doc_id sent_index relation_id relation trigger trigger_offset arg_num arg_head arg_protein arg_domain arg_site arg_sugar arg_head_offset arg_base_np arg_base_np_offset arg_np arg_np_offset sent_text 29038641 7 0 theme Fc 1109:1110 arg1 region 1112:1117 the Fc region 1105:1117 the Fc region using a single-step protocol 1105:1146 A native, intact human mAb was digested using a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol. 29038641 4 1 theme glycans 629:635 arg1 quantification 611:624 quantification 611:624 quantification of glycans 611:635 Site-specific analyses by MS, such as the use of proteases to digest the glycoprotein, are difficult to use for quantification of glycans, as a result of the presence of miscleavages. 29038641 4 2 gly glycoprotein 572:583 arg1 glycoprotein 572:583 the glycoprotein 568:583 the glycoprotein 568:583 Site-specific analyses by MS, such as the use of proteases to digest the glycoprotein, are difficult to use for quantification of glycans, as a result of the presence of miscleavages. 29038641 10 3 theme interaction 1368:1378 arg1 chromatography 1380:1393 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1356:1393 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1356:1393 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography was used to analyze the glycopeptides produced. 29038641 6 4 theme treatment 837:845 arg1 use 815:817 The use 811:817 The use of this enzymatic treatment 811:845 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 6 5 theme enzymatic 827:835 arg1 treatment 837:845 this enzymatic treatment 822:845 this enzymatic treatment 822:845 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 8 6 theme mg 1153:1154 arg1 sample 1156:1161 A 1 mg sample 1149:1161 A 1 mg sample 1149:1161 A 1 mg sample was treated with 60 µg trypsin for 3 h at 70°C. 29038641 1 7 theme challenging 129:139 arg1 analysis 58:65 The analysis 54:65 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) 54:116 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) has been a challenging technical problem. 29038641 1 7 theme challenging 129:139 arg1 problem 151:157 a challenging technical problem 127:157 a challenging technical problem 127:157 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) has been a challenging technical problem. 29038641 12 8 theme labeled 1597:1603 arg1 glycans 1605:1611 fluorescently labeled glycans 1583:1611 fluorescently labeled glycans 1583:1611 The LC/MS analysis of the glycopeptides is compared with that of fluorescently labeled glycans. 29038641 6 9 theme relative 936:943 arg1 quantification 945:958 site-specific relative quantification 922:958 site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins 922:986 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 13 10 theme linear 1687:1692 arg1 fit 1694:1696 the linear fit 1683:1696 the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods 1683:1749 Quantitative analysis produced a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods. 29038641 6 11 from glycoproteins 974:986 arg1 quantification 945:958 site-specific relative quantification 922:958 site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins 922:986 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 8 12 from 70°C 1205:1208 arg1 h 1200:1200 3 h 1198:1200 3 h at 70°C 1198:1208 A 1 mg sample was treated with 60 µg trypsin for 3 h at 70°C. 29038641 4 13 theme miscleavages 669:680 arg1 presence 657:664 the presence 653:664 the presence of miscleavages 653:680 Site-specific analyses by MS, such as the use of proteases to digest the glycoprotein, are difficult to use for quantification of glycans, as a result of the presence of miscleavages. 29038641 6 14 theme site-specific 922:934 arg1 quantification 945:958 site-specific relative quantification 922:958 site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins 922:986 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 10 15 theme chromatography 1328:1341 arg1 /MS 1347:1349 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS 1321:1349 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1321:1393 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography was used to analyze the glycopeptides produced. 29038641 10 16 gly glycopeptides 1419:1431 arg2 glycopeptides 1419:1431 the glycopeptides 1415:1431 the glycopeptides produced 1415:1440 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography was used to analyze the glycopeptides produced. 29038641 7 17 dep native 991:996 arg1 intact 999:1004 intact 999:1004 intact 999:1004 A native, intact human mAb was digested using a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol. 29038641 13 18 theme Quantitative 1614:1625 arg1 analysis 1627:1634 Quantitative analysis 1614:1634 Quantitative analysis 1614:1634 Quantitative analysis produced a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods. 29038641 3 19 link O-linked 402:409 arg1 glycans 411:417 O-linked glycans 402:417 O-linked glycans 402:417 Similar quantification of O-linked glycans is not possible, as a result of the lack of a universal deglycosylation enzyme. 29038641 8 20 theme µg 1183:1184 arg1 trypsin 1186:1192 60 µg trypsin 1180:1192 60 µg trypsin 1180:1192 A 1 mg sample was treated with 60 µg trypsin for 3 h at 70°C. 29038641 2 21 theme F 255:255 arg1 use 226:228 the use 222:228 the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection 222:373 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 3 22 theme O-linked 402:409 arg1 glycans 411:417 O-linked glycans 402:417 O-linked glycans 402:417 Similar quantification of O-linked glycans is not possible, as a result of the lack of a universal deglycosylation enzyme. 29038641 1 23 theme technical 141:149 arg1 analysis 58:65 The analysis 54:65 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) 54:116 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) has been a challenging technical problem. 29038641 1 23 theme technical 141:149 arg1 problem 151:157 a challenging technical problem 127:157 a challenging technical problem 127:157 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) has been a challenging technical problem. 29038641 7 24 theme single-step 1127:1137 arg1 protocol 1139:1146 a single-step protocol 1125:1146 a single-step protocol 1125:1146 A native, intact human mAb was digested using a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol. 29038641 0 25 from Sites 35:39 arg1 Proteins 44:51 Proteins 44:51 Proteins 44:51 A Method for Mapping Glycosylation Sites in Proteins. 29038641 10 26 theme hydrophilic 1356:1366 arg1 chromatography 1380:1393 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1356:1393 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1356:1393 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography was used to analyze the glycopeptides produced. 29038641 6 27 from glycans 963:969 arg1 glycoproteins 974:986 glycoproteins 974:986 glycoproteins 974:986 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 2 28 theme peptide-N-glycosidase 233:253 arg1 F 255:255 peptide-N-glycosidase F 233:255 peptide-N-glycosidase F 233:255 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 2 29 theme fluorescence 352:363 arg1 detection 365:373 subsequent fluorescence detection 341:373 subsequent fluorescence detection 341:373 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 7 30 dep stable 1047:1052 arg1 resin-bound 1055:1065 resin-bound 1055:1065 resin-bound 1055:1065 A native, intact human mAb was digested using a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol. 29038641 8 31 theme 60 1180:1181 arg1 µg 1183:1184 µg 1183:1184 µg 1183:1184 A 1 mg sample was treated with 60 µg trypsin for 3 h at 70°C. 29038641 6 32 from quantification 945:958 arg1 glycoproteins 974:986 glycoproteins 974:986 glycoproteins 974:986 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 1 33 theme protein 70:76 arg1 glycosylation 78:90 protein glycosylation 70:90 protein glycosylation 70:90 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) has been a challenging technical problem. 29038641 3 34 theme enzyme 491:496 arg1 lack 455:458 the lack 451:458 the lack of a universal deglycosylation enzyme 451:496 Similar quantification of O-linked glycans is not possible, as a result of the lack of a universal deglycosylation enzyme. 29038641 2 35 theme subsequent 341:350 arg1 detection 365:373 subsequent fluorescence detection 341:373 subsequent fluorescence detection 341:373 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 5 36 theme digestion 723:731 arg1 method 733:738 a digestion method 721:738 a digestion method 721:738 Here, we present a new application of a digestion method for native proteins using resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases. 29038641 13 37 gly glycopeptide 1710:1721 arg2 glycopeptide 1710:1721 glycopeptide 1710:1721 glycopeptide 1710:1721 Quantitative analysis produced a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods. 29038641 1 38 theme glycosylation 78:90 arg1 analysis 58:65 The analysis 54:65 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) 54:116 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) has been a challenging technical problem. 29038641 1 38 theme glycosylation 78:90 arg1 problem 151:157 a challenging technical problem 127:157 a challenging technical problem 127:157 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) has been a challenging technical problem. 29038641 13 39 theme 0.87 1674:1677 arg1 coefficient 1659:1669 a correlation coefficient 1645:1669 a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods 1645:1749 Quantitative analysis produced a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods. 29038641 3 40 theme glycans 411:417 arg1 quantification 384:397 Similar quantification 376:397 Similar quantification of O-linked glycans 376:417 Similar quantification of O-linked glycans is not possible, as a result of the lack of a universal deglycosylation enzyme. 29038641 0 41 theme Mapping 13:19 arg1 Sites 35:39 Mapping Glycosylation Sites 13:39 Mapping Glycosylation Sites in Proteins 13:51 A Method for Mapping Glycosylation Sites in Proteins. 29038641 12 42 gly glycopeptides 1544:1556 arg2 glycopeptides 1544:1556 the glycopeptides 1540:1556 the glycopeptides 1540:1556 The LC/MS analysis of the glycopeptides is compared with that of fluorescently labeled glycans. 29038641 6 43 gly glycosylation 890:902 arg2 glycosylation 890:902 glycosylation 890:902 glycosylation 890:902 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 6 43 gly glycosylation 890:902 arg2 site 882:885 the site 878:885 the site of glycosylation 878:902 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 10 44 with /MS 1347:1349 arg1 chromatography 1380:1393 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1356:1393 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1356:1393 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography was used to analyze the glycopeptides produced. 29038641 5 45 theme native 744:749 arg1 proteins 751:758 native proteins 744:758 native proteins using resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases 744:808 Here, we present a new application of a digestion method for native proteins using resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases. 29038641 4 46 theme presence 657:664 arg1 result 643:648 a result 641:648 a result of the presence of miscleavages 641:680 Site-specific analyses by MS, such as the use of proteases to digest the glycoprotein, are difficult to use for quantification of glycans, as a result of the presence of miscleavages. 29038641 6 47 theme glycosylation 890:902 arg1 glycosylation 890:902 glycosylation 890:902 glycosylation 890:902 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 6 47 theme glycosylation 890:902 arg1 site 882:885 the site 878:885 the site of glycosylation 878:902 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 2 48 dep label 331:335 arg1 a 317:317 a 317:317 a 317:317 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 1 49 theme mass 95:98 arg1 MS 114:115 MS 114:115 MS 114:115 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) has been a challenging technical problem. 29038641 1 49 theme mass 95:98 arg1 spectrometry 100:111 mass spectrometry 95:111 mass spectrometry (MS) 95:116 The analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry (MS) has been a challenging technical problem. 29038641 3 50 theme universal 465:473 arg1 enzyme 491:496 a universal deglycosylation enzyme 463:496 a universal deglycosylation enzyme 463:496 Similar quantification of O-linked glycans is not possible, as a result of the lack of a universal deglycosylation enzyme. 29038641 12 51 theme glycopeptides 1544:1556 arg1 analysis 1528:1535 The LC/MS analysis 1518:1535 The LC/MS analysis of the glycopeptides 1518:1556 The LC/MS analysis of the glycopeptides is compared with that of fluorescently labeled glycans. 29038641 12 52 dep that 1575:1578 arg1 is 1558:1559 is 1558:1559 is compared with that of fluorescently labeled glycans 1558:1611 The LC/MS analysis of the glycopeptides is compared with that of fluorescently labeled glycans. 29038641 2 53 link N-linked 186:193 arg1 glycans 195:201 N-linked glycans 186:201 N-linked glycans 186:201 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 2 54 theme detection 365:373 arg1 attachment 303:312 attachment 303:312 attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection 303:373 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 0 55 theme Glycosylation 21:33 arg1 Sites 35:39 Mapping Glycosylation Sites 13:39 Mapping Glycosylation Sites in Proteins 13:51 A Method for Mapping Glycosylation Sites in Proteins. 29038641 5 56 theme method 733:738 arg1 application 706:716 a new application 700:716 a new application of a digestion method for native proteins using resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases 700:808 Here, we present a new application of a digestion method for native proteins using resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases. 29038641 5 57 theme resin-bound 766:776 arg1 proteases 800:808 resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases 766:808 resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases 766:808 Here, we present a new application of a digestion method for native proteins using resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases. 29038641 10 58 used used 1399:1402 arg2 /MS 1347:1349 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS 1321:1349 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1321:1393 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography was used to analyze the glycopeptides produced. 29038641 2 59 attach release 260:266 arg2 use 226:228 the use 222:228 the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection 222:373 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 2 59 attach release 260:266 arg1 protein 282:288 the protein 278:288 the protein 278:288 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 7 60 theme native 991:996 arg1 mAb 1012:1014 A native, intact human mAb 989:1014 A native, intact human mAb 989:1014 A native, intact human mAb was digested using a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol. 29038641 13 61 theme released 1727:1734 arg1 methods 1743:1749 the glycopeptide and released glycan methods 1706:1749 the glycopeptide and released glycan methods 1706:1749 Quantitative analysis produced a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods. 29038641 7 62 from region 1112:1117 arg1 glycopeptides 1086:1098 glycopeptides 1086:1098 glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol 1086:1146 A native, intact human mAb was digested using a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol. 29038641 7 63 theme human 1006:1010 arg1 mAb 1012:1014 A native, intact human mAb 989:1014 A native, intact human mAb 989:1014 A native, intact human mAb was digested using a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol. 29038641 3 64 theme Similar 376:382 arg1 quantification 384:397 Similar quantification 376:397 Similar quantification of O-linked glycans 376:417 Similar quantification of O-linked glycans is not possible, as a result of the lack of a universal deglycosylation enzyme. 29038641 2 65 theme N-linked 186:193 arg1 glycans 195:201 N-linked glycans 186:201 N-linked glycans 186:201 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 2 66 theme glycans 195:201 arg1 Quantification 160:173 Quantification 160:173 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans 160:201 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 3 67 theme lack 455:458 arg1 result 441:446 a result 439:446 a result of the lack of a universal deglycosylation enzyme 439:496 Similar quantification of O-linked glycans is not possible, as a result of the lack of a universal deglycosylation enzyme. 29038641 4 68 theme Site-specific 499:511 arg1 use 541:543 the use 537:543 the use of proteases to digest the glycoprotein 537:583 Site-specific analyses by MS, such as the use of proteases to digest the glycoprotein, are difficult to use for quantification of glycans, as a result of the presence of miscleavages. 29038641 4 68 theme Site-specific 499:511 arg1 analyses 513:520 Site-specific analyses 499:520 Site-specific analyses 499:520 Site-specific analyses by MS, such as the use of proteases to digest the glycoprotein, are difficult to use for quantification of glycans, as a result of the presence of miscleavages. 29038641 10 69 theme Liquid 1321:1326 arg1 LC 1344:1345 LC 1344:1345 LC 1344:1345 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography was used to analyze the glycopeptides produced. 29038641 10 69 theme Liquid 1321:1326 arg1 chromatography 1328:1341 Liquid chromatography 1321:1341 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1321:1393 Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography was used to analyze the glycopeptides produced. 29038641 7 70 gly glycopeptides 1086:1098 arg1 region 1112:1117 the Fc region 1105:1117 the Fc region using a single-step protocol 1105:1146 A native, intact human mAb was digested using a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol. 29038641 7 70 gly glycopeptides 1086:1098 arg2 glycopeptides 1086:1098 glycopeptides 1086:1098 glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol 1086:1146 A native, intact human mAb was digested using a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol. 29038641 13 71 theme glycan 1736:1741 arg1 methods 1743:1749 the glycopeptide and released glycan methods 1706:1749 the glycopeptide and released glycan methods 1706:1749 Quantitative analysis produced a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods. 29038641 11 72 theme single 1490:1495 arg1 peptide 1497:1503 a single peptide 1488:1503 a single peptide (EEQYNSTYR) 1488:1515 All of the glycopeptides found resulted from a single peptide (EEQYNSTYR). 29038641 11 72 theme single 1490:1495 arg1 EEQYNSTYR 1506:1514 EEQYNSTYR 1506:1514 EEQYNSTYR 1506:1514 All of the glycopeptides found resulted from a single peptide (EEQYNSTYR). 29038641 5 73 dep resin-bound 766:776 arg1 stabilized 789:798 stabilized 789:798 stabilized 789:798 Here, we present a new application of a digestion method for native proteins using resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases. 29038641 7 74 theme stable 1047:1052 arg1 trypsin 1067:1073 a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin 1035:1073 a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol 1035:1146 A native, intact human mAb was digested using a thermally stable, resin-bound trypsin to produce glycopeptides from the Fc region using a single-step protocol. 29038641 12 75 theme LC/MS 1522:1526 arg1 analysis 1528:1535 The LC/MS analysis 1518:1535 The LC/MS analysis of the glycopeptides 1518:1556 The LC/MS analysis of the glycopeptides is compared with that of fluorescently labeled glycans. 29038641 4 76 theme proteases 548:556 arg1 use 541:543 the use 537:543 the use of proteases to digest the glycoprotein 537:583 Site-specific analyses by MS, such as the use of proteases to digest the glycoprotein, are difficult to use for quantification of glycans, as a result of the presence of miscleavages. 29038641 13 77 theme glycopeptide 1710:1721 arg1 methods 1743:1749 the glycopeptide and released glycan methods 1706:1749 the glycopeptide and released glycan methods 1706:1749 Quantitative analysis produced a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods. 29038641 6 78 gly glycoproteins 974:986 arg1 glycoproteins 974:986 glycoproteins 974:986 glycoproteins 974:986 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 2 79 theme label 331:335 arg1 attachment 303:312 attachment 303:312 attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection 303:373 Quantification by HPLC of N-linked glycans can be executed by the use of peptide-N-glycosidase F to release them from the protein, followed by attachment of a fluorescent label and subsequent fluorescence detection. 29038641 6 80 theme glycans 963:969 arg1 quantification 945:958 site-specific relative quantification 922:958 site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins 922:986 The use of this enzymatic treatment eliminates miscleavages around the site of glycosylation, thereby allowing site-specific relative quantification of glycans on glycoproteins. 29038641 13 81 theme correlation 1647:1657 arg1 coefficient 1659:1669 a correlation coefficient 1645:1669 a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods 1645:1749 Quantitative analysis produced a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the linear fit between the glycopeptide and released glycan methods. 29038641 5 82 theme new 702:704 arg1 application 706:716 a new application 700:716 a new application of a digestion method for native proteins using resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases 700:808 Here, we present a new application of a digestion method for native proteins using resin-bound, thermally stabilized proteases. 29038641 11 83 gly glycopeptides 1454:1466 arg2 glycopeptides 1454:1466 the glycopeptides 1450:1466 the glycopeptides found 1450:1472 All of the glycopeptides found resulted from a single peptide (EEQYNSTYR). 29038641 3 84 theme deglycosylation 475:489 arg1 enzyme 491:496 a universal deglycosylation enzyme 463:496 a universal deglycosylation enzyme 463:496 Similar quantification of O-linked glycans is not possible, as a result of the lack of a universal deglycosylation enzyme. 27734143 6 0 theme search 910:915 arg1 space 917:921 an informed search space 898:921 an informed search space built from measured glycomes and proteomes 898:964 We demonstrate the value of using an informed search space built from measured glycomes and proteomes to define the search space for interpretation of glycoproteomics data. 27734143 12 1 theme lower 1780:1784 arg1 scores 1794:1799 lower overall scores 1780:1799 lower overall scores 1780:1799 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 11 2 theme glycopeptide 1604:1615 arg1 spectra 1629:1635 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 1604:1635 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 1604:1635 This maximizes the ability to assign glycopeptide tandem mass spectra with confidence. 27734143 13 3 theme analytical 1940:1949 arg1 methods 1951:1957 analytical methods 1940:1957 analytical methods 1940:1957 We suggest use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies. 27734143 8 4 theme mixture 1142:1148 arg1 complexity 1150:1159 the mixture complexity 1138:1159 the mixture complexity 1138:1159 As the mixture complexity increases, the naïve search space balloons and the ability to assign glycopeptides with acceptable confidence diminishes. 27734143 12 5 theme precursor 1742:1750 arg1 ion 1752:1754 glycopeptide precursor ion 1729:1754 glycopeptide precursor ion 1729:1754 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 10 6 theme proteins 1533:1540 arg1 range 1524:1528 the full range 1515:1528 the full range of proteins detected in the mixture 1515:1564 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. 27734143 3 7 theme co-purified 497:507 arg1 contaminants 522:533 co-purified glycoprotein contaminants 497:533 co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions 497:630 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 12 8 theme mass 1712:1715 arg1 spectra 1717:1723 the number of tandem mass spectra 1691:1723 the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion 1691:1754 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 8 9 theme search 1182:1187 arg1 space 1189:1193 the naïve search space 1172:1193 the naïve search space 1172:1193 As the mixture complexity increases, the naïve search space balloons and the ability to assign glycopeptides with acceptable confidence diminishes. 27734143 8 10 theme acceptable 1249:1258 arg1 confidence 1260:1269 acceptable confidence 1249:1269 acceptable confidence 1249:1269 As the mixture complexity increases, the naïve search space balloons and the ability to assign glycopeptides with acceptable confidence diminishes. 27734143 4 11 gly glycopeptides 687:699 arg2 glycopeptides 687:699 glycopeptides 687:699 glycopeptides from complex biological mixtures 687:732 In addition, there is increasing need to characterize glycopeptides from complex biological mixtures. 27734143 4 11 gly glycopeptides 687:699 arg1 mixtures 725:732 complex biological mixtures 706:732 complex biological mixtures 706:732 In addition, there is increasing need to characterize glycopeptides from complex biological mixtures. 27734143 2 12 theme simplest 286:293 arg1 way 295:297 The simplest way 282:297 The simplest way to do this 282:308 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 9 13 from addition 1286:1293 arg1 possible 1306:1313 possible 1306:1313 possible 1306:1313 In addition, it is not possible to identify glycopeptides not foreseen as part of the naïve search space. 27734143 7 14 theme α-1-acid 1056:1063 arg1 AGP 1079:1081 AGP 1079:1081 AGP 1079:1081 We show this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices. 27734143 7 14 theme α-1-acid 1056:1063 arg1 glycoprotein 1065:1076 this using α-1-acid glycoprotein 1045:1076 this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices 1045:1132 We show this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices. 27734143 1 15 theme glycan 212:217 arg1 compositions 219:230 the theoretical glycan compositions 196:230 the theoretical glycan compositions 196:230 In order to interpret glycopeptide tandem mass spectra, it is necessary to estimate the theoretical glycan compositions and peptide sequences, known as the search space. 27734143 6 16 theme measured 934:941 arg1 glycomes 943:950 measured glycomes 934:950 measured glycomes 934:950 We demonstrate the value of using an informed search space built from measured glycomes and proteomes to define the search space for interpretation of glycoproteomics data. 27734143 2 17 dep way 295:297 arg1 do 302:303 do 302:303 to do this 299:308 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 12 18 gly glycopeptide 1729:1740 arg2 glycopeptide 1729:1740 glycopeptide 1729:1740 glycopeptide 1729:1740 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 4 19 theme complex 706:712 arg1 mixtures 725:732 complex biological mixtures 706:732 complex biological mixtures 706:732 In addition, there is increasing need to characterize glycopeptides from complex biological mixtures. 27734143 1 20 theme glycopeptide 134:145 arg1 spectra 159:165 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 134:165 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 134:165 In order to interpret glycopeptide tandem mass spectra, it is necessary to estimate the theoretical glycan compositions and peptide sequences, known as the search space. 27734143 12 21 theme tandem 1705:1710 arg1 spectra 1717:1723 the number of tandem mass spectra 1691:1723 the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion 1691:1754 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 6 22 theme glycoproteomics 1015:1029 arg1 data 1031:1034 glycoproteomics data 1015:1034 glycoproteomics data 1015:1034 We demonstrate the value of using an informed search space built from measured glycomes and proteomes to define the search space for interpretation of glycoproteomics data. 27734143 5 23 theme liquid 748:753 arg1 LC-MS 789:793 LC-MS 789:793 LC-MS 789:793 Fortunately, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for glycomics and proteomics are now mature and accessible. 27734143 5 23 theme liquid 748:753 arg1 spectrometry 775:786 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 748:786 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for glycomics and proteomics 748:831 Fortunately, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for glycomics and proteomics are now mature and accessible. 27734143 3 24 theme mass 592:595 arg1 spectra 597:603 tandem mass spectra 585:603 tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions 585:630 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 1 25 theme mass 154:157 arg1 spectra 159:165 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 134:165 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 134:165 In order to interpret glycopeptide tandem mass spectra, it is necessary to estimate the theoretical glycan compositions and peptide sequences, known as the search space. 27734143 12 26 theme mixture 1661:1667 arg1 complexity 1669:1678 the mixture complexity 1657:1678 the mixture complexity 1657:1678 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 10 27 theme glycan 1424:1429 arg1 glycomics 1431:1439 released glycan glycomics 1415:1439 released glycan glycomics 1415:1439 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. 27734143 0 28 theme assignment 70:79 arg1 confidence 42:51 confidence 42:51 confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation 42:109 Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation. 27734143 13 29 gly glycoprotein 1887:1898 arg1 glycoprotein 1887:1898 α-1-acid glycoprotein 1878:1898 α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard 1878:1912 We suggest use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies. 27734143 3 30 gly glycoproteins 475:487 arg1 glycoproteins 475:487 purified glycoproteins 466:487 purified glycoproteins 466:487 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 13 31 theme α-1-acid 1878:1885 arg1 glycoprotein 1887:1898 α-1-acid glycoprotein 1878:1898 α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard 1878:1912 We suggest use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies. 27734143 0 32 theme glycoprotein 84:95 arg1 glycosylation 97:109 glycoprotein glycosylation 84:109 glycoprotein glycosylation 84:109 Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation. 27734143 14 33 theme Graphical 2025:2033 arg1 Assignment 2044:2053 Graphical Abstract Assignment 2025:2053 Graphical Abstract Assignment of site specific glycosylation from LC-tandemMS data. 2025:2107 Graphical Abstract Assignment of site specific glycosylation from LC-tandemMS data. 27734143 12 34 gly glycoprotein 1846:1857 arg1 glycoprotein 1846:1857 the target glycoprotein 1835:1857 the target glycoprotein 1835:1857 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 2 35 theme glycan 356:361 arg1 compositions 363:374 glycan compositions 356:374 glycan compositions from public databases 356:396 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 1 36 theme search 268:273 arg1 space 275:279 the search space 264:279 the search space 264:279 In order to interpret glycopeptide tandem mass spectra, it is necessary to estimate the theoretical glycan compositions and peptide sequences, known as the search space. 27734143 4 37 from mixtures 725:732 arg1 glycopeptides 687:699 glycopeptides 687:699 glycopeptides from complex biological mixtures 687:732 In addition, there is increasing need to characterize glycopeptides from complex biological mixtures. 27734143 12 38 theme target 1839:1844 arg1 glycoprotein 1846:1857 the target glycoprotein 1835:1857 the target glycoprotein 1835:1857 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 0 39 theme search 19:24 arg1 space 26:30 an informed search space 7:30 an informed search space 7:30 Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation. 27734143 14 40 from data 2103:2106 arg1 Assignment 2044:2053 Graphical Abstract Assignment 2025:2053 Graphical Abstract Assignment of site specific glycosylation from LC-tandemMS data. 2025:2107 Graphical Abstract Assignment of site specific glycosylation from LC-tandemMS data. 27734143 2 41 from sets 348:351 arg1 databases 388:396 public databases 381:396 public databases 381:396 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 2 41 from sets 348:351 arg1 space 337:341 a naïve search space 322:341 a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases 322:396 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 2 42 theme target 421:426 arg1 pure 444:447 pure 444:447 pure 444:447 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 2 42 theme target 421:426 arg1 glycoprotein 428:439 the target glycoprotein 417:439 the target glycoprotein 417:439 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 3 43 contain contain 489:495 arg2 contaminants 522:533 co-purified glycoprotein contaminants 497:533 co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions 497:630 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 3 43 contain contain 489:495 arg1 glycoproteins 475:487 purified glycoproteins 466:487 purified glycoproteins 466:487 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 14 44 theme specific 2063:2070 arg1 glycosylation 2072:2084 site specific glycosylation 2058:2084 site specific glycosylation 2058:2084 Graphical Abstract Assignment of site specific glycosylation from LC-tandemMS data. 27734143 3 45 theme naïve 614:618 arg1 assumptions 620:630 naïve assumptions 614:630 naïve assumptions 614:630 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 7 46 theme matrices 1125:1132 arg1 set 1097:1099 a set 1095:1099 a set of increasingly complex matrices 1095:1132 We show this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices. 27734143 7 46 theme matrices 1125:1132 arg1 matrices 1125:1132 increasingly complex matrices 1104:1132 increasingly complex matrices 1104:1132 We show this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices. 27734143 7 47 gly glycoprotein 1065:1076 arg1 AGP 1079:1081 AGP 1079:1081 AGP 1079:1081 We show this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices. 27734143 7 47 gly glycoprotein 1065:1076 arg1 glycoprotein 1065:1076 this using α-1-acid glycoprotein 1045:1076 this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices 1045:1132 We show this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices. 27734143 13 48 theme parameters 1985:1994 arg1 effectiveness 1923:1935 effectiveness 1923:1935 effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies 1923:2022 We suggest use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies. 27734143 3 49 theme purified 466:473 arg1 glycoproteins 475:487 purified glycoproteins 466:487 purified glycoproteins 466:487 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 9 50 theme search 1375:1380 arg1 space 1382:1386 the naïve search space 1365:1386 the naïve search space 1365:1386 In addition, it is not possible to identify glycopeptides not foreseen as part of the naïve search space. 27734143 2 51 from databases 388:396 arg1 sets 348:351 sets 348:351 sets of glycan compositions from public databases 348:396 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 2 51 from databases 388:396 arg1 compositions 363:374 glycan compositions 356:374 glycan compositions from public databases 356:396 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 10 52 theme full 1519:1522 arg1 range 1524:1528 the full range 1515:1528 the full range of proteins detected in the mixture 1515:1564 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. 27734143 13 53 theme glycoproteomics 2000:2014 arg1 studies 2016:2022 glycoproteomics studies 2000:2022 glycoproteomics studies 2000:2022 We suggest use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies. 27734143 2 54 theme naïve 324:328 arg1 space 337:341 a naïve search space 322:341 a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases 322:396 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 6 55 theme informed 901:908 arg1 space 917:921 an informed search space 898:921 an informed search space built from measured glycomes and proteomes 898:964 We demonstrate the value of using an informed search space built from measured glycomes and proteomes to define the search space for interpretation of glycoproteomics data. 27734143 11 56 theme tandem 1617:1622 arg1 spectra 1629:1635 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 1604:1635 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 1604:1635 This maximizes the ability to assign glycopeptide tandem mass spectra with confidence. 27734143 13 57 theme methods 1951:1957 arg1 effectiveness 1923:1935 effectiveness 1923:1935 effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies 1923:2022 We suggest use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies. 27734143 3 58 theme glycoprotein 509:520 arg1 contaminants 522:533 co-purified glycoprotein contaminants 497:533 co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions 497:630 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 13 59 theme bioinformatics 1963:1976 arg1 parameters 1985:1994 bioinformatics search parameters 1963:1994 bioinformatics search parameters 1963:1994 We suggest use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies. 27734143 5 60 theme spectrometry 775:786 arg1 methods 796:802 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods 748:802 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for glycomics and proteomics 748:831 Fortunately, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for glycomics and proteomics are now mature and accessible. 27734143 10 61 theme search 1391:1396 arg1 smaller 1464:1470 smaller 1464:1470 smaller 1464:1470 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. 27734143 10 61 theme search 1391:1396 arg1 space 1398:1402 A search space 1389:1402 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data 1389:1459 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. 27734143 9 62 from possible 1306:1313 arg1 addition 1286:1293 addition 1286:1293 addition 1286:1293 In addition, it is not possible to identify glycopeptides not foreseen as part of the naïve search space. 27734143 12 63 theme glycopeptide 1729:1740 arg1 ion 1752:1754 glycopeptide precursor ion 1729:1754 glycopeptide precursor ion 1729:1754 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 14 64 theme glycosylation 2072:2084 arg1 Assignment 2044:2053 Graphical Abstract Assignment 2025:2053 Graphical Abstract Assignment of site specific glycosylation from LC-tandemMS data. 2025:2107 Graphical Abstract Assignment of site specific glycosylation from LC-tandemMS data. 27734143 8 65 theme naïve 1176:1180 arg1 space 1189:1193 the naïve search space 1172:1193 the naïve search space 1172:1193 As the mixture complexity increases, the naïve search space balloons and the ability to assign glycopeptides with acceptable confidence diminishes. 27734143 7 66 theme using 1050:1054 arg1 AGP 1079:1081 AGP 1079:1081 AGP 1079:1081 We show this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices. 27734143 7 66 theme using 1050:1054 arg1 glycoprotein 1065:1076 this using α-1-acid glycoprotein 1045:1076 this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices 1045:1132 We show this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices. 27734143 1 67 theme theoretical 200:210 arg1 compositions 219:230 the theoretical glycan compositions 196:230 the theoretical glycan compositions 196:230 In order to interpret glycopeptide tandem mass spectra, it is necessary to estimate the theoretical glycan compositions and peptide sequences, known as the search space. 27734143 11 68 gly glycopeptide 1604:1615 arg2 glycopeptide 1604:1615 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 1604:1635 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 1604:1635 This maximizes the ability to assign glycopeptide tandem mass spectra with confidence. 27734143 8 69 gly glycopeptides 1230:1242 arg2 glycopeptides 1230:1242 glycopeptides 1230:1242 glycopeptides with acceptable confidence 1230:1269 As the mixture complexity increases, the naïve search space balloons and the ability to assign glycopeptides with acceptable confidence diminishes. 27734143 13 70 theme glycoprotein 1887:1898 arg1 use 1871:1873 use 1871:1873 use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies 1871:2022 We suggest use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies. 27734143 3 71 theme spectra 597:603 arg1 assignment 571:580 assignment 571:580 assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions 571:630 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 6 72 theme data 1031:1034 arg1 interpretation 997:1010 interpretation 997:1010 interpretation of glycoproteomics data 997:1034 We demonstrate the value of using an informed search space built from measured glycomes and proteomes to define the search space for interpretation of glycoproteomics data. 27734143 0 73 theme site-specific 56:68 arg1 assignment 70:79 site-specific assignment 56:79 site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation 56:109 Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation. 27734143 3 74 theme tandem 585:590 arg1 spectra 597:603 tandem mass spectra 585:603 tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions 585:630 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 9 75 gly glycopeptides 1327:1339 arg2 glycopeptides 1327:1339 glycopeptides 1327:1339 glycopeptides not foreseen as part of the naïve search space 1327:1386 In addition, it is not possible to identify glycopeptides not foreseen as part of the naïve search space. 27734143 1 76 theme tandem 147:152 arg1 spectra 159:165 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 134:165 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 134:165 In order to interpret glycopeptide tandem mass spectra, it is necessary to estimate the theoretical glycan compositions and peptide sequences, known as the search space. 27734143 12 77 theme number of 1695:1703 arg1 spectra 1717:1723 the number of tandem mass spectra 1691:1723 the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion 1691:1754 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 3 78 gly glycoprotein 509:520 arg1 glycoprotein 509:520 co-purified glycoprotein contaminants 497:533 co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions 497:630 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 5 79 theme chromatography-mass 755:773 arg1 LC-MS 789:793 LC-MS 789:793 LC-MS 789:793 Fortunately, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for glycomics and proteomics are now mature and accessible. 27734143 5 79 theme chromatography-mass 755:773 arg1 spectrometry 775:786 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 748:786 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for glycomics and proteomics 748:831 Fortunately, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for glycomics and proteomics are now mature and accessible. 27734143 10 80 theme released 1415:1422 arg1 glycomics 1431:1439 released glycan glycomics 1415:1439 released glycan glycomics 1415:1439 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. 27734143 0 81 theme glycosylation 97:109 arg1 assignment 70:79 site-specific assignment 56:79 site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation 56:109 Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation. 27734143 14 82 theme Abstract 2035:2042 arg1 Assignment 2044:2053 Graphical Abstract Assignment 2025:2053 Graphical Abstract Assignment of site specific glycosylation from LC-tandemMS data. 2025:2107 Graphical Abstract Assignment of site specific glycosylation from LC-tandemMS data. 27734143 6 83 theme search 980:985 arg1 space 987:991 the search space 976:991 the search space for interpretation of glycoproteomics data 976:1034 We demonstrate the value of using an informed search space built from measured glycomes and proteomes to define the search space for interpretation of glycoproteomics data. 27734143 10 84 theme proteomics 1445:1454 arg1 data 1456:1459 proteomics data 1445:1459 proteomics data 1445:1459 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. 27734143 10 85 located detected 1542:1549 arg1 mixture 1558:1564 the mixture 1554:1564 the mixture 1554:1564 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. 27734143 10 85 located detected 1542:1549 arg2 proteins 1533:1540 proteins 1533:1540 proteins detected in the mixture 1533:1564 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. 27734143 0 86 gly glycoprotein 84:95 arg1 glycoprotein 84:95 glycoprotein glycosylation 84:109 glycoprotein glycosylation 84:109 Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation. 27734143 1 87 gly glycopeptide 134:145 arg2 glycopeptide 134:145 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 134:165 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 134:165 In order to interpret glycopeptide tandem mass spectra, it is necessary to estimate the theoretical glycan compositions and peptide sequences, known as the search space. 27734143 3 88 contain have 540:543 arg2 potential 549:557 the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions 545:630 the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions 545:630 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 3 88 contain have 540:543 arg1 contaminants 522:533 co-purified glycoprotein contaminants 497:533 co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions 497:630 Often, however, purified glycoproteins contain co-purified glycoprotein contaminants that have the potential to confound assignment of tandem mass spectra based on naïve assumptions. 27734143 4 89 theme biological 714:723 arg1 mixtures 725:732 complex biological mixtures 706:732 complex biological mixtures 706:732 In addition, there is increasing need to characterize glycopeptides from complex biological mixtures. 27734143 0 90 theme informed 10:17 arg1 space 26:30 an informed search space 7:30 an informed search space 7:30 Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation. 27734143 14 91 theme LC-tandemMS 2091:2101 arg1 data 2103:2106 LC-tandemMS data 2091:2106 LC-tandemMS data 2091:2106 Graphical Abstract Assignment of site specific glycosylation from LC-tandemMS data. 27734143 2 92 theme public 381:386 arg1 databases 388:396 public databases 381:396 public databases 381:396 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 0 93 theme space 26:30 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of an informed search space 0:30 Use of an informed search space maximizes confidence of site-specific assignment of glycoprotein glycosylation. 27734143 2 94 gly glycoprotein 428:439 arg1 pure 444:447 pure 444:447 pure 444:447 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 2 94 gly glycoprotein 428:439 arg1 glycoprotein 428:439 the target glycoprotein 417:439 the target glycoprotein 417:439 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 8 95 dep space 1189:1193 arg1 balloons 1195:1202 balloons 1195:1202 balloons 1195:1202 As the mixture complexity increases, the naïve search space balloons and the ability to assign glycopeptides with acceptable confidence diminishes. 27734143 1 96 theme peptide 236:242 arg1 sequences 244:252 peptide sequences 236:252 peptide sequences 236:252 In order to interpret glycopeptide tandem mass spectra, it is necessary to estimate the theoretical glycan compositions and peptide sequences, known as the search space. 27734143 2 97 theme compositions 363:374 arg1 sets 348:351 sets 348:351 sets of glycan compositions from public databases 348:396 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 2 97 theme compositions 363:374 arg1 compositions 363:374 glycan compositions 356:374 glycan compositions from public databases 356:396 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 7 98 theme complex 1117:1123 arg1 matrices 1125:1132 increasingly complex matrices 1104:1132 increasingly complex matrices 1104:1132 We show this using α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) mixed into a set of increasingly complex matrices. 27734143 12 99 theme coverage 1822:1829 arg1 depth 1813:1817 depth 1813:1817 depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein 1813:1857 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 8 100 with glycopeptides 1230:1242 arg1 confidence 1260:1269 acceptable confidence 1249:1269 acceptable confidence 1249:1269 As the mixture complexity increases, the naïve search space balloons and the ability to assign glycopeptides with acceptable confidence diminishes. 27734143 12 101 theme overall 1786:1792 arg1 scores 1794:1799 lower overall scores 1780:1799 lower overall scores 1780:1799 As the mixture complexity increases, the number of tandem mass spectra per glycopeptide precursor ion decreases, resulting in lower overall scores and reduced depth of coverage for the target glycoprotein. 27734143 10 102 theme naïve 1481:1485 arg1 counterpart 1487:1497 its naïve counterpart 1477:1497 its naïve counterpart 1477:1497 A search space built from released glycan glycomics and proteomics data is smaller than its naïve counterpart while including the full range of proteins detected in the mixture. 27734143 13 103 theme search 1978:1983 arg1 parameters 1985:1994 bioinformatics search parameters 1963:1994 bioinformatics search parameters 1963:1994 We suggest use of α-1-acid glycoprotein as a standard to gauge effectiveness of analytical methods and bioinformatics search parameters for glycoproteomics studies. 27734143 9 104 theme naïve 1369:1373 arg1 space 1382:1386 the naïve search space 1365:1386 the naïve search space 1365:1386 In addition, it is not possible to identify glycopeptides not foreseen as part of the naïve search space. 27734143 11 105 theme mass 1624:1627 arg1 spectra 1629:1635 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 1604:1635 glycopeptide tandem mass spectra 1604:1635 This maximizes the ability to assign glycopeptide tandem mass spectra with confidence. 27734143 2 106 theme search 330:335 arg1 space 337:341 a naïve search space 322:341 a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases 322:396 The simplest way to do this is to build a naïve search space from sets of glycan compositions from public databases and to assume that the target glycoprotein is pure. 27734143 9 107 theme space 1382:1386 arg1 part 1357:1360 part 1357:1360 part of the naïve search space 1357:1386 In addition, it is not possible to identify glycopeptides not foreseen as part of the naïve search space. 25080026 0 0 theme recombinant 82:92 arg1 erythropoietin 100:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 4 1 theme comprehensive 498:510 arg1 approach 512:519 a fast and comprehensive approach 487:519 a fast and comprehensive approach 487:519 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 4 2 gly glycopeptides 704:716 arg2 glycopeptides 704:716 glycopeptides 704:716 glycopeptides 704:716 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 4 3 theme fast 489:492 arg1 approach 512:519 a fast and comprehensive approach 487:519 a fast and comprehensive approach 487:519 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 6 4 theme intact 921:926 arg1 glycopeptides 928:940 74 intact glycopeptides 918:940 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 918:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 5 5 theme intact 789:794 arg1 glycopeptides 796:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides were analyzed with high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap. 25080026 4 6 theme reliable 525:532 arg1 characterization 534:549 reliable characterization 525:549 reliable characterization 525:549 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 7 7 theme relative 1165:1172 arg1 quantification 1174:1187 relative quantification 1165:1187 relative quantification of glycoforms 1165:1201 The extracted ion chromatograms based on the HR-AM data enabled relative quantification of glycoforms. 25080026 6 8 gly glycosylation 952:964 arg2 four 947:950 four 947:950 four 947:950 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 6 8 gly glycosylation 952:964 arg2 N38 980:982 N38 980:982 N38 980:982 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 6 8 gly glycosylation 952:964 arg2 sites 966:970 four glycosylation sites 947:970 four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 947:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 6 8 gly glycosylation 952:964 arg2 N83 985:987 N83 985:987 N83 985:987 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 6 8 gly glycosylation 952:964 arg2 N24 975:977 N24 975:977 N24 975:977 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 6 8 gly glycosylation 952:964 arg2 O126 994:997 O126 994:997 O126 994:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 5 9 theme N-linked 767:774 arg1 glycopeptides 796:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides were analyzed with high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap. 25080026 6 10 theme glycosylation 952:964 arg1 sites 966:970 four glycosylation sites 947:970 four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 947:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 7 11 theme HR-AM 1146:1150 arg1 data 1152:1155 the HR-AM data 1142:1155 the HR-AM data 1142:1155 The extracted ion chromatograms based on the HR-AM data enabled relative quantification of glycoforms. 25080026 5 12 link O-linked 780:787 arg1 glycopeptides 796:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides were analyzed with high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap. 25080026 0 13 theme human 94:98 arg1 erythropoietin 100:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 0 14 from N- 59:60 arg1 erythropoietin 100:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 5 15 gly glycopeptides 796:808 arg2 glycopeptides 796:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides were analyzed with high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap. 25080026 8 16 theme proteins 1334:1341 arg1 glycosylation 1311:1323 glycosylation 1311:1323 glycosylation of other proteins 1311:1341 Our results could be extended to quality control of rhEPO or could help establish detection approaches for glycosylation of other proteins. 25080026 0 17 gly O-glycoforms 66:77 arg2 erythropoietin 100:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 4 18 theme multiple-enzyme 616:630 arg1 digestion 632:640 multiple-enzyme digestion 616:640 multiple-enzyme digestion 616:640 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 5 19 theme O-linked 780:787 arg1 glycopeptides 796:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides were analyzed with high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap. 25080026 5 20 theme HR-AM 864:868 arg1 spectrometry 876:887 high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry 829:887 spectrometry 876:887 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides were analyzed with high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap. 25080026 5 21 link N-linked 767:774 arg1 glycopeptides 796:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides 763:808 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides were analyzed with high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap. 25080026 4 22 theme tandem 723:728 arg1 MS 749:750 MS 749:750 MS 749:750 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 4 22 theme tandem 723:728 arg1 spectrometry 735:746 tandem mass spectrometry 723:746 tandem mass spectrometry (MS) 723:751 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 6 23 theme glycoform 1077:1085 arg1 compositions 1087:1098 glycoform compositions 1077:1098 glycoform compositions 1077:1098 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 3 24 theme great 419:423 arg1 importance 425:434 great importance 419:434 great importance 419:434 Characterization of the glycosylation status of rhEPO is of great importance for quality control. 25080026 7 25 theme glycoforms 1192:1201 arg1 quantification 1174:1187 relative quantification 1165:1187 relative quantification of glycoforms 1165:1201 The extracted ion chromatograms based on the HR-AM data enabled relative quantification of glycoforms. 25080026 4 26 theme glycopeptides 704:716 arg1 enrichment 690:699 enrichment 690:699 enrichment 690:699 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 0 27 theme qualitative 14:24 arg1 analysis 43:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis 0:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 0:114 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 0 28 from analysis 43:50 arg1 erythropoietin 100:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 6 29 from sites 966:970 arg1 glycopeptides 928:940 74 intact glycopeptides 918:940 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 918:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 2 30 theme clearance 334:342 arg1 rate 344:347 in-vivo clearance rate 326:347 in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO 326:356 Glycosylation of rhEPO affects the biological activity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO. 25080026 3 31 theme quality 440:446 arg1 control 448:454 quality control 440:454 quality control 440:454 Characterization of the glycosylation status of rhEPO is of great importance for quality control. 25080026 0 32 theme Site-specific 0:12 arg1 analysis 43:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis 0:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 0:114 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 4 33 theme rhEPO 580:584 arg1 glycosylation 586:598 rhEPO glycosylation 580:598 rhEPO glycosylation 580:598 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 8 34 theme rhEPO 1256:1260 arg1 control 1245:1251 quality control 1237:1251 quality control of rhEPO 1237:1260 Our results could be extended to quality control of rhEPO or could help establish detection approaches for glycosylation of other proteins. 25080026 2 35 theme in-vivo 326:332 arg1 rate 344:347 in-vivo clearance rate 326:347 in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO 326:356 Glycosylation of rhEPO affects the biological activity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO. 25080026 1 36 theme pharmaceutical 188:201 arg1 erythropoietin 134:147 Recombinant human erythropoietin 116:147 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) 116:155 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 1 36 theme pharmaceutical 188:201 arg1 product 203:209 a pharmaceutical product 186:209 a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia 186:229 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 0 37 theme quantitative 30:41 arg1 analysis 43:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis 0:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 0:114 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 3 38 gly glycosylation 383:395 arg1 rhEPO 407:411 rhEPO 407:411 rhEPO 407:411 Characterization of the glycosylation status of rhEPO is of great importance for quality control. 25080026 6 39 theme simultaneous 1025:1036 arg1 determination 1038:1050 the simultaneous determination 1021:1050 the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions 1021:1098 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 6 40 theme compositions 1087:1098 arg1 determination 1038:1050 the simultaneous determination 1021:1050 the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions 1021:1098 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 8 41 theme quality 1237:1243 arg1 control 1245:1251 quality control 1237:1251 quality control of rhEPO 1237:1260 Our results could be extended to quality control of rhEPO or could help establish detection approaches for glycosylation of other proteins. 25080026 7 42 theme ion 1115:1117 arg1 chromatograms 1119:1131 The extracted ion chromatograms 1101:1131 The extracted ion chromatograms based on the HR-AM data 1101:1155 The extracted ion chromatograms based on the HR-AM data enabled relative quantification of glycoforms. 25080026 4 43 dep digestion 632:640 arg1 analysis 753:760 analysis 753:760 analysis 753:760 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 1 44 theme Recombinant 116:126 arg1 rhEPO 150:154 rhEPO 150:154 rhEPO 150:154 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 1 44 theme Recombinant 116:126 arg1 erythropoietin 134:147 Recombinant human erythropoietin 116:147 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) 116:155 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 1 44 theme Recombinant 116:126 arg1 product 203:209 a pharmaceutical product 186:209 a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia 186:229 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 5 45 theme mass 871:874 arg1 spectrometry 876:887 high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry 829:887 spectrometry 876:887 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides were analyzed with high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap. 25080026 5 46 theme high-resolution 829:843 arg1 spectrometry 876:887 high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry 829:887 spectrometry 876:887 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides were analyzed with high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap. 25080026 4 47 theme glycosylation 586:598 arg1 characterization 534:549 reliable characterization 525:549 reliable characterization 525:549 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 4 47 theme glycosylation 586:598 arg1 quantitation 564:575 relative quantitation 555:575 relative quantitation 555:575 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 2 48 theme rhEPO 249:253 arg1 Glycosylation 232:244 Glycosylation 232:244 Glycosylation of rhEPO 232:253 Glycosylation of rhEPO affects the biological activity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO. 25080026 8 49 theme detection 1286:1294 arg1 approaches 1296:1305 detection approaches 1286:1305 detection approaches for glycosylation of other proteins 1286:1341 Our results could be extended to quality control of rhEPO or could help establish detection approaches for glycosylation of other proteins. 25080026 8 50 theme other 1328:1332 arg1 proteins 1334:1341 other proteins 1328:1341 other proteins 1328:1341 Our results could be extended to quality control of rhEPO or could help establish detection approaches for glycosylation of other proteins. 25080026 6 51 theme peptide 1055:1061 arg1 sequences 1063:1071 peptide sequences 1055:1071 peptide sequences 1055:1071 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 6 52 from O126 994:997 arg1 sites 966:970 four glycosylation sites 947:970 four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 947:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 0 53 from O-glycoforms 66:77 arg1 erythropoietin 100:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 recombinant human erythropoietin 82:113 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 3 54 theme status 397:402 arg1 Characterization 359:374 Characterization 359:374 Characterization of the glycosylation status of rhEPO 359:411 Characterization of the glycosylation status of rhEPO is of great importance for quality control. 25080026 4 55 theme enrichment 690:699 arg1 HILIC 683:687 HILIC 683:687 HILIC 683:687 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 4 55 theme enrichment 690:699 arg1 chromatography 667:680 hydrophilic-interaction chromatography 643:680 hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides 643:716 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 0 56 theme N- 59:60 arg1 analysis 43:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis 0:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 0:114 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 6 57 from N38 980:982 arg1 sites 966:970 four glycosylation sites 947:970 four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 947:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 1 58 theme human 128:132 arg1 rhEPO 150:154 rhEPO 150:154 rhEPO 150:154 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 1 58 theme human 128:132 arg1 erythropoietin 134:147 Recombinant human erythropoietin 116:147 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) 116:155 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 1 58 theme human 128:132 arg1 product 203:209 a pharmaceutical product 186:209 a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia 186:229 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 2 59 gly Glycosylation 232:244 arg1 rhEPO 249:253 rhEPO 249:253 rhEPO 249:253 Glycosylation of rhEPO affects the biological activity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO. 25080026 7 60 theme extracted 1105:1113 arg1 chromatograms 1119:1131 The extracted ion chromatograms 1101:1131 The extracted ion chromatograms based on the HR-AM data 1101:1155 The extracted ion chromatograms based on the HR-AM data enabled relative quantification of glycoforms. 25080026 2 61 theme rhEPO 352:356 arg1 rate 344:347 in-vivo clearance rate 326:347 in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO 326:356 Glycosylation of rhEPO affects the biological activity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO. 25080026 2 61 theme rhEPO 352:356 arg1 pharmacokinetics 304:319 pharmacokinetics 304:319 pharmacokinetics 304:319 Glycosylation of rhEPO affects the biological activity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO. 25080026 2 61 theme rhEPO 352:356 arg1 immunogenicity 288:301 immunogenicity 288:301 immunogenicity 288:301 Glycosylation of rhEPO affects the biological activity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO. 25080026 2 61 theme rhEPO 352:356 arg1 activity 278:285 the biological activity 263:285 the biological activity 263:285 Glycosylation of rhEPO affects the biological activity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO. 25080026 4 62 theme relative 555:562 arg1 quantitation 564:575 relative quantitation 555:575 relative quantitation 555:575 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 6 63 from N83 985:987 arg1 sites 966:970 four glycosylation sites 947:970 four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 947:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 8 64 gly glycosylation 1311:1323 arg1 proteins 1334:1341 other proteins 1328:1341 other proteins 1328:1341 Our results could be extended to quality control of rhEPO or could help establish detection approaches for glycosylation of other proteins. 25080026 4 65 theme hydrophilic-interaction 643:665 arg1 HILIC 683:687 HILIC 683:687 HILIC 683:687 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 4 65 theme hydrophilic-interaction 643:665 arg1 chromatography 667:680 hydrophilic-interaction chromatography 643:680 hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides 643:716 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 0 66 from erythropoietin 100:113 arg1 analysis 43:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis 0:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 0:114 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 2 67 theme biological 267:276 arg1 activity 278:285 the biological activity 263:285 the biological activity 263:285 Glycosylation of rhEPO affects the biological activity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and in-vivo clearance rate of rhEPO. 25080026 4 68 theme mass 730:733 arg1 MS 749:750 MS 749:750 MS 749:750 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 4 68 theme mass 730:733 arg1 spectrometry 735:746 tandem mass spectrometry 723:746 tandem mass spectrometry (MS) 723:751 In this study, we established a fast and comprehensive approach for reliable characterization and relative quantitation of rhEPO glycosylation, which combines multiple-enzyme digestion, hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) enrichment of glycopeptides, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. 25080026 0 69 theme O-glycoforms 66:77 arg1 analysis 43:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis 0:50 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 0:114 Site-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N- and O-glycoforms in recombinant human erythropoietin. 25080026 6 70 theme sequences 1063:1071 arg1 determination 1038:1050 the simultaneous determination 1021:1050 the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions 1021:1098 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 6 71 gly glycopeptides 928:940 arg1 sites 966:970 four glycosylation sites 947:970 four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 947:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 6 71 gly glycopeptides 928:940 arg2 glycopeptides 928:940 74 intact glycopeptides 918:940 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 918:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 5 72 theme high-accuracy 849:861 arg1 spectrometry 876:887 high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry 829:887 spectrometry 876:887 The N-linked and O-linked intact glycopeptides were analyzed with high-resolution and high-accuracy (HR-AM) mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap. 25080026 1 73 used used 178:181 arg2 rhEPO 150:154 rhEPO 150:154 rhEPO 150:154 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 1 73 used used 178:181 arg2 product 203:209 a pharmaceutical product 186:209 a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia 186:229 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 1 73 used used 178:181 arg2 erythropoietin 134:147 Recombinant human erythropoietin 116:147 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) 116:155 Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been extensively used as a pharmaceutical product for treating anemia. 25080026 3 74 theme rhEPO 407:411 arg1 status 397:402 the glycosylation status 379:402 the glycosylation status of rhEPO 379:411 Characterization of the glycosylation status of rhEPO is of great importance for quality control. 25080026 6 75 from N24 975:977 arg1 sites 966:970 four glycosylation sites 947:970 four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 947:997 In total, 74 intact glycopeptides from four glycosylation sites at N24, N38, N83, and O126 were identified, with the simultaneous determination of peptide sequences and glycoform compositions. 25080026 3 76 theme glycosylation 383:395 arg1 status 397:402 the glycosylation status 379:402 the glycosylation status of rhEPO 379:411 Characterization of the glycosylation status of rhEPO is of great importance for quality control. 26105052 9 0 theme O-glycosylation 1123:1137 arg1 inhibitors 1139:1148 N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation inhibitors 1104:1148 N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation inhibitors 1104:1148 N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation inhibitors also inhibited the fusion and entry mediated by gB-MAG interaction. 26105052 10 1 theme fusion 1359:1364 arg1 low 1381:1383 low 1381:1383 low 1381:1383 Furthermore, gB with mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, did not associate with MAG, and the cell-cell fusion efficiency was low. 26105052 10 1 theme fusion 1359:1364 arg1 efficiency 1366:1375 the cell-cell fusion efficiency 1345:1375 the cell-cell fusion efficiency 1345:1375 Furthermore, gB with mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, did not associate with MAG, and the cell-cell fusion efficiency was low. 26105052 4 2 theme membrane 515:522 arg1 fusion 524:529 membrane fusion 515:529 membrane fusion 515:529 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) associates with MAG and mediates membrane fusion during VZV entry into host cells. 26105052 0 3 theme Cell-Cell 71:79 arg1 Fusion 81:86 Cell-Cell Fusion 71:86 Cell-Cell Fusion 71:86 Sialic Acids on Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B Are Required for Cell-Cell Fusion. 26105052 0 4 from Acids 7:11 arg1 B 52:52 Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B 16:52 Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B 16:52 Sialic Acids on Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B Are Required for Cell-Cell Fusion. 26105052 1 5 theme human 137:141 arg1 family 155:160 the human Herpesvirus family 133:160 the human Herpesvirus family 133:160 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles). 26105052 5 6 theme specific 648:655 arg1 ligand 657:662 the specific ligand 644:662 the specific ligand 644:662 The SA requirements of MAG when associating with its ligands vary depending on the specific ligand, but it is unclear whether the SAs on gB are involved in the association with MAG. 26105052 4 7 theme VZV 458:460 arg1 gB 478:479 gB 478:479 gB 478:479 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) associates with MAG and mediates membrane fusion during VZV entry into host cells. 26105052 4 7 theme VZV 458:460 arg1 B 475:475 VZV glycoprotein B 458:475 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) 458:480 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) associates with MAG and mediates membrane fusion during VZV entry into host cells. 26105052 5 8 theme MAG 588:590 arg1 requirements 572:583 The SA requirements 565:583 The SA requirements of MAG when associating with its ligands 565:624 The SA requirements of MAG when associating with its ligands vary depending on the specific ligand, but it is unclear whether the SAs on gB are involved in the association with MAG. 26105052 5 9 from SAs 695:697 arg1 gB 702:703 gB 702:703 gB 702:703 The SA requirements of MAG when associating with its ligands vary depending on the specific ligand, but it is unclear whether the SAs on gB are involved in the association with MAG. 26105052 10 10 theme asparagine 1280:1289 arg1 residues 1291:1298 asparagine residues 557 and 686 1280:1310 residues 1291:1298 Furthermore, gB with mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, did not associate with MAG, and the cell-cell fusion efficiency was low. 26105052 2 11 theme sensory 242:248 arg1 ganglia 250:256 sensory ganglia 242:256 sensory ganglia 242:256 VZV latently infects sensory ganglia and is also responsible for encephalomyelitis. 26105052 11 12 dep envelope 1411:1418 arg1 the 1401:1403 the 1401:1403 the 1401:1403 Fusion between the viral envelope and cellular membrane is essential for host cell entry by herpesviruses. 26105052 7 13 with MAG 882:884 arg1 mutation 899:906 a point mutation 891:906 a point mutation in the SA-binding site 891:929 MAG with a point mutation in the SA-binding site did not bind to gB and did not mediate cell-cell fusion or VZV entry. 26105052 6 14 from SAs 776:778 arg1 gB 783:784 gB 783:784 gB 783:784 In this study, we found that SAs on gB are essential for the association with MAG as well as for membrane fusion during VZV infection. 26105052 8 15 theme Cell-cell 1001:1009 arg1 fusion 1011:1016 Cell-cell fusion 1001:1016 Cell-cell fusion 1001:1016 Cell-cell fusion and VZV entry mediated by the gB-MAG interaction were blocked by sialidase treatment. 26105052 1 16 theme Herpesvirus 143:153 arg1 family 155:160 the human Herpesvirus family 133:160 the human Herpesvirus family 133:160 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles). 26105052 3 17 theme sialic 359:364 arg1 acid 366:369 sialic acid 359:369 sialic acid 359:369 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 10 18 dep residues 1291:1298 arg1 i.e. 1275:1278 i.e. 1275:1278 i.e. 1275:1278 Furthermore, gB with mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, did not associate with MAG, and the cell-cell fusion efficiency was low. 26105052 1 19 theme family 155:160 arg1 virus 106:110 Varicella-zoster virus 89:110 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) 89:116 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles). 26105052 1 19 theme family 155:160 arg1 member 123:128 a member 121:128 a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles) 121:218 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles). 26105052 10 20 gly N-glycosylation 1252:1266 arg2 sites 1268:1272 N-glycosylation sites 1252:1272 N-glycosylation sites 1252:1272 Furthermore, gB with mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, did not associate with MAG, and the cell-cell fusion efficiency was low. 26105052 11 21 theme viral 1405:1409 arg1 envelope 1411:1418 viral envelope 1405:1418 viral envelope 1405:1418 Fusion between the viral envelope and cellular membrane is essential for host cell entry by herpesviruses. 26105052 4 22 gly glycoprotein 462:473 arg1 glycoprotein 462:473 VZV glycoprotein B 458:475 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) 458:480 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) associates with MAG and mediates membrane fusion during VZV entry into host cells. 26105052 0 23 theme Sialic 0:5 arg1 Acids 7:11 Sialic Acids 0:11 Sialic Acids on Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B 0:52 Sialic Acids on Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B Are Required for Cell-Cell Fusion. 26105052 5 24 theme SA 569:570 arg1 requirements 572:583 The SA requirements 565:583 The SA requirements of MAG when associating with its ligands 565:624 The SA requirements of MAG when associating with its ligands vary depending on the specific ligand, but it is unclear whether the SAs on gB are involved in the association with MAG. 26105052 12 25 theme VZV 1578:1580 arg1 infection 1582:1590 MAG-mediated VZV infection 1565:1590 MAG-mediated VZV infection 1565:1590 Therefore, these results suggest that SAs on gB play important roles in MAG-mediated VZV infection. 26105052 1 26 theme Varicella-zoster 89:104 arg1 VZV 113:115 VZV 113:115 VZV 113:115 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles). 26105052 1 26 theme Varicella-zoster 89:104 arg1 virus 106:110 Varicella-zoster virus 89:110 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) 89:116 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles). 26105052 1 26 theme Varicella-zoster 89:104 arg1 member 123:128 a member 121:128 a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles) 121:218 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles). 26105052 11 27 theme cell 1464:1467 arg1 entry 1469:1473 host cell entry 1459:1473 host cell entry by herpesviruses 1459:1490 Fusion between the viral envelope and cellular membrane is essential for host cell entry by herpesviruses. 26105052 0 28 theme Varicella-Zoster 16:31 arg1 B 52:52 Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B 16:52 Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B 16:52 Sialic Acids on Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B Are Required for Cell-Cell Fusion. 26105052 7 29 theme SA-binding 915:924 arg1 site 926:929 the SA-binding site 911:929 the SA-binding site 911:929 MAG with a point mutation in the SA-binding site did not bind to gB and did not mediate cell-cell fusion or VZV entry. 26105052 10 30 theme N-glycosylation 1252:1266 arg1 sites 1268:1272 N-glycosylation sites 1252:1272 N-glycosylation sites 1252:1272 Furthermore, gB with mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, did not associate with MAG, and the cell-cell fusion efficiency was low. 26105052 8 31 theme VZV 1022:1024 arg1 entry 1026:1030 VZV entry 1022:1030 VZV entry 1022:1030 Cell-cell fusion and VZV entry mediated by the gB-MAG interaction were blocked by sialidase treatment. 26105052 6 32 with association 808:818 arg1 MAG 825:827 MAG 825:827 MAG 825:827 In this study, we found that SAs on gB are essential for the association with MAG as well as for membrane fusion during VZV infection. 26105052 8 33 theme sialidase 1083:1091 arg1 treatment 1093:1101 sialidase treatment 1083:1101 sialidase treatment 1083:1101 Cell-cell fusion and VZV entry mediated by the gB-MAG interaction were blocked by sialidase treatment. 26105052 0 34 theme Glycoprotein 39:50 arg1 B 52:52 Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B 16:52 Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B 16:52 Sialic Acids on Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B Are Required for Cell-Cell Fusion. 26105052 9 35 theme gB-MAG 1198:1203 arg1 interaction 1205:1215 gB-MAG interaction 1198:1215 gB-MAG interaction 1198:1215 N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation inhibitors also inhibited the fusion and entry mediated by gB-MAG interaction. 26105052 5 36 with association 725:735 arg1 MAG 742:744 MAG 742:744 MAG 742:744 The SA requirements of MAG when associating with its ligands vary depending on the specific ligand, but it is unclear whether the SAs on gB are involved in the association with MAG. 26105052 3 37 theme lectin 404:409 arg1 family 411:416 the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family 355:416 the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family 355:416 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 1 38 theme chicken 185:191 arg1 varicella 174:182 varicella 174:182 varicella (chicken pox) 174:196 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles). 26105052 1 38 theme chicken 185:191 arg1 pox 193:195 chicken pox 185:195 chicken pox 185:195 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the human Herpesvirus family that causes varicella (chicken pox) and zoster (shingles). 26105052 3 39 theme -binding 375:382 arg1 family 411:416 the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family 355:416 the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family 355:416 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 9 40 dep fusion 1169:1174 arg1 the 1165:1167 the 1165:1167 the 1165:1167 N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation inhibitors also inhibited the fusion and entry mediated by gB-MAG interaction. 26105052 0 41 theme Virus 33:37 arg1 B 52:52 Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B 16:52 Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B 16:52 Sialic Acids on Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein B Are Required for Cell-Cell Fusion. 26105052 7 42 theme VZV 990:992 arg1 entry 994:998 VZV entry 990:998 VZV entry 990:998 MAG with a point mutation in the SA-binding site did not bind to gB and did not mediate cell-cell fusion or VZV entry. 26105052 4 43 theme glycoprotein 462:473 arg1 gB 478:479 gB 478:479 gB 478:479 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) associates with MAG and mediates membrane fusion during VZV entry into host cells. 26105052 4 43 theme glycoprotein 462:473 arg1 B 475:475 VZV glycoprotein B 458:475 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) 458:480 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) associates with MAG and mediates membrane fusion during VZV entry into host cells. 26105052 3 44 theme family 411:416 arg1 member 345:350 a member 343:350 a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family 343:416 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 3 44 theme family 411:416 arg1 glycoprotein 323:334 Myelin-associated glycoprotein 305:334 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) 305:340 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 8 45 theme gB-MAG 1048:1053 arg1 interaction 1055:1065 the gB-MAG interaction 1044:1065 the gB-MAG interaction 1044:1065 Cell-cell fusion and VZV entry mediated by the gB-MAG interaction were blocked by sialidase treatment. 26105052 7 46 theme point 893:897 arg1 mutation 899:906 a point mutation 891:906 a point mutation in the SA-binding site 891:929 MAG with a point mutation in the SA-binding site did not bind to gB and did not mediate cell-cell fusion or VZV entry. 26105052 10 47 with gB 1231:1232 arg1 mutations 1239:1247 mutations 1239:1247 mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, 1239:1311 Furthermore, gB with mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, did not associate with MAG, and the cell-cell fusion efficiency was low. 26105052 3 48 dep -binding 375:382 arg1 acid 366:369 sialic acid 359:369 sialic acid 359:369 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 3 49 gly glycoprotein 323:334 arg1 member 345:350 a member 343:350 a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family 343:416 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 3 49 gly glycoprotein 323:334 arg1 MAG 337:339 MAG 337:339 MAG 337:339 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 3 49 gly glycoprotein 323:334 arg1 glycoprotein 323:334 Myelin-associated glycoprotein 305:334 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) 305:340 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 10 50 theme cell-cell 1349:1357 arg1 low 1381:1383 low 1381:1383 low 1381:1383 Furthermore, gB with mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, did not associate with MAG, and the cell-cell fusion efficiency was low. 26105052 10 50 theme cell-cell 1349:1357 arg1 efficiency 1366:1375 the cell-cell fusion efficiency 1345:1375 the cell-cell fusion efficiency 1345:1375 Furthermore, gB with mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, did not associate with MAG, and the cell-cell fusion efficiency was low. 26105052 3 51 theme neural 442:447 arg1 tissues 449:455 neural tissues 442:455 neural tissues 442:455 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 12 52 theme MAG-mediated 1565:1576 arg1 infection 1582:1590 MAG-mediated VZV infection 1565:1590 MAG-mediated VZV infection 1565:1590 Therefore, these results suggest that SAs on gB play important roles in MAG-mediated VZV infection. 26105052 12 53 from SAs 1531:1533 arg1 gB 1538:1539 gB 1538:1539 gB 1538:1539 Therefore, these results suggest that SAs on gB play important roles in MAG-mediated VZV infection. 26105052 7 54 theme cell-cell 970:978 arg1 fusion 980:985 cell-cell fusion 970:985 cell-cell fusion 970:985 MAG with a point mutation in the SA-binding site did not bind to gB and did not mediate cell-cell fusion or VZV entry. 26105052 6 55 theme membrane 844:851 arg1 fusion 853:858 membrane fusion 844:858 membrane fusion during VZV infection 844:879 In this study, we found that SAs on gB are essential for the association with MAG as well as for membrane fusion during VZV infection. 26105052 11 56 theme cellular 1424:1431 arg1 membrane 1433:1440 cellular membrane 1424:1440 cellular membrane 1424:1440 Fusion between the viral envelope and cellular membrane is essential for host cell entry by herpesviruses. 26105052 10 57 from mutations 1239:1247 arg1 sites 1268:1272 N-glycosylation sites 1252:1272 N-glycosylation sites 1252:1272 Furthermore, gB with mutations in N-glycosylation sites, i.e. asparagine residues 557 and 686, did not associate with MAG, and the cell-cell fusion efficiency was low. 26105052 12 58 theme important 1546:1554 arg1 roles 1556:1560 important roles 1546:1560 important roles 1546:1560 Therefore, these results suggest that SAs on gB play important roles in MAG-mediated VZV infection. 26105052 4 59 theme VZV 538:540 arg1 entry 542:546 VZV entry 538:546 VZV entry into host cells 538:562 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) associates with MAG and mediates membrane fusion during VZV entry into host cells. 26105052 9 60 theme N-glycosylation 1104:1118 arg1 inhibitors 1139:1148 N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation inhibitors 1104:1148 N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation inhibitors 1104:1148 N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation inhibitors also inhibited the fusion and entry mediated by gB-MAG interaction. 26105052 11 61 theme host 1459:1462 arg1 entry 1469:1473 host cell entry 1459:1473 host cell entry by herpesviruses 1459:1490 Fusion between the viral envelope and cellular membrane is essential for host cell entry by herpesviruses. 26105052 3 62 theme immunoglobulin-like 384:402 arg1 family 411:416 the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family 355:416 the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family 355:416 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 4 63 theme host 553:556 arg1 cells 558:562 host cells 553:562 host cells 553:562 VZV glycoprotein B (gB) associates with MAG and mediates membrane fusion during VZV entry into host cells. 26105052 3 64 theme Myelin-associated 305:321 arg1 member 345:350 a member 343:350 a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family 343:416 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 3 64 theme Myelin-associated 305:321 arg1 MAG 337:339 MAG 337:339 MAG 337:339 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 3 64 theme Myelin-associated 305:321 arg1 glycoprotein 323:334 Myelin-associated glycoprotein 305:334 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) 305:340 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family, is mainly expressed in neural tissues. 26105052 7 65 from mutation 899:906 arg1 site 926:929 the SA-binding site 911:929 the SA-binding site 911:929 MAG with a point mutation in the SA-binding site did not bind to gB and did not mediate cell-cell fusion or VZV entry. 26105052 6 66 theme VZV 867:869 arg1 infection 871:879 VZV infection 867:879 VZV infection 867:879 In this study, we found that SAs on gB are essential for the association with MAG as well as for membrane fusion during VZV infection. 27584813 5 0 link derived 877:883 arg1 sequence 895:902 the derived consensus sequence 873:902 the derived consensus sequence 873:902 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were predictably frequent across strains relative to the derived consensus sequence. 27584813 3 1 theme distinct 453:460 arg1 pressures 475:483 distinct evolutionary pressures 453:483 distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism 453:527 Derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. 27584813 4 2 theme M8 548:549 arg1 model 551:555 the M8 model 544:555 the M8 model 544:555 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 9 3 contain have 1534:1537 arg1 ASN154 1522:1527 ASN154 1522:1527 ASN154 1522:1527 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 9 3 contain have 1534:1537 arg1 selection 1463:1471 episodic diversifying selection 1441:1471 episodic diversifying selection 1441:1471 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 9 3 contain have 1534:1537 arg1 glycosylation 1491:1503 differential glycosylation 1478:1503 differential glycosylation 1478:1503 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 9 3 contain have 1534:1537 arg2 implications 1556:1567 major biological implications 1539:1567 major biological implications for ZIKV disease 1539:1584 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 9 3 contain have 1534:1537 arg1 diversity 1430:1438 SNP diversity 1426:1438 SNP diversity 1426:1438 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 2 4 theme strains 248:254 arg1 glycomes 212:219 glycomes 212:219 glycomes 212:219 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 2 4 theme strains 248:254 arg1 selectomes 226:235 selectomes 226:235 selectomes 226:235 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 2 4 theme strains 248:254 arg1 proteomes 201:209 the complete predicted proteomes 178:209 the complete predicted proteomes 178:209 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 1 5 theme Western 146:152 arg1 Hemisphere 154:163 the Western Hemisphere 142:163 the Western Hemisphere 142:163 Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for an ongoing and intensifying epidemic in the Western Hemisphere. 27584813 10 6 theme neuropathogenic 1741:1755 arg1 potential 1757:1765 the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential 1720:1765 the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV 1720:1773 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 2 7 from lineage 330:336 arg1 Americas 371:378 the Americas 367:378 the Americas 367:378 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 7 8 link N-linked 1176:1183 arg1 glycome 1185:1191 the N-linked glycome 1172:1191 the N-linked glycome 1172:1191 The predicted O-linked glycome showed marked diversity across strains; however, the N-linked glycome was highly stable. 27584813 7 8 link N-linked 1176:1183 arg1 stable 1204:1209 stable 1204:1209 stable 1204:1209 The predicted O-linked glycome showed marked diversity across strains; however, the N-linked glycome was highly stable. 27584813 5 9 theme relative 861:868 arg1 strains 853:859 strains 853:859 strains relative to the derived consensus sequence 853:902 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were predictably frequent across strains relative to the derived consensus sequence. 27584813 4 10 theme diversifying 589:600 arg1 selection 602:610 global diversifying selection 582:610 global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein 582:641 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 7 11 theme O-linked 1106:1113 arg1 glycome 1115:1121 The predicted O-linked glycome 1092:1121 The predicted O-linked glycome 1092:1121 The predicted O-linked glycome showed marked diversity across strains; however, the N-linked glycome was highly stable. 27584813 5 12 theme nucleotide 788:797 arg1 SNPs 814:817 SNPs 814:817 SNPs 814:817 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were predictably frequent across strains relative to the derived consensus sequence. 27584813 5 12 theme nucleotide 788:797 arg1 polymorphisms 799:811 Single nucleotide polymorphisms 781:811 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 781:818 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were predictably frequent across strains relative to the derived consensus sequence. 27584813 2 13 theme predicted 191:199 arg1 proteomes 201:209 the complete predicted proteomes 178:209 the complete predicted proteomes 178:209 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 9 14 theme episodic 1441:1448 arg1 selection 1463:1471 episodic diversifying selection 1441:1471 episodic diversifying selection 1441:1471 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 4 15 theme effect 661:666 arg1 model 668:672 a mixed effect model 653:672 a mixed effect model of evolution 653:685 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 10 16 theme further 1784:1790 arg1 divergence 1792:1801 b.) further divergence 1780:1801 b.) further divergence at specific sites 1780:1819 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 1 17 from Hemisphere 154:163 arg1 epidemic 130:137 epidemic 130:137 epidemic 130:137 Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for an ongoing and intensifying epidemic in the Western Hemisphere. 27584813 10 18 dep mediating 1710:1718 arg1 a. 1654:1655 a. 1654:1655 a. 1654:1655 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 7 19 theme N-linked 1176:1183 arg1 glycome 1185:1191 the N-linked glycome 1172:1191 the N-linked glycome 1172:1191 The predicted O-linked glycome showed marked diversity across strains; however, the N-linked glycome was highly stable. 27584813 7 19 theme N-linked 1176:1183 arg1 stable 1204:1209 stable 1204:1209 stable 1204:1209 The predicted O-linked glycome showed marked diversity across strains; however, the N-linked glycome was highly stable. 27584813 10 20 theme b. 1780:1781 arg1 divergence 1792:1801 b.) further divergence 1780:1801 b.) further divergence at specific sites 1780:1819 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 1 21 from epidemic 130:137 arg1 Hemisphere 154:163 the Western Hemisphere 142:163 the Western Hemisphere 142:163 Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for an ongoing and intensifying epidemic in the Western Hemisphere. 27584813 6 22 theme procedures 939:948 arg1 None 905:908 None 905:908 None of the 9 published detection procedures 905:948 None of the 9 published detection procedures utilize targets that share 100% identity across the 33 strains examined, indicating that ZIKV escape from molecular detection is predictable. 27584813 8 23 theme E 1295:1295 arg1 protein 1297:1303 E protein ASN154 1295:1310 E protein ASN154 1295:1310 All Asian and American strains examined were predicted to include glycosylation of E protein ASN154, a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism, whereas the modification was not predicted for African strains. 27584813 8 23 theme E 1295:1295 arg1 modification 1315:1326 a modification 1313:1326 a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism 1313:1359 All Asian and American strains examined were predicted to include glycosylation of E protein ASN154, a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism, whereas the modification was not predicted for African strains. 27584813 6 24 theme published 919:927 arg1 procedures 939:948 the 9 published detection procedures 913:948 the 9 published detection procedures 913:948 None of the 9 published detection procedures utilize targets that share 100% identity across the 33 strains examined, indicating that ZIKV escape from molecular detection is predictable. 27584813 2 25 theme current 347:353 arg1 outbreak 355:362 the current outbreak 343:362 the current outbreak in the Americas 343:378 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 10 26 theme biology 1615:1621 arg1 perspective 1623:1633 the systems biology perspective 1603:1633 the systems biology perspective of ZIKV 1603:1641 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 7 27 theme marked 1130:1135 arg1 diversity 1137:1145 marked diversity 1130:1145 marked diversity across strains 1130:1160 The predicted O-linked glycome showed marked diversity across strains; however, the N-linked glycome was highly stable. 27584813 5 28 theme consensus 885:893 arg1 sequence 895:902 the derived consensus sequence 873:902 the derived consensus sequence 873:902 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were predictably frequent across strains relative to the derived consensus sequence. 27584813 0 29 theme Systems 16:22 arg1 Approach 32:39 A Comprehensive Systems Biology Approach 0:39 A Comprehensive Systems Biology Approach 0:39 A Comprehensive Systems Biology Approach to Studying Zika Virus. 27584813 9 30 theme major 1539:1543 arg1 implications 1556:1567 major biological implications 1539:1567 major biological implications for ZIKV disease 1539:1584 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 3 31 theme selectome 408:416 arg1 approach 432:439 an 'omics' approach 421:439 an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism 421:527 Derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. 27584813 3 31 theme selectome 408:416 arg1 Derivation 381:390 Derivation 381:390 Derivation of the complete selectome 381:416 Derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. 27584813 7 32 theme predicted 1096:1104 arg1 glycome 1115:1121 The predicted O-linked glycome 1092:1121 The predicted O-linked glycome 1092:1121 The predicted O-linked glycome showed marked diversity across strains; however, the N-linked glycome was highly stable. 27584813 6 33 theme % 980:980 arg1 identity 982:989 100% identity 977:989 100% identity across the 33 strains examined 977:1020 None of the 9 published detection procedures utilize targets that share 100% identity across the 33 strains examined, indicating that ZIKV escape from molecular detection is predictable. 27584813 4 34 theme specific 765:772 arg1 sites 774:778 specific sites 765:778 specific sites 765:778 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 9 35 theme ZIKV 1573:1576 arg1 disease 1578:1584 ZIKV disease 1573:1584 ZIKV disease 1573:1584 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 2 36 from outbreak 355:362 arg1 Americas 371:378 the Americas 367:378 the Americas 367:378 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 6 37 from detection 1066:1074 arg1 escape 1044:1049 ZIKV escape 1039:1049 ZIKV escape from molecular detection 1039:1074 None of the 9 published detection procedures utilize targets that share 100% identity across the 33 strains examined, indicating that ZIKV escape from molecular detection is predictable. 27584813 2 38 theme African 303:309 arg1 lineage 311:317 the African lineage 299:317 the African lineage 299:317 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 4 39 theme model 551:555 arg1 Employment 530:539 Employment 530:539 Employment of the M8 model 530:555 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 4 40 theme diversifying 732:743 arg1 selection 745:753 episodic diversifying selection 723:753 episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites 723:778 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 3 41 theme evolutionary 462:473 arg1 pressures 475:483 distinct evolutionary pressures 453:483 distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism 453:527 Derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. 27584813 6 42 theme ZIKV 1039:1042 arg1 escape 1044:1049 ZIKV escape 1039:1049 ZIKV escape from molecular detection 1039:1074 None of the 9 published detection procedures utilize targets that share 100% identity across the 33 strains examined, indicating that ZIKV escape from molecular detection is predictable. 27584813 2 43 theme Asian 324:328 arg1 lineage 330:336 the Asian lineage 320:336 the Asian lineage 320:336 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 10 44 from sites 1815:1819 arg1 divergence 1792:1801 b.) further divergence 1780:1801 b.) further divergence at specific sites 1780:1819 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 3 45 theme different 495:503 arg1 features 505:512 different features 495:512 different features of an organism 495:527 Derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. 27584813 2 46 theme ZIKV 243:246 arg1 strains 248:254 33 ZIKV strains 240:254 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas 240:378 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 4 47 theme selection 602:610 arg1 evidence 570:577 evidence 570:577 evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein 570:641 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 10 48 theme new 1724:1726 arg1 potential 1757:1765 the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential 1720:1765 the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV 1720:1773 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 3 49 theme organism 520:527 arg1 features 505:512 different features 495:512 different features of an organism 495:527 Derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. 27584813 2 50 theme diverse 280:286 arg1 members 288:294 temporally diverse members 269:294 temporally diverse members of the African lineage 269:317 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 5 51 theme Single 781:786 arg1 SNPs 814:817 SNPs 814:817 SNPs 814:817 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were predictably frequent across strains relative to the derived consensus sequence. 27584813 5 51 theme Single 781:786 arg1 polymorphisms 799:811 Single nucleotide polymorphisms 781:811 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 781:818 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were predictably frequent across strains relative to the derived consensus sequence. 27584813 8 52 theme African 1409:1415 arg1 strains 1417:1423 African strains 1409:1423 African strains 1409:1423 All Asian and American strains examined were predicted to include glycosylation of E protein ASN154, a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism, whereas the modification was not predicted for African strains. 27584813 8 53 theme Asian 1216:1220 arg1 strains 1235:1241 All Asian and American strains 1212:1241 All Asian and American strains examined 1212:1250 All Asian and American strains examined were predicted to include glycosylation of E protein ASN154, a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism, whereas the modification was not predicted for African strains. 27584813 10 54 theme ZIKV 1770:1773 arg1 potential 1757:1765 the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential 1720:1765 the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV 1720:1773 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 8 55 theme American 1226:1233 arg1 strains 1235:1241 All Asian and American strains 1212:1241 All Asian and American strains examined 1212:1250 All Asian and American strains examined were predicted to include glycosylation of E protein ASN154, a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism, whereas the modification was not predicted for African strains. 27584813 7 56 link O-linked 1106:1113 arg1 glycome 1115:1121 The predicted O-linked glycome 1092:1121 The predicted O-linked glycome 1092:1121 The predicted O-linked glycome showed marked diversity across strains; however, the N-linked glycome was highly stable. 27584813 9 57 theme diversifying 1450:1461 arg1 selection 1463:1471 episodic diversifying selection 1441:1471 episodic diversifying selection 1441:1471 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 10 58 theme emerging 1732:1739 arg1 potential 1757:1765 the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential 1720:1765 the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV 1720:1773 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 6 59 theme 100 977:979 arg1 % 980:980 % 980:980 % 980:980 None of the 9 published detection procedures utilize targets that share 100% identity across the 33 strains examined, indicating that ZIKV escape from molecular detection is predictable. 27584813 4 60 theme mixed 655:659 arg1 model 668:672 a mixed effect model 653:672 a mixed effect model of evolution 653:685 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 3 61 theme omics 425:429 arg1 approach 432:439 an 'omics' approach 421:439 an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism 421:527 Derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. 27584813 3 61 theme omics 425:429 arg1 Derivation 381:390 Derivation 381:390 Derivation of the complete selectome 381:416 Derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. 27584813 4 62 theme ZIKV 626:629 arg1 polyprotein 631:641 the ZIKV polyprotein 622:641 the ZIKV polyprotein 622:641 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 9 63 theme differential 1478:1489 arg1 glycosylation 1491:1503 differential glycosylation 1478:1503 differential glycosylation 1478:1503 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 2 64 from members 288:294 arg1 Americas 371:378 the Americas 367:378 the Americas 367:378 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 6 65 theme detection 929:937 arg1 procedures 939:948 the 9 published detection procedures 913:948 the 9 published detection procedures 913:948 None of the 9 published detection procedures utilize targets that share 100% identity across the 33 strains examined, indicating that ZIKV escape from molecular detection is predictable. 27584813 4 66 theme strong 694:699 arg1 evidence 701:708 strong evidence 694:708 strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites 694:778 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 4 66 theme strong 694:699 arg1 P<0.05 711:716 P<0.05 711:716 P<0.05 711:716 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 1 67 theme Zika 65:68 arg1 ZIKV 77:80 ZIKV 77:80 ZIKV 77:80 Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for an ongoing and intensifying epidemic in the Western Hemisphere. 27584813 1 67 theme Zika 65:68 arg1 virus 70:74 Zika virus 65:74 Zika virus (ZIKV) 65:81 Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for an ongoing and intensifying epidemic in the Western Hemisphere. 27584813 8 68 theme protein 1297:1303 arg1 glycosylation 1278:1290 glycosylation 1278:1290 glycosylation of E protein ASN154, a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism 1278:1359 All Asian and American strains examined were predicted to include glycosylation of E protein ASN154, a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism, whereas the modification was not predicted for African strains. 27584813 10 69 theme systems 1607:1613 arg1 perspective 1623:1633 the systems biology perspective 1603:1633 the systems biology perspective of ZIKV 1603:1641 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 0 70 theme Comprehensive 2:14 arg1 Approach 32:39 A Comprehensive Systems Biology Approach 0:39 A Comprehensive Systems Biology Approach 0:39 A Comprehensive Systems Biology Approach to Studying Zika Virus. 27584813 8 71 gly glycosylation 1278:1290 arg1 protein 1297:1303 E protein ASN154 1295:1310 E protein ASN154 1295:1310 All Asian and American strains examined were predicted to include glycosylation of E protein ASN154, a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism, whereas the modification was not predicted for African strains. 27584813 8 71 gly glycosylation 1278:1290 arg1 modification 1315:1326 a modification 1313:1326 a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism 1313:1359 All Asian and American strains examined were predicted to include glycosylation of E protein ASN154, a modification proposed to mediate neurotropism, whereas the modification was not predicted for African strains. 27584813 5 72 theme derived 877:883 arg1 sequence 895:902 the derived consensus sequence 873:902 the derived consensus sequence 873:902 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were predictably frequent across strains relative to the derived consensus sequence. 27584813 0 73 theme Biology 24:30 arg1 Approach 32:39 A Comprehensive Systems Biology Approach 0:39 A Comprehensive Systems Biology Approach 0:39 A Comprehensive Systems Biology Approach to Studying Zika Virus. 27584813 4 74 theme evolution 677:685 arg1 model 668:672 a mixed effect model 653:672 a mixed effect model of evolution 653:685 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 10 75 theme ZIKV 1638:1641 arg1 perspective 1623:1633 the systems biology perspective 1603:1633 the systems biology perspective of ZIKV 1603:1641 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 9 76 theme SNP 1426:1428 arg1 diversity 1430:1438 SNP diversity 1426:1438 SNP diversity 1426:1438 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 9 77 theme biological 1545:1554 arg1 implications 1556:1567 major biological implications 1539:1567 major biological implications for ZIKV disease 1539:1584 SNP diversity, episodic diversifying selection, and differential glycosylation, particularly of ASN154, may have major biological implications for ZIKV disease. 27584813 10 78 theme specific 1806:1813 arg1 sites 1815:1819 specific sites 1806:1819 specific sites 1806:1819 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 0 79 theme Zika 53:56 arg1 Virus 58:62 Zika Virus 53:62 Zika Virus 53:62 A Comprehensive Systems Biology Approach to Studying Zika Virus. 27584813 2 80 theme complete 182:189 arg1 proteomes 201:209 the complete predicted proteomes 178:209 the complete predicted proteomes 178:209 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 2 81 theme lineage 311:317 arg1 lineage 330:336 the Asian lineage 320:336 the Asian lineage 320:336 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 2 81 theme lineage 311:317 arg1 outbreak 355:362 the current outbreak 343:362 the current outbreak in the Americas 343:378 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 2 81 theme lineage 311:317 arg1 members 288:294 temporally diverse members 269:294 temporally diverse members of the African lineage 269:317 We examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 ZIKV strains representing temporally diverse members of the African lineage, the Asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the Americas. 27584813 6 82 theme molecular 1056:1064 arg1 detection 1066:1074 molecular detection 1056:1074 molecular detection 1056:1074 None of the 9 published detection procedures utilize targets that share 100% identity across the 33 strains examined, indicating that ZIKV escape from molecular detection is predictable. 27584813 4 83 theme global 582:587 arg1 selection 602:610 global diversifying selection 582:610 global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein 582:641 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 10 84 theme emergent 1671:1678 arg1 N-glycotype 1695:1705 The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype 1658:1705 The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype 1658:1705 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27584813 3 85 theme complete 399:406 arg1 selectome 408:416 the complete selectome 395:416 the complete selectome 395:416 Derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. 27584813 4 86 theme episodic 723:730 arg1 selection 745:753 episodic diversifying selection 723:753 episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites 723:778 Employment of the M8 model did not show evidence of global diversifying selection acting on the ZIKV polyprotein; however, a mixed effect model of evolution showed strong evidence (P<0.05) for episodic diversifying selection acting on specific sites. 27584813 10 87 theme Asian/American 1680:1693 arg1 N-glycotype 1695:1705 The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype 1658:1705 The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype 1658:1705 Taken together, the systems biology perspective of ZIKV indicates: a.) The recently emergent Asian/American N-glycotype is mediating the new and emerging neuropathogenic potential of ZIKV; and b.) further divergence at specific sites is predictable as endemnicity is established in the Americas. 27172767 0 0 theme Smart 50:54 arg1 Polymer 56:62 Smart Polymer 50:62 Smart Polymer 50:62 Bioinspired Saccharide-Saccharide Interaction and Smart Polymer for Specific Enrichment of Sialylated Glycopeptides. 27172767 4 1 theme saccharide-saccharide 561:581 arg1 interactions 583:594 the saccharide-saccharide interactions 557:594 the saccharide-saccharide interactions in life systems 557:610 Inspired by the saccharide-saccharide interactions in life systems, here we introduce saccharide-based SG receptors into this study. 27172767 2 2 gly sialylated 323:332 arg1 SGs 349:351 SGs 349:351 SGs 349:351 However, this study is challenging owing to the difficulty in enriching trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) from highly complex biosamples. 27172767 2 2 gly sialylated 323:332 arg1 glycopeptides 334:346 trace sialylated glycopeptides 317:346 trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) 317:352 However, this study is challenging owing to the difficulty in enriching trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) from highly complex biosamples. 27172767 7 3 theme 500-fold 1125:1132 arg1 interference 1134:1145 500-fold interference 1125:1145 500-fold interference 1125:1145 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 6 4 theme saccharide-responsive 824:844 arg1 SRSC 863:866 SRSC 863:866 SRSC 863:866 Integrating allose units into a polyacrylamide chain generates a saccharide-responsive smart copolymer (SRSC). 27172767 6 4 theme saccharide-responsive 824:844 arg1 copolymer 852:860 a saccharide-responsive smart copolymer 822:860 a saccharide-responsive smart copolymer (SRSC) 822:867 Integrating allose units into a polyacrylamide chain generates a saccharide-responsive smart copolymer (SRSC). 27172767 2 5 theme complex 366:372 arg1 biosamples 374:383 highly complex biosamples 359:383 highly complex biosamples 359:383 However, this study is challenging owing to the difficulty in enriching trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) from highly complex biosamples. 27172767 11 6 link O-linked 1705:1712 arg1 SGs 1726:1728 O-linked or N-linked SGs 1705:1728 O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans 1705:1778 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 3 7 from moieties 502:509 arg1 manner 537:542 a specific and tunable manner 514:542 a specific and tunable manner 514:542 The key to solving this problem relies strongly on the design of novel SG receptors to capture the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner. 27172767 3 8 theme tunable 529:535 arg1 manner 537:542 a specific and tunable manner 514:542 a specific and tunable manner 514:542 The key to solving this problem relies strongly on the design of novel SG receptors to capture the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner. 27172767 7 9 theme Such 870:873 arg1 design 875:880 Such design 870:880 Such design 870:880 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 10 10 from material 1595:1602 arg1 discrimination 1614:1627 glycan discrimination 1607:1627 glycan discrimination 1607:1627 Furthermore, lactose displays good chemoselectivity toward diverse disaccharides, which indicated the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination. 27172767 11 11 theme lactose-based 1648:1660 arg1 SRSC 1662:1665 the lactose-based SRSC 1644:1665 the lactose-based SRSC 1644:1665 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 6 12 theme polyacrylamide 791:804 arg1 chain 806:810 a polyacrylamide chain 789:810 a polyacrylamide chain 789:810 Integrating allose units into a polyacrylamide chain generates a saccharide-responsive smart copolymer (SRSC). 27172767 3 13 theme specific 516:523 arg1 manner 537:542 a specific and tunable manner 514:542 a specific and tunable manner 514:542 The key to solving this problem relies strongly on the design of novel SG receptors to capture the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner. 27172767 11 14 with SGs 1726:1728 arg1 sequence 1752:1759 the same peptide sequence 1735:1759 the same peptide sequence 1735:1759 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 11 14 with SGs 1726:1728 arg1 glycans 1772:1778 varied glycans 1765:1778 varied glycans 1765:1778 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 8 15 theme HeLa 1256:1259 arg1 lysates 1266:1272 HeLa cell lysates 1256:1272 HeLa cell lysates 1256:1272 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 8 16 theme lysates 1266:1272 arg1 biosamples 1242:1251 real biosamples 1237:1251 real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates 1237:1272 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 10 17 theme good 1563:1566 arg1 potential 1568:1576 the good potential 1559:1576 the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination 1559:1627 Furthermore, lactose displays good chemoselectivity toward diverse disaccharides, which indicated the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination. 27172767 11 18 theme CH3CN/H2O 1783:1791 arg1 gradients 1793:1801 CH3CN/H2O gradients 1783:1801 CH3CN/H2O gradients 1783:1801 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 7 19 theme high-performance 1065:1080 arg1 result 1043:1048 a result 1041:1048 a result 1041:1048 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 7 19 theme high-performance 1065:1080 arg1 capacity 1093:1100 high-performance enrichment capacity 1065:1100 high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs 1065:1111 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 2 20 theme trace 317:321 arg1 SGs 349:351 SGs 349:351 SGs 349:351 However, this study is challenging owing to the difficulty in enriching trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) from highly complex biosamples. 27172767 2 20 theme trace 317:321 arg1 glycopeptides 334:346 trace sialylated glycopeptides 317:346 trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) 317:352 However, this study is challenging owing to the difficulty in enriching trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) from highly complex biosamples. 27172767 1 21 theme neurodegenerative 217:233 arg1 diseases 235:242 neurodegenerative diseases 217:242 neurodegenerative diseases 217:242 Abnormal sialylation of proteins is highly associated with many major diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 27172767 4 22 theme SG 648:649 arg1 receptors 651:659 saccharide-based SG receptors 631:659 saccharide-based SG receptors 631:659 Inspired by the saccharide-saccharide interactions in life systems, here we introduce saccharide-based SG receptors into this study. 27172767 10 23 theme glycan 1607:1612 arg1 discrimination 1614:1627 glycan discrimination 1607:1627 glycan discrimination 1607:1627 Furthermore, lactose displays good chemoselectivity toward diverse disaccharides, which indicated the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination. 27172767 5 24 theme specific 713:720 arg1 binding 739:745 specific and pH-sensitive binding 713:745 specific and pH-sensitive binding 713:745 Allose (a monosaccharide) displays specific and pH-sensitive binding toward SAs. 27172767 8 25 theme glycosylation 1290:1302 arg1 sites 1304:1308 180 sialylated glycosylation sites 1275:1308 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) 1275:1315 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 8 25 theme glycosylation 1290:1302 arg1 SGSs 1311:1314 SGSs 1311:1314 SGSs 1311:1314 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 10 26 theme material 1595:1602 arg1 potential 1568:1576 the good potential 1559:1576 the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination 1559:1627 Furthermore, lactose displays good chemoselectivity toward diverse disaccharides, which indicated the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination. 27172767 11 27 theme peptide 1744:1750 arg1 sequence 1752:1759 the same peptide sequence 1735:1759 the same peptide sequence 1735:1759 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 7 28 theme large 996:1000 arg1 extent 1002:1007 a large extent 994:1007 a large extent 994:1007 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 8 29 gly sialylated 1279:1288 arg1 sites 1304:1308 180 sialylated glycosylation sites 1275:1308 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) 1275:1315 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 8 29 gly sialylated 1279:1288 arg1 SGSs 1311:1314 SGSs 1311:1314 SGSs 1311:1314 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 1 30 theme many 176:179 arg1 cancers 205:211 cancers 205:211 cancers 205:211 Abnormal sialylation of proteins is highly associated with many major diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 27172767 1 30 theme many 176:179 arg1 diseases 235:242 neurodegenerative diseases 217:242 neurodegenerative diseases 217:242 Abnormal sialylation of proteins is highly associated with many major diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 27172767 1 30 theme many 176:179 arg1 diseases 187:194 many major diseases 176:194 many major diseases 176:194 Abnormal sialylation of proteins is highly associated with many major diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 27172767 0 31 theme Sialylated 91:100 arg1 Glycopeptides 102:114 Sialylated Glycopeptides 91:114 Sialylated Glycopeptides 91:114 Bioinspired Saccharide-Saccharide Interaction and Smart Polymer for Specific Enrichment of Sialylated Glycopeptides. 27172767 4 32 from interactions 583:594 arg1 systems 604:610 life systems 599:610 life systems 599:610 Inspired by the saccharide-saccharide interactions in life systems, here we introduce saccharide-based SG receptors into this study. 27172767 12 33 gly glycopeptide 1857:1868 arg2 glycopeptide 1857:1868 glycopeptide enrichment materials 1857:1889 glycopeptide enrichment materials 1857:1889 This study opens a new avenue for next generation of glycopeptide enrichment materials. 27172767 1 34 gly sialylation 126:136 arg1 proteins 141:148 proteins 141:148 proteins 141:148 Abnormal sialylation of proteins is highly associated with many major diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 27172767 1 35 theme Abnormal 117:124 arg1 sialylation 126:136 Abnormal sialylation 117:136 Abnormal sialylation of proteins 117:148 Abnormal sialylation of proteins is highly associated with many major diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 27172767 7 36 theme digests 1172:1178 arg1 interference 1134:1145 500-fold interference 1125:1145 500-fold interference 1125:1145 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 11 37 theme O-linked 1705:1712 arg1 SGs 1726:1728 O-linked or N-linked SGs 1705:1728 O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans 1705:1778 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 3 38 theme SG 457:458 arg1 receptors 460:468 novel SG receptors 451:468 novel SG receptors 451:468 The key to solving this problem relies strongly on the design of novel SG receptors to capture the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner. 27172767 7 39 theme serum 1157:1161 arg1 digests 1172:1178 bovine serum albumins digests 1150:1178 bovine serum albumins digests 1150:1178 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 12 40 theme enrichment 1870:1879 arg1 materials 1881:1889 glycopeptide enrichment materials 1857:1889 glycopeptide enrichment materials 1857:1889 This study opens a new avenue for next generation of glycopeptide enrichment materials. 27172767 10 41 theme good 1491:1494 arg1 chemoselectivity 1496:1511 good chemoselectivity 1491:1511 good chemoselectivity 1491:1511 Furthermore, lactose displays good chemoselectivity toward diverse disaccharides, which indicated the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination. 27172767 3 42 theme acid 492:495 arg1 moieties 502:509 the sialic acid (SA) moieties 481:509 the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner 481:542 The key to solving this problem relies strongly on the design of novel SG receptors to capture the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner. 27172767 12 43 theme new 1823:1825 arg1 avenue 1827:1832 a new avenue 1821:1832 a new avenue for next generation of glycopeptide enrichment materials 1821:1889 This study opens a new avenue for next generation of glycopeptide enrichment materials. 27172767 12 44 theme next 1838:1841 arg1 generation 1843:1852 next generation 1838:1852 next generation of glycopeptide enrichment materials 1838:1889 This study opens a new avenue for next generation of glycopeptide enrichment materials. 27172767 4 45 theme life 599:602 arg1 systems 604:610 life systems 599:610 life systems 599:610 Inspired by the saccharide-saccharide interactions in life systems, here we introduce saccharide-based SG receptors into this study. 27172767 2 46 gly glycopeptides 334:346 arg2 SGs 349:351 SGs 349:351 SGs 349:351 However, this study is challenging owing to the difficulty in enriching trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) from highly complex biosamples. 27172767 2 46 gly glycopeptides 334:346 arg2 glycopeptides 334:346 trace sialylated glycopeptides 317:346 trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) 317:352 However, this study is challenging owing to the difficulty in enriching trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) from highly complex biosamples. 27172767 11 47 theme N-linked 1717:1724 arg1 SGs 1726:1728 O-linked or N-linked SGs 1705:1728 O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans 1705:1778 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 7 48 theme SA 924:925 arg1 binding 927:933 SA binding 924:933 SA binding 924:933 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 10 49 from potential 1568:1576 arg1 discrimination 1614:1627 glycan discrimination 1607:1627 glycan discrimination 1607:1627 Furthermore, lactose displays good chemoselectivity toward diverse disaccharides, which indicated the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination. 27172767 7 50 theme conventional 1210:1221 arg1 materials 1223:1231 conventional materials 1210:1231 conventional materials 1210:1231 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 9 51 theme SA-binding 1399:1408 arg1 lectins 1410:1416 SA-binding lectins 1399:1416 SA-binding lectins including WGA (18 SGSs) and SNA (22 SGSs) 1399:1458 This is apparently superior to those obtained by SA-binding lectins including WGA (18 SGSs) and SNA (22 SGSs). 27172767 9 51 theme SA-binding 1399:1408 arg1 WGA 1428:1430 WGA 1428:1430 WGA (18 SGSs) 1428:1440 This is apparently superior to those obtained by SA-binding lectins including WGA (18 SGSs) and SNA (22 SGSs). 27172767 9 51 theme SA-binding 1399:1408 arg1 SNA 1446:1448 SNA 1446:1448 SNA (22 SGSs) 1446:1458 This is apparently superior to those obtained by SA-binding lectins including WGA (18 SGSs) and SNA (22 SGSs). 27172767 7 52 dep pH. 1034:1036 arg1 exhibits 1056:1063 exhibits 1056:1063 exhibits 1056:1063 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 10 53 from discrimination 1614:1627 arg1 potential 1568:1576 the good potential 1559:1576 the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination 1559:1627 Furthermore, lactose displays good chemoselectivity toward diverse disaccharides, which indicated the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination. 27172767 8 54 theme real 1237:1240 arg1 biosamples 1242:1251 real biosamples 1237:1251 real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates 1237:1272 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 10 55 theme lactose-based 1581:1593 arg1 material 1595:1602 lactose-based material 1581:1602 lactose-based material in glycan discrimination 1581:1627 Furthermore, lactose displays good chemoselectivity toward diverse disaccharides, which indicated the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination. 27172767 7 56 theme enrichment 1082:1091 arg1 result 1043:1048 a result 1041:1048 a result 1041:1048 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 7 56 theme enrichment 1082:1091 arg1 capacity 1093:1100 high-performance enrichment capacity 1065:1100 high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs 1065:1111 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 7 57 dep improves 896:903 arg1 meanwhile 936:944 meanwhile 936:944 meanwhile 936:944 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 2 58 theme sialylated 323:332 arg1 SGs 349:351 SGs 349:351 SGs 349:351 However, this study is challenging owing to the difficulty in enriching trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) from highly complex biosamples. 27172767 2 58 theme sialylated 323:332 arg1 glycopeptides 334:346 trace sialylated glycopeptides 317:346 trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) 317:352 However, this study is challenging owing to the difficulty in enriching trace sialylated glycopeptides (SGs) from highly complex biosamples. 27172767 8 59 theme cell 1261:1264 arg1 lysates 1266:1272 HeLa cell lysates 1256:1272 HeLa cell lysates 1256:1272 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 5 60 theme pH-sensitive 726:737 arg1 binding 739:745 specific and pH-sensitive binding 713:745 specific and pH-sensitive binding 713:745 Allose (a monosaccharide) displays specific and pH-sensitive binding toward SAs. 27172767 4 61 theme saccharide-based 631:646 arg1 receptors 651:659 saccharide-based SG receptors 631:659 saccharide-based SG receptors 631:659 Inspired by the saccharide-saccharide interactions in life systems, here we introduce saccharide-based SG receptors into this study. 27172767 1 62 theme proteins 141:148 arg1 sialylation 126:136 Abnormal sialylation 117:136 Abnormal sialylation of proteins 117:148 Abnormal sialylation of proteins is highly associated with many major diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 27172767 8 63 theme sialylated 1279:1288 arg1 sites 1304:1308 180 sialylated glycosylation sites 1275:1308 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) 1275:1315 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 8 63 theme sialylated 1279:1288 arg1 SGSs 1311:1314 SGSs 1311:1314 SGSs 1311:1314 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 7 64 theme solution 1012:1019 arg1 polarity 1021:1028 solution polarity 1012:1028 solution polarity 1012:1028 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 7 65 dep meanwhile 936:944 arg1 triggered 981:989 triggered 981:989 can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials 960:1231 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 11 66 theme same 1739:1742 arg1 sequence 1752:1759 the same peptide sequence 1735:1759 the same peptide sequence 1735:1759 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 0 67 theme Glycopeptides 102:114 arg1 Enrichment 77:86 Specific Enrichment 68:86 Specific Enrichment of Sialylated Glycopeptides 68:114 Bioinspired Saccharide-Saccharide Interaction and Smart Polymer for Specific Enrichment of Sialylated Glycopeptides. 27172767 8 68 gly glycosylation 1290:1302 arg2 180 1275:1277 180 1275:1277 180 1275:1277 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 8 68 gly glycosylation 1290:1302 arg2 SGSs 1311:1314 SGSs 1311:1314 SGSs 1311:1314 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 8 68 gly glycosylation 1290:1302 arg2 sites 1304:1308 180 sialylated glycosylation sites 1275:1308 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) 1275:1315 In real biosamples of HeLa cell lysates, 180 sialylated glycosylation sites (SGSs) have been identified using SRSC. 27172767 1 69 theme major 181:185 arg1 cancers 205:211 cancers 205:211 cancers 205:211 Abnormal sialylation of proteins is highly associated with many major diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 27172767 1 69 theme major 181:185 arg1 diseases 235:242 neurodegenerative diseases 217:242 neurodegenerative diseases 217:242 Abnormal sialylation of proteins is highly associated with many major diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 27172767 1 69 theme major 181:185 arg1 diseases 187:194 many major diseases 176:194 many major diseases 176:194 Abnormal sialylation of proteins is highly associated with many major diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 27172767 11 70 theme varied 1765:1770 arg1 glycans 1772:1778 varied glycans 1765:1778 varied glycans 1765:1778 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 3 71 theme novel 451:455 arg1 receptors 460:468 novel SG receptors 451:468 novel SG receptors 451:468 The key to solving this problem relies strongly on the design of novel SG receptors to capture the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner. 27172767 0 72 theme Saccharide-Saccharide 12:32 arg1 Interaction 34:44 Saccharide-Saccharide Interaction 12:44 Saccharide-Saccharide Interaction 12:44 Bioinspired Saccharide-Saccharide Interaction and Smart Polymer for Specific Enrichment of Sialylated Glycopeptides. 27172767 7 73 theme albumins 1163:1170 arg1 digests 1172:1178 bovine serum albumins digests 1150:1178 bovine serum albumins digests 1150:1178 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 12 74 theme glycopeptide 1857:1868 arg1 materials 1881:1889 glycopeptide enrichment materials 1857:1889 glycopeptide enrichment materials 1857:1889 This study opens a new avenue for next generation of glycopeptide enrichment materials. 27172767 7 75 theme bovine 1150:1155 arg1 digests 1172:1178 bovine serum albumins digests 1150:1178 bovine serum albumins digests 1150:1178 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 12 76 theme materials 1881:1889 arg1 generation 1843:1852 next generation 1838:1852 next generation of glycopeptide enrichment materials 1838:1889 This study opens a new avenue for next generation of glycopeptide enrichment materials. 27172767 11 77 theme stepwise 1683:1690 arg1 isolation 1692:1700 the stepwise isolation 1679:1700 the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans 1679:1778 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 6 78 theme allose 771:776 arg1 units 778:782 allose units 771:782 allose units 771:782 Integrating allose units into a polyacrylamide chain generates a saccharide-responsive smart copolymer (SRSC). 27172767 3 79 theme receptors 460:468 arg1 design 441:446 the design 437:446 the design of novel SG receptors 437:468 The key to solving this problem relies strongly on the design of novel SG receptors to capture the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner. 27172767 0 80 theme Specific 68:75 arg1 Enrichment 77:86 Specific Enrichment 68:86 Specific Enrichment of Sialylated Glycopeptides 68:114 Bioinspired Saccharide-Saccharide Interaction and Smart Polymer for Specific Enrichment of Sialylated Glycopeptides. 27172767 11 81 theme SGs 1726:1728 arg1 isolation 1692:1700 the stepwise isolation 1679:1700 the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans 1679:1778 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 7 82 theme binding 927:933 arg1 selectivity 909:919 the selectivity 905:919 the selectivity of SA binding 905:933 Such design significantly improves the selectivity of SA binding; meanwhile, this binding can be intelligently triggered in a large extent by solution polarity and pH. As a result, SRSC exhibits high-performance enrichment capacity toward SGs, even under 500-fold interference of bovine serum albumins digests, which is notably higher than conventional materials. 27172767 11 83 link N-linked 1717:1724 arg1 SGs 1726:1728 O-linked or N-linked SGs 1705:1728 O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans 1705:1778 Subsequently, the lactose-based SRSC facilitates the stepwise isolation of O-linked or N-linked SGs with the same peptide sequence but varied glycans by CH3CN/H2O gradients. 27172767 3 84 theme sialic 485:490 arg1 acid 492:495 sialic acid 485:495 the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner 481:542 The key to solving this problem relies strongly on the design of novel SG receptors to capture the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner. 27172767 3 84 theme sialic 485:490 arg1 SA 498:499 SA 498:499 SA 498:499 The key to solving this problem relies strongly on the design of novel SG receptors to capture the sialic acid (SA) moieties in a specific and tunable manner. 27172767 6 85 theme smart 846:850 arg1 SRSC 863:866 SRSC 863:866 SRSC 863:866 Integrating allose units into a polyacrylamide chain generates a saccharide-responsive smart copolymer (SRSC). 27172767 6 85 theme smart 846:850 arg1 copolymer 852:860 a saccharide-responsive smart copolymer 822:860 a saccharide-responsive smart copolymer (SRSC) 822:867 Integrating allose units into a polyacrylamide chain generates a saccharide-responsive smart copolymer (SRSC). 27172767 10 86 theme diverse 1520:1526 arg1 disaccharides 1528:1540 diverse disaccharides 1520:1540 diverse disaccharides 1520:1540 Furthermore, lactose displays good chemoselectivity toward diverse disaccharides, which indicated the good potential of lactose-based material in glycan discrimination. 26645038 0 0 with virus 94:98 arg1 duplication 111:121 60 bp duplication 105:121 60 bp duplication 105:121 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 2 1 theme hRSV 329:332 arg1 protein 318:324 The G protein 312:324 The G protein of hRSV 312:332 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 2 1 theme hRSV 329:332 arg1 glycoprotein 356:367 the trans-membrane glycoprotein 337:367 the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell 337:431 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 1 2 theme acute 241:245 arg1 infection 271:279 acute lower respiratory tract infection 241:279 acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 241:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 11 3 theme BA 1386:1387 arg1 viruses 1389:1395 the BA viruses 1382:1395 the BA viruses from different regions of the world 1382:1431 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 9 4 theme selection 1156:1164 arg1 pressure 1166:1173 negative selection pressure 1147:1173 negative selection pressure 1147:1173 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 1 5 theme respiratory 253:263 arg1 tract 265:269 lower respiratory tract 247:269 acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 241:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 6 from infants 284:290 arg1 virus 191:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus 163:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) 163:202 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 6 from infants 284:290 arg1 pathogen 229:236 the most common viral pathogen 207:236 the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 207:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 11 7 theme genotype 1528:1535 arg1 pattern 1502:1508 evolutionary pattern 1489:1508 evolutionary pattern 1489:1508 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 11 7 theme genotype 1528:1535 arg1 spread 1478:1483 rapid global spread 1465:1483 rapid global spread 1465:1483 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 1 8 theme syncytial 181:189 arg1 virus 191:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus 163:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) 163:202 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 8 theme syncytial 181:189 arg1 pathogen 229:236 the most common viral pathogen 207:236 the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 207:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 8 theme syncytial 181:189 arg1 hRSV 198:201 hRSV 198:201 hRSV 198:201 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 2 9 with attachment 393:402 arg1 cell 428:431 the host cell 419:431 the host cell 419:431 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 1 10 from infection 271:279 arg1 infants 284:290 infants 284:290 infants 284:290 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 10 from infection 271:279 arg1 children 302:309 young children 296:309 young children 296:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 9 11 theme acid 1185:1188 arg1 change 1190:1195 amino acid change 1179:1195 amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein 1179:1235 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 11 12 theme pattern 1502:1508 arg1 basis 1452:1456 the basis 1448:1456 the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype 1448:1535 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 0 13 theme New 128:130 arg1 Delhi 132:136 New Delhi 128:136 New Delhi 128:136 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 11 14 from investigations 1364:1377 arg1 regions 1412:1418 different regions 1402:1418 different regions of the world 1402:1431 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 3 15 theme protein 533:539 arg1 gene 541:544 the G protein gene 527:544 the G protein gene in the present investigation 527:573 The nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to RT-PCR for the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation. 26645038 11 16 theme world 1427:1431 arg1 regions 1412:1418 different regions 1402:1418 different regions of the world 1402:1431 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 7 17 located observed 924:931 arg1 region 966:971 the deduced 93-100 amino acid region 936:971 the deduced 93-100 amino acid region 936:971 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 7 17 located observed 924:931 arg2 sites 913:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 9 18 theme analyzed 1204:1211 arg1 region 1213:1218 the analyzed region 1200:1218 the analyzed region of the G protein 1200:1235 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 1 19 from pathogen 229:236 arg1 infants 284:290 infants 284:290 infants 284:290 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 19 from pathogen 229:236 arg1 children 302:309 young children 296:309 young children 296:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 3 20 theme present 553:559 arg1 investigation 561:573 the present investigation 549:573 the present investigation 549:573 The nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to RT-PCR for the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation. 26645038 7 21 theme acid 961:964 arg1 region 966:971 the deduced 93-100 amino acid region 936:971 the deduced 93-100 amino acid region 936:971 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 11 22 dep spread 1478:1483 arg1 the 1461:1463 the 1461:1463 the 1461:1463 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 10 23 from information 1273:1283 arg1 strains 1300:1306 circulating strains 1288:1306 circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India 1288:1343 The present investigation provides information on circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India. 26645038 9 24 theme G 1227:1227 arg1 protein 1229:1235 the G protein 1223:1235 the G protein 1223:1235 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 5 25 dep sequences 693:701 arg1 clustered 711:719 clustered 711:719 sequences further clustered in BA-9, BA-7, BA-10 and BA-12 subgroups within the BA genotype 693:783 The study sequences further clustered in BA-9, BA-7, BA-10 and BA-12 subgroups within the BA genotype. 26645038 4 26 theme BA 670:671 arg1 genotype 673:680 the BA genotype 666:680 the BA genotype 666:680 Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the study strains clustered within the BA genotype. 26645038 7 27 link N-linked 890:897 arg1 sites 913:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 0 28 theme human 66:70 arg1 virus 94:98 human respiratory syncytial virus 66:98 human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi 66:136 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 0 28 theme human 66:70 arg1 India 139:143 India 139:143 India 139:143 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 3 29 from region 517:522 arg1 investigation 561:573 the present investigation 549:573 the present investigation 549:573 The nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to RT-PCR for the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation. 26645038 0 30 theme syncytial 84:92 arg1 virus 94:98 human respiratory syncytial virus 66:98 human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi 66:136 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 0 30 theme syncytial 84:92 arg1 India 139:143 India 139:143 India 139:143 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 1 31 theme Human 163:167 arg1 virus 191:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus 163:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) 163:202 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 31 theme Human 163:167 arg1 pathogen 229:236 the most common viral pathogen 207:236 the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 207:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 31 theme Human 163:167 arg1 hRSV 198:201 hRSV 198:201 hRSV 198:201 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 11 32 theme rapid 1465:1469 arg1 spread 1478:1483 rapid global spread 1465:1483 rapid global spread 1465:1483 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 8 33 theme serine 991:996 arg1 residues 1012:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues 985:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 985:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 8 33 theme serine 991:996 arg1 sites 1067:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 0 34 from genotype 54:61 arg1 Delhi 132:136 New Delhi 128:136 New Delhi 128:136 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 10 35 theme present 1242:1248 arg1 investigation 1250:1262 The present investigation 1238:1262 The present investigation 1238:1262 The present investigation provides information on circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India. 26645038 8 36 theme threonine 1002:1010 arg1 residues 1012:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues 985:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 985:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 8 36 theme threonine 1002:1010 arg1 sites 1067:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 7 37 theme N-linked 890:897 arg1 sites 913:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 2 38 theme host 423:426 arg1 cell 428:431 the host cell 419:431 the host cell 419:431 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 2 39 gly glycoprotein 356:367 arg1 protein 318:324 The G protein 312:324 The G protein of hRSV 312:332 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 2 39 gly glycoprotein 356:367 arg1 glycoprotein 356:367 the trans-membrane glycoprotein 337:367 the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell 337:431 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 8 40 gly glycosylation 1053:1065 arg2 residues 1012:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues 985:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 985:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 8 40 gly glycosylation 1053:1065 arg2 sites 1067:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 0 41 theme Retrospective 0:12 arg1 analysis 27:34 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis 0:34 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 0:161 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 1 42 theme tract 265:269 arg1 infection 271:279 acute lower respiratory tract infection 241:279 acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 241:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 11 43 theme evolutionary 1489:1500 arg1 pattern 1502:1508 evolutionary pattern 1489:1508 evolutionary pattern 1489:1508 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 9 44 theme non-synonymous/synonymous 1078:1102 arg1 less 1122:1125 less 1122:1125 less 1122:1125 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 9 44 theme non-synonymous/synonymous 1078:1102 arg1 ratio 1112:1116 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio 1074:1116 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio 1074:1116 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 8 45 theme O-linked 1044:1051 arg1 residues 1012:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues 985:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 985:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 8 45 theme O-linked 1044:1051 arg1 sites 1067:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 6 46 theme sequences 814:822 arg1 acids 867:871 312 and 319 amino acids 849:871 312 and 319 amino acids 849:871 The G proteins of the study sequences were predicted to encode 312 and 319 amino acids. 26645038 6 46 theme sequences 814:822 arg1 proteins 792:799 The G proteins 786:799 The G proteins of the study sequences 786:822 The G proteins of the study sequences were predicted to encode 312 and 319 amino acids. 26645038 10 47 from Delhi 1332:1336 arg1 strains 1300:1306 circulating strains 1288:1306 circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India 1288:1343 The present investigation provides information on circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India. 26645038 9 48 theme dN/dS 1105:1109 arg1 less 1122:1125 less 1122:1125 less 1122:1125 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 9 48 theme dN/dS 1105:1109 arg1 ratio 1112:1116 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio 1074:1116 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio 1074:1116 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 2 49 theme G 316:316 arg1 protein 318:324 The G protein 312:324 The G protein of hRSV 312:332 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 2 49 theme G 316:316 arg1 glycoprotein 356:367 the trans-membrane glycoprotein 337:367 the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell 337:431 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 2 50 theme trans-membrane 341:354 arg1 protein 318:324 The G protein 312:324 The G protein of hRSV 312:332 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 2 50 theme trans-membrane 341:354 arg1 glycoprotein 356:367 the trans-membrane glycoprotein 337:367 the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell 337:431 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 1 51 theme viral 223:227 arg1 virus 191:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus 163:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) 163:202 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 51 theme viral 223:227 arg1 pathogen 229:236 the most common viral pathogen 207:236 the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 207:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 11 52 from regions 1412:1418 arg1 viruses 1389:1395 the BA viruses 1382:1395 the BA viruses from different regions of the world 1382:1431 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 11 52 from regions 1412:1418 arg1 investigations 1364:1377 investigations 1364:1377 investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world 1364:1431 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 4 53 theme phylogenetic 591:602 arg1 analysis 604:611 phylogenetic analysis 591:611 phylogenetic analysis 591:611 Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the study strains clustered within the BA genotype. 26645038 1 54 from children 302:309 arg1 virus 191:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus 163:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) 163:202 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 54 from children 302:309 arg1 pathogen 229:236 the most common viral pathogen 207:236 the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 207:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 6 55 theme amino 861:865 arg1 acids 867:871 312 and 319 amino acids 849:871 312 and 319 amino acids 849:871 The G proteins of the study sequences were predicted to encode 312 and 319 amino acids. 26645038 6 55 theme amino 861:865 arg1 proteins 792:799 The G proteins 786:799 The G proteins of the study sequences 786:822 The G proteins of the study sequences were predicted to encode 312 and 319 amino acids. 26645038 9 56 theme negative 1147:1154 arg1 pressure 1166:1173 negative selection pressure 1147:1173 negative selection pressure 1147:1173 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 1 57 theme lower 247:251 arg1 tract 265:269 lower respiratory tract 247:269 acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 241:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 10 58 theme BA 1311:1312 arg1 genotype 1314:1321 BA genotype 1311:1321 BA genotype 1311:1321 The present investigation provides information on circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India. 26645038 11 59 theme spread 1478:1483 arg1 basis 1452:1456 the basis 1448:1456 the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype 1448:1535 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 3 60 theme hypervariable 503:515 arg1 region 517:522 the second hypervariable region 492:522 the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation 492:573 The nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to RT-PCR for the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation. 26645038 8 61 link O-linked 1044:1051 arg1 residues 1012:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues 985:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 985:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 8 61 link O-linked 1044:1051 arg1 sites 1067:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 1 62 theme respiratory 169:179 arg1 virus 191:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus 163:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) 163:202 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 62 theme respiratory 169:179 arg1 pathogen 229:236 the most common viral pathogen 207:236 the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 207:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 62 theme respiratory 169:179 arg1 hRSV 198:201 hRSV 198:201 hRSV 198:201 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 9 63 theme amino 1179:1183 arg1 change 1190:1195 amino acid change 1179:1195 amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein 1179:1235 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 3 64 theme gene 541:544 arg1 region 517:522 the second hypervariable region 492:522 the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation 492:573 The nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to RT-PCR for the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation. 26645038 11 65 theme expanding 1518:1526 arg1 genotype 1528:1535 this expanding genotype 1513:1535 this expanding genotype 1513:1535 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 3 66 theme G 531:531 arg1 gene 541:544 the G protein gene 527:544 the G protein gene in the present investigation 527:573 The nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to RT-PCR for the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation. 26645038 9 67 from change 1190:1195 arg1 region 1213:1218 the analyzed region 1200:1218 the analyzed region of the G protein 1200:1235 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 3 68 from gene 541:544 arg1 investigation 561:573 the present investigation 549:573 the present investigation 549:573 The nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to RT-PCR for the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation. 26645038 0 69 theme respiratory 72:82 arg1 virus 94:98 human respiratory syncytial virus 66:98 human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi 66:136 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 0 69 theme respiratory 72:82 arg1 India 139:143 India 139:143 India 139:143 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 9 70 theme protein 1229:1235 arg1 region 1213:1218 the analyzed region 1200:1218 the analyzed region of the G protein 1200:1235 The non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) ratio was less than one indicating negative selection pressure for amino acid change in the analyzed region of the G protein. 26645038 7 71 theme amino 955:959 arg1 region 966:971 the deduced 93-100 amino acid region 936:971 the deduced 93-100 amino acid region 936:971 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 11 72 theme global 1471:1476 arg1 spread 1478:1483 rapid global spread 1465:1483 rapid global spread 1465:1483 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 0 73 theme virus 94:98 arg1 genotype 54:61 BA genotype 51:61 BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India 51:143 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 7 74 theme deduced 940:946 arg1 region 966:971 the deduced 93-100 amino acid region 936:971 the deduced 93-100 amino acid region 936:971 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 0 75 theme 60 bp 105:109 arg1 duplication 111:121 60 bp duplication 105:121 60 bp duplication 105:121 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 11 76 theme different 1402:1410 arg1 regions 1412:1418 different regions 1402:1418 different regions of the world 1402:1431 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 11 77 theme viruses 1389:1395 arg1 investigations 1364:1377 investigations 1364:1377 investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world 1364:1431 Further elaborate investigations of the BA viruses from different regions of the world will establish the basis of the rapid global spread and evolutionary pattern of this expanding genotype. 26645038 5 78 theme BA 773:774 arg1 genotype 776:783 the BA genotype 769:783 the BA genotype 769:783 The study sequences further clustered in BA-9, BA-7, BA-10 and BA-12 subgroups within the BA genotype. 26645038 7 79 theme glycosylation 899:911 arg1 sites 913:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 10 80 theme circulating 1288:1298 arg1 strains 1300:1306 circulating strains 1288:1306 circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India 1288:1343 The present investigation provides information on circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India. 26645038 1 81 theme infection 271:279 arg1 virus 191:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus 163:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) 163:202 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 81 theme infection 271:279 arg1 pathogen 229:236 the most common viral pathogen 207:236 the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 207:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 8 82 theme potential 1034:1042 arg1 residues 1012:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues 985:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 985:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 8 82 theme potential 1034:1042 arg1 sites 1067:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 7 83 theme different 880:888 arg1 sites 913:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 2 84 theme virion 407:412 arg1 attachment 393:402 the attachment 389:402 the attachment of virion with the host cell 389:431 The G protein of hRSV is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. 26645038 3 85 from investigation 561:573 arg1 region 517:522 the second hypervariable region 492:522 the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation 492:573 The nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to RT-PCR for the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation. 26645038 3 86 theme nasopharyngeal 438:451 arg1 aspirates 453:461 The nasopharyngeal aspirates 434:461 The nasopharyngeal aspirates 434:461 The nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to RT-PCR for the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation. 26645038 0 87 theme BA 51:52 arg1 genotype 54:61 BA genotype 51:61 BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India 51:143 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 8 88 theme glycosylation 1053:1065 arg1 residues 1012:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues 985:1019 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 985:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 8 88 theme glycosylation 1053:1065 arg1 sites 1067:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 the potential O-linked glycosylation sites 1030:1071 There were 40-43 serine and threonine residues that are the potential O-linked glycosylation sites. 26645038 10 89 theme genotype 1314:1321 arg1 strains 1300:1306 circulating strains 1288:1306 circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India 1288:1343 The present investigation provides information on circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India. 26645038 1 90 theme young 296:300 arg1 children 302:309 young children 296:309 young children 296:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 6 91 theme study 808:812 arg1 sequences 814:822 the study sequences 804:822 the study sequences 804:822 The G proteins of the study sequences were predicted to encode 312 and 319 amino acids. 26645038 7 92 gly glycosylation 899:911 arg2 Three 874:878 Three 874:878 Three 874:878 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 7 92 gly glycosylation 899:911 arg2 sites 913:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites 874:917 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 7 92 gly glycosylation 899:911 arg1 region 966:971 the deduced 93-100 amino acid region 936:971 the deduced 93-100 amino acid region 936:971 Three different N-linked glycosylation sites were observed in the deduced 93-100 amino acid region. 26645038 3 93 theme second 496:501 arg1 region 517:522 the second hypervariable region 492:522 the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation 492:573 The nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to RT-PCR for the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene in the present investigation. 26645038 1 94 theme common 216:221 arg1 virus 191:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus 163:195 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) 163:202 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 1 94 theme common 216:221 arg1 pathogen 229:236 the most common viral pathogen 207:236 the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children 207:309 Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. 26645038 6 95 theme G 790:790 arg1 acids 867:871 312 and 319 amino acids 849:871 312 and 319 amino acids 849:871 The G proteins of the study sequences were predicted to encode 312 and 319 amino acids. 26645038 6 95 theme G 790:790 arg1 proteins 792:799 The G proteins 786:799 The G proteins of the study sequences 786:822 The G proteins of the study sequences were predicted to encode 312 and 319 amino acids. 26645038 4 96 dep strains 641:647 arg1 clustered 649:657 clustered 649:657 strains clustered within the BA genotype 641:680 Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the study strains clustered within the BA genotype. 26645038 0 97 from Delhi 132:136 arg1 virus 94:98 human respiratory syncytial virus 66:98 human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi 66:136 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 0 97 from Delhi 132:136 arg1 genotype 54:61 BA genotype 51:61 BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India 51:143 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 0 97 from Delhi 132:136 arg1 India 139:143 India 139:143 India 139:143 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 26645038 10 98 theme New 1328:1330 arg1 India 1339:1343 India 1339:1343 India 1339:1343 The present investigation provides information on circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India. 26645038 10 98 theme New 1328:1330 arg1 Delhi 1332:1336 New Delhi 1328:1336 New Delhi 1328:1336 The present investigation provides information on circulating strains of BA genotype from New Delhi, India. 26645038 0 99 theme phylogenetic 14:25 arg1 analysis 27:34 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis 0:34 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 0:161 Retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating BA genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from New Delhi, India during 2007-2010. 24174213 5 0 theme rhIL24 723:728 arg1 production 730:739 rhIL24 production 723:739 rhIL24 production 723:739 In addition, a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy improves rhIL24 production. 24174213 9 1 contain have 1098:1101 arg2 medication 1122:1131 a medication 1120:1131 a medication 1120:1131 Proliferation analysis suggests that rhIL24 may have potential use as a medication. 24174213 9 1 contain have 1098:1101 arg1 rhIL24 1087:1092 rhIL24 1087:1092 rhIL24 1087:1092 Proliferation analysis suggests that rhIL24 may have potential use as a medication. 24174213 9 1 contain have 1098:1101 arg2 use 1113:1115 potential use 1103:1115 potential use 1103:1115 Proliferation analysis suggests that rhIL24 may have potential use as a medication. 24174213 8 2 theme L02 1039:1041 arg1 cells 1043:1047 L02 cells 1039:1047 L02 cells 1039:1047 Single-step purified rhIL24 displayed biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but no effect on L02 cells. 24174213 3 3 from production 426:435 arg1 coli 467:470 E. coli 464:470 E. coli 464:470 The cost and composition of culture media is critical for commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli. 24174213 2 4 theme disulfide 333:341 arg1 bridge 343:348 a disulfide bridge 331:348 a disulfide bridge 331:348 Human IL24 possesses three N glycosylation sites and a disulfide bridge. 24174213 1 5 theme family 223:228 arg1 interleukin 158:168 Recombinant human interleukin 24 140:171 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) 140:180 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 1 5 theme family 223:228 arg1 member 187:192 a member 185:192 a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties 185:275 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 5 6 theme denaturing 665:674 arg1 strategy 705:712 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy 654:712 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy 654:712 In addition, a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy improves rhIL24 production. 24174213 1 7 dep novel 248:252 arg1 therapeutic 254:264 therapeutic 254:264 therapeutic 254:264 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 3 8 dep cost 355:358 arg1 The 351:353 The 351:353 The 351:353 The cost and composition of culture media is critical for commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli. 24174213 6 9 theme conventional 775:786 arg1 approach 788:795 a more conventional approach 768:795 a more conventional approach for protein solubilization and refolding 768:836 The 2DR strategy replaces a more conventional approach for protein solubilization and refolding. 24174213 0 10 theme denaturing 98:107 arg1 method 132:137 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method 87:137 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method 87:137 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 24174213 4 11 theme extract 491:497 arg1 Addition 473:480 Addition 473:480 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium 473:519 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium enhances rhIL24 production, and the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost and decreases toxicity. 24174213 11 12 theme rhIL24 1269:1274 arg1 step 1300:1303 a step 1298:1303 a step towards inexpensive large-scale production 1298:1346 The expression and purification of rhIL24 described here may be a step towards inexpensive large-scale production. 24174213 11 12 theme rhIL24 1269:1274 arg1 purification 1253:1264 purification 1253:1264 purification 1253:1264 The expression and purification of rhIL24 described here may be a step towards inexpensive large-scale production. 24174213 11 12 theme rhIL24 1269:1274 arg1 expression 1238:1247 expression 1238:1247 expression 1238:1247 The expression and purification of rhIL24 described here may be a step towards inexpensive large-scale production. 24174213 8 13 theme HepG2 984:988 arg1 cells 1015:1019 HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 984:1019 HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 984:1019 Single-step purified rhIL24 displayed biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but no effect on L02 cells. 24174213 7 14 theme definitive 857:866 arg1 identification 868:881 definitive identification 857:881 definitive identification 857:881 LC-MS/MS provides definitive identification and quantitative information on rhIL24. 24174213 1 15 theme cytokines 233:241 arg1 family 223:228 the interleukin 10 (IL10) family 197:228 the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties 197:275 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 0 16 theme two-step 89:96 arg1 method 132:137 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method 87:137 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method 87:137 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 24174213 2 17 theme N 305:305 arg1 sites 321:325 three N glycosylation sites 299:325 three N glycosylation sites 299:325 Human IL24 possesses three N glycosylation sites and a disulfide bridge. 24174213 0 18 theme one-step 113:120 arg1 method 132:137 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method 87:137 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method 87:137 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 24174213 11 19 dep expression 1238:1247 arg1 The 1234:1236 The 1234:1236 The 1234:1236 The expression and purification of rhIL24 described here may be a step towards inexpensive large-scale production. 24174213 8 20 theme carcinoma 1005:1013 arg1 cells 1015:1019 HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 984:1019 HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 984:1019 Single-step purified rhIL24 displayed biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but no effect on L02 cells. 24174213 3 21 theme commercial-scale 409:424 arg1 production 426:435 commercial-scale production 409:435 commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli 409:470 The cost and composition of culture media is critical for commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli. 24174213 3 22 theme media 387:391 arg1 composition 364:374 composition 364:374 composition 364:374 The cost and composition of culture media is critical for commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli. 24174213 3 22 theme media 387:391 arg1 cost 355:358 cost 355:358 cost 355:358 The cost and composition of culture media is critical for commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli. 24174213 10 23 theme quality 1200:1206 arg1 product 1208:1214 quality product 1200:1214 quality product with high purity 1200:1231 In the present study, we developed a simple process for producing quality product with high purity. 24174213 5 24 theme 2DR 700:702 arg1 strategy 705:712 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy 654:712 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy 654:712 In addition, a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy improves rhIL24 production. 24174213 6 25 theme 2DR 746:748 arg1 strategy 750:757 The 2DR strategy 742:757 The 2DR strategy 742:757 The 2DR strategy replaces a more conventional approach for protein solubilization and refolding. 24174213 9 26 theme potential 1103:1111 arg1 use 1113:1115 potential use 1103:1115 potential use 1103:1115 Proliferation analysis suggests that rhIL24 may have potential use as a medication. 24174213 9 26 theme potential 1103:1111 arg1 medication 1122:1131 a medication 1120:1131 a medication 1120:1131 Proliferation analysis suggests that rhIL24 may have potential use as a medication. 24174213 0 27 theme Cost-effective 0:13 arg1 production 15:24 Cost-effective production 0:24 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 0:138 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 24174213 1 28 theme novel 248:252 arg1 properties 266:275 novel therapeutic properties 248:275 novel therapeutic properties 248:275 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 5 29 theme refolding 689:697 arg1 strategy 705:712 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy 654:712 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy 654:712 In addition, a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy improves rhIL24 production. 24174213 10 30 theme present 1141:1147 arg1 study 1149:1153 the present study 1137:1153 the present study 1137:1153 In the present study, we developed a simple process for producing quality product with high purity. 24174213 0 31 theme recombinant 29:39 arg1 interleukin 47:57 recombinant human interleukin 24 29:60 recombinant human interleukin 24 29:60 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 24174213 4 32 theme rhIL24 530:535 arg1 production 537:546 rhIL24 production 530:546 rhIL24 production 530:546 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium enhances rhIL24 production, and the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost and decreases toxicity. 24174213 5 33 theme two-step 656:663 arg1 strategy 705:712 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy 654:712 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy 654:712 In addition, a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy improves rhIL24 production. 24174213 8 34 theme hepatocellular 990:1003 arg1 cells 1015:1019 HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 984:1019 HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 984:1019 Single-step purified rhIL24 displayed biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but no effect on L02 cells. 24174213 3 35 theme proteins 452:459 arg1 production 426:435 commercial-scale production 409:435 commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli 409:470 The cost and composition of culture media is critical for commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli. 24174213 11 36 theme large-scale 1325:1335 arg1 production 1337:1346 inexpensive large-scale production 1313:1346 inexpensive large-scale production 1313:1346 The expression and purification of rhIL24 described here may be a step towards inexpensive large-scale production. 24174213 0 37 theme refolding 122:130 arg1 method 132:137 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method 87:137 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method 87:137 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 24174213 2 38 theme Human 278:282 arg1 IL24 284:287 Human IL24 278:287 Human IL24 278:287 Human IL24 possesses three N glycosylation sites and a disulfide bridge. 24174213 8 39 from effect 1029:1034 arg1 cells 1043:1047 L02 cells 1039:1047 L02 cells 1039:1047 Single-step purified rhIL24 displayed biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but no effect on L02 cells. 24174213 0 40 theme interleukin 47:57 arg1 production 15:24 Cost-effective production 0:24 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 0:138 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 24174213 6 41 dep protein 801:807 arg1 refolding 828:836 refolding 828:836 refolding 828:836 The 2DR strategy replaces a more conventional approach for protein solubilization and refolding. 24174213 6 41 dep protein 801:807 arg1 solubilization 809:822 solubilization 809:822 solubilization 809:822 The 2DR strategy replaces a more conventional approach for protein solubilization and refolding. 24174213 8 42 from activity 972:979 arg1 cells 1015:1019 HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 984:1019 HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 984:1019 Single-step purified rhIL24 displayed biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but no effect on L02 cells. 24174213 0 43 theme human 41:45 arg1 interleukin 47:57 recombinant human interleukin 24 29:60 recombinant human interleukin 24 29:60 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 24174213 10 44 with product 1208:1214 arg1 purity 1226:1231 high purity 1221:1231 high purity 1221:1231 In the present study, we developed a simple process for producing quality product with high purity. 24174213 5 45 theme one-step 680:687 arg1 strategy 705:712 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy 654:712 a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy 654:712 In addition, a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy improves rhIL24 production. 24174213 11 46 theme inexpensive 1313:1323 arg1 production 1337:1346 inexpensive large-scale production 1313:1346 inexpensive large-scale production 1313:1346 The expression and purification of rhIL24 described here may be a step towards inexpensive large-scale production. 24174213 1 47 with cytokines 233:241 arg1 properties 266:275 novel therapeutic properties 248:275 novel therapeutic properties 248:275 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 1 48 theme interleukin 201:211 arg1 family 223:228 the interleukin 10 (IL10) family 197:228 the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties 197:275 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 4 49 theme glucose 503:509 arg1 Addition 473:480 Addition 473:480 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium 473:519 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium enhances rhIL24 production, and the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost and decreases toxicity. 24174213 3 50 theme culture 379:385 arg1 media 387:391 culture media 379:391 culture media 379:391 The cost and composition of culture media is critical for commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli. 24174213 2 51 contain possesses 289:297 arg1 IL24 284:287 Human IL24 278:287 Human IL24 278:287 Human IL24 possesses three N glycosylation sites and a disulfide bridge. 24174213 2 51 contain possesses 289:297 arg2 bridge 343:348 a disulfide bridge 331:348 a disulfide bridge 331:348 Human IL24 possesses three N glycosylation sites and a disulfide bridge. 24174213 2 51 contain possesses 289:297 arg2 sites 321:325 three N glycosylation sites 299:325 three N glycosylation sites 299:325 Human IL24 possesses three N glycosylation sites and a disulfide bridge. 24174213 4 52 theme lactose 564:570 arg1 production 537:546 rhIL24 production 530:546 rhIL24 production 530:546 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium enhances rhIL24 production, and the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost and decreases toxicity. 24174213 4 52 theme lactose 564:570 arg1 use 557:559 the use 553:559 the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost 553:615 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium enhances rhIL24 production, and the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost and decreases toxicity. 24174213 4 53 dep induction 592:600 arg1 drops 602:606 drops 602:606 drops 602:606 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium enhances rhIL24 production, and the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost and decreases toxicity. 24174213 8 54 theme purified 935:942 arg1 rhIL24 944:949 Single-step purified rhIL24 923:949 Single-step purified rhIL24 923:949 Single-step purified rhIL24 displayed biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but no effect on L02 cells. 24174213 2 55 theme glycosylation 307:319 arg1 sites 321:325 three N glycosylation sites 299:325 three N glycosylation sites 299:325 Human IL24 possesses three N glycosylation sites and a disulfide bridge. 24174213 2 56 gly glycosylation 307:319 arg2 three 299:303 three 299:303 three 299:303 Human IL24 possesses three N glycosylation sites and a disulfide bridge. 24174213 2 56 gly glycosylation 307:319 arg2 sites 321:325 three N glycosylation sites 299:325 three N glycosylation sites 299:325 Human IL24 possesses three N glycosylation sites and a disulfide bridge. 24174213 8 57 theme Single-step 923:933 arg1 rhIL24 944:949 Single-step purified rhIL24 923:949 Single-step purified rhIL24 923:949 Single-step purified rhIL24 displayed biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but no effect on L02 cells. 24174213 8 58 theme biological 961:970 arg1 activity 972:979 biological activity 961:979 biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 961:1019 Single-step purified rhIL24 displayed biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but no effect on L02 cells. 24174213 1 59 theme Recombinant 140:150 arg1 interleukin 158:168 Recombinant human interleukin 24 140:171 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) 140:180 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 1 59 theme Recombinant 140:150 arg1 rhIL24 174:179 rhIL24 174:179 rhIL24 174:179 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 1 59 theme Recombinant 140:150 arg1 member 187:192 a member 185:192 a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties 185:275 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 7 60 theme quantitative 887:898 arg1 information 900:910 quantitative information 887:910 quantitative information 887:910 LC-MS/MS provides definitive identification and quantitative information on rhIL24. 24174213 3 61 theme recombinant 440:450 arg1 proteins 452:459 recombinant proteins 440:459 recombinant proteins 440:459 The cost and composition of culture media is critical for commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli. 24174213 1 62 theme human 152:156 arg1 interleukin 158:168 Recombinant human interleukin 24 140:171 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) 140:180 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 1 62 theme human 152:156 arg1 rhIL24 174:179 rhIL24 174:179 rhIL24 174:179 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 1 62 theme human 152:156 arg1 member 187:192 a member 185:192 a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties 185:275 Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. 24174213 10 63 theme high 1221:1224 arg1 purity 1226:1231 high purity 1221:1231 high purity 1221:1231 In the present study, we developed a simple process for producing quality product with high purity. 24174213 10 64 theme simple 1171:1176 arg1 process 1178:1184 a simple process 1169:1184 a simple process for producing quality product with high purity 1169:1231 In the present study, we developed a simple process for producing quality product with high purity. 24174213 0 65 theme lactose 65:71 arg1 induction 73:81 lactose induction 65:81 lactose induction 65:81 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. 24174213 4 66 theme yeast 485:489 arg1 extract 491:497 yeast extract 485:497 yeast extract 485:497 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium enhances rhIL24 production, and the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost and decreases toxicity. 24174213 9 67 theme Proliferation 1050:1062 arg1 analysis 1064:1071 Proliferation analysis 1050:1071 Proliferation analysis 1050:1071 Proliferation analysis suggests that rhIL24 may have potential use as a medication. 24174213 4 68 theme IPTG 583:586 arg1 production 537:546 rhIL24 production 530:546 rhIL24 production 530:546 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium enhances rhIL24 production, and the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost and decreases toxicity. 24174213 4 68 theme IPTG 583:586 arg1 use 557:559 the use 553:559 the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost 553:615 Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium enhances rhIL24 production, and the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost and decreases toxicity. 26037285 6 0 theme gel 1121:1123 arg1 electrophoresis 1125:1139 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1082:1139 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1082:1139 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 6 1 theme cleavage 979:986 arg1 products 988:995 rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products 941:995 rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products 941:995 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 11 2 link cell-derived 1914:1925 arg1 products 1934:1941 other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products 1904:1941 other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products 1904:1941 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications were similar to other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products for N-glycopattern and tyrosine sulphation. 26037285 8 3 theme sulphated 1410:1418 arg1 tyrosines 1420:1428 sulphated tyrosines 1410:1428 sulphated tyrosines 1410:1428 Proteolysis by trypsin generated the corresponding peptides, which were analysed for sulphated tyrosines by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry. 26037285 6 4 theme sulphate 1097:1104 arg1 electrophoresis 1125:1139 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1082:1139 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1082:1139 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 11 5 theme CHO 1910:1912 arg1 products 1934:1941 other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products 1904:1941 other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products 1904:1941 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications were similar to other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products for N-glycopattern and tyrosine sulphation. 26037285 6 6 theme sodium 1082:1087 arg1 electrophoresis 1125:1139 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1082:1139 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1082:1139 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 8 7 theme chromatography-electrospray 1440:1466 arg1 spectrometry 1499:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 Proteolysis by trypsin generated the corresponding peptides, which were analysed for sulphated tyrosines by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry. 26037285 12 8 from purity 2047:2052 arg1 conclusion 1990:1999 conclusion 1990:1999 conclusion 1990:1999 In conclusion, rVIII-SingleChain is of high homogeneity and purity, and provides an expected cleavage pattern on activation, setting the basis for optimal efficacy in the patient. 26037285 6 9 theme Physicochemical 911:925 arg1 properties 927:936 Physicochemical properties 911:936 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products 911:995 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 8 10 theme time 1479:1482 arg1 spectrometry 1499:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 Proteolysis by trypsin generated the corresponding peptides, which were analysed for sulphated tyrosines by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry. 26037285 12 11 theme optimal 2134:2140 arg1 efficacy 2142:2149 optimal efficacy 2134:2149 optimal efficacy in the patient 2134:2164 In conclusion, rVIII-SingleChain is of high homogeneity and purity, and provides an expected cleavage pattern on activation, setting the basis for optimal efficacy in the patient. 26037285 12 12 from homogeneity 2031:2041 arg1 conclusion 1990:1999 conclusion 1990:1999 conclusion 1990:1999 In conclusion, rVIII-SingleChain is of high homogeneity and purity, and provides an expected cleavage pattern on activation, setting the basis for optimal efficacy in the patient. 26037285 10 13 theme rVIII-SingleChain 1726:1742 arg1 comparable 1749:1758 comparable 1749:1758 comparable 1749:1758 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain were comparable with those obtained by activation of commercially available rFVIII products. 26037285 10 13 theme rVIII-SingleChain 1726:1742 arg1 products 1714:1721 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products 1669:1721 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain 1669:1742 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain were comparable with those obtained by activation of commercially available rFVIII products. 26037285 4 14 theme deleted 761:767 arg1 rFVIII 769:774 B-domain deleted rFVIII 752:774 B-domain deleted rFVIII 752:774 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 5 15 theme hamster 844:850 arg1 cells 864:868 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 836:868 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 836:868 rVIII-SingleChain was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and purified by chromatographic methods. 26037285 8 16 theme flight-mass 1487:1497 arg1 spectrometry 1499:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 Proteolysis by trypsin generated the corresponding peptides, which were analysed for sulphated tyrosines by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry. 26037285 11 17 theme rFVIII 1927:1932 arg1 products 1934:1941 other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products 1904:1941 other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products 1904:1941 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications were similar to other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products for N-glycopattern and tyrosine sulphation. 26037285 7 18 theme high-performance 1285:1300 arg1 chromatography 1309:1322 high-performance liquid chromatography 1285:1322 high-performance liquid chromatography 1285:1322 Analysis of the respective carbohydrate structures was performed after release of N-glycans by PNGase F followed by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography. 26037285 7 19 theme PNGase 1237:1242 arg1 F 1244:1244 PNGase F 1237:1244 PNGase F 1237:1244 Analysis of the respective carbohydrate structures was performed after release of N-glycans by PNGase F followed by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography. 26037285 10 20 with comparable 1749:1758 arg1 those 1765:1769 those 1765:1769 those 1765:1769 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain were comparable with those obtained by activation of commercially available rFVIII products. 26037285 4 21 theme cleavage 538:545 arg1 products 547:554 thrombin cleavage products 529:554 thrombin cleavage products 529:554 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 7 22 theme N-glycans 1224:1232 arg1 release 1213:1219 release 1213:1219 release of N-glycans by PNGase F 1213:1244 Analysis of the respective carbohydrate structures was performed after release of N-glycans by PNGase F followed by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography. 26037285 1 23 theme single-chain 142:153 arg1 FVIII 168:172 FVIII 168:172 FVIII 168:172 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 1 23 theme single-chain 142:153 arg1 VIII 162:165 single-chain factor VIII 142:165 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct 122:183 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 9 24 theme high 1550:1553 arg1 purity 1555:1560 high purity 1550:1560 high purity 1550:1560 rVIII-SingleChain was shown to be of high purity and homogeneity, and presented a well-defined single-chain molecule with predominant β-sheet conformation. 26037285 2 25 theme physicochemical 288:302 arg1 hydrophobicity 326:339 hydrophobicity 326:339 hydrophobicity 326:339 Post-translational modifications of FVIII affect physicochemical parameters, including hydrophobicity and charge. 26037285 2 25 theme physicochemical 288:302 arg1 charge 345:350 charge 345:350 charge 345:350 Post-translational modifications of FVIII affect physicochemical parameters, including hydrophobicity and charge. 26037285 2 25 theme physicochemical 288:302 arg1 parameters 304:313 physicochemical parameters 288:313 physicochemical parameters 288:313 Post-translational modifications of FVIII affect physicochemical parameters, including hydrophobicity and charge. 26037285 1 26 theme VIII 162:165 arg1 rVIII-SingleChain 101:117 rVIII-SingleChain 101:117 rVIII-SingleChain 101:117 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 1 26 theme VIII 162:165 arg1 construct 175:183 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct 122:183 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct 122:183 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 4 27 theme physicochemical 501:515 arg1 properties 517:526 the physicochemical properties 497:526 the physicochemical properties 497:526 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 11 28 theme rVIII-SingleChain 1837:1853 arg1 modifications 1874:1886 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications 1837:1886 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications 1837:1886 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications were similar to other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products for N-glycopattern and tyrosine sulphation. 26037285 0 29 theme single-chain 75:86 arg1 VIII 95:98 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII 55:98 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII 55:98 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 26037285 0 29 theme single-chain 75:86 arg1 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 26037285 2 30 theme FVIII 275:279 arg1 modifications 258:270 Post-translational modifications 239:270 Post-translational modifications of FVIII 239:279 Post-translational modifications of FVIII affect physicochemical parameters, including hydrophobicity and charge. 26037285 12 31 theme cleavage 2080:2087 arg1 pattern 2089:2095 an expected cleavage pattern 2068:2095 an expected cleavage pattern on activation 2068:2109 In conclusion, rVIII-SingleChain is of high homogeneity and purity, and provides an expected cleavage pattern on activation, setting the basis for optimal efficacy in the patient. 26037285 3 32 theme relevant 362:369 arg1 modifications 390:402 The most relevant post-translational modifications 353:402 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products 353:420 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 3 32 theme relevant 362:369 arg1 N-glycosylation 426:440 N-glycosylation 426:440 N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations 426:488 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 4 33 theme rVIII-SingleChain 596:612 arg1 modifications 579:591 post-translational modifications 560:591 post-translational modifications 560:591 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 4 33 theme rVIII-SingleChain 596:612 arg1 properties 517:526 the physicochemical properties 497:526 the physicochemical properties 497:526 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 4 33 theme rVIII-SingleChain 596:612 arg1 products 547:554 thrombin cleavage products 529:554 thrombin cleavage products 529:554 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 11 34 theme other 1904:1908 arg1 products 1934:1941 other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products 1904:1941 other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products 1904:1941 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications were similar to other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products for N-glycopattern and tyrosine sulphation. 26037285 7 35 theme structures 1182:1191 arg1 Analysis 1142:1149 Analysis 1142:1149 Analysis of the respective carbohydrate structures 1142:1191 Analysis of the respective carbohydrate structures was performed after release of N-glycans by PNGase F followed by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography. 26037285 7 36 theme respective 1158:1167 arg1 structures 1182:1191 the respective carbohydrate structures 1154:1191 the respective carbohydrate structures 1154:1191 Analysis of the respective carbohydrate structures was performed after release of N-glycans by PNGase F followed by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography. 26037285 3 37 theme FVIII 407:411 arg1 products 413:420 FVIII products 407:420 FVIII products 407:420 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 10 38 theme products 1827:1834 arg1 activation 1783:1792 activation 1783:1792 activation of commercially available rFVIII products 1783:1834 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain were comparable with those obtained by activation of commercially available rFVIII products. 26037285 9 39 theme well-defined 1595:1606 arg1 molecule 1621:1628 a well-defined single-chain molecule 1593:1628 a well-defined single-chain molecule 1593:1628 rVIII-SingleChain was shown to be of high purity and homogeneity, and presented a well-defined single-chain molecule with predominant β-sheet conformation. 26037285 3 40 theme residues 456:463 arg1 modifications 390:402 The most relevant post-translational modifications 353:402 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products 353:420 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 3 40 theme residues 456:463 arg1 N-glycosylation 426:440 N-glycosylation 426:440 N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations 426:488 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 10 41 theme available 1810:1818 arg1 products 1827:1834 commercially available rFVIII products 1797:1834 commercially available rFVIII products 1797:1834 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain were comparable with those obtained by activation of commercially available rFVIII products. 26037285 0 42 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 characterisation 16:31 Physicochemical characterisation 0:31 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 0:99 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 26037285 4 43 theme recombinant 676:686 arg1 FVIII 688:692 recombinant FVIII 676:692 commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products 653:710 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 4 43 theme recombinant 676:686 arg1 rFVIII 695:700 rFVIII 695:700 rFVIII 695:700 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 6 44 theme rVIII-SingleChain 941:957 arg1 products 988:995 rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products 941:995 rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products 941:995 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 9 45 theme predominant 1635:1645 arg1 conformation 1655:1666 predominant β-sheet conformation 1635:1666 predominant β-sheet conformation 1635:1666 rVIII-SingleChain was shown to be of high purity and homogeneity, and presented a well-defined single-chain molecule with predominant β-sheet conformation. 26037285 6 46 theme reversed-phase 1048:1061 arg1 chromatography 1063:1076 reversed-phase chromatography 1048:1076 reversed-phase chromatography 1048:1076 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 1 47 theme novel 124:128 arg1 rVIII-SingleChain 101:117 rVIII-SingleChain 101:117 rVIII-SingleChain 101:117 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 1 47 theme novel 124:128 arg1 construct 175:183 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct 122:183 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct 122:183 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 3 48 theme tyrosine 469:476 arg1 sulphations 478:488 tyrosine sulphations 469:488 tyrosine sulphations 469:488 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 0 49 theme novel 57:61 arg1 VIII 95:98 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII 55:98 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII 55:98 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 26037285 0 49 theme novel 57:61 arg1 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 26037285 8 50 theme corresponding 1362:1374 arg1 peptides 1376:1383 the corresponding peptides 1358:1383 the corresponding peptides 1358:1383 Proteolysis by trypsin generated the corresponding peptides, which were analysed for sulphated tyrosines by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry. 26037285 4 51 theme predominant 719:729 arg1 structure 741:749 a predominant two-chain structure 717:749 a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII) 717:798 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 1 52 dep heavy 215:219 arg1 chains 231:236 chains 231:236 chains 231:236 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 6 53 link thrombin-derived 962:977 arg1 products 988:995 rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products 941:995 rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products 941:995 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 6 54 theme polyacrylamide 1106:1119 arg1 electrophoresis 1125:1139 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1082:1139 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1082:1139 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 6 55 theme thrombin-derived 962:977 arg1 products 988:995 rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products 941:995 rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products 941:995 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 6 56 theme dodecyl 1089:1095 arg1 electrophoresis 1125:1139 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1082:1139 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1082:1139 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 10 57 theme thrombin-activation 1694:1712 arg1 comparable 1749:1758 comparable 1749:1758 comparable 1749:1758 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain were comparable with those obtained by activation of commercially available rFVIII products. 26037285 10 57 theme thrombin-activation 1694:1712 arg1 products 1714:1721 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products 1669:1721 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain 1669:1742 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain were comparable with those obtained by activation of commercially available rFVIII products. 26037285 4 58 theme full-length 780:790 arg1 rFVIII 792:797 full-length rFVIII 780:797 full-length rFVIII 780:797 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 11 59 theme tyrosine 1966:1973 arg1 sulphation 1975:1984 tyrosine sulphation 1966:1984 tyrosine sulphation 1966:1984 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications were similar to other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products for N-glycopattern and tyrosine sulphation. 26037285 8 60 theme liquid 1433:1438 arg1 spectrometry 1499:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 Proteolysis by trypsin generated the corresponding peptides, which were analysed for sulphated tyrosines by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry. 26037285 7 61 theme liquid 1302:1307 arg1 chromatography 1309:1322 high-performance liquid chromatography 1285:1322 high-performance liquid chromatography 1285:1322 Analysis of the respective carbohydrate structures was performed after release of N-glycans by PNGase F followed by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography. 26037285 8 62 theme ionisation 1468:1477 arg1 spectrometry 1499:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 Proteolysis by trypsin generated the corresponding peptides, which were analysed for sulphated tyrosines by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry. 26037285 4 63 theme thrombin 529:536 arg1 products 547:554 thrombin cleavage products 529:554 thrombin cleavage products 529:554 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 4 64 theme B-domain 752:759 arg1 rFVIII 769:774 B-domain deleted rFVIII 752:774 B-domain deleted rFVIII 752:774 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 5 65 theme ovary 852:856 arg1 cells 864:868 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 836:868 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 836:868 rVIII-SingleChain was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and purified by chromatographic methods. 26037285 8 66 theme of 1484:1485 arg1 spectrometry 1499:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry 1433:1510 Proteolysis by trypsin generated the corresponding peptides, which were analysed for sulphated tyrosines by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation time of flight-mass spectrometry. 26037285 7 67 theme fluorescence 1258:1269 arg1 labelling 1271:1279 fluorescence labelling 1258:1279 fluorescence labelling 1258:1279 Analysis of the respective carbohydrate structures was performed after release of N-glycans by PNGase F followed by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography. 26037285 2 68 theme Post-translational 239:256 arg1 modifications 258:270 Post-translational modifications 239:270 Post-translational modifications of FVIII 239:279 Post-translational modifications of FVIII affect physicochemical parameters, including hydrophobicity and charge. 26037285 1 69 theme recombinant 130:140 arg1 rVIII-SingleChain 101:117 rVIII-SingleChain 101:117 rVIII-SingleChain 101:117 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 1 69 theme recombinant 130:140 arg1 construct 175:183 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct 122:183 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct 122:183 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 5 70 theme Chinese 836:842 arg1 cells 864:868 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 836:868 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 836:868 rVIII-SingleChain was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and purified by chromatographic methods. 26037285 11 71 theme post-translational 1855:1872 arg1 modifications 1874:1886 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications 1837:1886 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications 1837:1886 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications were similar to other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products for N-glycopattern and tyrosine sulphation. 26037285 4 72 dep structure 741:749 arg1 rFVIII 769:774 B-domain deleted rFVIII 752:774 B-domain deleted rFVIII 752:774 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 4 72 dep structure 741:749 arg1 rFVIII 792:797 full-length rFVIII 780:797 full-length rFVIII 780:797 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 1 73 theme factor 155:160 arg1 FVIII 168:172 FVIII 168:172 FVIII 168:172 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 1 73 theme factor 155:160 arg1 VIII 162:165 single-chain factor VIII 142:165 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct 122:183 rVIII-SingleChain is a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII (FVIII) construct, comprising covalently bonded heavy and light chains. 26037285 12 74 from pattern 2089:2095 arg1 activation 2100:2109 activation 2100:2109 activation 2100:2109 In conclusion, rVIII-SingleChain is of high homogeneity and purity, and provides an expected cleavage pattern on activation, setting the basis for optimal efficacy in the patient. 26037285 0 75 theme factor 88:93 arg1 VIII 95:98 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII 55:98 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII 55:98 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 26037285 0 75 theme factor 88:93 arg1 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 26037285 5 76 theme chromatographic 886:900 arg1 methods 902:908 chromatographic methods 886:908 chromatographic methods 886:908 rVIII-SingleChain was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and purified by chromatographic methods. 26037285 12 77 theme expected 2071:2078 arg1 pattern 2089:2095 an expected cleavage pattern 2068:2095 an expected cleavage pattern on activation 2068:2109 In conclusion, rVIII-SingleChain is of high homogeneity and purity, and provides an expected cleavage pattern on activation, setting the basis for optimal efficacy in the patient. 26037285 3 78 theme post-translational 371:388 arg1 modifications 390:402 The most relevant post-translational modifications 353:402 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products 353:420 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 3 78 theme post-translational 371:388 arg1 N-glycosylation 426:440 N-glycosylation 426:440 N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations 426:488 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 5 79 theme CHO 859:861 arg1 cells 864:868 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 836:868 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 836:868 rVIII-SingleChain was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and purified by chromatographic methods. 26037285 4 80 theme post-translational 560:577 arg1 modifications 579:591 post-translational modifications 560:591 post-translational modifications 560:591 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 7 81 theme carbohydrate 1169:1180 arg1 structures 1182:1191 the respective carbohydrate structures 1154:1191 the respective carbohydrate structures 1154:1191 Analysis of the respective carbohydrate structures was performed after release of N-glycans by PNGase F followed by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography. 26037285 3 82 theme products 413:420 arg1 modifications 390:402 The most relevant post-translational modifications 353:402 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products 353:420 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 3 82 theme products 413:420 arg1 N-glycosylation 426:440 N-glycosylation 426:440 N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations 426:488 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 10 83 theme rFVIII 1820:1825 arg1 products 1827:1834 commercially available rFVIII products 1797:1834 commercially available rFVIII products 1797:1834 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain were comparable with those obtained by activation of commercially available rFVIII products. 26037285 9 84 theme single-chain 1608:1619 arg1 molecule 1621:1628 a well-defined single-chain molecule 1593:1628 a well-defined single-chain molecule 1593:1628 rVIII-SingleChain was shown to be of high purity and homogeneity, and presented a well-defined single-chain molecule with predominant β-sheet conformation. 26037285 4 85 theme FVIII 688:692 arg1 products 703:710 commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products 653:710 commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products 653:710 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 7 86 dep performed 1197:1205 arg1 followed 1246:1253 followed 1246:1253 followed by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography 1246:1322 Analysis of the respective carbohydrate structures was performed after release of N-glycans by PNGase F followed by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography. 26037285 0 87 theme rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 arg1 characterisation 16:31 Physicochemical characterisation 0:31 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 0:99 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 26037285 3 88 gly N-glycosylation 426:440 arg1 residues 456:463 asparagine residues 445:463 asparagine residues 445:463 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 3 88 gly N-glycosylation 426:440 arg1 sulphations 478:488 tyrosine sulphations 469:488 tyrosine sulphations 469:488 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 12 89 theme high 2026:2029 arg1 homogeneity 2031:2041 high homogeneity 2026:2041 high homogeneity 2026:2041 In conclusion, rVIII-SingleChain is of high homogeneity and purity, and provides an expected cleavage pattern on activation, setting the basis for optimal efficacy in the patient. 26037285 12 90 from efficacy 2142:2149 arg1 patient 2158:2164 the patient 2154:2164 the patient 2154:2164 In conclusion, rVIII-SingleChain is of high homogeneity and purity, and provides an expected cleavage pattern on activation, setting the basis for optimal efficacy in the patient. 26037285 3 91 theme asparagine 445:454 arg1 residues 456:463 asparagine residues 445:463 asparagine residues 445:463 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 9 92 theme β-sheet 1647:1653 arg1 conformation 1655:1666 predominant β-sheet conformation 1635:1666 predominant β-sheet conformation 1635:1666 rVIII-SingleChain was shown to be of high purity and homogeneity, and presented a well-defined single-chain molecule with predominant β-sheet conformation. 26037285 0 93 theme recombinant 63:73 arg1 VIII 95:98 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII 55:98 a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII 55:98 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 26037285 0 93 theme recombinant 63:73 arg1 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 rVIII-SingleChain 36:52 Physicochemical characterisation of rVIII-SingleChain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor VIII. 26037285 6 94 theme size-exclusion 1017:1030 arg1 chromatography 1032:1045 size-exclusion chromatography 1017:1045 size-exclusion chromatography 1017:1045 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 3 95 theme sulphations 478:488 arg1 modifications 390:402 The most relevant post-translational modifications 353:402 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products 353:420 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 3 95 theme sulphations 478:488 arg1 N-glycosylation 426:440 N-glycosylation 426:440 N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations 426:488 The most relevant post-translational modifications of FVIII products are N-glycosylation of asparagine residues and tyrosine sulphations. 26037285 4 96 theme available 666:674 arg1 products 703:710 commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products 653:710 commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products 653:710 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 4 97 theme two-chain 731:739 arg1 structure 741:749 a predominant two-chain structure 717:749 a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII) 717:798 Here, the physicochemical properties, thrombin cleavage products and post-translational modifications of rVIII-SingleChain were investigated and compared against commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products with a predominant two-chain structure (B-domain deleted rFVIII and full-length rFVIII). 26037285 10 98 theme coagulation-relevant 1673:1692 arg1 comparable 1749:1758 comparable 1749:1758 comparable 1749:1758 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain were comparable with those obtained by activation of commercially available rFVIII products. 26037285 10 98 theme coagulation-relevant 1673:1692 arg1 products 1714:1721 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products 1669:1721 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain 1669:1742 The coagulation-relevant thrombin-activation products of rVIII-SingleChain were comparable with those obtained by activation of commercially available rFVIII products. 26037285 6 99 theme products 988:995 arg1 properties 927:936 Physicochemical properties 911:936 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products 911:995 Physicochemical properties of rVIII-SingleChain or thrombin-derived cleavage products were assessed using size-exclusion chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 26037285 11 100 theme cell-derived 1914:1925 arg1 products 1934:1941 other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products 1904:1941 other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products 1904:1941 rVIII-SingleChain post-translational modifications were similar to other CHO cell-derived rFVIII products for N-glycopattern and tyrosine sulphation. 26387503 5 0 dep -glucan 1018:1024 arg1 1→3 1014:1016 1→3 1014:1016 1→3 1014:1016 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 4 1 theme molecular 770:778 arg1 mass 780:783 a high molecular mass 763:783 a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan 763:796 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 2 theme glycosyl 678:685 arg1 residues 687:694 EV glycosyl residues 675:694 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal 675:715 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 2 theme glycosyl 678:685 arg1 Man 704:706 Man 704:706 Man 704:706 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 2 theme glycosyl 678:685 arg1 Gal 713:715 Gal 713:715 Gal 713:715 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 2 theme glycosyl 678:685 arg1 Glc 699:701 Glc 699:701 Glc 699:701 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 8 3 theme surface 1489:1495 arg1 PAMPs 1497:1501 surface PAMPs 1489:1501 surface PAMPs 1489:1501 Our results suggest that oligosaccharides, cytoplasmic storage, and cell wall polysaccharides can be exported in fungal EVs, which also expose surface PAMPs and lectins. 26387503 3 4 theme gas 575:577 arg1 spectrometry 599:610 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 575:610 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 575:610 Total EV carbohydrates were ethanol-precipitated from preparations depleted of lipids and proteins, then analyzed by chemical degradation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and size-exclusion chromatography. 26387503 8 5 theme cytoplasmic 1389:1399 arg1 storage 1401:1407 cytoplasmic storage 1389:1407 cytoplasmic storage 1389:1407 Our results suggest that oligosaccharides, cytoplasmic storage, and cell wall polysaccharides can be exported in fungal EVs, which also expose surface PAMPs and lectins. 26387503 4 6 theme EV 675:676 arg1 residues 687:694 EV glycosyl residues 675:694 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal 675:715 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 6 theme EV 675:676 arg1 Man 704:706 Man 704:706 Man 704:706 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 6 theme EV 675:676 arg1 Gal 713:715 Gal 713:715 Gal 713:715 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 6 theme EV 675:676 arg1 Glc 699:701 Glc 699:701 Glc 699:701 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 6 7 theme EV 1089:1090 arg1 s 1107:1107 EV surface lectin(s) 1089:1108 EV surface lectin(s) 1089:1108 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 4 8 theme 2-α-Manp 860:867 arg1 chain 874:878 a 2-α-Manp main chain 858:878 a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units 858:928 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 3 9 theme EV 442:443 arg1 carbohydrates 445:457 Total EV carbohydrates 436:457 Total EV carbohydrates 436:457 Total EV carbohydrates were ethanol-precipitated from preparations depleted of lipids and proteins, then analyzed by chemical degradation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and size-exclusion chromatography. 26387503 2 10 theme EVs 326:328 arg1 composition 277:287 carbohydrate composition 264:287 carbohydrate composition 264:287 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 2 10 theme EVs 326:328 arg1 epitopes 314:321 surface carbohydrate epitopes 293:321 surface carbohydrate epitopes 293:321 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 3 11 theme size-exclusion 644:657 arg1 chromatography 659:672 size-exclusion chromatography 644:672 size-exclusion chromatography 644:672 Total EV carbohydrates were ethanol-precipitated from preparations depleted of lipids and proteins, then analyzed by chemical degradation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and size-exclusion chromatography. 26387503 0 12 theme DC-SIGN 112:118 arg1 receptors 120:128 DC-SIGN receptors 112:128 DC-SIGN receptors 112:128 Extracellular vesicles from Paracoccidioides pathogenic species transport polysaccharide and expose ligands for DC-SIGN receptors. 26387503 6 13 theme lectin 1123:1128 arg1 profiling 1141:1149 plant lectin microarray profiling 1117:1149 plant lectin microarray profiling 1117:1149 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 4 14 theme end 920:922 arg1 units 924:928 end units 920:928 end units 920:928 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 7 15 theme Mammalian 1221:1229 arg1 profiling 1249:1257 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling 1221:1257 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling 1221:1257 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling showed that DC-SIGN receptors recognized surface carbohydrate in Paracoccidioides EVs. 26387503 5 16 theme 1→6 994:996 arg1 polymer 1004:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 4 17 attach linked 880:885 arg1 α-Manp 907:912 α-Manp 907:912 α-Manp (1,6) 907:918 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 17 attach linked 880:885 arg1 β-Galf 890:895 β-Galf 890:895 β-Galf (1,3) 890:901 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 17 attach linked 880:885 arg1 1,3 898:900 1,3 898:900 1,3 898:900 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 17 attach linked 880:885 arg1 1,6 915:917 1,6 915:917 1,6 915:917 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 17 attach linked 880:885 arg2 chain 874:878 a 2-α-Manp main chain 858:878 a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units 858:928 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 18 theme high 765:768 arg1 mass 780:783 a high molecular mass 763:783 a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan 763:796 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 9 19 from role 1520:1523 arg1 interaction 1569:1579 the interaction 1565:1579 the interaction with the host 1565:1593 The role of these newly identified components in the interaction with the host remains to be unraveled. 26387503 9 20 theme components 1551:1560 arg1 role 1520:1523 The role 1516:1523 The role of these newly identified components in the interaction with the host 1516:1593 The role of these newly identified components in the interaction with the host remains to be unraveled. 26387503 9 20 theme components 1551:1560 arg1 unraveled 1609:1617 unraveled 1609:1617 unraveled 1609:1617 The role of these newly identified components in the interaction with the host remains to be unraveled. 26387503 1 21 theme molecules 198:206 arg1 transport 185:193 non-conventional transport 168:193 non-conventional transport of molecules across the fungal cell wall 168:234 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate non-conventional transport of molecules across the fungal cell wall. 26387503 2 22 dep composition 277:287 arg1 the 260:262 the 260:262 the 260:262 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 0 23 from species 56:62 arg1 vesicles 14:21 Extracellular vesicles 0:21 Extracellular vesicles from Paracoccidioides pathogenic species 0:62 Extracellular vesicles from Paracoccidioides pathogenic species transport polysaccharide and expose ligands for DC-SIGN receptors. 26387503 5 24 dep -glucan 1035:1041 arg1 1→6 1031:1033 1→6 1031:1033 1→6 1031:1033 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 2 25 theme carbohydrate 301:312 arg1 epitopes 314:321 surface carbohydrate epitopes 293:321 surface carbohydrate epitopes 293:321 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 3 26 theme Total 436:440 arg1 carbohydrates 445:457 Total EV carbohydrates 436:457 Total EV carbohydrates 436:457 Total EV carbohydrates were ethanol-precipitated from preparations depleted of lipids and proteins, then analyzed by chemical degradation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and size-exclusion chromatography. 26387503 6 27 theme microarray 1130:1139 arg1 profiling 1141:1149 plant lectin microarray profiling 1117:1149 plant lectin microarray profiling 1117:1149 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 2 28 theme pathogenic 348:357 arg1 fungi 359:363 the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii 344:407 the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii 344:407 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 0 29 theme Extracellular 0:12 arg1 vesicles 14:21 Extracellular vesicles 0:21 Extracellular vesicles from Paracoccidioides pathogenic species 0:62 Extracellular vesicles from Paracoccidioides pathogenic species transport polysaccharide and expose ligands for DC-SIGN receptors. 26387503 5 30 theme -Manp 998:1002 arg1 polymer 1004:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 2 31 dep fungi 359:363 arg1 brasiliensis 382:393 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 365:393 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 365:393 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 2 31 dep fungi 359:363 arg1 lutzii 402:407 P. lutzii 399:407 P. lutzii 399:407 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 1 32 theme fungal 219:224 arg1 wall 231:234 the fungal cell wall 215:234 the fungal cell wall 215:234 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate non-conventional transport of molecules across the fungal cell wall. 26387503 0 33 theme Paracoccidioides 28:43 arg1 species 56:62 Paracoccidioides pathogenic species 28:62 Paracoccidioides pathogenic species 28:62 Extracellular vesicles from Paracoccidioides pathogenic species transport polysaccharide and expose ligands for DC-SIGN receptors. 26387503 4 34 dep components 751:760 arg1 4,6-α-glucan 785:796 a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan 763:796 a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan 763:796 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 34 dep components 751:760 arg1 galactofuranosylmannan 804:825 a galactofuranosylmannan 802:825 a galactofuranosylmannan 802:825 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 34 dep components 751:760 arg1 components 751:760 two major components 741:760 two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan 741:825 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 7 35 theme Paracoccidioides 1324:1339 arg1 EVs 1341:1343 Paracoccidioides EVs 1324:1343 Paracoccidioides EVs 1324:1343 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling showed that DC-SIGN receptors recognized surface carbohydrate in Paracoccidioides EVs. 26387503 6 36 theme plant 1117:1121 arg1 profiling 1141:1149 plant lectin microarray profiling 1117:1149 plant lectin microarray profiling 1117:1149 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 9 37 with interaction 1569:1579 arg1 host 1590:1593 the host 1586:1593 the host 1586:1593 The role of these newly identified components in the interaction with the host remains to be unraveled. 26387503 1 38 theme cell 226:229 arg1 wall 231:234 the fungal cell wall 215:234 the fungal cell wall 215:234 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate non-conventional transport of molecules across the fungal cell wall. 26387503 5 39 theme amounts 980:986 arg1 presence 962:969 the presence 958:969 the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan 958:1041 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 2 40 attach isolated 330:337 arg1 fungi 359:363 the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii 344:407 the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii 344:407 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 2 40 attach isolated 330:337 arg2 EVs 326:328 EVs 326:328 EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures 326:433 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 8 41 theme fungal 1459:1464 arg1 EVs 1466:1468 fungal EVs 1459:1468 fungal EVs 1459:1468 Our results suggest that oligosaccharides, cytoplasmic storage, and cell wall polysaccharides can be exported in fungal EVs, which also expose surface PAMPs and lectins. 26387503 1 42 theme Extracellular 131:143 arg1 EVs 155:157 EVs 155:157 EVs 155:157 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate non-conventional transport of molecules across the fungal cell wall. 26387503 1 42 theme Extracellular 131:143 arg1 vesicles 145:152 Extracellular vesicles 131:152 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) 131:158 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate non-conventional transport of molecules across the fungal cell wall. 26387503 2 43 theme standard 415:422 arg1 procedures 424:433 standard procedures 415:433 standard procedures 415:433 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 7 44 theme DC-SIGN 1271:1277 arg1 receptors 1279:1287 DC-SIGN receptors 1271:1287 DC-SIGN receptors 1271:1287 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling showed that DC-SIGN receptors recognized surface carbohydrate in Paracoccidioides EVs. 26387503 7 45 theme lectin 1231:1236 arg1 profiling 1249:1257 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling 1221:1257 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling 1221:1257 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling showed that DC-SIGN receptors recognized surface carbohydrate in Paracoccidioides EVs. 26387503 4 46 theme major 745:749 arg1 4,6-α-glucan 785:796 a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan 763:796 a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan 763:796 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 46 theme major 745:749 arg1 galactofuranosylmannan 804:825 a galactofuranosylmannan 802:825 a galactofuranosylmannan 802:825 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 46 theme major 745:749 arg1 oligomer 840:847 an oligomer 837:847 possibly an oligomer 828:847 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 46 theme major 745:749 arg1 components 751:760 two major components 741:760 two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan 741:825 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 47 dep β-Galf 890:895 arg1 units 924:928 end units 920:928 end units 920:928 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 0 48 theme pathogenic 45:54 arg1 species 56:62 Paracoccidioides pathogenic species 28:62 Paracoccidioides pathogenic species 28:62 Extracellular vesicles from Paracoccidioides pathogenic species transport polysaccharide and expose ligands for DC-SIGN receptors. 26387503 5 49 theme -glucan 1018:1024 arg1 -glucan 1035:1041 (1→6)-glucan 1030:1041 (1→6)-glucan 1030:1041 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 49 theme -glucan 1018:1024 arg1 -glucan 1018:1024 (1→3)-glucan 1013:1024 (1→3)-glucan 1013:1024 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 49 theme -glucan 1018:1024 arg1 polymer 1004:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 49 theme -glucan 1018:1024 arg1 amounts 980:986 small amounts 974:986 small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan 974:1041 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 8 50 theme wall 1419:1422 arg1 polysaccharides 1424:1438 cell wall polysaccharides 1414:1438 cell wall polysaccharides 1414:1438 Our results suggest that oligosaccharides, cytoplasmic storage, and cell wall polysaccharides can be exported in fungal EVs, which also expose surface PAMPs and lectins. 26387503 6 51 theme lectin 1100:1105 arg1 s 1107:1107 EV surface lectin(s) 1089:1108 EV surface lectin(s) 1089:1108 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 3 52 theme chemical 553:560 arg1 degradation 562:572 chemical degradation 553:572 chemical degradation 553:572 Total EV carbohydrates were ethanol-precipitated from preparations depleted of lipids and proteins, then analyzed by chemical degradation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and size-exclusion chromatography. 26387503 6 53 theme terminal 1160:1167 arg1 Man 1169:1171 terminal Man and GlcNAc residues 1160:1191 Man 1169:1171 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 6 54 theme Glycan 1044:1049 arg1 microarrays 1051:1061 Glycan microarrays 1044:1061 Glycan microarrays 1044:1061 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 8 55 theme cell 1414:1417 arg1 polysaccharides 1424:1438 cell wall polysaccharides 1414:1438 cell wall polysaccharides 1414:1438 Our results suggest that oligosaccharides, cytoplasmic storage, and cell wall polysaccharides can be exported in fungal EVs, which also expose surface PAMPs and lectins. 26387503 4 56 theme mass 780:783 arg1 4,6-α-glucan 785:796 a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan 763:796 a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan 763:796 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 56 theme mass 780:783 arg1 components 751:760 two major components 741:760 two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan 741:825 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 7 57 theme microarray 1238:1247 arg1 profiling 1249:1257 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling 1221:1257 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling 1221:1257 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling showed that DC-SIGN receptors recognized surface carbohydrate in Paracoccidioides EVs. 26387503 5 58 theme small 974:978 arg1 -glucan 1035:1041 (1→6)-glucan 1030:1041 (1→6)-glucan 1030:1041 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 58 theme small 974:978 arg1 -glucan 1018:1024 (1→3)-glucan 1013:1024 (1→3)-glucan 1013:1024 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 58 theme small 974:978 arg1 polymer 1004:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 58 theme small 974:978 arg1 amounts 980:986 small amounts 974:986 small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan 974:1041 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 4 59 theme main 869:872 arg1 chain 874:878 a 2-α-Manp main chain 858:878 a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units 858:928 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 2 60 theme surface 293:299 arg1 epitopes 314:321 surface carbohydrate epitopes 293:321 surface carbohydrate epitopes 293:321 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 6 61 theme EVs 1208:1210 arg1 surface 1212:1218 the EVs surface 1204:1218 the EVs surface 1204:1218 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 6 62 theme s 1107:1107 arg1 identification 1071:1084 identification 1071:1084 identification of EV surface lectin(s) 1071:1108 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 3 63 theme nuclear 613:619 arg1 resonance 630:638 nuclear magnetic resonance 613:638 nuclear magnetic resonance 613:638 Total EV carbohydrates were ethanol-precipitated from preparations depleted of lipids and proteins, then analyzed by chemical degradation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and size-exclusion chromatography. 26387503 5 64 theme -glucan 1035:1041 arg1 -glucan 1035:1041 (1→6)-glucan 1030:1041 (1→6)-glucan 1030:1041 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 64 theme -glucan 1035:1041 arg1 -glucan 1018:1024 (1→3)-glucan 1013:1024 (1→3)-glucan 1013:1024 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 64 theme -glucan 1035:1041 arg1 polymer 1004:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 64 theme -glucan 1035:1041 arg1 amounts 980:986 small amounts 974:986 small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan 974:1041 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 3 65 theme magnetic 621:628 arg1 resonance 630:638 nuclear magnetic resonance 613:638 nuclear magnetic resonance 613:638 Total EV carbohydrates were ethanol-precipitated from preparations depleted of lipids and proteins, then analyzed by chemical degradation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and size-exclusion chromatography. 26387503 6 66 theme surface 1092:1098 arg1 s 1107:1107 EV surface lectin(s) 1089:1108 EV surface lectin(s) 1089:1108 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 4 67 theme Glc 699:701 arg1 residues 687:694 EV glycosyl residues 675:694 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal 675:715 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 67 theme Glc 699:701 arg1 Man 704:706 Man 704:706 Man 704:706 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 67 theme Glc 699:701 arg1 Gal 713:715 Gal 713:715 Gal 713:715 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 67 theme Glc 699:701 arg1 Glc 699:701 Glc 699:701 Glc 699:701 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 6 68 theme GlcNAc 1177:1182 arg1 residues 1184:1191 terminal Man and GlcNAc residues 1160:1191 residues 1184:1191 Glycan microarrays allowed identification of EV surface lectin(s), while plant lectin microarray profiling revealed terminal Man and GlcNAc residues exposed at the EVs surface. 26387503 4 69 theme Gal 713:715 arg1 residues 687:694 EV glycosyl residues 675:694 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal 675:715 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 69 theme Gal 713:715 arg1 Man 704:706 Man 704:706 Man 704:706 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 69 theme Gal 713:715 arg1 Gal 713:715 Gal 713:715 Gal 713:715 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 69 theme Gal 713:715 arg1 Glc 699:701 Glc 699:701 Glc 699:701 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 3 70 theme chromatography-mass 579:597 arg1 spectrometry 599:610 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 575:610 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 575:610 Total EV carbohydrates were ethanol-precipitated from preparations depleted of lipids and proteins, then analyzed by chemical degradation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and size-exclusion chromatography. 26387503 7 71 theme surface 1300:1306 arg1 carbohydrate 1308:1319 surface carbohydrate 1300:1319 surface carbohydrate 1300:1319 Mammalian lectin microarray profiling showed that DC-SIGN receptors recognized surface carbohydrate in Paracoccidioides EVs. 26387503 9 72 theme identified 1540:1549 arg1 components 1551:1560 these newly identified components 1528:1560 these newly identified components 1528:1560 The role of these newly identified components in the interaction with the host remains to be unraveled. 26387503 5 73 theme polymer 1004:1010 arg1 -glucan 1035:1041 (1→6)-glucan 1030:1041 (1→6)-glucan 1030:1041 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 73 theme polymer 1004:1010 arg1 -glucan 1018:1024 (1→3)-glucan 1013:1024 (1→3)-glucan 1013:1024 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 73 theme polymer 1004:1010 arg1 polymer 1004:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 a (1→6)-Manp polymer 991:1010 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 5 73 theme polymer 1004:1010 arg1 amounts 980:986 small amounts 974:986 small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan 974:1041 The results also suggested the presence of small amounts of a (1→6)-Manp polymer, (1→3)-glucan and (1→6)-glucan. 26387503 2 74 theme carbohydrate 264:275 arg1 composition 277:287 carbohydrate composition 264:287 carbohydrate composition 264:287 We aimed at describing the carbohydrate composition and surface carbohydrate epitopes of EVs isolated from the pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii using standard procedures. 26387503 1 75 theme non-conventional 168:183 arg1 transport 185:193 non-conventional transport 168:193 non-conventional transport of molecules across the fungal cell wall 168:234 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate non-conventional transport of molecules across the fungal cell wall. 26387503 4 76 theme Man 704:706 arg1 residues 687:694 EV glycosyl residues 675:694 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal 675:715 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 76 theme Man 704:706 arg1 Man 704:706 Man 704:706 Man 704:706 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 76 theme Man 704:706 arg1 Gal 713:715 Gal 713:715 Gal 713:715 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 26387503 4 76 theme Man 704:706 arg1 Glc 699:701 Glc 699:701 Glc 699:701 EV glycosyl residues of Glc, Man, and Gal comprised most probably two major components: a high molecular mass 4,6-α-glucan and a galactofuranosylmannan, possibly an oligomer, bearing a 2-α-Manp main chain linked to β-Galf (1,3) and α-Manp (1,6) end units. 24145528 4 0 theme antibiotic 885:894 arg1 profile 911:917 the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile 871:917 the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile 871:917 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 4 1 theme wild-type 927:935 arg1 lipid 937:941 the wild-type lipid 923:941 the wild-type lipid 923:941 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 1 2 theme synthase 197:204 arg1 enzyme 220:225 a key enzyme 214:225 a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 214:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 1 2 theme synthase 197:204 arg1 FabY 206:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY 158:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY 158:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 5 3 from shift 1070:1074 arg1 profile 1109:1115 the antibiotic susceptibility profile 1079:1115 the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant 1079:1135 We suggest that incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane contributes to the shift in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant. 24145528 4 4 theme wild-type 875:883 arg1 profile 911:917 the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile 871:917 the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile 871:917 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 4 5 from species 709:715 arg1 mutant 730:735 the ΔfabY mutant 720:735 the ΔfabY mutant 720:735 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 5 6 theme lipid 1011:1015 arg1 species 1019:1025 hypoacylated lipid A species 998:1025 hypoacylated lipid A species 998:1025 We suggest that incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane contributes to the shift in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant. 24145528 0 7 from Deletion 0:7 arg1 aeruginosa 59:68 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47:68 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47:68 Deletion of the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces hypoacylation of lipopolysaccharide and increases antimicrobial susceptibility. 24145528 4 8 theme lauroyl 763:769 arg1 group 771:775 a single secondary lauroyl group 744:775 a single secondary lauroyl group 744:775 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 0 9 theme lipopolysaccharide 95:112 arg1 hypoacylation 78:90 hypoacylation 78:90 hypoacylation of lipopolysaccharide 78:112 Deletion of the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces hypoacylation of lipopolysaccharide and increases antimicrobial susceptibility. 24145528 4 10 theme susceptibility 896:909 arg1 profile 911:917 the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile 871:917 the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile 871:917 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 3 11 theme lipid 525:529 arg1 composition 531:541 membrane lipid composition 516:541 membrane lipid composition 516:541 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 0 12 theme antimicrobial 128:140 arg1 susceptibility 142:155 antimicrobial susceptibility 128:155 antimicrobial susceptibility 128:155 Deletion of the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces hypoacylation of lipopolysaccharide and increases antimicrobial susceptibility. 24145528 5 13 theme ΔfabY 1124:1128 arg1 mutant 1130:1135 the ΔfabY mutant 1120:1135 the ΔfabY mutant 1120:1135 We suggest that incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane contributes to the shift in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant. 24145528 4 14 theme secondary 753:761 arg1 group 771:775 a single secondary lauroyl group 744:775 a single secondary lauroyl group 744:775 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 2 15 theme fabY 311:314 arg1 Deletion 299:306 Deletion 299:306 Deletion of fabY 299:314 Deletion of fabY results in an increased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa in vitro to a number of antibiotics, including vancomycin and cephalosporins. 24145528 3 16 theme antibiotic 458:467 arg1 susceptibility 469:482 antibiotic susceptibility 458:482 antibiotic susceptibility 458:482 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 5 17 theme mutant 1130:1135 arg1 profile 1109:1115 the antibiotic susceptibility profile 1079:1115 the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant 1079:1135 We suggest that incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane contributes to the shift in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant. 24145528 4 18 theme growth 849:854 arg1 media 856:860 the growth media 845:860 the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile 845:917 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 3 19 theme acid 574:577 arg1 profile 579:585 the total fatty acid profile 558:585 the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide 558:682 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 4 20 from majority 689:696 arg1 mutant 730:735 the ΔfabY mutant 720:735 the ΔfabY mutant 720:735 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 3 21 theme total 562:566 arg1 profile 579:585 the total fatty acid profile 558:585 the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide 558:682 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 3 22 theme mutant 600:605 arg1 profile 579:585 the total fatty acid profile 558:585 the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide 558:682 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 1 23 theme key 216:218 arg1 enzyme 220:225 a key enzyme 214:225 a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 214:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 1 23 theme key 216:218 arg1 FabY 206:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY 158:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY 158:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 4 24 theme single 746:751 arg1 group 771:775 a single secondary lauroyl group 744:775 a single secondary lauroyl group 744:775 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 2 25 theme antibiotics 396:406 arg1 cephalosporins 434:447 cephalosporins 434:447 cephalosporins 434:447 Deletion of fabY results in an increased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa in vitro to a number of antibiotics, including vancomycin and cephalosporins. 24145528 2 25 theme antibiotics 396:406 arg1 vancomycin 419:428 vancomycin 419:428 vancomycin 419:428 Deletion of fabY results in an increased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa in vitro to a number of antibiotics, including vancomycin and cephalosporins. 24145528 2 25 theme antibiotics 396:406 arg1 number 386:391 a number 384:391 a number 384:391 Deletion of fabY results in an increased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa in vitro to a number of antibiotics, including vancomycin and cephalosporins. 24145528 0 26 theme β-acetoacetyl 16:28 arg1 FabY 39:42 the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY 12:42 the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY 12:42 Deletion of the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces hypoacylation of lipopolysaccharide and increases antimicrobial susceptibility. 24145528 4 27 theme fatty 945:949 arg1 profile 956:962 A fatty acid profile 943:962 A fatty acid profile 943:962 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 2 28 theme increased 330:338 arg1 susceptibility 340:353 an increased susceptibility 327:353 an increased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa 327:370 Deletion of fabY results in an increased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa in vitro to a number of antibiotics, including vancomycin and cephalosporins. 24145528 3 29 theme fatty 568:572 arg1 profile 579:585 the total fatty acid profile 558:585 the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide 558:682 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 3 30 theme lipopolysaccharide 665:682 arg1 region 651:656 the lipid A region 639:656 the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide 639:682 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 3 31 theme ΔfabY 594:598 arg1 mutant 600:605 the ΔfabY mutant 590:605 the ΔfabY mutant 590:605 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 3 32 from alterations 624:634 arg1 region 651:656 the lipid A region 639:656 the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide 639:682 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 4 33 theme species 709:715 arg1 majority 689:696 The majority 685:696 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant 685:735 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 0 34 theme FabY 39:42 arg1 Deletion 0:7 Deletion 0:7 Deletion of the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0:68 Deletion of the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces hypoacylation of lipopolysaccharide and increases antimicrobial susceptibility. 24145528 4 35 theme lipid 701:705 arg1 species 709:715 lipid A species 701:715 lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant 701:735 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 5 36 theme susceptibility 1094:1107 arg1 profile 1109:1115 the antibiotic susceptibility profile 1079:1115 the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant 1079:1135 We suggest that incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane contributes to the shift in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant. 24145528 5 37 theme outer 1036:1040 arg1 membrane 1042:1049 the outer membrane 1032:1049 the outer membrane 1032:1049 We suggest that incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane contributes to the shift in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant. 24145528 4 38 dep lipid 804:808 arg1 A. 810:811 A. 810:811 A. 810:811 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 4 38 dep lipid 804:808 arg1 profile 956:962 A fatty acid profile 943:962 A fatty acid profile 943:962 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 0 39 theme synthase 30:37 arg1 FabY 39:42 the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY 12:42 the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY 12:42 Deletion of the β-acetoacetyl synthase FabY in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces hypoacylation of lipopolysaccharide and increases antimicrobial susceptibility. 24145528 1 40 from aeruginosa 287:296 arg1 initiation 234:243 the initiation 230:243 the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 230:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 4 41 theme fatty 830:834 arg1 acids 836:840 exogenous fatty acids 820:840 exogenous fatty acids 820:840 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 1 42 from initiation 234:243 arg1 aeruginosa 287:296 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 275:296 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 275:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 5 43 theme antibiotic 1083:1092 arg1 profile 1109:1115 the antibiotic susceptibility profile 1079:1115 the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant 1079:1135 We suggest that incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane contributes to the shift in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant. 24145528 1 44 from biosynthesis 259:270 arg1 aeruginosa 287:296 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 275:296 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 275:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 4 45 theme acid 951:954 arg1 profile 956:962 A fatty acid profile 943:962 A fatty acid profile 943:962 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 3 46 theme membrane 516:523 arg1 composition 531:541 membrane lipid composition 516:541 membrane lipid composition 516:541 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 3 47 from changes 505:511 arg1 composition 531:541 membrane lipid composition 516:541 membrane lipid composition 516:541 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 4 48 theme ΔfabY 724:728 arg1 mutant 730:735 the ΔfabY mutant 720:735 the ΔfabY mutant 720:735 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 5 49 theme A 1017:1017 arg1 species 1019:1025 hypoacylated lipid A species 998:1025 hypoacylated lipid A species 998:1025 We suggest that incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane contributes to the shift in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant. 24145528 3 50 theme A 649:649 arg1 region 651:656 the lipid A region 639:656 the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide 639:682 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 4 51 theme A 707:707 arg1 species 709:715 lipid A species 701:715 lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant 701:735 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 2 52 theme aeruginosa 361:370 arg1 susceptibility 340:353 an increased susceptibility 327:353 an increased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa 327:370 Deletion of fabY results in an increased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa in vitro to a number of antibiotics, including vancomycin and cephalosporins. 24145528 1 53 theme fatty 248:252 arg1 biosynthesis 259:270 fatty acid biosynthesis 248:270 fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 248:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 4 54 theme hypoacylated 791:802 arg1 lipid 804:808 hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile 791:962 lipid 804:808 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 5 55 theme species 1019:1025 arg1 incorporation 981:993 incorporation 981:993 incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane 981:1049 We suggest that incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane contributes to the shift in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant. 24145528 1 56 theme β-acetoacetyl-acyl 162:179 arg1 enzyme 220:225 a key enzyme 214:225 a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 214:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 1 56 theme β-acetoacetyl-acyl 162:179 arg1 FabY 206:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY 158:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY 158:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 4 57 from mutant 730:735 arg1 majority 689:696 The majority 685:696 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant 685:735 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 1 58 theme acid 254:257 arg1 biosynthesis 259:270 fatty acid biosynthesis 248:270 fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 248:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 5 59 theme hypoacylated 998:1009 arg1 species 1019:1025 hypoacylated lipid A species 998:1025 hypoacylated lipid A species 998:1025 We suggest that incorporation of hypoacylated lipid A species into the outer membrane contributes to the shift in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the ΔfabY mutant. 24145528 4 60 theme exogenous 820:828 arg1 acids 836:840 exogenous fatty acids 820:840 exogenous fatty acids 820:840 The majority of lipid A species in the ΔfabY mutant lacked a single secondary lauroyl group, resulting in hypoacylated lipid A. Adding exogenous fatty acids to the growth media restored the wild-type antibiotic susceptibility profile and the wild-type lipid A fatty acid profile. 24145528 1 61 from enzyme 220:225 arg1 initiation 234:243 the initiation 230:243 the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 230:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 1 62 theme carrier 181:187 arg1 enzyme 220:225 a key enzyme 214:225 a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 214:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 1 62 theme carrier 181:187 arg1 FabY 206:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY 158:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY 158:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 1 63 theme biosynthesis 259:270 arg1 initiation 234:243 the initiation 230:243 the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 230:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 3 64 theme lipid 643:647 arg1 region 651:656 the lipid A region 639:656 the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide 639:682 Because antibiotic susceptibility can be influenced by changes in membrane lipid composition, we determined the total fatty acid profile of the ΔfabY mutant, which suggested alterations in the lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide. 24145528 1 65 theme protein 189:195 arg1 enzyme 220:225 a key enzyme 214:225 a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 214:296 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24145528 1 65 theme protein 189:195 arg1 FabY 206:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY 158:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY 158:209 The β-acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase FabY is a key enzyme in the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 26027358 1 0 theme components 134:143 arg1 peptone 154:160 peptone 154:160 peptone 154:160 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 0 theme components 134:143 arg1 fiber 255:259 polycaproamide fiber 240:259 polycaproamide fiber 240:259 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 0 theme components 134:143 arg1 extract 169:175 yeast extract 163:175 yeast extract 163:175 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 0 theme components 134:143 arg1 ions 210:213 copper ions 203:213 copper ions 203:213 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 0 theme components 134:143 arg1 mono- 178:182 mono- 178:182 mono- 178:182 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 0 theme components 134:143 arg1 number 109:114 a number 107:114 a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, 107:260 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 0 theme components 134:143 arg1 2,6-dimethylphenol 216:233 2,6-dimethylphenol 216:233 2,6-dimethylphenol 216:233 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 2 1 theme different 492:500 arg1 isoforms 510:517 different laccase isoforms 492:517 different laccase isoforms 492:517 It was demonstrated that some saccharides selectively induced or inhibited the synthesis of different laccase isoforms. 26027358 4 2 theme isoforms 708:715 arg1 production 678:687 the production 674:687 the production of certain laccase isoforms 674:715 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 1 3 theme liquid 310:315 arg1 culture 302:308 the culture liquid 298:315 the culture liquid 298:315 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 4 4 theme basidial 720:727 arg1 fungi 729:733 basidial fungi 720:733 basidial fungi 720:733 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 3 5 theme Similar 520:526 arg1 action 528:533 Similar action 520:533 Similar action 520:533 Similar action was exerted by copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, as well as by their combination. 26027358 1 6 from production 337:346 arg1 culture 302:308 the culture liquid 298:315 the culture liquid 298:315 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 4 7 dep in 652:653 arg1 vivo 655:658 vivo 655:658 vivo 655:658 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 1 8 theme laccase 321:327 arg1 production 337:346 laccase isoform production 321:346 laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus 321:384 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 9 theme isoform 329:335 arg1 production 337:346 laccase isoform production 321:346 laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus 321:384 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 4 10 theme biotechnological 817:832 arg1 purposes 834:841 various biotechnological purposes 809:841 various biotechnological purposes 809:841 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 4 11 theme laccase 700:706 arg1 isoforms 708:715 certain laccase isoforms 692:715 certain laccase isoforms 692:715 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 0 12 theme [Selective 0:9 arg1 regulation 11:20 [Selective regulation 0:20 [Selective regulation of laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus 0:88 [Selective regulation of laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus]. 26027358 4 13 theme various 809:815 arg1 purposes 834:841 various biotechnological purposes 809:841 various biotechnological purposes 809:841 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 4 14 theme certain 692:698 arg1 isoforms 708:715 certain laccase isoforms 692:715 certain laccase isoforms 692:715 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 0 15 theme laccase 25:31 arg1 production 41:50 laccase isoform production 25:50 laccase isoform production 25:50 [Selective regulation of laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus]. 26027358 1 16 theme polycaproamide 240:253 arg1 fiber 255:259 polycaproamide fiber 240:259 polycaproamide fiber 240:259 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 17 theme yeast 163:167 arg1 extract 169:175 yeast extract 163:175 yeast extract 163:175 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 0 18 dep Lentinus 59:66 arg1 strigosus 68:76 strigosus 68:76 strigosus 68:76 [Selective regulation of laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus]. 26027358 4 19 theme in 652:653 arg1 regulation 660:669 Selective in vivo regulation 642:669 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition 642:787 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 0 20 theme production 41:50 arg1 regulation 11:20 [Selective regulation 0:20 [Selective regulation of laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus 0:88 [Selective regulation of laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus]. 26027358 2 21 theme isoforms 510:517 arg1 synthesis 479:487 the synthesis 475:487 the synthesis of different laccase isoforms 475:517 It was demonstrated that some saccharides selectively induced or inhibited the synthesis of different laccase isoforms. 26027358 0 22 theme isoform 33:39 arg1 production 41:50 laccase isoform production 25:50 laccase isoform production 25:50 [Selective regulation of laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus]. 26027358 2 23 theme laccase 502:508 arg1 isoforms 510:517 different laccase isoforms 492:517 different laccase isoforms 492:517 It was demonstrated that some saccharides selectively induced or inhibited the synthesis of different laccase isoforms. 26027358 4 24 theme medium 770:775 arg1 composition 777:787 the culturing medium composition 756:787 the culturing medium composition 756:787 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 1 25 from dynamics 286:293 arg1 culture 302:308 the culture liquid 298:315 the culture liquid 298:315 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 26 theme Lentinus 355:362 arg1 fungus 379:384 the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus 351:384 the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus 351:384 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 3 27 theme copper 550:555 arg1 ions 557:560 copper ions 550:560 copper ions 550:560 Similar action was exerted by copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, as well as by their combination. 26027358 1 28 theme laccase 269:275 arg1 dynamics 286:293 the laccase activity dynamics 265:293 the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid 265:315 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 29 theme activity 277:284 arg1 dynamics 286:293 the laccase activity dynamics 265:293 the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid 265:315 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 3 30 theme polycaproamide 587:600 arg1 fiber 602:606 polycaproamide fiber 587:606 polycaproamide fiber 587:606 Similar action was exerted by copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, as well as by their combination. 26027358 4 31 theme Selective 642:650 arg1 regulation 660:669 Selective in vivo regulation 642:669 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition 642:787 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 1 32 theme number 109:114 arg1 effects 96:102 The effects 92:102 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus 92:384 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 33 from effects 96:102 arg1 dynamics 286:293 the laccase activity dynamics 265:293 the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid 265:315 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 33 from effects 96:102 arg1 production 337:346 laccase isoform production 321:346 laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus 321:384 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 4 34 theme production 678:687 arg1 regulation 660:669 Selective in vivo regulation 642:669 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition 642:787 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 1 35 dep Lentinus 355:362 arg1 strigosus 364:372 strigosus 364:372 strigosus 364:372 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 4 36 theme culturing 760:768 arg1 composition 777:787 the culturing medium composition 756:787 the culturing medium composition 756:787 Selective in vivo regulation of the production of certain laccase isoforms by basidial fungi by means of altering the culturing medium composition can be utilised for various biotechnological purposes. 26027358 1 37 theme culture 119:125 arg1 medium 127:132 culture medium 119:132 culture medium components 119:143 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 0 38 theme Lentinus 59:66 arg1 fungus 83:88 the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus 55:88 the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus 55:88 [Selective regulation of laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus]. 26027358 1 39 theme medium 127:132 arg1 peptone 154:160 peptone 154:160 peptone 154:160 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 39 theme medium 127:132 arg1 components 134:143 culture medium components 119:143 culture medium components 119:143 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 39 theme medium 127:132 arg1 fiber 255:259 polycaproamide fiber 240:259 polycaproamide fiber 240:259 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 39 theme medium 127:132 arg1 extract 169:175 yeast extract 163:175 yeast extract 163:175 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 39 theme medium 127:132 arg1 ions 210:213 copper ions 203:213 copper ions 203:213 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 39 theme medium 127:132 arg1 mono- 178:182 mono- 178:182 mono- 178:182 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 39 theme medium 127:132 arg1 2,6-dimethylphenol 216:233 2,6-dimethylphenol 216:233 2,6-dimethylphenol 216:233 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 26027358 1 40 theme copper 203:208 arg1 ions 210:213 copper ions 203:213 copper ions 203:213 The effects of a number of culture medium components, such as peptone, yeast extract, mono- and disaccharides, copper ions, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and polycaproamide fiber, on the laccase activity dynamics in the culture liquid and laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus were studied. 25438767 5 0 theme only 986:989 arg1 α1,3-fucosyltransferase 991:1013 the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase 982:1013 the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure 982:1052 To examine their specificity and selectivity, all inhibitors were tested with human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, which is to date the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure. 25438767 4 1 theme linker 679:684 arg1 unit 686:689 a triazole linker unit 668:689 a triazole linker unit 668:689 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 4 2 theme various 576:582 arg1 inhibitors 618:627 various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors 576:627 various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit 576:689 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 5 3 dep Helicobacter 920:931 arg1 pylori 933:938 pylori 933:938 pylori 933:938 To examine their specificity and selectivity, all inhibitors were tested with human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, which is to date the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure. 25438767 7 4 theme derivative 1258:1267 arg1 Ac-3 1269:1272 acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 1233:1272 acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 1233:1272 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 4 5 theme triazole 670:677 arg1 unit 686:689 a triazole linker unit 668:689 a triazole linker unit 668:689 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 7 6 theme pylori 1501:1506 arg1 fucosyltransferase 1508:1525 H. pylori fucosyltransferase 1498:1525 H. pylori fucosyltransferase 1498:1525 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 6 7 from values 1169:1174 arg1 range 1194:1198 the micromolar range 1179:1198 the micromolar range 1179:1198 Specific inhibitors which inhibit either H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase or human fucosyltransferase IX with Ki values in the micromolar range were identified. 25438767 2 8 theme various 338:344 arg1 recognition 383:393 cell-cell recognition 373:393 cell-cell recognition 373:393 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 2 8 theme various 338:344 arg1 processes 355:363 various cellular processes 338:363 various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis 338:440 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 2 8 theme various 338:344 arg1 metastasis 431:440 tumor metastasis 425:440 tumor metastasis 425:440 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 2 8 theme various 338:344 arg1 adhesion 396:403 adhesion 396:403 adhesion 396:403 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 7 9 theme fucosyltransferase 1344:1361 arg1 IX 1363:1364 human fucosyltransferase IX 1338:1364 H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX 1296:1364 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 5 10 with α1,3-fucosyltransferase 991:1013 arg1 structure 1044:1052 a known high resolution structure 1020:1052 a known high resolution structure 1020:1052 To examine their specificity and selectivity, all inhibitors were tested with human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, which is to date the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure. 25438767 7 11 theme human 1338:1342 arg1 IX 1363:1364 human fucosyltransferase IX 1338:1364 H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX 1296:1364 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 5 12 theme known 1022:1026 arg1 structure 1044:1052 a known high resolution structure 1020:1052 a known high resolution structure 1020:1052 To examine their specificity and selectivity, all inhibitors were tested with human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, which is to date the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure. 25438767 4 13 theme inhibitory 722:731 arg1 effect 733:738 the observed inhibitory effect 709:738 the observed inhibitory effect 709:738 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 4 14 theme small 766:770 arg1 fucose 797:802 fucose 797:802 fucose 797:802 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 4 14 theme small 766:770 arg1 molecules 772:780 small molecules 766:780 small molecules such as GDP or fucose 766:802 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 4 14 theme small 766:770 arg1 GDP 790:792 GDP 790:792 GDP 790:792 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 6 15 theme micromolar 1183:1192 arg1 range 1194:1198 the micromolar range 1179:1198 the micromolar range 1179:1198 Specific inhibitors which inhibit either H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase or human fucosyltransferase IX with Ki values in the micromolar range were identified. 25438767 5 16 theme human 883:887 arg1 IX 913:914 human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX 883:914 human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX 883:914 To examine their specificity and selectivity, all inhibitors were tested with human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, which is to date the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure. 25438767 6 17 theme fucosyltransferase 1139:1156 arg1 IX 1158:1159 human fucosyltransferase IX 1133:1159 human fucosyltransferase IX 1133:1159 Specific inhibitors which inhibit either H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase or human fucosyltransferase IX with Ki values in the micromolar range were identified. 25438767 7 18 from effect 1441:1446 arg1 activity 1473:1480 fucosyltransferase IX activity 1451:1480 fucosyltransferase IX activity 1451:1480 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 6 19 theme Ki 1166:1167 arg1 values 1169:1174 Ki values 1166:1174 Ki values in the micromolar range 1166:1198 Specific inhibitors which inhibit either H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase or human fucosyltransferase IX with Ki values in the micromolar range were identified. 25438767 5 20 theme α1,3-fucosyltransferase 889:911 arg1 IX 913:914 human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX 883:914 human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX 883:914 To examine their specificity and selectivity, all inhibitors were tested with human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, which is to date the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure. 25438767 4 21 contain containing 657:666 arg1 GDP-β-l-fucose 642:655 GDP-β-l-fucose 642:655 GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit 642:689 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 4 21 contain containing 657:666 arg2 unit 686:689 a triazole linker unit 668:689 a triazole linker unit 668:689 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 3 22 theme interactions 475:486 arg1 blocking 457:464 The selective blocking 443:464 The selective blocking of these interactions 443:486 The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. 25438767 3 22 theme interactions 475:486 arg1 strategy 536:543 a potential promising therapeutic strategy 502:543 a potential promising therapeutic strategy 502:543 The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. 25438767 4 23 dep syntheses 550:558 arg1 The 546:548 The 546:548 The 546:548 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 7 24 dep H. 1296:1297 arg1 pylori 1299:1304 H. pylori 1296:1304 H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX 1296:1364 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 1 25 theme l-fucose 117:124 arg1 transfer 105:112 the transfer 101:112 the transfer of l-fucose from an activated GDP-β-l-fucose to various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine 101:215 Fucosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of l-fucose from an activated GDP-β-l-fucose to various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine. 25438767 2 26 theme tumor 425:429 arg1 metastasis 431:440 tumor metastasis 425:440 tumor metastasis 425:440 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 6 27 theme H. 1096:1097 arg1 α1,3-fucosyltransferase 1106:1128 H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase 1096:1128 H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase 1096:1128 Specific inhibitors which inhibit either H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase or human fucosyltransferase IX with Ki values in the micromolar range were identified. 25438767 1 28 from GDP-β-l-fucose 144:157 arg1 transfer 105:112 the transfer 101:112 the transfer of l-fucose from an activated GDP-β-l-fucose to various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine 101:215 Fucosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of l-fucose from an activated GDP-β-l-fucose to various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine. 25438767 2 29 theme cellular 346:353 arg1 recognition 383:393 cell-cell recognition 373:393 cell-cell recognition 373:393 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 2 29 theme cellular 346:353 arg1 processes 355:363 various cellular processes 338:363 various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis 338:440 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 2 29 theme cellular 346:353 arg1 metastasis 431:440 tumor metastasis 425:440 tumor metastasis 425:440 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 2 29 theme cellular 346:353 arg1 adhesion 396:403 adhesion 396:403 adhesion 396:403 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 3 30 theme promising 514:522 arg1 blocking 457:464 The selective blocking 443:464 The selective blocking of these interactions 443:486 The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. 25438767 3 30 theme promising 514:522 arg1 strategy 536:543 a potential promising therapeutic strategy 502:543 a potential promising therapeutic strategy 502:543 The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. 25438767 5 31 theme Helicobacter 920:931 arg1 α1,3-fucosyltransferase 940:962 Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase 920:962 Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase 920:962 To examine their specificity and selectivity, all inhibitors were tested with human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, which is to date the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure. 25438767 4 32 attach derived 629:635 arg1 GDP-β-l-fucose 642:655 GDP-β-l-fucose 642:655 GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit 642:689 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 4 32 attach derived 629:635 arg2 inhibitors 618:627 various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors 576:627 various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit 576:689 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 7 33 theme H. 1296:1297 arg1 α1,3-fucosyltransferase 1306:1328 H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase 1296:1328 H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX 1296:1364 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 3 34 theme therapeutic 524:534 arg1 blocking 457:464 The selective blocking 443:464 The selective blocking of these interactions 443:486 The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. 25438767 3 34 theme therapeutic 524:534 arg1 strategy 536:543 a potential promising therapeutic strategy 502:543 a potential promising therapeutic strategy 502:543 The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. 25438767 0 35 theme α1,3-fucosyltransferase 36:58 arg1 inhibitors 60:69 potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors 26:69 potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors 26:69 Synthesis and analysis of potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors. 25438767 7 36 theme IX 1470:1471 arg1 activity 1473:1480 fucosyltransferase IX activity 1451:1480 fucosyltransferase IX activity 1451:1480 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 7 37 theme better 1423:1428 arg1 effect 1441:1446 an appreciably better inhibitory effect 1408:1446 an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity 1408:1480 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 7 38 theme H. 1498:1499 arg1 fucosyltransferase 1508:1525 H. pylori fucosyltransferase 1498:1525 H. pylori fucosyltransferase 1498:1525 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 0 39 theme potential 26:34 arg1 inhibitors 60:69 potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors 26:69 potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors 26:69 Synthesis and analysis of potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors. 25438767 4 40 theme α1,3-fucosyltransferase 594:616 arg1 inhibitors 618:627 various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors 576:627 various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit 576:689 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 6 41 theme human 1133:1137 arg1 IX 1158:1159 human fucosyltransferase IX 1133:1159 human fucosyltransferase IX 1133:1159 Specific inhibitors which inhibit either H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase or human fucosyltransferase IX with Ki values in the micromolar range were identified. 25438767 2 42 theme glycosylation 271:283 arg1 machinery 285:293 the glycosylation machinery 267:293 the glycosylation machinery 267:293 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 3 43 theme potential 504:512 arg1 blocking 457:464 The selective blocking 443:464 The selective blocking of these interactions 443:486 The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. 25438767 3 43 theme potential 504:512 arg1 strategy 536:543 a potential promising therapeutic strategy 502:543 a potential promising therapeutic strategy 502:543 The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. 25438767 3 44 theme selective 447:455 arg1 blocking 457:464 The selective blocking 443:464 The selective blocking of these interactions 443:486 The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. 25438767 3 44 theme selective 447:455 arg1 strategy 536:543 a potential promising therapeutic strategy 502:543 a potential promising therapeutic strategy 502:543 The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. 25438767 4 45 theme potential 584:592 arg1 inhibitors 618:627 various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors 576:627 various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit 576:689 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 1 46 theme activated 134:142 arg1 GDP-β-l-fucose 144:157 an activated GDP-β-l-fucose 131:157 an activated GDP-β-l-fucose 131:157 Fucosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of l-fucose from an activated GDP-β-l-fucose to various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine. 25438767 0 47 theme inhibitors 60:69 arg1 analysis 14:21 analysis 14:21 analysis 14:21 Synthesis and analysis of potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors. 25438767 0 47 theme inhibitors 60:69 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and analysis of potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors. 25438767 6 48 theme Specific 1055:1062 arg1 inhibitors 1064:1073 Specific inhibitors 1055:1073 Specific inhibitors which inhibit either H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase or human fucosyltransferase IX with Ki values in the micromolar range 1055:1198 Specific inhibitors which inhibit either H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase or human fucosyltransferase IX with Ki values in the micromolar range were identified. 25438767 7 49 theme acetylated 1233:1242 arg1 Ac-3 1269:1272 acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 1233:1272 acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 1233:1272 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 7 50 theme fucosyltransferase 1451:1468 arg1 activity 1473:1480 fucosyltransferase IX activity 1451:1480 fucosyltransferase IX activity 1451:1480 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 5 51 theme high 1028:1031 arg1 structure 1044:1052 a known high resolution structure 1020:1052 a known high resolution structure 1020:1052 To examine their specificity and selectivity, all inhibitors were tested with human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, which is to date the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure. 25438767 4 52 theme inhibitors 618:627 arg1 analyses 564:571 analyses 564:571 analyses 564:571 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 4 52 theme inhibitors 618:627 arg1 syntheses 550:558 syntheses 550:558 syntheses 550:558 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 2 53 theme final 249:253 arg1 fucosylation 229:240 fucosylation 229:240 fucosylation 229:240 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 2 53 theme final 249:253 arg1 step 255:258 the final step 245:258 the final step within the glycosylation machinery 245:293 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 2 54 theme resulting 304:312 arg1 glycans 314:320 the resulting glycans 300:320 the resulting glycans 300:320 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 2 55 theme cell-cell 373:381 arg1 recognition 383:393 cell-cell recognition 373:393 cell-cell recognition 373:393 Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. 25438767 7 56 theme GDP-galactose 1244:1256 arg1 Ac-3 1269:1272 acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 1233:1272 acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 1233:1272 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 25438767 1 57 theme various 162:168 arg1 molecules 179:187 various acceptor molecules 162:187 various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine 162:215 Fucosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of l-fucose from an activated GDP-β-l-fucose to various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine. 25438767 1 57 theme various 162:168 arg1 N-acetyllactosamine 197:215 N-acetyllactosamine 197:215 N-acetyllactosamine 197:215 Fucosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of l-fucose from an activated GDP-β-l-fucose to various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine. 25438767 5 58 theme resolution 1033:1042 arg1 structure 1044:1052 a known high resolution structure 1020:1052 a known high resolution structure 1020:1052 To examine their specificity and selectivity, all inhibitors were tested with human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, which is to date the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure. 25438767 6 59 dep H. 1096:1097 arg1 pylori 1099:1104 H. pylori 1096:1104 H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase 1096:1128 Specific inhibitors which inhibit either H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase or human fucosyltransferase IX with Ki values in the micromolar range were identified. 25438767 1 60 theme acceptor 170:177 arg1 molecules 179:187 various acceptor molecules 162:187 various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine 162:215 Fucosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of l-fucose from an activated GDP-β-l-fucose to various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine. 25438767 1 60 theme acceptor 170:177 arg1 N-acetyllactosamine 197:215 N-acetyllactosamine 197:215 N-acetyllactosamine 197:215 Fucosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of l-fucose from an activated GDP-β-l-fucose to various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine. 25438767 4 61 theme observed 713:720 arg1 effect 733:738 the observed inhibitory effect 709:738 the observed inhibitory effect 709:738 The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. 25438767 7 62 theme inhibitory 1430:1439 arg1 effect 1441:1446 an appreciably better inhibitory effect 1408:1446 an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity 1408:1480 In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase. 27189058 5 0 theme genus 724:728 arg1 Agarivorans 730:740 the genus Agarivorans 720:740 the genus Agarivorans based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 720:776 Strain hydD622T was clustered distantly from the other genera in the family Alteromonadaceae but formed a unique clade within the genus Agarivorans based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 27189058 4 1 dep Agarivorans 505:515 arg1 gilvus 517:522 gilvus 517:522 gilvus 517:522 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 9 2 theme polar 1053:1057 arg1 profile 1065:1071 the polar lipid profile 1049:1071 the polar lipid profile 1049:1071 The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. 27189058 7 3 theme albus 858:862 arg1 22256T 869:874 albus KCTC 22256T 858:874 albus KCTC 22256T 858:874 albus KCTC 22256T was 39.0 and 37.8 %, respectively. 27189058 4 4 theme 98.4 557:560 arg1 % 577:577 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 % 557:577 % 577:577 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 4 5 theme KCTC 489:492 arg1 22256T 494:499 Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T 471:499 Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T 471:499 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 6 6 theme DNA-DNA 783:789 arg1 relatedness 791:801 The DNA-DNA relatedness 779:801 The DNA-DNA relatedness with Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 779:832 The DNA-DNA relatedness with Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T and Agarivorans. 27189058 2 7 from Korea 289:293 arg1 sediment 251:258 the sediment 247:258 the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea 247:293 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 9 8 theme unidentified 1164:1175 arg1 lipid 1177:1181 an unidentified lipid 1161:1181 an unidentified lipid 1161:1181 The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. 27189058 11 9 theme novel 1319:1323 arg1 species 1325:1331 a novel species 1317:1331 a novel species 1317:1331 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 2 10 theme Gram-reaction-negative 90:111 arg1 hydD622T 219:226 designated strain hydD622T 201:226 designated strain hydD622T 201:226 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 2 10 theme Gram-reaction-negative 90:111 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium 88:161 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum 88:198 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 4 11 theme 16S 360:362 arg1 sequences 374:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 2 12 theme tidal 265:269 arg1 flat 271:274 a tidal flat 263:274 a tidal flat 263:274 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 4 13 with 22256T 494:499 arg1 similarities 541:552 similarities 541:552 similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively 541:591 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 3 14 theme agarolytic 325:334 arg1 activity 336:343 an agarolytic activity 322:343 an agarolytic activity 322:343 Strain hydD622T exhibited an agarolytic activity. 27189058 14 15 theme 32543T=CGMCC 1495:1506 arg1 hydD622T 1479:1486 hydD622T 1479:1486 hydD622T (=KCTC 32543T=CGMCC 1.12692T) 1479:1516 nov. is hydD622T (=KCTC 32543T=CGMCC 1.12692T). 27189058 14 15 theme 32543T=CGMCC 1495:1506 arg1 1.12692T 1508:1515 =KCTC 32543T=CGMCC 1.12692T 1489:1515 =KCTC 32543T=CGMCC 1.12692T 1489:1515 nov. is hydD622T (=KCTC 32543T=CGMCC 1.12692T). 27189058 4 16 theme sequences 374:382 arg1 Comparison 346:355 Comparison 346:355 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:382 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 8 17 dep C16  946:949 arg1  1ω7c 996:1000  1ω7c 996:1000  1ω7c 996:1000 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 8 17 dep C16  946:949 arg1 C16  954:957 C16  954:957 C16  954:957 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 8 17 dep C16  946:949 arg1 C18  980:983 C18  980:983 C18  980:983 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 8 17 dep C16  946:949 arg1  1ω6c/C18  985:994  1ω6c/C18  985:994  1ω6c/C18  985:994 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 8 17 dep C16  946:949 arg1  1ω6c/C16  959:968  1ω6c/C16  959:968  1ω6c/C16  959:968 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 8 17 dep C16  946:949 arg1  1ω7c 970:974  1ω7c 970:974  1ω7c 970:974 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 5 18 theme unique 700:705 arg1 clade 707:711 a unique clade 698:711 a unique clade within the genus Agarivorans based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 698:776 Strain hydD622T was clustered distantly from the other genera in the family Alteromonadaceae but formed a unique clade within the genus Agarivorans based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 27189058 4 19 theme Agarivorans 437:447 arg1 42116T 463:468 Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T 437:468 Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T 437:468 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 4 20 theme gene 369:372 arg1 sequences 374:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 4 21 with 32555T 529:534 arg1 similarities 541:552 similarities 541:552 similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively 541:591 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 11 22 theme name 1377:1380 arg1 sp 1404:1405 the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1373:1405 the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1373:1405 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 9 23 theme lipid 1059:1063 arg1 profile 1065:1071 the polar lipid profile 1049:1071 the polar lipid profile 1049:1071 The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. 27189058 11 24 theme chemotaxonomic 1248:1261 arg1 analyses 1280:1287 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1233:1287 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1233:1287 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 11 25 theme physiological 1233:1245 arg1 analyses 1280:1287 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1233:1287 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1233:1287 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 6 26 dep 42116T 834:839 arg1 relatedness 791:801 The DNA-DNA relatedness 779:801 The DNA-DNA relatedness with Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 779:832 The DNA-DNA relatedness with Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T and Agarivorans. 27189058 0 27 theme aestuarii 12:20 arg1 sp 22:23 aestuarii sp 12:23 aestuarii sp 12:23 Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 4 28 theme KCTC 458:461 arg1 42116T 463:468 Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T 437:468 Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T 437:468 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 5 29 theme Strain 594:599 arg1 hydD622T 601:608 Strain hydD622T 594:608 Strain hydD622T 594:608 Strain hydD622T was clustered distantly from the other genera in the family Alteromonadaceae but formed a unique clade within the genus Agarivorans based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 27189058 1 30 theme tidal 76:80 arg1 flat 82:85 a tidal flat 74:85 a tidal flat 74:85 nov., an agar-degrading bacterium isolated from a tidal flat. 27189058 10 31 theme G+C 1192:1194 arg1 % 1214:1214 44 mol% 1208:1214 44 mol% 1208:1214 The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. 27189058 10 31 theme G+C 1192:1194 arg1 content 1196:1202 The DNA G+C content 1184:1202 The DNA G+C content 1184:1202 The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. 27189058 5 32 theme gene 764:767 arg1 sequence 769:776 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 751:776 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 751:776 Strain hydD622T was clustered distantly from the other genera in the family Alteromonadaceae but formed a unique clade within the genus Agarivorans based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 27189058 2 33 dep forming 133:139 arg1 non-spore 123:131 non-spore 123:131 non-spore 123:131 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 2 34 theme single 177:182 arg1 flagellum 190:198 a single polar flagellum 175:198 a single polar flagellum 175:198 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 11 35 theme genus 1344:1348 arg1 Agarivorans 1350:1360 the genus Agarivorans 1340:1360 the genus Agarivorans 1340:1360 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 4 36 theme KCTC 524:527 arg1 32555T 529:534 Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T 505:534 Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T 505:534 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 11 37 dep analyses 1280:1287 arg1 the 1220:1222 the 1220:1222 the 1220:1222 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 11 37 dep analyses 1280:1287 arg1 basis 1224:1228 basis 1224:1228 basis 1224:1228 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 13 38 theme sp 1467:1468 arg1 strain 1435:1440 The type strain 1426:1440 The type strain of Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1426:1468 The type strain of Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 4 39 theme rRNA 364:367 arg1 sequences 374:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 5 40 theme family 663:668 arg1 Alteromonadaceae 670:685 the family Alteromonadaceae 659:685 the family Alteromonadaceae 659:685 Strain hydD622T was clustered distantly from the other genera in the family Alteromonadaceae but formed a unique clade within the genus Agarivorans based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 27189058 2 41 theme flat 271:274 arg1 sediment 251:258 the sediment 247:258 the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea 247:293 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 4 42 dep Agarivorans 437:447 arg1 litoreus 449:456 litoreus 449:456 litoreus 449:456 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 13 43 theme aestuarii 1457:1465 arg1 sp 1467:1468 Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1445:1468 Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1445:1468 The type strain of Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 10 44 theme mol 1211:1213 arg1 % 1214:1214 44 mol% 1208:1214 44 mol% 1208:1214 The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. 27189058 10 44 theme mol 1211:1213 arg1 content 1196:1202 The DNA G+C content 1184:1202 The DNA G+C content 1184:1202 The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. 27189058 11 45 theme phylogenetic 1267:1278 arg1 analyses 1280:1287 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1233:1287 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1233:1287 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 2 46 theme motile 163:168 arg1 hydD622T 219:226 designated strain hydD622T 201:226 designated strain hydD622T 201:226 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 2 46 theme motile 163:168 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium 88:161 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum 88:198 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 13 47 theme Agarivorans 1445:1455 arg1 sp 1467:1468 Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1445:1468 Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1445:1468 The type strain of Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 9 48 theme respiratory 1007:1017 arg1 ubiquinone-8 1031:1042 ubiquinone-8 1031:1042 ubiquinone-8 1031:1042 The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. 27189058 9 48 theme respiratory 1007:1017 arg1 quinone 1019:1025 The respiratory quinone 1003:1025 The respiratory quinone 1003:1025 The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. 27189058 6 49 with relatedness 791:801 arg1 KCTC 829:832 Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 808:832 Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 808:832 The DNA-DNA relatedness with Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T and Agarivorans. 27189058 2 50 dep Gram-reaction-negative 90:111 arg1 aerobic 114:120 aerobic 114:120 aerobic 114:120 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 2 50 dep Gram-reaction-negative 90:111 arg1 forming 133:139 forming 133:139 forming 133:139 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 2 50 dep Gram-reaction-negative 90:111 arg1 rod-shaped 142:151 rod-shaped 142:151 rod-shaped 142:151 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 6 51 theme Agarivorans 808:818 arg1 KCTC 829:832 Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 808:832 Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 808:832 The DNA-DNA relatedness with Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T and Agarivorans. 27189058 2 52 theme strain 212:217 arg1 hydD622T 219:226 designated strain hydD622T 201:226 designated strain hydD622T 201:226 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 2 52 theme strain 212:217 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium 88:161 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum 88:198 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 4 53 theme % 577:577 arg1 similarities 541:552 similarities 541:552 similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively 541:591 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 2 54 with motile 163:168 arg1 flagellum 190:198 a single polar flagellum 175:198 a single polar flagellum 175:198 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 5 55 theme 16S 755:757 arg1 rRNA 759:762 the 16S rRNA 751:762 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 751:776 Strain hydD622T was clustered distantly from the other genera in the family Alteromonadaceae but formed a unique clade within the genus Agarivorans based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 27189058 4 56 dep Agarivorans 471:481 arg1 albus 483:487 albus 483:487 albus 483:487 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 5 57 theme other 643:647 arg1 genera 649:654 the other genera 639:654 the other genera 639:654 Strain hydD622T was clustered distantly from the other genera in the family Alteromonadaceae but formed a unique clade within the genus Agarivorans based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 27189058 2 58 theme designated 201:210 arg1 hydD622T 219:226 designated strain hydD622T 201:226 designated strain hydD622T 201:226 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 2 58 theme designated 201:210 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium 88:161 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum 88:198 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 14 59 theme =KCTC 1489:1493 arg1 hydD622T 1479:1486 hydD622T 1479:1486 hydD622T (=KCTC 32543T=CGMCC 1.12692T) 1479:1516 nov. is hydD622T (=KCTC 32543T=CGMCC 1.12692T). 27189058 14 59 theme =KCTC 1489:1493 arg1 1.12692T 1508:1515 =KCTC 32543T=CGMCC 1.12692T 1489:1515 =KCTC 32543T=CGMCC 1.12692T 1489:1515 nov. is hydD622T (=KCTC 32543T=CGMCC 1.12692T). 27189058 6 60 theme litoreus 820:827 arg1 KCTC 829:832 Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 808:832 Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 808:832 The DNA-DNA relatedness with Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T and Agarivorans. 27189058 11 61 theme aestuarii 1394:1402 arg1 sp 1404:1405 the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1373:1405 the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1373:1405 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 4 62 theme Agarivorans 505:515 arg1 32555T 529:534 Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T 505:534 Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T 505:534 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 8 63 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 acids 927:931 The major fatty acids 911:931 The major fatty acids (>10 %) 911:939 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 8 63 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 % 938:938 >10 % 934:938 >10 % 934:938 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 8 63 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 C16  946:949 C16  946:949 C16  946:949 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 4 64 theme 96.5  572:576 arg1 % 577:577 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 % 557:577 % 577:577 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 2 65 theme polar 184:188 arg1 flagellum 190:198 a single polar flagellum 175:198 a single polar flagellum 175:198 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 0 66 dep sp 22:23 arg1 Agarivorans 0:10 Agarivorans 0:10 Agarivorans 0:10 Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 7 67 theme KCTC 864:867 arg1 22256T 869:874 albus KCTC 22256T 858:874 albus KCTC 22256T 858:874 albus KCTC 22256T was 39.0 and 37.8 %, respectively. 27189058 11 68 theme strain 1290:1295 arg1 hydD622T 1297:1304 strain hydD622T 1290:1304 strain hydD622T 1290:1304 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 4 69 theme strain 398:403 arg1 hydD622T 405:412 strain hydD622T 398:412 strain hydD622T 398:412 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 13 70 theme type 1430:1433 arg1 strain 1435:1440 The type strain 1426:1440 The type strain of Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1426:1468 The type strain of Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 4 71 with 42116T 463:468 arg1 similarities 541:552 similarities 541:552 similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively 541:591 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 11 72 theme Agarivorans 1382:1392 arg1 sp 1404:1405 the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1373:1405 the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp 1373:1405 On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain hydD622T represents a novel species within the genus Agarivorans, for which the name Agarivorans aestuarii sp. 27189058 3 73 theme Strain 296:301 arg1 hydD622T 303:310 Strain hydD622T 296:310 Strain hydD622T 296:310 Strain hydD622T exhibited an agarolytic activity. 27189058 4 74 theme Agarivorans 471:481 arg1 22256T 494:499 Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T 471:499 Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T 471:499 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD622T was closely related to Agarivorans litoreus KCTC 42116T, Agarivorans albus KCTC 22256T and Agarivorans gilvus KCTC 32555T with similarities of 98.4, 98.0 and 96.5 %, respectively. 27189058 1 75 theme agar-degrading 35:48 arg1 bacterium 50:58 an agar-degrading bacterium 32:58 an agar-degrading bacterium 32:58 nov., an agar-degrading bacterium isolated from a tidal flat. 27189058 1 75 theme agar-degrading 35:48 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an agar-degrading bacterium isolated from a tidal flat. 27189058 8 76 theme major 915:919 arg1 acids 927:931 The major fatty acids 911:931 The major fatty acids (>10 %) 911:939 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 8 76 theme major 915:919 arg1 % 938:938 >10 % 934:938 >10 % 934:938 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 8 76 theme major 915:919 arg1 C16  946:949 C16  946:949 C16  946:949 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c. 27189058 5 77 theme rRNA 759:762 arg1 sequence 769:776 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 751:776 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 751:776 Strain hydD622T was clustered distantly from the other genera in the family Alteromonadaceae but formed a unique clade within the genus Agarivorans based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 27189058 10 78 theme DNA 1188:1190 arg1 % 1214:1214 44 mol% 1208:1214 44 mol% 1208:1214 The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. 27189058 10 78 theme DNA 1188:1190 arg1 content 1196:1202 The DNA G+C content 1184:1202 The DNA G+C content 1184:1202 The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. 27189058 2 79 attach isolated 233:240 arg2 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium 88:161 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum 88:198 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 2 79 attach isolated 233:240 arg1 sediment 251:258 the sediment 247:258 the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea 247:293 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 27189058 2 79 attach isolated 233:240 arg2 hydD622T 219:226 designated strain hydD622T 201:226 designated strain hydD622T 201:226 A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium motile with a single polar flagellum, designated strain hydD622T, was isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat at Asan Bay, Korea. 26453986 5 0 theme Gene 771:774 arg1 ontology 776:783 Gene ontology 771:783 Gene ontology 771:783 Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that identified proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, degradation, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, biological regulation and binding. 26453986 6 1 theme cytometry 985:993 arg1 analysis 995:1002 Flow cytometry analysis 980:1002 Flow cytometry analysis 980:1002 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 7 2 from schistosome 1229:1239 arg1 host 1254:1257 the final host 1244:1257 the final host 1244:1257 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 4 3 theme chromatography/tandem 682:702 arg1 spectrometry 709:720 liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 675:720 liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 675:720 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 4 4 from proteome 593:600 arg1 schistosomula 629:641 14 day schistosomula 622:641 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum 622:657 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 7 5 from growth 1199:1204 arg1 host 1254:1257 the final host 1244:1257 the final host 1244:1257 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 1 6 theme 779 171:173 arg1 million 175:181 million 175:181 million 175:181 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 4 7 theme present 574:580 arg1 study 582:586 the present study 570:586 the present study 570:586 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 7 8 theme final 1248:1252 arg1 host 1254:1257 the final host 1244:1257 the final host 1244:1257 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 6 9 from effect 1078:1083 arg1 expression 1114:1123 inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression 1088:1123 inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression 1088:1123 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 6 9 from effect 1078:1083 arg1 macrophages 1142:1152 LPS-activated macrophages 1128:1152 LPS-activated macrophages 1128:1152 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 7 10 theme present 1159:1165 arg1 study 1167:1171 The present study 1155:1171 The present study 1155:1171 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 3 11 theme japonicum 520:528 arg1 schistosomula 500:512 schistosomula 500:512 schistosomula of S. japonicum 500:528 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins play a major role in host-parasite interactions and ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum have not been characterized to date. 26453986 2 12 from hosts 317:321 arg1 stage 241:245 the early stage 231:245 the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts 231:321 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 2 12 from hosts 317:321 arg1 target 340:345 the main target 331:345 the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity 331:384 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 2 12 from hosts 317:321 arg1 schistosomulum 213:226 The schistosomulum 209:226 The schistosomulum 209:226 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 7 13 from development 1210:1220 arg1 host 1254:1257 the final host 1244:1257 the final host 1244:1257 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 7 14 theme vaccine 1298:1304 arg1 candidates 1306:1315 vaccine candidates 1298:1315 vaccine candidates 1298:1315 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 2 15 theme japonicum 287:295 arg1 lifecycle 262:270 the complex lifecycle 250:270 the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts 250:321 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 6 16 theme thioredoxin 1022:1032 arg1 peroxidase 1034:1043 thioredoxin peroxidase 1022:1043 thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study 1022:1068 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 6 17 theme inhibiting 1088:1097 arg1 expression 1114:1123 inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression 1088:1123 inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression 1088:1123 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 2 18 theme Schistosoma 275:285 arg1 japonicum 287:295 Schistosoma japonicum 275:295 Schistosoma japonicum 275:295 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 5 19 theme biological 945:954 arg1 regulation 956:965 biological regulation 945:965 biological regulation 945:965 Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that identified proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, degradation, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, biological regulation and binding. 26453986 1 20 theme million 175:181 arg1 people 183:188 779 million people 171:188 779 million people at risk worldwide 171:206 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 3 21 theme major 428:432 arg1 role 434:437 a major role 426:437 a major role 426:437 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins play a major role in host-parasite interactions and ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum have not been characterized to date. 26453986 0 22 theme Excretory/secretory 0:18 arg1 proteome 20:27 Excretory/secretory proteome 0:27 Excretory/secretory proteome of 14-day schistosomula 0:51 Excretory/secretory proteome of 14-day schistosomula, Schistosoma japonicum. 26453986 2 23 from stage 241:245 arg1 hosts 317:321 their vertebrate hosts 300:321 their vertebrate hosts 300:321 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 3 24 theme Excretory/secretory 387:405 arg1 proteins 412:419 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins 387:419 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins 387:419 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins play a major role in host-parasite interactions and ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum have not been characterized to date. 26453986 5 25 theme ontology 776:783 arg1 analysis 797:804 Gene ontology and pathway analysis 771:804 Gene ontology and pathway analysis 771:804 Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that identified proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, degradation, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, biological regulation and binding. 26453986 7 26 theme valuable 1263:1270 arg1 information 1272:1282 valuable information 1263:1282 valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis 1263:1335 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 2 27 from target 340:345 arg1 hosts 317:321 their vertebrate hosts 300:321 their vertebrate hosts 300:321 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 1 28 theme serious 103:109 arg1 problem 125:131 a serious public health problem 101:131 a serious public health problem 101:131 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 6 29 theme LPS-activated 1128:1140 arg1 macrophages 1142:1152 LPS-activated macrophages 1128:1152 LPS-activated macrophages 1128:1152 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 6 30 theme CD86 1109:1112 arg1 expression 1114:1123 inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression 1088:1123 inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression 1088:1123 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 1 31 with problem 125:131 arg1 people 183:188 779 million people 171:188 779 million people at risk worldwide 171:206 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 1 31 with problem 125:131 arg1 people 151:156 200 million people 139:156 200 million people infected 139:165 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 1 32 theme public 111:116 arg1 problem 125:131 a serious public health problem 101:131 a serious public health problem 101:131 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 4 33 from schistosomula 629:641 arg1 proteome 593:600 the proteome 589:600 the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum 589:657 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 4 33 from schistosomula 629:641 arg1 proteins 608:615 ES proteins 605:615 ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum 605:657 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 2 34 theme immunity 377:384 arg1 stage 241:245 the early stage 231:245 the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts 231:321 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 2 34 theme immunity 377:384 arg1 target 340:345 the main target 331:345 the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity 331:384 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 2 34 theme immunity 377:384 arg1 schistosomulum 213:226 The schistosomulum 209:226 The schistosomulum 209:226 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 0 35 theme 14-day 32:37 arg1 schistosomula 39:51 14-day schistosomula 32:51 14-day schistosomula 32:51 Excretory/secretory proteome of 14-day schistosomula, Schistosoma japonicum. 26453986 5 36 theme identified 820:829 arg1 proteins 831:838 identified proteins 820:838 identified proteins 820:838 Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that identified proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, degradation, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, biological regulation and binding. 26453986 2 37 theme vertebrate 306:315 arg1 hosts 317:321 their vertebrate hosts 300:321 their vertebrate hosts 300:321 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 6 38 theme MHCII 1099:1103 arg1 expression 1114:1123 inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression 1088:1123 inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression 1088:1123 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 4 39 theme unique 730:735 arg1 proteins 737:744 713 unique proteins 726:744 713 unique proteins 726:744 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 6 40 contain had 1070:1072 arg2 effect 1078:1083 the effect 1074:1083 the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages 1074:1152 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 6 40 contain had 1070:1072 arg1 peroxidase 1034:1043 thioredoxin peroxidase 1022:1043 thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study 1022:1068 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 4 41 theme liquid 675:680 arg1 spectrometry 709:720 liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 675:720 liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 675:720 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 2 42 from lifecycle 262:270 arg1 hosts 317:321 their vertebrate hosts 300:321 their vertebrate hosts 300:321 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 3 43 theme ES 473:474 arg1 compositions 484:495 ES protein compositions 473:495 ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum 473:528 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins play a major role in host-parasite interactions and ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum have not been characterized to date. 26453986 4 44 theme mass 704:707 arg1 spectrometry 709:720 liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 675:720 liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 675:720 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 7 45 theme schistosome 1229:1239 arg1 growth 1199:1204 growth 1199:1204 growth 1199:1204 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 7 45 theme schistosome 1229:1239 arg1 development 1210:1220 development 1210:1220 development 1210:1220 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 0 46 dep japonicum 66:74 arg1 proteome 20:27 Excretory/secretory proteome 0:27 Excretory/secretory proteome of 14-day schistosomula 0:51 Excretory/secretory proteome of 14-day schistosomula, Schistosoma japonicum. 26453986 1 47 theme risk 193:196 arg1 worldwide 198:206 risk worldwide 193:206 risk worldwide 193:206 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 3 48 theme host-parasite 442:454 arg1 interactions 456:467 host-parasite interactions 442:467 host-parasite interactions 442:467 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins play a major role in host-parasite interactions and ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum have not been characterized to date. 26453986 0 49 theme schistosomula 39:51 arg1 proteome 20:27 Excretory/secretory proteome 0:27 Excretory/secretory proteome of 14-day schistosomula 0:51 Excretory/secretory proteome of 14-day schistosomula, Schistosoma japonicum. 26453986 6 50 theme Flow 980:983 arg1 analysis 995:1002 Flow cytometry analysis 980:1002 Flow cytometry analysis 980:1002 Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. 26453986 5 51 theme pathway 789:795 arg1 analysis 797:804 Gene ontology and pathway analysis 771:804 Gene ontology and pathway analysis 771:804 Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that identified proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, degradation, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, biological regulation and binding. 26453986 2 52 theme early 235:239 arg1 stage 241:245 the early stage 231:245 the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts 231:321 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 2 52 theme early 235:239 arg1 schistosomulum 213:226 The schistosomulum 209:226 The schistosomulum 209:226 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 4 53 theme day 625:627 arg1 schistosomula 629:641 14 day schistosomula 622:641 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum 622:657 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 3 54 theme ES 408:409 arg1 proteins 412:419 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins 387:419 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins 387:419 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins play a major role in host-parasite interactions and ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum have not been characterized to date. 26453986 7 55 from host 1254:1257 arg1 growth 1199:1204 growth 1199:1204 growth 1199:1204 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 7 55 from host 1254:1257 arg1 development 1210:1220 development 1210:1220 development 1210:1220 The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 26453986 2 56 theme main 335:338 arg1 target 340:345 the main target 331:345 the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity 331:384 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 0 57 theme Schistosoma 54:64 arg1 japonicum 66:74 Schistosoma japonicum 54:74 Schistosoma japonicum 54:74 Excretory/secretory proteome of 14-day schistosomula, Schistosoma japonicum. 26453986 1 58 from worldwide 198:206 arg1 people 183:188 779 million people 171:188 779 million people at risk worldwide 171:206 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 1 58 from worldwide 198:206 arg1 people 151:156 200 million people 139:156 200 million people infected 139:165 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 3 59 theme schistosomula 500:512 arg1 compositions 484:495 ES protein compositions 473:495 ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum 473:528 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins play a major role in host-parasite interactions and ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum have not been characterized to date. 26453986 4 60 theme japonicum 649:657 arg1 schistosomula 629:641 14 day schistosomula 622:641 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum 622:657 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 2 61 theme lifecycle 262:270 arg1 stage 241:245 the early stage 231:245 the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts 231:321 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 2 61 theme lifecycle 262:270 arg1 target 340:345 the main target 331:345 the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity 331:384 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 2 61 theme lifecycle 262:270 arg1 schistosomulum 213:226 The schistosomulum 209:226 The schistosomulum 209:226 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 1 62 theme 200 139:141 arg1 million 143:149 million 143:149 million 143:149 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 1 63 theme health 118:123 arg1 problem 125:131 a serious public health problem 101:131 a serious public health problem 101:131 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 2 64 theme complex 254:260 arg1 lifecycle 262:270 the complex lifecycle 250:270 the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts 250:321 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 1 65 theme million 143:149 arg1 people 151:156 200 million people 139:156 200 million people infected 139:165 Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. 26453986 3 66 theme protein 476:482 arg1 compositions 484:495 ES protein compositions 473:495 ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum 473:528 Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins play a major role in host-parasite interactions and ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum have not been characterized to date. 26453986 5 67 theme carbohydrate 864:875 arg1 response 902:909 response 902:909 response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, biological regulation and binding 902:977 Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that identified proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, degradation, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, biological regulation and binding. 26453986 5 67 theme carbohydrate 864:875 arg1 degradation 889:899 degradation 889:899 degradation 889:899 Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that identified proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, degradation, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, biological regulation and binding. 26453986 5 67 theme carbohydrate 864:875 arg1 metabolism 877:886 carbohydrate metabolism 864:886 carbohydrate metabolism 864:886 Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that identified proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, degradation, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, biological regulation and binding. 26453986 2 68 theme protective 366:375 arg1 immunity 377:384 vaccine-induced protective immunity 350:384 vaccine-induced protective immunity 350:384 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 4 69 theme proteins 608:615 arg1 proteome 593:600 the proteome 589:600 the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum 589:657 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 26453986 2 70 theme vaccine-induced 350:364 arg1 immunity 377:384 vaccine-induced protective immunity 350:384 vaccine-induced protective immunity 350:384 The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 26453986 4 71 theme ES 605:606 arg1 proteins 608:615 ES proteins 605:615 ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum 605:657 In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. 25934453 5 0 from cells 1103:1107 arg1 result 1065:1070 a result 1063:1070 a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells 1063:1107 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 5 0 from cells 1103:1107 arg1 Role 941:944 Role 941:944 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production 941:1008 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 1 1 theme invasive 370:377 arg1 procedures 388:397 invasive surgical procedures 370:397 invasive surgical procedures 370:397 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 25934453 5 2 theme SMAD 958:961 arg1 pathways 963:970 SMAD pathways 958:970 SMAD pathways 958:970 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 5 3 theme microsphere-in-silk 1155:1173 arg1 hydrogel 1175:1182 injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel 1139:1182 injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel 1139:1182 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 0 4 theme bovine 95:100 arg1 model 142:146 bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model 95:146 bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model 95:146 Glucosamine loaded injectable silk-in-silk integrated system modulate mechanical properties in bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model. 25934453 1 5 theme surgical 379:386 arg1 procedures 388:397 invasive surgical procedures 370:397 invasive surgical procedures 370:397 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 25934453 5 6 from action 1079:1084 arg1 cells 1103:1107 the cells 1099:1107 the cells 1099:1107 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 5 7 theme pathways 963:970 arg1 result 1065:1070 a result 1063:1070 a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells 1063:1107 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 5 7 theme pathways 963:970 arg1 Role 941:944 Role 941:944 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production 941:1008 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 0 8 theme intervertebral 122:135 arg1 model 142:146 bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model 95:146 bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model 95:146 Glucosamine loaded injectable silk-in-silk integrated system modulate mechanical properties in bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model. 25934453 4 9 theme hollow 835:840 arg1 microspheres 842:853 the silk hollow microspheres 826:853 the silk hollow microspheres 826:853 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 5 10 theme immunohistological 1032:1049 arg1 analysis 1051:1058 immunohistological analysis 1032:1058 immunohistological analysis 1032:1058 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 0 11 theme degenerated 110:120 arg1 model 142:146 bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model 95:146 bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model 95:146 Glucosamine loaded injectable silk-in-silk integrated system modulate mechanical properties in bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model. 25934453 2 12 from embedded 510:517 arg1 hydrogel 527:534 silk hydrogel 522:534 silk hydrogel 522:534 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 1 13 dep offer 170:174 arg1 eliminating 345:355 eliminating 345:355 eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures 345:397 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 25934453 1 13 dep offer 170:174 arg1 conforming 299:308 conforming 299:308 conforming precisely to the defect spaces 299:339 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 25934453 5 14 theme hydrogel 1175:1182 arg1 potential 1126:1134 the potential 1122:1134 the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue 1122:1230 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 4 15 from manner 814:819 arg1 release 780:786 Spatiotemporal release 765:786 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres 765:853 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 4 16 theme silk 830:833 arg1 microspheres 842:853 the silk hollow microspheres 826:853 the silk hollow microspheres 826:853 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 2 17 theme injectable 421:430 arg1 platform 441:448 an injectable hydrogel platform 418:448 an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength 418:599 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 0 18 theme disc 137:140 arg1 model 142:146 bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model 95:146 bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model 95:146 Glucosamine loaded injectable silk-in-silk integrated system modulate mechanical properties in bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model. 25934453 4 19 theme embedded 907:914 arg1 ADSCs 901:905 ADSCs 901:905 ADSCs embedded in the composite system 901:938 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 5 20 from result 1065:1070 arg1 cells 1103:1107 the cells 1099:1107 the cells 1099:1107 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 2 21 theme hydrogel 432:439 arg1 platform 441:448 an injectable hydrogel platform 418:448 an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength 418:599 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 2 22 theme hollow 495:500 arg1 spheres 502:508 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres 453:508 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel 453:534 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 4 23 from embedded 907:914 arg1 system 933:938 the composite system 919:938 the composite system 919:938 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 4 24 theme composite 923:931 arg1 system 933:938 the composite system 919:938 the composite system 919:938 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 3 25 with par 737:739 arg1 tissue 757:762 the native tissue 746:762 the native tissue 746:762 The assembled silk hydrogel provided adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model in a cyclic compression test at par with the native tissue. 25934453 1 26 theme degenerated 216:226 arg1 disc 243:246 degenerated intervertebral disc 216:246 degenerated intervertebral disc 216:246 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 25934453 2 27 theme silk 490:493 arg1 spheres 502:508 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres 453:508 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel 453:534 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 5 28 theme disc 1220:1223 arg1 tissue 1225:1230 degenerated disc tissue 1208:1230 degenerated disc tissue 1208:1230 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 4 29 theme GlcNAc 791:796 arg1 release 780:786 Spatiotemporal release 765:786 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres 765:853 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 5 30 theme degenerated 1208:1218 arg1 tissue 1225:1230 degenerated disc tissue 1208:1230 degenerated disc tissue 1208:1230 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 1 31 theme intervertebral 228:241 arg1 disc 243:246 degenerated intervertebral disc 216:246 degenerated intervertebral disc 216:246 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 25934453 0 32 theme silk-in-silk 30:41 arg1 system 54:59 injectable silk-in-silk integrated system 19:59 injectable silk-in-silk integrated system 19:59 Glucosamine loaded injectable silk-in-silk integrated system modulate mechanical properties in bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model. 25934453 4 33 from GlcNAc 791:796 arg1 manner 814:819 a controlled manner 801:819 a controlled manner 801:819 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 3 34 theme assembled 606:614 arg1 hydrogel 621:628 The assembled silk hydrogel 602:628 The assembled silk hydrogel 602:628 The assembled silk hydrogel provided adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model in a cyclic compression test at par with the native tissue. 25934453 1 35 theme disc 243:246 arg1 treatment 203:211 treatment 203:211 treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc 203:246 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 25934453 0 36 theme injectable 19:28 arg1 silk-in-silk 30:41 injectable silk-in-silk 19:41 injectable silk-in-silk integrated system 19:59 Glucosamine loaded injectable silk-in-silk integrated system modulate mechanical properties in bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model. 25934453 1 37 theme defect 327:332 arg1 spaces 334:339 the defect spaces 323:339 the defect spaces 323:339 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 25934453 3 38 theme silk 616:619 arg1 hydrogel 621:628 The assembled silk hydrogel 602:628 The assembled silk hydrogel 602:628 The assembled silk hydrogel provided adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model in a cyclic compression test at par with the native tissue. 25934453 2 39 theme embedded 510:517 arg1 spheres 502:508 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres 453:508 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel 453:534 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 2 40 theme silk 522:525 arg1 hydrogel 527:534 silk hydrogel 522:534 silk hydrogel 522:534 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 3 41 theme cyclic 710:715 arg1 test 729:732 a cyclic compression test 708:732 a cyclic compression test 708:732 The assembled silk hydrogel provided adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model in a cyclic compression test at par with the native tissue. 25934453 2 42 from hydrogel 527:534 arg1 embedded 510:517 embedded 510:517 embedded 510:517 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 2 43 theme N-acetyl-glucosamine 453:472 arg1 spheres 502:508 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres 453:508 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel 453:534 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 0 44 theme integrated 43:52 arg1 system 54:59 injectable silk-in-silk integrated system 19:59 injectable silk-in-silk integrated system 19:59 Glucosamine loaded injectable silk-in-silk integrated system modulate mechanical properties in bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model. 25934453 5 45 theme tissue 1225:1230 arg1 regeneration 1192:1203 the regeneration 1188:1203 the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue 1188:1230 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 2 46 theme mechanical 581:590 arg1 strength 592:599 enhanced mechanical strength 572:599 enhanced mechanical strength 572:599 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 5 47 theme injectable 1139:1148 arg1 hydrogel 1175:1182 injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel 1139:1182 injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel 1139:1182 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 2 48 theme loaded 483:488 arg1 spheres 502:508 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres 453:508 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel 453:534 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 4 49 from ADSCs 901:905 arg1 production 885:894 enhanced proteoglycan production 863:894 enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system 863:938 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 2 50 theme therapeutic 548:558 arg1 release 560:566 in situ therapeutic release 540:566 in situ therapeutic release 540:566 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 0 51 theme mechanical 70:79 arg1 properties 81:90 mechanical properties 70:90 mechanical properties 70:90 Glucosamine loaded injectable silk-in-silk integrated system modulate mechanical properties in bovine ex-vivo degenerated intervertebral disc model. 25934453 2 52 theme enhanced 572:579 arg1 strength 592:599 enhanced mechanical strength 572:599 enhanced mechanical strength 572:599 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 5 53 theme silk 1150:1153 arg1 hydrogel 1175:1182 injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel 1139:1182 injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel 1139:1182 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 3 54 theme adequate 639:646 arg1 support 659:665 adequate structural support 639:665 adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model 639:703 The assembled silk hydrogel provided adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model in a cyclic compression test at par with the native tissue. 25934453 4 55 theme Spatiotemporal 765:778 arg1 release 780:786 Spatiotemporal release 765:786 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres 765:853 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 2 56 theme spheres 502:508 arg1 platform 441:448 an injectable hydrogel platform 418:448 an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength 418:599 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 3 57 theme structural 648:657 arg1 support 659:665 adequate structural support 639:665 adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model 639:703 The assembled silk hydrogel provided adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model in a cyclic compression test at par with the native tissue. 25934453 1 58 theme Injectable 149:158 arg1 hydrogels 160:168 Injectable hydrogels 149:168 Injectable hydrogels 149:168 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 25934453 5 59 theme GlcNAc 1089:1094 arg1 action 1079:1084 the action 1075:1084 the action of GlcNAc on the cells 1075:1107 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 3 60 theme degenerated 682:692 arg1 model 699:703 the ex vivo degenerated disc model 670:703 the ex vivo degenerated disc model 670:703 The assembled silk hydrogel provided adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model in a cyclic compression test at par with the native tissue. 25934453 4 61 theme proteoglycan 872:883 arg1 production 885:894 enhanced proteoglycan production 863:894 enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system 863:938 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 5 62 theme proteoglycan 986:997 arg1 production 999:1008 proteoglycan production 986:1008 proteoglycan production 986:1008 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 4 63 theme controlled 803:812 arg1 manner 814:819 a controlled manner 801:819 a controlled manner 801:819 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 2 64 dep in 540:541 arg1 situ 543:546 situ 543:546 situ 543:546 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 3 65 theme compression 717:727 arg1 test 729:732 a cyclic compression test 708:732 a cyclic compression test 708:732 The assembled silk hydrogel provided adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model in a cyclic compression test at par with the native tissue. 25934453 3 66 theme disc 694:697 arg1 model 699:703 the ex vivo degenerated disc model 670:703 the ex vivo degenerated disc model 670:703 The assembled silk hydrogel provided adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model in a cyclic compression test at par with the native tissue. 25934453 4 67 theme enhanced 863:870 arg1 production 885:894 enhanced proteoglycan production 863:894 enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system 863:938 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 5 68 theme MAPK 949:952 arg1 result 1065:1070 a result 1063:1070 a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells 1063:1107 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 5 68 theme MAPK 949:952 arg1 Role 941:944 Role 941:944 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production 941:1008 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 4 69 from release 780:786 arg1 manner 814:819 a controlled manner 801:819 a controlled manner 801:819 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 2 70 theme in 540:541 arg1 release 560:566 in situ therapeutic release 540:566 in situ therapeutic release 540:566 We have developed an injectable hydrogel platform of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) loaded silk hollow spheres embedded in silk hydrogel for in situ therapeutic release and enhanced mechanical strength. 25934453 3 71 theme native 750:755 arg1 tissue 757:762 the native tissue 746:762 the native tissue 746:762 The assembled silk hydrogel provided adequate structural support to the ex vivo degenerated disc model in a cyclic compression test at par with the native tissue. 25934453 5 72 theme action 1079:1084 arg1 result 1065:1070 a result 1063:1070 a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells 1063:1107 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 5 72 theme action 1079:1084 arg1 Role 941:944 Role 941:944 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production 941:1008 Role of MAPK and SMAD pathways in increasing proteoglycan production have been explored by immunohistological analysis as a result of the action of GlcNAc on the cells, elucidating the potential of injectable silk microsphere-in-silk hydrogel for the regeneration of degenerated disc tissue. 25934453 4 73 from microspheres 842:853 arg1 release 780:786 Spatiotemporal release 765:786 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres 765:853 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 1 74 theme tremendous 178:187 arg1 potential 189:197 a tremendous potential 176:197 a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc 176:246 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 25934453 4 75 from system 933:938 arg1 embedded 907:914 embedded 907:914 embedded 907:914 Spatiotemporal release of GlcNAc in a controlled manner from the silk hollow microspheres trigger enhanced proteoglycan production from ADSCs embedded in the composite system. 25934453 1 76 theme complex 282:288 arg1 loading 290:296 complex loading 282:296 complex loading 282:296 Injectable hydrogels offer a tremendous potential for treatment of degenerated intervertebral disc due to their ability to withstand complex loading, conforming precisely to the defect spaces and eliminating the need for invasive surgical procedures. 26313292 8 0 theme pulsed 1581:1586 arg1 light 1608:1612 pulsed noncoherent visible light 1581:1612 pulsed noncoherent visible light 1581:1612 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 3 1 theme drug 482:485 arg1 medium 497:502 the drug recipient medium 478:502 the drug recipient medium 478:502 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 7 2 theme electron 1426:1433 arg1 microscopy 1435:1444 scanning electron microscopy 1417:1444 scanning electron microscopy images 1417:1451 According to scanning electron microscopy images, no structural damage or shunts were created on the surface of the cross-linked gelatin membrane. 26313292 8 3 theme visible 1600:1606 arg1 light 1608:1612 pulsed noncoherent visible light 1581:1612 pulsed noncoherent visible light 1581:1612 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 2 4 theme gradient 270:277 arg1 conditions 279:288 similar concentration gradient conditions 248:288 similar concentration gradient conditions 248:288 To do this, we developed an in vitro eye model while representing similar concentration gradient conditions and compositions found in the eye. 26313292 8 5 theme cross-linked 1669:1680 arg1 membrane 1691:1698 a cross-linked collagen membrane 1667:1698 a cross-linked collagen membrane 1667:1698 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 1 6 theme light-enhanced 103:116 arg1 movement 128:135 light-enhanced molecular movement 103:135 light-enhanced molecular movement 103:135 PURPOSE To investigate light-enhanced molecular movement as a potential technology for drug delivery. 26313292 1 6 theme light-enhanced 103:116 arg1 technology 152:161 a potential technology 140:161 a potential technology for drug delivery 140:179 PURPOSE To investigate light-enhanced molecular movement as a potential technology for drug delivery. 26313292 0 7 dep Delivery 18:25 arg1 Permeation 43:52 Light-Enhanced Permeation 28:52 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 0:78 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 26313292 2 8 theme similar 248:254 arg1 gradient 270:277 similar concentration gradient 248:277 similar concentration gradient conditions 248:288 To do this, we developed an in vitro eye model while representing similar concentration gradient conditions and compositions found in the eye. 26313292 8 9 theme hyaluronic 1704:1713 arg1 medium 1730:1735 hyaluronic acid recipient medium 1704:1735 hyaluronic acid recipient medium 1704:1735 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 3 10 with cuvette 443:449 arg1 acid 470:473 1% hyaluronic acid 456:473 1% hyaluronic acid 456:473 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 5 11 theme defined 998:1004 arg1 gradient 1033:1040 A defined, progressive concentration gradient 996:1040 A defined, progressive concentration gradient 996:1040 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 8 12 theme recipient 1720:1728 arg1 medium 1730:1735 hyaluronic acid recipient medium 1704:1735 hyaluronic acid recipient medium 1704:1735 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 5 13 theme modified 773:780 arg1 spectrophotometer 792:808 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer 771:808 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer 771:808 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 6 14 dep P ≤ 0.001 1259:1267 arg1 to 1256:1257 to 1256:1257 to 1256:1257 Transport of MTX through the membrane was significantly enhanced (ranging from 2 to 3 times, P < 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001) by photokinetic methods compared with control conditions by determining drug concentrations at 4 defined distances from the membrane. 26313292 2 15 theme in 210:211 arg1 model 223:227 an in vitro eye model 207:227 an in vitro eye model 207:227 To do this, we developed an in vitro eye model while representing similar concentration gradient conditions and compositions found in the eye. 26313292 8 16 theme structural 1753:1762 arg1 damage 1764:1769 structural damage 1753:1769 structural damage to the membrane 1753:1785 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 1 17 theme molecular 118:126 arg1 movement 128:135 light-enhanced molecular movement 103:135 light-enhanced molecular movement 103:135 PURPOSE To investigate light-enhanced molecular movement as a potential technology for drug delivery. 26313292 1 17 theme molecular 118:126 arg1 technology 152:161 a potential technology 140:161 a potential technology for drug delivery 140:179 PURPOSE To investigate light-enhanced molecular movement as a potential technology for drug delivery. 26313292 5 18 theme progressive 873:883 arg1 distances 890:898 progressive 1 mm distances 873:898 progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane 873:921 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 7 19 theme membrane 1541:1548 arg1 surface 1505:1511 the surface 1501:1511 the surface of the cross-linked gelatin membrane 1501:1548 According to scanning electron microscopy images, no structural damage or shunts were created on the surface of the cross-linked gelatin membrane. 26313292 8 20 theme MTX 1655:1657 arg1 permeation 1641:1650 the permeation 1637:1650 the permeation of MTX 1637:1657 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 4 21 theme noncoherent 648:658 arg1 light 667:671 noncoherent 450 nm light 648:671 noncoherent 450 nm light 648:671 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 0 22 theme In 60:61 arg1 Model 73:77 an In Vitro Eye Model 57:77 an In Vitro Eye Model 57:77 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 26313292 2 23 theme eye 219:221 arg1 model 223:227 an in vitro eye model 207:227 an in vitro eye model 207:227 To do this, we developed an in vitro eye model while representing similar concentration gradient conditions and compositions found in the eye. 26313292 1 24 theme potential 142:150 arg1 movement 128:135 light-enhanced molecular movement 103:135 light-enhanced molecular movement 103:135 PURPOSE To investigate light-enhanced molecular movement as a potential technology for drug delivery. 26313292 1 24 theme potential 142:150 arg1 technology 152:161 a potential technology 140:161 a potential technology for drug delivery 140:179 PURPOSE To investigate light-enhanced molecular movement as a potential technology for drug delivery. 26313292 7 25 theme cross-linked 1520:1531 arg1 membrane 1541:1548 the cross-linked gelatin membrane 1516:1548 the cross-linked gelatin membrane 1516:1548 According to scanning electron microscopy images, no structural damage or shunts were created on the surface of the cross-linked gelatin membrane. 26313292 4 26 with contact 744:750 arg1 solution 761:768 the solution 757:768 the solution 757:768 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 0 27 theme Eye 69:71 arg1 Model 73:77 an In Vitro Eye Model 57:77 an In Vitro Eye Model 57:77 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 26313292 5 28 theme drug 1078:1081 arg1 media 1093:1097 the nonagitated drug recipient media 1062:1097 the nonagitated drug recipient media 1062:1097 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 5 29 located observed 1046:1053 arg1 media 1093:1097 the nonagitated drug recipient media 1062:1097 the nonagitated drug recipient media 1062:1097 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 5 29 located observed 1046:1053 arg2 medium 953:958 the viscous recipient medium 931:958 the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient 931:1040 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 3 30 theme model 341:345 arg1 unit 347:350 The eye model unit 333:350 The eye model unit 333:350 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 4 31 from cycles 715:720 arg1 pulsed 702:707 pulsed 702:707 pulsed 702:707 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 6 32 theme photokinetic 1273:1284 arg1 methods 1286:1292 photokinetic methods 1273:1292 photokinetic methods compared with control conditions 1273:1325 Transport of MTX through the membrane was significantly enhanced (ranging from 2 to 3 times, P < 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001) by photokinetic methods compared with control conditions by determining drug concentrations at 4 defined distances from the membrane. 26313292 8 33 dep CONCLUSION 1551:1560 arg1 enhances 1628:1635 enhances 1628:1635 enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane 1628:1785 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 7 34 link cross-linked 1520:1531 arg1 membrane 1541:1548 the cross-linked gelatin membrane 1516:1548 the cross-linked gelatin membrane 1516:1548 According to scanning electron microscopy images, no structural damage or shunts were created on the surface of the cross-linked gelatin membrane. 26313292 3 35 theme collagen 402:409 arg1 membrane 411:418 a cross-linked type I collagen membrane 380:418 a cross-linked type I collagen membrane 380:418 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 0 36 theme Photokinetic 0:11 arg1 Delivery 18:25 Photokinetic Drug Delivery 0:25 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 0:78 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 26313292 5 37 theme greater 1117:1123 arg1 distances 1125:1133 greater distances 1117:1133 greater distances from the membrane 1117:1151 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 4 38 from source 695:700 arg1 8.2 mW 676:681 8.2 mW 676:681 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second 676:731 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 6 39 theme defined 1367:1373 arg1 distances 1375:1383 4 defined distances 1365:1383 4 defined distances from the membrane 1365:1401 Transport of MTX through the membrane was significantly enhanced (ranging from 2 to 3 times, P < 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001) by photokinetic methods compared with control conditions by determining drug concentrations at 4 defined distances from the membrane. 26313292 0 40 dep In 60:61 arg1 Vitro 63:67 Vitro 63:67 Vitro 63:67 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 26313292 3 41 theme type 395:398 arg1 collagen 402:409 a cross-linked type I collagen 380:409 a cross-linked type I collagen membrane 380:418 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 3 42 theme spectrophotometer 425:441 arg1 cuvette 443:449 a spectrophotometer cuvette 423:449 a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium 423:502 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 0 43 theme Light-Enhanced 28:41 arg1 Permeation 43:52 Light-Enhanced Permeation 28:52 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 0:78 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 26313292 6 44 theme drug 1342:1345 arg1 concentrations 1347:1360 drug concentrations 1342:1360 drug concentrations 1342:1360 Transport of MTX through the membrane was significantly enhanced (ranging from 2 to 3 times, P < 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001) by photokinetic methods compared with control conditions by determining drug concentrations at 4 defined distances from the membrane. 26313292 7 45 theme structural 1457:1466 arg1 damage 1468:1473 no structural damage 1454:1473 no structural damage 1454:1473 According to scanning electron microscopy images, no structural damage or shunts were created on the surface of the cross-linked gelatin membrane. 26313292 5 46 theme eye 973:975 arg1 medium 953:958 the viscous recipient medium 931:958 the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient 931:1040 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 3 47 theme % 457:457 arg1 acid 470:473 1% hyaluronic acid 456:473 1% hyaluronic acid 456:473 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 8 48 theme light 1608:1612 arg1 application 1566:1576 The application 1562:1576 The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light 1562:1612 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 5 49 theme viscous 935:941 arg1 medium 953:958 the viscous recipient medium 931:958 the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient 931:1040 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 3 50 theme recipient 487:495 arg1 medium 497:502 the drug recipient medium 478:502 the drug recipient medium 478:502 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 7 51 theme microscopy 1435:1444 arg1 images 1446:1451 scanning electron microscopy images 1417:1451 scanning electron microscopy images 1417:1451 According to scanning electron microscopy images, no structural damage or shunts were created on the surface of the cross-linked gelatin membrane. 26313292 6 52 dep enhanced 1210:1217 arg1 P ≤ 0.001 1259:1267 P ≤ 0.001 1259:1267 P ≤ 0.001 1259:1267 Transport of MTX through the membrane was significantly enhanced (ranging from 2 to 3 times, P < 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001) by photokinetic methods compared with control conditions by determining drug concentrations at 4 defined distances from the membrane. 26313292 7 53 theme scanning 1417:1424 arg1 microscopy 1435:1444 scanning electron microscopy 1417:1444 scanning electron microscopy images 1417:1451 According to scanning electron microscopy images, no structural damage or shunts were created on the surface of the cross-linked gelatin membrane. 26313292 5 54 from membrane 914:921 arg1 distances 890:898 progressive 1 mm distances 873:898 progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane 873:921 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 8 55 theme noncoherent 1588:1598 arg1 light 1608:1612 pulsed noncoherent visible light 1581:1612 pulsed noncoherent visible light 1581:1612 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 5 56 dep 1 h. 983:986 arg1 RESULTS 988:994 RESULTS 988:994 RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient 988:1040 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 2 57 theme concentration 256:268 arg1 gradient 270:277 similar concentration gradient 248:277 similar concentration gradient conditions 248:288 To do this, we developed an in vitro eye model while representing similar concentration gradient conditions and compositions found in the eye. 26313292 1 58 theme drug 167:170 arg1 delivery 172:179 drug delivery 167:179 drug delivery 167:179 PURPOSE To investigate light-enhanced molecular movement as a potential technology for drug delivery. 26313292 6 59 theme control 1308:1314 arg1 conditions 1316:1325 control conditions 1308:1325 control conditions 1308:1325 Transport of MTX through the membrane was significantly enhanced (ranging from 2 to 3 times, P < 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001) by photokinetic methods compared with control conditions by determining drug concentrations at 4 defined distances from the membrane. 26313292 8 60 theme collagen 1682:1689 arg1 membrane 1691:1698 a cross-linked collagen membrane 1667:1698 a cross-linked collagen membrane 1667:1698 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 6 61 dep 3 1238:1238 arg1 to 1235:1236 to 1235:1236 to 1235:1236 Transport of MTX through the membrane was significantly enhanced (ranging from 2 to 3 times, P < 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001) by photokinetic methods compared with control conditions by determining drug concentrations at 4 defined distances from the membrane. 26313292 4 62 theme donor 601:605 arg1 compartment 607:617 the drug donor compartment 592:617 the drug donor compartment 592:617 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 5 63 from membrane 1144:1151 arg1 distances 1125:1133 greater distances 1117:1133 greater distances from the membrane 1117:1151 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 8 64 theme acid 1715:1718 arg1 medium 1730:1735 hyaluronic acid recipient medium 1704:1735 hyaluronic acid recipient medium 1704:1735 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 5 65 theme UV-visual 782:790 arg1 spectrophotometer 792:808 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer 771:808 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer 771:808 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 2 66 dep in 210:211 arg1 vitro 213:217 vitro 213:217 vitro 213:217 To do this, we developed an in vitro eye model while representing similar concentration gradient conditions and compositions found in the eye. 26313292 5 67 theme concentration 1019:1031 arg1 gradient 1033:1040 A defined, progressive concentration gradient 996:1040 A defined, progressive concentration gradient 996:1040 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 5 68 theme MTX 865:867 arg1 concentration 848:860 the concentration 844:860 the concentration of MTX 844:867 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 6 69 theme MTX 1167:1169 arg1 Transport 1154:1162 Transport 1154:1162 Transport of MTX through the membrane 1154:1190 Transport of MTX through the membrane was significantly enhanced (ranging from 2 to 3 times, P < 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001) by photokinetic methods compared with control conditions by determining drug concentrations at 4 defined distances from the membrane. 26313292 4 70 dep source 695:700 arg1 pulsed 702:707 pulsed 702:707 pulsed 702:707 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 7 71 theme gelatin 1533:1539 arg1 membrane 1541:1548 the cross-linked gelatin membrane 1516:1548 the cross-linked gelatin membrane 1516:1548 According to scanning electron microscopy images, no structural damage or shunts were created on the surface of the cross-linked gelatin membrane. 26313292 6 72 from membrane 1394:1401 arg1 distances 1375:1383 4 defined distances 1365:1383 4 defined distances from the membrane 1365:1401 Transport of MTX through the membrane was significantly enhanced (ranging from 2 to 3 times, P < 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001) by photokinetic methods compared with control conditions by determining drug concentrations at 4 defined distances from the membrane. 26313292 5 73 theme nonagitated 1066:1076 arg1 media 1093:1097 the nonagitated drug recipient media 1062:1097 the nonagitated drug recipient media 1062:1097 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 4 74 theme 450 nm 660:665 arg1 light 667:671 noncoherent 450 nm light 648:671 noncoherent 450 nm light 648:671 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 5 75 theme recipient 1083:1091 arg1 media 1093:1097 the nonagitated drug recipient media 1062:1097 the nonagitated drug recipient media 1062:1097 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 3 76 theme eye 337:339 arg1 unit 347:350 The eye model unit 333:350 The eye model unit 333:350 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 0 77 from Permeation 43:52 arg1 Model 73:77 an In Vitro Eye Model 57:77 an In Vitro Eye Model 57:77 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 26313292 0 78 theme Drug 13:16 arg1 Delivery 18:25 Photokinetic Drug Delivery 0:25 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 0:78 Photokinetic Drug Delivery: Light-Enhanced Permeation in an In Vitro Eye Model. 26313292 5 79 theme 1 mm 885:888 arg1 distances 890:898 progressive 1 mm distances 873:898 progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane 873:921 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 2 80 located found 307:311 arg2 conditions 279:288 similar concentration gradient conditions 248:288 similar concentration gradient conditions 248:288 To do this, we developed an in vitro eye model while representing similar concentration gradient conditions and compositions found in the eye. 26313292 2 80 located found 307:311 arg1 eye 320:322 the eye 316:322 the eye 316:322 To do this, we developed an in vitro eye model while representing similar concentration gradient conditions and compositions found in the eye. 26313292 4 81 theme LED 691:693 arg1 source 695:700 an LED source 688:700 an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second 688:731 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 4 82 theme 1 mg/mL 555:561 arg1 MTX 577:579 MTX 577:579 MTX 577:579 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 4 82 theme 1 mg/mL 555:561 arg1 methotrexate 563:574 1 mg/mL methotrexate 555:574 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment 555:617 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 3 83 theme 1 456:456 arg1 % 457:457 % 457:457 % 457:457 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 8 84 link cross-linked 1669:1680 arg1 membrane 1691:1698 a cross-linked collagen membrane 1667:1698 a cross-linked collagen membrane 1667:1698 CONCLUSION The application of pulsed noncoherent visible light significantly enhances the permeation of MTX through a cross-linked collagen membrane and hyaluronic acid recipient medium without causing structural damage to the membrane. 26313292 3 85 theme I 400:400 arg1 collagen 402:409 a cross-linked type I collagen 380:409 a cross-linked type I collagen membrane 380:418 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 4 86 theme Photokinetic 505:516 arg1 delivery 518:525 Photokinetic delivery 505:525 Photokinetic delivery 505:525 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 3 87 dep METHODS 325:331 arg1 fabricated 356:365 fabricated 356:365 was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium 352:502 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 4 88 theme drug 596:599 arg1 compartment 607:617 the drug donor compartment 592:617 the drug donor compartment 592:617 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 5 89 theme model 967:971 arg1 eye 973:975 the model eye 963:975 the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient 963:1040 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 3 90 theme cross-linked 382:393 arg1 collagen 402:409 a cross-linked type I collagen 380:409 a cross-linked type I collagen membrane 380:418 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 3 91 link cross-linked 382:393 arg1 collagen 402:409 a cross-linked type I collagen 380:409 a cross-linked type I collagen membrane 380:418 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 3 92 theme hyaluronic 459:468 arg1 acid 470:473 1% hyaluronic acid 456:473 1% hyaluronic acid 456:473 METHODS The eye model unit was fabricated by inserting a cross-linked type I collagen membrane in a spectrophotometer cuvette with 1% hyaluronic acid as the drug recipient medium. 26313292 4 93 from 8.2 mW 676:681 arg1 light 667:671 noncoherent 450 nm light 648:671 noncoherent 450 nm light 648:671 Photokinetic delivery was studied by illuminating 1 mg/mL methotrexate (MTX) placed in the drug donor compartment on top of the membrane, with noncoherent 450 nm light at 8.2 mW from an LED source pulsed at 25 cycles per second, placed in contact with the solution. 26313292 5 94 theme recipient 943:951 arg1 medium 953:958 the viscous recipient medium 931:958 the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient 931:1040 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 26313292 5 95 dep defined 998:1004 arg1 progressive 1007:1017 progressive 1007:1017 progressive 1007:1017 A modified UV-visual spectrophotometer was employed to rapidly determine the concentration of MTX, at progressive 1 mm distances away from the membrane, within the viscous recipient medium of the model eye after 1 h. RESULTS A defined, progressive concentration gradient was observed within the nonagitated drug recipient media, diminishing with greater distances from the membrane. 27338525 8 0 with region-dependent 1054:1069 arg1 values 1099:1104 the highest values 1087:1104 the highest values in the central region 1087:1126 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 8 0 with region-dependent 1054:1069 arg1 strains 1144:1150 mechanical strains 1133:1150 mechanical strains 1133:1150 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 3 1 theme posterior 504:512 arg1 regions 463:469 four regions 458:469 four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior 458:512 The CEPs from non-degenerated human IVD were divided into four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior. 27338525 6 2 theme scanning 811:818 arg1 microscopy 829:838 scanning electron microscopy 811:838 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 811:844 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. 27338525 6 2 theme scanning 811:818 arg1 SEM 841:843 SEM 841:843 SEM 841:843 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. 27338525 7 3 from diffusivities 912:924 arg1 CEP 960:962 healthy CEP 952:962 healthy CEP 952:962 Average diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy CEP were 2.68±0.93×10-7cm2/s and 4.52±1.47×10-7cm2/s, respectively. 27338525 2 4 theme nutrient/metabolite 268:286 arg1 solutes 288:294 nutrient/metabolite solutes 268:294 nutrient/metabolite solutes 268:294 In this study, the diffusivities of nutrient/metabolite solutes in healthy CEP were assessed, and further correlated with tissue biochemical composition and structure. 27338525 1 5 theme nutrient 168:175 arg1 supply 177:182 nutrient supply 168:182 nutrient supply 168:182 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 4 6 theme cell 594:597 arg1 apparatus 599:607 a custom diffusion cell apparatus 575:607 a custom diffusion cell apparatus 575:607 The diffusivities of glucose and lactate were measured with a custom diffusion cell apparatus under 0%, 10%, and 20% compressive strains. 27338525 8 7 dep region-dependent 1054:1069 arg1 p<0.0001 1072:1079 p<0.0001 1072:1079 p<0.0001 1072:1079 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 7 8 theme glucose 929:935 arg1 diffusivities 912:924 Average diffusivities 904:924 Average diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy CEP 904:962 Average diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy CEP were 2.68±0.93×10-7cm2/s and 4.52±1.47×10-7cm2/s, respectively. 27338525 8 9 theme solute 1160:1165 arg1 diffusion 1167:1175 impeded solute diffusion 1152:1175 impeded solute diffusion 1152:1175 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 7 10 theme lactate 941:947 arg1 diffusivities 912:924 Average diffusivities 904:924 Average diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy CEP 904:962 Average diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy CEP were 2.68±0.93×10-7cm2/s and 4.52±1.47×10-7cm2/s, respectively. 27338525 1 11 theme healthy 191:197 arg1 IVD 226:228 the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 187:229 the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 187:229 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 4 12 theme compressive 632:642 arg1 strains 644:650 compressive strains 632:650 compressive strains 632:650 The diffusivities of glucose and lactate were measured with a custom diffusion cell apparatus under 0%, 10%, and 20% compressive strains. 27338525 11 13 theme disc 1825:1828 arg1 degeneration 1830:1841 disc degeneration 1825:1841 disc degeneration 1825:1841 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 8 14 from CEP 1184:1186 arg1 region-dependent 1054:1069 region-dependent 1054:1069 region-dependent 1054:1069 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 10 15 dep nucleus 1463:1469 arg1 NP 1481:1482 NP 1481:1482 NP 1481:1482 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 10 15 dep nucleus 1463:1469 arg1 AF 1507:1508 AF 1507:1508 AF 1507:1508 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 10 15 dep nucleus 1463:1469 arg1 pulposus 1471:1478 pulposus 1471:1478 pulposus (NP) 1471:1483 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 10 15 dep nucleus 1463:1469 arg1 fibrosus 1497:1504 annulus fibrosus 1489:1504 annulus fibrosus (AF) 1489:1509 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 0 16 theme human 76:80 arg1 cartilage 82:90 healthy human cartilage 68:90 healthy human cartilage 68:90 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage endplate. 27338525 9 17 dep glucose 1283:1289 arg1 r=0.581 1302:1308 r=0.581 1302:1308 r=0.581 1302:1308 The solute diffusivities were significantly correlated with the tissue porosities (glucose: p<0.0001, r=0.581; lactate: p<0.0001, r=0.534). 27338525 9 17 dep glucose 1283:1289 arg1 r=0.534 1330:1336 r=0.534 1330:1336 r=0.534 1330:1336 The solute diffusivities were significantly correlated with the tissue porosities (glucose: p<0.0001, r=0.581; lactate: p<0.0001, r=0.534). 27338525 9 17 dep glucose 1283:1289 arg1 p<0.0001 1292:1299 p<0.0001 1292:1299 p<0.0001 1292:1299 The solute diffusivities were significantly correlated with the tissue porosities (glucose: p<0.0001, r=0.581; lactate: p<0.0001, r=0.534). 27338525 9 17 dep glucose 1283:1289 arg1 lactate 1311:1317 lactate 1311:1317 lactate: p<0.0001 1311:1327 The solute diffusivities were significantly correlated with the tissue porosities (glucose: p<0.0001, r=0.581; lactate: p<0.0001, r=0.534). 27338525 8 18 from region-dependent 1054:1069 arg1 p<0.0001 1189:1196 p<0.0001 1189:1196 p<0.0001 1189:1196 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 8 18 from region-dependent 1054:1069 arg1 CEP 1184:1186 the CEP 1180:1186 the CEP (p<0.0001) 1180:1197 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 9 19 dep lactate 1311:1317 arg1 p<0.0001 1320:1327 p<0.0001 1320:1327 lactate: p<0.0001 1311:1327 The solute diffusivities were significantly correlated with the tissue porosities (glucose: p<0.0001, r=0.581; lactate: p<0.0001, r=0.534). 27338525 8 20 dep values 1099:1104 arg1 diffusion 1167:1175 impeded solute diffusion 1152:1175 impeded solute diffusion 1152:1175 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 2 21 theme biochemical 361:371 arg1 composition 373:383 tissue biochemical composition 354:383 tissue biochemical composition 354:383 In this study, the diffusivities of nutrient/metabolite solutes in healthy CEP were assessed, and further correlated with tissue biochemical composition and structure. 27338525 9 22 theme tissue 1264:1269 arg1 glucose 1283:1289 glucose 1283:1289 glucose 1283:1289 The solute diffusivities were significantly correlated with the tissue porosities (glucose: p<0.0001, r=0.581; lactate: p<0.0001, r=0.534). 27338525 9 22 theme tissue 1264:1269 arg1 porosities 1271:1280 the tissue porosities 1260:1280 the tissue porosities (glucose: p<0.0001, r=0.581; lactate: p<0.0001, r=0.534) 1260:1337 The solute diffusivities were significantly correlated with the tissue porosities (glucose: p<0.0001, r=0.581; lactate: p<0.0001, r=0.534). 27338525 11 23 from balance 1709:1715 arg1 disc 1761:1764 healthy human disc 1747:1764 healthy human disc 1747:1764 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 0 24 theme Region 0:5 arg1 diffusivities 28:40 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities 0:40 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage 0:90 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage endplate. 27338525 0 25 theme strain-dependent 11:26 arg1 diffusivities 28:40 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities 0:40 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage 0:90 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage endplate. 27338525 8 26 from values 1099:1104 arg1 region 1121:1126 the central region 1109:1126 the central region 1109:1126 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 1 27 theme cartilage 106:114 arg1 CEP 126:128 CEP 126:128 CEP 126:128 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 1 27 theme cartilage 106:114 arg1 endplate 116:123 The cartilage endplate 102:123 The cartilage endplate (CEP) 102:129 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 1 27 theme cartilage 106:114 arg1 pathway 157:163 the main pathway 148:163 the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 148:229 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 10 28 theme healthy 1414:1420 arg1 CEP 1422:1424 healthy CEP 1414:1424 healthy CEP 1414:1424 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 11 29 theme smaller 1576:1582 arg1 diffusivities 1591:1603 much smaller solute diffusivities 1571:1603 much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP 1571:1616 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 3 30 theme human 430:434 arg1 IVD 436:438 non-degenerated human IVD 414:438 non-degenerated human IVD 414:438 The CEPs from non-degenerated human IVD were divided into four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior. 27338525 5 31 theme glycosaminoglycan 713:729 arg1 contents 737:744 the water and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents 699:744 contents 737:744 Biochemical assays were conducted to quantify the water and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents. 27338525 6 32 theme eosin 792:796 arg1 staining 798:805 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining 747:805 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining 747:805 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. 27338525 3 33 from IVD 436:438 arg1 CEPs 404:407 The CEPs 400:407 The CEPs from non-degenerated human IVD 400:438 The CEPs from non-degenerated human IVD were divided into four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior. 27338525 6 34 theme hematoxylin 776:786 arg1 staining 798:805 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining 747:805 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining 747:805 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. 27338525 11 35 theme human 1608:1612 arg1 CEP 1614:1616 human CEP 1608:1616 human CEP 1608:1616 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 11 36 theme environment 1732:1742 arg1 balance 1709:1715 the balance 1705:1715 the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc 1705:1764 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 2 37 theme healthy 299:305 arg1 CEP 307:309 healthy CEP 299:309 healthy CEP 299:309 In this study, the diffusivities of nutrient/metabolite solutes in healthy CEP were assessed, and further correlated with tissue biochemical composition and structure. 27338525 1 38 theme human 199:203 arg1 IVD 226:228 the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 187:229 the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 187:229 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 11 39 theme healthy 1747:1753 arg1 disc 1761:1764 healthy human disc 1747:1764 healthy human disc 1747:1764 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 1 40 theme disc 220:223 arg1 IVD 226:228 the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 187:229 the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 187:229 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 8 41 from strains 1144:1150 arg1 region 1121:1126 the central region 1109:1126 the central region 1109:1126 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 11 42 theme human 1554:1558 arg1 AF 1560:1561 human AF 1554:1561 human AF 1554:1561 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 3 43 theme central 472:478 arg1 regions 463:469 four regions 458:469 four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior 458:512 The CEPs from non-degenerated human IVD were divided into four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior. 27338525 8 44 theme highest 1091:1097 arg1 values 1099:1104 the highest values 1087:1104 the highest values in the central region 1087:1126 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 4 45 theme glucose 536:542 arg1 diffusivities 519:531 The diffusivities 515:531 The diffusivities of glucose and lactate 515:554 The diffusivities of glucose and lactate were measured with a custom diffusion cell apparatus under 0%, 10%, and 20% compressive strains. 27338525 4 46 theme lactate 548:554 arg1 diffusivities 519:531 The diffusivities 515:531 The diffusivities of glucose and lactate 515:554 The diffusivities of glucose and lactate were measured with a custom diffusion cell apparatus under 0%, 10%, and 20% compressive strains. 27338525 3 47 theme anterior 490:497 arg1 regions 463:469 four regions 458:469 four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior 458:512 The CEPs from non-degenerated human IVD were divided into four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior. 27338525 1 48 theme main 152:155 arg1 endplate 116:123 The cartilage endplate 102:123 The cartilage endplate (CEP) 102:129 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 1 48 theme main 152:155 arg1 pathway 157:163 the main pathway 148:163 the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 148:229 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 8 49 theme central 1113:1119 arg1 region 1121:1126 the central region 1109:1126 the central region 1109:1126 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 6 50 theme electron 820:827 arg1 microscopy 829:838 scanning electron microscopy 811:838 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 811:844 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. 27338525 6 50 theme electron 820:827 arg1 SEM 841:843 SEM 841:843 SEM 841:843 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. 27338525 5 51 theme water 703:707 arg1 contents 737:744 the water and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents 699:744 contents 737:744 Biochemical assays were conducted to quantify the water and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents. 27338525 10 52 theme Histological 1340:1351 arg1 studies 1361:1367 Histological and SEM studies 1340:1367 studies 1361:1367 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 2 53 theme solutes 288:294 arg1 diffusivities 251:263 the diffusivities 247:263 the diffusivities of nutrient/metabolite solutes in healthy CEP 247:309 In this study, the diffusivities of nutrient/metabolite solutes in healthy CEP were assessed, and further correlated with tissue biochemical composition and structure. 27338525 6 54 theme CEP 899:901 arg1 structure 882:890 the tissue structure 871:890 the tissue structure of the CEP 871:901 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. 27338525 1 55 theme supply 177:182 arg1 endplate 116:123 The cartilage endplate 102:123 The cartilage endplate (CEP) 102:129 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 1 55 theme supply 177:182 arg1 pathway 157:163 the main pathway 148:163 the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 148:229 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 8 56 theme mechanical 1133:1142 arg1 strains 1144:1150 mechanical strains 1133:1150 mechanical strains 1133:1150 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 4 57 theme diffusion 584:592 arg1 apparatus 599:607 a custom diffusion cell apparatus 575:607 a custom diffusion cell apparatus 575:607 The diffusivities of glucose and lactate were measured with a custom diffusion cell apparatus under 0%, 10%, and 20% compressive strains. 27338525 11 58 theme solute 1658:1663 arg1 diffusion 1665:1673 solute diffusion 1658:1673 solute diffusion through the disc 1658:1690 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 11 59 theme degeneration 1830:1841 arg1 progression 1810:1820 the progression 1806:1820 the progression of disc degeneration 1806:1841 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 8 60 theme impeded 1152:1158 arg1 diffusion 1167:1175 impeded solute diffusion 1152:1175 impeded solute diffusion 1152:1175 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 6 61 theme tissue 875:880 arg1 structure 882:890 the tissue structure 871:890 the tissue structure of the CEP 871:901 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. 27338525 10 62 from fibers 1404:1409 arg1 CEP 1422:1424 healthy CEP 1414:1424 healthy CEP 1414:1424 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 7 63 theme healthy 952:958 arg1 CEP 960:962 healthy CEP 952:962 healthy CEP 952:962 Average diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy CEP were 2.68±0.93×10-7cm2/s and 4.52±1.47×10-7cm2/s, respectively. 27338525 11 64 from disc 1761:1764 arg1 balance 1709:1715 the balance 1705:1715 the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc 1705:1764 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 0 65 theme healthy 68:74 arg1 cartilage 82:90 healthy human cartilage 68:90 healthy human cartilage 68:90 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage endplate. 27338525 9 66 theme solute 1204:1209 arg1 diffusivities 1211:1223 The solute diffusivities 1200:1223 The solute diffusivities 1200:1223 The solute diffusivities were significantly correlated with the tissue porosities (glucose: p<0.0001, r=0.581; lactate: p<0.0001, r=0.534). 27338525 11 67 from diffusivities 1591:1603 arg1 CEP 1614:1616 human CEP 1608:1616 human CEP 1608:1616 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 0 68 from diffusivities 28:40 arg1 cartilage 82:90 healthy human cartilage 68:90 healthy human cartilage 68:90 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage endplate. 27338525 10 69 theme annulus 1489:1495 arg1 AF 1507:1508 AF 1507:1508 AF 1507:1508 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 10 69 theme annulus 1489:1495 arg1 fibrosus 1497:1504 annulus fibrosus 1489:1504 annulus fibrosus (AF) 1489:1509 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 7 70 theme Average 904:910 arg1 diffusivities 912:924 Average diffusivities 904:924 Average diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy CEP 904:962 Average diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy CEP were 2.68±0.93×10-7cm2/s and 4.52±1.47×10-7cm2/s, respectively. 27338525 2 71 from diffusivities 251:263 arg1 CEP 307:309 healthy CEP 299:309 healthy CEP 299:309 In this study, the diffusivities of nutrient/metabolite solutes in healthy CEP were assessed, and further correlated with tissue biochemical composition and structure. 27338525 11 72 from environment 1732:1742 arg1 disc 1761:1764 healthy human disc 1747:1764 healthy human disc 1747:1764 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 5 73 theme Biochemical 653:663 arg1 assays 665:670 Biochemical assays 653:670 Biochemical assays 653:670 Biochemical assays were conducted to quantify the water and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents. 27338525 10 74 theme SEM 1357:1359 arg1 studies 1361:1367 Histological and SEM studies 1340:1367 studies 1361:1367 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 10 75 theme collagen 1395:1402 arg1 compacted 1435:1443 compacted 1435:1443 compacted 1435:1443 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 10 75 theme collagen 1395:1402 arg1 fibers 1404:1409 the collagen fibers 1391:1409 the collagen fibers in healthy CEP 1391:1424 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 2 76 theme tissue 354:359 arg1 composition 373:383 tissue biochemical composition 354:383 tissue biochemical composition 354:383 In this study, the diffusivities of nutrient/metabolite solutes in healthy CEP were assessed, and further correlated with tissue biochemical composition and structure. 27338525 10 77 theme clear 1523:1527 arg1 orientation 1529:1539 no clear orientation 1520:1539 no clear orientation 1520:1539 Histological and SEM studies further revealed that the collagen fibers in healthy CEP are more compacted than those in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and show no clear orientation. 27338525 8 78 theme Solute 1028:1033 arg1 diffusivities 1035:1047 Solute diffusivities 1028:1047 Solute diffusivities 1028:1047 Solute diffusivities were region-dependent (p<0.0001) with the highest values in the central region, and mechanical strains impeded solute diffusion in the CEP (p<0.0001). 27338525 3 79 theme lateral 481:487 arg1 regions 463:469 four regions 458:469 four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior 458:512 The CEPs from non-degenerated human IVD were divided into four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior. 27338525 0 80 theme glucose 45:51 arg1 diffusivities 28:40 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities 0:40 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage 0:90 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage endplate. 27338525 11 81 theme mechanical 1772:1781 arg1 loading 1783:1789 mechanical loading 1772:1789 mechanical loading 1772:1789 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 0 82 theme lactate 57:63 arg1 diffusivities 28:40 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities 0:40 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage 0:90 Region and strain-dependent diffusivities of glucose and lactate in healthy human cartilage endplate. 27338525 11 83 theme nutritional 1720:1730 arg1 environment 1732:1742 nutritional environment 1720:1742 nutritional environment in healthy human disc 1720:1764 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 6 84 theme Ehrlich׳s 766:774 arg1 hematoxylin 776:786 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin 747:786 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin 747:786 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. 27338525 11 85 theme solute 1584:1589 arg1 diffusivities 1591:1603 much smaller solute diffusivities 1571:1603 much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP 1571:1616 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 27338525 1 86 theme intervertebral 205:218 arg1 IVD 226:228 the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 187:229 the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD) 187:229 The cartilage endplate (CEP) is implicated as the main pathway of nutrient supply to the healthy human intervertebral disc (IVD). 27338525 6 87 theme Safranin-O 751:760 arg1 hematoxylin 776:786 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin 747:786 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin 747:786 The Safranin-O and Ehrlich׳s hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to reveal the tissue structure of the CEP. 27338525 4 88 dep % 616:616 arg1 strains 644:650 compressive strains 632:650 compressive strains 632:650 The diffusivities of glucose and lactate were measured with a custom diffusion cell apparatus under 0%, 10%, and 20% compressive strains. 27338525 3 89 theme non-degenerated 414:428 arg1 IVD 436:438 non-degenerated human IVD 414:438 non-degenerated human IVD 414:438 The CEPs from non-degenerated human IVD were divided into four regions: central, lateral, anterior, and posterior. 27338525 4 90 theme custom 577:582 arg1 apparatus 599:607 a custom diffusion cell apparatus 575:607 a custom diffusion cell apparatus 575:607 The diffusivities of glucose and lactate were measured with a custom diffusion cell apparatus under 0%, 10%, and 20% compressive strains. 27338525 11 91 theme human 1755:1759 arg1 disc 1761:1764 healthy human disc 1747:1764 healthy human disc 1747:1764 Compared to human AF and NP, much smaller solute diffusivities in human CEP suggested that it acts as a gateway for solute diffusion through the disc, maintaining the balance of nutritional environment in healthy human disc under mechanical loading and preventing the progression of disc degeneration. 26474791 0 0 theme bone 90:93 arg1 protein-2 109:117 bone morphogenetic protein-2 90:117 bone morphogenetic protein-2 90:117 Mode of heparin attachment to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite affects its interaction with bone morphogenetic protein-2. 26474791 8 1 theme heparin 1715:1721 arg1 attachment 1701:1710 attachment 1701:1710 attachment of heparin to HAP 1701:1728 This illustrates that by altering the mode of attachment of heparin to HAP the release profile and total release of BMP-2 can be manipulated. 26474791 1 2 theme morphogenetic 157:169 arg1 BMP-2 182:186 BMP-2 182:186 BMP-2 182:186 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 1 2 theme morphogenetic 157:169 arg1 protein-2 171:179 bone morphogenetic protein-2 152:179 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 152:187 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 6 3 from particles 1263:1271 arg1 release 1237:1243 The release 1233:1243 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline 1233:1313 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 8 4 theme BMP-2 1771:1775 arg1 profile 1742:1748 release profile 1734:1748 release profile 1734:1748 This illustrates that by altering the mode of attachment of heparin to HAP the release profile and total release of BMP-2 can be manipulated. 26474791 8 4 theme BMP-2 1771:1775 arg1 release 1760:1766 total release 1754:1766 total release 1754:1766 This illustrates that by altering the mode of attachment of heparin to HAP the release profile and total release of BMP-2 can be manipulated. 26474791 2 5 theme BMP-2 309:313 arg1 release 298:304 release 298:304 release of BMP-2 298:313 The aim of this study was to investigate how the rate of release of BMP-2 was affected when adsorbed to nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles functionalized with heparin by different methods. 26474791 7 6 theme unmodified 1638:1647 arg1 HAP 1649:1651 unmodified HAP 1638:1651 unmodified HAP 1638:1651 Moreover, when heparin was adsorbed onto pure HAP, it was found that the BMP-2 released after 7 days was 5% (similar to that from unmodified HAP). 26474791 7 7 theme pure 1549:1552 arg1 HAP 1554:1556 pure HAP 1549:1556 pure HAP 1549:1556 Moreover, when heparin was adsorbed onto pure HAP, it was found that the BMP-2 released after 7 days was 5% (similar to that from unmodified HAP). 26474791 6 8 theme BMP-2 1344:1348 arg1 BMP-2 1344:1348 the loaded BMP-2 1333:1348 the loaded BMP-2 1333:1348 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 6 8 theme BMP-2 1344:1348 arg1 % 1328:1328 31% 1326:1328 31% of the loaded BMP-2 1326:1348 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 1 9 contain has 128:130 arg2 affinity 139:146 a high affinity 132:146 a high affinity 132:146 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 1 9 contain has 128:130 arg2 factor 212:217 a key growth factor 199:217 a key growth factor in bone regeneration 199:238 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 1 9 contain has 128:130 arg1 Heparin 120:126 Heparin 120:126 Heparin 120:126 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 5 10 theme heparin 1209:1215 arg1 stability 1196:1204 the stability 1192:1204 the stability of heparin on the surface 1192:1230 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 0 11 theme morphogenetic 95:107 arg1 protein-2 109:117 bone morphogenetic protein-2 90:117 bone morphogenetic protein-2 90:117 Mode of heparin attachment to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite affects its interaction with bone morphogenetic protein-2. 26474791 5 12 attach attached 876:883 arg2 heparin 863:869 heparin 863:869 heparin 863:869 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 5 12 attach attached 876:883 arg2 amounts 852:858 Comparable amounts 841:858 Comparable amounts of heparin 841:869 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 5 12 attach attached 876:883 arg1 particles 949:957 the APTES-modified particles 930:957 the APTES-modified particles 930:957 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 3 13 dep attached 448:455 arg1 either 480:485 either 480:485 either 480:485 Heparin was attached to the surface of HAP, either via adsorption or covalent coupling, via a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer. 26474791 0 14 with interaction 73:83 arg1 protein-2 109:117 bone morphogenetic protein-2 90:117 bone morphogenetic protein-2 90:117 Mode of heparin attachment to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite affects its interaction with bone morphogenetic protein-2. 26474791 2 15 theme study 257:261 arg1 aim 245:247 The aim 241:247 The aim of this study 241:261 The aim of this study was to investigate how the rate of release of BMP-2 was affected when adsorbed to nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles functionalized with heparin by different methods. 26474791 9 16 theme phosphorylation 1893:1907 arg1 assay 1909:1913 the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay 1878:1913 the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay 1878:1913 Importantly, the BMP-2 released from all the heparin particle types was found by the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay to be biologically active. 26474791 5 17 from conformation 1083:1094 arg1 surface 1118:1124 the surface 1114:1124 the surface 1114:1124 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 4 18 theme APTES-modified 821:834 arg1 HAP 836:838 APTES-modified HAP 821:838 APTES-modified HAP 821:838 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 4 19 theme chemical 578:585 arg1 composition 587:597 The chemical composition 574:597 The chemical composition of the particles 574:614 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 2 20 theme hydroxyapatite 355:368 arg1 particles 376:384 nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles 345:384 nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles functionalized with heparin by different methods 345:433 The aim of this study was to investigate how the rate of release of BMP-2 was affected when adsorbed to nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles functionalized with heparin by different methods. 26474791 6 21 theme APTES-modified 1372:1385 arg1 particles 1387:1395 the APTES-modified particles 1368:1395 the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed 1368:1505 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 6 22 theme BMP-2 1248:1252 arg1 release 1237:1243 The release 1233:1243 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline 1233:1313 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 6 23 with particles 1387:1395 arg1 heparin 1402:1408 heparin 1402:1408 heparin 1402:1408 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 7 24 theme similar 1617:1623 arg1 % 1614:1614 5% 1613:1614 5% (similar to that from unmodified HAP) 1613:1652 Moreover, when heparin was adsorbed onto pure HAP, it was found that the BMP-2 released after 7 days was 5% (similar to that from unmodified HAP). 26474791 7 24 theme similar 1617:1623 arg1 BMP-2 1581:1585 the BMP-2 1577:1585 the BMP-2 released after 7 days 1577:1607 Moreover, when heparin was adsorbed onto pure HAP, it was found that the BMP-2 released after 7 days was 5% (similar to that from unmodified HAP). 26474791 2 25 theme nanosized 345:353 arg1 particles 376:384 nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles 345:384 nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles functionalized with heparin by different methods 345:433 The aim of this study was to investigate how the rate of release of BMP-2 was affected when adsorbed to nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles functionalized with heparin by different methods. 26474791 9 26 theme particle 1850:1857 arg1 types 1859:1863 all the heparin particle types 1834:1863 all the heparin particle types 1834:1863 Importantly, the BMP-2 released from all the heparin particle types was found by the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay to be biologically active. 26474791 5 27 theme APTES-modified 934:947 arg1 particles 949:957 the APTES-modified particles 930:957 the APTES-modified particles 930:957 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 4 28 theme HAP 836:838 arg1 fabrication 806:816 the fabrication 802:816 the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP 802:838 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 8 29 dep profile 1742:1748 arg1 the 1730:1732 the 1730:1732 the 1730:1732 This illustrates that by altering the mode of attachment of heparin to HAP the release profile and total release of BMP-2 can be manipulated. 26474791 5 30 theme heparin 863:869 arg1 amounts 852:858 Comparable amounts 841:858 Comparable amounts of heparin 841:869 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 5 30 theme heparin 863:869 arg1 heparin 863:869 heparin 863:869 heparin 863:869 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 0 31 theme attachment 16:25 arg1 Mode 0:3 Mode 0:3 Mode of heparin attachment to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite 0:59 Mode of heparin attachment to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite affects its interaction with bone morphogenetic protein-2. 26474791 5 32 theme Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 1028:1049 arg1 measurements 1051:1062 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements 1028:1062 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements 1028:1062 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 3 33 theme covalent 505:512 arg1 coupling 514:521 covalent coupling 505:521 covalent coupling 505:521 Heparin was attached to the surface of HAP, either via adsorption or covalent coupling, via a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer. 26474791 9 34 theme heparin 1842:1848 arg1 types 1859:1863 all the heparin particle types 1834:1863 all the heparin particle types 1834:1863 Importantly, the BMP-2 released from all the heparin particle types was found by the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay to be biologically active. 26474791 6 35 from particles 1471:1479 arg1 % 1445:1445 16% 1443:1445 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed 1443:1505 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 0 36 theme heparin 8:14 arg1 attachment 16:25 heparin attachment 8:25 heparin attachment 8:25 Mode of heparin attachment to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite affects its interaction with bone morphogenetic protein-2. 26474791 4 37 theme heparin 717:723 arg1 densities 734:742 the heparin grafting densities 713:742 the heparin grafting densities achieved 713:751 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 4 37 theme heparin 717:723 arg1 dependent 758:766 dependent 758:766 dependent 758:766 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 6 38 theme loaded 1337:1342 arg1 BMP-2 1344:1348 the loaded BMP-2 1333:1348 the loaded BMP-2 1333:1348 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 4 39 theme photoelectron 642:654 arg1 spectroscopy 656:667 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 636:667 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 636:667 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 0 40 theme nanocrystalline 30:44 arg1 hydroxyapatite 46:59 nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite 30:59 nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite 30:59 Mode of heparin attachment to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite affects its interaction with bone morphogenetic protein-2. 26474791 4 41 theme elemental 673:681 arg1 microanalysis 683:695 elemental microanalysis 673:695 elemental microanalysis 673:695 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 5 42 from stability 1196:1204 arg1 surface 1224:1230 the surface 1220:1230 the surface 1220:1230 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 5 43 theme zeta 1009:1012 arg1 potential 1014:1022 zeta potential 1009:1022 zeta potential 1009:1022 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 2 44 theme HAP 371:373 arg1 particles 376:384 nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles 345:384 nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles functionalized with heparin by different methods 345:433 The aim of this study was to investigate how the rate of release of BMP-2 was affected when adsorbed to nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles functionalized with heparin by different methods. 26474791 5 45 theme Comparable 841:850 arg1 amounts 852:858 Comparable amounts 841:858 Comparable amounts of heparin 841:869 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 5 45 theme Comparable 841:850 arg1 heparin 863:869 heparin 863:869 heparin 863:869 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 8 46 attach attachment 1701:1710 arg1 HAP 1726:1728 HAP 1726:1728 HAP 1726:1728 This illustrates that by altering the mode of attachment of heparin to HAP the release profile and total release of BMP-2 can be manipulated. 26474791 8 46 attach attachment 1701:1710 arg2 heparin 1715:1721 heparin 1715:1721 heparin 1715:1721 This illustrates that by altering the mode of attachment of heparin to HAP the release profile and total release of BMP-2 can be manipulated. 26474791 3 47 theme APTES 560:564 arg1 layer 567:571 a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer 528:571 a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer 528:571 Heparin was attached to the surface of HAP, either via adsorption or covalent coupling, via a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer. 26474791 1 48 theme key 201:203 arg1 affinity 139:146 a high affinity 132:146 a high affinity 132:146 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 1 48 theme key 201:203 arg1 factor 212:217 a key growth factor 199:217 a key growth factor in bone regeneration 199:238 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 5 49 theme attachment 1157:1166 arg1 method 1147:1152 the method 1143:1152 the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface 1143:1230 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 5 50 theme heparin 1103:1109 arg1 dependent 1130:1138 dependent 1130:1138 dependent 1130:1138 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 5 50 theme heparin 1103:1109 arg1 conformation 1083:1094 the conformation 1079:1094 the conformation of the heparin on the surface 1079:1124 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 5 51 theme covalent 894:901 arg1 coupling 903:910 covalent coupling 894:910 covalent coupling 894:910 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 2 52 theme different 417:425 arg1 methods 427:433 different methods 417:433 different methods 417:433 The aim of this study was to investigate how the rate of release of BMP-2 was affected when adsorbed to nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles functionalized with heparin by different methods. 26474791 6 53 theme phosphate-buffered 1289:1306 arg1 saline 1308:1313 phosphate-buffered saline 1289:1313 phosphate-buffered saline 1289:1313 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 3 54 theme 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 530:557 arg1 layer 567:571 a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer 528:571 a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer 528:571 Heparin was attached to the surface of HAP, either via adsorption or covalent coupling, via a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer. 26474791 8 55 theme release 1734:1740 arg1 profile 1742:1748 release profile 1734:1748 release profile 1734:1748 This illustrates that by altering the mode of attachment of heparin to HAP the release profile and total release of BMP-2 can be manipulated. 26474791 2 56 theme release 298:304 arg1 rate 290:293 the rate 286:293 the rate of release of BMP-2 286:313 The aim of this study was to investigate how the rate of release of BMP-2 was affected when adsorbed to nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles functionalized with heparin by different methods. 26474791 6 57 from days 1281:1284 arg1 saline 1308:1313 phosphate-buffered saline 1289:1313 phosphate-buffered saline 1289:1313 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 6 58 attach released 1354:1361 arg2 % 1328:1328 31% 1326:1328 31% of the loaded BMP-2 1326:1348 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 6 58 attach released 1354:1361 arg2 BMP-2 1344:1348 the loaded BMP-2 1333:1348 the loaded BMP-2 1333:1348 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 6 58 attach released 1354:1361 arg1 particles 1387:1395 the APTES-modified particles 1368:1395 the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed 1368:1505 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 8 59 theme total 1754:1758 arg1 release 1760:1766 total release 1754:1766 total release 1754:1766 This illustrates that by altering the mode of attachment of heparin to HAP the release profile and total release of BMP-2 can be manipulated. 26474791 9 60 theme 1/5/8 1887:1891 arg1 assay 1909:1913 the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay 1878:1913 the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay 1878:1913 Importantly, the BMP-2 released from all the heparin particle types was found by the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay to be biologically active. 26474791 1 61 theme high 134:137 arg1 affinity 139:146 a high affinity 132:146 a high affinity 132:146 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 1 61 theme high 134:137 arg1 factor 212:217 a key growth factor 199:217 a key growth factor in bone regeneration 199:238 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 4 62 theme grafting 725:732 arg1 densities 734:742 the heparin grafting densities 713:742 the heparin grafting densities achieved 713:751 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 4 62 theme grafting 725:732 arg1 dependent 758:766 dependent 758:766 dependent 758:766 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 1 63 theme growth 205:210 arg1 affinity 139:146 a high affinity 132:146 a high affinity 132:146 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 1 63 theme growth 205:210 arg1 factor 212:217 a key growth factor 199:217 a key growth factor in bone regeneration 199:238 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 1 64 from factor 212:217 arg1 regeneration 227:238 bone regeneration 222:238 bone regeneration 222:238 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 5 65 theme particle 988:995 arg1 surfaces 997:1004 the particle surfaces 984:1004 the particle surfaces 984:1004 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 9 66 theme SMAD 1882:1885 arg1 assay 1909:1913 the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay 1878:1913 the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay 1878:1913 Importantly, the BMP-2 released from all the heparin particle types was found by the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay to be biologically active. 26474791 4 67 theme X-ray 636:640 arg1 spectroscopy 656:667 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 636:667 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 636:667 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 6 68 theme APTES-modified 1456:1469 arg1 particles 1471:1479 the APTES-modified particles 1452:1479 the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed 1452:1505 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 5 69 theme surfaces 997:1004 arg1 characterization 964:979 characterization 964:979 characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements 964:1062 Comparable amounts of heparin were attached via both covalent coupling and adsorption to the APTES-modified particles, but characterization of the particle surfaces by zeta potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements indicated that the conformation of the heparin on the surface was dependent on the method of attachment, which in turn affected the stability of heparin on the surface. 26474791 8 70 theme attachment 1701:1710 arg1 mode 1693:1696 the mode 1689:1696 the mode of attachment of heparin to HAP 1689:1728 This illustrates that by altering the mode of attachment of heparin to HAP the release profile and total release of BMP-2 can be manipulated. 26474791 3 71 theme HAP 475:477 arg1 surface 464:470 the surface 460:470 the surface of HAP 460:477 Heparin was attached to the surface of HAP, either via adsorption or covalent coupling, via a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer. 26474791 4 72 theme particles 606:614 arg1 composition 587:597 The chemical composition 574:597 The chemical composition of the particles 574:614 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 6 73 with particles 1471:1479 arg1 heparin 1490:1496 the heparin 1486:1496 the heparin adsorbed 1486:1505 The release of BMP-2 from the particles after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline found that 31% of the loaded BMP-2 was released from the APTES-modified particles with heparin covalently attached, compared to 16% from the APTES-modified particles with the heparin adsorbed. 26474791 9 74 attach released 1820:1827 arg2 BMP-2 1814:1818 the BMP-2 1810:1818 the BMP-2 released from all the heparin particle types 1810:1863 Importantly, the BMP-2 released from all the heparin particle types was found by the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay to be biologically active. 26474791 9 74 attach released 1820:1827 arg2 active 1934:1939 active 1934:1939 active 1934:1939 Importantly, the BMP-2 released from all the heparin particle types was found by the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay to be biologically active. 26474791 9 74 attach released 1820:1827 arg1 types 1859:1863 all the heparin particle types 1834:1863 all the heparin particle types 1834:1863 Importantly, the BMP-2 released from all the heparin particle types was found by the SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation assay to be biologically active. 26474791 4 75 theme curing 775:780 arg1 temperature 782:792 the curing temperature 771:792 the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP 771:838 The chemical composition of the particles was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis, revealing that the heparin grafting densities achieved were dependent on the curing temperature used in the fabrication of APTES-modified HAP. 26474791 3 76 attach attached 448:455 arg2 Heparin 436:442 Heparin 436:442 Heparin 436:442 Heparin was attached to the surface of HAP, either via adsorption or covalent coupling, via a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer. 26474791 3 76 attach attached 448:455 arg1 surface 464:470 the surface 460:470 the surface of HAP 460:477 Heparin was attached to the surface of HAP, either via adsorption or covalent coupling, via a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) layer. 26474791 1 77 theme bone 152:155 arg1 BMP-2 182:186 BMP-2 182:186 BMP-2 182:186 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 1 77 theme bone 152:155 arg1 protein-2 171:179 bone morphogenetic protein-2 152:179 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 152:187 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26474791 1 78 theme bone 222:225 arg1 regeneration 227:238 bone regeneration 222:238 bone regeneration 222:238 Heparin has a high affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a key growth factor in bone regeneration. 26950922 2 0 theme elictors 535:542 arg1 addition 515:522 addition 515:522 addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD) 515:593 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 5 1 theme TX 1304:1305 arg1 content 1307:1313 TX content 1304:1313 TX content to 0.036% w/w 1304:1327 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 1 2 theme tropical 224:231 arg1 plant 249:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant 222:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds 222:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 2 theme tropical 224:231 arg1 Weber 177:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber 148:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) 148:186 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 3 contain contains 261:268 arg2 plant 249:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant 222:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds 222:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 3 contain contains 261:268 arg2 taraxasterol 270:281 taraxasterol 270:281 taraxasterol (TX) 270:286 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 3 contain contains 261:268 arg2 taraxerol 292:300 taraxerol 292:300 taraxerol (TA) 292:305 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 3 contain contains 261:268 arg1 plant 249:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant 222:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds 222:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 3 contain contains 261:268 arg1 roots 314:318 its roots 310:318 its roots 310:318 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 3 contain contains 261:268 arg2 TA 303:304 TA 303:304 TA 303:304 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 3 contain contains 261:268 arg2 Weber 177:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber 148:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) 148:186 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 3 contain contains 261:268 arg1 Weber 177:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber 148:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) 148:186 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 3 contain contains 261:268 arg2 TX 284:285 TX 284:285 TX 284:285 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 4 theme medicinal 239:247 arg1 plant 249:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant 222:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds 222:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 4 theme medicinal 239:247 arg1 Weber 177:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber 148:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) 148:186 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 4 5 theme TA 923:924 arg1 quantification 905:918 quantification 905:918 quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures 905:952 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 6 from TX 930:931 arg1 cultures 945:952 elicited cultures 936:952 elicited cultures 936:952 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 2 7 theme methyl 549:554 arg1 MJ 567:568 MJ 567:568 MJ 567:568 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 2 7 theme methyl 549:554 arg1 jasmonate 556:564 methyl jasmonate 549:564 methyl jasmonate (MJ) 549:569 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 5 8 from concentration 1058:1070 arg1 MJ 1050:1051 MJ 1050:1051 MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM 1050:1080 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 4 9 theme TX 930:931 arg1 quantification 905:918 quantification 905:918 quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures 905:952 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 10 dep elicitors 829:837 arg1 MJ 839:840 MJ 839:840 MJ 839:840 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 10 dep elicitors 829:837 arg1 elicitors 829:837 the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD 817:847 the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD 817:847 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 10 dep elicitors 829:837 arg1 CD 846:847 CD 846:847 CD 846:847 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 11 from TA 923:924 arg1 cultures 945:952 elicited cultures 936:952 elicited cultures 936:952 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 5 12 dep observed 1036:1043 arg1 whereas 1236:1242 whereas 1236:1242 whereas 1236:1242 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 0 13 theme officinale 120:129 arg1 cultures 138:145 (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures 109:145 (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures 109:145 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 0 13 theme officinale 120:129 arg1 Weber 131:135 Taraxacum officinale Weber 110:135 Taraxacum officinale Weber 110:135 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 4 14 from quantification 905:918 arg1 cultures 945:952 elicited cultures 936:952 elicited cultures 936:952 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 5 15 theme TX 1474:1475 arg1 content 1463:1469 content 1463:1469 content of TX 1463:1475 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 0 16 from production 65:74 arg1 cultures 138:145 (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures 109:145 (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures 109:145 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 0 16 from production 65:74 arg1 Weber 131:135 Taraxacum officinale Weber 110:135 Taraxacum officinale Weber 110:135 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 6 17 dep CONCLUSION 1530:1539 arg1 it 1572:1573 it 1572:1573 it 1572:1573 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 2 18 theme root 603:606 arg1 cultures 626:633 the root callus suspension cultures 599:633 the root callus suspension cultures of TO 599:639 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 5 19 theme % 1323:1323 arg1 w/w 1325:1327 0.036% w/w 1318:1327 0.036% w/w 1318:1327 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 20 theme 0.0299 1480:1485 arg1 % 1486:1486 % 1486:1486 % 1486:1486 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 3 21 theme medium 736:741 arg1 4-D 762:764 4-D 762:764 4-D 762:764 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension was maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS + IAA + BA + 2, 4-D (0.5 ppm + 1 ppm + 0.5 ppm). 26950922 3 21 theme medium 736:741 arg1 MS 732:733 MS 732:733 MS 732:733 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension was maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS + IAA + BA + 2, 4-D (0.5 ppm + 1 ppm + 0.5 ppm). 26950922 3 21 theme medium 736:741 arg1 MS 743:744 Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS 709:744 Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS 709:744 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension was maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS + IAA + BA + 2, 4-D (0.5 ppm + 1 ppm + 0.5 ppm). 26950922 4 22 theme Performance 971:981 arg1 HPLC 1006:1009 HPLC 1006:1009 HPLC 1006:1009 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 22 theme Performance 971:981 arg1 Chromatography 990:1003 High Performance Liquid Chromatography 966:1003 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis 966:1019 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 1 23 theme important 359:367 arg1 compounds 380:388 commercially important anticancer compounds 346:388 commercially important anticancer compounds 346:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 2 24 from increase 461:468 arg1 yield 473:477 yield 473:477 yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD) 473:593 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 5 25 from increase 1094:1101 arg1 content 1106:1112 content 1106:1112 content of TX to 0.032% w/w 1106:1132 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 4 26 theme elicited 936:943 arg1 cultures 945:952 elicited cultures 936:952 elicited cultures 936:952 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 1 27 theme CONTEXT 148:154 arg1 Weber 177:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber 148:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) 148:186 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 27 theme CONTEXT 148:154 arg1 plant 249:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant 222:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds 222:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 2 28 theme study 435:439 arg1 objective 410:418 The main objective 401:418 The main objective of the present study 401:439 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 5 29 theme TA 1210:1211 arg1 content 1213:1219 TA content 1210:1219 TA content 1210:1219 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 2 30 theme suspension 615:624 arg1 cultures 626:633 the root callus suspension cultures 599:633 the root callus suspension cultures of TO 599:639 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 0 31 theme taraxerol 79:87 arg1 production 65:74 enhanced production 56:74 enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures 56:145 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 1 32 theme officinale 166:175 arg1 Weber 177:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber 148:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) 148:186 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 32 theme officinale 166:175 arg1 plant 249:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant 222:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds 222:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 5 33 from concentration 1254:1266 arg1 CD 1244:1245 CD 1244:1245 CD at the concentration of 25 mM 1244:1275 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 0 34 theme taraxasterol 93:104 arg1 production 65:74 enhanced production 56:74 enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures 56:145 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 4 35 theme Chromatography 990:1003 arg1 analysis 1012:1019 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis 966:1019 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis 966:1019 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 5 36 theme mM 1368:1369 arg1 concentrations 1340:1353 the concentrations 1336:1353 the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM 1336:1369 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 2 37 dep OBJECTIVE 391:399 arg1 was 441:443 was 441:443 was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO 441:639 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 5 38 theme mM 1079:1080 arg1 concentration 1058:1070 a concentration 1056:1070 a concentration of 0.2 mM 1056:1080 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 0 39 theme methyl 16:21 arg1 jasmonate 23:31 methyl jasmonate 16:31 methyl jasmonate 16:31 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 5 40 from concentrations 1141:1154 arg1 increase 1094:1101 good increase 1089:1101 good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM 1089:1181 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 41 theme good 1089:1092 arg1 increase 1094:1101 good increase 1089:1101 good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM 1089:1181 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 6 42 theme Dandelion 1705:1713 arg1 cultures 1720:1727 Dandelion cell cultures 1705:1727 Dandelion cell cultures 1705:1727 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 4 43 theme abiotic 821:827 arg1 MJ 839:840 MJ 839:840 MJ 839:840 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 43 theme abiotic 821:827 arg1 elicitors 829:837 the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD 817:847 the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD 817:847 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 43 theme abiotic 821:827 arg1 CD 846:847 CD 846:847 CD 846:847 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 5 44 dep showed 1277:1282 arg1 showed 1371:1376 showed 1371:1376 showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w 1277:1512 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 45 from concentrations 1340:1353 arg1 increase 1292:1299 highest increase 1284:1299 highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM 1284:1369 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 46 theme % 1409:1409 arg1 w/w 1411:1413 0.023% w/w 1404:1413 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w 1404:1512 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 1 47 theme dandelion 207:215 arg1 " 216:216 "dandelion" 206:216 "dandelion" 206:216 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 5 48 dep showed 1082:1087 arg1 showed 1183:1188 showed 1183:1188 showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w 1082:1233 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 6 49 from investigation 1558:1570 arg1 CONCLUSION 1530:1539 CONCLUSION 1530:1539 CONCLUSION From the present investigation it 1530:1573 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 6 49 from investigation 1558:1570 arg1 DISCUSSION 1515:1524 DISCUSSION 1515:1524 DISCUSSION 1515:1524 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 5 50 theme highest 1284:1290 arg1 increase 1292:1299 highest increase 1284:1299 highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM 1284:1369 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 51 theme TA 1390:1391 arg1 content 1393:1399 TA content 1390:1399 TA content 1390:1399 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 2 52 theme abiotic 527:533 arg1 elictors 535:542 abiotic elictors 527:542 abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD) 527:593 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 4 53 theme central 870:876 arg1 design 888:893 central composite design 870:893 central composite design (CCD) 870:899 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 53 theme central 870:876 arg1 CCD 896:898 CCD 896:898 CCD 896:898 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 5 54 theme plant 1434:1438 arg1 root 1440:1443 the plant root 1430:1443 the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w 1430:1512 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 54 theme plant 1434:1438 arg1 PR 1446:1447 PR 1446:1447 PR 1446:1447 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 1 55 theme Asian 233:237 arg1 plant 249:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant 222:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds 222:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 55 theme Asian 233:237 arg1 Weber 177:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber 148:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) 148:186 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 5 56 from increase 1378:1385 arg1 content 1393:1399 TA content 1390:1399 TA content 1390:1399 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 57 dep w/w 1411:1413 arg1 compared 1418:1425 compared 1418:1425 compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w 1418:1512 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 58 theme mM 1274:1275 arg1 concentration 1254:1266 the concentration 1250:1266 the concentration of 25 mM 1250:1275 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 59 from increase 1198:1205 arg1 content 1213:1219 TA content 1210:1219 TA content 1210:1219 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 3 60 theme METHODS 656:662 arg1 suspension 680:689 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension 642:689 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension 642:689 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension was maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS + IAA + BA + 2, 4-D (0.5 ppm + 1 ppm + 0.5 ppm). 26950922 2 61 theme TX 482:483 arg1 yield 473:477 yield 473:477 yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD) 473:593 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 5 62 dep RESULT 1022:1027 arg1 It 1029:1030 It 1029:1030 It 1029:1030 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 3 63 theme MATERIALS 642:650 arg1 suspension 680:689 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension 642:689 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension 642:689 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension was maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS + IAA + BA + 2, 4-D (0.5 ppm + 1 ppm + 0.5 ppm). 26950922 2 64 theme callus 608:613 arg1 cultures 626:633 the root callus suspension cultures 599:633 the root callus suspension cultures of TO 599:639 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 5 65 theme 0.036 1318:1322 arg1 % 1323:1323 % 1323:1323 % 1323:1323 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 4 66 theme Liquid 983:988 arg1 HPLC 1006:1009 HPLC 1006:1009 HPLC 1006:1009 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 66 theme Liquid 983:988 arg1 Chromatography 990:1003 High Performance Liquid Chromatography 966:1003 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis 966:1019 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 6 67 theme present 1550:1556 arg1 investigation 1558:1570 the present investigation 1546:1570 the present investigation 1546:1570 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 3 68 theme root 668:671 arg1 callus 673:678 The root callus 664:678 The root callus 664:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension was maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS + IAA + BA + 2, 4-D (0.5 ppm + 1 ppm + 0.5 ppm). 26950922 3 69 dep 4-D 762:764 arg1 ppm 771:773 0.5 ppm + 1 ppm 767:781 ppm 771:773 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension was maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS + IAA + BA + 2, 4-D (0.5 ppm + 1 ppm + 0.5 ppm). 26950922 3 69 dep 4-D 762:764 arg1 ppm 779:781 0.5 ppm + 1 ppm 767:781 ppm 779:781 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension was maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS + IAA + BA + 2, 4-D (0.5 ppm + 1 ppm + 0.5 ppm). 26950922 3 69 dep 4-D 762:764 arg1 ppm 789:791 0.5 ppm 785:791 0.5 ppm 785:791 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension was maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS + IAA + BA + 2, 4-D (0.5 ppm + 1 ppm + 0.5 ppm). 26950922 2 70 theme TA 489:490 arg1 yield 473:477 yield 473:477 yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD) 473:593 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 1 71 theme anticancer 369:378 arg1 compounds 380:388 commercially important anticancer compounds 346:388 commercially important anticancer compounds 346:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 72 dep contains 261:268 arg1 reported 331:338 reported 331:338 are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds 327:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 3 73 dep MATERIALS 642:650 arg1 callus 673:678 The root callus 664:678 The root callus 664:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS The root callus suspension was maintained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium MS + IAA + BA + 2, 4-D (0.5 ppm + 1 ppm + 0.5 ppm). 26950922 1 74 theme Taraxacum 156:164 arg1 Weber 177:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber 148:181 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) 148:186 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 1 74 theme Taraxacum 156:164 arg1 plant 249:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant 222:253 a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds 222:388 CONTEXT Taraxacum officinale Weber (TO) commonly known as "dandelion", is a tropical Asian medicinal plant which contains taraxasterol (TX) and taraxerol (TA) in its roots, which are reported to be commercially important anticancer compounds. 26950922 2 75 theme present 427:433 arg1 study 435:439 the present study 423:439 the present study 423:439 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 0 76 theme Taraxacum 110:118 arg1 cultures 138:145 (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures 109:145 (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures 109:145 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 0 76 theme Taraxacum 110:118 arg1 Weber 131:135 Taraxacum officinale Weber 110:135 Taraxacum officinale Weber 110:135 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 5 77 dep concentrations 1141:1154 arg1 concentrations 1141:1154 concentrations 1141:1154 concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM 1141:1181 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 77 dep concentrations 1141:1154 arg1 mM 1161:1162 0.05 mM 1156:1162 0.05 mM 1156:1162 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 77 dep concentrations 1141:1154 arg1 mM 1169:1170 0.1 mM 1165:1170 0.1 mM 1165:1170 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 77 dep concentrations 1141:1154 arg1 mM 1180:1181 0.2 mM 1176:1181 0.2 mM 1176:1181 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 78 theme similar 1190:1196 arg1 increase 1198:1205 similar increase 1190:1205 similar increase in TA content 1190:1219 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 4 79 theme elicitors 829:837 arg1 concentrations 799:812 The concentrations 795:812 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD 795:847 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 0 80 theme jasmonate 23:31 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 0:146 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 0 81 theme β-cyclodextrin 37:50 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 0:146 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 6 82 theme cell 1715:1718 arg1 cultures 1720:1727 Dandelion cell cultures 1705:1727 Dandelion cell cultures 1705:1727 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 5 83 theme mM 1361:1362 arg1 mM 1368:1369 25 mM, 50 mM 1358:1369 mM 1368:1369 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 0 84 theme enhanced 56:63 arg1 production 65:74 enhanced production 56:74 enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures 56:145 Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures. 26950922 6 85 dep elicitors 1617:1625 arg1 MJ 1627:1628 MJ 1627:1628 MJ 1627:1628 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 6 85 dep elicitors 1617:1625 arg1 elicitors 1617:1625 the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD 1601:1635 the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD 1601:1635 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 6 85 dep elicitors 1617:1625 arg1 CD 1634:1635 CD 1634:1635 CD 1634:1635 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 2 86 theme main 405:408 arg1 objective 410:418 The main objective 401:418 The main objective of the present study 401:439 OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the increase in yield of TX and TA through elicitation by addition of abiotic elictors like methyl jasmonate (MJ) and β-cyclodextrin (CD), to the root callus suspension cultures of TO. 26950922 5 87 theme % 1486:1486 arg1 w/w 1488:1490 0.0299% w/w 1480:1490 0.0299% w/w 1480:1490 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 88 theme 0.023 1404:1408 arg1 % 1409:1409 % 1409:1409 % 1409:1409 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 6 89 theme TX 1691:1692 arg1 content 1694:1700 TX content 1691:1700 TX content 1691:1700 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 4 90 theme composite 878:886 arg1 design 888:893 central composite design 870:893 central composite design (CCD) 870:899 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 90 theme composite 878:886 arg1 CCD 896:898 CCD 896:898 CCD 896:898 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 91 theme High 966:969 arg1 HPLC 1006:1009 HPLC 1006:1009 HPLC 1006:1009 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 4 91 theme High 966:969 arg1 Chromatography 990:1003 High Performance Liquid Chromatography 966:1003 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis 966:1019 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 5 92 theme TX 1117:1118 arg1 content 1106:1112 content 1106:1112 content of TX to 0.032% w/w 1106:1132 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 5 93 from increase 1292:1299 arg1 content 1307:1313 TX content 1304:1313 TX content to 0.036% w/w 1304:1327 RESULT It was observed that MJ at a concentration of 0.2 mM showed good increase in content of TX to 0.032% w/w and at concentrations 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM showed similar increase in TA content to 0.018% w/w, whereas CD at the concentration of 25 mM showed highest increase in TX content to 0.036% w/w and at the concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM showed increase in TA content to 0.023% w/w as compared to the plant root (PR) which showed content of TX as 0.0299% w/w and TA as 0.0169% w/w. 26950922 4 94 from cultures 945:952 arg1 quantification 905:918 quantification 905:918 quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures 905:952 The concentrations of the abiotic elicitors MJ and CD were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and quantification of TA and TX in elicited cultures was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. 26950922 6 95 theme abiotic 1609:1615 arg1 MJ 1627:1628 MJ 1627:1628 MJ 1627:1628 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 6 95 theme abiotic 1609:1615 arg1 elicitors 1617:1625 the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD 1601:1635 the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD 1601:1635 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 26950922 6 95 theme abiotic 1609:1615 arg1 CD 1634:1635 CD 1634:1635 CD 1634:1635 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From the present investigation it was concluded that out of the two abiotic elicitors MJ and CD, CD was found to be more effective to increase TA and TX content in Dandelion cell cultures. 29113887 7 0 theme sponge-like 1152:1162 arg1 scaffolds 1164:1172 these sponge-like scaffolds 1146:1172 these sponge-like scaffolds 1146:1172 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 3 1 theme PEGDa-SF 518:525 arg1 hydrogel 527:534 a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel 497:534 a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel (PSFHy) 497:542 The formation of a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel (PSFHy) was optimized for 3D-cell culture. 29113887 3 1 theme PEGDa-SF 518:525 arg1 PSFHy 537:541 PSFHy 537:541 PSFHy 537:541 The formation of a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel (PSFHy) was optimized for 3D-cell culture. 29113887 1 2 theme most 258:261 arg1 properties 244:253 the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties 194:253 the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues 194:283 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 0 3 theme cells-carrier 81:93 arg1 systems 95:101 adult stem cells-carrier systems 70:101 adult stem cells-carrier systems 70:101 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels functionalized with microspheres as adult stem cells-carrier systems. 29113887 7 4 theme scaffolds 1164:1172 arg1 application 1131:1141 a potential application 1119:1141 a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate 1119:1303 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 3 5 theme hydrogel 527:534 arg1 formation 484:492 The formation 480:492 The formation of a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel (PSFHy) 480:542 The formation of a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel (PSFHy) was optimized for 3D-cell culture. 29113887 5 6 theme stem 748:751 arg1 cells 753:757 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells 728:757 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells 728:757 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 7 7 from effects 1192:1198 arg1 fate 1300:1303 the stem cells fate 1285:1303 the stem cells fate 1285:1303 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 4 8 with Functionalization 579:595 arg1 microspheres 626:637 protein microspheres 618:637 protein microspheres (MS) 618:642 Functionalization of the 3D-PSFHy with protein microspheres (MS) was required to increase the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material. 29113887 4 8 with Functionalization 579:595 arg1 MS 640:641 MS 640:641 MS 640:641 Functionalization of the 3D-PSFHy with protein microspheres (MS) was required to increase the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material. 29113887 8 9 theme stem 1408:1411 arg1 systems 1426:1432 stem cell-carrier systems 1408:1432 stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery 1408:1549 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 8 9 theme stem 1408:1411 arg1 PSFHys 1375:1380 the PSFHys 1371:1380 the PSFHys functionalized with MS 1371:1403 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 7 10 theme different 1256:1264 arg1 kinds 1266:1270 different kinds 1256:1270 different kinds of cells 1256:1279 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 1 11 theme native 270:275 arg1 tissues 277:283 the native tissues 266:283 the native tissues 266:283 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 5 12 theme muscle 924:929 arg1 process 947:953 the cardiac muscle differentiation process 912:953 the cardiac muscle differentiation process 912:953 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 7 13 theme potential 1121:1129 arg1 application 1131:1141 a potential application 1119:1141 a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate 1119:1303 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 5 14 theme proteins 854:861 arg1 viability 826:834 good viability 821:834 good viability 821:834 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 5 14 theme proteins 854:861 arg1 expression 840:849 expression 840:849 expression 840:849 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 4 15 theme 3D-PSFHy 604:611 arg1 Functionalization 579:595 Functionalization 579:595 Functionalization of the 3D-PSFHy with protein microspheres (MS) 579:642 Functionalization of the 3D-PSFHy with protein microspheres (MS) was required to increase the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material. 29113887 5 16 theme cardiac 916:922 arg1 process 947:953 the cardiac muscle differentiation process 912:953 the cardiac muscle differentiation process 912:953 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 5 17 theme good 821:824 arg1 viability 826:834 good viability 821:834 good viability 821:834 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 0 18 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 hydrogels 24:32 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels 0:32 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels 0:32 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels functionalized with microspheres as adult stem cells-carrier systems. 29113887 0 19 theme silk 11:14 arg1 hydrogels 24:32 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels 0:32 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels 0:32 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels functionalized with microspheres as adult stem cells-carrier systems. 29113887 8 20 with systems 1426:1432 arg1 delivery 1542:1549 controlled biochemical factor delivery 1512:1549 controlled biochemical factor delivery 1512:1549 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 8 20 with systems 1426:1432 arg1 agents 1501:1506 potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents 1463:1506 potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents 1463:1506 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 8 20 with systems 1426:1432 arg1 properties 1451:1460 sponge-like properties 1439:1460 sponge-like properties 1439:1460 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 7 21 theme cells 1275:1279 arg1 kinds 1266:1270 different kinds 1256:1270 different kinds of cells 1256:1279 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 2 22 theme biosynthetic 311:322 arg1 hydrogels 324:332 composite biosynthetic hydrogels 301:332 composite biosynthetic hydrogels 301:332 In this study, composite biosynthetic hydrogels were produced by combining the bio-functionality of silk fibroin (SF) with the structural versatility of polyethylene-glycol-diacrylated (PEGDa). 29113887 7 23 theme extracellular 1211:1223 arg1 microenvironments 1225:1241 several extracellular microenvironments 1203:1241 several extracellular microenvironments 1203:1241 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 2 24 theme fibroin 391:397 arg1 bio-functionality 365:381 the bio-functionality 361:381 the bio-functionality of silk fibroin (SF) 361:402 In this study, composite biosynthetic hydrogels were produced by combining the bio-functionality of silk fibroin (SF) with the structural versatility of polyethylene-glycol-diacrylated (PEGDa). 29113887 2 25 theme polyethylene-glycol-diacrylated 439:469 arg1 versatility 424:434 the structural versatility 409:434 the structural versatility of polyethylene-glycol-diacrylated (PEGDa) 409:477 In this study, composite biosynthetic hydrogels were produced by combining the bio-functionality of silk fibroin (SF) with the structural versatility of polyethylene-glycol-diacrylated (PEGDa). 29113887 2 26 theme composite 301:309 arg1 hydrogels 324:332 composite biosynthetic hydrogels 301:332 composite biosynthetic hydrogels 301:332 In this study, composite biosynthetic hydrogels were produced by combining the bio-functionality of silk fibroin (SF) with the structural versatility of polyethylene-glycol-diacrylated (PEGDa). 29113887 2 27 theme silk 386:389 arg1 SF 400:401 SF 400:401 SF 400:401 In this study, composite biosynthetic hydrogels were produced by combining the bio-functionality of silk fibroin (SF) with the structural versatility of polyethylene-glycol-diacrylated (PEGDa). 29113887 2 27 theme silk 386:389 arg1 fibroin 391:397 silk fibroin 386:397 silk fibroin (SF) 386:402 In this study, composite biosynthetic hydrogels were produced by combining the bio-functionality of silk fibroin (SF) with the structural versatility of polyethylene-glycol-diacrylated (PEGDa). 29113887 6 28 theme sulfate 993:999 arg1 addition 969:976 the addition 965:976 the addition of chondroitin sulfate into the scaffolds 965:1018 Further, the addition of chondroitin sulfate into the scaffolds improved the cell viability. 29113887 8 29 theme sponge-like 1439:1449 arg1 properties 1451:1460 sponge-like properties 1439:1460 sponge-like properties 1439:1460 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 3 30 theme 3D-cell 562:568 arg1 culture 570:576 3D-cell culture 562:576 3D-cell culture 562:576 The formation of a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel (PSFHy) was optimized for 3D-cell culture. 29113887 2 31 theme structural 413:422 arg1 versatility 424:434 the structural versatility 409:434 the structural versatility of polyethylene-glycol-diacrylated (PEGDa) 409:477 In this study, composite biosynthetic hydrogels were produced by combining the bio-functionality of silk fibroin (SF) with the structural versatility of polyethylene-glycol-diacrylated (PEGDa). 29113887 0 32 theme fibroin 16:22 arg1 hydrogels 24:32 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels 0:32 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels 0:32 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels functionalized with microspheres as adult stem cells-carrier systems. 29113887 6 33 theme chondroitin 981:991 arg1 sulfate 993:999 chondroitin sulfate 981:999 chondroitin sulfate 981:999 Further, the addition of chondroitin sulfate into the scaffolds improved the cell viability. 29113887 1 34 theme good 118:121 arg1 Hydrogels 104:112 Hydrogels 104:112 Hydrogels 104:112 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 1 34 theme good 118:121 arg1 materials 133:141 good candidate materials 118:141 good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds 118:169 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 1 35 theme chemical 208:215 arg1 properties 244:253 the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties 194:253 the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues 194:283 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 5 36 theme MS-embedding 791:802 arg1 PSFHy 804:808 the MS-embedding PSFHy 787:808 the MS-embedding PSFHy 787:808 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 4 37 theme material 718:725 arg1 properties 700:709 the porosity and cell-adhesive properties 669:709 the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material 669:725 Functionalization of the 3D-PSFHy with protein microspheres (MS) was required to increase the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material. 29113887 5 38 theme Cardiac 728:734 arg1 cells 753:757 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells 728:757 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells 728:757 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 7 39 theme stem 1289:1292 arg1 fate 1300:1303 the stem cells fate 1285:1303 the stem cells fate 1285:1303 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 1 40 theme physical 198:205 arg1 properties 244:253 the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties 194:253 the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues 194:283 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 5 41 theme mesenchymal 736:746 arg1 cells 753:757 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells 728:757 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells 728:757 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 8 42 theme biochemical 1523:1533 arg1 delivery 1542:1549 controlled biochemical factor delivery 1512:1549 controlled biochemical factor delivery 1512:1549 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 5 43 theme differentiation 931:945 arg1 process 947:953 the cardiac muscle differentiation process 912:953 the cardiac muscle differentiation process 912:953 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 1 44 theme electrical 218:227 arg1 properties 244:253 the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties 194:253 the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues 194:283 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 5 45 theme phases 902:907 arg1 characteristic 872:885 characteristic 872:885 characteristic 872:885 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 8 46 theme controlled 1512:1521 arg1 delivery 1542:1549 controlled biochemical factor delivery 1512:1549 controlled biochemical factor delivery 1512:1549 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 1 47 theme candidate 123:131 arg1 Hydrogels 104:112 Hydrogels 104:112 Hydrogels 104:112 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 1 47 theme candidate 123:131 arg1 materials 133:141 good candidate materials 118:141 good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds 118:169 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 4 48 theme protein 618:624 arg1 microspheres 626:637 protein microspheres 618:637 protein microspheres (MS) 618:642 Functionalization of the 3D-PSFHy with protein microspheres (MS) was required to increase the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material. 29113887 4 48 theme protein 618:624 arg1 MS 640:641 MS 640:641 MS 640:641 Functionalization of the 3D-PSFHy with protein microspheres (MS) was required to increase the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material. 29113887 7 49 theme scaffold 1079:1086 arg1 cell-preconditioning 1051:1070 A cell-preconditioning 1049:1070 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold 1049:1086 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 8 50 theme factor 1535:1540 arg1 delivery 1542:1549 controlled biochemical factor delivery 1512:1549 controlled biochemical factor delivery 1512:1549 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 3 51 theme photopolymerizable 499:516 arg1 hydrogel 527:534 a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel 497:534 a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel (PSFHy) 497:542 The formation of a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel (PSFHy) was optimized for 3D-cell culture. 29113887 3 51 theme photopolymerizable 499:516 arg1 PSFHy 537:541 PSFHy 537:541 PSFHy 537:541 The formation of a photopolymerizable PEGDa-SF hydrogel (PSFHy) was optimized for 3D-cell culture. 29113887 7 52 theme cells 1294:1298 arg1 fate 1300:1303 the stem cells fate 1285:1303 the stem cells fate 1285:1303 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 4 53 theme porosity 673:680 arg1 properties 700:709 the porosity and cell-adhesive properties 669:709 the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material 669:725 Functionalization of the 3D-PSFHy with protein microspheres (MS) was required to increase the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material. 29113887 8 54 theme potential 1463:1471 arg1 agents 1501:1506 potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents 1463:1506 potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents 1463:1506 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 5 55 theme process 947:953 arg1 phases 902:907 the initial phases 890:907 the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process 890:953 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 5 56 theme initial 894:900 arg1 phases 902:907 the initial phases 890:907 the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process 890:953 Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, which were cultured within the MS-embedding PSFHy, exhibited good viability and expression of proteins that are characteristic of the initial phases of the cardiac muscle differentiation process. 29113887 8 57 theme ultrasound-imaging 1473:1490 arg1 agents 1501:1506 potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents 1463:1506 potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents 1463:1506 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 1 58 theme cell 147:150 arg1 scaffolds 161:169 cell delivery scaffolds 147:169 cell delivery scaffolds 147:169 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 1 59 theme biological 233:242 arg1 properties 244:253 the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties 194:253 the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues 194:283 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 0 60 theme stem 76:79 arg1 systems 95:101 adult stem cells-carrier systems 70:101 adult stem cells-carrier systems 70:101 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels functionalized with microspheres as adult stem cells-carrier systems. 29113887 8 61 theme cell-carrier 1413:1424 arg1 systems 1426:1432 stem cell-carrier systems 1408:1432 stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery 1408:1549 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 8 61 theme cell-carrier 1413:1424 arg1 PSFHys 1375:1380 the PSFHys 1371:1380 the PSFHys functionalized with MS 1371:1403 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 8 62 theme contrast 1492:1499 arg1 agents 1501:1506 potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents 1463:1506 potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents 1463:1506 The results presented herein highlight on the possibility to use the PSFHys functionalized with MS as stem cell-carrier systems with sponge-like properties, potential ultrasound-imaging contrast agents and controlled biochemical factor delivery. 29113887 1 63 theme delivery 152:159 arg1 scaffolds 161:169 cell delivery scaffolds 147:169 cell delivery scaffolds 147:169 Hydrogels are good candidate materials for cell delivery scaffolds because they can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical and biological properties of most of the native tissues. 29113887 0 64 theme adult 70:74 arg1 systems 95:101 adult stem cells-carrier systems 70:101 adult stem cells-carrier systems 70:101 Injectable silk fibroin hydrogels functionalized with microspheres as adult stem cells-carrier systems. 29113887 7 65 theme several 1203:1209 arg1 microenvironments 1225:1241 several extracellular microenvironments 1203:1241 several extracellular microenvironments 1203:1241 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 4 66 theme cell-adhesive 686:698 arg1 properties 700:709 the porosity and cell-adhesive properties 669:709 the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material 669:725 Functionalization of the 3D-PSFHy with protein microspheres (MS) was required to increase the porosity and cell-adhesive properties of the material. 29113887 7 67 theme microenvironments 1225:1241 arg1 effects 1192:1198 the effects 1188:1198 the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate 1188:1303 A cell-preconditioning of the scaffold was also performed, suggesting a potential application of these sponge-like scaffolds for analysing the effects of several extracellular microenvironments, produced by different kinds of cells, on the stem cells fate. 29113887 6 68 theme cell 1033:1036 arg1 viability 1038:1046 the cell viability 1029:1046 the cell viability 1029:1046 Further, the addition of chondroitin sulfate into the scaffolds improved the cell viability. 27960125 5 0 theme degradation 757:767 arg1 products 769:776 sugar degradation products 751:776 sugar degradation products 751:776 It was found that the ultrastructural changes accelerate monomeric sugars production without influencing the yield of sugar degradation products. 27960125 0 1 from effect 15:20 arg1 kinetics 83:90 kinetics 83:90 kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment 83:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 0 1 from effect 15:20 arg1 treatment 70:78 mechanical treatment 59:78 mechanical treatment 59:78 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 1 2 theme high 266:269 arg1 yields 283:288 high total sugar yields 266:288 high total sugar yields 266:288 Currently, various chemical-mechanical treatments were widely used in biofuel production to achieve high total sugar yields. 27960125 5 3 theme products 769:776 arg1 yield 742:746 the yield 738:746 the yield of sugar degradation products 738:776 It was found that the ultrastructural changes accelerate monomeric sugars production without influencing the yield of sugar degradation products. 27960125 4 4 theme 30 522:523 arg1 powders 553:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders resulted in a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively. 27960125 7 5 theme 92 963:964 arg1 % 958:958 % 958:958 % 958:958 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 7 6 dep % 958:958 arg1 to 960:961 to 960:961 to 960:961 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 1 7 theme total 271:275 arg1 yields 283:288 high total sugar yields 266:288 high total sugar yields 266:288 Currently, various chemical-mechanical treatments were widely used in biofuel production to achieve high total sugar yields. 27960125 0 8 theme monomeric 95:103 arg1 production 126:135 monomeric sugars and chemicals production 95:135 monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment 95:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 7 9 theme 65 956:957 arg1 % 958:958 % 958:958 % 958:958 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 0 10 from treatment 155:163 arg1 kinetics 83:90 kinetics 83:90 kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment 83:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 5 11 theme monomeric 690:698 arg1 production 707:716 monomeric sugars production 690:716 monomeric sugars production 690:716 It was found that the ultrastructural changes accelerate monomeric sugars production without influencing the yield of sugar degradation products. 27960125 6 12 theme treatment 806:814 arg1 time 816:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time 779:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time 779:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time was substantially decreased from 120min to 40min as the cellulose crystallinity decreased. 27960125 4 13 theme crystallinity 575:587 arg1 index 589:593 a crystallinity index 573:593 a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively 573:630 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders resulted in a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively. 27960125 5 14 theme sugars 700:705 arg1 production 707:716 monomeric sugars production 690:716 monomeric sugars production 690:716 It was found that the ultrastructural changes accelerate monomeric sugars production without influencing the yield of sugar degradation products. 27960125 6 15 theme bisulfite 796:804 arg1 time 816:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time 779:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time 779:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time was substantially decreased from 120min to 40min as the cellulose crystallinity decreased. 27960125 3 16 theme ultrastructural 426:440 arg1 changes 442:448 ultrastructural changes 426:448 ultrastructural changes for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 426:512 In this study, we employed a ball milling process to create ultrastructural changes for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders. 27960125 0 17 theme sugars 105:110 arg1 production 126:135 monomeric sugars and chemicals production 95:135 monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment 95:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 6 18 theme acid 791:794 arg1 time 816:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time 779:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time 779:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time was substantially decreased from 120min to 40min as the cellulose crystallinity decreased. 27960125 1 19 theme various 177:183 arg1 treatments 205:214 various chemical-mechanical treatments 177:214 various chemical-mechanical treatments 177:214 Currently, various chemical-mechanical treatments were widely used in biofuel production to achieve high total sugar yields. 27960125 6 20 theme cellulose 877:885 arg1 crystallinity 887:899 the cellulose crystallinity 873:899 the cellulose crystallinity 873:899 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time was substantially decreased from 120min to 40min as the cellulose crystallinity decreased. 27960125 6 21 theme optimal 783:789 arg1 time 816:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time 779:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time 779:819 The optimal acid bisulfite treatment time was substantially decreased from 120min to 40min as the cellulose crystallinity decreased. 27960125 7 22 theme crystallinity 1026:1038 arg1 decrease 1000:1007 a decrease 998:1007 a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity 998:1038 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 1 23 theme chemical-mechanical 185:203 arg1 treatments 205:214 various chemical-mechanical treatments 177:214 various chemical-mechanical treatments 177:214 Currently, various chemical-mechanical treatments were widely used in biofuel production to achieve high total sugar yields. 27960125 3 24 theme ball 395:398 arg1 process 408:414 a ball milling process 393:414 a ball milling process 393:414 In this study, we employed a ball milling process to create ultrastructural changes for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders. 27960125 4 25 theme wood 548:551 arg1 powders 553:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders resulted in a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively. 27960125 4 26 theme milled 541:546 arg1 powders 553:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders resulted in a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively. 27960125 0 27 theme production 126:135 arg1 kinetics 83:90 kinetics 83:90 kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment 83:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 3 28 theme menziesii 479:487 arg1 powders 506:512 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 454:512 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 454:512 In this study, we employed a ball milling process to create ultrastructural changes for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders. 27960125 7 29 theme linear 977:982 arg1 relation 984:991 a linear relation 975:991 a linear relation 975:991 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 0 30 theme chemicals 116:124 arg1 production 126:135 monomeric sugars and chemicals production 95:135 monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment 95:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 0 31 from kinetics 83:90 arg1 treatment 155:163 acid bisulfite treatment 140:163 acid bisulfite treatment 140:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 0 32 theme ultrastructural 30:44 arg1 changes 46:52 wood ultrastructural changes 25:52 wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment 25:78 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 0 33 theme acid 140:143 arg1 treatment 155:163 acid bisulfite treatment 140:163 acid bisulfite treatment 140:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 0 34 theme wood 25:28 arg1 changes 46:52 wood ultrastructural changes 25:52 wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment 25:78 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 0 35 from treatment 70:78 arg1 effect 15:20 the effect 11:20 the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment 11:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 0 35 from treatment 70:78 arg1 changes 46:52 wood ultrastructural changes 25:52 wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment 25:78 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 1 36 used used 228:231 arg2 treatments 205:214 various chemical-mechanical treatments 177:214 various chemical-mechanical treatments 177:214 Currently, various chemical-mechanical treatments were widely used in biofuel production to achieve high total sugar yields. 27960125 3 37 theme Pseudotsuga 467:477 arg1 powders 506:512 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 454:512 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 454:512 In this study, we employed a ball milling process to create ultrastructural changes for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders. 27960125 3 38 theme milling 400:406 arg1 process 408:414 a ball milling process 393:414 a ball milling process 393:414 In this study, we employed a ball milling process to create ultrastructural changes for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders. 27960125 7 39 theme cellulose 1016:1024 arg1 crystallinity 1026:1038 the cellulose crystallinity 1012:1038 the cellulose crystallinity 1012:1038 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 0 40 theme mechanical 59:68 arg1 treatment 70:78 mechanical treatment 59:78 mechanical treatment 59:78 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 0 41 theme changes 46:52 arg1 effect 15:20 the effect 11:20 the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment 11:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 4 42 theme ball 536:539 arg1 powders 553:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders resulted in a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively. 27960125 0 43 theme bisulfite 145:153 arg1 treatment 155:163 acid bisulfite treatment 140:163 acid bisulfite treatment 140:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 7 44 theme total 923:927 arg1 yield 935:939 total sugar yield 923:939 total sugar yield 923:939 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 7 44 theme total 923:927 arg1 Meanwhile 912:920 Meanwhile 912:920 Meanwhile 912:920 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 4 45 theme 60min 530:534 arg1 powders 553:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders resulted in a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively. 27960125 5 46 theme ultrastructural 655:669 arg1 changes 671:677 the ultrastructural changes 651:677 the ultrastructural changes 651:677 It was found that the ultrastructural changes accelerate monomeric sugars production without influencing the yield of sugar degradation products. 27960125 5 47 theme sugar 751:755 arg1 products 769:776 sugar degradation products 751:776 sugar degradation products 751:776 It was found that the ultrastructural changes accelerate monomeric sugars production without influencing the yield of sugar degradation products. 27960125 3 48 theme micronized 490:499 arg1 powders 506:512 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 454:512 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 454:512 In this study, we employed a ball milling process to create ultrastructural changes for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders. 27960125 7 49 theme sugar 929:933 arg1 yield 935:939 total sugar yield 923:939 total sugar yield 923:939 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 7 49 theme sugar 929:933 arg1 Meanwhile 912:920 Meanwhile 912:920 Meanwhile 912:920 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 1 50 theme biofuel 236:242 arg1 production 244:253 biofuel production 236:253 biofuel production 236:253 Currently, various chemical-mechanical treatments were widely used in biofuel production to achieve high total sugar yields. 27960125 3 51 theme wood 501:504 arg1 powders 506:512 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 454:512 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 454:512 In this study, we employed a ball milling process to create ultrastructural changes for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders. 27960125 7 52 contain had 971:973 arg1 yield 935:939 total sugar yield 923:939 total sugar yield 923:939 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 7 52 contain had 971:973 arg2 relation 984:991 a linear relation 975:991 a linear relation 975:991 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 7 52 contain had 971:973 arg1 Meanwhile 912:920 Meanwhile 912:920 Meanwhile 912:920 Meanwhile, total sugar yield increased from 65% to 92% and had a linear relation with a decrease of the cellulose crystallinity. 27960125 4 53 theme 0.10 614:617 arg1 index 589:593 a crystallinity index 573:593 a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively 573:630 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders resulted in a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively. 27960125 4 54 theme 0.21 604:607 arg1 index 589:593 a crystallinity index 573:593 a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively 573:630 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders resulted in a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively. 27960125 3 55 theme Douglas-fir 454:464 arg1 powders 506:512 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 454:512 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders 454:512 In this study, we employed a ball milling process to create ultrastructural changes for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) micronized wood powders. 27960125 0 56 from production 126:135 arg1 treatment 155:163 acid bisulfite treatment 140:163 acid bisulfite treatment 140:163 Evaluating the effect of wood ultrastructural changes from mechanical treatment on kinetics of monomeric sugars and chemicals production in acid bisulfite treatment. 27960125 1 57 theme sugar 277:281 arg1 yields 283:288 high total sugar yields 266:288 high total sugar yields 266:288 Currently, various chemical-mechanical treatments were widely used in biofuel production to achieve high total sugar yields. 27960125 4 58 theme 0 519:519 arg1 powders 553:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders 515:559 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders resulted in a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively. 27960125 4 59 theme 0.41 598:601 arg1 index 589:593 a crystallinity index 573:593 a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively 573:630 The 0, 30, and 60min ball milled wood powders resulted in a crystallinity index of 0.41, 0.21, and 0.10 respectively. 27449745 6 0 theme fine 1150:1153 arg1 particles 1155:1163 fine particles 1150:1163 fine particles 1150:1163 Nevertheless, the aerodynamic assessment of fine particles suggested that the developed formulation well fit with a low-resistance DPI. 27449745 9 1 theme bronchoalveolar 1745:1759 arg1 lavage 1761:1766 bronchoalveolar lavage 1745:1766 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 1745:1772 In vivo results clearly demonstrated that, when formulated as dry powder, 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were significantly higher and sustained over time as compared to those obtained with the 5-FC solution. 27449745 10 2 theme 5-FC 1917:1920 arg1 amount 1922:1927 the same 5-FC amount 1908:1927 the same 5-FC amount 1908:1927 Of note, when the same 5-FC amount was administered intravenously, no significant drug amount was found in the lung at each time point from the injection. 27449745 12 3 theme side 2332:2335 arg1 effects 2337:2343 the well-known side effects 2317:2343 the well-known side effects associated to the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans 2317:2411 Taken together, our data demonstrate the feasibility to deliver 5-FC by the pulmonary route likely avoiding/reducing the well-known side effects associated to the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans. 27449745 1 4 theme infections 265:274 arg1 treatment 245:253 the systemic treatment 232:253 the systemic treatment of fungal infections 232:274 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 7 5 theme CF 1468:1469 arg1 viability 1424:1432 the viability 1420:1432 the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells 1420:1513 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 12 6 theme high 2363:2366 arg1 doses 2382:2386 the high systemic 5-FC doses 2359:2386 the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans 2359:2411 Taken together, our data demonstrate the feasibility to deliver 5-FC by the pulmonary route likely avoiding/reducing the well-known side effects associated to the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans. 27449745 7 7 theme Candida 1289:1295 arg1 albicans 1297:1304 the fungus Candida albicans 1278:1304 the fungus Candida albicans 1278:1304 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 7 8 theme bronchial 1488:1496 arg1 cells 1509:1513 human bronchial epithelial cells 1482:1513 human bronchial epithelial cells 1482:1513 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 1 9 theme fluorinated 176:186 arg1 analogue 188:195 a fluorinated analogue 174:195 a fluorinated analogue 174:195 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 1 9 theme fluorinated 176:186 arg1 Flucytosine 134:144 Flucytosine 134:144 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) 134:169 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 4 10 theme lung 908:911 arg1 fluids 913:918 simulated lung fluids 898:918 simulated lung fluids 898:918 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 9 11 theme lavage 1761:1766 arg1 fluid 1768:1772 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 1745:1772 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 1745:1772 In vivo results clearly demonstrated that, when formulated as dry powder, 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were significantly higher and sustained over time as compared to those obtained with the 5-FC solution. 27449745 4 12 theme Powder 685:690 arg1 composition 692:702 Powder composition 685:702 Powder composition 685:702 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 5 13 theme optimized 925:933 arg1 powder 952:957 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder 921:957 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) 921:986 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 9 14 theme 5-FC 1725:1728 arg1 levels 1730:1735 5-FC levels 1725:1735 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue 1725:1788 In vivo results clearly demonstrated that, when formulated as dry powder, 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were significantly higher and sustained over time as compared to those obtained with the 5-FC solution. 27449745 7 15 theme wild 1442:1445 arg1 type 1447:1450 wild type 1442:1450 wild type (16HBE14o-) 1442:1462 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 10 16 theme drug 1976:1979 arg1 amount 1981:1986 no significant drug amount 1961:1986 no significant drug amount 1961:1986 Of note, when the same 5-FC amount was administered intravenously, no significant drug amount was found in the lung at each time point from the injection. 27449745 2 17 theme infections 551:560 arg1 treatment 533:541 the local treatment 523:541 the local treatment of lung infections 523:560 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 18 theme fibrosis 596:603 arg1 patients 610:617 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 589:617 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 589:617 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 19 from 5-FC 515:518 arg1 treatment 533:541 the local treatment 523:541 the local treatment of lung infections 523:560 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 5 20 theme CF 1093:1094 arg1 patients 1096:1103 CF patients 1093:1103 CF patients 1093:1103 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 10 21 located found 1992:1996 arg2 amount 1981:1986 no significant drug amount 1961:1986 no significant drug amount 1961:1986 Of note, when the same 5-FC amount was administered intravenously, no significant drug amount was found in the lung at each time point from the injection. 27449745 10 21 located found 1992:1996 arg1 point 2023:2027 each time point 2013:2027 each time point from the injection 2013:2046 Of note, when the same 5-FC amount was administered intravenously, no significant drug amount was found in the lung at each time point from the injection. 27449745 10 21 located found 1992:1996 arg1 lung 2005:2008 the lung 2001:2008 the lung 2001:2008 Of note, when the same 5-FC amount was administered intravenously, no significant drug amount was found in the lung at each time point from the injection. 27449745 5 22 theme HyaMan_FC 975:983 arg1 inhalation 963:972 inhalation 963:972 inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) 963:986 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 5 22 theme HyaMan_FC 975:983 arg1 # 984:984 HyaMan_FC#3 975:985 HyaMan_FC#3 975:985 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 11 23 theme lung 2067:2070 arg1 concentration 2072:2084 a 5-FC lung concentration 2060:2084 a 5-FC lung concentration similar to that obtained by using HyaMan_FC#3 2060:2130 To realize a 5-FC lung concentration similar to that obtained by using HyaMan_FC#3, a 6-fold higher dose of 5-FC should be administered intravenously. 27449745 12 24 theme pulmonary 2276:2284 arg1 route 2286:2290 the pulmonary route 2272:2290 the pulmonary route 2272:2290 Taken together, our data demonstrate the feasibility to deliver 5-FC by the pulmonary route likely avoiding/reducing the well-known side effects associated to the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans. 27449745 13 25 theme appropriate 2457:2467 arg1 design 2481:2486 an appropriate formulation design 2454:2486 an appropriate formulation design 2454:2486 Furthermore, our results highlight that an appropriate formulation design can improve the persistence of the drug at lungs, where microorganisms causing severe infections are located. 27449745 9 26 theme lung 1778:1781 arg1 tissue 1783:1788 lung tissue 1778:1788 lung tissue 1778:1788 In vivo results clearly demonstrated that, when formulated as dry powder, 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were significantly higher and sustained over time as compared to those obtained with the 5-FC solution. 27449745 7 27 theme fungus 1282:1287 arg1 albicans 1297:1304 the fungus Candida albicans 1278:1304 the fungus Candida albicans 1278:1304 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 3 28 theme Different 620:628 arg1 powders 634:640 Different dry powders 620:640 Different dry powders 620:640 Different dry powders were produced in one-step by spray-drying. 27449745 7 29 dep type 1447:1450 arg1 cells 1509:1513 human bronchial epithelial cells 1482:1513 human bronchial epithelial cells 1482:1513 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 7 29 dep type 1447:1450 arg1 16HBE14o- 1453:1461 16HBE14o- 1453:1461 16HBE14o- 1453:1461 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 1 30 theme bacterial 361:369 arg1 pathogen 371:378 the bacterial pathogen 357:378 the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 357:401 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 5 31 theme different 1019:1027 arg1 DPI 1067:1069 DPI 1067:1069 DPI 1067:1069 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 5 31 theme different 1019:1027 arg1 inhalers 1057:1064 different breath-activated dry powder inhalers 1019:1064 different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients 1019:1103 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 9 32 from levels 1730:1735 arg1 fluid 1768:1772 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 1745:1772 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 1745:1772 In vivo results clearly demonstrated that, when formulated as dry powder, 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were significantly higher and sustained over time as compared to those obtained with the 5-FC solution. 27449745 9 32 from levels 1730:1735 arg1 tissue 1783:1788 lung tissue 1778:1788 lung tissue 1778:1788 In vivo results clearly demonstrated that, when formulated as dry powder, 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were significantly higher and sustained over time as compared to those obtained with the 5-FC solution. 27449745 2 33 theme local 527:531 arg1 treatment 533:541 the local treatment 523:541 the local treatment of lung infections 523:560 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 8 34 theme # 1554:1554 arg1 powder 1568:1573 HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder 1545:1573 HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder 1545:1573 Finally, pharmacokinetics of HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder and 5-FC solution after intratracheal administration in rats were compared. 27449745 4 35 theme 5-FC/HA/mannitol 799:814 arg1 formulation 816:826 the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation 795:826 the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties 795:868 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 0 36 theme lung 117:120 arg1 infections 122:131 lung infections 117:131 lung infections 117:131 Development of inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite dry powders for flucytosine repositioning in local therapy of lung infections. 27449745 5 37 theme dry 1046:1048 arg1 DPI 1067:1069 DPI 1067:1069 DPI 1067:1069 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 5 37 theme dry 1046:1048 arg1 inhalers 1057:1064 different breath-activated dry powder inhalers 1019:1064 different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients 1019:1103 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 6 38 theme aerodynamic 1124:1134 arg1 assessment 1136:1145 the aerodynamic assessment 1120:1145 the aerodynamic assessment of fine particles 1120:1163 Nevertheless, the aerodynamic assessment of fine particles suggested that the developed formulation well fit with a low-resistance DPI. 27449745 11 39 theme higher 2142:2147 arg1 dose 2149:2152 a 6-fold higher dose 2133:2152 a 6-fold higher dose of 5-FC 2133:2160 To realize a 5-FC lung concentration similar to that obtained by using HyaMan_FC#3, a 6-fold higher dose of 5-FC should be administered intravenously. 27449745 8 40 theme inhalation 1557:1566 arg1 powder 1568:1573 HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder 1545:1573 HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder 1545:1573 Finally, pharmacokinetics of HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder and 5-FC solution after intratracheal administration in rats were compared. 27449745 4 41 theme formulation 756:766 arg1 studies 768:774 depth formulation studies 750:774 depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids 750:918 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 7 42 theme HyaMan_FC 1242:1250 arg1 # 1251:1251 HyaMan_FC#3 1242:1252 HyaMan_FC#3 1242:1252 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 1 43 dep pathogen 371:378 arg1 aeruginosa 392:401 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 380:401 the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 357:401 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 2 44 theme hyaluronic 445:454 arg1 those 573:577 those 573:577 those 573:577 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 44 theme hyaluronic 445:454 arg1 powders 489:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 0 45 theme inhalable 15:23 arg1 composite 45:53 inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite 15:53 inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite 15:53 Development of inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite dry powders for flucytosine repositioning in local therapy of lung infections. 27449745 8 46 theme solution 1584:1591 arg1 pharmacokinetics 1525:1540 pharmacokinetics 1525:1540 pharmacokinetics of HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder and 5-FC solution after intratracheal administration in rats 1525:1634 Finally, pharmacokinetics of HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder and 5-FC solution after intratracheal administration in rats were compared. 27449745 2 47 theme novel 429:433 arg1 those 573:577 those 573:577 those 573:577 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 47 theme novel 429:433 arg1 powders 489:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 0 48 theme composite 45:53 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite 0:53 Development of inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite dry powders for flucytosine repositioning in local therapy of lung infections. 27449745 7 49 theme pyoverdine 1349:1358 arg1 production 1314:1323 the production 1310:1323 the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine 1310:1358 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 7 49 theme pyoverdine 1349:1358 arg1 growth 1268:1273 the growth 1264:1273 the growth of the fungus Candida albicans 1264:1304 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 2 50 theme composite 475:483 arg1 those 573:577 those 573:577 those 573:577 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 50 theme composite 475:483 arg1 powders 489:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 8 51 theme intratracheal 1599:1611 arg1 administration 1613:1626 intratracheal administration 1599:1626 intratracheal administration in rats 1599:1634 Finally, pharmacokinetics of HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder and 5-FC solution after intratracheal administration in rats were compared. 27449745 4 52 theme release 879:885 arg1 profile 887:893 drug release profile 874:893 drug release profile in simulated lung fluids 874:918 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 13 53 theme severe 2567:2572 arg1 infections 2574:2583 severe infections 2567:2583 severe infections 2567:2583 Furthermore, our results highlight that an appropriate formulation design can improve the persistence of the drug at lungs, where microorganisms causing severe infections are located. 27449745 1 54 theme antivirulence 326:338 arg1 activity 340:347 a very promising antivirulence activity 309:347 a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 309:401 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 9 55 theme In 1651:1652 arg1 results 1659:1665 In vivo results 1651:1665 In vivo results 1651:1665 In vivo results clearly demonstrated that, when formulated as dry powder, 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were significantly higher and sustained over time as compared to those obtained with the 5-FC solution. 27449745 6 56 theme developed 1184:1192 arg1 formulation 1194:1204 the developed formulation 1180:1204 the developed formulation 1180:1204 Nevertheless, the aerodynamic assessment of fine particles suggested that the developed formulation well fit with a low-resistance DPI. 27449745 9 57 theme 5-FC 1879:1882 arg1 solution 1884:1891 the 5-FC solution 1875:1891 the 5-FC solution 1875:1891 In vivo results clearly demonstrated that, when formulated as dry powder, 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were significantly higher and sustained over time as compared to those obtained with the 5-FC solution. 27449745 10 58 from injection 2038:2046 arg1 point 2023:2027 each time point 2013:2027 each time point from the injection 2013:2046 Of note, when the same 5-FC amount was administered intravenously, no significant drug amount was found in the lung at each time point from the injection. 27449745 12 59 theme systemic 2368:2375 arg1 doses 2382:2386 the high systemic 5-FC doses 2359:2386 the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans 2359:2411 Taken together, our data demonstrate the feasibility to deliver 5-FC by the pulmonary route likely avoiding/reducing the well-known side effects associated to the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans. 27449745 4 60 theme aerosolization 844:857 arg1 properties 859:868 convenient aerosolization properties 833:868 convenient aerosolization properties 833:868 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 6 61 theme particles 1155:1163 arg1 assessment 1136:1145 the aerodynamic assessment 1120:1145 the aerodynamic assessment of fine particles 1120:1163 Nevertheless, the aerodynamic assessment of fine particles suggested that the developed formulation well fit with a low-resistance DPI. 27449745 13 62 theme drug 2523:2526 arg1 persistence 2504:2514 the persistence 2500:2514 the persistence of the drug at lungs, where microorganisms causing severe infections are located 2500:2595 Furthermore, our results highlight that an appropriate formulation design can improve the persistence of the drug at lungs, where microorganisms causing severe infections are located. 27449745 1 63 theme fungal 258:263 arg1 infections 265:274 fungal infections 258:274 fungal infections 258:274 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 7 64 theme epithelial 1498:1507 arg1 cells 1509:1513 human bronchial epithelial cells 1482:1513 human bronchial epithelial cells 1482:1513 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 11 65 theme HyaMan_FC 2120:2128 arg1 # 2129:2129 HyaMan_FC#3 2120:2130 HyaMan_FC#3 2120:2130 To realize a 5-FC lung concentration similar to that obtained by using HyaMan_FC#3, a 6-fold higher dose of 5-FC should be administered intravenously. 27449745 7 66 theme albicans 1297:1304 arg1 production 1314:1323 the production 1310:1323 the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine 1310:1358 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 7 66 theme albicans 1297:1304 arg1 growth 1268:1273 the growth 1264:1273 the growth of the fungus Candida albicans 1264:1304 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 10 67 theme same 1912:1915 arg1 amount 1922:1927 the same 5-FC amount 1908:1927 the same 5-FC amount 1908:1927 Of note, when the same 5-FC amount was administered intravenously, no significant drug amount was found in the lung at each time point from the injection. 27449745 7 68 theme human 1482:1486 arg1 cells 1509:1513 human bronchial epithelial cells 1482:1513 human bronchial epithelial cells 1482:1513 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 11 69 theme 5-FC 2157:2160 arg1 dose 2149:2152 a 6-fold higher dose 2133:2152 a 6-fold higher dose of 5-FC 2133:2160 To realize a 5-FC lung concentration similar to that obtained by using HyaMan_FC#3, a 6-fold higher dose of 5-FC should be administered intravenously. 27449745 9 70 theme dry 1713:1715 arg1 powder 1717:1722 dry powder 1713:1722 dry powder 1713:1722 In vivo results clearly demonstrated that, when formulated as dry powder, 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were significantly higher and sustained over time as compared to those obtained with the 5-FC solution. 27449745 6 71 theme low-resistance 1222:1235 arg1 DPI 1237:1239 a low-resistance DPI 1220:1239 a low-resistance DPI 1220:1239 Nevertheless, the aerodynamic assessment of fine particles suggested that the developed formulation well fit with a low-resistance DPI. 27449745 9 72 dep In 1651:1652 arg1 vivo 1654:1657 vivo 1654:1657 vivo 1654:1657 In vivo results clearly demonstrated that, when formulated as dry powder, 5-FC levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were significantly higher and sustained over time as compared to those obtained with the 5-FC solution. 27449745 8 73 from administration 1613:1626 arg1 rats 1631:1634 rats 1631:1634 rats 1631:1634 Finally, pharmacokinetics of HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder and 5-FC solution after intratracheal administration in rats were compared. 27449745 4 74 theme simulated 898:906 arg1 fluids 913:918 simulated lung fluids 898:918 simulated lung fluids 898:918 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 13 75 theme formulation 2469:2479 arg1 design 2481:2486 an appropriate formulation design 2454:2486 an appropriate formulation design 2454:2486 Furthermore, our results highlight that an appropriate formulation design can improve the persistence of the drug at lungs, where microorganisms causing severe infections are located. 27449745 1 76 theme cytosine 200:207 arg1 analogue 188:195 a fluorinated analogue 174:195 a fluorinated analogue 174:195 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 1 76 theme cytosine 200:207 arg1 Flucytosine 134:144 Flucytosine 134:144 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) 134:169 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 11 77 theme 5-FC 2062:2065 arg1 concentration 2072:2084 a 5-FC lung concentration 2060:2084 a 5-FC lung concentration similar to that obtained by using HyaMan_FC#3 2060:2130 To realize a 5-FC lung concentration similar to that obtained by using HyaMan_FC#3, a 6-fold higher dose of 5-FC should be administered intravenously. 27449745 12 78 theme well-known 2321:2330 arg1 effects 2337:2343 the well-known side effects 2317:2343 the well-known side effects associated to the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans 2317:2411 Taken together, our data demonstrate the feasibility to deliver 5-FC by the pulmonary route likely avoiding/reducing the well-known side effects associated to the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans. 27449745 7 79 theme type 1447:1450 arg1 viability 1424:1432 the viability 1420:1432 the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells 1420:1513 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 7 80 theme virulence 1332:1340 arg1 factor 1342:1347 the virulence factor 1328:1347 the virulence factor pyoverdine 1328:1358 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 1 81 theme approved 219:226 arg1 cytosine 200:207 cytosine 200:207 cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections 200:274 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 13 82 from lungs 2531:2535 arg1 persistence 2504:2514 the persistence 2500:2514 the persistence of the drug at lungs, where microorganisms causing severe infections are located 2500:2595 Furthermore, our results highlight that an appropriate formulation design can improve the persistence of the drug at lungs, where microorganisms causing severe infections are located. 27449745 2 83 theme lung 546:549 arg1 infections 551:560 lung infections 546:560 lung infections 546:560 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 84 theme cystic 589:594 arg1 CF 606:607 CF 606:607 CF 606:607 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 84 theme cystic 589:594 arg1 fibrosis 596:603 cystic fibrosis 589:603 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients 589:617 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 3 85 theme dry 630:632 arg1 powders 634:640 Different dry powders 620:640 Different dry powders 620:640 Different dry powders were produced in one-step by spray-drying. 27449745 10 86 theme time 2018:2021 arg1 point 2023:2027 each time point 2013:2027 each time point from the injection 2013:2046 Of note, when the same 5-FC amount was administered intravenously, no significant drug amount was found in the lung at each time point from the injection. 27449745 5 87 theme 5-FC/HA/mannitol 935:950 arg1 powder 952:957 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder 921:957 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) 921:986 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 0 88 theme local 100:104 arg1 therapy 106:112 local therapy 100:112 local therapy of lung infections 100:131 Development of inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite dry powders for flucytosine repositioning in local therapy of lung infections. 27449745 4 89 from formulation 816:826 arg1 fluids 913:918 simulated lung fluids 898:918 simulated lung fluids 898:918 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 8 90 theme HyaMan_FC 1545:1553 arg1 # 1554:1554 HyaMan_FC#3 1545:1555 HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder 1545:1573 Finally, pharmacokinetics of HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder and 5-FC solution after intratracheal administration in rats were compared. 27449745 4 91 theme process 708:714 arg1 conditions 716:725 process conditions 708:725 process conditions 708:725 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 4 92 with profile 887:893 arg1 properties 859:868 convenient aerosolization properties 833:868 convenient aerosolization properties 833:868 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 10 93 theme significant 1964:1974 arg1 amount 1981:1986 no significant drug amount 1961:1986 no significant drug amount 1961:1986 Of note, when the same 5-FC amount was administered intravenously, no significant drug amount was found in the lung at each time point from the injection. 27449745 4 94 with formulation 816:826 arg1 properties 859:868 convenient aerosolization properties 833:868 convenient aerosolization properties 833:868 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 0 95 theme infections 122:131 arg1 therapy 106:112 local therapy 100:112 local therapy of lung infections 100:131 Development of inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite dry powders for flucytosine repositioning in local therapy of lung infections. 27449745 5 96 theme breath-activated 1029:1044 arg1 DPI 1067:1069 DPI 1067:1069 DPI 1067:1069 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 5 96 theme breath-activated 1029:1044 arg1 inhalers 1057:1064 different breath-activated dry powder inhalers 1019:1064 different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients 1019:1103 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 7 97 theme 5-FC 1380:1383 arg1 concentrations 1385:1398 5-FC concentrations 1380:1398 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells 1380:1513 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 8 98 theme powder 1568:1573 arg1 pharmacokinetics 1525:1540 pharmacokinetics 1525:1540 pharmacokinetics of HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder and 5-FC solution after intratracheal administration in rats 1525:1634 Finally, pharmacokinetics of HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder and 5-FC solution after intratracheal administration in rats were compared. 27449745 1 99 dep Flucytosine 134:144 arg1 5-FC 165:168 5-FC 165:168 5-FC 165:168 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 1 99 dep Flucytosine 134:144 arg1 5-fluorocytosine 147:162 5-fluorocytosine 147:162 5-fluorocytosine 147:162 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 4 100 from profile 887:893 arg1 fluids 913:918 simulated lung fluids 898:918 simulated lung fluids 898:918 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 2 101 theme HA 462:463 arg1 those 573:577 those 573:577 those 573:577 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 101 theme HA 462:463 arg1 powders 489:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 8 102 theme 5-FC 1579:1582 arg1 solution 1584:1591 5-FC solution 1579:1591 5-FC solution 1579:1591 Finally, pharmacokinetics of HyaMan_FC#3 inhalation powder and 5-FC solution after intratracheal administration in rats were compared. 27449745 4 103 theme depth 750:754 arg1 studies 768:774 depth formulation studies 750:774 depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids 750:918 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 0 104 theme hyaluronan/mannitol 25:43 arg1 composite 45:53 inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite 15:53 inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite 15:53 Development of inhalable hyaluronan/mannitol composite dry powders for flucytosine repositioning in local therapy of lung infections. 27449745 2 105 theme acid 456:459 arg1 those 573:577 those 573:577 those 573:577 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 105 theme acid 456:459 arg1 powders 489:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 106 theme inhalable 435:443 arg1 those 573:577 those 573:577 those 573:577 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 106 theme inhalable 435:443 arg1 powders 489:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 7 107 theme factor 1342:1347 arg1 pyoverdine 1349:1358 the virulence factor pyoverdine 1328:1358 the virulence factor pyoverdine 1328:1358 HyaMan_FC#3 inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the production of the virulence factor pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa at 5-FC concentrations that did not affect the viability of both wild type (16HBE14o-) and CF (CFBE41o-) human bronchial epithelial cells. 27449745 2 108 theme dry 485:487 arg1 those 573:577 those 573:577 those 573:577 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 108 theme dry 485:487 arg1 powders 489:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 1 109 theme promising 316:324 arg1 activity 340:347 a very promising antivirulence activity 309:347 a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 309:401 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 5 110 theme available 1080:1088 arg1 DPI 1067:1069 DPI 1067:1069 DPI 1067:1069 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 5 110 theme available 1080:1088 arg1 inhalers 1057:1064 different breath-activated dry powder inhalers 1019:1064 different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients 1019:1103 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 2 111 theme /mannitol 465:473 arg1 those 573:577 those 573:577 those 573:577 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 2 111 theme /mannitol 465:473 arg1 powders 489:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders 429:495 In this work, we propose novel inhalable hyaluronic acid (HA)/mannitol composite dry powders for repositioning 5-FC in the local treatment of lung infections, including those affecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. 27449745 11 112 theme similar 2086:2092 arg1 concentration 2072:2084 a 5-FC lung concentration 2060:2084 a 5-FC lung concentration similar to that obtained by using HyaMan_FC#3 2060:2130 To realize a 5-FC lung concentration similar to that obtained by using HyaMan_FC#3, a 6-fold higher dose of 5-FC should be administered intravenously. 27449745 4 113 theme drug 874:877 arg1 profile 887:893 drug release profile 874:893 drug release profile in simulated lung fluids 874:918 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 27449745 5 114 theme powder 1050:1055 arg1 DPI 1067:1069 DPI 1067:1069 DPI 1067:1069 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 5 114 theme powder 1050:1055 arg1 inhalers 1057:1064 different breath-activated dry powder inhalers 1019:1064 different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients 1019:1103 The optimized 5-FC/HA/mannitol powder for inhalation (HyaMan_FC#3) was effectively delivered from different breath-activated dry powder inhalers (DPI) already available to CF patients. 27449745 12 115 theme 5-FC 2377:2380 arg1 doses 2382:2386 the high systemic 5-FC doses 2359:2386 the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans 2359:2411 Taken together, our data demonstrate the feasibility to deliver 5-FC by the pulmonary route likely avoiding/reducing the well-known side effects associated to the high systemic 5-FC doses currently used in humans. 27449745 1 116 theme systemic 236:243 arg1 treatment 245:253 the systemic treatment 232:253 the systemic treatment of fungal infections 232:274 Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) is a fluorinated analogue of cytosine currently approved for the systemic treatment of fungal infections, which has recently demonstrated a very promising antivirulence activity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 27449745 4 117 theme convenient 833:842 arg1 properties 859:868 convenient aerosolization properties 833:868 convenient aerosolization properties 833:868 Powder composition and process conditions were selected after in depth formulation studies aimed at selecting the 5-FC/HA/mannitol formulation with convenient aerosolization properties and drug release profile in simulated lung fluids. 25358069 4 0 theme mature 528:533 arg1 stems 535:539 mature stems 528:539 mature stems 528:539 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 3 1 dep Fourier 421:427 arg1 transform 429:437 transform 429:437 transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy 429:472 Such a performance can be fulfilled by Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy. 25358069 7 2 theme ferulic 956:962 arg1 acids 969:973 ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids 923:973 acids 969:973 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 2 theme ferulic 956:962 arg1 FA 965:966 FA 965:966 FA 965:966 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 3 theme polysaccharides 881:895 arg1 composition 856:866 the composition 852:866 the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, 852:974 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 9 4 theme walls 1294:1298 arg1 CA 1277:1278 ester-linked CA 1264:1278 ester-linked CA of maize cell walls 1264:1298 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 9 5 theme S 1210:1210 arg1 frequency 1197:1205 the frequency 1193:1205 the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers 1193:1241 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 5 6 theme standards 679:687 arg1 standards 679:687 purified maize lignin standards 657:687 purified maize lignin standards 657:687 Lignin fractions were isolated by mild acidolysis to obtain a set of purified maize lignin standards. 25358069 5 6 theme standards 679:687 arg1 set 650:652 a set 648:652 a set of purified maize lignin standards 648:687 Lignin fractions were isolated by mild acidolysis to obtain a set of purified maize lignin standards. 25358069 9 7 theme resulting 1105:1113 arg1 models 1115:1120 The resulting models 1101:1120 The resulting models 1101:1120 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 1 8 theme grass 198:202 arg1 lignocelluloses 204:218 grass lignocelluloses 198:218 grass lignocelluloses 198:218 Lignins and their cross-linking to hemicelluloses detrimentally affect the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion of grass lignocelluloses. 25358069 5 9 theme lignin 672:677 arg1 standards 679:687 purified maize lignin standards 657:687 purified maize lignin standards 657:687 Lignin fractions were isolated by mild acidolysis to obtain a set of purified maize lignin standards. 25358069 8 10 theme walls 1094:1098 arg1 data 1081:1084 infrared and chemical data 1059:1084 infrared and chemical data of cell walls 1059:1098 Partial least square (PLS) analyses were applied to infrared and chemical data of cell walls. 25358069 7 11 theme amount 913:918 arg1 composition 856:866 the composition 852:866 the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, 852:974 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 4 12 from stems 535:539 arg1 walls 517:521 maize cell walls 506:521 maize cell walls from mature stems 506:539 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 4 12 from stems 535:539 arg1 set 499:501 a set 497:501 a set of maize cell walls from mature stems 497:539 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 6 13 theme thioacidolysis 798:811 arg1 monomers 813:820 thioacidolysis monomers 798:820 thioacidolysis monomers 798:820 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 7 14 theme cell 871:874 arg1 polysaccharides 881:895 cell wall polysaccharides 871:895 cell wall polysaccharides 871:895 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 8 15 theme cell 1089:1092 arg1 walls 1094:1098 cell walls 1089:1098 cell walls 1089:1098 Partial least square (PLS) analyses were applied to infrared and chemical data of cell walls. 25358069 4 16 theme cell 512:515 arg1 walls 517:521 maize cell walls 506:521 maize cell walls from mature stems 506:539 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 6 17 link lignin-derived 731:744 arg1 H 763:763 H 763:763 H 763:763 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 6 17 link lignin-derived 731:744 arg1 p-hydroxyphenyl 746:760 lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl 731:760 lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H) 731:764 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 7 18 theme p-coumaric 936:945 arg1 FA 965:966 FA 965:966 FA 965:966 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 18 theme p-coumaric 936:945 arg1 p-coumaric 936:945 p-coumaric 936:945 p-coumaric 936:945 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 18 theme p-coumaric 936:945 arg1 CA 948:949 CA 948:949 CA 948:949 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 18 theme p-coumaric 936:945 arg1 acids 969:973 ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids 923:973 acids 969:973 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 18 theme p-coumaric 936:945 arg1 polysaccharides 881:895 cell wall polysaccharides 871:895 cell wall polysaccharides 871:895 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 18 theme p-coumaric 936:945 arg1 amount 913:918 the amount 909:918 the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids 909:973 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 2 19 theme calls 332:336 arg1 steps 311:315 the various steps 299:315 the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique 299:379 Screening appropriate grass cell walls and their compositional changes during the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique. 25358069 6 20 theme p-hydroxyphenyl 746:760 arg1 content 701:707 The lignin content 690:707 The lignin content 690:707 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 6 20 theme p-hydroxyphenyl 746:760 arg1 percentage 717:726 the percentage 713:726 the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers 713:820 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 10 21 theme regression 1323:1332 arg1 coefficients 1334:1345 regression coefficients 1323:1345 regression coefficients 1323:1345 The loading plots and regression coefficients revealed relevant infrared absorption bands. 25358069 4 22 theme maize 506:510 arg1 walls 517:521 maize cell walls 506:521 maize cell walls from mature stems 506:539 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 8 23 theme Partial 1007:1013 arg1 analyses 1034:1041 Partial least square (PLS) analyses 1007:1041 Partial least square (PLS) analyses 1007:1041 Partial least square (PLS) analyses were applied to infrared and chemical data of cell walls. 25358069 2 24 theme process 324:330 arg1 calls 332:336 the process calls 320:336 the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique 320:379 Screening appropriate grass cell walls and their compositional changes during the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique. 25358069 6 25 theme lignin-derived 731:744 arg1 H 763:763 H 763:763 H 763:763 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 6 25 theme lignin-derived 731:744 arg1 p-hydroxyphenyl 746:760 lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl 731:760 lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H) 731:764 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 1 26 theme lignocelluloses 204:218 arg1 conversion 184:193 the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion 159:193 the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion of grass lignocelluloses 159:218 Lignins and their cross-linking to hemicelluloses detrimentally affect the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion of grass lignocelluloses. 25358069 10 27 theme relevant 1356:1363 arg1 bands 1385:1389 relevant infrared absorption bands 1356:1389 relevant infrared absorption bands 1356:1389 The loading plots and regression coefficients revealed relevant infrared absorption bands. 25358069 9 28 theme predictive 1136:1145 arg1 ability 1147:1153 a good predictive ability 1129:1153 a good predictive ability 1129:1153 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 9 29 theme good 1131:1134 arg1 ability 1147:1153 a good predictive ability 1129:1153 a good predictive ability 1129:1153 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 0 30 theme lignin 14:19 arg1 features 25:32 lignin key features 14:32 lignin key features 14:32 Investigating lignin key features in maize lignocelluloses using infrared spectroscopy. 25358069 4 31 theme walls 517:521 arg1 walls 517:521 maize cell walls 506:521 maize cell walls from mature stems 506:539 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 4 31 theme walls 517:521 arg1 set 499:501 a set 497:501 a set of maize cell walls from mature stems 497:539 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 5 32 theme purified 657:664 arg1 standards 679:687 purified maize lignin standards 657:687 purified maize lignin standards 657:687 Lignin fractions were isolated by mild acidolysis to obtain a set of purified maize lignin standards. 25358069 6 33 theme syringyl 785:792 arg1 content 701:707 The lignin content 690:707 The lignin content 690:707 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 6 33 theme syringyl 785:792 arg1 percentage 717:726 the percentage 713:726 the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers 713:820 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 9 34 theme G 1216:1216 arg1 monomers 1234:1241 S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers 1210:1241 monomers 1234:1241 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 9 35 theme thioacidolysis 1219:1232 arg1 monomers 1234:1241 S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers 1210:1241 monomers 1234:1241 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 9 36 theme monomers 1234:1241 arg1 frequency 1197:1205 the frequency 1193:1205 the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers 1193:1241 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 4 37 theme present 482:488 arg1 paper 490:494 the present paper 478:494 the present paper 478:494 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 6 38 dep p-hydroxyphenyl 746:760 arg1 monomers 813:820 thioacidolysis monomers 798:820 thioacidolysis monomers 798:820 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 2 39 theme analytical 360:369 arg1 technique 371:379 a high-throughput analytical technique 342:379 a high-throughput analytical technique 342:379 Screening appropriate grass cell walls and their compositional changes during the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique. 25358069 9 40 theme cell 1289:1292 arg1 walls 1294:1298 maize cell walls 1283:1298 maize cell walls 1283:1298 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 5 41 theme mild 622:625 arg1 acidolysis 627:636 mild acidolysis 622:636 mild acidolysis 622:636 Lignin fractions were isolated by mild acidolysis to obtain a set of purified maize lignin standards. 25358069 2 42 theme high-throughput 344:358 arg1 technique 371:379 a high-throughput analytical technique 342:379 a high-throughput analytical technique 342:379 Screening appropriate grass cell walls and their compositional changes during the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique. 25358069 0 43 theme key 21:23 arg1 features 25:32 lignin key features 14:32 lignin key features 14:32 Investigating lignin key features in maize lignocelluloses using infrared spectroscopy. 25358069 4 44 from set 499:501 arg1 stems 535:539 mature stems 528:539 mature stems 528:539 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 2 45 theme appropriate 231:241 arg1 walls 254:258 appropriate grass cell walls 231:258 appropriate grass cell walls 231:258 Screening appropriate grass cell walls and their compositional changes during the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique. 25358069 0 46 theme maize 37:41 arg1 lignocelluloses 43:57 maize lignocelluloses 37:57 maize lignocelluloses using infrared spectroscopy 37:85 Investigating lignin key features in maize lignocelluloses using infrared spectroscopy. 25358069 6 47 theme lignin 694:699 arg1 content 701:707 The lignin content 690:707 The lignin content 690:707 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 9 48 theme ester-linked 1264:1275 arg1 CA 1277:1278 ester-linked CA 1264:1278 ester-linked CA of maize cell walls 1264:1298 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 3 49 theme FT-MIR 453:458 arg1 spectroscopy 461:472 mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy 439:472 mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy 439:472 Such a performance can be fulfilled by Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy. 25358069 7 50 theme wet 992:994 arg1 chemistry 996:1004 wet chemistry 992:1004 wet chemistry 992:1004 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 9 51 theme lignin 1174:1179 arg1 content 1181:1187 the lignin content 1170:1187 the lignin content 1170:1187 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 2 52 theme compositional 270:282 arg1 changes 284:290 their compositional changes 264:290 their compositional changes 264:290 Screening appropriate grass cell walls and their compositional changes during the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique. 25358069 9 53 link ester-linked 1264:1275 arg1 CA 1277:1278 ester-linked CA 1264:1278 ester-linked CA of maize cell walls 1264:1298 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 4 54 theme midrib 572:577 arg1 samples 579:585 brown midrib samples 566:585 brown midrib samples 566:585 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 10 55 theme infrared 1365:1372 arg1 bands 1385:1389 relevant infrared absorption bands 1356:1389 relevant infrared absorption bands 1356:1389 The loading plots and regression coefficients revealed relevant infrared absorption bands. 25358069 5 56 theme Lignin 588:593 arg1 fractions 595:603 Lignin fractions 588:603 Lignin fractions 588:603 Lignin fractions were isolated by mild acidolysis to obtain a set of purified maize lignin standards. 25358069 5 57 theme maize 666:670 arg1 standards 679:687 purified maize lignin standards 657:687 purified maize lignin standards 657:687 Lignin fractions were isolated by mild acidolysis to obtain a set of purified maize lignin standards. 25358069 4 58 theme brown 566:570 arg1 samples 579:585 brown midrib samples 566:585 brown midrib samples 566:585 In the present paper, a set of maize cell walls from mature stems were selected, including brown midrib samples. 25358069 8 59 theme infrared 1059:1066 arg1 data 1081:1084 infrared and chemical data 1059:1084 infrared and chemical data of cell walls 1059:1098 Partial least square (PLS) analyses were applied to infrared and chemical data of cell walls. 25358069 10 60 theme loading 1305:1311 arg1 plots 1313:1317 The loading plots 1301:1317 The loading plots 1301:1317 The loading plots and regression coefficients revealed relevant infrared absorption bands. 25358069 6 61 theme guaiacyl 767:774 arg1 content 701:707 The lignin content 690:707 The lignin content 690:707 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 6 61 theme guaiacyl 767:774 arg1 percentage 717:726 the percentage 713:726 the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers 713:820 The lignin content and the percentage of lignin-derived p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) thioacidolysis monomers were determined. 25358069 9 62 theme CA 1277:1278 arg1 level 1255:1259 the level 1251:1259 the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls 1251:1298 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 7 63 theme acids 969:973 arg1 FA 965:966 FA 965:966 FA 965:966 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 63 theme acids 969:973 arg1 p-coumaric 936:945 p-coumaric 936:945 p-coumaric 936:945 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 63 theme acids 969:973 arg1 CA 948:949 CA 948:949 CA 948:949 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 63 theme acids 969:973 arg1 acids 969:973 ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids 923:973 acids 969:973 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 63 theme acids 969:973 arg1 polysaccharides 881:895 cell wall polysaccharides 871:895 cell wall polysaccharides 871:895 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 63 theme acids 969:973 arg1 amount 913:918 the amount 909:918 the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids 909:973 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 2 64 theme cell 249:252 arg1 walls 254:258 appropriate grass cell walls 231:258 appropriate grass cell walls 231:258 Screening appropriate grass cell walls and their compositional changes during the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique. 25358069 10 65 theme absorption 1374:1383 arg1 bands 1385:1389 relevant infrared absorption bands 1356:1389 relevant infrared absorption bands 1356:1389 The loading plots and regression coefficients revealed relevant infrared absorption bands. 25358069 8 66 theme least 1015:1019 arg1 PLS 1029:1031 PLS 1029:1031 PLS 1029:1031 Partial least square (PLS) analyses were applied to infrared and chemical data of cell walls. 25358069 8 66 theme least 1015:1019 arg1 square 1021:1026 least square 1015:1026 Partial least square (PLS) analyses 1007:1041 Partial least square (PLS) analyses were applied to infrared and chemical data of cell walls. 25358069 8 67 theme chemical 1072:1079 arg1 data 1081:1084 infrared and chemical data 1059:1084 infrared and chemical data of cell walls 1059:1098 Partial least square (PLS) analyses were applied to infrared and chemical data of cell walls. 25358069 2 68 theme grass 243:247 arg1 walls 254:258 appropriate grass cell walls 231:258 appropriate grass cell walls 231:258 Screening appropriate grass cell walls and their compositional changes during the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique. 25358069 2 69 theme various 303:309 arg1 steps 311:315 the various steps 299:315 the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique 299:379 Screening appropriate grass cell walls and their compositional changes during the various steps of the process calls for a high-throughput analytical technique. 25358069 1 70 theme cellulose-to-ethanol 163:182 arg1 conversion 184:193 the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion 159:193 the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion of grass lignocelluloses 159:218 Lignins and their cross-linking to hemicelluloses detrimentally affect the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion of grass lignocelluloses. 25358069 9 71 theme maize 1283:1287 arg1 walls 1294:1298 maize cell walls 1283:1298 maize cell walls 1283:1298 The resulting models showed a good predictive ability with regard to the lignin content, to the frequency of S (or G) thioacidolysis monomers, and to the level of ester-linked CA of maize cell walls. 25358069 0 72 theme infrared 65:72 arg1 spectroscopy 74:85 infrared spectroscopy 65:85 infrared spectroscopy 65:85 Investigating lignin key features in maize lignocelluloses using infrared spectroscopy. 25358069 8 73 theme square 1021:1026 arg1 analyses 1034:1041 Partial least square (PLS) analyses 1007:1041 Partial least square (PLS) analyses 1007:1041 Partial least square (PLS) analyses were applied to infrared and chemical data of cell walls. 25358069 3 74 theme mid-infrared 439:450 arg1 spectroscopy 461:472 mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy 439:472 mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy 439:472 Such a performance can be fulfilled by Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy. 25358069 7 75 theme wall 876:879 arg1 polysaccharides 881:895 cell wall polysaccharides 871:895 cell wall polysaccharides 871:895 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 76 link ester-linked 923:934 arg1 CA 948:949 CA 948:949 CA 948:949 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25358069 7 76 link ester-linked 923:934 arg1 p-coumaric 936:945 p-coumaric 936:945 p-coumaric 936:945 In addition, the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, as well as the amount of ester-linked p-coumaric (CA) and ferulic (FA) acids, was measured by wet chemistry. 25242928 6 0 theme commercial 847:856 arg1 enzyme 868:873 commercial cellulase enzyme 847:873 commercial cellulase enzyme 847:873 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 2 1 theme % 329:329 arg1 H2O2 330:333 3%H2O2 328:333 3%H2O2 328:333 All the three substrates were ground to powder form (2 mm) and pretreated with 3%H2O2 + 2% NaOH followed by steaming at 130 °C for 60 min. 25242928 4 2 from conditions 543:552 arg1 °C 586:587 30 °C 583:587 30 °C 583:587 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 4 2 from conditions 543:552 arg1 fermentation 567:578 submerged fermentation 557:578 submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period 557:623 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 4 3 theme whole 457:461 arg1 process 476:482 The whole fermentation process 453:482 The whole fermentation process 453:482 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 1 4 from biomasses 162:170 arg1 production 113:122 production 113:122 production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae 113:246 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 1 4 from biomasses 162:170 arg1 objective 85:93 The main objective 76:93 The main objective of this study 76:107 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 2 5 theme 3 328:328 arg1 % 329:329 % 329:329 % 329:329 All the three substrates were ground to powder form (2 mm) and pretreated with 3%H2O2 + 2% NaOH followed by steaming at 130 °C for 60 min. 25242928 4 6 theme Erlenmeyer 510:519 arg1 flask 521:525 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask 503:525 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask 503:525 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 5 7 theme significant 668:678 arg1 changes 680:686 significant changes 668:686 significant changes in the alteration of the structure occurred after pretreatment which leads to efficient saccharification 668:791 FTIR analysis of the substrates indicated significant changes in the alteration of the structure occurred after pretreatment which leads to efficient saccharification. 25242928 6 8 theme maximum 879:885 arg1 hydrolysis 887:896 maximum hydrolysis 879:896 maximum hydrolysis 879:896 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 2 9 theme powder 289:294 arg1 form 296:299 powder form 289:299 powder form (2 mm) 289:306 All the three substrates were ground to powder form (2 mm) and pretreated with 3%H2O2 + 2% NaOH followed by steaming at 130 °C for 60 min. 25242928 2 9 theme powder 289:294 arg1 mm 304:305 2 mm 302:305 2 mm 302:305 All the three substrates were ground to powder form (2 mm) and pretreated with 3%H2O2 + 2% NaOH followed by steaming at 130 °C for 60 min. 25242928 4 10 theme anaerobic 533:541 arg1 conditions 543:552 anaerobic conditions 533:552 anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period 533:623 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 7 11 theme sugarcane 1025:1033 arg1 bagasse 1035:1041 sugarcane bagasse 1025:1041 sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) 1025:1050 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 11 theme sugarcane 1025:1033 arg1 g/L 1047:1049 77 g/L 1044:1049 77 g/L 1044:1049 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 12 theme wheat 1113:1117 arg1 straw 1119:1123 wheat straw 1113:1123 wheat straw (44 g/L) 1113:1132 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 12 theme wheat 1113:1117 arg1 g/L 1129:1131 44 g/L 1126:1131 44 g/L 1126:1131 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 5 13 theme structure 713:721 arg1 alteration 695:704 the alteration 691:704 the alteration of the structure occurred after pretreatment which leads to efficient saccharification 691:791 FTIR analysis of the substrates indicated significant changes in the alteration of the structure occurred after pretreatment which leads to efficient saccharification. 25242928 7 14 theme tested 1006:1011 arg1 substrates 1013:1022 all these tested substrates 996:1022 all these tested substrates 996:1022 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 15 theme % 1163:1163 arg1 extract 1217:1223 0.25 Yeast extract 1206:1223 0.25 Yeast extract 1206:1223 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 15 theme % 1163:1163 arg1 2SO4 1176:1179 (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4 1162:1179 (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4 1162:1179 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 15 theme % 1163:1163 arg1 KH2PO4 1186:1191 0.1 KH2PO4 1182:1191 0.1 KH2PO4 1182:1191 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 15 theme % 1163:1163 arg1 MgSO4 1199:1203 0.05 MgSO4 1194:1203 0.05 MgSO4 1194:1203 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 1 16 theme main 80:83 arg1 production 113:122 production 113:122 production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae 113:246 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 1 16 theme main 80:83 arg1 objective 85:93 The main objective 76:93 The main objective of this study 76:107 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 2 17 theme % 338:338 arg1 NaOH 340:343 2% NaOH 337:343 2% NaOH 337:343 All the three substrates were ground to powder form (2 mm) and pretreated with 3%H2O2 + 2% NaOH followed by steaming at 130 °C for 60 min. 25242928 1 18 theme sugarcane 177:185 arg1 bagasse 187:193 sugarcane bagasse 177:193 sugarcane bagasse 177:193 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 7 19 theme rice 1089:1092 arg1 straw 1094:1098 rice straw 1089:1098 rice straw (62 g/L) 1089:1107 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 19 theme rice 1089:1092 arg1 g/L 1104:1106 62 g/L 1101:1106 62 g/L 1101:1106 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 6 20 theme cellulase 858:866 arg1 enzyme 868:873 commercial cellulase enzyme 847:873 commercial cellulase enzyme 847:873 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 7 21 theme NH4 1172:1174 arg1 extract 1217:1223 0.25 Yeast extract 1206:1223 0.25 Yeast extract 1206:1223 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 21 theme NH4 1172:1174 arg1 2SO4 1176:1179 (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4 1162:1179 (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4 1162:1179 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 21 theme NH4 1172:1174 arg1 KH2PO4 1186:1191 0.1 KH2PO4 1182:1191 0.1 KH2PO4 1182:1191 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 21 theme NH4 1172:1174 arg1 MgSO4 1199:1203 0.05 MgSO4 1194:1203 0.05 MgSO4 1194:1203 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 0 22 from wastes 37:42 arg1 production 8:17 Ethanol production 0:17 Ethanol production from agricultural wastes 0:42 Ethanol production from agricultural wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25242928 7 23 theme Yeast 1211:1215 arg1 extract 1217:1223 0.25 Yeast extract 1206:1223 0.25 Yeast extract 1206:1223 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 7 23 theme Yeast 1211:1215 arg1 2SO4 1176:1179 (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4 1162:1179 (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4 1162:1179 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 4 24 theme incubation 607:616 arg1 period 618:623 incubation period 607:623 incubation period 607:623 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 0 25 theme Ethanol 0:6 arg1 production 8:17 Ethanol production 0:17 Ethanol production from agricultural wastes 0:42 Ethanol production from agricultural wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25242928 2 26 theme 2 337:337 arg1 % 338:338 % 338:338 % 338:338 All the three substrates were ground to powder form (2 mm) and pretreated with 3%H2O2 + 2% NaOH followed by steaming at 130 °C for 60 min. 25242928 0 27 theme agricultural 24:35 arg1 wastes 37:42 agricultural wastes 24:42 agricultural wastes 24:42 Ethanol production from agricultural wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25242928 1 28 theme study 103:107 arg1 production 113:122 production 113:122 production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae 113:246 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 1 28 theme study 103:107 arg1 objective 85:93 The main objective 76:93 The main objective of this study 76:107 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 4 29 from °C 586:587 arg1 conditions 543:552 anaerobic conditions 533:552 anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period 533:623 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 4 29 from °C 586:587 arg1 fermentation 567:578 submerged fermentation 557:578 submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period 557:623 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 4 30 theme mL 507:508 arg1 flask 521:525 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask 503:525 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask 503:525 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 5 31 from changes 680:686 arg1 alteration 695:704 the alteration 691:704 the alteration of the structure occurred after pretreatment which leads to efficient saccharification 691:791 FTIR analysis of the substrates indicated significant changes in the alteration of the structure occurred after pretreatment which leads to efficient saccharification. 25242928 6 32 located observed 902:909 arg1 bagasse 924:930 sugarcane bagasse 914:930 sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%) 914:987 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 6 32 located observed 902:909 arg1 % 935:935 64% 933:935 64% 933:935 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 6 32 located observed 902:909 arg2 hydrolysis 887:896 maximum hydrolysis 879:896 maximum hydrolysis 879:896 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 4 33 theme 500 503:505 arg1 mL 507:508 mL 507:508 mL 507:508 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 5 34 theme substrates 647:656 arg1 analysis 631:638 FTIR analysis 626:638 FTIR analysis of the substrates 626:656 FTIR analysis of the substrates indicated significant changes in the alteration of the structure occurred after pretreatment which leads to efficient saccharification. 25242928 1 35 theme rice 196:199 arg1 straw 201:205 rice straw 196:205 rice straw 196:205 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 1 36 theme wheat 211:215 arg1 straw 217:221 wheat straw 211:221 wheat straw 211:221 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 5 37 theme efficient 766:774 arg1 saccharification 776:791 efficient saccharification 766:791 efficient saccharification 766:791 FTIR analysis of the substrates indicated significant changes in the alteration of the structure occurred after pretreatment which leads to efficient saccharification. 25242928 6 38 theme wheat 971:975 arg1 straw 977:981 wheat straw 971:981 wheat straw (34%) 971:987 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 6 38 theme wheat 971:975 arg1 % 986:986 34% 984:986 34% 984:986 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 4 39 theme fermentation 463:474 arg1 process 476:482 The whole fermentation process 453:482 The whole fermentation process 453:482 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 1 40 dep Sacchromyces 226:237 arg1 cervisae 239:246 Sacchromyces cervisae 226:246 Sacchromyces cervisae 226:246 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 3 41 theme commercial 424:433 arg1 enzyme 445:450 commercial cellulase enzyme 424:450 commercial cellulase enzyme 424:450 These substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme. 25242928 0 42 theme Saccharomyces 50:62 arg1 cerevisiae 64:73 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 50:73 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 50:73 Ethanol production from agricultural wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25242928 6 43 theme sugarcane 914:922 arg1 bagasse 924:930 sugarcane bagasse 914:930 sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%) 914:987 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 6 43 theme sugarcane 914:922 arg1 % 935:935 64% 933:935 64% 933:935 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 3 44 theme cellulase 435:443 arg1 enzyme 445:450 commercial cellulase enzyme 424:450 commercial cellulase enzyme 424:450 These substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme. 25242928 7 45 theme 2SO4 1176:1179 arg1 composition 1147:1157 medium composition 1140:1157 medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae 1140:1238 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 5 46 theme FTIR 626:629 arg1 analysis 631:638 FTIR analysis 626:638 FTIR analysis of the substrates 626:656 FTIR analysis of the substrates indicated significant changes in the alteration of the structure occurred after pretreatment which leads to efficient saccharification. 25242928 1 47 theme ethanol 127:133 arg1 production 113:122 production 113:122 production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae 113:246 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 1 47 theme ethanol 127:133 arg1 objective 85:93 The main objective 76:93 The main objective of this study 76:107 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 4 48 theme period 618:623 arg1 days 599:602 three days 593:602 three days of incubation period 593:623 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 25242928 6 49 theme rice 950:953 arg1 straw 955:959 rice straw 950:959 rice straw (40%) 950:965 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 6 49 theme rice 950:953 arg1 % 964:964 40% 962:964 40% 962:964 After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). 25242928 7 50 theme medium 1140:1145 arg1 composition 1147:1157 medium composition 1140:1157 medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae 1140:1238 Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae. 25242928 1 51 theme lignocellulosic 146:160 arg1 biomasses 162:170 three lignocellulosic biomasses 140:170 three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw 140:221 The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. 25242928 4 52 theme submerged 557:565 arg1 fermentation 567:578 submerged fermentation 557:578 submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period 557:623 The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. 24830949 0 0 theme marine 88:93 arg1 environments 95:106 marine environments 88:106 marine environments 88:106 Potential of biogenic hydrogen production for hydrogen driven remediation strategies in marine environments. 24830949 6 1 theme batch 950:954 arg1 tests 956:960 batch tests 950:960 batch tests 950:960 A Taguchi design of experimental methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal nutritional composition in batch tests to improve bio-H2 yields. 24830949 7 2 theme weeks 1159:1163 arg1 period 1141:1146 a period 1139:1146 a period of several weeks 1139:1163 Further optimisation experiments showed that alginate-immobilised bacterial cells were able to produce bio-H2 at the same rate as suspended cells over a period of several weeks. 24830949 2 3 from generation 422:431 arg1 systems 485:491 marine systems 478:491 marine systems 478:491 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 1 4 theme organic 163:169 arg1 residues 171:178 organic residues 163:178 organic residues 163:178 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 4 5 from conversion 728:737 arg1 media 761:765 marine media 754:765 marine media 754:765 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 24830949 3 6 theme indigenous 553:562 arg1 bacterium 571:579 an indigenous marine bacterium 550:579 an indigenous marine bacterium 550:579 The present research aims to optimise the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments and subsequently develop this process for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 7 7 theme several 1151:1157 arg1 weeks 1159:1163 several weeks 1151:1163 several weeks 1151:1163 Further optimisation experiments showed that alginate-immobilised bacterial cells were able to produce bio-H2 at the same rate as suspended cells over a period of several weeks. 24830949 7 8 theme optimisation 996:1007 arg1 experiments 1009:1019 Further optimisation experiments 988:1019 Further optimisation experiments 988:1019 Further optimisation experiments showed that alginate-immobilised bacterial cells were able to produce bio-H2 at the same rate as suspended cells over a period of several weeks. 24830949 2 9 theme fresh 361:365 arg1 systems 373:379 fresh water systems 361:379 fresh water systems 361:379 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 7 10 from rate 1110:1113 arg1 bio-H2 1091:1096 bio-H2 1091:1096 bio-H2 at the same rate as suspended cells 1091:1132 Further optimisation experiments showed that alginate-immobilised bacterial cells were able to produce bio-H2 at the same rate as suspended cells over a period of several weeks. 24830949 6 11 theme Taguchi 843:849 arg1 design 851:856 A Taguchi design 841:856 A Taguchi design of experimental methodology 841:884 A Taguchi design of experimental methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal nutritional composition in batch tests to improve bio-H2 yields. 24830949 1 12 from residues 171:178 arg1 production 122:131 Fermentative production 109:131 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues 109:178 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 2 13 from production 329:338 arg1 systems 373:379 fresh water systems 361:379 fresh water systems 361:379 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 1 14 theme driven 275:280 arg1 strategies 294:303 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 266:303 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 266:303 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 6 15 theme nutritional 923:933 arg1 composition 935:945 the optimal nutritional composition 911:945 the optimal nutritional composition in batch tests to improve bio-H2 yields 911:985 A Taguchi design of experimental methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal nutritional composition in batch tests to improve bio-H2 yields. 24830949 3 16 theme marine 564:569 arg1 bacterium 571:579 an indigenous marine bacterium 550:579 an indigenous marine bacterium 550:579 The present research aims to optimise the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments and subsequently develop this process for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 2 17 theme water 367:371 arg1 systems 373:379 fresh water systems 361:379 fresh water systems 361:379 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 1 18 theme remediation 282:292 arg1 strategies 294:303 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 266:303 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 266:303 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 6 19 theme optimal 915:921 arg1 composition 935:945 the optimal nutritional composition 911:945 the optimal nutritional composition in batch tests to improve bio-H2 yields 911:985 A Taguchi design of experimental methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal nutritional composition in batch tests to improve bio-H2 yields. 24830949 9 20 from generation 1395:1404 arg1 ecosystems 1514:1523 marine ecosystems 1507:1523 marine ecosystems 1507:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 7 21 theme Further 988:994 arg1 experiments 1009:1019 Further optimisation experiments 988:1019 Further optimisation experiments 988:1019 Further optimisation experiments showed that alginate-immobilised bacterial cells were able to produce bio-H2 at the same rate as suspended cells over a period of several weeks. 24830949 4 22 theme Pseudoalteromonas 797:813 arg1 isolate 788:794 a marine isolate 779:794 a marine isolate 779:794 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 24830949 4 22 theme Pseudoalteromonas 797:813 arg1 sp 815:816 Pseudoalteromonas sp 797:816 Pseudoalteromonas sp 797:816 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 24830949 8 23 theme palladium 1277:1285 arg1 nanoparticles 1287:1299 biogenic palladium nanoparticles 1268:1299 biogenic palladium nanoparticles 1268:1299 Finally, bio-H2 was used as electron donor to successfully dehalogenate trichloroethylene (TCE) using biogenic palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst. 24830949 8 23 theme palladium 1277:1285 arg1 catalyst 1306:1313 a catalyst 1304:1313 a catalyst 1304:1313 Finally, bio-H2 was used as electron donor to successfully dehalogenate trichloroethylene (TCE) using biogenic palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst. 24830949 8 24 theme electron 1194:1201 arg1 bio-H2 1175:1180 bio-H2 1175:1180 bio-H2 1175:1180 Finally, bio-H2 was used as electron donor to successfully dehalogenate trichloroethylene (TCE) using biogenic palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst. 24830949 8 24 theme electron 1194:1201 arg1 donor 1203:1207 electron donor 1194:1207 electron donor 1194:1207 Finally, bio-H2 was used as electron donor to successfully dehalogenate trichloroethylene (TCE) using biogenic palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst. 24830949 9 25 theme promising 1359:1367 arg1 production 1329:1338 Fermentative production 1316:1338 Fermentative production of bio-H2 1316:1348 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 25 theme promising 1359:1367 arg1 technique 1369:1377 a promising technique 1357:1377 a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems 1357:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 26 dep driven 1441:1446 arg1 hydrogen 1432:1439 hydrogen 1432:1439 hydrogen 1432:1439 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 27 theme driven 1441:1446 arg1 strategies 1460:1469 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 1432:1469 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 1432:1469 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 8 28 theme biogenic 1268:1275 arg1 nanoparticles 1287:1299 biogenic palladium nanoparticles 1268:1299 biogenic palladium nanoparticles 1268:1299 Finally, bio-H2 was used as electron donor to successfully dehalogenate trichloroethylene (TCE) using biogenic palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst. 24830949 8 28 theme biogenic 1268:1275 arg1 catalyst 1306:1313 a catalyst 1304:1313 a catalyst 1304:1313 Finally, bio-H2 was used as electron donor to successfully dehalogenate trichloroethylene (TCE) using biogenic palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst. 24830949 2 29 theme optimisation 452:463 arg1 processes 465:473 biogenic H2 and optimisation processes 436:473 biogenic H2 and optimisation processes 436:473 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 9 30 theme Fermentative 1316:1327 arg1 production 1329:1338 Fermentative production 1316:1338 Fermentative production of bio-H2 1316:1348 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 30 theme Fermentative 1316:1327 arg1 technique 1369:1377 a promising technique 1357:1377 a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems 1357:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 8 31 used used 1186:1189 arg2 donor 1203:1207 electron donor 1194:1207 electron donor 1194:1207 Finally, bio-H2 was used as electron donor to successfully dehalogenate trichloroethylene (TCE) using biogenic palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst. 24830949 8 31 used used 1186:1189 arg2 bio-H2 1175:1180 bio-H2 1175:1180 bio-H2 1175:1180 Finally, bio-H2 was used as electron donor to successfully dehalogenate trichloroethylene (TCE) using biogenic palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst. 24830949 9 32 theme marine 1507:1512 arg1 ecosystems 1514:1523 marine ecosystems 1507:1523 marine ecosystems 1507:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 33 theme bio-H2 1343:1348 arg1 production 1329:1338 Fermentative production 1316:1338 Fermentative production of bio-H2 1316:1348 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 33 theme bio-H2 1343:1348 arg1 technique 1369:1377 a promising technique 1357:1377 a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems 1357:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 4 34 theme marine 754:759 arg1 media 761:765 marine media 754:765 marine media 754:765 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 24830949 3 35 theme remediation 691:701 arg1 strategies 703:712 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 675:712 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 675:712 The present research aims to optimise the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments and subsequently develop this process for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 3 36 from production 589:598 arg1 environments 620:631 marine environments 613:631 marine environments 613:631 The present research aims to optimise the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments and subsequently develop this process for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 2 37 theme few 382:384 arg1 reports 386:392 few reports 382:392 few reports 382:392 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 0 38 theme hydrogen 22:29 arg1 production 31:40 biogenic hydrogen production 13:40 biogenic hydrogen production 13:40 Potential of biogenic hydrogen production for hydrogen driven remediation strategies in marine environments. 24830949 9 39 theme concomitant 1383:1393 arg1 generation 1395:1404 concomitant generation 1383:1404 concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies 1383:1469 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 40 theme residue 1496:1502 arg1 generation 1395:1404 concomitant generation 1383:1404 concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies 1383:1469 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 40 theme residue 1496:1502 arg1 treatment 1475:1483 treatment 1475:1483 treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems 1475:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 1 41 theme Fermentative 109:120 arg1 production 122:131 Fermentative production 109:131 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues 109:178 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 1 42 theme promising 197:205 arg1 alternative 207:217 a promising alternative 195:217 a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies 195:303 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 2 43 theme biogenic 436:443 arg1 processes 465:473 biogenic H2 and optimisation processes 436:473 biogenic H2 and optimisation processes 436:473 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 6 44 theme experimental 861:872 arg1 methodology 874:884 experimental methodology 861:884 experimental methodology 861:884 A Taguchi design of experimental methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal nutritional composition in batch tests to improve bio-H2 yields. 24830949 7 45 theme suspended 1118:1126 arg1 cells 1128:1132 suspended cells 1118:1132 suspended cells 1118:1132 Further optimisation experiments showed that alginate-immobilised bacterial cells were able to produce bio-H2 at the same rate as suspended cells over a period of several weeks. 24830949 9 46 from treatment 1475:1483 arg1 ecosystems 1514:1523 marine ecosystems 1507:1523 marine ecosystems 1507:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 3 47 theme bacterium 571:579 arg1 capability 536:545 the capability 532:545 the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments 532:631 The present research aims to optimise the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments and subsequently develop this process for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 9 48 theme organic 1488:1494 arg1 residue 1496:1502 organic residue 1488:1502 organic residue in marine ecosystems 1488:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 4 49 theme organics 742:749 arg1 conversion 728:737 Fermentative conversion 715:737 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 715:817 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 24830949 7 50 theme same 1105:1108 arg1 rate 1110:1113 the same rate 1101:1113 the same rate 1101:1113 Further optimisation experiments showed that alginate-immobilised bacterial cells were able to produce bio-H2 at the same rate as suspended cells over a period of several weeks. 24830949 9 51 theme remediation 1448:1458 arg1 strategies 1460:1469 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 1432:1469 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 1432:1469 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 3 52 theme bio-H2 603:608 arg1 production 589:598 the production 585:598 the production of bio-H2 in marine environments 585:631 The present research aims to optimise the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments and subsequently develop this process for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 0 53 theme production 31:40 arg1 Potential 0:8 Potential 0:8 Potential of biogenic hydrogen production for hydrogen 0:53 Potential of biogenic hydrogen production for hydrogen driven remediation strategies in marine environments. 24830949 2 54 theme marine 478:483 arg1 systems 485:491 marine systems 478:491 marine systems 478:491 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 4 55 theme marine 781:786 arg1 isolate 788:794 a marine isolate 779:794 a marine isolate 779:794 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 24830949 4 55 theme marine 781:786 arg1 sp 815:816 Pseudoalteromonas sp 797:816 Pseudoalteromonas sp 797:816 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 24830949 2 56 theme H2 445:446 arg1 processes 465:473 biogenic H2 and optimisation processes 436:473 biogenic H2 and optimisation processes 436:473 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 6 57 theme bio-H2 973:978 arg1 yields 980:985 bio-H2 yields 973:985 bio-H2 yields 973:985 A Taguchi design of experimental methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal nutritional composition in batch tests to improve bio-H2 yields. 24830949 6 58 theme methodology 874:884 arg1 design 851:856 A Taguchi design 841:856 A Taguchi design of experimental methodology 841:884 A Taguchi design of experimental methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal nutritional composition in batch tests to improve bio-H2 yields. 24830949 3 59 theme present 498:504 arg1 research 506:513 The present research 494:513 The present research 494:513 The present research aims to optimise the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments and subsequently develop this process for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 2 60 theme processes 465:473 arg1 generation 422:431 the generation 418:431 the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems 418:491 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 9 61 theme source 1421:1426 arg1 generation 1395:1404 concomitant generation 1383:1404 concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies 1383:1469 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 61 theme source 1421:1426 arg1 treatment 1475:1483 treatment 1475:1483 treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems 1475:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 1 62 dep driven 275:280 arg1 hydrogen 266:273 hydrogen 266:273 hydrogen 266:273 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 1 63 theme bio-hydrogen 136:147 arg1 production 122:131 Fermentative production 109:131 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues 109:178 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 4 64 from media 761:765 arg1 conversion 728:737 Fermentative conversion 715:737 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 715:817 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 24830949 6 65 from composition 935:945 arg1 tests 956:960 batch tests 950:960 batch tests 950:960 A Taguchi design of experimental methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal nutritional composition in batch tests to improve bio-H2 yields. 24830949 9 66 from ecosystems 1514:1523 arg1 generation 1395:1404 concomitant generation 1383:1404 concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies 1383:1469 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 66 from ecosystems 1514:1523 arg1 treatment 1475:1483 treatment 1475:1483 treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems 1475:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 2 67 theme used 324:327 arg1 production 329:338 the widely used production 313:338 the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems 313:379 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 3 68 theme hydrogen 675:682 arg1 strategies 703:712 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 675:712 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 675:712 The present research aims to optimise the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments and subsequently develop this process for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 7 69 theme alginate-immobilised 1033:1052 arg1 cells 1064:1068 alginate-immobilised bacterial cells 1033:1068 alginate-immobilised bacterial cells 1033:1068 Further optimisation experiments showed that alginate-immobilised bacterial cells were able to produce bio-H2 at the same rate as suspended cells over a period of several weeks. 24830949 2 70 theme H2 343:344 arg1 production 329:338 the widely used production 313:338 the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems 313:379 Unlike the widely used production of H2 by bacteria in fresh water systems, few reports are available regarding the generation of biogenic H2 and optimisation processes in marine systems. 24830949 1 71 theme required 237:244 arg1 source 255:260 the required electron source 233:260 the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies 233:303 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 3 72 theme driven 684:689 arg1 strategies 703:712 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 675:712 hydrogen driven remediation strategies 675:712 The present research aims to optimise the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments and subsequently develop this process for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 3 73 theme marine 613:618 arg1 environments 620:631 marine environments 613:631 marine environments 613:631 The present research aims to optimise the capability of an indigenous marine bacterium for the production of bio-H2 in marine environments and subsequently develop this process for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 7 74 theme bacterial 1054:1062 arg1 cells 1064:1068 alginate-immobilised bacterial cells 1033:1068 alginate-immobilised bacterial cells 1033:1068 Further optimisation experiments showed that alginate-immobilised bacterial cells were able to produce bio-H2 at the same rate as suspended cells over a period of several weeks. 24830949 4 75 theme Fermentative 715:726 arg1 conversion 728:737 Fermentative conversion 715:737 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 715:817 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 24830949 4 76 from organics 742:749 arg1 media 761:765 marine media 754:765 marine media 754:765 Fermentative conversion of organics in marine media to H2 using a marine isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 24830949 1 77 theme electron 246:253 arg1 source 255:260 the required electron source 233:260 the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies 233:303 Fermentative production of bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) from organic residues has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the required electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies. 24830949 0 78 theme remediation 62:72 arg1 strategies 74:83 remediation strategies 62:83 remediation strategies 62:83 Potential of biogenic hydrogen production for hydrogen driven remediation strategies in marine environments. 24830949 0 79 theme biogenic 13:20 arg1 production 31:40 biogenic hydrogen production 13:40 biogenic hydrogen production 13:40 Potential of biogenic hydrogen production for hydrogen driven remediation strategies in marine environments. 24830949 9 80 from residue 1496:1502 arg1 ecosystems 1514:1523 marine ecosystems 1507:1523 marine ecosystems 1507:1523 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24830949 9 81 theme electron 1412:1419 arg1 source 1421:1426 an electron source 1409:1426 an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies 1409:1469 Fermentative production of bio-H2 can be a promising technique for concomitant generation of an electron source for hydrogen driven remediation strategies and treatment of organic residue in marine ecosystems. 24621178 2 0 theme rice 537:540 arg1 soup 547:550 rice cake soup 537:550 rice cake soup 537:550 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 0 theme rice 537:540 arg1 foods 394:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 1 theme experimental 356:367 arg1 diets 369:373 12 experimental diets 353:373 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose 353:635 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 1 2 theme animal 253:258 arg1 study 270:274 an animal metabolic study 250:274 an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors 250:339 This study was conducted to compare the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods by an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors. 24621178 8 3 theme animal 1580:1585 arg1 experiments 1587:1597 animal experiments 1580:1597 animal experiments 1580:1597 Therefore, because Korean starch foods are considered to be calorie-rich based on calculations, their energy contents can be accurately determined only by animal experiments. 24621178 2 4 theme rice 553:556 arg1 cake 558:561 rice cake 553:561 rice cake in hot pepper paste 553:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 4 theme rice 553:556 arg1 foods 394:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 4 5 theme adaptation 713:722 arg1 d 708:708 3 d 706:708 3 d of adaptation 706:722 After 3 d of adaptation, a metabolic trial was performed for 4 d. 24621178 6 6 theme laver-rolled 947:958 arg1 rice 960:963 laver-rolled rice 947:963 laver-rolled rice 947:963 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24621178 3 7 theme Each 638:641 arg1 diet 643:646 Each diet 638:646 Each diet 638:646 Each diet comprised 70% basal diet and 30% experimental food. 24621178 8 8 theme Korean 1444:1449 arg1 foods 1458:1462 Korean starch foods 1444:1462 Korean starch foods 1444:1462 Therefore, because Korean starch foods are considered to be calorie-rich based on calculations, their energy contents can be accurately determined only by animal experiments. 24621178 2 9 from diet 619:622 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 5 10 theme basal 894:898 arg1 group 905:909 the basal diet group 890:909 the basal diet group (P < 0.05) 890:920 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 5 10 theme basal 894:898 arg1 < 914:914 P < 0.05 912:919 P < 0.05 912:919 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 6 11 theme Atwater 1216:1222 arg1 factor 1235:1240 the Atwater conversion factor 1212:1240 the Atwater conversion factor 1212:1240 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24621178 1 12 theme metabolizable 201:213 arg1 energies 215:222 the metabolizable energies 197:222 the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods 197:245 This study was conducted to compare the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods by an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors. 24621178 2 13 from barley 440:445 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 6 14 theme noodle 1015:1020 arg1 soup 1022:1025 seafood noodle soup 1007:1025 seafood noodle soup 1007:1025 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24621178 3 15 theme % 660:660 arg1 diet 668:671 70% basal diet 658:671 70% basal diet 658:671 Each diet comprised 70% basal diet and 30% experimental food. 24621178 0 16 theme Korean 140:145 arg1 foods 154:158 Korean starch foods 140:158 Korean starch foods 140:158 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values determined by metabolic study of Korean starch foods. 24621178 2 17 theme seafood 516:522 arg1 soup 531:534 seafood noodle soup 516:534 seafood noodle soup 516:534 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 17 theme seafood 516:522 arg1 foods 394:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 0 18 theme foods 154:158 arg1 study 131:135 metabolic study 121:135 metabolic study of Korean starch foods 121:158 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values determined by metabolic study of Korean starch foods. 24621178 7 19 theme foods 1309:1313 arg1 contents 1290:1297 the energy contents 1279:1297 the energy contents of Korean foods 1279:1313 The results of this study show that the energy contents of Korean foods are significantly different from those calculated using the conversion factors based on the food composition. 24621178 7 19 theme foods 1309:1313 arg1 different 1333:1341 different 1333:1341 different 1333:1341 The results of this study show that the energy contents of Korean foods are significantly different from those calculated using the conversion factors based on the food composition. 24621178 3 20 theme 30 677:678 arg1 % 679:679 % 679:679 % 679:679 Each diet comprised 70% basal diet and 30% experimental food. 24621178 6 21 theme calculated 1067:1076 arg1 energies 1078:1085 calculated energies 1067:1085 calculated energies 1067:1085 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24621178 5 22 theme apparent 770:777 arg1 energy 793:798 The apparent metabolizable energy 766:798 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup 766:849 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 5 22 theme apparent 770:777 arg1 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 2 23 from rice 473:476 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 0 24 theme conversion 70:79 arg1 factors 81:87 energy conversion factors 63:87 energy conversion factors 63:87 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values determined by metabolic study of Korean starch foods. 24621178 7 25 theme energy 1283:1288 arg1 contents 1290:1297 the energy contents 1279:1297 the energy contents of Korean foods 1279:1313 The results of this study show that the energy contents of Korean foods are significantly different from those calculated using the conversion factors based on the food composition. 24621178 7 25 theme energy 1283:1288 arg1 different 1333:1341 different 1333:1341 different 1333:1341 The results of this study show that the energy contents of Korean foods are significantly different from those calculated using the conversion factors based on the food composition. 24621178 2 26 theme basal 613:617 arg1 diet 619:622 basal diet 613:622 basal diet 613:622 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 26 theme basal 613:617 arg1 foods 394:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 4 27 theme metabolic 727:735 arg1 trial 737:741 a metabolic trial 725:741 a metabolic trial 725:741 After 3 d of adaptation, a metabolic trial was performed for 4 d. 24621178 2 28 theme hot 566:568 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 3 29 theme experimental 681:692 arg1 food 694:697 30% experimental food 677:697 30% experimental food 677:697 Each diet comprised 70% basal diet and 30% experimental food. 24621178 5 30 theme P 912:912 arg1 group 905:909 the basal diet group 890:909 the basal diet group (P < 0.05) 890:920 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 5 30 theme P 912:912 arg1 < 914:914 P < 0.05 912:919 P < 0.05 912:919 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 5 31 theme hamburger 810:818 arg1 energy 793:798 The apparent metabolizable energy 766:798 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup 766:849 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 5 31 theme hamburger 810:818 arg1 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 7 32 theme study 1263:1267 arg1 results 1247:1253 The results 1243:1253 The results of this study 1243:1267 The results of this study show that the energy contents of Korean foods are significantly different from those calculated using the conversion factors based on the food composition. 24621178 2 33 theme laver-rolled 460:471 arg1 rice 473:476 laver-rolled rice 460:476 laver-rolled rice 460:476 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 33 theme laver-rolled 460:471 arg1 foods 394:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 diet 619:622 basal diet 613:622 basal diet 613:622 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 cake 558:561 rice cake 553:561 rice cake in hot pepper paste 553:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 rice 473:476 laver-rolled rice 460:476 laver-rolled rice 460:476 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 hamburger 591:599 hamburger 591:599 hamburger 591:599 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 barley 440:445 barley 440:445 barley 440:445 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 glucose 629:635 glucose 629:635 glucose 629:635 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 foods 394:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 spaghetti 602:610 spaghetti 602:610 spaghetti 602:610 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 soup 547:550 rice cake soup 537:550 rice cake soup 537:550 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 rice 479:482 rice 479:482 rice mixed with vegetables and meat 479:513 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 rice 454:457 brown rice 448:457 brown rice 448:457 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 pizza 584:588 pizza 584:588 pizza 584:588 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 34 theme Korean 387:392 arg1 soup 531:534 seafood noodle soup 516:534 seafood noodle soup 516:534 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 5 35 theme spaghetti 821:829 arg1 energy 793:798 The apparent metabolizable energy 766:798 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup 766:849 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 5 35 theme spaghetti 821:829 arg1 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 0 36 theme Mabolizable 0:10 arg1 differences 19:29 Mabolizable energy differences 0:29 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values 0:105 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values determined by metabolic study of Korean starch foods. 24621178 7 37 theme conversion 1375:1384 arg1 factors 1386:1392 the conversion factors 1371:1392 the conversion factors based on the food composition 1371:1422 The results of this study show that the energy contents of Korean foods are significantly different from those calculated using the conversion factors based on the food composition. 24621178 2 38 theme Western 403:409 arg1 foods 411:415 3 Western foods 401:415 3 Western foods 401:415 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 5 39 theme pizza 803:807 arg1 energy 793:798 The apparent metabolizable energy 766:798 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup 766:849 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 5 39 theme pizza 803:807 arg1 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 1 40 theme well-known 304:313 arg1 factors 333:339 well-known energy conversion factors 304:339 well-known energy conversion factors 304:339 This study was conducted to compare the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods by an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors. 24621178 1 41 theme conversion 322:331 arg1 factors 333:339 well-known energy conversion factors 304:339 well-known energy conversion factors 304:339 This study was conducted to compare the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods by an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 diet 619:622 basal diet 613:622 basal diet 613:622 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 cake 558:561 rice cake 553:561 rice cake in hot pepper paste 553:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 rice 473:476 laver-rolled rice 460:476 laver-rolled rice 460:476 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 hamburger 591:599 hamburger 591:599 hamburger 591:599 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 barley 440:445 barley 440:445 barley 440:445 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 glucose 629:635 glucose 629:635 glucose 629:635 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 foods 394:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 spaghetti 602:610 spaghetti 602:610 spaghetti 602:610 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 soup 547:550 rice cake soup 537:550 rice cake soup 537:550 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 rice 479:482 rice 479:482 rice mixed with vegetables and meat 479:513 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 rice 454:457 brown rice 448:457 brown rice 448:457 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 pizza 584:588 pizza 584:588 pizza 584:588 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 42 dep foods 394:398 arg1 soup 531:534 seafood noodle soup 516:534 seafood noodle soup 516:534 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 1 43 theme Korean 227:232 arg1 foods 241:245 Korean starch foods 227:245 Korean starch foods 227:245 This study was conducted to compare the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods by an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors. 24621178 2 44 from rice 479:482 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 1 45 theme foods 241:245 arg1 energies 215:222 the metabolizable energies 197:222 the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods 197:245 This study was conducted to compare the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods by an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors. 24621178 5 46 theme cake 841:844 arg1 soup 846:849 rice cake soup 836:849 rice cake soup 836:849 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 6 47 theme energy 1157:1162 arg1 lower 1178:1182 lower 1178:1182 lower 1178:1182 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24621178 6 47 theme energy 1157:1162 arg1 contents 1164:1171 the actual energy contents 1146:1171 the actual energy contents 1146:1171 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24621178 1 48 theme metabolic 260:268 arg1 study 270:274 an animal metabolic study 250:274 an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors 250:339 This study was conducted to compare the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods by an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors. 24621178 2 49 theme noodle 524:529 arg1 soup 531:534 seafood noodle soup 516:534 seafood noodle soup 516:534 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 49 theme noodle 524:529 arg1 foods 394:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 50 from hamburger 591:599 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 51 theme cake 542:545 arg1 soup 547:550 rice cake soup 537:550 rice cake soup 537:550 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 51 theme cake 542:545 arg1 foods 394:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 52 from spaghetti 602:610 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 6 53 theme conversion 1224:1233 arg1 factor 1235:1240 the Atwater conversion factor 1212:1240 the Atwater conversion factor 1212:1240 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24621178 6 54 theme brown 935:939 arg1 rice 941:944 brown rice 935:944 brown rice 935:944 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24621178 0 55 theme starch 147:152 arg1 foods 154:158 Korean starch foods 140:158 Korean starch foods 140:158 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values determined by metabolic study of Korean starch foods. 24621178 5 56 theme diet 900:903 arg1 group 905:909 the basal diet group 890:909 the basal diet group (P < 0.05) 890:920 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 5 56 theme diet 900:903 arg1 < 914:914 P < 0.05 912:919 P < 0.05 912:919 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 8 57 theme starch 1451:1456 arg1 foods 1458:1462 Korean starch foods 1444:1462 Korean starch foods 1444:1462 Therefore, because Korean starch foods are considered to be calorie-rich based on calculations, their energy contents can be accurately determined only by animal experiments. 24621178 2 58 from rice 454:457 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 6 59 theme seafood 1007:1013 arg1 soup 1022:1025 seafood noodle soup 1007:1025 seafood noodle soup 1007:1025 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24621178 3 60 theme basal 662:666 arg1 diet 668:671 70% basal diet 658:671 70% basal diet 658:671 Each diet comprised 70% basal diet and 30% experimental food. 24621178 7 61 theme Korean 1302:1307 arg1 foods 1309:1313 Korean foods 1302:1313 Korean foods 1302:1313 The results of this study show that the energy contents of Korean foods are significantly different from those calculated using the conversion factors based on the food composition. 24621178 2 62 from cake 558:561 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 3 63 theme 70 658:659 arg1 % 660:660 % 660:660 % 660:660 Each diet comprised 70% basal diet and 30% experimental food. 24621178 3 64 theme % 679:679 arg1 food 694:697 30% experimental food 677:697 30% experimental food 677:697 Each diet comprised 70% basal diet and 30% experimental food. 24621178 2 65 theme brown 448:452 arg1 rice 454:457 brown rice 448:457 brown rice 448:457 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 65 theme brown 448:452 arg1 foods 394:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 7 Korean foods 385:398 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 0 66 theme actual 93:98 arg1 values 100:105 actual values 93:105 actual values 93:105 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values determined by metabolic study of Korean starch foods. 24621178 2 67 theme pepper 570:575 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 68 from pizza 584:588 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 0 69 theme metabolic 121:129 arg1 study 131:135 metabolic study 121:135 metabolic study of Korean starch foods 121:158 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values determined by metabolic study of Korean starch foods. 24621178 8 70 theme energy 1527:1532 arg1 contents 1534:1541 their energy contents 1521:1541 their energy contents 1521:1541 Therefore, because Korean starch foods are considered to be calorie-rich based on calculations, their energy contents can be accurately determined only by animal experiments. 24621178 7 71 theme food 1407:1410 arg1 composition 1412:1422 the food composition 1403:1422 the food composition 1403:1422 The results of this study show that the energy contents of Korean foods are significantly different from those calculated using the conversion factors based on the food composition. 24621178 0 72 theme energy 12:17 arg1 differences 19:29 Mabolizable energy differences 0:29 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values 0:105 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values determined by metabolic study of Korean starch foods. 24621178 7 73 from those 1348:1352 arg1 contents 1290:1297 the energy contents 1279:1297 the energy contents of Korean foods 1279:1313 The results of this study show that the energy contents of Korean foods are significantly different from those calculated using the conversion factors based on the food composition. 24621178 7 73 from those 1348:1352 arg1 different 1333:1341 different 1333:1341 different 1333:1341 The results of this study show that the energy contents of Korean foods are significantly different from those calculated using the conversion factors based on the food composition. 24621178 5 74 theme metabolizable 779:791 arg1 energy 793:798 The apparent metabolizable energy 766:798 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup 766:849 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 5 74 theme metabolizable 779:791 arg1 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 2 75 from soup 531:534 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 5 76 theme soup 846:849 arg1 energy 793:798 The apparent metabolizable energy 766:798 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup 766:849 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 5 76 theme soup 846:849 arg1 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 higher 870:875 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 2 77 from soup 547:550 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 2 78 from glucose 629:635 arg1 paste 577:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 hot pepper paste 566:581 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 0 79 theme energy 63:68 arg1 factors 81:87 energy conversion factors 63:87 energy conversion factors 63:87 Mabolizable energy differences between values calculated using energy conversion factors and actual values determined by metabolic study of Korean starch foods. 24621178 1 80 theme energy 315:320 arg1 factors 333:339 well-known energy conversion factors 304:339 well-known energy conversion factors 304:339 This study was conducted to compare the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods by an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors. 24621178 1 81 with study 270:274 arg1 those 281:285 those 281:285 those 281:285 This study was conducted to compare the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods by an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors. 24621178 2 82 theme control 424:430 arg1 foods 432:436 2 control foods 422:436 2 control foods 422:436 There were 12 experimental diets (that is, 7 Korean foods, 3 Western foods, and 2 control foods): barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, seafood noodle soup, rice cake soup, rice cake in hot pepper paste, pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, basal diet, and glucose. 24621178 1 83 theme starch 234:239 arg1 foods 241:245 Korean starch foods 227:245 Korean starch foods 227:245 This study was conducted to compare the metabolizable energies of Korean starch foods by an animal metabolic study with those calculated using well-known energy conversion factors. 24621178 5 84 theme rice 836:839 arg1 soup 846:849 rice cake soup 836:849 rice cake soup 836:849 The apparent metabolizable energy of pizza, hamburger, spaghetti, and rice cake soup were significantly higher than that of the basal diet group (P < 0.05). 24621178 6 85 theme actual 1150:1155 arg1 lower 1178:1182 lower 1178:1182 lower 1178:1182 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24621178 6 85 theme actual 1150:1155 arg1 contents 1164:1171 the actual energy contents 1146:1171 the actual energy contents 1146:1171 For barley, brown rice, laver-rolled rice, rice mixed with vegetables and meat, and seafood noodle soup, the differences between the actual and calculated energies were 8.7%, 13.3%, 4.5%, 17.2%, and 4.1%, respectively, and the actual energy contents were lower than those calculated using the Atwater conversion factor. 24425838 2 0 theme present 506:512 arg1 study 514:518 the present study 502:518 the present study 502:518 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 1 1 theme new 353:355 arg1 gels 371:374 new biodegradable gels 353:374 new biodegradable gels 353:374 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 3 2 theme -based 712:717 arg1 hydrogels 719:727 hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels 692:727 hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels 692:727 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 2 3 from METHODS 491:497 arg1 study 514:518 the present study 502:518 the present study 502:518 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 3 4 theme proteins 853:860 arg1 migration 789:797 migration 789:797 migration 789:797 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 3 4 theme proteins 853:860 arg1 expression 825:834 expression 825:834 expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time 825:912 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 3 4 theme proteins 853:860 arg1 survival 779:786 cell survival 774:786 cell survival 774:786 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 3 4 theme proteins 853:860 arg1 units 815:819 colony forming units 800:819 colony forming units 800:819 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 0 5 theme signaling 85:93 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 0:131 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 1 6 theme biodegradable 357:369 arg1 gels 371:374 new biodegradable gels 353:374 new biodegradable gels 353:374 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 2 7 theme matrix 629:634 arg1 composition 636:646 their matrix composition 623:646 their matrix composition 623:646 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 4 8 theme suitable 1026:1033 arg1 substratum 1038:1047 a suitable 3D substratum 1024:1047 a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 1024:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 3 9 theme colony 800:805 arg1 units 815:819 colony forming units 800:819 colony forming units 800:819 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 0 10 theme acid-based 109:118 arg1 hydrogel 123:130 hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel 98:130 hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel 98:130 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 0 11 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 hydrogel 123:130 hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel 98:130 hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel 98:130 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 2 12 theme acid 578:581 arg1 hydrogels 594:602 hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels 567:602 hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness 567:660 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 4 13 theme drug 1211:1214 arg1 treatments 1216:1225 targeted drug treatments 1202:1225 targeted drug treatments 1202:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 3 14 theme cell 839:842 arg1 proteins 853:860 cell adhesion proteins 839:860 cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time 839:912 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 2 15 used used 544:547 arg2 METHODS 491:497 METHODS 491:497 METHODS 491:497 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 2 15 used used 544:547 arg2 MATERIALS 477:485 MATERIALS 477:485 MATERIALS 477:485 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 2 15 used used 544:547 arg2 we 541:542 we 541:542 we 541:542 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 0 16 theme hyaluronic 98:107 arg1 hydrogel 123:130 hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel 98:130 hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel 98:130 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 4 17 theme catenin 1169:1175 arg1 signaling 1177:1185 Wnt/β catenin signaling 1163:1185 Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 1163:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 2 18 theme hyaluronic 567:576 arg1 HA 584:585 HA 584:585 HA 584:585 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 2 18 theme hyaluronic 567:576 arg1 acid 578:581 hyaluronic acid 567:581 hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness 567:660 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 1 19 theme cells 470:474 arg1 microenvironment 428:443 the microenvironment 424:443 the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells 424:474 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 3 20 theme acid 703:706 arg1 hydrogels 719:727 hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels 692:727 hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels 692:727 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 3 21 theme Wnt 869:871 arg1 pathways 883:890 the Wnt signaling pathways 865:890 the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time 865:912 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 1 22 theme immunocompromised 284:300 arg1 hosts 309:313 immunocompromised animal hosts 284:313 immunocompromised animal hosts 284:313 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 2 23 from MATERIALS 477:485 arg1 study 514:518 the present study 502:518 the present study 502:518 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 4 24 theme targeted 1202:1209 arg1 treatments 1216:1225 targeted drug treatments 1202:1225 targeted drug treatments 1202:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 3 25 theme signaling 873:881 arg1 pathways 883:890 the Wnt signaling pathways 865:890 the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time 865:912 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 0 26 theme 3D 120:121 arg1 hydrogel 123:130 hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel 98:130 hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel 98:130 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 3 27 theme hyaluronic 692:701 arg1 acid 703:706 hyaluronic acid 692:706 hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels 692:727 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 3 27 theme hyaluronic 692:701 arg1 HA 709:710 HA 709:710 HA 709:710 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 2 28 theme hydrogels 594:602 arg1 model 558:562 a new 3D model 549:562 a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness 549:660 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 4 29 theme Wnt/β 1163:1167 arg1 signaling 1177:1185 Wnt/β catenin signaling 1163:1185 Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 1163:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 1 30 theme cell 188:191 arg1 models 201:206 three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models 165:206 three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models 165:206 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 4 31 theme HA-based 986:993 arg1 hydrogels 995:1003 HA-based hydrogels 986:1003 HA-based hydrogels 986:1003 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 1 32 theme physiological 396:408 arg1 conditions 410:419 the physiological conditions 392:419 the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells 392:474 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 2 33 theme -based 587:592 arg1 hydrogels 594:602 hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels 567:602 hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness 567:660 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 1 34 from interest 153:160 arg1 models 201:206 three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models 165:206 three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models 165:206 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 1 35 theme culture 193:199 arg1 models 201:206 three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models 165:206 three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models 165:206 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 1 36 theme animal 302:307 arg1 hosts 309:313 immunocompromised animal hosts 284:313 immunocompromised animal hosts 284:313 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 4 37 from signaling 1177:1185 arg1 response 1190:1197 response 1190:1197 response to targeted drug treatments 1190:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 0 38 theme myeloma 29:35 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 0:131 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 4 39 dep CONCLUSION 915:924 arg1 provides 937:944 provides 937:944 provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 937:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 4 40 theme 3D 956:957 arg1 microenvironment 959:974 the first 3D microenvironment 946:974 the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 946:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 0 41 theme multiple 20:27 arg1 myeloma 29:35 multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling 20:93 myeloma 29:35 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 4 42 theme bone 1129:1132 arg1 marrow 1134:1139 bone marrow 1129:1139 bone marrow stromal stem cells 1129:1158 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 1 43 dep three-dimensional 165:181 arg1 3D 184:185 3D 184:185 3D 184:185 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 3 44 theme pathways 883:890 arg1 proteins 853:860 cell adhesion proteins 839:860 cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time 839:912 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 0 45 theme cell 44:47 arg1 expansion 49:57 clonal cell expansion 37:57 clonal cell expansion 37:57 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 2 46 from difference 609:618 arg1 stiffness 652:660 stiffness 652:660 stiffness 652:660 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 2 46 from difference 609:618 arg1 composition 636:646 their matrix composition 623:646 their matrix composition 623:646 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 2 47 with hydrogels 594:602 arg1 difference 609:618 difference 609:618 difference in their matrix composition and stiffness 609:660 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 1 48 theme two-dimensional 219:233 arg1 cultures 235:242 two-dimensional cultures 219:242 two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells 219:258 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 0 49 theme clonal 37:42 arg1 expansion 49:57 clonal cell expansion 37:57 clonal cell expansion 37:57 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 4 50 theme microenvironment 959:974 arg1 data 976:979 the first 3D microenvironment data 946:979 the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 946:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 1 51 from xenografts 270:279 arg1 hosts 309:313 immunocompromised animal hosts 284:313 immunocompromised animal hosts 284:313 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 4 52 theme MM 1053:1054 arg1 cells 1056:1060 MM cells 1053:1060 MM cells 1053:1060 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 4 53 theme stem 1149:1152 arg1 cells 1154:1158 bone marrow stromal stem cells 1129:1158 bone marrow stromal stem cells 1129:1158 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 4 54 theme stromal 1141:1147 arg1 cells 1154:1158 bone marrow stromal stem cells 1129:1158 bone marrow stromal stem cells 1129:1158 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 4 55 theme phenotypic 1089:1098 arg1 changes 1100:1106 phenotypic changes 1089:1106 phenotypic changes 1089:1106 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 1 56 theme microenvironment 428:443 arg1 conditions 410:419 the physiological conditions 392:419 the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells 392:474 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 1 57 from cultures 235:242 arg1 hosts 309:313 immunocompromised animal hosts 284:313 immunocompromised animal hosts 284:313 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 1 58 theme gels 371:374 arg1 use 346:348 the use 342:348 the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells 342:474 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 3 59 dep RESULTS 663:669 arg1 demonstrated 674:685 demonstrated 674:685 demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells 674:758 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 1 60 theme BACKGROUND 133:142 arg1 interest 153:160 BACKGROUND Emerging interest 133:160 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts 133:313 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 3 61 theme MM 751:752 arg1 cells 754:758 MM cells 751:758 MM cells 751:758 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 2 62 theme 3D 555:556 arg1 model 558:562 a new 3D model 549:562 a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness 549:660 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 1 63 theme multiple 448:455 arg1 MM 466:467 MM 466:467 MM 466:467 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 1 63 theme multiple 448:455 arg1 myeloma 457:463 multiple myeloma 448:463 multiple myeloma (MM) cells 448:474 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 0 64 dep myeloma 29:35 arg1 expansion 49:57 clonal cell expansion 37:57 clonal cell expansion 37:57 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 3 65 theme time 909:912 arg1 period 899:904 a period 897:904 a period of time 897:912 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 1 66 theme Emerging 144:151 arg1 interest 153:160 BACKGROUND Emerging interest 133:160 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts 133:313 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 4 67 theme 3D 1035:1036 arg1 substratum 1038:1047 a suitable 3D substratum 1024:1047 a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 1024:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 3 68 theme cell 774:777 arg1 survival 779:786 cell survival 774:786 cell survival 774:786 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 2 69 theme new 551:553 arg1 model 558:562 a new 3D model 549:562 a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness 549:660 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 24425838 1 70 theme myeloma 457:463 arg1 cells 470:474 multiple myeloma (MM) cells 448:474 multiple myeloma (MM) cells 448:474 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 4 71 from influence 1116:1124 arg1 signaling 1177:1185 Wnt/β catenin signaling 1163:1185 Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 1163:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 4 72 from changes 1100:1106 arg1 signaling 1177:1185 Wnt/β catenin signaling 1163:1185 Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 1163:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 3 73 theme forming 807:813 arg1 units 815:819 colony forming units 800:819 colony forming units 800:819 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 1 74 theme cancer 247:252 arg1 cells 254:258 cancer cells 247:258 cancer cells 247:258 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 0 75 theme Wnt/β-catenin 71:83 arg1 signaling 85:93 stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling 63:93 stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling 63:93 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 1 76 theme cells 254:258 arg1 xenografts 270:279 their xenografts 264:279 their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts 264:313 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 1 76 theme cells 254:258 arg1 cultures 235:242 two-dimensional cultures 219:242 two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells 219:258 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 0 77 theme stromal 63:69 arg1 signaling 85:93 stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling 63:93 stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling 63:93 Characterization of multiple myeloma clonal cell expansion and stromal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel. 24425838 4 78 theme cells 1154:1158 arg1 changes 1100:1106 phenotypic changes 1089:1106 phenotypic changes 1089:1106 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 4 78 theme cells 1154:1158 arg1 influence 1116:1124 the influence 1112:1124 the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 1112:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 4 79 theme first 950:954 arg1 microenvironment 959:974 the first 3D microenvironment 946:974 the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments 946:1225 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 4 80 theme marrow 1134:1139 arg1 cells 1154:1158 bone marrow stromal stem cells 1129:1158 bone marrow stromal stem cells 1129:1158 CONCLUSION This study provides the first 3D microenvironment data that HA-based hydrogels could provide with a suitable 3D substratum for MM cells to comprehensively analyze phenotypic changes and the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cells on Wnt/β catenin signaling in response to targeted drug treatments. 24425838 1 81 theme three-dimensional 165:181 arg1 models 201:206 three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models 165:206 three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models 165:206 BACKGROUND Emerging interest on three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models to replace two-dimensional cultures of cancer cells and their xenografts in immunocompromised animal hosts prompted us to investigate the use of new biodegradable gels to recapitulate the physiological conditions of the microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. 24425838 3 82 theme adhesion 844:851 arg1 proteins 853:860 cell adhesion proteins 839:860 cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time 839:912 RESULTS We demonstrated that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels perfectly accommodate MM cells; confirmed by cell survival, migration, colony forming units and expression of cell adhesion proteins of the Wnt signaling pathways over a period of time. 24425838 2 83 theme first 529:533 arg1 time 535:538 the first time 525:538 the first time 525:538 MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, for the first time, we used a new 3D model of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with difference in their matrix composition and stiffness. 28240703 7 0 theme linear 1363:1368 arg1 relationship 1370:1381 a significant linear relationship 1349:1381 a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1349:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 6 1 theme Secondary 1148:1156 arg1 outcomes 1158:1165 Secondary outcomes 1148:1165 Secondary outcomes 1148:1165 Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric knee extension and flexion force, and the knee injury and OA outcome questionnaire. 28240703 2 2 theme postmenopausal 350:363 arg1 women 365:369 87 volunteer postmenopausal women 337:369 87 volunteer postmenopausal women 337:369 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 2 theme postmenopausal 350:363 arg1 age 372:374 age 372:374 age 60 to 68 yr 372:386 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 1 3 theme postmenopausal 260:273 arg1 women 275:279 postmenopausal women 260:279 postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 260:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 7 4 from level 1403:1407 arg1 region 1462:1467 the posterior region 1448:1467 the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1448:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 10 5 theme dGEMRIC 2052:2058 arg1 index 2060:2064 dGEMRIC index 2052:2064 dGEMRIC index 2052:2064 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 3 6 theme MET 682:684 arg1 hours 691:695 MET task hours 682:695 MET task hours per month 682:705 Self-reported LTPA was collected along the 12-month period using a diary from which MET task hours per month were calculated. 28240703 8 7 theme deep 1678:1681 arg1 ROI 1695:1697 superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1650:1697 the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1610:1697 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 8 8 theme P 1684:1684 arg1 0.007 1688:1692 P = 0.007 1684:1692 P = 0.007 1684:1692 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 2 9 theme postintervention 563:578 arg1 period 590:595 the 12-month postintervention follow-up period 550:595 the 12-month postintervention follow-up period 550:595 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 1 10 theme mild 286:289 arg1 osteoarthritis 296:309 mild knee osteoarthritis 286:309 mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 286:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 1 10 theme mild 286:289 arg1 OA 312:313 OA 312:313 OA 312:313 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 8 11 theme posterior 1710:1718 arg1 P 1744:1744 P < 0.001 1744:1752 P < 0.001 1744:1752 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 8 11 theme posterior 1710:1718 arg1 ROI 1739:1741 the posterior medial superficial ROI 1706:1741 the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001) 1706:1753 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 10 12 from content 1959:1965 arg1 women 2011:2015 postmenopausal women 1996:2015 postmenopausal women with mild knee OA 1996:2033 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 4 13 theme = 813:813 arg1 n 811:811 n = 25 811:816 n = 25 811:816 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 8 14 dep cartilage 1640:1648 arg1 ROI 1695:1697 superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1650:1697 the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1610:1697 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 6 15 theme extension 1214:1222 arg1 force 1236:1240 isometric knee extension and flexion force 1199:1240 isometric knee extension and flexion force 1199:1240 Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric knee extension and flexion force, and the knee injury and OA outcome questionnaire. 28240703 5 16 theme relaxation 921:930 arg1 time 932:935 transverse relaxation time 910:935 transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 910:1145 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 5 16 theme relaxation 921:930 arg1 T2 938:939 T2 938:939 T2 938:939 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 10 17 theme glycosaminoglycan 1941:1957 arg1 content 1959:1965 estimated glycosaminoglycan content 1931:1965 estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA 1931:2033 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 7 18 theme lateral 1494:1500 arg1 cartilage 1559:1567 the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1490:1567 the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1490:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 2 19 theme training 503:510 arg1 trial 512:516 a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial 462:516 trial 512:516 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 19 theme training 503:510 arg1 RCT 519:521 RCT 519:521 RCT 519:521 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 6 20 theme isometric 1199:1207 arg1 force 1236:1240 isometric knee extension and flexion force 1199:1240 isometric knee extension and flexion force 1199:1240 Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric knee extension and flexion force, and the knee injury and OA outcome questionnaire. 28240703 1 21 theme biochemical 207:217 arg1 composition 219:229 estimated biochemical composition 197:229 estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 197:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 1 22 theme knee 291:294 arg1 osteoarthritis 296:309 mild knee osteoarthritis 286:309 mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 286:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 1 22 theme knee 291:294 arg1 OA 312:313 OA 312:313 OA 312:313 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 1 23 from composition 219:229 arg1 women 275:279 postmenopausal women 260:279 postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 260:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 1 24 from cartilage 247:255 arg1 women 275:279 postmenopausal women 260:279 postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 260:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 1 25 from changes 186:192 arg1 composition 219:229 estimated biochemical composition 197:229 estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 197:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 10 26 theme knee 2027:2030 arg1 OA 2032:2033 mild knee OA 2022:2033 mild knee OA 2022:2033 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 2 27 dep METHODS 317:323 arg1 participated 446:457 participated 446:457 participated 446:457 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 8 28 theme superficial 1727:1737 arg1 P 1744:1744 P < 0.001 1744:1752 P < 0.001 1744:1752 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 8 28 theme superficial 1727:1737 arg1 ROI 1739:1741 the posterior medial superficial ROI 1706:1741 the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001) 1706:1753 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 1 29 from level 176:180 arg1 composition 219:229 estimated biochemical composition 197:229 estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 197:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 1 30 theme 12-month 129:136 arg1 level 176:180 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level 129:180 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level 129:180 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 7 31 theme femoral 1551:1557 arg1 cartilage 1559:1567 the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1490:1567 the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1490:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 7 32 theme interest 1472:1479 arg1 region 1462:1467 the posterior region 1448:1467 the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1448:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 10 33 theme cartilage 1983:1991 arg1 content 1959:1965 estimated glycosaminoglycan content 1931:1965 estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA 1931:2033 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 4 34 dep middle 803:808 arg1 n 811:811 n = 25 811:816 n = 25 811:816 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 8 35 theme posterior 1614:1622 arg1 cartilage 1640:1648 the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1610:1697 the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1610:1697 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 1 36 theme physical 151:158 arg1 level 176:180 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level 129:180 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level 129:180 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 0 37 theme Knee 66:69 arg1 Osteoarthritis 71:84 Knee Osteoarthritis 66:84 Knee Osteoarthritis 66:84 Physical Activity Is Related with Cartilage Quality in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis. 28240703 8 38 theme femoral 1632:1638 arg1 cartilage 1640:1648 the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1610:1697 the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1610:1697 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 2 39 theme 4-month 487:493 arg1 trial 512:516 a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial 462:516 trial 512:516 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 39 theme 4-month 487:493 arg1 RCT 519:521 RCT 519:521 RCT 519:521 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 9 40 theme linear 1769:1774 arg1 relationship 1776:1787 no linear relationship 1766:1787 no linear relationship between LTPA level and other measured variables 1766:1835 There was no linear relationship between LTPA level and other measured variables. 28240703 5 41 theme glycosaminoglycan 1121:1137 arg1 content 1139:1145 the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 1107:1145 the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 1107:1145 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 8 42 theme superficial 1650:1660 arg1 ROI 1695:1697 superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1650:1697 the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1610:1697 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 7 43 theme medial 1532:1537 arg1 cartilage 1559:1567 the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1490:1567 the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1490:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 2 44 theme controlled 475:484 arg1 trial 512:516 a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial 462:516 trial 512:516 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 44 theme controlled 475:484 arg1 RCT 519:521 RCT 519:521 RCT 519:521 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 0 45 from Quality 44:50 arg1 Women 55:59 Women 55:59 Women with Knee Osteoarthritis 55:84 Physical Activity Is Related with Cartilage Quality in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis. 28240703 10 46 theme postmenopausal 1996:2009 arg1 women 2011:2015 postmenopausal women 1996:2015 postmenopausal women with mild knee OA 1996:2033 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 2 47 dep age 372:374 arg1 yr 385:386 60 to 68 yr 376:386 age 60 to 68 yr 372:386 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 6 48 theme flexion 1228:1234 arg1 force 1236:1240 isometric knee extension and flexion force 1199:1240 isometric knee extension and flexion force 1199:1240 Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric knee extension and flexion force, and the knee injury and OA outcome questionnaire. 28240703 5 49 theme sensitive 950:958 arg1 mapping 942:948 transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping 910:948 transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 910:1145 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 10 50 from increases 1918:1926 arg1 content 1959:1965 estimated glycosaminoglycan content 1931:1965 estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA 1931:2033 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 8 51 theme P 1663:1663 arg1 0.004 1667:1671 P = 0.004 1663:1671 P = 0.004 1663:1671 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 2 52 theme Lawrence 417:424 arg1 I/II 426:429 Lawrence I/II 417:429 Lawrence I/II 417:429 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 5 53 dep network 994:1000 arg1 the 981:983 the 981:983 the 981:983 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 0 54 theme Physical 0:7 arg1 Activity 9:16 Physical Activity 0:16 Physical Activity 0:16 Physical Activity Is Related with Cartilage Quality in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis. 28240703 5 55 theme gadolinium-enhanced 1014:1032 arg1 resonance 1043:1051 gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance 1014:1051 delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 1006:1059 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 2 56 dep Kellgren 408:415 arg1 I/II 426:429 Lawrence I/II 417:429 Lawrence I/II 417:429 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 7 57 theme dGEMRIC 1423:1429 arg1 changes 1437:1443 increased dGEMRIC index changes 1413:1443 increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1413:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 9 58 theme other 1812:1816 arg1 variables 1827:1835 other measured variables 1812:1835 other measured variables 1812:1835 There was no linear relationship between LTPA level and other measured variables. 28240703 2 59 theme knee 399:402 arg1 Kellgren 408:415 Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain 408:443 Kellgren 408:415 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 59 theme knee 399:402 arg1 OA 404:405 mild knee OA 394:405 mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) 394:444 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 59 theme knee 399:402 arg1 pain 440:443 knee pain 435:443 knee pain 435:443 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 5 60 theme resonance 1043:1051 arg1 imaging 1053:1059 delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 1006:1059 delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 1006:1059 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 7 61 from changes 1437:1443 arg1 region 1462:1467 the posterior region 1448:1467 the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1448:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 7 62 theme increased 1413:1421 arg1 changes 1437:1443 increased dGEMRIC index changes 1413:1443 increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1413:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 7 63 theme = 1505:1505 arg1 P 1503:1503 P = 0.003 1503:1511 P = 0.003 1503:1511 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 5 64 theme collagen 985:992 arg1 network 994:1000 collagen network 985:1000 collagen network 985:1000 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 2 65 dep 68 382:383 arg1 to 379:380 to 379:380 to 379:380 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 1 66 with women 275:279 arg1 osteoarthritis 296:309 mild knee osteoarthritis 286:309 mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 286:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 1 66 with women 275:279 arg1 OA 312:313 OA 312:313 OA 312:313 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 3 67 theme Self-reported 598:610 arg1 LTPA 612:615 Self-reported LTPA 598:615 Self-reported LTPA 598:615 Self-reported LTPA was collected along the 12-month period using a diary from which MET task hours per month were calculated. 28240703 2 68 theme volunteer 340:348 arg1 women 365:369 87 volunteer postmenopausal women 337:369 87 volunteer postmenopausal women 337:369 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 68 theme volunteer 340:348 arg1 age 372:374 age 372:374 age 60 to 68 yr 372:386 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 6 69 theme OA 1267:1268 arg1 questionnaire 1278:1290 OA outcome questionnaire 1267:1290 OA outcome questionnaire 1267:1290 Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric knee extension and flexion force, and the knee injury and OA outcome questionnaire. 28240703 2 70 with women 365:369 arg1 Kellgren 408:415 Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain 408:443 Kellgren 408:415 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 70 with women 365:369 arg1 OA 404:405 mild knee OA 394:405 mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) 394:444 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 70 with women 365:369 arg1 pain 440:443 knee pain 435:443 knee pain 435:443 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 5 71 theme cartilage 880:888 arg1 composition 861:871 The biochemical composition 845:871 The biochemical composition of the cartilage 845:888 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 3 72 theme 12-month 641:648 arg1 period 650:655 the 12-month period 637:655 the 12-month period using a diary from which MET task hours per month were calculated 637:721 Self-reported LTPA was collected along the 12-month period using a diary from which MET task hours per month were calculated. 28240703 5 73 theme dGEMRIC 1079:1085 arg1 cartilage 1068:1076 the cartilage 1064:1076 the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 1064:1145 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 5 73 theme dGEMRIC 1079:1085 arg1 index 1087:1091 dGEMRIC index 1079:1091 dGEMRIC index 1079:1091 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 4 74 theme task 759:762 arg1 tertiles 769:776 MET task hour tertiles 755:776 MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26) 755:842 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 1 75 theme tibiofemoral 234:245 arg1 cartilage 247:255 tibiofemoral cartilage 234:255 tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 234:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 7 76 theme significant 1351:1361 arg1 relationship 1370:1381 a significant linear relationship 1349:1381 a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1349:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 5 77 theme biochemical 849:859 arg1 composition 861:871 The biochemical composition 845:871 The biochemical composition of the cartilage 845:888 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 6 78 theme knee 1251:1254 arg1 injury 1256:1261 the knee injury 1247:1261 the knee injury 1247:1261 Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric knee extension and flexion force, and the knee injury and OA outcome questionnaire. 28240703 1 79 theme cartilage 247:255 arg1 composition 219:229 estimated biochemical composition 197:229 estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 197:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 4 80 theme = 792:792 arg1 n 790:790 n = 25 790:795 n = 25 790:795 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 4 80 theme = 792:792 arg1 lowest 782:787 lowest 782:787 lowest 782:787 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 5 81 theme cartilage 1068:1076 arg1 network 994:1000 collagen network 985:1000 collagen network 985:1000 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 5 81 theme cartilage 1068:1076 arg1 imaging 1053:1059 delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 1006:1059 delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 1006:1059 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 7 82 theme 12-month 1312:1319 arg1 period 1331:1336 the 12-month follow-up period 1308:1336 the 12-month follow-up period 1308:1336 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 10 83 theme higher 1877:1882 arg1 level 1889:1893 higher LTPA level 1877:1893 higher LTPA level 1877:1893 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 3 84 theme task 686:689 arg1 hours 691:695 MET task hours 682:695 MET task hours per month 682:705 Self-reported LTPA was collected along the 12-month period using a diary from which MET task hours per month were calculated. 28240703 8 85 theme = 1686:1686 arg1 0.007 1688:1692 P = 0.007 1684:1692 P = 0.007 1684:1692 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 0 86 with Women 55:59 arg1 Osteoarthritis 71:84 Knee Osteoarthritis 66:84 Knee Osteoarthritis 66:84 Physical Activity Is Related with Cartilage Quality in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis. 28240703 1 87 theme LTPA 170:173 arg1 level 176:180 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level 129:180 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level 129:180 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 7 88 theme follow-up 1321:1329 arg1 period 1331:1336 the 12-month follow-up period 1308:1336 the 12-month follow-up period 1308:1336 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 2 89 theme follow-up 580:588 arg1 period 590:595 the 12-month postintervention follow-up period 550:595 the 12-month postintervention follow-up period 550:595 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 10 90 theme LTPA 1884:1887 arg1 level 1889:1893 higher LTPA level 1877:1893 higher LTPA level 1877:1893 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 8 91 theme < 1746:1746 arg1 P 1744:1744 P < 0.001 1744:1752 P < 0.001 1744:1752 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 8 91 theme < 1746:1746 arg1 ROI 1739:1741 the posterior medial superficial ROI 1706:1741 the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001) 1706:1753 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 2 92 theme 12-month 554:561 arg1 period 590:595 the 12-month postintervention follow-up period 550:595 the 12-month postintervention follow-up period 550:595 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 10 93 dep CONCLUSIONS 1838:1848 arg1 suggest 1864:1870 suggest 1864:1870 suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period 1864:2089 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 7 94 theme higher 1391:1396 arg1 level 1403:1407 higher LTPA level 1391:1407 higher LTPA level 1391:1407 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 8 95 dep superficial 1650:1660 arg1 0.007 1688:1692 P = 0.007 1684:1692 P = 0.007 1684:1692 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 8 95 dep superficial 1650:1660 arg1 0.004 1667:1671 P = 0.004 1663:1671 P = 0.004 1663:1671 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 1 96 from women 275:279 arg1 composition 219:229 estimated biochemical composition 197:229 estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 197:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 4 97 dep 1 779:779 arg1 n 836:836 n = 26 836:841 n = 26 836:841 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 4 97 dep 1 779:779 arg1 2 799:799 2 799:799 2 799:799 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 4 97 dep 1 779:779 arg1 3 823:823 3 823:823 3 823:823 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 6 98 theme knee 1209:1212 arg1 extension 1214:1222 knee extension 1209:1222 knee extension 1209:1222 Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric knee extension and flexion force, and the knee injury and OA outcome questionnaire. 28240703 5 99 theme time 932:935 arg1 mapping 942:948 transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping 910:948 transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 910:1145 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 4 100 dep tertiles 769:776 arg1 lowest 782:787 lowest 782:787 lowest 782:787 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 4 100 dep tertiles 769:776 arg1 1 779:779 1 779:779 1 779:779 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 2 101 theme aquatic 495:501 arg1 trial 512:516 a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial 462:516 trial 512:516 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 101 theme aquatic 495:501 arg1 RCT 519:521 RCT 519:521 RCT 519:521 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 8 102 theme medial 1720:1725 arg1 P 1744:1744 P < 0.001 1744:1752 P < 0.001 1744:1752 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 8 102 theme medial 1720:1725 arg1 ROI 1739:1741 the posterior medial superficial ROI 1706:1741 the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001) 1706:1753 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 7 103 dep RESULTS 1293:1299 arg1 was 1345:1347 was 1345:1347 was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1345:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 10 104 theme estimated 1931:1939 arg1 content 1959:1965 estimated glycosaminoglycan content 1931:1965 estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA 1931:2033 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 6 105 theme cardiorespiratory 1172:1188 arg1 fitness 1190:1196 cardiorespiratory fitness 1172:1196 cardiorespiratory fitness 1172:1196 Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric knee extension and flexion force, and the knee injury and OA outcome questionnaire. 28240703 10 106 theme regional 1909:1916 arg1 increases 1918:1926 regional increases 1909:1926 regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA 1909:2033 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 10 107 with women 2011:2015 arg1 OA 2032:2033 mild knee OA 2022:2033 mild knee OA 2022:2033 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 5 108 theme transverse 910:919 arg1 time 932:935 transverse relaxation time 910:935 transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 910:1145 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 5 108 theme transverse 910:919 arg1 T2 938:939 T2 938:939 T2 938:939 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 1 109 theme leisure-time 138:149 arg1 level 176:180 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level 129:180 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level 129:180 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 7 110 theme cartilage 1559:1567 arg1 ROI 1482:1484 ROI 1482:1484 ROI 1482:1484 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 7 110 theme cartilage 1559:1567 arg1 interest 1472:1479 interest 1472:1479 interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1472:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 7 111 theme posterior 1452:1460 arg1 region 1462:1467 the posterior region 1448:1467 the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1448:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 10 112 theme tibiofemoral 1970:1981 arg1 cartilage 1983:1991 tibiofemoral cartilage 1970:1991 tibiofemoral cartilage 1970:1991 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 4 113 dep = 801:801 arg1 middle 803:808 middle 803:808 middle 803:808 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 7 114 dep lateral 1494:1500 arg1 P 1540:1540 P = 0.006 1540:1548 P = 0.006 1540:1548 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 7 114 dep lateral 1494:1500 arg1 P 1503:1503 P = 0.003 1503:1511 P = 0.003 1503:1511 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 1 115 theme activity 160:167 arg1 level 176:180 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level 129:180 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level 129:180 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 4 116 theme = 838:838 arg1 n 836:836 n = 26 836:841 n = 26 836:841 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 4 116 theme = 838:838 arg1 2 799:799 2 799:799 2 799:799 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 10 117 theme mild 2022:2025 arg1 OA 2032:2033 mild knee OA 2022:2033 mild knee OA 2022:2033 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 5 118 theme cartilage 1111:1119 arg1 content 1139:1145 the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 1107:1145 the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 1107:1145 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 8 119 theme lateral 1624:1630 arg1 cartilage 1640:1648 the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1610:1697 the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI 1610:1697 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 7 120 theme = 1542:1542 arg1 P 1540:1540 P = 0.006 1540:1548 P = 0.006 1540:1548 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 7 121 theme index 1431:1435 arg1 changes 1437:1443 increased dGEMRIC index changes 1413:1443 increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage 1413:1567 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 2 122 theme randomized 464:473 arg1 trial 512:516 a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial 462:516 trial 512:516 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 122 theme randomized 464:473 arg1 RCT 519:521 RCT 519:521 RCT 519:521 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 9 123 theme LTPA 1797:1800 arg1 level 1802:1806 LTPA level 1797:1806 LTPA level 1797:1806 There was no linear relationship between LTPA level and other measured variables. 28240703 5 124 theme magnetic 1034:1041 arg1 resonance 1043:1051 gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance 1014:1051 delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 1006:1059 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 8 125 theme = 1665:1665 arg1 0.004 1667:1671 P = 0.004 1663:1671 P = 0.004 1663:1671 Furthermore, these changes were seen in the posterior lateral femoral cartilage superficial (P = 0.004) and deep (P = 0.007) ROI and in the posterior medial superficial ROI (P < 0.001). 28240703 9 126 theme measured 1818:1825 arg1 variables 1827:1835 other measured variables 1812:1835 other measured variables 1812:1835 There was no linear relationship between LTPA level and other measured variables. 28240703 2 127 theme mild 394:397 arg1 Kellgren 408:415 Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain 408:443 Kellgren 408:415 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 127 theme mild 394:397 arg1 OA 404:405 mild knee OA 394:405 mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) 394:444 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 127 theme mild 394:397 arg1 pain 440:443 knee pain 435:443 knee pain 435:443 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 0 128 theme Cartilage 34:42 arg1 Quality 44:50 Cartilage Quality 34:50 Cartilage Quality in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis 34:84 Physical Activity Is Related with Cartilage Quality in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis. 28240703 5 129 theme imaging 1053:1059 arg1 properties 967:976 the properties 963:976 the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 963:1145 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 1 130 theme estimated 197:205 arg1 composition 219:229 estimated biochemical composition 197:229 estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) 197:314 PURPOSE To study the relationship between 12-month leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and changes in estimated biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). 28240703 2 131 theme knee 435:438 arg1 OA 404:405 mild knee OA 394:405 mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) 394:444 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 2 131 theme knee 435:438 arg1 pain 440:443 knee pain 435:443 knee pain 435:443 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 4 132 theme hour 764:767 arg1 tertiles 769:776 MET task hour tertiles 755:776 MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26) 755:842 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 0 133 with Related 21:27 arg1 Quality 44:50 Cartilage Quality 34:50 Cartilage Quality in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis 34:84 Physical Activity Is Related with Cartilage Quality in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis. 28240703 6 134 theme outcome 1270:1276 arg1 questionnaire 1278:1290 OA outcome questionnaire 1267:1290 OA outcome questionnaire 1267:1290 Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric knee extension and flexion force, and the knee injury and OA outcome questionnaire. 28240703 5 135 theme network 994:1000 arg1 properties 967:976 the properties 963:976 the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 963:1145 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 2 136 dep participated 446:457 arg1 completed 540:548 completed 540:548 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period 540:595 METHODS Originally, 87 volunteer postmenopausal women, age 60 to 68 yr, with mild knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence I/II and knee pain) participated in a randomized controlled, 4-month aquatic training trial (RCT), after which 76 completed the 12-month postintervention follow-up period. 28240703 10 137 theme 12-month 2075:2082 arg1 period 2084:2089 a 12-month period 2073:2089 a 12-month period 2073:2089 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher LTPA level is related to regional increases in estimated glycosaminoglycan content of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA as measured with dGEMRIC index during a 12-month period. 28240703 5 138 theme delayed 1006:1012 arg1 imaging 1053:1059 delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 1006:1059 delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 1006:1059 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 7 139 theme LTPA 1398:1401 arg1 level 1403:1407 higher LTPA level 1391:1407 higher LTPA level 1391:1407 RESULTS During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant linear relationship between higher LTPA level and increased dGEMRIC index changes in the posterior region of interest (ROI) of the lateral (P = 0.003 for linearity) and medial (P = 0.006) femoral cartilage. 28240703 4 140 theme MET 755:757 arg1 tertiles 769:776 MET task hour tertiles 755:776 MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26) 755:842 Participants were divided into MET task hour tertiles: 1, lowest (n = 25); 2 = middle (n = 25) and 3 = highest (n = 26). 28240703 5 141 theme sensitive 1094:1102 arg1 cartilage 1068:1076 the cartilage 1064:1076 the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content 1064:1145 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 28240703 5 141 theme sensitive 1094:1102 arg1 index 1087:1091 dGEMRIC index 1079:1091 dGEMRIC index 1079:1091 The biochemical composition of the cartilage was estimated using transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping sensitive to the properties of the collagen network and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC index) sensitive to the cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. 24747720 0 0 theme bull 76:79 arg1 spermatozoa 81:91 freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 63:91 freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 63:91 Adverse effect of cake collapse on the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 1 1 theme cake-like 154:162 arg1 structure 171:179 a cake-like porous structure 152:179 a cake-like porous structure 152:179 Under optimal freeze-drying conditions, solutions exhibit a cake-like porous structure. 24747720 5 2 dep -27.7°C 950:956 arg1 up 944:945 up 944:945 up 944:945 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 24747720 0 3 theme freeze-dried 63:74 arg1 spermatozoa 81:91 freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 63:91 freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 63:91 Adverse effect of cake collapse on the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 0 4 from effect 8:13 arg1 integrity 50:58 the functional integrity 35:58 the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 35:91 Adverse effect of cake collapse on the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 6 5 theme non-collapsed 1169:1181 arg1 cake 1183:1186 non-collapsed cake 1169:1186 non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C) 1169:1214 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 5 6 theme buffer 825:830 arg1 composition 832:842 the EGTA buffer composition 816:842 the EGTA buffer composition 816:842 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 24747720 1 7 theme porous 164:169 arg1 structure 171:179 a cake-like porous structure 152:179 a cake-like porous structure 152:179 Under optimal freeze-drying conditions, solutions exhibit a cake-like porous structure. 24747720 4 8 theme preliminary 543:553 arg1 experiment 555:564 a preliminary experiment 541:564 a preliminary experiment 541:564 In a preliminary experiment, factors affecting the Tg' of conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) were investigated in order to establish the main experimental protocol because EGTA buffer Tg' was too low (-45.0°C) to suppress collapse. 24747720 6 9 theme blastocyst 983:992 arg1 yields 994:999 blastocyst yields 983:999 blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) 983:1109 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 7 10 theme cake 1245:1248 arg1 collapse 1250:1257 freeze-dried cake collapse 1232:1257 freeze-dried cake collapse 1232:1257 In conclusion, freeze-dried cake collapse may be undesirable for maintaining sperm functions to support embryonic development, and can be inhibited by controlling both Tg' of freeze-drying buffer and temperature during the drying phase. 24747720 2 11 theme phase 304:308 arg1 temperature 255:265 the glass transition temperature 234:265 the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase 234:334 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 6 12 theme sperm 1043:1047 arg1 injection 1017:1025 ooplasmic injection 1007:1025 ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) 1007:1109 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 3 13 theme bull 520:523 arg1 spermatozoa 525:535 freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 507:535 freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 507:535 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cake collapse on the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 0 14 theme spermatozoa 81:91 arg1 integrity 50:58 the functional integrity 35:58 the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 35:91 Adverse effect of cake collapse on the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 2 15 theme freeze-concentrated 284:302 arg1 Tg 311:312 Tg' 311:313 Tg' 311:313 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 2 15 theme freeze-concentrated 284:302 arg1 phase 304:308 the maximally freeze-concentrated phase 270:308 the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') 270:314 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 2 16 theme glassy 341:346 arg1 matrix 348:353 the glassy matrix 337:353 the glassy matrix 337:353 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 7 17 from conclusion 1220:1229 arg1 undesirable 1266:1276 undesirable 1266:1276 undesirable 1266:1276 In conclusion, freeze-dried cake collapse may be undesirable for maintaining sperm functions to support embryonic development, and can be inhibited by controlling both Tg' of freeze-drying buffer and temperature during the drying phase. 24747720 7 18 theme sperm 1294:1298 arg1 functions 1300:1308 sperm functions 1294:1308 sperm functions 1294:1308 In conclusion, freeze-dried cake collapse may be undesirable for maintaining sperm functions to support embryonic development, and can be inhibited by controlling both Tg' of freeze-drying buffer and temperature during the drying phase. 24747720 6 19 dep cake 1183:1186 arg1 temperature 1196:1206 drying temperature 1189:1206 drying temperature: -30°C 1189:1213 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 6 20 theme freeze-dried 1030:1041 arg1 sperm 1043:1047 freeze-dried sperm 1030:1047 freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) 1030:1109 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 6 21 dep cakes 1072:1076 arg1 temperature 1086:1096 drying temperature 1079:1096 drying temperature: 0 or -15°C 1079:1108 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 5 22 theme mEGTA 899:903 arg1 trehalose 888:896 trehalose 888:896 trehalose (mEGTA buffer) 888:911 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 24747720 5 22 theme mEGTA 899:903 arg1 buffer 905:910 mEGTA buffer 899:910 mEGTA buffer 899:910 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 24747720 7 23 theme drying 1440:1445 arg1 phase 1447:1451 the drying phase 1436:1451 the drying phase 1436:1451 In conclusion, freeze-dried cake collapse may be undesirable for maintaining sperm functions to support embryonic development, and can be inhibited by controlling both Tg' of freeze-drying buffer and temperature during the drying phase. 24747720 5 24 theme composition 832:842 arg1 Modification 800:811 Modification 800:811 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) 800:911 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 24747720 6 25 theme main 966:969 arg1 experiment 971:980 the main experiment 962:980 the main experiment 962:980 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 6 26 theme collapsed 1062:1070 arg1 cakes 1072:1076 collapsed cakes 1062:1076 collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) 1062:1109 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 5 27 theme NaCl 867:870 arg1 addition 876:883 addition 876:883 addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) 876:911 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 24747720 5 27 theme NaCl 867:870 arg1 removal 856:862 complete removal 847:862 complete removal of NaCl 847:870 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 24747720 4 28 theme buffer 614:619 arg1 Tg 589:590 the Tg' 585:591 the Tg' of conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) 585:659 In a preliminary experiment, factors affecting the Tg' of conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) were investigated in order to establish the main experimental protocol because EGTA buffer Tg' was too low (-45.0°C) to suppress collapse. 24747720 0 29 theme Adverse 0:6 arg1 effect 8:13 Adverse effect 0:13 Adverse effect of cake collapse on the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 0:92 Adverse effect of cake collapse on the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 7 30 theme embryonic 1321:1329 arg1 development 1331:1341 embryonic development 1321:1341 embryonic development 1321:1341 In conclusion, freeze-dried cake collapse may be undesirable for maintaining sperm functions to support embryonic development, and can be inhibited by controlling both Tg' of freeze-drying buffer and temperature during the drying phase. 24747720 3 31 from effect 463:468 arg1 integrity 494:502 the integrity 490:502 the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 490:535 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cake collapse on the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 7 32 theme freeze-dried 1232:1243 arg1 collapse 1250:1257 freeze-dried cake collapse 1232:1257 freeze-dried cake collapse 1232:1257 In conclusion, freeze-dried cake collapse may be undesirable for maintaining sperm functions to support embryonic development, and can be inhibited by controlling both Tg' of freeze-drying buffer and temperature during the drying phase. 24747720 4 33 theme experimental 710:721 arg1 protocol 723:730 the main experimental protocol 701:730 the main experimental protocol 701:730 In a preliminary experiment, factors affecting the Tg' of conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) were investigated in order to establish the main experimental protocol because EGTA buffer Tg' was too low (-45.0°C) to suppress collapse. 24747720 2 34 theme viscous 365:371 arg1 flow 373:376 viscous flow 365:376 viscous flow 365:376 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 0 35 theme cake 18:21 arg1 collapse 23:30 cake collapse 18:30 cake collapse 18:30 Adverse effect of cake collapse on the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 3 36 theme spermatozoa 525:535 arg1 integrity 494:502 the integrity 490:502 the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 490:535 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cake collapse on the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 4 37 theme conventional 596:607 arg1 buffer 614:619 conventional EGTA buffer 596:619 conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) 596:659 In a preliminary experiment, factors affecting the Tg' of conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) were investigated in order to establish the main experimental protocol because EGTA buffer Tg' was too low (-45.0°C) to suppress collapse. 24747720 6 38 dep temperature 1196:1206 arg1 -30°C 1209:1213 -30°C 1209:1213 drying temperature: -30°C 1189:1213 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 6 39 dep temperature 1086:1096 arg1 -15°C 1104:1108 -15°C 1104:1108 -15°C 1104:1108 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 6 39 dep temperature 1086:1096 arg1 0 1099:1099 0 1099:1099 0 1099:1099 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 1 40 theme optimal 100:106 arg1 conditions 122:131 optimal freeze-drying conditions 100:131 optimal freeze-drying conditions 100:131 Under optimal freeze-drying conditions, solutions exhibit a cake-like porous structure. 24747720 4 41 dep low 764:766 arg1 -45.0°C 769:775 -45.0°C 769:775 -45.0°C 769:775 In a preliminary experiment, factors affecting the Tg' of conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) were investigated in order to establish the main experimental protocol because EGTA buffer Tg' was too low (-45.0°C) to suppress collapse. 24747720 3 42 theme cake 473:476 arg1 collapse 478:485 cake collapse 473:485 cake collapse 473:485 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cake collapse on the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 5 43 theme trehalose 888:896 arg1 addition 876:883 addition 876:883 addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) 876:911 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 24747720 5 43 theme trehalose 888:896 arg1 removal 856:862 complete removal 847:862 complete removal of NaCl 847:870 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 24747720 3 44 theme present 426:432 arg1 study 434:438 the present study 422:438 the present study 422:438 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cake collapse on the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 7 45 from undesirable 1266:1276 arg1 conclusion 1220:1229 conclusion 1220:1229 conclusion 1220:1229 In conclusion, freeze-dried cake collapse may be undesirable for maintaining sperm functions to support embryonic development, and can be inhibited by controlling both Tg' of freeze-drying buffer and temperature during the drying phase. 24747720 2 46 theme cake 392:395 arg1 collapse 397:404 cake collapse 392:404 cake collapse 392:404 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 0 47 theme collapse 23:30 arg1 effect 8:13 Adverse effect 0:13 Adverse effect of cake collapse on the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 0:92 Adverse effect of cake collapse on the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 4 48 theme main 705:708 arg1 protocol 723:730 the main experimental protocol 701:730 the main experimental protocol 701:730 In a preliminary experiment, factors affecting the Tg' of conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) were investigated in order to establish the main experimental protocol because EGTA buffer Tg' was too low (-45.0°C) to suppress collapse. 24747720 3 49 theme study 434:438 arg1 purpose 411:417 The purpose 407:417 The purpose of the present study 407:438 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cake collapse on the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 0 50 theme functional 39:48 arg1 integrity 50:58 the functional integrity 35:58 the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 35:91 Adverse effect of cake collapse on the functional integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 1 51 theme freeze-drying 108:120 arg1 conditions 122:131 optimal freeze-drying conditions 100:131 optimal freeze-drying conditions 100:131 Under optimal freeze-drying conditions, solutions exhibit a cake-like porous structure. 24747720 6 52 theme drying 1079:1084 arg1 temperature 1086:1096 drying temperature 1079:1096 drying temperature: 0 or -15°C 1079:1108 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 7 53 theme freeze-drying 1392:1404 arg1 buffer 1406:1411 freeze-drying buffer 1392:1411 freeze-drying buffer 1392:1411 In conclusion, freeze-dried cake collapse may be undesirable for maintaining sperm functions to support embryonic development, and can be inhibited by controlling both Tg' of freeze-drying buffer and temperature during the drying phase. 24747720 3 54 theme collapse 478:485 arg1 effect 463:468 the effect 459:468 the effect of cake collapse on the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 459:535 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cake collapse on the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 5 55 theme complete 847:854 arg1 removal 856:862 complete removal 847:862 complete removal of NaCl 847:870 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 24747720 6 56 theme drying 1189:1194 arg1 temperature 1196:1206 drying temperature 1189:1206 drying temperature: -30°C 1189:1213 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 2 57 theme solution 198:205 arg1 higher 222:227 higher 222:227 higher 222:227 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 2 57 theme solution 198:205 arg1 temperature 207:217 the solution temperature 194:217 the solution temperature 194:217 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 4 58 theme buffer 745:750 arg1 Tg 752:753 buffer Tg' 745:754 EGTA buffer Tg' 740:754 In a preliminary experiment, factors affecting the Tg' of conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) were investigated in order to establish the main experimental protocol because EGTA buffer Tg' was too low (-45.0°C) to suppress collapse. 24747720 2 59 theme drying 323:328 arg1 phase 330:334 drying phase 323:334 drying phase 323:334 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 3 60 theme freeze-dried 507:518 arg1 spermatozoa 525:535 freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 507:535 freeze-dried bull spermatozoa 507:535 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cake collapse on the integrity of freeze-dried bull spermatozoa. 24747720 6 61 theme ooplasmic 1007:1015 arg1 injection 1017:1025 ooplasmic injection 1007:1025 ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) 1007:1109 In the main experiment, blastocyst yields after ooplasmic injection of freeze-dried sperm preserved in collapsed cakes (drying temperature: 0 or -15°C) were significantly lower than those of sperm preserved in non-collapsed cake (drying temperature: -30°C). 24747720 4 62 theme EGTA 609:612 arg1 buffer 614:619 conventional EGTA buffer 596:619 conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) 596:659 In a preliminary experiment, factors affecting the Tg' of conventional EGTA buffer (consisting of Tris-HCl, EGTA and NaCl) were investigated in order to establish the main experimental protocol because EGTA buffer Tg' was too low (-45.0°C) to suppress collapse. 24747720 2 63 theme transition 244:253 arg1 temperature 255:265 the glass transition temperature 234:265 the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase 234:334 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 2 64 theme glass 238:242 arg1 temperature 255:265 the glass transition temperature 234:265 the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase 234:334 However, if the solution temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase (Tg') during drying phase, the glassy matrix undergoes viscous flow, resulting in cake collapse. 24747720 7 65 theme buffer 1406:1411 arg1 Tg 1385:1386 Tg' 1385:1387 Tg' of freeze-drying buffer 1385:1411 In conclusion, freeze-dried cake collapse may be undesirable for maintaining sperm functions to support embryonic development, and can be inhibited by controlling both Tg' of freeze-drying buffer and temperature during the drying phase. 24747720 7 65 theme buffer 1406:1411 arg1 temperature 1417:1427 temperature 1417:1427 temperature 1417:1427 In conclusion, freeze-dried cake collapse may be undesirable for maintaining sperm functions to support embryonic development, and can be inhibited by controlling both Tg' of freeze-drying buffer and temperature during the drying phase. 24747720 5 66 theme EGTA 820:823 arg1 composition 832:842 the EGTA buffer composition 816:842 the EGTA buffer composition 816:842 Modification of the EGTA buffer composition by complete removal of NaCl and addition of trehalose (mEGTA buffer) resulted in an increase of Tg' up to -27.7°C. 25275485 4 0 theme complex 583:589 arg1 formation 545:553 The formation 541:553 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex 541:589 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 10 1 theme MTT 1418:1420 arg1 assay 1422:1426 the MTT assay 1414:1426 the MTT assay with a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1414:1466 The cytotoxicity of each formulation was measured using the MTT assay with a human oral cancer cell (KB cell). 25275485 2 2 theme ovarian 356:362 arg1 breast 365:370 ovarian, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer 356:402 breast 365:370 The anticancer agent paclitaxel is usually used to treat ovarian, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer. 25275485 1 3 theme polyethylene 273:284 arg1 PEO 293:295 PEO 293:295 PEO 293:295 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 1 3 theme polyethylene 273:284 arg1 oxide 286:290 the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide 248:290 the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) 248:296 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 12 4 theme in 1620:1621 arg1 release 1629:1635 The in vitro release 1616:1635 The in vitro release 1616:1635 The in vitro release was sustained and the release rate was slowed by the addition of the mucoadhesive polymer. 25275485 10 5 theme cancer 1446:1451 arg1 cell 1462:1465 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 The cytotoxicity of each formulation was measured using the MTT assay with a human oral cancer cell (KB cell). 25275485 14 6 dep in 1988:1989 arg1 vitro 1991:1995 vitro 1991:1995 vitro 1991:1995 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 2 7 theme non-small-cell 377:390 arg1 cancer 397:402 ovarian, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer 356:402 cancer 397:402 The anticancer agent paclitaxel is usually used to treat ovarian, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer. 25275485 8 8 theme sol-gel 1121:1127 arg1 temperature 1140:1150 The sol-gel transition temperature 1117:1150 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogels 1117:1167 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogels was measured using the tube-inverting method. 25275485 10 9 theme human 1435:1439 arg1 cell 1462:1465 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 The cytotoxicity of each formulation was measured using the MTT assay with a human oral cancer cell (KB cell). 25275485 3 10 with complex 486:492 arg1 DMβCD 533:537 DMβCD 533:537 DMβCD 533:537 To improve its aqueous solubility, paclitaxel was incorporated into an inclusion complex with (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD). 25275485 3 10 with complex 486:492 arg1 -β-cyclodextrin 516:530 (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin 499:530 (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD) 499:538 To improve its aqueous solubility, paclitaxel was incorporated into an inclusion complex with (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD). 25275485 4 11 theme Fourier-transform 669:685 arg1 spectrophotometry 704:720 Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry 669:720 Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry 669:720 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 13 12 theme drug-loaded 1792:1802 arg1 hydrogel 1804:1811 the drug-loaded hydrogel 1788:1811 the drug-loaded hydrogel 1788:1811 The cytotoxicity of the blank formulation was low, although the drug-loaded hydrogel showed acceptable cytotoxicity. 25275485 1 13 theme polymer 214:220 arg1 F127 231:234 the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 194:234 the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) 194:242 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 1 13 theme polymer 214:220 arg1 PF127 237:241 PF127 237:241 PF127 237:241 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 4 14 theme x-ray 641:645 arg1 diffractometry 647:660 x-ray diffractometry 641:660 x-ray diffractometry (XRD) 641:666 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 4 14 theme x-ray 641:645 arg1 XRD 663:665 XRD 663:665 XRD 663:665 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 14 15 theme paclitaxel 2029:2038 arg1 effect 2019:2024 cytotoxic effect 2009:2024 cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel 2009:2038 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 14 15 theme paclitaxel 2029:2038 arg1 release 1997:2003 the in vitro release 1984:2003 the in vitro release 1984:2003 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 2 16 theme anticancer 303:312 arg1 paclitaxel 320:329 The anticancer agent paclitaxel 299:329 The anticancer agent paclitaxel 299:329 The anticancer agent paclitaxel is usually used to treat ovarian, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer. 25275485 9 17 theme phosphate-buffered 1307:1324 arg1 buffer 1341:1346 pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer 1300:1346 pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C 1300:1355 Drug release from the hydrogels was measured using a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C. 25275485 14 18 theme formulation 1939:1949 arg1 combination 1887:1897 the combination 1883:1897 the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes 1883:1973 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 13 19 theme acceptable 1820:1829 arg1 cytotoxicity 1831:1842 acceptable cytotoxicity 1820:1842 acceptable cytotoxicity 1820:1842 The cytotoxicity of the blank formulation was low, although the drug-loaded hydrogel showed acceptable cytotoxicity. 25275485 8 20 theme tube-inverting 1192:1205 arg1 method 1207:1212 the tube-inverting method 1188:1212 the tube-inverting method 1188:1212 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogels was measured using the tube-inverting method. 25275485 4 21 theme scanning 736:743 arg1 DSC 758:760 DSC 758:760 DSC 758:760 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 4 21 theme scanning 736:743 arg1 calorimetry 745:755 differential scanning calorimetry 723:755 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 723:761 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 6 22 dep water 923:927 arg1 stored 954:959 stored 954:959 stored overnight in a refrigerator at 4 °C. PEO was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1% (w/v) 954:1064 Concentrations of 18, 20, and 23% (w/v) PF127 were dissolved in distilled water including paclitaxel and stored overnight in a refrigerator at 4 °C. PEO was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1% (w/v). 25275485 6 22 dep water 923:927 arg1 including 929:937 including 929:937 including paclitaxel 929:948 Concentrations of 18, 20, and 23% (w/v) PF127 were dissolved in distilled water including paclitaxel and stored overnight in a refrigerator at 4 °C. PEO was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1% (w/v). 25275485 11 23 theme mucoadhesive 1593:1604 arg1 polymers 1606:1613 mucoadhesive polymers 1593:1613 mucoadhesive polymers 1593:1613 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogel decreased when PF127 was present and varied according to the presence of mucoadhesive polymers. 25275485 0 24 theme buccal 94:99 arg1 delivery 101:108 buccal delivery 94:108 buccal delivery 94:108 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 25275485 1 25 theme paclitaxel 161:170 arg1 system 181:186 a buccal paclitaxel delivery system 152:186 a buccal paclitaxel delivery system 152:186 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 14 26 theme in 1988:1989 arg1 release 1997:2003 the in vitro release 1984:2003 the in vitro release 1984:2003 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 12 27 dep in 1620:1621 arg1 vitro 1623:1627 vitro 1623:1627 vitro 1623:1627 The in vitro release was sustained and the release rate was slowed by the addition of the mucoadhesive polymer. 25275485 4 28 theme electron 777:784 arg1 SEM 798:800 SEM 798:800 SEM 798:800 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 4 28 theme electron 777:784 arg1 microscopy 786:795 scanning electron microscopy 768:795 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 768:801 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 9 29 theme Drug 1215:1218 arg1 release 1220:1226 Drug release 1215:1226 Drug release from the hydrogels 1215:1245 Drug release from the hydrogels was measured using a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C. 25275485 14 30 theme study 1864:1868 arg1 results 1849:1855 The results 1845:1855 The results of our study 1845:1868 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 14 31 theme inclusion 1955:1963 arg1 complexes 1965:1973 inclusion complexes 1955:1973 inclusion complexes 1955:1973 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 2 32 used used 342:345 arg2 paclitaxel 320:329 The anticancer agent paclitaxel 299:329 The anticancer agent paclitaxel 299:329 The anticancer agent paclitaxel is usually used to treat ovarian, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer. 25275485 3 33 theme aqueous 420:426 arg1 solubility 428:437 its aqueous solubility 416:437 its aqueous solubility 416:437 To improve its aqueous solubility, paclitaxel was incorporated into an inclusion complex with (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD). 25275485 0 34 theme Thermosensitive 0:14 arg1 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 25275485 0 34 theme Thermosensitive 0:14 arg1 composites 41:50 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites 0:50 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 0:109 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 25275485 10 35 theme formulation 1383:1393 arg1 cytotoxicity 1362:1373 The cytotoxicity 1358:1373 The cytotoxicity of each formulation 1358:1393 The cytotoxicity of each formulation was measured using the MTT assay with a human oral cancer cell (KB cell). 25275485 0 36 theme mucoadhesive 20:31 arg1 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 25275485 0 36 theme mucoadhesive 20:31 arg1 composites 41:50 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites 0:50 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 0:109 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 25275485 12 37 theme mucoadhesive 1706:1717 arg1 polymer 1719:1725 the mucoadhesive polymer 1702:1725 the mucoadhesive polymer 1702:1725 The in vitro release was sustained and the release rate was slowed by the addition of the mucoadhesive polymer. 25275485 1 38 theme study 131:135 arg1 purpose 115:121 The purpose 111:121 The purpose of this study 111:135 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 14 39 theme mucoadhesive 1917:1928 arg1 formulation 1939:1949 a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation 1902:1949 a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation 1902:1949 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 14 40 theme PF 1904:1905 arg1 formulation 1939:1949 a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation 1902:1949 a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation 1902:1949 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 0 41 theme paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 arg1 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 25275485 0 41 theme paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 arg1 composites 41:50 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites 0:50 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 0:109 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 25275485 3 42 theme inclusion 476:484 arg1 complex 486:492 an inclusion complex 473:492 an inclusion complex with (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD) 473:538 To improve its aqueous solubility, paclitaxel was incorporated into an inclusion complex with (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD). 25275485 9 43 theme diffusion 1274:1282 arg1 cell 1284:1287 a Franz diffusion cell 1266:1287 a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C 1266:1355 Drug release from the hydrogels was measured using a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C. 25275485 11 44 theme transition 1481:1490 arg1 temperature 1492:1502 The sol-gel transition temperature 1469:1502 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogel 1469:1518 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogel decreased when PF127 was present and varied according to the presence of mucoadhesive polymers. 25275485 12 45 theme release 1659:1665 arg1 rate 1667:1670 the release rate 1655:1670 the release rate 1655:1670 The in vitro release was sustained and the release rate was slowed by the addition of the mucoadhesive polymer. 25275485 11 46 theme hydrogel 1511:1518 arg1 temperature 1492:1502 The sol-gel transition temperature 1469:1502 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogel 1469:1518 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogel decreased when PF127 was present and varied according to the presence of mucoadhesive polymers. 25275485 3 47 theme 2,6-di-O-methyl 500:514 arg1 DMβCD 533:537 DMβCD 533:537 DMβCD 533:537 To improve its aqueous solubility, paclitaxel was incorporated into an inclusion complex with (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD). 25275485 3 47 theme 2,6-di-O-methyl 500:514 arg1 -β-cyclodextrin 516:530 (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin 499:530 (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD) 499:538 To improve its aqueous solubility, paclitaxel was incorporated into an inclusion complex with (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD). 25275485 1 48 theme polymer 265:271 arg1 PEO 293:295 PEO 293:295 PEO 293:295 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 1 48 theme polymer 265:271 arg1 oxide 286:290 the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide 248:290 the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) 248:296 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 6 49 theme % 881:881 arg1 PF127 889:893 18, 20, and 23% (w/v) PF127 867:893 18, 20, and 23% (w/v) PF127 867:893 Concentrations of 18, 20, and 23% (w/v) PF127 were dissolved in distilled water including paclitaxel and stored overnight in a refrigerator at 4 °C. PEO was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1% (w/v). 25275485 10 50 with assay 1422:1426 arg1 cell 1462:1465 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 The cytotoxicity of each formulation was measured using the MTT assay with a human oral cancer cell (KB cell). 25275485 4 51 theme inclusion 573:581 arg1 complex 583:589 the paclitaxel inclusion complex 558:589 the paclitaxel inclusion complex 558:589 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 10 52 theme cell 1453:1456 arg1 cell 1462:1465 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 The cytotoxicity of each formulation was measured using the MTT assay with a human oral cancer cell (KB cell). 25275485 9 53 contain containing 1289:1298 arg1 cell 1284:1287 a Franz diffusion cell 1266:1287 a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C 1266:1355 Drug release from the hydrogels was measured using a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C. 25275485 9 53 contain containing 1289:1298 arg2 buffer 1341:1346 pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer 1300:1346 pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C 1300:1355 Drug release from the hydrogels was measured using a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C. 25275485 9 54 theme solution 1326:1333 arg1 buffer 1341:1346 pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer 1300:1346 pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C 1300:1355 Drug release from the hydrogels was measured using a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C. 25275485 10 55 theme oral 1441:1444 arg1 cell 1462:1465 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 The cytotoxicity of each formulation was measured using the MTT assay with a human oral cancer cell (KB cell). 25275485 1 56 theme thermosensitive 198:212 arg1 F127 231:234 the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 194:234 the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) 194:242 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 1 56 theme thermosensitive 198:212 arg1 PF127 237:241 PF127 237:241 PF127 237:241 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 6 57 theme % 1058:1058 arg1 concentrations 1015:1028 concentrations 1015:1028 concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1% (w/v) 1015:1064 Concentrations of 18, 20, and 23% (w/v) PF127 were dissolved in distilled water including paclitaxel and stored overnight in a refrigerator at 4 °C. PEO was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1% (w/v). 25275485 8 58 theme transition 1129:1138 arg1 temperature 1140:1150 The sol-gel transition temperature 1117:1150 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogels 1117:1167 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogels was measured using the tube-inverting method. 25275485 10 59 theme KB 1459:1460 arg1 cell 1462:1465 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 a human oral cancer cell (KB cell) 1433:1466 The cytotoxicity of each formulation was measured using the MTT assay with a human oral cancer cell (KB cell). 25275485 2 60 theme agent 314:318 arg1 paclitaxel 320:329 The anticancer agent paclitaxel 299:329 The anticancer agent paclitaxel 299:329 The anticancer agent paclitaxel is usually used to treat ovarian, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer. 25275485 1 61 theme Pluronic 222:229 arg1 F127 231:234 the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 194:234 the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) 194:242 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 1 61 theme Pluronic 222:229 arg1 PF127 237:241 PF127 237:241 PF127 237:241 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 6 62 theme distilled 913:921 arg1 water 923:927 distilled water 913:927 distilled water including paclitaxel and stored overnight in a refrigerator at 4 °C. PEO was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1% (w/v) 913:1064 Concentrations of 18, 20, and 23% (w/v) PF127 were dissolved in distilled water including paclitaxel and stored overnight in a refrigerator at 4 °C. PEO was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1% (w/v). 25275485 5 63 theme cold 836:839 arg1 method 841:846 a cold method 834:846 a cold method 834:846 Hydrogels were prepared using a cold method. 25275485 8 64 theme hydrogels 1159:1167 arg1 temperature 1140:1150 The sol-gel transition temperature 1117:1150 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogels 1117:1167 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogels was measured using the tube-inverting method. 25275485 14 65 theme cytotoxic 2009:2017 arg1 effect 2019:2024 cytotoxic effect 2009:2024 cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel 2009:2038 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 6 66 theme PF127 889:893 arg1 Concentrations 849:862 Concentrations 849:862 Concentrations of 18, 20, and 23% (w/v) PF127 849:893 Concentrations of 18, 20, and 23% (w/v) PF127 were dissolved in distilled water including paclitaxel and stored overnight in a refrigerator at 4 °C. PEO was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1% (w/v). 25275485 13 67 theme formulation 1758:1768 arg1 cytotoxicity 1732:1743 The cytotoxicity 1728:1743 The cytotoxicity of the blank formulation 1728:1768 The cytotoxicity of the blank formulation was low, although the drug-loaded hydrogel showed acceptable cytotoxicity. 25275485 13 67 theme formulation 1758:1768 arg1 low 1774:1776 low 1774:1776 low 1774:1776 The cytotoxicity of the blank formulation was low, although the drug-loaded hydrogel showed acceptable cytotoxicity. 25275485 4 68 theme differential 723:734 arg1 DSC 758:760 DSC 758:760 DSC 758:760 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 4 68 theme differential 723:734 arg1 calorimetry 745:755 differential scanning calorimetry 723:755 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 723:761 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 13 69 theme blank 1752:1756 arg1 formulation 1758:1768 the blank formulation 1748:1768 the blank formulation 1748:1768 The cytotoxicity of the blank formulation was low, although the drug-loaded hydrogel showed acceptable cytotoxicity. 25275485 1 70 theme buccal 154:159 arg1 system 181:186 a buccal paclitaxel delivery system 152:186 a buccal paclitaxel delivery system 152:186 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 4 71 theme infrared 687:694 arg1 spectrophotometry 704:720 Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry 669:720 Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry 669:720 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 11 72 theme polymers 1606:1613 arg1 presence 1581:1588 the presence 1577:1588 the presence of mucoadhesive polymers 1577:1613 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogel decreased when PF127 was present and varied according to the presence of mucoadhesive polymers. 25275485 1 73 theme delivery 172:179 arg1 system 181:186 a buccal paclitaxel delivery system 152:186 a buccal paclitaxel delivery system 152:186 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 4 74 theme FT-IR 697:701 arg1 spectrophotometry 704:720 Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry 669:720 Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry 669:720 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 9 75 from hydrogels 1237:1245 arg1 release 1220:1226 Drug release 1215:1226 Drug release from the hydrogels 1215:1245 Drug release from the hydrogels was measured using a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C. 25275485 14 76 theme complexes 1965:1973 arg1 combination 1887:1897 the combination 1883:1897 the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes 1883:1973 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 4 77 theme scanning 768:775 arg1 SEM 798:800 SEM 798:800 SEM 798:800 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 4 77 theme scanning 768:775 arg1 microscopy 786:795 scanning electron microscopy 768:795 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 768:801 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 2 78 theme lung 392:395 arg1 cancer 397:402 ovarian, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer 356:402 cancer 397:402 The anticancer agent paclitaxel is usually used to treat ovarian, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer. 25275485 0 79 theme sol-gel 33:39 arg1 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 55:88 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 25275485 0 79 theme sol-gel 33:39 arg1 composites 41:50 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites 0:50 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 0:109 Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive sol-gel composites of paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin for buccal delivery. 25275485 12 80 theme polymer 1719:1725 arg1 addition 1690:1697 the addition 1686:1697 the addition of the mucoadhesive polymer 1686:1725 The in vitro release was sustained and the release rate was slowed by the addition of the mucoadhesive polymer. 25275485 4 81 theme paclitaxel 562:571 arg1 complex 583:589 the paclitaxel inclusion complex 558:589 the paclitaxel inclusion complex 558:589 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 14 82 theme hydrogel 1930:1937 arg1 formulation 1939:1949 a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation 1902:1949 a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation 1902:1949 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 6 83 theme °C. 994:996 arg1 PEO 998:1000 4 °C. PEO 992:1000 4 °C. PEO 992:1000 Concentrations of 18, 20, and 23% (w/v) PF127 were dissolved in distilled water including paclitaxel and stored overnight in a refrigerator at 4 °C. PEO was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1% (w/v). 25275485 14 84 theme 127-based 1907:1915 arg1 formulation 1939:1949 a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation 1902:1949 a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation 1902:1949 The results of our study suggest that the combination of a PF 127-based mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation and inclusion complexes improves the in vitro release and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel. 25275485 9 85 theme Franz 1268:1272 arg1 cell 1284:1287 a Franz diffusion cell 1266:1287 a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C 1266:1355 Drug release from the hydrogels was measured using a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C. 25275485 9 86 from °C 1354:1355 arg1 buffer 1341:1346 pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer 1300:1346 pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C 1300:1355 Drug release from the hydrogels was measured using a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C. 25275485 4 87 theme various 611:617 arg1 diffractometry 647:660 x-ray diffractometry 641:660 x-ray diffractometry (XRD) 641:666 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 4 87 theme various 611:617 arg1 microscopy 786:795 scanning electron microscopy 768:795 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 768:801 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 4 87 theme various 611:617 arg1 techniques 619:628 various techniques 611:628 various techniques 611:628 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 4 87 theme various 611:617 arg1 calorimetry 745:755 differential scanning calorimetry 723:755 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 723:761 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 4 87 theme various 611:617 arg1 spectrophotometry 704:720 Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry 669:720 Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry 669:720 The formation of the paclitaxel inclusion complex was evaluated using various techniques, including x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25275485 11 88 theme sol-gel 1473:1479 arg1 temperature 1492:1502 The sol-gel transition temperature 1469:1502 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogel 1469:1518 The sol-gel transition temperature of the hydrogel decreased when PF127 was present and varied according to the presence of mucoadhesive polymers. 25275485 1 89 theme mucoadhesive 252:263 arg1 polymer 265:271 the mucoadhesive polymer 248:271 the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) 248:296 The purpose of this study was to develop a buccal paclitaxel delivery system using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic F127 (PF127) and the mucoadhesive polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO). 25275485 9 90 theme pH 1300:1301 arg1 buffer 1341:1346 pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer 1300:1346 pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C 1300:1355 Drug release from the hydrogels was measured using a Franz diffusion cell containing pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) buffer at 37 °C. 28429167 10 0 theme DSM 1235:1237 arg1 44549T 1239:1244 C. efficiens DSM 44549T 1222:1244 C. efficiens DSM 44549T 1222:1244 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 11 1 theme defluvii 1613:1620 arg1 nov. 1625:1628 the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. 1588:1628 the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. 1588:1628 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 3 2 from 7.0 315:317 arg1 optimum 304:310 optimum 304:310 optimum 304:310 It grew at 20-40°C (optimum at 30°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and at 0-1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%). 28429167 10 3 theme C. 1298:1299 arg1 13032T 1317:1322 C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T 1298:1322 C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T 1298:1322 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 2 4 theme rod-shapeds 95:105 arg1 strain 148:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. 28429167 10 5 theme relatedness 1180:1190 arg1 % 1336:1336 25.5±2.0% 1328:1336 25.5±2.0% 1328:1336 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 10 5 theme relatedness 1180:1190 arg1 value 1192:1196 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 1168:1196 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T 1168:1322 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 11 6 theme sp 1622:1623 arg1 nov. 1625:1628 the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. 1588:1628 the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. 1588:1628 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 9 7 theme strain 911:916 arg1 Y49T 918:921 strain Y49T 911:921 strain Y49T 911:921 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 11 8 theme chemotaxonomic 1426:1439 arg1 data 1441:1444 chemotaxonomic data 1426:1444 chemotaxonomic data 1426:1444 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 10 9 theme strain 1206:1211 arg1 Y49T 1213:1216 strain Y49T 1206:1216 strain Y49T 1206:1216 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 10 10 theme C. 1222:1223 arg1 44549T 1239:1244 C. efficiens DSM 44549T 1222:1244 C. efficiens DSM 44549T 1222:1244 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 10 11 theme DNA-DNA 1172:1178 arg1 % 1336:1336 25.5±2.0% 1328:1336 25.5±2.0% 1328:1336 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 10 11 theme DNA-DNA 1172:1178 arg1 value 1192:1196 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 1168:1196 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T 1168:1322 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 9 12 theme Y49T 918:921 arg1 44549T 958:963 Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T 928:963 Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%) 928:971 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 12 theme Y49T 918:921 arg1 neighbors 898:906 the nearest phylogenetic neighbors 873:906 the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T 873:921 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 13 dep Corynebacterium 1064:1078 arg1 glutamicum 1080:1089 glutamicum 1080:1089 glutamicum 1080:1089 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 14 theme DSM 999:1001 arg1 20147T 1003:1008 Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 974:1008 Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%) 974:1016 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 14 theme DSM 999:1001 arg1 % 1015:1015 97.2% 1011:1015 97.2% 1011:1015 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 4 15 theme isoprenoid 377:386 arg1 quinone 388:394 The major isoprenoid quinone 367:394 The major isoprenoid quinone 367:394 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-8 (MK-8) and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. 28429167 4 15 theme isoprenoid 377:386 arg1 menaquinone-8 400:412 menaquinone-8 400:412 menaquinone-8 (MK-8) 400:419 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-8 (MK-8) and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. 28429167 5 16 theme meso-diaminopimelic 607:625 arg1 peptidoglycan 589:601 The peptidoglycan 585:601 The peptidoglycan 585:601 The peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28429167 5 16 theme meso-diaminopimelic 607:625 arg1 acid 627:630 meso-diaminopimelic acid 607:630 meso-diaminopimelic acid 607:630 The peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28429167 9 17 dep Corynebacterium 974:988 arg1 callunae 990:997 callunae 990:997 callunae 990:997 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 18 theme DSM 954:956 arg1 neighbors 898:906 the nearest phylogenetic neighbors 873:906 the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T 873:921 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 18 theme DSM 954:956 arg1 44549T 958:963 Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T 928:963 Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%) 928:971 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 18 theme DSM 954:956 arg1 % 970:970 97.5% 966:970 97.5% 966:970 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 4 19 theme major 371:375 arg1 quinone 388:394 The major isoprenoid quinone 367:394 The major isoprenoid quinone 367:394 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-8 (MK-8) and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. 28429167 4 19 theme major 371:375 arg1 menaquinone-8 400:412 menaquinone-8 400:412 menaquinone-8 (MK-8) 400:419 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-8 (MK-8) and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. 28429167 11 20 theme phylogenetic 1403:1414 arg1 analysis 1416:1423 the phylogenetic analysis 1399:1423 the phylogenetic analysis 1399:1423 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 9 21 theme Corynebacterium 1019:1033 arg1 1.010T 1048:1053 Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T 1019:1053 Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%) 1019:1061 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 21 theme Corynebacterium 1019:1033 arg1 % 1060:1060 96.8% 1056:1060 96.8% 1056:1060 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 22 theme Corynebacterium 928:942 arg1 neighbors 898:906 the nearest phylogenetic neighbors 873:906 the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T 873:921 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 22 theme Corynebacterium 928:942 arg1 44549T 958:963 Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T 928:963 Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%) 928:971 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 22 theme Corynebacterium 928:942 arg1 % 970:970 97.5% 966:970 97.5% 966:970 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 12 23 theme 39731T 1675:1680 arg1 Y49T 1662:1665 Y49T 1662:1665 Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T) 1662:1697 The type strain is Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T). 28429167 12 23 theme 39731T 1675:1680 arg1 1.15506T 1689:1696 = KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T 1668:1696 = KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T 1668:1696 The type strain is Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T). 28429167 9 24 theme other 1116:1120 arg1 species 1122:1128 other species 1116:1128 other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%) 1116:1165 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 25 theme rRNA 844:847 arg1 analysis 863:870 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 836:870 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 836:870 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 10 26 theme DSM 1259:1261 arg1 20147T 1263:1268 C. callunae DSM 20147T 1247:1268 C. callunae DSM 20147T 1247:1268 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 12 27 theme = 1668:1668 arg1 Y49T 1662:1665 Y49T 1662:1665 Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T) 1662:1697 The type strain is Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T). 28429167 12 27 theme = 1668:1668 arg1 1.15506T 1689:1696 = KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T 1668:1696 = KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T 1668:1696 The type strain is Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T). 28429167 0 28 theme defluvii 16:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Corynebacterium defluvii sp 0:26 Corynebacterium defluvii sp. 0:27 Corynebacterium defluvii sp. 28429167 12 29 theme type 1647:1650 arg1 Y49T 1662:1665 Y49T 1662:1665 Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T) 1662:1697 The type strain is Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T). 28429167 12 29 theme type 1647:1650 arg1 strain 1652:1657 The type strain 1643:1657 The type strain 1643:1657 The type strain is Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T). 28429167 9 30 theme GIMN 1043:1046 arg1 1.010T 1048:1053 Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T 1019:1053 Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%) 1019:1061 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 30 theme GIMN 1043:1046 arg1 % 1060:1060 96.8% 1056:1060 96.8% 1056:1060 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 2 31 theme oxidase-negative 131:146 arg1 strain 148:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. 28429167 12 32 theme =CGMCC 1682:1687 arg1 Y49T 1662:1665 Y49T 1662:1665 Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T) 1662:1697 The type strain is Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T). 28429167 12 32 theme =CGMCC 1682:1687 arg1 1.15506T 1689:1696 = KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T 1668:1696 = KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T 1668:1696 The type strain is Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T). 28429167 0 33 theme Corynebacterium 0:14 arg1 sp 25:26 Corynebacterium defluvii sp 0:26 Corynebacterium defluvii sp. 0:27 Corynebacterium defluvii sp. 28429167 2 34 theme Gram-positive 59:71 arg1 strain 148:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. 28429167 11 35 theme Corynebacterium 1561:1575 arg1 species 1540:1546 a novel species 1532:1546 a novel species 1532:1546 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 6 36 theme cell-wall 637:645 arg1 galactose 659:667 galactose 659:667 galactose 659:667 The cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose, and glucose. 28429167 6 36 theme cell-wall 637:645 arg1 sugars 647:652 The cell-wall sugars 633:652 The cell-wall sugars 633:652 The cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose, and glucose. 28429167 2 37 attach isolated 177:184 arg2 strain 148:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. 28429167 2 37 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 sewage 191:196 sewage 191:196 sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China 191:248 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. 28429167 4 38 theme unidentified 559:570 arg1 aminolipids 572:582 two unidentified aminolipids 555:582 two unidentified aminolipids 555:582 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-8 (MK-8) and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. 28429167 9 39 theme 16S 840:842 arg1 analysis 863:870 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 836:870 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 836:870 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 11 40 theme novel 1534:1538 arg1 species 1540:1546 a novel species 1532:1546 a novel species 1532:1546 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 11 41 theme strain 1509:1514 arg1 Y49T 1516:1519 strain Y49T 1509:1519 strain Y49T 1509:1519 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 3 42 theme sodium 334:339 arg1 % 363:363 optimum at 0% 351:363 optimum at 0% 351:363 It grew at 20-40°C (optimum at 30°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and at 0-1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%). 28429167 3 42 theme sodium 334:339 arg1 chloride 341:348 0-1.0% sodium chloride 327:348 0-1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%) 327:364 It grew at 20-40°C (optimum at 30°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and at 0-1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%). 28429167 9 43 theme gene 849:852 arg1 analysis 863:870 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 836:870 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 836:870 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 2 44 theme non-motile 83:92 arg1 strain 148:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. 28429167 3 45 dep pH 292:293 arg1 optimum 304:310 optimum 304:310 optimum 304:310 It grew at 20-40°C (optimum at 30°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and at 0-1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%). 28429167 11 46 theme DNA-DNA 1481:1487 arg1 hybridization 1489:1501 DNA-DNA hybridization 1481:1501 DNA-DNA hybridization 1481:1501 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 8 47 theme G+C 800:802 arg1 content 804:810 The DNA G+C content 792:810 The DNA G+C content 792:810 The DNA G+C content was 51.4 mol%. 28429167 8 47 theme G+C 800:802 arg1 % 824:824 51.4 mol% 816:824 51.4 mol% 816:824 The DNA G+C content was 51.4 mol%. 28429167 2 48 dep Jilin 213:217 arg1 China 244:248 China 244:248 China 244:248 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. 28429167 3 49 theme 0-1.0 327:331 arg1 % 332:332 % 332:332 % 332:332 It grew at 20-40°C (optimum at 30°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and at 0-1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%). 28429167 10 50 theme ATCC 1312:1315 arg1 13032T 1317:1322 C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T 1298:1322 C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T 1298:1322 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 8 51 theme DNA 796:798 arg1 content 804:810 The DNA G+C content 792:810 The DNA G+C content 792:810 The DNA G+C content was 51.4 mol%. 28429167 8 51 theme DNA 796:798 arg1 % 824:824 51.4 mol% 816:824 51.4 mol% 816:824 The DNA G+C content was 51.4 mol%. 28429167 11 52 theme name 1592:1595 arg1 nov. 1625:1628 the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. 1588:1628 the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. 1588:1628 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 3 53 theme % 332:332 arg1 % 363:363 optimum at 0% 351:363 optimum at 0% 351:363 It grew at 20-40°C (optimum at 30°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and at 0-1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%). 28429167 3 53 theme % 332:332 arg1 chloride 341:348 0-1.0% sodium chloride 327:348 0-1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%) 327:364 It grew at 20-40°C (optimum at 30°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and at 0-1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%). 28429167 2 54 theme aerobic 74:80 arg1 strain 148:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. 28429167 10 55 dep C. 1298:1299 arg1 glutamicum 1301:1310 glutamicum 1301:1310 glutamicum 1301:1310 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 9 56 theme Corynebacterium 1064:1078 arg1 % 1108:1108 96.4% 1104:1108 96.4% 1104:1108 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 56 theme Corynebacterium 1064:1078 arg1 13032T 1096:1101 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 1064:1101 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%) 1064:1109 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 10 57 theme C. 1247:1248 arg1 20147T 1263:1268 C. callunae DSM 20147T 1247:1268 C. callunae DSM 20147T 1247:1268 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 9 58 theme Corynebacterium 974:988 arg1 20147T 1003:1008 Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 974:1008 Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%) 974:1016 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 58 theme Corynebacterium 974:988 arg1 % 1015:1015 97.2% 1011:1015 97.2% 1011:1015 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 11 59 theme Corynebacterium 1597:1611 arg1 nov. 1625:1628 the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. 1588:1628 the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. 1588:1628 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 4 60 theme polar 429:433 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 447:468 diphosphatidylglycerol 447:468 diphosphatidylglycerol 447:468 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-8 (MK-8) and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. 28429167 4 60 theme polar 429:433 arg1 lipids 435:440 the polar lipids 425:440 the polar lipids 425:440 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-8 (MK-8) and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. 28429167 9 61 dep Corynebacterium 928:942 arg1 efficiens 944:952 efficiens 944:952 efficiens 944:952 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 62 dep Corynebacterium 1019:1033 arg1 deserti 1035:1041 deserti 1035:1041 deserti 1035:1041 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 7 63 theme fatty 698:702 arg1 C16:0 721:725 C16:0 721:725 C16:0 721:725 The fatty acids were C9:0, C16:0, C16:1 ω9c, C17:1 ω9c, C18:3 ω6c (6,9,12), C18:1 ω9c, and C18:0. 28429167 7 63 theme fatty 698:702 arg1 acids 704:708 The fatty acids 694:708 The fatty acids 694:708 The fatty acids were C9:0, C16:0, C16:1 ω9c, C17:1 ω9c, C18:3 ω6c (6,9,12), C18:1 ω9c, and C18:0. 28429167 9 64 theme ATCC 1091:1094 arg1 % 1108:1108 96.4% 1104:1108 96.4% 1104:1108 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 64 theme ATCC 1091:1094 arg1 13032T 1096:1101 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 1064:1101 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%) 1064:1109 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 8 65 theme mol 821:823 arg1 content 804:810 The DNA G+C content 792:810 The DNA G+C content 792:810 The DNA G+C content was 51.4 mol%. 28429167 8 65 theme mol 821:823 arg1 % 824:824 51.4 mol% 816:824 51.4 mol% 816:824 The DNA G+C content was 51.4 mol%. 28429167 9 66 theme nearest 877:883 arg1 44549T 958:963 Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T 928:963 Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%) 928:971 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 66 theme nearest 877:883 arg1 neighbors 898:906 the nearest phylogenetic neighbors 873:906 the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T 873:921 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 4 67 theme unidentified 530:541 arg1 lipids 543:548 four unidentified lipids 525:548 four unidentified lipids 525:548 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-8 (MK-8) and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. 28429167 11 68 theme physiological 1447:1459 arg1 characteristics 1461:1475 physiological characteristics 1447:1475 physiological characteristics 1447:1475 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 9 69 theme phylogenetic 885:896 arg1 44549T 958:963 Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T 928:963 Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%) 928:971 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 9 69 theme phylogenetic 885:896 arg1 neighbors 898:906 the nearest phylogenetic neighbors 873:906 the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T 873:921 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 10 70 dep C. 1222:1223 arg1 efficiens 1225:1233 efficiens 1225:1233 efficiens 1225:1233 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 9 71 theme sequence 854:861 arg1 analysis 863:870 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 836:870 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 836:870 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3-95.4%). 28429167 2 72 theme catalase-positive 108:124 arg1 strain 148:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain 57:153 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. 28429167 10 73 dep C. 1247:1248 arg1 callunae 1250:1257 callunae 1250:1257 callunae 1250:1257 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49T and C. efficiens DSM 44549T, C. callunae DSM 20147T, C. deserti GIMN1.010T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. 28429167 12 74 theme KCTC 1670:1673 arg1 Y49T 1662:1665 Y49T 1662:1665 Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T) 1662:1697 The type strain is Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T). 28429167 12 74 theme KCTC 1670:1673 arg1 1.15506T 1689:1696 = KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T 1668:1696 = KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T 1668:1696 The type strain is Y49T (= KCTC 39731T =CGMCC 1.15506T). 28429167 11 75 dep analysis 1416:1423 arg1 data 1503:1506 data 1503:1506 data 1503:1506 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. 28429167 3 76 from 30°C 282:285 arg1 optimum 271:277 optimum 271:277 optimum 271:277 It grew at 20-40°C (optimum at 30°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and at 0-1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%). 27432784 3 0 theme 0.8 493:495 arg1 % 496:496 % 496:496 % 496:496 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 3 1 theme NaCl 521:524 arg1 addition 481:488 the addition 477:488 the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium 477:546 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 11 2 dep Pseudomonas 1228:1238 arg1 aeruginosa 1240:1249 aeruginosa 1240:1249 aeruginosa 1240:1249 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene showed 99% sequence identity with algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 27432784 14 3 from communities 1509:1519 arg1 genes 1488:1492 novel algL genes 1477:1492 novel algL genes from microbial communities 1477:1519 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 14 3 from communities 1509:1519 arg1 identification 1459:1472 The identification 1455:1472 The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities 1455:1519 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 3 4 theme 0.2-0.3 511:517 arg1 M 519:519 M 519:519 M 519:519 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 4 5 from rate 607:610 arg1 medium 625:630 minimal 9 medium 615:630 minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate 615:662 Of 10 isolates, one was selected based on its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate. 27432784 4 6 theme minimal 615:621 arg1 medium 625:630 minimal 9 medium 615:630 minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate 615:662 Of 10 isolates, one was selected based on its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate. 27432784 14 7 dep CONCLUSION 1444:1453 arg1 constitutes 1521:1531 constitutes 1521:1531 constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples 1521:1706 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 12 8 theme Bacillus 1274:1281 arg1 sp 1283:1284 Bacillus sp 1274:1284 Bacillus sp 1274:1284 algL produced by Bacillus sp. 27432784 13 9 theme polyG 1315:1319 arg1 blocks 1321:1326 polyG blocks 1315:1326 polyG blocks 1315:1326 TAG8 cleaved both polyM and polyG blocks in alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues, confirming the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase. 27432784 4 10 theme fast 595:598 arg1 rate 607:610 its fast growth rate 591:610 its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate 591:662 Of 10 isolates, one was selected based on its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate. 27432784 5 11 theme 16S 766:768 arg1 data 784:787 16S rDNA sequence data 766:787 morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data 709:787 The selected bacterium, identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data, was confirmed to be an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. 27432784 7 12 theme Bacillus 932:939 arg1 sp 941:942 Bacillus sp 932:942 Bacillus sp 932:942 Resuls: The results showed the ability of Bacillus sp. 27432784 4 13 theme sodium 648:653 arg1 alginate 655:662 0.4% sodium alginate 643:662 0.4% sodium alginate 643:662 Of 10 isolates, one was selected based on its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate. 27432784 14 14 theme algL 1483:1486 arg1 genes 1488:1492 novel algL genes 1477:1492 novel algL genes from microbial communities 1477:1519 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 10 15 theme 0.2-0.3 1133:1139 arg1 M 1141:1141 M 1141:1141 M 1141:1141 TAG8 growth and algL production were augmented with an increase in sodium alginate concentration and also by the addition of 0.2-0.3 M NaCl. 27432784 14 16 theme specific 1574:1581 arg1 activity 1583:1590 specific activity 1574:1590 specific activity against bacterial alginates 1574:1618 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 2 17 theme initial 260:266 arg1 screening 268:276 the initial screening 256:276 the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates 256:330 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 0 18 theme Media 67:71 arg1 Compositions 73:84 Media Compositions 67:84 Media Compositions 67:84 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Media Compositions for Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production. 27432784 5 19 theme rDNA 770:773 arg1 data 784:787 16S rDNA sequence data 766:787 morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data 709:787 The selected bacterium, identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data, was confirmed to be an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. 27432784 11 20 theme algL 1176:1179 arg1 gene 1181:1184 TAG8 algL gene 1171:1184 TAG8 algL gene 1171:1184 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene showed 99% sequence identity with algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 27432784 4 21 theme 0.4 643:645 arg1 % 646:646 % 646:646 % 646:646 Of 10 isolates, one was selected based on its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate. 27432784 5 22 theme morphological 709:721 arg1 characteristics 739:753 morphological and biochemical characteristics 709:753 morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data 709:787 The selected bacterium, identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data, was confirmed to be an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. 27432784 10 23 theme NaCl 1143:1146 arg1 addition 1121:1128 the addition 1117:1128 the addition of 0.2-0.3 M NaCl 1117:1146 TAG8 growth and algL production were augmented with an increase in sodium alginate concentration and also by the addition of 0.2-0.3 M NaCl. 27432784 0 24 theme Alginate 104:111 arg1 Production 119:128 Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production 90:128 Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production 90:128 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Media Compositions for Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production. 27432784 14 25 theme new 1535:1537 arg1 approach 1539:1546 a new approach 1533:1546 a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples 1533:1706 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 2 26 theme bacteria 300:307 arg1 screening 268:276 the initial screening 256:276 the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates 256:330 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 11 27 theme % 1195:1195 arg1 identity 1206:1213 99% sequence identity 1193:1213 99% sequence identity 1193:1213 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene showed 99% sequence identity with algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 27432784 13 28 from polyM 1305:1309 arg1 residues 1380:1387 acetylated alginate residues 1360:1387 alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues 1331:1387 TAG8 cleaved both polyM and polyG blocks in alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues, confirming the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase. 27432784 13 28 from polyM 1305:1309 arg1 molecule 1340:1347 alginate molecule 1331:1347 alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues 1331:1387 TAG8 cleaved both polyM and polyG blocks in alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues, confirming the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase. 27432784 13 29 theme alginate 1371:1378 arg1 residues 1380:1387 acetylated alginate residues 1360:1387 alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues 1331:1387 TAG8 cleaved both polyM and polyG blocks in alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues, confirming the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase. 27432784 2 30 from METHODS 245:251 arg1 screening 268:276 the initial screening 256:276 the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates 256:330 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 9 31 theme Bacillus 995:1002 arg1 sp 1004:1005 Bacillus sp 995:1005 Bacillus sp. 995:1006 Bacillus sp. 27432784 3 32 theme alginate 425:432 arg1 production 447:456 alginate lyase (algL) production 425:456 alginate lyase (algL) production 425:456 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 5 33 theme Bacillus 871:878 arg1 sp 880:881 Bacillus sp 871:881 Bacillus sp 871:881 The selected bacterium, identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data, was confirmed to be an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. 27432784 5 34 dep isolate 813:819 arg1 belonging 821:829 belonging 821:829 belonging to the genus Bacillus 821:851 The selected bacterium, identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data, was confirmed to be an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. 27432784 5 34 dep isolate 813:819 arg1 designated 857:866 designated 857:866 designated as Bacillus sp 857:881 The selected bacterium, identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data, was confirmed to be an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. 27432784 0 35 theme Alginate 13:20 arg1 Bacteria 38:45 Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria 13:45 Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria 13:45 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Media Compositions for Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production. 27432784 10 36 theme algL 1024:1027 arg1 production 1029:1038 algL production 1024:1038 algL production 1024:1038 TAG8 growth and algL production were augmented with an increase in sodium alginate concentration and also by the addition of 0.2-0.3 M NaCl. 27432784 8 37 theme carbon 980:985 arg1 source 987:992 a sole carbon source 973:992 a sole carbon source 973:992 TAG8 to utilize alginate as a sole carbon source. 27432784 8 37 theme carbon 980:985 arg1 alginate 961:968 alginate 961:968 alginate 961:968 TAG8 to utilize alginate as a sole carbon source. 27432784 2 38 from screening 268:276 arg1 soil 314:317 soil 314:317 soil 314:317 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 3 39 theme growth 414:419 arg1 optimization 393:404 The optimization 389:404 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production 389:456 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 0 40 theme Bacteria 38:45 arg1 Screening 0:8 Screening 0:8 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria 0:45 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Media Compositions for Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production. 27432784 0 40 theme Bacteria 38:45 arg1 Optimization 51:62 Optimization 51:62 Optimization of Media Compositions 51:84 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Media Compositions for Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production. 27432784 5 41 theme biochemical 727:737 arg1 characteristics 739:753 morphological and biochemical characteristics 709:753 morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data 709:787 The selected bacterium, identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data, was confirmed to be an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. 27432784 11 42 theme Molecular 1149:1157 arg1 analysis 1159:1166 Molecular analysis 1149:1166 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene 1149:1184 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene showed 99% sequence identity with algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 27432784 14 43 from eradication 1651:1661 arg1 samples 1700:1706 clinical samples 1691:1706 clinical samples 1691:1706 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 1 44 dep guluronate 192:201 arg1 subunits 235:242 subunits 235:242 subunits 235:242 BACKGROUND Alginate is a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (polyG) and mannuronate (polyM) subunits. 27432784 14 45 from samples 1700:1706 arg1 eradication 1651:1661 the eradication 1647:1661 the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples 1647:1706 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 14 45 from samples 1700:1706 arg1 biofilms 1677:1684 persistent biofilms 1666:1684 persistent biofilms from clinical samples 1666:1706 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 14 46 theme clinical 1691:1698 arg1 samples 1700:1706 clinical samples 1691:1706 clinical samples 1691:1706 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 14 47 from identification 1459:1472 arg1 communities 1509:1519 microbial communities 1499:1519 microbial communities 1499:1519 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 13 48 theme alginate 1331:1338 arg1 molecule 1340:1347 alginate molecule 1331:1347 alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues 1331:1387 TAG8 cleaved both polyM and polyG blocks in alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues, confirming the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase. 27432784 14 49 theme biofilms 1677:1684 arg1 eradication 1651:1661 the eradication 1647:1661 the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples 1647:1706 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 13 50 theme acetylated 1360:1369 arg1 residues 1380:1387 acetylated alginate residues 1360:1387 alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues 1331:1387 TAG8 cleaved both polyM and polyG blocks in alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues, confirming the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase. 27432784 3 51 theme % 496:496 arg1 alginate 498:505 0.8% alginate 493:505 0.8% alginate 493:505 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 10 52 theme sodium 1075:1080 arg1 concentration 1091:1103 sodium alginate concentration 1075:1103 sodium alginate concentration 1075:1103 TAG8 growth and algL production were augmented with an increase in sodium alginate concentration and also by the addition of 0.2-0.3 M NaCl. 27432784 2 53 theme minimal 353:359 arg1 medium 361:366 minimal medium 353:366 minimal medium containing alginate 353:386 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 3 54 theme M 519:519 arg1 NaCl 521:524 0.2-0.3 M NaCl 511:524 0.2-0.3 M NaCl 511:524 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 2 55 theme alginate-degrading 281:298 arg1 bacteria 300:307 alginate-degrading bacteria 281:307 alginate-degrading bacteria from soil 281:317 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 2 55 theme alginate-degrading 281:298 arg1 isolates 323:330 10 isolates 320:330 10 isolates 320:330 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 4 56 theme growth 600:605 arg1 rate 607:610 its fast growth rate 591:610 its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate 591:662 Of 10 isolates, one was selected based on its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate. 27432784 10 57 from increase 1063:1070 arg1 concentration 1091:1103 sodium alginate concentration 1075:1103 sodium alginate concentration 1075:1103 TAG8 growth and algL production were augmented with an increase in sodium alginate concentration and also by the addition of 0.2-0.3 M NaCl. 27432784 3 58 theme culture 533:539 arg1 medium 541:546 the culture medium 529:546 the culture medium 529:546 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 5 59 theme sequence 775:782 arg1 data 784:787 16S rDNA sequence data 766:787 morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data 709:787 The selected bacterium, identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data, was confirmed to be an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. 27432784 11 60 theme PAO1 1251:1254 arg1 algL 1220:1223 algL 1220:1223 algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 1220:1254 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene showed 99% sequence identity with algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 27432784 13 61 theme isolated 1428:1435 arg1 lyase 1437:1441 the isolated lyase 1424:1441 the isolated lyase 1424:1441 TAG8 cleaved both polyM and polyG blocks in alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues, confirming the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase. 27432784 14 62 theme microbial 1499:1507 arg1 communities 1509:1519 microbial communities 1499:1519 microbial communities 1499:1519 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 11 63 theme Pseudomonas 1228:1238 arg1 PAO1 1251:1254 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 1228:1254 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 1228:1254 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene showed 99% sequence identity with algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 27432784 14 64 theme bacterial 1600:1608 arg1 alginates 1610:1618 bacterial alginates 1600:1618 bacterial alginates 1600:1618 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 7 65 theme sp 941:942 arg1 ability 921:927 the ability 917:927 the ability of Bacillus sp 917:942 Resuls: The results showed the ability of Bacillus sp. 27432784 1 66 theme BACKGROUND 131:140 arg1 polysaccharide 163:176 a linear polysaccharide 154:176 a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (polyG) and mannuronate (polyM) subunits 154:242 BACKGROUND Alginate is a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (polyG) and mannuronate (polyM) subunits. 27432784 1 66 theme BACKGROUND 131:140 arg1 Alginate 142:149 BACKGROUND Alginate 131:149 BACKGROUND Alginate 131:149 BACKGROUND Alginate is a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (polyG) and mannuronate (polyM) subunits. 27432784 14 67 theme genes 1488:1492 arg1 identification 1459:1472 The identification 1455:1472 The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities 1455:1519 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 4 68 theme % 646:646 arg1 alginate 655:662 0.4% sodium alginate 643:662 0.4% sodium alginate 643:662 Of 10 isolates, one was selected based on its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate. 27432784 10 69 theme M 1141:1141 arg1 NaCl 1143:1146 0.2-0.3 M NaCl 1133:1146 0.2-0.3 M NaCl 1133:1146 TAG8 growth and algL production were augmented with an increase in sodium alginate concentration and also by the addition of 0.2-0.3 M NaCl. 27432784 14 70 theme novel 1477:1481 arg1 genes 1488:1492 novel algL genes 1477:1492 novel algL genes from microbial communities 1477:1519 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 0 71 theme Compositions 73:84 arg1 Screening 0:8 Screening 0:8 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria 0:45 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Media Compositions for Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production. 27432784 0 71 theme Compositions 73:84 arg1 Optimization 51:62 Optimization 51:62 Optimization of Media Compositions 51:84 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Media Compositions for Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production. 27432784 1 72 theme linear 156:161 arg1 polysaccharide 163:176 a linear polysaccharide 154:176 a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (polyG) and mannuronate (polyM) subunits 154:242 BACKGROUND Alginate is a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (polyG) and mannuronate (polyM) subunits. 27432784 1 72 theme linear 156:161 arg1 Alginate 142:149 BACKGROUND Alginate 131:149 BACKGROUND Alginate 131:149 BACKGROUND Alginate is a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (polyG) and mannuronate (polyM) subunits. 27432784 5 73 theme selected 669:676 arg1 bacterium 678:686 The selected bacterium 665:686 The selected bacterium 665:686 The selected bacterium, identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data, was confirmed to be an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. 27432784 5 73 theme selected 669:676 arg1 isolate 813:819 an isolate 810:819 an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp 810:881 The selected bacterium, identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence data, was confirmed to be an isolate belonging to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. 27432784 0 74 theme Extracellular 90:102 arg1 Production 119:128 Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production 90:128 Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production 90:128 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Media Compositions for Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production. 27432784 2 75 from soil 314:317 arg1 bacteria 300:307 alginate-degrading bacteria 281:307 alginate-degrading bacteria from soil 281:317 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 2 75 from soil 314:317 arg1 isolates 323:330 10 isolates 320:330 10 isolates 320:330 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 2 75 from soil 314:317 arg1 screening 268:276 the initial screening 256:276 the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates 256:330 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 11 76 theme gene 1181:1184 arg1 analysis 1159:1166 Molecular analysis 1149:1166 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene 1149:1184 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene showed 99% sequence identity with algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 27432784 0 77 theme Lyase 113:117 arg1 Production 119:128 Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production 90:128 Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production 90:128 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Media Compositions for Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production. 27432784 11 78 theme TAG8 1171:1174 arg1 gene 1181:1184 TAG8 algL gene 1171:1184 TAG8 algL gene 1171:1184 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene showed 99% sequence identity with algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 27432784 10 79 theme TAG8 1008:1011 arg1 growth 1013:1018 TAG8 growth 1008:1018 TAG8 growth 1008:1018 TAG8 growth and algL production were augmented with an increase in sodium alginate concentration and also by the addition of 0.2-0.3 M NaCl. 27432784 11 80 theme sequence 1197:1204 arg1 identity 1206:1213 99% sequence identity 1193:1213 99% sequence identity 1193:1213 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene showed 99% sequence identity with algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 27432784 14 81 theme persistent 1666:1675 arg1 biofilms 1677:1684 persistent biofilms 1666:1684 persistent biofilms from clinical samples 1666:1706 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 3 82 theme algL 441:444 arg1 production 447:456 alginate lyase (algL) production 425:456 alginate lyase (algL) production 425:456 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 2 83 contain containing 368:377 arg2 alginate 379:386 alginate 379:386 alginate 379:386 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 2 83 contain containing 368:377 arg1 medium 361:366 minimal medium 353:366 minimal medium containing alginate 353:386 METHODS In the initial screening of alginate-degrading bacteria from soil, 10 isolates were able to grow on minimal medium containing alginate. 27432784 8 84 theme sole 975:978 arg1 source 987:992 a sole carbon source 973:992 a sole carbon source 973:992 TAG8 to utilize alginate as a sole carbon source. 27432784 8 84 theme sole 975:978 arg1 alginate 961:968 alginate 961:968 alginate 961:968 TAG8 to utilize alginate as a sole carbon source. 27432784 11 85 theme 99 1193:1194 arg1 % 1195:1195 % 1195:1195 % 1195:1195 Molecular analysis of TAG8 algL gene showed 99% sequence identity with algL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. 27432784 13 86 from blocks 1321:1326 arg1 residues 1380:1387 acetylated alginate residues 1360:1387 alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues 1331:1387 TAG8 cleaved both polyM and polyG blocks in alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues, confirming the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase. 27432784 13 86 from blocks 1321:1326 arg1 molecule 1340:1347 alginate molecule 1331:1347 alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues 1331:1387 TAG8 cleaved both polyM and polyG blocks in alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues, confirming the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase. 27432784 3 87 theme lyase 434:438 arg1 production 447:456 alginate lyase (algL) production 425:456 alginate lyase (algL) production 425:456 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 0 88 theme Lyase-Producing 22:36 arg1 Bacteria 38:45 Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria 13:45 Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria 13:45 Screening of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Media Compositions for Extracellular Alginate Lyase Production. 27432784 3 89 theme production 447:456 arg1 optimization 393:404 The optimization 389:404 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production 389:456 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 14 90 with lyases 1562:1567 arg1 activity 1583:1590 specific activity 1574:1590 specific activity against bacterial alginates 1574:1618 CONCLUSION The identification of novel algL genes from microbial communities constitutes a new approach for exploring lyases with specific activity against bacterial alginates and may thus contribute to the eradication of persistent biofilms from clinical samples. 27432784 3 91 theme cell 409:412 arg1 growth 414:419 cell growth 409:419 cell growth 409:419 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 27432784 13 92 theme lyase 1437:1441 arg1 bifunctionality 1405:1419 the bifunctionality 1401:1419 the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase 1401:1441 TAG8 cleaved both polyM and polyG blocks in alginate molecule as well as acetylated alginate residues, confirming the bifunctionality of the isolated lyase. 27432784 10 93 theme alginate 1082:1089 arg1 concentration 1091:1103 sodium alginate concentration 1075:1103 sodium alginate concentration 1075:1103 TAG8 growth and algL production were augmented with an increase in sodium alginate concentration and also by the addition of 0.2-0.3 M NaCl. 27432784 4 94 contain containing 632:641 arg2 alginate 655:662 0.4% sodium alginate 643:662 0.4% sodium alginate 643:662 Of 10 isolates, one was selected based on its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate. 27432784 4 94 contain containing 632:641 arg1 medium 625:630 minimal 9 medium 615:630 minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate 615:662 Of 10 isolates, one was selected based on its fast growth rate on minimal 9 medium containing 0.4% sodium alginate. 27432784 3 95 theme alginate 498:505 arg1 addition 481:488 the addition 477:488 the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium 477:546 The optimization of cell growth and alginate lyase (algL) production was carried out by the addition of 0.8% alginate and 0.2-0.3 M NaCl to the culture medium. 24993153 6 0 theme prostaglandin 878:890 arg1 PGE2 896:899 PGE2 896:899 PGE2 896:899 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 6 0 theme prostaglandin 878:890 arg1 E2 892:893 prostaglandin E2 878:893 prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 878:900 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 7 1 theme anti-inflammatory 1043:1059 arg1 effect 1061:1066 a more potent anti-inflammatory effect 1029:1066 a more potent anti-inflammatory effect 1029:1066 As compared with ETrA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exerted a more potent anti-inflammatory effect. 24993153 1 2 theme rare 152:155 arg1 acid 119:122 Eicosatrienoic acid 104:122 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) 104:145 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 2 theme rare 152:155 arg1 PUFA 209:212 PUFA 209:212 PUFA 209:212 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 2 theme rare 152:155 arg1 acid 203:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 150:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 150:213 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 4 3 theme n-6 588:590 arg1 PUFA 592:595 total n-6 PUFA 582:595 total n-6 PUFA 582:595 Incorporation of ETrA also reduced the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by 30 and 60 %, respectively. 24993153 0 4 theme RAW264.7 88:95 arg1 cells 97:101 murine RAW264.7 cells 81:101 murine RAW264.7 cells 81:101 Incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid exerts mild anti-inflammatory properties in murine RAW264.7 cells. 24993153 3 5 theme acid 516:519 arg1 acid 516:519 the fatty acid total 506:525 the fatty acid total 506:525 Incubation cells with ETrA dose-dependently increased the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites to 33 % of the fatty acid total. 24993153 3 5 theme acid 516:519 arg1 % 501:501 33 % 498:501 33 % of the fatty acid total 498:525 Incubation cells with ETrA dose-dependently increased the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites to 33 % of the fatty acid total. 24993153 4 6 theme total 582:586 arg1 PUFA 592:595 total n-6 PUFA 582:595 total n-6 PUFA 582:595 Incorporation of ETrA also reduced the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by 30 and 60 %, respectively. 24993153 6 7 from effect 850:855 arg1 production 864:873 the production 860:873 the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 860:954 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 6 8 theme cyclooxygenase-2 931:946 arg1 expression 917:926 expression 917:926 expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 917:954 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 6 8 theme cyclooxygenase-2 931:946 arg1 PGE2 896:899 PGE2 896:899 PGE2 896:899 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 6 8 theme cyclooxygenase-2 931:946 arg1 cytokines 903:911 cytokines 903:911 cytokines 903:911 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 6 8 theme cyclooxygenase-2 931:946 arg1 E2 892:893 prostaglandin E2 878:893 prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 878:900 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 7 9 theme potent 1036:1041 arg1 effect 1061:1066 a more potent anti-inflammatory effect 1029:1066 a more potent anti-inflammatory effect 1029:1066 As compared with ETrA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exerted a more potent anti-inflammatory effect. 24993153 3 10 theme fatty 510:514 arg1 acid 516:519 the fatty acid total 506:525 the fatty acid total 506:525 Incubation cells with ETrA dose-dependently increased the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites to 33 % of the fatty acid total. 24993153 4 11 theme PUFA 592:595 arg1 proportions 567:577 the proportions 563:577 the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 563:634 Incorporation of ETrA also reduced the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by 30 and 60 %, respectively. 24993153 8 12 theme significant 1109:1119 arg1 synthesis 1124:1132 significant NO synthesis 1109:1132 significant NO synthesis 1109:1132 In conclusion, although ETrA suppresses significant NO synthesis and iNOS expression, this n-3 PUFA was a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA. 24993153 8 13 theme potent 1180:1185 arg1 PUFA 1164:1167 this n-3 PUFA 1155:1167 this n-3 PUFA 1155:1167 In conclusion, although ETrA suppresses significant NO synthesis and iNOS expression, this n-3 PUFA was a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA. 24993153 8 13 theme potent 1180:1185 arg1 agent 1205:1209 a less potent anti-inflammatory agent 1173:1209 a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA 1173:1218 In conclusion, although ETrA suppresses significant NO synthesis and iNOS expression, this n-3 PUFA was a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA. 24993153 1 14 dep Δ11,14,17-20:3 125:138 arg1 ETrA 141:144 ETrA 141:144 ETrA 141:144 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 15 theme occurring 167:175 arg1 acid 119:122 Eicosatrienoic acid 104:122 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) 104:145 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 15 theme occurring 167:175 arg1 PUFA 209:212 PUFA 209:212 PUFA 209:212 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 15 theme occurring 167:175 arg1 acid 203:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 150:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 150:213 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 5 16 theme -mediated 727:735 arg1 production 755:764 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production 682:764 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production 682:764 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 5 17 theme oxide 787:791 arg1 iNOS 803:806 iNOS 803:806 iNOS 803:806 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 5 17 theme oxide 787:791 arg1 synthase 793:800 inducible nitric oxide synthase 770:800 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 770:818 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 1 18 theme n-3 177:179 arg1 acid 119:122 Eicosatrienoic acid 104:122 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) 104:145 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 18 theme n-3 177:179 arg1 PUFA 209:212 PUFA 209:212 PUFA 209:212 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 18 theme n-3 177:179 arg1 acid 203:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 150:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 150:213 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 5 19 theme nitric 780:785 arg1 iNOS 803:806 iNOS 803:806 iNOS 803:806 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 5 19 theme nitric 780:785 arg1 synthase 793:800 inducible nitric oxide synthase 770:800 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 770:818 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 6 20 theme suppressive 838:848 arg1 effect 850:855 no such suppressive effect 830:855 no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 830:954 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 5 21 theme nitric 737:742 arg1 oxide 744:748 nitric oxide 737:748 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production 682:764 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 5 21 theme nitric 737:742 arg1 NO 751:752 NO 751:752 NO 751:752 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 2 22 theme fatty 310:314 arg1 compositions 321:332 phospholipid fatty acid compositions 297:332 phospholipid fatty acid compositions 297:332 Using murine RAW264.7 cells, the objectives were to determine how ETrA modulated phospholipid fatty acid compositions and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. 24993153 1 23 theme polyunsaturated 181:195 arg1 acid 119:122 Eicosatrienoic acid 104:122 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) 104:145 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 23 theme polyunsaturated 181:195 arg1 PUFA 209:212 PUFA 209:212 PUFA 209:212 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 23 theme polyunsaturated 181:195 arg1 acid 203:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 150:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 150:213 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 24 theme Eicosatrienoic 104:117 arg1 Δ11,14,17-20:3 125:138 Δ11,14,17-20:3 125:138 Δ11,14,17-20:3 125:138 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 24 theme Eicosatrienoic 104:117 arg1 acid 119:122 Eicosatrienoic acid 104:122 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) 104:145 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 24 theme Eicosatrienoic 104:117 arg1 acid 203:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 150:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 150:213 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 6 25 theme expression 917:926 arg1 production 864:873 the production 860:873 the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 860:954 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 2 26 theme phospholipid 297:308 arg1 compositions 321:332 phospholipid fatty acid compositions 297:332 phospholipid fatty acid compositions 297:332 Using murine RAW264.7 cells, the objectives were to determine how ETrA modulated phospholipid fatty acid compositions and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. 24993153 1 27 theme fatty 197:201 arg1 acid 119:122 Eicosatrienoic acid 104:122 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) 104:145 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 27 theme fatty 197:201 arg1 PUFA 209:212 PUFA 209:212 PUFA 209:212 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 1 27 theme fatty 197:201 arg1 acid 203:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 150:206 a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 150:213 Eicosatrienoic acid (Δ11,14,17-20:3; ETrA) is a rare naturally occurring n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). 24993153 0 28 theme acid 32:35 arg1 Incorporation 0:12 Incorporation 0:12 Incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid 0:35 Incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid exerts mild anti-inflammatory properties in murine RAW264.7 cells. 24993153 5 29 theme LPS-stimulated 682:695 arg1 B 718:718 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B 682:718 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B 682:718 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 8 30 theme iNOS 1138:1141 arg1 expression 1143:1152 iNOS expression 1138:1152 iNOS expression 1138:1152 In conclusion, although ETrA suppresses significant NO synthesis and iNOS expression, this n-3 PUFA was a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA. 24993153 3 31 with cells 395:399 arg1 ETrA 406:409 ETrA 406:409 ETrA 406:409 Incubation cells with ETrA dose-dependently increased the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites to 33 % of the fatty acid total. 24993153 3 32 theme metabolites 483:493 arg1 proportions 442:452 the proportions 438:452 the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites 438:493 Incubation cells with ETrA dose-dependently increased the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites to 33 % of the fatty acid total. 24993153 3 33 theme Incubation 384:393 arg1 cells 395:399 Incubation cells 384:399 Incubation cells with ETrA 384:409 Incubation cells with ETrA dose-dependently increased the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites to 33 % of the fatty acid total. 24993153 5 34 theme nuclear 697:703 arg1 B 718:718 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B 682:718 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B 682:718 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 6 35 theme such 833:836 arg1 effect 850:855 no such suppressive effect 830:855 no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 830:954 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 8 36 from agent 1205:1209 arg1 conclusion 1072:1081 conclusion 1072:1081 conclusion 1072:1081 In conclusion, although ETrA suppresses significant NO synthesis and iNOS expression, this n-3 PUFA was a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA. 24993153 3 37 theme total 521:525 arg1 acid 516:519 the fatty acid total 506:525 the fatty acid total 506:525 Incubation cells with ETrA dose-dependently increased the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites to 33 % of the fatty acid total. 24993153 0 38 theme mild 44:47 arg1 properties 67:76 mild anti-inflammatory properties 44:76 mild anti-inflammatory properties 44:76 Incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid exerts mild anti-inflammatory properties in murine RAW264.7 cells. 24993153 6 39 theme cytokines 903:911 arg1 production 864:873 the production 860:873 the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 860:954 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 5 40 theme factor-kappa 705:716 arg1 B 718:718 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B 682:718 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B 682:718 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 2 41 theme RAW264.7 229:236 arg1 cells 238:242 murine RAW264.7 cells 222:242 murine RAW264.7 cells 222:242 Using murine RAW264.7 cells, the objectives were to determine how ETrA modulated phospholipid fatty acid compositions and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. 24993153 3 42 theme phospholipid 457:468 arg1 ETrA 470:473 phospholipid ETrA 457:473 phospholipid ETrA 457:473 Incubation cells with ETrA dose-dependently increased the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites to 33 % of the fatty acid total. 24993153 7 43 theme eicosapentaenoic 993:1008 arg1 EPA 1016:1018 EPA 1016:1018 EPA 1016:1018 As compared with ETrA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exerted a more potent anti-inflammatory effect. 24993153 7 43 theme eicosapentaenoic 993:1008 arg1 acid 1010:1013 eicosapentaenoic acid 993:1013 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 993:1019 As compared with ETrA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exerted a more potent anti-inflammatory effect. 24993153 2 44 theme murine 222:227 arg1 cells 238:242 murine RAW264.7 cells 222:242 murine RAW264.7 cells 222:242 Using murine RAW264.7 cells, the objectives were to determine how ETrA modulated phospholipid fatty acid compositions and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. 24993153 5 45 theme synthase 793:800 arg1 expression 809:818 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 770:818 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 770:818 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 8 46 theme n-3 1160:1162 arg1 PUFA 1164:1167 this n-3 PUFA 1155:1167 this n-3 PUFA 1155:1167 In conclusion, although ETrA suppresses significant NO synthesis and iNOS expression, this n-3 PUFA was a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA. 24993153 8 46 theme n-3 1160:1162 arg1 agent 1205:1209 a less potent anti-inflammatory agent 1173:1209 a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA 1173:1218 In conclusion, although ETrA suppresses significant NO synthesis and iNOS expression, this n-3 PUFA was a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA. 24993153 5 47 theme inducible 770:778 arg1 iNOS 803:806 iNOS 803:806 iNOS 803:806 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 5 47 theme inducible 770:778 arg1 synthase 793:800 inducible nitric oxide synthase 770:800 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 770:818 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 0 48 theme anti-inflammatory 49:65 arg1 properties 67:76 mild anti-inflammatory properties 44:76 mild anti-inflammatory properties 44:76 Incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid exerts mild anti-inflammatory properties in murine RAW264.7 cells. 24993153 5 49 dep -mediated 727:735 arg1 B 718:718 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B 682:718 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B 682:718 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 4 50 theme ETrA 545:548 arg1 Incorporation 528:540 Incorporation 528:540 Incorporation of ETrA 528:548 Incorporation of ETrA also reduced the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by 30 and 60 %, respectively. 24993153 4 51 theme fatty 617:621 arg1 MUFA 630:633 MUFA 630:633 MUFA 630:633 Incorporation of ETrA also reduced the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by 30 and 60 %, respectively. 24993153 4 51 theme fatty 617:621 arg1 acids 623:627 monounsaturated fatty acids 601:627 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 601:634 Incorporation of ETrA also reduced the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by 30 and 60 %, respectively. 24993153 8 52 theme NO 1121:1122 arg1 synthesis 1124:1132 significant NO synthesis 1109:1132 significant NO synthesis 1109:1132 In conclusion, although ETrA suppresses significant NO synthesis and iNOS expression, this n-3 PUFA was a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA. 24993153 2 53 theme acid 316:319 arg1 compositions 321:332 phospholipid fatty acid compositions 297:332 phospholipid fatty acid compositions 297:332 Using murine RAW264.7 cells, the objectives were to determine how ETrA modulated phospholipid fatty acid compositions and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. 24993153 4 54 theme monounsaturated 601:615 arg1 MUFA 630:633 MUFA 630:633 MUFA 630:633 Incorporation of ETrA also reduced the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by 30 and 60 %, respectively. 24993153 4 54 theme monounsaturated 601:615 arg1 acids 623:627 monounsaturated fatty acids 601:627 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 601:634 Incorporation of ETrA also reduced the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by 30 and 60 %, respectively. 24993153 0 55 theme murine 81:86 arg1 cells 97:101 murine RAW264.7 cells 81:101 murine RAW264.7 cells 81:101 Incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid exerts mild anti-inflammatory properties in murine RAW264.7 cells. 24993153 8 56 theme anti-inflammatory 1187:1203 arg1 PUFA 1164:1167 this n-3 PUFA 1155:1167 this n-3 PUFA 1155:1167 In conclusion, although ETrA suppresses significant NO synthesis and iNOS expression, this n-3 PUFA was a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA. 24993153 8 56 theme anti-inflammatory 1187:1203 arg1 agent 1205:1209 a less potent anti-inflammatory agent 1173:1209 a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA 1173:1218 In conclusion, although ETrA suppresses significant NO synthesis and iNOS expression, this n-3 PUFA was a less potent anti-inflammatory agent than EPA. 24993153 2 57 theme mediators 373:381 arg1 compositions 321:332 phospholipid fatty acid compositions 297:332 phospholipid fatty acid compositions 297:332 Using murine RAW264.7 cells, the objectives were to determine how ETrA modulated phospholipid fatty acid compositions and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. 24993153 2 57 theme mediators 373:381 arg1 production 342:351 the production 338:351 the production of pro-inflammatory mediators 338:381 Using murine RAW264.7 cells, the objectives were to determine how ETrA modulated phospholipid fatty acid compositions and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. 24993153 3 58 theme ETrA 470:473 arg1 proportions 442:452 the proportions 438:452 the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites 438:493 Incubation cells with ETrA dose-dependently increased the proportions of phospholipid ETrA and its metabolites to 33 % of the fatty acid total. 24993153 5 59 theme oxide 744:748 arg1 production 755:764 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production 682:764 LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production 682:764 ETrA suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 24993153 6 60 theme E2 892:893 arg1 production 864:873 the production 860:873 the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 860:954 However, no such suppressive effect on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, or expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was observed. 24993153 0 61 theme eicosatrienoic 17:30 arg1 acid 32:35 eicosatrienoic acid 17:35 eicosatrienoic acid 17:35 Incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid exerts mild anti-inflammatory properties in murine RAW264.7 cells. 24993153 2 62 theme pro-inflammatory 356:371 arg1 mediators 373:381 pro-inflammatory mediators 356:381 pro-inflammatory mediators 356:381 Using murine RAW264.7 cells, the objectives were to determine how ETrA modulated phospholipid fatty acid compositions and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. 24993153 4 63 theme acids 623:627 arg1 proportions 567:577 the proportions 563:577 the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 563:634 Incorporation of ETrA also reduced the proportions of total n-6 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by 30 and 60 %, respectively. 25872956 3 0 theme novel 335:339 arg1 able 356:359 able 356:359 able 356:359 The novel organisms were able to degrade crystalline cellulose. 25872956 3 0 theme novel 335:339 arg1 organisms 341:349 The novel organisms 331:349 The novel organisms 331:349 The novel organisms were able to degrade crystalline cellulose. 25872956 12 1 theme gen. 1360:1363 arg1 sp 1371:1372 sp 1371:1372 sp 1371:1372 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 12 1 theme gen. 1360:1363 arg1 nov. 1365:1368 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1331:1368 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1331:1368 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 8 2 theme acid 1012:1015 arg1 ester 1024:1028  0 fatty acid methyl ester 1003:1028  0 fatty acid methyl ester 1003:1028 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 4 3 theme family 515:520 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 522:536 the family Lachnospiraceae 511:536 the family Lachnospiraceae 511:536 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolates formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Lachnospiraceae. 25872956 1 4 dep bacterium 85:93 arg1 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov., a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor. 25872956 9 5 theme 36.6 mol 1075:1082 arg1 content 1063:1069 The DNA G+C content 1051:1069 The DNA G+C content 1051:1069 The DNA G+C content was 36.6 mol%. 25872956 9 5 theme 36.6 mol 1075:1082 arg1 % 1083:1083 36.6 mol% 1075:1083 36.6 mol% 1075:1083 The DNA G+C content was 36.6 mol%. 25872956 6 6 theme closest 636:642 arg1 sibirica 722:729 Mobilitalea sibirica 710:729 Mobilitalea sibirica 710:729 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 6 6 theme closest 636:642 arg1 relative 644:651 The closest relative 632:651 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names 632:705 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 6 7 theme 16S 746:748 arg1 similarity 769:778 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 740:778 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 740:778 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 6 8 with taxa 673:676 arg1 names 701:705 validly published names 683:705 validly published names 683:705 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 4 9 theme sequence 421:428 arg1 analysis 430:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 395:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 395:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolates formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Lachnospiraceae. 25872956 6 10 theme T3/55T 656:661 arg1 sibirica 722:729 Mobilitalea sibirica 710:729 Mobilitalea sibirica 710:729 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 6 10 theme T3/55T 656:661 arg1 relative 644:651 The closest relative 632:651 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names 632:705 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 10 11 dep sp 1153:1154 arg1 nov. 1147:1150 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1113:1150 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1113:1150 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 10 11 dep sp 1153:1154 arg1 species 1104:1110 species 1104:1110 species 1104:1110 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 10 11 dep sp 1153:1154 arg1 genus 1094:1098 A novel genus 1086:1098 A novel genus 1086:1098 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 3 12 theme crystalline 372:382 arg1 cellulose 384:392 crystalline cellulose 372:392 crystalline cellulose 372:392 The novel organisms were able to degrade crystalline cellulose. 25872956 11 13 theme physiological 1210:1222 arg1 properties 1224:1233 physiological properties 1210:1233 physiological properties 1210:1233 nov., is proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 25872956 4 14 theme comparative 409:419 arg1 analysis 430:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 395:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 395:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolates formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Lachnospiraceae. 25872956 2 15 theme thermophilic 304:315 arg1 plant 324:328 a thermophilic biogas plant 302:328 a thermophilic biogas plant 302:328 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 5 16 theme group 572:576 arg1 T3/55T 598:603 strain T3/55T 591:603 strain T3/55T 591:603 As a representative of the whole group of isolates, strain T3/55T was further characterized. 25872956 5 16 theme group 572:576 arg1 representative 544:557 a representative 542:557 a representative of the whole group of isolates 542:588 As a representative of the whole group of isolates, strain T3/55T was further characterized. 25872956 11 17 theme phylogenetic 1184:1195 arg1 analysis 1197:1204 phylogenetic analysis 1184:1204 phylogenetic analysis 1184:1204 nov., is proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 25872956 8 18 theme methyl 1017:1022 arg1 ester 1024:1028  0 fatty acid methyl ester 1003:1028  0 fatty acid methyl ester 1003:1028 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 12 19 theme Herbinix 1331:1338 arg1 sp 1371:1372 sp 1371:1372 sp 1371:1372 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 12 19 theme Herbinix 1331:1338 arg1 nov. 1365:1368 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1331:1368 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1331:1368 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 6 20 theme % 744:744 arg1 similarity 769:778 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 740:778 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 740:778 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 2 21 theme phylogenetic 155:166 arg1 studies 168:174 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies 140:174 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies 140:174 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 8 22 theme dimethyl 982:989 arg1 16  999:1001 16  999:1001 16  999:1001 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 22 theme dimethyl 982:989 arg1 acetal 991:996  0 dimethyl acetal 979:996  0 dimethyl acetal 979:996 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 1 23 theme thermophilic 52:63 arg1 bacterium 85:93 a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium 50:93 a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor 50:137 nov., a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor. 25872956 6 24 theme 93.9 740:743 arg1 % 744:744 % 744:744 % 744:744 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 4 25 theme 16S 395:397 arg1 analysis 430:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 395:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 395:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolates formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Lachnospiraceae. 25872956 1 26 theme cellulose-degrading 65:83 arg1 bacterium 85:93 a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium 50:93 a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor 50:137 nov., a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor. 25872956 0 27 theme hemicellulosilytica 9:27 arg1 nov. 34:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 2 28 theme Phenotypic 140:149 arg1 studies 168:174 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies 140:174 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies 140:174 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 8 29 theme  0 1038:1039 arg1 aldehyde 1041:1048  0 aldehyde 1038:1048  0 aldehyde 1038:1048 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 12 30 theme type 1316:1319 arg1 strain 1321:1326 the type strain 1312:1326 the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp 1312:1372 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 9 31 theme DNA 1055:1057 arg1 content 1063:1069 The DNA G+C content 1051:1069 The DNA G+C content 1051:1069 The DNA G+C content was 36.6 mol%. 25872956 9 31 theme DNA 1055:1057 arg1 % 1083:1083 36.6 mol% 1075:1083 36.6 mol% 1075:1083 The DNA G+C content was 36.6 mol%. 25872956 12 32 theme Strain 1257:1262 arg1 T3/55T 1264:1269 Strain T3/55T 1257:1269 Strain T3/55T 1257:1269 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 12 32 theme Strain 1257:1262 arg1 8801T 1293:1297  = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T 1272:1297  = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T 1272:1297 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 0 33 theme Herbinix 0:7 arg1 nov. 34:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 10 34 theme novel 1088:1092 arg1 nov. 1147:1150 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1113:1150 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1113:1150 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 10 34 theme novel 1088:1092 arg1 genus 1094:1098 A novel genus 1086:1098 A novel genus 1086:1098 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 11 35 theme isolate 1248:1254 arg1 analysis 1197:1204 phylogenetic analysis 1184:1204 phylogenetic analysis 1184:1204 nov., is proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 25872956 11 35 theme isolate 1248:1254 arg1 properties 1224:1233 physiological properties 1210:1233 physiological properties 1210:1233 nov., is proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 25872956 4 36 theme gene 404:407 arg1 analysis 430:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 395:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 395:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolates formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Lachnospiraceae. 25872956 8 37 dep acetal 991:996 arg1 16  1034:1036 16  1034:1036 16  1034:1036 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 37 dep acetal 991:996 arg1 aldehyde 1041:1048  0 aldehyde 1038:1048  0 aldehyde 1038:1048 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 37 dep acetal 991:996 arg1 ester 1024:1028  0 fatty acid methyl ester 1003:1028  0 fatty acid methyl ester 1003:1028 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 38 theme fatty 1006:1010 arg1 acid 1012:1015  0 fatty acid 1003:1015  0 fatty acid methyl ester 1003:1028 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 39 theme  0 1003:1004 arg1 acid 1012:1015  0 fatty acid 1003:1015  0 fatty acid methyl ester 1003:1028 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 4 40 theme rRNA 399:402 arg1 analysis 430:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 395:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis 395:437 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolates formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Lachnospiraceae. 25872956 6 41 theme Mobilitalea 710:720 arg1 sibirica 722:729 Mobilitalea sibirica 710:729 Mobilitalea sibirica 710:729 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 6 41 theme Mobilitalea 710:720 arg1 relative 644:651 The closest relative 632:651 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names 632:705 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 0 42 theme gen. 29:32 arg1 nov. 34:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 12 43 theme nov. 1365:1368 arg1 strain 1321:1326 the type strain 1312:1326 the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp 1312:1372 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 2 44 theme new 194:196 arg1 isolates 198:205 new isolates 194:205 new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant 194:328 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 2 45 theme biogas 317:322 arg1 plant 324:328 a thermophilic biogas plant 302:328 a thermophilic biogas plant 302:328 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 8 46 theme cellular 943:950 arg1 acids 958:962 The major cellular fatty acids 933:962 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) 933:968 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 46 theme cellular 943:950 arg1 % 967:967 >1% 965:967 >1% 965:967 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 46 theme cellular 943:950 arg1 16  975:977 16  975:977 16  975:977 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 2 47 dep Gram-stain-positive 218:236 arg1 anaerobic 239:247 anaerobic 239:247 anaerobic 239:247 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 2 47 dep Gram-stain-positive 218:236 arg1 rod-shaped 267:276 rod-shaped 267:276 rod-shaped 267:276 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 2 47 dep Gram-stain-positive 218:236 arg1 non-sporulating 250:264 non-sporulating 250:264 non-sporulating 250:264 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 8 48 theme  0 979:980 arg1 16  999:1001 16  999:1001 16  999:1001 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 48 theme  0 979:980 arg1 acetal 991:996  0 dimethyl acetal 979:996  0 dimethyl acetal 979:996 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 7 49 theme end 893:895 arg1 products 897:904 major end products 887:904 major end products from cellulose metabolism 887:930 Strain T3/55T was catalase-negative, indole-negative, and produced acetate, ethanol and propionic acid as major end products from cellulose metabolism. 25872956 11 50 theme novel 1242:1246 arg1 isolate 1248:1254 the novel isolate 1238:1254 the novel isolate 1238:1254 nov., is proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. 25872956 8 51 theme fatty 952:956 arg1 acids 958:962 The major cellular fatty acids 933:962 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) 933:968 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 51 theme fatty 952:956 arg1 % 967:967 >1% 965:967 >1% 965:967 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 51 theme fatty 952:956 arg1 16  975:977 16  975:977 16  975:977 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 52 theme major 937:941 arg1 acids 958:962 The major cellular fatty acids 933:962 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) 933:968 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 52 theme major 937:941 arg1 % 967:967 >1% 965:967 >1% 965:967 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 52 theme major 937:941 arg1 16  975:977 16  975:977 16  975:977 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 53 dep 16  975:977 arg1 16  999:1001 16  999:1001 16  999:1001 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 8 53 dep 16  975:977 arg1 acetal 991:996  0 dimethyl acetal 979:996  0 dimethyl acetal 979:996 The major cellular fatty acids (>1%) were 16 : 0 dimethyl acetal, 16 : 0 fatty acid methyl ester and 16 : 0 aldehyde. 25872956 1 54 attach isolated 95:102 arg1 reactor 131:137 a thermophilic biogas reactor 109:137 a thermophilic biogas reactor 109:137 nov., a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor. 25872956 1 54 attach isolated 95:102 arg2 bacterium 85:93 a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium 50:93 a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor 50:137 nov., a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor. 25872956 9 55 theme G+C 1059:1061 arg1 content 1063:1069 The DNA G+C content 1051:1069 The DNA G+C content 1051:1069 The DNA G+C content was 36.6 mol%. 25872956 9 55 theme G+C 1059:1061 arg1 % 1083:1083 36.6 mol% 1075:1083 36.6 mol% 1075:1083 The DNA G+C content was 36.6 mol%. 25872956 7 56 theme major 887:891 arg1 products 897:904 major end products 887:904 major end products from cellulose metabolism 887:930 Strain T3/55T was catalase-negative, indole-negative, and produced acetate, ethanol and propionic acid as major end products from cellulose metabolism. 25872956 4 57 theme unknown 488:494 arg1 subline 496:502 a hitherto unknown subline 477:502 a hitherto unknown subline within the family Lachnospiraceae 477:536 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolates formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Lachnospiraceae. 25872956 0 58 dep sp 40:41 arg1 nov. 34:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:37 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 5 59 theme isolates 581:588 arg1 isolates 581:588 isolates 581:588 isolates 581:588 As a representative of the whole group of isolates, strain T3/55T was further characterized. 25872956 5 59 theme isolates 581:588 arg1 group 572:576 the whole group 562:576 the whole group of isolates 562:588 As a representative of the whole group of isolates, strain T3/55T was further characterized. 25872956 1 60 theme thermophilic 111:122 arg1 reactor 131:137 a thermophilic biogas reactor 109:137 a thermophilic biogas reactor 109:137 nov., a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor. 25872956 2 61 attach isolated 288:295 arg2 bacterium 278:286 a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium 210:286 a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant 210:328 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 2 61 attach isolated 288:295 arg1 plant 324:328 a thermophilic biogas plant 302:328 a thermophilic biogas plant 302:328 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 2 62 theme novel 212:216 arg1 bacterium 278:286 a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium 210:286 a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant 210:328 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 2 63 theme Gram-stain-positive 218:236 arg1 bacterium 278:286 a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium 210:286 a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant 210:328 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 1 64 theme biogas 124:129 arg1 reactor 131:137 a thermophilic biogas reactor 109:137 a thermophilic biogas reactor 109:137 nov., a thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor. 25872956 6 65 theme published 691:699 arg1 names 701:705 validly published names 683:705 validly published names 683:705 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 2 66 theme bacterium 278:286 arg1 isolates 198:205 new isolates 194:205 new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant 194:328 Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on new isolates of a novel Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas plant. 25872956 5 67 theme strain 591:596 arg1 T3/55T 598:603 strain T3/55T 591:603 strain T3/55T 591:603 As a representative of the whole group of isolates, strain T3/55T was further characterized. 25872956 5 67 theme strain 591:596 arg1 representative 544:557 a representative 542:557 a representative of the whole group of isolates 542:588 As a representative of the whole group of isolates, strain T3/55T was further characterized. 25872956 6 68 theme rRNA 750:753 arg1 similarity 769:778 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 740:778 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 740:778 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 7 69 theme Strain 781:786 arg1 T3/55T 788:793 Strain T3/55T 781:793 Strain T3/55T 781:793 Strain T3/55T was catalase-negative, indole-negative, and produced acetate, ethanol and propionic acid as major end products from cellulose metabolism. 25872956 7 70 from metabolism 921:930 arg1 products 897:904 major end products 887:904 major end products from cellulose metabolism 887:930 Strain T3/55T was catalase-negative, indole-negative, and produced acetate, ethanol and propionic acid as major end products from cellulose metabolism. 25872956 12 71 theme hemicellulosilytica 1340:1358 arg1 sp 1371:1372 sp 1371:1372 sp 1371:1372 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 12 71 theme hemicellulosilytica 1340:1358 arg1 nov. 1365:1368 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1331:1368 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1331:1368 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 6 72 theme sequence 760:767 arg1 similarity 769:778 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 740:778 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 740:778 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 7 73 theme propionic 869:877 arg1 acid 879:882 propionic acid 869:882 propionic acid 869:882 Strain T3/55T was catalase-negative, indole-negative, and produced acetate, ethanol and propionic acid as major end products from cellulose metabolism. 25872956 10 74 theme gen. 1142:1145 arg1 nov. 1147:1150 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1113:1150 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1113:1150 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 10 74 theme gen. 1142:1145 arg1 genus 1094:1098 A novel genus 1086:1098 A novel genus 1086:1098 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 12 75 theme 29228T = CECT 1279:1291 arg1 T3/55T 1264:1269 Strain T3/55T 1257:1269 Strain T3/55T 1257:1269 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 12 75 theme 29228T = CECT 1279:1291 arg1 8801T 1293:1297  = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T 1272:1297  = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T 1272:1297 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 6 76 theme gene 755:758 arg1 similarity 769:778 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 740:778 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 740:778 The closest relative of T3/55T among the taxa with validly published names is Mobilitalea sibirica, sharing 93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 25872956 10 77 theme hemicellulosilytica 1122:1140 arg1 nov. 1147:1150 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1113:1150 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1113:1150 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 10 77 theme hemicellulosilytica 1122:1140 arg1 genus 1094:1098 A novel genus 1086:1098 A novel genus 1086:1098 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 12 78 theme  = DSM 1272:1277 arg1 T3/55T 1264:1269 Strain T3/55T 1257:1269 Strain T3/55T 1257:1269 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 12 78 theme  = DSM 1272:1277 arg1 8801T 1293:1297  = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T 1272:1297  = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T 1272:1297 Strain T3/55T ( = DSM 29228T = CECT 8801T), represents the type strain of Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 5 79 theme whole 566:570 arg1 isolates 581:588 isolates 581:588 isolates 581:588 As a representative of the whole group of isolates, strain T3/55T was further characterized. 25872956 5 79 theme whole 566:570 arg1 group 572:576 the whole group 562:576 the whole group of isolates 562:588 As a representative of the whole group of isolates, strain T3/55T was further characterized. 25872956 7 80 theme cellulose 911:919 arg1 metabolism 921:930 cellulose metabolism 911:930 cellulose metabolism 911:930 Strain T3/55T was catalase-negative, indole-negative, and produced acetate, ethanol and propionic acid as major end products from cellulose metabolism. 25872956 10 81 theme Herbinix 1113:1120 arg1 nov. 1147:1150 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1113:1150 Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov. 1113:1150 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25872956 10 81 theme Herbinix 1113:1120 arg1 genus 1094:1098 A novel genus 1086:1098 A novel genus 1086:1098 A novel genus and species, Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27925474 0 0 theme stem 94:97 arg1 cells 99:103 bovine mesenchymal stem cells 75:103 bovine mesenchymal stem cells 75:103 Fiber development and matrix production in tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes. 27925474 12 1 theme MSCs 1538:1541 arg1 capabilities 1569:1580 the matrix remodeling capabilities 1547:1580 the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs 1547:1588 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 12 1 theme MSCs 1538:1541 arg1 properties 1524:1533 the synthetic properties 1510:1533 the synthetic properties of MSCs 1510:1541 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 0 2 theme mesenchymal 82:92 arg1 cells 99:103 bovine mesenchymal stem cells 75:103 bovine mesenchymal stem cells 75:103 Fiber development and matrix production in tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes. 27925474 0 3 from development 6:16 arg1 menisci 61:67 tissue-engineered menisci 43:67 tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes 43:125 Fiber development and matrix production in tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes. 27925474 8 4 theme co-culture 1162:1171 arg1 groups 1189:1194 both co-culture and monoculture groups 1157:1194 groups 1189:1194 MSCs increased the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen production in both co-culture and monoculture groups compared to FCC monoculture. 27925474 6 5 theme boundary 900:907 arg1 condition 909:917 a static mechanical boundary condition 880:917 a static mechanical boundary condition previously shown to induce formation of oriented fiber by FCCs 880:980 Mechanical fixation generates a static mechanical boundary condition previously shown to induce formation of oriented fiber by FCCs. 27925474 2 6 theme matrix 301:306 arg1 production 314:323 extracellular matrix (ECM) production 287:323 extracellular matrix (ECM) production 287:323 While MSCs are known to contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) production, less is known about how MSCs produce and align large organized fibers for application to tissue engineering the meniscus. 27925474 4 7 theme type 729:732 arg1 co-culture 705:714 co-culture 705:714 co-culture 705:714 Bovine FCCs and MSCs were encapsulated in an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus using monoculture and co-culture of each cell type. 27925474 4 7 theme type 729:732 arg1 monoculture 689:699 monoculture 689:699 monoculture 689:699 Bovine FCCs and MSCs were encapsulated in an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus using monoculture and co-culture of each cell type. 27925474 11 8 theme fiber 1435:1439 arg1 formation 1441:1449 fiber formation 1435:1449 fiber formation 1435:1449 This study suggests that GAG production and fiber formation are linked. 27925474 6 9 theme mechanical 889:898 arg1 condition 909:917 a static mechanical boundary condition 880:917 a static mechanical boundary condition previously shown to induce formation of oriented fiber by FCCs 880:980 Mechanical fixation generates a static mechanical boundary condition previously shown to induce formation of oriented fiber by FCCs. 27925474 2 10 theme extracellular 287:299 arg1 ECM 309:311 ECM 309:311 ECM 309:311 While MSCs are known to contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) production, less is known about how MSCs produce and align large organized fibers for application to tissue engineering the meniscus. 27925474 2 10 theme extracellular 287:299 arg1 matrix 301:306 extracellular matrix 287:306 extracellular matrix (ECM) production 287:323 While MSCs are known to contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) production, less is known about how MSCs produce and align large organized fibers for application to tissue engineering the meniscus. 27925474 10 11 theme increased 1305:1313 arg1 production 1322:1331 increased matrix production 1305:1331 increased matrix production 1305:1331 While MSCs had increased matrix production, they lacked the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs. 27925474 8 12 theme monoculture 1177:1187 arg1 groups 1189:1194 both co-culture and monoculture groups 1157:1194 groups 1189:1194 MSCs increased the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen production in both co-culture and monoculture groups compared to FCC monoculture. 27925474 6 13 theme static 882:887 arg1 condition 909:917 a static mechanical boundary condition 880:917 a static mechanical boundary condition previously shown to induce formation of oriented fiber by FCCs 880:980 Mechanical fixation generates a static mechanical boundary condition previously shown to induce formation of oriented fiber by FCCs. 27925474 2 14 dep engineering 422:432 arg1 meniscus 438:445 the meniscus 434:445 the meniscus 434:445 While MSCs are known to contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) production, less is known about how MSCs produce and align large organized fibers for application to tissue engineering the meniscus. 27925474 3 15 theme MSCs 508:511 arg1 capability 494:503 the capability 490:503 the capability of MSCs to produce and organize ECM molecules compared to meniscal fibrochondrocytes (FCCs) 490:595 The goal of this study was to investigate the capability of MSCs to produce and organize ECM molecules compared to meniscal fibrochondrocytes (FCCs). 27925474 2 16 theme organized 379:387 arg1 fibers 389:394 large organized fibers 373:394 large organized fibers for application to tissue engineering the meniscus 373:445 While MSCs are known to contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) production, less is known about how MSCs produce and align large organized fibers for application to tissue engineering the meniscus. 27925474 12 17 theme matrix 1551:1556 arg1 capabilities 1569:1580 the matrix remodeling capabilities 1547:1580 the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs 1547:1588 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 2 18 theme large 373:377 arg1 fibers 389:394 large organized fibers 373:394 large organized fibers for application to tissue engineering the meniscus 373:445 While MSCs are known to contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) production, less is known about how MSCs produce and align large organized fibers for application to tissue engineering the meniscus. 27925474 10 19 contain had 1301:1303 arg2 production 1322:1331 increased matrix production 1305:1331 increased matrix production 1305:1331 While MSCs had increased matrix production, they lacked the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs. 27925474 10 19 contain had 1301:1303 arg1 MSCs 1296:1299 MSCs 1296:1299 MSCs 1296:1299 While MSCs had increased matrix production, they lacked the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs. 27925474 0 20 from production 29:38 arg1 menisci 61:67 tissue-engineered menisci 43:67 tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes 43:125 Fiber development and matrix production in tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes. 27925474 8 21 theme collagen 1134:1141 arg1 production 1143:1152 collagen production 1134:1152 collagen production 1134:1152 MSCs increased the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen production in both co-culture and monoculture groups compared to FCC monoculture. 27925474 4 22 theme cell 724:727 arg1 type 729:732 each cell type 719:732 each cell type 719:732 Bovine FCCs and MSCs were encapsulated in an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus using monoculture and co-culture of each cell type. 27925474 1 23 theme promising 186:194 arg1 results 196:202 promising results 186:202 promising results for meniscus healing and tissue engineering 186:246 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated with promising results for meniscus healing and tissue engineering. 27925474 0 24 theme Fiber 0:4 arg1 development 6:16 Fiber development 0:16 Fiber development 0:16 Fiber development and matrix production in tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes. 27925474 9 25 theme Collagen 1225:1232 arg1 organization 1234:1245 Collagen organization 1225:1245 Collagen organization 1225:1245 Collagen organization was greatest in the FCC monoculture group. 27925474 11 26 theme GAG 1416:1418 arg1 production 1420:1429 GAG production 1416:1429 GAG production 1416:1429 This study suggests that GAG production and fiber formation are linked. 27925474 0 27 theme matrix 22:27 arg1 production 29:38 matrix production 22:38 matrix production 22:38 Fiber development and matrix production in tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes. 27925474 7 28 theme fiber 1068:1072 arg1 development 1074:1084 fiber development 1068:1084 fiber development 1068:1084 Samples were cultured for 4 weeks and then evaluated for biochemical composition and fiber development. 27925474 12 29 theme remodeling 1558:1567 arg1 capabilities 1569:1580 the matrix remodeling capabilities 1547:1580 the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs 1547:1588 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 2 30 theme tissue 415:420 arg1 engineering 422:432 tissue engineering 415:432 tissue engineering 415:432 While MSCs are known to contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) production, less is known about how MSCs produce and align large organized fibers for application to tissue engineering the meniscus. 27925474 6 31 theme fiber 968:972 arg1 formation 946:954 formation 946:954 formation of oriented fiber 946:972 Mechanical fixation generates a static mechanical boundary condition previously shown to induce formation of oriented fiber by FCCs. 27925474 3 32 theme ECM 537:539 arg1 molecules 541:549 ECM molecules 537:549 ECM molecules 537:549 The goal of this study was to investigate the capability of MSCs to produce and organize ECM molecules compared to meniscal fibrochondrocytes (FCCs). 27925474 1 33 theme meniscus 208:215 arg1 healing 217:223 meniscus healing 208:223 meniscus healing 208:223 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated with promising results for meniscus healing and tissue engineering. 27925474 6 34 theme oriented 959:966 arg1 fiber 968:972 oriented fiber 959:972 oriented fiber 959:972 Mechanical fixation generates a static mechanical boundary condition previously shown to induce formation of oriented fiber by FCCs. 27925474 6 35 theme Mechanical 850:859 arg1 fixation 861:868 Mechanical fixation 850:868 Mechanical fixation 850:868 Mechanical fixation generates a static mechanical boundary condition previously shown to induce formation of oriented fiber by FCCs. 27925474 10 36 theme matrix 1315:1320 arg1 production 1322:1331 increased matrix production 1305:1331 increased matrix production 1305:1331 While MSCs had increased matrix production, they lacked the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs. 27925474 8 37 theme FCC 1208:1210 arg1 monoculture 1212:1222 FCC monoculture 1208:1222 FCC monoculture 1208:1222 MSCs increased the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen production in both co-culture and monoculture groups compared to FCC monoculture. 27925474 10 38 theme organization 1356:1367 arg1 capabilities 1369:1380 the fiber organization capabilities 1346:1380 the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs 1346:1388 While MSCs had increased matrix production, they lacked the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs. 27925474 5 39 theme meniscal 831:838 arg1 entheses 840:847 the meniscal entheses 827:847 the meniscal entheses 827:847 Each meniscus was mechanically anchored at the horns to mimic the physiological fixation by the meniscal entheses. 27925474 12 40 theme FCCs 1585:1588 arg1 capabilities 1569:1580 the matrix remodeling capabilities 1547:1580 the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs 1547:1588 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 12 40 theme FCCs 1585:1588 arg1 properties 1524:1533 the synthetic properties 1510:1533 the synthetic properties of MSCs 1510:1541 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 12 41 theme synthetic 1514:1522 arg1 properties 1524:1533 the synthetic properties 1510:1533 the synthetic properties of MSCs 1510:1541 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 10 42 theme fiber 1350:1354 arg1 capabilities 1369:1380 the fiber organization capabilities 1346:1380 the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs 1346:1388 While MSCs had increased matrix production, they lacked the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs. 27925474 1 43 theme Mesenchymal 128:138 arg1 cells 145:149 Mesenchymal stem cells 128:149 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 128:156 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated with promising results for meniscus healing and tissue engineering. 27925474 1 43 theme Mesenchymal 128:138 arg1 MSCs 152:155 MSCs 152:155 MSCs 152:155 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated with promising results for meniscus healing and tissue engineering. 27925474 0 44 theme tissue-engineered 43:59 arg1 menisci 61:67 tissue-engineered menisci 43:67 tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes 43:125 Fiber development and matrix production in tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes. 27925474 12 45 theme engineering 1601:1611 arg1 applications 1613:1624 tissue engineering applications 1594:1624 tissue engineering applications 1594:1624 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 7 46 theme biochemical 1040:1050 arg1 composition 1052:1062 biochemical composition 1040:1062 biochemical composition 1040:1062 Samples were cultured for 4 weeks and then evaluated for biochemical composition and fiber development. 27925474 9 47 theme FCC 1267:1269 arg1 group 1283:1287 the FCC monoculture group 1263:1287 the FCC monoculture group 1263:1287 Collagen organization was greatest in the FCC monoculture group. 27925474 3 48 theme meniscal 563:570 arg1 fibrochondrocytes 572:588 meniscal fibrochondrocytes 563:588 meniscal fibrochondrocytes (FCCs) 563:595 The goal of this study was to investigate the capability of MSCs to produce and organize ECM molecules compared to meniscal fibrochondrocytes (FCCs). 27925474 3 48 theme meniscal 563:570 arg1 FCCs 591:594 FCCs 591:594 FCCs 591:594 The goal of this study was to investigate the capability of MSCs to produce and organize ECM molecules compared to meniscal fibrochondrocytes (FCCs). 27925474 1 49 theme stem 140:143 arg1 cells 145:149 Mesenchymal stem cells 128:149 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 128:156 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated with promising results for meniscus healing and tissue engineering. 27925474 1 49 theme stem 140:143 arg1 MSCs 152:155 MSCs 152:155 MSCs 152:155 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated with promising results for meniscus healing and tissue engineering. 27925474 12 50 theme tissue 1594:1599 arg1 applications 1613:1624 tissue engineering applications 1594:1624 tissue engineering applications 1594:1624 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 9 51 theme monoculture 1271:1281 arg1 group 1283:1287 the FCC monoculture group 1263:1287 the FCC monoculture group 1263:1287 Collagen organization was greatest in the FCC monoculture group. 27925474 1 52 theme tissue 229:234 arg1 engineering 236:246 tissue engineering 229:246 tissue engineering 229:246 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated with promising results for meniscus healing and tissue engineering. 27925474 3 53 theme study 465:469 arg1 goal 452:455 The goal 448:455 The goal of this study 448:469 The goal of this study was to investigate the capability of MSCs to produce and organize ECM molecules compared to meniscal fibrochondrocytes (FCCs). 27925474 12 54 used used 1481:1484 arg2 Co-culture 1463:1472 Co-culture 1463:1472 Co-culture 1463:1472 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 12 54 used used 1481:1484 arg2 means 1491:1495 a means 1489:1495 a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications 1489:1624 Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications. 27925474 0 55 theme bovine 75:80 arg1 cells 99:103 bovine mesenchymal stem cells 75:103 bovine mesenchymal stem cells 75:103 Fiber development and matrix production in tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes. 27925474 10 56 theme FCCs 1385:1388 arg1 capabilities 1369:1380 the fiber organization capabilities 1346:1380 the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs 1346:1388 While MSCs had increased matrix production, they lacked the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs. 27925474 4 57 theme collagen 665:672 arg1 meniscus 674:681 an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus 640:681 an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus using monoculture and co-culture of each cell type 640:732 Bovine FCCs and MSCs were encapsulated in an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus using monoculture and co-culture of each cell type. 27925474 4 58 theme Bovine 598:603 arg1 FCCs 605:608 Bovine FCCs 598:608 Bovine FCCs 598:608 Bovine FCCs and MSCs were encapsulated in an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus using monoculture and co-culture of each cell type. 27925474 5 59 theme physiological 801:813 arg1 fixation 815:822 the physiological fixation 797:822 the physiological fixation by the meniscal entheses 797:847 Each meniscus was mechanically anchored at the horns to mimic the physiological fixation by the meniscal entheses. 27925474 4 60 theme accurate 656:663 arg1 meniscus 674:681 an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus 640:681 an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus using monoculture and co-culture of each cell type 640:732 Bovine FCCs and MSCs were encapsulated in an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus using monoculture and co-culture of each cell type. 27065261 7 0 theme cells 1264:1268 arg1 proportion 1219:1228 The relative proportion 1206:1228 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells 1206:1268 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 7 0 theme cells 1264:1268 arg1 higher 1330:1335 higher 1330:1335 higher 1330:1335 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 7 0 theme cells 1264:1268 arg1 expression 1304:1313 proinflammatory cytokine gene expression 1274:1313 proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) 1274:1324 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 11 1 theme species-specific 1835:1850 arg1 factors 1863:1869 species-specific protective factors 1835:1869 species-specific protective factors 1835:1869 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 9 2 theme FO-fed 1620:1625 arg1 piglets 1627:1633 FO-fed piglets 1620:1633 FO-fed piglets 1620:1633 Epithelial permeability toward fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was higher and expression of claudin-4 was lower in FO-fed piglets ( < 0.05). 27065261 7 3 theme natural 1249:1255 arg1 cells 1264:1268 intraepithelial natural killer cells 1233:1268 intraepithelial natural killer cells 1233:1268 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 4 4 theme disaccharidase 747:760 arg1 activity 762:769 disaccharidase activity 747:769 disaccharidase activity 747:769 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 1 5 theme nursing 258:264 arg1 capacity 266:273 limited nursing capacity 250:273 limited nursing capacity of sows 250:281 Artificial rearing and formula feeding is coming more into the focus due to increasing litter sizes and limited nursing capacity of sows. 27065261 3 6 theme milk 629:632 arg1 [SM 634:636 sow milk [SM 625:636 sow milk [SM 625:636 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 6 theme milk 629:632 arg1 sow 620:622 the sow 616:622 the sow (sow milk [SM]) 616:638 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 7 theme milk-based 493:502 arg1 formula 504:510 a bovine milk-based formula 484:510 a bovine milk-based formula (FO) 484:515 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 7 theme milk-based 493:502 arg1 FO 513:514 FO 513:514 FO 513:514 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 8 8 theme caspase 1442:1448 arg1 area 1411:1414 larger villus area 1397:1414 larger villus area 1397:1414 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 8 theme caspase 1442:1448 arg1 crypts 1389:1394 deeper crypts 1382:1394 deeper crypts 1382:1394 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 8 theme caspase 1442:1448 arg1 expression 1428:1437 higher expression 1421:1437 higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05) 1421:1499 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 7 9 theme relative 1210:1217 arg1 proportion 1219:1228 The relative proportion 1206:1228 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells 1206:1268 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 7 9 theme relative 1210:1217 arg1 higher 1330:1335 higher 1330:1335 higher 1330:1335 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 4 10 theme functional 729:738 arg1 changes 853:859 structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes 694:859 structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes 694:859 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 6 11 theme much 1026:1029 arg1 lactose 1031:1037 much lactose 1026:1037 much lactose 1026:1037 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 10 12 theme bovine 1684:1689 arg1 compounds 1702:1710 bovine milk-based compounds 1684:1710 bovine milk-based compounds 1684:1710 The data suggest an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function. 27065261 11 13 theme protective 1852:1861 arg1 factors 1863:1869 species-specific protective factors 1835:1869 species-specific protective factors 1835:1869 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 8 14 theme cell 1470:1473 arg1 < 1493:1493 < 0.05 1493:1498 < 0.05 1493:1498 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 14 theme cell 1470:1473 arg1 antigen 1483:1489 proliferating cell nuclear antigen 1456:1489 proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05) 1456:1499 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 6 15 dep lower 1122:1126 arg1 < 1130:1130 < 0.05 1130:1135 < 0.05 1130:1135 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 0 16 theme neonatal 128:135 arg1 piglets 137:143 neonatal piglets 128:143 neonatal piglets 128:143 Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets. 27065261 8 17 theme antigen 1483:1489 arg1 area 1411:1414 larger villus area 1397:1414 larger villus area 1397:1414 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 17 theme antigen 1483:1489 arg1 crypts 1389:1394 deeper crypts 1382:1394 deeper crypts 1382:1394 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 17 theme antigen 1483:1489 arg1 expression 1428:1437 higher expression 1421:1437 higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05) 1421:1499 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 4 18 dep structural 694:703 arg1 morphometry 712:722 morphometry 712:722 morphometry 712:722 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 6 19 theme lactase 1101:1107 arg1 lower 1122:1126 lower 1122:1126 lower 1122:1126 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 6 19 theme lactase 1101:1107 arg1 activity 1109:1116 the lactase activity 1097:1116 the lactase activity 1097:1116 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 10 20 theme early 1739:1743 arg1 onset 1745:1749 early onset 1739:1749 early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function 1739:1804 The data suggest an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function. 27065261 5 21 theme liquid 935:940 arg1 < 950:950 < 0.05 950:955 < 0.05 950:955 Formula-fed piglets had more liquid feces ( < 0.05) over the entire experimental period. 27065261 5 21 theme liquid 935:940 arg1 feces 942:946 more liquid feces 930:946 more liquid feces ( < 0.05) 930:956 Formula-fed piglets had more liquid feces ( < 0.05) over the entire experimental period. 27065261 1 22 theme Artificial 146:155 arg1 rearing 157:163 Artificial rearing 146:163 Artificial rearing 146:163 Artificial rearing and formula feeding is coming more into the focus due to increasing litter sizes and limited nursing capacity of sows. 27065261 7 23 theme FO-fed 1340:1345 arg1 < 1354:1354 < 0.05 1354:1359 < 0.05 1354:1359 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 7 23 theme FO-fed 1340:1345 arg1 pigs 1347:1350 FO-fed pigs 1340:1350 FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05) 1340:1360 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 11 24 theme intestinal 1932:1941 arg1 reactions 1943:1951 the observed intestinal reactions 1919:1951 the observed intestinal reactions 1919:1951 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 10 25 theme maturation 1765:1774 arg1 onset 1745:1749 early onset 1739:1749 early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function 1739:1804 The data suggest an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function. 27065261 4 26 dep activity 762:769 arg1 i.e. 741:744 i.e. 741:744 i.e. 741:744 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 8 27 contain had 1378:1380 arg2 area 1411:1414 larger villus area 1397:1414 larger villus area 1397:1414 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 27 contain had 1378:1380 arg2 expression 1428:1437 higher expression 1421:1437 higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05) 1421:1499 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 27 contain had 1378:1380 arg2 crypts 1389:1394 deeper crypts 1382:1394 deeper crypts 1382:1394 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 27 contain had 1378:1380 arg1 Piglets 1363:1369 Piglets 1363:1369 Piglets fed FO 1363:1376 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 0 28 theme functional 91:100 arg1 changes 102:108 early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes 35:108 early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets 35:143 Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets. 27065261 4 29 theme cell 838:841 arg1 presence 843:850 immune cell presence 831:850 immune cell presence 831:850 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 2 30 theme intestinal 383:392 arg1 dysfunction 394:404 intestinal dysfunction 383:404 intestinal dysfunction in neonatal piglets 383:424 The formula composition is important to effectively support the development of the gut and prevent intestinal dysfunction in neonatal piglets. 27065261 5 31 theme entire 967:972 arg1 period 987:992 the entire experimental period 963:992 the entire experimental period 963:992 Formula-fed piglets had more liquid feces ( < 0.05) over the entire experimental period. 27065261 11 32 theme proteins 1899:1906 arg1 absence 1824:1830 absence 1824:1830 absence of species-specific protective factors 1824:1869 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 11 32 theme proteins 1899:1906 arg1 lactose 1815:1821 lactose 1815:1821 lactose 1815:1821 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 11 32 theme proteins 1899:1906 arg1 antigenicity 1875:1886 antigenicity 1875:1886 antigenicity 1875:1886 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 0 33 theme Bovine 0:5 arg1 formula 18:24 Bovine milk-based formula 0:24 Bovine milk-based formula 0:24 Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets. 27065261 9 34 theme fluorescein 1533:1543 arg1 isothiocyanate-dextran 1545:1566 fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 1533:1566 fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 1533:1566 Epithelial permeability toward fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was higher and expression of claudin-4 was lower in FO-fed piglets ( < 0.05). 27065261 4 35 dep morphometry 712:722 arg1 i.e. 706:709 i.e. 706:709 i.e. 706:709 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 1 36 theme sows 278:281 arg1 capacity 266:273 limited nursing capacity 250:273 limited nursing capacity of sows 250:281 Artificial rearing and formula feeding is coming more into the focus due to increasing litter sizes and limited nursing capacity of sows. 27065261 1 36 theme sows 278:281 arg1 sizes 240:244 increasing litter sizes 222:244 increasing litter sizes 222:244 Artificial rearing and formula feeding is coming more into the focus due to increasing litter sizes and limited nursing capacity of sows. 27065261 11 37 theme observed 1923:1930 arg1 reactions 1943:1951 the observed intestinal reactions 1919:1951 the observed intestinal reactions 1919:1951 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 4 38 theme related 891:897 arg1 genes 899:903 related genes 891:903 related genes 891:903 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 3 39 theme carbohydrate 575:586 arg1 sources 588:594 the sole protein and carbohydrate sources 554:594 sources 588:594 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 39 theme carbohydrate 575:586 arg1 whey 546:549 whey 546:549 whey 546:549 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 39 theme carbohydrate 575:586 arg1 milk 537:540 skimmed milk 529:540 skimmed milk 529:540 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 0 40 theme maturation-like 41:55 arg1 changes 102:108 early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes 35:108 early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets 35:143 Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets. 27065261 7 41 theme cytokine 1290:1297 arg1 expression 1304:1313 proinflammatory cytokine gene expression 1274:1313 proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) 1274:1324 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 10 42 theme function 1797:1804 arg1 onset 1745:1749 early onset 1739:1749 early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function 1739:1804 The data suggest an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function. 27065261 8 43 theme deeper 1382:1387 arg1 crypts 1389:1394 deeper crypts 1382:1394 deeper crypts 1382:1394 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 7 44 dep expression 1304:1313 arg1 and 1320:1322 and 1320:1322 and 1320:1322 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 9 45 theme Epithelial 1502:1511 arg1 permeability 1513:1524 Epithelial permeability 1502:1524 Epithelial permeability toward fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 1502:1566 Epithelial permeability toward fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was higher and expression of claudin-4 was lower in FO-fed piglets ( < 0.05). 27065261 10 46 theme impaired 1780:1787 arg1 function 1797:1804 impaired barrier function 1780:1804 impaired barrier function 1780:1804 The data suggest an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function. 27065261 1 47 theme increasing 222:231 arg1 sizes 240:244 increasing litter sizes 222:244 increasing litter sizes 222:244 Artificial rearing and formula feeding is coming more into the focus due to increasing litter sizes and limited nursing capacity of sows. 27065261 7 48 theme killer 1257:1262 arg1 cells 1264:1268 intraepithelial natural killer cells 1233:1268 intraepithelial natural killer cells 1233:1268 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 3 49 theme sow 625:627 arg1 [SM 634:636 sow milk [SM 625:636 sow milk [SM 625:636 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 49 theme sow 625:627 arg1 sow 620:622 the sow 616:622 the sow (sow milk [SM]) 616:638 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 8 50 theme villus 1404:1409 arg1 area 1411:1414 larger villus area 1397:1414 larger villus area 1397:1414 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 7 51 theme intraepithelial 1233:1247 arg1 cells 1264:1268 intraepithelial natural killer cells 1233:1268 intraepithelial natural killer cells 1233:1268 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 11 52 theme factors 1863:1869 arg1 absence 1824:1830 absence 1824:1830 absence of species-specific protective factors 1824:1869 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 11 52 theme factors 1863:1869 arg1 lactose 1815:1821 lactose 1815:1821 lactose 1815:1821 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 11 52 theme factors 1863:1869 arg1 antigenicity 1875:1886 antigenicity 1875:1886 antigenicity 1875:1886 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 1 53 theme limited 250:256 arg1 capacity 266:273 limited nursing capacity 250:273 limited nursing capacity of sows 250:281 Artificial rearing and formula feeding is coming more into the focus due to increasing litter sizes and limited nursing capacity of sows. 27065261 3 54 theme bovine 486:491 arg1 formula 504:510 a bovine milk-based formula 484:510 a bovine milk-based formula (FO) 484:515 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 54 theme bovine 486:491 arg1 FO 513:514 FO 513:514 FO 513:514 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 8 55 theme higher 1421:1426 arg1 expression 1428:1437 higher expression 1421:1437 higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05) 1421:1499 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 1 56 theme formula 169:175 arg1 feeding 177:183 Artificial rearing and formula feeding 146:183 Artificial rearing and formula feeding 146:183 Artificial rearing and formula feeding is coming more into the focus due to increasing litter sizes and limited nursing capacity of sows. 27065261 6 57 dep contained 1007:1015 arg1 % 1042:1042 46% 1040:1042 46% on a DM basis 1040:1056 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 6 58 theme transport 1150:1158 arg1 capacity 1160:1167 glucose transport capacity 1142:1167 glucose transport capacity 1142:1167 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 2 59 theme formula 288:294 arg1 important 311:319 important 311:319 important 311:319 The formula composition is important to effectively support the development of the gut and prevent intestinal dysfunction in neonatal piglets. 27065261 2 59 theme formula 288:294 arg1 composition 296:306 The formula composition 284:306 The formula composition 284:306 The formula composition is important to effectively support the development of the gut and prevent intestinal dysfunction in neonatal piglets. 27065261 10 60 theme early 1666:1670 arg1 response 1672:1679 an early response 1663:1679 an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function 1663:1804 The data suggest an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function. 27065261 0 61 theme piglets 137:143 arg1 jejunum 117:123 the jejunum 113:123 the jejunum of neonatal piglets 113:143 Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets. 27065261 8 62 theme proliferating 1456:1468 arg1 < 1493:1493 < 0.05 1493:1498 < 0.05 1493:1498 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 62 theme proliferating 1456:1468 arg1 antigen 1483:1489 proliferating cell nuclear antigen 1456:1489 proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05) 1456:1499 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 3 63 theme skimmed 529:535 arg1 sources 588:594 the sole protein and carbohydrate sources 554:594 sources 588:594 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 63 theme skimmed 529:535 arg1 whey 546:549 whey 546:549 whey 546:549 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 63 theme skimmed 529:535 arg1 milk 537:540 skimmed milk 529:540 skimmed milk 529:540 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 63 theme skimmed 529:535 arg1 protein 563:569 the sole protein and carbohydrate sources 554:594 protein 563:569 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 8 64 theme nuclear 1475:1481 arg1 < 1493:1493 < 0.05 1493:1498 < 0.05 1493:1498 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 64 theme nuclear 1475:1481 arg1 antigen 1483:1489 proliferating cell nuclear antigen 1456:1489 proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05) 1456:1499 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 10 65 theme milk-based 1691:1700 arg1 compounds 1702:1710 bovine milk-based compounds 1684:1710 bovine milk-based compounds 1684:1710 The data suggest an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function. 27065261 3 66 theme sole 558:561 arg1 whey 546:549 whey 546:549 whey 546:549 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 66 theme sole 558:561 arg1 milk 537:540 skimmed milk 529:540 skimmed milk 529:540 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 66 theme sole 558:561 arg1 protein 563:569 the sole protein and carbohydrate sources 554:594 protein 563:569 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 4 67 theme glucose 772:778 arg1 transport 780:788 glucose transport 772:788 glucose transport 772:788 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 0 68 from changes 102:108 arg1 jejunum 117:123 the jejunum 113:123 the jejunum of neonatal piglets 113:143 Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets. 27065261 6 69 theme DM 1049:1050 arg1 basis 1052:1056 a DM basis 1047:1056 a DM basis 1047:1056 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 0 70 theme immunological 72:84 arg1 changes 102:108 early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes 35:108 early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets 35:143 Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets. 27065261 10 71 theme barrier 1789:1795 arg1 function 1797:1804 impaired barrier function 1780:1804 impaired barrier function 1780:1804 The data suggest an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function. 27065261 11 72 theme further 1962:1968 arg1 clarification 1970:1982 further clarification 1962:1982 further clarification 1962:1982 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 10 73 from response 1672:1679 arg1 FO 1719:1720 the FO 1715:1720 the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function 1715:1804 The data suggest an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function. 27065261 4 74 from jejunum 669:675 arg1 tissue 653:658 tissue 653:658 tissue from the jejunum 653:675 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 1 75 theme rearing 157:163 arg1 feeding 177:183 Artificial rearing and formula feeding 146:183 Artificial rearing and formula feeding 146:183 Artificial rearing and formula feeding is coming more into the focus due to increasing litter sizes and limited nursing capacity of sows. 27065261 10 76 theme functional 1754:1763 arg1 maturation 1765:1774 functional maturation 1754:1774 functional maturation 1754:1774 The data suggest an early response to bovine milk-based compounds in the FO accompanied with early onset of functional maturation and impaired barrier function. 27065261 6 77 theme glucose 1142:1148 arg1 capacity 1160:1167 glucose transport capacity 1142:1167 glucose transport capacity 1142:1167 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 9 78 dep lower 1611:1615 arg1 < 1637:1637 < 0.05 1637:1642 < 0.05 1637:1642 Epithelial permeability toward fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was higher and expression of claudin-4 was lower in FO-fed piglets ( < 0.05). 27065261 4 79 theme immune 831:836 arg1 presence 843:850 immune cell presence 831:850 immune cell presence 831:850 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 6 80 from % 1042:1042 arg1 basis 1052:1056 a DM basis 1047:1056 a DM basis 1047:1056 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 0 81 theme milk-based 7:16 arg1 formula 18:24 Bovine milk-based formula 0:24 Bovine milk-based formula 0:24 Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets. 27065261 5 82 theme experimental 974:985 arg1 period 987:992 the entire experimental period 963:992 the entire experimental period 963:992 Formula-fed piglets had more liquid feces ( < 0.05) over the entire experimental period. 27065261 6 83 dep higher 1173:1178 arg1 < 1182:1182 < 0.05 1182:1187 < 0.05 1182:1187 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 4 84 theme genes 899:903 arg1 changes 853:859 structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes 694:859 structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes 694:859 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 4 84 theme genes 899:903 arg1 expression 877:886 concomitant expression 865:886 concomitant expression of related genes 865:903 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 2 85 theme gut 367:369 arg1 development 348:358 the development 344:358 the development of the gut 344:369 The formula composition is important to effectively support the development of the gut and prevent intestinal dysfunction in neonatal piglets. 27065261 6 86 theme FO-fed 1193:1198 arg1 pigs 1200:1203 FO-fed pigs 1193:1203 FO-fed pigs 1193:1203 Although FO contained twice as much lactose (46% on a DM basis) as SM (21%) and no maltose or starch, the lactase activity was lower ( < 0.05) and glucose transport capacity was higher ( < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. 27065261 11 87 theme foreign 1891:1897 arg1 proteins 1899:1906 foreign proteins 1891:1906 foreign proteins 1891:1906 Whether lactose, absence of species-specific protective factors, or antigenicity of foreign proteins lead to to the observed intestinal reactions requires further clarification. 27065261 3 88 contain containing 518:527 arg2 protein 563:569 the sole protein and carbohydrate sources 554:594 protein 563:569 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 88 contain containing 518:527 arg1 FO 513:514 FO 513:514 FO 513:514 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 88 contain containing 518:527 arg2 milk 537:540 skimmed milk 529:540 skimmed milk 529:540 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 88 contain containing 518:527 arg2 whey 546:549 whey 546:549 whey 546:549 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 88 contain containing 518:527 arg1 formula 504:510 a bovine milk-based formula 484:510 a bovine milk-based formula (FO) 484:515 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 3 88 contain containing 518:527 arg2 sources 588:594 the sole protein and carbohydrate sources 554:594 sources 588:594 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 2 89 theme neonatal 409:416 arg1 piglets 418:424 neonatal piglets 409:424 neonatal piglets 409:424 The formula composition is important to effectively support the development of the gut and prevent intestinal dysfunction in neonatal piglets. 27065261 0 90 theme early 35:39 arg1 changes 102:108 early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes 35:108 early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets 35:143 Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets. 27065261 4 91 theme concomitant 865:875 arg1 expression 877:886 concomitant expression 865:886 concomitant expression of related genes 865:903 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 4 92 theme structural 694:703 arg1 changes 853:859 structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes 694:859 structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes 694:859 After 2 wk, tissue from the jejunum was analyzed for structural (i.e., morphometry) and functional (i.e., disaccharidase activity, glucose transport, permeability toward macromolecules, and immune cell presence) changes and concomitant expression of related genes. 27065261 3 93 theme newborn 442:448 arg1 piglets 450:456 newborn piglets 442:456 newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) 442:473 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 0 94 theme morphological 57:69 arg1 changes 102:108 early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes 35:108 early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets 35:143 Bovine milk-based formula leads to early maturation-like morphological, immunological, and functional changes in the jejunum of neonatal piglets. 27065261 5 95 theme Formula-fed 906:916 arg1 piglets 918:924 Formula-fed piglets 906:924 Formula-fed piglets 906:924 Formula-fed piglets had more liquid feces ( < 0.05) over the entire experimental period. 27065261 5 96 contain had 926:928 arg2 < 950:950 < 0.05 950:955 < 0.05 950:955 Formula-fed piglets had more liquid feces ( < 0.05) over the entire experimental period. 27065261 5 96 contain had 926:928 arg2 feces 942:946 more liquid feces 930:946 more liquid feces ( < 0.05) 930:956 Formula-fed piglets had more liquid feces ( < 0.05) over the entire experimental period. 27065261 5 96 contain had 926:928 arg1 piglets 918:924 Formula-fed piglets 906:924 Formula-fed piglets 906:924 Formula-fed piglets had more liquid feces ( < 0.05) over the entire experimental period. 27065261 7 97 theme gene 1299:1302 arg1 expression 1304:1313 proinflammatory cytokine gene expression 1274:1313 proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) 1274:1324 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 9 98 theme claudin-4 1597:1605 arg1 expression 1583:1592 expression 1583:1592 expression of claudin-4 1583:1605 Epithelial permeability toward fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was higher and expression of claudin-4 was lower in FO-fed piglets ( < 0.05). 27065261 8 99 theme larger 1397:1402 arg1 area 1411:1414 larger villus area 1397:1414 larger villus area 1397:1414 Piglets fed FO had deeper crypts, larger villus area, and higher expression of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( < 0.05). 27065261 7 100 theme proinflammatory 1274:1288 arg1 cytokine 1290:1297 proinflammatory cytokine 1274:1297 proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) 1274:1324 The relative proportion of intraepithelial natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (, , and ) was higher in FO-fed pigs ( < 0.05). 27065261 3 101 dep piglets 450:456 arg1 = 460:460 = 460:460 = 8 per group 460:472 In this study, newborn piglets ( = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO), containing skimmed milk and whey as the sole protein and carbohydrate sources, or were suckled by the sow (sow milk [SM]). 27065261 2 102 from dysfunction 394:404 arg1 piglets 418:424 neonatal piglets 409:424 neonatal piglets 409:424 The formula composition is important to effectively support the development of the gut and prevent intestinal dysfunction in neonatal piglets. 27065261 1 103 theme litter 233:238 arg1 sizes 240:244 increasing litter sizes 222:244 increasing litter sizes 222:244 Artificial rearing and formula feeding is coming more into the focus due to increasing litter sizes and limited nursing capacity of sows. 25256469 4 0 theme slower 981:986 arg1 rate 988:991 slower rate 981:991 slower rate of starch hydrolysis 981:1012 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 2 1 theme anti-radical 549:560 arg1 activity 562:569 higher anti-radical activity 542:569 higher anti-radical activity 542:569 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 1 2 theme teff 224:227 arg1 flours 268:273 teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 224:273 teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 224:273 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 3 3 theme digestible 642:651 arg1 starch 653:658 rapidly digestible starch 634:658 rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) 634:666 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 3 theme digestible 642:651 arg1 % 665:665 57.1% 661:665 57.1% 661:665 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 2 4 theme higher 542:547 arg1 activity 562:569 higher anti-radical activity 542:569 higher anti-radical activity 542:569 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 3 5 theme 15 885:886 arg1 % 887:887 % 887:887 % 887:887 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 4 6 theme Glycaemic 1094:1102 arg1 86 1111:1112 86 1111:1112 86 1111:1112 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 4 6 theme Glycaemic 1094:1102 arg1 Index 1104:1108 intermediate expected Glycaemic Index 1072:1108 intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86) 1072:1113 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 4 7 theme associated 905:914 arg1 mixture 916:922 The associated mixture 901:922 The associated mixture 901:922 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 4 8 theme expected 1085:1092 arg1 86 1111:1112 86 1111:1112 86 1111:1112 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 4 8 theme expected 1085:1092 arg1 Index 1104:1108 intermediate expected Glycaemic Index 1072:1108 intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86) 1072:1113 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 0 9 from Impact 0:5 arg1 hydrolysis 63:72 starch hydrolysis 56:72 starch hydrolysis 56:72 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 0 9 from Impact 0:5 arg1 activity 90:97 antiradical activity 78:97 antiradical activity 78:97 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 2 10 theme starch 593:598 arg1 digestibility 600:612 lower and slower starch digestibility 576:612 lower and slower starch digestibility 576:612 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 3 11 dep lower 628:632 arg1 starch 653:658 rapidly digestible starch 634:658 rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) 634:666 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 11 dep lower 628:632 arg1 % 665:665 57.1% 661:665 57.1% 661:665 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 0 12 theme antiradical 78:88 arg1 activity 90:97 antiradical activity 78:97 antiradical activity 78:97 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 5 13 theme fibre 1175:1179 arg1 source 1157:1162 source 1157:1162 source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread) 1157:1212 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 5 13 theme fibre 1175:1179 arg1 breads 1131:1136 All multigrain breads 1116:1136 All multigrain breads 1116:1136 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 2 14 theme polyphenols 529:539 arg1 composition 484:494 superior nutritional composition 463:494 superior nutritional composition 463:494 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 2 14 theme polyphenols 529:539 arg1 amounts 504:510 larger amounts 497:510 larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols 497:539 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 2 14 theme polyphenols 529:539 arg1 polyphenols 529:539 bioaccessible polyphenols 515:539 bioaccessible polyphenols 515:539 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 2 14 theme polyphenols 529:539 arg1 digestibility 600:612 lower and slower starch digestibility 576:612 lower and slower starch digestibility 576:612 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 2 14 theme polyphenols 529:539 arg1 activity 562:569 higher anti-radical activity 542:569 higher anti-radical activity 542:569 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 2 15 theme slower 586:591 arg1 digestibility 600:612 lower and slower starch digestibility 576:612 lower and slower starch digestibility 576:612 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 4 16 theme lower 964:968 arg1 extent 970:975 a rather lower extent 955:975 a rather lower extent 955:975 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 2 17 theme Blended 438:444 arg1 breads 446:451 Blended breads 438:451 Blended breads 438:451 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 3 18 theme higher 672:677 arg1 starch 697:702 lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch 628:702 lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) 628:710 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 18 theme higher 672:677 arg1 % 709:709 12.9% 705:709 12.9% 705:709 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 18 theme higher 672:677 arg1 % 737:737 2.8% 734:737 2.8% 734:737 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 2 19 theme lower 576:580 arg1 digestibility 600:612 lower and slower starch digestibility 576:612 lower and slower starch digestibility 576:612 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 5 20 theme g 1186:1186 arg1 bread 1207:1211 ≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread 1182:1211 ≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread 1182:1211 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 5 20 theme g 1186:1186 arg1 fibre 1175:1179 fibre 1175:1179 fibre 1175:1179 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 5 21 theme multigrain 1120:1129 arg1 source 1157:1162 source 1157:1162 source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread) 1157:1212 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 5 21 theme multigrain 1120:1129 arg1 breads 1131:1136 All multigrain breads 1116:1136 All multigrain breads 1116:1136 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 1 22 theme 22.5 170:173 arg1 % 174:174 % 174:174 % 174:174 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 1 23 theme 100 402:404 arg1 % 405:405 % 405:405 % 405:405 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 1 24 with breads 347:352 arg1 value 380:384 superior nutritional value 359:384 superior nutritional value 359:384 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 4 25 theme lowest 1058:1063 arg1 k 1065:1065 lowest k 1058:1065 lowest k 1058:1065 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 1 26 theme % 405:405 arg1 WT 420:421 WT 420:421 WT 420:421 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 1 26 theme % 405:405 arg1 flour 413:417 the 100% wheat flour 398:417 the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts 398:435 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 3 27 theme nutritional 795:805 arg1 trends 807:812 suitable nutritional trends 786:812 suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions 786:841 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 28 dep contents 740:747 arg1 g 750:750 g 750:750 g per 100g fresh bread 750:771 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 29 theme starch 697:702 arg1 contents 740:747 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents 615:747 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread) 615:772 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 30 theme Simultaneous 615:626 arg1 contents 740:747 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents 615:747 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread) 615:772 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 1 31 theme wheat 407:411 arg1 WT 420:421 WT 420:421 WT 420:421 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 1 31 theme wheat 407:411 arg1 flour 413:417 the 100% wheat flour 398:417 the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts 398:435 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 0 32 theme cereals 18:24 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 0:139 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 1 33 theme green 234:238 arg1 pea 240:242 green pea 234:242 green pea (GP) 234:247 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 1 33 theme green 234:238 arg1 GP 245:246 GP 245:246 GP 245:246 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 0 34 theme blended 125:131 arg1 breads 133:138 technologically viable blended breads 102:138 technologically viable blended breads 102:138 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 1 35 theme flour 413:417 arg1 counterparts 424:435 the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts 398:435 the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts 398:435 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 3 36 theme suitable 786:793 arg1 trends 807:812 suitable nutritional trends 786:812 suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions 786:841 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 4 37 theme % 942:942 arg1 WT 944:945 37.5% WT 938:945 37.5% WT 938:945 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 1 38 theme 45 182:183 arg1 % 174:174 % 174:174 % 174:174 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 0 39 theme ancient 10:16 arg1 cereals 18:24 ancient cereals 10:24 ancient cereals 10:24 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 1 40 theme pea 240:242 arg1 flours 268:273 teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 224:273 teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 224:273 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 0 41 theme viable 118:123 arg1 breads 133:138 technologically viable blended breads 102:138 technologically viable blended breads 102:138 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 1 42 theme acceptable 311:320 arg1 sensory 322:328 acceptable sensory 311:328 acceptable sensory 311:328 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 5 43 theme dietary 1188:1194 arg1 bread 1207:1211 ≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread 1182:1211 ≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread 1182:1211 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 5 43 theme dietary 1188:1194 arg1 fibre 1175:1179 fibre 1175:1179 fibre 1175:1179 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 3 44 theme dietary 818:824 arg1 fractions 833:841 dietary starch fractions 818:841 dietary starch fractions 818:841 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 0 45 theme pseudocereals 27:39 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 0:139 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 3 46 theme digestible 686:695 arg1 starch 697:702 lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch 628:702 lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) 628:710 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 46 theme digestible 686:695 arg1 % 709:709 12.9% 705:709 12.9% 705:709 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 46 theme digestible 686:695 arg1 % 737:737 2.8% 734:737 2.8% 734:737 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 2 47 theme nutritional 472:482 arg1 composition 484:494 superior nutritional composition 463:494 superior nutritional composition 463:494 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 4 48 theme intermediate 1072:1083 arg1 86 1111:1112 86 1111:1112 86 1111:1112 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 4 48 theme intermediate 1072:1083 arg1 Index 1104:1108 intermediate expected Glycaemic Index 1072:1108 intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86) 1072:1113 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 3 49 theme starch 826:831 arg1 fractions 833:841 dietary starch fractions 818:841 dietary starch fractions 818:841 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 0 50 theme breads 133:138 arg1 hydrolysis 63:72 starch hydrolysis 56:72 starch hydrolysis 56:72 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 0 50 theme breads 133:138 arg1 activity 90:97 antiradical activity 78:97 antiradical activity 78:97 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 3 51 theme resistant 716:724 arg1 starch 726:731 resistant starch 716:731 resistant starch 716:731 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 2 52 theme superior 463:470 arg1 composition 484:494 superior nutritional composition 463:494 superior nutritional composition 463:494 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 0 53 theme legumes 45:51 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 0:139 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 2 54 theme bioaccessible 515:527 arg1 polyphenols 529:539 bioaccessible polyphenols 515:539 bioaccessible polyphenols 515:539 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 1 55 theme multigrain 336:345 arg1 breads 347:352 multigrain breads 336:352 multigrain breads with superior nutritional value 336:384 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 4 56 theme starch 996:1001 arg1 hydrolysis 1003:1012 starch hydrolysis 996:1012 starch hydrolysis 996:1012 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 1 57 theme flours 268:273 arg1 blends 214:219 ternary blends 206:219 ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 206:273 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 3 58 theme % 895:895 arg1 BK 897:898 15% BK 893:898 15% BK 893:898 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 58 theme % 895:895 arg1 blend 860:864 the blend 856:864 the blend formulated 7.5% T 856:882 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 59 theme lower 628:632 arg1 starch 697:702 lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch 628:702 lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) 628:710 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 59 theme lower 628:632 arg1 % 709:709 12.9% 705:709 12.9% 705:709 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 59 theme lower 628:632 arg1 % 737:737 2.8% 734:737 2.8% 734:737 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 1 60 dep % 174:174 arg1 up 176:177 up 176:177 up 176:177 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 1 60 dep % 174:174 arg1 to 179:180 to 179:180 to 179:180 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 4 61 theme medium-low 1019:1028 arg1 values 1030:1035 medium-low values 1019:1035 medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86) 1019:1113 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 3 62 theme 100g 756:759 arg1 bread 767:771 100g fresh bread 756:771 100g fresh bread 756:771 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 1 63 theme buckwheat 253:261 arg1 flours 268:273 teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 224:273 teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 224:273 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 3 64 theme 15 893:894 arg1 % 895:895 % 895:895 % 895:895 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 1 65 from % 184:184 arg1 replacement 153:163 Wheat flour replacement 141:163 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 141:273 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 3 66 theme fresh 761:765 arg1 bread 767:771 100g fresh bread 756:771 100g fresh bread 756:771 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 2 67 theme larger 497:502 arg1 amounts 504:510 larger amounts 497:510 larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols 497:539 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 2 67 theme larger 497:502 arg1 polyphenols 529:539 bioaccessible polyphenols 515:539 bioaccessible polyphenols 515:539 Blended breads exhibited superior nutritional composition, larger amounts of bioaccessible polyphenols, higher anti-radical activity, and lower and slower starch digestibility. 25256469 1 68 theme superior 359:366 arg1 value 380:384 superior nutritional value 359:384 superior nutritional value 359:384 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 4 69 theme hydrolysis 1003:1012 arg1 rate 988:991 slower rate 981:991 slower rate of starch hydrolysis 981:1012 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 4 69 theme hydrolysis 1003:1012 arg1 extent 970:975 a rather lower extent 955:975 a rather lower extent 955:975 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 3 70 theme 7.5 877:879 arg1 % 880:880 % 880:880 % 880:880 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 4 71 theme 37.5 938:941 arg1 % 942:942 % 942:942 % 942:942 The associated mixture that replaced 37.5% WT, showed a rather lower extent and slower rate of starch hydrolysis with medium-low values for C∞, and H90, and lowest k, and intermediate expected Glycaemic Index (86). 25256469 1 72 theme ternary 206:212 arg1 blends 214:219 ternary blends 206:219 ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 206:273 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 0 73 theme starch 56:61 arg1 hydrolysis 63:72 starch hydrolysis 56:72 starch hydrolysis 56:72 Impact of ancient cereals, pseudocereals and legumes on starch hydrolysis and antiradical activity of technologically viable blended breads. 25256469 1 74 theme nutritional 368:378 arg1 value 380:384 superior nutritional value 359:384 superior nutritional value 359:384 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 3 75 theme % 887:887 arg1 blend 860:864 the blend 856:864 the blend formulated 7.5% T 856:882 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 75 theme % 887:887 arg1 GP 889:890 15% GP 885:890 15% GP 885:890 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 3 76 theme % 880:880 arg1 T 882:882 7.5% T 877:882 7.5% T 877:882 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 25256469 1 77 theme Wheat 141:145 arg1 replacement 153:163 Wheat flour replacement 141:163 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 141:273 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 1 78 theme blends 214:219 arg1 incorporation 189:201 incorporation 189:201 incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 189:273 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 5 79 theme ≥ 1182:1182 arg1 bread 1207:1211 ≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread 1182:1211 ≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread 1182:1211 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 5 79 theme ≥ 1182:1182 arg1 fibre 1175:1179 fibre 1175:1179 fibre 1175:1179 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 5 80 theme fibre/100g 1196:1205 arg1 bread 1207:1211 ≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread 1182:1211 ≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread 1182:1211 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 5 80 theme fibre/100g 1196:1205 arg1 fibre 1175:1179 fibre 1175:1179 fibre 1175:1179 All multigrain breads can be labelled as source of dietary fibre (≥ 3 g dietary fibre/100g bread). 25256469 1 81 theme flour 147:151 arg1 replacement 153:163 Wheat flour replacement 141:163 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours 141:273 Wheat flour replacement from 22.5% up to 45% by incorporation of ternary blends of teff (T), green pea (GP) and buckwheat (BW) flours provided technologically viable and acceptable sensory rated multigrain breads with superior nutritional value compared to the 100% wheat flour (WT) counterparts. 25256469 3 82 theme starch 726:731 arg1 contents 740:747 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents 615:747 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread) 615:772 Simultaneous lower rapidly digestible starch (57.1%) and higher slowly digestible starch (12.9%) and resistant starch (2.8%) contents (g per 100g fresh bread), considered suitable nutritional trends for dietary starch fractions, were met by the blend formulated 7.5% T, 15% GP, 15% BK. 24931183 6 0 theme % 1021:1021 arg1 chitosan 1029:1036 2.5% (w/w) chitosan 1018:1036 2.5% (w/w) chitosan 1018:1036 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 8 1 theme formulating 1603:1613 arg1 oil 1630:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications. 24931183 6 2 theme donor 1066:1070 arg1 compartment 1072:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 2 3 theme sage 248:251 arg1 oil 263:265 the sage essential oil 244:265 the sage essential oil 244:265 For the first time, compounds from the sage essential oil were formulated into chitosan hydrogels. 24931183 8 4 theme essential 1620:1628 arg1 oil 1630:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications. 24931183 7 5 theme antiseptic 1324:1333 arg1 properties 1335:1344 antiflogistic and antiseptic properties 1306:1344 antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) 1306:1378 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 5 theme antiseptic 1324:1333 arg1 borneol 1371:1377 borneol 1371:1377 borneol 1371:1377 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 5 theme antiseptic 1324:1333 arg1 camphor 1359:1365 camphor 1359:1365 camphor 1359:1365 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 5 theme antiseptic 1324:1333 arg1 eucalyptol 1347:1356 eucalyptol 1347:1356 eucalyptol 1347:1356 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 6 6 theme cellophane 1145:1154 arg1 membrane 1156:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 5 7 theme chitosan 837:844 arg1 concentration 859:871 both chitosan and caffeine concentration 832:871 both chitosan and caffeine concentration in the hydrogels 832:888 The monoterpene release can be effectively controlled by both chitosan and caffeine concentration in the hydrogels. 24931183 7 8 theme antiflogistic 1306:1318 arg1 properties 1335:1344 antiflogistic and antiseptic properties 1306:1344 antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) 1306:1378 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 8 theme antiflogistic 1306:1318 arg1 borneol 1371:1377 borneol 1371:1377 borneol 1371:1377 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 8 theme antiflogistic 1306:1318 arg1 camphor 1359:1365 camphor 1359:1365 camphor 1359:1365 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 8 theme antiflogistic 1306:1318 arg1 eucalyptol 1347:1356 eucalyptol 1347:1356 eucalyptol 1347:1356 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 8 9 theme dermal 1641:1646 arg1 applications 1648:1659 the dermal applications 1637:1659 the dermal applications 1637:1659 These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications. 24931183 5 10 theme caffeine 850:857 arg1 concentration 859:871 both chitosan and caffeine concentration 832:871 both chitosan and caffeine concentration in the hydrogels 832:888 The monoterpene release can be effectively controlled by both chitosan and caffeine concentration in the hydrogels. 24931183 6 11 theme optimized 943:951 arg1 w/w 972:974 w/w 972:974 w/w 972:974 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 11 theme optimized 943:951 arg1 % 969:969 the optimized composition [3.5% 939:969 the optimized composition [3.5% 939:969 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 12 with hydrogel 925:932 arg1 chitosan 1029:1036 2.5% (w/w) chitosan 1018:1036 2.5% (w/w) chitosan 1018:1036 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 12 with hydrogel 925:932 arg1 w/w 972:974 w/w 972:974 w/w 972:974 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 12 with hydrogel 925:932 arg1 % 1045:1045 0.1% 1042:1045 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] 1042:1061 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 12 with hydrogel 925:932 arg1 oil 992:994 sage essential oil 977:994 sage essential oil 977:994 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 12 with hydrogel 925:932 arg1 w/w 1048:1050 w/w) Tween-80 1048:1060 w/w) Tween-80 1048:1060 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 12 with hydrogel 925:932 arg1 caffeine 1008:1015 2.0% (w/w) caffeine 997:1015 2.0% (w/w) caffeine 997:1015 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 12 with hydrogel 925:932 arg1 % 969:969 the optimized composition [3.5% 939:969 the optimized composition [3.5% 939:969 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 1 13 theme natural 179:185 arg1 drugs 187:191 natural drugs 179:191 natural drugs 179:191 This study deals with the formulation of natural drugs into hydrogels. 24931183 6 14 theme acceptor 1104:1111 arg1 compartment 1113:1123 acceptor compartment 1104:1123 acceptor compartment 1104:1123 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 7 15 dep thujone 1434:1440 arg1 exceeding 1447:1455 exceeding 1447:1455 exceeding its permitted applicable concentration 1447:1494 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 16 dep properties 1335:1344 arg1 properties 1335:1344 antiflogistic and antiseptic properties 1306:1344 antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) 1306:1378 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 16 dep properties 1335:1344 arg1 borneol 1371:1377 borneol 1371:1377 borneol 1371:1377 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 16 dep properties 1335:1344 arg1 camphor 1359:1365 camphor 1359:1365 camphor 1359:1365 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 16 dep properties 1335:1344 arg1 eucalyptol 1347:1356 eucalyptol 1347:1356 eucalyptol 1347:1356 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 6 17 theme permeation 1190:1199 arg1 selectivity 1201:1211 the useful permeation selectivity 1179:1211 the useful permeation selectivity 1179:1211 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 18 theme essential 982:990 arg1 oil 992:994 sage essential oil 977:994 sage essential oil 977:994 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 2 19 theme first 217:221 arg1 time 223:226 the first time 213:226 the first time 213:226 For the first time, compounds from the sage essential oil were formulated into chitosan hydrogels. 24931183 7 20 theme permitted 1461:1469 arg1 concentration 1482:1494 its permitted applicable concentration 1457:1494 its permitted applicable concentration 1457:1494 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 4 21 theme experimental 661:672 arg1 results 674:680 The experimental results 657:680 The experimental results 657:680 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogels are suitable for the formulation of sage essential oil. 24931183 6 22 from compartment 1072:1082 arg1 compartment 1113:1123 acceptor compartment 1104:1123 acceptor compartment 1104:1123 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 23 theme saline 1085:1090 arg1 solution 1092:1099 saline solution 1085:1099 saline solution in acceptor compartment 1085:1123 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 24 from oil 992:994 arg1 solution 1092:1099 saline solution 1085:1099 saline solution in acceptor compartment 1085:1123 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 24 from oil 992:994 arg1 compartment 1072:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 24 from oil 992:994 arg1 membrane 1156:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 5 25 from concentration 859:871 arg1 hydrogels 880:888 the hydrogels 876:888 the hydrogels 876:888 The monoterpene release can be effectively controlled by both chitosan and caffeine concentration in the hydrogels. 24931183 3 26 theme sample 310:315 arg1 preparation 317:327 A sample preparation 308:327 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 308:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 6 27 from % 969:969 arg1 compartment 1072:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 27 from % 969:969 arg1 solution 1092:1099 saline solution 1085:1099 saline solution in acceptor compartment 1085:1123 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 27 from % 969:969 arg1 membrane 1156:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 8 28 from importance 1557:1566 arg1 applications 1648:1659 the dermal applications 1637:1659 the dermal applications 1637:1659 These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications. 24931183 5 29 theme monoterpene 779:789 arg1 release 791:797 The monoterpene release 775:797 The monoterpene release 775:797 The monoterpene release can be effectively controlled by both chitosan and caffeine concentration in the hydrogels. 24931183 3 30 theme hydrophobic 343:353 arg1 analytes 364:371 hydrophobic volatile analytes 343:371 hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 343:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 6 31 from % 1045:1045 arg1 solution 1092:1099 saline solution 1085:1099 saline solution in acceptor compartment 1085:1123 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 31 from % 1045:1045 arg1 compartment 1072:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 31 from % 1045:1045 arg1 membrane 1156:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 0 32 theme sage 15:18 arg1 monoterpenes 59:70 sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes 15:70 sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes 15:70 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. 24931183 6 33 theme % 1000:1000 arg1 caffeine 1008:1015 2.0% (w/w) caffeine 997:1015 2.0% (w/w) caffeine 997:1015 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 3 34 theme hydrophilic 386:396 arg1 matrix 404:409 a hydrophilic water matrix 384:409 a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 384:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 35 theme analytical 425:434 arg1 method 436:441 an analytical method 422:441 an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 422:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 0 36 theme oil 30:32 arg1 monoterpenes 59:70 sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes 15:70 sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes 15:70 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. 24931183 7 37 theme suppressed 1403:1412 arg1 permeation 1414:1423 suppressed permeation 1403:1423 suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) 1403:1495 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 3 38 theme oil 605:607 arg1 components 609:618 essential oil components 595:618 essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples 595:654 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 0 39 theme Salvia 35:40 arg1 L. 55:56 L. 55:56 L. 55:56 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. 24931183 0 39 theme Salvia 35:40 arg1 officinalis 42:52 Salvia officinalis 35:52 Salvia officinalis 35:52 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. 24931183 0 40 dep oil 30:32 arg1 L. 55:56 L. 55:56 L. 55:56 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. 24931183 0 40 dep oil 30:32 arg1 officinalis 42:52 Salvia officinalis 35:52 Salvia officinalis 35:52 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. 24931183 3 41 theme saline 641:646 arg1 samples 648:654 the hydrogels and saline samples 623:654 samples 648:654 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 4 42 theme essential 760:768 arg1 oil 770:772 sage essential oil 755:772 sage essential oil 755:772 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogels are suitable for the formulation of sage essential oil. 24931183 8 43 theme pharmaceutical 1542:1555 arg1 importance 1557:1566 the pharmaceutical importance 1538:1566 the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications 1538:1659 These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications. 24931183 3 44 theme hydrogels 627:635 arg1 samples 648:654 the hydrogels and saline samples 623:654 samples 648:654 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 45 theme mass 492:495 arg1 GC-MS 511:515 GC-MS 511:515 GC-MS 511:515 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 45 theme mass 492:495 arg1 spectrometry 497:508 the mass spectrometry 488:508 the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 488:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 6 46 theme useful 1183:1188 arg1 selectivity 1201:1211 the useful permeation selectivity 1179:1211 the useful permeation selectivity 1179:1211 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 8 47 theme developed 1575:1583 arg1 oil 1630:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications. 24931183 6 48 theme Permeation 891:900 arg1 experiment 902:911 Permeation experiment 891:911 Permeation experiment 891:911 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 2 49 theme essential 253:261 arg1 oil 263:265 the sage essential oil 244:265 the sage essential oil 244:265 For the first time, compounds from the sage essential oil were formulated into chitosan hydrogels. 24931183 8 50 theme hydrogel 1594:1601 arg1 oil 1630:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications. 24931183 6 51 from membrane 1156:1163 arg1 compartment 1113:1123 acceptor compartment 1104:1123 acceptor compartment 1104:1123 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 3 52 from components 609:618 arg1 samples 648:654 the hydrogels and saline samples 623:654 samples 648:654 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 6 53 from caffeine 1008:1015 arg1 solution 1092:1099 saline solution 1085:1099 saline solution in acceptor compartment 1085:1123 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 53 from caffeine 1008:1015 arg1 compartment 1072:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 53 from caffeine 1008:1015 arg1 membrane 1156:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 8 54 theme sage 1615:1618 arg1 oil 1630:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications. 24931183 6 55 theme semi-permeable 1130:1143 arg1 membrane 1156:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 8 56 theme oil 1630:1632 arg1 importance 1557:1566 the pharmaceutical importance 1538:1566 the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications 1538:1659 These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications. 24931183 6 57 theme composition 953:963 arg1 w/w 972:974 w/w 972:974 w/w 972:974 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 57 theme composition 953:963 arg1 % 969:969 the optimized composition [3.5% 939:969 the optimized composition [3.5% 939:969 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 3 58 from samples 648:654 arg1 quantity 583:590 quantity 583:590 quantity 583:590 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 58 from samples 648:654 arg1 identity 570:577 the identity 566:577 the identity 566:577 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 0 59 theme GC-MS 122:126 arg1 analysis 128:135 GC-MS analysis 122:135 GC-MS analysis 122:135 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. 24931183 7 60 dep permitted 1461:1469 arg1 applicable 1471:1480 applicable 1471:1480 applicable 1471:1480 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 1 61 theme drugs 187:191 arg1 formulation 164:174 the formulation 160:174 the formulation of natural drugs into hydrogels 160:206 This study deals with the formulation of natural drugs into hydrogels. 24931183 7 62 theme bicyclic 1279:1286 arg1 monoterpenes 1288:1299 the bicyclic monoterpenes 1275:1299 the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) 1275:1378 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 3 63 attach present 373:379 arg1 matrix 404:409 a hydrophilic water matrix 384:409 a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 384:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 63 attach present 373:379 arg2 analytes 364:371 hydrophobic volatile analytes 343:371 hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 343:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 64 theme quantity 583:590 arg1 evaluation 552:561 the evaluation 548:561 the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples 548:654 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 7 65 theme monoterpenes 1288:1299 arg1 time 1397:1400 the same time 1388:1400 the same time 1388:1400 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 65 theme monoterpenes 1288:1299 arg1 permeation 1414:1423 suppressed permeation 1403:1423 suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) 1403:1495 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 65 theme monoterpenes 1288:1299 arg1 permeation 1261:1270 an enhanced permeation 1249:1270 (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) 1220:1378 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 66 theme enhanced 1252:1259 arg1 permeation 1261:1270 an enhanced permeation 1249:1270 (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) 1220:1378 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 67 dep exceeding 1447:1455 arg1 not 1443:1445 not 1443:1445 not 1443:1445 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 3 68 theme identity 570:577 arg1 evaluation 552:561 the evaluation 548:561 the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples 548:654 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 6 69 theme sage 977:980 arg1 oil 992:994 sage essential oil 977:994 sage essential oil 977:994 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 0 70 theme monoterpenes 59:70 arg1 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation 0:109 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. 24931183 2 71 from oil 263:265 arg1 compounds 229:237 compounds 229:237 compounds from the sage essential oil 229:265 For the first time, compounds from the sage essential oil were formulated into chitosan hydrogels. 24931183 6 72 from solution 1092:1099 arg1 compartment 1113:1123 acceptor compartment 1104:1123 acceptor compartment 1104:1123 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 0 73 theme chitosan 77:84 arg1 hydrogels 86:94 chitosan hydrogels 77:94 chitosan hydrogels 77:94 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. 24931183 7 74 theme thujone 1434:1440 arg1 time 1397:1400 the same time 1388:1400 the same time 1388:1400 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 74 theme thujone 1434:1440 arg1 permeation 1414:1423 suppressed permeation 1403:1423 suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) 1403:1495 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 74 theme thujone 1434:1440 arg1 permeation 1261:1270 an enhanced permeation 1249:1270 (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) 1220:1378 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 3 75 from identity 570:577 arg1 samples 648:654 the hydrogels and saline samples 623:654 samples 648:654 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 76 theme gas 456:458 arg1 chromatography 460:473 the gas chromatography 452:473 the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 452:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 77 theme preparation 317:327 arg1 procedure 329:337 A sample preparation procedure 308:337 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 308:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 78 from quantity 583:590 arg1 samples 648:654 the hydrogels and saline samples 623:654 samples 648:654 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 7 79 with monoterpenes 1288:1299 arg1 properties 1335:1344 antiflogistic and antiseptic properties 1306:1344 antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) 1306:1378 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 79 with monoterpenes 1288:1299 arg1 borneol 1371:1377 borneol 1371:1377 borneol 1371:1377 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 79 with monoterpenes 1288:1299 arg1 camphor 1359:1365 camphor 1359:1365 camphor 1359:1365 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 7 79 with monoterpenes 1288:1299 arg1 eucalyptol 1347:1356 eucalyptol 1347:1356 eucalyptol 1347:1356 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 3 80 from present 373:379 arg1 matrix 404:409 a hydrophilic water matrix 384:409 a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 384:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 81 theme present 373:379 arg1 analytes 364:371 hydrophobic volatile analytes 343:371 hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 343:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 4 82 theme chitosan 700:707 arg1 suitable 723:730 suitable 723:730 suitable 723:730 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogels are suitable for the formulation of sage essential oil. 24931183 4 82 theme chitosan 700:707 arg1 hydrogels 709:717 the chitosan hydrogels 696:717 the chitosan hydrogels 696:717 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogels are suitable for the formulation of sage essential oil. 24931183 0 83 theme essential 20:28 arg1 oil 30:32 essential oil 20:32 sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes 15:70 Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. 24931183 3 84 theme volatile 355:362 arg1 analytes 364:371 hydrophobic volatile analytes 343:371 hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 343:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 85 theme components 609:618 arg1 quantity 583:590 quantity 583:590 quantity 583:590 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 85 theme components 609:618 arg1 identity 570:577 the identity 566:577 the identity 566:577 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 7 86 theme toxic 1428:1432 arg1 thujone 1434:1440 toxic thujone 1428:1440 toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) 1428:1495 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 3 87 theme water 398:402 arg1 matrix 404:409 a hydrophilic water matrix 384:409 a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 384:516 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 3 88 theme essential 595:603 arg1 components 609:618 essential oil components 595:618 essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples 595:654 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 6 89 from chitosan 1029:1036 arg1 solution 1092:1099 saline solution 1085:1099 saline solution in acceptor compartment 1085:1123 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 89 from chitosan 1029:1036 arg1 compartment 1072:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 donor compartment 1066:1082 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 6 89 from chitosan 1029:1036 arg1 membrane 1156:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 semi-permeable cellophane membrane 1130:1163 Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. 24931183 4 90 theme sage 755:758 arg1 oil 770:772 sage essential oil 755:772 sage essential oil 755:772 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogels are suitable for the formulation of sage essential oil. 24931183 3 91 from matrix 404:409 arg1 present 373:379 present 373:379 present 373:379 A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. 24931183 2 92 theme chitosan 288:295 arg1 hydrogels 297:305 chitosan hydrogels 288:305 chitosan hydrogels 288:305 For the first time, compounds from the sage essential oil were formulated into chitosan hydrogels. 24931183 7 93 theme same 1392:1395 arg1 time 1397:1400 the same time 1388:1400 the same time 1388:1400 Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. 24931183 4 94 theme oil 770:772 arg1 formulation 740:750 the formulation 736:750 the formulation of sage essential oil 736:772 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogels are suitable for the formulation of sage essential oil. 24931183 8 95 theme chitosan 1585:1592 arg1 oil 1630:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil 1571:1632 These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications. 26812866 0 0 theme Lophopetalum 94:105 arg1 bark 118:121 bark 118:121 bark 118:121 Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark). 26812866 0 0 theme Lophopetalum 94:105 arg1 javanicum 107:115 Lophopetalum javanicum 94:115 Lophopetalum javanicum (bark) 94:122 Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark). 26812866 3 1 theme edema 742:746 arg1 method 775:780 carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method 718:780 carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method 718:780 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 4 2 theme 500 892:894 arg1 mg/kg 896:900 mg/kg 896:900 mg/kg 896:900 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 7 3 theme experiment 1383:1392 arg1 min 1376:1378 90 min 1373:1378 90 min of experiment 1373:1392 In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment. 26812866 1 4 theme current 151:157 arg1 study 159:163 the current study 147:163 the current study 147:163 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26812866 5 5 theme methanolic 1078:1087 arg1 extract 1089:1095 methanolic extract 1078:1095 methanolic extract 1078:1095 At the third hour after carrageenan injection, extreme inhibition (55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001) resulted by methanolic extract. 26812866 1 6 theme javanicum 252:260 arg1 application 224:234 the traditional application 208:234 the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum 208:260 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26812866 5 7 dep inhibition 1030:1039 arg1 % 1054:1054 55.61%±0.015% 1042:1054 55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001 1042:1063 At the third hour after carrageenan injection, extreme inhibition (55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001) resulted by methanolic extract. 26812866 1 8 theme study 159:163 arg1 aim 140:142 The aim 136:142 The aim of the current study 136:163 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26812866 6 9 dep min 1204:1206 arg1 up 1186:1187 up 1186:1187 up 1186:1187 By using hot plate method, it was found that L. javanicum increases pain tolerance time up to 17.89±0.079 min, whereas the compared standard's interval was 21.48±0.397 min. 26812866 3 10 from inhibition 661:670 arg1 mice 699:702 mice 699:702 mice 699:702 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 3 11 theme carrageenan-induced 718:736 arg1 edema 742:746 carrageenan-induced paw edema 718:746 carrageenan-induced paw edema 718:746 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 3 12 theme acute 601:605 arg1 effects 617:623 acute analgesic effects 601:623 acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum 601:639 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 8 13 theme pain 1500:1503 arg1 mediators 1505:1513 pain mediators 1500:1513 pain mediators to release 1500:1524 CONCLUSIONS This study manifested that the methanolic extract of L. javanicum is efficient in inhibiting pain mediators to release, and conceivably, this report should get priority while searching for a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. 26812866 0 14 theme javanicum 107:115 arg1 extract 83:89 methanolic crude extract 66:89 methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark) 66:122 Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark). 26812866 3 15 theme edema 769:773 arg1 method 775:780 carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method 718:780 carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method 718:780 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 4 16 theme mg/kg 896:900 arg1 dose 902:905 500 mg/kg dose 892:905 500 mg/kg dose 892:905 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 1 17 theme anti-inflammatory 276:292 arg1 activity 308:315 anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity 276:315 anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity 276:315 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26812866 5 18 theme carrageenan 999:1009 arg1 injection 1011:1019 carrageenan injection 999:1019 carrageenan injection 999:1019 At the third hour after carrageenan injection, extreme inhibition (55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001) resulted by methanolic extract. 26812866 5 19 theme third 982:986 arg1 hour 988:991 the third hour 978:991 the third hour after carrageenan injection 978:1019 At the third hour after carrageenan injection, extreme inhibition (55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001) resulted by methanolic extract. 26812866 7 20 theme pain 1301:1304 arg1 3.02±0.074 1320:1329 3.02±0.074 1320:1329 3.02±0.074 1320:1329 In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment. 26812866 7 20 theme pain 1301:1304 arg1 threshold 1306:1314 the pain threshold 1297:1314 the pain threshold 1297:1314 In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment. 26812866 2 21 theme in 440:441 arg1 activity 480:487 in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity 440:487 in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ) 440:532 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 3 22 from inflammation 683:694 arg1 mice 699:702 mice 699:702 mice 699:702 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 5 23 dep % 1054:1054 arg1 p<0.001 1057:1063 p<0.001 1057:1063 55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001 1042:1063 At the third hour after carrageenan injection, extreme inhibition (55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001) resulted by methanolic extract. 26812866 8 24 theme javanicum 1463:1471 arg1 extract 1449:1455 the methanolic extract 1434:1455 the methanolic extract of L. javanicum 1434:1471 CONCLUSIONS This study manifested that the methanolic extract of L. javanicum is efficient in inhibiting pain mediators to release, and conceivably, this report should get priority while searching for a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. 26812866 8 24 theme javanicum 1463:1471 arg1 efficient 1476:1484 efficient 1476:1484 efficient 1476:1484 CONCLUSIONS This study manifested that the methanolic extract of L. javanicum is efficient in inhibiting pain mediators to release, and conceivably, this report should get priority while searching for a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. 26812866 1 25 dep BACKGROUND 125:134 arg1 was 165:167 was 165:167 was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening 165:343 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26812866 3 26 from potency 650:656 arg1 inhibition 661:670 inhibition 661:670 inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice 661:702 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 2 27 theme extract 503:509 arg1 screening 393:401 the preliminary screening 377:401 the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition 377:434 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 2 27 theme extract 503:509 arg1 activity 480:487 in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity 440:487 in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ) 440:532 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 3 28 theme formalin-induced 752:767 arg1 edema 769:773 formalin-induced edema 752:773 formalin-induced edema 752:773 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 2 29 theme METHODS 346:352 arg1 study 362:366 METHODS Present study 346:366 METHODS Present study 346:366 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 7 30 from 3.02±0.074 1320:1329 arg1 method 1289:1294 tail immersion method 1274:1294 tail immersion method 1274:1294 In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment. 26812866 2 31 theme composition 424:434 arg1 screening 393:401 the preliminary screening 377:401 the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition 377:434 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 2 31 theme composition 424:434 arg1 activity 480:487 in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity 440:487 in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ) 440:532 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 2 32 theme methanolic 492:501 arg1 extract 503:509 methanolic extract 492:509 methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ) 492:532 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 6 33 theme tolerance 1171:1179 arg1 time 1181:1184 pain tolerance time 1166:1184 pain tolerance time 1166:1184 By using hot plate method, it was found that L. javanicum increases pain tolerance time up to 17.89±0.079 min, whereas the compared standard's interval was 21.48±0.397 min. 26812866 5 34 theme % 1047:1047 arg1 % 1054:1054 55.61%±0.015% 1042:1054 55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001 1042:1063 At the third hour after carrageenan injection, extreme inhibition (55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001) resulted by methanolic extract. 26812866 2 35 theme phytochemical 410:422 arg1 composition 424:434 the phytochemical composition 406:434 the phytochemical composition 406:434 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 1 36 theme analgesic 298:306 arg1 activity 308:315 anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity 276:315 anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity 276:315 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26812866 4 37 theme inhibitory 936:945 arg1 effect 947:952 the significant inhibitory effect 920:952 the significant inhibitory effect on paw 920:959 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 5 38 theme extreme 1022:1028 arg1 inhibition 1030:1039 extreme inhibition 1022:1039 extreme inhibition (55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001) 1022:1064 At the third hour after carrageenan injection, extreme inhibition (55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001) resulted by methanolic extract. 26812866 1 39 theme scientific 188:197 arg1 basis 199:203 the scientific basis 184:203 the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening 184:343 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26812866 0 40 theme antinociceptive 14:28 arg1 properties 52:61 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties 14:61 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark) 14:122 Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark). 26812866 4 41 theme significant 924:934 arg1 effect 947:952 the significant inhibitory effect 920:952 the significant inhibitory effect on paw 920:959 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 3 42 theme chronic 675:681 arg1 inflammation 683:694 chronic inflammation 675:694 chronic inflammation in mice 675:702 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 2 43 theme preliminary 381:391 arg1 screening 393:401 the preliminary screening 377:401 the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition 377:434 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 7 44 theme tail 1274:1277 arg1 method 1289:1294 tail immersion method 1274:1294 tail immersion method 1274:1294 In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment. 26812866 0 45 theme properties 52:61 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark). 0:123 Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark). 26812866 6 46 theme plate 1111:1115 arg1 method 1117:1122 hot plate method 1107:1122 hot plate method 1107:1122 By using hot plate method, it was found that L. javanicum increases pain tolerance time up to 17.89±0.079 min, whereas the compared standard's interval was 21.48±0.397 min. 26812866 3 47 theme inflammation 683:694 arg1 inhibition 661:670 inhibition 661:670 inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice 661:702 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 3 48 theme javanicum 631:639 arg1 effects 617:623 acute analgesic effects 601:623 acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum 601:639 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 3 49 used used 581:584 arg2 method 569:574 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method 535:574 method 569:574 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 3 49 used used 581:584 arg2 test 545:548 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method 535:574 test 545:548 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 2 50 theme analgesic 448:456 arg1 activity 480:487 in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity 440:487 in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ) 440:532 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 0 51 theme anti-inflammatory 34:50 arg1 properties 52:61 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties 14:61 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark) 14:122 Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark). 26812866 1 52 theme phytochemical 321:333 arg1 screening 335:343 phytochemical screening 321:343 phytochemical screening 321:343 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26812866 2 53 theme javanicum 517:525 arg1 extract 503:509 methanolic extract 492:509 methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ) 492:532 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 0 54 theme methanolic 66:75 arg1 extract 83:89 methanolic crude extract 66:89 methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark) 66:122 Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark). 26812866 8 55 dep CONCLUSIONS 1395:1405 arg1 manifested 1418:1427 manifested 1418:1427 manifested that the methanolic extract of L. javanicum is efficient in inhibiting pain mediators to release, and conceivably, this report should get priority while searching for a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent 1418:1638 CONCLUSIONS This study manifested that the methanolic extract of L. javanicum is efficient in inhibiting pain mediators to release, and conceivably, this report should get priority while searching for a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. 26812866 3 56 from mice 699:702 arg1 inhibition 661:670 inhibition 661:670 inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice 661:702 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 6 57 theme hot 1107:1109 arg1 method 1117:1122 hot plate method 1107:1122 hot plate method 1107:1122 By using hot plate method, it was found that L. javanicum increases pain tolerance time up to 17.89±0.079 min, whereas the compared standard's interval was 21.48±0.397 min. 26812866 8 58 theme methanolic 1438:1447 arg1 extract 1449:1455 the methanolic extract 1434:1455 the methanolic extract of L. javanicum 1434:1471 CONCLUSIONS This study manifested that the methanolic extract of L. javanicum is efficient in inhibiting pain mediators to release, and conceivably, this report should get priority while searching for a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. 26812866 8 58 theme methanolic 1438:1447 arg1 efficient 1476:1484 efficient 1476:1484 efficient 1476:1484 CONCLUSIONS This study manifested that the methanolic extract of L. javanicum is efficient in inhibiting pain mediators to release, and conceivably, this report should get priority while searching for a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. 26812866 4 59 from paw 957:959 arg1 increase 908:915 increase 908:915 increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw 908:959 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 3 60 theme Hot-plate 535:543 arg1 test 545:548 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method 535:574 test 545:548 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 3 61 theme analgesic 607:615 arg1 effects 617:623 acute analgesic effects 601:623 acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum 601:639 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 4 62 dep RESULTS 783:789 arg1 hour 795:798 One hour 791:798 One hour after the administration of carrageenan 791:838 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 4 62 dep RESULTS 783:789 arg1 paw 847:849 rat's paw 841:849 rat's paw 841:849 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 7 63 from mg/kg 1348:1352 arg1 p<0.001 1332:1338 p<0.001 1332:1338 p<0.001 1332:1338 In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment. 26812866 7 63 from mg/kg 1348:1352 arg1 3.02±0.074 1320:1329 3.02±0.074 1320:1329 3.02±0.074 1320:1329 In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment. 26812866 7 63 from mg/kg 1348:1352 arg1 threshold 1306:1314 the pain threshold 1297:1314 the pain threshold 1297:1314 In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment. 26812866 1 64 theme traditional 212:222 arg1 application 224:234 the traditional application 208:234 the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum 208:260 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26812866 4 65 from increase 908:915 arg1 paw 957:959 paw 957:959 paw 957:959 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 4 65 from increase 908:915 arg1 effect 947:952 the significant inhibitory effect 920:952 the significant inhibitory effect on paw 920:959 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 4 66 theme carrageenan 828:838 arg1 administration 810:823 the administration 806:823 the administration of carrageenan 806:838 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 4 67 from effect 947:952 arg1 paw 957:959 paw 957:959 paw 957:959 RESULTS One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat's paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. 26812866 2 68 theme Present 354:360 arg1 study 362:366 METHODS Present study 346:366 METHODS Present study 346:366 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 7 69 theme immersion 1279:1287 arg1 method 1289:1294 tail immersion method 1274:1294 tail immersion method 1274:1294 In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment. 26812866 1 70 theme application 224:234 arg1 basis 199:203 the scientific basis 184:203 the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening 184:343 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26812866 0 71 theme extract 83:89 arg1 properties 52:61 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties 14:61 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark) 14:122 Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark). 26812866 7 72 from min 1376:1378 arg1 mg/kg 1348:1352 400 mg/kg 1344:1352 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment 1344:1392 In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment. 26812866 2 73 dep in 440:441 arg1 vivo 443:446 vivo 443:446 vivo 443:446 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 2 74 theme anti-inflammatory 462:478 arg1 activity 480:487 in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity 440:487 in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ) 440:532 METHODS Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). 26812866 3 75 theme tail 554:557 arg1 method 569:574 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method 535:574 method 569:574 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 8 76 theme anti-inflammatory 1616:1632 arg1 agent 1634:1638 a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent 1596:1638 agent 1634:1638 CONCLUSIONS This study manifested that the methanolic extract of L. javanicum is efficient in inhibiting pain mediators to release, and conceivably, this report should get priority while searching for a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. 26812866 0 77 theme crude 77:81 arg1 extract 83:89 methanolic crude extract 66:89 methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark) 66:122 Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark). 26812866 3 78 theme paw 738:740 arg1 edema 742:746 carrageenan-induced paw edema 718:746 carrageenan-induced paw edema 718:746 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 6 79 theme pain 1166:1169 arg1 time 1181:1184 pain tolerance time 1166:1184 pain tolerance time 1166:1184 By using hot plate method, it was found that L. javanicum increases pain tolerance time up to 17.89±0.079 min, whereas the compared standard's interval was 21.48±0.397 min. 26812866 3 80 theme immersion 559:567 arg1 method 569:574 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method 535:574 method 569:574 Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method. 26812866 1 81 theme Lophopetalum 239:250 arg1 javanicum 252:260 Lophopetalum javanicum 239:260 Lophopetalum javanicum 239:260 BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening. 26952484 7 0 theme drug-loading 1278:1289 arg1 efficiency 1291:1300 a highest drug-loading efficiency 1268:1300 a highest drug-loading efficiency 1268:1300 The results suggested that the SrHA/Alginate had a highest drug-loading efficiency and best controlled drug release properties. 26952484 1 1 theme crosslinking 377:388 arg1 reaction 390:397 crosslinking reaction 377:397 crosslinking reaction 377:397 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 1 2 theme composite 200:208 arg1 SrHA/Alginate 224:236 SrHA/Alginate 224:236 SrHA/Alginate 224:236 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 1 2 theme composite 200:208 arg1 microspheres 210:221 alginate composite microspheres 191:221 alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) 191:237 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 1 3 theme chloride 311:318 arg1 solution 320:327 calcium chloride solution 303:327 calcium chloride solution 303:327 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 0 4 theme regeneration 91:102 arg1 application 104:114 bone regeneration application 86:114 bone regeneration application 86:114 Bioactive apatite incorporated alginate microspheres with sustained drug-delivery for bone regeneration application. 26952484 10 5 theme multifunctional 1541:1555 arg1 SrHA/Alginate 1557:1569 the multifunctional SrHA/Alginate 1537:1569 the multifunctional SrHA/Alginate 1537:1569 Accordingly, the multifunctional SrHA/Alginate can be applied in the field of bioactive drug carriers and bone filling materials. 26952484 6 6 used used 1115:1118 arg2 vancomycin 1100:1109 vancomycin 1100:1109 vancomycin 1100:1109 Furthermore, vancomycin was used as a model drug to investigate the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA. 26952484 6 6 used used 1115:1118 arg2 drug 1131:1134 a model drug 1123:1134 a model drug 1123:1134 Furthermore, vancomycin was used as a model drug to investigate the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA. 26952484 6 7 theme drug 1155:1158 arg1 behaviors 1168:1176 the drug release behaviors 1151:1176 the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA 1151:1216 Furthermore, vancomycin was used as a model drug to investigate the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA. 26952484 6 8 theme release 1160:1166 arg1 behaviors 1168:1176 the drug release behaviors 1151:1176 the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA 1151:1216 Furthermore, vancomycin was used as a model drug to investigate the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA. 26952484 5 9 theme Sr 1078:1079 arg1 ions 1081:1084 osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions 1048:1084 osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions 1048:1084 Compared with the control Alginate, the SrHA/Alginate enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and ALP activity by releasing osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions. 26952484 2 10 dep structure 404:412 arg1 The 400:402 The 400:402 The 400:402 The structure, morphology and in vitro bioactivity of the composite microspheres were studied by using XRD, SEM and EDS methods. 26952484 3 11 theme plasma 614:619 arg1 ICP-OES 652:658 ICP-OES 652:658 ICP-OES 652:658 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 3 11 theme plasma 614:619 arg1 spectroscopy 638:649 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy 594:649 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) 594:659 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 7 12 theme highest 1270:1276 arg1 efficiency 1291:1300 a highest drug-loading efficiency 1268:1300 a highest drug-loading efficiency 1268:1300 The results suggested that the SrHA/Alginate had a highest drug-loading efficiency and best controlled drug release properties. 26952484 4 13 theme well-known 826:835 arg1 Alginate 860:867 Alginate 860:867 Alginate 860:867 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 4 13 theme well-known 826:835 arg1 microspheres 846:857 the well-known alginate microspheres 822:857 the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) 822:868 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 7 14 theme drug 1322:1325 arg1 properties 1335:1344 drug release properties 1322:1344 drug release properties 1322:1344 The results suggested that the SrHA/Alginate had a highest drug-loading efficiency and best controlled drug release properties. 26952484 3 15 theme biological 533:542 arg1 behaviors 544:552 The biological behaviors 529:552 The biological behaviors 529:552 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 5 16 theme cell 999:1002 arg1 proliferation 1004:1016 MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation 990:1016 MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation 990:1016 Compared with the control Alginate, the SrHA/Alginate enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and ALP activity by releasing osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions. 26952484 10 17 theme materials 1643:1651 arg1 field 1593:1597 the field 1589:1597 the field of bioactive drug carriers and bone filling materials 1589:1651 Accordingly, the multifunctional SrHA/Alginate can be applied in the field of bioactive drug carriers and bone filling materials. 26952484 6 18 theme Alginate 1200:1207 arg1 behaviors 1168:1176 the drug release behaviors 1151:1176 the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA 1151:1216 Furthermore, vancomycin was used as a model drug to investigate the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA. 26952484 4 19 theme in 905:906 arg1 bioactivity 914:924 a great in vitro bioactivity 897:924 a great in vitro bioactivity 897:924 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 9 20 from increase 1428:1435 arg1 solution 1473:1480 phosphate buffer solution 1456:1480 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) 1456:1486 The increase of the pH value in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) accelerated the vancomycin release. 26952484 9 20 from increase 1428:1435 arg1 PBS 1483:1485 PBS 1483:1485 PBS 1483:1485 The increase of the pH value in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) accelerated the vancomycin release. 26952484 5 21 theme osteoinductive 1048:1061 arg1 ions 1081:1084 osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions 1048:1084 osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions 1048:1084 Compared with the control Alginate, the SrHA/Alginate enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and ALP activity by releasing osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions. 26952484 3 22 dep spectroscopy 638:649 arg1 evaluations 712:722 evaluations 712:722 evaluations 712:722 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 2 23 theme XRD 503:505 arg1 methods 520:526 XRD, SEM and EDS methods 503:526 XRD, SEM and EDS methods 503:526 The structure, morphology and in vitro bioactivity of the composite microspheres were studied by using XRD, SEM and EDS methods. 26952484 4 24 contain possessed 887:895 arg1 them 882:885 them 882:885 them 882:885 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 4 24 contain possessed 887:895 arg1 both 874:877 both 874:877 both 874:877 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 4 24 contain possessed 887:895 arg2 bioactivity 914:924 a great in vitro bioactivity 897:924 a great in vitro bioactivity 897:924 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 6 25 theme SrHA 1213:1216 arg1 behaviors 1168:1176 the drug release behaviors 1151:1176 the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA 1151:1216 Furthermore, vancomycin was used as a model drug to investigate the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA. 26952484 9 26 theme buffer 1466:1471 arg1 solution 1473:1480 phosphate buffer solution 1456:1480 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) 1456:1486 The increase of the pH value in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) accelerated the vancomycin release. 26952484 9 26 theme buffer 1466:1471 arg1 PBS 1483:1485 PBS 1483:1485 PBS 1483:1485 The increase of the pH value in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) accelerated the vancomycin release. 26952484 9 27 theme phosphate 1456:1464 arg1 solution 1473:1480 phosphate buffer solution 1456:1480 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) 1456:1486 The increase of the pH value in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) accelerated the vancomycin release. 26952484 9 27 theme phosphate 1456:1464 arg1 PBS 1483:1485 PBS 1483:1485 PBS 1483:1485 The increase of the pH value in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) accelerated the vancomycin release. 26952484 2 28 theme EDS 516:518 arg1 methods 520:526 XRD, SEM and EDS methods 503:526 XRD, SEM and EDS methods 503:526 The structure, morphology and in vitro bioactivity of the composite microspheres were studied by using XRD, SEM and EDS methods. 26952484 10 29 theme bone 1630:1633 arg1 materials 1643:1651 bone filling materials 1630:1651 bone filling materials 1630:1651 Accordingly, the multifunctional SrHA/Alginate can be applied in the field of bioactive drug carriers and bone filling materials. 26952484 3 30 theme optical 621:627 arg1 ICP-OES 652:658 ICP-OES 652:658 ICP-OES 652:658 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 3 30 theme optical 621:627 arg1 spectroscopy 638:649 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy 594:649 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) 594:659 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 2 31 theme in 430:431 arg1 bioactivity 439:449 in vitro bioactivity 430:449 in vitro bioactivity 430:449 The structure, morphology and in vitro bioactivity of the composite microspheres were studied by using XRD, SEM and EDS methods. 26952484 0 32 theme Bioactive 0:8 arg1 apatite 10:16 Bioactive apatite 0:16 Bioactive apatite 0:16 Bioactive apatite incorporated alginate microspheres with sustained drug-delivery for bone regeneration application. 26952484 3 33 theme emission 629:636 arg1 ICP-OES 652:658 ICP-OES 652:658 ICP-OES 652:658 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 3 33 theme emission 629:636 arg1 spectroscopy 638:649 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy 594:649 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) 594:659 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 4 34 theme alginate 837:844 arg1 Alginate 860:867 Alginate 860:867 Alginate 860:867 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 4 34 theme alginate 837:844 arg1 microspheres 846:857 the well-known alginate microspheres 822:857 the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) 822:868 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 0 35 theme alginate 31:38 arg1 microspheres 40:51 alginate microspheres 31:51 alginate microspheres 31:51 Bioactive apatite incorporated alginate microspheres with sustained drug-delivery for bone regeneration application. 26952484 7 36 theme release 1327:1333 arg1 properties 1335:1344 drug release properties 1322:1344 drug release properties 1322:1344 The results suggested that the SrHA/Alginate had a highest drug-loading efficiency and best controlled drug release properties. 26952484 1 37 theme strontium-substituted 121:141 arg1 SrHA 172:175 SrHA 172:175 SrHA 172:175 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 1 37 theme strontium-substituted 121:141 arg1 microspheres 158:169 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres 117:169 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) 117:237 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 2 38 theme microspheres 468:479 arg1 structure 404:412 structure 404:412 structure 404:412 The structure, morphology and in vitro bioactivity of the composite microspheres were studied by using XRD, SEM and EDS methods. 26952484 2 38 theme microspheres 468:479 arg1 bioactivity 439:449 in vitro bioactivity 430:449 in vitro bioactivity 430:449 The structure, morphology and in vitro bioactivity of the composite microspheres were studied by using XRD, SEM and EDS methods. 26952484 2 38 theme microspheres 468:479 arg1 morphology 415:424 morphology 415:424 morphology 415:424 The structure, morphology and in vitro bioactivity of the composite microspheres were studied by using XRD, SEM and EDS methods. 26952484 4 39 theme similar 800:806 arg1 morphology 808:817 similar morphology 800:817 similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) 800:868 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 1 40 theme gel 343:345 arg1 beads 347:351 the gel beads 339:351 the gel beads 339:351 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 5 41 theme ALP 1022:1024 arg1 activity 1026:1033 ALP activity 1022:1033 ALP activity 1022:1033 Compared with the control Alginate, the SrHA/Alginate enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and ALP activity by releasing osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions. 26952484 1 42 theme hydroxyapatite 143:156 arg1 SrHA 172:175 SrHA 172:175 SrHA 172:175 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 1 42 theme hydroxyapatite 143:156 arg1 microspheres 158:169 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres 117:169 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) 117:237 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 2 43 theme composite 458:466 arg1 microspheres 468:479 the composite microspheres 454:479 the composite microspheres 454:479 The structure, morphology and in vitro bioactivity of the composite microspheres were studied by using XRD, SEM and EDS methods. 26952484 3 44 theme ALP 699:701 arg1 activity 703:710 ALP activity 699:710 ALP activity 699:710 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 2 45 theme SEM 508:510 arg1 methods 520:526 XRD, SEM and EDS methods 503:526 XRD, SEM and EDS methods 503:526 The structure, morphology and in vitro bioactivity of the composite microspheres were studied by using XRD, SEM and EDS methods. 26952484 3 46 theme laser 678:682 arg1 microscope 684:693 confocal laser microscope 669:693 confocal laser microscope 669:693 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 4 47 dep in 905:906 arg1 vitro 908:912 vitro 908:912 vitro 908:912 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 7 48 contain had 1264:1266 arg1 SrHA/Alginate 1250:1262 the SrHA/Alginate 1246:1262 the SrHA/Alginate 1246:1262 The results suggested that the SrHA/Alginate had a highest drug-loading efficiency and best controlled drug release properties. 26952484 7 48 contain had 1264:1266 arg2 efficiency 1291:1300 a highest drug-loading efficiency 1268:1300 a highest drug-loading efficiency 1268:1300 The results suggested that the SrHA/Alginate had a highest drug-loading efficiency and best controlled drug release properties. 26952484 1 49 theme SrHA/alginate 264:276 arg1 dropwise 289:296 SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise 264:296 SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise 264:296 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 9 50 theme pH 1444:1445 arg1 value 1447:1451 the pH value 1440:1451 the pH value 1440:1451 The increase of the pH value in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) accelerated the vancomycin release. 26952484 10 51 theme bioactive 1602:1610 arg1 carriers 1617:1624 bioactive drug carriers 1602:1624 bioactive drug carriers 1602:1624 Accordingly, the multifunctional SrHA/Alginate can be applied in the field of bioactive drug carriers and bone filling materials. 26952484 9 52 theme vancomycin 1504:1513 arg1 release 1515:1521 the vancomycin release 1500:1521 the vancomycin release 1500:1521 The increase of the pH value in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) accelerated the vancomycin release. 26952484 4 53 theme synthetic 769:777 arg1 SrHA/Alginate 779:791 the synthetic SrHA/Alginate 765:791 the synthetic SrHA/Alginate 765:791 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 0 54 theme sustained 58:66 arg1 drug-delivery 68:80 sustained drug-delivery 58:80 sustained drug-delivery for bone regeneration application 58:114 Bioactive apatite incorporated alginate microspheres with sustained drug-delivery for bone regeneration application. 26952484 9 55 theme value 1447:1451 arg1 increase 1428:1435 The increase 1424:1435 The increase of the pH value in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) 1424:1486 The increase of the pH value in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) accelerated the vancomycin release. 26952484 10 56 theme carriers 1617:1624 arg1 field 1593:1597 the field 1589:1597 the field of bioactive drug carriers and bone filling materials 1589:1651 Accordingly, the multifunctional SrHA/Alginate can be applied in the field of bioactive drug carriers and bone filling materials. 26952484 4 57 theme great 899:903 arg1 bioactivity 914:924 a great in vitro bioactivity 897:924 a great in vitro bioactivity 897:924 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 10 58 theme filling 1635:1641 arg1 materials 1643:1651 bone filling materials 1630:1651 bone filling materials 1630:1651 Accordingly, the multifunctional SrHA/Alginate can be applied in the field of bioactive drug carriers and bone filling materials. 26952484 5 59 theme osteogenic 1067:1076 arg1 ions 1081:1084 osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions 1048:1084 osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions 1048:1084 Compared with the control Alginate, the SrHA/Alginate enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and ALP activity by releasing osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions. 26952484 2 60 dep in 430:431 arg1 vitro 433:437 vitro 433:437 vitro 433:437 The structure, morphology and in vitro bioactivity of the composite microspheres were studied by using XRD, SEM and EDS methods. 26952484 5 61 theme MC3T3-E1 990:997 arg1 proliferation 1004:1016 MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation 990:1016 MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation 990:1016 Compared with the control Alginate, the SrHA/Alginate enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and ALP activity by releasing osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions. 26952484 3 62 theme coupled 606:612 arg1 ICP-OES 652:658 ICP-OES 652:658 ICP-OES 652:658 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 3 62 theme coupled 606:612 arg1 spectroscopy 638:649 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy 594:649 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) 594:659 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 1 63 theme suspension 278:287 arg1 dropwise 289:296 SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise 264:296 SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise 264:296 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 3 64 theme confocal 669:676 arg1 microscope 684:693 confocal laser microscope 669:693 confocal laser microscope 669:693 The biological behaviors were characterized and analyzed through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), CCK-8, confocal laser microscope and ALP activity evaluations. 26952484 4 65 theme experimental 729:740 arg1 results 742:748 The experimental results 725:748 The experimental results 725:748 The experimental results indicated that the synthetic SrHA/Alginate showed similar morphology to the well-known alginate microspheres (Alginate) and both of them possessed a great in vitro bioactivity. 26952484 6 66 theme SrHA/Alginate 1185:1197 arg1 behaviors 1168:1176 the drug release behaviors 1151:1176 the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA 1151:1216 Furthermore, vancomycin was used as a model drug to investigate the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA. 26952484 0 67 theme bone 86:89 arg1 application 104:114 bone regeneration application 86:114 bone regeneration application 86:114 Bioactive apatite incorporated alginate microspheres with sustained drug-delivery for bone regeneration application. 26952484 6 68 theme model 1125:1129 arg1 vancomycin 1100:1109 vancomycin 1100:1109 vancomycin 1100:1109 Furthermore, vancomycin was used as a model drug to investigate the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA. 26952484 6 68 theme model 1125:1129 arg1 drug 1131:1134 a model drug 1123:1134 a model drug 1123:1134 Furthermore, vancomycin was used as a model drug to investigate the drug release behaviors of the SrHA/Alginate, Alginate and SrHA. 26952484 5 69 theme control 945:951 arg1 Alginate 953:960 the control Alginate 941:960 the control Alginate 941:960 Compared with the control Alginate, the SrHA/Alginate enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and ALP activity by releasing osteoinductive and osteogenic Sr ions. 26952484 10 70 theme drug 1612:1615 arg1 carriers 1617:1624 bioactive drug carriers 1602:1624 bioactive drug carriers 1602:1624 Accordingly, the multifunctional SrHA/Alginate can be applied in the field of bioactive drug carriers and bone filling materials. 26952484 1 71 theme alginate 191:198 arg1 SrHA/Alginate 224:236 SrHA/Alginate 224:236 SrHA/Alginate 224:236 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 1 71 theme alginate 191:198 arg1 microspheres 210:221 alginate composite microspheres 191:221 alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) 191:237 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 26952484 1 72 theme calcium 303:309 arg1 solution 320:327 calcium chloride solution 303:327 calcium chloride solution 303:327 The strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres (SrHA) incorporated alginate composite microspheres (SrHA/Alginate) were prepared via adding SrHA/alginate suspension dropwise into calcium chloride solution, in which the gel beads were formed by means of crosslinking reaction. 25864058 11 0 theme Total 2063:2067 arg1 FA 2073:2074 Total n-3 FA 2063:2074 Total n-3 FA 2063:2074 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 4 1 theme dry 945:947 arg1 DM 957:958 DM 957:958 DM 957:958 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 4 1 theme dry 945:947 arg1 matter 949:954 dry matter 945:954 dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 945:1031 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 8 2 theme Total 1598:1602 arg1 fat 1609:1611 Total milk fat 1598:1611 Total milk fat SFA concentrations 1598:1630 Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. 25864058 12 3 dep extruded 2328:2335 arg1 both 2352:2355 both 2352:2355 both 2352:2355 Feeding extruded linseed and MS both provided potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk, and no significant interactions were found between extruded linseed supplementation and forage type. 25864058 11 4 theme FA 2176:2177 arg1 g 2171:2171 1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g 2153:2171 1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA 2153:2177 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 8 5 theme fat 1609:1611 arg1 concentrations 1617:1630 Total milk fat SFA concentrations 1598:1630 Total milk fat SFA concentrations 1598:1630 Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. 25864058 6 6 theme respiration 1333:1343 arg1 chambers 1345:1352 respiration chambers 1333:1352 respiration chambers 1333:1352 Milk yields, DM intake, milk composition, and methane production were measured at the end of each experimental period when cows were housed in respiration chambers. 25864058 4 7 theme DM 998:999 arg1 proportions 985:995 proportions 985:995 proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 985:1031 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 4 7 theme DM 998:999 arg1 basis 1001:1005 DM basis 998:1005 DM basis 998:1005 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 14 8 theme significant 2650:2660 arg1 effects 2662:2668 significant effects 2650:2668 significant effects 2650:2668 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 3 9 theme mid-lactation 674:686 arg1 cows 706:709 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows 669:709 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows 669:709 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 7 10 theme extruded 1423:1430 arg1 linseed 1432:1438 extruded linseed 1423:1438 extruded linseed 1423:1438 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 7 11 contain had 1440:1442 arg1 type 1414:1417 type 1414:1417 type 1414:1417 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 7 11 contain had 1440:1442 arg1 linseed 1432:1438 extruded linseed 1423:1438 extruded linseed 1423:1438 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 7 11 contain had 1440:1442 arg2 effect 1459:1464 no significant effect 1444:1464 no significant effect 1444:1464 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 1 12 theme dairy 333:337 arg1 cows 339:342 dairy cows 333:342 dairy cows 333:342 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 8 13 dep linseed 1776:1782 arg1 g 1805:1805 65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g 1785:1805 65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA 1785:1811 Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. 25864058 6 14 theme period 1301:1306 arg1 end 1276:1278 the end 1272:1278 the end of each experimental period 1272:1306 Milk yields, DM intake, milk composition, and methane production were measured at the end of each experimental period when cows were housed in respiration chambers. 25864058 1 15 theme maize 180:184 arg1 MS 194:195 MS 194:195 MS 194:195 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 1 15 theme maize 180:184 arg1 silage 186:191 maize silage 180:191 maize silage (MS) 180:196 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 11 16 theme extruded 2135:2142 arg1 linseed 2144:2150 no extruded linseed 2132:2150 no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively) 2132:2192 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 3 17 theme fed 716:718 arg1 diets 720:724 fed diets 716:724 fed diets 716:724 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 0 18 theme dairy 127:131 arg1 cows 133:136 lactating dairy cows 117:136 lactating dairy cows 117:136 Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. 25864058 13 19 theme FA 2584:2585 arg1 concentration 2587:2599 trans FA concentration 2578:2599 trans FA concentration 2578:2599 However, both MS and extruded linseed increased trans FA concentration in milk fat. 25864058 9 20 theme trans 1886:1890 arg1 FA 1892:1893 total trans FA 1880:1893 total trans FA 1880:1893 Concentrations of total trans FA were higher with MS compared with GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and when extruded linseed was fed (6.8 vs. 5. 25864058 3 21 theme MS 788:789 arg1 proportions 773:783 either high proportions 761:783 either high proportions of MS or GS 761:795 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 7 22 theme MS-based 1392:1399 arg1 diet 1401:1404 the MS-based diet 1388:1404 the MS-based diet 1388:1404 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 2 23 theme cows 507:510 arg1 effect 380:385 the effect 376:385 the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows 376:510 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 3 24 theme mixed 735:739 arg1 rations 741:747 total mixed rations 729:747 total mixed rations 729:747 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 13 25 theme extruded 2551:2558 arg1 linseed 2560:2566 extruded linseed 2551:2566 extruded linseed 2551:2566 However, both MS and extruded linseed increased trans FA concentration in milk fat. 25864058 12 26 theme SFA 2402:2404 arg1 concentration 2406:2418 SFA concentration 2402:2418 SFA concentration of milk 2402:2426 Feeding extruded linseed and MS both provided potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk, and no significant interactions were found between extruded linseed supplementation and forage type. 25864058 2 27 theme linseed 649:655 arg1 supplement 657:666 the extruded linseed supplement 636:666 the extruded linseed supplement 636:666 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 5 28 theme DM 1130:1131 arg1 extract 1121:1127 275 g/kg ether extract 1106:1127 275 g/kg ether extract 1106:1127 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 5 28 theme DM 1130:1131 arg1 basis 1133:1137 DM basis 1130:1137 DM basis 1130:1137 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 8 29 dep diets 1674:1678 arg1 g 1701:1701 65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g 1681:1701 65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA 1681:1707 Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. 25864058 2 30 theme fatty 437:441 arg1 composition 453:463 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 432:463 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 432:463 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 1 31 theme grass 157:161 arg1 GS 171:172 GS 171:172 GS 171:172 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 1 31 theme grass 157:161 arg1 silage 163:168 dietary grass silage 149:168 dietary grass silage (GS) 149:173 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 3 32 theme GS 794:795 arg1 proportions 773:783 either high proportions 761:783 either high proportions of MS or GS 761:795 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 7 33 theme DM 1363:1364 arg1 intake 1366:1371 DM intake 1363:1371 DM intake 1363:1371 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 2 34 theme neutral 576:582 arg1 fiber 594:598 similar neutral detergent fiber 568:598 similar neutral detergent fiber 568:598 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 5 35 theme g/kg 1110:1113 arg1 extract 1121:1127 275 g/kg ether extract 1106:1127 275 g/kg ether extract 1106:1127 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 5 35 theme g/kg 1110:1113 arg1 basis 1133:1137 DM basis 1130:1137 DM basis 1130:1137 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 9 36 theme GS-based 1929:1936 arg1 diets 1938:1942 GS-based diets 1929:1942 GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) 1929:1984 Concentrations of total trans FA were higher with MS compared with GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and when extruded linseed was fed (6.8 vs. 5. 25864058 0 37 theme milk 86:89 arg1 composition 102:112 milk fatty acid composition 86:112 milk fatty acid composition 86:112 Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. 25864058 12 38 from decreases 2389:2397 arg1 concentration 2406:2418 SFA concentration 2402:2418 SFA concentration of milk 2402:2426 Feeding extruded linseed and MS both provided potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk, and no significant interactions were found between extruded linseed supplementation and forage type. 25864058 14 39 theme extruded 2752:2759 arg1 linseed 2761:2767 extruded linseed 2752:2767 extruded linseed 2752:2767 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 7 40 theme milk 1469:1472 arg1 yield 1474:1478 milk yield 1469:1478 milk yield 1469:1478 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 5 41 theme treatment 1156:1164 arg1 diets 1166:1170 treatment diets 1156:1170 treatment diets 1156:1170 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 0 42 theme acid 97:100 arg1 composition 102:112 milk fatty acid composition 86:112 milk fatty acid composition 86:112 Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. 25864058 0 43 theme extruded 27:34 arg1 supplementation 44:58 extruded linseed supplementation 27:58 extruded linseed supplementation 27:58 Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. 25864058 2 44 from supplement 418:427 arg1 composition 453:463 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 432:463 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 432:463 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 2 44 from supplement 418:427 arg1 production 477:486 methane production 469:486 methane production 469:486 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 4 45 theme high 1048:1051 arg1 diets 1056:1060 high GS diets 1048:1060 high GS diets 1048:1060 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 1 46 theme milk 237:240 arg1 concentration 242:254 milk concentration 237:254 milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) 237:294 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 4 47 contain containing 961:970 arg2 GS 979:980 GS 979:980 GS 979:980 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 4 47 contain containing 961:970 arg2 MS 972:973 MS 972:973 MS 972:973 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 4 47 contain containing 961:970 arg1 matter 949:954 dry matter 945:954 dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 945:1031 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 4 47 contain containing 961:970 arg1 DM 957:958 DM 957:958 DM 957:958 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 14 48 theme supplemental 2721:2732 arg1 lipid 2734:2738 supplemental lipid 2721:2738 supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed 2721:2767 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 10 49 theme FA 2044:2045 arg1 g 2039:2039 6g/100 g 2032:2039 6g/100 g 2032:2039 6g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 11 50 theme n-6 2209:2211 arg1 FA 2229:2230 total n-6 polyunsaturated FA 2203:2230 total n-6 polyunsaturated FA 2203:2230 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 12 51 theme extruded 2480:2487 arg1 supplementation 2497:2511 extruded linseed supplementation 2480:2511 extruded linseed supplementation 2480:2511 Feeding extruded linseed and MS both provided potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk, and no significant interactions were found between extruded linseed supplementation and forage type. 25864058 11 52 theme n-3 2069:2071 arg1 FA 2073:2074 Total n-3 FA 2063:2074 Total n-3 FA 2063:2074 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 3 53 contain containing 750:759 arg2 proportions 773:783 either high proportions 761:783 either high proportions of MS or GS 761:795 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 3 53 contain containing 750:759 arg1 diets 720:724 fed diets 716:724 fed diets 716:724 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 1 54 theme saturated 268:276 arg1 SFA 291:293 SFA 291:293 SFA 291:293 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 1 54 theme saturated 268:276 arg1 acids 284:288 specific saturated fatty acids 259:288 specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) 259:294 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 3 55 theme square 863:868 arg1 design 870:875 a 4×4 Latin square design 851:875 a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods 851:904 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 2 56 theme linseed 410:416 arg1 supplement 418:427 an extruded linseed supplement 398:427 an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production 398:486 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 6 57 theme DM 1203:1204 arg1 intake 1206:1211 DM intake 1203:1211 DM intake 1203:1211 Milk yields, DM intake, milk composition, and methane production were measured at the end of each experimental period when cows were housed in respiration chambers. 25864058 1 58 theme acids 284:288 arg1 concentration 242:254 milk concentration 237:254 milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) 237:294 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 12 59 theme beneficial 2378:2387 arg1 decreases 2389:2397 potentially beneficial decreases 2366:2397 potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk 2366:2426 Feeding extruded linseed and MS both provided potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk, and no significant interactions were found between extruded linseed supplementation and forage type. 25864058 3 60 theme 4×4 853:855 arg1 design 870:875 a 4×4 Latin square design 851:875 a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods 851:904 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 8 61 theme FA 1810:1811 arg1 g 1805:1805 65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g 1785:1805 65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA 1785:1811 Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. 25864058 2 62 theme extruded 640:647 arg1 supplement 657:666 the extruded linseed supplement 636:666 the extruded linseed supplement 636:666 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 3 63 with experiment 877:886 arg1 periods 898:904 28-d periods 893:904 28-d periods 893:904 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 3 64 theme 28-d 893:896 arg1 periods 898:904 28-d periods 893:904 28-d periods 893:904 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 9 65 theme FA 1968:1969 arg1 g 1963:1963 7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g 1945:1963 7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA 1945:1969 Concentrations of total trans FA were higher with MS compared with GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and when extruded linseed was fed (6.8 vs. 5. 25864058 5 66 theme Extruded 1077:1084 arg1 supplement 1094:1103 Extruded linseed supplement 1077:1103 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) 1077:1138 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 4 67 theme matter 949:954 arg1 forage/kg 932:940 forage/kg 932:940 forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 932:1031 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 8 68 theme milk 1604:1607 arg1 fat 1609:1611 Total milk fat 1598:1611 Total milk fat SFA concentrations 1598:1630 Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. 25864058 5 69 theme DM 1186:1187 arg1 g/kg 1178:1181 50 g/kg 1175:1181 50 g/kg of DM 1175:1187 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 1 70 theme fat 210:212 arg1 supplements 214:224 dietary fat supplements 202:224 dietary fat supplements 202:224 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 4 71 contain contained 913:921 arg1 Diets 907:911 Diets 907:911 Diets 907:911 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 4 71 contain contained 913:921 arg2 g 927:927 500 g 923:927 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets 923:1060 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 12 72 theme linseed 2489:2495 arg1 supplementation 2497:2511 extruded linseed supplementation 2480:2511 extruded linseed supplementation 2480:2511 Feeding extruded linseed and MS both provided potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk, and no significant interactions were found between extruded linseed supplementation and forage type. 25864058 8 73 theme SFA 1613:1615 arg1 concentrations 1617:1630 Total milk fat SFA concentrations 1598:1630 Total milk fat SFA concentrations 1598:1630 Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. 25864058 14 74 theme methane 2673:2679 arg1 production 2681:2690 methane production 2673:2690 methane production 2673:2690 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 0 75 theme linseed 36:42 arg1 supplementation 44:58 extruded linseed supplementation 27:58 extruded linseed supplementation 27:58 Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. 25864058 7 76 theme methane 1526:1532 arg1 production 1534:1543 methane production 1526:1543 methane production 1526:1543 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 13 77 theme milk 2604:2607 arg1 fat 2609:2611 milk fat 2604:2611 milk fat 2604:2611 However, both MS and extruded linseed increased trans FA concentration in milk fat. 25864058 5 78 dep supplement 1094:1103 arg1 extract 1121:1127 275 g/kg ether extract 1106:1127 275 g/kg ether extract 1106:1127 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 5 78 dep supplement 1094:1103 arg1 basis 1133:1137 DM basis 1130:1137 DM basis 1130:1137 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 11 79 dep GS 2274:2275 arg1 g 2296:2296 2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g 2278:2296 2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA 2278:2302 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 3 80 theme Holstein-Friesian 688:704 arg1 cows 706:709 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows 669:709 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows 669:709 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 0 81 theme lactating 117:125 arg1 cows 133:136 lactating dairy cows 117:136 lactating dairy cows 117:136 Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. 25864058 14 82 theme extruded 2629:2636 arg1 linseed 2638:2644 extruded linseed 2629:2644 extruded linseed 2629:2644 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 11 83 dep higher 2081:2086 arg1 whereas 2195:2201 whereas 2195:2201 whereas 2195:2201 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 0 84 theme cows 133:136 arg1 production 71:80 methane production 63:80 methane production 63:80 Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. 25864058 0 84 theme cows 133:136 arg1 composition 102:112 milk fatty acid composition 86:112 milk fatty acid composition 86:112 Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. 25864058 6 85 theme experimental 1288:1299 arg1 period 1301:1306 each experimental period 1283:1306 each experimental period 1283:1306 Milk yields, DM intake, milk composition, and methane production were measured at the end of each experimental period when cows were housed in respiration chambers. 25864058 13 86 theme trans 2578:2582 arg1 concentration 2587:2599 trans FA concentration 2578:2599 trans FA concentration 2578:2599 However, both MS and extruded linseed increased trans FA concentration in milk fat. 25864058 2 87 theme methane 469:475 arg1 production 477:486 methane production 469:486 methane production 469:486 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 4 88 theme high 1037:1040 arg1 MS 1042:1043 high MS 1037:1043 high MS 1037:1043 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 11 89 theme FA 2301:2302 arg1 g 2296:2296 2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g 2278:2296 2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA 2278:2302 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 9 90 theme total 1880:1884 arg1 FA 1892:1893 total trans FA 1880:1893 total trans FA 1880:1893 Concentrations of total trans FA were higher with MS compared with GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and when extruded linseed was fed (6.8 vs. 5. 25864058 7 91 theme milk 1586:1589 arg1 yield 1591:1595 milk yield 1586:1595 milk yield 1586:1595 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 2 92 dep forage 531:536 arg1 altered 612:618 altered 612:618 altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement 612:666 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 2 93 theme lactating 491:499 arg1 cows 507:510 lactating dairy cows 491:510 lactating dairy cows 491:510 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 5 94 theme ether 1115:1119 arg1 extract 1121:1127 275 g/kg ether extract 1106:1127 275 g/kg ether extract 1106:1127 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 5 94 theme ether 1115:1119 arg1 basis 1133:1137 DM basis 1130:1137 DM basis 1130:1137 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25864058 9 95 theme FA 1892:1893 arg1 Concentrations 1862:1875 Concentrations 1862:1875 Concentrations of total trans FA 1862:1893 Concentrations of total trans FA were higher with MS compared with GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and when extruded linseed was fed (6.8 vs. 5. 25864058 7 96 theme lactose 1503:1509 arg1 concentration 1511:1523 lactose concentration 1503:1523 lactose concentration 1503:1523 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 2 97 theme dairy 501:505 arg1 cows 507:510 lactating dairy cows 491:510 lactating dairy cows 491:510 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 12 98 dep type 2524:2527 arg1 forage 2517:2522 forage 2517:2522 forage 2517:2522 Feeding extruded linseed and MS both provided potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk, and no significant interactions were found between extruded linseed supplementation and forage type. 25864058 4 99 theme 75:25 1018:1022 arg1 proportions 985:995 proportions 985:995 proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 985:1031 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 4 99 theme 75:25 1018:1022 arg1 basis 1001:1005 DM basis 998:1005 DM basis 998:1005 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 0 100 theme methane 63:69 arg1 production 71:80 methane production 63:80 methane production 63:80 Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. 25864058 2 101 theme acid 443:446 arg1 composition 453:463 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 432:463 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 432:463 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 4 102 theme 25:75 1027:1031 arg1 proportions 985:995 proportions 985:995 proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 985:1031 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 4 102 theme 25:75 1027:1031 arg1 basis 1001:1005 DM basis 998:1005 DM basis 998:1005 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 3 103 theme total 729:733 arg1 rations 741:747 total mixed rations 729:747 total mixed rations 729:747 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 6 104 theme Milk 1190:1193 arg1 yields 1195:1200 Milk yields 1190:1200 Milk yields 1190:1200 Milk yields, DM intake, milk composition, and methane production were measured at the end of each experimental period when cows were housed in respiration chambers. 25864058 1 105 theme dietary 149:155 arg1 GS 171:172 GS 171:172 GS 171:172 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 1 105 theme dietary 149:155 arg1 silage 163:168 dietary grass silage 149:168 dietary grass silage (GS) 149:173 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 11 106 dep linseed 2144:2150 arg1 g 2171:2171 1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g 2153:2171 1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA 2153:2177 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 2 107 theme milk 432:435 arg1 composition 453:463 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 432:463 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 432:463 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 2 108 theme detergent 584:592 arg1 fiber 594:598 similar neutral detergent fiber 568:598 similar neutral detergent fiber 568:598 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 3 109 theme high 768:771 arg1 proportions 773:783 either high proportions 761:783 either high proportions of MS or GS 761:795 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 0 110 theme fatty 91:95 arg1 composition 102:112 milk fatty acid composition 86:112 milk fatty acid composition 86:112 Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. 25864058 7 111 theme milk 1481:1484 arg1 fat 1486:1488 milk fat 1481:1488 milk fat 1481:1488 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 7 112 theme DM 1573:1574 arg1 intake 1576:1581 DM intake 1573:1581 DM intake 1573:1581 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 3 113 from diets 720:724 arg1 experiment 877:886 a 4×4 Latin square design experiment 851:886 a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods 851:904 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 2 114 theme similar 568:574 arg1 fiber 594:598 similar neutral detergent fiber 568:598 similar neutral detergent fiber 568:598 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 3 115 theme extruded 819:826 arg1 supplement 836:845 extruded linseed supplement 819:845 extruded linseed supplement 819:845 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 8 116 theme FA 1706:1707 arg1 g 1701:1701 65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g 1681:1701 65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA 1681:1707 Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. 25864058 3 117 theme linseed 828:834 arg1 supplement 836:845 extruded linseed supplement 819:845 extruded linseed supplement 819:845 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 2 118 theme FA 449:450 arg1 composition 453:463 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 432:463 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 432:463 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 11 119 theme extruded 2093:2100 arg1 linseed 2102:2108 extruded linseed 2093:2108 extruded linseed 2093:2108 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 4 120 theme GS 1053:1054 arg1 diets 1056:1060 high GS diets 1048:1060 high GS diets 1048:1060 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 6 121 theme methane 1236:1242 arg1 production 1244:1253 methane production 1236:1253 methane production 1236:1253 Milk yields, DM intake, milk composition, and methane production were measured at the end of each experimental period when cows were housed in respiration chambers. 25864058 14 122 theme lipid 2734:2738 arg1 lipid 2734:2738 supplemental lipid 2721:2738 supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed 2721:2767 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 14 122 theme lipid 2734:2738 arg1 small 2785:2789 small 2785:2789 small 2785:2789 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 14 122 theme lipid 2734:2738 arg1 amounts 2710:2716 the amounts 2706:2716 the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed 2706:2767 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 1 123 theme methane 311:317 arg1 production 319:328 methane production 311:328 methane production by dairy cows 311:342 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 8 124 theme GS-based 1665:1672 arg1 diets 1674:1678 GS-based diets 1665:1678 GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) 1665:1722 Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. 25864058 11 125 theme total 2203:2207 arg1 FA 2229:2230 total n-6 polyunsaturated FA 2203:2230 total n-6 polyunsaturated FA 2203:2230 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 7 126 theme significant 1447:1457 arg1 effect 1459:1464 no significant effect 1444:1464 no significant effect 1444:1464 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 4 127 theme forage/kg 932:940 arg1 g 927:927 500 g 923:927 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets 923:1060 Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. 25864058 6 128 theme milk 1214:1217 arg1 composition 1219:1229 milk composition 1214:1229 milk composition 1214:1229 Milk yields, DM intake, milk composition, and methane production were measured at the end of each experimental period when cows were housed in respiration chambers. 25864058 1 129 theme specific 259:266 arg1 SFA 291:293 SFA 291:293 SFA 291:293 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 1 129 theme specific 259:266 arg1 acids 284:288 specific saturated fatty acids 259:288 specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) 259:294 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 2 130 theme present 349:355 arg1 study 357:361 The present study 345:361 The present study 345:361 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 8 131 theme extruded 1767:1774 arg1 linseed 1776:1782 no extruded linseed 1764:1782 no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively) 1764:1826 Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. 25864058 1 132 theme fatty 278:282 arg1 SFA 291:293 SFA 291:293 SFA 291:293 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 1 132 theme fatty 278:282 arg1 acids 284:288 specific saturated fatty acids 259:288 specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) 259:294 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 3 133 theme design 870:875 arg1 experiment 877:886 a 4×4 Latin square design experiment 851:886 a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods 851:904 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 2 134 theme extruded 401:408 arg1 supplement 418:427 an extruded linseed supplement 398:427 an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production 398:486 The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. 25864058 11 135 theme polyunsaturated 2213:2227 arg1 FA 2229:2230 total n-6 polyunsaturated FA 2203:2230 total n-6 polyunsaturated FA 2203:2230 Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). 25864058 12 136 theme significant 2436:2446 arg1 interactions 2448:2459 no significant interactions 2433:2459 no significant interactions 2433:2459 Feeding extruded linseed and MS both provided potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk, and no significant interactions were found between extruded linseed supplementation and forage type. 25864058 9 137 dep diets 1938:1942 arg1 g 1963:1963 7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g 1945:1963 7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA 1945:1969 Concentrations of total trans FA were higher with MS compared with GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and when extruded linseed was fed (6.8 vs. 5. 25864058 3 138 theme Latin 857:861 arg1 design 870:875 a 4×4 Latin square design 851:875 a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods 851:904 Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. 25864058 9 139 dep fed 2016:2018 arg1 6.8 2021:2023 6.8 2021:2023 6.8 2021:2023 Concentrations of total trans FA were higher with MS compared with GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and when extruded linseed was fed (6.8 vs. 5. 25864058 9 139 dep fed 2016:2018 arg1 5 2029:2029 5 2029:2029 5 2029:2029 Concentrations of total trans FA were higher with MS compared with GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and when extruded linseed was fed (6.8 vs. 5. 25864058 12 140 theme milk 2423:2426 arg1 concentration 2406:2418 SFA concentration 2402:2418 SFA concentration of milk 2402:2426 Feeding extruded linseed and MS both provided potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk, and no significant interactions were found between extruded linseed supplementation and forage type. 25864058 14 141 contain had 2646:2648 arg1 linseed 2638:2644 extruded linseed 2629:2644 extruded linseed 2629:2644 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 14 141 contain had 2646:2648 arg1 MS 2622:2623 MS 2622:2623 MS 2622:2623 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 14 141 contain had 2646:2648 arg2 effects 2662:2668 significant effects 2650:2668 significant effects 2650:2668 Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small. 25864058 7 142 theme intake 1576:1581 arg1 kilogram 1561:1568 kilogram 1561:1568 kilogram of DM intake 1561:1581 Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. 25864058 1 143 theme dietary 202:208 arg1 supplements 214:224 dietary fat supplements 202:224 dietary fat supplements 202:224 Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. 25864058 9 144 theme extruded 1995:2002 arg1 linseed 2004:2010 extruded linseed 1995:2010 extruded linseed 1995:2010 Concentrations of total trans FA were higher with MS compared with GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and when extruded linseed was fed (6.8 vs. 5. 25864058 5 145 theme linseed 1086:1092 arg1 supplement 1094:1103 Extruded linseed supplement 1077:1103 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) 1077:1138 Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. 25344436 1 0 theme new 161:163 arg1 lipase 199:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase 159:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase 159:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase was isolated from newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri from oil-contaminated soil. 25344436 1 1 theme thermostable 165:176 arg1 lipase 199:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase 159:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase 159:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase was isolated from newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri from oil-contaminated soil. 25344436 8 2 theme % 1375:1375 arg1 agitation 1328:1336 agitation 1328:1336 agitation of 120 rpm 1328:1347 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 2 theme % 1375:1375 arg1 temperature 1288:1298 an incubation temperature 1274:1298 an incubation temperature of 55 °C 1274:1307 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 2 theme % 1375:1375 arg1 pH 1317:1318 medium pH 1310:1318 medium pH of 8.0 1310:1325 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 2 theme % 1375:1375 arg1 volume 1363:1368 inoculum volume 1354:1368 inoculum volume of 2 % 1354:1375 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 6 3 theme olive 993:997 arg1 oil 999:1001 olive oil 993:1001 olive oil (1.45 %) 993:1010 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 6 3 theme olive 993:997 arg1 % 1009:1009 1.45 % 1004:1009 1.45 % 1004:1009 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 0 4 theme media 100:104 arg1 optimization 84:95 optimization 84:95 optimization of media and production 84:119 A new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri; optimization of media and production conditions using statistical methods. 25344436 1 5 dep isolated 230:237 arg1 Staphylococcus 239:252 Staphylococcus 239:252 Staphylococcus 239:252 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase was isolated from newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri from oil-contaminated soil. 25344436 6 6 theme maximum 1092:1098 arg1 production 1107:1116 a maximum lipase production 1090:1116 a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min 1090:1135 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 9 7 theme optimized 1448:1456 arg1 conditions 1469:1478 these optimized production conditions 1442:1478 these optimized production conditions 1442:1478 RSM revealed the maximum lipase production of 17.21 IU/ml using these optimized production conditions. 25344436 8 8 contain have 1269:1272 arg2 volume 1363:1368 inoculum volume 1354:1368 inoculum volume of 2 % 1354:1375 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 8 contain have 1269:1272 arg2 agitation 1328:1336 agitation 1328:1336 agitation of 120 rpm 1328:1347 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 8 contain have 1269:1272 arg2 temperature 1288:1298 an incubation temperature 1274:1298 an incubation temperature of 55 °C 1274:1307 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 8 contain have 1269:1272 arg2 pH 1317:1318 medium pH 1310:1318 medium pH of 8.0 1310:1325 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 8 contain have 1269:1272 arg1 conditions 1244:1253 Optimized conditions 1234:1253 Optimized conditions 1234:1253 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 2 9 theme media 323:327 arg1 Optimization 290:301 Optimization 290:301 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase 290:394 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 0 10 theme production 110:119 arg1 optimization 84:95 optimization 84:95 optimization of media and production 84:119 A new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri; optimization of media and production conditions using statistical methods. 25344436 5 11 theme optimum 894:900 arg1 levels 902:907 the optimum levels 890:907 the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software 890:967 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 2 12 theme fermentation 310:321 arg1 media 323:327 the fermentation media 306:327 the fermentation media 306:327 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 10 13 theme organic 1522:1528 arg1 solvents 1530:1537 organic solvents 1522:1537 organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane 1522:1584 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 10 13 theme organic 1522:1528 arg1 hexane 1562:1567 hexane 1562:1567 hexane 1562:1567 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 10 13 theme organic 1522:1528 arg1 cyclohexane 1574:1584 cyclohexane 1574:1584 cyclohexane 1574:1584 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 10 13 theme organic 1522:1528 arg1 ether 1555:1559 diethyl ether 1547:1559 diethyl ether 1547:1559 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 2 14 theme composite 490:498 arg1 design 500:505 central composite design 482:505 central composite design (CCD) 482:511 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 2 14 theme composite 490:498 arg1 CCD 508:510 CCD 508:510 CCD 508:510 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 10 15 theme diethyl 1547:1553 arg1 ether 1555:1559 diethyl ether 1547:1559 diethyl ether 1547:1559 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 8 16 theme °C 1306:1307 arg1 agitation 1328:1336 agitation 1328:1336 agitation of 120 rpm 1328:1347 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 16 theme °C 1306:1307 arg1 temperature 1288:1298 an incubation temperature 1274:1298 an incubation temperature of 55 °C 1274:1307 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 16 theme °C 1306:1307 arg1 pH 1317:1318 medium pH 1310:1318 medium pH of 8.0 1310:1325 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 16 theme °C 1306:1307 arg1 volume 1363:1368 inoculum volume 1354:1368 inoculum volume of 2 % 1354:1375 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 1 17 theme solvent-tolerant 182:197 arg1 lipase 199:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase 159:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase 159:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase was isolated from newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri from oil-contaminated soil. 25344436 0 18 theme new 2:4 arg1 thermostable 6:17 A new thermostable 0:17 A new thermostable 0:17 A new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri; optimization of media and production conditions using statistical methods. 25344436 5 19 theme selected 916:923 arg1 components 925:934 the selected components 912:934 the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software 912:967 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 9 20 theme production 1458:1467 arg1 conditions 1469:1478 these optimized production conditions 1442:1478 these optimized production conditions 1442:1478 RSM revealed the maximum lipase production of 17.21 IU/ml using these optimized production conditions. 25344436 6 21 theme Production 970:979 arg1 medium 981:986 Production medium 970:986 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) 970:1069 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 2 22 theme thermostable 347:358 arg1 lipase 389:394 thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase 347:394 thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase 347:394 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 2 23 theme statistical 422:432 arg1 methods 434:440 two statistical methods 418:440 two statistical methods 418:440 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 10 24 theme Crude 1481:1485 arg1 lipase 1487:1492 Crude lipase 1481:1492 Crude lipase 1481:1492 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 5 25 used used 872:875 arg2 CCD 824:826 CCD 824:826 CCD 824:826 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 5 25 used used 872:875 arg2 RSM 862:864 RSM 862:864 RSM 862:864 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 5 25 used used 872:875 arg2 methodology 849:859 response surface methodology 832:859 response surface methodology (RSM) 832:865 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 8 26 theme Optimized 1234:1242 arg1 conditions 1244:1253 Optimized conditions 1234:1253 Optimized conditions 1234:1253 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 6 27 with medium 981:986 arg1 oil 999:1001 olive oil 993:1001 olive oil (1.45 %) 993:1010 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 6 27 with medium 981:986 arg1 K2HPO4 1054:1059 K2HPO4 1054:1059 K2HPO4 (0.091 %) 1054:1069 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 6 27 with medium 981:986 arg1 peptone 1013:1019 peptone 1013:1019 peptone (0.28 %) 1013:1028 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 6 27 with medium 981:986 arg1 % 1046:1046 0.054 % 1040:1046 0.054 % 1040:1046 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 6 27 with medium 981:986 arg1 % 1009:1009 1.45 % 1004:1009 1.45 % 1004:1009 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 6 27 with medium 981:986 arg1 % 1068:1068 0.091 % 1062:1068 0.091 % 1062:1068 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 6 27 with medium 981:986 arg1 % 1027:1027 0.28 % 1022:1027 0.28 % 1022:1027 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 6 27 with medium 981:986 arg1 maltose 1031:1037 maltose 1031:1037 maltose (0.054 %) 1031:1047 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 3 28 used used 577:580 arg2 PBD 569:571 PBD 569:571 PBD 569:571 PBD was used to efficiently select important medium components affecting the lipase production. 25344436 5 29 theme components 925:934 arg1 levels 902:907 the optimum levels 890:907 the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software 890:967 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 5 30 theme Design-Expert 942:954 arg1 software 960:967 Design-Expert 8.0 software 942:967 Design-Expert 8.0 software 942:967 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 9 31 theme maximum 1395:1401 arg1 production 1410:1419 the maximum lipase production 1391:1419 the maximum lipase production of 17.21 IU/ml 1391:1434 RSM revealed the maximum lipase production of 17.21 IU/ml using these optimized production conditions. 25344436 5 32 theme response 832:839 arg1 RSM 862:864 RSM 862:864 RSM 862:864 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 5 32 theme response 832:839 arg1 methodology 849:859 response surface methodology 832:859 response surface methodology (RSM) 832:865 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 0 33 theme solvent-tolerant 31:46 arg1 lipase 48:53 organic solvent-tolerant lipase 23:53 organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri 23:81 A new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri; optimization of media and production conditions using statistical methods. 25344436 9 34 theme IU/ml 1430:1434 arg1 production 1410:1419 the maximum lipase production 1391:1419 the maximum lipase production of 17.21 IU/ml 1391:1434 RSM revealed the maximum lipase production of 17.21 IU/ml using these optimized production conditions. 25344436 2 35 theme components 557:566 arg1 optimization 531:542 the optimization 527:542 the optimization of the media components 527:566 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 5 36 theme surface 841:847 arg1 RSM 862:864 RSM 862:864 RSM 862:864 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 5 36 theme surface 841:847 arg1 methodology 849:859 response surface methodology 832:859 response surface methodology (RSM) 832:865 CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimum levels of the selected components using Design-Expert 8.0 software. 25344436 3 37 theme medium 614:619 arg1 components 621:630 important medium components 604:630 important medium components affecting the lipase production 604:662 PBD was used to efficiently select important medium components affecting the lipase production. 25344436 2 38 theme Plackett-Burman 449:463 arg1 PBD 473:475 PBD 473:475 PBD 473:475 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 2 38 theme Plackett-Burman 449:463 arg1 design 465:470 Plackett-Burman design 449:470 Plackett-Burman design (PBD) 449:476 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 0 39 theme organic 23:29 arg1 lipase 48:53 organic solvent-tolerant lipase 23:53 organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri 23:81 A new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri; optimization of media and production conditions using statistical methods. 25344436 0 40 theme statistical 138:148 arg1 methods 150:156 statistical methods 138:156 statistical methods 138:156 A new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri; optimization of media and production conditions using statistical methods. 25344436 0 41 from warneri 75:81 arg1 thermostable 6:17 A new thermostable 0:17 A new thermostable 0:17 A new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri; optimization of media and production conditions using statistical methods. 25344436 0 41 from warneri 75:81 arg1 lipase 48:53 organic solvent-tolerant lipase 23:53 organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri 23:81 A new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri; optimization of media and production conditions using statistical methods. 25344436 4 42 theme lipase 805:810 arg1 production 812:821 lipase production 805:821 lipase production 805:821 Out of 15 medium components screened, four components, i.e., olive oil, peptone, maltose, and K2HPO4 were found to contribute positively to lipase production. 25344436 1 43 theme isolated 230:237 arg1 warneri 254:260 newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri 224:260 newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri 224:260 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase was isolated from newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri from oil-contaminated soil. 25344436 8 44 theme incubation 1277:1286 arg1 temperature 1288:1298 an incubation temperature 1274:1298 an incubation temperature of 55 °C 1274:1307 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 45 theme medium 1310:1315 arg1 pH 1317:1318 medium pH 1310:1318 medium pH of 8.0 1310:1325 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 10 46 from activity 1510:1517 arg1 solvents 1530:1537 organic solvents 1522:1537 organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane 1522:1584 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 10 46 from activity 1510:1517 arg1 hexane 1562:1567 hexane 1562:1567 hexane 1562:1567 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 10 46 from activity 1510:1517 arg1 cyclohexane 1574:1584 cyclohexane 1574:1584 cyclohexane 1574:1584 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 10 46 from activity 1510:1517 arg1 ether 1555:1559 diethyl ether 1547:1559 diethyl ether 1547:1559 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 4 47 theme olive 726:730 arg1 oil 732:734 olive oil 726:734 olive oil 726:734 Out of 15 medium components screened, four components, i.e., olive oil, peptone, maltose, and K2HPO4 were found to contribute positively to lipase production. 25344436 4 47 theme olive 726:730 arg1 components 708:717 four components 703:717 four components 703:717 Out of 15 medium components screened, four components, i.e., olive oil, peptone, maltose, and K2HPO4 were found to contribute positively to lipase production. 25344436 2 48 theme media 551:555 arg1 components 557:566 the media components 547:566 the media components 547:566 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 9 49 theme lipase 1403:1408 arg1 production 1410:1419 the maximum lipase production 1391:1419 the maximum lipase production of 17.21 IU/ml 1391:1434 RSM revealed the maximum lipase production of 17.21 IU/ml using these optimized production conditions. 25344436 3 50 theme important 604:612 arg1 components 621:630 important medium components 604:630 important medium components affecting the lipase production 604:662 PBD was used to efficiently select important medium components affecting the lipase production. 25344436 2 51 theme lipase 389:394 arg1 production 333:342 production 333:342 production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase 333:394 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 6 52 theme IU/ml/min 1127:1135 arg1 production 1107:1116 a maximum lipase production 1090:1116 a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min 1090:1135 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 8 53 theme 8.0 1323:1325 arg1 agitation 1328:1336 agitation 1328:1336 agitation of 120 rpm 1328:1347 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 53 theme 8.0 1323:1325 arg1 temperature 1288:1298 an incubation temperature 1274:1298 an incubation temperature of 55 °C 1274:1307 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 53 theme 8.0 1323:1325 arg1 pH 1317:1318 medium pH 1310:1318 medium pH of 8.0 1310:1325 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 53 theme 8.0 1323:1325 arg1 volume 1363:1368 inoculum volume 1354:1368 inoculum volume of 2 % 1354:1375 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 1 54 attach isolated 210:217 arg1 warneri 254:260 newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri 224:260 newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri 224:260 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase was isolated from newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri from oil-contaminated soil. 25344436 1 54 attach isolated 210:217 arg1 soil 284:287 oil-contaminated soil 267:287 oil-contaminated soil 267:287 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase was isolated from newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri from oil-contaminated soil. 25344436 1 54 attach isolated 210:217 arg2 lipase 199:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase 159:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase 159:204 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase was isolated from newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri from oil-contaminated soil. 25344436 3 55 theme lipase 646:651 arg1 production 653:662 the lipase production 642:662 the lipase production 642:662 PBD was used to efficiently select important medium components affecting the lipase production. 25344436 2 56 theme solvent-tolerant 372:387 arg1 lipase 389:394 thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase 347:394 thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase 347:394 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 2 57 used used 518:521 arg2 CCD 508:510 CCD 508:510 CCD 508:510 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 2 57 used used 518:521 arg2 PBD 473:475 PBD 473:475 PBD 473:475 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 2 57 used used 518:521 arg2 design 500:505 central composite design 482:505 central composite design (CCD) 482:511 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 2 57 used used 518:521 arg2 design 465:470 Plackett-Burman design 449:470 Plackett-Burman design (PBD) 449:476 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 0 58 dep thermostable 6:17 arg1 conditions 121:130 conditions 121:130 conditions using statistical methods 121:156 A new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus warneri; optimization of media and production conditions using statistical methods. 25344436 10 59 theme enhanced 1501:1508 arg1 activity 1510:1517 enhanced activity 1501:1517 enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane 1501:1584 Crude lipase showed enhanced activity in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, hexane, and cyclohexane. 25344436 2 60 theme organic 364:370 arg1 lipase 389:394 thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase 347:394 thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase 347:394 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 7 61 theme lipase 1179:1184 arg1 production 1186:1195 the lipase production 1175:1195 the lipase production 1175:1195 Similarly, production conditions for the lipase production were optimized by using CCD and RSM. 25344436 8 62 theme rpm 1345:1347 arg1 agitation 1328:1336 agitation 1328:1336 agitation of 120 rpm 1328:1347 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 62 theme rpm 1345:1347 arg1 temperature 1288:1298 an incubation temperature 1274:1298 an incubation temperature of 55 °C 1274:1307 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 62 theme rpm 1345:1347 arg1 pH 1317:1318 medium pH 1310:1318 medium pH of 8.0 1310:1325 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 62 theme rpm 1345:1347 arg1 volume 1363:1368 inoculum volume 1354:1368 inoculum volume of 2 % 1354:1375 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 8 63 theme inoculum 1354:1361 arg1 volume 1363:1368 inoculum volume 1354:1368 inoculum volume of 2 % 1354:1375 Optimized conditions were found to have an incubation temperature of 55 °C, medium pH of 8.0, agitation of 120 rpm, and inoculum volume of 2 %. 25344436 4 64 theme medium 675:680 arg1 components 682:691 15 medium components 672:691 15 medium components screened 672:700 Out of 15 medium components screened, four components, i.e., olive oil, peptone, maltose, and K2HPO4 were found to contribute positively to lipase production. 25344436 6 65 theme lipase 1100:1105 arg1 production 1107:1116 a maximum lipase production 1090:1116 a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min 1090:1135 Production medium with olive oil (1.45 %), peptone (0.28 %), maltose (0.054 %), and K2HPO4 (0.091 %) was optimized with a maximum lipase production of 10.43 IU/ml/min. 25344436 2 66 theme central 482:488 arg1 design 500:505 central composite design 482:505 central composite design (CCD) 482:511 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 2 66 theme central 482:488 arg1 CCD 508:510 CCD 508:510 CCD 508:510 Optimization of the fermentation media for production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase was carried out using two statistical methods, i.e., Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for the optimization of the media components. 25344436 7 67 theme production 1149:1158 arg1 conditions 1160:1169 production conditions 1149:1169 production conditions for the lipase production 1149:1195 Similarly, production conditions for the lipase production were optimized by using CCD and RSM. 25344436 1 68 theme oil-contaminated 267:282 arg1 soil 284:287 oil-contaminated soil 267:287 oil-contaminated soil 267:287 A new thermostable and solvent-tolerant lipase was isolated from newly isolated Staphylococcus warneri from oil-contaminated soil. 27994582 5 0 theme pro-inflammatory 1181:1196 arg1 cytokines 1198:1206 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1181:1206 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1181:1206 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 10 1 theme infection 1953:1961 arg1 model 1963:1967 the Galleria mellonella infection model 1929:1967 the Galleria mellonella infection model 1929:1967 Accordingly, the null mutant showed inability to kill larvae in the Galleria mellonella infection model. 27994582 2 2 theme Golgi-resident 263:276 arg1 Pmr1 248:251 Pmr1 248:251 Pmr1 248:251 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 2 2 theme Golgi-resident 263:276 arg1 pump 282:285 a Golgi-resident ion pump 261:285 a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases 261:333 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 7 3 theme chemical 1414:1421 arg1 remotion 1423:1430 chemical remotion 1414:1430 chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans 1414:1460 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 7 4 link O-linked 1445:1452 arg1 mannans 1454:1460 cell wall O-linked mannans 1435:1460 cell wall O-linked mannans 1435:1460 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 10 5 theme Galleria 1933:1940 arg1 model 1963:1967 the Galleria mellonella infection model 1929:1967 the Galleria mellonella infection model 1929:1967 Accordingly, the null mutant showed inability to kill larvae in the Galleria mellonella infection model. 27994582 6 6 theme guilliermondii 1246:1259 arg1 sensing 1261:1267 C. guilliermondii sensing 1243:1267 C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes 1243:1280 Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. 27994582 7 7 theme O-linked 1445:1452 arg1 mannans 1454:1460 cell wall O-linked mannans 1435:1460 cell wall O-linked mannans 1435:1460 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 4 8 theme guilliermondii 670:683 arg1 PMR1 685:688 C. guilliermondii PMR1 667:688 C. guilliermondii PMR1 667:688 We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. 27994582 3 9 theme homolog 564:570 arg1 role 547:550 the role 543:550 the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii 543:651 To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. 27994582 1 10 theme immune 181:186 arg1 system 188:193 the host immune system 172:193 the host immune system 172:193 The fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. 27994582 11 11 theme atypical 2077:2084 arg1 role 2086:2089 an atypical role 2074:2089 an atypical role for O-linked mannans 2074:2110 This study thus demonstrates that mannans are relevant for the C. guilliermondii-host interaction, with an atypical role for O-linked mannans. 27994582 6 12 theme mannans 1338:1344 arg1 recognition 1314:1324 the recognition 1310:1324 the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan 1310:1360 Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. 27994582 11 13 theme guilliermondii-host 2036:2054 arg1 interaction 2056:2066 the C. guilliermondii-host interaction 2029:2066 the C. guilliermondii-host interaction 2029:2066 This study thus demonstrates that mannans are relevant for the C. guilliermondii-host interaction, with an atypical role for O-linked mannans. 27994582 5 14 theme human 1062:1066 arg1 monocytes 1068:1076 human monocytes 1062:1076 human monocytes 1062:1076 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 2 15 theme yeast 224:228 arg1 albicans 238:245 the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans 199:245 the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans 199:245 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 7 16 theme immune 1623:1628 arg1 cells 1630:1634 immune cells 1623:1634 immune cells 1623:1634 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 5 17 theme mutant 1022:1027 arg1 ability 1007:1013 only the ability 998:1013 only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes 998:1076 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 2 18 theme prominent 203:211 arg1 albicans 238:245 the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans 199:245 the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans 199:245 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 1 19 theme fungal 113:118 arg1 wall 125:128 The fungal cell wall 109:128 The fungal cell wall 109:128 The fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. 27994582 9 20 theme guilliermondii 1730:1743 arg1 cells 1763:1767 C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1727:1767 C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1727:1767 Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. 27994582 9 21 contain had 1769:1771 arg1 mice 1708:1711 mice 1708:1711 mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1708:1767 Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. 27994582 9 21 contain had 1769:1771 arg2 burdens 1800:1806 significantly lower fungal burdens 1773:1806 significantly lower fungal burdens 1773:1806 Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. 27994582 7 22 theme cell 1597:1600 arg1 components 1607:1616 other cell wall components 1591:1616 other cell wall components from immune cells 1591:1634 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 9 23 theme null 1751:1754 arg1 cells 1763:1767 C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1727:1767 C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1727:1767 Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. 27994582 6 24 theme Candida 1384:1390 arg1 species 1392:1398 other Candida species 1378:1398 other Candida species 1378:1398 Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. 27994582 11 25 theme O-linked 2095:2102 arg1 mannans 2104:2110 O-linked mannans 2095:2110 O-linked mannans 2095:2110 This study thus demonstrates that mannans are relevant for the C. guilliermondii-host interaction, with an atypical role for O-linked mannans. 27994582 0 26 theme Immune 78:83 arg1 Sensing 85:91 Immune Sensing 78:91 Immune Sensing 78:91 Disruption of Protein Mannosylation Affects Candida guilliermondii Cell Wall, Immune Sensing, and Virulence. 27994582 5 27 theme mannan 1115:1120 arg1 recognition 1095:1105 recognition 1095:1105 recognition 1095:1105 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 5 28 theme significant 891:901 arg1 increment 903:911 the significant increment 887:911 the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface 887:968 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 7 29 theme O-linked 1569:1576 arg1 mannans 1578:1584 O-linked mannans 1569:1584 O-linked mannans 1569:1584 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 4 30 theme biofilm 755:761 arg1 formation 763:771 biofilm formation 755:771 biofilm formation 755:771 We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. 27994582 3 31 from role 547:550 arg1 species 590:596 a low-virulent species 575:596 a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii 575:651 To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. 27994582 5 32 theme wall 957:960 arg1 surface 962:968 the wall surface 953:968 the wall surface 953:968 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 9 33 theme fungal 1793:1798 arg1 burdens 1800:1806 significantly lower fungal burdens 1773:1806 significantly lower fungal burdens 1773:1806 Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. 27994582 2 34 gly glycoproteins 384:396 arg1 glycoproteins 384:396 glycoproteins 384:396 glycoproteins 384:396 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 7 35 link O-linked 1569:1576 arg1 mannans 1578:1584 O-linked mannans 1569:1584 O-linked mannans 1569:1584 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 6 36 theme β1,3-glucan 1350:1360 arg1 recognition 1314:1324 the recognition 1310:1324 the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan 1310:1360 Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. 27994582 5 37 from increment 903:911 arg1 β1,3-glucan 930:940 β1,3-glucan 930:940 β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface 930:968 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 5 37 from increment 903:911 arg1 amount 920:925 the amount 916:925 the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface 916:968 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 5 38 theme β1,3-glucan 930:940 arg1 β1,3-glucan 930:940 β1,3-glucan 930:940 β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface 930:968 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 5 38 theme β1,3-glucan 930:940 arg1 amount 920:925 the amount 916:925 the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface 916:968 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 3 39 theme crucial 454:460 arg1 process 462:468 such a crucial process 447:468 such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts 447:496 To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. 27994582 0 40 theme Protein 14:20 arg1 Mannosylation 22:34 Protein Mannosylation 14:34 Protein Mannosylation 14:34 Disruption of Protein Mannosylation Affects Candida guilliermondii Cell Wall, Immune Sensing, and Virulence. 27994582 5 41 theme strong 1164:1169 arg1 levels 1171:1176 strong levels 1164:1176 strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines 1164:1206 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 7 42 theme human 1536:1540 arg1 monocytes 1542:1550 human monocytes 1536:1550 human monocytes 1536:1550 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 11 43 with relevant 2016:2023 arg1 role 2086:2089 an atypical role 2074:2089 an atypical role for O-linked mannans 2074:2110 This study thus demonstrates that mannans are relevant for the C. guilliermondii-host interaction, with an atypical role for O-linked mannans. 27994582 5 44 theme β1,3-glucan 1126:1136 arg1 recognition 1095:1105 recognition 1095:1105 recognition 1095:1105 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 7 45 theme guilliermondii 1518:1531 arg1 recognition 1500:1510 the recognition 1496:1510 the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes 1496:1550 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 0 46 dep guilliermondii 52:65 arg1 Wall 72:75 Cell Wall 67:75 Cell Wall 67:75 Disruption of Protein Mannosylation Affects Candida guilliermondii Cell Wall, Immune Sensing, and Virulence. 27994582 9 47 theme parental 1848:1855 arg1 strain 1857:1862 the parental strain 1844:1862 the parental strain 1844:1862 Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. 27994582 3 48 theme Candida 630:636 arg1 guilliermondii 638:651 Candida guilliermondii 630:651 Candida guilliermondii 630:651 To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. 27994582 3 48 theme Candida 630:636 arg1 candidiasis 617:627 candidiasis 617:627 candidiasis 617:627 To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. 27994582 4 49 theme mannan 821:826 arg1 levels 828:833 mannan levels 821:833 mannan levels 821:833 We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. 27994582 6 50 link N-linked 1329:1336 arg1 mannans 1338:1344 N-linked mannans 1329:1344 N-linked mannans 1329:1344 Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. 27994582 2 51 attach attached 372:379 arg2 mannans 364:370 mannans 364:370 mannans attached to glycoproteins 364:396 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 2 51 attach attached 372:379 arg1 glycoproteins 384:396 glycoproteins 384:396 glycoproteins 384:396 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 10 52 theme null 1882:1885 arg1 mutant 1887:1892 the null mutant 1878:1892 the null mutant 1878:1892 Accordingly, the null mutant showed inability to kill larvae in the Galleria mellonella infection model. 27994582 4 53 theme wall 797:800 arg1 agents 813:818 cell wall perturbing agents 792:818 cell wall perturbing agents 792:818 We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. 27994582 2 54 theme mannans 364:370 arg1 synthesis 351:359 the synthesis 347:359 the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins 347:396 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 4 55 theme wall 844:847 arg1 composition 849:859 the wall composition 840:859 the wall composition 840:859 We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. 27994582 2 56 theme ion 278:280 arg1 Pmr1 248:251 Pmr1 248:251 Pmr1 248:251 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 2 56 theme ion 278:280 arg1 pump 282:285 a Golgi-resident ion pump 261:285 a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases 261:333 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 5 57 theme cytokines 1198:1206 arg1 levels 1171:1176 strong levels 1164:1176 strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines 1164:1206 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 7 58 theme mannans 1454:1460 arg1 remotion 1423:1430 chemical remotion 1414:1430 chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans 1414:1460 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 7 59 theme cell 1435:1438 arg1 mannans 1454:1460 cell wall O-linked mannans 1435:1460 cell wall O-linked mannans 1435:1460 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 7 60 theme wall 1440:1443 arg1 mannans 1454:1460 cell wall O-linked mannans 1435:1460 cell wall O-linked mannans 1435:1460 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 1 61 contain contains 130:137 arg2 glycoproteins 139:151 glycoproteins 139:151 glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system 139:193 The fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. 27994582 1 61 contain contains 130:137 arg1 wall 125:128 The fungal cell wall 109:128 The fungal cell wall 109:128 The fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. 27994582 6 62 theme C. 1243:1244 arg1 sensing 1261:1267 C. guilliermondii sensing 1243:1267 C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes 1243:1280 Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. 27994582 3 63 theme PMR1 559:562 arg1 homolog 564:570 the PMR1 homolog 555:570 the PMR1 homolog 555:570 To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. 27994582 1 64 theme host 176:179 arg1 system 188:193 the host immune system 172:193 the host immune system 172:193 The fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. 27994582 4 65 theme C. 667:668 arg1 PMR1 685:688 C. guilliermondii PMR1 667:688 C. guilliermondii PMR1 667:688 We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. 27994582 11 66 theme C. 2033:2034 arg1 interaction 2056:2066 the C. guilliermondii-host interaction 2029:2066 the C. guilliermondii-host interaction 2029:2066 This study thus demonstrates that mannans are relevant for the C. guilliermondii-host interaction, with an atypical role for O-linked mannans. 27994582 7 67 located found 1466:1470 arg1 addition 1404:1411 addition 1404:1411 addition 1404:1411 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 7 67 located found 1466:1470 arg2 remotion 1423:1430 chemical remotion 1414:1430 chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans 1414:1460 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 6 68 theme N-linked 1329:1336 arg1 mannans 1338:1344 N-linked mannans 1329:1344 N-linked mannans 1329:1344 Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. 27994582 3 69 theme low-virulent 577:588 arg1 species 590:596 a low-virulent species 575:596 a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii 575:651 To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. 27994582 1 70 gly glycoproteins 139:151 arg1 glycoproteins 139:151 glycoproteins 139:151 glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system 139:193 The fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. 27994582 2 71 theme pathogenic 213:222 arg1 albicans 238:245 the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans 199:245 the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans 199:245 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 7 72 theme wall 1602:1605 arg1 components 1607:1616 other cell wall components 1591:1616 other cell wall components from immune cells 1591:1634 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 9 73 theme C. 1727:1728 arg1 cells 1763:1767 C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1727:1767 C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1727:1767 Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. 27994582 1 74 theme cell 120:123 arg1 wall 125:128 The fungal cell wall 109:128 The fungal cell wall 109:128 The fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. 27994582 7 75 theme other 1591:1595 arg1 components 1607:1616 other cell wall components 1591:1616 other cell wall components from immune cells 1591:1634 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 9 76 theme pmr1Δ 1745:1749 arg1 cells 1763:1767 C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1727:1767 C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1727:1767 Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. 27994582 4 77 theme Pmr1 713:716 arg1 loss 705:708 loss 705:708 loss of Pmr1 705:716 We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. 27994582 5 78 theme IL-10 1042:1046 arg1 production 1048:1057 IL-10 production 1042:1057 IL-10 production by human monocytes 1042:1076 Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 27994582 9 79 theme mutant 1756:1761 arg1 cells 1763:1767 C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1727:1767 C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells 1727:1767 Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. 27994582 6 80 theme other 1378:1382 arg1 species 1392:1398 other Candida species 1378:1398 other Candida species 1378:1398 Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. 27994582 9 81 theme lower 1787:1791 arg1 burdens 1800:1806 significantly lower fungal burdens 1773:1806 significantly lower fungal burdens 1773:1806 Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. 27994582 7 82 from cells 1630:1634 arg1 components 1607:1616 other cell wall components 1591:1616 other cell wall components from immune cells 1591:1634 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 10 83 dep Galleria 1933:1940 arg1 mellonella 1942:1951 mellonella 1942:1951 mellonella 1942:1951 Accordingly, the null mutant showed inability to kill larvae in the Galleria mellonella infection model. 27994582 4 84 theme cell 727:730 arg1 growth 732:737 cell growth 727:737 cell growth 727:737 We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. 27994582 3 85 theme putative 422:429 arg1 conservation 431:442 a putative conservation 420:442 a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts 420:496 To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. 27994582 0 86 theme Mannosylation 22:34 arg1 Disruption 0:9 Disruption 0:9 Disruption of Protein Mannosylation 0:34 Disruption of Protein Mannosylation Affects Candida guilliermondii Cell Wall, Immune Sensing, and Virulence. 27994582 2 87 theme Candida 230:236 arg1 albicans 238:245 the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans 199:245 the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans 199:245 In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. 27994582 3 88 theme process 462:468 arg1 conservation 431:442 a putative conservation 420:442 a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts 420:496 To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. 27994582 0 89 theme Candida 44:50 arg1 guilliermondii 52:65 Candida guilliermondii 44:65 Candida guilliermondii 44:65 Disruption of Protein Mannosylation Affects Candida guilliermondii Cell Wall, Immune Sensing, and Virulence. 27994582 4 90 theme perturbing 802:811 arg1 agents 813:818 cell wall perturbing agents 792:818 cell wall perturbing agents 792:818 We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. 27994582 0 91 theme Cell 67:70 arg1 Wall 72:75 Cell Wall 67:75 Cell Wall 67:75 Disruption of Protein Mannosylation Affects Candida guilliermondii Cell Wall, Immune Sensing, and Virulence. 27994582 11 92 link O-linked 2095:2102 arg1 mannans 2104:2110 O-linked mannans 2095:2110 O-linked mannans 2095:2110 This study thus demonstrates that mannans are relevant for the C. guilliermondii-host interaction, with an atypical role for O-linked mannans. 27994582 7 93 theme C. 1515:1516 arg1 guilliermondii 1518:1531 C. guilliermondii 1515:1531 C. guilliermondii 1515:1531 In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. 27994582 3 94 theme opportunistic 477:489 arg1 yeasts 491:496 opportunistic yeasts 477:496 opportunistic yeasts 477:496 To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. 27994582 4 95 theme cell 792:795 arg1 agents 813:818 cell wall perturbing agents 792:818 cell wall perturbing agents 792:818 We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. 27994582 8 96 theme C. 1686:1687 arg1 albicans 1689:1696 C. albicans 1686:1696 C. albicans 1686:1696 This observation contrasts with that reported in C. albicans. 24594257 11 0 theme supplemented 1632:1643 arg1 diets 1645:1649 All supplemented diets 1628:1649 All supplemented diets 1628:1649 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 5 1 theme acids 1008:1012 arg1 proportion 978:987 the proportion 974:987 the proportion of saturated fatty acids 974:1012 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 10 2 theme Supplemented 1518:1529 arg1 tannin 1531:1536 Supplemented tannin 1518:1536 Supplemented tannin 1518:1536 Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. 24594257 10 3 from concentration 1571:1583 arg1 profile 1611:1617 fatty acid profile 1600:1617 fatty acid profile in milk 1600:1625 Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. 24594257 2 4 theme dry 543:545 arg1 DM 555:556 DM 555:556 DM 555:556 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 4 theme dry 543:545 arg1 matter 547:552 6·0 kg dry matter 536:552 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 536:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 7 5 theme acid 1247:1250 arg1 profile 1252:1258 milk fatty acid profile 1236:1258 milk fatty acid profile 1236:1258 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 2 6 from addition 333:340 arg1 mearnsii 405:412 Acacia mearnsii 398:412 Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) 398:427 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 6 from addition 333:340 arg1 400 g/d 415:421 400 g/d 415:421 400 g/d; TAN 415:426 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 7 7 theme fat 1203:1205 arg1 concentration 1207:1219 milk fat concentration 1198:1219 milk fat concentration 1198:1219 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 10 8 theme significant 1545:1555 arg1 effect 1557:1562 no significant effect 1542:1562 no significant effect 1542:1562 Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. 24594257 1 9 theme diets 169:173 arg1 effects 158:164 the effects 154:164 the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk 154:305 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 24594257 2 10 theme tannin 488:493 arg1 combination 434:444 a combination 432:444 a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 432:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 10 theme tannin 488:493 arg1 tannin 386:391 condensed tannin 376:391 condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) 376:427 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 10 theme tannin 488:493 arg1 800 g/d 361:367 800 g/d 361:367 800 g/d 361:367 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 10 theme tannin 488:493 arg1 oil 356:358 cottonseed oil 345:358 cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO) 345:373 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 0 11 theme milk 105:108 arg1 composition 83:93 protein and fatty acid composition 60:93 composition 83:93 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 3 12 from lactose 747:753 arg1 milk 758:761 milk 758:761 milk 758:761 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 11 13 theme casein 1731:1736 arg1 ratio 1755:1759 casein to total protein ratio 1731:1759 casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk 1731:1781 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 11 14 dep ratio 1755:1759 arg1 to 1738:1739 to 1738:1739 to 1738:1739 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 3 15 from milk 758:761 arg1 yield 738:742 yield 738:742 yield 738:742 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 3 15 from milk 758:761 arg1 intake 727:732 feed intake 722:732 feed intake 722:732 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 2 16 theme libitum 594:600 arg1 DM 555:556 DM 555:556 DM 555:556 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 16 theme libitum 594:600 arg1 matter 547:552 6·0 kg dry matter 536:552 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 536:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 11 17 theme protein 1747:1753 arg1 ratio 1755:1759 casein to total protein ratio 1731:1759 casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk 1731:1781 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 3 18 from intake 727:732 arg1 milk 758:761 milk 758:761 milk 758:761 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 2 19 theme hay 587:589 arg1 libitum 594:600 alfalfa hay ad libitum 579:600 alfalfa hay ad libitum 579:600 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 19 theme hay 587:589 arg1 diet 636:639 the control diet 624:639 the control diet (CON) 624:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 19 theme hay 587:589 arg1 concentrates 562:573 concentrates 562:573 concentrates 562:573 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 3 20 theme CON 664:666 arg1 diet 668:671 the CON diet 660:671 the CON diet 660:671 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 10 21 theme fatty 1600:1604 arg1 profile 1611:1617 fatty acid profile 1600:1617 fatty acid profile in milk 1600:1625 Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. 24594257 3 22 theme CPT 690:692 arg1 diets 694:698 feeding CSO and CPT diets 674:698 feeding CSO and CPT diets 674:698 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 4 23 theme milk 796:799 arg1 yields 786:791 yields 786:791 yields of milk and protein 786:811 These diets increased yields of milk and protein in milk. 24594257 3 24 from yield 738:742 arg1 milk 758:761 milk 758:761 milk 758:761 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 11 25 theme total 1741:1745 arg1 ratio 1755:1759 casein to total protein ratio 1731:1759 casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk 1731:1781 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 4 26 theme protein 805:811 arg1 yields 786:791 yields 786:791 yields of milk and protein 786:811 These diets increased yields of milk and protein in milk. 24594257 8 27 contain had 1348:1350 arg1 diet 1343:1346 The TAN diet 1335:1346 The TAN diet 1335:1346 The TAN diet had no effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk protein concentration. 24594257 8 27 contain had 1348:1350 arg2 effect 1355:1360 no effect 1352:1360 no effect 1352:1360 The TAN diet had no effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk protein concentration. 24594257 5 28 theme fatty 1080:1084 arg1 acids 1086:1090 monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids 1044:1090 acids 1086:1090 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 3 29 theme CSO 682:684 arg1 diets 694:698 feeding CSO and CPT diets 674:698 feeding CSO and CPT diets 674:698 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 5 30 theme milk 932:935 arg1 composition 948:958 altered milk fatty acid composition 924:958 altered milk fatty acid composition 924:958 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 2 31 dep 400 g/d 415:421 arg1 TAN 424:426 TAN 424:426 400 g/d; TAN 415:426 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 3 32 theme minor 706:710 arg1 impact 712:717 a minor impact 704:717 a minor impact 704:717 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 10 33 contain had 1538:1540 arg2 effect 1557:1562 no significant effect 1542:1562 no significant effect 1542:1562 Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. 24594257 10 33 contain had 1538:1540 arg1 tannin 1531:1536 Supplemented tannin 1518:1536 Supplemented tannin 1518:1536 Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. 24594257 2 34 from mearnsii 405:412 arg1 combination 434:444 a combination 432:444 a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 432:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 34 from mearnsii 405:412 arg1 tannin 386:391 condensed tannin 376:391 condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) 376:427 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 34 from mearnsii 405:412 arg1 800 g/d 361:367 800 g/d 361:367 800 g/d 361:367 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 34 from mearnsii 405:412 arg1 addition 333:340 addition 333:340 addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 333:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 34 from mearnsii 405:412 arg1 oil 356:358 cottonseed oil 345:358 cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO) 345:373 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 6 35 theme acid 1162:1165 arg1 profile 1167:1173 fatty acid profile 1156:1173 fatty acid profile 1156:1173 The CPT diet had a similar effect to the CSO diet in modifying fatty acid profile. 24594257 11 36 theme milk 1778:1781 arg1 composition 1691:1701 composition 1691:1701 composition 1691:1701 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 11 36 theme milk 1778:1781 arg1 concentration 1713:1725 nitrogen concentration 1704:1725 nitrogen concentration 1704:1725 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 11 36 theme milk 1778:1781 arg1 concentration 1674:1686 protein concentration 1666:1686 protein concentration 1666:1686 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 11 36 theme milk 1778:1781 arg1 ratio 1755:1759 casein to total protein ratio 1731:1759 casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk 1731:1781 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 2 37 theme oil 460:462 arg1 combination 434:444 a combination 432:444 a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 432:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 37 theme oil 460:462 arg1 tannin 386:391 condensed tannin 376:391 condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) 376:427 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 37 theme oil 460:462 arg1 800 g/d 361:367 800 g/d 361:367 800 g/d 361:367 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 37 theme oil 460:462 arg1 oil 356:358 cottonseed oil 345:358 cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO) 345:373 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 11 38 theme nitrogen 1704:1711 arg1 concentration 1713:1725 nitrogen concentration 1704:1725 nitrogen concentration 1704:1725 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 11 39 theme protein 1666:1672 arg1 concentration 1674:1686 protein concentration 1666:1686 protein concentration 1666:1686 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 5 40 theme fat 902:904 arg1 concentration 906:918 milk fat concentration 897:918 milk fat concentration 897:918 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 2 41 theme tannin 386:391 arg1 addition 333:340 addition 333:340 addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 333:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 0 42 theme dietary 11:17 arg1 oil 30:32 dietary cottonseed oil 11:32 dietary cottonseed oil 11:32 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 1 43 theme both 272:275 arg1 combination 257:267 a combination 255:267 a combination of both 255:275 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 24594257 1 43 theme both 272:275 arg1 extract 242:248 Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract 209:248 Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract 209:248 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 24594257 1 43 theme both 272:275 arg1 oil 204:206 cottonseed oil 193:206 cottonseed oil 193:206 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 24594257 3 44 theme lactose 747:753 arg1 yield 738:742 yield 738:742 yield 738:742 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 3 44 theme lactose 747:753 arg1 intake 727:732 feed intake 722:732 feed intake 722:732 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 9 45 theme protein 1459:1465 arg1 yields 1449:1454 the yields 1445:1454 the yields of protein and lactose 1445:1477 However, a reduction in the yields of protein and lactose occurred when cows were fed this diet. 24594257 0 46 theme oil 30:32 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 0:109 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 5 47 theme acid 943:946 arg1 composition 948:958 altered milk fatty acid composition 924:958 altered milk fatty acid composition 924:958 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 7 48 theme oil 1330:1332 arg1 supplementation 1281:1295 supplementation 1281:1295 supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil 1281:1332 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 7 49 theme fatty 1241:1245 arg1 profile 1252:1258 milk fatty acid profile 1236:1258 milk fatty acid profile 1236:1258 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 0 50 theme tannin 38:43 arg1 supplements 45:55 tannin supplements 38:55 tannin supplements 38:55 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 1 51 theme bovine 295:300 arg1 milk 302:305 bovine milk 295:305 bovine milk 295:305 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 24594257 7 52 theme acid-rich 1309:1317 arg1 oil 1330:1332 linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil 1300:1332 linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil 1300:1332 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 5 53 theme TAN 841:843 arg1 diet 845:848 the TAN diet 837:848 the TAN diet 837:848 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 2 54 dep 800 g/d 361:367 arg1 CSO 370:372 CSO 370:372 CSO 370:372 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 55 theme Treatment 308:316 arg1 diets 318:322 Treatment diets 308:322 Treatment diets 308:322 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 56 with oil 356:358 arg1 diet 517:520 a diet 515:520 a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 515:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 8 57 theme milk 1378:1381 arg1 yield 1383:1387 milk yield 1378:1387 milk yield 1378:1387 The TAN diet had no effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk protein concentration. 24594257 2 58 theme oil 356:358 arg1 addition 333:340 addition 333:340 addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 333:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 5 59 theme monounsaturated 1044:1058 arg1 acids 1086:1090 monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids 1044:1090 acids 1086:1090 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 10 60 from profile 1611:1617 arg1 milk 1622:1625 milk 1622:1625 milk 1622:1625 Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. 24594257 5 61 theme fatty 1002:1006 arg1 acids 1008:1012 saturated fatty acids 992:1012 saturated fatty acids 992:1012 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 8 62 theme protein 1398:1404 arg1 concentration 1406:1418 milk protein concentration 1393:1418 milk protein concentration 1393:1418 The TAN diet had no effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk protein concentration. 24594257 6 63 theme CPT 1097:1099 arg1 diet 1101:1104 The CPT diet 1093:1104 The CPT diet 1093:1104 The CPT diet had a similar effect to the CSO diet in modifying fatty acid profile. 24594257 11 64 theme resulting 1768:1776 arg1 milk 1778:1781 the resulting milk 1764:1781 the resulting milk 1764:1781 All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk. 24594257 7 65 theme milk 1236:1239 arg1 profile 1252:1258 milk fatty acid profile 1236:1258 milk fatty acid profile 1236:1258 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 7 66 from changes 1225:1231 arg1 profile 1252:1258 milk fatty acid profile 1236:1258 milk fatty acid profile 1236:1258 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 7 66 from changes 1225:1231 arg1 concentration 1207:1219 milk fat concentration 1198:1219 milk fat concentration 1198:1219 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 2 67 with tannin 386:391 arg1 diet 517:520 a diet 515:520 a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 515:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 68 theme 6·0 kg 536:541 arg1 DM 555:556 DM 555:556 DM 555:556 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 68 theme 6·0 kg 536:541 arg1 matter 547:552 6·0 kg dry matter 536:552 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 536:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 69 theme control 628:634 arg1 diet 636:639 the control diet 624:639 the control diet (CON) 624:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 69 theme control 628:634 arg1 concentrates 562:573 concentrates 562:573 concentrates 562:573 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 69 theme control 628:634 arg1 CON 642:644 CON 642:644 CON 642:644 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 69 theme control 628:634 arg1 libitum 594:600 alfalfa hay ad libitum 579:600 alfalfa hay ad libitum 579:600 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 3 70 contain had 700:702 arg2 impact 712:717 a minor impact 704:717 a minor impact 704:717 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 3 70 contain had 700:702 arg1 diets 694:698 feeding CSO and CPT diets 674:698 feeding CSO and CPT diets 674:698 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 2 71 theme condensed 478:486 arg1 400 g/d 496:502 400 g/d 496:502 400 g/d 496:502 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 71 theme condensed 478:486 arg1 tannin 488:493 condensed tannin 478:493 condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) 478:508 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 7 72 theme milk 1198:1201 arg1 fat 1203:1205 milk fat 1198:1205 milk fat concentration 1198:1219 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 6 73 theme CSO 1134:1136 arg1 diet 1138:1141 the CSO diet 1130:1141 the CSO diet 1130:1141 The CPT diet had a similar effect to the CSO diet in modifying fatty acid profile. 24594257 5 74 theme CPT 863:865 arg1 diets 867:871 the CSO and CPT diets 851:871 the CSO and CPT diets 851:871 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 1 75 theme cottonseed 193:202 arg1 oil 204:206 cottonseed oil 193:206 cottonseed oil 193:206 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 24594257 9 76 from reduction 1432:1440 arg1 yields 1449:1454 the yields 1445:1454 the yields of protein and lactose 1445:1477 However, a reduction in the yields of protein and lactose occurred when cows were fed this diet. 24594257 10 77 theme fat 1567:1569 arg1 concentration 1571:1583 fat concentration 1567:1583 fat concentration 1567:1583 Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. 24594257 0 78 from Effects 0:6 arg1 composition 83:93 protein and fatty acid composition 60:93 composition 83:93 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 2 79 theme ad 591:592 arg1 libitum 594:600 alfalfa hay ad libitum 579:600 alfalfa hay ad libitum 579:600 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 79 theme ad 591:592 arg1 diet 636:639 the control diet 624:639 the control diet (CON) 624:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 79 theme ad 591:592 arg1 concentrates 562:573 concentrates 562:573 concentrates 562:573 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 6 80 theme similar 1112:1118 arg1 effect 1120:1125 a similar effect 1110:1125 a similar effect 1110:1125 The CPT diet had a similar effect to the CSO diet in modifying fatty acid profile. 24594257 10 81 theme acid 1606:1609 arg1 profile 1611:1617 fatty acid profile 1600:1617 fatty acid profile in milk 1600:1625 Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. 24594257 0 82 theme protein 60:66 arg1 composition 83:93 protein and fatty acid composition 60:93 composition 83:93 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 5 83 theme CSO 855:857 arg1 diets 867:871 the CSO and CPT diets 851:871 the CSO and CPT diets 851:871 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 2 84 theme combination 434:444 arg1 addition 333:340 addition 333:340 addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 333:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 5 85 theme polyunsaturated 1064:1078 arg1 acids 1086:1090 monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids 1044:1090 acids 1086:1090 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 0 86 theme acid 78:81 arg1 composition 83:93 protein and fatty acid composition 60:93 composition 83:93 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 0 87 theme fatty 72:76 arg1 composition 83:93 protein and fatty acid composition 60:93 composition 83:93 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 5 88 theme altered 924:930 arg1 composition 948:958 altered milk fatty acid composition 924:958 altered milk fatty acid composition 924:958 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 1 89 from effects 158:164 arg1 composition 280:290 composition 280:290 composition of bovine milk 280:305 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 24594257 3 90 theme feed 722:725 arg1 intake 727:732 feed intake 722:732 feed intake 722:732 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 9 91 theme lactose 1471:1477 arg1 yields 1449:1454 the yields 1445:1454 the yields of protein and lactose 1445:1477 However, a reduction in the yields of protein and lactose occurred when cows were fed this diet. 24594257 5 92 theme acids 1086:1090 arg1 proportions 1029:1039 proportions 1029:1039 proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids 1029:1090 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 5 93 theme fatty 937:941 arg1 composition 948:958 altered milk fatty acid composition 924:958 altered milk fatty acid composition 924:958 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 3 94 theme feeding 674:680 arg1 diets 694:698 feeding CSO and CPT diets 674:698 feeding CSO and CPT diets 674:698 Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. 24594257 6 95 theme fatty 1156:1160 arg1 profile 1167:1173 fatty acid profile 1156:1173 fatty acid profile 1156:1173 The CPT diet had a similar effect to the CSO diet in modifying fatty acid profile. 24594257 5 96 theme milk 897:900 arg1 fat 902:904 milk fat 897:904 milk fat concentration 897:918 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 2 97 with combination 434:444 arg1 diet 517:520 a diet 515:520 a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 515:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 98 theme cottonseed 449:458 arg1 oil 460:462 cottonseed oil 449:462 cottonseed oil (800 g/d) 449:472 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 98 theme cottonseed 449:458 arg1 800 g/d 465:471 800 g/d 465:471 800 g/d 465:471 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 8 99 theme TAN 1339:1341 arg1 diet 1343:1346 The TAN diet 1335:1346 The TAN diet 1335:1346 The TAN diet had no effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk protein concentration. 24594257 2 100 theme alfalfa 579:585 arg1 libitum 594:600 alfalfa hay ad libitum 579:600 alfalfa hay ad libitum 579:600 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 100 theme alfalfa 579:585 arg1 diet 636:639 the control diet 624:639 the control diet (CON) 624:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 100 theme alfalfa 579:585 arg1 concentrates 562:573 concentrates 562:573 concentrates 562:573 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 0 101 theme bovine 98:103 arg1 milk 105:108 bovine milk 98:108 bovine milk 98:108 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 6 102 contain had 1106:1108 arg1 diet 1101:1104 The CPT diet 1093:1104 The CPT diet 1093:1104 The CPT diet had a similar effect to the CSO diet in modifying fatty acid profile. 24594257 6 102 contain had 1106:1108 arg2 effect 1120:1125 a similar effect 1110:1125 a similar effect 1110:1125 The CPT diet had a similar effect to the CSO diet in modifying fatty acid profile. 24594257 2 103 theme concentrates 562:573 arg1 DM 555:556 DM 555:556 DM 555:556 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 103 theme concentrates 562:573 arg1 matter 547:552 6·0 kg dry matter 536:552 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON) 536:645 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 0 104 theme cottonseed 19:28 arg1 oil 30:32 dietary cottonseed oil 11:32 dietary cottonseed oil 11:32 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 10 105 from changes 1589:1595 arg1 profile 1611:1617 fatty acid profile 1600:1617 fatty acid profile in milk 1600:1625 Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. 24594257 2 106 theme condensed 376:384 arg1 tannin 386:391 condensed tannin 376:391 condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) 376:427 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 5 107 theme saturated 992:1000 arg1 acids 1008:1012 saturated fatty acids 992:1012 saturated fatty acids 992:1012 In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24594257 7 108 from reduction 1185:1193 arg1 profile 1252:1258 milk fatty acid profile 1236:1258 milk fatty acid profile 1236:1258 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 7 108 from reduction 1185:1193 arg1 concentration 1207:1219 milk fat concentration 1198:1219 milk fat concentration 1198:1219 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 8 109 theme feed 1365:1368 arg1 intake 1370:1375 feed intake 1365:1375 feed intake 1365:1375 The TAN diet had no effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk protein concentration. 24594257 1 110 theme mearnsii-condensed 216:233 arg1 extract 242:248 Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract 209:248 Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract 209:248 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 24594257 0 111 theme supplements 45:55 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 0:109 Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk. 24594257 1 112 theme milk 302:305 arg1 composition 280:290 composition 280:290 composition of bovine milk 280:305 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 24594257 7 113 theme cottonseed 1319:1328 arg1 oil 1330:1332 linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil 1300:1332 linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil 1300:1332 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 1 114 theme Acacia 209:214 arg1 extract 242:248 Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract 209:248 Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract 209:248 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 24594257 2 115 dep 400 g/d 496:502 arg1 CPT 505:507 CPT 505:507 CPT 505:507 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 7 116 theme linoleic 1300:1307 arg1 oil 1330:1332 linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil 1300:1332 linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil 1300:1332 Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. 24594257 8 117 theme milk 1393:1396 arg1 concentration 1406:1418 milk protein concentration 1393:1418 milk protein concentration 1393:1418 The TAN diet had no effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk protein concentration. 24594257 2 118 theme cottonseed 345:354 arg1 800 g/d 361:367 800 g/d 361:367 800 g/d 361:367 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 2 118 theme cottonseed 345:354 arg1 oil 356:358 cottonseed oil 345:358 cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO) 345:373 Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii (400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). 24594257 1 119 theme tannin 235:240 arg1 extract 242:248 Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract 209:248 Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract 209:248 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil, Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. 27934783 1 0 link double-crosslinked 101:118 arg1 hydrogels 120:128 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels 82:128 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) 82:235 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 11 1 theme glue 1430:1433 arg1 times 1393:1397 about 2.4 times 1383:1397 about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue 1383:1433 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 11 1 theme glue 1430:1433 arg1 strength 1354:1361 The adhesive strength 1341:1361 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels 1341:1378 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 12 2 contain have 1660:1663 arg2 potential 1665:1673 potential uses 1665:1678 potential uses 1665:1678 The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering. 27934783 12 2 contain have 1660:1663 arg1 hydrogels 1628:1636 these novel injectable hydrogels 1605:1636 these novel injectable hydrogels 1605:1636 The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering. 27934783 9 3 theme PAMAM-NH2 1120:1128 arg1 density 1082:1088 surface amino density 1068:1088 surface amino density 1068:1088 Where surface amino density and the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 were identical, PAMAM with less generation was prone to gelation. 27934783 9 3 theme PAMAM-NH2 1120:1128 arg1 identical 1135:1143 identical 1135:1143 identical 1135:1143 Where surface amino density and the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 were identical, PAMAM with less generation was prone to gelation. 27934783 9 3 theme PAMAM-NH2 1120:1128 arg1 concentration 1103:1115 the mass concentration 1094:1115 the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 1094:1128 Where surface amino density and the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 were identical, PAMAM with less generation was prone to gelation. 27934783 6 4 theme surface 697:703 arg1 concentration 720:732 concentration 720:732 concentration 720:732 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 4 theme surface 697:703 arg1 generation 738:747 generation 738:747 generation 738:747 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 4 theme surface 697:703 arg1 factors 771:777 the main factors 762:777 the main factors affecting the gelation 762:800 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 4 theme surface 697:703 arg1 density 711:717 The surface amino density 693:717 The surface amino density 693:717 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 9 5 theme less 1157:1160 arg1 generation 1162:1171 less generation 1157:1171 less generation 1157:1171 Where surface amino density and the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 were identical, PAMAM with less generation was prone to gelation. 27934783 11 6 theme adhesive 1345:1352 arg1 times 1393:1397 about 2.4 times 1383:1397 about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue 1383:1433 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 11 6 theme adhesive 1345:1352 arg1 strength 1354:1361 The adhesive strength 1341:1361 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels 1341:1378 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 12 7 theme hydrogels 1551:1559 arg1 surface 1540:1546 the surface 1536:1546 the surface of hydrogels 1536:1559 The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering. 27934783 9 8 theme mass 1098:1101 arg1 identical 1135:1143 identical 1135:1143 identical 1135:1143 Where surface amino density and the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 were identical, PAMAM with less generation was prone to gelation. 27934783 9 8 theme mass 1098:1101 arg1 concentration 1103:1115 the mass concentration 1094:1115 the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 1094:1128 Where surface amino density and the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 were identical, PAMAM with less generation was prone to gelation. 27934783 8 9 theme appropriate 1035:1045 arg1 time 1056:1059 its appropriate gelation time 1031:1059 its appropriate gelation time 1031:1059 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. 27934783 2 10 theme double-crosslinked 337:354 arg1 structure 356:364 The double-crosslinked structure 333:364 The double-crosslinked structure 333:364 The double-crosslinked structure was created by Schiff's base reaction and the formation of disulfide bonds. 27934783 12 11 dep potential 1665:1673 arg1 uses 1675:1678 uses 1675:1678 uses 1675:1678 The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering. 27934783 11 12 theme L929 1471:1474 arg1 cells 1493:1497 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 1471:1497 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 1471:1497 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 7 13 dep contributes 841:851 arg1 whereas 872:878 whereas 872:878 whereas 872:878 Relatively high surface amino density contributes to quick gelation, whereas too great a surface amino may lead to the brittleness of the hydrogel. 27934783 10 14 contain have 1232:1235 arg1 hydrogels 1222:1230 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels 1196:1230 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels 1196:1230 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 10 14 contain have 1232:1235 arg2 density 1291:1297 a high crosslinking density 1271:1297 a high crosslinking density 1271:1297 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 10 14 contain have 1232:1235 arg2 structures 1256:1265 double-crosslinked structures 1237:1265 double-crosslinked structures 1237:1265 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 1 15 theme In 82:83 arg1 hydrogels 120:128 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels 82:128 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) 82:235 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 1 16 theme cytotoxic 308:316 arg1 cross-linkers 318:330 potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers 296:330 potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers 296:330 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 10 17 theme crosslinking 1278:1289 arg1 density 1291:1297 a high crosslinking density 1271:1297 a high crosslinking density 1271:1297 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 4 18 theme gelation 529:536 arg1 time 538:541 The gelation time 525:541 The gelation time 525:541 The gelation time, swelling and rheological behaviors of the hydrogels were investigated. 27934783 5 19 theme hydrogels 682:690 arg1 strength 644:651 adhesive strength 635:651 adhesive strength 635:651 We also studied the adhesive strength and cytocompatibility of the hydrogels. 27934783 5 19 theme hydrogels 682:690 arg1 cytocompatibility 657:673 cytocompatibility 657:673 cytocompatibility 657:673 We also studied the adhesive strength and cytocompatibility of the hydrogels. 27934783 10 20 theme injectable 1200:1209 arg1 hydrogels 1222:1230 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels 1196:1230 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels 1196:1230 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 2 21 theme bonds 435:439 arg1 reaction 395:402 Schiff's base reaction 381:402 Schiff's base reaction 381:402 The double-crosslinked structure was created by Schiff's base reaction and the formation of disulfide bonds. 27934783 2 21 theme bonds 435:439 arg1 formation 412:420 the formation 408:420 the formation of disulfide bonds 408:439 The double-crosslinked structure was created by Schiff's base reaction and the formation of disulfide bonds. 27934783 11 22 theme commercial 1402:1411 arg1 glue 1430:1433 commercial available fibrin glue 1402:1433 commercial available fibrin glue 1402:1433 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 9 23 theme amino 1076:1080 arg1 density 1082:1088 surface amino density 1068:1088 surface amino density 1068:1088 Where surface amino density and the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 were identical, PAMAM with less generation was prone to gelation. 27934783 12 24 theme novel 1611:1615 arg1 hydrogels 1628:1636 these novel injectable hydrogels 1605:1636 these novel injectable hydrogels 1605:1636 The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering. 27934783 10 25 theme high 1273:1276 arg1 density 1291:1297 a high crosslinking density 1271:1297 a high crosslinking density 1271:1297 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 8 26 theme gelation 1047:1054 arg1 time 1056:1059 its appropriate gelation time 1031:1059 its appropriate gelation time 1031:1059 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. 27934783 1 27 theme injectable 90:99 arg1 hydrogels 120:128 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels 82:128 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) 82:235 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 6 28 theme main 766:769 arg1 concentration 720:732 concentration 720:732 concentration 720:732 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 28 theme main 766:769 arg1 generation 738:747 generation 738:747 generation 738:747 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 28 theme main 766:769 arg1 factors 771:777 the main factors 762:777 the main factors affecting the gelation 762:800 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 28 theme main 766:769 arg1 density 711:717 The surface amino density 693:717 The surface amino density 693:717 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 3 29 theme scanning 495:502 arg1 microscopy 513:522 scanning electron microscopy 495:522 scanning electron microscopy 495:522 The morphology of the hydrogels was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. 27934783 5 30 theme adhesive 635:642 arg1 strength 644:651 adhesive strength 635:651 adhesive strength 635:651 We also studied the adhesive strength and cytocompatibility of the hydrogels. 27934783 1 31 theme double-crosslinked 101:118 arg1 hydrogels 120:128 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels 82:128 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) 82:235 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 11 32 theme fibroblast 1482:1491 arg1 cells 1493:1497 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 1471:1497 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 1471:1497 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 1 33 theme oxidized 212:219 arg1 ODex 231:234 ODex 231:234 ODex 231:234 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 1 33 theme oxidized 212:219 arg1 dextrans 221:228 oxidized dextrans 212:228 oxidized dextrans (ODex) 212:235 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 0 34 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 PAMAM/ODex 11:20 Injectable PAMAM/ODex 0:20 Injectable PAMAM/ODex 0:20 Injectable PAMAM/ODex double-crosslinked hydrogels with high mechanical strength. 27934783 10 35 theme storage 1324:1330 arg1 modulus 1332:1338 their high storage modulus 1313:1338 their high storage modulus 1313:1338 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 8 36 theme moderate 953:960 arg1 concentration 962:974 A moderate concentration 951:974 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) 951:992 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. 27934783 8 36 theme moderate 953:960 arg1 wt 990:991 10% wt 986:991 10% wt 986:991 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. 27934783 8 36 theme moderate 953:960 arg1 suitable 997:1004 suitable 997:1004 suitable 997:1004 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. 27934783 2 37 theme disulfide 425:433 arg1 bonds 435:439 disulfide bonds 425:439 disulfide bonds 425:439 The double-crosslinked structure was created by Schiff's base reaction and the formation of disulfide bonds. 27934783 7 38 theme great 884:888 arg1 amino 900:904 too great a surface amino 880:904 too great a surface amino 880:904 Relatively high surface amino density contributes to quick gelation, whereas too great a surface amino may lead to the brittleness of the hydrogel. 27934783 6 39 theme PAMAM 752:756 arg1 factors 771:777 the main factors 762:777 the main factors affecting the gelation 762:800 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 39 theme PAMAM 752:756 arg1 generation 738:747 generation 738:747 generation 738:747 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 39 theme PAMAM 752:756 arg1 concentration 720:732 concentration 720:732 concentration 720:732 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 39 theme PAMAM 752:756 arg1 density 711:717 The surface amino density 693:717 The surface amino density 693:717 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 2 40 link double-crosslinked 337:354 arg1 structure 356:364 The double-crosslinked structure 333:364 The double-crosslinked structure 333:364 The double-crosslinked structure was created by Schiff's base reaction and the formation of disulfide bonds. 27934783 1 41 theme thiol 141:145 arg1 dendrimers 180:189 thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers 141:189 thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) 141:206 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 1 41 theme thiol 141:145 arg1 Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X 192:205 Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X 192:205 Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X 192:205 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 7 42 theme a 890:890 arg1 amino 900:904 too great a surface amino 880:904 too great a surface amino 880:904 Relatively high surface amino density contributes to quick gelation, whereas too great a surface amino may lead to the brittleness of the hydrogel. 27934783 12 43 theme tissue 1683:1688 arg1 engineering 1690:1700 tissue engineering 1683:1700 tissue engineering 1683:1700 The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering. 27934783 0 44 theme high 56:59 arg1 strength 72:79 high mechanical strength 56:79 high mechanical strength 56:79 Injectable PAMAM/ODex double-crosslinked hydrogels with high mechanical strength. 27934783 2 45 theme base 390:393 arg1 reaction 395:402 Schiff's base reaction 381:402 Schiff's base reaction 381:402 The double-crosslinked structure was created by Schiff's base reaction and the formation of disulfide bonds. 27934783 12 46 attach attach 1519:1524 arg2 cells 1509:1513 The L929 cells 1500:1513 The L929 cells 1500:1513 The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering. 27934783 12 46 attach attach 1519:1524 arg1 surface 1540:1546 the surface 1536:1546 the surface of hydrogels 1536:1559 The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering. 27934783 7 47 theme surface 892:898 arg1 amino 900:904 too great a surface amino 880:904 too great a surface amino 880:904 Relatively high surface amino density contributes to quick gelation, whereas too great a surface amino may lead to the brittleness of the hydrogel. 27934783 3 48 theme electron 504:511 arg1 microscopy 513:522 scanning electron microscopy 495:522 scanning electron microscopy 495:522 The morphology of the hydrogels was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. 27934783 3 49 theme hydrogels 464:472 arg1 morphology 446:455 The morphology 442:455 The morphology of the hydrogels 442:472 The morphology of the hydrogels was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. 27934783 4 50 theme hydrogels 586:594 arg1 swelling 544:551 swelling 544:551 swelling 544:551 The gelation time, swelling and rheological behaviors of the hydrogels were investigated. 27934783 4 50 theme hydrogels 586:594 arg1 behaviors 569:577 rheological behaviors 557:577 rheological behaviors 557:577 The gelation time, swelling and rheological behaviors of the hydrogels were investigated. 27934783 4 50 theme hydrogels 586:594 arg1 time 538:541 The gelation time 525:541 The gelation time 525:541 The gelation time, swelling and rheological behaviors of the hydrogels were investigated. 27934783 11 51 theme fibrin 1423:1428 arg1 glue 1430:1433 commercial available fibrin glue 1402:1433 commercial available fibrin glue 1402:1433 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 10 52 theme high 1319:1322 arg1 modulus 1332:1338 their high storage modulus 1313:1338 their high storage modulus 1313:1338 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 7 53 theme high 814:817 arg1 density 833:839 Relatively high surface amino density 803:839 Relatively high surface amino density 803:839 Relatively high surface amino density contributes to quick gelation, whereas too great a surface amino may lead to the brittleness of the hydrogel. 27934783 11 54 theme available 1413:1421 arg1 glue 1430:1433 commercial available fibrin glue 1402:1433 commercial available fibrin glue 1402:1433 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 1 55 contain containing 130:139 arg2 Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X 192:205 Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X 192:205 Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X 192:205 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 1 55 contain containing 130:139 arg1 hydrogels 120:128 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels 82:128 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) 82:235 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 1 55 contain containing 130:139 arg2 dendrimers 180:189 thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers 141:189 thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) 141:206 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 1 55 contain containing 130:139 arg2 dextrans 221:228 oxidized dextrans 212:228 oxidized dextrans (ODex) 212:235 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 1 55 contain containing 130:139 arg2 ODex 231:234 ODex 231:234 ODex 231:234 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 9 56 with PAMAM 1146:1150 arg1 generation 1162:1171 less generation 1157:1171 less generation 1157:1171 Where surface amino density and the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 were identical, PAMAM with less generation was prone to gelation. 27934783 10 57 link double-crosslinked 1237:1254 arg1 structures 1256:1265 double-crosslinked structures 1237:1265 double-crosslinked structures 1237:1265 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 8 58 theme PAMAM 979:983 arg1 concentration 962:974 A moderate concentration 951:974 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) 951:992 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. 27934783 8 58 theme PAMAM 979:983 arg1 wt 990:991 10% wt 986:991 10% wt 986:991 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. 27934783 8 58 theme PAMAM 979:983 arg1 suitable 997:1004 suitable 997:1004 suitable 997:1004 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. 27934783 1 59 theme functionalized 147:160 arg1 amido-amine 167:177 amido-amine 167:177 amido-amine 167:177 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 1 59 theme functionalized 147:160 arg1 poly 162:165 functionalized poly 147:165 thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) 141:206 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 0 60 theme mechanical 61:70 arg1 strength 72:79 high mechanical strength 56:79 high mechanical strength 56:79 Injectable PAMAM/ODex double-crosslinked hydrogels with high mechanical strength. 27934783 12 61 theme L929 1504:1507 arg1 cells 1509:1513 The L929 cells 1500:1513 The L929 cells 1500:1513 The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering. 27934783 11 62 theme hydrogels 1370:1378 arg1 times 1393:1397 about 2.4 times 1383:1397 about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue 1383:1433 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 11 62 theme hydrogels 1370:1378 arg1 strength 1354:1361 The adhesive strength 1341:1361 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels 1341:1378 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 8 63 theme % 988:988 arg1 concentration 962:974 A moderate concentration 951:974 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) 951:992 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. 27934783 8 63 theme % 988:988 arg1 wt 990:991 10% wt 986:991 10% wt 986:991 A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. 27934783 1 64 theme poly 162:165 arg1 dendrimers 180:189 thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers 141:189 thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) 141:206 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 1 64 theme poly 162:165 arg1 Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X 192:205 Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X 192:205 Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X 192:205 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 7 65 theme hydrogel 941:948 arg1 brittleness 922:932 the brittleness 918:932 the brittleness of the hydrogel 918:948 Relatively high surface amino density contributes to quick gelation, whereas too great a surface amino may lead to the brittleness of the hydrogel. 27934783 7 66 theme amino 827:831 arg1 density 833:839 Relatively high surface amino density 803:839 Relatively high surface amino density 803:839 Relatively high surface amino density contributes to quick gelation, whereas too great a surface amino may lead to the brittleness of the hydrogel. 27934783 12 67 theme injectable 1617:1626 arg1 hydrogels 1628:1636 these novel injectable hydrogels 1605:1636 these novel injectable hydrogels 1605:1636 The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering. 27934783 1 68 dep In 82:83 arg1 situ 85:88 situ 85:88 situ 85:88 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 7 69 theme quick 856:860 arg1 gelation 862:869 quick gelation 856:869 quick gelation 856:869 Relatively high surface amino density contributes to quick gelation, whereas too great a surface amino may lead to the brittleness of the hydrogel. 27934783 11 70 theme mouse 1476:1480 arg1 cells 1493:1497 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 1471:1497 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 1471:1497 The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 27934783 6 71 theme amino 705:709 arg1 concentration 720:732 concentration 720:732 concentration 720:732 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 71 theme amino 705:709 arg1 generation 738:747 generation 738:747 generation 738:747 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 71 theme amino 705:709 arg1 factors 771:777 the main factors 762:777 the main factors affecting the gelation 762:800 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 6 71 theme amino 705:709 arg1 density 711:717 The surface amino density 693:717 The surface amino density 693:717 The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. 27934783 9 72 theme surface 1068:1074 arg1 density 1082:1088 surface amino density 1068:1088 surface amino density 1068:1088 Where surface amino density and the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 were identical, PAMAM with less generation was prone to gelation. 27934783 1 73 theme physiological 257:269 arg1 conditions 271:280 physiological conditions 257:280 physiological conditions 257:280 In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. 27934783 4 74 theme rheological 557:567 arg1 behaviors 569:577 rheological behaviors 557:577 rheological behaviors 557:577 The gelation time, swelling and rheological behaviors of the hydrogels were investigated. 27934783 10 75 theme PAMAM/ODex 1211:1220 arg1 hydrogels 1222:1230 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels 1196:1230 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels 1196:1230 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 10 76 theme double-crosslinked 1237:1254 arg1 structures 1256:1265 double-crosslinked structures 1237:1265 double-crosslinked structures 1237:1265 The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. 27934783 5 77 dep strength 644:651 arg1 the 631:633 the 631:633 the 631:633 We also studied the adhesive strength and cytocompatibility of the hydrogels. 27934783 7 78 theme surface 819:825 arg1 density 833:839 Relatively high surface amino density 803:839 Relatively high surface amino density 803:839 Relatively high surface amino density contributes to quick gelation, whereas too great a surface amino may lead to the brittleness of the hydrogel. 28325746 5 0 theme increased 1154:1162 arg1 levels 1164:1169 increased levels 1154:1169 increased levels of bioactive flagellin 1154:1192 RESULTS This approach revealed that both P80 and CMC acted directly upon human microbiota to increase its proinflammatory potential, as revealed by increased levels of bioactive flagellin. 28325746 1 1 theme central 174:180 arg1 role 182:185 a central role 172:185 a central role 172:185 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 8 2 theme microbial 1550:1558 arg1 alterations 1560:1570 microbial alterations 1550:1570 microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers 1550:1621 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 5 3 theme proinflammatory 1112:1126 arg1 potential 1128:1136 its proinflammatory potential 1108:1136 its proinflammatory potential 1108:1136 RESULTS This approach revealed that both P80 and CMC acted directly upon human microbiota to increase its proinflammatory potential, as revealed by increased levels of bioactive flagellin. 28325746 9 4 dep CONCLUSIONS 1624:1634 arg1 demonstrate 1650:1660 demonstrate 1650:1660 demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions 1650:1724 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation. 28325746 9 4 dep CONCLUSIONS 1624:1634 arg1 indicate 1730:1737 indicate 1730:1737 indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation 1730:1882 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation. 28325746 0 5 theme intestinal 105:114 arg1 inflammation 116:127 intestinal inflammation 105:127 intestinal inflammation 105:127 Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation. 28325746 8 6 theme M-SHIME 1467:1473 arg1 microbiotas 1475:1485 both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas 1443:1485 both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas 1443:1485 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 7 7 theme altered 1402:1408 arg1 composition 1418:1428 altered species composition 1402:1428 altered species composition 1402:1428 In contrast, the P80-induced flagellin increase occurred more slowly and was closely associated with altered species composition. 28325746 6 8 theme CMC-induced 1199:1209 arg1 increase 1211:1218 The CMC-induced increase 1195:1218 The CMC-induced increase in flagellin 1195:1231 The CMC-induced increase in flagellin was rapid (1 day) and driven by altered microbiota gene expression. 28325746 2 9 theme microbiota 322:331 arg1 composition 333:343 microbiota composition 322:343 microbiota composition 322:343 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. 28325746 9 10 theme novel 1664:1668 arg1 paradigm 1670:1677 a novel paradigm 1662:1677 a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions 1662:1724 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation. 28325746 4 11 theme model 920:924 arg1 simulator 856:864 the mucosal simulator 844:864 the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host 844:1003 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 9 12 theme deconstructing 1682:1695 arg1 interactions 1713:1724 deconstructing host-microbiota interactions 1682:1724 deconstructing host-microbiota interactions 1682:1724 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation. 28325746 6 13 from increase 1211:1218 arg1 flagellin 1223:1231 flagellin 1223:1231 flagellin 1223:1231 The CMC-induced increase in flagellin was rapid (1 day) and driven by altered microbiota gene expression. 28325746 4 14 theme live 995:998 arg1 host 1000:1003 a live host 993:1003 a live host 993:1003 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 5 15 dep RESULTS 1006:1012 arg1 revealed 1028:1035 revealed 1028:1035 revealed that both P80 and CMC acted directly upon human microbiota to increase its proinflammatory potential, as revealed by increased levels of bioactive flagellin 1028:1192 RESULTS This approach revealed that both P80 and CMC acted directly upon human microbiota to increase its proinflammatory potential, as revealed by increased levels of bioactive flagellin. 28325746 4 16 theme microbial 890:898 arg1 ecosystem 900:908 human intestinal microbial ecosystem 873:908 the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host 869:1003 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 4 16 theme microbial 890:898 arg1 M-SHIME 911:917 M-SHIME 911:917 M-SHIME 911:917 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 1 17 dep OBJECTIVE 130:138 arg1 microbiota 155:164 The intestinal microbiota 140:164 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota 130:164 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 6 18 theme altered 1265:1271 arg1 expression 1289:1298 altered microbiota gene expression 1265:1298 altered microbiota gene expression 1265:1298 The CMC-induced increase in flagellin was rapid (1 day) and driven by altered microbiota gene expression. 28325746 8 19 theme host 1541:1544 arg1 many 1529:1532 many 1529:1532 many 1529:1532 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 8 19 theme host 1541:1544 arg1 host 1541:1544 host 1541:1544 host 1541:1544 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 8 19 theme host 1541:1544 arg1 alterations 1560:1570 microbial alterations 1550:1570 microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers 1550:1621 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 4 20 theme intestinal 879:888 arg1 ecosystem 900:908 human intestinal microbial ecosystem 873:908 the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host 869:1003 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 4 20 theme intestinal 879:888 arg1 M-SHIME 911:917 M-SHIME 911:917 M-SHIME 911:917 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 2 21 theme substances 300:309 arg1 Administration 282:295 Administration 282:295 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 282:443 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. 28325746 8 22 located observed 1572:1579 arg2 alterations 1560:1570 microbial alterations 1550:1570 microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers 1550:1621 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 8 22 located observed 1572:1579 arg1 mice 1584:1587 mice 1584:1587 mice directly treated with emulsifiers 1584:1621 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 9 23 theme intestinal 1860:1869 arg1 inflammation 1871:1882 intestinal inflammation 1860:1882 intestinal inflammation 1860:1882 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation. 28325746 6 24 theme microbiota 1273:1282 arg1 expression 1289:1298 altered microbiota gene expression 1265:1298 altered microbiota gene expression 1265:1298 The CMC-induced increase in flagellin was rapid (1 day) and driven by altered microbiota gene expression. 28325746 9 25 theme used 1802:1805 arg1 additives 1812:1820 these commonly used food additives 1787:1820 these commonly used food additives 1787:1820 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation. 28325746 3 26 theme other 614:618 arg1 substances 620:629 other substances 614:629 other substances 614:629 However, that inflammation itself impacts microbiota composition has obfuscated defining the extent to which these compounds or other substances act directly upon the microbiota versus acting on host parameters that promote inflammation, which subsequently reshapes the microbiota. 28325746 0 27 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 emulsifiers 8:18 Dietary emulsifiers 0:18 Dietary emulsifiers 0:18 Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation. 28325746 4 28 theme ecosystem 900:908 arg1 model 920:924 the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model 869:924 the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host 869:1003 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 4 29 from impact 798:803 arg1 microbiota 827:836 the microbiota 823:836 the microbiota 823:836 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 4 30 theme direct 791:796 arg1 impact 798:803 the direct impact 787:803 the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota 787:836 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 2 31 theme inflammatory 462:473 arg1 disorders 475:483 such inflammatory disorders 457:483 such inflammatory disorders 457:483 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. 28325746 8 32 theme germ-free 1490:1498 arg1 mice 1510:1513 germ-free recipient mice 1490:1513 germ-free recipient mice 1490:1513 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 7 33 theme species 1410:1416 arg1 composition 1418:1428 altered species composition 1402:1428 altered species composition 1402:1428 In contrast, the P80-induced flagellin increase occurred more slowly and was closely associated with altered species composition. 28325746 4 34 theme CMC 808:810 arg1 impact 798:803 the direct impact 787:803 the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota 787:836 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 1 35 theme many 209:212 arg1 IBD 254:256 IBD 254:256 IBD 254:256 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 1 35 theme many 209:212 arg1 syndrome 272:279 metabolic syndrome 262:279 metabolic syndrome 262:279 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 1 35 theme many 209:212 arg1 diseases 235:242 many chronic inflammatory diseases 209:242 many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome 209:279 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 2 36 theme such 457:460 arg1 disorders 475:483 such inflammatory disorders 457:483 such inflammatory disorders 457:483 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. 28325746 4 37 theme human 958:962 arg1 microbiota 964:973 a complex stable human microbiota 941:973 a complex stable human microbiota 941:973 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 4 38 dep DESIGN 768:773 arg1 examined 778:785 examined 778:785 examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host 778:1003 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 1 39 theme chronic 214:220 arg1 IBD 254:256 IBD 254:256 IBD 254:256 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 1 39 theme chronic 214:220 arg1 syndrome 272:279 metabolic syndrome 262:279 metabolic syndrome 262:279 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 1 39 theme chronic 214:220 arg1 diseases 235:242 many chronic inflammatory diseases 209:242 many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome 209:279 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 0 40 theme microbiota 41:50 arg1 composition 52:62 human microbiota composition 35:62 human microbiota composition 35:62 Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation. 28325746 9 41 theme food 1807:1810 arg1 additives 1812:1820 these commonly used food additives 1787:1820 these commonly used food additives 1787:1820 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation. 28325746 8 42 theme recipient 1500:1508 arg1 mice 1510:1513 germ-free recipient mice 1490:1513 germ-free recipient mice 1490:1513 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 1 43 theme inflammatory 222:233 arg1 IBD 254:256 IBD 254:256 IBD 254:256 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 1 43 theme inflammatory 222:233 arg1 syndrome 272:279 metabolic syndrome 262:279 metabolic syndrome 262:279 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 1 43 theme inflammatory 222:233 arg1 diseases 235:242 many chronic inflammatory diseases 209:242 many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome 209:279 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 0 44 theme human 35:39 arg1 composition 52:62 human microbiota composition 35:62 human microbiota composition 35:62 Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation. 28325746 5 45 theme bioactive 1174:1182 arg1 flagellin 1184:1192 bioactive flagellin 1174:1192 bioactive flagellin 1174:1192 RESULTS This approach revealed that both P80 and CMC acted directly upon human microbiota to increase its proinflammatory potential, as revealed by increased levels of bioactive flagellin. 28325746 3 46 theme host 681:684 arg1 parameters 686:695 host parameters 681:695 host parameters that promote inflammation, which subsequently reshapes the microbiota 681:765 However, that inflammation itself impacts microbiota composition has obfuscated defining the extent to which these compounds or other substances act directly upon the microbiota versus acting on host parameters that promote inflammation, which subsequently reshapes the microbiota. 28325746 1 47 theme diseases 235:242 arg1 development 194:204 the development 190:204 the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome 190:279 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 6 48 dep rapid 1237:1241 arg1 1 day 1244:1248 1 day 1244:1248 1 day 1244:1248 The CMC-induced increase in flagellin was rapid (1 day) and driven by altered microbiota gene expression. 28325746 5 49 theme flagellin 1184:1192 arg1 levels 1164:1169 increased levels 1154:1169 increased levels of bioactive flagellin 1154:1192 RESULTS This approach revealed that both P80 and CMC acted directly upon human microbiota to increase its proinflammatory potential, as revealed by increased levels of bioactive flagellin. 28325746 4 50 theme host 1000:1003 arg1 absence 982:988 the absence 978:988 the absence of a live host 978:1003 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 4 51 theme human 873:877 arg1 ecosystem 900:908 human intestinal microbial ecosystem 873:908 the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host 869:1003 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 4 51 theme human 873:877 arg1 M-SHIME 911:917 M-SHIME 911:917 M-SHIME 911:917 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 3 52 theme microbiota 528:537 arg1 composition 539:549 microbiota composition 528:549 microbiota composition 528:549 However, that inflammation itself impacts microbiota composition has obfuscated defining the extent to which these compounds or other substances act directly upon the microbiota versus acting on host parameters that promote inflammation, which subsequently reshapes the microbiota. 28325746 8 53 theme emulsifier-treated 1448:1465 arg1 microbiotas 1475:1485 both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas 1443:1485 both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas 1443:1485 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 6 54 theme gene 1284:1287 arg1 expression 1289:1298 altered microbiota gene expression 1265:1298 altered microbiota gene expression 1265:1298 The CMC-induced increase in flagellin was rapid (1 day) and driven by altered microbiota gene expression. 28325746 2 55 theme emulsifiers 378:388 arg1 polysorbate 390:400 the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 356:403 the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) 356:409 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. 28325746 2 55 theme emulsifiers 378:388 arg1 P80 406:408 P80 406:408 P80 406:408 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. 28325746 4 56 theme stable 951:956 arg1 microbiota 964:973 a complex stable human microbiota 941:973 a complex stable human microbiota 941:973 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 9 57 theme interactions 1713:1724 arg1 paradigm 1670:1677 a novel paradigm 1662:1677 a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions 1662:1724 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation. 28325746 8 58 theme microbiotas 1475:1485 arg1 Transfer 1431:1438 Transfer 1431:1438 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice 1431:1513 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 1 59 theme intestinal 144:153 arg1 microbiota 155:164 The intestinal microbiota 140:164 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota 130:164 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 28325746 4 60 theme complex 943:949 arg1 microbiota 964:973 a complex stable human microbiota 941:973 a complex stable human microbiota 941:973 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 5 61 theme human 1079:1083 arg1 microbiota 1085:1094 human microbiota 1079:1094 human microbiota 1079:1094 RESULTS This approach revealed that both P80 and CMC acted directly upon human microbiota to increase its proinflammatory potential, as revealed by increased levels of bioactive flagellin. 28325746 4 62 theme P80 816:818 arg1 impact 798:803 the direct impact 787:803 the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota 787:836 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 2 63 theme synthetic 360:368 arg1 polysorbate 390:400 the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 356:403 the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) 356:409 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. 28325746 2 63 theme synthetic 360:368 arg1 P80 406:408 P80 406:408 P80 406:408 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. 28325746 2 64 theme dietary 370:376 arg1 polysorbate 390:400 the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 356:403 the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) 356:409 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. 28325746 2 64 theme dietary 370:376 arg1 P80 406:408 P80 406:408 P80 406:408 Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. 28325746 8 65 dep host 1541:1544 arg1 the 1537:1539 the 1537:1539 the 1537:1539 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 7 66 theme P80-induced 1318:1328 arg1 increase 1340:1347 the P80-induced flagellin increase 1314:1347 the P80-induced flagellin increase 1314:1347 In contrast, the P80-induced flagellin increase occurred more slowly and was closely associated with altered species composition. 28325746 4 67 theme mucosal 848:854 arg1 simulator 856:864 the mucosal simulator 844:864 the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host 844:1003 DESIGN We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. 28325746 7 68 theme flagellin 1330:1338 arg1 increase 1340:1347 the P80-induced flagellin increase 1314:1347 the P80-induced flagellin increase 1314:1347 In contrast, the P80-induced flagellin increase occurred more slowly and was closely associated with altered species composition. 28325746 0 69 theme gene 68:71 arg1 expression 73:82 gene expression 68:82 gene expression 68:82 Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation. 28325746 8 70 theme alterations 1560:1570 arg1 many 1529:1532 many 1529:1532 many 1529:1532 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 8 70 theme alterations 1560:1570 arg1 host 1541:1544 host 1541:1544 host 1541:1544 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 8 70 theme alterations 1560:1570 arg1 alterations 1560:1570 microbial alterations 1550:1570 microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers 1550:1621 Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. 28325746 9 71 theme host-microbiota 1697:1711 arg1 interactions 1713:1724 deconstructing host-microbiota interactions 1682:1724 deconstructing host-microbiota interactions 1682:1724 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host-microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation. 28325746 1 72 theme metabolic 262:270 arg1 syndrome 272:279 metabolic syndrome 262:279 metabolic syndrome 262:279 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. 27402181 12 0 theme marine-derived 2821:2834 arg1 collagen 2836:2843 marine-derived collagen 2821:2843 marine-derived collagen 2821:2843 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 12 0 theme marine-derived 2821:2834 arg1 sources 2804:2810 alternative collagen sources 2783:2810 alternative collagen sources 2783:2810 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 0 1 from effects 57:63 arg1 functionality 144:156 mechanical and biological functionality 118:156 mechanical and biological functionality 118:156 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea: Assessing the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality. 27402181 10 2 theme orthopaedic 2340:2350 arg1 repair 2359:2364 orthopaedic tissue repair 2340:2364 orthopaedic tissue repair 2340:2364 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 9 3 theme collagen 1920:1927 arg1 scaffolds 1929:1937 the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds 1901:1937 the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds 1901:1937 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 4 theme MSC 2171:2173 arg1 proliferation 2175:2187 more MSC proliferation 2166:2187 more MSC proliferation 2166:2187 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 11 5 theme SIGNIFICANCE 2490:2501 arg1 Collagen 2503:2510 SIGNIFICANCE Collagen 2490:2510 SIGNIFICANCE Collagen 2490:2510 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 2 6 with collagen 428:435 arg1 material 450:457 another material 442:457 another material 442:457 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 15 7 dep bone 3282:3285 arg1 tissue 3301:3306 tissue 3301:3306 tissue 3301:3306 The collagen-chitosan composites were also shown to support mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards both bone and cartilage tissue. 27402181 2 8 theme main 295:298 arg1 strength 345:352 its low mechanical strength 326:352 its low mechanical strength 326:352 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 2 8 theme main 295:298 arg1 limitation 300:309 The main limitation 291:309 The main limitation of collagen 291:321 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 13 9 link bovine-derived 2942:2955 arg1 collagen 2957:2964 the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen 2919:2964 the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen 2919:2964 In this study, scaffolds made from salmon-skin collagen were compared to the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen with a focus on orthopaedic applications. 27402181 7 10 theme swelling 1434:1441 arg1 strength 1424:1431 the compressive strength 1408:1431 the compressive strength 1408:1431 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 7 10 theme swelling 1434:1441 arg1 ratio 1443:1447 swelling ratio 1434:1447 swelling ratio 1434:1447 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 9 11 theme salmon 1957:1962 arg1 scaffolds 1986:1994 the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1953:1994 the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1953:1994 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 13 12 theme orthopaedic 2982:2992 arg1 applications 2994:3005 orthopaedic applications 2982:3005 orthopaedic applications 2982:3005 In this study, scaffolds made from salmon-skin collagen were compared to the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen with a focus on orthopaedic applications. 27402181 2 13 theme low 330:332 arg1 strength 345:352 its low mechanical strength 326:352 its low mechanical strength 326:352 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 2 13 theme low 330:332 arg1 limitation 300:309 The main limitation 291:309 The main limitation of collagen 291:321 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 8 14 theme calcium 1754:1760 arg1 p<0.001 1774:1780 p<0.001 1774:1780 p<0.001 1774:1780 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 14 theme calcium 1754:1760 arg1 production 1762:1771 calcium production 1754:1771 calcium production (p<0.001) 1754:1781 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 10 15 theme tissue 2352:2357 arg1 repair 2359:2364 orthopaedic tissue repair 2340:2364 orthopaedic tissue repair 2340:2364 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 5 16 attach derived 979:985 arg1 skin 999:1002 salmon skin 992:1002 salmon skin (marine) 992:1011 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 5 16 attach derived 979:985 arg1 marine 1005:1010 marine 1005:1010 marine 1005:1010 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 5 16 attach derived 979:985 arg2 collagen 969:976 collagen 969:976 collagen 969:976 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 6 17 theme mechanical 1152:1161 arg1 properties 1163:1172 mechanical properties 1152:1172 mechanical properties 1152:1172 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. 27402181 6 17 theme mechanical 1152:1161 arg1 ability 1205:1211 their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation 1199:1271 their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation 1199:1271 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. 27402181 6 17 theme mechanical 1152:1161 arg1 architecture 1135:1146 Scaffold architecture 1126:1146 Scaffold architecture 1126:1146 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. 27402181 9 18 theme collagen 1977:1984 arg1 scaffolds 1986:1994 the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1953:1994 the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1953:1994 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 0 19 theme mechanical 118:127 arg1 functionality 144:156 mechanical and biological functionality 118:156 mechanical and biological functionality 118:156 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea: Assessing the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality. 27402181 5 20 theme bovine 1066:1071 arg1 tendon 1073:1078 bovine tendon 1066:1078 bovine tendon (mammal) 1066:1087 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 3 21 theme high 577:580 arg1 cost 582:585 high cost 577:585 high cost 577:585 Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. 27402181 10 22 theme skin-derived 2390:2401 arg1 collagen 2403:2410 salmon skin-derived collagen 2383:2410 salmon skin-derived collagen 2383:2410 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 11 23 contain has 2592:2594 arg1 it 2589:2590 it 2589:2590 it 2589:2590 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 11 23 contain has 2592:2594 arg2 strength 2611:2618 low mechanical strength 2596:2618 low mechanical strength 2596:2618 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 11 23 contain has 2592:2594 arg2 rate 2653:2656 an unpredictable degradation rate 2624:2656 an unpredictable degradation rate 2624:2656 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 11 24 used used 2524:2527 arg2 STATEMENT 2477:2485 STATEMENT 2477:2485 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen 2477:2510 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 0 25 theme biological 133:142 arg1 functionality 144:156 mechanical and biological functionality 118:156 mechanical and biological functionality 118:156 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea: Assessing the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality. 27402181 3 26 theme prion 603:607 arg1 transmission 609:620 prion transmission 603:620 prion transmission 603:620 Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. 27402181 1 27 theme engineering 231:241 arg1 applications 243:254 tissue engineering applications 224:254 tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity 224:288 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen show promise in tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity. 27402181 15 28 theme collagen-chitosan 3175:3191 arg1 composites 3193:3202 The collagen-chitosan composites 3171:3202 The collagen-chitosan composites 3171:3202 The collagen-chitosan composites were also shown to support mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards both bone and cartilage tissue. 27402181 12 29 theme mammalian-derived 2729:2745 arg1 collagen 2747:2754 mammalian-derived collagen 2729:2754 mammalian-derived collagen 2729:2754 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 8 30 theme Mesenchymal 1485:1495 arg1 MSC 1508:1510 MSC 1508:1510 MSC 1508:1510 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 30 theme Mesenchymal 1485:1495 arg1 cell 1502:1505 Mesenchymal stem cell 1485:1505 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment 1485:1522 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 6 31 theme stem 1236:1239 arg1 cell 1241:1244 mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation 1224:1271 mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation 1224:1271 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. 27402181 10 32 theme versatile 2215:2223 arg1 scaffold 2225:2232 This versatile scaffold 2210:2232 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan 2210:2278 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 9 33 theme more 2166:2169 arg1 proliferation 2175:2187 more MSC proliferation 2166:2187 more MSC proliferation 2166:2187 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 8 34 theme sulfated 1787:1794 arg1 p<0.001 1833:1839 p<0.001 1833:1839 p<0.001 1833:1839 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 34 theme sulfated 1787:1794 arg1 production 1821:1830 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production 1787:1830 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) 1787:1840 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 35 theme cell 1502:1505 arg1 attachment 1513:1522 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment 1485:1522 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment 1485:1522 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 7 36 theme mechanical 1374:1383 arg1 properties 1385:1394 the mechanical properties 1370:1394 the mechanical properties 1370:1394 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 9 37 theme pore 2017:2020 arg1 architecture 2072:2083 more regular architecture 2059:2083 more regular architecture 2059:2083 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 37 theme pore 2017:2020 arg1 modulus 2105:2111 higher compressive modulus 2086:2111 higher compressive modulus 2086:2111 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 37 theme pore 2017:2020 arg1 capacity 2124:2131 a greater capacity 2114:2131 a greater capacity for water uptake 2114:2148 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 37 theme pore 2017:2020 arg1 size 2022:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 12 38 theme transmission 2700:2711 arg1 risk 2686:2689 risk 2686:2689 risk 2686:2689 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 12 38 theme transmission 2700:2711 arg1 cost 2677:2680 high cost 2672:2680 high cost 2672:2680 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 3 39 theme mammal-derived 638:651 arg1 collagen 653:660 mammal-derived collagen 638:660 mammal-derived collagen 638:660 Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. 27402181 10 40 theme soft 2450:2453 arg1 tissues 2455:2461 soft tissues 2450:2461 soft tissues such as skin 2450:2474 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 10 40 theme soft 2450:2453 arg1 skin 2471:2474 skin 2471:2474 skin 2471:2474 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 11 41 theme mechanical 2600:2609 arg1 strength 2611:2618 low mechanical strength 2596:2618 low mechanical strength 2596:2618 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 8 42 contain containing 1600:1609 arg1 scaffold 1591:1598 the bovine-derived collagen scaffold 1563:1598 the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan 1563:1644 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 42 contain containing 1600:1609 arg2 ratio 1619:1623 a 75:25 ratio 1611:1623 a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan 1611:1644 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 14 43 theme increased 3139:3147 arg1 stability 3160:3168 increased mechanical stability 3139:3168 increased mechanical stability 3139:3168 To improve the mechanical properties of these scaffolds, another marine biomaterial, chitosan, was added to produce scaffolds with increased mechanical stability. 27402181 1 44 theme UNLABELLED 159:168 arg1 collagen 199:206 collagen 199:206 collagen 199:206 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen show promise in tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity. 27402181 1 44 theme UNLABELLED 159:168 arg1 biomaterials 178:189 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials 159:189 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen 159:206 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen show promise in tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity. 27402181 16 45 theme regeneration 3391:3402 arg1 applications 3404:3415 regeneration applications 3391:3415 regeneration applications 3391:3415 This multi-functional scaffold therefore has potential in both bone and cartilage regeneration applications. 27402181 9 46 theme percentage 2038:2047 arg1 porosity 2049:2056 higher percentage porosity 2031:2056 higher percentage porosity 2031:2056 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 0 47 theme chitosan 68:75 arg1 incorporation 77:89 chitosan incorporation 68:89 chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds 68:113 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea: Assessing the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality. 27402181 14 48 theme mechanical 3023:3032 arg1 properties 3034:3043 the mechanical properties 3019:3043 the mechanical properties of these scaffolds 3019:3062 To improve the mechanical properties of these scaffolds, another marine biomaterial, chitosan, was added to produce scaffolds with increased mechanical stability. 27402181 15 49 theme stem 3243:3246 arg1 differentiation 3253:3267 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation 3231:3267 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards both bone and cartilage tissue 3231:3306 The collagen-chitosan composites were also shown to support mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards both bone and cartilage tissue. 27402181 11 50 theme tissue 2532:2537 arg1 engineering 2539:2549 tissue engineering 2532:2549 tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility 2532:2577 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 10 51 theme great 2285:2289 arg1 potential 2291:2299 great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin 2285:2474 great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin 2285:2474 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 4 52 theme study 783:787 arg1 goal 770:773 the overall goal 758:773 the overall goal of this study 758:787 In this context, the overall goal of this study was to determine if the incorporation of chitosan into collagen scaffolds could improve the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold. 27402181 7 53 theme degradation 1467:1477 arg1 rate 1479:1482 the degradation rate 1463:1482 the degradation rate 1463:1482 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 9 54 theme regular 2064:2070 arg1 size 2022:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 54 theme regular 2064:2070 arg1 architecture 2072:2083 more regular architecture 2059:2083 more regular architecture 2059:2083 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 5 55 theme tissue 1093:1098 arg1 applications 1112:1123 tissue engineering applications 1093:1123 tissue engineering applications 1093:1123 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 0 56 from sea 38:40 arg1 biomaterials 16:27 Multifunctional biomaterials 0:27 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea 0:40 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea: Assessing the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality. 27402181 4 57 theme overall 762:768 arg1 goal 770:773 the overall goal 758:773 the overall goal of this study 758:787 In this context, the overall goal of this study was to determine if the incorporation of chitosan into collagen scaffolds could improve the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold. 27402181 0 58 theme Multifunctional 0:14 arg1 biomaterials 16:27 Multifunctional biomaterials 0:27 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea 0:40 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea: Assessing the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality. 27402181 7 59 theme skin-derived 1329:1340 arg1 scaffolds 1351:1359 bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1311:1359 bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1311:1359 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 8 60 theme bovine-derived 1567:1580 arg1 scaffold 1591:1598 the bovine-derived collagen scaffold 1563:1598 the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan 1563:1644 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 9 61 theme compressive 2093:2103 arg1 modulus 2105:2111 higher compressive modulus 2086:2111 higher compressive modulus 2086:2111 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 61 theme compressive 2093:2103 arg1 size 2022:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 8 62 from increase 1742:1749 arg1 p<0.001 1833:1839 p<0.001 1833:1839 p<0.001 1833:1839 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 62 from increase 1742:1749 arg1 production 1821:1830 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production 1787:1830 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) 1787:1840 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 62 from increase 1742:1749 arg1 production 1762:1771 calcium production 1754:1771 calcium production (p<0.001) 1754:1781 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 62 from increase 1742:1749 arg1 p<0.001 1774:1780 p<0.001 1774:1780 p<0.001 1774:1780 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 10 63 theme marine 2252:2257 arg1 chitosan 2271:2278 the marine biomaterial chitosan 2248:2278 the marine biomaterial chitosan 2248:2278 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 9 64 link bovine-derived 1905:1918 arg1 scaffolds 1929:1937 the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds 1901:1937 the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds 1901:1937 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 4 65 theme chitosan 830:837 arg1 incorporation 813:825 the incorporation 809:825 the incorporation of chitosan into collagen scaffolds 809:861 In this context, the overall goal of this study was to determine if the incorporation of chitosan into collagen scaffolds could improve the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold. 27402181 0 66 dep Assessing 43:51 arg1 biomaterials 16:27 Multifunctional biomaterials 0:27 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea 0:40 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea: Assessing the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality. 27402181 5 67 attach derived 1053:1059 arg1 tendon 1073:1078 bovine tendon 1066:1078 bovine tendon (mammal) 1066:1087 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 5 67 attach derived 1053:1059 arg2 collagen 1044:1051 collagen 1044:1051 collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) 1044:1087 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 9 68 theme greater 2116:2122 arg1 size 2022:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 68 theme greater 2116:2122 arg1 capacity 2124:2131 a greater capacity 2114:2131 a greater capacity for water uptake 2114:2148 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 4 69 theme collagen 844:851 arg1 scaffolds 853:861 collagen scaffolds 844:861 collagen scaffolds 844:861 In this context, the overall goal of this study was to determine if the incorporation of chitosan into collagen scaffolds could improve the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold. 27402181 2 70 theme unpredictable 367:379 arg1 rate 403:406 somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate 358:406 somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate 358:406 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 14 71 theme scaffolds 3054:3062 arg1 properties 3034:3043 the mechanical properties 3019:3043 the mechanical properties of these scaffolds 3019:3062 To improve the mechanical properties of these scaffolds, another marine biomaterial, chitosan, was added to produce scaffolds with increased mechanical stability. 27402181 12 72 theme collagen 2795:2802 arg1 collagen 2836:2843 marine-derived collagen 2821:2843 marine-derived collagen 2821:2843 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 12 72 theme collagen 2795:2802 arg1 sources 2804:2810 alternative collagen sources 2783:2810 alternative collagen sources 2783:2810 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 6 73 theme Scaffold 1126:1133 arg1 properties 1163:1172 mechanical properties 1152:1172 mechanical properties 1152:1172 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. 27402181 6 73 theme Scaffold 1126:1133 arg1 ability 1205:1211 their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation 1199:1271 their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation 1199:1271 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. 27402181 6 73 theme Scaffold 1126:1133 arg1 architecture 1135:1146 Scaffold architecture 1126:1146 Scaffold architecture 1126:1146 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. 27402181 11 74 theme Collagen 2503:2510 arg1 STATEMENT 2477:2485 STATEMENT 2477:2485 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen 2477:2510 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 12 75 theme high 2672:2675 arg1 cost 2677:2680 high cost 2672:2680 high cost 2672:2680 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 9 76 theme chitosan 1883:1890 arg1 content 1892:1898 chitosan content 1883:1898 chitosan content 1883:1898 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 8 77 theme collagen 1628:1635 arg1 chitosan 1637:1644 collagen:chitosan 1628:1644 collagen:chitosan 1628:1644 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 3 78 theme alternative 689:699 arg1 collagen 731:738 marine-origin collagen 717:738 marine-origin collagen 717:738 Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. 27402181 3 78 theme alternative 689:699 arg1 sources 701:707 alternative sources 689:707 alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen 689:738 Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. 27402181 8 79 theme chitosan 1637:1644 arg1 ratio 1619:1623 a 75:25 ratio 1611:1623 a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan 1611:1644 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 2 80 theme rapid 385:389 arg1 rate 403:406 somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate 358:406 somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate 358:406 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 1 81 theme inherent 269:276 arg1 bioactivity 278:288 their inherent bioactivity 263:288 their inherent bioactivity 263:288 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen show promise in tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity. 27402181 9 82 link skin-derived 1964:1975 arg1 scaffolds 1986:1994 the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1953:1994 the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1953:1994 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 4 83 theme mechanical 881:890 arg1 properties 907:916 the mechanical and biological properties 877:916 the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold 877:932 In this context, the overall goal of this study was to determine if the incorporation of chitosan into collagen scaffolds could improve the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold. 27402181 10 84 theme appropriate 2304:2314 arg1 platforms 2316:2324 appropriate platforms 2304:2324 appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen 2304:2410 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 9 85 theme bovine-derived 1905:1918 arg1 scaffolds 1929:1937 the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds 1901:1937 the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds 1901:1937 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 3 86 theme marine-origin 717:729 arg1 collagen 731:738 marine-origin collagen 717:738 marine-origin collagen 717:738 Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. 27402181 2 87 theme collagen 314:321 arg1 strength 345:352 its low mechanical strength 326:352 its low mechanical strength 326:352 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 2 87 theme collagen 314:321 arg1 limitation 300:309 The main limitation 291:309 The main limitation of collagen 291:321 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 13 88 theme bovine-derived 2942:2955 arg1 collagen 2957:2964 the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen 2919:2964 the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen 2919:2964 In this study, scaffolds made from salmon-skin collagen were compared to the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen with a focus on orthopaedic applications. 27402181 4 89 theme biological 896:905 arg1 properties 907:916 the mechanical and biological properties 877:916 the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold 877:932 In this context, the overall goal of this study was to determine if the incorporation of chitosan into collagen scaffolds could improve the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold. 27402181 3 90 dep cost 582:585 arg1 the 573:575 the 573:575 the 573:575 Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. 27402181 10 91 link skin-derived 2390:2401 arg1 collagen 2403:2410 salmon skin-derived collagen 2383:2410 salmon skin-derived collagen 2383:2410 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 10 92 from suitable 2424:2431 arg1 repair 2440:2445 the repair 2436:2445 the repair of soft tissues such as skin 2436:2474 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 7 93 link skin-derived 1329:1340 arg1 scaffolds 1351:1359 bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1311:1359 bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1311:1359 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 8 94 link bovine-derived 1567:1580 arg1 scaffold 1591:1598 the bovine-derived collagen scaffold 1563:1598 the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan 1563:1644 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 2 95 theme mechanical 334:343 arg1 strength 345:352 its low mechanical strength 326:352 its low mechanical strength 326:352 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 2 95 theme mechanical 334:343 arg1 limitation 300:309 The main limitation 291:309 The main limitation of collagen 291:321 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 8 96 theme significant 1730:1740 arg1 increase 1742:1749 a significant increase 1728:1749 a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) 1728:1840 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 9 97 theme skin-derived 1964:1975 arg1 scaffolds 1986:1994 the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1953:1994 the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1953:1994 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 10 98 theme collagen 2403:2410 arg1 use 2376:2378 the use 2372:2378 the use of salmon skin-derived collagen 2372:2410 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 10 99 from repair 2440:2445 arg1 suitable 2424:2431 suitable 2424:2431 suitable 2424:2431 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 1 100 theme tissue 224:229 arg1 applications 243:254 tissue engineering applications 224:254 tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity 224:288 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen show promise in tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity. 27402181 2 101 theme degradation 546:556 arg1 rate 538:541 the rate 534:541 the rate of degradation 534:556 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 8 102 theme stem 1497:1500 arg1 MSC 1508:1510 MSC 1508:1510 MSC 1508:1510 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 102 theme stem 1497:1500 arg1 cell 1502:1505 Mesenchymal stem cell 1485:1505 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment 1485:1522 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 7 103 theme compressive 1412:1422 arg1 strength 1424:1431 the compressive strength 1408:1431 the compressive strength 1408:1431 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 7 103 theme compressive 1412:1422 arg1 ratio 1443:1447 swelling ratio 1434:1447 swelling ratio 1434:1447 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 12 104 theme prion 2694:2698 arg1 transmission 2700:2711 prion transmission 2694:2711 prion transmission 2694:2711 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 6 105 theme mesenchymal 1224:1234 arg1 cell 1241:1244 mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation 1224:1271 mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation 1224:1271 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. 27402181 9 106 theme larger 2010:2015 arg1 architecture 2072:2083 more regular architecture 2059:2083 more regular architecture 2059:2083 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 106 theme larger 2010:2015 arg1 modulus 2105:2111 higher compressive modulus 2086:2111 higher compressive modulus 2086:2111 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 106 theme larger 2010:2015 arg1 capacity 2124:2131 a greater capacity 2114:2131 a greater capacity for water uptake 2114:2148 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 106 theme larger 2010:2015 arg1 size 2022:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 13 107 theme used 2937:2940 arg1 collagen 2957:2964 the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen 2919:2964 the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen 2919:2964 In this study, scaffolds made from salmon-skin collagen were compared to the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen with a focus on orthopaedic applications. 27402181 4 108 theme scaffold 925:932 arg1 properties 907:916 the mechanical and biological properties 877:916 the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold 877:932 In this context, the overall goal of this study was to determine if the incorporation of chitosan into collagen scaffolds could improve the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold. 27402181 11 109 theme low 2596:2598 arg1 strength 2611:2618 low mechanical strength 2596:2618 low mechanical strength 2596:2618 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 10 110 theme biomaterial 2259:2269 arg1 chitosan 2271:2278 the marine biomaterial chitosan 2248:2278 the marine biomaterial chitosan 2248:2278 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 14 111 theme mechanical 3149:3158 arg1 stability 3160:3168 increased mechanical stability 3139:3168 increased mechanical stability 3139:3168 To improve the mechanical properties of these scaffolds, another marine biomaterial, chitosan, was added to produce scaffolds with increased mechanical stability. 27402181 3 112 theme transmission 609:620 arg1 cost 582:585 high cost 577:585 high cost 577:585 Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. 27402181 3 112 theme transmission 609:620 arg1 risk 595:598 the risk 591:598 the risk of prion transmission 591:620 Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. 27402181 8 113 theme glycosaminoglycan 1796:1812 arg1 p<0.001 1833:1839 p<0.001 1833:1839 p<0.001 1833:1839 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 113 theme glycosaminoglycan 1796:1812 arg1 production 1821:1830 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production 1787:1830 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) 1787:1840 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 14 114 with scaffolds 3124:3132 arg1 stability 3160:3168 increased mechanical stability 3139:3168 increased mechanical stability 3139:3168 To improve the mechanical properties of these scaffolds, another marine biomaterial, chitosan, was added to produce scaffolds with increased mechanical stability. 27402181 15 115 theme cell 3248:3251 arg1 differentiation 3253:3267 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation 3231:3267 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards both bone and cartilage tissue 3231:3306 The collagen-chitosan composites were also shown to support mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards both bone and cartilage tissue. 27402181 9 116 theme higher 2031:2036 arg1 porosity 2049:2056 higher percentage porosity 2031:2056 higher percentage porosity 2031:2056 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 0 117 theme incorporation 77:89 arg1 effects 57:63 the effects 53:63 the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality 53:156 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea: Assessing the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality. 27402181 8 118 theme sGAG 1815:1818 arg1 p<0.001 1833:1839 p<0.001 1833:1839 p<0.001 1833:1839 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 8 118 theme sGAG 1815:1818 arg1 production 1821:1830 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production 1787:1830 sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) 1787:1840 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 1 119 theme Natural 170:176 arg1 collagen 199:206 collagen 199:206 collagen 199:206 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen show promise in tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity. 27402181 1 119 theme Natural 170:176 arg1 biomaterials 178:189 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials 159:189 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen 159:206 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen show promise in tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity. 27402181 11 120 theme unpredictable 2627:2639 arg1 rate 2653:2656 an unpredictable degradation rate 2624:2656 an unpredictable degradation rate 2624:2656 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 6 121 dep cell 1241:1244 arg1 differentiation 1257:1271 differentiation 1257:1271 differentiation 1257:1271 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. 27402181 6 121 dep cell 1241:1244 arg1 growth 1246:1251 growth 1246:1251 growth 1246:1251 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. 27402181 12 122 link mammalian-derived 2729:2745 arg1 collagen 2747:2754 mammalian-derived collagen 2729:2754 mammalian-derived collagen 2729:2754 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 0 123 theme collagen 96:103 arg1 scaffolds 105:113 collagen scaffolds 96:113 collagen scaffolds 96:113 Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea: Assessing the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality. 27402181 15 124 theme mesenchymal 3231:3241 arg1 differentiation 3253:3267 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation 3231:3267 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards both bone and cartilage tissue 3231:3306 The collagen-chitosan composites were also shown to support mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards both bone and cartilage tissue. 27402181 2 125 dep such 460:463 arg1 as 465:466 as 465:466 as 465:466 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27402181 13 126 theme salmon-skin 2881:2891 arg1 collagen 2893:2900 salmon-skin collagen 2881:2900 salmon-skin collagen 2881:2900 In this study, scaffolds made from salmon-skin collagen were compared to the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen with a focus on orthopaedic applications. 27402181 5 127 theme salmon 992:997 arg1 marine 1005:1010 marine 1005:1010 marine 1005:1010 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 5 127 theme salmon 992:997 arg1 skin 999:1002 salmon skin 992:1002 salmon skin (marine) 992:1011 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 7 128 theme collagen 1342:1349 arg1 scaffolds 1351:1359 bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1311:1359 bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1311:1359 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 10 129 theme tissues 2455:2461 arg1 repair 2440:2445 the repair 2436:2445 the repair of soft tissues such as skin 2436:2474 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 12 130 link marine-derived 2821:2834 arg1 collagen 2836:2843 marine-derived collagen 2821:2843 marine-derived collagen 2821:2843 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 12 130 link marine-derived 2821:2834 arg1 sources 2804:2810 alternative collagen sources 2783:2810 alternative collagen sources 2783:2810 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 5 131 theme engineering 1100:1110 arg1 applications 1112:1123 tissue engineering applications 1093:1123 tissue engineering applications 1093:1123 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 7 132 theme salmon 1322:1327 arg1 scaffolds 1351:1359 bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1311:1359 bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1311:1359 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 12 133 theme alternative 2783:2793 arg1 collagen 2836:2843 marine-derived collagen 2821:2843 marine-derived collagen 2821:2843 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 12 133 theme alternative 2783:2793 arg1 sources 2804:2810 alternative collagen sources 2783:2810 alternative collagen sources 2783:2810 In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. 27402181 8 134 theme collagen 1582:1589 arg1 scaffold 1591:1598 the bovine-derived collagen scaffold 1563:1598 the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan 1563:1644 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 9 135 theme higher 2086:2091 arg1 modulus 2105:2111 higher compressive modulus 2086:2111 higher compressive modulus 2086:2111 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 9 135 theme higher 2086:2091 arg1 size 2022:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 a larger pore size 2008:2025 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 16 136 theme multi-functional 3314:3329 arg1 scaffold 3331:3338 This multi-functional scaffold 3309:3338 This multi-functional scaffold 3309:3338 This multi-functional scaffold therefore has potential in both bone and cartilage regeneration applications. 27402181 7 137 theme bovine 1311:1316 arg1 scaffolds 1351:1359 bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1311:1359 bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1311:1359 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 3 138 link mammal-derived 638:651 arg1 collagen 653:660 mammal-derived collagen 638:660 mammal-derived collagen 638:660 Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. 27402181 14 139 theme marine 3073:3078 arg1 chitosan 3093:3100 chitosan 3093:3100 chitosan 3093:3100 To improve the mechanical properties of these scaffolds, another marine biomaterial, chitosan, was added to produce scaffolds with increased mechanical stability. 27402181 14 139 theme marine 3073:3078 arg1 biomaterial 3080:3090 another marine biomaterial 3065:3090 another marine biomaterial 3065:3090 To improve the mechanical properties of these scaffolds, another marine biomaterial, chitosan, was added to produce scaffolds with increased mechanical stability. 27402181 7 140 theme chitosan 1299:1306 arg1 addition 1287:1294 the addition 1283:1294 the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds 1283:1359 Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. 27402181 8 141 theme 75:25 1613:1617 arg1 ratio 1619:1623 a 75:25 ratio 1611:1623 a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan 1611:1644 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 16 142 contain has 3350:3352 arg2 potential 3354:3362 potential 3354:3362 potential 3354:3362 This multi-functional scaffold therefore has potential in both bone and cartilage regeneration applications. 27402181 16 142 contain has 3350:3352 arg1 scaffold 3331:3338 This multi-functional scaffold 3309:3338 This multi-functional scaffold 3309:3338 This multi-functional scaffold therefore has potential in both bone and cartilage regeneration applications. 27402181 13 143 from focus 2973:2977 arg1 applications 2994:3005 orthopaedic applications 2982:3005 orthopaedic applications 2982:3005 In this study, scaffolds made from salmon-skin collagen were compared to the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen with a focus on orthopaedic applications. 27402181 10 144 theme salmon 2383:2388 arg1 collagen 2403:2410 salmon skin-derived collagen 2383:2410 salmon skin-derived collagen 2383:2410 This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. 27402181 16 145 dep bone 3372:3375 arg1 applications 3404:3415 regeneration applications 3391:3415 regeneration applications 3391:3415 This multi-functional scaffold therefore has potential in both bone and cartilage regeneration applications. 27402181 8 146 theme chondrogenic 1675:1686 arg1 potential 1688:1696 MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential 1656:1696 potential 1688:1696 Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. 27402181 11 147 theme degradation 2641:2651 arg1 rate 2653:2656 an unpredictable degradation rate 2624:2656 an unpredictable degradation rate 2624:2656 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. 27402181 9 148 theme water 2137:2141 arg1 uptake 2143:2148 water uptake 2137:2148 water uptake 2137:2148 Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. 27402181 1 149 theme due 256:258 arg1 applications 243:254 tissue engineering applications 224:254 tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity 224:288 UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen show promise in tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity. 27402181 5 150 dep tendon 1073:1078 arg1 mammal 1081:1086 mammal 1081:1086 mammal 1081:1086 In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. 27402181 2 151 theme degradation 391:401 arg1 rate 403:406 somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate 358:406 somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate 358:406 The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. 27835792 2 0 theme normal 501:506 arg1 rats 534:537 normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats 501:537 normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats 501:537 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 8 1 theme insulin 1317:1323 arg1 levels 1325:1330 serum insulin levels 1311:1330 serum insulin levels in both parts 1311:1344 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 5 2 theme greater 958:964 arg1 levels 975:980 greater activity levels 958:980 greater activity levels 958:980 Energy expenditure at the beginning of the dark cycle, especially from fat oxidation, was higher with IMF than AL, possibly due to greater activity levels. 27835792 2 3 theme male 514:517 arg1 rats 534:537 normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats 501:537 normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats 501:537 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 6 4 theme Brown 983:987 arg1 content 993:999 Brown fat content 983:999 Brown fat content 983:999 Brown fat content was higher with IMF. 27835792 10 5 theme other 1593:1597 arg1 groups 1599:1604 other groups 1593:1604 other groups 1593:1604 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 4 6 from pads 754:757 arg1 abdomen 791:797 abdomen 791:797 abdomen 791:797 Epidydimal fat pads and fat deposits in the leg and abdomen were lower with HP and IMF. 27835792 4 6 from pads 754:757 arg1 leg 783:785 leg 783:785 leg 783:785 Epidydimal fat pads and fat deposits in the leg and abdomen were lower with HP and IMF. 27835792 14 7 dep one-meal-per-day 2251:2266 arg1 fasting 2268:2274 fasting 2268:2274 fasting 2268:2274 These results suggest that caution may be warranted when recommending intermittent fasting, especially one-meal-per-day fasting, for people with compromised glucose metabolism. 27835792 2 8 theme diet-induced 544:555 arg1 obesity 557:563 diet-induced obesity 544:563 diet-induced obesity 544:563 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 4 9 dep leg 783:785 arg1 the 779:781 the 779:781 the 779:781 Epidydimal fat pads and fat deposits in the leg and abdomen were lower with HP and IMF. 27835792 10 10 dep GLUT2 1512:1516 arg1 pAkt 1519:1522 pAkt 1519:1522 pAkt 1519:1522 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 3 11 theme 26 639:640 arg1 % 641:641 % 641:641 % 641:641 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 13 12 theme insulin 1984:1990 arg1 resistance 1992:2001 insulin resistance 1984:2001 insulin resistance 1984:2001 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 3 13 from beginning 692:700 arg1 h 683:683 3 h 681:683 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle 681:718 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 11 14 theme IMF 1783:1785 arg1 groups 1787:1792 IMF groups 1783:1792 IMF groups 1783:1792 However, surprisingly, hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage was higher in IMF groups than AL. 27835792 3 15 theme HP 635:636 arg1 libitum 661:667 ad libitum 658:667 ad libitum (AL) 658:672 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 3 15 theme HP 635:636 arg1 diets 652:656 HP (26% protein) diets 635:656 HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) 635:724 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 3 15 theme HP 635:636 arg1 IMF 721:723 IMF 721:723 IMF 721:723 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 8 16 from AUC 1304:1306 arg1 parts 1340:1344 both parts 1335:1344 both parts 1335:1344 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 3 17 dep libitum 661:667 arg1 AL 670:671 AL 670:671 AL 670:671 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 1 18 theme new 180:182 arg1 fasting 150:156 Intermittent fasting 137:156 Intermittent fasting (IMF) 137:162 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 1 18 theme new 180:182 arg1 approach 192:199 a relatively new dietary approach 167:199 a relatively new dietary approach to weight management 167:220 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 14 19 theme glucose 2305:2311 arg1 metabolism 2313:2322 compromised glucose metabolism 2293:2322 compromised glucose metabolism 2293:2322 These results suggest that caution may be warranted when recommending intermittent fasting, especially one-meal-per-day fasting, for people with compromised glucose metabolism. 27835792 4 20 theme fat 750:752 arg1 pads 754:757 Epidydimal fat pads 739:757 Epidydimal fat pads 739:757 Epidydimal fat pads and fat deposits in the leg and abdomen were lower with HP and IMF. 27835792 8 21 theme higher 1180:1185 arg1 AUC 1209:1211 AUC 1209:1211 AUC 1209:1211 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 8 21 theme higher 1180:1185 arg1 area 1187:1190 higher area 1180:1190 higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose 1180:1229 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 10 22 theme attenuated 1651:1660 arg1 sensitivity 1670:1680 attenuated insulin sensitivity 1651:1680 attenuated insulin sensitivity 1651:1680 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 0 23 theme fat 126:128 arg1 diets 130:134 fat diets 126:134 fat diets 126:134 Intermittent fasting reduces body fat but exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in young rats regardless of high protein and fat diets. 27835792 9 24 theme tolerance 1404:1412 arg1 test 1414:1417 intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test 1380:1417 intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test 1380:1417 During intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, serum glucose levels were higher with IMF than AL. 27835792 7 25 theme food 1112:1115 arg1 intake 1117:1122 cumulative food intake 1101:1122 cumulative food intake 1101:1122 Serum ghrelin levels were higher in HP-IMF than other groups, and accordingly, cumulative food intake was also higher in HP-IMF than HF-IMF. 27835792 8 26 from levels 1325:1330 arg1 parts 1340:1344 both parts 1335:1344 both parts 1335:1344 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 5 27 theme Energy 827:832 arg1 expenditure 834:844 Energy expenditure 827:844 Energy expenditure 827:844 Energy expenditure at the beginning of the dark cycle, especially from fat oxidation, was higher with IMF than AL, possibly due to greater activity levels. 27835792 13 28 theme young 2131:2135 arg1 rats 2142:2145 young male rats 2131:2145 young male rats 2131:2145 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 9 29 theme glucose 1426:1432 arg1 levels 1434:1439 serum glucose levels 1420:1439 serum glucose levels 1420:1439 During intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, serum glucose levels were higher with IMF than AL. 27835792 0 30 theme insulin 62:68 arg1 resistance 70:79 hepatic insulin resistance 54:79 hepatic insulin resistance in young rats 54:93 Intermittent fasting reduces body fat but exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in young rats regardless of high protein and fat diets. 27835792 5 31 theme fat 898:900 arg1 oxidation 902:910 fat oxidation 898:910 fat oxidation 898:910 Energy expenditure at the beginning of the dark cycle, especially from fat oxidation, was higher with IMF than AL, possibly due to greater activity levels. 27835792 10 32 theme insulin 1493:1499 arg1 signaling 1501:1509 hepatic insulin signaling 1485:1509 hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) 1485:1523 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 10 32 theme insulin 1493:1499 arg1 GLUT2 1512:1516 GLUT2 1512:1516 GLUT2 1512:1516 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 1 33 theme Intermittent 137:148 arg1 IMF 159:161 IMF 159:161 IMF 159:161 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 1 33 theme Intermittent 137:148 arg1 fasting 150:156 Intermittent fasting 137:156 Intermittent fasting (IMF) 137:162 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 1 33 theme Intermittent 137:148 arg1 approach 192:199 a relatively new dietary approach 167:199 a relatively new dietary approach to weight management 167:220 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 3 34 theme cycle 714:718 arg1 beginning 692:700 the beginning 688:700 the beginning of the dark cycle 688:718 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 13 35 from mass 2123:2126 arg1 rats 2142:2145 young male rats 2131:2145 young male rats 2131:2145 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 10 36 dep revealed 1619:1626 arg1 impaired 1642:1649 impaired 1642:1649 revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups 1619:1698 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 2 37 theme glucose 479:485 arg1 metabolism 487:496 energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism 460:496 metabolism 487:496 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 2 38 theme energy 460:465 arg1 lipid 468:472 energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism 460:496 lipid 468:472 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 8 39 theme glucose 1223:1229 arg1 AUC 1209:1211 AUC 1209:1211 AUC 1209:1211 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 8 39 theme glucose 1223:1229 arg1 area 1187:1190 higher area 1180:1190 higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose 1180:1229 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 12 40 theme lower 1873:1877 arg1 expression 1879:1888 the lower expression 1869:1888 the lower expression of glycogen phosphorylase than the AL groups 1869:1933 The higher glycogen storage in the IMF groups was associated with the lower expression of glycogen phosphorylase than the AL groups. 27835792 5 41 theme cycle 875:879 arg1 beginning 853:861 the beginning 849:861 the beginning of the dark cycle 849:879 Energy expenditure at the beginning of the dark cycle, especially from fat oxidation, was higher with IMF than AL, possibly due to greater activity levels. 27835792 8 42 from parts 1340:1344 arg1 AUC 1304:1306 AUC 1304:1306 AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts 1304:1344 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 3 43 dep diets 652:656 arg1 libitum 661:667 ad libitum 658:667 ad libitum (AL) 658:672 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 3 43 dep diets 652:656 arg1 diets 652:656 HP (26% protein) diets 635:656 HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) 635:724 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 3 43 dep diets 652:656 arg1 IMF 721:723 IMF 721:723 IMF 721:723 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 13 44 theme decreased 2109:2117 arg1 mass 2123:2126 decreased fat mass 2109:2126 decreased fat mass in young male rats 2109:2145 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 2 45 theme fat 418:420 arg1 HP 439:440 HP 439:440 HP 439:440 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 2 45 theme fat 418:420 arg1 diets 443:447 high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets 413:447 high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets 413:447 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 0 46 theme Intermittent 0:11 arg1 fasting 13:19 Intermittent fasting 0:19 Intermittent fasting 0:19 Intermittent fasting reduces body fat but exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in young rats regardless of high protein and fat diets. 27835792 1 47 theme adverse 249:255 arg1 effects 257:263 adverse effects 249:263 adverse effects 249:263 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 7 48 theme other 1070:1074 arg1 groups 1076:1081 other groups 1070:1081 other groups 1070:1081 Serum ghrelin levels were higher in HP-IMF than other groups, and accordingly, cumulative food intake was also higher in HP-IMF than HF-IMF. 27835792 2 49 theme intermittent 387:398 arg1 fasting 400:406 a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting 368:406 a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets 368:447 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 13 50 theme glycogen 2067:2074 arg1 phosphorylase 2076:2088 glycogen phosphorylase 2067:2088 glycogen phosphorylase expression 2067:2099 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 13 51 theme hepatic 2028:2034 arg1 signaling 2044:2052 hepatic insulin signaling 2028:2052 hepatic insulin signaling 2028:2052 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 8 52 theme oral 1267:1270 arg1 test 1290:1293 oral glucose tolerance test 1267:1293 oral glucose tolerance test 1267:1293 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 12 53 theme IMF 1838:1840 arg1 groups 1842:1847 the IMF groups 1834:1847 the IMF groups 1834:1847 The higher glycogen storage in the IMF groups was associated with the lower expression of glycogen phosphorylase than the AL groups. 27835792 5 54 from oxidation 902:910 arg1 expenditure 834:844 Energy expenditure 827:844 Energy expenditure 827:844 Energy expenditure at the beginning of the dark cycle, especially from fat oxidation, was higher with IMF than AL, possibly due to greater activity levels. 27835792 8 55 theme tolerance 1280:1288 arg1 test 1290:1293 oral glucose tolerance test 1267:1293 oral glucose tolerance test 1267:1293 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 10 56 theme PEPCK 1544:1548 arg1 expression 1550:1559 PEPCK expression 1544:1559 PEPCK expression 1544:1559 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 7 57 theme Serum 1022:1026 arg1 levels 1036:1041 Serum ghrelin levels 1022:1041 Serum ghrelin levels 1022:1041 Serum ghrelin levels were higher in HP-IMF than other groups, and accordingly, cumulative food intake was also higher in HP-IMF than HF-IMF. 27835792 12 58 theme glycogen 1814:1821 arg1 storage 1823:1829 The higher glycogen storage 1803:1829 The higher glycogen storage in the IMF groups 1803:1847 The higher glycogen storage in the IMF groups was associated with the lower expression of glycogen phosphorylase than the AL groups. 27835792 12 59 from storage 1823:1829 arg1 groups 1842:1847 the IMF groups 1834:1847 the IMF groups 1834:1847 The higher glycogen storage in the IMF groups was associated with the lower expression of glycogen phosphorylase than the AL groups. 27835792 4 60 from deposits 767:774 arg1 abdomen 791:797 abdomen 791:797 abdomen 791:797 Epidydimal fat pads and fat deposits in the leg and abdomen were lower with HP and IMF. 27835792 4 60 from deposits 767:774 arg1 leg 783:785 leg 783:785 leg 783:785 Epidydimal fat pads and fat deposits in the leg and abdomen were lower with HP and IMF. 27835792 12 61 theme AL 1925:1926 arg1 groups 1928:1933 the AL groups 1921:1933 the AL groups 1921:1933 The higher glycogen storage in the IMF groups was associated with the lower expression of glycogen phosphorylase than the AL groups. 27835792 2 62 theme Sprague-Dawley 519:532 arg1 rats 534:537 normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats 501:537 normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats 501:537 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 8 63 theme serum 1311:1315 arg1 levels 1325:1330 serum insulin levels 1311:1330 serum insulin levels in both parts 1311:1344 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 5 64 theme activity 966:973 arg1 levels 975:980 greater activity levels 958:980 greater activity levels 958:980 Energy expenditure at the beginning of the dark cycle, especially from fat oxidation, was higher with IMF than AL, possibly due to greater activity levels. 27835792 2 65 theme young 508:512 arg1 rats 534:537 normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats 501:537 normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats 501:537 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 9 66 theme intraperitoneal 1380:1394 arg1 test 1414:1417 intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test 1380:1417 intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test 1380:1417 During intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, serum glucose levels were higher with IMF than AL. 27835792 8 67 theme levels 1325:1330 arg1 AUC 1304:1306 AUC 1304:1306 AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts 1304:1344 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 3 68 theme fat 627:629 arg1 HF 619:620 HF 619:620 HF (40% fat) 619:630 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 3 68 theme fat 627:629 arg1 % 625:625 40% fat 623:629 40% fat 623:629 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 3 69 theme % 641:641 arg1 HP 635:636 HP 635:636 HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) 635:724 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 3 69 theme % 641:641 arg1 protein 643:649 26% protein 639:649 26% protein 639:649 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 13 70 theme male 2137:2140 arg1 rats 2142:2145 young male rats 2131:2145 young male rats 2131:2145 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 11 71 theme hepatic 1724:1730 arg1 storage 1761:1767 hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage 1724:1767 hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage 1724:1767 However, surprisingly, hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage was higher in IMF groups than AL. 27835792 10 72 theme hepatic 1485:1491 arg1 signaling 1501:1509 hepatic insulin signaling 1485:1509 hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) 1485:1523 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 10 72 theme hepatic 1485:1491 arg1 GLUT2 1512:1516 GLUT2 1512:1516 GLUT2 1512:1516 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 1 73 theme dietary 184:190 arg1 fasting 150:156 Intermittent fasting 137:156 Intermittent fasting (IMF) 137:162 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 1 73 theme dietary 184:190 arg1 approach 192:199 a relatively new dietary approach 167:199 a relatively new dietary approach to weight management 167:220 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 14 74 theme compromised 2293:2303 arg1 metabolism 2313:2322 compromised glucose metabolism 2293:2322 compromised glucose metabolism 2293:2322 These results suggest that caution may be warranted when recommending intermittent fasting, especially one-meal-per-day fasting, for people with compromised glucose metabolism. 27835792 9 75 theme insulin 1396:1402 arg1 test 1414:1417 intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test 1380:1417 intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test 1380:1417 During intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, serum glucose levels were higher with IMF than AL. 27835792 0 76 from resistance 70:79 arg1 rats 90:93 young rats 84:93 young rats 84:93 Intermittent fasting reduces body fat but exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in young rats regardless of high protein and fat diets. 27835792 6 77 theme fat 989:991 arg1 content 993:999 Brown fat content 983:999 Brown fat content 983:999 Brown fat content was higher with IMF. 27835792 3 78 theme ad 658:659 arg1 libitum 661:667 ad libitum 658:667 ad libitum (AL) 658:672 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 3 78 theme ad 658:659 arg1 diets 652:656 HP (26% protein) diets 635:656 HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) 635:724 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 13 79 theme fat 2119:2121 arg1 mass 2123:2126 decreased fat mass 2109:2126 decreased fat mass in young male rats 2109:2145 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 5 80 theme dark 870:873 arg1 cycle 875:879 the dark cycle 866:879 the dark cycle 866:879 Energy expenditure at the beginning of the dark cycle, especially from fat oxidation, was higher with IMF than AL, possibly due to greater activity levels. 27835792 2 81 with fasting 400:406 arg1 HP 439:440 HP 439:440 HP 439:440 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 2 81 with fasting 400:406 arg1 diets 443:447 high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets 413:447 high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets 413:447 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 8 82 dep exhibited 1170:1178 arg1 whereas 1296:1302 whereas 1296:1302 whereas 1296:1302 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 11 83 theme glycogen 1752:1759 arg1 storage 1761:1767 hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage 1724:1767 hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage 1724:1767 However, surprisingly, hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage was higher in IMF groups than AL. 27835792 9 84 theme serum 1420:1424 arg1 levels 1434:1439 serum glucose levels 1420:1439 serum glucose levels 1420:1439 During intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, serum glucose levels were higher with IMF than AL. 27835792 7 85 theme cumulative 1101:1110 arg1 intake 1117:1122 cumulative food intake 1101:1122 cumulative food intake 1101:1122 Serum ghrelin levels were higher in HP-IMF than other groups, and accordingly, cumulative food intake was also higher in HP-IMF than HF-IMF. 27835792 14 86 theme one-meal-per-day 2251:2266 arg1 fasting 2231:2237 intermittent fasting 2218:2237 intermittent fasting 2218:2237 These results suggest that caution may be warranted when recommending intermittent fasting, especially one-meal-per-day fasting, for people with compromised glucose metabolism. 27835792 8 87 theme serum 1217:1221 arg1 glucose 1223:1229 serum glucose 1217:1229 serum glucose 1217:1229 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 10 88 theme insulin 1662:1668 arg1 sensitivity 1670:1680 attenuated insulin sensitivity 1651:1680 attenuated insulin sensitivity 1651:1680 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 0 89 theme young 84:88 arg1 rats 90:93 young rats 84:93 young rats 84:93 Intermittent fasting reduces body fat but exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in young rats regardless of high protein and fat diets. 27835792 1 90 theme optimal 303:309 arg1 diets 311:315 the optimal diets 299:315 the optimal diets for IMF 299:323 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 1 90 theme optimal 303:309 arg1 unknown 329:335 unknown 329:335 unknown 329:335 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 12 91 theme phosphorylase 1902:1914 arg1 expression 1879:1888 the lower expression 1869:1888 the lower expression of glycogen phosphorylase than the AL groups 1869:1933 The higher glycogen storage in the IMF groups was associated with the lower expression of glycogen phosphorylase than the AL groups. 27835792 2 92 theme protein 430:436 arg1 HP 439:440 HP 439:440 HP 439:440 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 2 92 theme protein 430:436 arg1 diets 443:447 high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets 413:447 high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets 413:447 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 13 93 theme phosphorylase 2076:2088 arg1 expression 2090:2099 glycogen phosphorylase expression 2067:2099 glycogen phosphorylase expression 2067:2099 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 3 94 theme dark 709:712 arg1 cycle 714:718 the dark cycle 705:718 the dark cycle 705:718 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 14 95 theme intermittent 2218:2229 arg1 fasting 2231:2237 intermittent fasting 2218:2237 intermittent fasting 2218:2237 These results suggest that caution may be warranted when recommending intermittent fasting, especially one-meal-per-day fasting, for people with compromised glucose metabolism. 27835792 8 96 theme first 1238:1242 arg1 part 1244:1247 the first part 1234:1247 the first part (0-40 min) 1234:1258 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 8 96 theme first 1238:1242 arg1 min 1255:1257 0-40 min 1250:1257 0-40 min 1250:1257 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 10 97 theme IMF 1689:1691 arg1 groups 1693:1698 the IMF groups 1685:1698 the IMF groups 1685:1698 Consistently, hepatic insulin signaling (GLUT2, pAkt) was attenuated and PEPCK expression was higher with IMF and HF than other groups, and HOMA-IR revealed significantly impaired attenuated insulin sensitivity in the IMF groups. 27835792 0 98 theme high 109:112 arg1 protein 114:120 high protein 109:120 high protein 109:120 Intermittent fasting reduces body fat but exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in young rats regardless of high protein and fat diets. 27835792 4 99 theme fat 763:765 arg1 deposits 767:774 fat deposits 763:774 fat deposits 763:774 Epidydimal fat pads and fat deposits in the leg and abdomen were lower with HP and IMF. 27835792 5 100 from beginning 853:861 arg1 expenditure 834:844 Energy expenditure 827:844 Energy expenditure 827:844 Energy expenditure at the beginning of the dark cycle, especially from fat oxidation, was higher with IMF than AL, possibly due to greater activity levels. 27835792 11 101 theme skeletal 1736:1743 arg1 storage 1761:1767 hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage 1724:1767 hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage 1724:1767 However, surprisingly, hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage was higher in IMF groups than AL. 27835792 2 102 theme high 413:416 arg1 HF 423:424 HF 423:424 HF 423:424 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 2 102 theme high 413:416 arg1 fat 418:420 high fat 413:420 high fat (HF) 413:425 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 0 103 theme body 29:32 arg1 fat 34:36 body fat 29:36 body fat 29:36 Intermittent fasting reduces body fat but exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in young rats regardless of high protein and fat diets. 27835792 13 104 with IMF 1951:1953 arg1 HF 1971:1972 HF 1971:1972 HF 1971:1972 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 14 105 with people 2281:2286 arg1 metabolism 2313:2322 compromised glucose metabolism 2293:2322 compromised glucose metabolism 2293:2322 These results suggest that caution may be warranted when recommending intermittent fasting, especially one-meal-per-day fasting, for people with compromised glucose metabolism. 27835792 3 106 theme Male 580:583 arg1 rats 585:588 Male rats 580:588 Male rats aged 5 weeks 580:601 Male rats aged 5 weeks received either HF (40% fat) or HP (26% protein) diets ad libitum (AL) or for 3 h at the beginning of the dark cycle (IMF) for 5 weeks. 27835792 2 107 theme one-meal-per-day 370:385 arg1 fasting 400:406 a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting 368:406 a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets 368:447 We tested the hypothesis that a one-meal-per-day intermittent fasting with high fat (HF) or protein (HP) diets can modify energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in normal young male Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity or overweight. 27835792 8 108 theme glucose 1272:1278 arg1 test 1290:1293 oral glucose tolerance test 1267:1293 oral glucose tolerance test 1267:1293 HF-IMF exhibited higher area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose at the first part (0-40 min) during oral glucose tolerance test, whereas AUC of serum insulin levels in both parts were higher in IMF and HF. 27835792 0 109 theme hepatic 54:60 arg1 resistance 70:79 hepatic insulin resistance 54:79 hepatic insulin resistance in young rats 54:93 Intermittent fasting reduces body fat but exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in young rats regardless of high protein and fat diets. 27835792 13 110 theme insulin 2036:2042 arg1 signaling 2044:2052 hepatic insulin signaling 2028:2052 hepatic insulin signaling 2028:2052 In conclusion, IMF especially with HF increased insulin resistance, possibly by attenuating hepatic insulin signaling, and lowered glycogen phosphorylase expression despite decreased fat mass in young male rats. 27835792 7 111 theme ghrelin 1028:1034 arg1 levels 1036:1041 Serum ghrelin levels 1022:1041 Serum ghrelin levels 1022:1041 Serum ghrelin levels were higher in HP-IMF than other groups, and accordingly, cumulative food intake was also higher in HP-IMF than HF-IMF. 27835792 4 112 theme Epidydimal 739:748 arg1 pads 754:757 Epidydimal fat pads 739:757 Epidydimal fat pads 739:757 Epidydimal fat pads and fat deposits in the leg and abdomen were lower with HP and IMF. 27835792 11 113 theme muscle 1745:1750 arg1 storage 1761:1767 hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage 1724:1767 hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage 1724:1767 However, surprisingly, hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen storage was higher in IMF groups than AL. 27835792 1 114 theme weight 204:209 arg1 management 211:220 weight management 204:220 weight management 204:220 Intermittent fasting (IMF) is a relatively new dietary approach to weight management, although the efficacy and adverse effects have not been full elucidated and the optimal diets for IMF are unknown. 27835792 12 115 theme higher 1807:1812 arg1 storage 1823:1829 The higher glycogen storage 1803:1829 The higher glycogen storage in the IMF groups 1803:1847 The higher glycogen storage in the IMF groups was associated with the lower expression of glycogen phosphorylase than the AL groups. 24883432 9 0 theme vibrational 1783:1793 arg1 spectra 1795:1801 CRM vibrational spectra 1779:1801 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells 1779:1821 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 8 1 theme rhamnolipids 1765:1776 arg1 absence 1743:1749 complete absence 1734:1749 complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids 1734:1776 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 4 2 from DNA- 1066:1069 arg1 contributions 1047:1059 contributions 1047:1059 contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands 1047:1091 CRM reveals that wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra are characterized by bands linked to cellular constituents and are dominated by contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands. 24883432 2 3 theme biomolecules 696:707 arg1 distribution 680:691 distribution 680:691 distribution 680:691 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 3 theme biomolecules 696:707 arg1 composition 664:674 composition 664:674 composition 664:674 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 3 4 theme Three-day 789:797 arg1 biofilms 817:824 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms 789:824 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms 789:824 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms show dramatic differences in molecular composition compared to planktonic cultures. 24883432 3 5 theme dramatic 831:838 arg1 differences 840:850 dramatic differences 831:850 dramatic differences in molecular composition 831:875 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms show dramatic differences in molecular composition compared to planktonic cultures. 24883432 0 6 theme confocal 141:148 arg1 microscopy 156:165 confocal Raman microscopy 141:165 confocal Raman microscopy 141:165 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 5 7 theme rhamnolipids 1178:1189 arg1 characteristic 1146:1159 characteristic 1146:1159 characteristic 1146:1159 In contrast, biofilm spectra are dominated by bands characteristic of glycolipids - rhamnolipids - polysaccharides and by secreted proteins. 24883432 2 8 dep Pseudomonas 765:775 arg1 aeruginosa 777:786 aeruginosa 777:786 aeruginosa 777:786 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 9 theme Raman 600:604 arg1 microspectroscopies 606:624 confocal Raman microspectroscopies 591:624 confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) 591:630 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 9 theme Raman 600:604 arg1 CRM 627:629 CRM 627:629 CRM 627:629 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 8 10 theme sensing-deficient 1563:1579 arg1 cells 1581:1585 the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells 1541:1585 the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells 1541:1585 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 5 11 theme polysaccharides 1193:1207 arg1 characteristic 1146:1159 characteristic 1146:1159 characteristic 1146:1159 In contrast, biofilm spectra are dominated by bands characteristic of glycolipids - rhamnolipids - polysaccharides and by secreted proteins. 24883432 2 12 dep composition 664:674 arg1 the 660:662 the 660:662 the 660:662 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 9 13 theme biofilm 1859:1865 arg1 conditions 1874:1883 planktonic and biofilm growth conditions 1844:1883 planktonic and biofilm growth conditions 1844:1883 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 5 14 theme characteristic 1146:1159 arg1 bands 1140:1144 bands 1140:1144 bands characteristic of glycolipids - rhamnolipids - polysaccharides 1140:1207 In contrast, biofilm spectra are dominated by bands characteristic of glycolipids - rhamnolipids - polysaccharides and by secreted proteins. 24883432 2 15 theme bacterium 755:763 arg1 biofilms 718:725 biofilms 718:725 biofilms 718:725 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 15 theme bacterium 755:763 arg1 cells 742:746 planktonic cells 731:746 planktonic cells 731:746 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 5 16 theme glycolipids 1164:1174 arg1 characteristic 1146:1159 characteristic 1146:1159 characteristic 1146:1159 In contrast, biofilm spectra are dominated by bands characteristic of glycolipids - rhamnolipids - polysaccharides and by secreted proteins. 24883432 0 17 theme combined 66:73 arg1 spectrometry 124:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 1 18 theme polymeric 374:382 arg1 substances 384:393 the extracellular polymeric substances 356:393 the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete 356:406 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 2 19 theme mass 558:561 arg1 spectrometry 563:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 514:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) 514:585 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 19 theme mass 558:561 arg1 MS 583:584 MALDI MS 577:584 MALDI MS 577:584 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 8 20 theme wild-type 1613:1621 arg1 cells 1634:1638 the wild-type planktonic cells 1609:1638 the wild-type planktonic cells 1609:1638 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 6 21 attach present 1291:1297 arg2 rhamnolipids 1278:1289 the rhamnolipids 1274:1289 the rhamnolipids present in the biofilm 1274:1312 LDI MS was applied in turn to identify the rhamnolipids present in the biofilm. 24883432 6 21 attach present 1291:1297 arg1 biofilm 1306:1312 the biofilm 1302:1312 the biofilm 1302:1312 LDI MS was applied in turn to identify the rhamnolipids present in the biofilm. 24883432 0 22 theme laser 91:95 arg1 spectrometry 124:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 0 23 theme ionization 108:117 arg1 spectrometry 124:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 8 24 theme several 1641:1647 arg1 differences 1663:1673 several compositional differences 1641:1673 several compositional differences 1641:1673 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 9 25 theme quorum 1970:1975 arg1 sensing 1977:1983 functioning quorum sensing 1958:1983 functioning quorum sensing machinery 1958:1993 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 8 26 theme MS 1484:1485 arg1 analyses 1487:1494 CRM and LDI MS analyses 1472:1494 analyses 1487:1494 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 6 27 from present 1291:1297 arg1 biofilm 1306:1312 the biofilm 1302:1312 the biofilm 1302:1312 LDI MS was applied in turn to identify the rhamnolipids present in the biofilm. 24883432 0 28 theme Spatial 0:6 arg1 organization 8:19 Spatial organization 0:19 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms 0:54 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 1 29 theme spatiotemporal 311:324 arg1 organization 326:337 the spatiotemporal organization 307:337 the spatiotemporal organization of the cells 307:350 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 4 30 theme cell 948:951 arg1 spectra 959:965 wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra 927:965 wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra 927:965 CRM reveals that wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra are characterized by bands linked to cellular constituents and are dominated by contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands. 24883432 4 31 attach linked 994:999 arg2 bands 988:992 bands 988:992 bands linked to cellular constituents 988:1024 CRM reveals that wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra are characterized by bands linked to cellular constituents and are dominated by contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands. 24883432 4 31 attach linked 994:999 arg1 constituents 1013:1024 cellular constituents 1004:1024 cellular constituents 1004:1024 CRM reveals that wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra are characterized by bands linked to cellular constituents and are dominated by contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands. 24883432 2 32 theme planktonic 731:740 arg1 cells 742:746 planktonic cells 731:746 planktonic cells 731:746 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 33 theme desorption 536:545 arg1 spectrometry 563:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 514:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) 514:585 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 33 theme desorption 536:545 arg1 MS 583:584 MALDI MS 577:584 MALDI MS 577:584 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 1 34 dep substances 384:393 arg1 they 395:398 they 395:398 they 395:398 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 0 35 theme aeruginosa 36:45 arg1 biofilms 47:54 Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms 24:54 Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms 24:54 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 1 36 theme cells 346:350 arg1 organization 326:337 the spatiotemporal organization 307:337 the spatiotemporal organization of the cells 307:350 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 1 36 theme cells 346:350 arg1 substances 384:393 the extracellular polymeric substances 356:393 the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete 356:406 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 9 37 theme sensing 1977:1983 arg1 machinery 1985:1993 functioning quorum sensing machinery 1958:1993 functioning quorum sensing machinery 1958:1993 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 8 38 located observed 1679:1686 arg1 mutant 1695:1700 the mutant 1691:1700 the mutant 1691:1700 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 8 38 located observed 1679:1686 arg2 differences 1663:1673 several compositional differences 1641:1673 several compositional differences 1641:1673 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 2 39 theme matrix-assisted 514:528 arg1 spectrometry 563:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 514:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) 514:585 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 39 theme matrix-assisted 514:528 arg1 MS 583:584 MALDI MS 577:584 MALDI MS 577:584 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 40 theme spectrometry 563:574 arg1 microspectroscopies 606:624 confocal Raman microspectroscopies 591:624 confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) 591:630 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 40 theme spectrometry 563:574 arg1 combination 499:509 a combination 497:509 a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) 497:585 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 40 theme spectrometry 563:574 arg1 CRM 627:629 CRM 627:629 CRM 627:629 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 4 41 theme wild-type 927:935 arg1 spectra 959:965 wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra 927:965 wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra 927:965 CRM reveals that wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra are characterized by bands linked to cellular constituents and are dominated by contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands. 24883432 9 42 theme cells 1817:1821 arg1 spectra 1795:1801 CRM vibrational spectra 1779:1801 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells 1779:1821 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 1 43 theme several 260:266 arg1 traits 278:283 several important traits 260:283 several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete 260:406 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 7 44 theme sensing-deficient 1387:1403 arg1 incapable 1435:1443 incapable 1435:1443 incapable 1435:1443 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 7 44 theme sensing-deficient 1387:1403 arg1 ΔlasIΔrhlI 1413:1422 ΔlasIΔrhlI 1413:1422 ΔlasIΔrhlI 1413:1422 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 7 44 theme sensing-deficient 1387:1403 arg1 mutant 1405:1410 an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant 1353:1410 an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI) 1353:1423 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 8 45 theme quorum 1556:1561 arg1 cells 1581:1585 the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells 1541:1585 the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells 1541:1585 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 4 46 from bands 1087:1091 arg1 contributions 1047:1059 contributions 1047:1059 contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands 1047:1091 CRM reveals that wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra are characterized by bands linked to cellular constituents and are dominated by contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands. 24883432 9 47 theme machinery 1985:1993 arg1 absence 1947:1953 the absence 1943:1953 the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery 1943:1993 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 9 48 theme CRM 1779:1781 arg1 spectra 1795:1801 CRM vibrational spectra 1779:1801 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells 1779:1821 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 7 49 theme lactone 1372:1378 arg1 incapable 1435:1443 incapable 1435:1443 incapable 1435:1443 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 7 49 theme lactone 1372:1378 arg1 ΔlasIΔrhlI 1413:1422 ΔlasIΔrhlI 1413:1422 ΔlasIΔrhlI 1413:1422 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 7 49 theme lactone 1372:1378 arg1 mutant 1405:1410 an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant 1353:1410 an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI) 1353:1423 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 9 50 theme biofilm 1902:1908 arg1 formation 1910:1918 biofilm formation 1902:1918 biofilm formation 1902:1918 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 7 51 theme acyl 1356:1359 arg1 lactone 1372:1378 acyl homoserine lactone 1356:1378 an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI) 1353:1423 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 8 52 theme detectable 1754:1763 arg1 rhamnolipids 1765:1776 detectable rhamnolipids 1754:1776 detectable rhamnolipids 1754:1776 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 1 53 dep attached 196:203 arg1 surface 188:194 surface 188:194 surface 188:194 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 9 54 theme mutant 1810:1815 arg1 cells 1817:1821 the mutant cells 1806:1821 the mutant cells 1806:1821 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 6 55 theme present 1291:1297 arg1 rhamnolipids 1278:1289 the rhamnolipids 1274:1289 the rhamnolipids present in the biofilm 1274:1312 LDI MS was applied in turn to identify the rhamnolipids present in the biofilm. 24883432 3 56 theme aeruginosa 806:815 arg1 biofilms 817:824 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms 789:824 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms 789:824 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms show dramatic differences in molecular composition compared to planktonic cultures. 24883432 1 57 theme attached 196:203 arg1 biofilms 205:212 surface attached biofilms 188:212 surface attached biofilms 188:212 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 4 58 theme planktonic 937:946 arg1 spectra 959:965 wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra 927:965 wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra 927:965 CRM reveals that wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra are characterized by bands linked to cellular constituents and are dominated by contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands. 24883432 3 59 theme old 799:801 arg1 biofilms 817:824 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms 789:824 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms 789:824 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms show dramatic differences in molecular composition compared to planktonic cultures. 24883432 4 60 theme Raman 953:957 arg1 spectra 959:965 wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra 927:965 wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra 927:965 CRM reveals that wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra are characterized by bands linked to cellular constituents and are dominated by contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands. 24883432 0 61 theme Raman 150:154 arg1 microscopy 156:165 confocal Raman microscopy 141:165 confocal Raman microscopy 141:165 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 8 62 theme cells 1581:1585 arg1 composition 1526:1536 molecular composition 1516:1536 molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells 1516:1585 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 2 63 theme confocal 591:598 arg1 microspectroscopies 606:624 confocal Raman microspectroscopies 591:624 confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) 591:630 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 63 theme confocal 591:598 arg1 CRM 627:629 CRM 627:629 CRM 627:629 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 9 64 theme growth 1867:1872 arg1 conditions 1874:1883 planktonic and biofilm growth conditions 1844:1883 planktonic and biofilm growth conditions 1844:1883 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 2 65 theme Pseudomonas 765:775 arg1 bacterium 755:763 the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa 751:786 the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa 751:786 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 3 66 theme molecular 855:863 arg1 composition 865:875 molecular composition 855:875 molecular composition 855:875 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms show dramatic differences in molecular composition compared to planktonic cultures. 24883432 4 67 theme cellular 1004:1011 arg1 constituents 1013:1024 cellular constituents 1004:1024 cellular constituents 1004:1024 CRM reveals that wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra are characterized by bands linked to cellular constituents and are dominated by contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands. 24883432 0 68 theme matrix-assisted 75:89 arg1 spectrometry 124:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 4 69 theme RNA-related 1075:1085 arg1 bands 1087:1091 RNA-related bands 1075:1091 RNA-related bands 1075:1091 CRM reveals that wild-type planktonic cell Raman spectra are characterized by bands linked to cellular constituents and are dominated by contributions from DNA- and RNA-related bands. 24883432 8 70 theme planktonic 1623:1632 arg1 cells 1634:1638 the wild-type planktonic cells 1609:1638 the wild-type planktonic cells 1609:1638 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 6 71 from biofilm 1306:1312 arg1 present 1291:1297 present 1291:1297 present 1291:1297 LDI MS was applied in turn to identify the rhamnolipids present in the biofilm. 24883432 3 72 theme planktonic 889:898 arg1 cultures 900:907 planktonic cultures 889:907 planktonic cultures 889:907 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms show dramatic differences in molecular composition compared to planktonic cultures. 24883432 0 73 theme desorption 97:106 arg1 spectrometry 124:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 2 74 theme ionization 547:556 arg1 spectrometry 563:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 514:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) 514:585 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 74 theme ionization 547:556 arg1 MS 583:584 MALDI MS 577:584 MALDI MS 577:584 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 0 75 theme mass 119:122 arg1 spectrometry 124:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 66:135 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 8 76 theme compositional 1649:1661 arg1 differences 1663:1673 several compositional differences 1641:1673 several compositional differences 1641:1673 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 6 77 theme LDI 1235:1237 arg1 MS 1239:1240 LDI MS 1235:1240 LDI MS 1235:1240 LDI MS was applied in turn to identify the rhamnolipids present in the biofilm. 24883432 5 78 theme secreted 1216:1223 arg1 proteins 1225:1232 secreted proteins 1216:1232 secreted proteins 1216:1232 In contrast, biofilm spectra are dominated by bands characteristic of glycolipids - rhamnolipids - polysaccharides and by secreted proteins. 24883432 1 79 theme planktonic 240:249 arg1 cells 251:255 planktonic cells 240:255 planktonic cells 240:255 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 2 80 theme MALDI 577:581 arg1 spectrometry 563:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 514:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) 514:585 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 80 theme MALDI 577:581 arg1 MS 583:584 MALDI MS 577:584 MALDI MS 577:584 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 8 81 theme CRM 1472:1474 arg1 analyses 1487:1494 CRM and LDI MS analyses 1472:1494 analyses 1487:1494 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 9 82 theme planktonic 1844:1853 arg1 conditions 1874:1883 planktonic and biofilm growth conditions 1844:1883 planktonic and biofilm growth conditions 1844:1883 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 1 83 dep they 395:398 arg1 secrete 400:406 secrete 400:406 secrete 400:406 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 3 84 from differences 840:850 arg1 composition 865:875 molecular composition 855:875 molecular composition 855:875 Three-day old P. aeruginosa biofilms show dramatic differences in molecular composition compared to planktonic cultures. 24883432 8 85 theme LDI 1480:1482 arg1 analyses 1487:1494 CRM and LDI MS analyses 1472:1494 analyses 1487:1494 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 2 86 theme chemical 428:435 arg1 features 437:444 The structural and chemical features 409:444 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms 409:471 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 9 87 theme functioning 1958:1968 arg1 sensing 1977:1983 functioning quorum sensing 1958:1983 functioning quorum sensing machinery 1958:1993 CRM vibrational spectra of the mutant cells are very similar for planktonic and biofilm growth conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is greatly hindered in the absence of functioning quorum sensing machinery. 24883432 0 88 theme biofilms 47:54 arg1 organization 8:19 Spatial organization 0:19 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms 0:54 Spatial organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms probed by combined matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and confocal Raman microscopy. 24883432 2 89 theme laser 530:534 arg1 spectrometry 563:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry 514:574 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) 514:585 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 89 theme laser 530:534 arg1 MS 583:584 MALDI MS 577:584 MALDI MS 577:584 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 8 90 theme biofilm 1708:1714 arg1 growth 1716:1721 biofilm growth 1708:1721 biofilm growth 1708:1721 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 8 91 theme molecular 1516:1524 arg1 composition 1526:1536 molecular composition 1516:1536 molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells 1516:1585 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 1 92 theme extracellular 360:372 arg1 substances 384:393 the extracellular polymeric substances 356:393 the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete 356:406 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 7 93 theme quorum 1380:1385 arg1 incapable 1435:1443 incapable 1435:1443 incapable 1435:1443 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 7 93 theme quorum 1380:1385 arg1 ΔlasIΔrhlI 1413:1422 ΔlasIΔrhlI 1413:1422 ΔlasIΔrhlI 1413:1422 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 7 93 theme quorum 1380:1385 arg1 mutant 1405:1410 an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant 1353:1410 an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI) 1353:1423 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 8 94 theme complete 1734:1741 arg1 absence 1743:1749 complete absence 1734:1749 complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids 1734:1776 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 1 95 theme important 268:276 arg1 traits 278:283 several important traits 260:283 several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete 260:406 Bacteria growing as surface attached biofilms differ significantly from planktonic cells in several important traits that are reflected in the spatiotemporal organization of the cells and the extracellular polymeric substances they secrete. 24883432 5 96 theme biofilm 1107:1113 arg1 spectra 1115:1121 biofilm spectra 1107:1121 biofilm spectra 1107:1121 In contrast, biofilm spectra are dominated by bands characteristic of glycolipids - rhamnolipids - polysaccharides and by secreted proteins. 24883432 7 97 theme homoserine 1361:1370 arg1 lactone 1372:1378 acyl homoserine lactone 1356:1378 an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI) 1353:1423 Experiments were also conducted using an acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing-deficient mutant (ΔlasIΔrhlI), which is incapable of producing rhamnolipids. 24883432 2 98 located found 709:713 arg2 biomolecules 696:707 biomolecules 696:707 biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa 696:786 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 98 located found 709:713 arg1 cells 742:746 planktonic cells 731:746 planktonic cells 731:746 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 2 98 located found 709:713 arg1 biofilms 718:725 biofilms 718:725 biofilms 718:725 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 24883432 8 99 theme planktonic 1545:1554 arg1 cells 1581:1585 the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells 1541:1585 the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells 1541:1585 CRM and LDI MS analyses revealed that while molecular composition of the planktonic quorum sensing-deficient cells is similar to that of the wild-type planktonic cells, several compositional differences are observed in the mutant after biofilm growth, including complete absence of detectable rhamnolipids. 24883432 2 100 theme structural 413:422 arg1 features 437:444 The structural and chemical features 409:444 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms 409:471 The structural and chemical features that define these biofilms are explored here using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and confocal Raman microspectroscopies (CRM) to characterize and compare the composition and distribution of biomolecules found in biofilms and planktonic cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 25921788 7 0 theme relative 1243:1250 arg1 expression 1252:1261 The relative expression 1239:1261 The relative expression of corresponding genes during dormancy and sprouting 1239:1314 The relative expression of corresponding genes during dormancy and sprouting were also determined. 25921788 9 1 with consistent 1690:1699 arg1 role 1710:1713 the role 1706:1713 the role of this regulator in promoting cell elongation and plant growth 1706:1777 Concomitantly, higher IAA concentrations were consistent with the role of this regulator in promoting cell elongation and plant growth. 25921788 1 2 theme organs 264:269 arg1 senescence 243:252 senescence 243:252 senescence of aerial organs in winter 243:279 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 1 2 theme organs 264:269 arg1 regrowth 296:303 subsequent regrowth 285:303 subsequent regrowth 285:303 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 12 3 theme oligosaccharides 2635:2650 arg1 accumulation 2619:2630 accumulation 2619:2630 accumulation of oligosaccharides as osmolytes 2619:2663 Endogenous hormone concentrations seem to be related to regulation of fructan metabolism and to the transition between phenophases, signalling for energy storage, reserve mobilization and accumulation of oligosaccharides as osmolytes. 25921788 12 3 theme oligosaccharides 2635:2650 arg1 storage 2585:2591 energy storage 2578:2591 energy storage 2578:2591 Endogenous hormone concentrations seem to be related to regulation of fructan metabolism and to the transition between phenophases, signalling for energy storage, reserve mobilization and accumulation of oligosaccharides as osmolytes. 25921788 12 3 theme oligosaccharides 2635:2650 arg1 mobilization 2602:2613 reserve mobilization 2594:2613 reserve mobilization 2594:2613 Endogenous hormone concentrations seem to be related to regulation of fructan metabolism and to the transition between phenophases, signalling for energy storage, reserve mobilization and accumulation of oligosaccharides as osmolytes. 25921788 3 4 theme temporal 558:565 arg1 distribution 567:578 a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution 529:578 a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution in the rhizophores during the developmental cycle 529:628 Fructans and fructan-metabolizing enzymes show a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution in the rhizophores during the developmental cycle. 25921788 11 5 theme synthesis 2360:2368 arg1 action 2314:2319 the co-ordinated action 2297:2319 the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis 2297:2368 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 3 6 theme spatial 546:552 arg1 distribution 567:578 a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution 529:578 a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution in the rhizophores during the developmental cycle 529:628 Fructans and fructan-metabolizing enzymes show a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution in the rhizophores during the developmental cycle. 25921788 1 7 theme Brazilian 188:196 arg1 Cerrado 198:204 the Brazilian Cerrado 184:204 the Brazilian Cerrado 184:204 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 10 8 theme high 1817:1820 arg1 temperatures 1822:1833 high temperatures 1817:1833 high temperatures in summer 1817:1843 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 2 9 theme reserve 348:354 arg1 organs 356:361 The underground reserve organs 332:361 The underground reserve organs 332:361 The underground reserve organs, the rhizophores, accumulate inulin-type fructans, which are known to confer tolerance to drought and low temperature. 25921788 2 9 theme reserve 348:354 arg1 rhizophores 368:378 the rhizophores 364:378 the rhizophores 364:378 The underground reserve organs, the rhizophores, accumulate inulin-type fructans, which are known to confer tolerance to drought and low temperature. 25921788 8 10 from sprouting 1440:1448 arg1 segments 1462:1469 proximal segments 1453:1469 proximal segments of the rhizophores 1453:1488 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 1 11 theme seasonal 216:223 arg1 growth 225:230 seasonal growth 216:230 seasonal growth 216:230 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 9 12 theme cell 1746:1749 arg1 elongation 1751:1760 cell elongation 1746:1760 cell elongation 1746:1760 Concomitantly, higher IAA concentrations were consistent with the role of this regulator in promoting cell elongation and plant growth. 25921788 0 13 from cycle 96:100 arg1 obovata 117:123 Chrysolaena obovata 105:123 Chrysolaena obovata 105:123 Endogenous hormone concentrations correlate with fructan metabolism throughout the phenological cycle in Chrysolaena obovata. 25921788 11 14 theme C. 2378:2379 arg1 obovata 2381:2387 C. obovata 2378:2387 C. obovata 2378:2387 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 4 15 theme abscisic 680:687 arg1 ABA 695:697 ABA 695:697 ABA 695:697 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 4 15 theme abscisic 680:687 arg1 acid 689:692 abscisic acid 680:692 abscisic acid (ABA) 680:698 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 12 16 theme hormone 2442:2448 arg1 concentrations 2450:2463 Endogenous hormone concentrations 2431:2463 Endogenous hormone concentrations 2431:2463 Endogenous hormone concentrations seem to be related to regulation of fructan metabolism and to the transition between phenophases, signalling for energy storage, reserve mobilization and accumulation of oligosaccharides as osmolytes. 25921788 4 17 from mechanism 802:810 arg1 species 864:870 this species 859:870 this species 859:870 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 5 18 theme Adult 898:902 arg1 plants 904:909 Adult plants 898:909 Adult plants 898:909 METHODS Adult plants were sampled from the field across phenological phases including dormancy, sprouting and vegetative growth. 25921788 10 19 theme sucrose 1878:1884 arg1 EC 1918:1919 EC 2.4.1.99 1918:1928 EC 2.4.1.99 1918:1928 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 10 19 theme sucrose 1878:1884 arg1 1-fructosyltransferase 1894:1915 the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase 1846:1915 the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) 1846:1929 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 8 20 theme KEY 1338:1340 arg1 RESULTS 1342:1348 KEY RESULTS 1338:1348 KEY RESULTS Plants 1338:1355 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 10 21 theme vegetative 2047:2056 arg1 stage 2058:2062 the vegetative stage 2043:2062 the vegetative stage 2043:2062 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 1 22 theme season 324:329 arg1 end 312:314 the end 308:314 the end of this season 308:329 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 10 23 theme fructan-synthesizing 1850:1869 arg1 EC 1918:1919 EC 2.4.1.99 1918:1928 EC 2.4.1.99 1918:1928 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 10 23 theme fructan-synthesizing 1850:1869 arg1 1-fructosyltransferase 1894:1915 the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase 1846:1915 the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) 1846:1929 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 8 24 theme fructan 1518:1524 arg1 reserves 1526:1533 fructan reserves 1518:1533 fructan reserves 1518:1533 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 10 25 from temperatures 1822:1833 arg1 summer 1838:1843 summer 1838:1843 summer 1838:1843 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 0 26 theme Chrysolaena 105:115 arg1 obovata 117:123 Chrysolaena obovata 105:123 Chrysolaena obovata 105:123 Endogenous hormone concentrations correlate with fructan metabolism throughout the phenological cycle in Chrysolaena obovata. 25921788 5 27 theme phenological 946:957 arg1 sprouting 986:994 sprouting 986:994 sprouting 986:994 METHODS Adult plants were sampled from the field across phenological phases including dormancy, sprouting and vegetative growth. 25921788 5 27 theme phenological 946:957 arg1 growth 1011:1016 vegetative growth 1000:1016 vegetative growth 1000:1016 METHODS Adult plants were sampled from the field across phenological phases including dormancy, sprouting and vegetative growth. 25921788 5 27 theme phenological 946:957 arg1 dormancy 976:983 dormancy 976:983 dormancy 976:983 METHODS Adult plants were sampled from the field across phenological phases including dormancy, sprouting and vegetative growth. 25921788 5 27 theme phenological 946:957 arg1 phases 959:964 phenological phases 946:964 phenological phases including dormancy, sprouting and vegetative growth 946:1016 METHODS Adult plants were sampled from the field across phenological phases including dormancy, sprouting and vegetative growth. 25921788 11 28 theme co-ordinated 2301:2312 arg1 action 2314:2319 the co-ordinated action 2297:2319 the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis 2297:2368 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 8 29 theme ABA 1541:1543 arg1 concentrations 1545:1558 ABA concentrations 1541:1558 ABA concentrations 1541:1558 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 8 30 theme fructan 1371:1377 arg1 EC 1395:1396 EC 3.2.1.153 1395:1406 EC 3.2.1.153 1395:1406 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 8 30 theme fructan 1371:1377 arg1 1-exohydrolase 1379:1392 a high fructan 1-exohydrolase 1364:1392 a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity 1364:1416 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 2 31 theme inulin-type 392:402 arg1 fructans 404:411 inulin-type fructans 392:411 inulin-type fructans 392:411 The underground reserve organs, the rhizophores, accumulate inulin-type fructans, which are known to confer tolerance to drought and low temperature. 25921788 11 32 theme environmental 2258:2270 arg1 changes 2272:2278 environmental changes 2258:2278 environmental changes 2258:2278 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 11 33 theme endogenous 2220:2229 arg1 concentrations 2239:2252 endogenous hormone concentrations 2220:2252 endogenous hormone concentrations 2220:2252 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 0 34 theme Endogenous 0:9 arg1 concentrations 19:32 Endogenous hormone concentrations 0:32 Endogenous hormone concentrations 0:32 Endogenous hormone concentrations correlate with fructan metabolism throughout the phenological cycle in Chrysolaena obovata. 25921788 6 35 theme IAA 1056:1058 arg1 concentrations 1030:1043 Endogenous concentrations 1019:1043 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA 1019:1058 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 10 36 theme high 1785:1788 arg1 rates 1790:1794 high rates 1785:1794 high rates of precipitation 1785:1811 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 6 37 theme ABA 1048:1050 arg1 concentrations 1030:1043 Endogenous concentrations 1019:1043 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA 1019:1058 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 2 38 theme low 465:467 arg1 temperature 469:479 low temperature 465:479 low temperature 465:479 The underground reserve organs, the rhizophores, accumulate inulin-type fructans, which are known to confer tolerance to drought and low temperature. 25921788 8 39 dep RESULTS 1342:1348 arg1 Plants 1350:1355 Plants 1350:1355 KEY RESULTS Plants 1338:1355 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 12 40 theme metabolism 2509:2518 arg1 regulation 2487:2496 regulation 2487:2496 regulation of fructan metabolism 2487:2518 Endogenous hormone concentrations seem to be related to regulation of fructan metabolism and to the transition between phenophases, signalling for energy storage, reserve mobilization and accumulation of oligosaccharides as osmolytes. 25921788 10 41 theme sucrose 1886:1892 arg1 EC 1918:1919 EC 2.4.1.99 1918:1928 EC 2.4.1.99 1918:1928 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 10 41 theme sucrose 1886:1892 arg1 1-fructosyltransferase 1894:1915 the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase 1846:1915 the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) 1846:1929 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 2 42 theme underground 336:346 arg1 organs 356:361 The underground reserve organs 332:361 The underground reserve organs 332:361 The underground reserve organs, the rhizophores, accumulate inulin-type fructans, which are known to confer tolerance to drought and low temperature. 25921788 2 42 theme underground 336:346 arg1 rhizophores 368:378 the rhizophores 364:378 the rhizophores 364:378 The underground reserve organs, the rhizophores, accumulate inulin-type fructans, which are known to confer tolerance to drought and low temperature. 25921788 11 43 theme field 2413:2417 arg1 conditions 2419:2428 unfavourable field conditions 2400:2428 unfavourable field conditions 2400:2428 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 9 44 theme higher 1659:1664 arg1 concentrations 1670:1683 higher IAA concentrations 1659:1683 higher IAA concentrations 1659:1683 Concomitantly, higher IAA concentrations were consistent with the role of this regulator in promoting cell elongation and plant growth. 25921788 6 45 theme spectrometry-selected 1114:1134 arg1 GC-MS-SIM 1079:1087 GC-MS-SIM 1079:1087 GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring) 1079:1150 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 6 45 theme spectrometry-selected 1114:1134 arg1 monitoring 1140:1149 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring 1090:1149 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring 1090:1149 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 8 46 theme minimum 1628:1634 arg1 values 1636:1641 their minimum values 1622:1641 their minimum values 1622:1641 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 8 47 theme proximal 1453:1460 arg1 segments 1462:1469 proximal segments 1453:1469 proximal segments of the rhizophores 1453:1488 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 7 48 theme corresponding 1266:1278 arg1 genes 1280:1284 corresponding genes 1266:1284 corresponding genes 1266:1284 The relative expression of corresponding genes during dormancy and sprouting were also determined. 25921788 3 49 theme fructan-metabolizing 495:514 arg1 enzymes 516:522 fructan-metabolizing enzymes 495:522 fructan-metabolizing enzymes 495:522 Fructans and fructan-metabolizing enzymes show a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution in the rhizophores during the developmental cycle. 25921788 1 50 theme aerial 257:262 arg1 organs 264:269 aerial organs 257:269 aerial organs 257:269 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 4 51 theme sprouting 846:854 arg1 beginning 820:828 the beginning 816:828 the beginning of dormancy and sprouting 816:854 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 6 52 theme fructan 1183:1189 arg1 content 1191:1197 fructan content 1183:1197 fructan content 1183:1197 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 11 53 theme hormone 2352:2358 arg1 synthesis 2360:2368 hormone synthesis 2352:2368 hormone synthesis 2352:2368 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 1 54 from regrowth 296:303 arg1 winter 274:279 winter 274:279 winter 274:279 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 3 55 theme characteristic 531:544 arg1 distribution 567:578 a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution 529:578 a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution in the rhizophores during the developmental cycle 529:628 Fructans and fructan-metabolizing enzymes show a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution in the rhizophores during the developmental cycle. 25921788 11 56 theme metabolism 2337:2346 arg1 action 2314:2319 the co-ordinated action 2297:2319 the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis 2297:2368 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 11 57 dep CONCLUSIONS 2146:2156 arg1 show 2170:2173 show 2170:2173 show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions 2170:2428 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 10 58 theme distal 1972:1977 arg1 segments 1979:1986 distal segments 1972:1986 distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher 1972:2098 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 1 59 theme Cerrado 198:204 arg1 obovata 158:164 Chrysolaena obovata 146:164 Chrysolaena obovata 146:164 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 1 59 theme Cerrado 198:204 arg1 Asteraceae 170:179 an Asteraceae 167:179 an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado 167:204 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 11 60 theme fructan 2180:2186 arg1 metabolism 2188:2197 fructan metabolism 2180:2197 fructan metabolism 2180:2197 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 12 61 theme Endogenous 2431:2440 arg1 concentrations 2450:2463 Endogenous hormone concentrations 2431:2463 Endogenous hormone concentrations 2431:2463 Endogenous hormone concentrations seem to be related to regulation of fructan metabolism and to the transition between phenophases, signalling for energy storage, reserve mobilization and accumulation of oligosaccharides as osmolytes. 25921788 10 62 theme rhizophores 1995:2005 arg1 segments 1979:1986 distal segments 1972:1986 distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher 1972:2098 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 9 63 theme regulator 1723:1731 arg1 role 1710:1713 the role 1706:1713 the role of this regulator in promoting cell elongation and plant growth 1706:1777 Concomitantly, higher IAA concentrations were consistent with the role of this regulator in promoting cell elongation and plant growth. 25921788 3 64 theme developmental 610:622 arg1 cycle 624:628 the developmental cycle 606:628 the developmental cycle 606:628 Fructans and fructan-metabolizing enzymes show a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution in the rhizophores during the developmental cycle. 25921788 8 65 theme rhizophores 1478:1488 arg1 segments 1462:1469 proximal segments 1453:1469 proximal segments of the rhizophores 1453:1488 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 1 66 from senescence 243:252 arg1 winter 274:279 winter 274:279 winter 274:279 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 9 67 theme plant 1766:1770 arg1 growth 1772:1777 plant growth 1766:1777 plant growth 1766:1777 Concomitantly, higher IAA concentrations were consistent with the role of this regulator in promoting cell elongation and plant growth. 25921788 6 68 theme enzyme 1220:1225 arg1 activities 1227:1236 enzyme activities 1220:1236 enzyme activities 1220:1236 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 3 69 from distribution 567:578 arg1 rhizophores 587:597 the rhizophores 583:597 the rhizophores 583:597 Fructans and fructan-metabolizing enzymes show a characteristic spatial and temporal distribution in the rhizophores during the developmental cycle. 25921788 12 70 theme reserve 2594:2600 arg1 mobilization 2602:2613 reserve mobilization 2594:2613 reserve mobilization 2594:2613 Endogenous hormone concentrations seem to be related to regulation of fructan metabolism and to the transition between phenophases, signalling for energy storage, reserve mobilization and accumulation of oligosaccharides as osmolytes. 25921788 1 71 theme Chrysolaena 146:156 arg1 obovata 158:164 Chrysolaena obovata 146:164 Chrysolaena obovata 146:164 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 1 71 theme Chrysolaena 146:156 arg1 Asteraceae 170:179 an Asteraceae 167:179 an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado 167:204 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 6 72 theme Endogenous 1019:1028 arg1 concentrations 1030:1043 Endogenous concentrations 1019:1043 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA 1019:1058 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 10 73 theme stage 2058:2062 arg1 course 2033:2038 the course 2029:2038 the course of the vegetative stage 2029:2062 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 0 74 theme phenological 83:94 arg1 cycle 96:100 the phenological cycle 79:100 the phenological cycle in Chrysolaena obovata 79:123 Endogenous hormone concentrations correlate with fructan metabolism throughout the phenological cycle in Chrysolaena obovata. 25921788 10 75 theme enzyme 1871:1876 arg1 EC 1918:1919 EC 2.4.1.99 1918:1928 EC 2.4.1.99 1918:1928 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 10 75 theme enzyme 1871:1876 arg1 1-fructosyltransferase 1894:1915 the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase 1846:1915 the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) 1846:1929 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 10 76 from rates 1790:1794 arg1 summer 1838:1843 summer 1838:1843 summer 1838:1843 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 8 77 theme reserves 1526:1533 arg1 mobilization 1502:1513 mobilization 1502:1513 mobilization 1502:1513 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 1 78 dep BACKGROUND 126:135 arg1 presents 207:214 presents 207:214 presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season 207:329 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 11 79 theme carbohydrate 2324:2335 arg1 metabolism 2337:2346 carbohydrate metabolism 2324:2346 carbohydrate metabolism 2324:2346 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 4 80 theme acetic 710:715 arg1 IAA 723:725 IAA 723:725 IAA 723:725 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 4 80 theme acetic 710:715 arg1 acid 717:720 indole acetic acid 703:720 indole acetic acid (IAA) 703:726 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 10 81 theme precipitation 1799:1811 arg1 rates 1790:1794 high rates 1785:1794 high rates of precipitation 1785:1811 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 10 81 theme precipitation 1799:1811 arg1 temperatures 1822:1833 high temperatures 1817:1833 high temperatures in summer 1817:1843 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 7 82 theme genes 1280:1284 arg1 expression 1252:1261 The relative expression 1239:1261 The relative expression of corresponding genes during dormancy and sprouting 1239:1314 The relative expression of corresponding genes during dormancy and sprouting were also determined. 25921788 10 83 theme ABA 2069:2071 arg1 concentrations 2073:2086 ABA concentrations 2069:2086 ABA concentrations 2069:2086 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 8 84 theme high 1366:1369 arg1 EC 1395:1396 EC 3.2.1.153 1395:1406 EC 3.2.1.153 1395:1406 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 8 84 theme high 1366:1369 arg1 1-exohydrolase 1379:1392 a high fructan 1-exohydrolase 1364:1392 a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity 1364:1416 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 0 85 theme hormone 11:17 arg1 concentrations 19:32 Endogenous hormone concentrations 0:32 Endogenous hormone concentrations 0:32 Endogenous hormone concentrations correlate with fructan metabolism throughout the phenological cycle in Chrysolaena obovata. 25921788 11 86 theme hormone 2231:2237 arg1 concentrations 2239:2252 endogenous hormone concentrations 2220:2252 endogenous hormone concentrations 2220:2252 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 8 87 theme 1-exohydrolase 1379:1392 arg1 activity 1409:1416 a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity 1364:1416 a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity 1364:1416 KEY RESULTS Plants showed a high fructan 1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153) activity and expression during sprouting in proximal segments of the rhizophores, indicating mobilization of fructan reserves, when ABA concentrations were relatively low and precipitation and temperature were at their minimum values. 25921788 1 88 theme subsequent 285:294 arg1 regrowth 296:303 subsequent regrowth 285:303 subsequent regrowth 285:303 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chrysolaena obovata, an Asteraceae of the Brazilian Cerrado, presents seasonal growth, marked by senescence of aerial organs in winter and subsequent regrowth at the end of this season. 25921788 5 89 dep METHODS 890:896 arg1 sampled 916:922 sampled 916:922 were sampled from the field across phenological phases including dormancy, sprouting and vegetative growth 911:1016 METHODS Adult plants were sampled from the field across phenological phases including dormancy, sprouting and vegetative growth. 25921788 12 90 theme energy 2578:2583 arg1 storage 2585:2591 energy storage 2578:2591 energy storage 2578:2591 Endogenous hormone concentrations seem to be related to regulation of fructan metabolism and to the transition between phenophases, signalling for energy storage, reserve mobilization and accumulation of oligosaccharides as osmolytes. 25921788 0 91 theme fructan 49:55 arg1 metabolism 57:66 fructan metabolism 49:66 fructan metabolism 49:66 Endogenous hormone concentrations correlate with fructan metabolism throughout the phenological cycle in Chrysolaena obovata. 25921788 5 92 theme vegetative 1000:1009 arg1 growth 1011:1016 vegetative growth 1000:1016 vegetative growth 1000:1016 METHODS Adult plants were sampled from the field across phenological phases including dormancy, sprouting and vegetative growth. 25921788 4 93 theme indole 703:708 arg1 IAA 723:725 IAA 723:725 IAA 723:725 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 4 93 theme indole 703:708 arg1 acid 717:720 indole acetic acid 703:720 indole acetic acid (IAA) 703:726 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 4 94 theme signalling 791:800 arg1 unknown 881:887 unknown 881:887 unknown 881:887 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 4 94 theme signalling 791:800 arg1 mechanism 802:810 the signalling mechanism 787:810 the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species 787:870 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 4 95 theme dormancy 833:840 arg1 beginning 820:828 the beginning 816:828 the beginning of dormancy and sprouting 816:854 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 10 96 theme higher 1938:1943 arg1 activity 1945:1952 higher activity 1938:1952 higher activity 1938:1952 With high rates of precipitation and high temperatures in summer, the fructan-synthesizing enzyme sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) showed higher activity and expression in distal segments of the rhizophores, which decreased over the course of the vegetative stage when ABA concentrations were higher, possibly signalling the entry into dormancy. 25921788 6 97 theme ion 1136:1138 arg1 GC-MS-SIM 1079:1087 GC-MS-SIM 1079:1087 GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring) 1079:1150 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 6 97 theme ion 1136:1138 arg1 monitoring 1140:1149 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring 1090:1149 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring 1090:1149 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 4 98 theme Previous 631:638 arg1 studies 640:646 Previous studies 631:646 Previous studies 631:646 Previous studies have shown correlations between abscisic acid (ABA) or indole acetic acid (IAA), fructans, dormancy and tolerance to drought and cold, but the signalling mechanism for the beginning of dormancy and sprouting in this species is still unknown. 25921788 6 99 theme gas 1090:1092 arg1 GC-MS-SIM 1079:1087 GC-MS-SIM 1079:1087 GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring) 1079:1150 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 6 99 theme gas 1090:1092 arg1 monitoring 1140:1149 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring 1090:1149 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring 1090:1149 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 9 100 theme IAA 1666:1668 arg1 concentrations 1670:1683 higher IAA concentrations 1659:1683 higher IAA concentrations 1659:1683 Concomitantly, higher IAA concentrations were consistent with the role of this regulator in promoting cell elongation and plant growth. 25921788 6 101 theme chromatography-mass 1094:1112 arg1 GC-MS-SIM 1079:1087 GC-MS-SIM 1079:1087 GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring) 1079:1150 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 6 101 theme chromatography-mass 1094:1112 arg1 monitoring 1140:1149 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring 1090:1149 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring 1090:1149 Endogenous concentrations of ABA and IAA were determined by GC-MS-SIM (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring), and measurements were made of fructan content and composition, and enzyme activities. 25921788 11 102 theme unfavourable 2400:2411 arg1 conditions 2419:2428 unfavourable field conditions 2400:2428 unfavourable field conditions 2400:2428 CONCLUSIONS The results show that fructan metabolism correlates well with endogenous hormone concentrations and environmental changes, suggesting that the co-ordinated action of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis enables C. obovata to survive unfavourable field conditions. 25921788 12 103 theme fructan 2501:2507 arg1 metabolism 2509:2518 fructan metabolism 2501:2518 fructan metabolism 2501:2518 Endogenous hormone concentrations seem to be related to regulation of fructan metabolism and to the transition between phenophases, signalling for energy storage, reserve mobilization and accumulation of oligosaccharides as osmolytes. 24721057 4 0 theme model 639:643 arg1 drugs 645:649 tinidazole model drugs 628:649 tinidazole model drugs 628:649 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs were studied with these hydrogels. 24721057 2 1 theme crosslinked 329:339 arg1 gel 358:360 the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel 325:360 the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel 325:360 During polymerization CS was incorporated in situ in the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel to produce composite hydrogels. 24721057 0 2 from chitosan 55:62 arg1 release 11:17 Controlled release 0:17 Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan 0:62 Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan based composite hydrogels. 24721057 6 3 theme release 818:824 arg1 faster 859:864 faster 859:864 faster 859:864 Accordingly, the release rate of these two drugs was much faster at pH of 7.6 than at pH 1.5. 24721057 6 3 theme release 818:824 arg1 rate 826:829 the release rate 814:829 the release rate of these two drugs 814:848 Accordingly, the release rate of these two drugs was much faster at pH of 7.6 than at pH 1.5. 24721057 1 4 theme acrylic 182:188 arg1 AA 196:197 AA 196:197 AA 196:197 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 1 4 theme acrylic 182:188 arg1 acid 190:193 acrylic acid 182:193 acrylic acid (AA) 182:198 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 6 5 theme 7.6 875:877 arg1 pH 869:870 pH 869:870 pH of 7.6 869:877 Accordingly, the release rate of these two drugs was much faster at pH of 7.6 than at pH 1.5. 24721057 1 6 theme Several 91:97 arg1 hydrogels 109:117 Several composite hydrogels 91:117 Several composite hydrogels 91:117 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 2 7 link crosslinked 329:339 arg1 gel 358:360 the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel 325:360 the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel 325:360 During polymerization CS was incorporated in situ in the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel to produce composite hydrogels. 24721057 1 8 theme chitosan 257:264 arg1 presence 245:252 the presence 241:252 the presence of chitosan (CS) 241:269 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 4 9 theme drugs 645:649 arg1 behaviours 597:606 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours 560:606 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs 560:649 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs were studied with these hydrogels. 24721057 1 10 theme N' 204:205 arg1 MBA 233:235 MBA 233:235 MBA 233:235 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 1 10 theme N' 204:205 arg1 bis-acrylamide 217:230 N' methylene bis-acrylamide 204:230 N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) 204:236 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 1 11 theme acid 190:193 arg1 copolymerization 162:177 free radical crosslink copolymerization 139:177 free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) 139:236 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 5 12 theme wt 690:691 arg1 CS 697:698 CS 697:698 CS 697:698 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 12 theme wt 690:691 arg1 % 692:692 The wt% 686:692 The wt% of CS 686:698 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 12 theme wt 690:691 arg1 medium 722:727 the medium 718:727 the medium 718:727 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 13 theme medium 722:727 arg1 CS 697:698 CS 697:698 CS 697:698 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 13 theme medium 722:727 arg1 % 692:692 The wt% 686:692 The wt% of CS 686:698 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 13 theme medium 722:727 arg1 pH 712:713 pH 712:713 pH 712:713 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 13 theme medium 722:727 arg1 medium 722:727 the medium 718:727 the medium 718:727 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 13 theme medium 722:727 arg1 MBA 704:706 MBA 704:706 MBA 704:706 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 3 14 theme diffusion 506:514 arg1 characteristic 516:529 diffusion characteristic 506:529 diffusion characteristic 506:529 The structure and properties of the hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, (13)C NMR, DTA-TGA, XRD, swelling and diffusion characteristic and also network parameters. 24721057 4 15 theme release 589:595 arg1 behaviours 597:606 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours 560:606 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs 560:649 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs were studied with these hydrogels. 24721057 0 16 theme Controlled 0:9 arg1 release 11:17 Controlled release 0:17 Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan 0:62 Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan based composite hydrogels. 24721057 3 17 dep structure 398:406 arg1 The 394:396 The 394:396 The 394:396 The structure and properties of the hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, (13)C NMR, DTA-TGA, XRD, swelling and diffusion characteristic and also network parameters. 24721057 5 18 theme release 770:776 arg1 behaviour 778:786 the drug release behaviour 761:786 the drug release behaviour of the gels 761:798 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 1 19 theme composite 99:107 arg1 hydrogels 109:117 Several composite hydrogels 91:117 Several composite hydrogels 91:117 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 4 20 theme theophylline 611:622 arg1 behaviours 597:606 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours 560:606 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs 560:649 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs were studied with these hydrogels. 24721057 0 21 theme tinidazole 22:31 arg1 release 11:17 Controlled release 0:17 Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan 0:62 Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan based composite hydrogels. 24721057 4 22 theme in 580:581 arg1 release 589:595 the in vitro release 576:595 the in vitro release 576:595 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs were studied with these hydrogels. 24721057 3 23 theme C 472:472 arg1 NMR 474:476 (13)C NMR 468:476 (13)C NMR 468:476 The structure and properties of the hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, (13)C NMR, DTA-TGA, XRD, swelling and diffusion characteristic and also network parameters. 24721057 1 24 theme crosslink 152:160 arg1 copolymerization 162:177 free radical crosslink copolymerization 139:177 free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) 139:236 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 0 25 theme theophylline 37:48 arg1 release 11:17 Controlled release 0:17 Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan 0:62 Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan based composite hydrogels. 24721057 3 26 theme hydrogels 430:438 arg1 properties 412:421 properties 412:421 properties 412:421 The structure and properties of the hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, (13)C NMR, DTA-TGA, XRD, swelling and diffusion characteristic and also network parameters. 24721057 3 26 theme hydrogels 430:438 arg1 structure 398:406 structure 398:406 structure 398:406 The structure and properties of the hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, (13)C NMR, DTA-TGA, XRD, swelling and diffusion characteristic and also network parameters. 24721057 3 27 theme network 540:546 arg1 parameters 548:557 network parameters 540:557 network parameters 540:557 The structure and properties of the hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, (13)C NMR, DTA-TGA, XRD, swelling and diffusion characteristic and also network parameters. 24721057 1 28 theme methylene 207:215 arg1 MBA 233:235 MBA 233:235 MBA 233:235 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 1 28 theme methylene 207:215 arg1 bis-acrylamide 217:230 N' methylene bis-acrylamide 204:230 N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) 204:236 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 2 29 theme composite 373:381 arg1 hydrogels 383:391 composite hydrogels 373:391 composite hydrogels 373:391 During polymerization CS was incorporated in situ in the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel to produce composite hydrogels. 24721057 1 30 theme bis-acrylamide 217:230 arg1 copolymerization 162:177 free radical crosslink copolymerization 139:177 free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) 139:236 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 5 31 theme gels 795:798 arg1 behaviour 778:786 the drug release behaviour 761:786 the drug release behaviour of the gels 761:798 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 4 32 dep in 580:581 arg1 vitro 583:587 vitro 583:587 vitro 583:587 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs were studied with these hydrogels. 24721057 4 33 theme tinidazole 628:637 arg1 drugs 645:649 tinidazole model drugs 628:649 tinidazole model drugs 628:649 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs were studied with these hydrogels. 24721057 1 34 theme free 139:142 arg1 copolymerization 162:177 free radical crosslink copolymerization 139:177 free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) 139:236 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 1 35 theme radical 144:150 arg1 copolymerization 162:177 free radical crosslink copolymerization 139:177 free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) 139:236 Several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in the presence of chitosan (CS). 24721057 0 36 theme composite 70:78 arg1 hydrogels 80:88 composite hydrogels 70:88 composite hydrogels 70:88 Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan based composite hydrogels. 24721057 5 37 theme drug 765:768 arg1 behaviour 778:786 the drug release behaviour 761:786 the drug release behaviour of the gels 761:798 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 2 38 theme acid 353:356 arg1 gel 358:360 the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel 325:360 the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel 325:360 During polymerization CS was incorporated in situ in the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel to produce composite hydrogels. 24721057 5 39 theme CS 697:698 arg1 CS 697:698 CS 697:698 CS 697:698 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 39 theme CS 697:698 arg1 % 692:692 The wt% 686:692 The wt% of CS 686:698 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 39 theme CS 697:698 arg1 pH 712:713 pH 712:713 pH 712:713 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 39 theme CS 697:698 arg1 medium 722:727 the medium 718:727 the medium 718:727 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 5 39 theme CS 697:698 arg1 MBA 704:706 MBA 704:706 MBA 704:706 The wt% of CS and MBA and pH of the medium was found to strongly influence the drug release behaviour of the gels. 24721057 2 40 theme polyacrylic 341:351 arg1 gel 358:360 the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel 325:360 the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel 325:360 During polymerization CS was incorporated in situ in the crosslinked polyacrylic acid gel to produce composite hydrogels. 24721057 6 41 theme drugs 844:848 arg1 faster 859:864 faster 859:864 faster 859:864 Accordingly, the release rate of these two drugs was much faster at pH of 7.6 than at pH 1.5. 24721057 6 41 theme drugs 844:848 arg1 rate 826:829 the release rate 814:829 the release rate of these two drugs 814:848 Accordingly, the release rate of these two drugs was much faster at pH of 7.6 than at pH 1.5. 24721057 4 42 theme loading 564:570 arg1 behaviours 597:606 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours 560:606 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs 560:649 The loading and the in vitro release behaviours of theophylline and tinidazole model drugs were studied with these hydrogels. 28134274 8 0 from alterations 1627:1637 arg1 compositions 1661:1672 their biomolecular compositions 1642:1672 their biomolecular compositions 1642:1672 Thus the use of SPIONs provides a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments, with an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions. 28134274 2 1 theme distinct 364:371 arg1 compartments 385:396 distinct subcellular compartments 364:396 distinct subcellular compartments 364:396 We engineered SPIONs targeting distinct subcellular compartments. 28134274 1 2 theme therapeutic 236:246 arg1 products 248:255 therapeutic products 236:255 therapeutic products 236:255 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 5 3 theme Niemann-Pick 868:879 arg1 disease 881:887 Niemann-Pick disease 868:887 Niemann-Pick disease 868:887 We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. 28134274 7 4 theme transport 1388:1396 arg1 obstruction 1398:1408 vesicular transport obstruction 1378:1408 vesicular transport obstruction 1378:1408 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 4 5 theme membrane 645:652 arg1 compartments 654:665 these membrane compartments 639:665 these membrane compartments 639:665 These features allowed us to establish standardized magnetic isolation procedures for these membrane compartments with a yield and purity permitting proteomic and lipidomic profiling. 28134274 6 6 theme primary 995:1001 arg1 hallmark 1003:1010 a primary hallmark 993:1010 a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency 993:1029 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 6 6 theme primary 995:1001 arg1 accumulation 931:942 the accumulation 927:942 the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids 927:980 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 6 7 theme deficiency 1020:1029 arg1 hallmark 1003:1010 a primary hallmark 993:1010 a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency 993:1029 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 6 7 theme deficiency 1020:1029 arg1 accumulation 931:942 the accumulation 927:942 the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids 927:980 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 8 8 from advancement 1515:1525 arg1 compartments 1557:1568 fingerprinting subcellular compartments 1530:1568 fingerprinting subcellular compartments 1530:1568 Thus the use of SPIONs provides a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments, with an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions. 28134274 6 9 theme several 1080:1086 arg1 species 1088:1094 several species 1080:1094 several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids 1080:1143 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 5 10 theme plasma 823:828 arg1 membranes 830:838 plasma membranes 823:838 plasma membranes 823:838 We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. 28134274 8 11 theme SPIONs 1491:1496 arg1 use 1484:1486 the use 1480:1486 the use of SPIONs 1480:1496 Thus the use of SPIONs provides a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments, with an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions. 28134274 7 12 theme vesicular 1378:1386 arg1 obstruction 1398:1408 vesicular transport obstruction 1378:1408 vesicular transport obstruction 1378:1408 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 3 13 theme plasma 536:541 arg1 membrane 543:550 the plasma membrane 532:550 the plasma membrane 532:550 Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated SPIONs are internalized and accumulate in late endosomes/lysosomes, while aminolipid-SPIONs reside at the plasma membrane. 28134274 5 14 theme membranes 830:838 arg1 compositions 793:804 the biomolecular compositions 776:804 the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells 776:918 We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. 28134274 7 15 from alterations 1290:1300 arg1 proteins 1313:1320 several proteins 1305:1320 several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency 1305:1472 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 8 16 theme major 1509:1513 arg1 advancement 1515:1525 a major advancement 1507:1525 a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments 1507:1568 Thus the use of SPIONs provides a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments, with an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions. 28134274 6 17 theme cells 1196:1200 arg1 endosomes/lysosomes 1165:1183 selectively late endosomes/lysosomes 1148:1183 selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells 1148:1200 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 7 18 theme plasma 1213:1218 arg1 proteome 1229:1236 the plasma membrane proteome 1209:1236 the plasma membrane proteome 1209:1236 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 6 19 theme NPC1-KO 1188:1194 arg1 cells 1196:1200 NPC1-KO cells 1188:1200 NPC1-KO cells 1188:1200 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 3 20 theme acid-coated 418:428 arg1 SPIONs 430:435 Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated SPIONs 399:435 Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated SPIONs 399:435 Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated SPIONs are internalized and accumulate in late endosomes/lysosomes, while aminolipid-SPIONs reside at the plasma membrane. 28134274 7 21 theme lysosomal 1346:1354 arg1 catabolism 1356:1365 lysosomal catabolism 1346:1365 lysosomal catabolism 1346:1365 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 7 22 theme lysosomal 1424:1432 arg1 turnover 1434:1441 defective lysosomal turnover 1414:1441 defective lysosomal turnover 1414:1441 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 7 23 theme several 1305:1311 arg1 proteins 1313:1320 several proteins 1305:1320 several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency 1305:1472 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 1 24 from use 270:272 arg1 isolation 299:307 subcellular organelle isolation 277:307 subcellular organelle isolation 277:307 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 3 25 theme late 472:475 arg1 endosomes/lysosomes 477:495 late endosomes/lysosomes 472:495 late endosomes/lysosomes 472:495 Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated SPIONs are internalized and accumulate in late endosomes/lysosomes, while aminolipid-SPIONs reside at the plasma membrane. 28134274 5 26 theme deficient 904:912 arg1 cells 914:918 type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells 889:918 type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells 889:918 We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. 28134274 4 27 theme isolation 614:622 arg1 procedures 624:633 standardized magnetic isolation procedures 592:633 standardized magnetic isolation procedures for these membrane compartments 592:665 These features allowed us to establish standardized magnetic isolation procedures for these membrane compartments with a yield and purity permitting proteomic and lipidomic profiling. 28134274 0 28 theme deficiency 115:124 arg1 case 102:105 the case 98:105 the case of NPC1 deficiency 98:124 A novel approach to analyze lysosomal dysfunctions through subcellular proteomics and lipidomics: the case of NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 0 29 dep analyze 20:26 arg1 case 102:105 the case 98:105 the case of NPC1 deficiency 98:124 A novel approach to analyze lysosomal dysfunctions through subcellular proteomics and lipidomics: the case of NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 8 30 theme subcellular 1545:1555 arg1 compartments 1557:1568 fingerprinting subcellular compartments 1530:1568 fingerprinting subcellular compartments 1530:1568 Thus the use of SPIONs provides a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments, with an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions. 28134274 6 31 theme late 1160:1163 arg1 endosomes/lysosomes 1165:1183 selectively late endosomes/lysosomes 1148:1183 selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells 1148:1200 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 3 32 theme Dimercaptosuccinic 399:416 arg1 SPIONs 430:435 Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated SPIONs 399:435 Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated SPIONs 399:435 Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated SPIONs are internalized and accumulate in late endosomes/lysosomes, while aminolipid-SPIONs reside at the plasma membrane. 28134274 0 33 theme NPC1 110:113 arg1 deficiency 115:124 NPC1 deficiency 110:124 NPC1 deficiency 110:124 A novel approach to analyze lysosomal dysfunctions through subcellular proteomics and lipidomics: the case of NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 6 34 theme glycosphingolipids 963:980 arg1 hallmark 1003:1010 a primary hallmark 993:1010 a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency 993:1029 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 6 34 theme glycosphingolipids 963:980 arg1 accumulation 931:942 the accumulation 927:942 the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids 927:980 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 8 35 theme fingerprinting 1530:1543 arg1 compartments 1557:1568 fingerprinting subcellular compartments 1530:1568 fingerprinting subcellular compartments 1530:1568 Thus the use of SPIONs provides a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments, with an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions. 28134274 4 36 theme proteomic 702:710 arg1 profiling 726:734 proteomic and lipidomic profiling 702:734 profiling 726:734 These features allowed us to establish standardized magnetic isolation procedures for these membrane compartments with a yield and purity permitting proteomic and lipidomic profiling. 28134274 0 37 theme lysosomal 28:36 arg1 dysfunctions 38:49 lysosomal dysfunctions 28:49 lysosomal dysfunctions 28:49 A novel approach to analyze lysosomal dysfunctions through subcellular proteomics and lipidomics: the case of NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 1 38 theme subcellular 277:287 arg1 isolation 299:307 subcellular organelle isolation 277:307 subcellular organelle isolation 277:307 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 6 39 from buildup 1069:1075 arg1 endosomes/lysosomes 1165:1183 selectively late endosomes/lysosomes 1148:1183 selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells 1148:1200 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 8 40 theme disease-related 1611:1625 arg1 alterations 1627:1637 disease-related alterations 1611:1637 disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions 1611:1672 Thus the use of SPIONs provides a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments, with an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions. 28134274 7 41 theme NPC1 1458:1461 arg1 deficiency 1463:1472 NPC1 deficiency 1458:1472 NPC1 deficiency 1458:1472 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 1 42 theme organelle 289:297 arg1 isolation 299:307 subcellular organelle isolation 277:307 subcellular organelle isolation 277:307 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 5 43 theme lysosomes 809:817 arg1 compositions 793:804 the biomolecular compositions 776:804 the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells 776:918 We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. 28134274 6 44 theme species 1088:1094 arg1 buildup 1069:1075 the buildup 1065:1075 the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells 1065:1200 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 7 45 theme pronounced 1279:1288 arg1 alterations 1290:1300 pronounced alterations 1279:1300 pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency 1279:1472 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 1 46 theme cellular 204:211 arg1 carriers 213:220 cellular carriers 204:220 cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products 204:255 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 1 46 theme cellular 204:211 arg1 nanoparticles 156:168 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 127:168 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 127:177 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 6 47 theme lipidomics 1036:1045 arg1 analysis 1047:1054 our lipidomics analysis 1032:1054 our lipidomics analysis 1032:1054 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 6 48 theme lipids 1138:1143 arg1 species 1088:1094 several species 1080:1094 several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids 1080:1143 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 1 49 used used 196:199 arg2 SPIONs 171:176 SPIONs 171:176 SPIONs 171:176 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 1 49 used used 196:199 arg2 nanoparticles 156:168 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 127:168 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 127:177 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 1 49 used used 196:199 arg2 carriers 213:220 cellular carriers 204:220 cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products 204:255 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 2 50 theme subcellular 373:383 arg1 compartments 385:396 distinct subcellular compartments 364:396 distinct subcellular compartments 364:396 We engineered SPIONs targeting distinct subcellular compartments. 28134274 4 51 theme magnetic 605:612 arg1 procedures 624:633 standardized magnetic isolation procedures 592:633 standardized magnetic isolation procedures for these membrane compartments 592:665 These features allowed us to establish standardized magnetic isolation procedures for these membrane compartments with a yield and purity permitting proteomic and lipidomic profiling. 28134274 5 52 theme biomolecular 780:791 arg1 compositions 793:804 the biomolecular compositions 776:804 the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells 776:918 We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. 28134274 1 53 theme oxide 150:154 arg1 SPIONs 171:176 SPIONs 171:176 SPIONs 171:176 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 1 53 theme oxide 150:154 arg1 nanoparticles 156:168 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 127:168 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 127:177 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 1 53 theme oxide 150:154 arg1 carriers 213:220 cellular carriers 204:220 cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products 204:255 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 7 54 attach linked 1322:1327 arg2 proteins 1313:1320 several proteins 1305:1320 several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency 1305:1472 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 7 54 attach linked 1322:1327 arg1 autophagy 1332:1340 autophagy 1332:1340 autophagy 1332:1340 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 7 54 attach linked 1322:1327 arg1 catabolism 1356:1365 lysosomal catabolism 1346:1365 lysosomal catabolism 1346:1365 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 6 55 theme cholesterol 947:957 arg1 hallmark 1003:1010 a primary hallmark 993:1010 a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency 993:1029 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 6 55 theme cholesterol 947:957 arg1 accumulation 931:942 the accumulation 927:942 the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids 927:980 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 5 56 dep wild-type 854:862 arg1 cells 914:918 type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells 889:918 type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells 889:918 We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. 28134274 4 57 theme standardized 592:603 arg1 procedures 624:633 standardized magnetic isolation procedures 592:633 standardized magnetic isolation procedures for these membrane compartments 592:665 These features allowed us to establish standardized magnetic isolation procedures for these membrane compartments with a yield and purity permitting proteomic and lipidomic profiling. 28134274 8 58 theme biomolecular 1648:1659 arg1 compositions 1661:1672 their biomolecular compositions 1642:1672 their biomolecular compositions 1642:1672 Thus the use of SPIONs provides a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments, with an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions. 28134274 7 59 theme defective 1414:1422 arg1 turnover 1434:1441 defective lysosomal turnover 1414:1441 defective lysosomal turnover 1414:1441 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 6 60 theme storage 1130:1136 arg1 lipids 1138:1143 other storage lipids 1124:1143 other storage lipids 1124:1143 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 8 61 theme increased 1579:1587 arg1 potential 1589:1597 an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions 1576:1672 an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions 1576:1672 Thus the use of SPIONs provides a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments, with an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions. 28134274 7 62 theme membrane 1220:1227 arg1 proteome 1229:1236 the plasma membrane proteome 1209:1236 the plasma membrane proteome 1209:1236 While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 1 63 theme Superparamagnetic 127:143 arg1 SPIONs 171:176 SPIONs 171:176 SPIONs 171:176 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 1 63 theme Superparamagnetic 127:143 arg1 nanoparticles 156:168 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 127:168 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 127:177 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 1 63 theme Superparamagnetic 127:143 arg1 carriers 213:220 cellular carriers 204:220 cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products 204:255 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 6 64 theme other 1124:1128 arg1 lipids 1138:1143 other storage lipids 1124:1143 other storage lipids 1124:1143 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 4 65 theme lipidomic 716:724 arg1 profiling 726:734 proteomic and lipidomic profiling 702:734 profiling 726:734 These features allowed us to establish standardized magnetic isolation procedures for these membrane compartments with a yield and purity permitting proteomic and lipidomic profiling. 28134274 1 66 theme iron 145:148 arg1 SPIONs 171:176 SPIONs 171:176 SPIONs 171:176 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 1 66 theme iron 145:148 arg1 nanoparticles 156:168 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 127:168 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) 127:177 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 1 66 theme iron 145:148 arg1 carriers 213:220 cellular carriers 204:220 cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products 204:255 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. 28134274 0 67 theme subcellular 59:69 arg1 proteomics 71:80 subcellular proteomics 59:80 subcellular proteomics 59:80 A novel approach to analyze lysosomal dysfunctions through subcellular proteomics and lipidomics: the case of NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 6 68 theme NPC1 1015:1018 arg1 deficiency 1020:1029 NPC1 deficiency 1015:1029 NPC1 deficiency 1015:1029 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 28134274 5 69 attach isolated 840:847 arg2 lysosomes 809:817 lysosomes 809:817 lysosomes 809:817 We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. 28134274 5 69 attach isolated 840:847 arg1 wild-type 854:862 wild-type 854:862 wild-type 854:862 We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. 28134274 5 69 attach isolated 840:847 arg1 disease 881:887 Niemann-Pick disease 868:887 Niemann-Pick disease 868:887 We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. 28134274 0 70 theme novel 2:6 arg1 approach 8:15 A novel approach 0:15 A novel approach 0:15 A novel approach to analyze lysosomal dysfunctions through subcellular proteomics and lipidomics: the case of NPC1 deficiency. 28134274 6 71 theme glycerophospholipids 1099:1118 arg1 species 1088:1094 several species 1080:1094 several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids 1080:1143 While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. 27187797 6 0 theme BMDCs 1728:1732 arg1 activation 1688:1697 activation 1688:1697 activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs 1688:1732 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 0 theme BMDCs 1728:1732 arg1 maturation 1622:1631 maturation 1622:1631 maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) 1622:1682 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 7 1 with immunization 1744:1755 arg1 particles 1778:1786 vaccine particles 1770:1786 vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists 1770:1815 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 7 2 theme IgG 2093:2095 arg1 antibodies 2097:2106 ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies 2074:2106 ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies 2074:2106 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 8 3 theme vaccination 2419:2429 arg1 effectiveness 2402:2414 the effectiveness 2398:2414 the effectiveness of vaccination 2398:2429 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 5 4 from response 1331:1338 arg1 cells 1349:1353 THP-1 cells 1343:1353 THP-1 cells 1343:1353 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. 27187797 7 5 theme cellular 1838:1845 arg1 immunity 1847:1854 enhanced cellular immunity 1829:1854 enhanced cellular immunity 1829:1854 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 8 6 theme adaptive 2263:2270 arg1 immunity 2272:2279 adaptive immunity 2263:2279 adaptive immunity 2263:2279 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 7 7 theme humoral 2024:2030 arg1 immunity 2032:2039 humoral immunity 2024:2039 humoral immunity 2024:2039 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 6 8 theme vaccine 1512:1518 arg1 context 1476:1482 the context 1472:1482 the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine 1472:1518 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 7 9 theme higher 2057:2062 arg1 titers 2064:2069 higher titers 2057:2069 higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies 2057:2106 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 4 10 theme PRR 1196:1198 arg1 agonists 1200:1207 both PRR agonists 1191:1207 both PRR agonists 1191:1207 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 3 11 theme receptor 806:813 arg1 MPLA 832:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 11 theme receptor 806:813 arg1 formulations 741:752 alum-based vaccine formulations 722:752 alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin 722:767 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 1 12 theme recognition 200:210 arg1 PRRs 223:226 PRRs 223:226 PRRs 223:226 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 1 12 theme recognition 200:210 arg1 receptors 212:220 pattern recognition receptors 192:220 pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) 192:227 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 4 13 dep in 1016:1017 arg1 vivo 1019:1022 vivo 1019:1022 vivo 1019:1022 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 6 14 theme dendritic 1585:1593 arg1 cells 1595:1599 derived dendritic cells 1577:1599 bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) 1565:1607 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 14 theme dendritic 1585:1593 arg1 BMDCs 1602:1606 BMDCs 1602:1606 BMDCs 1602:1606 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 5 15 theme individual 1367:1376 arg1 stimulation 1382:1392 individual PRR stimulation 1367:1392 individual PRR stimulation 1367:1392 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. 27187797 4 16 theme in 1003:1004 arg1 readouts 1024:1031 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts 994:1031 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation 994:1059 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 6 17 theme Immunostimulatory 1395:1411 arg1 containing 1425:1434 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists 1395:1452 containing 1425:1434 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 3 18 theme stimulation 643:653 arg1 impact 624:629 the impact 620:629 the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles 620:991 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 1 19 theme immune 296:301 arg1 responses 303:311 innate immune responses 289:311 innate immune responses 289:311 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 0 20 theme Adaptive 154:161 arg1 Responses 170:178 Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses 133:178 Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses 133:178 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 8 21 theme receptors 2330:2338 arg1 agonists 2312:2319 agonists 2312:2319 agonists of these receptors 2312:2338 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 0 22 theme Responses 170:178 arg1 Magnitude 120:128 Magnitude 120:128 Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses 120:178 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 3 23 theme different 668:676 arg1 families 678:685 different families 668:685 different families 668:685 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 7 24 theme vaccine 1770:1776 arg1 particles 1778:1786 vaccine particles 1770:1786 vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists 1770:1815 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 2 25 theme inflammatory 548:559 arg1 etc 596:598 etc 596:598 etc 596:598 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 2 25 theme inflammatory 548:559 arg1 cytokines 561:569 inflammatory cytokines 548:569 inflammatory cytokines 548:569 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 2 25 theme inflammatory 548:559 arg1 peptides 586:593 antimicrobial peptides 572:593 antimicrobial peptides 572:593 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 8 26 theme standard 2343:2350 arg1 adjuvants 2363:2371 standard alum-based adjuvants 2343:2371 standard alum-based adjuvants 2343:2371 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 7 27 with restimulation 1982:1994 arg1 ovalbumin 2001:2009 ovalbumin 2001:2009 ovalbumin 2001:2009 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 6 28 dep maturation 1622:1631 arg1 up-regulation 1634:1646 up-regulation 1634:1646 up-regulation of expression of CD80 1634:1668 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 28 dep maturation 1622:1631 arg1 MHCII 1677:1681 MHCII 1677:1681 MHCII 1677:1681 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 28 dep maturation 1622:1631 arg1 CD86 1671:1674 CD86 1671:1674 CD86 1671:1674 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 0 29 theme Combined 63:70 arg1 TLR4 72:75 Combined TLR4 63:75 Combined TLR4 63:75 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 1 30 theme adaptive 347:354 arg1 immunity 356:363 adaptive immunity 347:363 adaptive immunity 347:363 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 3 31 theme PRRs 658:661 arg1 stimulation 643:653 combined stimulation 634:653 combined stimulation of PRRs from different families 634:685 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 7 32 theme mice 1760:1763 arg1 immunization 1744:1755 immunization 1744:1755 immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists 1744:1815 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 4 33 theme system 1043:1048 arg1 activation 1050:1059 immune system activation 1036:1059 immune system activation 1036:1059 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 5 34 theme transcriptional 1315:1329 arg1 response 1331:1338 a stronger and broader transcriptional response 1292:1338 a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation 1292:1392 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. 27187797 3 35 theme protein 898:904 arg1 MDP 923:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 36 theme oligomerization 864:878 arg1 MDP 923:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 0 37 theme Activation 86:95 arg1 Effect 53:58 Synergistic Effect 41:58 Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation 41:95 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 6 38 theme PRR 1441:1443 arg1 agonists 1445:1452 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists 1395:1452 agonists 1445:1452 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 4 39 theme individual 1083:1092 arg1 agonists 1098:1105 individual PRR agonists 1083:1105 individual PRR agonists 1083:1105 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 2 40 theme PRRs 413:416 arg1 types 404:408 different types 394:408 different types of PRRs 394:416 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 0 41 theme Powerful 0:7 arg1 Based 32:36 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based 0:36 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation 0:95 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 1 42 theme innate 289:294 arg1 responses 303:311 innate immune responses 289:311 innate immune responses 289:311 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 6 43 dep activation 1688:1697 arg1 production 1700:1709 production 1700:1709 production of cytokines 1700:1722 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 2 44 theme enhanced 478:485 arg1 production 487:496 enhanced production 478:496 enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc 478:598 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 5 45 theme PRR 1378:1380 arg1 stimulation 1382:1392 individual PRR stimulation 1367:1392 individual PRR stimulation 1367:1392 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. 27187797 0 46 theme Immunoadjuvant 17:30 arg1 Based 32:36 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based 0:36 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation 0:95 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 7 47 theme T 1955:1955 arg1 cells 1957:1961 splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1933:1961 splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1933:1961 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 8 48 theme TLR4 2161:2164 arg1 stimulation 2146:2156 combined stimulation 2137:2156 combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors 2137:2183 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 2 49 theme innate 524:529 arg1 immunity 531:538 innate immunity 524:538 innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc 524:598 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 8 50 dep branches 2251:2258 arg1 both 2221:2224 both 2221:2224 both 2221:2224 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 3 51 from stimulation 643:653 arg1 families 678:685 different families 668:685 different families 668:685 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 2 52 theme immunostimulatory 439:455 arg1 effects 457:463 synergistic immunostimulatory effects 427:463 synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc 427:598 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 8 53 theme NOD2 2170:2173 arg1 receptors 2175:2183 NOD2 receptors 2170:2183 NOD2 receptors 2170:2183 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 7 54 dep in 1973:1974 arg1 vitro 1976:1980 vitro 1976:1980 vitro 1976:1980 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 2 55 theme Simultaneous 366:377 arg1 stimulation 379:389 Simultaneous stimulation 366:389 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs 366:416 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 8 56 used used 2382:2385 arg2 inclusion 2299:2307 inclusion 2299:2307 inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants 2299:2371 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 7 57 theme splenic 1933:1939 arg1 cells 1957:1961 splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1933:1961 splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1933:1961 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 3 58 theme vaccine 733:739 arg1 formulations 741:752 alum-based vaccine formulations 722:752 alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin 722:767 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 58 theme vaccine 733:739 arg1 antigen 780:786 a model antigen 772:786 a model antigen 772:786 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 58 theme vaccine 733:739 arg1 MPLA 832:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 6 59 theme bone 1565:1568 arg1 marrow 1570:1575 bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) 1565:1607 bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) 1565:1607 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 7 60 theme increased 1872:1880 arg1 production 1918:1927 IFN-γ production 1912:1927 IFN-γ production 1912:1927 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 7 60 theme increased 1872:1880 arg1 proliferation 1882:1894 proliferation 1882:1894 proliferation 1882:1894 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 2 61 theme types 404:408 arg1 stimulation 379:389 Simultaneous stimulation 366:389 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs 366:416 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 6 62 theme particles 1552:1560 arg1 uptake 1534:1539 uptake 1534:1539 uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) 1534:1607 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 5 63 theme stronger 1294:1301 arg1 response 1331:1338 a stronger and broader transcriptional response 1292:1338 a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation 1292:1392 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. 27187797 6 64 dep marrow 1570:1575 arg1 cells 1595:1599 derived dendritic cells 1577:1599 bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) 1565:1607 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 64 dep marrow 1570:1575 arg1 BMDCs 1602:1606 BMDCs 1602:1606 BMDCs 1602:1606 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 5 65 theme TLR4 1267:1270 arg1 stimulation 1252:1262 Combined stimulation 1243:1262 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 1243:1279 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. 27187797 8 66 theme humoral 2230:2236 arg1 branches 2251:2258 both the humoral and cellular branches 2221:2258 branches 2251:2258 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 3 67 from families 678:685 arg1 PRRs 658:661 PRRs 658:661 PRRs from different families 658:685 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 67 from families 678:685 arg1 stimulation 643:653 combined stimulation 634:653 combined stimulation of PRRs from different families 634:685 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 5 68 theme NOD2 1276:1279 arg1 stimulation 1252:1262 Combined stimulation 1243:1262 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 1243:1279 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. 27187797 7 69 theme antibodies 2097:2106 arg1 titers 2064:2069 higher titers 2057:2069 higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies 2057:2106 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 7 70 theme enhanced 1829:1836 arg1 immunity 1847:1854 enhanced cellular immunity 1829:1854 enhanced cellular immunity 1829:1854 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 8 71 theme cellular 2242:2249 arg1 branches 2251:2258 both the humoral and cellular branches 2221:2258 branches 2251:2258 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 7 72 theme ovalbumin-specific 2074:2091 arg1 antibodies 2097:2106 ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies 2074:2106 ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies 2074:2106 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 6 73 link derived 1577:1583 arg1 cells 1595:1599 derived dendritic cells 1577:1599 bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) 1565:1607 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 73 link derived 1577:1583 arg1 BMDCs 1602:1606 BMDCs 1602:1606 BMDCs 1602:1606 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 4 74 theme agonists 1200:1207 arg1 effective 1232:1240 effective 1232:1240 effective 1232:1240 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 4 74 theme agonists 1200:1207 arg1 combination 1176:1186 the combination 1172:1186 the combination of both PRR agonists 1172:1207 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 3 75 theme model 774:778 arg1 formulations 741:752 alum-based vaccine formulations 722:752 alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin 722:767 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 75 theme model 774:778 arg1 antigen 780:786 a model antigen 772:786 a model antigen 772:786 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 1 76 theme pattern 192:198 arg1 PRRs 223:226 PRRs 223:226 PRRs 223:226 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 1 76 theme pattern 192:198 arg1 receptors 212:220 pattern recognition receptors 192:220 pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) 192:227 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 7 77 contain containing 1788:1797 arg1 particles 1778:1786 vaccine particles 1770:1786 vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists 1770:1815 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 7 77 contain containing 1788:1797 arg2 agonists 1808:1815 both PRR agonists 1799:1815 both PRR agonists 1799:1815 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 7 78 theme PRR 1804:1806 arg1 agonists 1808:1815 both PRR agonists 1799:1815 both PRR agonists 1799:1815 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 8 79 theme immunity 2272:2279 arg1 branches 2251:2258 both the humoral and cellular branches 2221:2258 branches 2251:2258 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 0 80 theme Humoral 133:139 arg1 Responses 170:178 Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses 133:178 Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses 133:178 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 1 81 theme receptors 212:220 arg1 Binding 181:187 Binding 181:187 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) 181:277 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 3 82 theme Toll-like 796:804 arg1 MPLA 832:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 82 theme Toll-like 796:804 arg1 formulations 741:752 alum-based vaccine formulations 722:752 alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin 722:767 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 0 83 theme Cellular 145:152 arg1 Responses 170:178 Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses 133:178 Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses 133:178 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 3 84 theme combined 634:641 arg1 stimulation 643:653 combined stimulation 634:653 combined stimulation of PRRs from different families 634:685 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 6 85 theme derived 1577:1583 arg1 cells 1595:1599 derived dendritic cells 1577:1599 bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) 1565:1607 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 85 theme derived 1577:1583 arg1 BMDCs 1602:1606 BMDCs 1602:1606 BMDCs 1602:1606 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 4 86 theme Multiple 994:1001 arg1 readouts 1024:1031 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts 994:1031 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation 994:1059 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 3 87 theme agonist 824:830 arg1 MPLA 832:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 87 theme agonist 824:830 arg1 formulations 741:752 alum-based vaccine formulations 722:752 alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin 722:767 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 0 88 theme Immune 163:168 arg1 Responses 170:178 Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses 133:178 Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses 133:178 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 2 89 contain have 422:425 arg2 effects 457:463 synergistic immunostimulatory effects 427:463 synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc 427:598 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 2 89 contain have 422:425 arg1 stimulation 379:389 Simultaneous stimulation 366:389 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs 366:416 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 6 90 theme CD80 1665:1668 arg1 expression 1651:1660 expression 1651:1660 expression of CD80 1651:1668 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 91 dep containing 1425:1434 arg1 MDP 1464:1466 MDP 1464:1466 MDP 1464:1466 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 91 dep containing 1425:1434 arg1 MPLA 1455:1458 MPLA 1455:1458 MPLA 1455:1458 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 91 dep containing 1425:1434 arg1 both 1436:1439 both 1436:1439 both 1436:1439 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 8 92 theme agonists 2312:2319 arg1 inclusion 2299:2307 inclusion 2299:2307 inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants 2299:2371 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 5 93 theme THP-1 1343:1347 arg1 cells 1349:1353 THP-1 cells 1343:1353 THP-1 cells 1343:1353 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. 27187797 3 94 theme TLR4 818:821 arg1 MPLA 832:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 94 theme TLR4 818:821 arg1 formulations 741:752 alum-based vaccine formulations 722:752 alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin 722:767 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 6 95 theme expression 1651:1660 arg1 up-regulation 1634:1646 up-regulation 1634:1646 up-regulation of expression of CD80 1634:1668 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 95 theme expression 1651:1660 arg1 MHCII 1677:1681 MHCII 1677:1681 MHCII 1677:1681 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 6 95 theme expression 1651:1660 arg1 CD86 1671:1674 CD86 1671:1674 CD86 1671:1674 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 3 96 theme agonist 915:921 arg1 MDP 923:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 6 97 theme cytokines 1714:1722 arg1 production 1700:1709 production 1700:1709 production of cytokines 1700:1722 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 3 98 theme Nucleotide-binding 845:862 arg1 MDP 923:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 0 99 theme TLR4 72:75 arg1 Effect 53:58 Synergistic Effect 41:58 Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation 41:95 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 3 100 theme NOD2 909:912 arg1 MDP 923:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 0 101 from Based 32:36 arg1 Effect 53:58 Synergistic Effect 41:58 Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation 41:95 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 5 102 theme broader 1307:1313 arg1 response 1331:1338 a stronger and broader transcriptional response 1292:1338 a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation 1292:1392 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. 27187797 0 103 theme NOD2 81:84 arg1 Activation 86:95 NOD2 Activation 81:95 NOD2 Activation 81:95 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 1 104 theme immunity 356:363 arg1 development 332:342 development 332:342 development of adaptive immunity 332:363 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 4 105 theme immune 1036:1041 arg1 activation 1050:1059 immune system activation 1036:1059 immune system activation 1036:1059 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 6 106 theme alum-based 1491:1500 arg1 vaccine 1512:1518 the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine 1487:1518 the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine 1487:1518 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 4 107 dep in 1003:1004 arg1 vitro 1006:1010 vitro 1006:1010 vitro 1006:1010 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 2 108 theme antimicrobial 572:584 arg1 cytokines 561:569 inflammatory cytokines 548:569 inflammatory cytokines 548:569 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 2 108 theme antimicrobial 572:584 arg1 peptides 586:593 antimicrobial peptides 572:593 antimicrobial peptides 572:593 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 3 109 theme domain-containing 880:896 arg1 MDP 923:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP 841:925 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 7 110 theme in 1973:1974 arg1 restimulation 1982:1994 in vitro restimulation 1973:1994 in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin 1973:2009 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 3 111 theme alum-ovalbumin 968:981 arg1 particles 983:991 the alum-ovalbumin particles 964:991 the alum-ovalbumin particles 964:991 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 8 112 theme combined 2137:2144 arg1 stimulation 2146:2156 combined stimulation 2137:2156 combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors 2137:2183 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 4 113 theme in 1016:1017 arg1 readouts 1024:1031 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts 994:1031 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation 994:1059 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 0 114 theme Complex 9:15 arg1 Based 32:36 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based 0:36 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation 0:95 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 7 115 theme cells 1957:1961 arg1 activation 1900:1909 activation 1900:1909 activation 1900:1909 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 7 115 theme cells 1957:1961 arg1 production 1918:1927 IFN-γ production 1912:1927 IFN-γ production 1912:1927 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 7 115 theme cells 1957:1961 arg1 proliferation 1882:1894 proliferation 1882:1894 proliferation 1882:1894 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 8 116 from inclusion 2299:2307 arg1 adjuvants 2363:2371 standard alum-based adjuvants 2343:2371 standard alum-based adjuvants 2343:2371 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 6 117 theme composition 1413:1423 arg1 containing 1425:1434 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists 1395:1452 containing 1425:1434 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 3 118 from impact 624:629 arg1 immunity 699:706 adaptive immunity 690:706 adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles 690:991 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 6 119 theme ovalbumin 1502:1510 arg1 vaccine 1512:1518 the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine 1487:1518 the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine 1487:1518 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 5 120 theme Combined 1243:1250 arg1 stimulation 1252:1262 Combined stimulation 1243:1262 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 1243:1279 Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. 27187797 7 121 theme CD8+ 1950:1953 arg1 cells 1957:1961 splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1933:1961 splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1933:1961 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 8 122 theme branches 2251:2258 arg1 activation 2207:2216 activation 2207:2216 activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity 2207:2279 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 4 123 theme PRR 1094:1096 arg1 agonists 1098:1105 individual PRR agonists 1083:1105 individual PRR agonists 1083:1105 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 3 124 theme adaptive 690:697 arg1 immunity 699:706 adaptive immunity 690:706 adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles 690:991 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 0 125 theme Synergistic 41:51 arg1 Effect 53:58 Synergistic Effect 41:58 Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation 41:95 Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. 27187797 6 126 from containing 1425:1434 arg1 context 1476:1482 the context 1472:1482 the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine 1472:1518 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 27187797 7 127 theme CD4+ 1941:1944 arg1 cells 1957:1961 splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1933:1961 splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1933:1961 Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. 27187797 8 128 theme alum-based 2352:2361 arg1 adjuvants 2363:2371 standard alum-based adjuvants 2343:2371 standard alum-based adjuvants 2343:2371 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 8 129 theme receptors 2175:2183 arg1 stimulation 2146:2156 combined stimulation 2137:2156 combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors 2137:2183 These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination. 27187797 4 130 theme activation 1050:1059 arg1 readouts 1024:1031 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts 994:1031 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation 994:1059 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 1 131 theme molecular 252:260 arg1 PAMPs 272:276 PAMPs 272:276 PAMPs 272:276 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 1 131 theme molecular 252:260 arg1 patterns 262:269 pathogen-associated molecular patterns 232:269 pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) 232:277 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 2 132 theme synergistic 427:437 arg1 effects 457:463 synergistic immunostimulatory effects 427:463 synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc 427:598 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 2 133 theme molecules 501:509 arg1 production 487:496 enhanced production 478:496 enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc 478:598 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 3 134 theme alum-based 722:731 arg1 formulations 741:752 alum-based vaccine formulations 722:752 alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin 722:767 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 134 theme alum-based 722:731 arg1 antigen 780:786 a model antigen 772:786 a model antigen 772:786 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 3 134 theme alum-based 722:731 arg1 MPLA 832:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA 792:835 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 4 135 theme vaccines 1139:1146 arg1 immunogenicity 1121:1134 the immunogenicity 1117:1134 the immunogenicity of vaccines 1117:1146 Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. 27187797 1 136 theme pathogen-associated 232:250 arg1 PAMPs 272:276 PAMPs 272:276 PAMPs 272:276 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 1 136 theme pathogen-associated 232:250 arg1 patterns 262:269 pathogen-associated molecular patterns 232:269 pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) 232:277 Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. 27187797 3 137 with formulations 741:752 arg1 ovalbumin 759:767 ovalbumin 759:767 ovalbumin 759:767 Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. 27187797 2 138 theme different 394:402 arg1 types 404:408 different types 394:408 different types of PRRs 394:416 Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. 27187797 6 139 theme vaccine 1544:1550 arg1 particles 1552:1560 vaccine particles 1544:1560 vaccine particles 1544:1560 Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. 25527762 4 0 theme dairy 798:802 arg1 products 804:811 dairy products 798:811 dairy products 798:811 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 4 0 theme dairy 798:802 arg1 products 779:786 meat and meat products 765:786 meat and meat products 765:786 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 3 1 theme Environmental 633:645 arg1 data 567:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data 470:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food 470:630 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 1 theme Environmental 633:645 arg1 Health 664:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 7 2 theme nutrient 1319:1326 arg1 content 1328:1334 a low nutrient content 1313:1334 a low nutrient content 1313:1334 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 11 3 theme higher 1884:1889 arg1 value 1903:1907 their higher nutritional value 1878:1907 their higher nutritional value 1878:1907 The point at which the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods is offset by their higher nutritional value is a priority area for additional research. 25527762 6 4 theme GHGE 1168:1171 arg1 values 1173:1178 log-transformed GHGE values 1152:1178 log-transformed GHGE values expressed per 100 g or 100 kcal 1152:1210 The energy and nutrient densities of foods were linked to log-transformed GHGE values expressed per 100 g or 100 kcal. 25527762 9 5 theme nutrient 1494:1501 arg1 density 1503:1509 a higher nutrient density 1485:1509 a higher nutrient density of foods 1485:1518 In general, a higher nutrient density of foods was associated with higher GHGEs per 100 kcal, although the slopes of fitted lines varied for meat and dairy compared with fats and sweets. 25527762 6 6 attach linked 1142:1147 arg1 values 1173:1178 log-transformed GHGE values 1152:1178 log-transformed GHGE values expressed per 100 g or 100 kcal 1152:1210 The energy and nutrient densities of foods were linked to log-transformed GHGE values expressed per 100 g or 100 kcal. 25527762 6 6 attach linked 1142:1147 arg2 densities 1118:1126 The energy and nutrient densities 1094:1126 densities 1118:1126 The energy and nutrient densities of foods were linked to log-transformed GHGE values expressed per 100 g or 100 kcal. 25527762 2 7 dep OBJECTIVE 227:235 arg1 examined 240:247 examined 240:247 examined the relation between the energy and nutrient content of foods and associated GHGEs as expressed as g CO2 equivalents 240:364 OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between the energy and nutrient content of foods and associated GHGEs as expressed as g CO2 equivalents. 25527762 10 8 theme impact 1708:1713 arg1 Considerations 1672:1685 CONCLUSIONS Considerations 1660:1685 CONCLUSIONS Considerations of the environmental impact of foods 1660:1722 CONCLUSIONS Considerations of the environmental impact of foods need to be linked to concerns about nutrient density and health. 25527762 10 9 theme nutrient 1760:1767 arg1 density 1769:1775 nutrient density 1760:1775 nutrient density 1760:1775 CONCLUSIONS Considerations of the environmental impact of foods need to be linked to concerns about nutrient density and health. 25527762 2 10 theme energy 274:279 arg1 content 294:300 the energy and nutrient content 270:300 content 294:300 OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between the energy and nutrient content of foods and associated GHGEs as expressed as g CO2 equivalents. 25527762 11 11 theme nutrient-dense 1844:1857 arg1 foods 1859:1863 some nutrient-dense foods 1839:1863 some nutrient-dense foods 1839:1863 The point at which the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods is offset by their higher nutritional value is a priority area for additional research. 25527762 11 12 theme higher 1812:1817 arg1 footprint 1826:1834 the higher carbon footprint 1808:1834 the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods 1808:1863 The point at which the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods is offset by their higher nutritional value is a priority area for additional research. 25527762 1 13 theme food 169:172 arg1 production 174:183 food production 169:183 food production 169:183 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 6 14 theme foods 1131:1135 arg1 densities 1118:1126 The energy and nutrient densities 1094:1126 densities 1118:1126 The energy and nutrient densities of foods were linked to log-transformed GHGE values expressed per 100 g or 100 kcal. 25527762 5 15 theme alternative 964:974 arg1 each 1001:1004 each 1001:1004 each 1001:1004 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 5 15 theme alternative 964:974 arg1 scores 993:998 2 alternative nutrient-density scores 962:998 2 alternative nutrient-density scores 962:998 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 1 16 theme greenhouse 120:129 arg1 GHGEs 146:150 GHGEs 146:150 GHGEs 146:150 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 1 16 theme greenhouse 120:129 arg1 emissions 135:143 greenhouse gas emissions 120:143 greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing 120:224 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 0 17 from nutrient 11:18 arg1 relation 40:47 relation 40:47 relation to their carbon footprint 40:73 Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. 25527762 0 18 theme carbon 58:63 arg1 footprint 65:73 their carbon footprint 52:73 their carbon footprint 52:73 Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. 25527762 1 19 theme emissions 135:143 arg1 footprint 96:104 A carbon footprint 87:104 A carbon footprint 87:104 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 1 19 theme emissions 135:143 arg1 sum 113:115 the sum 109:115 the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing 109:224 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 0 20 from Energy 0:5 arg1 relation 40:47 relation 40:47 relation to their carbon footprint 40:73 Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. 25527762 6 21 theme energy 1098:1103 arg1 densities 1118:1126 The energy and nutrient densities 1094:1126 densities 1118:1126 The energy and nutrient densities of foods were linked to log-transformed GHGE values expressed per 100 g or 100 kcal. 25527762 10 22 attach linked 1735:1740 arg2 Considerations 1672:1685 CONCLUSIONS Considerations 1660:1685 CONCLUSIONS Considerations of the environmental impact of foods 1660:1722 CONCLUSIONS Considerations of the environmental impact of foods need to be linked to concerns about nutrient density and health. 25527762 10 22 attach linked 1735:1740 arg1 concerns 1745:1752 concerns 1745:1752 concerns 1745:1752 CONCLUSIONS Considerations of the environmental impact of foods need to be linked to concerns about nutrient density and health. 25527762 2 23 theme CO2 350:352 arg1 equivalents 354:364 g CO2 equivalents 348:364 g CO2 equivalents 348:364 OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between the energy and nutrient content of foods and associated GHGEs as expressed as g CO2 equivalents. 25527762 9 24 theme lines 1597:1601 arg1 slopes 1580:1585 the slopes 1576:1585 the slopes of fitted lines 1576:1601 In general, a higher nutrient density of foods was associated with higher GHGEs per 100 kcal, although the slopes of fitted lines varied for meat and dairy compared with fats and sweets. 25527762 11 25 theme additional 1932:1941 arg1 research 1943:1950 additional research 1932:1950 additional research 1932:1950 The point at which the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods is offset by their higher nutritional value is a priority area for additional research. 25527762 4 26 theme 34 710:711 arg1 categories 718:727 34 food categories 710:727 34 food categories 710:727 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 1 27 theme carbon 89:94 arg1 footprint 96:104 A carbon footprint 87:104 A carbon footprint 87:104 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 1 27 theme carbon 89:94 arg1 sum 113:115 the sum 109:115 the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing 109:224 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 3 28 theme DESIGN 367:372 arg1 values 379:384 DESIGN GHGE values 367:384 DESIGN GHGE values 367:384 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 5 29 theme values 1050:1055 arg1 percentage 1030:1039 the percentage 1026:1039 the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively 1026:1091 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 8 30 theme GHGE 1415:1418 arg1 values 1420:1425 higher GHGE values 1408:1425 higher GHGE values per 100 g 1408:1435 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 3 31 theme supermarket 434:444 arg1 chain 446:450 a French supermarket chain 425:450 a French supermarket chain 425:450 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 4 32 theme meat 774:777 arg1 milk 789:792 milk 789:792 milk 789:792 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 4 32 theme meat 774:777 arg1 products 804:811 dairy products 798:811 dairy products 798:811 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 4 32 theme meat 774:777 arg1 products 779:786 meat and meat products 765:786 meat and meat products 765:786 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 4 33 theme food 741:744 arg1 groups 746:751 5 major food groups 733:751 5 major food groups 733:751 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 5 34 theme kcal/100 909:916 arg1 density 930:936 kcal/100 g. Nutrient density 909:936 kcal/100 g. Nutrient density 909:936 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 3 35 from Agency 616:621 arg1 Safety 675:680 Safety 675:680 Safety 675:680 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 35 from Agency 616:621 arg1 data 567:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data 470:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food 470:630 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 35 from Agency 616:621 arg1 Health 664:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 10 36 theme CONCLUSIONS 1660:1670 arg1 Considerations 1672:1685 CONCLUSIONS Considerations 1660:1685 CONCLUSIONS Considerations of the environmental impact of foods 1660:1722 CONCLUSIONS Considerations of the environmental impact of foods need to be linked to concerns about nutrient density and health. 25527762 5 37 theme Nutrient 921:928 arg1 density 930:936 kcal/100 g. Nutrient density 909:936 kcal/100 g. Nutrient density 909:936 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 2 38 theme associated 315:324 arg1 GHGEs 326:330 associated GHGEs 315:330 associated GHGEs 315:330 OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between the energy and nutrient content of foods and associated GHGEs as expressed as g CO2 equivalents. 25527762 7 39 theme low 1315:1317 arg1 content 1328:1334 a low nutrient content 1313:1334 a low nutrient content 1313:1334 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 10 40 theme environmental 1694:1706 arg1 impact 1708:1713 the environmental impact 1690:1713 the environmental impact of foods 1690:1722 CONCLUSIONS Considerations of the environmental impact of foods need to be linked to concerns about nutrient density and health. 25527762 3 41 theme French 515:520 arg1 Safety 675:680 Safety 675:680 Safety 675:680 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 41 theme French 515:520 arg1 data 567:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data 470:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food 470:630 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 41 theme French 515:520 arg1 Health 664:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 11 42 theme nutritional 1891:1901 arg1 value 1903:1907 their higher nutritional value 1878:1907 their higher nutritional value 1878:1907 The point at which the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods is offset by their higher nutritional value is a priority area for additional research. 25527762 7 43 theme high 1289:1292 arg1 density 1301:1307 high energy density 1289:1307 high energy density 1289:1307 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 2 44 theme foods 305:309 arg1 content 294:300 the energy and nutrient content 270:300 content 294:300 OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between the energy and nutrient content of foods and associated GHGEs as expressed as g CO2 equivalents. 25527762 6 45 theme log-transformed 1152:1166 arg1 values 1173:1178 log-transformed GHGE values 1152:1178 log-transformed GHGE values expressed per 100 g or 100 kcal 1152:1210 The energy and nutrient densities of foods were linked to log-transformed GHGE values expressed per 100 g or 100 kcal. 25527762 7 46 dep GHGEs 1250:1254 arg1 g 1265:1265 per 100 g 1257:1265 per 100 g 1257:1265 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 46 dep GHGEs 1250:1254 arg1 kcal 1275:1278 100 kcal 1271:1278 100 kcal 1271:1278 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 46 dep GHGEs 1250:1254 arg1 GHGEs 1250:1254 lowest GHGEs 1243:1254 lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) 1243:1279 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 47 theme energy 1294:1299 arg1 density 1301:1307 high energy density 1289:1307 high energy density 1289:1307 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 9 48 theme higher 1487:1492 arg1 density 1503:1509 a higher nutrient density 1485:1509 a higher nutrient density of foods 1485:1518 In general, a higher nutrient density of foods was associated with higher GHGEs per 100 kcal, although the slopes of fitted lines varied for meat and dairy compared with fats and sweets. 25527762 11 49 theme carbon 1819:1824 arg1 footprint 1826:1834 the higher carbon footprint 1808:1834 the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods 1808:1863 The point at which the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods is offset by their higher nutritional value is a priority area for additional research. 25527762 11 50 theme priority 1914:1921 arg1 area 1923:1926 a priority area 1912:1926 a priority area for additional research 1912:1950 The point at which the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods is offset by their higher nutritional value is a priority area for additional research. 25527762 11 50 theme priority 1914:1921 arg1 point 1793:1797 The point 1789:1797 The point at which the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods is offset by their higher nutritional value 1789:1907 The point at which the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods is offset by their higher nutritional value is a priority area for additional research. 25527762 3 51 theme food-composition 522:537 arg1 Safety 675:680 Safety 675:680 Safety 675:680 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 51 theme food-composition 522:537 arg1 data 567:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data 470:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food 470:630 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 51 theme food-composition 522:537 arg1 Health 664:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 11 52 theme foods 1859:1863 arg1 footprint 1826:1834 the higher carbon footprint 1808:1834 the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods 1808:1863 The point at which the higher carbon footprint of some nutrient-dense foods is offset by their higher nutritional value is a priority area for additional research. 25527762 3 53 theme nutrient-composition 546:565 arg1 Safety 675:680 Safety 675:680 Safety 675:680 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 53 theme nutrient-composition 546:565 arg1 data 567:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data 470:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food 470:630 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 53 theme nutrient-composition 546:565 arg1 Health 664:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 0 54 dep Energy 0:5 arg1 density 20:26 density 20:26 density 20:26 Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. 25527762 3 55 theme table 539:543 arg1 Safety 675:680 Safety 675:680 Safety 675:680 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 55 theme table 539:543 arg1 data 567:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data 470:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food 470:630 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 55 theme table 539:543 arg1 Health 664:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 8 56 theme animal 1361:1366 arg1 dairy 1397:1401 dairy 1397:1401 dairy 1397:1401 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 8 56 theme animal 1361:1366 arg1 products 1368:1375 The more-nutrient-dense animal products 1337:1375 The more-nutrient-dense animal products 1337:1375 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 8 56 theme animal 1361:1366 arg1 meat 1388:1391 meat 1388:1391 meat 1388:1391 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 9 57 theme higher 1540:1545 arg1 GHGEs 1547:1551 higher GHGEs 1540:1551 higher GHGEs per 100 kcal 1540:1564 In general, a higher nutrient density of foods was associated with higher GHGEs per 100 kcal, although the slopes of fitted lines varied for meat and dairy compared with fats and sweets. 25527762 6 58 theme nutrient 1109:1116 arg1 densities 1118:1126 The energy and nutrient densities 1094:1126 densities 1118:1126 The energy and nutrient densities of foods were linked to log-transformed GHGE values expressed per 100 g or 100 kcal. 25527762 7 59 theme lowest 1243:1248 arg1 g 1265:1265 per 100 g 1257:1265 per 100 g 1257:1265 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 59 theme lowest 1243:1248 arg1 kcal 1275:1278 100 kcal 1271:1278 100 kcal 1271:1278 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 59 theme lowest 1243:1248 arg1 GHGEs 1250:1254 lowest GHGEs 1243:1254 lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) 1243:1279 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 8 60 contain had 1404:1406 arg1 dairy 1397:1401 dairy 1397:1401 dairy 1397:1401 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 8 60 contain had 1404:1406 arg2 values 1420:1425 higher GHGE values 1408:1425 higher GHGE values per 100 g 1408:1435 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 8 60 contain had 1404:1406 arg1 products 1368:1375 The more-nutrient-dense animal products 1337:1375 The more-nutrient-dense animal products 1337:1375 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 8 60 contain had 1404:1406 arg1 meat 1388:1391 meat 1388:1391 meat 1388:1391 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 8 60 contain had 1404:1406 arg2 values 1452:1457 much lower values 1441:1457 much lower values per 100 kcal 1441:1470 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 5 61 theme nutrient-density 976:991 arg1 each 1001:1004 each 1001:1004 each 1001:1004 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 5 61 theme nutrient-density 976:991 arg1 scores 993:998 2 alternative nutrient-density scores 962:998 2 alternative nutrient-density scores 962:998 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 8 62 theme more-nutrient-dense 1341:1359 arg1 dairy 1397:1401 dairy 1397:1401 dairy 1397:1401 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 8 62 theme more-nutrient-dense 1341:1359 arg1 products 1368:1375 The more-nutrient-dense animal products 1337:1375 The more-nutrient-dense animal products 1337:1375 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 8 62 theme more-nutrient-dense 1341:1359 arg1 meat 1388:1391 meat 1388:1391 meat 1388:1391 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 5 63 theme percentage 1030:1039 arg1 sum 1019:1021 the sum 1015:1021 the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively 1015:1091 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 1 64 theme gas 131:133 arg1 GHGEs 146:150 GHGEs 146:150 GHGEs 146:150 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 1 64 theme gas 131:133 arg1 emissions 135:143 greenhouse gas emissions 120:143 greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing 120:224 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 9 65 theme foods 1514:1518 arg1 density 1503:1509 a higher nutrient density 1485:1509 a higher nutrient density of foods 1485:1518 In general, a higher nutrient density of foods was associated with higher GHGEs per 100 kcal, although the slopes of fitted lines varied for meat and dairy compared with fats and sweets. 25527762 1 66 dep BACKGROUND 76:85 arg1 footprint 96:104 A carbon footprint 87:104 A carbon footprint 87:104 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 1 66 dep BACKGROUND 76:85 arg1 sum 113:115 the sum 109:115 the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing 109:224 BACKGROUND A carbon footprint is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) associated with food production, processing, transporting, and retailing. 25527762 5 67 theme daily 1044:1048 arg1 values 1050:1055 daily values 1044:1055 daily values 1044:1055 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 5 68 theme Energy 877:882 arg1 density 884:890 Energy density 877:890 Energy density 877:890 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 4 69 theme food 713:716 arg1 categories 718:727 34 food categories 710:727 34 food categories 710:727 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 3 70 theme French 427:432 arg1 chain 446:450 a French supermarket chain 425:450 a French supermarket chain 425:450 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 9 71 theme fitted 1590:1595 arg1 lines 1597:1601 fitted lines 1590:1601 fitted lines 1590:1601 In general, a higher nutrient density of foods was associated with higher GHGEs per 100 kcal, although the slopes of fitted lines varied for meat and dairy compared with fats and sweets. 25527762 2 72 theme g 348:348 arg1 equivalents 354:364 g CO2 equivalents 348:364 g CO2 equivalents 348:364 OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between the energy and nutrient content of foods and associated GHGEs as expressed as g CO2 equivalents. 25527762 8 73 theme higher 1408:1413 arg1 values 1420:1425 higher GHGE values 1408:1425 higher GHGE values per 100 g 1408:1435 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 0 74 theme foods 31:35 arg1 nutrient 11:18 nutrient 11:18 nutrient 11:18 Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. 25527762 0 74 theme foods 31:35 arg1 Energy 0:5 Energy 0:5 Energy 0:5 Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. 25527762 3 75 theme GHGE 374:377 arg1 values 379:384 DESIGN GHGE values 367:384 DESIGN GHGE values 367:384 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 7 76 dep RESULTS 1213:1219 arg1 Grains 1221:1226 Grains 1221:1226 Grains 1221:1226 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 3 77 theme Occupational 651:662 arg1 data 567:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data 470:570 the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food 470:630 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 3 77 theme Occupational 651:662 arg1 Health 664:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 Environmental and Occupational Health 633:669 DESIGN GHGE values, which were calculated and provided by a French supermarket chain, were merged with the Composition Nutritionnelle des Aliments (French food-composition table) nutrient-composition data for 483 foods and beverages from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 25527762 4 78 theme meat 765:768 arg1 milk 789:792 milk 789:792 milk 789:792 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 4 78 theme meat 765:768 arg1 products 804:811 dairy products 798:811 dairy products 798:811 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 4 78 theme meat 765:768 arg1 products 779:786 meat and meat products 765:786 meat and meat products 765:786 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 7 79 contain had 1285:1287 arg2 content 1328:1334 a low nutrient content 1313:1334 a low nutrient content 1313:1334 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 79 contain had 1285:1287 arg1 RESULTS 1213:1219 RESULTS 1213:1219 RESULTS 1213:1219 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 79 contain had 1285:1287 arg2 density 1301:1307 high energy density 1289:1307 high energy density 1289:1307 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 4 80 theme major 735:739 arg1 groups 746:751 5 major food groups 733:751 5 major food groups 733:751 Foods were aggregated into 34 food categories and 5 major food groups as follows: meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, frozen and processed fruit and vegetables, grains, and sweets. 25527762 2 81 theme nutrient 285:292 arg1 content 294:300 the energy and nutrient content 270:300 content 294:300 OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between the energy and nutrient content of foods and associated GHGEs as expressed as g CO2 equivalents. 25527762 5 82 theme g. 918:919 arg1 density 930:936 kcal/100 g. Nutrient density 909:936 kcal/100 g. Nutrient density 909:936 Energy density was expressed as kcal/100 g. Nutrient density was determined by using 2 alternative nutrient-density scores, each based on the sum of the percentage of daily values for 6 or 15 nutrients, respectively. 25527762 8 83 theme lower 1446:1450 arg1 values 1452:1457 much lower values 1441:1457 much lower values per 100 kcal 1441:1470 The more-nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. 25527762 10 84 theme foods 1718:1722 arg1 impact 1708:1713 the environmental impact 1690:1713 the environmental impact of foods 1690:1722 CONCLUSIONS Considerations of the environmental impact of foods need to be linked to concerns about nutrient density and health. 25527762 2 85 theme GHGEs 326:330 arg1 content 294:300 the energy and nutrient content 270:300 content 294:300 OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between the energy and nutrient content of foods and associated GHGEs as expressed as g CO2 equivalents. 25527762 7 86 contain had 1239:1241 arg2 g 1265:1265 per 100 g 1257:1265 per 100 g 1257:1265 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 86 contain had 1239:1241 arg1 RESULTS 1213:1219 RESULTS 1213:1219 RESULTS 1213:1219 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 86 contain had 1239:1241 arg2 GHGEs 1250:1254 lowest GHGEs 1243:1254 lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) 1243:1279 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 86 contain had 1239:1241 arg2 kcal 1275:1278 100 kcal 1271:1278 100 kcal 1271:1278 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 25527762 7 86 contain had 1239:1241 arg1 sweets 1232:1237 sweets 1232:1237 sweets 1232:1237 RESULTS Grains and sweets had lowest GHGEs (per 100 g and 100 kcal) but had high energy density and a low nutrient content. 29178339 11 0 theme PRACTICAL 1944:1952 arg1 APPLICATION 1954:1964 PRACTICAL APPLICATION 1944:1964 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) 1944:2013 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 7 1 theme overall 1188:1194 arg1 r 1206:1206 r = 0.41 to 0.68 1206:1221 r = 0.41 to 0.68 1206:1221 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 1 theme overall 1188:1194 arg1 hardness 1196:1203 overall hardness 1188:1203 overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68) 1188:1222 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 2 2 theme varieties 373:381 arg1 components 337:346 chemical components 328:346 chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF 328:418 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 29178339 13 3 theme varieties 2576:2584 arg1 selection 2551:2559 the selection 2547:2559 the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality 2547:2610 The knowledge generated from this study will benefit the food industry and breeding programs with the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality. 29178339 10 4 theme sweetpotato 1901:1911 arg1 genotypes 1913:1921 sweetpotato genotypes 1901:1921 sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing 1901:1941 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 9 5 theme Instrumental 1536:1547 arg1 measurements 1549:1560 Instrumental measurements 1536:1560 Instrumental measurements 1536:1560 Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = -0.61 to -0.91). 29178339 12 6 theme dry 2336:2338 arg1 matter 2340:2345 dry matter 2336:2345 dry matter 2336:2345 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 0 7 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 Constituents 9:20 Chemical Constituents 0:20 Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries. 0:112 Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries. 29178339 5 8 theme Peak 825:828 arg1 force 830:834 Peak force 825:834 Peak force 825:834 Peak force and overall hardness describing instrumental textural properties of SPFF were measured using a texture analyzer. 29178339 11 9 theme SPFF 2081:2084 arg1 properties 2095:2104 SPFF textural properties 2081:2104 SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties 2081:2188 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 13 10 theme food 2506:2509 arg1 industry 2511:2518 food industry 2506:2518 food industry 2506:2518 The knowledge generated from this study will benefit the food industry and breeding programs with the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality. 29178339 1 11 theme limited 181:187 arg1 information 189:199 limited information 181:199 limited information 181:199 Sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) are growing in popularity, however limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to chemical composition. 29178339 7 12 theme = 1304:1304 arg1 crispness 1291:1299 crispness 1291:1299 crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90) 1291:1318 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 12 theme = 1304:1304 arg1 r 1302:1302 r = 0.63 to 0.90 1302:1317 r = 0.63 to 0.90 1302:1317 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 12 13 theme chemical 2308:2315 arg1 matter 2340:2345 dry matter 2336:2345 dry matter 2336:2345 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 12 13 theme chemical 2308:2315 arg1 components 2317:2326 chemical components 2308:2326 chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF 2308:2446 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 12 13 theme chemical 2308:2315 arg1 contents 2372:2379 total sugar contents 2360:2379 total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF 2360:2446 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 12 13 theme chemical 2308:2315 arg1 starch 2348:2353 starch 2348:2353 starch 2348:2353 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 3 14 theme textural 526:533 arg1 properties 535:544 (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties 497:544 (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF 497:552 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 9 15 theme sensory 1594:1600 arg1 attributes 1602:1611 sensory attributes 1594:1611 sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) 1594:1673 Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = -0.61 to -0.91). 29178339 4 16 theme Dry 660:662 arg1 DM 672:673 DM 672:673 DM 672:673 Dry matter (DM), alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS), starch, sugar, and oil content, and also α- and β-amylase activities were quantified in raw sweetpotatoes and SPFF. 29178339 4 16 theme Dry 660:662 arg1 matter 664:669 Dry matter 660:669 Dry matter (DM) 660:674 Dry matter (DM), alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS), starch, sugar, and oil content, and also α- and β-amylase activities were quantified in raw sweetpotatoes and SPFF. 29178339 10 17 theme total 1810:1814 arg1 AIS 1793:1795 AIS 1793:1795 AIS 1793:1795 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 17 theme total 1810:1814 arg1 DM 1789:1790 DM 1789:1790 DM 1789:1790 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 17 theme total 1810:1814 arg1 contents 1822:1829 total sugar contents 1810:1829 total sugar contents 1810:1829 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 17 theme total 1810:1814 arg1 starch 1798:1803 starch 1798:1803 starch 1798:1803 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 17 theme total 1810:1814 arg1 indicators 1878:1887 indicators 1878:1887 indicators 1878:1887 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 1 18 from available 204:212 arg1 popularity 161:170 popularity 161:170 popularity 161:170 Sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) are growing in popularity, however limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to chemical composition. 29178339 1 18 from available 204:212 arg1 relation 245:252 relation 245:252 relation to chemical composition 245:276 Sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) are growing in popularity, however limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to chemical composition. 29178339 8 19 theme raw 1344:1346 arg1 sweetpotatoes 1348:1360 raw sweetpotatoes 1344:1360 raw sweetpotatoes 1344:1360 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 3 20 theme chemical 588:595 arg1 components 597:606 chemical components 588:606 chemical components 588:606 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 10 21 theme instrumental 1835:1846 arg1 measurements 1848:1859 instrumental measurements 1835:1859 instrumental measurements 1835:1859 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 5 22 theme SPFF 904:907 arg1 properties 890:899 instrumental textural properties 868:899 instrumental textural properties of SPFF 868:907 Peak force and overall hardness describing instrumental textural properties of SPFF were measured using a texture analyzer. 29178339 11 23 theme sweetpotato 2168:2178 arg1 varieties 2180:2188 sweetpotato varieties 2168:2188 sweetpotato varieties 2168:2188 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 4 24 theme alcohol-insoluble 677:693 arg1 solids 695:700 alcohol-insoluble solids 677:700 alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS) 677:706 Dry matter (DM), alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS), starch, sugar, and oil content, and also α- and β-amylase activities were quantified in raw sweetpotatoes and SPFF. 29178339 4 24 theme alcohol-insoluble 677:693 arg1 AIS 703:705 AIS 703:705 AIS 703:705 Dry matter (DM), alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS), starch, sugar, and oil content, and also α- and β-amylase activities were quantified in raw sweetpotatoes and SPFF. 29178339 0 25 theme Textural 62:69 arg1 Characteristics 71:85 Textural Characteristics 62:85 Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries 62:111 Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries. 29178339 11 26 from properties 2095:2104 arg1 relation 2109:2116 relation 2109:2116 relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties 2109:2188 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 1 27 from popularity 161:170 arg1 available 204:212 available 204:212 available 204:212 Sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) are growing in popularity, however limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to chemical composition. 29178339 9 28 theme crispness 1646:1654 arg1 attributes 1602:1611 sensory attributes 1594:1611 sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) 1594:1673 Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = -0.61 to -0.91). 29178339 8 29 theme sensory 1393:1399 arg1 smoothness 1401:1410 sensory smoothness 1393:1410 sensory smoothness 1393:1410 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 13 30 dep industry 2511:2518 arg1 the 2502:2504 the 2502:2504 the 2502:2504 The knowledge generated from this study will benefit the food industry and breeding programs with the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality. 29178339 7 31 theme peak 1173:1176 arg1 force 1178:1182 instrumental peak force 1160:1182 instrumental peak force 1160:1182 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 5 32 theme instrumental 868:879 arg1 properties 890:899 instrumental textural properties 868:899 instrumental textural properties of SPFF 868:907 Peak force and overall hardness describing instrumental textural properties of SPFF were measured using a texture analyzer. 29178339 0 33 theme French 100:105 arg1 Fries 107:111 Processed French Fries 90:111 Processed French Fries 90:111 Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries. 29178339 8 34 dep hardness 1505:1512 arg1 r 1515:1515 r 1515:1515 r = -0.62 to -0.69 1515:1532 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 6 35 theme sensory 961:967 arg1 analysis 969:976 Descriptive sensory analysis 949:976 Descriptive sensory analysis 949:976 Descriptive sensory analysis was conducted and 10 attributes were evaluated by a trained panel. 29178339 11 36 theme limited 2045:2051 arg1 information 2053:2063 limited information 2045:2063 limited information 2045:2063 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 8 37 theme = 1429:1429 arg1 r 1427:1427 r = 0.77 1427:1434 r = 0.77 1427:1434 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 8 37 theme = 1429:1429 arg1 moistness 1416:1424 moistness 1416:1424 moistness (r = 0.77) 1416:1435 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 2 38 theme SPFF 415:418 arg1 SPFF 415:418 SPFF 415:418 SPFF 415:418 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 29178339 2 38 theme SPFF 415:418 arg1 varieties 373:381 different sweetpotato varieties 351:381 different sweetpotato varieties 351:381 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 29178339 2 38 theme SPFF 415:418 arg1 characteristics 396:410 textural characteristics 387:410 textural characteristics of SPFF 387:418 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 29178339 7 39 theme P 1145:1145 arg1 < 1147:1147 P < 0.05 1145:1152 P < 0.05 1145:1152 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 40 theme surface 1242:1248 arg1 fracturability 1271:1284 fracturability 1271:1284 fracturability 1271:1284 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 40 theme surface 1242:1248 arg1 crispness 1291:1299 crispness 1291:1299 crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90) 1291:1318 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 40 theme surface 1242:1248 arg1 hardness 1261:1268 hardness 1261:1268 hardness 1261:1268 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 40 theme surface 1242:1248 arg1 roughness 1250:1258 sensory surface roughness 1234:1258 sensory surface roughness 1234:1258 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 41 from DM 1065:1066 arg1 sweetpotatoes 1100:1112 raw sweetpotatoes 1096:1112 raw sweetpotatoes 1096:1112 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 12 42 theme texture 2419:2425 arg1 measurements 2427:2438 instrumental texture measurements 2406:2438 instrumental texture measurements of SPFF 2406:2446 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 7 43 dep r 1206:1206 arg1 to 1215:1216 to 1215:1216 to 1215:1216 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 44 from AIS 1069:1071 arg1 sweetpotatoes 1100:1112 raw sweetpotatoes 1096:1112 raw sweetpotatoes 1096:1112 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 3 45 theme chemical 474:481 arg1 constituents 483:494 chemical constituents 474:494 chemical constituents 474:494 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 0 46 theme Genotypes 37:45 arg1 Constituents 9:20 Chemical Constituents 0:20 Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries. 0:112 Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries. 29178339 12 47 theme total 2360:2364 arg1 contents 2372:2379 total sugar contents 2360:2379 total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF 2360:2446 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 3 48 theme sweetpotato 429:439 arg1 genotypes 441:449 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes 421:449 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes 421:449 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 12 49 theme SPFF 2250:2253 arg1 attributes 2236:2245 sensory texture attributes 2220:2245 sensory texture attributes of SPFF 2220:2253 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 13 50 with industry 2511:2518 arg1 selection 2551:2559 the selection 2547:2559 the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality 2547:2610 The knowledge generated from this study will benefit the food industry and breeding programs with the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality. 29178339 3 51 theme instrumental 501:512 arg1 properties 535:544 (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties 497:544 (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF 497:552 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 7 52 theme raw 1096:1098 arg1 sweetpotatoes 1100:1112 raw sweetpotatoes 1096:1112 raw sweetpotatoes 1096:1112 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 11 53 theme chemical 2140:2147 arg1 constituents 2149:2160 chemical constituents 2140:2160 chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties 2140:2188 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 8 54 theme instrumental 1469:1480 arg1 force 1487:1491 instrumental peak force 1469:1491 instrumental peak force 1469:1491 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 4 55 theme α- 750:751 arg1 activities 767:776 α- and β-amylase activities 750:776 α- and β-amylase activities 750:776 Dry matter (DM), alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS), starch, sugar, and oil content, and also α- and β-amylase activities were quantified in raw sweetpotatoes and SPFF. 29178339 13 56 theme SPFF 2599:2602 arg1 quality 2604:2610 improved SPFF quality 2590:2610 improved SPFF quality 2590:2610 The knowledge generated from this study will benefit the food industry and breeding programs with the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality. 29178339 1 57 theme SPFF 217:220 arg1 properties 231:240 SPFF textural properties 217:240 SPFF textural properties 217:240 Sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) are growing in popularity, however limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to chemical composition. 29178339 3 58 dep constituents 483:494 arg1 1 471:471 1 471:471 1 471:471 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 12 59 theme sweetpotatoes 2388:2400 arg1 matter 2340:2345 dry matter 2336:2345 dry matter 2336:2345 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 12 59 theme sweetpotatoes 2388:2400 arg1 contents 2372:2379 total sugar contents 2360:2379 total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF 2360:2446 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 12 59 theme sweetpotatoes 2388:2400 arg1 starch 2348:2353 starch 2348:2353 starch 2348:2353 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 12 60 theme sensory 2220:2226 arg1 attributes 2236:2245 sensory texture attributes 2220:2245 sensory texture attributes of SPFF 2220:2253 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 8 61 theme sugar 1327:1331 arg1 content 1333:1339 Total sugar content 1321:1339 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes 1321:1360 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 2 62 theme characteristics 396:410 arg1 components 337:346 chemical components 328:346 chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF 328:418 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 29178339 10 63 theme SPFF 1927:1930 arg1 processing 1932:1941 SPFF processing 1927:1941 SPFF processing 1927:1941 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 8 64 theme overall 1497:1503 arg1 hardness 1505:1512 overall hardness 1497:1512 overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69) 1497:1533 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 7 65 theme instrumental 1160:1171 arg1 force 1178:1182 instrumental peak force 1160:1182 instrumental peak force 1160:1182 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 66 theme starch 1078:1083 arg1 content 1085:1091 starch content 1078:1091 starch content in raw sweetpotatoes 1078:1112 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 3 67 theme sensory 518:524 arg1 properties 535:544 (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties 497:544 (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF 497:552 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 13 68 theme sweetpotato 2564:2574 arg1 varieties 2576:2584 sweetpotato varieties 2564:2584 sweetpotato varieties 2564:2584 The knowledge generated from this study will benefit the food industry and breeding programs with the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality. 29178339 12 69 theme sugar 2366:2370 arg1 contents 2372:2379 total sugar contents 2360:2379 total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF 2360:2446 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 9 70 dep 0.96 1669:1672 arg1 to 1666:1667 to 1666:1667 to 1666:1667 Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = -0.61 to -0.91). 29178339 1 71 theme chemical 257:264 arg1 composition 266:276 chemical composition 257:276 chemical composition 257:276 Sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) are growing in popularity, however limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to chemical composition. 29178339 11 72 from differences 2125:2135 arg1 constituents 2149:2160 chemical constituents 2140:2160 chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties 2140:2188 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 11 73 theme textural 2086:2093 arg1 properties 2095:2104 SPFF textural properties 2081:2104 SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties 2081:2188 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 8 74 theme = 1517:1517 arg1 r 1515:1515 r 1515:1515 r = -0.62 to -0.69 1515:1532 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 2 75 theme sweetpotato 361:371 arg1 SPFF 415:418 SPFF 415:418 SPFF 415:418 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 29178339 2 75 theme sweetpotato 361:371 arg1 varieties 373:381 different sweetpotato varieties 351:381 different sweetpotato varieties 351:381 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 29178339 3 76 theme SPFF 549:552 arg1 constituents 483:494 chemical constituents 474:494 chemical constituents 474:494 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 3 76 theme SPFF 549:552 arg1 properties 535:544 (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties 497:544 (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF 497:552 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 3 76 theme SPFF 549:552 arg1 relationship 567:578 the relationship 563:578 (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes 559:657 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 4 77 theme raw 797:799 arg1 sweetpotatoes 801:813 raw sweetpotatoes 797:813 raw sweetpotatoes 797:813 Dry matter (DM), alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS), starch, sugar, and oil content, and also α- and β-amylase activities were quantified in raw sweetpotatoes and SPFF. 29178339 8 78 from content 1333:1339 arg1 sweetpotatoes 1348:1360 raw sweetpotatoes 1344:1360 raw sweetpotatoes 1344:1360 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 2 79 theme chemical 328:335 arg1 components 337:346 chemical components 328:346 chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF 328:418 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 29178339 6 80 theme Descriptive 949:959 arg1 analysis 969:976 Descriptive sensory analysis 949:976 Descriptive sensory analysis 949:976 Descriptive sensory analysis was conducted and 10 attributes were evaluated by a trained panel. 29178339 11 81 theme recent 1969:1974 arg1 fries 2002:2006 fries 2002:2006 fries 2002:2006 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 11 81 theme recent 1969:1974 arg1 years 1976:1980 recent years 1969:1980 recent years 1969:1980 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 9 82 dep crispness 1646:1654 arg1 = 1659:1659 = 1659:1659 = 1659:1659 Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = -0.61 to -0.91). 29178339 3 83 dep relationship 567:578 arg1 3 560:560 3 560:560 3 560:560 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 1 84 from relation 245:252 arg1 available 204:212 available 204:212 available 204:212 Sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) are growing in popularity, however limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to chemical composition. 29178339 7 85 dep r 1302:1302 arg1 to 1311:1312 to 1311:1312 to 1311:1312 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 86 from content 1085:1091 arg1 sweetpotatoes 1100:1112 raw sweetpotatoes 1096:1112 raw sweetpotatoes 1096:1112 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 9 87 dep -0.91 1770:1774 arg1 to 1767:1768 to 1767:1768 to 1767:1768 Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = -0.61 to -0.91). 29178339 5 88 theme textural 881:888 arg1 properties 890:899 instrumental textural properties 868:899 instrumental textural properties of SPFF 868:907 Peak force and overall hardness describing instrumental textural properties of SPFF were measured using a texture analyzer. 29178339 9 89 theme hardness 1616:1623 arg1 attributes 1602:1611 sensory attributes 1594:1611 sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) 1594:1673 Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = -0.61 to -0.91). 29178339 11 90 from APPLICATION 1954:1964 arg1 fries 2002:2006 fries 2002:2006 fries 2002:2006 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 11 90 from APPLICATION 1954:1964 arg1 years 1976:1980 recent years 1969:1980 recent years 1969:1980 PRACTICAL APPLICATION In recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. 29178339 9 91 theme fracturability 1626:1639 arg1 attributes 1602:1611 sensory attributes 1594:1611 sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) 1594:1673 Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = -0.61 to -0.91). 29178339 3 92 theme instrumental 609:620 arg1 measurements 622:633 instrumental measurements 609:633 instrumental measurements 609:633 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 5 93 theme overall 840:846 arg1 hardness 848:855 overall hardness 840:855 overall hardness 840:855 Peak force and overall hardness describing instrumental textural properties of SPFF were measured using a texture analyzer. 29178339 8 94 dep -0.69 1528:1532 arg1 to 1525:1526 to 1525:1526 to 1525:1526 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 10 95 theme sugar 1816:1820 arg1 AIS 1793:1795 AIS 1793:1795 AIS 1793:1795 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 95 theme sugar 1816:1820 arg1 DM 1789:1790 DM 1789:1790 DM 1789:1790 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 95 theme sugar 1816:1820 arg1 contents 1822:1829 total sugar contents 1810:1829 total sugar contents 1810:1829 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 95 theme sugar 1816:1820 arg1 starch 1798:1803 starch 1798:1803 starch 1798:1803 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 95 theme sugar 1816:1820 arg1 indicators 1878:1887 indicators 1878:1887 indicators 1878:1887 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 0 96 theme Processed 90:98 arg1 Fries 107:111 Processed French Fries 90:111 Processed French Fries 90:111 Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries. 29178339 8 97 dep = 1517:1517 arg1 -0.69 1528:1532 -0.69 1528:1532 -0.69 1528:1532 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 0 98 from Constituents 9:20 arg1 Relation 50:57 Relation 50:57 Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries 50:111 Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries. 29178339 7 99 dep correlated 1133:1142 arg1 < 1147:1147 P < 0.05 1145:1152 P < 0.05 1145:1152 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 12 100 theme SPFF 2443:2446 arg1 measurements 2427:2438 instrumental texture measurements 2406:2438 instrumental texture measurements of SPFF 2406:2446 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 12 100 theme SPFF 2443:2446 arg1 sweetpotatoes 2388:2400 raw sweetpotatoes 2384:2400 raw sweetpotatoes 2384:2400 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 0 101 theme Fries 107:111 arg1 Characteristics 71:85 Textural Characteristics 62:85 Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries 62:111 Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries. 29178339 10 102 used used 1870:1873 arg2 DM 1789:1790 DM 1789:1790 DM 1789:1790 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 102 used used 1870:1873 arg2 indicators 1878:1887 indicators 1878:1887 indicators 1878:1887 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 102 used used 1870:1873 arg2 starch 1798:1803 starch 1798:1803 starch 1798:1803 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 102 used used 1870:1873 arg2 contents 1822:1829 total sugar contents 1810:1829 total sugar contents 1810:1829 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 10 102 used used 1870:1873 arg2 AIS 1793:1795 AIS 1793:1795 AIS 1793:1795 Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing. 29178339 5 103 theme texture 931:937 arg1 analyzer 939:946 a texture analyzer 929:946 a texture analyzer 929:946 Peak force and overall hardness describing instrumental textural properties of SPFF were measured using a texture analyzer. 29178339 4 104 theme oil 728:730 arg1 content 732:738 oil content 728:738 oil content 728:738 Dry matter (DM), alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS), starch, sugar, and oil content, and also α- and β-amylase activities were quantified in raw sweetpotatoes and SPFF. 29178339 12 105 theme instrumental 2406:2417 arg1 measurements 2427:2438 instrumental texture measurements 2406:2438 instrumental texture measurements of SPFF 2406:2446 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 7 106 theme sensory 1234:1240 arg1 fracturability 1271:1284 fracturability 1271:1284 fracturability 1271:1284 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 106 theme sensory 1234:1240 arg1 crispness 1291:1299 crispness 1291:1299 crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90) 1291:1318 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 106 theme sensory 1234:1240 arg1 hardness 1261:1268 hardness 1261:1268 hardness 1261:1268 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 106 theme sensory 1234:1240 arg1 roughness 1250:1258 sensory surface roughness 1234:1258 sensory surface roughness 1234:1258 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 12 107 theme measurements 2427:2438 arg1 matter 2340:2345 dry matter 2336:2345 dry matter 2336:2345 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 12 107 theme measurements 2427:2438 arg1 contents 2372:2379 total sugar contents 2360:2379 total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF 2360:2446 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 12 107 theme measurements 2427:2438 arg1 starch 2348:2353 starch 2348:2353 starch 2348:2353 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 0 108 theme Sweetpotato 25:35 arg1 Genotypes 37:45 Sweetpotato Genotypes 25:45 Sweetpotato Genotypes 25:45 Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries. 29178339 4 109 theme β-amylase 757:765 arg1 activities 767:776 α- and β-amylase activities 750:776 α- and β-amylase activities 750:776 Dry matter (DM), alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS), starch, sugar, and oil content, and also α- and β-amylase activities were quantified in raw sweetpotatoes and SPFF. 29178339 9 110 dep cohesiveness 1743:1754 arg1 = 1759:1759 = 1759:1759 = 1759:1759 Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = -0.61 to -0.91). 29178339 6 111 theme trained 1030:1036 arg1 panel 1038:1042 a trained panel 1028:1042 a trained panel 1028:1042 Descriptive sensory analysis was conducted and 10 attributes were evaluated by a trained panel. 29178339 13 112 theme breeding 2524:2531 arg1 programs 2533:2540 breeding programs 2524:2540 breeding programs 2524:2540 The knowledge generated from this study will benefit the food industry and breeding programs with the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality. 29178339 3 113 theme sensory 640:646 arg1 attributes 648:657 sensory attributes 640:657 sensory attributes 640:657 Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. 29178339 8 114 theme peak 1482:1485 arg1 force 1487:1491 instrumental peak force 1469:1491 instrumental peak force 1469:1491 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 2 115 theme different 351:359 arg1 SPFF 415:418 SPFF 415:418 SPFF 415:418 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 29178339 2 115 theme different 351:359 arg1 varieties 373:381 different sweetpotato varieties 351:381 different sweetpotato varieties 351:381 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 29178339 13 116 theme improved 2590:2597 arg1 quality 2604:2610 improved SPFF quality 2590:2610 improved SPFF quality 2590:2610 The knowledge generated from this study will benefit the food industry and breeding programs with the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality. 29178339 7 117 theme = 1208:1208 arg1 r 1206:1206 r = 0.41 to 0.68 1206:1221 r = 0.41 to 0.68 1206:1221 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 7 117 theme = 1208:1208 arg1 hardness 1196:1203 overall hardness 1188:1203 overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68) 1188:1222 Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). 29178339 12 118 theme texture 2228:2234 arg1 attributes 2236:2245 sensory texture attributes 2220:2245 sensory texture attributes of SPFF 2220:2253 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 13 119 with programs 2533:2540 arg1 selection 2551:2559 the selection 2547:2559 the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality 2547:2610 The knowledge generated from this study will benefit the food industry and breeding programs with the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality. 29178339 1 120 theme textural 222:229 arg1 properties 231:240 SPFF textural properties 217:240 SPFF textural properties 217:240 Sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) are growing in popularity, however limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to chemical composition. 29178339 12 121 theme raw 2384:2386 arg1 sweetpotatoes 2388:2400 raw sweetpotatoes 2384:2400 raw sweetpotatoes 2384:2400 This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. 29178339 8 122 theme Total 1321:1325 arg1 content 1333:1339 Total sugar content 1321:1339 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes 1321:1360 Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = -0.62 to -0.69). 29178339 2 123 theme textural 387:394 arg1 characteristics 396:410 textural characteristics 387:410 textural characteristics of SPFF 387:418 This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. 25861947 7 0 theme chondrogenic 1207:1218 arg1 phenotype 1220:1228 the chondrogenic phenotype 1203:1228 the chondrogenic phenotype 1203:1228 These properties of the hydrogel were successfully combined with TGF-β3 delivery by gelatin microspheres, which promoted the chondrogenic phenotype. 25861947 6 1 theme differentiation 974:988 arg1 potential 990:998 chondrogenic differentiation potential 961:998 chondrogenic differentiation potential 961:998 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 7 2 theme hydrogel 1106:1113 arg1 properties 1088:1097 These properties 1082:1097 These properties of the hydrogel 1082:1113 These properties of the hydrogel were successfully combined with TGF-β3 delivery by gelatin microspheres, which promoted the chondrogenic phenotype. 25861947 1 3 theme Intervertebral 180:193 arg1 degeneration 206:217 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 180:217 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 180:217 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the main causes of low back pain. 25861947 4 4 theme weight 558:563 arg1 acid 576:579 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid 535:579 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 535:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 4 theme weight 558:563 arg1 HA 586:587 LMW HA 582:587 LMW HA 582:587 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 1 5 theme disc 195:198 arg1 degeneration 206:217 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 180:217 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 180:217 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the main causes of low back pain. 25861947 1 6 theme pain 257:260 arg1 causes 238:243 the main causes 229:243 the main causes of low back pain 229:260 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the main causes of low back pain. 25861947 4 7 theme molecular 548:556 arg1 weight 558:563 collagen-low molecular weight 535:563 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 535:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 8 8 theme functional 1393:1402 arg1 features 1419:1426 important rheological, functional and biological features 1370:1426 important rheological, functional and biological features 1370:1426 Altogether, collagen-LMW HA loaded with gelatin microspheres represents a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering as it combines important rheological, functional and biological features. 25861947 6 9 theme stem 1015:1018 arg1 cells 1020:1024 mesenchymal stem cells 1003:1024 mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 1003:1030 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 6 9 theme stem 1015:1018 arg1 MSC 1027:1029 MSC 1027:1029 MSC 1027:1029 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 0 10 theme cell 113:116 arg1 factor 129:134 cell and growth factor 113:134 factor 129:134 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 6 11 theme mesenchymal 1003:1013 arg1 cells 1020:1024 mesenchymal stem cells 1003:1024 mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 1003:1030 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 6 11 theme mesenchymal 1003:1013 arg1 MSC 1027:1029 MSC 1027:1029 MSC 1027:1029 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 0 12 theme factor 129:134 arg1 delivery 136:143 cell and growth factor delivery 113:143 cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration 113:177 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 6 13 theme nasal 1036:1040 arg1 NC 1056:1057 NC 1056:1057 NC 1056:1057 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 6 13 theme nasal 1036:1040 arg1 chondrocytes 1042:1053 nasal chondrocytes 1036:1053 nasal chondrocytes (NC) 1036:1058 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 5 14 theme gel-like 793:800 arg1 behavior 802:809 a gel-like behavior 791:809 a gel-like behavior 791:809 The material displayed a gel-like behavior, it was easily injectable as demonstrated by suitable tests and did not induce cytotoxicity or inflammation. 25861947 0 15 theme growth 122:127 arg1 factor 129:134 cell and growth factor 113:134 factor 129:134 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 2 16 theme surgical 271:278 arg1 treatments 280:289 Current surgical treatments 263:289 Current surgical treatments 263:289 Current surgical treatments are complex and generally do not fully restore spine mobility. 25861947 3 17 theme injectable 369:378 arg1 hydrogels 407:415 injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels 369:415 injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels 369:415 Development of injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels offers an opportunity for minimally invasive treatment of IVD degeneration. 25861947 1 18 theme IVD 201:203 arg1 degeneration 206:217 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 180:217 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 180:217 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the main causes of low back pain. 25861947 0 19 theme molecular 13:21 arg1 weight 23:28 Collagen-low molecular weight 0:28 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network 0:74 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 4 20 theme specific 511:518 arg1 formulation 520:530 a specific formulation 509:530 a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 509:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 21 theme tissue 692:697 arg1 engineering 699:709 tissue engineering 692:709 tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 692:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 7 22 theme gelatin 1166:1172 arg1 microspheres 1174:1185 gelatin microspheres 1166:1185 gelatin microspheres 1166:1185 These properties of the hydrogel were successfully combined with TGF-β3 delivery by gelatin microspheres, which promoted the chondrogenic phenotype. 25861947 3 23 theme invasive 453:460 arg1 treatment 462:470 minimally invasive treatment 443:470 minimally invasive treatment of IVD degeneration 443:490 Development of injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels offers an opportunity for minimally invasive treatment of IVD degeneration. 25861947 0 24 theme Collagen-low 0:11 arg1 weight 23:28 Collagen-low molecular weight 0:28 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network 0:74 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 7 25 theme TGF-β3 1147:1152 arg1 delivery 1154:1161 TGF-β3 delivery 1147:1161 TGF-β3 delivery by gelatin microspheres, which promoted the chondrogenic phenotype 1147:1228 These properties of the hydrogel were successfully combined with TGF-β3 delivery by gelatin microspheres, which promoted the chondrogenic phenotype. 25861947 8 26 theme rheological 1380:1390 arg1 features 1419:1426 important rheological, functional and biological features 1370:1426 important rheological, functional and biological features 1370:1426 Altogether, collagen-LMW HA loaded with gelatin microspheres represents a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering as it combines important rheological, functional and biological features. 25861947 8 27 theme important 1370:1378 arg1 features 1419:1426 important rheological, functional and biological features 1370:1426 important rheological, functional and biological features 1370:1426 Altogether, collagen-LMW HA loaded with gelatin microspheres represents a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering as it combines important rheological, functional and biological features. 25861947 0 28 theme hyaluronic 30:39 arg1 acid 41:44 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid 0:44 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network 0:74 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 8 29 theme material 1320:1327 arg1 candidate 1310:1318 a good candidate 1303:1318 a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering 1303:1353 Altogether, collagen-LMW HA loaded with gelatin microspheres represents a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering as it combines important rheological, functional and biological features. 25861947 4 30 theme semi-interpenetrating 590:610 arg1 semi-IPN 621:628 semi-IPN 621:628 semi-IPN 621:628 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 30 theme semi-interpenetrating 590:610 arg1 network 612:618 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network 535:618 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 535:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 0 31 theme weight 23:28 arg1 acid 41:44 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid 0:44 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network 0:74 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 4 32 theme network 612:618 arg1 formulation 520:530 a specific formulation 509:530 a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 509:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 33 theme gelatin 643:649 arg1 microspheres 651:662 gelatin microspheres 643:662 gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 643:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 8 34 theme tissue 1336:1341 arg1 engineering 1343:1353 NP tissue engineering 1333:1353 NP tissue engineering 1333:1353 Altogether, collagen-LMW HA loaded with gelatin microspheres represents a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering as it combines important rheological, functional and biological features. 25861947 8 35 theme NP 1333:1334 arg1 engineering 1343:1353 NP tissue engineering 1333:1353 NP tissue engineering 1333:1353 Altogether, collagen-LMW HA loaded with gelatin microspheres represents a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering as it combines important rheological, functional and biological features. 25861947 0 36 theme semi-interpenetrating 46:66 arg1 network 68:74 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network 0:74 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network 0:74 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 4 37 theme IVD 736:738 arg1 pulposus 753:760 the nucleus pulposus 741:760 the nucleus pulposus (NP) 741:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 37 theme IVD 736:738 arg1 part 724:727 the inner part 714:727 the inner part of the IVD 714:738 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 0 38 theme pulposus 157:164 arg1 regeneration 166:177 nucleus pulposus regeneration 149:177 nucleus pulposus regeneration 149:177 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 6 39 theme chondrogenic 961:972 arg1 potential 990:998 chondrogenic differentiation potential 961:998 chondrogenic differentiation potential 961:998 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 3 40 theme degeneration 479:490 arg1 treatment 462:470 minimally invasive treatment 443:470 minimally invasive treatment of IVD degeneration 443:490 Development of injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels offers an opportunity for minimally invasive treatment of IVD degeneration. 25861947 0 41 theme acid 41:44 arg1 network 68:74 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network 0:74 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network 0:74 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 4 42 theme acid 576:579 arg1 semi-IPN 621:628 semi-IPN 621:628 semi-IPN 621:628 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 42 theme acid 576:579 arg1 network 612:618 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network 535:618 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 535:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 0 43 theme nucleus 149:155 arg1 regeneration 166:177 nucleus pulposus regeneration 149:177 nucleus pulposus regeneration 149:177 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 6 44 theme cells 1020:1024 arg1 growth 950:955 growth 950:955 growth 950:955 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 6 44 theme cells 1020:1024 arg1 potential 990:998 chondrogenic differentiation potential 961:998 chondrogenic differentiation potential 961:998 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 3 45 theme extracellular 380:392 arg1 hydrogels 407:415 injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels 369:415 injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels 369:415 Development of injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels offers an opportunity for minimally invasive treatment of IVD degeneration. 25861947 5 46 theme suitable 856:863 arg1 tests 865:869 suitable tests 856:869 suitable tests 856:869 The material displayed a gel-like behavior, it was easily injectable as demonstrated by suitable tests and did not induce cytotoxicity or inflammation. 25861947 4 47 theme hyaluronic 565:574 arg1 acid 576:579 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid 535:579 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 535:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 47 theme hyaluronic 565:574 arg1 HA 586:587 LMW HA 582:587 LMW HA 582:587 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 8 48 theme gelatin 1271:1277 arg1 microspheres 1279:1290 gelatin microspheres 1271:1290 gelatin microspheres 1271:1290 Altogether, collagen-LMW HA loaded with gelatin microspheres represents a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering as it combines important rheological, functional and biological features. 25861947 6 49 dep growth 950:955 arg1 the 946:948 the 946:948 the 946:948 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 8 50 theme good 1305:1308 arg1 candidate 1310:1318 a good candidate 1303:1318 a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering 1303:1353 Altogether, collagen-LMW HA loaded with gelatin microspheres represents a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering as it combines important rheological, functional and biological features. 25861947 4 51 theme LMW 582:584 arg1 acid 576:579 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid 535:579 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 535:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 51 theme LMW 582:584 arg1 HA 586:587 LMW HA 582:587 LMW HA 582:587 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 2 52 theme spine 338:342 arg1 mobility 344:351 spine mobility 338:351 spine mobility 338:351 Current surgical treatments are complex and generally do not fully restore spine mobility. 25861947 2 53 theme Current 263:269 arg1 treatments 280:289 Current surgical treatments 263:289 Current surgical treatments 263:289 Current surgical treatments are complex and generally do not fully restore spine mobility. 25861947 8 54 theme biological 1408:1417 arg1 features 1419:1426 important rheological, functional and biological features 1370:1426 important rheological, functional and biological features 1370:1426 Altogether, collagen-LMW HA loaded with gelatin microspheres represents a good candidate material for NP tissue engineering as it combines important rheological, functional and biological features. 25861947 4 55 theme nucleus 745:751 arg1 NP 763:764 NP 763:764 NP 763:764 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 55 theme nucleus 745:751 arg1 pulposus 753:760 the nucleus pulposus 741:760 the nucleus pulposus (NP) 741:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 55 theme nucleus 745:751 arg1 part 724:727 the inner part 714:727 the inner part of the IVD 714:738 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 1 56 theme main 233:236 arg1 causes 238:243 the main causes 229:243 the main causes of low back pain 229:260 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the main causes of low back pain. 25861947 4 57 theme inner 718:722 arg1 pulposus 753:760 the nucleus pulposus 741:760 the nucleus pulposus (NP) 741:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 57 theme inner 718:722 arg1 part 724:727 the inner part 714:727 the inner part of the IVD 714:738 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 1 58 theme causes 238:243 arg1 one 222:224 one 222:224 one 222:224 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the main causes of low back pain. 25861947 1 58 theme causes 238:243 arg1 causes 238:243 the main causes 229:243 the main causes of low back pain 229:260 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the main causes of low back pain. 25861947 0 59 theme gelatin 88:94 arg1 microspheres 96:107 gelatin microspheres 88:107 gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration 88:177 Collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres for cell and growth factor delivery for nucleus pulposus regeneration. 25861947 6 60 theme chondrocytes 1042:1053 arg1 growth 950:955 growth 950:955 growth 950:955 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 6 60 theme chondrocytes 1042:1053 arg1 potential 990:998 chondrogenic differentiation potential 961:998 chondrogenic differentiation potential 961:998 Importantly, it supported the growth and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and nasal chondrocytes (NC) in vitro and in vivo. 25861947 4 61 theme potential 669:677 arg1 material 679:686 a potential material 667:686 a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 667:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 4 62 theme part 724:727 arg1 engineering 699:709 tissue engineering 692:709 tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 692:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 3 63 theme IVD 475:477 arg1 degeneration 479:490 IVD degeneration 475:490 IVD degeneration 475:490 Development of injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels offers an opportunity for minimally invasive treatment of IVD degeneration. 25861947 4 64 theme collagen-low 535:546 arg1 weight 558:563 collagen-low molecular weight 535:563 collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP) 535:765 Here we analyze a specific formulation of collagen-low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) loaded with gelatin microspheres as a potential material for tissue engineering of the inner part of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25861947 3 65 theme matrix-based 394:405 arg1 hydrogels 407:415 injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels 369:415 injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels 369:415 Development of injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels offers an opportunity for minimally invasive treatment of IVD degeneration. 25861947 3 66 theme hydrogels 407:415 arg1 Development 354:364 Development 354:364 Development of injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels 354:415 Development of injectable extracellular matrix-based hydrogels offers an opportunity for minimally invasive treatment of IVD degeneration. 25861947 1 67 theme low 248:250 arg1 pain 257:260 low back pain 248:260 low back pain 248:260 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the main causes of low back pain. 24747144 9 0 theme microbiome 1762:1771 arg1 PPA 1791:1793 PPA 1791:1793 PPA 1791:1793 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 9 0 theme microbiome 1762:1771 arg1 products 1773:1780 microbiome products 1762:1780 microbiome products 1762:1780 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 9 0 theme microbiome 1762:1771 arg1 LPS 1798:1800 LPS 1798:1800 LPS 1798:1800 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 3 1 theme acid 708:711 arg1 effects 678:684 the effects 674:684 the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 674:974 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 2 2 theme metabolite 599:608 arg1 composition 610:620 abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition 576:620 abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition 576:620 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 3 3 theme short 722:726 arg1 acid 708:711 prenatal propionic acid 689:711 prenatal propionic acid (PPA) 689:717 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 3 theme short 722:726 arg1 acid 740:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 0 4 theme spectrum 173:180 arg1 disorders 182:190 autism spectrum disorders 166:190 autism spectrum disorders 166:190 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 8 5 theme Prenatal 1583:1590 arg1 LPS 1592:1594 Prenatal LPS 1583:1594 Prenatal LPS 1583:1594 Prenatal LPS produced subtle impairments in social behavior in adult male and female rats. 24747144 6 6 theme male 1232:1235 arg1 pups 1260:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups 1227:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups 1227:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 24747144 2 7 theme system 633:638 arg1 dysfunction 640:650 immune system dysfunction 626:650 immune system dysfunction 626:650 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 4 8 theme gestation 1076:1084 arg1 days 1086:1089 gestation days G12-16 1076:1096 gestation days G12-16 1076:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 3 9 theme fatty 734:738 arg1 acid 708:711 prenatal propionic acid 689:711 prenatal propionic acid (PPA) 689:717 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 9 theme fatty 734:738 arg1 acid 740:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 8 10 theme social 1627:1632 arg1 behavior 1634:1641 social behavior 1627:1641 social behavior in adult male and female rats 1627:1671 Prenatal LPS produced subtle impairments in social behavior in adult male and female rats. 24747144 1 11 theme Emerging 193:200 arg1 evidence 202:209 Emerging evidence 193:209 Emerging evidence 193:209 Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays an important role in immune functioning, behavioral regulation and neurodevelopment. 24747144 4 12 theme mg/kg 1063:1067 arg1 SC 1069:1070 500 mg/kg SC 1059:1070 500 mg/kg SC 1059:1070 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 12 theme mg/kg 1063:1067 arg1 PPA 1054:1056 PPA 1054:1056 PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16 1054:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 8 13 theme female 1661:1666 arg1 rats 1668:1671 adult male and female rats 1646:1671 adult male and female rats 1646:1671 Prenatal LPS produced subtle impairments in social behavior in adult male and female rats. 24747144 3 14 theme many 770:773 arg1 bacteria 804:811 many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 770:811 many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 770:811 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 2 15 theme gut 585:587 arg1 composition 610:620 abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition 576:620 abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition 576:620 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 5 16 from effects 1192:1198 arg1 behavior 1203:1210 behavior 1203:1210 behavior 1203:1210 Sex- and age-specific, subtle effects on behavior were observed. 24747144 9 17 theme neonatal 1824:1831 arg1 behavior 1862:1869 neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior 1824:1869 neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior 1824:1869 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 0 18 theme adult 137:141 arg1 rats 143:146 neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats 111:146 neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats 111:146 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 8 19 theme male 1652:1655 arg1 rats 1668:1671 adult male and female rats 1646:1671 adult male and female rats 1646:1671 Prenatal LPS produced subtle impairments in social behavior in adult male and female rats. 24747144 9 20 theme adolescent 1834:1843 arg1 behavior 1862:1869 neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior 1824:1869 neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior 1824:1869 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 5 21 theme age-specific 1171:1182 arg1 effects 1192:1198 Sex- and age-specific, subtle effects 1162:1198 effects 1192:1198 Sex- and age-specific, subtle effects on behavior were observed. 24747144 3 22 theme bacteria 804:811 arg1 acid 708:711 prenatal propionic acid 689:711 prenatal propionic acid (PPA) 689:717 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 22 theme bacteria 804:811 arg1 acid 740:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 22 theme bacteria 804:811 arg1 product 759:765 metabolic product 749:765 metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 749:811 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 4 23 dep days 1086:1089 arg1 G12-16 1091:1096 G12-16 1091:1096 G12-16 1091:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 9 24 theme adult 1849:1853 arg1 behavior 1862:1869 neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior 1824:1869 neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior 1824:1869 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 5 25 theme subtle 1185:1190 arg1 effects 1192:1198 Sex- and age-specific, subtle effects 1162:1198 effects 1192:1198 Sex- and age-specific, subtle effects on behavior were observed. 24747144 3 26 theme resistant 786:794 arg1 bacteria 804:811 many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 770:811 many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 770:811 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 27 theme mimetic 868:874 arg1 component 891:899 a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component 856:899 a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component 856:899 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 27 theme mimetic 868:874 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 830:847 prenatal lipopolysaccharide 821:847 prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 821:853 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 2 28 theme spectrum 506:513 arg1 disorders 515:523 autism spectrum disorders 499:523 autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 499:529 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 2 28 theme spectrum 506:513 arg1 ASD 526:528 ASD 526:528 ASD 526:528 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 0 29 from effects 19:25 arg1 behavior 99:106 social behavior 92:106 social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats 92:146 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 3 30 theme prenatal 821:828 arg1 component 891:899 a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component 856:899 a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component 856:899 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 30 theme prenatal 821:828 arg1 LPS 850:852 LPS 850:852 LPS 850:852 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 30 theme prenatal 821:828 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 830:847 prenatal lipopolysaccharide 821:847 prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 821:853 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 4 31 from day 1023:1025 arg1 G12-16 1154:1159 G12-16 1154:1159 G12-16 1154:1159 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 31 from day 1023:1025 arg1 G12 1147:1149 G12 1147:1149 G12 1147:1149 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 32 theme vehicle 1128:1134 arg1 control 1136:1142 vehicle control 1128:1142 vehicle control 1128:1142 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 5 33 theme Sex- 1162:1165 arg1 effects 1192:1198 Sex- and age-specific, subtle effects 1162:1198 effects 1192:1198 Sex- and age-specific, subtle effects on behavior were observed. 24747144 0 34 theme social 92:97 arg1 behavior 99:106 social behavior 92:106 social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats 92:146 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 7 35 theme PPA 1570:1572 arg1 females 1574:1580 prenatal PPA females 1561:1580 prenatal PPA females 1561:1580 As well, adolescent males, born to PPA treated dams, approached a novel object more than control animals and showed increased levels of locomotor activity compared to prenatal PPA females. 24747144 7 36 theme treated 1433:1439 arg1 dams 1441:1444 PPA treated dams 1429:1444 PPA treated dams 1429:1444 As well, adolescent males, born to PPA treated dams, approached a novel object more than control animals and showed increased levels of locomotor activity compared to prenatal PPA females. 24747144 3 37 theme microbiome 880:889 arg1 component 891:899 a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component 856:899 a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component 856:899 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 37 theme microbiome 880:889 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 830:847 prenatal lipopolysaccharide 821:847 prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 821:853 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 2 38 theme fatty 397:401 arg1 acids 403:407 altered short chain fatty acids 377:407 altered short chain fatty acids 377:407 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 6 39 theme response 1311:1318 arg1 test 1284:1287 a test 1282:1287 a test of their nest seeking response 1282:1318 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 24747144 4 40 with day 1023:1025 arg1 LPS 1099:1101 LPS 1099:1101 LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12 1099:1122 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 40 with day 1023:1025 arg1 control 1136:1142 vehicle control 1128:1142 vehicle control 1128:1142 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 40 with day 1023:1025 arg1 SC 1113:1114 50 μg/kg SC 1104:1114 50 μg/kg SC 1104:1114 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 40 with day 1023:1025 arg1 level 1045:1049 a low level 1039:1049 a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16 1039:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 7 41 theme activity 1540:1547 arg1 levels 1520:1525 increased levels 1510:1525 increased levels of locomotor activity 1510:1547 As well, adolescent males, born to PPA treated dams, approached a novel object more than control animals and showed increased levels of locomotor activity compared to prenatal PPA females. 24747144 6 42 theme nest 1298:1301 arg1 response 1311:1318 their nest seeking response 1292:1318 their nest seeking response 1292:1318 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 24747144 1 43 theme functioning 278:288 arg1 regulation 302:311 immune functioning, behavioral regulation 271:311 immune functioning, behavioral regulation 271:311 Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays an important role in immune functioning, behavioral regulation and neurodevelopment. 24747144 3 44 theme social 905:910 arg1 behavior 912:919 social behavior 905:919 social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 905:974 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 4 45 theme Pregnant 977:984 arg1 rats 997:1000 Pregnant Long-Evans rats 977:1000 Pregnant Long-Evans rats 977:1000 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 2 46 theme immune 417:422 arg1 dysfunction 431:441 immune system dysfunction 417:441 immune system dysfunction 417:441 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 0 47 theme prenatal 30:37 arg1 exposure 39:46 prenatal exposure 30:46 prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide 30:87 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 3 48 theme neonatal 940:947 arg1 rats 971:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 9 49 theme brief 1716:1720 arg1 exposure 1731:1738 brief prenatal exposure 1716:1738 brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, 1716:1801 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 3 50 theme propionic 698:706 arg1 PPA 714:716 PPA 714:716 PPA 714:716 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 50 theme propionic 698:706 arg1 acid 708:711 prenatal propionic acid 689:711 prenatal propionic acid (PPA) 689:717 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 50 theme propionic 698:706 arg1 acid 740:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 50 theme propionic 698:706 arg1 product 759:765 metabolic product 749:765 metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 749:811 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 2 51 theme Altered 335:341 arg1 composition 354:364 Altered microbiome composition 335:364 Altered microbiome composition 335:364 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 4 52 from LPS 1099:1101 arg1 G12 1120:1122 G12 1120:1122 G12 1120:1122 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 52 from LPS 1099:1101 arg1 days 1086:1089 gestation days G12-16 1076:1096 gestation days G12-16 1076:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 3 53 theme adult 965:969 arg1 rats 971:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 4 54 theme PPA 1054:1056 arg1 LPS 1099:1101 LPS 1099:1101 LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12 1099:1122 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 54 theme PPA 1054:1056 arg1 level 1045:1049 a low level 1039:1049 a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16 1039:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 54 theme PPA 1054:1056 arg1 SC 1113:1114 50 μg/kg SC 1104:1114 50 μg/kg SC 1104:1114 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 54 theme PPA 1054:1056 arg1 control 1136:1142 vehicle control 1128:1142 vehicle control 1128:1142 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 3 55 from effects 678:684 arg1 behavior 912:919 social behavior 905:919 social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 905:974 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 8 56 from impairments 1612:1622 arg1 behavior 1634:1641 social behavior 1627:1641 social behavior in adult male and female rats 1627:1671 Prenatal LPS produced subtle impairments in social behavior in adult male and female rats. 24747144 2 57 theme short 385:389 arg1 acids 403:407 altered short chain fatty acids 377:407 altered short chain fatty acids 377:407 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 6 58 theme neonatal 1365:1372 arg1 recognition 1381:1391 olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition 1346:1391 olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition 1346:1391 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 24747144 1 59 theme gut 229:231 arg1 microbiome 233:242 the gut microbiome 225:242 the gut microbiome 225:242 Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays an important role in immune functioning, behavioral regulation and neurodevelopment. 24747144 3 60 theme enteric 796:802 arg1 bacteria 804:811 many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 770:811 many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 770:811 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 61 theme adolescent 950:959 arg1 rats 971:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 0 62 theme autism 166:171 arg1 disorders 182:190 autism spectrum disorders 166:190 autism spectrum disorders 166:190 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 9 63 theme products 1773:1780 arg1 levels 1752:1757 elevated levels 1743:1757 elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, 1743:1801 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 1 64 theme important 253:261 arg1 role 263:266 an important role 250:266 an important role 250:266 Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays an important role in immune functioning, behavioral regulation and neurodevelopment. 24747144 2 65 theme bacterial 589:597 arg1 composition 610:620 abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition 576:620 abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition 576:620 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 3 66 theme chain 728:732 arg1 acid 708:711 prenatal propionic acid 689:711 prenatal propionic acid (PPA) 689:717 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 66 theme chain 728:732 arg1 acid 740:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 4 67 from days 1086:1089 arg1 LPS 1099:1101 LPS 1099:1101 LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12 1099:1122 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 67 from days 1086:1089 arg1 level 1045:1049 a low level 1039:1049 a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16 1039:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 67 from days 1086:1089 arg1 SC 1113:1114 50 μg/kg SC 1104:1114 50 μg/kg SC 1104:1114 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 67 from days 1086:1089 arg1 control 1136:1142 vehicle control 1128:1142 vehicle control 1128:1142 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 2 68 theme neurodevelopmental 462:479 arg1 disorders 515:523 autism spectrum disorders 499:523 autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 499:529 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 2 68 theme neurodevelopmental 462:479 arg1 disorders 481:489 neurodevelopmental disorders 462:489 neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 462:529 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 7 69 theme increased 1510:1518 arg1 levels 1520:1525 increased levels 1510:1525 increased levels of locomotor activity 1510:1547 As well, adolescent males, born to PPA treated dams, approached a novel object more than control animals and showed increased levels of locomotor activity compared to prenatal PPA females. 24747144 2 70 theme immune 626:631 arg1 dysfunction 640:650 immune system dysfunction 626:650 immune system dysfunction 626:650 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 8 71 from behavior 1634:1641 arg1 rats 1668:1671 adult male and female rats 1646:1671 adult male and female rats 1646:1671 Prenatal LPS produced subtle impairments in social behavior in adult male and female rats. 24747144 3 72 theme metabolic 749:757 arg1 acid 708:711 prenatal propionic acid 689:711 prenatal propionic acid (PPA) 689:717 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 72 theme metabolic 749:757 arg1 product 759:765 metabolic product 749:765 metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 749:811 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 0 73 theme adolescent 121:130 arg1 rats 143:146 neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats 111:146 neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats 111:146 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 8 74 theme subtle 1605:1610 arg1 impairments 1612:1622 subtle impairments 1605:1622 subtle impairments in social behavior in adult male and female rats 1605:1671 Prenatal LPS produced subtle impairments in social behavior in adult male and female rats. 24747144 7 75 theme control 1483:1489 arg1 animals 1491:1497 control animals 1483:1497 control animals 1483:1497 As well, adolescent males, born to PPA treated dams, approached a novel object more than control animals and showed increased levels of locomotor activity compared to prenatal PPA females. 24747144 3 76 from behavior 912:919 arg1 rats 971:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 4 77 theme μg/kg 1107:1111 arg1 LPS 1099:1101 LPS 1099:1101 LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12 1099:1122 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 77 theme μg/kg 1107:1111 arg1 SC 1113:1114 50 μg/kg SC 1104:1114 50 μg/kg SC 1104:1114 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 3 78 theme antibiotic 775:784 arg1 bacteria 804:811 many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 770:811 many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 770:811 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 4 79 from PPA 1054:1056 arg1 days 1086:1089 gestation days G12-16 1076:1096 gestation days G12-16 1076:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 2 80 theme abnormal 576:583 arg1 composition 610:620 abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition 576:620 abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition 576:620 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 8 81 theme adult 1646:1650 arg1 rats 1668:1671 adult male and female rats 1646:1671 adult male and female rats 1646:1671 Prenatal LPS produced subtle impairments in social behavior in adult male and female rats. 24747144 4 82 from level 1045:1049 arg1 G12 1120:1122 G12 1120:1122 G12 1120:1122 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 82 from level 1045:1049 arg1 days 1086:1089 gestation days G12-16 1076:1096 gestation days G12-16 1076:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 7 83 theme novel 1460:1464 arg1 object 1466:1471 a novel object 1458:1471 a novel object 1458:1471 As well, adolescent males, born to PPA treated dams, approached a novel object more than control animals and showed increased levels of locomotor activity compared to prenatal PPA females. 24747144 0 84 from behavior 99:106 arg1 rats 143:146 neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats 111:146 neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats 111:146 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 1 85 dep functioning 278:288 arg1 behavioral 291:300 behavioral 291:300 behavioral 291:300 Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays an important role in immune functioning, behavioral regulation and neurodevelopment. 24747144 9 86 theme social 1855:1860 arg1 behavior 1862:1869 neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior 1824:1869 neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior 1824:1869 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 6 87 theme PPA 1248:1250 arg1 pups 1260:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups 1227:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups 1227:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 24747144 2 88 theme autism 499:504 arg1 disorders 515:523 autism spectrum disorders 499:523 autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 499:529 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 2 88 theme autism 499:504 arg1 ASD 526:528 ASD 526:528 ASD 526:528 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 3 89 theme lipopolysaccharide 830:847 arg1 effects 678:684 the effects 674:684 the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 674:974 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 6 90 theme treated 1252:1258 arg1 pups 1260:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups 1227:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups 1227:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 24747144 0 91 dep effects 19:25 arg1 implications 149:160 implications 149:160 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 0:191 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 3 92 theme bacterial 858:866 arg1 component 891:899 a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component 856:899 a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component 856:899 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 92 theme bacterial 858:866 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 830:847 prenatal lipopolysaccharide 821:847 prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 821:853 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 7 93 theme PPA 1429:1431 arg1 dams 1441:1444 PPA treated dams 1429:1444 PPA treated dams 1429:1444 As well, adolescent males, born to PPA treated dams, approached a novel object more than control animals and showed increased levels of locomotor activity compared to prenatal PPA females. 24747144 0 94 theme neonatal 111:118 arg1 rats 143:146 neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats 111:146 neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats 111:146 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 4 95 from control 1136:1142 arg1 G12 1120:1122 G12 1120:1122 G12 1120:1122 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 4 95 from control 1136:1142 arg1 days 1086:1089 gestation days G12-16 1076:1096 gestation days G12-16 1076:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 9 96 theme elevated 1743:1750 arg1 levels 1752:1757 elevated levels 1743:1757 elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, 1743:1801 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 6 97 theme female 1241:1246 arg1 pups 1260:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups 1227:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups 1227:1263 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 24747144 0 98 theme dimorphic 9:17 arg1 effects 19:25 Sexually dimorphic effects 0:25 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 0:191 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 7 99 theme prenatal 1561:1568 arg1 females 1574:1580 prenatal PPA females 1561:1580 prenatal PPA females 1561:1580 As well, adolescent males, born to PPA treated dams, approached a novel object more than control animals and showed increased levels of locomotor activity compared to prenatal PPA females. 24747144 2 100 theme chain 391:395 arg1 acids 403:407 altered short chain fatty acids 377:407 altered short chain fatty acids 377:407 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 6 101 theme seeking 1303:1309 arg1 response 1311:1318 their nest seeking response 1292:1318 their nest seeking response 1292:1318 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 24747144 1 102 theme immune 271:276 arg1 regulation 302:311 immune functioning, behavioral regulation 271:311 immune functioning, behavioral regulation 271:311 Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays an important role in immune functioning, behavioral regulation and neurodevelopment. 24747144 3 103 theme male 924:927 arg1 rats 971:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 9 104 theme prenatal 1722:1729 arg1 exposure 1731:1738 brief prenatal exposure 1716:1738 brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, 1716:1801 These findings raise the possibility that brief prenatal exposure to elevated levels of microbiome products, such as PPA or LPS, can subtly influence neonatal, adolescent and adult social behavior. 24747144 2 105 theme system 424:429 arg1 dysfunction 431:441 immune system dysfunction 417:441 immune system dysfunction 417:441 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 0 106 theme exposure 39:46 arg1 effects 19:25 Sexually dimorphic effects 0:25 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 0:191 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 7 107 theme locomotor 1530:1538 arg1 activity 1540:1547 locomotor activity 1530:1547 locomotor activity 1530:1547 As well, adolescent males, born to PPA treated dams, approached a novel object more than control animals and showed increased levels of locomotor activity compared to prenatal PPA females. 24747144 0 108 theme propionic 51:59 arg1 acid 61:64 propionic acid 51:64 propionic acid 51:64 Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal exposure to propionic acid and lipopolysaccharide on social behavior in neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats: implications for autism spectrum disorders. 24747144 4 109 theme Long-Evans 986:995 arg1 rats 997:1000 Pregnant Long-Evans rats 977:1000 Pregnant Long-Evans rats 977:1000 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 3 110 theme prenatal 689:696 arg1 PPA 714:716 PPA 714:716 PPA 714:716 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 110 theme prenatal 689:696 arg1 acid 708:711 prenatal propionic acid 689:711 prenatal propionic acid (PPA) 689:717 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 110 theme prenatal 689:696 arg1 acid 740:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 a short chain fatty acid 720:743 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 3 110 theme prenatal 689:696 arg1 product 759:765 metabolic product 749:765 metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria 749:811 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 2 111 theme microbiome 343:352 arg1 composition 354:364 Altered microbiome composition 335:364 Altered microbiome composition 335:364 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 2 112 with children 542:549 arg1 ASD 556:558 ASD 556:558 ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction 556:650 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 7 113 theme adolescent 1403:1412 arg1 males 1414:1418 adolescent males 1403:1418 adolescent males 1403:1418 As well, adolescent males, born to PPA treated dams, approached a novel object more than control animals and showed increased levels of locomotor activity compared to prenatal PPA females. 24747144 6 114 from impairment 1332:1341 arg1 recognition 1381:1391 olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition 1346:1391 olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition 1346:1391 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 24747144 3 115 theme female 933:938 arg1 rats 971:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats 924:974 This study describes the effects of prenatal propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid and metabolic product of many antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria, and of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic and microbiome component, on social behavior in male and female neonatal, adolescent and adult rats. 24747144 4 116 theme low 1041:1043 arg1 level 1045:1049 a low level 1039:1049 a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16 1039:1096 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were injected once a day with either a low level of PPA (500 mg/kg SC) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 μg/kg SC) on G12, or vehicle control on G12 or G12-16. 24747144 6 117 theme social 1374:1379 arg1 recognition 1381:1391 olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition 1346:1391 olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition 1346:1391 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 24747144 2 118 theme altered 377:383 arg1 acids 403:407 altered short chain fatty acids 377:407 altered short chain fatty acids 377:407 Altered microbiome composition, including altered short chain fatty acids, and/or immune system dysfunction, may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with some children with ASD exhibiting both abnormal gut bacterial metabolite composition and immune system dysfunction. 24747144 6 119 theme olfactory-mediated 1346:1363 arg1 recognition 1381:1391 olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition 1346:1391 olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition 1346:1391 Both male and female PPA treated pups were impaired in a test of their nest seeking response, suggesting impairment in olfactory-mediated neonatal social recognition. 26601590 9 0 theme Clostridium 2261:2271 arg1 cluster 2273:2279 Clostridium cluster IV 2261:2282 Clostridium cluster IV 2261:2282 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 0 theme Clostridium 2261:2271 arg1 diets 2150:2154 the experimental diets 2133:2154 the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine) 2133:2331 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 10 1 from variations 2453:2462 arg1 groups 2477:2482 microbial groups 2467:2482 microbial groups 2467:2482 Furthermore, most relevant variations in microbial groups corresponded to as yet uncultured bacteria and suggest that these microorganisms may play a predominant role in the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats. 26601590 8 2 theme distinct 1838:1845 arg1 mechanisms 1855:1864 distinct ruminal mechanisms 1838:1864 distinct ruminal mechanisms 1838:1864 Altogether, these results suggest that distinct ruminal mechanisms lead to each type of diet-induced MFD and confirm a pronounced interaction with species. 26601590 4 3 theme gas 844:846 arg1 chromatography 848:861 gas chromatography 844:861 gas chromatography 844:861 On the last day of each period, fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) and bacterial community (by terminal-RFLP), as well as fermentation characteristics, were measured in rumen fluid samples. 26601590 7 4 theme FO-induced 1548:1557 arg1 MFD 1559:1561 FO-induced MFD 1548:1561 FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) 1548:1621 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 3 5 theme 2.2 618:620 arg1 % 621:621 % 621:621 % 621:621 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 6 6 theme SOS 1314:1316 arg1 18:2 1412:1415 cis-12 18:2 1405:1415 cis-12 18:2 1405:1415 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 6 6 theme SOS 1314:1316 arg1 diet 1318:1321 the SOS diet 1310:1321 the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) 1310:1416 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 9 7 theme bacterial 2049:2057 arg1 community 2059:2067 the rumen bacterial community 2039:2067 the rumen bacterial community 2039:2067 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 7 8 theme unexpected 1685:1694 arg1 susceptibility 1696:1709 their unexpected susceptibility 1679:1709 their unexpected susceptibility 1679:1709 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 9 9 from differences 1982:1992 arg1 composition 2024:2034 the composition 2020:2034 the composition of the rumen bacterial community 2020:2067 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 2 10 theme ruminant 489:496 arg1 species 498:504 ruminant species 489:504 ruminant species 489:504 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 9 11 dep diets 2150:2154 arg1 Ruminococcaceae 2163:2177 Ruminococcaceae 2163:2177 Ruminococcaceae 2163:2177 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 11 dep diets 2150:2154 arg1 Pseudobutryrivibrio 2240:2258 Pseudobutryrivibrio 2240:2258 Pseudobutryrivibrio 2240:2258 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 11 dep diets 2150:2154 arg1 e.g. 2157:2160 e.g. 2157:2160 e.g. 2157:2160 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 11 dep diets 2150:2154 arg1 diets 2150:2154 the experimental diets 2133:2154 the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine) 2133:2331 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 3 12 theme fish 623:626 arg1 FO 633:634 FO 633:634 FO 633:634 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 3 12 theme fish 623:626 arg1 oil 628:630 2.2% fish oil 618:630 2.2% fish oil (FO) 618:635 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 0 13 theme plant 99:103 arg1 oil 105:107 plant oil 99:107 plant oil 99:107 Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. 26601590 1 14 theme performance 157:167 arg1 responses 189:197 cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses 144:197 cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses 144:197 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 5 15 from species 1226:1232 arg1 similar 1210:1216 similar 1210:1216 similar 1210:1216 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 5 16 from variations 1092:1101 arg1 parameters 1124:1133 some fermentation parameters 1106:1133 some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) 1106:1203 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 7 17 theme fat 1786:1788 arg1 content 1790:1796 milk fat content 1781:1796 milk fat content 1781:1796 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 0 18 theme lipid 22:26 arg1 metabolism 28:37 ruminal lipid metabolism 14:37 ruminal lipid metabolism 14:37 Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. 26601590 1 19 theme milk 173:176 arg1 acid 184:187 goat performance and milk fatty acid 152:187 acid 184:187 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 0 20 theme fish 113:116 arg1 oil 118:120 fish oil 113:120 fish oil 113:120 Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. 26601590 10 21 theme predominant 2576:2586 arg1 role 2588:2591 a predominant role 2574:2591 a predominant role 2574:2591 Furthermore, most relevant variations in microbial groups corresponded to as yet uncultured bacteria and suggest that these microorganisms may play a predominant role in the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats. 26601590 9 22 dep microbiota 1970:1979 arg1 regard 1960:1965 regard 1960:1965 regard 1960:1965 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 4 23 theme rumen 966:970 arg1 samples 978:984 rumen fluid samples 966:984 rumen fluid samples 966:984 On the last day of each period, fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) and bacterial community (by terminal-RFLP), as well as fermentation characteristics, were measured in rumen fluid samples. 26601590 3 24 theme 5.3 659:661 arg1 % 662:662 % 662:662 % 662:662 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 5 25 from differences 1014:1024 arg1 response 1033:1040 the response 1029:1040 the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments 1029:1080 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 4 26 theme fermentation 919:930 arg1 characteristics 932:946 fermentation characteristics 919:946 fermentation characteristics 919:946 On the last day of each period, fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) and bacterial community (by terminal-RFLP), as well as fermentation characteristics, were measured in rumen fluid samples. 26601590 7 27 theme negative 1756:1763 arg1 effect 1765:1770 the negative effect 1752:1770 the negative effect of FO on milk fat content 1752:1796 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 10 28 theme ruminal 2600:2606 arg1 metabolism 2614:2623 the ruminal lipid metabolism 2596:2623 the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats 2596:2646 Furthermore, most relevant variations in microbial groups corresponded to as yet uncultured bacteria and suggest that these microorganisms may play a predominant role in the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats. 26601590 6 29 dep shift 1334:1338 arg1 i.e. 1324:1327 i.e. 1324:1327 i.e. 1324:1327 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 2 30 theme rumen 435:439 arg1 BH 469:470 BH 469:470 BH 469:470 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 2 30 theme rumen 435:439 arg1 biohydrogenation 451:466 the rumen microbial biohydrogenation 431:466 the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species 431:504 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 1 31 theme relevant 272:279 arg1 interactions 297:308 relevant species-by-diet interactions 272:308 relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism 272:336 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 7 32 theme rumen 1648:1652 arg1 fluid 1654:1658 caprine rumen fluid 1640:1658 caprine rumen fluid 1640:1658 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 3 33 dep starch 693:698 arg1 % 704:704 +38% 701:704 +38%; SOS 701:709 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 1 34 theme Direct 123:128 arg1 comparison 130:139 Direct comparison 123:139 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine 123:262 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 2 35 theme due 473:475 arg1 BH 469:470 BH 469:470 BH 469:470 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 2 35 theme due 473:475 arg1 biohydrogenation 451:466 the rumen microbial biohydrogenation 431:466 the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species 431:504 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 0 36 from Comparison 0:9 arg1 goats 57:61 goats 57:61 goats 57:61 Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. 26601590 0 36 from Comparison 0:9 arg1 cows 48:51 dairy cows 42:51 dairy cows 42:51 Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. 26601590 3 37 theme sunflower 664:672 arg1 oil 674:676 5.3% sunflower oil 659:676 5.3% sunflower oil 659:676 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 6 38 from MFD 1303:1305 arg1 18:2 1412:1415 cis-12 18:2 1405:1415 cis-12 18:2 1405:1415 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 6 38 from MFD 1303:1305 arg1 diet 1318:1321 the SOS diet 1310:1321 the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) 1310:1416 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 9 39 theme BH 2404:2405 arg1 steps 2407:2411 particular BH steps 2393:2411 particular BH steps 2393:2411 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 7 40 theme FO 1775:1776 arg1 effect 1765:1770 the negative effect 1752:1770 the negative effect of FO on milk fat content 1752:1796 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 7 41 dep decreases 1570:1578 arg1 e.g. 1564:1567 e.g. 1564:1567 e.g. 1564:1567 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 5 42 theme fermentation 1111:1122 arg1 parameters 1124:1133 some fermentation parameters 1106:1133 some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) 1106:1203 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 1 43 theme ruminal 313:319 arg1 metabolism 327:336 ruminal lipid metabolism 313:336 ruminal lipid metabolism 313:336 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 4 44 theme fatty 817:821 arg1 composition 828:838 fatty acid composition 817:838 fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) 817:862 On the last day of each period, fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) and bacterial community (by terminal-RFLP), as well as fermentation characteristics, were measured in rumen fluid samples. 26601590 2 45 from differences 416:426 arg1 BH 469:470 BH 469:470 BH 469:470 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 2 45 from differences 416:426 arg1 biohydrogenation 451:466 the rumen microbial biohydrogenation 431:466 the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species 431:504 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 1 46 theme milk 224:227 arg1 fat 229:231 milk fat 224:231 milk fat depression (MFD) 224:248 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 6 47 theme trans-10 1357:1364 arg1 18:1 1366:1369 trans-10 18:1 1357:1369 trans-10 18:1 1357:1369 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 3 48 theme square 739:744 arg1 design 746:751 a 3 × 3 Latin square design 725:751 a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods 725:782 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 0 49 theme ruminal 14:20 arg1 metabolism 28:37 ruminal lipid metabolism 14:37 ruminal lipid metabolism 14:37 Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. 26601590 10 50 theme relevant 2444:2451 arg1 variations 2453:2462 most relevant variations 2439:2462 most relevant variations in microbial groups 2439:2482 Furthermore, most relevant variations in microbial groups corresponded to as yet uncultured bacteria and suggest that these microorganisms may play a predominant role in the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats. 26601590 3 51 theme basal 563:567 arg1 control 575:581 control 575:581 control 575:581 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 3 51 theme basal 563:567 arg1 diet 569:572 a basal diet 561:572 a basal diet (control) 561:582 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 0 52 theme metabolism 28:37 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats 0:61 Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. 26601590 8 53 with interaction 1929:1939 arg1 species 1946:1952 species 1946:1952 species 1946:1952 Altogether, these results suggest that distinct ruminal mechanisms lead to each type of diet-induced MFD and confirm a pronounced interaction with species. 26601590 6 54 from alterations 1240:1250 arg1 pathways 1266:1273 ruminal BH pathways 1255:1273 ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) 1255:1416 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 3 55 theme experimental 763:774 arg1 periods 776:782 25-d experimental periods 758:782 25-d experimental periods 758:782 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 4 56 theme period 809:814 arg1 day 797:799 the last day 788:799 the last day of each period 788:814 On the last day of each period, fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) and bacterial community (by terminal-RFLP), as well as fermentation characteristics, were measured in rumen fluid samples. 26601590 5 57 theme acetate-to-propionate 1159:1179 arg1 ratio 1181:1185 the acetate-to-propionate ratio 1155:1185 the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS 1155:1202 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 0 58 theme dairy 42:46 arg1 cows 48:51 dairy cows 42:51 dairy cows 42:51 Comparison of ruminal lipid metabolism in dairy cows and goats fed diets supplemented with starch, plant oil, or fish oil. 26601590 3 59 contain containing 648:657 arg2 starch 693:698 starch 693:698 starch 693:698 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 3 59 contain containing 648:657 arg1 diet 643:646 a diet 641:646 a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) 641:710 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 3 59 contain containing 648:657 arg2 oil 674:676 5.3% sunflower oil 659:676 5.3% sunflower oil 659:676 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 5 60 theme due 1187:1189 arg1 ratio 1181:1185 the acetate-to-propionate ratio 1155:1185 the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS 1155:1202 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 6 61 theme ruminal 1255:1261 arg1 pathways 1266:1273 ruminal BH pathways 1255:1273 ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) 1255:1416 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 5 62 theme significant 1002:1012 arg1 differences 1014:1024 significant differences 1002:1024 significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments 1002:1080 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 7 63 from bovine 1741:1746 arg1 marked 1726:1731 marked 1726:1731 marked 1726:1731 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 5 64 dep parameters 1124:1133 arg1 decreases 1142:1150 decreases 1142:1150 decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS 1142:1202 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 7 65 attach linked 1538:1543 arg1 MFD 1559:1561 FO-induced MFD 1548:1561 FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) 1548:1621 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 7 65 attach linked 1538:1543 arg2 changes 1530:1536 changes 1530:1536 changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) 1530:1621 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 9 66 theme bacterial 2368:2376 arg1 populations 2378:2388 bacterial populations 2368:2388 bacterial populations 2368:2388 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 1 67 theme responses 189:197 arg1 comparison 130:139 Direct comparison 123:139 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine 123:262 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 4 68 theme last 792:795 arg1 day 797:799 the last day 788:799 the last day of each period 788:814 On the last day of each period, fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) and bacterial community (by terminal-RFLP), as well as fermentation characteristics, were measured in rumen fluid samples. 26601590 9 69 theme experimental 2137:2148 arg1 diets 2150:2154 the experimental diets 2133:2154 the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine) 2133:2331 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 69 theme experimental 2137:2148 arg1 Prevotella 2285:2294 Prevotella 2285:2294 Prevotella 2285:2294 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 69 theme experimental 2137:2148 arg1 Succinivibrionaceae 2201:2219 Succinivibrionaceae 2201:2219 Succinivibrionaceae 2201:2219 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 69 theme experimental 2137:2148 arg1 Pseudobutryrivibrio 2240:2258 Pseudobutryrivibrio 2240:2258 Pseudobutryrivibrio 2240:2258 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 69 theme experimental 2137:2148 arg1 Ruminococcaceae 2163:2177 Ruminococcaceae 2163:2177 Ruminococcaceae 2163:2177 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 69 theme experimental 2137:2148 arg1 cluster 2273:2279 Clostridium cluster IV 2261:2282 Clostridium cluster IV 2261:2282 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 69 theme experimental 2137:2148 arg1 Veillonellaceae 2301:2315 Veillonellaceae 2301:2315 Veillonellaceae 2301:2315 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 9 69 theme experimental 2137:2148 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 2180:2194 Lachnospiraceae 2180:2194 Lachnospiraceae 2180:2194 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 7 70 from effect 1765:1770 arg1 content 1790:1796 milk fat content 1781:1796 milk fat content 1781:1796 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 3 71 theme % 621:621 arg1 FO 633:634 FO 633:634 FO 633:634 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 3 71 theme % 621:621 arg1 oil 628:630 2.2% fish oil 618:630 2.2% fish oil (FO) 618:635 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 9 72 theme rumen 2043:2047 arg1 community 2059:2067 the rumen bacterial community 2039:2067 the rumen bacterial community 2039:2067 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 6 73 from increases 1383:1391 arg1 trans-10 1396:1403 trans-10 1396:1403 trans-10 1396:1403 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 8 74 theme ruminal 1847:1853 arg1 mechanisms 1855:1864 distinct ruminal mechanisms 1838:1864 distinct ruminal mechanisms 1838:1864 Altogether, these results suggest that distinct ruminal mechanisms lead to each type of diet-induced MFD and confirm a pronounced interaction with species. 26601590 7 75 dep MFD 1559:1561 arg1 decreases 1570:1578 decreases 1570:1578 decreases in 18:0 1570:1586 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 7 75 dep MFD 1559:1561 arg1 increases 1592:1600 increases 1592:1600 increases in total trans-18:1 1592:1620 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 9 76 theme community 2059:2067 arg1 composition 2024:2034 the composition 2020:2034 the composition of the rumen bacterial community 2020:2067 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 1 77 theme cow 144:146 arg1 responses 189:197 cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses 144:197 cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses 144:197 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 6 78 theme responsible 1287:1297 arg1 pathways 1266:1273 ruminal BH pathways 1255:1273 ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) 1255:1416 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 1 79 theme goat 152:155 arg1 performance 157:167 goat performance and milk fatty acid 152:187 performance 157:167 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 10 80 from metabolism 2614:2623 arg1 goats 2642:2646 goats 2642:2646 goats 2642:2646 Furthermore, most relevant variations in microbial groups corresponded to as yet uncultured bacteria and suggest that these microorganisms may play a predominant role in the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats. 26601590 10 80 from metabolism 2614:2623 arg1 cows 2633:2636 cows 2633:2636 cows 2633:2636 Furthermore, most relevant variations in microbial groups corresponded to as yet uncultured bacteria and suggest that these microorganisms may play a predominant role in the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats. 26601590 9 81 from disparity 2089:2097 arg1 microorganisms 2106:2119 the microorganisms 2102:2119 the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine) 2102:2331 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 3 82 with design 746:751 arg1 periods 776:782 25-d experimental periods 758:782 25-d experimental periods 758:782 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 8 83 theme MFD 1900:1902 arg1 type 1879:1882 each type 1874:1882 each type of diet-induced MFD 1874:1902 Altogether, these results suggest that distinct ruminal mechanisms lead to each type of diet-induced MFD and confirm a pronounced interaction with species. 26601590 4 84 theme fluid 972:976 arg1 samples 978:984 rumen fluid samples 966:984 rumen fluid samples 966:984 On the last day of each period, fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) and bacterial community (by terminal-RFLP), as well as fermentation characteristics, were measured in rumen fluid samples. 26601590 7 85 theme milk 1781:1784 arg1 content 1790:1796 milk fat content 1781:1796 milk fat content 1781:1796 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 5 86 theme goats 1054:1058 arg1 response 1033:1040 the response 1029:1040 the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments 1029:1080 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 9 87 from cluster 2273:2279 arg1 caprine 2324:2330 the caprine 2320:2330 the caprine 2320:2330 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 6 88 from trans-11 1345:1352 arg1 shift 1334:1338 the shift 1330:1338 the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10 1330:1403 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 6 89 from MFD 1495:1497 arg1 species 1512:1518 this species 1507:1518 this species 1507:1518 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 6 90 with consistent 1465:1474 arg1 MFD 1495:1497 an associated MFD 1481:1497 an associated MFD only in this species 1481:1518 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 5 91 theme dietary 1063:1069 arg1 treatments 1071:1080 dietary treatments 1063:1080 dietary treatments 1063:1080 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 3 92 theme % 662:662 arg1 oil 674:676 5.3% sunflower oil 659:676 5.3% sunflower oil 659:676 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 7 93 from decreases 1570:1578 arg1 trans-18:1 1611:1620 total trans-18:1 1605:1620 total trans-18:1 1605:1620 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 7 93 from decreases 1570:1578 arg1 18:0 1583:1586 18:0 1583:1586 18:0 1583:1586 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 2 94 theme microbial 441:449 arg1 BH 469:470 BH 469:470 BH 469:470 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 2 94 theme microbial 441:449 arg1 biohydrogenation 451:466 the rumen microbial biohydrogenation 431:466 the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species 431:504 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 8 95 theme pronounced 1918:1927 arg1 interaction 1929:1939 a pronounced interaction 1916:1939 a pronounced interaction with species 1916:1952 Altogether, these results suggest that distinct ruminal mechanisms lead to each type of diet-induced MFD and confirm a pronounced interaction with species. 26601590 1 96 theme fatty 178:182 arg1 acid 184:187 goat performance and milk fatty acid 152:187 acid 184:187 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 7 97 theme caprine 1640:1646 arg1 fluid 1654:1658 caprine rumen fluid 1640:1658 caprine rumen fluid 1640:1658 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 9 98 theme populations 2378:2388 arg1 assignation 2353:2363 the assignation 2349:2363 the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways 2349:2423 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 5 99 theme cows 1045:1048 arg1 response 1033:1040 the response 1029:1040 the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments 1029:1080 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 1 100 theme species-by-diet 281:295 arg1 interactions 297:308 relevant species-by-diet interactions 272:308 relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism 272:336 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 9 101 theme particular 2393:2402 arg1 steps 2407:2411 particular BH steps 2393:2411 particular BH steps 2393:2411 With regard to microbiota, differences between cows and goats in the composition of the rumen bacterial community might be behind the disparity in the microorganisms affected by the experimental diets (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae in the bovine, and Pseudobutryrivibrio, Clostridium cluster IV, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae in the caprine), which hindered the assignation of bacterial populations to particular BH steps or pathways. 26601590 7 102 from increases 1592:1600 arg1 trans-18:1 1611:1620 total trans-18:1 1605:1620 total trans-18:1 1605:1620 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 7 102 from increases 1592:1600 arg1 18:0 1583:1586 18:0 1583:1586 18:0 1583:1586 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 6 103 from pronounced 1436:1445 arg1 cows 1450:1453 cows 1450:1453 cows 1450:1453 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 3 104 dep % 704:704 arg1 SOS 707:709 SOS 707:709 +38%; SOS 701:709 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 3 105 theme × 729:729 arg1 design 746:751 a 3 × 3 Latin square design 725:751 a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods 725:782 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 5 106 from decreases 1142:1150 arg1 ratio 1181:1185 the acetate-to-propionate ratio 1155:1185 the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS 1155:1202 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 6 107 from cows 1450:1453 arg1 pronounced 1436:1445 pronounced 1436:1445 pronounced 1436:1445 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 1 108 theme lipid 321:325 arg1 metabolism 327:336 ruminal lipid metabolism 313:336 ruminal lipid metabolism 313:336 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 7 109 theme total 1605:1609 arg1 trans-18:1 1611:1620 total trans-18:1 1605:1620 total trans-18:1 1605:1620 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 10 110 theme lipid 2608:2612 arg1 metabolism 2614:2623 the ruminal lipid metabolism 2596:2623 the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats 2596:2646 Furthermore, most relevant variations in microbial groups corresponded to as yet uncultured bacteria and suggest that these microorganisms may play a predominant role in the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats. 26601590 2 111 theme potential 379:387 arg1 mechanisms 389:398 potential mechanisms 379:398 potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species 379:504 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 10 112 theme microbial 2467:2475 arg1 groups 2477:2482 microbial groups 2467:2482 microbial groups 2467:2482 Furthermore, most relevant variations in microbial groups corresponded to as yet uncultured bacteria and suggest that these microorganisms may play a predominant role in the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats. 26601590 1 113 from interactions 297:308 arg1 metabolism 327:336 ruminal lipid metabolism 313:336 ruminal lipid metabolism 313:336 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 1 114 theme fat 229:231 arg1 depression 233:242 milk fat depression 224:242 milk fat depression (MFD) 224:248 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 1 114 theme fat 229:231 arg1 MFD 245:247 MFD 245:247 MFD 245:247 Direct comparison of cow and goat performance and milk fatty acid responses to diets known to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine reveals relevant species-by-diet interactions in ruminal lipid metabolism. 26601590 6 115 theme related 1375:1381 arg1 increases 1383:1391 related increases 1375:1391 related increases in trans-10 1375:1403 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 8 116 theme diet-induced 1887:1898 arg1 MFD 1900:1902 diet-induced MFD 1887:1902 diet-induced MFD 1887:1902 Altogether, these results suggest that distinct ruminal mechanisms lead to each type of diet-induced MFD and confirm a pronounced interaction with species. 26601590 4 117 theme acid 823:826 arg1 composition 828:838 fatty acid composition 817:838 fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) 817:862 On the last day of each period, fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) and bacterial community (by terminal-RFLP), as well as fermentation characteristics, were measured in rumen fluid samples. 26601590 3 118 theme Latin 733:737 arg1 design 746:751 a 3 × 3 Latin square design 725:751 a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods 725:782 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 7 119 from marked 1726:1731 arg1 bovine 1741:1746 bovine 1741:1746 bovine 1741:1746 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 2 120 theme responsible 400:410 arg1 mechanisms 389:398 potential mechanisms 379:398 potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species 379:504 Thus, this study was conducted to infer potential mechanisms responsible for differences in the rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) due to diet and ruminant species. 26601590 6 121 theme associated 1484:1493 arg1 MFD 1495:1497 an associated MFD 1481:1497 an associated MFD only in this species 1481:1518 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 5 122 dep decreases 1142:1150 arg1 e.g. 1136:1139 e.g. 1136:1139 e.g. 1136:1139 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 6 123 theme BH 1263:1264 arg1 pathways 1266:1273 ruminal BH pathways 1255:1273 ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) 1255:1416 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 3 124 theme 25-d 758:761 arg1 periods 776:782 25-d experimental periods 758:782 25-d experimental periods 758:782 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 6 125 from 18:1 1366:1369 arg1 trans-10 1396:1403 trans-10 1396:1403 trans-10 1396:1403 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 26601590 5 126 from similar 1210:1216 arg1 species 1226:1232 both species 1221:1232 both species 1221:1232 Results showed significant differences in the response of cows and goats to dietary treatments, although variations in some fermentation parameters (e.g., decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio due to FO or SOS) were similar in both species. 26601590 4 127 theme bacterial 868:876 arg1 community 878:886 bacterial community 868:886 bacterial community 868:886 On the last day of each period, fatty acid composition (by gas chromatography) and bacterial community (by terminal-RFLP), as well as fermentation characteristics, were measured in rumen fluid samples. 26601590 10 128 theme uncultured 2507:2516 arg1 bacteria 2518:2525 as yet uncultured bacteria 2500:2525 as yet uncultured bacteria 2500:2525 Furthermore, most relevant variations in microbial groups corresponded to as yet uncultured bacteria and suggest that these microorganisms may play a predominant role in the ruminal lipid metabolism in both cows and goats. 26601590 3 129 theme similar 587:593 arg1 diet 595:598 a similar diet 585:598 a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO) 585:635 To meet this objective, 12 cows and 15 goats were fed a basal diet (control), a similar diet supplemented with 2.2% fish oil (FO), or a diet containing 5.3% sunflower oil and additional starch (+38%; SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 25-d experimental periods. 26601590 7 130 dep stronger 1628:1635 arg1 marked 1726:1731 marked 1726:1731 marked 1726:1731 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 7 130 dep stronger 1628:1635 arg1 although 1712:1719 although 1712:1719 although 1712:1719 However, changes linked to FO-induced MFD (e.g., decreases in 18:0 and increases in total trans-18:1) were stronger in caprine rumen fluid, which may explain their unexpected susceptibility (although less marked than in bovine) to the negative effect of FO on milk fat content. 26601590 6 131 theme Main 1235:1238 arg1 alterations 1240:1250 Main alterations 1235:1250 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) 1235:1416 Main alterations in ruminal BH pathways potentially responsible for MFD on the SOS diet (i.e., the shift from trans-11 to trans-10 18:1 and related increases in trans-10,cis-12 18:2) tended to be more pronounced in cows, which is consistent with an associated MFD only in this species. 27041649 10 0 theme mesenchymal 1510:1520 arg1 cells 1527:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1487:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1487:1539 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 10 0 theme mesenchymal 1510:1520 arg1 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 8 1 theme Swelling 1249:1256 arg1 studies 1274:1280 Swelling and degradation studies 1249:1280 Swelling and degradation studies of the composite scaffold 1249:1306 Swelling and degradation studies of the composite scaffold showed its stability. 27041649 4 2 theme lyophilisation 618:631 arg1 technique 633:641 lyophilisation technique 618:641 lyophilisation technique 618:641 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 10 3 theme adipose 1494:1500 arg1 cells 1527:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1487:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1487:1539 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 10 3 theme adipose 1494:1500 arg1 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 2 4 theme hypocellular 309:320 arg1 tissue 322:327 its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue 288:327 its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue 288:327 The regeneration capability of damaged cartilage is poor due to its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue. 27041649 8 5 theme degradation 1262:1272 arg1 studies 1274:1280 Swelling and degradation studies 1249:1280 Swelling and degradation studies of the composite scaffold 1249:1306 Swelling and degradation studies of the composite scaffold showed its stability. 27041649 2 6 theme hypovascular 292:303 arg1 tissue 322:327 its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue 288:327 its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue 288:327 The regeneration capability of damaged cartilage is poor due to its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue. 27041649 10 7 theme cells 1527:1531 arg1 proliferation 1470:1482 proliferation 1470:1482 proliferation 1470:1482 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 10 7 theme cells 1527:1531 arg1 attachment 1455:1464 attachment 1455:1464 attachment 1455:1464 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 8 8 theme composite 1289:1297 arg1 scaffold 1299:1306 the composite scaffold 1285:1306 the composite scaffold 1285:1306 Swelling and degradation studies of the composite scaffold showed its stability. 27041649 12 9 theme chitin-PCL-TGF-β-nCS 1725:1744 arg1 scaffold 1746:1753 chitin-PCL-TGF-β-nCS scaffold 1725:1753 chitin-PCL-TGF-β-nCS scaffold 1725:1753 These studies highlight the positive effects of chitin-PCL-TGF-β-nCS scaffold for cartilage regeneration. 27041649 11 10 theme proteoglycan 1652:1663 arg1 deposition 1665:1674 an increased proteoglycan deposition 1639:1674 an increased proteoglycan deposition 1639:1674 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 4 11 theme Electron 676:683 arg1 Microscope 685:694 Scanning Electron Microscope 667:694 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 667:700 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 4 11 theme Electron 676:683 arg1 SEM 697:699 SEM 697:699 SEM 697:699 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 4 11 theme Electron 676:683 arg1 Fourier 703:709 Fourier 703:709 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) 703:809 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 10 12 link derived 1502:1508 arg1 cells 1527:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1487:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1487:1539 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 10 12 link derived 1502:1508 arg1 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 7 13 theme Dynamic 1156:1162 arg1 Scattering 1170:1179 Dynamic Light Scattering particle sizer and SEM 1156:1202 Scattering 1170:1179 Characterization of TGF-β-nCS by Dynamic Light Scattering particle sizer and SEM showed a 230±20nm sized spherical particles. 27041649 6 14 theme sulphate 1009:1016 arg1 nanoparticles 1018:1030 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles 997:1030 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles containing TGF-β (TGF-β-nCS) 997:1059 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles containing TGF-β (TGF-β-nCS) was developed by polyelectrolyte crosslinking using chitosan. 27041649 7 15 dep Scattering 1170:1179 arg1 sizer 1190:1194 sizer 1190:1194 sizer 1190:1194 Characterization of TGF-β-nCS by Dynamic Light Scattering particle sizer and SEM showed a 230±20nm sized spherical particles. 27041649 7 16 theme TGF-β-nCS 1143:1151 arg1 Characterization 1123:1138 Characterization 1123:1138 Characterization of TGF-β-nCS by Dynamic Light Scattering particle sizer and SEM 1123:1202 Characterization of TGF-β-nCS by Dynamic Light Scattering particle sizer and SEM showed a 230±20nm sized spherical particles. 27041649 2 17 theme cartilage 263:271 arg1 poor 276:279 poor 276:279 poor 276:279 The regeneration capability of damaged cartilage is poor due to its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue. 27041649 2 17 theme cartilage 263:271 arg1 capability 241:250 The regeneration capability 224:250 The regeneration capability of damaged cartilage 224:271 The regeneration capability of damaged cartilage is poor due to its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue. 27041649 5 18 theme factor-β 867:874 arg1 release 836:842 prolonged release 826:842 prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 826:882 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 1 19 theme Cartilage 135:143 arg1 degeneration 145:156 Cartilage degeneration 135:156 Cartilage degeneration 135:156 Cartilage degeneration occurs when the catabolic factors overtakes the anabolic factors. 27041649 4 20 theme Thermogravimetric/Differential 754:783 arg1 TG/DTA 803:808 TG/DTA 803:808 TG/DTA 803:808 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 4 20 theme Thermogravimetric/Differential 754:783 arg1 Analysis 793:800 Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis 754:800 Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) 754:809 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 11 21 theme TGF-β 1597:1601 arg1 scaffold 1623:1630 TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1597:1630 TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1597:1630 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 9 22 theme nanoparticle 1365:1376 arg1 scaffold 1389:1396 nanoparticle containing scaffold 1365:1396 nanoparticle containing scaffold 1365:1396 Protein adsorption was enhanced in nanoparticle containing scaffold. 27041649 6 23 theme polyelectrolyte 1078:1092 arg1 crosslinking 1094:1105 polyelectrolyte crosslinking 1078:1105 polyelectrolyte crosslinking using chitosan 1078:1120 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles containing TGF-β (TGF-β-nCS) was developed by polyelectrolyte crosslinking using chitosan. 27041649 4 24 theme Infrared 721:728 arg1 Spectroscopy 730:741 Infrared Spectroscopy 721:741 Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 721:748 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 4 24 theme Infrared 721:728 arg1 FTIR 744:747 FTIR 744:747 FTIR 744:747 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 0 25 theme macroporous 68:78 arg1 scaffold 106:113 macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold 68:113 macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold for chondrogenesis 68:132 Prolonged release of TGF-β from polyelectrolyte nanoparticle loaded macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold for chondrogenesis. 27041649 5 26 theme sulphate 931:938 arg1 nanoparticles 940:952 chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles 919:952 chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold 919:994 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 5 26 theme sulphate 931:938 arg1 nCS 955:957 nCS 955:957 nCS 955:957 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 4 27 theme blend 546:550 arg1 scaffold 552:559 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold 522:559 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) 522:598 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 3 28 theme substrate 394:402 arg1 development 368:378 development 368:378 development of a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis 368:519 Tissue engineering strategies aims in development of a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis. 27041649 11 29 theme composite 1613:1621 arg1 scaffold 1623:1630 TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1597:1630 TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1597:1630 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 0 30 from nanoparticle 48:59 arg1 release 10:16 Prolonged release 0:16 Prolonged release of TGF-β from polyelectrolyte nanoparticle 0:59 Prolonged release of TGF-β from polyelectrolyte nanoparticle loaded macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold for chondrogenesis. 27041649 11 31 theme chondrogenic 1546:1557 arg1 potential 1559:1567 The chondrogenic potential 1542:1567 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1542:1630 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 0 32 theme polyelectrolyte 32:46 arg1 nanoparticle 48:59 polyelectrolyte nanoparticle 32:59 polyelectrolyte nanoparticle 32:59 Prolonged release of TGF-β from polyelectrolyte nanoparticle loaded macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold for chondrogenesis. 27041649 3 33 theme required 421:428 arg1 cues 464:467 the required physical, chemical and biological cues 417:467 the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis 417:519 Tissue engineering strategies aims in development of a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis. 27041649 4 34 theme macroporous 524:534 arg1 scaffold 552:559 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold 522:559 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) 522:598 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 0 35 theme Prolonged 0:8 arg1 release 10:16 Prolonged release 0:16 Prolonged release of TGF-β from polyelectrolyte nanoparticle 0:59 Prolonged release of TGF-β from polyelectrolyte nanoparticle loaded macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold for chondrogenesis. 27041649 11 36 from presence 1585:1592 arg1 potential 1559:1567 The chondrogenic potential 1542:1567 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1542:1630 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 11 37 theme increased 1642:1650 arg1 deposition 1665:1674 an increased proteoglycan deposition 1639:1674 an increased proteoglycan deposition 1639:1674 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 5 38 theme prolonged 826:834 arg1 release 836:842 prolonged release 826:842 prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 826:882 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 6 39 contain containing 1032:1041 arg2 TGF-β 1043:1047 TGF-β 1043:1047 TGF-β (TGF-β-nCS) 1043:1059 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles containing TGF-β (TGF-β-nCS) was developed by polyelectrolyte crosslinking using chitosan. 27041649 6 39 contain containing 1032:1041 arg1 nanoparticles 1018:1030 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles 997:1030 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles containing TGF-β (TGF-β-nCS) 997:1059 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles containing TGF-β (TGF-β-nCS) was developed by polyelectrolyte crosslinking using chitosan. 27041649 6 39 contain containing 1032:1041 arg2 TGF-β-nCS 1050:1058 TGF-β-nCS 1050:1058 TGF-β-nCS 1050:1058 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles containing TGF-β (TGF-β-nCS) was developed by polyelectrolyte crosslinking using chitosan. 27041649 7 40 theme sized 1222:1226 arg1 particles 1238:1246 a 230±20nm sized spherical particles 1211:1246 a 230±20nm sized spherical particles 1211:1246 Characterization of TGF-β-nCS by Dynamic Light Scattering particle sizer and SEM showed a 230±20nm sized spherical particles. 27041649 2 41 theme regeneration 228:239 arg1 poor 276:279 poor 276:279 poor 276:279 The regeneration capability of damaged cartilage is poor due to its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue. 27041649 2 41 theme regeneration 228:239 arg1 capability 241:250 The regeneration capability 224:250 The regeneration capability of damaged cartilage 224:271 The regeneration capability of damaged cartilage is poor due to its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue. 27041649 10 42 theme derived 1502:1508 arg1 cells 1527:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1487:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1487:1539 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 10 42 theme derived 1502:1508 arg1 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 3 43 dep engineering 337:347 arg1 strategies 349:358 strategies 349:358 Tissue engineering strategies 330:358 Tissue engineering strategies aims in development of a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis. 27041649 10 44 theme rabbit 1487:1492 arg1 cells 1527:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1487:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1487:1539 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 10 44 theme rabbit 1487:1492 arg1 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 7 45 theme Light 1164:1168 arg1 Scattering 1170:1179 Dynamic Light Scattering particle sizer and SEM 1156:1202 Scattering 1170:1179 Characterization of TGF-β-nCS by Dynamic Light Scattering particle sizer and SEM showed a 230±20nm sized spherical particles. 27041649 1 46 theme anabolic 206:213 arg1 factors 215:221 the anabolic factors 202:221 the anabolic factors 202:221 Cartilage degeneration occurs when the catabolic factors overtakes the anabolic factors. 27041649 12 47 theme scaffold 1746:1753 arg1 effects 1714:1720 the positive effects 1701:1720 the positive effects of chitin-PCL-TGF-β-nCS scaffold for cartilage regeneration 1701:1780 These studies highlight the positive effects of chitin-PCL-TGF-β-nCS scaffold for cartilage regeneration. 27041649 10 48 theme stem 1522:1525 arg1 cells 1527:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 1487:1531 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 1487:1539 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 10 48 theme stem 1522:1525 arg1 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 rASCs 1534:1538 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 12 49 theme cartilage 1759:1767 arg1 regeneration 1769:1780 cartilage regeneration 1759:1780 cartilage regeneration 1759:1780 These studies highlight the positive effects of chitin-PCL-TGF-β-nCS scaffold for cartilage regeneration. 27041649 4 50 theme Scanning 667:674 arg1 Microscope 685:694 Scanning Electron Microscope 667:694 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 667:700 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 4 50 theme Scanning 667:674 arg1 SEM 697:699 SEM 697:699 SEM 697:699 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 4 50 theme Scanning 667:674 arg1 Fourier 703:709 Fourier 703:709 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) 703:809 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 9 51 theme Protein 1330:1336 arg1 adsorption 1338:1347 Protein adsorption 1330:1347 Protein adsorption 1330:1347 Protein adsorption was enhanced in nanoparticle containing scaffold. 27041649 8 52 theme scaffold 1299:1306 arg1 studies 1274:1280 Swelling and degradation studies 1249:1280 Swelling and degradation studies of the composite scaffold 1249:1306 Swelling and degradation studies of the composite scaffold showed its stability. 27041649 12 53 theme positive 1705:1712 arg1 effects 1714:1720 the positive effects 1701:1720 the positive effects of chitin-PCL-TGF-β-nCS scaffold for cartilage regeneration 1701:1780 These studies highlight the positive effects of chitin-PCL-TGF-β-nCS scaffold for cartilage regeneration. 27041649 2 54 theme damaged 255:261 arg1 cartilage 263:271 damaged cartilage 255:271 damaged cartilage 255:271 The regeneration capability of damaged cartilage is poor due to its hypovascular and hypocellular tissue. 27041649 3 55 theme Tissue 330:335 arg1 engineering 337:347 Tissue engineering strategies 330:358 Tissue engineering strategies 330:358 Tissue engineering strategies aims in development of a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis. 27041649 0 56 theme chitin-poly 80:90 arg1 scaffold 106:113 macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold 68:113 macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold for chondrogenesis 68:132 Prolonged release of TGF-β from polyelectrolyte nanoparticle loaded macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold for chondrogenesis. 27041649 9 57 theme containing 1378:1387 arg1 scaffold 1389:1396 nanoparticle containing scaffold 1365:1396 nanoparticle containing scaffold 1365:1396 Protein adsorption was enhanced in nanoparticle containing scaffold. 27041649 5 58 theme chondroitin 919:929 arg1 sulphate 931:938 chondroitin sulphate 919:938 chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold 919:994 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 11 59 theme scaffold 1623:1630 arg1 presence 1585:1592 the presence 1581:1592 the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1581:1630 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 0 60 theme caprolactone 92:103 arg1 scaffold 106:113 macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold 68:113 macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold for chondrogenesis 68:132 Prolonged release of TGF-β from polyelectrolyte nanoparticle loaded macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold for chondrogenesis. 27041649 1 61 theme catabolic 174:182 arg1 factors 184:190 the catabolic factors 170:190 the catabolic factors 170:190 Cartilage degeneration occurs when the catabolic factors overtakes the anabolic factors. 27041649 4 62 theme chitin 564:569 arg1 scaffold 552:559 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold 522:559 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) 522:598 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 11 63 theme releasing 1603:1611 arg1 scaffold 1623:1630 TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1597:1630 TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1597:1630 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 3 64 theme suitable 385:392 arg1 substrate 394:402 a suitable substrate 383:402 a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis 383:519 Tissue engineering strategies aims in development of a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis. 27041649 4 65 theme polymeric 536:544 arg1 scaffold 552:559 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold 522:559 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) 522:598 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 7 66 dep sized 1222:1226 arg1 230±20nm 1213:1220 a 230±20nm 1211:1220 a 230±20nm 1211:1220 Characterization of TGF-β-nCS by Dynamic Light Scattering particle sizer and SEM showed a 230±20nm sized spherical particles. 27041649 3 67 theme proliferating 476:488 arg1 cells 490:494 the proliferating cells 472:494 the proliferating cells 472:494 Tissue engineering strategies aims in development of a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis. 27041649 5 68 theme Transforming 847:858 arg1 TGF-β 877:881 TGF-β 877:881 TGF-β 877:881 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 5 68 theme Transforming 847:858 arg1 factor-β 867:874 Transforming growth factor-β 847:874 Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 847:882 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 5 69 theme chitin-PCL 976:985 arg1 scaffold 987:994 chitin-PCL scaffold 976:994 chitin-PCL scaffold 976:994 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 3 70 theme physical 430:437 arg1 cues 464:467 the required physical, chemical and biological cues 417:467 the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis 417:519 Tissue engineering strategies aims in development of a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis. 27041649 4 71 theme thermal 785:791 arg1 TG/DTA 803:808 TG/DTA 803:808 TG/DTA 803:808 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 4 71 theme thermal 785:791 arg1 Analysis 793:800 Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis 754:800 Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) 754:809 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 11 72 theme rASCs 1572:1576 arg1 potential 1559:1567 The chondrogenic potential 1542:1567 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1542:1630 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 0 73 theme TGF-β 21:25 arg1 release 10:16 Prolonged release 0:16 Prolonged release of TGF-β from polyelectrolyte nanoparticle 0:59 Prolonged release of TGF-β from polyelectrolyte nanoparticle loaded macroporous chitin-poly(caprolactone) scaffold for chondrogenesis. 27041649 5 74 theme growth 860:865 arg1 TGF-β 877:881 TGF-β 877:881 TGF-β 877:881 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 5 74 theme growth 860:865 arg1 factor-β 867:874 Transforming growth factor-β 847:874 Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 847:882 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 10 75 theme TGF-β 1413:1417 arg1 effect 1403:1408 The effect 1399:1408 The effect of TGF-β 1399:1417 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 7 76 theme spherical 1228:1236 arg1 particles 1238:1246 a 230±20nm sized spherical particles 1211:1246 a 230±20nm sized spherical particles 1211:1246 Characterization of TGF-β-nCS by Dynamic Light Scattering particle sizer and SEM showed a 230±20nm sized spherical particles. 27041649 11 77 from potential 1559:1567 arg1 presence 1585:1592 the presence 1581:1592 the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1581:1630 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 3 78 theme biological 453:462 arg1 cues 464:467 the required physical, chemical and biological cues 417:467 the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis 417:519 Tissue engineering strategies aims in development of a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis. 27041649 4 79 theme poly 575:578 arg1 scaffold 552:559 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold 522:559 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) 522:598 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27041649 10 80 theme increased 1445:1453 arg1 attachment 1455:1464 attachment 1455:1464 attachment 1455:1464 The effect of TGF-β was well addressed by the increased attachment and proliferation of rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs). 27041649 5 81 theme release 836:842 arg1 effect 816:821 The effect 812:821 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 812:882 The effect of prolonged release of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was studied by encapsulating it in chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles (nCS) incorporated in chitin-PCL scaffold. 27041649 6 82 theme Chondroitin 997:1007 arg1 sulphate 1009:1016 Chondroitin sulphate 997:1016 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles containing TGF-β (TGF-β-nCS) 997:1059 Chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles containing TGF-β (TGF-β-nCS) was developed by polyelectrolyte crosslinking using chitosan. 27041649 11 83 from rASCs 1572:1576 arg1 presence 1585:1592 the presence 1581:1592 the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold 1581:1630 The chondrogenic potential of rASCs in the presence of TGF-β releasing composite scaffold showed an increased proteoglycan deposition. 27041649 3 84 theme chemical 440:447 arg1 cues 464:467 the required physical, chemical and biological cues 417:467 the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis 417:519 Tissue engineering strategies aims in development of a suitable substrate that provide the required physical, chemical and biological cues to the proliferating cells to direct chondrogenesis. 27041649 4 85 dep Fourier 703:709 arg1 Transform 711:719 Transform 711:719 Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) 711:809 A macroporous polymeric blend scaffold of chitin and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by lyophilisation technique and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). 27034000 7 0 theme encapsulated 1277:1288 arg1 insulin 1290:1296 encapsulated insulin 1277:1296 encapsulated insulin 1277:1296 The structural integrity of encapsulated insulin was confirmed by HPLC, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. 27034000 6 1 theme mass 1113:1116 arg1 MMAD 1147:1150 MMAD 1147:1150 MMAD 1147:1150 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 6 1 theme mass 1113:1116 arg1 diameter 1137:1144 the mass median aerodynamic diameter 1109:1144 the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) 1109:1151 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 2 2 theme mucoadhesive 391:402 arg1 chitosan 363:370 N-trimethyl chitosan 351:370 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) 351:376 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer, was synthesized and successfully micronized from aqueous solution using SAA-HCM. 27034000 2 2 theme mucoadhesive 391:402 arg1 enhancer 415:422 a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer 379:422 a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer 379:422 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer, was synthesized and successfully micronized from aqueous solution using SAA-HCM. 27034000 7 3 theme insulin 1290:1296 arg1 integrity 1264:1272 The structural integrity 1249:1272 The structural integrity of encapsulated insulin 1249:1296 The structural integrity of encapsulated insulin was confirmed by HPLC, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. 27034000 9 4 theme inhalable 1687:1695 arg1 powders 1727:1733 inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders 1687:1733 inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders 1687:1733 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 2 5 theme polymeric 381:389 arg1 chitosan 363:370 N-trimethyl chitosan 351:370 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) 351:376 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer, was synthesized and successfully micronized from aqueous solution using SAA-HCM. 27034000 2 5 theme polymeric 381:389 arg1 enhancer 415:422 a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer 379:422 a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer 379:422 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer, was synthesized and successfully micronized from aqueous solution using SAA-HCM. 27034000 0 6 theme fluid 121:125 arg1 atomization 136:146 supercritical fluid assisted atomization 107:146 supercritical fluid assisted atomization 107:146 Formulation of insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan microparticles with improved efficacy for inhalation by supercritical fluid assisted atomization. 27034000 1 7 theme insulin-loaded 293:306 arg1 powders 312:318 insulin-loaded dry powders 293:318 insulin-loaded dry powders 293:318 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 0 8 theme supercritical 107:119 arg1 atomization 136:146 supercritical fluid assisted atomization 107:146 supercritical fluid assisted atomization 107:146 Formulation of insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan microparticles with improved efficacy for inhalation by supercritical fluid assisted atomization. 27034000 9 9 theme drug 1624:1627 arg1 delivery 1629:1636 drug delivery 1624:1636 drug delivery 1624:1636 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 1 10 theme dry 308:310 arg1 powders 312:318 insulin-loaded dry powders 293:318 insulin-loaded dry powders 293:318 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 5 11 from microparticles 937:950 arg1 state 965:969 amorphous state 955:969 amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm 955:1000 The polymer/protein ratio revealed to be a factor influencing the particle morphology, and non-coalescing composite microparticles in amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm could be obtained in this work. 27034000 5 12 theme amorphous 955:963 arg1 state 965:969 amorphous state 955:969 amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm 955:1000 The polymer/protein ratio revealed to be a factor influencing the particle morphology, and non-coalescing composite microparticles in amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm could be obtained in this work. 27034000 4 13 theme insulin-loaded 664:677 arg1 microparticles 683:696 insulin-loaded TMC microparticles 664:696 insulin-loaded TMC microparticles with high loading efficiency 664:725 Then, insulin-loaded TMC microparticles with high loading efficiency were coprecipitated from aqueous solutions using SAA-HCM without use of any organic solvents. 27034000 1 14 theme hydrodynamic 206:217 arg1 mixer 230:234 a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer 204:234 a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 204:244 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 1 14 theme hydrodynamic 206:217 arg1 SAA-HCM 237:243 SAA-HCM 237:243 SAA-HCM 237:243 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 0 15 theme assisted 127:134 arg1 atomization 136:146 supercritical fluid assisted atomization 107:146 supercritical fluid assisted atomization 107:146 Formulation of insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan microparticles with improved efficacy for inhalation by supercritical fluid assisted atomization. 27034000 3 16 with microparticles 546:559 arg1 structure 576:584 preserved structure 566:584 preserved structure 566:584 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 3 16 with microparticles 546:559 arg1 stability 598:606 thermal stability 590:606 thermal stability 590:606 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 8 17 theme In 1371:1372 arg1 study 1379:1383 In vivo study 1371:1383 In vivo study 1371:1383 In vivo study demonstrated that TMC could enhance the absorption and bioavailability of the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation for SD rats. 27034000 3 18 theme potential 613:621 arg1 carriers 623:630 potential carriers 613:630 potential carriers for delivery of proteins 613:655 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 3 18 theme potential 613:621 arg1 microparticles 546:559 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles 506:559 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability 506:606 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 1 19 theme cavitation 219:228 arg1 mixer 230:234 a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer 204:234 a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 204:244 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 1 19 theme cavitation 219:228 arg1 SAA-HCM 237:243 SAA-HCM 237:243 SAA-HCM 237:243 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 6 20 theme inhalable 1169:1177 arg1 range 1179:1183 the inhalable range 1165:1183 the inhalable range of 1-5μm 1165:1192 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 7 21 theme circular 1321:1328 arg1 dichroism 1330:1338 circular dichroism 1321:1338 circular dichroism 1321:1338 The structural integrity of encapsulated insulin was confirmed by HPLC, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. 27034000 3 22 theme proteins 648:655 arg1 delivery 636:643 delivery 636:643 delivery of proteins 636:655 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 6 23 theme next 1074:1077 arg1 NGI 1100:1102 NGI 1100:1102 NGI 1100:1102 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 6 23 theme next 1074:1077 arg1 impactor 1090:1097 next generation impactor 1074:1097 next generation impactor (NGI) 1074:1103 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 5 24 theme non-coalescing 912:925 arg1 microparticles 937:950 non-coalescing composite microparticles 912:950 non-coalescing composite microparticles in amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm 912:1000 The polymer/protein ratio revealed to be a factor influencing the particle morphology, and non-coalescing composite microparticles in amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm could be obtained in this work. 27034000 9 25 theme promising 1656:1664 arg1 SAA-HCM 1643:1649 SAA-HCM 1643:1649 SAA-HCM 1643:1649 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 9 25 theme promising 1656:1664 arg1 technique 1666:1674 a promising technique 1654:1674 a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders 1654:1733 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 9 26 theme TMC 1548:1550 arg1 vehicle 1612:1618 a promising vehicle 1600:1618 a promising vehicle for drug delivery 1600:1636 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 9 26 theme TMC 1548:1550 arg1 microparticles 1552:1565 TMC microparticles 1548:1565 TMC microparticles 1548:1565 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 0 27 theme N-trimethyl 30:40 arg1 chitosan 42:49 insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan 15:49 insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan 15:49 Formulation of insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan microparticles with improved efficacy for inhalation by supercritical fluid assisted atomization. 27034000 6 28 theme generation 1079:1088 arg1 NGI 1100:1102 NGI 1100:1102 NGI 1100:1102 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 6 28 theme generation 1079:1088 arg1 impactor 1090:1097 next generation impactor 1074:1097 next generation impactor (NGI) 1074:1103 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 8 29 theme formulation 1496:1506 arg1 absorption 1425:1434 absorption 1425:1434 absorption 1425:1434 In vivo study demonstrated that TMC could enhance the absorption and bioavailability of the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation for SD rats. 27034000 8 29 theme formulation 1496:1506 arg1 bioavailability 1440:1454 bioavailability 1440:1454 bioavailability 1440:1454 In vivo study demonstrated that TMC could enhance the absorption and bioavailability of the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation for SD rats. 27034000 2 30 theme N-trimethyl 351:361 arg1 TMC 373:375 TMC 373:375 TMC 373:375 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer, was synthesized and successfully micronized from aqueous solution using SAA-HCM. 27034000 2 30 theme N-trimethyl 351:361 arg1 chitosan 363:370 N-trimethyl chitosan 351:370 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) 351:376 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer, was synthesized and successfully micronized from aqueous solution using SAA-HCM. 27034000 2 30 theme N-trimethyl 351:361 arg1 enhancer 415:422 a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer 379:422 a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer 379:422 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer, was synthesized and successfully micronized from aqueous solution using SAA-HCM. 27034000 2 31 theme aqueous 474:480 arg1 solution 482:489 aqueous solution 474:489 aqueous solution using SAA-HCM 474:503 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer, was synthesized and successfully micronized from aqueous solution using SAA-HCM. 27034000 0 32 theme insulin-loaded 15:28 arg1 chitosan 42:49 insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan 15:49 insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan 15:49 Formulation of insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan microparticles with improved efficacy for inhalation by supercritical fluid assisted atomization. 27034000 1 33 theme inhalation 324:333 arg1 administration 335:348 inhalation administration 324:348 inhalation administration 324:348 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 8 34 theme administered 1475:1486 arg1 formulation 1496:1506 the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation 1459:1506 the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation 1459:1506 In vivo study demonstrated that TMC could enhance the absorption and bioavailability of the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation for SD rats. 27034000 5 35 theme composite 927:935 arg1 microparticles 937:950 non-coalescing composite microparticles 912:950 non-coalescing composite microparticles in amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm 912:1000 The polymer/protein ratio revealed to be a factor influencing the particle morphology, and non-coalescing composite microparticles in amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm could be obtained in this work. 27034000 3 36 theme spherical 532:540 arg1 carriers 623:630 potential carriers 613:630 potential carriers for delivery of proteins 613:655 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 3 36 theme spherical 532:540 arg1 microparticles 546:559 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles 506:559 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability 506:606 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 3 37 theme preserved 566:574 arg1 structure 576:584 preserved structure 566:584 preserved structure 566:584 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 6 38 theme particle 1206:1213 arg1 FPF 1225:1227 FPF 1225:1227 FPF 1225:1227 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 6 38 theme particle 1206:1213 arg1 fraction 1215:1222 fine particle fraction 1201:1222 fine particle fraction (FPF) 1201:1228 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 8 39 theme insulin 1488:1494 arg1 formulation 1496:1506 the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation 1459:1506 the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation 1459:1506 In vivo study demonstrated that TMC could enhance the absorption and bioavailability of the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation for SD rats. 27034000 0 40 theme chitosan 42:49 arg1 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation of insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan 0:49 Formulation of insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan microparticles with improved efficacy for inhalation by supercritical fluid assisted atomization. 27034000 8 41 dep absorption 1425:1434 arg1 the 1421:1423 the 1421:1423 the 1421:1423 In vivo study demonstrated that TMC could enhance the absorption and bioavailability of the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation for SD rats. 27034000 5 42 theme particle 887:894 arg1 morphology 896:905 the particle morphology 883:905 the particle morphology 883:905 The polymer/protein ratio revealed to be a factor influencing the particle morphology, and non-coalescing composite microparticles in amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm could be obtained in this work. 27034000 4 43 theme loading 708:714 arg1 efficiency 716:725 high loading efficiency 703:725 high loading efficiency 703:725 Then, insulin-loaded TMC microparticles with high loading efficiency were coprecipitated from aqueous solutions using SAA-HCM without use of any organic solvents. 27034000 3 44 theme prepared 510:517 arg1 carriers 623:630 potential carriers 613:630 potential carriers for delivery of proteins 613:655 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 3 44 theme prepared 510:517 arg1 microparticles 546:559 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles 506:559 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability 506:606 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 0 45 theme improved 71:78 arg1 efficacy 80:87 improved efficacy 71:87 improved efficacy for inhalation by supercritical fluid assisted atomization 71:146 Formulation of insulin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan microparticles with improved efficacy for inhalation by supercritical fluid assisted atomization. 27034000 5 46 theme polymer/protein 825:839 arg1 factor 864:869 a factor 862:869 a factor influencing the particle morphology 862:905 The polymer/protein ratio revealed to be a factor influencing the particle morphology, and non-coalescing composite microparticles in amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm could be obtained in this work. 27034000 5 46 theme polymer/protein 825:839 arg1 ratio 841:845 The polymer/protein ratio 821:845 The polymer/protein ratio 821:845 The polymer/protein ratio revealed to be a factor influencing the particle morphology, and non-coalescing composite microparticles in amorphous state mainly ranging from 1μm to 5μm could be obtained in this work. 27034000 9 47 theme polymer/protein 1697:1711 arg1 powders 1727:1733 inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders 1687:1733 inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders 1687:1733 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 6 48 theme fine 1201:1204 arg1 FPF 1225:1227 FPF 1225:1227 FPF 1225:1227 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 6 48 theme fine 1201:1204 arg1 fraction 1215:1222 fine particle fraction 1201:1222 fine particle fraction (FPF) 1201:1228 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 4 49 theme solvents 811:818 arg1 use 792:794 use 792:794 use of any organic solvents 792:818 Then, insulin-loaded TMC microparticles with high loading efficiency were coprecipitated from aqueous solutions using SAA-HCM without use of any organic solvents. 27034000 9 50 theme promising 1602:1610 arg1 microparticles 1552:1565 TMC microparticles 1548:1565 TMC microparticles 1548:1565 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 9 50 theme promising 1602:1610 arg1 vehicle 1612:1618 a promising vehicle 1600:1618 a promising vehicle for drug delivery 1600:1636 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 7 51 theme structural 1253:1262 arg1 integrity 1264:1272 The structural integrity 1249:1272 The structural integrity of encapsulated insulin 1249:1296 The structural integrity of encapsulated insulin was confirmed by HPLC, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. 27034000 4 52 with microparticles 683:696 arg1 efficiency 716:725 high loading efficiency 703:725 high loading efficiency 703:725 Then, insulin-loaded TMC microparticles with high loading efficiency were coprecipitated from aqueous solutions using SAA-HCM without use of any organic solvents. 27034000 7 53 theme fluorescence 1344:1355 arg1 spectroscopy 1357:1368 fluorescence spectroscopy 1344:1368 fluorescence spectroscopy 1344:1368 The structural integrity of encapsulated insulin was confirmed by HPLC, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. 27034000 1 54 theme Supercritical 149:161 arg1 technique 270:278 a green technique 262:278 a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration 262:348 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 1 54 theme Supercritical 149:161 arg1 atomization 178:188 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization 149:188 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 149:244 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 6 55 theme Aerodynamic 1034:1044 arg1 properties 1046:1055 Aerodynamic properties 1034:1055 Aerodynamic properties 1034:1055 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 9 56 theme dry 1723:1725 arg1 powders 1727:1733 inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders 1687:1733 inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders 1687:1733 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 6 57 theme median 1118:1123 arg1 MMAD 1147:1150 MMAD 1147:1150 MMAD 1147:1150 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 6 57 theme median 1118:1123 arg1 diameter 1137:1144 the mass median aerodynamic diameter 1109:1144 the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) 1109:1151 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 3 58 theme TMC 542:544 arg1 carriers 623:630 potential carriers 613:630 potential carriers for delivery of proteins 613:655 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 3 58 theme TMC 542:544 arg1 microparticles 546:559 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles 506:559 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability 506:606 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 6 59 theme aerodynamic 1125:1135 arg1 MMAD 1147:1150 MMAD 1147:1150 MMAD 1147:1150 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 6 59 theme aerodynamic 1125:1135 arg1 diameter 1137:1144 the mass median aerodynamic diameter 1109:1144 the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) 1109:1151 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 8 60 theme SD 1512:1513 arg1 rats 1515:1518 SD rats 1512:1518 SD rats 1512:1518 In vivo study demonstrated that TMC could enhance the absorption and bioavailability of the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation for SD rats. 27034000 1 61 theme assisted 169:176 arg1 technique 270:278 a green technique 262:278 a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration 262:348 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 1 61 theme assisted 169:176 arg1 atomization 178:188 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization 149:188 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 149:244 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 1 62 theme fluid 163:167 arg1 technique 270:278 a green technique 262:278 a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration 262:348 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 1 62 theme fluid 163:167 arg1 atomization 178:188 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization 149:188 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 149:244 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 6 63 theme 1-5μm 1188:1192 arg1 range 1179:1183 the inhalable range 1165:1183 the inhalable range of 1-5μm 1165:1192 Aerodynamic properties were assessed by next generation impactor (NGI) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) lied inside the inhalable range of 1-5μm, while fine particle fraction (FPF) reached above 60%. 27034000 8 64 dep In 1371:1372 arg1 vivo 1374:1377 vivo 1374:1377 vivo 1374:1377 In vivo study demonstrated that TMC could enhance the absorption and bioavailability of the pulmonarily administered insulin formulation for SD rats. 27034000 3 65 theme well-defined 519:530 arg1 carriers 623:630 potential carriers 613:630 potential carriers for delivery of proteins 613:655 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 3 65 theme well-defined 519:530 arg1 microparticles 546:559 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles 506:559 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability 506:606 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 3 66 theme thermal 590:596 arg1 stability 598:606 thermal stability 590:606 thermal stability 590:606 The prepared well-defined spherical TMC microparticles with preserved structure and thermal stability were potential carriers for delivery of proteins. 27034000 4 67 theme aqueous 752:758 arg1 solutions 760:768 aqueous solutions 752:768 aqueous solutions using SAA-HCM without use of any organic solvents 752:818 Then, insulin-loaded TMC microparticles with high loading efficiency were coprecipitated from aqueous solutions using SAA-HCM without use of any organic solvents. 27034000 1 68 theme green 264:268 arg1 technique 270:278 a green technique 262:278 a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration 262:348 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 1 68 theme green 264:268 arg1 atomization 178:188 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization 149:188 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) 149:244 Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM) was proposed as a green technique to fabricate insulin-loaded dry powders for inhalation administration. 27034000 4 69 theme TMC 679:681 arg1 microparticles 683:696 insulin-loaded TMC microparticles 664:696 insulin-loaded TMC microparticles with high loading efficiency 664:725 Then, insulin-loaded TMC microparticles with high loading efficiency were coprecipitated from aqueous solutions using SAA-HCM without use of any organic solvents. 27034000 4 70 theme high 703:706 arg1 efficiency 716:725 high loading efficiency 703:725 high loading efficiency 703:725 Then, insulin-loaded TMC microparticles with high loading efficiency were coprecipitated from aqueous solutions using SAA-HCM without use of any organic solvents. 27034000 2 71 theme absorption 404:413 arg1 chitosan 363:370 N-trimethyl chitosan 351:370 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) 351:376 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer, was synthesized and successfully micronized from aqueous solution using SAA-HCM. 27034000 2 71 theme absorption 404:413 arg1 enhancer 415:422 a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer 379:422 a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer 379:422 N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a polymeric mucoadhesive absorption enhancer, was synthesized and successfully micronized from aqueous solution using SAA-HCM. 27034000 9 72 theme composite 1713:1721 arg1 powders 1727:1733 inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders 1687:1733 inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders 1687:1733 These results suggest that TMC microparticles could be efficiently prepared as a promising vehicle for drug delivery, and SAA-HCM is a promising technique to prepare inhalable polymer/protein composite dry powders. 27034000 4 73 theme organic 803:809 arg1 solvents 811:818 any organic solvents 799:818 any organic solvents 799:818 Then, insulin-loaded TMC microparticles with high loading efficiency were coprecipitated from aqueous solutions using SAA-HCM without use of any organic solvents. 27793335 8 0 theme cells 1391:1395 arg1 cultures 1357:1364 heterogeneous cultures 1343:1364 heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells 1343:1395 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 7 1 theme CD11c+ 1142:1147 arg1 cells 1149:1153 purified CD11c+ cells 1133:1153 purified CD11c+ cells 1133:1153 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 0 2 theme phenotype 70:78 arg1 modulation 41:50 modulation 41:50 modulation of dendritic cell phenotype 41:78 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 8 3 theme cell-mediated 1408:1420 arg1 immunity 1422:1429 cell-mediated immunity 1408:1429 cell-mediated immunity 1408:1429 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 8 4 theme immune 1384:1389 arg1 cells 1391:1395 innate immune cells 1377:1395 innate immune cells 1377:1395 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 1 5 theme Dendritic 149:157 arg1 DC 165:166 DC 165:166 DC 165:166 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have much utility in their ability to prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. 27793335 1 5 theme Dendritic 149:157 arg1 cell 159:162 Dendritic cell 149:162 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies 149:189 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have much utility in their ability to prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. 27793335 8 6 theme present 1292:1298 arg1 populations 1280:1290 cell populations 1275:1290 cell populations present during DC priming 1275:1316 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 6 7 theme Antigen-specific 902:917 arg1 stimulation 919:929 Antigen-specific stimulation 902:929 Antigen-specific stimulation of CD4+ T cells 902:945 Antigen-specific stimulation of CD4+ T cells was not modulated by co-culture composition, in terms of proliferation nor levels of IFN-γ. 27793335 7 8 theme CD8+ 1108:1111 arg1 cells 1115:1119 CD8+ T cells 1108:1119 CD8+ T cells 1108:1119 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 0 9 from Role 0:3 arg1 modulation 41:50 modulation 41:50 modulation of dendritic cell phenotype 41:78 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 4 10 theme dependent 736:744 arg1 manner 746:751 a CD11c- dependent manner 727:751 a CD11c- dependent manner 727:751 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 3 11 theme CD11c- 473:478 arg1 cells 480:484 both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells 451:484 cells 480:484 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 4 12 theme MHCII 661:665 arg1 expression 647:656 reduced expression 639:656 reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 639:674 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 4 12 theme MHCII 661:665 arg1 uptake 698:703 increased antigen uptake 680:703 increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells 680:722 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 1 13 theme antigen-specific 235:250 arg1 responses 268:276 antigen-specific adaptive immune responses 235:276 antigen-specific adaptive immune responses 235:276 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have much utility in their ability to prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. 27793335 7 14 theme T 1113:1113 arg1 cells 1115:1119 CD8+ T cells 1108:1119 CD8+ T cells 1108:1119 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 5 15 theme cytokines 875:883 arg1 secretion 845:853 secretion 845:853 secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α 845:899 DCs from all culture conditions were induced to mature by MPLA treatment, as determined by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. 27793335 4 16 theme CD86 671:674 arg1 expression 647:656 reduced expression 639:656 reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 639:674 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 4 16 theme CD86 671:674 arg1 uptake 698:703 increased antigen uptake 680:703 increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells 680:722 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 4 17 from priming 587:593 arg1 ratios 619:624 different co-culture ratios 598:624 different co-culture ratios 598:624 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 1 18 theme adaptive 252:259 arg1 responses 268:276 antigen-specific adaptive immune responses 235:276 antigen-specific adaptive immune responses 235:276 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have much utility in their ability to prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. 27793335 0 19 theme T 102:102 arg1 cells 104:108 CD8 T cells 98:108 CD8 T cells 98:108 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 7 20 theme cell 1179:1182 arg1 proliferation 1184:1196 increased cell proliferation 1169:1196 increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production 1169:1231 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 7 21 theme CD11c- 1064:1069 arg1 cells 1071:1075 CD11c- cells 1064:1075 CD11c- cells 1064:1075 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 7 22 theme IFN-γ 1216:1220 arg1 production 1222:1231 higher IFN-γ production 1209:1231 increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production 1169:1231 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 4 23 theme antigen 690:696 arg1 uptake 698:703 increased antigen uptake 680:703 increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells 680:722 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 1 24 theme cell 159:162 arg1 immunotherapies 175:189 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies 149:189 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies 149:189 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have much utility in their ability to prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. 27793335 0 25 theme CD8 98:100 arg1 cells 104:108 CD8 T cells 98:108 CD8 T cells 98:108 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 4 26 theme increased 680:688 arg1 uptake 698:703 increased antigen uptake 680:703 increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells 680:722 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 3 27 from stimulation 537:547 arg1 DC 552:553 DC phenotype and function 552:576 DC phenotype and function 552:576 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 3 27 from stimulation 537:547 arg1 function 569:576 function 569:576 function 569:576 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 3 27 from stimulation 537:547 arg1 phenotype 555:563 phenotype 555:563 phenotype 555:563 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 5 28 theme culture 767:773 arg1 conditions 775:784 all culture conditions 763:784 all culture conditions 763:784 DCs from all culture conditions were induced to mature by MPLA treatment, as determined by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. 27793335 7 29 theme cells 1071:1075 arg1 presence 1052:1059 the presence 1048:1059 the presence of CD11c- cells 1048:1075 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 8 30 theme populations 1280:1290 arg1 impact 1265:1270 the impact 1261:1270 the impact of cell populations present during DC priming 1261:1316 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 7 31 theme increased 1169:1177 arg1 proliferation 1184:1196 increased cell proliferation 1169:1196 increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production 1169:1231 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 6 32 theme cells 941:945 arg1 stimulation 919:929 Antigen-specific stimulation 902:929 Antigen-specific stimulation of CD4+ T cells 902:945 Antigen-specific stimulation of CD4+ T cells was not modulated by co-culture composition, in terms of proliferation nor levels of IFN-γ. 27793335 1 33 theme immune 261:266 arg1 responses 268:276 antigen-specific adaptive immune responses 235:276 antigen-specific adaptive immune responses 235:276 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have much utility in their ability to prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. 27793335 8 34 theme innate 1377:1382 arg1 cells 1391:1395 innate immune cells 1377:1395 innate immune cells 1377:1395 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 8 35 theme cell 1275:1278 arg1 populations 1280:1290 cell populations 1275:1290 cell populations present during DC priming 1275:1316 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 4 36 theme DC 584:585 arg1 priming 587:593 DC priming 584:593 DC priming in different co-culture ratios 584:624 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 0 37 theme cell 22:25 arg1 population 27:36 heterogeneous cell population 8:36 heterogeneous cell population 8:36 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 8 38 theme cultures 1357:1364 arg1 use 1336:1338 the use 1332:1338 the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity 1332:1429 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 1 39 theme -based 168:173 arg1 immunotherapies 175:189 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies 149:189 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies 149:189 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have much utility in their ability to prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. 27793335 0 40 theme heterogeneous 8:20 arg1 population 27:36 heterogeneous cell population 8:36 heterogeneous cell population 8:36 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 0 41 theme cells 104:108 arg1 Role 0:3 Role 0:3 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype 0:78 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 0 41 theme cells 104:108 arg1 activation 84:93 activation 84:93 activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies 84:146 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 8 42 theme DC 1307:1308 arg1 priming 1310:1316 DC priming 1307:1316 DC priming 1307:1316 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 2 43 theme standard 325:332 arg1 consensus 315:323 a consensus 313:323 a consensus standard to how DCs should be primed 313:360 However, there does not yet exist a consensus standard to how DCs should be primed. 27793335 3 44 theme heterogeneous 412:424 arg1 co-cultures 426:436 heterogeneous co-cultures 412:436 heterogeneous co-cultures 412:436 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 6 45 theme IFN-γ 1032:1036 arg1 levels 1022:1027 levels 1022:1027 levels of IFN-γ 1022:1036 Antigen-specific stimulation of CD4+ T cells was not modulated by co-culture composition, in terms of proliferation nor levels of IFN-γ. 27793335 3 46 theme A 528:528 arg1 stimulation 537:547 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation 507:547 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function 507:576 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 6 47 theme co-culture 968:977 arg1 composition 979:989 co-culture composition 968:989 co-culture composition 968:989 Antigen-specific stimulation of CD4+ T cells was not modulated by co-culture composition, in terms of proliferation nor levels of IFN-γ. 27793335 0 48 theme population 27:36 arg1 Role 0:3 Role 0:3 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype 0:78 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 0 48 theme population 27:36 arg1 activation 84:93 activation 84:93 activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies 84:146 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 3 49 with combination 490:500 arg1 stimulation 537:547 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation 507:547 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function 507:576 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 1 50 theme much 196:199 arg1 utility 201:207 much utility 196:207 much utility 196:207 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have much utility in their ability to prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. 27793335 7 51 theme purified 1133:1140 arg1 cells 1149:1153 purified CD11c+ cells 1133:1153 purified CD11c+ cells 1133:1153 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 3 52 theme monophosphoryl 507:520 arg1 A 528:528 monophosphoryl lipid A 507:528 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function 507:576 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 3 52 theme monophosphoryl 507:520 arg1 MPLA 531:534 MPLA 531:534 MPLA 531:534 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 3 53 from role 404:407 arg1 combination 490:500 combination 490:500 combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function 490:576 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 5 54 theme MPLA 812:815 arg1 treatment 817:825 MPLA treatment 812:825 MPLA treatment 812:825 DCs from all culture conditions were induced to mature by MPLA treatment, as determined by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. 27793335 0 55 theme cell-based 121:130 arg1 immunotherapies 132:146 cell-based immunotherapies 121:146 cell-based immunotherapies 121:146 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 3 56 theme lipid 522:526 arg1 A 528:528 monophosphoryl lipid A 507:528 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function 507:576 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 3 56 theme lipid 522:526 arg1 MPLA 531:534 MPLA 531:534 MPLA 531:534 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 4 57 theme reduced 639:645 arg1 expression 647:656 reduced expression 639:656 reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 639:674 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 8 58 theme DCs 1369:1371 arg1 cultures 1357:1364 heterogeneous cultures 1343:1364 heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells 1343:1395 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 1 59 contain have 191:194 arg1 immunotherapies 175:189 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies 149:189 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies 149:189 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have much utility in their ability to prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. 27793335 1 59 contain have 191:194 arg2 utility 201:207 much utility 196:207 much utility 196:207 Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have much utility in their ability to prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. 27793335 7 60 dep along 1198:1202 arg1 with 1204:1207 with 1204:1207 with 1204:1207 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 6 61 theme T 939:939 arg1 cells 941:945 CD4+ T cells 934:945 CD4+ T cells 934:945 Antigen-specific stimulation of CD4+ T cells was not modulated by co-culture composition, in terms of proliferation nor levels of IFN-γ. 27793335 3 62 theme co-cultures 426:436 arg1 role 404:407 the role 400:407 the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function 400:576 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 4 63 theme co-culture 608:617 arg1 ratios 619:624 different co-culture ratios 598:624 different co-culture ratios 598:624 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 3 64 dep DC 552:553 arg1 DC 552:553 DC phenotype and function 552:576 DC phenotype and function 552:576 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 3 64 dep DC 552:553 arg1 function 569:576 function 569:576 function 569:576 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 3 64 dep DC 552:553 arg1 phenotype 555:563 phenotype 555:563 phenotype 555:563 In this study, we aimed to determine the role of heterogeneous co-cultures, composed of both CD11c+ (DCs) and CD11c- cells, in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) stimulation on DC phenotype and function. 27793335 8 65 theme heterogeneous 1343:1355 arg1 cultures 1357:1364 heterogeneous cultures 1343:1364 heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells 1343:1395 These findings demonstrate the impact of cell populations present during DC priming, and point to the use of heterogeneous cultures of DCs and innate immune cells to enhance cell-mediated immunity. 27793335 5 66 theme pro-inflammatory 858:873 arg1 cytokines 875:883 pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α 858:899 pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α 858:899 DCs from all culture conditions were induced to mature by MPLA treatment, as determined by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. 27793335 5 66 theme pro-inflammatory 858:873 arg1 TNF-α 895:899 TNF-α 895:899 TNF-α 895:899 DCs from all culture conditions were induced to mature by MPLA treatment, as determined by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. 27793335 5 66 theme pro-inflammatory 858:873 arg1 IL-12 885:889 IL-12 885:889 IL-12 885:889 DCs from all culture conditions were induced to mature by MPLA treatment, as determined by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. 27793335 5 67 from conditions 775:784 arg1 DCs 754:756 DCs 754:756 DCs from all culture conditions 754:784 DCs from all culture conditions were induced to mature by MPLA treatment, as determined by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. 27793335 5 68 dep cytokines 875:883 arg1 cytokines 875:883 pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α 858:899 pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α 858:899 DCs from all culture conditions were induced to mature by MPLA treatment, as determined by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. 27793335 5 68 dep cytokines 875:883 arg1 TNF-α 895:899 TNF-α 895:899 TNF-α 895:899 DCs from all culture conditions were induced to mature by MPLA treatment, as determined by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. 27793335 5 68 dep cytokines 875:883 arg1 IL-12 885:889 IL-12 885:889 IL-12 885:889 DCs from all culture conditions were induced to mature by MPLA treatment, as determined by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α. 27793335 0 69 from use 114:116 arg1 immunotherapies 132:146 cell-based immunotherapies 121:146 cell-based immunotherapies 121:146 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 0 70 theme cell 65:68 arg1 phenotype 70:78 dendritic cell phenotype 55:78 dendritic cell phenotype 55:78 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 0 71 from activation 84:93 arg1 modulation 41:50 modulation 41:50 modulation of dendritic cell phenotype 41:78 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 7 72 theme higher 1209:1214 arg1 production 1222:1231 higher IFN-γ production 1209:1231 increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production 1169:1231 However, the presence of CD11c- cells enhanced cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells compared to purified CD11c+ cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation along with higher IFN-γ production. 27793335 4 73 theme different 598:606 arg1 ratios 619:624 different co-culture ratios 598:624 different co-culture ratios 598:624 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 6 74 theme CD4+ 934:937 arg1 cells 941:945 CD4+ T cells 934:945 CD4+ T cells 934:945 Antigen-specific stimulation of CD4+ T cells was not modulated by co-culture composition, in terms of proliferation nor levels of IFN-γ. 27793335 0 75 theme dendritic 55:63 arg1 phenotype 70:78 dendritic cell phenotype 55:78 dendritic cell phenotype 55:78 Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies. 27793335 4 76 theme CD11c+ 711:716 arg1 cells 718:722 CD11c+ cells 711:722 CD11c+ cells 711:722 Upon DC priming in different co-culture ratios, we observed reduced expression of MHCII and CD86 and increased antigen uptake among CD11c+ cells in a CD11c- dependent manner. 27793335 6 77 theme proliferation 1004:1016 arg1 terms 995:999 terms 995:999 terms of proliferation 995:1016 Antigen-specific stimulation of CD4+ T cells was not modulated by co-culture composition, in terms of proliferation nor levels of IFN-γ. 25376622 4 0 theme final 875:879 arg1 scaffold 891:898 the final composite scaffold 871:898 the final composite scaffold 871:898 In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. 25376622 2 1 theme intervertebral 344:357 arg1 disc 359:362 the intervertebral disc 340:362 the intervertebral disc 340:362 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 11 2 theme incorporating 2203:2215 arg1 collagen 2217:2224 incorporating collagen 2203:2224 incorporating collagen 2203:2224 Taken together, these findings illustrate the advantages of incorporating collagen as a means to enhance cell migration and proliferation in porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies. 25376622 7 3 theme spreading 1545:1553 arg1 behavior 1555:1562 spreading behavior 1545:1562 spreading behavior 1545:1562 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 4 4 theme scaffold 891:898 arg1 properties 857:866 the physical properties 844:866 the physical properties of the final composite scaffold 844:898 In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. 25376622 6 5 theme only 1247:1250 arg1 scaffolds 1252:1260 alginate only scaffolds 1238:1260 alginate only scaffolds 1238:1260 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 0 6 dep ex 93:94 arg1 vivo 96:99 vivo 96:99 vivo 96:99 Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair. 25376622 10 7 theme defect 2022:2027 arg1 model 2029:2033 ex vivo organ defect model 2008:2033 ex vivo organ defect model 2008:2033 In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate-collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. 25376622 3 8 theme shape-memory 541:552 arg1 properties 554:563 shape-memory properties 541:563 shape-memory properties 541:563 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 4 9 theme physical 848:855 arg1 properties 857:866 the physical properties 844:866 the physical properties of the final composite scaffold 844:898 In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. 25376622 6 10 theme oxygen 1196:1201 arg1 concentrations 1203:1216 low oxygen concentrations 1192:1216 low oxygen concentrations 1192:1216 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 2 11 theme nucleus 283:289 arg1 tissue 275:280 inner tissue 269:280 inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) 269:299 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 2 11 theme nucleus 283:289 arg1 pulposus 291:298 nucleus pulposus 283:298 nucleus pulposus 283:298 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 7 12 with expression 1589:1598 arg1 behavior 1555:1562 spreading behavior 1545:1562 spreading behavior 1545:1562 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 1 13 theme significant 179:189 arg1 problem 191:197 a significant problem 177:197 a significant problem in an aging society with substantial socioeconomic consequences 177:261 Lower lumbar disc disorders pose a significant problem in an aging society with substantial socioeconomic consequences. 25376622 7 14 theme fibroblastic-like 1506:1522 arg1 morphology 1529:1538 their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology 1492:1538 their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior 1492:1562 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 6 15 theme annulus 1263:1269 arg1 cells 1280:1284 annulus fibrosus cells 1263:1284 annulus fibrosus cells 1263:1284 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 6 16 theme alginate 1238:1245 arg1 scaffolds 1252:1260 alginate only scaffolds 1238:1260 alginate only scaffolds 1238:1260 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 6 17 theme low 1176:1178 arg1 glucose 1180:1186 low glucose 1176:1186 low glucose 1176:1186 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 0 18 theme disc 131:134 arg1 repair 136:141 intervertebral disc repair 116:141 intervertebral disc repair 116:141 Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair. 25376622 2 19 theme outer 305:309 arg1 tissue 311:316 outer tissue 305:316 outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) 305:335 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 2 19 theme outer 305:309 arg1 fibrosus 327:334 annulus fibrosus 319:334 annulus fibrosus 319:334 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 9 20 theme alginate-collagen 1779:1795 arg1 scaffolds 1804:1812 alginate-collagen porous scaffolds 1779:1812 alginate-collagen porous scaffolds 1779:1812 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 3 21 contain has 661:663 arg2 potential 669:677 the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery 665:727 the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery 665:727 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 3 21 contain has 661:663 arg1 defects 573:579 defects 573:579 defects 573:579 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 10 22 theme transplanted 2088:2099 arg1 cells 2118:2122 transplanted mesenchymal stem cells 2088:2122 transplanted mesenchymal stem cells 2088:2122 In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate-collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. 25376622 3 23 theme fibrosus 602:609 arg1 tissue 611:616 annulus fibrosus tissue 594:616 annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs 594:652 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 10 24 dep 5 2134:2134 arg1 to 2131:2132 to 2131:2132 to 2131:2132 In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate-collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. 25376622 7 25 theme annulus 1409:1415 arg1 cells 1426:1430 annulus fibrosus cells 1409:1430 annulus fibrosus cells 1409:1430 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 6 26 theme migration 1341:1349 arg1 capacity 1351:1358 migration capacity 1341:1358 migration capacity 1341:1358 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 5 27 theme control 1050:1056 arg1 scaffolds 1058:1066 control scaffolds 1050:1066 control scaffolds (alginate only) 1050:1082 We also evaluated the ability of annulus fibrosus cells to attach, migrate, and proliferate on the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds compared to control scaffolds (alginate only). 25376622 9 28 theme cell 1824:1827 arg1 proliferation 1829:1841 cell proliferation 1824:1841 cell proliferation 1824:1841 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 3 29 theme intervertebral 633:646 arg1 discs 648:652 degenerated intervertebral discs 621:652 degenerated intervertebral discs 621:652 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 1 30 from problem 191:197 arg1 society 211:217 society 211:217 society 211:217 Lower lumbar disc disorders pose a significant problem in an aging society with substantial socioeconomic consequences. 25376622 5 31 theme annulus 934:940 arg1 cells 951:955 annulus fibrosus cells 934:955 annulus fibrosus cells 934:955 We also evaluated the ability of annulus fibrosus cells to attach, migrate, and proliferate on the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds compared to control scaffolds (alginate only). 25376622 10 32 theme stem 2113:2116 arg1 cells 2118:2122 transplanted mesenchymal stem cells 2088:2122 transplanted mesenchymal stem cells 2088:2122 In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate-collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. 25376622 1 33 theme disc 157:160 arg1 disorders 162:170 Lower lumbar disc disorders 144:170 Lower lumbar disc disorders 144:170 Lower lumbar disc disorders pose a significant problem in an aging society with substantial socioeconomic consequences. 25376622 9 34 theme matrix 1861:1866 arg1 deposition 1868:1877 extracellular matrix deposition 1847:1877 extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I) 1847:1895 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 9 34 theme matrix 1861:1866 arg1 type 1889:1892 collagen type I 1880:1894 collagen type I 1880:1894 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 8 35 dep derived 1720:1726 arg1 marrow 1713:1718 bone marrow 1708:1718 bone marrow 1708:1718 In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. 25376622 11 36 theme tissue 2332:2337 arg1 strategies 2346:2355 tissue repair strategies 2332:2355 tissue repair strategies 2332:2355 Taken together, these findings illustrate the advantages of incorporating collagen as a means to enhance cell migration and proliferation in porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies. 25376622 8 37 link derived 1720:1726 arg1 cells 1745:1749 bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 1708:1749 bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 1708:1749 In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. 25376622 1 38 theme Lower 144:148 arg1 disorders 162:170 Lower lumbar disc disorders 144:170 Lower lumbar disc disorders 144:170 Lower lumbar disc disorders pose a significant problem in an aging society with substantial socioeconomic consequences. 25376622 5 39 dep scaffolds 1058:1066 arg1 alginate 1069:1076 alginate 1069:1076 alginate 1069:1076 We also evaluated the ability of annulus fibrosus cells to attach, migrate, and proliferate on the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds compared to control scaffolds (alginate only). 25376622 8 40 theme second 1606:1611 arg1 part 1613:1616 a second part 1604:1616 a second part of this study 1604:1630 In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. 25376622 2 41 theme such 380:383 arg1 disorders 398:406 such debilitating disorders 380:406 such debilitating disorders 380:406 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 5 42 theme cells 951:955 arg1 ability 923:929 the ability 919:929 the ability of annulus fibrosus cells to attach, migrate, and proliferate on the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds compared to control scaffolds (alginate only) 919:1082 We also evaluated the ability of annulus fibrosus cells to attach, migrate, and proliferate on the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds compared to control scaffolds (alginate only). 25376622 10 43 dep ex 2008:2009 arg1 vivo 2011:2014 vivo 2011:2014 vivo 2011:2014 In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate-collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. 25376622 11 44 theme porous 2284:2289 arg1 scaffolds 2291:2299 porous scaffolds 2284:2299 porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies 2284:2355 Taken together, these findings illustrate the advantages of incorporating collagen as a means to enhance cell migration and proliferation in porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies. 25376622 8 45 theme study 1626:1630 arg1 part 1613:1616 a second part 1604:1616 a second part of this study 1604:1630 In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. 25376622 4 46 theme alginate 814:821 arg1 scaffolds 823:831 preformed alginate scaffolds 804:831 preformed alginate scaffolds 804:831 In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. 25376622 0 47 theme shape-memory 28:39 arg1 scaffolds 69:77 shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds 28:77 shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds 28:77 Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair. 25376622 3 48 with scaffold 527:534 arg1 properties 554:563 shape-memory properties 541:563 shape-memory properties 541:563 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 0 49 theme composite 59:67 arg1 scaffolds 69:77 shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds 28:77 shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds 28:77 Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair. 25376622 6 50 theme microenvironmental 1145:1162 arg1 conditions 1164:1173 intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions 1120:1173 intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations) 1120:1217 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 4 51 theme collagen 778:785 arg1 incorporation 787:799 collagen incorporation 778:799 collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds 778:831 In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. 25376622 8 52 theme derived 1720:1726 arg1 cells 1745:1749 bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 1708:1749 bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 1708:1749 In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. 25376622 1 53 theme substantial 224:234 arg1 consequences 250:261 substantial socioeconomic consequences 224:261 substantial socioeconomic consequences 224:261 Lower lumbar disc disorders pose a significant problem in an aging society with substantial socioeconomic consequences. 25376622 7 54 theme intense 1568:1574 arg1 expression 1589:1598 intense cytoskeleton expression 1568:1598 intense cytoskeleton expression 1568:1598 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 6 55 theme intervertebral 1120:1133 arg1 conditions 1164:1173 intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions 1120:1173 intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations) 1120:1217 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 9 56 theme transforming 1947:1958 arg1 factor-β3 1967:1975 transforming growth factor-β3 1947:1975 transforming growth factor-β3 1947:1975 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 6 57 dep conditions 1164:1173 arg1 glucose 1180:1186 low glucose 1176:1186 low glucose 1176:1186 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 6 57 dep conditions 1164:1173 arg1 concentrations 1203:1216 low oxygen concentrations 1192:1216 low oxygen concentrations 1192:1216 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 3 58 theme alginate-collagen 492:508 arg1 scaffold 527:534 an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold 489:534 an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties 489:563 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 8 59 theme stem 1740:1743 arg1 cells 1745:1749 bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 1708:1749 bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 1708:1749 In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. 25376622 5 60 theme composite 1000:1008 arg1 scaffolds 1028:1036 the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds 996:1036 the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds 996:1036 We also evaluated the ability of annulus fibrosus cells to attach, migrate, and proliferate on the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds compared to control scaffolds (alginate only). 25376622 9 61 theme factor-β3 1967:1975 arg1 release 1936:1942 the local release 1926:1942 the local release of transforming growth factor-β3 1926:1975 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 8 62 theme scaffold 1682:1689 arg1 effects 1653:1659 the effects 1649:1659 the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold 1649:1689 In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. 25376622 3 63 theme invasive 712:719 arg1 surgery 721:727 minimal invasive surgery 704:727 minimal invasive surgery 704:727 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 6 64 theme limited 1316:1322 arg1 infiltration 1324:1335 limited infiltration 1316:1335 limited infiltration 1316:1335 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 2 65 theme disc 359:362 arg1 tissue 311:316 outer tissue 305:316 outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) 305:335 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 2 65 theme disc 359:362 arg1 fibrosus 327:334 annulus fibrosus 319:334 annulus fibrosus 319:334 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 2 65 theme disc 359:362 arg1 tissue 275:280 inner tissue 269:280 inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) 269:299 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 2 65 theme disc 359:362 arg1 pulposus 291:298 nucleus pulposus 283:298 nucleus pulposus 283:298 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 11 66 theme collagen 2217:2224 arg1 advantages 2189:2198 the advantages 2185:2198 the advantages of incorporating collagen 2185:2224 Taken together, these findings illustrate the advantages of incorporating collagen as a means to enhance cell migration and proliferation in porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies. 25376622 11 66 theme collagen 2217:2224 arg1 means 2231:2235 a means 2229:2235 a means to enhance cell migration and proliferation in porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies 2229:2355 Taken together, these findings illustrate the advantages of incorporating collagen as a means to enhance cell migration and proliferation in porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies. 25376622 7 67 theme cell 1524:1527 arg1 morphology 1529:1538 their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology 1492:1538 their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior 1492:1562 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 4 68 theme composite 881:889 arg1 scaffold 891:898 the final composite scaffold 871:898 the final composite scaffold 871:898 In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. 25376622 8 69 theme bone 1708:1711 arg1 marrow 1713:1718 bone marrow 1708:1718 bone marrow 1708:1718 In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. 25376622 10 70 theme organ 2016:2020 arg1 model 2029:2033 ex vivo organ defect model 2008:2033 ex vivo organ defect model 2008:2033 In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate-collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. 25376622 3 71 theme porous 520:525 arg1 scaffold 527:534 an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold 489:534 an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties 489:563 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 7 72 theme typical 1498:1504 arg1 morphology 1529:1538 their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology 1492:1538 their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior 1492:1562 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 6 73 theme low 1192:1194 arg1 concentrations 1203:1216 low oxygen concentrations 1192:1216 low oxygen concentrations 1192:1216 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 10 74 theme ex 2008:2009 arg1 model 2029:2033 ex vivo organ defect model 2008:2033 ex vivo organ defect model 2008:2033 In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate-collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. 25376622 6 75 theme fibrosus 1271:1278 arg1 cells 1280:1284 annulus fibrosus cells 1263:1284 annulus fibrosus cells 1263:1284 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 2 76 theme annulus 319:325 arg1 tissue 311:316 outer tissue 305:316 outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) 305:335 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 2 76 theme annulus 319:325 arg1 fibrosus 327:334 annulus fibrosus 319:334 annulus fibrosus 319:334 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 10 77 theme alginate-collagen 2036:2052 arg1 scaffolds 2054:2062 alginate-collagen scaffolds 2036:2062 alginate-collagen scaffolds 2036:2062 In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate-collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. 25376622 11 78 theme repair 2339:2344 arg1 strategies 2346:2355 tissue repair strategies 2332:2355 tissue repair strategies 2332:2355 Taken together, these findings illustrate the advantages of incorporating collagen as a means to enhance cell migration and proliferation in porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies. 25376622 3 79 theme annulus 594:600 arg1 tissue 611:616 annulus fibrosus tissue 594:616 annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs 594:652 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 8 80 theme mesenchymal 1728:1738 arg1 cells 1745:1749 bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 1708:1749 bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 1708:1749 In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. 25376622 9 81 theme porous 1797:1802 arg1 scaffolds 1804:1812 alginate-collagen porous scaffolds 1779:1812 alginate-collagen porous scaffolds 1779:1812 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 11 82 used used 2316:2319 arg2 scaffolds 2291:2299 porous scaffolds 2284:2299 porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies 2284:2355 Taken together, these findings illustrate the advantages of incorporating collagen as a means to enhance cell migration and proliferation in porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies. 25376622 7 83 theme fibrosus 1417:1424 arg1 cells 1426:1430 annulus fibrosus cells 1409:1430 annulus fibrosus cells 1409:1430 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 3 84 theme degenerated 621:631 arg1 discs 648:652 degenerated intervertebral discs 621:652 degenerated intervertebral discs 621:652 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 10 85 theme cells 2118:2122 arg1 viability 2075:2083 viability 2075:2083 viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells 2075:2122 In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate-collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. 25376622 2 86 theme inner 269:273 arg1 tissue 275:280 inner tissue 269:280 inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) 269:299 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 2 86 theme inner 269:273 arg1 pulposus 291:298 nucleus pulposus 283:298 nucleus pulposus 283:298 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 4 87 from incorporation 787:799 arg1 scaffolds 823:831 preformed alginate scaffolds 804:831 preformed alginate scaffolds 804:831 In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. 25376622 1 88 theme lumbar 150:155 arg1 disorders 162:170 Lower lumbar disc disorders 144:170 Lower lumbar disc disorders 144:170 Lower lumbar disc disorders pose a significant problem in an aging society with substantial socioeconomic consequences. 25376622 9 89 theme extracellular 1847:1859 arg1 deposition 1868:1877 extracellular matrix deposition 1847:1877 extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I) 1847:1895 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 9 89 theme extracellular 1847:1859 arg1 type 1889:1892 collagen type I 1880:1894 collagen type I 1880:1894 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 7 90 theme alginate-collagen 1380:1396 arg1 scaffolds 1398:1406 alginate-collagen scaffolds 1380:1406 alginate-collagen scaffolds 1380:1406 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 10 91 theme mesenchymal 2101:2111 arg1 cells 2118:2122 transplanted mesenchymal stem cells 2088:2122 transplanted mesenchymal stem cells 2088:2122 In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate-collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. 25376622 0 92 theme ex 93:94 arg1 assessment 101:110 ex vivo assessment 93:110 ex vivo assessment 93:110 Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair. 25376622 11 93 dep cell 2248:2251 arg1 migration 2253:2261 migration 2253:2261 migration 2253:2261 Taken together, these findings illustrate the advantages of incorporating collagen as a means to enhance cell migration and proliferation in porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies. 25376622 9 94 theme collagen 1880:1887 arg1 deposition 1868:1877 extracellular matrix deposition 1847:1877 extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I) 1847:1895 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 9 94 theme collagen 1880:1887 arg1 type 1889:1892 collagen type I 1880:1894 collagen type I 1880:1894 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 4 95 theme work 756:759 arg1 part 743:746 the first part 733:746 the first part of this work 733:759 In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. 25376622 0 96 theme intervertebral 116:129 arg1 repair 136:141 intervertebral disc repair 116:141 intervertebral disc repair 116:141 Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair. 25376622 6 97 theme In vitro 1085:1092 arg1 experiments 1094:1104 In vitro experiments 1085:1104 In vitro experiments 1085:1104 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 2 98 theme debilitating 385:396 arg1 disorders 398:406 such debilitating disorders 380:406 such debilitating disorders 380:406 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 0 99 theme cell 10:13 arg1 migration 15:23 cell migration 10:23 cell migration 10:23 Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair. 25376622 2 100 dep lower 444:448 arg1 pain 455:458 back pain 450:458 lower back pain 444:458 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 5 101 theme fibrosus 942:949 arg1 cells 951:955 annulus fibrosus cells 934:955 annulus fibrosus cells 934:955 We also evaluated the ability of annulus fibrosus cells to attach, migrate, and proliferate on the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds compared to control scaffolds (alginate only). 25376622 4 102 theme first 737:741 arg1 part 743:746 the first part 733:746 the first part of this work 733:759 In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. 25376622 2 103 theme disc 424:427 arg1 herniation 429:438 disc herniation 424:438 disc herniation 424:438 Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. 25376622 0 104 theme alginate-collagen 41:57 arg1 scaffolds 69:77 shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds 28:77 shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds 28:77 Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair. 25376622 5 105 theme alginate-collagen 1010:1026 arg1 scaffolds 1028:1036 the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds 996:1036 the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds 996:1036 We also evaluated the ability of annulus fibrosus cells to attach, migrate, and proliferate on the composite alginate-collagen scaffolds compared to control scaffolds (alginate only). 25376622 7 106 with morphology 1529:1538 arg1 behavior 1555:1562 spreading behavior 1545:1562 spreading behavior 1545:1562 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 3 107 theme discs 648:652 arg1 tissue 611:616 annulus fibrosus tissue 594:616 annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs 594:652 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 4 108 theme preformed 804:812 arg1 scaffolds 823:831 preformed alginate scaffolds 804:831 preformed alginate scaffolds 804:831 In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. 25376622 1 109 with problem 191:197 arg1 consequences 250:261 substantial socioeconomic consequences 224:261 substantial socioeconomic consequences 224:261 Lower lumbar disc disorders pose a significant problem in an aging society with substantial socioeconomic consequences. 25376622 9 110 theme local 1930:1934 arg1 release 1936:1942 the local release 1926:1942 the local release of transforming growth factor-β3 1926:1975 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 6 111 with clusters 1302:1309 arg1 infiltration 1324:1335 limited infiltration 1316:1335 limited infiltration 1316:1335 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 6 111 with clusters 1302:1309 arg1 capacity 1351:1358 migration capacity 1341:1358 migration capacity 1341:1358 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 0 112 dep Enhancing 0:8 arg1 assessment 101:110 ex vivo assessment 93:110 ex vivo assessment 93:110 Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair. 25376622 0 112 dep Enhancing 0:8 arg1 In vitro 80:87 In vitro 80:87 In vitro 80:87 Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair. 25376622 6 113 theme disc-like 1135:1143 arg1 conditions 1164:1173 intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions 1120:1173 intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations) 1120:1217 In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. 25376622 8 114 theme alginate-collagen 1664:1680 arg1 scaffold 1682:1689 alginate-collagen scaffold 1664:1689 alginate-collagen scaffold 1664:1689 In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate-collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. 25376622 1 115 theme socioeconomic 236:248 arg1 consequences 250:261 substantial socioeconomic consequences 224:261 substantial socioeconomic consequences 224:261 Lower lumbar disc disorders pose a significant problem in an aging society with substantial socioeconomic consequences. 25376622 7 116 theme cytoskeleton 1576:1587 arg1 expression 1589:1598 intense cytoskeleton expression 1568:1598 intense cytoskeleton expression 1568:1598 In comparison, for alginate-collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. 25376622 9 117 theme growth 1960:1965 arg1 factor-β3 1967:1975 transforming growth factor-β3 1947:1975 transforming growth factor-β3 1947:1975 In vitro, we observed that alginate-collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. 25376622 3 118 theme minimal 704:710 arg1 surgery 721:727 minimal invasive surgery 704:727 minimal invasive surgery 704:727 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 25376622 3 119 theme composite 510:518 arg1 scaffold 527:534 an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold 489:534 an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties 489:563 In this study, we developed an alginate-collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. 28326684 8 0 theme accelerated 1214:1224 arg1 regeneration 1233:1244 accelerated dermis regeneration 1214:1244 not only local inflammation but also accelerated dermis regeneration 1177:1244 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffold was able to prevent not only local inflammation but also accelerated dermis regeneration. 28326684 4 1 theme full-thickness 727:740 arg1 treatment 757:765 full-thickness burn infection treatment 727:765 full-thickness burn infection treatment 727:765 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 6 2 theme strong 943:948 arg1 activity 964:971 remarkably strong antibacterial activity 932:971 remarkably strong antibacterial activity 932:971 Furthermore, the composite scaffold exhibited remarkably strong antibacterial activity. 28326684 4 3 theme microspheres 627:638 arg1 complexes 602:610 complexes 602:610 complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment 602:765 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 5 4 theme available 819:827 arg1 size 834:837 available pore size 819:837 available pore size 819:837 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 3 5 from bioavailability 385:399 arg1 fluids 418:423 physiological fluids 404:423 physiological fluids 404:423 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 4 6 theme Cur/gelatin 615:625 arg1 GMs 641:643 GMs 641:643 GMs 641:643 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 4 6 theme Cur/gelatin 615:625 arg1 microspheres 627:638 Cur/gelatin microspheres 615:638 Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) 615:644 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 9 7 theme dermal 1322:1327 arg1 scaffolds 1288:1296 Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 1270:1296 Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 1270:1296 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 9 7 theme dermal 1322:1327 arg1 template 1342:1349 an effective dermal regeneration template 1309:1349 an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models 1309:1412 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 6 8 theme antibacterial 950:962 arg1 activity 964:971 remarkably strong antibacterial activity 932:971 remarkably strong antibacterial activity 932:971 Furthermore, the composite scaffold exhibited remarkably strong antibacterial activity. 28326684 7 9 theme antibacterial 1024:1036 arg1 properties 1038:1047 antibacterial properties 1024:1047 antibacterial properties 1024:1047 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 5 10 theme Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs 772:788 arg1 scaffolds 790:798 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 768:798 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 768:798 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 5 11 contain had 800:802 arg1 scaffolds 790:798 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 768:798 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 768:798 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 5 11 contain had 800:802 arg2 porosity 809:816 high porosity 804:816 high porosity 804:816 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 5 11 contain had 800:802 arg2 size 834:837 available pore size 819:837 available pore size 819:837 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 5 11 contain had 800:802 arg2 profile 877:883 a long and sustained Cur release profile 844:883 a long and sustained Cur release profile 844:883 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 7 12 theme full-thickness 1089:1102 arg1 model 1119:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 7 13 theme wound-healing 998:1010 arg1 effects 1012:1018 wound-healing effects 998:1018 wound-healing effects 998:1018 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 2 14 theme anticarcinogenic 295:310 arg1 activity 312:319 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity 245:319 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity 245:319 Curcumin (Cur) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity. 28326684 3 15 theme aqueous 362:368 arg1 solubility 370:379 extremely low aqueous solubility 348:379 extremely low aqueous solubility 348:379 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 3 16 theme burn 531:534 arg1 treatment 546:554 burn infection treatment 531:554 burn infection treatment 531:554 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 8 17 theme Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs 1130:1146 arg1 able 1161:1164 able 1161:1164 able 1161:1164 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffold was able to prevent not only local inflammation but also accelerated dermis regeneration. 28326684 8 17 theme Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs 1130:1146 arg1 scaffold 1148:1155 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffold 1126:1155 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffold 1126:1155 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffold was able to prevent not only local inflammation but also accelerated dermis regeneration. 28326684 5 18 theme release 869:875 arg1 profile 877:883 a long and sustained Cur release profile 844:883 a long and sustained Cur release profile 844:883 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 3 19 theme Cur 465:467 arg1 concentrations 469:482 local Cur concentrations 459:482 local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment 459:554 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 9 20 from healing 1391:1397 arg1 models 1407:1412 rats models 1402:1412 rats models 1402:1412 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 2 21 theme antimicrobial 277:289 arg1 activity 312:319 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity 245:319 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity 245:319 Curcumin (Cur) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity. 28326684 9 22 theme regeneration 1329:1340 arg1 scaffolds 1288:1296 Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 1270:1296 Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 1270:1296 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 9 22 theme regeneration 1329:1340 arg1 template 1342:1349 an effective dermal regeneration template 1309:1349 an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models 1309:1412 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 4 23 theme nanocrystals 683:694 arg1 complexes 602:610 complexes 602:610 complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment 602:765 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 0 24 theme nanocrystal 19:29 arg1 scaffolds 31:39 Collagen-cellulose nanocrystal scaffolds 0:39 Collagen-cellulose nanocrystal scaffolds 0:39 Collagen-cellulose nanocrystal scaffolds containing curcumin-loaded microspheres on infected full-thickness burns repair. 28326684 8 25 theme dermis 1226:1231 arg1 regeneration 1233:1244 accelerated dermis regeneration 1214:1244 not only local inflammation but also accelerated dermis regeneration 1177:1244 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffold was able to prevent not only local inflammation but also accelerated dermis regeneration. 28326684 5 26 theme high 804:807 arg1 porosity 809:816 high porosity 804:816 high porosity 804:816 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 1 27 theme Burn 122:125 arg1 infection 127:135 Burn infection 122:135 Burn infection 122:135 Burn infection is a serious problem that delays wound healing and leads to death. 28326684 1 27 theme Burn 122:125 arg1 problem 150:156 a serious problem 140:156 a serious problem that delays wound healing and leads to death 140:201 Burn infection is a serious problem that delays wound healing and leads to death. 28326684 0 28 theme Collagen-cellulose 0:17 arg1 scaffolds 31:39 Collagen-cellulose nanocrystal scaffolds 0:39 Collagen-cellulose nanocrystal scaffolds 0:39 Collagen-cellulose nanocrystal scaffolds containing curcumin-loaded microspheres on infected full-thickness burns repair. 28326684 3 29 theme local 459:463 arg1 concentrations 469:482 local Cur concentrations 459:482 local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment 459:554 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 9 30 theme Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs 1270:1286 arg1 scaffolds 1288:1296 Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 1270:1296 Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 1270:1296 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 9 30 theme Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs 1270:1286 arg1 template 1342:1349 an effective dermal regeneration template 1309:1349 an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models 1309:1412 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 5 31 theme long 846:849 arg1 profile 877:883 a long and sustained Cur release profile 844:883 a long and sustained Cur release profile 844:883 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 7 32 theme scaffolds 1070:1078 arg1 effects 1012:1018 wound-healing effects 998:1018 wound-healing effects 998:1018 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 7 32 theme scaffolds 1070:1078 arg1 properties 1038:1047 antibacterial properties 1024:1047 antibacterial properties 1024:1047 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 3 33 theme minimum 494:500 arg1 concentration 513:525 the minimum inhibitory concentration 490:525 the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment 490:554 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 3 34 theme physiological 404:416 arg1 fluids 418:423 physiological fluids 404:423 physiological fluids 404:423 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 6 35 theme composite 903:911 arg1 scaffold 913:920 the composite scaffold 899:920 the composite scaffold 899:920 Furthermore, the composite scaffold exhibited remarkably strong antibacterial activity. 28326684 7 36 from properties 1038:1047 arg1 model 1119:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 10 37 dep & 1443:1443 arg1 Sons 1445:1448 Sons 1445:1448 Sons 1445:1448 Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 28326684 3 38 theme inhibitory 502:511 arg1 concentration 513:525 the minimum inhibitory concentration 490:525 the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment 490:554 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 5 39 theme pore 829:832 arg1 size 834:837 available pore size 819:837 available pore size 819:837 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 4 40 theme burn 742:745 arg1 treatment 757:765 full-thickness burn infection treatment 727:765 full-thickness burn infection treatment 727:765 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 8 41 theme local 1186:1190 arg1 inflammation 1192:1203 local inflammation 1186:1203 not only local inflammation but also accelerated dermis regeneration 1177:1244 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffold was able to prevent not only local inflammation but also accelerated dermis regeneration. 28326684 3 42 from solubility 370:379 arg1 fluids 418:423 physiological fluids 404:423 physiological fluids 404:423 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 4 43 theme -cellulose 672:681 arg1 CNCs 697:700 CNCs 697:700 CNCs 697:700 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 4 43 theme -cellulose 672:681 arg1 nanocrystals 683:694 porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals 650:694 porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 650:701 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 0 44 theme curcumin-loaded 52:66 arg1 microspheres 68:79 curcumin-loaded microspheres 52:79 curcumin-loaded microspheres 52:79 Collagen-cellulose nanocrystal scaffolds containing curcumin-loaded microspheres on infected full-thickness burns repair. 28326684 4 45 dep microspheres 627:638 arg1 scaffolds 713:721 composite scaffolds 703:721 composite scaffolds 703:721 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 7 46 theme rat 1085:1087 arg1 model 1119:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 0 47 theme infected 84:91 arg1 repair 114:119 infected full-thickness burns repair 84:119 infected full-thickness burns repair 84:119 Collagen-cellulose nanocrystal scaffolds containing curcumin-loaded microspheres on infected full-thickness burns repair. 28326684 5 48 theme sustained 855:863 arg1 profile 877:883 a long and sustained Cur release profile 844:883 a long and sustained Cur release profile 844:883 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 0 49 theme full-thickness 93:106 arg1 repair 114:119 infected full-thickness burns repair 84:119 infected full-thickness burns repair 84:119 Collagen-cellulose nanocrystal scaffolds containing curcumin-loaded microspheres on infected full-thickness burns repair. 28326684 7 50 theme burn 1104:1107 arg1 model 1119:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 1 51 theme serious 142:148 arg1 infection 127:135 Burn infection 122:135 Burn infection 122:135 Burn infection is a serious problem that delays wound healing and leads to death. 28326684 1 51 theme serious 142:148 arg1 problem 150:156 a serious problem 140:156 a serious problem that delays wound healing and leads to death 140:201 Burn infection is a serious problem that delays wound healing and leads to death. 28326684 9 52 theme rats 1402:1405 arg1 models 1407:1412 rats models 1402:1412 rats models 1402:1412 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 3 53 from instability 335:345 arg1 fluids 418:423 physiological fluids 404:423 physiological fluids 404:423 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 3 54 theme infection 536:544 arg1 treatment 546:554 burn infection treatment 531:554 burn infection treatment 531:554 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 4 55 theme study 579:583 arg1 objective 561:569 The objective 557:569 The objective of this study 557:583 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 4 56 theme infection 747:755 arg1 treatment 757:765 full-thickness burn infection treatment 727:765 full-thickness burn infection treatment 727:765 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 9 57 theme full-thickness 1355:1368 arg1 healing 1391:1397 full-thickness burn wound infection healing 1355:1397 full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models 1355:1412 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 7 58 dep effects 1012:1018 arg1 the 994:996 the 994:996 the 994:996 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 7 59 theme infection 1109:1117 arg1 model 1119:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 9 60 theme burn 1370:1373 arg1 healing 1391:1397 full-thickness burn wound infection healing 1355:1397 full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models 1355:1412 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 2 61 theme anti-inflammatory 258:274 arg1 activity 312:319 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity 245:319 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity 245:319 Curcumin (Cur) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity. 28326684 7 62 theme Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs 1052:1068 arg1 scaffolds 1070:1078 Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 1052:1078 Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 1052:1078 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 7 63 from effects 1012:1018 arg1 model 1119:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 a rat full-thickness burn infection model 1083:1123 Hence, we evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. 28326684 0 64 theme burns 108:112 arg1 repair 114:119 infected full-thickness burns repair 84:119 infected full-thickness burns repair 84:119 Collagen-cellulose nanocrystal scaffolds containing curcumin-loaded microspheres on infected full-thickness burns repair. 28326684 9 65 theme wound 1375:1379 arg1 healing 1391:1397 full-thickness burn wound infection healing 1355:1397 full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models 1355:1412 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 9 66 theme effective 1312:1320 arg1 scaffolds 1288:1296 Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 1270:1296 Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds 1270:1296 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 9 66 theme effective 1312:1320 arg1 template 1342:1349 an effective dermal regeneration template 1309:1349 an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models 1309:1412 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 5 67 theme Cur 865:867 arg1 profile 877:883 a long and sustained Cur release profile 844:883 a long and sustained Cur release profile 844:883 The Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds had high porosity, available pore size, and a long and sustained Cur release profile. 28326684 1 68 theme wound 170:174 arg1 healing 176:182 wound healing 170:182 wound healing 170:182 Burn infection is a serious problem that delays wound healing and leads to death. 28326684 4 69 theme collagen 657:664 arg1 CNCs 697:700 CNCs 697:700 CNCs 697:700 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 4 69 theme collagen 657:664 arg1 nanocrystals 683:694 porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals 650:694 porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 650:701 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 3 70 theme low 358:360 arg1 solubility 370:379 extremely low aqueous solubility 348:379 extremely low aqueous solubility 348:379 However, its instability, extremely low aqueous solubility and bioavailability in physiological fluids may make it difficult to maintain local Cur concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for burn infection treatment. 28326684 9 71 theme infection 1381:1389 arg1 healing 1391:1397 full-thickness burn wound infection healing 1355:1397 full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models 1355:1412 Thus, we conclude that Cur/GMs/Coll-CNCs scaffolds can act as an effective dermal regeneration template for full-thickness burn wound infection healing in rats models. 28326684 2 72 theme antioxidant 245:255 arg1 activity 312:319 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity 245:319 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity 245:319 Curcumin (Cur) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity. 28326684 4 73 theme composite 703:711 arg1 scaffolds 713:721 composite scaffolds 703:721 composite scaffolds 703:721 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 4 74 theme porous 650:655 arg1 Coll 667:670 Coll 667:670 Coll 667:670 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 28326684 4 74 theme porous 650:655 arg1 collagen 657:664 porous collagen 650:664 porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 650:701 The objective of this study was to construct complexes of Cur/gelatin microspheres (GMs) and porous collagen (Coll)-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffolds for full-thickness burn infection treatment. 25292437 4 0 theme ovule 934:938 arg1 canal 921:925 the micropylar canal 906:925 (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule 902:938 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 4 0 theme ovule 934:938 arg1 region 998:1003 the region 994:1003 (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells 990:1056 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 4 0 theme ovule 934:938 arg1 apparatus 958:966 the filiform apparatus 945:966 (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids 941:983 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 8 1 theme fertilization-induced 1466:1486 arg1 changes 1488:1494 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes 1449:1494 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells 1449:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 2 2 theme fertilization 559:571 arg1 stage 527:531 the final stage 517:531 the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization 517:571 In angiosperms, homogalacturonans (HGs) play an important role in the interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil transmitting tract, but little is known about the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization. 25292437 5 3 from changes 1088:1094 arg1 composition 1106:1116 pectin composition 1099:1116 pectin composition of these three regions of the ovule 1099:1152 Fertilization led to further changes in pectin composition of these three regions of the ovule. 25292437 8 4 theme preparation 1674:1684 arg1 context 1621:1627 the context 1617:1627 the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block 1617:1780 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 0 5 theme Spatial 0:6 arg1 localization 21:32 Spatial and temporal localization 0:32 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 0:125 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 25292437 4 6 dep region 998:1003 arg1 3 991:991 3 991:991 3 991:991 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 8 7 from changes 1488:1494 arg1 composition 1503:1513 the composition 1499:1513 the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells 1499:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 3 8 theme esterified 692:701 arg1 localization 629:640 immunocytochemical localization 610:640 immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) 610:736 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 6 9 theme cell 1161:1164 arg1 wall 1166:1169 A new cell wall 1155:1169 A new cell wall 1155:1169 A new cell wall was synthesized around the zygote with a characteristic pattern of localization of all examined HG fractions, which we called "sporoderm-like". 25292437 8 10 theme female 1575:1580 arg1 cells 1594:1598 female gametophyte cells 1575:1598 female gametophyte cells 1575:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 4 11 theme synergids 975:983 arg1 canal 921:925 the micropylar canal 906:925 (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule 902:938 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 4 11 theme synergids 975:983 arg1 region 998:1003 the region 994:1003 (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells 990:1056 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 4 11 theme synergids 975:983 arg1 apparatus 958:966 the filiform apparatus 945:966 (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids 941:983 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 8 12 theme cells 1594:1598 arg1 apoplast 1563:1570 the apoplast 1559:1570 the apoplast of female gametophyte cells 1559:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 12 theme cells 1594:1598 arg1 micropyle 1532:1540 the micropyle 1528:1540 the micropyle of the ovule 1528:1553 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 1 13 theme cell 210:213 arg1 walls 215:219 gametophyte cell walls 198:219 gametophyte cell walls 198:219 The composition of homogalacturonans (HGs) in the ovule and the female gametophyte cell walls was shown to be rearranged dynamically during sexual reproduction of H. orientalis. 25292437 2 14 theme phase 549:553 arg1 stage 527:531 the final stage 517:531 the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization 517:571 In angiosperms, homogalacturonans (HGs) play an important role in the interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil transmitting tract, but little is known about the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization. 25292437 6 15 theme HG 1267:1268 arg1 fractions 1270:1278 all examined HG fractions 1254:1278 all examined HG fractions 1254:1278 A new cell wall was synthesized around the zygote with a characteristic pattern of localization of all examined HG fractions, which we called "sporoderm-like". 25292437 8 16 theme cells 1718:1722 arg1 block 1776:1780 the polyspermy block 1761:1780 (3) the polyspermy block 1757:1780 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 16 theme cells 1718:1722 arg1 preparation 1674:1684 (2) preparation 1670:1684 (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells 1670:1750 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 16 theme cells 1718:1722 arg1 guidance 1660:1667 (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance 1633:1667 (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance 1633:1667 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 3 17 theme female 755:760 arg1 cells 774:778 the ovule and female gametophyte cells 741:778 the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis 741:803 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 8 18 dep block 1776:1780 arg1 3 1758:1758 3 1758:1758 3 1758:1758 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 19 theme cell 1697:1700 arg1 block 1776:1780 the polyspermy block 1761:1780 (3) the polyspermy block 1757:1780 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 19 theme cell 1697:1700 arg1 preparation 1674:1684 (2) preparation 1670:1684 (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells 1670:1750 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 19 theme cell 1697:1700 arg1 guidance 1660:1667 (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance 1633:1667 (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance 1633:1667 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 3 20 theme study 589:593 arg1 aim 578:580 The aim 574:580 The aim of our study 574:593 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 3 21 theme ovule 745:749 arg1 cells 774:778 the ovule and female gametophyte cells 741:778 the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis 741:803 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 5 22 theme regions 1133:1139 arg1 composition 1106:1116 pectin composition 1099:1116 pectin composition of these three regions of the ovule 1099:1152 Fertilization led to further changes in pectin composition of these three regions of the ovule. 25292437 3 23 theme -associated 713:723 arg1 HG 725:726 Ca(2+)-associated HG 707:726 Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) 707:736 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 3 23 theme -associated 713:723 arg1 MAb 733:735 2F4 MAb 729:735 2F4 MAb 729:735 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 8 24 theme sperm 1740:1744 arg1 cells 1746:1750 sperm cells 1740:1750 sperm cells 1740:1750 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 3 25 theme Hyacinthus 783:792 arg1 orientalis 794:803 Hyacinthus orientalis 783:803 Hyacinthus orientalis 783:803 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 8 26 with fusion 1728:1733 arg1 cells 1746:1750 sperm cells 1740:1750 sperm cells 1740:1750 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 0 27 theme ovule 83:87 arg1 cells 89:93 Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells 58:93 Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization 58:124 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 25292437 3 28 dep esterified 692:701 arg1 methyl 685:690 methyl 685:690 methyl 685:690 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 2 29 theme molecules 504:512 arg1 participation 481:493 the participation 477:493 the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization 477:571 In angiosperms, homogalacturonans (HGs) play an important role in the interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil transmitting tract, but little is known about the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization. 25292437 7 30 theme methyl-esterified 1392:1408 arg1 HG 1410:1411 highly methyl-esterified HG 1385:1411 highly methyl-esterified HG 1385:1411 The developing endosperm prepared for cellularization by synthesizing highly methyl-esterified HG, which was stored in the cytoplasm. 25292437 8 31 from composition 1503:1513 arg1 apoplast 1563:1570 the apoplast 1559:1570 the apoplast of female gametophyte cells 1559:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 31 from composition 1503:1513 arg1 micropyle 1532:1540 the micropyle 1528:1540 the micropyle of the ovule 1528:1553 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 4 32 dep apparatus 958:966 arg1 2 942:942 2 942:942 2 942:942 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 2 33 theme transmitting 431:442 arg1 tract 444:448 the pistil transmitting tract 420:448 the pistil transmitting tract 420:448 In angiosperms, homogalacturonans (HGs) play an important role in the interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil transmitting tract, but little is known about the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization. 25292437 1 34 theme H. 290:291 arg1 orientalis 293:302 H. orientalis 290:302 H. orientalis 290:302 The composition of homogalacturonans (HGs) in the ovule and the female gametophyte cell walls was shown to be rearranged dynamically during sexual reproduction of H. orientalis. 25292437 0 35 theme L. 80:81 arg1 cells 89:93 Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells 58:93 Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization 58:124 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 25292437 8 36 from micropyle 1532:1540 arg1 composition 1503:1513 the composition 1499:1513 the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells 1499:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 37 theme polyspermy 1765:1774 arg1 block 1776:1780 the polyspermy block 1761:1780 (3) the polyspermy block 1757:1780 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 1 38 theme sexual 267:272 arg1 reproduction 274:285 sexual reproduction 267:285 sexual reproduction of H. orientalis 267:302 The composition of homogalacturonans (HGs) in the ovule and the female gametophyte cell walls was shown to be rearranged dynamically during sexual reproduction of H. orientalis. 25292437 8 39 theme guidance 1660:1667 arg1 context 1621:1627 the context 1617:1627 the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block 1617:1780 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 0 40 theme temporal 12:19 arg1 localization 21:32 Spatial and temporal localization 0:32 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 0:125 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 25292437 3 41 theme immunocytochemical 610:627 arg1 localization 629:640 immunocytochemical localization 610:640 immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) 610:736 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 1 42 dep ovule 177:181 arg1 walls 215:219 gametophyte cell walls 198:219 gametophyte cell walls 198:219 The composition of homogalacturonans (HGs) in the ovule and the female gametophyte cell walls was shown to be rearranged dynamically during sexual reproduction of H. orientalis. 25292437 6 43 theme localization 1238:1249 arg1 pattern 1227:1233 a characteristic pattern 1210:1233 a characteristic pattern 1210:1233 A new cell wall was synthesized around the zygote with a characteristic pattern of localization of all examined HG fractions, which we called "sporoderm-like". 25292437 1 44 theme orientalis 293:302 arg1 reproduction 274:285 sexual reproduction 267:285 sexual reproduction of H. orientalis 267:302 The composition of homogalacturonans (HGs) in the ovule and the female gametophyte cell walls was shown to be rearranged dynamically during sexual reproduction of H. orientalis. 25292437 0 45 theme orientalis 69:78 arg1 cells 89:93 Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells 58:93 Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization 58:124 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 25292437 8 46 from apoplast 1563:1570 arg1 composition 1503:1513 the composition 1499:1513 the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells 1499:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 2 47 theme important 353:361 arg1 role 363:366 an important role 350:366 an important role 350:366 In angiosperms, homogalacturonans (HGs) play an important role in the interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil transmitting tract, but little is known about the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization. 25292437 8 48 theme HG 1522:1523 arg1 composition 1503:1513 the composition 1499:1513 the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells 1499:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 49 theme egg 1693:1695 arg1 cell 1697:1700 the egg cell 1689:1700 the egg cell 1689:1700 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 50 dep guidance 1660:1667 arg1 1 1634:1634 1 1634:1634 1 1634:1634 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 51 theme pollen 1648:1653 arg1 guidance 1660:1667 (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance 1633:1667 (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance 1633:1667 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 52 dep preparation 1674:1684 arg1 2 1671:1671 2 1671:1671 2 1671:1671 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 4 53 dep canal 921:925 arg1 1 903:903 1 903:903 1 903:903 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 8 54 theme ovule 1549:1553 arg1 apoplast 1563:1570 the apoplast 1559:1570 the apoplast of female gametophyte cells 1559:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 54 theme ovule 1549:1553 arg1 micropyle 1532:1540 the micropyle 1528:1540 the micropyle of the ovule 1528:1553 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 4 55 theme micropylar 910:919 arg1 canal 921:925 the micropylar canal 906:925 (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule 902:938 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 2 56 theme final 521:525 arg1 stage 527:531 the final stage 517:531 the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization 517:571 In angiosperms, homogalacturonans (HGs) play an important role in the interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil transmitting tract, but little is known about the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization. 25292437 8 57 theme central 1710:1716 arg1 cells 1718:1722 the central cells 1706:1722 the central cells for fusion with sperm cells 1706:1750 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 1 58 theme gametophyte 198:208 arg1 walls 215:219 gametophyte cell walls 198:219 gametophyte cell walls 198:219 The composition of homogalacturonans (HGs) in the ovule and the female gametophyte cell walls was shown to be rearranged dynamically during sexual reproduction of H. orientalis. 25292437 6 59 theme new 1157:1159 arg1 wall 1166:1169 A new cell wall 1155:1169 A new cell wall 1155:1169 A new cell wall was synthesized around the zygote with a characteristic pattern of localization of all examined HG fractions, which we called "sporoderm-like". 25292437 4 60 theme sperm 1023:1027 arg1 cells 1029:1033 sperm cells 1023:1033 sperm cells 1023:1033 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 8 61 theme gametophyte 1582:1592 arg1 cells 1594:1598 female gametophyte cells 1575:1598 female gametophyte cells 1575:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 2 62 theme progamic 540:547 arg1 phase 549:553 the progamic phase 536:553 the progamic phase 536:553 In angiosperms, homogalacturonans (HGs) play an important role in the interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil transmitting tract, but little is known about the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization. 25292437 3 63 theme gametophyte 762:772 arg1 cells 774:778 the ovule and female gametophyte cells 741:778 the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis 741:803 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 3 64 theme 2F4 729:731 arg1 HG 725:726 Ca(2+)-associated HG 707:726 Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) 707:736 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 3 64 theme 2F4 729:731 arg1 MAb 733:735 2F4 MAb 729:735 2F4 MAb 729:735 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 6 65 theme characteristic 1212:1225 arg1 pattern 1227:1233 a characteristic pattern 1210:1233 a characteristic pattern 1210:1233 A new cell wall was synthesized around the zygote with a characteristic pattern of localization of all examined HG fractions, which we called "sporoderm-like". 25292437 1 66 theme homogalacturonans 146:162 arg1 composition 131:141 The composition 127:141 The composition of homogalacturonans (HGs) in the ovule and the female gametophyte cell walls 127:219 The composition of homogalacturonans (HGs) in the ovule and the female gametophyte cell walls was shown to be rearranged dynamically during sexual reproduction of H. orientalis. 25292437 0 67 from localization 21:32 arg1 cells 89:93 Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells 58:93 Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization 58:124 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 25292437 4 68 theme fusion 1008:1013 arg1 canal 921:925 the micropylar canal 906:925 (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule 902:938 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 4 68 theme fusion 1008:1013 arg1 region 998:1003 the region 994:1003 (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells 990:1056 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 4 68 theme fusion 1008:1013 arg1 apparatus 958:966 the filiform apparatus 945:966 (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids 941:983 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 3 69 theme HG 725:726 arg1 localization 629:640 immunocytochemical localization 610:640 immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) 610:736 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 3 70 theme orientalis 794:803 arg1 cells 774:778 the ovule and female gametophyte cells 741:778 the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis 741:803 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 4 71 theme HG 896:897 arg1 rearrangement 879:891 the rearrangement 875:891 the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells 875:1056 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 5 72 theme pectin 1099:1104 arg1 composition 1106:1116 pectin composition 1099:1116 pectin composition of these three regions of the ovule 1099:1152 Fertilization led to further changes in pectin composition of these three regions of the ovule. 25292437 4 73 theme target 1045:1050 arg1 cells 1052:1056 their target cells 1039:1056 their target cells 1039:1056 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 8 74 theme block 1776:1780 arg1 context 1621:1627 the context 1617:1627 the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block 1617:1780 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 75 theme micropylar 1637:1646 arg1 guidance 1660:1667 (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance 1633:1667 (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance 1633:1667 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 2 76 theme pistil 424:429 arg1 tract 444:448 the pistil transmitting tract 420:448 the pistil transmitting tract 420:448 In angiosperms, homogalacturonans (HGs) play an important role in the interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil transmitting tract, but little is known about the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization. 25292437 6 77 theme examined 1258:1265 arg1 fractions 1270:1278 all examined HG fractions 1254:1278 all examined HG fractions 1254:1278 A new cell wall was synthesized around the zygote with a characteristic pattern of localization of all examined HG fractions, which we called "sporoderm-like". 25292437 8 78 theme tube 1655:1658 arg1 guidance 1660:1667 (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance 1633:1667 (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance 1633:1667 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 79 from HG 1522:1523 arg1 apoplast 1563:1570 the apoplast 1559:1570 the apoplast of female gametophyte cells 1559:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 8 79 from HG 1522:1523 arg1 micropyle 1532:1540 the micropyle 1528:1540 the micropyle of the ovule 1528:1553 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 5 80 theme ovule 1148:1152 arg1 regions 1133:1139 these three regions 1121:1139 these three regions of the ovule 1121:1152 Fertilization led to further changes in pectin composition of these three regions of the ovule. 25292437 2 81 theme male 399:402 arg1 gametophyte 404:414 the male gametophyte 395:414 the male gametophyte 395:414 In angiosperms, homogalacturonans (HGs) play an important role in the interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil transmitting tract, but little is known about the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization. 25292437 0 82 theme homogalacturonans 37:53 arg1 localization 21:32 Spatial and temporal localization 0:32 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 0:125 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 25292437 3 83 dep and 663:665 arg1 MAb 658:660 JIM7 MAb 653:660 JIM7 MAb 653:660 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 3 83 dep and 663:665 arg1 MAb 680:682 JIM5 MAb 675:682 JIM5 MAb 675:682 The aim of our study was to perform immunocytochemical localization of highly (JIM7 MAb) and weakly (JIM5 MAb) methyl esterified and Ca(2+)-associated HG (2F4 MAb) in the ovule and female gametophyte cells of Hyacinthus orientalis before and after fertilization. 25292437 2 84 from stage 527:531 arg1 participation 481:493 the participation 477:493 the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization 477:571 In angiosperms, homogalacturonans (HGs) play an important role in the interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil transmitting tract, but little is known about the participation of these molecules at the final stage of the progamic phase and fertilization. 25292437 0 85 theme Hyacinthus 58:67 arg1 cells 89:93 Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells 58:93 Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization 58:124 Spatial and temporal localization of homogalacturonans in Hyacinthus orientalis L. ovule cells before and after fertilization. 25292437 1 86 from composition 131:141 arg1 ovule 177:181 ovule 177:181 ovule 177:181 The composition of homogalacturonans (HGs) in the ovule and the female gametophyte cell walls was shown to be rearranged dynamically during sexual reproduction of H. orientalis. 25292437 1 86 from composition 131:141 arg1 female 191:196 female 191:196 female 191:196 The composition of homogalacturonans (HGs) in the ovule and the female gametophyte cell walls was shown to be rearranged dynamically during sexual reproduction of H. orientalis. 25292437 6 87 theme sporoderm-like 1298:1311 arg1 " 1312:1312 "sporoderm-like" 1297:1312 "sporoderm-like" 1297:1312 A new cell wall was synthesized around the zygote with a characteristic pattern of localization of all examined HG fractions, which we called "sporoderm-like". 25292437 7 88 theme developing 1319:1328 arg1 endosperm 1330:1338 The developing endosperm 1315:1338 The developing endosperm 1315:1338 The developing endosperm prepared for cellularization by synthesizing highly methyl-esterified HG, which was stored in the cytoplasm. 25292437 4 89 theme filiform 949:956 arg1 apparatus 958:966 the filiform apparatus 945:966 (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids 941:983 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 8 90 theme Pollination- 1449:1460 arg1 changes 1488:1494 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes 1449:1494 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells 1449:1598 Pollination- and fertilization-induced changes in the composition of the HG in the micropyle of the ovule and the apoplast of female gametophyte cells are discussed in the context of: (1) micropylar pollen tube guidance, (2) preparation of the egg cell and the central cells for fusion with sperm cells, and (3) the polyspermy block. 25292437 4 91 from rearrangement 879:891 arg1 canal 921:925 the micropylar canal 906:925 (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule 902:938 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 4 91 from rearrangement 879:891 arg1 region 998:1003 the region 994:1003 (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells 990:1056 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 4 91 from rearrangement 879:891 arg1 apparatus 958:966 the filiform apparatus 945:966 (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids 941:983 It was found that pollination induced the rearrangement of HG in (1) the micropylar canal of the ovule, (2) the filiform apparatus of the synergids, and (3) the region of fusion between sperm cells and their target cells. 25292437 6 92 theme fractions 1270:1278 arg1 localization 1238:1249 localization 1238:1249 localization of all examined HG fractions 1238:1278 A new cell wall was synthesized around the zygote with a characteristic pattern of localization of all examined HG fractions, which we called "sporoderm-like". 25292437 5 93 theme further 1080:1086 arg1 changes 1088:1094 further changes 1080:1094 further changes in pectin composition of these three regions of the ovule 1080:1152 Fertilization led to further changes in pectin composition of these three regions of the ovule. 28422452 0 0 theme chitosan 71:78 arg1 beads 80:84 chitosan beads 71:84 chitosan beads 71:84 Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-naproxen using immobilized lipase on chitosan beads. 28422452 5 1 theme phases 748:753 arg1 3:2 770:772 3:2 770:772 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase 770:806 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases was defined as 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase. 28422452 5 1 theme phases 748:753 arg1 ratio 735:739 The optimum volumetric ratio 712:739 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases 712:753 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases was defined as 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase. 28422452 9 2 theme 2-ethoxyethanol 1276:1290 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 a volumetric ratio 1254:1271 a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 1254:1314 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 were 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v), respectively. 28422452 1 3 theme ester 156:160 arg1 hydrolysis 118:127 enantioselective hydrolysis 101:127 enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester 101:160 S-naproxen by enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester was produced using immobilized lipase. 28422452 4 4 from effect 674:679 arg1 solvents 570:577 different organic solvents 552:577 different organic solvents 552:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 5 from effects 503:509 arg1 solvents 570:577 different organic solvents 552:577 different organic solvents 552:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 8 6 from 35 °C 1077:1081 arg1 phase 1136:1140 the organic phase 1124:1140 the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant 1124:1206 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 4 7 theme organic 562:568 arg1 solvents 570:577 different organic solvents 552:577 different organic solvents 552:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 8 from addition 580:587 arg1 solvents 570:577 different organic solvents 552:577 different organic solvents 552:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 10 9 dep conversion 1366:1375 arg1 The 1357:1359 The 1357:1359 The 1357:1359 The best conversion and enantioselectivity of immobilized enzyme using chitosan beads activated by glutaraldehyde were 0.45 and 185, respectively. 28422452 5 10 theme optimum 716:722 arg1 3:2 770:772 3:2 770:772 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase 770:806 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases was defined as 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase. 28422452 5 10 theme optimum 716:722 arg1 ratio 735:739 The optimum volumetric ratio 712:739 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases 712:753 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases was defined as 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase. 28422452 9 11 theme volumetric 1256:1265 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 a volumetric ratio 1254:1271 a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 1254:1314 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 were 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v), respectively. 28422452 10 12 theme best 1361:1364 arg1 conversion 1366:1375 conversion 1366:1375 conversion 1366:1375 The best conversion and enantioselectivity of immobilized enzyme using chitosan beads activated by glutaraldehyde were 0.45 and 185, respectively. 28422452 8 13 theme organic 1128:1134 arg1 phase 1136:1140 the organic phase 1124:1140 the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant 1124:1206 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 4 14 from solvents 570:577 arg1 effect 674:679 inhibitory effect 663:679 inhibitory effect of methanol 663:691 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 14 from solvents 570:577 arg1 addition 580:587 addition 580:587 addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability 580:656 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 14 from solvents 570:577 arg1 effects 503:509 effects 503:509 effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents 503:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 15 from ratio 529:533 arg1 solvents 570:577 different organic solvents 552:577 different organic solvents 552:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 3 16 theme appropriate 338:348 arg1 support 350:356 an appropriate support 335:356 an appropriate support for the hydrolysis reaction of racemic naproxen methyl ester 335:417 In order to find an appropriate support for the hydrolysis reaction of racemic naproxen methyl ester, the conversion and enantioselectivity for all carriers were compared. 28422452 10 17 theme enzyme 1415:1420 arg1 enantioselectivity 1381:1398 enantioselectivity 1381:1398 enantioselectivity 1381:1398 The best conversion and enantioselectivity of immobilized enzyme using chitosan beads activated by glutaraldehyde were 0.45 and 185, respectively. 28422452 10 17 theme enzyme 1415:1420 arg1 conversion 1366:1375 conversion 1366:1375 conversion 1366:1375 The best conversion and enantioselectivity of immobilized enzyme using chitosan beads activated by glutaraldehyde were 0.45 and 185, respectively. 28422452 10 18 theme chitosan 1428:1435 arg1 beads 1437:1441 chitosan beads 1428:1441 chitosan beads activated by glutaraldehyde 1428:1469 The best conversion and enantioselectivity of immobilized enzyme using chitosan beads activated by glutaraldehyde were 0.45 and 185, respectively. 28422452 5 19 theme phase 785:789 arg1 3:2 770:772 3:2 770:772 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase 770:806 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases was defined as 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase. 28422452 5 19 theme phase 785:789 arg1 ratio 735:739 The optimum volumetric ratio 712:739 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases 712:753 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases was defined as 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase. 28422452 5 20 theme volumetric 724:733 arg1 3:2 770:772 3:2 770:772 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase 770:806 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases was defined as 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase. 28422452 5 20 theme volumetric 724:733 arg1 ratio 735:739 The optimum volumetric ratio 712:739 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases 712:753 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases was defined as 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase. 28422452 5 21 theme aqueous 777:783 arg1 phase 785:789 aqueous phase 777:789 aqueous phase 777:789 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases was defined as 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase. 28422452 7 22 from cosolvent 967:975 arg1 phase 992:996 the organic phase 980:996 the organic phase of the reaction mixture 980:1020 Finally, isooctane was chosen as an organic solvent, while 2-ethoxyethanol was added as a cosolvent in the organic phase of the reaction mixture. 28422452 8 23 theme optimum 1027:1033 arg1 35 °C 1077:1081 35 °C 1077:1081 35 °C 1077:1081 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 8 23 theme optimum 1027:1033 arg1 conditions 1044:1053 The optimum reaction conditions 1023:1053 The optimum reaction conditions 1023:1053 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 7 24 theme organic 913:919 arg1 isooctane 886:894 isooctane 886:894 isooctane 886:894 Finally, isooctane was chosen as an organic solvent, while 2-ethoxyethanol was added as a cosolvent in the organic phase of the reaction mixture. 28422452 7 24 theme organic 913:919 arg1 solvent 921:927 an organic solvent 910:927 an organic solvent 910:927 Finally, isooctane was chosen as an organic solvent, while 2-ethoxyethanol was added as a cosolvent in the organic phase of the reaction mixture. 28422452 1 25 theme immobilized 181:191 arg1 lipase 193:198 immobilized lipase 181:198 immobilized lipase 181:198 S-naproxen by enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester was produced using immobilized lipase. 28422452 0 26 theme Enantioselective 0:15 arg1 synthesis 17:25 Enantioselective synthesis 0:25 Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-naproxen 0:41 Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-naproxen using immobilized lipase on chitosan beads. 28422452 4 27 theme phases 542:547 arg1 ratio 529:533 the volumetric ratio 514:533 the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents 514:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 9 28 theme organic 1221:1227 arg1 % 1332:1332 3:7 and 0.1% 1321:1332 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v) 1321:1340 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 were 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v), respectively. 28422452 9 28 theme organic 1221:1227 arg1 compositions 1235:1246 The optimum organic phase compositions 1209:1246 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 1209:1314 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 were 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v), respectively. 28422452 8 29 theme 24 h. 1094:1098 arg1 Addition 1100:1107 24 h. Addition 1094:1107 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 1094:1119 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 0 30 theme -naproxen 33:41 arg1 synthesis 17:25 Enantioselective synthesis 0:25 Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-naproxen 0:41 Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-naproxen using immobilized lipase on chitosan beads. 28422452 9 31 theme isooctane 1293:1301 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 a volumetric ratio 1254:1271 a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 1254:1314 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 were 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v), respectively. 28422452 2 32 theme Amberlite 302:310 arg1 XAD7 312:315 Amberlite XAD7 302:315 Amberlite XAD7 302:315 The lipase enzyme was immobilized on chitosan beads, activated chitosan beads by glutaraldehyde, and Amberlite XAD7. 28422452 2 33 dep immobilized 223:233 arg1 activated 254:262 activated 254:262 activated chitosan beads by glutaraldehyde, and Amberlite XAD7 254:315 The lipase enzyme was immobilized on chitosan beads, activated chitosan beads by glutaraldehyde, and Amberlite XAD7. 28422452 3 34 theme hydrolysis 366:375 arg1 reaction 377:384 the hydrolysis reaction 362:384 the hydrolysis reaction of racemic naproxen methyl ester 362:417 In order to find an appropriate support for the hydrolysis reaction of racemic naproxen methyl ester, the conversion and enantioselectivity for all carriers were compared. 28422452 4 35 theme different 552:560 arg1 solvents 570:577 different organic solvents 552:577 different organic solvents 552:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 8 36 theme reaction 1035:1042 arg1 35 °C 1077:1081 35 °C 1077:1081 35 °C 1077:1081 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 8 36 theme reaction 1035:1042 arg1 conditions 1044:1053 The optimum reaction conditions 1023:1053 The optimum reaction conditions 1023:1053 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 6 37 theme immiscible 842:851 arg1 solvents 853:860 water immiscible solvents 836:860 water immiscible solvents 836:860 Various water miscible and water immiscible solvents were examined. 28422452 4 38 theme inhibitory 663:672 arg1 effect 674:679 inhibitory effect 663:679 inhibitory effect of methanol 663:691 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 3 39 theme methyl 406:411 arg1 ester 413:417 racemic naproxen methyl ester 389:417 racemic naproxen methyl ester 389:417 In order to find an appropriate support for the hydrolysis reaction of racemic naproxen methyl ester, the conversion and enantioselectivity for all carriers were compared. 28422452 9 40 theme Tween-80 1307:1314 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 a volumetric ratio 1254:1271 a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 1254:1314 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 were 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v), respectively. 28422452 7 41 theme mixture 1014:1020 arg1 phase 992:996 the organic phase 980:996 the organic phase of the reaction mixture 980:1020 Finally, isooctane was chosen as an organic solvent, while 2-ethoxyethanol was added as a cosolvent in the organic phase of the reaction mixture. 28422452 6 42 theme water 836:840 arg1 solvents 853:860 water immiscible solvents 836:860 water immiscible solvents 836:860 Various water miscible and water immiscible solvents were examined. 28422452 2 43 theme chitosan 238:245 arg1 beads 247:251 chitosan beads 238:251 chitosan beads 238:251 The lipase enzyme was immobilized on chitosan beads, activated chitosan beads by glutaraldehyde, and Amberlite XAD7. 28422452 3 44 theme ester 413:417 arg1 reaction 377:384 the hydrolysis reaction 362:384 the hydrolysis reaction of racemic naproxen methyl ester 362:417 In order to find an appropriate support for the hydrolysis reaction of racemic naproxen methyl ester, the conversion and enantioselectivity for all carriers were compared. 28422452 4 45 theme volumetric 518:527 arg1 ratio 529:533 the volumetric ratio 514:533 the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents 514:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 0 46 theme S 31:31 arg1 -naproxen 33:41 (S)-naproxen 30:41 (S)-naproxen 30:41 Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-naproxen using immobilized lipase on chitosan beads. 28422452 0 47 from lipase 61:66 arg1 beads 80:84 chitosan beads 71:84 chitosan beads 71:84 Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-naproxen using immobilized lipase on chitosan beads. 28422452 8 48 theme Tween-80 1112:1119 arg1 pH 7 1084:1087 pH 7 1084:1087 pH 7 1084:1087 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 8 48 theme Tween-80 1112:1119 arg1 35 °C 1077:1081 35 °C 1077:1081 35 °C 1077:1081 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 8 48 theme Tween-80 1112:1119 arg1 conditions 1044:1053 The optimum reaction conditions 1023:1053 The optimum reaction conditions 1023:1053 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 8 48 theme Tween-80 1112:1119 arg1 Addition 1100:1107 24 h. Addition 1094:1107 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 1094:1119 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 3 49 theme racemic 389:395 arg1 ester 413:417 racemic naproxen methyl ester 389:417 racemic naproxen methyl ester 389:417 In order to find an appropriate support for the hydrolysis reaction of racemic naproxen methyl ester, the conversion and enantioselectivity for all carriers were compared. 28422452 10 50 theme immobilized 1403:1413 arg1 enzyme 1415:1420 immobilized enzyme 1403:1420 immobilized enzyme 1403:1420 The best conversion and enantioselectivity of immobilized enzyme using chitosan beads activated by glutaraldehyde were 0.45 and 185, respectively. 28422452 8 51 from pH 7 1084:1087 arg1 phase 1136:1140 the organic phase 1124:1140 the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant 1124:1206 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 3 52 dep conversion 424:433 arg1 the 420:422 the 420:422 the 420:422 In order to find an appropriate support for the hydrolysis reaction of racemic naproxen methyl ester, the conversion and enantioselectivity for all carriers were compared. 28422452 7 53 theme organic 984:990 arg1 phase 992:996 the organic phase 980:996 the organic phase of the reaction mixture 980:1020 Finally, isooctane was chosen as an organic solvent, while 2-ethoxyethanol was added as a cosolvent in the organic phase of the reaction mixture. 28422452 1 54 theme enantioselective 101:116 arg1 hydrolysis 118:127 enantioselective hydrolysis 101:127 enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester 101:160 S-naproxen by enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester was produced using immobilized lipase. 28422452 3 55 theme naproxen 397:404 arg1 ester 413:417 racemic naproxen methyl ester 389:417 racemic naproxen methyl ester 389:417 In order to find an appropriate support for the hydrolysis reaction of racemic naproxen methyl ester, the conversion and enantioselectivity for all carriers were compared. 28422452 7 56 theme reaction 1005:1012 arg1 mixture 1014:1020 the reaction mixture 1001:1020 the reaction mixture 1001:1020 Finally, isooctane was chosen as an organic solvent, while 2-ethoxyethanol was added as a cosolvent in the organic phase of the reaction mixture. 28422452 6 57 theme water 817:821 arg1 miscible 823:830 Various water miscible 809:830 Various water miscible 809:830 Various water miscible and water immiscible solvents were examined. 28422452 6 58 theme Various 809:815 arg1 miscible 823:830 Various water miscible 809:830 Various water miscible 809:830 Various water miscible and water immiscible solvents were examined. 28422452 4 59 theme methanol 684:691 arg1 effect 674:679 inhibitory effect 663:679 inhibitory effect of methanol 663:691 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 59 theme methanol 684:691 arg1 addition 580:587 addition 580:587 addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability 580:656 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 59 theme methanol 684:691 arg1 effects 503:509 effects 503:509 effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents 503:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 60 theme ratio 529:533 arg1 effect 674:679 inhibitory effect 663:679 inhibitory effect of methanol 663:691 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 60 theme ratio 529:533 arg1 addition 580:587 addition 580:587 addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability 580:656 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 60 theme ratio 529:533 arg1 effects 503:509 effects 503:509 effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents 503:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 2 61 theme lipase 205:210 arg1 enzyme 212:217 The lipase enzyme 201:217 The lipase enzyme 201:217 The lipase enzyme was immobilized on chitosan beads, activated chitosan beads by glutaraldehyde, and Amberlite XAD7. 28422452 2 62 theme chitosan 264:271 arg1 beads 273:277 chitosan beads 264:277 chitosan beads 264:277 The lipase enzyme was immobilized on chitosan beads, activated chitosan beads by glutaraldehyde, and Amberlite XAD7. 28422452 4 63 theme cosolvent 592:600 arg1 effect 674:679 inhibitory effect 663:679 inhibitory effect of methanol 663:691 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 63 theme cosolvent 592:600 arg1 addition 580:587 addition 580:587 addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability 580:656 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 63 theme cosolvent 592:600 arg1 effects 503:509 effects 503:509 effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents 503:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 9 64 theme optimum 1213:1219 arg1 % 1332:1332 3:7 and 0.1% 1321:1332 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v) 1321:1340 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 were 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v), respectively. 28422452 9 64 theme optimum 1213:1219 arg1 compositions 1235:1246 The optimum organic phase compositions 1209:1246 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 1209:1314 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 were 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v), respectively. 28422452 1 65 theme racemic 132:138 arg1 ester 156:160 racemic naproxen methyl ester 132:160 racemic naproxen methyl ester 132:160 S-naproxen by enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester was produced using immobilized lipase. 28422452 8 66 theme immobilized 1173:1183 arg1 enzyme 1185:1190 immobilized enzyme 1173:1190 immobilized enzyme 1173:1190 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 8 67 from Addition 1100:1107 arg1 phase 1136:1140 the organic phase 1124:1140 the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant 1124:1206 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 4 68 theme optimum 618:624 arg1 pH 626:627 optimum pH 618:627 optimum pH 618:627 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 68 theme optimum 618:624 arg1 cosolvent 592:600 cosolvent 592:600 cosolvent 592:600 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 1 69 theme naproxen 140:147 arg1 ester 156:160 racemic naproxen methyl ester 132:160 racemic naproxen methyl ester 132:160 S-naproxen by enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester was produced using immobilized lipase. 28422452 8 70 theme enzyme 1185:1190 arg1 accessibility 1156:1168 the accessibility 1152:1168 the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant 1152:1206 The optimum reaction conditions were determined to be 35 °C, pH 7, and 24 h. Addition of Tween-80 in the organic phase increased the accessibility of immobilized enzyme to the reactant. 28422452 4 71 theme surfactant 606:615 arg1 effect 674:679 inhibitory effect 663:679 inhibitory effect of methanol 663:691 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 71 theme surfactant 606:615 arg1 addition 580:587 addition 580:587 addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability 580:656 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 4 71 theme surfactant 606:615 arg1 effects 503:509 effects 503:509 effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents 503:577 In addition, effects of the volumetric ratio of two phases in different organic solvents, addition of cosolvent and surfactant, optimum pH and temperature, reusability, and inhibitory effect of methanol were investigated. 28422452 0 72 theme immobilized 49:59 arg1 lipase 61:66 immobilized lipase 49:66 immobilized lipase on chitosan beads 49:84 Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-naproxen using immobilized lipase on chitosan beads. 28422452 9 73 theme phase 1229:1233 arg1 % 1332:1332 3:7 and 0.1% 1321:1332 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v) 1321:1340 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 were 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v), respectively. 28422452 9 73 theme phase 1229:1233 arg1 compositions 1235:1246 The optimum organic phase compositions 1209:1246 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 1209:1314 The optimum organic phase compositions using a volumetric ratio of 2-ethoxyethanol, isooctane and Tween-80 were 3:7 and 0.1% (v/v/v), respectively. 28422452 5 74 theme organic 794:800 arg1 phase 802:806 organic phase 794:806 organic phase 794:806 The optimum volumetric ratio of two phases was defined as 3:2 of aqueous phase to organic phase. 28422452 1 75 theme methyl 149:154 arg1 ester 156:160 racemic naproxen methyl ester 132:160 racemic naproxen methyl ester 132:160 S-naproxen by enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester was produced using immobilized lipase. 26826568 0 0 theme in-mouth 75:82 arg1 retention 84:92 in-mouth retention 75:92 in-mouth retention 75:92 Oil-based compositions as saliva substitutes: A pilot study to investigate in-mouth retention. 26826568 1 1 theme w/v 281:283 arg1 polymer 313:319 polymer 313:319 polymer 313:319 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 1 1 theme w/v 281:283 arg1 suspension 301:310 a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension 276:310 a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) 276:320 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 1 2 theme in-mouth 144:151 arg1 retention 153:161 the in-mouth retention 140:161 the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers 140:342 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 3 3 theme formulation 626:636 arg1 amount 611:616 amount 611:616 amount of each formulation remaining in the mouth 611:659 Concentration of lithium expectorated was measured and amount of each formulation remaining in the mouth was estimated. 26826568 3 3 theme formulation 626:636 arg1 formulation 626:636 each formulation 621:636 each formulation remaining in the mouth 621:659 Concentration of lithium expectorated was measured and amount of each formulation remaining in the mouth was estimated. 26826568 1 4 theme methylcellulose 285:299 arg1 polymer 313:319 polymer 313:319 polymer 313:319 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 1 4 theme methylcellulose 285:299 arg1 suspension 301:310 a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension 276:310 a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) 276:320 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 2 5 theme assigned 464:471 arg1 formulation 473:483 one randomly assigned formulation 451:483 one randomly assigned formulation (emulsion, polymer or water) for 30s 451:520 METHODS Each formulation was tagged with 1 mmol/L lithium and participants (n=30) rinsed their mouth with one randomly assigned formulation (emulsion, polymer or water) for 30s, before expectorating into a cup. 26826568 1 6 from retention 153:161 arg1 volunteers 333:342 healthy volunteers 325:342 healthy volunteers 325:342 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 6 7 theme 8.34 1086:1089 arg1 difference 1072:1081 a difference 1070:1081 a difference of 8.34 ± 2.71% (p=0.003) and 4.57 ± 2.71% (p=0.06) compared with the water and polymer groups, respectively 1070:1190 Mean retention was highest in the emulsion group, with a difference of 8.34 ± 2.71% (p=0.003) and 4.57 ± 2.71% (p=0.06) compared with the water and polymer groups, respectively. 26826568 7 8 theme emulsion 1248:1255 arg1 samples 1257:1263 all expectorated emulsion samples 1231:1263 all expectorated emulsion samples 1231:1263 FTIR confirmed the presence of oil in all expectorated emulsion samples. 26826568 1 9 theme soy 237:239 arg1 lecithin 241:248 soy lecithin 237:248 soy lecithin 237:248 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 2 10 dep formulation 473:483 arg1 emulsion 486:493 emulsion 486:493 emulsion 486:493 METHODS Each formulation was tagged with 1 mmol/L lithium and participants (n=30) rinsed their mouth with one randomly assigned formulation (emulsion, polymer or water) for 30s, before expectorating into a cup. 26826568 2 10 dep formulation 473:483 arg1 water 507:511 water 507:511 water 507:511 METHODS Each formulation was tagged with 1 mmol/L lithium and participants (n=30) rinsed their mouth with one randomly assigned formulation (emulsion, polymer or water) for 30s, before expectorating into a cup. 26826568 2 10 dep formulation 473:483 arg1 polymer 496:502 polymer 496:502 polymer 496:502 METHODS Each formulation was tagged with 1 mmol/L lithium and participants (n=30) rinsed their mouth with one randomly assigned formulation (emulsion, polymer or water) for 30s, before expectorating into a cup. 26826568 9 11 theme longer 1428:1433 arg1 periods 1440:1446 longer time periods 1428:1446 longer time periods 1428:1446 The next step is to conduct larger clinical studies over longer time periods in participants with salivary hypofunction. 26826568 8 12 from terms 1325:1329 arg1 emulsion 1281:1288 The emulsion 1277:1288 The emulsion 1277:1288 CONCLUSION The emulsion was not inferior to the polymer in terms of retention immediately after rinsing. 26826568 8 12 from terms 1325:1329 arg1 inferior 1298:1305 inferior 1298:1305 inferior 1298:1305 CONCLUSION The emulsion was not inferior to the polymer in terms of retention immediately after rinsing. 26826568 9 13 theme next 1375:1378 arg1 step 1380:1383 The next step 1371:1383 The next step 1371:1383 The next step is to conduct larger clinical studies over longer time periods in participants with salivary hypofunction. 26826568 7 14 from presence 1212:1219 arg1 samples 1257:1263 all expectorated emulsion samples 1231:1263 all expectorated emulsion samples 1231:1263 FTIR confirmed the presence of oil in all expectorated emulsion samples. 26826568 5 15 dep RESULTS 855:861 arg1 rated 900:904 rated 900:904 rated lower in the emulsion group compared to the polymer or water groups (p>0.05) 900:981 RESULTS Immediately after rinsing, taste was rated lower in the emulsion group compared to the polymer or water groups (p>0.05), although variability was high. 26826568 4 16 theme Fourier-Transform 741:757 arg1 spectroscopy 768:779 Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy 741:779 Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 741:786 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 4 16 theme Fourier-Transform 741:757 arg1 FTIR 782:785 FTIR 782:785 FTIR 782:785 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 2 17 theme mmol/L 388:393 arg1 lithium 395:401 1 mmol/L lithium 386:401 1 mmol/L lithium 386:401 METHODS Each formulation was tagged with 1 mmol/L lithium and participants (n=30) rinsed their mouth with one randomly assigned formulation (emulsion, polymer or water) for 30s, before expectorating into a cup. 26826568 5 18 theme polymer 950:956 arg1 p>0.05 975:980 p>0.05 975:980 p>0.05 975:980 RESULTS Immediately after rinsing, taste was rated lower in the emulsion group compared to the polymer or water groups (p>0.05), although variability was high. 26826568 5 18 theme polymer 950:956 arg1 groups 967:972 the polymer or water groups 946:972 groups 967:972 RESULTS Immediately after rinsing, taste was rated lower in the emulsion group compared to the polymer or water groups (p>0.05), although variability was high. 26826568 9 19 theme larger 1399:1404 arg1 studies 1415:1421 larger clinical studies 1399:1421 larger clinical studies 1399:1421 The next step is to conduct larger clinical studies over longer time periods in participants with salivary hypofunction. 26826568 9 20 theme clinical 1406:1413 arg1 studies 1415:1421 larger clinical studies 1399:1421 larger clinical studies 1399:1421 The next step is to conduct larger clinical studies over longer time periods in participants with salivary hypofunction. 26826568 4 21 theme oil 826:828 arg1 presence 814:821 the presence 810:821 the presence of oil in expectorated samples 810:852 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 1 22 theme oil-based 169:177 arg1 saliva 179:184 an oil-based saliva substitute 166:195 an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) 166:320 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 0 23 theme Oil-based 0:8 arg1 compositions 10:21 Oil-based compositions 0:21 Oil-based compositions as saliva substitutes: A pilot study to investigate in-mouth retention. 0:93 Oil-based compositions as saliva substitutes: A pilot study to investigate in-mouth retention. 26826568 6 24 theme ± 1118:1118 arg1 % 1124:1124 4.57 ± 2.71% 1113:1124 4.57 ± 2.71% (p=0.06) compared with the water and polymer groups 1113:1176 Mean retention was highest in the emulsion group, with a difference of 8.34 ± 2.71% (p=0.003) and 4.57 ± 2.71% (p=0.06) compared with the water and polymer groups, respectively. 26826568 6 24 theme ± 1118:1118 arg1 p=0.06 1127:1132 p=0.06 1127:1132 p=0.06 1127:1132 Mean retention was highest in the emulsion group, with a difference of 8.34 ± 2.71% (p=0.003) and 4.57 ± 2.71% (p=0.06) compared with the water and polymer groups, respectively. 26826568 1 25 theme saliva 179:184 arg1 retention 153:161 the in-mouth retention 140:161 the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers 140:342 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 2 26 theme 1 386:386 arg1 mmol/L 388:393 mmol/L 388:393 mmol/L 388:393 METHODS Each formulation was tagged with 1 mmol/L lithium and participants (n=30) rinsed their mouth with one randomly assigned formulation (emulsion, polymer or water) for 30s, before expectorating into a cup. 26826568 2 27 dep METHODS 345:351 arg1 tagged 374:379 tagged 374:379 was tagged with 1 mmol/L lithium and participants (n=30) 370:425 METHODS Each formulation was tagged with 1 mmol/L lithium and participants (n=30) rinsed their mouth with one randomly assigned formulation (emulsion, polymer or water) for 30s, before expectorating into a cup. 26826568 7 28 theme oil 1224:1226 arg1 presence 1212:1219 the presence 1208:1219 the presence of oil in all expectorated emulsion samples 1208:1263 FTIR confirmed the presence of oil in all expectorated emulsion samples. 26826568 4 29 theme Patient 676:682 arg1 acceptability 684:696 Patient acceptability 676:696 Patient acceptability 676:696 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 4 30 from presence 814:821 arg1 samples 846:852 expectorated samples 833:852 expectorated samples 833:852 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 1 31 theme healthy 325:331 arg1 volunteers 333:342 healthy volunteers 325:342 healthy volunteers 325:342 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 6 32 theme emulsion 1049:1056 arg1 group 1058:1062 the emulsion group 1045:1062 the emulsion group 1045:1062 Mean retention was highest in the emulsion group, with a difference of 8.34 ± 2.71% (p=0.003) and 4.57 ± 2.71% (p=0.06) compared with the water and polymer groups, respectively. 26826568 3 33 theme lithium 573:579 arg1 Concentration 556:568 Concentration 556:568 Concentration of lithium expectorated 556:592 Concentration of lithium expectorated was measured and amount of each formulation remaining in the mouth was estimated. 26826568 9 34 theme time 1435:1438 arg1 periods 1440:1446 longer time periods 1428:1446 longer time periods 1428:1446 The next step is to conduct larger clinical studies over longer time periods in participants with salivary hypofunction. 26826568 4 35 used used 792:795 arg2 FTIR 782:785 FTIR 782:785 FTIR 782:785 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 4 35 used used 792:795 arg2 spectroscopy 768:779 Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy 741:779 Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 741:786 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 1 36 dep saliva 179:184 arg1 emulsion 198:205 emulsion 198:205 emulsion 198:205 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 1 36 dep saliva 179:184 arg1 substitute 186:195 substitute 186:195 substitute 186:195 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 0 37 theme pilot 48:52 arg1 study 54:58 A pilot study 46:58 Oil-based compositions as saliva substitutes: A pilot study to investigate in-mouth retention. 0:93 Oil-based compositions as saliva substitutes: A pilot study to investigate in-mouth retention. 26826568 6 38 theme polymer 1163:1169 arg1 groups 1171:1176 the water and polymer groups 1149:1176 groups 1171:1176 Mean retention was highest in the emulsion group, with a difference of 8.34 ± 2.71% (p=0.003) and 4.57 ± 2.71% (p=0.06) compared with the water and polymer groups, respectively. 26826568 8 39 theme retention 1334:1342 arg1 terms 1325:1329 terms 1325:1329 terms of retention 1325:1342 CONCLUSION The emulsion was not inferior to the polymer in terms of retention immediately after rinsing. 26826568 1 40 theme pilot 111:115 arg1 study 117:121 This pilot study 106:121 This pilot study 106:121 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 1 41 with saliva 179:184 arg1 polymer 313:319 polymer 313:319 polymer 313:319 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 1 41 with saliva 179:184 arg1 suspension 301:310 a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension 276:310 a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) 276:320 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 1 41 with saliva 179:184 arg1 water 266:270 water 266:270 water 266:270 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 5 42 theme water 961:965 arg1 p>0.05 975:980 p>0.05 975:980 p>0.05 975:980 RESULTS Immediately after rinsing, taste was rated lower in the emulsion group compared to the polymer or water groups (p>0.05), although variability was high. 26826568 5 42 theme water 961:965 arg1 groups 967:972 the polymer or water groups 946:972 groups 967:972 RESULTS Immediately after rinsing, taste was rated lower in the emulsion group compared to the polymer or water groups (p>0.05), although variability was high. 26826568 1 43 theme 1 278:278 arg1 % 279:279 % 279:279 % 279:279 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 6 44 theme water 1153:1157 arg1 groups 1171:1176 the water and polymer groups 1149:1176 groups 1171:1176 Mean retention was highest in the emulsion group, with a difference of 8.34 ± 2.71% (p=0.003) and 4.57 ± 2.71% (p=0.06) compared with the water and polymer groups, respectively. 26826568 5 45 theme emulsion 919:926 arg1 group 928:932 the emulsion group 915:932 the emulsion group compared to the polymer or water groups (p>0.05) 915:981 RESULTS Immediately after rinsing, taste was rated lower in the emulsion group compared to the polymer or water groups (p>0.05), although variability was high. 26826568 4 46 theme Infrared 759:766 arg1 spectroscopy 768:779 Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy 741:779 Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 741:786 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 4 46 theme Infrared 759:766 arg1 FTIR 782:785 FTIR 782:785 FTIR 782:785 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 7 47 theme expectorated 1235:1246 arg1 samples 1257:1263 all expectorated emulsion samples 1231:1263 all expectorated emulsion samples 1231:1263 FTIR confirmed the presence of oil in all expectorated emulsion samples. 26826568 7 48 attach presence 1212:1219 arg1 samples 1257:1263 all expectorated emulsion samples 1231:1263 all expectorated emulsion samples 1231:1263 FTIR confirmed the presence of oil in all expectorated emulsion samples. 26826568 7 48 attach presence 1212:1219 arg2 oil 1224:1226 oil 1224:1226 oil 1224:1226 FTIR confirmed the presence of oil in all expectorated emulsion samples. 26826568 4 49 theme expectorated 833:844 arg1 samples 846:852 expectorated samples 833:852 expectorated samples 833:852 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 9 50 with participants 1451:1462 arg1 hypofunction 1478:1489 salivary hypofunction 1469:1489 salivary hypofunction 1469:1489 The next step is to conduct larger clinical studies over longer time periods in participants with salivary hypofunction. 26826568 9 51 theme salivary 1469:1476 arg1 hypofunction 1478:1489 salivary hypofunction 1469:1489 salivary hypofunction 1469:1489 The next step is to conduct larger clinical studies over longer time periods in participants with salivary hypofunction. 26826568 8 52 dep CONCLUSION 1266:1275 arg1 emulsion 1281:1288 The emulsion 1277:1288 The emulsion 1277:1288 CONCLUSION The emulsion was not inferior to the polymer in terms of retention immediately after rinsing. 26826568 8 52 dep CONCLUSION 1266:1275 arg1 inferior 1298:1305 inferior 1298:1305 inferior 1298:1305 CONCLUSION The emulsion was not inferior to the polymer in terms of retention immediately after rinsing. 26826568 4 53 attach presence 814:821 arg2 oil 826:828 oil 826:828 oil 826:828 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 4 53 attach presence 814:821 arg1 samples 846:852 expectorated samples 833:852 expectorated samples 833:852 Patient acceptability was investigated using questionnaires, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the presence of oil in expectorated samples. 26826568 0 54 dep compositions 10:21 arg1 study 54:58 A pilot study 46:58 Oil-based compositions as saliva substitutes: A pilot study to investigate in-mouth retention. 0:93 Oil-based compositions as saliva substitutes: A pilot study to investigate in-mouth retention. 26826568 1 55 dep OBJECTIVES 95:104 arg1 aimed 123:127 aimed 123:127 aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers 123:342 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 1 56 theme rice 222:225 arg1 oil 232:234 rice bran oil 222:234 rice bran oil 222:234 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 1 57 theme % 279:279 arg1 polymer 313:319 polymer 313:319 polymer 313:319 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 1 57 theme % 279:279 arg1 suspension 301:310 a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension 276:310 a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) 276:320 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26826568 6 58 theme Mean 1015:1018 arg1 retention 1020:1028 Mean retention 1015:1028 Mean retention 1015:1028 Mean retention was highest in the emulsion group, with a difference of 8.34 ± 2.71% (p=0.003) and 4.57 ± 2.71% (p=0.06) compared with the water and polymer groups, respectively. 26826568 8 59 from inferior 1298:1305 arg1 terms 1325:1329 terms 1325:1329 terms of retention 1325:1342 CONCLUSION The emulsion was not inferior to the polymer in terms of retention immediately after rinsing. 26826568 1 60 theme bran 227:230 arg1 oil 232:234 rice bran oil 222:234 rice bran oil 222:234 OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to compare the in-mouth retention of an oil-based saliva substitute (emulsion, consisting of rice bran oil, soy lecithin and water) with water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose suspension (polymer) in healthy volunteers. 26303322 4 0 dep features 491:498 arg1 1 500:500 1 500:500 1 500:500 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 0 dep features 491:498 arg1 4 506:506 4 506:506 4 506:506 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 8 1 theme = 1083:1083 arg1 U13T 1059:1062 U13T 1059:1062 U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) 1059:1095 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 8 1 theme = 1083:1083 arg1 19866T 1089:1094  = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T 1065:1094  = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T 1065:1094 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 2 2 theme spore-forming 97:109 arg1 bacteria 126:133 Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 67:133 Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 67:133 Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated U13T and U14, were isolated from soil of the Ukraine. 26303322 3 3 theme Comparative 201:211 arg1 analysis 213:220 Comparative analysis 201:220 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences 201:251 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 6 4 dep evidence 877:884 arg1 basis 864:868 basis 864:868 basis 864:868 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 6 4 dep evidence 877:884 arg1 the 860:862 the 860:862 the 860:862 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 6 5 theme name 991:994 arg1 sp 1018:1019 the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp 987:1019 the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp 987:1019 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 3 6 with similarity 356:365 arg1 1105T 404:408 1105T 404:408 1105T 404:408 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 8 7 theme JCM 1144:1146 arg1 19867 1148:1152 JCM 19867 1144:1152 JCM 19867 1144:1152 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 4 8 theme fatty 520:524 arg1 features 491:498 summed features 1 and 4 484:506 summed features 1 and 4 484:506 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 8 theme fatty 520:524 arg1 iso-C15:0 470:478 iso-C15:0 470:478 iso-C15:0 470:478 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 8 theme fatty 520:524 arg1 acids 526:530 the main fatty acids 511:530 the main fatty acids 511:530 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 3 9 theme highest 325:331 arg1 similarity 356:365 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 321:365 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively) 321:442 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 5 10 theme peptidoglycan 778:790 arg1 A1γ 825:827 type A1γ 820:827 type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid) 820:854 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 5 10 theme peptidoglycan 778:790 arg1 type 792:795 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 764:795 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains 764:814 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 4 11 dep 9.0 584:586 arg1 to 581:582 to 581:582 to 581:582 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 12 theme main 515:518 arg1 features 491:498 summed features 1 and 4 484:506 summed features 1 and 4 484:506 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 12 theme main 515:518 arg1 iso-C15:0 470:478 iso-C15:0 470:478 iso-C15:0 470:478 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 12 theme main 515:518 arg1 acids 526:530 the main fatty acids 511:530 the main fatty acids 511:530 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 13 contain had 466:468 arg1 U13T 453:456 U13T 453:456 U13T 453:456 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 13 contain had 466:468 arg2 iso-C15:0 470:478 iso-C15:0 470:478 iso-C15:0 470:478 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 13 contain had 466:468 arg1 U14 462:464 U14 462:464 U14 462:464 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 13 contain had 466:468 arg2 features 491:498 summed features 1 and 4 484:506 summed features 1 and 4 484:506 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 13 contain had 466:468 arg2 acids 526:530 the main fatty acids 511:530 the main fatty acids 511:530 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 13 contain had 466:468 arg1 Strains 445:451 Strains U13T and U14 445:464 Strains U13T and U14 445:464 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 14 theme w/v 682:684 arg1 NaCl 687:690 0-1% (w/v) NaCl 676:690 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) 676:708 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 14 theme w/v 682:684 arg1 % 702:702 optimum 0% 693:702 optimum 0% 693:702 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 3 15 theme 16S 229:231 arg1 sequences 243:251 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 225:251 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 225:251 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 0 16 theme Tumebacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 22:23 Tumebacillus luteolus sp 0:23 Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 0:24 Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 4 17 theme summed 484:489 arg1 acids 526:530 the main fatty acids 511:530 the main fatty acids 511:530 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 17 theme summed 484:489 arg1 features 491:498 summed features 1 and 4 484:506 summed features 1 and 4 484:506 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 17 theme summed 484:489 arg1 iso-C15:0 470:478 iso-C15:0 470:478 iso-C15:0 470:478 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 0 18 theme luteolus 13:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Tumebacillus luteolus sp 0:23 Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 0:24 Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 2 19 theme bacteria 126:133 arg1 strains 56:62 Two strains 52:62 Two strains 52:62 Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated U13T and U14, were isolated from soil of the Ukraine. 26303322 6 20 theme novel 936:940 arg1 species 942:948 a novel species 934:948 a novel species 934:948 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 2 21 attach isolated 166:173 arg1 soil 180:183 soil 180:183 soil of the Ukraine 180:198 Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated U13T and U14, were isolated from soil of the Ukraine. 26303322 2 21 attach isolated 166:173 arg2 strains 56:62 Two strains 52:62 Two strains 52:62 Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated U13T and U14, were isolated from soil of the Ukraine. 26303322 3 22 theme sequence 347:354 arg1 similarity 356:365 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 321:365 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively) 321:442 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 4 23 theme optimum 693:699 arg1 NaCl 687:690 0-1% (w/v) NaCl 676:690 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) 676:708 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 23 theme optimum 693:699 arg1 % 702:702 optimum 0% 693:702 optimum 0% 693:702 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 3 24 theme 16S 333:335 arg1 similarity 356:365 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 321:365 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively) 321:442 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 3 25 theme sequences 243:251 arg1 analysis 213:220 Comparative analysis 201:220 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences 201:251 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 5 26 theme meso-diaminopimelic 830:848 arg1 A1γ 825:827 type A1γ 820:827 type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid) 820:854 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 5 26 theme meso-diaminopimelic 830:848 arg1 acid 850:853 meso-diaminopimelic acid 830:853 meso-diaminopimelic acid 830:853 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 8 27 theme 7305-100T 1073:1081 arg1 U13T 1059:1062 U13T 1059:1062 U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) 1059:1095 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 8 27 theme 7305-100T 1073:1081 arg1 19866T 1089:1094  = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T 1065:1094  = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T 1065:1094 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 5 28 theme cell-wall 768:776 arg1 A1γ 825:827 type A1γ 820:827 type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid) 820:854 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 5 28 theme cell-wall 768:776 arg1 type 792:795 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 764:795 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains 764:814 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 3 29 theme rRNA 337:340 arg1 similarity 356:365 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 321:365 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively) 321:442 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 4 30 theme agar 717:720 arg1 medium 722:727 R2A agar medium 713:727 R2A agar medium 713:727 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 6 31 theme genus 957:961 arg1 Tumebacillus 963:974 the genus Tumebacillus 953:974 the genus Tumebacillus 953:974 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 6 32 dep Tumebacillus 996:1007 arg1 luteolus 1009:1016 luteolus 1009:1016 luteolus 1009:1016 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 3 33 theme rRNA 233:236 arg1 sequences 243:251 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 225:251 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 225:251 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 5 34 theme type 820:823 arg1 A1γ 825:827 type A1γ 820:827 type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid) 820:854 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 5 34 theme type 820:823 arg1 acid 850:853 meso-diaminopimelic acid 830:853 meso-diaminopimelic acid 830:853 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 5 34 theme type 820:823 arg1 type 792:795 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 764:795 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains 764:814 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 8 35 theme type 1044:1047 arg1 U13T 1059:1062 U13T 1059:1062 U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) 1059:1095 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 8 35 theme type 1044:1047 arg1 strain 1049:1054 The type strain 1040:1054 The type strain 1040:1054 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 4 36 dep % 702:702 arg1 w/v 705:707 w/v 705:707 w/v 705:707 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 2 37 theme aerobic 88:94 arg1 bacteria 126:133 Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 67:133 Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 67:133 Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated U13T and U14, were isolated from soil of the Ukraine. 26303322 3 38 theme gene 238:241 arg1 sequences 243:251 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 225:251 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 225:251 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 3 39 dep 1105T 404:408 arg1 % 416:416 95.48% 411:416 95.48% 411:416 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 3 39 dep 1105T 404:408 arg1 % 427:427 95.49% 422:427 95.49% 422:427 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 8 40 dep U14 1120:1122 arg1 KEMB 1128:1131 KEMB 1128:1131 KEMB 1128:1131 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 8 41 theme second 1103:1108 arg1 U14 1120:1122 U14 1120:1122 U14 1120:1122 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 8 41 theme second 1103:1108 arg1 strain 1110:1115 a second strain 1101:1115 a second strain 1101:1115 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 2 42 theme Ukraine 192:198 arg1 soil 180:183 soil 180:183 soil of the Ukraine 180:198 Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated U13T and U14, were isolated from soil of the Ukraine. 26303322 2 43 theme Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 bacteria 126:133 Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 67:133 Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 67:133 Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated U13T and U14, were isolated from soil of the Ukraine. 26303322 4 44 theme % 679:679 arg1 NaCl 687:690 0-1% (w/v) NaCl 676:690 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) 676:708 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 44 theme % 679:679 arg1 % 702:702 optimum 0% 693:702 optimum 0% 693:702 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 45 theme optimum 589:595 arg1 pH 597:598 optimum pH 6.0-7.0 589:606 optimum pH 6.0-7.0 589:606 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 45 theme optimum 589:595 arg1 pH 574:575 pH 5.0 to 9.0 574:586 pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0) 574:607 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 46 dep Strains 445:451 arg1 U13T 453:456 U13T 453:456 U13T 453:456 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 46 dep Strains 445:451 arg1 Strains 445:451 Strains U13T and U14 445:464 Strains U13T and U14 445:464 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 46 dep Strains 445:451 arg1 U14 462:464 U14 462:464 U14 462:464 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 47 theme R2A 713:715 arg1 medium 722:727 R2A agar medium 713:727 R2A agar medium 713:727 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 6 48 dep strains 903:909 arg1 strains 903:909 strains 903:909 strains U13T and U14 903:922 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 6 48 dep strains 903:909 arg1 U14 920:922 U14 920:922 U14 920:922 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 6 48 dep strains 903:909 arg1 U13T 911:914 U13T 911:914 U13T 911:914 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 6 49 theme Tumebacillus 996:1007 arg1 sp 1018:1019 the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp 987:1019 the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp 987:1019 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 8 50 dep = 1142:1142 arg1 19867 1148:1152 JCM 19867 1144:1152 JCM 19867 1144:1152 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 4 51 theme optimum 649:655 arg1 42 °C 642:646 42 °C 642:646 42 °C 642:646 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 51 theme optimum 649:655 arg1 28-37 °C 657:664 optimum 28-37 °C 649:664 optimum 28-37 °C 649:664 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 4 52 dep 42 °C 642:646 arg1 to 639:640 to 639:640 to 639:640 Strains U13T and U14 had iso-C15:0 and summed features 1 and 4 as the main fatty acids, and were able to grow at pH ranging from pH 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0), temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 °C (optimum 28-37 °C) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%, w/v) on R2A agar medium. 26303322 8 53 theme JCM 1085:1087 arg1 U13T 1059:1062 U13T 1059:1062 U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) 1059:1095 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 8 53 theme JCM 1085:1087 arg1 19866T 1089:1094  = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T 1065:1094  = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T 1065:1094 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 5 54 theme Chemotaxonomic 730:743 arg1 data 745:748 Chemotaxonomic data 730:748 Chemotaxonomic data 730:748 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 3 55 theme genus 296:300 arg1 Tumebacillus 302:313 the genus Tumebacillus 292:313 the genus Tumebacillus 292:313 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 26303322 5 56 theme strains 808:814 arg1 A1γ 825:827 type A1γ 820:827 type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid) 820:854 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 5 56 theme strains 808:814 arg1 type 792:795 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 764:795 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains 764:814 Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the two strains was type A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid). 26303322 8 57 theme KEMB 1068:1071 arg1 U13T 1059:1062 U13T 1059:1062 U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) 1059:1095 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 8 57 theme KEMB 1068:1071 arg1 19866T 1089:1094  = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T 1065:1094  = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T 1065:1094 The type strain is U13T ( = KEMB 7305-100T = JCM 19866T) and a second strain is U14 ( = KEMB 7305-101 = JCM 19867). 26303322 2 58 theme rod-shaped 115:124 arg1 bacteria 126:133 Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 67:133 Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 67:133 Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated U13T and U14, were isolated from soil of the Ukraine. 26303322 6 59 theme Tumebacillus 963:974 arg1 species 942:948 a novel species 934:948 a novel species 934:948 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 6 60 from study 896:900 arg1 evidence 877:884 the evidence 873:884 the evidence from this study 873:900 On the basis of the evidence from this study, strains U13T and U14 represent a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus luteolus sp. 26303322 3 61 theme gene 342:345 arg1 similarity 356:365 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 321:365 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively) 321:442 Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genus Tumebacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T (95.48% and 95.49%, respectively). 25485647 2 0 theme feeding 458:464 arg1 conditions 466:475 these feeding conditions 452:475 these feeding conditions 452:475 It is not known whether consumption of sucrose or saccharin also increases sensitivity to the behavioral effects of cocaine or whether continuous (or intermittent) access to these feeding conditions is necessary to change sensitivity. 25485647 0 1 theme female 153:158 arg1 rats 160:163 adolescent female rats 142:163 adolescent female rats 142:163 Eating high fat chow, but not drinking sucrose or saccharin, enhances the development of sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats. 25485647 4 2 theme % 790:790 arg1 water 779:783 water 779:783 water 779:783 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 4 2 theme % 790:790 arg1 solution 800:807 a 10% sucrose solution 786:807 a 10% sucrose solution 786:807 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 2 3 theme saccharin 328:336 arg1 consumption 302:312 consumption 302:312 consumption of sucrose or saccharin 302:336 It is not known whether consumption of sucrose or saccharin also increases sensitivity to the behavioral effects of cocaine or whether continuous (or intermittent) access to these feeding conditions is necessary to change sensitivity. 25485647 6 4 theme high 1116:1119 arg1 chow 1125:1128 high fat chow 1116:1128 high fat chow 1116:1128 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 1 5 theme sensitization 218:230 arg1 development 203:213 the development 199:213 the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion in female rats 199:275 Eating high fat chow accelerates the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion in female rats. 25485647 1 6 from locomotion 251:260 arg1 rats 272:275 female rats 265:275 female rats 265:275 Eating high fat chow accelerates the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion in female rats. 25485647 0 7 theme adolescent 142:151 arg1 rats 160:163 adolescent female rats 142:163 adolescent female rats 142:163 Eating high fat chow, but not drinking sucrose or saccharin, enhances the development of sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats. 25485647 6 8 theme intermittent 1263:1274 arg1 access 1276:1281 continuous or intermittent access 1249:1281 continuous or intermittent access 1249:1281 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 6 8 theme intermittent 1263:1274 arg1 saccharin 1238:1246 saccharin 1238:1246 saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) 1238:1282 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 7 9 theme condition 1384:1392 arg1 impact 1366:1371 The impact 1362:1371 The impact of feeding condition on the behavioral effects of cocaine 1362:1429 The impact of feeding condition on the behavioral effects of cocaine varies between sexes and across dietary composition. 25485647 4 10 theme % 818:818 arg1 solution 830:837 a 0.1% saccharin solution 813:837 a 0.1% saccharin solution 813:837 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 3 11 theme female 524:529 arg1 rats 546:549 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats 513:549 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats 513:549 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of seven feeding conditions from postnatal day 25 through to postnatal day 60. 25485647 5 12 contain had 856:858 arg1 rats 844:847 The rats 840:847 The rats 840:847 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 5 12 contain had 856:858 arg2 access 871:876 continuous access 860:876 continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin 860:916 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 1 13 theme cocaine-induced 235:249 arg1 locomotion 251:260 cocaine-induced locomotion 235:260 cocaine-induced locomotion in female rats 235:275 Eating high fat chow accelerates the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion in female rats. 25485647 4 14 theme 0.1 815:817 arg1 % 818:818 % 818:818 % 818:818 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 5 15 with substances 974:983 arg1 access 991:996 access 991:996 access to water 991:1005 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 3 16 theme Sprague-Dawley 531:544 arg1 rats 546:549 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats 513:549 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats 513:549 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of seven feeding conditions from postnatal day 25 through to postnatal day 60. 25485647 0 17 from effects 120:126 arg1 rats 160:163 adolescent female rats 142:163 adolescent female rats 142:163 Eating high fat chow, but not drinking sucrose or saccharin, enhances the development of sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats. 25485647 6 18 theme continuous 1072:1081 arg1 access 1106:1111 continuous (but not intermittent) access 1072:1111 continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow 1072:1128 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 2 19 theme cocaine 394:400 arg1 effects 383:389 the behavioral effects 368:389 the behavioral effects of cocaine 368:400 It is not known whether consumption of sucrose or saccharin also increases sensitivity to the behavioral effects of cocaine or whether continuous (or intermittent) access to these feeding conditions is necessary to change sensitivity. 25485647 2 20 theme behavioral 372:381 arg1 effects 383:389 the behavioral effects 368:389 the behavioral effects of cocaine 368:400 It is not known whether consumption of sucrose or saccharin also increases sensitivity to the behavioral effects of cocaine or whether continuous (or intermittent) access to these feeding conditions is necessary to change sensitivity. 25485647 4 21 theme saccharin 820:828 arg1 solution 830:837 a 0.1% saccharin solution 813:837 a 0.1% saccharin solution 813:837 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 7 22 theme feeding 1376:1382 arg1 condition 1384:1392 feeding condition 1376:1392 feeding condition 1376:1392 The impact of feeding condition on the behavioral effects of cocaine varies between sexes and across dietary composition. 25485647 3 23 theme Adolescent 513:522 arg1 rats 546:549 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats 513:549 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats 513:549 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of seven feeding conditions from postnatal day 25 through to postnatal day 60. 25485647 4 24 dep standard 728:735 arg1 % 740:740 17% 738:740 17% kcal from fat 738:754 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 0 25 theme high 7:10 arg1 chow 16:19 high fat chow 7:19 high fat chow 7:19 Eating high fat chow, but not drinking sucrose or saccharin, enhances the development of sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats. 25485647 4 26 from fat 752:754 arg1 kcal 742:745 kcal 742:745 kcal 742:745 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 4 27 from fat 695:697 arg1 kcal 685:688 kcal 685:688 kcal 685:688 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 3 28 from day 615:617 arg1 conditions 589:598 one of seven feeding conditions 568:598 one of seven feeding conditions from postnatal day 25 568:620 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of seven feeding conditions from postnatal day 25 through to postnatal day 60. 25485647 6 29 theme cocaine-induced 1334:1348 arg1 locomotion 1350:1359 cocaine-induced locomotion 1334:1359 cocaine-induced locomotion 1334:1359 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 5 30 contain had 922:924 arg2 access 939:944 intermittent access 926:944 intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water 926:1005 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 5 30 contain had 922:924 arg1 rats 844:847 The rats 840:847 The rats 840:847 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 5 30 contain had 922:924 arg2 days/week 954:962 2 days/week 952:962 2 days/week 952:962 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 5 30 contain had 922:924 arg2 chow 1020:1023 standard chow 1011:1023 standard chow 1011:1023 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 6 31 theme standard 1057:1064 arg1 chow 1066:1069 standard chow 1057:1069 standard chow 1057:1069 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 4 32 theme kcal 685:688 arg1 % 683:683 60% 681:683 60% kcal from fat 681:697 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 2 33 theme continuous 413:422 arg1 access 442:447 continuous (or intermittent) access 413:447 continuous (or intermittent) access to these feeding conditions 413:475 It is not known whether consumption of sucrose or saccharin also increases sensitivity to the behavioral effects of cocaine or whether continuous (or intermittent) access to these feeding conditions is necessary to change sensitivity. 25485647 1 34 theme female 265:270 arg1 rats 272:275 female rats 265:275 female rats 265:275 Eating high fat chow accelerates the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion in female rats. 25485647 7 35 from impact 1366:1371 arg1 effects 1412:1418 the behavioral effects 1397:1418 the behavioral effects of cocaine 1397:1429 The impact of feeding condition on the behavioral effects of cocaine varies between sexes and across dietary composition. 25485647 4 36 theme high 671:674 arg1 fat 676:678 high fat 671:678 high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow 671:703 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 6 37 theme sensitization 1317:1329 arg1 development 1302:1312 the development 1298:1312 the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion 1298:1359 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 0 38 theme fat 12:14 arg1 chow 16:19 high fat chow 7:19 high fat chow 7:19 Eating high fat chow, but not drinking sucrose or saccharin, enhances the development of sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats. 25485647 5 39 dep days/week 954:962 arg1 i.e. 947:950 i.e. 947:950 i.e. 947:950 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 0 40 theme sensitization 89:101 arg1 development 74:84 the development 70:84 the development of sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats 70:163 Eating high fat chow, but not drinking sucrose or saccharin, enhances the development of sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats. 25485647 6 41 dep access 1106:1111 arg1 intermittent 1092:1103 intermittent 1092:1103 intermittent 1092:1103 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 4 42 dep fat 676:678 arg1 % 683:683 60% 681:683 60% kcal from fat 681:697 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 1 43 theme high 173:176 arg1 chow 182:185 high fat chow 173:185 high fat chow 173:185 Eating high fat chow accelerates the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion in female rats. 25485647 5 44 theme standard 1011:1018 arg1 chow 1020:1023 standard chow 1011:1023 standard chow 1011:1023 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 0 45 theme locomotor 110:118 arg1 effects 120:126 the locomotor effects 106:126 the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats 106:163 Eating high fat chow, but not drinking sucrose or saccharin, enhances the development of sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats. 25485647 3 46 theme postnatal 633:641 arg1 day 643:645 postnatal day 60 633:648 postnatal day 60 633:648 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of seven feeding conditions from postnatal day 25 through to postnatal day 60. 25485647 5 47 theme high 881:884 arg1 chow 890:893 high fat chow 881:893 high fat chow 881:893 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 1 48 theme fat 178:180 arg1 chow 182:185 high fat chow 173:185 high fat chow 173:185 Eating high fat chow accelerates the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion in female rats. 25485647 6 49 theme drinking 1218:1225 arg1 sucrose 1227:1233 drinking sucrose 1218:1233 drinking sucrose 1218:1233 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 6 50 theme 1-17.8 mg/kg 1192:1203 arg1 locomotion 1206:1215 cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion 1175:1215 cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion 1175:1215 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 6 51 theme fat 1121:1123 arg1 chow 1125:1128 high fat chow 1116:1128 high fat chow 1116:1128 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 3 52 theme feeding 581:587 arg1 conditions 589:598 one of seven feeding conditions 568:598 one of seven feeding conditions from postnatal day 25 568:620 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of seven feeding conditions from postnatal day 25 through to postnatal day 60. 25485647 7 53 theme dietary 1463:1469 arg1 composition 1471:1481 dietary composition 1463:1481 dietary composition 1463:1481 The impact of feeding condition on the behavioral effects of cocaine varies between sexes and across dietary composition. 25485647 0 54 theme drinking 30:37 arg1 sucrose 39:45 drinking sucrose 30:45 drinking sucrose 30:45 Eating high fat chow, but not drinking sucrose or saccharin, enhances the development of sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats. 25485647 4 55 theme 10 788:789 arg1 % 790:790 % 790:790 % 790:790 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 5 56 theme intermittent 926:937 arg1 access 939:944 intermittent access 926:944 intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water 926:1005 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 5 56 theme intermittent 926:937 arg1 days/week 954:962 2 days/week 952:962 2 days/week 952:962 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 2 57 theme sucrose 317:323 arg1 consumption 302:312 consumption 302:312 consumption of sucrose or saccharin 302:336 It is not known whether consumption of sucrose or saccharin also increases sensitivity to the behavioral effects of cocaine or whether continuous (or intermittent) access to these feeding conditions is necessary to change sensitivity. 25485647 2 58 theme intermittent 428:439 arg1 access 442:447 continuous (or intermittent) access 413:447 continuous (or intermittent) access to these feeding conditions 413:475 It is not known whether consumption of sucrose or saccharin also increases sensitivity to the behavioral effects of cocaine or whether continuous (or intermittent) access to these feeding conditions is necessary to change sensitivity. 25485647 4 59 theme kcal 742:745 arg1 % 740:740 17% 738:740 17% kcal from fat 738:754 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 4 60 theme fat 676:678 arg1 chow 700:703 high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow 671:703 high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow 671:703 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 7 61 theme cocaine 1423:1429 arg1 effects 1412:1418 the behavioral effects 1397:1418 the behavioral effects of cocaine 1397:1429 The impact of feeding condition on the behavioral effects of cocaine varies between sexes and across dietary composition. 25485647 4 62 theme sucrose 792:798 arg1 water 779:783 water 779:783 water 779:783 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 4 62 theme sucrose 792:798 arg1 solution 800:807 a 10% sucrose solution 786:807 a 10% sucrose solution 786:807 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 3 63 theme postnatal 605:613 arg1 day 615:617 postnatal day 25 605:620 postnatal day 25 605:620 Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of seven feeding conditions from postnatal day 25 through to postnatal day 60. 25485647 5 64 theme fat 886:888 arg1 chow 890:893 high fat chow 881:893 high fat chow 881:893 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 7 65 theme behavioral 1401:1410 arg1 effects 1412:1418 the behavioral effects 1397:1418 the behavioral effects of cocaine 1397:1429 The impact of feeding condition on the behavioral effects of cocaine varies between sexes and across dietary composition. 25485647 0 66 theme cocaine 131:137 arg1 effects 120:126 the locomotor effects 106:126 the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats 106:163 Eating high fat chow, but not drinking sucrose or saccharin, enhances the development of sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats. 25485647 5 67 theme continuous 860:869 arg1 access 871:876 continuous access 860:876 continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin 860:916 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 6 68 theme cocaine-induced 1175:1189 arg1 locomotion 1206:1215 cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion 1175:1215 cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion 1175:1215 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 5 69 theme other 1028:1032 arg1 days 1034:1037 other days 1028:1037 other days 1028:1037 The rats either had continuous access to high fat chow, sucrose, or saccharin, or had intermittent access (i.e. 2 days/week) to these substances, with access to water and standard chow on other days. 25485647 4 70 theme standard 728:735 arg1 chow 757:760 standard (17% kcal from fat) chow 728:760 standard (17% kcal from fat) chow 728:760 The rats either ate high fat (60% kcal from fat) chow and drank water or ate standard (17% kcal from fat) chow and drank either water, a 10% sucrose solution, or a 0.1% saccharin solution. 25485647 6 71 theme continuous 1249:1258 arg1 access 1276:1281 continuous or intermittent access 1249:1281 continuous or intermittent access 1249:1281 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 6 71 theme continuous 1249:1258 arg1 saccharin 1238:1246 saccharin 1238:1246 saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) 1238:1282 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 25485647 6 72 theme sensitization 1158:1170 arg1 development 1143:1153 the development 1139:1153 the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion 1139:1215 As compared with standard chow, continuous (but not intermittent) access to high fat chow enhanced the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced (1-17.8 mg/kg) locomotion; drinking sucrose or saccharin (continuous or intermittent access) did not alter the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion. 28887536 0 0 theme anti-colon 118:127 arg1 drug 143:146 an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug 115:146 an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug 115:146 Efficiency of newly formulated camptothecin with β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 nanoparticle-conjugated nanocarriers as an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug. 28887536 5 1 theme responsive 679:688 arg1 formulation 702:712 magnetically responsive anti-cancer formulation 666:712 magnetically responsive anti-cancer formulation 666:712 The use of magnetically responsive anti-cancer formulation is highly advantageous in cancer chemotherapy. 28887536 11 2 theme study 1308:1312 arg1 results 1314:1320 These study results 1302:1320 These study results 1302:1320 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 11 3 theme colon 1437:1441 arg1 cells 1450:1454 colon cancer cells 1437:1454 colon cancer cells 1437:1454 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 5 4 theme anti-cancer 690:700 arg1 formulation 702:712 magnetically responsive anti-cancer formulation 666:712 magnetically responsive anti-cancer formulation 666:712 The use of magnetically responsive anti-cancer formulation is highly advantageous in cancer chemotherapy. 28887536 9 5 theme caspase-3 1102:1110 arg1 activity 1112:1119 caspase-3 activity 1102:1119 caspase-3 activity 1102:1119 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. 28887536 10 6 theme synergistic 1261:1271 arg1 effects 1273:1279 possible synergistic effects 1252:1279 possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier 1252:1299 Cell cycle analysis also showed G1 phase arrest, which indicated possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier. 28887536 11 7 from apoptosis 1424:1432 arg1 cells 1450:1454 colon cancer cells 1437:1454 colon cancer cells 1437:1454 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 5 8 theme formulation 702:712 arg1 use 659:661 The use 655:661 The use of magnetically responsive anti-cancer formulation 655:712 The use of magnetically responsive anti-cancer formulation is highly advantageous in cancer chemotherapy. 28887536 11 9 theme caspase-3 1460:1468 arg1 activation 1470:1479 caspase-3 activation 1460:1479 caspase-3 activation 1460:1479 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 10 10 theme possible 1252:1259 arg1 effects 1273:1279 possible synergistic effects 1252:1279 possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier 1252:1299 Cell cycle analysis also showed G1 phase arrest, which indicated possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier. 28887536 0 11 theme cancer 129:134 arg1 drug 143:146 an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug 115:146 an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug 115:146 Efficiency of newly formulated camptothecin with β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 nanoparticle-conjugated nanocarriers as an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug. 28887536 9 12 theme CPT-CEF-treated 1157:1171 arg1 cells 1180:1184 CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells 1157:1184 CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells 1157:1184 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. 28887536 6 13 theme chemical 765:772 arg1 characterisation 774:789 The chemical characterisation 761:789 The chemical characterisation of CPT-CEF 761:800 The chemical characterisation of CPT-CEF was studied here. 28887536 12 14 theme colon 1585:1589 arg1 cancer 1591:1596 colon cancer 1585:1596 colon cancer 1585:1596 These data strongly suggest that CPT could be used as a major nanocarrier for CPT to effectively treat colon cancer. 28887536 9 15 theme Propidium 1007:1015 arg1 iodide 1017:1022 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining 1007:1045 iodide 1017:1022 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. 28887536 7 16 theme lung 910:913 arg1 cells 922:926 A549 lung cancer cells 905:926 A549 lung cancer cells 905:926 The ability of this nano-compound to induce apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated. 28887536 11 17 theme viability 1369:1377 arg1 reduction 1379:1387 a dose-dependent cell viability reduction 1347:1387 a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells 1347:1410 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 2 18 theme other 285:289 arg1 drawbacks 291:299 other drawbacks 285:299 other drawbacks 285:299 However, poor solubility and other drawbacks have restricted its chemotherapeutic potential. 28887536 7 19 theme cancer 915:920 arg1 cells 922:926 A549 lung cancer cells 905:926 A549 lung cancer cells 905:926 The ability of this nano-compound to induce apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated. 28887536 1 20 theme anti-cancer 174:184 arg1 Camptothecin 149:160 Camptothecin 149:160 Camptothecin (CPT) 149:166 Camptothecin (CPT) is an anti-cancer drug that effectively treats various cancers, including colon cancer. 28887536 1 20 theme anti-cancer 174:184 arg1 drug 186:189 an anti-cancer drug 171:189 an anti-cancer drug that effectively treats various cancers, including colon cancer 171:253 Camptothecin (CPT) is an anti-cancer drug that effectively treats various cancers, including colon cancer. 28887536 0 21 theme HT29 137:140 arg1 drug 143:146 an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug 115:146 an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug 115:146 Efficiency of newly formulated camptothecin with β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 nanoparticle-conjugated nanocarriers as an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug. 28887536 11 22 theme A549 1401:1404 arg1 cells 1406:1410 HT29 and A549 cells 1392:1410 HT29 and A549 cells 1392:1410 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 3 23 theme magnetic 464:471 arg1 oxide 478:482 magnetic iron oxide 464:482 magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) 464:490 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 3 23 theme magnetic 464:471 arg1 Fe3O4 485:489 Fe3O4 485:489 Fe3O4 485:489 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 11 24 theme dose-dependent 1349:1362 arg1 reduction 1379:1387 a dose-dependent cell viability reduction 1347:1387 a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells 1347:1410 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 7 25 theme A549 905:908 arg1 cells 922:926 A549 lung cancer cells 905:926 A549 lung cancer cells 905:926 The ability of this nano-compound to induce apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated. 28887536 3 26 theme composite 438:446 arg1 nanoparticle 448:459 a composite nanoparticle 436:459 a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) 436:490 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 9 27 theme Annexin 1028:1034 arg1 staining 1038:1045 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining 1007:1045 staining 1038:1045 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. 28887536 10 28 theme cycle 1192:1196 arg1 analysis 1198:1205 Cell cycle analysis 1187:1205 Cell cycle analysis 1187:1205 Cell cycle analysis also showed G1 phase arrest, which indicated possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier. 28887536 11 29 theme cell 1364:1367 arg1 reduction 1379:1387 a dose-dependent cell viability reduction 1347:1387 a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells 1347:1410 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 2 30 theme chemotherapeutic 321:336 arg1 potential 338:346 its chemotherapeutic potential 317:346 its chemotherapeutic potential 317:346 However, poor solubility and other drawbacks have restricted its chemotherapeutic potential. 28887536 7 31 theme cancer 888:893 arg1 cells 895:899 HT29 colon cancer cells 877:899 HT29 colon cancer cells 877:899 The ability of this nano-compound to induce apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated. 28887536 0 32 theme formulated 20:29 arg1 camptothecin 31:42 newly formulated camptothecin 14:42 newly formulated camptothecin 14:42 Efficiency of newly formulated camptothecin with β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 nanoparticle-conjugated nanocarriers as an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug. 28887536 10 33 theme Cell 1187:1190 arg1 analysis 1198:1205 Cell cycle analysis 1187:1205 Cell cycle analysis 1187:1205 Cell cycle analysis also showed G1 phase arrest, which indicated possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier. 28887536 11 34 theme HT29 1392:1395 arg1 cells 1406:1410 HT29 and A549 cells 1392:1410 HT29 and A549 cells 1392:1410 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 9 35 theme cancer 1173:1178 arg1 cells 1180:1184 CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells 1157:1184 CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells 1157:1184 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. 28887536 7 36 theme HT29 877:880 arg1 cells 895:899 HT29 colon cancer cells 877:899 HT29 colon cancer cells 877:899 The ability of this nano-compound to induce apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated. 28887536 1 37 theme various 215:221 arg1 cancer 248:253 colon cancer 242:253 colon cancer 242:253 Camptothecin (CPT) is an anti-cancer drug that effectively treats various cancers, including colon cancer. 28887536 1 37 theme various 215:221 arg1 cancers 223:229 various cancers 215:229 various cancers 215:229 Camptothecin (CPT) is an anti-cancer drug that effectively treats various cancers, including colon cancer. 28887536 11 38 from reduction 1379:1387 arg1 cells 1406:1410 HT29 and A549 cells 1392:1410 HT29 and A549 cells 1392:1410 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 7 39 theme colon 882:886 arg1 cells 895:899 HT29 colon cancer cells 877:899 HT29 colon cancer cells 877:899 The ability of this nano-compound to induce apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated. 28887536 3 40 theme iron 473:476 arg1 oxide 478:482 magnetic iron oxide 464:482 magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) 464:490 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 3 40 theme iron 473:476 arg1 Fe3O4 485:489 Fe3O4 485:489 Fe3O4 485:489 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 0 41 theme camptothecin 31:42 arg1 Efficiency 0:9 Efficiency 0:9 Efficiency of newly formulated camptothecin with β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 0:73 Efficiency of newly formulated camptothecin with β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 nanoparticle-conjugated nanocarriers as an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug. 28887536 10 42 theme G1 1219:1220 arg1 arrest 1228:1233 G1 phase arrest 1219:1233 G1 phase arrest 1219:1233 Cell cycle analysis also showed G1 phase arrest, which indicated possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier. 28887536 9 43 theme mitochondrial 1048:1060 arg1 JC-1 1087:1090 JC-1 dye 1087:1094 JC-1 dye 1087:1094 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. 28887536 9 43 theme mitochondrial 1048:1060 arg1 depolarisation 1071:1084 mitochondrial membrane depolarisation 1048:1084 mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye) 1048:1095 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. 28887536 9 44 theme V 1036:1036 arg1 staining 1038:1045 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining 1007:1045 staining 1038:1045 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. 28887536 3 45 theme oxide 478:482 arg1 CEF 405:407 CEF 405:407 CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4) 405:433 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 3 45 theme oxide 478:482 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 497:510 β-cyclodextrin 497:510 β-cyclodextrin 497:510 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 3 45 theme oxide 478:482 arg1 nanoparticle 448:459 a composite nanoparticle 436:459 a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) 436:490 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 3 45 theme oxide 478:482 arg1 cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4 410:432 cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4 410:432 cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4 410:432 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 9 46 theme membrane 1062:1069 arg1 JC-1 1087:1090 JC-1 dye 1087:1094 JC-1 dye 1087:1094 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. 28887536 9 46 theme membrane 1062:1069 arg1 depolarisation 1071:1084 mitochondrial membrane depolarisation 1048:1084 mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye) 1048:1095 Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. 28887536 7 47 theme nano-compound 840:852 arg1 ability 824:830 The ability 820:830 The ability of this nano-compound to induce apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells 820:926 The ability of this nano-compound to induce apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated. 28887536 8 48 theme CPT-CEF 978:984 arg1 cytotoxicity 962:973 The dose-dependent cytotoxicity 943:973 The dose-dependent cytotoxicity of CPT-CEF 943:984 The dose-dependent cytotoxicity of CPT-CEF was shown using MTT. 28887536 12 49 used used 1528:1531 arg2 CPT 1515:1517 CPT 1515:1517 CPT 1515:1517 These data strongly suggest that CPT could be used as a major nanocarrier for CPT to effectively treat colon cancer. 28887536 12 49 used used 1528:1531 arg2 nanocarrier 1544:1554 a major nanocarrier 1536:1554 a major nanocarrier for CPT 1536:1562 These data strongly suggest that CPT could be used as a major nanocarrier for CPT to effectively treat colon cancer. 28887536 8 50 theme dose-dependent 947:960 arg1 cytotoxicity 962:973 The dose-dependent cytotoxicity 943:973 The dose-dependent cytotoxicity of CPT-CEF 943:984 The dose-dependent cytotoxicity of CPT-CEF was shown using MTT. 28887536 0 51 with Efficiency 0:9 arg1 β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 49:73 β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 49:73 β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 49:73 Efficiency of newly formulated camptothecin with β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 nanoparticle-conjugated nanocarriers as an anti-colon cancer (HT29) drug. 28887536 10 52 theme nano-carrier 1288:1299 arg1 effects 1273:1279 possible synergistic effects 1252:1279 possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier 1252:1299 Cell cycle analysis also showed G1 phase arrest, which indicated possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier. 28887536 4 53 theme cancer 641:646 arg1 cells 648:652 cancer cells 641:652 cancer cells 641:652 This formulation improved CPT's solubility and bioavailability for cancer cells. 28887536 5 54 theme cancer 740:745 arg1 chemotherapy 747:758 cancer chemotherapy 740:758 cancer chemotherapy 740:758 The use of magnetically responsive anti-cancer formulation is highly advantageous in cancer chemotherapy. 28887536 12 55 theme major 1538:1542 arg1 CPT 1515:1517 CPT 1515:1517 CPT 1515:1517 These data strongly suggest that CPT could be used as a major nanocarrier for CPT to effectively treat colon cancer. 28887536 12 55 theme major 1538:1542 arg1 nanocarrier 1544:1554 a major nanocarrier 1536:1554 a major nanocarrier for CPT 1536:1562 These data strongly suggest that CPT could be used as a major nanocarrier for CPT to effectively treat colon cancer. 28887536 2 56 theme poor 265:268 arg1 solubility 270:279 poor solubility 265:279 poor solubility 265:279 However, poor solubility and other drawbacks have restricted its chemotherapeutic potential. 28887536 1 57 theme colon 242:246 arg1 cancer 248:253 colon cancer 242:253 colon cancer 242:253 Camptothecin (CPT) is an anti-cancer drug that effectively treats various cancers, including colon cancer. 28887536 11 58 theme cancer 1443:1448 arg1 cells 1450:1454 colon cancer cells 1437:1454 colon cancer cells 1437:1454 These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. 28887536 6 59 theme CPT-CEF 794:800 arg1 characterisation 774:789 The chemical characterisation 761:789 The chemical characterisation of CPT-CEF 761:800 The chemical characterisation of CPT-CEF was studied here. 28887536 3 60 theme ethylenediaminetetraacetic 534:559 arg1 EDTA 567:570 EDTA 567:570 EDTA 567:570 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 3 60 theme ethylenediaminetetraacetic 534:559 arg1 acid 561:564 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 534:564 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 534:571 To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 28887536 10 61 theme phase 1222:1226 arg1 arrest 1228:1233 G1 phase arrest 1219:1233 G1 phase arrest 1219:1233 Cell cycle analysis also showed G1 phase arrest, which indicated possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier. 26680345 6 0 theme AB/PAS+ 1016:1022 arg1 acid 978:981 acid 978:981 acid (AB+) 978:987 The cells contained acid (AB+), neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides. 26680345 6 0 theme AB/PAS+ 1016:1022 arg1 mucopolysaccharides 1025:1043 neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides 990:1043 mucopolysaccharides 1025:1043 The cells contained acid (AB+), neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides. 26680345 1 1 theme intestinal 236:245 arg1 mucosa 247:252 intestinal mucosa 236:252 intestinal mucosa 236:252 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 10 2 from changes 1504:1510 arg1 composition 1543:1553 the qualitative goblet cell composition 1515:1553 the qualitative goblet cell composition 1515:1553 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 3 3 theme current 535:541 arg1 study 543:547 the current study 531:547 the current study 531:547 In the current study, ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes were used shortly before hatching and during the first months of the post-hatch period. 26680345 8 4 from ages 1303:1306 arg1 different 1286:1294 different 1286:1294 different 1286:1294 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 8 4 from ages 1303:1306 arg1 composition 1234:1244 The qualitative goblet cell composition 1206:1244 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts 1206:1280 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 8 5 theme goblet 1222:1227 arg1 different 1286:1294 different 1286:1294 different 1286:1294 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 8 5 theme goblet 1222:1227 arg1 composition 1234:1244 The qualitative goblet cell composition 1206:1244 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts 1206:1280 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 10 6 theme cells 1648:1652 arg1 proportion 1634:1643 the proportion 1630:1643 the proportion of cells containing acid 1630:1668 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 9 7 theme goblet 1324:1329 arg1 cells 1331:1335 goblet cells 1324:1335 goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides 1324:1381 In the caecum, goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides dominate post-hatch, whereas in the colon, goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides predominated. 26680345 4 8 theme colon 809:813 arg1 parts 800:804 proximal and distal parts 780:804 proximal and distal parts of colon 780:813 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 4 8 theme colon 809:813 arg1 segments 756:763 the medium segments 745:763 the medium segments of the caecum 745:777 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 5 9 theme histochemical 825:837 arg1 reactions 839:847 histochemical reactions 825:847 histochemical reactions 825:847 By using histochemical reactions, the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides was carried out. 26680345 0 10 theme Post-Hatch 106:115 arg1 Period 117:122 the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period 93:122 the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period 93:122 Distribution and Characterisation of Goblet Cells in the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period. 26680345 10 11 theme goblet 1531:1536 arg1 composition 1543:1553 the qualitative goblet cell composition 1515:1553 the qualitative goblet cell composition 1515:1553 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 5 12 theme goblet 873:878 arg1 cells 880:884 goblet cells 873:884 goblet cells 873:884 By using histochemical reactions, the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides was carried out. 26680345 2 13 theme intestinal 491:500 arg1 segments 502:509 the large intestinal segments 481:509 the large intestinal segments 481:509 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 0 14 theme Large 57:61 arg1 Intestine 63:71 the Large Intestine 53:71 the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period 53:122 Distribution and Characterisation of Goblet Cells in the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period. 26680345 3 15 theme sexes 592:596 arg1 n = 6/36 574:581 n = 6/36 574:581 n = 6/36 574:581 In the current study, ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes were used shortly before hatching and during the first months of the post-hatch period. 26680345 3 15 theme sexes 592:596 arg1 embryos/chicks 558:571 ostrich embryos/chicks 550:571 ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes 550:596 In the current study, ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes were used shortly before hatching and during the first months of the post-hatch period. 26680345 0 16 from Characterisation 17:32 arg1 Intestine 63:71 the Large Intestine 53:71 the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period 53:122 Distribution and Characterisation of Goblet Cells in the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period. 26680345 9 17 contain containing 1337:1346 arg1 cells 1331:1335 goblet cells 1324:1335 goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides 1324:1381 In the caecum, goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides dominate post-hatch, whereas in the colon, goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides predominated. 26680345 9 17 contain containing 1337:1346 arg2 mucopolysaccharides 1363:1381 mixed mucopolysaccharides 1357:1381 mixed mucopolysaccharides 1357:1381 In the caecum, goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides dominate post-hatch, whereas in the colon, goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides predominated. 26680345 9 17 contain containing 1337:1346 arg2 acid 1348:1351 acid 1348:1351 acid 1348:1351 In the caecum, goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides dominate post-hatch, whereas in the colon, goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides predominated. 26680345 3 18 used used 603:606 arg2 embryos/chicks 558:571 ostrich embryos/chicks 550:571 ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes 550:596 In the current study, ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes were used shortly before hatching and during the first months of the post-hatch period. 26680345 3 18 used used 603:606 arg2 n = 6/36 574:581 n = 6/36 574:581 n = 6/36 574:581 In the current study, ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes were used shortly before hatching and during the first months of the post-hatch period. 26680345 1 19 theme cell 144:147 arg1 secretion 149:157 goblet cell secretion 137:157 goblet cell secretion 137:157 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 0 20 from Distribution 0:11 arg1 Intestine 63:71 the Large Intestine 53:71 the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period 53:122 Distribution and Characterisation of Goblet Cells in the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period. 26680345 6 21 contain contained 968:976 arg2 AB+ 984:986 AB+ 984:986 AB+ 984:986 The cells contained acid (AB+), neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides. 26680345 6 21 contain contained 968:976 arg2 acid 978:981 acid 978:981 acid (AB+) 978:987 The cells contained acid (AB+), neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides. 26680345 6 21 contain contained 968:976 arg1 cells 962:966 The cells 958:966 The cells 958:966 The cells contained acid (AB+), neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides. 26680345 6 21 contain contained 968:976 arg2 mucopolysaccharides 1025:1043 neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides 990:1043 mucopolysaccharides 1025:1043 The cells contained acid (AB+), neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides. 26680345 6 21 contain contained 968:976 arg2 PAS+ 999:1002 PAS+ 999:1002 PAS+ 999:1002 The cells contained acid (AB+), neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides. 26680345 1 22 from role 129:132 arg1 formation 199:207 the formation 195:207 the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content 195:297 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 5 23 theme mucopolysaccharides 921:939 arg1 composition 906:916 chemical composition 897:916 the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides 850:939 By using histochemical reactions, the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides was carried out. 26680345 5 23 theme mucopolysaccharides 921:939 arg1 differentiation 854:868 the differentiation 850:868 the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides 850:939 By using histochemical reactions, the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides was carried out. 26680345 7 24 from intestine 1086:1094 arg1 number 1050:1055 The number 1046:1055 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa 1046:1118 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa increased towards the cloaca, and it was the highest in the distal part of the colon. 26680345 8 25 theme different 1249:1257 arg1 parts 1276:1280 different large intestinal parts 1249:1280 different large intestinal parts 1249:1280 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 2 26 theme mucopolysaccharides 388:406 arg1 composition 373:383 the quality composition 361:383 the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks 361:464 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 0 27 theme Pre- 97:100 arg1 Period 117:122 the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period 93:122 the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period 93:122 Distribution and Characterisation of Goblet Cells in the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period. 26680345 9 28 theme acid 1450:1453 arg1 mucopolysaccharides 1455:1473 acid mucopolysaccharides 1450:1473 acid mucopolysaccharides 1450:1473 In the caecum, goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides dominate post-hatch, whereas in the colon, goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides predominated. 26680345 8 29 theme intestinal 1265:1274 arg1 parts 1276:1280 different large intestinal parts 1249:1280 different large intestinal parts 1249:1280 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 7 30 theme unit 1100:1103 arg1 area 1105:1108 unit area 1100:1108 unit area of mucosa 1100:1118 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa increased towards the cloaca, and it was the highest in the distal part of the colon. 26680345 1 31 theme transportation 258:271 arg1 barrier 225:231 a protective barrier 212:231 a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content 212:297 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 2 32 theme intestinal 431:440 arg1 tract 442:446 the intestinal tract 427:446 the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks 427:464 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 7 33 theme colon 1199:1203 arg1 part 1187:1190 the distal part 1176:1190 the distal part of the colon 1176:1203 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa increased towards the cloaca, and it was the highest in the distal part of the colon. 26680345 1 34 contain containing 160:169 arg1 secretion 149:157 goblet cell secretion 137:157 goblet cell secretion 137:157 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 1 34 contain containing 160:169 arg2 mucopolysaccharides 171:189 mucopolysaccharides 171:189 mucopolysaccharides 171:189 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 0 35 theme Goblet 37:42 arg1 Cells 44:48 Goblet Cells 37:48 Goblet Cells 37:48 Distribution and Characterisation of Goblet Cells in the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period. 26680345 1 36 theme content 291:297 arg1 transportation 258:271 transportation 258:271 transportation 258:271 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 1 36 theme content 291:297 arg1 mucosa 247:252 intestinal mucosa 236:252 intestinal mucosa 236:252 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 2 37 from composition 373:383 arg1 tract 442:446 the intestinal tract 427:446 the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks 427:464 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 2 38 theme chicks 459:464 arg1 tract 442:446 the intestinal tract 427:446 the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks 427:464 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 2 39 theme large 485:489 arg1 segments 502:509 the large intestinal segments 481:509 the large intestinal segments 481:509 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 10 40 theme intestinal 1610:1619 arg1 segments 1621:1628 all the intestinal segments 1602:1628 all the intestinal segments 1602:1628 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 7 41 theme cells 1067:1071 arg1 number 1050:1055 The number 1046:1055 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa 1046:1118 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa increased towards the cloaca, and it was the highest in the distal part of the colon. 26680345 7 42 theme distal 1180:1185 arg1 part 1187:1190 the distal part 1176:1190 the distal part of the colon 1176:1203 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa increased towards the cloaca, and it was the highest in the distal part of the colon. 26680345 1 43 theme protective 214:223 arg1 barrier 225:231 a protective barrier 212:231 a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content 212:297 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 3 44 theme period 678:683 arg1 months 653:658 the first months 643:658 the first months of the post-hatch period 643:683 In the current study, ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes were used shortly before hatching and during the first months of the post-hatch period. 26680345 7 45 from cells 1067:1071 arg1 intestine 1086:1094 the large intestine 1076:1094 the large intestine 1076:1094 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa increased towards the cloaca, and it was the highest in the distal part of the colon. 26680345 1 46 theme mucosa 247:252 arg1 barrier 225:231 a protective barrier 212:231 a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content 212:297 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 10 47 dep mucopolysaccharides 1670:1688 arg1 increased 1703:1711 increased 1703:1711 mucopolysaccharides continuously increased 1670:1711 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 1 48 theme secretion 149:157 arg1 role 129:132 The role 125:132 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content 125:297 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 4 49 theme distal 793:798 arg1 parts 800:804 proximal and distal parts 780:804 proximal and distal parts of colon 780:813 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 4 49 theme distal 793:798 arg1 segments 756:763 the medium segments 745:763 the medium segments of the caecum 745:777 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 2 50 from information 346:356 arg1 composition 373:383 the quality composition 361:383 the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks 361:464 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 2 50 from information 346:356 arg1 segments 502:509 the large intestinal segments 481:509 the large intestinal segments 481:509 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 3 51 theme ostrich 550:556 arg1 n = 6/36 574:581 n = 6/36 574:581 n = 6/36 574:581 In the current study, ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes were used shortly before hatching and during the first months of the post-hatch period. 26680345 3 51 theme ostrich 550:556 arg1 embryos/chicks 558:571 ostrich embryos/chicks 550:571 ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes 550:596 In the current study, ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes were used shortly before hatching and during the first months of the post-hatch period. 26680345 8 52 from different 1286:1294 arg1 ages 1303:1306 all ages 1299:1306 all ages 1299:1306 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 10 53 theme rapid 1498:1502 arg1 changes 1504:1510 The most rapid changes 1489:1510 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition 1489:1553 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 10 54 theme cell 1538:1541 arg1 composition 1543:1553 the qualitative goblet cell composition 1515:1553 the qualitative goblet cell composition 1515:1553 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 9 55 theme mixed 1357:1361 arg1 mucopolysaccharides 1363:1381 mixed mucopolysaccharides 1357:1381 mixed mucopolysaccharides 1357:1381 In the caecum, goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides dominate post-hatch, whereas in the colon, goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides predominated. 26680345 10 56 theme qualitative 1519:1529 arg1 composition 1543:1553 the qualitative goblet cell composition 1515:1553 the qualitative goblet cell composition 1515:1553 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 5 57 theme cells 880:884 arg1 composition 906:916 chemical composition 897:916 the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides 850:939 By using histochemical reactions, the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides was carried out. 26680345 5 57 theme cells 880:884 arg1 differentiation 854:868 the differentiation 850:868 the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides 850:939 By using histochemical reactions, the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides was carried out. 26680345 10 58 contain containing 1654:1663 arg1 cells 1648:1652 cells 1648:1652 cells containing acid 1648:1668 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 10 58 contain containing 1654:1663 arg2 acid 1665:1668 acid 1665:1668 acid 1665:1668 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 0 59 theme Ostriches 76:84 arg1 Intestine 63:71 the Large Intestine 53:71 the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period 53:122 Distribution and Characterisation of Goblet Cells in the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period. 26680345 1 60 theme goblet 137:142 arg1 secretion 149:157 goblet cell secretion 137:157 goblet cell secretion 137:157 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 8 61 theme qualitative 1210:1220 arg1 different 1286:1294 different 1286:1294 different 1286:1294 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 8 61 theme qualitative 1210:1220 arg1 composition 1234:1244 The qualitative goblet cell composition 1206:1244 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts 1206:1280 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 7 62 theme mucosa 1113:1118 arg1 area 1105:1108 unit area 1100:1108 unit area of mucosa 1100:1118 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa increased towards the cloaca, and it was the highest in the distal part of the colon. 26680345 9 63 theme goblet 1426:1431 arg1 cells 1433:1437 goblet cells 1426:1437 goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides 1426:1473 In the caecum, goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides dominate post-hatch, whereas in the colon, goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides predominated. 26680345 4 64 theme large 728:732 arg1 intestine 734:742 the large intestine 724:742 the large intestine 724:742 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 8 65 theme cell 1229:1232 arg1 different 1286:1294 different 1286:1294 different 1286:1294 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 8 65 theme cell 1229:1232 arg1 composition 1234:1244 The qualitative goblet cell composition 1206:1244 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts 1206:1280 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 6 66 theme mixed 1009:1013 arg1 acid 978:981 acid 978:981 acid (AB+) 978:987 The cells contained acid (AB+), neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides. 26680345 6 66 theme mixed 1009:1013 arg1 mucopolysaccharides 1025:1043 neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides 990:1043 mucopolysaccharides 1025:1043 The cells contained acid (AB+), neutral (PAS+) and mixed (AB/PAS+) mucopolysaccharides. 26680345 8 67 theme large 1259:1263 arg1 parts 1276:1280 different large intestinal parts 1249:1280 different large intestinal parts 1249:1280 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 2 68 theme quality 365:371 arg1 composition 373:383 the quality composition 361:383 the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks 361:464 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 7 69 theme large 1080:1084 arg1 intestine 1086:1094 the large intestine 1076:1094 the large intestine 1076:1094 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa increased towards the cloaca, and it was the highest in the distal part of the colon. 26680345 5 70 theme chemical 897:904 arg1 composition 906:916 chemical composition 897:916 the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides 850:939 By using histochemical reactions, the differentiation of goblet cells as well as chemical composition of mucopolysaccharides was carried out. 26680345 2 71 theme changes 416:422 arg1 composition 373:383 the quality composition 361:383 the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks 361:464 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 0 72 theme Cells 44:48 arg1 Characterisation 17:32 Characterisation 17:32 Characterisation 17:32 Distribution and Characterisation of Goblet Cells in the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period. 26680345 0 72 theme Cells 44:48 arg1 Distribution 0:11 Distribution 0:11 Distribution 0:11 Distribution and Characterisation of Goblet Cells in the Large Intestine of Ostriches during the Pre- and Post-Hatch Period. 26680345 1 73 theme intestinal 280:289 arg1 content 291:297 the intestinal content 276:297 the intestinal content 276:297 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 26680345 4 74 theme caecum 772:777 arg1 segments 756:763 the medium segments 745:763 the medium segments of the caecum 745:777 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 4 74 theme caecum 772:777 arg1 parts 800:804 proximal and distal parts 780:804 proximal and distal parts of colon 780:813 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 10 75 theme first 1572:1576 arg1 week 1578:1581 the first week 1568:1581 the first week post-hatch 1568:1592 The most rapid changes in the qualitative goblet cell composition occur during the first week post-hatch when in all the intestinal segments the proportion of cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides continuously increased. 26680345 7 76 theme goblet 1060:1065 arg1 cells 1067:1071 goblet cells 1060:1071 goblet cells in the large intestine 1060:1094 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa increased towards the cloaca, and it was the highest in the distal part of the colon. 26680345 2 77 theme ostrich 451:457 arg1 chicks 459:464 ostrich chicks 451:464 ostrich chicks 451:464 However, information on the quality composition of mucopolysaccharides and its changes in the intestinal tract of ostrich chicks, especially in the large intestinal segments, is unavailable. 26680345 7 78 from number 1050:1055 arg1 intestine 1086:1094 the large intestine 1076:1094 the large intestine 1076:1094 The number of goblet cells in the large intestine per unit area of mucosa increased towards the cloaca, and it was the highest in the distal part of the colon. 26680345 3 79 theme first 647:651 arg1 months 653:658 the first months 643:658 the first months of the post-hatch period 643:683 In the current study, ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes were used shortly before hatching and during the first months of the post-hatch period. 26680345 4 80 theme proximal 780:787 arg1 parts 800:804 proximal and distal parts 780:804 proximal and distal parts of colon 780:813 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 4 80 theme proximal 780:787 arg1 segments 756:763 the medium segments 745:763 the medium segments of the caecum 745:777 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 4 81 theme medium 749:754 arg1 segments 756:763 the medium segments 745:763 the medium segments of the caecum 745:777 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 4 81 theme medium 749:754 arg1 parts 800:804 proximal and distal parts 780:804 proximal and distal parts of colon 780:813 Tissues for histology were taken from the large intestine: the medium segments of the caecum, proximal and distal parts of colon. 26680345 8 82 from composition 1234:1244 arg1 parts 1276:1280 different large intestinal parts 1249:1280 different large intestinal parts 1249:1280 The qualitative goblet cell composition in different large intestinal parts was different in all ages. 26680345 9 83 contain containing 1439:1448 arg1 cells 1433:1437 goblet cells 1426:1437 goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides 1426:1473 In the caecum, goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides dominate post-hatch, whereas in the colon, goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides predominated. 26680345 9 83 contain containing 1439:1448 arg2 mucopolysaccharides 1455:1473 acid mucopolysaccharides 1450:1473 acid mucopolysaccharides 1450:1473 In the caecum, goblet cells containing acid and mixed mucopolysaccharides dominate post-hatch, whereas in the colon, goblet cells containing acid mucopolysaccharides predominated. 26680345 3 84 theme post-hatch 667:676 arg1 period 678:683 the post-hatch period 663:683 the post-hatch period 663:683 In the current study, ostrich embryos/chicks (n = 6/36) of both sexes were used shortly before hatching and during the first months of the post-hatch period. 26680345 1 85 theme barrier 225:231 arg1 formation 199:207 the formation 195:207 the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content 195:297 The role of goblet cell secretion, containing mucopolysaccharides, in the formation of a protective barrier of intestinal mucosa and transportation of the intestinal content has been described quite extensively. 29172112 4 0 theme intervention 710:721 arg1 end 703:705 the end 699:705 the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol 699:752 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 4 1 theme bile 887:890 arg1 excretion 897:905 bile acid excretion 887:905 bile acid excretion 887:905 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 1 2 theme metabolic 252:260 arg1 changes 262:268 metabolic changes 252:268 metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet 252:295 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 4 3 theme serum 724:728 arg1 end 703:705 the end 699:705 the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol 699:752 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 7 4 theme synthesis 1285:1293 arg1 pathways 1295:1302 bile acid synthesis pathways 1275:1302 bile acid synthesis pathways 1275:1302 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 6 5 theme total 1124:1128 arg1 cholesterol 1130:1140 serum total cholesterol 1118:1140 serum total cholesterol 1118:1140 Supplementation with PomX and inulin together resulted in lower hepatic and serum total cholesterol compared to individual treatments. 29172112 9 6 theme liver 1538:1542 arg1 weight 1554:1559 liver and lipid weight 1538:1559 weight 1554:1559 Only PomX in combination with inulin reduced liver and lipid weight significantly compared to the HF/HS control group. 29172112 7 7 theme bile 1275:1278 arg1 pathways 1295:1302 bile acid synthesis pathways 1275:1302 bile acid synthesis pathways 1275:1302 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 1 8 theme polyphenol-rich 167:181 arg1 PomX 204:207 PomX 204:207 PomX 204:207 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 1 8 theme polyphenol-rich 167:181 arg1 extract 195:201 polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract 167:201 polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) 167:208 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 9 9 theme lipid 1548:1552 arg1 weight 1554:1559 liver and lipid weight 1538:1559 weight 1554:1559 Only PomX in combination with inulin reduced liver and lipid weight significantly compared to the HF/HS control group. 29172112 11 10 theme effect 1972:1977 arg1 enhancement 1932:1942 a significant enhancement 1918:1942 a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect 1918:1977 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol by different mechanisms and the combination leading to a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect. 29172112 3 11 theme J 513:513 arg1 mice 515:518 Male C57BL/6 J mice 500:518 Male C57BL/6 J mice 500:518 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 11 12 theme significant 1920:1930 arg1 enhancement 1932:1942 a significant enhancement 1918:1942 a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect 1918:1977 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol by different mechanisms and the combination leading to a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect. 29172112 3 13 theme Male 500:503 arg1 mice 515:518 Male C57BL/6 J mice 500:518 Male C57BL/6 J mice 500:518 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 4 14 theme hepatic 776:782 arg1 expression 789:798 hepatic gene expression 776:798 hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol 776:881 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 9 15 theme HF/HS 1591:1595 arg1 group 1605:1609 the HF/HS control group 1587:1609 the HF/HS control group 1587:1609 Only PomX in combination with inulin reduced liver and lipid weight significantly compared to the HF/HS control group. 29172112 8 16 dep de 1371:1372 arg1 novo 1374:1377 novo 1374:1377 novo 1374:1377 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 5 17 theme RESULTS 924:930 arg1 supplementation 940:954 RESULTS Dietary supplementation 924:954 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin 924:993 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol. 29172112 3 18 theme high-fat/high-sucrose 529:549 arg1 [HF/HS 551:556 high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS 529:556 high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination 529:681 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 4 19 theme hepatic 734:740 arg1 cholesterol 742:752 hepatic cholesterol 734:752 hepatic cholesterol 734:752 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 11 20 theme inulin 1794:1799 arg1 supplementation 1801:1815 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation 1766:1815 supplementation 1801:1815 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol by different mechanisms and the combination leading to a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect. 29172112 11 21 theme serum 1839:1843 arg1 cholesterol 1851:1861 serum total cholesterol 1839:1861 serum total cholesterol 1839:1861 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol by different mechanisms and the combination leading to a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect. 29172112 7 22 theme gene 1219:1222 arg1 expression 1224:1233 gene expression 1219:1233 gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways 1219:1302 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 6 23 theme individual 1154:1163 arg1 treatments 1165:1174 individual treatments 1154:1174 individual treatments 1154:1174 Supplementation with PomX and inulin together resulted in lower hepatic and serum total cholesterol compared to individual treatments. 29172112 3 24 theme % 561:561 arg1 energy 563:568 32% energy 559:568 32% energy from fat 559:577 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 8 25 theme key 1341:1343 arg1 regulators 1345:1354 key regulators 1341:1354 key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr 1341:1404 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 5 26 theme diet 969:972 arg1 supplementation 940:954 RESULTS Dietary supplementation 924:954 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin 924:993 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol. 29172112 1 27 theme animal 142:147 arg1 studies 149:155 animal studies 142:155 animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet 142:295 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 6 28 with Supplementation 1042:1056 arg1 PomX 1063:1066 PomX 1063:1066 PomX 1063:1066 Supplementation with PomX and inulin together resulted in lower hepatic and serum total cholesterol compared to individual treatments. 29172112 6 28 with Supplementation 1042:1056 arg1 inulin 1072:1077 inulin 1072:1077 inulin 1072:1077 Supplementation with PomX and inulin together resulted in lower hepatic and serum total cholesterol compared to individual treatments. 29172112 2 29 theme lipid 466:470 arg1 metabolism 472:481 lipid metabolism 466:481 lipid metabolism 466:481 OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice. 29172112 8 30 theme de 1371:1372 arg1 synthesis 1379:1387 cholesterol de novo synthesis 1359:1387 cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 1359:1394 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 0 31 theme obesogenic 86:95 arg1 diet 97:100 an obesogenic diet 83:100 an obesogenic diet 83:100 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary pomegranate extract and inulin in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 29172112 9 32 from PomX 1498:1501 arg1 combination 1506:1516 combination 1506:1516 combination with inulin 1506:1528 Only PomX in combination with inulin reduced liver and lipid weight significantly compared to the HF/HS control group. 29172112 4 33 theme key 803:805 arg1 regulators 807:816 key regulators 803:816 key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol 803:881 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 8 34 theme synthesis 1379:1387 arg1 Srebf2 1389:1394 cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 1359:1394 cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 1359:1394 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 4 35 theme fecal 865:869 arg1 cholesterol 871:881 fecal cholesterol 865:881 fecal cholesterol 865:881 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 0 36 theme Cholesterol-lowering 0:19 arg1 effects 21:27 Cholesterol-lowering effects 0:27 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary pomegranate extract 0:58 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary pomegranate extract and inulin in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 29172112 5 37 theme serum 1017:1021 arg1 cholesterol 1029:1039 serum total cholesterol 1017:1039 serum total cholesterol 1017:1039 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol. 29172112 7 38 theme HF/HS 1189:1193 arg1 control 1195:1201 HF/HS control 1189:1201 HF/HS control 1189:1201 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 11 39 theme Dietary 1777:1783 arg1 PomX 1785:1788 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation 1766:1815 PomX 1785:1788 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol by different mechanisms and the combination leading to a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect. 29172112 1 40 theme high-fat 283:290 arg1 diet 292:295 a high-fat diet 281:295 a high-fat diet 281:295 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 4 41 theme metabolism 843:852 arg1 regulators 807:816 key regulators 803:816 key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol 803:881 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 2 42 theme PomX 394:397 arg1 effect 384:389 the effect 380:389 the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice 380:489 OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice. 29172112 0 43 theme pomegranate 40:50 arg1 extract 52:58 dietary pomegranate extract 32:58 dietary pomegranate extract 32:58 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary pomegranate extract and inulin in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 29172112 10 44 theme PomX-inulin 1692:1702 arg1 combination 1704:1714 inulin or PomX-inulin combination 1682:1714 combination 1704:1714 PomX showed a trend to decrease liver triglyceride (TG) levels, while inulin or PomX-inulin combination had no effect on either serum or liver TG levels. 29172112 2 45 from effect 384:389 arg1 cholesterol 450:460 cholesterol 450:460 cholesterol 450:460 OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice. 29172112 2 45 from effect 384:389 arg1 metabolism 472:481 lipid metabolism 466:481 lipid metabolism 466:481 OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice. 29172112 8 46 theme total 1455:1459 arg1 acids 1466:1470 total bile acids 1455:1470 total bile acids 1455:1470 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 3 47 dep energy 563:568 arg1 energy 584:589 25% energy 580:589 25% energy from sucrose 580:602 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 9 48 theme Only 1493:1496 arg1 PomX 1498:1501 Only PomX 1493:1501 Only PomX in combination with inulin 1493:1528 Only PomX in combination with inulin reduced liver and lipid weight significantly compared to the HF/HS control group. 29172112 10 49 contain had 1716:1718 arg1 combination 1704:1714 inulin or PomX-inulin combination 1682:1714 combination 1704:1714 PomX showed a trend to decrease liver triglyceride (TG) levels, while inulin or PomX-inulin combination had no effect on either serum or liver TG levels. 29172112 10 49 contain had 1716:1718 arg2 effect 1723:1728 no effect 1720:1728 no effect 1720:1728 PomX showed a trend to decrease liver triglyceride (TG) levels, while inulin or PomX-inulin combination had no effect on either serum or liver TG levels. 29172112 2 50 from metabolism 472:481 arg1 mice 486:489 mice 486:489 mice 486:489 OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice. 29172112 3 51 theme % 582:582 arg1 energy 584:589 25% energy 580:589 25% energy from sucrose 580:602 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 4 52 theme acid 892:895 arg1 excretion 897:905 bile acid excretion 887:905 bile acid excretion 887:905 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 8 53 theme neutral 1476:1482 arg1 sterols 1484:1490 neutral sterols 1476:1490 neutral sterols 1476:1490 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 10 54 theme TG 1755:1756 arg1 levels 1758:1763 TG levels 1755:1763 TG levels 1755:1763 PomX showed a trend to decrease liver triglyceride (TG) levels, while inulin or PomX-inulin combination had no effect on either serum or liver TG levels. 29172112 9 55 with combination 1506:1516 arg1 inulin 1523:1528 inulin 1523:1528 inulin 1523:1528 Only PomX in combination with inulin reduced liver and lipid weight significantly compared to the HF/HS control group. 29172112 11 56 theme different 1866:1874 arg1 mechanisms 1876:1885 different mechanisms 1866:1885 different mechanisms 1866:1885 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol by different mechanisms and the combination leading to a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect. 29172112 10 57 theme triglyceride 1650:1661 arg1 levels 1668:1673 liver triglyceride (TG) levels 1644:1673 liver triglyceride (TG) levels 1644:1673 PomX showed a trend to decrease liver triglyceride (TG) levels, while inulin or PomX-inulin combination had no effect on either serum or liver TG levels. 29172112 7 58 theme pathways 1295:1302 arg1 regulators 1261:1270 key regulators 1257:1270 key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways 1257:1302 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 7 58 theme pathways 1295:1302 arg1 Cyp7a1 1238:1243 Cyp7a1 1238:1243 Cyp7a1 1238:1243 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 3 59 from fat 575:577 arg1 energy 563:568 32% energy 559:568 32% energy from fat 559:577 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 6 60 theme serum 1118:1122 arg1 cholesterol 1130:1140 serum total cholesterol 1118:1140 serum total cholesterol 1118:1140 Supplementation with PomX and inulin together resulted in lower hepatic and serum total cholesterol compared to individual treatments. 29172112 7 61 theme acid 1280:1283 arg1 pathways 1295:1302 bile acid synthesis pathways 1275:1302 bile acid synthesis pathways 1275:1302 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 3 62 theme C57BL/6 505:511 arg1 mice 515:518 Male C57BL/6 J mice 500:518 Male C57BL/6 J mice 500:518 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 1 63 theme pomegranate 183:193 arg1 PomX 204:207 PomX 204:207 PomX 204:207 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 1 63 theme pomegranate 183:193 arg1 extract 195:201 polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract 167:201 polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) 167:208 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 3 64 dep [HF/HS 551:556 arg1 energy 563:568 32% energy 559:568 32% energy from fat 559:577 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 10 65 theme liver 1644:1648 arg1 TG 1664:1665 TG 1664:1665 TG 1664:1665 PomX showed a trend to decrease liver triglyceride (TG) levels, while inulin or PomX-inulin combination had no effect on either serum or liver TG levels. 29172112 10 65 theme liver 1644:1648 arg1 triglyceride 1650:1661 liver triglyceride 1644:1661 liver triglyceride (TG) levels 1644:1673 PomX showed a trend to decrease liver triglyceride (TG) levels, while inulin or PomX-inulin combination had no effect on either serum or liver TG levels. 29172112 4 66 theme triglyceride 755:766 arg1 levels 768:773 triglyceride levels 755:773 triglyceride levels 755:773 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 7 67 theme key 1257:1259 arg1 regulators 1261:1270 key regulators 1257:1270 key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways 1257:1302 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 7 67 theme key 1257:1259 arg1 Cyp7a1 1238:1243 Cyp7a1 1238:1243 Cyp7a1 1238:1243 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 3 68 from sucrose 596:602 arg1 energy 584:589 25% energy 580:589 25% energy from sucrose 580:602 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 11 69 theme cholesterol-lowering 1951:1970 arg1 effect 1972:1977 the cholesterol-lowering effect 1947:1977 the cholesterol-lowering effect 1947:1977 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol by different mechanisms and the combination leading to a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect. 29172112 8 70 theme gene 1322:1325 arg1 expression 1327:1336 gene expression 1322:1336 gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr 1322:1404 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 7 71 theme Cyp7b1 1249:1254 arg1 expression 1224:1233 gene expression 1219:1233 gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways 1219:1302 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 5 72 theme Dietary 932:938 arg1 supplementation 940:954 RESULTS Dietary supplementation 924:954 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin 924:993 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol. 29172112 9 73 theme control 1597:1603 arg1 group 1605:1609 the HF/HS control group 1587:1609 the HF/HS control group 1587:1609 Only PomX in combination with inulin reduced liver and lipid weight significantly compared to the HF/HS control group. 29172112 2 74 from cholesterol 450:460 arg1 mice 486:489 mice 486:489 mice 486:489 OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice. 29172112 7 75 theme Cyp7a1 1238:1243 arg1 expression 1224:1233 gene expression 1219:1233 gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways 1219:1302 Compared to HF/HS control, PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways. 29172112 3 76 theme 32 559:560 arg1 % 561:561 % 561:561 % 561:561 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 4 77 theme cholesterol 742:752 arg1 end 703:705 the end 699:705 the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol 699:752 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 8 78 theme regulators 1345:1354 arg1 expression 1327:1336 gene expression 1322:1336 gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr 1322:1404 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 10 79 theme inulin 1682:1687 arg1 combination 1704:1714 inulin or PomX-inulin combination 1682:1714 combination 1704:1714 PomX showed a trend to decrease liver triglyceride (TG) levels, while inulin or PomX-inulin combination had no effect on either serum or liver TG levels. 29172112 5 80 with supplementation 940:954 arg1 inulin 988:993 inulin 988:993 inulin 988:993 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol. 29172112 5 80 with supplementation 940:954 arg1 PomX 979:982 PomX 979:982 PomX 979:982 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol. 29172112 3 81 theme [HF/HS 551:556 arg1 diets 606:610 high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets 529:610 high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination 529:681 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 3 82 dep METHODS 492:498 arg1 fed 525:527 fed 525:527 were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks 520:693 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 4 83 theme regulators 807:816 arg1 excretion 897:905 bile acid excretion 887:905 bile acid excretion 887:905 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 4 83 theme regulators 807:816 arg1 levels 768:773 triglyceride levels 755:773 triglyceride levels 755:773 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 4 83 theme regulators 807:816 arg1 expression 789:798 hepatic gene expression 776:798 hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol 776:881 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 8 84 theme cholesterol 1359:1369 arg1 synthesis 1379:1387 cholesterol de novo synthesis 1359:1387 cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 1359:1394 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 8 85 theme acids 1466:1470 arg1 elimination 1440:1450 fecal elimination 1434:1450 fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols 1434:1490 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 1 86 dep BACKGROUND 103:112 arg1 known 312:316 known 312:316 is known about the specific mechanisms 309:346 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 1 86 dep BACKGROUND 103:112 arg1 demonstrated 126:137 demonstrated 126:137 has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet 117:295 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 8 87 theme Srebf2 1389:1394 arg1 regulators 1345:1354 key regulators 1341:1354 key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr 1341:1404 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 4 88 theme cholesterol 821:831 arg1 regulators 807:816 key regulators 803:816 key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol 803:881 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 0 89 from effects 21:27 arg1 mice 74:77 mice 74:77 mice 74:77 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary pomegranate extract and inulin in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 29172112 1 90 theme specific 328:335 arg1 mechanisms 337:346 the specific mechanisms 324:346 the specific mechanisms 324:346 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 4 91 theme gene 784:787 arg1 expression 789:798 hepatic gene expression 776:798 hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol 776:881 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 0 92 from inulin 64:69 arg1 mice 74:77 mice 74:77 mice 74:77 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary pomegranate extract and inulin in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 29172112 8 93 theme Hmgcr 1400:1404 arg1 regulators 1345:1354 key regulators 1341:1354 key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr 1341:1404 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 2 94 dep OBJECTIVE 349:357 arg1 evaluated 370:378 evaluated 370:378 evaluated the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice 370:489 OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice. 29172112 5 95 theme HF/HS 963:967 arg1 diet 969:972 the HF/HS diet 959:972 the HF/HS diet 959:972 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol. 29172112 0 96 theme dietary 32:38 arg1 extract 52:58 dietary pomegranate extract 32:58 dietary pomegranate extract 32:58 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary pomegranate extract and inulin in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 29172112 5 97 theme total 1023:1027 arg1 cholesterol 1029:1039 serum total cholesterol 1017:1039 serum total cholesterol 1017:1039 RESULTS Dietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol. 29172112 4 98 theme cholesterol 871:881 arg1 regulators 807:816 key regulators 803:816 key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol 803:881 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 8 99 theme fecal 1434:1438 arg1 elimination 1440:1450 fecal elimination 1434:1450 fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols 1434:1490 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 0 100 theme extract 52:58 arg1 effects 21:27 Cholesterol-lowering effects 0:27 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary pomegranate extract 0:58 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary pomegranate extract and inulin in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 29172112 0 100 theme extract 52:58 arg1 inulin 64:69 inulin 64:69 inulin in mice 64:77 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary pomegranate extract and inulin in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 29172112 4 101 theme lipid 837:841 arg1 metabolism 843:852 lipid metabolism 837:852 lipid metabolism 837:852 At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined. 29172112 10 102 dep serum 1740:1744 arg1 levels 1758:1763 TG levels 1755:1763 TG levels 1755:1763 PomX showed a trend to decrease liver triglyceride (TG) levels, while inulin or PomX-inulin combination had no effect on either serum or liver TG levels. 29172112 11 103 theme CONCLUSION 1766:1775 arg1 PomX 1785:1788 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation 1766:1815 PomX 1785:1788 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol by different mechanisms and the combination leading to a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect. 29172112 8 104 theme bile 1461:1464 arg1 acids 1466:1470 total bile acids 1455:1470 total bile acids 1455:1470 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 3 105 theme 25 580:581 arg1 % 582:582 % 582:582 % 582:582 METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. 29172112 11 106 theme total 1845:1849 arg1 cholesterol 1851:1861 serum total cholesterol 1839:1861 serum total cholesterol 1839:1861 CONCLUSION Dietary PomX and inulin supplementation decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol by different mechanisms and the combination leading to a significant enhancement of the cholesterol-lowering effect. 29172112 1 107 theme polysaccharide 218:231 arg1 inulin 233:238 the polysaccharide inulin 214:238 the polysaccharide inulin 214:238 BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the polysaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. 29172112 8 108 theme sterols 1484:1490 arg1 elimination 1440:1450 fecal elimination 1434:1450 fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols 1434:1490 Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr and significantly increased fecal elimination of total bile acids and neutral sterols. 29172112 2 109 theme inulin 411:416 arg1 effect 384:389 the effect 380:389 the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice 380:489 OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (9%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice. 28056409 15 0 theme biomolecules 1897:1908 arg1 bands 1888:1892 the specific bands 1875:1892 the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1875:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 2 1 theme anti-diabetic 361:373 arg1 drugs 375:379 anti-diabetic drugs 361:379 anti-diabetic drugs 361:379 There are different classes of anti-diabetic drugs in allopathic system of medicine. 28056409 4 2 theme metabolic 601:609 arg1 system 621:626 the primary metabolic transport system 589:626 the primary metabolic transport system in the body 589:638 Almost in all diseases the blood serves as the primary metabolic transport system in the body. 28056409 4 2 theme metabolic 601:609 arg1 blood 573:577 the blood 569:577 the blood 569:577 Almost in all diseases the blood serves as the primary metabolic transport system in the body. 28056409 11 3 theme diabetic 1389:1396 arg1 subjects 1398:1405 the diabetic subjects 1385:1405 the diabetic subjects before medication 1385:1423 The hair samples of the diabetic subjects before medication were taken as pre-treatment samples. 28056409 1 4 theme proteins 261:268 arg1 metabolism 232:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism 210:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications 210:327 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 9 5 theme metformin 1167:1175 arg1 hydrochloride 1177:1189 metformin hydrochloride 1167:1189 metformin hydrochloride 1167:1189 In the present study, ten diabetic subjects were considered to evaluate the efficacy of metformin hydrochloride for the treatment of diabetes mellitus using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. 28056409 1 6 theme insulin 173:179 arg1 deficiency 181:190 insulin deficiency 173:190 insulin deficiency 173:190 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 15 7 theme present 1910:1916 arg1 biomolecules 1897:1908 biomolecules 1897:1908 biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1897:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 8 theme specific 1879:1886 arg1 bands 1888:1892 the specific bands 1875:1892 the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1875:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 14 9 theme comparative 1710:1720 arg1 study 1722:1726 A comparative study 1708:1726 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects 1708:1825 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects has been made. 28056409 3 10 theme dependent 517:525 arg1 mellitus 536:543 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 505:543 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 505:543 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 6 11 used used 812:815 arg2 hair 798:801 hair 798:801 hair 798:801 Instead of analyzing blood to diagnose diabetes, hair could be used to detect diabetes using FTIR-ATR technique. 28056409 16 12 theme post-treatment 2113:2126 arg1 samples 2133:2139 pre- and post-treatment hair samples 2104:2139 pre- and post-treatment hair samples 2104:2139 It was observed that, these biomarkers are significantly different between pre- and post-treatment hair samples. 28056409 14 13 dep along 1795:1799 arg1 with 1801:1804 with 1801:1804 with 1801:1804 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects has been made. 28056409 9 14 theme diabetes 1212:1219 arg1 mellitus 1221:1228 diabetes mellitus 1212:1228 diabetes mellitus using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy 1212:1256 In the present study, ten diabetic subjects were considered to evaluate the efficacy of metformin hydrochloride for the treatment of diabetes mellitus using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. 28056409 1 15 theme altered 224:230 arg1 metabolism 232:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism 210:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications 210:327 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 1 16 theme chronic 130:136 arg1 disorder 148:155 chronic metabolic disorder 130:155 chronic metabolic disorder 130:155 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 15 17 attach present 1910:1916 arg2 biomolecules 1897:1908 biomolecules 1897:1908 biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1897:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 17 attach present 1910:1916 arg1 protein 1944:1950 protein 1944:1950 protein 1944:1950 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 17 attach present 1910:1916 arg1 viz. 1938:1941 viz. 1938:1941 viz. 1938:1941 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 17 attach present 1910:1916 arg1 glucose 1964:1970 glucose 1964:1970 glucose 1964:1970 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 17 attach present 1910:1916 arg1 samples 1930:1936 the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose 1921:1970 the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1921:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 14 18 theme healthy 1810:1816 arg1 subjects 1818:1825 the healthy subjects 1806:1825 patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects 1760:1825 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects has been made. 28056409 0 19 from Efficacy 0:7 arg1 hair 38:41 human single hair 25:41 human single hair 25:41 Efficacy of metformin in human single hair fibre by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with statistical analysis. 28056409 15 20 theme hair 1925:1928 arg1 samples 1930:1936 the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose 1921:1970 the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1921:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 20 theme hair 1925:1928 arg1 protein 1944:1950 protein 1944:1950 protein 1944:1950 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 20 theme hair 1925:1928 arg1 viz. 1938:1941 viz. 1938:1941 viz. 1938:1941 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 20 theme hair 1925:1928 arg1 glucose 1964:1970 glucose 1964:1970 glucose 1964:1970 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 14 21 dep patients 1760:1767 arg1 post-treatment 1779:1792 post-treatment 1779:1792 post-treatment 1779:1792 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects has been made. 28056409 14 21 dep patients 1760:1767 arg1 pre- 1770:1773 pre- 1770:1773 pre- 1770:1773 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects has been made. 28056409 14 22 from study 1722:1726 arg1 spectra 1749:1755 the FTIR-ATR hair spectra 1731:1755 the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects 1731:1825 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects has been made. 28056409 17 23 used used 2255:2258 arg2 R1=I1635/1450 2173:2185 R1=I1635/1450 2173:2185 R1=I1635/1450 2173:2185 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 17 23 used used 2255:2258 arg2 parameters 2274:2283 diagnostic parameters 2263:2283 diagnostic parameters 2263:2283 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 17 23 used used 2255:2258 arg2 R4=I1255/1450 2218:2230 R4=I1255/1450 2218:2230 R4=I1255/1450 2218:2230 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 17 23 used used 2255:2258 arg2 R5=I1015/1450 2236:2248 R5=I1015/1450 2236:2248 R5=I1015/1450 2236:2248 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 17 23 used used 2255:2258 arg2 Some 2142:2145 Some 2142:2145 Some 2142:2145 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 17 23 used used 2255:2258 arg2 biomarkers 2154:2163 the biomarkers 2150:2163 the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 2150:2248 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 17 23 used used 2255:2258 arg2 R2=I1540/1450 2188:2200 R2=I1540/1450 2188:2200 R2=I1540/1450 2188:2200 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 17 23 used used 2255:2258 arg2 R3=I2885/1450 2203:2215 R3=I2885/1450 2203:2215 R3=I2885/1450 2203:2215 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 13 24 theme hair 1688:1691 arg1 samples 1699:1705 pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples 1664:1705 pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples 1664:1705 Some remarkable spectral differences were elucidated between pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples. 28056409 15 25 dep samples 1930:1936 arg1 lipids 1953:1958 lipids 1953:1958 lipids 1953:1958 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 25 dep samples 1930:1936 arg1 samples 1930:1936 the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose 1921:1970 the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1921:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 25 dep samples 1930:1936 arg1 protein 1944:1950 protein 1944:1950 protein 1944:1950 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 25 dep samples 1930:1936 arg1 viz. 1938:1941 viz. 1938:1941 viz. 1938:1941 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 25 dep samples 1930:1936 arg1 glucose 1964:1970 glucose 1964:1970 glucose 1964:1970 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 10 26 theme samples 1294:1300 arg1 spectra 1263:1269 The spectra 1259:1269 The spectra of diabetic hair fibre samples 1259:1300 The spectra of diabetic hair fibre samples have been recorded in the mid infrared region of 4000-450cm-1. 28056409 0 27 theme metformin 12:20 arg1 Efficacy 0:7 Efficacy 0:7 Efficacy of metformin in human single hair 0:41 Efficacy of metformin in human single hair fibre by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with statistical analysis. 28056409 1 28 theme risk 298:301 arg1 metabolism 232:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism 210:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications 210:327 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 8 29 theme rich 1050:1053 arg1 system 1071:1076 rich blood capillary system 1050:1076 rich blood capillary system 1050:1076 Hair follicles are located 3-4mm below the surface of the skin and are surrounded by rich blood capillary system. 28056409 12 30 theme diabetic 1482:1489 arg1 subjects 1491:1498 diabetic subjects 1482:1498 diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month 1482:1564 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month were taken as post-treatment sample. 28056409 10 31 theme hair 1283:1286 arg1 samples 1294:1300 diabetic hair fibre samples 1274:1300 diabetic hair fibre samples 1274:1300 The spectra of diabetic hair fibre samples have been recorded in the mid infrared region of 4000-450cm-1. 28056409 3 32 theme dimethyl 426:433 arg1 Metformin 415:423 Metformin 415:423 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) 415:444 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 3 32 theme dimethyl 426:433 arg1 biguanide 435:443 dimethyl biguanide 426:443 dimethyl biguanide 426:443 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 18 33 theme dependent 2412:2420 arg1 t-test 2422:2427 the dependent t-test 2408:2427 the dependent t-test 2408:2427 The results are further validated with statistical analysis by applying the dependent t-test, which indicated that the spectral variations are statistically significant. 28056409 9 34 theme present 1086:1092 arg1 study 1094:1098 the present study 1082:1098 the present study 1082:1098 In the present study, ten diabetic subjects were considered to evaluate the efficacy of metformin hydrochloride for the treatment of diabetes mellitus using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. 28056409 3 35 theme glucose 457:463 arg1 agent 474:478 a blood glucose lowering agent 449:478 a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 449:543 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 3 35 theme glucose 457:463 arg1 Metformin 415:423 Metformin 415:423 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) 415:444 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 0 36 theme human 25:29 arg1 hair 38:41 human single hair 25:41 human single hair 25:41 Efficacy of metformin in human single hair fibre by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with statistical analysis. 28056409 1 37 theme vascular 306:313 arg1 complications 315:327 vascular complications 306:327 vascular complications 306:327 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 8 38 theme capillary 1061:1069 arg1 system 1071:1076 rich blood capillary system 1050:1076 rich blood capillary system 1050:1076 Hair follicles are located 3-4mm below the surface of the skin and are surrounded by rich blood capillary system. 28056409 13 39 theme spectral 1619:1626 arg1 differences 1628:1638 Some remarkable spectral differences 1603:1638 Some remarkable spectral differences 1603:1638 Some remarkable spectral differences were elucidated between pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples. 28056409 9 40 theme diabetic 1105:1112 arg1 subjects 1114:1121 ten diabetic subjects 1101:1121 ten diabetic subjects 1101:1121 In the present study, ten diabetic subjects were considered to evaluate the efficacy of metformin hydrochloride for the treatment of diabetes mellitus using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. 28056409 2 41 theme different 340:348 arg1 classes 350:356 different classes 340:356 different classes of anti-diabetic drugs 340:379 There are different classes of anti-diabetic drugs in allopathic system of medicine. 28056409 14 42 theme patients 1760:1767 arg1 spectra 1749:1755 the FTIR-ATR hair spectra 1731:1755 the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects 1731:1825 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects has been made. 28056409 4 43 theme transport 611:619 arg1 system 621:626 the primary metabolic transport system 589:626 the primary metabolic transport system in the body 589:638 Almost in all diseases the blood serves as the primary metabolic transport system in the body. 28056409 4 43 theme transport 611:619 arg1 blood 573:577 the blood 569:577 the blood 569:577 Almost in all diseases the blood serves as the primary metabolic transport system in the body. 28056409 3 44 theme diabetes 527:534 arg1 mellitus 536:543 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 505:543 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 505:543 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 1 45 theme carbohydrates 246:258 arg1 metabolism 232:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism 210:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications 210:327 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 10 46 theme mid 1328:1330 arg1 region 1341:1346 the mid infrared region 1324:1346 the mid infrared region of 4000-450cm-1 1324:1362 The spectra of diabetic hair fibre samples have been recorded in the mid infrared region of 4000-450cm-1. 28056409 2 47 theme drugs 375:379 arg1 classes 350:356 different classes 340:356 different classes of anti-diabetic drugs 340:379 There are different classes of anti-diabetic drugs in allopathic system of medicine. 28056409 14 48 theme FTIR-ATR 1735:1742 arg1 spectra 1749:1755 the FTIR-ATR hair spectra 1731:1755 the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects 1731:1825 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects has been made. 28056409 8 49 theme Hair 965:968 arg1 follicles 970:978 Hair follicles 965:978 Hair follicles 965:978 Hair follicles are located 3-4mm below the surface of the skin and are surrounded by rich blood capillary system. 28056409 15 50 dep subjects 2009:2016 arg1 both 1976:1979 both 1976:1979 both 1976:1979 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 5 51 theme preferred 664:672 arg1 composition 645:655 Its composition 641:655 Its composition 641:655 Its composition is the preferred indicator with respect to the pathophysiological condition of the patient. 28056409 5 51 theme preferred 664:672 arg1 indicator 674:682 the preferred indicator 660:682 the preferred indicator with respect to the pathophysiological condition of the patient 660:746 Its composition is the preferred indicator with respect to the pathophysiological condition of the patient. 28056409 1 52 theme lipids 274:279 arg1 metabolism 232:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism 210:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications 210:327 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 4 53 theme primary 593:599 arg1 system 621:626 the primary metabolic transport system 589:626 the primary metabolic transport system in the body 589:638 Almost in all diseases the blood serves as the primary metabolic transport system in the body. 28056409 4 53 theme primary 593:599 arg1 blood 573:577 the blood 569:577 the blood 569:577 Almost in all diseases the blood serves as the primary metabolic transport system in the body. 28056409 10 54 theme 4000-450cm-1 1351:1362 arg1 region 1341:1346 the mid infrared region 1324:1346 the mid infrared region of 4000-450cm-1 1324:1362 The spectra of diabetic hair fibre samples have been recorded in the mid infrared region of 4000-450cm-1. 28056409 7 55 theme important 871:879 arg1 proteins 912:919 fibrous proteins 904:919 fibrous proteins (keratins) 904:930 The most important components of hair are fibrous proteins (keratins), melanins, glycogen, and lipids. 28056409 7 55 theme important 871:879 arg1 components 881:890 The most important components 862:890 The most important components of hair 862:898 The most important components of hair are fibrous proteins (keratins), melanins, glycogen, and lipids. 28056409 9 56 theme hydrochloride 1177:1189 arg1 efficacy 1155:1162 the efficacy 1151:1162 the efficacy of metformin hydrochloride for the treatment of diabetes mellitus using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy 1151:1256 In the present study, ten diabetic subjects were considered to evaluate the efficacy of metformin hydrochloride for the treatment of diabetes mellitus using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. 28056409 12 57 theme post-treatment 1580:1593 arg1 samples 1471:1477 The hair samples 1462:1477 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month 1462:1564 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month were taken as post-treatment sample. 28056409 12 57 theme post-treatment 1580:1593 arg1 sample 1595:1600 post-treatment sample 1580:1600 post-treatment sample 1580:1600 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month were taken as post-treatment sample. 28056409 15 58 from present 1910:1916 arg1 samples 1930:1936 the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose 1921:1970 the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1921:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 58 from present 1910:1916 arg1 protein 1944:1950 protein 1944:1950 protein 1944:1950 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 58 from present 1910:1916 arg1 viz. 1938:1941 viz. 1938:1941 viz. 1938:1941 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 15 58 from present 1910:1916 arg1 glucose 1964:1970 glucose 1964:1970 glucose 1964:1970 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 5 59 theme pathophysiological 704:721 arg1 condition 723:731 the pathophysiological condition 700:731 the pathophysiological condition of the patient 700:746 Its composition is the preferred indicator with respect to the pathophysiological condition of the patient. 28056409 18 60 theme statistical 2375:2385 arg1 analysis 2387:2394 statistical analysis 2375:2394 statistical analysis 2375:2394 The results are further validated with statistical analysis by applying the dependent t-test, which indicated that the spectral variations are statistically significant. 28056409 15 61 theme some 1867:1870 arg1 values 1857:1862 The absorption values 1842:1862 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1842:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 1 62 theme hyperglycemia 210:222 arg1 metabolism 232:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism 210:241 hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications 210:327 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 12 63 theme month 1560:1564 arg1 period 1544:1549 a period 1542:1549 a period of three month 1542:1564 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month were taken as post-treatment sample. 28056409 17 64 theme diagnostic 2263:2272 arg1 biomarkers 2154:2163 the biomarkers 2150:2163 the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 2150:2248 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 17 64 theme diagnostic 2263:2272 arg1 Some 2142:2145 Some 2142:2145 Some 2142:2145 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 17 64 theme diagnostic 2263:2272 arg1 parameters 2274:2283 diagnostic parameters 2263:2283 diagnostic parameters 2263:2283 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 5 65 theme patient 740:746 arg1 condition 723:731 the pathophysiological condition 700:731 the pathophysiological condition of the patient 700:746 Its composition is the preferred indicator with respect to the pathophysiological condition of the patient. 28056409 9 66 theme mellitus 1221:1228 arg1 treatment 1199:1207 the treatment 1195:1207 the treatment of diabetes mellitus using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy 1195:1256 In the present study, ten diabetic subjects were considered to evaluate the efficacy of metformin hydrochloride for the treatment of diabetes mellitus using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. 28056409 1 67 theme Diabetes 109:116 arg1 mellitus 118:125 Diabetes mellitus 109:125 Diabetes mellitus 109:125 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 9 68 theme FTIR-ATR 1236:1243 arg1 spectroscopy 1245:1256 FTIR-ATR spectroscopy 1236:1256 FTIR-ATR spectroscopy 1236:1256 In the present study, ten diabetic subjects were considered to evaluate the efficacy of metformin hydrochloride for the treatment of diabetes mellitus using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. 28056409 0 69 theme ATR-FTIR 52:59 arg1 spectroscopy 61:72 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy 52:72 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with statistical analysis 52:106 Efficacy of metformin in human single hair fibre by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with statistical analysis. 28056409 1 70 theme metabolic 138:146 arg1 disorder 148:155 chronic metabolic disorder 130:155 chronic metabolic disorder 130:155 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 16 71 theme pre- 2104:2107 arg1 samples 2133:2139 pre- and post-treatment hair samples 2104:2139 pre- and post-treatment hair samples 2104:2139 It was observed that, these biomarkers are significantly different between pre- and post-treatment hair samples. 28056409 4 72 from system 621:626 arg1 body 635:638 the body 631:638 the body 631:638 Almost in all diseases the blood serves as the primary metabolic transport system in the body. 28056409 15 73 theme absorption 1846:1855 arg1 values 1857:1862 The absorption values 1842:1862 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1842:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 14 74 theme subjects 1818:1825 arg1 spectra 1749:1755 the FTIR-ATR hair spectra 1731:1755 the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects 1731:1825 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects has been made. 28056409 0 75 theme statistical 87:97 arg1 analysis 99:106 statistical analysis 87:106 statistical analysis 87:106 Efficacy of metformin in human single hair fibre by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with statistical analysis. 28056409 8 76 theme skin 1023:1026 arg1 surface 1008:1014 the surface 1004:1014 the surface of the skin 1004:1026 Hair follicles are located 3-4mm below the surface of the skin and are surrounded by rich blood capillary system. 28056409 18 77 theme spectral 2455:2462 arg1 variations 2464:2473 the spectral variations 2451:2473 the spectral variations 2451:2473 The results are further validated with statistical analysis by applying the dependent t-test, which indicated that the spectral variations are statistically significant. 28056409 18 77 theme spectral 2455:2462 arg1 significant 2493:2503 significant 2493:2503 significant 2493:2503 The results are further validated with statistical analysis by applying the dependent t-test, which indicated that the spectral variations are statistically significant. 28056409 10 78 theme diabetic 1274:1281 arg1 samples 1294:1300 diabetic hair fibre samples 1274:1300 diabetic hair fibre samples 1274:1300 The spectra of diabetic hair fibre samples have been recorded in the mid infrared region of 4000-450cm-1. 28056409 13 79 theme post-treatment 1673:1686 arg1 samples 1699:1705 pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples 1664:1705 pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples 1664:1705 Some remarkable spectral differences were elucidated between pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples. 28056409 15 80 from samples 1930:1936 arg1 present 1910:1916 present 1910:1916 present 1910:1916 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 11 81 theme subjects 1398:1405 arg1 samples 1374:1380 The hair samples 1365:1380 The hair samples of the diabetic subjects before medication 1365:1423 The hair samples of the diabetic subjects before medication were taken as pre-treatment samples. 28056409 11 81 theme subjects 1398:1405 arg1 samples 1453:1459 pre-treatment samples 1439:1459 pre-treatment samples 1439:1459 The hair samples of the diabetic subjects before medication were taken as pre-treatment samples. 28056409 3 82 theme blood 451:455 arg1 agent 474:478 a blood glucose lowering agent 449:478 a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 449:543 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 3 82 theme blood 451:455 arg1 Metformin 415:423 Metformin 415:423 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) 415:444 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 15 83 theme post-treatment 1994:2007 arg1 subjects 2009:2016 both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1976:2016 subjects 2009:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 13 84 theme fibre 1693:1697 arg1 samples 1699:1705 pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples 1664:1705 pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples 1664:1705 Some remarkable spectral differences were elucidated between pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples. 28056409 11 85 theme pre-treatment 1439:1451 arg1 samples 1374:1380 The hair samples 1365:1380 The hair samples of the diabetic subjects before medication 1365:1423 The hair samples of the diabetic subjects before medication were taken as pre-treatment samples. 28056409 11 85 theme pre-treatment 1439:1451 arg1 samples 1453:1459 pre-treatment samples 1439:1459 pre-treatment samples 1439:1459 The hair samples of the diabetic subjects before medication were taken as pre-treatment samples. 28056409 1 86 theme increased 288:296 arg1 risk 298:301 an increased risk 285:301 an increased risk of vascular complications 285:327 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 8 87 theme blood 1055:1059 arg1 system 1071:1076 rich blood capillary system 1050:1076 rich blood capillary system 1050:1076 Hair follicles are located 3-4mm below the surface of the skin and are surrounded by rich blood capillary system. 28056409 15 88 theme pre- 1985:1988 arg1 subjects 2009:2016 both the pre- and post-treatment subjects 1976:2016 subjects 2009:2016 The absorption values of some of the specific bands of biomolecules present in the hair samples viz., protein, lipids and glucose for both the pre- and post-treatment subjects are noted. 28056409 10 89 theme fibre 1288:1292 arg1 samples 1294:1300 diabetic hair fibre samples 1274:1300 diabetic hair fibre samples 1274:1300 The spectra of diabetic hair fibre samples have been recorded in the mid infrared region of 4000-450cm-1. 28056409 2 90 theme allopathic 384:393 arg1 system 395:400 allopathic system 384:400 allopathic system of medicine 384:412 There are different classes of anti-diabetic drugs in allopathic system of medicine. 28056409 0 91 theme single 31:36 arg1 hair 38:41 human single hair 25:41 human single hair 25:41 Efficacy of metformin in human single hair fibre by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with statistical analysis. 28056409 13 92 theme pre- 1664:1667 arg1 samples 1699:1705 pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples 1664:1705 pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples 1664:1705 Some remarkable spectral differences were elucidated between pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples. 28056409 3 93 theme lowering 465:472 arg1 agent 474:478 a blood glucose lowering agent 449:478 a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 449:543 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 3 93 theme lowering 465:472 arg1 Metformin 415:423 Metformin 415:423 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) 415:444 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 16 94 theme hair 2128:2131 arg1 samples 2133:2139 pre- and post-treatment hair samples 2104:2139 pre- and post-treatment hair samples 2104:2139 It was observed that, these biomarkers are significantly different between pre- and post-treatment hair samples. 28056409 1 95 theme complications 315:327 arg1 carbohydrates 246:258 carbohydrates 246:258 carbohydrates 246:258 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 1 95 theme complications 315:327 arg1 risk 298:301 an increased risk 285:301 an increased risk of vascular complications 285:327 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 1 95 theme complications 315:327 arg1 lipids 274:279 lipids 274:279 lipids 274:279 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 1 95 theme complications 315:327 arg1 proteins 261:268 proteins 261:268 proteins 261:268 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder, resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia altered metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and an increased risk of vascular complications. 28056409 12 96 theme subjects 1491:1498 arg1 samples 1471:1477 The hair samples 1462:1477 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month 1462:1564 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month were taken as post-treatment sample. 28056409 12 96 theme subjects 1491:1498 arg1 sample 1595:1600 post-treatment sample 1580:1600 post-treatment sample 1580:1600 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month were taken as post-treatment sample. 28056409 13 97 theme remarkable 1608:1617 arg1 differences 1628:1638 Some remarkable spectral differences 1603:1638 Some remarkable spectral differences 1603:1638 Some remarkable spectral differences were elucidated between pre- and post-treatment hair fibre samples. 28056409 6 98 theme FTIR-ATR 842:849 arg1 technique 851:859 FTIR-ATR technique 842:859 FTIR-ATR technique 842:859 Instead of analyzing blood to diagnose diabetes, hair could be used to detect diabetes using FTIR-ATR technique. 28056409 7 99 theme fibrous 904:910 arg1 proteins 912:919 fibrous proteins 904:919 fibrous proteins (keratins) 904:930 The most important components of hair are fibrous proteins (keratins), melanins, glycogen, and lipids. 28056409 7 99 theme fibrous 904:910 arg1 components 881:890 The most important components 862:890 The most important components of hair 862:898 The most important components of hair are fibrous proteins (keratins), melanins, glycogen, and lipids. 28056409 7 99 theme fibrous 904:910 arg1 keratins 922:929 keratins 922:929 keratins 922:929 The most important components of hair are fibrous proteins (keratins), melanins, glycogen, and lipids. 28056409 12 100 theme hair 1466:1469 arg1 samples 1471:1477 The hair samples 1462:1477 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month 1462:1564 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month were taken as post-treatment sample. 28056409 12 100 theme hair 1466:1469 arg1 sample 1595:1600 post-treatment sample 1580:1600 post-treatment sample 1580:1600 The hair samples of diabetic subjects referred to medication with metformin for a period of three month were taken as post-treatment sample. 28056409 2 101 theme medicine 405:412 arg1 system 395:400 allopathic system 384:400 allopathic system of medicine 384:412 There are different classes of anti-diabetic drugs in allopathic system of medicine. 28056409 17 102 theme metformin 2312:2320 arg1 efficacy 2300:2307 the efficacy 2296:2307 the efficacy of metformin 2296:2320 Some of the biomarkers such as R1=I1635/1450, R2=I1540/1450, R3=I2885/1450, R4=I1255/1450 and R5=I1015/1450 were used as diagnostic parameters, and hence the efficacy of metformin is estimated. 28056409 11 103 theme hair 1369:1372 arg1 samples 1374:1380 The hair samples 1365:1380 The hair samples of the diabetic subjects before medication 1365:1423 The hair samples of the diabetic subjects before medication were taken as pre-treatment samples. 28056409 11 103 theme hair 1369:1372 arg1 samples 1453:1459 pre-treatment samples 1439:1459 pre-treatment samples 1439:1459 The hair samples of the diabetic subjects before medication were taken as pre-treatment samples. 28056409 10 104 theme infrared 1332:1339 arg1 region 1341:1346 the mid infrared region 1324:1346 the mid infrared region of 4000-450cm-1 1324:1362 The spectra of diabetic hair fibre samples have been recorded in the mid infrared region of 4000-450cm-1. 28056409 3 105 theme mellitus 536:543 arg1 treatment 492:500 the treatment 488:500 the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 488:543 Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is a blood glucose lowering agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 28056409 7 106 theme hair 895:898 arg1 proteins 912:919 fibrous proteins 904:919 fibrous proteins (keratins) 904:930 The most important components of hair are fibrous proteins (keratins), melanins, glycogen, and lipids. 28056409 7 106 theme hair 895:898 arg1 components 881:890 The most important components 862:890 The most important components of hair 862:898 The most important components of hair are fibrous proteins (keratins), melanins, glycogen, and lipids. 28056409 14 107 theme hair 1744:1747 arg1 spectra 1749:1755 the FTIR-ATR hair spectra 1731:1755 the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects 1731:1825 A comparative study on the FTIR-ATR hair spectra of patients (pre- and post-treatment) along with the healthy subjects has been made. 27770871 7 0 theme nanofibrous 1420:1430 arg1 membrane 1432:1439 nanofibrous membrane 1420:1439 nanofibrous membrane 1420:1439 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 1 1 theme Nanofibrous 161:171 arg1 structures 173:182 Nanofibrous structures 161:182 Nanofibrous structures that mimic the native extracellular matrix and promote cell adhesion 161:251 Nanofibrous structures that mimic the native extracellular matrix and promote cell adhesion have attracted considerable interest for biomedical applications. 27770871 1 2 theme considerable 268:279 arg1 interest 281:288 considerable interest 268:288 considerable interest 268:288 Nanofibrous structures that mimic the native extracellular matrix and promote cell adhesion have attracted considerable interest for biomedical applications. 27770871 2 3 theme polyethylene 480:491 arg1 oxide 493:497 polyethylene oxide 480:497 polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%) 480:539 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 3 theme polyethylene 480:491 arg1 % 504:504 5vol% 500:504 5vol% 500:504 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 3 theme polyethylene 480:491 arg1 solutions 416:424 blended solutions 408:424 blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%) 408:445 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 3 4 dep nanosheets 562:571 arg1 change 587:592 change 587:592 change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions 587:665 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 7 5 theme gauze 1475:1479 arg1 sponges 1481:1487 sterile gauze sponges 1467:1487 sterile gauze sponges 1467:1487 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 7 5 theme gauze 1475:1479 arg1 control 1458:1464 control 1458:1464 control (sterile gauze sponges) 1458:1488 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 4 6 theme water 898:902 arg1 permeability 904:915 a controllable water permeability 883:915 a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins 883:964 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 7 7 theme closure 1366:1372 arg1 % 1388:1388 about 33% 1380:1388 about 33% 1380:1388 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 7 7 theme closure 1366:1372 arg1 rate 1374:1377 a faster and more efficient wound closure rate 1332:1377 a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) 1332:1389 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 5 8 theme tissue 1018:1023 arg1 engineering 1025:1035 tissue engineering 1018:1035 tissue engineering 1018:1035 Potential use of the GO-modified biocomposites for tissue engineering is demonstrated in mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow. 27770871 0 9 dep in 126:127 arg1 vivo 129:132 vivo 129:132 vivo 129:132 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 4 10 with nanofibers 771:780 arg1 structure 803:811 controlled pore structure 787:811 controlled pore structure 787:811 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 0 11 theme In 113:114 arg1 effects 134:140 In vitro and in vivo effects 113:140 In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide 113:158 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 1 12 theme biomedical 294:303 arg1 applications 305:316 biomedical applications 294:316 biomedical applications 294:316 Nanofibrous structures that mimic the native extracellular matrix and promote cell adhesion have attracted considerable interest for biomedical applications. 27770871 0 13 theme in 126:127 arg1 effects 134:140 In vitro and in vivo effects 113:140 In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide 113:158 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 2 14 theme chitosan 429:436 arg1 pyrrolidone 458:468 polyvinyl pyrrolidone 448:468 polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%) 448:477 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 14 theme chitosan 429:436 arg1 % 444:444 80vol% 439:444 80vol% 439:444 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 14 theme chitosan 429:436 arg1 solutions 416:424 blended solutions 408:424 blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%) 408:445 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 14 theme chitosan 429:436 arg1 oxide 493:497 polyethylene oxide 480:497 polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%) 480:539 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 0 15 theme oxide-modified 42:55 arg1 pyrrolidone 76:86 graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone 33:86 graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone 33:86 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 3 16 theme uniform 690:696 arg1 fibers 698:703 ultrafine and uniform fibers 676:703 ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm 676:736 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 4 17 theme elastic 830:836 arg1 modulus 838:844 enhanced elastic modulus 821:844 enhanced elastic modulus 821:844 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 0 18 dep In 113:114 arg1 vitro 116:120 vitro 116:120 vitro 116:120 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 6 19 dep assay 1139:1143 arg1 imaging 1153:1159 imaging 1153:1159 imaging 1153:1159 The biocompatibility assay and SEM imaging reveal that the nanofibrous structure promotes the attachment and maintained characteristic cell morphology and viability up to 72h. 27770871 5 20 theme bone 1105:1108 arg1 marrow 1110:1115 rat's bone marrow 1099:1115 rat's bone marrow 1099:1115 Potential use of the GO-modified biocomposites for tissue engineering is demonstrated in mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow. 27770871 4 21 theme tensile 850:856 arg1 strength 858:865 tensile strength 850:865 tensile strength (150-300%) 850:876 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 4 21 theme tensile 850:856 arg1 % 875:875 150-300% 868:875 150-300% 868:875 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 4 22 theme skins 960:964 arg1 properties 938:947 the required properties 925:947 the required properties of natural skins 925:964 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 2 23 theme nanofibrous 346:356 arg1 biopolymers 358:368 GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers 334:368 GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) 334:373 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 5 24 theme mesenchymal 1056:1066 arg1 lines 1078:1082 mesenchymal stem cell lines 1056:1082 mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow 1056:1115 Potential use of the GO-modified biocomposites for tissue engineering is demonstrated in mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow. 27770871 2 25 theme GO-modified 334:344 arg1 biopolymers 358:368 GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers 334:368 GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) 334:373 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 1 26 theme native 199:204 arg1 matrix 220:225 the native extracellular matrix 195:225 the native extracellular matrix 195:225 Nanofibrous structures that mimic the native extracellular matrix and promote cell adhesion have attracted considerable interest for biomedical applications. 27770871 2 27 theme polyvinyl 448:456 arg1 pyrrolidone 458:468 polyvinyl pyrrolidone 448:468 polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%) 448:477 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 27 theme polyvinyl 448:456 arg1 % 476:476 15vol% 471:476 15vol% 471:476 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 27 theme polyvinyl 448:456 arg1 solutions 416:424 blended solutions 408:424 blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%) 408:445 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 3 28 theme 60nm 733:736 arg1 diameter 721:728 an average diameter 710:728 an average diameter of 60nm 710:736 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 0 29 dep nanocomposite 88:100 arg1 effects 134:140 In vitro and in vivo effects 113:140 In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide 113:158 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 6 30 theme cell 1253:1256 arg1 morphology 1258:1267 characteristic cell morphology 1238:1267 characteristic cell morphology 1238:1267 The biocompatibility assay and SEM imaging reveal that the nanofibrous structure promotes the attachment and maintained characteristic cell morphology and viability up to 72h. 27770871 1 31 theme extracellular 206:218 arg1 matrix 220:225 the native extracellular matrix 195:225 the native extracellular matrix 195:225 Nanofibrous structures that mimic the native extracellular matrix and promote cell adhesion have attracted considerable interest for biomedical applications. 27770871 0 32 theme biological 7:16 arg1 performance 18:28 the biological performance 3:28 the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone 3:86 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 3 33 theme average 713:719 arg1 diameter 721:728 an average diameter 710:728 an average diameter of 60nm 710:736 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 2 34 theme 0-2wt 533:537 arg1 nanosheets 521:530 GO nanosheets 518:530 GO nanosheets (0-2wt%) 518:539 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 34 theme 0-2wt 533:537 arg1 % 538:538 0-2wt% 533:538 0-2wt% 533:538 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 5 35 theme stem 1068:1071 arg1 lines 1078:1082 mesenchymal stem cell lines 1056:1082 mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow 1056:1115 Potential use of the GO-modified biocomposites for tissue engineering is demonstrated in mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow. 27770871 0 36 theme graphene 33:40 arg1 pyrrolidone 76:86 graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone 33:86 graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone 33:86 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 6 37 theme nanofibrous 1177:1187 arg1 structure 1189:1197 the nanofibrous structure 1173:1197 the nanofibrous structure 1173:1197 The biocompatibility assay and SEM imaging reveal that the nanofibrous structure promotes the attachment and maintained characteristic cell morphology and viability up to 72h. 27770871 0 38 theme graphene 145:152 arg1 oxide 154:158 graphene oxide 145:158 graphene oxide 145:158 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 2 39 dep biopolymers 358:368 arg1 GO 371:372 GO 371:372 GO 371:372 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 5 40 theme biocomposites 1000:1012 arg1 use 977:979 Potential use 967:979 Potential use of the GO-modified biocomposites for tissue engineering 967:1035 Potential use of the GO-modified biocomposites for tissue engineering is demonstrated in mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow. 27770871 2 41 theme blended 408:414 arg1 pyrrolidone 458:468 polyvinyl pyrrolidone 448:468 polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%) 448:477 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 41 theme blended 408:414 arg1 % 444:444 80vol% 439:444 80vol% 439:444 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 41 theme blended 408:414 arg1 solutions 416:424 blended solutions 408:424 blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%) 408:445 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 41 theme blended 408:414 arg1 oxide 493:497 polyethylene oxide 480:497 polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%) 480:539 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 42 theme 80vol 439:443 arg1 % 444:444 80vol% 439:444 80vol% 439:444 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 42 theme 80vol 439:443 arg1 solutions 416:424 blended solutions 408:424 blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%) 408:445 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 7 43 theme faster 1334:1339 arg1 % 1388:1388 about 33% 1380:1388 about 33% 1380:1388 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 7 43 theme faster 1334:1339 arg1 rate 1374:1377 a faster and more efficient wound closure rate 1332:1377 a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) 1332:1389 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 4 44 theme pore 798:801 arg1 structure 803:811 controlled pore structure 787:811 controlled pore structure 787:811 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 7 45 from evaluations 1302:1312 arg1 rats 1317:1320 rats 1317:1320 rats 1317:1320 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 3 46 dep conductivity 598:609 arg1 the 594:596 the 594:596 the 594:596 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 0 47 theme chitosan/polyvinyl 57:74 arg1 pyrrolidone 76:86 graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone 33:86 graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone 33:86 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 4 48 theme required 929:936 arg1 properties 938:947 the required properties 925:947 the required properties of natural skins 925:964 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 4 49 theme natural 952:958 arg1 skins 960:964 natural skins 952:964 natural skins 952:964 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 4 50 theme enhanced 821:828 arg1 modulus 838:844 enhanced elastic modulus 821:844 enhanced elastic modulus 821:844 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 6 51 theme biocompatibility 1122:1137 arg1 assay 1139:1143 The biocompatibility assay 1118:1143 The biocompatibility assay 1118:1143 The biocompatibility assay and SEM imaging reveal that the nanofibrous structure promotes the attachment and maintained characteristic cell morphology and viability up to 72h. 27770871 2 52 theme 15vol 471:475 arg1 pyrrolidone 458:468 polyvinyl pyrrolidone 448:468 polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%) 448:477 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 52 theme 15vol 471:475 arg1 % 476:476 15vol% 471:476 15vol% 471:476 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 0 53 theme oxide 154:158 arg1 effects 134:140 In vitro and in vivo effects 113:140 In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide 113:158 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 3 54 theme solutions 657:665 arg1 viscosity 615:623 viscosity 615:623 viscosity 615:623 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 3 54 theme solutions 657:665 arg1 conductivity 598:609 conductivity 598:609 conductivity 598:609 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 7 55 theme In-vivo 1294:1300 arg1 evaluations 1302:1312 In-vivo evaluations 1294:1312 In-vivo evaluations in rats 1294:1320 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 7 56 theme efficient 1350:1358 arg1 % 1388:1388 about 33% 1380:1388 about 33% 1380:1388 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 7 56 theme efficient 1350:1358 arg1 rate 1374:1377 a faster and more efficient wound closure rate 1332:1377 a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) 1332:1389 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 4 57 theme controllable 885:896 arg1 permeability 904:915 a controllable water permeability 883:915 a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins 883:964 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 7 58 theme sterile 1467:1473 arg1 sponges 1481:1487 sterile gauze sponges 1467:1487 sterile gauze sponges 1467:1487 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 7 58 theme sterile 1467:1473 arg1 control 1458:1464 control 1458:1464 control (sterile gauze sponges) 1458:1488 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 7 59 theme wound 1360:1364 arg1 % 1388:1388 about 33% 1380:1388 about 33% 1380:1388 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 7 59 theme wound 1360:1364 arg1 rate 1374:1377 a faster and more efficient wound closure rate 1332:1377 a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) 1332:1389 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 6 60 theme characteristic 1238:1251 arg1 morphology 1258:1267 characteristic cell morphology 1238:1267 characteristic cell morphology 1238:1267 The biocompatibility assay and SEM imaging reveal that the nanofibrous structure promotes the attachment and maintained characteristic cell morphology and viability up to 72h. 27770871 3 61 with fibers 698:703 arg1 diameter 721:728 an average diameter 710:728 an average diameter of 60nm 710:736 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 1 62 theme cell 239:242 arg1 adhesion 244:251 cell adhesion 239:251 cell adhesion 239:251 Nanofibrous structures that mimic the native extracellular matrix and promote cell adhesion have attracted considerable interest for biomedical applications. 27770871 5 63 theme Potential 967:975 arg1 use 977:979 Potential use 967:979 Potential use of the GO-modified biocomposites for tissue engineering 967:1035 Potential use of the GO-modified biocomposites for tissue engineering is demonstrated in mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow. 27770871 3 64 theme concentrated 635:646 arg1 solutions 657:665 highly concentrated chitosan solutions 628:665 highly concentrated chitosan solutions 628:665 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 4 65 theme GO-reinforced 757:769 arg1 nanofibers 771:780 The GO-reinforced nanofibers 753:780 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure 753:811 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 5 66 theme cell 1073:1076 arg1 lines 1078:1082 mesenchymal stem cell lines 1056:1082 mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow 1056:1115 Potential use of the GO-modified biocomposites for tissue engineering is demonstrated in mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow. 27770871 7 67 dep % 1415:1415 arg1 GO 1417:1418 GO 1417:1418 GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges) 1417:1488 In-vivo evaluations in rats show that a faster and more efficient wound closure rate (about 33%) are attained for the 1.5% GO nanofibrous membrane as compared with control (sterile gauze sponges). 27770871 2 68 theme 5vol 500:503 arg1 oxide 493:497 polyethylene oxide 480:497 polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%) 480:539 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 68 theme 5vol 500:503 arg1 % 504:504 5vol% 500:504 5vol% 500:504 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 3 69 theme chitosan 648:655 arg1 solutions 657:665 highly concentrated chitosan solutions 628:665 highly concentrated chitosan solutions 628:665 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 4 70 theme controlled 787:796 arg1 structure 803:811 controlled pore structure 787:811 controlled pore structure 787:811 The GO-reinforced nanofibers with controlled pore structure exhibit enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength (150-300%) with a controllable water permeability to meet the required properties of natural skins. 27770871 0 71 theme pyrrolidone 76:86 arg1 performance 18:28 the biological performance 3:28 the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone 3:86 On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide. 27770871 3 72 theme ultrafine 676:684 arg1 fibers 698:703 ultrafine and uniform fibers 676:703 ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm 676:736 It is shown that GO nanosheets significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of highly concentrated chitosan solutions, so that ultrafine and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 60nm are spinnable. 27770871 5 73 theme GO-modified 988:998 arg1 biocomposites 1000:1012 the GO-modified biocomposites 984:1012 the GO-modified biocomposites 984:1012 Potential use of the GO-modified biocomposites for tissue engineering is demonstrated in mesenchymal stem cell lines extracted from rat's bone marrow. 27770871 2 74 contain containing 507:516 arg2 nanosheets 521:530 GO nanosheets 518:530 GO nanosheets (0-2wt%) 518:539 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 74 contain containing 507:516 arg2 % 538:538 0-2wt% 533:538 0-2wt% 533:538 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 74 contain containing 507:516 arg1 oxide 493:497 polyethylene oxide 480:497 polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%) 480:539 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 74 contain containing 507:516 arg1 % 504:504 5vol% 500:504 5vol% 500:504 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 74 contain containing 507:516 arg1 solutions 416:424 blended solutions 408:424 blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%) 408:445 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 27770871 2 75 dep nanosheets 521:530 arg1 GO 518:519 GO 518:519 GO 518:519 In this study, GO-modified nanofibrous biopolymers (GO) were prepared by electrospinning blended solutions of chitosan (80vol%), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (15vol%), polyethylene oxide (5vol%) containing GO nanosheets (0-2wt%). 26104824 2 0 theme ewe 415:417 arg1 flocks 419:424 Manchega breed ewe flocks 400:424 Manchega breed ewe flocks 400:424 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 2 1 dep classes 487:493 arg1 cells/ml 515:522 fewer than 500,000 cells/ml 496:522 four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml 482:522 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 2 2 theme breed 409:413 arg1 flocks 419:424 Manchega breed ewe flocks 400:424 Manchega breed ewe flocks 400:424 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 6 3 theme tank 1118:1121 arg1 milk 1123:1126 the bulk tank milk 1109:1126 the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health 1109:1159 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 4 4 from increase 756:763 arg1 β-casein 740:747 β-casein 740:747 β-casein 740:747 Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. 26104824 4 4 from increase 756:763 arg1 γ-caseins 772:780 the γ-caseins 768:780 the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml 768:821 Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. 26104824 4 4 from increase 756:763 arg1 concentration 789:801 a concentration 787:801 a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml 787:821 Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. 26104824 1 5 theme study 133:137 arg1 aim 121:123 The aim 117:123 The aim of this study 117:137 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 0 6 theme bulk 87:90 arg1 count 110:114 bulk tank somatic cell count 87:114 bulk tank somatic cell count 87:114 Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. 26104824 1 7 theme indicating 281:290 arg1 effect 157:162 the effect 153:162 the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions 153:276 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 7 theme indicating 281:290 arg1 parameters 292:301 indicating parameters 281:301 indicating parameters for proteolysis 281:317 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 6 8 theme bulk 1113:1116 arg1 milk 1123:1126 the bulk tank milk 1109:1126 the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health 1109:1159 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 5 9 theme milk 951:954 arg1 cells/ml 939:946 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml 921:946 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml of milk 921:954 Regarding coagulation behaviour, the rennet clotting time (RCT) and firming time (k20) rose from 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml of milk. 26104824 0 10 theme somatic 97:103 arg1 count 110:114 bulk tank somatic cell count 87:114 bulk tank somatic cell count 87:114 Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. 26104824 3 11 theme casein 623:628 arg1 ratio 640:644 The casein : protein ratio 619:644 The casein : protein ratio 619:644 The casein : protein ratio and lactose content decreased with BTSCC. 26104824 5 12 theme rennet 861:866 arg1 RCT 883:885 RCT 883:885 RCT 883:885 Regarding coagulation behaviour, the rennet clotting time (RCT) and firming time (k20) rose from 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml of milk. 26104824 5 12 theme rennet 861:866 arg1 time 877:880 the rennet clotting time 857:880 the rennet clotting time (RCT) 857:886 Regarding coagulation behaviour, the rennet clotting time (RCT) and firming time (k20) rose from 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml of milk. 26104824 4 13 from concentration 789:801 arg1 increase 756:763 an increase 753:763 an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml 753:821 Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. 26104824 4 13 from concentration 789:801 arg1 drop 732:735 a drop 730:735 a drop in β-casein 730:747 Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. 26104824 4 13 from concentration 789:801 arg1 γ-caseins 772:780 the γ-caseins 768:780 the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml 768:821 Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. 26104824 0 14 theme tank 92:95 arg1 count 110:114 bulk tank somatic cell count 87:114 bulk tank somatic cell count 87:114 Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. 26104824 4 15 from drop 732:735 arg1 β-casein 740:747 β-casein 740:747 β-casein 740:747 Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. 26104824 4 15 from drop 732:735 arg1 γ-caseins 772:780 the γ-caseins 768:780 the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml 768:821 Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. 26104824 4 15 from drop 732:735 arg1 concentration 789:801 a concentration 787:801 a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml 787:821 Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. 26104824 2 16 theme Manchega 400:407 arg1 flocks 419:424 Manchega breed ewe flocks 400:424 Manchega breed ewe flocks 400:424 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 5 17 theme clotting 868:875 arg1 RCT 883:885 RCT 883:885 RCT 883:885 Regarding coagulation behaviour, the rennet clotting time (RCT) and firming time (k20) rose from 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml of milk. 26104824 5 17 theme clotting 868:875 arg1 time 877:880 the rennet clotting time 857:880 the rennet clotting time (RCT) 857:886 Regarding coagulation behaviour, the rennet clotting time (RCT) and firming time (k20) rose from 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml of milk. 26104824 2 18 theme bulk 380:383 arg1 milk 390:393 bulk tank milk 380:393 bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks 380:424 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 6 19 theme milk 1016:1019 arg1 ability 1021:1027 milk ability 1016:1027 milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) 1016:1086 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 6 20 with flocks 1131:1136 arg1 health 1154:1159 poor udder health 1143:1159 poor udder health 1143:1159 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 2 21 theme samples 369:375 arg1 total 357:361 A total 355:361 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks 355:424 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 2 22 from flocks 419:424 arg1 milk 390:393 bulk tank milk 380:393 bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks 380:424 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 2 22 from flocks 419:424 arg1 samples 369:375 97 samples 366:375 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks 366:424 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 5 23 theme coagulation 834:844 arg1 behaviour 846:854 coagulation behaviour 834:854 coagulation behaviour 834:854 Regarding coagulation behaviour, the rennet clotting time (RCT) and firming time (k20) rose from 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml of milk. 26104824 0 24 theme proteolysis 13:23 arg1 indices 25:31 proteolysis indices 13:31 proteolysis indices 13:31 Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. 26104824 1 25 theme proteose-peptone 226:241 arg1 content 249:255 proteose-peptone (p-p) content 226:255 proteose-peptone (p-p) content 226:255 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 0 26 theme cell 105:108 arg1 count 110:114 bulk tank somatic cell count 87:114 bulk tank somatic cell count 87:114 Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. 26104824 1 27 theme coagulating 323:333 arg1 properties 335:344 coagulating properties 323:344 coagulating properties of milk 323:352 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 27 theme coagulating 323:333 arg1 effect 157:162 the effect 153:162 the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions 153:276 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 6 28 theme milk 999:1002 arg1 quality 1004:1010 milk quality 999:1010 milk quality 999:1010 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 2 29 dep 15,00000 600:607 arg1 to 574:575 to 574:575 to 574:575 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 0 30 theme coagulating 37:47 arg1 properties 49:58 coagulating properties 37:58 coagulating properties 37:58 Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. 26104824 3 31 theme protein 632:638 arg1 ratio 640:644 The casein : protein ratio 619:644 The casein : protein ratio 619:644 The casein : protein ratio and lactose content decreased with BTSCC. 26104824 4 32 theme cells/ml 814:821 arg1 concentration 789:801 a concentration 787:801 a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml 787:821 Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. 26104824 1 33 theme ovine 167:171 arg1 tank 178:181 ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) 167:208 ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) 167:208 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 34 theme p-p 244:246 arg1 content 249:255 proteose-peptone (p-p) content 226:255 proteose-peptone (p-p) content 226:255 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 2 35 theme cell 460:463 arg1 SCC 472:474 SCC 472:474 SCC 472:474 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 2 35 theme cell 460:463 arg1 count 465:469 somatic cell count 452:469 somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml 452:522 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 1 36 dep tank 178:181 arg1 BTSCC 203:207 BTSCC 203:207 BTSCC 203:207 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 36 dep tank 178:181 arg1 count 196:200 somatic cell count 183:200 ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) 167:208 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 5 37 theme firming 892:898 arg1 k20 906:908 k20 906:908 k20 906:908 Regarding coagulation behaviour, the rennet clotting time (RCT) and firming time (k20) rose from 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml of milk. 26104824 5 37 theme firming 892:898 arg1 time 900:903 firming time 892:903 firming time (k20) 892:909 Regarding coagulation behaviour, the rennet clotting time (RCT) and firming time (k20) rose from 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml of milk. 26104824 1 38 theme bulk 173:176 arg1 tank 178:181 ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) 167:208 ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) 167:208 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 2 39 theme milk 390:393 arg1 samples 369:375 97 samples 366:375 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks 366:424 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 2 40 theme somatic 452:458 arg1 SCC 472:474 SCC 472:474 SCC 472:474 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 2 40 theme somatic 452:458 arg1 count 465:469 somatic cell count 452:469 somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml 452:522 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 6 41 theme poor 1143:1146 arg1 health 1154:1159 poor udder health 1143:1159 poor udder health 1143:1159 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 1 42 theme milk 349:352 arg1 effect 157:162 the effect 153:162 the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions 153:276 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 42 theme milk 349:352 arg1 properties 335:344 coagulating properties 323:344 coagulating properties of milk 323:352 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 42 theme milk 349:352 arg1 parameters 292:301 indicating parameters 281:301 indicating parameters for proteolysis 281:317 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 2 43 theme tank 385:388 arg1 milk 390:393 bulk tank milk 380:393 bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks 380:424 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 3 44 theme lactose 650:656 arg1 content 658:664 lactose content 650:664 lactose content 650:664 The casein : protein ratio and lactose content decreased with BTSCC. 26104824 2 45 from samples 369:375 arg1 flocks 419:424 Manchega breed ewe flocks 400:424 Manchega breed ewe flocks 400:424 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 26104824 1 46 from effect 157:162 arg1 composition 213:223 composition 213:223 composition 213:223 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 46 from effect 157:162 arg1 content 249:255 proteose-peptone (p-p) content 226:255 proteose-peptone (p-p) content 226:255 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 46 from effect 157:162 arg1 fractions 268:276 casein fractions 261:276 casein fractions 261:276 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 6 47 theme flocks 1131:1136 arg1 milk 1123:1126 the bulk tank milk 1109:1126 the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health 1109:1159 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 6 48 theme intramammary 1059:1070 arg1 IMI 1083:1085 IMI 1083:1085 IMI 1083:1085 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 6 48 theme intramammary 1059:1070 arg1 infection 1072:1080 intramammary infection 1059:1080 intramammary infection (IMI) 1059:1086 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 6 49 theme udder 1148:1152 arg1 health 1154:1159 poor udder health 1143:1159 poor udder health 1143:1159 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 6 50 theme quality 1004:1010 arg1 impairment 985:994 the impairment 981:994 the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) 981:1086 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 1 51 theme tank 178:181 arg1 parameters 292:301 indicating parameters 281:301 indicating parameters for proteolysis 281:317 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 51 theme tank 178:181 arg1 effect 157:162 the effect 153:162 the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions 153:276 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 51 theme tank 178:181 arg1 properties 335:344 coagulating properties 323:344 coagulating properties of milk 323:352 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 6 52 theme ability 1021:1027 arg1 impairment 985:994 the impairment 981:994 the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) 981:1086 The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health. 26104824 1 53 theme somatic 183:189 arg1 BTSCC 203:207 BTSCC 203:207 BTSCC 203:207 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 53 theme somatic 183:189 arg1 count 196:200 somatic cell count 183:200 ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) 167:208 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 0 54 theme milk 67:70 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. 26104824 0 54 theme milk 67:70 arg1 indices 25:31 proteolysis indices 13:31 proteolysis indices 13:31 Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. 26104824 0 54 theme milk 67:70 arg1 properties 49:58 coagulating properties 37:58 coagulating properties 37:58 Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. 26104824 1 55 theme cell 191:194 arg1 BTSCC 203:207 BTSCC 203:207 BTSCC 203:207 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 1 55 theme cell 191:194 arg1 count 196:200 somatic cell count 183:200 ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) 167:208 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 0 56 theme ewe 63:65 arg1 milk 67:70 ewe milk 63:70 ewe milk 63:70 Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. 26104824 1 57 theme casein 261:266 arg1 fractions 268:276 casein fractions 261:276 casein fractions 261:276 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. 26104824 2 58 dep 10,00000 541:548 arg1 to 538:539 to 538:539 to 538:539 A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. 28125070 6 0 theme palmitic 876:883 arg1 acids 885:889 linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids 856:889 linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids 856:889 Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were relatively abundant. 28125070 8 1 theme Total 991:995 arg1 tocopherols 997:1007 Total tocopherols 991:1007 Total tocopherols 991:1007 Total tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic compounds' content ranged between 741-3191 µg/100 g, 77-1003 mg/100 g and 7.6-489 µg/100 g, respectively. 28125070 8 2 theme µg/100 1080:1085 arg1 g 1087:1087 741-3191 µg/100 g 1071:1087 741-3191 µg/100 g 1071:1087 Total tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic compounds' content ranged between 741-3191 µg/100 g, 77-1003 mg/100 g and 7.6-489 µg/100 g, respectively. 28125070 9 3 dep β-glucans 1172:1180 arg1 the 1168:1170 the 1168:1170 the 1168:1170 There were variations in the β-glucans, ergosterol and vitamin D₂ contents. 28125070 8 4 theme mg/100 1098:1103 arg1 g 1105:1105 77-1003 mg/100 g 1090:1105 77-1003 mg/100 g 1090:1105 Total tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic compounds' content ranged between 741-3191 µg/100 g, 77-1003 mg/100 g and 7.6-489 µg/100 g, respectively. 28125070 0 5 from Characterization 9:24 arg1 Ghana 83:87 Ghana 83:87 Ghana 83:87 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 5 6 theme carbohydrate 651:662 arg1 contents 685:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents 642:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents 642:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 1 7 theme Ganoderma 172:180 arg1 sp 182:183 Ganoderma sp 172:183 Ganoderma sp 172:183 The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. 28125070 10 8 dep sp 1290:1291 arg1 S. 1277:1278 S. 1277:1278 S. 1277:1278 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 8 9 theme 7.6-489 1111:1117 arg1 g 1126:1126 7.6-489 µg/100 g 1111:1126 7.6-489 µg/100 g 1111:1126 Total tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic compounds' content ranged between 741-3191 µg/100 g, 77-1003 mg/100 g and 7.6-489 µg/100 g, respectively. 28125070 6 10 theme oleic 866:870 arg1 acids 885:889 linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids 856:889 linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids 856:889 Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were relatively abundant. 28125070 2 11 theme dying 273:277 arg1 tree 293:296 the same dying Delonix regia tree 264:296 the same dying Delonix regia tree 264:296 from Ghana, nine (LS1-LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. 28125070 4 12 theme peroxidation 590:601 arg1 inhibition 603:612 lipid peroxidation inhibition 584:612 lipid peroxidation inhibition 584:612 Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. 28125070 3 13 theme nutritional 349:359 arg1 value 361:365 the nutritional value 345:365 the nutritional value 345:365 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 14 from value 361:365 arg1 compounds 431:439 phenolic and other organic compounds 404:439 compounds 431:439 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 14 from value 361:365 arg1 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 14 from value 361:365 arg1 acids 397:401 fatty acids 391:401 fatty acids 391:401 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 5 15 theme fat 665:667 arg1 contents 685:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents 642:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents 642:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 7 16 theme Free 917:920 arg1 sugars 922:927 Free sugars 917:927 Free sugars 917:927 Free sugars included rhamnose, fructose, mannitol, sucrose and trehalose. 28125070 2 17 theme same 268:271 arg1 tree 293:296 the same dying Delonix regia tree 264:296 the same dying Delonix regia tree 264:296 from Ghana, nine (LS1-LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. 28125070 4 18 theme lipid 584:588 arg1 peroxidation 590:601 lipid peroxidation 584:601 lipid peroxidation inhibition 584:612 Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. 28125070 11 19 theme highest 1316:1322 arg1 activity 1336:1343 the highest antioxidant activity 1312:1343 the highest antioxidant activity 1312:1343 strain AM1 showed the highest antioxidant activity. 28125070 3 20 theme vitamin 463:469 arg1 precursors 471:480 some vitamins and vitamin precursors 445:480 precursors 471:480 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 12 21 theme first 1374:1378 arg1 time 1380:1383 the first time 1370:1383 the first time 1370:1383 This study reveals, for the first time, chemical characteristics of Ganoderma spp. 28125070 10 22 theme major 1229:1233 arg1 minerals 1235:1242 The three major minerals 1219:1242 The three major minerals in decreasing order 1219:1262 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 10 22 theme major 1229:1233 arg1 > 1275:1275 K > P > 1269:1275 K > P > 1269:1275 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 1 23 theme sp 182:183 arg1 strains 161:167 twelve wild strains 149:167 twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp 149:183 The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. 28125070 5 24 theme 0.68-2.12 771:779 arg1 ash 789:791 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash 771:791 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash 771:791 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 5 24 theme 0.68-2.12 771:779 arg1 g·dw 725:728 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw 709:728 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw 709:728 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 3 25 from composition 368:378 arg1 compounds 431:439 phenolic and other organic compounds 404:439 compounds 431:439 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 25 from composition 368:378 arg1 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 25 from composition 368:378 arg1 acids 397:401 fatty acids 391:401 fatty acids 391:401 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 8 26 theme organic 1010:1016 arg1 acids 1018:1022 organic acids 1010:1022 organic acids 1010:1022 Total tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic compounds' content ranged between 741-3191 µg/100 g, 77-1003 mg/100 g and 7.6-489 µg/100 g, respectively. 28125070 5 27 theme g 787:787 arg1 ash 789:791 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash 771:791 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash 771:791 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 5 27 theme g 787:787 arg1 g·dw 725:728 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw 709:728 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw 709:728 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 3 28 theme other 417:421 arg1 compounds 431:439 phenolic and other organic compounds 404:439 compounds 431:439 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 28 theme other 417:421 arg1 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 0 29 from Potential 42:50 arg1 Ghana 83:87 Ghana 83:87 Ghana 83:87 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 8 30 theme phenolic 1028:1035 arg1 compounds 1037:1045 phenolic compounds 1028:1045 phenolic compounds 1028:1045 Total tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic compounds' content ranged between 741-3191 µg/100 g, 77-1003 mg/100 g and 7.6-489 µg/100 g, respectively. 28125070 2 31 dep evaluated 304:312 arg1 found 227:231 found 227:231 were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree 222:296 from Ghana, nine (LS1-LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. 28125070 6 32 theme linoleic 856:863 arg1 acids 885:889 linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids 856:889 linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids 856:889 Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were relatively abundant. 28125070 12 33 theme chemical 1386:1393 arg1 characteristics 1395:1409 chemical characteristics 1386:1409 chemical characteristics of Ganoderma spp 1386:1426 This study reveals, for the first time, chemical characteristics of Ganoderma spp. 28125070 0 34 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 Characterization 9:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 5 35 theme Protein 642:648 arg1 contents 685:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents 642:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents 642:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 1 36 theme chemical 94:101 arg1 characterization 103:118 chemical characterization 94:118 chemical characterization 94:118 The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. 28125070 3 37 theme phenolic 404:411 arg1 compounds 431:439 phenolic and other organic compounds 404:439 compounds 431:439 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 37 theme phenolic 404:411 arg1 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 0 38 theme Antioxidant 30:40 arg1 Potential 42:50 Antioxidant Potential 30:50 Antioxidant Potential 30:50 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 3 39 from precursors 471:480 arg1 compounds 431:439 phenolic and other organic compounds 404:439 compounds 431:439 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 39 from precursors 471:480 arg1 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 39 from precursors 471:480 arg1 acids 397:401 fatty acids 391:401 fatty acids 391:401 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 5 40 theme 396.1-402.02 797:808 arg1 g 819:819 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g 797:819 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g 797:819 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 5 40 theme 396.1-402.02 797:808 arg1 g·dw 725:728 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw 709:728 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw 709:728 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 4 41 theme scavenging 560:569 arg1 activity 571:578 radical scavenging activity 552:578 radical scavenging activity 552:578 Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. 28125070 12 42 theme spp 1424:1426 arg1 characteristics 1395:1409 chemical characteristics 1386:1409 chemical characteristics of Ganoderma spp 1386:1426 This study reveals, for the first time, chemical characteristics of Ganoderma spp. 28125070 2 43 theme Delonix 279:285 arg1 tree 293:296 the same dying Delonix regia tree 264:296 the same dying Delonix regia tree 264:296 from Ghana, nine (LS1-LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. 28125070 10 44 theme decreasing 1247:1256 arg1 order 1258:1262 decreasing order 1247:1262 decreasing order 1247:1262 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 1 45 theme wild 156:159 arg1 strains 161:167 twelve wild strains 149:167 twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp 149:183 The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. 28125070 3 46 theme fatty 391:395 arg1 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 46 theme fatty 391:395 arg1 acids 397:401 fatty acids 391:401 fatty acids 391:401 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 4 47 theme radical 552:558 arg1 activity 571:578 radical scavenging activity 552:578 radical scavenging activity 552:578 Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. 28125070 0 48 from Ghana 83:87 arg1 Species 70:76 Wild Ganoderma Species 55:76 Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana 55:87 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 0 48 from Ghana 83:87 arg1 Characterization 9:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 0 48 from Ghana 83:87 arg1 Potential 42:50 Antioxidant Potential 30:50 Antioxidant Potential 30:50 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 13 49 theme same 1462:1465 arg1 tree 1467:1470 the same tree 1458:1470 the same tree 1458:1470 which grew simultaneously on the same tree. 28125070 3 50 theme organic 423:429 arg1 compounds 431:439 phenolic and other organic compounds 404:439 compounds 431:439 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 3 50 theme organic 423:429 arg1 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 sugars 383:388 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 2 51 theme which 216:220 arg1 which 216:220 which 216:220 which 216:220 from Ghana, nine (LS1-LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. 28125070 2 51 theme which 216:220 arg1 nine 198:201 nine 198:201 nine 198:201 from Ghana, nine (LS1-LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. 28125070 2 51 theme which 216:220 arg1 LS1-LS9 204:210 LS1-LS9 204:210 LS1-LS9 204:210 from Ghana, nine (LS1-LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. 28125070 11 52 theme antioxidant 1324:1334 arg1 activity 1336:1343 the highest antioxidant activity 1312:1343 the highest antioxidant activity 1312:1343 strain AM1 showed the highest antioxidant activity. 28125070 0 53 theme Ganoderma 60:68 arg1 Species 70:76 Wild Ganoderma Species 55:76 Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana 55:87 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 9 54 from variations 1154:1163 arg1 ergosterol 1183:1192 ergosterol 1183:1192 ergosterol 1183:1192 There were variations in the β-glucans, ergosterol and vitamin D₂ contents. 28125070 9 54 from variations 1154:1163 arg1 β-glucans 1172:1180 β-glucans 1172:1180 β-glucans 1172:1180 There were variations in the β-glucans, ergosterol and vitamin D₂ contents. 28125070 9 54 from variations 1154:1163 arg1 contents 1209:1216 vitamin D₂ contents 1198:1216 vitamin D₂ contents 1198:1216 There were variations in the β-glucans, ergosterol and vitamin D₂ contents. 28125070 10 55 from minerals 1235:1242 arg1 order 1258:1262 decreasing order 1247:1262 decreasing order 1247:1262 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 10 56 theme P 1273:1273 arg1 minerals 1235:1242 The three major minerals 1219:1242 The three major minerals in decreasing order 1219:1262 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 10 56 theme P 1273:1273 arg1 > 1275:1275 K > P > 1269:1275 K > P > 1269:1275 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 1 57 theme antioxidant 124:134 arg1 potential 136:144 antioxidant potential 124:144 antioxidant potential 124:144 The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. 28125070 0 58 theme Wild 55:58 arg1 Species 70:76 Wild Ganoderma Species 55:76 Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana 55:87 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 4 59 theme reducing 536:543 arg1 power 545:549 reducing power 536:549 reducing power 536:549 Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. 28125070 5 60 theme ash 670:672 arg1 contents 685:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents 642:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents 642:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 4 61 dep in 625:626 arg1 vitro 628:632 vitro 628:632 vitro 628:632 Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. 28125070 10 62 theme > 1271:1271 arg1 minerals 1235:1242 The three major minerals 1219:1242 The three major minerals in decreasing order 1219:1262 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 10 62 theme > 1271:1271 arg1 > 1275:1275 K > P > 1269:1275 K > P > 1269:1275 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 2 63 dep Delonix 279:285 arg1 regia 287:291 regia 287:291 regia 287:291 from Ghana, nine (LS1-LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. 28125070 12 64 theme Ganoderma 1414:1422 arg1 spp 1424:1426 Ganoderma spp 1414:1426 Ganoderma spp 1414:1426 This study reveals, for the first time, chemical characteristics of Ganoderma spp. 28125070 9 65 theme D₂ 1206:1207 arg1 contents 1209:1216 vitamin D₂ contents 1198:1216 vitamin D₂ contents 1198:1216 There were variations in the β-glucans, ergosterol and vitamin D₂ contents. 28125070 10 66 theme K 1269:1269 arg1 minerals 1235:1242 The three major minerals 1219:1242 The three major minerals in decreasing order 1219:1262 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 10 66 theme K 1269:1269 arg1 > 1275:1275 K > P > 1269:1275 K > P > 1269:1275 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 3 67 theme vitamins 450:457 arg1 precursors 471:480 some vitamins and vitamin precursors 445:480 precursors 471:480 Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. 28125070 5 68 theme energy 678:683 arg1 contents 685:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents 642:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents 642:692 Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. 28125070 9 69 theme vitamin 1198:1204 arg1 contents 1209:1216 vitamin D₂ contents 1198:1216 vitamin D₂ contents 1198:1216 There were variations in the β-glucans, ergosterol and vitamin D₂ contents. 28125070 6 70 theme Fatty 836:840 arg1 acids 885:889 linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids 856:889 linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids 856:889 Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were relatively abundant. 28125070 6 70 theme Fatty 836:840 arg1 acids 842:846 Fatty acids 836:846 Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids 836:889 Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were relatively abundant. 28125070 1 71 dep characterization 103:118 arg1 The 90:92 The 90:92 The 90:92 The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. 28125070 4 72 theme in 625:626 arg1 assays 634:639 five in vitro assays 620:639 five in vitro assays 620:639 Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. 28125070 0 73 theme Species 70:76 arg1 Characterization 9:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 0 73 theme Species 70:76 arg1 Potential 42:50 Antioxidant Potential 30:50 Antioxidant Potential 30:50 Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. 28125070 4 74 theme Antioxidant 483:493 arg1 potential 495:503 Antioxidant potential 483:503 Antioxidant potential 483:503 Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. 28125070 10 75 theme Ganoderma 1280:1288 arg1 sp 1290:1291 Ganoderma sp 1280:1291 Ganoderma sp 1280:1291 The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. 28125070 1 76 theme strains 161:167 arg1 characterization 103:118 chemical characterization 94:118 chemical characterization 94:118 The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. 28125070 1 76 theme strains 161:167 arg1 potential 136:144 antioxidant potential 124:144 antioxidant potential 124:144 The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. 25725261 8 0 theme properties 1171:1180 arg1 formation 1110:1118 The formation 1106:1118 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties 1106:1180 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties may enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of TL. 25725261 6 1 theme TL 950:951 arg1 solubility 936:945 solubility 936:945 solubility of TL 936:951 Even in the acidic condition, the remarkable improvement in solubility of TL was achieved, as evidenced by a 32.2-fold increase in solubility compared with untreated TL. 25725261 8 2 dep solubility 1198:1207 arg1 behavior 1225:1232 behavior 1225:1232 behavior 1225:1232 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties may enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of TL. 25725261 8 2 dep solubility 1198:1207 arg1 the 1194:1196 the 1194:1196 the 1194:1196 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties may enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of TL. 25725261 9 3 theme Cmax 1321:1324 arg1 values 1334:1339 Cmax and AUC values 1321:1339 Cmax and AUC values 1321:1339 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 9 4 theme untreated 1401:1409 arg1 TL 1411:1412 untreated TL 1401:1412 untreated TL 1401:1412 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 5 5 theme TL/Rutin-G 809:818 arg1 SDPs 820:823 TL/Rutin-G SDPs 809:823 TL/Rutin-G SDPs 809:823 TL/Rutin-G SDPs were spherical particles with a diameter of 5.5μm. 25725261 1 6 theme composite 159:167 arg1 particles 169:177 Tranilast (TL) composite particles 144:177 Tranilast (TL) composite particles with α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) 144:209 Tranilast (TL) composite particles with α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) were developed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of TL. 25725261 0 7 theme α-glucosyl 109:118 arg1 rutin 120:124 α-glucosyl rutin 109:124 α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying 109:141 Absorption improvement of tranilast by forming highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying. 25725261 2 8 theme Composite 284:292 arg1 formulation 294:304 Composite formulation 284:304 Composite formulation of TL/Rutin-G 284:318 Composite formulation of TL/Rutin-G was prepared using the spray-drying method, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated with respect to the morphology, particle size distribution, solubility and crystallinity. 25725261 1 9 theme oral 256:259 arg1 bioavailability 261:275 oral bioavailability 256:275 oral bioavailability 256:275 Tranilast (TL) composite particles with α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) were developed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of TL. 25725261 5 10 with particles 840:848 arg1 diameter 857:864 a diameter 855:864 a diameter of 5.5μm 855:873 TL/Rutin-G SDPs were spherical particles with a diameter of 5.5μm. 25725261 3 11 theme light 574:578 arg1 scattering 580:589 dynamic light scattering 566:589 dynamic light scattering 566:589 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 6 12 from improvement 921:931 arg1 solubility 936:945 solubility 936:945 solubility of TL 936:951 Even in the acidic condition, the remarkable improvement in solubility of TL was achieved, as evidenced by a 32.2-fold increase in solubility compared with untreated TL. 25725261 6 13 theme remarkable 910:919 arg1 improvement 921:931 the remarkable improvement 906:931 the remarkable improvement in solubility of TL 906:951 Even in the acidic condition, the remarkable improvement in solubility of TL was achieved, as evidenced by a 32.2-fold increase in solubility compared with untreated TL. 25725261 10 14 theme TL 1447:1448 arg1 formulation 1450:1460 a TL formulation 1445:1460 a TL formulation spray-dried with Rutin-G 1445:1485 These findings indicated that a TL formulation spray-dried with Rutin-G could enhance its solubility and absorption and thus its therapeutic properties. 25725261 0 15 theme Absorption 0:9 arg1 improvement 11:21 Absorption improvement 0:21 Absorption improvement of tranilast by forming highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying. 0:142 Absorption improvement of tranilast by forming highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying. 25725261 2 16 theme size 457:460 arg1 distribution 462:473 particle size distribution 448:473 particle size distribution 448:473 Composite formulation of TL/Rutin-G was prepared using the spray-drying method, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated with respect to the morphology, particle size distribution, solubility and crystallinity. 25725261 8 17 theme inclusion 1161:1169 arg1 properties 1171:1180 their drug inclusion properties 1150:1180 their drug inclusion properties 1150:1180 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties may enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of TL. 25725261 8 18 theme drug 1156:1159 arg1 properties 1171:1180 their drug inclusion properties 1150:1180 their drug inclusion properties 1150:1180 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties may enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of TL. 25725261 3 19 theme transmission 595:606 arg1 microscopy 617:626 transmission electron microscopy 595:626 transmission electron microscopy 595:626 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 1 20 theme α-glucosyl 184:193 arg1 Rutin-G 202:208 Rutin-G 202:208 Rutin-G 202:208 Tranilast (TL) composite particles with α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) were developed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of TL. 25725261 1 20 theme α-glucosyl 184:193 arg1 rutin 195:199 α-glucosyl rutin 184:199 α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) 184:209 Tranilast (TL) composite particles with α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) were developed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of TL. 25725261 2 21 theme particle 448:455 arg1 distribution 462:473 particle size distribution 448:473 particle size distribution 448:473 Composite formulation of TL/Rutin-G was prepared using the spray-drying method, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated with respect to the morphology, particle size distribution, solubility and crystallinity. 25725261 2 22 theme TL/Rutin-G 309:318 arg1 formulation 294:304 Composite formulation 284:304 Composite formulation of TL/Rutin-G 284:318 Composite formulation of TL/Rutin-G was prepared using the spray-drying method, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated with respect to the morphology, particle size distribution, solubility and crystallinity. 25725261 2 23 theme physicochemical 374:388 arg1 properties 390:399 their physicochemical properties 368:399 their physicochemical properties 368:399 Composite formulation of TL/Rutin-G was prepared using the spray-drying method, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated with respect to the morphology, particle size distribution, solubility and crystallinity. 25725261 0 24 theme tranilast 26:34 arg1 improvement 11:21 Absorption improvement 0:21 Absorption improvement of tranilast by forming highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying. 0:142 Absorption improvement of tranilast by forming highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying. 25725261 1 25 theme TL 280:281 arg1 solubility 241:250 solubility 241:250 solubility 241:250 Tranilast (TL) composite particles with α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) were developed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of TL. 25725261 1 25 theme TL 280:281 arg1 bioavailability 261:275 oral bioavailability 256:275 oral bioavailability 256:275 Tranilast (TL) composite particles with α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) were developed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of TL. 25725261 4 26 from improvement 769:779 arg1 rats 803:806 rats 803:806 rats 803:806 A pharmacokinetic study was also performed to assess the improvement of oral absorption in rats. 25725261 4 27 theme absorption 789:798 arg1 improvement 769:779 the improvement 765:779 the improvement of oral absorption in rats 765:806 A pharmacokinetic study was also performed to assess the improvement of oral absorption in rats. 25725261 9 28 from exposure 1277:1284 arg1 rats 1295:1298 rats 1295:1298 rats 1295:1298 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 5 29 theme 5.5μm 869:873 arg1 diameter 857:864 a diameter 855:864 a diameter of 5.5μm 855:873 TL/Rutin-G SDPs were spherical particles with a diameter of 5.5μm. 25725261 3 30 theme electron 608:615 arg1 microscopy 617:626 transmission electron microscopy 595:626 transmission electron microscopy 595:626 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 7 31 theme nanostructures 1073:1086 arg1 2nm 1101:1103 2nm 1101:1103 2nm 1101:1103 The median size of Rutin-G nanostructures in water was 2nm. 25725261 7 31 theme nanostructures 1073:1086 arg1 size 1057:1060 The median size 1046:1060 The median size of Rutin-G nanostructures in water 1046:1095 The median size of Rutin-G nanostructures in water was 2nm. 25725261 0 32 theme spray 130:134 arg1 drying 136:141 spray drying 130:141 spray drying 130:141 Absorption improvement of tranilast by forming highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying. 25725261 4 33 theme oral 784:787 arg1 absorption 789:798 oral absorption 784:798 oral absorption 784:798 A pharmacokinetic study was also performed to assess the improvement of oral absorption in rats. 25725261 6 34 from increase 995:1002 arg1 solubility 1007:1016 solubility 1007:1016 solubility compared with untreated TL 1007:1043 Even in the acidic condition, the remarkable improvement in solubility of TL was achieved, as evidenced by a 32.2-fold increase in solubility compared with untreated TL. 25725261 3 35 theme Rutin-G 633:639 arg1 SDPs 678:681 SDPs 678:681 SDPs 678:681 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 3 35 theme Rutin-G 633:639 arg1 particles 667:675 spray-dried particles 655:675 Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) 633:682 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 8 36 theme TL 1237:1238 arg1 dissolution 1213:1223 dissolution 1213:1223 dissolution 1213:1223 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties may enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of TL. 25725261 8 36 theme TL 1237:1238 arg1 solubility 1198:1207 solubility 1198:1207 solubility 1198:1207 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties may enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of TL. 25725261 9 37 theme 114- 1344:1347 arg1 values 1334:1339 Cmax and AUC values 1321:1339 Cmax and AUC values 1321:1339 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 9 38 from TL 1289:1290 arg1 rats 1295:1298 rats 1295:1298 rats 1295:1298 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 6 39 theme acidic 888:893 arg1 condition 895:903 the acidic condition 884:903 the acidic condition 884:903 Even in the acidic condition, the remarkable improvement in solubility of TL was achieved, as evidenced by a 32.2-fold increase in solubility compared with untreated TL. 25725261 9 40 theme AUC 1330:1332 arg1 values 1334:1339 Cmax and AUC values 1321:1339 Cmax and AUC values 1321:1339 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 10 41 theme therapeutic 1544:1554 arg1 properties 1556:1565 its therapeutic properties 1540:1565 its therapeutic properties 1540:1565 These findings indicated that a TL formulation spray-dried with Rutin-G could enhance its solubility and absorption and thus its therapeutic properties. 25725261 0 42 theme soluble 54:60 arg1 structures 82:91 highly soluble nano-size composite structures 47:91 highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying 47:141 Absorption improvement of tranilast by forming highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying. 25725261 8 43 theme Rutin-G 1123:1129 arg1 nanostructures 1131:1144 Rutin-G nanostructures 1123:1144 Rutin-G nanostructures 1123:1144 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties may enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of TL. 25725261 6 44 theme 32.2-fold 985:993 arg1 increase 995:1002 a 32.2-fold increase 983:1002 a 32.2-fold increase in solubility compared with untreated TL 983:1043 Even in the acidic condition, the remarkable improvement in solubility of TL was achieved, as evidenced by a 32.2-fold increase in solubility compared with untreated TL. 25725261 9 45 from increase 1309:1316 arg1 values 1334:1339 Cmax and AUC values 1321:1339 Cmax and AUC values 1321:1339 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 7 46 theme median 1050:1055 arg1 2nm 1101:1103 2nm 1101:1103 2nm 1101:1103 The median size of Rutin-G nanostructures in water was 2nm. 25725261 7 46 theme median 1050:1055 arg1 size 1057:1060 The median size 1046:1060 The median size of Rutin-G nanostructures in water 1046:1095 The median size of Rutin-G nanostructures in water was 2nm. 25725261 2 47 theme spray-drying 343:354 arg1 method 356:361 the spray-drying method 339:361 the spray-drying method 339:361 Composite formulation of TL/Rutin-G was prepared using the spray-drying method, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated with respect to the morphology, particle size distribution, solubility and crystallinity. 25725261 9 48 from rats 1295:1298 arg1 exposure 1277:1284 the exposure 1273:1284 the exposure of TL in rats 1273:1298 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 9 49 theme 36.4-fold 1353:1361 arg1 values 1334:1339 Cmax and AUC values 1321:1339 Cmax and AUC values 1321:1339 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 7 50 theme Rutin-G 1065:1071 arg1 nanostructures 1073:1086 Rutin-G nanostructures 1065:1086 Rutin-G nanostructures 1065:1086 The median size of Rutin-G nanostructures in water was 2nm. 25725261 3 51 theme nanostructure 510:522 arg1 formation 524:532 The nanostructure formation 506:532 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G 506:543 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 9 52 theme drastic 1243:1249 arg1 increase 1251:1258 A drastic increase 1241:1258 A drastic increase 1241:1258 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 1 53 with particles 169:177 arg1 Rutin-G 202:208 Rutin-G 202:208 Rutin-G 202:208 Tranilast (TL) composite particles with α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) were developed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of TL. 25725261 1 53 with particles 169:177 arg1 rutin 195:199 α-glucosyl rutin 184:199 α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) 184:209 Tranilast (TL) composite particles with α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) were developed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of TL. 25725261 5 54 theme spherical 830:838 arg1 particles 840:848 spherical particles 830:848 spherical particles with a diameter of 5.5μm 830:873 TL/Rutin-G SDPs were spherical particles with a diameter of 5.5μm. 25725261 8 55 theme nanostructures 1131:1144 arg1 formation 1110:1118 The formation 1106:1118 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties 1106:1180 The formation of Rutin-G nanostructures and their drug inclusion properties may enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of TL. 25725261 1 56 dep solubility 241:250 arg1 the 237:239 the 237:239 the 237:239 Tranilast (TL) composite particles with α-glucosyl rutin (Rutin-G) were developed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of TL. 25725261 3 57 theme dynamic 566:572 arg1 scattering 580:589 dynamic light scattering 566:589 dynamic light scattering 566:589 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 7 58 from size 1057:1060 arg1 water 1091:1095 water 1091:1095 water 1091:1095 The median size of Rutin-G nanostructures in water was 2nm. 25725261 0 59 theme composite 72:80 arg1 structures 82:91 highly soluble nano-size composite structures 47:91 highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying 47:141 Absorption improvement of tranilast by forming highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying. 25725261 9 60 theme TL 1289:1290 arg1 exposure 1277:1284 the exposure 1273:1284 the exposure of TL in rats 1273:1298 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 3 61 theme TL/Rutin-G 644:653 arg1 SDPs 678:681 SDPs 678:681 SDPs 678:681 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 3 61 theme TL/Rutin-G 644:653 arg1 particles 667:675 spray-dried particles 655:675 Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) 633:682 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 3 62 theme Rutin-G 537:543 arg1 formation 524:532 The nanostructure formation 506:532 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G 506:543 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 9 63 located found 1264:1268 arg1 exposure 1277:1284 the exposure 1273:1284 the exposure of TL in rats 1273:1298 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 9 63 located found 1264:1268 arg2 increase 1251:1258 A drastic increase 1241:1258 A drastic increase 1241:1258 A drastic increase was found in the exposure of TL in rats, with an increase in Cmax and AUC values of 114- and 36.4-fold, respectively, compared with those of untreated TL. 25725261 0 64 theme nano-size 62:70 arg1 structures 82:91 highly soluble nano-size composite structures 47:91 highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying 47:141 Absorption improvement of tranilast by forming highly soluble nano-size composite structures associated with α-glucosyl rutin via spray drying. 25725261 3 65 theme spray-dried 655:665 arg1 SDPs 678:681 SDPs 678:681 SDPs 678:681 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 3 65 theme spray-dried 655:665 arg1 particles 667:675 spray-dried particles 655:675 Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) 633:682 The nanostructure formation of Rutin-G was characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy when Rutin-G or TL/Rutin-G spray-dried particles (SDPs) were introduced into water. 25725261 4 66 theme pharmacokinetic 714:728 arg1 study 730:734 A pharmacokinetic study 712:734 A pharmacokinetic study 712:734 A pharmacokinetic study was also performed to assess the improvement of oral absorption in rats. 25725261 6 67 theme untreated 1032:1040 arg1 TL 1042:1043 untreated TL 1032:1043 untreated TL 1032:1043 Even in the acidic condition, the remarkable improvement in solubility of TL was achieved, as evidenced by a 32.2-fold increase in solubility compared with untreated TL. 28381475 10 0 theme SD 1665:1666 arg1 age 1668:1670 a mean ± SD age 1656:1670 a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y 1656:1698 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 6 1 from stage 1071:1075 arg1 percentage 965:974 percentage 965:974 percentage 965:974 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 1 from stage 1071:1075 arg1 FGV 957:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 1 from stage 1071:1075 arg1 cm3 1095:1097 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7% 1083:1115 cm3 1095:1097 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 7 2 theme % 1260:1260 arg1 higher 1300:1305 higher 1300:1305 higher 1300:1305 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 7 2 theme % 1260:1260 arg1 FGV 1261:1263 a %FGV 1258:1263 a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007) 1258:1360 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 10 3 theme mean 1658:1661 arg1 age 1668:1670 a mean ± SD age 1656:1670 a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y 1656:1698 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 6 4 theme ± 1088:1088 arg1 FGV 957:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 4 theme ± 1088:1088 arg1 cm3 1095:1097 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7% 1083:1115 cm3 1095:1097 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 12 5 contain had 1870:1872 arg2 menarche 1874:1881 menarche 1874:1881 menarche 1874:1881 In particular, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had menarche, on average, 4.6 mo (95% CI: 1.9, 7.4 mo) later than girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.01). 28381475 12 5 contain had 1870:1872 arg1 girls 1835:1839 girls 1835:1839 girls who consumed >125 g 1835:1859 In particular, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had menarche, on average, 4.6 mo (95% CI: 1.9, 7.4 mo) later than girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.01). 28381475 1 6 theme Cohort 431:436 arg1 Study 438:442 the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study 408:442 Study 438:442 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 1 7 theme growth-hormone 157:170 arg1 concentrations 172:185 higher growth-hormone concentrations 150:185 higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective 150:250 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 13 8 from menarche 2187:2194 arg1 at 2184:2185 delayed age at menarche 2172:2194 delayed age at menarche 2172:2194 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 13 8 from menarche 2187:2194 arg1 girls 2207:2211 Chilean girls 2199:2211 Chilean girls 2199:2211 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 13 8 from menarche 2187:2194 arg1 age 2180:2182 delayed age at menarche 2172:2194 delayed age at menarche 2172:2194 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 11 9 theme later 1797:1801 arg1 age 1803:1805 a later age 1795:1805 a later age at menarche 1795:1817 In multivariable models, low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes were associated with a later age at menarche. 28381475 7 10 theme P-trend 1345:1351 arg1 none 1339:1342 none 1339:1342 none (P-trend = 0.007) 1339:1360 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 7 10 theme P-trend 1345:1351 arg1 0.007 1355:1359 P-trend = 0.007 1345:1359 P-trend = 0.007 1345:1359 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 10 11 theme y 1698:1698 arg1 menarche 1675:1682 menarche 1675:1682 menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y 1675:1698 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 6 12 dep FGV 1015:1017 arg1 i.e. 1009:1012 i.e. 1009:1012 i.e. 1009:1012 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 12 13 dep later 1925:1929 arg1 0.01 1976:1979 0.01 1976:1979 0.01 1976:1979 In particular, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had menarche, on average, 4.6 mo (95% CI: 1.9, 7.4 mo) later than girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.01). 28381475 12 13 dep later 1925:1929 arg1 mo 1900:1901 4.6 mo 1896:1901 4.6 mo 1896:1901 In particular, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had menarche, on average, 4.6 mo (95% CI: 1.9, 7.4 mo) later than girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.01). 28381475 12 13 dep later 1925:1929 arg1 % 1906:1906 95% CI: 1.9 1904:1914 95% CI: 1.9 1904:1914 In particular, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had menarche, on average, 4.6 mo (95% CI: 1.9, 7.4 mo) later than girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.01). 28381475 12 13 dep later 1925:1929 arg1 mo 1921:1922 7.4 mo 1917:1922 7.4 mo 1917:1922 In particular, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had menarche, on average, 4.6 mo (95% CI: 1.9, 7.4 mo) later than girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.01). 28381475 13 14 theme yogurt 2123:2128 arg1 intake 2130:2135 higher yogurt intake 2116:2135 higher yogurt intake 2116:2135 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 7 15 dep sweetened 1137:1145 arg1 flavored 1161:1168 flavored 1161:1168 flavored 1161:1168 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 6 16 theme breast 844:849 arg1 composition 851:861 breast composition 844:861 breast composition 844:861 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 17 theme Tanner 1064:1069 arg1 stage 1071:1075 Tanner stage 4 1064:1077 Tanner stage 4 1064:1077 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 7 18 dep higher 1300:1305 arg1 % 1277:1277 4.5% 1274:1277 4.5% 1274:1277 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 7 18 dep higher 1300:1305 arg1 % 1282:1282 95% CI 1280:1285 95% CI 1280:1285 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 7 18 dep higher 1300:1305 arg1 % 1297:1297 8.1% 1294:1297 8.1% 1294:1297 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 0 19 from development 48:58 arg1 girls 71:75 Chilean girls 63:75 Chilean girls 63:75 Dairy intake in relation to breast and pubertal development in Chilean girls. 28381475 6 20 theme ± 1109:1109 arg1 % 1115:1115 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7% 1083:1115 % 1115:1115 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 1 21 theme girls 386:390 arg1 total 365:369 A total 363:369 A total of 515 Chilean girls 363:390 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 9 22 dep consumed 1527:1534 arg1 0.03 1557:1560 0.03 1557:1560 0.03 1557:1560 Specifically, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV than did girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.03). 28381475 1 23 from consumption 105:115 arg1 childhood 120:128 childhood 120:128 childhood 120:128 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 6 24 theme breast 1036:1041 arg1 times 1050:1054 total breast volume times 1030:1054 total breast volume times 100 1030:1058 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 13 25 theme % 2102:2102 arg1 FGV 2103:2105 a higher %FGV 2093:2105 a higher %FGV 2093:2105 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 13 26 theme drinks 2067:2072 arg1 consumption 2008:2018 More-frequent consumption 1994:2018 More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks 1994:2072 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 6 27 theme prospective 890:900 arg1 diet 902:905 prospective diet 890:905 prospective diet 890:905 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 9 28 theme >125 1443:1446 arg1 yogurt/d 1450:1457 >125 g yogurt/d 1443:1457 >125 g yogurt/d 1443:1457 Specifically, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV than did girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.03). 28381475 4 29 theme breast 616:621 arg1 volume 638:643 The breast fibroglandular volume 612:643 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) 612:649 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4. 28381475 4 29 theme breast 616:621 arg1 FGV 646:648 FGV 646:648 FGV 646:648 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4. 28381475 0 30 theme Chilean 63:69 arg1 girls 71:75 Chilean girls 63:75 Chilean girls 63:75 Dairy intake in relation to breast and pubertal development in Chilean girls. 28381475 9 31 dep less 1499:1502 arg1 % 1476:1476 95% CI: -20.2 1474:1486 95% CI: -20.2 1474:1486 Specifically, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV than did girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.03). 28381475 9 31 dep less 1499:1502 arg1 cm3 1494:1496 -0.3 cm3 1489:1496 -0.3 cm3 1489:1496 Specifically, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV than did girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.03). 28381475 9 31 dep less 1499:1502 arg1 cm3 1469:1471 -10.2 cm3 1463:1471 -10.2 cm3 1463:1471 Specifically, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV than did girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.03). 28381475 6 32 with girls 871:875 arg1 data 882:885 data 882:885 data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results 882:933 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 32 with girls 871:875 arg1 data 815:818 data 815:818 data on prospective diet and breast composition 815:861 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 3 33 theme 24-h 599:602 arg1 recall 604:609 a 24-h recall 597:609 a 24-h recall 597:609 Starting in 2013, diet was assessed every 6 mo via a 24-h recall. 28381475 10 34 from majority 1568:1575 arg1 cohort 1601:1606 our cohort 1597:1606 our cohort 1597:1606 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 4 35 theme dual-energy 680:690 arg1 absorptiometry 698:711 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 680:711 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 680:711 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4. 28381475 13 36 theme More-frequent 1994:2006 arg1 consumption 2008:2018 More-frequent consumption 1994:2018 More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks 1994:2072 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 13 37 theme Chilean 2199:2205 arg1 girls 2207:2211 Chilean girls 2199:2211 Chilean girls 2199:2211 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 6 38 theme SD 947:948 arg1 FGV 957:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 38 theme SD 947:948 arg1 cm3 1095:1097 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7% 1083:1115 cm3 1095:1097 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 0 39 theme Dairy 0:4 arg1 intake 6:11 Dairy intake 0:11 Dairy intake in relation to breast and pubertal development in Chilean girls. 0:76 Dairy intake in relation to breast and pubertal development in Chilean girls. 28381475 6 40 theme mean 940:943 arg1 FGV 957:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 40 theme mean 940:943 arg1 cm3 1095:1097 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7% 1083:1115 cm3 1095:1097 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 1 41 from menarche.Design 346:360 arg1 stage 327:331 Tanner stage 4 320:333 Tanner stage 4 320:333 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 1 41 from menarche.Design 346:360 arg1 age 339:341 age 339:341 age at menarche.Design 339:360 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 1 42 theme intake 288:293 arg1 relation 270:277 the relation 266:277 the relation of dairy intake to breast composition 266:315 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 10 43 from girls 1588:1592 arg1 cohort 1601:1606 our cohort 1597:1606 our cohort 1597:1606 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 1 44 theme Frequent 90:97 arg1 consumption 105:115 Frequent dairy consumption 90:115 Frequent dairy consumption in childhood 90:128 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 7 45 theme = 1353:1353 arg1 none 1339:1342 none 1339:1342 none (P-trend = 0.007) 1339:1360 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 7 45 theme = 1353:1353 arg1 0.007 1355:1359 P-trend = 0.007 1345:1359 P-trend = 0.007 1345:1359 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 10 46 from menarche 1675:1682 arg1 age 1668:1670 a mean ± SD age 1656:1670 a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y 1656:1698 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 1 47 theme breast 298:303 arg1 composition 305:315 breast composition 298:315 breast composition 298:315 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 11 48 theme low-fat 1726:1732 arg1 dairy 1734:1738 low-fat dairy 1726:1738 low-fat dairy 1726:1738 In multivariable models, low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes were associated with a later age at menarche. 28381475 13 49 theme sweetened 2023:2031 arg1 drinks 2067:2072 sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks 2023:2072 sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks 2023:2072 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 6 50 theme total 1030:1034 arg1 times 1050:1054 total breast volume times 1030:1054 total breast volume times 100 1030:1058 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 51 from menarche.Results 918:933 arg1 diet 902:905 prospective diet 890:905 prospective diet 890:905 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 51 from menarche.Results 918:933 arg1 age 911:913 age 911:913 age at menarche.Results 911:933 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 4 52 theme absorptiometry 698:711 arg1 use 673:675 the use 669:675 the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4 669:729 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4. 28381475 13 53 theme at 2184:2185 arg1 menarche 2187:2194 delayed age at menarche 2172:2194 delayed age at menarche 2172:2194 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 6 54 theme fibroglandular 979:992 arg1 volume 994:999 fibroglandular volume 979:999 fibroglandular volume (%FGV) 979:1006 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 54 theme fibroglandular 979:992 arg1 FGV 1003:1005 %FGV 1002:1005 %FGV 1002:1005 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 9 55 theme less 1499:1502 arg1 FGV 1504:1506 -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV 1463:1506 -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV 1463:1506 Specifically, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV than did girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.03). 28381475 4 56 theme Tanner 716:721 arg1 stage 723:727 Tanner stage 4 716:729 Tanner stage 4 716:729 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4. 28381475 6 57 from data 815:818 arg1 diet 835:838 prospective diet 823:838 prospective diet 823:838 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 57 from data 815:818 arg1 composition 851:861 breast composition 844:861 breast composition 844:861 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 11 58 theme milk 1749:1752 arg1 intakes 1766:1772 low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes 1726:1772 low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes 1726:1772 In multivariable models, low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes were associated with a later age at menarche. 28381475 8 59 theme Yogurt 1363:1368 arg1 intake 1370:1375 Yogurt intake 1363:1375 Yogurt intake 1363:1375 Yogurt intake was associated with a lower FGV. 28381475 10 60 theme ± 1663:1663 arg1 age 1668:1670 a mean ± SD age 1656:1670 a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y 1656:1698 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 13 61 theme delayed 2172:2178 arg1 menarche 2187:2194 delayed age at menarche 2172:2194 delayed age at menarche 2172:2194 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 10 62 theme 11.9 1687:1690 arg1 ± 1692:1692 ± 1692:1692 ± 1692:1692 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 6 63 with girls 804:808 arg1 data 882:885 data 882:885 data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results 882:933 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 63 with girls 804:808 arg1 data 815:818 data 815:818 data on prospective diet and breast composition 815:861 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 1 64 theme Obesity 423:429 arg1 Study 438:442 the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study 408:442 Study 438:442 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 1 65 theme higher 150:155 arg1 concentrations 172:185 higher growth-hormone concentrations 150:185 higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective 150:250 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 2 66 dep old 514:516 arg1 2006 524:527 2006 524:527 2006 524:527 The subjects have been followed longitudinally since they were 3-4 y old (from 2006 to the present). 28381475 13 67 dep sweetened 2023:2031 arg1 artificially-flavored 2034:2054 artificially-flavored 2034:2054 artificially-flavored 2034:2054 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 13 68 from FGV 2164:2166 arg1 girls 2207:2211 Chilean girls 2199:2211 Chilean girls 2199:2211 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 8 69 theme lower 1399:1403 arg1 FGV 1405:1407 a lower FGV 1397:1407 a lower FGV 1397:1407 Yogurt intake was associated with a lower FGV. 28381475 7 70 theme % 1213:1213 arg1 FGV 1214:1216 the %FGV 1209:1216 the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007) 1209:1360 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 9 71 contain had 1459:1461 arg2 FGV 1504:1506 -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV 1463:1506 -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV 1463:1506 Specifically, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV than did girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.03). 28381475 9 71 contain had 1459:1461 arg1 girls 1424:1428 girls 1424:1428 girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d 1424:1457 Specifically, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV than did girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.03). 28381475 13 72 theme higher 2116:2121 arg1 intake 2130:2135 higher yogurt intake 2116:2135 higher yogurt intake 2116:2135 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 10 73 theme 0.7 1694:1696 arg1 ± 1692:1692 ± 1692:1692 ± 1692:1692 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 11 74 from menarche 1810:1817 arg1 age 1803:1805 a later age 1795:1805 a later age at menarche 1795:1817 In multivariable models, low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes were associated with a later age at menarche. 28381475 5 75 theme menarche 744:751 arg1 date 736:739 The date 732:739 The date of menarche 732:751 The date of menarche was reported every 6 mo. 28381475 1 76 theme Chilean 378:384 arg1 girls 386:390 515 Chilean girls 374:390 515 Chilean girls 374:390 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 1 77 theme dairy 99:103 arg1 consumption 105:115 Frequent dairy consumption 90:115 Frequent dairy consumption in childhood 90:128 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 6 78 theme prospective 823:833 arg1 diet 835:838 prospective diet 823:838 prospective diet 823:838 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 7 79 theme milk-based 1170:1179 arg1 drinks 1181:1186 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks 1132:1186 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks 1132:1186 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 4 80 theme fibroglandular 623:636 arg1 volume 638:643 The breast fibroglandular volume 612:643 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) 612:649 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4. 28381475 4 80 theme fibroglandular 623:636 arg1 FGV 646:648 FGV 646:648 FGV 646:648 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4. 28381475 6 81 theme % 1107:1107 arg1 % 1115:1115 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7% 1083:1115 % 1115:1115 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 4 82 from stage 723:727 arg1 use 673:675 the use 669:675 the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4 669:729 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4. 28381475 7 83 contain having 1251:1256 arg1 g/d 1247:1249 >125 g/d 1242:1249 >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007) 1242:1360 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 7 83 contain having 1251:1256 arg2 FGV 1261:1263 a %FGV 1258:1263 a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007) 1258:1360 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 7 83 contain having 1251:1256 arg2 higher 1300:1305 higher 1300:1305 higher 1300:1305 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 6 84 theme volume 1043:1048 arg1 times 1050:1054 total breast volume times 1030:1054 total breast volume times 100 1030:1058 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 13 85 theme higher 2095:2100 arg1 FGV 2103:2105 a higher %FGV 2093:2105 a higher %FGV 2093:2105 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 11 86 theme yogurt 1759:1764 arg1 intakes 1766:1772 low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes 1726:1772 low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes 1726:1772 In multivariable models, low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes were associated with a later age at menarche. 28381475 7 87 theme sweetened 1137:1145 arg1 drinks 1181:1186 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks 1132:1186 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks 1132:1186 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 10 88 theme girls 1588:1592 arg1 majority 1568:1575 The majority 1564:1575 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort 1564:1606 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 10 88 theme girls 1588:1592 arg1 % 1582:1582 90.7% 1578:1582 90.7% 1578:1582 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 9 89 theme g 1448:1448 arg1 yogurt/d 1450:1457 >125 g yogurt/d 1443:1457 >125 g yogurt/d 1443:1457 Specifically, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV than did girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.03). 28381475 0 90 from intake 6:11 arg1 relation 16:23 relation 16:23 relation to breast and pubertal development in Chilean girls 16:75 Dairy intake in relation to breast and pubertal development in Chilean girls. 28381475 1 91 dep Background 78:87 arg1 evaluated 256:264 evaluated 256:264 evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design 256:360 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 1 91 dep Background 78:87 arg1 included 396:403 included 396:403 are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study 392:442 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 6 92 theme breast 950:955 arg1 FGV 957:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 92 theme breast 950:955 arg1 cm3 1095:1097 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7% 1083:1115 cm3 1095:1097 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 0 93 from breast 28:33 arg1 girls 71:75 Chilean girls 63:75 Chilean girls 63:75 Dairy intake in relation to breast and pubertal development in Chilean girls. 28381475 1 94 theme pubertal 221:228 arg1 development.Objective 230:250 pubertal development.Objective 221:250 pubertal development.Objective 221:250 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 6 95 theme ± 945:945 arg1 FGV 957:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 95 theme ± 945:945 arg1 cm3 1095:1097 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7% 1083:1115 cm3 1095:1097 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 96 from data 882:885 arg1 diet 902:905 prospective diet 890:905 prospective diet 890:905 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 96 from data 882:885 arg1 age 911:913 age 911:913 age at menarche.Results 911:933 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 13 97 theme milk-based 2056:2065 arg1 drinks 2067:2072 sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks 2023:2072 sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks 2023:2072 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 1 98 theme dairy 282:286 arg1 intake 288:293 dairy intake 282:293 dairy intake 282:293 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 9 99 dep did 1513:1515 arg1 than 1508:1511 than 1508:1511 than 1508:1511 Specifically, girls who consumed >125 g yogurt/d had -10.2 cm3 (95% CI: -20.2, -0.3 cm3) less FGV than did girls who consumed no yogurt (P-trend = 0.03). 28381475 11 100 theme multivariable 1704:1716 arg1 models 1718:1723 multivariable models 1704:1723 multivariable models 1704:1723 In multivariable models, low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes were associated with a later age at menarche. 28381475 7 101 with FGV 1214:1216 arg1 girls 1223:1227 girls 1223:1227 girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007) 1223:1360 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 10 102 from cohort 1601:1606 arg1 majority 1568:1575 The majority 1564:1575 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort 1564:1606 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 10 102 from cohort 1601:1606 arg1 % 1582:1582 90.7% 1578:1582 90.7% 1578:1582 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 1 103 theme mammary 203:209 arg1 gland 211:215 mammary gland 203:215 mammary gland 203:215 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 11 104 theme low-fat 1741:1747 arg1 milk 1749:1752 low-fat milk 1741:1752 low-fat milk 1741:1752 In multivariable models, low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes were associated with a later age at menarche. 28381475 0 105 theme pubertal 39:46 arg1 development 48:58 pubertal development 39:58 pubertal development 39:58 Dairy intake in relation to breast and pubertal development in Chilean girls. 28381475 6 106 theme % 1002:1002 arg1 volume 994:999 fibroglandular volume 979:999 fibroglandular volume (%FGV) 979:1006 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 106 theme % 1002:1002 arg1 FGV 1003:1005 %FGV 1002:1005 %FGV 1002:1005 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 11 107 theme dairy 1734:1738 arg1 intakes 1766:1772 low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes 1726:1772 low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes 1726:1772 In multivariable models, low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, and yogurt intakes were associated with a later age at menarche. 28381475 13 108 theme age 2180:2182 arg1 menarche 2187:2194 delayed age at menarche 2172:2194 delayed age at menarche 2172:2194 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 28381475 1 109 theme Tanner 320:325 arg1 stage 327:331 Tanner stage 4 320:333 Tanner stage 4 320:333 Background: Frequent dairy consumption in childhood has been related to higher growth-hormone concentrations that may affect mammary gland and pubertal development.Objective: We evaluated the relation of dairy intake to breast composition at Tanner stage 4 and age at menarche.Design: A total of 515 Chilean girls are included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. 28381475 6 110 theme volume 994:999 arg1 percentage 965:974 percentage 965:974 percentage 965:974 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 110 theme volume 994:999 arg1 FGV 957:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 The mean ± SD breast FGV 936:959 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 6 110 theme volume 994:999 arg1 cm3 1095:1097 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7% 1083:1115 cm3 1095:1097 Our analysis included 290 girls with data on prospective diet and breast composition and 324 girls with data on prospective diet and age at menarche.Results: The mean ± SD breast FGV and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) (i.e., FGV divided by total breast volume times 100) at Tanner stage 4 was 81.7 ± 32.2 cm3 and 42.0% ± 16.7%, respectively. 28381475 4 111 theme X-ray 692:696 arg1 absorptiometry 698:711 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 680:711 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 680:711 The breast fibroglandular volume (FGV) was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at Tanner stage 4. 28381475 7 112 dep % 1282:1282 arg1 % 1291:1291 0.9% 1288:1291 0.9% 1288:1291 Only sweetened, artificially flavored milk-based drinks were associated with the %FGV with girls who consumed >125 g/d having a %FGV that was 4.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 8.1%) higher than that of girls who consumed none (P-trend = 0.007). 28381475 10 113 theme data 1637:1640 arg1 analyses 1642:1649 the data analyses 1633:1649 the data analyses 1633:1649 The majority (90.7%) of girls in our cohort attained menarche before the data analyses with a mean ± SD age at menarche of 11.9 ± 0.7 y. 28381475 13 114 theme lower 2158:2162 arg1 FGV 2164:2166 a lower FGV 2156:2166 a lower FGV 2156:2166 Conclusion: More-frequent consumption of sweetened, artificially-flavored milk-based drinks is associated with a higher %FGV, whereas higher yogurt intake is associated with a lower FGV and delayed age at menarche in Chilean girls. 26990603 2 0 theme 300 g/kg 420:427 arg1 content 403:409 dry matter content 392:409 dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis) 392:448 The alfalfa was freshly harvested at branching stage, and wilted by dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis). 26990603 6 1 theme lower 1171:1175 arg1 value 1180:1184 significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value 1146:1184 significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value 1146:1184 Silages treated with organic acids were preserved with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value, ethanol content and NPN content compared with control. 26990603 7 2 theme fermentation 1251:1262 arg1 quality 1264:1270 the fermentation quality 1247:1270 the fermentation quality 1247:1270 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 3 3 used used 623:626 arg2 citrate 547:553 potassium citrate 537:553 potassium citrate 537:553 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 3 used used 623:626 arg2 acid 594:597 acetic acid 587:597 acetic acid 587:597 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 3 used used 623:626 arg2 acid 581:584 formic acid 574:584 formic acid 574:584 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 3 used used 623:626 arg2 acid 613:616 propionic acid 603:616 propionic acid 603:616 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 3 used used 623:626 arg2 additives 638:646 silage additives 631:646 silage additives 631:646 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 3 used used 623:626 arg2 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 3 used used 623:626 arg2 carbonate 563:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 6 4 theme NPN 1207:1209 arg1 content 1211:1217 NPN content 1207:1217 NPN content 1207:1217 Silages treated with organic acids were preserved with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value, ethanol content and NPN content compared with control. 26990603 5 5 theme in 1018:1019 arg1 digestibility 1046:1058 the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility 1014:1058 the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility 1014:1058 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 5 6 theme NPN 987:989 arg1 content 992:998 non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content 965:998 non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content 965:998 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 5 7 theme additive 817:824 arg1 treatments 826:835 All additive treatments 813:835 All additive treatments 813:835 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 0 8 from Effects 0:6 arg1 distribution 64:75 N distribution 62:75 N distribution 62:75 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. 26990603 0 8 from Effects 0:6 arg1 quality 50:56 fermentation quality 37:56 fermentation quality 37:56 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. 26990603 5 9 theme chemical 850:857 arg1 composition 859:869 the chemical composition 846:869 the chemical composition 846:869 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 0 10 theme alfalfa 80:86 arg1 distribution 64:75 N distribution 62:75 N distribution 62:75 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. 26990603 0 10 theme alfalfa 80:86 arg1 quality 50:56 fermentation quality 37:56 fermentation quality 37:56 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. 26990603 4 11 theme silage 750:755 arg1 qualities 757:765 the silage qualities 746:765 the silage qualities 746:765 These silos were stored at ambient temperature (5-20°C), and the silage qualities were analyzed after 120 days of fermentation. 26990603 7 12 theme organic 1360:1366 arg1 acids 1368:1372 organic acids 1360:1372 organic acids 1360:1372 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 7 13 theme killing 1432:1438 arg1 frost 1440:1444 killing frost 1432:1444 killing frost 1432:1444 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 6 14 dep lower 1171:1175 arg1 P < 0.05 1161:1168 P < 0.05 1161:1168 P < 0.05 1161:1168 Silages treated with organic acids were preserved with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value, ethanol content and NPN content compared with control. 26990603 3 15 theme silage 631:636 arg1 carbonate 563:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 15 theme silage 631:636 arg1 acid 594:597 acetic acid 587:597 acetic acid 587:597 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 15 theme silage 631:636 arg1 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 15 theme silage 631:636 arg1 additives 638:646 silage additives 631:646 silage additives 631:646 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 15 theme silage 631:636 arg1 acid 613:616 propionic acid 603:616 propionic acid 603:616 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 15 theme silage 631:636 arg1 citrate 547:553 potassium citrate 537:553 potassium citrate 537:553 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 15 theme silage 631:636 arg1 acid 581:584 formic acid 574:584 formic acid 574:584 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 7 16 theme N 1298:1298 arg1 distribution 1300:1311 N distribution 1298:1311 N distribution 1298:1311 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 2 17 theme matter 436:441 arg1 basis 443:447 fresh matter basis 430:447 fresh matter basis 430:447 The alfalfa was freshly harvested at branching stage, and wilted by dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis). 26990603 2 17 theme matter 436:441 arg1 300 g/kg 420:427 about 300 g/kg 414:427 about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis) 414:448 The alfalfa was freshly harvested at branching stage, and wilted by dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis). 26990603 1 18 theme China 317:321 arg1 south 308:312 south 308:312 south of China 308:321 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 5 19 theme N 875:875 arg1 distribution 877:888 N distribution 875:888 N distribution 875:888 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 1 20 theme last 145:148 arg1 alfalfa 154:160 the last cut alfalfa 141:160 the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment 141:222 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 2 21 theme fresh 430:434 arg1 basis 443:447 fresh matter basis 430:447 fresh matter basis 430:447 The alfalfa was freshly harvested at branching stage, and wilted by dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis). 26990603 2 21 theme fresh 430:434 arg1 300 g/kg 420:427 about 300 g/kg 414:427 about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis) 414:448 The alfalfa was freshly harvested at branching stage, and wilted by dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis). 26990603 3 22 theme small-scale 482:492 arg1 system 514:519 a small-scale silage fermentation system 480:519 a small-scale silage fermentation system 480:519 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 1 23 theme cut 150:152 arg1 alfalfa 154:160 the last cut alfalfa 141:160 the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment 141:222 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 5 24 dep in 1018:1019 arg1 vitro 1021:1025 vitro 1021:1025 vitro 1021:1025 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 3 25 theme silage 494:499 arg1 system 514:519 a small-scale silage fermentation system 480:519 a small-scale silage fermentation system 480:519 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 7 26 theme high 1386:1389 arg1 quality 1391:1397 high quality 1386:1397 high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost 1386:1444 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 0 27 theme additives 20:28 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa 0:86 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. 26990603 1 28 theme chemical 240:247 arg1 additives 249:257 chemical additives 240:257 chemical additives 240:257 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 0 29 theme China 107:111 arg1 south 98:102 south 98:102 south of China 98:111 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. 26990603 5 30 theme crude 931:935 arg1 contents 945:952 crude protein contents 931:952 crude protein contents 931:952 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 5 31 theme protein 937:943 arg1 contents 945:952 crude protein contents 931:952 crude protein contents 931:952 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 5 32 theme water-soluble 905:917 arg1 content 919:925 the water-soluble content 901:925 the water-soluble content 901:925 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 0 33 theme chemical 11:18 arg1 additives 20:28 chemical additives 11:28 chemical additives 11:28 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. 26990603 1 34 theme additives 249:257 arg1 effects 229:235 the effects 225:235 the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage 225:290 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 1 35 from effects 229:235 arg1 quality 266:272 the quality 262:272 the quality of alfalfa silage 262:290 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 5 36 theme non-protein 965:975 arg1 content 992:998 non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content 965:998 non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content 965:998 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 7 37 theme chemical 1273:1280 arg1 composition 1282:1292 chemical composition 1273:1292 chemical composition 1273:1292 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 2 38 theme branching 361:369 arg1 stage 371:375 branching stage 361:375 branching stage 361:375 The alfalfa was freshly harvested at branching stage, and wilted by dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis). 26990603 5 39 theme sodium 1072:1077 arg1 carbonate 1079:1087 sodium carbonate 1072:1087 sodium carbonate 1072:1087 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 5 40 theme nitrogen 977:984 arg1 content 992:998 non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content 965:998 non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content 965:998 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 0 41 dep quality 50:56 arg1 the 33:35 the 33:35 the 33:35 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. 26990603 1 42 theme killing 179:185 arg1 frost 187:191 killing frost 179:191 killing frost in a high moisture environment 179:222 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 5 43 theme ruminal 1027:1033 arg1 digestibility 1046:1058 the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility 1014:1058 the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility 1014:1058 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 6 44 theme organic 1112:1118 arg1 acids 1120:1124 organic acids 1112:1124 organic acids 1112:1124 Silages treated with organic acids were preserved with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value, ethanol content and NPN content compared with control. 26990603 7 45 theme best 1475:1478 arg1 effect 1480:1485 the best effect 1471:1485 the best effect 1471:1485 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 2 46 theme matter 396:401 arg1 content 403:409 dry matter content 392:409 dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis) 392:448 The alfalfa was freshly harvested at branching stage, and wilted by dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis). 26990603 5 47 theme dry 1035:1037 arg1 digestibility 1046:1058 the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility 1014:1058 the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility 1014:1058 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 6 48 theme ethanol 1187:1193 arg1 content 1195:1201 ethanol content 1187:1201 ethanol content 1187:1201 Silages treated with organic acids were preserved with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value, ethanol content and NPN content compared with control. 26990603 3 49 theme sodium 556:561 arg1 carbonate 563:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 49 theme sodium 556:561 arg1 acid 594:597 acetic acid 587:597 acetic acid 587:597 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 49 theme sodium 556:561 arg1 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 49 theme sodium 556:561 arg1 additives 638:646 silage additives 631:646 silage additives 631:646 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 49 theme sodium 556:561 arg1 acid 613:616 propionic acid 603:616 propionic acid 603:616 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 49 theme sodium 556:561 arg1 citrate 547:553 potassium citrate 537:553 potassium citrate 537:553 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 49 theme sodium 556:561 arg1 acid 581:584 formic acid 574:584 formic acid 574:584 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 50 theme fermentation 501:512 arg1 system 514:519 a small-scale silage fermentation system 480:519 a small-scale silage fermentation system 480:519 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 1 51 from frost 187:191 arg1 environment 212:222 a high moisture environment 196:222 a high moisture environment 196:222 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 0 52 theme fermentation 37:48 arg1 quality 50:56 fermentation quality 37:56 fermentation quality 37:56 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. 26990603 5 53 theme matter 1039:1044 arg1 digestibility 1046:1058 the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility 1014:1058 the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility 1014:1058 All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). 26990603 3 54 theme propionic 603:611 arg1 carbonate 563:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 54 theme propionic 603:611 arg1 acid 594:597 acetic acid 587:597 acetic acid 587:597 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 54 theme propionic 603:611 arg1 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 54 theme propionic 603:611 arg1 additives 638:646 silage additives 631:646 silage additives 631:646 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 54 theme propionic 603:611 arg1 acid 613:616 propionic acid 603:616 propionic acid 603:616 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 54 theme propionic 603:611 arg1 citrate 547:553 potassium citrate 537:553 potassium citrate 537:553 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 54 theme propionic 603:611 arg1 acid 581:584 formic acid 574:584 formic acid 574:584 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 2 55 theme dry 392:394 arg1 content 403:409 dry matter content 392:409 dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis) 392:448 The alfalfa was freshly harvested at branching stage, and wilted by dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis). 26990603 4 56 theme ambient 712:718 arg1 5-20°C 733:738 5-20°C 733:738 5-20°C 733:738 These silos were stored at ambient temperature (5-20°C), and the silage qualities were analyzed after 120 days of fermentation. 26990603 4 56 theme ambient 712:718 arg1 temperature 720:730 ambient temperature 712:730 ambient temperature (5-20°C) 712:739 These silos were stored at ambient temperature (5-20°C), and the silage qualities were analyzed after 120 days of fermentation. 26990603 1 57 theme alfalfa 277:283 arg1 silage 285:290 alfalfa silage 277:290 alfalfa silage 277:290 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 3 58 theme acetic 587:592 arg1 carbonate 563:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 58 theme acetic 587:592 arg1 acid 594:597 acetic acid 587:597 acetic acid 587:597 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 58 theme acetic 587:592 arg1 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 58 theme acetic 587:592 arg1 additives 638:646 silage additives 631:646 silage additives 631:646 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 58 theme acetic 587:592 arg1 acid 613:616 propionic acid 603:616 propionic acid 603:616 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 58 theme acetic 587:592 arg1 citrate 547:553 potassium citrate 537:553 potassium citrate 537:553 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 58 theme acetic 587:592 arg1 acid 581:584 formic acid 574:584 formic acid 574:584 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 59 theme potassium 537:545 arg1 carbonate 563:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 59 theme potassium 537:545 arg1 acid 594:597 acetic acid 587:597 acetic acid 587:597 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 59 theme potassium 537:545 arg1 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 59 theme potassium 537:545 arg1 additives 638:646 silage additives 631:646 silage additives 631:646 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 59 theme potassium 537:545 arg1 acid 613:616 propionic acid 603:616 propionic acid 603:616 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 59 theme potassium 537:545 arg1 citrate 547:553 potassium citrate 537:553 potassium citrate 537:553 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 59 theme potassium 537:545 arg1 acid 581:584 formic acid 574:584 formic acid 574:584 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 6 60 theme pH 1177:1178 arg1 value 1180:1184 significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value 1146:1184 significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value 1146:1184 Silages treated with organic acids were preserved with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value, ethanol content and NPN content compared with control. 26990603 3 61 theme formic 574:579 arg1 carbonate 563:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 sodium carbonate 556:571 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 61 theme formic 574:579 arg1 acid 594:597 acetic acid 587:597 acetic acid 587:597 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 61 theme formic 574:579 arg1 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 sucrose 528:534 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 61 theme formic 574:579 arg1 additives 638:646 silage additives 631:646 silage additives 631:646 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 61 theme formic 574:579 arg1 acid 613:616 propionic acid 603:616 propionic acid 603:616 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 61 theme formic 574:579 arg1 citrate 547:553 potassium citrate 537:553 potassium citrate 537:553 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 3 61 theme formic 574:579 arg1 acid 581:584 formic acid 574:584 formic acid 574:584 Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. 26990603 7 62 with treatment 1334:1342 arg1 sucrose 1349:1355 sucrose 1349:1355 sucrose 1349:1355 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 7 62 with treatment 1334:1342 arg1 acids 1368:1372 organic acids 1360:1372 organic acids 1360:1372 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 0 63 theme N 62:62 arg1 distribution 64:75 N distribution 62:75 N distribution 62:75 Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. 26990603 4 64 theme fermentation 799:810 arg1 120 days 787:794 120 days 787:794 120 days of fermentation 787:810 These silos were stored at ambient temperature (5-20°C), and the silage qualities were analyzed after 120 days of fermentation. 26990603 7 65 contain having 1464:1469 arg1 acid 1459:1462 formic acid 1452:1462 formic acid having the best effect 1452:1485 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 7 65 contain having 1464:1469 arg2 effect 1480:1485 the best effect 1471:1485 the best effect 1471:1485 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 1 66 theme high 198:201 arg1 environment 212:222 a high moisture environment 196:222 a high moisture environment 196:222 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 1 67 theme silage 285:290 arg1 quality 266:272 the quality 262:272 the quality of alfalfa silage 262:290 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 26990603 7 68 theme formic 1452:1457 arg1 acid 1459:1462 formic acid 1452:1462 formic acid having the best effect 1452:1485 When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect. 26990603 1 69 theme moisture 203:210 arg1 environment 212:222 a high moisture environment 196:222 a high moisture environment 196:222 In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. 24983695 6 0 from water 1121:1125 arg1 pores 1134:1138 the pores 1130:1138 the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components 1130:1211 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 4 1 theme surface 733:739 arg1 lignin 741:746 surface lignin 733:746 surface lignin 733:746 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS confirmed a reduction in surface lignin by pretreatment and water washing, and suggested that acidification precipitated a chemically modified form of lignin on the surfaces of rice straw. 24983695 6 2 theme rice 1035:1038 arg1 straw 1040:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw 1010:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw 1010:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 0 3 theme surface 76:82 arg1 properties 84:93 the surface properties 72:93 the surface properties of rice straw 72:107 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 0 4 from impact 4:9 arg1 properties 84:93 the surface properties 72:93 the surface properties of rice straw 72:107 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 3 5 from gains 545:549 arg1 accessibility 564:576 cellulose accessibility 554:576 cellulose accessibility to cellulases and enzymatic digestibility due to precipitation of solubilized compounds 554:664 However, acidification after pretreatment reversed the gains in cellulose accessibility to cellulases and enzymatic digestibility due to precipitation of solubilized compounds. 24983695 6 6 theme pretreated 1024:1033 arg1 straw 1040:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw 1010:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw 1010:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 0 7 theme rice 98:101 arg1 straw 103:107 rice straw 98:107 rice straw 98:107 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 5 8 theme pretreated 987:996 arg1 straw 1003:1007 alkali pretreated rice straw 980:1007 alkali pretreated rice straw 980:1007 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 6 9 theme water 1069:1073 arg1 water 1069:1073 water 1069:1073 water 1069:1073 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 6 9 theme water 1069:1073 arg1 amounts 1058:1064 reduced amounts 1050:1064 reduced amounts of water 1050:1073 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 6 10 theme acidified 1014:1022 arg1 straw 1040:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw 1010:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw 1010:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 5 11 theme increased 958:966 arg1 porosity 968:975 increased porosity 958:975 increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw 958:1007 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 1 12 theme hydrochloric 324:335 arg1 acid 337:340 hydrochloric acid 324:340 hydrochloric acid 324:340 Rice straw was pretreated with sodium hydroxide and subsequently conditioned to reduce the pH to 5-6 by either: (1) extensive water washing or (2) acidification with hydrochloric acid then water washing. 24983695 6 13 contain had 1046:1048 arg2 amounts 1058:1064 reduced amounts 1050:1064 reduced amounts of water 1050:1073 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 6 13 contain had 1046:1048 arg2 water 1069:1073 water 1069:1073 water 1069:1073 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 6 13 contain had 1046:1048 arg1 straw 1040:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw 1010:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw 1010:1044 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 5 14 theme rice 998:1001 arg1 straw 1003:1007 alkali pretreated rice straw 980:1007 alkali pretreated rice straw 980:1007 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 5 15 theme spin-spin 901:909 arg1 T2 929:930 T2 929:930 T2 929:930 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 5 15 theme spin-spin 901:909 arg1 times 922:926 The spin-spin relaxation times 897:926 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples 897:946 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 0 16 theme straw 103:107 arg1 properties 84:93 the surface properties 72:93 the surface properties of rice straw 72:107 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 2 17 theme Alkali 362:367 arg1 pretreatment 369:380 Alkali pretreatment 362:380 Alkali pretreatment 362:380 Alkali pretreatment improved the enzymatic digestibility of rice straw by increasing the cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 4 18 theme straw 890:894 arg1 surfaces 873:880 the surfaces 869:880 the surfaces of rice straw 869:894 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS confirmed a reduction in surface lignin by pretreatment and water washing, and suggested that acidification precipitated a chemically modified form of lignin on the surfaces of rice straw. 24983695 4 19 theme washing 774:780 arg1 water 768:772 water washing 768:780 water washing 768:780 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS confirmed a reduction in surface lignin by pretreatment and water washing, and suggested that acidification precipitated a chemically modified form of lignin on the surfaces of rice straw. 24983695 6 20 theme T2 1089:1090 arg1 pools 1099:1103 the longer T2 proton pools 1078:1103 the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components 1078:1211 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 1 21 theme sodium 189:194 arg1 hydroxide 196:204 sodium hydroxide 189:204 sodium hydroxide 189:204 Rice straw was pretreated with sodium hydroxide and subsequently conditioned to reduce the pH to 5-6 by either: (1) extensive water washing or (2) acidification with hydrochloric acid then water washing. 24983695 2 22 theme straw 427:431 arg1 digestibility 405:417 the enzymatic digestibility 391:417 the enzymatic digestibility of rice straw 391:431 Alkali pretreatment improved the enzymatic digestibility of rice straw by increasing the cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 1 23 dep acidification 305:317 arg1 2 302:302 2 302:302 2 302:302 Rice straw was pretreated with sodium hydroxide and subsequently conditioned to reduce the pH to 5-6 by either: (1) extensive water washing or (2) acidification with hydrochloric acid then water washing. 24983695 4 24 theme rice 885:888 arg1 straw 890:894 rice straw 885:894 rice straw 885:894 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS confirmed a reduction in surface lignin by pretreatment and water washing, and suggested that acidification precipitated a chemically modified form of lignin on the surfaces of rice straw. 24983695 6 25 theme due 1162:1164 arg1 biomass 1147:1153 the biomass 1143:1153 the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components 1143:1211 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 5 26 theme relaxation 911:920 arg1 T2 929:930 T2 929:930 T2 929:930 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 5 26 theme relaxation 911:920 arg1 times 922:926 The spin-spin relaxation times 897:926 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples 897:946 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 2 27 theme rice 422:425 arg1 straw 427:431 rice straw 422:431 rice straw 422:431 Alkali pretreatment improved the enzymatic digestibility of rice straw by increasing the cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 6 28 theme proton 1092:1097 arg1 pools 1099:1103 the longer T2 proton pools 1078:1103 the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components 1078:1211 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 3 29 theme cellulose 554:562 arg1 accessibility 564:576 cellulose accessibility 554:576 cellulose accessibility to cellulases and enzymatic digestibility due to precipitation of solubilized compounds 554:664 However, acidification after pretreatment reversed the gains in cellulose accessibility to cellulases and enzymatic digestibility due to precipitation of solubilized compounds. 24983695 6 30 theme precipitated 1189:1200 arg1 components 1202:1211 the precipitated components 1185:1211 the precipitated components 1185:1211 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 0 31 theme cellulose 119:127 arg1 accessibility 129:141 cellulose accessibility 119:141 cellulose accessibility to cellulases 119:155 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 1 32 theme washing 353:359 arg1 water 347:351 water washing 347:359 water washing 347:359 Rice straw was pretreated with sodium hydroxide and subsequently conditioned to reduce the pH to 5-6 by either: (1) extensive water washing or (2) acidification with hydrochloric acid then water washing. 24983695 5 33 theme alkali 980:985 arg1 straw 1003:1007 alkali pretreated rice straw 980:1007 alkali pretreated rice straw 980:1007 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 2 34 theme enzymatic 395:403 arg1 digestibility 405:417 the enzymatic digestibility 391:417 the enzymatic digestibility of rice straw 391:431 Alkali pretreatment improved the enzymatic digestibility of rice straw by increasing the cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 1 35 theme extensive 274:282 arg1 water 284:288 extensive water 274:288 extensive water washing or (2) acidification with hydrochloric acid 274:340 Rice straw was pretreated with sodium hydroxide and subsequently conditioned to reduce the pH to 5-6 by either: (1) extensive water washing or (2) acidification with hydrochloric acid then water washing. 24983695 4 36 from reduction 720:728 arg1 lignin 741:746 surface lignin 733:746 surface lignin 733:746 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS confirmed a reduction in surface lignin by pretreatment and water washing, and suggested that acidification precipitated a chemically modified form of lignin on the surfaces of rice straw. 24983695 4 37 theme lignin 859:864 arg1 form 851:854 a chemically modified form 829:854 a chemically modified form of lignin 829:864 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS confirmed a reduction in surface lignin by pretreatment and water washing, and suggested that acidification precipitated a chemically modified form of lignin on the surfaces of rice straw. 24983695 6 38 theme longer 1082:1087 arg1 pools 1099:1103 the longer T2 proton pools 1078:1103 the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components 1078:1211 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 4 39 theme composition 675:685 arg1 analyses 687:694 Surface composition analyses 667:694 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS 667:706 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS confirmed a reduction in surface lignin by pretreatment and water washing, and suggested that acidification precipitated a chemically modified form of lignin on the surfaces of rice straw. 24983695 2 40 theme cellulose 451:459 arg1 accessibility 461:473 the cellulose accessibility 447:473 the cellulose accessibility to cellulases 447:487 Alkali pretreatment improved the enzymatic digestibility of rice straw by increasing the cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 3 41 theme compounds 656:664 arg1 precipitation 627:639 precipitation 627:639 precipitation of solubilized compounds 627:664 However, acidification after pretreatment reversed the gains in cellulose accessibility to cellulases and enzymatic digestibility due to precipitation of solubilized compounds. 24983695 0 42 theme alkali 14:19 arg1 impact 4:9 The impact 0:9 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw 0:107 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 4 43 theme Surface 667:673 arg1 composition 675:685 Surface composition 667:685 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS 667:706 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS confirmed a reduction in surface lignin by pretreatment and water washing, and suggested that acidification precipitated a chemically modified form of lignin on the surfaces of rice straw. 24983695 1 44 dep water 347:351 arg1 1 271:271 1 271:271 1 271:271 Rice straw was pretreated with sodium hydroxide and subsequently conditioned to reduce the pH to 5-6 by either: (1) extensive water washing or (2) acidification with hydrochloric acid then water washing. 24983695 0 45 theme post-pretreatment 38:54 arg1 alkali 14:19 alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning 14:67 alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning 14:67 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 0 45 theme post-pretreatment 38:54 arg1 conditioning 56:67 post-pretreatment conditioning 38:67 post-pretreatment conditioning 38:67 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 3 46 theme enzymatic 596:604 arg1 digestibility 606:618 enzymatic digestibility 596:618 enzymatic digestibility 596:618 However, acidification after pretreatment reversed the gains in cellulose accessibility to cellulases and enzymatic digestibility due to precipitation of solubilized compounds. 24983695 0 47 dep alkali 14:19 arg1 alkali 14:19 alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning 14:67 alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning 14:67 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 0 47 dep alkali 14:19 arg1 pretreatment 21:32 pretreatment 21:32 pretreatment 21:32 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 0 47 dep alkali 14:19 arg1 conditioning 56:67 post-pretreatment conditioning 38:67 post-pretreatment conditioning 38:67 The impact of alkali pretreatment and post-pretreatment conditioning on the surface properties of rice straw affecting cellulose accessibility to cellulases. 24983695 5 48 theme samples 940:946 arg1 T2 929:930 T2 929:930 T2 929:930 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 5 48 theme samples 940:946 arg1 times 922:926 The spin-spin relaxation times 897:926 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples 897:946 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 3 49 theme solubilized 644:654 arg1 compounds 656:664 solubilized compounds 644:664 solubilized compounds 644:664 However, acidification after pretreatment reversed the gains in cellulose accessibility to cellulases and enzymatic digestibility due to precipitation of solubilized compounds. 24983695 6 50 theme reduced 1050:1056 arg1 water 1069:1073 water 1069:1073 water 1069:1073 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 6 50 theme reduced 1050:1056 arg1 amounts 1058:1064 reduced amounts 1050:1064 reduced amounts of water 1050:1073 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 5 51 from porosity 968:975 arg1 straw 1003:1007 alkali pretreated rice straw 980:1007 alkali pretreated rice straw 980:1007 The spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of the samples indicated increased porosity in alkali pretreated rice straw. 24983695 6 52 theme biomass 1147:1153 arg1 pores 1134:1138 the pores 1130:1138 the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components 1130:1211 The acidified pretreated rice straw had reduced amounts of water in the longer T2 proton pools associated with water in the pores of the biomass likely due to back-filling by the precipitated components. 24983695 4 53 theme modified 842:849 arg1 form 851:854 a chemically modified form 829:854 a chemically modified form of lignin 829:864 Surface composition analyses by ToF-SIMS confirmed a reduction in surface lignin by pretreatment and water washing, and suggested that acidification precipitated a chemically modified form of lignin on the surfaces of rice straw. 24983695 1 54 theme Rice 158:161 arg1 straw 163:167 Rice straw 158:167 Rice straw 158:167 Rice straw was pretreated with sodium hydroxide and subsequently conditioned to reduce the pH to 5-6 by either: (1) extensive water washing or (2) acidification with hydrochloric acid then water washing. 25879209 4 0 theme low-concentrate 830:844 arg1 LC 852:853 LC 852:853 LC 852:853 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 4 0 theme low-concentrate 830:844 arg1 diet 846:849 a low-concentrate diet 828:849 a low-concentrate diet (LC) 828:854 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 1 1 theme lactating 252:260 arg1 demands 262:268 lactating demands 252:268 lactating demands 252:268 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 9 2 theme transcriptional 1506:1520 arg1 regulators 1522:1531 transcriptional regulators 1506:1531 transcriptional regulators 1506:1531 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 0 3 attach derived 19:25 arg2 Lipopolysaccharide 0:17 Lipopolysaccharide 0:17 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen 0:40 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 0 3 attach derived 19:25 arg1 rumen 36:40 the rumen 32:40 the rumen 32:40 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 6 4 theme long 1098:1101 arg1 profile 1120:1126 The long chain fatty acid profile 1094:1126 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein 1094:1156 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein was remarkably altered in the animals fed the HC diet. 25879209 7 5 theme total 1273:1277 arg1 TCH 1292:1294 TCH 1292:1294 TCH 1292:1294 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 7 5 theme total 1273:1277 arg1 cholesterol 1279:1289 total cholesterol 1273:1289 total cholesterol (TCH) 1273:1295 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 0 6 theme cows 150:153 arg1 composition 116:126 fatty acid composition 105:126 fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 105:181 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 6 7 theme hepatic 1145:1151 arg1 vein 1153:1156 hepatic vein 1145:1156 hepatic vein 1145:1156 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein was remarkably altered in the animals fed the HC diet. 25879209 1 8 theme Dairy 195:199 arg1 cows 201:204 BACKGROUND Dairy cows 184:204 BACKGROUND Dairy cows 184:204 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 9 9 theme sterol 1552:1557 arg1 element 1570:1576 sterol regulatory element 1552:1576 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) 1552:1669 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 9 10 theme element 1570:1576 arg1 expression 1538:1547 the expression 1534:1547 the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) 1534:1669 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 9 11 theme transcription 1586:1598 arg1 factors 1600:1606 transcription factors 1586:1606 transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) 1586:1624 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 7 12 theme fatty 1251:1255 arg1 acid 1257:1260 non-esterified fatty acid 1236:1260 non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) 1236:1267 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 7 12 theme fatty 1251:1255 arg1 NEFA 1263:1266 NEFA 1263:1266 NEFA 1263:1266 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 10 13 theme desaturase 1875:1884 arg1 expression 1888:1897 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression 1862:1897 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression 1862:1897 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 6 14 theme HC 1204:1205 arg1 diet 1207:1210 the HC diet 1200:1210 the HC diet 1200:1210 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein was remarkably altered in the animals fed the HC diet. 25879209 4 15 from groups 790:795 arg1 experiment 804:813 the experiment 800:813 the experiment 800:813 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 4 16 theme high-concentrate 859:874 arg1 HC 882:883 HC 882:883 HC 882:883 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 4 16 theme high-concentrate 859:874 arg1 diet 876:879 high-concentrate diet 859:879 high-concentrate diet (HC) 859:884 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 0 17 from composition 116:126 arg1 liver 135:139 the liver 131:139 the liver 131:139 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 10 18 theme acid 1916:1919 arg1 composition 1921:1931 fatty acid composition 1910:1931 fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 1910:1986 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 2 19 theme ruminants 481:489 arg1 liver 462:466 the liver 458:466 the liver of lactating ruminants 458:489 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) participates in fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver of lactating ruminants. 25879209 6 20 theme fatty 1109:1113 arg1 profile 1120:1126 The long chain fatty acid profile 1094:1126 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein 1094:1156 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein was remarkably altered in the animals fed the HC diet. 25879209 3 21 attach derived 570:576 arg2 lipopolysaccharide 551:568 lipopolysaccharide 551:568 lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen 551:591 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 3 21 attach derived 570:576 arg1 rumen 587:591 the rumen 583:591 the rumen 583:591 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 9 22 theme SREBP 1630:1634 arg1 SCAP 1665:1668 SCAP 1665:1668 SCAP 1665:1668 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 9 22 theme SREBP 1630:1634 arg1 protein 1656:1662 SREBP cleavage activating protein 1630:1662 SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) 1630:1669 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 6 23 theme acid 1115:1118 arg1 profile 1120:1126 The long chain fatty acid profile 1094:1126 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein 1094:1156 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein was remarkably altered in the animals fed the HC diet. 25879209 0 24 theme fatty 105:109 arg1 composition 116:126 fatty acid composition 105:126 fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 105:181 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 5 25 theme decreased 1018:1026 arg1 pH 1034:1035 a decreased rumen pH 1016:1035 a decreased rumen pH 1016:1035 RESULTS The results showed that the total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid accumulated in the rumen, leading to a decreased rumen pH and elevated lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the HC group. 25879209 9 26 theme activating 1645:1654 arg1 SCAP 1665:1668 SCAP 1665:1668 SCAP 1665:1668 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 9 26 theme activating 1645:1654 arg1 protein 1656:1662 SREBP cleavage activating protein 1630:1662 SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) 1630:1669 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 10 27 attach derived 1824:1830 arg1 rumen 1841:1845 the rumen 1837:1845 the rumen 1837:1845 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 10 27 attach derived 1824:1830 arg2 lipopolysaccharide 1805:1822 lipopolysaccharide 1805:1822 lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen 1805:1845 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 9 28 dep factors 1600:1606 arg1 SREBF2 1618:1623 SREBF2 1618:1623 SREBF2 1618:1623 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 9 28 dep factors 1600:1606 arg1 SREBF1c 1609:1615 SREBF1c 1609:1615 SREBF1c 1609:1615 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 2 29 theme fatty 431:435 arg1 biosynthesis 442:453 fatty acid biosynthesis 431:453 fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver of lactating ruminants 431:489 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) participates in fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver of lactating ruminants. 25879209 4 30 theme multiparous 704:714 arg1 455 ± 28 kg 745:755 455 ± 28 kg 745:755 455 ± 28 kg 745:755 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 4 30 theme multiparous 704:714 arg1 cows 739:742 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows 698:742 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) 698:756 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 1 31 from decrease 361:368 arg1 fat 378:380 milk fat 373:380 milk fat 373:380 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 4 32 theme Holstein 730:737 arg1 455 ± 28 kg 745:755 455 ± 28 kg 745:755 455 ± 28 kg 745:755 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 4 32 theme Holstein 730:737 arg1 cows 739:742 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows 698:742 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) 698:756 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 1 33 theme concentrate 285:295 arg1 feeding 297:303 long-term concentrate feeding 275:303 long-term concentrate feeding 275:303 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 3 34 theme acid 625:628 arg1 composition 630:640 fatty acid composition 619:640 fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 619:695 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 0 35 theme stearoyl-CoA 57:68 arg1 desaturase 70:79 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 57:81 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression 57:92 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 1 36 theme ruminal 322:328 arg1 SARA 340:343 SARA 340:343 SARA 340:343 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 1 36 theme ruminal 322:328 arg1 acidosis 330:337 subacute ruminal acidosis 313:337 subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) 313:344 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 10 37 from composition 1921:1931 arg1 liver 1940:1944 the liver 1936:1944 the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 1936:1986 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 9 38 theme proliferator-activated 1708:1729 arg1 receptor 1731:1738 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α 1697:1740 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) 1697:1748 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 9 38 theme proliferator-activated 1708:1729 arg1 PPARα 1743:1747 PPARα 1743:1747 PPARα 1743:1747 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 7 39 theme plasma 1356:1361 arg1 glucose 1363:1369 plasma glucose 1356:1369 plasma glucose 1356:1369 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 5 40 theme total 936:940 arg1 acids 957:961 the total volatile fatty acids 932:961 the total volatile fatty acids 932:961 RESULTS The results showed that the total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid accumulated in the rumen, leading to a decreased rumen pH and elevated lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the HC group. 25879209 10 41 theme dairy 1949:1953 arg1 cows 1955:1958 dairy cows 1949:1958 dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 1949:1986 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 3 42 from composition 630:640 arg1 liver 649:653 the liver 645:653 the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 645:695 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 5 43 theme fatty 951:955 arg1 acids 957:961 the total volatile fatty acids 932:961 the total volatile fatty acids 932:961 RESULTS The results showed that the total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid accumulated in the rumen, leading to a decreased rumen pH and elevated lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the HC group. 25879209 10 44 theme high-concentrate 1966:1981 arg1 diet 1983:1986 a high-concentrate diet 1964:1986 a high-concentrate diet 1964:1986 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 8 45 theme HC 1482:1483 arg1 group 1485:1489 the HC group 1478:1489 the HC group 1478:1489 The expression of SCD1 in the liver was significantly down-regulated in the HC group. 25879209 3 46 theme dairy 658:662 arg1 cows 664:667 dairy cows 658:667 dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 658:695 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 8 47 from expression 1410:1419 arg1 liver 1436:1440 the liver 1432:1440 the liver 1432:1440 The expression of SCD1 in the liver was significantly down-regulated in the HC group. 25879209 2 48 theme acid 437:440 arg1 biosynthesis 442:453 fatty acid biosynthesis 431:453 fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver of lactating ruminants 431:489 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) participates in fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver of lactating ruminants. 25879209 3 49 theme high-concentrate 675:690 arg1 diet 692:695 a high-concentrate diet 673:695 a high-concentrate diet 673:695 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 1 50 theme BACKGROUND 184:193 arg1 cows 201:204 BACKGROUND Dairy cows 184:204 BACKGROUND Dairy cows 184:204 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 7 51 theme cholesterol 1279:1289 arg1 content 1297:1303 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content 1213:1303 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma 1213:1317 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 9 52 theme regulatory 1559:1568 arg1 element 1570:1576 sterol regulatory element 1552:1576 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) 1552:1669 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 0 53 theme dairy 144:148 arg1 cows 150:153 dairy cows 144:153 dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 144:181 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 1 54 theme milk 373:376 arg1 fat 378:380 milk fat 373:380 milk fat 373:380 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 3 55 theme lipopolysaccharide 551:568 arg1 impact 541:546 the impact 537:546 the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 537:695 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 7 56 theme acid 1257:1260 arg1 content 1297:1303 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content 1213:1303 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma 1213:1317 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 10 57 theme stearoyl-CoA 1862:1873 arg1 desaturase 1875:1884 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 1862:1886 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression 1862:1897 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 0 58 theme high-concentrate 161:176 arg1 diet 178:181 a high-concentrate diet 159:181 a high-concentrate diet 159:181 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 3 59 theme SCD1 596:599 arg1 expression 601:610 SCD1 expression 596:610 SCD1 expression 596:610 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 7 60 theme non-esterified 1236:1249 arg1 acid 1257:1260 non-esterified fatty acid 1236:1260 non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) 1236:1267 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 7 60 theme non-esterified 1236:1249 arg1 NEFA 1263:1266 NEFA 1263:1266 NEFA 1263:1266 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 3 61 from impact 541:546 arg1 composition 630:640 fatty acid composition 619:640 fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 619:695 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 3 61 from impact 541:546 arg1 expression 601:610 SCD1 expression 596:610 SCD1 expression 596:610 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 10 62 theme fatty 1910:1914 arg1 composition 1921:1931 fatty acid composition 1910:1931 fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 1910:1986 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 2 63 theme lactating 471:479 arg1 ruminants 481:489 lactating ruminants 471:489 lactating ruminants 471:489 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) participates in fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver of lactating ruminants. 25879209 6 64 theme chain 1103:1107 arg1 profile 1120:1126 The long chain fatty acid profile 1094:1126 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein 1094:1156 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein was remarkably altered in the animals fed the HC diet. 25879209 5 65 dep RESULTS 900:906 arg1 showed 920:925 showed 920:925 showed that the total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid accumulated in the rumen, leading to a decreased rumen pH and elevated lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the HC group 920:1091 RESULTS The results showed that the total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid accumulated in the rumen, leading to a decreased rumen pH and elevated lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the HC group. 25879209 6 66 dep rumen 1135:1139 arg1 the 1131:1133 the 1131:1133 the 1131:1133 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein was remarkably altered in the animals fed the HC diet. 25879209 6 67 from profile 1120:1126 arg1 rumen 1135:1139 rumen 1135:1139 rumen 1135:1139 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein was remarkably altered in the animals fed the HC diet. 25879209 6 67 from profile 1120:1126 arg1 vein 1153:1156 hepatic vein 1145:1156 hepatic vein 1145:1156 The long chain fatty acid profile in the rumen and hepatic vein was remarkably altered in the animals fed the HC diet. 25879209 0 68 theme acid 111:114 arg1 composition 116:126 fatty acid composition 105:126 fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 105:181 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 7 69 from content 1297:1303 arg1 plasma 1312:1317 the plasma 1308:1317 the plasma 1308:1317 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 9 70 theme cleavage 1636:1643 arg1 SCAP 1665:1668 SCAP 1665:1668 SCAP 1665:1668 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 9 70 theme cleavage 1636:1643 arg1 protein 1656:1662 SREBP cleavage activating protein 1630:1662 SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) 1630:1669 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 2 71 from biosynthesis 442:453 arg1 liver 462:466 the liver 458:466 the liver of lactating ruminants 458:489 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) participates in fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver of lactating ruminants. 25879209 5 72 theme rumen 1028:1032 arg1 pH 1034:1035 a decreased rumen pH 1016:1035 a decreased rumen pH 1016:1035 RESULTS The results showed that the total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid accumulated in the rumen, leading to a decreased rumen pH and elevated lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the HC group. 25879209 7 73 theme triglyceride 1217:1228 arg1 content 1297:1303 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content 1213:1303 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma 1213:1317 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 1 74 theme long-term 275:283 arg1 feeding 297:303 long-term concentrate feeding 275:303 long-term concentrate feeding 275:303 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 8 75 theme SCD1 1424:1427 arg1 expression 1410:1419 The expression 1406:1419 The expression of SCD1 in the liver 1406:1440 The expression of SCD1 in the liver was significantly down-regulated in the HC group. 25879209 3 76 theme fatty 619:623 arg1 composition 630:640 fatty acid composition 619:640 fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 619:695 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 4 77 theme mid-lactating 716:728 arg1 455 ± 28 kg 745:755 455 ± 28 kg 745:755 455 ± 28 kg 745:755 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 4 77 theme mid-lactating 716:728 arg1 cows 739:742 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows 698:742 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) 698:756 Eight multiparous mid-lactating Holstein cows (455 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups in the experiment and were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC) or high-concentrate diet (HC) for 18 weeks. 25879209 10 78 dep CONCLUSIONS 1768:1778 arg1 indicate 1791:1798 indicate 1791:1798 indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 1791:1986 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 2 79 theme Stearoyl-CoA 383:394 arg1 desaturase1 396:406 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 383:406 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) 383:413 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) participates in fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver of lactating ruminants. 25879209 2 79 theme Stearoyl-CoA 383:394 arg1 SCD1 409:412 SCD1 409:412 SCD1 409:412 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) participates in fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver of lactating ruminants. 25879209 0 80 theme desaturase 70:79 arg1 expression 83:92 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression 57:92 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression 57:92 Lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 1 81 theme subacute 313:320 arg1 SARA 340:343 SARA 340:343 SARA 340:343 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 1 81 theme subacute 313:320 arg1 acidosis 330:337 subacute ruminal acidosis 313:337 subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) 313:344 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 5 82 theme lactic 967:972 arg1 acid 974:977 lactic acid 967:977 lactic acid 967:977 RESULTS The results showed that the total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid accumulated in the rumen, leading to a decreased rumen pH and elevated lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the HC group. 25879209 9 83 theme peroxisome 1697:1706 arg1 receptor 1731:1738 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α 1697:1740 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) 1697:1748 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 9 83 theme peroxisome 1697:1706 arg1 PPARα 1743:1747 PPARα 1743:1747 PPARα 1743:1747 In regards to transcriptional regulators, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors (SREBF1c, SREBF2) and SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) was down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was up-regulated. 25879209 5 84 theme HC 1084:1085 arg1 group 1087:1091 the HC group 1080:1091 the HC group 1080:1091 RESULTS The results showed that the total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid accumulated in the rumen, leading to a decreased rumen pH and elevated lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the HC group. 25879209 7 85 theme insulin 1375:1381 arg1 levels 1383:1388 plasma glucose and insulin levels 1356:1388 plasma glucose and insulin levels 1356:1388 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 10 86 theme cows 1955:1958 arg1 liver 1940:1944 the liver 1936:1944 the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 1936:1986 CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression and alters fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 25879209 1 87 theme high-concentrate 222:237 arg1 diet 239:242 a high-concentrate diet 220:242 a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands 220:268 BACKGROUND Dairy cows are often fed a high-concentrate diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. 25879209 7 88 theme glucose 1363:1369 arg1 levels 1383:1388 plasma glucose and insulin levels 1356:1388 plasma glucose and insulin levels 1356:1388 The triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) content in the plasma was significantly decreased, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were increased. 25879209 5 89 theme volatile 942:949 arg1 acids 957:961 the total volatile fatty acids 932:961 the total volatile fatty acids 932:961 RESULTS The results showed that the total volatile fatty acids and lactic acid accumulated in the rumen, leading to a decreased rumen pH and elevated lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the HC group. 25879209 3 90 theme cows 664:667 arg1 liver 649:653 the liver 645:653 the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet 645:695 Here, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of lipopolysaccharide derived from the rumen on SCD1 expression and on fatty acid composition in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. 27131433 9 0 from LG 1736:1737 arg1 extracts 1722:1729 The phenolic and terpene extracts 1697:1729 extracts 1722:1729 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 1 1 theme digestive 394:402 arg1 disorders 404:412 respiratory and digestive disorders 378:412 respiratory and digestive disorders 378:412 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 9 2 theme significant 1760:1770 arg1 effect 1783:1788 significant inhibitory effect 1760:1788 significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1760:1898 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 3 from suppression 136:146 arg1 cells 215:219 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 194:219 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 194:219 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 3 4 theme species 732:738 arg1 potential 713:721 the anti-inflammatory potential 691:721 the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) 691:827 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 7 5 theme phenolic 1429:1436 arg1 compounds 1438:1446 Nine phenolic compounds 1424:1446 Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) 1424:1478 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 3 6 theme oregano 751:757 arg1 species 732:738 three species 726:738 three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) 726:827 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 4 7 dep oregano 961:967 arg1 leaves 969:974 leaves 969:974 leaves 969:974 MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species. 27131433 11 8 theme LP 2144:2145 arg1 extracts 2128:2135 the total extracts 2118:2135 the total extracts of LG, LP and HP 2118:2152 Furthermore, the total extracts of LG, LP and HP exhibited non-selective inhibitions against the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. 27131433 8 9 from effect 1654:1659 arg1 mediators 1686:1694 some pro-inflammatory mediators 1664:1694 some pro-inflammatory mediators 1664:1694 We studied extracts from LG, LP and HP, and fractions from LG and LP in order to know their effect on some pro-inflammatory mediators. 27131433 0 10 theme RAW 194:196 arg1 cells 215:219 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 194:219 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 194:219 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 9 11 theme NO 1801:1802 arg1 production 1804:1813 NO production 1801:1813 NO production 1801:1813 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 12 theme macrophage 204:213 arg1 cells 215:219 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 194:219 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 194:219 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 11 13 dep cyclooxygenases 2218:2232 arg1 cyclooxygenases 2218:2232 the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 2214:2248 the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 2214:2248 Furthermore, the total extracts of LG, LP and HP exhibited non-selective inhibitions against the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. 27131433 11 13 dep cyclooxygenases 2218:2232 arg1 COX-2 2244:2248 COX-2 2244:2248 COX-2 2244:2248 Furthermore, the total extracts of LG, LP and HP exhibited non-selective inhibitions against the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. 27131433 11 13 dep cyclooxygenases 2218:2232 arg1 COX-1 2234:2238 COX-1 2234:2238 COX-1 2234:2238 Furthermore, the total extracts of LG, LP and HP exhibited non-selective inhibitions against the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. 27131433 13 14 theme diseases 2557:2564 arg1 treatment 2523:2531 the treatment 2519:2531 the treatment of inflammation-related diseases 2519:2564 These findings support the claim for their traditional use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. 27131433 11 15 theme non-selective 2164:2176 arg1 inhibitions 2178:2188 non-selective inhibitions 2164:2188 non-selective inhibitions against the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 2164:2248 Furthermore, the total extracts of LG, LP and HP exhibited non-selective inhibitions against the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. 27131433 12 16 dep CONCLUSIONS 2251:2261 arg1 suggest 2275:2281 suggest 2275:2281 suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 2275:2455 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 27131433 3 17 dep determine 628:636 arg1 provide 841:847 provide 841:847 to provide a scientific basis for their use 838:880 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 11 18 theme HP 2151:2152 arg1 extracts 2128:2135 the total extracts 2118:2135 the total extracts of LG, LP and HP 2118:2152 Furthermore, the total extracts of LG, LP and HP exhibited non-selective inhibitions against the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. 27131433 5 19 theme phenolic 1045:1052 arg1 profiles 1066:1073 the phenolic and terpene profiles 1041:1073 profiles 1066:1073 We used LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS to determine the phenolic and terpene profiles of the leaves, respectively. 27131433 3 20 theme STUDY 619:623 arg1 AIM 608:610 AIM 608:610 AIM OF THE STUDY 608:623 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 0 21 from species 55:61 arg1 polyphenols 32:42 polyphenols 32:42 polyphenols 32:42 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 21 from species 55:61 arg1 terpenes 19:26 terpenes 19:26 terpenes 19:26 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 21 from species 55:61 arg1 role 11:14 Protective role 0:14 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 0:220 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 9 22 from production 1804:1813 arg1 inflammation 1857:1868 LPS-induced inflammation 1845:1868 LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1845:1898 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 9 23 theme LPS-induced 1845:1855 arg1 inflammation 1857:1868 LPS-induced inflammation 1845:1868 LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1845:1898 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 6 24 theme oxygen 1272:1277 arg1 ROS 1288:1290 ROS 1288:1290 ROS 1288:1290 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 24 theme oxygen 1272:1277 arg1 species 1279:1285 reactive oxygen species 1263:1285 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1263:1291 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 25 theme extracts 1188:1195 arg1 effect 1162:1167 the effect 1158:1167 the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1158:1291 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 3 26 theme phenolic 642:649 arg1 composition 663:673 the phenolic and terpene composition 638:673 composition 663:673 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 6 27 theme Mexican 1172:1178 arg1 extracts 1188:1195 Mexican oregano extracts 1172:1195 Mexican oregano extracts 1172:1195 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 10 28 theme active 2076:2081 arg1 monoterpenes 2040:2051 monoterpenes 2040:2051 monoterpenes 2040:2051 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 28 theme active 2076:2081 arg1 sesquiterpenes 2057:2070 sesquiterpenes 2057:2070 sesquiterpenes 2057:2070 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 28 theme active 2076:2081 arg1 compounds 2083:2091 active compounds 2076:2091 active compounds of oregano 2076:2102 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 29 theme Nitric 1901:1906 arg1 oxide 1908:1912 Nitric oxide 1901:1912 Nitric oxide production 1901:1923 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 1 30 theme inflammation-related 339:358 arg1 headaches 415:423 headaches 415:423 headaches 415:423 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 1 30 theme inflammation-related 339:358 arg1 disorders 404:412 respiratory and digestive disorders 378:412 respiratory and digestive disorders 378:412 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 1 30 theme inflammation-related 339:358 arg1 diseases 360:367 inflammation-related diseases 339:367 inflammation-related diseases 339:367 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 1 30 theme inflammation-related 339:358 arg1 rheumatism 429:438 rheumatism 429:438 rheumatism 429:438 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 2 31 theme phenolic 512:519 arg1 compounds 521:529 the phenolic compounds 508:529 the phenolic compounds 508:529 Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano. 27131433 2 31 theme phenolic 512:519 arg1 composition 545:555 composition 545:555 composition 545:555 Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano. 27131433 2 31 theme phenolic 512:519 arg1 terpenes 532:539 terpenes 532:539 terpenes 532:539 Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano. 27131433 0 32 theme Oregano 66:72 arg1 species 55:61 three species 49:61 three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) 49:127 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 33 theme inflammation 178:189 arg1 suppression 136:146 the suppression 132:146 the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 132:219 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 11 34 theme total 2122:2126 arg1 extracts 2128:2135 the total extracts 2118:2135 the total extracts of LG, LP and HP 2118:2152 Furthermore, the total extracts of LG, LP and HP exhibited non-selective inhibitions against the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. 27131433 12 35 contain have 2350:2353 arg1 Hedeoma 2326:2332 Hedeoma 2326:2332 Hedeoma 2326:2332 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 27131433 12 35 contain have 2350:2353 arg1 Lippia 2288:2293 Lippia 2288:2293 Lippia 2288:2293 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 27131433 12 35 contain have 2350:2353 arg1 Lippia 2307:2312 Lippia 2307:2312 Lippia 2307:2312 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 27131433 12 35 contain have 2350:2353 arg2 potential 2359:2367 the potential to treat inflammatory diseases 2355:2398 the potential to treat inflammatory diseases 2355:2398 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 27131433 13 36 theme traditional 2500:2510 arg1 use 2512:2514 their traditional use 2494:2514 their traditional use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases 2494:2564 These findings support the claim for their traditional use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. 27131433 5 37 theme terpene 1058:1064 arg1 profiles 1066:1073 the phenolic and terpene profiles 1041:1073 profiles 1066:1073 We used LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS to determine the phenolic and terpene profiles of the leaves, respectively. 27131433 0 38 theme polyphenols 32:42 arg1 role 11:14 Protective role 0:14 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 0:220 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 39 theme Protective 0:9 arg1 role 11:14 Protective role 0:14 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 0:220 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 40 dep Oregano 66:72 arg1 graveolens 82:91 Lippia graveolens 75:91 Lippia graveolens 75:91 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 40 dep Oregano 66:72 arg1 palmeri 101:107 Lippia palmeri 94:107 Lippia palmeri 94:107 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 40 dep Oregano 66:72 arg1 patens 121:126 Hedeoma patens 113:126 Hedeoma patens 113:126 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 9 41 theme phenolic 1701:1708 arg1 extracts 1722:1729 The phenolic and terpene extracts 1697:1729 extracts 1722:1729 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 42 from inflammation 178:189 arg1 cells 215:219 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 194:219 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 194:219 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 7 43 dep compounds 1438:1446 arg1 flavonoids 1468:1477 flavonoids 1468:1477 flavonoids 1468:1477 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 7 43 dep compounds 1438:1446 arg1 acids 1458:1462 phenolic acids 1449:1462 phenolic acids 1449:1462 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 13 44 from use 2512:2514 arg1 treatment 2523:2531 the treatment 2519:2531 the treatment of inflammation-related diseases 2519:2564 These findings support the claim for their traditional use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. 27131433 9 45 theme terpene 1714:1720 arg1 extracts 1722:1729 The phenolic and terpene extracts 1697:1729 extracts 1722:1729 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 8 46 from LG 1621:1622 arg1 extracts 1573:1580 extracts 1573:1580 extracts from LG, LP and HP, 1573:1600 We studied extracts from LG, LP and HP, and fractions from LG and LP in order to know their effect on some pro-inflammatory mediators. 27131433 8 46 from LG 1621:1622 arg1 fractions 1606:1614 fractions 1606:1614 fractions from LG and LP 1606:1629 We studied extracts from LG, LP and HP, and fractions from LG and LP in order to know their effect on some pro-inflammatory mediators. 27131433 6 47 dep evaluated 1107:1115 arg1 evaluating 1365:1374 evaluating 1365:1374 evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2) 1365:1413 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 47 dep evaluated 1107:1115 arg1 using 1293:1297 using 1293:1297 using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1293:1359 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 4 48 theme each 979:982 arg1 species 984:990 each species 979:990 each species 979:990 MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species. 27131433 5 49 dep the 1078:1080 arg1 leaves 1082:1087 leaves 1082:1087 leaves 1082:1087 We used LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS to determine the phenolic and terpene profiles of the leaves, respectively. 27131433 3 50 theme terpene 655:661 arg1 composition 663:673 the phenolic and terpene composition 638:673 composition 663:673 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 12 51 dep Lippia 2307:2312 arg1 palmeri 2314:2320 Lippia palmeri 2307:2320 Lippia palmeri 2307:2320 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 27131433 10 52 theme fraction 1963:1970 arg1 LGF2 1972:1975 the terpene LG fraction LGF2 1948:1975 the terpene LG fraction LGF2 1948:1975 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 3 53 theme anti-inflammatory 695:711 arg1 potential 713:721 the anti-inflammatory potential 691:721 the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) 691:827 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 12 54 theme inflammatory 2378:2389 arg1 diseases 2391:2398 inflammatory diseases 2378:2398 inflammatory diseases 2378:2398 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 27131433 11 55 theme cyclooxygenases 2218:2232 arg1 activity 2202:2209 the activity 2198:2209 the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 2198:2248 Furthermore, the total extracts of LG, LP and HP exhibited non-selective inhibitions against the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. 27131433 6 56 dep COX-1 1401:1405 arg1 COX-2 1408:1412 COX-2 1408:1412 COX-2 1408:1412 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 7 57 theme phenolic 1449:1456 arg1 acids 1458:1462 phenolic acids 1449:1462 phenolic acids 1449:1462 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 7 58 located detected 1535:1542 arg1 LP 1551:1552 LP 1551:1552 LP 1551:1552 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 7 58 located detected 1535:1542 arg2 terpenes 1487:1494 22 terpenes 1484:1494 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) 1484:1528 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 7 58 located detected 1535:1542 arg1 LG 1547:1548 LG 1547:1548 LG 1547:1548 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 7 58 located detected 1535:1542 arg2 RESULTS 1416:1422 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) 1416:1528 RESULTS 1416:1422 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 7 58 located detected 1535:1542 arg1 HP 1558:1559 HP 1558:1559 HP 1558:1559 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 10 59 theme terpene 1952:1958 arg1 LGF2 1972:1975 the terpene LG fraction LGF2 1948:1975 the terpene LG fraction LGF2 1948:1975 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 8 60 from LP 1628:1629 arg1 extracts 1573:1580 extracts 1573:1580 extracts from LG, LP and HP, 1573:1600 We studied extracts from LG, LP and HP, and fractions from LG and LP in order to know their effect on some pro-inflammatory mediators. 27131433 8 60 from LP 1628:1629 arg1 fractions 1606:1614 fractions 1606:1614 fractions from LG and LP 1606:1629 We studied extracts from LG, LP and HP, and fractions from LG and LP in order to know their effect on some pro-inflammatory mediators. 27131433 5 61 used used 996:999 arg2 We 993:994 We 993:994 We 993:994 We used LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS to determine the phenolic and terpene profiles of the leaves, respectively. 27131433 1 62 theme RELEVANCE 243:251 arg1 infusions 269:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions 222:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions 222:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 2 63 theme limited 478:484 arg1 information 486:496 limited information 478:496 limited information regarding the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano 478:605 Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano. 27131433 10 64 theme LP 1985:1986 arg1 LPF3 2013:2016 LPF3 2013:2016 LPF3 2013:2016 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 64 theme LP 1985:1986 arg1 fractions 1988:1996 the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3 1981:2016 the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3 1981:2016 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 64 theme LP 1985:1986 arg1 LPF2 2004:2007 LPF2 2004:2007 LPF2 2004:2007 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 64 theme LP 1985:1986 arg1 LPF1 1998:2001 LPF1 1998:2001 LPF1 1998:2001 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 4 65 theme dried 955:959 arg1 oregano 961:967 dried oregano leaves 955:974 dried oregano leaves of each species 955:990 MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species. 27131433 0 66 theme lipopolysaccharide-induced 151:176 arg1 inflammation 178:189 lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation 151:189 lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 151:219 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 1 67 theme oregano 261:267 arg1 infusions 269:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions 222:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions 222:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 9 68 theme inhibitory 1772:1781 arg1 effect 1783:1788 significant inhibitory effect 1760:1788 significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1760:1898 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 9 69 from effect 1783:1788 arg1 ROS 1793:1795 ROS 1793:1795 ROS 1793:1795 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 9 69 from effect 1783:1788 arg1 production 1804:1813 NO production 1801:1813 NO production 1801:1813 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 11 70 theme LG 2140:2141 arg1 extracts 2128:2135 the total extracts 2118:2135 the total extracts of LG, LP and HP 2118:2152 Furthermore, the total extracts of LG, LP and HP exhibited non-selective inhibitions against the activity of the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. 27131433 6 71 theme nitric 1241:1246 arg1 NO 1255:1256 NO 1255:1256 NO 1255:1256 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 71 theme nitric 1241:1246 arg1 oxide 1248:1252 nitric oxide 1241:1252 nitric oxide (NO) 1241:1257 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 1 72 used used 303:306 arg2 infusions 269:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions 222:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions 222:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 6 73 theme -stimulated 1322:1332 arg1 cells 1355:1359 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1299:1359 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1299:1359 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 74 theme anti-inflammatory 1117:1133 arg1 potential 1135:1143 anti-inflammatory potential 1117:1143 anti-inflammatory potential 1117:1143 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 9 75 from HP 1747:1748 arg1 extracts 1722:1729 The phenolic and terpene extracts 1697:1729 extracts 1722:1729 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 2 76 theme biological 568:577 arg1 activity 579:586 biological activity 568:586 the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano 508:605 Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano. 27131433 9 77 from LP 1740:1741 arg1 extracts 1722:1729 The phenolic and terpene extracts 1697:1729 extracts 1722:1729 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 9 78 theme mitochondrial 1819:1831 arg1 activity 1833:1840 mitochondrial activity 1819:1840 mitochondrial activity 1819:1840 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 6 79 theme pro-inflammatory 1205:1220 arg1 species 1279:1285 reactive oxygen species 1263:1285 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1263:1291 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 79 theme pro-inflammatory 1205:1220 arg1 oxide 1248:1252 nitric oxide 1241:1252 nitric oxide (NO) 1241:1257 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 79 theme pro-inflammatory 1205:1220 arg1 mediators 1222:1230 some pro-inflammatory mediators 1200:1230 some pro-inflammatory mediators 1200:1230 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 4 80 from oregano 961:967 arg1 extracts 941:948 methanol and chloroform extracts 917:948 methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species 917:990 MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species. 27131433 2 81 theme oregano 599:605 arg1 compounds 521:529 the phenolic compounds 508:529 the phenolic compounds 508:529 Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano. 27131433 2 81 theme oregano 599:605 arg1 activity 579:586 biological activity 568:586 the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano 508:605 Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano. 27131433 2 81 theme oregano 599:605 arg1 composition 545:555 composition 545:555 composition 545:555 Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano. 27131433 2 81 theme oregano 599:605 arg1 terpenes 532:539 terpenes 532:539 terpenes 532:539 Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the phenolic compounds, terpenes and composition as well as biological activity of Mexican oregano. 27131433 6 82 theme reactive 1263:1270 arg1 ROS 1288:1290 ROS 1288:1290 ROS 1288:1290 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 82 theme reactive 1263:1270 arg1 species 1279:1285 reactive oxygen species 1263:1285 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1263:1291 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 83 theme oregano 1180:1186 arg1 extracts 1188:1195 Mexican oregano extracts 1172:1195 Mexican oregano extracts 1172:1195 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 9 84 theme RAW 1873:1875 arg1 cells 1894:1898 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1873:1898 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1873:1898 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 10 85 theme oxide 1908:1912 arg1 production 1914:1923 Nitric oxide production 1901:1923 Nitric oxide production 1901:1923 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 6 86 theme macrophage 1344:1353 arg1 cells 1355:1359 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1299:1359 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1299:1359 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 4 87 theme chloroform 930:939 arg1 extracts 941:948 methanol and chloroform extracts 917:948 methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species 917:990 MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species. 27131433 9 88 from ROS 1793:1795 arg1 inflammation 1857:1868 LPS-induced inflammation 1845:1868 LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1845:1898 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 9 89 theme macrophage 1883:1892 arg1 cells 1894:1898 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1873:1898 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1873:1898 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 6 90 theme RAW 1334:1336 arg1 cells 1355:1359 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1299:1359 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1299:1359 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 1 91 theme diseases 360:367 arg1 treatment 326:334 the treatment 322:334 the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others 322:452 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 8 92 theme pro-inflammatory 1669:1684 arg1 mediators 1686:1694 some pro-inflammatory mediators 1664:1694 some pro-inflammatory mediators 1664:1694 We studied extracts from LG, LP and HP, and fractions from LG and LP in order to know their effect on some pro-inflammatory mediators. 27131433 3 93 theme scientific 851:860 arg1 basis 862:866 a scientific basis 849:866 a scientific basis for their use 849:880 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 0 94 from role 11:14 arg1 species 55:61 three species 49:61 three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) 49:127 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 0 94 from role 11:14 arg1 suppression 136:146 the suppression 132:146 the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 132:219 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 12 95 dep Lippia 2288:2293 arg1 extracts 2341:2348 extracts 2341:2348 extracts 2341:2348 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 27131433 12 95 dep Lippia 2288:2293 arg1 graveolens 2295:2304 Lippia graveolens 2288:2304 Lippia graveolens 2288:2304 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 27131433 10 96 theme oregano 2096:2102 arg1 monoterpenes 2040:2051 monoterpenes 2040:2051 monoterpenes 2040:2051 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 96 theme oregano 2096:2102 arg1 sesquiterpenes 2057:2070 sesquiterpenes 2057:2070 sesquiterpenes 2057:2070 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 96 theme oregano 2096:2102 arg1 compounds 2083:2091 active compounds 2076:2091 active compounds of oregano 2076:2102 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 8 97 from LG 1587:1588 arg1 extracts 1573:1580 extracts 1573:1580 extracts from LG, LP and HP, 1573:1600 We studied extracts from LG, LP and HP, and fractions from LG and LP in order to know their effect on some pro-inflammatory mediators. 27131433 8 97 from LG 1587:1588 arg1 fractions 1606:1614 fractions 1606:1614 fractions from LG and LP 1606:1629 We studied extracts from LG, LP and HP, and fractions from LG and LP in order to know their effect on some pro-inflammatory mediators. 27131433 4 98 dep MATERIALS 883:891 arg1 obtained 908:915 obtained 908:915 obtained methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species 908:990 MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species. 27131433 1 99 theme respiratory 378:388 arg1 disorders 404:412 respiratory and digestive disorders 378:412 respiratory and digestive disorders 378:412 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 4 100 theme methanol 917:924 arg1 extracts 941:948 methanol and chloroform extracts 917:948 methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species 917:990 MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species. 27131433 6 101 from effect 1162:1167 arg1 species 1279:1285 reactive oxygen species 1263:1285 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1263:1291 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 101 from effect 1162:1167 arg1 oxide 1248:1252 nitric oxide 1241:1252 nitric oxide (NO) 1241:1257 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 101 from effect 1162:1167 arg1 mediators 1222:1230 some pro-inflammatory mediators 1200:1230 some pro-inflammatory mediators 1200:1230 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 5 102 theme the 1078:1080 arg1 profiles 1066:1073 the phenolic and terpene profiles 1041:1073 profiles 1066:1073 We used LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS to determine the phenolic and terpene profiles of the leaves, respectively. 27131433 13 103 theme inflammation-related 2536:2555 arg1 diseases 2557:2564 inflammation-related diseases 2536:2564 inflammation-related diseases 2536:2564 These findings support the claim for their traditional use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. 27131433 12 104 dep Hedeoma 2326:2332 arg1 patens 2334:2339 Hedeoma patens 2326:2339 Hedeoma patens 2326:2339 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens extracts have the potential to treat inflammatory diseases; their activity is mediated by polyphenols and terpenes. 27131433 4 105 theme species 984:990 arg1 oregano 961:967 dried oregano leaves 955:974 dried oregano leaves of each species 955:990 MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained methanol and chloroform extracts from dried oregano leaves of each species. 27131433 0 106 theme terpenes 19:26 arg1 role 11:14 Protective role 0:14 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 0:220 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 9 107 from inflammation 1857:1868 arg1 cells 1894:1898 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1873:1898 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1873:1898 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 6 108 theme cyclooxygenase 1376:1389 arg1 COX-1 1401:1405 COX-1 1401:1405 COX-1 1401:1405 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 6 108 theme cyclooxygenase 1376:1389 arg1 activity 1391:1398 cyclooxygenase activity 1376:1398 cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2) 1376:1413 We evaluated anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the effect of Mexican oregano extracts on some pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and evaluating cyclooxygenase activity (COX-1, COX-2). 27131433 3 109 dep species 732:738 arg1 palmeri 791:797 Lippia palmeri 784:797 Lippia palmeri (LP) 784:802 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 3 109 dep species 732:738 arg1 patens 816:821 Hedeoma patens 808:821 Hedeoma patens (HP) 808:826 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 3 109 dep species 732:738 arg1 graveolens 767:776 Lippia graveolens 760:776 Lippia graveolens (LG) 760:781 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 3 109 dep species 732:738 arg1 HP 824:825 HP 824:825 HP 824:825 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 3 109 dep species 732:738 arg1 LG 779:780 LG 779:780 LG 779:780 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 3 109 dep species 732:738 arg1 LP 800:801 LP 800:801 LP 800:801 AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the phenolic and terpene composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three species of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens (LG), Lippia palmeri (LP) and Hedeoma patens (HP)) in order to provide a scientific basis for their use. 27131433 0 110 from cells 215:219 arg1 suppression 136:146 the suppression 132:146 the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 132:219 Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 7 111 dep RESULTS 1416:1422 arg1 compounds 1438:1446 Nine phenolic compounds 1424:1446 Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) 1424:1478 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 9 112 from activity 1833:1840 arg1 inflammation 1857:1868 LPS-induced inflammation 1845:1868 LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1845:1898 The phenolic and terpene extracts from LG, LP and HP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on ROS and NO production and mitochondrial activity in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 27131433 10 113 theme LG 1960:1961 arg1 LGF2 1972:1975 the terpene LG fraction LGF2 1948:1975 the terpene LG fraction LGF2 1948:1975 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 1 114 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 222:241 arg1 infusions 269:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions 222:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions 222:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 10 115 dep fractions 1988:1996 arg1 LPF3 2013:2016 LPF3 2013:2016 LPF3 2013:2016 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 115 dep fractions 1988:1996 arg1 fractions 1988:1996 the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3 1981:2016 the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3 1981:2016 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 115 dep fractions 1988:1996 arg1 LPF2 2004:2007 LPF2 2004:2007 LPF2 2004:2007 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 10 115 dep fractions 1988:1996 arg1 LPF1 1998:2001 LPF1 1998:2001 LPF1 1998:2001 Nitric oxide production was also diminished by the terpene LG fraction LGF2 and the LP fractions LPF1, LPF2 and LPF3, confirming that both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are active compounds of oregano. 27131433 1 116 theme Mexican 253:259 arg1 infusions 269:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions 222:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions 222:277 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mexican oregano infusions have been traditionally used in México for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, headaches and rheumatism, among others. 27131433 7 117 dep terpenes 1487:1494 arg1 sesquiterpenes 1514:1527 sesquiterpenes 1514:1527 sesquiterpenes 1514:1527 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 27131433 7 117 dep terpenes 1487:1494 arg1 monoterpenes 1497:1508 monoterpenes 1497:1508 monoterpenes 1497:1508 RESULTS Nine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and 22 terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were detected in LG, LP and HP. 26369137 2 0 theme adhered 493:499 arg1 antibiotics 501:511 adhered antibiotics 493:511 adhered antibiotics 493:511 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 1 1 theme solvent 343:349 arg1 system 351:356 a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 282:356 a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 282:356 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 1 2 theme cellulose 196:204 arg1 solution 206:213 ethyl cellulose solution 190:213 ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l 190:246 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 1 3 theme binary 284:289 arg1 system 351:356 a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 282:356 a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 282:356 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 6 4 dep showed 960:965 arg1 longer 1057:1062 longer 1057:1062 longer 1057:1062 The optical density test showed the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers was longer than that of the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria. 26369137 1 5 theme system 351:356 arg1 ratios 272:277 different volume ratios 255:277 different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 255:356 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 5 6 theme volume 904:909 arg1 ratio 911:915 DMAc volume ratio 899:915 DMAc volume ratio 899:915 The antibiotic release from ethyl cellulose fibers was best when the THF to DMAc volume ratio was 3 to 2 (v/v). 26369137 1 7 theme THF 291:293 arg1 system 351:356 a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 282:356 a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 282:356 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 2 8 theme emission 542:549 arg1 microscope 569:578 field emission scanning electron microscope 536:578 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 536:587 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 2 8 theme emission 542:549 arg1 FE-SEM 581:586 FE-SEM 581:586 FE-SEM 581:586 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 2 9 theme field 536:540 arg1 microscope 569:578 field emission scanning electron microscope 536:578 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 536:587 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 2 9 theme field 536:540 arg1 FE-SEM 581:586 FE-SEM 581:586 FE-SEM 581:586 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 5 10 dep 2 926:926 arg1 to 923:924 to 923:924 to 923:924 The antibiotic release from ethyl cellulose fibers was best when the THF to DMAc volume ratio was 3 to 2 (v/v). 26369137 4 11 theme density 779:785 arg1 tests 787:791 Disc diffusion and optical density tests 752:791 Disc diffusion and optical density tests 752:791 Disc diffusion and optical density tests were used for the assessment. 26369137 1 12 theme tetrahydrofuran 296:310 arg1 system 351:356 a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 282:356 a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 282:356 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 4 13 theme diffusion 757:765 arg1 tests 787:791 Disc diffusion and optical density tests 752:791 Disc diffusion and optical density tests 752:791 Disc diffusion and optical density tests were used for the assessment. 26369137 6 14 theme streptomycin 1007:1018 arg1 antibiotics 1020:1030 the streptomycin antibiotics 1003:1030 the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers 1003:1051 The optical density test showed the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers was longer than that of the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria. 26369137 2 15 theme binary 399:404 arg1 system 414:419 the binary solvent system 395:419 the binary solvent system 395:419 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 2 16 theme cellulose 456:464 arg1 nanofibers 466:475 ethyl cellulose nanofibers 450:475 ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics 450:511 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 6 17 theme density 947:953 arg1 test 955:958 The optical density test 935:958 The optical density test 935:958 The optical density test showed the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers was longer than that of the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria. 26369137 2 18 from influence 363:371 arg1 morphology 436:445 the surface morphology 424:445 the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics 424:511 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 2 19 theme ethyl 450:454 arg1 nanofibers 466:475 ethyl cellulose nanofibers 450:475 ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics 450:511 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 3 20 from activities 678:687 arg1 nanofibers 643:652 the nanofibers 639:652 the nanofibers 639:652 To assess the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers and their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus, streptomycin was selected as the antibiotic. 26369137 1 21 theme Ethyl 111:115 arg1 nanofibers 127:136 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers 111:136 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers 111:136 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 6 22 theme optical 939:945 arg1 density 947:953 The optical density 935:953 The optical density test 935:958 The optical density test showed the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers was longer than that of the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria. 26369137 5 23 theme antibiotic 827:836 arg1 release 838:844 The antibiotic release 823:844 The antibiotic release from ethyl cellulose fibers 823:872 The antibiotic release from ethyl cellulose fibers was best when the THF to DMAc volume ratio was 3 to 2 (v/v). 26369137 1 24 theme cellulose 117:125 arg1 nanofibers 127:136 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers 111:136 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers 111:136 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 6 25 theme effective 985:993 arg1 time 995:998 the antibacterial effective time 967:998 the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers 967:1051 The optical density test showed the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers was longer than that of the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria. 26369137 2 26 theme composition 380:390 arg1 influence 363:371 The influence 359:371 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics 359:511 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 4 27 theme Disc 752:755 arg1 diffusion 757:765 Disc diffusion 752:765 Disc diffusion 752:765 Disc diffusion and optical density tests were used for the assessment. 26369137 4 28 theme optical 771:777 arg1 density 779:785 optical density 771:785 optical density 771:785 Disc diffusion and optical density tests were used for the assessment. 26369137 1 29 theme g/l 244:246 arg1 concentrations 222:235 concentrations 222:235 concentrations of 150 g/l 222:246 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 2 30 theme surface 428:434 arg1 morphology 436:445 the surface morphology 424:445 the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics 424:511 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 1 31 theme DMAc 314:317 arg1 system 351:356 a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 282:356 a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 282:356 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 3 32 from effectiveness 604:616 arg1 nanofibers 643:652 the nanofibers 639:652 the nanofibers 639:652 To assess the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers and their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus, streptomycin was selected as the antibiotic. 26369137 5 33 theme cellulose 857:865 arg1 fibers 867:872 ethyl cellulose fibers 851:872 ethyl cellulose fibers 851:872 The antibiotic release from ethyl cellulose fibers was best when the THF to DMAc volume ratio was 3 to 2 (v/v). 26369137 0 34 theme Ethyl 50:54 arg1 Nanofibers 66:75 Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers 36:75 Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers 36:75 Fabrication and Characterization of Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers Using Electrospinning Techniques. 26369137 2 35 theme electron 560:567 arg1 microscope 569:578 field emission scanning electron microscope 536:578 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 536:587 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 2 35 theme electron 560:567 arg1 FE-SEM 581:586 FE-SEM 581:586 FE-SEM 581:586 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 3 36 theme antibacterial 664:676 arg1 activities 678:687 their antibacterial activities 658:687 their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus 658:704 To assess the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers and their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus, streptomycin was selected as the antibiotic. 26369137 2 37 theme system 414:419 arg1 composition 380:390 the composition 376:390 the composition of the binary solvent system 376:419 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 0 38 theme Antimicrobial 36:48 arg1 Nanofibers 66:75 Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers 36:75 Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers 36:75 Fabrication and Characterization of Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers Using Electrospinning Techniques. 26369137 2 39 theme scanning 551:558 arg1 microscope 569:578 field emission scanning electron microscope 536:578 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) 536:587 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 2 39 theme scanning 551:558 arg1 FE-SEM 581:586 FE-SEM 581:586 FE-SEM 581:586 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 6 40 theme antibacterial 971:983 arg1 time 995:998 the antibacterial effective time 967:998 the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers 967:1051 The optical density test showed the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers was longer than that of the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria. 26369137 5 41 from fibers 867:872 arg1 release 838:844 The antibiotic release 823:844 The antibiotic release from ethyl cellulose fibers 823:872 The antibiotic release from ethyl cellulose fibers was best when the THF to DMAc volume ratio was 3 to 2 (v/v). 26369137 1 42 theme different 255:263 arg1 ratios 272:277 different volume ratios 255:277 different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 255:356 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 0 43 theme Nanofibers 66:75 arg1 Characterization 16:31 Characterization 16:31 Characterization 16:31 Fabrication and Characterization of Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers Using Electrospinning Techniques. 26369137 0 43 theme Nanofibers 66:75 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication and Characterization of Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers Using Electrospinning Techniques. 26369137 3 44 from nanofibers 643:652 arg1 effectiveness 604:616 the effectiveness 600:616 the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers 600:652 To assess the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers and their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus, streptomycin was selected as the antibiotic. 26369137 3 44 from nanofibers 643:652 arg1 release 626:632 drug release 621:632 drug release from the nanofibers 621:652 To assess the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers and their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus, streptomycin was selected as the antibiotic. 26369137 3 44 from nanofibers 643:652 arg1 activities 678:687 their antibacterial activities 658:687 their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus 658:704 To assess the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers and their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus, streptomycin was selected as the antibiotic. 26369137 6 45 theme antibiotics 1020:1030 arg1 time 995:998 the antibacterial effective time 967:998 the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers 967:1051 The optical density test showed the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers was longer than that of the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria. 26369137 1 46 contain having 215:220 arg2 concentrations 222:235 concentrations 222:235 concentrations of 150 g/l 222:246 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 1 46 contain having 215:220 arg1 solution 206:213 ethyl cellulose solution 190:213 ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l 190:246 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 6 47 theme bulk 1081:1084 arg1 antibiotics 1086:1096 the bulk antibiotics 1077:1096 the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria 1077:1123 The optical density test showed the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers was longer than that of the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria. 26369137 0 48 theme Cellulose 56:64 arg1 Nanofibers 66:75 Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers 36:75 Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers 36:75 Fabrication and Characterization of Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers Using Electrospinning Techniques. 26369137 1 49 theme N 322:322 arg1 N 320:320 N 320:320 N 320:320 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 1 49 theme N 322:322 arg1 dimethylacetamide 324:340 N dimethylacetamide 322:340 N dimethylacetamide 322:340 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 6 50 dep S. 1106:1107 arg1 aureus 1109:1114 aureus 1109:1114 aureus 1109:1114 The optical density test showed the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers was longer than that of the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria. 26369137 1 51 theme electrospinning 157:171 arg1 techniques 173:182 electrospinning techniques 157:182 electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l 157:246 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 4 52 used used 798:801 arg2 tests 787:791 Disc diffusion and optical density tests 752:791 Disc diffusion and optical density tests 752:791 Disc diffusion and optical density tests were used for the assessment. 26369137 1 53 theme volume 265:270 arg1 ratios 272:277 different volume ratios 255:277 different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system 255:356 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 5 54 theme DMAc 899:902 arg1 ratio 911:915 DMAc volume ratio 899:915 DMAc volume ratio 899:915 The antibiotic release from ethyl cellulose fibers was best when the THF to DMAc volume ratio was 3 to 2 (v/v). 26369137 6 55 theme S. 1106:1107 arg1 bacteria 1116:1123 S. aureus bacteria 1106:1123 S. aureus bacteria 1106:1123 The optical density test showed the antibacterial effective time of the streptomycin antibiotics loaded in nanofibers was longer than that of the bulk antibiotics against S. aureus bacteria. 26369137 0 56 theme Electrospinning 83:97 arg1 Techniques 99:108 Electrospinning Techniques 83:108 Electrospinning Techniques 83:108 Fabrication and Characterization of Antimicrobial Ethyl Cellulose Nanofibers Using Electrospinning Techniques. 26369137 2 57 theme solvent 406:412 arg1 system 414:419 the binary solvent system 395:419 the binary solvent system 395:419 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 3 58 theme drug 621:624 arg1 release 626:632 drug release 621:632 drug release from the nanofibers 621:652 To assess the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers and their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus, streptomycin was selected as the antibiotic. 26369137 5 59 theme ethyl 851:855 arg1 fibers 867:872 ethyl cellulose fibers 851:872 ethyl cellulose fibers 851:872 The antibiotic release from ethyl cellulose fibers was best when the THF to DMAc volume ratio was 3 to 2 (v/v). 26369137 2 60 theme nanofibers 466:475 arg1 morphology 436:445 the surface morphology 424:445 the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics 424:511 The influence of the composition of the binary solvent system on the surface morphology of ethyl cellulose nanofibers with or without adhered antibiotics was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 26369137 1 61 dep DMAc 314:317 arg1 N 320:320 N 320:320 N 320:320 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 1 61 dep DMAc 314:317 arg1 dimethylacetamide 324:340 N dimethylacetamide 322:340 N dimethylacetamide 322:340 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 26369137 3 62 theme release 626:632 arg1 effectiveness 604:616 the effectiveness 600:616 the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers 600:652 To assess the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers and their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus, streptomycin was selected as the antibiotic. 26369137 3 62 theme release 626:632 arg1 activities 678:687 their antibacterial activities 658:687 their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus 658:704 To assess the effectiveness of drug release from the nanofibers and their antibacterial activities toward S. aureus, streptomycin was selected as the antibiotic. 26369137 1 63 theme ethyl 190:194 arg1 solution 206:213 ethyl cellulose solution 190:213 ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l 190:246 Ethyl cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning techniques using ethyl cellulose solution having concentrations of 150 g/l, using different volume ratios of a binary THF (tetrahydrofuran): DMAc (N,N dimethylacetamide) solvent system. 25830826 11 0 theme Pam3CSK4 1615:1622 arg1 binding 1604:1610 binding 1604:1610 binding of Pam3CSK4 by immunoglobulins in SBI 1604:1648 However, binding of Pam3CSK4 by immunoglobulins in SBI prevented Pam3CSK4 translocation across the damaged C2BBe1 barrier. 25830826 5 1 theme common 680:685 arg1 LPS 708:710 LPS 708:710 LPS 708:710 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 5 1 theme common 680:685 arg1 A 722:722 Lipid A 716:722 Lipid A 716:722 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 5 1 theme common 680:685 arg1 antigens 698:705 common intestinal antigens 680:705 common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) 680:723 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 6 2 theme cytokine 871:878 arg1 production 880:889 IL-8 and TNF-α cytokine production 856:889 IL-8 and TNF-α cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes 856:908 Each of these antigens stimulated IL-8 and TNF-α cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 12 3 theme antigen 1765:1771 arg1 exclusion 1752:1760 steric exclusion 1745:1760 steric exclusion of antigen 1745:1771 These results demonstrated steric exclusion of antigen by SBI which prevented apical to basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding. 25830826 11 4 theme Pam3CSK4 1660:1667 arg1 translocation 1669:1681 Pam3CSK4 translocation 1660:1681 Pam3CSK4 translocation across the damaged C2BBe1 barrier 1660:1715 However, binding of Pam3CSK4 by immunoglobulins in SBI prevented Pam3CSK4 translocation across the damaged C2BBe1 barrier. 25830826 7 5 theme 10 1071:1072 arg1 ng/mL 1074:1078 ng/mL 1074:1078 ng/mL 1074:1078 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 13 6 theme various 2194:2200 arg1 states 2221:2226 various intestinal disease states 2194:2226 various intestinal disease states 2194:2226 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 5 7 dep antigens 698:705 arg1 LPS 708:710 LPS 708:710 LPS 708:710 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 5 7 dep antigens 698:705 arg1 A 722:722 Lipid A 716:722 Lipid A 716:722 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 5 7 dep antigens 698:705 arg1 antigens 698:705 common intestinal antigens 680:705 common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) 680:723 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 1 8 theme tract 222:226 arg1 inflammation 228:239 chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation 197:239 chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation 197:239 Intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation and diseases such as IBD and IBS. 25830826 8 9 theme co-culture 1199:1208 arg1 model 1210:1214 A co-culture model 1197:1214 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium 1197:1243 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium consisted of a C2BBe1 monolayer separating an apical compartment from a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 3 10 from IgM 512:514 arg1 contributions 479:491 contributions 479:491 contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM 479:514 The composition of SBI is greater than 60% immunoglobulin including contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM. 25830826 2 11 theme protein 359:365 arg1 % 383:383 >90% 380:383 >90% 380:383 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 11 theme protein 359:365 arg1 isolate 319:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate 275:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) 275:331 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 11 theme protein 359:365 arg1 preparation 367:377 a specially formulated protein preparation 336:377 a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration 336:408 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 7 12 dep LPS 1080:1082 arg1 response 1059:1066 response 1059:1066 response 1059:1066 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 7 12 dep LPS 1080:1082 arg1 A. 1103:1104 A. 1103:1104 A. 1103:1104 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 5 13 theme ELISA 805:809 arg1 technique 811:819 a modified ELISA technique 794:819 a modified ELISA technique 794:819 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 0 14 from activation 101:110 arg1 model 140:144 an intestinal co-culture model 115:144 an intestinal co-culture model 115:144 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate binds pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds and prevents immune activation in an intestinal co-culture model. 25830826 8 15 theme intestinal 1223:1232 arg1 epithelium 1234:1243 the intestinal epithelium 1219:1243 the intestinal epithelium 1219:1243 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium consisted of a C2BBe1 monolayer separating an apical compartment from a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 7 16 theme cytokine 1017:1024 arg1 production 1026:1035 cytokine production 1017:1035 cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes 1017:1054 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 5 17 from IgA 758:760 arg1 SBI 774:776 SBI 774:776 SBI 774:776 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 7 18 theme free 962:965 arg1 antigen 967:973 free antigen 962:973 free antigen 962:973 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 1 19 theme Intestinal 147:156 arg1 dysfunction 166:176 Intestinal barrier dysfunction 147:176 Intestinal barrier dysfunction 147:176 Intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation and diseases such as IBD and IBS. 25830826 7 20 theme dependent 985:993 arg1 manner 995:1000 a dose dependent manner 978:1000 a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. 978:1104 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 5 21 from IgG 753:755 arg1 SBI 774:776 SBI 774:776 SBI 774:776 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 9 22 theme epithelial 1479:1488 arg1 barrier 1490:1496 a damaged epithelial barrier 1469:1496 a damaged epithelial barrier 1469:1496 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 9 23 theme damaged 1471:1477 arg1 barrier 1490:1496 a damaged epithelial barrier 1469:1496 a damaged epithelial barrier 1469:1496 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 8 24 contain containing 1335:1344 arg1 compartment 1323:1333 a basal compartment 1315:1333 a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes 1315:1360 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium consisted of a C2BBe1 monolayer separating an apical compartment from a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 8 24 contain containing 1335:1344 arg2 monocytes 1352:1360 THP-1 monocytes 1346:1360 THP-1 monocytes 1346:1360 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium consisted of a C2BBe1 monolayer separating an apical compartment from a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 5 25 theme antigens 698:705 arg1 binding 669:675 The binding 665:675 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI 665:776 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 2 26 link Serum-derived 275:287 arg1 SBI 328:330 SBI 328:330 SBI 328:330 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 26 link Serum-derived 275:287 arg1 isolate 319:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate 275:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) 275:331 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 26 link Serum-derived 275:287 arg1 preparation 367:377 a specially formulated protein preparation 336:377 a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration 336:408 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 27 theme bovine 289:294 arg1 SBI 328:330 SBI 328:330 SBI 328:330 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 27 theme bovine 289:294 arg1 isolate 319:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate 275:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) 275:331 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 27 theme bovine 289:294 arg1 preparation 367:377 a specially formulated protein preparation 336:377 a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration 336:408 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 5 28 theme Lipid 716:720 arg1 A 722:722 Lipid A 716:722 Lipid A 716:722 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 5 28 theme Lipid 716:720 arg1 antigens 698:705 common intestinal antigens 680:705 common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) 680:723 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 13 29 theme mechanistic 2102:2112 arg1 understanding 2114:2126 the mechanistic understanding 2098:2126 the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states 2098:2226 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 1 30 theme chronic 197:203 arg1 inflammation 228:239 chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation 197:239 chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation 197:239 Intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation and diseases such as IBD and IBS. 25830826 5 31 theme Pam3CSK4 740:747 arg1 binding 669:675 The binding 665:675 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI 665:776 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 13 32 theme steric 2057:2062 arg1 mechanisms 2074:2083 immune and steric exclusion mechanisms 2046:2083 immune and steric exclusion mechanisms 2046:2083 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 0 33 theme co-culture 129:138 arg1 model 140:144 an intestinal co-culture model 115:144 an intestinal co-culture model 115:144 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate binds pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds and prevents immune activation in an intestinal co-culture model. 25830826 0 34 theme bacterial 61:69 arg1 compounds 71:79 pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds 44:79 pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds 44:79 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate binds pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds and prevents immune activation in an intestinal co-culture model. 25830826 7 35 theme Immune 911:916 arg1 exclusion 918:926 Immune exclusion 911:926 Immune exclusion 911:926 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 0 36 theme Bovine 0:5 arg1 isolate 30:36 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate 0:36 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate 0:36 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate binds pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds and prevents immune activation in an intestinal co-culture model. 25830826 5 37 theme ligand 733:738 arg1 Pam3CSK4 740:747 the ligand Pam3CSK4 729:747 the ligand Pam3CSK4 729:747 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 8 38 theme THP-1 1346:1350 arg1 monocytes 1352:1360 THP-1 monocytes 1346:1360 THP-1 monocytes 1346:1360 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium consisted of a C2BBe1 monolayer separating an apical compartment from a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 12 39 theme physical 1859:1866 arg1 properties 1868:1877 the physical properties 1855:1877 the physical properties of Pam3CSK4 1855:1889 These results demonstrated steric exclusion of antigen by SBI which prevented apical to basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding. 25830826 11 40 theme C2BBe1 1702:1707 arg1 barrier 1709:1715 the damaged C2BBe1 barrier 1690:1715 the damaged C2BBe1 barrier 1690:1715 However, binding of Pam3CSK4 by immunoglobulins in SBI prevented Pam3CSK4 translocation across the damaged C2BBe1 barrier. 25830826 9 41 theme dimethyl 1407:1414 arg1 PPS 1452:1454 PPS 1452:1454 PPS 1452:1454 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 9 41 theme dimethyl 1407:1414 arg1 propanesulfonate 1434:1449 dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate 1407:1449 dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) 1407:1455 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 0 42 theme pro-inflammatory 44:59 arg1 compounds 71:79 pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds 44:79 pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds 44:79 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate binds pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds and prevents immune activation in an intestinal co-culture model. 25830826 3 43 dep immunoglobulin 454:467 arg1 % 452:452 % 452:452 % 452:452 The composition of SBI is greater than 60% immunoglobulin including contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM. 25830826 11 44 from immunoglobulins 1627:1641 arg1 SBI 1646:1648 SBI 1646:1648 SBI 1646:1648 However, binding of Pam3CSK4 by immunoglobulins in SBI prevented Pam3CSK4 translocation across the damaged C2BBe1 barrier. 25830826 7 45 theme SBI/antigen 1176:1186 arg1 binding 1188:1194 SBI/antigen binding 1176:1194 SBI/antigen binding 1176:1194 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 3 46 from IgG 498:500 arg1 contributions 479:491 contributions 479:491 contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM 479:514 The composition of SBI is greater than 60% immunoglobulin including contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM. 25830826 7 47 theme 200 1087:1089 arg1 ng/mL 1091:1095 ng/mL 1091:1095 ng/mL 1091:1095 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 4 48 theme gut 556:558 arg1 lumen 543:547 the lumen 539:547 the lumen of the gut 539:558 Immunoglobulin within the lumen of the gut has been recognized to have anti-inflammatory properties and is involved in maintaining gut homeostasis. 25830826 3 49 from IgA 503:505 arg1 contributions 479:491 contributions 479:491 contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM 479:514 The composition of SBI is greater than 60% immunoglobulin including contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM. 25830826 13 50 theme intestinal 2202:2211 arg1 states 2221:2226 various intestinal disease states 2194:2226 various intestinal disease states 2194:2226 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 9 51 theme palmitoyl 1416:1424 arg1 PPS 1452:1454 PPS 1452:1454 PPS 1452:1454 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 9 51 theme palmitoyl 1416:1424 arg1 propanesulfonate 1434:1449 dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate 1407:1449 dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) 1407:1455 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 6 52 theme THP-1 894:898 arg1 monocytes 900:908 THP-1 monocytes 894:908 THP-1 monocytes 894:908 Each of these antigens stimulated IL-8 and TNF-α cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 12 53 theme basal 1806:1810 arg1 translocation 1812:1824 basal translocation 1806:1824 basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding 1806:1940 These results demonstrated steric exclusion of antigen by SBI which prevented apical to basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding. 25830826 7 54 theme ng/mL 1074:1078 arg1 LPS 1080:1082 10 ng/mL LPS 1071:1082 10 ng/mL LPS 1071:1082 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 13 55 theme antigen-associated 2006:2023 arg1 inflammation 2025:2036 antigen-associated inflammation 2006:2036 antigen-associated inflammation 2006:2036 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 2 56 theme oral 390:393 arg1 administration 395:408 oral administration 390:408 oral administration 390:408 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 4 57 theme anti-inflammatory 588:604 arg1 properties 606:615 anti-inflammatory properties 588:615 anti-inflammatory properties 588:615 Immunoglobulin within the lumen of the gut has been recognized to have anti-inflammatory properties and is involved in maintaining gut homeostasis. 25830826 5 58 theme intestinal 687:696 arg1 LPS 708:710 LPS 708:710 LPS 708:710 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 5 58 theme intestinal 687:696 arg1 A 722:722 Lipid A 716:722 Lipid A 716:722 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 5 58 theme intestinal 687:696 arg1 antigens 698:705 common intestinal antigens 680:705 common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) 680:723 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 6 59 theme TNF-α 865:869 arg1 production 880:889 IL-8 and TNF-α cytokine production 856:889 IL-8 and TNF-α cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes 856:908 Each of these antigens stimulated IL-8 and TNF-α cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 1 60 theme gastrointestinal 205:220 arg1 inflammation 228:239 chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation 197:239 chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation 197:239 Intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation and diseases such as IBD and IBS. 25830826 6 61 theme IL-8 856:859 arg1 production 880:889 IL-8 and TNF-α cytokine production 856:889 IL-8 and TNF-α cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes 856:908 Each of these antigens stimulated IL-8 and TNF-α cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 12 62 theme steric 1745:1750 arg1 exclusion 1752:1760 steric exclusion 1745:1760 steric exclusion of antigen 1745:1771 These results demonstrated steric exclusion of antigen by SBI which prevented apical to basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding. 25830826 7 63 theme THP-1 1040:1044 arg1 monocytes 1046:1054 THP-1 monocytes 1040:1054 THP-1 monocytes 1040:1054 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 9 64 theme ammonio 1426:1432 arg1 PPS 1452:1454 PPS 1452:1454 PPS 1452:1454 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 9 64 theme ammonio 1426:1432 arg1 propanesulfonate 1434:1449 dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate 1407:1449 dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) 1407:1455 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 10 65 theme C2BBe1 1577:1582 arg1 monolayer 1584:1592 the PPS-damaged C2BBe1 monolayer 1561:1592 the PPS-damaged C2BBe1 monolayer 1561:1592 Results indicate that Pam3CSK4 was able to translocate across the PPS-damaged C2BBe1 monolayer. 25830826 2 66 theme formulated 348:357 arg1 % 383:383 >90% 380:383 >90% 380:383 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 66 theme formulated 348:357 arg1 isolate 319:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate 275:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) 275:331 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 66 theme formulated 348:357 arg1 preparation 367:377 a specially formulated protein preparation 336:377 a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration 336:408 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 5 67 theme modified 796:803 arg1 technique 811:819 a modified ELISA technique 794:819 a modified ELISA technique 794:819 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 4 68 contain have 583:586 arg2 properties 606:615 anti-inflammatory properties 588:615 anti-inflammatory properties 588:615 Immunoglobulin within the lumen of the gut has been recognized to have anti-inflammatory properties and is involved in maintaining gut homeostasis. 25830826 4 68 contain have 583:586 arg1 Immunoglobulin 517:530 Immunoglobulin 517:530 Immunoglobulin within the lumen of the gut 517:558 Immunoglobulin within the lumen of the gut has been recognized to have anti-inflammatory properties and is involved in maintaining gut homeostasis. 25830826 13 69 theme immune 2153:2158 arg1 status 2160:2165 immune status 2153:2165 immune status 2153:2165 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 2 70 theme Serum-derived 275:287 arg1 SBI 328:330 SBI 328:330 SBI 328:330 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 70 theme Serum-derived 275:287 arg1 isolate 319:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate 275:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) 275:331 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 70 theme Serum-derived 275:287 arg1 preparation 367:377 a specially formulated protein preparation 336:377 a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration 336:408 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 12 71 theme binding 1934:1940 arg1 result 1909:1914 a result 1907:1914 a result of immunoglobulin binding 1907:1940 These results demonstrated steric exclusion of antigen by SBI which prevented apical to basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding. 25830826 7 72 theme THP-1 1142:1146 arg1 monocytes 1148:1156 THP-1 monocytes 1142:1156 THP-1 monocytes 1142:1156 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 12 73 from changes 1844:1850 arg1 properties 1868:1877 the physical properties 1855:1877 the physical properties of Pam3CSK4 1855:1889 These results demonstrated steric exclusion of antigen by SBI which prevented apical to basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding. 25830826 8 74 theme epithelium 1234:1243 arg1 model 1210:1214 A co-culture model 1197:1214 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium 1197:1243 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium consisted of a C2BBe1 monolayer separating an apical compartment from a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 1 75 theme barrier 158:164 arg1 dysfunction 166:176 Intestinal barrier dysfunction 147:176 Intestinal barrier dysfunction 147:176 Intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation and diseases such as IBD and IBS. 25830826 0 76 theme immune 94:99 arg1 activation 101:110 immune activation 94:110 immune activation in an intestinal co-culture model 94:144 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate binds pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds and prevents immune activation in an intestinal co-culture model. 25830826 2 77 theme immunoglobulin/protein 296:317 arg1 SBI 328:330 SBI 328:330 SBI 328:330 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 77 theme immunoglobulin/protein 296:317 arg1 isolate 319:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate 275:325 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) 275:331 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 2 77 theme immunoglobulin/protein 296:317 arg1 preparation 367:377 a specially formulated protein preparation 336:377 a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration 336:408 Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) is a specially formulated protein preparation (>90%) for oral administration. 25830826 13 78 from immunoglobulins 1972:1986 arg1 SBI 1991:1993 SBI 1991:1993 SBI 1991:1993 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 10 79 theme PPS-damaged 1565:1575 arg1 monolayer 1584:1592 the PPS-damaged C2BBe1 monolayer 1561:1592 the PPS-damaged C2BBe1 monolayer 1561:1592 Results indicate that Pam3CSK4 was able to translocate across the PPS-damaged C2BBe1 monolayer. 25830826 8 80 theme C2BBe1 1260:1265 arg1 monolayer 1267:1275 a C2BBe1 monolayer 1258:1275 a C2BBe1 monolayer separating an apical compartment from a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes 1258:1360 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium consisted of a C2BBe1 monolayer separating an apical compartment from a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 7 81 theme monocytes 1148:1156 arg1 stimulation 1127:1137 Pam3CSK4 stimulation 1118:1137 Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes 1118:1156 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 0 82 theme intestinal 118:127 arg1 model 140:144 an intestinal co-culture model 115:144 an intestinal co-culture model 115:144 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate binds pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds and prevents immune activation in an intestinal co-culture model. 25830826 5 83 from IgM 767:769 arg1 SBI 774:776 SBI 774:776 SBI 774:776 The binding of common intestinal antigens (LPS and Lipid A) and the ligand Pam3CSK4, by IgG, IgA, and IgM in SBI was shown using a modified ELISA technique. 25830826 12 84 theme immunoglobulin 1919:1932 arg1 binding 1934:1940 immunoglobulin binding 1919:1940 immunoglobulin binding 1919:1940 These results demonstrated steric exclusion of antigen by SBI which prevented apical to basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding. 25830826 8 85 theme apical 1291:1296 arg1 compartment 1298:1308 an apical compartment 1288:1308 an apical compartment 1288:1308 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium consisted of a C2BBe1 monolayer separating an apical compartment from a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 13 86 theme exclusion 2064:2072 arg1 mechanisms 2074:2083 immune and steric exclusion mechanisms 2046:2083 immune and steric exclusion mechanisms 2046:2083 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 0 87 theme immunoglobulin/protein 7:28 arg1 isolate 30:36 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate 0:36 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate 0:36 Bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate binds pro-inflammatory bacterial compounds and prevents immune activation in an intestinal co-culture model. 25830826 3 88 theme SBI 430:432 arg1 composition 415:425 The composition 411:425 The composition of SBI 411:432 The composition of SBI is greater than 60% immunoglobulin including contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM. 25830826 3 88 theme SBI 430:432 arg1 immunoglobulin 454:467 greater than 60% immunoglobulin 437:467 greater than 60% immunoglobulin including contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM 437:514 The composition of SBI is greater than 60% immunoglobulin including contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM. 25830826 8 89 theme basal 1317:1321 arg1 compartment 1323:1333 a basal compartment 1315:1333 a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes 1315:1360 A co-culture model of the intestinal epithelium consisted of a C2BBe1 monolayer separating an apical compartment from a basal compartment containing THP-1 monocytes. 25830826 11 90 theme damaged 1694:1700 arg1 barrier 1709:1715 the damaged C2BBe1 barrier 1690:1715 the damaged C2BBe1 barrier 1690:1715 However, binding of Pam3CSK4 by immunoglobulins in SBI prevented Pam3CSK4 translocation across the damaged C2BBe1 barrier. 25830826 7 91 theme ng/mL 1091:1095 arg1 Lipid 1097:1101 200 ng/mL Lipid 1087:1101 200 ng/mL Lipid 1087:1101 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 12 92 theme Pam3CSK4 1882:1889 arg1 properties 1868:1877 the physical properties 1855:1877 the physical properties of Pam3CSK4 1855:1889 These results demonstrated steric exclusion of antigen by SBI which prevented apical to basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding. 25830826 3 93 dep % 452:452 arg1 60 450:451 60 450:451 60 450:451 The composition of SBI is greater than 60% immunoglobulin including contributions from IgG, IgA, and IgM. 25830826 13 94 from inflammation 2178:2189 arg1 states 2221:2226 various intestinal disease states 2194:2226 various intestinal disease states 2194:2226 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 9 95 with permeabilized 1388:1400 arg1 PPS 1452:1454 PPS 1452:1454 PPS 1452:1454 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 9 95 with permeabilized 1388:1400 arg1 propanesulfonate 1434:1449 dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate 1407:1449 dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) 1407:1455 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 13 96 theme immune 2046:2051 arg1 mechanisms 2074:2083 immune and steric exclusion mechanisms 2046:2083 immune and steric exclusion mechanisms 2046:2083 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 12 97 theme antigen 1829:1835 arg1 translocation 1812:1824 basal translocation 1806:1824 basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding 1806:1940 These results demonstrated steric exclusion of antigen by SBI which prevented apical to basal translocation of antigen due to changes in the physical properties of Pam3CSK4, most likely as a result of immunoglobulin binding. 25830826 13 98 theme disease 2213:2219 arg1 states 2221:2226 various intestinal disease states 2194:2226 various intestinal disease states 2194:2226 This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in SBI can reduce antigen-associated inflammation through immune and steric exclusion mechanisms and furthers the mechanistic understanding of how SBI might improve immune status and reduce inflammation in various intestinal disease states. 25830826 4 99 theme gut 648:650 arg1 homeostasis 652:662 gut homeostasis 648:662 gut homeostasis 648:662 Immunoglobulin within the lumen of the gut has been recognized to have anti-inflammatory properties and is involved in maintaining gut homeostasis. 25830826 7 100 theme Pam3CSK4 1118:1125 arg1 stimulation 1127:1137 Pam3CSK4 stimulation 1118:1137 Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes 1118:1156 Immune exclusion occurred as SBI (≤50 mg/mL) bound free antigen in a dose dependent manner that inhibited cytokine production by THP-1 monocytes in response to 10 ng/mL LPS or 200 ng/mL Lipid A. Conversely, Pam3CSK4 stimulation of THP-1 monocytes was unaffected by SBI/antigen binding. 25830826 9 101 theme C2BBe1 1367:1372 arg1 permeabilized 1388:1400 permeabilized 1388:1400 permeabilized 1388:1400 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 25830826 9 101 theme C2BBe1 1367:1372 arg1 monolayer 1374:1382 The C2BBe1 monolayer 1363:1382 The C2BBe1 monolayer 1363:1382 The C2BBe1 monolayer was permeabilized with dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS) to simulate a damaged epithelial barrier. 24048864 6 0 dep C16  964:967 arg1 C17  973:976 C17  973:976 C17  973:976 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 0 dep C16  964:967 arg1 cyclo 981:985  0 cyclo 978:985 C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo 964:985 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 9 1 theme polyphasic 1360:1369 arg1 approach 1371:1378 a polyphasic approach 1358:1378 a polyphasic approach 1358:1378 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 7 2 theme genus 1093:1097 arg1 Tepidiphilus 1099:1110 the genus Tepidiphilus 1089:1110 the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb 1089:1148 In view of this, we propose to transfer the member of the genus Petrobacter to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 11 3 theme Optimum 1483:1489 arg1 temperature 1491:1501 Optimum temperature 1483:1501 Optimum temperature for growth 1483:1512 Optimum temperature for growth was 50-55 °C at pH 6.5-7.0. 24048864 6 4 theme predominant 940:950 arg1 C16  964:967 C16  964:967 C16  964:967 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 4 theme predominant 940:950 arg1 C19  991:994 C19  991:994 C19  991:994 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 4 theme predominant 940:950 arg1 acids 958:962 the predominant fatty acids 936:962 the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c 936:1007 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 12 5 theme T. 1670:1671 arg1 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 5 theme T. 1670:1671 arg1 N2-214 1686:1691 T. margaritifer N2-214 1670:1691 T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)) 1670:1712 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 2 6 theme terrestrial 272:282 arg1 spring 288:293 a terrestrial hot spring 270:293 a terrestrial hot spring 270:293 nov., isolated from a terrestrial hot spring. 24048864 4 7 dep strains 520:526 arg1 T 561:561 Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) 528:562 Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) 528:562 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 7 dep strains 520:526 arg1 strains 520:526 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 7 dep strains 520:526 arg1 T 602:602 Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 568:603 Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 568:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 7 8 theme genus 1068:1072 arg1 Petrobacter 1074:1084 the genus Petrobacter 1064:1084 the genus Petrobacter 1064:1084 In view of this, we propose to transfer the member of the genus Petrobacter to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 1 9 theme Tepidiphilus 188:199 arg1 description 205:215 description 205:215 description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 205:247 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 1 9 theme Tepidiphilus 188:199 arg1 nov. 149:152 nov. 149:152 nov. 149:152 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 1 9 theme Tepidiphilus 188:199 arg1 description 163:173 emended description 155:173 emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus 155:199 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 12 10 theme rRNA 1546:1549 arg1 analysis 1565:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1542:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1542:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 15 11 theme Strain 1856:1861 arg1 T 1869:1869 T 1869:1869 T 1869:1869 Strain JHK30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 15 11 theme Strain 1856:1861 arg1 JHK30 1863:1867 Strain JHK30 1856:1867 Strain JHK30(T) 1856:1870 Strain JHK30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 0 12 theme Tepidiphilus 113:124 arg1 comb 143:146 Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb 113:146 Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb 113:146 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 15 13 theme name 1939:1942 arg1 sp 1970:1971 the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 1935:1971 the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 1935:1971 Strain JHK30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 8 14 theme Tepidiphilus 1198:1209 arg1 description 1173:1183 the description 1169:1183 the description of the genus Tepidiphilus 1169:1209 nov. and to emend the description of the genus Tepidiphilus. 24048864 12 15 theme sequence 1556:1563 arg1 analysis 1565:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1542:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1542:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 4 16 theme sequences 474:482 arg1 relatedness 496:506 DNA-DNA relatedness 488:506 DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 488:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 16 theme sequences 474:482 arg1 Analysis 448:455 Analysis 448:455 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 448:482 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 15 17 dep Tepidiphilus 1944:1955 arg1 thermophilus 1957:1968 thermophilus 1957:1968 thermophilus 1957:1968 Strain JHK30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 4 18 theme % 659:659 arg1 similarity 621:630 sequence similarity 612:630 sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness 612:671 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 9 19 theme novel 1223:1227 arg1 bacterium 1229:1237 a novel bacterium 1221:1237 a novel bacterium 1221:1237 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 9 19 theme novel 1223:1227 arg1 JHK30 1247:1251 strain JHK30 1240:1251 strain JHK30(T) 1240:1254 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 1 20 theme Tepidiphilus 220:231 arg1 sp 246:247 Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 220:247 Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 220:247 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 4 21 theme DNA-DNA 488:494 arg1 relatedness 496:506 DNA-DNA relatedness 488:506 DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 488:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 3 22 theme Comparative 296:306 arg1 analysis 347:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis 296:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis 296:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis revealed significant similarities among strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter. 24048864 13 23 with relatedness 1732:1742 arg1 strains 1783:1789 these two type strains 1768:1789 these two type strains 1768:1789 However, DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JHK30(T) with these two type strains was well below 70 %. 24048864 4 24 theme genus 740:744 arg1 species 724:730 different species 714:730 different species of same genus 714:744 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 12 25 with % 1663:1663 arg1 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 25 with % 1663:1663 arg1 N2-214 1686:1691 T. margaritifer N2-214 1670:1691 T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)) 1670:1712 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 25 with % 1663:1663 arg1 T 1632:1632 T 1632:1632 T 1632:1632 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 25 with % 1663:1663 arg1 4BON 1627:1630 P. succinatimandens 4BON 1607:1630 P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) 1607:1651 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 4 26 theme rRNA 464:467 arg1 sequences 474:482 16S rRNA gene sequences 460:482 16S rRNA gene sequences 460:482 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 27 theme Tepidiphilus 528:539 arg1 T 561:561 Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) 528:562 Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) 528:562 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 27 theme Tepidiphilus 528:539 arg1 strains 520:526 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 28 theme different 714:722 arg1 species 724:730 different species 714:730 different species of same genus 714:744 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 13 29 theme strain 1747:1752 arg1 JHK30 1754:1758 strain JHK30 1747:1758 strain JHK30(T) 1747:1761 However, DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JHK30(T) with these two type strains was well below 70 %. 24048864 13 29 theme strain 1747:1752 arg1 T 1760:1760 T 1760:1760 T 1760:1760 However, DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JHK30(T) with these two type strains was well below 70 %. 24048864 0 30 theme succinatimandens 67:82 arg1 transfer 43:50 transfer 43:50 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 0:147 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 0 31 dep Tepidiphilus 113:124 arg1 succinatimandens 126:141 succinatimandens 126:141 succinatimandens 126:141 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 4 32 theme N2-214 554:559 arg1 T 561:561 Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) 528:562 Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) 528:562 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 32 theme N2-214 554:559 arg1 strains 520:526 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 3 33 dep genera 411:416 arg1 Petrobacter 435:445 Petrobacter 435:445 Petrobacter 435:445 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis revealed significant similarities among strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter. 24048864 3 33 dep genera 411:416 arg1 Tepidiphilus 418:429 Tepidiphilus 418:429 Tepidiphilus 418:429 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis revealed significant similarities among strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter. 24048864 12 34 theme P. 1607:1608 arg1 T 1632:1632 T 1632:1632 T 1632:1632 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 34 theme P. 1607:1608 arg1 4BON 1627:1630 P. succinatimandens 4BON 1607:1630 P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) 1607:1651 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 6 35 theme  0 996:997 arg1 ω8c 1005:1007  0 cyclo ω8c 996:1007 the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c 936:1007 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 3 36 theme significant 365:375 arg1 similarities 377:388 significant similarities 365:388 significant similarities among strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter 365:445 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis revealed significant similarities among strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter. 24048864 14 37 theme base 1824:1827 arg1 composition 1829:1839 The DNA G+C base composition 1812:1839 The DNA G+C base composition 1812:1839 The DNA G+C base composition was 66.1 mol%. 24048864 14 37 theme base 1824:1827 arg1 % 1853:1853 66.1 mol% 1845:1853 66.1 mol% 1845:1853 The DNA G+C base composition was 66.1 mol%. 24048864 3 38 theme genera 411:416 arg1 strains 396:402 strains 396:402 strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter 396:445 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis revealed significant similarities among strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter. 24048864 4 39 theme type 515:518 arg1 T 561:561 Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) 528:562 Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) 528:562 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 39 theme type 515:518 arg1 strains 520:526 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 39 theme type 515:518 arg1 T 602:602 Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 568:603 Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 568:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 12 40 dep N2-214 1686:1691 arg1 T 1710:1710 T 1710:1710 T 1710:1710 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 40 dep N2-214 1686:1691 arg1 15129 1704:1708  = DSM 15129 1697:1708  = DSM 15129(T) 1697:1711 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 0 41 theme Taxonomic 0:8 arg1 study 10:14 Taxonomic study 0:14 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 0:147 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 9 42 theme hot 1289:1291 arg1 spring 1293:1298 a terrestrial hot spring 1275:1298 a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India 1275:1326 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 17 43 theme = 2051:2051 arg1 JHK30 2011:2015 JHK30 2011:2015 JHK30 2011:2015 The type strain is JHK30(T) ( = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T)). 24048864 17 43 theme = 2051:2051 arg1 T 2063:2063 T 2063:2063 T 2063:2063 The type strain is JHK30(T) ( = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T)). 24048864 17 43 theme = 2051:2051 arg1 27220 2057:2061  = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220 2021:2061  = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T) 2021:2064 The type strain is JHK30(T) ( = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T)). 24048864 14 44 theme DNA 1816:1818 arg1 composition 1829:1839 The DNA G+C base composition 1812:1839 The DNA G+C base composition 1812:1839 The DNA G+C base composition was 66.1 mol%. 24048864 14 44 theme DNA 1816:1818 arg1 % 1853:1853 66.1 mol% 1845:1853 66.1 mol% 1845:1853 The DNA G+C base composition was 66.1 mol%. 24048864 12 45 theme 99.71  1583:1588 arg1 % 1589:1589 % 1589:1589 % 1589:1589 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 6 46 with identical 920:928 arg1 C16  964:967 C16  964:967 C16  964:967 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 46 with identical 920:928 arg1 C19  991:994 C19  991:994 C19  991:994 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 46 with identical 920:928 arg1 acids 958:962 the predominant fatty acids 936:962 the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c 936:1007 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 4 47 theme succinatimandens 580:595 arg1 strains 520:526 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 47 theme succinatimandens 580:595 arg1 T 602:602 Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 568:603 Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 568:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 9 48 attach isolated 1261:1268 arg2 JHK30 1247:1251 strain JHK30 1240:1251 strain JHK30(T) 1240:1254 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 9 48 attach isolated 1261:1268 arg2 bacterium 1229:1237 a novel bacterium 1221:1237 a novel bacterium 1221:1237 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 9 48 attach isolated 1261:1268 arg1 spring 1293:1298 a terrestrial hot spring 1275:1298 a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India 1275:1326 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 9 49 theme located 1300:1306 arg1 spring 1293:1298 a terrestrial hot spring 1275:1298 a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India 1275:1326 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 0 50 theme genus 23:27 arg1 Tepidiphilus 29:40 the genus Tepidiphilus 19:40 the genus Tepidiphilus 19:40 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 15 51 theme Tepidiphilus 1912:1923 arg1 species 1891:1897 a novel species 1883:1897 a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 1883:1971 Strain JHK30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 12 52 theme  = DSM 1697:1702 arg1 T 1710:1710 T 1710:1710 T 1710:1710 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 52 theme  = DSM 1697:1702 arg1 15129 1704:1708  = DSM 15129 1697:1708  = DSM 15129(T) 1697:1711 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 10 53 dep non-sporulating 1392:1406 arg1 Gram-stain-negative 1418:1436 Gram-stain-negative 1418:1436 Gram-stain-negative 1418:1436 Cells were non-sporulating, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods and motile by a single polar flagellum. 24048864 10 53 dep non-sporulating 1392:1406 arg1 aerobic 1409:1415 aerobic 1409:1415 aerobic 1409:1415 Cells were non-sporulating, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods and motile by a single polar flagellum. 24048864 10 54 theme polar 1466:1470 arg1 flagellum 1472:1480 a single polar flagellum 1457:1480 a single polar flagellum 1457:1480 Cells were non-sporulating, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods and motile by a single polar flagellum. 24048864 1 55 theme thermophilus 233:244 arg1 sp 246:247 Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 220:247 Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 220:247 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 6 56 theme fatty 888:892 arg1 profiles 899:906 Their fatty acid profiles 882:906 Their fatty acid profiles 882:906 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 4 57 theme % 640:640 arg1 similarity 621:630 sequence similarity 612:630 sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness 612:671 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 6 58 dep acids 958:962 arg1 ω8c 1005:1007  0 cyclo ω8c 996:1007 the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c 936:1007 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 58 dep acids 958:962 arg1 C16  964:967 C16  964:967 C16  964:967 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 58 dep acids 958:962 arg1 C19  991:994 C19  991:994 C19  991:994 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 58 dep acids 958:962 arg1 acids 958:962 the predominant fatty acids 936:962 the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c 936:1007 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 59 theme fatty 952:956 arg1 C16  964:967 C16  964:967 C16  964:967 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 59 theme fatty 952:956 arg1 C19  991:994 C19  991:994 C19  991:994 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 6 59 theme fatty 952:956 arg1 acids 958:962 the predominant fatty acids 936:962 the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c 936:1007 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 12 60 theme margaritifer 1673:1684 arg1 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 60 theme margaritifer 1673:1684 arg1 N2-214 1686:1691 T. margaritifer N2-214 1670:1691 T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)) 1670:1712 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 4 61 theme sequence 612:619 arg1 similarity 621:630 sequence similarity 612:630 sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness 612:671 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 7 62 theme Petrobacter 1074:1084 arg1 member 1054:1059 the member 1050:1059 the member of the genus Petrobacter 1050:1084 In view of this, we propose to transfer the member of the genus Petrobacter to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 2 63 theme hot 284:286 arg1 spring 288:293 a terrestrial hot spring 270:293 a terrestrial hot spring 270:293 nov., isolated from a terrestrial hot spring. 24048864 15 64 theme Tepidiphilus 1944:1955 arg1 sp 1970:1971 the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 1935:1971 the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 1935:1971 Strain JHK30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 7 65 theme succinatimandens 1128:1143 arg1 comb 1145:1148 Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb 1115:1148 Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb 1115:1148 In view of this, we propose to transfer the member of the genus Petrobacter to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 13 66 theme type 1778:1781 arg1 strains 1783:1789 these two type strains 1768:1789 these two type strains 1768:1789 However, DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JHK30(T) with these two type strains was well below 70 %. 24048864 1 67 theme genus 182:186 arg1 Tepidiphilus 188:199 the genus Tepidiphilus 178:199 the genus Tepidiphilus 178:199 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 12 68 theme gene 1551:1554 arg1 analysis 1565:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1542:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1542:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 11 69 from pH 1530:1531 arg1 °C 1524:1525 50-55 °C 1518:1525 50-55 °C 1518:1525 Optimum temperature for growth was 50-55 °C at pH 6.5-7.0. 24048864 8 70 theme genus 1192:1196 arg1 Tepidiphilus 1198:1209 the genus Tepidiphilus 1188:1209 the genus Tepidiphilus 1188:1209 nov. and to emend the description of the genus Tepidiphilus. 24048864 7 71 theme this 1021:1024 arg1 view 1013:1016 view 1013:1016 view of this 1013:1024 In view of this, we propose to transfer the member of the genus Petrobacter to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 12 72 theme 16S 1542:1544 arg1 analysis 1565:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1542:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1542:1572 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 3 73 theme chemotaxonomic 320:333 arg1 analysis 347:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis 296:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis 296:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis revealed significant similarities among strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter. 24048864 4 74 theme 16S 460:462 arg1 sequences 474:482 16S rRNA gene sequences 460:482 16S rRNA gene sequences 460:482 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 9 75 theme strain 1240:1245 arg1 T 1253:1253 T 1253:1253 T 1253:1253 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 9 75 theme strain 1240:1245 arg1 bacterium 1229:1237 a novel bacterium 1221:1237 a novel bacterium 1221:1237 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 9 75 theme strain 1240:1245 arg1 JHK30 1247:1251 strain JHK30 1240:1251 strain JHK30(T) 1240:1254 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 12 76 theme  = DSM 1636:1641 arg1 15512 1643:1647  = DSM 15512 1636:1647  = DSM 15512(T) 1636:1650 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 76 theme  = DSM 1636:1641 arg1 T 1649:1649 T 1649:1649 T 1649:1649 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 3 77 theme phenotypic 308:317 arg1 analysis 347:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis 296:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis 296:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis revealed significant similarities among strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter. 24048864 4 78 theme gene 469:472 arg1 sequences 474:482 16S rRNA gene sequences 460:482 16S rRNA gene sequences 460:482 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 79 theme same 735:738 arg1 genus 740:744 same genus 735:744 same genus 735:744 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 0 80 theme Petrobacter 55:65 arg1 succinatimandens 67:82 Petrobacter succinatimandens 55:82 Petrobacter succinatimandens 55:82 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 4 81 theme margaritifer 541:552 arg1 T 561:561 Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) 528:562 Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) 528:562 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 81 theme margaritifer 541:552 arg1 strains 520:526 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 9 82 from India 1322:1326 arg1 located 1300:1306 located 1300:1306 located 1300:1306 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 14 83 theme mol 1850:1852 arg1 composition 1829:1839 The DNA G+C base composition 1812:1839 The DNA G+C base composition 1812:1839 The DNA G+C base composition was 66.1 mol%. 24048864 14 83 theme mol 1850:1852 arg1 % 1853:1853 66.1 mol% 1845:1853 66.1 mol% 1845:1853 The DNA G+C base composition was 66.1 mol%. 24048864 1 84 theme emended 155:161 arg1 nov. 149:152 nov. 149:152 nov. 149:152 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 1 84 theme emended 155:161 arg1 description 163:173 emended description 155:173 emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus 155:199 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 3 85 theme genetic 339:345 arg1 analysis 347:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis 296:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis 296:354 Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis revealed significant similarities among strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter. 24048864 10 86 theme non-sporulating 1392:1406 arg1 rods 1438:1441 non-sporulating, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods 1392:1441 non-sporulating, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods 1392:1441 Cells were non-sporulating, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods and motile by a single polar flagellum. 24048864 13 87 theme JHK30 1754:1758 arg1 relatedness 1732:1742 DNA-DNA relatedness 1724:1742 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JHK30(T) with these two type strains 1724:1789 However, DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JHK30(T) with these two type strains was well below 70 %. 24048864 0 88 theme genus 91:95 arg1 Tepidiphilus 97:108 the genus Tepidiphilus 87:108 the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb 87:146 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 15 89 theme genus 1906:1910 arg1 Tepidiphilus 1912:1923 the genus Tepidiphilus 1902:1923 the genus Tepidiphilus 1902:1923 Strain JHK30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 6 90 theme cyclo 999:1003 arg1 ω8c 1005:1007  0 cyclo ω8c 996:1007 the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c 936:1007 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 5 91 contain had 760:762 arg1 strains 752:758 Both strains 747:758 Both strains 747:758 Both strains had phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 24048864 5 91 contain had 760:762 arg2 phosphatidylcholine 812:830 phosphatidylcholine 812:830 phosphatidylcholine 812:830 Both strains had phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 24048864 5 91 contain had 760:762 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 786:809 phosphatidylethanolamine 786:809 phosphatidylethanolamine 786:809 Both strains had phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 24048864 5 91 contain had 760:762 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 764:783 phosphatidylglycerol 764:783 phosphatidylglycerol 764:783 Both strains had phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 24048864 5 91 contain had 760:762 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 836:857 diphosphatidylglycerol 836:857 diphosphatidylglycerol 836:857 Both strains had phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 24048864 4 92 theme strains 520:526 arg1 relatedness 496:506 DNA-DNA relatedness 488:506 DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 488:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 92 theme strains 520:526 arg1 Analysis 448:455 Analysis 448:455 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 448:482 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 13 93 theme DNA-DNA 1724:1730 arg1 relatedness 1732:1742 DNA-DNA relatedness 1724:1742 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JHK30(T) with these two type strains 1724:1789 However, DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JHK30(T) with these two type strains was well below 70 %. 24048864 5 94 theme major 862:866 arg1 lipids 874:879 major polar lipids 862:879 major polar lipids 862:879 Both strains had phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 24048864 9 95 theme terrestrial 1277:1287 arg1 spring 1293:1298 a terrestrial hot spring 1275:1298 a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India 1275:1326 Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. 24048864 14 96 theme G+C 1820:1822 arg1 composition 1829:1839 The DNA G+C base composition 1812:1839 The DNA G+C base composition 1812:1839 The DNA G+C base composition was 66.1 mol%. 24048864 14 96 theme G+C 1820:1822 arg1 % 1853:1853 66.1 mol% 1845:1853 66.1 mol% 1845:1853 The DNA G+C base composition was 66.1 mol%. 24048864 4 97 theme 4BON 597:600 arg1 strains 520:526 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 97 theme 4BON 597:600 arg1 T 602:602 Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 568:603 Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 568:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 17 98 theme type 1996:1999 arg1 JHK30 2011:2015 JHK30 2011:2015 JHK30 2011:2015 The type strain is JHK30(T) ( = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T)). 24048864 17 98 theme type 1996:1999 arg1 strain 2001:2006 The type strain 1992:2006 The type strain 1992:2006 The type strain is JHK30(T) ( = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T)). 24048864 5 99 theme polar 868:872 arg1 lipids 874:879 major polar lipids 862:879 major polar lipids 862:879 Both strains had phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 24048864 0 100 theme Tepidiphilus 29:40 arg1 study 10:14 Taxonomic study 0:14 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 0:147 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 4 101 dep % 659:659 arg1 relatedness 661:671 relatedness 661:671 less than 40 % relatedness 646:671 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 12 102 theme % 1589:1589 arg1 similarity 1591:1600 99.71 % similarity 1583:1600 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) 1583:1651 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 7 103 theme Tepidiphilus 1115:1126 arg1 comb 1145:1148 Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb 1115:1148 Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb 1115:1148 In view of this, we propose to transfer the member of the genus Petrobacter to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 4 104 theme Petrobacter 568:578 arg1 strains 520:526 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 511:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 4 104 theme Petrobacter 568:578 arg1 T 602:602 Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 568:603 Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) 568:603 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. 24048864 6 105 theme acid 894:897 arg1 profiles 899:906 Their fatty acid profiles 882:906 Their fatty acid profiles 882:906 Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. 24048864 12 106 with similarity 1591:1600 arg1 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 106 with similarity 1591:1600 arg1 N2-214 1686:1691 T. margaritifer N2-214 1670:1691 T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)) 1670:1712 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 106 with similarity 1591:1600 arg1 T 1632:1632 T 1632:1632 T 1632:1632 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 106 with similarity 1591:1600 arg1 4BON 1627:1630 P. succinatimandens 4BON 1607:1630 P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) 1607:1651 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 17 107 theme DSM 2053:2055 arg1 JHK30 2011:2015 JHK30 2011:2015 JHK30 2011:2015 The type strain is JHK30(T) ( = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T)). 24048864 17 107 theme DSM 2053:2055 arg1 T 2063:2063 T 2063:2063 T 2063:2063 The type strain is JHK30(T) ( = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T)). 24048864 17 107 theme DSM 2053:2055 arg1 27220 2057:2061  = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220 2021:2061  = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T) 2021:2064 The type strain is JHK30(T) ( = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T)). 24048864 10 108 theme single 1459:1464 arg1 flagellum 1472:1480 a single polar flagellum 1457:1480 a single polar flagellum 1457:1480 Cells were non-sporulating, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods and motile by a single polar flagellum. 24048864 12 109 dep 4BON 1627:1630 arg1 15512 1643:1647  = DSM 15512 1636:1647  = DSM 15512(T) 1636:1650 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 12 109 dep 4BON 1627:1630 arg1 T 1649:1649 T 1649:1649 T 1649:1649 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24048864 1 110 theme sp 246:247 arg1 description 205:215 description 205:215 description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 205:247 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 1 110 theme sp 246:247 arg1 nov. 149:152 nov. 149:152 nov. 149:152 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 1 110 theme sp 246:247 arg1 description 163:173 emended description 155:173 emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus 155:199 nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 0 111 dep study 10:14 arg1 transfer 43:50 transfer 43:50 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 0:147 Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. 24048864 15 112 theme novel 1885:1889 arg1 species 1891:1897 a novel species 1883:1897 a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp 1883:1971 Strain JHK30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. 24048864 12 113 dep P. 1607:1608 arg1 succinatimandens 1610:1625 succinatimandens 1610:1625 succinatimandens 1610:1625 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). 24002863 1 0 theme drug 196:199 arg1 carrier 201:207 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 163:207 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 163:207 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite used for intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier was synthesized through microfluidic technique. 24002863 0 1 theme drug 100:103 arg1 carrier 105:111 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 67:111 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 67:111 Synthesis of uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles as intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier. 24002863 4 2 theme intestinal 857:866 arg1 juice 868:872 intestinal juice 857:872 intestinal juice 857:872 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 5 3 theme core-shell 898:907 arg1 potential 946:954 potential 946:954 potential as pH-responsive drug carriers 946:985 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers. 24002863 5 3 theme core-shell 898:907 arg1 microparticles 926:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 875:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 875:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers. 24002863 5 4 theme gelatin-alginate 909:924 arg1 potential 946:954 potential 946:954 potential as pH-responsive drug carriers 946:985 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers. 24002863 5 4 theme gelatin-alginate 909:924 arg1 microparticles 926:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 875:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 875:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers. 24002863 5 5 theme uniform 890:896 arg1 potential 946:954 potential 946:954 potential as pH-responsive drug carriers 946:985 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers. 24002863 5 5 theme uniform 890:896 arg1 microparticles 926:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 875:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 875:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers. 24002863 2 6 theme gelatin-alginate 325:340 arg1 microparticles 342:355 the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 310:355 the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 310:355 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 1 7 theme gelatin-alginate 127:142 arg1 composite 144:152 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite 114:152 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite used for intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 114:207 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite used for intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier was synthesized through microfluidic technique. 24002863 5 8 theme pH-responsive 959:971 arg1 carriers 978:985 pH-responsive drug carriers 959:985 pH-responsive drug carriers 959:985 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers. 24002863 4 9 from collapse 769:776 arg1 half 803:806 half 803:806 half an hour 803:814 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 4 9 from collapse 769:776 arg1 environment 788:798 alkali environment 781:798 alkali environment 781:798 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 2 10 theme core-shell 314:323 arg1 microparticles 342:355 the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 310:355 the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 310:355 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 2 11 theme dispersed 376:384 arg1 rate 397:400 the dispersed phase flow rate 372:400 the dispersed phase flow rate 372:400 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 4 12 from release 846:852 arg1 juice 868:872 intestinal juice 857:872 intestinal juice 857:872 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 2 13 dep distribution 482:493 arg1 kept 502:505 kept 502:505 kept 502:505 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 4 14 theme alkali 781:786 arg1 environment 788:798 alkali environment 781:798 alkali environment 781:798 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 4 15 theme controlled 830:839 arg1 release 846:852 the controlled drug release 826:852 the controlled drug release in intestinal juice 826:872 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 4 16 from swell 760:764 arg1 half 803:806 half 803:806 half an hour 803:814 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 4 16 from swell 760:764 arg1 environment 788:798 alkali environment 781:798 alkali environment 781:798 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 4 17 dep half 803:806 arg1 hour 811:814 an hour 808:814 half an hour 803:814 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 4 18 theme microparticles 739:752 arg1 shell 726:730 the alginate shell 713:730 the alginate shell of the microparticles 713:752 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 4 19 theme drug 841:844 arg1 release 846:852 the controlled drug release 826:852 the controlled drug release in intestinal juice 826:872 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 1 20 theme microfluidic 233:244 arg1 technique 246:254 microfluidic technique 233:254 microfluidic technique 233:254 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite used for intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier was synthesized through microfluidic technique. 24002863 0 21 theme core-shell 21:30 arg1 gelatin-alginate 32:47 uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate 13:47 uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate 13:47 Synthesis of uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles as intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier. 24002863 1 22 theme core-shell 116:125 arg1 composite 144:152 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite 114:152 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite used for intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 114:207 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite used for intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier was synthesized through microfluidic technique. 24002863 2 23 dep coefficient 453:463 arg1 % 519:519 less than 10% 507:519 the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10% 439:519 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 2 24 theme diameter 473:480 arg1 distribution 482:493 the diameter distribution 469:493 the diameter distribution can be kept 469:505 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 5 25 theme drug 973:976 arg1 carriers 978:985 pH-responsive drug carriers 959:985 pH-responsive drug carriers 959:985 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers. 24002863 2 26 theme microparticles 342:355 arg1 size 302:305 the size 298:305 the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 298:355 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 5 27 theme fabricated 879:888 arg1 potential 946:954 potential 946:954 potential as pH-responsive drug carriers 946:985 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers. 24002863 5 27 theme fabricated 879:888 arg1 microparticles 926:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 875:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles 875:939 The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers. 24002863 3 28 theme fabricated 527:536 arg1 microparticles 538:551 The fabricated microparticles 523:551 The fabricated microparticles 523:551 The fabricated microparticles could remain intact in gastric juice for at least 3 h, indicating that the gelatin core could be well protected by alginate shell in acid environment. 24002863 2 29 theme flow 287:290 arg1 rate 292:295 the fixed continuous phase flow rate 260:295 the fixed continuous phase flow rate 260:295 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 0 30 theme gelatin-alginate 32:47 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate 0:47 Synthesis of uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles as intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier. 24002863 2 31 theme phase 281:285 arg1 rate 292:295 the fixed continuous phase flow rate 260:295 the fixed continuous phase flow rate 260:295 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 2 32 theme variation 443:451 arg1 coefficient 453:463 the variation coefficient 439:463 the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10% 439:519 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 0 33 theme intestine-released 67:84 arg1 carrier 105:111 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 67:111 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 67:111 Synthesis of uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles as intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier. 24002863 3 34 from shell 677:681 arg1 environment 691:701 acid environment 686:701 acid environment 686:701 The fabricated microparticles could remain intact in gastric juice for at least 3 h, indicating that the gelatin core could be well protected by alginate shell in acid environment. 24002863 2 35 theme continuous 270:279 arg1 rate 292:295 the fixed continuous phase flow rate 260:295 the fixed continuous phase flow rate 260:295 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 4 36 theme alginate 717:724 arg1 shell 726:730 the alginate shell 713:730 the alginate shell of the microparticles 713:752 However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. 24002863 2 37 theme fixed 264:268 arg1 rate 292:295 the fixed continuous phase flow rate 260:295 the fixed continuous phase flow rate 260:295 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 2 38 theme flow 392:395 arg1 rate 397:400 the dispersed phase flow rate 372:400 the dispersed phase flow rate 372:400 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 3 39 theme gelatin 628:634 arg1 core 636:639 the gelatin core 624:639 the gelatin core 624:639 The fabricated microparticles could remain intact in gastric juice for at least 3 h, indicating that the gelatin core could be well protected by alginate shell in acid environment. 24002863 3 40 theme acid 686:689 arg1 environment 691:701 acid environment 686:701 acid environment 686:701 The fabricated microparticles could remain intact in gastric juice for at least 3 h, indicating that the gelatin core could be well protected by alginate shell in acid environment. 24002863 2 41 dep retained 429:436 arg1 coefficient 453:463 the variation coefficient 439:463 the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10% 439:519 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 2 42 theme phase 386:390 arg1 rate 397:400 the dispersed phase flow rate 372:400 the dispersed phase flow rate 372:400 At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). 24002863 3 43 theme alginate 668:675 arg1 shell 677:681 alginate shell 668:681 alginate shell in acid environment 668:701 The fabricated microparticles could remain intact in gastric juice for at least 3 h, indicating that the gelatin core could be well protected by alginate shell in acid environment. 24002863 3 44 theme gastric 576:582 arg1 juice 584:588 gastric juice 576:588 gastric juice 576:588 The fabricated microparticles could remain intact in gastric juice for at least 3 h, indicating that the gelatin core could be well protected by alginate shell in acid environment. 24002863 1 45 theme intestine-released 163:180 arg1 carrier 201:207 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 163:207 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 163:207 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite used for intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier was synthesized through microfluidic technique. 24002863 0 46 theme delivery 91:98 arg1 carrier 105:111 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 67:111 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 67:111 Synthesis of uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles as intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier. 24002863 3 47 from juice 584:588 arg1 intact 566:571 intact 566:571 intact 566:571 The fabricated microparticles could remain intact in gastric juice for at least 3 h, indicating that the gelatin core could be well protected by alginate shell in acid environment. 24002863 1 48 theme oral 182:185 arg1 carrier 201:207 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 163:207 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 163:207 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite used for intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier was synthesized through microfluidic technique. 24002863 0 49 theme oral 86:89 arg1 carrier 105:111 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 67:111 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 67:111 Synthesis of uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles as intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier. 24002863 0 50 theme uniform 13:19 arg1 gelatin-alginate 32:47 uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate 13:47 uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate 13:47 Synthesis of uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles as intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier. 24002863 1 51 theme delivery 187:194 arg1 carrier 201:207 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 163:207 intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier 163:207 A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite used for intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier was synthesized through microfluidic technique. 24002863 3 52 from intact 566:571 arg1 juice 584:588 gastric juice 576:588 gastric juice 576:588 The fabricated microparticles could remain intact in gastric juice for at least 3 h, indicating that the gelatin core could be well protected by alginate shell in acid environment. 27266268 0 0 theme Cholic 99:104 arg1 Derivative 129:138 Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative 99:138 Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative 99:138 Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Containing Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative. 27266268 4 1 theme loading 671:677 arg1 efficiency 679:688 insulin loading efficiency 663:688 insulin loading efficiency of 98.7% 663:697 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 5 2 theme cholic 746:751 arg1 groups 758:763 the hydrophobic cholic acid groups 730:763 the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA 730:774 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 5 2 theme cholic 746:751 arg1 groups 801:806 the cholic acid groups 785:806 the cholic acid groups 785:806 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 5 2 theme cholic 746:751 arg1 some 777:780 some 777:780 some 777:780 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 8 3 theme insulin-loaded 1416:1429 arg1 nanoparticles 1439:1451 biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 1402:1451 biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 1402:1451 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 5 4 theme acid 753:756 arg1 groups 758:763 the hydrophobic cholic acid groups 730:763 the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA 730:774 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 5 4 theme acid 753:756 arg1 groups 801:806 the cholic acid groups 785:806 the cholic acid groups 785:806 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 5 4 theme acid 753:756 arg1 some 777:780 some 777:780 some 777:780 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 5 5 from groups 758:763 arg1 HTCC-CA 768:774 HTCC-CA 768:774 HTCC-CA 768:774 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 2 6 theme insulin 352:358 arg1 delivery 360:367 insulin delivery 352:367 insulin delivery 352:367 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 3 7 from dialysis 515:522 arg1 ethanol 466:472 50% ethanol 462:472 50% ethanol 462:472 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 3 7 from dialysis 515:522 arg1 solvent 490:496 water mixed solvent 478:496 water mixed solvent 478:496 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 8 8 theme HTCC-CA 1431:1437 arg1 nanoparticles 1439:1451 biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 1402:1451 biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 1402:1451 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 0 9 theme Chitosan 120:127 arg1 Derivative 129:138 Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative 99:138 Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative 99:138 Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Containing Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative. 27266268 8 10 theme insulin 1504:1510 arg1 effect 1494:1499 the hypoglycemic effect 1477:1499 the hypoglycemic effect of insulin 1477:1510 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 7 11 theme diabetic 1059:1066 arg1 rats 1068:1071 diabetic rats 1059:1071 diabetic rats 1059:1071 The therapy for diabetic rats displayed that the nanoparticles increased the pharmacological bioavailability of insulin to 475% relative to free insulin, and the nanoparticles could maintain the hypoglycemic effect for more than 24 h. 27266268 8 12 theme acid 1337:1340 arg1 groups 1342:1347 cholic acid groups 1330:1347 cholic acid groups 1330:1347 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 0 13 theme Acid-Modified 106:118 arg1 Derivative 129:138 Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative 99:138 Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative 99:138 Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Containing Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative. 27266268 3 14 from pH 501:502 arg1 insulin 439:445 insulin 439:445 insulin 439:445 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 3 14 from pH 501:502 arg1 dialysis 515:522 dialysis 515:522 dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 515:554 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 3 14 from pH 501:502 arg1 HTCC-CA 451:457 HTCC-CA 451:457 HTCC-CA 451:457 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 4 15 theme % 697:697 arg1 efficiency 679:688 insulin loading efficiency 663:688 insulin loading efficiency of 98.7% 663:697 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 4 15 theme % 697:697 arg1 diameter 641:648 an average diameter 630:648 an average diameter of 86 nm 630:657 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 1 16 theme glucose 187:193 arg1 level 195:199 blood glucose level 181:199 blood glucose level 181:199 Liver is responsible for the balance of blood glucose level. 27266268 2 17 theme modified 283:290 arg1 vehicle 340:346 a liver-targeted vehicle 323:346 a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery 323:367 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 17 theme modified 283:290 arg1 acid 224:227 cholic acid 217:227 cholic acid 217:227 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 17 theme modified 283:290 arg1 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 17 theme modified 283:290 arg1 chitosan 292:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan 233:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) 233:309 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 1 18 theme level 195:199 arg1 balance 170:176 the balance 166:176 the balance of blood glucose level 166:199 Liver is responsible for the balance of blood glucose level. 27266268 3 19 theme novel 372:376 arg1 approach 378:385 A novel approach 370:385 A novel approach 370:385 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 7 20 theme free 1183:1186 arg1 insulin 1188:1194 free insulin 1183:1194 free insulin 1183:1194 The therapy for diabetic rats displayed that the nanoparticles increased the pharmacological bioavailability of insulin to 475% relative to free insulin, and the nanoparticles could maintain the hypoglycemic effect for more than 24 h. 27266268 3 21 theme phosphate 539:547 arg1 buffer 549:554 phosphate buffer 539:554 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 532:554 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 6 22 theme free 859:862 arg1 insulin 864:870 free insulin 859:870 free insulin 859:870 Compared with free insulin, the nanoparticles increased in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466%, and the nanoparticles accumulated in liver for more time after subcutaneous injection into mice. 27266268 0 23 theme Effective 0:8 arg1 Enhancement 10:20 Effective Enhancement 0:20 Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles 0:86 Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Containing Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative. 27266268 8 24 with nanoparticles 1311:1323 arg1 groups 1342:1347 cholic acid groups 1330:1347 cholic acid groups 1330:1347 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 4 25 theme nm 656:657 arg1 efficiency 679:688 insulin loading efficiency 663:688 insulin loading efficiency of 98.7% 663:697 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 4 25 theme nm 656:657 arg1 diameter 641:648 an average diameter 630:648 an average diameter of 86 nm 630:657 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 0 26 theme Hypoglycemic 25:36 arg1 Effect 38:43 Hypoglycemic Effect 25:43 Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin 25:54 Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Containing Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative. 27266268 3 27 theme 50 462:463 arg1 % 464:464 % 464:464 % 464:464 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 5 28 theme cholic 789:794 arg1 acid 796:799 cholic acid 789:799 the cholic acid groups 785:806 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 6 29 theme insulin 929:935 arg1 uptake 919:924 in vitro cellular uptake 901:924 in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466% 901:943 Compared with free insulin, the nanoparticles increased in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466%, and the nanoparticles accumulated in liver for more time after subcutaneous injection into mice. 27266268 5 30 from distribution 714:725 arg1 HTCC-CA 768:774 HTCC-CA 768:774 HTCC-CA 768:774 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 1 31 theme blood 181:185 arg1 level 195:199 blood glucose level 181:199 blood glucose level 181:199 Liver is responsible for the balance of blood glucose level. 27266268 3 32 theme % 464:464 arg1 ethanol 466:472 50% ethanol 462:472 50% ethanol 462:472 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 5 33 theme groups 758:763 arg1 distribution 714:725 random distribution 707:725 random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface 707:842 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 6 34 dep in 901:902 arg1 vitro 904:908 vitro 904:908 vitro 904:908 Compared with free insulin, the nanoparticles increased in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466%, and the nanoparticles accumulated in liver for more time after subcutaneous injection into mice. 27266268 6 35 theme subcutaneous 1009:1020 arg1 injection 1022:1030 subcutaneous injection 1009:1030 subcutaneous injection into mice 1009:1040 Compared with free insulin, the nanoparticles increased in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466%, and the nanoparticles accumulated in liver for more time after subcutaneous injection into mice. 27266268 6 36 theme more 993:996 arg1 time 998:1001 more time 993:1001 more time 993:1001 Compared with free insulin, the nanoparticles increased in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466%, and the nanoparticles accumulated in liver for more time after subcutaneous injection into mice. 27266268 0 37 theme Effect 38:43 arg1 Enhancement 10:20 Effective Enhancement 0:20 Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles 0:86 Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Containing Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative. 27266268 8 38 contain possess 1366:1372 arg2 property 1389:1396 liver-targeted property 1374:1396 liver-targeted property 1374:1396 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 8 38 contain possess 1366:1372 arg1 nanoparticles 1311:1323 the nanoparticles 1307:1323 the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface 1307:1364 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 4 39 contain have 625:628 arg2 efficiency 679:688 insulin loading efficiency 663:688 insulin loading efficiency of 98.7% 663:697 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 4 39 contain have 625:628 arg2 diameter 641:648 an average diameter 630:648 an average diameter of 86 nm 630:657 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 4 39 contain have 625:628 arg1 nanoparticles 611:623 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 584:623 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 584:623 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 2 40 theme N- 233:234 arg1 vehicle 340:346 a liver-targeted vehicle 323:346 a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery 323:367 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 40 theme N- 233:234 arg1 acid 224:227 cholic acid 217:227 cholic acid 217:227 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 40 theme N- 233:234 arg1 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 40 theme N- 233:234 arg1 chitosan 292:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan 233:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) 233:309 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 3 41 from HTCC-CA 451:457 arg1 ethanol 466:472 50% ethanol 462:472 50% ethanol 462:472 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 3 41 from HTCC-CA 451:457 arg1 solvent 490:496 water mixed solvent 478:496 water mixed solvent 478:496 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 4 42 theme average 633:639 arg1 diameter 641:648 an average diameter 630:648 an average diameter of 86 nm 630:657 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 6 43 theme cellular 910:917 arg1 uptake 919:924 in vitro cellular uptake 901:924 in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466% 901:943 Compared with free insulin, the nanoparticles increased in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466%, and the nanoparticles accumulated in liver for more time after subcutaneous injection into mice. 27266268 8 44 theme cholic 1330:1335 arg1 groups 1342:1347 cholic acid groups 1330:1347 cholic acid groups 1330:1347 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 5 45 theme hydrophobic 734:744 arg1 groups 758:763 the hydrophobic cholic acid groups 730:763 the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA 730:774 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 5 45 theme hydrophobic 734:744 arg1 groups 801:806 the cholic acid groups 785:806 the cholic acid groups 785:806 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 5 45 theme hydrophobic 734:744 arg1 some 777:780 some 777:780 some 777:780 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 3 46 theme water 478:482 arg1 solvent 490:496 water mixed solvent 478:496 water mixed solvent 478:496 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 0 47 theme Insulin 48:54 arg1 Effect 38:43 Hypoglycemic Effect 25:43 Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin 25:54 Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Containing Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative. 27266268 2 48 theme cholic 217:222 arg1 vehicle 340:346 a liver-targeted vehicle 323:346 a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery 323:367 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 48 theme cholic 217:222 arg1 acid 224:227 cholic acid 217:227 cholic acid 217:227 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 48 theme cholic 217:222 arg1 chitosan 292:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan 233:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) 233:309 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 7 49 theme relative 1171:1178 arg1 % 1169:1169 475% 1166:1169 475% relative to free insulin 1166:1194 The therapy for diabetic rats displayed that the nanoparticles increased the pharmacological bioavailability of insulin to 475% relative to free insulin, and the nanoparticles could maintain the hypoglycemic effect for more than 24 h. 27266268 3 50 theme mixed 484:488 arg1 solvent 490:496 water mixed solvent 478:496 water mixed solvent 478:496 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 8 51 from nanoparticles 1311:1323 arg1 surface 1358:1364 their surface 1352:1364 their surface 1352:1364 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 6 52 theme in 901:902 arg1 uptake 919:924 in vitro cellular uptake 901:924 in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466% 901:943 Compared with free insulin, the nanoparticles increased in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466%, and the nanoparticles accumulated in liver for more time after subcutaneous injection into mice. 27266268 2 53 theme chloride 274:281 arg1 vehicle 340:346 a liver-targeted vehicle 323:346 a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery 323:367 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 53 theme chloride 274:281 arg1 acid 224:227 cholic acid 217:227 cholic acid 217:227 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 53 theme chloride 274:281 arg1 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 53 theme chloride 274:281 arg1 chitosan 292:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan 233:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) 233:309 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 54 theme liver-targeted 325:338 arg1 vehicle 340:346 a liver-targeted vehicle 323:346 a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery 323:367 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 54 theme liver-targeted 325:338 arg1 acid 224:227 cholic acid 217:227 cholic acid 217:227 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 54 theme liver-targeted 325:338 arg1 chitosan 292:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan 233:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) 233:309 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 4 55 theme insulin-loaded 588:601 arg1 nanoparticles 611:623 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 584:623 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 584:623 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 7 56 theme hypoglycemic 1238:1249 arg1 effect 1251:1256 the hypoglycemic effect 1234:1256 the hypoglycemic effect 1234:1256 The therapy for diabetic rats displayed that the nanoparticles increased the pharmacological bioavailability of insulin to 475% relative to free insulin, and the nanoparticles could maintain the hypoglycemic effect for more than 24 h. 27266268 8 57 theme hypoglycemic 1481:1492 arg1 effect 1494:1499 the hypoglycemic effect 1477:1499 the hypoglycemic effect of insulin 1477:1510 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 2 58 theme -propyl-3-trimethylammonium 246:272 arg1 vehicle 340:346 a liver-targeted vehicle 323:346 a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery 323:367 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 58 theme -propyl-3-trimethylammonium 246:272 arg1 acid 224:227 cholic acid 217:227 cholic acid 217:227 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 58 theme -propyl-3-trimethylammonium 246:272 arg1 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 58 theme -propyl-3-trimethylammonium 246:272 arg1 chitosan 292:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan 233:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) 233:309 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 5 59 theme random 707:712 arg1 distribution 714:725 random distribution 707:725 random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface 707:842 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 2 60 used used 315:318 arg2 acid 224:227 cholic acid 217:227 cholic acid 217:227 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 60 used used 315:318 arg2 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 60 used used 315:318 arg2 chitosan 292:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan 233:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) 233:309 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 60 used used 315:318 arg2 vehicle 340:346 a liver-targeted vehicle 323:346 a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery 323:367 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 8 61 theme liver-targeted 1374:1387 arg1 property 1389:1396 liver-targeted property 1374:1396 liver-targeted property 1374:1396 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 8 62 theme biocompatible 1402:1414 arg1 nanoparticles 1439:1451 biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 1402:1451 biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 1402:1451 This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. 27266268 5 63 theme acid 796:799 arg1 groups 801:806 the cholic acid groups 785:806 the cholic acid groups 785:806 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 3 64 dep pH 532:533 arg1 buffer 549:554 phosphate buffer 539:554 pH 7.4 phosphate buffer 532:554 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 5 65 theme nanoparticle 823:834 arg1 surface 836:842 the nanoparticle surface 819:842 the nanoparticle surface 819:842 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 7 66 theme pharmacological 1120:1134 arg1 bioavailability 1136:1150 the pharmacological bioavailability 1116:1150 the pharmacological bioavailability of insulin to 475% relative to free insulin 1116:1194 The therapy for diabetic rats displayed that the nanoparticles increased the pharmacological bioavailability of insulin to 475% relative to free insulin, and the nanoparticles could maintain the hypoglycemic effect for more than 24 h. 27266268 0 67 theme Liver-Targeted 59:72 arg1 Nanoparticles 74:86 Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles 59:86 Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles 59:86 Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Containing Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative. 27266268 5 68 from HTCC-CA 768:774 arg1 distribution 714:725 random distribution 707:725 random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface 707:842 Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. 27266268 2 69 theme 2-hydroxy 236:244 arg1 vehicle 340:346 a liver-targeted vehicle 323:346 a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery 323:367 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 69 theme 2-hydroxy 236:244 arg1 acid 224:227 cholic acid 217:227 cholic acid 217:227 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 69 theme 2-hydroxy 236:244 arg1 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 HTCC-CA 302:308 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 2 69 theme 2-hydroxy 236:244 arg1 chitosan 292:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan 233:299 N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) 233:309 In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. 27266268 3 70 from insulin 439:445 arg1 ethanol 466:472 50% ethanol 462:472 50% ethanol 462:472 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 3 70 from insulin 439:445 arg1 solvent 490:496 water mixed solvent 478:496 water mixed solvent 478:496 A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. 27266268 4 71 theme insulin 663:669 arg1 efficiency 679:688 insulin loading efficiency 663:688 insulin loading efficiency of 98.7% 663:697 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 27266268 7 72 theme insulin 1155:1161 arg1 bioavailability 1136:1150 the pharmacological bioavailability 1116:1150 the pharmacological bioavailability of insulin to 475% relative to free insulin 1116:1194 The therapy for diabetic rats displayed that the nanoparticles increased the pharmacological bioavailability of insulin to 475% relative to free insulin, and the nanoparticles could maintain the hypoglycemic effect for more than 24 h. 27266268 4 73 theme HTCC-CA 603:609 arg1 nanoparticles 611:623 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 584:623 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles 584:623 The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. 25482090 13 0 link O-linked 1898:1905 arg1 glycans 1907:1913 O-linked glycans 1898:1913 O-linked glycans 1898:1913 The β-elimination procedure, which removes O-linked glycans, revealed new labelling patterns with GNA, LCA and PHA-L, suggesting that some N-glycans were masked by O-glycans, and thus they became accessible to these lectins only after removal of the O-linked oligosaccharides. 25482090 11 1 theme sections 1575:1582 arg1 pre-incubation 1550:1563 pre-incubation 1550:1563 pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, 1550:1644 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 11 2 theme N 1597:1597 arg1 F 1611:1611 peptide N glycosidase F 1589:1611 peptide N glycosidase F 1589:1611 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 13 3 theme β-elimination 1859:1871 arg1 procedure 1873:1881 The β-elimination procedure 1855:1881 The β-elimination procedure 1855:1881 The β-elimination procedure, which removes O-linked glycans, revealed new labelling patterns with GNA, LCA and PHA-L, suggesting that some N-glycans were masked by O-glycans, and thus they became accessible to these lectins only after removal of the O-linked oligosaccharides. 25482090 4 4 dep ER 426:427 arg1 the 422:424 the 422:424 the 422:424 They are synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a unique way, and later modified in both the ER and Golgi apparatus, developing different oligosaccharide chains. 25482090 11 5 theme unexpected 1474:1483 arg1 results 1485:1491 Some unexpected results 1469:1491 Some unexpected results 1469:1491 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 8 6 theme cell 1114:1117 arg1 types 1119:1123 the germ cell types 1105:1123 the germ cell types 1105:1123 GNA and Con A labelled the interstitium and most of the germ cell types, whereas LCA and PHA-E showed affinity only for the interstitium. 25482090 14 7 theme N-glycans 2216:2224 arg1 role 2208:2211 the role 2204:2211 the role of N-glycans involved in mammalian spermatogenesis reported previously 2204:2282 The functional role of the glycan chains identified could be related to the role of N-glycans involved in mammalian spermatogenesis reported previously. 25482090 3 8 theme asparagine 290:299 arg1 proteins 313:320 proteins 313:320 proteins 313:320 N-Glycans are oligosaccharides linked to asparagine residues of proteins. 25482090 3 8 theme asparagine 290:299 arg1 residues 301:308 asparagine residues 290:308 asparagine residues of proteins 290:320 N-Glycans are oligosaccharides linked to asparagine residues of proteins. 25482090 9 9 theme basal 1383:1387 arg1 body 1389:1392 the centriolar basal body 1368:1392 the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum 1368:1417 A granular cytoplasmic region was labelled in spermatogonia and spermatocytes by GNA and PHA-L, whereas GNA and LCA labelled a spermatid region that is probably associated with the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum. 25482090 12 10 theme post-meiotic 1830:1841 arg1 cells 1848:1852 the follicle (Sertoli) and post-meiotic germ cells 1803:1852 cells 1848:1852 However, after this pretreatment, the intensity of labelling remained or increased for Con A in the follicle (Sertoli) and post-meiotic germ cells. 25482090 8 11 theme Con 1061:1063 arg1 A 1065:1065 Con A 1061:1065 Con A 1061:1065 GNA and Con A labelled the interstitium and most of the germ cell types, whereas LCA and PHA-E showed affinity only for the interstitium. 25482090 4 12 theme Golgi 433:437 arg1 apparatus 439:447 Golgi apparatus 433:447 Golgi apparatus 433:447 They are synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a unique way, and later modified in both the ER and Golgi apparatus, developing different oligosaccharide chains. 25482090 4 13 from reticulum 363:371 arg1 way 390:392 a unique way 381:392 a unique way 381:392 They are synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a unique way, and later modified in both the ER and Golgi apparatus, developing different oligosaccharide chains. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 agglutinin 821:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin 803:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops 803:851 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 agglutinin 912:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin 897:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils 897:940 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 GNA 833:835 GNA 833:835 GNA 833:835 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 A 867:867 concanavalin A 854:867 concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean 854:894 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 LCA 924:926 LCA 924:926 LCA 924:926 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 erythroagglutinin 965:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 A 874:874 Con A 870:874 Con A 870:874 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 leukoagglutinin 1007:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin 995:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) 995:1029 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 PHA-E 984:988 PHA-E 984:988 PHA-E 984:988 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 14 from bean 891:894 arg1 PHA-L 1024:1028 PHA-L 1024:1028 PHA-L 1024:1028 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 15 theme vulgaris 956:963 arg1 erythroagglutinin 965:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 15 theme vulgaris 956:963 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 9 16 theme nascent 1401:1407 arg1 flagellum 1409:1417 the nascent flagellum 1397:1417 the nascent flagellum 1397:1417 A granular cytoplasmic region was labelled in spermatogonia and spermatocytes by GNA and PHA-L, whereas GNA and LCA labelled a spermatid region that is probably associated with the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum. 25482090 9 17 theme granular 1193:1200 arg1 region 1214:1219 A granular cytoplasmic region 1191:1219 A granular cytoplasmic region 1191:1219 A granular cytoplasmic region was labelled in spermatogonia and spermatocytes by GNA and PHA-L, whereas GNA and LCA labelled a spermatid region that is probably associated with the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum. 25482090 11 18 with labelling 1665:1673 arg1 lectins 1685:1691 most lectins 1680:1691 most lectins 1680:1691 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 1 19 theme considerable 150:161 arg1 variety 163:169 their considerable variety 144:169 their considerable variety 144:169 Analysis of glycan chains of glycoconjugates is difficult because of their considerable variety. 25482090 12 20 theme follicle 1807:1814 arg1 Sertoli 1817:1823 the follicle (Sertoli) and post-meiotic germ cells 1803:1852 Sertoli 1817:1823 However, after this pretreatment, the intensity of labelling remained or increased for Con A in the follicle (Sertoli) and post-meiotic germ cells. 25482090 0 21 from N-Glycans 0:8 arg1 testis 28:33 Xenopus laevis testis 13:33 Xenopus laevis testis 13:33 N-Glycans in Xenopus laevis testis characterised by lectin histochemistry. 25482090 6 22 theme study 606:610 arg1 aim 587:589 The aim 583:589 The aim of the present study 583:610 The aim of the present study was to analyse the N-glycans of the Xenopus laevis testis by means of lectin histochemistry. 25482090 11 23 theme most 1680:1683 arg1 lectins 1685:1691 most lectins 1680:1691 most lectins 1680:1691 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 13 24 theme labelling 1929:1937 arg1 patterns 1939:1946 new labelling patterns 1925:1946 new labelling patterns 1925:1946 The β-elimination procedure, which removes O-linked glycans, revealed new labelling patterns with GNA, LCA and PHA-L, suggesting that some N-glycans were masked by O-glycans, and thus they became accessible to these lectins only after removal of the O-linked oligosaccharides. 25482090 8 25 dep interstitium 1080:1091 arg1 the 1076:1078 the 1076:1078 the 1076:1078 GNA and Con A labelled the interstitium and most of the germ cell types, whereas LCA and PHA-E showed affinity only for the interstitium. 25482090 6 26 theme lectin 682:687 arg1 histochemistry 689:702 lectin histochemistry 682:702 lectin histochemistry 682:702 The aim of the present study was to analyse the N-glycans of the Xenopus laevis testis by means of lectin histochemistry. 25482090 12 27 theme Con 1794:1796 arg1 A 1798:1798 Con A 1794:1798 Con A 1794:1798 However, after this pretreatment, the intensity of labelling remained or increased for Con A in the follicle (Sertoli) and post-meiotic germ cells. 25482090 7 28 theme Lens 897:900 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 28 theme Lens 897:900 arg1 LCA 924:926 LCA 924:926 LCA 924:926 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 28 theme Lens 897:900 arg1 agglutinin 912:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin 897:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils 897:940 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 4 29 theme different 461:469 arg1 chains 487:492 different oligosaccharide chains 461:492 different oligosaccharide chains 461:492 They are synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a unique way, and later modified in both the ER and Golgi apparatus, developing different oligosaccharide chains. 25482090 8 30 dep labelled 1067:1074 arg1 whereas 1126:1132 whereas 1126:1132 whereas 1126:1132 GNA and Con A labelled the interstitium and most of the germ cell types, whereas LCA and PHA-E showed affinity only for the interstitium. 25482090 7 31 theme Galanthus 803:811 arg1 GNA 833:835 GNA 833:835 GNA 833:835 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 31 theme Galanthus 803:811 arg1 agglutinin 821:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin 803:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops 803:851 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 31 theme Galanthus 803:811 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 31 theme Galanthus 803:811 arg1 PHA-E 984:988 PHA-E 984:988 PHA-E 984:988 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 1 32 theme chains 94:99 arg1 Analysis 75:82 Analysis 75:82 Analysis of glycan chains of glycoconjugates 75:118 Analysis of glycan chains of glycoconjugates is difficult because of their considerable variety. 25482090 6 33 theme testis 663:668 arg1 N-glycans 631:639 the N-glycans 627:639 the N-glycans of the Xenopus laevis testis 627:668 The aim of the present study was to analyse the N-glycans of the Xenopus laevis testis by means of lectin histochemistry. 25482090 0 34 theme Xenopus 13:19 arg1 laevis 21:26 Xenopus laevis 13:26 Xenopus laevis testis 13:33 N-Glycans in Xenopus laevis testis characterised by lectin histochemistry. 25482090 1 35 theme glycoconjugates 104:118 arg1 chains 94:99 glycan chains 87:99 glycan chains of glycoconjugates 87:118 Analysis of glycan chains of glycoconjugates is difficult because of their considerable variety. 25482090 6 36 theme Xenopus 648:654 arg1 laevis 656:661 Xenopus laevis 648:661 the Xenopus laevis testis 644:668 The aim of the present study was to analyse the N-glycans of the Xenopus laevis testis by means of lectin histochemistry. 25482090 7 37 theme complex 779:785 arg1 agglutinin 821:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin 803:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops 803:851 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 37 theme complex 779:785 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 37 theme complex 779:785 arg1 agglutinin 912:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin 897:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils 897:940 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 37 theme complex 779:785 arg1 A 867:867 concanavalin A 854:867 concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean 854:894 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 37 theme complex 779:785 arg1 erythroagglutinin 965:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 37 theme complex 779:785 arg1 leukoagglutinin 1007:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin 995:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) 995:1029 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 11 38 used used 1544:1547 arg2 pretreatments 1525:1537 deglycosylative pretreatments 1509:1537 deglycosylative pretreatments 1509:1537 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 10 39 theme specific 1433:1440 arg1 labelling 1442:1450 no specific labelling 1430:1450 no specific labelling 1430:1450 There was no specific labelling in the acrosome. 25482090 11 40 theme deglycosylative 1509:1523 arg1 pretreatments 1525:1537 deglycosylative pretreatments 1509:1537 deglycosylative pretreatments 1509:1537 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 7 41 theme mannose-containing 756:773 arg1 agglutinin 821:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin 803:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops 803:851 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 41 theme mannose-containing 756:773 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 41 theme mannose-containing 756:773 arg1 agglutinin 912:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin 897:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils 897:940 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 41 theme mannose-containing 756:773 arg1 A 867:867 concanavalin A 854:867 concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean 854:894 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 41 theme mannose-containing 756:773 arg1 erythroagglutinin 965:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 41 theme mannose-containing 756:773 arg1 leukoagglutinin 1007:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin 995:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) 995:1029 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 11 42 link N-linked 1628:1635 arg1 glycans 1637:1643 N-linked glycans 1628:1643 N-linked glycans 1628:1643 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 3 43 attach linked 280:285 arg2 oligosaccharides 263:278 oligosaccharides 263:278 oligosaccharides linked to asparagine residues of proteins 263:320 N-Glycans are oligosaccharides linked to asparagine residues of proteins. 25482090 3 43 attach linked 280:285 arg1 proteins 313:320 proteins 313:320 proteins 313:320 N-Glycans are oligosaccharides linked to asparagine residues of proteins. 25482090 3 43 attach linked 280:285 arg2 N-Glycans 249:257 N-Glycans 249:257 N-Glycans 249:257 N-Glycans are oligosaccharides linked to asparagine residues of proteins. 25482090 3 43 attach linked 280:285 arg1 residues 301:308 asparagine residues 290:308 asparagine residues of proteins 290:320 N-Glycans are oligosaccharides linked to asparagine residues of proteins. 25482090 13 44 theme new 1925:1927 arg1 patterns 1939:1946 new labelling patterns 1925:1946 new labelling patterns 1925:1946 The β-elimination procedure, which removes O-linked glycans, revealed new labelling patterns with GNA, LCA and PHA-L, suggesting that some N-glycans were masked by O-glycans, and thus they became accessible to these lectins only after removal of the O-linked oligosaccharides. 25482090 7 45 theme Jack 886:889 arg1 bean 891:894 the Jack bean 882:894 the Jack bean 882:894 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 2 46 theme functional 194:203 arg1 roles 205:209 several functional roles 186:209 several functional roles for these glycans 186:227 Despite this, several functional roles for these glycans have been reported. 25482090 13 47 link O-linked 2105:2112 arg1 oligosaccharides 2114:2129 the O-linked oligosaccharides 2101:2129 the O-linked oligosaccharides 2101:2129 The β-elimination procedure, which removes O-linked glycans, revealed new labelling patterns with GNA, LCA and PHA-L, suggesting that some N-glycans were masked by O-glycans, and thus they became accessible to these lectins only after removal of the O-linked oligosaccharides. 25482090 7 48 used used 723:726 arg2 lectins 710:716 Five lectins 705:716 Five lectins 705:716 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 13 49 theme O-linked 1898:1905 arg1 glycans 1907:1913 O-linked glycans 1898:1913 O-linked glycans 1898:1913 The β-elimination procedure, which removes O-linked glycans, revealed new labelling patterns with GNA, LCA and PHA-L, suggesting that some N-glycans were masked by O-glycans, and thus they became accessible to these lectins only after removal of the O-linked oligosaccharides. 25482090 9 50 theme spermatid 1318:1326 arg1 region 1328:1333 a spermatid region 1316:1333 a spermatid region that is probably associated with the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum 1316:1417 A granular cytoplasmic region was labelled in spermatogonia and spermatocytes by GNA and PHA-L, whereas GNA and LCA labelled a spermatid region that is probably associated with the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum. 25482090 7 51 dep P. 995:996 arg1 vulgaris 998:1005 vulgaris 998:1005 vulgaris 998:1005 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 11 52 theme glycosidase 1599:1609 arg1 F 1611:1611 peptide N glycosidase F 1589:1611 peptide N glycosidase F 1589:1611 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 7 53 theme common 1040:1045 arg1 bean 1047:1050 the common bean 1036:1050 the common bean 1036:1050 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 14 54 theme mammalian 2238:2246 arg1 spermatogenesis 2248:2262 mammalian spermatogenesis 2238:2262 mammalian spermatogenesis reported previously 2238:2282 The functional role of the glycan chains identified could be related to the role of N-glycans involved in mammalian spermatogenesis reported previously. 25482090 7 55 theme concanavalin 854:865 arg1 A 867:867 concanavalin A 854:867 concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean 854:894 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 55 theme concanavalin 854:865 arg1 A 874:874 Con A 870:874 Con A 870:874 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 55 theme concanavalin 854:865 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 agglutinin 821:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin 803:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops 803:851 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 agglutinin 912:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin 897:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils 897:940 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 GNA 833:835 GNA 833:835 GNA 833:835 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 A 867:867 concanavalin A 854:867 concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean 854:894 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 LCA 924:926 LCA 924:926 LCA 924:926 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 erythroagglutinin 965:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 A 874:874 Con A 870:874 Con A 870:874 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 leukoagglutinin 1007:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin 995:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) 995:1029 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 PHA-E 984:988 PHA-E 984:988 PHA-E 984:988 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 56 from lentils 934:940 arg1 PHA-L 1024:1028 PHA-L 1024:1028 PHA-L 1024:1028 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 6 57 theme present 598:604 arg1 study 606:610 the present study 594:610 the present study 594:610 The aim of the present study was to analyse the N-glycans of the Xenopus laevis testis by means of lectin histochemistry. 25482090 11 58 theme peptide 1589:1595 arg1 F 1611:1611 peptide N glycosidase F 1589:1611 peptide N glycosidase F 1589:1611 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 5 59 theme essential 498:506 arg1 role 508:511 An essential role 495:511 An essential role for complex N-glycans in mammalian spermatogenesis 495:562 An essential role for complex N-glycans in mammalian spermatogenesis has been reported. 25482090 5 60 from role 508:511 arg1 spermatogenesis 548:562 mammalian spermatogenesis 538:562 mammalian spermatogenesis 538:562 An essential role for complex N-glycans in mammalian spermatogenesis has been reported. 25482090 8 61 theme germ 1109:1112 arg1 types 1119:1123 the germ cell types 1105:1123 the germ cell types 1105:1123 GNA and Con A labelled the interstitium and most of the germ cell types, whereas LCA and PHA-E showed affinity only for the interstitium. 25482090 4 62 theme unique 383:388 arg1 way 390:392 a unique way 381:392 a unique way 381:392 They are synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a unique way, and later modified in both the ER and Golgi apparatus, developing different oligosaccharide chains. 25482090 9 63 theme centriolar 1372:1381 arg1 body 1389:1392 the centriolar basal body 1368:1392 the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum 1368:1417 A granular cytoplasmic region was labelled in spermatogonia and spermatocytes by GNA and PHA-L, whereas GNA and LCA labelled a spermatid region that is probably associated with the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum. 25482090 8 64 theme types 1119:1123 arg1 interstitium 1080:1091 interstitium 1080:1091 interstitium 1080:1091 GNA and Con A labelled the interstitium and most of the germ cell types, whereas LCA and PHA-E showed affinity only for the interstitium. 25482090 7 65 theme P. 995:996 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 65 theme P. 995:996 arg1 PHA-L 1024:1028 PHA-L 1024:1028 PHA-L 1024:1028 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 65 theme P. 995:996 arg1 leukoagglutinin 1007:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin 995:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) 995:1029 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 5 66 theme mammalian 538:546 arg1 spermatogenesis 548:562 mammalian spermatogenesis 538:562 mammalian spermatogenesis 538:562 An essential role for complex N-glycans in mammalian spermatogenesis has been reported. 25482090 12 67 theme germ 1843:1846 arg1 cells 1848:1852 the follicle (Sertoli) and post-meiotic germ cells 1803:1852 cells 1848:1852 However, after this pretreatment, the intensity of labelling remained or increased for Con A in the follicle (Sertoli) and post-meiotic germ cells. 25482090 5 68 theme complex 517:523 arg1 N-glycans 525:533 complex N-glycans 517:533 complex N-glycans 517:533 An essential role for complex N-glycans in mammalian spermatogenesis has been reported. 25482090 9 69 theme flagellum 1409:1417 arg1 body 1389:1392 the centriolar basal body 1368:1392 the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum 1368:1417 A granular cytoplasmic region was labelled in spermatogonia and spermatocytes by GNA and PHA-L, whereas GNA and LCA labelled a spermatid region that is probably associated with the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum. 25482090 3 70 theme proteins 313:320 arg1 proteins 313:320 proteins 313:320 proteins 313:320 N-Glycans are oligosaccharides linked to asparagine residues of proteins. 25482090 3 70 theme proteins 313:320 arg1 residues 301:308 asparagine residues 290:308 asparagine residues of proteins 290:320 N-Glycans are oligosaccharides linked to asparagine residues of proteins. 25482090 14 71 theme chains 2166:2171 arg1 related 2193:2199 related 2193:2199 related 2193:2199 The functional role of the glycan chains identified could be related to the role of N-glycans involved in mammalian spermatogenesis reported previously. 25482090 14 71 theme chains 2166:2171 arg1 role 2147:2150 The functional role 2132:2150 The functional role of the glycan chains identified 2132:2182 The functional role of the glycan chains identified could be related to the role of N-glycans involved in mammalian spermatogenesis reported previously. 25482090 7 72 theme Phaseolus 946:954 arg1 erythroagglutinin 965:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 72 theme Phaseolus 946:954 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 13 73 theme oligosaccharides 2114:2129 arg1 removal 2090:2096 removal 2090:2096 removal of the O-linked oligosaccharides 2090:2129 The β-elimination procedure, which removes O-linked glycans, revealed new labelling patterns with GNA, LCA and PHA-L, suggesting that some N-glycans were masked by O-glycans, and thus they became accessible to these lectins only after removal of the O-linked oligosaccharides. 25482090 9 74 theme cytoplasmic 1202:1212 arg1 region 1214:1219 A granular cytoplasmic region 1191:1219 A granular cytoplasmic region 1191:1219 A granular cytoplasmic region was labelled in spermatogonia and spermatocytes by GNA and PHA-L, whereas GNA and LCA labelled a spermatid region that is probably associated with the centriolar basal body of the nascent flagellum. 25482090 14 75 theme glycan 2159:2164 arg1 chains 2166:2171 the glycan chains 2155:2171 the glycan chains identified 2155:2182 The functional role of the glycan chains identified could be related to the role of N-glycans involved in mammalian spermatogenesis reported previously. 25482090 4 76 theme oligosaccharide 471:485 arg1 chains 487:492 different oligosaccharide chains 461:492 different oligosaccharide chains 461:492 They are synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a unique way, and later modified in both the ER and Golgi apparatus, developing different oligosaccharide chains. 25482090 7 77 theme culinaris 902:910 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 77 theme culinaris 902:910 arg1 LCA 924:926 LCA 924:926 LCA 924:926 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 77 theme culinaris 902:910 arg1 agglutinin 912:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin 897:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils 897:940 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 1 78 theme glycan 87:92 arg1 chains 94:99 glycan chains 87:99 glycan chains of glycoconjugates 87:118 Analysis of glycan chains of glycoconjugates is difficult because of their considerable variety. 25482090 14 79 theme functional 2136:2145 arg1 related 2193:2199 related 2193:2199 related 2193:2199 The functional role of the glycan chains identified could be related to the role of N-glycans involved in mammalian spermatogenesis reported previously. 25482090 14 79 theme functional 2136:2145 arg1 role 2147:2150 The functional role 2132:2150 The functional role of the glycan chains identified 2132:2182 The functional role of the glycan chains identified could be related to the role of N-glycans involved in mammalian spermatogenesis reported previously. 25482090 0 80 theme laevis 21:26 arg1 testis 28:33 Xenopus laevis testis 13:33 Xenopus laevis testis 13:33 N-Glycans in Xenopus laevis testis characterised by lectin histochemistry. 25482090 7 81 theme nivalis 813:819 arg1 GNA 833:835 GNA 833:835 GNA 833:835 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 81 theme nivalis 813:819 arg1 agglutinin 821:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin 803:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops 803:851 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 81 theme nivalis 813:819 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 81 theme nivalis 813:819 arg1 PHA-E 984:988 PHA-E 984:988 PHA-E 984:988 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 2 82 theme several 186:192 arg1 roles 205:209 several functional roles 186:209 several functional roles for these glycans 186:227 Despite this, several functional roles for these glycans have been reported. 25482090 6 83 theme laevis 656:661 arg1 testis 663:668 the Xenopus laevis testis 644:668 the Xenopus laevis testis 644:668 The aim of the present study was to analyse the N-glycans of the Xenopus laevis testis by means of lectin histochemistry. 25482090 13 84 theme O-linked 2105:2112 arg1 oligosaccharides 2114:2129 the O-linked oligosaccharides 2101:2129 the O-linked oligosaccharides 2101:2129 The β-elimination procedure, which removes O-linked glycans, revealed new labelling patterns with GNA, LCA and PHA-L, suggesting that some N-glycans were masked by O-glycans, and thus they became accessible to these lectins only after removal of the O-linked oligosaccharides. 25482090 0 85 theme lectin 52:57 arg1 histochemistry 59:72 lectin histochemistry 52:72 lectin histochemistry 52:72 N-Glycans in Xenopus laevis testis characterised by lectin histochemistry. 25482090 4 86 theme endoplasmic 351:361 arg1 reticulum 363:371 the endoplasmic reticulum 347:371 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a unique way 347:392 They are synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a unique way, and later modified in both the ER and Golgi apparatus, developing different oligosaccharide chains. 25482090 4 86 theme endoplasmic 351:361 arg1 ER 374:375 ER 374:375 ER 374:375 They are synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a unique way, and later modified in both the ER and Golgi apparatus, developing different oligosaccharide chains. 25482090 12 87 theme labelling 1758:1766 arg1 intensity 1745:1753 the intensity 1741:1753 the intensity of labelling 1741:1766 However, after this pretreatment, the intensity of labelling remained or increased for Con A in the follicle (Sertoli) and post-meiotic germ cells. 25482090 11 88 theme N-linked 1628:1635 arg1 glycans 1637:1643 N-linked glycans 1628:1643 N-linked glycans 1628:1643 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 agglutinin 821:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin 803:830 Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops 803:851 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 glycans 787:793 mannose-containing and complex glycans 756:793 glycans 787:793 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 agglutinin 912:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin 897:921 Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils 897:940 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 GNA 833:835 GNA 833:835 GNA 833:835 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 A 867:867 concanavalin A 854:867 concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean 854:894 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 LCA 924:926 LCA 924:926 LCA 924:926 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 erythroagglutinin 965:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 946:981 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 A 874:874 Con A 870:874 Con A 870:874 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 leukoagglutinin 1007:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin 995:1021 P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) 995:1029 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 PHA-E 984:988 PHA-E 984:988 PHA-E 984:988 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 89 from snowdrops 843:851 arg1 PHA-L 1024:1028 PHA-L 1024:1028 PHA-L 1024:1028 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 90 theme Con 870:872 arg1 A 867:867 concanavalin A 854:867 concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean 854:894 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 7 90 theme Con 870:872 arg1 A 874:874 Con A 870:874 Con A 870:874 Five lectins were used that specifically recognise mannose-containing and complex glycans, namely Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) from snowdrops, concanavalin A (Con A) from the Jack bean, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) from lentils and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the common bean. 25482090 11 91 theme tissue 1568:1573 arg1 sections 1575:1582 tissue sections 1568:1582 tissue sections 1568:1582 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25482090 11 92 with pre-incubation 1550:1563 arg1 F 1611:1611 peptide N glycosidase F 1589:1611 peptide N glycosidase F 1589:1611 Some unexpected results were found when deglycosylative pretreatments were used: pre-incubation of tissue sections with peptide N glycosidase F, which removes N-linked glycans, reduced or removed labelling with most lectins, as expected. 25074824 4 0 theme whey 553:556 arg1 films 576:580 whey proteins-chitosan films 553:580 whey proteins-chitosan films 553:580 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 4 1 theme films 673:677 arg1 strength 661:668 tensile strength 653:668 tensile strength of films 653:677 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 1 2 theme major 146:150 arg1 disease 165:171 a major post-harvest disease 144:171 a major post-harvest disease of apples 144:181 BACKGROUND Penicillium expansum causes a major post-harvest disease of apples. 25074824 6 3 with comparison 1064:1073 arg1 films 1080:1084 films 1080:1084 films made with the addition of quince juice 1080:1123 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 0 4 from effect 4:9 arg1 growth 63:68 the growth 59:68 the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples 59:102 The effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films on the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples. 25074824 1 5 theme post-harvest 152:163 arg1 disease 165:171 a major post-harvest disease 144:171 a major post-harvest disease of apples 144:181 BACKGROUND Penicillium expansum causes a major post-harvest disease of apples. 25074824 4 6 theme proteins-chitosan 558:574 arg1 films 576:580 whey proteins-chitosan films 553:580 whey proteins-chitosan films 553:580 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 0 7 theme expansum 85:92 arg1 growth 63:68 the growth 59:68 the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples 59:102 The effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films on the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples. 25074824 2 8 theme juice 345:349 arg1 quince 324:329 quince 324:329 quince 324:329 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 8 theme juice 345:349 arg1 juice 345:349 cranberry juice 335:349 cranberry juice 335:349 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 8 theme juice 345:349 arg1 amounts 313:319 different amounts 303:319 different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum 303:369 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 9 theme proteins-chitosan 268:284 arg1 films 286:290 chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 250:290 chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum 250:369 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 6 10 theme films 963:967 arg1 composition 912:922 the composition 908:922 the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 908:967 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 5 11 with Chitosan 680:687 arg1 quince 727:732 quince 727:732 quince 727:732 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 5 11 with Chitosan 680:687 arg1 juice 748:752 cranberry juice 738:752 cranberry juice 738:752 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 2 12 theme whey 263:266 arg1 films 286:290 chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 250:290 chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum 250:369 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 5 13 theme P. 818:819 arg1 growth 830:835 P. expansum growth 818:835 P. expansum growth 818:835 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 8 14 theme juice 1248:1252 arg1 Addition 1215:1222 CONCLUSION Addition 1204:1222 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents 1204:1330 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 4 15 from presence 479:486 arg1 composition 525:535 the composition 521:535 the composition of chitosan 521:547 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 6 16 theme simulation 1043:1052 arg1 medium 1054:1059 the simulation medium 1039:1059 the simulation medium 1039:1059 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 6 17 theme juice 1119:1123 arg1 addition 1100:1107 the addition 1096:1107 the addition of quince juice 1096:1123 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 4 18 from decrease 641:648 arg1 strength 661:668 tensile strength 653:668 tensile strength of films 653:677 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 4 18 from decrease 641:648 arg1 elasticity 626:635 elasticity 626:635 elasticity 626:635 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 8 19 theme proteins-chitosan 1279:1295 arg1 films 1297:1301 the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 1257:1301 the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents 1257:1330 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 6 20 theme proteins-chitosan 945:961 arg1 films 963:967 whey proteins-chitosan films 940:967 whey proteins-chitosan films 940:967 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 8 21 theme natural 1306:1312 arg1 agents 1325:1330 natural antifungal agents 1306:1330 natural antifungal agents 1306:1330 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 2 22 theme chitosan 250:257 arg1 films 286:290 chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 250:290 chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum 250:369 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 23 theme simulation 378:387 arg1 medium 389:394 the simulation medium 374:394 the simulation medium 374:394 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 5 24 theme ≤ 784:784 arg1 P 782:782 P ≤ 0.05 782:789 P ≤ 0.05 782:789 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 8 25 contain has 1332:1334 arg2 potential 1341:1349 some potential 1336:1349 some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples 1336:1389 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 8 25 contain has 1332:1334 arg1 Addition 1215:1222 CONCLUSION Addition 1204:1222 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents 1204:1330 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 6 26 theme whey 940:943 arg1 films 963:967 whey proteins-chitosan films 940:967 whey proteins-chitosan films 940:967 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 6 27 attach presence 877:884 arg2 juice 899:903 cranberry juice 889:903 cranberry juice 889:903 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 6 27 attach presence 877:884 arg1 composition 912:922 the composition 908:922 the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 908:967 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 6 28 theme growth 1024:1029 arg1 rate 1031:1034 a lower P. expansum growth rate 1004:1034 a lower P. expansum growth rate 1004:1034 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 1 29 theme apples 176:181 arg1 disease 165:171 a major post-harvest disease 144:171 a major post-harvest disease of apples 144:181 BACKGROUND Penicillium expansum causes a major post-harvest disease of apples. 25074824 4 30 theme quince 505:510 arg1 juice 512:516 quince juice 505:516 quince juice 505:516 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 4 31 theme chitosan 540:547 arg1 composition 525:535 the composition 521:535 the composition of chitosan 521:547 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 5 32 dep significant 769:779 arg1 P 782:782 P ≤ 0.05 782:789 P ≤ 0.05 782:789 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 2 33 theme different 303:311 arg1 quince 324:329 quince 324:329 quince 324:329 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 33 theme different 303:311 arg1 juice 345:349 cranberry juice 335:349 cranberry juice 335:349 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 33 theme different 303:311 arg1 amounts 313:319 different amounts 303:319 different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum 303:369 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 5 34 theme proteins-chitosan 698:714 arg1 films 716:720 whey proteins-chitosan films 693:720 whey proteins-chitosan films 693:720 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 3 35 theme mechanical 415:424 arg1 properties 426:435 The mechanical properties 411:435 The mechanical properties of films 411:444 The mechanical properties of films were also evaluated. 25074824 0 36 theme chitosan 14:21 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films on the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples. 0:103 The effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films on the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples. 25074824 6 37 theme chitosan 927:934 arg1 composition 912:922 the composition 908:922 the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 908:967 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 5 38 with films 716:720 arg1 quince 727:732 quince 727:732 quince 727:732 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 5 38 with films 716:720 arg1 juice 748:752 cranberry juice 738:752 cranberry juice 738:752 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 8 39 theme whey 1274:1277 arg1 proteins-chitosan 1279:1295 whey proteins-chitosan 1274:1295 whey proteins-chitosan 1274:1295 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 4 40 from increase 614:621 arg1 strength 661:668 tensile strength 653:668 tensile strength of films 653:677 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 4 40 from increase 614:621 arg1 elasticity 626:635 elasticity 626:635 elasticity 626:635 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 6 41 theme P. 1012:1013 arg1 rate 1031:1034 a lower P. expansum growth rate 1004:1034 a lower P. expansum growth rate 1004:1034 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 5 42 theme inhibition 792:801 arg1 effect 803:808 a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect 767:808 a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples 767:870 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 4 43 attach presence 479:486 arg2 juice 512:516 quince juice 505:516 quince juice 505:516 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 4 43 attach presence 479:486 arg2 cranberry 491:499 cranberry 491:499 cranberry 491:499 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 4 43 attach presence 479:486 arg1 composition 525:535 the composition 521:535 the composition of chitosan 521:547 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 8 44 theme antifungal 1314:1323 arg1 agents 1325:1330 natural antifungal agents 1306:1330 natural antifungal agents 1306:1330 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 2 45 theme films 286:290 arg1 effect 240:245 the inhibition effect 225:245 the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples 225:408 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 6 46 theme lower 1006:1010 arg1 rate 1031:1034 a lower P. expansum growth rate 1004:1034 a lower P. expansum growth rate 1004:1034 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 0 47 theme whey 27:30 arg1 films 50:54 whey proteins-chitosan films 27:54 whey proteins-chitosan films 27:54 The effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films on the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples. 25074824 8 48 theme cranberry 1238:1246 arg1 juice 1248:1252 cranberry juice 1238:1252 cranberry juice 1238:1252 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 0 49 from growth 63:68 arg1 apples 97:102 apples 97:102 apples 97:102 The effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films on the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples. 25074824 2 50 from effect 240:245 arg1 medium 389:394 the simulation medium 374:394 the simulation medium 374:394 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 50 from effect 240:245 arg1 apples 403:408 apples 403:408 apples 403:408 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 3 51 theme films 440:444 arg1 properties 426:435 The mechanical properties 411:435 The mechanical properties of films 411:444 The mechanical properties of films were also evaluated. 25074824 5 52 theme significant 769:779 arg1 effect 803:808 a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect 767:808 a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples 767:870 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 5 53 theme whey 693:696 arg1 films 716:720 whey proteins-chitosan films 693:720 whey proteins-chitosan films 693:720 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 6 54 theme longer 983:988 arg1 phase 994:998 a longer lag phase 981:998 a longer lag phase 981:998 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 5 55 theme expansum 821:828 arg1 growth 830:835 P. expansum growth 818:835 P. expansum growth 818:835 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 0 56 theme films 50:54 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films on the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples. 0:103 The effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films on the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples. 25074824 2 57 contain containing 292:301 arg2 amounts 313:319 different amounts 303:319 different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum 303:369 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 57 contain containing 292:301 arg2 quince 324:329 quince 324:329 quince 324:329 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 57 contain containing 292:301 arg1 films 286:290 chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 250:290 chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum 250:369 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 57 contain containing 292:301 arg2 juice 345:349 cranberry juice 335:349 cranberry juice 335:349 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 8 58 theme shelf 1370:1374 arg1 life 1376:1379 the shelf life 1366:1379 the shelf life of apples 1366:1389 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 2 59 theme cranberry 335:343 arg1 juice 345:349 cranberry juice 335:349 cranberry juice 335:349 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 0 60 theme proteins-chitosan 32:48 arg1 films 50:54 whey proteins-chitosan films 27:54 whey proteins-chitosan films 27:54 The effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films on the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples. 25074824 6 61 theme cranberry 889:897 arg1 juice 899:903 cranberry juice 889:903 cranberry juice 889:903 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 2 62 theme study 200:204 arg1 aim 188:190 The aim 184:190 The aim of this study 184:204 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 5 63 from effect 803:808 arg1 apples 865:870 apples 865:870 apples 865:870 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 5 63 from effect 803:808 arg1 medium 854:859 the simulated medium 840:859 the simulated medium 840:859 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 1 64 theme BACKGROUND 105:114 arg1 expansum 128:135 BACKGROUND Penicillium expansum 105:135 BACKGROUND Penicillium expansum 105:135 BACKGROUND Penicillium expansum causes a major post-harvest disease of apples. 25074824 6 65 theme juice 899:903 arg1 presence 877:884 The presence 873:884 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 873:967 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 6 66 theme lag 990:992 arg1 phase 994:998 a longer lag phase 981:998 a longer lag phase 981:998 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 2 67 theme quince 324:329 arg1 quince 324:329 quince 324:329 quince 324:329 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 67 theme quince 324:329 arg1 juice 345:349 cranberry juice 335:349 cranberry juice 335:349 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 2 67 theme quince 324:329 arg1 amounts 313:319 different amounts 303:319 different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum 303:369 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 5 68 theme simulated 844:852 arg1 medium 854:859 the simulated medium 840:859 the simulated medium 840:859 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 8 69 theme quince 1227:1232 arg1 Addition 1215:1222 CONCLUSION Addition 1204:1222 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents 1204:1330 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 6 70 theme quince 1112:1117 arg1 juice 1119:1123 quince juice 1112:1123 quince juice 1112:1123 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 6 71 theme expansum 1015:1022 arg1 rate 1031:1034 a lower P. expansum growth rate 1004:1034 a lower P. expansum growth rate 1004:1034 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 8 72 theme chitosan 1261:1268 arg1 films 1297:1301 the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 1257:1301 the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents 1257:1330 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 1 73 theme Penicillium 116:126 arg1 expansum 128:135 BACKGROUND Penicillium expansum 105:135 BACKGROUND Penicillium expansum 105:135 BACKGROUND Penicillium expansum causes a major post-harvest disease of apples. 25074824 6 74 from presence 877:884 arg1 composition 912:922 the composition 908:922 the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films 908:967 The presence of cranberry juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films resulted in a longer lag phase and a lower P. expansum growth rate on the simulation medium in comparison with films made with the addition of quince juice. 25074824 4 75 dep significant 591:601 arg1 P 604:604 P ≤ 0.05 604:611 P ≤ 0.05 604:611 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 2 76 theme inhibition 229:238 arg1 effect 240:245 the inhibition effect 225:245 the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples 225:408 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films containing different amounts of quince and cranberry juice against P. expansum on the simulation medium and on apples. 25074824 8 77 theme CONCLUSION 1204:1213 arg1 Addition 1215:1222 CONCLUSION Addition 1204:1222 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents 1204:1330 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 4 78 theme ≤ 606:606 arg1 P 604:604 P ≤ 0.05 604:611 P ≤ 0.05 604:611 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 5 79 theme cranberry 738:746 arg1 juice 748:752 cranberry juice 738:752 cranberry juice 738:752 Chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films with quince and cranberry juice demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition effect against P. expansum growth on the simulated medium and apples. 25074824 4 80 theme cranberry 491:499 arg1 presence 479:486 The presence 475:486 The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan 475:547 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 8 81 theme apples 1384:1389 arg1 life 1376:1379 the shelf life 1366:1379 the shelf life of apples 1366:1389 CONCLUSION Addition of quince and cranberry juice to the chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films as natural antifungal agents has some potential for prolonging the shelf life of apples. 25074824 4 82 theme significant 591:601 arg1 increase 614:621 a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase 589:621 a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity 589:635 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 4 83 theme tensile 653:659 arg1 strength 661:668 tensile strength 653:668 tensile strength of films 653:677 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 25074824 4 84 theme juice 512:516 arg1 presence 479:486 The presence 475:486 The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan 475:547 RESULTS The presence of cranberry and quince juice in the composition of chitosan and whey proteins-chitosan films caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in elasticity and decrease in tensile strength of films. 24534625 12 0 theme post-thawing 1647:1658 arg1 traits 1668:1673 The post-thawing quality traits 1643:1673 The post-thawing quality traits of semen 1643:1682 The post-thawing quality traits of semen were not affected by the genetic line, although LP line showed higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses. 24534625 9 1 theme extender 1291:1298 arg1 A 1300:1300 extender A 1291:1300 extender A 1291:1300 Freezing extender affected fertility rate, total born, number of implantation sites and gestational losses, obtaining better results when extender A was used. 24534625 8 2 theme 20 1041:1042 arg1 % 1043:1043 % 1043:1043 % 1043:1043 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk had no effect on acrosome integrity but provided significantly lower sperm motility and viability. 24534625 13 3 theme cryoprotectant 1987:2000 arg1 Me2SO 1959:1963 Me2SO 1959:1963 Me2SO 1959:1963 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 13 3 theme cryoprotectant 1987:2000 arg1 sucrose 2002:2008 permeable cryoprotectant sucrose 1977:2008 permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits 1977:2091 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 8 4 theme egg 1045:1047 arg1 yolk 1049:1052 20% egg yolk 1041:1052 20% egg yolk 1041:1052 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk had no effect on acrosome integrity but provided significantly lower sperm motility and viability. 24534625 5 5 theme water 714:718 arg1 bath 720:723 a water bath 712:723 a water bath at 50°C for 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics 712:777 Thawing was carried out by immersing the straws in a water bath at 50°C for 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics and reproductive parameters were affected by freezing. 24534625 8 6 theme Sucrose 1018:1024 arg1 replacement 1026:1036 Sucrose replacement 1018:1036 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk 1018:1052 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk had no effect on acrosome integrity but provided significantly lower sperm motility and viability. 24534625 8 7 theme sperm 1123:1127 arg1 motility 1129:1136 significantly lower sperm motility 1103:1136 significantly lower sperm motility 1103:1136 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk had no effect on acrosome integrity but provided significantly lower sperm motility and viability. 24534625 2 8 theme extender 278:285 arg1 A 287:287 extender A 278:287 extender A 278:287 In extender A, dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) and sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. 24534625 1 9 theme freezing 173:180 arg1 extenders 182:190 different freezing extenders 163:190 different freezing extenders 163:190 This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different freezing extenders on two lines selected for hyperprolificacy and longevity (H and LP, respectively). 24534625 13 10 theme male 2122:2125 arg1 genotypes 2127:2135 the male genotypes 2118:2135 the male genotypes used in the present study 2118:2161 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 8 11 theme acrosome 1071:1078 arg1 integrity 1080:1088 acrosome integrity 1071:1088 acrosome integrity 1071:1088 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk had no effect on acrosome integrity but provided significantly lower sperm motility and viability. 24534625 13 12 theme other 2106:2110 arg1 hand 2112:2115 the other hand 2102:2115 the other hand 2102:2115 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 0 13 from traits 63:68 arg1 rabbits 102:108 rabbits 102:108 rabbits 102:108 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 4 14 theme liquid 580:585 arg1 vapour 596:601 liquid nitrogen vapour 580:601 liquid nitrogen vapour 580:601 Semen was packaged in 0.25 ml plastic straws and cooled at 5°C for 45 min, and then was frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min before being plunged into the liquid nitrogen. 24534625 13 15 theme sperm 1926:1930 arg1 success 1908:1914 the success 1904:1914 the success of rabbit sperm for preservation 1904:1947 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 5 16 theme semen 757:761 arg1 characteristics 763:777 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics 737:777 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics 737:777 Thawing was carried out by immersing the straws in a water bath at 50°C for 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics and reproductive parameters were affected by freezing. 24534625 11 17 theme semen 1603:1607 arg1 motility 1591:1598 motility 1591:1598 motility of semen and implantation sites 1591:1630 A positive correlation between motility of semen and implantation sites was found. 24534625 10 18 with correlation 1385:1395 arg1 fertility 1402:1410 fertility 1402:1410 fertility 1402:1410 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 2 19 used used 335:338 arg2 sucrose 322:328 sucrose 322:328 sucrose 322:328 In extender A, dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) and sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. 24534625 2 19 used used 335:338 arg2 cryoprotectants 343:357 cryoprotectants 343:357 cryoprotectants 343:357 In extender A, dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) and sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. 24534625 2 19 used used 335:338 arg2 Me2SO 311:315 Me2SO 311:315 Me2SO 311:315 In extender A, dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) and sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. 24534625 2 19 used used 335:338 arg2 sulphoxide 299:308 dimethyl sulphoxide 290:308 dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) 290:316 In extender A, dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) and sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. 24534625 9 20 theme Freezing 1153:1160 arg1 extender 1162:1169 Freezing extender 1153:1169 Freezing extender 1153:1169 Freezing extender affected fertility rate, total born, number of implantation sites and gestational losses, obtaining better results when extender A was used. 24534625 8 21 contain had 1054:1056 arg1 replacement 1026:1036 Sucrose replacement 1018:1036 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk 1018:1052 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk had no effect on acrosome integrity but provided significantly lower sperm motility and viability. 24534625 8 21 contain had 1054:1056 arg2 effect 1061:1066 no effect 1058:1066 no effect 1058:1066 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk had no effect on acrosome integrity but provided significantly lower sperm motility and viability. 24534625 1 22 from effect 153:158 arg1 lines 199:203 two lines 195:203 two lines selected for hyperprolificacy and longevity (H and LP, respectively) 195:272 This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different freezing extenders on two lines selected for hyperprolificacy and longevity (H and LP, respectively). 24534625 6 23 theme post-thawing 872:883 arg1 traits 893:898 significantly lower post-thawing quality traits 852:898 significantly lower post-thawing quality traits 852:898 Extender C showed significantly lower post-thawing quality traits than any of the three extenders. 24534625 10 24 theme acrosomal 1316:1324 arg1 integrity 1326:1334 The acrosomal integrity 1312:1334 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process 1312:1362 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 13 25 theme rabbit 1919:1924 arg1 sperm 1926:1930 rabbit sperm 1919:1930 rabbit sperm 1919:1930 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 5 26 theme s. 740:741 arg1 characteristics 763:777 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics 737:777 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics 737:777 Thawing was carried out by immersing the straws in a water bath at 50°C for 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics and reproductive parameters were affected by freezing. 24534625 0 27 from Effect 0:5 arg1 traits 63:68 semen traits 57:68 semen traits 57:68 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 0 27 from Effect 0:5 arg1 performance 87:97 reproductive performance 74:97 reproductive performance in rabbits 74:108 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 11 28 theme implantation 1613:1624 arg1 sites 1626:1630 implantation sites 1613:1630 implantation sites 1613:1630 A positive correlation between motility of semen and implantation sites was found. 24534625 0 29 theme reproductive 74:85 arg1 performance 87:97 reproductive performance 74:97 reproductive performance in rabbits 74:108 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 5 30 from 50°C 728:731 arg1 bath 720:723 a water bath 712:723 a water bath at 50°C for 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics 712:777 Thawing was carried out by immersing the straws in a water bath at 50°C for 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics and reproductive parameters were affected by freezing. 24534625 13 31 theme reproductive 2247:2258 arg1 parameters 2260:2269 the reproductive parameters 2243:2269 the reproductive parameters 2243:2269 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 12 32 theme LP 1732:1733 arg1 line 1735:1738 LP line 1732:1738 LP line 1732:1738 The post-thawing quality traits of semen were not affected by the genetic line, although LP line showed higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses. 24534625 3 33 dep extenders 363:371 arg1 extenders 363:371 extenders B and C 363:379 extenders B and C 363:379 In extenders B and C, the sucrose was replaced by 20% egg yolk, and in extender C the Me2SO was substituted by acetamide. 24534625 3 33 dep extenders 363:371 arg1 C 379:379 C 379:379 C 379:379 In extenders B and C, the sucrose was replaced by 20% egg yolk, and in extender C the Me2SO was substituted by acetamide. 24534625 3 33 dep extenders 363:371 arg1 B 373:373 B 373:373 B 373:373 In extenders B and C, the sucrose was replaced by 20% egg yolk, and in extender C the Me2SO was substituted by acetamide. 24534625 0 34 theme freezing 10:17 arg1 composition 28:38 freezing extender composition 10:38 freezing extender composition 10:38 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 13 35 theme reproductive 2073:2084 arg1 traits 2086:2091 reproductive traits 2073:2091 reproductive traits 2073:2091 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 12 36 theme genetic 1709:1715 arg1 line 1717:1720 the genetic line 1705:1720 the genetic line 1705:1720 The post-thawing quality traits of semen were not affected by the genetic line, although LP line showed higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses. 24534625 10 37 theme 12th 1536:1539 arg1 fertilities 1523:1533 both fertilities 1518:1533 both fertilities (12th day and at birth) 1518:1557 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 10 37 theme 12th 1536:1539 arg1 day 1541:1543 12th day 1536:1543 12th day 1536:1543 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 0 38 theme composition 28:38 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 0:109 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 9 39 theme sites 1231:1235 arg1 number 1208:1213 number 1208:1213 number of implantation sites 1208:1235 Freezing extender affected fertility rate, total born, number of implantation sites and gestational losses, obtaining better results when extender A was used. 24534625 9 39 theme sites 1231:1235 arg1 rate 1190:1193 fertility rate 1180:1193 fertility rate 1180:1193 Freezing extender affected fertility rate, total born, number of implantation sites and gestational losses, obtaining better results when extender A was used. 24534625 9 39 theme sites 1231:1235 arg1 losses 1253:1258 gestational losses 1241:1258 gestational losses 1241:1258 Freezing extender affected fertility rate, total born, number of implantation sites and gestational losses, obtaining better results when extender A was used. 24534625 13 40 used used 1969:1972 arg2 Me2SO 1959:1963 Me2SO 1959:1963 Me2SO 1959:1963 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 13 40 used used 1969:1972 arg2 sucrose 2002:2008 permeable cryoprotectant sucrose 1977:2008 permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits 1977:2091 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 13 41 theme sperm 2194:2198 arg1 parameters 2200:2209 frozen-thawed sperm parameters 2180:2209 frozen-thawed sperm parameters 2180:2209 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 13 42 contain had 2163:2165 arg1 genotypes 2127:2135 the male genotypes 2118:2135 the male genotypes used in the present study 2118:2161 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 13 42 contain had 2163:2165 arg2 effect 2170:2175 no effect 2167:2175 no effect 2167:2175 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 10 43 theme 12th 1415:1418 arg1 day 1420:1422 12th day 1415:1422 12th day 1415:1422 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 13 44 theme extender 1855:1862 arg1 composition 1864:1874 freezing extender composition 1846:1874 freezing extender composition 1846:1874 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 3 45 theme egg 414:416 arg1 yolk 418:421 20% egg yolk 410:421 20% egg yolk 410:421 In extenders B and C, the sucrose was replaced by 20% egg yolk, and in extender C the Me2SO was substituted by acetamide. 24534625 0 46 theme male 44:47 arg1 line 49:52 male line 44:52 male line 44:52 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 13 47 theme egg 2051:2053 arg1 yolk 2055:2058 egg yolk 2051:2058 egg yolk 2051:2058 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 2 48 theme dimethyl 290:297 arg1 sulphoxide 299:308 dimethyl sulphoxide 290:308 dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) 290:316 In extender A, dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) and sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. 24534625 2 48 theme dimethyl 290:297 arg1 cryoprotectants 343:357 cryoprotectants 343:357 cryoprotectants 343:357 In extender A, dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) and sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. 24534625 2 48 theme dimethyl 290:297 arg1 Me2SO 311:315 Me2SO 311:315 Me2SO 311:315 In extender A, dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) and sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. 24534625 2 48 theme dimethyl 290:297 arg1 sucrose 322:328 sucrose 322:328 sucrose 322:328 In extender A, dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) and sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. 24534625 4 49 theme 0.25 504:507 arg1 ml 509:510 ml 509:510 ml 509:510 Semen was packaged in 0.25 ml plastic straws and cooled at 5°C for 45 min, and then was frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min before being plunged into the liquid nitrogen. 24534625 11 50 theme positive 1562:1569 arg1 correlation 1571:1581 A positive correlation 1560:1581 A positive correlation between motility of semen and implantation sites 1560:1630 A positive correlation between motility of semen and implantation sites was found. 24534625 10 51 dep fertilities 1523:1533 arg1 fertilities 1523:1533 both fertilities 1518:1533 both fertilities (12th day and at birth) 1518:1557 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 10 51 dep fertilities 1523:1533 arg1 day 1541:1543 12th day 1536:1543 12th day 1536:1543 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 10 51 dep fertilities 1523:1533 arg1 birth 1552:1556 birth 1552:1556 birth 1552:1556 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 13 52 theme study 1827:1831 arg1 findings 1810:1817 The findings 1806:1817 The findings of this study 1806:1831 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 9 53 theme better 1271:1276 arg1 results 1278:1284 better results 1271:1284 better results 1271:1284 Freezing extender affected fertility rate, total born, number of implantation sites and gestational losses, obtaining better results when extender A was used. 24534625 10 54 from increase 1462:1469 arg1 integrity 1484:1492 acrosomal integrity 1474:1492 acrosomal integrity 1474:1492 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 12 55 theme quality 1660:1666 arg1 traits 1668:1673 The post-thawing quality traits 1643:1673 The post-thawing quality traits of semen 1643:1682 The post-thawing quality traits of semen were not affected by the genetic line, although LP line showed higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses. 24534625 12 56 dep higher 1747:1752 arg1 born 1760:1763 born 1760:1763 born 1760:1763 The post-thawing quality traits of semen were not affected by the genetic line, although LP line showed higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses. 24534625 4 57 theme plastic 512:518 arg1 straws 520:525 0.25 ml plastic straws 504:525 0.25 ml plastic straws 504:525 Semen was packaged in 0.25 ml plastic straws and cooled at 5°C for 45 min, and then was frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min before being plunged into the liquid nitrogen. 24534625 7 58 used used 994:997 arg2 cryoprotectant 1002:1015 cryoprotectant 1002:1015 cryoprotectant 1002:1015 Acrosome integrity was significantly improved when Me2SO was used as cryoprotectant. 24534625 7 58 used used 994:997 arg2 Me2SO 984:988 Me2SO 984:988 Me2SO 984:988 Acrosome integrity was significantly improved when Me2SO was used as cryoprotectant. 24534625 13 59 theme permeable 1977:1985 arg1 Me2SO 1959:1963 Me2SO 1959:1963 Me2SO 1959:1963 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 13 59 theme permeable 1977:1985 arg1 sucrose 2002:2008 permeable cryoprotectant sucrose 1977:2008 permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits 1977:2091 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 13 60 theme present 2149:2155 arg1 study 2157:2161 the present study 2145:2161 the present study 2145:2161 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 8 61 theme % 1043:1043 arg1 yolk 1049:1052 20% egg yolk 1041:1052 20% egg yolk 1041:1052 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk had no effect on acrosome integrity but provided significantly lower sperm motility and viability. 24534625 9 62 theme gestational 1241:1251 arg1 losses 1253:1258 gestational losses 1241:1258 gestational losses 1241:1258 Freezing extender affected fertility rate, total born, number of implantation sites and gestational losses, obtaining better results when extender A was used. 24534625 10 63 theme acrosomal 1474:1482 arg1 integrity 1484:1492 acrosomal integrity 1474:1492 acrosomal integrity 1474:1492 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 1 64 theme different 163:171 arg1 extenders 182:190 different freezing extenders 163:190 different freezing extenders 163:190 This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different freezing extenders on two lines selected for hyperprolificacy and longevity (H and LP, respectively). 24534625 6 65 theme Extender 834:841 arg1 C 843:843 Extender C 834:843 Extender C 834:843 Extender C showed significantly lower post-thawing quality traits than any of the three extenders. 24534625 8 66 theme lower 1117:1121 arg1 motility 1129:1136 significantly lower sperm motility 1103:1136 significantly lower sperm motility 1103:1136 Sucrose replacement by 20% egg yolk had no effect on acrosome integrity but provided significantly lower sperm motility and viability. 24534625 7 67 theme Acrosome 933:940 arg1 integrity 942:950 Acrosome integrity 933:950 Acrosome integrity 933:950 Acrosome integrity was significantly improved when Me2SO was used as cryoprotectant. 24534625 1 68 theme extenders 182:190 arg1 effect 153:158 the effect 149:158 the effect of different freezing extenders on two lines selected for hyperprolificacy and longevity (H and LP, respectively) 149:272 This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different freezing extenders on two lines selected for hyperprolificacy and longevity (H and LP, respectively). 24534625 1 69 dep hyperprolificacy 218:233 arg1 LP 256:257 LP 256:257 LP 256:257 This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different freezing extenders on two lines selected for hyperprolificacy and longevity (H and LP, respectively). 24534625 1 69 dep hyperprolificacy 218:233 arg1 H 250:250 H 250:250 H 250:250 This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different freezing extenders on two lines selected for hyperprolificacy and longevity (H and LP, respectively). 24534625 12 70 theme foetal 1775:1780 arg1 losses 1798:1803 higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses 1747:1803 higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses 1747:1803 The post-thawing quality traits of semen were not affected by the genetic line, although LP line showed higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses. 24534625 13 71 dep sucrose 2002:2008 arg1 provided 2010:2017 provided 2010:2017 provided better protection compared with egg yolk 2010:2058 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 13 71 dep sucrose 2002:2008 arg1 improved 2064:2071 improved 2064:2071 improved reproductive traits 2064:2091 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 5 72 theme Frozen-thawed 743:755 arg1 characteristics 763:777 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics 737:777 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics 737:777 Thawing was carried out by immersing the straws in a water bath at 50°C for 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics and reproductive parameters were affected by freezing. 24534625 12 73 theme gestational 1786:1796 arg1 losses 1798:1803 higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses 1747:1803 higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses 1747:1803 The post-thawing quality traits of semen were not affected by the genetic line, although LP line showed higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses. 24534625 0 74 from performance 87:97 arg1 rabbits 102:108 rabbits 102:108 rabbits 102:108 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 4 75 theme nitrogen 587:594 arg1 vapour 596:601 liquid nitrogen vapour 580:601 liquid nitrogen vapour 580:601 Semen was packaged in 0.25 ml plastic straws and cooled at 5°C for 45 min, and then was frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min before being plunged into the liquid nitrogen. 24534625 3 76 theme 20 410:411 arg1 % 412:412 % 412:412 % 412:412 In extenders B and C, the sucrose was replaced by 20% egg yolk, and in extender C the Me2SO was substituted by acetamide. 24534625 0 77 theme semen 57:61 arg1 traits 63:68 semen traits 57:68 semen traits 57:68 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 6 78 theme quality 885:891 arg1 traits 893:898 significantly lower post-thawing quality traits 852:898 significantly lower post-thawing quality traits 852:898 Extender C showed significantly lower post-thawing quality traits than any of the three extenders. 24534625 4 79 theme ml 509:510 arg1 straws 520:525 0.25 ml plastic straws 504:525 0.25 ml plastic straws 504:525 Semen was packaged in 0.25 ml plastic straws and cooled at 5°C for 45 min, and then was frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min before being plunged into the liquid nitrogen. 24534625 6 80 theme lower 866:870 arg1 traits 893:898 significantly lower post-thawing quality traits 852:898 significantly lower post-thawing quality traits 852:898 Extender C showed significantly lower post-thawing quality traits than any of the three extenders. 24534625 9 81 theme fertility 1180:1188 arg1 rate 1190:1193 fertility rate 1180:1193 fertility rate 1180:1193 Freezing extender affected fertility rate, total born, number of implantation sites and gestational losses, obtaining better results when extender A was used. 24534625 12 82 theme lower 1769:1773 arg1 losses 1798:1803 higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses 1747:1803 higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses 1747:1803 The post-thawing quality traits of semen were not affected by the genetic line, although LP line showed higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses. 24534625 11 83 theme sites 1626:1630 arg1 motility 1591:1598 motility 1591:1598 motility of semen and implantation sites 1591:1630 A positive correlation between motility of semen and implantation sites was found. 24534625 13 84 theme significant 1882:1892 arg1 effect 1894:1899 a significant effect 1880:1899 a significant effect 1880:1899 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 10 85 theme frozen-thawed 1342:1354 arg1 process 1356:1362 frozen-thawed process 1342:1362 frozen-thawed process 1342:1362 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 12 86 theme higher 1747:1752 arg1 losses 1798:1803 higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses 1747:1803 higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses 1747:1803 The post-thawing quality traits of semen were not affected by the genetic line, although LP line showed higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses. 24534625 5 87 theme reproductive 783:794 arg1 parameters 796:805 reproductive parameters 783:805 reproductive parameters 783:805 Thawing was carried out by immersing the straws in a water bath at 50°C for 10 s. Frozen-thawed semen characteristics and reproductive parameters were affected by freezing. 24534625 0 88 theme extender 19:26 arg1 composition 28:38 freezing extender composition 10:38 freezing extender composition 10:38 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 10 89 theme significant 1373:1383 arg1 correlation 1385:1395 a significant correlation 1371:1395 a significant correlation with fertility 1371:1410 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 9 90 theme implantation 1218:1229 arg1 sites 1231:1235 implantation sites 1218:1235 implantation sites 1218:1235 Freezing extender affected fertility rate, total born, number of implantation sites and gestational losses, obtaining better results when extender A was used. 24534625 13 91 theme frozen-thawed 2180:2192 arg1 parameters 2200:2209 frozen-thawed sperm parameters 2180:2209 frozen-thawed sperm parameters 2180:2209 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 9 92 used used 1306:1309 arg2 A 1300:1300 extender A 1291:1300 extender A 1291:1300 Freezing extender affected fertility rate, total born, number of implantation sites and gestational losses, obtaining better results when extender A was used. 24534625 13 93 theme better 2019:2024 arg1 protection 2026:2035 better protection 2019:2035 better protection 2019:2035 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 13 94 theme freezing 1846:1853 arg1 composition 1864:1874 freezing extender composition 1846:1874 freezing extender composition 1846:1874 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 0 95 theme line 49:52 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 0:109 Effect of freezing extender composition and male line on semen traits and reproductive performance in rabbits. 24534625 10 96 from increase 1506:1513 arg1 fertilities 1523:1533 both fertilities 1518:1533 both fertilities (12th day and at birth) 1518:1557 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 10 96 from increase 1506:1513 arg1 day 1541:1543 12th day 1536:1543 12th day 1536:1543 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 10 96 from increase 1506:1513 arg1 birth 1552:1556 birth 1552:1556 birth 1552:1556 The acrosomal integrity after frozen-thawed process showed a significant correlation with fertility at 12th day and also at birth, indicating that an increase in acrosomal integrity leads to an increase in both fertilities (12th day and at birth). 24534625 12 97 theme semen 1678:1682 arg1 traits 1668:1673 The post-thawing quality traits 1643:1673 The post-thawing quality traits of semen 1643:1682 The post-thawing quality traits of semen were not affected by the genetic line, although LP line showed higher total born and lower foetal and gestational losses. 24534625 13 98 contain has 1876:1878 arg1 composition 1864:1874 freezing extender composition 1846:1874 freezing extender composition 1846:1874 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 13 98 contain has 1876:1878 arg2 effect 1894:1899 a significant effect 1880:1899 a significant effect 1880:1899 The findings of this study suggest that freezing extender composition has a significant effect on the success of rabbit sperm for preservation, and when Me2SO was used as permeable cryoprotectant sucrose provided better protection compared with egg yolk and improved reproductive traits, and, on the other hand, the male genotypes used in the present study had no effect on frozen-thawed sperm parameters but negatively affected some of the reproductive parameters. 24534625 4 99 theme liquid 644:649 arg1 nitrogen 651:658 the liquid nitrogen 640:658 the liquid nitrogen 640:658 Semen was packaged in 0.25 ml plastic straws and cooled at 5°C for 45 min, and then was frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min before being plunged into the liquid nitrogen. 24534625 3 100 theme % 412:412 arg1 yolk 418:421 20% egg yolk 410:421 20% egg yolk 410:421 In extenders B and C, the sucrose was replaced by 20% egg yolk, and in extender C the Me2SO was substituted by acetamide. 24534625 3 101 theme extender 431:438 arg1 C 440:440 extender C 431:440 extender C 431:440 In extenders B and C, the sucrose was replaced by 20% egg yolk, and in extender C the Me2SO was substituted by acetamide. 28739501 0 0 theme local 114:118 arg1 chemotherapy 126:137 local tumor chemotherapy 114:137 local tumor chemotherapy 114:137 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel releasing doxorubicin loaded micelles with pH-sensitivity for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 7 1 theme free 1053:1056 arg1 group 1072:1076 free DOX treatment group 1053:1076 free DOX treatment group 1053:1076 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 3 2 theme α-cyclodextrin 521:534 arg1 addition 509:516 addition 509:516 addition of α-cyclodextrin into DOX/GC-PF127 micelle solution 509:569 DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel formed after addition of α-cyclodextrin into DOX/GC-PF127 micelle solution. 28739501 1 3 theme glycol 281:286 arg1 chitosan 288:295 glycol chitosan 281:295 glycol chitosan (GC) 281:300 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 1 3 theme glycol 281:286 arg1 GC 298:299 GC 298:299 GC 298:299 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 7 4 theme peritumoral 1275:1285 arg1 injection 1287:1295 once peritumoral injection 1270:1295 once peritumoral injection 1270:1295 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 1 5 theme -loaded 340:346 arg1 micelles 348:355 doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles 323:355 doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles 323:355 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 7 6 theme intravenous 1184:1194 arg1 injections 1196:1205 twice intravenous injections 1178:1205 twice intravenous injections 1178:1205 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 6 7 theme DOX 889:891 arg1 accumulation 893:904 DOX accumulation 889:904 DOX accumulation in tumor tissue 889:920 After peritumoral injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice, the hydrogel could greatly increase DOX accumulation in tumor tissue and synchronously avoid DOX accumulation in normal tissues including heart. 28739501 4 8 theme injectable 612:621 arg1 properties 642:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 The hydrogel had good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties. 28739501 5 9 theme hydrogel 786:793 arg1 dissociation 766:777 the dissociation 762:777 the dissociation of the hydrogel 762:793 In vitro release experiment confirmed that the hydrogel could sustainedly release DOX/GC-PF127 micelles via the dissociation of the hydrogel. 28739501 4 10 theme recovery 633:640 arg1 properties 642:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 The hydrogel had good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties. 28739501 0 11 theme tumor 120:124 arg1 chemotherapy 126:137 local tumor chemotherapy 114:137 local tumor chemotherapy 114:137 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel releasing doxorubicin loaded micelles with pH-sensitivity for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 1 12 used used 307:310 arg2 GC-PF127 196:203 GC-PF127 196:203 GC-PF127 196:203 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 1 12 used used 307:310 arg2 conjugate 185:193 glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate 155:193 glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127) 155:204 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 5 13 theme In 654:655 arg1 experiment 671:680 In vitro release experiment 654:680 In vitro release experiment 654:680 In vitro release experiment confirmed that the hydrogel could sustainedly release DOX/GC-PF127 micelles via the dissociation of the hydrogel. 28739501 8 14 theme tumor-targeting 1416:1430 arg1 function 1432:1439 tumor-targeting function 1416:1439 tumor-targeting function 1416:1439 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 4 15 theme rapid 627:631 arg1 properties 642:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 The hydrogel had good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties. 28739501 7 16 theme group 1239:1243 arg1 tumors 1216:1221 the tumors 1212:1221 the tumors of the hydrogel group 1212:1243 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 6 17 theme normal 966:971 arg1 heart 991:995 heart 991:995 heart 991:995 After peritumoral injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice, the hydrogel could greatly increase DOX accumulation in tumor tissue and synchronously avoid DOX accumulation in normal tissues including heart. 28739501 6 17 theme normal 966:971 arg1 tissues 973:979 normal tissues 966:979 normal tissues including heart 966:995 After peritumoral injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice, the hydrogel could greatly increase DOX accumulation in tumor tissue and synchronously avoid DOX accumulation in normal tissues including heart. 28739501 5 18 theme release 663:669 arg1 experiment 671:680 In vitro release experiment 654:680 In vitro release experiment 654:680 In vitro release experiment confirmed that the hydrogel could sustainedly release DOX/GC-PF127 micelles via the dissociation of the hydrogel. 28739501 8 19 theme injectable 1327:1336 arg1 system 1457:1462 a promising system 1445:1462 a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy 1445:1491 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 8 19 theme injectable 1327:1336 arg1 hydrogel 1351:1358 injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel 1327:1358 injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel 1327:1358 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 8 20 theme DOX/GC-PF127 1338:1349 arg1 system 1457:1462 a promising system 1445:1462 a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy 1445:1491 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 8 20 theme DOX/GC-PF127 1338:1349 arg1 hydrogel 1351:1358 injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel 1327:1358 injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel 1327:1358 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 7 21 theme DOX 1015:1017 arg1 dose 1019:1022 similar total DOX dose 1001:1022 similar total DOX dose administrated 1001:1036 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 0 22 theme Shear-responsive 0:15 arg1 hydrogel 43:50 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel 0:50 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel releasing doxorubicin 0:72 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel releasing doxorubicin loaded micelles with pH-sensitivity for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 2 23 theme optimal 396:402 arg1 conditions 404:413 optimal conditions 396:413 optimal conditions 396:413 The DOX/GC-PF127 micelles produced at optimal conditions had sizes of about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges. 28739501 0 24 theme injectable 17:26 arg1 hydrogel 43:50 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel 0:50 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel releasing doxorubicin 0:72 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel releasing doxorubicin loaded micelles with pH-sensitivity for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 3 25 theme micelle 554:560 arg1 solution 562:569 DOX/GC-PF127 micelle solution 541:569 DOX/GC-PF127 micelle solution 541:569 DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel formed after addition of α-cyclodextrin into DOX/GC-PF127 micelle solution. 28739501 7 26 theme micelle 1145:1151 arg1 group 1153:1157 the micelle group 1141:1157 the micelle group 1141:1157 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 2 27 theme pH-sensitive 444:455 arg1 charges 465:471 about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges 428:471 about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges 428:471 The DOX/GC-PF127 micelles produced at optimal conditions had sizes of about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges. 28739501 4 28 theme good 589:592 arg1 properties 642:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 The hydrogel had good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties. 28739501 7 29 theme group 1153:1157 arg1 tumors 1131:1136 the tumors 1127:1136 the tumors of the micelle group 1127:1157 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 7 30 theme similar 1001:1007 arg1 dose 1019:1022 similar total DOX dose 1001:1022 similar total DOX dose administrated 1001:1036 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 8 31 theme promising 1447:1455 arg1 system 1457:1462 a promising system 1445:1462 a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy 1445:1491 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 8 31 theme promising 1447:1455 arg1 hydrogel 1351:1358 injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel 1327:1358 injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel 1327:1358 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 7 32 theme total 1009:1013 arg1 dose 1019:1022 similar total DOX dose 1001:1022 similar total DOX dose administrated 1001:1036 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 4 33 contain had 585:587 arg1 hydrogel 576:583 The hydrogel 572:583 The hydrogel 572:583 The hydrogel had good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties. 28739501 4 33 contain had 585:587 arg2 properties 642:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 The hydrogel had good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties. 28739501 3 34 theme DOX/GC-PF127 474:485 arg1 hydrogel 487:494 DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel 474:494 DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel 474:494 DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel formed after addition of α-cyclodextrin into DOX/GC-PF127 micelle solution. 28739501 2 35 theme 150nm 434:438 arg1 charges 465:471 about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges 428:471 about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges 428:471 The DOX/GC-PF127 micelles produced at optimal conditions had sizes of about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges. 28739501 6 36 theme DOX 946:948 arg1 accumulation 950:961 DOX accumulation 946:961 DOX accumulation 946:961 After peritumoral injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice, the hydrogel could greatly increase DOX accumulation in tumor tissue and synchronously avoid DOX accumulation in normal tissues including heart. 28739501 3 37 theme DOX/GC-PF127 541:552 arg1 micelle 554:560 micelle 554:560 micelle 554:560 DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel formed after addition of α-cyclodextrin into DOX/GC-PF127 micelle solution. 28739501 4 38 theme shear-responsive 594:609 arg1 properties 642:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties 589:651 The hydrogel had good shear-responsive, injectable and rapid recovery properties. 28739501 7 39 theme hydrogel 1230:1237 arg1 group 1239:1243 the hydrogel group 1226:1243 the hydrogel group 1226:1243 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 1 40 theme amidation 222:230 arg1 reaction 232:239 an amidation reaction 219:239 an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC) 219:300 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 6 41 from accumulation 893:904 arg1 tissue 915:920 tumor tissue 909:920 tumor tissue 909:920 After peritumoral injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice, the hydrogel could greatly increase DOX accumulation in tumor tissue and synchronously avoid DOX accumulation in normal tissues including heart. 28739501 8 42 theme tumor 1474:1478 arg1 chemotherapy 1480:1491 local tumor chemotherapy 1468:1491 local tumor chemotherapy 1468:1491 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 6 43 theme tumor-bearing 833:845 arg1 mice 847:850 H22 tumor-bearing mice 829:850 H22 tumor-bearing mice 829:850 After peritumoral injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice, the hydrogel could greatly increase DOX accumulation in tumor tissue and synchronously avoid DOX accumulation in normal tissues including heart. 28739501 7 44 theme DOX 1058:1060 arg1 group 1072:1076 free DOX treatment group 1053:1076 free DOX treatment group 1053:1076 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 6 45 theme H22 829:831 arg1 mice 847:850 H22 tumor-bearing mice 829:850 H22 tumor-bearing mice 829:850 After peritumoral injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice, the hydrogel could greatly increase DOX accumulation in tumor tissue and synchronously avoid DOX accumulation in normal tissues including heart. 28739501 8 46 theme DOX-loaded 1391:1400 arg1 micelles 1402:1409 DOX-loaded micelles 1391:1409 DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function 1391:1439 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 2 47 theme charges 465:471 arg1 sizes 419:423 sizes 419:423 sizes of about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges 419:471 The DOX/GC-PF127 micelles produced at optimal conditions had sizes of about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges. 28739501 1 48 theme doxorubicin 323:333 arg1 micelles 348:355 doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles 323:355 doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles 323:355 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 5 49 theme DOX/GC-PF127 736:747 arg1 micelles 749:756 DOX/GC-PF127 micelles 736:756 DOX/GC-PF127 micelles 736:756 In vitro release experiment confirmed that the hydrogel could sustainedly release DOX/GC-PF127 micelles via the dissociation of the hydrogel. 28739501 2 50 contain had 415:417 arg2 sizes 419:423 sizes 419:423 sizes of about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges 419:471 The DOX/GC-PF127 micelles produced at optimal conditions had sizes of about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges. 28739501 2 50 contain had 415:417 arg1 micelles 375:382 The DOX/GC-PF127 micelles 358:382 The DOX/GC-PF127 micelles produced at optimal conditions 358:413 The DOX/GC-PF127 micelles produced at optimal conditions had sizes of about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges. 28739501 1 51 theme F127 180:183 arg1 GC-PF127 196:203 GC-PF127 196:203 GC-PF127 196:203 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 1 51 theme F127 180:183 arg1 conjugate 185:193 glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate 155:193 glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127) 155:204 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 7 52 theme group 1072:1076 arg1 tumors 1043:1048 the tumors 1039:1048 the tumors of free DOX treatment group 1039:1076 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 5 53 dep In 654:655 arg1 vitro 657:661 vitro 657:661 vitro 657:661 In vitro release experiment confirmed that the hydrogel could sustainedly release DOX/GC-PF127 micelles via the dissociation of the hydrogel. 28739501 7 54 theme thrice 1096:1101 arg1 injections 1115:1124 thrice intravenous injections 1096:1124 thrice intravenous injections 1096:1124 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 6 55 theme tumor 909:913 arg1 tissue 915:920 tumor tissue 909:920 tumor tissue 909:920 After peritumoral injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice, the hydrogel could greatly increase DOX accumulation in tumor tissue and synchronously avoid DOX accumulation in normal tissues including heart. 28739501 8 56 theme local 1468:1472 arg1 chemotherapy 1480:1491 local tumor chemotherapy 1468:1491 local tumor chemotherapy 1468:1491 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 7 57 theme intravenous 1103:1113 arg1 injections 1115:1124 thrice intravenous injections 1096:1124 thrice intravenous injections 1096:1124 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 8 58 with micelles 1402:1409 arg1 function 1432:1439 tumor-targeting function 1416:1439 tumor-targeting function 1416:1439 This study demonstrates that injectable DOX/GC-PF127 hydrogel, which can sustainedly release DOX-loaded micelles with tumor-targeting function, is a promising system for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 6 59 theme peritumoral 802:812 arg1 injection 814:822 peritumoral injection 802:822 peritumoral injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice 802:850 After peritumoral injection into H22 tumor-bearing mice, the hydrogel could greatly increase DOX accumulation in tumor tissue and synchronously avoid DOX accumulation in normal tissues including heart. 28739501 1 60 theme glycol 155:160 arg1 GC-PF127 196:203 GC-PF127 196:203 GC-PF127 196:203 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 1 60 theme glycol 155:160 arg1 conjugate 185:193 glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate 155:193 glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127) 155:204 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 1 61 theme terminal-carboxylated 249:269 arg1 PF127 271:275 terminal-carboxylated PF127 249:275 terminal-carboxylated PF127 249:275 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 7 62 theme treatment 1062:1070 arg1 group 1072:1076 free DOX treatment group 1053:1076 free DOX treatment group 1053:1076 At similar total DOX dose administrated, the tumors of free DOX treatment group grew slowly after thrice intravenous injections, the tumors of the micelle group did not grow after twice intravenous injections, and the tumors of the hydrogel group disappeared almost after once peritumoral injection. 28739501 1 63 theme chitosan-Pluronic 162:178 arg1 GC-PF127 196:203 GC-PF127 196:203 GC-PF127 196:203 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 1 63 theme chitosan-Pluronic 162:178 arg1 conjugate 185:193 glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate 155:193 glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127) 155:204 In this study, glycol chitosan-Pluronic F127 conjugate (GC-PF127), produced by an amidation reaction between terminal-carboxylated PF127 and glycol chitosan (GC), was used to prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles. 28739501 0 64 theme supramolecular 28:41 arg1 hydrogel 43:50 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel 0:50 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel releasing doxorubicin 0:72 Shear-responsive injectable supramolecular hydrogel releasing doxorubicin loaded micelles with pH-sensitivity for local tumor chemotherapy. 28739501 2 65 theme surface 457:463 arg1 charges 465:471 about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges 428:471 about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges 428:471 The DOX/GC-PF127 micelles produced at optimal conditions had sizes of about 150nm and pH-sensitive surface charges. 24525050 1 0 theme cancer 327:332 arg1 cells 334:338 cancer cells 327:338 cancer cells 327:338 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 4 1 theme pH 823:824 arg1 value 826:830 lower pH value 817:830 lower pH value 817:830 Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. 24525050 1 2 theme silica 151:156 arg1 carriers 304:311 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers 244:311 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells 244:338 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 2 theme silica 151:156 arg1 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) 176:207 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 2 theme silica 151:156 arg1 nanoparticles 158:170 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 140:170 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 140:170 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 7 3 theme cells 1335:1339 arg1 functionalities 1246:1260 the functionalities 1242:1260 the functionalities 1242:1260 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 7 4 theme drug 1202:1205 arg1 carrier 1207:1213 the demonstrated drug carrier 1185:1213 the demonstrated drug carrier 1185:1213 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 4 5 theme lower 817:821 arg1 value 826:830 lower pH value 817:830 lower pH value 817:830 Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. 24525050 4 6 located observed 805:812 arg2 release 793:799 DOX release 789:799 DOX release 789:799 Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. 24525050 4 6 located observed 805:812 arg2 amount 779:784 an increased amount 766:784 an increased amount of DOX release 766:799 Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. 24525050 4 6 located observed 805:812 arg1 value 826:830 lower pH value 817:830 lower pH value 817:830 Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. 24525050 6 7 theme fluorescence 1142:1153 arg1 images 1155:1160 fluorescence images 1142:1160 fluorescence images 1142:1160 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier was investigated through SERS mapping while the distribution of DOX was monitored by fluorescence images. 24525050 3 8 theme pH 742:743 arg1 value 745:749 the ambient pH value 730:749 the ambient pH value 730:749 Our experimental results show that doxorubicin (DOX) was effectively encapsulated into the nanocarriers and can be released in response to the ambient pH value. 24525050 7 9 theme drug 1405:1408 arg1 nanosystems 1419:1429 the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems 1385:1429 the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems 1385:1429 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 6 10 theme SERS 1082:1085 arg1 mapping 1087:1093 SERS mapping 1082:1093 SERS mapping 1082:1093 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier was investigated through SERS mapping while the distribution of DOX was monitored by fluorescence images. 24525050 1 11 theme enhanced 256:263 arg1 SERS 283:286 SERS 283:286 SERS 283:286 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 11 theme enhanced 256:263 arg1 scattering 271:280 the surface enhanced Raman scattering 244:280 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells 244:338 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 2 12 theme SERS 502:505 arg1 signals 507:513 strong SERS signals 495:513 strong SERS signals 495:513 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 2 13 theme Ag 561:562 arg1 nanoparticles 564:576 the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles 536:576 the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core 536:588 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 2 14 theme pH-sensitive 345:356 arg1 characteristics 368:382 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics 341:382 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics 341:382 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 1 15 theme Raman 265:269 arg1 SERS 283:286 SERS 283:286 SERS 283:286 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 15 theme Raman 265:269 arg1 scattering 271:280 the surface enhanced Raman scattering 244:280 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells 244:338 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 2 16 theme strong 495:500 arg1 signals 507:513 strong SERS signals 495:513 strong SERS signals 495:513 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 5 17 theme composite 850:858 arg1 nanoparticles 860:872 the composite nanoparticles 846:872 the composite nanoparticles 846:872 In addition, the composite nanoparticles were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) to target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells. 24525050 7 18 theme pH-responsive 1265:1277 arg1 release 1284:1290 pH-responsive drug release 1265:1290 pH-responsive drug release 1265:1290 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 5 19 theme target 915:920 arg1 TfR 944:946 TfR 944:946 TfR 944:946 In addition, the composite nanoparticles were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) to target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells. 24525050 5 19 theme target 915:920 arg1 receptor 934:941 target transferrin receptor 915:941 target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells 915:974 In addition, the composite nanoparticles were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) to target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells. 24525050 6 20 theme intracellular 1014:1026 arg1 location 1028:1035 the intracellular location 1010:1035 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier 977:1055 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier was investigated through SERS mapping while the distribution of DOX was monitored by fluorescence images. 24525050 4 21 theme release 793:799 arg1 amount 779:784 an increased amount 766:784 an increased amount of DOX release 766:799 Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. 24525050 4 21 theme release 793:799 arg1 release 793:799 DOX release 789:799 DOX release 789:799 Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. 24525050 2 22 theme chitosan/poly 445:457 arg1 layer 436:440 a layer 434:440 a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA) 434:486 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 7 23 theme SERS-traceable 1293:1306 arg1 characteristics 1308:1322 SERS-traceable characteristics 1293:1322 SERS-traceable characteristics 1293:1322 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 0 24 theme drug 16:19 arg1 carrier 21:27 pH-controllable drug carrier 0:27 pH-controllable drug carrier with SERS activity for targeting cancer cells 0:73 pH-controllable drug carrier with SERS activity for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 2 25 from nanoparticles 564:576 arg1 core 585:588 the core 581:588 the core 581:588 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 7 26 theme pH-controllable 1389:1403 arg1 nanosystems 1419:1429 the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems 1385:1429 the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems 1385:1429 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 7 27 theme drug 1279:1282 arg1 release 1284:1290 pH-responsive drug release 1265:1290 pH-responsive drug release 1265:1290 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 0 28 theme pH-controllable 0:14 arg1 carrier 21:27 pH-controllable drug carrier 0:27 pH-controllable drug carrier with SERS activity for targeting cancer cells 0:73 pH-controllable drug carrier with SERS activity for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 29 theme scattering 271:280 arg1 carriers 304:311 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers 244:311 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells 244:338 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 29 theme scattering 271:280 arg1 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) 176:207 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 29 theme scattering 271:280 arg1 nanoparticles 158:170 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 140:170 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 140:170 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 7 30 contain has 1358:1360 arg1 functionalities 1246:1260 the functionalities 1242:1260 the functionalities 1242:1260 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 7 30 contain has 1358:1360 arg2 potential 1371:1379 a unique potential 1362:1379 a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems 1362:1429 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 1 31 theme methacrylic 191:201 arg1 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) 176:207 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 31 theme methacrylic 191:201 arg1 acid 203:206 methacrylic acid 191:206 methacrylic acid 191:206 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 32 theme pH-controllable 86:100 arg1 carrier 107:113 pH-controllable drug carrier 86:113 pH-controllable drug carrier 86:113 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 6 33 theme carrier 1049:1055 arg1 ability 991:997 The targeting ability 977:997 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier 977:1055 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier was investigated through SERS mapping while the distribution of DOX was monitored by fluorescence images. 24525050 6 33 theme carrier 1049:1055 arg1 location 1028:1035 the intracellular location 1010:1035 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier 977:1055 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier was investigated through SERS mapping while the distribution of DOX was monitored by fluorescence images. 24525050 1 34 theme drug 102:105 arg1 carrier 107:113 pH-controllable drug carrier 86:113 pH-controllable drug carrier 86:113 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 7 35 theme demonstrated 1189:1200 arg1 carrier 1207:1213 the demonstrated drug carrier 1185:1213 the demonstrated drug carrier 1185:1213 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 5 36 theme -overexpressed 948:961 arg1 cells 970:974 target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells 915:974 target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells 915:974 In addition, the composite nanoparticles were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) to target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells. 24525050 7 37 theme release 1284:1290 arg1 functionalities 1246:1260 the functionalities 1242:1260 the functionalities 1242:1260 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 6 38 theme targeting 981:989 arg1 ability 991:997 The targeting ability 977:997 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier 977:1055 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier was investigated through SERS mapping while the distribution of DOX was monitored by fluorescence images. 24525050 0 39 theme SERS 34:37 arg1 activity 39:46 SERS activity 34:46 SERS activity 34:46 pH-controllable drug carrier with SERS activity for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 40 theme traceable 289:297 arg1 carriers 304:311 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers 244:311 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells 244:338 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 40 theme traceable 289:297 arg1 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) 176:207 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 40 theme traceable 289:297 arg1 nanoparticles 158:170 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 140:170 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 140:170 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 4 41 theme increased 769:777 arg1 amount 779:784 an increased amount 766:784 an increased amount of DOX release 766:799 Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. 24525050 4 41 theme increased 769:777 arg1 release 793:799 DOX release 789:799 DOX release 789:799 Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. 24525050 2 42 theme methacrylic 460:470 arg1 chitosan/poly 445:457 chitosan/poly 445:457 chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA) 445:486 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 2 42 theme methacrylic 460:470 arg1 acid 472:475 methacrylic acid 460:475 methacrylic acid 460:475 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 1 43 theme drug 299:302 arg1 carriers 304:311 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers 244:311 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells 244:338 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 43 theme drug 299:302 arg1 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) 176:207 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 43 theme drug 299:302 arg1 nanoparticles 158:170 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 140:170 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 140:170 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 2 44 theme tagged 554:559 arg1 nanoparticles 564:576 the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles 536:576 the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core 536:588 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 4 45 theme DOX 789:791 arg1 release 793:799 DOX release 789:799 DOX release 789:799 Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. 24525050 0 46 with carrier 21:27 arg1 activity 39:46 SERS activity 34:46 SERS activity 34:46 pH-controllable drug carrier with SERS activity for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 47 theme carrier 107:113 arg1 type 78:81 A type 76:81 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier 76:113 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 6 48 theme DOX 1121:1123 arg1 distribution 1105:1116 the distribution 1101:1116 the distribution of DOX 1101:1123 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier was investigated through SERS mapping while the distribution of DOX was monitored by fluorescence images. 24525050 2 49 theme reporter 545:552 arg1 nanoparticles 564:576 the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles 536:576 the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core 536:588 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 1 50 dep enhanced 256:263 arg1 surface 248:254 surface 248:254 surface 248:254 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 3 51 theme ambient 734:740 arg1 value 745:749 the ambient pH value 730:749 the ambient pH value 730:749 Our experimental results show that doxorubicin (DOX) was effectively encapsulated into the nanocarriers and can be released in response to the ambient pH value. 24525050 2 52 theme SERS 540:543 arg1 nanoparticles 564:576 the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles 536:576 the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core 536:588 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 7 53 theme cancer 1328:1333 arg1 cells 1335:1339 cancer cells 1328:1339 cancer cells 1328:1339 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 5 54 theme receptor 934:941 arg1 cells 970:974 target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells 915:974 target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells 915:974 In addition, the composite nanoparticles were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) to target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells. 24525050 5 55 theme cancer 963:968 arg1 cells 970:974 target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells 915:974 target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells 915:974 In addition, the composite nanoparticles were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) to target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells. 24525050 7 56 theme unique 1364:1369 arg1 potential 1371:1379 a unique potential 1362:1379 a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems 1362:1429 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 5 57 theme transferrin 922:932 arg1 TfR 944:946 TfR 944:946 TfR 944:946 In addition, the composite nanoparticles were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) to target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells. 24525050 5 57 theme transferrin 922:932 arg1 receptor 934:941 target transferrin receptor 915:941 target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells 915:974 In addition, the composite nanoparticles were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) to target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells. 24525050 3 58 theme experimental 595:606 arg1 results 608:614 Our experimental results 591:614 Our experimental results 591:614 Our experimental results show that doxorubicin (DOX) was effectively encapsulated into the nanocarriers and can be released in response to the ambient pH value. 24525050 2 59 theme releasing 358:366 arg1 characteristics 368:382 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics 341:382 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics 341:382 The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. 24525050 7 60 theme delivery 1410:1417 arg1 nanosystems 1419:1429 the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems 1385:1429 the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems 1385:1429 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 7 61 theme characteristics 1308:1322 arg1 functionalities 1246:1260 the functionalities 1242:1260 the functionalities 1242:1260 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 6 62 theme drug 1044:1047 arg1 carrier 1049:1055 the drug carrier 1040:1055 the drug carrier 1040:1055 The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier was investigated through SERS mapping while the distribution of DOX was monitored by fluorescence images. 24525050 0 63 theme cancer 62:67 arg1 cells 69:73 cancer cells 62:73 cancer cells 62:73 pH-controllable drug carrier with SERS activity for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 7 64 dep release 1284:1290 arg1 targeting 1341:1349 targeting 1341:1349 targeting 1341:1349 The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems. 24525050 1 65 theme mesoporous 140:149 arg1 carriers 304:311 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers 244:311 the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells 244:338 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 65 theme mesoporous 140:149 arg1 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly 176:188 chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) 176:207 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 24525050 1 65 theme mesoporous 140:149 arg1 nanoparticles 158:170 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 140:170 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 140:170 A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. 28191588 3 0 theme ammonium 461:468 arg1 ions 480:483 ammonium or sodium ions 461:483 ions 480:483 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 5 1 theme 35 °C. 728:733 arg1 Up 735:736 35 °C. Up 728:736 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid 728:764 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 1 2 with oxidation 132:140 arg1 conversion 228:237 microbial conversion 218:237 microbial conversion of D-galacturonate 218:256 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 2 with oxidation 132:140 arg1 acid 167:170 nitric acid 160:170 nitric acid 160:170 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 2 with oxidation 132:140 arg1 oxidation 186:194 electrolytic oxidation 173:194 electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate 173:213 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 3 3 from soluble 494:500 arg1 presence 509:516 the presence 505:516 the presence of potassium ions 505:534 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 6 4 theme fermentations 985:997 arg1 broth 971:975 the broth 967:975 the broth of some fermentations 967:997 Crystals of galactaric acid were observed to form in the broth of some fermentations. 28191588 1 5 theme D-galacturonate 242:256 arg1 conversion 228:237 microbial conversion 218:237 microbial conversion of D-galacturonate 218:256 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 5 theme D-galacturonate 242:256 arg1 acid 167:170 nitric acid 160:170 nitric acid 160:170 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 5 theme D-galacturonate 242:256 arg1 oxidation 186:194 electrolytic oxidation 173:194 electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate 173:213 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 6 theme mucic 60:64 arg1 acid 67:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid 48:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid 48:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 6 theme mucic 60:64 arg1 diacid 100:105 a symmetrical six carbon diacid 75:105 a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate 75:256 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 5 7 theme fed-batch 809:817 arg1 sources 905:911 nitrogen sources 896:911 nitrogen sources 896:911 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 5 7 theme fed-batch 809:817 arg1 strategy 819:826 a fed-batch strategy 807:826 a fed-batch strategy with lactose 807:839 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 5 8 theme galactaric 750:759 arg1 acid 761:764 20 g L-1 galactaric acid 741:764 20 g L-1 galactaric acid 741:764 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 2 9 theme microbial 369:377 arg1 host 379:382 a microbial host 367:382 a microbial host 367:382 Both salts and the free acid of galactarate have relatively low solubility, which may create challenges for a microbial host. 28191588 3 10 theme Galactaric 385:394 arg1 acid 396:399 Galactaric acid 385:399 Galactaric acid 385:399 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 6 11 located observed 947:954 arg1 broth 971:975 the broth 967:975 the broth of some fermentations 967:997 Crystals of galactaric acid were observed to form in the broth of some fermentations. 28191588 6 11 located observed 947:954 arg2 Crystals 914:921 Crystals 914:921 Crystals of galactaric acid 914:940 Crystals of galactaric acid were observed to form in the broth of some fermentations. 28191588 1 12 theme galactose 145:153 arg1 oxidation 132:140 oxidation 132:140 oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate 132:256 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 0 13 theme fungal 10:15 arg1 production 17:26 fungal production 10:26 fungal production of galactaric acid 10:45 Enhancing fungal production of galactaric acid. 28191588 5 14 theme galactaric 601:610 arg1 acid 612:615 galactaric acid 601:615 galactaric acid 601:615 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 2 15 theme galactarate 291:301 arg1 acid 283:286 the free acid 274:286 the free acid of galactarate 274:301 Both salts and the free acid of galactarate have relatively low solubility, which may create challenges for a microbial host. 28191588 2 15 theme galactarate 291:301 arg1 salts 264:268 salts 264:268 salts 264:268 Both salts and the free acid of galactarate have relatively low solubility, which may create challenges for a microbial host. 28191588 6 16 theme acid 937:940 arg1 Crystals 914:921 Crystals 914:921 Crystals of galactaric acid 914:940 Crystals of galactaric acid were observed to form in the broth of some fermentations. 28191588 5 17 theme acid 612:615 arg1 Production 587:596 Production 587:596 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 587:646 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 3 18 from presence 449:456 arg1 soluble 410:416 soluble 410:416 soluble 410:416 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 3 19 theme potassium 521:529 arg1 ions 531:534 potassium ions 521:534 potassium ions 521:534 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 1 20 theme nitric 160:165 arg1 acid 167:170 nitric acid 160:170 nitric acid 160:170 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 6 21 theme galactaric 926:935 arg1 acid 937:940 galactaric acid 926:940 galactaric acid 926:940 Crystals of galactaric acid were observed to form in the broth of some fermentations. 28191588 1 22 theme symmetrical 77:87 arg1 acid 67:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid 48:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid 48:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 22 theme symmetrical 77:87 arg1 diacid 100:105 a symmetrical six carbon diacid 75:105 a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate 75:256 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 5 23 theme nitrogen 896:903 arg1 sources 905:911 nitrogen sources 896:911 nitrogen sources 896:911 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 5 23 theme nitrogen 896:903 arg1 strategy 819:826 a fed-batch strategy 807:826 a fed-batch strategy with lactose 807:839 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 2 24 theme free 278:281 arg1 acid 283:286 the free acid 274:286 the free acid of galactarate 274:301 Both salts and the free acid of galactarate have relatively low solubility, which may create challenges for a microbial host. 28191588 5 25 theme Trichoderma 620:630 arg1 reesei 632:637 Trichoderma reesei D-161646 620:646 Trichoderma reesei D-161646 620:646 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 0 26 theme acid 42:45 arg1 production 17:26 fungal production 10:26 fungal production of galactaric acid 10:45 Enhancing fungal production of galactaric acid. 28191588 1 27 theme electrolytic 173:184 arg1 oxidation 186:194 electrolytic oxidation 173:194 electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate 173:213 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 3 28 theme pH 421:422 arg1 values 424:429 pH values 421:429 pH values around 4.7 421:440 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 0 29 theme galactaric 31:40 arg1 acid 42:45 galactaric acid 31:45 galactaric acid 31:45 Enhancing fungal production of galactaric acid. 28191588 5 30 theme medium 685:690 arg1 composition 692:702 medium composition 685:702 medium composition 685:702 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 3 31 theme ions 531:534 arg1 presence 509:516 the presence 505:516 the presence of potassium ions 505:534 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 3 32 from values 424:429 arg1 soluble 410:416 soluble 410:416 soluble 410:416 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 1 33 theme carbon 93:98 arg1 acid 67:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid 48:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid 48:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 33 theme carbon 93:98 arg1 diacid 100:105 a symmetrical six carbon diacid 75:105 a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate 75:256 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 5 34 theme 20 g L-1 741:748 arg1 acid 761:764 20 g L-1 galactaric acid 741:764 20 g L-1 galactaric acid 741:764 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 2 35 theme low 319:321 arg1 solubility 323:332 relatively low solubility 308:332 relatively low solubility 308:332 Both salts and the free acid of galactarate have relatively low solubility, which may create challenges for a microbial host. 28191588 5 36 theme yeast 879:883 arg1 extract 885:891 yeast extract 879:891 yeast extract 879:891 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 3 37 from presence 509:516 arg1 soluble 494:500 soluble 494:500 soluble 494:500 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 5 38 with strategy 819:826 arg1 lactose 833:839 lactose 833:839 lactose 833:839 Production of galactaric acid by Trichoderma reesei D-161646 was dependent on temperature, pH and medium composition, being best at pH 4 and 35 °C. Up to 20 g L-1 galactaric acid were produced from D-galacturonate using a fed-batch strategy with lactose as co-substrate and both ammonium and yeast extract as nitrogen sources. 28191588 1 39 theme D-galacturonate 199:213 arg1 conversion 228:237 microbial conversion 218:237 microbial conversion of D-galacturonate 218:256 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 39 theme D-galacturonate 199:213 arg1 acid 167:170 nitric acid 160:170 nitric acid 160:170 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 39 theme D-galacturonate 199:213 arg1 oxidation 186:194 electrolytic oxidation 173:194 electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate 173:213 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 3 40 theme sodium 473:478 arg1 ions 480:483 ammonium or sodium ions 461:483 ions 480:483 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 2 41 contain have 303:306 arg1 acid 283:286 the free acid 274:286 the free acid of galactarate 274:301 Both salts and the free acid of galactarate have relatively low solubility, which may create challenges for a microbial host. 28191588 2 41 contain have 303:306 arg2 solubility 323:332 relatively low solubility 308:332 relatively low solubility 308:332 Both salts and the free acid of galactarate have relatively low solubility, which may create challenges for a microbial host. 28191588 2 41 contain have 303:306 arg1 salts 264:268 salts 264:268 salts 264:268 Both salts and the free acid of galactarate have relatively low solubility, which may create challenges for a microbial host. 28191588 1 42 theme Galactaric 48:57 arg1 acid 67:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid 48:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid 48:70 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 1 42 theme Galactaric 48:57 arg1 diacid 100:105 a symmetrical six carbon diacid 75:105 a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate 75:256 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 28191588 3 43 from soluble 410:416 arg1 presence 449:456 the presence 445:456 the presence of ammonium or sodium ions 445:483 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 3 44 theme ions 480:483 arg1 presence 449:456 the presence 445:456 the presence of ammonium or sodium ions 445:483 Galactaric acid was most soluble at pH values around 4.7 in the presence of ammonium or sodium ions and less soluble in the presence of potassium ions. 28191588 1 45 theme microbial 218:226 arg1 conversion 228:237 microbial conversion 218:237 microbial conversion of D-galacturonate 218:256 Galactaric (mucic) acid is a symmetrical six carbon diacid which can be produced by oxidation of galactose with nitric acid, electrolytic oxidation of D-galacturonate or microbial conversion of D-galacturonate. 27100140 7 0 dep solids 921:926 arg1 compared 957:964 compared 957:964 compared to control fruits 957:982 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 8 1 theme fruit 1072:1076 arg1 PPO 1053:1055 PPO 1053:1055 PPO 1053:1055 The coating either delayed or reduced the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit. 27100140 8 1 theme fruit 1072:1076 arg1 POD 1048:1050 POD 1048:1050 POD 1048:1050 The coating either delayed or reduced the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit. 27100140 8 1 theme fruit 1072:1076 arg1 PME 1061:1063 PME 1061:1063 PME 1061:1063 The coating either delayed or reduced the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit. 27100140 7 2 theme control 969:975 arg1 fruits 977:982 control fruits 969:982 control fruits 969:982 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 4 3 theme palm 298:301 arg1 PO 308:309 PO 308:309 PO 308:309 An edible coating made up of methyl cellulose (MC) and palm oil (PO) was applied to study the extension in shelf-life. 27100140 4 3 theme palm 298:301 arg1 oil 303:305 palm oil 298:305 palm oil (PO) 298:310 An edible coating made up of methyl cellulose (MC) and palm oil (PO) was applied to study the extension in shelf-life. 27100140 9 4 theme edible 1115:1120 arg1 coating 1122:1128 edible coating 1115:1128 edible coating made up of MC-PO 1115:1145 CONCLUSION The results suggest that edible coating made up of MC-PO has potential to maintain the quality of sapota fruit. 27100140 6 5 dep significant 634:644 arg1 < 649:649 P < 0.05 647:654 P < 0.05 647:654 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 5 6 theme physical 373:380 arg1 properties 395:404 physical and chemical properties 373:404 physical and chemical properties of fruit 373:413 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 7 7 theme content 870:876 arg1 loss 847:850 the loss 843:850 the loss of total phenolic content 843:876 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 10 8 theme fruit 1255:1259 arg1 shelf-life 1234:1243 the shelf-life 1230:1243 the shelf-life of sapota fruit 1230:1259 The edible coating extended the shelf-life of sapota fruit by 3 days preserving fruit quality up to 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH. 27100140 7 9 theme ascorbic 820:827 arg1 acid 829:832 ascorbic acid 820:832 ascorbic acid 820:832 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 9 10 dep CONCLUSION 1079:1088 arg1 suggest 1102:1108 suggest 1102:1108 suggest that edible coating made up of MC-PO has potential to maintain the quality of sapota fruit 1102:1199 CONCLUSION The results suggest that edible coating made up of MC-PO has potential to maintain the quality of sapota fruit. 27100140 6 11 from darkening 751:759 arg1 losses 720:725 fruit firmness losses 705:725 fruit firmness losses 705:725 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 10 12 theme sapota 1248:1253 arg1 fruit 1255:1259 sapota fruit 1248:1259 sapota fruit 1248:1259 The edible coating extended the shelf-life of sapota fruit by 3 days preserving fruit quality up to 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH. 27100140 5 13 theme post-harvest 532:543 arg1 ripening 545:552 post-harvest ripening 532:552 post-harvest ripening of sapota 532:562 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 5 14 theme peroxidase 439:448 arg1 activities 514:523 peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities 439:523 peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities 439:523 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 10 15 dep days 1304:1307 arg1 up 1296:1297 up 1296:1297 up 1296:1297 The edible coating extended the shelf-life of sapota fruit by 3 days preserving fruit quality up to 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH. 27100140 6 16 theme L-1 620:622 arg1 PO 624:625 11.25 g L-1 PO 612:625 11.25 g L-1 PO 612:625 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 7 17 theme acid 829:832 arg1 retention 807:815 better retention 800:815 better retention of ascorbic acid 800:832 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 5 18 from Changes 362:368 arg1 properties 395:404 physical and chemical properties 373:404 physical and chemical properties of fruit 373:413 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 4 19 theme methyl 272:277 arg1 cellulose 279:287 methyl cellulose 272:287 methyl cellulose (MC) 272:292 An edible coating made up of methyl cellulose (MC) and palm oil (PO) was applied to study the extension in shelf-life. 27100140 4 19 theme methyl 272:277 arg1 MC 290:291 MC 290:291 MC 290:291 An edible coating made up of methyl cellulose (MC) and palm oil (PO) was applied to study the extension in shelf-life. 27100140 5 20 theme sapota 557:562 arg1 ripening 545:552 post-harvest ripening 532:552 post-harvest ripening of sapota 532:562 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 5 21 theme methylesterase 493:506 arg1 activities 514:523 peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities 439:523 peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities 439:523 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 4 22 from extension 337:345 arg1 shelf-life 350:359 shelf-life 350:359 shelf-life 350:359 An edible coating made up of methyl cellulose (MC) and palm oil (PO) was applied to study the extension in shelf-life. 27100140 6 23 theme 11.25 612:616 arg1 g 618:618 g 618:618 g 618:618 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 10 24 theme fruit 1282:1286 arg1 quality 1288:1294 fruit quality 1282:1294 fruit quality 1282:1294 The edible coating extended the shelf-life of sapota fruit by 3 days preserving fruit quality up to 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH. 27100140 2 25 theme limited 144:150 arg1 research 152:159 limited research 144:159 limited research 144:159 BACKGROUND There has been limited research on extending the shelf-life of sapota (Manilkara zapota L. var. 27100140 7 26 theme total 932:936 arg1 sugars 947:952 total reducing sugars 932:952 total reducing sugars 932:952 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 6 27 theme physiological 666:678 arg1 loss 687:690 physiological weight loss 666:690 physiological weight loss 666:690 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 1 28 theme composite 92:100 arg1 coating 109:115 composite edible coating 92:115 composite edible coating 92:115 Kalipatti with composite edible coating. 27100140 0 29 theme Delayed 0:6 arg1 post-harvest 8:19 Delayed post-harvest 0:19 Delayed post-harvest 0:19 Delayed post-harvest ripening-associated changes in Manilkara zapota L. var. 27100140 7 30 theme reducing 938:945 arg1 sugars 947:952 total reducing sugars 932:952 total reducing sugars 932:952 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 1 31 theme edible 102:107 arg1 coating 109:115 composite edible coating 92:115 composite edible coating 92:115 Kalipatti with composite edible coating. 27100140 9 32 contain has 1147:1149 arg1 coating 1122:1128 edible coating 1115:1128 edible coating made up of MC-PO 1115:1145 CONCLUSION The results suggest that edible coating made up of MC-PO has potential to maintain the quality of sapota fruit. 27100140 9 32 contain has 1147:1149 arg2 potential 1151:1159 potential 1151:1159 potential 1151:1159 CONCLUSION The results suggest that edible coating made up of MC-PO has potential to maintain the quality of sapota fruit. 27100140 6 33 from decrease 693:700 arg1 losses 720:725 fruit firmness losses 705:725 fruit firmness losses 705:725 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 8 34 theme POD 1048:1050 arg1 activities 1034:1043 the enzyme activities 1023:1043 the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit 1023:1076 The coating either delayed or reduced the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit. 27100140 7 35 theme better 800:805 arg1 retention 807:815 better retention 800:815 better retention of ascorbic acid 800:832 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 8 36 theme PPO 1053:1055 arg1 activities 1034:1043 the enzyme activities 1023:1043 the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit 1023:1076 The coating either delayed or reduced the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit. 27100140 6 37 theme L-1 601:603 arg1 MC 605:606 15 g L-1 MC 596:606 15 g L-1 MC 596:606 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 7 38 from coating 766:772 arg1 fruits 781:786 the fruits 777:786 the fruits 777:786 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 6 39 theme significant 634:644 arg1 delay 657:661 significant (P < 0.05) delay 634:661 significant (P < 0.05) delay 634:661 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 7 40 theme phenolic 861:868 arg1 content 870:876 total phenolic content 855:876 total phenolic content 855:876 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 6 41 theme fruit 745:749 arg1 darkening 751:759 slower fruit darkening 738:759 decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening 693:759 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 6 42 theme g 599:599 arg1 MC 605:606 15 g L-1 MC 596:606 15 g L-1 MC 596:606 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 1 43 with Kalipatti 77:85 arg1 coating 109:115 composite edible coating 92:115 composite edible coating 92:115 Kalipatti with composite edible coating. 27100140 6 44 theme g 618:618 arg1 PO 624:625 11.25 g L-1 PO 612:625 11.25 g L-1 PO 612:625 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 7 45 theme total 907:911 arg1 solids 921:926 total soluble solids 907:926 total soluble solids 907:926 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 6 46 theme slower 738:743 arg1 darkening 751:759 slower fruit darkening 738:759 decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening 693:759 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 6 47 theme 15 596:597 arg1 g 599:599 g 599:599 g 599:599 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 7 48 theme soluble 913:919 arg1 solids 921:926 total soluble solids 907:926 total soluble solids 907:926 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 9 49 theme fruit 1195:1199 arg1 quality 1177:1183 the quality 1173:1183 the quality of sapota fruit 1173:1199 CONCLUSION The results suggest that edible coating made up of MC-PO has potential to maintain the quality of sapota fruit. 27100140 8 50 theme PME 1061:1063 arg1 activities 1034:1043 the enzyme activities 1023:1043 the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit 1023:1076 The coating either delayed or reduced the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit. 27100140 2 51 dep BACKGROUND 118:127 arg1 research 152:159 limited research 144:159 limited research 144:159 BACKGROUND There has been limited research on extending the shelf-life of sapota (Manilkara zapota L. var. 27100140 10 52 from °C 1319:1320 arg1 days 1304:1307 7 days 1302:1307 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH 1302:1335 The edible coating extended the shelf-life of sapota fruit by 3 days preserving fruit quality up to 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH. 27100140 10 53 theme edible 1206:1211 arg1 coating 1213:1219 The edible coating 1202:1219 The edible coating 1202:1219 The edible coating extended the shelf-life of sapota fruit by 3 days preserving fruit quality up to 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH. 27100140 9 54 theme sapota 1188:1193 arg1 fruit 1195:1199 sapota fruit 1188:1199 sapota fruit 1188:1199 CONCLUSION The results suggest that edible coating made up of MC-PO has potential to maintain the quality of sapota fruit. 27100140 10 55 theme ± 1315:1315 arg1 °C 1319:1320 24 ± 1 °C 1312:1320 24 ± 1 °C 1312:1320 The edible coating extended the shelf-life of sapota fruit by 3 days preserving fruit quality up to 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH. 27100140 10 56 from % 1333:1333 arg1 days 1304:1307 7 days 1302:1307 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH 1302:1335 The edible coating extended the shelf-life of sapota fruit by 3 days preserving fruit quality up to 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH. 27100140 2 57 theme var 220:222 arg1 shelf-life 178:187 the shelf-life 174:187 the shelf-life of sapota (Manilkara zapota L. var 174:222 BACKGROUND There has been limited research on extending the shelf-life of sapota (Manilkara zapota L. var. 27100140 6 58 dep RESULTS 565:571 arg1 fruits 577:582 The fruits 573:582 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO 565:625 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 5 59 theme chemical 386:393 arg1 properties 395:404 physical and chemical properties 373:404 physical and chemical properties of fruit 373:413 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 7 60 theme total 855:859 arg1 content 870:876 total phenolic content 855:876 total phenolic content 855:876 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 6 61 theme weight 680:685 arg1 loss 687:690 physiological weight loss 666:690 physiological weight loss 666:690 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 5 62 theme pectin 486:491 arg1 PME 509:511 PME 509:511 PME 509:511 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 5 62 theme pectin 486:491 arg1 methylesterase 493:506 pectin methylesterase 486:506 pectin methylesterase (PME) 486:512 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 11 63 theme Chemical 1356:1363 arg1 Industry 1365:1372 Chemical Industry 1356:1372 Chemical Industry 1356:1372 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. 27100140 6 64 theme P 647:647 arg1 < 649:649 P < 0.05 647:654 P < 0.05 647:654 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 6 65 theme firmness 711:718 arg1 losses 720:725 fruit firmness losses 705:725 fruit firmness losses 705:725 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 8 66 theme enzyme 1027:1032 arg1 activities 1034:1043 the enzyme activities 1023:1043 the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit 1023:1076 The coating either delayed or reduced the enzyme activities of POD, PPO and PME of the fruit. 27100140 4 67 theme edible 246:251 arg1 coating 253:259 An edible coating 243:259 An edible coating made up of methyl cellulose (MC) and palm oil (PO) 243:310 An edible coating made up of methyl cellulose (MC) and palm oil (PO) was applied to study the extension in shelf-life. 27100140 10 68 theme ± 1329:1329 arg1 % 1333:1333 65 ± 5 %RH 1326:1335 65 ± 5 %RH 1326:1335 The edible coating extended the shelf-life of sapota fruit by 3 days preserving fruit quality up to 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5 %RH. 27100140 6 69 theme fruit 705:709 arg1 losses 720:725 fruit firmness losses 705:725 fruit firmness losses 705:725 RESULTS The fruits coated with 15 g L-1 MC and 11.25 g L-1 PO showed significant (P < 0.05) delay in physiological weight loss, decrease in fruit firmness losses as well as slower fruit darkening. 27100140 5 70 theme polyphenol 457:466 arg1 oxidase 468:474 polyphenol oxidase 457:474 polyphenol oxidase (PPO) 457:480 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 5 70 theme polyphenol 457:466 arg1 PPO 477:479 PPO 477:479 PPO 477:479 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 5 71 theme fruit 409:413 arg1 properties 395:404 physical and chemical properties 373:404 physical and chemical properties of fruit 373:413 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 27100140 7 72 from increase 895:902 arg1 sugars 947:952 total reducing sugars 932:952 total reducing sugars 932:952 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 7 72 from increase 895:902 arg1 solids 921:926 total soluble solids 907:926 total soluble solids 907:926 The coating on the fruits resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid, delayed the loss of total phenolic content, and delayed the increase in total soluble solids and total reducing sugars as compared to control fruits. 27100140 0 73 from changes 41:47 arg1 var 72:74 var 72:74 var 72:74 Delayed post-harvest ripening-associated changes in Manilkara zapota L. var. 27100140 5 74 theme oxidase 468:474 arg1 activities 514:523 peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities 439:523 peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities 439:523 Changes in physical and chemical properties of fruit were studied along with peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities during post-harvest ripening of sapota. 25028256 10 0 theme nutritional 1850:1860 arg1 importance 1862:1871 its nutritional importance 1846:1871 its nutritional importance 1846:1871 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 2 1 theme important 285:293 arg1 crop 302:305 an important legume crop 282:305 an important legume crop used in Pakistan 282:322 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 2 1 theme important 285:293 arg1 bean 274:277 Mash bean 269:277 Mash bean 269:277 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 6 2 theme fatty 1210:1214 arg1 acids 1216:1220 major fatty acids 1204:1220 major fatty acids in all cultivars 1204:1237 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 6 2 theme fatty 1210:1214 arg1 acids 1195:1199 unsaturated fatty acids 1177:1199 unsaturated fatty acids 1177:1199 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 10 3 theme amino 1705:1709 arg1 profile 1716:1722 a balanced amino acid profile 1694:1722 a balanced amino acid profile 1694:1722 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 5 4 from zinc 943:946 arg1 lowest 963:968 lowest 963:968 lowest 963:968 Mineral composition indicated potassium and zinc in highest and lowest amounts respectively, in all cultivars. 25028256 5 4 from zinc 943:946 arg1 highest 951:957 highest 951:957 highest 951:957 Mineral composition indicated potassium and zinc in highest and lowest amounts respectively, in all cultivars. 25028256 1 5 theme legume 219:224 arg1 seeds 226:230 legume seeds 219:230 legume seeds 219:230 BACKGROUND In recent years, the desire to adopt a healthy diet has drawn attention to legume seeds and food products derived from them. 25028256 5 6 from potassium 929:937 arg1 lowest 963:968 lowest 963:968 lowest 963:968 Mineral composition indicated potassium and zinc in highest and lowest amounts respectively, in all cultivars. 25028256 5 6 from potassium 929:937 arg1 highest 951:957 highest 951:957 highest 951:957 Mineral composition indicated potassium and zinc in highest and lowest amounts respectively, in all cultivars. 25028256 1 7 theme recent 147:152 arg1 years 154:158 recent years 147:158 recent years 147:158 BACKGROUND In recent years, the desire to adopt a healthy diet has drawn attention to legume seeds and food products derived from them. 25028256 10 8 theme low 1725:1727 arg1 acids 1745:1749 low saturated fatty acids 1725:1749 low saturated fatty acids 1725:1749 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 5 9 dep highest 951:957 arg1 amounts 970:976 amounts 970:976 amounts 970:976 Mineral composition indicated potassium and zinc in highest and lowest amounts respectively, in all cultivars. 25028256 6 10 theme fatty 1189:1193 arg1 acids 1216:1220 major fatty acids 1204:1220 major fatty acids in all cultivars 1204:1237 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 6 10 theme fatty 1189:1193 arg1 acids 1195:1199 unsaturated fatty acids 1177:1199 unsaturated fatty acids 1177:1199 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 1 11 attach derived 250:256 arg2 seeds 226:230 legume seeds 219:230 legume seeds 219:230 BACKGROUND In recent years, the desire to adopt a healthy diet has drawn attention to legume seeds and food products derived from them. 25028256 1 11 attach derived 250:256 arg1 them 263:266 them 263:266 them 263:266 BACKGROUND In recent years, the desire to adopt a healthy diet has drawn attention to legume seeds and food products derived from them. 25028256 6 12 theme distribution 1146:1157 arg1 pattern 1159:1165 fatty acid distribution pattern 1135:1165 fatty acid distribution pattern 1135:1165 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 3 13 theme antioxidant 638:648 arg1 composition 625:635 their chemical composition 610:635 their chemical composition 610:635 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 13 theme antioxidant 638:648 arg1 activities 675:684 antioxidant potential and biological activities 638:684 antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity 638:798 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 14 theme mash 436:439 arg1 bean 441:444 mash bean 436:444 four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan 431:585 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 4 15 theme biochemical 855:865 arg1 composition 867:877 biochemical composition 855:877 biochemical composition to various extents 855:896 RESULTS The investigated cultivars varied in terms of biochemical composition to various extents. 25028256 8 16 theme seed 1374:1377 arg1 flour 1379:1383 seed flour 1374:1383 seed flour 1374:1383 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 6 17 theme unsaturated 1177:1187 arg1 acids 1216:1220 major fatty acids 1204:1220 major fatty acids in all cultivars 1204:1237 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 6 17 theme unsaturated 1177:1187 arg1 acids 1195:1199 unsaturated fatty acids 1177:1199 unsaturated fatty acids 1177:1199 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 12 18 theme important 2054:2062 arg1 commodity 2071:2079 an important export commodity 2051:2079 an important export commodity 2051:2079 If proper attention is paid, it may become an important export commodity and may fetch considerable foreign exchange for Pakistan. 25028256 4 19 theme investigated 813:824 arg1 cultivars 826:834 The investigated cultivars 809:834 The investigated cultivars 809:834 RESULTS The investigated cultivars varied in terms of biochemical composition to various extents. 25028256 10 20 theme fatty 1739:1743 arg1 acids 1745:1749 low saturated fatty acids 1725:1749 low saturated fatty acids 1725:1749 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 3 21 dep mungo 453:457 arg1 Hepper 464:469 Hepper 464:469 Hepper 464:469 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 6 22 theme acid 1141:1144 arg1 pattern 1159:1165 fatty acid distribution pattern 1135:1165 fatty acid distribution pattern 1135:1165 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 6 23 attach present 1085:1091 arg2 cysteine 1073:1080 cysteine 1073:1080 cysteine 1073:1080 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 6 23 attach present 1085:1091 arg1 quantity 1103:1110 lowest quantity 1096:1110 lowest quantity in all cultivars 1096:1127 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 11 24 theme clinical 1966:1973 arg1 dieticians 1975:1984 clinical dieticians 1966:1984 clinical dieticians 1966:1984 The collected data will be useful for academic and corporate researchers, nutritionists and clinical dieticians as well as consumers. 25028256 8 25 theme functional 1414:1423 arg1 amides 1465:1470 amides 1465:1470 amides 1465:1470 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 25 theme functional 1414:1423 arg1 polysaccharides 1440:1454 polysaccharides 1440:1454 polysaccharides 1440:1454 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 25 theme functional 1414:1423 arg1 amines 1473:1478 amines 1473:1478 amines 1473:1478 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 25 theme functional 1414:1423 arg1 acids 1490:1494 amino acids 1484:1494 amino acids 1484:1494 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 25 theme functional 1414:1423 arg1 lipids 1457:1462 lipids 1457:1462 lipids 1457:1462 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 25 theme functional 1414:1423 arg1 groups 1425:1430 major functional groups 1408:1430 major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids 1408:1494 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 7 26 theme rich 1271:1274 arg1 source 1276:1281 rich source 1271:1281 rich source of tocopherols and sterols 1271:1308 All cultivars were found to be rich source of tocopherols and sterols. 25028256 3 27 theme formation 705:713 arg1 inhibition 691:700 inhibition 691:700 inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity 691:798 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 0 28 theme bean 61:64 arg1 cultivars 92:100 some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars 51:100 some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars 51:100 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 3 29 theme advanced 718:725 arg1 products 741:748 advanced glycation end products 718:748 advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity 718:763 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 29 theme advanced 718:725 arg1 AGE 751:753 AGE 751:753 AGE 751:753 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 0 30 theme Vigna 67:71 arg1 L. 80:81 L. 80:81 L. 80:81 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 0 30 theme Vigna 67:71 arg1 mungo 73:77 Vigna mungo 67:77 Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper 67:89 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 3 31 theme inhibition 780:789 arg1 activity 791:798 tyrosinase inhibition activity 769:798 tyrosinase inhibition activity 769:798 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 6 32 theme fatty 1135:1139 arg1 acid 1141:1144 fatty acid 1135:1144 fatty acid distribution pattern 1135:1165 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 3 33 theme end 737:739 arg1 products 741:748 advanced glycation end products 718:748 advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity 718:763 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 33 theme end 737:739 arg1 AGE 751:753 AGE 751:753 AGE 751:753 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 5 34 theme Mineral 899:905 arg1 composition 907:917 Mineral composition 899:917 Mineral composition 899:917 Mineral composition indicated potassium and zinc in highest and lowest amounts respectively, in all cultivars. 25028256 2 35 theme mash 384:387 arg1 seeds 394:398 mash bean seeds 384:398 mash bean seeds 384:398 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 11 36 theme collected 1878:1886 arg1 data 1888:1891 The collected data 1874:1891 The collected data 1874:1891 The collected data will be useful for academic and corporate researchers, nutritionists and clinical dieticians as well as consumers. 25028256 11 36 theme collected 1878:1886 arg1 useful 1901:1906 useful 1901:1906 useful 1901:1906 The collected data will be useful for academic and corporate researchers, nutritionists and clinical dieticians as well as consumers. 25028256 0 37 theme Compositional 0:12 arg1 studies 14:20 Compositional studies 0:20 Compositional studies 0:20 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 2 38 theme composition 369:379 arg1 mapping 345:351 a systematic mapping 332:351 a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds 332:398 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 10 39 theme protein 1637:1643 arg1 cultivars 1608:1616 All cultivars 1604:1616 All cultivars 1604:1616 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 39 theme protein 1637:1643 arg1 source 1627:1632 rich source 1622:1632 rich source of protein 1622:1643 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 1 40 theme food 236:239 arg1 products 241:248 food products 236:248 food products 236:248 BACKGROUND In recent years, the desire to adopt a healthy diet has drawn attention to legume seeds and food products derived from them. 25028256 10 41 theme balanced 1696:1703 arg1 profile 1716:1722 a balanced amino acid profile 1694:1722 a balanced amino acid profile 1694:1722 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 0 42 dep bean 61:64 arg1 L. 80:81 L. 80:81 L. 80:81 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 0 42 dep bean 61:64 arg1 mungo 73:77 Vigna mungo 67:77 Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper 67:89 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 8 43 theme amino 1484:1488 arg1 acids 1490:1494 amino acids 1484:1494 amino acids 1484:1494 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 44 theme infrared 1329:1336 arg1 spectroscopy 1338:1349 infrared spectroscopy 1329:1349 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts 1329:1396 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 44 theme infrared 1329:1336 arg1 FTIR 1352:1355 FTIR 1352:1355 FTIR 1352:1355 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 6 45 from present 1085:1091 arg1 quantity 1103:1110 lowest quantity 1096:1110 lowest quantity in all cultivars 1096:1127 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 9 46 theme investigated 1524:1535 arg1 cultivars 1537:1545 all investigated cultivars 1520:1545 all investigated cultivars 1520:1545 Results indicated that all investigated cultivars possessed appreciable antioxidant potential. 25028256 2 47 theme seeds 394:398 arg1 composition 369:379 the chemical composition 356:379 the chemical composition of mash bean seeds 356:398 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 6 48 theme cultivars 1053:1061 arg1 profile 1025:1031 The amino acid profile 1010:1031 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars 1010:1061 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 10 49 theme crop 1833:1836 arg1 seeds 1819:1823 seeds 1819:1823 seeds of this crop 1819:1836 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 12 50 theme considerable 2095:2106 arg1 exchange 2116:2123 considerable foreign exchange 2095:2123 considerable foreign exchange for Pakistan 2095:2136 If proper attention is paid, it may become an important export commodity and may fetch considerable foreign exchange for Pakistan. 25028256 6 51 from acids 1216:1220 arg1 cultivars 1229:1237 all cultivars 1225:1237 all cultivars 1225:1237 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 9 52 theme antioxidant 1569:1579 arg1 potential 1581:1589 appreciable antioxidant potential 1557:1589 appreciable antioxidant potential 1557:1589 Results indicated that all investigated cultivars possessed appreciable antioxidant potential. 25028256 10 53 theme rich 1622:1625 arg1 cultivars 1608:1616 All cultivars 1604:1616 All cultivars 1604:1616 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 53 theme rich 1622:1625 arg1 source 1627:1632 rich source 1622:1632 rich source of protein 1622:1643 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 3 54 theme bean 441:444 arg1 cultivars 493:501 four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars 431:501 four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan 431:585 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 2 55 theme legume 295:300 arg1 crop 302:305 an important legume crop 282:305 an important legume crop used in Pakistan 282:322 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 2 55 theme legume 295:300 arg1 bean 274:277 Mash bean 269:277 Mash bean 269:277 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 6 56 theme acid 1020:1023 arg1 profile 1025:1031 The amino acid profile 1010:1031 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars 1010:1061 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 10 57 dep traditional 1799:1809 arg1 uses 1811:1814 uses 1811:1814 uses 1811:1814 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 58 theme acid 1711:1714 arg1 profile 1716:1722 a balanced amino acid profile 1694:1722 a balanced amino acid profile 1694:1722 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 6 59 theme major 1204:1208 arg1 acids 1216:1220 major fatty acids 1204:1220 major fatty acids in all cultivars 1204:1237 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 6 59 theme major 1204:1208 arg1 acids 1195:1199 unsaturated fatty acids 1177:1199 unsaturated fatty acids 1177:1199 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 3 60 theme Vigna 447:451 arg1 Leguminoseae 479:490 family Leguminoseae 472:490 family Leguminoseae 472:490 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 60 theme Vigna 447:451 arg1 L. 460:461 L. 460:461 L. 460:461 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 60 theme Vigna 447:451 arg1 mungo 453:457 Vigna mungo 447:457 Vigna mungo 447:457 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 8 61 dep Fourier 1311:1317 arg1 transform 1319:1327 transform 1319:1327 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts 1319:1396 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 6 62 theme lowest 1096:1101 arg1 quantity 1103:1110 lowest quantity 1096:1110 lowest quantity in all cultivars 1096:1127 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 12 63 theme export 2064:2069 arg1 commodity 2071:2079 an important export commodity 2051:2079 an important export commodity 2051:2079 If proper attention is paid, it may become an important export commodity and may fetch considerable foreign exchange for Pakistan. 25028256 9 64 contain possessed 1547:1555 arg1 cultivars 1537:1545 all investigated cultivars 1520:1545 all investigated cultivars 1520:1545 Results indicated that all investigated cultivars possessed appreciable antioxidant potential. 25028256 9 64 contain possessed 1547:1555 arg2 potential 1581:1589 appreciable antioxidant potential 1557:1589 appreciable antioxidant potential 1557:1589 Results indicated that all investigated cultivars possessed appreciable antioxidant potential. 25028256 3 65 theme chemical 616:623 arg1 composition 625:635 their chemical composition 610:635 their chemical composition 610:635 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 65 theme chemical 616:623 arg1 activities 675:684 antioxidant potential and biological activities 638:684 antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity 638:798 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 10 66 theme saturated 1729:1737 arg1 acids 1745:1749 low saturated fatty acids 1725:1749 low saturated fatty acids 1725:1749 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 3 67 dep cultivars 493:501 arg1 NARC-Mash-97 543:554 NARC-Mash-97 543:554 NARC-Mash-97 543:554 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 67 dep cultivars 493:501 arg1 NARC-Mash-3 530:540 NARC-Mash-3 530:540 NARC-Mash-3 530:540 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 67 dep cultivars 493:501 arg1 NARC-Mash-2 517:527 NARC-Mash-2 517:527 NARC-Mash-2 517:527 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 67 dep cultivars 493:501 arg1 NARC-Mash-1 504:514 NARC-Mash-1 504:514 NARC-Mash-1 504:514 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 68 theme biological 664:673 arg1 composition 625:635 their chemical composition 610:635 their chemical composition 610:635 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 68 theme biological 664:673 arg1 activities 675:684 antioxidant potential and biological activities 638:684 antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity 638:798 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 0 69 theme cultivars 92:100 arg1 studies 14:20 Compositional studies 0:20 Compositional studies 0:20 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 0 69 theme cultivars 92:100 arg1 activities 37:46 biological activities 26:46 biological activities 26:46 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 3 70 theme family 472:477 arg1 Leguminoseae 479:490 family Leguminoseae 472:490 family Leguminoseae 472:490 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 70 theme family 472:477 arg1 mungo 453:457 Vigna mungo 447:457 Vigna mungo 447:457 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 10 71 contain possess 1649:1655 arg2 content 1668:1674 sufficient content 1657:1674 sufficient content of dietary fiber 1657:1691 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 71 contain possess 1649:1655 arg1 cultivars 1608:1616 All cultivars 1604:1616 All cultivars 1604:1616 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 71 contain possess 1649:1655 arg2 acids 1745:1749 low saturated fatty acids 1725:1749 low saturated fatty acids 1725:1749 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 71 contain possess 1649:1655 arg2 profile 1716:1722 a balanced amino acid profile 1694:1722 a balanced amino acid profile 1694:1722 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 71 contain possess 1649:1655 arg1 source 1627:1632 rich source 1622:1632 rich source of protein 1622:1643 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 71 contain possess 1649:1655 arg2 capacity 1767:1774 antioxidant capacity 1755:1774 antioxidant capacity 1755:1774 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 8 72 theme flour 1379:1383 arg1 fingerprints 1358:1369 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints 1329:1369 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts 1329:1396 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 3 73 theme potential 650:658 arg1 composition 625:635 their chemical composition 610:635 their chemical composition 610:635 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 73 theme potential 650:658 arg1 activities 675:684 antioxidant potential and biological activities 638:684 antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity 638:798 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 74 theme cultivars 493:501 arg1 seeds 422:426 seeds 422:426 seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan 422:585 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 8 75 theme extracts 1389:1396 arg1 fingerprints 1358:1369 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints 1329:1369 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts 1329:1396 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 76 theme major 1408:1412 arg1 amides 1465:1470 amides 1465:1470 amides 1465:1470 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 76 theme major 1408:1412 arg1 polysaccharides 1440:1454 polysaccharides 1440:1454 polysaccharides 1440:1454 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 76 theme major 1408:1412 arg1 amines 1473:1478 amines 1473:1478 amines 1473:1478 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 76 theme major 1408:1412 arg1 acids 1490:1494 amino acids 1484:1494 amino acids 1484:1494 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 76 theme major 1408:1412 arg1 lipids 1457:1462 lipids 1457:1462 lipids 1457:1462 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 8 76 theme major 1408:1412 arg1 groups 1425:1430 major functional groups 1408:1430 major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids 1408:1494 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 7 77 theme sterols 1302:1308 arg1 source 1276:1281 rich source 1271:1281 rich source of tocopherols and sterols 1271:1308 All cultivars were found to be rich source of tocopherols and sterols. 25028256 3 78 theme tyrosinase 769:778 arg1 activity 791:798 tyrosinase inhibition activity 769:798 tyrosinase inhibition activity 769:798 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 7 79 theme tocopherols 1286:1296 arg1 source 1276:1281 rich source 1271:1281 rich source of tocopherols and sterols 1271:1308 All cultivars were found to be rich source of tocopherols and sterols. 25028256 3 80 theme glycation 727:735 arg1 products 741:748 advanced glycation end products 718:748 advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity 718:763 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 80 theme glycation 727:735 arg1 AGE 751:753 AGE 751:753 AGE 751:753 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 81 theme activity 756:763 arg1 formation 705:713 formation 705:713 formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity 705:798 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 12 82 theme proper 2011:2016 arg1 attention 2018:2026 proper attention 2011:2026 proper attention 2011:2026 If proper attention is paid, it may become an important export commodity and may fetch considerable foreign exchange for Pakistan. 25028256 3 83 theme activity 791:798 arg1 formation 705:713 formation 705:713 formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity 705:798 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 4 84 theme composition 867:877 arg1 terms 846:850 terms 846:850 terms of biochemical composition to various extents 846:896 RESULTS The investigated cultivars varied in terms of biochemical composition to various extents. 25028256 6 85 from quantity 1103:1110 arg1 present 1085:1091 present 1085:1091 present 1085:1091 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 6 85 from quantity 1103:1110 arg1 cultivars 1119:1127 all cultivars 1115:1127 all cultivars 1115:1127 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 3 86 theme products 741:748 arg1 activity 756:763 advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity 718:763 advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity 718:763 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 6 87 theme amino 1014:1018 arg1 profile 1025:1031 The amino acid profile 1010:1031 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars 1010:1061 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 4 88 theme various 882:888 arg1 extents 890:896 various extents 882:896 various extents 882:896 RESULTS The investigated cultivars varied in terms of biochemical composition to various extents. 25028256 0 89 dep mungo 73:77 arg1 Hepper 84:89 Hepper 84:89 Hepper 84:89 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 1 90 dep BACKGROUND 133:142 arg1 drawn 200:204 drawn 200:204 has drawn attention to legume seeds and food products derived from them 196:266 BACKGROUND In recent years, the desire to adopt a healthy diet has drawn attention to legume seeds and food products derived from them. 25028256 0 91 theme biological 26:35 arg1 activities 37:46 biological activities 26:46 biological activities 26:46 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 3 92 dep bean 441:444 arg1 Leguminoseae 479:490 family Leguminoseae 472:490 family Leguminoseae 472:490 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 92 dep bean 441:444 arg1 L. 460:461 L. 460:461 L. 460:461 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 3 92 dep bean 441:444 arg1 mungo 453:457 Vigna mungo 447:457 Vigna mungo 447:457 Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. 25028256 10 93 theme antioxidant 1755:1765 arg1 capacity 1767:1774 antioxidant capacity 1755:1774 antioxidant capacity 1755:1774 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 2 94 theme chemical 360:367 arg1 composition 369:379 the chemical composition 356:379 the chemical composition of mash bean seeds 356:398 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 10 95 theme seeds 1819:1823 arg1 traditional 1799:1809 traditional 1799:1809 traditional 1799:1809 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 4 96 dep RESULTS 801:807 arg1 varied 836:841 varied 836:841 varied in terms of biochemical composition to various extents 836:896 RESULTS The investigated cultivars varied in terms of biochemical composition to various extents. 25028256 2 97 theme systematic 334:343 arg1 mapping 345:351 a systematic mapping 332:351 a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds 332:398 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 0 98 theme mash 56:59 arg1 bean 61:64 mash bean 56:64 some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars 51:100 Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. 25028256 2 99 theme bean 389:392 arg1 seeds 394:398 mash bean seeds 384:398 mash bean seeds 384:398 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 8 100 theme spectroscopy 1338:1349 arg1 fingerprints 1358:1369 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints 1329:1369 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts 1329:1396 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. 25028256 10 101 theme sufficient 1657:1666 arg1 content 1668:1674 sufficient content 1657:1674 sufficient content of dietary fiber 1657:1691 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 12 102 theme foreign 2108:2114 arg1 exchange 2116:2123 considerable foreign exchange 2095:2123 considerable foreign exchange for Pakistan 2095:2136 If proper attention is paid, it may become an important export commodity and may fetch considerable foreign exchange for Pakistan. 25028256 9 103 theme appreciable 1557:1567 arg1 potential 1581:1589 appreciable antioxidant potential 1557:1589 appreciable antioxidant potential 1557:1589 Results indicated that all investigated cultivars possessed appreciable antioxidant potential. 25028256 6 104 located present 1085:1091 arg1 quantity 1103:1110 lowest quantity 1096:1110 lowest quantity in all cultivars 1096:1127 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 6 104 located present 1085:1091 arg2 cysteine 1073:1080 cysteine 1073:1080 cysteine 1073:1080 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 10 105 dep CONCLUSIONS 1592:1602 arg1 cultivars 1608:1616 All cultivars 1604:1616 All cultivars 1604:1616 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 105 dep CONCLUSIONS 1592:1602 arg1 source 1627:1632 rich source 1622:1632 rich source of protein 1622:1643 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 105 dep CONCLUSIONS 1592:1602 arg1 possess 1649:1655 possess 1649:1655 possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance 1649:1871 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 6 106 from profile 1025:1031 arg1 protein 1036:1042 protein 1036:1042 protein 1036:1042 The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. 25028256 2 107 theme Mash 269:272 arg1 crop 302:305 an important legume crop 282:305 an important legume crop used in Pakistan 282:322 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 2 107 theme Mash 269:272 arg1 bean 274:277 Mash bean 269:277 Mash bean 269:277 Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. 25028256 1 108 theme healthy 183:189 arg1 diet 191:194 a healthy diet 181:194 a healthy diet 181:194 BACKGROUND In recent years, the desire to adopt a healthy diet has drawn attention to legume seeds and food products derived from them. 25028256 10 109 theme dietary 1679:1685 arg1 fiber 1687:1691 dietary fiber 1679:1691 dietary fiber 1679:1691 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 1 110 dep desire 165:170 arg1 adopt 175:179 adopt 175:179 to adopt a healthy diet 172:194 BACKGROUND In recent years, the desire to adopt a healthy diet has drawn attention to legume seeds and food products derived from them. 25028256 10 111 theme fiber 1687:1691 arg1 capacity 1767:1774 antioxidant capacity 1755:1774 antioxidant capacity 1755:1774 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 111 theme fiber 1687:1691 arg1 content 1668:1674 sufficient content 1657:1674 sufficient content of dietary fiber 1657:1691 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 111 theme fiber 1687:1691 arg1 acids 1745:1749 low saturated fatty acids 1725:1749 low saturated fatty acids 1725:1749 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 25028256 10 111 theme fiber 1687:1691 arg1 profile 1716:1722 a balanced amino acid profile 1694:1722 a balanced amino acid profile 1694:1722 CONCLUSIONS All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. 24585773 2 0 theme N-linked 464:471 arg1 oligosaccharides 473:488 N-linked oligosaccharides 464:488 N-linked oligosaccharides 464:488 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 11 1 theme ER 1582:1583 arg1 exit 1585:1588 ER exit 1582:1588 ER exit of Kre2-family proteins 1582:1612 Thus, ER exit of Kre2-family proteins is dependent on distinct adaptor proteins and our results provide new insights into the traffic of Kre2-family mannosyltransferases. 24585773 7 2 theme abundant 1054:1061 arg1 proteins 1078:1085 abundant COPII membrane proteins 1054:1085 abundant COPII membrane proteins 1054:1085 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 24585773 2 3 theme O-linked 340:347 arg1 oligosaccharides 349:364 O-linked oligosaccharides 340:364 O-linked oligosaccharides 340:364 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 10 4 theme switching 1458:1466 arg1 experiments 1468:1478 The domain switching experiments 1447:1478 The domain switching experiments 1447:1478 The domain switching experiments show that the lumenal domain of Ktr4 is responsible for recognition by the Erv41-Erv46 complex. 24585773 9 5 theme protein 1430:1436 arg1 complex 1438:1444 this evolutionally conserved protein complex 1401:1444 this evolutionally conserved protein complex 1401:1444 This is the first demonstration of the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex. 24585773 0 6 theme yeast 71:75 arg1 ER 77:78 the yeast ER 67:78 the yeast ER 67:78 Distinct adaptor proteins assist exit of Kre2-family proteins from the yeast ER. 24585773 11 7 theme Kre2-family 1713:1723 arg1 mannosyltransferases 1725:1744 Kre2-family mannosyltransferases 1713:1744 Kre2-family mannosyltransferases 1713:1744 Thus, ER exit of Kre2-family proteins is dependent on distinct adaptor proteins and our results provide new insights into the traffic of Kre2-family mannosyltransferases. 24585773 4 8 theme density 825:831 arg1 gradients 833:841 sucrose density gradients 817:841 sucrose density gradients 817:841 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 1 9 theme Golgi-localized 130:144 arg1 protein 164:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein 119:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 119:213 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 1 9 theme Golgi-localized 130:144 arg1 protein 91:97 The Svp26 protein 81:97 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae 81:114 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 10 10 theme lumenal 1494:1500 arg1 domain 1502:1507 the lumenal domain 1490:1507 the lumenal domain of Ktr4 1490:1515 The domain switching experiments show that the lumenal domain of Ktr4 is responsible for recognition by the Erv41-Erv46 complex. 24585773 10 10 theme lumenal 1494:1500 arg1 responsible 1520:1530 responsible 1520:1530 responsible 1520:1530 The domain switching experiments show that the lumenal domain of Ktr4 is responsible for recognition by the Erv41-Erv46 complex. 24585773 10 10 theme lumenal 1494:1500 arg1 Ktr4 1512:1515 Ktr4 1512:1515 Ktr4 1512:1515 The domain switching experiments show that the lumenal domain of Ktr4 is responsible for recognition by the Erv41-Erv46 complex. 24585773 10 11 theme Ktr4 1512:1515 arg1 domain 1502:1507 the lumenal domain 1490:1507 the lumenal domain of Ktr4 1490:1515 The domain switching experiments show that the lumenal domain of Ktr4 is responsible for recognition by the Erv41-Erv46 complex. 24585773 10 11 theme Ktr4 1512:1515 arg1 responsible 1520:1530 responsible 1520:1530 responsible 1520:1530 The domain switching experiments show that the lumenal domain of Ktr4 is responsible for recognition by the Erv41-Erv46 complex. 24585773 10 11 theme Ktr4 1512:1515 arg1 Ktr4 1512:1515 Ktr4 1512:1515 Ktr4 1512:1515 The domain switching experiments show that the lumenal domain of Ktr4 is responsible for recognition by the Erv41-Erv46 complex. 24585773 7 12 theme genes 1039:1043 arg1 mutants 1024:1030 Screening null mutants 1009:1030 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER 1009:1137 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 24585773 5 13 theme Ktr1 913:916 arg1 exit 896:899 the ER exit 889:899 the ER exit of Kre2 and Ktr1 889:916 We show that Svp26 functions in facilitating the ER exit of Kre2 and Ktr1 by an in vitro COPII budding assay. 24585773 8 14 theme adaptor 1303:1309 arg1 protein 1311:1317 an adaptor protein 1300:1317 an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4 1300:1337 We provide biochemical evidence that the Erv41-Erv46 complex functions as an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4. 24585773 8 14 theme adaptor 1303:1309 arg1 complex 1279:1285 the Erv41-Erv46 complex 1263:1285 the Erv41-Erv46 complex 1263:1285 We provide biochemical evidence that the Erv41-Erv46 complex functions as an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4. 24585773 2 15 link O-linked 340:347 arg1 oligosaccharides 349:364 O-linked oligosaccharides 340:364 O-linked oligosaccharides 340:364 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 8 16 theme Erv41-Erv46 1267:1277 arg1 protein 1311:1317 an adaptor protein 1300:1317 an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4 1300:1337 We provide biochemical evidence that the Erv41-Erv46 complex functions as an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4. 24585773 8 16 theme Erv41-Erv46 1267:1277 arg1 complex 1279:1285 the Erv41-Erv46 complex 1263:1285 the Erv41-Erv46 complex 1263:1285 We provide biochemical evidence that the Erv41-Erv46 complex functions as an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4. 24585773 2 17 theme ER 272:273 arg1 exit 275:278 the ER exit 268:278 the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, 268:365 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 4 18 theme Golgi 683:687 arg1 dependent 738:746 dependent 738:746 dependent 738:746 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 4 18 theme Golgi 683:687 arg1 localizations 689:701 the Golgi localizations 679:701 the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, 679:731 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 7 19 from mislocalization 1105:1119 arg1 ER 1136:1137 the ER 1132:1137 the ER 1132:1137 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 24585773 11 20 theme proteins 1605:1612 arg1 exit 1585:1588 ER exit 1582:1588 ER exit of Kre2-family proteins 1582:1612 Thus, ER exit of Kre2-family proteins is dependent on distinct adaptor proteins and our results provide new insights into the traffic of Kre2-family mannosyltransferases. 24585773 9 21 theme function 1389:1396 arg1 This 1340:1343 This 1340:1343 This 1340:1343 This is the first demonstration of the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex. 24585773 9 21 theme function 1389:1396 arg1 demonstration 1358:1370 the first demonstration 1348:1370 the first demonstration of the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex 1348:1444 This is the first demonstration of the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex. 24585773 3 22 theme Kre2 511:514 arg1 family 516:521 the Kre2 family 507:521 the Kre2 family 507:521 Ktr3 belongs to the Kre2 family, which consists of 9 members of type-II membrane proteins sharing sequence similarities. 24585773 11 23 theme Kre2-family 1593:1603 arg1 proteins 1605:1612 Kre2-family proteins 1593:1612 Kre2-family proteins 1593:1612 Thus, ER exit of Kre2-family proteins is dependent on distinct adaptor proteins and our results provide new insights into the traffic of Kre2-family mannosyltransferases. 24585773 1 24 theme integral 146:153 arg1 protein 164:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein 119:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 119:213 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 1 24 theme integral 146:153 arg1 protein 91:97 The Svp26 protein 81:97 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae 81:114 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 7 25 theme membrane 1069:1076 arg1 proteins 1078:1085 abundant COPII membrane proteins 1054:1085 abundant COPII membrane proteins 1054:1085 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 24585773 4 26 theme cell 794:797 arg1 fractionations 799:812 cell fractionations 794:812 cell fractionations 794:812 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 5 27 theme in 924:925 arg1 assay 947:951 an in vitro COPII budding assay 921:951 an in vitro COPII budding assay 921:951 We show that Svp26 functions in facilitating the ER exit of Kre2 and Ktr1 by an in vitro COPII budding assay. 24585773 2 28 theme ER 375:376 arg1 exit 378:381 the ER exit 371:381 the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5 371:398 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 0 29 theme adaptor 9:15 arg1 proteins 17:24 Distinct adaptor proteins 0:24 Distinct adaptor proteins 0:24 Distinct adaptor proteins assist exit of Kre2-family proteins from the yeast ER. 24585773 11 30 theme mannosyltransferases 1725:1744 arg1 traffic 1702:1708 traffic 1702:1708 traffic 1702:1708 Thus, ER exit of Kre2-family proteins is dependent on distinct adaptor proteins and our results provide new insights into the traffic of Kre2-family mannosyltransferases. 24585773 4 31 theme sucrose 817:823 arg1 gradients 833:841 sucrose density gradients 817:841 sucrose density gradients 817:841 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 5 32 theme Kre2 904:907 arg1 exit 896:899 the ER exit 889:899 the ER exit of Kre2 and Ktr1 889:916 We show that Svp26 functions in facilitating the ER exit of Kre2 and Ktr1 by an in vitro COPII budding assay. 24585773 7 33 theme Golgi 1198:1202 arg1 localization 1204:1215 the correct Golgi localization 1186:1215 the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4 1186:1223 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 24585773 4 34 theme Kre2 644:647 arg1 members 656:662 all Kre2 family members 640:662 all Kre2 family members 640:662 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 0 35 theme Distinct 0:7 arg1 proteins 17:24 Distinct adaptor proteins 0:24 Distinct adaptor proteins 0:24 Distinct adaptor proteins assist exit of Kre2-family proteins from the yeast ER. 24585773 7 36 theme Ktr4 1220:1223 arg1 localization 1204:1215 the correct Golgi localization 1186:1215 the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4 1186:1223 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 24585773 7 37 theme COPII 1063:1067 arg1 proteins 1078:1085 abundant COPII membrane proteins 1054:1085 abundant COPII membrane proteins 1054:1085 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 24585773 5 38 theme budding 939:945 arg1 assay 947:951 an in vitro COPII budding assay 921:951 an in vitro COPII budding assay 921:951 We show that Svp26 functions in facilitating the ER exit of Kre2 and Ktr1 by an in vitro COPII budding assay. 24585773 5 39 theme ER 893:894 arg1 exit 896:899 the ER exit 889:899 the ER exit of Kre2 and Ktr1 889:916 We show that Svp26 functions in facilitating the ER exit of Kre2 and Ktr1 by an in vitro COPII budding assay. 24585773 2 40 theme Ktr3 283:286 arg1 exit 275:278 the ER exit 268:278 the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, 268:365 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 2 40 theme Ktr3 283:286 arg1 exit 378:381 the ER exit 371:381 the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5 371:398 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 4 41 theme immunofluorescence 760:777 arg1 microscopy 779:788 immunofluorescence microscopy 760:788 immunofluorescence microscopy 760:788 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 2 42 theme Mnn5 395:398 arg1 exit 275:278 the ER exit 268:278 the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, 268:365 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 2 42 theme Mnn5 395:398 arg1 exit 378:381 the ER exit 371:381 the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5 371:398 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 8 43 theme ER 1323:1324 arg1 exit 1326:1329 ER exit 1323:1329 ER exit of Ktr4 1323:1337 We provide biochemical evidence that the Erv41-Erv46 complex functions as an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4. 24585773 7 44 theme Screening 1009:1017 arg1 mutants 1024:1030 Screening null mutants 1009:1030 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER 1009:1137 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 24585773 0 45 from ER 77:78 arg1 exit 33:36 exit 33:36 exit of Kre2-family proteins from the yeast ER 33:78 Distinct adaptor proteins assist exit of Kre2-family proteins from the yeast ER. 24585773 4 46 theme others 710:715 arg1 dependent 738:746 dependent 738:746 dependent 738:746 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 4 46 theme others 710:715 arg1 localizations 689:701 the Golgi localizations 679:701 the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, 679:731 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 1 47 theme potential 179:187 arg1 domains 207:213 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 177:213 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 177:213 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 9 48 theme conserved 1420:1428 arg1 complex 1438:1444 this evolutionally conserved protein complex 1401:1444 this evolutionally conserved protein complex 1401:1444 This is the first demonstration of the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex. 24585773 1 49 theme membrane-spanning 189:205 arg1 domains 207:213 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 177:213 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 177:213 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 3 50 theme membrane 563:570 arg1 proteins 572:579 type-II membrane proteins 555:579 type-II membrane proteins sharing sequence similarities 555:609 Ktr3 belongs to the Kre2 family, which consists of 9 members of type-II membrane proteins sharing sequence similarities. 24585773 2 51 theme Mnn2 386:389 arg1 exit 275:278 the ER exit 268:278 the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, 268:365 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 2 51 theme Mnn2 386:389 arg1 exit 378:381 the ER exit 371:381 the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5 371:398 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 9 52 theme first 1352:1356 arg1 This 1340:1343 This 1340:1343 This 1340:1343 This is the first demonstration of the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex. 24585773 9 52 theme first 1352:1356 arg1 demonstration 1358:1370 the first demonstration 1348:1370 the first demonstration of the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex 1348:1444 This is the first demonstration of the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex. 24585773 10 53 theme Erv41-Erv46 1555:1565 arg1 complex 1567:1573 the Erv41-Erv46 complex 1551:1573 the Erv41-Erv46 complex 1551:1573 The domain switching experiments show that the lumenal domain of Ktr4 is responsible for recognition by the Erv41-Erv46 complex. 24585773 3 54 theme proteins 572:579 arg1 members 544:550 9 members 542:550 9 members of type-II membrane proteins sharing sequence similarities 542:609 Ktr3 belongs to the Kre2 family, which consists of 9 members of type-II membrane proteins sharing sequence similarities. 24585773 2 55 link N-linked 464:471 arg1 oligosaccharides 473:488 N-linked oligosaccharides 464:488 N-linked oligosaccharides 464:488 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 6 56 theme Ktr4 976:979 arg1 localization 960:971 Golgi localization 954:971 Golgi localization of Ktr4 954:979 Golgi localization of Ktr4 was not dependent on Svp26. 24585773 0 57 theme proteins 53:60 arg1 exit 33:36 exit 33:36 exit of Kre2-family proteins from the yeast ER 33:78 Distinct adaptor proteins assist exit of Kre2-family proteins from the yeast ER. 24585773 1 58 with protein 164:170 arg1 domains 207:213 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 177:213 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 177:213 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 7 59 theme null 1019:1022 arg1 mutants 1024:1030 Screening null mutants 1009:1030 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER 1009:1137 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 24585773 8 60 theme Ktr4 1334:1337 arg1 exit 1326:1329 ER exit 1323:1329 ER exit of Ktr4 1323:1337 We provide biochemical evidence that the Erv41-Erv46 complex functions as an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4. 24585773 8 61 theme biochemical 1237:1247 arg1 evidence 1249:1256 biochemical evidence that the Erv41-Erv46 complex functions as an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4 1237:1337 biochemical evidence that the Erv41-Erv46 complex functions as an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4 1237:1337 We provide biochemical evidence that the Erv41-Erv46 complex functions as an adaptor protein for ER exit of Ktr4. 24585773 0 62 theme Kre2-family 41:51 arg1 proteins 53:60 Kre2-family proteins 41:60 Kre2-family proteins 41:60 Distinct adaptor proteins assist exit of Kre2-family proteins from the yeast ER. 24585773 10 63 theme domain 1451:1456 arg1 experiments 1468:1478 The domain switching experiments 1447:1478 The domain switching experiments 1447:1478 The domain switching experiments show that the lumenal domain of Ktr4 is responsible for recognition by the Erv41-Erv46 complex. 24585773 3 64 theme type-II 555:561 arg1 proteins 572:579 type-II membrane proteins 555:579 type-II membrane proteins sharing sequence similarities 555:609 Ktr3 belongs to the Kre2 family, which consists of 9 members of type-II membrane proteins sharing sequence similarities. 24585773 5 65 dep in 924:925 arg1 vitro 927:931 vitro 927:931 vitro 927:931 We show that Svp26 functions in facilitating the ER exit of Kre2 and Ktr1 by an in vitro COPII budding assay. 24585773 11 66 theme distinct 1630:1637 arg1 proteins 1647:1654 distinct adaptor proteins 1630:1654 distinct adaptor proteins 1630:1654 Thus, ER exit of Kre2-family proteins is dependent on distinct adaptor proteins and our results provide new insights into the traffic of Kre2-family mannosyltransferases. 24585773 4 67 theme family 649:654 arg1 members 656:662 all Kre2 family members 640:662 all Kre2 family members 640:662 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 1 68 theme cerevisiae 105:114 arg1 protein 164:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein 119:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 119:213 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 1 68 theme cerevisiae 105:114 arg1 protein 91:97 The Svp26 protein 81:97 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae 81:114 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 1 69 theme Svp26 85:89 arg1 protein 164:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein 119:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 119:213 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 1 69 theme Svp26 85:89 arg1 protein 91:97 The Svp26 protein 81:97 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae 81:114 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 9 70 theme complex 1438:1444 arg1 function 1389:1396 the molecular function 1375:1396 the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex 1375:1444 This is the first demonstration of the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex. 24585773 11 71 theme adaptor 1639:1645 arg1 proteins 1647:1654 distinct adaptor proteins 1630:1654 distinct adaptor proteins 1630:1654 Thus, ER exit of Kre2-family proteins is dependent on distinct adaptor proteins and our results provide new insights into the traffic of Kre2-family mannosyltransferases. 24585773 5 72 theme COPII 933:937 arg1 assay 947:951 an in vitro COPII budding assay 921:951 an in vitro COPII budding assay 921:951 We show that Svp26 functions in facilitating the ER exit of Kre2 and Ktr1 by an in vitro COPII budding assay. 24585773 4 73 from Svp26 751:755 arg1 gradients 833:841 sucrose density gradients 817:841 sucrose density gradients 817:841 In this report, we examined all Kre2 family members and found that the Golgi localizations of two others, Kre2 and Ktr1, were dependent on Svp26 by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionations in sucrose density gradients. 24585773 2 74 theme oligosaccharides 349:364 arg1 biosynthesis 324:335 biosynthesis 324:335 biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides 324:364 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 7 75 theme correct 1190:1196 arg1 localization 1204:1215 the correct Golgi localization 1186:1215 the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4 1186:1223 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 24585773 11 76 theme new 1680:1682 arg1 insights 1684:1691 new insights 1680:1691 new insights into the traffic of Kre2-family mannosyltransferases 1680:1744 Thus, ER exit of Kre2-family proteins is dependent on distinct adaptor proteins and our results provide new insights into the traffic of Kre2-family mannosyltransferases. 24585773 2 77 theme adaptor 235:241 arg1 protein 243:249 an adaptor protein 232:249 an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5 232:398 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 2 77 theme adaptor 235:241 arg1 mannosyltransferases 401:420 mannosyltransferases 401:420 mannosyltransferases 401:420 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 2 77 theme adaptor 235:241 arg1 It 216:217 It 216:217 It 216:217 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 9 78 theme molecular 1379:1387 arg1 function 1389:1396 the molecular function 1375:1396 the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex 1375:1444 This is the first demonstration of the molecular function of this evolutionally conserved protein complex. 24585773 1 79 theme membrane 155:162 arg1 protein 164:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein 119:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 119:213 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 1 79 theme membrane 155:162 arg1 protein 91:97 The Svp26 protein 81:97 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae 81:114 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 6 80 theme Golgi 954:958 arg1 localization 960:971 Golgi localization 954:971 Golgi localization of Ktr4 954:979 Golgi localization of Ktr4 was not dependent on Svp26. 24585773 2 81 theme oligosaccharides 473:488 arg1 biosynthesis 448:459 the biosynthesis 444:459 the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides 444:488 It functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the ER exit of Ktr3, a mannosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, and the ER exit of Mnn2 and Mnn5, mannosyltransferases, which participate in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. 24585773 3 82 theme sequence 589:596 arg1 similarities 598:609 sequence similarities 589:609 sequence similarities 589:609 Ktr3 belongs to the Kre2 family, which consists of 9 members of type-II membrane proteins sharing sequence similarities. 24585773 1 83 theme ER- 122:124 arg1 protein 164:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein 119:170 an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains 119:213 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 1 83 theme ER- 122:124 arg1 protein 91:97 The Svp26 protein 81:97 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae 81:114 The Svp26 protein of S. cerevisiae is an ER- and Golgi-localized integral membrane protein with 4 potential membrane-spanning domains. 24585773 7 84 theme Ktr4 1124:1127 arg1 mislocalization 1105:1119 mislocalization 1105:1119 mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER 1105:1137 Screening null mutants of the genes encoding abundant COPII membrane proteins for those showing mislocalization of Ktr4 in the ER revealed that Erv41 and Erv46 are required for the correct Golgi localization of Ktr4. 29288684 7 0 theme higher 1981:1986 arg1 orders 1961:1966 two orders 1957:1966 two orders of magnitude higher in NAP 1957:1993 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 8 1 from diseases 2241:2248 arg1 humans 2253:2258 humans 2253:2258 humans 2253:2258 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 4 2 theme cells 848:852 arg1 counts 792:797 apoptotic, but higher counts 770:797 apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 770:852 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 7 3 theme induced 1740:1746 arg1 effects 1748:1754 NAP induced effects 1736:1754 NAP induced effects 1736:1754 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 8 4 theme intestinal 2086:2095 arg1 sequelae 2135:2142 intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae 2086:2142 intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis 2086:2172 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 7 5 theme colonic 1842:1848 arg1 loads 1858:1862 colonic luminal loads 1842:1862 colonic luminal loads 1842:1862 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 4 6 from day 918:920 arg1 mice 910:913 placebo treated mice 894:913 placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 894:1238 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 8 7 theme extra-intestinal 2101:2116 arg1 sequelae 2135:2142 intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae 2086:2142 intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis 2086:2172 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 4 8 theme regulatory 1007:1016 arg1 cells 1020:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 9 theme lamina 1066:1071 arg1 propria 1073:1079 lamina propria 1066:1079 lamina propria 1066:1079 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 3 10 theme dextran 405:411 arg1 sodium 421:426 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium 400:426 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) 400:578 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 4 11 theme colonic 829:835 arg1 cells 848:852 proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 802:852 proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 802:852 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 8 12 theme acute 2147:2151 arg1 colitis 2166:2172 acute experimental colitis 2147:2172 acute experimental colitis 2147:2172 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 5 13 theme treated 1358:1364 arg1 mice 1366:1369 NAP treated mice 1354:1369 NAP treated mice 1354:1369 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 7 14 theme commensal 1933:1941 arg1 species 1943:1949 anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species 1895:1949 anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species 1895:1949 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 8 15 theme colitis 2166:2172 arg1 sequelae 2135:2142 intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae 2086:2142 intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis 2086:2172 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 2 16 theme acute 325:329 arg1 colitis 338:344 acute murine colitis 325:344 acute murine colitis 325:344 The aim of the present study was to investigate if NAP provides anti-inflammatory effects in acute murine colitis. 29288684 4 17 from mucosa 1055:1060 arg1 abundant 1031:1038 abundant 1031:1038 abundant 1031:1038 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 18 theme treated 902:908 arg1 mice 910:913 placebo treated mice 894:913 placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 894:1238 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 2 19 theme study 255:259 arg1 aim 236:238 The aim 232:238 The aim of the present study 232:259 The aim of the present study was to investigate if NAP provides anti-inflammatory effects in acute murine colitis. 29288684 5 20 located observed 1458:1465 arg2 levels 1442:1447 elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels 1409:1447 elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels 1409:1447 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 5 20 located observed 1458:1465 arg1 mice 1482:1485 NAP treated mice 1470:1485 NAP treated mice 1470:1485 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 8 21 theme novel 2190:2194 arg1 options 2206:2212 novel treatment options 2190:2212 novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans 2190:2258 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 7 22 theme even 2035:2038 arg1 controls 2046:2053 even naive controls 2035:2053 even naive controls 2035:2053 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 4 23 from abundant 1031:1038 arg1 mucosa 1055:1060 the colonic mucosa 1043:1060 the colonic mucosa 1043:1060 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 23 from abundant 1031:1038 arg1 propria 1073:1079 lamina propria 1066:1079 lamina propria 1066:1079 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 6 24 theme extra-intestinal 1601:1616 arg1 compartments 1618:1629 extra-intestinal compartments 1601:1629 extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys 1601:1649 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 6 24 theme extra-intestinal 1601:1616 arg1 kidneys 1643:1649 the kidneys 1639:1649 the kidneys 1639:1649 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 6 25 theme anti-inflammatory 1506:1522 arg1 restricted 1551:1560 restricted 1551:1560 restricted 1551:1560 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 6 25 theme anti-inflammatory 1506:1522 arg1 properties 1524:1533 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties 1493:1533 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP 1493:1540 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 8 26 theme intestinal 2217:2226 arg1 diseases 2241:2248 intestinal inflammatory diseases 2217:2248 intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans 2217:2258 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 7 27 theme placebo 2010:2016 arg1 mice 2026:2029 placebo treated mice 2010:2029 placebo treated mice 2010:2029 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 5 28 theme mesenteric 1243:1252 arg1 nodes 1260:1264 mesenteric lymph nodes 1243:1264 mesenteric lymph nodes 1243:1264 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 7 29 dep anti-inflammatory 1895:1911 arg1 health-promoting 1915:1930 health-promoting 1915:1930 health-promoting 1915:1930 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 4 30 theme lower 942:946 arg1 numbers 948:954 lower numbers 942:954 lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells 942:1024 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 30 theme lower 942:946 arg1 lymphocytes 991:1001 T lymphocytes 989:1001 T lymphocytes 989:1001 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 30 theme lower 942:946 arg1 cells 1020:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 5 31 theme elevated 1409:1416 arg1 levels 1442:1447 elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels 1409:1447 elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels 1409:1447 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 4 32 theme NAP 670:672 arg1 application 674:684 NAP application 670:684 NAP application 670:684 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 0 33 theme acute 92:96 arg1 colitis 111:117 acute experimental colitis 92:117 acute experimental colitis 92:117 The octapetide NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis. 29288684 7 34 theme anti-inflammatory 1895:1911 arg1 species 1943:1949 anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species 1895:1949 anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species 1895:1949 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 5 35 theme IL-10 1436:1440 arg1 levels 1442:1447 elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels 1409:1447 elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels 1409:1447 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 4 36 theme mediators 1183:1191 arg1 secretion 1153:1161 less colonic secretion 1140:1161 less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 1140:1238 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 0 37 theme colitis 111:117 arg1 sequelae 80:87 intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae 30:87 intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis 30:117 The octapetide NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis. 29288684 3 38 theme C57BL/6 j 364:372 arg1 mice 374:377 C57BL/6 j mice 364:377 C57BL/6 j mice 364:377 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 4 39 theme colitis 744:750 arg1 sequelae 732:739 macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae 704:739 macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis 704:750 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 7 40 theme bifidobacteria 1867:1880 arg1 loads 1858:1862 colonic luminal loads 1842:1862 colonic luminal loads 1842:1862 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 3 41 theme % 403:403 arg1 sodium 421:426 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium 400:426 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) 400:578 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 4 42 theme colonic 1145:1151 arg1 secretion 1153:1161 less colonic secretion 1140:1161 less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 1140:1238 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 43 theme T 989:989 arg1 lymphocytes 991:1001 T lymphocytes 989:1001 T lymphocytes 989:1001 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 5 44 theme NAP 1470:1472 arg1 mice 1482:1485 NAP treated mice 1470:1485 NAP treated mice 1470:1485 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 3 45 theme NaCl 524:527 arg1 % 532:532 NaCl 0.9% 524:532 NaCl 0.9% 524:532 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 3 45 theme NaCl 524:527 arg1 placebo 515:521 placebo 515:521 placebo (NaCl 0.9%) 515:533 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 8 46 theme diseases 2241:2248 arg1 options 2206:2212 novel treatment options 2190:2212 novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans 2190:2258 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 1 47 theme octapeptide 124:134 arg1 NAP 136:138 The octapeptide NAP 120:138 The octapeptide NAP 120:138 The octapeptide NAP has been shown to exert neuroprotective properties and reduce neuro-inflammatory responses. 29288684 8 48 from options 2206:2212 arg1 humans 2253:2258 humans 2253:2258 humans 2253:2258 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 4 49 from p.i. 1235:1238 arg1 IFN-γ 1203:1207 IFN-γ 1203:1207 IFN-γ 1203:1207 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 49 from p.i. 1235:1238 arg1 oxide 1220:1224 nitric oxide 1213:1224 nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 1213:1238 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 3 50 theme macroscopic 606:616 arg1 evaluations 649:659 depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations 600:659 depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations 600:659 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 5 51 theme pro-inflammatory 1267:1282 arg1 IFN-γ 1284:1288 pro-inflammatory IFN-γ 1267:1288 pro-inflammatory IFN-γ 1267:1288 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 0 52 theme intestinal 30:39 arg1 sequelae 80:87 intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae 30:87 intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis 30:117 The octapetide NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis. 29288684 7 53 theme distinct 1776:1783 arg1 changes 1785:1791 distinct changes 1776:1791 distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition 1776:1828 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 7 54 from changes 1785:1791 arg1 composition 1818:1828 intestinal microbiota composition 1796:1828 intestinal microbiota composition 1796:1828 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 4 55 theme immune 968:973 arg1 lymphocytes 991:1001 T lymphocytes 989:1001 T lymphocytes 989:1001 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 55 theme immune 968:973 arg1 cells 1020:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 55 theme immune 968:973 arg1 cells 975:979 adaptive immune cells 959:979 adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells 959:1024 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 6 56 theme treated 1699:1705 arg1 mice 1707:1710 placebo, but not NAP treated mice 1678:1710 placebo, but not NAP treated mice 1678:1710 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 4 57 theme higher 785:790 arg1 counts 792:797 apoptotic, but higher counts 770:797 apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 770:852 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 0 58 theme extra-intestinal 45:60 arg1 sequelae 80:87 intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae 30:87 intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis 30:117 The octapetide NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis. 29288684 4 59 theme nitric 1213:1218 arg1 oxide 1220:1224 nitric oxide 1213:1224 nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 1213:1238 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 60 theme lower 753:757 arg1 numbers 759:765 lower numbers 753:765 lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 753:852 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 7 61 theme intestinal 1796:1805 arg1 composition 1818:1828 intestinal microbiota composition 1796:1828 intestinal microbiota composition 1796:1828 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 3 62 dep induce 454:459 arg1 either 470:475 either 470:475 either 470:475 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 3 63 theme microscopic 619:629 arg1 evaluations 649:659 depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations 600:659 depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations 600:659 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 3 64 theme sulfate 413:419 arg1 sodium 421:426 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium 400:426 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) 400:578 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 4 65 theme epithelial 837:846 arg1 cells 848:852 proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 802:852 proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 802:852 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 66 theme T 1018:1018 arg1 cells 1020:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 5 67 theme day 1374:1376 arg1 p.i. 1380:1383 day 7 p.i. 1374:1383 day 7 p.i. 1374:1383 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 7 68 theme magnitude 1971:1979 arg1 orders 1961:1966 two orders 1957:1966 two orders of magnitude higher in NAP 1957:1993 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 2 69 theme anti-inflammatory 296:312 arg1 effects 314:320 anti-inflammatory effects 296:320 anti-inflammatory effects 296:320 The aim of the present study was to investigate if NAP provides anti-inflammatory effects in acute murine colitis. 29288684 1 70 theme neuro-inflammatory 202:219 arg1 responses 221:229 neuro-inflammatory responses 202:229 neuro-inflammatory responses 202:229 The octapeptide NAP has been shown to exert neuroprotective properties and reduce neuro-inflammatory responses. 29288684 4 71 theme counts 792:797 arg1 numbers 759:765 lower numbers 753:765 lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 753:852 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 8 72 theme pro-inflammatory 2118:2133 arg1 sequelae 2135:2142 intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae 2086:2142 intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis 2086:2172 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 4 73 theme NAP 1086:1088 arg1 treatment 1105:1113 NAP versus placebo treatment 1086:1113 treatment 1105:1113 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 5 74 theme NAP 1354:1356 arg1 mice 1366:1369 NAP treated mice 1354:1369 NAP treated mice 1354:1369 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 3 75 dep post-induction 558:571 arg1 p.i. 574:577 p.i. 574:577 p.i. 574:577 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 4 76 theme proliferating/regenerating 802:827 arg1 cells 848:852 proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 802:852 proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 802:852 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 77 located observed 863:870 arg1 NAP 875:877 NAP 875:877 NAP 875:877 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 77 located observed 863:870 arg2 numbers 759:765 lower numbers 753:765 lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 753:852 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 2 78 theme murine 331:336 arg1 colitis 338:344 acute murine colitis 325:344 acute murine colitis 325:344 The aim of the present study was to investigate if NAP provides anti-inflammatory effects in acute murine colitis. 29288684 8 79 theme experimental 2153:2164 arg1 colitis 2166:2172 acute experimental colitis 2147:2172 acute experimental colitis 2147:2172 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 4 80 theme colonic 1047:1053 arg1 mucosa 1055:1060 the colonic mucosa 1043:1060 the colonic mucosa 1043:1060 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 3 81 theme post-induction 558:571 arg1 day 552:554 day 6 post-induction (p.i.) 552:578 day 6 post-induction (p.i.) 552:578 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 7 82 theme " 1931:1931 arg1 species 1943:1949 anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species 1895:1949 anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species 1895:1949 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 4 83 theme placebo 894:900 arg1 mice 910:913 placebo treated mice 894:913 placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 894:1238 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 2 84 theme present 247:253 arg1 study 255:259 the present study 243:259 the present study 243:259 The aim of the present study was to investigate if NAP provides anti-inflammatory effects in acute murine colitis. 29288684 6 85 theme NAP 1538:1540 arg1 restricted 1551:1560 restricted 1551:1560 restricted 1551:1560 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 6 85 theme NAP 1538:1540 arg1 properties 1524:1533 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties 1493:1533 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP 1493:1540 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 4 86 dep clinical 722:729 arg1 i.e. 717:720 i.e. 717:720 i.e. 717:720 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 3 87 theme immunological 635:647 arg1 evaluations 649:659 depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations 600:659 depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations 600:659 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 7 88 theme naive 2040:2044 arg1 controls 2046:2053 even naive controls 2035:2053 even naive controls 2035:2053 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 8 89 theme treatment 2196:2204 arg1 options 2206:2212 novel treatment options 2190:2212 novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans 2190:2258 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 4 90 theme placebo 1097:1103 arg1 treatment 1105:1113 NAP versus placebo treatment 1086:1113 treatment 1105:1113 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 6 91 theme assessed 1497:1504 arg1 restricted 1551:1560 restricted 1551:1560 restricted 1551:1560 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 6 91 theme assessed 1497:1504 arg1 properties 1524:1533 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties 1493:1533 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP 1493:1540 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 7 92 theme treated 2018:2024 arg1 mice 2026:2029 placebo treated mice 2010:2029 placebo treated mice 2010:2029 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 0 93 theme experimental 98:109 arg1 colitis 111:117 acute experimental colitis 92:117 acute experimental colitis 92:117 The octapetide NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis. 29288684 1 94 theme neuroprotective 164:178 arg1 properties 180:189 neuroprotective properties 164:189 neuroprotective properties 164:189 The octapeptide NAP has been shown to exert neuroprotective properties and reduce neuro-inflammatory responses. 29288684 6 95 theme placebo 1678:1684 arg1 mice 1707:1710 placebo, but not NAP treated mice 1678:1710 placebo, but not NAP treated mice 1678:1710 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 5 96 theme anti-inflammatory 1418:1434 arg1 levels 1442:1447 elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels 1409:1447 elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels 1409:1447 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 3 97 from day 433:435 arg1 sodium 421:426 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium 400:426 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) 400:578 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 5 98 theme IFN-γ 1284:1288 arg1 concentrations 1304:1317 pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations 1267:1317 pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations 1267:1317 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 6 99 theme intestinal 1569:1578 arg1 tract 1580:1584 the intestinal tract 1565:1584 the intestinal tract 1565:1584 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 6 100 theme IFN-γ 1652:1656 arg1 levels 1658:1663 IFN-γ levels 1652:1663 IFN-γ levels 1652:1663 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 5 101 theme TNF 1291:1293 arg1 concentrations 1304:1317 pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations 1267:1317 pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations 1267:1317 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 0 102 theme octapetide 4:13 arg1 NAP 15:17 The octapetide NAP 0:17 The octapetide NAP 0:17 The octapetide NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis. 29288684 7 103 theme luminal 1850:1856 arg1 loads 1858:1862 colonic luminal loads 1842:1862 colonic luminal loads 1842:1862 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 4 104 theme cells 975:979 arg1 numbers 948:954 lower numbers 942:954 lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells 942:1024 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 104 theme cells 975:979 arg1 lymphocytes 991:1001 T lymphocytes 989:1001 T lymphocytes 989:1001 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 104 theme cells 975:979 arg1 cells 1020:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 105 theme pro-inflammatory 1166:1181 arg1 IFN-γ 1203:1207 IFN-γ 1203:1207 IFN-γ 1203:1207 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 105 theme pro-inflammatory 1166:1181 arg1 oxide 1220:1224 nitric oxide 1213:1224 nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 1213:1238 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 105 theme pro-inflammatory 1166:1181 arg1 mediators 1183:1191 pro-inflammatory mediators 1166:1191 pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 1166:1238 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 106 theme macroscopic 704:714 arg1 sequelae 732:739 macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae 704:739 macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis 704:750 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 5 107 theme lymph 1254:1258 arg1 nodes 1260:1264 mesenteric lymph nodes 1243:1264 mesenteric lymph nodes 1243:1264 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 5 108 dep increased 1324:1332 arg1 whereas 1386:1392 whereas 1386:1392 whereas 1386:1392 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 3 109 theme 3.5 400:402 arg1 % 403:403 % 403:403 % 403:403 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 6 110 theme colitis 1717:1723 arg1 induction 1725:1733 colitis induction 1717:1733 colitis induction 1717:1733 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 5 111 theme treated 1474:1480 arg1 mice 1482:1485 NAP treated mice 1470:1485 NAP treated mice 1470:1485 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 3 112 theme depth 600:604 arg1 evaluations 649:659 depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations 600:659 depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations 600:659 To address this, C57BL/6 j mice were challenged with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium from day 0 until day 6 to induce colitis, either treated intraperitoneally with NAP or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) from day 1 until day 6 post-induction (p.i.) and subjected to in depth macroscopic, microscopic and immunological evaluations. 29288684 8 113 theme inflammatory 2228:2239 arg1 diseases 2241:2248 intestinal inflammatory diseases 2217:2248 intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans 2217:2258 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 29288684 4 114 from propria 1073:1079 arg1 abundant 1031:1038 abundant 1031:1038 abundant 1031:1038 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 115 theme apoptotic 770:778 arg1 counts 792:797 apoptotic, but higher counts 770:797 apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells 770:852 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 0 116 theme anti-inflammatory 62:78 arg1 sequelae 80:87 intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae 30:87 intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis 30:117 The octapetide NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal anti-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis. 29288684 7 117 theme microbiota 1807:1816 arg1 composition 1818:1828 intestinal microbiota composition 1796:1828 intestinal microbiota composition 1796:1828 NAP induced effects were accompanied by distinct changes in intestinal microbiota composition, given that colonic luminal loads of bifidobacteria, regarded as anti-inflammatory, "health-promoting" commensal species, were two orders of magnitude higher in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice and even naive controls. 29288684 4 118 theme adaptive 959:966 arg1 lymphocytes 991:1001 T lymphocytes 989:1001 T lymphocytes 989:1001 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 118 theme adaptive 959:966 arg1 cells 1020:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 regulatory T cells 1007:1024 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 4 118 theme adaptive 959:966 arg1 cells 975:979 adaptive immune cells 959:979 adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells 959:1024 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 6 119 theme NAP 1695:1697 arg1 mice 1707:1710 placebo, but not NAP treated mice 1678:1710 placebo, but not NAP treated mice 1678:1710 The assessed anti-inflammatory properties of NAP were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that in extra-intestinal compartments such as the kidneys, IFN-γ levels increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice upon colitis induction. 29288684 4 120 theme day 1229:1231 arg1 p.i. 1235:1238 day 7 p.i. 1229:1238 day 7 p.i. 1229:1238 Whereas NAP application did not alleviate macroscopic (i.e. clinical) sequelae of colitis, lower numbers of apoptotic, but higher counts of proliferating/regenerating colonic epithelial cells could be observed in NAP as compared to placebo treated mice at day 7 p.i. Furthermore, lower numbers of adaptive immune cells such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were abundant in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria upon NAP versus placebo treatment that were accompanied by less colonic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and nitric oxide at day 7 p.i. 29288684 5 121 theme IL-6 1299:1302 arg1 concentrations 1304:1317 pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations 1267:1317 pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations 1267:1317 In mesenteric lymph nodes, pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, TNF and IL-6 concentrations were increased in placebo, but not NAP treated mice at day 7 p.i., whereas interestingly, elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels could be observed in NAP treated mice only. 29288684 8 122 from humans 2253:2258 arg1 options 2206:2212 novel treatment options 2190:2212 novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans 2190:2258 In conclusion, NAP alleviates intestinal and extra-intestinal pro-inflammatory sequelae of acute experimental colitis and may provide novel treatment options of intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. 24262411 0 0 theme oligosaccharide 78:92 arg1 evaluation 20:29 Pre-clinical safety evaluation 0:29 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk 0:57 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 0 0 theme oligosaccharide 78:92 arg1 FL 117:118 2'FL 115:118 2'FL 115:118 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 0 0 theme oligosaccharide 78:92 arg1 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 94:112 oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 78:112 oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) 78:119 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 7 1 theme clinical 1075:1082 arg1 gain 1110:1113 body weight gain 1098:1113 body weight gain 1098:1113 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 1 theme clinical 1075:1082 arg1 findings 1203:1210 histopathology findings 1188:1210 histopathology findings 1188:1210 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 1 theme clinical 1075:1082 arg1 pathology 1159:1167 clinical pathology 1150:1167 clinical pathology 1150:1167 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 1 theme clinical 1075:1082 arg1 observations 1084:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 1 theme clinical 1075:1082 arg1 consumption 1121:1131 food consumption 1116:1131 food consumption 1116:1131 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 1 theme clinical 1075:1082 arg1 ophthalmoscopy 1134:1147 ophthalmoscopy 1134:1147 ophthalmoscopy 1134:1147 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 1 theme clinical 1075:1082 arg1 weights 1176:1182 organ weights 1170:1182 organ weights 1170:1182 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 2 theme weight 1103:1108 arg1 observations 1084:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 2 theme weight 1103:1108 arg1 gain 1110:1113 body weight gain 1098:1113 body weight gain 1098:1113 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 4 3 from profile 560:566 arg1 representative 579:592 a model representative 571:592 a model representative of the intended target population 571:626 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 8 4 theme mg/kgbw/day 1292:1302 arg1 NOAEL 1277:1281 NOAEL 1277:1281 NOAEL 1277:1281 Based on this 90-day study, a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats was established for 2'FL. 24262411 8 4 theme mg/kgbw/day 1292:1302 arg1 Level 1270:1274 a No Observed Adverse Effect Level 1241:1274 a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats 1241:1332 Based on this 90-day study, a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats was established for 2'FL. 24262411 1 5 theme supplement 213:222 arg1 formula 242:248 supplement commercial infant formula 213:248 supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides 213:348 In order to match the composition of human breast milk more closely, it is now possible to supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides. 24262411 7 6 theme histopathology 1188:1201 arg1 observations 1084:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 6 theme histopathology 1188:1201 arg1 findings 1203:1210 histopathology findings 1188:1210 histopathology findings 1188:1210 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 6 7 dep in 941:942 arg1 vitro 944:948 vitro 944:948 vitro 944:948 2'FL was non-mutagenic in the in vitro assays. 24262411 7 8 theme organ 1170:1174 arg1 observations 1084:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 8 theme organ 1170:1174 arg1 weights 1176:1182 organ weights 1170:1182 organ weights 1170:1182 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 1 9 theme commercial 224:233 arg1 formula 242:248 supplement commercial infant formula 213:248 supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides 213:348 In order to match the composition of human breast milk more closely, it is now possible to supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides. 24262411 1 10 theme human 322:326 arg1 oligosaccharides 333:348 human milk oligosaccharides 322:348 human milk oligosaccharides 322:348 In order to match the composition of human breast milk more closely, it is now possible to supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides. 24262411 3 11 theme genotoxicity 492:503 arg1 tests 505:509 Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests 474:509 Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests 474:509 Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests were performed. 24262411 1 12 theme infant 235:240 arg1 formula 242:248 supplement commercial infant formula 213:248 supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides 213:348 In order to match the composition of human breast milk more closely, it is now possible to supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides. 24262411 7 13 theme adverse 1050:1056 arg1 effects 1058:1064 any adverse effects 1046:1064 any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings 1046:1210 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 1 14 theme milk 328:331 arg1 oligosaccharides 333:348 human milk oligosaccharides 322:348 human milk oligosaccharides 322:348 In order to match the composition of human breast milk more closely, it is now possible to supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides. 24262411 6 15 from assays 950:955 arg1 non-mutagenic 920:932 non-mutagenic 920:932 non-mutagenic 920:932 2'FL was non-mutagenic in the in vitro assays. 24262411 3 16 theme Standard 474:481 arg1 tests 505:509 Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests 474:509 Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests 474:509 Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests were performed. 24262411 1 17 theme human 159:163 arg1 milk 172:175 human breast milk 159:175 human breast milk 159:175 In order to match the composition of human breast milk more closely, it is now possible to supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides. 24262411 4 18 theme population 617:626 arg1 representative 579:592 a model representative 571:592 a model representative of the intended target population 571:626 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 4 19 theme mg/kgbw/day 747:757 arg1 levels 714:719 dose levels 709:719 dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day 709:757 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 6 20 from non-mutagenic 920:932 arg1 assays 950:955 the in vitro assays 937:955 the in vitro assays 937:955 2'FL was non-mutagenic in the in vitro assays. 24262411 3 21 theme in 483:484 arg1 tests 505:509 Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests 474:509 Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests 474:509 Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests were performed. 24262411 9 22 from use 1425:1427 arg1 food 1439:1442 infant food 1432:1442 infant food 1432:1442 These findings support the safety of synthetic 2'FL for possible use in infant food. 24262411 4 23 theme target 610:615 arg1 population 617:626 the intended target population 597:626 the intended target population 597:626 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 0 24 theme safety 13:18 arg1 evaluation 20:29 Pre-clinical safety evaluation 0:29 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk 0:57 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 0 24 theme safety 13:18 arg1 nature-identical 60:75 nature-identical 60:75 nature-identical 60:75 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 0 24 theme safety 13:18 arg1 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 94:112 oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 78:112 oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) 78:119 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 7 25 theme Oral 958:961 arg1 administration 963:976 Oral administration 958:976 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days 958:1020 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 4 26 theme adapted 676:682 arg1 study 700:704 a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study 665:704 a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study 665:704 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 2 27 theme safety 355:360 arg1 data 362:365 The safety data 351:365 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), 351:457 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), are presented. 24262411 0 28 theme Pre-clinical 0:11 arg1 evaluation 20:29 Pre-clinical safety evaluation 0:29 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk 0:57 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 0 28 theme Pre-clinical 0:11 arg1 nature-identical 60:75 nature-identical 60:75 nature-identical 60:75 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 0 28 theme Pre-clinical 0:11 arg1 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 94:112 oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 78:112 oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) 78:119 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 1 29 with formula 242:248 arg1 oligosaccharides 272:287 synthesised oligosaccharides 260:287 synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides 260:348 In order to match the composition of human breast milk more closely, it is now possible to supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides. 24262411 4 30 theme juvenile 667:674 arg1 study 700:704 a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study 665:704 a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study 665:704 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 1 31 theme breast 165:170 arg1 milk 172:175 human breast milk 159:175 human breast milk 159:175 In order to match the composition of human breast milk more closely, it is now possible to supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides. 24262411 9 32 theme possible 1416:1423 arg1 use 1425:1427 possible use 1416:1427 possible use in infant food 1416:1442 These findings support the safety of synthetic 2'FL for possible use in infant food. 24262411 4 33 theme rat 696:698 arg1 study 700:704 a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study 665:704 a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study 665:704 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 2 34 theme human-identical 386:400 arg1 HiMO 424:427 HiMO 424:427 HiMO 424:427 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), are presented. 24262411 2 34 theme human-identical 386:400 arg1 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 431:449 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 431:449 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) 431:456 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), are presented. 24262411 2 34 theme human-identical 386:400 arg1 oligosaccharide 407:421 a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide 380:421 a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 380:428 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), are presented. 24262411 2 35 theme milk 402:405 arg1 HiMO 424:427 HiMO 424:427 HiMO 424:427 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), are presented. 24262411 2 35 theme milk 402:405 arg1 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 431:449 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 431:449 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) 431:456 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), are presented. 24262411 2 35 theme milk 402:405 arg1 oligosaccharide 407:421 a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide 380:421 a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 380:428 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), are presented. 24262411 5 36 theme reference 862:870 arg1 Fructooligosaccharide 760:780 Fructooligosaccharide 760:780 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) 760:786 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), currently acknowledged as safe and approved for use in IF, was used as a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 5 36 theme reference 862:870 arg1 control 882:888 a reference high-dose control 860:888 a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day 860:908 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), currently acknowledged as safe and approved for use in IF, was used as a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 4 37 theme sub-chronic 684:694 arg1 study 700:704 a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study 665:704 a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study 665:704 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 2 38 theme new 382:384 arg1 HiMO 424:427 HiMO 424:427 HiMO 424:427 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), are presented. 24262411 2 38 theme new 382:384 arg1 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 431:449 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 431:449 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) 431:456 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), are presented. 24262411 2 38 theme new 382:384 arg1 oligosaccharide 407:421 a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide 380:421 a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 380:428 The safety data generated on a new human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO), 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL), are presented. 24262411 0 39 theme synthetic 38:46 arg1 milk 54:57 the synthetic human milk 34:57 the synthetic human milk 34:57 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 5 40 from mg/kgbw/day 898:908 arg1 Fructooligosaccharide 760:780 Fructooligosaccharide 760:780 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) 760:786 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), currently acknowledged as safe and approved for use in IF, was used as a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 5 40 from mg/kgbw/day 898:908 arg1 control 882:888 a reference high-dose control 860:888 a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day 860:908 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), currently acknowledged as safe and approved for use in IF, was used as a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 7 41 theme clinical 1150:1157 arg1 observations 1084:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 41 theme clinical 1150:1157 arg1 pathology 1159:1167 clinical pathology 1150:1167 clinical pathology 1150:1167 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 8 42 theme Observed 1246:1253 arg1 Effect 1263:1268 No Observed Adverse Effect 1243:1268 a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats 1241:1332 Based on this 90-day study, a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats was established for 2'FL. 24262411 6 43 theme in 941:942 arg1 assays 950:955 the in vitro assays 937:955 the in vitro assays 937:955 2'FL was non-mutagenic in the in vitro assays. 24262411 4 44 theme intended 601:608 arg1 population 617:626 the intended target population 597:626 the intended target population 597:626 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 5 45 used used 852:855 arg2 control 882:888 a reference high-dose control 860:888 a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day 860:908 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), currently acknowledged as safe and approved for use in IF, was used as a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 5 45 used used 852:855 arg2 FOS 783:785 FOS 783:785 FOS 783:785 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), currently acknowledged as safe and approved for use in IF, was used as a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 5 45 used used 852:855 arg2 Fructooligosaccharide 760:780 Fructooligosaccharide 760:780 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) 760:786 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), currently acknowledged as safe and approved for use in IF, was used as a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 9 46 theme FL 1409:1410 arg1 safety 1387:1392 the safety 1383:1392 the safety of synthetic 2'FL for possible use in infant food 1383:1442 These findings support the safety of synthetic 2'FL for possible use in infant food. 24262411 0 47 theme milk 54:57 arg1 evaluation 20:29 Pre-clinical safety evaluation 0:29 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk 0:57 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 0 47 theme milk 54:57 arg1 nature-identical 60:75 nature-identical 60:75 nature-identical 60:75 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 0 47 theme milk 54:57 arg1 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 94:112 oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose 78:112 oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) 78:119 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 1 48 theme synthesised 260:270 arg1 oligosaccharides 272:287 synthesised oligosaccharides 260:287 synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides 260:348 In order to match the composition of human breast milk more closely, it is now possible to supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides. 24262411 7 49 theme body 1098:1101 arg1 observations 1084:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 49 theme body 1098:1101 arg1 gain 1110:1113 body weight gain 1098:1113 body weight gain 1098:1113 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 8 50 theme Effect 1263:1268 arg1 NOAEL 1277:1281 NOAEL 1277:1281 NOAEL 1277:1281 Based on this 90-day study, a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats was established for 2'FL. 24262411 8 50 theme Effect 1263:1268 arg1 Level 1270:1274 a No Observed Adverse Effect Level 1241:1274 a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats 1241:1332 Based on this 90-day study, a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats was established for 2'FL. 24262411 8 51 theme 90-day 1227:1232 arg1 study 1234:1238 this 90-day study 1222:1238 this 90-day study 1222:1238 Based on this 90-day study, a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats was established for 2'FL. 24262411 0 52 theme human 48:52 arg1 milk 54:57 the synthetic human milk 34:57 the synthetic human milk 34:57 Pre-clinical safety evaluation of the synthetic human milk, nature-identical, oligosaccharide 2'-O-Fucosyllactose (2'FL). 24262411 8 53 theme male 1313:1316 arg1 rats 1329:1332 both male and female rats 1308:1332 both male and female rats 1308:1332 Based on this 90-day study, a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats was established for 2'FL. 24262411 8 54 theme Adverse 1255:1261 arg1 Effect 1263:1268 No Observed Adverse Effect 1243:1268 a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats 1241:1332 Based on this 90-day study, a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats was established for 2'FL. 24262411 3 55 dep in 483:484 arg1 vitro 486:490 vitro 486:490 vitro 486:490 Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests were performed. 24262411 9 56 theme synthetic 1397:1405 arg1 FL 1409:1410 synthetic 2'FL 1397:1410 synthetic 2'FL 1397:1410 These findings support the safety of synthetic 2'FL for possible use in infant food. 24262411 4 57 theme dose 709:712 arg1 levels 714:719 dose levels 709:719 dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day 709:757 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 8 58 theme female 1322:1327 arg1 rats 1329:1332 both male and female rats 1308:1332 both male and female rats 1308:1332 Based on this 90-day study, a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 5000 mg/kgbw/day for both male and female rats was established for 2'FL. 24262411 7 59 theme food 1116:1119 arg1 observations 1084:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 clinical observations 1075:1095 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 59 theme food 1116:1119 arg1 consumption 1121:1131 food consumption 1116:1131 food consumption 1116:1131 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 7 60 dep mg/kgbw/day 989:999 arg1 up 978:979 up 978:979 up 978:979 Oral administration up to 5000 mg/kgbw/day to rats over 90 days was not associated with any adverse effects based on clinical observations, body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, clinical pathology, organ weights and histopathology findings. 24262411 9 61 theme infant 1432:1437 arg1 food 1439:1442 infant food 1432:1442 infant food 1432:1442 These findings support the safety of synthetic 2'FL for possible use in infant food. 24262411 1 62 theme milk 172:175 arg1 composition 144:154 the composition 140:154 the composition of human breast milk 140:175 In order to match the composition of human breast milk more closely, it is now possible to supplement commercial infant formula (IF) with synthesised oligosaccharides that are chemically identical to human milk oligosaccharides. 24262411 4 63 theme model 573:577 arg1 representative 579:592 a model representative 571:592 a model representative of the intended target population 571:626 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 4 64 theme toxicological 546:558 arg1 profile 560:566 the toxicological profile 542:566 the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population 542:626 To investigate the toxicological profile in a model representative of the intended target population, 2'FL was administered via gavage in a juvenile adapted sub-chronic rat study at dose levels of 0, 2000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 5 65 theme high-dose 872:880 arg1 Fructooligosaccharide 760:780 Fructooligosaccharide 760:780 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) 760:786 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), currently acknowledged as safe and approved for use in IF, was used as a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 24262411 5 65 theme high-dose 872:880 arg1 control 882:888 a reference high-dose control 860:888 a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day 860:908 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), currently acknowledged as safe and approved for use in IF, was used as a reference high-dose control at 6000 mg/kgbw/day. 28694530 4 0 theme fibre 891:895 arg1 crop 897:900 a fibre crop 889:900 a fibre crop of great importance 889:920 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 0 theme fibre 891:895 arg1 hemp 862:865 textile hemp 854:865 textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) 854:886 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 2 1 theme cellulose 520:528 arg1 abundance 495:503 a high abundance 488:503 a high abundance of crystalline cellulose 488:528 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 6 2 theme developmental 986:998 arg1 stages 1000:1005 The developmental stages 982:1005 The developmental stages corresponding to active elongation and cell wall thickening 982:1065 The developmental stages corresponding to active elongation and cell wall thickening have been studied using RNA-Seq. 28694530 1 3 theme secondary 249:257 arg1 walls 264:268 their secondary cell walls 243:268 their secondary cell walls 243:268 Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. 28694530 4 4 theme Cannabis 868:875 arg1 L. 884:885 Cannabis sativa L. 868:885 Cannabis sativa L. 868:885 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 4 theme Cannabis 868:875 arg1 hemp 862:865 textile hemp 854:865 textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) 854:886 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 2 5 theme crystalline 508:518 arg1 cellulose 520:528 crystalline cellulose 508:528 crystalline cellulose 508:528 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 8 6 theme functional 1406:1415 arg1 analysis 1417:1424 future functional analysis 1399:1424 future functional analysis 1399:1424 The data generated also identify several interesting candidates for future functional analysis. 28694530 6 7 theme wall 1051:1054 arg1 thickening 1056:1065 cell wall thickening 1046:1065 cell wall thickening 1046:1065 The developmental stages corresponding to active elongation and cell wall thickening have been studied using RNA-Seq. 28694530 1 8 theme cell 259:262 arg1 walls 264:268 their secondary cell walls 243:268 their secondary cell walls 243:268 Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. 28694530 7 9 theme snap 1319:1322 arg1 point 1324:1328 the snap point 1315:1328 the snap point 1315:1328 The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. 28694530 2 10 located found 415:419 arg1 fibres 475:480 hemp bast fibres 465:480 hemp bast fibres 465:480 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 2 10 located found 415:419 arg1 wood 432:435 tension wood 424:435 tension wood 424:435 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 2 10 located found 415:419 arg1 ramie 455:459 ramie 455:459 ramie 455:459 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 2 10 located found 415:419 arg1 flax 449:452 flax 449:452 flax 449:452 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 2 10 located found 415:419 arg2 latter 407:412 latter 407:412 latter 407:412 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 1 11 theme walls 264:268 arg1 composition 228:238 the composition 224:238 the composition of their secondary cell walls 224:268 Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. 28694530 8 12 theme interesting 1372:1382 arg1 candidates 1384:1393 several interesting candidates 1364:1393 several interesting candidates for future functional analysis 1364:1424 The data generated also identify several interesting candidates for future functional analysis. 28694530 2 13 theme high 367:370 arg1 degree 372:377 a high degree 365:377 a high degree of lignification 365:394 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 4 14 theme sativa 877:882 arg1 L. 884:885 Cannabis sativa L. 868:885 Cannabis sativa L. 868:885 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 14 theme sativa 877:882 arg1 hemp 862:865 textile hemp 854:865 textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) 854:886 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 1 15 theme Bast 80:83 arg1 cells 113:117 long extraxylary cells 96:117 long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem 96:155 Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. 28694530 1 15 theme Bast 80:83 arg1 fibres 85:90 Bast fibres 80:90 Bast fibres 80:90 Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. 28694530 3 16 theme intrusive 652:660 arg1 growth 662:667 intrusive growth 652:667 intrusive growth 652:667 During their differentiation, bast fibres undergo specific developmental stages: the cells initially elongate rapidly by intrusive growth, subsequently they cease elongation and start to thicken. 28694530 4 17 theme transcriptomic 773:786 arg1 close-up 788:795 a transcriptomic close-up 771:795 a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance 771:920 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 2 18 theme bast 305:308 arg1 fibres 310:315 jute/kenaf bast fibres 294:315 jute/kenaf bast fibres 294:315 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 4 19 theme events 808:813 arg1 close-up 788:795 a transcriptomic close-up 771:795 a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance 771:920 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 0 20 theme Transcriptomic 0:13 arg1 profiling 15:23 Transcriptomic profiling 0:23 Transcriptomic profiling of hemp 0:31 Transcriptomic profiling of hemp bast fibres at different developmental stages. 28694530 8 21 theme future 1399:1404 arg1 analysis 1417:1424 future functional analysis 1399:1424 future functional analysis 1399:1424 The data generated also identify several interesting candidates for future functional analysis. 28694530 4 22 theme importance 911:920 arg1 crop 897:900 a fibre crop 889:900 a fibre crop of great importance 889:920 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 22 theme importance 911:920 arg1 hemp 862:865 textile hemp 854:865 textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) 854:886 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 2 23 theme jute/kenaf 294:303 arg1 fibres 310:315 jute/kenaf bast fibres 294:315 jute/kenaf bast fibres 294:315 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 2 24 contain have 483:486 arg1 latter 407:412 latter 407:412 latter 407:412 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 2 24 contain have 483:486 arg2 abundance 495:503 a high abundance 488:503 a high abundance of crystalline cellulose 488:528 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 2 25 theme xylan 355:359 arg1 presence 343:350 the presence 339:350 the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification 339:394 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 0 26 theme hemp 28:31 arg1 profiling 15:23 Transcriptomic profiling 0:23 Transcriptomic profiling of hemp 0:31 Transcriptomic profiling of hemp bast fibres at different developmental stages. 28694530 7 27 contain containing 1304:1313 arg2 point 1324:1328 the snap point 1315:1328 the snap point 1315:1328 The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. 28694530 7 27 contain containing 1304:1313 arg1 internode 1294:1302 the internode 1290:1302 the internode containing the snap point 1290:1328 The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. 28694530 8 28 theme several 1364:1370 arg1 candidates 1384:1393 several interesting candidates 1364:1393 several interesting candidates for future functional analysis 1364:1424 The data generated also identify several interesting candidates for future functional analysis. 28694530 1 29 theme long 96:99 arg1 cells 113:117 long extraxylary cells 96:117 long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem 96:155 Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. 28694530 1 29 theme long 96:99 arg1 fibres 85:90 Bast fibres 80:90 Bast fibres 80:90 Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. 28694530 6 30 theme active 1024:1029 arg1 elongation 1031:1040 active elongation 1024:1040 active elongation 1024:1040 The developmental stages corresponding to active elongation and cell wall thickening have been studied using RNA-Seq. 28694530 5 31 theme stem 968:971 arg1 regions 973:979 different stem regions 958:979 different stem regions 958:979 Bast fibres have been sampled from different stem regions. 28694530 1 32 theme extraxylary 101:111 arg1 cells 113:117 long extraxylary cells 96:117 long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem 96:155 Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. 28694530 1 32 theme extraxylary 101:111 arg1 fibres 85:90 Bast fibres 80:90 Bast fibres 80:90 Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. 28694530 2 33 theme lignification 382:394 arg1 xylan 355:359 xylan 355:359 xylan 355:359 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 2 33 theme lignification 382:394 arg1 degree 372:377 a high degree 365:377 a high degree of lignification 365:394 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 7 34 theme specific 1184:1191 arg1 signature 1208:1216 a specific transcriptomic signature 1182:1216 a specific transcriptomic signature 1182:1216 The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. 28694530 2 35 theme bast 470:473 arg1 fibres 475:480 hemp bast fibres 465:480 hemp bast fibres 465:480 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 3 36 theme specific 581:588 arg1 stages 604:609 specific developmental stages 581:609 specific developmental stages 581:609 During their differentiation, bast fibres undergo specific developmental stages: the cells initially elongate rapidly by intrusive growth, subsequently they cease elongation and start to thicken. 28694530 4 37 theme present 743:749 arg1 study 751:755 the present study 739:755 the present study 739:755 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 7 38 theme major 1231:1235 arg1 changes 1237:1243 the major changes 1227:1243 the major changes in cell wall-related processes 1227:1274 The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. 28694530 7 39 theme transcriptomic 1193:1206 arg1 signature 1208:1216 a specific transcriptomic signature 1182:1216 a specific transcriptomic signature 1182:1216 The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. 28694530 2 40 theme tension 424:430 arg1 wood 432:435 tension wood 424:435 tension wood 424:435 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 4 41 theme great 905:909 arg1 importance 911:920 great importance 905:920 great importance 905:920 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 2 42 theme hemp 465:468 arg1 fibres 475:480 hemp bast fibres 465:480 hemp bast fibres 465:480 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 3 43 theme bast 561:564 arg1 fibres 566:571 bast fibres 561:571 bast fibres 561:571 During their differentiation, bast fibres undergo specific developmental stages: the cells initially elongate rapidly by intrusive growth, subsequently they cease elongation and start to thicken. 28694530 5 44 theme Bast 923:926 arg1 fibres 928:933 Bast fibres 923:933 Bast fibres 923:933 Bast fibres have been sampled from different stem regions. 28694530 2 45 theme degree 372:377 arg1 presence 343:350 the presence 339:350 the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification 339:394 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 0 46 theme different 48:56 arg1 stages 72:77 different developmental stages 48:77 different developmental stages 48:77 Transcriptomic profiling of hemp bast fibres at different developmental stages. 28694530 4 47 from development 839:849 arg1 crop 897:900 a fibre crop 889:900 a fibre crop of great importance 889:920 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 47 from development 839:849 arg1 L. 884:885 Cannabis sativa L. 868:885 Cannabis sativa L. 868:885 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 47 from development 839:849 arg1 hemp 862:865 textile hemp 854:865 textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) 854:886 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 6 48 theme cell 1046:1049 arg1 thickening 1056:1065 cell wall thickening 1046:1065 cell wall thickening 1046:1065 The developmental stages corresponding to active elongation and cell wall thickening have been studied using RNA-Seq. 28694530 4 49 theme textile 854:860 arg1 crop 897:900 a fibre crop 889:900 a fibre crop of great importance 889:920 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 49 theme textile 854:860 arg1 L. 884:885 Cannabis sativa L. 868:885 Cannabis sativa L. 868:885 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 49 theme textile 854:860 arg1 hemp 862:865 textile hemp 854:865 textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) 854:886 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 2 50 theme high 490:493 arg1 abundance 495:503 a high abundance 488:503 a high abundance of crystalline cellulose 488:528 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 7 51 theme stem 1149:1152 arg1 region 1154:1159 each stem region 1144:1159 each stem region 1144:1159 The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. 28694530 4 52 theme study 751:755 arg1 goal 731:734 The goal 727:734 The goal of the present study 727:755 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 53 theme key 804:806 arg1 events 808:813 the key events 800:813 the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance 800:920 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 54 theme fibre 833:837 arg1 development 839:849 bast fibre development 828:849 bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance 828:920 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 4 55 theme bast 828:831 arg1 development 839:849 bast fibre development 828:849 bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance 828:920 The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. 28694530 3 56 theme developmental 590:602 arg1 stages 604:609 specific developmental stages 581:609 specific developmental stages 581:609 During their differentiation, bast fibres undergo specific developmental stages: the cells initially elongate rapidly by intrusive growth, subsequently they cease elongation and start to thicken. 28694530 2 57 theme fibres 310:315 arg1 typical 283:289 typical 283:289 typical 283:289 The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. 28694530 5 58 theme different 958:966 arg1 regions 973:979 different stem regions 958:979 different stem regions 958:979 Bast fibres have been sampled from different stem regions. 28694530 7 59 theme cell 1248:1251 arg1 processes 1266:1274 cell wall-related processes 1248:1274 cell wall-related processes 1248:1274 The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. 28694530 0 60 theme developmental 58:70 arg1 stages 72:77 different developmental stages 48:77 different developmental stages 48:77 Transcriptomic profiling of hemp bast fibres at different developmental stages. 28694530 7 61 theme wall-related 1253:1264 arg1 processes 1266:1274 cell wall-related processes 1248:1274 cell wall-related processes 1248:1274 The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. 28694530 7 62 from changes 1237:1243 arg1 processes 1266:1274 cell wall-related processes 1248:1274 cell wall-related processes 1248:1274 The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. 27251857 7 0 link non-cross-linked 1014:1029 arg1 chitosan 1031:1038 non-cross-linked chitosan 1014:1038 non-cross-linked chitosan for 6 and 24 h 1014:1053 Different doses of the MNPs (1, 10 and 100 μg/mL) were assayed, revealing that MNPs coated with non-cross-linked chitosan for 6 and 24 h did not affect neither NO production nor cell viability. 27251857 1 1 theme biomedical 241:250 arg1 field 252:256 the biomedical field 237:256 the biomedical field 237:256 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems. 27251857 10 2 theme MNPs 1477:1480 arg1 injection 1460:1468 an intraperitoneal injection 1441:1468 an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely 1441:1496 The study of the acute tissue distribution was performed acutely in mice after 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely, after 28 days of weekly administration. 27251857 11 3 theme initial 1577:1583 arg1 clearance 1585:1593 the initial clearance 1573:1593 the initial clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in liver 1573:1642 Both formulations greatly avoided the initial clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in liver. 27251857 3 4 from assays 527:532 arg1 effects 541:547 the effects 537:547 the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice 537:655 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 3 5 from distribution 636:647 arg1 mice 652:655 mice 652:655 mice 652:655 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 8 6 with treatment 1186:1194 arg1 dose 1213:1216 the highest dose 1201:1216 the highest dose of this nanocarrier 1201:1236 However, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed after 36 h treatment with the highest dose of this nanocarrier. 27251857 5 7 theme major 846:850 arg1 markers 852:858 the major markers 842:858 the major markers of ECs function 842:874 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs was determined, considering that endothelial NO represents one of the major markers of ECs function. 27251857 8 8 from decrease 1135:1142 arg1 viability 1152:1160 cell viability 1147:1160 cell viability 1147:1160 However, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed after 36 h treatment with the highest dose of this nanocarrier. 27251857 8 9 theme 36 1181:1182 arg1 h 1184:1184 h 1184:1184 h 1184:1184 However, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed after 36 h treatment with the highest dose of this nanocarrier. 27251857 3 10 theme aortic 570:575 arg1 ECs 596:598 ECs 596:598 ECs 596:598 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 3 10 theme aortic 570:575 arg1 cells 589:593 rat aortic endothelial cells 566:593 rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability 566:609 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 8 11 theme significant 1123:1133 arg1 decrease 1135:1142 a significant decrease 1121:1142 a significant decrease in cell viability 1121:1160 However, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed after 36 h treatment with the highest dose of this nanocarrier. 27251857 12 12 theme Biological 1645:1654 arg1 properties 1656:1665 Biological properties 1645:1665 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays 1645:1709 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 4 13 theme nanoparticles 725:737 arg1 properties 707:716 the physicochemical properties 687:716 the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles 687:737 Results were correlated with the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. 27251857 7 14 theme non-cross-linked 1014:1029 arg1 chitosan 1031:1038 non-cross-linked chitosan 1014:1038 non-cross-linked chitosan for 6 and 24 h 1014:1053 Different doses of the MNPs (1, 10 and 100 μg/mL) were assayed, revealing that MNPs coated with non-cross-linked chitosan for 6 and 24 h did not affect neither NO production nor cell viability. 27251857 4 15 theme physicochemical 691:705 arg1 properties 707:716 the physicochemical properties 687:716 the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles 687:737 Results were correlated with the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. 27251857 10 16 theme weekly 1516:1521 arg1 administration 1523:1536 weekly administration 1516:1536 weekly administration 1516:1536 The study of the acute tissue distribution was performed acutely in mice after 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely, after 28 days of weekly administration. 27251857 10 17 dep MNPs 1477:1480 arg1 the 1473:1475 the 1473:1475 the 1473:1475 The study of the acute tissue distribution was performed acutely in mice after 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely, after 28 days of weekly administration. 27251857 3 18 theme cells 589:593 arg1 viability 601:609 rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability 566:609 rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability 566:609 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 6 19 theme MTT 907:909 arg1 assay 911:915 MTT assay 907:915 MTT assay 907:915 Cell viability was studied by MTT assay. 27251857 0 20 theme endothelial 59:69 arg1 cells 71:75 endothelial cells 59:75 endothelial cells 59:75 Influence of chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution. 27251857 0 21 theme chitosan 13:20 arg1 coating 22:28 chitosan coating 13:28 chitosan coating 13:28 Influence of chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution. 27251857 5 22 theme function 867:874 arg1 markers 852:858 the major markers 842:858 the major markers of ECs function 842:874 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs was determined, considering that endothelial NO represents one of the major markers of ECs function. 27251857 3 23 from effects 541:547 arg1 viability 601:609 rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability 566:609 rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability 566:609 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 3 23 from effects 541:547 arg1 distribution 636:647 the random tissue distribution 618:647 the random tissue distribution in mice 618:655 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 11 24 theme reticuloendothelial 1602:1620 arg1 RES 1630:1632 RES 1630:1632 RES 1630:1632 Both formulations greatly avoided the initial clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in liver. 27251857 11 24 theme reticuloendothelial 1602:1620 arg1 system 1622:1627 the reticuloendothelial system 1598:1627 the reticuloendothelial system (RES) 1598:1633 Both formulations greatly avoided the initial clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in liver. 27251857 0 25 from Influence 0:8 arg1 nanoparticles 42:54 magnetic nanoparticles 33:54 magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution 33:108 Influence of chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution. 27251857 0 26 theme tissue 87:92 arg1 biodistribution 94:108 acute tissue biodistribution 81:108 acute tissue biodistribution 81:108 Influence of chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution. 27251857 12 27 theme drug 1843:1846 arg1 delivery 1848:1855 targeted drug delivery 1834:1855 targeted drug delivery 1834:1855 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 3 28 dep in 506:507 arg1 vitro 509:513 vitro 509:513 vitro 509:513 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 0 29 from nanoparticles 42:54 arg1 biodistribution 94:108 acute tissue biodistribution 81:108 acute tissue biodistribution 81:108 Influence of chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution. 27251857 0 29 from nanoparticles 42:54 arg1 cells 71:75 endothelial cells 59:75 endothelial cells 59:75 Influence of chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution. 27251857 10 30 theme distribution 1384:1395 arg1 study 1358:1362 The study 1354:1362 The study of the acute tissue distribution 1354:1395 The study of the acute tissue distribution was performed acutely in mice after 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely, after 28 days of weekly administration. 27251857 5 31 theme oxide 747:751 arg1 production 758:767 Nitric oxide (NO) production 740:767 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs 740:774 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs was determined, considering that endothelial NO represents one of the major markers of ECs function. 27251857 0 32 theme magnetic 33:40 arg1 nanoparticles 42:54 magnetic nanoparticles 33:54 magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution 33:108 Influence of chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution. 27251857 10 33 theme acute 1371:1375 arg1 distribution 1384:1395 the acute tissue distribution 1367:1395 the acute tissue distribution 1367:1395 The study of the acute tissue distribution was performed acutely in mice after 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely, after 28 days of weekly administration. 27251857 2 34 theme biopolymer 381:390 arg1 chitosan 392:399 the biopolymer chitosan 377:399 the biopolymer chitosan 377:399 Composition of MNPs consists of magnetite functionalized with oleic acid and coated with the biopolymer chitosan or glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan. 27251857 1 35 theme drug-targeted 261:273 arg1 nanosystems 275:285 drug-targeted nanosystems 261:285 drug-targeted nanosystems 261:285 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems. 27251857 12 36 theme promising 1812:1820 arg1 nanosystems 1797:1807 these magnetic nanosystems 1782:1807 these magnetic nanosystems 1782:1807 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 12 36 theme promising 1812:1820 arg1 devices 1822:1828 promising devices 1812:1828 promising devices for targeted drug delivery 1812:1855 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 1 37 from coating 120:126 arg1 MNPs 155:158 MNPs 155:158 MNPs 155:158 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems. 27251857 1 37 from coating 120:126 arg1 nanoparticles 140:152 magnetic nanoparticles 131:152 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) 131:159 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems. 27251857 7 38 theme cell 1096:1099 arg1 viability 1101:1109 cell viability 1096:1109 cell viability 1096:1109 Different doses of the MNPs (1, 10 and 100 μg/mL) were assayed, revealing that MNPs coated with non-cross-linked chitosan for 6 and 24 h did not affect neither NO production nor cell viability. 27251857 12 39 theme MNPs 1769:1772 arg1 biocompatibility 1749:1764 biocompatibility 1749:1764 biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery 1749:1855 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 1 40 theme Chitosan 111:118 arg1 coating 120:126 Chitosan coating 111:126 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) 111:159 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems. 27251857 3 41 theme coating 476:482 arg1 influence 446:454 The influence 442:454 The influence of the biopolymeric coating 442:482 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 3 42 theme random 622:627 arg1 distribution 636:647 the random tissue distribution 618:647 the random tissue distribution in mice 618:655 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 2 43 theme oleic 350:354 arg1 acid 356:359 oleic acid 350:359 oleic acid 350:359 Composition of MNPs consists of magnetite functionalized with oleic acid and coated with the biopolymer chitosan or glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan. 27251857 12 44 theme chitosan 1723:1730 arg1 coating 1732:1738 chitosan coating 1723:1738 chitosan coating 1723:1738 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 2 45 link glutaraldehyde-cross-linked 404:430 arg1 chitosan 432:439 glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan 404:439 glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan 404:439 Composition of MNPs consists of magnetite functionalized with oleic acid and coated with the biopolymer chitosan or glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan. 27251857 9 46 theme glutaraldehyde 1290:1303 arg1 dose 1282:1285 dose 1282:1285 dose 1282:1285 It was also revealed that the presence and dose of glutaraldehyde in the MNPs structureimpact on the cytotoxicity. 27251857 9 46 theme glutaraldehyde 1290:1303 arg1 presence 1269:1276 presence 1269:1276 presence 1269:1276 It was also revealed that the presence and dose of glutaraldehyde in the MNPs structureimpact on the cytotoxicity. 27251857 5 47 theme endothelial 809:819 arg1 NO 821:822 endothelial NO 809:822 endothelial NO 809:822 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs was determined, considering that endothelial NO represents one of the major markers of ECs function. 27251857 10 48 theme injection 1460:1468 arg1 h 1436:1436 24 h 1433:1436 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely 1433:1496 The study of the acute tissue distribution was performed acutely in mice after 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely, after 28 days of weekly administration. 27251857 9 49 attach presence 1269:1276 arg2 glutaraldehyde 1290:1303 glutaraldehyde 1290:1303 glutaraldehyde 1290:1303 It was also revealed that the presence and dose of glutaraldehyde in the MNPs structureimpact on the cytotoxicity. 27251857 9 49 attach presence 1269:1276 arg1 MNPs 1312:1315 the MNPs 1308:1315 the MNPs 1308:1315 It was also revealed that the presence and dose of glutaraldehyde in the MNPs structureimpact on the cytotoxicity. 27251857 12 50 theme performed 1694:1702 arg1 assays 1704:1709 the performed assays 1690:1709 the performed assays 1690:1709 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 3 51 theme in 519:520 arg1 assays 527:532 in vitro and in vivo assays 506:532 in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice 506:655 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 12 52 theme targeted 1834:1841 arg1 delivery 1848:1855 targeted drug delivery 1834:1855 targeted drug delivery 1834:1855 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 6 53 theme Cell 877:880 arg1 viability 882:890 Cell viability 877:890 Cell viability 877:890 Cell viability was studied by MTT assay. 27251857 5 54 theme markers 852:858 arg1 one 835:837 one 835:837 one 835:837 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs was determined, considering that endothelial NO represents one of the major markers of ECs function. 27251857 5 54 theme markers 852:858 arg1 markers 852:858 the major markers 842:858 the major markers of ECs function 842:874 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs was determined, considering that endothelial NO represents one of the major markers of ECs function. 27251857 3 55 theme rat 566:568 arg1 ECs 596:598 ECs 596:598 ECs 596:598 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 3 55 theme rat 566:568 arg1 cells 589:593 rat aortic endothelial cells 566:593 rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability 566:609 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 1 56 theme biological 176:185 arg1 systems 187:193 biological systems 176:193 biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems 176:285 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems. 27251857 2 57 theme MNPs 303:306 arg1 Composition 288:298 Composition 288:298 Composition of MNPs 288:306 Composition of MNPs consists of magnetite functionalized with oleic acid and coated with the biopolymer chitosan or glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan. 27251857 8 58 theme h 1184:1184 arg1 treatment 1186:1194 36 h treatment 1181:1194 36 h treatment with the highest dose of this nanocarrier 1181:1236 However, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed after 36 h treatment with the highest dose of this nanocarrier. 27251857 10 59 theme administration 1523:1536 arg1 28 days 1505:1511 28 days 1505:1511 28 days of weekly administration 1505:1536 The study of the acute tissue distribution was performed acutely in mice after 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely, after 28 days of weekly administration. 27251857 1 60 theme first 200:204 arg1 step 206:209 a first step 198:209 a first step toward the application in the biomedical field 198:256 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems. 27251857 1 61 from application 222:232 arg1 field 252:256 the biomedical field 237:256 the biomedical field 237:256 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems. 27251857 3 62 theme endothelial 577:587 arg1 ECs 596:598 ECs 596:598 ECs 596:598 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 3 62 theme endothelial 577:587 arg1 cells 589:593 rat aortic endothelial cells 566:593 rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability 566:609 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 8 63 theme cell 1147:1150 arg1 viability 1152:1160 cell viability 1147:1160 cell viability 1147:1160 However, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed after 36 h treatment with the highest dose of this nanocarrier. 27251857 8 64 theme highest 1205:1211 arg1 dose 1213:1216 the highest dose 1201:1216 the highest dose of this nanocarrier 1201:1236 However, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed after 36 h treatment with the highest dose of this nanocarrier. 27251857 1 65 theme magnetic 131:138 arg1 MNPs 155:158 MNPs 155:158 MNPs 155:158 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems. 27251857 1 65 theme magnetic 131:138 arg1 nanoparticles 140:152 magnetic nanoparticles 131:152 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) 131:159 Chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on biological systems as a first step toward the application in the biomedical field as drug-targeted nanosystems. 27251857 3 66 theme MNPs 558:561 arg1 effects 541:547 the effects 537:547 the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice 537:655 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 5 67 theme ECs 863:865 arg1 function 867:874 ECs function 863:874 ECs function 863:874 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs was determined, considering that endothelial NO represents one of the major markers of ECs function. 27251857 10 68 theme sub 1486:1488 arg1 injection 1460:1468 an intraperitoneal injection 1441:1468 an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely 1441:1496 The study of the acute tissue distribution was performed acutely in mice after 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely, after 28 days of weekly administration. 27251857 8 69 theme nanocarrier 1226:1236 arg1 dose 1213:1216 the highest dose 1201:1216 the highest dose of this nanocarrier 1201:1236 However, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed after 36 h treatment with the highest dose of this nanocarrier. 27251857 0 70 theme acute 81:85 arg1 biodistribution 94:108 acute tissue biodistribution 81:108 acute tissue biodistribution 81:108 Influence of chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution. 27251857 9 71 from dose 1282:1285 arg1 MNPs 1312:1315 the MNPs 1308:1315 the MNPs 1308:1315 It was also revealed that the presence and dose of glutaraldehyde in the MNPs structureimpact on the cytotoxicity. 27251857 9 72 from presence 1269:1276 arg1 MNPs 1312:1315 the MNPs 1308:1315 the MNPs 1308:1315 It was also revealed that the presence and dose of glutaraldehyde in the MNPs structureimpact on the cytotoxicity. 27251857 7 73 theme MNPs 941:944 arg1 doses 928:932 Different doses 918:932 Different doses of the MNPs (1, 10 and 100 μg/mL) 918:966 Different doses of the MNPs (1, 10 and 100 μg/mL) were assayed, revealing that MNPs coated with non-cross-linked chitosan for 6 and 24 h did not affect neither NO production nor cell viability. 27251857 5 74 theme Nitric 740:745 arg1 NO 754:755 NO 754:755 NO 754:755 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs was determined, considering that endothelial NO represents one of the major markers of ECs function. 27251857 5 74 theme Nitric 740:745 arg1 oxide 747:751 Nitric oxide 740:751 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs 740:774 Nitric oxide (NO) production by ECs was determined, considering that endothelial NO represents one of the major markers of ECs function. 27251857 9 75 dep presence 1269:1276 arg1 the 1265:1267 the 1265:1267 the 1265:1267 It was also revealed that the presence and dose of glutaraldehyde in the MNPs structureimpact on the cytotoxicity. 27251857 10 76 theme tissue 1377:1382 arg1 distribution 1384:1395 the acute tissue distribution 1367:1395 the acute tissue distribution 1367:1395 The study of the acute tissue distribution was performed acutely in mice after 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely, after 28 days of weekly administration. 27251857 3 77 theme biopolymeric 463:474 arg1 coating 476:482 the biopolymeric coating 459:482 the biopolymeric coating 459:482 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 7 78 theme Different 918:926 arg1 doses 928:932 Different doses 918:932 Different doses of the MNPs (1, 10 and 100 μg/mL) 918:966 Different doses of the MNPs (1, 10 and 100 μg/mL) were assayed, revealing that MNPs coated with non-cross-linked chitosan for 6 and 24 h did not affect neither NO production nor cell viability. 27251857 3 79 dep in 519:520 arg1 vivo 522:525 vivo 522:525 vivo 522:525 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 2 80 dep magnetite 320:328 arg1 coated 365:370 coated 365:370 coated with the biopolymer chitosan or glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan 365:439 Composition of MNPs consists of magnetite functionalized with oleic acid and coated with the biopolymer chitosan or glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan. 27251857 2 80 dep magnetite 320:328 arg1 functionalized 330:343 functionalized 330:343 functionalized with oleic acid 330:359 Composition of MNPs consists of magnetite functionalized with oleic acid and coated with the biopolymer chitosan or glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan. 27251857 0 81 theme coating 22:28 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution. 0:109 Influence of chitosan coating on magnetic nanoparticles in endothelial cells and acute tissue biodistribution. 27251857 11 82 from clearance 1585:1593 arg1 liver 1638:1642 liver 1638:1642 liver 1638:1642 Both formulations greatly avoided the initial clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in liver. 27251857 3 83 theme tissue 629:634 arg1 distribution 636:647 the random tissue distribution 618:647 the random tissue distribution in mice 618:655 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 7 84 theme NO 1078:1079 arg1 production 1081:1090 NO production 1078:1090 NO production 1078:1090 Different doses of the MNPs (1, 10 and 100 μg/mL) were assayed, revealing that MNPs coated with non-cross-linked chitosan for 6 and 24 h did not affect neither NO production nor cell viability. 27251857 12 85 theme magnetic 1788:1795 arg1 nanosystems 1797:1807 these magnetic nanosystems 1782:1807 these magnetic nanosystems 1782:1807 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 12 85 theme magnetic 1788:1795 arg1 devices 1822:1828 promising devices 1812:1828 promising devices for targeted drug delivery 1812:1855 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 2 86 theme glutaraldehyde-cross-linked 404:430 arg1 chitosan 432:439 glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan 404:439 glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan 404:439 Composition of MNPs consists of magnetite functionalized with oleic acid and coated with the biopolymer chitosan or glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan. 27251857 12 87 located found 1667:1671 arg2 properties 1656:1665 Biological properties 1645:1665 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays 1645:1709 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 12 87 located found 1667:1671 arg1 assays 1704:1709 the performed assays 1690:1709 the performed assays 1690:1709 Biological properties found for N1 and N2 in the performed assays reveal that chitosan coating improves biocompatibility of MNPs turning these magnetic nanosystems as promising devices for targeted drug delivery. 27251857 3 88 theme in 506:507 arg1 assays 527:532 in vitro and in vivo assays 506:532 in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice 506:655 The influence of the biopolymeric coating has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays on the effects of these MNPs on rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) viability and on the random tissue distribution in mice. 27251857 10 89 theme intraperitoneal 1444:1458 arg1 injection 1460:1468 an intraperitoneal injection 1441:1468 an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely 1441:1496 The study of the acute tissue distribution was performed acutely in mice after 24 h of an intraperitoneal injection of the MNPs and sub acutely, after 28 days of weekly administration. 25129601 2 0 theme histopathologic 332:346 arg1 findings 348:355 histopathologic findings 332:355 histopathologic findings 332:355 We aimed to correlate energy loss with ascending aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings to elucidate the pathophysiology of aneurysm complications. 25129601 1 1 theme cardiac 243:249 arg1 cycle 251:255 the cardiac cycle 239:255 the cardiac cycle 239:255 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 15 2 theme pathologic 1640:1649 arg1 findings 1662:1669 pathologic histologic findings 1640:1669 pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters 1640:1704 High energy loss distinguished patients with pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters. 25129601 13 3 dep = 1466:1466 arg1 < 1452:1452 P < .0001 1450:1458 P < .0001 1450:1458 The relationship between energy loss and size became strongly linear once the size was indexed to the body surface area (P < .0001, r(2) = .78). 25129601 7 4 theme apparent 821:828 arg1 modulus 830:836 apparent modulus 821:836 apparent modulus of elasticity 821:850 It was compared with the size and the traditional biomechanical parameter, stiffness (apparent modulus of elasticity). 25129601 14 5 dep = 1587:1587 arg1 .0002 1575:1579 P = .0002 1571:1579 P = .0002 1571:1579 Energy loss correlated with the histopathologic findings, especially the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49). 25129601 1 6 theme relative 184:191 arg1 energy 203:208 energy 203:208 energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle 203:255 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 1 6 theme relative 184:191 arg1 amount 193:198 the relative amount 180:198 the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle 180:255 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 2 7 theme energy 280:285 arg1 loss 287:290 energy loss 280:290 energy loss 280:290 We aimed to correlate energy loss with ascending aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings to elucidate the pathophysiology of aneurysm complications. 25129601 14 8 theme = 1573:1573 arg1 .0002 1575:1579 P = .0002 1571:1579 P = .0002 1571:1579 Energy loss correlated with the histopathologic findings, especially the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49). 25129601 13 9 theme surface 1436:1442 arg1 area 1444:1447 the body surface area 1427:1447 the body surface area (P < .0001, r(2) = .78) 1427:1471 The relationship between energy loss and size became strongly linear once the size was indexed to the body surface area (P < .0001, r(2) = .78). 25129601 16 10 theme ascending 1722:1730 arg1 aortas 1732:1737 ascending aortas 1722:1737 ascending aortas 1722:1737 CONCLUSIONS As ascending aortas dilate, they exhibit greater energy loss that rapidly increases after 5.5 cm. 25129601 15 11 theme similar 1688:1694 arg1 diameters 1696:1704 similar diameters 1688:1704 similar diameters 1688:1704 High energy loss distinguished patients with pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters. 25129601 1 12 theme OBJECTIVE 113:121 arg1 loss 130:133 OBJECTIVE Energy loss 113:133 OBJECTIVE Energy loss 113:133 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 1 12 theme OBJECTIVE 113:121 arg1 parameter 154:162 a biomechanical parameter 138:162 a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle 138:255 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 18 13 theme mechanical 2020:2029 arg1 function 2031:2038 mechanical function 2020:2038 mechanical function 2020:2038 Energy loss correlates with imbalances in elastin and collagen composition, suggesting a measurable link between the histopathologic features and mechanical function. 25129601 12 14 theme hinge 1239:1243 arg1 point 1245:1249 A hinge point 1237:1249 A hinge point 1237:1249 A hinge point was noted at a diameter of 5.5 cm, after which energy loss increased rapidly. 25129601 14 15 theme histopathologic 1506:1520 arg1 findings 1522:1529 the histopathologic findings 1502:1529 the histopathologic findings 1502:1529 Energy loss correlated with the histopathologic findings, especially the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49). 25129601 14 15 theme histopathologic 1506:1520 arg1 ratio 1564:1568 the collagen/elastin ratio 1543:1568 the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49) 1543:1592 Energy loss correlated with the histopathologic findings, especially the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49). 25129601 10 16 theme P 1091:1091 arg1 stiffness 1080:1088 increased stiffness 1070:1088 increased stiffness (P < .0001) 1070:1100 The aneurysms exhibited increased stiffness (P < .0001) and energy loss (P < .0001) compared with the controls. 25129601 10 16 theme P 1091:1091 arg1 < 1093:1093 P < .0001 1091:1099 P < .0001 1091:1099 The aneurysms exhibited increased stiffness (P < .0001) and energy loss (P < .0001) compared with the controls. 25129601 5 17 theme Biaxial 556:562 arg1 tests 572:576 Biaxial tensile tests 556:576 Biaxial tensile tests 556:576 Biaxial tensile tests were performed on the 4 quadrants of the aortic ring. 25129601 0 18 theme aortic 62:67 arg1 size 78:81 aortic aneurysm size 62:81 aortic aneurysm size 62:81 Energy loss, a novel biomechanical parameter, correlates with aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings. 25129601 6 19 theme Energy 632:637 arg1 loss 639:642 Energy loss 632:642 Energy loss 632:642 Energy loss was calculated using the integral of the stress-strain curve during loading and unloading. 25129601 18 20 from imbalances 1902:1911 arg1 collagen 1928:1935 collagen 1928:1935 collagen 1928:1935 Energy loss correlates with imbalances in elastin and collagen composition, suggesting a measurable link between the histopathologic features and mechanical function. 25129601 18 20 from imbalances 1902:1911 arg1 elastin 1916:1922 elastin 1916:1922 elastin 1916:1922 Energy loss correlates with imbalances in elastin and collagen composition, suggesting a measurable link between the histopathologic features and mechanical function. 25129601 5 21 theme ring 626:629 arg1 quadrants 602:610 the 4 quadrants 596:610 the 4 quadrants of the aortic ring 596:629 Biaxial tensile tests were performed on the 4 quadrants of the aortic ring. 25129601 8 22 theme mucopolysaccharide 877:894 arg1 content 896:902 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content 854:902 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content 854:902 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content were quantified using Movat pentachrome staining of histology slides. 25129601 4 23 theme Control 493:499 arg1 specimens 501:509 Control specimens 493:509 Control specimens 493:509 Control specimens were obtained from autopsy and organ donors. 25129601 2 24 theme aneurysm 393:400 arg1 complications 402:414 aneurysm complications 393:414 aneurysm complications 393:414 We aimed to correlate energy loss with ascending aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings to elucidate the pathophysiology of aneurysm complications. 25129601 0 25 theme histopathologic 87:101 arg1 findings 103:110 histopathologic findings 87:110 histopathologic findings 87:110 Energy loss, a novel biomechanical parameter, correlates with aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings. 25129601 3 26 dep METHODS 417:423 arg1 obtained 468:475 obtained 468:475 were obtained during surgery 463:490 METHODS Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens were obtained during surgery. 25129601 2 27 dep aneurysm 314:321 arg1 size 323:326 size 323:326 size 323:326 We aimed to correlate energy loss with ascending aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings to elucidate the pathophysiology of aneurysm complications. 25129601 15 28 theme High 1595:1598 arg1 loss 1607:1610 High energy loss 1595:1610 High energy loss 1595:1610 High energy loss distinguished patients with pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters. 25129601 3 29 theme ascending 436:444 arg1 specimens 453:461 Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens 425:461 Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens 425:461 METHODS Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens were obtained during surgery. 25129601 0 30 theme Energy 0:5 arg1 parameter 35:43 a novel biomechanical parameter 13:43 a novel biomechanical parameter 13:43 Energy loss, a novel biomechanical parameter, correlates with aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings. 25129601 0 30 theme Energy 0:5 arg1 loss 7:10 Energy loss 0:10 Energy loss 0:10 Energy loss, a novel biomechanical parameter, correlates with aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings. 25129601 10 31 theme P 1119:1119 arg1 loss 1113:1116 energy loss 1106:1116 energy loss (P < .0001) 1106:1128 The aneurysms exhibited increased stiffness (P < .0001) and energy loss (P < .0001) compared with the controls. 25129601 10 31 theme P 1119:1119 arg1 < 1121:1121 P < .0001 1119:1127 P < .0001 1119:1127 The aneurysms exhibited increased stiffness (P < .0001) and energy loss (P < .0001) compared with the controls. 25129601 6 32 theme curve 699:703 arg1 integral 669:676 integral 669:676 integral 669:676 Energy loss was calculated using the integral of the stress-strain curve during loading and unloading. 25129601 8 33 theme pentachrome 932:942 arg1 staining 944:951 Movat pentachrome staining 926:951 Movat pentachrome staining of histology slides 926:971 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content were quantified using Movat pentachrome staining of histology slides. 25129601 11 34 dep = 1229:1229 arg1 < 1215:1215 P < .0001 1213:1221 P < .0001 1213:1221 Energy loss correlated significantly with aortic size (P < .0001, r(2) = .60). 25129601 0 35 theme novel 15:19 arg1 parameter 35:43 a novel biomechanical parameter 13:43 a novel biomechanical parameter 13:43 Energy loss, a novel biomechanical parameter, correlates with aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings. 25129601 0 35 theme novel 15:19 arg1 loss 7:10 Energy loss 0:10 Energy loss 0:10 Energy loss, a novel biomechanical parameter, correlates with aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings. 25129601 15 36 with patients 1626:1633 arg1 findings 1662:1669 pathologic histologic findings 1640:1669 pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters 1640:1704 High energy loss distinguished patients with pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters. 25129601 7 37 theme traditional 773:783 arg1 parameter 799:807 the traditional biomechanical parameter 769:807 the traditional biomechanical parameter 769:807 It was compared with the size and the traditional biomechanical parameter, stiffness (apparent modulus of elasticity). 25129601 7 37 theme traditional 773:783 arg1 stiffness 810:818 stiffness 810:818 stiffness (apparent modulus of elasticity) 810:851 It was compared with the size and the traditional biomechanical parameter, stiffness (apparent modulus of elasticity). 25129601 8 38 theme slides 966:971 arg1 staining 944:951 Movat pentachrome staining 926:951 Movat pentachrome staining of histology slides 926:971 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content were quantified using Movat pentachrome staining of histology slides. 25129601 11 39 theme P 1213:1213 arg1 < 1215:1215 P < .0001 1213:1221 P < .0001 1213:1221 Energy loss correlated significantly with aortic size (P < .0001, r(2) = .60). 25129601 13 40 theme energy 1354:1359 arg1 loss 1361:1364 energy loss 1354:1364 energy loss 1354:1364 The relationship between energy loss and size became strongly linear once the size was indexed to the body surface area (P < .0001, r(2) = .78). 25129601 9 41 dep RESULTS 974:980 arg1 collected 1008:1016 collected 1008:1016 were collected (34 aneurysmal, 7 control) 1003:1043 RESULTS A total of 41 aortas were collected (34 aneurysmal, 7 control). 25129601 16 42 theme greater 1760:1766 arg1 loss 1775:1778 greater energy loss 1760:1778 greater energy loss that rapidly increases after 5.5 cm 1760:1814 CONCLUSIONS As ascending aortas dilate, they exhibit greater energy loss that rapidly increases after 5.5 cm. 25129601 15 43 from others 1676:1681 arg1 findings 1662:1669 pathologic histologic findings 1640:1669 pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters 1640:1704 High energy loss distinguished patients with pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters. 25129601 7 44 dep stiffness 810:818 arg1 modulus 830:836 apparent modulus 821:836 apparent modulus of elasticity 821:850 It was compared with the size and the traditional biomechanical parameter, stiffness (apparent modulus of elasticity). 25129601 15 45 with others 1676:1681 arg1 diameters 1696:1704 similar diameters 1688:1704 similar diameters 1688:1704 High energy loss distinguished patients with pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters. 25129601 15 46 theme histologic 1651:1660 arg1 findings 1662:1669 pathologic histologic findings 1640:1669 pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters 1640:1704 High energy loss distinguished patients with pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters. 25129601 14 47 theme P 1571:1571 arg1 .0002 1575:1579 P = .0002 1571:1579 P = .0002 1571:1579 Energy loss correlated with the histopathologic findings, especially the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49). 25129601 2 48 theme ascending 297:305 arg1 aneurysm 314:321 ascending aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings 297:355 aneurysm 314:321 We aimed to correlate energy loss with ascending aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings to elucidate the pathophysiology of aneurysm complications. 25129601 12 49 theme energy 1298:1303 arg1 loss 1305:1308 energy loss 1298:1308 energy loss 1298:1308 A hinge point was noted at a diameter of 5.5 cm, after which energy loss increased rapidly. 25129601 13 50 theme P 1450:1450 arg1 < 1452:1452 P < .0001 1450:1458 P < .0001 1450:1458 The relationship between energy loss and size became strongly linear once the size was indexed to the body surface area (P < .0001, r(2) = .78). 25129601 9 51 theme aortas 996:1001 arg1 total 984:988 A total 982:988 A total of 41 aortas 982:1001 RESULTS A total of 41 aortas were collected (34 aneurysmal, 7 control). 25129601 17 52 from increase 1834:1841 arg1 complications 1846:1858 complications 1846:1858 complications 1846:1858 This mirrors the increase in complications at this size. 25129601 18 53 theme histopathologic 1991:2005 arg1 features 2007:2014 the histopathologic features 1987:2014 the histopathologic features 1987:2014 Energy loss correlates with imbalances in elastin and collagen composition, suggesting a measurable link between the histopathologic features and mechanical function. 25129601 12 54 theme cm 1282:1283 arg1 diameter 1266:1273 a diameter 1264:1273 a diameter of 5.5 cm 1264:1283 A hinge point was noted at a diameter of 5.5 cm, after which energy loss increased rapidly. 25129601 14 55 theme collagen/elastin 1547:1562 arg1 findings 1522:1529 the histopathologic findings 1502:1529 the histopathologic findings 1502:1529 Energy loss correlated with the histopathologic findings, especially the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49). 25129601 14 55 theme collagen/elastin 1547:1562 arg1 ratio 1564:1568 the collagen/elastin ratio 1543:1568 the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49) 1543:1592 Energy loss correlated with the histopathologic findings, especially the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49). 25129601 13 56 theme body 1431:1434 arg1 area 1444:1447 the body surface area 1427:1447 the body surface area (P < .0001, r(2) = .78) 1427:1471 The relationship between energy loss and size became strongly linear once the size was indexed to the body surface area (P < .0001, r(2) = .78). 25129601 7 57 theme elasticity 841:850 arg1 modulus 830:836 apparent modulus 821:836 apparent modulus of elasticity 821:850 It was compared with the size and the traditional biomechanical parameter, stiffness (apparent modulus of elasticity). 25129601 1 58 theme energy 203:208 arg1 energy 203:208 energy 203:208 energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle 203:255 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 1 58 theme energy 203:208 arg1 amount 193:198 the relative amount 180:198 the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle 180:255 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 14 59 theme Energy 1474:1479 arg1 loss 1481:1484 Energy loss 1474:1484 Energy loss 1474:1484 Energy loss correlated with the histopathologic findings, especially the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49). 25129601 1 60 theme Energy 123:128 arg1 loss 130:133 OBJECTIVE Energy loss 113:133 OBJECTIVE Energy loss 113:133 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 1 60 theme Energy 123:128 arg1 parameter 154:162 a biomechanical parameter 138:162 a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle 138:255 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 4 61 theme autopsy 530:536 arg1 donors 548:553 autopsy and organ donors 530:553 autopsy and organ donors 530:553 Control specimens were obtained from autopsy and organ donors. 25129601 18 62 dep elastin 1916:1922 arg1 composition 1937:1947 composition 1937:1947 composition 1937:1947 Energy loss correlates with imbalances in elastin and collagen composition, suggesting a measurable link between the histopathologic features and mechanical function. 25129601 0 63 theme aneurysm 69:76 arg1 size 78:81 aortic aneurysm size 62:81 aortic aneurysm size 62:81 Energy loss, a novel biomechanical parameter, correlates with aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings. 25129601 5 64 theme tensile 564:570 arg1 tests 572:576 Biaxial tensile tests 556:576 Biaxial tensile tests 556:576 Biaxial tensile tests were performed on the 4 quadrants of the aortic ring. 25129601 1 65 theme biomechanical 140:152 arg1 loss 130:133 OBJECTIVE Energy loss 113:133 OBJECTIVE Energy loss 113:133 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 1 65 theme biomechanical 140:152 arg1 parameter 154:162 a biomechanical parameter 138:162 a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle 138:255 OBJECTIVE Energy loss is a biomechanical parameter that represents the relative amount of energy absorbed by the aorta during the cardiac cycle. 25129601 8 66 theme Elastin 854:860 arg1 content 896:902 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content 854:902 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content 854:902 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content were quantified using Movat pentachrome staining of histology slides. 25129601 4 67 theme organ 542:546 arg1 donors 548:553 autopsy and organ donors 530:553 autopsy and organ donors 530:553 Control specimens were obtained from autopsy and organ donors. 25129601 10 68 theme increased 1070:1078 arg1 stiffness 1080:1088 increased stiffness 1070:1088 increased stiffness (P < .0001) 1070:1100 The aneurysms exhibited increased stiffness (P < .0001) and energy loss (P < .0001) compared with the controls. 25129601 10 68 theme increased 1070:1078 arg1 < 1093:1093 P < .0001 1091:1099 P < .0001 1091:1099 The aneurysms exhibited increased stiffness (P < .0001) and energy loss (P < .0001) compared with the controls. 25129601 5 69 theme aortic 619:624 arg1 ring 626:629 the aortic ring 615:629 the aortic ring 615:629 Biaxial tensile tests were performed on the 4 quadrants of the aortic ring. 25129601 8 70 theme collagen 863:870 arg1 content 896:902 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content 854:902 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content 854:902 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content were quantified using Movat pentachrome staining of histology slides. 25129601 18 71 theme measurable 1963:1972 arg1 link 1974:1977 a measurable link 1961:1977 a measurable link between the histopathologic features and mechanical function 1961:2038 Energy loss correlates with imbalances in elastin and collagen composition, suggesting a measurable link between the histopathologic features and mechanical function. 25129601 15 72 theme energy 1600:1605 arg1 loss 1607:1610 High energy loss 1595:1610 High energy loss 1595:1610 High energy loss distinguished patients with pathologic histologic findings from others with similar diameters. 25129601 13 73 dep area 1444:1447 arg1 = 1466:1466 = 1466:1466 = 1466:1466 The relationship between energy loss and size became strongly linear once the size was indexed to the body surface area (P < .0001, r(2) = .78). 25129601 9 74 dep collected 1008:1016 arg1 control 1036:1042 7 control 1034:1042 7 control 1034:1042 RESULTS A total of 41 aortas were collected (34 aneurysmal, 7 control). 25129601 9 74 dep collected 1008:1016 arg1 aneurysmal 1022:1031 34 aneurysmal 1019:1031 34 aneurysmal 1019:1031 RESULTS A total of 41 aortas were collected (34 aneurysmal, 7 control). 25129601 3 75 theme aortic 446:451 arg1 specimens 453:461 Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens 425:461 Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens 425:461 METHODS Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens were obtained during surgery. 25129601 11 76 theme Energy 1158:1163 arg1 loss 1165:1168 Energy loss 1158:1168 Energy loss 1158:1168 Energy loss correlated significantly with aortic size (P < .0001, r(2) = .60). 25129601 6 77 theme stress-strain 685:697 arg1 curve 699:703 the stress-strain curve 681:703 the stress-strain curve 681:703 Energy loss was calculated using the integral of the stress-strain curve during loading and unloading. 25129601 0 78 theme biomechanical 21:33 arg1 parameter 35:43 a novel biomechanical parameter 13:43 a novel biomechanical parameter 13:43 Energy loss, a novel biomechanical parameter, correlates with aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings. 25129601 0 78 theme biomechanical 21:33 arg1 loss 7:10 Energy loss 0:10 Energy loss 0:10 Energy loss, a novel biomechanical parameter, correlates with aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings. 25129601 10 79 theme energy 1106:1111 arg1 loss 1113:1116 energy loss 1106:1116 energy loss (P < .0001) 1106:1128 The aneurysms exhibited increased stiffness (P < .0001) and energy loss (P < .0001) compared with the controls. 25129601 10 79 theme energy 1106:1111 arg1 < 1121:1121 P < .0001 1119:1127 P < .0001 1119:1127 The aneurysms exhibited increased stiffness (P < .0001) and energy loss (P < .0001) compared with the controls. 25129601 8 80 theme Movat 926:930 arg1 staining 944:951 Movat pentachrome staining 926:951 Movat pentachrome staining of histology slides 926:971 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content were quantified using Movat pentachrome staining of histology slides. 25129601 3 81 theme Aneurysmal 425:434 arg1 specimens 453:461 Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens 425:461 Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens 425:461 METHODS Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens were obtained during surgery. 25129601 11 82 theme aortic 1200:1205 arg1 size 1207:1210 aortic size 1200:1210 aortic size 1200:1210 Energy loss correlated significantly with aortic size (P < .0001, r(2) = .60). 25129601 2 83 theme complications 402:414 arg1 pathophysiology 374:388 the pathophysiology 370:388 the pathophysiology of aneurysm complications 370:414 We aimed to correlate energy loss with ascending aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings to elucidate the pathophysiology of aneurysm complications. 25129601 18 84 theme Energy 1874:1879 arg1 loss 1881:1884 Energy loss 1874:1884 Energy loss 1874:1884 Energy loss correlates with imbalances in elastin and collagen composition, suggesting a measurable link between the histopathologic features and mechanical function. 25129601 7 85 theme biomechanical 785:797 arg1 parameter 799:807 the traditional biomechanical parameter 769:807 the traditional biomechanical parameter 769:807 It was compared with the size and the traditional biomechanical parameter, stiffness (apparent modulus of elasticity). 25129601 7 85 theme biomechanical 785:797 arg1 stiffness 810:818 stiffness 810:818 stiffness (apparent modulus of elasticity) 810:851 It was compared with the size and the traditional biomechanical parameter, stiffness (apparent modulus of elasticity). 25129601 16 86 theme energy 1768:1773 arg1 loss 1775:1778 greater energy loss 1760:1778 greater energy loss that rapidly increases after 5.5 cm 1760:1814 CONCLUSIONS As ascending aortas dilate, they exhibit greater energy loss that rapidly increases after 5.5 cm. 25129601 8 87 theme histology 956:964 arg1 slides 966:971 histology slides 956:971 histology slides 956:971 Elastin, collagen, and mucopolysaccharide content were quantified using Movat pentachrome staining of histology slides. 25129601 14 88 dep ratio 1564:1568 arg1 = 1587:1587 = 1587:1587 = 1587:1587 Energy loss correlated with the histopathologic findings, especially the collagen/elastin ratio (P = .0002, r(2) = .49). 25129601 2 89 theme aortic 307:312 arg1 aneurysm 314:321 ascending aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings 297:355 aneurysm 314:321 We aimed to correlate energy loss with ascending aortic aneurysm size and histopathologic findings to elucidate the pathophysiology of aneurysm complications. 24914345 9 0 from Differences 1146:1156 arg1 composition 1208:1218 composition 1208:1218 composition 1208:1218 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 9 0 from Differences 1146:1156 arg1 distribution 1191:1202 distribution 1191:1202 distribution 1191:1202 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 9 0 from Differences 1146:1156 arg1 species 1161:1167 species diversity, structure, distribution and composition 1161:1218 species diversity, structure, distribution and composition 1161:1218 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 9 0 from Differences 1146:1156 arg1 structure 1180:1188 structure 1180:1188 structure 1180:1188 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 9 0 from Differences 1146:1156 arg1 diversity 1169:1177 diversity 1169:1177 diversity 1169:1177 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 8 1 theme phylum 1071:1076 arg1 level 1078:1082 the phylum level 1067:1082 the phylum level 1067:1082 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 2 from level 1127:1131 arg1 species 1039:1045 species 1039:1045 species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01) 1039:1143 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 2 3 theme pathological 353:364 arg1 changes 366:372 the pathological changes 349:372 the pathological changes in the lungs and intestines 349:400 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide was used to induce ALI, and the pathological changes in the lungs and intestines were observed. 24914345 9 4 dep species 1161:1167 arg1 composition 1208:1218 composition 1208:1218 composition 1208:1218 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 9 4 dep species 1161:1167 arg1 distribution 1191:1202 distribution 1191:1202 distribution 1191:1202 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 9 4 dep species 1161:1167 arg1 species 1161:1167 species diversity, structure, distribution and composition 1161:1218 species diversity, structure, distribution and composition 1161:1218 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 9 4 dep species 1161:1167 arg1 structure 1180:1188 structure 1180:1188 structure 1180:1188 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 9 4 dep species 1161:1167 arg1 diversity 1169:1177 diversity 1169:1177 diversity 1169:1177 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 5 5 theme P 768:768 arg1 group 761:765 the model group 751:765 the model group (P < 0.01) 751:776 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 5 5 theme P 768:768 arg1 < 770:770 P < 0.01 768:775 P < 0.01 768:775 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 1 6 from diversity 155:163 arg1 matter 178:183 the fecal matter 168:183 the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 168:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 8 7 theme P 1135:1135 arg1 Fusobacteria 1050:1061 Fusobacteria 1050:1061 Fusobacteria 1050:1061 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 7 theme P 1135:1135 arg1 < 1137:1137 P < 0.01 1135:1142 P < 0.01 1135:1142 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 8 contain had 988:990 arg1 group 982:986 the model group 972:986 the model group 972:986 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 8 contain had 988:990 arg2 index 1011:1015 a higher diversity index 992:1015 a higher diversity index 992:1015 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 8 contain had 988:990 arg2 number 1029:1034 a lower number 1021:1034 a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01) 1021:1143 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 0 9 from Changes 0:6 arg1 microflora 22:31 intestinal microflora 11:31 intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome 11:80 Changes in intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome. 24914345 8 10 theme higher 994:999 arg1 index 1011:1015 a higher diversity index 992:1015 a higher diversity index 992:1015 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 2 11 theme lipopolysaccharide 302:319 arg1 instillation 286:297 METHODS Intratracheal instillation 264:297 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide 264:319 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide was used to induce ALI, and the pathological changes in the lungs and intestines were observed. 24914345 8 12 theme control 957:963 arg1 group 965:969 the control group 953:969 the control group 953:969 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 4 13 theme fecal 604:608 arg1 samples 610:616 fecal samples 604:616 fecal samples 604:616 The fragments encompassing V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples, and the PCR products of V4 were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. 24914345 8 14 theme Roseburia 1103:1111 arg1 species 1039:1045 species 1039:1045 species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01) 1039:1143 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 6 15 theme model 864:868 arg1 groups 870:875 the control and model groups 848:875 groups 870:875 Sequencing results revealed the presence of 3780 and 4142 species in the control and model groups, respectively. 24914345 6 16 theme Sequencing 779:788 arg1 results 790:796 Sequencing results 779:796 Sequencing results 779:796 Sequencing results revealed the presence of 3780 and 4142 species in the control and model groups, respectively. 24914345 2 17 theme Intratracheal 272:284 arg1 instillation 286:297 METHODS Intratracheal instillation 264:297 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide 264:319 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide was used to induce ALI, and the pathological changes in the lungs and intestines were observed. 24914345 3 18 theme diamine 438:444 arg1 DAO 455:457 DAO 455:457 DAO 455:457 D-lactate levels and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities were determined by enzymatic spectrophotometry. 24914345 3 18 theme diamine 438:444 arg1 oxidase 446:452 diamine oxidase 438:452 diamine oxidase (DAO) activities 438:469 D-lactate levels and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities were determined by enzymatic spectrophotometry. 24914345 5 19 dep RESULTS 680:686 arg1 levels 708:713 Increased D-lactate levels 688:713 Increased D-lactate levels 688:713 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 5 19 dep RESULTS 680:686 arg1 activities 723:732 DAO activities 719:732 DAO activities 719:732 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 20 from species 1039:1045 arg1 level 1078:1082 the phylum level 1067:1082 the phylum level 1067:1082 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 20 from species 1039:1045 arg1 level 1127:1131 the genus level 1117:1131 the genus level 1117:1131 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 21 theme diversity 1001:1009 arg1 index 1011:1015 a higher diversity index 992:1015 a higher diversity index 992:1015 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 7 22 theme shared 910:915 arg1 species 917:923 shared species 910:923 shared species 910:923 The percentage of shared species was 18.8419%. 24914345 2 23 theme METHODS 264:270 arg1 instillation 286:297 METHODS Intratracheal instillation 264:297 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide 264:319 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide was used to induce ALI, and the pathological changes in the lungs and intestines were observed. 24914345 8 24 theme species 1039:1045 arg1 index 1011:1015 a higher diversity index 992:1015 a higher diversity index 992:1015 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 24 theme species 1039:1045 arg1 number 1029:1034 a lower number 1021:1034 a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01) 1021:1143 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 1 25 theme fecal 172:176 arg1 matter 178:183 the fecal matter 168:183 the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 168:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 6 26 theme control 852:858 arg1 groups 870:875 the control and model groups 848:875 groups 870:875 Sequencing results revealed the presence of 3780 and 4142 species in the control and model groups, respectively. 24914345 10 27 theme ALI/ARDS 1365:1372 arg1 diagnosis 1352:1360 diagnosis 1352:1360 diagnosis 1352:1360 CONCLUSION The detection of specific bacteria allows early detection and diagnosis of ALI/ARDS. 24914345 10 27 theme ALI/ARDS 1365:1372 arg1 detection 1338:1346 detection 1338:1346 detection 1338:1346 CONCLUSION The detection of specific bacteria allows early detection and diagnosis of ALI/ARDS. 24914345 5 28 theme model 755:759 arg1 group 761:765 the model group 751:765 the model group (P < 0.01) 751:776 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 5 28 theme model 755:759 arg1 < 770:770 P < 0.01 768:775 P < 0.01 768:775 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 9 29 theme ARDS 1267:1270 arg1 group 1272:1276 early ARDS group 1261:1276 early ARDS group 1261:1276 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 5 30 theme DAO 719:721 arg1 activities 723:732 DAO activities 719:732 DAO activities 719:732 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 31 theme model 976:980 arg1 group 982:986 the model group 972:986 the model group 972:986 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 32 theme genus 1121:1125 arg1 level 1127:1131 the genus level 1117:1131 the genus level 1117:1131 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 4 33 theme hypervariable 558:570 arg1 regions 572:578 V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions 546:578 V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions 546:578 The fragments encompassing V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples, and the PCR products of V4 were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. 24914345 2 34 from changes 366:372 arg1 intestines 391:400 intestines 391:400 intestines 391:400 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide was used to induce ALI, and the pathological changes in the lungs and intestines were observed. 24914345 2 34 from changes 366:372 arg1 lungs 381:385 the lungs 377:385 the lungs 377:385 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide was used to induce ALI, and the pathological changes in the lungs and intestines were observed. 24914345 1 35 theme rats 188:191 arg1 matter 178:183 the fecal matter 168:183 the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 168:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 0 36 theme intestinal 11:20 arg1 microflora 22:31 intestinal microflora 11:31 intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome 11:80 Changes in intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome. 24914345 9 37 theme control 1243:1249 arg1 group 1251:1255 the control group 1239:1255 the control group 1239:1255 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 24914345 8 38 theme lower 1023:1027 arg1 number 1029:1034 a lower number 1021:1034 a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01) 1021:1143 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 1 39 theme high-throughput 100:114 arg1 sequencing 125:134 high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing 100:134 high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 100:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 10 40 theme bacteria 1316:1323 arg1 detection 1294:1302 The detection 1290:1302 The detection of specific bacteria 1290:1323 CONCLUSION The detection of specific bacteria allows early detection and diagnosis of ALI/ARDS. 24914345 3 41 theme enzymatic 490:498 arg1 spectrophotometry 500:516 enzymatic spectrophotometry 490:516 enzymatic spectrophotometry 490:516 D-lactate levels and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities were determined by enzymatic spectrophotometry. 24914345 1 42 with rats 188:191 arg1 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 1 42 with rats 188:191 arg1 syndrome 243:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome 198:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 198:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 8 43 from level 1078:1082 arg1 species 1039:1045 species 1039:1045 species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01) 1039:1143 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 1 44 theme acute 198:202 arg1 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 1 44 theme acute 198:202 arg1 syndrome 243:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome 198:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 198:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 3 45 theme D-lactate 417:425 arg1 levels 427:432 D-lactate levels 417:432 D-lactate levels 417:432 D-lactate levels and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities were determined by enzymatic spectrophotometry. 24914345 4 46 theme V4 546:547 arg1 regions 572:578 V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions 546:578 V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions 546:578 The fragments encompassing V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples, and the PCR products of V4 were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. 24914345 6 47 from presence 811:818 arg1 groups 870:875 the control and model groups 848:875 groups 870:875 Sequencing results revealed the presence of 3780 and 4142 species in the control and model groups, respectively. 24914345 6 48 theme species 837:843 arg1 presence 811:818 the presence 807:818 the presence of 3780 and 4142 species in the control and model groups 807:875 Sequencing results revealed the presence of 3780 and 4142 species in the control and model groups, respectively. 24914345 4 49 theme PCR 627:629 arg1 products 631:638 the PCR products 623:638 the PCR products of V4 623:644 The fragments encompassing V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples, and the PCR products of V4 were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. 24914345 1 50 theme lung 204:207 arg1 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 1 50 theme lung 204:207 arg1 syndrome 243:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome 198:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 198:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 0 51 theme acute 46:50 arg1 syndrome 73:80 acute respiratory distress syndrome 46:80 acute respiratory distress syndrome 46:80 Changes in intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome. 24914345 8 52 theme Helicobacter 1086:1097 arg1 species 1039:1045 species 1039:1045 species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01) 1039:1143 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 8 53 theme Fusobacteria 1050:1061 arg1 species 1039:1045 species 1039:1045 species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01) 1039:1143 Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria (at the phylum level), Helicobacter and Roseburia (at the genus level) (P < 0.01). 24914345 4 54 dep amplified 589:597 arg1 PCR 585:587 PCR 585:587 PCR 585:587 The fragments encompassing V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples, and the PCR products of V4 were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. 24914345 1 55 theme 16S 116:118 arg1 sequencing 125:134 high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing 100:134 high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 100:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 4 56 theme rDNA 553:556 arg1 regions 572:578 V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions 546:578 V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions 546:578 The fragments encompassing V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples, and the PCR products of V4 were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. 24914345 10 57 theme specific 1307:1314 arg1 bacteria 1316:1323 specific bacteria 1307:1323 specific bacteria 1307:1323 CONCLUSION The detection of specific bacteria allows early detection and diagnosis of ALI/ARDS. 24914345 1 58 theme rDNA 120:123 arg1 sequencing 125:134 high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing 100:134 high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 100:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 4 59 theme 16S 549:551 arg1 regions 572:578 V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions 546:578 V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions 546:578 The fragments encompassing V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples, and the PCR products of V4 were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. 24914345 5 60 theme Increased 688:696 arg1 levels 708:713 Increased D-lactate levels 688:713 Increased D-lactate levels 688:713 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 6 61 attach presence 811:818 arg2 species 837:843 3780 and 4142 species 823:843 3780 and 4142 species 823:843 Sequencing results revealed the presence of 3780 and 4142 species in the control and model groups, respectively. 24914345 6 61 attach presence 811:818 arg1 groups 870:875 the control and model groups 848:875 groups 870:875 Sequencing results revealed the presence of 3780 and 4142 species in the control and model groups, respectively. 24914345 1 62 theme injury/acute 209:220 arg1 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 1 62 theme injury/acute 209:220 arg1 syndrome 243:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome 198:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 198:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 5 63 theme D-lactate 698:706 arg1 levels 708:713 Increased D-lactate levels 688:713 Increased D-lactate levels 688:713 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 5 64 located observed 739:746 arg1 group 761:765 the model group 751:765 the model group (P < 0.01) 751:776 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 5 64 located observed 739:746 arg1 < 770:770 P < 0.01 768:775 P < 0.01 768:775 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 5 64 located observed 739:746 arg2 RESULTS 680:686 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities 680:732 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities 680:732 RESULTS Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group (P < 0.01). 24914345 7 65 theme species 917:923 arg1 percentage 896:905 The percentage 892:905 The percentage of shared species 892:923 The percentage of shared species was 18.8419%. 24914345 7 65 theme species 917:923 arg1 % 936:936 18.8419% 929:936 18.8419% 929:936 The percentage of shared species was 18.8419%. 24914345 2 66 used used 325:328 arg2 instillation 286:297 METHODS Intratracheal instillation 264:297 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide 264:319 METHODS Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide was used to induce ALI, and the pathological changes in the lungs and intestines were observed. 24914345 1 67 theme respiratory 222:232 arg1 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 1 67 theme respiratory 222:232 arg1 syndrome 243:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome 198:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 198:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 0 68 theme distress 64:71 arg1 syndrome 73:80 acute respiratory distress syndrome 46:80 acute respiratory distress syndrome 46:80 Changes in intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome. 24914345 4 69 theme V4 643:644 arg1 products 631:638 the PCR products 623:638 the PCR products of V4 623:644 The fragments encompassing V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples, and the PCR products of V4 were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. 24914345 3 70 theme oxidase 446:452 arg1 activities 460:469 diamine oxidase (DAO) activities 438:469 diamine oxidase (DAO) activities 438:469 D-lactate levels and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities were determined by enzymatic spectrophotometry. 24914345 1 71 theme distress 234:241 arg1 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 ALI/ARDS 253:260 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 1 71 theme distress 234:241 arg1 syndrome 243:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome 198:250 acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 198:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 0 72 theme respiratory 52:62 arg1 syndrome 73:80 acute respiratory distress syndrome 46:80 acute respiratory distress syndrome 46:80 Changes in intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome. 24914345 0 73 from microflora 22:31 arg1 rats 36:39 rats 36:39 rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome 36:80 Changes in intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome. 24914345 0 74 with rats 36:39 arg1 syndrome 73:80 acute respiratory distress syndrome 46:80 acute respiratory distress syndrome 46:80 Changes in intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome. 24914345 1 75 theme microbial 145:153 arg1 diversity 155:163 microbial diversity 145:163 microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) 145:261 AIM To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). 24914345 10 76 dep CONCLUSION 1279:1288 arg1 allows 1325:1330 allows 1325:1330 allows early detection and diagnosis of ALI/ARDS 1325:1372 CONCLUSION The detection of specific bacteria allows early detection and diagnosis of ALI/ARDS. 24914345 9 77 theme early 1261:1265 arg1 group 1272:1276 early ARDS group 1261:1276 early ARDS group 1261:1276 Differences in species diversity, structure, distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group. 28607212 2 0 theme 28±3 402:405 arg1 days 414:417 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days 349:417 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth 349:429 METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth. 28607212 6 1 theme CONCLUSION 838:847 arg1 milk 863:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk 838:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk 838:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 1 2 theme Indian 151:156 arg1 women 158:162 Indian women 151:162 Indian women delivering at ≤34 weeks of gestation 151:199 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability in macronutrient and energy content of breastmilk of Indian women delivering at ≤34 weeks of gestation. 28607212 1 3 theme women 158:162 arg1 breastmilk 137:146 breastmilk 137:146 breastmilk of Indian women delivering at ≤34 weeks of gestation 137:199 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability in macronutrient and energy content of breastmilk of Indian women delivering at ≤34 weeks of gestation. 28607212 6 4 theme macronutrient 924:936 arg1 composition 938:948 the macronutrient composition 920:948 the macronutrient composition 920:948 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 0 5 from Macronutrients 0:13 arg1 Breastmilk 18:27 Breastmilk 18:27 Breastmilk of Mothers of Preterm Infants 18:57 Macronutrients in Breastmilk of Mothers of Preterm Infants. 28607212 4 6 theme 28th 644:647 arg1 postpartum 653:662 the 28th day postpartum 640:662 the 28th day postpartum 640:662 RESULTS Protein content in the human milk declined from 4.1±2.1 g/dL on the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum. 28607212 5 7 dep g/dL 687:690 arg1 to 692:693 to 692:693 to 692:693 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 5 8 dep Kcal/dL 767:773 arg1 to 775:776 to 775:776 to 775:776 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 5 9 theme energy 749:754 arg1 contents 797:804 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents 665:804 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents 665:804 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 5 10 theme 1.9±1.8 715:721 arg1 g/dL 723:726 g/dL 723:726 g/dL 723:726 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 4 11 theme human 557:561 arg1 milk 563:566 the human milk 553:566 the human milk 553:566 RESULTS Protein content in the human milk declined from 4.1±2.1 g/dL on the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum. 28607212 0 12 theme Preterm 43:49 arg1 Infants 51:57 Preterm Infants 43:57 Preterm Infants 43:57 Macronutrients in Breastmilk of Mothers of Preterm Infants. 28607212 4 13 theme day 649:651 arg1 postpartum 653:662 the 28th day postpartum 640:662 the 28th day postpartum 640:662 RESULTS Protein content in the human milk declined from 4.1±2.1 g/dL on the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum. 28607212 5 14 dep g/dL 723:726 arg1 to 728:729 to 728:729 to 728:729 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 2 15 theme 7±2 361:363 arg1 days 414:417 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days 349:417 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth 349:429 METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth. 28607212 5 16 theme 2.2±0.7 679:685 arg1 g/dL 687:690 g/dL 687:690 g/dL 687:690 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 6 17 theme nutritional 1000:1010 arg1 requirement 1012:1022 the nutritional requirement 996:1022 the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates 996:1042 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 6 18 contain has 868:870 arg1 milk 863:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk 838:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk 838:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 6 18 contain has 868:870 arg2 temporal 877:884 temporal 877:884 temporal 877:884 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 6 19 theme inter-individual 890:905 arg1 variation 907:915 inter-individual variation 890:915 inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification 890:974 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 2 20 theme neonates 305:312 arg1 feeding 286:292 feeding 286:292 feeding of preterm neonates 286:312 METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth. 28607212 6 21 from variation 907:915 arg1 composition 938:948 the macronutrient composition 920:948 the macronutrient composition 920:948 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 2 22 theme preterm 297:303 arg1 neonates 305:312 preterm neonates 297:312 preterm neonates 297:312 METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth. 28607212 4 23 from content 542:548 arg1 milk 563:566 the human milk 553:566 the human milk 553:566 RESULTS Protein content in the human milk declined from 4.1±2.1 g/dL on the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum. 28607212 2 24 theme 14±2 373:376 arg1 days 414:417 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days 349:417 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth 349:429 METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth. 28607212 5 25 theme 3.0±0.9 695:701 arg1 g/dL 687:690 g/dL 687:690 g/dL 687:690 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 5 26 theme 51.9±21.5 778:786 arg1 Kcal/dL 767:773 Kcal/dL 767:773 Kcal/dL 767:773 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 3 27 theme carbohydrate 449:460 arg1 content 462:468 carbohydrate content 449:468 carbohydrate content 449:468 Protein, fat and carbohydrate content were estimated and total energy content was calculated. 28607212 1 28 theme gestation 191:199 arg1 weeks 182:186 ≤34 weeks 178:186 ≤34 weeks of gestation 178:199 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability in macronutrient and energy content of breastmilk of Indian women delivering at ≤34 weeks of gestation. 28607212 3 29 theme total 489:493 arg1 content 502:508 total energy content 489:508 total energy content 489:508 Protein, fat and carbohydrate content were estimated and total energy content was calculated. 28607212 0 30 theme Mothers 32:38 arg1 Breastmilk 18:27 Breastmilk 18:27 Breastmilk of Mothers of Preterm Infants 18:57 Macronutrients in Breastmilk of Mothers of Preterm Infants. 28607212 5 31 theme Lactose 665:671 arg1 contents 797:804 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents 665:804 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents 665:804 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 3 32 theme energy 495:500 arg1 content 502:508 total energy content 489:508 total energy content 489:508 Protein, fat and carbohydrate content were estimated and total energy content was calculated. 28607212 5 33 theme fat 710:712 arg1 contents 797:804 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents 665:804 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents 665:804 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 0 34 theme Infants 51:57 arg1 Mothers 32:38 Mothers 32:38 Mothers of Preterm Infants 32:57 Macronutrients in Breastmilk of Mothers of Preterm Infants. 28607212 5 35 theme 3.4±2.1 731:737 arg1 g/dL 723:726 g/dL 723:726 g/dL 723:726 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 4 36 theme 3rd 602:604 arg1 day 617:619 the 3rd postpartum day 598:619 the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum 598:662 RESULTS Protein content in the human milk declined from 4.1±2.1 g/dL on the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum. 28607212 2 37 theme 21±3 386:389 arg1 days 414:417 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days 349:417 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth 349:429 METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth. 28607212 6 38 theme preterm 1027:1033 arg1 neonates 1035:1042 preterm neonates 1027:1042 preterm neonates 1027:1042 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 4 39 dep RESULTS 526:532 arg1 declined 568:575 declined 568:575 declined from 4.1±2.1 g/dL on the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum 568:662 RESULTS Protein content in the human milk declined from 4.1±2.1 g/dL on the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum. 28607212 5 40 from g/dL 703:706 arg1 Kcal/dL 788:794 42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL 757:794 42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL 757:794 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 5 40 from g/dL 703:706 arg1 fat 710:712 fat 710:712 fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) 710:743 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 5 40 from g/dL 703:706 arg1 Lactose 665:671 Lactose 665:671 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL) 665:707 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 5 40 from g/dL 703:706 arg1 energy 749:754 energy 749:754 energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) 749:795 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 5 40 from g/dL 703:706 arg1 g/dL 739:742 1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL 715:742 1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL 715:742 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 1 41 theme energy 119:124 arg1 content 126:132 energy content 119:132 energy content 119:132 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability in macronutrient and energy content of breastmilk of Indian women delivering at ≤34 weeks of gestation. 28607212 1 42 theme breastmilk 137:146 arg1 content 126:132 energy content 119:132 energy content 119:132 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability in macronutrient and energy content of breastmilk of Indian women delivering at ≤34 weeks of gestation. 28607212 1 42 theme breastmilk 137:146 arg1 macronutrient 101:113 macronutrient 101:113 macronutrient 101:113 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability in macronutrient and energy content of breastmilk of Indian women delivering at ≤34 weeks of gestation. 28607212 2 43 theme breastmilk 252:261 arg1 samples 241:247 samples 241:247 samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates 241:312 METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth. 28607212 2 44 theme cross-sectional 218:232 arg1 study 234:238 this cross-sectional study 213:238 this cross-sectional study 213:238 METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth. 28607212 5 45 theme 42.3±18.8 757:765 arg1 Kcal/dL 767:773 Kcal/dL 767:773 Kcal/dL 767:773 Lactose (from 2.2±0.7 g/dL to 3.0±0.9 g/dL), fat (1.9±1.8 g/dL to 3.4±2.1 g/dL) and energy (42.3±18.8 Kcal/dL to 51.9±21.5 Kcal/dL) contents increased from day 3 to day 28. 28607212 6 46 theme human 857:861 arg1 milk 863:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk 838:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk 838:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 6 47 theme neonates 1035:1042 arg1 requirement 1012:1022 the nutritional requirement 996:1022 the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates 996:1042 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 4 48 theme postpartum 606:615 arg1 day 617:619 the 3rd postpartum day 598:619 the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum 598:662 RESULTS Protein content in the human milk declined from 4.1±2.1 g/dL on the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum. 28607212 6 49 theme Preterm 849:855 arg1 milk 863:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk 838:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk 838:866 CONCLUSION Preterm human milk has high temporal and inter-individual variation in the macronutrient composition and without fortification is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirement of preterm neonates. 28607212 4 50 theme Protein 534:540 arg1 content 542:548 Protein content 534:548 Protein content in the human milk 534:566 RESULTS Protein content in the human milk declined from 4.1±2.1 g/dL on the 3rd postpartum day to 2.2±0.6 g/dL by the 28th day postpartum. 28607212 2 51 theme n=26 354:357 arg1 days 414:417 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days 349:417 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth 349:429 METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth. 28607212 1 52 from variability 86:96 arg1 content 126:132 energy content 119:132 energy content 119:132 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability in macronutrient and energy content of breastmilk of Indian women delivering at ≤34 weeks of gestation. 28607212 1 52 from variability 86:96 arg1 macronutrient 101:113 macronutrient 101:113 macronutrient 101:113 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability in macronutrient and energy content of breastmilk of Indian women delivering at ≤34 weeks of gestation. 28607212 2 53 dep METHODS 202:208 arg1 collected 319:327 collected 319:327 were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth 314:429 METHODS In this cross-sectional study, samples of breastmilk expressed manually for feeding of preterm neonates were collected from 106 mothers at 3±1 (n=26), 7±2 (n=34), 14±2 (n=24), 21±3 (n=12) and 28±3 (n=10) days after birth. 25933137 4 0 theme enzyme-linked 701:713 arg1 assay 729:733 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 701:733 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 701:733 HA and lubricin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 25933137 11 1 theme MW 1384:1385 arg1 distribution 1387:1398 MW distribution 1384:1398 MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA 1384:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 2 theme lubricants 1423:1432 arg1 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 2 theme lubricants 1423:1432 arg1 levels 1359:1364 The levels 1355:1364 The levels 1355:1364 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 2 theme lubricants 1423:1432 arg1 distribution 1387:1398 MW distribution 1384:1398 MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA 1384:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 3 from composition 1367:1377 arg1 lubricin 1445:1452 lubricin 1445:1452 lubricin 1445:1452 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 3 from composition 1367:1377 arg1 SF--HA 1437:1442 SF--HA 1437:1442 SF--HA 1437:1442 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 3 from composition 1367:1377 arg1 stage 1488:1492 stage 1488:1492 stage of OA 1488:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 3 from composition 1367:1377 arg1 PLs--vary 1455:1463 PLs--vary 1455:1463 PLs--vary with joint disease 1455:1482 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 4 with PLs--vary 1455:1463 arg1 disease 1476:1482 joint disease 1470:1482 joint disease 1470:1482 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 1 5 theme articular 262:270 arg1 joints 272:277 articular joints 262:277 articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF) 262:317 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 10 6 theme chain 1321:1325 arg1 lengths 1327:1333 chain lengths 1321:1333 chain lengths of FAs 1321:1340 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 7 7 theme agarose 939:945 arg1 electrophoresis 951:965 agarose gel electrophoresis 939:965 agarose gel electrophoresis 939:965 The MW distribution of HA was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25933137 1 8 theme phospholipid 167:178 arg1 species 180:186 phospholipid species 167:186 phospholipid species (PLs) 167:192 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 1 8 theme phospholipid 167:178 arg1 PLs 189:191 PLs 189:191 PLs 189:191 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 13 9 theme optimal 1674:1680 arg1 lubricants 1693:1702 new optimal compounded lubricants 1670:1702 new optimal compounded lubricants 1670:1702 Thus, we provide the framework to develop new optimal compounded lubricants to reduce joint destruction. 25933137 11 10 with SF--HA 1437:1442 arg1 disease 1476:1482 joint disease 1470:1482 joint disease 1470:1482 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 7 11 theme HA 918:919 arg1 distribution 902:913 The MW distribution 895:913 The MW distribution of HA 895:919 The MW distribution of HA was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25933137 11 12 with lubricin 1445:1452 arg1 disease 1476:1482 joint disease 1470:1482 joint disease 1470:1482 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 3 13 used used 603:606 arg2 We 600:601 We 600:601 We 600:601 METHODS We used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA. 25933137 11 14 from levels 1359:1364 arg1 lubricin 1445:1452 lubricin 1445:1452 lubricin 1445:1452 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 14 from levels 1359:1364 arg1 SF--HA 1437:1442 SF--HA 1437:1442 SF--HA 1437:1442 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 14 from levels 1359:1364 arg1 stage 1488:1492 stage 1488:1492 stage of OA 1488:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 14 from levels 1359:1364 arg1 PLs--vary 1455:1463 PLs--vary 1455:1463 PLs--vary with joint disease 1455:1482 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 3 15 theme unaffected 622:631 arg1 controls 633:640 unaffected controls 622:640 unaffected controls 622:640 METHODS We used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA. 25933137 3 15 theme unaffected 622:631 arg1 lOA 648:650 lOA 648:650 lOA 648:650 METHODS We used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA. 25933137 3 15 theme unaffected 622:631 arg1 RA 657:658 RA 657:658 RA 657:658 METHODS We used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA. 25933137 3 15 theme unaffected 622:631 arg1 eOA 643:645 eOA 643:645 eOA 643:645 METHODS We used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA. 25933137 5 16 theme electrospray 758:769 arg1 spectrometry 794:805 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 758:805 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 758:805 PLs was quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. 25933137 10 17 from cohorts 1241:1247 arg1 distribution 1265:1276 the relative distribution 1252:1276 the relative distribution of PLs 1252:1283 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 10 17 from cohorts 1241:1247 arg1 degree 1293:1298 the degree 1289:1298 the degree of FA saturation 1289:1315 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 2 18 theme rheumatoid 565:574 arg1 RA 587:588 RA 587:588 RA 587:588 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 18 theme rheumatoid 565:574 arg1 arthritis 576:584 active rheumatoid arthritis 558:584 active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 558:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 5 19 theme tandem 782:787 arg1 spectrometry 794:805 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 758:805 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 758:805 PLs was quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. 25933137 11 20 from PLs--vary 1455:1463 arg1 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 20 from PLs--vary 1455:1463 arg1 levels 1359:1364 The levels 1355:1364 The levels 1355:1364 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 20 from PLs--vary 1455:1463 arg1 distribution 1387:1398 MW distribution 1384:1398 MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA 1384:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 2 21 theme PLs 430:432 arg1 forms 403:407 the molecular weight (MW) forms 377:407 the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 377:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 10 22 theme distinct 1212:1219 arg1 alterations 1221:1231 distinct alterations 1212:1231 distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs 1212:1340 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 2 23 theme healthy 456:462 arg1 donors 464:469 healthy donors 456:469 healthy donors 456:469 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 24 from forms 403:407 arg1 SF 437:438 SF 437:438 SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 437:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 0 25 theme Molecular 101:109 arg1 Species 111:117 Molecular Species 101:117 Molecular Species 101:117 Articular Joint Lubricants during Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Display Altered Levels and Molecular Species. 25933137 11 26 from lubricin 1445:1452 arg1 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 26 from lubricin 1445:1452 arg1 levels 1359:1364 The levels 1355:1364 The levels 1355:1364 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 26 from lubricin 1445:1452 arg1 distribution 1387:1398 MW distribution 1384:1398 MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA 1384:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 2 27 from HA 412:413 arg1 cohorts 445:451 cohorts 445:451 cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 445:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 27 from HA 412:413 arg1 SF 437:438 SF 437:438 SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 437:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 28 from lubricin 416:423 arg1 cohorts 445:451 cohorts 445:451 cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 445:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 28 from lubricin 416:423 arg1 SF 437:438 SF 437:438 SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 437:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 29 theme quantitative 353:364 arg1 data 366:369 the first reporting quantitative data 333:369 the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 333:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 29 theme quantitative 353:364 arg1 study 324:328 Our study 320:328 Our study 320:328 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 0 30 theme Articular 0:8 arg1 Lubricants 16:25 Articular Joint Lubricants 0:25 Articular Joint Lubricants during Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis 0:72 Articular Joint Lubricants during Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Display Altered Levels and Molecular Species. 25933137 1 31 theme joints 272:277 arg1 lubrication 247:257 the boundary lubrication 234:257 the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF) 234:317 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 11 32 from lubricants 1423:1432 arg1 lubricin 1445:1452 lubricin 1445:1452 lubricin 1445:1452 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 32 from lubricants 1423:1432 arg1 SF--HA 1437:1442 SF--HA 1437:1442 SF--HA 1437:1442 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 32 from lubricants 1423:1432 arg1 stage 1488:1492 stage 1488:1492 stage of OA 1488:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 32 from lubricants 1423:1432 arg1 PLs--vary 1455:1463 PLs--vary 1455:1463 PLs--vary with joint disease 1455:1482 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 12 33 theme joint 1612:1616 arg1 diseases 1618:1625 widespread joint diseases 1601:1625 widespread joint diseases 1601:1625 Our study is the first delivering a comprehensive view about all joint lubricants during health and widespread joint diseases. 25933137 9 34 theme MW 1132:1133 arg1 distribution 1135:1146 the MW distribution 1128:1146 the MW distribution of HA 1128:1152 Moreover, the MW distribution of HA shifted toward the lower ranges in OA and RA SF. 25933137 1 35 theme BACKGROUND 120:129 arg1 HA 148:149 HA 148:149 HA 148:149 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 1 35 theme BACKGROUND 120:129 arg1 acid 142:145 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid 120:145 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA) 120:150 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 10 36 theme relative 1256:1263 arg1 distribution 1265:1276 the relative distribution 1252:1276 the relative distribution of PLs 1252:1283 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 2 37 theme molecular 381:389 arg1 MW 399:400 MW 399:400 MW 399:400 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 37 theme molecular 381:389 arg1 weight 391:396 the molecular weight 377:396 the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 377:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 11 38 from distribution 1387:1398 arg1 lubricin 1445:1452 lubricin 1445:1452 lubricin 1445:1452 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 38 from distribution 1387:1398 arg1 SF--HA 1437:1442 SF--HA 1437:1442 SF--HA 1437:1442 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 38 from distribution 1387:1398 arg1 stage 1488:1492 stage 1488:1492 stage of OA 1488:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 38 from distribution 1387:1398 arg1 PLs--vary 1455:1463 PLs--vary 1455:1463 PLs--vary with joint disease 1455:1482 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 6 39 theme mass 876:879 arg1 spectrometry 881:892 mass spectrometry 876:892 mass spectrometry 876:892 Fatty acids (FAs) were analyzed by gas chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry. 25933137 0 40 theme Rheumatoid 53:62 arg1 Arthritis 64:72 Rheumatoid Arthritis 53:72 Rheumatoid Arthritis 53:72 Articular Joint Lubricants during Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Display Altered Levels and Molecular Species. 25933137 3 41 dep METHODS 592:598 arg1 used 603:606 used 603:606 used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA 603:658 METHODS We used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA. 25933137 12 42 theme joint 1566:1570 arg1 lubricants 1572:1581 all joint lubricants 1562:1581 all joint lubricants 1562:1581 Our study is the first delivering a comprehensive view about all joint lubricants during health and widespread joint diseases. 25933137 10 43 from lengths 1327:1333 arg1 distribution 1265:1276 the relative distribution 1252:1276 the relative distribution of PLs 1252:1283 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 10 43 from lengths 1327:1333 arg1 degree 1293:1298 the degree 1289:1298 the degree of FA saturation 1289:1315 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 2 44 theme -stage 512:517 arg1 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 44 theme -stage 512:517 arg1 osteoarthritis 519:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis 486:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA) 486:537 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 45 with donors 464:469 arg1 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 45 with donors 464:469 arg1 RA 587:588 RA 587:588 RA 587:588 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 45 with donors 464:469 arg1 arthritis 576:584 active rheumatoid arthritis 558:584 active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 558:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 45 with donors 464:469 arg1 osteoarthritis 519:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis 486:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA) 486:537 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 8 46 dep OA 1104:1105 arg1 SF 1114:1115 SF 1114:1115 SF 1114:1115 RESULTS Compared with control SF, the concentrations of HA and lubricin were lower in OA and RA SF, whereas those of PLs were higher in OA and RA SF. 25933137 2 47 theme first 337:341 arg1 data 366:369 the first reporting quantitative data 333:369 the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 333:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 47 theme first 337:341 arg1 study 324:328 Our study 320:328 Our study 320:328 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 48 with patients 472:479 arg1 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 48 with patients 472:479 arg1 RA 587:588 RA 587:588 RA 587:588 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 48 with patients 472:479 arg1 arthritis 576:584 active rheumatoid arthritis 558:584 active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 558:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 48 with patients 472:479 arg1 osteoarthritis 519:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis 486:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA) 486:537 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 49 dep early 486:490 arg1 eOA 493:495 eOA 493:495 eOA 493:495 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 9 50 theme HA 1151:1152 arg1 distribution 1135:1146 the MW distribution 1128:1146 the MW distribution of HA 1128:1152 Moreover, the MW distribution of HA shifted toward the lower ranges in OA and RA SF. 25933137 10 51 theme FA 1303:1304 arg1 saturation 1306:1315 FA saturation 1303:1315 FA saturation 1303:1315 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 1 52 theme boundary 238:245 arg1 lubrication 247:257 the boundary lubrication 234:257 the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF) 234:317 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 8 53 theme control 990:996 arg1 SF 998:999 control SF 990:999 control SF 990:999 RESULTS Compared with control SF, the concentrations of HA and lubricin were lower in OA and RA SF, whereas those of PLs were higher in OA and RA SF. 25933137 2 54 theme late 502:505 arg1 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 54 theme late 502:505 arg1 osteoarthritis 519:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis 486:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA) 486:537 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 10 55 theme FAs 1338:1340 arg1 lengths 1327:1333 chain lengths 1321:1333 chain lengths of FAs 1321:1340 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 10 55 theme FAs 1338:1340 arg1 cohorts 1241:1247 cohorts 1241:1247 cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation 1241:1315 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 7 56 theme gel 947:949 arg1 electrophoresis 951:965 agarose gel electrophoresis 939:965 agarose gel electrophoresis 939:965 The MW distribution of HA was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25933137 4 57 theme immunosorbent 715:727 arg1 assay 729:733 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 701:733 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 701:733 HA and lubricin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 25933137 13 58 theme joint 1714:1718 arg1 destruction 1720:1730 joint destruction 1714:1730 joint destruction 1714:1730 Thus, we provide the framework to develop new optimal compounded lubricants to reduce joint destruction. 25933137 4 59 theme lubricin 668:675 arg1 levels 677:682 HA and lubricin levels 661:682 HA and lubricin levels 661:682 HA and lubricin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 25933137 11 60 theme known 1417:1421 arg1 lubricants 1423:1432 all currently known lubricants 1403:1432 all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA 1403:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 13 61 theme new 1670:1672 arg1 lubricants 1693:1702 new optimal compounded lubricants 1670:1702 new optimal compounded lubricants 1670:1702 Thus, we provide the framework to develop new optimal compounded lubricants to reduce joint destruction. 25933137 8 62 theme HA 1024:1025 arg1 concentrations 1006:1019 the concentrations 1002:1019 the concentrations of HA and lubricin 1002:1038 RESULTS Compared with control SF, the concentrations of HA and lubricin were lower in OA and RA SF, whereas those of PLs were higher in OA and RA SF. 25933137 8 62 theme HA 1024:1025 arg1 lower 1045:1049 lower 1045:1049 lower 1045:1049 RESULTS Compared with control SF, the concentrations of HA and lubricin were lower in OA and RA SF, whereas those of PLs were higher in OA and RA SF. 25933137 4 63 link enzyme-linked 701:713 arg1 assay 729:733 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 701:733 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 701:733 HA and lubricin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 25933137 13 64 theme compounded 1682:1691 arg1 lubricants 1693:1702 new optimal compounded lubricants 1670:1702 new optimal compounded lubricants 1670:1702 Thus, we provide the framework to develop new optimal compounded lubricants to reduce joint destruction. 25933137 8 65 theme lubricin 1031:1038 arg1 concentrations 1006:1019 the concentrations 1002:1019 the concentrations of HA and lubricin 1002:1038 RESULTS Compared with control SF, the concentrations of HA and lubricin were lower in OA and RA SF, whereas those of PLs were higher in OA and RA SF. 25933137 8 65 theme lubricin 1031:1038 arg1 lower 1045:1049 lower 1045:1049 lower 1045:1049 RESULTS Compared with control SF, the concentrations of HA and lubricin were lower in OA and RA SF, whereas those of PLs were higher in OA and RA SF. 25933137 2 66 theme patients 472:479 arg1 cohorts 445:451 cohorts 445:451 cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 445:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 67 from PLs 430:432 arg1 cohorts 445:451 cohorts 445:451 cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 445:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 67 from PLs 430:432 arg1 SF 437:438 SF 437:438 SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 437:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 3 68 theme human 608:612 arg1 SF 614:615 human SF 608:615 human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA 608:658 METHODS We used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA. 25933137 7 69 theme MW 899:900 arg1 distribution 902:913 The MW distribution 895:913 The MW distribution of HA 895:919 The MW distribution of HA was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. 25933137 6 70 theme Fatty 808:812 arg1 FAs 821:823 FAs 821:823 FAs 821:823 Fatty acids (FAs) were analyzed by gas chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry. 25933137 6 70 theme Fatty 808:812 arg1 acids 814:818 Fatty acids 808:818 Fatty acids (FAs) 808:824 Fatty acids (FAs) were analyzed by gas chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry. 25933137 2 71 theme donors 464:469 arg1 cohorts 445:451 cohorts 445:451 cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 445:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 72 from SF 437:438 arg1 forms 403:407 the molecular weight (MW) forms 377:407 the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 377:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 11 73 from SF--HA 1437:1442 arg1 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 73 from SF--HA 1437:1442 arg1 levels 1359:1364 The levels 1355:1364 The levels 1355:1364 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 73 from SF--HA 1437:1442 arg1 distribution 1387:1398 MW distribution 1384:1398 MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA 1384:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 1 74 theme Hyaluronic 131:140 arg1 HA 148:149 HA 148:149 HA 148:149 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 1 74 theme Hyaluronic 131:140 arg1 acid 142:145 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid 120:145 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA) 120:150 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 2 75 dep late 502:505 arg1 lOA 508:510 lOA 508:510 lOA 508:510 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 11 76 from stage 1488:1492 arg1 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 composition 1367:1377 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 76 from stage 1488:1492 arg1 levels 1359:1364 The levels 1355:1364 The levels 1355:1364 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 76 from stage 1488:1492 arg1 distribution 1387:1398 MW distribution 1384:1398 MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA 1384:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 2 77 from cohorts 445:451 arg1 SF 437:438 SF 437:438 SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 437:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 77 from cohorts 445:451 arg1 lubricin 416:423 lubricin 416:423 lubricin 416:423 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 77 from cohorts 445:451 arg1 PLs 430:432 PLs 430:432 PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 430:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 77 from cohorts 445:451 arg1 HA 412:413 HA 412:413 HA 412:413 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 5 78 theme ionization 771:780 arg1 spectrometry 794:805 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 758:805 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 758:805 PLs was quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. 25933137 2 79 theme early 486:490 arg1 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 79 theme early 486:490 arg1 osteoarthritis 519:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis 486:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA) 486:537 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 9 80 dep OA 1189:1190 arg1 SF 1199:1200 SF 1199:1200 SF 1199:1200 Moreover, the MW distribution of HA shifted toward the lower ranges in OA and RA SF. 25933137 11 81 theme OA 1497:1498 arg1 lubricin 1445:1452 lubricin 1445:1452 lubricin 1445:1452 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 81 theme OA 1497:1498 arg1 SF--HA 1437:1442 SF--HA 1437:1442 SF--HA 1437:1442 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 81 theme OA 1497:1498 arg1 stage 1488:1492 stage 1488:1492 stage of OA 1488:1498 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 11 81 theme OA 1497:1498 arg1 PLs--vary 1455:1463 PLs--vary 1455:1463 PLs--vary with joint disease 1455:1482 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 0 82 theme Altered 82:88 arg1 Levels 90:95 Altered Levels 82:95 Altered Levels 82:95 Articular Joint Lubricants during Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Display Altered Levels and Molecular Species. 25933137 11 83 with stage 1488:1492 arg1 disease 1476:1482 joint disease 1470:1482 joint disease 1470:1482 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 6 84 theme gas 843:845 arg1 chromatography 847:860 gas chromatography 843:860 gas chromatography 843:860 Fatty acids (FAs) were analyzed by gas chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry. 25933137 3 85 from controls 633:640 arg1 SF 614:615 human SF 608:615 human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA 608:658 METHODS We used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA. 25933137 2 86 with patients 544:551 arg1 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 OA 535:536 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 86 with patients 544:551 arg1 RA 587:588 RA 587:588 RA 587:588 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 86 with patients 544:551 arg1 arthritis 576:584 active rheumatoid arthritis 558:584 active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 558:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 86 with patients 544:551 arg1 osteoarthritis 519:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis 486:532 early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA) 486:537 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 87 theme active 558:563 arg1 RA 587:588 RA 587:588 RA 587:588 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 87 theme active 558:563 arg1 arthritis 576:584 active rheumatoid arthritis 558:584 active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 558:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 0 88 theme Joint 10:14 arg1 Lubricants 16:25 Articular Joint Lubricants 0:25 Articular Joint Lubricants during Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis 0:72 Articular Joint Lubricants during Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Display Altered Levels and Molecular Species. 25933137 5 89 theme mass 789:792 arg1 spectrometry 794:805 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 758:805 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 758:805 PLs was quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. 25933137 2 90 theme patients 544:551 arg1 cohorts 445:451 cohorts 445:451 cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 445:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 91 theme reporting 343:351 arg1 data 366:369 the first reporting quantitative data 333:369 the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 333:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 91 theme reporting 343:351 arg1 study 324:328 Our study 320:328 Our study 320:328 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 12 92 theme widespread 1601:1610 arg1 diseases 1618:1625 widespread joint diseases 1601:1625 widespread joint diseases 1601:1625 Our study is the first delivering a comprehensive view about all joint lubricants during health and widespread joint diseases. 25933137 8 93 dep OA 1054:1055 arg1 SF 1064:1065 SF 1064:1065 SF 1064:1065 RESULTS Compared with control SF, the concentrations of HA and lubricin were lower in OA and RA SF, whereas those of PLs were higher in OA and RA SF. 25933137 2 94 theme weight 391:396 arg1 forms 403:407 the molecular weight (MW) forms 377:407 the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 377:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 2 95 theme lubricin 416:423 arg1 forms 403:407 the molecular weight (MW) forms 377:407 the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 377:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 1 96 theme synovial 299:306 arg1 SF 315:316 SF 315:316 SF 315:316 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 1 96 theme synovial 299:306 arg1 fluid 308:312 synovial fluid 299:312 synovial fluid (SF) 299:317 BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). 25933137 9 97 from ranges 1179:1184 arg1 RA 1196:1197 RA 1196:1197 RA 1196:1197 Moreover, the MW distribution of HA shifted toward the lower ranges in OA and RA SF. 25933137 9 97 from ranges 1179:1184 arg1 OA 1189:1190 OA 1189:1190 OA 1189:1190 Moreover, the MW distribution of HA shifted toward the lower ranges in OA and RA SF. 25933137 12 98 theme comprehensive 1537:1549 arg1 view 1551:1554 a comprehensive view 1535:1554 a comprehensive view about all joint lubricants 1535:1581 Our study is the first delivering a comprehensive view about all joint lubricants during health and widespread joint diseases. 25933137 2 99 theme HA 412:413 arg1 forms 403:407 the molecular weight (MW) forms 377:407 the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 377:589 Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25933137 11 100 theme joint 1470:1474 arg1 disease 1476:1482 joint disease 1470:1482 joint disease 1470:1482 CONCLUSIONS The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. 25933137 4 101 theme HA 661:662 arg1 levels 677:682 HA and lubricin levels 661:682 HA and lubricin levels 661:682 HA and lubricin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 25933137 10 102 theme PLs 1281:1283 arg1 distribution 1265:1276 the relative distribution 1252:1276 the relative distribution of PLs 1252:1283 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 10 102 theme PLs 1281:1283 arg1 degree 1293:1298 the degree 1289:1298 the degree of FA saturation 1289:1315 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 9 103 theme lower 1173:1177 arg1 ranges 1179:1184 the lower ranges 1169:1184 the lower ranges in OA and RA SF 1169:1200 Moreover, the MW distribution of HA shifted toward the lower ranges in OA and RA SF. 25933137 10 104 theme saturation 1306:1315 arg1 distribution 1265:1276 the relative distribution 1252:1276 the relative distribution of PLs 1252:1283 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 25933137 10 104 theme saturation 1306:1315 arg1 degree 1293:1298 the degree 1289:1298 the degree of FA saturation 1289:1315 We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs. 24554638 6 0 theme Bavariicoccus 848:860 arg1 representatives 818:832 representatives 818:832 representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella 818:895 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 13 1 theme type 1703:1706 arg1 EX-07T 1747:1752 EX-07T 1747:1752 EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T) 1747:1778 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis is EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T). 24554638 13 1 theme type 1703:1706 arg1 strain 1708:1713 The type strain 1699:1713 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis 1699:1742 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis is EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T). 24554638 7 2 theme Trichococcus 1045:1056 arg1 species 1024:1030 all species 1020:1030 all species of the genus Trichococcus 1020:1056 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 13 3 theme =KCCM 1755:1759 arg1 EX-07T 1747:1752 EX-07T 1747:1752 EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T) 1747:1778 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis is EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T). 24554638 13 3 theme =KCCM 1755:1759 arg1 19215T 1772:1777 =KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T 1755:1777 =KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T 1755:1777 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis is EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T). 24554638 7 4 theme species 1024:1030 arg1 % 968:968 81.3 to 82.8% 956:968 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate 956:994 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 7 4 theme species 1024:1030 arg1 species 1024:1030 all species 1020:1030 all species of the genus Trichococcus 1020:1056 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 7 4 theme species 1024:1030 arg1 strains 1009:1015 the type strains 1000:1015 the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus 1000:1056 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 6 5 theme patagoniensis 704:716 arg1 strains 656:662 the type strains 647:662 the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris 647:796 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 2 6 theme Korean 231:236 arg1 food 250:253 Korean traditional food 231:253 Korean traditional food 231:253 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain EX-07T, was isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 2 6 theme Korean 231:236 arg1 seujeot 222:228 seujeot 222:228 seujeot (Korean traditional food) 222:254 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain EX-07T, was isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 11 7 theme genotypic 1455:1463 arg1 results 1480:1486 the genotypic and phenotypic results 1451:1486 the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study 1451:1509 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 7 8 with % 1081:1081 arg1 strains 1093:1099 type strains 1088:1099 type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus 1088:1138 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 7 9 theme type 1004:1007 arg1 strains 1009:1015 the type strains 1000:1015 the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus 1000:1056 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 7 10 dep % 968:968 arg1 to 961:962 to 961:962 to 961:962 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 7 11 theme novel 982:986 arg1 isolate 988:994 the novel isolate 978:994 the novel isolate 978:994 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 2 12 theme strain 189:194 arg1 EX-07T 196:201 strain EX-07T 189:201 strain EX-07T 189:201 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain EX-07T, was isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 6 13 theme Carnobacterium 863:876 arg1 representatives 818:832 representatives 818:832 representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella 818:895 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 8 14 theme DNA 1205:1207 arg1 % 1221:1221 39.6 mol% 1213:1221 39.6 mol% 1213:1221 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.6 mol%. 24554638 8 14 theme DNA 1205:1207 arg1 content 1182:1188 The G+C content 1174:1188 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1174:1207 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.6 mol%. 24554638 6 15 theme 16S 570:572 arg1 rRNA 574:577 The 16S rRNA 566:577 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain 566:611 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 11 16 theme name 1635:1638 arg1 nov. 1671:1674 the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 1631:1674 the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 1631:1674 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 7 17 theme Bavariicoccus 1126:1138 arg1 members 1104:1110 members 1104:1110 members of the genera Bavariicoccus 1104:1138 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 11 18 dep sp 1677:1678 arg1 nov. 1671:1674 the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 1631:1674 the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 1631:1674 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 7 19 theme 75.3 1077:1080 arg1 % 1081:1081 74.2 and 75.3% 1068:1081 % 1081:1081 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 1 20 theme traditional 119:129 arg1 seujeot 103:109 seujeot 103:109 seujeot (Korean traditional food) 103:135 nov., a member of the family Carnobacteriaceae, isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 1 20 theme traditional 119:129 arg1 food 131:134 Korean traditional food 112:134 Korean traditional food 112:134 nov., a member of the family Carnobacteriaceae, isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 11 21 from Carnobacteriaceae 1603:1619 arg1 species 1566:1572 a novel species 1558:1572 a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp 1558:1678 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 4 22 dep 9 454:454 arg1 to 451:452 to 451:452 to 451:452 Growth occurred at pH 7-9, at 10-37 °C and with up to 9% NaCl. 24554638 10 23 theme polar 1298:1302 arg1 profile 1310:1316 The polar lipid profile 1294:1316 The polar lipid profile 1294:1316 The polar lipid profile was very complex and included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. 24554638 10 23 theme polar 1298:1302 arg1 complex 1327:1333 complex 1327:1333 complex 1327:1333 The polar lipid profile was very complex and included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. 24554638 11 24 theme dankookensis 1653:1664 arg1 nov. 1671:1674 the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 1631:1674 the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 1631:1674 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 7 25 theme members 1104:1110 arg1 strains 1093:1099 type strains 1088:1099 type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus 1088:1138 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 7 26 theme Sequence 898:905 arg1 similarities 907:918 Sequence similarities 898:918 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene 898:942 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 11 27 from genus 1583:1587 arg1 Carnobacteriaceae 1603:1619 the family Carnobacteriaceae 1592:1619 the family Carnobacteriaceae 1592:1619 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 6 28 theme novel 600:604 arg1 strain 606:611 the novel strain 596:611 the novel strain 596:611 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 0 29 theme Jeotgalibaca 0:11 arg1 nov. 31:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 0:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 0:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 1 30 theme family 63:68 arg1 Carnobacteriaceae 70:86 the family Carnobacteriaceae 59:86 the family Carnobacteriaceae 59:86 nov., a member of the family Carnobacteriaceae, isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 11 31 from species 1566:1572 arg1 Carnobacteriaceae 1603:1619 the family Carnobacteriaceae 1592:1619 the family Carnobacteriaceae 1592:1619 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 0 32 theme gen. 26:29 arg1 nov. 31:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 0:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 0:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 9 33 theme predominant 1228:1238 arg1 C18:1ω9c 1267:1274 C18:1ω9c 1267:1274 C18:1ω9c 1267:1274 The predominant fatty acids were C16:1ω9c, C18:1ω9c, C16:0 and C14:0. 24554638 9 33 theme predominant 1228:1238 arg1 acids 1246:1250 The predominant fatty acids 1224:1250 The predominant fatty acids 1224:1250 The predominant fatty acids were C16:1ω9c, C18:1ω9c, C16:0 and C14:0. 24554638 6 34 theme gene 579:582 arg1 sequence 584:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 566:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain 566:611 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 10 35 theme several 1377:1383 arg1 glycolipids 1411:1421 glycolipids 1411:1421 glycolipids 1411:1421 The polar lipid profile was very complex and included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. 24554638 10 35 theme several 1377:1383 arg1 aminolipids 1398:1408 several unidentified aminolipids 1377:1408 several unidentified aminolipids 1377:1408 The polar lipid profile was very complex and included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. 24554638 10 35 theme several 1377:1383 arg1 phospholipids 1427:1439 phospholipids 1427:1439 phospholipids 1427:1439 The polar lipid profile was very complex and included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. 24554638 2 36 theme novel 140:144 arg1 bacterium 167:175 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium 138:175 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium 138:175 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain EX-07T, was isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 13 37 theme dankookensis 1731:1742 arg1 EX-07T 1747:1752 EX-07T 1747:1752 EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T) 1747:1778 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis is EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T). 24554638 13 37 theme dankookensis 1731:1742 arg1 strain 1708:1713 The type strain 1699:1713 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis 1699:1742 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis is EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T). 24554638 7 38 theme 74.2 1068:1071 arg1 % 1081:1081 74.2 and 75.3% 1068:1081 % 1081:1081 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 11 39 theme new 1579:1581 arg1 genus 1583:1587 a new genus 1577:1587 a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae 1577:1619 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 4 40 dep NaCl 457:460 arg1 % 455:455 % 455:455 % 455:455 Growth occurred at pH 7-9, at 10-37 °C and with up to 9% NaCl. 24554638 6 41 theme Trichococcus 775:786 arg1 palustris 788:796 Trichococcus palustris 775:796 Trichococcus palustris 775:796 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 11 42 theme phenotypic 1469:1478 arg1 results 1480:1486 the genotypic and phenotypic results 1451:1486 the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study 1451:1509 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 6 43 theme type 651:654 arg1 strains 656:662 the type strains 647:662 the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris 647:796 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 6 44 theme flocculiformis 756:769 arg1 strains 656:662 the type strains 647:662 the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris 647:796 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 11 45 theme family 1596:1601 arg1 Carnobacteriaceae 1603:1619 the family Carnobacteriaceae 1592:1619 the family Carnobacteriaceae 1592:1619 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 6 46 with % 811:811 arg1 representatives 818:832 representatives 818:832 representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella 818:895 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 6 46 with % 811:811 arg1 strains 656:662 the type strains 647:662 the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris 647:796 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 7 47 theme genus 1039:1043 arg1 Trichococcus 1045:1056 the genus Trichococcus 1035:1056 the genus Trichococcus 1035:1056 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 6 48 theme % 629:629 arg1 similarity 631:640 94.2-94.5% similarity 620:640 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris 620:796 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 6 49 theme genera 841:846 arg1 Bavariicoccus 848:860 the genera Bavariicoccus 837:860 the genera Bavariicoccus 837:860 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 6 50 with similarity 631:640 arg1 representatives 818:832 representatives 818:832 representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella 818:895 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 6 50 with similarity 631:640 arg1 strains 656:662 the type strains 647:662 the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris 647:796 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 6 51 theme collinsii 732:740 arg1 strains 656:662 the type strains 647:662 the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris 647:796 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 2 52 dep novel 140:144 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 147:165 Gram-stain-positive 147:165 Gram-stain-positive 147:165 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain EX-07T, was isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 2 53 theme traditional 238:248 arg1 food 250:253 Korean traditional food 231:253 Korean traditional food 231:253 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain EX-07T, was isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 2 53 theme traditional 238:248 arg1 seujeot 222:228 seujeot 222:228 seujeot (Korean traditional food) 222:254 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain EX-07T, was isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 11 54 theme novel 1560:1564 arg1 species 1566:1572 a novel species 1558:1572 a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp 1558:1678 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 5 55 theme carbon 550:555 arg1 sugars 522:527 sugars 522:527 sugars 522:527 Isolate EX-07T was catalase- and oxidase-negative and used sugars and organic acids as carbon sources. 24554638 5 55 theme carbon 550:555 arg1 acids 541:545 organic acids 533:545 organic acids 533:545 Isolate EX-07T was catalase- and oxidase-negative and used sugars and organic acids as carbon sources. 24554638 5 55 theme carbon 550:555 arg1 sources 557:563 carbon sources 550:563 carbon sources 550:563 Isolate EX-07T was catalase- and oxidase-negative and used sugars and organic acids as carbon sources. 24554638 6 56 theme pasteurii 680:688 arg1 strains 656:662 the type strains 647:662 the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris 647:796 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 8 57 theme G+C 1178:1180 arg1 % 1221:1221 39.6 mol% 1213:1221 39.6 mol% 1213:1221 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.6 mol%. 24554638 8 57 theme G+C 1178:1180 arg1 content 1182:1188 The G+C content 1174:1188 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1174:1207 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.6 mol%. 24554638 5 58 theme Isolate 463:469 arg1 EX-07T 471:476 Isolate EX-07T 463:476 Isolate EX-07T 463:476 Isolate EX-07T was catalase- and oxidase-negative and used sugars and organic acids as carbon sources. 24554638 6 59 theme rRNA 574:577 arg1 sequence 584:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 566:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain 566:611 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 8 60 theme genomic 1197:1203 arg1 DNA 1205:1207 the genomic DNA 1193:1207 the genomic DNA 1193:1207 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.6 mol%. 24554638 11 61 theme Jeotgalibaca 1640:1651 arg1 nov. 1671:1674 the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 1631:1674 the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 1631:1674 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 7 62 theme genera 1119:1124 arg1 Bavariicoccus 1126:1138 the genera Bavariicoccus 1115:1138 the genera Bavariicoccus 1115:1138 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 1 63 theme Korean 112:117 arg1 seujeot 103:109 seujeot 103:109 seujeot (Korean traditional food) 103:135 nov., a member of the family Carnobacteriaceae, isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 1 63 theme Korean 112:117 arg1 food 131:134 Korean traditional food 112:134 Korean traditional food 112:134 nov., a member of the family Carnobacteriaceae, isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 2 64 attach isolated 208:215 arg1 food 250:253 Korean traditional food 231:253 Korean traditional food 231:253 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain EX-07T, was isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 2 64 attach isolated 208:215 arg2 bacterium 167:175 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium 138:175 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium 138:175 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain EX-07T, was isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 2 64 attach isolated 208:215 arg1 seujeot 222:228 seujeot 222:228 seujeot (Korean traditional food) 222:254 A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain EX-07T, was isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 13 65 theme 90229T=JCM 1761:1770 arg1 EX-07T 1747:1752 EX-07T 1747:1752 EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T) 1747:1778 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis is EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T). 24554638 13 65 theme 90229T=JCM 1761:1770 arg1 19215T 1772:1777 =KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T 1755:1777 =KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T 1755:1777 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis is EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T). 24554638 4 66 dep % 455:455 arg1 9 454:454 9 454:454 9 454:454 Growth occurred at pH 7-9, at 10-37 °C and with up to 9% NaCl. 24554638 7 67 theme groEL 933:937 arg1 gene 939:942 the groEL gene 929:942 the groEL gene 929:942 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 8 68 theme mol 1218:1220 arg1 content 1182:1188 The G+C content 1174:1188 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1174:1207 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.6 mol%. 24554638 8 68 theme mol 1218:1220 arg1 % 1221:1221 39.6 mol% 1213:1221 39.6 mol% 1213:1221 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.6 mol%. 24554638 10 69 theme lipid 1304:1308 arg1 profile 1310:1316 The polar lipid profile 1294:1316 The polar lipid profile 1294:1316 The polar lipid profile was very complex and included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. 24554638 10 69 theme lipid 1304:1308 arg1 complex 1327:1333 complex 1327:1333 complex 1327:1333 The polar lipid profile was very complex and included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. 24554638 6 70 theme 94.2-94.5 620:628 arg1 % 629:629 % 629:629 % 629:629 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 11 71 theme gen. 1666:1669 arg1 nov. 1671:1674 the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 1631:1674 the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 1631:1674 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 7 72 theme type 1088:1091 arg1 strains 1093:1099 type strains 1088:1099 type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus 1088:1138 Sequence similarities based on the groEL gene ranged from 81.3 to 82.8% between the novel isolate and the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus, and only 74.2 and 75.3% with type strains of members of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella, respectively. 24554638 5 73 theme organic 533:539 arg1 sugars 522:527 sugars 522:527 sugars 522:527 Isolate EX-07T was catalase- and oxidase-negative and used sugars and organic acids as carbon sources. 24554638 5 73 theme organic 533:539 arg1 acids 541:545 organic acids 533:545 organic acids 533:545 Isolate EX-07T was catalase- and oxidase-negative and used sugars and organic acids as carbon sources. 24554638 5 73 theme organic 533:539 arg1 sources 557:563 carbon sources 550:563 carbon sources 550:563 Isolate EX-07T was catalase- and oxidase-negative and used sugars and organic acids as carbon sources. 24554638 6 74 theme strain 606:611 arg1 sequence 584:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 566:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain 566:611 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 0 75 theme dankookensis 13:24 arg1 nov. 31:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 0:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 0:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 3 76 theme irregular 375:383 arg1 conglomerates 385:397 irregular conglomerates 375:397 irregular conglomerates 375:397 The strain was aerobic, halotolerant and non-motile; it formed cocci that grouped into tetrads and sarcinae or formed irregular conglomerates. 24554638 1 77 theme Carnobacteriaceae 70:86 arg1 member 49:54 a member 47:54 a member of the family Carnobacteriaceae 47:86 nov., a member of the family Carnobacteriaceae, isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 1 77 theme Carnobacteriaceae 70:86 arg1 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov., a member of the family Carnobacteriaceae, isolated from seujeot (Korean traditional food). 24554638 10 78 theme unidentified 1385:1396 arg1 glycolipids 1411:1421 glycolipids 1411:1421 glycolipids 1411:1421 The polar lipid profile was very complex and included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. 24554638 10 78 theme unidentified 1385:1396 arg1 aminolipids 1398:1408 several unidentified aminolipids 1377:1408 several unidentified aminolipids 1377:1408 The polar lipid profile was very complex and included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. 24554638 10 78 theme unidentified 1385:1396 arg1 phospholipids 1427:1439 phospholipids 1427:1439 phospholipids 1427:1439 The polar lipid profile was very complex and included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. 24554638 11 79 theme genus 1583:1587 arg1 species 1566:1572 a novel species 1558:1572 a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp 1558:1678 Based on the genotypic and phenotypic results obtained in this study, it is proposed that isolate EX-07T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Carnobacteriaceae for which the name Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 13 80 theme Jeotgalibaca 1718:1729 arg1 dankookensis 1731:1742 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis 1718:1742 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis 1718:1742 The type strain of Jeotgalibaca dankookensis is EX-07T (=KCCM 90229T=JCM 19215T). 24554638 9 81 theme fatty 1240:1244 arg1 C18:1ω9c 1267:1274 C18:1ω9c 1267:1274 C18:1ω9c 1267:1274 The predominant fatty acids were C16:1ω9c, C18:1ω9c, C16:0 and C14:0. 24554638 9 81 theme fatty 1240:1244 arg1 acids 1246:1250 The predominant fatty acids 1224:1250 The predominant fatty acids 1224:1250 The predominant fatty acids were C16:1ω9c, C18:1ω9c, C16:0 and C14:0. 24554638 5 82 used used 517:520 arg2 EX-07T 471:476 Isolate EX-07T 463:476 Isolate EX-07T 463:476 Isolate EX-07T was catalase- and oxidase-negative and used sugars and organic acids as carbon sources. 24554638 6 83 theme palustris 788:796 arg1 strains 656:662 the type strains 647:662 the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris 647:796 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24554638 0 84 dep sp 37:38 arg1 nov. 31:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 0:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov. 0:34 Jeotgalibaca dankookensis gen. nov., sp. 24554638 6 85 theme Granulicatella 882:895 arg1 representatives 818:832 representatives 818:832 representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella 818:895 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed 94.2-94.5% similarity with the type strains of Trichococcus pasteurii, Trichococcus patagoniensis, Trichococcus collinsii, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Trichococcus palustris and only 92.2% with representatives of the genera Bavariicoccus, Carnobacterium and Granulicatella. 24422537 6 0 theme infrared 1064:1071 arg1 analyses 1080:1087 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses 1046:1087 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses 1046:1087 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 3 1 theme grafting 527:534 arg1 peptides 541:548 chemically grafting RGDC peptides 516:548 chemically grafting RGDC peptides 516:548 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 8 2 theme great 1544:1548 arg1 interest 1550:1557 great interest 1544:1557 great interest 1544:1557 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 4 3 theme silicon 847:853 arg1 % 842:842 0.7% 839:842 0.7% of silicon 839:853 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 4 3 theme silicon 847:853 arg1 silicon 847:853 silicon 847:853 silicon 847:853 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 7 4 theme low 1349:1351 arg1 level 1353:1357 a low level 1347:1357 a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC 1347:1399 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 3 5 theme gentamicin 700:709 arg1 attachment 686:695 covalent attachment 677:695 covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network 677:753 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 6 6 theme characteristic 1180:1193 arg1 C═O 1164:1166 the valence bond C═O 1147:1166 the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)) 1147:1175 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 6 6 theme characteristic 1180:1193 arg1 transition 1207:1216 a characteristic vibrational transition 1178:1216 a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1178:1298 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 7 7 theme nitrogen 1373:1380 arg1 level 1353:1357 a low level 1347:1357 a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC 1347:1399 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 8 8 theme wound 1754:1758 arg1 healing 1760:1766 improved wound healing 1745:1766 improved wound healing 1745:1766 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 8 9 theme gentamicin-RGDC-grafted 1564:1586 arg1 membranes 1591:1599 the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes 1560:1599 the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes 1560:1599 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 8 9 theme gentamicin-RGDC-grafted 1564:1586 arg1 bactericidal 1605:1616 bactericidal 1605:1616 bactericidal 1605:1616 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 8 9 theme gentamicin-RGDC-grafted 1564:1586 arg1 useful 1704:1709 useful 1704:1709 useful 1704:1709 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 7 10 theme carbon 1362:1367 arg1 level 1353:1357 a low level 1347:1357 a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC 1347:1399 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 6 11 theme secondary 1115:1123 arg1 amide 1125:1129 the secondary amide 1111:1129 the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1111:1298 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 7 12 theme membrane 1497:1504 arg1 modification 1474:1485 the surface modification 1462:1485 the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment 1462:1538 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 8 13 theme delivery 1777:1784 arg1 systems 1786:1792 drug delivery systems 1772:1792 drug delivery systems 1772:1792 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 7 14 theme Energy-dispersive 1301:1317 arg1 EDX 1326:1328 EDX 1326:1328 EDX 1326:1328 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 7 14 theme Energy-dispersive 1301:1317 arg1 X-ray 1319:1323 Energy-dispersive X-ray 1301:1323 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses 1301:1338 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 3 15 theme network 747:753 arg1 surface 720:726 the surface 716:726 the surface of the BC membrane network 716:753 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 5 16 theme membrane 1036:1043 arg1 functionalization 1008:1024 the surface functionalization 996:1024 the surface functionalization of the BC membrane 996:1043 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES confirmed the surface functionalization of the BC membrane. 24422537 3 17 theme aspartic 579:586 arg1 acid 588:591 aspartic acid 579:591 arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine 554:604 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 3 18 theme BC 735:736 arg1 network 747:753 the BC membrane network 731:753 the BC membrane network 731:753 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 3 19 dep R 551:551 arg1 arginine 554:561 arginine 554:561 arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine 554:604 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 4 20 theme elemental 867:875 arg1 composition 877:887 elemental composition 867:887 elemental composition 867:887 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 6 21 dep C═O 1164:1166 arg1 ν 1169:1169 ν 1169:1169 ν(C═O) 1169:1174 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 6 21 dep C═O 1164:1166 arg1 C═O 1171:1173 C═O 1171:1173 C═O 1171:1173 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 7 22 dep C 1422:1422 arg1 of 1418:1419 of 1418:1419 of 1418:1419 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 2 23 theme BC 245:246 arg1 effectiveness 248:260 BC effectiveness 245:260 BC effectiveness 245:260 BC effectiveness may be improved by enhancing surface characteristics contributing to a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells and to intrinsically present antimicrobial agents. 24422537 3 24 dep arginine 554:561 arg1 cysteine 597:604 cysteine 597:604 arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine 554:604 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 3 24 dep arginine 554:561 arg1 G 564:564 G 564:564 arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine 554:604 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 3 24 dep arginine 554:561 arg1 acid 588:591 aspartic acid 579:591 arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine 554:604 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 3 24 dep arginine 554:561 arg1 glycine 567:573 glycine 567:573 arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine 554:604 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 3 24 dep arginine 554:561 arg1 C 594:594 C 594:594 arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine 554:604 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 3 24 dep arginine 554:561 arg1 D 576:576 D 576:576 arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine 554:604 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 6 25 theme valence 1151:1157 arg1 C═O 1164:1166 the valence bond C═O 1147:1166 the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)) 1147:1175 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 6 25 theme valence 1151:1157 arg1 transition 1207:1216 a characteristic vibrational transition 1178:1216 a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1178:1298 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 7 26 dep RGDC 1509:1512 arg1 enrichment 1529:1538 enrichment 1529:1538 enrichment 1529:1538 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 8 27 theme dermal 1669:1674 arg1 fibroblasts 1676:1686 human dermal fibroblasts 1663:1686 human dermal fibroblasts 1663:1686 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 0 28 theme RGDC 93:96 arg1 groups 107:112 RGDC grafting groups 93:112 RGDC grafting groups 93:112 Production of biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers functionalized by RGDC grafting groups and gentamicin. 24422537 1 29 theme three-dimensional 158:174 arg1 fibril 176:181 a three-dimensional fibril 156:181 a three-dimensional fibril 156:181 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 1 29 theme three-dimensional 158:174 arg1 cellulose 140:148 Bacterial cellulose 130:148 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 130:153 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 4 30 theme grafting 909:916 arg1 ratio 918:922 a grafting ratio 907:922 a grafting ratio of 1:12 907:930 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 2 31 theme antimicrobial 421:433 arg1 agents 435:440 intrinsically present antimicrobial agents 399:440 intrinsically present antimicrobial agents 399:440 BC effectiveness may be improved by enhancing surface characteristics contributing to a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells and to intrinsically present antimicrobial agents. 24422537 8 32 theme multiple 1715:1722 arg1 healing 1760:1766 improved wound healing 1745:1766 improved wound healing 1745:1766 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 8 32 theme multiple 1715:1722 arg1 applications 1724:1735 multiple applications 1715:1735 multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems 1715:1792 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 8 32 theme multiple 1715:1722 arg1 systems 1786:1792 drug delivery systems 1772:1792 drug delivery systems 1772:1792 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 3 33 theme gentamicin-activated 465:484 arg1 membranes 489:497 gentamicin-activated BC membranes 465:497 gentamicin-activated BC membranes 465:497 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 0 34 theme biocompatible 14:26 arg1 polymers 66:73 biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers 14:73 biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers 14:73 Production of biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers functionalized by RGDC grafting groups and gentamicin. 24422537 7 35 theme high 1407:1410 arg1 level 1412:1416 a high level 1405:1416 a high level of (C + N) 1405:1427 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 3 36 theme coupling 613:620 arg1 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 628:655 coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 613:655 coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network 613:753 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 3 36 theme coupling 613:620 arg1 APTES 658:662 APTES 658:662 APTES 658:662 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 6 37 dep infrared 1064:1071 arg1 FTIR 1074:1077 FTIR 1074:1077 FTIR 1074:1077 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 2 38 theme present 413:419 arg1 agents 435:440 intrinsically present antimicrobial agents 399:440 intrinsically present antimicrobial agents 399:440 BC effectiveness may be improved by enhancing surface characteristics contributing to a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells and to intrinsically present antimicrobial agents. 24422537 0 39 theme antimicrobial 32:44 arg1 polymers 66:73 biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers 14:73 biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers 14:73 Production of biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers functionalized by RGDC grafting groups and gentamicin. 24422537 6 40 from cm 1226:1227 arg1 C═O 1164:1166 the valence bond C═O 1147:1166 the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)) 1147:1175 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 6 40 from cm 1226:1227 arg1 transition 1207:1216 a characteristic vibrational transition 1178:1216 a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1178:1298 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 2 41 theme physiologic 340:350 arg1 interaction 352:362 a better physiologic interaction 331:362 a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells 331:390 BC effectiveness may be improved by enhancing surface characteristics contributing to a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells and to intrinsically present antimicrobial agents. 24422537 0 42 theme cellulose 56:64 arg1 polymers 66:73 biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers 14:73 biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers 14:73 Production of biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers functionalized by RGDC grafting groups and gentamicin. 24422537 7 43 theme pure 1393:1396 arg1 BC 1398:1399 pure BC 1393:1399 pure BC 1393:1399 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 4 44 theme photoelectron 762:774 arg1 spectroscopy 776:787 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 756:787 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses 756:802 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 4 44 theme photoelectron 762:774 arg1 XPS 790:792 XPS 790:792 XPS 790:792 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 1 45 used used 217:220 arg2 polymer 197:203 a natural polymer 187:203 a natural polymer that can be used for many applications 187:242 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 1 45 used used 217:220 arg2 cellulose 140:148 Bacterial cellulose 130:148 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 130:153 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 5 46 theme silicon 949:955 arg1 presence 937:944 The presence 933:944 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES 933:984 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES confirmed the surface functionalization of the BC membrane. 24422537 3 47 theme RGDC 536:539 arg1 peptides 541:548 chemically grafting RGDC peptides 516:548 chemically grafting RGDC peptides 516:548 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 3 48 dep using 607:611 arg1 R 551:551 R 551:551 R 551:551 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 5 49 theme nitrogen 961:968 arg1 presence 937:944 The presence 933:944 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES 933:984 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES confirmed the surface functionalization of the BC membrane. 24422537 3 50 theme covalent 677:684 arg1 attachment 686:695 covalent attachment 677:695 covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network 677:753 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 5 51 from presence 937:944 arg1 BC-APTES 977:984 the BC-APTES 973:984 the BC-APTES 973:984 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES confirmed the surface functionalization of the BC membrane. 24422537 1 52 theme many 226:229 arg1 applications 231:242 many applications 226:242 many applications 226:242 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 6 53 theme Fourier-transform 1046:1062 arg1 analyses 1080:1087 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses 1046:1087 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses 1046:1087 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 6 54 theme vibrational 1195:1205 arg1 C═O 1164:1166 the valence bond C═O 1147:1166 the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)) 1147:1175 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 6 54 theme vibrational 1195:1205 arg1 transition 1207:1216 a characteristic vibrational transition 1178:1216 a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1178:1298 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 8 55 theme improved 1745:1752 arg1 healing 1760:1766 improved wound healing 1745:1766 improved wound healing 1745:1766 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 8 56 theme interest 1550:1557 arg1 useful 1704:1709 useful 1704:1709 useful 1704:1709 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 8 56 theme interest 1550:1557 arg1 membranes 1591:1599 the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes 1560:1599 the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes 1560:1599 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 8 56 theme interest 1550:1557 arg1 bactericidal 1605:1616 bactericidal 1605:1616 bactericidal 1605:1616 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 6 57 theme amide 1125:1129 arg1 formation 1098:1106 the formation 1094:1106 the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1094:1298 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 8 58 theme drug 1772:1775 arg1 systems 1786:1792 drug delivery systems 1772:1792 drug delivery systems 1772:1792 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 7 59 theme BC 1494:1495 arg1 membrane 1497:1504 the BC membrane 1490:1504 the BC membrane 1490:1504 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 2 60 theme surface 291:297 arg1 characteristics 299:313 surface characteristics 291:313 surface characteristics contributing to a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells and to intrinsically present antimicrobial agents 291:440 BC effectiveness may be improved by enhancing surface characteristics contributing to a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells and to intrinsically present antimicrobial agents. 24422537 8 61 theme BC 1588:1589 arg1 membranes 1591:1599 the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes 1560:1599 the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes 1560:1599 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 8 61 theme BC 1588:1589 arg1 bactericidal 1605:1616 bactericidal 1605:1616 bactericidal 1605:1616 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 8 61 theme BC 1588:1589 arg1 useful 1704:1709 useful 1704:1709 useful 1704:1709 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 1 62 theme natural 189:195 arg1 polymer 197:203 a natural polymer 187:203 a natural polymer that can be used for many applications 187:242 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 1 62 theme natural 189:195 arg1 cellulose 140:148 Bacterial cellulose 130:148 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 130:153 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 5 63 attach presence 937:944 arg2 nitrogen 961:968 nitrogen 961:968 nitrogen 961:968 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES confirmed the surface functionalization of the BC membrane. 24422537 5 63 attach presence 937:944 arg1 BC-APTES 977:984 the BC-APTES 973:984 the BC-APTES 973:984 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES confirmed the surface functionalization of the BC membrane. 24422537 5 63 attach presence 937:944 arg2 silicon 949:955 silicon 949:955 silicon 949:955 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES confirmed the surface functionalization of the BC membrane. 24422537 4 64 theme composition 877:887 arg1 terms 858:862 terms 858:862 terms of elemental composition 858:887 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 6 65 dep amide 1125:1129 arg1 supported 1134:1142 supported 1134:1142 supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1134:1298 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 5 66 theme BC 1033:1034 arg1 membrane 1036:1043 the BC membrane 1029:1043 the BC membrane 1029:1043 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES confirmed the surface functionalization of the BC membrane. 24422537 7 67 theme surface 1466:1472 arg1 modification 1474:1485 the surface modification 1462:1485 the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment 1462:1538 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 7 68 theme X-ray 1319:1323 arg1 analyses 1331:1338 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses 1301:1338 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses 1301:1338 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 1 69 theme Bacterial 130:138 arg1 polymer 197:203 a natural polymer 187:203 a natural polymer that can be used for many applications 187:242 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 1 69 theme Bacterial 130:138 arg1 fibril 176:181 a three-dimensional fibril 156:181 a three-dimensional fibril 156:181 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 1 69 theme Bacterial 130:138 arg1 BC 151:152 BC 151:152 BC 151:152 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 1 69 theme Bacterial 130:138 arg1 cellulose 140:148 Bacterial cellulose 130:148 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 130:153 Bacterial cellulose (BC), a three-dimensional fibril, is a natural polymer that can be used for many applications. 24422537 3 70 theme membrane 738:745 arg1 network 747:753 the BC membrane network 731:753 the BC membrane network 731:753 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 5 71 theme surface 1000:1006 arg1 functionalization 1008:1024 the surface functionalization 996:1024 the surface functionalization of the BC membrane 996:1043 The presence of silicon and nitrogen in the BC-APTES confirmed the surface functionalization of the BC membrane. 24422537 4 72 contain contained 829:837 arg1 BC-APTES 820:827 the BC-APTES 816:827 the BC-APTES 816:827 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 4 72 contain contained 829:837 arg2 silicon 847:853 silicon 847:853 silicon 847:853 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 4 72 contain contained 829:837 arg2 % 842:842 0.7% 839:842 0.7% of silicon 839:853 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 4 72 contain contained 829:837 arg1 terms 858:862 terms 858:862 terms of elemental composition 858:887 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 4 72 contain contained 829:837 arg2 BC-APTES 820:827 the BC-APTES 816:827 the BC-APTES 816:827 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 6 73 theme bond 1159:1162 arg1 C═O 1164:1166 the valence bond C═O 1147:1166 the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)) 1147:1175 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 6 73 theme bond 1159:1162 arg1 transition 1207:1216 a characteristic vibrational transition 1178:1216 a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1178:1298 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 6 74 with intense 1255:1261 arg1 membrane 1291:1298 the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1268:1298 the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1268:1298 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 4 75 theme 1:12 927:930 arg1 ratio 918:922 a grafting ratio 907:922 a grafting ratio of 1:12 907:930 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 0 76 theme grafting 98:105 arg1 groups 107:112 RGDC grafting groups 93:112 RGDC grafting groups 93:112 Production of biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers functionalized by RGDC grafting groups and gentamicin. 24422537 8 77 theme human 1663:1667 arg1 fibroblasts 1676:1686 human dermal fibroblasts 1663:1686 human dermal fibroblasts 1663:1686 Of great interest, the gentamicin-RGDC-grafted BC membranes are bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans but nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts and thus may be useful for multiple applications such as improved wound healing and drug delivery systems. 24422537 6 78 theme BC-RGDC-gentamicin 1272:1289 arg1 membrane 1291:1298 the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1268:1298 the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane 1268:1298 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses show the formation of the secondary amide as supported by the valence bond C═O (ν(C═O)), a characteristic vibrational transition at 1650 cm(-1) which is particularly intense with the BC-RGDC-gentamicin membrane. 24422537 7 79 from level 1353:1357 arg1 BC 1398:1399 pure BC 1393:1399 pure BC 1393:1399 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 3 80 theme present 450:456 arg1 study 458:462 the present study 446:462 the present study 446:462 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 2 81 theme animal 379:384 arg1 cells 386:390 human and animal cells 369:390 human and animal cells 369:390 BC effectiveness may be improved by enhancing surface characteristics contributing to a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells and to intrinsically present antimicrobial agents. 24422537 3 82 theme BC 486:487 arg1 membranes 489:497 gentamicin-activated BC membranes 465:497 gentamicin-activated BC membranes 465:497 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 0 83 theme bacterial 46:54 arg1 polymers 66:73 biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers 14:73 biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers 14:73 Production of biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers functionalized by RGDC grafting groups and gentamicin. 24422537 0 84 theme polymers 66:73 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers 0:73 Production of biocompatible and antimicrobial bacterial cellulose polymers functionalized by RGDC grafting groups and gentamicin. 24422537 7 85 dep carbon 1362:1367 arg1 C 1383:1383 C 1383:1383 C 1383:1383 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 7 85 dep carbon 1362:1367 arg1 N 1387:1387 N 1387:1387 N 1387:1387 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 2 86 theme better 333:338 arg1 interaction 352:362 a better physiologic interaction 331:362 a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells 331:390 BC effectiveness may be improved by enhancing surface characteristics contributing to a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells and to intrinsically present antimicrobial agents. 24422537 2 87 with interaction 352:362 arg1 cells 386:390 human and animal cells 369:390 human and animal cells 369:390 BC effectiveness may be improved by enhancing surface characteristics contributing to a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells and to intrinsically present antimicrobial agents. 24422537 3 88 theme agent 622:626 arg1 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 628:655 coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 613:655 coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network 613:753 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 3 88 theme agent 622:626 arg1 APTES 658:662 APTES 658:662 APTES 658:662 In the present study, gentamicin-activated BC membranes were obtained by chemically grafting RGDC peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid; C: cysteine) using coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of gentamicin onto the surface of the BC membrane network. 24422537 4 89 theme X-ray 756:760 arg1 spectroscopy 776:787 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 756:787 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses 756:802 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 4 89 theme X-ray 756:760 arg1 XPS 790:792 XPS 790:792 XPS 790:792 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 7 90 mod modification 1474:1485 arg3 surface 1466:1472 the surface modification 1462:1485 the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment 1462:1538 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 7 90 mod modification 1474:1485 arg1 membrane 1497:1504 the BC membrane 1490:1504 the BC membrane 1490:1504 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 4 91 theme spectroscopy 776:787 arg1 analyses 795:802 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses 756:802 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses 756:802 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the BC-APTES contained 0.7% of silicon in terms of elemental composition, corresponding to a grafting ratio of 1:12. 24422537 2 92 theme human 369:373 arg1 cells 386:390 human and animal cells 369:390 human and animal cells 369:390 BC effectiveness may be improved by enhancing surface characteristics contributing to a better physiologic interaction with human and animal cells and to intrinsically present antimicrobial agents. 24422537 7 93 dep level 1412:1416 arg1 C 1422:1422 C 1422:1422 C 1422:1422 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 24422537 7 93 dep level 1412:1416 arg1 N 1426:1426 N 1426:1426 N 1426:1426 Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed a low level of carbon and nitrogen (C + N) in pure BC but a high level of (C + N) in BC-RGDC-gentamicin confirming the surface modification of the BC membrane by RGDC and gentamicin enrichment. 23715850 10 0 from rate 1464:1467 arg1 mice 1512:1515 mice 1512:1515 mice with colitis 1512:1528 Interestingly, orally administered RNP(O) remarkably reduced the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis. 23715850 6 1 theme RNP 988:990 arg1 treatment 967:975 treatment 967:975 treatment of DSS and RNP(O) 967:993 The alterations of fecal microflora during treatment of DSS and RNP(O) were investigated using microbiological assays. 23715850 10 2 theme administered 1421:1432 arg1 O 1438:1438 O 1438:1438 O 1438:1438 Interestingly, orally administered RNP(O) remarkably reduced the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis. 23715850 10 2 theme administered 1421:1432 arg1 RNP 1434:1436 orally administered RNP 1414:1436 orally administered RNP(O) 1414:1439 Interestingly, orally administered RNP(O) remarkably reduced the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis. 23715850 1 3 theme colonic 241:247 arg1 microflora 249:258 colonic microflora 241:258 colonic microflora 241:258 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 10 4 from increase 1472:1479 arg1 mice 1512:1515 mice 1512:1515 mice with colitis 1512:1528 Interestingly, orally administered RNP(O) remarkably reduced the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis. 23715850 4 5 theme ether 767:771 arg1 linkage 773:779 ether linkage 767:779 ether linkage 767:779 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 3 6 theme study 484:488 arg1 objective 466:474 The objective 462:474 The objective of this study 462:488 The objective of this study was to examine whether the orally administered RNP(O) changed the colonic microflora in healthy mice and those with colitis. 23715850 8 7 from increase 1279:1286 arg1 bacteria 1301:1308 commensal bacteria 1291:1308 commensal bacteria 1291:1308 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 10 8 theme increase 1472:1479 arg1 rate 1464:1467 the rate 1460:1467 the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis 1460:1528 Interestingly, orally administered RNP(O) remarkably reduced the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis. 23715850 2 9 theme novel 287:291 arg1 RNP 313:315 RNP 313:315 RNP(O) 313:318 We previously developed a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)), which effectively scavenged ROS in the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration. 23715850 2 9 theme novel 287:291 arg1 nanoparticle 299:310 a novel redox nanoparticle 285:310 a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)) 285:319 We previously developed a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)), which effectively scavenged ROS in the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration. 23715850 1 10 theme oxygen 203:208 arg1 ROS 219:221 ROS 219:221 ROS 219:221 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 1 10 theme oxygen 203:208 arg1 species 210:216 reactive oxygen species 194:216 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 194:222 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 1 11 theme BACKGROUND 119:128 arg1 Patients 130:137 BACKGROUND Patients 119:137 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) 119:166 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 10 12 theme bacteria 1500:1507 arg1 increase 1472:1479 increase 1472:1479 increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis 1472:1528 Interestingly, orally administered RNP(O) remarkably reduced the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis. 23715850 0 13 from microflora 55:64 arg1 mice 69:72 mice 69:72 mice with dextran sodium 69:92 Oral nanotherapeutics: effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. 23715850 5 14 theme drinking 834:841 arg1 water 843:847 drinking water 834:847 drinking water 834:847 Colitis was induced in mice by supplementing DSS in drinking water for 7 days, and RNP(O) was orally administered daily during DSS treatment. 23715850 8 15 theme aerobic 1173:1179 arg1 bacteria 1195:1202 total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria 1167:1202 total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria 1167:1202 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 8 15 theme aerobic 1173:1179 arg1 increase 1279:1286 a remarkable increase 1266:1286 a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp 1266:1348 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 11 16 theme oral 1607:1610 arg1 administration 1612:1625 the oral administration 1603:1625 the oral administration of RNP(O) 1603:1635 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 3 17 theme colonic 556:562 arg1 microflora 564:573 the colonic microflora 552:573 the colonic microflora in healthy mice 552:589 The objective of this study was to examine whether the orally administered RNP(O) changed the colonic microflora in healthy mice and those with colitis. 23715850 4 18 from radicals 728:735 arg1 chain 757:761 hydrophobic side chain 740:761 hydrophobic side chain 740:761 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 8 19 theme anaerobic 1185:1193 arg1 bacteria 1195:1202 total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria 1167:1202 total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria 1167:1202 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 8 19 theme anaerobic 1185:1193 arg1 increase 1279:1286 a remarkable increase 1266:1286 a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp 1266:1348 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 4 20 contain contains 702:709 arg2 radicals 728:735 stable nitroxide radicals 711:735 stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain 711:761 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 4 20 contain contains 702:709 arg1 copolymer 687:695 an amphiphilic block copolymer 666:695 an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage 666:779 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 7 21 theme significant 1097:1107 arg1 changes 1109:1115 significant changes 1097:1115 significant changes to the fecal microflora in healthy mice 1097:1155 RESULTS We investigated that RNP(O) did not result in significant changes to the fecal microflora in healthy mice. 23715850 12 22 theme UC 1862:1863 arg1 treatment 1849:1857 treatment 1849:1857 treatment of UC 1849:1863 RNP(O) may become an effective and safe medication for treatment of UC. 23715850 3 23 theme healthy 578:584 arg1 mice 586:589 healthy mice 578:589 healthy mice 578:589 The objective of this study was to examine whether the orally administered RNP(O) changed the colonic microflora in healthy mice and those with colitis. 23715850 4 24 theme block 681:685 arg1 copolymer 687:695 an amphiphilic block copolymer 666:695 an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage 666:779 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 0 25 theme dextran 79:85 arg1 sodium 87:92 dextran sodium 79:92 dextran sodium 79:92 Oral nanotherapeutics: effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. 23715850 11 26 theme RNP 1737:1739 arg1 effect 1727:1732 a protective effect 1714:1732 a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora 1714:1791 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 9 27 with mice 1368:1371 arg1 colitis 1390:1396 DSS-induced colitis 1378:1396 DSS-induced colitis 1378:1396 was observed in mice with DSS-induced colitis. 23715850 0 28 theme Oral 0:3 arg1 nanotherapeutics 5:20 Oral nanotherapeutics 0:20 Oral nanotherapeutics: effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. 0:117 Oral nanotherapeutics: effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. 23715850 2 29 theme mice 380:383 arg1 mucosa 370:375 the inflamed mucosa 357:375 the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration 357:459 We previously developed a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)), which effectively scavenged ROS in the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration. 23715850 6 30 theme fecal 943:947 arg1 microflora 949:958 fecal microflora 943:958 fecal microflora during treatment of DSS and RNP(O) 943:993 The alterations of fecal microflora during treatment of DSS and RNP(O) were investigated using microbiological assays. 23715850 2 31 theme -induced 418:425 arg1 colitis 427:433 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis 390:433 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis 390:433 We previously developed a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)), which effectively scavenged ROS in the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration. 23715850 4 32 theme hydrophobic 740:750 arg1 chain 757:761 hydrophobic side chain 740:761 hydrophobic side chain 740:761 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 11 33 dep CONCLUSIONS 1531:1541 arg1 confirmed 1588:1596 confirmed 1588:1596 was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora 1584:1791 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 8 34 theme commensal 1291:1299 arg1 bacteria 1301:1308 commensal bacteria 1291:1308 commensal bacteria 1291:1308 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 0 35 theme nanoparticle 39:50 arg1 effect 23:28 effect 23:28 effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium 23:92 Oral nanotherapeutics: effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. 23715850 4 36 theme stable 711:716 arg1 radicals 728:735 stable nitroxide radicals 711:735 stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain 711:761 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 12 37 theme effective 1815:1823 arg1 medication 1834:1843 an effective and safe medication 1812:1843 an effective and safe medication for treatment of UC 1812:1863 RNP(O) may become an effective and safe medication for treatment of UC. 23715850 7 38 theme fecal 1124:1128 arg1 microflora 1130:1139 the fecal microflora 1120:1139 the fecal microflora in healthy mice 1120:1155 RESULTS We investigated that RNP(O) did not result in significant changes to the fecal microflora in healthy mice. 23715850 12 39 theme safe 1829:1832 arg1 medication 1834:1843 an effective and safe medication 1812:1843 an effective and safe medication for treatment of UC 1812:1863 RNP(O) may become an effective and safe medication for treatment of UC. 23715850 11 40 from composition 1656:1666 arg1 feces 1683:1687 feces 1683:1687 feces 1683:1687 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 3 41 from microflora 564:573 arg1 mice 586:589 healthy mice 578:589 healthy mice 578:589 The objective of this study was to examine whether the orally administered RNP(O) changed the colonic microflora in healthy mice and those with colitis. 23715850 0 42 with mice 69:72 arg1 sodium 87:92 dextran sodium 79:92 dextran sodium 79:92 Oral nanotherapeutics: effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. 23715850 1 43 theme microflora 249:258 arg1 overproduction 176:189 overproduction 176:189 overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 176:222 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 1 43 theme microflora 249:258 arg1 imbalance 228:236 imbalance 228:236 imbalance of colonic microflora 228:258 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 2 44 with mice 380:383 arg1 colitis 427:433 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis 390:433 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis 390:433 We previously developed a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)), which effectively scavenged ROS in the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration. 23715850 7 45 from microflora 1130:1139 arg1 mice 1152:1155 healthy mice 1144:1155 healthy mice 1144:1155 RESULTS We investigated that RNP(O) did not result in significant changes to the fecal microflora in healthy mice. 23715850 10 46 with mice 1512:1515 arg1 colitis 1522:1528 colitis 1522:1528 colitis 1522:1528 Interestingly, orally administered RNP(O) remarkably reduced the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis. 23715850 11 47 from environments 1755:1766 arg1 microflora 1782:1791 intestinal microflora 1771:1791 intestinal microflora 1771:1791 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 2 48 theme redox 293:297 arg1 RNP 313:315 RNP 313:315 RNP(O) 313:318 We previously developed a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)), which effectively scavenged ROS in the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration. 23715850 2 48 theme redox 293:297 arg1 nanoparticle 299:310 a novel redox nanoparticle 285:310 a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)) 285:319 We previously developed a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)), which effectively scavenged ROS in the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration. 23715850 1 49 theme reactive 194:201 arg1 ROS 219:221 ROS 219:221 ROS 219:221 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 1 49 theme reactive 194:201 arg1 species 210:216 reactive oxygen species 194:216 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 194:222 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 8 50 theme Staphylococcus 1332:1345 arg1 sp 1347:1348 Staphylococcus sp 1332:1348 Staphylococcus sp 1332:1348 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 6 51 theme microbiological 1019:1033 arg1 assays 1035:1040 microbiological assays 1019:1040 microbiological assays 1019:1040 The alterations of fecal microflora during treatment of DSS and RNP(O) were investigated using microbiological assays. 23715850 11 52 theme intestinal 1771:1780 arg1 microflora 1782:1791 intestinal microflora 1771:1791 intestinal microflora 1771:1791 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 1 53 theme species 210:216 arg1 overproduction 176:189 overproduction 176:189 overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 176:222 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 1 53 theme species 210:216 arg1 imbalance 228:236 imbalance 228:236 imbalance of colonic microflora 228:258 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 10 54 theme commensal 1490:1498 arg1 bacteria 1500:1507 these commensal bacteria 1484:1507 these commensal bacteria 1484:1507 Interestingly, orally administered RNP(O) remarkably reduced the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis. 23715850 11 55 theme bacteria 1671:1678 arg1 composition 1656:1666 any composition 1652:1666 any composition of bacteria in feces 1652:1687 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 3 56 theme administered 524:535 arg1 O 541:541 O 541:541 O 541:541 The objective of this study was to examine whether the orally administered RNP(O) changed the colonic microflora in healthy mice and those with colitis. 23715850 3 56 theme administered 524:535 arg1 RNP 537:539 the orally administered RNP 513:539 the orally administered RNP(O) 513:542 The objective of this study was to examine whether the orally administered RNP(O) changed the colonic microflora in healthy mice and those with colitis. 23715850 9 57 theme DSS-induced 1378:1388 arg1 colitis 1390:1396 DSS-induced colitis 1378:1396 DSS-induced colitis 1378:1396 was observed in mice with DSS-induced colitis. 23715850 11 58 from effect 1727:1732 arg1 environments 1755:1766 healthy environments 1747:1766 healthy environments in intestinal microflora 1747:1791 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 8 59 theme total 1167:1171 arg1 bacteria 1195:1202 total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria 1167:1202 total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria 1167:1202 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 8 59 theme total 1167:1171 arg1 increase 1279:1286 a remarkable increase 1266:1286 a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp 1266:1348 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 1 60 theme ulcerative 144:153 arg1 colitis 155:161 ulcerative colitis 144:161 ulcerative colitis (UC) 144:166 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 1 60 theme ulcerative 144:153 arg1 UC 164:165 UC 164:165 UC 164:165 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 2 61 theme oral 441:444 arg1 administration 446:459 oral administration 441:459 oral administration 441:459 We previously developed a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)), which effectively scavenged ROS in the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration. 23715850 0 62 from effect 23:28 arg1 microflora 55:64 microflora 55:64 microflora in mice with dextran sodium 55:92 Oral nanotherapeutics: effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. 23715850 8 63 dep increase 1279:1286 arg1 sp 1347:1348 Staphylococcus sp 1332:1348 Staphylococcus sp 1332:1348 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 8 63 dep increase 1279:1286 arg1 coli 1323:1326 Escherichia coli 1311:1326 Escherichia coli 1311:1326 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 5 64 from DSS 827:829 arg1 water 843:847 drinking water 834:847 drinking water 834:847 Colitis was induced in mice by supplementing DSS in drinking water for 7 days, and RNP(O) was orally administered daily during DSS treatment. 23715850 4 65 theme amphiphilic 669:679 arg1 copolymer 687:695 an amphiphilic block copolymer 666:695 an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage 666:779 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 11 66 theme RNP 1630:1632 arg1 administration 1612:1625 the oral administration 1603:1625 the oral administration of RNP(O) 1603:1635 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 1 67 with Patients 130:137 arg1 colitis 155:161 ulcerative colitis 144:161 ulcerative colitis (UC) 144:166 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 1 67 with Patients 130:137 arg1 UC 164:165 UC 164:165 UC 164:165 BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of colonic microflora. 23715850 8 68 dep different 1227:1235 arg1 bacteria 1195:1202 total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria 1167:1202 total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria 1167:1202 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 8 68 dep different 1227:1235 arg1 increase 1279:1286 a remarkable increase 1266:1286 a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp 1266:1348 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 4 69 dep METHODS 615:621 arg1 RNP 623:625 RNP 623:625 METHODS RNP(O) 615:628 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 4 69 dep METHODS 615:621 arg1 O 627:627 O 627:627 O 627:627 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 6 70 theme DSS 980:982 arg1 treatment 967:975 treatment 967:975 treatment of DSS and RNP(O) 967:993 The alterations of fecal microflora during treatment of DSS and RNP(O) were investigated using microbiological assays. 23715850 4 71 theme copolymer 687:695 arg1 self-assembly 649:661 self-assembly 649:661 self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage 649:779 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 7 72 dep RESULTS 1043:1049 arg1 investigated 1054:1065 investigated 1054:1065 investigated that RNP(O) did not result in significant changes to the fecal microflora in healthy mice 1054:1155 RESULTS We investigated that RNP(O) did not result in significant changes to the fecal microflora in healthy mice. 23715850 8 73 theme experimental 1245:1256 arg1 groups 1258:1263 experimental groups 1245:1263 experimental groups 1245:1263 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 6 74 theme microflora 949:958 arg1 alterations 928:938 The alterations 924:938 The alterations of fecal microflora during treatment of DSS and RNP(O) 924:993 The alterations of fecal microflora during treatment of DSS and RNP(O) were investigated using microbiological assays. 23715850 11 75 theme obtained 1563:1570 arg1 results 1572:1578 the obtained results 1559:1578 the obtained results 1559:1578 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 11 76 theme healthy 1747:1753 arg1 environments 1755:1766 healthy environments 1747:1766 healthy environments in intestinal microflora 1747:1791 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 0 77 theme redox 33:37 arg1 nanoparticle 39:50 redox nanoparticle 33:50 redox nanoparticle 33:50 Oral nanotherapeutics: effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. 23715850 5 78 theme DSS 909:911 arg1 treatment 913:921 DSS treatment 909:921 DSS treatment 909:921 Colitis was induced in mice by supplementing DSS in drinking water for 7 days, and RNP(O) was orally administered daily during DSS treatment. 23715850 8 79 theme remarkable 1268:1277 arg1 bacteria 1195:1202 total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria 1167:1202 total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria 1167:1202 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 8 79 theme remarkable 1268:1277 arg1 increase 1279:1286 a remarkable increase 1266:1286 a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp 1266:1348 Although total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were not significantly different between experimental groups, a remarkable increase in commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) 23715850 2 80 theme inflamed 361:368 arg1 mucosa 370:375 the inflamed mucosa 357:375 the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration 357:459 We previously developed a novel redox nanoparticle (RNP(O)), which effectively scavenged ROS in the inflamed mucosa of mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis after oral administration. 23715850 10 81 from mice 1512:1515 arg1 rate 1464:1467 the rate 1460:1467 the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis 1460:1528 Interestingly, orally administered RNP(O) remarkably reduced the rate of increase of these commensal bacteria in mice with colitis. 23715850 7 82 theme healthy 1144:1150 arg1 mice 1152:1155 healthy mice 1144:1155 healthy mice 1144:1155 RESULTS We investigated that RNP(O) did not result in significant changes to the fecal microflora in healthy mice. 23715850 4 83 theme side 752:755 arg1 chain 757:761 hydrophobic side chain 740:761 hydrophobic side chain 740:761 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 0 84 dep nanotherapeutics 5:20 arg1 sulfate-induced 94:108 sulfate-induced 94:108 sulfate-induced colitis 94:116 Oral nanotherapeutics: effect of redox nanoparticle on microflora in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. 23715850 4 85 theme nitroxide 718:726 arg1 radicals 728:735 stable nitroxide radicals 711:735 stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain 711:761 METHODS RNP(O) was synthesized by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in hydrophobic side chain via ether linkage. 23715850 11 86 theme protective 1716:1725 arg1 effect 1727:1732 a protective effect 1714:1732 a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora 1714:1791 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 11 87 dep results 1572:1578 arg1 the 1546:1548 the 1546:1548 the 1546:1548 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 23715850 11 87 dep results 1572:1578 arg1 basis 1550:1554 basis 1550:1554 basis 1550:1554 CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the obtained results, it was confirmed that the oral administration of RNP(O) did not change any composition of bacteria in feces, which strongly suggests a protective effect of RNP(O) on healthy environments in intestinal microflora. 28242013 0 0 contain Have 52:55 arg1 Prebiotics 41:50 Prebiotics 41:50 Prebiotics 41:50 Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice. 28242013 0 0 contain Have 52:55 arg2 Effects 92:98 Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects 57:98 Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects 57:98 Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice. 28242013 3 1 theme chronic 532:538 arg1 treatment 550:558 chronic prebiotic treatment 532:558 chronic prebiotic treatment 532:558 Here we tested whether chronic prebiotic treatment modifies behavior across domains relevant to anxiety, depression, cognition, stress response, and social behavior. 28242013 8 2 theme FOS+GOS 1183:1189 arg1 combination 1191:1201 the FOS+GOS combination 1179:1201 the FOS+GOS combination 1179:1201 Moreover, the administration of GOS and the FOS+GOS combination reduced stress-induced corticosterone release. 28242013 6 3 theme water-treated 909:921 arg1 mice 923:926 FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice 897:926 FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice 897:926 In addition, FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice were also exposed to chronic psychosocial stress, and behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters were assessed. 28242013 7 4 dep RESULTS 1041:1047 arg1 exhibited 1085:1093 exhibited 1085:1093 exhibited both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects 1085:1136 RESULTS Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment exhibited both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. 28242013 11 5 theme cytokine 1665:1672 arg1 levels 1674:1679 corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels 1630:1679 corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels 1630:1679 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 10 6 theme short-chain 1342:1352 arg1 acid 1360:1363 short-chain fatty acid 1342:1363 short-chain fatty acid concentrations 1342:1378 Regarding short-chain fatty acid concentrations, prebiotic administration increased cecal acetate and propionate and reduced isobutyrate concentrations, changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior. 28242013 9 7 from expression 1284:1293 arg1 hypothalamus 1318:1329 hypothalamus 1318:1329 hypothalamus 1318:1329 Prebiotics modified specific gene expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. 28242013 9 7 from expression 1284:1293 arg1 hippocampus 1302:1312 hippocampus 1302:1312 hippocampus 1302:1312 Prebiotics modified specific gene expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. 28242013 6 8 theme FOS+GOS- 897:904 arg1 mice 923:926 FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice 897:926 FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice 897:926 In addition, FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice were also exposed to chronic psychosocial stress, and behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters were assessed. 28242013 4 9 theme male 692:695 arg1 mice 697:700 C57BL/6J male mice 683:700 C57BL/6J male mice 683:700 METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were administered FOS, GOS, or a combination of FOS+GOS for 3 weeks prior to testing. 28242013 10 10 theme positive 1532:1539 arg1 effects 1541:1547 the positive effects 1528:1547 the positive effects seen on behavior 1528:1564 Regarding short-chain fatty acid concentrations, prebiotic administration increased cecal acetate and propionate and reduced isobutyrate concentrations, changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior. 28242013 8 11 theme corticosterone 1226:1239 arg1 release 1241:1247 stress-induced corticosterone release 1211:1247 stress-induced corticosterone release 1211:1247 Moreover, the administration of GOS and the FOS+GOS combination reduced stress-induced corticosterone release. 28242013 12 12 theme treatment 1882:1890 arg1 role 1864:1867 a beneficial role 1851:1867 a beneficial role of prebiotic treatment for stress-related behaviors 1851:1919 CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data strongly suggest a beneficial role of prebiotic treatment for stress-related behaviors. 28242013 9 13 theme specific 1270:1277 arg1 expression 1284:1293 specific gene expression 1270:1293 specific gene expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus 1270:1329 Prebiotics modified specific gene expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. 28242013 12 14 theme stress-related 1896:1909 arg1 behaviors 1911:1919 stress-related behaviors 1896:1919 stress-related behaviors 1896:1919 CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data strongly suggest a beneficial role of prebiotic treatment for stress-related behaviors. 28242013 0 15 theme Chronic 126:132 arg1 Stress 134:139 Chronic Stress 126:139 Chronic Stress 126:139 Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice. 28242013 5 16 theme short-chain 845:855 arg1 acids 863:867 cecal short-chain fatty acids 839:867 cecal short-chain fatty acids 839:867 Plasma corticosterone, microbiota composition, and cecal short-chain fatty acids were measured. 28242013 6 17 theme chronic 949:955 arg1 stress 970:975 chronic psychosocial stress 949:975 chronic psychosocial stress 949:975 In addition, FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice were also exposed to chronic psychosocial stress, and behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters were assessed. 28242013 7 18 theme prebiotic 1057:1065 arg1 treatment 1075:1083 Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment 1049:1083 Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment 1049:1083 RESULTS Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment exhibited both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. 28242013 0 19 from Impact 116:121 arg1 Mice 144:147 Mice 144:147 Mice 144:147 Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice. 28242013 12 20 theme prebiotic 1872:1880 arg1 treatment 1882:1890 prebiotic treatment 1872:1890 prebiotic treatment 1872:1890 CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data strongly suggest a beneficial role of prebiotic treatment for stress-related behaviors. 28242013 13 21 theme neuropsychopharmacology 2099:2121 arg1 field 2078:2082 the field 2074:2082 the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 2074:2121 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 6 22 theme microbiota 1004:1013 arg1 parameters 1015:1024 behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters 982:1024 behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters 982:1024 In addition, FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice were also exposed to chronic psychosocial stress, and behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters were assessed. 28242013 11 23 theme proinflammatory 1649:1663 arg1 cytokine 1665:1672 proinflammatory cytokine 1649:1672 proinflammatory cytokine 1649:1672 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 4 24 theme prior 770:774 arg1 weeks 764:768 3 weeks 762:768 3 weeks prior to testing 762:785 METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were administered FOS, GOS, or a combination of FOS+GOS for 3 weeks prior to testing. 28242013 11 25 theme corticosterone 1630:1643 arg1 levels 1674:1679 corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels 1630:1679 corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels 1630:1679 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 10 26 theme acid 1360:1363 arg1 concentrations 1365:1378 short-chain fatty acid concentrations 1342:1378 short-chain fatty acid concentrations 1342:1378 Regarding short-chain fatty acid concentrations, prebiotic administration increased cecal acetate and propionate and reduced isobutyrate concentrations, changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior. 28242013 13 27 from avenues 2063:2069 arg1 field 2078:2082 the field 2074:2082 the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 2074:2121 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 2 28 theme appealing 452:460 arg1 microbiome 344:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome 317:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), 317:444 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 2 28 theme appealing 452:460 arg1 manipulation 495:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 4 29 theme FOS+GOS 750:756 arg1 GOS 725:727 GOS 725:727 GOS 725:727 METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were administered FOS, GOS, or a combination of FOS+GOS for 3 weeks prior to testing. 28242013 4 29 theme FOS+GOS 750:756 arg1 FOS 720:722 FOS 720:722 FOS 720:722 METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were administered FOS, GOS, or a combination of FOS+GOS for 3 weeks prior to testing. 28242013 4 29 theme FOS+GOS 750:756 arg1 combination 735:745 a combination 733:745 a combination of FOS+GOS 733:756 METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were administered FOS, GOS, or a combination of FOS+GOS for 3 weeks prior to testing. 28242013 13 30 theme opening 2051:2057 arg1 disorders 2040:2048 brain-gut axis disorders 2025:2048 brain-gut axis disorders 2025:2048 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 13 30 theme opening 2051:2057 arg1 avenues 2063:2069 opening new avenues 2051:2069 opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 2051:2121 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 13 31 theme microbiota 2010:2019 arg1 targeting 1989:1997 therapeutic targeting 1977:1997 therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 1977:2121 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 0 32 theme Microbiota-Gut-Brain 14:33 arg1 Axis 35:38 the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis 10:38 the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis 10:38 Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice. 28242013 2 33 with microbiome 344:353 arg1 prebiotics 360:369 prebiotics 360:369 prebiotics 360:369 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 2 33 with microbiome 344:353 arg1 galacto-oligosaccharides 414:437 galacto-oligosaccharides 414:437 galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) 414:443 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 2 33 with microbiome 344:353 arg1 fructo-oligosaccharides 380:402 fructo-oligosaccharides 380:402 fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) 380:408 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 11 34 from elevations 1616:1625 arg1 levels 1674:1679 corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels 1630:1679 corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels 1630:1679 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 13 35 theme brain-gut 2025:2033 arg1 disorders 2040:2048 brain-gut axis disorders 2025:2048 brain-gut axis disorders 2025:2048 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 13 35 theme brain-gut 2025:2033 arg1 avenues 2063:2069 opening new avenues 2051:2069 opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 2051:2121 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 5 36 theme Plasma 788:793 arg1 corticosterone 795:808 Plasma corticosterone 788:808 Plasma corticosterone 788:808 Plasma corticosterone, microbiota composition, and cecal short-chain fatty acids were measured. 28242013 2 37 theme underinvestigated 466:482 arg1 microbiome 344:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome 317:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), 317:444 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 2 37 theme underinvestigated 466:482 arg1 manipulation 495:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 10 38 theme cecal 1416:1420 arg1 acetate 1422:1428 cecal acetate 1416:1428 cecal acetate 1416:1428 Regarding short-chain fatty acid concentrations, prebiotic administration increased cecal acetate and propionate and reduced isobutyrate concentrations, changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior. 28242013 13 39 dep evidence 1952:1959 arg1 base 1961:1964 base 1961:1964 the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 1948:2121 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 13 40 theme therapeutic 1977:1987 arg1 targeting 1989:1997 therapeutic targeting 1977:1997 therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 1977:2121 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 10 41 theme isobutyrate 1457:1467 arg1 changes 1485:1491 changes 1485:1491 changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior 1485:1564 Regarding short-chain fatty acid concentrations, prebiotic administration increased cecal acetate and propionate and reduced isobutyrate concentrations, changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior. 28242013 10 41 theme isobutyrate 1457:1467 arg1 concentrations 1469:1482 isobutyrate concentrations 1457:1482 isobutyrate concentrations 1457:1482 Regarding short-chain fatty acid concentrations, prebiotic administration increased cecal acetate and propionate and reduced isobutyrate concentrations, changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior. 28242013 3 42 theme prebiotic 540:548 arg1 treatment 550:558 chronic prebiotic treatment 532:558 chronic prebiotic treatment 532:558 Here we tested whether chronic prebiotic treatment modifies behavior across domains relevant to anxiety, depression, cognition, stress response, and social behavior. 28242013 8 43 theme GOS 1171:1173 arg1 administration 1153:1166 the administration 1149:1166 the administration of GOS 1149:1173 Moreover, the administration of GOS and the FOS+GOS combination reduced stress-induced corticosterone release. 28242013 8 43 theme GOS 1171:1173 arg1 combination 1191:1201 the FOS+GOS combination 1179:1201 the FOS+GOS combination 1179:1201 Moreover, the administration of GOS and the FOS+GOS combination reduced stress-induced corticosterone release. 28242013 11 44 theme chronic 1593:1599 arg1 elevations 1616:1625 chronic stress-induced elevations 1593:1625 chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels 1593:1679 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 11 45 theme depression-like 1685:1699 arg1 behavior 1718:1725 depression-like and anxiety-like behavior 1685:1725 depression-like and anxiety-like behavior 1685:1725 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 1 46 theme neuropsychiatric 267:282 arg1 disorders 284:292 neuropsychiatric disorders 267:292 neuropsychiatric disorders 267:292 BACKGROUND The realization that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a critical role in health and disease, including neuropsychiatric disorders, is rapidly advancing. 28242013 7 47 theme anxiolytic 1119:1128 arg1 effects 1130:1136 both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects 1095:1136 both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects 1095:1136 RESULTS Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment exhibited both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. 28242013 11 48 from effects 1758:1764 arg1 microbiota 1783:1792 the microbiota 1779:1792 the microbiota 1779:1792 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 11 49 dep normalizing 1742:1752 arg1 addition 1730:1737 addition 1730:1737 addition 1730:1737 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 4 50 theme C57BL/6J 683:690 arg1 mice 697:700 C57BL/6J male mice 683:700 C57BL/6J male mice 683:700 METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were administered FOS, GOS, or a combination of FOS+GOS for 3 weeks prior to testing. 28242013 7 51 theme antidepressant 1100:1113 arg1 effects 1130:1136 both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects 1095:1136 both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects 1095:1136 RESULTS Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment exhibited both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. 28242013 2 52 theme beneficial 329:338 arg1 microbiome 344:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome 317:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), 317:444 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 2 52 theme beneficial 329:338 arg1 manipulation 495:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 1 53 theme microbiota-gut-brain 186:205 arg1 axis 207:210 the microbiota-gut-brain axis 182:210 the microbiota-gut-brain axis 182:210 BACKGROUND The realization that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a critical role in health and disease, including neuropsychiatric disorders, is rapidly advancing. 28242013 8 54 theme stress-induced 1211:1224 arg1 release 1241:1247 stress-induced corticosterone release 1211:1247 stress-induced corticosterone release 1211:1247 Moreover, the administration of GOS and the FOS+GOS combination reduced stress-induced corticosterone release. 28242013 6 55 theme behavior 982:989 arg1 parameters 1015:1024 behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters 982:1024 behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters 982:1024 In addition, FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice were also exposed to chronic psychosocial stress, and behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters were assessed. 28242013 0 56 theme Stress 134:139 arg1 Impact 116:121 the Impact 112:121 the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice 112:147 Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice. 28242013 9 57 theme gene 1279:1282 arg1 expression 1284:1293 specific gene expression 1270:1293 specific gene expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus 1270:1329 Prebiotics modified specific gene expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. 28242013 3 58 theme relevant 593:600 arg1 domains 585:591 domains 585:591 domains relevant to anxiety, depression, cognition, stress response, and social behavior 585:672 Here we tested whether chronic prebiotic treatment modifies behavior across domains relevant to anxiety, depression, cognition, stress response, and social behavior. 28242013 5 59 theme cecal 839:843 arg1 acids 863:867 cecal short-chain fatty acids 839:867 cecal short-chain fatty acids 839:867 Plasma corticosterone, microbiota composition, and cecal short-chain fatty acids were measured. 28242013 2 60 theme Nurturing 317:325 arg1 microbiome 344:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome 317:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), 317:444 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 2 60 theme Nurturing 317:325 arg1 manipulation 495:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 7 61 theme FOS+GOS 1067:1073 arg1 treatment 1075:1083 Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment 1049:1083 Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment 1049:1083 RESULTS Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment exhibited both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. 28242013 5 62 theme fatty 857:861 arg1 acids 863:867 cecal short-chain fatty acids 839:867 cecal short-chain fatty acids 839:867 Plasma corticosterone, microbiota composition, and cecal short-chain fatty acids were measured. 28242013 6 63 theme psychosocial 957:968 arg1 stress 970:975 chronic psychosocial stress 949:975 chronic psychosocial stress 949:975 In addition, FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice were also exposed to chronic psychosocial stress, and behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters were assessed. 28242013 7 64 theme Chronic 1049:1055 arg1 treatment 1075:1083 Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment 1049:1083 Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment 1049:1083 RESULTS Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment exhibited both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. 28242013 11 65 theme stress-induced 1601:1614 arg1 elevations 1616:1625 chronic stress-induced elevations 1593:1625 chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels 1593:1679 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 11 66 theme anxiety-like 1705:1716 arg1 behavior 1718:1725 depression-like and anxiety-like behavior 1685:1725 depression-like and anxiety-like behavior 1685:1725 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 11 67 from behavior 1718:1725 arg1 levels 1674:1679 corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels 1630:1679 corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels 1630:1679 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 12 68 theme beneficial 1853:1862 arg1 role 1864:1867 a beneficial role 1851:1867 a beneficial role of prebiotic treatment for stress-related behaviors 1851:1919 CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data strongly suggest a beneficial role of prebiotic treatment for stress-related behaviors. 28242013 13 69 theme nutritional 2087:2097 arg1 neuropsychopharmacology 2099:2121 nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 2087:2121 nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 2087:2121 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 0 70 theme Antidepressant-like 72:90 arg1 Effects 92:98 Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects 57:98 Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects 57:98 Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice. 28242013 3 71 theme stress 637:642 arg1 response 644:651 stress response 637:651 stress response 637:651 Here we tested whether chronic prebiotic treatment modifies behavior across domains relevant to anxiety, depression, cognition, stress response, and social behavior. 28242013 13 72 theme new 2059:2061 arg1 disorders 2040:2048 brain-gut axis disorders 2025:2048 brain-gut axis disorders 2025:2048 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 13 72 theme new 2059:2061 arg1 avenues 2063:2069 opening new avenues 2051:2069 opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 2051:2121 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 6 73 theme immune 992:997 arg1 parameters 1015:1024 behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters 982:1024 behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters 982:1024 In addition, FOS+GOS- or water-treated mice were also exposed to chronic psychosocial stress, and behavior, immune, and microbiota parameters were assessed. 28242013 13 74 theme axis 2035:2038 arg1 disorders 2040:2048 brain-gut axis disorders 2025:2048 brain-gut axis disorders 2025:2048 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 13 74 theme axis 2035:2038 arg1 avenues 2063:2069 opening new avenues 2051:2069 opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology 2051:2121 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 10 75 theme fatty 1354:1358 arg1 acid 1360:1363 short-chain fatty acid 1342:1363 short-chain fatty acid concentrations 1342:1378 Regarding short-chain fatty acid concentrations, prebiotic administration increased cecal acetate and propionate and reduced isobutyrate concentrations, changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior. 28242013 5 76 theme microbiota 811:820 arg1 composition 822:832 microbiota composition 811:832 microbiota composition 811:832 Plasma corticosterone, microbiota composition, and cecal short-chain fatty acids were measured. 28242013 13 77 theme gut 2006:2008 arg1 microbiota 2010:2019 the gut microbiota 2002:2019 the gut microbiota 2002:2019 These findings strengthen the evidence base supporting therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota for brain-gut axis disorders, opening new avenues in the field of nutritional neuropsychopharmacology. 28242013 1 78 dep BACKGROUND 150:159 arg1 advancing 306:314 advancing 306:314 is rapidly advancing 295:314 BACKGROUND The realization that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a critical role in health and disease, including neuropsychiatric disorders, is rapidly advancing. 28242013 10 79 theme prebiotic 1381:1389 arg1 administration 1391:1404 prebiotic administration 1381:1404 prebiotic administration 1381:1404 Regarding short-chain fatty acid concentrations, prebiotic administration increased cecal acetate and propionate and reduced isobutyrate concentrations, changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior. 28242013 1 80 theme critical 220:227 arg1 role 229:232 a critical role 218:232 a critical role 218:232 BACKGROUND The realization that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a critical role in health and disease, including neuropsychiatric disorders, is rapidly advancing. 28242013 4 81 dep METHODS 675:681 arg1 administered 707:718 administered 707:718 were administered FOS, GOS, or a combination of FOS+GOS for 3 weeks prior to testing 702:785 METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were administered FOS, GOS, or a combination of FOS+GOS for 3 weeks prior to testing. 28242013 2 82 theme microbiota 484:493 arg1 microbiome 344:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome 317:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), 317:444 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 2 82 theme microbiota 484:493 arg1 manipulation 495:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 3 83 theme social 658:663 arg1 behavior 665:672 social behavior 658:672 social behavior 658:672 Here we tested whether chronic prebiotic treatment modifies behavior across domains relevant to anxiety, depression, cognition, stress response, and social behavior. 28242013 0 84 theme Anxiolytic 57:66 arg1 Effects 92:98 Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects 57:98 Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects 57:98 Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice. 28242013 11 85 theme stress 1769:1774 arg1 effects 1758:1764 the effects 1754:1764 the effects of stress on the microbiota 1754:1792 Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota. 28242013 2 86 theme gut 340:342 arg1 microbiome 344:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome 317:353 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), 317:444 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 28242013 2 86 theme gut 340:342 arg1 manipulation 495:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation 449:506 Nurturing a beneficial gut microbiome with prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), is an appealing but underinvestigated microbiota manipulation. 27356770 3 0 theme glycosylated 478:489 arg1 haemoglobin 491:501 glycosylated haemoglobin 478:501 glycosylated haemoglobin 478:501 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 3 1 from haemoglobin 491:501 arg1 blood 539:543 the blood 535:543 the blood 535:543 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 2 2 from effects 202:208 arg1 composition 275:285 gut microbiota composition 260:285 gut microbiota composition 260:285 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 2 2 from effects 202:208 arg1 concentrations 321:334 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 291:334 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 291:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 4 3 theme species 820:826 arg1 enrichment 788:797 the enrichment 784:797 the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group 784:954 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 6 4 theme gut 1170:1172 arg1 microbiota 1174:1183 the gut microbiota 1166:1183 the gut microbiota 1166:1183 Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. 27356770 3 5 from Cholesterols 447:458 arg1 blood 539:543 the blood 535:543 the blood 535:543 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 2 6 theme enriched 243:250 arg1 diet 252:255 resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet 213:255 resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet 213:255 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 2 7 with individuals 394:404 arg1 signs 411:415 signs 411:415 signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 411:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 7 8 from changes 1274:1280 arg1 microbiota 1293:1302 the gut microbiota 1285:1302 the gut microbiota 1285:1302 Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. 27356770 6 9 theme RS4-specific 1137:1148 arg1 associations 1150:1161 RS4-specific associations 1137:1161 RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels 1137:1233 Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. 27356770 2 10 theme microbiota 264:273 arg1 composition 275:285 gut microbiota composition 260:285 gut microbiota composition 260:285 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 2 11 theme starch 223:228 arg1 diet 252:255 resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet 213:255 resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet 213:255 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 8 12 theme metabolic 1446:1454 arg1 management 1463:1472 metabolic health management 1446:1472 metabolic health management 1446:1472 These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management. 27356770 6 13 theme SCFA 1223:1226 arg1 levels 1228:1233 SCFA levels 1223:1233 SCFA levels 1223:1233 Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. 27356770 4 14 theme 16S-rRNA 670:677 arg1 sequencing 684:693 16S-rRNA gene sequencing 670:693 16S-rRNA gene sequencing 670:693 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 3 15 theme waist 556:560 arg1 circumference 562:574 waist circumference 556:574 waist circumference 556:574 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 4 16 from enrichment 788:797 arg1 group 950:954 the RS4 group 942:954 the RS4 group 942:954 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 6 17 with associations 1150:1161 arg1 functions 1209:1217 the host metabolic functions 1190:1217 the host metabolic functions 1190:1217 Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. 27356770 6 17 with associations 1150:1161 arg1 levels 1228:1233 SCFA levels 1223:1233 SCFA levels 1223:1233 Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. 27356770 1 18 theme gut 123:125 arg1 microbiota 127:136 the gut microbiota 119:136 the gut microbiota 119:136 Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota impacts human health. 27356770 6 19 theme host 1194:1197 arg1 functions 1209:1217 the host metabolic functions 1190:1217 the host metabolic functions 1190:1217 Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. 27356770 0 20 theme human 45:49 arg1 microbiota 55:64 human gut microbiota 45:64 human gut microbiota 45:64 Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions. 27356770 3 21 theme body 582:585 arg1 fat 587:589 % body fat 580:589 % body fat 580:589 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 2 22 from composition 275:285 arg1 parallel 339:346 parallel 339:346 parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 339:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 7 23 with individuals 1345:1355 arg1 signs 1362:1366 signs 1362:1366 signs of MetS 1362:1374 Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. 27356770 4 24 theme Christensenella 915:929 arg1 Eubacterium 898:908 Eubacterium 898:908 Eubacterium 898:908 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 24 theme Christensenella 915:929 arg1 Oscillospira 861:872 Oscillospira 861:872 Oscillospira 861:872 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 24 theme Christensenella 915:929 arg1 Blautia 875:881 Blautia 875:881 Blautia 875:881 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 24 theme Christensenella 915:929 arg1 Christensenella 915:929 Christensenella 915:929 Christensenella 915:929 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 24 theme Christensenella 915:929 arg1 each 836:839 each 836:839 each 836:839 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 24 theme Christensenella 915:929 arg1 Ruminococcus 884:895 Ruminococcus 884:895 Ruminococcus 884:895 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 0 25 from Impact 0:5 arg1 microbiota 55:64 human gut microbiota 45:64 human gut microbiota 45:64 Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions. 27356770 0 25 from Impact 0:5 arg1 immunometabolic 70:84 immunometabolic 70:84 immunometabolic 70:84 Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions. 27356770 3 26 gly glycosylated 478:489 arg1 haemoglobin 491:501 glycosylated haemoglobin 478:501 glycosylated haemoglobin 478:501 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 2 27 theme syndrome 430:437 arg1 signs 411:415 signs 411:415 signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 411:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 2 28 theme host 353:356 arg1 functions 374:382 host immunometabolic functions 353:382 host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 353:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 7 29 theme biological 1322:1331 arg1 activity 1333:1340 its biological activity 1318:1340 its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS 1318:1374 Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. 27356770 0 30 theme dietary 10:16 arg1 starch 28:33 dietary resistant starch type 4 10:40 dietary resistant starch type 4 10:40 Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions. 27356770 1 31 theme Dietary 97:103 arg1 modulation 105:114 Dietary modulation 97:114 Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota 97:136 Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota impacts human health. 27356770 0 32 theme starch 28:33 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic 0:84 Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions. 27356770 5 33 theme faecal 1010:1015 arg1 butyrate 1034:1041 butyrate 1034:1041 butyrate 1034:1041 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 5 33 theme faecal 1010:1015 arg1 propionate 1044:1053 propionate 1044:1053 propionate 1044:1053 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 5 33 theme faecal 1010:1015 arg1 hexanoate 1083:1091 hexanoate 1083:1091 hexanoate 1083:1091 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 5 33 theme faecal 1010:1015 arg1 SCFAs 1017:1021 higher faecal SCFAs 1003:1021 higher faecal SCFAs 1003:1021 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 5 33 theme faecal 1010:1015 arg1 valerate 1056:1063 valerate 1056:1063 valerate 1056:1063 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 5 33 theme faecal 1010:1015 arg1 isovalerate 1066:1076 isovalerate 1066:1076 isovalerate 1066:1076 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 3 34 theme fasting 461:467 arg1 glucose 469:475 fasting glucose 461:475 fasting glucose 461:475 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 0 35 dep starch 28:33 arg1 type 35:38 type 4 35:40 dietary resistant starch type 4 10:40 Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions. 27356770 2 36 from functions 374:382 arg1 individuals 394:404 twenty individuals 387:404 twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 387:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 6 37 theme Bivariate 1111:1119 arg1 analyses 1121:1128 Bivariate analyses 1111:1128 Bivariate analyses 1111:1128 Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. 27356770 2 38 theme unknown 194:200 arg1 effects 202:208 the hitherto unknown effects 181:208 the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 181:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 4 39 theme units 767:771 arg1 abundance 719:727 a differential abundance 704:727 a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group 704:954 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 2 40 theme acid 309:312 arg1 concentrations 321:334 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations 291:334 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 291:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 3 41 theme proinflammatory 508:522 arg1 markers 524:530 proinflammatory markers 508:530 proinflammatory markers 508:530 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 2 42 with parallel 339:346 arg1 functions 374:382 host immunometabolic functions 353:382 host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 353:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 5 43 theme chromatography-mass 961:979 arg1 spectrometry 981:992 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 957:992 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 957:992 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 8 44 theme dietary 1424:1430 arg1 guidelines 1432:1441 dietary guidelines 1424:1441 dietary guidelines 1424:1441 These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management. 27356770 4 45 theme each 836:839 arg1 species 931:937 one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species 832:937 one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species 832:937 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 2 46 theme gut 260:262 arg1 composition 275:285 gut microbiota composition 260:285 gut microbiota composition 260:285 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 6 47 theme microbiota 1174:1183 arg1 associations 1150:1161 RS4-specific associations 1137:1161 RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels 1137:1233 Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. 27356770 2 48 theme diet 252:255 arg1 effects 202:208 the hitherto unknown effects 181:208 the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 181:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 4 49 theme Bacteroides 808:818 arg1 species 820:826 three Bacteroides species 802:826 three Bacteroides species 802:826 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 2 50 from concentrations 321:334 arg1 parallel 339:346 parallel 339:346 parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 339:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 2 51 theme short-chain 291:301 arg1 SCFA 315:318 SCFA 315:318 SCFA 315:318 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 2 51 theme short-chain 291:301 arg1 acid 309:312 short-chain fatty acid 291:312 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 291:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 3 52 from glucose 469:475 arg1 blood 539:543 the blood 535:543 the blood 535:543 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 4 53 theme Ruminococcus 884:895 arg1 Eubacterium 898:908 Eubacterium 898:908 Eubacterium 898:908 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 53 theme Ruminococcus 884:895 arg1 Oscillospira 861:872 Oscillospira 861:872 Oscillospira 861:872 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 53 theme Ruminococcus 884:895 arg1 Blautia 875:881 Blautia 875:881 Blautia 875:881 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 53 theme Ruminococcus 884:895 arg1 Christensenella 915:929 Christensenella 915:929 Christensenella 915:929 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 53 theme Ruminococcus 884:895 arg1 each 836:839 each 836:839 each 836:839 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 53 theme Ruminococcus 884:895 arg1 Ruminococcus 884:895 Ruminococcus 884:895 Ruminococcus 884:895 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 2 54 theme type 230:233 arg1 diet 252:255 resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet 213:255 resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet 213:255 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 4 55 theme Eubacterium 898:908 arg1 Eubacterium 898:908 Eubacterium 898:908 Eubacterium 898:908 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 55 theme Eubacterium 898:908 arg1 Oscillospira 861:872 Oscillospira 861:872 Oscillospira 861:872 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 55 theme Eubacterium 898:908 arg1 Blautia 875:881 Blautia 875:881 Blautia 875:881 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 55 theme Eubacterium 898:908 arg1 Christensenella 915:929 Christensenella 915:929 Christensenella 915:929 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 55 theme Eubacterium 898:908 arg1 each 836:839 each 836:839 each 836:839 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 55 theme Eubacterium 898:908 arg1 Ruminococcus 884:895 Ruminococcus 884:895 Ruminococcus 884:895 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 8 56 theme health 1456:1461 arg1 management 1463:1472 metabolic health management 1446:1472 metabolic health management 1446:1472 These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management. 27356770 7 57 theme MetS 1371:1374 arg1 signs 1362:1366 signs 1362:1366 signs of MetS 1362:1374 Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. 27356770 2 58 theme resistant 213:221 arg1 diet 252:255 resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet 213:255 resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet 213:255 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 4 59 theme Oscillospira 861:872 arg1 Eubacterium 898:908 Eubacterium 898:908 Eubacterium 898:908 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 59 theme Oscillospira 861:872 arg1 Oscillospira 861:872 Oscillospira 861:872 Oscillospira 861:872 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 59 theme Oscillospira 861:872 arg1 Blautia 875:881 Blautia 875:881 Blautia 875:881 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 59 theme Oscillospira 861:872 arg1 Christensenella 915:929 Christensenella 915:929 Christensenella 915:929 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 59 theme Oscillospira 861:872 arg1 each 836:839 each 836:839 each 836:839 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 59 theme Oscillospira 861:872 arg1 Ruminococcus 884:895 Ruminococcus 884:895 Ruminococcus 884:895 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 60 theme Blautia 875:881 arg1 Eubacterium 898:908 Eubacterium 898:908 Eubacterium 898:908 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 60 theme Blautia 875:881 arg1 Oscillospira 861:872 Oscillospira 861:872 Oscillospira 861:872 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 60 theme Blautia 875:881 arg1 Blautia 875:881 Blautia 875:881 Blautia 875:881 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 60 theme Blautia 875:881 arg1 Christensenella 915:929 Christensenella 915:929 Christensenella 915:929 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 60 theme Blautia 875:881 arg1 each 836:839 each 836:839 each 836:839 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 60 theme Blautia 875:881 arg1 Ruminococcus 884:895 Ruminococcus 884:895 Ruminococcus 884:895 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 6 61 theme metabolic 1199:1207 arg1 functions 1209:1217 the host metabolic functions 1190:1217 the host metabolic functions 1190:1217 Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. 27356770 4 62 theme gene 679:682 arg1 sequencing 684:693 16S-rRNA gene sequencing 670:693 16S-rRNA gene sequencing 670:693 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 0 63 theme gut 51:53 arg1 microbiota 55:64 human gut microbiota 45:64 human gut microbiota 45:64 Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions. 27356770 3 64 theme % 580:580 arg1 fat 587:589 % body fat 580:589 % body fat 580:589 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 1 65 theme microbiota 127:136 arg1 modulation 105:114 Dietary modulation 97:114 Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota 97:136 Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota impacts human health. 27356770 1 66 theme human 146:150 arg1 health 152:157 human health 146:157 human health 146:157 Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota impacts human health. 27356770 3 67 from markers 524:530 arg1 blood 539:543 the blood 535:543 the blood 535:543 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 8 68 theme potential 1397:1405 arg1 implications 1407:1418 potential implications 1397:1418 potential implications for dietary guidelines 1397:1441 These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management. 27356770 7 69 from activity 1333:1340 arg1 individuals 1345:1355 individuals 1345:1355 individuals with signs of MetS 1345:1374 Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. 27356770 4 70 theme species 931:937 arg1 enrichment 788:797 the enrichment 784:797 the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group 784:954 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 71 theme bacterial 735:743 arg1 enrichment 788:797 the enrichment 784:797 the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group 784:954 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 71 theme bacterial 735:743 arg1 units 767:771 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units 732:771 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units 732:771 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 3 72 from fat 587:589 arg1 blood 539:543 the blood 535:543 the blood 535:543 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 2 73 theme immunometabolic 358:372 arg1 functions 374:382 host immunometabolic functions 353:382 host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 353:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 2 74 theme metabolic 420:428 arg1 MetS 440:443 MetS 440:443 MetS 440:443 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 2 74 theme metabolic 420:428 arg1 syndrome 430:437 metabolic syndrome 420:437 metabolic syndrome (MetS) 420:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 0 75 theme resistant 18:26 arg1 starch 28:33 dietary resistant starch type 4 10:40 dietary resistant starch type 4 10:40 Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions. 27356770 7 76 theme gut 1289:1291 arg1 microbiota 1293:1302 the gut microbiota 1285:1302 the gut microbiota 1285:1302 Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. 27356770 4 77 theme operational 745:755 arg1 enrichment 788:797 the enrichment 784:797 the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group 784:954 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 77 theme operational 745:755 arg1 units 767:771 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units 732:771 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units 732:771 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 78 theme differential 706:717 arg1 abundance 719:727 a differential abundance 704:727 a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group 704:954 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 3 79 from circumference 562:574 arg1 blood 539:543 the blood 535:543 the blood 535:543 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 27356770 5 80 theme higher 1003:1008 arg1 butyrate 1034:1041 butyrate 1034:1041 butyrate 1034:1041 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 5 80 theme higher 1003:1008 arg1 propionate 1044:1053 propionate 1044:1053 propionate 1044:1053 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 5 80 theme higher 1003:1008 arg1 hexanoate 1083:1091 hexanoate 1083:1091 hexanoate 1083:1091 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 5 80 theme higher 1003:1008 arg1 SCFAs 1017:1021 higher faecal SCFAs 1003:1021 higher faecal SCFAs 1003:1021 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 5 80 theme higher 1003:1008 arg1 valerate 1056:1063 valerate 1056:1063 valerate 1056:1063 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 5 80 theme higher 1003:1008 arg1 isovalerate 1066:1076 isovalerate 1066:1076 isovalerate 1066:1076 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 8 81 contain have 1392:1395 arg1 findings 1383:1390 These findings 1377:1390 These findings 1377:1390 These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management. 27356770 8 81 contain have 1392:1395 arg2 implications 1407:1418 potential implications 1397:1418 potential implications for dietary guidelines 1397:1441 These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management. 27356770 7 82 theme induced 1266:1272 arg1 changes 1274:1280 dietary RS4 induced changes 1254:1280 dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota 1254:1302 Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. 27356770 5 83 theme Gas 957:959 arg1 spectrometry 981:992 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 957:992 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 957:992 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. 27356770 7 84 theme dietary 1254:1260 arg1 changes 1274:1280 dietary RS4 induced changes 1254:1280 dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota 1254:1302 Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. 27356770 7 85 attach linked 1308:1313 arg2 changes 1274:1280 dietary RS4 induced changes 1254:1280 dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota 1254:1302 Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. 27356770 7 85 attach linked 1308:1313 arg1 activity 1333:1340 its biological activity 1318:1340 its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS 1318:1374 Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. 27356770 4 86 theme taxonomic 757:765 arg1 enrichment 788:797 the enrichment 784:797 the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group 784:954 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 4 86 theme taxonomic 757:765 arg1 units 767:771 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units 732:771 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units 732:771 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. 27356770 2 87 theme fatty 303:307 arg1 SCFA 315:318 SCFA 315:318 SCFA 315:318 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 2 87 theme fatty 303:307 arg1 acid 309:312 short-chain fatty acid 291:312 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 291:444 Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). 27356770 3 88 theme control 655:661 arg1 group 663:667 the control group 651:667 the control group 651:667 Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 28096061 7 0 theme bone 1251:1254 arg1 sections 1256:1263 Cx37-/- bone sections 1243:1263 Cx37-/- bone sections 1243:1263 Expression of glycosaminoglycans by histochemistry was decreased, whereas immunostaining revealed that biglycan was unchanged and decorin was slightly increased in Cx37-/- bone sections. 28096061 3 1 theme bone 501:504 arg1 matrix 520:525 organic bone extracellular matrix 493:525 organic bone extracellular matrix 493:525 Thus, we investigated whether global deletion of Cx37 alters the composition of organic bone extracellular matrix. 28096061 5 2 dep glycosaminoglycans- 802:820 arg1 has3 839:842 has3 839:842 has3 839:842 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 2 dep glycosaminoglycans- 802:820 arg1 chpf 830:833 chpf 830:833 chpf 830:833 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 2 dep glycosaminoglycans- 802:820 arg1 chsy1 823:827 chsy1 823:827 chsy1 823:827 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 4 3 theme periosteal 600:609 arg1 surface 633:639 periosteal and endocortical bone surface 600:639 surface 633:639 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 5 4 theme associated 860:869 arg1 decorin 891:897 decorin 891:897 decorin 891:897 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 4 theme associated 860:869 arg1 biglycan 878:885 biglycan 878:885 biglycan 878:885 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 4 theme associated 860:869 arg1 genes 871:875 proteoglycans- associated genes 845:875 glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin) 802:898 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 1 5 theme increased 159:167 arg1 mass 185:188 increased cancellous bone mass 159:188 increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation 159:232 Deletion of connexin (Cx) 37 in mice leads to increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation. 28096061 2 6 theme reduced 287:293 arg1 thickness 304:312 reduced cortical thickness 287:312 reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength 287:348 Paradoxically; however, Cx37-deficient mice exhibit reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength, suggesting a contribution of Cx37 to bone matrix composition. 28096061 1 7 theme bone 180:183 arg1 mass 185:188 increased cancellous bone mass 159:188 increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation 159:232 Deletion of connexin (Cx) 37 in mice leads to increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation. 28096061 9 8 link calvaria-derived 1602:1617 arg1 osteocytes 1619:1628 authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes 1592:1628 authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes 1592:1628 Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. 28096061 6 9 theme collagen 936:943 arg1 expression 914:923 expression 914:923 expression of type II collagen assessed by immunostaining 914:970 In addition, expression of type II collagen assessed by immunostaining was increased by 82% whereas collagen maturity by picrosirius-polarizarion tended to be reduced (p=0.071). 28096061 4 10 theme total 661:665 arg1 area 667:670 higher total area 654:670 higher total area in tibia 654:679 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 5 11 theme Cx37 727:730 arg1 Deletion 715:722 Deletion 715:722 Deletion of Cx37 715:730 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 1 12 theme due 190:192 arg1 mass 185:188 increased cancellous bone mass 159:188 increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation 159:232 Deletion of connexin (Cx) 37 in mice leads to increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation. 28096061 6 13 theme type 928:931 arg1 collagen 936:943 type II collagen 928:943 type II collagen 928:943 In addition, expression of type II collagen assessed by immunostaining was increased by 82% whereas collagen maturity by picrosirius-polarizarion tended to be reduced (p=0.071). 28096061 8 14 theme osteocytic 1313:1322 arg1 cells 1324:1328 MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells 1306:1328 MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene 1306:1351 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 9 15 theme mechanistic 1495:1505 arg1 studies 1507:1513 mechanistic studies 1495:1513 mechanistic studies 1495:1513 Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. 28096061 6 16 theme collagen 1001:1008 arg1 maturity 1010:1017 collagen maturity 1001:1017 collagen maturity by picrosirius-polarizarion 1001:1045 In addition, expression of type II collagen assessed by immunostaining was increased by 82% whereas collagen maturity by picrosirius-polarizarion tended to be reduced (p=0.071). 28096061 4 17 theme Cx37+/+ 693:699 arg1 mice 709:712 Cx37+/+ control mice 693:712 Cx37+/+ control mice 693:712 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 7 18 theme Cx37-/- 1243:1249 arg1 sections 1256:1263 Cx37-/- bone sections 1243:1263 Cx37-/- bone sections 1243:1263 Expression of glycosaminoglycans by histochemistry was decreased, whereas immunostaining revealed that biglycan was unchanged and decorin was slightly increased in Cx37-/- bone sections. 28096061 8 19 theme Cx37 1343:1346 arg1 gene 1348:1351 Cx37 gene 1343:1351 Cx37 gene 1343:1351 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 10 20 theme components 1742:1751 arg1 profile 1715:1721 altered profile 1707:1721 altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice 1707:1774 Our findings demonstrate that altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice acts in favor of higher resistance to fracture in long bones. 28096061 8 21 dep in 1288:1289 arg1 vivo 1291:1294 vivo 1291:1294 vivo 1291:1294 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 7 22 dep decreased 1134:1142 arg1 whereas 1145:1151 whereas 1145:1151 whereas 1145:1151 Expression of glycosaminoglycans by histochemistry was decreased, whereas immunostaining revealed that biglycan was unchanged and decorin was slightly increased in Cx37-/- bone sections. 28096061 3 23 theme Cx37 462:465 arg1 deletion 450:457 global deletion 443:457 global deletion of Cx37 443:465 Thus, we investigated whether global deletion of Cx37 alters the composition of organic bone extracellular matrix. 28096061 8 24 theme mRNA 1373:1376 arg1 levels 1378:1383 increased mRNA levels 1363:1383 increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes) 1363:1479 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 2 25 theme bone 388:391 arg1 composition 400:410 bone matrix composition 388:410 bone matrix composition 388:410 Paradoxically; however, Cx37-deficient mice exhibit reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength, suggesting a contribution of Cx37 to bone matrix composition. 28096061 6 26 dep reduced 1060:1066 arg1 p=0.071 1069:1075 p=0.071 1069:1075 p=0.071 1069:1075 In addition, expression of type II collagen assessed by immunostaining was increased by 82% whereas collagen maturity by picrosirius-polarizarion tended to be reduced (p=0.071). 28096061 2 27 theme Cx37 380:383 arg1 contribution 364:375 a contribution 362:375 a contribution of Cx37 to bone matrix composition 362:410 Paradoxically; however, Cx37-deficient mice exhibit reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength, suggesting a contribution of Cx37 to bone matrix composition. 28096061 0 28 theme Connexin37 0:9 arg1 deficiency 11:20 Connexin37 deficiency 0:20 Connexin37 deficiency 0:20 Connexin37 deficiency alters organic bone matrix, cortical bone geometry, and increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling. 28096061 1 29 from Deletion 113:120 arg1 mice 145:148 mice 145:148 mice 145:148 Deletion of connexin (Cx) 37 in mice leads to increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation. 28096061 9 30 theme L5 1575:1576 arg1 vertebra 1578:1585 L5 vertebra 1575:1585 L5 vertebra 1575:1585 Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. 28096061 4 31 theme marrow 576:581 arg1 area 590:593 increased marrow cavity area 566:593 increased marrow cavity area 566:593 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 5 32 dep genes 871:875 arg1 decorin 891:897 decorin 891:897 decorin 891:897 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 32 dep genes 871:875 arg1 biglycan 878:885 biglycan 878:885 biglycan 878:885 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 32 dep genes 871:875 arg1 genes 871:875 proteoglycans- associated genes 845:875 glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin) 802:898 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 3 33 theme global 443:448 arg1 deletion 450:457 global deletion 443:457 global deletion of Cx37 443:465 Thus, we investigated whether global deletion of Cx37 alters the composition of organic bone extracellular matrix. 28096061 8 34 dep synthesis 1398:1406 arg1 col3a1 1420:1425 col3a1 1420:1425 col3a1 1420:1425 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 8 34 dep synthesis 1398:1406 arg1 col1a1 1409:1414 col1a1 1409:1414 col1a1 1409:1414 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 0 35 theme bone 37:40 arg1 matrix 42:47 organic bone matrix 29:47 organic bone matrix 29:47 Connexin37 deficiency alters organic bone matrix, cortical bone geometry, and increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling. 28096061 9 36 theme authentic 1592:1600 arg1 osteocytes 1619:1628 authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes 1592:1628 authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes 1592:1628 Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. 28096061 0 37 theme bone 59:62 arg1 geometry 64:71 cortical bone geometry 50:71 cortical bone geometry 50:71 Connexin37 deficiency alters organic bone matrix, cortical bone geometry, and increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling. 28096061 10 38 theme matrix 1735:1740 arg1 components 1742:1751 the bone matrix components 1726:1751 the bone matrix components 1726:1751 Our findings demonstrate that altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice acts in favor of higher resistance to fracture in long bones. 28096061 4 39 theme Cx37-/- 543:549 arg1 mice 551:554 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice 528:554 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice 528:554 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 2 40 theme higher 329:334 arg1 strength 341:348 higher bone strength 329:348 higher bone strength 329:348 Paradoxically; however, Cx37-deficient mice exhibit reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength, suggesting a contribution of Cx37 to bone matrix composition. 28096061 3 41 theme extracellular 506:518 arg1 matrix 520:525 organic bone extracellular matrix 493:525 organic bone extracellular matrix 493:525 Thus, we investigated whether global deletion of Cx37 alters the composition of organic bone extracellular matrix. 28096061 1 42 theme osteoclast 207:216 arg1 differentiation 218:232 defective osteoclast differentiation 197:232 defective osteoclast differentiation 197:232 Deletion of connexin (Cx) 37 in mice leads to increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation. 28096061 9 43 theme cell 1664:1667 arg1 sorter 1669:1674 fluorescent-activated cell sorter 1642:1674 fluorescent-activated cell sorter 1642:1674 Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. 28096061 10 44 from profile 1715:1721 arg1 mice 1771:1774 Cx37-deficient mice 1756:1774 Cx37-deficient mice 1756:1774 Our findings demonstrate that altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice acts in favor of higher resistance to fracture in long bones. 28096061 4 45 theme bone 628:631 arg1 surface 633:639 periosteal and endocortical bone surface 600:639 surface 633:639 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 3 46 theme organic 493:499 arg1 matrix 520:525 organic bone extracellular matrix 493:525 organic bone extracellular matrix 493:525 Thus, we investigated whether global deletion of Cx37 alters the composition of organic bone extracellular matrix. 28096061 7 47 theme glycosaminoglycans 1093:1110 arg1 Expression 1079:1088 Expression 1079:1088 Expression of glycosaminoglycans by histochemistry 1079:1128 Expression of glycosaminoglycans by histochemistry was decreased, whereas immunostaining revealed that biglycan was unchanged and decorin was slightly increased in Cx37-/- bone sections. 28096061 0 48 dep matrix 42:47 arg1 signaling 102:110 Wnt/β-catenin signaling 88:110 Wnt/β-catenin signaling 88:110 Connexin37 deficiency alters organic bone matrix, cortical bone geometry, and increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling. 28096061 2 49 theme Cx37-deficient 259:272 arg1 mice 274:277 Cx37-deficient mice 259:277 Cx37-deficient mice 259:277 Paradoxically; however, Cx37-deficient mice exhibit reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength, suggesting a contribution of Cx37 to bone matrix composition. 28096061 5 50 theme proteoglycans- 845:858 arg1 decorin 891:897 decorin 891:897 decorin 891:897 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 50 theme proteoglycans- 845:858 arg1 biglycan 878:885 biglycan 878:885 biglycan 878:885 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 50 theme proteoglycans- 845:858 arg1 genes 871:875 proteoglycans- associated genes 845:875 glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin) 802:898 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 4 51 from area 667:670 arg1 tibia 675:679 tibia 675:679 tibia 675:679 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 2 52 theme cortical 295:302 arg1 thickness 304:312 reduced cortical thickness 287:312 reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength 287:348 Paradoxically; however, Cx37-deficient mice exhibit reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength, suggesting a contribution of Cx37 to bone matrix composition. 28096061 1 53 theme cancellous 169:178 arg1 mass 185:188 increased cancellous bone mass 159:188 increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation 159:232 Deletion of connexin (Cx) 37 in mice leads to increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation. 28096061 2 54 theme bone 336:339 arg1 strength 341:348 higher bone strength 329:348 higher bone strength 329:348 Paradoxically; however, Cx37-deficient mice exhibit reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength, suggesting a contribution of Cx37 to bone matrix composition. 28096061 5 55 dep maturation 769:778 arg1 loxl4 791:795 loxl4 791:795 loxl4 791:795 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 55 dep maturation 769:778 arg1 loxl3 781:785 loxl3 781:785 loxl3 781:785 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 4 56 theme higher 654:659 arg1 area 667:670 higher total area 654:670 higher total area in tibia 654:679 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 10 57 theme long 1826:1829 arg1 bones 1831:1835 long bones 1826:1835 long bones 1826:1835 Our findings demonstrate that altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice acts in favor of higher resistance to fracture in long bones. 28096061 8 58 dep maturation 1441:1450 arg1 loxl1 1458:1462 loxl1 1458:1462 loxl1 1458:1462 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 8 58 dep maturation 1441:1450 arg1 genes 1474:1478 loxl2 genes 1468:1478 loxl2 genes 1468:1478 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 8 58 dep maturation 1441:1450 arg1 lox 1453:1455 lox 1453:1455 lox 1453:1455 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 8 59 theme loxl2 1468:1472 arg1 genes 1474:1478 loxl2 genes 1468:1478 loxl2 genes 1468:1478 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 1 60 theme connexin 125:132 arg1 Deletion 113:120 Deletion 113:120 Deletion of connexin (Cx) 37 in mice 113:148 Deletion of connexin (Cx) 37 in mice leads to increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation. 28096061 8 61 theme MLO-Y4 1306:1311 arg1 cells 1324:1328 MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells 1306:1328 MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene 1306:1351 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 5 62 theme collagen 760:767 arg1 maturation 769:778 collagen maturation 760:778 collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) 760:796 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 9 63 theme Wnt/β-catenin 1522:1534 arg1 activation 1536:1545 Wnt/β-catenin activation 1522:1545 Wnt/β-catenin activation 1522:1545 Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. 28096061 4 64 theme control 701:707 arg1 mice 709:712 Cx37+/+ control mice 693:712 Cx37+/+ control mice 693:712 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 0 65 theme Wnt/β-catenin 88:100 arg1 signaling 102:110 Wnt/β-catenin signaling 88:110 Wnt/β-catenin signaling 88:110 Connexin37 deficiency alters organic bone matrix, cortical bone geometry, and increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling. 28096061 10 66 theme higher 1793:1798 arg1 resistance 1800:1809 higher resistance 1793:1809 higher resistance 1793:1809 Our findings demonstrate that altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice acts in favor of higher resistance to fracture in long bones. 28096061 9 67 theme MLO-Y4 1550:1555 arg1 cells 1568:1572 MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells 1550:1572 MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells 1550:1572 Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. 28096061 9 68 theme osteocytic 1557:1566 arg1 cells 1568:1572 MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells 1550:1572 MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells 1550:1572 Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. 28096061 8 69 theme increased 1363:1371 arg1 levels 1378:1383 increased mRNA levels 1363:1383 increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes) 1363:1479 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 5 70 theme glycosaminoglycans- 802:820 arg1 decorin 891:897 decorin 891:897 decorin 891:897 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 70 theme glycosaminoglycans- 802:820 arg1 biglycan 878:885 biglycan 878:885 biglycan 878:885 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 5 70 theme glycosaminoglycans- 802:820 arg1 genes 871:875 proteoglycans- associated genes 845:875 glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin) 802:898 Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). 28096061 4 71 theme increased 566:574 arg1 area 590:593 increased marrow cavity area 566:593 increased marrow cavity area 566:593 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 0 72 theme organic 29:35 arg1 matrix 42:47 organic bone matrix 29:47 organic bone matrix 29:47 Connexin37 deficiency alters organic bone matrix, cortical bone geometry, and increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling. 28096061 4 73 theme cavity 583:588 arg1 area 590:593 increased marrow cavity area 566:593 increased marrow cavity area 566:593 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 8 74 theme collagen 1389:1396 arg1 synthesis 1398:1406 collagen synthesis 1389:1406 collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) 1389:1426 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 10 75 theme altered 1707:1713 arg1 profile 1715:1721 altered profile 1707:1721 altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice 1707:1774 Our findings demonstrate that altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice acts in favor of higher resistance to fracture in long bones. 28096061 4 76 theme Five-month-old 528:541 arg1 mice 551:554 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice 528:554 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice 528:554 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 2 77 theme matrix 393:398 arg1 composition 400:410 bone matrix composition 388:410 bone matrix composition 388:410 Paradoxically; however, Cx37-deficient mice exhibit reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength, suggesting a contribution of Cx37 to bone matrix composition. 28096061 0 78 theme cortical 50:57 arg1 geometry 64:71 cortical bone geometry 50:71 cortical bone geometry 50:71 Connexin37 deficiency alters organic bone matrix, cortical bone geometry, and increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling. 28096061 9 79 theme calvaria-derived 1602:1617 arg1 osteocytes 1619:1628 authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes 1592:1628 authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes 1592:1628 Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. 28096061 10 80 theme bone 1730:1733 arg1 components 1742:1751 the bone matrix components 1726:1751 the bone matrix components 1726:1751 Our findings demonstrate that altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice acts in favor of higher resistance to fracture in long bones. 28096061 4 81 theme endocortical 615:626 arg1 surface 633:639 periosteal and endocortical bone surface 600:639 surface 633:639 Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. 28096061 10 82 theme Cx37-deficient 1756:1769 arg1 mice 1771:1774 Cx37-deficient mice 1756:1774 Cx37-deficient mice 1756:1774 Our findings demonstrate that altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice acts in favor of higher resistance to fracture in long bones. 28096061 1 83 theme defective 197:205 arg1 differentiation 218:232 defective osteoclast differentiation 197:232 defective osteoclast differentiation 197:232 Deletion of connexin (Cx) 37 in mice leads to increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation. 28096061 8 84 theme in 1288:1289 arg1 findings 1296:1303 these in vivo findings 1282:1303 these in vivo findings 1282:1303 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 9 85 theme fluorescent-activated 1642:1662 arg1 sorter 1669:1674 fluorescent-activated cell sorter 1642:1674 fluorescent-activated cell sorter 1642:1674 Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. 28096061 8 86 with Consistent 1266:1275 arg1 findings 1296:1303 these in vivo findings 1282:1303 these in vivo findings 1282:1303 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 8 87 theme collagen 1432:1439 arg1 maturation 1441:1450 collagen maturation 1432:1450 collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes) 1432:1479 Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). 28096061 3 88 theme matrix 520:525 arg1 composition 478:488 the composition 474:488 the composition of organic bone extracellular matrix 474:525 Thus, we investigated whether global deletion of Cx37 alters the composition of organic bone extracellular matrix. 27252151 11 0 theme animal 1471:1476 arg1 study 1478:1482 the animal study 1467:1482 the animal study 1467:1482 In the animal study, the scaffolds were combined with rhBMP-2 and ZA, rhBMP-2 or implanted alone in an ectopic muscle pouch model. 27252151 8 1 from increase 1182:1189 arg1 activity 1202:1209 the ALP activity 1194:1209 the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2 1194:1255 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. 27252151 7 2 theme alkaline 965:972 arg1 phosphatase 974:984 alkaline phosphatase 965:984 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation 965:1031 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 7 2 theme alkaline 965:972 arg1 ALP 987:989 ALP 987:989 ALP 987:989 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 9 3 with scaffold 1271:1278 arg1 glass 1307:1311 both HA and bioactive glass 1285:1311 both HA and bioactive glass 1285:1311 Further, the scaffold with both HA and bioactive glass was considered for the animal study. 27252151 3 4 theme zoledronic 319:328 arg1 acid 330:333 zoledronic acid 319:333 zoledronic acid (ZA) 319:338 This can be controlled using bisphosphonates like zoledronic acid (ZA). 27252151 3 4 theme zoledronic 319:328 arg1 ZA 336:337 ZA 336:337 ZA 336:337 This can be controlled using bisphosphonates like zoledronic acid (ZA). 27252151 5 5 theme recombinant 623:633 arg1 rhBMP-2 648:654 rhBMP-2 648:654 rhBMP-2 648:654 The aims of the study were to fabricate, physico-chemically characterize and evaluate the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA. 27252151 5 5 theme recombinant 623:633 arg1 BMP-2 641:645 recombinant human BMP-2 623:645 recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) 623:655 The aims of the study were to fabricate, physico-chemically characterize and evaluate the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA. 27252151 7 6 theme elevated 946:953 arg1 levels 955:960 elevated levels 946:960 elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation 946:1031 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 1 7 theme bone 177:180 arg1 BMP-2 205:209 BMP-2 205:209 BMP-2 205:209 Osteoinduction can be enhanced by combining scaffolds with bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). 27252151 1 7 theme bone 177:180 arg1 protein-2 194:202 bone morphogenic protein-2 177:202 bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 177:210 Osteoinduction can be enhanced by combining scaffolds with bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). 27252151 5 8 dep fabricate 523:531 arg1 characterize 553:564 characterize 553:564 characterize 553:564 The aims of the study were to fabricate, physico-chemically characterize and evaluate the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA. 27252151 4 9 theme bioactive 476:484 arg1 glass 486:490 bioactive glass 476:490 bioactive glass 476:490 In this study, we produced two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) with and without bioactive glass. 27252151 5 10 theme human 635:639 arg1 rhBMP-2 648:654 rhBMP-2 648:654 rhBMP-2 648:654 The aims of the study were to fabricate, physico-chemically characterize and evaluate the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA. 27252151 5 10 theme human 635:639 arg1 BMP-2 641:645 recombinant human BMP-2 623:645 recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) 623:655 The aims of the study were to fabricate, physico-chemically characterize and evaluate the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA. 27252151 10 11 dep % 1392:1392 arg1 25 1390:1391 25 1390:1391 25 1390:1391 In-vitro, this scaffold released nearly 25% rhBMP-2 in 21-days and the addition of ZA did not affect the release. 27252151 12 12 theme bone 1616:1619 arg1 formation 1621:1629 Significantly higher bone formation 1595:1629 Significantly higher bone formation 1595:1629 Significantly higher bone formation was observed in the scaffold loaded with both rhBMP-2 and ZA as seen from micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 27252151 0 13 theme bone 99:102 arg1 regeneration 104:115 bone regeneration 99:115 bone regeneration 99:115 Biocomposite macroporous cryogels as potential carrier scaffolds for bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration. 27252151 7 14 theme C2C12 850:854 arg1 proliferation 828:840 gradual but sustained proliferation 806:840 gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs 806:863 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 10 15 from rhBMP-2 1394:1400 arg1 21-days 1405:1411 21-days 1405:1411 21-days 1405:1411 In-vitro, this scaffold released nearly 25% rhBMP-2 in 21-days and the addition of ZA did not affect the release. 27252151 11 16 theme ectopic 1567:1573 arg1 model 1588:1592 an ectopic muscle pouch model 1564:1592 an ectopic muscle pouch model 1564:1592 In the animal study, the scaffolds were combined with rhBMP-2 and ZA, rhBMP-2 or implanted alone in an ectopic muscle pouch model. 27252151 7 17 with 6weeks 881:886 arg1 effects 906:912 augmentative effects 893:912 augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation 893:1031 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 5 18 theme carrier 583:589 arg1 properties 591:600 the carrier properties 579:600 the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA 579:662 The aims of the study were to fabricate, physico-chemically characterize and evaluate the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA. 27252151 1 19 theme morphogenic 182:192 arg1 BMP-2 205:209 BMP-2 205:209 BMP-2 205:209 Osteoinduction can be enhanced by combining scaffolds with bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). 27252151 1 19 theme morphogenic 182:192 arg1 protein-2 194:202 bone morphogenic protein-2 177:202 bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 177:210 Osteoinduction can be enhanced by combining scaffolds with bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). 27252151 9 20 theme HA 1290:1291 arg1 glass 1307:1311 both HA and bioactive glass 1285:1311 both HA and bioactive glass 1285:1311 Further, the scaffold with both HA and bioactive glass was considered for the animal study. 27252151 8 21 theme ALP 1198:1200 arg1 activity 1202:1209 the ALP activity 1194:1209 the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2 1194:1255 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. 27252151 8 22 theme significant 1170:1180 arg1 increase 1182:1189 a significant increase 1168:1189 a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2 1168:1255 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. 27252151 8 23 theme preosteoblast 1127:1139 arg1 cells 1141:1145 MC3T3 preosteoblast cells 1121:1145 MC3T3 preosteoblast cells 1121:1145 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. 27252151 8 24 theme MC3T3 1121:1125 arg1 cells 1141:1145 MC3T3 preosteoblast cells 1121:1145 MC3T3 preosteoblast cells 1121:1145 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. 27252151 4 25 contain containing 392:401 arg2 agarose 427:433 agarose 427:433 agarose 427:433 In this study, we produced two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) with and without bioactive glass. 27252151 4 25 contain containing 392:401 arg2 hydroxyapatite 439:452 hydroxyapatite 439:452 hydroxyapatite (HA) 439:457 In this study, we produced two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) with and without bioactive glass. 27252151 4 25 contain containing 392:401 arg2 silk-fibroin 403:414 silk-fibroin 403:414 silk-fibroin 403:414 In this study, we produced two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) with and without bioactive glass. 27252151 4 25 contain containing 392:401 arg1 scaffolds 382:390 two different scaffolds 368:390 two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) 368:457 In this study, we produced two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) with and without bioactive glass. 27252151 4 25 contain containing 392:401 arg2 chitosan 417:424 chitosan 417:424 chitosan 417:424 In this study, we produced two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) with and without bioactive glass. 27252151 4 25 contain containing 392:401 arg2 HA 455:456 HA 455:456 HA 455:456 In this study, we produced two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) with and without bioactive glass. 27252151 0 26 theme Biocomposite 0:11 arg1 macroporous 13:23 Biocomposite macroporous 0:23 Biocomposite macroporous 0:23 Biocomposite macroporous cryogels as potential carrier scaffolds for bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration. 27252151 9 27 theme bioactive 1297:1305 arg1 glass 1307:1311 both HA and bioactive glass 1285:1311 both HA and bioactive glass 1285:1311 Further, the scaffold with both HA and bioactive glass was considered for the animal study. 27252151 5 28 theme scaffolds 609:617 arg1 properties 591:600 the carrier properties 579:600 the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA 579:662 The aims of the study were to fabricate, physico-chemically characterize and evaluate the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA. 27252151 7 29 theme sustained 818:826 arg1 proliferation 828:840 gradual but sustained proliferation 806:840 gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs 806:863 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 12 30 located observed 1635:1642 arg1 scaffold 1651:1658 the scaffold 1647:1658 the scaffold loaded with both rhBMP-2 and ZA 1647:1690 Significantly higher bone formation was observed in the scaffold loaded with both rhBMP-2 and ZA as seen from micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 27252151 12 30 located observed 1635:1642 arg2 formation 1621:1629 Significantly higher bone formation 1595:1629 Significantly higher bone formation 1595:1629 Significantly higher bone formation was observed in the scaffold loaded with both rhBMP-2 and ZA as seen from micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 27252151 11 31 theme pouch 1582:1586 arg1 model 1588:1592 an ectopic muscle pouch model 1564:1592 an ectopic muscle pouch model 1564:1592 In the animal study, the scaffolds were combined with rhBMP-2 and ZA, rhBMP-2 or implanted alone in an ectopic muscle pouch model. 27252151 4 32 theme different 372:380 arg1 scaffolds 382:390 two different scaffolds 368:390 two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) 368:457 In this study, we produced two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) with and without bioactive glass. 27252151 12 33 theme micro-computed 1705:1718 arg1 tomography 1720:1729 micro-computed tomography 1705:1729 micro-computed tomography 1705:1729 Significantly higher bone formation was observed in the scaffold loaded with both rhBMP-2 and ZA as seen from micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 27252151 8 34 theme ZA 1066:1067 arg1 effects 1043:1049 In-vitro effects 1034:1049 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds 1034:1103 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. 27252151 7 35 theme gradual 806:812 arg1 proliferation 828:840 gradual but sustained proliferation 806:840 gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs 806:863 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 0 36 theme carrier 47:53 arg1 scaffolds 55:63 potential carrier scaffolds 37:63 potential carrier scaffolds for bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration 37:115 Biocomposite macroporous cryogels as potential carrier scaffolds for bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration. 27252151 11 37 theme muscle 1575:1580 arg1 model 1588:1592 an ectopic muscle pouch model 1564:1592 an ectopic muscle pouch model 1564:1592 In the animal study, the scaffolds were combined with rhBMP-2 and ZA, rhBMP-2 or implanted alone in an ectopic muscle pouch model. 27252151 7 38 theme MSCs 860:863 arg1 proliferation 828:840 gradual but sustained proliferation 806:840 gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs 806:863 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 0 39 theme potential 37:45 arg1 scaffolds 55:63 potential carrier scaffolds 37:63 potential carrier scaffolds for bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration 37:115 Biocomposite macroporous cryogels as potential carrier scaffolds for bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration. 27252151 7 40 theme cell-material 753:765 arg1 interactions 767:778 cell-material interactions 753:778 cell-material interactions 753:778 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 10 41 theme ZA 1433:1434 arg1 addition 1421:1428 the addition 1417:1428 the addition of ZA 1417:1434 In-vitro, this scaffold released nearly 25% rhBMP-2 in 21-days and the addition of ZA did not affect the release. 27252151 12 42 theme X-ray 1771:1775 arg1 spectroscopy 1777:1788 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1753:1788 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1753:1788 Significantly higher bone formation was observed in the scaffold loaded with both rhBMP-2 and ZA as seen from micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 27252151 5 43 theme study 509:513 arg1 aims 497:500 The aims 493:500 The aims of the study 493:513 The aims of the study were to fabricate, physico-chemically characterize and evaluate the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA. 27252151 7 44 from effects 906:912 arg1 phenotype 923:931 their phenotype 917:931 their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation 917:1031 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 9 45 theme animal 1336:1341 arg1 study 1343:1347 the animal study 1332:1347 the animal study 1332:1347 Further, the scaffold with both HA and bioactive glass was considered for the animal study. 27252151 12 46 theme dispersive 1760:1769 arg1 spectroscopy 1777:1788 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1753:1788 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1753:1788 Significantly higher bone formation was observed in the scaffold loaded with both rhBMP-2 and ZA as seen from micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 27252151 2 47 theme BMP 222:224 arg1 's 225:226 BMP's 222:226 BMP's 222:226 However, BMP's are known to also cause bone resorption. 27252151 12 48 theme energy 1753:1758 arg1 spectroscopy 1777:1788 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1753:1788 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1753:1788 Significantly higher bone formation was observed in the scaffold loaded with both rhBMP-2 and ZA as seen from micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 27252151 8 49 theme In-vitro 1034:1041 arg1 effects 1043:1049 In-vitro effects 1034:1049 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds 1034:1103 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. 27252151 8 50 with scaffolds 1234:1242 arg1 rhBMP-2 1249:1255 rhBMP-2 1249:1255 rhBMP-2 1249:1255 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. 27252151 7 51 theme osteogenic 1006:1015 arg1 differentiation 1017:1031 osteogenic differentiation 1006:1031 osteogenic differentiation 1006:1031 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 2 52 theme bone 252:255 arg1 resorption 257:266 bone resorption 252:266 bone resorption 252:266 However, BMP's are known to also cause bone resorption. 27252151 7 53 theme augmentative 893:904 arg1 effects 906:912 augmentative effects 893:912 augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation 893:1031 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 7 54 theme phosphatase 974:984 arg1 levels 955:960 elevated levels 946:960 elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation 946:1031 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 0 55 theme active 74:79 arg1 agents 81:86 bone active agents 69:86 bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration 69:115 Biocomposite macroporous cryogels as potential carrier scaffolds for bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration. 27252151 8 56 theme rhBMP-2 1054:1060 arg1 effects 1043:1049 In-vitro effects 1034:1049 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds 1034:1103 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. 27252151 6 57 theme various 700:706 arg1 methods 708:714 various methods 700:714 various methods 700:714 Scaffolds were characterized using various methods to confirm their composition. 27252151 7 58 theme 6weeks 881:886 arg1 period 871:876 a period 869:876 a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation 869:1031 During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. 27252151 10 59 dep rhBMP-2 1394:1400 arg1 % 1392:1392 % 1392:1392 % 1392:1392 In-vitro, this scaffold released nearly 25% rhBMP-2 in 21-days and the addition of ZA did not affect the release. 27252151 0 60 theme bone 69:72 arg1 agents 81:86 bone active agents 69:86 bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration 69:115 Biocomposite macroporous cryogels as potential carrier scaffolds for bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration. 27252151 8 61 theme cells 1218:1222 arg1 activity 1202:1209 the ALP activity 1194:1209 the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2 1194:1255 In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. 27252151 12 62 theme higher 1609:1614 arg1 formation 1621:1629 Significantly higher bone formation 1595:1629 Significantly higher bone formation 1595:1629 Significantly higher bone formation was observed in the scaffold loaded with both rhBMP-2 and ZA as seen from micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 27125826 13 0 theme death 2089:2093 arg1 processes 2095:2103 cell death processes 2084:2103 cell death processes 2084:2103 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 10 1 from substrates 1480:1489 arg1 fraction 1530:1537 the glycoprotein fraction 1513:1537 the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. 1513:1565 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 11 2 theme key 1702:1704 arg1 substrates 1712:1721 key Mca1p substrates 1702:1721 key Mca1p substrates 1702:1721 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 11 2 theme key 1702:1704 arg1 Ssb1p 1742:1746 Ssb1p 1742:1746 Ssb1p 1742:1746 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 11 2 theme key 1702:1704 arg1 Cdc48p 1732:1737 Cdc48p 1732:1737 Cdc48p 1732:1737 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 5 3 theme key 695:697 arg1 role 699:702 a key role 693:702 a key role 693:702 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p plays a key role in the apoptotic response in Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol. 27125826 6 4 theme glycomics 959:967 arg1 experiments 969:979 glycomics experiments 959:979 glycomics experiments 959:979 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 13 5 theme new 2042:2044 arg1 role 2046:2049 a new role 2040:2049 a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data 2040:2232 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 4 6 theme apoptosis 627:635 arg1 inducers 637:644 apoptosis inducers 627:644 apoptosis inducers 627:644 However, little is known about the contribution of glycosylation modifications to the adaptive response to apoptosis inducers. 27125826 6 7 theme farnesol 853:860 arg1 stress 862:867 farnesol stress 853:867 farnesol stress 853:867 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 2 8 theme protein 283:289 arg1 control 307:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 13 9 theme glycosylation 2205:2217 arg1 machinery.Data 2219:2232 the protein glycosylation machinery.Data 2193:2232 the protein glycosylation machinery.Data 2193:2232 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 6 10 from glycoproteomics 939:953 arg1 extracts 994:1001 cell-free extracts 984:1001 cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls 984:1034 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 5 11 theme metacaspase 669:679 arg1 Mca1p 681:685 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p 647:685 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p 647:685 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p plays a key role in the apoptotic response in Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol. 27125826 12 12 theme glycans 2008:2014 arg1 biogenesis 1994:2003 the biogenesis 1990:2003 the biogenesis of glycans 1990:2014 We found putative substrates, such as Bgl2p (validated by immunoblot), Srb1p or Ugp1p, that are involved in the biogenesis of glycans. 27125826 8 13 theme cycle 1306:1310 arg1 regulation 1312:1321 cell cycle regulation 1301:1321 cell cycle regulation 1301:1321 They were found to be involved in the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation. 27125826 6 14 from phase 896:900 arg1 glycoproteomics 939:953 quantitative glycoproteomics 926:953 quantitative glycoproteomics 926:953 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 6 14 from phase 896:900 arg1 experiments 969:979 glycomics experiments 959:979 glycomics experiments 959:979 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 6 14 from phase 896:900 arg1 extracts 994:1001 cell-free extracts 984:1001 cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls 984:1034 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 10 15 theme putative 1463:1470 arg1 substrates 1480:1489 44 new putative protein substrates 1456:1489 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions 1456:1681 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 7 16 theme N-glycosylation 1194:1208 arg1 N-glycosylated 1132:1145 17 N-glycosylated 1129:1145 17 N-glycosylated 1129:1145 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 7 16 theme N-glycosylation 1194:1208 arg1 O-glycosylated 1151:1164 45 O-glycosylated 1148:1164 45 O-glycosylated 1148:1164 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 7 16 theme N-glycosylation 1194:1208 arg1 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 7 16 theme N-glycosylation 1194:1208 arg1 sites 1185:1189 81 additional sites 1171:1189 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation 1171:1208 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 8 17 theme protein 1260:1266 arg1 folding 1268:1274 protein folding 1260:1274 protein folding 1260:1274 They were found to be involved in the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation. 27125826 7 18 gly N-glycosylation 1194:1208 arg2 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 7 18 gly N-glycosylation 1194:1208 arg2 sites 1185:1189 81 additional sites 1171:1189 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation 1171:1208 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 2 19 theme quality 299:305 arg1 control 307:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 9 20 from increase 1344:1351 arg1 O-glycosylation 1360:1374 the O-glycosylation 1356:1374 the O-glycosylation of proteins 1356:1386 We showed a general increase in the O-glycosylation of proteins in the mca1 deletion strain after farnesol challenge. 27125826 6 21 theme cell 1025:1028 arg1 walls 1030:1034 cell walls 1025:1034 cell walls 1025:1034 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 2 22 theme large 237:241 arg1 control 307:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 2 22 theme large 237:241 arg1 viability 321:329 cell viability 316:329 cell viability 316:329 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 2 22 theme large 237:241 arg1 number 243:248 a large number 235:248 a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships 235:361 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 2 22 theme large 237:241 arg1 relationships 349:361 host/pathogen relationships 335:361 host/pathogen relationships 335:361 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 8 23 theme wall 1282:1285 arg1 integrity 1287:1295 cell wall integrity 1277:1295 cell wall integrity 1277:1295 They were found to be involved in the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation. 27125826 6 24 theme devoid 1015:1020 arg1 extracts 994:1001 cell-free extracts 984:1001 cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls 984:1034 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 11 25 theme Mca1p 1706:1710 arg1 substrates 1712:1721 key Mca1p substrates 1702:1721 key Mca1p substrates 1702:1721 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 11 25 theme Mca1p 1706:1710 arg1 Ssb1p 1742:1746 Ssb1p 1742:1746 Ssb1p 1742:1746 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 11 25 theme Mca1p 1706:1710 arg1 Cdc48p 1732:1737 Cdc48p 1732:1737 Cdc48p 1732:1737 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 5 26 theme apoptotic 711:719 arg1 response 721:728 the apoptotic response 707:728 the apoptotic response in Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol 707:798 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p plays a key role in the apoptotic response in Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol. 27125826 13 27 theme critical 2126:2133 arg1 systems 2159:2165 several critical protein quality control systems 2118:2165 several critical protein quality control systems 2118:2165 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 7 28 theme new 1072:1074 arg1 peptides 1089:1096 62 new glycosylated peptides 1069:1096 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition 1069:1126 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 10 29 from fraction 1530:1537 arg1 substrates 1480:1489 44 new putative protein substrates 1456:1489 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions 1456:1681 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 11 30 theme protein 1806:1812 arg1 system 1830:1835 the protein quality control system 1802:1835 the protein quality control system 1802:1835 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 7 31 theme glycan 1109:1114 arg1 composition 1116:1126 their glycan composition 1103:1126 their glycan composition 1103:1126 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 13 32 theme quality 2143:2149 arg1 systems 2159:2165 several critical protein quality control systems 2118:2165 several critical protein quality control systems 2118:2165 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 2 33 theme processes 264:272 arg1 control 307:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 2 33 theme processes 264:272 arg1 viability 321:329 cell viability 316:329 cell viability 316:329 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 2 33 theme processes 264:272 arg1 number 243:248 a large number 235:248 a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships 235:361 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 2 33 theme processes 264:272 arg1 relationships 349:361 host/pathogen relationships 335:361 host/pathogen relationships 335:361 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 1 34 theme posttranslational 143:159 arg1 modification 161:172 an essential posttranslational modification 130:172 an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells 130:192 Protein glycolysation is an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. 27125826 1 34 theme posttranslational 143:159 arg1 glycolysation 113:125 Protein glycolysation 105:125 Protein glycolysation 105:125 Protein glycolysation is an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. 27125826 9 35 gly O-glycosylation 1360:1374 arg1 proteins 1379:1386 proteins 1379:1386 proteins 1379:1386 We showed a general increase in the O-glycosylation of proteins in the mca1 deletion strain after farnesol challenge. 27125826 0 36 theme Farnesol-induced 57:72 arg1 Apoptosis 74:82 Farnesol-induced Apoptosis 57:82 Farnesol-induced Apoptosis in Candida albicans 57:102 The Metacaspase (Mca1p) Restricts O-glycosylation During Farnesol-induced Apoptosis in Candida albicans. 27125826 11 37 theme control 1822:1828 arg1 system 1830:1835 the protein quality control system 1802:1835 the protein quality control system 1802:1835 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 1 38 from modification 161:172 arg1 cells 188:192 eukaryotic cells 177:192 eukaryotic cells 177:192 Protein glycolysation is an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. 27125826 5 39 theme molecule 782:789 arg1 farnesol 791:798 molecule farnesol 782:798 molecule farnesol 782:798 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p plays a key role in the apoptotic response in Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol. 27125826 13 40 theme cell 2084:2087 arg1 processes 2095:2103 cell death processes 2084:2103 cell death processes 2084:2103 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 10 41 theme glycoprotein 1517:1528 arg1 fraction 1530:1537 the glycoprotein fraction 1513:1537 the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. 1513:1565 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 3 42 theme protein 379:385 arg1 glycosylation 387:399 protein glycosylation 379:399 protein glycosylation 379:399 A link between protein glycosylation and apoptosis was established by the analysis of the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast. 27125826 4 43 theme glycosylation 571:583 arg1 modifications 585:597 glycosylation modifications 571:597 glycosylation modifications 571:597 However, little is known about the contribution of glycosylation modifications to the adaptive response to apoptosis inducers. 27125826 3 44 theme mutants 494:500 arg1 phenotypes 454:463 the phenotypes 450:463 the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast 450:517 A link between protein glycosylation and apoptosis was established by the analysis of the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast. 27125826 9 45 theme mca1 1395:1398 arg1 strain 1409:1414 the mca1 deletion strain 1391:1414 the mca1 deletion strain 1391:1414 We showed a general increase in the O-glycosylation of proteins in the mca1 deletion strain after farnesol challenge. 27125826 6 46 theme release 915:921 arg1 phase 896:900 the early phase 886:900 the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls 886:1034 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 2 47 theme pathogenic 198:207 arg1 yeasts 209:214 pathogenic yeasts 198:214 pathogenic yeasts 198:214 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 9 48 theme farnesol 1422:1429 arg1 challenge 1431:1439 farnesol challenge 1422:1439 farnesol challenge 1422:1439 We showed a general increase in the O-glycosylation of proteins in the mca1 deletion strain after farnesol challenge. 27125826 6 49 theme early 890:894 arg1 phase 896:900 the early phase 886:900 the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls 886:1034 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 13 50 theme metacaspase 2058:2068 arg1 role 2046:2049 a new role 2040:2049 a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data 2040:2232 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 3 51 theme budding 505:511 arg1 yeast 513:517 budding yeast 505:517 budding yeast 505:517 A link between protein glycosylation and apoptosis was established by the analysis of the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast. 27125826 5 52 from response 721:728 arg1 albicans 741:748 Candida albicans 733:748 Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol 733:798 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p plays a key role in the apoptotic response in Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol. 27125826 6 53 from experiments 969:979 arg1 extracts 994:1001 cell-free extracts 984:1001 cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls 984:1034 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 11 54 theme misfolded 1771:1779 arg1 glycoproteins 1781:1793 degrading misfolded glycoproteins 1761:1793 degrading misfolded glycoproteins 1761:1793 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 6 55 theme cell-free 984:992 arg1 extracts 994:1001 cell-free extracts 984:1001 cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls 984:1034 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 3 56 from phenotypes 454:463 arg1 yeast 513:517 budding yeast 505:517 budding yeast 505:517 A link between protein glycosylation and apoptosis was established by the analysis of the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast. 27125826 4 57 theme adaptive 606:613 arg1 response 615:622 the adaptive response 602:622 the adaptive response to apoptosis inducers 602:644 However, little is known about the contribution of glycosylation modifications to the adaptive response to apoptosis inducers. 27125826 3 58 from yeast 513:517 arg1 analysis 438:445 the analysis 434:445 the analysis of the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast 434:517 A link between protein glycosylation and apoptosis was established by the analysis of the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast. 27125826 7 59 theme additional 1174:1183 arg1 sites 1185:1189 81 additional sites 1171:1189 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation 1171:1208 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 7 59 theme additional 1174:1183 arg1 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 2 60 theme folding 291:297 arg1 control 307:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 13 61 theme protein 2197:2203 arg1 machinery.Data 2219:2232 the protein glycosylation machinery.Data 2193:2232 the protein glycosylation machinery.Data 2193:2232 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 13 62 with ProteomeXchange 2252:2266 arg1 identifier 2273:2282 identifier PXD003677 2273:2292 identifier PXD003677 2273:2292 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 10 63 theme protein 1627:1633 arg1 resolubilization 1635:1650 protein resolubilization 1627:1650 protein resolubilization 1627:1650 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 5 64 theme protease 660:667 arg1 Mca1p 681:685 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p 647:685 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p 647:685 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p plays a key role in the apoptotic response in Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol. 27125826 6 65 theme quantitative 926:937 arg1 glycoproteomics 939:953 quantitative glycoproteomics 926:953 quantitative glycoproteomics 926:953 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 6 66 theme mca1-deletion 828:840 arg1 strains 842:848 wild-type and mca1-deletion strains 814:848 wild-type and mca1-deletion strains 814:848 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 8 67 theme integrity 1287:1295 arg1 control 1249:1255 the control 1245:1255 the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation 1245:1321 They were found to be involved in the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation. 27125826 10 68 theme protein 1472:1478 arg1 substrates 1480:1489 44 new putative protein substrates 1456:1489 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions 1456:1681 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 2 69 theme cell 316:319 arg1 viability 321:329 cell viability 316:329 cell viability 316:329 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 8 70 theme cell 1301:1304 arg1 regulation 1312:1321 cell cycle regulation 1301:1321 cell cycle regulation 1301:1321 They were found to be involved in the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation. 27125826 10 71 theme mitochondrial 1659:1671 arg1 functions 1673:1681 mitochondrial functions 1659:1681 mitochondrial functions 1659:1681 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 5 72 theme Candida 733:739 arg1 albicans 741:748 Candida albicans 733:748 Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol 733:798 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p plays a key role in the apoptotic response in Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol. 27125826 6 73 theme wild-type 814:822 arg1 strains 842:848 wild-type and mca1-deletion strains 814:848 wild-type and mca1-deletion strains 814:848 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 6 74 theme walls 1030:1034 arg1 devoid 1015:1020 devoid 1015:1020 devoid 1015:1020 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 8 75 theme regulation 1312:1321 arg1 control 1249:1255 the control 1245:1255 the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation 1245:1321 They were found to be involved in the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation. 27125826 8 76 theme folding 1268:1274 arg1 control 1249:1255 the control 1245:1255 the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation 1245:1321 They were found to be involved in the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation. 27125826 0 77 from Apoptosis 74:82 arg1 albicans 95:102 Candida albicans 87:102 Candida albicans 87:102 The Metacaspase (Mca1p) Restricts O-glycosylation During Farnesol-induced Apoptosis in Candida albicans. 27125826 8 78 theme cell 1277:1280 arg1 integrity 1287:1295 cell wall integrity 1277:1295 cell wall integrity 1277:1295 They were found to be involved in the control of protein folding, cell wall integrity and cell cycle regulation. 27125826 11 79 gly glycoproteins 1781:1793 arg1 glycoproteins 1781:1793 degrading misfolded glycoproteins 1761:1793 degrading misfolded glycoproteins 1761:1793 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 10 80 theme new 1459:1461 arg1 substrates 1480:1489 44 new putative protein substrates 1456:1489 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions 1456:1681 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 13 81 theme protein 2135:2141 arg1 systems 2159:2165 several critical protein quality control systems 2118:2165 several critical protein quality control systems 2118:2165 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 7 82 theme glycosylated 1076:1087 arg1 peptides 1089:1096 62 new glycosylated peptides 1069:1096 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition 1069:1126 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 1 83 theme essential 133:141 arg1 modification 161:172 an essential posttranslational modification 130:172 an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells 130:192 Protein glycolysation is an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. 27125826 1 83 theme essential 133:141 arg1 glycolysation 113:125 Protein glycolysation 105:125 Protein glycolysation 105:125 Protein glycolysation is an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. 27125826 11 84 theme quality 1814:1820 arg1 system 1830:1835 the protein quality control system 1802:1835 the protein quality control system 1802:1835 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 13 85 theme control 2151:2157 arg1 systems 2159:2165 several critical protein quality control systems 2118:2165 several critical protein quality control systems 2118:2165 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 2 86 theme biological 253:262 arg1 control 307:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 protein folding quality control 283:313 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 2 86 theme biological 253:262 arg1 viability 321:329 cell viability 316:329 cell viability 316:329 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 2 86 theme biological 253:262 arg1 relationships 349:361 host/pathogen relationships 335:361 host/pathogen relationships 335:361 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 2 86 theme biological 253:262 arg1 processes 264:272 biological processes 253:272 biological processes 253:272 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 13 87 theme machinery.Data 2219:2232 arg1 alteration 2179:2188 the alteration 2175:2188 the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data 2175:2232 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 0 88 theme Candida 87:93 arg1 albicans 95:102 Candida albicans 87:102 Candida albicans 87:102 The Metacaspase (Mca1p) Restricts O-glycosylation During Farnesol-induced Apoptosis in Candida albicans. 27125826 9 89 theme general 1336:1342 arg1 increase 1344:1351 a general increase 1334:1351 a general increase in the O-glycosylation of proteins 1334:1386 We showed a general increase in the O-glycosylation of proteins in the mca1 deletion strain after farnesol challenge. 27125826 1 90 theme eukaryotic 177:186 arg1 cells 188:192 eukaryotic cells 177:192 eukaryotic cells 177:192 Protein glycolysation is an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. 27125826 10 91 theme metacaspase 1498:1508 arg1 substrates 1480:1489 44 new putative protein substrates 1456:1489 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions 1456:1681 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 13 92 theme several 2118:2124 arg1 systems 2159:2165 several critical protein quality control systems 2118:2165 several critical protein quality control systems 2118:2165 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 7 93 with peptides 1089:1096 arg1 composition 1116:1126 their glycan composition 1103:1126 their glycan composition 1103:1126 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 5 94 theme cysteine 651:658 arg1 Mca1p 681:685 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p 647:685 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p 647:685 The cysteine protease metacaspase Mca1p plays a key role in the apoptotic response in Candida albicans triggered by the quorum sensing molecule farnesol. 27125826 3 95 theme phenotypes 454:463 arg1 analysis 438:445 the analysis 434:445 the analysis of the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast 434:517 A link between protein glycosylation and apoptosis was established by the analysis of the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast. 27125826 9 96 theme proteins 1379:1386 arg1 O-glycosylation 1360:1374 the O-glycosylation 1356:1374 the O-glycosylation of proteins 1356:1386 We showed a general increase in the O-glycosylation of proteins in the mca1 deletion strain after farnesol challenge. 27125826 12 97 dep Bgl2p 1920:1924 arg1 validated 1927:1935 validated 1927:1935 validated by immunoblot 1927:1949 We found putative substrates, such as Bgl2p (validated by immunoblot), Srb1p or Ugp1p, that are involved in the biogenesis of glycans. 27125826 4 98 theme modifications 585:597 arg1 contribution 555:566 the contribution 551:566 the contribution of glycosylation modifications to the adaptive response to apoptosis inducers 551:644 However, little is known about the contribution of glycosylation modifications to the adaptive response to apoptosis inducers. 27125826 7 99 dep identified 1040:1049 arg1 sites 1185:1189 81 additional sites 1171:1189 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation 1171:1208 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 7 99 dep identified 1040:1049 arg1 O-glycosylated 1151:1164 45 O-glycosylated 1148:1164 45 O-glycosylated 1148:1164 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 7 99 dep identified 1040:1049 arg1 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 N-glycosylation 1194:1208 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 7 99 dep identified 1040:1049 arg1 N-glycosylated 1132:1145 17 N-glycosylated 1129:1145 17 N-glycosylated 1129:1145 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 1 100 theme Protein 105:111 arg1 modification 161:172 an essential posttranslational modification 130:172 an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells 130:192 Protein glycolysation is an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. 27125826 1 100 theme Protein 105:111 arg1 glycolysation 113:125 Protein glycolysation 105:125 Protein glycolysation 105:125 Protein glycolysation is an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. 27125826 9 101 theme deletion 1400:1407 arg1 strain 1409:1414 the mca1 deletion strain 1391:1414 the mca1 deletion strain 1391:1414 We showed a general increase in the O-glycosylation of proteins in the mca1 deletion strain after farnesol challenge. 27125826 6 102 theme apoptosis 905:913 arg1 release 915:921 apoptosis release 905:921 apoptosis release 905:921 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 13 103 dep highlight 2030:2038 arg1 available 2238:2246 available 2238:2246 available 2238:2246 Our findings highlight a new role of the metacaspase in amplifying cell death processes by affecting several critical protein quality control systems through the alteration of the protein glycosylation machinery.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003677. 27125826 3 104 theme oligosaccharyltransferase 468:492 arg1 mutants 494:500 oligosaccharyltransferase mutants 468:500 oligosaccharyltransferase mutants 468:500 A link between protein glycosylation and apoptosis was established by the analysis of the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast. 27125826 10 105 from metacaspase 1498:1508 arg1 fraction 1530:1537 the glycoprotein fraction 1513:1537 the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. 1513:1565 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 7 106 gly glycosylated 1076:1087 arg1 peptides 1089:1096 62 new glycosylated peptides 1069:1096 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition 1069:1126 We identified and characterized 62 new glycosylated peptides with their glycan composition: 17 N-glycosylated, 45 O-glycosylated, and 81 additional sites of N-glycosylation. 27125826 6 107 from extracts 994:1001 arg1 phase 896:900 the early phase 886:900 the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls 886:1034 We subjected wild-type and mca1-deletion strains to farnesol stress and then studied the early phase of apoptosis release in quantitative glycoproteomics and glycomics experiments on cell-free extracts essentially devoid of cell walls. 27125826 2 108 theme host/pathogen 335:347 arg1 relationships 349:361 host/pathogen relationships 335:361 host/pathogen relationships 335:361 In pathogenic yeasts, it is involved in a large number of biological processes, such as protein folding quality control, cell viability and host/pathogen relationships. 27125826 12 109 theme putative 1891:1898 arg1 Srb1p 1953:1957 Srb1p 1953:1957 Srb1p 1953:1957 We found putative substrates, such as Bgl2p (validated by immunoblot), Srb1p or Ugp1p, that are involved in the biogenesis of glycans. 27125826 12 109 theme putative 1891:1898 arg1 Bgl2p 1920:1924 Bgl2p 1920:1924 Bgl2p 1920:1924 We found putative substrates, such as Bgl2p (validated by immunoblot), Srb1p or Ugp1p, that are involved in the biogenesis of glycans. 27125826 12 109 theme putative 1891:1898 arg1 Ugp1p 1962:1966 Ugp1p 1962:1966 Ugp1p 1962:1966 We found putative substrates, such as Bgl2p (validated by immunoblot), Srb1p or Ugp1p, that are involved in the biogenesis of glycans. 27125826 12 109 theme putative 1891:1898 arg1 substrates 1900:1909 putative substrates 1891:1909 putative substrates 1891:1909 We found putative substrates, such as Bgl2p (validated by immunoblot), Srb1p or Ugp1p, that are involved in the biogenesis of glycans. 27125826 11 110 theme degrading 1761:1769 arg1 glycoproteins 1781:1793 degrading misfolded glycoproteins 1761:1793 degrading misfolded glycoproteins 1761:1793 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 11 111 gly glycosylated 1868:1879 arg1 substrates 1712:1721 key Mca1p substrates 1702:1721 key Mca1p substrates 1702:1721 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 11 111 gly glycosylated 1868:1879 arg1 Ssb1p 1742:1746 Ssb1p 1742:1746 Ssb1p 1742:1746 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 11 111 gly glycosylated 1868:1879 arg1 Cdc48p 1732:1737 Cdc48p 1732:1737 Cdc48p 1732:1737 We show here that key Mca1p substrates, such as Cdc48p or Ssb1p, involved in degrading misfolded glycoproteins and in the protein quality control system, are themselves differentially glycosylated. 27125826 3 112 from analysis 438:445 arg1 yeast 513:517 budding yeast 505:517 budding yeast 505:517 A link between protein glycosylation and apoptosis was established by the analysis of the phenotypes of oligosaccharyltransferase mutants in budding yeast. 27125826 10 113 dep substrates 1480:1489 arg1 involved 1596:1603 involved 1596:1603 are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions 1592:1681 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 10 114 gly glycoprotein 1517:1528 arg1 glycoprotein 1517:1528 the glycoprotein fraction 1513:1537 the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. 1513:1565 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 27125826 10 115 theme protein 1608:1614 arg1 folding 1616:1622 protein folding 1608:1622 protein folding 1608:1622 We identified 44 new putative protein substrates of the metacaspase in the glycoprotein fraction enriched on concanavalin A. Most of these substrates are involved in protein folding or protein resolubilization and in mitochondrial functions. 26876838 0 0 theme angiogenesis 101:112 arg1 osteogenesis 116:127 enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis 92:127 enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis 92:127 Nano-fibrin stabilized CaSO4 crystals incorporated injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis. 26876838 4 1 theme transforming 674:685 arg1 shape 701:705 transforming CaSO4 crystal shape 674:705 transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal 674:730 SEM and XRD analyses revealed the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal. 26876838 4 2 theme crystal 693:699 arg1 shape 701:705 transforming CaSO4 crystal shape 674:705 transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal 674:730 SEM and XRD analyses revealed the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal. 26876838 1 3 theme excellent 158:166 arg1 agent 195:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent 155:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis 155:311 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 3 theme excellent 158:166 arg1 sulfate 138:144 Calcium sulfate 130:144 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) 130:152 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 3 theme excellent 158:166 arg1 choice 218:223 an ideal choice 209:223 an ideal choice as additive in gels 209:243 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 0 4 theme enhanced 92:99 arg1 osteogenesis 116:127 enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis 92:127 enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis 92:127 Nano-fibrin stabilized CaSO4 crystals incorporated injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis. 26876838 3 5 with gel 520:522 arg1 modulus 537:543 elastic modulus 529:543 elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa 529:560 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 1 6 theme biodegradable 168:180 arg1 agent 195:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent 155:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis 155:311 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 6 theme biodegradable 168:180 arg1 sulfate 138:144 Calcium sulfate 130:144 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) 130:152 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 6 theme biodegradable 168:180 arg1 choice 218:223 an ideal choice 209:223 an ideal choice as additive in gels 209:243 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 3 7 theme 15.4±0.275kPa 548:560 arg1 modulus 537:543 elastic modulus 529:543 elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa 529:560 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 0 8 theme & 114:114 arg1 osteogenesis 116:127 enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis 92:127 enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis 92:127 Nano-fibrin stabilized CaSO4 crystals incorporated injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis. 26876838 6 9 from increase 1017:1024 arg1 levels 1050:1055 alkaline phosphatase levels 1029:1055 alkaline phosphatase levels 1029:1055 rASCs osteogenesis was confirmed by spectrophotometric endpoint assay, which showed 6-fold early increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and immuno-cytochemistry analysis. 26876838 6 9 from increase 1017:1024 arg1 analysis 1082:1089 immuno-cytochemistry analysis 1061:1089 immuno-cytochemistry analysis 1061:1089 rASCs osteogenesis was confirmed by spectrophotometric endpoint assay, which showed 6-fold early increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and immuno-cytochemistry analysis. 26876838 3 10 theme thinning 511:518 arg1 gel 520:522 a shear thinning gel 503:522 a shear thinning gel 503:522 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 3 10 theme thinning 511:518 arg1 gel 495:497 the composite gel 481:497 the composite gel 481:497 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 5 11 theme adipose 847:853 arg1 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 5 11 theme adipose 847:853 arg1 cells 880:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 840:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 840:892 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 4 12 theme CaSO4 687:691 arg1 shape 701:705 transforming CaSO4 crystal shape 674:705 transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal 674:730 SEM and XRD analyses revealed the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal. 26876838 1 13 theme bone 182:185 arg1 agent 195:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent 155:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis 155:311 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 13 theme bone 182:185 arg1 sulfate 138:144 Calcium sulfate 130:144 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) 130:152 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 13 theme bone 182:185 arg1 choice 218:223 an ideal choice 209:223 an ideal choice as additive in gels 209:243 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 5 14 theme in 786:787 arg1 attachment 806:815 in vitro early cell attachment 786:815 in vitro early cell attachment 786:815 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 5 15 dep in 786:787 arg1 vitro 789:793 vitro 789:793 vitro 789:793 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 1 16 theme forming 187:193 arg1 agent 195:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent 155:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis 155:311 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 16 theme forming 187:193 arg1 sulfate 138:144 Calcium sulfate 130:144 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) 130:152 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 16 theme forming 187:193 arg1 choice 218:223 an ideal choice 209:223 an ideal choice as additive in gels 209:243 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 7 17 theme in 1098:1099 arg1 results 1107:1113 These in vitro results 1092:1113 These in vitro results 1092:1113 These in vitro results highlight the potential of injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel for osteo-regeneration via enhanced angiogenesis. 26876838 3 18 theme fold 570:573 arg1 increase 575:582 a 1.67 fold increase 563:582 a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control 563:602 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 5 19 theme mesenchymal 863:873 arg1 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 5 19 theme mesenchymal 863:873 arg1 cells 880:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 840:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 840:892 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 5 20 theme early 795:799 arg1 attachment 806:815 in vitro early cell attachment 786:815 in vitro early cell attachment 786:815 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 6 21 theme endpoint 975:982 arg1 assay 984:988 spectrophotometric endpoint assay 956:988 spectrophotometric endpoint assay 956:988 rASCs osteogenesis was confirmed by spectrophotometric endpoint assay, which showed 6-fold early increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and immuno-cytochemistry analysis. 26876838 5 22 link derived 855:861 arg1 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 5 22 link derived 855:861 arg1 cells 880:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 840:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 840:892 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 5 23 theme derived 855:861 arg1 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 5 23 theme derived 855:861 arg1 cells 880:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 840:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 840:892 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 2 24 theme gel 382:384 arg1 system 386:391 chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system 340:391 chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system which shows improved rheology and angiogenic potential 340:446 Here, we have synthesized chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system which shows improved rheology and angiogenic potential. 26876838 5 25 theme cell 801:804 arg1 attachment 806:815 in vitro early cell attachment 786:815 in vitro early cell attachment 786:815 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 6 26 theme spectrophotometric 956:973 arg1 assay 984:988 spectrophotometric endpoint assay 956:988 spectrophotometric endpoint assay 956:988 rASCs osteogenesis was confirmed by spectrophotometric endpoint assay, which showed 6-fold early increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and immuno-cytochemistry analysis. 26876838 5 27 theme retarding 752:760 arg1 effect 762:767 the retarding effect 748:767 the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis 748:832 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 4 28 from effect 639:644 arg1 needle 712:717 needle 712:717 needle to hexagonal 712:730 SEM and XRD analyses revealed the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal. 26876838 4 28 from effect 639:644 arg1 shape 701:705 transforming CaSO4 crystal shape 674:705 transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal 674:730 SEM and XRD analyses revealed the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal. 26876838 2 29 theme angiogenic 427:436 arg1 potential 438:446 angiogenic potential 427:446 angiogenic potential 427:446 Here, we have synthesized chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system which shows improved rheology and angiogenic potential. 26876838 0 30 theme CaSO4 23:27 arg1 crystals 29:36 CaSO4 crystals 23:36 CaSO4 crystals incorporated injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis 23:127 Nano-fibrin stabilized CaSO4 crystals incorporated injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis. 26876838 1 31 theme poor 278:281 arg1 rheology 287:294 poor gel rheology 278:294 poor gel rheology 278:294 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 32 theme Calcium 130:136 arg1 CaSO4 147:151 CaSO4 147:151 CaSO4 147:151 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 32 theme Calcium 130:136 arg1 agent 195:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent 155:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis 155:311 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 32 theme Calcium 130:136 arg1 sulfate 138:144 Calcium sulfate 130:144 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) 130:152 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 32 theme Calcium 130:136 arg1 choice 218:223 an ideal choice 209:223 an ideal choice as additive in gels 209:243 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 3 33 theme composite 485:493 arg1 gel 520:522 a shear thinning gel 503:522 a shear thinning gel 503:522 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 3 33 theme composite 485:493 arg1 gel 495:497 the composite gel 481:497 the composite gel 481:497 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 0 34 theme injectable 51:60 arg1 hydrogel 79:86 injectable chitin composite hydrogel 51:86 injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis 51:127 Nano-fibrin stabilized CaSO4 crystals incorporated injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis. 26876838 1 35 theme gel 283:285 arg1 rheology 287:294 poor gel rheology 278:294 poor gel rheology 278:294 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 6 36 theme phosphatase 1038:1048 arg1 levels 1050:1055 alkaline phosphatase levels 1029:1055 alkaline phosphatase levels 1029:1055 rASCs osteogenesis was confirmed by spectrophotometric endpoint assay, which showed 6-fold early increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and immuno-cytochemistry analysis. 26876838 5 37 theme stem 875:878 arg1 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 5 37 theme stem 875:878 arg1 cells 880:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 840:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 840:892 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 1 38 theme ideal 212:216 arg1 agent 195:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent 155:199 an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis 155:311 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 38 theme ideal 212:216 arg1 sulfate 138:144 Calcium sulfate 130:144 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) 130:152 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 1 38 theme ideal 212:216 arg1 choice 218:223 an ideal choice 209:223 an ideal choice as additive in gels 209:243 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 3 39 theme Rheological 449:459 arg1 studies 461:467 Rheological studies 449:467 Rheological studies 449:467 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 5 40 theme CaSO4 772:776 arg1 effect 762:767 the retarding effect 748:767 the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis 748:832 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 2 41 theme improved 405:412 arg1 rheology 414:421 improved rheology 405:421 improved rheology 405:421 Here, we have synthesized chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system which shows improved rheology and angiogenic potential. 26876838 0 42 theme composite 69:77 arg1 hydrogel 79:86 injectable chitin composite hydrogel 51:86 injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis 51:127 Nano-fibrin stabilized CaSO4 crystals incorporated injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis. 26876838 6 43 theme alkaline 1029:1036 arg1 phosphatase 1038:1048 alkaline phosphatase 1029:1048 alkaline phosphatase levels 1029:1055 rASCs osteogenesis was confirmed by spectrophotometric endpoint assay, which showed 6-fold early increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and immuno-cytochemistry analysis. 26876838 1 44 from choice 218:223 arg1 gels 240:243 gels 240:243 gels 240:243 Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), an excellent biodegradable bone forming agent that is an ideal choice as additive in gels, however, its disadvantage being poor gel rheology and angiogenesis. 26876838 0 45 theme chitin 62:67 arg1 hydrogel 79:86 injectable chitin composite hydrogel 51:86 injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis 51:127 Nano-fibrin stabilized CaSO4 crystals incorporated injectable chitin composite hydrogel for enhanced angiogenesis & osteogenesis. 26876838 6 46 theme rASCs 920:924 arg1 osteogenesis 926:937 rASCs osteogenesis 920:937 rASCs osteogenesis 920:937 rASCs osteogenesis was confirmed by spectrophotometric endpoint assay, which showed 6-fold early increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and immuno-cytochemistry analysis. 26876838 3 47 theme chitin 589:594 arg1 control 596:602 chitin control 589:602 chitin control 589:602 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 3 48 theme shear 505:509 arg1 gel 520:522 a shear thinning gel 503:522 a shear thinning gel 503:522 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 3 48 theme shear 505:509 arg1 gel 495:497 the composite gel 481:497 the composite gel 481:497 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 7 49 theme injectable 1142:1151 arg1 gel 1174:1176 injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel 1142:1176 injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel 1142:1176 These in vitro results highlight the potential of injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel for osteo-regeneration via enhanced angiogenesis. 26876838 7 50 theme gel 1174:1176 arg1 potential 1129:1137 the potential 1125:1137 the potential of injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel for osteo-regeneration 1125:1199 These in vitro results highlight the potential of injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel for osteo-regeneration via enhanced angiogenesis. 26876838 4 51 from needle 712:717 arg1 effect 639:644 the effect 635:644 the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal 635:730 SEM and XRD analyses revealed the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal. 26876838 4 51 from needle 712:717 arg1 shape 701:705 transforming CaSO4 crystal shape 674:705 transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal 674:730 SEM and XRD analyses revealed the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal. 26876838 6 52 theme immuno-cytochemistry 1061:1080 arg1 analysis 1082:1089 immuno-cytochemistry analysis 1061:1089 immuno-cytochemistry analysis 1061:1089 rASCs osteogenesis was confirmed by spectrophotometric endpoint assay, which showed 6-fold early increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and immuno-cytochemistry analysis. 26876838 3 53 theme elastic 529:535 arg1 modulus 537:543 elastic modulus 529:543 elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa 529:560 Rheological studies showed that the composite gel was a shear thinning gel with elastic modulus of 15.4±0.275kPa; a 1.67 fold increase over chitin control. 26876838 4 54 theme SEM 605:607 arg1 analyses 617:624 SEM and XRD analyses 605:624 SEM and XRD analyses 605:624 SEM and XRD analyses revealed the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal. 26876838 5 55 theme rabbit 840:845 arg1 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 rASCs 887:891 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 5 55 theme rabbit 840:845 arg1 cells 880:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 840:884 rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) 840:892 It also masked the retarding effect of CaSO4 towards in vitro early cell attachment and angiogenesis using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and HUVECs, respectively. 26876838 7 56 dep in 1098:1099 arg1 vitro 1101:1105 vitro 1101:1105 vitro 1101:1105 These in vitro results highlight the potential of injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel for osteo-regeneration via enhanced angiogenesis. 26876838 2 57 theme injectable 371:380 arg1 system 386:391 chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system 340:391 chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system which shows improved rheology and angiogenic potential 340:446 Here, we have synthesized chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system which shows improved rheology and angiogenic potential. 26876838 4 58 theme nano-fibrin 649:659 arg1 effect 639:644 the effect 635:644 the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal 635:730 SEM and XRD analyses revealed the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal. 26876838 6 59 theme early 1011:1015 arg1 increase 1017:1024 6-fold early increase 1004:1024 6-fold early increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and immuno-cytochemistry analysis 1004:1089 rASCs osteogenesis was confirmed by spectrophotometric endpoint assay, which showed 6-fold early increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and immuno-cytochemistry analysis. 26876838 7 60 theme chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin 1153:1172 arg1 gel 1174:1176 injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel 1142:1176 injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel 1142:1176 These in vitro results highlight the potential of injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel for osteo-regeneration via enhanced angiogenesis. 26876838 7 61 theme enhanced 1205:1212 arg1 angiogenesis 1214:1225 enhanced angiogenesis 1205:1225 enhanced angiogenesis 1205:1225 These in vitro results highlight the potential of injectable chitin-CaSO4-nFibrin gel for osteo-regeneration via enhanced angiogenesis. 26876838 2 62 theme based 365:369 arg1 system 386:391 chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system 340:391 chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system which shows improved rheology and angiogenic potential 340:446 Here, we have synthesized chitin-CaSO4-nano-fibrin based injectable gel system which shows improved rheology and angiogenic potential. 26876838 4 63 theme XRD 613:615 arg1 analyses 617:624 SEM and XRD analyses 605:624 SEM and XRD analyses 605:624 SEM and XRD analyses revealed the effect of nano-fibrin (nFibrin) in transforming CaSO4 crystal shape from needle to hexagonal. 25787740 8 0 theme nanofibers 1185:1194 arg1 effect 1171:1176 The effect 1167:1176 The effect of the nanofibers incorporated with bFGF on bone regeneration 1167:1238 The effect of the nanofibers incorporated with bFGF on bone regeneration was evaluated on a calvarial critical size defect model. 25787740 1 1 theme regeneration 143:154 arg1 concept 120:126 The concept 116:126 The concept of guided bone regeneration facilitated by barrier membranes 116:187 The concept of guided bone regeneration facilitated by barrier membranes has been widely considered to achieve enhanced bone healing in maxillofacial surgery. 25787740 4 2 theme subsequent 618:627 arg1 conjugation 629:639 subsequent conjugation 618:639 subsequent conjugation 618:639 The fibrous morphology was maintained after the crosslinking and subsequent conjugation of heparin. 25787740 0 3 theme fiber 73:77 arg1 meshes 79:84 PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes 51:84 PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes for guided bone regeneration 51:113 The incorporation of bFGF mediated by heparin into PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes for guided bone regeneration. 25787740 6 4 theme tubule 952:957 arg1 formation 959:967 the tubule formation 948:967 the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells 873:1003 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 7 5 theme smooth 1125:1130 arg1 actin 1145:1149 smooth muscle alpha actin 1125:1149 smooth muscle alpha actin 1125:1149 The subcutaneous implantation of fibers incorporated with bFGF mobilized a large number of cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks. 25787740 3 6 theme bone 534:537 arg1 regeneration 539:550 bone regeneration 534:550 bone regeneration 534:550 In this study, we fabricated polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to direct bone regeneration. 25787740 1 7 theme maxillofacial 252:264 arg1 surgery 266:272 maxillofacial surgery 252:272 maxillofacial surgery 252:272 The concept of guided bone regeneration facilitated by barrier membranes has been widely considered to achieve enhanced bone healing in maxillofacial surgery. 25787740 0 8 theme guided 90:95 arg1 regeneration 102:113 guided bone regeneration 90:113 guided bone regeneration 90:113 The incorporation of bFGF mediated by heparin into PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes for guided bone regeneration. 25787740 9 9 theme bone 1550:1553 arg1 formation 1555:1563 new bone formation 1546:1563 new bone formation 1546:1563 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 10 10 contain have 1686:1689 arg2 potential 1695:1703 the potential to be used as an advanced membrane that actively enhances bone regeneration 1691:1779 the potential to be used as an advanced membrane that actively enhances bone regeneration 1691:1779 Taken together, our results suggest that the electrospun nanofibers incorporating bFGF have the potential to be used as an advanced membrane that actively enhances bone regeneration. 25787740 10 10 contain have 1686:1689 arg1 nanofibers 1656:1665 the electrospun nanofibers 1640:1665 the electrospun nanofibers incorporating bFGF 1640:1684 Taken together, our results suggest that the electrospun nanofibers incorporating bFGF have the potential to be used as an advanced membrane that actively enhances bone regeneration. 25787740 7 11 theme subcutaneous 1010:1021 arg1 implantation 1023:1034 The subcutaneous implantation 1006:1034 The subcutaneous implantation of fibers incorporated with bFGF 1006:1067 The subcutaneous implantation of fibers incorporated with bFGF mobilized a large number of cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks. 25787740 10 12 theme advanced 1722:1729 arg1 membrane 1731:1738 an advanced membrane 1719:1738 an advanced membrane that actively enhances bone regeneration 1719:1779 Taken together, our results suggest that the electrospun nanofibers incorporating bFGF have the potential to be used as an advanced membrane that actively enhances bone regeneration. 25787740 5 13 theme bFGF 784:787 arg1 release 773:779 the heparin-mediated release 752:779 the heparin-mediated release of bFGF 752:787 Release of bFGF from electrospun nanofibers without heparin resulted in a spontaneous burst, while the heparin-mediated release of bFGF decreased the burst release in 24 h. 25787740 4 14 dep crosslinking 601:612 arg1 the 597:599 the 597:599 the 597:599 The fibrous morphology was maintained after the crosslinking and subsequent conjugation of heparin. 25787740 9 15 dep enhanced 1537:1544 arg1 % 1595:1595 10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 % 1566:1595 10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 % 1566:1595 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 2 16 theme cellular 360:367 arg1 activities 369:378 cellular activities 360:378 cellular activities 360:378 However, the currently available membranes are limited in their active regulation of cellular activities. 25787740 5 17 theme bFGF 664:667 arg1 Release 653:659 Release 653:659 Release of bFGF from electrospun nanofibers without heparin 653:711 Release of bFGF from electrospun nanofibers without heparin resulted in a spontaneous burst, while the heparin-mediated release of bFGF decreased the burst release in 24 h. 25787740 9 18 theme heparinized 1461:1471 arg1 nanofibers 1473:1482 heparinized nanofibers 1461:1482 heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF 1461:1521 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 8 19 theme defect 1283:1288 arg1 model 1290:1294 a calvarial critical size defect model 1257:1294 a calvarial critical size defect model 1257:1294 The effect of the nanofibers incorporated with bFGF on bone regeneration was evaluated on a calvarial critical size defect model. 25787740 0 20 theme bone 97:100 arg1 regeneration 102:113 guided bone regeneration 90:113 guided bone regeneration 90:113 The incorporation of bFGF mediated by heparin into PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes for guided bone regeneration. 25787740 8 21 from effect 1171:1176 arg1 regeneration 1227:1238 bone regeneration 1222:1238 bone regeneration 1222:1238 The effect of the nanofibers incorporated with bFGF on bone regeneration was evaluated on a calvarial critical size defect model. 25787740 4 22 theme heparin 644:650 arg1 conjugation 629:639 subsequent conjugation 618:639 subsequent conjugation 618:639 The fibrous morphology was maintained after the crosslinking and subsequent conjugation of heparin. 25787740 4 22 theme heparin 644:650 arg1 crosslinking 601:612 crosslinking 601:612 crosslinking 601:612 The fibrous morphology was maintained after the crosslinking and subsequent conjugation of heparin. 25787740 1 23 theme barrier 171:177 arg1 membranes 179:187 barrier membranes 171:187 barrier membranes 171:187 The concept of guided bone regeneration facilitated by barrier membranes has been widely considered to achieve enhanced bone healing in maxillofacial surgery. 25787740 6 24 theme cells 931:935 arg1 migration 895:903 migration 895:903 migration 895:903 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 6 24 theme cells 931:935 arg1 formation 959:967 the tubule formation 948:967 the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells 873:1003 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 6 24 theme cells 931:935 arg1 proliferation 877:889 proliferation 877:889 proliferation 877:889 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 5 25 theme electrospun 674:684 arg1 nanofibers 686:695 electrospun nanofibers 674:695 electrospun nanofibers without heparin 674:711 Release of bFGF from electrospun nanofibers without heparin resulted in a spontaneous burst, while the heparin-mediated release of bFGF decreased the burst release in 24 h. 25787740 5 26 theme burst 803:807 arg1 release 809:815 the burst release 799:815 the burst release in 24 h 799:823 Release of bFGF from electrospun nanofibers without heparin resulted in a spontaneous burst, while the heparin-mediated release of bFGF decreased the burst release in 24 h. 25787740 7 27 theme cells 1097:1101 arg1 number 1087:1092 a large number 1079:1092 a large number of cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks 1079:1164 The subcutaneous implantation of fibers incorporated with bFGF mobilized a large number of cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks. 25787740 3 28 theme electrospun 445:455 arg1 nanofibers 457:466 polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers 410:466 polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 410:522 In this study, we fabricated polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to direct bone regeneration. 25787740 7 29 theme positive 1103:1110 arg1 cells 1097:1101 cells 1097:1101 cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks 1097:1164 The subcutaneous implantation of fibers incorporated with bFGF mobilized a large number of cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks. 25787740 6 30 dep proliferation 877:889 arg1 the 873:875 the 873:875 the 873:875 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 7 31 theme muscle 1132:1137 arg1 actin 1145:1149 smooth muscle alpha actin 1125:1149 smooth muscle alpha actin 1125:1149 The subcutaneous implantation of fibers incorporated with bFGF mobilized a large number of cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks. 25787740 7 32 theme alpha 1139:1143 arg1 actin 1145:1149 smooth muscle alpha actin 1125:1149 smooth muscle alpha actin 1125:1149 The subcutaneous implantation of fibers incorporated with bFGF mobilized a large number of cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks. 25787740 9 33 theme minimal 1372:1378 arg1 formation 1389:1397 minimal new bone formation 1372:1397 minimal new bone formation 1372:1397 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 9 34 theme nanofibers 1473:1482 arg1 implants 1449:1456 implants 1449:1456 implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF 1449:1521 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 0 35 theme bFGF 21:24 arg1 incorporation 4:16 The incorporation 0:16 The incorporation of bFGF 0:24 The incorporation of bFGF mediated by heparin into PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes for guided bone regeneration. 25787740 5 36 from nanofibers 686:695 arg1 Release 653:659 Release 653:659 Release of bFGF from electrospun nanofibers without heparin 653:711 Release of bFGF from electrospun nanofibers without heparin resulted in a spontaneous burst, while the heparin-mediated release of bFGF decreased the burst release in 24 h. 25787740 3 37 theme growth 503:508 arg1 bFGF 518:521 bFGF 518:521 bFGF 518:521 In this study, we fabricated polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to direct bone regeneration. 25787740 3 37 theme growth 503:508 arg1 factor 510:515 basic fibroblast growth factor 486:515 basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 486:522 In this study, we fabricated polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to direct bone regeneration. 25787740 9 38 theme new 1380:1382 arg1 formation 1389:1397 minimal new bone formation 1372:1397 minimal new bone formation 1372:1397 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 10 39 theme bone 1763:1766 arg1 regeneration 1768:1779 bone regeneration 1763:1779 bone regeneration 1763:1779 Taken together, our results suggest that the electrospun nanofibers incorporating bFGF have the potential to be used as an advanced membrane that actively enhances bone regeneration. 25787740 6 40 theme stem 926:929 arg1 cells 931:935 human mesenchymal stem cells 908:935 human mesenchymal stem cells 908:935 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 2 41 theme available 298:306 arg1 membranes 308:316 the currently available membranes 284:316 the currently available membranes 284:316 However, the currently available membranes are limited in their active regulation of cellular activities. 25787740 9 42 theme new 1546:1548 arg1 formation 1555:1563 new bone formation 1546:1563 new bone formation 1546:1563 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 3 43 theme polycaprolactone/gelatin 410:433 arg1 nanofibers 457:466 polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers 410:466 polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 410:522 In this study, we fabricated polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to direct bone regeneration. 25787740 6 44 theme cells 999:1003 arg1 migration 895:903 migration 895:903 migration 895:903 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 6 44 theme cells 999:1003 arg1 formation 959:967 the tubule formation 948:967 the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells 873:1003 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 6 44 theme cells 999:1003 arg1 proliferation 877:889 proliferation 877:889 proliferation 877:889 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 5 45 theme heparin-mediated 756:771 arg1 release 773:779 the heparin-mediated release 752:779 the heparin-mediated release of bFGF 752:787 Release of bFGF from electrospun nanofibers without heparin resulted in a spontaneous burst, while the heparin-mediated release of bFGF decreased the burst release in 24 h. 25787740 6 46 theme mesenchymal 914:924 arg1 cells 931:935 human mesenchymal stem cells 908:935 human mesenchymal stem cells 908:935 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 3 47 theme basic 486:490 arg1 bFGF 518:521 bFGF 518:521 bFGF 518:521 In this study, we fabricated polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to direct bone regeneration. 25787740 3 47 theme basic 486:490 arg1 factor 510:515 basic fibroblast growth factor 486:515 basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 486:522 In this study, we fabricated polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to direct bone regeneration. 25787740 3 48 theme composite 435:443 arg1 nanofibers 457:466 polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers 410:466 polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 410:522 In this study, we fabricated polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to direct bone regeneration. 25787740 4 49 theme fibrous 557:563 arg1 morphology 565:574 The fibrous morphology 553:574 The fibrous morphology 553:574 The fibrous morphology was maintained after the crosslinking and subsequent conjugation of heparin. 25787740 10 50 theme electrospun 1644:1654 arg1 nanofibers 1656:1665 the electrospun nanofibers 1640:1665 the electrospun nanofibers incorporating bFGF 1640:1684 Taken together, our results suggest that the electrospun nanofibers incorporating bFGF have the potential to be used as an advanced membrane that actively enhances bone regeneration. 25787740 6 51 theme human 908:912 arg1 cells 931:935 human mesenchymal stem cells 908:935 human mesenchymal stem cells 908:935 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 9 52 theme defect 1420:1425 arg1 defect 1420:1425 the defect 1416:1425 the defect 1416:1425 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 9 52 theme defect 1420:1425 arg1 % 1411:1411 5.36 ± 3.4 % 1400:1411 5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect 1400:1425 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 3 53 theme fibroblast 492:501 arg1 bFGF 518:521 bFGF 518:521 bFGF 518:521 In this study, we fabricated polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to direct bone regeneration. 25787740 3 53 theme fibroblast 492:501 arg1 factor 510:515 basic fibroblast growth factor 486:515 basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 486:522 In this study, we fabricated polycaprolactone/gelatin composite electrospun nanofibers incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to direct bone regeneration. 25787740 8 54 theme critical 1269:1276 arg1 model 1290:1294 a calvarial critical size defect model 1257:1294 a calvarial critical size defect model 1257:1294 The effect of the nanofibers incorporated with bFGF on bone regeneration was evaluated on a calvarial critical size defect model. 25787740 6 55 theme cord 988:991 arg1 cells 999:1003 human umbilical cord blood cells 972:1003 human umbilical cord blood cells 972:1003 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 6 56 attach released 835:842 arg1 nanofibers 853:862 the nanofibers 849:862 the nanofibers 849:862 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 6 56 attach released 835:842 arg2 bFGF 830:833 The bFGF 826:833 The bFGF released from the nanofibers 826:862 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 7 57 theme large 1081:1085 arg1 number 1087:1092 a large number 1079:1092 a large number of cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks 1079:1164 The subcutaneous implantation of fibers incorporated with bFGF mobilized a large number of cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks. 25787740 8 58 theme calvarial 1259:1267 arg1 model 1290:1294 a calvarial critical size defect model 1257:1294 a calvarial critical size defect model 1257:1294 The effect of the nanofibers incorporated with bFGF on bone regeneration was evaluated on a calvarial critical size defect model. 25787740 6 59 theme umbilical 978:986 arg1 cells 999:1003 human umbilical cord blood cells 972:1003 human umbilical cord blood cells 972:1003 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 5 60 theme spontaneous 727:737 arg1 burst 739:743 a spontaneous burst 725:743 a spontaneous burst 725:743 Release of bFGF from electrospun nanofibers without heparin resulted in a spontaneous burst, while the heparin-mediated release of bFGF decreased the burst release in 24 h. 25787740 2 61 theme active 339:344 arg1 regulation 346:355 their active regulation 333:355 their active regulation of cellular activities 333:378 However, the currently available membranes are limited in their active regulation of cellular activities. 25787740 6 62 theme human 972:976 arg1 cells 999:1003 human umbilical cord blood cells 972:1003 human umbilical cord blood cells 972:1003 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 6 63 theme blood 993:997 arg1 cells 999:1003 human umbilical cord blood cells 972:1003 human umbilical cord blood cells 972:1003 The bFGF released from the nanofibers enhanced the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as the tubule formation of human umbilical cord blood cells. 25787740 9 64 theme bone 1384:1387 arg1 formation 1389:1397 minimal new bone formation 1372:1397 minimal new bone formation 1372:1397 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 8 65 theme bone 1222:1225 arg1 regeneration 1227:1238 bone regeneration 1222:1238 bone regeneration 1222:1238 The effect of the nanofibers incorporated with bFGF on bone regeneration was evaluated on a calvarial critical size defect model. 25787740 7 66 theme fibers 1039:1044 arg1 implantation 1023:1034 The subcutaneous implantation 1006:1034 The subcutaneous implantation of fibers incorporated with bFGF 1006:1067 The subcutaneous implantation of fibers incorporated with bFGF mobilized a large number of cells positive for CD31 and smooth muscle alpha actin within 2 weeks. 25787740 1 67 theme bone 138:141 arg1 regeneration 143:154 guided bone regeneration 131:154 guided bone regeneration facilitated by barrier membranes 131:187 The concept of guided bone regeneration facilitated by barrier membranes has been widely considered to achieve enhanced bone healing in maxillofacial surgery. 25787740 1 68 theme enhanced 227:234 arg1 healing 241:247 enhanced bone healing 227:247 enhanced bone healing 227:247 The concept of guided bone regeneration facilitated by barrier membranes has been widely considered to achieve enhanced bone healing in maxillofacial surgery. 25787740 0 69 theme composite 63:71 arg1 meshes 79:84 PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes 51:84 PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes for guided bone regeneration 51:113 The incorporation of bFGF mediated by heparin into PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes for guided bone regeneration. 25787740 5 70 from release 809:815 arg1 24 h 820:823 24 h 820:823 24 h 820:823 Release of bFGF from electrospun nanofibers without heparin resulted in a spontaneous burst, while the heparin-mediated release of bFGF decreased the burst release in 24 h. 25787740 1 71 theme guided 131:136 arg1 regeneration 143:154 guided bone regeneration 131:154 guided bone regeneration facilitated by barrier membranes 131:187 The concept of guided bone regeneration facilitated by barrier membranes has been widely considered to achieve enhanced bone healing in maxillofacial surgery. 25787740 8 72 theme size 1278:1281 arg1 model 1290:1294 a calvarial critical size defect model 1257:1294 a calvarial critical size defect model 1257:1294 The effect of the nanofibers incorporated with bFGF on bone regeneration was evaluated on a calvarial critical size defect model. 25787740 1 73 theme bone 236:239 arg1 healing 241:247 enhanced bone healing 227:247 enhanced bone healing 227:247 The concept of guided bone regeneration facilitated by barrier membranes has been widely considered to achieve enhanced bone healing in maxillofacial surgery. 25787740 0 74 theme PCL/gelatin 51:61 arg1 meshes 79:84 PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes 51:84 PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes for guided bone regeneration 51:113 The incorporation of bFGF mediated by heparin into PCL/gelatin composite fiber meshes for guided bone regeneration. 25787740 2 75 theme activities 369:378 arg1 regulation 346:355 their active regulation 333:355 their active regulation of cellular activities 333:378 However, the currently available membranes are limited in their active regulation of cellular activities. 25787740 9 76 dep received 1326:1333 arg1 defect 1420:1425 the defect 1416:1425 the defect 1416:1425 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 25787740 9 76 dep received 1326:1333 arg1 % 1411:1411 5.36 ± 3.4 % 1400:1411 5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect 1400:1425 As compared to the mice that received fibers without bFGF, which presented minimal new bone formation (5.36 ± 3.4 % of the defect), those that received implants of heparinized nanofibers incorporated with 50 or 100 ng/mL bFGF significantly enhanced new bone formation (10.82 ± 2.2 and 17.55 ± 6.08 %). 27578609 4 0 theme lipopolysaccharide 569:586 arg1 length 594:599 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length 569:599 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length 569:599 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 6 1 from mutations 1003:1011 arg1 waaG 1031:1034 waaG 1031:1034 waaG 1031:1034 We found that mutations in waaJ and rfbP enhanced vesiculation, while mutations in waaC, waaF and waaG inhibited this process. 27578609 6 1 from mutations 1003:1011 arg1 waaF 1022:1025 waaF 1022:1025 waaF 1022:1025 We found that mutations in waaJ and rfbP enhanced vesiculation, while mutations in waaC, waaF and waaG inhibited this process. 27578609 6 1 from mutations 1003:1011 arg1 waaC 1016:1019 waaC 1016:1019 waaC 1016:1019 We found that mutations in waaJ and rfbP enhanced vesiculation, while mutations in waaC, waaF and waaG inhibited this process. 27578609 2 2 theme diseases 415:422 arg1 control 384:390 effective control 374:390 effective control of Salmonella-mediated diseases 374:422 Vaccines that are cross-protective against multiple serovars could provide effective control of Salmonella-mediated diseases. 27578609 7 3 from strain 1205:1210 arg1 OMVs 1184:1187 OMVs 1184:1187 OMVs from the parent strain 1184:1210 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 1 4 theme considerable 267:278 arg1 worldwide 288:296 considerable concern worldwide 267:296 considerable concern worldwide 267:296 Salmonella enterica cause diarrheal and systemic diseases and are of considerable concern worldwide. 27578609 7 5 theme wild-type 1265:1273 arg1 challenge 1290:1298 the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge 1261:1298 the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge 1261:1298 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 7 6 from mutants 1124:1130 arg1 OMVs 1094:1097 OMVs 1094:1097 OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants 1094:1130 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 2 7 theme Salmonella-mediated 395:413 arg1 diseases 415:422 Salmonella-mediated diseases 395:422 Salmonella-mediated diseases 395:422 Vaccines that are cross-protective against multiple serovars could provide effective control of Salmonella-mediated diseases. 27578609 1 8 theme concern 280:286 arg1 worldwide 288:296 considerable concern worldwide 267:296 considerable concern worldwide 267:296 Salmonella enterica cause diarrheal and systemic diseases and are of considerable concern worldwide. 27578609 0 9 theme immune 111:116 arg1 responses 118:126 cross-protective immune responses 94:126 cross-protective immune responses 94:126 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 7 10 theme immune 1155:1160 arg1 responses 1162:1170 stronger serum immune responses 1140:1170 stronger serum immune responses 1140:1170 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 4 11 theme membrane 666:673 arg1 OMPs 685:688 OMPs 685:688 OMPs 685:688 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 4 11 theme membrane 666:673 arg1 proteins 675:682 outer membrane proteins 660:682 outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing 660:698 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 0 12 theme cross-protective 94:109 arg1 responses 118:126 cross-protective immune responses 94:126 cross-protective immune responses 94:126 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 4 13 theme changing 691:698 arg1 OMPs 685:688 OMPs 685:688 OMPs 685:688 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 4 13 theme changing 691:698 arg1 proteins 675:682 outer membrane proteins 660:682 outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing 660:698 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 9 14 theme cross 1655:1659 arg1 protection 1661:1670 cross protection 1655:1670 cross protection against multiple serotypes of Salmonella infection 1655:1721 These results indicate that truncated-LPS OMVs are capable of conferring cross protection against multiple serotypes of Salmonella infection. 27578609 8 15 theme rfbP 1393:1396 arg1 mutants 1398:1404 the waaC and rfbP mutants 1380:1404 mutants 1398:1404 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 7 16 from waaC 1104:1107 arg1 OMVs 1094:1097 OMVs 1094:1097 OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants 1094:1130 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 0 17 from serovars 169:176 arg1 model 191:195 the mouse model 181:195 the mouse model 181:195 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 8 18 dep S. 1532:1533 arg1 Enteritidis 1535:1545 Enteritidis 1535:1545 Enteritidis 1535:1545 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 7 19 theme stronger 1140:1147 arg1 responses 1162:1170 stronger serum immune responses 1140:1170 stronger serum immune responses 1140:1170 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 0 20 attach derived 24:30 arg1 mutants 60:66 Salmonella Typhimurium mutants 37:66 Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS 37:85 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 0 20 attach derived 24:30 arg2 vesicles 15:22 Outer membrane vesicles 0:22 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS 0:85 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 8 21 attach derived 1367:1373 arg1 mutants 1398:1404 the waaC and rfbP mutants 1380:1404 mutants 1398:1404 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 8 21 attach derived 1367:1373 arg2 OMVs 1362:1365 OMVs 1362:1365 OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants 1362:1404 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 4 22 theme outer 660:664 arg1 OMPs 685:688 OMPs 685:688 OMPs 685:688 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 4 22 theme outer 660:664 arg1 proteins 675:682 outer membrane proteins 660:682 outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing 660:698 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 4 23 from Alterations 554:564 arg1 length 594:599 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length 569:599 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length 569:599 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 3 24 link Bacteria-derived 425:440 arg1 vesicles 457:464 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles 425:464 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 425:471 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic and are capable of eliciting protective immune responses. 27578609 3 24 link Bacteria-derived 425:440 arg1 OMVs 467:470 OMVs 467:470 OMVs 467:470 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic and are capable of eliciting protective immune responses. 27578609 3 25 theme Bacteria-derived 425:440 arg1 vesicles 457:464 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles 425:464 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 425:471 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic and are capable of eliciting protective immune responses. 27578609 3 25 theme Bacteria-derived 425:440 arg1 OMVs 467:470 OMVs 467:470 OMVs 467:470 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic and are capable of eliciting protective immune responses. 27578609 0 26 theme membrane 6:13 arg1 vesicles 15:22 Outer membrane vesicles 0:22 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS 0:85 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 5 27 theme Salmonella 805:814 arg1 OMVs 816:819 Salmonella OMVs 805:819 Salmonella OMVs 805:819 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 5 27 theme Salmonella 805:814 arg1 ability 836:842 the ability 832:842 the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains 832:930 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 8 28 theme IgG 1451:1453 arg1 responses 1455:1463 significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses 1415:1463 significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses 1415:1463 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 8 29 theme S. 1532:1533 arg1 challenge 1547:1555 S. Enteritidis challenge 1532:1555 S. Enteritidis challenge 1532:1555 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 0 30 theme Outer 0:4 arg1 vesicles 15:22 Outer membrane vesicles 0:22 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS 0:85 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 4 31 theme membrane 621:628 arg1 remodeling 630:639 outer membrane remodeling 615:639 outer membrane remodeling 615:639 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 9 32 theme multiple 1680:1687 arg1 serotypes 1689:1697 multiple serotypes 1680:1697 multiple serotypes of Salmonella infection 1680:1721 These results indicate that truncated-LPS OMVs are capable of conferring cross protection against multiple serotypes of Salmonella infection. 27578609 8 33 theme cross-reactive 1436:1449 arg1 responses 1455:1463 significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses 1415:1463 significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses 1415:1463 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 8 34 theme higher 1429:1434 arg1 responses 1455:1463 significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses 1415:1463 significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses 1415:1463 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 3 35 theme outer 442:446 arg1 vesicles 457:464 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles 425:464 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 425:471 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic and are capable of eliciting protective immune responses. 27578609 3 35 theme outer 442:446 arg1 OMVs 467:470 OMVs 467:470 OMVs 467:470 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic and are capable of eliciting protective immune responses. 27578609 4 36 theme outer 615:619 arg1 remodeling 630:639 outer membrane remodeling 615:639 outer membrane remodeling 615:639 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 5 37 theme LPS 756:758 arg1 impact 736:741 the impact 732:741 the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains 732:930 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 2 38 theme multiple 342:349 arg1 serovars 351:358 multiple serovars 342:358 multiple serovars 342:358 Vaccines that are cross-protective against multiple serovars could provide effective control of Salmonella-mediated diseases. 27578609 9 39 theme infection 1713:1721 arg1 serotypes 1689:1697 multiple serotypes 1680:1697 multiple serotypes of Salmonella infection 1680:1721 These results indicate that truncated-LPS OMVs are capable of conferring cross protection against multiple serotypes of Salmonella infection. 27578609 3 40 theme protective 525:534 arg1 responses 543:551 protective immune responses 525:551 protective immune responses 525:551 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic and are capable of eliciting protective immune responses. 27578609 3 41 theme membrane 448:455 arg1 vesicles 457:464 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles 425:464 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 425:471 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic and are capable of eliciting protective immune responses. 27578609 3 41 theme membrane 448:455 arg1 OMVs 467:470 OMVs 467:470 OMVs 467:470 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic and are capable of eliciting protective immune responses. 27578609 7 42 theme rfbP 1119:1122 arg1 mutants 1124:1130 rfbP mutants 1119:1130 rfbP mutants 1119:1130 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 9 43 theme Salmonella 1702:1711 arg1 infection 1713:1721 Salmonella infection 1702:1721 Salmonella infection 1702:1721 These results indicate that truncated-LPS OMVs are capable of conferring cross protection against multiple serotypes of Salmonella infection. 27578609 1 44 theme diarrheal 224:232 arg1 diseases 247:254 diarrheal and systemic diseases 224:254 diarrheal and systemic diseases 224:254 Salmonella enterica cause diarrheal and systemic diseases and are of considerable concern worldwide. 27578609 0 45 theme Salmonella 37:46 arg1 mutants 60:66 Salmonella Typhimurium mutants 37:66 Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS 37:85 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 0 46 from model 191:195 arg1 infection 136:144 infection 136:144 infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model 136:195 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 7 47 dep S. 1275:1276 arg1 Typhimurium 1278:1288 Typhimurium 1278:1288 Typhimurium 1278:1288 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 7 48 theme protective 1232:1241 arg1 responses 1243:1251 protective responses 1232:1251 protective responses 1232:1251 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 8 49 theme enhanced 1478:1485 arg1 cross-protection 1487:1502 enhanced cross-protection 1478:1502 enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs 1478:1579 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 5 50 theme heterologous 900:911 arg1 strains 924:930 heterologous Salmonella strains 900:930 heterologous Salmonella strains 900:930 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 7 51 theme parent 1198:1203 arg1 strain 1205:1210 the parent strain 1194:1210 the parent strain 1194:1210 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 0 52 theme Salmonella 149:158 arg1 serovars 169:176 Salmonella enterica serovars 149:176 Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model 149:195 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 1 53 theme systemic 238:245 arg1 diseases 247:254 diarrheal and systemic diseases 224:254 diarrheal and systemic diseases 224:254 Salmonella enterica cause diarrheal and systemic diseases and are of considerable concern worldwide. 27578609 6 54 from mutations 947:955 arg1 rfbP 969:972 rfbP 969:972 rfbP 969:972 We found that mutations in waaJ and rfbP enhanced vesiculation, while mutations in waaC, waaF and waaG inhibited this process. 27578609 6 54 from mutations 947:955 arg1 waaJ 960:963 waaJ 960:963 waaJ 960:963 We found that mutations in waaJ and rfbP enhanced vesiculation, while mutations in waaC, waaF and waaG inhibited this process. 27578609 5 55 theme OMVs 847:850 arg1 ability 836:842 the ability 832:842 the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains 832:930 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 5 56 dep production 772:781 arg1 the 768:770 the 768:770 the 768:770 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 3 57 theme immune 536:541 arg1 responses 543:551 protective immune responses 525:551 protective immune responses 525:551 Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic and are capable of eliciting protective immune responses. 27578609 0 58 theme Typhimurium 48:58 arg1 mutants 60:66 Salmonella Typhimurium mutants 37:66 Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS 37:85 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 0 59 theme serovars 169:176 arg1 infection 136:144 infection 136:144 infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model 136:195 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 7 60 theme serum 1149:1153 arg1 responses 1162:1170 stronger serum immune responses 1140:1170 stronger serum immune responses 1140:1170 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 7 61 theme S. 1275:1276 arg1 challenge 1290:1298 the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge 1261:1298 the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge 1261:1298 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 0 62 theme mouse 185:189 arg1 model 191:195 the mouse model 181:195 the mouse model 181:195 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 8 63 theme wild-type 1566:1574 arg1 OMVs 1576:1579 the wild-type OMVs 1562:1579 the wild-type OMVs 1562:1579 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 7 64 theme Animal 1060:1065 arg1 experiments 1067:1077 Animal experiments 1060:1077 Animal experiments 1060:1077 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 2 65 theme effective 374:382 arg1 control 384:390 effective control 374:390 effective control of Salmonella-mediated diseases 374:422 Vaccines that are cross-protective against multiple serovars could provide effective control of Salmonella-mediated diseases. 27578609 8 66 theme intraperitoneal 1328:1342 arg1 immunization 1344:1355 intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization 1314:1355 immunization 1344:1355 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 5 67 theme truncated 746:754 arg1 LPS 756:758 truncated LPS 746:758 truncated LPS 746:758 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 8 68 theme S. 1512:1513 arg1 Choleraesuis 1515:1526 S. Choleraesuis 1512:1526 S. Choleraesuis 1512:1526 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 0 69 with mutants 60:66 arg1 LPS 83:85 truncated LPS 73:85 truncated LPS 73:85 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 9 70 theme truncated-LPS 1610:1622 arg1 OMVs 1624:1627 truncated-LPS OMVs 1610:1627 truncated-LPS OMVs 1610:1627 These results indicate that truncated-LPS OMVs are capable of conferring cross protection against multiple serotypes of Salmonella infection. 27578609 4 71 theme proteins 675:682 arg1 composition 645:655 composition 645:655 composition 645:655 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 4 71 theme proteins 675:682 arg1 remodeling 630:639 outer membrane remodeling 615:639 outer membrane remodeling 615:639 Alterations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) length can result in outer membrane remodeling and composition of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changing. 27578609 0 72 theme truncated 73:81 arg1 LPS 83:85 truncated LPS 73:85 truncated LPS 73:85 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 5 73 theme Salmonella 913:922 arg1 strains 924:930 heterologous Salmonella strains 900:930 heterologous Salmonella strains 900:930 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 7 74 from rfaH 1110:1113 arg1 OMVs 1094:1097 OMVs 1094:1097 OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants 1094:1130 Animal experiments indicated that OMVs from waaC, rfaH and rfbP mutants induced stronger serum immune responses compared to OMVs from the parent strain, while all elicited protective responses against the wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge. 27578609 8 75 theme waaC 1384:1387 arg1 mutants 1398:1404 the waaC and rfbP mutants 1380:1404 mutants 1398:1404 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 8 76 theme intranasal 1314:1323 arg1 immunization 1344:1355 intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization 1314:1355 immunization 1344:1355 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 5 77 theme OMVs 816:819 arg1 immunogenicity 787:800 immunogenicity 787:800 immunogenicity 787:800 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 5 77 theme OMVs 816:819 arg1 production 772:781 production 772:781 production 772:781 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 8 78 with immunization 1344:1355 arg1 OMVs 1362:1365 OMVs 1362:1365 OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants 1362:1404 Furthermore, intranasal or intraperitoneal immunization with OMVs derived from the waaC and rfbP mutants elicited significantly higher cross-reactive IgG responses and provided enhanced cross-protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis challenge than the wild-type OMVs. 27578609 5 79 from impact 736:741 arg1 immunogenicity 787:800 immunogenicity 787:800 immunogenicity 787:800 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 5 79 from impact 736:741 arg1 production 772:781 production 772:781 production 772:781 In this study, we investigated the impact of truncated LPS on both the production and immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs, including the ability of OMVs to elicit cross-protection against challenge by heterologous Salmonella strains. 27578609 0 80 dep Salmonella 149:158 arg1 enterica 160:167 enterica 160:167 enterica 160:167 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 27578609 0 81 from infection 136:144 arg1 model 191:195 the mouse model 181:195 the mouse model 181:195 Outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Typhimurium mutants with truncated LPS induce cross-protective immune responses against infection of Salmonella enterica serovars in the mouse model. 26154695 7 0 theme repaired 1143:1150 arg1 measurements 1157:1168 repaired area measurements 1143:1168 repaired area measurements 1143:1168 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 1 1 theme bone 420:423 arg1 defect 425:430 rat cranial bone defect 408:430 rat cranial bone defect 408:430 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 11 2 theme bone 1723:1726 arg1 formation 1728:1736 bone formation 1723:1736 bone formation 1723:1736 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 1 3 theme P24 270:272 arg1 effects 189:195 The effects 185:195 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 185:272 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 1 3 theme P24 270:272 arg1 rhBMP2 278:283 rhBMP2 278:283 rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres 278:361 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 2 4 theme group 585:589 arg1 C 591:591 group C 585:591 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 6 5 theme various 1078:1084 arg1 materials 1086:1094 various materials 1078:1094 various materials 1078:1094 The repaired areas of cranial bone defects were measured, and the osteogenetic abilities of various materials were compared. 26154695 2 6 theme composite 574:582 arg1 3 mg 554:557 3 mg 554:557 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 11 7 theme novel 1654:1658 arg1 material 1660:1667 a novel material 1652:1667 a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation 1652:1736 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 11 7 theme novel 1654:1658 arg1 rhBMP2 1618:1623 rhBMP2 1618:1623 rhBMP2 1618:1623 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 11 7 theme novel 1654:1658 arg1 composite 1639:1647 P24/PLGA/CS composite 1627:1647 P24/PLGA/CS composite 1627:1647 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 7 8 from effects 1199:1205 arg1 C 1252:1252 group C 1246:1252 group C 1246:1252 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 2 9 theme bone 696:699 arg1 models 708:713 rat cranial bone defect models 684:713 rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm 684:737 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 2 10 with models 708:713 arg1 diameter 722:729 a diameter 720:729 a diameter of 5 mm 720:737 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 1 11 theme bone 217:220 arg1 BMP2 247:250 BMP2 247:250 BMP2 247:250 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 1 11 theme bone 217:220 arg1 protein-2 236:244 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 200:244 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 200:272 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 2 12 theme rat 684:686 arg1 models 708:713 rat cranial bone defect models 684:713 rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm 684:737 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 11 13 theme defect 1678:1683 arg1 repair 1685:1690 bone defect repair 1673:1690 bone defect repair with stable activity 1673:1711 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 0 14 theme acid/polyglycolic 138:154 arg1 copolymer 161:169 polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer 127:169 polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer 127:169 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 26154695 1 15 theme protein-2 236:244 arg1 P24 270:272 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 200:272 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 200:272 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 2 16 theme group 545:549 arg1 B 551:551 group B 545:551 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 9 17 theme Group 1340:1344 arg1 D 1346:1346 Group D 1340:1346 Group D 1340:1346 Group D achieved the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects, where a large number of fibrous connective tissues were observed. 26154695 2 18 theme composite 534:542 arg1 1 μg 511:514 1 μg 511:514 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 2 19 theme P24/PLGA/CS 623:633 arg1 composite 635:643 P24/PLGA/CS composite 623:643 P24/PLGA/CS composite 623:643 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 1 20 theme rat 408:410 arg1 defect 425:430 rat cranial bone defect 408:430 rat cranial bone defect 408:430 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 2 21 theme blank 655:659 arg1 material 669:676 blank PLGA/CS material 655:676 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 0 22 theme bone 43:46 arg1 peptide 80:86 bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide 43:86 bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan 43:182 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 26154695 1 23 theme PLGA 330:333 arg1 microspheres 350:361 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres 299:361 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres 299:361 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 9 24 theme worst 1361:1365 arg1 effect 1374:1379 the worst repair effect 1357:1379 the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects 1357:1403 Group D achieved the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects, where a large number of fibrous connective tissues were observed. 26154695 11 25 theme P24/PLGA/CS 1627:1637 arg1 material 1660:1667 a novel material 1652:1667 a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation 1652:1736 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 11 25 theme P24/PLGA/CS 1627:1637 arg1 rhBMP2 1618:1623 rhBMP2 1618:1623 rhBMP2 1618:1623 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 11 25 theme P24/PLGA/CS 1627:1637 arg1 composite 1639:1647 P24/PLGA/CS composite 1627:1647 P24/PLGA/CS composite 1627:1647 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 0 26 theme protein-2-related 62:78 arg1 peptide 80:86 bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide 43:86 bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan 43:182 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 26154695 1 27 theme /chitosan 335:343 arg1 microspheres 350:361 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres 299:361 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres 299:361 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 2 28 theme group 502:506 arg1 A 508:508 group A 502:508 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 1 29 theme CS 346:347 arg1 microspheres 350:361 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres 299:361 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres 299:361 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 9 30 theme cranial 1384:1390 arg1 defects 1397:1403 cranial bone defects 1384:1403 cranial bone defects 1384:1403 Group D achieved the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects, where a large number of fibrous connective tissues were observed. 26154695 4 31 theme 12 861:862 arg1 post-operation 864:877 weeks 6 and 12 post-operation 849:877 weeks 6 and 12 post-operation 849:877 The animals were sacrificed on weeks 6 and 12 post-operation. 26154695 9 32 theme defects 1397:1403 arg1 effect 1374:1379 the worst repair effect 1357:1379 the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects 1357:1403 Group D achieved the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects, where a large number of fibrous connective tissues were observed. 26154695 3 33 theme bone 804:807 arg1 defects 809:815 the cranial bone defects 792:815 the cranial bone defects 792:815 The materials were transplanted to the cranial bone defects. 26154695 2 34 theme 1.5 mg 613:618 arg1 0.5 μg 594:599 0.5 μg 594:599 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 10 35 theme PLGA/CS 1476:1482 arg1 microspheres 1494:1505 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres 1472:1505 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres loaded with rhBMP2 and P24 1472:1532 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres loaded with rhBMP2 and P24 had optimal concrescence and could mutually increase their osteogenesis capability. 26154695 2 36 theme rhBMP2 604:609 arg1 0.5 μg 594:599 0.5 μg 594:599 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 0 37 theme rat 10:12 arg1 defect 27:32 rat cranial bone defect 10:32 rat cranial bone defect 10:32 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 26154695 1 38 theme poly 299:302 arg1 microspheres 350:361 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres 299:361 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres 299:361 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 9 39 theme large 1414:1418 arg1 number 1420:1425 a large number 1412:1425 a large number of fibrous connective tissues 1412:1455 Group D achieved the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects, where a large number of fibrous connective tissues were observed. 26154695 0 40 theme bone 22:25 arg1 defect 27:32 rat cranial bone defect 10:32 rat cranial bone defect 10:32 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 26154695 1 41 theme lactic-co-glycolic 304:321 arg1 poly 299:302 poly 299:302 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres 299:361 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 1 41 theme lactic-co-glycolic 304:321 arg1 acid 323:326 lactic-co-glycolic acid 304:326 lactic-co-glycolic acid 304:326 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 5 42 theme CT 928:929 arg1 scanning 931:938 3D CT scanning 925:938 3D CT scanning 925:938 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 5 42 theme CT 928:929 arg1 examinations 893:904 Radiographic examinations 880:904 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) 880:939 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 9 43 theme connective 1438:1447 arg1 tissues 1449:1455 fibrous connective tissues 1430:1455 fibrous connective tissues 1430:1455 Group D achieved the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects, where a large number of fibrous connective tissues were observed. 26154695 2 44 dep divided 476:482 arg1 A 508:508 group A 502:508 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 5 45 theme x-ray 907:911 arg1 imaging 913:919 x-ray imaging 907:919 x-ray imaging 907:919 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 5 45 theme x-ray 907:911 arg1 examinations 893:904 Radiographic examinations 880:904 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) 880:939 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 6 46 theme defects 1021:1027 arg1 areas 999:1003 The repaired areas 986:1003 The repaired areas of cranial bone defects 986:1027 The repaired areas of cranial bone defects were measured, and the osteogenetic abilities of various materials were compared. 26154695 6 47 theme cranial 1008:1014 arg1 defects 1021:1027 cranial bone defects 1008:1027 cranial bone defects 1008:1027 The repaired areas of cranial bone defects were measured, and the osteogenetic abilities of various materials were compared. 26154695 1 48 theme peptide 262:268 arg1 P24 270:272 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 200:272 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 200:272 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 7 49 theme area 1152:1155 arg1 measurements 1157:1168 repaired area measurements 1143:1168 repaired area measurements 1143:1168 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 2 50 theme 5 mm 734:737 arg1 diameter 722:729 a diameter 720:729 a diameter of 5 mm 720:737 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 1 51 theme defect 425:430 arg1 repair 398:403 the repair 394:403 the repair of rat cranial bone defect 394:430 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 2 52 dep A 508:508 arg1 3 mg 554:557 3 mg 554:557 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 2 52 dep A 508:508 arg1 C 591:591 group C 585:591 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 2 52 dep A 508:508 arg1 0.5 μg 594:599 0.5 μg 594:599 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 2 52 dep A 508:508 arg1 material 669:676 blank PLGA/CS material 655:676 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 2 52 dep A 508:508 arg1 1 μg 511:514 1 μg 511:514 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 2 52 dep A 508:508 arg1 B 551:551 group B 545:551 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 2 52 dep A 508:508 arg1 D 652:652 group D 646:652 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 6 53 theme materials 1086:1094 arg1 abilities 1065:1073 the osteogenetic abilities 1048:1073 the osteogenetic abilities of various materials 1048:1094 The repaired areas of cranial bone defects were measured, and the osteogenetic abilities of various materials were compared. 26154695 7 54 theme osteogenetic 1186:1197 arg1 better 1259:1264 better 1259:1264 better 1259:1264 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 7 54 theme osteogenetic 1186:1197 arg1 effects 1199:1205 the osteogenetic effects 1182:1205 the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C 1182:1252 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 10 55 theme osteogenesis 1593:1604 arg1 capability 1606:1615 their osteogenesis capability 1587:1615 their osteogenesis capability 1587:1615 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres loaded with rhBMP2 and P24 had optimal concrescence and could mutually increase their osteogenesis capability. 26154695 8 56 from effects 1300:1306 arg1 groups 1311:1316 groups A and B 1311:1324 groups A and B 1311:1324 The effects in groups A and B were similar. 26154695 8 56 from effects 1300:1306 arg1 B 1324:1324 B 1324:1324 B 1324:1324 The effects in groups A and B were similar. 26154695 8 56 from effects 1300:1306 arg1 A 1318:1318 A 1318:1318 A 1318:1318 The effects in groups A and B were similar. 26154695 2 57 theme P24/PLGA/CS 562:572 arg1 composite 574:582 P24/PLGA/CS composite 562:582 P24/PLGA/CS composite 562:582 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 6 58 theme osteogenetic 1052:1063 arg1 abilities 1065:1073 the osteogenetic abilities 1048:1073 the osteogenetic abilities of various materials 1048:1094 The repaired areas of cranial bone defects were measured, and the osteogenetic abilities of various materials were compared. 26154695 2 59 theme defect 701:706 arg1 models 708:713 rat cranial bone defect models 684:713 rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm 684:737 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 0 60 theme polylactic 127:136 arg1 copolymer 161:169 polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer 127:169 polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer 127:169 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 26154695 1 61 theme transplanted 204:215 arg1 BMP2 247:250 BMP2 247:250 BMP2 247:250 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 1 61 theme transplanted 204:215 arg1 protein-2 236:244 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 200:244 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 200:272 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 10 62 contain had 1534:1536 arg1 microspheres 1494:1505 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres 1472:1505 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres loaded with rhBMP2 and P24 1472:1532 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres loaded with rhBMP2 and P24 had optimal concrescence and could mutually increase their osteogenesis capability. 26154695 10 62 contain had 1534:1536 arg2 concrescence 1546:1557 optimal concrescence 1538:1557 optimal concrescence 1538:1557 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres loaded with rhBMP2 and P24 had optimal concrescence and could mutually increase their osteogenesis capability. 26154695 2 63 theme cranial 688:694 arg1 models 708:713 rat cranial bone defect models 684:713 rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm 684:737 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 0 64 theme acid 156:159 arg1 copolymer 161:169 polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer 127:169 polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer 127:169 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 26154695 1 65 theme morphogenetic 222:234 arg1 BMP2 247:250 BMP2 247:250 BMP2 247:250 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 1 65 theme morphogenetic 222:234 arg1 protein-2 236:244 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 200:244 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 200:272 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 2 66 theme group 646:650 arg1 D 652:652 group D 646:652 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 2 67 theme composite 635:643 arg1 rhBMP2 604:609 rhBMP2 604:609 rhBMP2 604:609 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 5 68 dep examinations 893:904 arg1 imaging 913:919 x-ray imaging 907:919 x-ray imaging 907:919 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 5 68 dep examinations 893:904 arg1 scanning 931:938 3D CT scanning 925:938 3D CT scanning 925:938 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 5 68 dep examinations 893:904 arg1 examinations 893:904 Radiographic examinations 880:904 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) 880:939 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 11 69 theme bone 1673:1676 arg1 repair 1685:1690 bone defect repair 1673:1690 bone defect repair with stable activity 1673:1711 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 5 70 theme histological 945:956 arg1 evaluations 958:968 histological evaluations 945:968 histological evaluations 945:968 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 2 71 theme rhBMP2/PLGA/CS 519:532 arg1 composite 534:542 rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite 519:542 rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite 519:542 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 7 72 theme group 1246:1250 arg1 C 1252:1252 group C 1246:1252 group C 1246:1252 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 2 73 theme PLGA/CS 661:667 arg1 material 669:676 blank PLGA/CS material 655:676 group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material 502:676 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 0 74 theme morphogenetic 48:60 arg1 peptide 80:86 bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide 43:86 bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan 43:182 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 26154695 1 75 theme cranial 412:418 arg1 defect 425:430 rat cranial bone defect 408:430 rat cranial bone defect 408:430 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26154695 9 76 theme repair 1367:1372 arg1 effect 1374:1379 the worst repair effect 1357:1379 the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects 1357:1403 Group D achieved the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects, where a large number of fibrous connective tissues were observed. 26154695 3 77 theme cranial 796:802 arg1 defects 809:815 the cranial bone defects 792:815 the cranial bone defects 792:815 The materials were transplanted to the cranial bone defects. 26154695 7 78 theme Cranial 1111:1117 arg1 histology 1119:1127 Cranial histology 1111:1127 Cranial histology 1111:1127 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 4 79 theme weeks 849:853 arg1 post-operation 864:877 weeks 6 and 12 post-operation 849:877 weeks 6 and 12 post-operation 849:877 The animals were sacrificed on weeks 6 and 12 post-operation. 26154695 11 80 with repair 1685:1690 arg1 activity 1704:1711 stable activity 1697:1711 stable activity 1697:1711 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 9 81 theme bone 1392:1395 arg1 defects 1397:1403 cranial bone defects 1384:1403 cranial bone defects 1384:1403 Group D achieved the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects, where a large number of fibrous connective tissues were observed. 26154695 6 82 theme repaired 990:997 arg1 areas 999:1003 The repaired areas 986:1003 The repaired areas of cranial bone defects 986:1027 The repaired areas of cranial bone defects were measured, and the osteogenetic abilities of various materials were compared. 26154695 10 83 theme composite 1484:1492 arg1 microspheres 1494:1505 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres 1472:1505 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres loaded with rhBMP2 and P24 1472:1532 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres loaded with rhBMP2 and P24 had optimal concrescence and could mutually increase their osteogenesis capability. 26154695 0 84 theme cranial 14:20 arg1 defect 27:32 rat cranial bone defect 10:32 rat cranial bone defect 10:32 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 26154695 7 85 theme time 1214:1217 arg1 weeks 1227:1231 weeks 6 and 12 1227:1240 weeks 1227:1231 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 7 85 theme time 1214:1217 arg1 12 1239:1240 12 1239:1240 12 1239:1240 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 7 85 theme time 1214:1217 arg1 points 1219:1224 two time points 1210:1224 two time points (weeks 6 and 12) 1210:1241 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 5 86 theme Radiographic 880:891 arg1 imaging 913:919 x-ray imaging 907:919 x-ray imaging 907:919 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 5 86 theme Radiographic 880:891 arg1 scanning 931:938 3D CT scanning 925:938 3D CT scanning 925:938 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 5 86 theme Radiographic 880:891 arg1 examinations 893:904 Radiographic examinations 880:904 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) 880:939 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 0 87 theme defect 27:32 arg1 Repair 0:5 Repair 0:5 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 0:183 Repair of rat cranial bone defect by using bone morphogenetic protein-2-related peptide combined with microspheres composed of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. 26154695 5 88 theme 3D 925:926 arg1 scanning 931:938 3D CT scanning 925:938 3D CT scanning 925:938 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 5 88 theme 3D 925:926 arg1 examinations 893:904 Radiographic examinations 880:904 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) 880:939 Radiographic examinations (x-ray imaging and 3D CT scanning) and histological evaluations were performed. 26154695 8 89 dep groups 1311:1316 arg1 groups 1311:1316 groups A and B 1311:1324 groups A and B 1311:1324 The effects in groups A and B were similar. 26154695 8 89 dep groups 1311:1316 arg1 B 1324:1324 B 1324:1324 B 1324:1324 The effects in groups A and B were similar. 26154695 8 89 dep groups 1311:1316 arg1 A 1318:1318 A 1318:1318 A 1318:1318 The effects in groups A and B were similar. 26154695 9 90 theme fibrous 1430:1436 arg1 tissues 1449:1455 fibrous connective tissues 1430:1455 fibrous connective tissues 1430:1455 Group D achieved the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects, where a large number of fibrous connective tissues were observed. 26154695 7 91 dep groups 1280:1285 arg1 groups 1280:1285 groups A and B 1280:1293 groups A and B 1280:1293 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 7 91 dep groups 1280:1285 arg1 B 1293:1293 B 1293:1293 B 1293:1293 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 7 91 dep groups 1280:1285 arg1 A 1287:1287 A 1287:1287 A 1287:1287 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 2 92 theme white 439:443 arg1 rats 445:448 Forty white rats 433:448 Forty white rats 433:448 Forty white rats were selected and equally divided into four groups (group A: 1 μg of rhBMP2/PLGA/CS composite; group B: 3 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group C: 0.5 μg of rhBMP2 + 1.5 mg of P24/PLGA/CS composite; group D: blank PLGA/CS material), and rat cranial bone defect models with a diameter of 5 mm were established. 26154695 10 93 theme optimal 1538:1544 arg1 concrescence 1546:1557 optimal concrescence 1538:1557 optimal concrescence 1538:1557 The PLGA/CS composite microspheres loaded with rhBMP2 and P24 had optimal concrescence and could mutually increase their osteogenesis capability. 26154695 9 94 theme tissues 1449:1455 arg1 number 1420:1425 a large number 1412:1425 a large number of fibrous connective tissues 1412:1455 Group D achieved the worst repair effect of cranial bone defects, where a large number of fibrous connective tissues were observed. 26154695 7 95 from points 1219:1224 arg1 better 1259:1264 better 1259:1264 better 1259:1264 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 7 95 from points 1219:1224 arg1 effects 1199:1205 the osteogenetic effects 1182:1205 the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C 1182:1252 Cranial histology, imaging, and repaired area measurements showed that the osteogenetic effects at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) in group C were better than those in groups A and B. 26154695 11 96 theme stable 1697:1702 arg1 activity 1704:1711 stable activity 1697:1711 stable activity 1697:1711 rhBMP2 + P24/PLGA/CS composite is a novel material for bone defect repair with stable activity to induce bone formation. 26154695 6 97 theme bone 1016:1019 arg1 defects 1021:1027 cranial bone defects 1008:1027 cranial bone defects 1008:1027 The repaired areas of cranial bone defects were measured, and the osteogenetic abilities of various materials were compared. 26154695 1 98 theme -related 253:260 arg1 P24 270:272 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 200:272 the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 200:272 The effects of the transplanted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) -related peptide P24 and rhBMP2 combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/chitosan (CS) microspheres were investigated in promoting the repair of rat cranial bone defect. 26180249 7 0 theme 12 1217:1218 arg1 wk 1220:1221 wk 1220:1221 wk 1220:1221 RESULTS There were no significant differences in mouse growth, intestinal weight, length, or gut permeability over the 12 wk feeding period. 26180249 4 1 theme soluble 706:712 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 1 theme soluble 706:712 arg1 dextrin 720:726 soluble fiber dextrin 706:726 soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk 706:836 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 8 2 theme dextrin-based 1248:1260 arg1 diets 1262:1266 dextrin-based diets 1248:1266 dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) 1248:1438 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 4 3 theme soluble 804:810 arg1 fiber 817:821 soluble corn fiber 804:821 soluble corn fiber (4%) 804:826 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 3 theme soluble 804:810 arg1 % 825:825 4% 824:825 4% 824:825 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 8 4 theme NRS-fed 1476:1482 arg1 mice 1484:1487 NRS-fed mice 1476:1487 NRS-fed mice 1476:1487 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 5 5 theme microbiota 932:941 arg1 composition 943:953 microbiota composition 932:953 microbiota composition 932:953 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 8 6 theme SFD-t 1340:1344 arg1 IL-23 1333:1337 IL-23 1333:1337 IL-23 (SFD-t diet) 1333:1350 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 6 theme SFD-t 1340:1344 arg1 diet 1346:1349 SFD-t diet 1340:1349 SFD-t diet 1340:1349 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 7 7 theme gut 1191:1193 arg1 permeability 1195:1206 gut permeability 1191:1206 gut permeability 1191:1206 RESULTS There were no significant differences in mouse growth, intestinal weight, length, or gut permeability over the 12 wk feeding period. 26180249 4 8 theme % 692:692 arg1 cellulose 694:702 2% cellulose 691:702 2% cellulose 691:702 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 10 9 theme lower 1663:1667 arg1 score 1687:1691 a lower enterocyte injury score 1661:1691 a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) 1661:1702 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 10 9 theme lower 1663:1667 arg1 < 1696:1696 P < 0.04 1694:1701 P < 0.04 1694:1701 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 4 10 with diet 588:591 arg1 cellulose 598:606 cellulose 598:606 cellulose 598:606 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 7 11 theme mouse 1147:1151 arg1 growth 1153:1158 mouse growth 1147:1158 mouse growth 1147:1158 RESULTS There were no significant differences in mouse growth, intestinal weight, length, or gut permeability over the 12 wk feeding period. 26180249 10 12 theme injury 1680:1685 arg1 score 1687:1691 a lower enterocyte injury score 1661:1691 a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) 1661:1702 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 10 12 theme injury 1680:1685 arg1 < 1696:1696 P < 0.04 1694:1701 P < 0.04 1694:1701 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 11 13 dep CONCLUSIONS 1879:1889 arg1 demonstrate 1905:1915 demonstrate 1905:1915 demonstrate that soluble prebiotic fibers selectively stimulate the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice. 1905:2030 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that soluble prebiotic fibers selectively stimulate the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 1 14 theme gut 200:202 arg1 microbiota 204:213 the gut microbiota 196:213 the gut microbiota 196:213 BACKGROUND Prebiotic fibers stimulate the growth and activity of the gut microbiota. 26180249 11 15 theme prebiotic 1930:1938 arg1 fibers 1940:1945 soluble prebiotic fibers 1922:1945 soluble prebiotic fibers 1922:1945 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that soluble prebiotic fibers selectively stimulate the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 10 16 theme control 1713:1719 arg1 mice 1721:1724 control mice 1713:1724 control mice 1713:1724 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 8 17 theme P 1526:1526 arg1 < 1528:1528 P < 0.05 1526:1533 P < 0.05 1526:1533 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 17 theme P 1526:1526 arg1 % 1503:1503 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 1498:1523 % 1503:1503 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 18 theme SFD-c 1417:1421 arg1 diet 1423:1426 SFD-c diet 1417:1426 SFD-c diet 1417:1426 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 18 theme SFD-c 1417:1421 arg1 p70 1374:1376 IL-12 heterodimer p70 1356:1376 IL-12 heterodimer p70 1356:1376 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 7 19 dep RESULTS 1098:1104 arg1 were 1112:1115 were 1112:1115 were no significant differences in mouse growth, intestinal weight, length, or gut permeability over the 12 wk feeding period 1112:1236 RESULTS There were no significant differences in mouse growth, intestinal weight, length, or gut permeability over the 12 wk feeding period. 26180249 12 20 theme cytokine 2134:2141 arg1 secretion 2143:2151 proinflammatory cytokine secretion 2118:2151 proinflammatory cytokine secretion 2118:2151 SFD-t induced the growth of butyrate-producing microbes and was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and enterocyte injury in this mouse model of colitis. 26180249 1 21 theme BACKGROUND 131:140 arg1 fibers 152:157 BACKGROUND Prebiotic fibers 131:157 BACKGROUND Prebiotic fibers 131:157 BACKGROUND Prebiotic fibers stimulate the growth and activity of the gut microbiota. 26180249 4 22 from corn 782:785 arg1 dextrin 769:775 soluble fiber dextrin 755:775 soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%) 755:798 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 22 from corn 782:785 arg1 % 751:751 4% 750:751 4% 750:751 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 22 from corn 782:785 arg1 fiber 817:821 soluble corn fiber 804:821 soluble corn fiber (4%) 804:826 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 22 from corn 782:785 arg1 tapioca 733:739 tapioca 733:739 tapioca (SFD-t) (4%) 733:752 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 22 from corn 782:785 arg1 SFD-t 742:746 SFD-t 742:746 SFD-t 742:746 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 22 from corn 782:785 arg1 % 825:825 4% 824:825 4% 824:825 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 6 23 theme component 1035:1043 arg1 analysis 1045:1052 principal component analysis 1025:1052 principal component analysis 1025:1052 ANOVA and principal component analysis were applied to assess the fibers' effects. 26180249 4 24 from tapioca 733:739 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 24 from tapioca 733:739 arg1 dextrin 720:726 soluble fiber dextrin 706:726 soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk 706:836 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 8 25 theme P 1430:1430 arg1 p70 1374:1376 IL-12 heterodimer p70 1356:1376 IL-12 heterodimer p70 1356:1376 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 25 theme P 1430:1430 arg1 < 1432:1432 P < 0.05 1430:1437 P < 0.05 1430:1437 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 4 26 from fiber 817:821 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 26 from fiber 817:821 arg1 dextrin 720:726 soluble fiber dextrin 706:726 soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk 706:836 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 11 27 theme gut 1997:1999 arg1 microbiota 2001:2010 a distinctive gut microbiota 1983:2010 a distinctive gut microbiota 1983:2010 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that soluble prebiotic fibers selectively stimulate the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 5 28 theme stool 994:998 arg1 injury 889:894 histologic injury 878:894 histologic injury 878:894 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 5 28 theme stool 994:998 arg1 composition 943:953 microbiota composition 932:953 microbiota composition 932:953 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 5 28 theme stool 994:998 arg1 Growth 839:844 Growth 839:844 Growth 839:844 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 5 28 theme stool 994:998 arg1 secretion 917:925 intestinal cytokine secretion 897:925 intestinal cytokine secretion 897:925 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 5 28 theme stool 994:998 arg1 permeability 864:875 small intestinal permeability 847:875 small intestinal permeability 847:875 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 0 29 theme Cytokine 82:89 arg1 Secretion 91:99 Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion 66:99 Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice 66:128 Soluble Dextrin Fibers Alter the Intestinal Microbiota and Reduce Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice. 26180249 5 30 theme intestinal 853:862 arg1 permeability 864:875 small intestinal permeability 847:875 small intestinal permeability 847:875 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 11 31 theme soluble 1922:1928 arg1 fibers 1940:1945 soluble prebiotic fibers 1922:1945 soluble prebiotic fibers 1922:1945 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that soluble prebiotic fibers selectively stimulate the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 4 32 theme new 654:656 arg1 NRS 676:678 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) 623:679 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose) 623:703 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 32 theme new 654:656 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 33 theme fiber 763:767 arg1 dextrin 769:775 soluble fiber dextrin 755:775 soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%) 755:798 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 9 34 theme Lactobacillaceae 1600:1615 arg1 abundance 1587:1595 a 70-75% lower abundance 1572:1595 a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae 1572:1615 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice had a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae than control mice. 26180249 4 35 theme starch 668:673 arg1 NRS 676:678 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) 623:679 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose) 623:703 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 35 theme starch 668:673 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 0 36 theme IL-10-Deficient 109:123 arg1 Mice 125:128 Male IL-10-Deficient Mice 104:128 Male IL-10-Deficient Mice 104:128 Soluble Dextrin Fibers Alter the Intestinal Microbiota and Reduce Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice. 26180249 4 37 theme male 507:510 arg1 -/- 518:520 -/- 518:520 -/- 518:520 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 37 theme male 507:510 arg1 IL-10 512:516 male IL-10 507:516 male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) 507:540 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 9 38 theme control 1622:1628 arg1 mice 1630:1633 control mice 1622:1633 control mice 1622:1633 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice had a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae than control mice. 26180249 3 39 theme fibers 407:412 arg1 effect 387:392 the effect 383:392 the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice 383:480 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 0 40 theme Soluble 0:6 arg1 Fibers 16:21 Soluble Dextrin Fibers 0:21 Soluble Dextrin Fibers 0:21 Soluble Dextrin Fibers Alter the Intestinal Microbiota and Reduce Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice. 26180249 5 41 theme intestinal 897:906 arg1 secretion 917:925 intestinal cytokine secretion 897:925 intestinal cytokine secretion 897:925 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 4 42 dep % 610:610 arg1 control 613:619 control 613:619 control 613:619 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 3 43 theme study 360:364 arg1 purpose 344:350 The purpose 340:350 The purpose of this study 340:364 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 10 44 theme butyrate 1779:1786 arg1 producers 1788:1796 butyrate producers 1779:1796 butyrate producers 1779:1796 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 4 45 theme corn-derived 623:634 arg1 NRS 676:678 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) 623:679 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose) 623:703 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 45 theme corn-derived 623:634 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 3 46 theme immune 447:452 arg1 function 454:461 immune function 447:461 immune function 447:461 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 8 47 theme % 1282:1282 arg1 IL-1β 1297:1301 47-88% less colonic IL-1β 1277:1301 47-88% less colonic IL-1β 1277:1301 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 4 48 theme % 683:683 arg1 NRS 685:687 2% NRS 682:687 2% NRS 682:687 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 49 from wk 496:497 arg1 dextrin 720:726 soluble fiber dextrin 706:726 soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk 706:836 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 49 from wk 496:497 arg1 NRS 676:678 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) 623:679 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose) 623:703 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 49 from wk 496:497 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 50 dep METHODS 483:489 arg1 assigned 556:563 assigned 556:563 were randomly assigned to 5 diets 542:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 50 dep METHODS 483:489 arg1 % 610:610 4% 609:610 4% 609:610 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 50 dep METHODS 483:489 arg1 diet 588:591 unpurified diet 577:591 unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control) 577:620 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 8 51 theme colonic 1289:1295 arg1 IL-1β 1297:1301 47-88% less colonic IL-1β 1277:1301 47-88% less colonic IL-1β 1277:1301 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 2 52 theme Interleukin 216:226 arg1 mice 254:257 Interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice 216:257 Interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice 216:257 Interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice develop a colitis that is influenced by the gut microbial composition. 26180249 3 53 from function 454:461 arg1 mice 477:480 IL-10(-/-) mice 466:480 IL-10(-/-) mice 466:480 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 5 54 theme 16S 958:960 arg1 pyrosequencing 976:989 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing 958:989 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing 958:989 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 7 55 theme wk 1220:1221 arg1 period 1231:1236 the 12 wk feeding period 1213:1236 the 12 wk feeding period 1213:1236 RESULTS There were no significant differences in mouse growth, intestinal weight, length, or gut permeability over the 12 wk feeding period. 26180249 10 56 theme SFD-t 1640:1644 arg1 group 1651:1655 The SFD-t diet group 1636:1655 The SFD-t diet group 1636:1655 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 8 57 theme necrosis 1310:1317 arg1 factor 1319:1324 tumor necrosis factor α 1304:1326 tumor necrosis factor α 1304:1326 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 12 58 theme proinflammatory 2118:2132 arg1 cytokine 2134:2141 proinflammatory cytokine 2118:2141 proinflammatory cytokine secretion 2118:2151 SFD-t induced the growth of butyrate-producing microbes and was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and enterocyte injury in this mouse model of colitis. 26180249 5 59 theme RNA 972:974 arg1 pyrosequencing 976:989 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing 958:989 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing 958:989 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 4 60 theme corn 812:815 arg1 fiber 817:821 soluble corn fiber 804:821 soluble corn fiber (4%) 804:826 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 60 theme corn 812:815 arg1 % 825:825 4% 824:825 4% 824:825 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 61 theme = 531:531 arg1 mice 523:526 male IL-10(-/-) mice 507:526 male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) 507:540 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 61 theme = 531:531 arg1 8/group 533:539 n = 8/group 529:539 n = 8/group 529:539 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 6 62 theme principal 1025:1033 arg1 analysis 1045:1052 principal component analysis 1025:1052 principal component analysis 1025:1052 ANOVA and principal component analysis were applied to assess the fibers' effects. 26180249 8 63 theme heterodimer 1362:1372 arg1 diet 1423:1426 SFD-c diet 1417:1426 SFD-c diet 1417:1426 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 63 theme heterodimer 1362:1372 arg1 p70 1374:1376 IL-12 heterodimer p70 1356:1376 IL-12 heterodimer p70 1356:1376 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 63 theme heterodimer 1362:1372 arg1 CXCL1 1409:1413 CXCL1 1409:1413 CXCL1 1409:1413 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 63 theme heterodimer 1362:1372 arg1 < 1432:1432 P < 0.05 1430:1437 P < 0.05 1430:1437 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 5 64 theme small 847:851 arg1 permeability 864:875 small intestinal permeability 847:875 small intestinal permeability 847:875 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 12 65 theme butyrate-producing 2060:2077 arg1 microbes 2079:2086 butyrate-producing microbes 2060:2086 butyrate-producing microbes 2060:2086 SFD-t induced the growth of butyrate-producing microbes and was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and enterocyte injury in this mouse model of colitis. 26180249 12 66 theme mouse 2183:2187 arg1 model 2189:2193 this mouse model 2178:2193 this mouse model of colitis 2178:2204 SFD-t induced the growth of butyrate-producing microbes and was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and enterocyte injury in this mouse model of colitis. 26180249 4 67 theme fiber 714:718 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 67 theme fiber 714:718 arg1 dextrin 720:726 soluble fiber dextrin 706:726 soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk 706:836 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 10 68 theme P 1694:1694 arg1 score 1687:1691 a lower enterocyte injury score 1661:1691 a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) 1661:1702 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 10 68 theme P 1694:1694 arg1 < 1696:1696 P < 0.04 1694:1701 P < 0.04 1694:1701 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 4 69 theme 2 691:691 arg1 % 692:692 % 692:692 % 692:692 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 7 70 theme intestinal 1161:1170 arg1 weight 1172:1177 intestinal weight 1161:1177 intestinal weight 1161:1177 RESULTS There were no significant differences in mouse growth, intestinal weight, length, or gut permeability over the 12 wk feeding period. 26180249 2 71 theme gut 303:305 arg1 composition 317:327 the gut microbial composition 299:327 the gut microbial composition 299:327 Interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice develop a colitis that is influenced by the gut microbial composition. 26180249 8 72 theme chemokine 1389:1397 arg1 ligand 1399:1404 chemokine ligand 1 1389:1406 chemokine ligand 1 1389:1406 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 4 73 dep NRS 676:678 arg1 cellulose 694:702 2% cellulose 691:702 2% cellulose 691:702 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 73 dep NRS 676:678 arg1 NRS 685:687 2% NRS 682:687 2% NRS 682:687 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 10 74 contain had 1657:1659 arg1 group 1651:1655 The SFD-t diet group 1636:1655 The SFD-t diet group 1636:1655 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 10 74 contain had 1657:1659 arg2 < 1696:1696 P < 0.04 1694:1701 P < 0.04 1694:1701 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 10 74 contain had 1657:1659 arg2 score 1687:1691 a lower enterocyte injury score 1661:1691 a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) 1661:1702 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 1 75 theme microbiota 204:213 arg1 activity 184:191 activity 184:191 activity 184:191 BACKGROUND Prebiotic fibers stimulate the growth and activity of the gut microbiota. 26180249 1 75 theme microbiota 204:213 arg1 growth 173:178 growth 173:178 growth 173:178 BACKGROUND Prebiotic fibers stimulate the growth and activity of the gut microbiota. 26180249 10 76 theme < 1869:1869 arg1 P 1867:1867 P < 0.001 1867:1875 P < 0.001 1867:1875 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 10 76 theme < 1869:1869 arg1 sedis 1818:1822 sedis 1818:1822 sedis 1818:1822 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 0 77 from Secretion 91:99 arg1 Mice 125:128 Male IL-10-Deficient Mice 104:128 Male IL-10-Deficient Mice 104:128 Soluble Dextrin Fibers Alter the Intestinal Microbiota and Reduce Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice. 26180249 7 78 theme significant 1120:1130 arg1 differences 1132:1142 no significant differences 1117:1142 no significant differences 1117:1142 RESULTS There were no significant differences in mouse growth, intestinal weight, length, or gut permeability over the 12 wk feeding period. 26180249 9 79 theme SFD-t- 1542:1547 arg1 mice 1563:1566 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice 1537:1566 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice 1537:1566 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice had a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae than control mice. 26180249 9 80 theme SFD-c-fed 1553:1561 arg1 mice 1563:1566 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice 1537:1566 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice 1537:1566 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice had a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae than control mice. 26180249 9 81 contain had 1568:1570 arg1 mice 1563:1566 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice 1537:1566 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice 1537:1566 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice had a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae than control mice. 26180249 9 81 contain had 1568:1570 arg2 abundance 1587:1595 a 70-75% lower abundance 1572:1595 a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae 1572:1615 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice had a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae than control mice. 26180249 1 82 theme Prebiotic 142:150 arg1 fibers 152:157 BACKGROUND Prebiotic fibers 131:157 BACKGROUND Prebiotic fibers 131:157 BACKGROUND Prebiotic fibers stimulate the growth and activity of the gut microbiota. 26180249 11 83 theme microbiota 2001:2010 arg1 growth 1973:1978 the growth 1969:1978 the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice 1969:2029 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that soluble prebiotic fibers selectively stimulate the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 0 84 theme Proinflammatory 66:80 arg1 Secretion 91:99 Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion 66:99 Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice 66:128 Soluble Dextrin Fibers Alter the Intestinal Microbiota and Reduce Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice. 26180249 12 85 theme microbes 2079:2086 arg1 growth 2050:2055 the growth 2046:2055 the growth of butyrate-producing microbes 2046:2086 SFD-t induced the growth of butyrate-producing microbes and was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and enterocyte injury in this mouse model of colitis. 26180249 11 86 theme distinctive 1985:1995 arg1 microbiota 2001:2010 a distinctive gut microbiota 1983:2010 a distinctive gut microbiota 1983:2010 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that soluble prebiotic fibers selectively stimulate the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 4 87 theme unpurified 577:586 arg1 % 610:610 4% 609:610 4% 609:610 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 87 theme unpurified 577:586 arg1 diet 588:591 unpurified diet 577:591 unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control) 577:620 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 3 88 from effect 387:392 arg1 microbiota 432:441 intestinal microbiota 421:441 intestinal microbiota 421:441 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 3 88 from effect 387:392 arg1 function 454:461 immune function 447:461 immune function 447:461 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 8 89 dep % 1503:1503 arg1 IL-6 1510:1513 IL-6 1510:1513 IL-6 1510:1513 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 11 90 theme IL-10 2015:2019 arg1 mice 2026:2029 IL-10(-/-) mice 2015:2029 IL-10(-/-) mice 2015:2029 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that soluble prebiotic fibers selectively stimulate the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 9 91 theme lower 1581:1585 arg1 abundance 1587:1595 a 70-75% lower abundance 1572:1595 a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae 1572:1615 Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice had a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae than control mice. 26180249 0 92 theme Male 104:107 arg1 Mice 125:128 Male IL-10-Deficient Mice 104:128 Male IL-10-Deficient Mice 104:128 Soluble Dextrin Fibers Alter the Intestinal Microbiota and Reduce Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice. 26180249 10 93 theme increased 1756:1764 arg1 abundance 1766:1774 increased abundance 1756:1774 increased abundance 1756:1774 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 4 94 theme hydroxypropylated 636:652 arg1 NRS 676:678 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) 623:679 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose) 623:703 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 94 theme hydroxypropylated 636:652 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 2 95 theme microbial 307:315 arg1 composition 317:327 the gut microbial composition 299:327 the gut microbial composition 299:327 Interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice develop a colitis that is influenced by the gut microbial composition. 26180249 4 96 theme soluble 755:761 arg1 dextrin 769:775 soluble fiber dextrin 755:775 soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%) 755:798 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 97 theme resistant 658:666 arg1 NRS 676:678 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) 623:679 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose) 623:703 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 97 theme resistant 658:666 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 3 98 theme intestinal 421:430 arg1 microbiota 432:441 intestinal microbiota 421:441 intestinal microbiota 421:441 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 0 99 theme Dextrin 8:14 arg1 Fibers 16:21 Soluble Dextrin Fibers 0:21 Soluble Dextrin Fibers 0:21 Soluble Dextrin Fibers Alter the Intestinal Microbiota and Reduce Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice. 26180249 8 100 theme control 1453:1459 arg1 group 1461:1465 the control group 1449:1465 the control group 1449:1465 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 10 101 theme producers 1788:1796 arg1 abundance 1766:1774 increased abundance 1756:1774 increased abundance 1756:1774 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 5 102 theme cytokine 908:915 arg1 secretion 917:925 intestinal cytokine secretion 897:925 intestinal cytokine secretion 897:925 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 12 103 theme enterocyte 2157:2166 arg1 injury 2168:2173 enterocyte injury 2157:2173 enterocyte injury 2157:2173 SFD-t induced the growth of butyrate-producing microbes and was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and enterocyte injury in this mouse model of colitis. 26180249 10 104 dep did 1709:1711 arg1 than 1704:1707 than 1704:1707 than 1704:1707 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 4 105 theme IL-10 512:516 arg1 mice 523:526 male IL-10(-/-) mice 507:526 male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) 507:540 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 105 theme IL-10 512:516 arg1 8/group 533:539 n = 8/group 529:539 n = 8/group 529:539 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 11 106 from growth 1973:1978 arg1 mice 2026:2029 IL-10(-/-) mice 2015:2029 IL-10(-/-) mice 2015:2029 CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that soluble prebiotic fibers selectively stimulate the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 0 107 theme Intestinal 33:42 arg1 Microbiota 44:53 the Intestinal Microbiota 29:53 the Intestinal Microbiota 29:53 Soluble Dextrin Fibers Alter the Intestinal Microbiota and Reduce Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice. 26180249 3 108 theme prebiotic 397:405 arg1 fibers 407:412 prebiotic fibers 397:412 prebiotic fibers 397:412 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 3 109 dep OBJECTIVE 330:338 arg1 was 366:368 was 366:368 was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice 366:480 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 8 110 dep fed 1244:1246 arg1 whereas 1468:1474 whereas 1468:1474 whereas 1468:1474 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 3 111 from microbiota 432:441 arg1 mice 477:480 IL-10(-/-) mice 466:480 IL-10(-/-) mice 466:480 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 5 112 theme histologic 878:887 arg1 injury 889:894 histologic injury 878:894 histologic injury 878:894 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 8 113 theme tumor 1304:1308 arg1 factor 1319:1324 tumor necrosis factor α 1304:1326 tumor necrosis factor α 1304:1326 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 2 114 theme 10-deficient 228:239 arg1 Interleukin 216:226 Interleukin 10-deficient 216:239 Interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice 216:257 Interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice develop a colitis that is influenced by the gut microbial composition. 26180249 2 114 theme 10-deficient 228:239 arg1 IL-10 242:246 IL-10 242:246 IL-10(-/-) 242:251 Interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice develop a colitis that is influenced by the gut microbial composition. 26180249 3 115 dep microbiota 432:441 arg1 the 417:419 the 417:419 the 417:419 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 10 116 theme diet 1646:1649 arg1 group 1651:1655 The SFD-t diet group 1636:1655 The SFD-t diet group 1636:1655 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 4 117 theme n 529:529 arg1 mice 523:526 male IL-10(-/-) mice 507:526 male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) 507:540 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 117 theme n 529:529 arg1 8/group 533:539 n = 8/group 529:539 n = 8/group 529:539 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 12 118 theme colitis 2198:2204 arg1 model 2189:2193 this mouse model 2178:2193 this mouse model of colitis 2178:2204 SFD-t induced the growth of butyrate-producing microbes and was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and enterocyte injury in this mouse model of colitis. 26180249 3 119 theme IL-10 466:470 arg1 mice 477:480 IL-10(-/-) mice 466:480 IL-10(-/-) mice 466:480 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice. 26180249 8 120 theme IL-12 1356:1360 arg1 diet 1423:1426 SFD-c diet 1417:1426 SFD-c diet 1417:1426 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 120 theme IL-12 1356:1360 arg1 p70 1374:1376 IL-12 heterodimer p70 1356:1376 IL-12 heterodimer p70 1356:1376 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 120 theme IL-12 1356:1360 arg1 CXCL1 1409:1413 CXCL1 1409:1413 CXCL1 1409:1413 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 8 120 theme IL-12 1356:1360 arg1 < 1432:1432 P < 0.05 1430:1437 P < 0.05 1430:1437 Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). 26180249 5 121 theme ribosomal 962:970 arg1 pyrosequencing 976:989 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing 958:989 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing 958:989 Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. 26180249 7 122 theme feeding 1223:1229 arg1 period 1231:1236 the 12 wk feeding period 1213:1236 the 12 wk feeding period 1213:1236 RESULTS There were no significant differences in mouse growth, intestinal weight, length, or gut permeability over the 12 wk feeding period. 26180249 10 123 theme enterocyte 1669:1678 arg1 score 1687:1691 a lower enterocyte injury score 1661:1691 a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) 1661:1702 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 10 123 theme enterocyte 1669:1678 arg1 < 1696:1696 P < 0.04 1694:1701 P < 0.04 1694:1701 The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001). 26180249 4 124 link corn-derived 623:634 arg1 NRS 676:678 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) 623:679 corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose) 623:703 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 124 link corn-derived 623:634 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 125 from dextrin 769:775 arg1 METHODS 483:489 METHODS 483:489 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets 483:574 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 26180249 4 125 from dextrin 769:775 arg1 dextrin 720:726 soluble fiber dextrin 706:726 soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk 706:836 METHODS At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. 29192904 7 0 theme 454 1235:1237 arg1 sequencing 1239:1248 454 sequencing 1235:1248 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing 1133:1248 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 0 1 theme Specific 0:7 arg1 changes 26:32 Specific substrate-driven changes 0:32 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition 0:71 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 9 2 from differences 1554:1564 arg1 composition 1580:1590 microbiota composition 1569:1590 microbiota composition 1569:1590 Despite marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition, SCFA production was surprisingly reproducible for different carbohydrates, indicating a level of functional redundancy. 29192904 3 3 theme batch 585:589 arg1 incubations 591:601 in vitro batch incubations 576:601 in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates 576:646 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 1 4 theme upper 210:214 arg1 gut 216:218 the upper gut 206:218 the upper gut 206:218 The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. 29192904 10 5 with consistent 1861:1870 arg1 shift 1892:1896 a pH-dependent shift 1877:1896 a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production 1877:1940 Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production. 29192904 1 6 from community 278:286 arg1 intestine 301:309 the lower intestine 291:309 the lower intestine 291:309 The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. 29192904 3 7 theme in 576:577 arg1 incubations 591:601 in vitro batch incubations 576:601 in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates 576:646 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 3 8 theme different 609:617 arg1 carbohydrates 634:646 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates 606:646 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates 606:646 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 5 9 theme lower 871:875 arg1 pH 877:878 The lower pH (5.5) 867:884 The lower pH (5.5) 867:884 The lower pH (5.5) led to higher butyrate and the higher pH (6.5) to more propionate production. 29192904 3 10 from donors 724:729 arg1 microbiota 686:695 faecal microbiota 679:695 faecal microbiota from three different human donors 679:729 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 10 11 theme consistent 1861:1870 arg1 pH 1857:1858 the initial pH 1845:1858 the initial pH 1845:1858 Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production. 29192904 1 12 from gut 216:218 arg1 non-digestible 188:201 non-digestible 188:201 non-digestible 188:201 The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. 29192904 9 13 theme marked 1530:1535 arg1 differences 1554:1564 marked inter-individual differences 1530:1564 marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition 1530:1590 Despite marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition, SCFA production was surprisingly reproducible for different carbohydrates, indicating a level of functional redundancy. 29192904 4 14 theme temporal 747:754 arg1 stability 756:764 temporal stability 747:764 temporal stability 747:764 To investigate temporal stability and reproducibility, a further experiment was performed 1 year later with four of the carbohydrates. 29192904 5 15 theme higher 917:922 arg1 pH 924:925 the higher pH 913:925 the higher pH (6.5) 913:931 The lower pH (5.5) led to higher butyrate and the higher pH (6.5) to more propionate production. 29192904 1 16 theme metabolic 333:341 arg1 network 343:349 a complex metabolic network 323:349 a complex metabolic network 323:349 The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. 29192904 3 17 theme carbohydrates 634:646 arg1 incubations 591:601 in vitro batch incubations 576:601 in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates 576:646 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 1 18 from non-digestible 188:201 arg1 gut 216:218 the upper gut 206:218 the upper gut 206:218 The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. 29192904 3 19 dep in 576:577 arg1 vitro 579:583 vitro 579:583 vitro 579:583 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 0 20 from changes 26:32 arg1 composition 61:71 human faecal microbiota composition 37:71 human faecal microbiota composition 37:71 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 0 21 theme functional 87:96 arg1 redundancy 98:107 functional redundancy 87:107 functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production 87:144 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 6 22 theme propionigenic 978:990 arg1 effect 992:997 The strongest propionigenic effect 964:997 The strongest propionigenic effect 964:997 The strongest propionigenic effect was found with rhamnose, followed by galactomannans, whereas fructans and several α- and β-glucans led to higher butyrate production. 29192904 4 23 theme further 789:795 arg1 experiment 797:806 a further experiment 787:806 a further experiment 787:806 To investigate temporal stability and reproducibility, a further experiment was performed 1 year later with four of the carbohydrates. 29192904 7 24 theme different 1194:1202 arg1 groups 1214:1219 22 different microbial groups 1191:1219 22 different microbial groups 1191:1219 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 5 25 theme propionate 941:950 arg1 production 952:961 more propionate production 936:961 more propionate production 936:961 The lower pH (5.5) led to higher butyrate and the higher pH (6.5) to more propionate production. 29192904 8 26 theme metabolite 1375:1384 arg1 cross-feeding 1386:1398 metabolite cross-feeding 1375:1398 metabolite cross-feeding 1375:1398 Some changes were ascribed to metabolite cross-feeding, for example, utilisation by Eubacterium hallii of 1,2-propanediol produced from fermentation of rhamnose by Blautia spp. 29192904 0 27 theme fatty 124:128 arg1 acid 130:133 short-chain fatty acid 112:133 short-chain fatty acid production 112:144 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 0 28 theme faecal 43:48 arg1 composition 61:71 human faecal microbiota composition 37:71 human faecal microbiota composition 37:71 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 7 29 theme PCR 1175:1177 arg1 analysis 1179:1186 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis 1133:1186 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing 1133:1248 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 2 30 theme short-chain 378:388 arg1 SCFAs 403:407 SCFAs 403:407 SCFAs 403:407 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 30 theme short-chain 378:388 arg1 acids 396:400 the short-chain fatty acids 374:400 the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate 374:441 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 30 theme short-chain 378:388 arg1 propionate 419:428 propionate 419:428 propionate 419:428 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 30 theme short-chain 378:388 arg1 butyrate 434:441 butyrate 434:441 butyrate 434:441 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 30 theme short-chain 378:388 arg1 acetate 410:416 acetate 410:416 acetate 410:416 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 31 contain have 450:453 arg1 SCFAs 403:407 SCFAs 403:407 SCFAs 403:407 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 31 contain have 450:453 arg1 butyrate 434:441 butyrate 434:441 butyrate 434:441 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 31 contain have 450:453 arg2 effects 472:478 health-promoting effects 455:478 health-promoting effects 455:478 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 31 contain have 450:453 arg1 acetate 410:416 acetate 410:416 acetate 410:416 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 31 contain have 450:453 arg1 propionate 419:428 propionate 419:428 propionate 419:428 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 31 contain have 450:453 arg1 acids 396:400 the short-chain fatty acids 374:400 the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate 374:441 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 7 32 theme gene-based 1151:1160 arg1 analysis 1179:1186 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis 1133:1186 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing 1133:1248 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 1 33 theme lower 295:299 arg1 intestine 301:309 the lower intestine 291:309 the lower intestine 291:309 The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. 29192904 7 34 theme particular 1319:1328 arg1 carbohydrates 1330:1342 particular carbohydrates 1319:1342 particular carbohydrates 1319:1342 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 7 35 dep together 1221:1228 arg1 with 1230:1233 with 1230:1233 with 1230:1233 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 10 36 theme production 1931:1940 arg1 stoichiometry 1905:1917 the stoichiometry 1901:1917 the stoichiometry of butyrate production 1901:1940 Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production. 29192904 7 37 theme ribosomal 1137:1145 arg1 RNA 1147:1149 16S ribosomal RNA 1133:1149 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing 1133:1248 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 0 38 theme human 37:41 arg1 composition 61:71 human faecal microbiota composition 37:71 human faecal microbiota composition 37:71 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 3 39 theme initial 656:662 arg1 values 667:672 two initial pH values 652:672 two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors 652:729 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 0 40 theme microbiota 50:59 arg1 composition 61:71 human faecal microbiota composition 37:71 human faecal microbiota composition 37:71 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 7 41 theme bacteria 1295:1302 arg1 stimulation 1271:1281 significant stimulation 1259:1281 significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates 1259:1342 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 10 42 from bacteria 1807:1814 arg1 community 1823:1831 the community 1819:1831 the community 1819:1831 Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production. 29192904 9 43 theme functional 1690:1699 arg1 redundancy 1701:1710 functional redundancy 1690:1710 functional redundancy 1690:1710 Despite marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition, SCFA production was surprisingly reproducible for different carbohydrates, indicating a level of functional redundancy. 29192904 9 44 theme microbiota 1569:1578 arg1 composition 1580:1590 microbiota composition 1569:1590 microbiota composition 1569:1590 Despite marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition, SCFA production was surprisingly reproducible for different carbohydrates, indicating a level of functional redundancy. 29192904 3 45 theme faecal 679:684 arg1 microbiota 686:695 faecal microbiota 679:695 faecal microbiota from three different human donors 679:729 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 3 46 theme microbial 521:529 arg1 changes 541:547 microbial community changes 521:547 microbial community changes 521:547 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 1 47 theme energy 245:250 arg1 sources 252:258 major carbon and energy sources 228:258 sources 252:258 The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. 29192904 7 48 theme significant 1259:1269 arg1 stimulation 1271:1281 significant stimulation 1259:1281 significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates 1259:1342 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 6 49 theme several 1073:1079 arg1 α- 1081:1082 several α- 1073:1082 several α- 1073:1082 The strongest propionigenic effect was found with rhamnose, followed by galactomannans, whereas fructans and several α- and β-glucans led to higher butyrate production. 29192904 3 50 theme different 708:716 arg1 donors 724:729 three different human donors 702:729 three different human donors 702:729 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 3 51 theme SCFA 553:556 arg1 production 558:567 SCFA production 553:567 SCFA production 553:567 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 1 52 theme microbial 268:276 arg1 community 278:286 the microbial community 264:286 the microbial community in the lower intestine 264:309 The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. 29192904 6 53 theme butyrate 1112:1119 arg1 production 1121:1130 higher butyrate production 1105:1130 higher butyrate production 1105:1130 The strongest propionigenic effect was found with rhamnose, followed by galactomannans, whereas fructans and several α- and β-glucans led to higher butyrate production. 29192904 0 54 with contrast 73:80 arg1 redundancy 98:107 functional redundancy 87:107 functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production 87:144 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 4 55 theme carbohydrates 852:864 arg1 four 840:843 four 840:843 four 840:843 To investigate temporal stability and reproducibility, a further experiment was performed 1 year later with four of the carbohydrates. 29192904 4 55 theme carbohydrates 852:864 arg1 carbohydrates 852:864 the carbohydrates 848:864 the carbohydrates 848:864 To investigate temporal stability and reproducibility, a further experiment was performed 1 year later with four of the carbohydrates. 29192904 7 56 from stimulation 1271:1281 arg1 response 1307:1314 response 1307:1314 response to particular carbohydrates 1307:1342 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 7 57 theme groups 1214:1219 arg1 analysis 1179:1186 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis 1133:1186 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing 1133:1248 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 10 58 theme initial 1849:1855 arg1 pH 1857:1858 the initial pH 1845:1858 the initial pH 1845:1858 Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production. 29192904 0 59 from redundancy 98:107 arg1 production 135:144 short-chain fatty acid production 112:144 short-chain fatty acid production 112:144 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 6 60 theme higher 1105:1110 arg1 production 1121:1130 higher butyrate production 1105:1130 higher butyrate production 1105:1130 The strongest propionigenic effect was found with rhamnose, followed by galactomannans, whereas fructans and several α- and β-glucans led to higher butyrate production. 29192904 10 61 theme pH-dependent 1879:1890 arg1 shift 1892:1896 a pH-dependent shift 1877:1896 a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production 1877:1940 Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production. 29192904 3 62 with values 667:672 arg1 microbiota 686:695 faecal microbiota 679:695 faecal microbiota from three different human donors 679:729 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 8 63 theme rhamnose 1497:1504 arg1 fermentation 1481:1492 fermentation 1481:1492 fermentation of rhamnose 1481:1504 Some changes were ascribed to metabolite cross-feeding, for example, utilisation by Eubacterium hallii of 1,2-propanediol produced from fermentation of rhamnose by Blautia spp. 29192904 8 64 theme Blautia 1509:1515 arg1 spp 1517:1519 Blautia spp 1509:1519 Blautia spp 1509:1519 Some changes were ascribed to metabolite cross-feeding, for example, utilisation by Eubacterium hallii of 1,2-propanediol produced from fermentation of rhamnose by Blautia spp. 29192904 9 65 theme inter-individual 1537:1552 arg1 differences 1554:1564 marked inter-individual differences 1530:1564 marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition 1530:1590 Despite marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition, SCFA production was surprisingly reproducible for different carbohydrates, indicating a level of functional redundancy. 29192904 3 66 theme non-digestible 619:632 arg1 carbohydrates 634:646 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates 606:646 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates 606:646 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 7 67 theme microbial 1204:1212 arg1 groups 1214:1219 22 different microbial groups 1191:1219 22 different microbial groups 1191:1219 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 5 68 theme higher 893:898 arg1 butyrate 900:907 higher butyrate 893:907 higher butyrate 893:907 The lower pH (5.5) led to higher butyrate and the higher pH (6.5) to more propionate production. 29192904 2 69 theme human 488:492 arg1 host 494:497 the human host 484:497 the human host 484:497 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 0 70 theme short-chain 112:122 arg1 acid 130:133 short-chain fatty acid 112:133 short-chain fatty acid production 112:144 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 9 71 theme SCFA 1593:1596 arg1 production 1598:1607 SCFA production 1593:1607 SCFA production 1593:1607 Despite marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition, SCFA production was surprisingly reproducible for different carbohydrates, indicating a level of functional redundancy. 29192904 6 72 theme strongest 968:976 arg1 effect 992:997 The strongest propionigenic effect 964:997 The strongest propionigenic effect 964:997 The strongest propionigenic effect was found with rhamnose, followed by galactomannans, whereas fructans and several α- and β-glucans led to higher butyrate production. 29192904 6 73 dep found 1003:1007 arg1 followed 1024:1031 followed 1024:1031 followed by galactomannans 1024:1049 The strongest propionigenic effect was found with rhamnose, followed by galactomannans, whereas fructans and several α- and β-glucans led to higher butyrate production. 29192904 0 74 theme acid 130:133 arg1 production 135:144 short-chain fatty acid production 112:144 short-chain fatty acid production 112:144 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 10 75 theme butyrate 1728:1735 arg1 formation 1737:1745 butyrate formation 1728:1745 butyrate formation 1728:1745 Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production. 29192904 0 76 theme substrate-driven 9:24 arg1 changes 26:32 Specific substrate-driven changes 0:32 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition 0:71 Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. 29192904 7 77 theme RNA 1147:1149 arg1 analysis 1179:1186 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis 1133:1186 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing 1133:1248 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 9 78 theme different 1643:1651 arg1 carbohydrates 1653:1665 different carbohydrates 1643:1665 different carbohydrates 1643:1665 Despite marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition, SCFA production was surprisingly reproducible for different carbohydrates, indicating a level of functional redundancy. 29192904 10 79 from shift 1892:1896 arg1 stoichiometry 1905:1917 the stoichiometry 1901:1917 the stoichiometry of butyrate production 1901:1940 Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production. 29192904 3 80 theme pH 664:665 arg1 values 667:672 two initial pH values 652:672 two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors 652:729 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 2 81 theme fatty 390:394 arg1 SCFAs 403:407 SCFAs 403:407 SCFAs 403:407 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 81 theme fatty 390:394 arg1 acids 396:400 the short-chain fatty acids 374:400 the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate 374:441 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 81 theme fatty 390:394 arg1 propionate 419:428 propionate 419:428 propionate 419:428 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 81 theme fatty 390:394 arg1 butyrate 434:441 butyrate 434:441 butyrate 434:441 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 81 theme fatty 390:394 arg1 acetate 410:416 acetate 410:416 acetate 410:416 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 7 82 theme 16S 1133:1135 arg1 RNA 1147:1149 16S ribosomal RNA 1133:1149 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing 1133:1248 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 10 83 theme butyrate 1922:1929 arg1 production 1931:1940 butyrate production 1922:1940 butyrate production 1922:1940 Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production. 29192904 7 84 theme specific 1286:1293 arg1 bacteria 1295:1302 specific bacteria 1286:1302 specific bacteria 1286:1302 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 29192904 2 85 theme health-promoting 455:470 arg1 effects 472:478 health-promoting effects 455:478 health-promoting effects 455:478 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 10 86 theme overall 1778:1784 arg1 % 1786:1786 the overall % 1774:1786 the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community 1774:1831 Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production. 29192904 1 87 theme complex 325:331 arg1 network 343:349 a complex metabolic network 323:349 a complex metabolic network 323:349 The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. 29192904 2 88 dep acids 396:400 arg1 butyrate 434:441 butyrate 434:441 butyrate 434:441 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 88 dep acids 396:400 arg1 propionate 419:428 propionate 419:428 propionate 419:428 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 88 dep acids 396:400 arg1 acids 396:400 the short-chain fatty acids 374:400 the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate 374:441 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 2 88 dep acids 396:400 arg1 acetate 410:416 acetate 410:416 acetate 410:416 Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. 29192904 3 89 theme community 531:539 arg1 changes 541:547 microbial community changes 521:547 microbial community changes 521:547 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 1 90 theme major 228:232 arg1 carbon 234:239 major carbon and energy sources 228:258 carbon 234:239 The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. 29192904 9 91 theme redundancy 1701:1710 arg1 level 1681:1685 a level 1679:1685 a level of functional redundancy 1679:1710 Despite marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition, SCFA production was surprisingly reproducible for different carbohydrates, indicating a level of functional redundancy. 29192904 3 92 theme human 718:722 arg1 donors 724:729 three different human donors 702:729 three different human donors 702:729 Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. 29192904 8 93 theme 1,2-propanediol 1451:1465 arg1 utilisation 1414:1424 utilisation 1414:1424 utilisation by Eubacterium hallii of 1,2-propanediol produced from fermentation of rhamnose by Blautia spp 1414:1519 Some changes were ascribed to metabolite cross-feeding, for example, utilisation by Eubacterium hallii of 1,2-propanediol produced from fermentation of rhamnose by Blautia spp. 29192904 8 93 theme 1,2-propanediol 1451:1465 arg1 example 1405:1411 example 1405:1411 example 1405:1411 Some changes were ascribed to metabolite cross-feeding, for example, utilisation by Eubacterium hallii of 1,2-propanediol produced from fermentation of rhamnose by Blautia spp. 29192904 7 94 theme quantitative 1162:1173 arg1 analysis 1179:1186 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis 1133:1186 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing 1133:1248 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. 28533262 12 0 theme obesity-induced 1872:1886 arg1 damage 1895:1900 obesity-induced muscle damage 1872:1900 obesity-induced muscle damage 1872:1900 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 4 1 theme serial 637:642 arg1 points 730:735 serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points 637:735 serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points 637:735 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 2 2 theme oxidative 250:258 arg1 capacity 260:267 its high oxidative capacity 241:267 its high oxidative capacity 241:267 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles are compromised with obesity, but due to its high oxidative capacity, the soleus muscle may be protected against obesity-induced muscle damage. 28533262 12 3 theme beneficial 1837:1846 arg1 strategy 1848:1855 a beneficial strategy 1835:1855 a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences 1835:1922 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 12 3 theme beneficial 1837:1846 arg1 capacity 1785:1792 Increasing oxidative capacity 1764:1792 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise 1764:1826 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 7 4 theme mRNA 951:954 arg1 levels 956:961 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels 928:961 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles 928:980 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 6 5 theme body 837:840 arg1 composition 842:852 body composition 837:852 body composition 837:852 At sacrifice, animals were weighed, body composition was calculated (DXA), and soleus muscles were harvested and flash-frozen. 28533262 10 6 theme time 1621:1624 arg1 points 1626:1631 all time points 1617:1631 all time points evaluated 1617:1641 However, intramuscular fat, fibrosis, and CD68+ cell number were similar to their respective control group at all time points evaluated. 28533262 8 7 theme body 1316:1319 arg1 fat 1321:1323 body fat 1316:1323 body fat 1316:1323 HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. 28533262 1 8 theme musculoskeletal 117:131 arg1 tissues 133:139 different musculoskeletal tissues 107:139 different musculoskeletal tissues 107:139 The effects of obesity on different musculoskeletal tissues are not well understood. 28533262 7 9 theme cell 1097:1100 arg1 number 1102:1107 CD68+ cell number 1091:1107 CD68+ cell number 1091:1107 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 8 10 from weeks 1350:1354 arg1 diet 1367:1370 the HFS diet 1359:1370 the HFS diet 1359:1370 HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. 28533262 10 11 from points 1626:1631 arg1 group 1608:1612 their respective control group 1583:1612 their respective control group at all time points evaluated 1583:1641 However, intramuscular fat, fibrosis, and CD68+ cell number were similar to their respective control group at all time points evaluated. 28533262 0 12 theme high-sucrose 62:73 arg1 diet 75:78 high-fat high-sucrose diet 53:78 high-fat high-sucrose diet 53:78 Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. 28533262 9 13 theme time-point 1384:1393 arg1 muscles 1402:1408 Short-term time-point soleus muscles 1373:1408 Short-term time-point soleus muscles 1373:1408 Short-term time-point soleus muscles demonstrated up-regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules. 28533262 4 14 theme long-term 694:702 arg1 points 730:735 serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points 637:735 serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points 637:735 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 12 15 theme muscles 1797:1803 arg1 strategy 1848:1855 a beneficial strategy 1835:1855 a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences 1835:1922 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 12 15 theme muscles 1797:1803 arg1 capacity 1785:1792 Increasing oxidative capacity 1764:1792 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise 1764:1826 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 7 16 theme intramuscular 1058:1070 arg1 fat 1072:1074 intramuscular fat 1058:1074 intramuscular fat 1058:1074 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 0 17 theme rat 29:31 arg1 muscle 40:45 rat soleus muscle 29:45 rat soleus muscle 29:45 Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. 28533262 9 18 theme up-regulated 1423:1434 arg1 levels 1441:1446 up-regulated mRNA levels 1423:1446 up-regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules 1423:1504 Short-term time-point soleus muscles demonstrated up-regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules. 28533262 7 19 theme protein 1207:1213 arg1 analysis 1215:1222 myosin heavy chain protein analysis 1188:1222 myosin heavy chain protein analysis 1188:1222 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 0 20 theme high-fat 53:60 arg1 diet 75:78 high-fat high-sucrose diet 53:78 high-fat high-sucrose diet 53:78 Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. 28533262 8 21 theme significant 1250:1260 arg1 increases 1262:1270 significant increases 1250:1270 significant increases in body fat 1250:1282 HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. 28533262 0 22 theme Acute 0:4 arg1 changes 18:24 Acute and chronic changes 0:24 Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. 0:79 Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. 28533262 12 23 theme Increasing 1764:1773 arg1 strategy 1848:1855 a beneficial strategy 1835:1855 a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences 1835:1922 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 12 23 theme Increasing 1764:1773 arg1 capacity 1785:1792 Increasing oxidative capacity 1764:1792 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise 1764:1826 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 7 24 theme heavy 1195:1199 arg1 chain 1201:1205 myosin heavy chain 1188:1205 myosin heavy chain protein analysis 1188:1222 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 0 25 theme chronic 10:16 arg1 changes 18:24 Acute and chronic changes 0:24 Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. 0:79 Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. 28533262 7 26 theme fibrosis 1045:1052 arg1 assessment 1024:1033 RT-qPCR Histological assessment 1003:1033 RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis 1003:1052 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 4 27 theme time 725:728 arg1 points 730:735 serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points 637:735 serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points 637:735 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 3 28 theme soleus 448:453 arg1 integrity 462:470 soleus muscle integrity 448:470 soleus muscle integrity 448:470 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 7 29 theme Histological 1011:1022 arg1 assessment 1024:1033 RT-qPCR Histological assessment 1003:1033 RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis 1003:1052 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 2 30 theme muscle 329:334 arg1 damage 336:341 obesity-induced muscle damage 313:341 obesity-induced muscle damage 313:341 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles are compromised with obesity, but due to its high oxidative capacity, the soleus muscle may be protected against obesity-induced muscle damage. 28533262 0 31 theme soleus 33:38 arg1 muscle 40:45 rat soleus muscle 29:45 rat soleus muscle 29:45 Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. 28533262 0 32 from changes 18:24 arg1 muscle 40:45 rat soleus muscle 29:45 rat soleus muscle 29:45 Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. 28533262 7 33 theme fiber 1156:1160 arg1 typing 1162:1167 fiber typing 1156:1167 fiber typing 1156:1167 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 10 34 theme cell 1555:1558 arg1 number 1560:1565 CD68+ cell number 1549:1565 CD68+ cell number 1549:1565 However, intramuscular fat, fibrosis, and CD68+ cell number were similar to their respective control group at all time points evaluated. 28533262 10 35 theme control 1600:1606 arg1 group 1608:1612 their respective control group 1583:1612 their respective control group at all time points evaluated 1583:1641 However, intramuscular fat, fibrosis, and CD68+ cell number were similar to their respective control group at all time points evaluated. 28533262 4 36 dep short-term 644:653 arg1 weeks 718:722 28 weeks 715:722 28 weeks 715:722 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 4 36 dep short-term 644:653 arg1 weeks 674:678 2 weeks 672:678 2 weeks 672:678 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 4 36 dep short-term 644:653 arg1 days 658:661 3 days 656:661 3 days 656:661 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 4 36 dep short-term 644:653 arg1 weeks 683:687 4 weeks 681:687 4 weeks 681:687 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 4 36 dep short-term 644:653 arg1 weeks 708:712 12 weeks 705:712 12 weeks 705:712 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 4 36 dep short-term 644:653 arg1 week 666:669 1 week 664:669 1 week 664:669 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 2 37 theme quadriceps 181:190 arg1 muscles 192:198 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles 166:198 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles 166:198 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles are compromised with obesity, but due to its high oxidative capacity, the soleus muscle may be protected against obesity-induced muscle damage. 28533262 10 38 theme respective 1589:1598 arg1 group 1608:1612 their respective control group 1583:1612 their respective control group at all time points evaluated 1583:1641 However, intramuscular fat, fibrosis, and CD68+ cell number were similar to their respective control group at all time points evaluated. 28533262 11 39 theme diet-induced 1718:1729 arg1 alterations 1731:1741 diet-induced alterations 1718:1741 diet-induced alterations to muscle integrity 1718:1761 Therefore, the oxidative capacity of the soleus may be protective against diet-induced alterations to muscle integrity. 28533262 8 40 from increases 1262:1270 arg1 fat 1280:1282 body fat 1275:1282 body fat 1275:1282 HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. 28533262 4 41 theme Sprague-Dawley 574:587 arg1 rats 589:592 Male Sprague-Dawley rats 569:592 Male Sprague-Dawley rats 569:592 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 7 42 theme soleus 967:972 arg1 muscles 974:980 soleus muscles 967:980 soleus muscles 967:980 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 3 43 theme intramuscular 484:496 arg1 invasion 502:509 intramuscular fat invasion 484:509 intramuscular fat invasion 484:509 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 3 44 theme molecular 525:533 arg1 alterations 535:545 molecular alterations 525:545 molecular alterations 525:545 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 12 45 theme muscle 1888:1893 arg1 damage 1895:1900 obesity-induced muscle damage 1872:1900 obesity-induced muscle damage 1872:1900 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 8 46 from increase 1304:1311 arg1 fat 1321:1323 body fat 1316:1323 body fat 1316:1323 HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. 28533262 7 47 theme adipokine 941:949 arg1 levels 956:961 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels 928:961 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles 928:980 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 4 48 theme short-term 644:653 arg1 points 730:735 serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points 637:735 serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points 637:735 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 11 49 theme oxidative 1659:1667 arg1 protective 1699:1708 protective 1699:1708 protective 1699:1708 Therefore, the oxidative capacity of the soleus may be protective against diet-induced alterations to muscle integrity. 28533262 11 49 theme oxidative 1659:1667 arg1 capacity 1669:1676 the oxidative capacity 1655:1676 the oxidative capacity of the soleus 1655:1690 Therefore, the oxidative capacity of the soleus may be protective against diet-induced alterations to muscle integrity. 28533262 7 50 theme Cytokine 928:935 arg1 levels 956:961 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels 928:961 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles 928:980 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 3 51 theme time 556:559 arg1 points 561:566 six time points 552:566 six time points 552:566 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 5 52 theme Chow-fed 738:745 arg1 n = 21 757:762 n = 21 757:762 n = 21 757:762 Chow-fed controls (n = 21) were killed at 4, 12, and 28 weeks. 28533262 5 52 theme Chow-fed 738:745 arg1 controls 747:754 Chow-fed controls 738:754 Chow-fed controls (n = 21) 738:763 Chow-fed controls (n = 21) were killed at 4, 12, and 28 weeks. 28533262 2 53 theme obesity-induced 313:327 arg1 damage 336:341 obesity-induced muscle damage 313:341 obesity-induced muscle damage 313:341 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles are compromised with obesity, but due to its high oxidative capacity, the soleus muscle may be protected against obesity-induced muscle damage. 28533262 12 54 theme aerobic 1811:1817 arg1 exercise 1819:1826 aerobic exercise 1811:1826 aerobic exercise 1811:1826 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 11 55 theme soleus 1685:1690 arg1 protective 1699:1708 protective 1699:1708 protective 1699:1708 Therefore, the oxidative capacity of the soleus may be protective against diet-induced alterations to muscle integrity. 28533262 11 55 theme soleus 1685:1690 arg1 capacity 1669:1676 the oxidative capacity 1655:1676 the oxidative capacity of the soleus 1655:1690 Therefore, the oxidative capacity of the soleus may be protective against diet-induced alterations to muscle integrity. 28533262 1 56 theme obesity 96:102 arg1 effects 85:91 The effects 81:91 The effects of obesity on different musculoskeletal tissues 81:139 The effects of obesity on different musculoskeletal tissues are not well understood. 28533262 2 57 theme high 245:248 arg1 capacity 260:267 its high oxidative capacity 241:267 its high oxidative capacity 241:267 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles are compromised with obesity, but due to its high oxidative capacity, the soleus muscle may be protected against obesity-induced muscle damage. 28533262 1 58 theme different 107:115 arg1 tissues 133:139 different musculoskeletal tissues 107:139 different musculoskeletal tissues 107:139 The effects of obesity on different musculoskeletal tissues are not well understood. 28533262 6 59 theme soleus 880:885 arg1 muscles 887:893 soleus muscles 880:893 soleus muscles 880:893 At sacrifice, animals were weighed, body composition was calculated (DXA), and soleus muscles were harvested and flash-frozen. 28533262 9 60 theme soleus 1395:1400 arg1 muscles 1402:1408 Short-term time-point soleus muscles 1373:1408 Short-term time-point soleus muscles 1373:1408 Short-term time-point soleus muscles demonstrated up-regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules. 28533262 7 61 theme CD68+ 1091:1095 arg1 number 1102:1107 CD68+ cell number 1091:1107 CD68+ cell number 1091:1107 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 6 62 dep calculated 858:867 arg1 DXA 870:872 DXA 870:872 DXA 870:872 At sacrifice, animals were weighed, body composition was calculated (DXA), and soleus muscles were harvested and flash-frozen. 28533262 9 63 dep inflammation 1452:1463 arg1 molecules 1496:1504 molecules 1496:1504 molecules 1496:1504 Short-term time-point soleus muscles demonstrated up-regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules. 28533262 9 64 theme Short-term 1373:1382 arg1 muscles 1402:1408 Short-term time-point soleus muscles 1373:1408 Short-term time-point soleus muscles 1373:1408 Short-term time-point soleus muscles demonstrated up-regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules. 28533262 8 65 theme HFS 1363:1365 arg1 diet 1367:1370 the HFS diet 1359:1370 the HFS diet 1359:1370 HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. 28533262 3 66 dep defined 473:479 arg1 determine 347:355 determine 347:355 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity 344:470 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 2 67 theme soleus 274:279 arg1 muscle 281:286 the soleus muscle 270:286 the soleus muscle 270:286 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles are compromised with obesity, but due to its high oxidative capacity, the soleus muscle may be protected against obesity-induced muscle damage. 28533262 7 68 theme chain 1201:1205 arg1 analysis 1215:1222 myosin heavy chain protein analysis 1188:1222 myosin heavy chain protein analysis 1188:1222 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 8 69 theme HFS 1225:1227 arg1 animals 1229:1235 HFS animals 1225:1235 HFS animals 1225:1235 HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. 28533262 10 70 theme intramuscular 1516:1528 arg1 fat 1530:1532 intramuscular fat 1516:1532 intramuscular fat 1516:1532 However, intramuscular fat, fibrosis, and CD68+ cell number were similar to their respective control group at all time points evaluated. 28533262 7 71 theme muscle 1038:1043 arg1 fibrosis 1045:1052 muscle fibrosis 1038:1052 muscle fibrosis 1038:1052 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 12 72 theme oxidative 1775:1783 arg1 strategy 1848:1855 a beneficial strategy 1835:1855 a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences 1835:1922 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 12 72 theme oxidative 1775:1783 arg1 capacity 1785:1792 Increasing oxidative capacity 1764:1792 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise 1764:1826 Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity-induced muscle damage, and its consequences. 28533262 9 73 theme mRNA 1436:1439 arg1 levels 1441:1446 up-regulated mRNA levels 1423:1446 up-regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules 1423:1504 Short-term time-point soleus muscles demonstrated up-regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules. 28533262 7 74 theme myosin 1188:1193 arg1 chain 1201:1205 myosin heavy chain 1188:1205 myosin heavy chain protein analysis 1188:1222 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 3 75 theme metabolic 424:432 arg1 challenge 434:442 a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge 394:442 a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge 394:442 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 3 75 theme metabolic 424:432 arg1 HFS 419:421 HFS 419:421 HFS 419:421 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 3 76 theme time-course 361:371 arg1 relationship 373:384 the time-course relationship 357:384 the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity 357:470 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 4 77 theme Male 569:572 arg1 rats 589:592 Male Sprague-Dawley rats 569:592 Male Sprague-Dawley rats 569:592 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 2 78 theme glycolytic 170:179 arg1 muscles 192:198 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles 166:198 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles 166:198 The glycolytic quadriceps muscles are compromised with obesity, but due to its high oxidative capacity, the soleus muscle may be protected against obesity-induced muscle damage. 28533262 7 79 theme RT-qPCR 1003:1009 arg1 assessment 1024:1033 RT-qPCR Histological assessment 1003:1033 RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis 1003:1052 Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT-qPCR Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. 28533262 8 80 theme body 1275:1278 arg1 fat 1280:1282 body fat 1275:1282 body fat 1275:1282 HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. 28533262 3 81 theme muscle 455:460 arg1 integrity 462:470 soleus muscle integrity 448:470 soleus muscle integrity 448:470 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 3 82 theme high-fat/high-sucrose 396:416 arg1 challenge 434:442 a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge 394:442 a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge 394:442 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 3 82 theme high-fat/high-sucrose 396:416 arg1 HFS 419:421 HFS 419:421 HFS 419:421 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 3 83 theme fat 498:500 arg1 invasion 502:509 intramuscular fat invasion 484:509 intramuscular fat invasion 484:509 To determine the time-course relationship between a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. 28533262 1 84 from effects 85:91 arg1 tissues 133:139 different musculoskeletal tissues 107:139 different musculoskeletal tissues 107:139 The effects of obesity on different musculoskeletal tissues are not well understood. 28533262 9 85 theme oxidative 1479:1487 arg1 stress 1489:1494 oxidative stress 1479:1494 oxidative stress 1479:1494 Short-term time-point soleus muscles demonstrated up-regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules. 28533262 4 86 theme HFS 605:607 arg1 n = 64 615:620 n = 64 615:620 n = 64 615:620 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 4 86 theme HFS 605:607 arg1 diet 609:612 a HFS diet 603:612 a HFS diet (n = 64) 603:621 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short-term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. 28533262 10 87 theme CD68+ 1549:1553 arg1 number 1560:1565 CD68+ cell number 1549:1565 CD68+ cell number 1549:1565 However, intramuscular fat, fibrosis, and CD68+ cell number were similar to their respective control group at all time points evaluated. 28533262 11 88 theme muscle 1746:1751 arg1 integrity 1753:1761 muscle integrity 1746:1761 muscle integrity 1746:1761 Therefore, the oxidative capacity of the soleus may be protective against diet-induced alterations to muscle integrity. 24755261 2 0 theme lipase 362:367 arg1 ratio 336:340 specific activity ratio 318:340 specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase 318:382 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 6 1 theme widest 1021:1026 arg1 fraction 972:979 a pure fraction 965:979 a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries 965:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 6 1 theme widest 1021:1026 arg1 emulsifier 1033:1042 the widest used emulsifier 1017:1042 the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries 1017:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 2 2 theme active 355:360 arg1 lipase 362:367 entrapped active lipase 345:367 entrapped active lipase 345:367 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 6 3 dep products 852:859 arg1 purification 861:872 purification 861:872 purification 861:872 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 4 4 from lipase 573:578 arg1 alginate 596:603 alginate 596:603 alginate 596:603 In such conditions, immobilized lipase by inclusion in alginate showed a highest stability and activity, on olive oil hydrolysis reaction where it could be reused for 10 cycles. 24755261 3 5 theme 100mM 499:503 arg1 CaCl2 505:509 100mM CaCl2 499:509 100mM CaCl2 499:509 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 6 6 theme pharmaceutical 1056:1069 arg1 industries 1071:1080 food and pharmaceutical industries 1047:1080 food and pharmaceutical industries 1047:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 6 7 theme successful 909:918 arg1 separation 920:929 a successful separation 907:929 a successful separation of reaction compounds 907:951 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 6 8 from emulsifier 1033:1042 arg1 industries 1071:1080 food and pharmaceutical industries 1047:1080 food and pharmaceutical industries 1047:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 2 9 theme enzyme 289:294 arg1 concentration 232:244 alginate concentration 223:244 alginate concentration 223:244 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 9 theme enzyme 289:294 arg1 concentration 253:265 CaCl2 concentration 247:265 CaCl2 concentration 247:265 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 9 theme enzyme 289:294 arg1 enzyme 289:294 initial enzyme 281:294 initial enzyme 281:294 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 9 theme enzyme 289:294 arg1 conditions 202:211 the immobilization conditions 183:211 the immobilization conditions 183:211 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 9 theme enzyme 289:294 arg1 amount 271:276 amount 271:276 amount of initial enzyme 271:294 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 1 10 theme alginate 148:155 arg1 beads 161:165 alginate gel beads 148:165 alginate gel beads 148:165 Lipase extracted from Rhizopus oryzae was immobilized in alginate gel beads. 24755261 4 11 theme hydrolysis 659:668 arg1 reaction 670:677 olive oil hydrolysis reaction 649:677 olive oil hydrolysis reaction where it could be reused for 10 cycles 649:716 In such conditions, immobilized lipase by inclusion in alginate showed a highest stability and activity, on olive oil hydrolysis reaction where it could be reused for 10 cycles. 24755261 2 12 dep activity 308:315 arg1 ratio 336:340 specific activity ratio 318:340 specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase 318:382 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 5 13 theme diolein 790:796 arg1 composition 764:774 the mass composition 755:774 the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein 755:809 After 15min of hydrolysis reaction, the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein were about 78%, 10% and 12%. 24755261 5 13 theme diolein 790:796 arg1 % 824:824 78% 822:824 78% 822:824 After 15min of hydrolysis reaction, the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein were about 78%, 10% and 12%. 24755261 3 14 theme % 467:467 arg1 concentration 484:496 2% (w/v) alginate concentration 466:496 2% (w/v) alginate concentration 466:496 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 2 15 theme initial 281:287 arg1 enzyme 289:294 initial enzyme 281:294 initial enzyme 281:294 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 4 16 theme immobilized 561:571 arg1 lipase 573:578 immobilized lipase 561:578 immobilized lipase by inclusion in alginate 561:603 In such conditions, immobilized lipase by inclusion in alginate showed a highest stability and activity, on olive oil hydrolysis reaction where it could be reused for 10 cycles. 24755261 5 17 theme hydrolysis 734:743 arg1 reaction 745:752 hydrolysis reaction 734:752 hydrolysis reaction 734:752 After 15min of hydrolysis reaction, the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein were about 78%, 10% and 12%. 24755261 3 18 theme enzyme 515:520 arg1 ratio 522:526 enzyme ratio 515:526 enzyme ratio 515:526 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 5 19 theme mass 759:762 arg1 composition 764:774 the mass composition 755:774 the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein 755:809 After 15min of hydrolysis reaction, the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein were about 78%, 10% and 12%. 24755261 5 19 theme mass 759:762 arg1 % 824:824 78% 822:824 78% 822:824 After 15min of hydrolysis reaction, the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein were about 78%, 10% and 12%. 24755261 2 20 theme specific 318:325 arg1 ratio 336:340 specific activity ratio 318:340 specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase 318:382 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 0 21 theme Monoolein 0:8 arg1 production 10:19 Monoolein production 0:19 Monoolein production by triglycerides hydrolysis using immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase. 0:89 Monoolein production by triglycerides hydrolysis using immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase. 24755261 3 22 theme lipase 431:436 arg1 entrapment 438:447 lipase entrapment 431:447 lipase entrapment 431:447 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 0 23 theme triglycerides 24:36 arg1 hydrolysis 38:47 triglycerides hydrolysis 24:47 triglycerides hydrolysis using immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase 24:88 Monoolein production by triglycerides hydrolysis using immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase. 24755261 1 24 theme Rhizopus 113:120 arg1 oryzae 122:127 Rhizopus oryzae 113:127 Rhizopus oryzae 113:127 Lipase extracted from Rhizopus oryzae was immobilized in alginate gel beads. 24755261 3 25 theme 2 466:466 arg1 % 467:467 % 467:467 % 467:467 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 5 26 theme monoolein 779:787 arg1 composition 764:774 the mass composition 755:774 the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein 755:809 After 15min of hydrolysis reaction, the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein were about 78%, 10% and 12%. 24755261 5 26 theme monoolein 779:787 arg1 % 824:824 78% 822:824 78% 822:824 After 15min of hydrolysis reaction, the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein were about 78%, 10% and 12%. 24755261 4 27 theme such 544:547 arg1 conditions 549:558 such conditions 544:558 such conditions 544:558 In such conditions, immobilized lipase by inclusion in alginate showed a highest stability and activity, on olive oil hydrolysis reaction where it could be reused for 10 cycles. 24755261 2 28 theme immobilization 187:200 arg1 concentration 232:244 alginate concentration 223:244 alginate concentration 223:244 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 28 theme immobilization 187:200 arg1 conditions 202:211 the immobilization conditions 183:211 the immobilization conditions 183:211 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 28 theme immobilization 187:200 arg1 enzyme 289:294 initial enzyme 281:294 initial enzyme 281:294 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 28 theme immobilization 187:200 arg1 as 219:220 as 219:220 as 219:220 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 28 theme immobilization 187:200 arg1 concentration 253:265 CaCl2 concentration 247:265 CaCl2 concentration 247:265 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 28 theme immobilization 187:200 arg1 amount 271:276 amount 271:276 amount of initial enzyme 271:294 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 29 theme retained 299:306 arg1 activity 308:315 retained activity 299:315 retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) 299:383 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 1 30 theme gel 157:159 arg1 beads 161:165 alginate gel beads 148:165 alginate gel beads 148:165 Lipase extracted from Rhizopus oryzae was immobilized in alginate gel beads. 24755261 3 31 theme optimal 408:414 arg1 conditions 416:425 The optimal conditions 404:425 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment 404:447 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 6 32 theme column 877:882 arg1 chromatography 884:897 column chromatography 877:897 column chromatography 877:897 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 6 33 theme food 1047:1050 arg1 industries 1071:1080 food and pharmaceutical industries 1047:1080 food and pharmaceutical industries 1047:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 6 34 theme monoolein 984:992 arg1 fraction 972:979 a pure fraction 965:979 a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries 965:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 6 34 theme monoolein 984:992 arg1 emulsifier 1033:1042 the widest used emulsifier 1017:1042 the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries 1017:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 6 35 theme pure 967:970 arg1 fraction 972:979 a pure fraction 965:979 a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries 965:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 6 35 theme pure 967:970 arg1 emulsifier 1033:1042 the widest used emulsifier 1017:1042 the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries 1017:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 4 36 theme oil 655:657 arg1 reaction 670:677 olive oil hydrolysis reaction 649:677 olive oil hydrolysis reaction where it could be reused for 10 cycles 649:716 In such conditions, immobilized lipase by inclusion in alginate showed a highest stability and activity, on olive oil hydrolysis reaction where it could be reused for 10 cycles. 24755261 5 37 theme reaction 745:752 arg1 15min 725:729 15min 725:729 15min of hydrolysis reaction 725:752 After 15min of hydrolysis reaction, the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein were about 78%, 10% and 12%. 24755261 5 38 theme triolein 802:809 arg1 composition 764:774 the mass composition 755:774 the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein 755:809 After 15min of hydrolysis reaction, the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein were about 78%, 10% and 12%. 24755261 5 38 theme triolein 802:809 arg1 % 824:824 78% 822:824 78% 822:824 After 15min of hydrolysis reaction, the mass composition of monoolein, diolein and triolein were about 78%, 10% and 12%. 24755261 4 39 theme highest 614:620 arg1 stability 622:630 stability 622:630 stability 622:630 In such conditions, immobilized lipase by inclusion in alginate showed a highest stability and activity, on olive oil hydrolysis reaction where it could be reused for 10 cycles. 24755261 0 40 theme Rhizopus 67:74 arg1 oryzae 76:81 Rhizopus oryzae 67:81 immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase 55:88 Monoolein production by triglycerides hydrolysis using immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase. 24755261 2 41 from effects 172:178 arg1 activity 308:315 retained activity 299:315 retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) 299:383 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 42 theme alginate 223:230 arg1 concentration 232:244 alginate concentration 223:244 alginate concentration 223:244 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 42 theme alginate 223:230 arg1 conditions 202:211 the immobilization conditions 183:211 the immobilization conditions 183:211 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 6 43 theme used 1028:1031 arg1 fraction 972:979 a pure fraction 965:979 a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries 965:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 6 43 theme used 1028:1031 arg1 emulsifier 1033:1042 the widest used emulsifier 1017:1042 the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries 1017:1080 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 2 44 theme entrapped 345:353 arg1 lipase 362:367 entrapped active lipase 345:367 entrapped active lipase 345:367 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 0 45 theme immobilized 55:65 arg1 lipase 83:88 immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase 55:88 immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase 55:88 Monoolein production by triglycerides hydrolysis using immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase. 24755261 3 46 theme alginate 475:482 arg1 concentration 484:496 2% (w/v) alginate concentration 466:496 2% (w/v) alginate concentration 466:496 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 3 47 dep % 467:467 arg1 w/v 470:472 w/v 470:472 w/v 470:472 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 3 48 dep determined 454:463 arg1 ratio 522:526 enzyme ratio 515:526 enzyme ratio 515:526 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 3 48 dep determined 454:463 arg1 concentration 484:496 2% (w/v) alginate concentration 466:496 2% (w/v) alginate concentration 466:496 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 3 48 dep determined 454:463 arg1 CaCl2 505:509 100mM CaCl2 499:509 100mM CaCl2 499:509 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 3 49 theme 2000IU/mL 531:539 arg1 ratio 522:526 enzyme ratio 515:526 enzyme ratio 515:526 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 3 49 theme 2000IU/mL 531:539 arg1 concentration 484:496 2% (w/v) alginate concentration 466:496 2% (w/v) alginate concentration 466:496 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 3 49 theme 2000IU/mL 531:539 arg1 CaCl2 505:509 100mM CaCl2 499:509 100mM CaCl2 499:509 The optimal conditions for lipase entrapment were determined: 2% (w/v) alginate concentration, 100mM CaCl2 and enzyme ratio of 2000IU/mL. 24755261 2 50 theme activity 327:334 arg1 ratio 336:340 specific activity ratio 318:340 specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase 318:382 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 51 theme conditions 202:211 arg1 effects 172:178 The effects 168:178 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) 168:383 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 52 theme free 372:375 arg1 lipase 377:382 free lipase 372:382 free lipase 372:382 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 6 53 theme compounds 943:951 arg1 separation 920:929 a successful separation 907:929 a successful separation of reaction compounds 907:951 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24755261 0 54 theme oryzae 76:81 arg1 lipase 83:88 immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase 55:88 immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase 55:88 Monoolein production by triglycerides hydrolysis using immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase. 24755261 2 55 theme CaCl2 247:251 arg1 concentration 253:265 CaCl2 concentration 247:265 CaCl2 concentration 247:265 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 2 55 theme CaCl2 247:251 arg1 conditions 202:211 the immobilization conditions 183:211 the immobilization conditions 183:211 The effects of the immobilization conditions, such as, alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration and amount of initial enzyme on retained activity (specific activity ratio of entrapped active lipase to free lipase) were investigated. 24755261 4 56 theme olive 649:653 arg1 reaction 670:677 olive oil hydrolysis reaction 649:677 olive oil hydrolysis reaction where it could be reused for 10 cycles 649:716 In such conditions, immobilized lipase by inclusion in alginate showed a highest stability and activity, on olive oil hydrolysis reaction where it could be reused for 10 cycles. 24755261 6 57 theme reaction 934:941 arg1 compounds 943:951 reaction compounds 934:951 reaction compounds 934:951 Hydrolysis' products purification by column chromatography lead to a successful separation of reaction compounds and provide a pure fraction of monoolein which is considered as the widest used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. 27068621 5 0 theme chondrogenic 815:826 arg1 potential 846:854 chondrogenic redifferentiation potential 815:854 chondrogenic redifferentiation potential 815:854 CS-conjugated silk constructs demonstrate enhanced cellular metabolic activity and chondrogenic redifferentiation potential with significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs. 27068621 7 1 theme cartilaginous 1351:1363 arg1 regeneration 1370:1381 cartilaginous disc regeneration 1351:1381 cartilaginous disc regeneration needs 1351:1387 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 7 2 theme such 1251:1254 arg1 proteins 1289:1296 such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1251:1296 such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1251:1296 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 6 3 theme flight 987:992 arg1 analysis 994:1001 flight analysis 987:1001 flight analysis 987:1001 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 3 4 theme biofunctionalized 506:522 arg1 scaffolds 529:537 biofunctionalized silk scaffolds 506:537 biofunctionalized silk scaffolds 506:537 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 6 5 theme protein-protein 1007:1021 arg1 studies 1035:1041 protein-protein interaction studies 1007:1041 protein-protein interaction studies 1007:1041 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 6 6 theme disc 1126:1129 arg1 proteins 1149:1156 disc associated matrix proteins 1126:1156 disc associated matrix proteins 1126:1156 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 0 7 theme tissue 74:79 arg1 regeneration 81:92 cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration 55:92 cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration 55:92 Role of chondroitin sulphate tethered silk scaffold in cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration. 27068621 6 8 theme studies 1035:1041 arg1 ionization-time 968:982 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time 933:982 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies 933:1041 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 7 9 theme in-depth 1203:1210 arg1 understanding 1212:1224 An in-depth understanding 1200:1224 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1200:1296 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 3 10 theme silk 524:527 arg1 scaffolds 529:537 biofunctionalized silk scaffolds 506:537 biofunctionalized silk scaffolds 506:537 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 6 11 theme interaction 1023:1033 arg1 studies 1035:1041 protein-protein interaction studies 1007:1041 protein-protein interaction studies 1007:1041 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 7 12 theme interplay 1233:1241 arg1 understanding 1212:1224 An in-depth understanding 1200:1224 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1200:1296 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 3 13 theme structural 558:567 arg1 properties 569:578 the structural properties 554:578 the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes 554:655 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 5 14 theme enhanced 774:781 arg1 activity 802:809 enhanced cellular metabolic activity 774:809 enhanced cellular metabolic activity 774:809 CS-conjugated silk constructs demonstrate enhanced cellular metabolic activity and chondrogenic redifferentiation potential with significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs. 27068621 4 15 theme Covalent 658:665 arg1 attachment 667:676 Covalent attachment 658:676 Covalent attachment of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to silk 658:712 Covalent attachment of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to silk is characterized. 27068621 7 16 theme associated 1278:1287 arg1 proteins 1289:1296 such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1251:1296 such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1251:1296 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 2 17 theme Silk 287:290 arg1 fibroin 292:298 Silk fibroin 287:298 Silk fibroin 287:298 Silk fibroin has demonstrated its potential in supporting cartilaginous tissue formation both in vitro and in vivo. 27068621 1 18 theme target 272:277 arg1 tissue 279:284 the target tissue 268:284 the target tissue 268:284 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 5 19 theme cellular 783:790 arg1 activity 802:809 enhanced cellular metabolic activity 774:809 enhanced cellular metabolic activity 774:809 CS-conjugated silk constructs demonstrate enhanced cellular metabolic activity and chondrogenic redifferentiation potential with significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs. 27068621 2 20 theme tissue 359:364 arg1 formation 366:374 cartilaginous tissue formation 345:374 cartilaginous tissue formation 345:374 Silk fibroin has demonstrated its potential in supporting cartilaginous tissue formation both in vitro and in vivo. 27068621 3 21 theme organization 465:476 arg1 role 437:440 the role 433:440 the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes 433:655 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 5 22 theme metabolic 792:800 arg1 activity 802:809 enhanced cellular metabolic activity 774:809 enhanced cellular metabolic activity 774:809 CS-conjugated silk constructs demonstrate enhanced cellular metabolic activity and chondrogenic redifferentiation potential with significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs. 27068621 6 23 theme analysis 994:1001 arg1 ionization-time 968:982 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time 933:982 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies 933:1041 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 1 24 with scaffolds 138:146 arg1 structure 161:169 tunable structure 153:169 tunable structure 153:169 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 1 24 with scaffolds 138:146 arg1 morphology 175:184 morphology 175:184 morphology 175:184 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 1 24 with scaffolds 138:146 arg1 chemistry 213:221 optimum surface chemistry 197:221 tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue 153:284 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 7 25 theme cellular 1262:1269 arg1 proteins 1289:1296 such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1251:1296 such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1251:1296 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 4 26 theme sulfate 693:699 arg1 attachment 667:676 Covalent attachment 658:676 Covalent attachment of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to silk 658:712 Covalent attachment of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to silk is characterized. 27068621 5 27 theme mechanical 884:893 arg1 properties 895:904 significantly improved mechanical properties 861:904 significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs 861:930 CS-conjugated silk constructs demonstrate enhanced cellular metabolic activity and chondrogenic redifferentiation potential with significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs. 27068621 5 28 theme redifferentiation 828:844 arg1 potential 846:854 chondrogenic redifferentiation potential 815:854 chondrogenic redifferentiation potential 815:854 CS-conjugated silk constructs demonstrate enhanced cellular metabolic activity and chondrogenic redifferentiation potential with significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs. 27068621 7 29 theme disc 1365:1368 arg1 regeneration 1370:1381 cartilaginous disc regeneration 1351:1381 cartilaginous disc regeneration needs 1351:1387 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 3 30 theme annulus 587:593 arg1 region 595:600 the annulus region 583:600 the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes 583:655 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 7 31 dep regeneration 1370:1381 arg1 needs 1383:1387 needs 1383:1387 needs 1383:1387 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 1 32 theme tissue 279:284 arg1 anatomy 239:245 anatomy 239:245 anatomy 239:245 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 1 32 theme tissue 279:284 arg1 functionality 251:263 functionality 251:263 functionality 251:263 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 3 33 theme region 595:600 arg1 properties 569:578 the structural properties 554:578 the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes 554:655 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 6 34 theme based 1183:1187 arg1 construct 1189:1197 a silk-only based construct 1171:1197 a silk-only based construct 1171:1197 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 0 35 theme sulphate 20:27 arg1 Role 0:3 Role 0:3 Role of chondroitin sulphate 0:27 Role of chondroitin sulphate tethered silk scaffold in cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration. 27068621 1 36 theme optimum 197:203 arg1 chemistry 213:221 optimum surface chemistry 197:221 tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue 153:284 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 0 37 theme chondroitin 8:18 arg1 sulphate 20:27 chondroitin sulphate 8:27 chondroitin sulphate 8:27 Role of chondroitin sulphate tethered silk scaffold in cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration. 27068621 5 38 theme CS-conjugated 732:744 arg1 constructs 751:760 CS-conjugated silk constructs 732:760 CS-conjugated silk constructs 732:760 CS-conjugated silk constructs demonstrate enhanced cellular metabolic activity and chondrogenic redifferentiation potential with significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs. 27068621 1 39 dep anatomy 239:245 arg1 the 235:237 the 235:237 the 235:237 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 1 40 theme tissue 110:115 arg1 engineering 117:127 tissue engineering 110:127 tissue engineering 110:127 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 1 41 theme surface 205:211 arg1 chemistry 213:221 optimum surface chemistry 197:221 tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue 153:284 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 0 42 theme silk 38:41 arg1 scaffold 43:50 silk scaffold 38:50 silk scaffold 38:50 Role of chondroitin sulphate tethered silk scaffold in cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration. 27068621 6 43 theme CS 1078:1079 arg1 conjugation 1081:1091 CS conjugation 1078:1091 CS conjugation 1078:1091 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 5 44 theme silk 746:749 arg1 constructs 751:760 CS-conjugated silk constructs 732:760 CS-conjugated silk constructs 732:760 CS-conjugated silk constructs demonstrate enhanced cellular metabolic activity and chondrogenic redifferentiation potential with significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs. 27068621 3 45 theme intervertebral 608:621 arg1 disc 623:626 an intervertebral disc 605:626 an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes 605:655 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 4 46 theme chondroitin 681:691 arg1 CS 702:703 CS 702:703 CS 702:703 Covalent attachment of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to silk is characterized. 27068621 4 46 theme chondroitin 681:691 arg1 sulfate 693:699 chondroitin sulfate 681:699 chondroitin sulfate (CS) 681:704 Covalent attachment of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to silk is characterized. 27068621 6 47 theme desorption 957:966 arg1 ionization-time 968:982 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time 933:982 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies 933:1041 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 3 48 theme disc 623:626 arg1 region 595:600 the annulus region 583:600 the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes 583:655 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 3 49 theme controlled 445:454 arg1 organization 465:476 controlled lamellar organization 445:476 controlled lamellar organization 445:476 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 7 50 theme extra 1256:1260 arg1 proteins 1289:1296 such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1251:1296 such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1251:1296 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 6 51 theme laser 951:955 arg1 ionization-time 968:982 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time 933:982 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies 933:1041 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 3 52 theme composition 491:501 arg1 role 437:440 the role 433:440 the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes 433:655 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 5 53 theme improved 875:882 arg1 properties 895:904 significantly improved mechanical properties 861:904 significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs 861:930 CS-conjugated silk constructs demonstrate enhanced cellular metabolic activity and chondrogenic redifferentiation potential with significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs. 27068621 7 54 theme rational 1328:1335 arg1 scaffolds 1337:1345 more rational scaffolds 1323:1345 more rational scaffolds 1323:1345 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 6 55 theme matrix-assisted 935:949 arg1 ionization-time 968:982 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time 933:982 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies 933:1041 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 2 56 theme cartilaginous 345:357 arg1 formation 366:374 cartilaginous tissue formation 345:374 cartilaginous tissue formation 345:374 Silk fibroin has demonstrated its potential in supporting cartilaginous tissue formation both in vitro and in vivo. 27068621 4 57 attach attachment 667:676 arg2 CS 702:703 CS 702:703 CS 702:703 Covalent attachment of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to silk is characterized. 27068621 4 57 attach attachment 667:676 arg1 silk 709:712 silk 709:712 silk 709:712 Covalent attachment of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to silk is characterized. 27068621 4 57 attach attachment 667:676 arg2 sulfate 693:699 chondroitin sulfate 681:699 chondroitin sulfate (CS) 681:704 Covalent attachment of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to silk is characterized. 27068621 7 58 theme matrix 1271:1276 arg1 proteins 1289:1296 such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1251:1296 such extra cellular matrix associated proteins 1251:1296 An in-depth understanding of the interplay between such extra cellular matrix associated proteins should help in designing more rational scaffolds for cartilaginous disc regeneration needs. 27068621 5 59 theme silk-only 911:919 arg1 constructs 921:930 silk-only constructs 911:930 silk-only constructs 911:930 CS-conjugated silk constructs demonstrate enhanced cellular metabolic activity and chondrogenic redifferentiation potential with significantly improved mechanical properties over silk-only constructs. 27068621 3 60 theme chemical 482:489 arg1 composition 491:501 chemical composition 482:501 chemical composition 482:501 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 6 61 theme proteins 1149:1156 arg1 production 1112:1121 the production 1108:1121 the production of disc associated matrix proteins 1108:1156 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 0 62 theme disc 69:72 arg1 regeneration 81:92 cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration 55:92 cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration 55:92 Role of chondroitin sulphate tethered silk scaffold in cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration. 27068621 3 63 theme lamellar 456:463 arg1 organization 465:476 controlled lamellar organization 445:476 controlled lamellar organization 445:476 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 3 64 theme scaffolds 529:537 arg1 composition 491:501 chemical composition 482:501 chemical composition 482:501 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 3 64 theme scaffolds 529:537 arg1 organization 465:476 controlled lamellar organization 445:476 controlled lamellar organization 445:476 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 6 65 theme matrix 1142:1147 arg1 proteins 1149:1156 disc associated matrix proteins 1126:1156 disc associated matrix proteins 1126:1156 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 27068621 0 66 theme cartilaginous 55:67 arg1 regeneration 81:92 cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration 55:92 cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration 55:92 Role of chondroitin sulphate tethered silk scaffold in cartilaginous disc tissue regeneration. 27068621 3 67 theme articular 634:642 arg1 chondrocytes 644:655 articular chondrocytes 634:655 articular chondrocytes 634:655 In this study, we investigate the role of controlled lamellar organization and chemical composition of biofunctionalized silk scaffolds in replicating the structural properties of the annulus region of an intervertebral disc using articular chondrocytes. 27068621 1 68 theme tunable 153:159 arg1 structure 161:169 tunable structure 153:169 tunable structure 153:169 Strategies for tissue engineering focus on scaffolds with tunable structure and morphology as well as optimum surface chemistry to simulate the anatomy and functionality of the target tissue. 27068621 6 69 theme associated 1131:1140 arg1 proteins 1149:1156 disc associated matrix proteins 1126:1156 disc associated matrix proteins 1126:1156 A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and protein-protein interaction studies help to generate insights into how CS conjugation can facilitate the production of disc associated matrix proteins, compared to a silk-only based construct. 28043052 0 0 theme electrospray 101:112 arg1 method 114:119 an electrospray method 98:119 an electrospray method 98:119 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by an electrospray method. 28043052 7 1 theme remote 1128:1133 arg1 release 1151:1157 remote controlled drug release 1128:1157 remote controlled drug release 1128:1157 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 1 2 theme drug 193:196 arg1 release 198:204 remote controlled drug release 175:204 remote controlled drug release 175:204 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. 28043052 6 3 theme DOX 988:990 arg1 release 992:998 DOX release 988:998 DOX release 988:998 In addition, ultrasound was used as another external stimulus for DOX release. 28043052 5 4 theme fast 771:774 arg1 release 795:801 The fast stimuli-responsive release 767:801 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX 767:808 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX can be facilely controlled by using NIR irradiation due to the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO. 28043052 7 5 theme controlled 1135:1144 arg1 release 1151:1157 remote controlled drug release 1128:1157 remote controlled drug release 1128:1157 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 4 6 theme Fe3O4 696:700 arg1 presence 684:691 the presence 680:691 the presence of Fe3O4 680:700 The microsphere is responsive to magnetic fields due to the presence of Fe3O4, and the incorporation of GO enhanced the drug loading capacity. 28043052 7 7 theme eluting 1206:1212 arg1 microspheres 1214:1225 drug eluting microspheres 1201:1225 drug eluting microspheres 1201:1225 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 5 8 theme photo-thermal 880:892 arg1 conversion 894:903 the strong photo-thermal conversion 869:903 the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO 869:919 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX can be facilely controlled by using NIR irradiation due to the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO. 28043052 0 9 from microspheres 71:82 arg1 release 23:29 Remote controlled drug release 0:29 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres 0:82 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by an electrospray method. 28043052 2 10 theme amino 318:322 arg1 polysaccharide 324:337 an amino polysaccharide 315:337 an amino polysaccharide 315:337 In this study, chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, was blended with inorganic nanocomponents, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO) and electrosprayed to fabricate uniform microspheres with the diameters ranging from 100μm to 1100μm. 28043052 2 10 theme amino 318:322 arg1 chitosan 305:312 chitosan 305:312 chitosan 305:312 In this study, chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, was blended with inorganic nanocomponents, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO) and electrosprayed to fabricate uniform microspheres with the diameters ranging from 100μm to 1100μm. 28043052 2 11 theme graphene 393:400 arg1 oxide 402:406 graphene oxide 393:406 graphene oxide (GO) 393:411 In this study, chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, was blended with inorganic nanocomponents, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO) and electrosprayed to fabricate uniform microspheres with the diameters ranging from 100μm to 1100μm. 28043052 2 11 theme graphene 393:400 arg1 nanocomponents 367:380 inorganic nanocomponents 357:380 inorganic nanocomponents 357:380 In this study, chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, was blended with inorganic nanocomponents, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO) and electrosprayed to fabricate uniform microspheres with the diameters ranging from 100μm to 1100μm. 28043052 6 12 theme external 966:973 arg1 ultrasound 935:944 ultrasound 935:944 ultrasound 935:944 In addition, ultrasound was used as another external stimulus for DOX release. 28043052 6 12 theme external 966:973 arg1 stimulus 975:982 another external stimulus 958:982 another external stimulus for DOX release 958:998 In addition, ultrasound was used as another external stimulus for DOX release. 28043052 5 13 theme Fe3O4 908:912 arg1 conversion 894:903 the strong photo-thermal conversion 869:903 the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO 869:919 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX can be facilely controlled by using NIR irradiation due to the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO. 28043052 2 14 theme uniform 445:451 arg1 microspheres 453:464 uniform microspheres 445:464 uniform microspheres 445:464 In this study, chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, was blended with inorganic nanocomponents, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO) and electrosprayed to fabricate uniform microspheres with the diameters ranging from 100μm to 1100μm. 28043052 5 15 theme GO 918:919 arg1 conversion 894:903 the strong photo-thermal conversion 869:903 the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO 869:919 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX can be facilely controlled by using NIR irradiation due to the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO. 28043052 4 16 theme due 673:675 arg1 fields 666:671 magnetic fields 657:671 magnetic fields due to the presence of Fe3O4 657:700 The microsphere is responsive to magnetic fields due to the presence of Fe3O4, and the incorporation of GO enhanced the drug loading capacity. 28043052 7 17 theme drug 1201:1204 arg1 microspheres 1214:1225 drug eluting microspheres 1201:1225 drug eluting microspheres 1201:1225 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 5 18 theme DOX 806:808 arg1 release 795:801 The fast stimuli-responsive release 767:801 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX 767:808 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX can be facilely controlled by using NIR irradiation due to the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO. 28043052 7 19 contain have 1170:1173 arg2 applications 1185:1196 potential applications 1175:1196 potential applications 1175:1196 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 7 19 contain have 1170:1173 arg1 platform 1115:1122 an efficient platform 1102:1122 an efficient platform 1102:1122 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 2 20 dep oxide 402:406 arg1 GO 409:410 GO 409:410 GO 409:410 In this study, chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, was blended with inorganic nanocomponents, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO) and electrosprayed to fabricate uniform microspheres with the diameters ranging from 100μm to 1100μm. 28043052 0 21 theme controlled 7:16 arg1 release 23:29 Remote controlled drug release 0:29 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres 0:82 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by an electrospray method. 28043052 7 22 theme potential 1175:1183 arg1 applications 1185:1196 potential applications 1175:1196 potential applications 1175:1196 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 1 23 theme exquisite 219:227 arg1 selection 229:237 the exquisite selection 215:237 the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches 215:287 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. 28043052 0 24 theme Remote 0:5 arg1 release 23:29 Remote controlled drug release 0:29 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres 0:82 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by an electrospray method. 28043052 4 25 theme GO 728:729 arg1 incorporation 711:723 the incorporation 707:723 the incorporation of GO 707:729 The microsphere is responsive to magnetic fields due to the presence of Fe3O4, and the incorporation of GO enhanced the drug loading capacity. 28043052 7 26 dep suggest 1013:1019 arg1 provide 1094:1100 provide 1094:1100 suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres 1013:1225 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 4 27 theme drug 744:747 arg1 capacity 757:764 the drug loading capacity 740:764 the drug loading capacity 740:764 The microsphere is responsive to magnetic fields due to the presence of Fe3O4, and the incorporation of GO enhanced the drug loading capacity. 28043052 7 28 theme efficient 1105:1113 arg1 platform 1115:1122 an efficient platform 1102:1122 an efficient platform 1102:1122 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 0 29 theme drug 18:21 arg1 release 23:29 Remote controlled drug release 0:29 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres 0:82 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by an electrospray method. 28043052 7 30 theme electrospray 1074:1085 arg1 method 1087:1092 the electrospray method 1070:1092 the electrospray method 1070:1092 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 1 31 theme composite 242:250 arg1 materials 252:260 composite materials 242:260 composite materials 242:260 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. 28043052 0 32 theme multi-functional 36:51 arg1 microspheres 71:82 multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres 36:82 multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres 36:82 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by an electrospray method. 28043052 4 33 theme magnetic 657:664 arg1 fields 666:671 magnetic fields 657:671 magnetic fields due to the presence of Fe3O4 657:700 The microsphere is responsive to magnetic fields due to the presence of Fe3O4, and the incorporation of GO enhanced the drug loading capacity. 28043052 1 34 theme materials 252:260 arg1 selection 229:237 the exquisite selection 215:237 the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches 215:287 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. 28043052 5 35 theme stimuli-responsive 776:793 arg1 release 795:801 The fast stimuli-responsive release 767:801 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX 767:808 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX can be facilely controlled by using NIR irradiation due to the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO. 28043052 4 36 theme loading 749:755 arg1 capacity 757:764 the drug loading capacity 740:764 the drug loading capacity 740:764 The microsphere is responsive to magnetic fields due to the presence of Fe3O4, and the incorporation of GO enhanced the drug loading capacity. 28043052 3 37 theme embedding 606:614 arg1 method 616:621 an adsorption or embedding method 589:621 method 616:621 An anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded to the microspheres by an adsorption or embedding method. 28043052 5 38 theme NIR 846:848 arg1 irradiation 850:860 NIR irradiation 846:860 NIR irradiation 846:860 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX can be facilely controlled by using NIR irradiation due to the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO. 28043052 7 39 theme drug 1146:1149 arg1 release 1151:1157 remote controlled drug release 1128:1157 remote controlled drug release 1128:1157 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 5 40 theme strong 873:878 arg1 conversion 894:903 the strong photo-thermal conversion 869:903 the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO 869:919 The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX can be facilely controlled by using NIR irradiation due to the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO. 28043052 7 41 theme Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan 1025:1041 arg1 microspheres 1043:1054 the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres 1021:1054 the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method 1021:1092 The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres. 28043052 3 42 theme anti-cancer 518:528 arg1 doxorubicin 536:546 doxorubicin 536:546 doxorubicin (DOX) 536:552 An anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded to the microspheres by an adsorption or embedding method. 28043052 3 42 theme anti-cancer 518:528 arg1 drug 530:533 An anti-cancer drug 515:533 An anti-cancer drug 515:533 An anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded to the microspheres by an adsorption or embedding method. 28043052 0 43 theme Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan 53:69 arg1 microspheres 71:82 multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres 36:82 multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres 36:82 Remote controlled drug release from multi-functional Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by an electrospray method. 28043052 6 44 used used 950:953 arg2 ultrasound 935:944 ultrasound 935:944 ultrasound 935:944 In addition, ultrasound was used as another external stimulus for DOX release. 28043052 6 44 used used 950:953 arg2 stimulus 975:982 another external stimulus 958:982 another external stimulus for DOX release 958:998 In addition, ultrasound was used as another external stimulus for DOX release. 28043052 3 45 theme adsorption 592:601 arg1 method 616:621 an adsorption or embedding method 589:621 method 616:621 An anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded to the microspheres by an adsorption or embedding method. 28043052 1 46 theme multifunctional 142:156 arg1 microspheres 158:169 multifunctional microspheres 142:169 multifunctional microspheres 142:169 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. 28043052 1 47 theme microspheres 158:169 arg1 construction 126:137 The construction 122:137 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release 122:204 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. 28043052 1 48 theme preparation 266:276 arg1 approaches 278:287 preparation approaches 266:287 preparation approaches 266:287 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. 28043052 2 49 theme inorganic 357:365 arg1 Fe3O4 383:387 Fe3O4 383:387 Fe3O4 383:387 In this study, chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, was blended with inorganic nanocomponents, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO) and electrosprayed to fabricate uniform microspheres with the diameters ranging from 100μm to 1100μm. 28043052 2 49 theme inorganic 357:365 arg1 oxide 402:406 graphene oxide 393:406 graphene oxide (GO) 393:411 In this study, chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, was blended with inorganic nanocomponents, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO) and electrosprayed to fabricate uniform microspheres with the diameters ranging from 100μm to 1100μm. 28043052 2 49 theme inorganic 357:365 arg1 nanocomponents 367:380 inorganic nanocomponents 357:380 inorganic nanocomponents 357:380 In this study, chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, was blended with inorganic nanocomponents, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO) and electrosprayed to fabricate uniform microspheres with the diameters ranging from 100μm to 1100μm. 28043052 1 50 theme approaches 278:287 arg1 selection 229:237 the exquisite selection 215:237 the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches 215:287 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. 28043052 1 51 theme remote 175:180 arg1 release 198:204 remote controlled drug release 175:204 remote controlled drug release 175:204 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. 28043052 1 52 theme controlled 182:191 arg1 release 198:204 remote controlled drug release 175:204 remote controlled drug release 175:204 The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. 24269287 7 0 theme Carbomer 958:965 arg1 5:1 972:974 HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 953:975 HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 953:975 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 9 1 theme film-forming 1104:1115 arg1 gel 1117:1119 A film-forming gel 1102:1119 A film-forming gel of rotigotine 1102:1133 CONCLUSION A film-forming gel of rotigotine was successfully developed using the response surface analysis technique. 24269287 1 2 theme rotigotine 164:173 arg1 formulation 149:159 a film-forming gel formulation 130:159 a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934 130:225 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 7 3 dep RESULTS 793:799 arg1 reached 839:845 reached 839:845 reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 839:975 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 10 4 theme drug 1314:1317 arg1 delivery 1300:1307 transdermal delivery 1288:1307 transdermal delivery of a drug 1288:1317 The results of this study may be helpful in finding an optimum formulation for transdermal delivery of a drug. 24269287 2 5 theme Surface 282:288 arg1 technique 299:307 the Response Surface Analysis technique 269:307 the Response Surface Analysis technique 269:307 To optimize this formulation, we applied the Response Surface Analysis technique and evaluated the gel's pharmacokinetic properties. 24269287 7 6 theme ST-Elastomer 909:920 arg1 % 907:907 7% ST-Elastomer 10 906:923 7% ST-Elastomer 10 906:923 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 5 7 theme Franz-type 701:710 arg1 diffusion 712:720 Franz-type diffusion 701:720 Franz-type diffusion 701:720 The gel formulation was evaluated and optimized according to its accumulated permeation rate (Flux) through Franz-type diffusion. 24269287 8 8 theme optimized 1005:1013 arg1 formulation 1015:1025 the optimized formulation 1001:1025 the optimized formulation 1001:1025 The bioavailability of the optimized formulation compared with intravenous administration was approximately 20%. 24269287 1 9 with formulation 149:159 arg1 cellulose 194:202 hydroxypropyl cellulose 180:202 hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) 180:208 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 1 9 with formulation 149:159 arg1 934 223:225 Carbomer 934 214:225 Carbomer 934 214:225 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 1 9 with formulation 149:159 arg1 HPC 205:207 HPC 205:207 HPC 205:207 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 2 10 theme Response 273:280 arg1 technique 299:307 the Response Surface Analysis technique 269:307 the Response Surface Analysis technique 269:307 To optimize this formulation, we applied the Response Surface Analysis technique and evaluated the gel's pharmacokinetic properties. 24269287 1 11 theme film-forming 132:143 arg1 formulation 149:159 a film-forming gel formulation 130:159 a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934 130:225 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 7 12 theme HPC 953:955 arg1 5:1 972:974 HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 953:975 HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 953:975 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 9 13 theme rotigotine 1124:1133 arg1 gel 1117:1119 A film-forming gel 1102:1119 A film-forming gel of rotigotine 1102:1133 CONCLUSION A film-forming gel of rotigotine was successfully developed using the response surface analysis technique. 24269287 10 14 theme study 1229:1233 arg1 helpful 1242:1248 helpful 1242:1248 helpful 1242:1248 The results of this study may be helpful in finding an optimum formulation for transdermal delivery of a drug. 24269287 10 14 theme study 1229:1233 arg1 results 1213:1219 The results 1209:1219 The results of this study 1209:1233 The results of this study may be helpful in finding an optimum formulation for transdermal delivery of a drug. 24269287 4 15 theme low 571:573 arg1 levels 563:568 three levels 557:568 three levels: low, medium and high 557:590 Each factor was varied over three levels: low, medium and high. 24269287 5 16 theme gel 597:599 arg1 formulation 601:611 The gel formulation 593:611 The gel formulation 593:611 The gel formulation was evaluated and optimized according to its accumulated permeation rate (Flux) through Franz-type diffusion. 24269287 7 17 dep maximum 851:857 arg1 2 873:873 2 873:873 2 873:873 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 7 17 dep maximum 851:857 arg1 μg/cm 867:871 199.17 μg/cm 860:871 199.17 μg/cm(2) 860:874 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 7 18 theme optimized 817:825 arg1 formulation 827:837 the optimized formulation 813:837 the optimized formulation 813:837 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 1 19 theme hydroxypropyl 180:192 arg1 cellulose 194:202 hydroxypropyl cellulose 180:202 hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) 180:208 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 1 19 theme hydroxypropyl 180:192 arg1 HPC 205:207 HPC 205:207 HPC 205:207 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 10 20 theme optimum 1264:1270 arg1 formulation 1272:1282 an optimum formulation 1261:1282 an optimum formulation for transdermal delivery of a drug 1261:1317 The results of this study may be helpful in finding an optimum formulation for transdermal delivery of a drug. 24269287 10 21 theme transdermal 1288:1298 arg1 delivery 1300:1307 transdermal delivery 1288:1307 transdermal delivery of a drug 1288:1317 The results of this study may be helpful in finding an optimum formulation for transdermal delivery of a drug. 24269287 7 22 theme formulation 827:837 arg1 Flux 805:808 The Flux 801:808 The Flux of the optimized formulation 801:837 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 3 23 theme factorial 392:400 arg1 design 402:407 factorial design 392:407 factorial design 392:407 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 6 24 theme gel 761:763 arg1 study 741:745 A pharmacokinetic study 723:745 A pharmacokinetic study of rotigotine gel 723:763 A pharmacokinetic study of rotigotine gel was performed with rabbits. 24269287 9 25 dep CONCLUSION 1091:1100 arg1 developed 1152:1160 developed 1152:1160 was successfully developed using the response surface analysis technique 1135:1206 CONCLUSION A film-forming gel of rotigotine was successfully developed using the response surface analysis technique. 24269287 3 26 theme rotigotine 435:444 arg1 concentration 495:507 the concentration 491:507 the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10 491:526 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 26 theme rotigotine 435:444 arg1 factors 373:379 The factors 369:379 The factors chosen for factorial design 369:407 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 26 theme rotigotine 435:444 arg1 METHODS 361:367 METHODS 361:367 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 361:527 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 26 theme rotigotine 435:444 arg1 proportion 451:460 the proportion 447:460 the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934 447:484 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 26 theme rotigotine 435:444 arg1 concentration 418:430 the concentration 414:430 the concentration of rotigotine 414:444 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 6 27 theme rotigotine 750:759 arg1 gel 761:763 rotigotine gel 750:763 rotigotine gel 750:763 A pharmacokinetic study of rotigotine gel was performed with rabbits. 24269287 1 28 theme study 109:113 arg1 aim 97:99 The aim 93:99 The aim of this study 93:113 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 3 29 theme HPC 465:467 arg1 concentration 495:507 the concentration 491:507 the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10 491:526 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 29 theme HPC 465:467 arg1 factors 373:379 The factors 369:379 The factors chosen for factorial design 369:407 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 29 theme HPC 465:467 arg1 METHODS 361:367 METHODS 361:367 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 361:527 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 29 theme HPC 465:467 arg1 proportion 451:460 the proportion 447:460 the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934 447:484 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 29 theme HPC 465:467 arg1 concentration 418:430 the concentration 414:430 the concentration of rotigotine 414:444 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 7 30 theme optimal 930:936 arg1 composition 938:948 optimal composition 930:948 optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 930:975 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 2 31 theme Analysis 290:297 arg1 technique 299:307 the Response Surface Analysis technique 269:307 the Response Surface Analysis technique 269:307 To optimize this formulation, we applied the Response Surface Analysis technique and evaluated the gel's pharmacokinetic properties. 24269287 11 32 theme better 1377:1382 arg1 efficacy 1384:1391 better efficacy 1377:1391 better efficacy 1377:1391 The product may improve patients' compliance and provide better efficacy. 24269287 7 33 theme 5:1 972:974 arg1 composition 938:948 optimal composition 930:948 optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 930:975 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 9 34 theme response 1172:1179 arg1 technique 1198:1206 the response surface analysis technique 1168:1206 the response surface analysis technique 1168:1206 CONCLUSION A film-forming gel of rotigotine was successfully developed using the response surface analysis technique. 24269287 0 35 theme sustained-release 36:52 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of sustained-release rotigotine film-forming gel. 24269287 0 35 theme sustained-release 36:52 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of sustained-release rotigotine film-forming gel. 24269287 7 36 with % 889:889 arg1 composition 938:948 optimal composition 930:948 optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 930:975 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 9 37 theme surface 1181:1187 arg1 technique 1198:1206 the response surface analysis technique 1168:1206 the response surface analysis technique 1168:1206 CONCLUSION A film-forming gel of rotigotine was successfully developed using the response surface analysis technique. 24269287 1 38 theme Carbomer 214:221 arg1 934 223:225 Carbomer 934 214:225 Carbomer 934 214:225 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 7 39 theme 934 967:969 arg1 5:1 972:974 HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 953:975 HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 953:975 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 9 40 theme analysis 1189:1196 arg1 technique 1198:1206 the response surface analysis technique 1168:1206 the response surface analysis technique 1168:1206 CONCLUSION A film-forming gel of rotigotine was successfully developed using the response surface analysis technique. 24269287 5 41 theme accumulated 658:668 arg1 Flux 687:690 Flux 687:690 Flux 687:690 The gel formulation was evaluated and optimized according to its accumulated permeation rate (Flux) through Franz-type diffusion. 24269287 5 41 theme accumulated 658:668 arg1 rate 681:684 its accumulated permeation rate 654:684 its accumulated permeation rate (Flux) 654:691 The gel formulation was evaluated and optimized according to its accumulated permeation rate (Flux) through Franz-type diffusion. 24269287 2 42 theme pharmacokinetic 333:347 arg1 properties 349:358 the gel's pharmacokinetic properties 323:358 the gel's pharmacokinetic properties 323:358 To optimize this formulation, we applied the Response Surface Analysis technique and evaluated the gel's pharmacokinetic properties. 24269287 0 43 theme film-forming 65:76 arg1 gel 78:80 film-forming gel 65:80 film-forming gel 65:80 Preparation and characterization of sustained-release rotigotine film-forming gel. 24269287 8 44 theme formulation 1015:1025 arg1 bioavailability 982:996 The bioavailability 978:996 The bioavailability of the optimized formulation compared with intravenous administration 978:1066 The bioavailability of the optimized formulation compared with intravenous administration was approximately 20%. 24269287 8 44 theme formulation 1015:1025 arg1 % 1088:1088 approximately 20% 1072:1088 approximately 20% 1072:1088 The bioavailability of the optimized formulation compared with intravenous administration was approximately 20%. 24269287 6 45 theme pharmacokinetic 725:739 arg1 study 741:745 A pharmacokinetic study 723:745 A pharmacokinetic study of rotigotine gel 723:763 A pharmacokinetic study of rotigotine gel was performed with rabbits. 24269287 3 46 dep METHODS 361:367 arg1 concentration 495:507 the concentration 491:507 the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10 491:526 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 46 dep METHODS 361:367 arg1 factors 373:379 The factors 369:379 The factors chosen for factorial design 369:407 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 46 dep METHODS 361:367 arg1 METHODS 361:367 METHODS 361:367 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 361:527 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 46 dep METHODS 361:367 arg1 proportion 451:460 the proportion 447:460 the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934 447:484 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 46 dep METHODS 361:367 arg1 concentration 418:430 the concentration 414:430 the concentration of rotigotine 414:444 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 47 theme Carbomer 473:480 arg1 concentration 495:507 the concentration 491:507 the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10 491:526 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 47 theme Carbomer 473:480 arg1 factors 373:379 The factors 369:379 The factors chosen for factorial design 369:407 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 47 theme Carbomer 473:480 arg1 METHODS 361:367 METHODS 361:367 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 361:527 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 47 theme Carbomer 473:480 arg1 proportion 451:460 the proportion 447:460 the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934 447:484 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 47 theme Carbomer 473:480 arg1 concentration 418:430 the concentration 414:430 the concentration of rotigotine 414:444 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 7 48 with % 907:907 arg1 composition 938:948 optimal composition 930:948 optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1) 930:975 RESULTS The Flux of the optimized formulation reached the maximum (199.17 μg/cm(2)), which was 3% rotigotine and 7% ST-Elastomer 10 with optimal composition of HPC: Carbomer 934 (5:1). 24269287 5 49 theme permeation 670:679 arg1 Flux 687:690 Flux 687:690 Flux 687:690 The gel formulation was evaluated and optimized according to its accumulated permeation rate (Flux) through Franz-type diffusion. 24269287 5 49 theme permeation 670:679 arg1 rate 681:684 its accumulated permeation rate 654:684 its accumulated permeation rate (Flux) 654:691 The gel formulation was evaluated and optimized according to its accumulated permeation rate (Flux) through Franz-type diffusion. 24269287 8 50 theme intravenous 1041:1051 arg1 administration 1053:1066 intravenous administration 1041:1066 intravenous administration 1041:1066 The bioavailability of the optimized formulation compared with intravenous administration was approximately 20%. 24269287 1 51 dep OBJECTIVE 83:91 arg1 was 115:117 was 115:117 was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934 115:225 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 4 52 theme medium 576:581 arg1 levels 563:568 three levels 557:568 three levels: low, medium and high 557:590 Each factor was varied over three levels: low, medium and high. 24269287 3 53 dep HPC 465:467 arg1 934 482:484 934 482:484 934 482:484 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 1 54 theme gel 145:147 arg1 formulation 149:159 a film-forming gel formulation 130:159 a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934 130:225 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a film-forming gel formulation of rotigotine with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbomer 934. 24269287 3 55 theme ST-Elastomer 512:523 arg1 concentration 495:507 the concentration 491:507 the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10 491:526 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 55 theme ST-Elastomer 512:523 arg1 factors 373:379 The factors 369:379 The factors chosen for factorial design 369:407 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 55 theme ST-Elastomer 512:523 arg1 METHODS 361:367 METHODS 361:367 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 361:527 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 55 theme ST-Elastomer 512:523 arg1 proportion 451:460 the proportion 447:460 the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934 447:484 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 3 55 theme ST-Elastomer 512:523 arg1 concentration 418:430 the concentration 414:430 the concentration of rotigotine 414:444 METHODS The factors chosen for factorial design were the concentration of rotigotine, the proportion of HPC and Carbomer 934, and the concentration of ST-Elastomer 10. 24269287 4 56 theme high 587:590 arg1 levels 563:568 three levels 557:568 three levels: low, medium and high 557:590 Each factor was varied over three levels: low, medium and high. 29058051 9 0 dep proliferation 1685:1697 arg1 the 1681:1683 the 1681:1683 the 1681:1683 SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. 29058051 6 1 from composition 1019:1029 arg1 LFS 987:989 LFS 987:989 LFS 987:989 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 6 1 from composition 1019:1029 arg1 diet 994:997 a diet 992:997 a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow 992:1048 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 6 1 from composition 1019:1029 arg1 similar 1008:1014 similar 1008:1014 similar 1008:1014 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 8 2 theme dismutase 1571:1579 arg1 activities 1546:1555 the activities 1542:1555 the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats 1542:1651 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 3 theme proximal 1380:1387 arg1 metaphysis 1389:1398 proximal metaphysis 1380:1398 proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) 1380:1416 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 2 4 from levels 320:325 arg1 rats 378:381 ovariectomized (OVX) rats 357:381 ovariectomized (OVX) rats 357:381 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 6 5 dep METHODS 888:894 arg1 fed 947:949 fed 947:949 were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats 942:1095 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 8 6 theme catalase 1582:1589 arg1 activities 1546:1555 the activities 1542:1555 the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats 1542:1651 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 7 theme bone 1318:1321 arg1 density 1331:1337 trabecular bone mineral density 1307:1337 trabecular bone mineral density 1307:1337 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 9 8 theme reactive 1796:1803 arg1 species 1812:1818 reactive oxygen species 1796:1818 cellular reactive oxygen species levels 1787:1825 SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. 29058051 1 9 theme herbal 168:173 arg1 intervention 175:186 herbal intervention 168:186 herbal intervention 168:186 Dietary patterns may interfere with the efficacy of herbal intervention. 29058051 7 10 from decrease 1343:1350 arg1 metaphysis 1389:1398 proximal metaphysis 1380:1398 proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) 1380:1416 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 10 from decrease 1343:1350 arg1 separation 1366:1375 trabecular separation 1355:1375 trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats 1355:1465 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 10 from decrease 1343:1350 arg1 density 1331:1337 trabecular bone mineral density 1307:1337 trabecular bone mineral density 1307:1337 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 11 11 theme HFS-fed 1994:2000 arg1 rats 2006:2009 HFS-fed OVX rats 1994:2009 HFS-fed OVX rats 1994:2009 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. 29058051 6 12 theme OVX 1088:1090 arg1 rats 1092:1095 OVX rats 1088:1095 OVX rats 1088:1095 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 9 13 theme species 1812:1818 arg1 levels 1820:1825 cellular reactive oxygen species levels 1787:1825 cellular reactive oxygen species levels 1787:1825 SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. 29058051 10 14 theme SMA 1866:1868 arg1 effects 1855:1861 The protective effects 1840:1861 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism 1828:1887 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. 29058051 6 15 from similar 1008:1014 arg1 composition 1019:1029 composition 1019:1029 composition 1019:1029 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 8 16 theme peroxidase 1608:1617 arg1 activities 1546:1555 the activities 1542:1555 the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats 1542:1651 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 5 17 theme SM 830:831 arg1 supplementation 833:847 SM supplementation 830:847 SM supplementation 830:847 We hypothesized that dietary fat and sucrose levels could influence the effects of SM supplementation on bone in estrogen-deficient animals. 29058051 6 18 theme OVX 933:935 arg1 rats 937:940 Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats 896:940 rats 937:940 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 7 19 from metaphysis 1389:1398 arg1 decrease 1343:1350 decrease 1343:1350 decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats 1343:1465 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 19 from metaphysis 1389:1398 arg1 separation 1366:1375 trabecular separation 1355:1375 trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats 1355:1465 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 19 from metaphysis 1389:1398 arg1 increase 1295:1302 the increase 1291:1302 the increase in trabecular bone mineral density 1291:1337 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 11 20 theme SMA 1967:1969 arg1 ability 1956:1962 The ability 1952:1962 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats 1952:2009 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. 29058051 6 21 theme aqueous 1133:1139 arg1 SMA 1150:1152 SMA 1150:1152 SMA 1150:1152 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 6 21 theme aqueous 1133:1139 arg1 extract 1141:1147 SM aqueous extract 1130:1147 SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day) 1130:1168 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 10 22 theme bone 1873:1876 arg1 metabolism 1878:1887 bone metabolism 1873:1887 bone metabolism 1873:1887 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. 29058051 2 23 theme protective 218:227 arg1 effects 229:235 the protective effects 214:235 the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism 214:299 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 8 24 theme OVX 1644:1646 arg1 rats 1648:1651 HFS-fed OVX rats 1636:1651 HFS-fed OVX rats 1636:1651 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 1 25 theme Dietary 116:122 arg1 patterns 124:131 Dietary patterns 116:131 Dietary patterns 116:131 Dietary patterns may interfere with the efficacy of herbal intervention. 29058051 6 26 theme Six-month-old 896:908 arg1 sham 925:928 Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats 896:940 sham 925:928 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 4 27 theme dietary 675:681 arg1 patterns 683:690 dietary patterns 675:690 dietary patterns 675:690 However, dietary patterns may interfere with the effects of herbal intervention. 29058051 2 28 theme extract 268:274 arg1 effects 229:235 the protective effects 214:235 the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism 214:299 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 8 29 theme malondialdehyde 1509:1523 arg1 levels 1525:1530 malondialdehyde levels 1509:1530 malondialdehyde levels 1509:1530 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 2 30 theme miltiorrhiza 247:258 arg1 SMA 277:279 SMA 277:279 SMA 277:279 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 2 30 theme miltiorrhiza 247:258 arg1 extract 268:274 Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract 240:274 Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) 240:280 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 7 31 theme LFS-fed 1450:1456 arg1 rats 1462:1465 LFS-fed OVX rats 1450:1465 LFS-fed OVX rats 1450:1465 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 11 32 theme oxidative 2071:2079 arg1 stress 2081:2086 oxidative stress 2071:2086 oxidative stress 2071:2086 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. 29058051 0 33 theme high-saturated 68:81 arg1 diet 95:98 high-saturated fat-sucrose diet 68:98 high-saturated fat-sucrose diet 68:98 Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) protects ovariectomized rats fed with high-saturated fat-sucrose diet from bone loss. 29058051 6 34 theme low-saturated 960:972 arg1 fat-sucrose 974:984 a low-saturated fat-sucrose 958:984 a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) 958:1049 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 2 35 from deposition 424:433 arg1 rats 459:462 rats 459:462 rats 459:462 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 10 36 theme sucrose 1924:1930 arg1 levels 1932:1937 sucrose levels 1924:1937 sucrose levels in OVX rats 1924:1949 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. 29058051 8 37 dep reduced 1480:1486 arg1 improved 1533:1540 improved 1533:1540 improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats 1533:1651 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 2 38 from effects 229:235 arg1 metabolism 290:299 bone metabolism 285:299 bone metabolism 285:299 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 2 39 dep ovariectomized 357:370 arg1 OVX 373:375 OVX 373:375 OVX 373:375 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 0 40 theme bone 105:108 arg1 loss 110:113 bone loss 105:113 bone loss 105:113 Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) protects ovariectomized rats fed with high-saturated fat-sucrose diet from bone loss. 29058051 7 41 theme RESULTS 1225:1231 arg1 SMA 1233:1235 RESULTS SMA 1225:1235 RESULTS SMA 1225:1235 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 11 42 dep deposition 2056:2065 arg1 levels 2088:2093 levels 2088:2093 levels 2088:2093 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. 29058051 5 43 theme dietary 768:774 arg1 levels 792:797 dietary fat and sucrose levels 768:797 dietary fat and sucrose levels 768:797 We hypothesized that dietary fat and sucrose levels could influence the effects of SM supplementation on bone in estrogen-deficient animals. 29058051 2 44 theme lipid 418:422 arg1 deposition 424:433 lipid deposition 418:433 lipid deposition 418:433 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 0 45 theme Salvia 9:14 arg1 Danshen 0:6 Danshen 0:6 Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) 0:28 Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) protects ovariectomized rats fed with high-saturated fat-sucrose diet from bone loss. 29058051 0 45 theme Salvia 9:14 arg1 miltiorrhiza 16:27 Salvia miltiorrhiza 9:27 Salvia miltiorrhiza 9:27 Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) protects ovariectomized rats fed with high-saturated fat-sucrose diet from bone loss. 29058051 7 46 theme HFS-fed 1421:1427 arg1 rats 1433:1436 HFS-fed OVX rats 1421:1436 HFS-fed OVX rats 1421:1436 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 11 47 theme deposition 2056:2065 arg1 attenuation 2035:2045 the attenuation 2031:2045 the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels 2031:2093 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. 29058051 10 48 dep CONCLUSIONS 1828:1838 arg1 effects 1855:1861 The protective effects 1840:1861 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism 1828:1887 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. 29058051 3 49 theme human 600:604 arg1 trials 606:611 small, short human trials 587:611 small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property 587:663 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 9 50 theme in 1719:1720 arg1 proliferation 1685:1697 proliferation 1685:1697 proliferation 1685:1697 SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. 29058051 3 51 theme Salvia 478:483 arg1 treatment 562:570 an osteoporosis treatment 546:570 an osteoporosis treatment 546:570 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 3 51 theme Salvia 478:483 arg1 miltiorrhiza 485:496 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza 465:496 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) 465:501 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 3 51 theme Salvia 478:483 arg1 SM 499:500 SM 499:500 SM 499:500 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 0 52 theme ovariectomized 39:52 arg1 rats 54:57 ovariectomized rats 39:57 ovariectomized rats fed with high-saturated fat-sucrose diet 39:98 Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) protects ovariectomized rats fed with high-saturated fat-sucrose diet from bone loss. 29058051 2 53 from rats 378:381 arg1 levels 320:325 levels 320:325 levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats 320:462 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 3 54 dep small 587:591 arg1 short 594:598 short 594:598 short 594:598 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 10 55 from levels 1932:1937 arg1 rats 1946:1949 OVX rats 1942:1949 OVX rats 1942:1949 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. 29058051 9 56 theme H2O2-induced 1734:1745 arg1 model 1766:1770 an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model 1731:1770 an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model 1731:1770 SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. 29058051 2 57 theme ovariectomized 357:370 arg1 rats 378:381 ovariectomized (OVX) rats 357:381 ovariectomized (OVX) rats 357:381 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 6 58 dep SMA 1150:1152 arg1 600 mg/kg/day 1155:1167 600 mg/kg/day 1155:1167 600 mg/kg/day 1155:1167 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 9 59 theme cell 1761:1764 arg1 model 1766:1770 an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model 1731:1770 an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model 1731:1770 SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. 29058051 2 60 dep demonstrated 201:212 arg1 influenced 306:315 influenced 306:315 demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats 201:462 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 2 61 theme sucrose 346:352 arg1 levels 320:325 levels 320:325 levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats 320:462 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 6 62 theme rat 1041:1043 arg1 chow 1045:1048 normal rat chow 1034:1048 normal rat chow 1034:1048 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 8 63 theme lipid 1488:1492 arg1 deposition 1494:1503 lipid deposition 1488:1503 lipid deposition 1488:1503 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 2 64 theme bone 285:288 arg1 metabolism 290:299 bone metabolism 285:299 bone metabolism 285:299 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 8 65 theme superoxide 1560:1569 arg1 dismutase 1571:1579 superoxide dismutase 1560:1579 superoxide dismutase 1560:1579 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 66 theme trabecular 1355:1364 arg1 separation 1366:1375 trabecular separation 1355:1375 trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats 1355:1465 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 11 67 theme bone 1981:1984 arg1 loss 1986:1989 bone loss 1981:1989 bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats 1981:2009 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. 29058051 2 68 from fat 338:340 arg1 rats 378:381 ovariectomized (OVX) rats 357:381 ovariectomized (OVX) rats 357:381 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 9 69 theme cellular 1787:1794 arg1 levels 1820:1825 cellular reactive oxygen species levels 1787:1825 cellular reactive oxygen species levels 1787:1825 SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. 29058051 2 70 theme fat 338:340 arg1 levels 320:325 levels 320:325 levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats 320:462 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 9 71 dep in 1719:1720 arg1 vitro 1722:1726 vitro 1722:1726 vitro 1722:1726 SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. 29058051 11 72 theme lipid 2050:2054 arg1 deposition 2056:2065 lipid deposition 2050:2065 lipid deposition 2050:2065 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. 29058051 2 73 from sucrose 346:352 arg1 rats 378:381 ovariectomized (OVX) rats 357:381 ovariectomized (OVX) rats 357:381 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 7 74 theme mineral 1323:1329 arg1 density 1331:1337 trabecular bone mineral density 1307:1337 trabecular bone mineral density 1307:1337 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 9 75 theme oxygen 1805:1810 arg1 species 1812:1818 reactive oxygen species 1796:1818 cellular reactive oxygen species levels 1787:1825 SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. 29058051 1 76 theme intervention 175:186 arg1 efficacy 156:163 the efficacy 152:163 the efficacy of herbal intervention 152:186 Dietary patterns may interfere with the efficacy of herbal intervention. 29058051 11 77 theme OVX 2002:2004 arg1 rats 2006:2009 HFS-fed OVX rats 1994:2009 HFS-fed OVX rats 1994:2009 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. 29058051 7 78 theme trabecular 1307:1316 arg1 density 1331:1337 trabecular bone mineral density 1307:1337 trabecular bone mineral density 1307:1337 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 8 79 theme glutathione 1596:1606 arg1 peroxidase 1608:1617 glutathione peroxidase 1596:1617 glutathione peroxidase 1596:1617 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 5 80 theme sucrose 784:790 arg1 levels 792:797 dietary fat and sucrose levels 768:797 dietary fat and sucrose levels 768:797 We hypothesized that dietary fat and sucrose levels could influence the effects of SM supplementation on bone in estrogen-deficient animals. 29058051 7 81 from separation 1366:1375 arg1 rats 1433:1436 HFS-fed OVX rats 1421:1436 HFS-fed OVX rats 1421:1436 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 81 from separation 1366:1375 arg1 rats 1462:1465 LFS-fed OVX rats 1450:1465 LFS-fed OVX rats 1450:1465 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 3 82 from improvements 635:646 arg1 property 656:663 bone property 651:663 bone property 651:663 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 10 83 theme protective 1844:1853 arg1 effects 1855:1861 The protective effects 1840:1861 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism 1828:1887 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. 29058051 3 84 theme osteoporosis 549:560 arg1 treatment 562:570 an osteoporosis treatment 546:570 an osteoporosis treatment 546:570 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 3 84 theme osteoporosis 549:560 arg1 miltiorrhiza 485:496 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza 465:496 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) 465:501 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 6 85 dep treated 1102:1108 arg1 rats/group 1113:1122 8 rats/group 1111:1122 8 rats/group 1111:1122 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 5 86 theme estrogen-deficient 860:877 arg1 animals 879:885 estrogen-deficient animals 860:885 estrogen-deficient animals 860:885 We hypothesized that dietary fat and sucrose levels could influence the effects of SM supplementation on bone in estrogen-deficient animals. 29058051 6 87 theme Sprague-Dawley 910:923 arg1 sham 925:928 Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats 896:940 sham 925:928 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 6 88 theme SM 1130:1131 arg1 SMA 1150:1152 SMA 1150:1152 SMA 1150:1152 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 6 88 theme SM 1130:1131 arg1 extract 1141:1147 SM aqueous extract 1130:1147 SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day) 1130:1168 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 8 89 theme HFS-fed 1636:1642 arg1 rats 1648:1651 HFS-fed OVX rats 1636:1651 HFS-fed OVX rats 1636:1651 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 90 from increase 1295:1302 arg1 metaphysis 1389:1398 proximal metaphysis 1380:1398 proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) 1380:1416 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 90 from increase 1295:1302 arg1 separation 1366:1375 trabecular separation 1355:1375 trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats 1355:1465 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 90 from increase 1295:1302 arg1 density 1331:1337 trabecular bone mineral density 1307:1337 trabecular bone mineral density 1307:1337 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 91 theme OVX 1458:1460 arg1 rats 1462:1465 LFS-fed OVX rats 1450:1465 LFS-fed OVX rats 1450:1465 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 7 92 theme bone 1260:1263 arg1 properties 1265:1274 bone properties 1260:1274 bone properties 1260:1274 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 10 93 theme dietary 1908:1914 arg1 fat 1916:1918 dietary fat 1908:1918 dietary fat 1908:1918 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. 29058051 2 94 theme aqueous 260:266 arg1 SMA 277:279 SMA 277:279 SMA 277:279 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 2 94 theme aqueous 260:266 arg1 extract 268:274 Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract 240:274 Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) 240:280 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 8 95 theme rats 1648:1651 arg1 livers 1626:1631 the livers 1622:1631 the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats 1622:1651 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 5 96 theme supplementation 833:847 arg1 effects 819:825 the effects 815:825 the effects of SM supplementation on bone 815:855 We hypothesized that dietary fat and sucrose levels could influence the effects of SM supplementation on bone in estrogen-deficient animals. 29058051 0 97 theme fat-sucrose 83:93 arg1 diet 95:98 high-saturated fat-sucrose diet 68:98 high-saturated fat-sucrose diet 68:98 Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) protects ovariectomized rats fed with high-saturated fat-sucrose diet from bone loss. 29058051 10 98 from effects 1855:1861 arg1 metabolism 1878:1887 bone metabolism 1873:1887 bone metabolism 1873:1887 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. 29058051 5 99 from effects 819:825 arg1 bone 852:855 bone 852:855 bone 852:855 We hypothesized that dietary fat and sucrose levels could influence the effects of SM supplementation on bone in estrogen-deficient animals. 29058051 6 100 theme fat-sucrose 974:984 arg1 diet 1079:1082 a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet 958:1082 a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet 958:1082 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 11 101 theme stress 2081:2086 arg1 attenuation 2035:2045 the attenuation 2031:2045 the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels 2031:2093 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. 29058051 6 102 dep fat-sucrose 974:984 arg1 LFS 987:989 LFS 987:989 LFS 987:989 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 6 102 dep fat-sucrose 974:984 arg1 diet 994:997 a diet 992:997 a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow 992:1048 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 6 102 dep fat-sucrose 974:984 arg1 similar 1008:1014 similar 1008:1014 similar 1008:1014 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 2 103 from stress 449:454 arg1 rats 459:462 rats 459:462 rats 459:462 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 6 104 theme normal 1034:1039 arg1 chow 1045:1048 normal rat chow 1034:1048 normal rat chow 1034:1048 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 5 105 theme fat 776:778 arg1 levels 792:797 dietary fat and sucrose levels 768:797 dietary fat and sucrose levels 768:797 We hypothesized that dietary fat and sucrose levels could influence the effects of SM supplementation on bone in estrogen-deficient animals. 29058051 2 106 theme Salvia 240:245 arg1 SMA 277:279 SMA 277:279 SMA 277:279 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 2 106 theme Salvia 240:245 arg1 extract 268:274 Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract 240:274 Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) 240:280 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 4 107 theme herbal 726:731 arg1 intervention 733:744 herbal intervention 726:744 herbal intervention 726:744 However, dietary patterns may interfere with the effects of herbal intervention. 29058051 8 108 from activities 1546:1555 arg1 livers 1626:1631 the livers 1622:1631 the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats 1622:1651 SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 10 109 from fat 1916:1918 arg1 rats 1946:1949 OVX rats 1942:1949 OVX rats 1942:1949 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. 29058051 7 110 theme OVX 1429:1431 arg1 rats 1433:1436 HFS-fed OVX rats 1421:1436 HFS-fed OVX rats 1421:1436 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 10 111 theme OVX 1942:1944 arg1 rats 1946:1949 OVX rats 1942:1949 OVX rats 1942:1949 CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. 29058051 11 112 from loss 1986:1989 arg1 rats 2006:2009 HFS-fed OVX rats 1994:2009 HFS-fed OVX rats 1994:2009 The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. 29058051 3 113 theme small 587:591 arg1 trials 606:611 small, short human trials 587:611 small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property 587:663 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 2 114 theme oxidative 439:447 arg1 stress 449:454 oxidative stress 439:454 oxidative stress 439:454 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 2 115 theme dietary 330:336 arg1 fat 338:340 dietary fat 330:340 dietary fat 330:340 Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. 29058051 6 116 theme high-fat-sucrose 1056:1071 arg1 diet 1079:1082 a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet 958:1082 a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet 958:1082 METHODS Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. 29058051 3 117 theme trials 606:611 arg1 series 577:582 a series 575:582 a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property 575:663 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 4 118 theme intervention 733:744 arg1 effects 715:721 the effects 711:721 the effects of herbal intervention 711:744 However, dietary patterns may interfere with the effects of herbal intervention. 29058051 3 119 theme INTRODUCTION 465:476 arg1 treatment 562:570 an osteoporosis treatment 546:570 an osteoporosis treatment 546:570 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 3 119 theme INTRODUCTION 465:476 arg1 miltiorrhiza 485:496 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza 465:496 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) 465:501 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 3 119 theme INTRODUCTION 465:476 arg1 SM 499:500 SM 499:500 SM 499:500 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 29058051 7 120 theme tibia 1407:1411 arg1 metaphysis 1389:1398 proximal metaphysis 1380:1398 proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) 1380:1416 RESULTS SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. 29058051 9 121 theme preosteoblast 1747:1759 arg1 model 1766:1770 an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model 1731:1770 an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model 1731:1770 SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. 29058051 3 122 theme bone 651:654 arg1 property 656:663 bone property 651:663 bone property 651:663 INTRODUCTION Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. 28989765 7 0 theme shells 1048:1053 arg1 properties 1026:1035 mechanical properties 1015:1035 mechanical properties of bivalve shells 1015:1053 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 7 1 theme crystallographic 899:914 arg1 directions 916:925 anisotropic crystallographic directions 887:925 anisotropic crystallographic directions 887:925 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 7 2 theme modulus 975:981 arg1 anisotropy 949:958 anisotropy 949:958 anisotropy of the Young's modulus 949:981 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 2 3 theme unglycosylated 335:348 arg1 proteins 350:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 2 3 theme unglycosylated 335:348 arg1 organics 284:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 5 4 theme strong 696:701 arg1 texture 709:715 a strong fibre texture 694:715 a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface 694:786 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface. 28989765 2 5 theme wt 280:281 arg1 organics 284:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 2 5 theme wt 280:281 arg1 polysaccharides 301:315 polysaccharides 301:315 polysaccharides 301:315 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 2 5 theme wt 280:281 arg1 lipids 363:368 lipids 363:368 lipids 363:368 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 2 5 theme wt 280:281 arg1 proteins 350:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 5 6 theme fibre 703:707 arg1 texture 709:715 a strong fibre texture 694:715 a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface 694:786 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface. 28989765 7 7 theme Young 967:971 arg1 modulus 975:981 the Young's modulus 963:981 the Young's modulus 963:981 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 5 8 theme Electron 646:653 arg1 analysis 679:686 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis 646:686 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis 646:686 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface. 28989765 6 9 theme [010 814:817 arg1 axes 820:823 The aragonitic [100] and [010] axes 789:823 axes 820:823 The aragonitic [100] and [010] axes are oriented randomly around [001]. 28989765 5 10 with texture 709:715 arg1 axes 732:735 the [001] axes 722:735 the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface 722:786 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface. 28989765 1 11 theme crossed 136:142 arg1 microstructure 153:166 a crossed lamellar microstructure 134:166 a crossed lamellar microstructure consisting of three hierarchical lamellar structural orders 134:226 Tridacna derasa shells show a crossed lamellar microstructure consisting of three hierarchical lamellar structural orders. 28989765 5 12 theme backscatter 655:665 arg1 analysis 679:686 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis 646:686 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis 646:686 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface. 28989765 1 13 theme lamellar 144:151 arg1 microstructure 153:166 a crossed lamellar microstructure 134:166 a crossed lamellar microstructure consisting of three hierarchical lamellar structural orders 134:226 Tridacna derasa shells show a crossed lamellar microstructure consisting of three hierarchical lamellar structural orders. 28989765 5 14 theme diffraction 667:677 arg1 analysis 679:686 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis 646:686 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis 646:686 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface. 28989765 3 15 theme Transmission 426:437 arg1 microscopy 448:457 Transmission electron microscopy 426:457 Transmission electron microscopy 426:457 Transmission electron microscopy shows nanometre-sized grains with irregular grain boundaries and abundant voids. 28989765 3 16 theme electron 439:446 arg1 microscopy 448:457 Transmission electron microscopy 426:457 Transmission electron microscopy 426:457 Transmission electron microscopy shows nanometre-sized grains with irregular grain boundaries and abundant voids. 28989765 0 17 theme bivalve 33:39 arg1 shells 41:46 crossed-lamellar bivalve shells 16:46 crossed-lamellar bivalve shells 16:46 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 28989765 6 18 theme aragonitic 793:802 arg1 [100 804:807 The aragonitic [100] and [010] axes 789:823 [100 804:807 The aragonitic [100] and [010] axes are oriented randomly around [001]. 28989765 0 19 dep clam 68:71 arg1 Röding 91:96 Röding 91:96 Röding 91:96 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 28989765 0 19 dep clam 68:71 arg1 derasa 83:88 derasa 83:88 derasa 83:88 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 28989765 0 20 theme crossed-lamellar 16:31 arg1 shells 41:46 crossed-lamellar bivalve shells 16:46 crossed-lamellar bivalve shells 16:46 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 28989765 3 21 with grains 481:486 arg1 boundaries 509:518 irregular grain boundaries 493:518 irregular grain boundaries 493:518 Transmission electron microscopy shows nanometre-sized grains with irregular grain boundaries and abundant voids. 28989765 3 21 with grains 481:486 arg1 voids 533:537 abundant voids 524:537 abundant voids 524:537 Transmission electron microscopy shows nanometre-sized grains with irregular grain boundaries and abundant voids. 28989765 2 22 theme % 282:282 arg1 organics 284:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 2 22 theme % 282:282 arg1 polysaccharides 301:315 polysaccharides 301:315 polysaccharides 301:315 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 2 22 theme % 282:282 arg1 lipids 363:368 lipids 363:368 lipids 363:368 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 2 22 theme % 282:282 arg1 proteins 350:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 3 23 theme irregular 493:501 arg1 boundaries 509:518 irregular grain boundaries 493:518 irregular grain boundaries 493:518 Transmission electron microscopy shows nanometre-sized grains with irregular grain boundaries and abundant voids. 28989765 3 24 theme abundant 524:531 arg1 voids 533:537 abundant voids 524:537 abundant voids 524:537 Transmission electron microscopy shows nanometre-sized grains with irregular grain boundaries and abundant voids. 28989765 2 25 gly unglycosylated 335:348 arg1 proteins 350:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 2 25 gly unglycosylated 335:348 arg1 organics 284:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 3 26 theme nanometre-sized 465:479 arg1 grains 481:486 nanometre-sized grains 465:486 nanometre-sized grains with irregular grain boundaries and abundant voids 465:537 Transmission electron microscopy shows nanometre-sized grains with irregular grain boundaries and abundant voids. 28989765 1 27 theme hierarchical 188:199 arg1 orders 221:226 three hierarchical lamellar structural orders 182:226 three hierarchical lamellar structural orders 182:226 Tridacna derasa shells show a crossed lamellar microstructure consisting of three hierarchical lamellar structural orders. 28989765 0 28 theme shells 41:46 arg1 Architecture 0:11 Architecture 0:11 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 0:104 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 28989765 5 29 theme aragonite 740:748 arg1 axes 732:735 the [001] axes 722:735 the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface 722:786 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface. 28989765 2 30 dep transform 393:401 arg1 infrared 403:410 infrared 403:410 transform infrared spectrometry 393:423 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 7 31 theme properties 1026:1035 arg1 optimization 999:1010 the optimization 995:1010 the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells 995:1053 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 1 32 theme lamellar 201:208 arg1 orders 221:226 three hierarchical lamellar structural orders 182:226 three hierarchical lamellar structural orders 182:226 Tridacna derasa shells show a crossed lamellar microstructure consisting of three hierarchical lamellar structural orders. 28989765 0 33 theme southern 53:60 arg1 clam 68:71 the southern giant clam 49:71 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 0:104 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 28989765 2 34 gly glycosylated 318:329 arg1 proteins 350:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 2 34 gly glycosylated 318:329 arg1 organics 284:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 4 35 theme spatial 572:578 arg1 scales 580:585 all spatial scales 568:585 all spatial scales 568:585 Twinning is observed across all spatial scales and results in a spread of the crystal orientation angles. 28989765 2 36 theme glycosylated 318:329 arg1 proteins 350:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins 318:357 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 2 36 theme glycosylated 318:329 arg1 organics 284:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 0.9 wt% organics 276:291 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 0 37 dep Architecture 0:11 arg1 clam 68:71 the southern giant clam 49:71 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 0:104 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 28989765 7 38 theme bivalve 1040:1046 arg1 shells 1048:1053 bivalve shells 1040:1053 bivalve shells 1040:1053 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 7 39 from orientation 872:882 arg1 plane 935:939 this plane 930:939 this plane 930:939 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 7 40 theme mechanical 1015:1024 arg1 properties 1026:1035 mechanical properties 1015:1035 mechanical properties of bivalve shells 1015:1053 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 3 41 theme grain 503:507 arg1 boundaries 509:518 irregular grain boundaries 493:518 irregular grain boundaries 493:518 Transmission electron microscopy shows nanometre-sized grains with irregular grain boundaries and abundant voids. 28989765 1 42 theme structural 210:219 arg1 orders 221:226 three hierarchical lamellar structural orders 182:226 three hierarchical lamellar structural orders 182:226 Tridacna derasa shells show a crossed lamellar microstructure consisting of three hierarchical lamellar structural orders. 28989765 5 43 theme [001 726:729 arg1 axes 732:735 the [001] axes 722:735 the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface 722:786 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface. 28989765 7 44 theme random 865:870 arg1 orientation 872:882 The random orientation 861:882 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane 861:939 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 1 45 theme Tridacna 106:113 arg1 shells 122:127 Tridacna derasa shells 106:127 Tridacna derasa shells 106:127 Tridacna derasa shells show a crossed lamellar microstructure consisting of three hierarchical lamellar structural orders. 28989765 7 46 theme directions 916:925 arg1 orientation 872:882 The random orientation 861:882 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane 861:939 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 4 47 theme crystal 618:624 arg1 angles 638:643 the crystal orientation angles 614:643 the crystal orientation angles 614:643 Twinning is observed across all spatial scales and results in a spread of the crystal orientation angles. 28989765 5 48 theme shell 774:778 arg1 surface 780:786 the shell surface 770:786 the shell surface 770:786 Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows a strong fibre texture with the [001] axes of aragonite aligned radially to the shell surface. 28989765 2 49 dep Fourier 385:391 arg1 transform 393:401 transform 393:401 transform infrared spectrometry 393:423 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 1 50 theme derasa 115:120 arg1 shells 122:127 Tridacna derasa shells 106:127 Tridacna derasa shells 106:127 Tridacna derasa shells show a crossed lamellar microstructure consisting of three hierarchical lamellar structural orders. 28989765 0 51 theme giant 62:66 arg1 clam 68:71 the southern giant clam 49:71 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 0:104 Architecture of crossed-lamellar bivalve shells: the southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa, Röding, 1798). 28989765 2 52 theme mineral 233:239 arg1 part 241:244 The mineral part 229:244 The mineral part 229:244 The mineral part is intimately intergrown with 0.9 wt% organics, namely polysaccharides, glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins and lipids, identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 28989765 4 53 theme orientation 626:636 arg1 angles 638:643 the crystal orientation angles 614:643 the crystal orientation angles 614:643 Twinning is observed across all spatial scales and results in a spread of the crystal orientation angles. 28989765 7 54 theme anisotropic 887:897 arg1 directions 916:925 anisotropic crystallographic directions 887:925 anisotropic crystallographic directions 887:925 The random orientation of anisotropic crystallographic directions in this plane reduces anisotropy of the Young's modulus and adds to the optimization of mechanical properties of bivalve shells. 28989765 4 55 theme angles 638:643 arg1 spread 604:609 a spread 602:609 a spread of the crystal orientation angles 602:643 Twinning is observed across all spatial scales and results in a spread of the crystal orientation angles. 28235823 5 0 theme seed 985:988 arg1 composition 990:1000 the altered seed composition 973:1000 the altered seed composition 973:1000 We hypothesize that the translocation is responsible for the altered seed composition by disrupting a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog. 28235823 2 1 theme dry 510:512 arg1 basis 521:525 dry matter basis 510:525 dry matter basis 510:525 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 1 2 from tool 163:166 arg1 species 181:187 many crop species 171:187 many crop species 171:187 Mutagenesis is a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery. 28235823 1 3 theme trait 233:237 arg1 improvement 239:249 trait improvement 233:249 trait improvement 233:249 Mutagenesis is a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery. 28235823 2 4 dep oil 497:499 arg1 % 505:505 8.5% 502:505 8.5% on dry matter basis 502:525 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 6 5 theme developing 1181:1190 arg1 seeds 1192:1196 developing seeds 1181:1196 developing seeds 1181:1196 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 2 6 theme neutron 322:328 arg1 population 342:351 a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 307:351 a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 307:351 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 4 7 theme composition 844:854 arg1 phenotype 856:864 the seed composition phenotype 835:864 the seed composition phenotype 835:864 In a backcross population, the translocation perfectly cosegregated with the seed composition phenotype and exhibited non-Mendelian segregation patterns. 28235823 7 8 theme new 1224:1226 arg1 directions 1237:1246 new research directions 1224:1246 new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition 1224:1331 This finding may lead to new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition. 28235823 4 9 theme backcross 767:775 arg1 population 777:786 a backcross population 765:786 a backcross population 765:786 In a backcross population, the translocation perfectly cosegregated with the seed composition phenotype and exhibited non-Mendelian segregation patterns. 28235823 2 10 theme wild 543:546 arg1 type 548:551 wild type 543:551 wild type 543:551 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 6 11 theme fatty 1095:1099 arg1 enzyme 1116:1121 a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme 1088:1121 a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds 1088:1196 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 6 11 theme fatty 1095:1099 arg1 KASI 1080:1083 KASI 1080:1083 KASI 1080:1083 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 4 12 theme segregation 894:904 arg1 patterns 906:913 non-Mendelian segregation patterns 880:913 non-Mendelian segregation patterns 880:913 In a backcross population, the translocation perfectly cosegregated with the seed composition phenotype and exhibited non-Mendelian segregation patterns. 28235823 4 13 theme seed 839:842 arg1 phenotype 856:864 the seed composition phenotype 835:864 the seed composition phenotype 835:864 In a backcross population, the translocation perfectly cosegregated with the seed composition phenotype and exhibited non-Mendelian segregation patterns. 28235823 5 14 theme β-ketoacyl-[acyl 1018:1033 arg1 synthase 1052:1059 a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 1016:1061 a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog 1016:1077 We hypothesize that the translocation is responsible for the altered seed composition by disrupting a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog. 28235823 5 14 theme β-ketoacyl-[acyl 1018:1033 arg1 KASI 1064:1067 KASI 1064:1067 KASI 1064:1067 We hypothesize that the translocation is responsible for the altered seed composition by disrupting a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog. 28235823 2 15 dep sucrose 429:435 arg1 % 441:441 8.1% 438:441 8.1% on dry matter basis 438:461 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 6 16 theme core 1090:1093 arg1 enzyme 1116:1121 a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme 1088:1121 a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds 1088:1196 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 6 16 theme core 1090:1093 arg1 KASI 1080:1083 KASI 1080:1083 KASI 1080:1083 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 1 17 theme gene 255:258 arg1 discovery 260:268 gene discovery 255:268 gene discovery 255:268 Mutagenesis is a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery. 28235823 5 18 theme carrier 1035:1041 arg1 synthase 1052:1059 a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 1016:1061 a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog 1016:1077 We hypothesize that the translocation is responsible for the altered seed composition by disrupting a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog. 28235823 5 18 theme carrier 1035:1041 arg1 KASI 1064:1067 KASI 1064:1067 KASI 1064:1067 We hypothesize that the translocation is responsible for the altered seed composition by disrupting a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog. 28235823 1 19 theme useful 156:161 arg1 Mutagenesis 139:149 Mutagenesis 139:149 Mutagenesis 139:149 Mutagenesis is a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery. 28235823 1 19 theme useful 156:161 arg1 tool 163:166 a useful tool 154:166 a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery 154:268 Mutagenesis is a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery. 28235823 2 20 theme matter 450:455 arg1 basis 457:461 dry matter basis 446:461 dry matter basis 446:461 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 3 21 theme comparative 587:597 arg1 hybridization 607:619 comparative genomic hybridization 587:619 comparative genomic hybridization 587:619 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 5 22 theme synthase 1052:1059 arg1 ortholog 1070:1077 a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog 1016:1077 a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog 1016:1077 We hypothesize that the translocation is responsible for the altered seed composition by disrupting a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog. 28235823 6 23 from oil 1174:1176 arg1 seeds 1192:1196 developing seeds 1181:1196 developing seeds 1181:1196 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 7 24 theme research 1228:1235 arg1 directions 1237:1246 new research directions 1224:1246 new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition 1224:1331 This finding may lead to new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition. 28235823 0 25 theme Induced 3:9 arg1 Translocation 23:35 An Induced Chromosomal Translocation 0:35 An Induced Chromosomal Translocation in Soybean 0:46 An Induced Chromosomal Translocation in Soybean Disrupts a KASI Ortholog and Is Associated with a High-Sucrose and Low-Oil Seed Phenotype. 28235823 3 26 theme genomic 599:605 arg1 hybridization 607:619 comparative genomic hybridization 587:619 comparative genomic hybridization 587:619 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 4 27 theme non-Mendelian 880:892 arg1 patterns 906:913 non-Mendelian segregation patterns 880:913 non-Mendelian segregation patterns 880:913 In a backcross population, the translocation perfectly cosegregated with the seed composition phenotype and exhibited non-Mendelian segregation patterns. 28235823 7 28 theme seed 1316:1319 arg1 composition 1321:1331 modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition 1286:1331 composition 1321:1331 This finding may lead to new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition. 28235823 2 29 theme population 342:351 arg1 screening 294:302 forward screening 286:302 forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 286:351 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 30 from % 505:505 arg1 basis 521:525 dry matter basis 510:525 dry matter basis 510:525 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 31 theme matter 514:519 arg1 basis 521:525 dry matter basis 510:525 dry matter basis 510:525 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 32 theme forward 286:292 arg1 screening 294:302 forward screening 286:302 forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 286:351 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 1 33 theme many 171:174 arg1 species 181:187 many crop species 171:187 many crop species 171:187 Mutagenesis is a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery. 28235823 0 34 theme Low-Oil 115:121 arg1 Phenotype 128:136 a High-Sucrose and Low-Oil Seed Phenotype 96:136 Phenotype 128:136 An Induced Chromosomal Translocation in Soybean Disrupts a KASI Ortholog and Is Associated with a High-Sucrose and Low-Oil Seed Phenotype. 28235823 3 35 theme reciprocal 707:716 arg1 translocation 718:730 a reciprocal translocation 705:730 a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13 705:759 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 1 36 theme crop 176:179 arg1 species 181:187 many crop species 171:187 many crop species 171:187 Mutagenesis is a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery. 28235823 0 37 theme Chromosomal 11:21 arg1 Translocation 23:35 An Induced Chromosomal Translocation 0:35 An Induced Chromosomal Translocation in Soybean 0:46 An Induced Chromosomal Translocation in Soybean Disrupts a KASI Ortholog and Is Associated with a High-Sucrose and Low-Oil Seed Phenotype. 28235823 2 38 from % 441:441 arg1 basis 457:461 dry matter basis 446:461 dry matter basis 446:461 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 7 39 theme oil 1312:1314 arg1 composition 1321:1331 modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition 1286:1331 composition 1321:1331 This finding may lead to new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition. 28235823 3 40 theme genome 626:631 arg1 resequencing 633:644 genome resequencing 626:644 genome resequencing 626:644 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 7 41 theme modified 1286:1293 arg1 carbohydrate 1295:1306 modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition 1286:1331 carbohydrate 1295:1306 This finding may lead to new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition. 28235823 2 42 theme mutant 335:340 arg1 population 342:351 a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 307:351 a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 307:351 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 43 theme sucrose 429:435 arg1 oil 497:499 oil 497:499 oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) 497:526 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 43 theme sucrose 429:435 arg1 sucrose 429:435 sucrose 429:435 sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) 429:462 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 43 theme sucrose 429:435 arg1 amount 487:492 the amount 483:492 less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) 468:526 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 43 theme sucrose 429:435 arg1 amount 419:424 nearly twice the amount 402:424 nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) 402:462 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 0 44 theme Seed 123:126 arg1 Phenotype 128:136 a High-Sucrose and Low-Oil Seed Phenotype 96:136 Phenotype 128:136 An Induced Chromosomal Translocation in Soybean Disrupts a KASI Ortholog and Is Associated with a High-Sucrose and Low-Oil Seed Phenotype. 28235823 7 45 with cultivars 1271:1279 arg1 composition 1321:1331 modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition 1286:1331 composition 1321:1331 This finding may lead to new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition. 28235823 7 45 with cultivars 1271:1279 arg1 carbohydrate 1295:1306 modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition 1286:1331 carbohydrate 1295:1306 This finding may lead to new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition. 28235823 5 46 theme protein 1043:1049 arg1 synthase 1052:1059 a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 1016:1061 a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog 1016:1077 We hypothesize that the translocation is responsible for the altered seed composition by disrupting a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog. 28235823 5 46 theme protein 1043:1049 arg1 KASI 1064:1067 KASI 1064:1067 KASI 1064:1067 We hypothesize that the translocation is responsible for the altered seed composition by disrupting a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog. 28235823 2 47 theme fast 317:320 arg1 population 342:351 a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 307:351 a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 307:351 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 48 theme less 468:471 arg1 sucrose 429:435 sucrose 429:435 sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) 429:462 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 48 theme less 468:471 arg1 oil 497:499 oil 497:499 oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) 497:526 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 48 theme less 468:471 arg1 amount 487:492 the amount 483:492 less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) 468:526 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 49 theme oil 497:499 arg1 oil 497:499 oil 497:499 oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) 497:526 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 49 theme oil 497:499 arg1 sucrose 429:435 sucrose 429:435 sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) 429:462 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 49 theme oil 497:499 arg1 amount 487:492 the amount 483:492 less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) 468:526 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 2 49 theme oil 497:499 arg1 amount 419:424 nearly twice the amount 402:424 nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) 402:462 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 3 50 theme segregant 561:569 arg1 BSA 581:583 BSA 581:583 BSA 581:583 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 3 50 theme segregant 561:569 arg1 analysis 571:578 Bulked segregant analysis 554:578 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) 554:584 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 6 51 theme sucrose 1161:1167 arg1 conversion 1147:1156 the conversion 1143:1156 the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds 1143:1196 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 2 52 theme soybean 309:315 arg1 population 342:351 a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 307:351 a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 307:351 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 3 53 used used 651:654 arg2 analysis 571:578 Bulked segregant analysis 554:578 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) 554:584 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 3 53 used used 651:654 arg2 hybridization 607:619 comparative genomic hybridization 587:619 comparative genomic hybridization 587:619 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 3 53 used used 651:654 arg2 BSA 581:583 BSA 581:583 BSA 581:583 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 3 53 used used 651:654 arg2 resequencing 633:644 genome resequencing 626:644 genome resequencing 626:644 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 1 54 theme heritable 199:207 arg1 variability 217:227 heritable genetic variability 199:227 heritable genetic variability 199:227 Mutagenesis is a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery. 28235823 5 55 theme altered 977:983 arg1 composition 990:1000 the altered seed composition 973:1000 the altered seed composition 973:1000 We hypothesize that the translocation is responsible for the altered seed composition by disrupting a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog. 28235823 7 56 theme soybean 1263:1269 arg1 cultivars 1271:1279 soybean cultivars 1263:1279 soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition 1263:1331 This finding may lead to new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition. 28235823 1 57 theme genetic 209:215 arg1 variability 217:227 heritable genetic variability 199:227 heritable genetic variability 199:227 Mutagenesis is a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery. 28235823 2 58 theme dry 446:448 arg1 basis 457:461 dry matter basis 446:461 dry matter basis 446:461 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 3 59 theme Bulked 554:559 arg1 BSA 581:583 BSA 581:583 BSA 581:583 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 3 59 theme Bulked 554:559 arg1 analysis 571:578 Bulked segregant analysis 554:578 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) 554:584 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 6 60 theme synthesis 1106:1114 arg1 enzyme 1116:1121 a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme 1088:1121 a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds 1088:1196 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 6 60 theme synthesis 1106:1114 arg1 KASI 1080:1083 KASI 1080:1083 KASI 1080:1083 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 3 61 theme seed 673:676 arg1 phenotype 690:698 the seed composition phenotype 669:698 the seed composition phenotype 669:698 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 28235823 0 62 theme KASI 59:62 arg1 Ortholog 64:71 a KASI Ortholog 57:71 a KASI Ortholog 57:71 An Induced Chromosomal Translocation in Soybean Disrupts a KASI Ortholog and Is Associated with a High-Sucrose and Low-Oil Seed Phenotype. 28235823 0 63 from Translocation 23:35 arg1 Soybean 40:46 Soybean 40:46 Soybean 40:46 An Induced Chromosomal Translocation in Soybean Disrupts a KASI Ortholog and Is Associated with a High-Sucrose and Low-Oil Seed Phenotype. 28235823 6 64 theme acid 1101:1104 arg1 enzyme 1116:1121 a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme 1088:1121 a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds 1088:1196 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 6 64 theme acid 1101:1104 arg1 KASI 1080:1083 KASI 1080:1083 KASI 1080:1083 KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. 28235823 2 65 theme FN 331:332 arg1 population 342:351 a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 307:351 a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population 307:351 In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. 28235823 3 66 theme composition 678:688 arg1 phenotype 690:698 the seed composition phenotype 669:698 the seed composition phenotype 669:698 Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. 27335351 0 0 theme Localization 39:50 arg1 Analyses 52:59 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses 0:59 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 0:76 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 Strongly Indicate that trans-Golgi Compartments Participate in the Golgi to Plastid Traffic of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases in Rice. 27335351 0 1 from Traffic 162:168 arg1 Rice 222:225 Rice 222:225 Rice 222:225 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 Strongly Indicate that trans-Golgi Compartments Participate in the Golgi to Plastid Traffic of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases in Rice. 27335351 6 2 theme microscopy 1531:1540 arg1 analyses 1542:1549 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses 1443:1549 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP 1443:1653 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 1 3 theme distributed 292:302 arg1 pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 239:272 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 228:272 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) 228:279 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 1 3 theme distributed 292:302 arg1 enzymes 319:325 widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes 285:325 widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars 285:410 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 2 4 theme -Golgi 635:640 arg1 system 642:647 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system 605:647 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast 605:666 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 5 5 dep Golgi 1333:1337 arg1 traffic 1339:1345 traffic 1339:1345 traffic 1339:1345 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 4 6 theme plastidial 1124:1133 arg1 NPP6 1115:1118 NPP6 1115:1118 NPP6 1115:1118 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 4 6 theme plastidial 1124:1133 arg1 proteins 1135:1142 plastidial proteins 1124:1142 plastidial proteins 1124:1142 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 4 6 theme plastidial 1124:1133 arg1 NPP2 1106:1109 NPP2 1106:1109 NPP2 1106:1109 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 0 7 theme Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases 184:217 arg1 Traffic 162:168 Traffic 162:168 Traffic 162:168 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 Strongly Indicate that trans-Golgi Compartments Participate in the Golgi to Plastid Traffic of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases in Rice. 27335351 5 8 theme dominant 1256:1263 arg1 mutant 1274:1279 a dominant negative mutant 1254:1279 a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment 1254:1440 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 5 8 theme dominant 1256:1263 arg1 ARF1 1242:1245 ARF1 1242:1245 ARF1(Q71L) 1242:1251 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 0 9 theme N-Glycomic 0:9 arg1 Analyses 52:59 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses 0:59 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 0:76 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 Strongly Indicate that trans-Golgi Compartments Participate in the Golgi to Plastid Traffic of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases in Rice. 27335351 6 10 theme marker 1615:1620 arg1 sialyltransferase 1622:1638 the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase 1599:1638 the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP 1599:1653 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 4 11 theme cells 1018:1022 arg1 observation 1003:1013 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation 970:1013 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) 970:1090 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 6 12 theme membrane 1705:1712 arg1 vesicles 1714:1721 Golgi-derived membrane vesicles 1691:1721 Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo 1691:1732 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 2 13 theme reticulum 621:629 arg1 system 642:647 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system 605:647 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast 605:666 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 2 14 from pathway 690:696 arg1 cells 706:710 rice cells 701:710 rice cells 701:710 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 3 15 theme Computer-assisted 810:826 arg1 analyses 828:835 Computer-assisted analyses 810:835 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 810:918 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs predicted all NPPs to be secretory glycoproteins. 27335351 7 16 theme fucose 1910:1915 arg1 residues 1928:1935 fucose and xylose residues 1910:1935 fucose and xylose residues 1910:1935 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 6 17 theme vesicles 1714:1721 arg1 contact 1680:1686 contact 1680:1686 contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo 1680:1732 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 4 18 theme fluorescence 979:990 arg1 microscopy 992:1001 Confocal fluorescence microscopy 970:1001 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) 970:1090 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 2 19 theme N-glycan 728:735 arg1 composition 737:747 N-glycan composition 728:747 N-glycan composition 728:747 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 3 20 theme sequences 855:863 arg1 analyses 828:835 Computer-assisted analyses 810:835 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 810:918 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs predicted all NPPs to be secretory glycoproteins. 27335351 8 21 theme plastid 2100:2106 arg1 trafficking 2108:2118 plastid trafficking 2100:2118 plastid trafficking 2100:2118 The overall data strongly indicate that the trans-Golgi compartments participate in the Golgi to plastid trafficking and targeting mechanism of NPPs. 27335351 3 22 theme NPP-encoding 901:912 arg1 cDNAs 914:918 different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 878:918 different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 878:918 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs predicted all NPPs to be secretory glycoproteins. 27335351 2 23 theme other 781:785 arg1 NPPs 787:790 other NPPs 781:790 other NPPs 781:790 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 3 24 theme amino 844:848 arg1 sequences 855:863 the amino acid sequences 840:863 the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 840:918 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs predicted all NPPs to be secretory glycoproteins. 27335351 6 25 theme microscopy 1467:1476 arg1 analyses 1542:1549 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses 1443:1549 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP 1443:1653 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 4 26 theme fluorescent 1066:1076 arg1 GFP 1087:1089 GFP 1087:1089 GFP 1087:1089 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 4 26 theme fluorescent 1066:1076 arg1 protein 1078:1084 green fluorescent protein 1060:1084 green fluorescent protein (GFP) 1060:1090 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 3 27 gly glycoproteins 955:967 arg1 glycoproteins 955:967 secretory glycoproteins 945:967 secretory glycoproteins 945:967 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs predicted all NPPs to be secretory glycoproteins. 27335351 3 28 theme Oryza 888:892 arg1 sativa 894:899 Oryza sativa 888:899 different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 878:918 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs predicted all NPPs to be secretory glycoproteins. 27335351 1 29 theme sugars 405:410 arg1 breakdown 356:364 the hydrolytic breakdown 341:364 the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars 341:410 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 8 30 theme NPPs 2147:2150 arg1 mechanism 2134:2142 targeting mechanism 2124:2142 targeting mechanism 2124:2142 The overall data strongly indicate that the trans-Golgi compartments participate in the Golgi to plastid trafficking and targeting mechanism of NPPs. 27335351 8 30 theme NPPs 2147:2150 arg1 trafficking 2108:2118 plastid trafficking 2100:2118 plastid trafficking 2100:2118 The overall data strongly indicate that the trans-Golgi compartments participate in the Golgi to plastid trafficking and targeting mechanism of NPPs. 27335351 5 31 theme NPP2-GFP 1166:1173 arg1 targeting 1153:1161 Plastid targeting 1145:1161 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP 1145:1186 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 2 32 theme secretory 680:688 arg1 pathway 690:696 the secretory pathway 676:696 the secretory pathway in rice cells 676:710 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 5 33 theme NPP6-GFP 1179:1186 arg1 targeting 1153:1161 Plastid targeting 1145:1161 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP 1145:1186 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 7 34 theme glycoblotting/mass 1805:1822 arg1 analyses 1838:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses 1775:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses 1775:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 6 35 theme high-pressure 1482:1494 arg1 microscopy 1531:1540 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy 1482:1540 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy 1482:1540 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 2 36 theme multigene 464:472 arg1 family 474:479 a small multigene family 456:479 a small multigene family 456:479 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 0 37 theme Microscopic 15:25 arg1 Localization 39:50 Microscopic Subcellular Localization 15:50 Microscopic Subcellular Localization 15:50 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 Strongly Indicate that trans-Golgi Compartments Participate in the Golgi to Plastid Traffic of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases in Rice. 27335351 6 38 with vesicles 1714:1721 arg1 cargo 1728:1732 cargo 1728:1732 cargo 1728:1732 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 6 39 theme laser 1452:1456 arg1 microscopy 1467:1476 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1443:1476 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1443:1476 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 7 40 theme NPP6 1997:2000 arg1 glycans 1971:1977 total glycans 1965:1977 total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6 1965:2000 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 1 41 theme numerous 369:376 arg1 nucleotides 378:388 numerous nucleotides 369:388 numerous nucleotides 369:388 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 7 42 theme NPP2 1988:1991 arg1 glycans 1971:1977 total glycans 1965:1977 total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6 1965:2000 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 0 43 from Rice 222:225 arg1 Traffic 162:168 Traffic 162:168 Traffic 162:168 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 Strongly Indicate that trans-Golgi Compartments Participate in the Golgi to Plastid Traffic of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases in Rice. 27335351 6 44 theme cells 1570:1574 arg1 analyses 1542:1549 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses 1443:1549 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP 1443:1653 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 5 45 theme negative 1265:1272 arg1 mutant 1274:1279 a dominant negative mutant 1254:1279 a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment 1254:1440 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 5 45 theme negative 1265:1272 arg1 ARF1 1242:1245 ARF1 1242:1245 ARF1(Q71L) 1242:1251 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 7 46 theme NPP1 1982:1985 arg1 glycans 1971:1977 total glycans 1965:1977 total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6 1965:2000 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 7 47 theme total 1965:1969 arg1 glycans 1971:1977 total glycans 1965:1977 total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6 1965:2000 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 6 48 theme transgenic 1554:1563 arg1 cells 1570:1574 transgenic rice cells 1554:1574 transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP 1554:1653 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 0 49 theme NPP1 64:67 arg1 Analyses 52:59 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses 0:59 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 0:76 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 Strongly Indicate that trans-Golgi Compartments Participate in the Golgi to Plastid Traffic of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases in Rice. 27335351 8 50 theme overall 2007:2013 arg1 data 2015:2018 The overall data 2003:2018 The overall data 2003:2018 The overall data strongly indicate that the trans-Golgi compartments participate in the Golgi to plastid trafficking and targeting mechanism of NPPs. 27335351 7 51 theme glycans 1971:1977 arg1 % 1960:1960 approximately 80% 1944:1960 approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6 1944:2000 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 7 51 theme glycans 1971:1977 arg1 glycans 1971:1977 total glycans 1965:1977 total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6 1965:2000 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 0 52 theme Nucleotide 173:182 arg1 Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases 184:217 Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases 173:217 Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases 173:217 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 Strongly Indicate that trans-Golgi Compartments Participate in the Golgi to Plastid Traffic of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases in Rice. 27335351 2 53 theme many 416:419 arg1 species 427:433 many plant species 416:433 many plant species 416:433 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 6 54 theme electron 1522:1529 arg1 microscopy 1531:1540 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy 1482:1540 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy 1482:1540 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 1 55 theme N-glycosylated 304:317 arg1 pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 239:272 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 228:272 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) 228:279 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 1 55 theme N-glycosylated 304:317 arg1 enzymes 319:325 widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes 285:325 widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars 285:410 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 7 56 theme paucimannosidic-type 1876:1895 arg1 glycans 1897:1903 complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans 1859:1903 complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues 1859:1935 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 8 57 theme trans-Golgi 2047:2057 arg1 compartments 2059:2070 the trans-Golgi compartments 2043:2070 the trans-Golgi compartments 2043:2070 The overall data strongly indicate that the trans-Golgi compartments participate in the Golgi to plastid trafficking and targeting mechanism of NPPs. 27335351 5 58 theme brefeldin 1205:1213 arg1 A 1215:1215 brefeldin A 1205:1215 brefeldin A 1205:1215 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 7 59 theme xylose 1921:1926 arg1 residues 1928:1935 fucose and xylose residues 1910:1935 fucose and xylose residues 1910:1935 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 2 60 theme endoplasmic 609:619 arg1 reticulum 621:629 the endoplasmic reticulum 605:629 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast 605:666 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 2 60 theme endoplasmic 609:619 arg1 ER 632:633 ER 632:633 ER 632:633 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 6 61 theme trans-Golgi 1603:1613 arg1 sialyltransferase 1622:1638 the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase 1599:1638 the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP 1599:1653 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 4 62 theme microscopy 992:1001 arg1 observation 1003:1013 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation 970:1013 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) 970:1090 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 5 63 theme Plastid 1145:1151 arg1 targeting 1153:1161 Plastid targeting 1145:1161 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP 1145:1186 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 1 64 theme Nucleotide 228:237 arg1 enzymes 319:325 widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes 285:325 widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars 285:410 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 1 64 theme Nucleotide 228:237 arg1 NPPs 275:278 NPPs 275:278 NPPs 275:278 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 1 64 theme Nucleotide 228:237 arg1 pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 239:272 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 228:272 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) 228:279 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 2 65 theme subcellular 753:763 arg1 localization 765:776 subcellular localization 753:776 subcellular localization 753:776 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 6 66 theme Golgi-derived 1691:1703 arg1 vesicles 1714:1721 Golgi-derived membrane vesicles 1691:1721 Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo 1691:1732 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 6 67 theme contact 1680:1686 arg1 occurrence 1666:1675 the occurrence 1662:1675 the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo 1662:1732 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 6 67 theme contact 1680:1686 arg1 absorption 1749:1758 subsequent absorption 1738:1758 subsequent absorption into plastids 1738:1772 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 4 68 theme Confocal 970:977 arg1 microscopy 992:1001 Confocal fluorescence microscopy 970:1001 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) 970:1090 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 2 69 theme NPPs 787:790 arg1 composition 737:747 N-glycan composition 728:747 N-glycan composition 728:747 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 2 69 theme NPPs 787:790 arg1 localization 765:776 subcellular localization 753:776 subcellular localization 753:776 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 8 70 theme targeting 2124:2132 arg1 mechanism 2134:2142 targeting mechanism 2124:2142 targeting mechanism 2124:2142 The overall data strongly indicate that the trans-Golgi compartments participate in the Golgi to plastid trafficking and targeting mechanism of NPPs. 27335351 2 71 theme recent 531:536 arg1 investigations 538:551 recent investigations 531:551 recent investigations 531:551 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 5 72 theme factor 1301:1306 arg1 mutant 1274:1279 a dominant negative mutant 1254:1279 a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment 1254:1440 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 5 72 theme factor 1301:1306 arg1 ARF1 1242:1245 ARF1 1242:1245 ARF1(Q71L) 1242:1251 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 3 73 theme acid 850:853 arg1 sequences 855:863 the amino acid sequences 840:863 the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 840:918 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs predicted all NPPs to be secretory glycoproteins. 27335351 1 74 theme nucleotide 394:403 arg1 sugars 405:410 nucleotide sugars 394:410 nucleotide sugars 394:410 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 3 75 theme secretory 945:953 arg1 glycoproteins 955:967 secretory glycoproteins 945:967 secretory glycoproteins 945:967 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs predicted all NPPs to be secretory glycoproteins. 27335351 4 76 theme green 1060:1064 arg1 GFP 1087:1089 GFP 1087:1089 GFP 1087:1089 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 4 76 theme green 1060:1064 arg1 protein 1078:1084 green fluorescent protein 1060:1084 green fluorescent protein (GFP) 1060:1090 Confocal fluorescence microscopy observation of cells expressing NPP2 and NPP6 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP2 and NPP6 are plastidial proteins. 27335351 2 77 theme rice 701:704 arg1 cells 706:710 rice cells 701:710 rice cells 701:710 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 2 78 from information 713:723 arg1 composition 737:747 N-glycan composition 728:747 N-glycan composition 728:747 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 2 78 from information 713:723 arg1 localization 765:776 subcellular localization 753:776 subcellular localization 753:776 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 3 79 theme sativa 894:899 arg1 cDNAs 914:918 different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 878:918 different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 878:918 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs predicted all NPPs to be secretory glycoproteins. 27335351 2 80 gly N-glycosylated 565:578 arg1 NPP1 580:583 N-glycosylated NPP1 565:583 N-glycosylated NPP1 565:583 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 7 81 theme complex-type 1859:1870 arg1 glycans 1897:1903 complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans 1859:1903 complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues 1859:1935 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 2 82 theme N-glycosylated 565:578 arg1 NPP1 580:583 N-glycosylated NPP1 565:583 N-glycosylated NPP1 565:583 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 7 83 with glycans 1897:1903 arg1 residues 1928:1935 fucose and xylose residues 1910:1935 fucose and xylose residues 1910:1935 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 3 84 theme different 878:886 arg1 cDNAs 914:918 different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 878:918 different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs 878:918 Computer-assisted analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from different Oryza sativa NPP-encoding cDNAs predicted all NPPs to be secretory glycoproteins. 27335351 0 85 theme trans-Golgi 101:111 arg1 Compartments 113:124 trans-Golgi Compartments 101:124 trans-Golgi Compartments 101:124 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 Strongly Indicate that trans-Golgi Compartments Participate in the Golgi to Plastid Traffic of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases in Rice. 27335351 6 86 theme subsequent 1738:1747 arg1 absorption 1749:1758 subsequent absorption 1738:1758 subsequent absorption into plastids 1738:1772 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 6 87 theme frozen/freeze-substituted 1496:1520 arg1 microscopy 1531:1540 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy 1482:1540 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy 1482:1540 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 7 88 theme spectrometric 1824:1836 arg1 analyses 1838:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses 1775:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses 1775:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 0 89 theme Subcellular 27:37 arg1 Localization 39:50 Microscopic Subcellular Localization 15:50 Microscopic Subcellular Localization 15:50 N-Glycomic and Microscopic Subcellular Localization Analyses of NPP1, 2 and 6 Strongly Indicate that trans-Golgi Compartments Participate in the Golgi to Plastid Traffic of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterases in Rice. 27335351 5 90 theme ARF1 1242:1245 arg1 expression 1228:1237 the expression 1224:1237 the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment 1224:1440 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 1 91 gly N-glycosylated 304:317 arg1 pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 239:272 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 228:272 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) 228:279 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 1 91 gly N-glycosylated 304:317 arg1 enzymes 319:325 widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes 285:325 widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars 285:410 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 7 92 theme high-throughput 1789:1803 arg1 analyses 1838:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses 1775:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses 1775:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 6 93 link Golgi-derived 1691:1703 arg1 vesicles 1714:1721 Golgi-derived membrane vesicles 1691:1721 Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo 1691:1732 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 2 94 theme small 458:462 arg1 family 474:479 a small multigene family 456:479 a small multigene family 456:479 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 6 95 theme scanning 1458:1465 arg1 microscopy 1467:1476 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1443:1476 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1443:1476 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 1 96 theme hydrolytic 345:354 arg1 breakdown 356:364 the hydrolytic breakdown 341:364 the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars 341:410 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 7 97 theme Sensitive 1775:1783 arg1 analyses 1838:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses 1775:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses 1775:1845 Sensitive and high-throughput glycoblotting/mass spectrometric analyses showed that complex-type and paucimannosidic-type glycans with fucose and xylose residues occupy approximately 80% of total glycans of NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6. 27335351 6 98 theme Confocal 1443:1450 arg1 microscopy 1467:1476 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1443:1476 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1443:1476 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 5 99 theme plastidial 1419:1428 arg1 compartment 1430:1440 the plastidial compartment 1415:1440 the plastidial compartment 1415:1440 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 27335351 1 100 theme nucleotides 378:388 arg1 breakdown 356:364 the hydrolytic breakdown 341:364 the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars 341:410 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are widely distributed N-glycosylated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of numerous nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. 27335351 6 101 theme rice 1565:1568 arg1 cells 1570:1574 transgenic rice cells 1554:1574 transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP 1554:1653 Confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted electron microscopy analyses of transgenic rice cells ectopically expressing the trans-Golgi marker sialyltransferase fused with GFP showed the occurrence of contact of Golgi-derived membrane vesicles with cargo and subsequent absorption into plastids. 27335351 2 102 theme plant 421:425 arg1 species 427:433 many plant species 416:433 many plant species 416:433 In many plant species, NPPs are encoded by a small multigene family, which in rice are referred to NPP1-NPP6 Although recent investigations showed that N-glycosylated NPP1 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway in rice cells, information on N-glycan composition and subcellular localization of other NPPs is still lacking. 27335351 5 103 theme ADP-ribosylation 1284:1299 arg1 factor 1301:1306 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 1284:1308 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 1284:1308 Plastid targeting of NPP2-GFP and NPP6-GFP was prevented by brefeldin A and by the expression of ARF1(Q71L), a dominant negative mutant of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 that arrests the ER to Golgi traffic, indicating that NPP2 and NPP6 are transported from the ER-Golgi to the plastidial compartment. 25306209 11 0 theme 1,3-disaturated 1819:1833 arg1 diacylglycerol 1835:1848 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol 1819:1848 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol 1819:1848 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 10 1 located detected 1556:1563 arg2 bands 1493:1497 19 protein bands 1482:1497 19 protein bands with molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa 1482:1549 In total, 19 protein bands with molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa were detected and those of 185.8, 80, 34, 20.8, 18.8, 17.5, and 10 kDa were considered as novel proteins. 25306209 10 1 located detected 1556:1563 arg1 total 1475:1479 total 1475:1479 total 1475:1479 In total, 19 protein bands with molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa were detected and those of 185.8, 80, 34, 20.8, 18.8, 17.5, and 10 kDa were considered as novel proteins. 25306209 3 2 theme premature 559:567 arg1 cryocapacitation 583:598 cryocapacitation 583:598 cryocapacitation 583:598 Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that desalted and lyophilized SP could prevent premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa. 25306209 3 2 theme premature 559:567 arg1 capacitation 569:580 premature capacitation 559:580 premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa 559:634 Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that desalted and lyophilized SP could prevent premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa. 25306209 9 3 theme gel 1456:1458 arg1 filtration 1460:1469 gel filtration 1456:1469 gel filtration 1456:1469 There was no difference in the protein profile of SP before and after gel filtration. 25306209 4 4 theme G-25 683:686 arg1 column 698:703 Sephadex G-25 desalting column 674:703 Sephadex G-25 desalting column 674:703 Seminal plasma was desalted by using Sephadex G-25 desalting column and lyophilized before added to semen extender at final concentrations 0, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL. 25306209 0 5 theme Desalted 0:7 arg1 plasma 40:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma 0:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma 0:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 4 6 dep mg/mL 797:801 arg1 12.5 784:787 12.5 784:787 12.5 784:787 Seminal plasma was desalted by using Sephadex G-25 desalting column and lyophilized before added to semen extender at final concentrations 0, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL. 25306209 4 6 dep mg/mL 797:801 arg1 25 794:795 25 794:795 25 794:795 Seminal plasma was desalted by using Sephadex G-25 desalting column and lyophilized before added to semen extender at final concentrations 0, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL. 25306209 8 7 theme spermatozoa 1225:1235 arg1 Stimulation 1210:1220 Stimulation 1210:1220 Stimulation of spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 1210:1265 Stimulation of spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a time-dependent induction of the acrosome reaction, which was delayed by the desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 11 8 theme detected 1745:1752 arg1 spots 1768:1772 the detected neutral lipid spots 1741:1772 the detected neutral lipid spots 1741:1772 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 9 theme phosphatidylinositol 2025:2044 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 2047:2070 phosphatidylethanolamine 2047:2070 phosphatidylethanolamine 2047:2070 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 9 theme phosphatidylinositol 2025:2044 arg1 sphingomyelin 1948:1960 sphingomyelin 1948:1960 sphingomyelin 1948:1960 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 9 theme phosphatidylinositol 2025:2044 arg1 cerebroside 2073:2083 cerebroside 2073:2083 cerebroside 2073:2083 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 9 theme phosphatidylinositol 2025:2044 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 1963:1981 phosphatidylcholine 1963:1981 phosphatidylcholine 1963:1981 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 9 theme phosphatidylinositol 2025:2044 arg1 species 2014:2020 three species 2008:2020 three species of phosphatidylinositol 2008:2044 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 9 theme phosphatidylinositol 2025:2044 arg1 spots 1937:1941 the detected phospholipid spots 1911:1941 the detected phospholipid spots 1911:1941 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 9 theme phosphatidylinositol 2025:2044 arg1 phosphatidylserine 1984:2001 phosphatidylserine 1984:2001 phosphatidylserine 1984:2001 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 9 theme phosphatidylinositol 2025:2044 arg1 phosphatide 2103:2113 polyglycerol phosphatide 2090:2113 polyglycerol phosphatide 2090:2113 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 8 10 theme calcium 1242:1248 arg1 A23187 1260:1265 calcium ionophore A23187 1242:1265 calcium ionophore A23187 1242:1265 Stimulation of spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a time-dependent induction of the acrosome reaction, which was delayed by the desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 3 11 theme Japanese 604:611 arg1 spermatozoa 624:634 Japanese Black bull spermatozoa 604:634 Japanese Black bull spermatozoa 604:634 Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that desalted and lyophilized SP could prevent premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa. 25306209 8 12 theme acrosome 1313:1320 arg1 reaction 1322:1329 the acrosome reaction 1309:1329 the acrosome reaction 1309:1329 Stimulation of spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a time-dependent induction of the acrosome reaction, which was delayed by the desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 3 13 theme desalted 517:524 arg1 SP 542:543 desalted and lyophilized SP 517:543 desalted and lyophilized SP 517:543 Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that desalted and lyophilized SP could prevent premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa. 25306209 5 14 theme acrosomal 846:854 arg1 integrity 856:864 acrosomal integrity 846:864 acrosomal integrity 846:864 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility, acrosomal integrity, abnormal morphology, and the calcium ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction were assessed. 25306209 7 15 theme progressive 1096:1106 arg1 motility 1108:1115 progressive motility 1096:1115 progressive motility 1096:1115 The results revealed that progressive motility, intact acrosome, and abnormal morphology were not substantially modified by addition of SP. 25306209 5 16 theme progressive 824:834 arg1 motility 836:843 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility 804:843 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility 804:843 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility, acrosomal integrity, abnormal morphology, and the calcium ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction were assessed. 25306209 11 17 theme polyglycerol 2090:2101 arg1 phosphatide 2103:2113 polyglycerol phosphatide 2090:2113 polyglycerol phosphatide 2090:2113 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 4 18 theme semen 737:741 arg1 extender 743:750 semen extender 737:750 semen extender 737:750 Seminal plasma was desalted by using Sephadex G-25 desalting column and lyophilized before added to semen extender at final concentrations 0, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL. 25306209 11 19 theme lipid 1762:1766 arg1 spots 1768:1772 the detected neutral lipid spots 1741:1772 the detected neutral lipid spots 1741:1772 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 20 theme detected 1915:1922 arg1 sphingomyelin 1948:1960 sphingomyelin 1948:1960 sphingomyelin 1948:1960 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 20 theme detected 1915:1922 arg1 spots 1937:1941 the detected phospholipid spots 1911:1941 the detected phospholipid spots 1911:1941 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 21 theme gel 1707:1709 arg1 filtration 1711:1720 gel filtration 1707:1720 gel filtration 1707:1720 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 0 22 dep ionophore 148:156 arg1 response 128:135 response 128:135 response 128:135 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 8 23 theme desalted 1357:1364 arg1 SP 1382:1383 the desalted and lyophilized SP 1353:1383 the desalted and lyophilized SP 1353:1383 Stimulation of spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a time-dependent induction of the acrosome reaction, which was delayed by the desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 7 24 theme SP 1206:1207 arg1 addition 1194:1201 addition 1194:1201 addition of SP 1194:1207 The results revealed that progressive motility, intact acrosome, and abnormal morphology were not substantially modified by addition of SP. 25306209 5 25 theme calcium 896:902 arg1 ionophore 904:912 the calcium ionophore 892:912 the calcium ionophore 892:912 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility, acrosomal integrity, abnormal morphology, and the calcium ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction were assessed. 25306209 6 26 theme thin-layer 1029:1038 arg1 chromatography 1040:1053 thin-layer chromatography 1029:1053 thin-layer chromatography 1029:1053 Protein and lipid compositions in SP were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and thin-layer chromatography, respectively. 25306209 8 27 theme lyophilized 1370:1380 arg1 SP 1382:1383 the desalted and lyophilized SP 1353:1383 the desalted and lyophilized SP 1353:1383 Stimulation of spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a time-dependent induction of the acrosome reaction, which was delayed by the desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 0 28 theme acrosome 71:78 arg1 reaction 80:87 the acrosome reaction 67:87 the acrosome reaction 67:87 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 5 29 theme A23187-induced 914:927 arg1 reaction 938:945 A23187-induced acrosome reaction 914:945 A23187-induced acrosome reaction 914:945 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility, acrosomal integrity, abnormal morphology, and the calcium ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction were assessed. 25306209 2 30 theme biochemical 294:304 arg1 components 306:315 biochemical components 294:315 biochemical components 294:315 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 30 theme biochemical 294:304 arg1 lipids 338:343 lipids 338:343 lipids 338:343 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 30 theme biochemical 294:304 arg1 protein 326:332 protein 326:332 protein 326:332 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 31 theme cell 393:396 arg1 function 398:405 sperm cell function 387:405 sperm cell function 387:405 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 0 32 theme bovine 106:111 arg1 spermatozoa 113:123 frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa 92:123 frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa 92:123 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 2 33 theme spermatozoa 455:465 arg1 decapacitation 437:450 decapacitation 437:450 decapacitation of spermatozoa 437:465 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 12 34 theme lyophilized 2233:2243 arg1 SP 2245:2246 desalted and lyophilized SP 2220:2246 desalted and lyophilized SP 2220:2246 The results suggest that premature capacitation during freeze-thaw processes could be reduced by adding desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 5 35 theme sperm 818:822 arg1 motility 836:843 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility 804:843 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility 804:843 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility, acrosomal integrity, abnormal morphology, and the calcium ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction were assessed. 25306209 0 36 theme lyophilized 13:23 arg1 plasma 40:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma 0:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma 0:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 10 37 with bands 1493:1497 arg1 masses 1514:1519 molecular masses 1504:1519 molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa 1504:1549 In total, 19 protein bands with molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa were detected and those of 185.8, 80, 34, 20.8, 18.8, 17.5, and 10 kDa were considered as novel proteins. 25306209 10 38 theme molecular 1504:1512 arg1 masses 1514:1519 molecular masses 1504:1519 molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa 1504:1549 In total, 19 protein bands with molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa were detected and those of 185.8, 80, 34, 20.8, 18.8, 17.5, and 10 kDa were considered as novel proteins. 25306209 11 39 theme Neutral 1657:1663 arg1 phospholipids 1676:1688 phospholipids 1676:1688 phospholipids before and after gel filtration 1676:1720 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 39 theme Neutral 1657:1663 arg1 same 1731:1734 same 1731:1734 same 1731:1734 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 39 theme Neutral 1657:1663 arg1 lipids 1665:1670 Neutral lipids 1657:1670 Neutral lipids 1657:1670 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 8 40 theme time-dependent 1281:1294 arg1 induction 1296:1304 a time-dependent induction 1279:1304 a time-dependent induction 1279:1304 Stimulation of spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a time-dependent induction of the acrosome reaction, which was delayed by the desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 0 41 theme seminal 32:38 arg1 plasma 40:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma 0:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma 0:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 12 42 theme desalted 2220:2227 arg1 SP 2245:2246 desalted and lyophilized SP 2220:2246 desalted and lyophilized SP 2220:2246 The results suggest that premature capacitation during freeze-thaw processes could be reduced by adding desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 9 43 theme protein 1417:1423 arg1 profile 1425:1431 the protein profile 1413:1431 the protein profile of SP before and after gel filtration 1413:1469 There was no difference in the protein profile of SP before and after gel filtration. 25306209 4 44 theme Seminal 637:643 arg1 plasma 645:650 Seminal plasma 637:650 Seminal plasma 637:650 Seminal plasma was desalted by using Sephadex G-25 desalting column and lyophilized before added to semen extender at final concentrations 0, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL. 25306209 10 45 dep 185.8 1541:1545 arg1 to 1538:1539 to 1538:1539 to 1538:1539 In total, 19 protein bands with molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa were detected and those of 185.8, 80, 34, 20.8, 18.8, 17.5, and 10 kDa were considered as novel proteins. 25306209 5 46 dep motility 836:843 arg1 reaction 938:945 A23187-induced acrosome reaction 914:945 A23187-induced acrosome reaction 914:945 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility, acrosomal integrity, abnormal morphology, and the calcium ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction were assessed. 25306209 7 47 theme abnormal 1139:1146 arg1 morphology 1148:1157 abnormal morphology 1139:1157 abnormal morphology 1139:1157 The results revealed that progressive motility, intact acrosome, and abnormal morphology were not substantially modified by addition of SP. 25306209 2 48 theme components 306:315 arg1 variety 283:289 a variety 281:289 a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa 281:465 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 48 theme components 306:315 arg1 components 306:315 biochemical components 294:315 biochemical components 294:315 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 48 theme components 306:315 arg1 lipids 338:343 lipids 338:343 lipids 338:343 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 48 theme components 306:315 arg1 protein 326:332 protein 326:332 protein 326:332 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 49 contain contains 272:279 arg2 variety 283:289 a variety 281:289 a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa 281:465 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 49 contain contains 272:279 arg2 components 306:315 biochemical components 294:315 biochemical components 294:315 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 49 contain contains 272:279 arg2 lipids 338:343 lipids 338:343 lipids 338:343 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 49 contain contains 272:279 arg1 plasma 260:265 Seminal plasma 252:265 Seminal plasma (SP) 252:270 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 49 contain contains 272:279 arg2 protein 326:332 protein 326:332 protein 326:332 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 49 contain contains 272:279 arg1 SP 268:269 SP 268:269 SP 268:269 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 5 50 theme abnormal 867:874 arg1 morphology 876:885 abnormal morphology 867:885 abnormal morphology 867:885 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility, acrosomal integrity, abnormal morphology, and the calcium ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction were assessed. 25306209 4 51 theme Sephadex 674:681 arg1 column 698:703 Sephadex G-25 desalting column 674:703 Sephadex G-25 desalting column 674:703 Seminal plasma was desalted by using Sephadex G-25 desalting column and lyophilized before added to semen extender at final concentrations 0, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL. 25306209 7 52 theme intact 1118:1123 arg1 acrosome 1125:1132 intact acrosome 1118:1132 intact acrosome 1118:1132 The results revealed that progressive motility, intact acrosome, and abnormal morphology were not substantially modified by addition of SP. 25306209 4 53 theme desalting 688:696 arg1 column 698:703 Sephadex G-25 desalting column 674:703 Sephadex G-25 desalting column 674:703 Seminal plasma was desalted by using Sephadex G-25 desalting column and lyophilized before added to semen extender at final concentrations 0, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL. 25306209 11 54 theme neutral 1754:1760 arg1 spots 1768:1772 the detected neutral lipid spots 1741:1772 the detected neutral lipid spots 1741:1772 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 1 55 theme capacitation-like 210:226 arg1 changes 228:234 capacitation-like changes 210:234 capacitation-like changes in spermatozoa 210:249 Cryopreservation is partially damaging and induces capacitation-like changes in spermatozoa. 25306209 0 56 theme calcium 140:146 arg1 ionophore 148:156 calcium ionophore 140:156 calcium ionophore 140:156 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 11 57 theme phospholipid 1924:1935 arg1 sphingomyelin 1948:1960 sphingomyelin 1948:1960 sphingomyelin 1948:1960 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 11 57 theme phospholipid 1924:1935 arg1 spots 1937:1941 the detected phospholipid spots 1911:1941 the detected phospholipid spots 1911:1941 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 8 58 theme ionophore 1250:1258 arg1 A23187 1260:1265 calcium ionophore A23187 1242:1265 calcium ionophore A23187 1242:1265 Stimulation of spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a time-dependent induction of the acrosome reaction, which was delayed by the desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 6 59 theme lipid 974:978 arg1 compositions 980:991 Protein and lipid compositions 962:991 compositions 980:991 Protein and lipid compositions in SP were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and thin-layer chromatography, respectively. 25306209 8 60 theme reaction 1322:1329 arg1 induction 1296:1304 a time-dependent induction 1279:1304 a time-dependent induction 1279:1304 Stimulation of spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a time-dependent induction of the acrosome reaction, which was delayed by the desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 2 61 theme Seminal 252:258 arg1 plasma 260:265 Seminal plasma 252:265 Seminal plasma (SP) 252:270 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 2 61 theme Seminal 252:258 arg1 SP 268:269 SP 268:269 SP 268:269 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 5 62 theme acrosome 929:936 arg1 reaction 938:945 A23187-induced acrosome reaction 914:945 A23187-induced acrosome reaction 914:945 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility, acrosomal integrity, abnormal morphology, and the calcium ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction were assessed. 25306209 6 63 theme Protein 962:968 arg1 compositions 980:991 Protein and lipid compositions 962:991 compositions 980:991 Protein and lipid compositions in SP were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and thin-layer chromatography, respectively. 25306209 1 64 from changes 228:234 arg1 spermatozoa 239:249 spermatozoa 239:249 spermatozoa 239:249 Cryopreservation is partially damaging and induces capacitation-like changes in spermatozoa. 25306209 4 65 dep concentrations 761:774 arg1 mg/mL 797:801 mg/mL 797:801 mg/mL 797:801 Seminal plasma was desalted by using Sephadex G-25 desalting column and lyophilized before added to semen extender at final concentrations 0, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL. 25306209 3 66 theme spermatozoa 624:634 arg1 cryocapacitation 583:598 cryocapacitation 583:598 cryocapacitation 583:598 Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that desalted and lyophilized SP could prevent premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa. 25306209 3 66 theme spermatozoa 624:634 arg1 capacitation 569:580 premature capacitation 559:580 premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa 559:634 Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that desalted and lyophilized SP could prevent premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa. 25306209 0 67 theme reaction 80:87 arg1 induction 54:62 induction 54:62 induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa 54:123 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 0 68 theme frozen-thawed 92:104 arg1 spermatozoa 113:123 frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa 92:123 frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa 92:123 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 0 69 from induction 54:62 arg1 spermatozoa 113:123 frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa 92:123 frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa 92:123 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 10 70 theme protein 1485:1491 arg1 bands 1493:1497 19 protein bands 1482:1497 19 protein bands with molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa 1482:1549 In total, 19 protein bands with molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa were detected and those of 185.8, 80, 34, 20.8, 18.8, 17.5, and 10 kDa were considered as novel proteins. 25306209 8 71 with Stimulation 1210:1220 arg1 A23187 1260:1265 calcium ionophore A23187 1242:1265 calcium ionophore A23187 1242:1265 Stimulation of spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a time-dependent induction of the acrosome reaction, which was delayed by the desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 2 72 theme sperm 387:391 arg1 function 398:405 sperm cell function 387:405 sperm cell function 387:405 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 5 73 theme Frozen-thawed 804:816 arg1 motility 836:843 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility 804:843 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility 804:843 Frozen-thawed sperm progressive motility, acrosomal integrity, abnormal morphology, and the calcium ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction were assessed. 25306209 4 74 theme final 755:759 arg1 concentrations 761:774 final concentrations 755:774 final concentrations 0, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL 755:801 Seminal plasma was desalted by using Sephadex G-25 desalting column and lyophilized before added to semen extender at final concentrations 0, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL. 25306209 0 75 theme bovine 25:30 arg1 plasma 40:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma 0:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma 0:45 Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. 25306209 3 76 theme Black 613:617 arg1 spermatozoa 624:634 Japanese Black bull spermatozoa 604:634 Japanese Black bull spermatozoa 604:634 Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that desalted and lyophilized SP could prevent premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa. 25306209 6 77 from compositions 980:991 arg1 SP 996:997 SP 996:997 SP 996:997 Protein and lipid compositions in SP were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and thin-layer chromatography, respectively. 25306209 11 78 theme 1,3-saturated 1860:1872 arg1 diacylglycerol 1887:1900 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol 1860:1900 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol 1860:1900 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 2 79 theme function 398:405 arg1 regulation 373:382 the regulation 369:382 the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa 369:465 Seminal plasma (SP) contains a variety of biochemical components, such as protein and lipids, which are specific for the regulation of sperm cell function including those effective for decapacitation of spermatozoa. 25306209 11 80 dep 1,3-saturated 1860:1872 arg1 unsaturated 1875:1885 unsaturated 1875:1885 unsaturated 1875:1885 Neutral lipids and phospholipids before and after gel filtration were the same, and the detected neutral lipid spots were monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, 1,2- and 1,3-disaturated diacylglycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-saturated, unsaturated diacylglycerol, whereas the detected phospholipid spots were sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and three species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, and polyglycerol phosphatide. 25306209 3 81 theme bull 619:622 arg1 spermatozoa 624:634 Japanese Black bull spermatozoa 604:634 Japanese Black bull spermatozoa 604:634 Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that desalted and lyophilized SP could prevent premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa. 25306209 12 82 theme freeze-thaw 2171:2181 arg1 processes 2183:2191 freeze-thaw processes 2171:2191 freeze-thaw processes 2171:2191 The results suggest that premature capacitation during freeze-thaw processes could be reduced by adding desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 10 83 theme novel 1641:1645 arg1 proteins 1647:1654 novel proteins 1641:1654 novel proteins 1641:1654 In total, 19 protein bands with molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa were detected and those of 185.8, 80, 34, 20.8, 18.8, 17.5, and 10 kDa were considered as novel proteins. 25306209 10 83 theme novel 1641:1645 arg1 those 1569:1573 those 1569:1573 those 1569:1573 In total, 19 protein bands with molecular masses ranging from 5.2 to 185.8 kDa were detected and those of 185.8, 80, 34, 20.8, 18.8, 17.5, and 10 kDa were considered as novel proteins. 25306209 7 84 mod modified 1182:1189 arg1 morphology 1148:1157 abnormal morphology 1139:1157 abnormal morphology 1139:1157 The results revealed that progressive motility, intact acrosome, and abnormal morphology were not substantially modified by addition of SP. 25306209 7 84 mod modified 1182:1189 arg1 motility 1108:1115 progressive motility 1096:1115 progressive motility 1096:1115 The results revealed that progressive motility, intact acrosome, and abnormal morphology were not substantially modified by addition of SP. 25306209 7 84 mod modified 1182:1189 arg3 addition 1194:1201 addition 1194:1201 addition of SP 1194:1207 The results revealed that progressive motility, intact acrosome, and abnormal morphology were not substantially modified by addition of SP. 25306209 7 84 mod modified 1182:1189 arg1 acrosome 1125:1132 intact acrosome 1118:1132 intact acrosome 1118:1132 The results revealed that progressive motility, intact acrosome, and abnormal morphology were not substantially modified by addition of SP. 25306209 12 85 theme premature 2141:2149 arg1 capacitation 2151:2162 premature capacitation 2141:2162 premature capacitation during freeze-thaw processes 2141:2191 The results suggest that premature capacitation during freeze-thaw processes could be reduced by adding desalted and lyophilized SP. 25306209 3 86 theme lyophilized 530:540 arg1 SP 542:543 desalted and lyophilized SP 517:543 desalted and lyophilized SP 517:543 Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that desalted and lyophilized SP could prevent premature capacitation (cryocapacitation) of Japanese Black bull spermatozoa. 25306209 9 87 theme SP 1436:1437 arg1 profile 1425:1431 the protein profile 1413:1431 the protein profile of SP before and after gel filtration 1413:1469 There was no difference in the protein profile of SP before and after gel filtration. 28191954 5 0 theme steric 900:905 arg1 interactions 907:918 steric interactions 900:918 steric interactions between glycans in the protein and the membrane surface 900:974 Detailed analysis shows that the underlying mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions complemented by steric interactions between glycans in the protein and the membrane surface. 28191954 1 1 theme cell 167:170 arg1 environment 172:182 the cell environment 163:182 the cell environment 163:182 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane mediate interactions with the cell environment and play decisive roles in many signaling events. 28191954 5 2 from surface 968:974 arg1 protein 943:949 the protein 939:949 the protein 939:949 Detailed analysis shows that the underlying mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions complemented by steric interactions between glycans in the protein and the membrane surface. 28191954 4 3 theme CD2 569:571 arg1 simulations 539:549 atomistic simulations 529:549 atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells 529:655 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 1 4 with interactions 145:156 arg1 environment 172:182 the cell environment 163:182 the cell environment 163:182 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane mediate interactions with the cell environment and play decisive roles in many signaling events. 28191954 4 5 theme receptor 741:748 arg1 glycosylation 750:762 receptor glycosylation 741:762 receptor glycosylation 741:762 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 4 6 theme killer 644:649 arg1 cells 651:655 natural killer cells 636:655 natural killer cells 636:655 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 4 7 theme small 576:580 arg1 CD2 569:571 membrane-bound CD2 554:571 membrane-bound CD2 554:571 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 4 7 theme small 576:580 arg1 receptor 596:603 a small cell adhesion receptor 574:603 a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells 574:655 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 6 8 theme accessible 1067:1076 arg1 receptors 1057:1065 membrane receptors 1048:1065 membrane receptors accessible for binding and signaling 1048:1102 The findings are significant for understanding the factors that render membrane receptors accessible for binding and signaling. 28191954 3 9 theme binding 433:439 arg1 regions 441:447 the ligand binding regions 422:447 the ligand binding regions of these proteins 422:465 In particular, the ligand binding regions of these proteins likely need to be maximally exposed. 28191954 1 10 from membrane 128:135 arg1 embedded 105:112 embedded 105:112 embedded 105:112 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane mediate interactions with the cell environment and play decisive roles in many signaling events. 28191954 2 11 theme membrane 387:394 arg1 tethering 396:404 membrane tethering 387:404 membrane tethering 387:404 For cell-cell recognition molecules, it is highly likely that their structures and behavior have been optimized in ways that overcome the limitations of membrane tethering. 28191954 5 12 theme Detailed 791:798 arg1 analysis 800:807 Detailed analysis 791:807 Detailed analysis 791:807 Detailed analysis shows that the underlying mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions complemented by steric interactions between glycans in the protein and the membrane surface. 28191954 5 13 theme electrostatic 857:869 arg1 interactions 871:882 electrostatic interactions 857:882 electrostatic interactions complemented by steric interactions between glycans in the protein and the membrane surface 857:974 Detailed analysis shows that the underlying mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions complemented by steric interactions between glycans in the protein and the membrane surface. 28191954 3 14 theme ligand 426:431 arg1 regions 441:447 the ligand binding regions 422:447 the ligand binding regions of these proteins 422:465 In particular, the ligand binding regions of these proteins likely need to be maximally exposed. 28191954 4 15 theme atomistic 529:537 arg1 simulations 539:549 atomistic simulations 529:549 atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells 529:655 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 5 16 from glycans 928:934 arg1 protein 943:949 the protein 939:949 the protein 939:949 Detailed analysis shows that the underlying mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions complemented by steric interactions between glycans in the protein and the membrane surface. 28191954 1 17 theme embedded 105:112 arg1 Proteins 96:103 Proteins 96:103 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane 96:135 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane mediate interactions with the cell environment and play decisive roles in many signaling events. 28191954 3 18 theme proteins 458:465 arg1 regions 441:447 the ligand binding regions 422:447 the ligand binding regions of these proteins 422:465 In particular, the ligand binding regions of these proteins likely need to be maximally exposed. 28191954 4 19 theme membrane-bound 554:567 arg1 CD2 569:571 membrane-bound CD2 554:571 membrane-bound CD2 554:571 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 4 19 theme membrane-bound 554:567 arg1 receptor 596:603 a small cell adhesion receptor 574:603 a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells 574:655 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 4 20 theme membrane 721:728 arg1 lipids 730:735 membrane lipids 721:735 membrane lipids 721:735 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 5 21 theme underlying 824:833 arg1 mechanism 835:843 the underlying mechanism 820:843 the underlying mechanism 820:843 Detailed analysis shows that the underlying mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions complemented by steric interactions between glycans in the protein and the membrane surface. 28191954 2 22 theme cell-cell 238:246 arg1 molecules 260:268 cell-cell recognition molecules 238:268 cell-cell recognition molecules 238:268 For cell-cell recognition molecules, it is highly likely that their structures and behavior have been optimized in ways that overcome the limitations of membrane tethering. 28191954 1 23 theme decisive 193:200 arg1 roles 202:206 decisive roles 193:206 decisive roles in many signaling events 193:231 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane mediate interactions with the cell environment and play decisive roles in many signaling events. 28191954 1 24 theme many 211:214 arg1 events 226:231 many signaling events 211:231 many signaling events 211:231 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane mediate interactions with the cell environment and play decisive roles in many signaling events. 28191954 2 25 theme tethering 396:404 arg1 limitations 372:382 the limitations 368:382 the limitations of membrane tethering 368:404 For cell-cell recognition molecules, it is highly likely that their structures and behavior have been optimized in ways that overcome the limitations of membrane tethering. 28191954 1 26 theme signaling 216:224 arg1 events 226:231 many signaling events 211:231 many signaling events 211:231 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane mediate interactions with the cell environment and play decisive roles in many signaling events. 28191954 0 27 theme CD2 51:53 arg1 Orientation 66:76 CD2 Ectodomain Orientation 51:76 CD2 Ectodomain Orientation 51:76 Glycosylation and Lipids Working in Concert Direct CD2 Ectodomain Orientation and Presentation. 28191954 4 28 theme ectodomain 687:696 arg1 presentation 667:678 the presentation 663:678 the presentation of its ectodomain 663:696 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 4 28 theme ectodomain 687:696 arg1 dependent 708:716 dependent 708:716 dependent 708:716 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 1 29 from roles 202:206 arg1 events 226:231 many signaling events 211:231 many signaling events 211:231 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane mediate interactions with the cell environment and play decisive roles in many signaling events. 28191954 1 30 theme plasma 121:126 arg1 membrane 128:135 the plasma membrane 117:135 the plasma membrane 117:135 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane mediate interactions with the cell environment and play decisive roles in many signaling events. 28191954 1 31 from embedded 105:112 arg1 membrane 128:135 the plasma membrane 117:135 the plasma membrane 117:135 Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane mediate interactions with the cell environment and play decisive roles in many signaling events. 28191954 0 32 dep Glycosylation 0:12 arg1 Working 25:31 Working 25:31 Working 25:31 Glycosylation and Lipids Working in Concert Direct CD2 Ectodomain Orientation and Presentation. 28191954 4 33 theme apparent 774:781 arg1 unison 783:788 apparent unison 774:788 apparent unison 774:788 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 4 34 theme adhesion 587:594 arg1 CD2 569:571 membrane-bound CD2 554:571 membrane-bound CD2 554:571 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 4 34 theme adhesion 587:594 arg1 receptor 596:603 a small cell adhesion receptor 574:603 a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells 574:655 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 4 35 theme cell 582:585 arg1 CD2 569:571 membrane-bound CD2 554:571 membrane-bound CD2 554:571 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 4 35 theme cell 582:585 arg1 receptor 596:603 a small cell adhesion receptor 574:603 a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells 574:655 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 6 36 theme membrane 1048:1055 arg1 receptors 1057:1065 membrane receptors 1048:1065 membrane receptors accessible for binding and signaling 1048:1102 The findings are significant for understanding the factors that render membrane receptors accessible for binding and signaling. 28191954 4 37 theme human 618:622 arg1 T-cells 624:630 human T-cells 618:630 human T-cells 618:630 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 5 38 theme membrane 959:966 arg1 surface 968:974 the membrane surface 955:974 the membrane surface 955:974 Detailed analysis shows that the underlying mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions complemented by steric interactions between glycans in the protein and the membrane surface. 28191954 4 39 theme natural 636:642 arg1 killer 644:649 natural killer 636:649 natural killer cells 636:655 Here we show by means of atomistic simulations of membrane-bound CD2, a small cell adhesion receptor expressed by human T-cells and natural killer cells, that the presentation of its ectodomain is highly dependent on membrane lipids and receptor glycosylation acting in apparent unison. 28191954 0 40 theme Ectodomain 55:64 arg1 Orientation 66:76 CD2 Ectodomain Orientation 51:76 CD2 Ectodomain Orientation 51:76 Glycosylation and Lipids Working in Concert Direct CD2 Ectodomain Orientation and Presentation. 28191954 2 41 theme recognition 248:258 arg1 molecules 260:268 cell-cell recognition molecules 238:268 cell-cell recognition molecules 238:268 For cell-cell recognition molecules, it is highly likely that their structures and behavior have been optimized in ways that overcome the limitations of membrane tethering. 24637337 5 0 theme glucose 781:787 arg1 conversion 789:798 The glucose conversion 777:798 The glucose conversion 777:798 The glucose conversion increased with the raise of pretreatment temperature and the prolongation of time, and the maximum conversion of 75.7% was achieved for the sample pretreated at 200°C for 120 min, whereas the untreated sample was only 15.7%. 24637337 5 1 theme % 917:917 arg1 conversion 899:908 the maximum conversion 887:908 the maximum conversion of 75.7% 887:917 The glucose conversion increased with the raise of pretreatment temperature and the prolongation of time, and the maximum conversion of 75.7% was achieved for the sample pretreated at 200°C for 120 min, whereas the untreated sample was only 15.7%. 24637337 1 2 from 140-200°C 164:172 arg1 water 155:159 hot water 151:159 hot water at 140-200°C for different times (10-120 min) 151:205 Bamboo was non-isothermally pretreated with hot water at 140-200°C for different times (10-120 min). 24637337 2 3 theme cellulose 284:292 arg1 crystallinity 294:306 cellulose crystallinity 284:306 cellulose crystallinity 284:306 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 0 4 theme hydrothermal 80:91 arg1 pretreatment 93:104 hydrothermal pretreatment 80:104 hydrothermal pretreatment 80:104 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) culm by hydrothermal pretreatment. 24637337 2 5 from effects 212:218 arg1 degradation 254:264 the degradation 250:264 the degradation of carbohydrates 250:281 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 5 from effects 212:218 arg1 yield 396:400 glucose yield 388:400 glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis 388:432 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 5 from effects 212:218 arg1 crystallinity 294:306 cellulose crystallinity 284:306 cellulose crystallinity 284:306 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 5 from effects 212:218 arg1 change 359:364 morphologic change 347:364 morphologic change of the feedstock 347:381 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 5 from effects 212:218 arg1 removal/relocation 317:334 partial removal/relocation 309:334 partial removal/relocation of lignin 309:344 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 4 6 theme raw 598:600 arg1 material 602:609 the raw material 594:609 the raw material 594:609 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 3 7 theme hemicelluloses 502:515 arg1 removal 467:473 The effective removal 453:473 The effective removal of amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses 453:515 The effective removal of amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses led to the increase of crystalline index of the residues. 24637337 5 8 dep the 815:817 arg1 raise 819:823 raise 819:823 raise 819:823 The glucose conversion increased with the raise of pretreatment temperature and the prolongation of time, and the maximum conversion of 75.7% was achieved for the sample pretreated at 200°C for 120 min, whereas the untreated sample was only 15.7%. 24637337 3 9 theme amorphous 478:486 arg1 cellulose 488:496 amorphous cellulose 478:496 amorphous cellulose 478:496 The effective removal of amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses led to the increase of crystalline index of the residues. 24637337 2 10 theme carbohydrates 269:281 arg1 removal/relocation 317:334 partial removal/relocation 309:334 partial removal/relocation of lignin 309:344 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 10 theme carbohydrates 269:281 arg1 yield 396:400 glucose yield 388:400 glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis 388:432 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 10 theme carbohydrates 269:281 arg1 change 359:364 morphologic change 347:364 morphologic change of the feedstock 347:381 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 10 theme carbohydrates 269:281 arg1 crystallinity 294:306 cellulose crystallinity 284:306 cellulose crystallinity 284:306 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 10 theme carbohydrates 269:281 arg1 degradation 254:264 the degradation 250:264 the degradation of carbohydrates 250:281 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 6 11 theme hydrothermal 1053:1064 arg1 pretreatment 1066:1077 hydrothermal pretreatment 1053:1077 hydrothermal pretreatment 1053:1077 The result illustrated that hydrothermal pretreatment affected the composition of bamboo, and remarkably enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. 24637337 3 12 theme index 552:556 arg1 increase 528:535 the increase 524:535 the increase of crystalline index of the residues 524:572 The effective removal of amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses led to the increase of crystalline index of the residues. 24637337 1 13 theme different 178:186 arg1 times 188:192 different times 178:192 different times (10-120 min) 178:205 Bamboo was non-isothermally pretreated with hot water at 140-200°C for different times (10-120 min). 24637337 1 13 theme different 178:186 arg1 min 202:204 10-120 min 195:204 10-120 min 195:204 Bamboo was non-isothermally pretreated with hot water at 140-200°C for different times (10-120 min). 24637337 0 14 theme enzymatic 9:17 arg1 hydrolysis 19:28 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis 0:28 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) 0:70 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) culm by hydrothermal pretreatment. 24637337 4 15 theme intense 744:750 arg1 conditions 765:774 the intense pretreatment conditions 740:774 the intense pretreatment conditions 740:774 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 4 16 from irregular 654:662 arg1 comparison 578:587 comparison 578:587 comparison with the raw material 578:609 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 4 17 theme lignin 677:682 arg1 droplets 684:691 numerous lignin droplets 668:691 numerous lignin droplets 668:691 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 0 18 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 hydrolysis 19:28 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis 0:28 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) 0:70 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) culm by hydrothermal pretreatment. 24637337 2 19 theme partial 309:315 arg1 removal/relocation 317:334 partial removal/relocation 309:334 partial removal/relocation of lignin 309:344 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 4 20 theme numerous 668:675 arg1 droplets 684:691 numerous lignin droplets 668:691 numerous lignin droplets 668:691 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 5 21 theme pretreatment 828:839 arg1 temperature 841:851 pretreatment temperature 828:851 pretreatment temperature 828:851 The glucose conversion increased with the raise of pretreatment temperature and the prolongation of time, and the maximum conversion of 75.7% was achieved for the sample pretreated at 200°C for 120 min, whereas the untreated sample was only 15.7%. 24637337 3 22 theme residues 565:572 arg1 index 552:556 crystalline index 540:556 crystalline index of the residues 540:572 The effective removal of amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses led to the increase of crystalline index of the residues. 24637337 4 23 theme pretreated 631:640 arg1 samples 642:648 the pretreated samples 627:648 the pretreated samples 627:648 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 6 24 theme hydrolysis 1153:1162 arg1 efficiency 1164:1173 the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 1139:1173 the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 1139:1173 The result illustrated that hydrothermal pretreatment affected the composition of bamboo, and remarkably enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. 24637337 3 25 theme crystalline 540:550 arg1 index 552:556 crystalline index 540:556 crystalline index of the residues 540:572 The effective removal of amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses led to the increase of crystalline index of the residues. 24637337 4 26 theme pretreatment 752:763 arg1 conditions 765:774 the intense pretreatment conditions 740:774 the intense pretreatment conditions 740:774 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 2 27 theme enzymatic 413:421 arg1 hydrolysis 423:432 the enzymatic hydrolysis 409:432 the enzymatic hydrolysis 409:432 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 28 theme pretreatment 223:234 arg1 conditions 236:245 pretreatment conditions 223:245 pretreatment conditions 223:245 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 5 29 theme maximum 891:897 arg1 conversion 899:908 the maximum conversion 887:908 the maximum conversion of 75.7% 887:917 The glucose conversion increased with the raise of pretreatment temperature and the prolongation of time, and the maximum conversion of 75.7% was achieved for the sample pretreated at 200°C for 120 min, whereas the untreated sample was only 15.7%. 24637337 3 30 theme effective 457:465 arg1 removal 467:473 The effective removal 453:473 The effective removal of amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses 453:515 The effective removal of amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses led to the increase of crystalline index of the residues. 24637337 0 31 theme bamboo 33:38 arg1 hydrolysis 19:28 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis 0:28 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) 0:70 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) culm by hydrothermal pretreatment. 24637337 4 32 theme samples 642:648 arg1 surface 616:622 the surface 612:622 the surface of the pretreated samples 612:648 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 4 32 theme samples 642:648 arg1 irregular 654:662 irregular 654:662 irregular 654:662 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 6 33 theme bamboo 1107:1112 arg1 composition 1092:1102 the composition 1088:1102 the composition of bamboo 1088:1112 The result illustrated that hydrothermal pretreatment affected the composition of bamboo, and remarkably enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. 24637337 2 34 theme morphologic 347:357 arg1 change 359:364 morphologic change 347:364 morphologic change of the feedstock 347:381 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 0 35 dep bamboo 33:38 arg1 Munro 65:69 Munro 65:69 Munro 65:69 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) culm by hydrothermal pretreatment. 24637337 0 35 dep bamboo 33:38 arg1 giganteus 55:63 Dendrocalamus giganteus 41:63 Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro 41:69 Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) culm by hydrothermal pretreatment. 24637337 4 36 theme cellulose 709:717 arg1 surface 726:732 the cellulose bundle surface 705:732 the cellulose bundle surface 705:732 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 4 37 theme bundle 719:724 arg1 surface 726:732 the cellulose bundle surface 705:732 the cellulose bundle surface 705:732 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 1 38 theme hot 151:153 arg1 water 155:159 hot water 151:159 hot water at 140-200°C for different times (10-120 min) 151:205 Bamboo was non-isothermally pretreated with hot water at 140-200°C for different times (10-120 min). 24637337 2 39 theme lignin 339:344 arg1 removal/relocation 317:334 partial removal/relocation 309:334 partial removal/relocation of lignin 309:344 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 39 theme lignin 339:344 arg1 yield 396:400 glucose yield 388:400 glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis 388:432 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 39 theme lignin 339:344 arg1 change 359:364 morphologic change 347:364 morphologic change of the feedstock 347:381 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 39 theme lignin 339:344 arg1 crystallinity 294:306 cellulose crystallinity 284:306 cellulose crystallinity 284:306 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 39 theme lignin 339:344 arg1 degradation 254:264 the degradation 250:264 the degradation of carbohydrates 250:281 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 6 40 theme enzymatic 1143:1151 arg1 efficiency 1164:1173 the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 1139:1173 the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency 1139:1173 The result illustrated that hydrothermal pretreatment affected the composition of bamboo, and remarkably enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. 24637337 4 41 with comparison 578:587 arg1 material 602:609 the raw material 594:609 the raw material 594:609 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 3 42 theme cellulose 488:496 arg1 removal 467:473 The effective removal 453:473 The effective removal of amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses 453:515 The effective removal of amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses led to the increase of crystalline index of the residues. 24637337 5 43 theme time 877:880 arg1 temperature 841:851 pretreatment temperature 828:851 pretreatment temperature 828:851 The glucose conversion increased with the raise of pretreatment temperature and the prolongation of time, and the maximum conversion of 75.7% was achieved for the sample pretreated at 200°C for 120 min, whereas the untreated sample was only 15.7%. 24637337 5 43 theme time 877:880 arg1 prolongation 861:872 the prolongation 857:872 the prolongation of time 857:880 The glucose conversion increased with the raise of pretreatment temperature and the prolongation of time, and the maximum conversion of 75.7% was achieved for the sample pretreated at 200°C for 120 min, whereas the untreated sample was only 15.7%. 24637337 5 44 theme untreated 992:1000 arg1 sample 1002:1007 the untreated sample 988:1007 the untreated sample 988:1007 The glucose conversion increased with the raise of pretreatment temperature and the prolongation of time, and the maximum conversion of 75.7% was achieved for the sample pretreated at 200°C for 120 min, whereas the untreated sample was only 15.7%. 24637337 5 44 theme untreated 992:1000 arg1 % 1022:1022 only 15.7% 1013:1022 only 15.7% 1013:1022 The glucose conversion increased with the raise of pretreatment temperature and the prolongation of time, and the maximum conversion of 75.7% was achieved for the sample pretreated at 200°C for 120 min, whereas the untreated sample was only 15.7%. 24637337 2 45 theme feedstock 373:381 arg1 removal/relocation 317:334 partial removal/relocation 309:334 partial removal/relocation of lignin 309:344 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 45 theme feedstock 373:381 arg1 yield 396:400 glucose yield 388:400 glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis 388:432 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 45 theme feedstock 373:381 arg1 change 359:364 morphologic change 347:364 morphologic change of the feedstock 347:381 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 45 theme feedstock 373:381 arg1 crystallinity 294:306 cellulose crystallinity 284:306 cellulose crystallinity 284:306 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 45 theme feedstock 373:381 arg1 degradation 254:264 the degradation 250:264 the degradation of carbohydrates 250:281 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 46 theme glucose 388:394 arg1 yield 396:400 glucose yield 388:400 glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis 388:432 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 2 47 theme conditions 236:245 arg1 effects 212:218 The effects 208:218 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis 208:432 The effects of pretreatment conditions on the degradation of carbohydrates, cellulose crystallinity, partial removal/relocation of lignin, morphologic change of the feedstock, and glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. 24637337 4 48 from comparison 578:587 arg1 surface 616:622 the surface 612:622 the surface of the pretreated samples 612:648 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 24637337 4 48 from comparison 578:587 arg1 irregular 654:662 irregular 654:662 irregular 654:662 In comparison with the raw material, the surface of the pretreated samples was irregular and numerous lignin droplets appeared on the cellulose bundle surface under the intense pretreatment conditions. 27106077 0 0 theme vinyl 84:88 arg1 alcohol 90:96 vinyl alcohol 84:96 vinyl alcohol 84:96 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 2 1 theme due 466:468 arg1 range 460:464 a lower frequency range 442:464 a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan 442:528 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 4 2 theme homogenous 665:674 arg1 structure 676:684 a compact and homogenous structure 651:684 a compact and homogenous structure 651:684 The morphology study of chitosan and composite films showed a compact and homogenous structure. 27106077 8 3 theme high 1071:1074 arg1 activities 1088:1097 high antioxidant activities 1071:1097 high antioxidant activities monitored by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching activity 1071:1217 In addition, the prepared films demonstrated high antioxidant activities monitored by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching activity. 27106077 1 4 theme biodegradable 160:172 arg1 films 180:184 biodegradable blend films 160:184 biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) 160:227 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 5 5 theme PVA 747:749 arg1 content 751:757 PVA content 747:757 PVA content 747:757 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased with PVA content. 27106077 6 6 theme pure 856:859 arg1 film 865:868 pure PVA film 856:868 pure PVA film 856:868 In fact, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (53.58 MPa and 454 %) occurs with pure PVA film. 27106077 6 7 theme tensile 781:787 arg1 strength 789:796 the highest tensile strength 769:796 the highest tensile strength 769:796 In fact, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (53.58 MPa and 454 %) occurs with pure PVA film. 27106077 1 8 theme blend 174:178 arg1 films 180:184 biodegradable blend films 160:184 biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) 160:227 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 8 9 theme DPPH 1143:1146 arg1 radical-scavenging 1149:1166 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging 1112:1166 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging 1112:1166 In addition, the prepared films demonstrated high antioxidant activities monitored by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching activity. 27106077 9 10 theme Gram-positive 1304:1316 arg1 bacteria 1336:1343 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 1304:1343 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested 1304:1350 Nevertheless, PVA addition reduced antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested. 27106077 6 11 theme highest 773:779 arg1 strength 789:796 the highest tensile strength 769:796 the highest tensile strength 769:796 In fact, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (53.58 MPa and 454 %) occurs with pure PVA film. 27106077 1 12 dep development 124:134 arg1 The 120:122 The 120:122 The 120:122 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 4 13 theme composite 628:636 arg1 films 638:642 chitosan and composite films 615:642 chitosan and composite films 615:642 The morphology study of chitosan and composite films showed a compact and homogenous structure. 27106077 4 14 theme compact 653:659 arg1 structure 676:684 a compact and homogenous structure 651:684 a compact and homogenous structure 651:684 The morphology study of chitosan and composite films showed a compact and homogenous structure. 27106077 0 15 dep biodegradable 99:111 arg1 alcohol 90:96 vinyl alcohol 84:96 vinyl alcohol 84:96 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 2 16 dep Fourier 298:304 arg1 transform 306:314 transform 306:314 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films 306:399 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 0 17 theme films 113:117 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 0 17 theme films 113:117 arg1 properties 55:64 and antioxidant and antibacterial properties 21:64 and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films 21:117 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 9 18 theme Gram-negative 1322:1334 arg1 bacteria 1336:1343 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 1304:1343 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested 1304:1350 Nevertheless, PVA addition reduced antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested. 27106077 7 19 theme PVA 895:897 arg1 incorporation 899:911 PVA incorporation 895:911 PVA incorporation in the blends 895:925 The results showed that PVA incorporation in the blends contributes to increase the intermolecular interactions, thus improving the mechanical properties. 27106077 2 20 dep chitosan-poly 356:368 arg1 alcohol 377:383 vinyl alcohol 371:383 vinyl alcohol 371:383 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 1 21 theme films 180:184 arg1 development 124:134 development 124:134 development 124:134 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 1 21 theme films 180:184 arg1 characterization 140:155 characterization 140:155 characterization 140:155 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 8 22 theme bleaching 1200:1208 arg1 activity 1210:1217 β-carotene bleaching activity 1189:1217 β-carotene bleaching activity 1189:1217 In addition, the prepared films demonstrated high antioxidant activities monitored by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching activity. 27106077 2 23 dep showed 401:406 arg1 shifting 430:437 shifting 430:437 showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan 401:528 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 6 24 from break 816:820 arg1 elongation 802:811 elongation at break 802:820 elongation at break 802:820 In fact, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (53.58 MPa and 454 %) occurs with pure PVA film. 27106077 6 24 from break 816:820 arg1 at 813:814 elongation at break 802:820 elongation at break 802:820 In fact, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (53.58 MPa and 454 %) occurs with pure PVA film. 27106077 8 25 theme prepared 1043:1050 arg1 films 1052:1056 the prepared films 1039:1056 the prepared films 1039:1056 In addition, the prepared films demonstrated high antioxidant activities monitored by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching activity. 27106077 2 26 theme lower 444:448 arg1 range 460:464 a lower frequency range 442:464 a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan 442:528 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 2 27 theme hydrogen 473:480 arg1 bonding 482:488 hydrogen bonding 473:488 hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan 473:528 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 2 28 theme vinyl 371:375 arg1 alcohol 377:383 vinyl alcohol 371:383 vinyl alcohol 371:383 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 0 29 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 0 29 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 properties 55:64 and antioxidant and antibacterial properties 21:64 and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films 21:117 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 7 30 from incorporation 899:911 arg1 blends 920:925 the blends 916:925 the blends 916:925 The results showed that PVA incorporation in the blends contributes to increase the intermolecular interactions, thus improving the mechanical properties. 27106077 3 31 theme chitosan 535:542 arg1 polymers 552:559 The chitosan and PVA polymers 531:559 The chitosan and PVA polymers 531:559 The chitosan and PVA polymers presented good compatibility. 27106077 8 32 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1112:1140 arg1 radical-scavenging 1149:1166 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging 1112:1166 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging 1112:1166 In addition, the prepared films demonstrated high antioxidant activities monitored by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching activity. 27106077 4 33 theme films 638:642 arg1 study 606:610 The morphology study 591:610 The morphology study of chitosan and composite films 591:642 The morphology study of chitosan and composite films showed a compact and homogenous structure. 27106077 2 34 theme characteristics 408:422 arg1 peaks 424:428 characteristics peaks 408:428 characteristics peaks 408:428 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 1 35 theme biological 262:271 arg1 activities 273:282 biological activities 262:282 biological activities 262:282 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 0 36 dep chitosan-poly 69:81 arg1 biodegradable 99:111 biodegradable 99:111 biodegradable 99:111 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 2 37 theme films 395:399 arg1 spectra 345:351 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 316:351 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films 316:399 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 1 38 theme activities 273:282 arg1 activities 273:282 biological activities 262:282 biological activities 262:282 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 1 38 theme activities 273:282 arg1 variety 251:257 a variety 249:257 a variety of biological activities 249:282 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 9 39 theme PVA 1234:1236 arg1 addition 1238:1245 PVA addition 1234:1245 PVA addition 1234:1245 Nevertheless, PVA addition reduced antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested. 27106077 6 40 theme PVA 861:863 arg1 film 865:868 pure PVA film 856:868 pure PVA film 856:868 In fact, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (53.58 MPa and 454 %) occurs with pure PVA film. 27106077 4 41 theme morphology 595:604 arg1 study 606:610 The morphology study 591:610 The morphology study of chitosan and composite films 591:642 The morphology study of chitosan and composite films showed a compact and homogenous structure. 27106077 2 42 theme frequency 450:458 arg1 range 460:464 a lower frequency range 442:464 a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan 442:528 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 1 43 from use 242:244 arg1 activities 273:282 biological activities 262:282 biological activities 262:282 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 1 43 from use 242:244 arg1 variety 251:257 a variety 249:257 a variety of biological activities 249:282 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 5 44 theme tensile 691:697 arg1 strength 699:706 tensile strength 691:706 tensile strength 691:706 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased with PVA content. 27106077 4 45 theme chitosan 615:622 arg1 films 638:642 chitosan and composite films 615:642 chitosan and composite films 615:642 The morphology study of chitosan and composite films showed a compact and homogenous structure. 27106077 0 46 theme antioxidant 25:35 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 0 46 theme antioxidant 25:35 arg1 properties 55:64 and antioxidant and antibacterial properties 21:64 and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films 21:117 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 2 47 theme PVA 505:507 arg1 -NH2 513:516 -NH2 513:516 -NH2 of chitosan 513:528 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 2 47 theme PVA 505:507 arg1 -OH 498:500 -OH 498:500 -OH of PVA 498:507 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 7 48 theme intermolecular 955:968 arg1 interactions 970:981 the intermolecular interactions 951:981 the intermolecular interactions 951:981 The results showed that PVA incorporation in the blends contributes to increase the intermolecular interactions, thus improving the mechanical properties. 27106077 1 49 theme vinyl 214:218 arg1 poly 208:211 poly 208:211 poly (vinyl alcohol) 208:227 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 1 49 theme vinyl 214:218 arg1 alcohol 220:226 vinyl alcohol 214:226 vinyl alcohol 214:226 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 27106077 6 50 dep strength 789:796 arg1 53.58 MPa 823:831 53.58 MPa 823:831 53.58 MPa 823:831 In fact, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (53.58 MPa and 454 %) occurs with pure PVA film. 27106077 6 50 dep strength 789:796 arg1 % 841:841 454 % 837:841 454 % 837:841 In fact, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (53.58 MPa and 454 %) occurs with pure PVA film. 27106077 8 51 theme antioxidant 1076:1086 arg1 activities 1088:1097 high antioxidant activities 1071:1097 high antioxidant activities monitored by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching activity 1071:1217 In addition, the prepared films demonstrated high antioxidant activities monitored by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching activity. 27106077 2 52 theme FTIR 339:342 arg1 spectra 345:351 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 316:351 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films 316:399 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 0 53 theme antibacterial 41:53 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 0 53 theme antibacterial 41:53 arg1 properties 55:64 and antioxidant and antibacterial properties 21:64 and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films 21:117 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 6 54 theme at 813:814 arg1 break 816:820 elongation at break 802:820 elongation at break 802:820 In fact, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (53.58 MPa and 454 %) occurs with pure PVA film. 27106077 3 55 theme PVA 548:550 arg1 polymers 552:559 The chitosan and PVA polymers 531:559 The chitosan and PVA polymers 531:559 The chitosan and PVA polymers presented good compatibility. 27106077 8 56 theme β-carotene 1189:1198 arg1 activity 1210:1217 β-carotene bleaching activity 1189:1217 β-carotene bleaching activity 1189:1217 In addition, the prepared films demonstrated high antioxidant activities monitored by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching activity. 27106077 5 57 dep strength 699:706 arg1 The 687:689 The 687:689 The 687:689 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased with PVA content. 27106077 6 58 theme elongation 802:811 arg1 break 816:820 elongation at break 802:820 elongation at break 802:820 In fact, the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (53.58 MPa and 454 %) occurs with pure PVA film. 27106077 2 59 theme spectroscopy 325:336 arg1 spectra 345:351 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 316:351 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films 316:399 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 2 60 theme chitosan 521:528 arg1 -NH2 513:516 -NH2 513:516 -NH2 of chitosan 513:528 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 2 60 theme chitosan 521:528 arg1 -OH 498:500 -OH 498:500 -OH of PVA 498:507 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 5 61 from break 726:730 arg1 elongation 712:721 elongation 712:721 elongation 712:721 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased with PVA content. 27106077 5 61 from break 726:730 arg1 strength 699:706 tensile strength 691:706 tensile strength 691:706 The tensile strength and elongation at break increased with PVA content. 27106077 2 62 theme infrared 316:323 arg1 spectra 345:351 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 316:351 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films 316:399 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 0 63 theme chitosan-poly 69:81 arg1 films 113:117 chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films 69:117 chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films 69:117 Structural analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) biodegradable films. 27106077 3 64 theme good 571:574 arg1 compatibility 576:588 good compatibility 571:588 good compatibility 571:588 The chitosan and PVA polymers presented good compatibility. 27106077 2 65 theme chitosan-poly 356:368 arg1 Ch/PVA 387:392 Ch/PVA 387:392 Ch/PVA 387:392 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 2 65 theme chitosan-poly 356:368 arg1 films 395:399 chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films 356:399 chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films 356:399 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Ch/PVA) films showed characteristics peaks shifting to a lower frequency range due to hydrogen bonding between -OH of PVA and -NH2 of chitosan. 27106077 9 66 theme antibacterial 1271:1283 arg1 activities 1285:1294 antibacterial activities 1271:1294 antibacterial activities 1271:1294 Nevertheless, PVA addition reduced antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested. 27106077 7 67 theme mechanical 1003:1012 arg1 properties 1014:1023 the mechanical properties 999:1023 the mechanical properties 999:1023 The results showed that PVA incorporation in the blends contributes to increase the intermolecular interactions, thus improving the mechanical properties. 27106077 8 68 theme reducing 1169:1176 arg1 power 1178:1182 reducing power 1169:1182 reducing power 1169:1182 In addition, the prepared films demonstrated high antioxidant activities monitored by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching activity. 27106077 1 69 theme possible 233:240 arg1 use 242:244 possible use 233:244 possible use in a variety of biological activities 233:282 The development and characterization of biodegradable blend films based on chitosan and poly (vinyl alcohol) for possible use in a variety of biological activities are reported. 24141113 1 0 theme potential 410:418 arg1 public 265:270 serious public 257:270 serious public 257:270 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 0 theme potential 410:418 arg1 biomarker 420:428 a potential biomarker 408:428 a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses 408:450 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 3 1 theme blue 717:720 arg1 PB 723:724 Prussian blue (PB) 708:725 Prussian blue (PB) 708:725 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 3 1 theme blue 717:720 arg1 immunosensor 642:653 the immunosensor 638:653 the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 638:705 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 1 2 theme serious 257:263 arg1 public 265:270 serious public 257:270 serious public 257:270 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 2 theme serious 257:263 arg1 biomarker 420:428 a potential biomarker 408:428 a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses 408:450 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 3 with virulence 292:300 arg1 types 352:356 major types 346:356 major types of infectious diarrhea diseases 346:388 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 4 4 theme response 1056:1063 arg1 range 1065:1069 a better linear response range 1040:1069 a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) 1040:1151 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 5 dep 320 1085:1087 arg1 to 1082:1083 to 1082:1083 to 1082:1083 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 1 6 theme contributing 168:179 arg1 factors 181:187 the primary contributing factors 156:187 the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases 156:243 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 7 theme diarrhea 372:379 arg1 diseases 381:388 infectious diarrhea diseases 361:388 infectious diarrhea diseases 361:388 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 6 8 contain has 1459:1461 arg2 potential 1467:1475 the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach 1463:1577 the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach 1463:1577 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 6 8 contain has 1459:1461 arg1 immunoassay 1447:1457 the developed immunoassay 1433:1457 the developed immunoassay 1433:1457 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 3 9 from nanocarrier 840:850 arg1 strategy 883:890 a multienzyme amplification strategy 855:890 a multienzyme amplification strategy 855:890 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 4 10 theme better 1042:1047 arg1 range 1065:1069 a better linear response range 1040:1069 a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) 1040:1151 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 3 11 theme enhanced 583:590 arg1 sensitivity 592:602 Greatly enhanced sensitivity 575:602 Greatly enhanced sensitivity 575:602 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 6 12 theme clinical 1500:1507 arg1 detection 1509:1517 clinical detection 1500:1517 clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers 1500:1550 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 2 13 theme electrochemical 545:559 arg1 immunosensor 561:572 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 529:572 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 529:572 Thus, a simple method for the determination of Tcd B was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor. 24141113 6 14 theme alternative 1558:1568 arg1 application 1485:1495 application 1485:1495 application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers 1485:1550 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 6 14 theme alternative 1558:1568 arg1 approach 1570:1577 an alternative approach 1555:1577 an alternative approach 1555:1577 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 3 15 theme GA 759:760 arg1 immunosensor 642:653 the immunosensor 638:653 the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 638:705 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 3 15 theme GA 759:760 arg1 composite 763:771 Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite 743:771 Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite 743:771 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 3 16 theme Glutaraldehyde 743:756 arg1 immunosensor 642:653 the immunosensor 638:653 the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 638:705 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 3 16 theme Glutaraldehyde 743:756 arg1 composite 763:771 Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite 743:771 Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite 743:771 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 0 17 theme difficile 78:86 arg1 B 94:94 Clostridium difficile toxin B 66:94 Clostridium difficile toxin B detection 66:104 Simple approach for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection. 24141113 1 18 with persistence 329:339 arg1 types 352:356 major types 346:356 major types of infectious diarrhea diseases 346:388 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 2 19 theme simple 461:466 arg1 method 468:473 a simple method 459:473 a simple method for the determination of Tcd B 459:504 Thus, a simple method for the determination of Tcd B was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor. 24141113 0 20 theme B 94:94 arg1 detection 96:104 Clostridium difficile toxin B detection 66:104 Clostridium difficile toxin B detection 66:104 Simple approach for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection. 24141113 3 21 dep electrode 788:796 arg1 using 809:813 using 809:813 as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy 798:890 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 1 22 with ability 317:323 arg1 types 352:356 major types 346:356 major types of infectious diarrhea diseases 346:388 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 2 23 theme Tcd 500:502 arg1 B 504:504 Tcd B 500:504 Tcd B 500:504 Thus, a simple method for the determination of Tcd B was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor. 24141113 1 24 theme major 346:350 arg1 types 352:356 major types 346:356 major types of infectious diarrhea diseases 346:388 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 6 25 theme other 1532:1536 arg1 markers 1544:1550 other tumor markers 1532:1550 other tumor markers 1532:1550 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 4 26 theme pg/mL 1139:1143 arg1 ng/mL 1089:1093 0.003 to 320 ng/mL 1076:1093 0.003 to 320 ng/mL 1076:1093 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 26 theme pg/mL 1139:1143 arg1 LOD 1127:1129 LOD 1127:1129 LOD 1127:1129 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 26 theme pg/mL 1139:1143 arg1 S/N=3 1146:1150 S/N=3 1146:1150 S/N=3 1146:1150 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 26 theme pg/mL 1139:1143 arg1 limit 1107:1111 a lower limit 1099:1111 a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) 1099:1151 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 6 27 theme B 1526:1526 arg1 detection 1509:1517 clinical detection 1500:1517 clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers 1500:1550 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 4 28 theme high 969:972 arg1 sensitivity 974:984 high sensitivity 969:984 high sensitivity 969:984 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 29 theme detection 1116:1124 arg1 ng/mL 1089:1093 0.003 to 320 ng/mL 1076:1093 0.003 to 320 ng/mL 1076:1093 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 29 theme detection 1116:1124 arg1 LOD 1127:1129 LOD 1127:1129 LOD 1127:1129 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 29 theme detection 1116:1124 arg1 S/N=3 1146:1150 S/N=3 1146:1150 S/N=3 1146:1150 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 29 theme detection 1116:1124 arg1 limit 1107:1111 a lower limit 1099:1111 a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) 1099:1151 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 0 30 theme Simple 0:5 arg1 approach 7:14 Simple approach 0:14 Simple approach for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection 0:104 Simple approach for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection. 24141113 3 31 dep oxide 824:828 arg1 GO 831:832 GO 831:832 GO 831:832 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 1 32 theme Clostridium 107:117 arg1 B 135:135 Clostridium difficile toxin B 107:135 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B) 107:143 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 32 theme Clostridium 107:117 arg1 B 142:142 Tcd B 138:142 Tcd B 138:142 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 33 theme toxin 129:133 arg1 B 135:135 Clostridium difficile toxin B 107:135 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B) 107:143 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 33 theme toxin 129:133 arg1 B 142:142 Tcd B 138:142 Tcd B 138:142 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 4 34 theme experimental 1167:1178 arg1 conditions 1180:1189 optimal experimental conditions 1159:1189 optimal experimental conditions 1159:1189 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 0 35 theme electrochemical 35:49 arg1 immunoassay 51:61 ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay 20:61 ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection 20:104 Simple approach for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection. 24141113 4 36 from limit 1107:1111 arg1 range 1065:1069 a better linear response range 1040:1069 a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) 1040:1151 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 3 37 theme amplification 869:881 arg1 strategy 883:890 a multienzyme amplification strategy 855:890 a multienzyme amplification strategy 855:890 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 4 38 theme Tcd 1023:1025 arg1 B 1027:1027 Tcd B 1023:1027 Tcd B 1023:1027 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 3 39 theme carbon 681:686 arg1 MWCNTs 699:704 MWCNTs 699:704 MWCNTs 699:704 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 3 39 theme carbon 681:686 arg1 nanotubes 688:696 layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes 658:696 layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 658:705 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 6 40 from B 1386:1386 arg1 samples 1408:1414 real human stool samples 1391:1414 real human stool samples 1391:1414 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 6 41 theme real 1391:1394 arg1 samples 1408:1414 real human stool samples 1391:1414 real human stool samples 1391:1414 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 4 42 from ng/mL 1089:1093 arg1 range 1065:1069 a better linear response range 1040:1069 a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) 1040:1151 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 3 43 theme layer-by-layer 658:671 arg1 MWCNTs 699:704 MWCNTs 699:704 MWCNTs 699:704 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 3 43 theme layer-by-layer 658:671 arg1 nanotubes 688:696 layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes 658:696 layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 658:705 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 5 44 theme good 1252:1255 arg1 specificity 1257:1267 good specificity 1252:1267 good specificity 1252:1267 The immunosensor exhibited convenience, low cost, rapidity, good specificity, acceptable stability and reproducibility. 24141113 6 45 theme B 1386:1386 arg1 determination 1365:1377 the determination 1361:1377 the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples 1361:1414 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 1 46 theme difficile-associated 215:234 arg1 diseases 236:243 C. difficile-associated diseases 212:243 C. difficile-associated diseases 212:243 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 47 from biomarker 420:428 arg1 diagnoses 442:450 clinical diagnoses 433:450 clinical diagnoses 433:450 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 48 theme clinical 433:440 arg1 diagnoses 442:450 clinical diagnoses 433:450 clinical diagnoses 433:450 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 6 49 theme developed 1437:1445 arg1 immunoassay 1447:1457 the developed immunoassay 1433:1457 the developed immunoassay 1433:1457 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 3 50 theme Prussian 708:715 arg1 PB 723:724 Prussian blue (PB) 708:725 Prussian blue (PB) 708:725 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 3 50 theme Prussian 708:715 arg1 immunosensor 642:653 the immunosensor 638:653 the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 638:705 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 1 51 theme primary 160:166 arg1 factors 181:187 the primary contributing factors 156:187 the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases 156:243 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 6 52 theme markers 1544:1550 arg1 detection 1509:1517 clinical detection 1500:1517 clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers 1500:1550 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 1 53 theme factors 181:187 arg1 factors 181:187 the primary contributing factors 156:187 the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases 156:243 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 53 theme factors 181:187 arg1 one 149:151 one 149:151 one 149:151 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 4 54 theme linear 1049:1054 arg1 range 1065:1069 a better linear response range 1040:1069 a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) 1040:1151 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 1 55 theme diseases 381:388 arg1 types 352:356 major types 346:356 major types of infectious diarrhea diseases 346:388 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 6 56 theme stool 1402:1406 arg1 samples 1408:1414 real human stool samples 1391:1414 real human stool samples 1391:1414 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 2 57 theme B 504:504 arg1 determination 483:495 the determination 479:495 the determination of Tcd B 479:504 Thus, a simple method for the determination of Tcd B was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor. 24141113 4 58 theme lower 1101:1105 arg1 LOD 1127:1129 LOD 1127:1129 LOD 1127:1129 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 58 theme lower 1101:1105 arg1 S/N=3 1146:1150 S/N=3 1146:1150 S/N=3 1146:1150 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 58 theme lower 1101:1105 arg1 limit 1107:1111 a lower limit 1099:1111 a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) 1099:1151 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 6 59 from application 1485:1495 arg1 detection 1509:1517 clinical detection 1500:1517 clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers 1500:1550 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 2 60 theme sandwich-type 531:543 arg1 immunosensor 561:572 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 529:572 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 529:572 Thus, a simple method for the determination of Tcd B was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor. 24141113 1 61 theme Tcd 138:140 arg1 B 135:135 Clostridium difficile toxin B 107:135 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B) 107:143 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 61 theme Tcd 138:140 arg1 B 142:142 Tcd B 138:142 Tcd B 138:142 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 0 62 theme toxin 88:92 arg1 B 94:94 Clostridium difficile toxin B 66:94 Clostridium difficile toxin B detection 66:104 Simple approach for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection. 24141113 1 63 used used 400:403 arg2 public 265:270 serious public 257:270 serious public 257:270 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 63 used used 400:403 arg2 biomarker 420:428 a potential biomarker 408:428 a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses 408:450 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 0 64 theme detection 96:104 arg1 immunoassay 51:61 ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay 20:61 ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection 20:104 Simple approach for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection. 24141113 4 65 theme conventional 912:923 arg1 methods 925:931 conventional methods 912:931 conventional methods 912:931 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 3 66 theme working 780:786 arg1 electrode 788:796 the working electrode 776:796 the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy 776:890 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 6 67 theme tumor 1538:1542 arg1 markers 1544:1550 other tumor markers 1532:1550 other tumor markers 1532:1550 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 3 68 theme graphene 815:822 arg1 oxide 824:828 graphene oxide 815:828 graphene oxide (GO) 815:833 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 3 68 theme graphene 815:822 arg1 nanocarrier 840:850 a nanocarrier 838:850 a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy 838:890 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 5 69 theme low 1232:1234 arg1 cost 1236:1239 low cost 1232:1239 low cost 1232:1239 The immunosensor exhibited convenience, low cost, rapidity, good specificity, acceptable stability and reproducibility. 24141113 1 70 theme infectious 361:370 arg1 diseases 381:388 infectious diarrhea diseases 361:388 infectious diarrhea diseases 361:388 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 6 71 theme Tcd 1522:1524 arg1 B 1526:1526 Tcd B 1522:1526 Tcd B 1522:1526 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 6 72 from samples 1408:1414 arg1 determination 1365:1377 the determination 1361:1377 the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples 1361:1414 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 0 73 theme ultrasensitive 20:33 arg1 immunoassay 51:61 ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay 20:61 ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection 20:104 Simple approach for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection. 24141113 1 74 theme difficile 119:127 arg1 B 135:135 Clostridium difficile toxin B 107:135 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B) 107:143 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 1 74 theme difficile 119:127 arg1 B 142:142 Tcd B 138:142 Tcd B 138:142 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 3 75 theme multienzyme 857:867 arg1 strategy 883:890 a multienzyme amplification strategy 855:890 a multienzyme amplification strategy 855:890 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 6 76 theme satisfactory 1322:1333 arg1 results 1335:1341 satisfactory results 1322:1341 satisfactory results 1322:1341 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 5 77 theme acceptable 1270:1279 arg1 stability 1281:1289 acceptable stability 1270:1289 acceptable stability 1270:1289 The immunosensor exhibited convenience, low cost, rapidity, good specificity, acceptable stability and reproducibility. 24141113 0 78 theme Clostridium 66:76 arg1 B 94:94 Clostridium difficile toxin B 66:94 Clostridium difficile toxin B detection 66:104 Simple approach for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin B detection. 24141113 4 79 theme proposed 938:945 arg1 immunoassay 947:957 the proposed immunoassay 934:957 the proposed immunoassay 934:957 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 3 80 theme coating 673:679 arg1 MWCNTs 699:704 MWCNTs 699:704 MWCNTs 699:704 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 3 80 theme coating 673:679 arg1 nanotubes 688:696 layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes 658:696 layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 658:705 Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved based on fabricating the immunosensor by layer-by-layer coating carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Prussian blue (PB), Chitosan (CS), Glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode as well as using graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme amplification strategy. 24141113 6 81 theme human 1396:1400 arg1 samples 1408:1414 real human stool samples 1391:1414 real human stool samples 1391:1414 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 1 82 theme spore-forming 303:315 arg1 ability 317:323 spore-forming ability 303:323 spore-forming ability 303:323 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 6 83 from determination 1365:1377 arg1 samples 1408:1414 real human stool samples 1391:1414 real human stool samples 1391:1414 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 4 84 with comparison 896:905 arg1 methods 925:931 conventional methods 912:931 conventional methods 912:931 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 4 85 theme optimal 1159:1165 arg1 conditions 1180:1189 optimal experimental conditions 1159:1189 optimal experimental conditions 1159:1189 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 1 86 theme C. 212:213 arg1 diseases 236:243 C. difficile-associated diseases 212:243 C. difficile-associated diseases 212:243 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 24141113 4 87 theme B 1027:1027 arg1 detection 1010:1018 the detection 1006:1018 the detection of Tcd B 1006:1027 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunoassay exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Tcd B, providing a better linear response range from 0.003 to 320 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 pg/mL (S/N=3) under optimal experimental conditions. 24141113 6 88 theme Tcd 1382:1384 arg1 B 1386:1386 Tcd B 1382:1386 Tcd B in real human stool samples 1382:1414 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of Tcd B in real human stool samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of Tcd B and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 24141113 1 89 theme diseases 236:243 arg1 pathogenesis 196:207 the pathogenesis 192:207 the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases 192:243 Clostridium difficile toxin B (Tcd B), as one of the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases, has raised serious public concerns due to its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence with major types of infectious diarrhea diseases, and been used as a potential biomarker in clinical diagnoses. 25554524 10 0 from composition 1471:1481 arg1 peaks 1441:1445 peaks 1441:1445 peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition 1441:1481 The FTIR results indicated distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed. 25554524 10 0 from composition 1471:1481 arg1 alterations 1426:1436 distinct alterations 1417:1436 distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed 1417:1518 The FTIR results indicated distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed. 25554524 4 1 theme progenies 598:606 arg1 production 575:584 production 575:584 production of eggs and progenies 575:606 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 4 1 theme progenies 598:606 arg1 span 569:572 the life span 560:572 the life span 560:572 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 10 2 theme peaks 1441:1445 arg1 alterations 1426:1436 distinct alterations 1417:1436 distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed 1417:1518 The FTIR results indicated distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed. 25554524 7 3 theme LTA 914:916 arg1 involvement 899:909 the involvement 895:909 the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection 895:958 To understand the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection, the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes was monitored during host exposure. 25554524 13 4 theme LTA 1878:1880 arg1 production 1882:1891 its LTA production 1874:1891 its LTA production 1874:1891 The observed modifications clearly suggest that the Gram positive pathogen changes its LTA production and possibly the structure to cause a severe pathogenic effect on an interacting host. 25554524 6 5 theme antimicrobial 836:848 arg1 peptides 850:857 antimicrobial peptides 836:857 antimicrobial peptides 836:857 qPCR analysis indicated an upregulation of antimicrobial peptides during LTA exposures. 25554524 2 6 theme immunostimulatory 271:287 arg1 components 289:298 the major virulent and immunostimulatory components 248:298 the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria 248:330 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 5 7 theme immune 649:654 arg1 players 665:671 innate immune specific players 642:671 innate immune specific players 642:671 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 2 8 theme virulent 258:265 arg1 components 289:298 the major virulent and immunostimulatory components 248:298 the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria 248:330 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 4 9 dep elegans 520:526 arg1 show 528:531 show 528:531 show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies 528:606 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 13 10 theme positive 1848:1855 arg1 pathogen 1857:1864 the Gram positive pathogen 1839:1864 the Gram positive pathogen 1839:1864 The observed modifications clearly suggest that the Gram positive pathogen changes its LTA production and possibly the structure to cause a severe pathogenic effect on an interacting host. 25554524 5 11 theme players 665:671 arg1 involvement 627:637 the involvement 623:637 the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level 623:689 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 11 12 theme Staphylococcal 1599:1612 arg1 samples 1614:1620 the host exposed Staphylococcal samples 1582:1620 the host exposed Staphylococcal samples 1582:1620 Further, EIS and CV data displayed clear differences between the host exposed Staphylococcal samples compared to their respective unexposed controls. 25554524 2 13 theme gram 309:312 arg1 bacteria 323:330 gram positive bacteria 309:330 gram positive bacteria 309:330 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 1 14 theme host-pathogen 186:198 arg1 interactions 200:211 host-pathogen interactions 186:211 host-pathogen interactions 186:211 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions. 25554524 5 15 theme candidate 714:722 arg1 genes 738:742 few candidate antimicrobial genes 710:742 few candidate antimicrobial genes 710:742 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 12 16 theme pathogenic 1675:1684 arg1 strains 1705:1711 The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains 1671:1711 The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains 1671:1711 The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains showed different types of regulations and interactions during host exposures. 25554524 4 17 theme physiological 470:482 arg1 assays 484:489 The overall physiological assays 458:489 The overall physiological assays 458:489 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 5 18 theme genes 738:742 arg1 regulation 696:705 the regulation 692:705 the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes 692:742 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 9 19 theme host 1246:1249 arg1 presence 1251:1258 host presence 1246:1258 host presence 1246:1258 Ability of the pathogens to modify their internal machinery during host presence was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses. 25554524 11 20 theme exposed 1591:1597 arg1 samples 1614:1620 the host exposed Staphylococcal samples 1582:1620 the host exposed Staphylococcal samples 1582:1620 Further, EIS and CV data displayed clear differences between the host exposed Staphylococcal samples compared to their respective unexposed controls. 25554524 7 21 theme virulence 1002:1010 arg1 genes 1012:1016 virulence genes 1002:1016 virulence genes 1002:1016 To understand the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection, the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes was monitored during host exposure. 25554524 1 22 theme model 156:160 arg1 elegans 135:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 107:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 107:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions. 25554524 1 22 theme model 156:160 arg1 system 162:167 a model system 154:167 a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions 154:211 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions. 25554524 9 23 dep transform 1285:1293 arg1 infrared 1295:1302 infrared 1295:1302 transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses 1285:1387 Ability of the pathogens to modify their internal machinery during host presence was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses. 25554524 0 24 from Changes 0:6 arg1 factors 72:78 Staphylococcal virulence factors 47:78 Staphylococcal virulence factors 47:78 Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans immunity and Staphylococcal virulence factors during their interactions. 25554524 0 24 from Changes 0:6 arg1 immunity 34:41 Caenorhabditis elegans immunity 11:41 Caenorhabditis elegans immunity 11:41 Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans immunity and Staphylococcal virulence factors during their interactions. 25554524 13 25 theme observed 1795:1802 arg1 modifications 1804:1816 The observed modifications 1791:1816 The observed modifications 1791:1816 The observed modifications clearly suggest that the Gram positive pathogen changes its LTA production and possibly the structure to cause a severe pathogenic effect on an interacting host. 25554524 11 26 dep EIS 1530:1532 arg1 data 1541:1544 data 1541:1544 data 1541:1544 Further, EIS and CV data displayed clear differences between the host exposed Staphylococcal samples compared to their respective unexposed controls. 25554524 9 27 theme electrochemical 1318:1332 arg1 spectroscopy 1344:1355 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 1318:1355 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 1318:1355 Ability of the pathogens to modify their internal machinery during host presence was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses. 25554524 7 28 theme synthase 983:990 arg1 regulation 965:974 the regulation 961:974 the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes 961:1016 To understand the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection, the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes was monitored during host exposure. 25554524 5 29 theme Staphylococcal 763:776 arg1 exposures 782:790 Staphylococcal LTA exposures 763:790 Staphylococcal LTA exposures 763:790 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 13 30 theme interacting 1962:1972 arg1 host 1974:1977 an interacting host 1959:1977 an interacting host 1959:1977 The observed modifications clearly suggest that the Gram positive pathogen changes its LTA production and possibly the structure to cause a severe pathogenic effect on an interacting host. 25554524 9 31 theme cyclic 1361:1366 arg1 analyses 1380:1387 cyclic voltametric analyses 1361:1387 cyclic voltametric analyses 1361:1387 Ability of the pathogens to modify their internal machinery during host presence was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses. 25554524 10 32 theme distinct 1417:1424 arg1 alterations 1426:1436 distinct alterations 1417:1436 distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed 1417:1518 The FTIR results indicated distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed. 25554524 0 33 theme Caenorhabditis 11:24 arg1 immunity 34:41 Caenorhabditis elegans immunity 11:41 Caenorhabditis elegans immunity 11:41 Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans immunity and Staphylococcal virulence factors during their interactions. 25554524 1 34 theme Caenorhabditis 120:133 arg1 elegans 135:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 107:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 107:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions. 25554524 1 34 theme Caenorhabditis 120:133 arg1 system 162:167 a model system 154:167 a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions 154:211 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions. 25554524 12 35 theme different 1720:1728 arg1 types 1730:1734 different types 1720:1734 different types of regulations and interactions 1720:1766 The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains showed different types of regulations and interactions during host exposures. 25554524 13 36 theme pathogenic 1938:1947 arg1 effect 1949:1954 a severe pathogenic effect 1929:1954 a severe pathogenic effect on an interacting host 1929:1977 The observed modifications clearly suggest that the Gram positive pathogen changes its LTA production and possibly the structure to cause a severe pathogenic effect on an interacting host. 25554524 8 37 theme virulence 1117:1125 arg1 fbe 1156:1158 fbe 1156:1158 fbe 1156:1158 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 37 theme virulence 1117:1125 arg1 atoxin 1134:1139 atoxin 1134:1139 atoxin 1134:1139 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 37 theme virulence 1117:1125 arg1 genes 1127:1131 other virulence genes 1111:1131 other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) 1111:1159 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 37 theme virulence 1117:1125 arg1 ssaA 1147:1150 ssaA 1147:1150 ssaA 1147:1150 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 37 theme virulence 1117:1125 arg1 sak 1142:1144 sak 1142:1144 sak 1142:1144 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 0 38 theme Staphylococcal 47:60 arg1 factors 72:78 Staphylococcal virulence factors 47:78 Staphylococcal virulence factors 47:78 Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans immunity and Staphylococcal virulence factors during their interactions. 25554524 4 39 theme life 564:567 arg1 production 575:584 production 575:584 production of eggs and progenies 575:606 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 4 39 theme life 564:567 arg1 span 569:572 the life span 560:572 the life span 560:572 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 2 40 theme Lipoteichoic 214:225 arg1 LTA 233:235 LTA 233:235 LTA 233:235 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 2 40 theme Lipoteichoic 214:225 arg1 acid 227:230 Lipoteichoic acid 214:230 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) 214:236 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 11 41 theme respective 1640:1649 arg1 controls 1661:1668 their respective unexposed controls 1634:1668 their respective unexposed controls 1634:1668 Further, EIS and CV data displayed clear differences between the host exposed Staphylococcal samples compared to their respective unexposed controls. 25554524 11 42 theme unexposed 1651:1659 arg1 controls 1661:1668 their respective unexposed controls 1634:1668 their respective unexposed controls 1634:1668 Further, EIS and CV data displayed clear differences between the host exposed Staphylococcal samples compared to their respective unexposed controls. 25554524 0 43 theme virulence 62:70 arg1 factors 72:78 Staphylococcal virulence factors 47:78 Staphylococcal virulence factors 47:78 Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans immunity and Staphylococcal virulence factors during their interactions. 25554524 4 44 from reduction 547:555 arg1 production 575:584 production 575:584 production of eggs and progenies 575:606 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 4 44 from reduction 547:555 arg1 span 569:572 the life span 560:572 the life span 560:572 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 7 45 theme virulent 928:935 arg1 genes 937:941 other virulent genes 922:941 other virulent genes 922:941 To understand the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection, the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes was monitored during host exposure. 25554524 9 46 dep Fourier 1277:1283 arg1 transform 1285:1293 transform 1285:1293 transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses 1285:1387 Ability of the pathogens to modify their internal machinery during host presence was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses. 25554524 5 47 theme mRNA 680:683 arg1 level 685:689 the mRNA level 676:689 the mRNA level 676:689 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 6 48 theme peptides 850:857 arg1 upregulation 820:831 an upregulation 817:831 an upregulation of antimicrobial peptides during LTA exposures 817:878 qPCR analysis indicated an upregulation of antimicrobial peptides during LTA exposures. 25554524 2 49 theme components 289:298 arg1 components 289:298 the major virulent and immunostimulatory components 248:298 the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria 248:330 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 2 49 theme components 289:298 arg1 one 241:243 one 241:243 one 241:243 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 5 50 theme innate 642:647 arg1 players 665:671 innate immune specific players 642:671 innate immune specific players 642:671 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 9 51 theme pathogens 1194:1202 arg1 Ability 1179:1185 Ability 1179:1185 Ability of the pathogens to modify their internal machinery during host presence 1179:1258 Ability of the pathogens to modify their internal machinery during host presence was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses. 25554524 13 52 theme Gram 1843:1846 arg1 pathogen 1857:1864 the Gram positive pathogen 1839:1864 the Gram positive pathogen 1839:1864 The observed modifications clearly suggest that the Gram positive pathogen changes its LTA production and possibly the structure to cause a severe pathogenic effect on an interacting host. 25554524 5 53 theme specific 656:663 arg1 players 665:671 innate immune specific players 642:671 innate immune specific players 642:671 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 10 54 theme LTA 1467:1469 arg1 composition 1471:1481 Staphylococcal LTA composition 1452:1481 Staphylococcal LTA composition 1452:1481 The FTIR results indicated distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed. 25554524 2 55 theme positive 314:321 arg1 bacteria 323:330 gram positive bacteria 309:330 gram positive bacteria 309:330 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 1 56 used used 146:149 arg2 elegans 135:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 107:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 107:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions. 25554524 1 56 used used 146:149 arg2 system 162:167 a model system 154:167 a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions 154:211 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions. 25554524 10 57 theme Staphylococcal 1452:1465 arg1 composition 1471:1481 Staphylococcal LTA composition 1452:1481 Staphylococcal LTA composition 1452:1481 The FTIR results indicated distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed. 25554524 5 58 theme few 710:712 arg1 genes 738:742 few candidate antimicrobial genes 710:742 few candidate antimicrobial genes 710:742 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 9 59 theme internal 1220:1227 arg1 machinery 1229:1237 their internal machinery 1214:1237 their internal machinery 1214:1237 Ability of the pathogens to modify their internal machinery during host presence was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses. 25554524 1 60 theme interactions 200:211 arg1 study 177:181 the study 173:181 the study of host-pathogen interactions 173:211 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions. 25554524 8 61 dep genes 1127:1131 arg1 atoxin 1134:1139 atoxin 1134:1139 atoxin 1134:1139 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 61 dep genes 1127:1131 arg1 fbe 1156:1158 fbe 1156:1158 fbe 1156:1158 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 61 dep genes 1127:1131 arg1 ssaA 1147:1150 ssaA 1147:1150 ssaA 1147:1150 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 61 dep genes 1127:1131 arg1 genes 1127:1131 other virulence genes 1111:1131 other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) 1111:1159 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 61 dep genes 1127:1131 arg1 sak 1142:1144 sak 1142:1144 sak 1142:1144 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 5 62 theme antimicrobial 724:736 arg1 genes 738:742 few candidate antimicrobial genes 710:742 few candidate antimicrobial genes 710:742 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 4 63 theme significant 535:545 arg1 reduction 547:555 a significant reduction 533:555 a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies 533:606 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 7 64 dep synthase 983:990 arg1 genes 1012:1016 virulence genes 1002:1016 virulence genes 1002:1016 To understand the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection, the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes was monitored during host exposure. 25554524 2 65 theme major 252:256 arg1 components 289:298 the major virulent and immunostimulatory components 248:298 the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria 248:330 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 7 66 theme host 1039:1042 arg1 exposure 1044:1051 host exposure 1039:1051 host exposure 1039:1051 To understand the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection, the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes was monitored during host exposure. 25554524 4 67 theme overall 462:468 arg1 assays 484:489 The overall physiological assays 458:489 The overall physiological assays 458:489 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 5 68 theme LTA 778:780 arg1 exposures 782:790 Staphylococcal LTA exposures 763:790 Staphylococcal LTA exposures 763:790 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 3 69 theme current 337:343 arg1 study 345:349 The current study 333:349 The current study 333:349 The current study used LTA isolated from Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic and non-pathogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis. 25554524 3 70 attach isolated 360:367 arg1 aureus 389:394 Staphylococcus aureus 374:394 Staphylococcus aureus 374:394 The current study used LTA isolated from Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic and non-pathogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis. 25554524 3 70 attach isolated 360:367 arg1 epidermidis 445:455 Staphylococcus epidermidis 430:455 pathogenic and non-pathogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis 400:455 The current study used LTA isolated from Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic and non-pathogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis. 25554524 3 70 attach isolated 360:367 arg2 LTA 356:358 LTA 356:358 LTA isolated from Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic and non-pathogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis 356:455 The current study used LTA isolated from Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic and non-pathogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis. 25554524 11 71 theme clear 1556:1560 arg1 differences 1562:1572 clear differences 1556:1572 clear differences between the host exposed Staphylococcal samples 1556:1620 Further, EIS and CV data displayed clear differences between the host exposed Staphylococcal samples compared to their respective unexposed controls. 25554524 8 72 theme qPCR 1058:1061 arg1 analyses 1063:1070 The qPCR analyses 1054:1070 The qPCR analyses 1054:1070 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 12 73 theme interactions 1755:1766 arg1 types 1730:1734 different types 1720:1734 different types of regulations and interactions 1720:1766 The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains showed different types of regulations and interactions during host exposures. 25554524 0 74 dep Caenorhabditis 11:24 arg1 elegans 26:32 elegans 26:32 elegans 26:32 Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans immunity and Staphylococcal virulence factors during their interactions. 25554524 7 75 theme few 998:1000 arg1 regulation 965:974 the regulation 961:974 the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes 961:1016 To understand the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection, the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes was monitored during host exposure. 25554524 12 76 theme host 1775:1778 arg1 exposures 1780:1788 host exposures 1775:1788 host exposures 1775:1788 The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains showed different types of regulations and interactions during host exposures. 25554524 9 77 theme impedance 1334:1342 arg1 spectroscopy 1344:1355 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 1318:1355 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 1318:1355 Ability of the pathogens to modify their internal machinery during host presence was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses. 25554524 3 78 used used 351:354 arg2 study 345:349 The current study 333:349 The current study 333:349 The current study used LTA isolated from Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic and non-pathogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis. 25554524 10 79 dep exposed 1512:1518 arg1 host 1507:1510 the host 1503:1510 the host 1503:1510 The FTIR results indicated distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed. 25554524 8 80 theme ltaS 1102:1105 arg1 upregulation 1086:1097 the upregulation 1082:1097 the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection 1082:1176 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 7 81 theme LTA 979:981 arg1 synthase 983:990 LTA synthase 979:990 LTA synthase 979:990 To understand the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection, the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes was monitored during host exposure. 25554524 12 82 theme regulations 1739:1749 arg1 types 1730:1734 different types 1720:1734 different types of regulations and interactions 1720:1766 The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains showed different types of regulations and interactions during host exposures. 25554524 9 83 theme voltametric 1368:1378 arg1 analyses 1380:1387 cyclic voltametric analyses 1361:1387 cyclic voltametric analyses 1361:1387 Ability of the pathogens to modify their internal machinery during host presence was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametric analyses. 25554524 8 84 theme other 1111:1115 arg1 fbe 1156:1158 fbe 1156:1158 fbe 1156:1158 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 84 theme other 1111:1115 arg1 atoxin 1134:1139 atoxin 1134:1139 atoxin 1134:1139 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 84 theme other 1111:1115 arg1 genes 1127:1131 other virulence genes 1111:1131 other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) 1111:1159 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 84 theme other 1111:1115 arg1 ssaA 1147:1150 ssaA 1147:1150 ssaA 1147:1150 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 8 84 theme other 1111:1115 arg1 sak 1142:1144 sak 1142:1144 sak 1142:1144 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 1 85 theme nematode 111:118 arg1 elegans 135:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 107:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 107:141 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions. 25554524 1 85 theme nematode 111:118 arg1 system 162:167 a model system 154:167 a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions 154:211 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for the study of host-pathogen interactions. 25554524 12 86 theme non-pathogenic 1690:1703 arg1 strains 1705:1711 The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains 1671:1711 The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains 1671:1711 The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains showed different types of regulations and interactions during host exposures. 25554524 4 87 theme eggs 589:592 arg1 production 575:584 production 575:584 production of eggs and progenies 575:606 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 4 87 theme eggs 589:592 arg1 span 569:572 the life span 560:572 the life span 560:572 The overall physiological assays revealed that LTA exposed C. elegans show a significant reduction in the life span, production of eggs and progenies. 25554524 13 88 theme severe 1931:1936 arg1 effect 1949:1954 a severe pathogenic effect 1929:1954 a severe pathogenic effect on an interacting host 1929:1977 The observed modifications clearly suggest that the Gram positive pathogen changes its LTA production and possibly the structure to cause a severe pathogenic effect on an interacting host. 25554524 8 89 theme genes 1127:1131 arg1 upregulation 1086:1097 the upregulation 1082:1097 the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection 1082:1176 The qPCR analyses indicated the upregulation of ltaS and other virulence genes (atoxin, sak, ssaA and fbe) during infection. 25554524 6 90 theme qPCR 793:796 arg1 analysis 798:805 qPCR analysis 793:805 qPCR analysis 793:805 qPCR analysis indicated an upregulation of antimicrobial peptides during LTA exposures. 25554524 2 91 located found 300:304 arg1 bacteria 323:330 gram positive bacteria 309:330 gram positive bacteria 309:330 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 2 91 located found 300:304 arg2 components 289:298 the major virulent and immunostimulatory components 248:298 the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria 248:330 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of the major virulent and immunostimulatory components found in gram positive bacteria. 25554524 5 92 from level 685:689 arg1 involvement 627:637 the involvement 623:637 the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level 623:689 To understand the involvement of innate immune specific players at the mRNA level, the regulation of few candidate antimicrobial genes was studied during Staphylococcal LTA exposures. 25554524 10 93 from alterations 1426:1436 arg1 composition 1471:1481 Staphylococcal LTA composition 1452:1481 Staphylococcal LTA composition 1452:1481 The FTIR results indicated distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed. 25554524 7 94 theme genes 937:941 arg1 involvement 899:909 the involvement 895:909 the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection 895:958 To understand the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection, the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes was monitored during host exposure. 25554524 6 95 theme LTA 866:868 arg1 exposures 870:878 LTA exposures 866:878 LTA exposures 866:878 qPCR analysis indicated an upregulation of antimicrobial peptides during LTA exposures. 25554524 13 96 from effect 1949:1954 arg1 host 1974:1977 an interacting host 1959:1977 an interacting host 1959:1977 The observed modifications clearly suggest that the Gram positive pathogen changes its LTA production and possibly the structure to cause a severe pathogenic effect on an interacting host. 25554524 11 97 dep exposed 1591:1597 arg1 host 1586:1589 host 1586:1589 host 1586:1589 Further, EIS and CV data displayed clear differences between the host exposed Staphylococcal samples compared to their respective unexposed controls. 25554524 10 98 theme FTIR 1394:1397 arg1 results 1399:1405 The FTIR results 1390:1405 The FTIR results 1390:1405 The FTIR results indicated distinct alterations of peaks from Staphylococcal LTA composition between control and the host exposed. 25554524 7 99 theme other 922:926 arg1 genes 937:941 other virulent genes 922:941 other virulent genes 922:941 To understand the involvement of LTA and other virulent genes during infection, the regulation of LTA synthase and a few virulence genes was monitored during host exposure. 26243706 3 0 theme flow 1038:1041 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 0 theme flow 1038:1041 arg1 rate 1043:1046 1.9mL/min flow rate 1028:1046 1.9mL/min flow rate 1028:1046 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 1 1 theme relevant 280:287 arg1 matrices 303:310 relevant environmental matrices 280:310 relevant environmental matrices 280:310 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 3 2 theme regulator 779:787 arg1 pressure 789:796 automated backpressure regulator pressure 756:796 automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR) 756:803 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 2 theme regulator 779:787 arg1 variables 700:708 the chromatographic variables 680:708 the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 680:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 2 theme regulator 779:787 arg1 ABPR 799:802 ABPR 799:802 ABPR 799:802 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 2 3 theme mass 612:615 arg1 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 2 3 theme mass 612:615 arg1 spectrometry 617:628 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 570:628 a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique 562:650 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 3 4 theme column 1076:1081 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 4 theme column 1076:1081 arg1 temperature 1083:1093 26.0°C column temperature 1069:1093 26.0°C column temperature 1069:1093 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 0 5 theme environmental 116:128 arg1 samples 130:136 environmental samples 116:136 environmental samples 116:136 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 1 6 theme dinotefuran 229:239 arg1 metabolite 249:258 its metabolite 245:258 its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices 245:310 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 1 6 theme dinotefuran 229:239 arg1 enantiomers 214:224 the enantiomers 210:224 the enantiomers of dinotefuran 210:239 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 2 7 theme fluid 584:588 arg1 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 2 7 theme fluid 584:588 arg1 spectrometry 617:628 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 570:628 a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique 562:650 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 8 8 theme trial 1961:1965 arg1 field 1967:1971 a trial field 1959:1971 a trial field 1959:1971 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 3 9 theme direct 659:664 arg1 evaluation 666:675 direct evaluation 659:675 direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 659:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 8 10 from dissipation 1999:2009 arg1 soil 2036:2039 soil 2036:2039 soil 2036:2039 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 8 11 theme enantioselective 1982:1997 arg1 dissipation 1999:2009 the enantioselective dissipation 1978:2009 the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil 1978:2039 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 0 12 theme fluid 155:159 arg1 spectrometry 188:199 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 141:199 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 141:199 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 0 13 from products 103:110 arg1 enantioseparation 37:53 the enantioseparation 33:53 the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 33:199 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 4 14 theme high 1262:1265 arg1 sensitivity 1267:1277 high sensitivity 1262:1277 high sensitivity 1262:1277 Baseline resolution, favorable retention, and high sensitivity of the two pairs of enantiomers were achieved in pollen, honey, water, and soil matrices within 4.5min. 26243706 0 15 theme mass 183:186 arg1 spectrometry 188:199 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 141:199 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 141:199 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 3 16 theme chromatographic 684:698 arg1 pressure 789:796 automated backpressure regulator pressure 756:796 automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR) 756:803 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 16 theme chromatographic 684:698 arg1 variables 700:708 the chromatographic variables 680:708 the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 680:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 16 theme chromatographic 684:698 arg1 content 723:729 co-solvent content 712:729 co-solvent content 712:729 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 16 theme chromatographic 684:698 arg1 rate 750:753 mobile phase flow rate 732:753 mobile phase flow rate 732:753 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 16 theme chromatographic 684:698 arg1 temperature 817:827 column temperature 810:827 column temperature 810:827 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 17 theme SFC-MS/MS 938:946 arg1 phase 1021:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 17 theme SFC-MS/MS 938:946 arg1 rate 1043:1046 1.9mL/min flow rate 1028:1046 1.9mL/min flow rate 1028:1046 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 17 theme SFC-MS/MS 938:946 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 17 theme SFC-MS/MS 938:946 arg1 temperature 1083:1093 26.0°C column temperature 1069:1093 26.0°C column temperature 1069:1093 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 17 theme SFC-MS/MS 938:946 arg1 ABPR 1059:1062 2009.8psi ABPR 1049:1062 2009.8psi ABPR 1049:1062 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 2 18 theme metabolite 531:540 arg1 UF 542:543 its metabolite UF 527:543 its metabolite UF 527:543 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 4 19 theme favorable 1237:1245 arg1 retention 1247:1255 favorable retention 1237:1255 favorable retention 1237:1255 Baseline resolution, favorable retention, and high sensitivity of the two pairs of enantiomers were achieved in pollen, honey, water, and soil matrices within 4.5min. 26243706 0 20 theme chiral 78:83 arg1 metabolite 85:94 its chiral metabolite 74:94 its chiral metabolite 74:94 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 7 21 theme quantification 1751:1764 arg1 limits 1741:1746 The limits 1737:1746 The limits of quantification 1737:1764 The limits of quantification ranged from 1.0μg/kg to 12.5μg/kg for the dinotefuran and UF enantiomers. 26243706 2 22 theme novel 564:568 arg1 technique 642:650 a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique 562:650 a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique 562:650 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 8 23 theme UF 2030:2031 arg1 dissipation 1999:2009 the enantioselective dissipation 1978:2009 the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil 1978:2039 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 3 24 theme amylose 1104:1110 arg1 phase 1165:1169 an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 1101:1169 an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode 1101:1213 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 6 25 theme lower 1704:1708 arg1 deviations 1693:1702 relative standard deviations 1675:1702 relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices 1675:1734 Mean recoveries were between 78.3% and 100.2% with relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices. 26243706 2 26 theme optimization 407:418 arg1 strategy 420:427 a statistical optimization strategy 393:427 a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF 393:543 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 3 27 theme stationary 1154:1163 arg1 phase 1165:1169 an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 1101:1169 an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode 1101:1213 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 6 28 theme standard 1684:1691 arg1 deviations 1693:1702 relative standard deviations 1675:1702 relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices 1675:1734 Mean recoveries were between 78.3% and 100.2% with relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices. 26243706 5 29 theme sorbents 1530:1537 arg1 content 1492:1498 content 1492:1498 content 1492:1498 Additionally, the parameters affecting the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure, such as the type and content of extractant or purification sorbents, were systematically screened to obtain better extraction yields of the enantiomers. 26243706 5 29 theme sorbents 1530:1537 arg1 type 1483:1486 type 1483:1486 type 1483:1486 Additionally, the parameters affecting the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure, such as the type and content of extractant or purification sorbents, were systematically screened to obtain better extraction yields of the enantiomers. 26243706 0 30 theme Response 0:7 arg1 methodology 17:27 Response surface methodology 0:27 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 0:200 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 3 31 theme % 991:991 arg1 phase 1021:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 31 theme % 991:991 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 8 32 from market 1926:1931 arg1 samples 1911:1917 authentic samples 1901:1917 authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field 1901:1971 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 2 33 theme response 453:460 arg1 methodology 470:480 three-dimensional response surface methodology 435:480 three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF 435:543 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 3 34 theme ionization 1190:1199 arg1 mode 1210:1213 electrospray ionization positive mode 1177:1213 electrospray ionization positive mode 1177:1213 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 5 35 theme enantiomers 1611:1621 arg1 yields 1597:1602 extraction yields 1586:1602 extraction yields of the enantiomers 1586:1621 Additionally, the parameters affecting the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure, such as the type and content of extractant or purification sorbents, were systematically screened to obtain better extraction yields of the enantiomers. 26243706 6 36 with % 1668:1668 arg1 deviations 1693:1702 relative standard deviations 1675:1702 relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices 1675:1734 Mean recoveries were between 78.3% and 100.2% with relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices. 26243706 6 37 from % 1718:1718 arg1 matrices 1727:1734 all matrices 1723:1734 all matrices 1723:1734 Mean recoveries were between 78.3% and 100.2% with relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices. 26243706 8 38 from canal 1948:1952 arg1 samples 1911:1917 authentic samples 1901:1917 authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field 1901:1971 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 5 39 theme extraction 1449:1458 arg1 procedure 1460:1468 the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure 1422:1468 the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure 1422:1468 Additionally, the parameters affecting the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure, such as the type and content of extractant or purification sorbents, were systematically screened to obtain better extraction yields of the enantiomers. 26243706 3 40 theme acid-methanol 1000:1012 arg1 phase 1021:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 40 theme acid-methanol 1000:1012 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 5 41 theme extraction 1586:1595 arg1 yields 1597:1602 extraction yields 1586:1602 extraction yields of the enantiomers 1586:1621 Additionally, the parameters affecting the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure, such as the type and content of extractant or purification sorbents, were systematically screened to obtain better extraction yields of the enantiomers. 26243706 3 42 theme flow 745:748 arg1 rate 750:753 mobile phase flow rate 732:753 mobile phase flow rate 732:753 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 42 theme flow 745:748 arg1 variables 700:708 the chromatographic variables 680:708 the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 680:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 43 dep variables 700:708 arg1 pressure 789:796 automated backpressure regulator pressure 756:796 automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR) 756:803 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 43 dep variables 700:708 arg1 variables 700:708 the chromatographic variables 680:708 the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 680:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 43 dep variables 700:708 arg1 temperature 817:827 column temperature 810:827 column temperature 810:827 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 43 dep variables 700:708 arg1 ABPR 799:802 ABPR 799:802 ABPR 799:802 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 43 dep variables 700:708 arg1 rate 750:753 mobile phase flow rate 732:753 mobile phase flow rate 732:753 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 43 dep variables 700:708 arg1 content 723:729 co-solvent content 712:729 co-solvent content 712:729 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 44 theme mobile 732:737 arg1 rate 750:753 mobile phase flow rate 732:753 mobile phase flow rate 732:753 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 44 theme mobile 732:737 arg1 variables 700:708 the chromatographic variables 680:708 the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 680:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 1 45 theme bee 263:265 arg1 products 267:274 bee products 263:274 bee products 263:274 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 3 46 theme 1.9mL/min 1028:1036 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 46 theme 1.9mL/min 1028:1036 arg1 rate 1043:1046 1.9mL/min flow rate 1028:1046 1.9mL/min flow rate 1028:1046 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 47 theme backpressure 766:777 arg1 pressure 789:796 automated backpressure regulator pressure 756:796 automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR) 756:803 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 47 theme backpressure 766:777 arg1 variables 700:708 the chromatographic variables 680:708 the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 680:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 47 theme backpressure 766:777 arg1 ABPR 799:802 ABPR 799:802 ABPR 799:802 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 5 48 theme dispersive 1426:1435 arg1 procedure 1460:1468 the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure 1422:1468 the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure 1422:1468 Additionally, the parameters affecting the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure, such as the type and content of extractant or purification sorbents, were systematically screened to obtain better extraction yields of the enantiomers. 26243706 1 49 theme environmental 289:301 arg1 matrices 303:310 relevant environmental matrices 280:310 relevant environmental matrices 280:310 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 3 50 theme 2009.8psi 1049:1057 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 50 theme 2009.8psi 1049:1057 arg1 ABPR 1059:1062 2009.8psi ABPR 1049:1062 2009.8psi ABPR 1049:1062 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 4 51 theme soil 1354:1357 arg1 matrices 1359:1366 soil matrices 1354:1366 soil matrices 1354:1366 Baseline resolution, favorable retention, and high sensitivity of the two pairs of enantiomers were achieved in pollen, honey, water, and soil matrices within 4.5min. 26243706 8 52 theme irrigation 1937:1946 arg1 canal 1948:1952 an irrigation canal 1934:1952 an irrigation canal 1934:1952 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 5 53 theme extractant 1503:1512 arg1 sorbents 1530:1537 extractant or purification sorbents 1503:1537 extractant or purification sorbents 1503:1537 Additionally, the parameters affecting the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure, such as the type and content of extractant or purification sorbents, were systematically screened to obtain better extraction yields of the enantiomers. 26243706 7 54 theme UF 1824:1825 arg1 enantiomers 1827:1837 the dinotefuran and UF enantiomers 1804:1837 enantiomers 1827:1837 The limits of quantification ranged from 1.0μg/kg to 12.5μg/kg for the dinotefuran and UF enantiomers. 26243706 4 55 theme Baseline 1216:1223 arg1 resolution 1225:1234 Baseline resolution 1216:1234 Baseline resolution 1216:1234 Baseline resolution, favorable retention, and high sensitivity of the two pairs of enantiomers were achieved in pollen, honey, water, and soil matrices within 4.5min. 26243706 8 56 theme dinotefuran 2014:2024 arg1 dissipation 1999:2009 the enantioselective dissipation 1978:2009 the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil 1978:2039 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 3 57 theme 26.0°C 1069:1074 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 57 theme 26.0°C 1069:1074 arg1 temperature 1083:1093 26.0°C column temperature 1069:1093 26.0°C column temperature 1069:1093 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 58 theme column 810:815 arg1 variables 700:708 the chromatographic variables 680:708 the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 680:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 58 theme column 810:815 arg1 temperature 817:827 column temperature 810:827 column temperature 810:827 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 2 59 theme chromatography/tandem 590:610 arg1 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 2 59 theme chromatography/tandem 590:610 arg1 spectrometry 617:628 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 570:628 a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique 562:650 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 0 60 from metabolite 85:94 arg1 products 103:110 bee products 99:110 bee products 99:110 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 0 60 from metabolite 85:94 arg1 samples 130:136 environmental samples 116:136 environmental samples 116:136 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 0 61 theme supercritical 141:153 arg1 spectrometry 188:199 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 141:199 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 141:199 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 2 62 theme supercritical 570:582 arg1 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 SFC-MS/MS 631:639 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 2 62 theme supercritical 570:582 arg1 spectrometry 617:628 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 570:628 a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique 562:650 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 0 63 theme chromatography/tandem 161:181 arg1 spectrometry 188:199 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 141:199 supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 141:199 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 1 64 from metabolite 249:258 arg1 products 267:274 bee products 263:274 bee products 263:274 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 1 64 from metabolite 249:258 arg1 matrices 303:310 relevant environmental matrices 280:310 relevant environmental matrices 280:310 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 2 65 theme spectrometry 617:628 arg1 technique 642:650 a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique 562:650 a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique 562:650 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 6 66 with % 1657:1657 arg1 deviations 1693:1702 relative standard deviations 1675:1702 relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices 1675:1734 Mean recoveries were between 78.3% and 100.2% with relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices. 26243706 1 67 from enantiomers 214:224 arg1 products 267:274 bee products 263:274 bee products 263:274 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 1 67 from enantiomers 214:224 arg1 matrices 303:310 relevant environmental matrices 280:310 relevant environmental matrices 280:310 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 2 68 theme UF 542:543 arg1 enantioseparation 490:506 the enantioseparation 486:506 the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF 486:543 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 3 69 theme separation 847:856 arg1 mechanism 858:866 the separation mechanism 843:866 the separation mechanism 843:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 0 70 theme metabolite 85:94 arg1 enantioseparation 37:53 the enantioseparation 33:53 the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 33:199 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 1 71 theme racemates 359:367 arg1 toxicity 341:348 the high toxicity 332:348 the high toxicity of their racemates to bees 332:375 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 3 72 theme tris- 1112:1116 arg1 phase 1165:1169 an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 1101:1169 an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode 1101:1213 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 6 73 theme Mean 1624:1627 arg1 recoveries 1629:1638 Mean recoveries 1624:1638 Mean recoveries 1624:1638 Mean recoveries were between 78.3% and 100.2% with relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices. 26243706 3 74 theme working 948:954 arg1 phase 1021:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 74 theme working 948:954 arg1 rate 1043:1046 1.9mL/min flow rate 1028:1046 1.9mL/min flow rate 1028:1046 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 74 theme working 948:954 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 74 theme working 948:954 arg1 temperature 1083:1093 26.0°C column temperature 1069:1093 26.0°C column temperature 1069:1093 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 74 theme working 948:954 arg1 ABPR 1059:1062 2009.8psi ABPR 1049:1062 2009.8psi ABPR 1049:1062 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 4 75 theme enantiomers 1299:1309 arg1 pairs 1290:1294 the two pairs 1282:1294 the two pairs of enantiomers 1282:1309 Baseline resolution, favorable retention, and high sensitivity of the two pairs of enantiomers were achieved in pollen, honey, water, and soil matrices within 4.5min. 26243706 3 76 theme interactions 890:901 arg1 assessment 872:881 assessment 872:881 assessment of the interactions among these variables 872:923 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 76 theme interactions 890:901 arg1 evaluation 666:675 direct evaluation 659:675 direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 659:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 0 77 theme bee 99:101 arg1 products 103:110 bee products 99:110 bee products 99:110 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 8 78 theme developed 1857:1865 arg1 method 1867:1872 the developed method 1853:1872 the developed method 1853:1872 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 3 79 theme optimal 930:936 arg1 phase 1021:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 79 theme optimal 930:936 arg1 rate 1043:1046 1.9mL/min flow rate 1028:1046 1.9mL/min flow rate 1028:1046 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 79 theme optimal 930:936 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 79 theme optimal 930:936 arg1 temperature 1083:1093 26.0°C column temperature 1069:1093 26.0°C column temperature 1069:1093 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 79 theme optimal 930:936 arg1 ABPR 1059:1062 2009.8psi ABPR 1049:1062 2009.8psi ABPR 1049:1062 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 0 80 from dinotefuran 58:68 arg1 products 103:110 bee products 99:110 bee products 99:110 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 0 80 from dinotefuran 58:68 arg1 samples 130:136 environmental samples 116:136 environmental samples 116:136 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 3 81 theme chiral 1147:1152 arg1 phase 1165:1169 an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 1101:1169 an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode 1101:1213 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 0 82 from enantioseparation 37:53 arg1 products 103:110 bee products 99:110 bee products 99:110 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 0 82 from enantioseparation 37:53 arg1 samples 130:136 environmental samples 116:136 environmental samples 116:136 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 5 83 theme purification 1517:1528 arg1 sorbents 1530:1537 extractant or purification sorbents 1503:1537 extractant or purification sorbents 1503:1537 Additionally, the parameters affecting the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure, such as the type and content of extractant or purification sorbents, were systematically screened to obtain better extraction yields of the enantiomers. 26243706 5 84 dep type 1483:1486 arg1 the 1479:1481 the 1479:1481 the 1479:1481 Additionally, the parameters affecting the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure, such as the type and content of extractant or purification sorbents, were systematically screened to obtain better extraction yields of the enantiomers. 26243706 2 85 theme statistical 395:405 arg1 strategy 420:427 a statistical optimization strategy 393:427 a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF 393:543 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 0 86 theme surface 9:15 arg1 methodology 17:27 Response surface methodology 0:27 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 0:200 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 3 87 theme 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1118:1144 arg1 phase 1165:1169 an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase 1101:1169 an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode 1101:1213 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 6 88 theme relative 1675:1682 arg1 deviations 1693:1702 relative standard deviations 1675:1702 relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices 1675:1734 Mean recoveries were between 78.3% and 100.2% with relative standard deviations lower than 8.0% in all matrices. 26243706 4 89 theme pairs 1290:1294 arg1 resolution 1225:1234 Baseline resolution 1216:1234 Baseline resolution 1216:1234 Baseline resolution, favorable retention, and high sensitivity of the two pairs of enantiomers were achieved in pollen, honey, water, and soil matrices within 4.5min. 26243706 4 89 theme pairs 1290:1294 arg1 retention 1247:1255 favorable retention 1237:1255 favorable retention 1237:1255 Baseline resolution, favorable retention, and high sensitivity of the two pairs of enantiomers were achieved in pollen, honey, water, and soil matrices within 4.5min. 26243706 4 89 theme pairs 1290:1294 arg1 sensitivity 1267:1277 high sensitivity 1262:1277 high sensitivity 1262:1277 Baseline resolution, favorable retention, and high sensitivity of the two pairs of enantiomers were achieved in pollen, honey, water, and soil matrices within 4.5min. 26243706 3 90 theme electrospray 1177:1188 arg1 mode 1210:1213 electrospray ionization positive mode 1177:1213 electrospray ionization positive mode 1177:1213 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 8 91 theme authentic 1901:1909 arg1 samples 1911:1917 authentic samples 1901:1917 authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field 1901:1971 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 3 92 theme formic 993:998 arg1 phase 1021:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 92 theme formic 993:998 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 2 93 theme surface 462:468 arg1 methodology 470:480 three-dimensional response surface methodology 435:480 three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF 435:543 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 3 94 theme co-solvent 712:721 arg1 variables 700:708 the chromatographic variables 680:708 the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 680:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 94 theme co-solvent 712:721 arg1 content 723:729 co-solvent content 712:729 co-solvent content 712:729 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 2 95 theme three-dimensional 435:451 arg1 methodology 470:480 three-dimensional response surface methodology 435:480 three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF 435:543 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 3 96 theme CO2/2 986:990 arg1 phase 1021:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 96 theme CO2/2 986:990 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 2 97 theme dinotefuran 511:521 arg1 enantioseparation 490:506 the enantioseparation 486:506 the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF 486:543 In this study, a statistical optimization strategy using three-dimensional response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its metabolite UF was developed by a novel supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) technique. 26243706 3 98 theme variables 700:708 arg1 assessment 872:881 assessment 872:881 assessment of the interactions among these variables 872:923 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 98 theme variables 700:708 arg1 evaluation 666:675 direct evaluation 659:675 direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 659:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 5 99 theme solid-phase 1437:1447 arg1 procedure 1460:1468 the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure 1422:1468 the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure 1422:1468 Additionally, the parameters affecting the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure, such as the type and content of extractant or purification sorbents, were systematically screened to obtain better extraction yields of the enantiomers. 26243706 0 100 theme dinotefuran 58:68 arg1 enantioseparation 37:53 the enantioseparation 33:53 the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 33:199 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 1 101 theme high 336:339 arg1 toxicity 341:348 the high toxicity 332:348 the high toxicity of their racemates to bees 332:375 Tracing the enantiomers of dinotefuran and its metabolite in bee products and relevant environmental matrices is vital because of the high toxicity of their racemates to bees. 26243706 3 102 theme phase 739:743 arg1 rate 750:753 mobile phase flow rate 732:753 mobile phase flow rate 732:753 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 102 theme phase 739:743 arg1 variables 700:708 the chromatographic variables 680:708 the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 680:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 103 theme positive 1201:1208 arg1 mode 1210:1213 electrospray ionization positive mode 1177:1213 electrospray ionization positive mode 1177:1213 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 104 theme mobile 1014:1019 arg1 phase 1021:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase 984:1025 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 104 theme mobile 1014:1019 arg1 conditions 956:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions 926:965 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 8 105 from field 1967:1971 arg1 samples 1911:1917 authentic samples 1901:1917 authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field 1901:1971 Furthermore, the developed method was effectively applied to authentic samples from a market, an irrigation canal, and a trial field, and the enantioselective dissipation of dinotefuran and UF in soil was demonstrated. 26243706 7 106 theme dinotefuran 1808:1818 arg1 enantiomers 1827:1837 the dinotefuran and UF enantiomers 1804:1837 enantiomers 1827:1837 The limits of quantification ranged from 1.0μg/kg to 12.5μg/kg for the dinotefuran and UF enantiomers. 26243706 0 107 from samples 130:136 arg1 enantioseparation 37:53 the enantioseparation 33:53 the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 33:199 Response surface methodology for the enantioseparation of dinotefuran and its chiral metabolite in bee products and environmental samples by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 26243706 3 108 theme automated 756:764 arg1 pressure 789:796 automated backpressure regulator pressure 756:796 automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR) 756:803 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 108 theme automated 756:764 arg1 variables 700:708 the chromatographic variables 680:708 the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism 680:866 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26243706 3 108 theme automated 756:764 arg1 ABPR 799:802 ABPR 799:802 ABPR 799:802 After direct evaluation of the chromatographic variables - co-solvent content, mobile phase flow rate, automated backpressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and column temperature - involved in the separation mechanism and assessment of the interactions among these variables, the optimal SFC-MS/MS working conditions were selected as a CO2/2% formic acid-methanol mobile phase, 1.9mL/min flow rate, 2009.8psi ABPR, and 26.0°C column temperature using an amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under electrospray ionization positive mode. 26587795 9 0 theme blood 1738:1742 arg1 products 1744:1751 blood products 1738:1751 blood products 1738:1751 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 7 1 theme APPLEfast 1137:1145 arg1 score 1149:1153 the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score 1080:1153 score 1149:1153 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders was performed. 26587795 11 2 theme randomized 2057:2066 arg1 trial 2079:2083 A randomized controlled trial 2055:2083 A randomized controlled trial investigating the safety of HES therapy in canine patients 2055:2142 A randomized controlled trial investigating the safety of HES therapy in canine patients is warranted. 26587795 7 3 theme Unadjusted 1008:1017 arg1 analysis 1032:1039 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis 1008:1039 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders 1008:1175 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders was performed. 26587795 5 4 from increase 839:846 arg1 concentration 871:883 baseline creatinine concentration 851:883 baseline creatinine concentration 851:883 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 5 4 from increase 839:846 arg1 onset 892:896 new onset 888:896 new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours 888:940 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 0 5 from administration 129:142 arg1 2007-2010 153:161 2007-2010 153:161 2007-2010 153:161 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 0 5 from administration 129:142 arg1 dogs 147:150 dogs 147:150 dogs (2007-2010) 147:162 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 1 6 theme kidney 250:255 arg1 AKI 265:267 AKI 265:267 AKI 265:267 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 6 theme kidney 250:255 arg1 injury 257:262 acute kidney injury 244:262 acute kidney injury (AKI) 244:268 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 11 7 theme therapy 2117:2123 arg1 safety 2103:2108 the safety 2099:2108 the safety of HES therapy in canine patients 2099:2142 A randomized controlled trial investigating the safety of HES therapy in canine patients is warranted. 26587795 4 8 theme same 739:742 arg1 period 744:749 the same period 735:749 the same period 735:749 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period. 26587795 11 9 theme controlled 2068:2077 arg1 trial 2079:2083 A randomized controlled trial 2055:2083 A randomized controlled trial investigating the safety of HES therapy in canine patients 2055:2142 A randomized controlled trial investigating the safety of HES therapy in canine patients is warranted. 26587795 4 10 theme dogs 617:620 arg1 sample 607:612 Consecutive sample 595:612 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) 587:644 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period. 26587795 10 11 theme HES 1955:1957 arg1 therapy 1959:1965 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy 1943:1965 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy 1943:1965 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy is associated with increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs. 26587795 8 12 dep mL/kg/day 1260:1268 arg1 mL/kg/day 1306:1314 interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day 1271:1314 interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day 1271:1314 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 2 13 theme DESIGN 482:487 arg1 Cohort 489:494 DESIGN Cohort 482:494 DESIGN Cohort 482:494 DESIGN Cohort study conducted between January 2007 and March 2010. 26587795 0 14 theme HES 108:110 arg1 250/0.5/5:1 116:126 HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1 108:126 HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1 108:126 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 0 14 theme HES 108:110 arg1 starch 100:105 hydroxyethyl starch 87:105 hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010) 87:162 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 8 15 theme continuous 1325:1334 arg1 infusion 1341:1348 a continuous rate infusion 1323:1348 a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day) 1323:1402 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 8 15 theme continuous 1325:1334 arg1 HES 1192:1194 HES 1192:1194 HES 1192:1194 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 8 15 theme continuous 1325:1334 arg1 CRI 1351:1353 CRI 1351:1353 CRI 1351:1353 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 0 16 theme % 114:114 arg1 250/0.5/5:1 116:126 HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1 108:126 HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1 108:126 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 0 16 theme % 114:114 arg1 starch 100:105 hydroxyethyl starch 87:105 hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010) 87:162 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 9 17 theme composite 1817:1825 arg1 outcome 1835:1841 the composite adverse outcome 1813:1841 the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005) 1813:1884 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 1 18 theme % 358:358 arg1 HES 381:383 HES) [250/0.5/5:1 381:397 HES) [250/0.5/5:1 381:397 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 18 theme % 358:358 arg1 starch 373:378 10% hydroxyethyl starch 356:378 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity 356:479 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 3 19 theme Veterinary 557:566 arg1 hospital 577:584 Veterinary teaching hospital 557:584 Veterinary teaching hospital 557:584 SETTING Veterinary teaching hospital. 26587795 8 20 theme median 1356:1361 arg1 26mL/kg/day 1368:1378 median dose 26mL/kg/day 1356:1378 median dose 26mL/kg/day 1356:1378 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 11 21 theme HES 2113:2115 arg1 therapy 2117:2123 HES therapy 2113:2123 HES therapy 2113:2123 A randomized controlled trial investigating the safety of HES therapy in canine patients is warranted. 26587795 0 22 theme kidney 53:58 arg1 injury 60:65 acute kidney injury 47:65 acute kidney injury 47:65 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 0 23 from study 21:25 arg1 incidence 34:42 the incidence 30:42 the incidence of acute kidney injury and death 30:75 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 7 24 theme laboratory 1114:1123 arg1 score 1149:1153 the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score 1080:1153 score 1149:1153 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders was performed. 26587795 1 25 theme dogs 299:302 arg1 population 285:294 a population 283:294 a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity 283:479 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 5 26 theme RESULTS 793:799 arg1 increase 839:846 an at least 2-fold increase 820:846 an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours 820:940 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 5 26 theme RESULTS 793:799 arg1 AKI 801:803 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI 752:803 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI 752:803 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 8 27 theme median 1244:1249 arg1 mL/kg/day 1260:1268 median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day 1244:1268 median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day 1244:1268 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 8 27 theme median 1244:1249 arg1 boluses 1235:1241 incremental boluses 1223:1241 incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) 1223:1315 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 10 28 theme outcome 2015:2021 arg1 risk 1996:1999 increased risk 1986:1999 increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs 1986:2052 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy is associated with increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs. 26587795 9 29 theme adjusted 1631:1638 arg1 analysis 1640:1647 an adjusted analysis 1628:1647 an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products 1628:1751 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 4 30 theme dogs 695:698 arg1 sample 685:690 a randomly selected sample 665:690 a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period 665:749 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period. 26587795 0 31 theme starch 100:105 arg1 administration 129:142 hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration 87:142 hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010) 87:162 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 1 32 theme intensive 320:328 arg1 ICU 341:343 ICU 341:343 ICU 341:343 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 32 theme intensive 320:328 arg1 unit 335:338 the intensive care unit 316:338 the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity 316:479 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 5 33 theme creatinine 860:869 arg1 concentration 871:883 baseline creatinine concentration 851:883 baseline creatinine concentration 851:883 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 0 34 theme injury 60:65 arg1 incidence 34:42 the incidence 30:42 the incidence of acute kidney injury and death 30:75 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 0 35 theme Retrospective 0:12 arg1 study 21:25 Retrospective cohort study 0:25 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death 0:75 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 6 36 theme primary 947:953 arg1 outcome 955:961 The primary outcome 943:961 The primary outcome 943:961 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 6 36 theme primary 947:953 arg1 composite 969:977 a composite 967:977 a composite of in-hospital death or AKI 967:1005 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 6 36 theme primary 947:953 arg1 death 994:998 in-hospital death 982:998 in-hospital death 982:998 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 6 36 theme primary 947:953 arg1 AKI 1003:1005 AKI 1003:1005 AKI 1003:1005 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 11 37 theme canine 2128:2133 arg1 patients 2135:2142 canine patients 2128:2142 canine patients 2128:2142 A randomized controlled trial investigating the safety of HES therapy in canine patients is warranted. 26587795 8 38 theme range 1285:1289 arg1 mL/kg/day 1306:1314 interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day 1271:1314 interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day 1271:1314 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 7 39 theme illness 1057:1063 arg1 severity 1065:1072 illness severity 1057:1072 illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders 1057:1175 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders was performed. 26587795 5 40 theme 2-fold 832:837 arg1 AKI 801:803 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI 752:803 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI 752:803 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 5 40 theme 2-fold 832:837 arg1 increase 839:846 an at least 2-fold increase 820:846 an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours 820:940 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 9 41 theme admission 1689:1697 arg1 type 1699:1702 admission type 1689:1702 admission type 1689:1702 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 1 42 theme general 418:424 arg1 population 430:439 the general ICU population 414:439 the general ICU population 414:439 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 7 43 theme adjusted 1023:1030 arg1 analysis 1032:1039 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis 1008:1039 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders 1008:1175 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders was performed. 26587795 5 44 theme oliguria/anuria 901:915 arg1 concentration 871:883 baseline creatinine concentration 851:883 baseline creatinine concentration 851:883 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 5 44 theme oliguria/anuria 901:915 arg1 onset 892:896 new onset 888:896 new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours 888:940 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 9 45 theme concurrent 1709:1718 arg1 administration 1720:1733 concurrent administration 1709:1733 concurrent administration of blood products 1709:1751 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 1 46 theme in-hospital 205:215 arg1 death 274:278 death 274:278 death 274:278 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 46 theme in-hospital 205:215 arg1 injury 257:262 acute kidney injury 244:262 acute kidney injury (AKI) 244:268 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 46 theme in-hospital 205:215 arg1 outcomes 225:232 in-hospital adverse outcomes 205:232 in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death 205:278 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 6 47 theme in-hospital 982:992 arg1 death 994:998 in-hospital death 982:998 in-hospital death 982:998 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 1 48 theme outcomes 225:232 arg1 incidence 192:200 the incidence 188:200 the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity 188:479 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 9 49 theme products 1744:1751 arg1 type 1699:1702 admission type 1689:1702 admission type 1689:1702 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 49 theme products 1744:1751 arg1 administration 1720:1733 concurrent administration 1709:1733 concurrent administration of blood products 1709:1751 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 49 theme products 1744:1751 arg1 severity 1679:1686 illness severity 1671:1686 illness severity 1671:1686 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 1 50 theme acute 244:248 arg1 AKI 265:267 AKI 265:267 AKI 265:267 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 50 theme acute 244:248 arg1 injury 257:262 acute kidney injury 244:262 acute kidney injury (AKI) 244:268 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 9 51 theme HES 1754:1756 arg1 administration 1758:1771 HES administration 1754:1771 HES administration 1754:1771 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 4 52 theme Consecutive 595:605 arg1 sample 607:612 Consecutive sample 595:612 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) 587:644 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period. 26587795 5 53 theme INTERVENTIONS 752:764 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 771:782 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS 752:782 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS 752:782 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 9 54 theme independent 1785:1795 arg1 factor 1802:1807 an independent risk factor 1782:1807 an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005) 1782:1884 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 55 theme % 1929:1929 arg1 CI 1931:1932 95% CI = 4-23 1927:1939 95% CI = 4-23 1927:1939 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 55 theme % 1929:1929 arg1 6 1924:1924 6 1924:1924 6 1924:1924 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 10 56 theme CONCLUSIONS 1943:1953 arg1 therapy 1959:1965 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy 1943:1965 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy 1943:1965 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy is associated with increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs. 26587795 8 57 theme rate 1336:1339 arg1 infusion 1341:1348 a continuous rate infusion 1323:1348 a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day) 1323:1402 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 8 57 theme rate 1336:1339 arg1 HES 1192:1194 HES 1192:1194 HES 1192:1194 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 8 57 theme rate 1336:1339 arg1 CRI 1351:1353 CRI 1351:1353 CRI 1351:1353 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 9 58 theme = 1934:1934 arg1 CI 1931:1932 95% CI = 4-23 1927:1939 95% CI = 4-23 1927:1939 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 58 theme = 1934:1934 arg1 6 1924:1924 6 1924:1924 6 1924:1924 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 5 59 theme None 766:769 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 771:782 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS 752:782 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS 752:782 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 2 60 dep January 520:526 arg1 2010 543:546 2010 543:546 2010 543:546 DESIGN Cohort study conducted between January 2007 and March 2010. 26587795 9 61 dep outcome 1835:1841 arg1 P 1875:1875 P = 0.005 1875:1883 P = 0.005 1875:1883 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 61 dep outcome 1835:1841 arg1 CI 1859:1860 = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22 1847:1872 = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22 1847:1872 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 62 theme adverse 1827:1833 arg1 outcome 1835:1841 the composite adverse outcome 1813:1841 the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005) 1813:1884 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 4 63 theme = 639:639 arg1 n 637:637 n = 180 637:643 n = 180 637:643 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period. 26587795 4 63 theme = 639:639 arg1 ANIMALS 587:593 ANIMALS 587:593 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) 587:644 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period. 26587795 11 64 from safety 2103:2108 arg1 patients 2135:2142 canine patients 2128:2142 canine patients 2128:2142 A randomized controlled trial investigating the safety of HES therapy in canine patients is warranted. 26587795 1 65 from incidence 192:200 arg1 population 285:294 a population 283:294 a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity 283:479 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 66 theme 10 356:357 arg1 % 358:358 % 358:358 % 358:358 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 8 67 theme dose 1363:1366 arg1 26mL/kg/day 1368:1378 median dose 26mL/kg/day 1356:1378 median dose 26mL/kg/day 1356:1378 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 10 68 from AKI 2042:2044 arg1 dogs 2049:2052 dogs 2049:2052 dogs 2049:2052 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy is associated with increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs. 26587795 7 69 theme other 1159:1163 arg1 confounders 1165:1175 other confounders 1159:1175 other confounders 1159:1175 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders was performed. 26587795 7 70 theme evaluation 1125:1134 arg1 score 1149:1153 the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score 1080:1153 score 1149:1153 Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders was performed. 26587795 1 71 theme hydroxyethyl 360:371 arg1 HES 381:383 HES) [250/0.5/5:1 381:397 HES) [250/0.5/5:1 381:397 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 71 theme hydroxyethyl 360:371 arg1 starch 373:378 10% hydroxyethyl starch 356:378 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity 356:479 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 5 72 theme MEASUREMENTS 771:782 arg1 increase 839:846 an at least 2-fold increase 820:846 an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours 820:940 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 5 72 theme MEASUREMENTS 771:782 arg1 AKI 801:803 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI 752:803 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI 752:803 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 9 73 theme = 1847:1847 arg1 P 1875:1875 P = 0.005 1875:1883 P = 0.005 1875:1883 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 73 theme = 1847:1847 arg1 CI 1859:1860 = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22 1847:1872 = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22 1847:1872 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 10 74 theme increased 1986:1994 arg1 risk 1996:1999 increased risk 1986:1999 increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs 1986:2052 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy is associated with increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs. 26587795 0 75 theme death 71:75 arg1 incidence 34:42 the incidence 30:42 the incidence of acute kidney injury and death 30:75 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 5 76 theme MAIN 788:791 arg1 RESULTS 793:799 MAIN RESULTS 788:799 MAIN RESULTS 788:799 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 8 77 theme incremental 1223:1233 arg1 HES 1192:1194 HES 1192:1194 HES 1192:1194 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 8 77 theme incremental 1223:1233 arg1 mL/kg/day 1260:1268 median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day 1244:1268 median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day 1244:1268 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 8 77 theme incremental 1223:1233 arg1 boluses 1235:1241 incremental boluses 1223:1241 incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) 1223:1315 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 0 78 theme hydroxyethyl 87:98 arg1 250/0.5/5:1 116:126 HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1 108:126 HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1 108:126 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 0 78 theme hydroxyethyl 87:98 arg1 starch 100:105 hydroxyethyl starch 87:105 hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010) 87:162 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 4 79 theme selected 676:683 arg1 sample 685:690 a randomly selected sample 665:690 a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period 665:749 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period. 26587795 1 80 theme illness 464:470 arg1 severity 472:479 illness severity 464:479 illness severity 464:479 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 10 81 theme adverse 2007:2013 arg1 outcome 2015:2021 an adverse outcome 2004:2021 an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs 2004:2052 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy is associated with increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs. 26587795 5 82 theme baseline 851:858 arg1 concentration 871:883 baseline creatinine concentration 851:883 baseline creatinine concentration 851:883 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 9 83 theme = 1862:1862 arg1 P 1875:1875 P = 0.005 1875:1883 P = 0.005 1875:1883 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 83 theme = 1862:1862 arg1 CI 1859:1860 = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22 1847:1872 = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22 1847:1872 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 8 84 theme dose 1251:1254 arg1 mL/kg/day 1260:1268 median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day 1244:1268 median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day 1244:1268 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 8 84 theme dose 1251:1254 arg1 boluses 1235:1241 incremental boluses 1223:1241 incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) 1223:1315 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 0 85 theme cohort 14:19 arg1 study 21:25 Retrospective cohort study 0:25 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death 0:75 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 1 86 theme care 330:333 arg1 ICU 341:343 ICU 341:343 ICU 341:343 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 86 theme care 330:333 arg1 unit 335:338 the intensive care unit 316:338 the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity 316:479 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 9 87 theme illness 1671:1677 arg1 severity 1679:1686 illness severity 1671:1686 illness severity 1671:1686 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 88 theme = 1877:1877 arg1 P 1875:1875 P = 0.005 1875:1883 P = 0.005 1875:1883 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 9 88 theme = 1877:1877 arg1 CI 1859:1860 = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22 1847:1872 = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22 1847:1872 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 8 89 theme interquartile 1271:1283 arg1 mL/kg/day 1306:1314 interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day 1271:1314 interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day 1271:1314 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 8 90 dep CRI 1351:1353 arg1 26mL/kg/day 1368:1378 median dose 26mL/kg/day 1356:1378 median dose 26mL/kg/day 1356:1378 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 8 90 dep CRI 1351:1353 arg1 mL/kg/day 1393:1401 IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day 1381:1401 IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day 1381:1401 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 4 91 dep ANIMALS 587:593 arg1 sample 607:612 Consecutive sample 595:612 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) 587:644 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period. 26587795 3 92 theme teaching 568:575 arg1 hospital 577:584 Veterinary teaching hospital 557:584 Veterinary teaching hospital 557:584 SETTING Veterinary teaching hospital. 26587795 8 93 theme [IQR 1291:1294 arg1 mL/kg/day 1306:1314 interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day 1271:1314 interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day 1271:1314 HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). 26587795 0 94 theme acute 47:51 arg1 injury 60:65 acute kidney injury 47:65 acute kidney injury 47:65 Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). 26587795 9 95 dep = 1847:1847 arg1 % 1857:1857 1.98, 95% 1849:1857 1.98, 95% 1849:1857 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 1 96 theme ICU 426:428 arg1 population 430:439 the general ICU population 414:439 the general ICU population 414:439 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 9 97 theme risk 1797:1800 arg1 factor 1802:1807 an independent risk factor 1782:1807 an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005) 1782:1884 In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23). 26587795 10 98 from death 2033:2037 arg1 dogs 2049:2052 dogs 2049:2052 dogs 2049:2052 CONCLUSIONS HES therapy is associated with increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs. 26587795 6 99 theme AKI 1003:1005 arg1 outcome 955:961 The primary outcome 943:961 The primary outcome 943:961 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 6 99 theme AKI 1003:1005 arg1 composite 969:977 a composite 967:977 a composite of in-hospital death or AKI 967:1005 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 6 99 theme AKI 1003:1005 arg1 death 994:998 in-hospital death 982:998 in-hospital death 982:998 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 6 99 theme AKI 1003:1005 arg1 AKI 1003:1005 AKI 1003:1005 AKI 1003:1005 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 2 100 dep study 496:500 arg1 conducted 502:510 conducted 502:510 study conducted between January 2007 and March 2010 496:546 DESIGN Cohort study conducted between January 2007 and March 2010. 26587795 5 101 theme new 888:890 arg1 onset 892:896 new onset 888:896 new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours 888:940 INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. 26587795 6 102 theme death 994:998 arg1 outcome 955:961 The primary outcome 943:961 The primary outcome 943:961 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 6 102 theme death 994:998 arg1 composite 969:977 a composite 967:977 a composite of in-hospital death or AKI 967:1005 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 6 102 theme death 994:998 arg1 death 994:998 in-hospital death 982:998 in-hospital death 982:998 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 6 102 theme death 994:998 arg1 AKI 1003:1005 AKI 1003:1005 AKI 1003:1005 The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. 26587795 4 103 theme = 703:703 arg1 n 701:701 n = 242 701:707 n = 242 701:707 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period. 26587795 4 103 theme = 703:703 arg1 dogs 695:698 dogs 695:698 dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period 695:749 ANIMALS Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period. 26587795 1 104 theme adverse 217:223 arg1 death 274:278 death 274:278 death 274:278 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 104 theme adverse 217:223 arg1 injury 257:262 acute kidney injury 244:262 acute kidney injury (AKI) 244:268 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 26587795 1 104 theme adverse 217:223 arg1 outcomes 225:232 in-hospital adverse outcomes 205:232 in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death 205:278 OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity. 25818442 5 0 theme high 976:979 arg1 degrees 981:987 high degrees 976:987 high degrees of porosity (>97%) 976:1006 Inclusion of the bioactive glass improved the compressive modulus of the resulting composite scaffolds while maintaining high degrees of porosity (>97%). 25818442 2 1 theme oxygen 381:386 arg1 concentration 388:400 low oxygen concentration 377:400 low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) 377:410 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 2 1 theme oxygen 381:386 arg1 hypoxia 403:409 hypoxia 403:409 hypoxia 403:409 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 6 2 theme conditioned 1281:1291 arg1 media 1293:1297 cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media 1222:1297 cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media 1222:1297 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 8 3 theme tissue 1823:1828 arg1 engineering 1830:1840 tissue engineering 1823:1840 tissue engineering 1823:1840 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 2 4 theme factor 334:339 arg1 pathway 350:356 the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway 303:356 the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway 303:356 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 6 5 theme glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan 1239:1270 arg1 media 1293:1297 cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media 1222:1297 cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media 1222:1297 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 7 6 theme cell 1424:1427 arg1 proliferation 1429:1441 osteoblast cell proliferation 1413:1441 osteoblast cell proliferation 1413:1441 Furthermore, our results prove the ability of these scaffolds to support osteoblast cell proliferation and osteogenesis in all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size. 25818442 2 7 theme hypoxia 316:322 arg1 pathway 350:356 the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway 303:356 the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway 303:356 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 5 8 theme resulting 928:936 arg1 scaffolds 948:956 the resulting composite scaffolds 924:956 the resulting composite scaffolds 924:956 Inclusion of the bioactive glass improved the compressive modulus of the resulting composite scaffolds while maintaining high degrees of porosity (>97%). 25818442 6 9 theme cobalt 1222:1227 arg1 media 1293:1297 cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media 1222:1297 cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media 1222:1297 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 3 10 theme transcription 606:618 arg1 factor 620:625 the HIF-1α transcription factor 595:625 the HIF-1α transcription factor 595:625 Cobalt ions are known to mimic hypoxia by artificially stabilising the HIF-1α transcription factor. 25818442 1 11 theme constructs 238:247 arg1 vascularisation 201:215 promoting sufficient vascularisation 180:215 promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs 180:247 One of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine is promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs. 25818442 7 12 theme irrespective 1520:1531 arg1 scaffolds 1510:1518 all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 1463:1518 all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size 1463:1552 Furthermore, our results prove the ability of these scaffolds to support osteoblast cell proliferation and osteogenesis in all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size. 25818442 7 13 theme particle 1540:1547 arg1 size 1549:1552 the particle size 1536:1552 the particle size 1536:1552 Furthermore, our results prove the ability of these scaffolds to support osteoblast cell proliferation and osteogenesis in all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size. 25818442 2 14 theme HIF-1α 342:347 arg1 pathway 350:356 the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway 303:356 the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway 303:356 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 5 15 theme compressive 901:911 arg1 modulus 913:919 the compressive modulus 897:919 the compressive modulus of the resulting composite scaffolds 897:956 Inclusion of the bioactive glass improved the compressive modulus of the resulting composite scaffolds while maintaining high degrees of porosity (>97%). 25818442 5 16 theme porosity 992:999 arg1 degrees 981:987 high degrees 976:987 high degrees of porosity (>97%) 976:1006 Inclusion of the bioactive glass improved the compressive modulus of the resulting composite scaffolds while maintaining high degrees of porosity (>97%). 25818442 5 17 theme glass 882:886 arg1 Inclusion 855:863 Inclusion 855:863 Inclusion of the bioactive glass 855:886 Inclusion of the bioactive glass improved the compressive modulus of the resulting composite scaffolds while maintaining high degrees of porosity (>97%). 25818442 8 18 theme hypoxia-mimicking 1587:1603 arg1 scaffold 1623:1630 a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold 1585:1630 a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering 1585:1840 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 4 19 theme resorbable 634:643 arg1 100 μm 682:687 100 μm 682:687 100 μm 682:687 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 19 theme resorbable 634:643 arg1 38 μm 672:676 38 μm 672:676 38 μm 672:676 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 19 theme resorbable 634:643 arg1 particles 661:669 resorbable bioactive glass particles 634:669 resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network 634:741 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 20 dep particles 661:669 arg1 100 μm 682:687 100 μm 682:687 100 μm 682:687 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 20 dep particles 661:669 arg1 38 μm 672:676 38 μm 672:676 38 μm 672:676 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 20 dep particles 661:669 arg1 particles 661:669 resorbable bioactive glass particles 634:669 resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network 634:741 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 1 21 theme challenges 141:150 arg1 One 122:124 One 122:124 One 122:124 One of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine is promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs. 25818442 1 21 theme challenges 141:150 arg1 challenges 141:150 the biggest challenges 129:150 the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine 129:175 One of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine is promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs. 25818442 7 22 theme bioactive 1467:1475 arg1 scaffolds 1510:1518 all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 1463:1518 all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size 1463:1552 Furthermore, our results prove the ability of these scaffolds to support osteoblast cell proliferation and osteogenesis in all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size. 25818442 6 23 theme enhanced 1313:1320 arg1 formation 1329:1337 enhanced tubule formation 1313:1337 enhanced tubule formation 1313:1337 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 1 24 theme regenerative 155:166 arg1 medicine 168:175 regenerative medicine 155:175 regenerative medicine 155:175 One of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine is promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs. 25818442 6 25 theme glass 1093:1097 arg1 incorporation 1059:1071 the incorporation 1055:1071 the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm 1055:1133 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 8 26 theme pro-angiogenic 1637:1650 arg1 capabilities 1671:1682 pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities 1637:1682 pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering 1637:1840 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 6 27 theme cobalt 1076:1081 arg1 glass 1093:1097 cobalt bioactive glass 1076:1097 cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm 1076:1133 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 8 28 theme pro-osteogenic 1656:1669 arg1 capabilities 1671:1682 pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities 1637:1682 pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering 1637:1840 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 4 29 theme glass 729:733 arg1 network 735:741 the glass network 725:741 the glass network 725:741 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 0 30 theme bone 109:112 arg1 repair 114:119 bone repair 109:119 bone repair 109:119 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite scaffolds to enhance angiogenesis and bone repair. 25818442 4 31 used used 748:751 arg2 particles 661:669 resorbable bioactive glass particles 634:669 resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network 634:741 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 31 used used 748:751 arg2 100 μm 682:687 100 μm 682:687 100 μm 682:687 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 31 used used 748:751 arg2 38 μm 672:676 38 μm 672:676 38 μm 672:676 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 1 32 theme sufficient 190:199 arg1 vascularisation 201:215 promoting sufficient vascularisation 180:215 promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs 180:247 One of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine is promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs. 25818442 7 33 theme osteoblast 1413:1422 arg1 proliferation 1429:1441 osteoblast cell proliferation 1413:1441 osteoblast cell proliferation 1413:1441 Furthermore, our results prove the ability of these scaffolds to support osteoblast cell proliferation and osteogenesis in all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size. 25818442 4 34 theme tissue 835:840 arg1 engineering 842:852 bone tissue engineering 830:852 bone tissue engineering 830:852 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 2 35 theme vascular 485:492 arg1 VEGF 521:524 VEGF 521:524 VEGF 521:524 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 2 35 theme vascular 485:492 arg1 factor 513:518 vascular endothelial growth factor 485:518 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 485:525 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 8 36 theme tissue 1708:1713 arg1 regeneration 1715:1726 bone tissue regeneration 1703:1726 bone tissue regeneration 1703:1726 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 4 37 theme bioactive 763:771 arg1 scaffolds 806:814 bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 763:814 bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering 763:852 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 0 38 theme Hypoxia-mimicking 0:16 arg1 composite 61:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite 0:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite 0:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite scaffolds to enhance angiogenesis and bone repair. 25818442 2 39 theme genes 469:473 arg1 activation 431:440 the activation 427:440 the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 427:525 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 2 40 theme numerous 445:452 arg1 factor 513:518 vascular endothelial growth factor 485:518 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 485:525 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 2 40 theme numerous 445:452 arg1 genes 469:473 numerous pro-angiogenic genes 445:473 numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 445:525 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 0 41 theme glass/collagen 28:41 arg1 composite 61:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite 0:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite 0:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite scaffolds to enhance angiogenesis and bone repair. 25818442 6 42 theme particle 1111:1118 arg1 size 1120:1123 a mean particle size 1104:1123 a mean particle size of 100 μm 1104:1133 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 6 43 theme mean 1106:1109 arg1 size 1120:1123 a mean particle size 1104:1123 a mean particle size of 100 μm 1104:1133 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 6 44 dep production 1162:1171 arg1 the 1158:1160 the 1158:1160 the 1158:1160 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 2 45 theme growth 506:511 arg1 VEGF 521:524 VEGF 521:524 VEGF 521:524 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 2 45 theme growth 506:511 arg1 factor 513:518 vascular endothelial growth factor 485:518 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 485:525 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 2 46 theme low 377:379 arg1 concentration 388:400 low oxygen concentration 377:400 low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) 377:410 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 2 46 theme low 377:379 arg1 hypoxia 403:409 hypoxia 403:409 hypoxia 403:409 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 8 47 theme vascularisation 1767:1781 arg1 problem 1745:1751 the problem 1741:1751 the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering 1741:1840 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 8 48 theme engineering 1830:1840 arg1 field 1814:1818 the field 1810:1818 the field of tissue engineering 1810:1840 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 8 49 theme grafts 1786:1791 arg1 vascularisation 1767:1781 inadequate vascularisation 1756:1781 inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering 1756:1840 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 4 50 theme glass 655:659 arg1 100 μm 682:687 100 μm 682:687 100 μm 682:687 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 50 theme glass 655:659 arg1 38 μm 672:676 38 μm 672:676 38 μm 672:676 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 50 theme glass 655:659 arg1 particles 661:669 resorbable bioactive glass particles 634:669 resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network 634:741 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 8 51 with scaffold 1623:1630 arg1 capabilities 1671:1682 pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities 1637:1682 pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering 1637:1840 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 6 52 theme scaffold 1272:1279 arg1 media 1293:1297 cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media 1222:1297 cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media 1222:1297 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 2 53 theme inducible 324:332 arg1 pathway 350:356 the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway 303:356 the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway 303:356 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 1 54 theme tissue-engineered 220:236 arg1 constructs 238:247 tissue-engineered constructs 220:247 tissue-engineered constructs 220:247 One of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine is promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs. 25818442 6 55 theme bioactive 1229:1237 arg1 media 1293:1297 cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media 1222:1297 cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media 1222:1297 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 3 56 theme HIF-1α 599:604 arg1 factor 620:625 the HIF-1α transcription factor 595:625 the HIF-1α transcription factor 595:625 Cobalt ions are known to mimic hypoxia by artificially stabilising the HIF-1α transcription factor. 25818442 5 57 theme composite 938:946 arg1 scaffolds 948:956 the resulting composite scaffolds 924:956 the resulting composite scaffolds 924:956 Inclusion of the bioactive glass improved the compressive modulus of the resulting composite scaffolds while maintaining high degrees of porosity (>97%). 25818442 4 58 theme cobalt 695:700 arg1 ions 702:705 cobalt ions 695:705 cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network 695:741 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 6 59 theme in vitro 1019:1026 arg1 analysis 1028:1035 in vitro analysis 1019:1035 in vitro analysis 1019:1035 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 7 60 theme size 1549:1552 arg1 irrespective 1520:1531 irrespective 1520:1531 irrespective 1520:1531 Furthermore, our results prove the ability of these scaffolds to support osteoblast cell proliferation and osteogenesis in all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size. 25818442 4 61 with particles 661:669 arg1 ions 702:705 cobalt ions 695:705 cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network 695:741 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 5 62 theme scaffolds 948:956 arg1 modulus 913:919 the compressive modulus 897:919 the compressive modulus of the resulting composite scaffolds 897:956 Inclusion of the bioactive glass improved the compressive modulus of the resulting composite scaffolds while maintaining high degrees of porosity (>97%). 25818442 8 63 theme tissue-engineered 1605:1621 arg1 scaffold 1623:1630 a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold 1585:1630 a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering 1585:1840 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 1 64 theme biggest 133:139 arg1 challenges 141:150 the biggest challenges 129:150 the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine 129:175 One of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine is promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs. 25818442 6 65 with glass 1093:1097 arg1 size 1120:1123 a mean particle size 1104:1123 a mean particle size of 100 μm 1104:1133 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 6 66 theme tubule 1322:1327 arg1 formation 1329:1337 enhanced tubule formation 1313:1337 enhanced tubule formation 1313:1337 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 2 67 theme cellular 307:314 arg1 pathway 350:356 the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway 303:356 the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway 303:356 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 7 68 theme glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan 1477:1508 arg1 scaffolds 1510:1518 all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 1463:1518 all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size 1463:1552 Furthermore, our results prove the ability of these scaffolds to support osteoblast cell proliferation and osteogenesis in all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size. 25818442 6 69 theme bioactive 1083:1091 arg1 glass 1093:1097 cobalt bioactive glass 1076:1097 cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm 1076:1133 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 1 70 theme promoting 180:188 arg1 vascularisation 201:215 promoting sufficient vascularisation 180:215 promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs 180:247 One of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine is promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs. 25818442 8 71 theme bone 1703:1706 arg1 regeneration 1715:1726 bone tissue regeneration 1703:1726 bone tissue regeneration 1703:1726 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 4 72 theme bone 830:833 arg1 engineering 842:852 bone tissue engineering 830:852 bone tissue engineering 830:852 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 0 73 theme bioactive 18:26 arg1 composite 61:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite 0:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite 0:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite scaffolds to enhance angiogenesis and bone repair. 25818442 6 74 theme 100 μm 1128:1133 arg1 size 1120:1123 a mean particle size 1104:1123 a mean particle size of 100 μm 1104:1133 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 0 75 theme glycosaminoglycan 43:59 arg1 composite 61:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite 0:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite 0:69 Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite scaffolds to enhance angiogenesis and bone repair. 25818442 5 76 theme bioactive 872:880 arg1 glass 882:886 the bioactive glass 868:886 the bioactive glass 868:886 Inclusion of the bioactive glass improved the compressive modulus of the resulting composite scaffolds while maintaining high degrees of porosity (>97%). 25818442 1 77 from challenges 141:150 arg1 medicine 168:175 regenerative medicine 155:175 regenerative medicine 155:175 One of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine is promoting sufficient vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs. 25818442 2 78 theme pro-angiogenic 454:467 arg1 factor 513:518 vascular endothelial growth factor 485:518 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 485:525 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 2 78 theme pro-angiogenic 454:467 arg1 genes 469:473 numerous pro-angiogenic genes 445:473 numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 445:525 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 4 79 theme glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan 773:804 arg1 scaffolds 806:814 bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 763:814 bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering 763:852 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 7 80 theme scaffolds 1392:1400 arg1 ability 1375:1381 the ability 1371:1381 the ability of these scaffolds to support osteoblast cell proliferation and osteogenesis in all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size 1371:1552 Furthermore, our results prove the ability of these scaffolds to support osteoblast cell proliferation and osteogenesis in all bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds irrespective of the particle size. 25818442 8 81 theme inadequate 1756:1765 arg1 vascularisation 1767:1781 inadequate vascularisation 1756:1781 inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering 1756:1840 In summary, we have developed a hypoxia-mimicking tissue-engineered scaffold with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic capabilities that may encourage bone tissue regeneration and overcome the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering. 25818442 6 82 theme endothelial 1199:1209 arg1 cells 1211:1215 endothelial cells 1199:1215 endothelial cells 1199:1215 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 2 83 theme endothelial 494:504 arg1 VEGF 521:524 VEGF 521:524 VEGF 521:524 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 2 83 theme endothelial 494:504 arg1 factor 513:518 vascular endothelial growth factor 485:518 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 485:525 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 3 84 theme Cobalt 528:533 arg1 ions 535:538 Cobalt ions 528:538 Cobalt ions 528:538 Cobalt ions are known to mimic hypoxia by artificially stabilising the HIF-1α transcription factor. 25818442 6 85 theme VEGF 1191:1194 arg1 expression 1177:1186 expression 1177:1186 expression 1177:1186 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 6 85 theme VEGF 1191:1194 arg1 production 1162:1171 production 1162:1171 production 1162:1171 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 4 86 theme bioactive 645:653 arg1 100 μm 682:687 100 μm 682:687 100 μm 682:687 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 86 theme bioactive 645:653 arg1 38 μm 672:676 38 μm 672:676 38 μm 672:676 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 4 86 theme bioactive 645:653 arg1 particles 661:669 resorbable bioactive glass particles 634:669 resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network 634:741 Here, resorbable bioactive glass particles (38 μm and 100 μm) with cobalt ions incorporated into the glass network were used to create bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds optimised for bone tissue engineering. 25818442 6 87 from production 1162:1171 arg1 cells 1211:1215 endothelial cells 1199:1215 endothelial cells 1199:1215 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25818442 2 88 dep approach 254:261 arg1 overcome 266:273 overcome 266:273 to overcome this challenge 263:288 One approach to overcome this challenge is to target the cellular hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway, which responds to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and results in the activation of numerous pro-angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 25818442 6 89 from expression 1177:1186 arg1 cells 1211:1215 endothelial cells 1199:1215 endothelial cells 1199:1215 Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of cobalt bioactive glass with a mean particle size of 100 μm significantly enhanced the production and expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and cobalt bioactive glass/collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold conditioned media also promoted enhanced tubule formation. 25404856 0 0 theme supercritical 97:109 arg1 process 123:129 the supercritical antisolvent process 93:129 the supercritical antisolvent process 93:129 Fabrication and evaluation of valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent process. 25404856 5 1 theme Valsartan-hydroxypropyl 813:835 arg1 nanoparticles 867:879 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles 813:879 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles 813:879 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 5 2 theme methylcellulose-poloxamer 837:861 arg1 nanoparticles 867:879 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles 813:879 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles 813:879 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 2 3 with nanoparticles 424:436 arg1 size 450:453 a mean size 443:453 a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, 443:501 Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, were successfully fabricated by using the SAS process. 25404856 1 4 theme valsartan 171:179 arg1 nanoparticles 191:203 valsartan composite nanoparticles 171:203 valsartan composite nanoparticles 171:203 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 2 5 theme SAS 545:547 arg1 process 549:555 the SAS process 541:555 the SAS process 541:555 Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, were successfully fabricated by using the SAS process. 25404856 5 6 theme maximum 1067:1073 arg1 concentration 1082:1094 an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration 1034:1094 an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration 1034:1094 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 3 7 theme X-ray 558:562 arg1 diffraction 564:574 X-ray diffraction 558:574 X-ray diffraction 558:574 X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 0 8 theme antisolvent 111:121 arg1 process 123:129 the supercritical antisolvent process 93:129 the supercritical antisolvent process 93:129 Fabrication and evaluation of valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent process. 25404856 5 9 dep release 903:909 arg1 % 920:920 up to 90% 912:920 up to 90% 912:920 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 7 10 theme SAS 1360:1362 arg1 process 1364:1370 the SAS process 1356:1370 the SAS process 1356:1370 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 6 11 theme in 1197:1198 arg1 efficiency 1218:1227 the in vitro dissolution efficiency 1193:1227 the in vitro dissolution efficiency 1193:1227 In addition, there was a positive linear correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the in vitro dissolution efficiency. 25404856 4 12 theme oral 720:723 arg1 bioavailability 725:739 oral bioavailability 720:739 oral bioavailability 720:739 The in vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan were dramatically enhanced by the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 1 13 theme water-soluble 374:386 arg1 valsartan 393:401 the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan 363:401 the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan 363:401 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 2 14 theme mean 445:448 arg1 size 450:453 a mean size 443:453 a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, 443:501 Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, were successfully fabricated by using the SAS process. 25404856 1 15 theme composite 181:189 arg1 nanoparticles 191:203 valsartan composite nanoparticles 171:203 valsartan composite nanoparticles 171:203 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 5 16 theme faster 891:896 arg1 release 903:909 faster drug release 891:909 faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) 891:972 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 1 17 theme drug 388:391 arg1 valsartan 393:401 the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan 363:401 the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan 363:401 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 5 18 theme 407 863:865 arg1 nanoparticles 867:879 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles 813:879 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles 813:879 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 4 19 dep dissolution 704:714 arg1 The 691:693 The 691:693 The 691:693 The in vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan were dramatically enhanced by the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 6 20 theme pharmacokinetic 1162:1176 arg1 parameters 1178:1187 the pharmacokinetic parameters 1158:1187 the pharmacokinetic parameters 1158:1187 In addition, there was a positive linear correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the in vitro dissolution efficiency. 25404856 2 21 theme composite 414:422 arg1 nanoparticles 424:436 Spherical composite nanoparticles 404:436 Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, 404:501 Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, were successfully fabricated by using the SAS process. 25404856 5 22 theme drug 898:901 arg1 release 903:909 faster drug release 891:909 faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) 891:972 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 7 23 with preparation 1245:1255 arg1 methylcellulose 1313:1327 valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 1289:1327 valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 1289:1327 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 7 23 with preparation 1245:1255 arg1 poloxamer 1333:1341 poloxamer 407 1333:1345 poloxamer 407 1333:1345 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 3 24 from form 650:653 arg1 present 626:632 present 626:632 present 626:632 X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 2 25 theme Spherical 404:412 arg1 nanoparticles 424:436 Spherical composite nanoparticles 404:436 Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, 404:501 Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, were successfully fabricated by using the SAS process. 25404856 7 26 theme formulation 1394:1404 arg1 strategy 1406:1413 an effective formulation strategy 1381:1413 an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability 1381:1498 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 7 26 theme formulation 1394:1404 arg1 preparation 1245:1255 the preparation 1241:1255 the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 1241:1345 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 2 27 contain contained 482:490 arg2 valsartan 492:500 valsartan 492:500 valsartan 492:500 Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, were successfully fabricated by using the SAS process. 25404856 2 27 contain contained 482:490 arg1 nm 472:473 400 nm 468:473 400 nm 468:473 Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, were successfully fabricated by using the SAS process. 25404856 5 28 theme raw 1015:1017 arg1 material 1019:1026 the raw material 1011:1026 the raw material 1011:1026 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 4 29 theme in 695:696 arg1 dissolution 704:714 in vitro dissolution 695:714 in vitro dissolution 695:714 The in vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan were dramatically enhanced by the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 7 30 theme form 1451:1454 arg1 development 1423:1433 the development 1419:1433 the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability 1419:1498 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 4 31 theme composite 788:796 arg1 nanoparticles 798:810 the composite nanoparticles 784:810 the composite nanoparticles 784:810 The in vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan were dramatically enhanced by the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 6 32 theme positive 1122:1129 arg1 correlation 1138:1148 a positive linear correlation 1120:1148 a positive linear correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the in vitro dissolution efficiency 1120:1227 In addition, there was a positive linear correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the in vitro dissolution efficiency. 25404856 2 33 theme smaller 455:461 arg1 size 450:453 a mean size 443:453 a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, 443:501 Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, were successfully fabricated by using the SAS process. 25404856 1 34 theme in 299:300 arg1 dissolution 308:318 in vitro dissolution 299:318 in vitro dissolution 299:318 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 3 35 theme composite 666:674 arg1 nanoparticles 676:688 the composite nanoparticles 662:688 the composite nanoparticles 662:688 X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 3 36 theme thermal 580:586 arg1 analyses 588:595 thermal analyses 580:595 thermal analyses 580:595 X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 1 37 theme supercritical 218:230 arg1 SAS 245:247 SAS 245:247 SAS 245:247 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 1 37 theme supercritical 218:230 arg1 antisolvent 232:242 supercritical antisolvent 218:242 the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process 214:256 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 0 38 theme surfactant 49:58 arg1 composite 60:68 valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite 30:68 valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite 30:68 Fabrication and evaluation of valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent process. 25404856 6 39 theme dissolution 1206:1216 arg1 efficiency 1218:1227 the in vitro dissolution efficiency 1193:1227 the in vitro dissolution efficiency 1193:1227 In addition, there was a positive linear correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the in vitro dissolution efficiency. 25404856 7 40 theme nanoparticles 1270:1282 arg1 strategy 1406:1413 an effective formulation strategy 1381:1413 an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability 1381:1498 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 7 40 theme nanoparticles 1270:1282 arg1 preparation 1245:1255 the preparation 1241:1255 the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 1241:1345 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 3 41 from present 626:632 arg1 form 650:653 an amorphous form 637:653 an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles 637:688 X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 1 42 theme antisolvent 232:242 arg1 process 250:256 the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process 214:256 the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process 214:256 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 0 43 theme valsartan-polymer- 30:47 arg1 composite 60:68 valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite 30:68 valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite 30:68 Fabrication and evaluation of valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent process. 25404856 7 44 theme new 1440:1442 arg1 form 1451:1454 a new dosage form 1438:1454 a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability 1438:1498 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 6 45 dep in 1197:1198 arg1 vitro 1200:1204 vitro 1200:1204 vitro 1200:1204 In addition, there was a positive linear correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the in vitro dissolution efficiency. 25404856 7 46 theme valsartan-hydroxypropyl 1289:1311 arg1 methylcellulose 1313:1327 valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 1289:1327 valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 1289:1327 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 6 47 theme linear 1131:1136 arg1 correlation 1138:1148 a positive linear correlation 1120:1148 a positive linear correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the in vitro dissolution efficiency 1120:1227 In addition, there was a positive linear correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the in vitro dissolution efficiency. 25404856 7 48 theme valsartan 1459:1467 arg1 form 1451:1454 a new dosage form 1438:1454 a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability 1438:1498 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 7 49 with valsartan 1459:1467 arg1 bioavailability 1484:1498 high oral bioavailability 1474:1498 high oral bioavailability 1474:1498 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 7 50 theme high 1474:1477 arg1 bioavailability 1484:1498 high oral bioavailability 1474:1498 high oral bioavailability 1474:1498 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 4 51 theme valsartan 744:752 arg1 dissolution 704:714 in vitro dissolution 695:714 in vitro dissolution 695:714 The in vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan were dramatically enhanced by the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 4 51 theme valsartan 744:752 arg1 bioavailability 725:739 oral bioavailability 720:739 oral bioavailability 720:739 The in vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan were dramatically enhanced by the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 0 52 theme composite 60:68 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Fabrication and evaluation of valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent process. 25404856 0 52 theme composite 60:68 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication and evaluation of valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent process. 25404856 1 53 theme pharmacokinetic 332:346 arg1 parameters 348:357 pharmacokinetic parameters 332:357 pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan 332:401 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 7 54 theme oral 1479:1482 arg1 bioavailability 1484:1498 high oral bioavailability 1474:1498 high oral bioavailability 1474:1498 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 7 55 theme effective 1384:1392 arg1 strategy 1406:1413 an effective formulation strategy 1381:1413 an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability 1381:1498 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 7 55 theme effective 1384:1392 arg1 preparation 1245:1255 the preparation 1241:1255 the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 1241:1345 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 5 56 theme oral 985:988 arg1 bioavailability 990:1004 higher oral bioavailability 978:1004 higher oral bioavailability 978:1004 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 5 57 theme higher 1060:1065 arg1 concentration 1082:1094 an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration 1034:1094 an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration 1034:1094 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 3 58 theme amorphous 640:648 arg1 form 650:653 an amorphous form 637:653 an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles 637:688 X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 5 59 theme higher 978:983 arg1 bioavailability 990:1004 higher oral bioavailability 978:1004 higher oral bioavailability 978:1004 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 4 60 dep in 695:696 arg1 vitro 698:702 vitro 698:702 vitro 698:702 The in vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan were dramatically enhanced by the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 1 61 theme study 148:152 arg1 aim 136:138 The aim 132:138 The aim of this study 132:152 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 5 62 theme plasma 1075:1080 arg1 concentration 1082:1094 an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration 1034:1094 an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration 1034:1094 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 3 63 located present 626:632 arg2 valsartan 612:620 valsartan 612:620 valsartan 612:620 X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 3 63 located present 626:632 arg1 form 650:653 an amorphous form 637:653 an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles 637:688 X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 5 64 theme dissolution 950:960 arg1 conditions 962:971 all dissolution conditions 946:971 all dissolution conditions 946:971 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 7 65 theme dosage 1444:1449 arg1 form 1451:1454 a new dosage form 1438:1454 a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability 1438:1498 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 1 66 dep in 299:300 arg1 vitro 302:306 vitro 302:306 vitro 302:306 The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. 25404856 5 67 dep 90 918:919 arg1 to 915:916 to 915:916 to 915:916 Valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. 25404856 7 68 theme composite 1260:1268 arg1 nanoparticles 1270:1282 composite nanoparticles 1260:1282 composite nanoparticles 1260:1282 Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability. 25404856 3 69 attach present 626:632 arg2 valsartan 612:620 valsartan 612:620 valsartan 612:620 X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. 25404856 3 69 attach present 626:632 arg1 form 650:653 an amorphous form 637:653 an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles 637:688 X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. 24044417 4 0 theme ionic 816:820 arg1 increases 843:851 ionic strength-independent increases 816:851 ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume 816:870 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 7 1 theme 3D 1672:1673 arg1 implants 1675:1682 3D implants 1672:1682 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo 1672:1714 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 5 2 theme NaCl-free 1136:1144 arg1 conditions 1146:1155 NaCl-free conditions 1136:1155 NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) 1136:1169 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 5 2 theme NaCl-free 1136:1144 arg1 Ca-alginate 1158:1168 Ca-alginate 1158:1168 Ca-alginate 1158:1168 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 3 3 theme low 675:677 arg1 strength 693:700 low or high ionic strength 675:700 low or high ionic strength 675:700 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 6 4 theme NaCl 1213:1216 arg1 hydrogels 1218:1226 Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1201:1226 Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1201:1226 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 6 5 with hydrogels 1344:1352 arg1 modulus 1370:1376 an elastic modulus 1359:1376 an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa 1359:1386 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 1 6 theme rapid 169:173 arg1 disintegration 175:188 their rapid disintegration 163:188 their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength 163:224 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 3 7 theme strength 693:700 arg1 solutions 662:670 solutions 662:670 solutions of low or high ionic strength 662:700 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 3 8 with crosslinks 626:635 arg1 Ca 642:643 Ca 642:643 Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4 642:721 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 3 8 with crosslinks 626:635 arg1 mM 655:656 ≤ 10 mM 650:656 ≤ 10 mM 650:656 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 3 8 with crosslinks 626:635 arg1 2+ 645:646 2+ 645:646 2+ 645:646 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 3 9 theme high 682:685 arg1 strength 693:700 low or high ionic strength 675:700 low or high ionic strength 675:700 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 6 10 theme Ca 1264:1265 arg1 -concentration 1270:1283 the Ca(2+)-concentration 1260:1283 the Ca(2+)-concentration 1260:1283 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 5 11 theme mM 994:995 arg1 presence 978:985 the presence 974:985 the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) 974:1022 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 5 12 theme NaCl 1000:1003 arg1 mM 994:995 150 mM 990:995 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) 990:1022 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 3 13 theme dry 592:594 arg1 layers 605:610 dry alginate layers 592:610 dry alginate layers 592:610 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 1 14 theme ionic 211:215 arg1 strength 217:224 high ionic strength 206:224 high ionic strength 206:224 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 4 15 theme hydrogel 856:863 arg1 volume 865:870 hydrogel volume 856:870 hydrogel volume 856:870 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 4 16 dep 2 923:923 arg1 to 920:921 to 920:921 to 920:921 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 6 17 theme robust 1440:1445 arg1 outgrowth 1455:1463 robust neurite outgrowth 1440:1463 robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures 1440:1492 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 3 18 theme ionic 620:624 arg1 crosslinks 626:635 ionic crosslinks 620:635 ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4 620:721 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 1 19 from disintegration 175:188 arg1 solutions 193:201 solutions 193:201 solutions of high ionic strength 193:224 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 1 20 theme robust 133:138 arg1 outgrowth 148:156 robust neurite outgrowth 133:156 robust neurite outgrowth 133:156 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 7 21 theme strength 1598:1605 arg1 solutions 1574:1582 solutions 1574:1582 solutions of high ionic strength 1574:1605 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 1 22 dep in 256:257 arg1 vivo 259:262 vivo 259:262 vivo 259:262 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 7 23 from stability 1561:1569 arg1 solutions 1574:1582 solutions 1574:1582 solutions of high ionic strength 1574:1605 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 4 24 with alginates 748:756 arg1 compositions 783:794 different molecular compositions 763:794 different molecular compositions 763:794 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 5 25 theme long-term 1034:1042 arg1 stability 1051:1059 long-term volume stability 1034:1059 long-term volume stability 1034:1059 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 7 26 theme high 1587:1590 arg1 strength 1598:1605 high ionic strength 1587:1605 high ionic strength 1587:1605 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 2 27 theme three-dimensional 477:493 arg1 matrix 509:514 a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix 475:514 a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix 475:514 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 0 28 theme neural 86:91 arg1 growth 93:98 neural growth 86:98 neural growth 86:98 Swelling and mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels with respect to promotion of neural growth. 24044417 4 29 from pH 809:810 arg1 volume 865:870 hydrogel volume 856:870 hydrogel volume 856:870 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 2 30 theme alginate 500:507 arg1 matrix 509:514 a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix 475:514 a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix 475:514 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 2 31 theme ionic 387:391 arg1 strength 393:400 ionic strength 387:400 ionic strength 387:400 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 6 32 theme Ca-alginate 1327:1337 arg1 hydrogels 1344:1352 only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1322:1352 only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) 1322:1428 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 6 33 theme primary 1468:1474 arg1 cultures 1485:1492 primary neuronal cultures 1468:1492 primary neuronal cultures 1468:1492 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 7 34 theme NaCl 1527:1530 arg1 hydrogels 1532:1540 soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1510:1540 soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1510:1540 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 0 35 theme mechanical 13:22 arg1 properties 24:33 mechanical properties 13:33 mechanical properties 13:33 Swelling and mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels with respect to promotion of neural growth. 24044417 6 36 dep 10 1306:1307 arg1 to 1303:1304 to 1303:1304 to 1303:1304 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 1 37 theme Soft 101:104 arg1 hydrogels 115:123 Soft alginate hydrogels 101:123 Soft alginate hydrogels 101:123 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 7 38 theme soft 1510:1513 arg1 hydrogels 1532:1540 soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1510:1540 soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1510:1540 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 5 39 theme buffered 1064:1071 arg1 saline 1087:1092 buffered physiological saline 1064:1092 buffered physiological saline 1064:1092 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 5 40 dep displayed 1024:1032 arg1 whereas 1095:1101 whereas 1095:1101 whereas 1095:1101 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 3 41 from 7.4 719:721 arg1 Ca 642:643 Ca 642:643 Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4 642:721 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 3 41 from 7.4 719:721 arg1 mM 655:656 ≤ 10 mM 650:656 ≤ 10 mM 650:656 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 3 41 from 7.4 719:721 arg1 2+ 645:646 2+ 645:646 2+ 645:646 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 4 42 theme different 763:771 arg1 compositions 783:794 different molecular compositions 763:794 different molecular compositions 763:794 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 4 43 from increases 843:851 arg1 volume 865:870 hydrogel volume 856:870 hydrogel volume 856:870 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 7 44 theme neural 1688:1693 arg1 regeneration 1695:1706 neural regeneration 1688:1706 neural regeneration in vivo 1688:1714 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 3 45 theme ≤ 650:650 arg1 Ca 642:643 Ca 642:643 Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4 642:721 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 3 45 theme ≤ 650:650 arg1 mM 655:656 ≤ 10 mM 650:656 ≤ 10 mM 650:656 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 2 46 theme alginate 329:336 arg1 hydrogels 338:346 soft alginate hydrogels 324:346 soft alginate hydrogels 324:346 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 1 47 theme strength 217:224 arg1 solutions 193:201 solutions 193:201 solutions of high ionic strength 193:224 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 5 48 theme Only 929:932 arg1 hydrogels 939:947 Only soft hydrogels 929:947 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) 929:1022 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 1 49 theme long-term 246:254 arg1 applications 264:275 long-term in vivo applications 246:275 long-term in vivo applications 246:275 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 6 50 theme hydrogels 1218:1226 arg1 stiffnesses 1186:1196 The stiffnesses 1182:1196 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1182:1226 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 4 51 theme strength-independent 822:841 arg1 increases 843:851 ionic strength-independent increases 816:851 ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume 816:870 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 3 52 from Ca 642:643 arg1 solutions 662:670 solutions 662:670 solutions of low or high ionic strength 662:700 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 6 53 theme Ca-alginate 1201:1211 arg1 hydrogels 1218:1226 Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1201:1226 Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1201:1226 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 7 54 theme ionic 1592:1596 arg1 strength 1598:1605 high ionic strength 1587:1605 high ionic strength 1587:1605 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 4 55 theme molecular 773:781 arg1 compositions 783:794 different molecular compositions 763:794 different molecular compositions 763:794 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 7 56 theme neural 1635:1640 arg1 growth 1642:1647 neural growth 1635:1647 neural growth 1635:1647 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 6 57 theme ≤ 1413:1413 arg1 mM 1417:1418 ≤ 4 mM 1413:1418 ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) 1413:1428 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 2 58 from changes 369:375 arg1 pH 380:381 pH 380:381 pH 380:381 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 2 58 from changes 369:375 arg1 strength 393:400 ionic strength 387:400 ionic strength 387:400 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 2 59 theme mechanical 300:309 arg1 stability 311:319 the mechanical stability 296:319 the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels 296:346 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 6 60 dep 19 1250:1251 arg1 to 1247:1248 to 1247:1248 to 1247:1248 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 3 61 theme ionic 687:691 arg1 strength 693:700 low or high ionic strength 675:700 low or high ionic strength 675:700 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 1 62 theme high 206:209 arg1 strength 217:224 high ionic strength 206:224 high ionic strength 206:224 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 4 63 theme Ca 890:891 arg1 concentrations 897:910 Ca(2+) concentrations 890:910 Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM 890:926 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 4 64 from decreases 877:885 arg1 concentrations 897:910 Ca(2+) concentrations 890:910 Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM 890:926 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 4 64 from decreases 877:885 arg1 mM 925:926 10 to 2 mM 917:926 10 to 2 mM 917:926 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 6 65 theme neurite 1447:1453 arg1 outgrowth 1455:1463 robust neurite outgrowth 1440:1463 robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures 1440:1492 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 1 66 theme alginate 106:113 arg1 hydrogels 115:123 Soft alginate hydrogels 101:123 Soft alginate hydrogels 101:123 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 6 67 from outgrowth 1455:1463 arg1 cultures 1485:1492 primary neuronal cultures 1468:1492 primary neuronal cultures 1468:1492 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 2 68 theme neurite 543:549 arg1 outgrowth 551:559 neurite outgrowth 543:559 neurite outgrowth 543:559 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 1 69 dep long-term 246:254 arg1 in 256:257 in 256:257 in 256:257 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 3 70 theme alginate 596:603 arg1 layers 605:610 dry alginate layers 592:610 dry alginate layers 592:610 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 1 71 theme neurite 140:146 arg1 outgrowth 148:156 robust neurite outgrowth 133:156 robust neurite outgrowth 133:156 Soft alginate hydrogels support robust neurite outgrowth, but their rapid disintegration in solutions of high ionic strength restricts them from long-term in vivo applications. 24044417 4 72 from mM 925:926 arg1 concentrations 897:910 Ca(2+) concentrations 890:910 Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM 890:926 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 4 72 from mM 925:926 arg1 decreases 877:885 decreases 877:885 decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM 877:926 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 5 73 theme volume 1044:1049 arg1 stability 1051:1059 long-term volume stability 1034:1059 long-term volume stability 1034:1059 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 6 74 theme Ca 1423:1424 arg1 mM 1417:1418 ≤ 4 mM 1413:1418 ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) 1413:1428 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 5 75 theme Ca-alginate 1006:1016 arg1 NaCl 1000:1003 NaCl 1000:1003 NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) 1000:1022 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 5 75 theme Ca-alginate 1006:1016 arg1 NaCl 1018:1021 Ca-alginate NaCl 1006:1021 Ca-alginate NaCl 1006:1021 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 3 76 from pH 709:710 arg1 Ca 642:643 Ca 642:643 Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4 642:721 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 3 76 from pH 709:710 arg1 mM 655:656 ≤ 10 mM 650:656 ≤ 10 mM 650:656 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 3 76 from pH 709:710 arg1 2+ 645:646 2+ 645:646 2+ 645:646 Hydrogels were generated from dry alginate layers through ionic crosslinks with Ca(2+) (≤ 10 mM) in solutions of low or high ionic strength and at pH 5.5 or 7.4. 24044417 0 77 theme growth 93:98 arg1 promotion 73:81 promotion 73:81 promotion of neural growth 73:98 Swelling and mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels with respect to promotion of neural growth. 24044417 2 78 theme matrix 509:514 arg1 stiffness 442:450 stiffness 442:450 stiffness 442:450 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 2 78 theme matrix 509:514 arg1 disintegration 457:470 disintegration 457:470 disintegration 457:470 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 2 78 theme matrix 509:514 arg1 swelling 432:439 swelling 432:439 swelling 432:439 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 2 78 theme matrix 509:514 arg1 ability 524:530 its ability to support neurite outgrowth 520:559 its ability to support neurite outgrowth 520:559 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 6 79 theme NaCl 1339:1342 arg1 hydrogels 1344:1352 only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1322:1352 only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) 1322:1428 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 6 80 theme neuronal 1476:1483 arg1 cultures 1485:1492 primary neuronal cultures 1468:1492 primary neuronal cultures 1468:1492 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 24044417 7 81 theme mechanical 1550:1559 arg1 stability 1561:1569 mechanical stability 1550:1569 mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength 1550:1605 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 5 82 theme analogous 1103:1111 arg1 hydrogels 1113:1121 analogous hydrogels 1103:1121 analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) 1103:1169 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 0 83 theme alginate 38:45 arg1 Swelling 0:7 Swelling 0:7 Swelling 0:7 Swelling and mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels with respect to promotion of neural growth. 24044417 0 83 theme alginate 38:45 arg1 properties 24:33 mechanical properties 13:33 mechanical properties 13:33 Swelling and mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels with respect to promotion of neural growth. 24044417 7 84 theme Ca-alginate 1515:1525 arg1 hydrogels 1532:1540 soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1510:1540 soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels 1510:1540 In conclusion, soft Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels combine mechanical stability in solutions of high ionic strength with the ability to support neural growth and could be useful as 3D implants for neural regeneration in vivo. 24044417 4 85 theme low-viscosity 734:746 arg1 alginates 748:756 High- and low-viscosity alginates 724:756 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions 724:794 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 5 86 theme physiological 1073:1085 arg1 saline 1087:1092 buffered physiological saline 1064:1092 buffered physiological saline 1064:1092 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 2 87 dep three-dimensional 477:493 arg1 3D 496:497 3D 496:497 3D 496:497 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 2 88 theme hydrogels 338:346 arg1 stability 311:319 the mechanical stability 296:319 the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels 296:346 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 2 89 theme soft 324:327 arg1 hydrogels 338:346 soft alginate hydrogels 324:346 soft alginate hydrogels 324:346 Aiming to enhance the mechanical stability of soft alginate hydrogels, we investigated how changes in pH and ionic strength during gelation influence the swelling, stiffness, and disintegration of a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix and its ability to support neurite outgrowth. 24044417 5 90 theme soft 934:937 arg1 hydrogels 939:947 Only soft hydrogels 929:947 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) 929:1022 Only soft hydrogels that were synthesized in the presence of 150 mM of NaCl (Ca-alginate NaCl) displayed long-term volume stability in buffered physiological saline, whereas analogous hydrogels generated in NaCl-free conditions (Ca-alginate) collapsed. 24044417 4 91 theme High- 724:728 arg1 alginates 748:756 High- and low-viscosity alginates 724:756 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions 724:794 High- and low-viscosity alginates with different molecular compositions demonstrated pH and ionic strength-independent increases in hydrogel volume with decreases in Ca(2+) concentrations from 10 to 2 mM. 24044417 6 92 theme elastic 1362:1368 arg1 modulus 1370:1376 an elastic modulus 1359:1376 an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa 1359:1386 The stiffnesses of Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels elevated from 0.01 to 19 kPa as the Ca(2+)-concentration was raised from 2 to 10 mM; however, only Ca-alginate NaCl hydrogels with an elastic modulus ≤ 1.5 kPa that were generated with ≤ 4 mM of Ca(2+) supported robust neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures. 25583262 3 0 theme ascorbate 472:480 arg1 peroxidase 482:491 the ascorbate peroxidase 468:491 the ascorbate peroxidase activity 468:500 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 6 1 theme peroxidase 864:873 arg1 activity 881:888 the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity 850:888 the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity 850:888 Results showed that higher solar radiation tends to decrease fructose content and, along with temperature, increases the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. 25583262 1 2 theme pollution 232:240 arg1 Ozone 128:132 Ozone 128:132 Ozone (O3) 128:137 Ozone (O3) is the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution. 25583262 1 2 theme pollution 232:240 arg1 oxidant 173:179 the most abundant tropospheric oxidant 142:179 the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution 142:240 Ozone (O3) is the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution. 25583262 1 2 theme pollution 232:240 arg1 component 205:213 an important component 192:213 the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution 142:240 Ozone (O3) is the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution. 25583262 9 3 theme Hydrogen 1206:1213 arg1 H2O2 1225:1228 H2O2 1225:1228 H2O2 1225:1228 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation was higher in plants that were fumigated with ozone when compared to the control, and it decreased throughout the day. 25583262 9 3 theme Hydrogen 1206:1213 arg1 peroxide 1215:1222 Hydrogen peroxide 1206:1222 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation 1206:1242 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation was higher in plants that were fumigated with ozone when compared to the control, and it decreased throughout the day. 25583262 7 4 theme fructans 919:926 arg1 activity 896:903 Such activity 891:903 Such activity 891:903 Such activity and levels of fructans practically did not vary during the time the experiment was being done, but APX daylight variation was modified by the ozone. 25583262 7 4 theme fructans 919:926 arg1 levels 909:914 levels 909:914 levels of fructans 909:926 Such activity and levels of fructans practically did not vary during the time the experiment was being done, but APX daylight variation was modified by the ozone. 25583262 3 5 theme peroxidase 482:491 arg1 activity 493:500 the ascorbate peroxidase activity 468:500 the ascorbate peroxidase activity 468:500 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 8 6 theme pollutant 1086:1094 arg1 levels 1071:1076 the higher levels 1060:1076 the higher levels of this pollutant 1060:1094 Thus, the higher levels of this pollutant decreased the APX activity and increased fructose content, as well as changed the size of the fructan chains. 25583262 0 7 from Fructans 0:7 arg1 ryegrass 57:64 ryegrass 57:64 ryegrass 57:64 Fructans, ascorbate peroxidase, and hydrogen peroxide in ryegrass exposed to ozone under contrasting meteorological conditions. 25583262 3 8 theme H2O2 511:514 arg1 accumulation 516:527 the H2O2 accumulation 507:527 the H2O2 accumulation 507:527 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 4 9 theme italicum 569:576 arg1 cv 578:579 italicum cv 569:579 italicum cv. 569:580 italicum cv. 25583262 0 10 from peroxide 45:52 arg1 ryegrass 57:64 ryegrass 57:64 ryegrass 57:64 Fructans, ascorbate peroxidase, and hydrogen peroxide in ryegrass exposed to ozone under contrasting meteorological conditions. 25583262 11 11 theme defense 1487:1493 arg1 system 1495:1500 the defense system 1483:1500 the defense system 1483:1500 It suggested that fructans could also help the defense system when there is a reduction on the APX activity in the plant. 25583262 3 12 theme accumulation 516:527 arg1 contents 423:430 the contents 419:430 the contents 419:430 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 3 12 theme accumulation 516:527 arg1 composition 440:450 the composition 436:450 the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation 436:527 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 0 13 theme meteorological 101:114 arg1 conditions 116:125 contrasting meteorological conditions 89:125 contrasting meteorological conditions 89:125 Fructans, ascorbate peroxidase, and hydrogen peroxide in ryegrass exposed to ozone under contrasting meteorological conditions. 25583262 6 14 theme ascorbate 854:862 arg1 APX 876:878 APX 876:878 APX 876:878 Results showed that higher solar radiation tends to decrease fructose content and, along with temperature, increases the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. 25583262 6 14 theme ascorbate 854:862 arg1 peroxidase 864:873 ascorbate peroxidase 854:873 the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity 850:888 Results showed that higher solar radiation tends to decrease fructose content and, along with temperature, increases the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. 25583262 7 15 dep time 964:967 arg1 done 994:997 done 994:997 was being done 984:997 Such activity and levels of fructans practically did not vary during the time the experiment was being done, but APX daylight variation was modified by the ozone. 25583262 7 15 dep time 964:967 arg1 modified 1031:1038 modified 1031:1038 was modified by the ozone 1027:1051 Such activity and levels of fructans practically did not vary during the time the experiment was being done, but APX daylight variation was modified by the ozone. 25583262 0 16 theme contrasting 89:99 arg1 conditions 116:125 contrasting meteorological conditions 89:125 contrasting meteorological conditions 89:125 Fructans, ascorbate peroxidase, and hydrogen peroxide in ryegrass exposed to ozone under contrasting meteorological conditions. 25583262 11 17 theme APX 1535:1537 arg1 activity 1539:1546 the APX activity 1531:1546 the APX activity in the plant 1531:1559 It suggested that fructans could also help the defense system when there is a reduction on the APX activity in the plant. 25583262 6 18 theme solar 760:764 arg1 radiation 766:774 higher solar radiation 753:774 higher solar radiation 753:774 Results showed that higher solar radiation tends to decrease fructose content and, along with temperature, increases the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. 25583262 11 19 from activity 1539:1546 arg1 plant 1555:1559 the plant 1551:1559 the plant 1551:1559 It suggested that fructans could also help the defense system when there is a reduction on the APX activity in the plant. 25583262 1 20 theme abundant 151:158 arg1 Ozone 128:132 Ozone 128:132 Ozone (O3) 128:137 Ozone (O3) is the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution. 25583262 1 20 theme abundant 151:158 arg1 oxidant 173:179 the most abundant tropospheric oxidant 142:179 the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution 142:240 Ozone (O3) is the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution. 25583262 6 21 theme higher 753:758 arg1 radiation 766:774 higher solar radiation 753:774 higher solar radiation 753:774 Results showed that higher solar radiation tends to decrease fructose content and, along with temperature, increases the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. 25583262 2 22 theme oxygen 293:298 arg1 species 300:306 reactive oxygen species 284:306 reactive oxygen species that change the antioxidative pool and the carbohydrate metabolism 284:373 Once inside the plant, ozone can produce reactive oxygen species that change the antioxidative pool and the carbohydrate metabolism. 25583262 1 23 theme tropospheric 160:171 arg1 Ozone 128:132 Ozone 128:132 Ozone (O3) 128:137 Ozone (O3) is the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution. 25583262 1 23 theme tropospheric 160:171 arg1 oxidant 173:179 the most abundant tropospheric oxidant 142:179 the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution 142:240 Ozone (O3) is the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution. 25583262 8 24 theme APX 1110:1112 arg1 activity 1114:1121 the APX activity 1106:1121 the APX activity 1106:1121 Thus, the higher levels of this pollutant decreased the APX activity and increased fructose content, as well as changed the size of the fructan chains. 25583262 5 25 theme short-term 609:618 arg1 exposure 620:627 short-term exposure 609:627 short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer) 609:730 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 2 26 theme reactive 284:291 arg1 species 300:306 reactive oxygen species 284:306 reactive oxygen species that change the antioxidative pool and the carbohydrate metabolism 284:373 Once inside the plant, ozone can produce reactive oxygen species that change the antioxidative pool and the carbohydrate metabolism. 25583262 6 27 dep tends 776:780 arg1 increases 840:848 increases 840:848 increases the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity 840:888 Results showed that higher solar radiation tends to decrease fructose content and, along with temperature, increases the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. 25583262 2 28 theme carbohydrate 351:362 arg1 metabolism 364:373 the carbohydrate metabolism 347:373 the carbohydrate metabolism 347:373 Once inside the plant, ozone can produce reactive oxygen species that change the antioxidative pool and the carbohydrate metabolism. 25583262 7 29 mod modified 1031:1038 arg3 ozone 1047:1051 the ozone 1043:1051 the ozone 1043:1051 Such activity and levels of fructans practically did not vary during the time the experiment was being done, but APX daylight variation was modified by the ozone. 25583262 7 29 mod modified 1031:1038 arg1 variation 1017:1025 APX daylight variation 1004:1025 APX daylight variation 1004:1025 Such activity and levels of fructans practically did not vary during the time the experiment was being done, but APX daylight variation was modified by the ozone. 25583262 7 30 theme Such 891:894 arg1 activity 896:903 Such activity 891:903 Such activity 891:903 Such activity and levels of fructans practically did not vary during the time the experiment was being done, but APX daylight variation was modified by the ozone. 25583262 0 31 theme ascorbate 10:18 arg1 peroxidase 20:29 ascorbate peroxidase 10:29 ascorbate peroxidase 10:29 Fructans, ascorbate peroxidase, and hydrogen peroxide in ryegrass exposed to ozone under contrasting meteorological conditions. 25583262 10 32 theme fructan 1380:1386 arg1 contents 1388:1395 fructan contents 1380:1395 fructan contents 1380:1395 As a conclusion, fructan contents increased when the APX activity decreased. 25583262 2 33 theme antioxidative 324:336 arg1 pool 338:341 the antioxidative pool 320:341 the antioxidative pool 320:341 Once inside the plant, ozone can produce reactive oxygen species that change the antioxidative pool and the carbohydrate metabolism. 25583262 3 34 dep Lolium 545:550 arg1 multiflorum 552:562 multiflorum 552:562 multiflorum 552:562 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 11 35 from reduction 1518:1526 arg1 activity 1539:1546 the APX activity 1531:1546 the APX activity in the plant 1531:1559 It suggested that fructans could also help the defense system when there is a reduction on the APX activity in the plant. 25583262 8 36 theme fructan 1190:1196 arg1 chains 1198:1203 the fructan chains 1186:1203 the fructan chains 1186:1203 Thus, the higher levels of this pollutant decreased the APX activity and increased fructose content, as well as changed the size of the fructan chains. 25583262 8 37 theme fructose 1137:1144 arg1 content 1146:1152 fructose content 1137:1152 fructose content 1137:1152 Thus, the higher levels of this pollutant decreased the APX activity and increased fructose content, as well as changed the size of the fructan chains. 25583262 5 38 theme contrasting 692:702 arg1 winter 713:718 winter 713:718 winter 713:718 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 5 38 theme contrasting 692:702 arg1 seasons 704:710 two contrasting seasons 688:710 two contrasting seasons (winter and summer) 688:730 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 5 38 theme contrasting 692:702 arg1 summer 724:729 summer 724:729 summer 724:729 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 3 39 theme current 380:386 arg1 study 388:392 The current study 376:392 The current study 376:392 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 7 40 theme daylight 1008:1015 arg1 variation 1017:1025 APX daylight variation 1004:1025 APX daylight variation 1004:1025 Such activity and levels of fructans practically did not vary during the time the experiment was being done, but APX daylight variation was modified by the ozone. 25583262 10 41 theme APX 1416:1418 arg1 activity 1420:1427 the APX activity 1412:1427 the APX activity 1412:1427 As a conclusion, fructan contents increased when the APX activity decreased. 25583262 5 42 dep seasons 704:710 arg1 winter 713:718 winter 713:718 winter 713:718 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 5 42 dep seasons 704:710 arg1 seasons 704:710 two contrasting seasons 688:710 two contrasting seasons (winter and summer) 688:730 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 5 42 dep seasons 704:710 arg1 summer 724:729 summer 724:729 summer 724:729 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 7 43 theme APX 1004:1006 arg1 variation 1017:1025 APX daylight variation 1004:1025 APX daylight variation 1004:1025 Such activity and levels of fructans practically did not vary during the time the experiment was being done, but APX daylight variation was modified by the ozone. 25583262 0 44 theme hydrogen 36:43 arg1 peroxide 45:52 hydrogen peroxide 36:52 hydrogen peroxide 36:52 Fructans, ascorbate peroxidase, and hydrogen peroxide in ryegrass exposed to ozone under contrasting meteorological conditions. 25583262 5 45 theme different 648:656 arg1 conditions 673:682 different meteorological conditions 648:682 different meteorological conditions 648:682 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 8 46 theme chains 1198:1203 arg1 size 1178:1181 the size 1174:1181 the size of the fructan chains 1174:1203 Thus, the higher levels of this pollutant decreased the APX activity and increased fructose content, as well as changed the size of the fructan chains. 25583262 5 47 theme meteorological 658:671 arg1 conditions 673:682 different meteorological conditions 648:682 different meteorological conditions 648:682 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 1 48 theme important 195:203 arg1 component 205:213 an important component 192:213 the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution 142:240 Ozone (O3) is the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution. 25583262 9 49 theme peroxide 1215:1222 arg1 accumulation 1231:1242 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation 1206:1242 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation 1206:1242 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation was higher in plants that were fumigated with ozone when compared to the control, and it decreased throughout the day. 25583262 3 50 theme fructan 459:465 arg1 contents 423:430 the contents 419:430 the contents 419:430 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 3 50 theme fructan 459:465 arg1 composition 440:450 the composition 436:450 the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation 436:527 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 5 51 from conditions 673:682 arg1 winter 713:718 winter 713:718 winter 713:718 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 5 51 from conditions 673:682 arg1 seasons 704:710 two contrasting seasons 688:710 two contrasting seasons (winter and summer) 688:730 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 5 51 from conditions 673:682 arg1 summer 724:729 summer 724:729 summer 724:729 Lema plants as response to short-term exposure to ozone and/or to different meteorological conditions, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). 25583262 8 52 theme higher 1064:1069 arg1 levels 1071:1076 the higher levels 1060:1076 the higher levels of this pollutant 1060:1094 Thus, the higher levels of this pollutant decreased the APX activity and increased fructose content, as well as changed the size of the fructan chains. 25583262 6 53 theme fructose 794:801 arg1 content 803:809 fructose content 794:809 fructose content 794:809 Results showed that higher solar radiation tends to decrease fructose content and, along with temperature, increases the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. 25583262 3 54 theme activity 493:500 arg1 contents 423:430 the contents 419:430 the contents 419:430 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 3 54 theme activity 493:500 arg1 composition 440:450 the composition 436:450 the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation 436:527 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 0 55 from peroxidase 20:29 arg1 ryegrass 57:64 ryegrass 57:64 ryegrass 57:64 Fructans, ascorbate peroxidase, and hydrogen peroxide in ryegrass exposed to ozone under contrasting meteorological conditions. 25583262 3 56 theme Lolium 545:550 arg1 ssp 564:566 Lolium multiflorum ssp 545:566 Lolium multiflorum ssp 545:566 The current study aimed to analyze whether the contents and the composition of the fructan, the ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the H2O2 accumulation were changed in Lolium multiflorum ssp. 25583262 1 57 theme photochemical 218:230 arg1 pollution 232:240 photochemical pollution 218:240 photochemical pollution 218:240 Ozone (O3) is the most abundant tropospheric oxidant as well as an important component of photochemical pollution. 26674535 3 0 theme molar 714:718 arg1 mass 720:723 molar mass 714:723 molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol 714:774 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 3 1 theme higher 752:757 arg1 masses 735:740 molar masses 729:740 molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol 729:774 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 5 2 used used 865:868 arg2 SEC 851:853 SEC 851:853 SEC 851:853 SEC is widely used to determine molar mass distributions and their dispersities. 26674535 9 3 dep closer 1635:1640 arg1 polymer 1691:1697 the polymer 1687:1697 the more homogeneous the polymer 1666:1697 In addition, the dispersity value allows conclusions based on a single value: the closer the dispersity is to 1, the more homogeneous the polymer is in terms of composition or branching. 26674535 9 3 dep closer 1635:1640 arg1 dispersity 1646:1655 the dispersity 1642:1655 the closer the dispersity is to 1, the more homogeneous the polymer 1631:1697 In addition, the dispersity value allows conclusions based on a single value: the closer the dispersity is to 1, the more homogeneous the polymer is in terms of composition or branching. 26674535 9 3 dep closer 1635:1640 arg1 1 1663:1663 1 1663:1663 1 1663:1663 In addition, the dispersity value allows conclusions based on a single value: the closer the dispersity is to 1, the more homogeneous the polymer is in terms of composition or branching. 26674535 5 4 theme molar 883:887 arg1 distributions 894:906 molar mass distributions 883:906 molar mass distributions 883:906 SEC is widely used to determine molar mass distributions and their dispersities. 26674535 10 5 theme synthetic 1925:1933 arg1 polymers 1947:1954 both synthetic and natural polymers 1920:1954 both synthetic and natural polymers 1920:1954 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 10 6 theme important 1791:1799 arg1 attributes 1811:1820 important molecular attributes 1791:1820 important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass 1791:1854 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 3 7 theme critical 635:642 arg1 CE-CC 657:661 CE-CC 657:661 CE-CC 657:661 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 3 7 theme critical 635:642 arg1 " 654:654 the "critical conditions" 630:654 the "critical conditions" (CE-CC) 630:662 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 6 8 theme cases 1199:1203 arg1 number 1176:1181 a number 1174:1181 a number of experimental cases 1174:1203 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 10 9 theme dispersity 1777:1786 arg1 analysis 1765:1772 the analysis 1761:1772 the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass 1761:1854 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 1 10 theme polymers 217:224 arg1 complexity 181:190 The complexity 177:190 The complexity of synthetic and natural polymers used in industrial and medical applications 177:268 The complexity of synthetic and natural polymers used in industrial and medical applications is expanding; thus, it becomes increasingly important to improve and develop methods for their molecular characterization. 26674535 9 11 theme composition 1714:1724 arg1 terms 1705:1709 terms 1705:1709 terms of composition or branching 1705:1737 In addition, the dispersity value allows conclusions based on a single value: the closer the dispersity is to 1, the more homogeneous the polymer is in terms of composition or branching. 26674535 10 12 dep other 1834:1838 arg1 than 1840:1843 than 1840:1843 than 1840:1843 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 0 13 theme Mobilities 146:155 arg1 Distributions 113:125 Their Distributions 107:125 Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions 107:174 Quantifying the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers through the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions. 26674535 10 14 theme polymers 1825:1832 arg1 attributes 1811:1820 important molecular attributes 1791:1820 important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass 1791:1854 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 9 15 theme branching 1729:1737 arg1 terms 1705:1709 terms 1705:1709 terms of composition or branching 1705:1737 In addition, the dispersity value allows conclusions based on a single value: the closer the dispersity is to 1, the more homogeneous the polymer is in terms of composition or branching. 26674535 10 16 theme attributes 1811:1820 arg1 dispersity 1777:1786 dispersity 1777:1786 dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass 1777:1854 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 6 17 theme analogous 952:960 arg1 calculation 962:972 an analogous calculation 949:972 an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities 949:1043 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 10 18 theme mass 1851:1854 arg1 attributes 1811:1820 important molecular attributes 1791:1820 important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass 1791:1854 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 8 19 theme molar 1522:1526 arg1 Mw/Mn 1546:1550 molar mass distribution Mw/Mn 1522:1550 molar mass distribution Mw/Mn 1522:1550 Among four possible types of dispersity, the most precise values were obtained with the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn. 26674535 0 20 theme Charged 64:70 arg1 Polymers 72:79 Complex Charged Polymers 56:79 Complex Charged Polymers 56:79 Quantifying the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers through the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions. 26674535 2 21 theme charged 533:539 arg1 polymers 541:548 both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 498:548 both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 498:548 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 0 22 from Heterogeneity 16:28 arg1 Polymers 72:79 Complex Charged Polymers 56:79 Complex Charged Polymers 56:79 Quantifying the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers through the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions. 26674535 9 23 theme dispersity 1570:1579 arg1 value 1581:1585 the dispersity value 1566:1585 the dispersity value 1566:1585 In addition, the dispersity value allows conclusions based on a single value: the closer the dispersity is to 1, the more homogeneous the polymer is in terms of composition or branching. 26674535 6 24 theme mobilities 1034:1043 arg1 distributions 1001:1013 the distributions 997:1013 the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities 997:1043 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 6 25 from heterogeneity 1065:1077 arg1 polysaccharides 1120:1134 different polysaccharides 1110:1134 different polysaccharides 1110:1134 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 6 25 from heterogeneity 1065:1077 arg1 polymers 1149:1156 synthetic polymers 1139:1156 synthetic polymers 1139:1156 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 1 26 theme molecular 365:373 arg1 characterization 375:390 their molecular characterization 359:390 their molecular characterization 359:390 The complexity of synthetic and natural polymers used in industrial and medical applications is expanding; thus, it becomes increasingly important to improve and develop methods for their molecular characterization. 26674535 3 27 theme capillary 598:606 arg1 electrophoresis 608:622 free-solution capillary electrophoresis 584:622 free-solution capillary electrophoresis 584:622 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 8 28 theme possible 1400:1407 arg1 types 1409:1413 four possible types 1395:1413 four possible types of dispersity 1395:1427 Among four possible types of dispersity, the most precise values were obtained with the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn. 26674535 2 29 dep separation 463:472 arg1 the 459:461 the 459:461 the 459:461 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 7 30 theme molar 1363:1367 arg1 distributions 1374:1386 molar mass distributions 1363:1386 molar mass distributions 1363:1386 Calculations are based on a ratio of moments and could therefore be compared to simulations of polymerization processes, in analogy to the work performed on molar mass distributions. 26674535 11 31 theme chemical 2020:2027 arg1 reaction 2029:2036 a chemical reaction 2018:2036 a chemical reaction within the CE instrument 2018:2061 The dispersity can also be monitored online while performing a chemical reaction within the CE instrument. 26674535 2 32 theme synthetic 515:523 arg1 polymers 541:548 both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 498:548 both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 498:548 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 8 33 theme most 1434:1437 arg1 values 1447:1452 the most precise values 1430:1452 the most precise values 1430:1452 Among four possible types of dispersity, the most precise values were obtained with the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn. 26674535 3 34 from " 654:654 arg1 case 558:561 the case 554:561 the case of polyelectrolytes 554:581 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 0 35 theme Chemical 33:40 arg1 Structures 42:51 Chemical Structures 33:51 Chemical Structures 33:51 Quantifying the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers through the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions. 26674535 2 36 theme natural 503:509 arg1 polymers 541:548 both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 498:548 both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 498:548 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 4 37 theme size-exclusion 814:827 arg1 chromatography 829:842 size-exclusion chromatography 814:842 size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 814:848 This method is thus complementary to size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 26674535 4 37 theme size-exclusion 814:827 arg1 SEC 845:847 SEC 845:847 SEC 845:847 This method is thus complementary to size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 26674535 8 38 with analogous 1489:1497 arg1 dispersity 1508:1517 the dispersity 1504:1517 the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn 1504:1550 Among four possible types of dispersity, the most precise values were obtained with the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn. 26674535 1 39 theme industrial 234:243 arg1 applications 257:268 industrial and medical applications 234:268 industrial and medical applications 234:268 The complexity of synthetic and natural polymers used in industrial and medical applications is expanding; thus, it becomes increasingly important to improve and develop methods for their molecular characterization. 26674535 10 40 theme overall 1882:1888 arg1 characterization 1900:1915 the overall molecular characterization 1878:1915 the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers 1878:1954 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 6 41 gly heterogeneity 1065:1077 arg1 branching 1097:1105 branching 1097:1105 branching 1097:1105 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 6 41 gly heterogeneity 1065:1077 arg1 composition 1082:1092 composition 1082:1092 composition 1082:1092 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 2 42 theme Free-solution 393:405 arg1 technique 445:453 a robust technique 436:453 a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 436:548 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 2 42 theme Free-solution 393:405 arg1 electrophoresis 417:431 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis 393:431 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis 393:431 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 1 43 theme medical 249:255 arg1 applications 257:268 industrial and medical applications 234:268 industrial and medical applications 234:268 The complexity of synthetic and natural polymers used in industrial and medical applications is expanding; thus, it becomes increasingly important to improve and develop methods for their molecular characterization. 26674535 7 44 theme polymerization 1301:1314 arg1 processes 1316:1324 polymerization processes 1301:1324 polymerization processes 1301:1324 Calculations are based on a ratio of moments and could therefore be compared to simulations of polymerization processes, in analogy to the work performed on molar mass distributions. 26674535 3 45 theme molar 729:733 arg1 masses 735:740 molar masses 729:740 molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol 729:774 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 8 46 theme distribution 1533:1544 arg1 Mw/Mn 1546:1550 molar mass distribution Mw/Mn 1522:1550 molar mass distribution Mw/Mn 1522:1550 Among four possible types of dispersity, the most precise values were obtained with the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn. 26674535 6 47 theme synthetic 1139:1147 arg1 polymers 1149:1156 synthetic polymers 1139:1156 synthetic polymers 1139:1156 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 3 48 theme free-solution 584:596 arg1 electrophoresis 608:622 free-solution capillary electrophoresis 584:622 free-solution capillary electrophoresis 584:622 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 9 49 theme homogeneous 1675:1685 arg1 polymer 1691:1697 the polymer 1687:1697 the more homogeneous the polymer 1666:1697 In addition, the dispersity value allows conclusions based on a single value: the closer the dispersity is to 1, the more homogeneous the polymer is in terms of composition or branching. 26674535 9 49 theme homogeneous 1675:1685 arg1 1 1663:1663 1 1663:1663 1 1663:1663 In addition, the dispersity value allows conclusions based on a single value: the closer the dispersity is to 1, the more homogeneous the polymer is in terms of composition or branching. 26674535 3 50 theme polyelectrolytes 566:581 arg1 case 558:561 the case 554:561 the case of polyelectrolytes 554:581 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 1 51 theme synthetic 195:203 arg1 polymers 217:224 synthetic and natural polymers 195:224 synthetic and natural polymers used in industrial and medical applications 195:268 The complexity of synthetic and natural polymers used in industrial and medical applications is expanding; thus, it becomes increasingly important to improve and develop methods for their molecular characterization. 26674535 10 52 theme polymers 1947:1954 arg1 characterization 1900:1915 the overall molecular characterization 1878:1915 the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers 1878:1954 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 10 53 theme molecular 1801:1809 arg1 attributes 1811:1820 important molecular attributes 1791:1820 important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass 1791:1854 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 5 54 theme mass 889:892 arg1 distributions 894:906 molar mass distributions 883:906 molar mass distributions 883:906 SEC is widely used to determine molar mass distributions and their dispersities. 26674535 0 55 theme Electrophoretic 130:144 arg1 Mobilities 146:155 Electrophoretic Mobilities 130:155 Electrophoretic Mobilities 130:155 Quantifying the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers through the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions. 26674535 11 56 theme CE 2049:2050 arg1 instrument 2052:2061 the CE instrument 2045:2061 the CE instrument 2045:2061 The dispersity can also be monitored online while performing a chemical reaction within the CE instrument. 26674535 1 57 theme natural 209:215 arg1 polymers 217:224 synthetic and natural polymers 195:224 synthetic and natural polymers used in industrial and medical applications 195:268 The complexity of synthetic and natural polymers used in industrial and medical applications is expanding; thus, it becomes increasingly important to improve and develop methods for their molecular characterization. 26674535 8 58 theme analogous 1489:1497 arg1 calculation 1477:1487 the calculation 1473:1487 the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn 1473:1550 Among four possible types of dispersity, the most precise values were obtained with the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn. 26674535 6 59 theme experimental 1186:1197 arg1 cases 1199:1203 experimental cases 1186:1203 experimental cases 1186:1203 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 3 60 theme conditions 644:653 arg1 CE-CC 657:661 CE-CC 657:661 CE-CC 657:661 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 3 60 theme conditions 644:653 arg1 " 654:654 the "critical conditions" 630:654 the "critical conditions" (CE-CC) 630:662 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 6 61 theme dispersity 977:986 arg1 calculation 962:972 an analogous calculation 949:972 an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities 949:1043 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 0 62 theme Compositions 163:174 arg1 Distributions 113:125 Their Distributions 107:125 Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions 107:174 Quantifying the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers through the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions. 26674535 8 63 theme mass 1528:1531 arg1 Mw/Mn 1546:1550 molar mass distribution Mw/Mn 1522:1550 molar mass distribution Mw/Mn 1522:1550 Among four possible types of dispersity, the most precise values were obtained with the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn. 26674535 10 64 theme molar 1845:1849 arg1 mass 1851:1854 molar mass 1845:1854 polymers other than molar mass 1825:1854 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 2 65 theme polymers 541:548 arg1 characterization 478:493 characterization 478:493 characterization 478:493 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 2 65 theme polymers 541:548 arg1 separation 463:472 separation 463:472 separation 463:472 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 8 66 theme Mw/Mn 1546:1550 arg1 dispersity 1508:1517 the dispersity 1504:1517 the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn 1504:1550 Among four possible types of dispersity, the most precise values were obtained with the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn. 26674535 2 67 theme complex 525:531 arg1 polymers 541:548 both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 498:548 both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 498:548 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 7 68 theme moments 1243:1249 arg1 ratio 1234:1238 a ratio 1232:1238 a ratio of moments 1232:1249 Calculations are based on a ratio of moments and could therefore be compared to simulations of polymerization processes, in analogy to the work performed on molar mass distributions. 26674535 6 69 theme electrophoretic 1018:1032 arg1 mobilities 1034:1043 electrophoretic mobilities 1018:1043 electrophoretic mobilities 1018:1043 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 0 70 theme Distributions 113:125 arg1 Dispersity 93:102 the Dispersity 89:102 the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions 89:174 Quantifying the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers through the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions. 26674535 7 71 theme mass 1369:1372 arg1 distributions 1374:1386 molar mass distributions 1363:1386 molar mass distributions 1363:1386 Calculations are based on a ratio of moments and could therefore be compared to simulations of polymerization processes, in analogy to the work performed on molar mass distributions. 26674535 6 72 theme different 1110:1118 arg1 polysaccharides 1120:1134 different polysaccharides 1110:1134 different polysaccharides 1110:1134 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 2 73 theme capillary 407:415 arg1 technique 445:453 a robust technique 436:453 a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 436:548 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 2 73 theme capillary 407:415 arg1 electrophoresis 417:431 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis 393:431 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis 393:431 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 9 74 theme single 1617:1622 arg1 value 1624:1628 a single value 1615:1628 a single value 1615:1628 In addition, the dispersity value allows conclusions based on a single value: the closer the dispersity is to 1, the more homogeneous the polymer is in terms of composition or branching. 26674535 6 75 theme branching 1097:1105 arg1 heterogeneity 1065:1077 the heterogeneity 1061:1077 the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers 1061:1156 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 8 76 theme dispersity 1418:1427 arg1 types 1409:1413 four possible types 1395:1413 four possible types of dispersity 1395:1427 Among four possible types of dispersity, the most precise values were obtained with the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn. 26674535 0 77 theme Structures 42:51 arg1 Heterogeneity 16:28 the Heterogeneity 12:28 the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers 12:79 Quantifying the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers through the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions. 26674535 6 78 theme composition 1082:1092 arg1 heterogeneity 1065:1077 the heterogeneity 1061:1077 the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers 1061:1156 Utilizing CE-CC, an analogous calculation of dispersity based on the distributions of electrophoretic mobilities was derived and the heterogeneity of composition or branching in different polysaccharides or synthetic polymers was obtained in a number of experimental cases. 26674535 2 79 theme robust 438:443 arg1 technique 445:453 a robust technique 436:453 a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers 436:548 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 2 79 theme robust 438:443 arg1 electrophoresis 417:431 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis 393:431 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis 393:431 Free-solution capillary electrophoresis is a robust technique for the separation and characterization of both natural and synthetic complex charged polymers. 26674535 0 80 theme Complex 56:62 arg1 Polymers 72:79 Complex Charged Polymers 56:79 Complex Charged Polymers 56:79 Quantifying the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers through the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions. 26674535 0 81 gly Heterogeneity 16:28 arg1 Structures 42:51 Chemical Structures 33:51 Chemical Structures 33:51 Quantifying the Heterogeneity of Chemical Structures in Complex Charged Polymers through the Dispersity of Their Distributions of Electrophoretic Mobilities or of Compositions. 26674535 3 82 theme other 703:707 arg1 factors 695:701 factors 695:701 factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol 695:774 In the case of polyelectrolytes, free-solution capillary electrophoresis is in the "critical conditions" (CE-CC): it allows their separation by factors other than molar mass for molar masses typically higher than 20000 g/mol. 26674535 8 83 theme precise 1439:1445 arg1 values 1447:1452 the most precise values 1430:1452 the most precise values 1430:1452 Among four possible types of dispersity, the most precise values were obtained with the calculation analogous with the dispersity of molar mass distribution Mw/Mn. 26674535 7 84 theme processes 1316:1324 arg1 simulations 1286:1296 simulations 1286:1296 simulations of polymerization processes 1286:1324 Calculations are based on a ratio of moments and could therefore be compared to simulations of polymerization processes, in analogy to the work performed on molar mass distributions. 26674535 10 85 theme molecular 1890:1898 arg1 characterization 1900:1915 the overall molecular characterization 1878:1915 the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers 1878:1954 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 26674535 7 86 dep work 1345:1348 arg1 analogy 1330:1336 analogy 1330:1336 analogy 1330:1336 Calculations are based on a ratio of moments and could therefore be compared to simulations of polymerization processes, in analogy to the work performed on molar mass distributions. 26674535 10 87 theme natural 1939:1945 arg1 polymers 1947:1954 both synthetic and natural polymers 1920:1954 both synthetic and natural polymers 1920:1954 This approach allows the analysis of dispersity of important molecular attributes of polymers other than molar mass and aims at improving the overall molecular characterization of both synthetic and natural polymers. 27237426 0 0 theme black 88:92 arg1 radish 94:99 black radish 88:99 black radish 88:99 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against Listeria monocytogenes on black radish. 27237426 1 1 theme Listeria 333:340 arg1 monocytogenes 342:354 Listeria monocytogenes 333:354 Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 333:397 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 1 theme Listeria 333:340 arg1 ATCC 388:391 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 371:397 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 371:397 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 1 theme Listeria 333:340 arg1 ATCC 356:359 ATCC 19115 356:365 ATCC 19115 356:365 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 3 2 theme higher 724:729 arg1 concentrations 731:744 higher concentrations 724:744 higher concentrations of chitosan 724:756 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 1 3 theme acetic 164:169 arg1 acid 181:184 acetic or lactic acid 164:184 acetic or lactic acid 164:184 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 4 theme essential 248:256 arg1 oils 258:261 essential oils 248:261 essential oils 248:261 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 6 5 theme 2.4log10CFU/g 978:990 arg1 reduction 965:973 A reduction 963:973 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 963:1072 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 0 6 from activity 14:21 arg1 radish 94:99 black radish 88:99 black radish 88:99 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against Listeria monocytogenes on black radish. 27237426 6 7 contain containing 1123:1132 arg2 oil 1158:1160 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1134:1160 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1134:1160 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 6 7 contain containing 1123:1132 arg1 film 1118:1121 1% chitosan film 1106:1121 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1106:1160 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 6 8 theme chitosan 1109:1116 arg1 film 1118:1121 1% chitosan film 1106:1121 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1106:1160 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 6 9 theme film 1118:1121 arg1 presence 1094:1101 the presence 1090:1101 the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1090:1160 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 3 10 theme pathogens 698:706 arg1 inhibition 684:693 a higher inhibition 675:693 a higher inhibition of pathogens 675:706 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 6 11 theme storage 1175:1181 arg1 24h 1168:1170 24h 1168:1170 24h of storage 1168:1181 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 3 12 theme films 569:573 arg1 formulations 544:555 All tested formulations 533:555 All tested formulations of chitosan films 533:573 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 1 13 from 4°C 431:433 arg1 storage 420:426 storage 420:426 storage at 4°C 420:433 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 13 from 4°C 431:433 arg1 days 412:415 seven days 406:415 seven days of storage at 4°C 406:433 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 3 14 from growth 622:627 arg1 radish 658:663 black radish 652:663 black radish 652:663 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 6 15 theme % 1137:1137 arg1 oil 1158:1160 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1134:1160 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1134:1160 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 2 16 theme antibacterial 509:521 arg1 activity 523:530 the most effective antibacterial activity 490:530 the most effective antibacterial activity 490:530 The chitosan coating prepared with acetic acid showed the most effective antibacterial activity. 27237426 6 17 theme essential 1148:1156 arg1 oil 1158:1160 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1134:1160 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1134:1160 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 4 18 theme oils 858:861 arg1 addition 836:843 the addition 832:843 the addition of essential oils 832:861 The antimicrobial effect of chitosan films was even more pronounced with the addition of essential oils. 27237426 6 19 theme % 1107:1107 arg1 film 1118:1121 1% chitosan film 1106:1121 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1106:1160 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 4 20 theme films 796:800 arg1 pronounced 816:825 pronounced 816:825 pronounced 816:825 The antimicrobial effect of chitosan films was even more pronounced with the addition of essential oils. 27237426 4 20 theme films 796:800 arg1 effect 777:782 The antimicrobial effect 759:782 The antimicrobial effect of chitosan films 759:800 The antimicrobial effect of chitosan films was even more pronounced with the addition of essential oils. 27237426 1 21 theme lactic 174:179 arg1 acid 181:184 acetic or lactic acid 164:184 acetic or lactic acid 164:184 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 2 22 theme effective 499:507 arg1 activity 523:530 the most effective antibacterial activity 490:530 the most effective antibacterial activity 490:530 The chitosan coating prepared with acetic acid showed the most effective antibacterial activity. 27237426 1 23 theme L. 371:372 arg1 monocytogenes 342:354 Listeria monocytogenes 333:354 Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 333:397 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 23 theme L. 371:372 arg1 ATCC 388:391 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 371:397 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 371:397 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 4 24 theme essential 848:856 arg1 oils 858:861 essential oils 848:861 essential oils 848:861 The antimicrobial effect of chitosan films was even more pronounced with the addition of essential oils. 27237426 3 25 theme tested 537:542 arg1 formulations 544:555 All tested formulations 533:555 All tested formulations of chitosan films 533:573 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 6 26 theme 1 1106:1106 arg1 % 1107:1107 % 1107:1107 % 1107:1107 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 2 27 theme chitosan 440:447 arg1 coating 449:455 The chitosan coating 436:455 The chitosan coating prepared with acetic acid 436:481 The chitosan coating prepared with acetic acid showed the most effective antibacterial activity. 27237426 1 28 theme monocytogenes 374:386 arg1 monocytogenes 342:354 Listeria monocytogenes 333:354 Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 333:397 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 28 theme monocytogenes 374:386 arg1 ATCC 388:391 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 371:397 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 371:397 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 5 29 theme thyme 892:896 arg1 oils 908:911 thyme essential oils 892:911 thyme essential oils 892:911 Chitosan-gelatin films with thyme essential oils showed the most effective antimicrobial activity. 27237426 0 30 theme Antimicrobial 0:12 arg1 activity 14:21 Antimicrobial activity 0:21 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against Listeria monocytogenes on black radish. 0:100 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against Listeria monocytogenes on black radish. 27237426 1 31 dep monocytogenes 342:354 arg1 monocytogenes 342:354 Listeria monocytogenes 333:354 Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 333:397 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 31 dep monocytogenes 342:354 arg1 ATCC 388:391 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 371:397 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 371:397 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 31 dep monocytogenes 342:354 arg1 ATCC 356:359 ATCC 19115 356:365 ATCC 19115 356:365 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 3 32 theme strong 585:590 arg1 activity 606:613 strong antimicrobial activity 585:613 strong antimicrobial activity 585:613 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 5 33 theme essential 898:906 arg1 oils 908:911 thyme essential oils 892:911 thyme essential oils 892:911 Chitosan-gelatin films with thyme essential oils showed the most effective antimicrobial activity. 27237426 0 34 theme chitosan 26:33 arg1 coatings 35:42 chitosan coatings 26:42 chitosan coatings 26:42 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against Listeria monocytogenes on black radish. 27237426 6 35 theme monocytogenes 999:1011 arg1 ATCC 1013:1016 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 996:1022 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 996:1022 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 6 36 theme L. 996:997 arg1 ATCC 1013:1016 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 996:1022 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 996:1022 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 3 37 theme chitosan 560:567 arg1 films 569:573 chitosan films 560:573 chitosan films 560:573 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 1 38 theme fresh 281:285 arg1 samples 309:315 fresh shredded black radish samples 281:315 fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C 281:433 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 39 theme antibacterial 106:118 arg1 activity 120:127 The antibacterial activity 102:127 The antibacterial activity 102:127 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 2 40 theme acetic 471:476 arg1 acid 478:481 acetic acid 471:481 acetic acid 471:481 The chitosan coating prepared with acetic acid showed the most effective antibacterial activity. 27237426 1 41 theme shredded 287:294 arg1 samples 309:315 fresh shredded black radish samples 281:315 fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C 281:433 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 6 42 theme thyme 1142:1146 arg1 thyme 1142:1146 thyme 1142:1146 thyme 1142:1146 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 6 42 theme thyme 1142:1146 arg1 % 1137:1137 0.2% 1134:1137 0.2% of thyme essential oil 1134:1160 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 0 43 theme coatings 35:42 arg1 activity 14:21 Antimicrobial activity 0:21 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against Listeria monocytogenes on black radish. 0:100 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against Listeria monocytogenes on black radish. 27237426 1 44 theme black 296:300 arg1 samples 309:315 fresh shredded black radish samples 281:315 fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C 281:433 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 45 theme composite 201:209 arg1 films 228:232 composite chitosan-gelatin films 201:232 composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils 201:261 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 1 46 theme radish 302:307 arg1 samples 309:315 fresh shredded black radish samples 281:315 fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C 281:433 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 3 47 theme black 652:656 arg1 radish 658:663 black radish 652:663 black radish 652:663 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 3 48 theme antimicrobial 592:604 arg1 activity 606:613 strong antimicrobial activity 585:613 strong antimicrobial activity 585:613 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 6 49 dep ATCC 1013:1016 arg1 ATCC 1063:1066 ATCC 19112 1063:1072 ATCC 19112 1063:1072 A reduction of 2.4log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and 2.1log10CFU/g for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was achieved in the presence of 1% chitosan film containing 0.2% of thyme essential oil after 24h of storage. 27237426 5 50 theme effective 929:937 arg1 activity 953:960 the most effective antimicrobial activity 920:960 the most effective antimicrobial activity 920:960 Chitosan-gelatin films with thyme essential oils showed the most effective antimicrobial activity. 27237426 0 51 theme films 48:52 arg1 activity 14:21 Antimicrobial activity 0:21 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against Listeria monocytogenes on black radish. 0:100 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against Listeria monocytogenes on black radish. 27237426 3 52 theme higher 677:682 arg1 inhibition 684:693 a higher inhibition 675:693 a higher inhibition of pathogens 675:706 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 5 53 theme antimicrobial 939:951 arg1 activity 953:960 the most effective antimicrobial activity 920:960 the most effective antimicrobial activity 920:960 Chitosan-gelatin films with thyme essential oils showed the most effective antimicrobial activity. 27237426 1 54 from days 412:415 arg1 4°C 431:433 4°C 431:433 4°C 431:433 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 5 55 with films 881:885 arg1 oils 908:911 thyme essential oils 892:911 thyme essential oils 892:911 Chitosan-gelatin films with thyme essential oils showed the most effective antimicrobial activity. 27237426 1 56 theme chitosan 132:139 arg1 coatings 141:148 chitosan coatings 132:148 chitosan coatings 132:148 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 4 57 theme antimicrobial 763:775 arg1 pronounced 816:825 pronounced 816:825 pronounced 816:825 The antimicrobial effect of chitosan films was even more pronounced with the addition of essential oils. 27237426 4 57 theme antimicrobial 763:775 arg1 effect 777:782 The antimicrobial effect 759:782 The antimicrobial effect of chitosan films 759:800 The antimicrobial effect of chitosan films was even more pronounced with the addition of essential oils. 27237426 1 58 theme chitosan-gelatin 211:226 arg1 films 228:232 composite chitosan-gelatin films 201:232 composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils 201:261 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 4 59 theme chitosan 787:794 arg1 films 796:800 chitosan films 787:800 chitosan films 787:800 The antimicrobial effect of chitosan films was even more pronounced with the addition of essential oils. 27237426 1 60 theme storage 420:426 arg1 days 412:415 seven days 406:415 seven days of storage at 4°C 406:433 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 3 61 theme monocytogenes 635:647 arg1 growth 622:627 the growth 618:627 the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish 618:663 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 1 62 theme coatings 141:148 arg1 activity 120:127 The antibacterial activity 102:127 The antibacterial activity 102:127 The antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°C. 27237426 3 63 theme chitosan 749:756 arg1 concentrations 731:744 higher concentrations 724:744 higher concentrations of chitosan 724:756 All tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on the growth of L. monocytogenes on black radish, although a higher inhibition of pathogens was achieved at higher concentrations of chitosan. 27237426 5 64 theme Chitosan-gelatin 864:879 arg1 films 881:885 Chitosan-gelatin films 864:885 Chitosan-gelatin films with thyme essential oils 864:911 Chitosan-gelatin films with thyme essential oils showed the most effective antimicrobial activity. 27237426 0 65 theme Listeria 62:69 arg1 monocytogenes 71:83 Listeria monocytogenes 62:83 Listeria monocytogenes 62:83 Antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against Listeria monocytogenes on black radish. 27237426 4 66 with pronounced 816:825 arg1 addition 836:843 the addition 832:843 the addition of essential oils 832:861 The antimicrobial effect of chitosan films was even more pronounced with the addition of essential oils. 29508978 2 0 theme Immobilized 384:394 arg1 chromatography 415:428 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 384:428 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins 384:444 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. 29508978 9 1 theme proteins 1470:1477 arg1 copurification 1446:1459 the copurification 1442:1459 the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1442:1574 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 12 2 theme cell 2027:2030 arg1 proteome 2032:2039 the host cell proteome 2018:2039 the host cell proteome 2018:2039 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 6 3 theme catalase 973:980 arg1 HPII 982:985 catalase HPII 973:985 catalase HPII 973:985 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 3 theme catalase 973:980 arg1 prolyl-cis-trans 887:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans 878:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 878:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 8 4 from sorbent 1286:1292 arg1 leakage 1269:1275 leakage 1269:1275 leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1269:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 7 5 with complexes 1216:1224 arg1 proteins 1242:1249 the target proteins 1231:1249 the target proteins 1231:1249 GroL/GroS chaperonins were probably copurified due to the formation of complexes with the target proteins. 29508978 4 6 theme Elongation 698:707 arg1 contaminant 682:692 The most common contaminant 666:692 The most common contaminant 666:692 The most common contaminant was Elongation factor Tu2. 29508978 4 6 theme Elongation 698:707 arg1 Tu2 716:718 Elongation factor Tu2 698:718 Elongation factor Tu2 698:718 The most common contaminant was Elongation factor Tu2. 29508978 9 7 theme basic 1464:1468 arg1 proteins 1470:1477 basic proteins 1464:1477 basic proteins 1464:1477 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 9 7 theme basic 1464:1468 arg1 proteins 1502:1509 the ribosomal proteins 1488:1509 the ribosomal proteins of E. coli 1488:1520 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 9 7 theme basic 1464:1468 arg1 YqjD 1571:1574 the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1526:1574 the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1526:1574 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 0 8 theme [Proteomic 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 [Proteomic analysis 0:18 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins 0:71 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins expressed in E. coli and isolated by metal affinity chromatography]. 29508978 12 9 from preparation 1865:1875 arg1 nature 1825:1830 the nature 1821:1830 the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1821:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 6 10 theme glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate 920:949 arg1 aminotransferase 951:966 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 920:966 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 920:966 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 10 theme glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate 920:949 arg1 prolyl-cis-trans 887:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans 878:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 878:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 5 11 with interaction 848:858 arg1 sorbent 869:875 the sorbent 865:875 the sorbent 865:875 It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. 29508978 10 12 theme related 1655:1661 arg1 composition 1643:1653 the contaminant composition 1627:1653 the contaminant composition related to the type of protein expressed 1627:1694 The results of the analysis revealed variation in the contaminant composition related to the type of protein expressed. 29508978 1 13 theme proteomic 199:207 arg1 analysis 209:216 “shotgun” proteomic analysis 189:216 “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 189:381 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 6 14 theme RxR 1026:1028 arg1 fragments 1030:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments 1002:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 1002:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 12 15 from information 2003:2013 arg1 proteome 2032:2039 the host cell proteome 2018:2039 the host cell proteome 2018:2039 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 8 16 theme carboxyl 1327:1334 arg1 reason 1355:1360 the reason 1351:1360 the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1351:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 8 16 theme carboxyl 1327:1334 arg1 groups 1336:1341 free carboxyl groups 1322:1341 free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1322:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 10 17 theme contaminant 1631:1641 arg1 composition 1643:1653 the contaminant composition 1627:1653 the contaminant composition related to the type of protein expressed 1627:1694 The results of the analysis revealed variation in the contaminant composition related to the type of protein expressed. 29508978 0 18 theme affinity 116:123 arg1 chromatography 125:138 metal affinity chromatography 110:138 metal affinity chromatography 110:138 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins expressed in E. coli and isolated by metal affinity chromatography]. 29508978 2 19 theme 5'-ADP-sepharose 572:587 arg1 4B 589:590 5'-ADP-sepharose 4B 572:590 5'-ADP-sepharose 4B 572:590 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. 29508978 5 20 theme dipole 752:757 arg1 moment 759:764 a large dipole moment 744:764 a large dipole moment 744:764 It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. 29508978 1 21 theme recombinant 224:234 arg1 preparations 236:247 14 recombinant preparations 221:247 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- 221:271 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 1 22 from analysis 209:216 arg1 preparations 236:247 14 recombinant preparations 221:247 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- 221:271 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 1 22 from analysis 209:216 arg1 flavoproteins 277:289 flavoproteins 277:289 flavoproteins 277:289 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 6 23 theme repeating 1002:1010 arg1 fragments 1030:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments 1002:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 1002:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 2 24 from chromatography 551:564 arg1 4B 589:590 5'-ADP-sepharose 4B 572:590 5'-ADP-sepharose 4B 572:590 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. 29508978 9 25 theme uncharacterized 1547:1561 arg1 YqjD 1571:1574 the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1526:1574 the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1526:1574 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 9 26 theme occurring 1537:1545 arg1 YqjD 1571:1574 the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1526:1574 the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1526:1574 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 2 27 theme affinity 542:549 arg1 chromatography 551:564 ligand affinity chromatography 535:564 ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B 535:590 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. 29508978 6 28 with interaction 1060:1070 arg1 sorbent 1081:1087 the sorbent 1077:1087 the sorbent 1077:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 8 29 theme exchanger 1372:1380 arg1 properties 1382:1391 cation exchanger properties 1365:1391 cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1365:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 1 30 theme ion 355:357 arg1 chromatography 368:381 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 337:381 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 337:381 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 12 31 from chromatography 1945:1958 arg1 sorbent 1973:1979 a certain sorbent 1963:1979 a certain sorbent 1963:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 5 32 theme amino 802:806 arg1 residues 813:820 acidic amino acid residues 795:820 acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent 795:875 It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. 29508978 6 33 theme specific 1051:1058 arg1 interaction 1060:1070 specific interaction 1051:1070 specific interaction with the sorbent 1051:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 8 34 theme sorbent 1400:1406 arg1 properties 1382:1391 cation exchanger properties 1365:1391 cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1365:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 11 35 theme protein 1794:1800 arg1 expression 1770:1779 the expression 1766:1779 the expression of a foreign protein 1766:1800 This is probably related to the reaction of E. coli cell proteome to the expression of a foreign protein. 29508978 6 36 theme capable 1040:1046 arg1 fragments 1030:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments 1002:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 1002:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 2 37 theme proteins 437:444 arg1 chromatography 415:428 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 384:428 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins 384:444 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. 29508978 5 38 theme cluster 772:778 arg1 arrangement 780:790 a cluster arrangement 770:790 a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent 770:875 It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. 29508978 5 39 theme acid 808:811 arg1 residues 813:820 acidic amino acid residues 795:820 acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent 795:875 It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. 29508978 5 40 theme specific 839:846 arg1 interaction 848:858 the specific interaction 835:858 the specific interaction with the sorbent 835:875 It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. 29508978 12 41 theme ion 1932:1934 arg1 chromatography 1945:1958 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1914:1958 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1914:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 7 42 theme target 1235:1240 arg1 proteins 1242:1249 the target proteins 1231:1249 the target proteins 1231:1249 GroL/GroS chaperonins were probably copurified due to the formation of complexes with the target proteins. 29508978 12 43 theme recombinant 1882:1892 arg1 protein 1894:1900 a recombinant protein 1880:1900 a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1880:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 1 44 theme Contaminating 142:154 arg1 proteins 156:163 Contaminating proteins 142:163 Contaminating proteins 142:163 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 11 45 theme coli 1744:1747 arg1 proteome 1754:1761 E. coli cell proteome 1741:1761 E. coli cell proteome 1741:1761 This is probably related to the reaction of E. coli cell proteome to the expression of a foreign protein. 29508978 5 46 theme residues 813:820 arg1 moment 759:764 a large dipole moment 744:764 a large dipole moment 744:764 It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. 29508978 5 46 theme residues 813:820 arg1 arrangement 780:790 a cluster arrangement 770:790 a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent 770:875 It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. 29508978 6 47 theme isomerase 904:912 arg1 SlyD 914:917 isomerase SlyD 904:917 isomerase SlyD 904:917 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 47 theme isomerase 904:912 arg1 prolyl-cis-trans 887:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans 878:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 878:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 12 48 theme protein 1839:1845 arg1 contaminants 1847:1858 the protein contaminants 1835:1858 the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1835:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 6 49 dep prolyl-cis-trans 887:902 arg1 HPII 982:985 catalase HPII 973:985 catalase HPII 973:985 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 49 dep prolyl-cis-trans 887:902 arg1 SlyD 914:917 isomerase SlyD 904:917 isomerase SlyD 904:917 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 49 dep prolyl-cis-trans 887:902 arg1 aminotransferase 951:966 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 920:966 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 920:966 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 49 dep prolyl-cis-trans 887:902 arg1 prolyl-cis-trans 887:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans 878:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 878:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 0 50 theme membrane 51:58 arg1 hemeproteins 60:71 recombinant membrane hemeproteins 39:71 recombinant membrane hemeproteins 39:71 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins expressed in E. coli and isolated by metal affinity chromatography]. 29508978 9 51 theme putative 1422:1429 arg1 This 1409:1412 This 1409:1412 This 1409:1412 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 9 51 theme putative 1422:1429 arg1 reason 1431:1436 the putative reason 1418:1436 the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1418:1574 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 10 52 from variation 1614:1622 arg1 composition 1643:1653 the contaminant composition 1627:1653 the contaminant composition related to the type of protein expressed 1627:1694 The results of the analysis revealed variation in the contaminant composition related to the type of protein expressed. 29508978 12 53 from contaminants 1847:1858 arg1 preparation 1865:1875 a preparation 1863:1875 a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1863:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 10 54 theme analysis 1596:1603 arg1 results 1581:1587 The results 1577:1587 The results of the analysis 1577:1603 The results of the analysis revealed variation in the contaminant composition related to the type of protein expressed. 29508978 11 55 theme proteome 1754:1761 arg1 reaction 1729:1736 the reaction 1725:1736 the reaction of E. coli cell proteome to the expression of a foreign protein 1725:1800 This is probably related to the reaction of E. coli cell proteome to the expression of a foreign protein. 29508978 2 56 theme affinity 406:413 arg1 chromatography 415:428 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 384:428 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins 384:444 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. 29508978 1 57 theme human 252:256 arg1 heme- 267:271 human membrane heme- 252:271 human membrane heme- 252:271 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 12 58 from nature 1825:1830 arg1 preparation 1865:1875 a preparation 1863:1875 a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1863:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 2 59 theme metal 396:400 arg1 chromatography 415:428 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 384:428 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins 384:444 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. 29508978 1 60 theme heme- 267:271 arg1 preparations 236:247 14 recombinant preparations 221:247 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- 221:271 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 1 60 theme heme- 267:271 arg1 flavoproteins 277:289 flavoproteins 277:289 flavoproteins 277:289 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 12 61 theme host 2022:2025 arg1 proteome 2032:2039 the host cell proteome 2018:2039 the host cell proteome 2018:2039 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 1 62 theme “shotgun” 189:197 arg1 analysis 209:216 “shotgun” proteomic analysis 189:216 “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 189:381 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 1 63 theme immobilized 337:347 arg1 chromatography 368:381 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 337:381 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 337:381 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 7 64 theme GroL/GroS 1145:1153 arg1 chaperonins 1155:1165 GroL/GroS chaperonins 1145:1165 GroL/GroS chaperonins 1145:1165 GroL/GroS chaperonins were probably copurified due to the formation of complexes with the target proteins. 29508978 9 65 theme ribosomal 1492:1500 arg1 proteins 1502:1509 the ribosomal proteins 1488:1509 the ribosomal proteins of E. coli 1488:1520 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 6 66 theme Peptidyl 878:885 arg1 HPII 982:985 catalase HPII 973:985 catalase HPII 973:985 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 66 theme Peptidyl 878:885 arg1 SlyD 914:917 isomerase SlyD 904:917 isomerase SlyD 904:917 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 66 theme Peptidyl 878:885 arg1 aminotransferase 951:966 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 920:966 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 920:966 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 66 theme Peptidyl 878:885 arg1 prolyl-cis-trans 887:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans 878:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 878:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 67 contain contained 992:1000 arg2 fragments 1030:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments 1002:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 1002:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 67 contain contained 992:1000 arg1 HPII 982:985 catalase HPII 973:985 catalase HPII 973:985 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 67 contain contained 992:1000 arg1 SlyD 914:917 isomerase SlyD 904:917 isomerase SlyD 904:917 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 67 contain contained 992:1000 arg1 aminotransferase 951:966 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 920:966 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 920:966 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 6 67 contain contained 992:1000 arg1 prolyl-cis-trans 887:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans 878:902 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 878:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 3 68 theme Proteomic 593:601 arg1 analysis 603:610 Proteomic analysis 593:610 Proteomic analysis 593:610 Proteomic analysis allowed to detect 50 protein impurities from E. coli. 29508978 8 69 theme free 1322:1325 arg1 reason 1355:1360 the reason 1351:1360 the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1351:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 8 69 theme free 1322:1325 arg1 groups 1336:1341 free carboxyl groups 1322:1341 free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1322:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 10 70 theme protein 1678:1684 arg1 type 1670:1673 the type 1666:1673 the type of protein expressed 1666:1694 The results of the analysis revealed variation in the contaminant composition related to the type of protein expressed. 29508978 5 71 theme large 746:750 arg1 moment 759:764 a large dipole moment 744:764 a large dipole moment 744:764 It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. 29508978 3 72 theme protein 633:639 arg1 impurities 641:650 50 protein impurities 630:650 50 protein impurities 630:650 Proteomic analysis allowed to detect 50 protein impurities from E. coli. 29508978 4 73 theme factor 709:714 arg1 contaminant 682:692 The most common contaminant 666:692 The most common contaminant 666:692 The most common contaminant was Elongation factor Tu2. 29508978 4 73 theme factor 709:714 arg1 Tu2 716:718 Elongation factor Tu2 698:718 Elongation factor Tu2 698:718 The most common contaminant was Elongation factor Tu2. 29508978 9 74 theme coli 1517:1520 arg1 YqjD 1571:1574 the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1526:1574 the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1526:1574 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 9 74 theme coli 1517:1520 arg1 proteins 1502:1509 the ribosomal proteins 1488:1509 the ribosomal proteins of E. coli 1488:1520 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 6 75 theme QxQ 1017:1019 arg1 fragments 1030:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments 1002:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 1002:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 1 76 dep preparations 236:247 arg1 purified 325:332 purified 325:332 purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 325:381 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 1 76 dep preparations 236:247 arg1 expressed 291:299 expressed 291:299 expressed in Escherichia coli 291:319 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 8 77 theme groups 1336:1341 arg1 formation 1309:1317 formation 1309:1317 formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1309:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 6 78 theme HxH 1012:1014 arg1 fragments 1030:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments 1002:1038 repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent 1002:1087 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 0 79 theme recombinant 39:49 arg1 hemeproteins 60:71 recombinant membrane hemeproteins 39:71 recombinant membrane hemeproteins 39:71 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins expressed in E. coli and isolated by metal affinity chromatography]. 29508978 11 80 theme foreign 1786:1792 arg1 protein 1794:1800 a foreign protein 1784:1800 a foreign protein 1784:1800 This is probably related to the reaction of E. coli cell proteome to the expression of a foreign protein. 29508978 9 81 theme protein 1563:1569 arg1 YqjD 1571:1574 the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1526:1574 the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD 1526:1574 This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. 29508978 2 82 theme ligand 535:540 arg1 chromatography 551:564 ligand affinity chromatography 535:564 ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B 535:590 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. 29508978 0 83 from contaminants 23:34 arg1 hemeproteins 60:71 recombinant membrane hemeproteins 39:71 recombinant membrane hemeproteins 39:71 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins expressed in E. coli and isolated by metal affinity chromatography]. 29508978 8 84 theme cation 1365:1370 arg1 properties 1382:1391 cation exchanger properties 1365:1391 cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1365:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 5 85 theme acidic 795:800 arg1 residues 813:820 acidic amino acid residues 795:820 acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent 795:875 It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. 29508978 1 86 theme affinity 359:366 arg1 chromatography 368:381 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 337:381 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 337:381 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 6 87 theme interaction 1060:1070 arg1 capable 1040:1046 capable 1040:1046 capable 1040:1046 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 0 88 from analysis 11:18 arg1 hemeproteins 60:71 recombinant membrane hemeproteins 39:71 recombinant membrane hemeproteins 39:71 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins expressed in E. coli and isolated by metal affinity chromatography]. 29508978 8 89 theme properties 1382:1391 arg1 reason 1355:1360 the reason 1351:1360 the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1351:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 8 89 theme properties 1382:1391 arg1 groups 1336:1341 free carboxyl groups 1322:1341 free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent 1322:1406 The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. 29508978 12 90 theme certain 1965:1971 arg1 sorbent 1973:1979 a certain sorbent 1963:1979 a certain sorbent 1963:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 0 91 from hemeproteins 60:71 arg1 analysis 11:18 [Proteomic analysis 0:18 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins 0:71 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins expressed in E. coli and isolated by metal affinity chromatography]. 29508978 0 92 theme metal 110:114 arg1 chromatography 125:138 metal affinity chromatography 110:138 metal affinity chromatography 110:138 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins expressed in E. coli and isolated by metal affinity chromatography]. 29508978 12 93 theme metal 1926:1930 arg1 chromatography 1945:1958 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1914:1958 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1914:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 12 94 theme affinity 1936:1943 arg1 chromatography 1945:1958 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1914:1958 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1914:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 0 95 theme contaminants 23:34 arg1 analysis 11:18 [Proteomic analysis 0:18 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins 0:71 [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins expressed in E. coli and isolated by metal affinity chromatography]. 29508978 12 96 theme protein 1894:1900 arg1 preparation 1865:1875 a preparation 1863:1875 a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1863:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 6 97 theme protein 1115:1121 arg1 contaminants 1123:1134 the protein contaminants 1111:1134 the protein contaminants as well 1111:1142 Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. 29508978 11 98 theme E. 1741:1742 arg1 proteome 1754:1761 E. coli cell proteome 1741:1761 E. coli cell proteome 1741:1761 This is probably related to the reaction of E. coli cell proteome to the expression of a foreign protein. 29508978 7 99 theme complexes 1216:1224 arg1 formation 1203:1211 the formation 1199:1211 the formation of complexes with the target proteins 1199:1249 GroL/GroS chaperonins were probably copurified due to the formation of complexes with the target proteins. 29508978 2 100 theme remaining 494:502 arg1 proteins 509:516 the remaining four proteins 490:516 the remaining four proteins 490:516 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. 29508978 12 101 theme immobilized 1914:1924 arg1 chromatography 1945:1958 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 1914:1958 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1914:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 1 102 theme metal 349:353 arg1 chromatography 368:381 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 337:381 immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 337:381 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29508978 12 103 theme contaminants 1847:1858 arg1 nature 1825:1830 the nature 1821:1830 the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent 1821:1979 We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available. 29508978 11 104 theme cell 1749:1752 arg1 proteome 1754:1761 E. coli cell proteome 1741:1761 E. coli cell proteome 1741:1761 This is probably related to the reaction of E. coli cell proteome to the expression of a foreign protein. 29508978 4 105 theme common 675:680 arg1 contaminant 682:692 The most common contaminant 666:692 The most common contaminant 666:692 The most common contaminant was Elongation factor Tu2. 29508978 4 105 theme common 675:680 arg1 Tu2 716:718 Elongation factor Tu2 698:718 Elongation factor Tu2 698:718 The most common contaminant was Elongation factor Tu2. 29508978 2 106 theme ion 402:404 arg1 chromatography 415:428 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography 384:428 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins 384:444 Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. 29508978 1 107 theme membrane 258:265 arg1 heme- 267:271 human membrane heme- 252:271 human membrane heme- 252:271 Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. 29016189 4 0 theme FG 443:444 arg1 SG 448:449 FG × SG 443:449 FG × SG 443:449 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 4 0 theme FG 443:444 arg1 crosses 434:440 FS crosses 431:440 FS crosses (FG × SG) 431:450 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 0 1 theme crosses 137:143 arg1 types 99:103 two genetic types 87:103 two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses 87:143 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 9 2 theme turkeys 1073:1079 arg1 lines 1064:1068 the 4 lines 1058:1068 the 4 lines 1058:1068 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 6 3 theme males 596:600 arg1 slaughter 580:588 slaughter 580:588 slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line 580:635 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 13 4 theme cooking 1685:1691 arg1 loss 1693:1696 lower cooking loss 1679:1696 lower cooking loss 1679:1696 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 13 5 theme crosses 1771:1777 arg1 muscles 1757:1763 the thigh muscles 1747:1763 the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system 1747:1809 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 10 6 from muscles 1312:1318 arg1 turkeys 1261:1267 turkeys 1261:1267 turkeys 1261:1267 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 10 6 from muscles 1312:1318 arg1 results 1280:1286 better results 1273:1286 better results 1273:1286 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 13 7 theme better 1823:1828 arg1 quality 1830:1836 a better quality 1821:1836 a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys 1821:1902 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 0 8 theme semi-confined 159:171 arg1 conditions 173:182 semi-confined conditions 159:182 semi-confined conditions 159:182 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 10 9 theme SF 1341:1342 arg1 turkeys 1344:1350 SG and SF turkeys 1334:1350 turkeys 1344:1350 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 4 10 from 21 weeks 493:500 arg1 case 516:519 the case 512:519 the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens 512:568 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 9 11 theme highest 1091:1097 arg1 rate 1109:1112 the highest metabolic rate 1087:1112 the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys 1087:1149 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 12 from temperature 1007:1017 arg1 muscles 1035:1041 muscles 1035:1041 muscles 1035:1041 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 12 from temperature 1007:1017 arg1 rate 976:979 The rate 972:979 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles 972:1041 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 4 13 theme age 505:507 arg1 21 weeks 493:500 21 weeks 493:500 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens 493:568 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 6 14 from line 632:635 arg1 slaughter 580:588 slaughter 580:588 slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line 580:635 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 14 from line 632:635 arg1 males 596:600 15 males 593:600 15 males 593:600 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 14 from line 632:635 arg1 hens 609:612 15 hens 606:612 15 hens 606:612 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 9 15 from changes 996:1002 arg1 L 1023:1023 L 1023:1023 L 1023:1023 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 15 from changes 996:1002 arg1 G 1020:1020 G 1020:1020 G 1020:1020 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 15 from changes 996:1002 arg1 temperature 1007:1017 temperature 1007:1017 temperature 1007:1017 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 15 from changes 996:1002 arg1 pH 1029:1030 pH 1029:1030 pH 1029:1030 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 6 16 theme 2-h 732:734 arg1 post-mortem 745:755 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem 717:755 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem 717:755 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 11 17 theme birds 1594:1598 arg1 muscles 1580:1586 the muscles 1576:1586 the muscles of SG birds 1576:1598 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 10 18 theme beneficial 1203:1212 arg1 capacity 1235:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity 1196:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles 1196:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 11 19 theme crosses 1378:1384 arg1 muscles 1363:1369 The thigh muscles 1353:1369 The thigh muscles of the crosses 1353:1384 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 13 20 theme range 1798:1802 arg1 system 1804:1809 the free range system 1789:1809 the free range system 1789:1809 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 6 21 theme 45-min 724:729 arg1 post-mortem 745:755 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem 717:755 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem 717:755 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 13 22 theme water 1655:1659 arg1 capacity 1669:1676 better water holding capacity 1648:1676 better water holding capacity 1648:1676 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 6 23 theme 5-min 717:721 arg1 post-mortem 745:755 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem 717:755 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem 717:755 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 4 24 theme fast-growing 371:382 arg1 lines 389:393 fast-growing (FG) lines 371:393 fast-growing (FG) lines 371:393 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 0 25 theme turkeys 108:114 arg1 types 99:103 two genetic types 87:103 two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses 87:143 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 9 26 theme turkeys 1143:1149 arg1 muscles 1129:1135 muscles 1129:1135 muscles of SG turkeys 1129:1149 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 13 27 theme post-mortem 1624:1634 arg1 metabolism 1636:1645 the faster post-mortem metabolism 1613:1645 the faster post-mortem metabolism 1613:1645 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 0 28 theme tibialis 39:46 arg1 muscle 49:54 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle 10:54 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle 10:54 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 11 29 theme males 1525:1529 arg1 case 1513:1516 the case 1509:1516 the case of the males 1509:1529 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 9 30 theme SF 1175:1176 arg1 muscles 1164:1170 muscles 1164:1170 muscles of SF, FS and FG birds 1164:1193 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 4 31 theme SF 406:407 arg1 crosses 409:415 SF crosses 406:415 SF crosses 406:415 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 4 32 theme hens 565:568 arg1 case 557:560 the case 553:560 the case of hens 553:568 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 11 33 theme thigh 1357:1361 arg1 muscles 1363:1369 The thigh muscles 1353:1369 The thigh muscles of the crosses 1353:1384 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 7 34 theme holding 922:928 arg1 capacity 930:937 water holding capacity 916:937 water holding capacity 916:937 Quality attributes were evaluated based on chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking loss (%) and colour. 29016189 9 35 theme changes 996:1002 arg1 rate 976:979 The rate 972:979 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles 972:1041 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 36 theme FS 1179:1180 arg1 muscles 1164:1170 muscles 1164:1170 muscles of SF, FS and FG birds 1164:1193 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 6 37 theme 24-h 740:743 arg1 post-mortem 745:755 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem 717:755 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem 717:755 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 4 38 theme FG 385:386 arg1 lines 389:393 fast-growing (FG) lines 371:393 fast-growing (FG) lines 371:393 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 10 39 theme better 1273:1278 arg1 results 1280:1286 better results 1273:1286 better results 1273:1286 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 4 40 from case 557:560 arg1 case 516:519 the case 512:519 the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens 512:568 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 9 41 theme FG 1186:1187 arg1 birds 1189:1193 FG birds 1186:1193 FG birds 1186:1193 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 4 42 theme lines 389:393 arg1 turkeys 345:351 1358 turkeys 340:351 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) 340:450 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 10 43 theme turkeys 1261:1267 arg1 sexes 1252:1256 both sexes 1247:1256 both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles 1247:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 7 44 theme chemical 894:901 arg1 composition 903:913 chemical composition 894:913 chemical composition 894:913 Quality attributes were evaluated based on chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking loss (%) and colour. 29016189 13 45 theme FS 1893:1894 arg1 turkeys 1896:1902 FS turkeys 1893:1902 FS turkeys 1893:1902 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 10 46 theme loss 1299:1302 arg1 turkeys 1261:1267 turkeys 1261:1267 turkeys 1261:1267 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 10 46 theme loss 1299:1302 arg1 results 1280:1286 better results 1273:1286 better results 1273:1286 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 0 47 theme 24 10:11 arg1 h 13:13 h 13:13 h 13:13 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 6 48 theme thigh 644:648 arg1 muscles 650:656 their thigh muscles 638:656 their thigh muscles 638:656 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 4 49 theme FS 431:432 arg1 SG 448:449 FG × SG 443:449 FG × SG 443:449 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 4 49 theme FS 431:432 arg1 crosses 434:440 FS crosses 431:440 FS crosses (FG × SG) 431:450 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 11 50 theme FG 1490:1491 arg1 turkeys 1493:1499 FG turkeys 1490:1499 FG turkeys 1490:1499 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 0 51 theme post-mortem 15:25 arg1 muscle 49:54 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle 10:54 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle 10:54 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 10 52 from turkeys 1261:1267 arg1 muscles 1312:1318 male muscles 1307:1318 male muscles 1307:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 6 53 from slaughter 580:588 arg1 line 632:635 each genetic line 619:635 each genetic line 619:635 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 7 54 theme Quality 851:857 arg1 attributes 859:868 Quality attributes 851:868 Quality attributes 851:868 Quality attributes were evaluated based on chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking loss (%) and colour. 29016189 13 55 theme similar 1719:1725 arg1 content 1727:1733 a similar content 1717:1733 a similar content of protein 1717:1744 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 6 56 theme genetic 624:630 arg1 line 632:635 each genetic line 619:635 each genetic line 619:635 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 4 57 theme × 421:421 arg1 FG 423:424 SG × FG 418:424 SG × FG 418:424 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 4 57 theme × 421:421 arg1 slow- 356:360 slow- 356:360 slow- (SG) 356:365 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 10 58 theme male 1307:1310 arg1 muscles 1312:1318 male muscles 1307:1318 male muscles 1307:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 4 59 from 15 weeks 534:541 arg1 case 557:560 the case 553:560 the case of hens 553:568 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 11 60 theme higher 1541:1546 arg1 content 1556:1562 a higher protein content 1539:1562 a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds 1539:1598 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 11 61 theme turkeys 1493:1499 arg1 muscles 1479:1485 the muscles 1475:1485 the muscles of FG turkeys 1475:1499 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 9 62 with lines 1064:1068 arg1 rate 1109:1112 the highest metabolic rate 1087:1112 the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys 1087:1149 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 2 63 theme muscle 319:324 arg1 traits 297:302 quality traits 289:302 quality traits of their thigh muscle 289:324 The experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of the direction of turkey crossing on quality traits of their thigh muscle. 29016189 4 64 from males 524:528 arg1 case 557:560 the case 553:560 the case of hens 553:568 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 13 65 theme fat 1702:1704 arg1 content 1706:1712 fat content 1702:1712 fat content 1702:1712 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 0 66 dep Early 0:4 arg1 metabolism 56:65 metabolism 56:65 metabolism 56:65 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 0 66 dep Early 0:4 arg1 quality 76:82 meat quality 71:82 meat quality 71:82 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 10 67 from loss 1299:1302 arg1 muscles 1312:1318 male muscles 1307:1318 male muscles 1307:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 6 68 dep examined 663:670 arg1 content 784:790 glycogen content 775:790 glycogen content (G) 775:794 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 68 dep examined 663:670 arg1 temperature 758:768 temperature 758:768 temperature 758:768 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 68 dep examined 663:670 arg1 EC 846:847 EC 846:847 EC 846:847 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 68 dep examined 663:670 arg1 G 793:793 G 793:793 G 793:793 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 68 dep examined 663:670 arg1 L 814:814 L 814:814 L 814:814 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 68 dep examined 663:670 arg1 pH 771:772 pH 771:772 pH 771:772 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 68 dep examined 663:670 arg1 content 805:811 lactate content 797:811 lactate content (L) 797:815 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 68 dep examined 663:670 arg1 conductivity 832:843 electrical conductivity 821:843 electrical conductivity (EC) 821:848 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 4 69 from case 516:519 arg1 case 557:560 the case 553:560 the case of hens 553:568 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 6 70 theme following 680:688 arg1 traits 690:695 the following traits 676:695 the following traits 676:695 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 11 71 theme protein 1548:1554 arg1 content 1556:1562 a higher protein content 1539:1562 a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds 1539:1598 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 13 72 theme lower 1679:1683 arg1 loss 1693:1696 lower cooking loss 1679:1696 lower cooking loss 1679:1696 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 4 73 theme × 446:446 arg1 SG 448:449 FG × SG 443:449 FG × SG 443:449 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 4 73 theme × 446:446 arg1 crosses 434:440 FS crosses 431:440 FS crosses (FG × SG) 431:450 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 10 74 theme water 1221:1225 arg1 capacity 1235:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity 1196:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles 1196:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 10 75 theme holding 1227:1233 arg1 capacity 1235:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity 1196:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles 1196:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 2 76 theme turkey 270:275 arg1 crossing 277:284 turkey crossing 270:284 turkey crossing 270:284 The experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of the direction of turkey crossing on quality traits of their thigh muscle. 29016189 9 77 theme metabolic 1099:1107 arg1 rate 1109:1112 the highest metabolic rate 1087:1112 the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys 1087:1149 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 10 78 theme muscle 1214:1219 arg1 capacity 1235:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity 1196:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles 1196:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 0 79 theme genetic 91:97 arg1 types 99:103 two genetic types 87:103 two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses 87:143 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 2 80 theme direction 257:265 arg1 effect 243:248 the effect 239:248 the effect of the direction of turkey crossing on quality traits of their thigh muscle 239:324 The experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of the direction of turkey crossing on quality traits of their thigh muscle. 29016189 13 81 theme free 1793:1796 arg1 system 1804:1809 the free range system 1789:1809 the free range system 1789:1809 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 13 82 theme SF 1768:1769 arg1 crosses 1771:1777 SF crosses 1768:1777 SF crosses raised in the free range system 1768:1809 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 10 83 theme sexes 1252:1256 arg1 capacity 1235:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity 1196:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles 1196:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 11 84 theme lower 1442:1446 arg1 content 1448:1454 a lower content 1440:1454 a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys 1440:1499 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 10 85 located found 1325:1329 arg1 turkeys 1344:1350 SG and SF turkeys 1334:1350 turkeys 1344:1350 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 10 85 located found 1325:1329 arg2 capacity 1235:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity 1196:1242 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles 1196:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 13 86 theme better 1648:1653 arg1 capacity 1669:1676 better water holding capacity 1648:1676 better water holding capacity 1648:1676 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 11 87 theme SG 1591:1592 arg1 birds 1594:1598 SG birds 1591:1598 SG birds 1591:1598 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 4 88 theme free 479:482 arg1 range 484:488 free range 479:488 free range 479:488 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 0 89 theme meat 71:74 arg1 quality 76:82 meat quality 71:82 meat quality 71:82 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 13 90 theme holding 1661:1667 arg1 capacity 1669:1676 better water holding capacity 1648:1676 better water holding capacity 1648:1676 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 9 91 theme SG 1140:1141 arg1 turkeys 1143:1149 SG turkeys 1140:1149 SG turkeys 1140:1149 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 92 from rate 976:979 arg1 L 1023:1023 L 1023:1023 L 1023:1023 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 92 from rate 976:979 arg1 G 1020:1020 G 1020:1020 G 1020:1020 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 92 from rate 976:979 arg1 temperature 1007:1017 temperature 1007:1017 temperature 1007:1017 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 92 from rate 976:979 arg1 pH 1029:1030 pH 1029:1030 pH 1029:1030 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 4 93 theme slow- 356:360 arg1 turkeys 345:351 1358 turkeys 340:351 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) 340:450 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 4 94 theme males 524:528 arg1 case 516:519 the case 512:519 the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens 512:568 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 11 95 theme higher 1410:1415 arg1 content 1417:1423 a higher content 1408:1423 a higher content of protein 1408:1434 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 0 96 theme reciprocal 126:135 arg1 crosses 137:143 their reciprocal crosses 120:143 their reciprocal crosses 120:143 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 13 97 theme faster 1617:1622 arg1 metabolism 1636:1645 the faster post-mortem metabolism 1613:1645 the faster post-mortem metabolism 1613:1645 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 6 98 theme glycogen 775:782 arg1 G 793:793 G 793:793 G 793:793 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 98 theme glycogen 775:782 arg1 content 784:790 glycogen content 775:790 glycogen content (G) 775:794 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 4 99 theme 15 weeks 534:541 arg1 case 516:519 the case 512:519 the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens 512:568 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 11 100 theme protein 1428:1434 arg1 content 1417:1423 a higher content 1408:1423 a higher content of protein 1408:1434 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 7 101 theme cooking 940:946 arg1 % 954:954 % 954:954 % 954:954 Quality attributes were evaluated based on chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking loss (%) and colour. 29016189 7 101 theme cooking 940:946 arg1 loss 948:951 cooking loss 940:951 cooking loss (%) 940:955 Quality attributes were evaluated based on chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking loss (%) and colour. 29016189 13 102 theme thigh 1751:1755 arg1 muscles 1757:1763 the thigh muscles 1747:1763 the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system 1747:1809 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 2 103 from effect 243:248 arg1 traits 297:302 quality traits 289:302 quality traits of their thigh muscle 289:324 The experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of the direction of turkey crossing on quality traits of their thigh muscle. 29016189 4 104 theme crosses 409:415 arg1 turkeys 345:351 1358 turkeys 340:351 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) 340:450 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 7 105 theme water 916:920 arg1 capacity 930:937 water holding capacity 916:937 water holding capacity 916:937 Quality attributes were evaluated based on chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking loss (%) and colour. 29016189 9 106 theme post-mortem 984:994 arg1 changes 996:1002 post-mortem changes 984:1002 post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles 984:1041 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 107 from pH 1029:1030 arg1 muscles 1035:1041 muscles 1035:1041 muscles 1035:1041 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 107 from pH 1029:1030 arg1 rate 976:979 The rate 972:979 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles 972:1041 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 108 from L 1023:1023 arg1 muscles 1035:1041 muscles 1035:1041 muscles 1035:1041 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 108 from L 1023:1023 arg1 rate 976:979 The rate 972:979 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles 972:1041 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 109 from G 1020:1020 arg1 muscles 1035:1041 muscles 1035:1041 muscles 1035:1041 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 109 from G 1020:1020 arg1 rate 976:979 The rate 972:979 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles 972:1041 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 110 theme birds 1189:1193 arg1 muscles 1164:1170 muscles 1164:1170 muscles of SF, FS and FG birds 1164:1193 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 9 111 dep differed 1043:1050 arg1 followed 1152:1159 followed 1152:1159 followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds 1152:1193 The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. 29016189 6 112 theme lactate 797:803 arg1 L 814:814 L 814:814 L 814:814 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 112 theme lactate 797:803 arg1 content 805:811 lactate content 797:811 lactate content (L) 797:815 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 11 113 theme fat 1459:1461 arg1 content 1448:1454 a lower content 1440:1454 a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys 1440:1499 The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds. 29016189 4 114 theme age 546:548 arg1 15 weeks 534:541 15 weeks 534:541 15 weeks of age in the case of hens 534:568 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 4 114 theme age 546:548 arg1 males 524:528 males 524:528 males 524:528 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 0 115 theme h 13:13 arg1 muscle 49:54 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle 10:54 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle 10:54 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 13 116 theme protein 1738:1744 arg1 content 1727:1733 a similar content 1717:1733 a similar content of protein 1717:1744 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 13 117 theme turkeys 1896:1902 arg1 muscles 1882:1888 the thigh muscles 1872:1888 the thigh muscles of FS turkeys 1872:1902 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 4 118 theme crosses 434:440 arg1 turkeys 345:351 1358 turkeys 340:351 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) 340:450 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 10 119 theme cooking 1291:1297 arg1 loss 1299:1302 cooking loss 1291:1302 cooking loss in male muscles 1291:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 0 120 theme thigh 27:31 arg1 muscle 49:54 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle 10:54 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle 10:54 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 4 121 theme SG 418:419 arg1 FG 423:424 SG × FG 418:424 SG × FG 418:424 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 4 121 theme SG 418:419 arg1 slow- 356:360 slow- 356:360 slow- (SG) 356:365 In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens. 29016189 10 122 theme results 1280:1286 arg1 sexes 1252:1256 both sexes 1247:1256 both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles 1247:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 0 123 theme ilio 34:37 arg1 muscle 49:54 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle 10:54 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle 10:54 Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses, raised under semi-confined conditions. 29016189 13 124 theme thigh 1876:1880 arg1 muscles 1882:1888 the thigh muscles 1872:1888 the thigh muscles of FS turkeys 1872:1902 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 2 125 theme thigh 313:317 arg1 muscle 319:324 their thigh muscle 307:324 their thigh muscle 307:324 The experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of the direction of turkey crossing on quality traits of their thigh muscle. 29016189 2 126 theme quality 289:295 arg1 traits 297:302 quality traits 289:302 quality traits of their thigh muscle 289:324 The experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of the direction of turkey crossing on quality traits of their thigh muscle. 29016189 13 127 theme meat 1841:1844 arg1 quality 1830:1836 a better quality 1821:1836 a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys 1821:1902 Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys. 29016189 2 128 theme crossing 277:284 arg1 direction 257:265 the direction 253:265 the direction of turkey crossing 253:284 The experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of the direction of turkey crossing on quality traits of their thigh muscle. 29016189 6 129 theme hens 609:612 arg1 slaughter 580:588 slaughter 580:588 slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line 580:635 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 10 130 from results 1280:1286 arg1 muscles 1312:1318 male muscles 1307:1318 male muscles 1307:1318 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 29016189 6 131 theme electrical 821:830 arg1 EC 846:847 EC 846:847 EC 846:847 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 6 131 theme electrical 821:830 arg1 conductivity 832:843 electrical conductivity 821:843 electrical conductivity (EC) 821:848 After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). 29016189 10 132 theme SG 1334:1335 arg1 turkeys 1344:1350 SG and SF turkeys 1334:1350 turkeys 1344:1350 A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. 26794716 6 0 theme MSC 924:926 arg1 viability 902:910 The viability 898:910 The viability of embedded MSC and their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages over 3 weeks in culture 898:1039 The viability of embedded MSC and their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages over 3 weeks in culture were also assessed. 26794716 12 1 theme next-generation 1867:1881 arg1 therapies 1900:1908 next-generation cartilage repair therapies 1867:1908 next-generation cartilage repair therapies 1867:1908 Such compositionally tailored microtissues may find utility for cell delivery in next-generation cartilage repair therapies. 26794716 4 2 theme modular 625:631 arg1 microbeads 633:642 modular microbeads 625:642 modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique 625:769 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 2 3 theme improved 372:379 arg1 outcomes 381:388 improved outcomes 372:388 improved outcomes 372:388 Next-generation therapies that combine cells with biomaterials may provide improved outcomes. 26794716 1 4 theme important 257:265 arg1 regeneration 211:222 regeneration 211:222 regeneration 211:222 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 1 4 theme important 257:265 arg1 problem 288:294 an important and growing clinical problem 254:294 an important and growing clinical problem 254:294 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 1 4 theme important 257:265 arg1 repair 200:205 repair 200:205 repair 200:205 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 8 5 from viability 1177:1185 arg1 microbeads 1190:1199 microbeads 1190:1199 microbeads 1190:1199 MSC viability in microbeads was consistently high over a week in culture, whereas viability in corresponding bulk hydrogels decreased with increasing COL-II content. 26794716 1 6 theme growing 271:277 arg1 regeneration 211:222 regeneration 211:222 regeneration 211:222 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 1 6 theme growing 271:277 arg1 problem 288:294 an important and growing clinical problem 254:294 an important and growing clinical problem 254:294 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 1 6 theme growing 271:277 arg1 repair 200:205 repair 200:205 repair 200:205 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 8 7 theme MSC 1173:1175 arg1 viability 1177:1185 MSC viability 1173:1185 MSC viability in microbeads 1173:1199 MSC viability in microbeads was consistently high over a week in culture, whereas viability in corresponding bulk hydrogels decreased with increasing COL-II content. 26794716 5 8 theme distribution 864:875 arg1 terms 822:826 terms 822:826 terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content 822:895 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads were characterized in terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content. 26794716 1 9 theme clinical 279:286 arg1 regeneration 211:222 regeneration 211:222 regeneration 211:222 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 1 9 theme clinical 279:286 arg1 problem 288:294 an important and growing clinical problem 254:294 an important and growing clinical problem 254:294 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 1 9 theme clinical 279:286 arg1 repair 200:205 repair 200:205 repair 200:205 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 7 10 theme % 1093:1093 arg1 COL-II 1095:1100 <20% COL-II 1090:1100 <20% COL-II 1090:1100 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 5 11 theme protein 881:887 arg1 content 889:895 protein content 881:895 protein content 881:895 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads were characterized in terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content. 26794716 10 12 theme AG 1633:1634 arg1 matrices 1636:1643 pure AG matrices 1628:1643 pure AG matrices 1628:1643 Chondrogenic differentiation of MSC was clearly promoted in microbeads containing COL-II, compared with pure AG matrices. 26794716 5 13 theme structural 837:846 arg1 integrity 848:856 their structural integrity 831:856 their structural integrity 831:856 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads were characterized in terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content. 26794716 8 14 theme corresponding 1268:1280 arg1 hydrogels 1287:1295 corresponding bulk hydrogels 1268:1295 corresponding bulk hydrogels 1268:1295 MSC viability in microbeads was consistently high over a week in culture, whereas viability in corresponding bulk hydrogels decreased with increasing COL-II content. 26794716 12 15 theme Such 1786:1789 arg1 microtissues 1816:1827 Such compositionally tailored microtissues 1786:1827 Such compositionally tailored microtissues 1786:1827 Such compositionally tailored microtissues may find utility for cell delivery in next-generation cartilage repair therapies. 26794716 8 16 theme COL-II 1323:1328 arg1 content 1330:1336 COL-II content 1323:1336 COL-II content 1323:1336 MSC viability in microbeads was consistently high over a week in culture, whereas viability in corresponding bulk hydrogels decreased with increasing COL-II content. 26794716 0 17 theme modular 72:78 arg1 microtissues 80:91 agarose-based modular microtissues 58:91 agarose-based modular microtissues 58:91 Collagen Type II enhances chondrogenic differentiation in agarose-based modular microtissues. 26794716 8 18 from viability 1255:1263 arg1 hydrogels 1287:1295 corresponding bulk hydrogels 1268:1295 corresponding bulk hydrogels 1268:1295 MSC viability in microbeads was consistently high over a week in culture, whereas viability in corresponding bulk hydrogels decreased with increasing COL-II content. 26794716 7 19 from shape 1139:1143 arg1 robust 1107:1112 robust 1107:1112 robust 1107:1112 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 6 20 from weeks 1024:1028 arg1 culture 1033:1039 culture 1033:1039 culture 1033:1039 The viability of embedded MSC and their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages over 3 weeks in culture were also assessed. 26794716 4 21 theme collagen 705:712 arg1 Type 714:717 20% collagen Type II 701:720 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) 701:729 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 21 theme collagen 705:712 arg1 COL-II 723:728 COL-II 723:728 COL-II 723:728 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 5 22 theme AG 772:773 arg1 microbeads 789:798 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads 772:798 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads 772:798 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads were characterized in terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content. 26794716 1 23 theme osteoarthritis 171:184 arg1 treatment 158:166 the treatment 154:166 the treatment of osteoarthritis 154:184 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 4 24 theme bone 559:562 arg1 cells 596:600 Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 553:600 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 545:606 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 24 theme bone 559:562 arg1 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 25 from microbeads 633:642 arg1 embedded 613:620 embedded 613:620 embedded 613:620 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 7 26 from diameter 1163:1170 arg1 robust 1107:1112 robust 1107:1112 robust 1107:1112 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 3 27 theme cartilage 475:483 arg1 system 499:504 a delivery system 488:504 a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells 488:542 We have developed modular microenvironments that mimic the composition of articular cartilage as a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells. 26794716 3 27 theme cartilage 475:483 arg1 composition 450:460 the composition 446:460 the composition of articular cartilage 446:483 We have developed modular microenvironments that mimic the composition of articular cartilage as a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells. 26794716 9 28 theme adipogenic 1441:1450 arg1 differentiation 1452:1466 adipogenic differentiation 1441:1466 adipogenic differentiation 1441:1466 Osteogenic differentiation of MSC was modestly supported in both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads, whereas adipogenic differentiation was strongly inhibited in COL-II containing microbeads. 26794716 1 29 from impact 144:149 arg1 treatment 158:166 the treatment 154:166 the treatment of osteoarthritis 154:184 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 3 30 theme modular 409:415 arg1 microenvironments 417:433 modular microenvironments 409:433 modular microenvironments that mimic the composition of articular cartilage as a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells 409:542 We have developed modular microenvironments that mimic the composition of articular cartilage as a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells. 26794716 0 31 theme Collagen 0:7 arg1 Type 9:12 Collagen Type II 0:15 Collagen Type II 0:15 Collagen Type II enhances chondrogenic differentiation in agarose-based modular microtissues. 26794716 9 32 theme Osteogenic 1339:1348 arg1 differentiation 1350:1364 Osteogenic differentiation 1339:1364 Osteogenic differentiation of MSC 1339:1371 Osteogenic differentiation of MSC was modestly supported in both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads, whereas adipogenic differentiation was strongly inhibited in COL-II containing microbeads. 26794716 1 33 theme Cell-based 110:119 arg1 therapies 121:129 Cell-based therapies 110:129 Cell-based therapies 110:129 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 4 34 theme water-in-oil 739:750 arg1 emulsion 752:759 a water-in-oil emulsion 737:759 a water-in-oil emulsion technique 737:769 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 35 theme 20 701:702 arg1 % 703:703 % 703:703 % 703:703 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 10 36 theme Chondrogenic 1524:1535 arg1 differentiation 1537:1551 Chondrogenic differentiation 1524:1551 Chondrogenic differentiation of MSC 1524:1558 Chondrogenic differentiation of MSC was clearly promoted in microbeads containing COL-II, compared with pure AG matrices. 26794716 0 37 theme chondrogenic 26:37 arg1 differentiation 39:53 chondrogenic differentiation 26:53 chondrogenic differentiation in agarose-based modular microtissues 26:91 Collagen Type II enhances chondrogenic differentiation in agarose-based modular microtissues. 26794716 5 38 theme AG/COL-II 779:787 arg1 microbeads 789:798 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads 772:798 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads 772:798 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads were characterized in terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content. 26794716 4 39 theme stem 591:594 arg1 cells 596:600 Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 553:600 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 545:606 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 39 theme stem 591:594 arg1 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 11 40 theme chondrogenic 1743:1754 arg1 differentiation 1756:1770 chondrogenic differentiation 1743:1770 chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC 1743:1783 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. 26794716 11 41 theme CONCLUSIONS 1646:1656 arg1 Inclusion 1658:1666 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion 1646:1666 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format 1646:1726 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. 26794716 1 42 theme thick 227:231 arg1 defects 243:249 thick cartilage defects 227:249 thick cartilage defects 227:249 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 11 43 theme MSC 1781:1783 arg1 differentiation 1756:1770 chondrogenic differentiation 1743:1770 chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC 1743:1783 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. 26794716 1 44 dep repair 200:205 arg1 the 196:198 the 196:198 the 196:198 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 11 45 theme Type 1680:1683 arg1 Inclusion 1658:1666 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion 1646:1666 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format 1646:1726 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. 26794716 1 46 theme defects 243:249 arg1 regeneration 211:222 regeneration 211:222 regeneration 211:222 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 1 46 theme defects 243:249 arg1 problem 288:294 an important and growing clinical problem 254:294 an important and growing clinical problem 254:294 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 1 46 theme defects 243:249 arg1 repair 200:205 repair 200:205 repair 200:205 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 12 47 theme cartilage 1883:1891 arg1 therapies 1900:1908 next-generation cartilage repair therapies 1867:1908 next-generation cartilage repair therapies 1867:1908 Such compositionally tailored microtissues may find utility for cell delivery in next-generation cartilage repair therapies. 26794716 4 48 theme mesenchymal 579:589 arg1 cells 596:600 Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 553:600 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 545:606 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 48 theme mesenchymal 579:589 arg1 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 7 49 dep made 1080:1083 arg1 Microbeads 1069:1078 Microbeads 1069:1078 Microbeads 1069:1078 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 7 49 dep made 1080:1083 arg1 RESULTS 1061:1067 RESULTS 1061:1067 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II 1061:1100 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 6 50 theme embedded 915:922 arg1 MSC 924:926 embedded MSC 915:926 embedded MSC 915:926 The viability of embedded MSC and their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages over 3 weeks in culture were also assessed. 26794716 10 51 theme pure 1628:1631 arg1 matrices 1636:1643 pure AG matrices 1628:1643 pure AG matrices 1628:1643 Chondrogenic differentiation of MSC was clearly promoted in microbeads containing COL-II, compared with pure AG matrices. 26794716 2 52 theme Next-generation 297:311 arg1 therapies 313:321 Next-generation therapies 297:321 Next-generation therapies that combine cells with biomaterials 297:358 Next-generation therapies that combine cells with biomaterials may provide improved outcomes. 26794716 12 53 theme cell 1850:1853 arg1 delivery 1855:1862 cell delivery 1850:1862 cell delivery 1850:1862 Such compositionally tailored microtissues may find utility for cell delivery in next-generation cartilage repair therapies. 26794716 5 54 theme size 859:862 arg1 distribution 864:875 size distribution 859:875 size distribution 859:875 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads were characterized in terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content. 26794716 12 55 theme tailored 1807:1814 arg1 microtissues 1816:1827 Such compositionally tailored microtissues 1786:1827 Such compositionally tailored microtissues 1786:1827 Such compositionally tailored microtissues may find utility for cell delivery in next-generation cartilage repair therapies. 26794716 7 56 dep robust 1107:1112 arg1 spheroidal 1125:1134 spheroidal 1125:1134 spheroidal 1125:1134 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 11 57 theme microbead 1711:1719 arg1 format 1721:1726 microbead format 1711:1726 microbead format 1711:1726 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. 26794716 7 58 theme <20 1090:1092 arg1 % 1093:1093 % 1093:1093 % 1093:1093 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 6 59 theme adipogenic 980:989 arg1 lineages 1008:1015 osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages 968:1015 osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages 968:1015 The viability of embedded MSC and their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages over 3 weeks in culture were also assessed. 26794716 4 60 link marrow-derived 564:577 arg1 cells 596:600 Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 553:600 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 545:606 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 60 link marrow-derived 564:577 arg1 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 6 61 theme osteogenic 968:977 arg1 lineages 1008:1015 osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages 968:1015 osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages 968:1015 The viability of embedded MSC and their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages over 3 weeks in culture were also assessed. 26794716 5 62 theme integrity 848:856 arg1 terms 822:826 terms 822:826 terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content 822:895 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads were characterized in terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content. 26794716 7 63 from 80 ± 10 µm 1149:1158 arg1 robust 1107:1112 robust 1107:1112 robust 1107:1112 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 6 64 theme ability 938:944 arg1 viability 902:910 The viability 898:910 The viability of embedded MSC and their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages over 3 weeks in culture 898:1039 The viability of embedded MSC and their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages over 3 weeks in culture were also assessed. 26794716 8 65 theme bulk 1282:1285 arg1 hydrogels 1287:1295 corresponding bulk hydrogels 1268:1295 corresponding bulk hydrogels 1268:1295 MSC viability in microbeads was consistently high over a week in culture, whereas viability in corresponding bulk hydrogels decreased with increasing COL-II content. 26794716 8 66 from week 1230:1233 arg1 culture 1238:1244 culture 1238:1244 culture 1238:1244 MSC viability in microbeads was consistently high over a week in culture, whereas viability in corresponding bulk hydrogels decreased with increasing COL-II content. 26794716 5 67 theme content 889:895 arg1 terms 822:826 terms 822:826 terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content 822:895 AG and AG/COL-II microbeads were characterized in terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content. 26794716 4 68 theme Human 553:557 arg1 cells 596:600 Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 553:600 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 545:606 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 68 theme Human 553:557 arg1 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 69 theme marrow-derived 564:577 arg1 cells 596:600 Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 553:600 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 545:606 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 69 theme marrow-derived 564:577 arg1 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 70 theme % 703:703 arg1 Type 714:717 20% collagen Type II 701:720 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) 701:729 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 70 theme % 703:703 arg1 COL-II 723:728 COL-II 723:728 COL-II 723:728 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 6 71 theme chondrogenic 995:1006 arg1 lineages 1008:1015 osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages 968:1015 osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages 968:1015 The viability of embedded MSC and their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages over 3 weeks in culture were also assessed. 26794716 4 72 theme emulsion 752:759 arg1 technique 761:769 a water-in-oil emulsion technique 737:769 a water-in-oil emulsion technique 737:769 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 10 73 contain containing 1595:1604 arg2 COL-II 1606:1611 COL-II 1606:1611 COL-II 1606:1611 Chondrogenic differentiation of MSC was clearly promoted in microbeads containing COL-II, compared with pure AG matrices. 26794716 10 73 contain containing 1595:1604 arg1 microbeads 1584:1593 microbeads 1584:1593 microbeads containing COL-II 1584:1611 Chondrogenic differentiation of MSC was clearly promoted in microbeads containing COL-II, compared with pure AG matrices. 26794716 0 74 from differentiation 39:53 arg1 microtissues 80:91 agarose-based modular microtissues 58:91 agarose-based modular microtissues 58:91 Collagen Type II enhances chondrogenic differentiation in agarose-based modular microtissues. 26794716 9 75 contain containing 1501:1510 arg2 microbeads 1512:1521 microbeads 1512:1521 microbeads 1512:1521 Osteogenic differentiation of MSC was modestly supported in both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads, whereas adipogenic differentiation was strongly inhibited in COL-II containing microbeads. 26794716 9 75 contain containing 1501:1510 arg1 COL-II 1494:1499 COL-II 1494:1499 COL-II containing microbeads 1494:1521 Osteogenic differentiation of MSC was modestly supported in both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads, whereas adipogenic differentiation was strongly inhibited in COL-II containing microbeads. 26794716 1 76 theme cartilage 233:241 arg1 defects 243:249 thick cartilage defects 227:249 thick cartilage defects 227:249 BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. 26794716 4 77 from embedded 613:620 arg1 microbeads 633:642 modular microbeads 625:642 modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique 625:769 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 12 78 from utility 1838:1844 arg1 therapies 1900:1908 next-generation cartilage repair therapies 1867:1908 next-generation cartilage repair therapies 1867:1908 Such compositionally tailored microtissues may find utility for cell delivery in next-generation cartilage repair therapies. 26794716 3 79 theme articular 465:473 arg1 cartilage 475:483 articular cartilage 465:483 articular cartilage 465:483 We have developed modular microenvironments that mimic the composition of articular cartilage as a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells. 26794716 9 80 theme MSC 1369:1371 arg1 differentiation 1350:1364 Osteogenic differentiation 1339:1364 Osteogenic differentiation of MSC 1339:1371 Osteogenic differentiation of MSC was modestly supported in both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads, whereas adipogenic differentiation was strongly inhibited in COL-II containing microbeads. 26794716 7 81 from robust 1107:1112 arg1 diameter 1163:1170 diameter 1163:1170 diameter 1163:1170 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 7 81 from robust 1107:1112 arg1 80 ± 10 µm 1149:1158 80 ± 10 µm 1149:1158 80 ± 10 µm 1149:1158 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 7 81 from robust 1107:1112 arg1 shape 1139:1143 shape 1139:1143 shape 1139:1143 RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. 26794716 3 82 theme delivery 490:497 arg1 system 499:504 a delivery system 488:504 a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells 488:542 We have developed modular microenvironments that mimic the composition of articular cartilage as a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells. 26794716 3 82 theme delivery 490:497 arg1 composition 450:460 the composition 446:460 the composition of articular cartilage 446:483 We have developed modular microenvironments that mimic the composition of articular cartilage as a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells. 26794716 0 83 theme agarose-based 58:70 arg1 microtissues 80:91 agarose-based modular microtissues 58:91 agarose-based modular microtissues 58:91 Collagen Type II enhances chondrogenic differentiation in agarose-based modular microtissues. 26794716 12 84 theme repair 1893:1898 arg1 therapies 1900:1908 next-generation cartilage repair therapies 1867:1908 next-generation cartilage repair therapies 1867:1908 Such compositionally tailored microtissues may find utility for cell delivery in next-generation cartilage repair therapies. 26794716 11 85 from matrices 1699:1706 arg1 format 1721:1726 microbead format 1711:1726 microbead format 1711:1726 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. 26794716 4 86 dep METHODS 545:551 arg1 cells 596:600 Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 553:600 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 545:606 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 4 86 dep METHODS 545:551 arg1 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 MSC 603:605 METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. 26794716 10 87 theme MSC 1556:1558 arg1 differentiation 1537:1551 Chondrogenic differentiation 1524:1551 Chondrogenic differentiation of MSC 1524:1558 Chondrogenic differentiation of MSC was clearly promoted in microbeads containing COL-II, compared with pure AG matrices. 26794716 11 88 theme human 1775:1779 arg1 MSC 1781:1783 human MSC 1775:1783 human MSC 1775:1783 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. 26794716 11 89 theme collagen 1671:1678 arg1 Type 1680:1683 collagen Type II 1671:1686 collagen Type II 1671:1686 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. 26794716 3 90 theme differentiated 523:536 arg1 cells 538:542 consistently differentiated cells 510:542 consistently differentiated cells 510:542 We have developed modular microenvironments that mimic the composition of articular cartilage as a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells. 26794716 9 91 theme AG 1404:1405 arg1 microbeads 1421:1430 both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads 1399:1430 both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads 1399:1430 Osteogenic differentiation of MSC was modestly supported in both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads, whereas adipogenic differentiation was strongly inhibited in COL-II containing microbeads. 26794716 11 92 theme agarose 1691:1697 arg1 matrices 1699:1706 agarose matrices 1691:1706 agarose matrices in microbead format 1691:1726 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. 26794716 11 93 from Inclusion 1658:1666 arg1 matrices 1699:1706 agarose matrices 1691:1706 agarose matrices in microbead format 1691:1726 CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. 26794716 9 94 theme AG/COL-II 1411:1419 arg1 microbeads 1421:1430 both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads 1399:1430 both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads 1399:1430 Osteogenic differentiation of MSC was modestly supported in both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads, whereas adipogenic differentiation was strongly inhibited in COL-II containing microbeads. 27134828 7 0 with samples 1199:1205 arg1 defects 1232:1238 known N- & O-linked defects 1212:1238 known N- & O-linked defects 1212:1238 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 11 1 theme treatment 2007:2015 arg1 strategies 2017:2026 future treatment strategies 2000:2026 future treatment strategies 2000:2026 The technique has further potential in monitoring patients for future treatment strategies. 27134828 7 2 located observed 1324:1331 arg2 glycoform 1276:1284 a lower molecular weight glycoform 1251:1284 a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation 1251:1435 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 7 2 located observed 1324:1331 arg1 disorders 1363:1371 the N-linked glycosylation disorders 1336:1371 the N-linked glycosylation disorders 1336:1371 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 6 3 dep α1-antitrypsin 1080:1093 arg1 1&2 1178:1180 1&2 1178:1180 1&2 1178:1180 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 11 4 theme monitoring 1976:1985 arg1 patients 1987:1994 monitoring patients 1976:1994 monitoring patients 1976:1994 The technique has further potential in monitoring patients for future treatment strategies. 27134828 1 5 theme expanding 175:183 arg1 group 185:189 an expanding group 172:189 an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 172:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 5 theme expanding 175:183 arg1 disorders 202:210 genetic disorders 194:210 genetic disorders 194:210 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 5 theme expanding 175:183 arg1 defects 311:317 N- & O-linked defects 297:317 N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 297:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 5 theme expanding 175:183 arg1 Disorders 135:143 The Congenital Disorders 120:143 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) 120:166 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 11 6 contain has 1951:1953 arg2 potential 1963:1971 further potential 1955:1971 further potential in monitoring patients for future treatment strategies 1955:2026 The technique has further potential in monitoring patients for future treatment strategies. 27134828 11 6 contain has 1951:1953 arg1 technique 1941:1949 The technique 1937:1949 The technique 1937:1949 The technique has further potential in monitoring patients for future treatment strategies. 27134828 7 7 theme affected 1412:1419 arg1 O-glycosylation 1421:1435 affected O-glycosylation 1412:1435 affected O-glycosylation 1412:1435 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 11 8 from potential 1963:1971 arg1 patients 1987:1994 monitoring patients 1976:1994 monitoring patients 1976:1994 The technique has further potential in monitoring patients for future treatment strategies. 27134828 7 9 theme glycosylation 1349:1361 arg1 disorders 1363:1371 the N-linked glycosylation disorders 1336:1371 the N-linked glycosylation disorders 1336:1371 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 12 10 theme mass-spectral 2073:2085 arg1 techniques 2104:2113 mass-spectral based proteomics techniques 2073:2113 mass-spectral based proteomics techniques 2073:2113 In an era of shifting emphasis from gel- to mass-spectral based proteomics techniques, we demonstrate that 2D-DIGE remains a powerful method for studying global changes in post-translational modifications of proteins. 27134828 12 11 theme global 2183:2188 arg1 changes 2190:2196 global changes 2183:2196 global changes in post-translational modifications of proteins 2183:2244 In an era of shifting emphasis from gel- to mass-spectral based proteomics techniques, we demonstrate that 2D-DIGE remains a powerful method for studying global changes in post-translational modifications of proteins. 27134828 10 12 theme CDG 1932:1934 arg1 diagnosis 1896:1904 complex diagnosis 1888:1904 complex diagnosis 1888:1904 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 10 12 theme CDG 1932:1934 arg1 classification 1914:1927 sub classification 1910:1927 sub classification 1910:1927 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 10 13 theme 2D 1752:1753 arg1 DIGE 1755:1758 2D DIGE 1752:1758 2D DIGE 1752:1758 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 10 13 theme 2D 1752:1753 arg1 method 1772:1777 an ideal method 1763:1777 an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome 1763:1817 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 12 14 from changes 2190:2196 arg1 modifications 2220:2232 post-translational modifications 2201:2232 post-translational modifications of proteins 2201:2244 In an era of shifting emphasis from gel- to mass-spectral based proteomics techniques, we demonstrate that 2D-DIGE remains a powerful method for studying global changes in post-translational modifications of proteins. 27134828 1 15 theme disorders 202:210 arg1 group 185:189 an expanding group 172:189 an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 172:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 15 theme disorders 202:210 arg1 disorders 202:210 genetic disorders 194:210 genetic disorders 194:210 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 15 theme disorders 202:210 arg1 defects 311:317 N- & O-linked defects 297:317 N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 297:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 15 theme disorders 202:210 arg1 Disorders 135:143 The Congenital Disorders 120:143 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) 120:166 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 9 16 dep varied 1606:1611 arg1 pattern 1595:1601 the glycoform pattern 1581:1601 the glycoform pattern 1581:1601 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 9 16 dep varied 1606:1611 arg1 affected 1674:1681 affected 1674:1681 are consistently affected 1657:1681 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 9 16 dep varied 1606:1611 arg1 varied 1606:1611 varied 1606:1611 varied 1606:1611 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 5 17 from PMM2-CDG 836:843 arg1 samples 823:829 Patient samples 815:829 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) 815:933 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 10 18 dep diagnosis 1896:1904 arg1 the 1884:1886 the 1884:1886 the 1884:1886 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 4 19 theme sensitive 695:703 arg1 method 748:753 a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method 693:753 a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome 693:812 We describe a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome. 27134828 6 20 gly α2-HS-glycoprotein 1117:1134 arg1 α2-HS-glycoprotein 1117:1134 α2-HS-glycoprotein 1117:1134 α2-HS-glycoprotein 1117:1134 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 10 21 theme ideal 1766:1770 arg1 DIGE 1755:1758 2D DIGE 1752:1758 2D DIGE 1752:1758 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 10 21 theme ideal 1766:1770 arg1 method 1772:1777 an ideal method 1763:1777 an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome 1763:1817 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 7 22 link O-linked 1223:1230 arg1 defects 1232:1238 known N- & O-linked defects 1212:1238 known N- & O-linked defects 1212:1238 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 4 23 theme Gel 721:723 arg1 DIGE 742:745 DIGE 742:745 DIGE 742:745 We describe a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome. 27134828 4 23 theme Gel 721:723 arg1 Electrophoresis 725:739 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis 705:739 a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome 693:812 We describe a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome. 27134828 3 24 dep detect 540:545 arg1 is 616:617 is 616:617 is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases 616:678 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 2 25 theme apolipoprotein 488:501 arg1 CIII 503:506 apolipoprotein CIII 488:506 apolipoprotein CIII 488:506 Initial screening of CDG is usually based on the investigation of the glycoproteins transferrin, and/or apolipoprotein CIII. 27134828 7 26 theme inhibitor 1301:1309 arg1 glycoform 1276:1284 a lower molecular weight glycoform 1251:1284 a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation 1251:1435 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 7 27 theme lower 1253:1257 arg1 weight 1269:1274 a lower molecular weight 1251:1274 a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation 1251:1435 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 0 28 theme dystroglycanopathies 58:77 arg1 investigation 41:53 the investigation 37:53 the investigation of dystroglycanopathies 37:77 Global serum glycoform profiling for the investigation of dystroglycanopathies & Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. 27134828 5 29 theme Patient 815:821 arg1 samples 823:829 Patient samples 815:829 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) 815:933 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 9 30 from protein 1713:1719 arg1 cases 1732:1736 complex cases 1724:1736 complex cases 1724:1736 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 0 31 theme Congenital 81:90 arg1 Disorders 92:100 Congenital Disorders 81:100 Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation 81:117 Global serum glycoform profiling for the investigation of dystroglycanopathies & Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. 27134828 8 32 theme abnormal 1469:1476 arg1 glycoproteins 1484:1496 abnormal serum glycoproteins 1469:1496 abnormal serum glycoproteins in LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1469:1549 In addition, we could identify abnormal serum glycoproteins in LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies. 27134828 5 33 theme complex 883:889 arg1 glycosylation 905:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 2 34 theme Initial 384:390 arg1 screening 392:400 Initial screening 384:400 Initial screening of CDG 384:407 Initial screening of CDG is usually based on the investigation of the glycoproteins transferrin, and/or apolipoprotein CIII. 27134828 7 35 theme C1-esterase 1289:1299 arg1 inhibitor 1301:1309 C1-esterase inhibitor 1289:1309 C1-esterase inhibitor 1289:1309 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 8 36 theme LARGE 1501:1505 arg1 dystrophies 1539:1549 LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1501:1549 LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1501:1549 In addition, we could identify abnormal serum glycoproteins in LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies. 27134828 0 37 theme Global 0:5 arg1 profiling 23:31 Global serum glycoform profiling 0:31 Global serum glycoform profiling for the investigation of dystroglycanopathies 0:77 Global serum glycoform profiling for the investigation of dystroglycanopathies & Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. 27134828 1 38 theme lipids 279:284 arg1 defects 256:262 glycosylation defects 242:262 glycosylation defects of protein and lipids 242:284 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 5 39 from MD 870:871 arg1 samples 823:829 Patient samples 815:829 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) 815:933 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 5 40 theme & 894:894 arg1 glycosylation 905:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 8 41 theme B3GALNT2-deficient 1511:1528 arg1 dystrophies 1539:1549 LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1501:1549 LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1501:1549 In addition, we could identify abnormal serum glycoproteins in LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies. 27134828 12 42 theme post-translational 2201:2218 arg1 modifications 2220:2232 post-translational modifications 2201:2232 post-translational modifications of proteins 2201:2244 In an era of shifting emphasis from gel- to mass-spectral based proteomics techniques, we demonstrate that 2D-DIGE remains a powerful method for studying global changes in post-translational modifications of proteins. 27134828 0 43 theme glycoform 13:21 arg1 profiling 23:31 Global serum glycoform profiling 0:31 Global serum glycoform profiling for the investigation of dystroglycanopathies 0:77 Global serum glycoform profiling for the investigation of dystroglycanopathies & Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. 27134828 7 44 theme molecular 1259:1267 arg1 weight 1269:1274 a lower molecular weight 1251:1274 a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation 1251:1435 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 2 45 theme glycoproteins 454:466 arg1 investigation 433:445 the investigation 429:445 the investigation of the glycoproteins transferrin, and/or apolipoprotein CIII 429:506 Initial screening of CDG is usually based on the investigation of the glycoproteins transferrin, and/or apolipoprotein CIII. 27134828 4 46 theme glycoproteome 800:812 arg1 analysis 778:785 a global analysis 769:785 a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome 769:812 We describe a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome. 27134828 3 47 from patients 590:597 arg1 present 573:579 present 573:579 present 573:579 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 2 48 gly glycoproteins 454:466 arg1 glycoproteins 454:466 the glycoproteins transferrin, and/or apolipoprotein CIII 450:506 the glycoproteins transferrin, and/or apolipoprotein CIII 450:506 Initial screening of CDG is usually based on the investigation of the glycoproteins transferrin, and/or apolipoprotein CIII. 27134828 8 49 from glycoproteins 1484:1496 arg1 dystrophies 1539:1549 LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1501:1549 LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1501:1549 In addition, we could identify abnormal serum glycoproteins in LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies. 27134828 10 50 theme secondary 1858:1866 arg1 test 1868:1871 secondary test 1858:1871 secondary test 1858:1871 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 5 51 dep PMM2-CDG 836:843 arg1 n = 3 928:932 n = 3 928:932 n = 3 928:932 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 5 51 dep PMM2-CDG 836:843 arg1 defects 919:925 defects 919:925 defects (n = 3) 919:933 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 1 52 link O-linked 302:309 arg1 defects 311:317 N- & O-linked defects 297:317 N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 297:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 5 53 from glycosylation 905:917 arg1 samples 823:829 Patient samples 815:829 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) 815:933 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 9 54 from cases 1732:1736 arg1 analysis 1687:1694 analysis 1687:1694 analysis of more than one protein in complex cases 1687:1736 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 5 55 theme 2D 952:953 arg1 DIGE 955:958 2D DIGE 952:958 2D DIGE 952:958 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 7 56 theme known 1212:1216 arg1 defects 1232:1238 known N- & O-linked defects 1212:1238 known N- & O-linked defects 1212:1238 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 12 57 theme powerful 2154:2161 arg1 method 2163:2168 a powerful method 2152:2168 a powerful method for studying global changes in post-translational modifications of proteins 2152:2244 In an era of shifting emphasis from gel- to mass-spectral based proteomics techniques, we demonstrate that 2D-DIGE remains a powerful method for studying global changes in post-translational modifications of proteins. 27134828 6 58 from PMM2-CDG 1043:1050 arg1 CDG-II 1069:1074 CDG-II 1069:1074 CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2 1069:1180 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 1 59 theme defects 256:262 arg1 spectrum 230:237 a spectrum 228:237 a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids 228:284 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 7 60 theme samples 1199:1205 arg1 Analysis 1183:1190 Analysis 1183:1190 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects 1183:1238 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 6 61 from changes 1013:1019 arg1 PMM2-CDG 1043:1050 PMM2-CDG 1043:1050 PMM2-CDG 1043:1050 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 6 61 from changes 1013:1019 arg1 charge 1059:1064 charge 1059:1064 charge 1059:1064 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 6 61 from changes 1013:1019 arg1 charge 1033:1038 charge 1033:1038 charge 1033:1038 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 6 61 from changes 1013:1019 arg1 mass 1024:1027 mass 1024:1027 mass 1024:1027 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 1 62 theme protein 267:273 arg1 defects 256:262 glycosylation defects 242:262 glycosylation defects of protein and lipids 242:284 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 10 63 theme sub 1910:1912 arg1 classification 1914:1927 sub classification 1910:1927 sub classification 1910:1927 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 3 64 theme subtle 558:563 arg1 defects 565:571 complex or subtle defects 547:571 complex or subtle defects present in older patients 547:597 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 3 65 theme complex 547:553 arg1 defects 565:571 complex or subtle defects 547:571 complex or subtle defects present in older patients 547:597 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 1 66 theme genetic 194:200 arg1 disorders 202:210 genetic disorders 194:210 genetic disorders 194:210 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 66 theme genetic 194:200 arg1 defects 311:317 N- & O-linked defects 297:317 N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 297:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 3 67 theme older 584:588 arg1 patients 590:597 older patients 584:597 older patients 584:597 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 7 68 theme N-linked 1340:1347 arg1 disorders 1363:1371 the N-linked glycosylation disorders 1336:1371 the N-linked glycosylation disorders 1336:1371 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 12 69 theme based 2087:2091 arg1 techniques 2104:2113 mass-spectral based proteomics techniques 2073:2113 mass-spectral based proteomics techniques 2073:2113 In an era of shifting emphasis from gel- to mass-spectral based proteomics techniques, we demonstrate that 2D-DIGE remains a powerful method for studying global changes in post-translational modifications of proteins. 27134828 1 70 theme Glycosylation 148:160 arg1 group 185:189 an expanding group 172:189 an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 172:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 70 theme Glycosylation 148:160 arg1 disorders 202:210 genetic disorders 194:210 genetic disorders 194:210 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 70 theme Glycosylation 148:160 arg1 Disorders 135:143 The Congenital Disorders 120:143 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) 120:166 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 3 71 theme present 573:579 arg1 defects 565:571 complex or subtle defects 547:571 complex or subtle defects present in older patients 547:597 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 1 72 theme Congenital 124:133 arg1 group 185:189 an expanding group 172:189 an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 172:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 72 theme Congenital 124:133 arg1 disorders 202:210 genetic disorders 194:210 genetic disorders 194:210 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 72 theme Congenital 124:133 arg1 Disorders 135:143 The Congenital Disorders 120:143 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) 120:166 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 9 73 theme protein 1713:1719 arg1 analysis 1687:1694 analysis 1687:1694 analysis of more than one protein in complex cases 1687:1736 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 11 74 theme further 1955:1961 arg1 potential 1963:1971 further potential 1955:1971 further potential in monitoring patients for future treatment strategies 1955:2026 The technique has further potential in monitoring patients for future treatment strategies. 27134828 5 75 theme known 877:881 arg1 glycosylation 905:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 11 76 theme future 2000:2005 arg1 strategies 2017:2026 future treatment strategies 2000:2026 future treatment strategies 2000:2026 The technique has further potential in monitoring patients for future treatment strategies. 27134828 9 77 theme complex 1724:1730 arg1 cases 1732:1736 complex cases 1724:1736 complex cases 1724:1736 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 6 78 theme α1-acid 1156:1162 arg1 glycoproteins 1164:1176 α1-acid glycoproteins 1156:1176 α1-acid glycoproteins 1156:1176 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 4 79 theme 2D-Differential 705:719 arg1 DIGE 742:745 DIGE 742:745 DIGE 742:745 We describe a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome. 27134828 4 79 theme 2D-Differential 705:719 arg1 Electrophoresis 725:739 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis 705:739 a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome 693:812 We describe a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome. 27134828 10 80 theme global 1798:1803 arg1 glycoproteome 1805:1817 the global glycoproteome 1794:1817 the global glycoproteome 1794:1817 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 5 81 from CDG-II 854:859 arg1 samples 823:829 Patient samples 815:829 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) 815:933 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 8 82 gly glycoproteins 1484:1496 arg1 glycoproteins 1484:1496 abnormal serum glycoproteins 1469:1496 abnormal serum glycoproteins in LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1469:1549 In addition, we could identify abnormal serum glycoproteins in LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies. 27134828 8 83 theme serum 1478:1482 arg1 glycoproteins 1484:1496 abnormal serum glycoproteins 1469:1496 abnormal serum glycoproteins in LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1469:1549 In addition, we could identify abnormal serum glycoproteins in LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies. 27134828 9 84 theme glycoform 1585:1593 arg1 pattern 1595:1601 the glycoform pattern 1581:1601 the glycoform pattern 1581:1601 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 9 84 theme glycoform 1585:1593 arg1 affected 1674:1681 affected 1674:1681 are consistently affected 1657:1681 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 9 84 theme glycoform 1585:1593 arg1 varied 1606:1611 varied 1606:1611 varied 1606:1611 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 0 85 theme Glycosylation 105:117 arg1 Disorders 92:100 Congenital Disorders 81:100 Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation 81:117 Global serum glycoform profiling for the investigation of dystroglycanopathies & Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. 27134828 2 86 dep glycoproteins 454:466 arg1 transferrin 468:478 transferrin 468:478 transferrin 468:478 Initial screening of CDG is usually based on the investigation of the glycoproteins transferrin, and/or apolipoprotein CIII. 27134828 2 86 dep glycoproteins 454:466 arg1 CIII 503:506 apolipoprotein CIII 488:506 apolipoprotein CIII 488:506 Initial screening of CDG is usually based on the investigation of the glycoproteins transferrin, and/or apolipoprotein CIII. 27134828 3 87 attach present 573:579 arg2 defects 565:571 complex or subtle defects 547:571 complex or subtle defects present in older patients 547:597 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 3 87 attach present 573:579 arg1 patients 590:597 older patients 584:597 older patients 584:597 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 9 88 from analysis 1687:1694 arg1 cases 1732:1736 complex cases 1724:1736 complex cases 1724:1736 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 1 89 dep defects 311:317 arg1 latter 333:338 latter 333:338 latter 333:338 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 89 dep defects 311:317 arg1 MD 379:380 MD 379:380 MD 379:380 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 89 dep defects 311:317 arg1 dystroglycanopathies 357:376 the muscular dystroglycanopathies 344:376 the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 344:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 90 theme muscular 348:355 arg1 latter 333:338 latter 333:338 latter 333:338 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 90 theme muscular 348:355 arg1 MD 379:380 MD 379:380 MD 379:380 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 1 90 theme muscular 348:355 arg1 dystroglycanopathies 357:376 the muscular dystroglycanopathies 344:376 the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 344:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 6 91 dep demonstrated 985:996 arg1 Using 961:965 Using 961:965 Using this technique 961:980 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 0 92 theme serum 7:11 arg1 profiling 23:31 Global serum glycoform profiling 0:31 Global serum glycoform profiling for the investigation of dystroglycanopathies 0:77 Global serum glycoform profiling for the investigation of dystroglycanopathies & Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. 27134828 7 93 gly glycoform 1276:1284 arg1 inhibitor 1301:1309 C1-esterase inhibitor 1289:1309 C1-esterase inhibitor 1289:1309 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 7 93 gly glycoform 1276:1284 arg1 weight 1269:1274 a lower molecular weight 1251:1274 a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation 1251:1435 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 5 94 theme N- 891:892 arg1 glycosylation 905:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 7 95 theme weight 1269:1274 arg1 glycoform 1276:1284 a lower molecular weight glycoform 1251:1284 a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation 1251:1435 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 8 96 theme muscular 1530:1537 arg1 dystrophies 1539:1549 LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1501:1549 LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies 1501:1549 In addition, we could identify abnormal serum glycoproteins in LARGE and B3GALNT2-deficient muscular dystrophies. 27134828 4 97 theme Electrophoresis 725:739 arg1 method 748:753 a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method 693:753 a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome 693:812 We describe a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome. 27134828 3 98 from present 573:579 arg1 patients 590:597 older patients 584:597 older patients 584:597 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 5 99 theme O-linked 896:903 arg1 glycosylation 905:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 6 100 theme characteristic 998:1011 arg1 changes 1013:1019 characteristic changes 998:1019 characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2 998:1180 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 10 101 theme powerful 1840:1847 arg1 tool 1849:1852 a potentially powerful tool 1826:1852 a potentially powerful tool 1826:1852 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 2 102 theme CDG 405:407 arg1 screening 392:400 Initial screening 384:400 Initial screening of CDG 384:407 Initial screening of CDG is usually based on the investigation of the glycoproteins transferrin, and/or apolipoprotein CIII. 27134828 12 103 theme proteomics 2093:2102 arg1 techniques 2104:2113 mass-spectral based proteomics techniques 2073:2113 mass-spectral based proteomics techniques 2073:2113 In an era of shifting emphasis from gel- to mass-spectral based proteomics techniques, we demonstrate that 2D-DIGE remains a powerful method for studying global changes in post-translational modifications of proteins. 27134828 4 104 theme serum 794:798 arg1 glycoproteome 800:812 the serum glycoproteome 790:812 the serum glycoproteome 790:812 We describe a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome. 27134828 1 105 theme O-linked 302:309 arg1 defects 311:317 N- & O-linked defects 297:317 N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD) 297:381 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 27134828 3 106 from glycoproteins 652:664 arg1 cases 674:678 some cases 669:678 some cases 669:678 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 7 107 theme O-linked 1223:1230 arg1 defects 1232:1238 known N- & O-linked defects 1212:1238 known N- & O-linked defects 1212:1238 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 7 108 link N-linked 1340:1347 arg1 disorders 1363:1371 the N-linked glycosylation disorders 1336:1371 the N-linked glycosylation disorders 1336:1371 Analysis of the samples with known N- & O-linked defects identified a lower molecular weight glycoform of C1-esterase inhibitor that was not observed in the N-linked glycosylation disorders indicating the change is likely due to affected O-glycosylation. 27134828 9 109 theme CDG 1622:1624 arg1 patients 1626:1633 some CDG patients 1617:1633 some CDG patients 1617:1633 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 12 110 theme proteins 2237:2244 arg1 modifications 2220:2232 post-translational modifications 2201:2232 post-translational modifications of proteins 2201:2244 In an era of shifting emphasis from gel- to mass-spectral based proteomics techniques, we demonstrate that 2D-DIGE remains a powerful method for studying global changes in post-translational modifications of proteins. 27134828 3 111 theme additional 641:650 arg1 glycoproteins 652:664 additional glycoproteins 641:664 additional glycoproteins in some cases 641:678 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 4 112 theme global 771:776 arg1 analysis 778:785 a global analysis 769:785 a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome 769:812 We describe a sensitive 2D-Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) method that provides a global analysis of the serum glycoproteome. 27134828 9 113 gly glycoproteins 1643:1655 arg1 glycoproteins 1643:1655 not all glycoproteins 1635:1655 not all glycoproteins 1635:1655 The results demonstrate that the glycoform pattern is varied for some CDG patients not all glycoproteins are consistently affected and analysis of more than one protein in complex cases is warranted. 27134828 5 114 link O-linked 896:903 arg1 glycosylation 905:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation 877:917 Patient samples from PMM2-CDG (n = 5), CDG-II (n = 7), MD and known complex N- & O-linked glycosylation defects (n = 3) were analysed by 2D DIGE. 27134828 3 115 gly glycoproteins 652:664 arg1 glycoproteins 652:664 additional glycoproteins 641:664 additional glycoproteins in some cases 641:678 These biomarkers do not always detect complex or subtle defects present in older patients, therefore there is a need to investigate additional glycoproteins in some cases. 27134828 6 116 gly glycoproteins 1164:1176 arg1 glycoproteins 1164:1176 α1-acid glycoproteins 1156:1176 α1-acid glycoproteins 1156:1176 Using this technique we demonstrated characteristic changes in mass and charge in PMM2-CDG and in charge in CDG-II for α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and α1-acid glycoproteins 1&2. 27134828 10 117 theme complex 1888:1894 arg1 diagnosis 1896:1904 complex diagnosis 1888:1904 complex diagnosis 1888:1904 2D DIGE is an ideal method to investigate the global glycoproteome and is a potentially powerful tool and secondary test for aiding the complex diagnosis and sub classification of CDG. 27134828 1 118 theme glycosylation 242:254 arg1 defects 256:262 glycosylation defects 242:262 glycosylation defects of protein and lipids 242:284 The Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of genetic disorders which encompass a spectrum of glycosylation defects of protein and lipids, including N- & O-linked defects and among the latter are the muscular dystroglycanopathies (MD). 29287348 6 0 used used 1020:1023 arg2 results 1004:1010 These results 998:1010 These results 998:1010 These results will be used to fortify this innovative and promising product in the area of functional foods. 29287348 0 1 theme 1H 72:73 arg1 NMR 75:77 1H NMR 72:77 1H NMR 72:77 Evaluation of nutritional and chemical composition of yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE. 29287348 5 2 theme FOS 809:811 arg1 contents 797:804 the contents 793:804 the contents of FOS and CGA 793:819 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 2 3 theme fructooligosaccharides 283:304 arg1 contents 339:346 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents 283:346 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents 283:346 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. 29287348 6 4 theme innovative 1041:1050 arg1 product 1066:1072 this innovative and promising product 1036:1072 this innovative and promising product 1036:1072 These results will be used to fortify this innovative and promising product in the area of functional foods. 29287348 2 5 from effect 223:228 arg1 contents 339:346 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents 283:346 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents 283:346 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. 29287348 2 6 theme chlorogenic 316:326 arg1 CGA 334:336 CGA 334:336 CGA 334:336 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. 29287348 2 6 theme chlorogenic 316:326 arg1 acid 328:331 chlorogenic acid 316:331 chlorogenic acid (CGA) 316:337 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. 29287348 2 7 theme production 269:278 arg1 stages 247:252 the different stages 233:252 the different stages of yacon syrup production 233:278 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. 29287348 1 8 theme analytical 163:172 arg1 UPLC-QTOF-MSE 204:216 UPLC-QTOF-MSE 204:216 UPLC-QTOF-MSE 204:216 A complete characterization of yacon syrup was performed by analytical techniques, including NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MSE. 29287348 1 8 theme analytical 163:172 arg1 techniques 174:183 analytical techniques 163:183 analytical techniques 163:183 A complete characterization of yacon syrup was performed by analytical techniques, including NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MSE. 29287348 1 8 theme analytical 163:172 arg1 NMR 196:198 NMR 196:198 NMR 196:198 A complete characterization of yacon syrup was performed by analytical techniques, including NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MSE. 29287348 5 9 dep pulping 844:850 arg1 enzymatic 853:861 enzymatic 853:861 enzymatic 853:861 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 2 10 theme syrup 263:267 arg1 production 269:278 yacon syrup production 257:278 yacon syrup production 257:278 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. 29287348 3 11 theme amino 485:489 arg1 acids 491:495 essential amino acids 475:495 essential amino acids 475:495 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 5 12 theme different 723:731 arg1 stages 733:738 the different stages 719:738 the different stages of yacon syrup production 719:764 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 4 13 attach derived 661:667 arg2 phenolics 651:659 phenolics 651:659 phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids 651:704 Twenty-five compounds were putatively identified, and the main compounds were phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids. 29287348 4 13 attach derived 661:667 arg1 acids 700:704 quinic and trans-cinnamic acids 674:704 quinic and trans-cinnamic acids 674:704 Twenty-five compounds were putatively identified, and the main compounds were phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids. 29287348 4 13 attach derived 661:667 arg2 compounds 636:644 the main compounds 627:644 the main compounds 627:644 Twenty-five compounds were putatively identified, and the main compounds were phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids. 29287348 4 14 theme main 631:634 arg1 phenolics 651:659 phenolics 651:659 phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids 651:704 Twenty-five compounds were putatively identified, and the main compounds were phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids. 29287348 4 14 theme main 631:634 arg1 compounds 636:644 the main compounds 627:644 the main compounds 627:644 Twenty-five compounds were putatively identified, and the main compounds were phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids. 29287348 3 15 theme higher 397:402 arg1 levels 404:409 higher levels 397:409 higher levels of FOS and CGA 397:424 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 5 16 theme production 755:764 arg1 stages 733:738 the different stages 719:738 the different stages of yacon syrup production 719:764 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 6 17 theme foods 1100:1104 arg1 area 1081:1084 the area 1077:1084 the area of functional foods 1077:1104 These results will be used to fortify this innovative and promising product in the area of functional foods. 29287348 5 18 theme pulping 844:850 arg1 maceration 863:872 the pulping, enzymatic maceration 840:872 the pulping, enzymatic maceration 840:872 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 3 19 theme CGA 422:424 arg1 levels 404:409 higher levels 397:409 higher levels of FOS and CGA 397:424 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 0 20 theme nutritional 14:24 arg1 composition 39:49 nutritional and chemical composition 14:49 nutritional and chemical composition of yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE 14:100 Evaluation of nutritional and chemical composition of yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE. 29287348 6 21 theme promising 1056:1064 arg1 product 1066:1072 this innovative and promising product 1036:1072 this innovative and promising product 1036:1072 These results will be used to fortify this innovative and promising product in the area of functional foods. 29287348 3 22 theme essential 475:483 arg1 acids 491:495 essential amino acids 475:495 essential amino acids 475:495 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 5 23 from concentration 908:920 arg1 stage 954:958 the last stage 945:958 the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration) 945:995 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 5 24 theme syrup 749:753 arg1 production 755:764 yacon syrup production 743:764 yacon syrup production 743:764 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 0 25 theme composition 39:49 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of nutritional and chemical composition of yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE. 0:101 Evaluation of nutritional and chemical composition of yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE. 29287348 5 26 theme processing 963:972 arg1 stage 954:958 the last stage 945:958 the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration) 945:995 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 3 27 theme FOS 414:416 arg1 levels 404:409 higher levels 397:409 higher levels of FOS and CGA 397:424 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 0 28 theme chemical 30:37 arg1 composition 39:49 nutritional and chemical composition 14:49 nutritional and chemical composition of yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE 14:100 Evaluation of nutritional and chemical composition of yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE. 29287348 0 29 theme yacon 54:58 arg1 syrup 60:64 yacon syrup 54:64 yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE 54:100 Evaluation of nutritional and chemical composition of yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE. 29287348 5 30 theme vacuum 975:980 arg1 processing 963:972 processing 963:972 processing (vacuum concentration) 963:995 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 5 30 theme vacuum 975:980 arg1 concentration 982:994 vacuum concentration 975:994 vacuum concentration 975:994 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 1 31 theme complete 105:112 arg1 characterization 114:129 A complete characterization 103:129 A complete characterization of yacon syrup 103:144 A complete characterization of yacon syrup was performed by analytical techniques, including NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MSE. 29287348 5 32 theme components 931:940 arg1 concentration 908:920 a concentration 906:920 a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration) 906:995 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 5 33 theme CGA 817:819 arg1 contents 797:804 the contents 793:804 the contents of FOS and CGA 793:819 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 6 34 theme functional 1089:1098 arg1 foods 1100:1104 functional foods 1089:1104 functional foods 1089:1104 These results will be used to fortify this innovative and promising product in the area of functional foods. 29287348 2 35 theme yacon 257:261 arg1 production 269:278 yacon syrup production 257:278 yacon syrup production 257:278 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. 29287348 2 36 theme acid 328:331 arg1 contents 339:346 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents 283:346 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents 283:346 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. 29287348 4 37 theme quinic 674:679 arg1 acids 700:704 quinic and trans-cinnamic acids 674:704 quinic and trans-cinnamic acids 674:704 Twenty-five compounds were putatively identified, and the main compounds were phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids. 29287348 5 38 theme last 949:952 arg1 stage 954:958 the last stage 945:958 the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration) 945:995 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 4 39 theme trans-cinnamic 685:698 arg1 acids 700:704 quinic and trans-cinnamic acids 674:704 quinic and trans-cinnamic acids 674:704 Twenty-five compounds were putatively identified, and the main compounds were phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids. 29287348 1 40 theme yacon 134:138 arg1 syrup 140:144 yacon syrup 134:144 yacon syrup 134:144 A complete characterization of yacon syrup was performed by analytical techniques, including NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MSE. 29287348 3 41 theme yacon 560:564 arg1 syrup 566:570 yacon syrup 560:570 yacon syrup 560:570 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 2 42 theme stages 247:252 arg1 effect 223:228 The effect 219:228 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents 219:346 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. 29287348 5 43 theme yacon 743:747 arg1 production 755:764 yacon syrup production 743:764 yacon syrup production 743:764 Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). 29287348 1 44 theme syrup 140:144 arg1 characterization 114:129 A complete characterization 103:129 A complete characterization of yacon syrup 103:144 A complete characterization of yacon syrup was performed by analytical techniques, including NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MSE. 29287348 3 45 theme mineral 432:438 arg1 threonine 530:538 threonine 530:538 threonine 530:538 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 3 45 theme mineral 432:438 arg1 tryptophan 506:515 tryptophan 506:515 tryptophan 506:515 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 3 45 theme mineral 432:438 arg1 K 458:458 K 458:458 K 458:458 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 3 45 theme mineral 432:438 arg1 result 374:379 a result 372:379 a result 372:379 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 3 45 theme mineral 432:438 arg1 acids 491:495 essential amino acids 475:495 essential amino acids 475:495 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 3 45 theme mineral 432:438 arg1 elements 440:447 some mineral elements 427:447 some mineral elements 427:447 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 3 45 theme mineral 432:438 arg1 valine 518:523 valine 518:523 valine 518:523 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 3 45 theme mineral 432:438 arg1 Ca 461:462 Ca 461:462 Ca 461:462 As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. 29287348 0 46 theme syrup 60:64 arg1 composition 39:49 nutritional and chemical composition 14:49 nutritional and chemical composition of yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE 14:100 Evaluation of nutritional and chemical composition of yacon syrup using 1H NMR and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE. 29287348 2 47 theme different 237:245 arg1 stages 247:252 the different stages 233:252 the different stages of yacon syrup production 233:278 The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. 29287348 4 48 theme Twenty-five 573:583 arg1 compounds 585:593 Twenty-five compounds 573:593 Twenty-five compounds 573:593 Twenty-five compounds were putatively identified, and the main compounds were phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids. 28888593 7 0 from weight 1134:1139 arg1 cows 1182:1185 cows 1182:1185 cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments 1182:1242 Lower body weight, probably caused by lower rumen fill, in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments indicated that intake was regulated physiologically instead of physically. 28888593 9 1 theme grass 1632:1636 arg1 species 1638:1644 all other grass species 1622:1644 all other grass species 1622:1644 Across all other grass species, ECM was related to OMD. 28888593 6 2 theme higher 1088:1093 arg1 yield 1100:1104 higher milk yield 1088:1104 higher milk yield than red clover 1088:1120 No differences in DM intake and milk composition were detected between cows fed red clover and white clover, but white clover resulted in higher milk yield than red clover. 28888593 8 3 theme milk 1475:1478 arg1 ECM 1481:1483 ECM 1481:1483 ECM 1481:1483 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 3 theme milk 1475:1478 arg1 amount 1448:1453 the expected amount 1435:1453 the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) 1435:1484 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 3 theme milk 1475:1478 arg1 milk 1475:1478 energy-corrected milk 1458:1478 energy-corrected milk (ECM) 1458:1484 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 1 4 from behavior 265:272 arg1 cows 283:286 dairy cows 277:286 dairy cows 277:286 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 11 5 theme degradation 1828:1838 arg1 parameters 1848:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters 1814:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters 1814:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters indicated that fiber in festulolium differed compared with fiber in the other grass species and resembled fiber in clover. 28888593 7 6 theme white 1196:1200 arg1 clover 1202:1207 pure white clover 1191:1207 pure white clover 1191:1207 Lower body weight, probably caused by lower rumen fill, in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments indicated that intake was regulated physiologically instead of physically. 28888593 3 7 theme square 603:608 arg1 design 610:615 an incomplete Latin square design 583:615 an incomplete Latin square design 583:615 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 7 8 dep physiologically 1280:1294 arg1 instead 1296:1302 instead 1296:1302 instead 1296:1302 Lower body weight, probably caused by lower rumen fill, in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments indicated that intake was regulated physiologically instead of physically. 28888593 7 9 theme other 1227:1231 arg1 treatments 1233:1242 the other treatments 1223:1242 the other treatments 1223:1242 Lower body weight, probably caused by lower rumen fill, in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments indicated that intake was regulated physiologically instead of physically. 28888593 4 10 theme DM 721:722 arg1 basis 724:728 DM basis 721:728 DM basis 721:728 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 10 11 theme grass 1799:1803 arg1 silages 1805:1811 the grass silages 1795:1811 the grass silages 1795:1811 Inclusion of 50% clover in the diet increased ECM with 2.3 kg/d, and the response to OMD was comparable to the response for the grass silages. 28888593 1 12 from production 242:251 arg1 cows 283:286 dairy cows 277:286 dairy cows 277:286 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 3 13 theme Holstein 487:494 arg1 cows 496:499 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows 469:499 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows 469:499 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 1 14 theme different 171:179 arg1 grass 181:185 different grass and clover species 171:204 grass 181:185 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 6 15 theme DM 968:969 arg1 intake 971:976 DM intake 968:976 DM intake 968:976 No differences in DM intake and milk composition were detected between cows fed red clover and white clover, but white clover resulted in higher milk yield than red clover. 28888593 3 16 contain containing 546:555 arg1 rations 538:544 total mixed rations 526:544 total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design 526:615 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 3 16 contain containing 546:555 arg2 % 559:559 70% 557:559 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design 557:615 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 11 17 dep In 1814:1815 arg1 situ 1817:1820 situ 1817:1820 situ 1817:1820 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters indicated that fiber in festulolium differed compared with fiber in the other grass species and resembled fiber in clover. 28888593 10 18 theme % 1686:1686 arg1 clover 1688:1693 50% clover 1684:1693 50% clover 1684:1693 Inclusion of 50% clover in the diet increased ECM with 2.3 kg/d, and the response to OMD was comparable to the response for the grass silages. 28888593 13 19 theme white 2177:2181 arg1 clover 2183:2188 pure white clover 2172:2188 pure white clover 2172:2188 Water intake per drinking bout was comparable among treatments, but cows fed pure white clover had higher drinking bout duration and reduced drinking rate. 28888593 3 20 theme Thirty-six 469:478 arg1 cows 496:499 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows 469:499 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows 469:499 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 4 21 dep silage 698:703 arg1 50:50 712:716 50:50 712:716 50:50 on DM basis 712:728 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 0 22 theme dairy 124:128 arg1 cows 130:133 dairy cows 124:133 dairy cows 124:133 Digestibility and clover proportion determine milk production when silages of different grass and clover species are fed to dairy cows. 28888593 3 23 theme ad 510:511 arg1 libitum 513:519 ad libitum 510:519 ad libitum 510:519 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 1 24 theme species 198:204 arg1 silages 160:166 silages 160:166 silages of different grass and clover species 160:204 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 14 25 theme pure 2300:2303 arg1 clover 2311:2316 pure white clover 2300:2316 pure white clover 2300:2316 Additionally, meal size was smaller for cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments, for which meal size was similar. 28888593 12 26 theme pure 2041:2044 arg1 clover 2052:2057 pure white clover 2041:2057 pure white clover 2041:2057 Drinking and eating behavior differed markedly in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments. 28888593 7 27 theme lower 1161:1165 arg1 fill 1173:1176 lower rumen fill 1161:1176 lower rumen fill 1161:1176 Lower body weight, probably caused by lower rumen fill, in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments indicated that intake was regulated physiologically instead of physically. 28888593 6 28 theme red 1111:1113 arg1 clover 1115:1120 red clover 1111:1120 red clover 1111:1120 No differences in DM intake and milk composition were detected between cows fed red clover and white clover, but white clover resulted in higher milk yield than red clover. 28888593 15 29 theme different 2429:2437 arg1 species 2445:2451 different grass species 2429:2451 different grass species 2429:2451 In conclusion, differences in ECM between different grass species can be explained by differences in OMD, and at a given OMD level inclusion of clover in the diet increased ECM. 28888593 4 30 theme white 757:761 arg1 silage 770:775 white clover silage 757:775 white clover silage 757:775 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 6 31 theme red 1030:1032 arg1 clover 1034:1039 red clover 1030:1039 red clover 1030:1039 No differences in DM intake and milk composition were detected between cows fed red clover and white clover, but white clover resulted in higher milk yield than red clover. 28888593 3 32 theme mixed 532:536 arg1 rations 538:544 total mixed rations 526:544 total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design 526:615 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 8 33 theme OM 1544:1545 arg1 OM 1544:1545 OM 1544:1545 OM 1544:1545 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 33 theme OM 1544:1545 arg1 amount 1534:1539 the amount 1530:1539 the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract 1530:1584 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 15 34 from inclusion 2518:2526 arg1 diet 2545:2548 the diet 2541:2548 the diet 2541:2548 In conclusion, differences in ECM between different grass species can be explained by differences in OMD, and at a given OMD level inclusion of clover in the diet increased ECM. 28888593 2 35 theme clover 406:411 arg1 swards 413:418 white clover swards 400:418 white clover swards 400:418 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 0 36 theme different 78:86 arg1 grass 88:92 different grass and clover species 78:111 grass 88:92 Digestibility and clover proportion determine milk production when silages of different grass and clover species are fed to dairy cows. 28888593 8 37 theme gastrointestinal 1563:1578 arg1 tract 1580:1584 the gastrointestinal tract 1559:1584 the gastrointestinal tract 1559:1584 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 15 38 theme grass 2439:2443 arg1 species 2445:2451 different grass species 2429:2451 different grass species 2429:2451 In conclusion, differences in ECM between different grass species can be explained by differences in OMD, and at a given OMD level inclusion of clover in the diet increased ECM. 28888593 11 39 theme other 1931:1935 arg1 species 1943:1949 the other grass species 1927:1949 the other grass species 1927:1949 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters indicated that fiber in festulolium differed compared with fiber in the other grass species and resembled fiber in clover. 28888593 15 40 from differences 2402:2412 arg1 ECM 2417:2419 ECM 2417:2419 ECM 2417:2419 In conclusion, differences in ECM between different grass species can be explained by differences in OMD, and at a given OMD level inclusion of clover in the diet increased ECM. 28888593 2 41 dep ryegrass 321:328 arg1 early 331:335 early 331:335 early 331:335 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 2 41 dep ryegrass 321:328 arg1 harvested 346:354 harvested 346:354 harvested 346:354 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 0 42 theme species 105:111 arg1 silages 67:73 silages 67:73 silages of different grass and clover species 67:111 Digestibility and clover proportion determine milk production when silages of different grass and clover species are fed to dairy cows. 28888593 4 43 from 50:50 712:716 arg1 basis 724:728 DM basis 721:728 DM basis 721:728 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 5 44 theme milk 808:811 arg1 concentration 821:833 milk lactose concentration 808:833 milk lactose concentration 808:833 Intake of DM, milk yield, and milk lactose concentration were higher, whereas milk fat and protein concentrations were lower when cows were fed clover compared with grass. 28888593 1 45 theme milk 237:240 arg1 production 242:251 milk production 237:251 milk production 237:251 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 5 46 theme DM 788:789 arg1 concentration 821:833 milk lactose concentration 808:833 milk lactose concentration 808:833 Intake of DM, milk yield, and milk lactose concentration were higher, whereas milk fat and protein concentrations were lower when cows were fed clover compared with grass. 28888593 5 46 theme DM 788:789 arg1 yield 797:801 milk yield 792:801 milk yield 792:801 Intake of DM, milk yield, and milk lactose concentration were higher, whereas milk fat and protein concentrations were lower when cows were fed clover compared with grass. 28888593 5 46 theme DM 788:789 arg1 Intake 778:783 Intake 778:783 Intake of DM 778:789 Intake of DM, milk yield, and milk lactose concentration were higher, whereas milk fat and protein concentrations were lower when cows were fed clover compared with grass. 28888593 7 47 theme Lower 1123:1127 arg1 weight 1134:1139 Lower body weight 1123:1139 Lower body weight 1123:1139 Lower body weight, probably caused by lower rumen fill, in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments indicated that intake was regulated physiologically instead of physically. 28888593 2 48 theme tall 371:374 arg1 fescue 376:381 tall fescue 371:381 tall fescue 371:381 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 8 49 theme perennial 1334:1342 arg1 ryegrass 1344:1351 early perennial ryegrass 1328:1351 early perennial ryegrass 1328:1351 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 2 50 theme festulolium 358:368 arg1 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 2 50 theme festulolium 358:368 arg1 growth 301:306 The primary growth 289:306 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards 289:418 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 14 51 theme other 2336:2340 arg1 treatments 2342:2351 the other treatments 2332:2351 the other treatments 2332:2351 Additionally, meal size was smaller for cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments, for which meal size was similar. 28888593 15 52 theme clover 2531:2536 arg1 inclusion 2518:2526 inclusion 2518:2526 inclusion of clover in the diet 2518:2548 In conclusion, differences in ECM between different grass species can be explained by differences in OMD, and at a given OMD level inclusion of clover in the diet increased ECM. 28888593 5 53 theme milk 792:795 arg1 yield 797:801 milk yield 792:801 milk yield 792:801 Intake of DM, milk yield, and milk lactose concentration were higher, whereas milk fat and protein concentrations were lower when cows were fed clover compared with grass. 28888593 4 54 theme ryegrass 689:696 arg1 silage 698:703 late perennial ryegrass silage mixed 674:709 late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) 674:729 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 1 55 theme eating 258:263 arg1 behavior 265:272 eating behavior 258:272 eating behavior 258:272 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 2 56 theme clover 388:393 arg1 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 2 56 theme clover 388:393 arg1 growth 301:306 The primary growth 289:306 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards 289:418 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 4 57 theme mixed 705:709 arg1 silage 698:703 late perennial ryegrass silage mixed 674:709 late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) 674:729 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 2 58 theme primary 293:299 arg1 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 2 58 theme primary 293:299 arg1 growth 301:306 The primary growth 289:306 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards 289:418 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 6 59 theme white 1063:1067 arg1 clover 1069:1074 white clover 1063:1074 white clover 1063:1074 No differences in DM intake and milk composition were detected between cows fed red clover and white clover, but white clover resulted in higher milk yield than red clover. 28888593 8 60 theme highest 1368:1374 arg1 digestibility 1398:1410 silage organic matter digestibility 1376:1410 the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD) 1364:1416 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 60 theme highest 1368:1374 arg1 OMD 1413:1415 OMD 1413:1415 OMD 1413:1415 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 11 61 from fiber 1918:1922 arg1 species 1943:1949 the other grass species 1927:1949 the other grass species 1927:1949 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters indicated that fiber in festulolium differed compared with fiber in the other grass species and resembled fiber in clover. 28888593 4 62 theme silages 663:669 arg1 silages 663:669 the 6 pure silages 652:669 the 6 pure silages 652:669 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 4 62 theme silages 663:669 arg1 1 647:647 1 647:647 1 647:647 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 4 62 theme silages 663:669 arg1 source 629:634 The forage source 618:634 The forage source 618:634 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 2 63 dep harvested 346:354 arg1 late 341:344 late 341:344 late 341:344 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 8 64 theme organic 1383:1389 arg1 digestibility 1398:1410 silage organic matter digestibility 1376:1410 the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD) 1364:1416 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 64 theme organic 1383:1389 arg1 OMD 1413:1415 OMD 1413:1415 OMD 1413:1415 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 4 65 theme late 674:677 arg1 silage 698:703 late perennial ryegrass silage mixed 674:709 late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) 674:729 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 2 66 theme ryegrass 321:328 arg1 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 2 66 theme ryegrass 321:328 arg1 growth 301:306 The primary growth 289:306 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards 289:418 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 1 67 theme matter 217:222 arg1 intake 229:234 dry matter (DM) intake 213:234 dry matter (DM) intake 213:234 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 0 68 dep Digestibility 0:12 arg1 proportion 25:34 proportion 25:34 proportion 25:34 Digestibility and clover proportion determine milk production when silages of different grass and clover species are fed to dairy cows. 28888593 9 69 theme other 1626:1630 arg1 species 1638:1644 all other grass species 1622:1644 all other grass species 1622:1644 Across all other grass species, ECM was related to OMD. 28888593 3 70 theme Latin 597:601 arg1 design 610:615 an incomplete Latin square design 583:615 an incomplete Latin square design 583:615 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 6 71 theme milk 1095:1098 arg1 yield 1100:1104 higher milk yield 1088:1104 higher milk yield than red clover 1088:1120 No differences in DM intake and milk composition were detected between cows fed red clover and white clover, but white clover resulted in higher milk yield than red clover. 28888593 1 72 theme DM 225:226 arg1 intake 229:234 dry matter (DM) intake 213:234 dry matter (DM) intake 213:234 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 11 73 theme In 1814:1815 arg1 parameters 1848:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters 1814:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters 1814:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters indicated that fiber in festulolium differed compared with fiber in the other grass species and resembled fiber in clover. 28888593 13 74 theme pure 2172:2175 arg1 clover 2183:2188 pure white clover 2172:2188 pure white clover 2172:2188 Water intake per drinking bout was comparable among treatments, but cows fed pure white clover had higher drinking bout duration and reduced drinking rate. 28888593 13 75 theme drinking 2236:2243 arg1 rate 2245:2248 drinking rate 2236:2248 drinking rate 2236:2248 Water intake per drinking bout was comparable among treatments, but cows fed pure white clover had higher drinking bout duration and reduced drinking rate. 28888593 8 76 theme energy-corrected 1458:1473 arg1 ECM 1481:1483 ECM 1481:1483 ECM 1481:1483 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 76 theme energy-corrected 1458:1473 arg1 milk 1475:1478 energy-corrected milk 1458:1478 energy-corrected milk (ECM) 1458:1484 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 13 77 theme higher 2194:2199 arg1 duration 2215:2222 higher drinking bout duration 2194:2222 higher drinking bout duration 2194:2222 Water intake per drinking bout was comparable among treatments, but cows fed pure white clover had higher drinking bout duration and reduced drinking rate. 28888593 11 78 theme profile 1840:1846 arg1 parameters 1848:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters 1814:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters 1814:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters indicated that fiber in festulolium differed compared with fiber in the other grass species and resembled fiber in clover. 28888593 6 79 theme milk 982:985 arg1 composition 987:997 milk composition 982:997 milk composition 982:997 No differences in DM intake and milk composition were detected between cows fed red clover and white clover, but white clover resulted in higher milk yield than red clover. 28888593 11 80 from fiber 1874:1878 arg1 festulolium 1883:1893 festulolium 1883:1893 festulolium 1883:1893 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters indicated that fiber in festulolium differed compared with fiber in the other grass species and resembled fiber in clover. 28888593 13 81 theme bout 2210:2213 arg1 duration 2215:2222 higher drinking bout duration 2194:2222 higher drinking bout duration 2194:2222 Water intake per drinking bout was comparable among treatments, but cows fed pure white clover had higher drinking bout duration and reduced drinking rate. 28888593 3 82 theme Danish 480:485 arg1 cows 496:499 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows 469:499 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows 469:499 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 11 83 theme fiber 1822:1826 arg1 parameters 1848:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters 1814:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters 1814:1857 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters indicated that fiber in festulolium differed compared with fiber in the other grass species and resembled fiber in clover. 28888593 7 84 theme pure 1191:1194 arg1 clover 1202:1207 pure white clover 1191:1207 pure white clover 1191:1207 Lower body weight, probably caused by lower rumen fill, in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments indicated that intake was regulated physiologically instead of physically. 28888593 10 85 theme clover 1688:1693 arg1 Inclusion 1671:1679 Inclusion 1671:1679 Inclusion of 50% clover in the diet 1671:1705 Inclusion of 50% clover in the diet increased ECM with 2.3 kg/d, and the response to OMD was comparable to the response for the grass silages. 28888593 1 86 from intake 229:234 arg1 cows 283:286 dairy cows 277:286 dairy cows 277:286 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 13 87 theme Water 2095:2099 arg1 intake 2101:2106 Water intake 2095:2106 Water intake per drinking bout 2095:2124 Water intake per drinking bout was comparable among treatments, but cows fed pure white clover had higher drinking bout duration and reduced drinking rate. 28888593 13 88 theme drinking 2201:2208 arg1 duration 2215:2222 higher drinking bout duration 2194:2222 higher drinking bout duration 2194:2222 Water intake per drinking bout was comparable among treatments, but cows fed pure white clover had higher drinking bout duration and reduced drinking rate. 28888593 1 89 theme grass 181:185 arg1 silages 160:166 silages 160:166 silages of different grass and clover species 160:204 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 4 90 theme clover 763:768 arg1 silage 770:775 white clover silage 757:775 white clover silage 757:775 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 5 91 dep higher 840:845 arg1 whereas 848:854 whereas 848:854 whereas 848:854 Intake of DM, milk yield, and milk lactose concentration were higher, whereas milk fat and protein concentrations were lower when cows were fed clover compared with grass. 28888593 10 92 theme 50 1684:1685 arg1 % 1686:1686 % 1686:1686 % 1686:1686 Inclusion of 50% clover in the diet increased ECM with 2.3 kg/d, and the response to OMD was comparable to the response for the grass silages. 28888593 8 93 theme other 1504:1508 arg1 treatments 1510:1519 the other treatments 1500:1519 the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract 1500:1584 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 1 94 theme clover 191:196 arg1 species 198:204 different grass and clover species 171:204 species 198:204 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 14 95 theme white 2305:2309 arg1 clover 2311:2316 pure white clover 2300:2316 pure white clover 2300:2316 Additionally, meal size was smaller for cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments, for which meal size was similar. 28888593 12 96 theme white 2046:2050 arg1 clover 2052:2057 pure white clover 2041:2057 pure white clover 2041:2057 Drinking and eating behavior differed markedly in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments. 28888593 6 97 theme white 1045:1049 arg1 clover 1051:1056 white clover 1045:1056 white clover 1045:1056 No differences in DM intake and milk composition were detected between cows fed red clover and white clover, but white clover resulted in higher milk yield than red clover. 28888593 10 98 from Inclusion 1671:1679 arg1 diet 1702:1705 the diet 1698:1705 the diet 1698:1705 Inclusion of 50% clover in the diet increased ECM with 2.3 kg/d, and the response to OMD was comparable to the response for the grass silages. 28888593 4 99 theme red 743:745 arg1 clover 747:752 red clover 743:752 red clover 743:752 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 7 100 theme rumen 1167:1171 arg1 fill 1173:1176 lower rumen fill 1161:1176 lower rumen fill 1161:1176 Lower body weight, probably caused by lower rumen fill, in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments indicated that intake was regulated physiologically instead of physically. 28888593 8 101 contain had 1360:1362 arg2 OMD 1413:1415 OMD 1413:1415 OMD 1413:1415 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 101 contain had 1360:1362 arg1 ryegrass 1344:1351 early perennial ryegrass 1328:1351 early perennial ryegrass 1328:1351 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 101 contain had 1360:1362 arg2 digestibility 1398:1410 silage organic matter digestibility 1376:1410 the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD) 1364:1416 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 5 102 theme protein 869:875 arg1 concentrations 877:890 protein concentrations 869:890 protein concentrations 869:890 Intake of DM, milk yield, and milk lactose concentration were higher, whereas milk fat and protein concentrations were lower when cows were fed clover compared with grass. 28888593 3 103 theme total 526:530 arg1 rations 538:544 total mixed rations 526:544 total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design 526:615 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 15 104 theme OMD 2508:2510 arg1 level 2512:2516 a given OMD level 2500:2516 a given OMD level 2500:2516 In conclusion, differences in ECM between different grass species can be explained by differences in OMD, and at a given OMD level inclusion of clover in the diet increased ECM. 28888593 2 105 theme swards 413:418 arg1 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 2 105 theme swards 413:418 arg1 growth 301:306 The primary growth 289:306 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards 289:418 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 15 106 from differences 2473:2483 arg1 OMD 2488:2490 OMD 2488:2490 OMD 2488:2490 In conclusion, differences in ECM between different grass species can be explained by differences in OMD, and at a given OMD level inclusion of clover in the diet increased ECM. 28888593 0 107 theme grass 88:92 arg1 silages 67:73 silages 67:73 silages of different grass and clover species 67:111 Digestibility and clover proportion determine milk production when silages of different grass and clover species are fed to dairy cows. 28888593 14 108 theme meal 2265:2268 arg1 size 2270:2273 meal size 2265:2273 meal size 2265:2273 Additionally, meal size was smaller for cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments, for which meal size was similar. 28888593 2 109 theme white 400:404 arg1 swards 413:418 white clover swards 400:418 white clover swards 400:418 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 12 110 theme eating 1995:2000 arg1 behavior 2002:2009 eating behavior 1995:2009 eating behavior 1995:2009 Drinking and eating behavior differed markedly in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments. 28888593 0 111 theme clover 98:103 arg1 species 105:111 different grass and clover species 78:111 species 105:111 Digestibility and clover proportion determine milk production when silages of different grass and clover species are fed to dairy cows. 28888593 13 112 dep fed 2168:2170 arg1 reduced 2228:2234 reduced 2228:2234 reduced drinking rate 2228:2248 Water intake per drinking bout was comparable among treatments, but cows fed pure white clover had higher drinking bout duration and reduced drinking rate. 28888593 13 112 dep fed 2168:2170 arg1 had 2190:2192 had 2190:2192 had higher drinking bout duration 2190:2222 Water intake per drinking bout was comparable among treatments, but cows fed pure white clover had higher drinking bout duration and reduced drinking rate. 28888593 15 113 theme given 2502:2506 arg1 level 2512:2516 a given OMD level 2500:2516 a given OMD level 2500:2516 In conclusion, differences in ECM between different grass species can be explained by differences in OMD, and at a given OMD level inclusion of clover in the diet increased ECM. 28888593 7 114 theme body 1129:1132 arg1 weight 1134:1139 Lower body weight 1123:1139 Lower body weight 1123:1139 Lower body weight, probably caused by lower rumen fill, in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments indicated that intake was regulated physiologically instead of physically. 28888593 11 115 theme grass 1937:1941 arg1 species 1943:1949 the other grass species 1927:1949 the other grass species 1927:1949 In situ fiber degradation profile parameters indicated that fiber in festulolium differed compared with fiber in the other grass species and resembled fiber in clover. 28888593 8 116 theme early 1328:1332 arg1 ryegrass 1344:1351 early perennial ryegrass 1328:1351 early perennial ryegrass 1328:1351 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 12 117 theme other 2077:2081 arg1 treatments 2083:2092 the other treatments 2073:2092 the other treatments 2073:2092 Drinking and eating behavior differed markedly in cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments. 28888593 2 118 theme fescue 376:381 arg1 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 cut 425:427 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 2 118 theme fescue 376:381 arg1 growth 301:306 The primary growth 289:306 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards 289:418 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 4 119 theme forage 622:627 arg1 source 629:634 The forage source 618:634 The forage source 618:634 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 4 119 theme forage 622:627 arg1 1 647:647 1 647:647 1 647:647 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 4 119 theme forage 622:627 arg1 silages 663:669 the 6 pure silages 652:669 the 6 pure silages 652:669 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 13 120 theme drinking 2112:2119 arg1 bout 2121:2124 drinking bout 2112:2124 drinking bout 2112:2124 Water intake per drinking bout was comparable among treatments, but cows fed pure white clover had higher drinking bout duration and reduced drinking rate. 28888593 0 121 theme milk 46:49 arg1 production 51:60 milk production 46:60 milk production 46:60 Digestibility and clover proportion determine milk production when silages of different grass and clover species are fed to dairy cows. 28888593 4 122 theme perennial 679:687 arg1 silage 698:703 late perennial ryegrass silage mixed 674:709 late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) 674:729 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 5 123 theme milk 856:859 arg1 fat 861:863 milk fat 856:863 milk fat 856:863 Intake of DM, milk yield, and milk lactose concentration were higher, whereas milk fat and protein concentrations were lower when cows were fed clover compared with grass. 28888593 2 124 theme red 384:386 arg1 clover 388:393 red clover 384:393 red clover 384:393 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 8 125 theme silage 1376:1381 arg1 digestibility 1398:1410 silage organic matter digestibility 1376:1410 the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD) 1364:1416 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 125 theme silage 1376:1381 arg1 OMD 1413:1415 OMD 1413:1415 OMD 1413:1415 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 3 126 theme DM 571:572 arg1 basis 574:578 DM basis 571:578 DM basis 571:578 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 6 127 from differences 953:963 arg1 intake 971:976 DM intake 968:976 DM intake 968:976 No differences in DM intake and milk composition were detected between cows fed red clover and white clover, but white clover resulted in higher milk yield than red clover. 28888593 6 127 from differences 953:963 arg1 composition 987:997 milk composition 982:997 milk composition 982:997 No differences in DM intake and milk composition were detected between cows fed red clover and white clover, but white clover resulted in higher milk yield than red clover. 28888593 1 128 theme dairy 277:281 arg1 cows 283:286 dairy cows 277:286 dairy cows 277:286 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 5 129 theme lactose 813:819 arg1 concentration 821:833 milk lactose concentration 808:833 milk lactose concentration 808:833 Intake of DM, milk yield, and milk lactose concentration were higher, whereas milk fat and protein concentrations were lower when cows were fed clover compared with grass. 28888593 14 130 theme meal 2364:2367 arg1 size 2369:2372 meal size 2364:2372 meal size 2364:2372 Additionally, meal size was smaller for cows fed pure white clover compared with the other treatments, for which meal size was similar. 28888593 8 131 theme matter 1391:1396 arg1 digestibility 1398:1410 silage organic matter digestibility 1376:1410 the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD) 1364:1416 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 131 theme matter 1391:1396 arg1 OMD 1413:1415 OMD 1413:1415 OMD 1413:1415 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 4 132 theme pure 658:661 arg1 silages 663:669 the 6 pure silages 652:669 the 6 pure silages 652:669 The forage source was either 1 of the 6 pure silages or late perennial ryegrass silage mixed (50:50 on DM basis) with either red clover or white clover silage. 28888593 8 133 theme expected 1439:1446 arg1 ECM 1481:1483 ECM 1481:1483 ECM 1481:1483 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 133 theme expected 1439:1446 arg1 amount 1448:1453 the expected amount 1435:1453 the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) 1435:1484 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 8 133 theme expected 1439:1446 arg1 milk 1475:1478 energy-corrected milk 1458:1478 energy-corrected milk (ECM) 1458:1484 Cows fed early perennial ryegrass, which had the highest silage organic matter digestibility (OMD), did not produce the expected amount of energy-corrected milk (ECM) compared with the other treatments based on the amount of OM digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but the reason was unclear. 28888593 1 134 theme dry 213:215 arg1 intake 229:234 dry matter (DM) intake 213:234 dry matter (DM) intake 213:234 This study examined how silages of different grass and clover species affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and eating behavior in dairy cows. 28888593 3 135 theme incomplete 586:595 arg1 design 610:615 an incomplete Latin square design 583:615 an incomplete Latin square design 583:615 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28888593 2 136 theme perennial 311:319 arg1 ryegrass 321:328 perennial ryegrass 311:328 perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested) 311:355 The primary growth of perennial ryegrass (early and late harvested), festulolium, tall fescue, red clover, and white clover swards were cut, wilted, and ensiled without additives. 28888593 3 137 dep % 559:559 arg1 forage 561:566 forage 561:566 forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design 561:615 Thirty-six Danish Holstein cows were fed ad libitum with total mixed rations containing 70% forage on DM basis in an incomplete Latin square design. 28110072 12 0 theme sealants 1737:1744 arg1 strength 1692:1699 bonding strength 1684:1699 bonding strength 1684:1699 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 12 0 theme sealants 1737:1744 arg1 properties 1714:1723 physical properties 1705:1723 physical properties 1705:1723 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 11 1 theme kaolin 1321:1326 arg1 Incorporation 1304:1316 Incorporation 1304:1316 Incorporation of kaolin 1304:1326 Incorporation of kaolin increased the burst strength by 25% due to microcomposite structuring, whereas MMT increased the burst strength by 50% although loaded in a smaller concentration, due to nano-structuring effects. 28110072 9 2 theme cohesive 1124:1131 arg1 strength 1146:1153 the cohesive and adhesive strength 1120:1153 the cohesive and adhesive strength 1120:1153 A qualitative model that describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength was developed. 28110072 13 3 dep STATEMENT 1783:1791 arg1 manuscript 1821:1830 The current manuscript 1809:1830 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript 1783:1830 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 9 4 theme adhesive 1137:1144 arg1 strength 1146:1153 the cohesive and adhesive strength 1120:1153 the cohesive and adhesive strength 1120:1153 A qualitative model that describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength was developed. 28110072 12 5 theme physical 1705:1712 arg1 properties 1714:1723 physical properties 1705:1723 physical properties 1705:1723 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 18 6 theme mechanism 2597:2605 arg1 effect 2560:2565 its effect 2556:2565 its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism 2556:2605 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives and its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism, are expected to be of high interest to Acta readership. 28110072 18 6 theme mechanism 2597:2605 arg1 Structuring 2510:2520 Structuring 2510:2520 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives 2510:2550 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives and its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism, are expected to be of high interest to Acta readership. 28110072 11 7 theme due 1491:1493 arg1 concentration 1476:1488 a smaller concentration 1466:1488 a smaller concentration 1466:1488 Incorporation of kaolin increased the burst strength by 25% due to microcomposite structuring, whereas MMT increased the burst strength by 50% although loaded in a smaller concentration, due to nano-structuring effects. 28110072 4 8 theme tissue 360:365 arg1 adhesives 367:375 current tissue adhesives 352:375 current tissue adhesives 352:375 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives is the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength, especially in wet hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 18 9 theme composite 2529:2537 arg1 bioadhesives 2539:2550 the composite bioadhesives 2525:2550 the composite bioadhesives 2525:2550 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives and its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism, are expected to be of high interest to Acta readership. 28110072 15 10 theme adhesive 2116:2123 arg1 components 2127:2136 the adhesive's components 2112:2136 the adhesive's components 2112:2136 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods, as well as the physical properties and structural features. 28110072 8 11 theme gelation 966:973 arg1 time 975:978 gelation time 966:978 gelation time 966:978 The viscosity, gelation time and structural features of the adhesive were also studied. 28110072 12 12 from incorporation 1561:1573 arg1 sealants 1622:1629 gelatin-alginate surgical sealants 1596:1629 gelatin-alginate surgical sealants 1596:1629 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 16 13 theme unique 2297:2302 arg1 biomaterials 2304:2315 these unique biomaterials 2291:2315 these unique biomaterials 2291:2315 Thorough understanding of these unique biomaterials resulted in a qualitative model which describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength. 28110072 5 14 theme novel 491:495 arg1 bioadhesives 497:508 Our novel bioadhesives 487:508 Our novel bioadhesives 487:508 Our novel bioadhesives are based on the natural polymers gelatin (coldwater fish) and alginate, crosslinked by carbodiimide (EDC). 28110072 1 15 theme essential 194:202 arg1 element 204:210 an essential element 191:210 an essential element in nearly all surgeries worldwide 191:244 Bioadhesives are polymeric hydrogels that can adhere to a tissue after crosslinking and are an essential element in nearly all surgeries worldwide. 28110072 11 16 dep increased 1328:1336 arg1 whereas 1399:1405 whereas 1399:1405 whereas 1399:1405 Incorporation of kaolin increased the burst strength by 25% due to microcomposite structuring, whereas MMT increased the burst strength by 50% although loaded in a smaller concentration, due to nano-structuring effects. 28110072 9 17 from effect 1078:1083 arg1 strength 1146:1153 the cohesive and adhesive strength 1120:1153 the cohesive and adhesive strength 1120:1153 A qualitative model that describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength was developed. 28110072 11 18 theme burst 1425:1429 arg1 strength 1431:1438 the burst strength 1421:1438 the burst strength 1421:1438 Incorporation of kaolin increased the burst strength by 25% due to microcomposite structuring, whereas MMT increased the burst strength by 50% although loaded in a smaller concentration, due to nano-structuring effects. 28110072 5 19 theme coldwater 553:561 arg1 gelatin 544:550 the natural polymers gelatin 523:550 the natural polymers gelatin (coldwater fish) 523:567 Our novel bioadhesives are based on the natural polymers gelatin (coldwater fish) and alginate, crosslinked by carbodiimide (EDC). 28110072 5 19 theme coldwater 553:561 arg1 fish 563:566 coldwater fish 553:566 coldwater fish 553:566 Our novel bioadhesives are based on the natural polymers gelatin (coldwater fish) and alginate, crosslinked by carbodiimide (EDC). 28110072 4 20 theme hemorrhagic 461:471 arg1 environments 473:484 wet hemorrhagic environments 457:484 wet hemorrhagic environments 457:484 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives is the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength, especially in wet hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 12 21 theme promising 1641:1649 arg1 incorporation 1561:1573 the incorporation 1557:1573 the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants 1557:1629 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 12 21 theme promising 1641:1649 arg1 approach 1657:1664 a very promising novel approach 1634:1664 a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments 1634:1780 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 4 22 theme mechanical 422:431 arg1 strength 433:440 mechanical strength 422:440 mechanical strength 422:440 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives is the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength, especially in wet hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 11 23 theme smaller 1468:1474 arg1 concentration 1476:1488 a smaller concentration 1466:1488 a smaller concentration 1466:1488 Incorporation of kaolin increased the burst strength by 25% due to microcomposite structuring, whereas MMT increased the burst strength by 50% although loaded in a smaller concentration, due to nano-structuring effects. 28110072 5 24 theme natural 527:533 arg1 gelatin 544:550 the natural polymers gelatin 523:550 the natural polymers gelatin (coldwater fish) 523:567 Our novel bioadhesives are based on the natural polymers gelatin (coldwater fish) and alginate, crosslinked by carbodiimide (EDC). 28110072 5 24 theme natural 527:533 arg1 fish 563:566 coldwater fish 553:566 coldwater fish 553:566 Our novel bioadhesives are based on the natural polymers gelatin (coldwater fish) and alginate, crosslinked by carbodiimide (EDC). 28110072 6 25 theme hemostatic 631:640 arg1 agents 642:647 hemostatic agents 631:647 hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, 631:716 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 16 26 theme biomaterials 2304:2315 arg1 understanding 2274:2286 Thorough understanding 2265:2286 Thorough understanding of these unique biomaterials 2265:2315 Thorough understanding of these unique biomaterials resulted in a qualitative model which describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength. 28110072 6 27 with agents 642:647 arg1 structure 673:681 a layered silicate structure 654:681 a layered silicate structure 654:681 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 6 27 with agents 642:647 arg1 kaolin 710:715 kaolin 710:715 kaolin 710:715 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 6 27 with agents 642:647 arg1 montmorillonite 684:698 montmorillonite 684:698 montmorillonite (MMT) 684:704 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 7 28 dep methods 898:904 arg1 methods 898:904 three different methods 882:904 three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression 882:948 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 7 28 dep methods 898:904 arg1 compression 938:948 compression 938:948 compression 938:948 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 7 28 dep methods 898:904 arg1 strength 914:921 burst strength 908:921 burst strength 908:921 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 7 28 dep methods 898:904 arg1 shear 928:932 lap shear 924:932 lap shear 924:932 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 7 29 theme lap 924:926 arg1 methods 898:904 three different methods 882:904 three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression 882:948 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 7 29 theme lap 924:926 arg1 shear 928:932 lap shear 924:932 lap shear 924:932 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 0 30 from Structuring 0:10 arg1 properties 65:74 properties 65:74 properties 65:74 Structuring of composite hydrogel bioadhesives and its effect on properties and bonding mechanism. 28110072 0 30 from Structuring 0:10 arg1 mechanism 88:96 bonding mechanism 80:96 bonding mechanism 80:96 Structuring of composite hydrogel bioadhesives and its effect on properties and bonding mechanism. 28110072 12 31 dep strength 1692:1699 arg1 the 1680:1682 the 1680:1682 the 1680:1682 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 13 32 theme sealing 1982:1988 arg1 ability 1990:1996 the sealing ability 1978:1996 the sealing ability 1978:1996 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 12 33 theme MMT 1589:1591 arg1 incorporation 1561:1573 the incorporation 1557:1573 the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants 1557:1629 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 12 33 theme MMT 1589:1591 arg1 approach 1657:1664 a very promising novel approach 1634:1664 a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments 1634:1780 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 11 34 theme microcomposite 1371:1384 arg1 structuring 1386:1396 microcomposite structuring 1371:1396 microcomposite structuring 1371:1396 Incorporation of kaolin increased the burst strength by 25% due to microcomposite structuring, whereas MMT increased the burst strength by 50% although loaded in a smaller concentration, due to nano-structuring effects. 28110072 12 35 theme gelatin-alginate 1596:1611 arg1 sealants 1622:1629 gelatin-alginate surgical sealants 1596:1629 gelatin-alginate surgical sealants 1596:1629 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 9 36 theme qualitative 1041:1051 arg1 model 1053:1057 A qualitative model 1039:1057 A qualitative model that describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength 1039:1153 A qualitative model that describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength was developed. 28110072 7 37 theme different 888:896 arg1 compression 938:948 compression 938:948 compression 938:948 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 7 37 theme different 888:896 arg1 methods 898:904 three different methods 882:904 three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression 882:948 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 7 37 theme different 888:896 arg1 strength 914:921 burst strength 908:921 burst strength 908:921 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 7 37 theme different 888:896 arg1 shear 928:932 lap shear 924:932 lap shear 924:932 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 14 38 theme composite 2031:2039 arg1 bioadhesives 2041:2052 Such composite bioadhesives 2026:2052 Such composite bioadhesives 2026:2052 Such composite bioadhesives have not been developed and studied before. 28110072 13 39 theme layered 1930:1936 arg1 structure 1947:1955 a layered silicate structure 1928:1955 a layered silicate structure 1928:1955 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 18 40 theme Acta 2647:2650 arg1 readership 2652:2661 Acta readership 2647:2661 Acta readership 2647:2661 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives and its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism, are expected to be of high interest to Acta readership. 28110072 0 41 theme composite 15:23 arg1 bioadhesives 34:45 composite hydrogel bioadhesives 15:45 composite hydrogel bioadhesives 15:45 Structuring of composite hydrogel bioadhesives and its effect on properties and bonding mechanism. 28110072 6 42 theme layered 656:662 arg1 structure 673:681 a layered silicate structure 654:681 a layered silicate structure 654:681 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 6 42 theme layered 656:662 arg1 kaolin 710:715 kaolin 710:715 kaolin 710:715 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 6 42 theme layered 656:662 arg1 montmorillonite 684:698 montmorillonite 684:698 montmorillonite (MMT) 684:704 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 12 43 theme kaolin 1578:1583 arg1 incorporation 1561:1573 the incorporation 1557:1573 the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants 1557:1629 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 12 43 theme kaolin 1578:1583 arg1 approach 1657:1664 a very promising novel approach 1634:1664 a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments 1634:1780 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 13 44 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1796:1807 arg1 STATEMENT 1783:1791 STATEMENT 1783:1791 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript 1783:1830 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 0 45 theme bioadhesives 34:45 arg1 Structuring 0:10 Structuring 0:10 Structuring of composite hydrogel bioadhesives 0:45 Structuring of composite hydrogel bioadhesives and its effect on properties and bonding mechanism. 28110072 0 45 theme bioadhesives 34:45 arg1 effect 55:60 its effect 51:60 its effect on properties and bonding mechanism 51:96 Structuring of composite hydrogel bioadhesives and its effect on properties and bonding mechanism. 28110072 7 46 from effect 804:809 arg1 strength 858:865 its mechanical strength 843:865 its mechanical strength 843:865 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 10 47 theme burst 1277:1281 arg1 strength 1283:1290 a burst strength 1275:1290 a burst strength of 387mmHg 1275:1301 A formulation based on 400mg/mL gelatin, 10mg/mL alginate and 20mg/mL EDC was found as optimal, enabling a burst strength of 387mmHg. 28110072 15 48 theme different 2186:2194 arg1 methods 2196:2202 three different methods 2180:2202 three different methods 2180:2202 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods, as well as the physical properties and structural features. 28110072 15 49 dep properties 2229:2238 arg1 the 2216:2218 the 2216:2218 the 2216:2218 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods, as well as the physical properties and structural features. 28110072 4 50 theme current 352:358 arg1 adhesives 367:375 current tissue adhesives 352:375 current tissue adhesives 352:375 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives is the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength, especially in wet hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 6 51 theme agents 642:647 arg1 types 622:626 Two types 618:626 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, 618:716 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 13 52 dep bioadhesives 1849:1860 arg1 loaded 1893:1898 loaded 1893:1898 loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment 1893:2023 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 13 52 dep bioadhesives 1849:1860 arg1 based 1863:1867 based 1863:1867 based on natural polymers 1863:1887 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 9 53 theme bioadhesive 1092:1102 arg1 parameters 1106:1115 the bioadhesive's parameters 1088:1115 the bioadhesive's parameters 1088:1115 A qualitative model that describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength was developed. 28110072 12 54 theme surgical 1728:1735 arg1 sealants 1737:1744 surgical sealants 1728:1744 surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments 1728:1780 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 12 55 from use 1750:1752 arg1 environments 1769:1780 hemorrhagic environments 1757:1780 hemorrhagic environments 1757:1780 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 17 56 theme structure-property-function 2453:2479 arg1 relationships 2481:2493 structure-property-function relationships 2453:2493 structure-property-function relationships 2453:2493 Thus, structure-property-function relationships are presented. 28110072 18 57 theme bonding 2589:2595 arg1 mechanism 2597:2605 bonding mechanism 2589:2605 bonding mechanism 2589:2605 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives and its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism, are expected to be of high interest to Acta readership. 28110072 1 58 theme surgeries 226:234 arg1 worldwide 236:244 nearly all surgeries worldwide 215:244 nearly all surgeries worldwide 215:244 Bioadhesives are polymeric hydrogels that can adhere to a tissue after crosslinking and are an essential element in nearly all surgeries worldwide. 28110072 18 59 theme properties 2574:2583 arg1 effect 2560:2565 its effect 2556:2565 its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism 2556:2605 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives and its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism, are expected to be of high interest to Acta readership. 28110072 18 59 theme properties 2574:2583 arg1 Structuring 2510:2520 Structuring 2510:2520 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives 2510:2550 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives and its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism, are expected to be of high interest to Acta readership. 28110072 16 60 theme bioadhesive 2383:2393 arg1 parameters 2397:2406 the bioadhesive's parameters 2379:2406 the bioadhesive's parameters 2379:2406 Thorough understanding of these unique biomaterials resulted in a qualitative model which describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength. 28110072 15 61 theme structural 2244:2253 arg1 features 2255:2262 structural features 2244:2262 structural features 2244:2262 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods, as well as the physical properties and structural features. 28110072 16 62 theme cohesive 2415:2422 arg1 strength 2437:2444 the cohesive and adhesive strength 2411:2444 the cohesive and adhesive strength 2411:2444 Thorough understanding of these unique biomaterials resulted in a qualitative model which describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength. 28110072 6 63 theme hemorrhagic 775:785 arg1 environment 787:797 a hemorrhagic environment 773:797 a hemorrhagic environment 773:797 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 16 64 theme adhesive 2428:2435 arg1 strength 2437:2444 the cohesive and adhesive strength 2411:2444 the cohesive and adhesive strength 2411:2444 Thorough understanding of these unique biomaterials resulted in a qualitative model which describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength. 28110072 11 65 theme burst 1342:1346 arg1 strength 1348:1355 the burst strength 1338:1355 the burst strength 1338:1355 Incorporation of kaolin increased the burst strength by 25% due to microcomposite structuring, whereas MMT increased the burst strength by 50% although loaded in a smaller concentration, due to nano-structuring effects. 28110072 10 66 theme 10mg/mL 1211:1217 arg1 alginate 1219:1226 10mg/mL alginate 1211:1226 10mg/mL alginate 1211:1226 A formulation based on 400mg/mL gelatin, 10mg/mL alginate and 20mg/mL EDC was found as optimal, enabling a burst strength of 387mmHg. 28110072 16 67 from effect 2369:2374 arg1 strength 2437:2444 the cohesive and adhesive strength 2411:2444 the cohesive and adhesive strength 2411:2444 Thorough understanding of these unique biomaterials resulted in a qualitative model which describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength. 28110072 4 68 theme adhesives 367:375 arg1 limitation 338:347 The main limitation 329:347 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives 329:375 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives is the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength, especially in wet hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 4 68 theme adhesives 367:375 arg1 tradeoff 384:391 the tradeoff 380:391 the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength 380:440 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives is the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength, especially in wet hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 4 69 from tradeoff 384:391 arg1 environments 473:484 wet hemorrhagic environments 457:484 wet hemorrhagic environments 457:484 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives is the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength, especially in wet hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 18 70 theme bioadhesives 2539:2550 arg1 effect 2560:2565 its effect 2556:2565 its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism 2556:2605 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives and its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism, are expected to be of high interest to Acta readership. 28110072 18 70 theme bioadhesives 2539:2550 arg1 Structuring 2510:2520 Structuring 2510:2520 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives 2510:2550 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives and its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism, are expected to be of high interest to Acta readership. 28110072 6 71 theme sealing 754:760 arg1 ability 762:768 the sealing ability 750:768 the sealing ability 750:768 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 7 72 theme adhesive 818:825 arg1 components 829:838 the adhesive's components 814:838 the adhesive's components 814:838 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 12 73 theme bonding 1684:1690 arg1 strength 1692:1699 bonding strength 1684:1699 bonding strength 1684:1699 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 13 74 theme hemostatic 1905:1914 arg1 agents 1916:1921 hemostatic agents 1905:1921 hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment 1905:2023 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 4 75 theme wet 457:459 arg1 environments 473:484 wet hemorrhagic environments 457:484 wet hemorrhagic environments 457:484 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives is the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength, especially in wet hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 1 76 theme polymeric 116:124 arg1 Bioadhesives 99:110 Bioadhesives 99:110 Bioadhesives 99:110 Bioadhesives are polymeric hydrogels that can adhere to a tissue after crosslinking and are an essential element in nearly all surgeries worldwide. 28110072 1 76 theme polymeric 116:124 arg1 hydrogels 126:134 polymeric hydrogels 116:134 polymeric hydrogels that can adhere to a tissue after crosslinking and are an essential element in nearly all surgeries worldwide 116:244 Bioadhesives are polymeric hydrogels that can adhere to a tissue after crosslinking and are an essential element in nearly all surgeries worldwide. 28110072 15 77 from effect 2102:2107 arg1 strength 2156:2163 its mechanical strength 2141:2163 its mechanical strength 2141:2163 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods, as well as the physical properties and structural features. 28110072 10 78 theme 400mg/mL 1193:1200 arg1 gelatin 1202:1208 400mg/mL gelatin 1193:1208 400mg/mL gelatin 1193:1208 A formulation based on 400mg/mL gelatin, 10mg/mL alginate and 20mg/mL EDC was found as optimal, enabling a burst strength of 387mmHg. 28110072 16 79 theme qualitative 2331:2341 arg1 model 2343:2347 a qualitative model 2329:2347 a qualitative model which describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength 2329:2444 Thorough understanding of these unique biomaterials resulted in a qualitative model which describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength. 28110072 13 80 theme natural 1872:1878 arg1 polymers 1880:1887 natural polymers 1872:1887 natural polymers 1872:1887 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 2 81 theme Several 247:253 arg1 bioadhesives 255:266 Several bioadhesives 247:266 Several bioadhesives 247:266 Several bioadhesives are commercially available. 28110072 5 82 theme polymers 535:542 arg1 gelatin 544:550 the natural polymers gelatin 523:550 the natural polymers gelatin (coldwater fish) 523:567 Our novel bioadhesives are based on the natural polymers gelatin (coldwater fish) and alginate, crosslinked by carbodiimide (EDC). 28110072 5 82 theme polymers 535:542 arg1 fish 563:566 coldwater fish 553:566 coldwater fish 553:566 Our novel bioadhesives are based on the natural polymers gelatin (coldwater fish) and alginate, crosslinked by carbodiimide (EDC). 28110072 15 83 theme mechanical 2145:2154 arg1 strength 2156:2163 its mechanical strength 2141:2163 its mechanical strength 2141:2163 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods, as well as the physical properties and structural features. 28110072 12 84 theme novel 1651:1655 arg1 incorporation 1561:1573 the incorporation 1557:1573 the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants 1557:1629 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 12 84 theme novel 1651:1655 arg1 approach 1657:1664 a very promising novel approach 1634:1664 a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments 1634:1780 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 16 85 theme Thorough 2265:2272 arg1 understanding 2274:2286 Thorough understanding 2265:2286 Thorough understanding of these unique biomaterials 2265:2315 Thorough understanding of these unique biomaterials resulted in a qualitative model which describes the effect of the bioadhesive's parameters on the cohesive and adhesive strength. 28110072 0 86 theme bonding 80:86 arg1 mechanism 88:96 bonding mechanism 80:96 bonding mechanism 80:96 Structuring of composite hydrogel bioadhesives and its effect on properties and bonding mechanism. 28110072 8 87 theme structural 984:993 arg1 features 995:1002 structural features 984:1002 structural features 984:1002 The viscosity, gelation time and structural features of the adhesive were also studied. 28110072 12 88 theme surgical 1613:1620 arg1 sealants 1622:1629 gelatin-alginate surgical sealants 1596:1629 gelatin-alginate surgical sealants 1596:1629 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 0 89 from effect 55:60 arg1 properties 65:74 properties 65:74 properties 65:74 Structuring of composite hydrogel bioadhesives and its effect on properties and bonding mechanism. 28110072 0 89 from effect 55:60 arg1 mechanism 88:96 bonding mechanism 80:96 bonding mechanism 80:96 Structuring of composite hydrogel bioadhesives and its effect on properties and bonding mechanism. 28110072 18 90 theme high 2630:2633 arg1 interest 2635:2642 high interest 2630:2642 high interest 2630:2642 Structuring of the composite bioadhesives and its effect of the properties and bonding mechanism, are expected to be of high interest to Acta readership. 28110072 8 91 theme adhesive 1011:1018 arg1 features 995:1002 structural features 984:1002 structural features 984:1002 The viscosity, gelation time and structural features of the adhesive were also studied. 28110072 8 91 theme adhesive 1011:1018 arg1 viscosity 955:963 The viscosity 951:963 The viscosity 951:963 The viscosity, gelation time and structural features of the adhesive were also studied. 28110072 8 91 theme adhesive 1011:1018 arg1 time 975:978 gelation time 966:978 gelation time 966:978 The viscosity, gelation time and structural features of the adhesive were also studied. 28110072 13 92 theme novel 1843:1847 arg1 bioadhesives 1849:1860 novel bioadhesives 1843:1860 novel bioadhesives 1843:1860 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 10 93 theme 20mg/mL 1232:1238 arg1 EDC 1240:1242 20mg/mL EDC 1232:1242 20mg/mL EDC 1232:1242 A formulation based on 400mg/mL gelatin, 10mg/mL alginate and 20mg/mL EDC was found as optimal, enabling a burst strength of 387mmHg. 28110072 13 94 theme hemorrhagic 2001:2011 arg1 environment 2013:2023 hemorrhagic environment 2001:2023 hemorrhagic environment 2001:2023 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 7 95 theme burst 908:912 arg1 methods 898:904 three different methods 882:904 three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression 882:948 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 7 95 theme burst 908:912 arg1 strength 914:921 burst strength 908:921 burst strength 908:921 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 28110072 0 96 theme hydrogel 25:32 arg1 bioadhesives 34:45 composite hydrogel bioadhesives 15:45 composite hydrogel bioadhesives 15:45 Structuring of composite hydrogel bioadhesives and its effect on properties and bonding mechanism. 28110072 15 97 theme physical 2220:2227 arg1 properties 2229:2238 physical properties 2220:2238 physical properties 2220:2238 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods, as well as the physical properties and structural features. 28110072 14 98 theme Such 2026:2029 arg1 bioadhesives 2041:2052 Such composite bioadhesives 2026:2052 Such composite bioadhesives 2026:2052 Such composite bioadhesives have not been developed and studied before. 28110072 6 99 theme silicate 664:671 arg1 structure 673:681 a layered silicate structure 654:681 a layered silicate structure 654:681 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 6 99 theme silicate 664:671 arg1 kaolin 710:715 kaolin 710:715 kaolin 710:715 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 6 99 theme silicate 664:671 arg1 montmorillonite 684:698 montmorillonite 684:698 montmorillonite (MMT) 684:704 Two types of hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolin, were loaded in order to improve the sealing ability in a hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 13 100 theme current 1813:1819 arg1 manuscript 1821:1830 The current manuscript 1809:1830 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript 1783:1830 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 4 101 theme main 333:336 arg1 limitation 338:347 The main limitation 329:347 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives 329:375 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives is the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength, especially in wet hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 4 101 theme main 333:336 arg1 tradeoff 384:391 the tradeoff 380:391 the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength 380:440 The main limitation of current tissue adhesives is the tradeoff between biocompatibility and mechanical strength, especially in wet hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 13 102 with agents 1916:1921 arg1 structure 1947:1955 a layered silicate structure 1928:1955 a layered silicate structure 1928:1955 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 11 103 theme nano-structuring 1498:1513 arg1 effects 1515:1521 nano-structuring effects 1498:1521 nano-structuring effects 1498:1521 Incorporation of kaolin increased the burst strength by 25% due to microcomposite structuring, whereas MMT increased the burst strength by 50% although loaded in a smaller concentration, due to nano-structuring effects. 28110072 12 104 theme hemorrhagic 1757:1767 arg1 environments 1769:1780 hemorrhagic environments 1757:1780 hemorrhagic environments 1757:1780 This research clearly shows that the incorporation of kaolin and MMT in gelatin-alginate surgical sealants is a very promising novel approach for improving the bonding strength and physical properties of surgical sealants for use in hemorrhagic environments. 28110072 1 105 from element 204:210 arg1 worldwide 236:244 nearly all surgeries worldwide 215:244 nearly all surgeries worldwide 215:244 Bioadhesives are polymeric hydrogels that can adhere to a tissue after crosslinking and are an essential element in nearly all surgeries worldwide. 28110072 13 106 theme silicate 1938:1945 arg1 structure 1947:1955 a layered silicate structure 1928:1955 a layered silicate structure 1928:1955 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current manuscript focuses on novel bioadhesives, based on natural polymers and loaded with hemostatic agents with a layered silicate structure, in order to improve the sealing ability in hemorrhagic environment. 28110072 10 107 theme 387mmHg 1295:1301 arg1 strength 1283:1290 a burst strength 1275:1290 a burst strength of 387mmHg 1275:1301 A formulation based on 400mg/mL gelatin, 10mg/mL alginate and 20mg/mL EDC was found as optimal, enabling a burst strength of 387mmHg. 28110072 7 108 theme mechanical 847:856 arg1 strength 858:865 its mechanical strength 843:865 its mechanical strength 843:865 The effect of the adhesive's components on its mechanical strength was studied by three different methods - burst strength, lap shear and compression. 26075271 4 0 theme optimum 495:501 arg1 ranges 503:508 The optimum ranges 491:508 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters 491:538 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 4 1 theme Thunb 711:715 arg1 cytotoxicity 681:692 cytotoxicity 681:692 cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb 681:715 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 3 2 theme extraction 315:324 arg1 parameters 326:335 extraction parameters 315:335 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 315:489 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 3 2 theme extraction 315:324 arg1 temperature 349:359 extraction temperature 338:359 extraction temperature 338:359 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 3 2 theme extraction 315:324 arg1 time 373:376 extraction time 362:376 extraction time 362:376 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 3 2 theme extraction 315:324 arg1 concentration 391:403 ethanol concentration 383:403 ethanol concentration 383:403 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 1 3 theme herbal 168:173 arg1 extracts 141:148 Plant extracts 135:148 Plant extracts 135:148 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 1 3 theme herbal 168:173 arg1 medicines 175:183 herbal medicines 168:183 herbal medicines 168:183 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 4 4 theme surface 595:601 arg1 plots 603:607 4-dimensional response surface plots 572:607 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 572:654 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 7 5 theme natural 1220:1226 arg1 products 1228:1235 natural products 1220:1235 natural products 1220:1235 These approaches can provide a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products and will be helpful for the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 8 6 used used 1340:1343 arg2 extract 1316:1322 The crude extract 1306:1322 The crude extract obtained 1306:1331 The crude extract obtained can be used in some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products. 26075271 6 7 theme 57-65°C 840:846 arg1 times 898:902 extraction times 887:902 extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. 887:916 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 7 theme 57-65°C 840:846 arg1 concentrations 857:870 ethanol concentrations 849:870 ethanol concentrations of 45-57% 849:880 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 7 theme 57-65°C 840:846 arg1 temperatures 824:835 extraction temperatures 813:835 extraction temperatures of 57-65°C 813:846 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 7 theme 57-65°C 840:846 arg1 ranges 732:737 The ranges 728:737 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions 728:806 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 8 8 theme care 1389:1392 arg1 products 1394:1401 some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products 1348:1401 some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products 1348:1401 The crude extract obtained can be used in some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products. 26075271 0 9 theme RAW 107:109 arg1 cells 128:132 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 107:132 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 107:132 Extraction optimization for obtaining Artemisia capillaris extract with high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 26075271 6 10 from times 898:902 arg1 results 938:944 the results 934:944 the results 934:944 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 11 theme cellular 1095:1102 arg1 level 1104:1108 the cellular level 1091:1108 the cellular level 1091:1108 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 8 12 theme crude 1310:1314 arg1 extract 1316:1322 The crude extract 1306:1322 The crude extract obtained 1306:1331 The crude extract obtained can be used in some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products. 26075271 3 13 theme extraction 338:347 arg1 parameters 326:335 extraction parameters 315:335 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 315:489 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 3 13 theme extraction 338:347 arg1 temperature 349:359 extraction temperature 338:359 extraction temperature 338:359 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 6 14 theme 5.5-6.8 h. 907:916 arg1 times 898:902 extraction times 887:902 extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. 887:916 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 14 theme 5.5-6.8 h. 907:916 arg1 concentrations 857:870 ethanol concentrations 849:870 ethanol concentrations of 45-57% 849:880 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 14 theme 5.5-6.8 h. 907:916 arg1 temperatures 824:835 extraction temperatures 813:835 extraction temperatures of 57-65°C 813:846 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 14 theme 5.5-6.8 h. 907:916 arg1 ranges 732:737 The ranges 728:737 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions 728:806 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 1 15 used used 160:163 arg2 medicines 175:183 herbal medicines 168:183 herbal medicines 168:183 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 1 15 used used 160:163 arg2 extracts 141:148 Plant extracts 135:148 Plant extracts 135:148 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 0 16 theme macrophage 117:126 arg1 cells 128:132 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 107:132 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 107:132 Extraction optimization for obtaining Artemisia capillaris extract with high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 26075271 6 17 from temperatures 824:835 arg1 results 938:944 the results 934:944 the results 934:944 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 18 from concentrations 857:870 arg1 results 938:944 the results 934:944 the results 934:944 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 19 theme extraction 813:822 arg1 ranges 732:737 The ranges 728:737 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions 728:806 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 19 theme extraction 813:822 arg1 temperatures 824:835 extraction temperatures 813:835 extraction temperatures of 57-65°C 813:846 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 0 20 theme Extraction 0:9 arg1 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization for obtaining Artemisia capillaris extract with high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 0:133 Extraction optimization for obtaining Artemisia capillaris extract with high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 26075271 3 21 theme high 436:439 arg1 activity 459:466 high anti-inflammatory activity 436:466 high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level 436:488 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 7 22 theme novel 1180:1184 arg1 substances 1204:1213 novel anti-inflammatory substances 1180:1213 novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products 1180:1235 These approaches can provide a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products and will be helpful for the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 3 23 from level 484:488 arg1 activity 459:466 high anti-inflammatory activity 436:466 high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level 436:488 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 8 24 theme health 1382:1387 arg1 products 1394:1401 some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products 1348:1401 some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products 1348:1401 The crude extract obtained can be used in some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products. 26075271 4 25 theme NO 660:661 arg1 production 663:672 NO production 660:672 NO production 660:672 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 3 26 theme ethanol 383:389 arg1 parameters 326:335 extraction parameters 315:335 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 315:489 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 3 26 theme ethanol 383:389 arg1 concentration 391:403 ethanol concentration 383:403 ethanol concentration 383:403 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 6 27 theme composite 970:978 arg1 design 980:985 a central composite design 960:985 a central composite design 960:985 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 7 28 theme starting 1150:1157 arg1 point 1159:1163 a logical starting point 1140:1163 a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products 1140:1235 These approaches can provide a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products and will be helpful for the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 2 29 theme capillaris 297:306 arg1 Thunb 308:312 the Artemisia capillaris Thunb 283:312 the Artemisia capillaris Thunb 283:312 We used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the Artemisia capillaris Thunb. 26075271 6 30 dep results 938:944 arg1 basis 925:929 basis 925:929 basis 925:929 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 30 dep results 938:944 arg1 the 921:923 the 921:923 the 921:923 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 31 theme central 962:968 arg1 design 980:985 a central composite design 960:985 a central composite design 960:985 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 32 theme optimal 789:795 arg1 conditions 797:806 the optimal conditions 785:806 the optimal conditions 785:806 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 2 33 theme Artemisia 287:295 arg1 Thunb 308:312 the Artemisia capillaris Thunb 283:312 the Artemisia capillaris Thunb 283:312 We used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the Artemisia capillaris Thunb. 26075271 1 34 theme wide 196:199 arg1 variety 201:207 a wide variety 194:207 a wide variety of human diseases 194:225 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 1 34 theme wide 196:199 arg1 diseases 218:225 human diseases 212:225 human diseases 212:225 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 6 35 theme extraction 742:751 arg1 conditions 753:762 extraction conditions 742:762 extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions 742:806 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 4 36 theme response 586:593 arg1 plots 603:607 4-dimensional response surface plots 572:607 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 572:654 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 8 37 theme capillaris 1356:1365 arg1 products 1394:1401 some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products 1348:1401 some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products 1348:1401 The crude extract obtained can be used in some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products. 26075271 6 38 theme extraction 887:896 arg1 times 898:902 extraction times 887:902 extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. 887:916 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 4 39 theme capillaris 700:709 arg1 Thunb 711:715 A. capillaris Thunb 697:715 A. capillaris Thunb 697:715 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 4 40 theme induced 643:649 arg1 PGE2 651:654 the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 612:654 the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 612:654 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 0 41 theme capillaris 48:57 arg1 extract 59:65 Artemisia capillaris extract 38:65 Artemisia capillaris extract 38:65 Extraction optimization for obtaining Artemisia capillaris extract with high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 26075271 4 42 theme 4-dimensional 572:584 arg1 plots 603:607 4-dimensional response surface plots 572:607 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 572:654 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 3 43 dep parameters 326:335 arg1 parameters 326:335 extraction parameters 315:335 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 315:489 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 3 43 dep parameters 326:335 arg1 temperature 349:359 extraction temperature 338:359 extraction temperature 338:359 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 3 43 dep parameters 326:335 arg1 time 373:376 extraction time 362:376 extraction time 362:376 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 3 43 dep parameters 326:335 arg1 concentration 391:403 ethanol concentration 383:403 ethanol concentration 383:403 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 0 44 from activity 95:102 arg1 cells 128:132 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 107:132 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 107:132 Extraction optimization for obtaining Artemisia capillaris extract with high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 26075271 7 45 from products 1228:1235 arg1 substances 1204:1213 novel anti-inflammatory substances 1180:1213 novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products 1180:1235 These approaches can provide a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products and will be helpful for the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 2 46 used used 231:234 arg2 We 228:229 We 228:229 We 228:229 We used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the Artemisia capillaris Thunb. 26075271 3 47 theme anti-inflammatory 441:457 arg1 activity 459:466 high anti-inflammatory activity 436:466 high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level 436:488 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 0 48 theme Artemisia 38:46 arg1 extract 59:65 Artemisia capillaris extract 38:65 Artemisia capillaris extract 38:65 Extraction optimization for obtaining Artemisia capillaris extract with high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 26075271 7 49 theme full 1265:1268 arg1 utilization 1270:1280 the full utilization 1261:1280 the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb 1261:1303 These approaches can provide a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products and will be helpful for the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 1 50 theme human 212:216 arg1 diseases 218:225 human diseases 212:225 human diseases 212:225 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 4 51 theme extraction 518:527 arg1 parameters 529:538 the extraction parameters 514:538 the extraction parameters 514:538 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 6 52 theme % 880:880 arg1 times 898:902 extraction times 887:902 extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. 887:916 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 52 theme % 880:880 arg1 concentrations 857:870 ethanol concentrations 849:870 ethanol concentrations of 45-57% 849:880 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 52 theme % 880:880 arg1 temperatures 824:835 extraction temperatures 813:835 extraction temperatures of 57-65°C 813:846 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 52 theme % 880:880 arg1 ranges 732:737 The ranges 728:737 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions 728:806 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 8 53 theme Thunb.-related 1367:1380 arg1 products 1394:1401 some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products 1348:1401 some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products 1348:1401 The crude extract obtained can be used in some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products. 26075271 7 54 theme capillaris 1288:1297 arg1 Thunb 1299:1303 A. capillaris Thunb 1285:1303 A. capillaris Thunb 1285:1303 These approaches can provide a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products and will be helpful for the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 7 55 theme logical 1142:1148 arg1 point 1159:1163 a logical starting point 1140:1163 a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products 1140:1235 These approaches can provide a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products and will be helpful for the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 3 56 with extract 423:429 arg1 activity 459:466 high anti-inflammatory activity 436:466 high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level 436:488 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 1 57 theme Plant 135:139 arg1 extracts 141:148 Plant extracts 135:148 Plant extracts 135:148 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 1 57 theme Plant 135:139 arg1 medicines 175:183 herbal medicines 168:183 herbal medicines 168:183 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 3 58 theme cellular 475:482 arg1 level 484:488 the cellular level 471:488 the cellular level 471:488 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 6 59 with model 949:953 arg1 design 980:985 a central composite design 960:985 a central composite design 960:985 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 1 60 theme diseases 218:225 arg1 variety 201:207 a wide variety 194:207 a wide variety of human diseases 194:225 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 1 60 theme diseases 218:225 arg1 diseases 218:225 human diseases 212:225 human diseases 212:225 Plant extracts have been used as herbal medicines to treat a wide variety of human diseases. 26075271 8 61 theme A. 1353:1354 arg1 products 1394:1401 some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products 1348:1401 some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products 1348:1401 The crude extract obtained can be used in some A. capillaris Thunb.-related health care products. 26075271 7 62 theme Thunb 1299:1303 arg1 utilization 1270:1280 the full utilization 1261:1280 the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb 1261:1303 These approaches can provide a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products and will be helpful for the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 6 63 theme anti-inflammation 1049:1065 arg1 activity 1067:1074 the anti-inflammation activity 1045:1074 the anti-inflammation activity of extracts 1045:1086 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 64 theme conditions 753:762 arg1 ranges 732:737 The ranges 728:737 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions 728:806 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 6 64 theme conditions 753:762 arg1 temperatures 824:835 extraction temperatures 813:835 extraction temperatures of 57-65°C 813:846 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 7 65 theme A. 1285:1286 arg1 Thunb 1299:1303 A. capillaris Thunb 1285:1303 A. capillaris Thunb 1285:1303 These approaches can provide a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products and will be helpful for the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 0 66 theme anti-inflammatory 77:93 arg1 activity 95:102 high anti-inflammatory activity 72:102 high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 72:132 Extraction optimization for obtaining Artemisia capillaris extract with high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 26075271 6 67 theme ethanol 849:855 arg1 concentrations 857:870 ethanol concentrations 849:870 ethanol concentrations of 45-57% 849:880 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 2 68 theme surface 245:251 arg1 RSM 266:268 RSM 266:268 RSM 266:268 We used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the Artemisia capillaris Thunb. 26075271 2 68 theme surface 245:251 arg1 methodology 253:263 response surface methodology 236:263 response surface methodology (RSM) 236:269 We used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the Artemisia capillaris Thunb. 26075271 4 69 theme PGE2 651:654 arg1 plots 603:607 4-dimensional response surface plots 572:607 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 572:654 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 4 69 theme PGE2 651:654 arg1 production 663:672 NO production 660:672 NO production 660:672 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 4 70 theme A. 697:698 arg1 Thunb 711:715 A. capillaris Thunb 697:715 A. capillaris Thunb 697:715 The optimum ranges for the extraction parameters were predicted by superimposing 4-dimensional response surface plots of the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PGE2 and NO production and by cytotoxicity of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 6 71 theme extracts 1079:1086 arg1 activity 1067:1074 the anti-inflammation activity 1045:1074 the anti-inflammation activity of extracts 1045:1086 The ranges of extraction conditions used for determining the optimal conditions were extraction temperatures of 57-65°C, ethanol concentrations of 45-57%, and extraction times of 5.5-6.8 h. On the basis of the results, a model with a central composite design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the anti-inflammation activity of extracts at the cellular level. 26075271 0 72 theme high 72:75 arg1 activity 95:102 high anti-inflammatory activity 72:102 high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 72:132 Extraction optimization for obtaining Artemisia capillaris extract with high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. 26075271 2 73 theme response 236:243 arg1 RSM 266:268 RSM 266:268 RSM 266:268 We used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the Artemisia capillaris Thunb. 26075271 2 73 theme response 236:243 arg1 methodology 253:263 response surface methodology 236:263 response surface methodology (RSM) 236:269 We used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the Artemisia capillaris Thunb. 26075271 7 74 theme anti-inflammatory 1186:1202 arg1 substances 1204:1213 novel anti-inflammatory substances 1180:1213 novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products 1180:1235 These approaches can provide a logical starting point for developing novel anti-inflammatory substances from natural products and will be helpful for the full utilization of A. capillaris Thunb. 26075271 3 75 theme extraction 362:371 arg1 parameters 326:335 extraction parameters 315:335 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 315:489 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 26075271 3 75 theme extraction 362:371 arg1 time 373:376 extraction time 362:376 extraction time 362:376 extraction parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) for obtaining an extract with high anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. 28870713 4 0 theme 0.25 815:818 arg1 % 819:819 % 819:819 % 819:819 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 1 from diet 786:789 arg1 combination 860:870 combination 860:870 combination for 4 weeks 860:882 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 10 2 theme weighted 1846:1853 arg1 analysis 1914:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 3 3 theme cecal 501:505 arg1 composition 518:528 cecal microbiota composition 501:528 cecal microbiota composition 501:528 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 4 4 from inulin 850:855 arg1 combination 860:870 combination 860:870 combination for 4 weeks 860:882 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 6 5 with Supplementation 1031:1045 arg1 inulin 1052:1057 inulin 1052:1057 inulin alone 1052:1063 Supplementation with inulin alone and inulin + PomX combination significantly increased the proportion of Verrucomicrobiaceae (A. muciniphila) and decreased Clostridiaceae. 28870713 6 5 with Supplementation 1031:1045 arg1 combination 1083:1093 inulin + PomX combination 1069:1093 inulin + PomX combination 1069:1093 Supplementation with inulin alone and inulin + PomX combination significantly increased the proportion of Verrucomicrobiaceae (A. muciniphila) and decreased Clostridiaceae. 28870713 9 6 theme species 1615:1621 arg1 richness 1623:1630 lower species richness 1609:1630 lower species richness of gut microbiota compared to mice fed with HF/HS or HF/HS/PomX 1609:1694 Inulin supplementation showed lower species richness of gut microbiota compared to mice fed with HF/HS or HF/HS/PomX, and the reduction was reversed by the addition of PomX. 28870713 4 7 theme C57BL/6 587:593 arg1 mice 595:598 Male C57BL/6 mice 582:598 Male C57BL/6 mice 582:598 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 10 8 theme coordinate 1903:1912 arg1 analysis 1914:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 14 9 theme gut 2358:2360 arg1 microbiota 2362:2371 the gut microbiota 2354:2371 the gut microbiota 2354:2371 Our results demonstrated that the gut microbiota and their biological pathways were differentially effected by dietary PomX and inulin fed combined or alone. 28870713 4 10 from PomX 841:844 arg1 combination 860:870 combination 860:870 combination for 4 weeks 860:882 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 13 11 theme junction 2257:2264 arg1 genes 2266:2270 ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes 2216:2270 ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes 2216:2270 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. 28870713 12 12 theme infectious 2099:2108 arg1 pathway 2126:2132 KEGG infectious disease-related pathway 2094:2132 KEGG infectious disease-related pathway associated with increase of serum LPS and MCP-1 2094:2180 Inulin significantly enhanced KEGG infectious disease-related pathway associated with increase of serum LPS and MCP-1. 28870713 10 13 theme Beta-Diversity 1878:1891 arg1 analysis 1914:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 7 14 theme inulin + PomX 1376:1388 arg1 diet 1390:1393 the inulin + PomX diet 1372:1393 the inulin + PomX diet 1372:1393 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 9 15 theme microbiota 1639:1648 arg1 richness 1623:1630 lower species richness 1609:1630 lower species richness of gut microbiota compared to mice fed with HF/HS or HF/HS/PomX 1609:1694 Inulin supplementation showed lower species richness of gut microbiota compared to mice fed with HF/HS or HF/HS/PomX, and the reduction was reversed by the addition of PomX. 28870713 6 16 theme inulin + PomX 1069:1081 arg1 combination 1083:1093 inulin + PomX combination 1069:1093 inulin + PomX combination 1069:1093 Supplementation with inulin alone and inulin + PomX combination significantly increased the proportion of Verrucomicrobiaceae (A. muciniphila) and decreased Clostridiaceae. 28870713 4 17 theme high-fat/high-sucrose 672:692 arg1 [HF/HS 694:699 high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS 672:699 high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet 672:777 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 2 18 theme gut 305:307 arg1 microbiota 309:318 the gut microbiota 301:318 the gut microbiota 301:318 Using dietary intervention to shape the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized. 28870713 3 19 theme induced 553:559 arg1 model 575:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 15 20 theme potential 2592:2600 arg1 effects 2612:2618 potential prebiotic effects 2592:2618 potential prebiotic effects 2592:2618 It is therefore very important to consider the interaction among bioactive components of food when evaluating potential prebiotic effects. 28870713 11 21 theme combined 2044:2051 arg1 treatment 2053:2061 combined treatment 2044:2061 combined treatment 2044:2061 A total of 19 KEGG biological pathways were significantly regulated in the gut microbiota with PomX and inulin alone or combined treatment. 28870713 7 22 theme chemoattractant 1305:1319 arg1 protein 1321:1327 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 1296:1329 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) 1296:1337 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 7 22 theme chemoattractant 1305:1319 arg1 MCP-1 1332:1336 MCP-1 1332:1336 MCP-1 1332:1336 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 4 23 from inulin 826:831 arg1 combination 860:870 combination 860:870 combination for 4 weeks 860:882 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 24 from diet 774:777 arg1 combination 860:870 combination 860:870 combination for 4 weeks 860:882 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 13 25 theme genes 2266:2270 arg1 expression 2202:2211 gene expression 2197:2211 gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes 2197:2270 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. 28870713 11 26 theme biological 1943:1952 arg1 pathways 1954:1961 19 KEGG biological pathways 1935:1961 19 KEGG biological pathways 1935:1961 A total of 19 KEGG biological pathways were significantly regulated in the gut microbiota with PomX and inulin alone or combined treatment. 28870713 8 27 theme inulin + PomX 1408:1420 arg1 diet 1422:1425 the inulin + PomX diet 1404:1425 the inulin + PomX diet 1404:1425 Feeding the inulin + PomX diet was associated with a significant increase in Bifidobacteriaceae and Rikenellaceae, which may have contributed to the reduction of endotoxemia markers. 28870713 2 28 dep composition 271:281 arg1 the 267:269 the 267:269 the 267:269 Using dietary intervention to shape the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized. 28870713 3 29 from effects 390:396 arg1 function 534:541 function 534:541 function 534:541 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 3 29 from effects 390:396 arg1 composition 518:528 cecal microbiota composition 501:528 cecal microbiota composition 501:528 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 2 30 theme dietary 237:243 arg1 intervention 245:256 dietary intervention 237:256 dietary intervention 237:256 Using dietary intervention to shape the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized. 28870713 13 31 theme cytokine 2238:2245 arg1 genes 2266:2270 ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes 2216:2270 ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes 2216:2270 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. 28870713 13 32 from changes 2186:2192 arg1 expression 2202:2211 gene expression 2197:2211 gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes 2197:2270 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. 28870713 11 33 theme gut 1999:2001 arg1 microbiota 2003:2012 the gut microbiota 1995:2012 the gut microbiota 1995:2012 A total of 19 KEGG biological pathways were significantly regulated in the gut microbiota with PomX and inulin alone or combined treatment. 28870713 4 34 theme % 704:704 arg1 energy 727:732 25% energy 723:732 25% energy from sucrose 723:745 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 34 theme % 704:704 arg1 energy 752:757 17% energy 748:757 17% energy from protein 748:770 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 34 theme % 704:704 arg1 energy 706:711 32% energy 702:711 32% energy from fat 702:720 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 3 35 from function 534:541 arg1 model 575:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 1 36 theme microbiota 156:165 arg1 dysbiosis 139:147 dysbiosis 139:147 dysbiosis of gut microbiota 139:165 Growing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. 28870713 3 37 theme present 355:361 arg1 study 363:367 the present study 351:367 the present study 351:367 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 6 38 theme Verrucomicrobiaceae 1137:1155 arg1 proportion 1123:1132 the proportion 1119:1132 the proportion of Verrucomicrobiaceae (A. muciniphila) 1119:1172 Supplementation with inulin alone and inulin + PomX combination significantly increased the proportion of Verrucomicrobiaceae (A. muciniphila) and decreased Clostridiaceae. 28870713 8 39 theme significant 1449:1459 arg1 increase 1461:1468 a significant increase 1447:1468 a significant increase 1447:1468 Feeding the inulin + PomX diet was associated with a significant increase in Bifidobacteriaceae and Rikenellaceae, which may have contributed to the reduction of endotoxemia markers. 28870713 4 40 theme % 750:750 arg1 energy 752:757 17% energy 748:757 17% energy from protein 748:770 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 40 theme % 750:750 arg1 energy 706:711 32% energy 702:711 32% energy from fat 702:720 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 3 41 theme pomegranate 443:453 arg1 PomX 464:467 PomX 464:467 PomX 464:467 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 3 41 theme pomegranate 443:453 arg1 extract 455:461 polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract 427:461 polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) 427:468 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 5 42 theme control 1011:1017 arg1 diet 1025:1028 the control HF/HS diet 1007:1028 the control HF/HS diet 1007:1028 In mice fed the PomX-diet the proportion of Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae was significantly increased compared to the control HF/HS diet. 28870713 4 43 dep [HF/HS 694:699 arg1 energy 727:732 25% energy 723:732 25% energy from sucrose 723:745 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 43 dep [HF/HS 694:699 arg1 energy 752:757 17% energy 748:757 17% energy from protein 748:770 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 43 dep [HF/HS 694:699 arg1 energy 706:711 32% energy 702:711 32% energy from fat 702:720 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 44 theme % 725:725 arg1 energy 727:732 25% energy 723:732 25% energy from sucrose 723:745 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 44 theme % 725:725 arg1 energy 706:711 32% energy 702:711 32% energy from fat 702:720 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 0 45 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 extract 20:26 Dietary pomegranate extract 0:26 Dietary pomegranate extract 0:26 Dietary pomegranate extract and inulin affect gut microbiome differentially in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 28870713 13 46 theme gene 2197:2200 arg1 expression 2202:2211 gene expression 2197:2211 gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes 2197:2270 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. 28870713 7 47 theme serum 1261:1265 arg1 LPS 1287:1289 LPS 1287:1289 LPS 1287:1289 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 7 47 theme serum 1261:1265 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1267:1284 serum lipopolysaccharide 1261:1284 serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1261:1290 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 3 48 dep composition 518:528 arg1 the 497:499 the 497:499 the 497:499 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 3 49 theme polysaccharide 401:414 arg1 inulin 416:421 polysaccharide inulin 401:421 polysaccharide inulin 401:421 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 12 50 theme LPS 2168:2170 arg1 increase 2150:2157 increase 2150:2157 increase of serum LPS and MCP-1 2150:2180 Inulin significantly enhanced KEGG infectious disease-related pathway associated with increase of serum LPS and MCP-1. 28870713 4 51 theme HF/HS 780:784 arg1 diet 786:789 HF/HS diet 780:789 HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%) 780:820 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 0 52 theme gut 46:48 arg1 microbiome 50:59 gut microbiome 46:59 gut microbiome 46:59 Dietary pomegranate extract and inulin affect gut microbiome differentially in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 28870713 7 53 theme inulin 1222:1227 arg1 diet 1229:1232 the inulin diet 1218:1232 the inulin diet 1218:1232 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 4 54 from fat 718:720 arg1 energy 727:732 25% energy 723:732 25% energy from sucrose 723:745 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 54 from fat 718:720 arg1 energy 752:757 17% energy 748:757 17% energy from protein 748:770 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 54 from fat 718:720 arg1 energy 706:711 32% energy 702:711 32% energy from fat 702:720 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 1 55 theme human 215:219 arg1 diseases 221:228 human diseases 215:228 human diseases 215:228 Growing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. 28870713 10 56 contain had 1795:1797 arg2 clusters 1818:1825 distinct microbial clusters 1799:1825 distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1799:1921 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 10 56 contain had 1795:1797 arg1 Inulin 1753:1758 Inulin 1753:1758 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX 1753:1793 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 10 57 theme microbial 1808:1816 arg1 clusters 1818:1825 distinct microbial clusters 1799:1825 distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1799:1921 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 3 58 theme microbiota 507:516 arg1 composition 518:528 cecal microbiota composition 501:528 cecal microbiota composition 501:528 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 15 59 theme food 2571:2574 arg1 components 2557:2566 bioactive components 2547:2566 bioactive components of food 2547:2574 It is therefore very important to consider the interaction among bioactive components of food when evaluating potential prebiotic effects. 28870713 7 60 theme Only 1204:1207 arg1 mice 1209:1212 Only mice 1204:1212 Only mice fed the inulin diet 1204:1232 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 9 61 theme lower 1609:1613 arg1 richness 1623:1630 lower species richness 1609:1630 lower species richness of gut microbiota compared to mice fed with HF/HS or HF/HS/PomX 1609:1694 Inulin supplementation showed lower species richness of gut microbiota compared to mice fed with HF/HS or HF/HS/PomX, and the reduction was reversed by the addition of PomX. 28870713 8 62 theme markers 1570:1576 arg1 reduction 1545:1553 the reduction 1541:1553 the reduction of endotoxemia markers 1541:1576 Feeding the inulin + PomX diet was associated with a significant increase in Bifidobacteriaceae and Rikenellaceae, which may have contributed to the reduction of endotoxemia markers. 28870713 12 63 theme MCP-1 2176:2180 arg1 increase 2150:2157 increase 2150:2157 increase of serum LPS and MCP-1 2150:2180 Inulin significantly enhanced KEGG infectious disease-related pathway associated with increase of serum LPS and MCP-1. 28870713 2 64 theme microbiota 309:318 arg1 metabolism 287:296 metabolism 287:296 metabolism 287:296 Using dietary intervention to shape the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized. 28870713 2 64 theme microbiota 309:318 arg1 composition 271:281 composition 271:281 composition 271:281 Using dietary intervention to shape the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized. 28870713 4 65 theme % 819:819 arg1 diet 786:789 HF/HS diet 780:789 HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%) 780:820 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 66 theme Male 582:585 arg1 mice 595:598 Male C57BL/6 mice 582:598 Male C57BL/6 mice 582:598 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 10 67 theme principle 1893:1901 arg1 analysis 1914:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 3 68 from composition 518:528 arg1 model 575:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 11 69 theme pathways 1954:1961 arg1 total 1926:1930 A total 1924:1930 A total of 19 KEGG biological pathways 1924:1961 A total of 19 KEGG biological pathways were significantly regulated in the gut microbiota with PomX and inulin alone or combined treatment. 28870713 9 70 theme gut 1635:1637 arg1 microbiota 1639:1648 gut microbiota 1635:1648 gut microbiota 1635:1648 Inulin supplementation showed lower species richness of gut microbiota compared to mice fed with HF/HS or HF/HS/PomX, and the reduction was reversed by the addition of PomX. 28870713 12 71 theme KEGG 2094:2097 arg1 pathway 2126:2132 KEGG infectious disease-related pathway 2094:2132 KEGG infectious disease-related pathway associated with increase of serum LPS and MCP-1 2094:2180 Inulin significantly enhanced KEGG infectious disease-related pathway associated with increase of serum LPS and MCP-1. 28870713 10 72 theme UniFrac 1870:1876 arg1 analysis 1914:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 3 73 theme obesity 561:567 arg1 model 575:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 12 74 theme disease-related 2110:2124 arg1 pathway 2126:2132 KEGG infectious disease-related pathway 2094:2132 KEGG infectious disease-related pathway associated with increase of serum LPS and MCP-1 2094:2180 Inulin significantly enhanced KEGG infectious disease-related pathway associated with increase of serum LPS and MCP-1. 28870713 3 75 theme diet 548:551 arg1 model 575:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 3 76 theme mouse 569:573 arg1 model 575:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 a diet induced obesity mouse model 546:579 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 13 77 theme tight 2251:2255 arg1 junction 2257:2264 tight junction 2251:2264 tight junction 2251:2264 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. 28870713 13 78 located observed 2277:2284 arg1 mice 2289:2292 mice 2289:2292 mice treated with PomX and inulin 2289:2321 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. 28870713 13 78 located observed 2277:2284 arg2 changes 2186:2192 No changes 2183:2192 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes 2183:2270 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. 28870713 15 79 theme prebiotic 2602:2610 arg1 effects 2612:2618 potential prebiotic effects 2592:2618 potential prebiotic effects 2592:2618 It is therefore very important to consider the interaction among bioactive components of food when evaluating potential prebiotic effects. 28870713 1 80 theme variety 204:210 arg1 pathogenesis 186:197 pathogenesis 186:197 pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases 186:228 Growing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. 28870713 4 81 theme experimental 632:643 arg1 groups 645:650 four experimental groups 627:650 four experimental groups 627:650 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 1 82 theme Growing 108:114 arg1 evidence 116:123 Growing evidence 108:123 Growing evidence 108:123 Growing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. 28870713 10 83 with combination 1773:1783 arg1 PomX 1790:1793 PomX 1790:1793 PomX 1790:1793 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 5 84 theme Turicibacteraceae 929:945 arg1 proportion 915:924 the proportion 911:924 the proportion of Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae 911:965 In mice fed the PomX-diet the proportion of Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae was significantly increased compared to the control HF/HS diet. 28870713 11 85 theme KEGG 1938:1941 arg1 pathways 1954:1961 19 KEGG biological pathways 1935:1961 19 KEGG biological pathways 1935:1961 A total of 19 KEGG biological pathways were significantly regulated in the gut microbiota with PomX and inulin alone or combined treatment. 28870713 7 86 theme monocyte 1296:1303 arg1 protein 1321:1327 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 1296:1329 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) 1296:1337 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 7 86 theme monocyte 1296:1303 arg1 MCP-1 1332:1336 MCP-1 1332:1336 MCP-1 1332:1336 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 5 87 theme Ruminococcaceae 951:965 arg1 proportion 915:924 the proportion 911:924 the proportion of Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae 911:965 In mice fed the PomX-diet the proportion of Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae was significantly increased compared to the control HF/HS diet. 28870713 4 88 from protein 764:770 arg1 energy 752:757 17% energy 748:757 17% energy from protein 748:770 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 88 from protein 764:770 arg1 energy 706:711 32% energy 702:711 32% energy from fat 702:720 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 13 89 theme proinflammatory 2222:2236 arg1 cytokine 2238:2245 proinflammatory cytokine 2222:2245 proinflammatory cytokine 2222:2245 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. 28870713 4 90 theme [HF/HS 694:699 arg1 diet 774:777 high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet 672:777 high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet 672:777 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 90 theme [HF/HS 694:699 arg1 % 835:835 9% 834:835 9% 834:835 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 1 91 theme gut 152:154 arg1 microbiota 156:165 gut microbiota 152:165 gut microbiota 152:165 Growing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. 28870713 4 92 theme 32 702:703 arg1 % 704:704 % 704:704 % 704:704 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 0 93 theme obesogenic 91:100 arg1 diet 102:105 an obesogenic diet 88:105 an obesogenic diet 88:105 Dietary pomegranate extract and inulin affect gut microbiome differentially in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 28870713 4 94 from sucrose 739:745 arg1 energy 727:732 25% energy 723:732 25% energy from sucrose 723:745 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 94 from sucrose 739:745 arg1 energy 706:711 32% energy 702:711 32% energy from fat 702:720 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 4 95 theme 17 748:749 arg1 % 750:750 % 750:750 % 750:750 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 3 96 theme extract 455:461 arg1 effects 390:396 the effects 386:396 the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model 386:579 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 0 97 theme pomegranate 8:18 arg1 extract 20:26 Dietary pomegranate extract 0:26 Dietary pomegranate extract 0:26 Dietary pomegranate extract and inulin affect gut microbiome differentially in mice fed an obesogenic diet. 28870713 5 98 theme HF/HS 1019:1023 arg1 diet 1025:1028 the control HF/HS diet 1007:1028 the control HF/HS diet 1007:1028 In mice fed the PomX-diet the proportion of Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae was significantly increased compared to the control HF/HS diet. 28870713 9 99 theme PomX 1747:1750 arg1 addition 1735:1742 the addition 1731:1742 the addition of PomX 1731:1750 Inulin supplementation showed lower species richness of gut microbiota compared to mice fed with HF/HS or HF/HS/PomX, and the reduction was reversed by the addition of PomX. 28870713 4 100 theme 25 723:724 arg1 % 725:725 % 725:725 % 725:725 Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. 28870713 3 101 theme polyphenol-rich 427:441 arg1 PomX 464:467 PomX 464:467 PomX 464:467 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 3 101 theme polyphenol-rich 427:441 arg1 extract 455:461 polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract 427:461 polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) 427:468 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 10 102 theme distinct 1799:1806 arg1 clusters 1818:1825 distinct microbial clusters 1799:1825 distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1799:1921 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 13 103 theme ileal 2216:2220 arg1 genes 2266:2270 ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes 2216:2270 ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes 2216:2270 No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. 28870713 3 104 theme inulin 416:421 arg1 effects 390:396 the effects 386:396 the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model 386:579 In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. 28870713 12 105 theme serum 2162:2166 arg1 LPS 2168:2170 serum LPS 2162:2170 serum LPS 2162:2170 Inulin significantly enhanced KEGG infectious disease-related pathway associated with increase of serum LPS and MCP-1. 28870713 14 106 theme dietary 2435:2441 arg1 PomX 2443:2446 dietary PomX 2435:2446 dietary PomX 2435:2446 Our results demonstrated that the gut microbiota and their biological pathways were differentially effected by dietary PomX and inulin fed combined or alone. 28870713 8 107 from increase 1461:1468 arg1 Rikenellaceae 1496:1508 Rikenellaceae 1496:1508 Rikenellaceae 1496:1508 Feeding the inulin + PomX diet was associated with a significant increase in Bifidobacteriaceae and Rikenellaceae, which may have contributed to the reduction of endotoxemia markers. 28870713 8 107 from increase 1461:1468 arg1 Bifidobacteriaceae 1473:1490 Bifidobacteriaceae 1473:1490 Bifidobacteriaceae 1473:1490 Feeding the inulin + PomX diet was associated with a significant increase in Bifidobacteriaceae and Rikenellaceae, which may have contributed to the reduction of endotoxemia markers. 28870713 7 108 from increase 1249:1256 arg1 protein 1321:1327 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 1296:1329 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) 1296:1337 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 7 108 from increase 1249:1256 arg1 MCP-1 1332:1336 MCP-1 1332:1336 MCP-1 1332:1336 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 7 108 from increase 1249:1256 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1267:1284 serum lipopolysaccharide 1261:1284 serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1261:1290 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 7 108 from increase 1249:1256 arg1 LPS 1287:1289 LPS 1287:1289 LPS 1287:1289 Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. 28870713 1 109 theme diseases 221:228 arg1 variety 204:210 a variety 202:210 a variety of human diseases 202:228 Growing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. 28870713 1 109 theme diseases 221:228 arg1 diseases 221:228 human diseases 215:228 human diseases 215:228 Growing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. 28870713 9 110 theme Inulin 1579:1584 arg1 supplementation 1586:1600 Inulin supplementation 1579:1600 Inulin supplementation 1579:1600 Inulin supplementation showed lower species richness of gut microbiota compared to mice fed with HF/HS or HF/HS/PomX, and the reduction was reversed by the addition of PomX. 28870713 8 111 theme endotoxemia 1558:1568 arg1 markers 1570:1576 endotoxemia markers 1558:1576 endotoxemia markers 1558:1576 Feeding the inulin + PomX diet was associated with a significant increase in Bifidobacteriaceae and Rikenellaceae, which may have contributed to the reduction of endotoxemia markers. 28870713 10 112 theme unweighted 1859:1868 arg1 analysis 1914:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis 1841:1921 Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. 28870713 14 113 theme biological 2383:2392 arg1 pathways 2394:2401 their biological pathways 2377:2401 their biological pathways 2377:2401 Our results demonstrated that the gut microbiota and their biological pathways were differentially effected by dietary PomX and inulin fed combined or alone. 28870713 15 114 theme bioactive 2547:2555 arg1 components 2557:2566 bioactive components 2547:2566 bioactive components of food 2547:2574 It is therefore very important to consider the interaction among bioactive components of food when evaluating potential prebiotic effects. 27898865 11 0 theme treatment 1438:1446 arg1 effect 1448:1453 no treatment effect 1435:1453 no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) 1435:1464 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 0 theme treatment 1438:1446 arg1 0.253 1459:1463 ≥ 0.253 1457:1463 ≥ 0.253 1457:1463 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 4 1 theme mg/kg 716:720 arg1 DM 722:723 4.4 mg/kg DM 712:723 4.4 mg/kg DM 712:723 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 9 2 theme adaptation 1289:1298 arg1 d 1306:1306 5 d 1304:1306 5 d of measurements 1304:1322 Experimental periods were 14 d in length (9 d of adaptation and 5 d of measurements). 27898865 9 2 theme adaptation 1289:1298 arg1 d 1284:1284 9 d 1282:1284 9 d of adaptation 1282:1298 Experimental periods were 14 d in length (9 d of adaptation and 5 d of measurements). 27898865 10 3 theme OM 1351:1352 arg1 digestibilities 1367:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities 1326:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities 1326:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities were similar among treatments ( ≥ 0.224). 27898865 5 4 from differences 801:811 arg1 HCW 903:905 HCW 903:905 HCW 903:905 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 4 from differences 801:811 arg1 performance 823:833 growth performance 816:833 growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) 816:872 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 4 from differences 801:811 arg1 characteristics 886:900 carcass characteristics 878:900 carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) 878:951 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 4 from differences 801:811 arg1 fat 939:941 12th-rib fat 930:941 12th-rib fat 930:941 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 4 from differences 801:811 arg1 percent 917:923 dressing percent 908:923 dressing percent 908:923 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 1 5 theme total 246:250 arg1 digestibility 267:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 4 6 theme mg/kg 688:692 arg1 DM 694:695 25 mg/kg DM 685:695 25 mg/kg DM 685:695 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 10 7 theme DM 1347:1348 arg1 digestibilities 1367:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities 1326:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities 1326:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities were similar among treatments ( ≥ 0.224). 27898865 1 8 theme monensin 149:156 arg1 effects 138:144 the effects 134:144 the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 134:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 9 theme tract 252:256 arg1 digestibility 267:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 7 10 theme Exp 1085:1087 arg1 treatments 1071:1080 the 5 treatments 1065:1080 the 5 treatments of Exp 1065:1087 2, 7 ruminally fistulated steers were used in a 7 × 7 Latin square design to evaluate the 5 treatments of Exp. 27898865 1 11 theme virginiamycin 159:171 arg1 effects 138:144 the effects 134:144 the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 134:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 4 12 theme 20 742:743 arg1 mg/kg 745:749 mg/kg 745:749 mg/kg 745:749 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 13 from DM 751:752 arg1 pens 550:553 4 pens 548:553 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen) 548:581 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 13 from DM 751:752 arg1 monensin 730:737 monensin 730:737 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin 730:768 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 13 from DM 751:752 arg1 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 698:723 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 13 from DM 751:752 arg1 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 609:636 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 13 from DM 751:752 arg1 monensin 639:646 monensin 639:646 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 639:695 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 13 from DM 751:752 arg1 monensin 584:591 monensin 584:591 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM 584:606 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 10 14 theme CP 1355:1356 arg1 digestibilities 1367:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities 1326:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities 1326:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities were similar among treatments ( ≥ 0.224). 27898865 9 15 theme measurements 1311:1322 arg1 d 1306:1306 5 d 1304:1306 5 d of measurements 1304:1322 Experimental periods were 14 d in length (9 d of adaptation and 5 d of measurements). 27898865 9 15 theme measurements 1311:1322 arg1 d 1284:1284 9 d 1282:1284 9 d of adaptation 1282:1298 Experimental periods were 14 d in length (9 d of adaptation and 5 d of measurements). 27898865 12 16 theme WSC-based 1632:1640 arg1 diet 1642:1645 a no-roughage WSC-based diet 1618:1645 a no-roughage WSC-based diet 1618:1645 In conclusion, no evidence of benefits to cattle fed a no-roughage WSC-based diet was found to support the use of monensin combined with virginiamycin or flavomycin in the doses tested herein. 27898865 8 17 from DM 1236:1237 arg1 mg/kg 1198:1202 20 mg/kg 1195:1202 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 1195:1237 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 1 18 theme corn 368:371 arg1 based 379:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 18 theme corn 368:371 arg1 diet 348:351 a no-roughage finishing diet 324:351 a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 324:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 3 19 theme feedlot 496:502 arg1 trial 504:508 a 101-d feedlot trial 488:508 a 101-d feedlot trial 488:508 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 12 20 theme benefits 1595:1602 arg1 evidence 1583:1590 no evidence 1580:1590 no evidence of benefits to cattle fed a no-roughage WSC-based diet 1580:1645 In conclusion, no evidence of benefits to cattle fed a no-roughage WSC-based diet was found to support the use of monensin combined with virginiamycin or flavomycin in the doses tested herein. 27898865 7 21 theme square 1039:1044 arg1 design 1046:1051 a 7 × 7 Latin square design 1025:1051 a 7 × 7 Latin square design 1025:1051 2, 7 ruminally fistulated steers were used in a 7 × 7 Latin square design to evaluate the 5 treatments of Exp. 27898865 4 22 theme mg/kg 599:603 arg1 DM 605:606 30 mg/kg DM 596:606 30 mg/kg DM 596:606 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 23 from DM 660:661 arg1 pens 550:553 4 pens 548:553 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen) 548:581 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 23 from DM 660:661 arg1 monensin 730:737 monensin 730:737 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin 730:768 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 23 from DM 660:661 arg1 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 698:723 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 23 from DM 660:661 arg1 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 609:636 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 23 from DM 660:661 arg1 monensin 639:646 monensin 639:646 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 639:695 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 23 from DM 660:661 arg1 monensin 584:591 monensin 584:591 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM 584:606 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 24 dep mg/kg 1198:1202 arg1 DM 1204:1205 DM 1204:1205 DM 1204:1205 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 24 dep mg/kg 1198:1202 arg1 flavomycin 1212:1221 flavomycin 1212:1221 flavomycin 1212:1221 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 3 25 from BW 482:483 arg1 trial 504:508 a 101-d feedlot trial 488:508 a 101-d feedlot trial 488:508 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 4 26 from flavomycin 759:768 arg1 pens 550:553 4 pens 548:553 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen) 548:581 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 26 from flavomycin 759:768 arg1 monensin 730:737 monensin 730:737 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin 730:768 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 26 from flavomycin 759:768 arg1 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 698:723 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 26 from flavomycin 759:768 arg1 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 609:636 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 26 from flavomycin 759:768 arg1 monensin 639:646 monensin 639:646 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 639:695 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 26 from flavomycin 759:768 arg1 monensin 584:591 monensin 584:591 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM 584:606 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 1 27 theme zebu 308:311 arg1 cattle 313:318 zebu cattle 308:318 zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 308:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 0 28 from virginiamycin 10:22 arg1 diet 67:70 a no-roughage finishing diet 43:70 a no-roughage finishing diet 43:70 Monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin in a no-roughage finishing diet fed to zebu cattle. 27898865 8 29 theme 25 1167:1168 arg1 mg/kg 1170:1174 mg/kg 1170:1174 mg/kg 1170:1174 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 30 theme mg/kg 629:633 arg1 DM 635:636 25 mg/kg DM 626:636 25 mg/kg DM 626:636 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 1 31 theme no-roughage 326:336 arg1 based 379:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 31 theme no-roughage 326:336 arg1 diet 348:351 a no-roughage finishing diet 324:351 a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 324:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 9 32 from d 1269:1269 arg1 length 1274:1279 length 1274:1279 length (9 d of adaptation and 5 d of measurements) 1274:1323 Experimental periods were 14 d in length (9 d of adaptation and 5 d of measurements). 27898865 4 33 theme 2.2 773:775 arg1 mg/kg 777:781 mg/kg 777:781 mg/kg 777:781 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 5 34 theme ≥ 944:944 arg1 0.235 946:950 ≥ 0.235 944:950 HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235 903:950 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 4 35 theme mg/kg 654:658 arg1 DM 660:661 20 mg/kg DM 651:661 20 mg/kg DM 651:661 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 7 36 theme × 1029:1029 arg1 design 1046:1051 a 7 × 7 Latin square design 1025:1051 a 7 × 7 Latin square design 1025:1051 2, 7 ruminally fistulated steers were used in a 7 × 7 Latin square design to evaluate the 5 treatments of Exp. 27898865 5 37 theme dressing 908:915 arg1 percent 917:923 dressing percent 908:923 dressing percent 908:923 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 37 theme dressing 908:915 arg1 characteristics 886:900 carcass characteristics 878:900 carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) 878:951 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 7 38 used used 1017:1020 arg2 steers 1005:1010 2, 7 ruminally fistulated steers 979:1010 2, 7 ruminally fistulated steers 979:1010 2, 7 ruminally fistulated steers were used in a 7 × 7 Latin square design to evaluate the 5 treatments of Exp. 27898865 3 39 theme crossbred 402:410 arg1 BW 454:455 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW 421:455 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW 421:455 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 3 39 theme crossbred 402:410 arg1 bulls 412:416 1, 100 crossbred bulls 395:416 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) 395:456 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 8 40 dep mg/kg 1136:1140 arg1 virginiamycin 1150:1162 virginiamycin 1150:1162 virginiamycin 1150:1162 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 40 dep mg/kg 1136:1140 arg1 DM 1142:1143 DM 1142:1143 DM 1142:1143 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 11 41 theme rumen 1469:1473 arg1 number 1544:1549 number 1544:1549 number of protozoa 1544:1561 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 41 theme rumen 1469:1473 arg1 nitrogen 1525:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 41 theme rumen 1469:1473 arg1 responses 1488:1496 rumen fermentation responses 1469:1496 rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa) 1469:1562 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 41 theme rumen 1469:1473 arg1 pH 1507:1508 ruminal pH 1499:1508 ruminal pH 1499:1508 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 41 theme rumen 1469:1473 arg1 VFA 1535:1537 VFA 1535:1537 VFA 1535:1537 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 0 42 theme no-roughage 45:55 arg1 diet 67:70 a no-roughage finishing diet 43:70 a no-roughage finishing diet 43:70 Monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin in a no-roughage finishing diet fed to zebu cattle. 27898865 8 43 from DM 1176:1177 arg1 mg/kg 1136:1140 30 mg/kg 1133:1140 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 1133:1177 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 5 44 theme final 836:840 arg1 BW 842:843 final BW 836:843 final BW 836:843 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 8 45 theme 4.4 1226:1228 arg1 mg/kg 1230:1234 mg/kg 1230:1234 mg/kg 1230:1234 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 1 46 theme growth 192:197 arg1 performance 199:209 growth performance 192:209 growth performance 192:209 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 5 47 dep G 860:860 arg1 ≥ 865:865 ≥ 0.527 865:871 G:F; ≥ 0.527 860:871 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 47 dep G 860:860 arg1 F 862:862 F 862:862 G:F; ≥ 0.527 860:871 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 8 48 theme additional 1098:1107 arg1 monensin 1121:1128 monensin 1121:1128 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 1121:1177 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 48 theme additional 1098:1107 arg1 treatments 1109:1118 1 and 2 additional treatments 1090:1118 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 1090:1238 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 48 theme additional 1098:1107 arg1 monensin 1183:1190 monensin 1183:1190 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 1183:1237 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 10 49 theme tract 1341:1345 arg1 DM 1347:1348 Apparent total tract DM 1326:1348 Apparent total tract DM 1326:1348 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities were similar among treatments ( ≥ 0.224). 27898865 3 50 theme [SD 428:430 arg1 BW 454:455 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW 421:455 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW 421:455 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 3 50 theme [SD 428:430 arg1 bulls 412:416 1, 100 crossbred bulls 395:416 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) 395:456 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 12 51 from use 1672:1674 arg1 doses 1737:1741 the doses 1733:1741 the doses tested herein 1733:1755 In conclusion, no evidence of benefits to cattle fed a no-roughage WSC-based diet was found to support the use of monensin combined with virginiamycin or flavomycin in the doses tested herein. 27898865 5 52 theme 12th-rib 930:937 arg1 characteristics 886:900 carcass characteristics 878:900 carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) 878:951 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 52 theme 12th-rib 930:937 arg1 fat 939:941 12th-rib fat 930:941 12th-rib fat 930:941 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 8 53 from mg/kg 1198:1202 arg1 monensin 1121:1128 monensin 1121:1128 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 1121:1177 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 53 from mg/kg 1198:1202 arg1 treatments 1109:1118 1 and 2 additional treatments 1090:1118 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 1090:1238 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 53 from mg/kg 1198:1202 arg1 monensin 1183:1190 monensin 1183:1190 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 1183:1237 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 1 54 theme apparent 237:244 arg1 digestibility 267:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 10 55 theme NDF 1363:1365 arg1 digestibilities 1367:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities 1326:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities 1326:1381 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities were similar among treatments ( ≥ 0.224). 27898865 4 56 theme 4.4 712:714 arg1 mg/kg 716:720 mg/kg 716:720 mg/kg 716:720 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 3 57 theme initial 446:452 arg1 BW 454:455 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW 421:455 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW 421:455 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 3 57 theme initial 446:452 arg1 bulls 412:416 1, 100 crossbred bulls 395:416 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) 395:456 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 4 58 theme 25 685:686 arg1 mg/kg 688:692 mg/kg 688:692 mg/kg 688:692 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 3 59 theme initial 474:480 arg1 BW 482:483 initial BW 474:483 initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial 474:508 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 5 60 dep performance 823:833 arg1 ADG 846:848 ADG 846:848 ADG 846:848 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 60 dep performance 823:833 arg1 BW 842:843 final BW 836:843 final BW 836:843 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 60 dep performance 823:833 arg1 DMI 851:853 DMI 851:853 DMI 851:853 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 60 dep performance 823:833 arg1 G 860:860 G 860:860 G:F; ≥ 0.527 860:871 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 11 61 theme protozoa 1554:1561 arg1 number 1544:1549 number 1544:1549 number of protozoa 1544:1561 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 61 theme protozoa 1554:1561 arg1 nitrogen 1525:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 61 theme protozoa 1554:1561 arg1 responses 1488:1496 rumen fermentation responses 1469:1496 rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa) 1469:1562 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 61 theme protozoa 1554:1561 arg1 pH 1507:1508 ruminal pH 1499:1508 ruminal pH 1499:1508 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 61 theme protozoa 1554:1561 arg1 VFA 1535:1537 VFA 1535:1537 VFA 1535:1537 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 1 62 theme shelled 360:366 arg1 based 379:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 62 theme shelled 360:366 arg1 diet 348:351 a no-roughage finishing diet 324:351 a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 324:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 3 63 theme 101-d 490:494 arg1 trial 504:508 a 101-d feedlot trial 488:508 a 101-d feedlot trial 488:508 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 1 64 theme flavomycin 178:187 arg1 effects 138:144 the effects 134:144 the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 134:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 4 65 theme mg/kg 745:749 arg1 DM 751:752 20 mg/kg DM 742:752 20 mg/kg DM 742:752 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 12 66 theme no-roughage 1620:1630 arg1 diet 1642:1645 a no-roughage WSC-based diet 1618:1645 a no-roughage WSC-based diet 1618:1645 In conclusion, no evidence of benefits to cattle fed a no-roughage WSC-based diet was found to support the use of monensin combined with virginiamycin or flavomycin in the doses tested herein. 27898865 1 67 theme [WSC 373:376 arg1 based 379:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 67 theme [WSC 373:376 arg1 diet 348:351 a no-roughage finishing diet 324:351 a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 324:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 11 68 theme ruminal 1499:1505 arg1 responses 1488:1496 rumen fermentation responses 1469:1496 rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa) 1469:1562 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 68 theme ruminal 1499:1505 arg1 pH 1507:1508 ruminal pH 1499:1508 ruminal pH 1499:1508 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 4 69 from virginiamycin 668:680 arg1 pens 550:553 4 pens 548:553 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen) 548:581 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 69 from virginiamycin 668:680 arg1 monensin 730:737 monensin 730:737 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin 730:768 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 69 from virginiamycin 668:680 arg1 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 698:723 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 69 from virginiamycin 668:680 arg1 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 609:636 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 69 from virginiamycin 668:680 arg1 monensin 639:646 monensin 639:646 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 639:695 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 69 from virginiamycin 668:680 arg1 monensin 584:591 monensin 584:591 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM 584:606 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 0 70 from Monensin 0:7 arg1 diet 67:70 a no-roughage finishing diet 43:70 a no-roughage finishing diet 43:70 Monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin in a no-roughage finishing diet fed to zebu cattle. 27898865 4 71 from DM 635:636 arg1 pens 550:553 4 pens 548:553 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen) 548:581 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 71 from DM 635:636 arg1 monensin 730:737 monensin 730:737 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin 730:768 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 71 from DM 635:636 arg1 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 698:723 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 71 from DM 635:636 arg1 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 609:636 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 71 from DM 635:636 arg1 monensin 639:646 monensin 639:646 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 639:695 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 71 from DM 635:636 arg1 monensin 584:591 monensin 584:591 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM 584:606 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 72 theme 30 596:597 arg1 mg/kg 599:603 mg/kg 599:603 mg/kg 599:603 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 0 73 theme finishing 57:65 arg1 diet 67:70 a no-roughage finishing diet 43:70 a no-roughage finishing diet 43:70 Monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin in a no-roughage finishing diet fed to zebu cattle. 27898865 4 74 from DM 722:723 arg1 pens 550:553 4 pens 548:553 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen) 548:581 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 74 from DM 722:723 arg1 monensin 730:737 monensin 730:737 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin 730:768 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 74 from DM 722:723 arg1 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 698:723 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 74 from DM 722:723 arg1 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 609:636 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 74 from DM 722:723 arg1 monensin 639:646 monensin 639:646 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 639:695 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 74 from DM 722:723 arg1 monensin 584:591 monensin 584:591 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM 584:606 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 11 75 theme ammonia 1517:1523 arg1 nitrogen 1525:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 75 theme ammonia 1517:1523 arg1 responses 1488:1496 rumen fermentation responses 1469:1496 rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa) 1469:1562 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 4 76 theme mg/kg 777:781 arg1 DM 783:784 2.2 mg/kg DM 773:784 2.2 mg/kg DM 773:784 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 7 77 theme Latin 1033:1037 arg1 design 1046:1051 a 7 × 7 Latin square design 1025:1051 a 7 × 7 Latin square design 1025:1051 2, 7 ruminally fistulated steers were used in a 7 × 7 Latin square design to evaluate the 5 treatments of Exp. 27898865 1 78 theme cattle 313:318 arg1 digestibility 267:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 78 theme cattle 313:318 arg1 fermentation 292:303 rumen fermentation 286:303 rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 286:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 78 theme cattle 313:318 arg1 performance 199:209 growth performance 192:209 growth performance 192:209 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 78 theme cattle 313:318 arg1 characteristics 220:234 carcass characteristics 212:234 carcass characteristics 212:234 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 8 79 theme mg/kg 1170:1174 arg1 DM 1176:1177 25 mg/kg DM 1167:1177 25 mg/kg DM 1167:1177 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 1 80 theme whole 354:358 arg1 based 379:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 80 theme whole 354:358 arg1 diet 348:351 a no-roughage finishing diet 324:351 a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 324:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 0 81 theme zebu 79:82 arg1 cattle 84:89 zebu cattle 79:89 zebu cattle 79:89 Monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin in a no-roughage finishing diet fed to zebu cattle. 27898865 5 82 theme carcass 878:884 arg1 HCW 903:905 HCW 903:905 HCW 903:905 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 82 theme carcass 878:884 arg1 percent 917:923 dressing percent 908:923 dressing percent 908:923 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 82 theme carcass 878:884 arg1 characteristics 886:900 carcass characteristics 878:900 carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) 878:951 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 82 theme carcass 878:884 arg1 fat 939:941 12th-rib fat 930:941 12th-rib fat 930:941 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 12 83 located found 1651:1655 arg1 conclusion 1568:1577 conclusion 1568:1577 conclusion 1568:1577 In conclusion, no evidence of benefits to cattle fed a no-roughage WSC-based diet was found to support the use of monensin combined with virginiamycin or flavomycin in the doses tested herein. 27898865 12 83 located found 1651:1655 arg2 evidence 1583:1590 no evidence 1580:1590 no evidence of benefits to cattle fed a no-roughage WSC-based diet 1580:1645 In conclusion, no evidence of benefits to cattle fed a no-roughage WSC-based diet was found to support the use of monensin combined with virginiamycin or flavomycin in the doses tested herein. 27898865 1 84 from effects 138:144 arg1 digestibility 267:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 84 from effects 138:144 arg1 fermentation 292:303 rumen fermentation 286:303 rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 286:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 84 from effects 138:144 arg1 performance 199:209 growth performance 192:209 growth performance 192:209 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 84 from effects 138:144 arg1 characteristics 220:234 carcass characteristics 212:234 carcass characteristics 212:234 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 5 85 dep HCW 903:905 arg1 0.235 946:950 ≥ 0.235 944:950 HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235 903:950 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 4 86 theme 25 626:627 arg1 mg/kg 629:633 mg/kg 629:633 mg/kg 629:633 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 87 from mg/kg 1136:1140 arg1 monensin 1121:1128 monensin 1121:1128 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 1121:1177 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 87 from mg/kg 1136:1140 arg1 treatments 1109:1118 1 and 2 additional treatments 1090:1118 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 1090:1238 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 87 from mg/kg 1136:1140 arg1 monensin 1183:1190 monensin 1183:1190 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 1183:1237 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 1 88 theme finishing 338:346 arg1 based 379:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 whole shelled corn [WSC] based 354:383 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 1 88 theme finishing 338:346 arg1 diet 348:351 a no-roughage finishing diet 324:351 a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 324:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 0 89 from flavomycin 29:38 arg1 diet 67:70 a no-roughage finishing diet 43:70 a no-roughage finishing diet 43:70 Monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin in a no-roughage finishing diet fed to zebu cattle. 27898865 4 90 from DM 694:695 arg1 pens 550:553 4 pens 548:553 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen) 548:581 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 90 from DM 694:695 arg1 monensin 730:737 monensin 730:737 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin 730:768 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 90 from DM 694:695 arg1 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 698:723 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 90 from DM 694:695 arg1 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 609:636 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 90 from DM 694:695 arg1 monensin 639:646 monensin 639:646 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 639:695 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 90 from DM 694:695 arg1 monensin 584:591 monensin 584:591 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM 584:606 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 9 91 dep length 1274:1279 arg1 d 1306:1306 5 d 1304:1306 5 d of measurements 1304:1322 Experimental periods were 14 d in length (9 d of adaptation and 5 d of measurements). 27898865 9 91 dep length 1274:1279 arg1 d 1284:1284 9 d 1282:1284 9 d of adaptation 1282:1298 Experimental periods were 14 d in length (9 d of adaptation and 5 d of measurements). 27898865 1 92 theme nutrient 258:265 arg1 digestibility 267:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 apparent total tract nutrient digestibility 237:279 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 4 93 from DM 605:606 arg1 pens 550:553 4 pens 548:553 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen) 548:581 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 93 from DM 605:606 arg1 monensin 730:737 monensin 730:737 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin 730:768 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 93 from DM 605:606 arg1 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin 698:707 flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 698:723 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 93 from DM 605:606 arg1 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin 609:621 virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 609:636 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 93 from DM 605:606 arg1 monensin 639:646 monensin 639:646 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 639:695 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 4 93 from DM 605:606 arg1 monensin 584:591 monensin 584:591 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM 584:606 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 5 94 theme growth 816:821 arg1 performance 823:833 growth performance 816:833 growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) 816:872 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 7 95 theme fistulated 994:1003 arg1 steers 1005:1010 2, 7 ruminally fistulated steers 979:1010 2, 7 ruminally fistulated steers 979:1010 2, 7 ruminally fistulated steers were used in a 7 × 7 Latin square design to evaluate the 5 treatments of Exp. 27898865 12 96 theme monensin 1679:1686 arg1 use 1672:1674 the use 1668:1674 the use of monensin combined with virginiamycin or flavomycin in the doses tested herein 1668:1755 In conclusion, no evidence of benefits to cattle fed a no-roughage WSC-based diet was found to support the use of monensin combined with virginiamycin or flavomycin in the doses tested herein. 27898865 11 97 theme fermentation 1475:1486 arg1 number 1544:1549 number 1544:1549 number of protozoa 1544:1561 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 97 theme fermentation 1475:1486 arg1 nitrogen 1525:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 97 theme fermentation 1475:1486 arg1 responses 1488:1496 rumen fermentation responses 1469:1496 rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa) 1469:1562 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 97 theme fermentation 1475:1486 arg1 pH 1507:1508 ruminal pH 1499:1508 ruminal pH 1499:1508 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 97 theme fermentation 1475:1486 arg1 VFA 1535:1537 VFA 1535:1537 VFA 1535:1537 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 1 98 theme rumen 286:290 arg1 fermentation 292:303 rumen fermentation 286:303 rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based) 286:384 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 27898865 9 99 theme Experimental 1240:1251 arg1 periods 1253:1259 Experimental periods 1240:1259 Experimental periods 1240:1259 Experimental periods were 14 d in length (9 d of adaptation and 5 d of measurements). 27898865 5 100 dep characteristics 886:900 arg1 HCW 903:905 HCW 903:905 HCW 903:905 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 100 dep characteristics 886:900 arg1 percent 917:923 dressing percent 908:923 dressing percent 908:923 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 100 dep characteristics 886:900 arg1 characteristics 886:900 carcass characteristics 878:900 carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) 878:951 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 5 100 dep characteristics 886:900 arg1 fat 939:941 12th-rib fat 930:941 12th-rib fat 930:941 There were no differences in growth performance (final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F; ≥ 0.527) and carcass characteristics (HCW, dressing percent, and 12th-rib fat; ≥ 0.235) among treatments. 27898865 8 101 theme mg/kg 1230:1234 arg1 DM 1236:1237 4.4 mg/kg DM 1226:1237 4.4 mg/kg DM 1226:1237 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 3 102 theme kg 425:426 arg1 BW 454:455 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW 421:455 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW 421:455 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 3 102 theme kg 425:426 arg1 bulls 412:416 1, 100 crossbred bulls 395:416 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) 395:456 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 8 103 dep treatments 1109:1118 arg1 monensin 1121:1128 monensin 1121:1128 monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM 1121:1177 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 103 dep treatments 1109:1118 arg1 treatments 1109:1118 1 and 2 additional treatments 1090:1118 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 1090:1238 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 8 103 dep treatments 1109:1118 arg1 monensin 1183:1190 monensin 1183:1190 monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM 1183:1237 1 and 2 additional treatments: monensin at 30 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM. 27898865 11 104 theme rumen 1511:1515 arg1 nitrogen 1525:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 104 theme rumen 1511:1515 arg1 responses 1488:1496 rumen fermentation responses 1469:1496 rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa) 1469:1562 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 10 105 theme total 1335:1339 arg1 DM 1347:1348 Apparent total tract DM 1326:1348 Apparent total tract DM 1326:1348 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities were similar among treatments ( ≥ 0.224). 27898865 11 106 dep responses 1488:1496 arg1 number 1544:1549 number 1544:1549 number of protozoa 1544:1561 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 106 dep responses 1488:1496 arg1 nitrogen 1525:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 rumen ammonia nitrogen 1511:1532 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 106 dep responses 1488:1496 arg1 responses 1488:1496 rumen fermentation responses 1469:1496 rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa) 1469:1562 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 106 dep responses 1488:1496 arg1 pH 1507:1508 ruminal pH 1499:1508 ruminal pH 1499:1508 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 11 106 dep responses 1488:1496 arg1 VFA 1535:1537 VFA 1535:1537 VFA 1535:1537 There was no treatment effect ( ≥ 0.253) in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, VFA, and number of protozoa). 27898865 10 107 theme Apparent 1326:1333 arg1 DM 1347:1348 Apparent total tract DM 1326:1348 Apparent total tract DM 1326:1348 Apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibilities were similar among treatments ( ≥ 0.224). 27898865 4 108 theme 20 651:652 arg1 mg/kg 654:658 mg/kg 654:658 mg/kg 654:658 Five treatments were evaluated using 4 pens per treatment (5 bulls/pen): monensin at 30 mg/kg DM, virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus virginiamycin at 25 mg/kg DM, flavomycin at 4.4 mg/kg DM, and monensin at 20 mg/kg DM plus flavomycin at 2.2 mg/kg DM. 27898865 3 109 theme average 438:444 arg1 BW 454:455 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW 421:455 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW 421:455 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 3 109 theme average 438:444 arg1 bulls 412:416 1, 100 crossbred bulls 395:416 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) 395:456 1, 100 crossbred bulls (; 392 kg [SD 46.8] average initial BW) were blocked by initial BW in a 101-d feedlot trial. 27898865 1 110 theme carcass 212:218 arg1 characteristics 220:234 carcass characteristics 212:234 carcass characteristics 212:234 Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of zebu cattle fed a no-roughage finishing diet (whole shelled corn [WSC] based). 25894505 8 0 theme coated 1250:1255 arg1 fruit 1264:1268 coated citrus fruit 1250:1268 coated citrus fruit 1250:1268 The addition of chitosan combined with cress and pomegranate extracts, to the coating materials, prevented coated citrus fruit from decay by green and blue mold for a 2-week storage period. 25894505 4 1 theme pomegranate 778:788 arg1 extract 813:819 pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract 778:819 pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract 778:819 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 4 2 theme peel 808:811 arg1 extract 813:819 pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract 778:819 pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract 778:819 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 8 3 theme citrus 1257:1262 arg1 fruit 1264:1268 coated citrus fruit 1250:1268 coated citrus fruit 1250:1268 The addition of chitosan combined with cress and pomegranate extracts, to the coating materials, prevented coated citrus fruit from decay by green and blue mold for a 2-week storage period. 25894505 0 4 theme chitosan/plant 74:87 arg1 extracts 89:96 fungal chitosan/plant extracts 67:96 fungal chitosan/plant extracts 67:96 Control of citrus molds using bioactive coatings incorporated with fungal chitosan/plant extracts composite. 25894505 1 5 theme due 167:169 arg1 fruits 159:164 citrus fruits 152:164 citrus fruits 152:164 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 3 6 from pods 468:471 arg1 rouxii 381:386 Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts 375:406 rouxii 381:386 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 6 from pods 468:471 arg1 extracts 399:406 Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts 375:406 extracts 399:406 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 7 dep in 581:582 arg1 vitro 584:588 vitro 584:588 vitro 584:588 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 8 8 theme blue 1294:1297 arg1 mold 1299:1302 blue mold 1294:1302 blue mold for a 2-week storage period 1294:1330 The addition of chitosan combined with cress and pomegranate extracts, to the coating materials, prevented coated citrus fruit from decay by green and blue mold for a 2-week storage period. 25894505 3 9 theme quantitative 606:617 arg1 assays 619:624 in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays 581:624 in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays 581:624 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 4 10 theme Punica 791:796 arg1 extract 813:819 pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract 778:819 pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract 778:819 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 3 11 theme pomegranate 440:450 arg1 peels 452:456 pomegranate peels 440:456 pomegranate peels 440:456 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 2 12 theme Penicillium 275:285 arg1 spp. 287:290 Penicillium spp. 275:290 Penicillium spp. 275:290 Most of citrus damage is caused by Penicillium spp., e.g. green mold (P. digitatum) and blue mold (P. italicum). 25894505 4 13 dep RESULTS 627:633 arg1 exhibited 661:669 exhibited 661:669 exhibited potent antifungal activity 661:696 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 9 14 theme CONCLUSION 1333:1342 arg1 derivatives 1352:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives 1333:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives 1333:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 9 14 theme CONCLUSION 1333:1342 arg1 alternatives 1408:1419 powerful antifungal alternatives 1388:1419 powerful antifungal alternatives 1388:1419 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 7 15 theme natural 1047:1053 arg1 agent 1055:1059 each individual natural agent 1031:1059 each individual natural agent 1031:1059 The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material resulted in a great reduction in fungal growth and viability. 25894505 9 16 theme fungal 1463:1468 arg1 decay 1470:1474 postharvest fungal decay 1451:1474 postharvest fungal decay 1451:1474 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 3 17 theme antifungal 492:501 arg1 agents 503:508 antifungal agents 492:508 antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum 492:572 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 17 theme antifungal 492:501 arg1 chitosan 360:367 Fungal chitosan 353:367 Fungal chitosan 353:367 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 7 18 theme fungal 1114:1119 arg1 growth 1121:1126 growth 1121:1126 growth 1121:1126 The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material resulted in a great reduction in fungal growth and viability. 25894505 3 19 from peels 452:456 arg1 rouxii 381:386 Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts 375:406 rouxii 381:386 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 19 from peels 452:456 arg1 extracts 399:406 Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts 375:406 extracts 399:406 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 2 20 dep mold 333:336 arg1 italicum 342:349 P. italicum 339:349 P. italicum 339:349 Most of citrus damage is caused by Penicillium spp., e.g. green mold (P. digitatum) and blue mold (P. italicum). 25894505 9 21 theme Natural 1344:1350 arg1 derivatives 1352:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives 1333:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives 1333:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 9 21 theme Natural 1344:1350 arg1 alternatives 1408:1419 powerful antifungal alternatives 1388:1419 powerful antifungal alternatives 1388:1419 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 7 22 from reduction 1101:1109 arg1 viability 1132:1140 viability 1132:1140 viability 1132:1140 The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material resulted in a great reduction in fungal growth and viability. 25894505 7 22 from reduction 1101:1109 arg1 growth 1121:1126 growth 1121:1126 growth 1121:1126 The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material resulted in a great reduction in fungal growth and viability. 25894505 4 23 theme seed 752:755 arg1 sativum 743:749 Lepidium sativum 734:749 Lepidium sativum 734:749 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 4 23 theme seed 752:755 arg1 extract 757:763 cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract 727:763 cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract 727:763 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 4 23 theme seed 752:755 arg1 agent 717:721 the most powerful agent 699:721 the most powerful agent 699:721 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 1 24 from loss 144:147 arg1 fruits 159:164 citrus fruits 152:164 citrus fruits 152:164 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 3 25 theme senna 462:466 arg1 pods 468:471 senna pods 462:471 senna pods 462:471 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 1 26 theme fungal 174:179 arg1 infection 181:189 fungal infection 174:189 fungal infection 174:189 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 3 27 from seeds 419:423 arg1 rouxii 381:386 Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts 375:406 rouxii 381:386 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 27 from seeds 419:423 arg1 extracts 399:406 Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts 375:406 extracts 399:406 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 2 28 theme green 298:302 arg1 mold 304:307 green mold 298:307 green mold (P. digitatum) 298:322 Most of citrus damage is caused by Penicillium spp., e.g. green mold (P. digitatum) and blue mold (P. italicum). 25894505 6 29 theme examined 993:1000 arg1 agents 1002:1007 all examined agents 989:1007 all examined agents 989:1007 Penicillium digitatum was generally more resistant than P. italicum toward all examined agents. 25894505 4 30 theme powerful 708:715 arg1 agent 717:721 the most powerful agent 699:721 the most powerful agent 699:721 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 4 30 theme powerful 708:715 arg1 extract 757:763 cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract 727:763 cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract 727:763 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 5 31 theme evaluation 895:904 arg1 assays 906:911 both evaluation assays 890:911 both evaluation assays 890:911 Fungal chitosan also had a remarkable fungicidal potentiality using both evaluation assays. 25894505 3 32 theme in 581:582 arg1 assays 619:624 in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays 581:624 in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays 581:624 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 2 33 dep mold 304:307 arg1 digitatum 313:321 P. digitatum 310:321 P. digitatum 310:321 Most of citrus damage is caused by Penicillium spp., e.g. green mold (P. digitatum) and blue mold (P. italicum). 25894505 2 33 dep mold 304:307 arg1 e.g. 293:296 e.g. 293:296 e.g. 293:296 Most of citrus damage is caused by Penicillium spp., e.g. green mold (P. digitatum) and blue mold (P. italicum). 25894505 3 34 theme Mucor 375:379 arg1 rouxii 381:386 Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts 375:406 rouxii 381:386 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 0 35 theme molds 18:22 arg1 Control 0:6 Control 0:6 Control of citrus molds using bioactive coatings 0:47 Control of citrus molds using bioactive coatings incorporated with fungal chitosan/plant extracts composite. 25894505 7 36 from incorporation 1014:1026 arg1 material 1072:1079 coating material 1064:1079 coating material 1064:1079 The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material resulted in a great reduction in fungal growth and viability. 25894505 7 37 theme agent 1055:1059 arg1 incorporation 1014:1026 The incorporation 1010:1026 The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material 1010:1079 The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material resulted in a great reduction in fungal growth and viability. 25894505 3 38 from olive 426:430 arg1 rouxii 381:386 Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts 375:406 rouxii 381:386 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 38 from olive 426:430 arg1 extracts 399:406 Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts 375:406 extracts 399:406 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 4 39 theme antifungal 678:687 arg1 activity 689:696 potent antifungal activity 671:696 potent antifungal activity 671:696 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 5 40 theme fungicidal 860:869 arg1 potentiality 871:882 a remarkable fungicidal potentiality 847:882 a remarkable fungicidal potentiality using both evaluation assays 847:911 Fungal chitosan also had a remarkable fungicidal potentiality using both evaluation assays. 25894505 8 41 theme pomegranate 1192:1202 arg1 extracts 1204:1211 pomegranate extracts 1192:1211 pomegranate extracts 1192:1211 The addition of chitosan combined with cress and pomegranate extracts, to the coating materials, prevented coated citrus fruit from decay by green and blue mold for a 2-week storage period. 25894505 0 42 theme citrus 11:16 arg1 molds 18:22 citrus molds 11:22 citrus molds using bioactive coatings 11:47 Control of citrus molds using bioactive coatings incorporated with fungal chitosan/plant extracts composite. 25894505 9 43 theme citrus 1432:1437 arg1 fruits 1439:1444 citrus fruits 1432:1444 citrus fruits 1432:1444 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 4 44 theme potent 671:676 arg1 activity 689:696 potent antifungal activity 671:696 potent antifungal activity 671:696 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 1 45 dep BACKGROUND 109:118 arg1 problem 231:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 1 45 dep BACKGROUND 109:118 arg1 loss 144:147 The ongoing postharvest loss 120:147 The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, 120:190 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 0 46 theme bioactive 30:38 arg1 coatings 40:47 bioactive coatings 30:47 bioactive coatings 30:47 Control of citrus molds using bioactive coatings incorporated with fungal chitosan/plant extracts composite. 25894505 5 47 theme Fungal 822:827 arg1 chitosan 829:836 Fungal chitosan 822:836 Fungal chitosan 822:836 Fungal chitosan also had a remarkable fungicidal potentiality using both evaluation assays. 25894505 9 48 theme antifungal 1397:1406 arg1 derivatives 1352:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives 1333:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives 1333:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 9 48 theme antifungal 1397:1406 arg1 alternatives 1408:1419 powerful antifungal alternatives 1388:1419 powerful antifungal alternatives 1388:1419 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 4 49 theme Lepidium 734:741 arg1 sativum 743:749 Lepidium sativum 734:749 Lepidium sativum 734:749 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 4 49 theme Lepidium 734:741 arg1 extract 757:763 cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract 727:763 cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract 727:763 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 5 50 contain had 843:845 arg1 chitosan 829:836 Fungal chitosan 822:836 Fungal chitosan 822:836 Fungal chitosan also had a remarkable fungicidal potentiality using both evaluation assays. 25894505 5 50 contain had 843:845 arg2 potentiality 871:882 a remarkable fungicidal potentiality 847:882 a remarkable fungicidal potentiality using both evaluation assays 847:911 Fungal chitosan also had a remarkable fungicidal potentiality using both evaluation assays. 25894505 1 51 theme chronic 197:203 arg1 problem 231:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 1 51 theme chronic 197:203 arg1 loss 144:147 The ongoing postharvest loss 120:147 The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, 120:190 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 6 52 theme Penicillium 914:924 arg1 digitatum 926:934 Penicillium digitatum 914:934 Penicillium digitatum 914:934 Penicillium digitatum was generally more resistant than P. italicum toward all examined agents. 25894505 3 53 theme phytopathogenic 522:536 arg1 italicum 565:572 P. italicum 562:572 P. italicum 562:572 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 53 theme phytopathogenic 522:536 arg1 fungi 538:542 the phytopathogenic fungi 518:542 the phytopathogenic fungi 518:542 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 53 theme phytopathogenic 522:536 arg1 digitatum 548:556 P. digitatum 545:556 P. digitatum 545:556 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 8 54 theme coating 1221:1227 arg1 materials 1229:1237 the coating materials 1217:1237 the coating materials 1217:1237 The addition of chitosan combined with cress and pomegranate extracts, to the coating materials, prevented coated citrus fruit from decay by green and blue mold for a 2-week storage period. 25894505 1 55 theme economic 205:212 arg1 problem 231:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 1 55 theme economic 205:212 arg1 loss 144:147 The ongoing postharvest loss 120:147 The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, 120:190 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 7 56 theme coating 1064:1070 arg1 material 1072:1079 coating material 1064:1079 coating material 1064:1079 The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material resulted in a great reduction in fungal growth and viability. 25894505 8 57 theme storage 1317:1323 arg1 period 1325:1330 a 2-week storage period 1308:1330 a 2-week storage period 1308:1330 The addition of chitosan combined with cress and pomegranate extracts, to the coating materials, prevented coated citrus fruit from decay by green and blue mold for a 2-week storage period. 25894505 1 58 theme ongoing 124:130 arg1 loss 144:147 The ongoing postharvest loss 120:147 The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, 120:190 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 1 58 theme ongoing 124:130 arg1 problem 231:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 3 59 theme Fungal 353:358 arg1 agents 503:508 antifungal agents 492:508 antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum 492:572 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 59 theme Fungal 353:358 arg1 chitosan 360:367 Fungal chitosan 353:367 Fungal chitosan 353:367 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 4 60 theme granatum 798:805 arg1 extract 813:819 pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract 778:819 pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract 778:819 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 8 61 theme 2-week 1310:1315 arg1 period 1325:1330 a 2-week storage period 1308:1330 a 2-week storage period 1308:1330 The addition of chitosan combined with cress and pomegranate extracts, to the coating materials, prevented coated citrus fruit from decay by green and blue mold for a 2-week storage period. 25894505 3 62 from extracts 399:406 arg1 agents 503:508 antifungal agents 492:508 antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum 492:572 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 62 from extracts 399:406 arg1 chitosan 360:367 Fungal chitosan 353:367 Fungal chitosan 353:367 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 1 63 theme postharvest 132:142 arg1 loss 144:147 The ongoing postharvest loss 120:147 The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, 120:190 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 1 63 theme postharvest 132:142 arg1 problem 231:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 3 64 theme qualitative 590:600 arg1 assays 619:624 in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays 581:624 in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays 581:624 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 9 65 theme postharvest 1451:1461 arg1 decay 1470:1474 postharvest fungal decay 1451:1474 postharvest fungal decay 1451:1474 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 3 66 theme cress 413:417 arg1 seeds 419:423 cress seeds 413:423 cress seeds 413:423 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 5 67 theme remarkable 849:858 arg1 potentiality 871:882 a remarkable fungicidal potentiality 847:882 a remarkable fungicidal potentiality using both evaluation assays 847:911 Fungal chitosan also had a remarkable fungicidal potentiality using both evaluation assays. 25894505 9 68 theme powerful 1388:1395 arg1 derivatives 1352:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives 1333:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives 1333:1362 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 9 68 theme powerful 1388:1395 arg1 alternatives 1408:1419 powerful antifungal alternatives 1388:1419 powerful antifungal alternatives 1388:1419 CONCLUSION Natural derivatives could be recommended as powerful antifungal alternatives to protect citrus fruits from postharvest fungal decay. 25894505 3 69 dep olive 426:430 arg1 leaves 432:437 leaves 432:437 leaves 432:437 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 2 70 theme citrus 248:253 arg1 damage 255:260 citrus damage 248:260 citrus damage 248:260 Most of citrus damage is caused by Penicillium spp., e.g. green mold (P. digitatum) and blue mold (P. italicum). 25894505 7 71 theme individual 1036:1045 arg1 agent 1055:1059 each individual natural agent 1031:1059 each individual natural agent 1031:1059 The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material resulted in a great reduction in fungal growth and viability. 25894505 4 72 theme natural 639:645 arg1 agents 647:652 All natural agents 635:652 All natural agents tested 635:659 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 1 73 theme agricultural 218:229 arg1 problem 231:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 a chronic economic and agricultural problem 195:237 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 1 73 theme agricultural 218:229 arg1 loss 144:147 The ongoing postharvest loss 120:147 The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, 120:190 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 0 74 theme fungal 67:72 arg1 extracts 89:96 fungal chitosan/plant extracts 67:96 fungal chitosan/plant extracts 67:96 Control of citrus molds using bioactive coatings incorporated with fungal chitosan/plant extracts composite. 25894505 3 75 theme plant 393:397 arg1 extracts 399:406 Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts 375:406 extracts 399:406 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 4 76 theme cress 727:731 arg1 sativum 743:749 Lepidium sativum 734:749 Lepidium sativum 734:749 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 4 76 theme cress 727:731 arg1 extract 757:763 cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract 727:763 cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract 727:763 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 4 76 theme cress 727:731 arg1 agent 717:721 the most powerful agent 699:721 the most powerful agent 699:721 RESULTS All natural agents tested exhibited potent antifungal activity; the most powerful agent was cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract, followed by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. 25894505 1 77 theme citrus 152:157 arg1 fruits 159:164 citrus fruits 152:164 citrus fruits 152:164 BACKGROUND The ongoing postharvest loss in citrus fruits, due to fungal infection, is a chronic economic and agricultural problem. 25894505 8 78 theme chitosan 1159:1166 arg1 addition 1147:1154 The addition 1143:1154 The addition 1143:1154 The addition of chitosan combined with cress and pomegranate extracts, to the coating materials, prevented coated citrus fruit from decay by green and blue mold for a 2-week storage period. 25894505 7 79 theme great 1095:1099 arg1 reduction 1101:1109 a great reduction 1093:1109 a great reduction in fungal growth and viability 1093:1140 The incorporation of each individual natural agent in coating material resulted in a great reduction in fungal growth and viability. 25894505 3 80 from rouxii 381:386 arg1 agents 503:508 antifungal agents 492:508 antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum 492:572 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 3 80 from rouxii 381:386 arg1 chitosan 360:367 Fungal chitosan 353:367 Fungal chitosan 353:367 Fungal chitosan, from Mucor rouxii, and plant extracts from cress seeds, olive leaves, pomegranate peels and senna pods, were evaluated as antifungal agents against the phytopathogenic fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum, using in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. 25894505 2 81 theme blue 328:331 arg1 mold 333:336 blue mold 328:336 blue mold (P. italicum) 328:350 Most of citrus damage is caused by Penicillium spp., e.g. green mold (P. digitatum) and blue mold (P. italicum). 25748849 5 0 dep neovascularization 763:780 arg1 regeneration 791:802 regeneration 791:802 regeneration 791:802 Dextran can promote neovascularization and skin regeneration in chronic wounds. 25748849 6 1 theme nanofibrous 1011:1021 arg1 scaffolds 1023:1031 these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds 984:1031 these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds 984:1031 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 2 from material 1104:1111 arg1 models 1128:1133 the in vivo models 1116:1133 the in vivo models 1116:1133 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 1 3 theme delayed 271:277 arg1 healing 285:291 age-related delayed wound healing 259:291 age-related delayed wound healing 259:291 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 6 4 theme polymer 1003:1009 arg1 scaffolds 1023:1031 these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds 984:1031 these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds 984:1031 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 5 theme cell 900:903 arg1 analysis 888:895 analysis 888:895 analysis of cell growth and proliferation 888:928 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 5 theme cell 900:903 arg1 characterization 847:862 the characterization 843:862 the characterization of these nanofibers 843:882 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 1 6 theme wound 279:283 arg1 healing 285:291 age-related delayed wound healing 259:291 age-related delayed wound healing 259:291 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 6 7 theme biocomposite 990:1001 arg1 scaffolds 1023:1031 these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds 984:1031 these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds 984:1031 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 8 dep involves 834:841 arg1 study 1040:1044 study 1040:1044 to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models 1037:1133 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 8 dep involves 834:841 arg1 determine 933:941 determine 933:941 to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds 930:1031 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 4 9 theme polyurethane-dextran 614:633 arg1 material 672:679 a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material 612:679 a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol 612:703 So here we introduce a new material for wound tissue dressing, in which a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol was obtained through electrospinning. 25748849 5 10 theme chronic 807:813 arg1 wounds 815:820 chronic wounds 807:820 chronic wounds 807:820 Dextran can promote neovascularization and skin regeneration in chronic wounds. 25748849 3 11 used used 466:469 arg2 technique 449:457 The electrospinning technique 429:457 The electrospinning technique 429:457 The electrospinning technique can be used to introduce the desired therapeutic agents to the nanofiber matrix. 25748849 2 12 theme estrogen 309:316 arg1 replacement 318:328 The controlled estrogen replacement 294:328 The controlled estrogen replacement 294:328 The controlled estrogen replacement can accelerate healing of acute cutaneous wounds, linked to its potent anti-inflammatory activity. 25748849 3 13 theme nanofiber 522:530 arg1 matrix 532:537 the nanofiber matrix 518:537 the nanofiber matrix 518:537 The electrospinning technique can be used to introduce the desired therapeutic agents to the nanofiber matrix. 25748849 2 14 theme controlled 298:307 arg1 replacement 318:328 The controlled estrogen replacement 294:328 The controlled estrogen replacement 294:328 The controlled estrogen replacement can accelerate healing of acute cutaneous wounds, linked to its potent anti-inflammatory activity. 25748849 6 15 theme regeneration 968:979 arg1 efficiency 947:956 the efficiency 943:956 the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds 943:1031 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 5 16 from skin 786:789 arg1 wounds 815:820 chronic wounds 807:820 chronic wounds 807:820 Dextran can promote neovascularization and skin regeneration in chronic wounds. 25748849 6 17 theme nanofibers 873:882 arg1 analysis 888:895 analysis 888:895 analysis of cell growth and proliferation 888:928 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 17 theme nanofibers 873:882 arg1 characterization 847:862 the characterization 843:862 the characterization of these nanofibers 843:882 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 4 18 theme composite 635:643 arg1 material 672:679 a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material 612:679 a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol 612:703 So here we introduce a new material for wound tissue dressing, in which a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol was obtained through electrospinning. 25748849 0 19 theme polyurethane-dextran 12:31 arg1 nanofiber 33:41 Electrospun polyurethane-dextran nanofiber 0:41 Electrospun polyurethane-dextran nanofiber 0:41 Electrospun polyurethane-dextran nanofiber mats loaded with Estradiol for post-menopausal wound dressing. 25748849 6 20 theme tissue 961:966 arg1 regeneration 968:979 tissue regeneration 961:979 tissue regeneration 961:979 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 1 21 from burden 161:166 arg1 services 178:185 health services 171:185 health services 171:185 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 1 22 theme Post-menopausal 106:120 arg1 burden 161:166 a substantial burden 147:166 a substantial burden on health services 147:185 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 1 22 theme Post-menopausal 106:120 arg1 management 133:142 Post-menopausal wound care management 106:142 Post-menopausal wound care management 106:142 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 0 23 theme Electrospun 0:10 arg1 nanofiber 33:41 Electrospun polyurethane-dextran nanofiber 0:41 Electrospun polyurethane-dextran nanofiber 0:41 Electrospun polyurethane-dextran nanofiber mats loaded with Estradiol for post-menopausal wound dressing. 25748849 4 24 theme tissue 586:591 arg1 dressing 593:600 wound tissue dressing 580:600 wound tissue dressing 580:600 So here we introduce a new material for wound tissue dressing, in which a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol was obtained through electrospinning. 25748849 1 25 theme wound 122:126 arg1 burden 161:166 a substantial burden 147:166 a substantial burden on health services 147:185 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 1 25 theme wound 122:126 arg1 management 133:142 Post-menopausal wound care management 106:142 Post-menopausal wound care management 106:142 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 6 26 theme wound 1089:1093 arg1 material 1104:1111 a potential wound dressing material 1077:1111 a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models 1077:1133 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 26 theme wound 1089:1093 arg1 it 1071:1072 it 1071:1072 it 1071:1072 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 2 27 theme anti-inflammatory 401:417 arg1 activity 419:426 its potent anti-inflammatory activity 390:426 its potent anti-inflammatory activity 390:426 The controlled estrogen replacement can accelerate healing of acute cutaneous wounds, linked to its potent anti-inflammatory activity. 25748849 4 28 theme wound 580:584 arg1 dressing 593:600 wound tissue dressing 580:600 wound tissue dressing 580:600 So here we introduce a new material for wound tissue dressing, in which a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol was obtained through electrospinning. 25748849 1 29 theme care 128:131 arg1 burden 161:166 a substantial burden 147:166 a substantial burden on health services 147:185 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 1 29 theme care 128:131 arg1 management 133:142 Post-menopausal wound care management 106:142 Post-menopausal wound care management 106:142 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 1 30 theme increased 207:215 arg1 number 217:222 an increased number 204:222 an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing 204:291 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 5 31 from neovascularization 763:780 arg1 wounds 815:820 chronic wounds 807:820 chronic wounds 807:820 Dextran can promote neovascularization and skin regeneration in chronic wounds. 25748849 6 32 dep in 1120:1121 arg1 vivo 1123:1126 vivo 1123:1126 vivo 1123:1126 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 4 33 theme nanofibrous 645:655 arg1 material 672:679 a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material 612:679 a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol 612:703 So here we introduce a new material for wound tissue dressing, in which a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol was obtained through electrospinning. 25748849 6 34 dep cell 900:903 arg1 growth 905:910 growth 905:910 growth 905:910 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 3 35 theme desired 488:494 arg1 agents 508:513 the desired therapeutic agents 484:513 the desired therapeutic agents 484:513 The electrospinning technique can be used to introduce the desired therapeutic agents to the nanofiber matrix. 25748849 4 36 theme new 563:565 arg1 material 567:574 a new material 561:574 a new material for wound tissue dressing, in which a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol was obtained through electrospinning 561:740 So here we introduce a new material for wound tissue dressing, in which a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol was obtained through electrospinning. 25748849 6 37 theme potential 1079:1087 arg1 material 1104:1111 a potential wound dressing material 1077:1111 a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models 1077:1133 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 37 theme potential 1079:1087 arg1 it 1071:1072 it 1071:1072 it 1071:1072 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 38 theme dressing 1095:1102 arg1 material 1104:1111 a potential wound dressing material 1077:1111 a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models 1077:1133 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 38 theme dressing 1095:1102 arg1 it 1071:1072 it 1071:1072 it 1071:1072 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 1 39 theme elderly 227:233 arg1 populations 235:245 elderly populations 227:245 elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing 227:291 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 3 40 theme electrospinning 433:447 arg1 technique 449:457 The electrospinning technique 429:457 The electrospinning technique 429:457 The electrospinning technique can be used to introduce the desired therapeutic agents to the nanofiber matrix. 25748849 6 41 theme in 1120:1121 arg1 models 1128:1133 the in vivo models 1116:1133 the in vivo models 1116:1133 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 2 42 dep accelerate 334:343 arg1 linked 380:385 linked 380:385 linked to its potent anti-inflammatory activity 380:426 The controlled estrogen replacement can accelerate healing of acute cutaneous wounds, linked to its potent anti-inflammatory activity. 25748849 2 43 theme wounds 372:377 arg1 healing 345:351 healing 345:351 healing of acute cutaneous wounds 345:377 The controlled estrogen replacement can accelerate healing of acute cutaneous wounds, linked to its potent anti-inflammatory activity. 25748849 6 44 theme proliferation 916:928 arg1 analysis 888:895 analysis 888:895 analysis of cell growth and proliferation 888:928 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 6 44 theme proliferation 916:928 arg1 characterization 847:862 the characterization 843:862 the characterization of these nanofibers 843:882 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 0 45 dep mats 43:46 arg1 loaded 48:53 loaded 48:53 mats loaded with Estradiol for post-menopausal wound dressing 43:103 Electrospun polyurethane-dextran nanofiber mats loaded with Estradiol for post-menopausal wound dressing. 25748849 1 46 theme substantial 149:159 arg1 burden 161:166 a substantial burden 147:166 a substantial burden on health services 147:185 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 1 46 theme substantial 149:159 arg1 management 133:142 Post-menopausal wound care management 106:142 Post-menopausal wound care management 106:142 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 6 47 from efficiency 947:956 arg1 scaffolds 1023:1031 these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds 984:1031 these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds 984:1031 This study involves the characterization of these nanofibers and analysis of cell growth and proliferation to determine the efficiency of tissue regeneration on these biocomposite polymer nanofibrous scaffolds and to study the possibility of using it as a potential wound dressing material in the in vivo models. 25748849 1 48 theme populations 235:245 arg1 number 217:222 an increased number 204:222 an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing 204:291 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 2 49 theme acute 356:360 arg1 wounds 372:377 acute cutaneous wounds 356:377 acute cutaneous wounds 356:377 The controlled estrogen replacement can accelerate healing of acute cutaneous wounds, linked to its potent anti-inflammatory activity. 25748849 2 50 theme cutaneous 362:370 arg1 wounds 372:377 acute cutaneous wounds 356:377 acute cutaneous wounds 356:377 The controlled estrogen replacement can accelerate healing of acute cutaneous wounds, linked to its potent anti-inflammatory activity. 25748849 0 51 theme wound 90:94 arg1 dressing 96:103 post-menopausal wound dressing 74:103 post-menopausal wound dressing 74:103 Electrospun polyurethane-dextran nanofiber mats loaded with Estradiol for post-menopausal wound dressing. 25748849 3 52 theme therapeutic 496:506 arg1 agents 508:513 the desired therapeutic agents 484:513 the desired therapeutic agents 484:513 The electrospinning technique can be used to introduce the desired therapeutic agents to the nanofiber matrix. 25748849 2 53 theme potent 394:399 arg1 activity 419:426 its potent anti-inflammatory activity 390:426 its potent anti-inflammatory activity 390:426 The controlled estrogen replacement can accelerate healing of acute cutaneous wounds, linked to its potent anti-inflammatory activity. 25748849 4 54 theme dressing 663:670 arg1 material 672:679 a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material 612:679 a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol 612:703 So here we introduce a new material for wound tissue dressing, in which a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol was obtained through electrospinning. 25748849 0 55 theme post-menopausal 74:88 arg1 dressing 96:103 post-menopausal wound dressing 74:103 post-menopausal wound dressing 74:103 Electrospun polyurethane-dextran nanofiber mats loaded with Estradiol for post-menopausal wound dressing. 25748849 4 56 theme wound 657:661 arg1 material 672:679 a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material 612:679 a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol 612:703 So here we introduce a new material for wound tissue dressing, in which a polyurethane-dextran composite nanofibrous wound dressing material loaded with β-estradiol was obtained through electrospinning. 25748849 1 57 theme health 171:176 arg1 services 178:185 health services 171:185 health services 171:185 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25748849 1 58 theme age-related 259:269 arg1 healing 285:291 age-related delayed wound healing 259:291 age-related delayed wound healing 259:291 Post-menopausal wound care management is a substantial burden on health services, since there are an increased number of elderly populations linked with age-related delayed wound healing. 25328929 7 0 theme composition 1140:1150 arg1 traits 1152:1157 composition traits 1140:1157 composition traits 1140:1157 Hybrids among landraces presented variable levels of heterosis for composition traits. 25328929 2 1 dep conditions 478:487 arg1 field 495:499 open field 490:499 open field 490:499 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 1 dep conditions 478:487 arg1 greenhouse 511:520 greenhouse 511:520 greenhouse 511:520 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 1 dep conditions 478:487 arg1 GH 523:524 GH 523:524 GH 523:524 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 6 2 theme higher 977:982 arg1 contents 984:991 higher contents 977:991 higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics 977:1046 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 6 3 theme ascorbic 1013:1020 arg1 acid 1022:1025 ascorbic acid 1013:1025 ascorbic acid 1013:1025 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 0 4 theme genetic 74:80 arg1 constitution 82:93 genetic constitution 74:93 genetic constitution 74:93 Eggplant fruit composition as affected by the cultivation environment and genetic constitution. 25328929 3 5 theme composition 616:626 arg1 traits 628:633 composition traits 616:633 composition traits 616:633 RESULTS Season (S) had a larger effect than the genotype (G) for composition traits, except for total phenolics. 25328929 10 6 theme genotypic 1397:1405 arg1 differences 1407:1417 Environmental and genotypic differences 1379:1417 Environmental and genotypic differences 1379:1417 Environmental and genotypic differences can be exploited to obtain high quality eggplant fruits. 25328929 1 7 theme season 165:170 arg1 effects 154:160 the combined effects 141:160 the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 141:252 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 6 8 theme lower 924:928 arg1 contents 930:937 lower contents 924:937 lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch 924:971 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 7 9 theme heterosis 1126:1134 arg1 levels 1116:1121 variable levels 1107:1121 variable levels of heterosis for composition traits 1107:1157 Hybrids among landraces presented variable levels of heterosis for composition traits. 25328929 3 10 contain had 570:572 arg2 effect 583:588 a larger effect 574:588 a larger effect than the genotype (G) for composition traits 574:633 RESULTS Season (S) had a larger effect than the genotype (G) for composition traits, except for total phenolics. 25328929 3 10 contain had 570:572 arg1 RESULTS 551:557 RESULTS Season (S) 551:568 RESULTS Season (S) 551:568 RESULTS Season (S) had a larger effect than the genotype (G) for composition traits, except for total phenolics. 25328929 4 11 theme low 699:701 arg1 magnitude 712:720 low relative magnitude 699:720 low relative magnitude 699:720 G × S interaction was generally of low relative magnitude. 25328929 2 12 theme total 304:308 arg1 phenolics 310:318 total phenolics 304:318 total phenolics 304:318 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 9 13 theme fruits 1371:1376 arg1 composition 1347:1357 the composition 1343:1357 the composition of eggplant fruits 1343:1376 CONCLUSION The cultivation environment has a major role in determining the composition of eggplant fruits. 25328929 10 14 theme Environmental 1379:1391 arg1 differences 1407:1417 Environmental and genotypic differences 1379:1417 Environmental and genotypic differences 1379:1417 Environmental and genotypic differences can be exploited to obtain high quality eggplant fruits. 25328929 8 15 theme same 1183:1186 arg1 season 1188:1193 the same season 1179:1193 the same season 1179:1193 Genotypes grown in the same season cluster together on the graph of multivariate principal components analysis. 25328929 1 16 from effects 154:160 arg1 composition 242:252 eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 213:252 eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 213:252 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 5 17 theme environments 809:820 arg1 differences 781:791 differences 781:791 differences within OF or GH environments 781:820 Orthogonal decomposition of the season effect showed that differences within OF or GH environments were in many instances greater than those between OF and GH. 25328929 2 18 theme hybrids 398:404 arg1 carbohydrates 289:301 carbohydrates 289:301 carbohydrates 289:301 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 18 theme hybrids 398:404 arg1 phenolics 310:318 total phenolics 304:318 total phenolics 304:318 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 18 theme hybrids 398:404 arg1 composition 276:286 proximate composition 266:286 proximate composition 266:286 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 18 theme hybrids 398:404 arg1 C 332:332 vitamin C 324:332 vitamin C 324:332 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 5 19 theme greater 845:851 arg1 instances 835:843 many instances 830:843 many instances greater than those between OF and GH 830:880 Orthogonal decomposition of the season effect showed that differences within OF or GH environments were in many instances greater than those between OF and GH. 25328929 4 20 theme relative 703:710 arg1 magnitude 712:720 low relative magnitude 699:720 low relative magnitude 699:720 G × S interaction was generally of low relative magnitude. 25328929 1 21 theme cultivation 173:183 arg1 environment 185:195 cultivation environment 173:195 cultivation environment 173:195 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 0 22 theme fruit 9:13 arg1 composition 15:25 Eggplant fruit composition 0:25 Eggplant fruit composition 0:25 Eggplant fruit composition as affected by the cultivation environment and genetic constitution. 25328929 3 23 theme total 647:651 arg1 phenolics 653:661 total phenolics 647:661 total phenolics 647:661 RESULTS Season (S) had a larger effect than the genotype (G) for composition traits, except for total phenolics. 25328929 6 24 theme C 1010:1010 arg1 contents 930:937 lower contents 924:937 lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch 924:971 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 6 24 theme C 1010:1010 arg1 contents 984:991 higher contents 977:991 higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics 977:1046 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 2 25 theme vitamin 324:330 arg1 C 332:332 vitamin C 324:332 vitamin C 324:332 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 6 26 theme total 996:1000 arg1 C 1010:1010 total vitamin C 996:1010 total vitamin C 996:1010 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 1 27 theme environment 185:195 arg1 effects 154:160 the combined effects 141:160 the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 141:252 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 0 28 theme Eggplant 0:7 arg1 composition 15:25 Eggplant fruit composition 0:25 Eggplant fruit composition 0:25 Eggplant fruit composition as affected by the cultivation environment and genetic constitution. 25328929 1 29 theme BACKGROUND 96:105 arg1 reports 124:130 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports 96:130 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports 96:130 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 5 30 theme effect 762:767 arg1 decomposition 734:746 Orthogonal decomposition 723:746 Orthogonal decomposition of the season effect 723:767 Orthogonal decomposition of the season effect showed that differences within OF or GH environments were in many instances greater than those between OF and GH. 25328929 5 31 theme season 755:760 arg1 effect 762:767 the season effect 751:767 the season effect 751:767 Orthogonal decomposition of the season effect showed that differences within OF or GH environments were in many instances greater than those between OF and GH. 25328929 10 32 theme eggplant 1459:1466 arg1 fruits 1468:1473 high quality eggplant fruits 1446:1473 high quality eggplant fruits 1446:1473 Environmental and genotypic differences can be exploited to obtain high quality eggplant fruits. 25328929 1 33 theme No 107:108 arg1 reports 124:130 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports 96:130 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports 96:130 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 6 34 theme vitamin 1002:1008 arg1 C 1010:1010 total vitamin C 996:1010 total vitamin C 996:1010 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 1 35 theme genotype 201:208 arg1 effects 154:160 the combined effects 141:160 the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 141:252 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 4 36 theme G × S 664:668 arg1 interaction 670:680 G × S interaction 664:680 G × S interaction 664:680 G × S interaction was generally of low relative magnitude. 25328929 9 37 theme cultivation 1287:1297 arg1 environment 1299:1309 The cultivation environment 1283:1309 The cultivation environment 1283:1309 CONCLUSION The cultivation environment has a major role in determining the composition of eggplant fruits. 25328929 10 38 theme quality 1451:1457 arg1 fruits 1468:1473 high quality eggplant fruits 1446:1473 high quality eggplant fruits 1446:1473 Environmental and genotypic differences can be exploited to obtain high quality eggplant fruits. 25328929 9 39 contain has 1311:1313 arg2 role 1323:1326 a major role 1315:1326 a major role 1315:1326 CONCLUSION The cultivation environment has a major role in determining the composition of eggplant fruits. 25328929 9 39 contain has 1311:1313 arg1 environment 1299:1309 The cultivation environment 1283:1309 The cultivation environment 1283:1309 CONCLUSION The cultivation environment has a major role in determining the composition of eggplant fruits. 25328929 1 40 theme comprehensive 110:122 arg1 reports 124:130 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports 96:130 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports 96:130 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 2 41 theme hybrids 416:422 arg1 carbohydrates 289:301 carbohydrates 289:301 carbohydrates 289:301 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 41 theme hybrids 416:422 arg1 phenolics 310:318 total phenolics 304:318 total phenolics 304:318 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 41 theme hybrids 416:422 arg1 composition 276:286 proximate composition 266:286 proximate composition 266:286 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 41 theme hybrids 416:422 arg1 C 332:332 vitamin C 324:332 vitamin C 324:332 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 42 theme open 490:493 arg1 field 495:499 open field 490:499 open field 490:499 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 42 theme open 490:493 arg1 greenhouse 511:520 greenhouse 511:520 greenhouse 511:520 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 42 theme open 490:493 arg1 GH 523:524 GH 523:524 GH 523:524 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 6 43 theme phenolics 1038:1046 arg1 contents 930:937 lower contents 924:937 lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch 924:971 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 6 43 theme phenolics 1038:1046 arg1 contents 984:991 higher contents 977:991 higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics 977:1046 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 10 44 theme high 1446:1449 arg1 fruits 1468:1473 high quality eggplant fruits 1446:1473 high quality eggplant fruits 1446:1473 Environmental and genotypic differences can be exploited to obtain high quality eggplant fruits. 25328929 7 45 theme variable 1107:1114 arg1 levels 1116:1121 variable levels 1107:1121 variable levels of heterosis for composition traits 1107:1157 Hybrids among landraces presented variable levels of heterosis for composition traits. 25328929 8 46 theme components 1251:1260 arg1 analysis 1262:1269 multivariate principal components analysis 1228:1269 multivariate principal components analysis 1228:1269 Genotypes grown in the same season cluster together on the graph of multivariate principal components analysis. 25328929 8 47 theme multivariate 1228:1239 arg1 analysis 1262:1269 multivariate principal components analysis 1228:1269 multivariate principal components analysis 1228:1269 Genotypes grown in the same season cluster together on the graph of multivariate principal components analysis. 25328929 1 48 theme eggplant 213:220 arg1 composition 242:252 eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 213:252 eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 213:252 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 3 49 dep RESULTS 551:557 arg1 S 567:567 S 567:567 S 567:567 RESULTS Season (S) had a larger effect than the genotype (G) for composition traits, except for total phenolics. 25328929 3 49 dep RESULTS 551:557 arg1 Season 559:564 Season 559:564 RESULTS Season (S) 551:568 RESULTS Season (S) had a larger effect than the genotype (G) for composition traits, except for total phenolics. 25328929 5 50 theme GH 806:807 arg1 environments 809:820 or GH environments 803:820 environments 809:820 Orthogonal decomposition of the season effect showed that differences within OF or GH environments were in many instances greater than those between OF and GH. 25328929 5 51 theme Orthogonal 723:732 arg1 decomposition 734:746 Orthogonal decomposition 723:746 Orthogonal decomposition of the season effect 723:767 Orthogonal decomposition of the season effect showed that differences within OF or GH environments were in many instances greater than those between OF and GH. 25328929 8 52 theme principal 1241:1249 arg1 analysis 1262:1269 multivariate principal components analysis 1228:1269 multivariate principal components analysis 1228:1269 Genotypes grown in the same season cluster together on the graph of multivariate principal components analysis. 25328929 6 53 theme starch 966:971 arg1 contents 930:937 lower contents 924:937 lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch 924:971 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 6 53 theme starch 966:971 arg1 contents 984:991 higher contents 977:991 higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics 977:1046 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 0 54 theme cultivation 46:56 arg1 environment 58:68 the cultivation environment 42:68 the cultivation environment 42:68 Eggplant fruit composition as affected by the cultivation environment and genetic constitution. 25328929 6 55 theme Spanish 883:889 arg1 landraces 891:899 Spanish landraces 883:899 Spanish landraces 883:899 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 2 56 theme fruits 346:351 arg1 carbohydrates 289:301 carbohydrates 289:301 carbohydrates 289:301 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 56 theme fruits 346:351 arg1 phenolics 310:318 total phenolics 304:318 total phenolics 304:318 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 56 theme fruits 346:351 arg1 composition 276:286 proximate composition 266:286 proximate composition 266:286 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 56 theme fruits 346:351 arg1 C 332:332 vitamin C 324:332 vitamin C 324:332 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 57 theme environmental 464:476 arg1 conditions 478:487 two environmental conditions 460:487 two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons 460:548 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 9 58 theme major 1317:1321 arg1 role 1323:1326 a major role 1315:1326 a major role 1315:1326 CONCLUSION The cultivation environment has a major role in determining the composition of eggplant fruits. 25328929 2 59 dep field 495:499 arg1 OF 502:503 OF 502:503 OF 502:503 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 8 60 theme analysis 1262:1269 arg1 graph 1219:1223 the graph 1215:1223 the graph of multivariate principal components analysis 1215:1269 Genotypes grown in the same season cluster together on the graph of multivariate principal components analysis. 25328929 2 61 theme eggplant 337:344 arg1 fruits 346:351 eggplant fruits 337:351 eggplant fruits 337:351 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 9 62 dep CONCLUSION 1272:1281 arg1 has 1311:1313 has 1311:1313 has a major role in determining the composition of eggplant fruits 1311:1376 CONCLUSION The cultivation environment has a major role in determining the composition of eggplant fruits. 25328929 1 63 theme combined 145:152 arg1 effects 154:160 the combined effects 141:160 the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 141:252 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 2 64 theme proximate 266:274 arg1 composition 276:286 proximate composition 266:286 proximate composition 266:286 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 6 65 theme carbohydrates 948:960 arg1 contents 930:937 lower contents 924:937 lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch 924:971 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 6 65 theme carbohydrates 948:960 arg1 contents 984:991 higher contents 977:991 higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics 977:1046 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 6 66 theme total 1032:1036 arg1 phenolics 1038:1046 total phenolics 1032:1046 total phenolics 1032:1046 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 1 67 theme Solanum 223:229 arg1 composition 242:252 eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 213:252 eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 213:252 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 9 68 theme eggplant 1362:1369 arg1 fruits 1371:1376 eggplant fruits 1362:1376 eggplant fruits 1362:1376 CONCLUSION The cultivation environment has a major role in determining the composition of eggplant fruits. 25328929 3 69 theme larger 576:581 arg1 effect 583:588 a larger effect 574:588 a larger effect than the genotype (G) for composition traits 574:633 RESULTS Season (S) had a larger effect than the genotype (G) for composition traits, except for total phenolics. 25328929 5 70 theme many 830:833 arg1 instances 835:843 many instances 830:843 many instances greater than those between OF and GH 830:880 Orthogonal decomposition of the season effect showed that differences within OF or GH environments were in many instances greater than those between OF and GH. 25328929 1 71 theme melongena 231:239 arg1 composition 242:252 eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 213:252 eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition 213:252 BACKGROUND No comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (Solanum melongena) composition. 25328929 2 72 dep four 537:540 arg1 to 534:535 to 534:535 to 534:535 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 6 73 theme acid 1022:1025 arg1 contents 930:937 lower contents 924:937 lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch 924:971 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 6 73 theme acid 1022:1025 arg1 contents 984:991 higher contents 977:991 higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics 977:1046 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 2 74 theme landraces 370:378 arg1 carbohydrates 289:301 carbohydrates 289:301 carbohydrates 289:301 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 74 theme landraces 370:378 arg1 phenolics 310:318 total phenolics 304:318 total phenolics 304:318 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 74 theme landraces 370:378 arg1 composition 276:286 proximate composition 266:286 proximate composition 266:286 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 74 theme landraces 370:378 arg1 C 332:332 vitamin C 324:332 vitamin C 324:332 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 2 75 theme commercial 387:396 arg1 hybrids 398:404 three commercial hybrids 381:404 three commercial hybrids 381:404 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 25328929 6 76 theme total 942:946 arg1 carbohydrates 948:960 total carbohydrates 942:960 total carbohydrates 942:960 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 6 77 theme commercial 1053:1062 arg1 hybrids 1064:1070 commercial hybrids 1053:1070 commercial hybrids 1053:1070 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 6 78 attach presented 901:909 arg1 average 915:921 average 915:921 average 915:921 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 6 78 attach presented 901:909 arg2 landraces 891:899 Spanish landraces 883:899 Spanish landraces 883:899 Spanish landraces presented, on average, lower contents of total carbohydrates and starch and higher contents of total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than commercial hybrids. 25328929 2 79 theme Spanish 362:368 arg1 landraces 370:378 three Spanish landraces 356:378 three Spanish landraces 356:378 We studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin C of eggplant fruits of three Spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, OF; and, greenhouse, GH) for up to four seasons. 24804775 1 0 from score 362:366 arg1 cows 426:429 Italian Brown Swiss cows 406:429 Italian Brown Swiss cows 406:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 0 from score 362:366 arg1 samples 393:399 individual milk samples 377:399 individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows 377:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 1 dep yield 1184:1188 arg1 SNP 1194:1196 an SNP 1191:1196 an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) 1191:1235 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 1 dep yield 1184:1188 arg1 SNPs 1386:1389 SNPs 1386:1389 milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1) 1179:1415 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 1 dep yield 1184:1188 arg1 related 1241:1247 related 1241:1247 related 1241:1247 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 5 2 used used 862:865 arg2 model 750:754 A Bayesian linear animal model 725:754 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect 725:856 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 1 3 theme candidate 215:223 arg1 genes 225:229 54 candidate genes 212:229 54 candidate genes 212:229 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 6 4 theme traits 1019:1024 arg1 one 993:995 one 993:995 one 993:995 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 24804775 6 4 theme traits 1019:1024 arg1 traits 1019:1024 the aforementioned traits 1000:1024 the aforementioned traits 1000:1024 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 24804775 5 5 from effect 851:856 arg1 parity 807:812 parity 807:812 parity 807:812 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 5 5 from effect 851:856 arg1 genotype 819:826 SNP genotype 815:826 SNP genotype 815:826 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 5 5 from effect 851:856 arg1 milk 801:804 milk 801:804 milk 801:804 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 7 6 theme fat 1252:1254 arg1 content 1256:1262 fat content 1252:1262 fat content 1252:1262 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 7 theme beta 1496:1499 arg1 CSN2 1509:1512 CSN2 1509:1512 CSN2 1509:1512 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 7 theme beta 1496:1499 arg1 casein 1501:1506 beta casein 1496:1506 beta casein (CSN2) 1496:1513 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 1 8 theme study 140:144 arg1 aim 128:130 The aim 124:130 The aim of this study 124:144 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 9 with associations 245:256 arg1 yield 292:296 milk yield 287:296 milk yield 287:296 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 9 with associations 245:256 arg1 SCS 369:371 SCS 369:371 SCS 369:371 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 9 with associations 245:256 arg1 score 362:366 somatic cell score 349:366 somatic cell score (SCS) 349:372 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 9 with associations 245:256 arg1 content 337:343 milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content 312:343 milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content 312:343 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 9 with associations 245:256 arg1 composition 299:309 composition 299:309 composition 299:309 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 10 from SCD-1 1445:1449 arg1 hormone 1401:1407 growth hormone 1 1394:1409 growth hormone 1 (GH1) 1394:1415 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 10 from SCD-1 1445:1449 arg1 GH1 1412:1414 GH1 1412:1414 GH1 1412:1414 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 1 11 theme milk 388:391 arg1 samples 393:399 individual milk samples 377:399 individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows 377:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 12 theme 5A 1775:1776 arg1 SNPs 1677:1680 SNPs 1677:1680 SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer 1677:1742 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 12 theme 5A 1775:1776 arg1 activator 1748:1756 activator 1748:1756 activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) 1748:1785 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 1 13 theme nitrogen 322:329 arg1 content 337:343 milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content 312:343 milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content 312:343 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 14 from Polymorphisms 1027:1039 arg1 CCL2 1152:1155 CCL2 1152:1155 CCL2 1152:1155 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 14 from Polymorphisms 1027:1039 arg1 GRLF1 1094:1098 GRLF1 1094:1098 GRLF1 1094:1098 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 14 from Polymorphisms 1027:1039 arg1 PRLR 1122:1125 PRLR 1122:1125 PRLR 1122:1125 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 14 from Polymorphisms 1027:1039 arg1 factor 1084:1089 the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 1044:1091 the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1) 1044:1099 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 14 from Polymorphisms 1027:1039 arg1 receptor 1112:1119 prolactin receptor 1102:1119 prolactin receptor (PRLR) 1102:1126 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 14 from Polymorphisms 1027:1039 arg1 ligand 1142:1147 chemokine ligand 2 1132:1149 chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) 1132:1156 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 0 15 theme Swiss 112:116 arg1 cows 118:121 Brown Swiss cows 106:121 Brown Swiss cows 106:121 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell scores in Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 16 from SNPs 1265:1268 arg1 lipin 1328:1332 lipin 1 1328:1334 lipin 1 1328:1334 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 16 from SNPs 1265:1268 arg1 protein 1307:1313 the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein 1273:1313 the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) 1273:1322 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 16 from SNPs 1265:1268 arg1 LPIN1 1337:1341 LPIN1 1337:1341 LPIN1 1337:1341 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 16 from SNPs 1265:1268 arg1 CARD15 1316:1321 CARD15 1316:1321 CARD15 1316:1321 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 17 theme casein 1369:1374 arg1 contents 1376:1383 the protein and casein contents 1353:1383 contents 1376:1383 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 18 theme milk 1179:1182 arg1 yield 1184:1188 milk yield 1179:1188 milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1) 1179:1415 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 18 theme milk 1179:1182 arg1 LTF 1436:1438 LTF 1436:1438 LTF 1436:1438 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 18 theme milk 1179:1182 arg1 lactotransferrin 1418:1433 lactotransferrin 1418:1433 lactotransferrin 1418:1433 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 5 19 theme herd 787:790 arg1 effect 851:856 additive polygenic effect 832:856 additive polygenic effect 832:856 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 5 19 theme herd 787:790 arg1 effects 776:782 the effects 772:782 the effects of herd 772:790 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 5 19 theme herd 787:790 arg1 days 793:796 days 793:796 days in milk, parity, SNP genotype 793:826 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 7 20 from SNP 1194:1196 arg1 SCD-1 1230:1234 SCD-1 1230:1234 SCD-1 1230:1234 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 20 from SNP 1194:1196 arg1 desaturase 1218:1227 the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1201:1227 the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) 1201:1235 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 21 theme protein 1357:1363 arg1 contents 1376:1383 the protein and casein contents 1353:1383 contents 1376:1383 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 8 22 theme improvement 2075:2085 arg1 purposes 2087:2094 genetic improvement purposes 2067:2094 genetic improvement purposes 2067:2094 Although further research is needed to validate these SNPs in other populations and breeds, the association between these markers and milk yield, composition, MUN and SCS could be exploited in gene-assisted selection programs for genetic improvement purposes. 24804775 7 23 theme signal 1726:1731 arg1 transducer 1733:1742 signal transducer 1726:1742 signal transducer 1726:1742 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 1 24 theme somatic 349:355 arg1 SCS 369:371 SCS 369:371 SCS 369:371 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 24 theme somatic 349:355 arg1 score 362:366 somatic cell score 349:366 somatic cell score (SCS) 349:372 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 8 25 theme gene-assisted 2030:2042 arg1 programs 2054:2061 gene-assisted selection programs 2030:2061 gene-assisted selection programs for genetic improvement purposes 2030:2094 Although further research is needed to validate these SNPs in other populations and breeds, the association between these markers and milk yield, composition, MUN and SCS could be exploited in gene-assisted selection programs for genetic improvement purposes. 24804775 3 26 theme Milk 513:516 arg1 production 518:527 Milk production 513:527 Milk production 513:527 Milk production, quality traits (i.e. protein, casein, fat and lactose percentages), MUN and SCS were measured for each milk sample. 24804775 0 27 theme urea 65:68 arg1 nitrogen 70:77 urea nitrogen 65:77 urea nitrogen 65:77 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell scores in Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 8 28 theme genetic 2067:2073 arg1 purposes 2087:2094 genetic improvement purposes 2067:2094 genetic improvement purposes 2067:2094 Although further research is needed to validate these SNPs in other populations and breeds, the association between these markers and milk yield, composition, MUN and SCS could be exploited in gene-assisted selection programs for genetic improvement purposes. 24804775 7 29 theme serpin 1605:1610 arg1 PI 1633:1634 PI 1633:1634 PI 1633:1634 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 29 theme serpin 1605:1610 arg1 inhibitor 1622:1630 serpin peptidase inhibitor 1605:1630 serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) 1605:1635 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 5 30 theme SNP 815:817 arg1 genotype 819:826 SNP genotype 815:826 SNP genotype 815:826 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 5 30 theme SNP 815:817 arg1 milk 801:804 milk 801:804 milk 801:804 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 1 31 theme milk 312:315 arg1 MUN 332:334 MUN 332:334 MUN 332:334 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 31 theme milk 312:315 arg1 nitrogen 322:329 milk urea nitrogen 312:329 milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content 312:343 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 0 32 theme milk 40:43 arg1 yield 45:49 milk yield 40:49 milk yield 40:49 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell scores in Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 8 33 theme milk 1971:1974 arg1 yield 1976:1980 milk yield 1971:1980 milk yield 1971:1980 Although further research is needed to validate these SNPs in other populations and breeds, the association between these markers and milk yield, composition, MUN and SCS could be exploited in gene-assisted selection programs for genetic improvement purposes. 24804775 0 34 theme Candidate 0:8 arg1 analysis 27:34 Candidate gene association analysis 0:34 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell 0:94 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell scores in Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 0 35 theme association 15:25 arg1 analysis 27:34 Candidate gene association analysis 0:34 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell 0:94 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell scores in Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 36 theme adrenergic 1576:1585 arg1 ADRB2 1597:1601 ADRB2 1597:1601 ADRB2 1597:1601 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 36 theme adrenergic 1576:1585 arg1 receptor 1587:1594 beta-2 adrenergic receptor 1569:1594 beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) 1569:1602 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 8 37 theme other 1899:1903 arg1 populations 1905:1915 other populations 1899:1915 other populations 1899:1915 Although further research is needed to validate these SNPs in other populations and breeds, the association between these markers and milk yield, composition, MUN and SCS could be exploited in gene-assisted selection programs for genetic improvement purposes. 24804775 7 38 theme growth 1394:1399 arg1 hormone 1401:1407 growth hormone 1 1394:1409 growth hormone 1 (GH1) 1394:1415 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 38 theme growth 1394:1399 arg1 GH1 1412:1414 GH1 1412:1414 GH1 1412:1414 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 39 theme chemokine 1132:1140 arg1 ligand 1142:1147 chemokine ligand 2 1132:1149 chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) 1132:1156 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 39 theme chemokine 1132:1140 arg1 CCL2 1152:1155 CCL2 1152:1155 CCL2 1152:1155 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 4 40 theme custom 679:684 arg1 approach 715:722 a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach 677:722 a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach 677:722 Genotyping was performed using a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach. 24804775 4 41 theme VeraCode 695:702 arg1 approach 715:722 a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach 677:722 a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach 677:722 Genotyping was performed using a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach. 24804775 1 42 theme polymorphic 265:275 arg1 SNPs 277:280 the polymorphic SNPs 261:280 the polymorphic SNPs 261:280 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 43 theme recruitment 1285:1295 arg1 protein 1307:1313 the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein 1273:1313 the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) 1273:1322 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 43 theme recruitment 1285:1295 arg1 LPIN1 1337:1341 LPIN1 1337:1341 LPIN1 1337:1341 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 43 theme recruitment 1285:1295 arg1 CARD15 1316:1321 CARD15 1316:1321 CARD15 1316:1321 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 5 44 theme association 875:885 arg1 analysis 887:894 the association analysis 871:894 the association analysis 871:894 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 6 45 theme additive 964:971 arg1 effects 973:979 relevant additive effects 955:979 relevant additive effects 955:979 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 24804775 1 46 theme Swiss 420:424 arg1 cows 426:429 Italian Brown Swiss cows 406:429 Italian Brown Swiss cows 406:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 47 theme lactose 1544:1550 arg1 content 1552:1558 lactose content 1544:1558 lactose content 1544:1558 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 5 48 theme polygenic 841:849 arg1 effect 851:856 additive polygenic effect 832:856 additive polygenic effect 832:856 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 7 49 theme prolactin 1102:1110 arg1 PRLR 1122:1125 PRLR 1122:1125 PRLR 1122:1125 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 49 theme prolactin 1102:1110 arg1 receptor 1112:1119 prolactin receptor 1102:1119 prolactin receptor (PRLR) 1102:1126 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 5 50 theme linear 736:741 arg1 model 750:754 A Bayesian linear animal model 725:754 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect 725:856 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 6 51 theme polymorphic 934:944 arg1 SNPs 946:949 the 51 polymorphic SNPs 927:949 the 51 polymorphic SNPs 927:949 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 24804775 7 52 theme glucocorticoid 1048:1061 arg1 GRLF1 1094:1098 GRLF1 1094:1098 GRLF1 1094:1098 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 52 theme glucocorticoid 1048:1061 arg1 factor 1084:1089 the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 1044:1091 the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1) 1044:1099 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 3 53 dep protein 551:557 arg1 i.e. 546:549 i.e. 546:549 i.e. 546:549 Milk production, quality traits (i.e. protein, casein, fat and lactose percentages), MUN and SCS were measured for each milk sample. 24804775 3 53 dep protein 551:557 arg1 percentages 584:594 percentages 584:594 percentages 584:594 Milk production, quality traits (i.e. protein, casein, fat and lactose percentages), MUN and SCS were measured for each milk sample. 24804775 7 54 theme acetyl-CoA 1685:1694 arg1 ACACA 1715:1719 ACACA 1715:1719 ACACA 1715:1719 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 54 theme acetyl-CoA 1685:1694 arg1 alpha 1708:1712 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha 1685:1712 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) 1685:1720 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 6 55 theme aforementioned 1004:1017 arg1 traits 1019:1024 the aforementioned traits 1000:1024 the aforementioned traits 1000:1024 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 24804775 5 56 theme Bayesian 727:734 arg1 model 750:754 A Bayesian linear animal model 725:754 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect 725:856 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 4 57 theme GoldenGate 704:713 arg1 approach 715:722 a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach 677:722 a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach 677:722 Genotyping was performed using a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach. 24804775 7 58 theme receptor 1063:1070 arg1 GRLF1 1094:1098 GRLF1 1094:1098 GRLF1 1094:1098 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 58 theme receptor 1063:1070 arg1 factor 1084:1089 the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 1044:1091 the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1) 1044:1099 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 1 59 theme individual 377:386 arg1 samples 393:399 individual milk samples 377:399 individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows 377:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 5 60 theme animal 743:748 arg1 model 750:754 A Bayesian linear animal model 725:754 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect 725:856 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 7 61 theme casein 1469:1474 arg1 number 1476:1481 casein number 1469:1481 casein number 1469:1481 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 62 theme stearoyl-CoA 1205:1216 arg1 SCD-1 1230:1234 SCD-1 1230:1234 SCD-1 1230:1234 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 62 theme stearoyl-CoA 1205:1216 arg1 desaturase 1218:1227 the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1201:1227 the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) 1201:1235 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 0 63 theme Brown 106:110 arg1 cows 118:121 Brown Swiss cows 106:121 Brown Swiss cows 106:121 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell scores in Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 4 64 theme Illumina 686:693 arg1 approach 715:722 a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach 677:722 a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach 677:722 Genotyping was performed using a custom Illumina VeraCode GoldenGate approach. 24804775 6 65 contain had 951:953 arg2 effects 973:979 relevant additive effects 955:979 relevant additive effects 955:979 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 24804775 6 65 contain had 951:953 arg1 SNPs 946:949 the 51 polymorphic SNPs 927:949 the 51 polymorphic SNPs 927:949 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 24804775 6 65 contain had 951:953 arg1 14 921:922 14 921:922 14 921:922 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 24804775 1 66 theme single-nucleotide 168:184 arg1 SNPs 201:204 SNPs 201:204 SNPs 201:204 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 66 theme single-nucleotide 168:184 arg1 polymorphisms 186:198 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms 165:198 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes 165:229 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 2 67 theme blood 441:445 arg1 samples 447:453 Milk and blood samples 432:453 samples 447:453 Milk and blood samples were collected from 1271 cows sampled once from 85 herds. 24804775 8 68 theme further 1846:1852 arg1 research 1854:1861 further research 1846:1861 further research 1846:1861 Although further research is needed to validate these SNPs in other populations and breeds, the association between these markers and milk yield, composition, MUN and SCS could be exploited in gene-assisted selection programs for genetic improvement purposes. 24804775 7 69 theme transcription 1761:1773 arg1 5A 1775:1776 transcription 5A 1761:1776 transcription 5A (STAT5A) 1761:1785 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 69 theme transcription 1761:1773 arg1 STAT5A 1779:1784 STAT5A 1779:1784 STAT5A 1779:1784 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 1 70 from genes 225:229 arg1 SNPs 201:204 SNPs 201:204 SNPs 201:204 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 70 from genes 225:229 arg1 polymorphisms 186:198 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms 165:198 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes 165:229 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 3 71 theme milk 633:636 arg1 sample 638:643 each milk sample 628:643 each milk sample 628:643 Milk production, quality traits (i.e. protein, casein, fat and lactose percentages), MUN and SCS were measured for each milk sample. 24804775 8 72 theme selection 2044:2052 arg1 programs 2054:2061 gene-assisted selection programs 2030:2061 gene-assisted selection programs for genetic improvement purposes 2030:2094 Although further research is needed to validate these SNPs in other populations and breeds, the association between these markers and milk yield, composition, MUN and SCS could be exploited in gene-assisted selection programs for genetic improvement purposes. 24804775 7 73 theme DNA-binding 1072:1082 arg1 GRLF1 1094:1098 GRLF1 1094:1098 GRLF1 1094:1098 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 73 theme DNA-binding 1072:1082 arg1 factor 1084:1089 the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 1044:1091 the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1) 1044:1099 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 1 74 theme cell 357:360 arg1 SCS 369:371 SCS 369:371 SCS 369:371 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 74 theme cell 357:360 arg1 score 362:366 somatic cell score 349:366 somatic cell score (SCS) 349:372 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 75 from content 337:343 arg1 cows 426:429 Italian Brown Swiss cows 406:429 Italian Brown Swiss cows 406:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 75 from content 337:343 arg1 samples 393:399 individual milk samples 377:399 individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows 377:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 76 theme milk 287:290 arg1 yield 292:296 milk yield 287:296 milk yield 287:296 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 77 theme peptidase 1612:1620 arg1 PI 1633:1634 PI 1633:1634 PI 1633:1634 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 77 theme peptidase 1612:1620 arg1 inhibitor 1622:1630 serpin peptidase inhibitor 1605:1630 serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) 1605:1635 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 78 from SNPs 1561:1564 arg1 ADRB2 1597:1601 ADRB2 1597:1601 ADRB2 1597:1601 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 78 from SNPs 1561:1564 arg1 receptor 1587:1594 beta-2 adrenergic receptor 1569:1594 beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) 1569:1602 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 78 from SNPs 1561:1564 arg1 PI 1633:1634 PI 1633:1634 PI 1633:1634 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 78 from SNPs 1561:1564 arg1 SCD-1 1641:1645 SCD-1 1641:1645 SCD-1 1641:1645 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 78 from SNPs 1561:1564 arg1 inhibitor 1622:1630 serpin peptidase inhibitor 1605:1630 serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) 1605:1635 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 0 79 theme somatic 83:89 arg1 cell 91:94 somatic cell 83:94 somatic cell 83:94 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell scores in Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 5 80 from effects 776:782 arg1 parity 807:812 parity 807:812 parity 807:812 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 5 80 from effects 776:782 arg1 genotype 819:826 SNP genotype 815:826 SNP genotype 815:826 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 5 80 from effects 776:782 arg1 milk 801:804 milk 801:804 milk 801:804 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 2 81 theme Milk 432:435 arg1 samples 447:453 Milk and blood samples 432:453 samples 447:453 Milk and blood samples were collected from 1271 cows sampled once from 85 herds. 24804775 7 82 dep relevant 1456:1463 arg1 with 1174:1177 with 1174:1177 with 1174:1177 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 83 from variants 1484:1491 arg1 GRLF1 1521:1525 GRLF1 1521:1525 GRLF1 1521:1525 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 83 from variants 1484:1491 arg1 CSN2 1509:1512 CSN2 1509:1512 CSN2 1509:1512 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 83 from variants 1484:1491 arg1 GH1 1516:1518 GH1 1516:1518 GH1 1516:1518 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 83 from variants 1484:1491 arg1 casein 1501:1506 beta casein 1496:1506 beta casein (CSN2) 1496:1513 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 83 from variants 1484:1491 arg1 LTF 1531:1533 LTF 1531:1533 LTF 1531:1533 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 0 84 theme gene 10:13 arg1 analysis 27:34 Candidate gene association analysis 0:34 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell 0:94 Candidate gene association analysis for milk yield, composition, urea nitrogen and somatic cell scores in Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 85 theme urea 317:320 arg1 MUN 332:334 MUN 332:334 MUN 332:334 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 85 theme urea 317:320 arg1 nitrogen 322:329 milk urea nitrogen 312:329 milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content 312:343 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 5 86 from days 793:796 arg1 parity 807:812 parity 807:812 parity 807:812 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 5 86 from days 793:796 arg1 genotype 819:826 SNP genotype 815:826 SNP genotype 815:826 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 5 86 from days 793:796 arg1 milk 801:804 milk 801:804 milk 801:804 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 1 87 from cows 426:429 arg1 score 362:366 somatic cell score 349:366 somatic cell score (SCS) 349:372 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 87 from cows 426:429 arg1 composition 299:309 composition 299:309 composition 299:309 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 87 from cows 426:429 arg1 SCS 369:371 SCS 369:371 SCS 369:371 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 87 from cows 426:429 arg1 content 337:343 milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content 312:343 milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content 312:343 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 87 from cows 426:429 arg1 yield 292:296 milk yield 287:296 milk yield 287:296 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 87 from cows 426:429 arg1 samples 393:399 individual milk samples 377:399 individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows 377:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 88 from composition 299:309 arg1 cows 426:429 Italian Brown Swiss cows 406:429 Italian Brown Swiss cows 406:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 88 from composition 299:309 arg1 samples 393:399 individual milk samples 377:399 individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows 377:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 89 theme beta-2 1569:1574 arg1 ADRB2 1597:1601 ADRB2 1597:1601 ADRB2 1597:1601 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 89 theme beta-2 1569:1574 arg1 receptor 1587:1594 beta-2 adrenergic receptor 1569:1594 beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) 1569:1602 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 90 from activator 1748:1756 arg1 transducer 1733:1742 signal transducer 1726:1742 signal transducer 1726:1742 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 90 from activator 1748:1756 arg1 ACACA 1715:1719 ACACA 1715:1719 ACACA 1715:1719 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 90 from activator 1748:1756 arg1 alpha 1708:1712 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha 1685:1712 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) 1685:1720 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 91 from yield 1184:1188 arg1 hormone 1401:1407 growth hormone 1 1394:1409 growth hormone 1 (GH1) 1394:1415 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 91 from yield 1184:1188 arg1 GH1 1412:1414 GH1 1412:1414 GH1 1412:1414 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 1 92 from yield 292:296 arg1 cows 426:429 Italian Brown Swiss cows 406:429 Italian Brown Swiss cows 406:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 1 92 from yield 292:296 arg1 samples 393:399 individual milk samples 377:399 individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows 377:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 3 93 theme quality 530:536 arg1 traits 538:543 quality traits 530:543 quality traits (i.e. protein, casein, fat and lactose percentages) 530:595 Milk production, quality traits (i.e. protein, casein, fat and lactose percentages), MUN and SCS were measured for each milk sample. 24804775 7 94 from SNPs 1677:1680 arg1 transducer 1733:1742 signal transducer 1726:1742 signal transducer 1726:1742 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 94 from SNPs 1677:1680 arg1 ACACA 1715:1719 ACACA 1715:1719 ACACA 1715:1719 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 94 from SNPs 1677:1680 arg1 alpha 1708:1712 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha 1685:1712 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) 1685:1720 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 95 theme SCS 1832:1834 arg1 variation 1819:1827 the variation 1815:1827 the variation of SCS 1815:1834 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 1 96 theme SNPs 277:280 arg1 associations 245:256 the associations 241:256 the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows 241:429 The aim of this study was to investigate 96 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 candidate genes, and test the associations of the polymorphic SNPs with milk yield, composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content and somatic cell score (SCS) in individual milk samples from Italian Brown Swiss cows. 24804775 7 97 theme domain 1297:1302 arg1 protein 1307:1313 the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein 1273:1313 the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) 1273:1322 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 97 theme domain 1297:1302 arg1 LPIN1 1337:1341 LPIN1 1337:1341 LPIN1 1337:1341 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 97 theme domain 1297:1302 arg1 CARD15 1316:1321 CARD15 1316:1321 CARD15 1316:1321 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 5 98 theme additive 832:839 arg1 effect 851:856 additive polygenic effect 832:856 additive polygenic effect 832:856 A Bayesian linear animal model that considered the effects of herd, days in milk, parity, SNP genotype and additive polygenic effect was used for the association analysis. 24804775 6 99 theme relevant 955:962 arg1 effects 973:979 relevant additive effects 955:979 relevant additive effects 955:979 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 24804775 7 100 theme carboxylase 1696:1706 arg1 ACACA 1715:1719 ACACA 1715:1719 ACACA 1715:1719 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 100 theme carboxylase 1696:1706 arg1 alpha 1708:1712 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha 1685:1712 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) 1685:1720 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 101 theme caspase 1277:1283 arg1 protein 1307:1313 the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein 1273:1313 the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) 1273:1322 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 101 theme caspase 1277:1283 arg1 LPIN1 1337:1341 LPIN1 1337:1341 LPIN1 1337:1341 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 7 101 theme caspase 1277:1283 arg1 CARD15 1316:1321 CARD15 1316:1321 CARD15 1316:1321 Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 (GRLF1), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were associated with milk yield; an SNP in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) was related to fat content; SNPs in the caspase recruitment domain 15 protein (CARD15) and lipin 1 (LPIN1) affected the protein and casein contents; SNPs in growth hormone 1 (GH1), lactotransferrin (LTF) and SCD-1 were relevant for casein number; variants in beta casein (CSN2), GH1, GRLF1 and LTF affected lactose content; SNPs in beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), serpin peptidase inhibitor (PI) and SCD-1 were associated with MUN; and SNPs in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) were relevant in explaining the variation of SCS. 24804775 6 102 theme SNPs 946:949 arg1 SNPs 946:949 the 51 polymorphic SNPs 927:949 the 51 polymorphic SNPs 927:949 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 24804775 6 102 theme SNPs 946:949 arg1 14 921:922 14 921:922 14 921:922 Our results showed that 14 of the 51 polymorphic SNPs had relevant additive effects on at least one of the aforementioned traits. 26208826 0 0 theme nucleoid 75:82 arg1 structure 38:46 structure 38:46 structure 38:46 Growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in Escherichia coli. 26208826 0 0 theme nucleoid 75:82 arg1 composition 60:70 protein composition 52:70 protein composition 52:70 Growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in Escherichia coli. 26208826 5 1 theme structuring 708:718 arg1 H-NS 729:732 H-NS 729:732 H-NS 729:732 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 1 theme structuring 708:718 arg1 protein 720:726 histone-like nucleoid structuring protein 686:726 histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) 686:733 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 7 2 theme nucleoid-associated 1228:1246 arg1 protein 1248:1254 the main nucleoid-associated protein 1219:1254 the main nucleoid-associated protein at stationary phase 1219:1274 It has been known for a while that Dps is the main nucleoid-associated protein at stationary phase. 26208826 7 2 theme nucleoid-associated 1228:1246 arg1 Dps 1212:1214 Dps 1212:1214 Dps 1212:1214 It has been known for a while that Dps is the main nucleoid-associated protein at stationary phase. 26208826 8 3 theme prevailing 1304:1313 arg1 information 1315:1325 the prevailing information 1300:1325 the prevailing information 1300:1325 From these results and the prevailing information, we propose a model for growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli. 26208826 6 4 theme phase 1161:1165 arg1 nucleoid 1167:1174 the stationary phase nucleoid 1146:1174 the stationary phase nucleoid 1146:1174 Our results reveal that the major components of exponential phase nucleoid are Fis, HU, H-NS, StpA and Hfq, while Dps occupies more than half of the stationary phase nucleoid. 26208826 4 5 theme nucleoid 525:532 arg1 structure 534:542 the nucleoid structure 521:542 the nucleoid structure in the stationary phase 521:566 The nucleoid structures were found to undergo changes during the cell growth; i. e., the nucleoid structure in the stationary phase was more tightly compacted than that in the exponential phase. 26208826 6 6 theme stationary 1150:1159 arg1 nucleoid 1167:1174 the stationary phase nucleoid 1146:1174 the stationary phase nucleoid 1146:1174 Our results reveal that the major components of exponential phase nucleoid are Fis, HU, H-NS, StpA and Hfq, while Dps occupies more than half of the stationary phase nucleoid. 26208826 5 7 theme phenotype 981:989 arg1 StpA 994:997 StpA 994:997 StpA 994:997 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 7 theme phenotype 981:989 arg1 A 991:991 td(-) phenotype A 975:991 td(-) phenotype A (StpA) 975:998 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 8 theme nucleoid 863:870 arg1 candidates 841:850 three new candidates 831:850 three new candidates 831:850 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 8 theme nucleoid 863:870 arg1 protein 892:898 DNA-binding protein 880:898 DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) 880:923 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 8 theme nucleoid 863:870 arg1 factor 931:936 host factor 926:936 host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) 926:955 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 8 theme nucleoid 863:870 arg1 suppressor 961:970 suppressor 961:970 suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA) 961:998 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 7 9 theme main 1223:1226 arg1 protein 1248:1254 the main nucleoid-associated protein 1219:1254 the main nucleoid-associated protein at stationary phase 1219:1274 It has been known for a while that Dps is the main nucleoid-associated protein at stationary phase. 26208826 7 9 theme main 1223:1226 arg1 Dps 1212:1214 Dps 1212:1214 Dps 1212:1214 It has been known for a while that Dps is the main nucleoid-associated protein at stationary phase. 26208826 6 10 theme major 1029:1033 arg1 components 1035:1044 the major components 1025:1044 the major components of exponential phase nucleoid 1025:1074 Our results reveal that the major components of exponential phase nucleoid are Fis, HU, H-NS, StpA and Hfq, while Dps occupies more than half of the stationary phase nucleoid. 26208826 6 10 theme major 1029:1033 arg1 Fis 1080:1082 Fis 1080:1082 Fis 1080:1082 Our results reveal that the major components of exponential phase nucleoid are Fis, HU, H-NS, StpA and Hfq, while Dps occupies more than half of the stationary phase nucleoid. 26208826 8 11 theme protein 1403:1409 arg1 composition 1411:1421 protein composition 1403:1421 protein composition 1403:1421 From these results and the prevailing information, we propose a model for growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli. 26208826 4 12 from structure 534:542 arg1 phase 562:566 the stationary phase 547:566 the stationary phase 547:566 The nucleoid structures were found to undergo changes during the cell growth; i. e., the nucleoid structure in the stationary phase was more tightly compacted than that in the exponential phase. 26208826 0 13 from structure 38:46 arg1 coli 99:102 Escherichia coli 87:102 Escherichia coli 87:102 Growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in Escherichia coli. 26208826 5 14 theme heat-unstable 736:748 arg1 HU 768:769 HU 768:769 HU 768:769 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 14 theme heat-unstable 736:748 arg1 protein 759:765 heat-unstable nucleoid protein 736:765 heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) 736:770 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 15 from cells 913:917 arg1 factor 931:936 host factor 926:936 host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) 926:955 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 15 from cells 913:917 arg1 suppressor 961:970 suppressor 961:970 suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA) 961:998 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 15 from cells 913:917 arg1 Dps 920:922 Dps 920:922 Dps 920:922 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 15 from cells 913:917 arg1 candidates 841:850 three new candidates 831:850 three new candidates 831:850 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 15 from cells 913:917 arg1 protein 892:898 DNA-binding protein 880:898 DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) 880:923 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 15 from cells 913:917 arg1 Hfq 952:954 Hfq 952:954 Hfq 952:954 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 16 theme host 788:791 arg1 factor 793:798 integration host factor 776:798 integration host factor (IHF) 776:804 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 16 theme host 788:791 arg1 IHF 801:803 IHF 801:803 IHF 801:803 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 7 17 from phase 1270:1274 arg1 protein 1248:1254 the main nucleoid-associated protein 1219:1254 the main nucleoid-associated protein at stationary phase 1219:1274 It has been known for a while that Dps is the main nucleoid-associated protein at stationary phase. 26208826 7 17 from phase 1270:1274 arg1 Dps 1212:1214 Dps 1212:1214 Dps 1212:1214 It has been known for a while that Dps is the main nucleoid-associated protein at stationary phase. 26208826 8 18 dep structure 1389:1397 arg1 the 1385:1387 the 1385:1387 the 1385:1387 From these results and the prevailing information, we propose a model for growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli. 26208826 2 19 theme Escherichia 224:234 arg1 nucleoid 241:248 Escherichia coli nucleoid 224:248 Escherichia coli nucleoid 224:248 Here, we have isolated Escherichia coli nucleoid by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. 26208826 3 20 theme various 413:419 arg1 phases 428:433 various growth phases 413:433 various growth phases 413:433 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids were then compared under various growth phases. 26208826 3 21 theme DNA 350:352 arg1 composition 354:364 protein/ DNA composition 341:364 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids 294:386 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids were then compared under various growth phases. 26208826 5 22 theme td 975:976 arg1 StpA 994:997 StpA 994:997 StpA 994:997 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 22 theme td 975:976 arg1 A 991:991 td(-) phenotype A 975:991 td(-) phenotype A (StpA) 975:998 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 23 theme histone-like 686:697 arg1 H-NS 729:732 H-NS 729:732 H-NS 729:732 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 23 theme histone-like 686:697 arg1 protein 720:726 histone-like nucleoid structuring protein 686:726 histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) 686:733 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 4 24 theme nucleoid 440:447 arg1 structures 449:458 The nucleoid structures 436:458 The nucleoid structures 436:458 The nucleoid structures were found to undergo changes during the cell growth; i. e., the nucleoid structure in the stationary phase was more tightly compacted than that in the exponential phase. 26208826 1 25 theme single 158:163 arg1 bodies 174:179 a single or a few bodies 156:179 a single or a few bodies known as nucleoids 156:198 The genomic DNA of bacteria is highly compacted in a single or a few bodies known as nucleoids. 26208826 5 26 theme nucleoid 750:757 arg1 HU 768:769 HU 768:769 HU 768:769 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 26 theme nucleoid 750:757 arg1 protein 759:765 heat-unstable nucleoid protein 736:765 heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) 736:770 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 8 27 from structure 1389:1397 arg1 coli 1441:1444 E. coli 1438:1444 E. coli 1438:1444 From these results and the prevailing information, we propose a model for growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli. 26208826 2 28 theme gradient 269:276 arg1 centrifugation 278:291 sucrose density gradient centrifugation 253:291 sucrose density gradient centrifugation 253:291 Here, we have isolated Escherichia coli nucleoid by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. 26208826 4 29 theme exponential 612:622 arg1 phase 624:628 the exponential phase 608:628 the exponential phase 608:628 The nucleoid structures were found to undergo changes during the cell growth; i. e., the nucleoid structure in the stationary phase was more tightly compacted than that in the exponential phase. 26208826 2 30 theme density 261:267 arg1 centrifugation 278:291 sucrose density gradient centrifugation 253:291 sucrose density gradient centrifugation 253:291 Here, we have isolated Escherichia coli nucleoid by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. 26208826 3 31 theme protein/ 341:348 arg1 composition 354:364 protein/ DNA composition 341:364 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids 294:386 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids were then compared under various growth phases. 26208826 2 32 theme sucrose 253:259 arg1 centrifugation 278:291 sucrose density gradient centrifugation 253:291 sucrose density gradient centrifugation 253:291 Here, we have isolated Escherichia coli nucleoid by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. 26208826 1 33 theme few 170:172 arg1 bodies 174:179 a single or a few bodies 156:179 a single or a few bodies known as nucleoids 156:198 The genomic DNA of bacteria is highly compacted in a single or a few bodies known as nucleoids. 26208826 3 34 theme nucleoids 378:386 arg1 structures 319:328 structures 319:328 structures 319:328 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids were then compared under various growth phases. 26208826 3 34 theme nucleoids 378:386 arg1 rates 312:316 The sedimentation rates 294:316 The sedimentation rates 294:316 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids were then compared under various growth phases. 26208826 3 34 theme nucleoids 378:386 arg1 composition 354:364 protein/ DNA composition 341:364 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids 294:386 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids were then compared under various growth phases. 26208826 5 35 theme inversion 657:665 arg1 stimulation 667:677 inversion stimulation 657:677 inversion stimulation 657:677 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 6 36 theme nucleoid 1067:1074 arg1 components 1035:1044 the major components 1025:1044 the major components of exponential phase nucleoid 1025:1074 Our results reveal that the major components of exponential phase nucleoid are Fis, HU, H-NS, StpA and Hfq, while Dps occupies more than half of the stationary phase nucleoid. 26208826 6 36 theme nucleoid 1067:1074 arg1 Fis 1080:1082 Fis 1080:1082 Fis 1080:1082 Our results reveal that the major components of exponential phase nucleoid are Fis, HU, H-NS, StpA and Hfq, while Dps occupies more than half of the stationary phase nucleoid. 26208826 3 37 theme growth 421:426 arg1 phases 428:433 various growth phases 413:433 various growth phases 413:433 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids were then compared under various growth phases. 26208826 4 38 theme cell 501:504 arg1 growth 506:511 the cell growth 497:511 the cell growth 497:511 The nucleoid structures were found to undergo changes during the cell growth; i. e., the nucleoid structure in the stationary phase was more tightly compacted than that in the exponential phase. 26208826 0 39 from composition 60:70 arg1 coli 99:102 Escherichia coli 87:102 Escherichia coli 87:102 Growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in Escherichia coli. 26208826 0 40 dep structure 38:46 arg1 the 34:36 the 34:36 the 34:36 Growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in Escherichia coli. 26208826 5 41 theme integration 776:786 arg1 factor 793:798 integration host factor 776:798 integration host factor (IHF) 776:804 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 41 theme integration 776:786 arg1 IHF 801:803 IHF 801:803 IHF 801:803 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 42 theme A 991:991 arg1 factor 931:936 host factor 926:936 host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) 926:955 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 42 theme A 991:991 arg1 suppressor 961:970 suppressor 961:970 suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA) 961:998 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 42 theme A 991:991 arg1 Dps 920:922 Dps 920:922 Dps 920:922 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 42 theme A 991:991 arg1 candidates 841:850 three new candidates 831:850 three new candidates 831:850 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 42 theme A 991:991 arg1 protein 892:898 DNA-binding protein 880:898 DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) 880:923 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 42 theme A 991:991 arg1 Hfq 952:954 Hfq 952:954 Hfq 952:954 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 8 43 from composition 1411:1421 arg1 coli 1441:1444 E. coli 1438:1444 E. coli 1438:1444 From these results and the prevailing information, we propose a model for growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli. 26208826 5 44 theme nucleoid 699:706 arg1 H-NS 729:732 H-NS 729:732 H-NS 729:732 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 44 theme nucleoid 699:706 arg1 protein 720:726 histone-like nucleoid structuring protein 686:726 histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) 686:733 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 6 45 theme exponential 1049:1059 arg1 nucleoid 1067:1074 exponential phase nucleoid 1049:1074 exponential phase nucleoid 1049:1074 Our results reveal that the major components of exponential phase nucleoid are Fis, HU, H-NS, StpA and Hfq, while Dps occupies more than half of the stationary phase nucleoid. 26208826 8 46 theme dependent 1364:1372 arg1 changes 1374:1380 growth phase dependent changes 1351:1380 growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli 1351:1444 From these results and the prevailing information, we propose a model for growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli. 26208826 3 47 theme isolated 369:376 arg1 nucleoids 378:386 isolated nucleoids 369:386 isolated nucleoids 369:386 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids were then compared under various growth phases. 26208826 7 48 theme stationary 1259:1268 arg1 phase 1270:1274 stationary phase 1259:1274 stationary phase 1259:1274 It has been known for a while that Dps is the main nucleoid-associated protein at stationary phase. 26208826 5 49 theme host 926:929 arg1 candidates 841:850 three new candidates 831:850 three new candidates 831:850 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 49 theme host 926:929 arg1 Hfq 952:954 Hfq 952:954 Hfq 952:954 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 49 theme host 926:929 arg1 factor 931:936 host factor 926:936 host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) 926:955 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 1 50 theme genomic 109:115 arg1 DNA 117:119 The genomic DNA 105:119 The genomic DNA of bacteria 105:131 The genomic DNA of bacteria is highly compacted in a single or a few bodies known as nucleoids. 26208826 8 51 theme nucleoid 1426:1433 arg1 structure 1389:1397 structure 1389:1397 structure 1389:1397 From these results and the prevailing information, we propose a model for growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli. 26208826 8 51 theme nucleoid 1426:1433 arg1 composition 1411:1421 protein composition 1403:1421 protein composition 1403:1421 From these results and the prevailing information, we propose a model for growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli. 26208826 6 52 theme nucleoid 1167:1174 arg1 half 1138:1141 half 1138:1141 half of the stationary phase nucleoid 1138:1174 Our results reveal that the major components of exponential phase nucleoid are Fis, HU, H-NS, StpA and Hfq, while Dps occupies more than half of the stationary phase nucleoid. 26208826 6 53 theme phase 1061:1065 arg1 nucleoid 1067:1074 exponential phase nucleoid 1049:1074 exponential phase nucleoid 1049:1074 Our results reveal that the major components of exponential phase nucleoid are Fis, HU, H-NS, StpA and Hfq, while Dps occupies more than half of the stationary phase nucleoid. 26208826 8 54 from changes 1374:1380 arg1 structure 1389:1397 structure 1389:1397 structure 1389:1397 From these results and the prevailing information, we propose a model for growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli. 26208826 8 54 from changes 1374:1380 arg1 composition 1411:1421 protein composition 1403:1421 protein composition 1403:1421 From these results and the prevailing information, we propose a model for growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in E. coli. 26208826 5 55 theme E. 855:856 arg1 nucleoid 863:870 E. coli nucleoid 855:870 E. coli nucleoid 855:870 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 56 theme DNA-binding 880:890 arg1 Dps 920:922 Dps 920:922 Dps 920:922 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 56 theme DNA-binding 880:890 arg1 protein 892:898 DNA-binding protein 880:898 DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) 880:923 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 56 theme DNA-binding 880:890 arg1 candidates 841:850 three new candidates 831:850 three new candidates 831:850 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 57 dep E. 855:856 arg1 coli 858:861 coli 858:861 coli 858:861 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 58 theme new 837:839 arg1 candidates 841:850 three new candidates 831:850 three new candidates 831:850 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 58 theme new 837:839 arg1 protein 892:898 DNA-binding protein 880:898 DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) 880:923 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 58 theme new 837:839 arg1 factor 931:936 host factor 926:936 host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) 926:955 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 58 theme new 837:839 arg1 suppressor 961:970 suppressor 961:970 suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA) 961:998 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 4 59 theme stationary 551:560 arg1 phase 562:566 the stationary phase 547:566 the stationary phase 547:566 The nucleoid structures were found to undergo changes during the cell growth; i. e., the nucleoid structure in the stationary phase was more tightly compacted than that in the exponential phase. 26208826 3 60 theme sedimentation 298:310 arg1 structures 319:328 structures 319:328 structures 319:328 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids were then compared under various growth phases. 26208826 3 60 theme sedimentation 298:310 arg1 rates 312:316 The sedimentation rates 294:316 The sedimentation rates 294:316 The sedimentation rates, structures as well as protein/ DNA composition of isolated nucleoids were then compared under various growth phases. 26208826 5 61 theme phage 942:946 arg1 Qβ 948:949 phage Qβ 942:949 phage Qβ 942:949 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 5 62 theme starved 905:911 arg1 cells 913:917 starved cells 905:917 starved cells 905:917 In addition to factor for inversion stimulation (Fis), histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), heat-unstable nucleoid protein (HU) and integration host factor (IHF) here we have identified, three new candidates of E. coli nucleoid, namely DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), host factor for phage Qβ (Hfq) and suppressor of td(-) phenotype A (StpA). 26208826 1 63 theme bacteria 124:131 arg1 DNA 117:119 The genomic DNA 105:119 The genomic DNA of bacteria 105:131 The genomic DNA of bacteria is highly compacted in a single or a few bodies known as nucleoids. 26208826 0 64 theme protein 52:58 arg1 composition 60:70 protein composition 52:70 protein composition 52:70 Growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in Escherichia coli. 26208826 0 65 from changes 23:29 arg1 structure 38:46 structure 38:46 structure 38:46 Growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in Escherichia coli. 26208826 0 65 from changes 23:29 arg1 composition 60:70 protein composition 52:70 protein composition 52:70 Growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in Escherichia coli. 26208826 0 66 theme dependent 13:21 arg1 changes 23:29 Growth phase dependent changes 0:29 Growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in Escherichia coli. 0:103 Growth phase dependent changes in the structure and protein composition of nucleoid in Escherichia coli. 26208826 2 67 dep Escherichia 224:234 arg1 coli 236:239 coli 236:239 coli 236:239 Here, we have isolated Escherichia coli nucleoid by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. 24506696 2 0 theme low 432:434 arg1 pH 436:437 low pH 432:437 low pH 432:437 To this end, a comparison of its response of ΔRR12 to low pH with the parental strain Lact. 24506696 7 1 theme mutant 958:963 arg1 ΔRR12 972:976 the mutant strain ΔRR12 954:976 the mutant strain ΔRR12 954:976 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 6 2 theme FAs 816:818 arg1 content 805:811 the content 801:811 the content of FAs and membrane-associated proteins 801:851 However, significant differences in the content of FAs and membrane-associated proteins were detected. 24506696 0 3 theme acid 202:205 arg1 sensitivity 207:217 the acid sensitivity 198:217 the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12 198:246 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 7 4 theme increased 990:998 arg1 permeability 1000:1011 an increased permeability 987:1011 an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain 987:1047 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 6 5 theme significant 774:784 arg1 differences 786:796 significant differences 774:796 significant differences in the content of FAs and membrane-associated proteins 774:851 However, significant differences in the content of FAs and membrane-associated proteins were detected. 24506696 0 6 theme mutant 75:80 arg1 strain 82:87 a mutant strain 73:87 a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity 73:119 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 0 7 with strain 82:87 arg1 activity 112:119 low D-alanylation activity 94:119 low D-alanylation activity 94:119 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 8 8 theme cell 1242:1245 arg1 envelope 1247:1254 the cell envelope 1238:1254 the cell envelope 1238:1254 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 indicated that the inactivation of TCS12 affected the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope. 24506696 0 9 with sensitivity 125:135 arg1 activity 112:119 low D-alanylation activity 94:119 low D-alanylation activity 94:119 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 9 10 theme teichoic 1335:1342 arg1 acids 1344:1348 teichoic acids 1335:1348 teichoic acids 1335:1348 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins suggested that low alanylation of teichoic acids affected the permeability of the cell membrane and possibly accounts for the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12. 24506696 2 11 theme strain 457:462 arg1 Lact 464:467 the parental strain Lact 444:467 the parental strain Lact 444:467 To this end, a comparison of its response of ΔRR12 to low pH with the parental strain Lact. 24506696 4 12 dep METHODS 498:504 arg1 investigated 672:683 investigated 672:683 were investigated 667:683 METHODS AND RESULTS The ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR), fatty acid (FA) composition and proteome changes induced in both strains in response to acid were investigated. 24506696 7 13 from permeability 1000:1011 arg1 strain 1042:1047 this strain 1037:1047 this strain 1037:1047 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 2 14 theme parental 448:455 arg1 Lact 464:467 the parental strain Lact 444:467 the parental strain Lact 444:467 To this end, a comparison of its response of ΔRR12 to low pH with the parental strain Lact. 24506696 7 15 theme cell 1020:1023 arg1 membrane 1025:1032 the cell membrane 1016:1032 the cell membrane 1016:1032 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 9 16 theme cell 1383:1386 arg1 membrane 1388:1395 the cell membrane 1379:1395 the cell membrane 1379:1395 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins suggested that low alanylation of teichoic acids affected the permeability of the cell membrane and possibly accounts for the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12. 24506696 9 17 theme acids 1344:1348 arg1 alanylation 1320:1330 low alanylation 1316:1330 low alanylation of teichoic acids 1316:1348 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins suggested that low alanylation of teichoic acids affected the permeability of the cell membrane and possibly accounts for the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12. 24506696 0 18 theme strain 82:87 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. 0:146 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 2 19 theme ΔRR12 423:427 arg1 response 411:418 its response 407:418 its response of ΔRR12 to low pH 407:437 To this end, a comparison of its response of ΔRR12 to low pH with the parental strain Lact. 24506696 0 20 theme casei 236:240 arg1 sensitivity 207:217 the acid sensitivity 198:217 the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12 198:246 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 3 21 theme casei 470:474 arg1 BL23 476:479 casei BL23 470:479 casei BL23 470:479 casei BL23 was carried out. 24506696 1 22 theme diminished 329:338 arg1 activity 368:375 a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity 327:375 a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity 327:375 RR12 controls the expression of the dlt operon, and its inactivation leads to a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity. 24506696 0 23 theme Lactobacillus 222:234 arg1 casei 236:240 Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12 222:246 Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12 222:246 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 7 24 theme cytoplasmic 905:915 arg1 proteins 917:924 cytoplasmic proteins 905:924 cytoplasmic proteins 905:924 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 7 25 theme ΔRR12 972:976 arg1 fraction 942:949 the membrane fraction 929:949 the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 929:976 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 4 26 theme acid 580:583 arg1 composition 590:600 fatty acid (FA) composition 574:600 fatty acid (FA) composition 574:600 METHODS AND RESULTS The ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR), fatty acid (FA) composition and proteome changes induced in both strains in response to acid were investigated. 24506696 2 27 dep comparison 393:402 arg1 end 386:388 this end 381:388 this end 381:388 To this end, a comparison of its response of ΔRR12 to low pH with the parental strain Lact. 24506696 4 28 theme fatty 574:578 arg1 FA 586:587 FA 586:587 FA 586:587 METHODS AND RESULTS The ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR), fatty acid (FA) composition and proteome changes induced in both strains in response to acid were investigated. 24506696 4 28 theme fatty 574:578 arg1 acid 580:583 fatty acid 574:583 fatty acid (FA) composition 574:600 METHODS AND RESULTS The ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR), fatty acid (FA) composition and proteome changes induced in both strains in response to acid were investigated. 24506696 0 29 theme response 24:31 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. 0:146 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 0 30 theme D-alanylation 98:110 arg1 activity 112:119 low D-alanylation activity 94:119 low D-alanylation activity 94:119 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 7 31 theme greater 884:890 arg1 abundance 892:900 The greater abundance 880:900 The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 880:976 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 8 32 theme response 1107:1114 arg1 analysis 1091:1098 The analysis 1087:1098 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 1050:1140 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 indicated that the inactivation of TCS12 affected the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope. 24506696 0 33 theme low 94:96 arg1 activity 112:119 low D-alanylation activity 94:119 low D-alanylation activity 94:119 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 1 34 theme teichoic 340:347 arg1 acid 349:352 teichoic acid 340:352 a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity 327:375 RR12 controls the expression of the dlt operon, and its inactivation leads to a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity. 24506696 7 35 from abundance 892:900 arg1 fraction 942:949 the membrane fraction 929:949 the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 929:976 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 9 36 theme strain 1447:1452 arg1 sensitivity 1432:1442 the acid sensitivity 1423:1442 the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12 1423:1458 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins suggested that low alanylation of teichoic acids affected the permeability of the cell membrane and possibly accounts for the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12. 24506696 4 37 theme tolerance 548:556 arg1 ATR 568:570 ATR 568:570 ATR 568:570 METHODS AND RESULTS The ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR), fatty acid (FA) composition and proteome changes induced in both strains in response to acid were investigated. 24506696 4 37 theme tolerance 548:556 arg1 response 558:565 an acid tolerance response 540:565 an acid tolerance response (ATR) 540:571 METHODS AND RESULTS The ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR), fatty acid (FA) composition and proteome changes induced in both strains in response to acid were investigated. 24506696 0 38 theme low 36:38 arg1 pH 40:41 low pH 36:41 low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12 36:70 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 1 39 theme acid 349:352 arg1 activity 368:375 a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity 327:375 a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity 327:375 RR12 controls the expression of the dlt operon, and its inactivation leads to a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity. 24506696 5 40 theme growth-phase-dependent 737:758 arg1 ATR 760:762 a growth-phase-dependent ATR 735:762 a growth-phase-dependent ATR 735:762 Results obtained showed that both strains induce a growth-phase-dependent ATR. 24506696 8 41 theme low 1119:1121 arg1 pH 1123:1124 low pH 1119:1124 low pH 1119:1124 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 indicated that the inactivation of TCS12 affected the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope. 24506696 9 42 theme Increased 1257:1265 arg1 abundance 1267:1275 Increased abundance 1257:1275 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins 1257:1299 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins suggested that low alanylation of teichoic acids affected the permeability of the cell membrane and possibly accounts for the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12. 24506696 9 43 theme cytoplasmic 1280:1290 arg1 proteins 1292:1299 cytoplasmic proteins 1280:1299 cytoplasmic proteins 1280:1299 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins suggested that low alanylation of teichoic acids affected the permeability of the cell membrane and possibly accounts for the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12. 24506696 1 44 theme D-alanylation 354:366 arg1 activity 368:375 a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity 327:375 a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity 327:375 RR12 controls the expression of the dlt operon, and its inactivation leads to a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity. 24506696 0 45 with response 24:31 arg1 activity 112:119 low D-alanylation activity 94:119 low D-alanylation activity 94:119 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 6 46 theme proteins 844:851 arg1 content 805:811 the content 801:811 the content of FAs and membrane-associated proteins 801:851 However, significant differences in the content of FAs and membrane-associated proteins were detected. 24506696 2 47 theme response 411:418 arg1 comparison 393:402 a comparison 391:402 a comparison of its response of ΔRR12 to low pH with the parental strain Lact 391:467 To this end, a comparison of its response of ΔRR12 to low pH with the parental strain Lact. 24506696 8 48 theme STUDY 1081:1085 arg1 IMPACT 1067:1072 IMPACT 1067:1072 IMPACT 1067:1072 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 indicated that the inactivation of TCS12 affected the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope. 24506696 8 48 theme STUDY 1081:1085 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1050:1061 SIGNIFICANCE 1050:1061 SIGNIFICANCE 1050:1061 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 indicated that the inactivation of TCS12 affected the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope. 24506696 7 49 theme strain 965:970 arg1 ΔRR12 972:976 the mutant strain ΔRR12 954:976 the mutant strain ΔRR12 954:976 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 9 50 theme membrane 1388:1395 arg1 permeability 1363:1374 the permeability 1359:1374 the permeability of the cell membrane 1359:1395 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins suggested that low alanylation of teichoic acids affected the permeability of the cell membrane and possibly accounts for the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12. 24506696 4 51 theme proteome 606:613 arg1 changes 615:621 proteome changes 606:621 proteome changes induced in both strains in response to acid 606:665 METHODS AND RESULTS The ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR), fatty acid (FA) composition and proteome changes induced in both strains in response to acid were investigated. 24506696 1 52 theme dlt 285:287 arg1 operon 289:294 the dlt operon 281:294 the dlt operon 281:294 RR12 controls the expression of the dlt operon, and its inactivation leads to a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity. 24506696 0 53 theme sensitivity 125:135 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. 0:146 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 7 54 theme membrane 1025:1032 arg1 permeability 1000:1011 an increased permeability 987:1011 an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain 987:1047 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 7 55 dep CONCLUSIONS 868:878 arg1 suggests 978:985 suggests 978:985 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain 978:1047 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 1 56 theme operon 289:294 arg1 expression 267:276 the expression 263:276 the expression of the dlt operon 263:294 RR12 controls the expression of the dlt operon, and its inactivation leads to a diminished teichoic acid D-alanylation activity. 24506696 2 57 with comparison 393:402 arg1 Lact 464:467 the parental strain Lact 444:467 the parental strain Lact 444:467 To this end, a comparison of its response of ΔRR12 to low pH with the parental strain Lact. 24506696 8 58 theme FAs 1207:1209 arg1 content 1196:1202 the content 1192:1202 the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope 1192:1254 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 indicated that the inactivation of TCS12 affected the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope. 24506696 9 59 theme proteins 1292:1299 arg1 abundance 1267:1275 Increased abundance 1257:1275 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins 1257:1299 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins suggested that low alanylation of teichoic acids affected the permeability of the cell membrane and possibly accounts for the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12. 24506696 7 60 theme membrane 933:940 arg1 fraction 942:949 the membrane fraction 929:949 the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 929:976 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 7 61 theme proteins 917:924 arg1 abundance 892:900 The greater abundance 880:900 The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 880:976 CONCLUSIONS The greater abundance of cytoplasmic proteins in the membrane fraction of the mutant strain ΔRR12 suggests an increased permeability of the cell membrane in this strain. 24506696 8 62 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1050:1061 arg1 analysis 1091:1098 The analysis 1087:1098 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 1050:1140 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 indicated that the inactivation of TCS12 affected the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope. 24506696 8 63 theme strain 1129:1134 arg1 analysis 1091:1098 The analysis 1087:1098 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 1050:1140 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 indicated that the inactivation of TCS12 affected the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope. 24506696 0 64 theme casei 60:64 arg1 pH 40:41 low pH 36:41 low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12 36:70 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 8 65 theme TCS12 1177:1181 arg1 inactivation 1161:1172 the inactivation 1157:1172 the inactivation of TCS12 1157:1181 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 indicated that the inactivation of TCS12 affected the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope. 24506696 9 66 theme acid 1427:1430 arg1 sensitivity 1432:1442 the acid sensitivity 1423:1442 the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12 1423:1458 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins suggested that low alanylation of teichoic acids affected the permeability of the cell membrane and possibly accounts for the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12. 24506696 8 67 theme proteins 1215:1222 arg1 content 1196:1202 the content 1192:1202 the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope 1192:1254 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The analysis of the response to low pH of strain ΔRR12 indicated that the inactivation of TCS12 affected the content of FAs and proteins associated to the cell envelope. 24506696 4 68 theme acid 543:546 arg1 ATR 568:570 ATR 568:570 ATR 568:570 METHODS AND RESULTS The ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR), fatty acid (FA) composition and proteome changes induced in both strains in response to acid were investigated. 24506696 4 68 theme acid 543:546 arg1 response 558:565 an acid tolerance response 540:565 an acid tolerance response (ATR) 540:571 METHODS AND RESULTS The ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR), fatty acid (FA) composition and proteome changes induced in both strains in response to acid were investigated. 24506696 0 69 theme Lactobacillus 46:58 arg1 casei 60:64 Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12 46:70 Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12 46:70 Characterization of the response to low pH of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12, a mutant strain with low D-alanylation activity and sensitivity to low pH. AIMS To identify the differences that account for the acid sensitivity of Lactobacillus casei ΔRR12. 24506696 6 70 theme membrane-associated 824:842 arg1 proteins 844:851 membrane-associated proteins 824:851 membrane-associated proteins 824:851 However, significant differences in the content of FAs and membrane-associated proteins were detected. 24506696 9 71 theme low 1316:1318 arg1 alanylation 1320:1330 low alanylation 1316:1330 low alanylation of teichoic acids 1316:1348 Increased abundance of cytoplasmic proteins suggested that low alanylation of teichoic acids affected the permeability of the cell membrane and possibly accounts for the acid sensitivity of strain ΔRR12. 24506696 6 72 from differences 786:796 arg1 content 805:811 the content 801:811 the content of FAs and membrane-associated proteins 801:851 However, significant differences in the content of FAs and membrane-associated proteins were detected. 28804996 0 0 theme tissue 76:81 arg1 regeneration 83:94 bone tissue regeneration 71:94 bone tissue regeneration 71:94 In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. 28804996 7 1 theme content 1289:1295 arg1 scaffolds 1257:1265 scaffolds 1257:1265 scaffolds of increased collagen content and sufficient crosslinking 1257:1323 Enhanced proliferation was achieved within scaffolds of increased collagen content and sufficient crosslinking. 28804996 6 2 theme adhesion 1151:1158 arg1 sites 1160:1164 adhesion sites 1151:1164 adhesion sites necessary to sufficiently attach to the matrix 1151:1211 Collagen gel was incorporated into the formulation to provide cells with adhesion sites necessary to sufficiently attach to the matrix. 28804996 9 3 theme new 1687:1689 arg1 deposition 1703:1712 new bone tissue deposition 1687:1712 new bone tissue deposition 1687:1712 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 0 4 theme bone 71:74 arg1 regeneration 83:94 bone tissue regeneration 71:94 bone tissue regeneration 71:94 In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. 28804996 9 5 theme printed 1555:1561 arg1 scaffolds 1575:1583 these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds 1546:1583 these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds 1546:1583 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 8 6 theme sufficient 1407:1416 arg1 density 1425:1431 sufficient ligand density 1407:1431 sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation 1407:1537 This highlighted the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation. 28804996 7 7 theme increased 1270:1278 arg1 content 1289:1295 increased collagen content 1270:1295 increased collagen content 1270:1295 Enhanced proliferation was achieved within scaffolds of increased collagen content and sufficient crosslinking. 28804996 9 8 theme tissue 1696:1701 arg1 deposition 1703:1712 new bone tissue deposition 1687:1712 new bone tissue deposition 1687:1712 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 4 9 theme encapsulated 817:828 arg1 cells 836:840 encapsulated MC3T3 cells 817:840 encapsulated MC3T3 cells 817:840 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 9 10 theme cell 1662:1665 arg1 differentiation 1667:1681 cell differentiation 1662:1681 cell differentiation 1662:1681 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 7 11 theme collagen 1280:1287 arg1 content 1289:1295 increased collagen content 1270:1295 increased collagen content 1270:1295 Enhanced proliferation was achieved within scaffolds of increased collagen content and sufficient crosslinking. 28804996 9 12 theme cell 1613:1616 arg1 proliferation 1618:1630 cell proliferation 1613:1630 cell proliferation 1613:1630 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 8 13 theme density 1425:1431 arg1 result 1397:1402 a result 1395:1402 a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation 1395:1537 This highlighted the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation. 28804996 4 14 theme alcohol-hydroxyapatite 754:775 arg1 formulation 777:787 a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation 712:787 a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation 712:787 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 4 15 theme in 607:608 arg1 evaluation 616:625 an in vitro evaluation 604:625 an in vitro evaluation 604:625 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 4 16 theme developed 725:733 arg1 formulation 777:787 a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation 712:787 a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation 712:787 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 3 17 theme tissue 560:565 arg1 deposition 567:576 new tissue deposition 556:576 new tissue deposition 556:576 The scaffold extracellular matrix must provide the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur. 28804996 5 18 theme calcium 981:987 arg1 bath 989:992 the calcium bath 977:992 the calcium bath 977:992 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 4 19 theme three-dimensional 676:692 arg1 scaffolds 666:674 scaffolds 666:674 scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation 666:787 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 9 20 theme tri-polymer 1563:1573 arg1 scaffolds 1575:1583 these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds 1546:1583 these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds 1546:1583 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 11 21 theme Part 1765:1768 arg1 A 1770:1770 Part A 1765:1770 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3262-3272, 2017. 1746:1794 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3262-3272, 2017. 28804996 9 22 contain have 1585:1588 arg1 scaffolds 1575:1583 these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds 1546:1583 these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds 1546:1583 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 9 22 contain have 1585:1588 arg2 ability 1594:1600 the ability to support cell proliferation 1590:1630 the ability to support cell proliferation 1590:1630 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 1 23 theme natural 223:229 arg1 behaviors 245:253 natural physiological behaviors 223:253 natural physiological behaviors in culture 223:264 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 1 24 theme engineered 169:178 arg1 scaffolds 180:188 tissue engineered scaffolds 162:188 tissue engineered scaffolds 162:188 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 3 25 theme extracellular 389:401 arg1 matrix 403:408 The scaffold extracellular matrix 376:408 The scaffold extracellular matrix 376:408 The scaffold extracellular matrix must provide the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur. 28804996 5 26 from effect 1006:1011 arg1 proliferation 1016:1028 proliferation 1016:1028 proliferation 1016:1028 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 1 27 from information 132:142 arg1 ability 151:157 the ability 147:157 the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture 147:264 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 8 28 theme mechanical 1467:1476 arg1 rigidity 1478:1485 appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity 1446:1485 appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation 1446:1537 This highlighted the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation. 28804996 9 29 contain have 1636:1639 arg2 potential 1641:1649 potential 1641:1649 potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition 1641:1712 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 9 29 contain have 1636:1639 arg1 scaffolds 1575:1583 these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds 1546:1583 these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds 1546:1583 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 1 30 theme scaffolds 180:188 arg1 ability 151:157 the ability 147:157 the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture 147:264 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 0 31 theme In 0:1 arg1 evaluation 9:18 In vitro evaluation 0:18 In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network 0:55 In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. 28804996 7 32 theme Enhanced 1214:1221 arg1 proliferation 1223:1235 Enhanced proliferation 1214:1235 Enhanced proliferation 1214:1235 Enhanced proliferation was achieved within scaffolds of increased collagen content and sufficient crosslinking. 28804996 10 33 dep © 1715:1715 arg1 Inc. 1741:1744 Inc. 1741:1744 Inc. 1741:1744 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28804996 8 34 theme scaffold 1458:1465 arg1 rigidity 1478:1485 appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity 1446:1485 appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation 1446:1537 This highlighted the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation. 28804996 8 35 theme appropriate 1446:1456 arg1 rigidity 1478:1485 appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity 1446:1485 appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation 1446:1537 This highlighted the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation. 28804996 3 36 theme mechanical 443:452 arg1 cues 454:457 the biochemical and mechanical cues 423:457 the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur 423:586 The scaffold extracellular matrix must provide the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur. 28804996 5 37 theme bath 989:992 arg1 duration 965:972 duration 965:972 duration 965:972 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 5 37 theme bath 989:992 arg1 concentration 947:959 concentration 947:959 concentration 947:959 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 1 38 theme In 97:98 arg1 evaluations 106:116 In vitro evaluations 97:116 In vitro evaluations 97:116 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 3 39 theme cellular 480:487 arg1 attachment 489:498 cellular attachment 480:498 cellular attachment 480:498 The scaffold extracellular matrix must provide the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur. 28804996 3 40 theme scaffold 380:387 arg1 matrix 403:408 The scaffold extracellular matrix 376:408 The scaffold extracellular matrix 376:408 The scaffold extracellular matrix must provide the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur. 28804996 4 41 theme cells 836:840 arg1 proliferation 800:812 proliferation 800:812 proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells 800:840 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 11 42 dep 105A 1773:1776 arg1 3262-3272 1779:1787 3262-3272 1779:1787 3262-3272 1779:1787 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3262-3272, 2017. 28804996 5 43 dep concentration 947:959 arg1 the 943:945 the 943:945 the 943:945 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 4 44 theme scaffolds 666:674 arg1 ability 655:661 the ability 651:661 the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells 651:840 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 1 45 theme cell 201:204 arg1 life 206:209 cell life 201:209 cell life 201:209 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 0 46 theme bioprinted 26:35 arg1 network 49:55 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network 23:55 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network 23:55 In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. 28804996 11 47 dep Res 1761:1763 arg1 A 1770:1770 Part A 1765:1770 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3262-3272, 2017. 1746:1794 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3262-3272, 2017. 28804996 11 47 dep Res 1761:1763 arg1 105A 1773:1776 105A 1773:1776 105A 1773:1776 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3262-3272, 2017. 28804996 4 48 dep in 607:608 arg1 vitro 610:614 vitro 610:614 vitro 610:614 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 5 49 contain have 994:997 arg1 duration 965:972 duration 965:972 duration 965:972 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 5 49 contain have 994:997 arg2 effect 1006:1011 a less effect 999:1011 a less effect on proliferation 999:1028 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 5 49 contain have 994:997 arg1 concentration 947:959 concentration 947:959 concentration 947:959 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 8 50 theme synergistic 1365:1375 arg1 effect 1377:1382 the synergistic effect 1361:1382 the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation 1361:1537 This highlighted the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation. 28804996 0 51 theme 3D 23:24 arg1 network 49:55 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network 23:55 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network 23:55 In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. 28804996 3 52 theme biochemical 427:437 arg1 cues 454:457 the biochemical and mechanical cues 423:457 the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur 423:586 The scaffold extracellular matrix must provide the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur. 28804996 9 53 theme bone 1691:1694 arg1 deposition 1703:1712 new bone tissue deposition 1687:1712 new bone tissue deposition 1687:1712 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 0 54 theme network 49:55 arg1 evaluation 9:18 In vitro evaluation 0:18 In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network 0:55 In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. 28804996 7 55 theme crosslinking 1312:1323 arg1 scaffolds 1257:1265 scaffolds 1257:1265 scaffolds of increased collagen content and sufficient crosslinking 1257:1323 Enhanced proliferation was achieved within scaffolds of increased collagen content and sufficient crosslinking. 28804996 6 56 theme necessary 1166:1174 arg1 sites 1160:1164 adhesion sites 1151:1164 adhesion sites necessary to sufficiently attach to the matrix 1151:1211 Collagen gel was incorporated into the formulation to provide cells with adhesion sites necessary to sufficiently attach to the matrix. 28804996 2 57 theme tissue 352:357 arg1 healing 359:365 tissue healing 352:365 tissue healing 352:365 Such assessments are necessary to conduct before implementation of the scaffolds for tissue healing in vivo. 28804996 0 58 theme tri-polymer 37:47 arg1 network 49:55 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network 23:55 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network 23:55 In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. 28804996 1 59 from behaviors 245:253 arg1 culture 258:264 culture 258:264 culture 258:264 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 1 60 dep engineered 169:178 arg1 tissue 162:167 tissue 162:167 tissue 162:167 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 8 61 theme effect 1377:1382 arg1 importance 1347:1356 the importance 1343:1356 the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation 1343:1537 This highlighted the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation. 28804996 5 62 theme formulation 1058:1068 arg1 composition 1039:1049 the composition 1035:1049 the composition of the formulation itself 1035:1075 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 2 63 theme Such 267:270 arg1 assessments 272:282 Such assessments 267:282 Such assessments 267:282 Such assessments are necessary to conduct before implementation of the scaffolds for tissue healing in vivo. 28804996 6 64 theme Collagen 1078:1085 arg1 gel 1087:1089 Collagen gel 1078:1089 Collagen gel 1078:1089 Collagen gel was incorporated into the formulation to provide cells with adhesion sites necessary to sufficiently attach to the matrix. 28804996 1 65 theme vital 126:130 arg1 information 132:142 vital information 126:142 vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture 126:264 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 5 66 theme less 1001:1004 arg1 effect 1006:1011 a less effect 999:1011 a less effect on proliferation 999:1028 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 4 67 theme MC3T3 830:834 arg1 cells 836:840 encapsulated MC3T3 cells 817:840 encapsulated MC3T3 cells 817:840 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 4 68 theme alginate-polyvinyl 735:752 arg1 formulation 777:787 a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation 712:787 a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation 712:787 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 8 69 theme ligand 1418:1423 arg1 density 1425:1431 sufficient ligand density 1407:1431 sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation 1407:1537 This highlighted the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation. 28804996 2 70 theme scaffolds 338:346 arg1 implementation 316:329 implementation 316:329 implementation of the scaffolds for tissue healing 316:365 Such assessments are necessary to conduct before implementation of the scaffolds for tissue healing in vivo. 28804996 7 71 theme sufficient 1301:1310 arg1 crosslinking 1312:1323 sufficient crosslinking 1301:1323 sufficient crosslinking 1301:1323 Enhanced proliferation was achieved within scaffolds of increased collagen content and sufficient crosslinking. 28804996 4 72 dep three-dimensional 676:692 arg1 3D 695:696 3D 695:696 3D 695:696 In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three-dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. 28804996 5 73 theme cell 896:899 arg1 proliferation 901:913 cell proliferation 896:913 cell proliferation 896:913 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 1 74 dep In 97:98 arg1 vitro 100:104 vitro 100:104 vitro 100:104 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 3 75 theme necessary 459:467 arg1 cues 454:457 the biochemical and mechanical cues 423:457 the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur 423:586 The scaffold extracellular matrix must provide the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur. 28804996 1 76 theme physiological 231:243 arg1 behaviors 245:253 natural physiological behaviors 223:253 natural physiological behaviors in culture 223:264 In vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. 28804996 5 77 theme systematic 845:854 arg1 investigation 856:868 A systematic investigation 843:868 A systematic investigation 843:868 A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. 28804996 9 78 theme 3D 1552:1553 arg1 scaffolds 1575:1583 these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds 1546:1583 these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds 1546:1583 Thus, these 3D printed tri-polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. 28804996 0 79 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri-polymer network scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. 28804996 3 80 theme new 556:558 arg1 deposition 567:576 new tissue deposition 556:576 new tissue deposition 556:576 The scaffold extracellular matrix must provide the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur. 28804996 8 81 theme suitable 1500:1507 arg1 environment 1509:1519 a suitable environment 1498:1519 a suitable environment for proliferation 1498:1537 This highlighted the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation. 28073396 3 0 theme XMU 298:300 arg1 110T 302:305 strain XMU 110T 291:305 strain XMU 110T 291:305 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 6 1 theme morphological 888:900 arg1 characteristics 936:950 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 884:950 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type 884:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 1 theme morphological 888:900 arg1 type 973:976 phospholipid type 960:976 phospholipid type 960:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 4 2 theme strain 684:689 arg1 110T 695:698 strain XMU 110T 684:698 strain XMU 110T 684:698 The phenotypic characteristics, as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain XMU 110T and N. roseoviolaceasubsp. 28073396 3 3 theme rRNA 491:494 arg1 27297T 472:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T 424:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 424:520 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 3 theme rRNA 491:494 arg1 similarity 510:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 7 4 theme DNA 1193:1195 arg1 content 1170:1176 The G+C content 1162:1176 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1162:1195 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.2 mol%. 28073396 7 4 theme DNA 1193:1195 arg1 % 1209:1209 66.2 mol% 1201:1209 66.2 mol% 1201:1209 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.2 mol%. 28073396 10 5 theme XMU 1386:1388 arg1 strain 1376:1381 The type strain 1367:1381 The type strain 1367:1381 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 10 5 theme XMU 1386:1388 arg1 110T 1390:1393 XMU 110T 1386:1393 XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T) 1386:1423 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 10 5 theme XMU 1386:1388 arg1 39826T 1417:1422 =MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T 1396:1422 =MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T 1396:1422 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 5 6 theme phylogenetic 859:870 arg1 neighbours 872:881 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 847:881 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 847:881 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 3 7 theme gene 496:499 arg1 27297T 472:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T 424:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 424:520 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 7 theme gene 496:499 arg1 similarity 510:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 6 8 theme diamino 990:996 arg1 acid 998:1001 diagnostic diamino acid 979:1001 diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 979:1022 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 3 9 theme jabiensis 361:369 arg1 DSM 371:373 Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T 350:380 Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T 350:380 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 10 theme Nonomuraea 526:535 arg1 % 563:563 97.4 % 558:563 97.4 % 558:563 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 10 theme Nonomuraea 526:535 arg1 DSM 546:548 Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T 526:555 Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) 526:564 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 8 11 theme Nonomuraea 1327:1336 arg1 sp 1345:1346 the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp 1318:1346 the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp 1318:1346 Based on the taxonomic data, strain XMU 110Trepresents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 28073396 6 12 theme diagnostic 979:988 arg1 acid 998:1001 diagnostic diamino acid 979:1001 diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 979:1022 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 7 13 theme genomic 1185:1191 arg1 DNA 1193:1195 the genomic DNA 1181:1195 the genomic DNA 1181:1195 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.2 mol%. 28073396 8 14 theme Nonomuraea 1296:1305 arg1 species 1275:1281 a novel species 1267:1281 a novel species 1267:1281 Based on the taxonomic data, strain XMU 110Trepresents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 28073396 3 15 theme salmonea 537:544 arg1 % 563:563 97.4 % 558:563 97.4 % 558:563 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 15 theme salmonea 537:544 arg1 DSM 546:548 Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T 526:555 Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) 526:564 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 16 theme highest 318:324 arg1 similarity 326:335 the highest similarity 314:335 the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T 314:380 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 6 17 theme XMU 1128:1130 arg1 110T 1132:1135 strain XMU 110T 1121:1135 strain XMU 110T 1121:1135 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 10 18 theme KCTC 1412:1415 arg1 39826T 1417:1422 =MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T 1396:1422 =MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T 1396:1422 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 10 18 theme KCTC 1412:1415 arg1 110T 1390:1393 XMU 110T 1386:1393 XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T) 1386:1423 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 4 19 theme phenotypic 606:615 arg1 characteristics 617:631 The phenotypic characteristics 602:631 The phenotypic characteristics 602:631 The phenotypic characteristics, as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain XMU 110T and N. roseoviolaceasubsp. 28073396 1 20 theme Ceiba 61:65 arg1 rhizosphere 76:86 Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere 61:86 Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere 61:86 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere. 28073396 3 21 theme closest 401:407 arg1 relatives 409:417 the closest relatives 397:417 the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis 397:599 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 5 22 theme ATCC 741:744 arg1 27297T 746:751 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T 727:751 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) 727:766 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 5 22 theme ATCC 741:744 arg1 % 765:765 48.07±1.99 % 754:765 48.07±1.99 % 754:765 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 2 23 theme rhizosphere 124:134 arg1 speciosa 168:175 Ceiba speciosa 162:175 Ceiba speciosa 162:175 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 2 23 theme rhizosphere 124:134 arg1 soil 136:139 the rhizosphere soil 120:139 the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree 120:159 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 5 24 theme DSM 784:786 arg1 43678T 788:793 N. salmonea DSM 43678T 772:793 N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %) 772:808 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 5 24 theme DSM 784:786 arg1 % 807:807 40.55±8.30 % 796:807 40.55±8.30 % 796:807 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 10 25 theme type 1371:1374 arg1 strain 1376:1381 The type strain 1367:1381 The type strain 1367:1381 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 10 25 theme type 1371:1374 arg1 110T 1390:1393 XMU 110T 1386:1393 XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T) 1386:1423 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 1 26 theme speciosa 67:74 arg1 rhizosphere 76:86 Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere 61:86 Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere 61:86 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere. 28073396 5 27 theme roseoviolacea 727:739 arg1 27297T 746:751 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T 727:751 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) 727:766 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 5 27 theme roseoviolacea 727:739 arg1 % 765:765 48.07±1.99 % 754:765 48.07±1.99 % 754:765 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 0 28 theme ceibae 11:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Nonomuraea ceibae sp 0:19 Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 0:20 Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 28073396 10 29 theme =MCCC 1396:1400 arg1 39826T 1417:1422 =MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T 1396:1422 =MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T 1396:1422 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 10 29 theme =MCCC 1396:1400 arg1 110T 1390:1393 XMU 110T 1386:1393 XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T) 1386:1423 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 6 30 theme genus 1144:1148 arg1 Nonomuraea 1150:1159 the genus Nonomuraea 1140:1159 the genus Nonomuraea 1140:1159 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 3 31 theme sequence 501:508 arg1 27297T 472:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T 424:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 424:520 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 31 theme sequence 501:508 arg1 similarity 510:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 4 32 theme DNA-DNA 649:655 arg1 values 669:674 the DNA-DNA relatedness values 645:674 the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain XMU 110T and N. roseoviolaceasubsp 645:724 The phenotypic characteristics, as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain XMU 110T and N. roseoviolaceasubsp. 28073396 0 33 theme Nonomuraea 0:9 arg1 sp 18:19 Nonomuraea ceibae sp 0:19 Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 0:20 Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 28073396 3 34 theme Phylogenetic 220:231 arg1 analysis 233:240 Phylogenetic analysis 220:240 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons 220:275 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 5 35 theme closest 851:857 arg1 neighbours 872:881 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 847:881 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 847:881 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 8 36 theme taxonomic 1225:1233 arg1 data 1235:1238 the taxonomic data 1221:1238 the taxonomic data 1221:1238 Based on the taxonomic data, strain XMU 110Trepresents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 28073396 3 37 theme % 345:345 arg1 similarity 326:335 the highest similarity 314:335 the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T 314:380 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 1 38 attach isolated 47:54 arg2 actinobacterium 31:45 an actinobacterium 28:45 an actinobacterium isolated from Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere 28:86 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere. 28073396 1 38 attach isolated 47:54 arg1 rhizosphere 76:86 Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere 61:86 Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere 61:86 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere. 28073396 3 39 theme rRNA 255:258 arg1 comparisons 265:275 16S rRNA gene comparisons 251:275 16S rRNA gene comparisons 251:275 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 8 40 theme ceibae 1338:1343 arg1 sp 1345:1346 the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp 1318:1346 the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp 1318:1346 Based on the taxonomic data, strain XMU 110Trepresents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 28073396 6 41 theme major 1067:1071 arg1 acids 1079:1083 major fatty acids 1067:1083 major fatty acids 1067:1083 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 41 theme major 1067:1071 arg1 type 973:976 phospholipid type 960:976 phospholipid type 960:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 3 42 theme ATCC 467:470 arg1 similarity 510:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 42 theme ATCC 467:470 arg1 27297T 472:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T 424:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 424:520 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 8 43 theme name 1322:1325 arg1 sp 1345:1346 the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp 1318:1346 the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp 1318:1346 Based on the taxonomic data, strain XMU 110Trepresents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 28073396 3 44 theme gene 260:263 arg1 comparisons 265:275 16S rRNA gene comparisons 251:275 16S rRNA gene comparisons 251:275 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 6 45 theme 110T 1132:1135 arg1 assignment 1107:1116 the assignment 1103:1116 the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea 1103:1159 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 1 46 dep actinobacterium 31:45 arg1 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere. 28073396 4 47 theme XMU 691:693 arg1 110T 695:698 strain XMU 110T 684:698 strain XMU 110T 684:698 The phenotypic characteristics, as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain XMU 110T and N. roseoviolaceasubsp. 28073396 2 48 theme tree 156:159 arg1 speciosa 168:175 Ceiba speciosa 162:175 Ceiba speciosa 162:175 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 2 48 theme tree 156:159 arg1 soil 136:139 the rhizosphere soil 120:139 the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree 120:159 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 8 49 theme novel 1269:1273 arg1 species 1275:1281 a novel species 1267:1281 a novel species 1267:1281 Based on the taxonomic data, strain XMU 110Trepresents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 28073396 8 50 theme strain 1241:1246 arg1 XMU 1248:1250 strain XMU 1241:1250 strain XMU 1241:1250 Based on the taxonomic data, strain XMU 110Trepresents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 28073396 6 51 theme fatty 1073:1077 arg1 acids 1079:1083 major fatty acids 1067:1083 major fatty acids 1067:1083 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 51 theme fatty 1073:1077 arg1 type 973:976 phospholipid type 960:976 phospholipid type 960:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 2 52 theme XMU 96:98 arg1 110T 100:103 Strain XMU 110T 89:103 Strain XMU 110T 89:103 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 3 53 theme 16S 251:253 arg1 comparisons 265:275 16S rRNA gene comparisons 251:275 16S rRNA gene comparisons 251:275 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 2 54 theme flowering 146:154 arg1 tree 156:159 a flowering tree 144:159 a flowering tree 144:159 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 2 55 theme polyphasic 199:208 arg1 taxonomy 210:217 polyphasic taxonomy 199:217 polyphasic taxonomy 199:217 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 3 56 theme Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea 424:465 arg1 similarity 510:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 56 theme Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea 424:465 arg1 27297T 472:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T 424:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 424:520 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 5 57 theme N. 772:773 arg1 43678T 788:793 N. salmonea DSM 43678T 772:793 N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %) 772:808 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 5 57 theme N. 772:773 arg1 % 807:807 40.55±8.30 % 796:807 40.55±8.30 % 796:807 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 2 58 theme Strain 89:94 arg1 110T 100:103 Strain XMU 110T 89:103 Strain XMU 110T 89:103 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 6 59 theme whole-cell 1025:1034 arg1 sugars 1036:1041 whole-cell sugars 1025:1041 whole-cell sugars 1025:1041 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 59 theme whole-cell 1025:1034 arg1 type 973:976 phospholipid type 960:976 phospholipid type 960:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 60 theme phospholipid 960:971 arg1 type 973:976 phospholipid type 960:976 phospholipid type 960:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 61 theme strain 1121:1126 arg1 110T 1132:1135 strain XMU 110T 1121:1135 strain XMU 110T 1121:1135 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 3 62 theme % 485:485 arg1 27297T 472:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T 424:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 424:520 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 62 theme % 485:485 arg1 similarity 510:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 5 63 theme salmonea 775:782 arg1 43678T 788:793 N. salmonea DSM 43678T 772:793 N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %) 772:808 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 5 63 theme salmonea 775:782 arg1 % 807:807 40.55±8.30 % 796:807 40.55±8.30 % 796:807 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 3 64 theme strain 291:296 arg1 110T 302:305 strain XMU 110T 291:305 strain XMU 110T 291:305 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 10 65 theme 1K03213T= 1402:1410 arg1 39826T 1417:1422 =MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T 1396:1422 =MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T 1396:1422 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 10 65 theme 1K03213T= 1402:1410 arg1 110T 1390:1393 XMU 110T 1386:1393 XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T) 1386:1423 The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T). 28073396 3 66 theme 16S 487:489 arg1 27297T 472:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T 424:477 Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 424:520 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 3 66 theme 16S 487:489 arg1 similarity 510:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 480:519 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 6 67 theme physiological 903:915 arg1 characteristics 936:950 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 884:950 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type 884:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 67 theme physiological 903:915 arg1 type 973:976 phospholipid type 960:976 phospholipid type 960:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 5 68 from neighbours 872:881 arg1 strain 835:840 the novel strain 825:840 the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours 825:881 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 4 69 theme N. 704:705 arg1 roseoviolaceasubsp 707:724 N. roseoviolaceasubsp 704:724 N. roseoviolaceasubsp 704:724 The phenotypic characteristics, as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain XMU 110T and N. roseoviolaceasubsp. 28073396 4 70 theme relatedness 657:667 arg1 values 669:674 the DNA-DNA relatedness values 645:674 the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain XMU 110T and N. roseoviolaceasubsp 645:724 The phenotypic characteristics, as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain XMU 110T and N. roseoviolaceasubsp. 28073396 8 71 theme genus 1290:1294 arg1 Nonomuraea 1296:1305 the genus Nonomuraea 1286:1305 the genus Nonomuraea 1286:1305 Based on the taxonomic data, strain XMU 110Trepresents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp. 28073396 6 72 theme peptidoglycan 1010:1022 arg1 acid 998:1001 diagnostic diamino acid 979:1001 diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 979:1022 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 72 theme peptidoglycan 1010:1022 arg1 sugars 1036:1041 whole-cell sugars 1025:1041 whole-cell sugars 1025:1041 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 72 theme peptidoglycan 1010:1022 arg1 acids 1079:1083 major fatty acids 1067:1083 major fatty acids 1067:1083 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 72 theme peptidoglycan 1010:1022 arg1 type 973:976 phospholipid type 960:976 phospholipid type 960:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 72 theme peptidoglycan 1010:1022 arg1 menaquinones 1050:1061 major menaquinones 1044:1061 major menaquinones 1044:1061 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 72 theme peptidoglycan 1010:1022 arg1 characteristics 936:950 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 884:950 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type 884:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 7 73 theme 66.2 mol 1201:1208 arg1 content 1170:1176 The G+C content 1162:1176 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1162:1195 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.2 mol%. 28073396 7 73 theme 66.2 mol 1201:1208 arg1 % 1209:1209 66.2 mol% 1201:1209 66.2 mol% 1201:1209 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.2 mol%. 28073396 2 74 theme Ceiba 162:166 arg1 speciosa 168:175 Ceiba speciosa 162:175 Ceiba speciosa 162:175 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 2 74 theme Ceiba 162:166 arg1 soil 136:139 the rhizosphere soil 120:139 the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree 120:159 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 3 75 theme neighbour-joining 574:590 arg1 analysis 592:599 a neighbour-joining analysis 572:599 a neighbour-joining analysis 572:599 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 6 76 theme major 1044:1048 arg1 menaquinones 1050:1061 major menaquinones 1044:1061 major menaquinones 1044:1061 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 76 theme major 1044:1048 arg1 type 973:976 phospholipid type 960:976 phospholipid type 960:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 2 77 attach isolated 106:113 arg2 110T 100:103 Strain XMU 110T 89:103 Strain XMU 110T 89:103 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 2 77 attach isolated 106:113 arg1 soil 136:139 the rhizosphere soil 120:139 the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree 120:159 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 2 77 attach isolated 106:113 arg1 speciosa 168:175 Ceiba speciosa 162:175 Ceiba speciosa 162:175 Strain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28073396 5 78 theme novel 829:833 arg1 strain 835:840 the novel strain 825:840 the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours 825:881 roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 28073396 3 79 theme Nonomuraea 350:359 arg1 DSM 371:373 Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T 350:380 Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T 350:380 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraearoseoviolaceasubsp.roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. 28073396 7 80 theme G+C 1166:1168 arg1 content 1170:1176 The G+C content 1162:1176 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1162:1195 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.2 mol%. 28073396 7 80 theme G+C 1166:1168 arg1 % 1209:1209 66.2 mol% 1201:1209 66.2 mol% 1201:1209 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.2 mol%. 28073396 6 81 theme chemotaxonomic 921:934 arg1 characteristics 936:950 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 884:950 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type 884:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 28073396 6 81 theme chemotaxonomic 921:934 arg1 type 973:976 phospholipid type 960:976 phospholipid type 960:976 The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea. 27498827 5 0 theme DNA-DNA 771:777 arg1 hybridization 779:791 DNA-DNA hybridization 771:791 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain RZ63T and its closest relative 771:837 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain RZ63T and its closest relative was below 70 %, supporting the hypothesis that it represented a distinct genomic species. 27498827 4 1 theme multilocus 526:535 arg1 analysis 546:553 multilocus sequence analysis 526:553 multilocus sequence analysis 526:553 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 6 2 theme G+C 988:990 arg1 contents 992:999 their DNA G+C contents 978:999 their DNA G+C contents 978:999 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 9 3 theme strain 1576:1581 arg1 8355T 1605:1609 type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T 1571:1609 type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T 1571:1609 nov. is proposed (type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T). 27498827 3 4 theme Molecular 328:336 arg1 typing 338:343 Molecular typing 328:343 Molecular typing using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 328:421 Molecular typing using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting showed the strains to be highly similar. 27498827 8 5 theme Microbacterium 1517:1530 arg1 sp 1549:1550 the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp 1508:1550 the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp 1508:1550 Based on the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation it is proposed that the strains studied represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 5 6 theme distinct 903:910 arg1 species 920:926 a distinct genomic species 901:926 a distinct genomic species 901:926 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain RZ63T and its closest relative was below 70 %, supporting the hypothesis that it represented a distinct genomic species. 27498827 3 7 theme intergenic 378:387 arg1 fingerprinting 408:421 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 351:421 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 351:421 Molecular typing using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting showed the strains to be highly similar. 27498827 1 8 theme Halimione 56:64 arg1 portulacoides 66:78 Halimione portulacoides 56:78 Halimione portulacoides 56:78 nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium. 27498827 4 9 dep Microbacterium 701:714 arg1 lacus 716:720 lacus 716:720 lacus 716:720 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 2 10 attach isolated 222:229 arg1 roots 236:240 roots 236:240 roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal 236:325 Three actinobacterial strains were isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. 27498827 2 10 attach isolated 222:229 arg2 strains 209:215 Three actinobacterial strains 187:215 Three actinobacterial strains 187:215 Three actinobacterial strains were isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. 27498827 3 11 theme consensus 389:397 arg1 fingerprinting 408:421 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 351:421 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 351:421 Molecular typing using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting showed the strains to be highly similar. 27498827 4 12 theme gene 508:511 arg1 sequence 513:520 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 495:520 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 495:520 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 4 12 theme gene 508:511 arg1 MLSA 556:559 MLSA 556:559 MLSA 556:559 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 8 13 theme genetic 1360:1366 arg1 characterisation 1387:1402 the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation 1341:1402 the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation 1341:1402 Based on the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation it is proposed that the strains studied represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 6 14 theme diaminobutyric 1104:1117 arg1 acid 1119:1122 diaminobutyric acid 1104:1122 diaminobutyric acid 1104:1122 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 6 14 theme diaminobutyric 1104:1117 arg1 acid 1150:1153 the diagnostic diamino acid 1127:1153 the diagnostic diamino acid 1127:1153 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 1 15 attach isolated 42:49 arg2 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium. 27498827 1 15 attach isolated 42:49 arg1 portulacoides 66:78 Halimione portulacoides 56:78 Halimione portulacoides 56:78 nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium. 27498827 3 16 theme enterobacterial 351:365 arg1 fingerprinting 408:421 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 351:421 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 351:421 Molecular typing using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting showed the strains to be highly similar. 27498827 4 17 theme rRNA 503:506 arg1 sequence 513:520 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 495:520 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 495:520 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 4 17 theme rRNA 503:506 arg1 MLSA 556:559 MLSA 556:559 MLSA 556:559 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 6 18 theme genus 1036:1040 arg1 Microbacterium 1042:1055 the genus Microbacterium 1032:1055 the genus Microbacterium 1032:1055 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 6 19 theme RZ63T 1088:1092 arg1 peptidoglycan 1071:1083 the peptidoglycan 1067:1083 the peptidoglycan of RZ63T 1067:1092 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 3 20 theme repetitive 367:376 arg1 fingerprinting 408:421 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 351:421 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 351:421 Molecular typing using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting showed the strains to be highly similar. 27498827 6 21 theme diagnostic 1131:1140 arg1 acid 1119:1122 diaminobutyric acid 1104:1122 diaminobutyric acid 1104:1122 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 6 21 theme diagnostic 1131:1140 arg1 acid 1150:1153 the diagnostic diamino acid 1127:1153 the diagnostic diamino acid 1127:1153 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 2 22 theme portulacoides 276:288 arg1 roots 236:240 roots 236:240 roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal 236:325 Three actinobacterial strains were isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. 27498827 1 23 theme genus 165:169 arg1 Microbacterium 171:184 the genus Microbacterium 161:184 the genus Microbacterium 161:184 nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium. 27498827 0 24 theme diaminobutyricum 15:30 arg1 sp 32:33 Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp 0:33 Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 0:34 Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 6 25 theme strains 966:972 arg1 analyses 944:951 Chemotaxonomic analyses 929:951 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents 929:999 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 8 26 dep Microbacterium 1517:1530 arg1 diaminobutyricum 1532:1547 diaminobutyricum 1532:1547 diaminobutyricum 1532:1547 Based on the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation it is proposed that the strains studied represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 7 27 theme fatty 1187:1191 arg1 analyses 1198:1205 physiological and fatty acid analyses 1169:1205 physiological and fatty acid analyses 1169:1205 In addition, physiological and fatty acid analyses revealed differences between these strains and their phylogenetic relatives, reinforcing their status as a distinct species. 27498827 1 28 theme Microbacterium 171:184 arg1 description 146:156 description 146:156 description of the genus Microbacterium 146:184 nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium. 27498827 0 29 theme Microbacterium 0:13 arg1 sp 32:33 Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp 0:33 Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 0:34 Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 6 30 theme DNA 984:986 arg1 contents 992:999 their DNA G+C contents 978:999 their DNA G+C contents 978:999 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 8 31 theme name 1512:1515 arg1 sp 1549:1550 the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp 1508:1550 the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp 1508:1550 Based on the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation it is proposed that the strains studied represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 1 32 theme diaminobutyric 96:109 arg1 acid 111:114 diaminobutyric acid 96:114 diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall 96:131 nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium. 27498827 7 33 theme phylogenetic 1260:1271 arg1 relatives 1273:1281 their phylogenetic relatives 1254:1281 their phylogenetic relatives 1254:1281 In addition, physiological and fatty acid analyses revealed differences between these strains and their phylogenetic relatives, reinforcing their status as a distinct species. 27498827 3 34 theme ERIC-PCR 399:406 arg1 fingerprinting 408:421 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 351:421 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting 351:421 Molecular typing using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting showed the strains to be highly similar. 27498827 4 35 dep sequence 513:520 arg1 sequences 612:620 sequences 612:620 sequences 612:620 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 4 36 theme phylogenetic 748:759 arg1 relative 761:768 the closest phylogenetic relative 736:768 the closest phylogenetic relative 736:768 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 9 37 theme 27101T=CECT 1593:1603 arg1 8355T 1605:1609 type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T 1571:1609 type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T 1571:1609 nov. is proposed (type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T). 27498827 8 38 theme genus 1477:1481 arg1 Microbacterium 1483:1496 the genus Microbacterium 1473:1496 the genus Microbacterium 1473:1496 Based on the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation it is proposed that the strains studied represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 4 39 theme closest 740:746 arg1 relative 761:768 the closest phylogenetic relative 736:768 the closest phylogenetic relative 736:768 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 9 40 theme type 1571:1574 arg1 8355T 1605:1609 type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T 1571:1609 type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T 1571:1609 nov. is proposed (type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T). 27498827 4 41 theme Microbacterium 701:714 arg1 18910T 726:731 Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T 701:731 Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative 701:768 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 9 42 dep proposed 1561:1568 arg1 8355T 1605:1609 type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T 1571:1609 type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T 1571:1609 nov. is proposed (type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T). 27498827 6 43 theme diamino 1142:1148 arg1 acid 1119:1122 diaminobutyric acid 1104:1122 diaminobutyric acid 1104:1122 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 6 43 theme diamino 1142:1148 arg1 acid 1150:1153 the diagnostic diamino acid 1127:1153 the diagnostic diamino acid 1127:1153 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 7 44 theme distinct 1314:1321 arg1 status 1302:1307 their status 1296:1307 their status 1296:1307 In addition, physiological and fatty acid analyses revealed differences between these strains and their phylogenetic relatives, reinforcing their status as a distinct species. 27498827 7 44 theme distinct 1314:1321 arg1 species 1323:1329 a distinct species 1312:1329 a distinct species 1312:1329 In addition, physiological and fatty acid analyses revealed differences between these strains and their phylogenetic relatives, reinforcing their status as a distinct species. 27498827 5 45 theme strain 801:806 arg1 RZ63T 808:812 strain RZ63T 801:812 strain RZ63T 801:812 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain RZ63T and its closest relative was below 70 %, supporting the hypothesis that it represented a distinct genomic species. 27498827 6 46 theme novel 960:964 arg1 strains 966:972 the novel strains 956:972 the novel strains 956:972 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 4 47 theme 16S 499:501 arg1 rRNA 503:506 the 16S rRNA 495:506 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 495:520 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 7 48 theme physiological 1169:1181 arg1 analyses 1198:1205 physiological and fatty acid analyses 1169:1205 physiological and fatty acid analyses 1169:1205 In addition, physiological and fatty acid analyses revealed differences between these strains and their phylogenetic relatives, reinforcing their status as a distinct species. 27498827 8 49 theme physiological 1345:1357 arg1 characterisation 1387:1402 the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation 1341:1402 the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation 1341:1402 Based on the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation it is proposed that the strains studied represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 8 50 theme Microbacterium 1483:1496 arg1 species 1462:1468 a novel species 1454:1468 a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp 1454:1550 Based on the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation it is proposed that the strains studied represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 5 51 theme genomic 912:918 arg1 species 920:926 a distinct genomic species 901:926 a distinct genomic species 901:926 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain RZ63T and its closest relative was below 70 %, supporting the hypothesis that it represented a distinct genomic species. 27498827 6 52 theme Chemotaxonomic 929:942 arg1 analyses 944:951 Chemotaxonomic analyses 929:951 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents 929:999 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 6 53 contain contained 1094:1102 arg2 acid 1150:1153 the diagnostic diamino acid 1127:1153 the diagnostic diamino acid 1127:1153 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 6 53 contain contained 1094:1102 arg1 peptidoglycan 1071:1083 the peptidoglycan 1067:1083 the peptidoglycan of RZ63T 1067:1092 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 6 53 contain contained 1094:1102 arg2 acid 1119:1122 diaminobutyric acid 1104:1122 diaminobutyric acid 1104:1122 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 1 54 theme cell 123:126 arg1 wall 128:131 its cell wall 119:131 its cell wall 119:131 nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium. 27498827 1 55 from acid 111:114 arg1 wall 128:131 its cell wall 119:131 its cell wall 119:131 nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium. 27498827 1 56 contain contains 87:94 arg2 acid 111:114 diaminobutyric acid 96:114 diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall 96:131 nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium. 27498827 1 56 contain contains 87:94 arg1 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium. 27498827 8 57 theme novel 1456:1460 arg1 species 1462:1468 a novel species 1454:1468 a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp 1454:1550 Based on the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation it is proposed that the strains studied represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 2 58 theme Halimione 266:274 arg1 portulacoides 276:288 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 245:288 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria 245:305 Three actinobacterial strains were isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. 27498827 2 59 dep Portugal 318:325 arg1 de 307:308 de 307:308 de 307:308 Three actinobacterial strains were isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. 27498827 6 60 theme contents 992:999 arg1 analyses 944:951 Chemotaxonomic analyses 929:951 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents 929:999 Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium, however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27498827 8 61 theme chemotaxonomic 1372:1385 arg1 characterisation 1387:1402 the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation 1341:1402 the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation 1341:1402 Based on the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation it is proposed that the strains studied represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. 27498827 2 62 theme actinobacterial 193:207 arg1 strains 209:215 Three actinobacterial strains 187:215 Three actinobacterial strains 187:215 Three actinobacterial strains were isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. 27498827 2 63 theme plant 260:264 arg1 portulacoides 276:288 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 245:288 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria 245:305 Three actinobacterial strains were isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. 27498827 4 64 theme DSM 722:724 arg1 18910T 726:731 Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T 701:731 Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative 701:768 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 4 65 theme rRNA 601:604 arg1 genes 606:610 16S rRNA genes 597:610 16S rRNA genes 597:610 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 4 66 theme Phylogenetic 464:475 arg1 analyses 477:484 Phylogenetic analyses 464:484 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences 464:620 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 2 67 theme salt-marsh 249:258 arg1 portulacoides 276:288 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 245:288 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria 245:305 Three actinobacterial strains were isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. 27498827 4 68 theme Microbacterium 680:693 arg1 member 660:665 a member 658:665 a member of the genus Microbacterium 658:693 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 9 69 theme RZ63T=DSM 1583:1591 arg1 8355T 1605:1609 type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T 1571:1609 type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T 1571:1609 nov. is proposed (type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T). 27498827 4 70 theme 16S 597:599 arg1 genes 606:610 16S rRNA genes 597:610 16S rRNA genes 597:610 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 4 71 theme sequence 537:544 arg1 analysis 546:553 multilocus sequence analysis 526:553 multilocus sequence analysis 526:553 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 4 72 theme genus 674:678 arg1 Microbacterium 680:693 the genus Microbacterium 670:693 the genus Microbacterium 670:693 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium, with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. 27498827 7 73 theme acid 1193:1196 arg1 analyses 1198:1205 physiological and fatty acid analyses 1169:1205 physiological and fatty acid analyses 1169:1205 In addition, physiological and fatty acid analyses revealed differences between these strains and their phylogenetic relatives, reinforcing their status as a distinct species. 27498827 5 74 theme closest 822:828 arg1 relative 830:837 its closest relative 818:837 its closest relative 818:837 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain RZ63T and its closest relative was below 70 %, supporting the hypothesis that it represented a distinct genomic species. 26572411 0 0 theme tissue 92:97 arg1 regeneration 99:110 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 73:110 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 73:110 Chitosan-based hydrogel implants enriched with calcium ions intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration. 26572411 7 1 dep in 817:818 arg1 vitro 820:824 vitro 820:824 vitro 820:824 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays showed biocompatibility of manufactured implants, therefore, animal experimentations may be considered. 26572411 7 1 dep in 817:818 arg1 pro-inflammatory 840:855 pro-inflammatory 840:855 pro-inflammatory 840:855 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays showed biocompatibility of manufactured implants, therefore, animal experimentations may be considered. 26572411 7 1 dep in 817:818 arg1 cytotoxic 826:834 cytotoxic 826:834 cytotoxic 826:834 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays showed biocompatibility of manufactured implants, therefore, animal experimentations may be considered. 26572411 5 2 theme implant 649:655 arg1 properties 622:631 chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties 579:631 chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant 579:655 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant was evaluated. 26572411 6 3 theme solution 721:728 arg1 composition 730:740 the initial solution composition 709:740 the initial solution composition 709:740 The study showed great dependence of the initial solution composition mainly on the physicochemical properties of the resulting structure. 26572411 1 4 theme implants 169:176 arg1 fabrication 130:140 fabrication 130:140 fabrication of chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 130:228 A new method for fabrication of chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration was developed. 26572411 7 5 theme animal 925:930 arg1 experimentations 932:947 animal experimentations 925:947 animal experimentations 925:947 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays showed biocompatibility of manufactured implants, therefore, animal experimentations may be considered. 26572411 0 6 theme nervous 84:90 arg1 regeneration 99:110 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 73:110 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 73:110 Chitosan-based hydrogel implants enriched with calcium ions intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration. 26572411 3 7 theme implant 398:404 arg1 strength 382:389 the mechanical strength 367:389 the mechanical strength of the implant 367:404 In order to increase the mechanical strength of the implant, the solution was enriched with hydroxyapatite. 26572411 3 8 theme mechanical 371:380 arg1 strength 382:389 the mechanical strength 367:389 the mechanical strength of the implant 367:404 In order to increase the mechanical strength of the implant, the solution was enriched with hydroxyapatite. 26572411 6 9 theme structure 800:808 arg1 properties 772:781 the physicochemical properties 752:781 the physicochemical properties of the resulting structure 752:808 The study showed great dependence of the initial solution composition mainly on the physicochemical properties of the resulting structure. 26572411 2 10 theme chitosan 319:326 arg1 solution 307:314 a solution 305:314 a solution of chitosan and organic acid 305:343 The method is based on an electrodeposition phenomenon from a solution of chitosan and organic acid. 26572411 4 11 theme calcium 491:497 arg1 ions 499:502 calcium ions 491:502 calcium ions 491:502 Hydroxyapatite served as a source of calcium ions too. 26572411 6 12 theme initial 713:719 arg1 composition 730:740 the initial solution composition 709:740 the initial solution composition 709:740 The study showed great dependence of the initial solution composition mainly on the physicochemical properties of the resulting structure. 26572411 7 13 theme manufactured 891:902 arg1 implants 904:911 manufactured implants 891:911 manufactured implants 891:911 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays showed biocompatibility of manufactured implants, therefore, animal experimentations may be considered. 26572411 5 14 theme biological 611:620 arg1 properties 622:631 chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties 579:631 chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant 579:655 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant was evaluated. 26572411 7 15 theme implants 904:911 arg1 biocompatibility 871:886 biocompatibility 871:886 biocompatibility 871:886 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays showed biocompatibility of manufactured implants, therefore, animal experimentations may be considered. 26572411 1 16 theme peripheral 191:200 arg1 regeneration 217:228 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 191:228 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 191:228 A new method for fabrication of chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration was developed. 26572411 0 17 theme hydrogel 15:22 arg1 implants 24:31 Chitosan-based hydrogel implants 0:31 Chitosan-based hydrogel implants 0:31 Chitosan-based hydrogel implants enriched with calcium ions intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration. 26572411 4 18 theme ions 499:502 arg1 Hydroxyapatite 454:467 Hydroxyapatite 454:467 Hydroxyapatite 454:467 Hydroxyapatite served as a source of calcium ions too. 26572411 4 18 theme ions 499:502 arg1 source 481:486 a source 479:486 a source of calcium ions 479:502 Hydroxyapatite served as a source of calcium ions too. 26572411 5 19 theme chemical 579:586 arg1 properties 622:631 chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties 579:631 chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant 579:655 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant was evaluated. 26572411 2 20 theme acid 340:343 arg1 solution 307:314 a solution 305:314 a solution of chitosan and organic acid 305:343 The method is based on an electrodeposition phenomenon from a solution of chitosan and organic acid. 26572411 1 21 theme nervous 202:208 arg1 regeneration 217:228 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 191:228 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 191:228 A new method for fabrication of chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration was developed. 26572411 0 22 theme Chitosan-based 0:13 arg1 implants 24:31 Chitosan-based hydrogel implants 0:31 Chitosan-based hydrogel implants 0:31 Chitosan-based hydrogel implants enriched with calcium ions intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration. 26572411 5 23 theme obtained 640:647 arg1 implant 649:655 the obtained implant 636:655 the obtained implant 636:655 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant was evaluated. 26572411 6 24 theme resulting 790:798 arg1 structure 800:808 the resulting structure 786:808 the resulting structure 786:808 The study showed great dependence of the initial solution composition mainly on the physicochemical properties of the resulting structure. 26572411 2 25 theme organic 332:338 arg1 acid 340:343 organic acid 332:343 organic acid 332:343 The method is based on an electrodeposition phenomenon from a solution of chitosan and organic acid. 26572411 6 26 theme great 689:693 arg1 dependence 695:704 great dependence 689:704 great dependence of the initial solution composition 689:740 The study showed great dependence of the initial solution composition mainly on the physicochemical properties of the resulting structure. 26572411 1 27 theme tissue 210:215 arg1 regeneration 217:228 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 191:228 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 191:228 A new method for fabrication of chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration was developed. 26572411 7 28 dep biocompatibility 871:886 arg1 considered 956:965 considered 956:965 may be considered 949:965 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays showed biocompatibility of manufactured implants, therefore, animal experimentations may be considered. 26572411 7 29 theme Basic 811:815 arg1 assays 857:862 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays 811:862 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays 811:862 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays showed biocompatibility of manufactured implants, therefore, animal experimentations may be considered. 26572411 1 30 theme new 115:117 arg1 method 119:124 A new method 113:124 A new method for fabrication of chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 113:228 A new method for fabrication of chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration was developed. 26572411 0 31 theme calcium 47:53 arg1 ions 55:58 calcium ions 47:58 calcium ions intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 47:110 Chitosan-based hydrogel implants enriched with calcium ions intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration. 26572411 7 32 theme in 817:818 arg1 assays 857:862 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays 811:862 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays 811:862 Basic in vitro cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory assays showed biocompatibility of manufactured implants, therefore, animal experimentations may be considered. 26572411 5 33 theme polymer 551:557 arg1 concentration 530:542 the concentration 526:542 the concentration of the polymer 526:557 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant was evaluated. 26572411 6 34 theme physicochemical 756:770 arg1 properties 772:781 the physicochemical properties 752:781 the physicochemical properties of the resulting structure 752:808 The study showed great dependence of the initial solution composition mainly on the physicochemical properties of the resulting structure. 26572411 5 35 from influence 513:521 arg1 properties 622:631 chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties 579:631 chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant 579:655 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant was evaluated. 26572411 5 36 theme additive 567:574 arg1 influence 513:521 The influence 509:521 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant 509:655 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant was evaluated. 26572411 2 37 theme electrodeposition 271:287 arg1 phenomenon 289:298 an electrodeposition phenomenon 268:298 an electrodeposition phenomenon from a solution of chitosan and organic acid 268:343 The method is based on an electrodeposition phenomenon from a solution of chitosan and organic acid. 26572411 0 38 theme peripheral 73:82 arg1 regeneration 99:110 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 73:110 peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 73:110 Chitosan-based hydrogel implants enriched with calcium ions intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration. 26572411 5 39 dep chemical 579:586 arg1 mechanical 589:598 mechanical 589:598 mechanical 589:598 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant was evaluated. 26572411 5 40 theme concentration 530:542 arg1 influence 513:521 The influence 509:521 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant 509:655 The influence of the concentration of the polymer and the additive on chemical, mechanical as well as biological properties of the obtained implant was evaluated. 26572411 1 41 theme chitosan-based 145:158 arg1 implants 169:176 chitosan-based hydrogel implants 145:176 chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 145:228 A new method for fabrication of chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration was developed. 26572411 2 42 from solution 307:314 arg1 phenomenon 289:298 an electrodeposition phenomenon 268:298 an electrodeposition phenomenon from a solution of chitosan and organic acid 268:343 The method is based on an electrodeposition phenomenon from a solution of chitosan and organic acid. 26572411 6 43 theme composition 730:740 arg1 dependence 695:704 great dependence 689:704 great dependence of the initial solution composition 689:740 The study showed great dependence of the initial solution composition mainly on the physicochemical properties of the resulting structure. 26572411 1 44 theme hydrogel 160:167 arg1 implants 169:176 chitosan-based hydrogel implants 145:176 chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration 145:228 A new method for fabrication of chitosan-based hydrogel implants intended for peripheral nervous tissue regeneration was developed. 27213758 3 0 theme isolates 466:473 arg1 growth 444:449 radial growth 437:449 radial growth of Trichoderma isolates 437:473 Chitosan reduces radial growth of Trichoderma isolates in concentration-wise manner. 27213758 0 1 theme membrane 68:75 arg1 fluidity 77:84 low membrane fluidity 64:84 low membrane fluidity 64:84 Tolerance to chitosan by Trichoderma species is associated with low membrane fluidity. 27213758 6 2 theme acid 1033:1036 arg1 content 1046:1052 lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content 1017:1052 lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates 1017:1097 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 4 3 theme tolerant 550:557 arg1 VSL185 521:526 T. koningiopsis VSL185 505:526 T. koningiopsis VSL185 505:526 T. koningiopsis VSL185 was the most chitosan tolerant isolate in all culture media amended with chitosan (0.5-2.0 mg ml(-1) ). 27213758 4 3 theme tolerant 550:557 arg1 isolate 559:565 the most chitosan tolerant isolate 532:565 the most chitosan tolerant isolate 532:565 T. koningiopsis VSL185 was the most chitosan tolerant isolate in all culture media amended with chitosan (0.5-2.0 mg ml(-1) ). 27213758 5 4 theme Fungicidal 683:692 arg1 MFC 709:711 MFC 709:711 MFC 709:711 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 5 4 theme Fungicidal 683:692 arg1 Concentration 694:706 Minimal Fungicidal Concentration 675:706 Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) 675:712 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 6 5 theme acid 927:930 arg1 composition 932:942 free fatty acid composition 916:942 free fatty acid composition 916:942 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 5 6 theme Trichoderma 848:858 arg1 isolates 860:867 other Trichoderma isolates 842:867 other Trichoderma isolates 842:867 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 6 7 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 composition 932:942 free fatty acid composition 916:942 free fatty acid composition 916:942 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 4 8 from isolate 559:565 arg1 media 582:586 all culture media 570:586 all culture media amended with chitosan (0.5-2.0 mg ml(-1) ) 570:629 T. koningiopsis VSL185 was the most chitosan tolerant isolate in all culture media amended with chitosan (0.5-2.0 mg ml(-1) ). 27213758 5 9 theme MIC 869:871 arg1 values 873:878 MIC values 869:878 MIC values 869:878 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 6 10 theme tolerant 990:997 arg1 isolate 999:1005 chitosan tolerant isolate 981:1005 chitosan tolerant isolate 981:1005 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 6 10 theme tolerant 990:997 arg1 koningiopsis 960:971 koningiopsis 960:971 koningiopsis 960:971 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 2 11 theme 18S 253:255 arg1 rDNA 257:260 18S rDNA 253:260 18S rDNA 253:260 Based on genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters, four isolates of Trichoderma were identified as T. pseudokoningii FLM16, T. citrinoviride FLM17, T. harzianum EZG47, and T. koningiopsis VSL185. 27213758 1 12 theme cosmopolitan 143:154 arg1 spp. 135:138 Trichoderma spp. 123:138 Trichoderma spp. 123:138 The effect of chitosan on growth of Trichoderma spp., a cosmopolitan genus widely exploited for their biocontrol properties was evaluated. 27213758 1 12 theme cosmopolitan 143:154 arg1 genus 156:160 a cosmopolitan genus 141:160 a cosmopolitan genus widely exploited for their biocontrol properties 141:209 The effect of chitosan on growth of Trichoderma spp., a cosmopolitan genus widely exploited for their biocontrol properties was evaluated. 27213758 7 13 theme low 1126:1128 arg1 fluidity 1139:1146 low membrane fluidity 1126:1146 low membrane fluidity 1126:1146 Our findings suggest that low membrane fluidity is associated with chitosan tolerance in Trichoderma spp. 27213758 4 14 theme culture 574:580 arg1 media 582:586 all culture media 570:586 all culture media amended with chitosan (0.5-2.0 mg ml(-1) ) 570:629 T. koningiopsis VSL185 was the most chitosan tolerant isolate in all culture media amended with chitosan (0.5-2.0 mg ml(-1) ). 27213758 6 15 theme lower 1017:1021 arg1 content 1046:1052 lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content 1017:1052 lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates 1017:1097 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 7 16 theme chitosan 1167:1174 arg1 tolerance 1176:1184 chitosan tolerance 1167:1184 chitosan tolerance in Trichoderma spp 1167:1203 Our findings suggest that low membrane fluidity is associated with chitosan tolerance in Trichoderma spp. 27213758 6 17 theme linolenic 1023:1031 arg1 C18:3 1039:1043 C18:3 1039:1043 C18:3 1039:1043 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 6 17 theme linolenic 1023:1031 arg1 acid 1033:1036 linolenic acid 1023:1036 lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates 1017:1097 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 5 18 theme higher 775:780 arg1 tolerance 791:799 higher chitosan tolerance 775:799 higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) 775:830 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 6 19 theme free 916:919 arg1 composition 932:942 free fatty acid composition 916:942 free fatty acid composition 916:942 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 5 20 with tolerance 791:799 arg1 -1 828:829 -1 828:829 -1 828:829 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 5 20 with tolerance 791:799 arg1 >2000 μg ml 816:826 MIC value >2000 μg ml 806:826 MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) 806:830 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 5 21 theme chitosan 782:789 arg1 tolerance 791:799 higher chitosan tolerance 775:799 higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) 775:830 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 6 22 theme chitosan 981:988 arg1 isolate 999:1005 chitosan tolerant isolate 981:1005 chitosan tolerant isolate 981:1005 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 6 22 theme chitosan 981:988 arg1 koningiopsis 960:971 koningiopsis 960:971 koningiopsis 960:971 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 6 23 theme Trichoderma 1078:1088 arg1 isolates 1090:1097 chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates 1059:1097 chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates 1059:1097 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 5 24 theme MIC 806:808 arg1 -1 828:829 -1 828:829 -1 828:829 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 5 24 theme MIC 806:808 arg1 >2000 μg ml 816:826 MIC value >2000 μg ml 806:826 MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) 806:830 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 6 25 theme chitosan 1059:1066 arg1 isolates 1090:1097 chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates 1059:1097 chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates 1059:1097 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 5 26 theme value 810:814 arg1 -1 828:829 -1 828:829 -1 828:829 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 5 26 theme value 810:814 arg1 >2000 μg ml 816:826 MIC value >2000 μg ml 806:826 MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) 806:830 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 2 27 dep T. 372:373 arg1 harzianum 375:383 T. harzianum EZG47 372:389 T. harzianum EZG47 372:389 Based on genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters, four isolates of Trichoderma were identified as T. pseudokoningii FLM16, T. citrinoviride FLM17, T. harzianum EZG47, and T. koningiopsis VSL185. 27213758 2 27 dep T. 372:373 arg1 EZG47 385:389 EZG47 385:389 EZG47 385:389 Based on genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters, four isolates of Trichoderma were identified as T. pseudokoningii FLM16, T. citrinoviride FLM17, T. harzianum EZG47, and T. koningiopsis VSL185. 27213758 1 28 theme biocontrol 189:198 arg1 properties 200:209 their biocontrol properties 183:209 their biocontrol properties 183:209 The effect of chitosan on growth of Trichoderma spp., a cosmopolitan genus widely exploited for their biocontrol properties was evaluated. 27213758 2 29 dep genotypic 235:243 arg1 ITS 246:248 ITS 246:248 ITS 246:248 Based on genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters, four isolates of Trichoderma were identified as T. pseudokoningii FLM16, T. citrinoviride FLM17, T. harzianum EZG47, and T. koningiopsis VSL185. 27213758 4 30 theme T. 505:506 arg1 VSL185 521:526 T. koningiopsis VSL185 505:526 T. koningiopsis VSL185 505:526 T. koningiopsis VSL185 was the most chitosan tolerant isolate in all culture media amended with chitosan (0.5-2.0 mg ml(-1) ). 27213758 4 30 theme T. 505:506 arg1 isolate 559:565 the most chitosan tolerant isolate 532:565 the most chitosan tolerant isolate 532:565 T. koningiopsis VSL185 was the most chitosan tolerant isolate in all culture media amended with chitosan (0.5-2.0 mg ml(-1) ). 27213758 0 31 theme Trichoderma 25:35 arg1 species 37:43 Trichoderma species 25:43 Trichoderma species 25:43 Tolerance to chitosan by Trichoderma species is associated with low membrane fluidity. 27213758 5 32 theme koningiopsis 746:757 arg1 VSL185 759:764 T. koningiopsis VSL185 743:764 T. koningiopsis VSL185 743:764 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 5 33 theme Minimal 632:638 arg1 Concentration 651:663 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration 632:663 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 632:669 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 5 33 theme Minimal 632:638 arg1 MIC 666:668 MIC 666:668 MIC 666:668 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 1 34 theme chitosan 101:108 arg1 effect 91:96 The effect 87:96 The effect of chitosan on growth of Trichoderma spp., a cosmopolitan genus widely exploited for their biocontrol properties 87:209 The effect of chitosan on growth of Trichoderma spp., a cosmopolitan genus widely exploited for their biocontrol properties was evaluated. 27213758 5 35 theme Minimal 675:681 arg1 MFC 709:711 MFC 709:711 MFC 709:711 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 5 35 theme Minimal 675:681 arg1 Concentration 694:706 Minimal Fungicidal Concentration 675:706 Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) 675:712 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 5 36 theme Inhibitory 640:649 arg1 Concentration 651:663 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration 632:663 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 632:669 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 5 36 theme Inhibitory 640:649 arg1 MIC 666:668 MIC 666:668 MIC 666:668 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 3 37 theme Trichoderma 454:464 arg1 isolates 466:473 Trichoderma isolates 454:473 Trichoderma isolates 454:473 Chitosan reduces radial growth of Trichoderma isolates in concentration-wise manner. 27213758 1 38 from effect 91:96 arg1 growth 113:118 growth 113:118 growth of Trichoderma spp., a cosmopolitan genus widely exploited for their biocontrol properties 113:209 The effect of chitosan on growth of Trichoderma spp., a cosmopolitan genus widely exploited for their biocontrol properties was evaluated. 27213758 4 39 theme koningiopsis 508:519 arg1 VSL185 521:526 T. koningiopsis VSL185 505:526 T. koningiopsis VSL185 505:526 T. koningiopsis VSL185 was the most chitosan tolerant isolate in all culture media amended with chitosan (0.5-2.0 mg ml(-1) ). 27213758 4 39 theme koningiopsis 508:519 arg1 isolate 559:565 the most chitosan tolerant isolate 532:565 the most chitosan tolerant isolate 532:565 T. koningiopsis VSL185 was the most chitosan tolerant isolate in all culture media amended with chitosan (0.5-2.0 mg ml(-1) ). 27213758 2 40 theme Trichoderma 292:302 arg1 FLM16 341:345 FLM16 341:345 FLM16 341:345 Based on genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters, four isolates of Trichoderma were identified as T. pseudokoningii FLM16, T. citrinoviride FLM17, T. harzianum EZG47, and T. koningiopsis VSL185. 27213758 2 40 theme Trichoderma 292:302 arg1 citrinoviride 351:363 citrinoviride 351:363 citrinoviride 351:363 Based on genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters, four isolates of Trichoderma were identified as T. pseudokoningii FLM16, T. citrinoviride FLM17, T. harzianum EZG47, and T. koningiopsis VSL185. 27213758 2 40 theme Trichoderma 292:302 arg1 koningiopsis 399:410 koningiopsis 399:410 koningiopsis 399:410 Based on genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters, four isolates of Trichoderma were identified as T. pseudokoningii FLM16, T. citrinoviride FLM17, T. harzianum EZG47, and T. koningiopsis VSL185. 27213758 2 40 theme Trichoderma 292:302 arg1 T. 372:373 T. 372:373 T. 372:373 Based on genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters, four isolates of Trichoderma were identified as T. pseudokoningii FLM16, T. citrinoviride FLM17, T. harzianum EZG47, and T. koningiopsis VSL185. 27213758 2 40 theme Trichoderma 292:302 arg1 isolates 280:287 four isolates 275:287 four isolates of Trichoderma 275:302 Based on genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters, four isolates of Trichoderma were identified as T. pseudokoningii FLM16, T. citrinoviride FLM17, T. harzianum EZG47, and T. koningiopsis VSL185. 27213758 7 41 from tolerance 1176:1184 arg1 spp 1201:1203 Trichoderma spp 1189:1203 Trichoderma spp 1189:1203 Our findings suggest that low membrane fluidity is associated with chitosan tolerance in Trichoderma spp. 27213758 5 42 theme other 842:846 arg1 isolates 860:867 other Trichoderma isolates 842:867 other Trichoderma isolates 842:867 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 6 43 theme sensitive 1068:1076 arg1 isolates 1090:1097 chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates 1059:1097 chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates 1059:1097 Finally, free fatty acid composition reveals that T. koningiopsis VSL185, chitosan tolerant isolate, displays lower linolenic acid (C18:3) content than chitosan sensitive Trichoderma isolates. 27213758 3 44 theme radial 437:442 arg1 growth 444:449 radial growth 437:449 radial growth of Trichoderma isolates 437:473 Chitosan reduces radial growth of Trichoderma isolates in concentration-wise manner. 27213758 0 45 theme low 64:66 arg1 fluidity 77:84 low membrane fluidity 64:84 low membrane fluidity 64:84 Tolerance to chitosan by Trichoderma species is associated with low membrane fluidity. 27213758 2 46 theme genotypic 235:243 arg1 characters 263:272 genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters 235:272 genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters 235:272 Based on genotypic (ITS of 18S rDNA) characters, four isolates of Trichoderma were identified as T. pseudokoningii FLM16, T. citrinoviride FLM17, T. harzianum EZG47, and T. koningiopsis VSL185. 27213758 3 47 theme concentration-wise 478:495 arg1 manner 497:502 concentration-wise manner 478:502 concentration-wise manner 478:502 Chitosan reduces radial growth of Trichoderma isolates in concentration-wise manner. 27213758 7 48 theme membrane 1130:1137 arg1 fluidity 1139:1146 low membrane fluidity 1126:1146 low membrane fluidity 1126:1146 Our findings suggest that low membrane fluidity is associated with chitosan tolerance in Trichoderma spp. 27213758 5 49 theme T. 743:744 arg1 VSL185 759:764 T. koningiopsis VSL185 743:764 T. koningiopsis VSL185 743:764 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined showing that T. koningiopsis VSL185 displays higher chitosan tolerance with MIC value >2000 μg ml(-1) while for other Trichoderma isolates MIC values were around 10 μg ml(-1) . 27213758 1 50 theme spp. 135:138 arg1 growth 113:118 growth 113:118 growth of Trichoderma spp., a cosmopolitan genus widely exploited for their biocontrol properties 113:209 The effect of chitosan on growth of Trichoderma spp., a cosmopolitan genus widely exploited for their biocontrol properties was evaluated. 27213758 7 51 theme Trichoderma 1189:1199 arg1 spp 1201:1203 Trichoderma spp 1189:1203 Trichoderma spp 1189:1203 Our findings suggest that low membrane fluidity is associated with chitosan tolerance in Trichoderma spp. 26710877 1 0 theme various 334:340 arg1 methods 356:362 various encapsulating methods 334:362 various encapsulating methods 334:362 BACKGROUND In recent studies, we have incorporated bile acid and polyelectrolytes into pancreatic β-cell microcapsules and examined their cell viability and microcapsule morphology using various encapsulating methods. 26710877 2 1 theme ml/min 996:1001 arg1 solution 980:987 formulation solution 968:987 formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min 968:1001 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 6 2 theme PAA 1452:1454 arg1 addition 1435:1442 the addition 1431:1442 the addition of PSS, PAA and USG 1431:1462 RESULTS Using our method, viability remained low after the addition of PSS, PAA and USG, while the incorporation of UDCA enhanced cell viability, and thermal stability was maintained. 26710877 7 3 theme stable 1727:1732 arg1 microcapsules 1734:1746 stable microcapsules 1727:1746 stable microcapsules 1727:1746 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 0 4 from Effects 4:10 arg1 Fabrication 65:75 Fabrication 65:75 Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes 65:144 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 2 5 theme PLO 1026:1028 arg1 mixture 1011:1017 a mixture 1009:1017 a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) 1009:1069 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 1 6 theme pancreatic 234:243 arg1 microcapsules 252:264 pancreatic β-cell microcapsules 234:264 pancreatic β-cell microcapsules 234:264 BACKGROUND In recent studies, we have incorporated bile acid and polyelectrolytes into pancreatic β-cell microcapsules and examined their cell viability and microcapsule morphology using various encapsulating methods. 26710877 7 7 theme 0.1:3:1:4 1688:1696 arg1 ratio 1698:1702 0.1:3:1:4 ratio 1688:1702 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively 1688:1715 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 0 8 dep # 109:109 arg1 -cell 114:118 -cell 114:118 β-cell: Applications in Diabetes 108:144 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 1 9 theme β-cell 245:250 arg1 microcapsules 252:264 pancreatic β-cell microcapsules 234:264 pancreatic β-cell microcapsules 234:264 BACKGROUND In recent studies, we have incorporated bile acid and polyelectrolytes into pancreatic β-cell microcapsules and examined their cell viability and microcapsule morphology using various encapsulating methods. 26710877 0 10 theme Microcapsules 80:92 arg1 Fabrication 65:75 Fabrication 65:75 Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes 65:144 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 4 11 theme microencapsulated 1215:1231 arg1 cells 1233:1237 The microencapsulated cells 1211:1237 The microencapsulated cells 1211:1237 The microencapsulated cells were examined for bioenergetics and production of inflammatory biomarkers. 26710877 2 12 theme SA 1022:1023 arg1 mixture 1011:1017 a mixture 1009:1017 a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) 1009:1069 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 0 13 from Applications 121:132 arg1 Diabetes 137:144 Diabetes 137:144 Diabetes 137:144 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 0 14 theme # 109:109 arg1 Applications 121:132 β-cell: Applications 108:132 β-cell: Applications in Diabetes 108:144 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 7 15 theme diabetes 1813:1820 arg1 treatment 1822:1830 diabetes treatment 1813:1830 diabetes treatment 1813:1830 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 6 16 theme PSS 1447:1449 arg1 addition 1435:1442 the addition 1431:1442 the addition of PSS, PAA and USG 1431:1462 RESULTS Using our method, viability remained low after the addition of PSS, PAA and USG, while the incorporation of UDCA enhanced cell viability, and thermal stability was maintained. 26710877 2 17 theme voltage 883:889 arg1 mv 897:898 voltage > 600 mv 883:898 voltage > 600 mv 883:898 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 18 theme PSS 1036:1038 arg1 mixture 1011:1017 a mixture 1009:1017 a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) 1009:1069 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 4 19 theme inflammatory 1289:1300 arg1 biomarkers 1302:1311 inflammatory biomarkers 1289:1311 inflammatory biomarkers 1289:1311 The microencapsulated cells were examined for bioenergetics and production of inflammatory biomarkers. 26710877 6 20 theme cell 1506:1509 arg1 viability 1511:1519 cell viability 1506:1519 cell viability 1506:1519 RESULTS Using our method, viability remained low after the addition of PSS, PAA and USG, while the incorporation of UDCA enhanced cell viability, and thermal stability was maintained. 26710877 1 21 theme recent 161:166 arg1 studies 168:174 recent studies 161:174 recent studies 161:174 BACKGROUND In recent studies, we have incorporated bile acid and polyelectrolytes into pancreatic β-cell microcapsules and examined their cell viability and microcapsule morphology using various encapsulating methods. 26710877 1 22 theme encapsulating 342:354 arg1 methods 356:362 various encapsulating methods 334:362 various encapsulating methods 334:362 BACKGROUND In recent studies, we have incorporated bile acid and polyelectrolytes into pancreatic β-cell microcapsules and examined their cell viability and microcapsule morphology using various encapsulating methods. 26710877 2 23 theme USG 1031:1033 arg1 mixture 1011:1017 a mixture 1009:1017 a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) 1009:1069 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 24 theme β-cells 799:805 arg1 NIT-1 807:811 The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 784:811 The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 784:811 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 0 25 theme Ionic 15:19 arg1 Technique 52:60 Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique 15:60 Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique 15:60 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 7 26 dep CONCLUSION 1560:1569 arg1 produced 1718:1725 produced 1718:1725 produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment 1718:1830 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 3 27 theme surface 1146:1152 arg1 composition 1154:1164 surface composition 1146:1164 surface composition 1146:1164 Both formulations and microcapsules were examined for surface composition and thermal and chemical biocompatibilities. 26710877 2 28 with frequency 904:912 arg1 flow 938:941 syringe flow 930:941 syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) 930:962 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 28 with frequency 904:912 arg1 UDCA 1079:1082 UDCA 1079:1082 UDCA (test) 1079:1089 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 28 with frequency 904:912 arg1 test 1085:1088 test 1085:1088 test 1085:1088 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 28 with frequency 904:912 arg1 mixture 1011:1017 a mixture 1009:1017 a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) 1009:1069 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 29 theme ml/min 950:955 arg1 flow 938:941 syringe flow 930:941 syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) 930:962 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 6 30 theme thermal 1526:1532 arg1 stability 1534:1542 thermal stability 1526:1542 thermal stability 1526:1542 RESULTS Using our method, viability remained low after the addition of PSS, PAA and USG, while the incorporation of UDCA enhanced cell viability, and thermal stability was maintained. 26710877 7 31 theme cell 1785:1788 arg1 microencapsulation 1790:1807 cell microencapsulation 1785:1807 cell microencapsulation 1785:1807 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 6 32 theme USG 1460:1462 arg1 addition 1435:1442 the addition 1431:1442 the addition of PSS, PAA and USG 1431:1462 RESULTS Using our method, viability remained low after the addition of PSS, PAA and USG, while the incorporation of UDCA enhanced cell viability, and thermal stability was maintained. 26710877 0 33 theme Vibrational 31:41 arg1 Technique 52:60 Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique 15:60 Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique 15:60 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 1 34 theme cell 285:288 arg1 viability 290:298 their cell viability 279:298 their cell viability 279:298 BACKGROUND In recent studies, we have incorporated bile acid and polyelectrolytes into pancreatic β-cell microcapsules and examined their cell viability and microcapsule morphology using various encapsulating methods. 26710877 4 35 theme biomarkers 1302:1311 arg1 production 1275:1284 production 1275:1284 production 1275:1284 The microencapsulated cells were examined for bioenergetics and production of inflammatory biomarkers. 26710877 4 35 theme biomarkers 1302:1311 arg1 bioenergetics 1257:1269 bioenergetics 1257:1269 bioenergetics 1257:1269 The microencapsulated cells were examined for bioenergetics and production of inflammatory biomarkers. 26710877 7 36 theme potential 1759:1767 arg1 applications 1769:1780 potential applications 1759:1780 potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment 1759:1830 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 7 37 from applications 1769:1780 arg1 microencapsulation 1790:1807 cell microencapsulation 1785:1807 cell microencapsulation 1785:1807 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 7 37 from applications 1769:1780 arg1 treatment 1822:1830 diabetes treatment 1813:1830 diabetes treatment 1813:1830 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 2 38 theme concentric 837:846 arg1 nozzles 848:854 concentric nozzles 837:854 concentric nozzles 837:854 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 0 39 theme Gelation- 21:29 arg1 Technique 52:60 Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique 15:60 Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique 15:60 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 2 40 theme refined 862:868 arg1 method 870:875 a refined method 860:875 a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test) 860:1089 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 41 theme Hz 922:923 arg1 frequency 904:912 frequency 904:912 frequency 904:912 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 41 theme Hz 922:923 arg1 mv 897:898 voltage > 600 mv 883:898 voltage > 600 mv 883:898 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 42 theme > 891:891 arg1 mv 897:898 voltage > 600 mv 883:898 voltage > 600 mv 883:898 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 43 theme formulation 968:978 arg1 solution 980:987 formulation solution 968:987 formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min 968:1001 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 0 44 theme Technique 52:60 arg1 Effects 4:10 The Effects 0:10 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 0:145 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 1 45 dep BACKGROUND 147:156 arg1 have 180:183 have 180:183 have incorporated bile acid and polyelectrolytes into pancreatic β-cell microcapsules and examined their cell viability and microcapsule morphology using various encapsulating methods 180:362 BACKGROUND In recent studies, we have incorporated bile acid and polyelectrolytes into pancreatic β-cell microcapsules and examined their cell viability and microcapsule morphology using various encapsulating methods. 26710877 0 46 theme Jet 43:45 arg1 Technique 52:60 Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique 15:60 Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique 15:60 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 1 47 theme microcapsule 304:315 arg1 morphology 317:326 microcapsule morphology 304:326 microcapsule morphology 304:326 BACKGROUND In recent studies, we have incorporated bile acid and polyelectrolytes into pancreatic β-cell microcapsules and examined their cell viability and microcapsule morphology using various encapsulating methods. 26710877 6 48 theme UDCA 1492:1495 arg1 incorporation 1475:1487 the incorporation 1471:1487 the incorporation of UDCA 1471:1495 RESULTS Using our method, viability remained low after the addition of PSS, PAA and USG, while the incorporation of UDCA enhanced cell viability, and thermal stability was maintained. 26710877 2 49 theme PAA 1044:1046 arg1 mixture 1011:1017 a mixture 1009:1017 a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) 1009:1069 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 3 50 theme chemical 1182:1189 arg1 biocompatibilities 1191:1208 thermal and chemical biocompatibilities 1170:1208 thermal and chemical biocompatibilities 1170:1208 Both formulations and microcapsules were examined for surface composition and thermal and chemical biocompatibilities. 26710877 7 51 theme polystyrenic 1629:1640 arg1 sulphate 1642:1649 polystyrenic sulphate 1629:1649 polystyrenic sulphate 1629:1649 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 5 52 theme UDCA 1314:1317 arg1 distribution 1319:1330 UDCA distribution 1314:1330 UDCA distribution within the microcapsules 1314:1355 UDCA distribution within the microcapsules was also examined. 26710877 1 53 theme bile 198:201 arg1 acid 203:206 bile acid 198:206 bile acid 198:206 BACKGROUND In recent studies, we have incorporated bile acid and polyelectrolytes into pancreatic β-cell microcapsules and examined their cell viability and microcapsule morphology using various encapsulating methods. 26710877 2 54 dep METHOD 777:782 arg1 encapsulated 818:829 encapsulated 818:829 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test) 813:1089 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 3 55 theme thermal 1170:1176 arg1 biocompatibilities 1191:1208 thermal and chemical biocompatibilities 1170:1208 thermal and chemical biocompatibilities 1170:1208 Both formulations and microcapsules were examined for surface composition and thermal and chemical biocompatibilities. 26710877 7 56 theme refined 1575:1581 arg1 method 1602:1607 Our refined microencapsulating method 1571:1607 Our refined microencapsulating method 1571:1607 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 2 57 theme pancreatic 788:797 arg1 NIT-1 807:811 The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 784:811 The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 784:811 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 7 58 theme microencapsulating 1583:1600 arg1 method 1602:1607 Our refined microencapsulating method 1571:1607 Our refined microencapsulating method 1571:1607 CONCLUSION Our refined microencapsulating method, when incorporating polystyrenic sulphate, polyallylamine, the gel and UDCA at 0.1:3:1:4 ratio respectively, produced stable microcapsules suggesting potential applications in cell microencapsulation and diabetes treatment. 26710877 0 59 theme Flow 47:50 arg1 Technique 52:60 Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique 15:60 Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique 15:60 The Effects of Ionic Gelation- Vibrational Jet Flow Technique in Fabrication of Microcapsules Incorporating β-cell: Applications in Diabetes. 26710877 2 60 with mv 897:898 arg1 flow 938:941 syringe flow 930:941 syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) 930:962 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 60 with mv 897:898 arg1 UDCA 1079:1082 UDCA 1079:1082 UDCA (test) 1079:1089 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 60 with mv 897:898 arg1 test 1085:1088 test 1085:1088 test 1085:1088 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 60 with mv 897:898 arg1 mixture 1011:1017 a mixture 1009:1017 a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) 1009:1069 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 26710877 2 61 theme syringe 930:936 arg1 flow 938:941 syringe flow 930:941 syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) 930:962 METHOD The pancreatic β-cells NIT-1 were encapsulated using concentric nozzles and a refined method using voltage > 600 mv and frequency of 1750 Hz with syringe flow of 1.5 ml/min (core) and formulation solution of 2.1 ml/min, with a mixture of SA, PLO, USG, PSS and PAA without UDCA (control) or with UDCA (test). 28045450 9 0 theme possible 1715:1722 arg1 adjunct 1732:1738 a possible dietary adjunct 1713:1738 a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1713:1807 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 9 0 theme possible 1715:1722 arg1 use 1692:1694 the use 1688:1694 the use of this plant 1688:1708 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 3 1 theme C. 532:533 arg1 herb 544:547 C. palustre herb 532:547 C. palustre herb 532:547 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 6 2 theme palustre 955:962 arg1 extract 964:970 the C. palustre extract 948:970 the C. palustre extract 948:970 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 7 3 theme extracts 1169:1176 arg1 effect 1147:1152 The hypoglycaemic effect 1129:1152 The hypoglycaemic effect of C. palustre extracts before and after ellagitannin removal, agrimoniin and insulin 1129:1238 The hypoglycaemic effect of C. palustre extracts before and after ellagitannin removal, agrimoniin and insulin was evaluated on streptozotocin-induced experimental model. 28045450 3 4 theme inhibitory 570:579 arg1 activity 581:588 the highest inhibitory activity 558:588 the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL) 558:628 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 7 5 theme C. 1157:1158 arg1 extracts 1169:1176 C. palustre extracts 1157:1176 C. palustre extracts 1157:1176 The hypoglycaemic effect of C. palustre extracts before and after ellagitannin removal, agrimoniin and insulin was evaluated on streptozotocin-induced experimental model. 28045450 1 6 theme herbal 215:220 arg1 medicines 222:230 traditional herbal medicines 203:230 traditional herbal medicines 203:230 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 28045450 6 7 theme ellagitannins 929:941 arg1 removal 918:924 The removal 914:924 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract 914:970 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 2 8 from cinquefoil 400:409 arg1 extracts 380:387 extracts 380:387 extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds 380:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 2 8 from cinquefoil 400:409 arg1 activity 368:375 the anti-α-glucosidase activity 345:375 the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds 345:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 8 9 theme palustre 1345:1352 arg1 extract 1354:1360 C. palustre extract 1342:1360 C. palustre extract 1342:1360 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 0 10 theme Diabetic 139:146 arg1 Rats 148:151 Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 116:151 Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 116:151 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 1 11 theme considerable 247:258 arg1 interest 260:267 considerable interest 247:267 considerable interest 247:267 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 28045450 6 12 theme 204.7 1027:1031 arg1 μg/mL 1033:1037 μg/mL 1033:1037 μg/mL 1033:1037 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 9 13 theme source 1769:1774 arg1 treatment 1747:1755 the treatment 1743:1755 the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1743:1807 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 8 14 theme hemoglobin 1541:1550 arg1 levels 1512:1517 the levels 1508:1517 the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin 1508:1550 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 4 15 theme compounds 662:670 arg1 analysis 640:647 The HPLC analysis 631:647 The HPLC analysis of the major compounds 631:670 The HPLC analysis of the major compounds resulted in detection of 15 compounds, including ellagitannins, flavonoids, catechin and other compounds. 28045450 5 16 theme agrimoniin-containing 844:864 arg1 eluates 866:872 agrimoniin-containing eluates 844:872 agrimoniin-containing eluates 844:872 Using HPLC activity-based profiling a good inhibitory activity of agrimoniin-containing eluates against α-glucosidase was demonstrated. 28045450 9 17 theme leading 1583:1589 arg1 role 1591:1594 the leading role 1579:1594 the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre 1579:1661 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 9 18 theme new 1779:1781 arg1 agents 1802:1807 new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1779:1807 new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1779:1807 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 0 19 from Herb 57:60 arg1 Agrimoniin 0:9 Agrimoniin 0:9 Agrimoniin 0:9 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 0 19 from Herb 57:60 arg1 Ellagitannin 22:33 an Active Ellagitannin 12:33 an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 12:151 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 3 20 theme 52.0 618:621 arg1 μg/mL 623:627 μg/mL 623:627 μg/mL 623:627 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 6 21 theme α-glucosidase 996:1008 arg1 inhibition 1010:1019 α-glucosidase inhibition 996:1019 α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL) 996:1126 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 9 22 theme hypoglycaemic 1788:1800 arg1 agents 1802:1807 new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1779:1807 new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1779:1807 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 7 23 theme ellagitannin 1195:1206 arg1 removal 1208:1214 ellagitannin removal 1195:1214 ellagitannin removal 1195:1214 The hypoglycaemic effect of C. palustre extracts before and after ellagitannin removal, agrimoniin and insulin was evaluated on streptozotocin-induced experimental model. 28045450 8 24 theme significant 1397:1407 arg1 increases 1409:1417 significant increases 1397:1417 significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin 1397:1477 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 1 25 from medicines 222:230 arg1 inhibitors 187:196 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors 154:196 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines 154:230 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 28045450 4 26 theme compounds 700:708 arg1 detection 684:692 detection 684:692 detection of 15 compounds, including ellagitannins, flavonoids, catechin and other compounds 684:775 The HPLC analysis of the major compounds resulted in detection of 15 compounds, including ellagitannins, flavonoids, catechin and other compounds. 28045450 1 27 theme α-glucosidase 173:185 arg1 inhibitors 187:196 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors 154:196 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines 154:230 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 28045450 0 28 theme Anti-α-Glucosidase 67:84 arg1 Potential 103:111 Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential 67:111 Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 67:151 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 6 29 theme high 1051:1054 arg1 activity 1074:1081 the high enzyme-inhibiting activity 1047:1081 the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL) 1047:1126 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 8 30 theme plasma 1436:1441 arg1 glucose 1443:1449 plasma glucose 1436:1449 plasma glucose 1436:1449 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 0 31 theme Antidiabetic 90:101 arg1 Potential 103:111 Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential 67:111 Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 67:151 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 2 32 theme present 313:319 arg1 study 321:325 The present study 309:325 The present study 309:325 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 9 33 theme herb 1646:1649 arg1 palustre 1654:1661 the herb C. palustre 1642:1661 the herb C. palustre 1642:1661 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 9 34 theme palustre 1654:1661 arg1 activity 1630:1637 the antidiabetic activity 1613:1637 the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre 1613:1661 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 8 35 theme hemoglobin 1468:1477 arg1 levels 1426:1431 the levels 1422:1431 the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin 1422:1477 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 6 36 theme μg/mL 1121:1125 arg1 IC50 1111:1114 IC50 1111:1114 IC50 21.8 μg/mL 1111:1125 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 8 37 theme significant 1483:1493 arg1 decreases 1495:1503 significant decreases 1483:1503 significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin 1483:1550 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 5 38 theme eluates 866:872 arg1 activity 832:839 a good inhibitory activity 814:839 a good inhibitory activity of agrimoniin-containing eluates against α-glucosidase 814:894 Using HPLC activity-based profiling a good inhibitory activity of agrimoniin-containing eluates against α-glucosidase was demonstrated. 28045450 8 39 gly glycosylated 1455:1466 arg1 hemoglobin 1468:1477 glycosylated hemoglobin 1455:1477 glycosylated hemoglobin 1455:1477 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 6 40 theme agrimoniin 1099:1108 arg1 activity 1074:1081 the high enzyme-inhibiting activity 1047:1081 the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL) 1047:1126 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 2 41 theme compounds 494:502 arg1 L. 429:430 L. 429:430 L. 429:430 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 2 41 theme compounds 494:502 arg1 cinquefoil 400:409 marsh cinquefoil 394:409 marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.) 394:431 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 2 41 theme compounds 494:502 arg1 detection 465:473 detection 465:473 detection of the responsible compounds 465:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 2 41 theme compounds 494:502 arg1 action 454:459 their hypoglycaemic action 434:459 their hypoglycaemic action 434:459 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 3 42 theme ethanol 511:517 arg1 extract 519:525 A 60% ethanol extract 505:525 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb 505:547 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 5 43 theme inhibitory 821:830 arg1 activity 832:839 a good inhibitory activity 814:839 a good inhibitory activity of agrimoniin-containing eluates against α-glucosidase 814:894 Using HPLC activity-based profiling a good inhibitory activity of agrimoniin-containing eluates against α-glucosidase was demonstrated. 28045450 8 44 theme plasma 1522:1527 arg1 insulin 1529:1535 plasma insulin 1522:1535 plasma insulin 1522:1535 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 3 45 theme 60 507:508 arg1 % 509:509 % 509:509 % 509:509 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 9 46 theme plant 1704:1708 arg1 use 1692:1694 the use 1688:1694 the use of this plant 1688:1708 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 9 46 theme plant 1704:1708 arg1 adjunct 1732:1738 a possible dietary adjunct 1713:1738 a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1713:1807 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 9 47 theme antidiabetic 1617:1628 arg1 activity 1630:1637 the antidiabetic activity 1613:1637 the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre 1613:1661 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 6 48 from extract 964:970 arg1 removal 918:924 The removal 914:924 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract 914:970 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 3 49 theme palustre 535:542 arg1 herb 544:547 C. palustre herb 532:547 C. palustre herb 532:547 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 0 50 theme palustre 48:55 arg1 Herb 57:60 Comarum palustre Herb 40:60 Comarum palustre Herb 40:60 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 2 51 from action 454:459 arg1 extracts 380:387 extracts 380:387 extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds 380:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 2 51 from action 454:459 arg1 activity 368:375 the anti-α-glucosidase activity 345:375 the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds 345:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 4 52 theme HPLC 635:638 arg1 analysis 640:647 The HPLC analysis 631:647 The HPLC analysis of the major compounds 631:670 The HPLC analysis of the major compounds resulted in detection of 15 compounds, including ellagitannins, flavonoids, catechin and other compounds. 28045450 0 53 with Ellagitannin 22:33 arg1 Potential 103:111 Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential 67:111 Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 67:151 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 2 54 theme marsh 394:398 arg1 L. 429:430 L. 429:430 L. 429:430 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 2 54 theme marsh 394:398 arg1 cinquefoil 400:409 marsh cinquefoil 394:409 marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.) 394:431 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 9 55 theme dietary 1724:1730 arg1 adjunct 1732:1738 a possible dietary adjunct 1713:1738 a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1713:1807 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 9 55 theme dietary 1724:1730 arg1 use 1692:1694 the use 1688:1694 the use of this plant 1688:1708 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 2 56 from activity 368:375 arg1 L. 429:430 L. 429:430 L. 429:430 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 2 56 from activity 368:375 arg1 cinquefoil 400:409 marsh cinquefoil 394:409 marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.) 394:431 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 2 56 from activity 368:375 arg1 detection 465:473 detection 465:473 detection of the responsible compounds 465:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 2 56 from activity 368:375 arg1 action 454:459 their hypoglycaemic action 434:459 their hypoglycaemic action 434:459 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 7 57 theme palustre 1160:1167 arg1 extracts 1169:1176 C. palustre extracts 1157:1176 C. palustre extracts 1157:1176 The hypoglycaemic effect of C. palustre extracts before and after ellagitannin removal, agrimoniin and insulin was evaluated on streptozotocin-induced experimental model. 28045450 3 58 theme highest 562:568 arg1 activity 581:588 the highest inhibitory activity 558:588 the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL) 558:628 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 6 59 theme C. 952:953 arg1 extract 964:970 the C. palustre extract 948:970 the C. palustre extract 948:970 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 2 60 theme extracts 380:387 arg1 activity 368:375 the anti-α-glucosidase activity 345:375 the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds 345:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 3 61 from herb 544:547 arg1 extract 519:525 A 60% ethanol extract 505:525 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb 505:547 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 1 62 theme traditional 203:213 arg1 medicines 222:230 traditional herbal medicines 203:230 traditional herbal medicines 203:230 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 28045450 0 63 theme Comarum 40:46 arg1 Herb 57:60 Comarum palustre Herb 40:60 Comarum palustre Herb 40:60 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 5 64 theme activity-based 789:802 arg1 profiling 804:812 HPLC activity-based profiling 784:812 HPLC activity-based profiling 784:812 Using HPLC activity-based profiling a good inhibitory activity of agrimoniin-containing eluates against α-glucosidase was demonstrated. 28045450 7 65 theme hypoglycaemic 1133:1145 arg1 effect 1147:1152 The hypoglycaemic effect 1129:1152 The hypoglycaemic effect of C. palustre extracts before and after ellagitannin removal, agrimoniin and insulin 1129:1238 The hypoglycaemic effect of C. palustre extracts before and after ellagitannin removal, agrimoniin and insulin was evaluated on streptozotocin-induced experimental model. 28045450 8 66 from decreases 1495:1503 arg1 levels 1512:1517 the levels 1508:1517 the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin 1508:1550 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 8 66 from decreases 1495:1503 arg1 levels 1426:1431 the levels 1422:1431 the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin 1422:1477 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 9 67 theme DM 1760:1761 arg1 treatment 1747:1755 the treatment 1743:1755 the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1743:1807 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 9 68 from role 1591:1594 arg1 activity 1630:1637 the antidiabetic activity 1613:1637 the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre 1613:1661 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 6 69 theme μg/mL 1033:1037 arg1 IC50 1022:1025 IC50 1022:1025 IC50 204.7 μg/mL 1022:1037 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 6 70 dep inhibition 1010:1019 arg1 IC50 1022:1025 IC50 1022:1025 IC50 204.7 μg/mL 1022:1037 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 8 71 theme C. 1342:1343 arg1 extract 1354:1360 C. palustre extract 1342:1360 C. palustre extract 1342:1360 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 3 72 theme μg/mL 623:627 arg1 IC50 613:616 IC50 613:616 IC50 52.0 μg/mL 613:627 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 9 73 from adjunct 1732:1738 arg1 treatment 1747:1755 the treatment 1743:1755 the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1743:1807 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 4 74 theme major 656:660 arg1 compounds 662:670 the major compounds 652:670 the major compounds 652:670 The HPLC analysis of the major compounds resulted in detection of 15 compounds, including ellagitannins, flavonoids, catechin and other compounds. 28045450 8 75 theme Diabetic 1300:1307 arg1 rats 1309:1312 Diabetic rats 1300:1312 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal 1300:1388 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 9 76 theme oral 1783:1786 arg1 agents 1802:1807 new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1779:1807 new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1779:1807 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 8 77 theme ellagitannin 1369:1380 arg1 removal 1382:1388 ellagitannin removal 1369:1388 ellagitannin removal 1369:1388 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 9 78 theme agrimoniin 1599:1608 arg1 role 1591:1594 the leading role 1579:1594 the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre 1579:1661 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 6 79 theme dominant 1090:1097 arg1 agrimoniin 1099:1108 the dominant agrimoniin 1086:1108 the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL) 1086:1126 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 9 80 theme agents 1802:1807 arg1 source 1769:1774 a source 1767:1774 a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents 1767:1807 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 9 80 theme agents 1802:1807 arg1 DM 1760:1761 DM 1760:1761 DM 1760:1761 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 0 81 from Potential 103:111 arg1 Rats 148:151 Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 116:151 Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 116:151 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 1 82 theme existing 164:171 arg1 inhibitors 187:196 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors 154:196 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines 154:230 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 28045450 2 83 from detection 465:473 arg1 extracts 380:387 extracts 380:387 extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds 380:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 2 83 from detection 465:473 arg1 activity 368:375 the anti-α-glucosidase activity 345:375 the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds 345:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 7 84 theme experimental 1280:1291 arg1 model 1293:1297 streptozotocin-induced experimental model 1257:1297 streptozotocin-induced experimental model 1257:1297 The hypoglycaemic effect of C. palustre extracts before and after ellagitannin removal, agrimoniin and insulin was evaluated on streptozotocin-induced experimental model. 28045450 5 85 theme HPLC 784:787 arg1 profiling 804:812 HPLC activity-based profiling 784:812 HPLC activity-based profiling 784:812 Using HPLC activity-based profiling a good inhibitory activity of agrimoniin-containing eluates against α-glucosidase was demonstrated. 28045450 3 86 dep α-glucosidase 598:610 arg1 IC50 613:616 IC50 613:616 IC50 52.0 μg/mL 613:627 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 6 87 theme enzyme-inhibiting 1056:1072 arg1 activity 1074:1081 the high enzyme-inhibiting activity 1047:1081 the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL) 1047:1126 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 7 88 theme streptozotocin-induced 1257:1278 arg1 model 1293:1297 streptozotocin-induced experimental model 1257:1297 streptozotocin-induced experimental model 1257:1297 The hypoglycaemic effect of C. palustre extracts before and after ellagitannin removal, agrimoniin and insulin was evaluated on streptozotocin-induced experimental model. 28045450 6 89 dep agrimoniin 1099:1108 arg1 IC50 1111:1114 IC50 1111:1114 IC50 21.8 μg/mL 1111:1125 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 2 90 theme anti-α-glucosidase 349:366 arg1 activity 368:375 the anti-α-glucosidase activity 345:375 the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds 345:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 0 91 theme Streptozotocin-Induced 116:137 arg1 Rats 148:151 Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 116:151 Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 116:151 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 9 92 theme C. 1651:1652 arg1 palustre 1654:1661 the herb C. palustre 1642:1661 the herb C. palustre 1642:1661 The data obtained confirm the leading role of agrimoniin in the antidiabetic activity of the herb C. palustre and allows us to suggest the use of this plant as a possible dietary adjunct in the treatment of DM and a source of new oral hypoglycaemic agents. 28045450 8 93 theme glucose 1443:1449 arg1 levels 1426:1431 the levels 1422:1431 the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin 1422:1477 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 8 94 theme glycosylated 1455:1466 arg1 hemoglobin 1468:1477 glycosylated hemoglobin 1455:1477 glycosylated hemoglobin 1455:1477 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 0 95 theme Active 15:20 arg1 Agrimoniin 0:9 Agrimoniin 0:9 Agrimoniin 0:9 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 0 95 theme Active 15:20 arg1 Ellagitannin 22:33 an Active Ellagitannin 12:33 an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 12:151 Agrimoniin, an Active Ellagitannin from Comarum palustre Herb with Anti-α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 28045450 8 96 from increases 1409:1417 arg1 levels 1512:1517 the levels 1508:1517 the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin 1508:1550 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 8 96 from increases 1409:1417 arg1 levels 1426:1431 the levels 1422:1431 the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin 1422:1477 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 6 97 theme 21.8 1116:1119 arg1 μg/mL 1121:1125 μg/mL 1121:1125 μg/mL 1121:1125 The removal of ellagitannins from the C. palustre extract significantly decreased α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 204.7 μg/mL) due to the high enzyme-inhibiting activity of the dominant agrimoniin (IC50 21.8 μg/mL). 28045450 4 98 theme other 761:765 arg1 compounds 767:775 other compounds 761:775 other compounds 761:775 The HPLC analysis of the major compounds resulted in detection of 15 compounds, including ellagitannins, flavonoids, catechin and other compounds. 28045450 2 99 theme hypoglycaemic 440:452 arg1 action 454:459 their hypoglycaemic action 434:459 their hypoglycaemic action 434:459 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 5 100 theme good 816:819 arg1 activity 832:839 a good inhibitory activity 814:839 a good inhibitory activity of agrimoniin-containing eluates against α-glucosidase 814:894 Using HPLC activity-based profiling a good inhibitory activity of agrimoniin-containing eluates against α-glucosidase was demonstrated. 28045450 2 101 theme responsible 482:492 arg1 compounds 494:502 the responsible compounds 478:502 the responsible compounds 478:502 The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase activity of extracts from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.), their hypoglycaemic action and detection of the responsible compounds. 28045450 5 102 dep demonstrated 900:911 arg1 Using 778:782 Using 778:782 Using HPLC activity-based profiling 778:812 Using HPLC activity-based profiling a good inhibitory activity of agrimoniin-containing eluates against α-glucosidase was demonstrated. 28045450 3 103 theme % 509:509 arg1 extract 519:525 A 60% ethanol extract 505:525 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb 505:547 A 60% ethanol extract from C. palustre herb revealed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 52.0 μg/mL). 28045450 1 104 theme type 278:281 arg1 DM 304:305 DM 304:305 DM 304:305 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 28045450 1 104 theme type 278:281 arg1 mellitus 294:301 type 2 diabetes mellitus 278:301 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) 278:306 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 28045450 8 105 theme insulin 1529:1535 arg1 levels 1512:1517 the levels 1508:1517 the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin 1508:1550 Diabetic rats treated with agrimoniin and C. palustre extract before ellagitannin removal showed significant increases in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant decreases in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. 28045450 1 106 theme diabetes 285:292 arg1 DM 304:305 DM 304:305 DM 304:305 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 28045450 1 106 theme diabetes 285:292 arg1 mellitus 294:301 type 2 diabetes mellitus 278:301 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) 278:306 Naturally existing α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 26233446 2 0 used used 481:484 arg2 Data 443:446 Data 443:446 Data from 3 previous experiments 443:474 Data from 3 previous experiments were used to address the study objectives, accounting for a total of 95 multiparous Holstein cows. 26233446 10 1 theme C 1970:1970 arg1 propionate 1972:1981 [1-(14)C]propionate 1963:1981 [1-(14)C]propionate 1963:1981 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 1 2 used used 150:153 arg2 n=95 139:142 n=95 139:142 n=95 139:142 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 1 2 used used 150:153 arg2 cows 133:136 Multiparous Holstein cows 112:136 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) 112:143 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 9 3 theme elevated 1638:1645 arg1 content 1676:1682 elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1638:1682 elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1638:1682 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 5 4 from % 984:984 arg1 d 1009:1009 d 1 and 21 1009:1018 d 1009:1009 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 5 4 from % 984:984 arg1 21 1017:1018 21 1017:1018 21 1017:1018 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 9 5 theme C 1860:1860 arg1 propionate 1862:1871 [1-(14)C]propionate 1853:1871 [1-(14)C]propionate 1853:1871 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 10 6 theme increased 1939:1947 arg1 conversion 1949:1958 increased conversion 1939:1958 increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose 1939:1992 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 3 7 theme [1- 683:685 arg1 palmitate 692:700 [1-(14)C]palmitate 683:700 [1-(14)C]palmitate 683:700 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 5 8 theme values 999:1004 arg1 % 984:984 271 and 446% 973:984 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively 973:1032 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 5 8 theme values 999:1004 arg1 values 999:1004 prepartum values 989:1004 prepartum values 989:1004 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 11 9 theme impaired 2156:2163 arg1 metabolism 2195:2204 impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism 2156:2204 impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism 2156:2204 Overall, conditions that lead to impairments in fatty acid metabolism during the transition period appear to be associated with impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism. 26233446 3 10 theme palmitate 692:700 arg1 conversion 669:678 conversion 669:678 conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose 669:797 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 3 11 theme Liver 575:579 arg1 slices 581:586 Liver slices 575:586 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition 575:644 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 8 12 theme [1- 1369:1371 arg1 propionate 1378:1387 [1-(14)C]propionate 1369:1387 [1-(14)C]propionate 1369:1387 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 2 13 theme multiparous 548:558 arg1 cows 569:572 95 multiparous Holstein cows 545:572 95 multiparous Holstein cows 545:572 Data from 3 previous experiments were used to address the study objectives, accounting for a total of 95 multiparous Holstein cows. 26233446 3 14 theme C 690:690 arg1 palmitate 692:700 [1-(14)C]palmitate 683:700 [1-(14)C]palmitate 683:700 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 8 15 theme liver 1467:1471 arg1 values 1425:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 15 theme liver 1467:1471 arg1 % 1529:1529 126 and 85% 1519:1529 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively 1519:1577 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 15 theme liver 1467:1471 arg1 values 1544:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 15 theme liver 1467:1471 arg1 capacity 1455:1462 the capacity 1451:1462 the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose 1451:1513 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 5 16 theme Liver 918:922 arg1 content 937:943 Liver triglyceride content 918:943 Liver triglyceride content 918:943 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 7 17 theme prepartum 1290:1298 arg1 values 1300:1305 prepartum values 1290:1305 prepartum values 1290:1305 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 9 18 theme elevated 1688:1695 arg1 triglycerides 1697:1709 elevated triglycerides 1688:1709 elevated triglycerides 1688:1709 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 3 19 theme esterified 713:722 arg1 products 724:731 esterified products 713:731 esterified products 713:731 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 5 20 from 21 1017:1018 arg1 % 984:984 271 and 446% 973:984 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively 973:1032 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 5 20 from 21 1017:1018 arg1 values 999:1004 prepartum values 989:1004 prepartum values 989:1004 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 1 21 from increases 348:356 arg1 β-hydroxybutyrate 391:407 β-hydroxybutyrate 391:407 β-hydroxybutyrate 391:407 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 1 21 from increases 348:356 arg1 acids 381:385 nonesterified fatty acids 361:385 nonesterified fatty acids 361:385 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 8 22 theme C 1376:1376 arg1 propionate 1378:1387 [1-(14)C]propionate 1369:1387 [1-(14)C]propionate 1369:1387 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 1 23 theme palmitate 201:209 arg1 metabolism 211:220 palmitate metabolism 201:220 palmitate metabolism 201:220 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 2 24 theme cows 569:572 arg1 total 536:540 a total 534:540 a total of 95 multiparous Holstein cows 534:572 Data from 3 previous experiments were used to address the study objectives, accounting for a total of 95 multiparous Holstein cows. 26233446 9 25 theme transition 1726:1735 arg1 period 1737:1742 the transition period 1722:1742 the transition period 1722:1742 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 1 26 from composition 232:242 arg1 propionate 186:195 hepatic propionate 178:195 hepatic propionate 178:195 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 1 26 from composition 232:242 arg1 metabolism 211:220 palmitate metabolism 201:220 palmitate metabolism 201:220 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 1 27 theme Holstein 124:131 arg1 cows 133:136 Multiparous Holstein cows 112:136 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) 112:143 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 1 27 theme Holstein 124:131 arg1 n=95 139:142 n=95 139:142 n=95 139:142 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 4 28 theme Hepatic 800:806 arg1 content 817:823 Hepatic glycogen content 800:823 Hepatic glycogen content 800:823 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 0 29 from cows 106:109 arg1 slices 77:82 liver slices 71:82 liver slices from transition dairy cows 71:109 Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows. 26233446 0 29 from cows 106:109 arg1 metabolism 29:38 hepatic metabolism 21:38 hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows 21:109 Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows. 26233446 1 30 from changes 167:173 arg1 propionate 186:195 hepatic propionate 178:195 hepatic propionate 178:195 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 1 30 from changes 167:173 arg1 metabolism 211:220 palmitate metabolism 201:220 palmitate metabolism 201:220 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 4 31 theme 26.9 854:857 arg1 % 867:867 26.9 and 36.5% 854:867 % 867:867 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 4 31 theme 26.9 854:857 arg1 values 882:887 prepartum values 872:887 prepartum values 872:887 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 9 32 theme increased 1755:1763 arg1 oxidation 1784:1792 increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation 1755:1792 increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation 1755:1792 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 9 32 theme increased 1755:1763 arg1 14 1769:1770 14 1769:1770 14 1769:1770 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 0 33 theme hepatic 21:27 arg1 metabolism 29:38 hepatic metabolism 21:38 hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows 21:109 Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows. 26233446 4 34 theme 36.5 863:866 arg1 % 867:867 26.9 and 36.5% 854:867 % 867:867 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 4 34 theme 36.5 863:866 arg1 values 882:887 prepartum values 872:887 prepartum values 872:887 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 4 35 from 21 900:901 arg1 % 867:867 26.9 and 36.5% 854:867 % 867:867 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 4 35 from 21 900:901 arg1 values 882:887 prepartum values 872:887 prepartum values 872:887 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 36 from % 1529:1529 arg1 21 1443:1444 21 1443:1444 21 1443:1444 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 36 from % 1529:1529 arg1 d 1554:1554 d 1 and 21 1554:1563 d 1554:1554 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 36 from % 1529:1529 arg1 21 1562:1563 21 1562:1563 21 1562:1563 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 36 from % 1529:1529 arg1 d 1435:1435 d 1 and 21 1435:1444 d 1435:1435 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 0 37 theme transition 89:98 arg1 cows 106:109 transition dairy cows 89:109 transition dairy cows 89:109 Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows. 26233446 7 38 from % 1285:1285 arg1 d 1310:1310 d 1 and 21 1310:1319 d 1310:1310 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 7 38 from % 1285:1285 arg1 21 1318:1319 21 1318:1319 21 1318:1319 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 2 39 from experiments 464:474 arg1 Data 443:446 Data 443:446 Data from 3 previous experiments 443:474 Data from 3 previous experiments were used to address the study objectives, accounting for a total of 95 multiparous Holstein cows. 26233446 10 40 theme transition 2009:2018 arg1 period 2020:2025 the transition period 2005:2025 the transition period 2005:2025 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 1 41 theme nonesterified 361:373 arg1 acids 381:385 nonesterified fatty acids 361:385 nonesterified fatty acids 361:385 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 8 42 theme values 1425:1430 arg1 % 1410:1410 127 and 83% 1400:1410 127 and 83% of prepartum values 1400:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 42 theme values 1425:1430 arg1 values 1544:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 42 theme values 1425:1430 arg1 capacity 1340:1347 The capacity 1336:1347 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 1336:1394 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 42 theme values 1425:1430 arg1 values 1425:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 42 theme values 1425:1430 arg1 % 1529:1529 126 and 85% 1519:1529 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively 1519:1577 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 42 theme values 1425:1430 arg1 capacity 1455:1462 the capacity 1451:1462 the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose 1451:1513 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 2 43 theme previous 455:462 arg1 experiments 464:474 3 previous experiments 453:474 3 previous experiments 453:474 Data from 3 previous experiments were used to address the study objectives, accounting for a total of 95 multiparous Holstein cows. 26233446 1 44 theme transition 265:274 arg1 period 276:281 the transition period 261:281 the transition period 261:281 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 10 45 with Cows 1885:1888 arg1 oxidation 1925:1933 increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1895:1933 increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1895:1933 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 10 45 with Cows 1885:1888 arg1 14 1909:1910 14 1909:1910 14 1909:1910 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 10 46 theme increased 1895:1903 arg1 oxidation 1925:1933 increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1895:1933 increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1895:1933 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 10 46 theme increased 1895:1903 arg1 14 1909:1910 14 1909:1910 14 1909:1910 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 8 47 theme prepartum 1534:1542 arg1 values 1544:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 4 48 from d 892:892 arg1 % 867:867 26.9 and 36.5% 854:867 % 867:867 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 4 48 from d 892:892 arg1 values 882:887 prepartum values 872:887 prepartum values 872:887 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 3 49 theme relative 622:629 arg1 d 605:605 d -21, 1, and 21 605:620 d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition 605:644 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 11 50 theme hepatic 2176:2182 arg1 metabolism 2195:2204 impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism 2156:2204 impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism 2156:2204 Overall, conditions that lead to impairments in fatty acid metabolism during the transition period appear to be associated with impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism. 26233446 4 51 from values 882:887 arg1 d 892:892 d 1 and 21 892:901 d 892:892 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 4 51 from values 882:887 arg1 21 900:901 21 900:901 21 900:901 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 4 52 theme values 882:887 arg1 % 867:867 26.9 and 36.5% 854:867 % 867:867 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 4 52 theme values 882:887 arg1 values 882:887 prepartum values 872:887 prepartum values 872:887 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 2 53 theme study 501:505 arg1 objectives 507:516 the study objectives 497:516 the study objectives 497:516 Data from 3 previous experiments were used to address the study objectives, accounting for a total of 95 multiparous Holstein cows. 26233446 9 54 theme liver 1657:1661 arg1 content 1676:1682 elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1638:1682 elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1638:1682 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 0 55 from metabolism 29:38 arg1 slices 77:82 liver slices 71:82 liver slices from transition dairy cows 71:109 Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows. 26233446 0 55 from metabolism 29:38 arg1 cows 106:109 transition dairy cows 89:109 transition dairy cows 89:109 Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows. 26233446 11 56 theme acid 2082:2085 arg1 metabolism 2087:2096 fatty acid metabolism 2076:2096 fatty acid metabolism 2076:2096 Overall, conditions that lead to impairments in fatty acid metabolism during the transition period appear to be associated with impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism. 26233446 6 57 theme prepartum 1190:1198 arg1 values 1200:1205 prepartum values 1190:1205 prepartum values 1190:1205 We detected no difference in the capacity for the liver to oxidize [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 between d -21 and d 1; however, on d 21, oxidation was 84% of prepartum values. 26233446 1 58 theme liver 226:230 arg1 composition 232:242 liver composition 226:242 liver composition 226:242 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 6 59 from % 1185:1185 arg1 d 1163:1163 d 21 1163:1166 d 21 1163:1166 We detected no difference in the capacity for the liver to oxidize [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 between d -21 and d 1; however, on d 21, oxidation was 84% of prepartum values. 26233446 9 60 with cows 1628:1631 arg1 content 1676:1682 elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1638:1682 elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1638:1682 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 9 61 theme prepartum 1647:1655 arg1 content 1676:1682 elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1638:1682 elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1638:1682 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 5 62 from d 1009:1009 arg1 % 984:984 271 and 446% 973:984 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively 973:1032 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 5 62 from d 1009:1009 arg1 values 999:1004 prepartum values 989:1004 prepartum values 989:1004 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 11 63 theme propionate 2184:2193 arg1 metabolism 2195:2204 impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism 2156:2204 impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism 2156:2204 Overall, conditions that lead to impairments in fatty acid metabolism during the transition period appear to be associated with impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism. 26233446 9 64 theme triglyceride 1663:1674 arg1 content 1676:1682 elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1638:1682 elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1638:1682 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 5 65 from values 999:1004 arg1 d 1009:1009 d 1 and 21 1009:1018 d 1009:1009 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 5 65 from values 999:1004 arg1 21 1017:1018 21 1017:1018 21 1017:1018 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 66 theme liver 1352:1356 arg1 % 1410:1410 127 and 83% 1400:1410 127 and 83% of prepartum values 1400:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 66 theme liver 1352:1356 arg1 values 1425:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 66 theme liver 1352:1356 arg1 capacity 1340:1347 The capacity 1336:1347 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 1336:1394 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 66 theme liver 1352:1356 arg1 values 1544:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 7 67 theme values 1300:1305 arg1 capacity 1212:1219 The capacity 1208:1219 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP 1208:1268 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 7 67 theme values 1300:1305 arg1 % 1285:1285 148 and 139% 1274:1285 148 and 139% of prepartum values 1274:1305 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 7 67 theme values 1300:1305 arg1 values 1300:1305 prepartum values 1290:1305 prepartum values 1290:1305 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 10 68 theme propionate 1914:1923 arg1 oxidation 1925:1933 increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1895:1933 increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1895:1933 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 10 68 theme propionate 1914:1923 arg1 14 1909:1910 14 1909:1910 14 1909:1910 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 1 69 theme hepatic 178:184 arg1 propionate 186:195 hepatic propionate 178:195 hepatic propionate 178:195 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 4 70 theme glycogen 808:815 arg1 content 817:823 Hepatic glycogen content 800:823 Hepatic glycogen content 800:823 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 10 71 theme [1- 1963:1965 arg1 propionate 1972:1981 [1-(14)C]propionate 1963:1981 [1-(14)C]propionate 1963:1981 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 8 72 theme [1- 1484:1486 arg1 propionate 1493:1502 [1-(14)C]propionate 1484:1502 [1-(14)C]propionate 1484:1502 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 5 73 theme triglyceride 924:935 arg1 content 937:943 Liver triglyceride content 918:943 Liver triglyceride content 918:943 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 11 74 theme postpartum 2165:2174 arg1 metabolism 2195:2204 impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism 2156:2204 impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism 2156:2204 Overall, conditions that lead to impairments in fatty acid metabolism during the transition period appear to be associated with impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism. 26233446 4 75 from % 867:867 arg1 d 892:892 d 1 and 21 892:901 d 892:892 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 4 75 from % 867:867 arg1 21 900:901 21 900:901 21 900:901 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 1 76 theme Multiparous 112:122 arg1 cows 133:136 Multiparous Holstein cows 112:136 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) 112:143 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 1 76 theme Multiparous 112:122 arg1 n=95 139:142 n=95 139:142 n=95 139:142 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 9 77 contain had 1684:1686 arg1 cows 1628:1631 cows 1628:1631 cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content 1628:1682 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 9 77 contain had 1684:1686 arg2 triglycerides 1697:1709 elevated triglycerides 1688:1709 elevated triglycerides 1688:1709 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 8 78 from % 1410:1410 arg1 21 1443:1444 21 1443:1444 21 1443:1444 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 78 from % 1410:1410 arg1 d 1554:1554 d 1 and 21 1554:1563 d 1554:1554 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 78 from % 1410:1410 arg1 21 1562:1563 21 1562:1563 21 1562:1563 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 78 from % 1410:1410 arg1 d 1435:1435 d 1 and 21 1435:1444 d 1435:1435 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 79 theme C 1491:1491 arg1 propionate 1493:1502 [1-(14)C]propionate 1484:1502 [1-(14)C]propionate 1484:1502 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 1 80 theme periparturient 420:433 arg1 period 435:440 the periparturient period 416:440 the periparturient period 416:440 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 3 81 theme C 767:767 arg1 propionate 769:778 [1-(14)C]propionate 760:778 [1-(14)C]propionate 760:778 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 2 82 theme Holstein 560:567 arg1 cows 569:572 95 multiparous Holstein cows 545:572 95 multiparous Holstein cows 545:572 Data from 3 previous experiments were used to address the study objectives, accounting for a total of 95 multiparous Holstein cows. 26233446 11 83 theme transition 2109:2118 arg1 period 2120:2125 the transition period 2105:2125 the transition period 2105:2125 Overall, conditions that lead to impairments in fatty acid metabolism during the transition period appear to be associated with impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism. 26233446 0 84 theme liver 71:75 arg1 slices 77:82 liver slices 71:82 liver slices from transition dairy cows 71:109 Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows. 26233446 3 85 theme propionate 769:778 arg1 conversion 746:755 the conversion 742:755 the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose 742:797 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 3 85 theme propionate 769:778 arg1 EP 734:735 EP 734:735 EP 734:735 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 3 85 theme propionate 769:778 arg1 CO2 705:707 CO2 705:707 CO2 705:707 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 3 85 theme propionate 769:778 arg1 products 724:731 esterified products 713:731 esterified products 713:731 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 7 86 theme palmitate 1254:1262 arg1 [1- 1245:1247 [1- 1245:1247 [1-(14)C]palmitate 1245:1262 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 87 dep capacity 1455:1462 arg1 convert 1476:1482 convert 1476:1482 to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose 1473:1513 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 88 from values 1544:1549 arg1 d 1554:1554 d 1 and 21 1554:1563 d 1554:1554 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 88 from values 1544:1549 arg1 21 1562:1563 21 1562:1563 21 1562:1563 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 9 89 theme [1- 1765:1767 arg1 oxidation 1784:1792 increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation 1755:1792 increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation 1755:1792 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 9 89 theme [1- 1765:1767 arg1 14 1769:1770 14 1769:1770 14 1769:1770 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 1 90 theme variables 322:330 arg1 relationships 299:311 the relationships 295:311 the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period 295:440 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 10 91 theme propionate 1972:1981 arg1 conversion 1949:1958 increased conversion 1939:1958 increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose 1939:1992 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 11 92 theme fatty 2076:2080 arg1 metabolism 2087:2096 fatty acid metabolism 2076:2096 fatty acid metabolism 2076:2096 Overall, conditions that lead to impairments in fatty acid metabolism during the transition period appear to be associated with impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism. 26233446 3 93 theme [1- 760:762 arg1 propionate 769:778 [1-(14)C]propionate 760:778 [1-(14)C]propionate 760:778 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 0 94 theme dairy 100:104 arg1 cows 106:109 transition dairy cows 89:109 transition dairy cows 89:109 Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows. 26233446 1 95 theme cumulative 337:346 arg1 increases 348:356 cumulative increases 337:356 cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period 337:440 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 10 96 contain had 1935:1937 arg2 conversion 1949:1958 increased conversion 1939:1958 increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose 1939:1992 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 10 96 contain had 1935:1937 arg1 Cows 1885:1888 Cows 1885:1888 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1885:1933 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 1 97 with variables 322:330 arg1 increases 348:356 cumulative increases 337:356 cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period 337:440 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 9 98 theme C 1772:1772 arg1 oxidation 1784:1792 increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation 1755:1792 increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation 1755:1792 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 9 98 theme C 1772:1772 arg1 14 1769:1770 14 1769:1770 14 1769:1770 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 8 99 from d 1554:1554 arg1 % 1410:1410 127 and 83% 1400:1410 127 and 83% of prepartum values 1400:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 99 from d 1554:1554 arg1 values 1544:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 99 from d 1554:1554 arg1 capacity 1340:1347 The capacity 1336:1347 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 1336:1394 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 99 from d 1554:1554 arg1 values 1425:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 99 from d 1554:1554 arg1 % 1529:1529 126 and 85% 1519:1529 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively 1519:1577 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 99 from d 1554:1554 arg1 capacity 1455:1462 the capacity 1451:1462 the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose 1451:1513 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 9 100 theme palmitate 1774:1782 arg1 oxidation 1784:1792 increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation 1755:1792 increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation 1755:1792 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 9 100 theme palmitate 1774:1782 arg1 14 1769:1770 14 1769:1770 14 1769:1770 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 1 101 theme fatty 375:379 arg1 acids 381:385 nonesterified fatty acids 361:385 nonesterified fatty acids 361:385 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. 26233446 11 102 from impairments 2061:2071 arg1 metabolism 2087:2096 fatty acid metabolism 2076:2096 fatty acid metabolism 2076:2096 Overall, conditions that lead to impairments in fatty acid metabolism during the transition period appear to be associated with impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism. 26233446 8 103 theme prepartum 1415:1423 arg1 values 1425:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 10 104 theme [1- 1905:1907 arg1 oxidation 1925:1933 increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1895:1933 increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1895:1933 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 10 104 theme [1- 1905:1907 arg1 14 1909:1910 14 1909:1910 14 1909:1910 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 8 105 theme values 1544:1549 arg1 % 1410:1410 127 and 83% 1400:1410 127 and 83% of prepartum values 1400:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 105 theme values 1544:1549 arg1 values 1544:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 105 theme values 1544:1549 arg1 capacity 1340:1347 The capacity 1336:1347 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 1336:1394 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 105 theme values 1544:1549 arg1 values 1425:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 105 theme values 1544:1549 arg1 % 1529:1529 126 and 85% 1519:1529 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively 1519:1577 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 105 theme values 1544:1549 arg1 capacity 1455:1462 the capacity 1451:1462 the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose 1451:1513 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 3 106 from biopsies 593:600 arg1 slices 581:586 Liver slices 575:586 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition 575:644 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 3 106 from biopsies 593:600 arg1 d 605:605 d -21, 1, and 21 605:620 d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition 605:644 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 0 107 theme propionate 43:52 arg1 metabolism 29:38 hepatic metabolism 21:38 hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows 21:109 Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows. 26233446 10 108 theme C 1912:1912 arg1 oxidation 1925:1933 increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1895:1933 increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation 1895:1933 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 10 108 theme C 1912:1912 arg1 14 1909:1910 14 1909:1910 14 1909:1910 Cows with increased [1-(14)C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. 26233446 0 109 theme palmitate 58:66 arg1 metabolism 29:38 hepatic metabolism 21:38 hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows 21:109 Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows. 26233446 4 110 theme prepartum 872:880 arg1 values 882:887 prepartum values 872:887 prepartum values 872:887 Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d -21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 3 111 used used 651:654 arg2 slices 581:586 Liver slices 575:586 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition 575:644 Liver slices from biopsies on d -21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 and glucose. 26233446 9 112 theme Correlation 1580:1590 arg1 relationships 1592:1604 Correlation relationships 1580:1604 Correlation relationships 1580:1604 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 9 113 theme decreased 1821:1829 arg1 propensity 1831:1840 a decreased propensity 1819:1840 a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose 1819:1882 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 26233446 5 114 theme prepartum 989:997 arg1 values 999:1004 prepartum values 989:1004 prepartum values 989:1004 Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d -21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 7 115 theme liver 1228:1232 arg1 capacity 1212:1219 The capacity 1208:1219 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP 1208:1268 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 7 115 theme liver 1228:1232 arg1 % 1285:1285 148 and 139% 1274:1285 148 and 139% of prepartum values 1274:1305 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 7 115 theme liver 1228:1232 arg1 values 1300:1305 prepartum values 1290:1305 prepartum values 1290:1305 The capacity of the liver to convert [1-(14)C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 116 from 21 1562:1563 arg1 % 1410:1410 127 and 83% 1400:1410 127 and 83% of prepartum values 1400:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 116 from 21 1562:1563 arg1 values 1544:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 prepartum values 1534:1549 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 116 from 21 1562:1563 arg1 capacity 1340:1347 The capacity 1336:1347 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 1336:1394 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 116 from 21 1562:1563 arg1 values 1425:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 prepartum values 1415:1430 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 116 from 21 1562:1563 arg1 % 1529:1529 126 and 85% 1519:1529 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively 1519:1577 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 8 116 from 21 1562:1563 arg1 capacity 1455:1462 the capacity 1451:1462 the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose 1451:1513 The capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to CO2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. 26233446 6 117 theme values 1200:1205 arg1 % 1185:1185 84% 1183:1185 84% of prepartum values 1183:1205 We detected no difference in the capacity for the liver to oxidize [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 between d -21 and d 1; however, on d 21, oxidation was 84% of prepartum values. 26233446 6 117 theme values 1200:1205 arg1 values 1200:1205 prepartum values 1190:1205 prepartum values 1190:1205 We detected no difference in the capacity for the liver to oxidize [1-(14)C]palmitate to CO2 between d -21 and d 1; however, on d 21, oxidation was 84% of prepartum values. 26233446 9 118 theme [1- 1853:1855 arg1 propionate 1862:1871 [1-(14)C]propionate 1853:1871 [1-(14)C]propionate 1853:1871 Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1-(14)C]propionate to glucose. 25451745 3 0 theme solvent 698:704 arg1 use 680:682 the use 676:682 the use of an organic solvent 676:704 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle was successfully fabricated using a spray-drying process with water, HPMC, and TPGS, and without the use of an organic solvent. 25451745 6 1 theme effective 1288:1296 arg1 modification 1228:1239 the surface modification 1216:1239 the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS 1216:1276 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 1 theme effective 1288:1296 arg1 strategy 1310:1317 an effective formulation strategy 1285:1317 an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution 1285:1448 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 5 2 from ratio 989:993 arg1 drug/HPMC/TPGS 960:973 drug/HPMC/TPGS 960:973 drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 960:1006 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 5 3 from composition 1048:1058 arg1 preparation 1067:1077 the preparation 1063:1077 the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 1063:1125 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 2 4 theme solubility 351:360 arg1 tests 362:366 the preliminary solubility tests 335:366 the preliminary solubility tests 335:366 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 1 5 theme hydrophilic 254:264 arg1 polymer 266:272 a hydrophilic polymer 252:272 a hydrophilic polymer 252:272 This study was undertaken to improve the solubility and dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib, by surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant by using a spray-drying technique. 25451745 6 6 theme ingredients 1386:1396 arg1 forms 1334:1338 new dosage forms 1323:1338 new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 1323:1403 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 4 7 theme scanning 811:818 arg1 microscopy 829:838 scanning electron microscopy 811:838 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 811:844 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 4 7 theme scanning 811:818 arg1 SEM 841:843 SEM 841:843 SEM 841:843 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 4 8 theme particle 882:889 arg1 analyzer 896:903 a particle size analyzer 880:903 a particle size analyzer 880:903 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 6 9 mod modification 1228:1239 arg3 surface 1220:1226 the surface modification 1216:1239 the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS 1216:1276 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 9 mod modification 1228:1239 arg1 microparticles 1244:1257 microparticles 1244:1257 microparticles with HPMC and TPGS 1244:1276 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 3 10 theme surface-modified 538:553 arg1 microparticle 565:577 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 530:577 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 530:577 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle was successfully fabricated using a spray-drying process with water, HPMC, and TPGS, and without the use of an organic solvent. 25451745 4 11 theme surface-modified 745:760 arg1 microparticle 772:784 the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 741:784 the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 741:784 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 6 12 theme pharmaceutical 1371:1384 arg1 APIs 1399:1402 APIs 1399:1402 APIs 1399:1402 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 12 theme pharmaceutical 1371:1384 arg1 ingredients 1386:1396 active pharmaceutical ingredients 1364:1396 poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 1343:1403 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 5 13 theme celecoxib 1103:1111 arg1 microparticle 1113:1125 the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 1082:1125 the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 1082:1125 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 4 14 theme microparticle 772:784 arg1 properties 727:736 The physicochemical properties 707:736 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 707:784 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 3 15 theme celecoxib 555:563 arg1 microparticle 565:577 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 530:577 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 530:577 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle was successfully fabricated using a spray-drying process with water, HPMC, and TPGS, and without the use of an organic solvent. 25451745 6 16 theme active 1364:1369 arg1 APIs 1399:1402 APIs 1399:1402 APIs 1399:1402 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 16 theme active 1364:1369 arg1 ingredients 1386:1396 active pharmaceutical ingredients 1364:1396 poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 1343:1403 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 5 17 theme microparticle 1113:1125 arg1 preparation 1067:1077 the preparation 1063:1077 the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 1063:1125 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 5 18 theme weight 982:987 arg1 ratio 989:993 the weight ratio 978:993 the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 978:1006 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 3 19 with process 628:634 arg1 water 641:645 water 641:645 water 641:645 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle was successfully fabricated using a spray-drying process with water, HPMC, and TPGS, and without the use of an organic solvent. 25451745 4 20 theme X-ray 854:858 arg1 PXRD 873:876 PXRD 873:876 PXRD 873:876 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 4 20 theme X-ray 854:858 arg1 diffraction 860:870 powder X-ray diffraction 847:870 powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) 847:877 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 3 21 theme novel 532:536 arg1 microparticle 565:577 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 530:577 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 530:577 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle was successfully fabricated using a spray-drying process with water, HPMC, and TPGS, and without the use of an organic solvent. 25451745 5 22 theme 1:0.5:1.5 998:1006 arg1 ratio 989:993 the weight ratio 978:993 the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 978:1006 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 1 23 theme water-soluble 192:204 arg1 celecoxib 212:220 celecoxib 212:220 celecoxib 212:220 This study was undertaken to improve the solubility and dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib, by surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant by using a spray-drying technique. 25451745 1 23 theme water-soluble 192:204 arg1 drug 206:209 a poorly water-soluble drug 183:209 a poorly water-soluble drug 183:209 This study was undertaken to improve the solubility and dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib, by surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant by using a spray-drying technique. 25451745 5 24 theme dissolution 1181:1191 arg1 studies 1193:1199 wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies 1152:1199 wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies 1152:1199 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 4 25 theme angle 918:922 arg1 determination 924:936 contact angle determination 910:936 contact angle determination 910:936 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 4 26 theme celecoxib 762:770 arg1 microparticle 772:784 the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 741:784 the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 741:784 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 6 27 theme microparticles 1244:1257 arg1 modification 1228:1239 the surface modification 1216:1239 the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS 1216:1276 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 27 theme microparticles 1244:1257 arg1 strategy 1310:1317 an effective formulation strategy 1285:1317 an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution 1285:1448 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 1 28 theme drug 206:209 arg1 solubility 153:162 solubility 153:162 solubility 153:162 This study was undertaken to improve the solubility and dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib, by surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant by using a spray-drying technique. 25451745 1 28 theme drug 206:209 arg1 dissolution 168:178 dissolution 168:178 dissolution 168:178 This study was undertaken to improve the solubility and dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib, by surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant by using a spray-drying technique. 25451745 5 29 with formulation 943:953 arg1 drug/HPMC/TPGS 960:973 drug/HPMC/TPGS 960:973 drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 960:1006 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 5 30 theme studies 1193:1199 arg1 results 1141:1147 the results 1137:1147 the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies 1137:1199 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 4 31 theme contact 910:916 arg1 determination 924:936 contact angle determination 910:936 contact angle determination 910:936 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 1 32 dep solubility 153:162 arg1 the 149:151 the 149:151 the 149:151 This study was undertaken to improve the solubility and dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib, by surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant by using a spray-drying technique. 25451745 2 33 theme polyethylene 425:436 arg1 cellulose 389:397 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 369:397 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) 369:404 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 33 theme polyethylene 425:436 arg1 polymer 488:494 the polymer 484:494 the polymer 484:494 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 33 theme polyethylene 425:436 arg1 surfactant 504:513 the surfactant 500:513 the surfactant 500:513 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 33 theme polyethylene 425:436 arg1 glycol 438:443 D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 410:448 D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 410:448 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 0 34 theme microparticle 40:52 arg1 surface 54:60 celecoxib microparticle surface 30:60 celecoxib microparticle surface 30:60 Fabrication and evaluation of celecoxib microparticle surface modified by hydrophilic cellulose and surfactant. 25451745 3 35 theme spray-drying 615:626 arg1 process 628:634 a spray-drying process 613:634 a spray-drying process with water, HPMC, and TPGS, and without the use of an organic solvent 613:704 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle was successfully fabricated using a spray-drying process with water, HPMC, and TPGS, and without the use of an organic solvent. 25451745 2 36 theme D-α-tocopheryl 410:423 arg1 cellulose 389:397 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 369:397 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) 369:404 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 36 theme D-α-tocopheryl 410:423 arg1 polymer 488:494 the polymer 484:494 the polymer 484:494 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 36 theme D-α-tocopheryl 410:423 arg1 surfactant 504:513 the surfactant 500:513 the surfactant 500:513 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 36 theme D-α-tocopheryl 410:423 arg1 glycol 438:443 D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 410:448 D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 410:448 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 0 37 theme celecoxib 30:38 arg1 surface 54:60 celecoxib microparticle surface 30:60 celecoxib microparticle surface 30:60 Fabrication and evaluation of celecoxib microparticle surface modified by hydrophilic cellulose and surfactant. 25451745 5 38 theme wettability 1152:1162 arg1 studies 1193:1199 wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies 1152:1199 wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies 1152:1199 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 6 39 theme dosage 1327:1332 arg1 forms 1334:1338 new dosage forms 1323:1338 new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 1323:1403 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 40 theme water-soluble 1350:1362 arg1 APIs 1399:1402 APIs 1399:1402 APIs 1399:1402 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 40 theme water-soluble 1350:1362 arg1 ingredients 1386:1396 active pharmaceutical ingredients 1364:1396 poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 1343:1403 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 41 theme higher 1416:1421 arg1 solubility 1423:1432 higher solubility 1416:1432 higher solubility 1416:1432 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 1 42 theme spray-drying 302:313 arg1 technique 315:323 a spray-drying technique 300:323 a spray-drying technique 300:323 This study was undertaken to improve the solubility and dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib, by surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant by using a spray-drying technique. 25451745 6 43 theme new 1323:1325 arg1 forms 1334:1338 new dosage forms 1323:1338 new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 1323:1403 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 5 44 theme surface-modified 1086:1101 arg1 microparticle 1113:1125 the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 1082:1125 the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 1082:1125 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 4 45 theme powder 847:852 arg1 PXRD 873:876 PXRD 873:876 PXRD 873:876 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 4 45 theme powder 847:852 arg1 diffraction 860:870 powder X-ray diffraction 847:870 powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) 847:877 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 2 46 theme preliminary 339:349 arg1 tests 362:366 the preliminary solubility tests 335:366 the preliminary solubility tests 335:366 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 0 47 theme surface 54:60 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Fabrication and evaluation of celecoxib microparticle surface modified by hydrophilic cellulose and surfactant. 25451745 0 47 theme surface 54:60 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication and evaluation of celecoxib microparticle surface modified by hydrophilic cellulose and surfactant. 25451745 5 48 theme solubility 1165:1174 arg1 studies 1193:1199 wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies 1152:1199 wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies 1152:1199 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 4 49 theme size 891:894 arg1 analyzer 896:903 a particle size analyzer 880:903 a particle size analyzer 880:903 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 5 50 theme effective 1038:1046 arg1 composition 1048:1058 the most effective composition 1029:1058 the most effective composition 1029:1058 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 5 50 theme effective 1038:1046 arg1 formulation 943:953 The formulation 939:953 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 939:1006 The formulation with drug/HPMC/TPGS at the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1.5 was determined to be the most effective composition in the preparation of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle, based on the results of wettability, solubility, and dissolution studies. 25451745 6 51 theme surface 1220:1226 arg1 modification 1228:1239 the surface modification 1216:1239 the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS 1216:1276 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 51 theme surface 1220:1226 arg1 strategy 1310:1317 an effective formulation strategy 1285:1317 an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution 1285:1448 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 4 52 theme electron 820:827 arg1 microscopy 829:838 scanning electron microscopy 811:838 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 811:844 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 4 52 theme electron 820:827 arg1 SEM 841:843 SEM 841:843 SEM 841:843 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 6 53 theme formulation 1298:1308 arg1 modification 1228:1239 the surface modification 1216:1239 the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS 1216:1276 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 53 theme formulation 1298:1308 arg1 strategy 1310:1317 an effective formulation strategy 1285:1317 an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution 1285:1448 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 2 54 dep cellulose 389:397 arg1 TPGS 461:464 TPGS 461:464 TPGS 461:464 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 54 dep cellulose 389:397 arg1 succinate 450:458 succinate 450:458 succinate (TPGS) 450:465 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 1 55 with modification 234:245 arg1 polymer 266:272 a hydrophilic polymer 252:272 a hydrophilic polymer 252:272 This study was undertaken to improve the solubility and dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib, by surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant by using a spray-drying technique. 25451745 1 55 with modification 234:245 arg1 surfactant 280:289 a surfactant 278:289 a surfactant 278:289 This study was undertaken to improve the solubility and dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib, by surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant by using a spray-drying technique. 25451745 4 56 theme physicochemical 711:725 arg1 properties 727:736 The physicochemical properties 707:736 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle 707:784 The physicochemical properties of the surface-modified celecoxib microparticle were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), a particle size analyzer, and contact angle determination. 25451745 1 57 theme surface 226:232 arg1 modification 234:245 surface modification 226:245 surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant 226:289 This study was undertaken to improve the solubility and dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib, by surface modification with a hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant by using a spray-drying technique. 25451745 0 58 theme hydrophilic 74:84 arg1 cellulose 86:94 hydrophilic cellulose 74:94 hydrophilic cellulose 74:94 Fabrication and evaluation of celecoxib microparticle surface modified by hydrophilic cellulose and surfactant. 25451745 2 59 theme hydroxypropylmethyl 369:387 arg1 HPMC 400:403 HPMC 400:403 HPMC 400:403 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 59 theme hydroxypropylmethyl 369:387 arg1 cellulose 389:397 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 369:397 hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) 369:404 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 59 theme hydroxypropylmethyl 369:387 arg1 polymer 488:494 the polymer 484:494 the polymer 484:494 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 59 theme hydroxypropylmethyl 369:387 arg1 surfactant 504:513 the surfactant 500:513 the surfactant 500:513 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 2 59 theme hydroxypropylmethyl 369:387 arg1 glycol 438:443 D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 410:448 D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 410:448 Based on the preliminary solubility tests, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected as the polymer and the surfactant, respectively. 25451745 6 60 with microparticles 1244:1257 arg1 TPGS 1273:1276 TPGS 1273:1276 TPGS 1273:1276 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 6 60 with microparticles 1244:1257 arg1 HPMC 1264:1267 HPMC 1264:1267 HPMC 1264:1267 We found that the surface modification of microparticles with HPMC and TPGS can be an effective formulation strategy for new dosage forms of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to provide higher solubility and dissolution. 25451745 3 61 theme organic 690:696 arg1 solvent 698:704 an organic solvent 687:704 an organic solvent 687:704 A novel surface-modified celecoxib microparticle was successfully fabricated using a spray-drying process with water, HPMC, and TPGS, and without the use of an organic solvent. 25028153 3 0 theme in vitro 693:700 arg1 digestion 702:710 in vitro digestion 693:710 in vitro digestion 693:710 The optimal formulation was physicochemically characterised throughout cold storage (28 days) and both probiotic survivals to in vitro digestion and proteolysis were quantified. 25028153 4 1 theme optimised 840:848 arg1 milk 857:860 the previously optimised almond milk 825:860 the previously optimised almond milk 825:860 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 1 2 theme versatile 214:222 arg1 foods 241:245 the current versatile health-promoting foods' 202:246 the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand 202:253 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics was considered to cover the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand. 25028153 4 3 theme 0.75 g 949:954 arg1 0.75 g 923:928 0.75 g 923:928 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum 923:1017 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 3 4 theme probiotic 670:678 arg1 survivals 680:688 both probiotic survivals 665:688 both probiotic survivals to in vitro digestion and proteolysis 665:726 The optimal formulation was physicochemically characterised throughout cold storage (28 days) and both probiotic survivals to in vitro digestion and proteolysis were quantified. 25028153 6 5 theme physical 1210:1217 arg1 properties 1219:1228 physical properties 1210:1228 physical properties 1210:1228 The fermentation process increased the viscosity values, forming a weak gel structure, whose physical properties hardly changed. 25028153 1 6 theme health-promoting 224:239 arg1 foods 241:245 the current versatile health-promoting foods' 202:246 the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand 202:253 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics was considered to cover the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand. 25028153 7 7 theme potential 1418:1426 arg1 benefits 1435:1442 the potential health benefits 1414:1442 the potential health benefits of its consumption 1414:1461 Probiotic bacteria notably survived (51%) to the in vitro digestion, surely related to the inulin presence, which would add value to the developed product by enhancing the potential health benefits of its consumption. 25028153 7 8 theme related 1322:1328 arg1 digestion 1304:1312 the in vitro digestion 1291:1312 the in vitro digestion 1291:1312 Probiotic bacteria notably survived (51%) to the in vitro digestion, surely related to the inulin presence, which would add value to the developed product by enhancing the potential health benefits of its consumption. 25028153 2 9 theme milk 263:266 arg1 fermentation 268:279 Almond milk fermentation 256:279 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus 256:347 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 4 10 theme almond 850:855 arg1 milk 857:860 the previously optimised almond milk 825:860 the previously optimised almond milk 825:860 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 2 11 theme Almond 256:261 arg1 fermentation 268:279 Almond milk fermentation 256:279 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus 256:347 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 4 12 theme fructose/100 mL 959:973 arg1 inoculum 1010:1017 6 mL/100 mL inoculum 998:1017 6 mL/100 mL inoculum 998:1017 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 4 12 theme fructose/100 mL 959:973 arg1 inulin 987:992 2 g/100 mL inulin 976:992 2 g/100 mL inulin 976:992 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 4 12 theme fructose/100 mL 959:973 arg1 0.75 g 949:954 0.75 g 949:954 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL 949:973 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 4 12 theme fructose/100 mL 959:973 arg1 glucose/100 mL 933:946 glucose/100 mL 933:946 glucose/100 mL 933:946 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 7 13 theme Probiotic 1246:1254 arg1 bacteria 1256:1263 Probiotic bacteria 1246:1263 Probiotic bacteria 1246:1263 Probiotic bacteria notably survived (51%) to the in vitro digestion, surely related to the inulin presence, which would add value to the developed product by enhancing the potential health benefits of its consumption. 25028153 2 14 theme surface 411:417 arg1 methodology 419:429 response surface methodology 402:429 response surface methodology 402:429 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 4 15 theme probiotic 772:780 arg1 population 782:791 a high probiotic population 765:791 a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) 765:807 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 4 15 theme probiotic 772:780 arg1 cfu/mL 801:806 >10(7) cfu/mL 794:806 >10(7) cfu/mL 794:806 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 4 16 theme 2 g/100 mL 976:985 arg1 inulin 987:992 2 g/100 mL inulin 976:992 2 g/100 mL inulin 976:992 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 7 17 theme developed 1383:1391 arg1 product 1393:1399 the developed product 1379:1399 the developed product 1379:1399 Probiotic bacteria notably survived (51%) to the in vitro digestion, surely related to the inulin presence, which would add value to the developed product by enhancing the potential health benefits of its consumption. 25028153 4 18 theme high 767:770 arg1 population 782:791 a high probiotic population 765:791 a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) 765:807 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 4 18 theme high 767:770 arg1 cfu/mL 801:806 >10(7) cfu/mL 794:806 >10(7) cfu/mL 794:806 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 2 19 theme Composite 380:388 arg1 design 390:395 a Central Composite design 370:395 a Central Composite design 370:395 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 4 20 theme 6 mL/100 mL 998:1008 arg1 inoculum 1010:1017 6 mL/100 mL inoculum 998:1017 6 mL/100 mL inoculum 998:1017 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 5 21 theme mannitol 1080:1087 arg1 production 1066:1075 the production 1062:1075 the production of mannitol by L. reuteri 1062:1101 Glucose was used as the main nutrient and the production of mannitol by L. reuteri was detected. 25028153 2 22 dep factors 446:452 arg1 factors 446:452 different factors 436:452 different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) 436:493 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 2 22 dep factors 446:452 arg1 glucose 455:461 glucose 455:461 glucose 455:461 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 2 22 dep factors 446:452 arg1 starters 485:492 starters 485:492 starters 485:492 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 2 22 dep factors 446:452 arg1 inulin 474:479 inulin 474:479 inulin 474:479 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 2 22 dep factors 446:452 arg1 fructose 464:471 fructose 464:471 fructose 464:471 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 6 23 theme fermentation 1121:1132 arg1 process 1134:1140 The fermentation process 1117:1140 The fermentation process 1117:1140 The fermentation process increased the viscosity values, forming a weak gel structure, whose physical properties hardly changed. 25028153 2 24 theme Central 372:378 arg1 design 390:395 a Central Composite design 370:395 a Central Composite design 370:395 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 2 25 theme different 436:444 arg1 glucose 455:461 glucose 455:461 glucose 455:461 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 2 25 theme different 436:444 arg1 factors 446:452 different factors 436:452 different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) 436:493 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 2 25 theme different 436:444 arg1 inulin 474:479 inulin 474:479 inulin 474:479 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 2 25 theme different 436:444 arg1 fructose 464:471 fructose 464:471 fructose 464:471 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 1 26 theme almonds 155:161 arg1 properties 136:145 the properties 132:145 the properties of both almonds and probiotics 132:176 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics was considered to cover the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand. 25028153 0 27 theme non-dairy 17:25 arg1 product 47:53 a non-dairy probiotic fermented product 15:53 a non-dairy probiotic fermented product 15:53 Development of a non-dairy probiotic fermented product based on almond milk and inulin. 25028153 5 28 used used 1032:1035 arg2 Glucose 1020:1026 Glucose 1020:1026 Glucose 1020:1026 Glucose was used as the main nutrient and the production of mannitol by L. reuteri was detected. 25028153 5 28 used used 1032:1035 arg2 nutrient 1049:1056 the main nutrient 1040:1056 the main nutrient 1040:1056 Glucose was used as the main nutrient and the production of mannitol by L. reuteri was detected. 25028153 0 29 dep almond 64:69 arg1 milk 71:74 milk 71:74 milk 71:74 Development of a non-dairy probiotic fermented product based on almond milk and inulin. 25028153 4 30 theme inoculum 1010:1017 arg1 0.75 g 923:928 0.75 g 923:928 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum 923:1017 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 2 31 theme probiotic 525:533 arg1 survivals 535:543 high probiotic survivals 520:543 high probiotic survivals in the final product 520:564 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 1 32 theme new 90:92 arg1 " 116:116 A new fermented almond "milk" 88:116 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics 88:176 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics was considered to cover the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand. 25028153 1 33 theme probiotics 167:176 arg1 properties 136:145 the properties 132:145 the properties of both almonds and probiotics 132:176 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics was considered to cover the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand. 25028153 0 34 theme fermented 37:45 arg1 product 47:53 a non-dairy probiotic fermented product 15:53 a non-dairy probiotic fermented product 15:53 Development of a non-dairy probiotic fermented product based on almond milk and inulin. 25028153 2 35 theme high 520:523 arg1 survivals 535:543 high probiotic survivals 520:543 high probiotic survivals in the final product 520:564 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 5 36 theme main 1044:1047 arg1 Glucose 1020:1026 Glucose 1020:1026 Glucose 1020:1026 Glucose was used as the main nutrient and the production of mannitol by L. reuteri was detected. 25028153 5 36 theme main 1044:1047 arg1 nutrient 1049:1056 the main nutrient 1040:1056 the main nutrient 1040:1056 Glucose was used as the main nutrient and the production of mannitol by L. reuteri was detected. 25028153 3 37 theme optimal 571:577 arg1 formulation 579:589 The optimal formulation 567:589 The optimal formulation 567:589 The optimal formulation was physicochemically characterised throughout cold storage (28 days) and both probiotic survivals to in vitro digestion and proteolysis were quantified. 25028153 2 38 theme response 402:409 arg1 methodology 419:429 response surface methodology 402:429 response surface methodology 402:429 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 0 39 theme probiotic 27:35 arg1 product 47:53 a non-dairy probiotic fermented product 15:53 a non-dairy probiotic fermented product 15:53 Development of a non-dairy probiotic fermented product based on almond milk and inulin. 25028153 2 40 with fermentation 268:279 arg1 thermophilus 336:347 Streptococcus thermophilus 322:347 Streptococcus thermophilus 322:347 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 2 40 with fermentation 268:279 arg1 Lactobacillus 296:308 Lactobacillus 296:308 Lactobacillus 296:308 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 3 41 theme cold 638:641 arg1 storage 643:649 cold storage 638:649 cold storage (28 days) 638:659 The optimal formulation was physicochemically characterised throughout cold storage (28 days) and both probiotic survivals to in vitro digestion and proteolysis were quantified. 25028153 3 41 theme cold 638:641 arg1 days 655:658 28 days 652:658 28 days 652:658 The optimal formulation was physicochemically characterised throughout cold storage (28 days) and both probiotic survivals to in vitro digestion and proteolysis were quantified. 25028153 7 42 theme inulin 1337:1342 arg1 presence 1344:1351 the inulin presence 1333:1351 the inulin presence 1333:1351 Probiotic bacteria notably survived (51%) to the in vitro digestion, surely related to the inulin presence, which would add value to the developed product by enhancing the potential health benefits of its consumption. 25028153 4 43 theme 0.75 g 923:928 arg1 addition 911:918 the addition 907:918 the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum 907:1017 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 4 44 theme inulin 987:992 arg1 0.75 g 923:928 0.75 g 923:928 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum 923:1017 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 4 45 theme storage 873:879 arg1 time 881:884 storage time 873:884 storage time 873:884 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 6 46 theme gel 1189:1191 arg1 structure 1193:1201 a weak gel structure 1182:1201 a weak gel structure 1182:1201 The fermentation process increased the viscosity values, forming a weak gel structure, whose physical properties hardly changed. 25028153 1 47 theme fermented 94:102 arg1 " 116:116 A new fermented almond "milk" 88:116 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics 88:176 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics was considered to cover the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand. 25028153 0 48 theme product 47:53 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of a non-dairy probiotic fermented product 0:53 Development of a non-dairy probiotic fermented product based on almond milk and inulin. 25028153 2 49 theme final 552:556 arg1 product 558:564 the final product 548:564 the final product 548:564 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 7 50 theme consumption 1451:1461 arg1 benefits 1435:1442 the potential health benefits 1414:1442 the potential health benefits of its consumption 1414:1461 Probiotic bacteria notably survived (51%) to the in vitro digestion, surely related to the inulin presence, which would add value to the developed product by enhancing the potential health benefits of its consumption. 25028153 6 51 theme weak 1184:1187 arg1 structure 1193:1201 a weak gel structure 1182:1201 a weak gel structure 1182:1201 The fermentation process increased the viscosity values, forming a weak gel structure, whose physical properties hardly changed. 25028153 1 52 theme almond 104:109 arg1 " 116:116 A new fermented almond "milk" 88:116 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics 88:176 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics was considered to cover the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand. 25028153 7 53 dep survived 1273:1280 arg1 % 1285:1285 51% 1283:1285 51% 1283:1285 Probiotic bacteria notably survived (51%) to the in vitro digestion, surely related to the inulin presence, which would add value to the developed product by enhancing the potential health benefits of its consumption. 25028153 2 54 dep Lactobacillus 296:308 arg1 reuteri 310:316 reuteri 310:316 reuteri 310:316 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 6 55 theme viscosity 1156:1164 arg1 values 1166:1171 the viscosity values 1152:1171 the viscosity values 1152:1171 The fermentation process increased the viscosity values, forming a weak gel structure, whose physical properties hardly changed. 25028153 1 56 theme milk 112:115 arg1 " 116:116 A new fermented almond "milk" 88:116 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics 88:176 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics was considered to cover the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand. 25028153 7 57 theme in vitro 1295:1302 arg1 digestion 1304:1312 the in vitro digestion 1291:1312 the in vitro digestion 1291:1312 Probiotic bacteria notably survived (51%) to the in vitro digestion, surely related to the inulin presence, which would add value to the developed product by enhancing the potential health benefits of its consumption. 25028153 2 58 from survivals 535:543 arg1 product 558:564 the final product 548:564 the final product 548:564 Almond milk fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus was studied by using a Central Composite design with response surface methodology, and different factors (glucose, fructose, inulin and starters) were optimised to assure high probiotic survivals in the final product. 25028153 4 59 theme glucose/100 mL 933:946 arg1 0.75 g 923:928 0.75 g 923:928 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum 923:1017 Results showed that a high probiotic population (>10(7) cfu/mL) was obtained in the previously optimised almond milk throughout storage time, which correspond to the addition of 0.75 g of glucose/100 mL, 0.75 g of fructose/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL inulin and 6 mL/100 mL inoculum. 25028153 7 60 theme health 1428:1433 arg1 benefits 1435:1442 the potential health benefits 1414:1442 the potential health benefits of its consumption 1414:1461 Probiotic bacteria notably survived (51%) to the in vitro digestion, surely related to the inulin presence, which would add value to the developed product by enhancing the potential health benefits of its consumption. 25028153 1 61 theme current 206:212 arg1 foods 241:245 the current versatile health-promoting foods' 202:246 the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand 202:253 A new fermented almond "milk" that combined the properties of both almonds and probiotics was considered to cover the current versatile health-promoting foods' demand. 28712997 9 0 theme batch 1266:1270 arg1 mode 1272:1275 a batch mode 1264:1275 a batch mode 1264:1275 Finally, the immobilized-HRP was used for methyl orange (MO) dye degradation in a batch mode. 28712997 13 1 theme cost-effective 1699:1712 arg1 catalyst 1747:1754 a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst 1697:1754 a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst 1697:1754 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 13 1 theme cost-effective 1699:1712 arg1 PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP 1665:1692 the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP 1661:1692 the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP 1661:1692 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 2 2 theme sodium 390:395 arg1 nitrate 397:403 sodium nitrate 390:403 sodium nitrate 390:403 The HRP was immobilized onto the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads using sodium nitrate as a cross-linker. 28712997 2 2 theme sodium 390:395 arg1 cross-linker 410:421 a cross-linker 408:421 a cross-linker 408:421 The HRP was immobilized onto the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads using sodium nitrate as a cross-linker. 28712997 1 3 theme novel 264:268 arg1 characteristics 270:284 novel characteristics 264:284 novel characteristics 264:284 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 11 4 theme ultra-performance 1454:1470 arg1 chromatography 1479:1492 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 1454:1492 ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) 1454:1533 The degraded fragments of MO were scrutinized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28712997 3 5 theme maximal 516:522 arg1 yield 539:543 maximal immobilization yield 516:543 maximal immobilization yield 516:543 The PVA-alginate beads (2.0mm size) developed using 10% PVA and 1.5% sodium alginate showed maximal immobilization yield. 28712997 13 6 theme dyes 1857:1860 arg1 treatment 1836:1844 the treatment 1832:1844 the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents 1832:1905 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 13 7 from particular 1805:1814 arg1 industrial 1791:1800 industrial 1791:1800 industrial 1791:1800 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 0 8 theme methyl 110:115 arg1 potential 136:144 its methyl orange degradation potential 106:144 its methyl orange degradation potential 106:144 Novel characteristics of horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads and its methyl orange degradation potential. 28712997 6 9 theme thermal 844:850 arg1 stability 852:860 the thermal stability 840:860 the thermal stability of the immobilized-HRP 840:883 Simultaneously, the thermal stability of the immobilized-HRP was significantly enhanced as compared to the free HRP. 28712997 4 10 theme immobilized-HRP 605:619 arg1 morphologies 558:569 The surface morphologies 546:569 The surface morphologies of the PVA-alginate (control) and immobilized-HRP 546:619 The surface morphologies of the PVA-alginate (control) and immobilized-HRP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28712997 5 11 theme consecutive 748:758 arg1 cycles 780:785 10 consecutive substrate-oxidation cycles 745:785 10 consecutive substrate-oxidation cycles 745:785 The immobilized-HRP retained 64.14% of its initial activity after 10 consecutive substrate-oxidation cycles as compared to the free counterpart. 28712997 13 12 from large 1781:1785 arg1 biotechnological 1761:1776 biotechnological 1761:1776 biotechnological 1761:1776 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 13 13 theme desirable 1731:1739 arg1 catalyst 1747:1754 a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst 1697:1754 a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst 1697:1754 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 13 13 theme desirable 1731:1739 arg1 PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP 1665:1692 the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP 1661:1692 the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP 1661:1692 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 10 14 theme peak 1355:1358 arg1 appearance 1335:1344 no appearance 1332:1344 no appearance of a new peak 1332:1358 A noticeable decline in spectral shift accompanied by no appearance of a new peak demonstrated the complete degradation of MO. 28712997 9 15 used used 1217:1220 arg2 immobilized-HRP 1197:1211 the immobilized-HRP 1193:1211 the immobilized-HRP 1193:1211 Finally, the immobilized-HRP was used for methyl orange (MO) dye degradation in a batch mode. 28712997 11 16 theme degraded 1409:1416 arg1 fragments 1418:1426 The degraded fragments 1405:1426 The degraded fragments of MO 1405:1432 The degraded fragments of MO were scrutinized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28712997 0 17 theme degradation 124:134 arg1 potential 136:144 its methyl orange degradation potential 106:144 its methyl orange degradation potential 106:144 Novel characteristics of horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads and its methyl orange degradation potential. 28712997 6 18 theme free 931:934 arg1 HRP 936:938 the free HRP 927:938 the free HRP 927:938 Simultaneously, the thermal stability of the immobilized-HRP was significantly enhanced as compared to the free HRP. 28712997 10 19 theme new 1351:1353 arg1 peak 1355:1358 a new peak 1349:1358 a new peak 1349:1358 A noticeable decline in spectral shift accompanied by no appearance of a new peak demonstrated the complete degradation of MO. 28712997 13 20 theme industrial 1880:1889 arg1 effluents 1897:1905 dye-containing industrial waste effluents 1865:1905 dye-containing industrial waste effluents 1865:1905 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 0 21 theme orange 117:122 arg1 potential 136:144 its methyl orange degradation potential 106:144 its methyl orange degradation potential 106:144 Novel characteristics of horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads and its methyl orange degradation potential. 28712997 13 22 theme green 1741:1745 arg1 catalyst 1747:1754 a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst 1697:1754 a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst 1697:1754 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 13 22 theme green 1741:1745 arg1 PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP 1665:1692 the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP 1661:1692 the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP 1661:1692 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 10 23 theme MO 1401:1402 arg1 degradation 1386:1396 the complete degradation 1373:1396 the complete degradation of MO 1373:1402 A noticeable decline in spectral shift accompanied by no appearance of a new peak demonstrated the complete degradation of MO. 28712997 13 24 theme waste 1891:1895 arg1 effluents 1897:1905 dye-containing industrial waste effluents 1865:1905 dye-containing industrial waste effluents 1865:1905 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 1 25 theme in-house 187:194 arg1 HRP 229:231 HRP 229:231 HRP 229:231 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 1 25 theme in-house 187:194 arg1 peroxidase 217:226 in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase 187:226 in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 187:232 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 13 26 theme textile 1849:1855 arg1 dyes 1857:1860 textile dyes 1849:1860 textile dyes 1849:1860 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 2 27 theme alcohol-alginate 346:361 arg1 beads 378:382 the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads 316:382 the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads using sodium nitrate as a cross-linker 316:421 The HRP was immobilized onto the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads using sodium nitrate as a cross-linker. 28712997 13 28 theme effluents 1897:1905 arg1 treatment 1836:1844 the treatment 1832:1844 the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents 1832:1905 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 1 29 theme isolated 196:203 arg1 HRP 229:231 HRP 229:231 HRP 229:231 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 1 29 theme isolated 196:203 arg1 peroxidase 217:226 in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase 187:226 in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 187:232 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 0 30 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 characteristics 6:20 Novel characteristics 0:20 Novel characteristics of horseradish peroxidase 0:46 Novel characteristics of horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads and its methyl orange degradation potential. 28712997 10 31 theme complete 1377:1384 arg1 degradation 1386:1396 the complete degradation 1373:1396 the complete degradation of MO 1373:1402 A noticeable decline in spectral shift accompanied by no appearance of a new peak demonstrated the complete degradation of MO. 28712997 8 32 theme immobilized-HRP 1083:1097 arg1 incubation 1158:1167 incubation 1158:1167 incubation 1158:1167 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 8 32 theme immobilized-HRP 1083:1097 arg1 % 1122:1122 6.98% 1118:1122 6.98% 1118:1122 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 8 32 theme immobilized-HRP 1083:1097 arg1 leakage 1072:1078 the leakage 1068:1078 the leakage of immobilized-HRP 1068:1097 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 2 33 theme polyvinyl 336:344 arg1 PVA-alginate 364:375 PVA-alginate 364:375 PVA-alginate 364:375 The HRP was immobilized onto the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads using sodium nitrate as a cross-linker. 28712997 2 33 theme polyvinyl 336:344 arg1 alcohol-alginate 346:361 self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate 320:361 the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads using sodium nitrate as a cross-linker 316:421 The HRP was immobilized onto the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads using sodium nitrate as a cross-linker. 28712997 1 34 theme horseradish 205:215 arg1 HRP 229:231 HRP 229:231 HRP 229:231 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 1 34 theme horseradish 205:215 arg1 peroxidase 217:226 in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase 187:226 in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 187:232 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 0 35 theme horseradish 25:35 arg1 peroxidase 37:46 horseradish peroxidase 25:46 horseradish peroxidase 25:46 Novel characteristics of horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads and its methyl orange degradation potential. 28712997 7 36 theme EL 961:962 arg1 assay 965:969 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay 941:969 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay 941:969 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay was performed by storing the immobilized-HRP in phosphate buffer solution for 30days. 28712997 2 37 theme self-fabricated 320:334 arg1 PVA-alginate 364:375 PVA-alginate 364:375 PVA-alginate 364:375 The HRP was immobilized onto the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads using sodium nitrate as a cross-linker. 28712997 2 37 theme self-fabricated 320:334 arg1 alcohol-alginate 346:361 self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate 320:361 the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads using sodium nitrate as a cross-linker 316:421 The HRP was immobilized onto the self-fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-alginate (PVA-alginate) beads using sodium nitrate as a cross-linker. 28712997 11 38 theme liquid 1472:1477 arg1 chromatography 1479:1492 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 1454:1492 ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) 1454:1533 The degraded fragments of MO were scrutinized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28712997 1 39 theme peroxidase 217:226 arg1 immobilization 169:182 the immobilization 165:182 the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics 165:284 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 12 40 theme identified 1601:1610 arg1 intermediates 1612:1624 the identified intermediates 1597:1624 the identified intermediates 1597:1624 A plausible degradation pathway for MO was proposed based on the identified intermediates. 28712997 5 41 theme initial 722:728 arg1 activity 730:737 its initial activity 718:737 its initial activity 718:737 The immobilized-HRP retained 64.14% of its initial activity after 10 consecutive substrate-oxidation cycles as compared to the free counterpart. 28712997 9 42 theme methyl 1226:1231 arg1 degradation 1249:1259 methyl orange (MO) dye degradation 1226:1259 methyl orange (MO) dye degradation 1226:1259 Finally, the immobilized-HRP was used for methyl orange (MO) dye degradation in a batch mode. 28712997 10 43 theme noticeable 1280:1289 arg1 decline 1291:1297 A noticeable decline 1278:1297 A noticeable decline in spectral shift accompanied by no appearance of a new peak 1278:1358 A noticeable decline in spectral shift accompanied by no appearance of a new peak demonstrated the complete degradation of MO. 28712997 4 44 theme electron 652:659 arg1 SEM 673:675 SEM 673:675 SEM 673:675 The surface morphologies of the PVA-alginate (control) and immobilized-HRP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28712997 4 44 theme electron 652:659 arg1 microscopy 661:670 scanning electron microscopy 643:670 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 643:676 The surface morphologies of the PVA-alginate (control) and immobilized-HRP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28712997 5 45 theme free 806:809 arg1 counterpart 811:821 the free counterpart 802:821 the free counterpart 802:821 The immobilized-HRP retained 64.14% of its initial activity after 10 consecutive substrate-oxidation cycles as compared to the free counterpart. 28712997 4 46 theme PVA-alginate 578:589 arg1 morphologies 558:569 The surface morphologies 546:569 The surface morphologies of the PVA-alginate (control) and immobilized-HRP 546:619 The surface morphologies of the PVA-alginate (control) and immobilized-HRP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28712997 5 47 theme activity 730:737 arg1 % 713:713 64.14% 708:713 64.14% of its initial activity 708:737 The immobilized-HRP retained 64.14% of its initial activity after 10 consecutive substrate-oxidation cycles as compared to the free counterpart. 28712997 5 47 theme activity 730:737 arg1 activity 730:737 its initial activity 718:737 its initial activity 718:737 The immobilized-HRP retained 64.14% of its initial activity after 10 consecutive substrate-oxidation cycles as compared to the free counterpart. 28712997 9 48 theme orange 1233:1238 arg1 degradation 1249:1259 methyl orange (MO) dye degradation 1226:1259 methyl orange (MO) dye degradation 1226:1259 Finally, the immobilized-HRP was used for methyl orange (MO) dye degradation in a batch mode. 28712997 11 49 theme MO 1431:1432 arg1 fragments 1418:1426 The degraded fragments 1405:1426 The degraded fragments of MO 1405:1432 The degraded fragments of MO were scrutinized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28712997 3 50 theme 10 476:477 arg1 % 478:478 % 478:478 % 478:478 The PVA-alginate beads (2.0mm size) developed using 10% PVA and 1.5% sodium alginate showed maximal immobilization yield. 28712997 0 51 theme peroxidase 37:46 arg1 characteristics 6:20 Novel characteristics 0:20 Novel characteristics of horseradish peroxidase 0:46 Novel characteristics of horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads and its methyl orange degradation potential. 28712997 13 52 from industrial 1791:1800 arg1 particular 1805:1814 particular 1805:1814 particular 1805:1814 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 13 53 theme dye-containing 1865:1878 arg1 effluents 1897:1905 dye-containing industrial waste effluents 1865:1905 dye-containing industrial waste effluents 1865:1905 In conclusion, the study portrays the PVA-alginate-immobilized-HRP as a cost-effective and industrially desirable green catalyst, for biotechnological at large and industrial in particular, especially for the treatment of textile dyes or dye-containing industrial waste effluents. 28712997 3 54 theme % 478:478 arg1 PVA 480:482 10% PVA 476:482 10% PVA 476:482 The PVA-alginate beads (2.0mm size) developed using 10% PVA and 1.5% sodium alginate showed maximal immobilization yield. 28712997 3 55 theme PVA-alginate 428:439 arg1 beads 441:445 The PVA-alginate beads 424:445 The PVA-alginate beads (2.0mm size) developed using 10% PVA and 1.5% sodium alginate 424:507 The PVA-alginate beads (2.0mm size) developed using 10% PVA and 1.5% sodium alginate showed maximal immobilization yield. 28712997 3 55 theme PVA-alginate 428:439 arg1 size 454:457 2.0mm size 448:457 2.0mm size 448:457 The PVA-alginate beads (2.0mm size) developed using 10% PVA and 1.5% sodium alginate showed maximal immobilization yield. 28712997 8 56 theme incubation 1158:1167 arg1 incubation 1158:1167 incubation 1158:1167 incubation 1158:1167 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 8 56 theme incubation 1158:1167 arg1 30days 1148:1153 30days 1148:1153 30days of incubation 1148:1167 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 8 56 theme incubation 1158:1167 arg1 leakage 1072:1078 the leakage 1068:1078 the leakage of immobilized-HRP 1068:1097 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 8 56 theme incubation 1158:1167 arg1 % 1122:1122 6.98% 1118:1122 6.98% 1118:1122 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 8 56 theme incubation 1158:1167 arg1 % 1133:1133 14.82% 1128:1133 14.82% 1128:1133 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 1 57 from rusticana 249:257 arg1 immobilization 169:182 the immobilization 165:182 the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics 165:284 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 9 58 theme MO 1241:1242 arg1 degradation 1249:1259 methyl orange (MO) dye degradation 1226:1259 methyl orange (MO) dye degradation 1226:1259 Finally, the immobilized-HRP was used for methyl orange (MO) dye degradation in a batch mode. 28712997 3 59 theme sodium 493:498 arg1 alginate 500:507 1.5% sodium alginate 488:507 1.5% sodium alginate 488:507 The PVA-alginate beads (2.0mm size) developed using 10% PVA and 1.5% sodium alginate showed maximal immobilization yield. 28712997 9 60 theme dye 1245:1247 arg1 degradation 1249:1259 methyl orange (MO) dye degradation 1226:1259 methyl orange (MO) dye degradation 1226:1259 Finally, the immobilized-HRP was used for methyl orange (MO) dye degradation in a batch mode. 28712997 7 61 theme buffer 1029:1034 arg1 solution 1036:1043 phosphate buffer solution 1019:1043 phosphate buffer solution 1019:1043 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay was performed by storing the immobilized-HRP in phosphate buffer solution for 30days. 28712997 7 62 theme enzyme 945:950 arg1 assay 965:969 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay 941:969 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay 941:969 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay was performed by storing the immobilized-HRP in phosphate buffer solution for 30days. 28712997 4 63 theme surface 550:556 arg1 morphologies 558:569 The surface morphologies 546:569 The surface morphologies of the PVA-alginate (control) and immobilized-HRP 546:619 The surface morphologies of the PVA-alginate (control) and immobilized-HRP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28712997 8 64 theme 6.98 1118:1121 arg1 incubation 1158:1167 incubation 1158:1167 incubation 1158:1167 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 8 64 theme 6.98 1118:1121 arg1 leakage 1072:1078 the leakage 1068:1078 the leakage of immobilized-HRP 1068:1097 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 8 64 theme 6.98 1118:1121 arg1 % 1122:1122 6.98% 1118:1122 6.98% 1118:1122 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 6 65 theme immobilized-HRP 869:883 arg1 stability 852:860 the thermal stability 840:860 the thermal stability of the immobilized-HRP 840:883 Simultaneously, the thermal stability of the immobilized-HRP was significantly enhanced as compared to the free HRP. 28712997 10 66 theme spectral 1302:1309 arg1 shift 1311:1315 spectral shift 1302:1315 spectral shift accompanied by no appearance of a new peak 1302:1358 A noticeable decline in spectral shift accompanied by no appearance of a new peak demonstrated the complete degradation of MO. 28712997 3 67 theme 1.5 488:490 arg1 % 491:491 % 491:491 % 491:491 The PVA-alginate beads (2.0mm size) developed using 10% PVA and 1.5% sodium alginate showed maximal immobilization yield. 28712997 7 68 theme leakage 952:958 arg1 assay 965:969 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay 941:969 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay 941:969 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay was performed by storing the immobilized-HRP in phosphate buffer solution for 30days. 28712997 5 69 theme substrate-oxidation 760:778 arg1 cycles 780:785 10 consecutive substrate-oxidation cycles 745:785 10 consecutive substrate-oxidation cycles 745:785 The immobilized-HRP retained 64.14% of its initial activity after 10 consecutive substrate-oxidation cycles as compared to the free counterpart. 28712997 8 70 theme 14.82 1128:1132 arg1 incubation 1158:1167 incubation 1158:1167 incubation 1158:1167 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 8 70 theme 14.82 1128:1132 arg1 % 1133:1133 14.82% 1128:1133 14.82% 1128:1133 Evidently, the leakage of immobilized-HRP was recorded to be 6.98% and 14.82% after 15 and 30days of incubation, respectively. 28712997 1 71 with rusticana 249:257 arg1 characteristics 270:284 novel characteristics 264:284 novel characteristics 264:284 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 3 72 theme % 491:491 arg1 alginate 500:507 1.5% sodium alginate 488:507 1.5% sodium alginate 488:507 The PVA-alginate beads (2.0mm size) developed using 10% PVA and 1.5% sodium alginate showed maximal immobilization yield. 28712997 1 73 theme Armoracia 239:247 arg1 rusticana 249:257 Armoracia rusticana 239:257 Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics 239:284 Herein, we report the immobilization of in-house isolated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from Armoracia rusticana with novel characteristics. 28712997 0 74 theme alcohol-alginate 79:94 arg1 beads 96:100 the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads 65:100 the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads 65:100 Novel characteristics of horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads and its methyl orange degradation potential. 28712997 7 75 theme phosphate 1019:1027 arg1 solution 1036:1043 phosphate buffer solution 1019:1043 phosphate buffer solution 1019:1043 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay was performed by storing the immobilized-HRP in phosphate buffer solution for 30days. 28712997 3 76 theme immobilization 524:537 arg1 yield 539:543 maximal immobilization yield 516:543 maximal immobilization yield 516:543 The PVA-alginate beads (2.0mm size) developed using 10% PVA and 1.5% sodium alginate showed maximal immobilization yield. 28712997 7 77 from immobilized-HRP 1000:1014 arg1 solution 1036:1043 phosphate buffer solution 1019:1043 phosphate buffer solution 1019:1043 The enzyme leakage (EL) assay was performed by storing the immobilized-HRP in phosphate buffer solution for 30days. 28712997 4 78 theme scanning 643:650 arg1 SEM 673:675 SEM 673:675 SEM 673:675 The surface morphologies of the PVA-alginate (control) and immobilized-HRP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28712997 4 78 theme scanning 643:650 arg1 microscopy 661:670 scanning electron microscopy 643:670 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 643:676 The surface morphologies of the PVA-alginate (control) and immobilized-HRP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28712997 0 79 theme polyvinyl 69:77 arg1 beads 96:100 the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads 65:100 the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads 65:100 Novel characteristics of horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto the polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads and its methyl orange degradation potential. 28712997 10 80 from decline 1291:1297 arg1 shift 1311:1315 spectral shift 1302:1315 spectral shift accompanied by no appearance of a new peak 1302:1358 A noticeable decline in spectral shift accompanied by no appearance of a new peak demonstrated the complete degradation of MO. 28712997 12 81 theme plausible 1538:1546 arg1 pathway 1560:1566 A plausible degradation pathway 1536:1566 A plausible degradation pathway for MO 1536:1573 A plausible degradation pathway for MO was proposed based on the identified intermediates. 28712997 11 82 theme mass 1507:1510 arg1 UPLC-MS 1526:1532 UPLC-MS 1526:1532 UPLC-MS 1526:1532 The degraded fragments of MO were scrutinized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28712997 11 82 theme mass 1507:1510 arg1 spectrometry 1512:1523 mass spectrometry 1507:1523 mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) 1507:1533 The degraded fragments of MO were scrutinized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28712997 12 83 theme degradation 1548:1558 arg1 pathway 1560:1566 A plausible degradation pathway 1536:1566 A plausible degradation pathway for MO 1536:1573 A plausible degradation pathway for MO was proposed based on the identified intermediates. 28842437 7 0 theme NOTEWORTHY 1483:1492 arg1 hypoxia 1501:1507 adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia 1470:1507 adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia 1470:1507 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 5 1 from Maintenance 944:954 arg1 environment 1023:1033 a hypoxic environment 1013:1033 a hypoxic environment 1013:1033 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 7 2 theme adults.NEW 1470:1479 arg1 hypoxia 1501:1507 adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia 1470:1507 adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia 1470:1507 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 6 3 theme GAG 1227:1229 arg1 accumulation 1231:1242 GAG accumulation 1227:1242 GAG accumulation in murine adult heart valves 1227:1271 Chronic hypoxia also promotes GAG accumulation in murine adult heart valves in vivo. 28842437 3 4 theme ECM 713:715 arg1 remodeling 717:726 ECM remodeling 713:726 ECM remodeling 713:726 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 8 5 theme primitive 1710:1718 arg1 matrix 1734:1739 a primitive extracellular matrix 1708:1739 a primitive extracellular matrix 1708:1739 Thus, hypoxia maintains a primitive extracellular matrix during heart valve development and promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice, as occurs in myxomatous disease. 28842437 7 6 theme remodeling 1456:1465 arg1 induction 1432:1440 the induction 1428:1440 the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves 1428:1681 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 4 7 theme ECM 826:828 arg1 composition 830:840 late embryonic valve ECM composition 805:840 late embryonic valve ECM composition 805:840 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 6 8 theme heart 1260:1264 arg1 valves 1266:1271 murine adult heart valves 1247:1271 murine adult heart valves 1247:1271 Chronic hypoxia also promotes GAG accumulation in murine adult heart valves in vivo. 28842437 3 9 theme cycle 737:741 arg1 arrest 743:748 cell cycle arrest 732:748 cell cycle arrest 732:748 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 6 10 theme murine 1247:1252 arg1 valves 1266:1271 murine adult heart valves 1247:1271 murine adult heart valves 1247:1271 Chronic hypoxia also promotes GAG accumulation in murine adult heart valves in vivo. 28842437 8 11 theme heart 1748:1752 arg1 development 1760:1770 heart valve development 1748:1770 heart valve development 1748:1770 Thus, hypoxia maintains a primitive extracellular matrix during heart valve development and promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice, as occurs in myxomatous disease. 28842437 1 12 theme stratified 213:222 arg1 leaflets 230:237 stratified valve leaflets 213:237 stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation 213:373 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 7 13 theme adult 1657:1661 arg1 valves 1676:1681 adult murine heart valves 1657:1681 adult murine heart valves 1657:1681 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 4 14 theme chicken 900:906 arg1 cultures 934:941 chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures 900:941 chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures 900:941 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 7 15 theme heart 1390:1394 arg1 valves 1396:1401 heart valves 1390:1401 heart valves 1390:1401 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 4 16 theme aortic 915:920 arg1 cultures 934:941 chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures 900:941 chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures 900:941 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 3 17 theme interstitial 759:770 arg1 cells 772:776 valve interstitial cells 753:776 valve interstitial cells 753:776 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 5 18 theme nuclear 1065:1071 arg1 localization 1073:1084 Sox9 nuclear localization 1060:1084 Sox9 nuclear localization 1060:1084 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 7 19 theme chicken 1631:1637 arg1 valves 1646:1651 cultured chicken embryo valves 1622:1651 cultured chicken embryo valves 1622:1651 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 7 20 theme GAG-rich 1360:1367 arg1 matrix 1369:1374 a primitive GAG-rich matrix 1348:1374 a primitive GAG-rich matrix 1348:1374 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 8 21 theme matrix 1799:1804 arg1 remodeling 1806:1815 extracellular matrix remodeling 1785:1815 extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice 1785:1829 Thus, hypoxia maintains a primitive extracellular matrix during heart valve development and promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice, as occurs in myxomatous disease. 28842437 5 22 theme GAG 1044:1046 arg1 expression 1048:1057 GAG expression 1044:1057 GAG expression 1044:1057 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 3 23 theme tissue 623:628 arg1 hypoxia 630:636 tissue hypoxia 623:636 tissue hypoxia 623:636 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 7 24 theme glycosaminoglycan 1588:1604 arg1 accumulation 1606:1617 glycosaminoglycan accumulation 1588:1617 glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves 1588:1681 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 6 25 theme Chronic 1197:1203 arg1 hypoxia 1205:1211 Chronic hypoxia 1197:1211 Chronic hypoxia 1197:1211 Chronic hypoxia also promotes GAG accumulation in murine adult heart valves in vivo. 28842437 6 26 from accumulation 1231:1242 arg1 valves 1266:1271 murine adult heart valves 1247:1271 murine adult heart valves 1247:1271 Chronic hypoxia also promotes GAG accumulation in murine adult heart valves in vivo. 28842437 5 27 theme hyaluronan 1105:1114 arg1 remodeling 1116:1125 hyaluronan remodeling 1105:1125 hyaluronan remodeling 1105:1125 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 1 28 theme decreased 311:319 arg1 proliferation 326:338 decreased cell proliferation 311:338 decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation 311:373 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 1 29 theme valve 182:186 arg1 primordia 188:196 glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia 153:196 glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia 153:196 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 4 30 theme organ 928:932 arg1 cultures 934:941 chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures 900:941 chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures 900:941 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 2 31 theme extracellular 521:533 arg1 ECM 543:545 ECM 543:545 ECM 543:545 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 2 31 theme extracellular 521:533 arg1 matrix 535:540 extracellular matrix 521:540 valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 515:558 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 5 32 theme embryonic 964:972 arg1 cultures 1001:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 2 33 from role 485:488 arg1 composition 548:558 valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 515:558 valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 515:558 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 2 33 from role 485:488 arg1 morphogenesis 563:575 morphogenesis 563:575 morphogenesis 563:575 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 1 34 theme postnatal 118:126 arg1 development 140:150 postnatal heart valve development 118:150 postnatal heart valve development 118:150 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 0 35 theme primitive 17:25 arg1 composition 71:81 primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition 17:81 primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition 17:81 Hypoxia promotes primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition in developing heart valves. 28842437 5 36 theme cell 1177:1180 arg1 proliferation 1182:1194 cell proliferation 1177:1194 cell proliferation 1177:1194 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 1 37 theme valve 134:138 arg1 development 140:150 postnatal heart valve development 118:150 postnatal heart valve development 118:150 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 7 38 theme murine 1663:1668 arg1 valves 1676:1681 adult murine heart valves 1657:1681 adult murine heart valves 1657:1681 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 3 39 theme mouse 651:655 arg1 valves 664:669 mouse aortic valves 651:669 mouse aortic valves in the days after birth 651:693 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 0 40 theme extracellular 50:62 arg1 composition 71:81 primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition 17:81 primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition 17:81 Hypoxia promotes primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition in developing heart valves. 28842437 7 41 theme mouse 1522:1526 arg1 valves 1535:1540 mouse aortic valves 1522:1540 mouse aortic valves 1522:1540 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 4 42 theme embryonic 810:818 arg1 composition 830:840 late embryonic valve ECM composition 805:840 late embryonic valve ECM composition 805:840 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 5 43 theme fibrillar 1147:1155 arg1 content 1166:1172 fibrillar collagen content 1147:1172 fibrillar collagen content 1147:1172 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 5 44 theme hypoxic 1015:1021 arg1 environment 1023:1033 a hypoxic environment 1013:1033 a hypoxic environment 1013:1033 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 7 45 theme Tissue 1494:1499 arg1 hypoxia 1501:1507 adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia 1470:1507 adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia 1470:1507 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 5 46 theme aortic 982:987 arg1 cultures 1001:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 1 47 theme fibrillar 257:265 arg1 collagen 267:274 fibrillar collagen 257:274 fibrillar collagen 257:274 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 7 48 theme & 1481:1481 arg1 hypoxia 1501:1507 adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia 1470:1507 adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia 1470:1507 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 5 49 theme organ 995:999 arg1 cultures 1001:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 2 50 from environment 446:456 arg1 transition 420:429 the transition 416:429 the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2 416:474 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 2 51 theme neonatal 380:387 arg1 period 389:394 The neonatal period 376:394 The neonatal period 376:394 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 4 52 theme Sox9 843:846 arg1 expression 848:857 Sox9 expression 843:857 Sox9 expression 843:857 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 1 53 theme elastin 281:287 arg1 layers 289:294 elastin layers 281:294 elastin layers 281:294 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 7 54 theme hyaluronan 1445:1454 arg1 remodeling 1456:1465 hyaluronan remodeling 1445:1465 hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves 1445:1681 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 4 55 theme valve 820:824 arg1 composition 830:840 late embryonic valve ECM composition 805:840 late embryonic valve ECM composition 805:840 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 6 56 theme adult 1254:1258 arg1 valves 1266:1271 murine adult heart valves 1247:1271 murine adult heart valves 1247:1271 Chronic hypoxia also promotes GAG accumulation in murine adult heart valves in vivo. 28842437 8 57 theme extracellular 1720:1732 arg1 matrix 1734:1739 a primitive extracellular matrix 1708:1739 a primitive extracellular matrix 1708:1739 Thus, hypoxia maintains a primitive extracellular matrix during heart valve development and promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice, as occurs in myxomatous disease. 28842437 1 58 theme valve 224:228 arg1 leaflets 230:237 stratified valve leaflets 213:237 stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation 213:373 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 7 59 theme embryo 1639:1644 arg1 valves 1646:1651 cultured chicken embryo valves 1622:1651 cultured chicken embryo valves 1622:1651 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 3 60 theme cell 732:735 arg1 arrest 743:748 cell cycle arrest 732:748 cell cycle arrest 732:748 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 5 61 theme Sox9 1060:1063 arg1 localization 1073:1084 Sox9 nuclear localization 1060:1084 Sox9 nuclear localization 1060:1084 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 8 62 theme valve 1754:1758 arg1 development 1760:1770 heart valve development 1748:1770 heart valve development 1748:1770 Thus, hypoxia maintains a primitive extracellular matrix during heart valve development and promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice, as occurs in myxomatous disease. 28842437 7 63 theme cultured 1622:1629 arg1 valves 1646:1651 cultured chicken embryo valves 1622:1651 cultured chicken embryo valves 1622:1651 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 4 64 theme embryo 908:913 arg1 cultures 934:941 chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures 900:941 chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures 900:941 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 7 65 dep remodeling 1456:1465 arg1 decreases 1509:1517 decreases 1509:1517 decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth 1509:1552 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 7 65 dep remodeling 1456:1465 arg1 promotes 1579:1586 promotes 1579:1586 promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves 1579:1681 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 3 66 theme cells 772:776 arg1 arrest 743:748 cell cycle arrest 732:748 cell cycle arrest 732:748 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 3 66 theme cells 772:776 arg1 remodeling 717:726 ECM remodeling 713:726 ECM remodeling 713:726 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 4 67 theme cell 864:867 arg1 proliferation 869:881 cell proliferation 864:881 cell proliferation 864:881 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 3 68 theme valve 753:757 arg1 cells 772:776 valve interstitial cells 753:776 valve interstitial cells 753:776 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 8 69 theme extracellular 1785:1797 arg1 remodeling 1806:1815 extracellular matrix remodeling 1785:1815 extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice 1785:1829 Thus, hypoxia maintains a primitive extracellular matrix during heart valve development and promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice, as occurs in myxomatous disease. 28842437 7 70 theme primitive 1350:1358 arg1 matrix 1369:1374 a primitive GAG-rich matrix 1348:1374 a primitive GAG-rich matrix 1348:1374 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 0 71 theme heart 97:101 arg1 valves 103:108 heart valves 97:108 heart valves 97:108 Hypoxia promotes primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition in developing heart valves. 28842437 4 72 from effects 783:789 arg1 composition 830:840 late embryonic valve ECM composition 805:840 late embryonic valve ECM composition 805:840 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 4 72 from effects 783:789 arg1 expression 848:857 Sox9 expression 843:857 Sox9 expression 843:857 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 4 72 from effects 783:789 arg1 proliferation 869:881 cell proliferation 864:881 cell proliferation 864:881 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 2 73 theme levels 505:510 arg1 role 485:488 the role 481:488 the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis 481:575 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 4 74 theme valve 922:926 arg1 cultures 934:941 chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures 900:941 chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures 900:941 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 5 75 theme remodeling 1116:1125 arg1 indicators 1091:1100 indicators 1091:1100 indicators of hyaluronan remodeling 1091:1125 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 5 75 theme remodeling 1116:1125 arg1 expression 1048:1057 GAG expression 1044:1057 GAG expression 1044:1057 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 5 75 theme remodeling 1116:1125 arg1 localization 1073:1084 Sox9 nuclear localization 1060:1084 Sox9 nuclear localization 1060:1084 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 7 76 from accumulation 1606:1617 arg1 valves 1676:1681 adult murine heart valves 1657:1681 adult murine heart valves 1657:1681 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 7 76 from accumulation 1606:1617 arg1 valves 1646:1651 cultured chicken embryo valves 1622:1651 cultured chicken embryo valves 1622:1651 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 8 77 theme adult 1820:1824 arg1 mice 1826:1829 adult mice 1820:1829 adult mice 1820:1829 Thus, hypoxia maintains a primitive extracellular matrix during heart valve development and promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice, as occurs in myxomatous disease. 28842437 1 78 theme -rich 176:180 arg1 primordia 188:196 glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia 153:196 glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia 153:196 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 2 79 theme changing 493:500 arg1 levels 505:510 changing O2 levels 493:510 changing O2 levels 493:510 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 2 80 theme matrix 535:540 arg1 composition 548:558 valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 515:558 valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 515:558 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 5 81 theme late 959:962 arg1 cultures 1001:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 2 82 theme valve 515:519 arg1 composition 548:558 valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 515:558 valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 515:558 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 8 83 theme myxomatous 1845:1854 arg1 disease 1856:1862 myxomatous disease 1845:1862 myxomatous disease 1845:1862 Thus, hypoxia maintains a primitive extracellular matrix during heart valve development and promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice, as occurs in myxomatous disease. 28842437 0 84 theme glycosaminoglycan-rich 27:48 arg1 composition 71:81 primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition 17:81 primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition 17:81 Hypoxia promotes primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition in developing heart valves. 28842437 1 85 theme heart 128:132 arg1 development 140:150 postnatal heart valve development 118:150 postnatal heart valve development 118:150 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 2 86 theme uterine 438:444 arg1 environment 446:456 a uterine environment 436:456 a uterine environment 436:456 The neonatal period is characterized by the transition from a uterine environment to atmospheric O2, but the role of changing O2 levels in valve extracellular matrix (ECM) composition or morphogenesis is not well characterized. 28842437 0 87 theme matrix 64:69 arg1 composition 71:81 primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition 17:81 primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition 17:81 Hypoxia promotes primitive glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix composition in developing heart valves. 28842437 1 88 theme cell 321:324 arg1 proliferation 326:338 decreased cell proliferation 311:338 decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation 311:373 During postnatal heart valve development, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich valve primordia transform into stratified valve leaflets composed of GAGs, fibrillar collagen, and elastin layers accompanied by decreased cell proliferation as well as thinning and elongation. 28842437 5 89 theme cultures 1001:1008 arg1 Maintenance 944:954 Maintenance 944:954 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment 944:1033 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 7 90 theme heart 1670:1674 arg1 valves 1676:1681 adult murine heart valves 1657:1681 adult murine heart valves 1657:1681 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 4 91 theme hypoxia 794:800 arg1 effects 783:789 The effects 779:789 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation 779:881 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 7 92 theme aortic 1528:1533 arg1 valves 1535:1540 mouse aortic valves 1522:1540 mouse aortic valves 1522:1540 Together, these results support a role for hypoxia in maintaining a primitive GAG-rich matrix in developing heart valves before birth and also in the induction of hyaluronan remodeling in adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves after birth, and exposure to hypoxia promotes glycosaminoglycan accumulation in cultured chicken embryo valves and adult murine heart valves. 28842437 4 93 theme late 805:808 arg1 composition 830:840 late embryonic valve ECM composition 805:840 late embryonic valve ECM composition 805:840 The effects of hypoxia on late embryonic valve ECM composition, Sox9 expression, and cell proliferation were examined in chicken embryo aortic valve organ cultures. 28842437 3 94 with concomitant 696:706 arg1 arrest 743:748 cell cycle arrest 732:748 cell cycle arrest 732:748 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 3 94 with concomitant 696:706 arg1 remodeling 717:726 ECM remodeling 713:726 ECM remodeling 713:726 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 5 95 theme collagen 1157:1164 arg1 content 1166:1172 fibrillar collagen content 1147:1172 fibrillar collagen content 1147:1172 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 5 96 theme chicken 974:980 arg1 cultures 1001:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 3 97 theme aortic 657:662 arg1 valves 664:669 mouse aortic valves 651:669 mouse aortic valves in the days after birth 651:693 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 28842437 8 98 from remodeling 1806:1815 arg1 mice 1826:1829 adult mice 1820:1829 adult mice 1820:1829 Thus, hypoxia maintains a primitive extracellular matrix during heart valve development and promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in adult mice, as occurs in myxomatous disease. 28842437 5 99 theme valve 989:993 arg1 cultures 1001:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures 959:1008 Maintenance of late embryonic chicken aortic valve organ cultures in a hypoxic environment promotes GAG expression, Sox9 nuclear localization, and indicators of hyaluronan remodeling but does not affect fibrillar collagen content or cell proliferation. 28842437 3 100 from valves 664:669 arg1 days 678:681 the days 674:681 the days after birth 674:693 Here, we show that tissue hypoxia decreases in mouse aortic valves in the days after birth, concomitant with ECM remodeling and cell cycle arrest of valve interstitial cells. 29101027 0 0 from characterization 19:34 arg1 lines 65:69 human cell lines 54:69 human cell lines 54:69 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 0 0 from characterization 19:34 arg1 organs 81:86 mouse organs 75:86 mouse organs 75:86 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 6 1 gly glycosylation 1057:1069 arg1 conditions 1119:1128 conditions 1119:1128 conditions 1119:1128 These findings indicate that in mammals the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man regulates glycosylation, especially mannosylation in specific organs or conditions. 29101027 6 1 gly glycosylation 1057:1069 arg1 organs 1109:1114 specific organs 1100:1114 specific organs 1100:1114 These findings indicate that in mammals the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man regulates glycosylation, especially mannosylation in specific organs or conditions. 29101027 6 1 gly glycosylation 1057:1069 arg1 mammals 1004:1010 mammals 1004:1010 mammals 1004:1010 These findings indicate that in mammals the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man regulates glycosylation, especially mannosylation in specific organs or conditions. 29101027 5 2 theme UDP-Man 921:927 arg1 concentrations 929:942 UDP-Man concentrations 921:942 UDP-Man concentrations 921:942 In cultured human cell lines, addition of mannose in media increased UDP-Man concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. 29101027 0 3 theme mouse 75:79 arg1 organs 81:86 mouse organs 75:86 mouse organs 75:86 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 2 4 from mannosylation 343:355 arg1 mammals 360:366 mammals 360:366 mammals 360:366 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 3 5 theme first 530:534 arg1 time 536:539 the first time 526:539 the first time 526:539 Here, we report for the first time that low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose (UDP-Man), which can serve as potential donor substrate, exists in mammals. 29101027 6 6 theme sugar 1033:1037 arg1 UDP-Man 1039:1045 the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man 1012:1045 the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man 1012:1045 These findings indicate that in mammals the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man regulates glycosylation, especially mannosylation in specific organs or conditions. 29101027 0 7 theme Differential 89:100 arg1 distribution 102:113 Differential distribution 89:113 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 0:146 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 0 8 from Identification 0:13 arg1 lines 65:69 human cell lines 54:69 human cell lines 54:69 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 0 8 from Identification 0:13 arg1 organs 81:86 mouse organs 75:86 mouse organs 75:86 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 2 9 gly C-mannosylation 418:432 arg1 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor 456:490 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor 456:490 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor) 456:503 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 9 gly C-mannosylation 418:432 arg1 GPI-anchor 493:502 GPI-anchor 493:502 GPI-anchor 493:502 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 4 10 theme higher 793:798 arg1 concentrations 800:813 higher concentrations 793:813 higher concentrations of UDP-Man 793:824 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 4 11 theme spectrometry 690:701 arg1 analyses 711:718 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses 663:718 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses 663:718 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 6 12 theme nucleotide 1022:1031 arg1 UDP-Man 1039:1045 the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man 1012:1045 the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man 1012:1045 These findings indicate that in mammals the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man regulates glycosylation, especially mannosylation in specific organs or conditions. 29101027 2 13 used used 376:379 arg2 GDP-Man 273:279 GDP-Man 273:279 GDP-Man 273:279 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 13 used used 376:379 arg2 substrates 328:337 donor substrates 322:337 donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals 322:366 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 13 used used 376:379 arg2 mannose 264:270 Guanosine diphosphate mannose 242:270 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) 242:280 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 13 used used 376:379 arg2 phosphate-mannose 295:311 dolichol phosphate-mannose 286:311 dolichol phosphate-mannose 286:311 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 14 theme dolichol 286:293 arg1 mannose 264:270 Guanosine diphosphate mannose 242:270 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) 242:280 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 14 theme dolichol 286:293 arg1 phosphate-mannose 295:311 dolichol phosphate-mannose 286:311 dolichol phosphate-mannose 286:311 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 14 theme dolichol 286:293 arg1 substrates 328:337 donor substrates 322:337 donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals 322:366 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 6 15 theme minor 1016:1020 arg1 UDP-Man 1039:1045 the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man 1012:1045 the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man 1012:1045 These findings indicate that in mammals the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man regulates glycosylation, especially mannosylation in specific organs or conditions. 29101027 2 16 gly O-mannosylation 401:415 arg1 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor 456:490 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor 456:490 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor) 456:503 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 16 gly O-mannosylation 401:415 arg1 GPI-anchor 493:502 GPI-anchor 493:502 GPI-anchor 493:502 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 1 17 from Mannosylation 148:160 arg1 reticulum 181:189 the endoplasmic reticulum 165:189 the endoplasmic reticulum 165:189 Mannosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum is a key process for synthesizing various glycans. 29101027 3 18 theme low-abundant 546:557 arg1 diphosphate-mannose 567:585 low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose 546:585 low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose (UDP-Man) 546:595 Here, we report for the first time that low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose (UDP-Man), which can serve as potential donor substrate, exists in mammals. 29101027 3 18 theme low-abundant 546:557 arg1 UDP-Man 588:594 UDP-Man 588:594 UDP-Man 588:594 Here, we report for the first time that low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose (UDP-Man), which can serve as potential donor substrate, exists in mammals. 29101027 1 19 theme endoplasmic 169:179 arg1 reticulum 181:189 the endoplasmic reticulum 165:189 the endoplasmic reticulum 165:189 Mannosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum is a key process for synthesizing various glycans. 29101027 3 20 theme uridine 559:565 arg1 diphosphate-mannose 567:585 low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose 546:585 low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose (UDP-Man) 546:595 Here, we report for the first time that low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose (UDP-Man), which can serve as potential donor substrate, exists in mammals. 29101027 3 20 theme uridine 559:565 arg1 UDP-Man 588:594 UDP-Man 588:594 UDP-Man 588:594 Here, we report for the first time that low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose (UDP-Man), which can serve as potential donor substrate, exists in mammals. 29101027 4 21 theme chromatography-mass 670:688 arg1 spectrometry 690:701 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 663:701 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses 663:718 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 4 21 theme chromatography-mass 670:688 arg1 LC-MS 704:708 LC-MS 704:708 LC-MS 704:708 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 2 22 gly N-glycosylation 384:398 arg1 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor 456:490 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor 456:490 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor) 456:503 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 22 gly N-glycosylation 384:398 arg1 GPI-anchor 493:502 GPI-anchor 493:502 GPI-anchor 493:502 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 5 23 theme mannose 894:900 arg1 addition 882:889 addition 882:889 addition of mannose in media 882:909 In cultured human cell lines, addition of mannose in media increased UDP-Man concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. 29101027 2 24 theme glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor 456:490 arg1 O-mannosylation 401:415 O-mannosylation 401:415 O-mannosylation 401:415 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 24 theme glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor 456:490 arg1 N-glycosylation 384:398 N-glycosylation 384:398 N-glycosylation 384:398 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 24 theme glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor 456:490 arg1 synthesis 443:451 the synthesis 439:451 the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor) 439:503 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 24 theme glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor 456:490 arg1 C-mannosylation 418:432 C-mannosylation 418:432 C-mannosylation 418:432 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 25 theme donor 322:326 arg1 mannose 264:270 Guanosine diphosphate mannose 242:270 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) 242:280 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 25 theme donor 322:326 arg1 phosphate-mannose 295:311 dolichol phosphate-mannose 286:311 dolichol phosphate-mannose 286:311 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 25 theme donor 322:326 arg1 substrates 328:337 donor substrates 322:337 donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals 322:366 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 4 26 theme other 838:842 arg1 organs 844:849 other organs 838:849 other organs 838:849 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 1 27 theme key 196:198 arg1 process 200:206 a key process 194:206 a key process for synthesizing various glycans 194:239 Mannosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum is a key process for synthesizing various glycans. 29101027 1 27 theme key 196:198 arg1 Mannosylation 148:160 Mannosylation 148:160 Mannosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum 148:189 Mannosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum is a key process for synthesizing various glycans. 29101027 5 28 theme cultured 855:862 arg1 lines 875:879 cultured human cell lines 855:879 cultured human cell lines 855:879 In cultured human cell lines, addition of mannose in media increased UDP-Man concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. 29101027 0 29 theme brain 122:126 arg1 regions 128:134 brain regions 122:134 brain regions 122:134 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 5 30 theme cell 870:873 arg1 lines 875:879 cultured human cell lines 855:879 cultured human cell lines 855:879 In cultured human cell lines, addition of mannose in media increased UDP-Man concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. 29101027 2 31 theme Guanosine 242:250 arg1 mannose 264:270 Guanosine diphosphate mannose 242:270 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) 242:280 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 31 theme Guanosine 242:250 arg1 phosphate-mannose 295:311 dolichol phosphate-mannose 286:311 dolichol phosphate-mannose 286:311 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 31 theme Guanosine 242:250 arg1 substrates 328:337 donor substrates 322:337 donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals 322:366 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 31 theme Guanosine 242:250 arg1 GDP-Man 273:279 GDP-Man 273:279 GDP-Man 273:279 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 4 32 theme Liquid 663:668 arg1 spectrometry 690:701 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 663:701 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses 663:718 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 4 32 theme Liquid 663:668 arg1 LC-MS 704:708 LC-MS 704:708 LC-MS 704:708 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 0 33 theme UDP-mannose 39:49 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 0 33 theme UDP-mannose 39:49 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 3 34 theme potential 617:625 arg1 substrate 633:641 potential donor substrate 617:641 potential donor substrate 617:641 Here, we report for the first time that low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose (UDP-Man), which can serve as potential donor substrate, exists in mammals. 29101027 6 35 theme specific 1100:1107 arg1 organs 1109:1114 specific organs 1100:1114 specific organs 1100:1114 These findings indicate that in mammals the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man regulates glycosylation, especially mannosylation in specific organs or conditions. 29101027 0 36 theme cell 60:63 arg1 lines 65:69 human cell lines 54:69 human cell lines 54:69 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 0 37 theme human 54:58 arg1 lines 65:69 human cell lines 54:69 human cell lines 54:69 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 4 38 contain contains 784:791 arg1 neocortex 773:781 neocortex 773:781 neocortex 773:781 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 4 38 contain contains 784:791 arg1 brain 738:742 mouse brain 732:742 mouse brain 732:742 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 4 38 contain contains 784:791 arg1 hypothalamus 756:767 hypothalamus 756:767 hypothalamus 756:767 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 4 38 contain contains 784:791 arg2 concentrations 800:813 higher concentrations 793:813 higher concentrations of UDP-Man 793:824 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 4 39 theme mouse 732:736 arg1 neocortex 773:781 neocortex 773:781 neocortex 773:781 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 4 39 theme mouse 732:736 arg1 brain 738:742 mouse brain 732:742 mouse brain 732:742 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 4 39 theme mouse 732:736 arg1 hypothalamus 756:767 hypothalamus 756:767 hypothalamus 756:767 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 2 40 theme diphosphate 252:262 arg1 mannose 264:270 Guanosine diphosphate mannose 242:270 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) 242:280 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 40 theme diphosphate 252:262 arg1 phosphate-mannose 295:311 dolichol phosphate-mannose 286:311 dolichol phosphate-mannose 286:311 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 40 theme diphosphate 252:262 arg1 substrates 328:337 donor substrates 322:337 donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals 322:366 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 2 40 theme diphosphate 252:262 arg1 GDP-Man 273:279 GDP-Man 273:279 GDP-Man 273:279 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 5 41 theme dose-dependent 949:962 arg1 manner 964:969 a dose-dependent manner 947:969 a dose-dependent manner 947:969 In cultured human cell lines, addition of mannose in media increased UDP-Man concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. 29101027 1 42 theme various 225:231 arg1 glycans 233:239 various glycans 225:239 various glycans 225:239 Mannosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum is a key process for synthesizing various glycans. 29101027 2 43 gly mannosylation 343:355 arg1 mammals 360:366 mammals 360:366 mammals 360:366 Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). 29101027 4 44 theme UDP-Man 818:824 arg1 concentrations 800:813 higher concentrations 793:813 higher concentrations of UDP-Man 793:824 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. 29101027 3 45 theme donor 627:631 arg1 substrate 633:641 potential donor substrate 617:641 potential donor substrate 617:641 Here, we report for the first time that low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose (UDP-Man), which can serve as potential donor substrate, exists in mammals. 29101027 5 46 theme human 864:868 arg1 lines 875:879 cultured human cell lines 855:879 cultured human cell lines 855:879 In cultured human cell lines, addition of mannose in media increased UDP-Man concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. 29101027 0 47 dep Identification 0:13 arg1 distribution 102:113 Differential distribution 89:113 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 0:146 Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs. 29101027 5 48 from addition 882:889 arg1 media 905:909 media 905:909 media 905:909 In cultured human cell lines, addition of mannose in media increased UDP-Man concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. 26828518 3 0 theme National 562:569 arg1 Survey 588:593 the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 552:603 the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 552:603 In all, 3817 men and women (7-69 years) from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 were studied. 26828518 2 1 theme food 301:304 arg1 table 318:322 a food composition table 299:322 a food composition table for added and free sugars 299:348 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 6 2 theme Diet 786:789 arg1 quality 791:797 Diet quality 786:797 Diet quality 786:797 Diet quality was studied in adults with the Dutch Healthy Diet-index. 26828518 12 3 theme % 1454:1454 arg1 TE 1455:1456 <5 %TE 1451:1456 <5 %TE 1451:1456 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE was generally low in the Netherlands, particularly in children. 26828518 11 4 theme non-adherent 1289:1300 arg1 adults 1269:1274 adults 1269:1274 adults adherent and non-adherent 1269:1300 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 11 5 theme dietary 1375:1381 arg1 fiber 1383:1387 dietary fiber 1375:1387 dietary fiber 1375:1387 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 7 6 theme added 934:938 arg1 intake 946:951 added sugar intake 934:951 added sugar intake 934:951 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 11 7 theme diet 1234:1237 arg1 quality 1239:1245 Overall diet quality 1226:1245 Overall diet quality 1226:1245 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 1 8 theme free 230:233 arg1 recommendations 241:255 recent free sugar recommendations 223:255 recent free sugar recommendations 223:255 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 4 9 theme product 724:730 arg1 information 732:742 product information 724:742 product information 724:742 Added and free sugar content of products was assigned by food composition tables and using labelling and product information. 26828518 11 10 theme adherent 1276:1283 arg1 adults 1269:1274 adults 1269:1274 adults adherent and non-adherent 1269:1300 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 12 11 theme sugar 1431:1435 arg1 guidelines 1437:1446 free sugar guidelines 1426:1446 free sugar guidelines 1426:1446 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE was generally low in the Netherlands, particularly in children. 26828518 6 12 with adults 814:819 arg1 Diet-index 844:853 the Dutch Healthy Diet-index 826:853 the Dutch Healthy Diet-index 826:853 Diet quality was studied in adults with the Dutch Healthy Diet-index. 26828518 7 13 theme % 925:925 arg1 TE 926:927 free sugars intake 14 %TE 903:927 free sugars intake 14 %TE 903:927 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 9 14 theme food 1020:1023 arg1 sources 1025:1031 Main food sources 1015:1031 Main food sources of sugars 1015:1041 Main food sources of sugars were sweets and candy, non-alcoholic beverages, dairy, and cake and cookies. 26828518 7 15 theme intake 915:920 arg1 TE 926:927 free sugars intake 14 %TE 903:927 free sugars intake 14 %TE 903:927 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 1 16 theme scientific 160:169 arg1 debate 171:176 scientific debate 160:176 scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations 160:255 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 6 17 theme Dutch 830:834 arg1 Diet-index 844:853 the Dutch Healthy Diet-index 826:853 the Dutch Healthy Diet-index 826:853 Diet quality was studied in adults with the Dutch Healthy Diet-index. 26828518 2 18 theme overall 456:462 arg1 quality 469:475 overall diet quality 456:475 overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults 456:504 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 7 19 theme free 903:906 arg1 TE 926:927 free sugars intake 14 %TE 903:927 free sugars intake 14 %TE 903:927 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 7 20 theme Total 883:887 arg1 TE 898:899 %TE 897:899 %TE 897:899 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 7 20 theme Total 883:887 arg1 Energy 889:894 Total Energy 883:894 22% Total Energy (%TE) 879:900 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 3 21 from Survey 588:593 arg1 women 528:532 women 528:532 women (7-69 years) 528:545 In all, 3817 men and women (7-69 years) from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 were studied. 26828518 3 21 from Survey 588:593 arg1 years 540:544 7-69 years 535:544 7-69 years 535:544 In all, 3817 men and women (7-69 years) from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 were studied. 26828518 3 21 from Survey 588:593 arg1 men 520:522 3817 men 515:522 3817 men 515:522 In all, 3817 men and women (7-69 years) from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 were studied. 26828518 2 22 theme Dutch 480:484 arg1 children 486:493 Dutch children 480:493 Dutch children 480:493 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 23 from adherence 422:430 arg1 adults 499:504 adults 499:504 adults 499:504 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 23 from adherence 422:430 arg1 children 486:493 Dutch children 480:493 Dutch children 480:493 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 7 24 theme % 897:897 arg1 TE 898:899 %TE 897:899 %TE 897:899 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 7 24 theme % 897:897 arg1 Energy 889:894 Total Energy 883:894 22% Total Energy (%TE) 879:900 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 12 25 theme free 1426:1429 arg1 guidelines 1437:1446 free sugar guidelines 1426:1446 free sugar guidelines 1426:1446 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE was generally low in the Netherlands, particularly in children. 26828518 7 26 theme Total 856:860 arg1 intake 868:873 Total sugar intake 856:873 Total sugar intake 856:873 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 5 27 theme 24-h 772:775 arg1 recalls 777:783 two 24-h recalls 768:783 two 24-h recalls 768:783 Diet was assessed with two 24-h recalls. 26828518 0 28 dep Survey 106:111 arg1 Adherence 45:53 Adherence 45:53 Adherence to Guidelines 45:67 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. 26828518 0 28 dep Survey 106:111 arg1 Consumption 29:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption 0:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption 0:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. 26828518 2 29 theme added 408:412 arg1 sugars 414:419 added sugars 408:419 added sugars 408:419 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 1 30 dep the 260:262 arg1 WHO 264:266 WHO 264:266 WHO 264:266 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 11 31 theme Overall 1226:1232 arg1 quality 1239:1245 Overall diet quality 1226:1245 Overall diet quality 1226:1245 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 1 32 theme sugar 131:135 arg1 intake 137:142 A high sugar intake 124:142 A high sugar intake 124:142 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 1 32 theme sugar 131:135 arg1 subject 149:155 a subject 147:155 a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations 147:255 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 13 33 dep guidelines 1572:1581 arg1 free 1561:1564 free 1561:1564 free 1561:1564 Adherence to the added and free sugar guidelines was not strongly associated with higher diet quality in adults. 26828518 13 33 dep guidelines 1572:1581 arg1 added 1551:1555 added 1551:1555 added 1551:1555 Adherence to the added and free sugar guidelines was not strongly associated with higher diet quality in adults. 26828518 13 34 theme sugar 1566:1570 arg1 guidelines 1572:1581 the added and free sugar guidelines 1547:1581 the added and free sugar guidelines 1547:1581 Adherence to the added and free sugar guidelines was not strongly associated with higher diet quality in adults. 26828518 7 35 dep % 881:881 arg1 TE 898:899 %TE 897:899 %TE 897:899 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 7 35 dep % 881:881 arg1 % 956:956 12 %TE 953:958 12 %TE 953:958 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 7 35 dep % 881:881 arg1 Energy 889:894 Total Energy 883:894 22% Total Energy (%TE) 879:900 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 0 36 theme Dutch 74:78 arg1 Survey 106:111 The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 70:121 The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 70:121 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. 26828518 2 37 theme sugars 383:388 arg1 intake 367:372 the intake 363:372 the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars 363:419 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 37 theme sugars 383:388 arg1 quality 469:475 overall diet quality 456:475 overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults 456:504 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 37 theme sugars 383:388 arg1 adherence 422:430 adherence 422:430 adherence to sugar guidelines 422:450 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 0 38 theme Total 0:4 arg1 Consumption 29:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption 0:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption 0:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. 26828518 1 39 theme sugar 235:239 arg1 recommendations 241:255 recent free sugar recommendations 223:255 recent free sugar recommendations 223:255 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 11 40 contain had 1352:1354 arg1 adults 1345:1350 adherent adults 1336:1350 adherent adults 1336:1350 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 11 40 contain had 1352:1354 arg2 intake 1365:1370 a higher intake 1356:1370 a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables 1356:1402 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 4 41 theme sugar 634:638 arg1 content 640:646 Added and free sugar content 619:646 Added and free sugar content of products 619:658 Added and free sugar content of products was assigned by food composition tables and using labelling and product information. 26828518 0 42 theme Free 7:10 arg1 Consumption 29:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption 0:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption 0:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. 26828518 2 43 theme free 391:394 arg1 sugars 396:401 free sugars 391:401 free sugars 391:401 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 11 44 theme vegetables 1393:1402 arg1 intake 1365:1370 a higher intake 1356:1370 a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables 1356:1402 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 11 45 theme sugar 1309:1313 arg1 guidelines 1315:1324 the sugar guidelines 1305:1324 the sugar guidelines 1305:1324 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 0 46 theme Sugar 23:27 arg1 Consumption 29:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption 0:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption 0:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. 26828518 3 47 theme Dutch 556:560 arg1 Survey 588:593 the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 552:603 the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 552:603 In all, 3817 men and women (7-69 years) from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 were studied. 26828518 12 48 theme TE 1467:1468 arg1 Adherence 1405:1413 Adherence 1405:1413 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE 1405:1468 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE was generally low in the Netherlands, particularly in children. 26828518 10 49 from % 1162:1162 arg1 men 1221:1223 men 1221:1223 men 1221:1223 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 49 from % 1162:1162 arg1 girls 1176:1180 girls 1176:1180 girls 1176:1180 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 49 from % 1162:1162 arg1 years 1188:1192 7-18 years 1183:1192 7-18 years 1183:1192 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 49 from % 1162:1162 arg1 boys 1167:1170 boys 1167:1170 boys 1167:1170 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 49 from % 1162:1162 arg1 women 1203:1207 women 1203:1207 women 1203:1207 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 4 50 theme composition 681:691 arg1 tables 693:698 food composition tables 676:698 food composition tables 676:698 Added and free sugar content of products was assigned by food composition tables and using labelling and product information. 26828518 10 51 theme % 1153:1153 arg1 TE 1154:1155 <10 %TE 1149:1155 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE 1120:1155 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 1 52 theme suggested 189:197 arg1 implications 206:217 the suggested health implications 185:217 the suggested health implications 185:217 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 11 53 theme higher 1358:1363 arg1 intake 1365:1370 a higher intake 1356:1370 a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables 1356:1402 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 7 54 theme sugar 940:944 arg1 intake 946:951 added sugar intake 934:951 added sugar intake 934:951 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 2 55 theme composition 306:316 arg1 table 318:322 a food composition table 299:322 a food composition table for added and free sugars 299:348 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 56 from intake 367:372 arg1 adults 499:504 adults 499:504 adults 499:504 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 56 from intake 367:372 arg1 children 486:493 Dutch children 480:493 Dutch children 480:493 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 12 57 theme TE 1455:1456 arg1 Adherence 1405:1413 Adherence 1405:1413 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE 1405:1468 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE was generally low in the Netherlands, particularly in children. 26828518 3 58 theme Food 571:574 arg1 Survey 588:593 the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 552:603 the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 552:603 In all, 3817 men and women (7-69 years) from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 were studied. 26828518 1 59 theme recent 223:228 arg1 recommendations 241:255 recent free sugar recommendations 223:255 recent free sugar recommendations 223:255 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 8 60 theme Sugar 961:965 arg1 consumption 967:977 Sugar consumption 961:977 Sugar consumption 961:977 Sugar consumption was higher in children than adults. 26828518 10 61 theme free 1131:1134 arg1 intake 1142:1147 Prevalence free sugar intake 1120:1147 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE 1120:1155 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 12 62 theme <10 1462:1464 arg1 % 1466:1466 % 1466:1466 % 1466:1466 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE was generally low in the Netherlands, particularly in children. 26828518 13 63 from quality 1628:1634 arg1 adults 1639:1644 adults 1639:1644 adults 1639:1644 Adherence to the added and free sugar guidelines was not strongly associated with higher diet quality in adults. 26828518 11 64 theme fiber 1383:1387 arg1 intake 1365:1370 a higher intake 1356:1370 a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables 1356:1402 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 10 65 dep intake 1142:1147 arg1 TE 1154:1155 <10 %TE 1149:1155 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE 1120:1155 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 9 66 theme Main 1015:1018 arg1 sources 1025:1031 Main food sources 1015:1031 Main food sources of sugars 1015:1041 Main food sources of sugars were sweets and candy, non-alcoholic beverages, dairy, and cake and cookies. 26828518 13 67 theme higher 1616:1621 arg1 quality 1628:1634 higher diet quality 1616:1634 higher diet quality in adults 1616:1644 Adherence to the added and free sugar guidelines was not strongly associated with higher diet quality in adults. 26828518 0 68 theme Consumption 94:104 arg1 Survey 106:111 The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 70:121 The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 70:121 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. 26828518 13 69 theme diet 1623:1626 arg1 quality 1628:1634 higher diet quality 1616:1634 higher diet quality in adults 1616:1644 Adherence to the added and free sugar guidelines was not strongly associated with higher diet quality in adults. 26828518 6 70 theme Healthy 836:842 arg1 Diet-index 844:853 the Dutch Healthy Diet-index 826:853 the Dutch Healthy Diet-index 826:853 Diet quality was studied in adults with the Dutch Healthy Diet-index. 26828518 2 71 theme diet 464:467 arg1 quality 469:475 overall diet quality 456:475 overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults 456:504 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 9 72 theme sugars 1036:1041 arg1 sources 1025:1031 Main food sources 1015:1031 Main food sources of sugars 1015:1041 Main food sources of sugars were sweets and candy, non-alcoholic beverages, dairy, and cake and cookies. 26828518 1 73 theme debate 171:176 arg1 intake 137:142 A high sugar intake 124:142 A high sugar intake 124:142 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 1 73 theme debate 171:176 arg1 subject 149:155 a subject 147:155 a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations 147:255 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 10 74 from % 1198:1198 arg1 men 1221:1223 men 1221:1223 men 1221:1223 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 74 from % 1198:1198 arg1 girls 1176:1180 girls 1176:1180 girls 1176:1180 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 74 from % 1198:1198 arg1 years 1188:1192 7-18 years 1183:1192 7-18 years 1183:1192 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 74 from % 1198:1198 arg1 boys 1167:1170 boys 1167:1170 boys 1167:1170 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 74 from % 1198:1198 arg1 women 1203:1207 women 1203:1207 women 1203:1207 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 7 75 theme sugars 908:913 arg1 TE 926:927 free sugars intake 14 %TE 903:927 free sugars intake 14 %TE 903:927 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 12 76 dep guidelines 1437:1446 arg1 the 1418:1420 the 1418:1420 the 1418:1420 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE was generally low in the Netherlands, particularly in children. 26828518 9 77 theme non-alcoholic 1066:1078 arg1 beverages 1080:1088 non-alcoholic beverages 1066:1088 non-alcoholic beverages 1066:1088 Main food sources of sugars were sweets and candy, non-alcoholic beverages, dairy, and cake and cookies. 26828518 10 78 from % 1216:1216 arg1 men 1221:1223 men 1221:1223 men 1221:1223 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 78 from % 1216:1216 arg1 girls 1176:1180 girls 1176:1180 girls 1176:1180 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 78 from % 1216:1216 arg1 years 1188:1192 7-18 years 1183:1192 7-18 years 1183:1192 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 78 from % 1216:1216 arg1 boys 1167:1170 boys 1167:1170 boys 1167:1170 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 10 78 from % 1216:1216 arg1 women 1203:1207 women 1203:1207 women 1203:1207 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 2 79 theme sugars 414:419 arg1 intake 367:372 the intake 363:372 the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars 363:419 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 79 theme sugars 414:419 arg1 quality 469:475 overall diet quality 456:475 overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults 456:504 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 79 theme sugars 414:419 arg1 adherence 422:430 adherence 422:430 adherence to sugar guidelines 422:450 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 7 80 theme sugar 862:866 arg1 intake 868:873 Total sugar intake 856:873 Total sugar intake 856:873 Total sugar intake was 22% Total Energy (%TE), free sugars intake 14 %TE, and added sugar intake 12 %TE. 26828518 1 81 theme high 126:129 arg1 intake 137:142 A high sugar intake 124:142 A high sugar intake 124:142 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 1 81 theme high 126:129 arg1 subject 149:155 a subject 147:155 a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations 147:255 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26828518 0 82 theme Food 89:92 arg1 Survey 106:111 The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 70:121 The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 70:121 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. 26828518 2 83 theme sugar 435:439 arg1 guidelines 441:450 sugar guidelines 435:450 sugar guidelines 435:450 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 0 84 theme National 80:87 arg1 Survey 106:111 The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 70:121 The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 70:121 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. 26828518 4 85 theme products 651:658 arg1 content 640:646 Added and free sugar content 619:646 Added and free sugar content of products 619:658 Added and free sugar content of products was assigned by food composition tables and using labelling and product information. 26828518 2 86 theme free 338:341 arg1 sugars 343:348 added and free sugars 328:348 added and free sugars 328:348 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 87 theme total 377:381 arg1 sugars 383:388 total sugars 377:388 total sugars 377:388 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 4 88 theme Added 619:623 arg1 content 640:646 Added and free sugar content 619:646 Added and free sugar content of products 619:658 Added and free sugar content of products was assigned by food composition tables and using labelling and product information. 26828518 2 89 theme added 328:332 arg1 sugars 343:348 added and free sugars 328:348 added and free sugars 328:348 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 11 90 theme adherent 1336:1343 arg1 adults 1345:1350 adherent adults 1336:1350 adherent adults 1336:1350 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 4 91 theme free 629:632 arg1 content 640:646 Added and free sugar content 619:646 Added and free sugar content of products 619:658 Added and free sugar content of products was assigned by food composition tables and using labelling and product information. 26828518 0 92 theme Added 17:21 arg1 Consumption 29:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption 0:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption 0:39 Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. 26828518 2 93 theme sugars 396:401 arg1 intake 367:372 the intake 363:372 the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars 363:419 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 93 theme sugars 396:401 arg1 quality 469:475 overall diet quality 456:475 overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults 456:504 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 93 theme sugars 396:401 arg1 adherence 422:430 adherence 422:430 adherence to sugar guidelines 422:450 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 10 94 theme sugar 1136:1140 arg1 intake 1142:1147 Prevalence free sugar intake 1120:1147 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE 1120:1155 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 12 95 from Netherlands 1495:1505 arg1 children 1524:1531 children 1524:1531 children 1524:1531 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE was generally low in the Netherlands, particularly in children. 26828518 10 96 theme Prevalence 1120:1129 arg1 intake 1142:1147 Prevalence free sugar intake 1120:1147 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE 1120:1155 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 12 97 theme % 1466:1466 arg1 TE 1467:1468 <10 %TE 1462:1468 <10 %TE 1462:1468 Adherence to the WHO free sugar guidelines of <5 %TE and <10 %TE was generally low in the Netherlands, particularly in children. 26828518 11 98 dep similar 1251:1257 arg1 comparing 1259:1267 comparing 1259:1267 comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines 1259:1324 Overall diet quality was similar comparing adults adherent and non-adherent to the sugar guidelines, although adherent adults had a higher intake of dietary fiber and vegetables. 26828518 2 99 from quality 469:475 arg1 adults 499:504 adults 499:504 adults 499:504 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 2 99 from quality 469:475 arg1 children 486:493 Dutch children 480:493 Dutch children 480:493 The objective was to complete a food composition table for added and free sugars, to estimate the intake of total sugars, free sugars, and added sugars, adherence to sugar guidelines and overall diet quality in Dutch children and adults. 26828518 3 100 theme Consumption 576:586 arg1 Survey 588:593 the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 552:603 the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 552:603 In all, 3817 men and women (7-69 years) from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 were studied. 26828518 4 101 theme food 676:679 arg1 tables 693:698 food composition tables 676:698 food composition tables 676:698 Added and free sugar content of products was assigned by food composition tables and using labelling and product information. 26828518 10 102 theme <10 1149:1151 arg1 % 1153:1153 % 1153:1153 % 1153:1153 Prevalence free sugar intake <10 %TE was 5% in boys and girls (7-18 years), 29% in women, and 33% in men. 26828518 1 103 theme health 199:204 arg1 implications 206:217 the suggested health implications 185:217 the suggested health implications 185:217 A high sugar intake is a subject of scientific debate due to the suggested health implications and recent free sugar recommendations by the WHO. 26703576 5 0 theme durum 577:581 arg1 genotypes 589:597 two durum wheat genotypes 573:597 two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303" 573:664 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 11 1 theme heat-stress 1435:1445 arg1 treatments 1447:1456 short heat-stress treatments 1429:1456 short heat-stress treatments 1429:1456 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 5 2 theme grain 564:568 arg1 profile 549:555 metabolic profile 539:555 metabolic profile 539:555 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 2 theme grain 564:568 arg1 composition 501:511 the nutritional composition 485:511 the nutritional composition 485:511 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 2 theme grain 564:568 arg1 capacity 526:533 antioxidant capacity 514:533 antioxidant capacity 514:533 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 8 3 theme heat 1003:1006 arg1 stress 1008:1013 heat stress 1003:1013 heat stress 1003:1013 Although some metabolites (e.g., sucrose, glycerol) increased in response to heat stress in both genotypes, clear differences were observed. 26703576 4 4 theme qualitative 325:335 arg1 characteristics 337:351 the qualitative characteristics 321:351 the qualitative characteristics of the grain 321:364 is momentous for human nutrition, and environmental stresses can strongly limit the expression of yield potential and affect the qualitative characteristics of the grain. 26703576 10 5 theme quantitative 1373:1384 arg1 parameters 1386:1395 the qualitative and quantitative parameters 1353:1395 the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain 1353:1415 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 10 6 theme qualitative 1357:1367 arg1 parameters 1386:1395 the qualitative and quantitative parameters 1353:1395 the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain 1353:1415 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 5 7 theme metabolic 539:547 arg1 profile 549:555 metabolic profile 539:555 metabolic profile 539:555 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 4 8 theme potential 300:308 arg1 expression 280:289 the expression 276:289 the expression of yield potential 276:308 is momentous for human nutrition, and environmental stresses can strongly limit the expression of yield potential and affect the qualitative characteristics of the grain. 26703576 5 9 theme wheat 583:587 arg1 genotypes 589:597 two durum wheat genotypes 573:597 two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303" 573:664 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 10 10 theme mature 1404:1409 arg1 grain 1411:1415 the mature grain 1400:1415 the mature grain 1400:1415 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 8 11 theme clear 1034:1038 arg1 differences 1040:1050 clear differences 1034:1050 clear differences 1034:1050 Although some metabolites (e.g., sucrose, glycerol) increased in response to heat stress in both genotypes, clear differences were observed. 26703576 5 12 theme Primadur 601:608 arg1 " 609:609 "Primadur" 600:609 "Primadur" 600:609 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 6 13 theme immature 821:828 arg1 seeds 867:871 immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds 821:871 immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds 821:871 Qualitative traits and metabolite evaluation (by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry) were carried out on immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds. 26703576 5 14 with cultivar 621:628 arg1 index 647:651 high yellow index 635:651 high yellow index 635:651 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 9 15 theme heat 1081:1084 arg1 stress 1086:1091 the heat stress 1077:1091 the heat stress 1077:1091 Following the heat stress, there was a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur", with a general decrease in "T1303". 26703576 5 16 theme anthocyanin-rich 670:685 arg1 grain 564:568 the grain 560:568 the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303" 560:664 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 16 theme anthocyanin-rich 670:685 arg1 cultivar 694:701 an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar 667:701 an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar 667:701 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 7 17 theme stress 894:899 arg1 genotype-dependent 906:923 genotype-dependent 906:923 genotype-dependent 906:923 The effects of heat stress were genotype-dependent. 26703576 7 17 theme stress 894:899 arg1 effects 878:884 The effects 874:884 The effects of heat stress 874:899 The effects of heat stress were genotype-dependent. 26703576 4 18 theme grain 360:364 arg1 characteristics 337:351 the qualitative characteristics 321:351 the qualitative characteristics of the grain 321:364 is momentous for human nutrition, and environmental stresses can strongly limit the expression of yield potential and affect the qualitative characteristics of the grain. 26703576 6 19 dep immature 821:828 arg1 days 834:837 14 days 831:837 14 days after flowering 831:853 Qualitative traits and metabolite evaluation (by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry) were carried out on immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds. 26703576 0 20 from Properties 83:92 arg1 Composition 54:64 Composition 54:64 Composition 54:64 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 0 20 from Properties 83:92 arg1 Accumulation 37:48 Metabolite Accumulation 26:48 Metabolite Accumulation 26:48 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 11 21 theme different 1541:1549 arg1 ways 1551:1554 different ways 1541:1554 different ways 1541:1554 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 5 22 theme yellow 640:645 arg1 index 647:651 high yellow index 635:651 high yellow index 635:651 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 9 23 theme general 1106:1112 arg1 increase 1114:1121 a general increase 1104:1121 a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur" 1104:1171 Following the heat stress, there was a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur", with a general decrease in "T1303". 26703576 5 24 theme purple 687:692 arg1 grain 564:568 the grain 560:568 the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303" 560:664 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 24 theme purple 687:692 arg1 cultivar 694:701 an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar 667:701 an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar 667:701 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 6 25 theme mature 860:865 arg1 seeds 867:871 immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds 821:871 immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds 821:871 Qualitative traits and metabolite evaluation (by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry) were carried out on immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds. 26703576 11 26 from wheat 1532:1536 arg1 ways 1551:1554 different ways 1541:1554 different ways 1541:1554 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 10 27 theme seed 1242:1245 arg1 development 1247:1257 seed development 1242:1257 seed development 1242:1257 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 5 28 dep genotypes 589:597 arg1 cultivar 621:628 an elite cultivar 612:628 an elite cultivar with high yellow index 612:651 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 28 dep genotypes 589:597 arg1 " 664:664 "T1303" 658:664 "T1303" 658:664 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 28 dep genotypes 589:597 arg1 " 609:609 "Primadur" 600:609 "Primadur" 600:609 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 0 29 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Composition 54:64 Composition 54:64 Composition 54:64 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 0 29 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Accumulation 37:48 Metabolite Accumulation 26:48 Metabolite Accumulation 26:48 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 5 30 theme elite 615:619 arg1 cultivar 621:628 an elite cultivar 612:628 an elite cultivar with high yellow index 612:651 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 31 theme antioxidant 514:524 arg1 capacity 526:533 antioxidant capacity 514:533 antioxidant capacity 514:533 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 0 32 theme Durum 97:101 arg1 Grain 109:113 Durum Wheat Grain 97:113 Durum Wheat Grain 97:113 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 9 33 theme analyzed 1138:1145 arg1 metabolites 1147:1157 the analyzed metabolites 1134:1157 the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur" 1134:1171 Following the heat stress, there was a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur", with a general decrease in "T1303". 26703576 4 34 theme environmental 234:246 arg1 stresses 248:255 environmental stresses 234:255 environmental stresses 234:255 is momentous for human nutrition, and environmental stresses can strongly limit the expression of yield potential and affect the qualitative characteristics of the grain. 26703576 10 35 theme immature 1298:1305 arg1 seeds 1307:1311 immature seeds 1298:1311 immature seeds 1298:1311 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 0 36 theme Heat 11:14 arg1 Stress 16:21 Heat Stress 11:21 Heat Stress 11:21 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 9 37 theme Primadur 1163:1170 arg1 " 1171:1171 "Primadur" 1162:1171 "Primadur" 1162:1171 Following the heat stress, there was a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur", with a general decrease in "T1303". 26703576 4 38 theme human 213:217 arg1 nutrition 219:227 human nutrition 213:227 human nutrition 213:227 is momentous for human nutrition, and environmental stresses can strongly limit the expression of yield potential and affect the qualitative characteristics of the grain. 26703576 11 39 theme genotypes 1513:1521 arg1 grain 1494:1498 grain 1494:1498 grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways 1494:1554 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 1 40 dep subsp 152:156 arg1 wheat 122:126 Durum wheat 116:126 Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum (L.) 116:150 Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum (L.) subsp. 26703576 6 41 theme metabolite 727:736 arg1 evaluation 738:747 metabolite evaluation 727:747 metabolite evaluation (by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry) 727:799 Qualitative traits and metabolite evaluation (by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry) were carried out on immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds. 26703576 10 42 theme long-term 1322:1330 arg1 effects 1332:1338 long-term effects 1322:1338 long-term effects 1322:1338 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 4 43 theme yield 294:298 arg1 potential 300:308 yield potential 294:308 yield potential 294:308 is momentous for human nutrition, and environmental stresses can strongly limit the expression of yield potential and affect the qualitative characteristics of the grain. 26703576 11 44 theme durum 1526:1530 arg1 wheat 1532:1536 durum wheat 1526:1536 durum wheat in different ways 1526:1554 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 11 45 theme short 1429:1433 arg1 treatments 1447:1456 short heat-stress treatments 1429:1456 short heat-stress treatments 1429:1456 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 6 46 theme mass 782:785 arg1 spectrometry 787:798 mass spectrometry 782:798 mass spectrometry 782:798 Qualitative traits and metabolite evaluation (by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry) were carried out on immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds. 26703576 5 47 with " 664:664 arg1 index 647:651 high yellow index 635:651 high yellow index 635:651 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 48 dep days 456:459 arg1 flowering 467:475 flowering 467:475 flowering 467:475 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 49 from °C 439:440 arg1 days 428:431 five days 423:431 five days at 37 °C 423:440 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 6 50 theme gas 753:755 arg1 chromatography 757:770 gas chromatography 753:770 gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry 753:798 Qualitative traits and metabolite evaluation (by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry) were carried out on immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds. 26703576 10 51 theme grain 1411:1415 arg1 parameters 1386:1395 the qualitative and quantitative parameters 1353:1395 the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain 1353:1415 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 11 52 theme nutritional 1473:1483 arg1 value 1485:1489 the nutritional value 1469:1489 the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways 1469:1554 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 10 53 theme Heat 1210:1213 arg1 shock 1215:1219 Heat shock 1210:1219 Heat shock applied early during seed development 1210:1257 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 9 54 from metabolites 1147:1157 arg1 " 1171:1171 "Primadur" 1162:1171 "Primadur" 1162:1171 Following the heat stress, there was a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur", with a general decrease in "T1303". 26703576 8 55 dep sucrose 959:965 arg1 e.g. 953:956 e.g. 953:956 e.g. 953:956 Although some metabolites (e.g., sucrose, glycerol) increased in response to heat stress in both genotypes, clear differences were observed. 26703576 5 56 theme heat 410:413 arg1 stress 415:420 heat stress 410:420 heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering 410:475 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 3 57 dep durum 181:185 arg1 Desf 188:191 Desf 188:191 Desf. 188:192 durum (Desf.)) 26703576 8 58 dep metabolites 940:950 arg1 sucrose 959:965 sucrose 959:965 sucrose 959:965 Although some metabolites (e.g., sucrose, glycerol) increased in response to heat stress in both genotypes, clear differences were observed. 26703576 8 58 dep metabolites 940:950 arg1 glycerol 968:975 glycerol 968:975 glycerol 968:975 Although some metabolites (e.g., sucrose, glycerol) increased in response to heat stress in both genotypes, clear differences were observed. 26703576 7 59 theme heat 889:892 arg1 stress 894:899 heat stress 889:899 heat stress 889:899 The effects of heat stress were genotype-dependent. 26703576 9 60 from increase 1114:1121 arg1 most 1126:1129 most 1126:1129 most 1126:1129 Following the heat stress, there was a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur", with a general decrease in "T1303". 26703576 9 60 from increase 1114:1121 arg1 metabolites 1147:1157 the analyzed metabolites 1134:1157 the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur" 1134:1171 Following the heat stress, there was a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur", with a general decrease in "T1303". 26703576 11 61 from ways 1551:1554 arg1 genotypes 1513:1521 different genotypes 1503:1521 different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways 1503:1554 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 5 62 dep stress 415:420 arg1 days 428:431 five days 423:431 five days at 37 °C 423:440 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 63 theme genotypes 589:597 arg1 grain 564:568 the grain 560:568 the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303" 560:664 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 63 theme genotypes 589:597 arg1 cultivar 694:701 an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar 667:701 an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar 667:701 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 1 64 theme Durum 116:120 arg1 wheat 122:126 Durum wheat 116:126 Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum (L.) 116:150 Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum (L.) subsp. 26703576 5 65 theme high 635:638 arg1 index 647:651 high yellow index 635:651 high yellow index 635:651 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 0 66 theme Nutritional 71:81 arg1 Properties 83:92 Nutritional Properties 71:92 Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain 71:113 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 0 67 theme Grain 109:113 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition 0:64 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 0 67 theme Grain 109:113 arg1 Properties 83:92 Nutritional Properties 71:92 Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain 71:113 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 8 68 dep stress 1008:1013 arg1 response 991:998 response 991:998 response 991:998 Although some metabolites (e.g., sucrose, glycerol) increased in response to heat stress in both genotypes, clear differences were observed. 26703576 10 69 located observed 1286:1293 arg1 effects 1332:1338 long-term effects 1322:1338 long-term effects 1322:1338 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 10 69 located observed 1286:1293 arg2 changes 1268:1274 changes 1268:1274 changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain 1268:1415 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 10 69 located observed 1286:1293 arg1 seeds 1307:1311 immature seeds 1298:1311 immature seeds 1298:1311 Heat shock applied early during seed development produced changes that were observed in immature seeds and also long-term effects that changed the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the mature grain. 26703576 1 70 dep wheat 122:126 arg1 Triticum 129:136 Triticum 129:136 Triticum 129:136 Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum (L.) subsp. 26703576 0 71 theme Wheat 103:107 arg1 Grain 109:113 Durum Wheat Grain 97:113 Durum Wheat Grain 97:113 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 11 72 from genotypes 1513:1521 arg1 ways 1551:1554 different ways 1541:1554 different ways 1541:1554 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 6 73 attach linked 772:777 arg1 spectrometry 787:798 mass spectrometry 782:798 mass spectrometry 782:798 Qualitative traits and metabolite evaluation (by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry) were carried out on immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds. 26703576 6 73 attach linked 772:777 arg2 chromatography 757:770 gas chromatography 753:770 gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry 753:798 Qualitative traits and metabolite evaluation (by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry) were carried out on immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds. 26703576 0 74 theme Stress 16:21 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition 0:64 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 0 74 theme Stress 16:21 arg1 Properties 83:92 Nutritional Properties 71:92 Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain 71:113 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 5 75 theme nutritional 489:499 arg1 composition 501:511 the nutritional composition 485:511 the nutritional composition 485:511 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 5 76 with " 609:609 arg1 index 647:651 high yellow index 635:651 high yellow index 635:651 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 11 77 theme different 1503:1511 arg1 genotypes 1513:1521 different genotypes 1503:1521 different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways 1503:1554 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 1 78 dep Triticum 129:136 arg1 L. 148:149 L. 148:149 L. 148:149 Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum (L.) subsp. 26703576 1 78 dep Triticum 129:136 arg1 turgidum 138:145 Triticum turgidum 129:145 Triticum turgidum (L. 129:149 Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum (L.) subsp. 26703576 0 79 theme Metabolite 26:35 arg1 Accumulation 37:48 Metabolite Accumulation 26:48 Metabolite Accumulation 26:48 Effects of Heat Stress on Metabolite Accumulation and Composition, and Nutritional Properties of Durum Wheat Grain. 26703576 11 80 theme grain 1494:1498 arg1 value 1485:1489 the nutritional value 1469:1489 the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways 1469:1554 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 5 81 theme T1303 659:663 arg1 " 664:664 "T1303" 658:664 "T1303" 658:664 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 11 82 theme wheat 1532:1536 arg1 genotypes 1513:1521 different genotypes 1503:1521 different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways 1503:1554 Therefore, short heat-stress treatments can affect the nutritional value of grain of different genotypes of durum wheat in different ways. 26703576 9 83 theme general 1181:1187 arg1 decrease 1189:1196 a general decrease 1179:1196 a general decrease in "T1303" 1179:1207 Following the heat stress, there was a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur", with a general decrease in "T1303". 26703576 9 84 from decrease 1189:1196 arg1 " 1207:1207 "T1303" 1201:1207 "T1303" 1201:1207 Following the heat stress, there was a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur", with a general decrease in "T1303". 26703576 6 85 theme Qualitative 704:714 arg1 traits 716:721 Qualitative traits 704:721 Qualitative traits 704:721 Qualitative traits and metabolite evaluation (by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry) were carried out on immature (14 days after flowering) and mature seeds. 26703576 5 86 theme study 383:387 arg1 aim 371:373 The aim 367:373 The aim of this study 367:387 The aim of this study was to determine how heat stress (five days at 37 °C) applied five days after flowering affects the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and metabolic profile of the grain of two durum wheat genotypes: "Primadur", an elite cultivar with high yellow index, and "T1303", an anthocyanin-rich purple cultivar. 26703576 9 87 theme T1303 1202:1206 arg1 " 1207:1207 "T1303" 1201:1207 "T1303" 1201:1207 Following the heat stress, there was a general increase in most of the analyzed metabolites in "Primadur", with a general decrease in "T1303". 27485896 0 0 theme microbial 93:101 arg1 culture 103:109 halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture 47:109 halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture 47:109 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 5 1 theme microbial 722:730 arg1 diversity 732:740 the microbial diversity and community composition 718:766 diversity 732:740 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 7 2 theme 27.3 1054:1057 arg1 % 1058:1058 % 1058:1058 % 1058:1058 The starch-enriched MMC only had 27.3% CDW of PHA. 27485896 9 3 theme PHA 1264:1266 arg1 bacteria 1281:1288 the possible PHA accumulating bacteria 1251:1288 the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC 1251:1312 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 9 3 theme PHA 1264:1266 arg1 Genus 1213:1217 Genus 1213:1217 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia 1213:1244 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 2 4 theme PHA 356:358 arg1 production 360:369 low-cost PHA production 347:369 low-cost PHA production 347:369 Enriching mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) with the capacity to store PHA is a key precursor for low-cost PHA production. 27485896 0 5 theme mixed 87:91 arg1 culture 103:109 halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture 47:109 halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture 47:109 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 5 6 theme PHA 621:623 arg1 capacity 636:643 The PHA production capacity 617:643 The PHA production capacity 617:643 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 6 7 theme maximum 959:965 arg1 content 971:977 a maximum PHA content 957:977 a maximum PHA content of 64.7% 957:986 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 2 8 theme low-cost 347:354 arg1 production 360:369 low-cost PHA production 347:369 low-cost PHA production 347:369 Enriching mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) with the capacity to store PHA is a key precursor for low-cost PHA production. 27485896 11 9 theme PHA 1451:1453 arg1 genus 1432:1436 Vibrio genus 1425:1436 Vibrio genus 1425:1436 Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. 27485896 11 9 theme PHA 1451:1453 arg1 bacteria 1468:1475 the only PHA accumulating bacteria 1442:1475 the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC 1442:1498 Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. 27485896 6 10 theme PHA 967:969 arg1 content 971:977 a maximum PHA content 957:977 a maximum PHA content of 64.7% 957:986 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 0 11 from Effects 0:6 arg1 enrichment 33:42 the enrichment 29:42 the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process 29:147 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 5 12 theme production 625:634 arg1 capacity 636:643 The PHA production capacity 617:643 The PHA production capacity 617:643 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 10 13 theme Piscicoccus 1337:1347 arg1 PHA 1374:1376 PHA 1374:1376 PHA accumulating bacteria in glucose-enriched MMC 1374:1422 Genus of Oceanicella, Piscicoccus and Vibrio were found as PHA accumulating bacteria in glucose-enriched MMC. 27485896 10 13 theme Piscicoccus 1337:1347 arg1 Genus 1315:1319 Genus 1315:1319 Genus of Oceanicella, Piscicoccus and Vibrio 1315:1358 Genus of Oceanicella, Piscicoccus and Vibrio were found as PHA accumulating bacteria in glucose-enriched MMC. 27485896 11 14 theme accumulating 1455:1466 arg1 genus 1432:1436 Vibrio genus 1425:1436 Vibrio genus 1425:1436 Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. 27485896 11 14 theme accumulating 1455:1466 arg1 bacteria 1468:1475 the only PHA accumulating bacteria 1442:1475 the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC 1442:1498 Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. 27485896 4 15 theme long-term 568:576 arg1 ADF 603:605 ADF 603:605 ADF 603:605 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 4 15 theme long-term 568:576 arg1 feeding 594:600 long-term aerobic dynamic feeding 568:600 long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods 568:614 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 0 16 theme culture 103:109 arg1 enrichment 33:42 the enrichment 29:42 the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process 29:147 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 11 17 theme starch-enriched 1480:1494 arg1 MMC 1496:1498 starch-enriched MMC 1480:1498 starch-enriched MMC 1480:1498 Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. 27485896 0 18 theme aerobic 117:123 arg1 process 141:147 an aerobic dynamic feeding process 114:147 an aerobic dynamic feeding process 114:147 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 0 19 from enrichment 33:42 arg1 process 141:147 an aerobic dynamic feeding process 114:147 an aerobic dynamic feeding process 114:147 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 7 20 theme starch-enriched 1025:1039 arg1 MMC 1041:1043 The starch-enriched MMC 1021:1043 The starch-enriched MMC 1021:1043 The starch-enriched MMC only had 27.3% CDW of PHA. 27485896 6 21 theme cell 998:1001 arg1 CDW 1015:1017 CDW 1015:1017 CDW 1015:1017 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 6 21 theme cell 998:1001 arg1 weight 1007:1012 60.5% cell dry weight 992:1012 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW) 992:1018 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 11 22 from bacteria 1468:1475 arg1 MMC 1496:1498 starch-enriched MMC 1480:1498 starch-enriched MMC 1480:1498 Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. 27485896 6 23 theme feast-famine 871:882 arg1 regimes 890:896 feast-famine (F-F) regimes 871:896 feast-famine (F-F) regimes 871:896 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 7 24 theme PHA 1067:1069 arg1 CDW 1060:1062 27.3% CDW 1054:1062 27.3% CDW of PHA 1054:1069 The starch-enriched MMC only had 27.3% CDW of PHA. 27485896 6 25 theme % 986:986 arg1 content 971:977 a maximum PHA content 957:977 a maximum PHA content of 64.7% 957:986 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 6 25 theme % 986:986 arg1 CDW 1015:1017 CDW 1015:1017 CDW 1015:1017 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 6 25 theme % 986:986 arg1 weight 1007:1012 60.5% cell dry weight 992:1012 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW) 992:1018 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 4 26 theme acetate 481:487 arg1 sodium 489:494 acetate sodium 481:494 acetate sodium 481:494 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 8 27 theme F-F 1189:1191 arg1 pressure 1203:1210 severe F-F selective pressure 1182:1210 severe F-F selective pressure 1182:1210 High-throughput sequencing revealed that non-PHA bacteria survived alongside PHA storing bacteria, even under severe F-F selective pressure. 27485896 8 28 theme non-PHA 1113:1119 arg1 bacteria 1121:1128 non-PHA bacteria 1113:1128 non-PHA bacteria 1113:1128 High-throughput sequencing revealed that non-PHA bacteria survived alongside PHA storing bacteria, even under severe F-F selective pressure. 27485896 9 29 theme accumulating 1268:1279 arg1 bacteria 1281:1288 the possible PHA accumulating bacteria 1251:1288 the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC 1251:1312 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 9 29 theme accumulating 1268:1279 arg1 Genus 1213:1217 Genus 1213:1217 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia 1213:1244 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 9 30 from bacteria 1281:1288 arg1 MMC 1310:1312 acetate-enriched MMC 1293:1312 acetate-enriched MMC 1293:1312 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 8 31 theme selective 1193:1201 arg1 pressure 1203:1210 severe F-F selective pressure 1182:1210 severe F-F selective pressure 1182:1210 High-throughput sequencing revealed that non-PHA bacteria survived alongside PHA storing bacteria, even under severe F-F selective pressure. 27485896 3 32 theme enrichment 426:435 arg1 outcomes 437:444 enrichment outcomes 426:444 enrichment outcomes 426:444 This study investigated the impact of carbon types on enrichment outcomes. 27485896 0 33 theme sources 18:24 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 0:148 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 4 34 theme carbon 533:538 arg1 source 540:545 an enriching carbon source 520:545 an enriching carbon source 520:545 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 4 34 theme carbon 533:538 arg1 MMCs 453:456 Three MMCs 447:456 Three MMCs 447:456 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 0 35 theme feeding 133:139 arg1 process 141:147 an aerobic dynamic feeding process 114:147 an aerobic dynamic feeding process 114:147 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 10 36 theme Vibrio 1353:1358 arg1 PHA 1374:1376 PHA 1374:1376 PHA accumulating bacteria in glucose-enriched MMC 1374:1422 Genus of Oceanicella, Piscicoccus and Vibrio were found as PHA accumulating bacteria in glucose-enriched MMC. 27485896 10 36 theme Vibrio 1353:1358 arg1 Genus 1315:1319 Genus 1315:1319 Genus of Oceanicella, Piscicoccus and Vibrio 1315:1358 Genus of Oceanicella, Piscicoccus and Vibrio were found as PHA accumulating bacteria in glucose-enriched MMC. 27485896 8 37 theme storing 1153:1159 arg1 bacteria 1161:1168 PHA storing bacteria 1149:1168 PHA storing bacteria 1149:1168 High-throughput sequencing revealed that non-PHA bacteria survived alongside PHA storing bacteria, even under severe F-F selective pressure. 27485896 10 38 theme glucose-enriched 1403:1418 arg1 MMC 1420:1422 glucose-enriched MMC 1403:1422 glucose-enriched MMC 1403:1422 Genus of Oceanicella, Piscicoccus and Vibrio were found as PHA accumulating bacteria in glucose-enriched MMC. 27485896 6 39 theme dry 1003:1005 arg1 CDW 1015:1017 CDW 1015:1017 CDW 1015:1017 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 6 39 theme dry 1003:1005 arg1 weight 1007:1012 60.5% cell dry weight 992:1012 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW) 992:1018 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 0 40 theme carbon 11:16 arg1 sources 18:24 carbon sources 11:24 carbon sources 11:24 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 0 41 theme dynamic 125:131 arg1 process 141:147 an aerobic dynamic feeding process 114:147 an aerobic dynamic feeding process 114:147 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 5 42 theme enrichment 806:815 arg1 correlations 817:828 carbon and enrichment correlations 795:828 carbon and enrichment correlations 795:828 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 3 43 theme carbon 410:415 arg1 types 417:421 carbon types 410:421 carbon types 410:421 This study investigated the impact of carbon types on enrichment outcomes. 27485896 9 44 theme acetate-enriched 1293:1308 arg1 MMC 1310:1312 acetate-enriched MMC 1293:1312 acetate-enriched MMC 1293:1312 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 5 45 theme enrichments 680:690 arg1 composition 756:766 the microbial diversity and community composition 718:766 composition 756:766 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 5 45 theme enrichments 680:690 arg1 kinetics 646:653 kinetics 646:653 kinetics 646:653 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 5 45 theme enrichments 680:690 arg1 diversity 732:740 the microbial diversity and community composition 718:766 diversity 732:740 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 5 45 theme enrichments 680:690 arg1 stoichiometry 659:671 stoichiometry 659:671 stoichiometry 659:671 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 5 45 theme enrichments 680:690 arg1 composition 701:711 the PHA composition 693:711 the PHA composition 693:711 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 5 45 theme enrichments 680:690 arg1 capacity 636:643 The PHA production capacity 617:643 The PHA production capacity 617:643 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 6 46 theme enriching 847:855 arg1 periods 857:863 350-cycle enriching periods 837:863 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes 837:896 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 2 47 theme mixed 261:265 arg1 cultures 277:284 mixed microbial cultures 261:284 mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) 261:291 Enriching mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) with the capacity to store PHA is a key precursor for low-cost PHA production. 27485896 2 47 theme mixed 261:265 arg1 MMCs 287:290 MMCs 287:290 MMCs 287:290 Enriching mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) with the capacity to store PHA is a key precursor for low-cost PHA production. 27485896 8 48 theme severe 1182:1187 arg1 pressure 1203:1210 severe F-F selective pressure 1182:1210 severe F-F selective pressure 1182:1210 High-throughput sequencing revealed that non-PHA bacteria survived alongside PHA storing bacteria, even under severe F-F selective pressure. 27485896 6 49 theme % 996:996 arg1 CDW 1015:1017 CDW 1015:1017 CDW 1015:1017 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 6 49 theme % 996:996 arg1 weight 1007:1012 60.5% cell dry weight 992:1012 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW) 992:1018 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 3 50 theme types 417:421 arg1 impact 400:405 the impact 396:405 the impact of carbon types on enrichment outcomes 396:444 This study investigated the impact of carbon types on enrichment outcomes. 27485896 6 51 theme acetate 920:926 arg1 sodium 928:933 acetate sodium 920:933 acetate sodium 920:933 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 5 52 theme community 746:754 arg1 composition 756:766 the microbial diversity and community composition 718:766 composition 756:766 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 5 53 theme PHA 697:699 arg1 composition 701:711 the PHA composition 693:711 the PHA composition 693:711 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 1 54 theme petroleum-based 225:239 arg1 plastics 241:248 petroleum-based plastics 225:248 petroleum-based plastics 225:248 Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production serves as a substitute for petroleum-based plastics. 27485896 7 55 theme % 1058:1058 arg1 CDW 1060:1062 27.3% CDW 1054:1062 27.3% CDW of PHA 1054:1069 The starch-enriched MMC only had 27.3% CDW of PHA. 27485896 8 56 theme PHA 1149:1151 arg1 bacteria 1161:1168 PHA storing bacteria 1149:1168 PHA storing bacteria 1149:1168 High-throughput sequencing revealed that non-PHA bacteria survived alongside PHA storing bacteria, even under severe F-F selective pressure. 27485896 12 57 theme substrate 1563:1571 arg1 types 1573:1577 the substrate types 1559:1577 the substrate types 1559:1577 The community diversity and composition were regulated by the substrate types. 27485896 9 58 theme possible 1255:1262 arg1 bacteria 1281:1288 the possible PHA accumulating bacteria 1251:1288 the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC 1251:1312 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 9 58 theme possible 1255:1262 arg1 Genus 1213:1217 Genus 1213:1217 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia 1213:1244 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 9 59 theme Stappia 1238:1244 arg1 bacteria 1281:1288 the possible PHA accumulating bacteria 1251:1288 the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC 1251:1312 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 9 59 theme Stappia 1238:1244 arg1 Genus 1213:1217 Genus 1213:1217 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia 1213:1244 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 4 60 theme enriching 523:531 arg1 source 540:545 an enriching carbon source 520:545 an enriching carbon source 520:545 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 4 60 theme enriching 523:531 arg1 MMCs 453:456 Three MMCs 447:456 Three MMCs 447:456 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 6 61 contain contained 947:955 arg1 MMCs 903:906 the MMCs 899:906 the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose 899:945 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 6 61 contain contained 947:955 arg2 CDW 1015:1017 CDW 1015:1017 CDW 1015:1017 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 6 61 contain contained 947:955 arg2 content 971:977 a maximum PHA content 957:977 a maximum PHA content of 64.7% 957:986 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 6 61 contain contained 947:955 arg2 weight 1007:1012 60.5% cell dry weight 992:1012 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW) 992:1018 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 9 62 theme Pseudomonas 1222:1232 arg1 bacteria 1281:1288 the possible PHA accumulating bacteria 1251:1288 the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC 1251:1312 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 9 62 theme Pseudomonas 1222:1232 arg1 Genus 1213:1217 Genus 1213:1217 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia 1213:1244 Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. 27485896 6 63 theme 350-cycle 837:845 arg1 periods 857:863 350-cycle enriching periods 837:863 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes 837:896 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 8 64 theme High-throughput 1072:1086 arg1 sequencing 1088:1097 High-throughput sequencing 1072:1097 High-throughput sequencing 1072:1097 High-throughput sequencing revealed that non-PHA bacteria survived alongside PHA storing bacteria, even under severe F-F selective pressure. 27485896 12 65 theme community 1505:1513 arg1 diversity 1515:1523 The community diversity 1501:1523 The community diversity 1501:1523 The community diversity and composition were regulated by the substrate types. 27485896 2 66 theme key 329:331 arg1 precursor 333:341 a key precursor 327:341 a key precursor for low-cost PHA production 327:369 Enriching mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) with the capacity to store PHA is a key precursor for low-cost PHA production. 27485896 11 67 theme only 1446:1449 arg1 genus 1432:1436 Vibrio genus 1425:1436 Vibrio genus 1425:1436 Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. 27485896 11 67 theme only 1446:1449 arg1 bacteria 1468:1475 the only PHA accumulating bacteria 1442:1475 the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC 1442:1498 Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. 27485896 4 68 theme dynamic 586:592 arg1 ADF 603:605 ADF 603:605 ADF 603:605 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 4 68 theme dynamic 586:592 arg1 feeding 594:600 long-term aerobic dynamic feeding 568:600 long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods 568:614 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 5 69 theme carbon 795:800 arg1 correlations 817:828 carbon and enrichment correlations 795:828 carbon and enrichment correlations 795:828 The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. 27485896 11 70 theme Vibrio 1425:1430 arg1 genus 1432:1436 Vibrio genus 1425:1436 Vibrio genus 1425:1436 Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. 27485896 11 70 theme Vibrio 1425:1430 arg1 bacteria 1468:1475 the only PHA accumulating bacteria 1442:1475 the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC 1442:1498 Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. 27485896 4 71 theme aerobic 578:584 arg1 ADF 603:605 ADF 603:605 ADF 603:605 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 4 71 theme aerobic 578:584 arg1 feeding 594:600 long-term aerobic dynamic feeding 568:600 long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods 568:614 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 27485896 0 72 theme polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing 58:85 arg1 culture 103:109 halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture 47:109 halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture 47:109 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 6 73 theme 60.5 992:995 arg1 % 996:996 % 996:996 % 996:996 After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). 27485896 1 74 dep a 208:208 arg1 substitute 210:219 substitute 210:219 substitute for petroleum-based plastics 210:248 Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production serves as a substitute for petroleum-based plastics. 27485896 1 75 theme Microbial 150:158 arg1 polyhydroxyalkanoate 160:179 Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate 150:179 Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production 150:196 Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production serves as a substitute for petroleum-based plastics. 27485896 1 75 theme Microbial 150:158 arg1 PHA 182:184 PHA 182:184 PHA 182:184 Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production serves as a substitute for petroleum-based plastics. 27485896 0 76 theme halophilic 47:56 arg1 culture 103:109 halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture 47:109 halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture 47:109 Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process. 27485896 3 77 from impact 400:405 arg1 outcomes 437:444 enrichment outcomes 426:444 enrichment outcomes 426:444 This study investigated the impact of carbon types on enrichment outcomes. 27485896 2 78 theme microbial 267:275 arg1 cultures 277:284 mixed microbial cultures 261:284 mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) 261:291 Enriching mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) with the capacity to store PHA is a key precursor for low-cost PHA production. 27485896 2 78 theme microbial 267:275 arg1 MMCs 287:290 MMCs 287:290 MMCs 287:290 Enriching mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) with the capacity to store PHA is a key precursor for low-cost PHA production. 27485896 1 79 theme polyhydroxyalkanoate 160:179 arg1 production 187:196 Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production 150:196 Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production 150:196 Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production serves as a substitute for petroleum-based plastics. 27485896 7 80 contain had 1050:1052 arg2 CDW 1060:1062 27.3% CDW 1054:1062 27.3% CDW of PHA 1054:1069 The starch-enriched MMC only had 27.3% CDW of PHA. 27485896 7 80 contain had 1050:1052 arg1 MMC 1041:1043 The starch-enriched MMC 1021:1043 The starch-enriched MMC 1021:1043 The starch-enriched MMC only had 27.3% CDW of PHA. 27485896 4 81 theme feeding 594:600 arg1 periods 608:614 long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods 568:614 long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods 568:614 Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. 26941583 6 0 used used 1160:1163 arg2 controls 1168:1175 controls 1168:1175 controls 1168:1175 Discs cultured without compression were used as controls. 26941583 6 0 used used 1160:1163 arg2 Discs 1120:1124 Discs 1120:1124 Discs cultured without compression 1120:1153 Discs cultured without compression were used as controls. 26941583 10 1 dep compressive 1915:1925 arg1 magnitude- 1927:1936 magnitude- 1927:1936 magnitude- 1927:1936 CONCLUSION Cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP were compressive magnitude-, frequency- and duration-dependent. 26941583 9 2 theme magnitude 1678:1686 arg1 groups 1712:1717 the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups 1656:1717 the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups 1656:1717 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 3 3 theme wide 487:490 arg1 range 492:496 a relatively wide range 474:496 a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations 474:549 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 1 4 theme cell 251:254 arg1 biology 256:262 disc cell biology 246:262 disc cell biology 246:262 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 9 5 theme frequency 1689:1697 arg1 groups 1712:1717 the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups 1656:1717 the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups 1656:1717 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 8 6 theme immature 1417:1424 arg1 NP 1426:1427 the immature NP 1413:1427 the immature NP 1413:1427 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 6 theme immature 1417:1424 arg1 groups 1405:1410 the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups 1374:1410 the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups 1374:1410 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 5 7 dep MPa 852:854 arg1 Hz 878:879 1.0 Hz 874:879 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours 825:891 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 8 8 theme matrix 1537:1542 arg1 molecules 1544:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 3 9 theme frequencies 525:535 arg1 range 492:496 a relatively wide range 474:496 a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations 474:549 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 5 10 dep discs 778:782 arg1 hours 1017:1021 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours 1003:1021 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa 1003:1047 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 5 10 dep discs 778:782 arg1 frequency 1053:1061 frequency 1053:1061 frequency 1053:1061 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 7 11 theme TUNEL 1222:1226 arg1 assay 1228:1232 the TUNEL assay 1218:1232 the TUNEL assay 1218:1232 Immature NP samples were analyzed using the TUNEL assay, histological staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement, real-time PCR and collagen II immunohistochemical staining. 26941583 9 12 theme duration 1703:1710 arg1 groups 1712:1717 the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups 1656:1717 the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups 1656:1717 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 3 13 theme magnitudes 513:522 arg1 range 492:496 a relatively wide range 474:496 a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations 474:549 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 8 14 theme gene 1493:1496 arg1 profile 1509:1515 a catabolic gene expression profile 1481:1515 a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1481:1596 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 1 15 theme in 172:173 arg1 studies 180:186 in vivo studies 172:186 in vivo studies 172:186 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 2 16 theme compression 297:307 arg1 magnitude 309:317 dynamic compression magnitude 289:317 dynamic compression magnitude 289:317 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 9 17 theme immature 1724:1731 arg1 NP 1733:1734 the immature NP 1720:1734 the immature NP 1720:1734 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 5 18 from magnitude 1028:1036 arg1 hours 1017:1021 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours 1003:1021 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa 1003:1047 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 5 18 from magnitude 1028:1036 arg1 frequency 1053:1061 frequency 1053:1061 frequency 1053:1061 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 3 19 theme durations 541:549 arg1 range 492:496 a relatively wide range 474:496 a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations 474:549 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 8 20 theme down-regulated 1522:1535 arg1 molecules 1544:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 4 21 theme immature 695:702 arg1 porcine 704:710 the immature porcine 691:710 the immature porcine 691:710 METHODS Discs from the immature porcine were cultured in a mechanically active bioreactor for 7 days. 26941583 7 22 theme NP 1187:1188 arg1 samples 1190:1196 Immature NP samples 1178:1196 Immature NP samples 1178:1196 Immature NP samples were analyzed using the TUNEL assay, histological staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement, real-time PCR and collagen II immunohistochemical staining. 26941583 9 23 theme healthier 1745:1753 arg1 status 1755:1760 a healthier status 1743:1760 a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production 1743:1835 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 8 24 from content 1617:1623 arg1 cells 1474:1478 apoptotic cells 1464:1478 apoptotic cells 1464:1478 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 25 theme up-regulated 1558:1569 arg1 enzymes 1590:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 7 26 dep assay 1228:1232 arg1 staining 1353:1360 immunohistochemical staining 1333:1360 immunohistochemical staining 1333:1360 Immature NP samples were analyzed using the TUNEL assay, histological staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement, real-time PCR and collagen II immunohistochemical staining. 26941583 8 27 theme II 1638:1639 arg1 deposition 1641:1650 collagen II deposition 1629:1650 collagen II deposition 1629:1650 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 28 theme degradation 1578:1588 arg1 enzymes 1590:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 1 29 theme BACKGROUND 128:137 arg1 culture 153:159 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture 128:159 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture 128:159 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 2 30 from effects 278:284 arg1 NP 377:378 NP 377:378 NP 377:378 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 2 30 from effects 278:284 arg1 pulposus 367:374 the immature nucleus pulposus 346:374 the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc 346:407 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 11 31 theme compressive 2038:2048 arg1 duration 2050:2057 long compressive duration 2033:2057 long compressive duration 2033:2057 The relatively high compressive magnitude or frequency and long compressive duration are not helpful for maintaining the healthy status of an immature NP. 26941583 9 32 theme cell 1775:1778 arg1 apoptosis 1780:1788 NP cell apoptosis 1772:1788 NP cell apoptosis 1772:1788 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 8 33 from deposition 1641:1650 arg1 cells 1474:1478 apoptotic cells 1464:1478 apoptotic cells 1464:1478 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 5 34 from discs 778:782 arg1 groups 995:1000 duration groups 986:1000 duration groups 986:1000 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 5 34 from discs 778:782 arg1 groups 905:910 frequency groups 895:910 frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) 895:980 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 5 34 from discs 778:782 arg1 groups 817:822 various compressive magnitude groups 787:822 various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours) 787:892 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 1 35 theme cell 148:151 arg1 culture 153:159 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture 128:159 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture 128:159 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 0 36 from Effects 20:26 arg1 Pulposus 48:55 Immature Nucleus Pulposus 31:55 Immature Nucleus Pulposus 31:55 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 26941583 10 37 theme CONCLUSION 1838:1847 arg1 apoptosis 1854:1862 CONCLUSION Cell apoptosis 1838:1862 CONCLUSION Cell apoptosis 1838:1862 CONCLUSION Cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP were compressive magnitude-, frequency- and duration-dependent. 26941583 5 38 theme duration 986:993 arg1 groups 995:1000 duration groups 986:1000 duration groups 986:1000 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 8 39 theme decreased 1603:1611 arg1 content 1617:1623 decreased GAG content 1603:1623 decreased GAG content 1603:1623 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 3 40 dep cell 554:557 arg1 apoptosis 559:567 apoptosis 559:567 apoptosis 559:567 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 9 41 theme expression 1796:1805 arg1 profile 1807:1813 gene expression profile 1791:1813 gene expression profile 1791:1813 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 5 42 theme Hz 1070:1071 arg1 discs 778:782 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups 774:1000 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) 774:1072 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 0 43 theme Novel 74:78 arg1 Bioreactor 116:125 a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor 72:125 a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor 72:125 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 26941583 5 44 theme MPa 965:967 arg1 Hz 940:941 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz 913:941 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours 913:979 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 5 45 from magnitude 948:956 arg1 Hz 940:941 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz 913:941 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours 913:979 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 8 46 theme collagen 1629:1636 arg1 deposition 1641:1650 collagen II deposition 1629:1650 collagen II deposition 1629:1650 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 47 with profile 1509:1515 arg1 enzymes 1590:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 47 with profile 1509:1515 arg1 molecules 1544:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 1 48 dep culture 153:159 arg1 studies 180:186 in vivo studies 172:186 in vivo studies 172:186 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 0 49 theme Dynamic 0:6 arg1 Effects 20:26 Dynamic Compression Effects 0:26 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 0:126 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 26941583 4 50 theme active 744:749 arg1 bioreactor 751:760 a mechanically active bioreactor 729:760 a mechanically active bioreactor 729:760 METHODS Discs from the immature porcine were cultured in a mechanically active bioreactor for 7 days. 26941583 7 51 theme immunohistochemical 1333:1351 arg1 staining 1353:1360 immunohistochemical staining 1333:1360 immunohistochemical staining 1333:1360 Immature NP samples were analyzed using the TUNEL assay, histological staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement, real-time PCR and collagen II immunohistochemical staining. 26941583 0 52 theme Immature 31:38 arg1 Pulposus 48:55 Immature Nucleus Pulposus 31:55 Immature Nucleus Pulposus 31:55 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 26941583 11 53 theme compressive 1994:2004 arg1 magnitude 2006:2014 The relatively high compressive magnitude 1974:2014 The relatively high compressive magnitude 1974:2014 The relatively high compressive magnitude or frequency and long compressive duration are not helpful for maintaining the healthy status of an immature NP. 26941583 11 53 theme compressive 1994:2004 arg1 helpful 2067:2073 helpful 2067:2073 helpful 2067:2073 The relatively high compressive magnitude or frequency and long compressive duration are not helpful for maintaining the healthy status of an immature NP. 26941583 8 54 theme 1.3 1378:1380 arg1 MPa 1382:1384 MPa 1382:1384 MPa 1382:1384 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 2 55 theme duration 334:341 arg1 effects 278:284 the effects 274:284 the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc 274:407 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 10 56 theme matrix 1868:1873 arg1 composition 1875:1885 matrix composition 1868:1885 matrix composition 1868:1885 CONCLUSION Cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP were compressive magnitude-, frequency- and duration-dependent. 26941583 2 57 theme frequency 320:328 arg1 effects 278:284 the effects 274:284 the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc 274:407 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 0 58 dep Effects 20:26 arg1 Study 60:64 a Study 58:64 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 0:126 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 26941583 8 59 theme Hz 1391:1392 arg1 NP 1426:1427 the immature NP 1413:1427 the immature NP 1413:1427 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 59 theme Hz 1391:1392 arg1 groups 1405:1410 the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups 1374:1410 the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups 1374:1410 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 60 with content 1617:1623 arg1 enzymes 1590:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 60 with content 1617:1623 arg1 molecules 1544:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 3 61 theme active 653:658 arg1 bioreactor 660:669 an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor 621:669 an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor 621:669 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 8 62 from profile 1509:1515 arg1 cells 1474:1478 apoptotic cells 1464:1478 apoptotic cells 1464:1478 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 3 63 theme range 492:496 arg1 effects 463:469 the effects 459:469 the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor 459:669 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 5 64 theme MPa 1045:1047 arg1 magnitude 1028:1036 a magnitude 1026:1036 a magnitude of 0.4 MPa 1026:1047 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 7 65 theme content 1282:1288 arg1 measurement 1290:1300 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement 1258:1300 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement 1258:1300 Immature NP samples were analyzed using the TUNEL assay, histological staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement, real-time PCR and collagen II immunohistochemical staining. 26941583 2 66 from disc 404:407 arg1 NP 377:378 NP 377:378 NP 377:378 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 2 66 from disc 404:407 arg1 pulposus 367:374 the immature nucleus pulposus 346:374 the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc 346:407 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 9 67 theme compressive 1666:1676 arg1 magnitude 1678:1686 the other compressive magnitude 1656:1686 the other compressive magnitude 1656:1686 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 8 68 theme 8 1398:1398 arg1 hour 1400:1403 hour 1400:1403 hour 1400:1403 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 1 69 theme disc 246:249 arg1 biology 256:262 disc cell biology 246:262 disc cell biology 246:262 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 5 70 dep groups 817:822 arg1 MPa 852:854 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa 825:854 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours 825:891 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 8 71 with deposition 1641:1650 arg1 enzymes 1590:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 71 with deposition 1641:1650 arg1 molecules 1544:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 72 from RESULTS 1363:1369 arg1 NP 1426:1427 the immature NP 1413:1427 the immature NP 1413:1427 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 72 from RESULTS 1363:1369 arg1 groups 1405:1410 the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups 1374:1410 the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups 1374:1410 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 73 theme apoptotic 1464:1472 arg1 cells 1474:1478 apoptotic cells 1464:1478 apoptotic cells 1464:1478 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 7 74 theme glycosaminoglycan 1258:1274 arg1 measurement 1290:1300 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement 1258:1300 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement 1258:1300 Immature NP samples were analyzed using the TUNEL assay, histological staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement, real-time PCR and collagen II immunohistochemical staining. 26941583 7 75 theme histological 1235:1246 arg1 staining 1248:1255 histological staining 1235:1255 histological staining 1235:1255 Immature NP samples were analyzed using the TUNEL assay, histological staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement, real-time PCR and collagen II immunohistochemical staining. 26941583 11 76 theme healthy 2095:2101 arg1 status 2103:2108 the healthy status 2091:2108 the healthy status of an immature NP 2091:2126 The relatively high compressive magnitude or frequency and long compressive duration are not helpful for maintaining the healthy status of an immature NP. 26941583 3 77 theme compressive 501:511 arg1 magnitudes 513:522 compressive magnitudes 501:522 compressive magnitudes 501:522 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 11 78 theme long 2033:2036 arg1 duration 2050:2057 long compressive duration 2033:2057 long compressive duration 2033:2057 The relatively high compressive magnitude or frequency and long compressive duration are not helpful for maintaining the healthy status of an immature NP. 26941583 3 79 from effects 463:469 arg1 composition 580:590 matrix composition 573:590 matrix composition 573:590 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 3 79 from effects 463:469 arg1 cell 554:557 cell apoptosis and matrix composition 554:590 cell 554:557 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 2 80 theme magnitude 309:317 arg1 effects 278:284 the effects 274:284 the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc 274:407 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 8 81 theme catabolic 1483:1491 arg1 profile 1509:1515 a catabolic gene expression profile 1481:1515 a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1481:1596 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 11 82 theme immature 2116:2123 arg1 NP 2125:2126 an immature NP 2113:2126 an immature NP 2113:2126 The relatively high compressive magnitude or frequency and long compressive duration are not helpful for maintaining the healthy status of an immature NP. 26941583 2 83 theme dynamic 289:295 arg1 magnitude 309:317 dynamic compression magnitude 289:317 dynamic compression magnitude 289:317 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 8 84 theme expression 1498:1507 arg1 profile 1509:1515 a catabolic gene expression profile 1481:1515 a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1481:1596 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 2 85 theme nucleus 359:365 arg1 NP 377:378 NP 377:378 NP 377:378 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 2 85 theme nucleus 359:365 arg1 pulposus 367:374 the immature nucleus pulposus 346:374 the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc 346:407 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 3 86 theme matrix 573:578 arg1 composition 580:590 matrix composition 573:590 matrix composition 573:590 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 1 87 theme obvious 201:207 arg1 effects 209:215 the obvious effects 197:215 the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology 197:262 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 1 88 from effects 209:215 arg1 biology 256:262 disc cell biology 246:262 disc cell biology 246:262 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 7 89 theme Immature 1178:1185 arg1 samples 1190:1196 Immature NP samples 1178:1196 Immature NP samples 1178:1196 Immature NP samples were analyzed using the TUNEL assay, histological staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement, real-time PCR and collagen II immunohistochemical staining. 26941583 5 90 dep groups 905:910 arg1 Hz 940:941 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz 913:941 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours 913:979 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 3 91 theme immature 603:610 arg1 NP 612:613 the immature NP 599:613 the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor 599:669 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 5 92 theme of 871:872 arg1 MPa 852:854 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa 825:854 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours 825:891 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 9 93 theme NP 1772:1773 arg1 apoptosis 1780:1788 NP cell apoptosis 1772:1788 NP cell apoptosis 1772:1788 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 11 94 theme NP 2125:2126 arg1 status 2103:2108 the healthy status 2091:2108 the healthy status of an immature NP 2091:2126 The relatively high compressive magnitude or frequency and long compressive duration are not helpful for maintaining the healthy status of an immature NP. 26941583 5 95 theme dynamic 1086:1092 arg1 compression 1094:1104 dynamic compression 1086:1104 dynamic compression once per day 1086:1117 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 8 96 theme matrix 1571:1576 arg1 enzymes 1590:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 1 97 theme Previous 139:146 arg1 culture 153:159 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture 128:159 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture 128:159 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 4 98 theme METHODS 672:678 arg1 Discs 680:684 METHODS Discs 672:684 METHODS Discs from the immature porcine 672:710 METHODS Discs from the immature porcine were cultured in a mechanically active bioreactor for 7 days. 26941583 0 99 theme Active 109:114 arg1 Bioreactor 116:125 a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor 72:125 a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor 72:125 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 26941583 9 100 theme gene 1791:1794 arg1 profile 1807:1813 gene expression profile 1791:1813 gene expression profile 1791:1813 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 0 101 theme Intelligent 80:90 arg1 Bioreactor 116:125 a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor 72:125 a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor 72:125 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 26941583 0 102 theme Mechanically 96:107 arg1 Bioreactor 116:125 a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor 72:125 a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor 72:125 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 26941583 8 103 theme GAG 1613:1615 arg1 content 1617:1623 decreased GAG content 1603:1623 decreased GAG content 1603:1623 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 5 104 theme frequency 895:903 arg1 groups 905:910 frequency groups 895:910 frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) 895:980 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 9 105 theme matrix 1819:1824 arg1 production 1826:1835 matrix production 1819:1835 matrix production 1819:1835 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 5 106 theme various 787:793 arg1 groups 817:822 various compressive magnitude groups 787:822 various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours) 787:892 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 11 107 theme high 1989:1992 arg1 magnitude 2006:2014 The relatively high compressive magnitude 1974:2014 The relatively high compressive magnitude 1974:2014 The relatively high compressive magnitude or frequency and long compressive duration are not helpful for maintaining the healthy status of an immature NP. 26941583 11 107 theme high 1989:1992 arg1 helpful 2067:2073 helpful 2067:2073 helpful 2067:2073 The relatively high compressive magnitude or frequency and long compressive duration are not helpful for maintaining the healthy status of an immature NP. 26941583 5 108 theme magnitude 807:815 arg1 groups 817:822 various compressive magnitude groups 787:822 various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours) 787:892 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 5 109 theme compressive 795:805 arg1 groups 817:822 various compressive magnitude groups 787:822 various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours) 787:892 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 5 110 from frequency 861:869 arg1 MPa 852:854 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa 825:854 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours 825:891 The discs in various compressive magnitude groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 hours), frequency groups (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 Hz at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa for 2 hours) and duration groups (1, 2, 4 and 8 hours at a magnitude of 0.4 MPa and frequency of 1.0 Hz) experienced dynamic compression once per day. 26941583 3 111 theme intelligent 624:634 arg1 bioreactor 660:669 an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor 621:669 an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor 621:669 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a relatively wide range of compressive magnitudes, frequencies and durations on cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP using an intelligent and mechanically active bioreactor. 26941583 8 112 from increase 1452:1459 arg1 cells 1474:1478 apoptotic cells 1464:1478 apoptotic cells 1464:1478 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 2 113 theme organ-cultured 389:402 arg1 disc 404:407 an organ-cultured disc 386:407 an organ-cultured disc 386:407 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 0 114 theme Nucleus 40:46 arg1 Pulposus 48:55 Immature Nucleus Pulposus 31:55 Immature Nucleus Pulposus 31:55 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 26941583 10 115 theme Cell 1849:1852 arg1 apoptosis 1854:1862 CONCLUSION Cell apoptosis 1838:1862 CONCLUSION Cell apoptosis 1838:1862 CONCLUSION Cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP were compressive magnitude-, frequency- and duration-dependent. 26941583 8 116 theme MPa 1382:1384 arg1 NP 1426:1427 the immature NP 1413:1427 the immature NP 1413:1427 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 116 theme MPa 1382:1384 arg1 groups 1405:1410 the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups 1374:1410 the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups 1374:1410 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 1 117 theme compression 231:241 arg1 effects 209:215 the obvious effects 197:215 the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology 197:262 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 8 118 theme 5.0 1387:1389 arg1 Hz 1391:1392 Hz 1391:1392 Hz 1391:1392 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 1 119 dep in 172:173 arg1 vivo 175:178 vivo 175:178 vivo 175:178 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 8 120 with increase 1452:1459 arg1 enzymes 1590:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes 1558:1596 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 120 with increase 1452:1459 arg1 molecules 1544:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 down-regulated matrix molecules 1522:1552 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 2 121 theme immature 350:357 arg1 NP 377:378 NP 377:378 NP 377:378 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 2 121 theme immature 350:357 arg1 pulposus 367:374 the immature nucleus pulposus 346:374 the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc 346:407 However, the effects of dynamic compression magnitude, frequency and duration on the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) from an organ-cultured disc are not well understood. 26941583 4 122 from porcine 704:710 arg1 Discs 680:684 METHODS Discs 672:684 METHODS Discs from the immature porcine 672:710 METHODS Discs from the immature porcine were cultured in a mechanically active bioreactor for 7 days. 26941583 1 123 theme mechanical 220:229 arg1 compression 231:241 mechanical compression 220:241 mechanical compression 220:241 BACKGROUND Previous cell culture and animal in vivo studies indicate the obvious effects of mechanical compression on disc cell biology. 26941583 7 124 theme real-time 1303:1311 arg1 PCR 1313:1315 real-time PCR 1303:1315 real-time PCR 1303:1315 Immature NP samples were analyzed using the TUNEL assay, histological staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement, real-time PCR and collagen II immunohistochemical staining. 26941583 10 125 theme immature 1898:1905 arg1 NP 1907:1908 the immature NP 1894:1908 the immature NP 1894:1908 CONCLUSION Cell apoptosis and matrix composition within the immature NP were compressive magnitude-, frequency- and duration-dependent. 26941583 9 126 theme other 1660:1664 arg1 magnitude 1678:1686 the other compressive magnitude 1656:1686 the other compressive magnitude 1656:1686 In the other compressive magnitude, frequency and duration groups, the immature NP showed a healthier status regarding NP cell apoptosis, gene expression profile and matrix production. 26941583 8 127 theme hour 1400:1403 arg1 NP 1426:1427 the immature NP 1413:1427 the immature NP 1413:1427 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 8 127 theme hour 1400:1403 arg1 groups 1405:1410 the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups 1374:1410 the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups 1374:1410 RESULTS In the 1.3 MPa, 5.0 Hz and 8 hour groups, the immature NP showed a significantly increase in apoptotic cells, a catabolic gene expression profile with down-regulated matrix molecules and up-regulated matrix degradation enzymes, and decreased GAG content and collagen II deposition. 26941583 0 128 theme Compression 8:18 arg1 Effects 20:26 Dynamic Compression Effects 0:26 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 0:126 Dynamic Compression Effects on Immature Nucleus Pulposus: a Study Using a Novel Intelligent and Mechanically Active Bioreactor. 26579934 7 0 theme electrochemical 1241:1255 arg1 biosensors 1265:1274 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors 1229:1274 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors 1229:1274 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 6 1 theme lactate 896:902 arg1 sensing 885:891 the sensing 881:891 the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions 881:930 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 6 2 theme linear 958:963 arg1 response 965:972 a linear response 956:972 a linear response towards lactate 956:988 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 2 3 theme embryo 312:317 arg1 growth 296:301 the growth 292:301 the growth of human embryo 292:317 Changes of this important metabolite during the growth of human embryo reflect the quality and viability of the embryo. 26579934 7 4 theme performance 1445:1455 arg1 technique 1479:1487 high performance liquid chromatography technique 1440:1487 high performance liquid chromatography technique 1440:1487 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 4 5 used used 572:575 arg2 platforms 604:612 electrochemical sensing platforms 580:612 electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor 580:661 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 4 5 used used 572:575 arg2 electrodes 557:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes 531:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes 531:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 6 6 theme 131 1177:1179 arg1 -1 1185:1186 -1 1185:1186 -1 1185:1186 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 6 6 theme 131 1177:1179 arg1 µAM 1181:1183 3417 ± 131 µAM 1170:1183 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) 1170:1187 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 6 7 theme 3417 1170:1173 arg1 -1 1185:1186 -1 1185:1186 -1 1185:1186 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 6 7 theme 3417 1170:1173 arg1 µAM 1181:1183 3417 ± 131 µAM 1170:1183 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) 1170:1187 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 1 8 theme cell 234:237 arg1 culture 239:245 embryonic cell culture 224:245 embryonic cell culture 224:245 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 0 9 from electrodes 104:113 arg1 cultures 166:173 embryonic cell cultures 151:173 embryonic cell cultures 151:173 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures. 26579934 5 10 theme oxidase 780:786 arg1 enzyme 788:793 the lactate oxidase enzyme 768:793 the lactate oxidase enzyme 768:793 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite have been employed for the enzymatic immobilization of the lactate oxidase enzyme. 26579934 1 11 from culture 239:245 arg1 present 213:219 present 213:219 present 213:219 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 7 12 theme culture 1635:1641 arg1 medium 1643:1648 a commercial embryonic cell culture medium 1607:1648 a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols 1607:1715 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 7 13 theme enzymatic 1368:1376 arg1 response 1378:1385 an enzymatic response 1365:1385 an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. 1365:1425 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 2 14 dep quality 331:337 arg1 the 327:329 the 327:329 the 327:329 Changes of this important metabolite during the growth of human embryo reflect the quality and viability of the embryo. 26579934 7 15 theme chromatography 1464:1477 arg1 technique 1479:1487 high performance liquid chromatography technique 1440:1487 high performance liquid chromatography technique 1440:1487 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 7 16 theme embryonic 1620:1628 arg1 medium 1643:1648 a commercial embryonic cell culture medium 1607:1648 a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols 1607:1715 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 6 17 theme reproducibility 1206:1220 arg1 study 1222:1226 the reproducibility study 1202:1226 the reproducibility study 1202:1226 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 1 18 from present 213:219 arg1 culture 239:245 embryonic cell culture 224:245 embryonic cell culture 224:245 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 7 19 theme relative 1315:1322 arg1 deviation 1333:1341 a relative standard deviation 1313:1341 a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% 1313:1359 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 0 20 theme screen-printed 80:93 arg1 electrodes 104:113 screen-printed graphite electrodes 80:113 screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures 80:173 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures. 26579934 2 21 theme metabolite 274:283 arg1 Changes 248:254 Changes 248:254 Changes of this important metabolite during the growth of human embryo 248:317 Changes of this important metabolite during the growth of human embryo reflect the quality and viability of the embryo. 26579934 7 22 theme lactate 1596:1602 arg1 determination 1579:1591 the determination 1575:1591 the determination of lactate 1575:1602 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 6 23 theme phosphate 1043:1051 arg1 buffer 1053:1058 phosphate buffer 1043:1058 phosphate buffer solution 1043:1067 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 6 24 theme µM 1037:1038 arg1 range 1013:1017 the concentration range 995:1017 the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM 995:1038 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 6 25 dep detection 1100:1108 arg1 based 1111:1115 based 1111:1115 based on 3-sigma 1111:1126 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 3 26 theme electrochemical 438:452 arg1 biosensor 454:462 a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor 393:462 a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media 393:528 In this study, we report a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media. 26579934 0 27 theme Electrochemical 0:14 arg1 biosensor 24:32 Electrochemical lactate biosensor 0:32 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes 0:69 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures. 26579934 7 28 theme electrochemical 1537:1551 arg1 biosensor 1561:1569 the electrochemical lactate biosensor 1533:1569 the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate 1533:1602 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 7 29 theme standard 1324:1331 arg1 deviation 1333:1341 a relative standard deviation 1313:1341 a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% 1313:1359 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 4 30 theme sensing 596:602 arg1 electrodes 557:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes 531:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes 531:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 4 30 theme sensing 596:602 arg1 platforms 604:612 electrochemical sensing platforms 580:612 electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor 580:661 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 6 31 theme corresponding 1077:1089 arg1 limit 1091:1095 a corresponding limit 1075:1095 a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM 1075:1138 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 4 32 theme disposable 546:555 arg1 electrodes 557:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes 531:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes 531:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 4 32 theme disposable 546:555 arg1 platforms 604:612 electrochemical sensing platforms 580:612 electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor 580:661 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 1 33 attach present 213:219 arg2 l-lactate 176:184 l-lactate 176:184 l-lactate 176:184 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 1 33 attach present 213:219 arg1 culture 239:245 embryonic cell culture 224:245 embryonic cell culture 224:245 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 1 33 attach present 213:219 arg2 metabolite 202:211 an essential metabolite 189:211 an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture 189:245 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 6 34 theme biosensor 831:839 arg1 efficacy 852:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy 796:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy 796:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 3 35 theme embryonic 500:508 arg1 media 524:528 embryonic cell cultures media 500:528 embryonic cell cultures media 500:528 In this study, we report a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media. 26579934 6 36 theme buffer 914:919 arg1 solutions 922:930 model (buffer) solutions 907:930 model (buffer) solutions 907:930 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 5 37 theme walled 679:684 arg1 nanotubes 693:701 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite 664:711 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite 664:711 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite have been employed for the enzymatic immobilization of the lactate oxidase enzyme. 26579934 6 38 theme electrochemical 807:821 arg1 efficacy 852:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy 796:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy 796:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 3 39 theme lactate 485:491 arg1 detection 472:480 the detection 468:480 the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media 468:528 In this study, we report a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media. 26579934 6 40 theme model 907:911 arg1 solutions 922:930 model (buffer) solutions 907:930 model (buffer) solutions 907:930 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 7 41 theme high 1286:1289 arg1 reproducibility 1291:1305 a high reproducibility 1284:1305 a high reproducibility 1284:1305 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 4 42 theme biosensor 653:661 arg1 miniaturization 622:636 the miniaturization 618:636 the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor 618:661 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 5 43 theme composite 703:711 arg1 nanotubes 693:701 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite 664:711 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite 664:711 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite have been employed for the enzymatic immobilization of the lactate oxidase enzyme. 26579934 3 44 theme cultures 515:522 arg1 media 524:528 embryonic cell cultures media 500:528 embryonic cell cultures media 500:528 In this study, we report a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media. 26579934 7 45 theme liquid 1457:1462 arg1 technique 1479:1487 high performance liquid chromatography technique 1440:1487 high performance liquid chromatography technique 1440:1487 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 7 46 theme lactate 1257:1263 arg1 biosensors 1265:1274 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors 1229:1274 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors 1229:1274 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 7 47 theme high 1440:1443 arg1 technique 1479:1487 high performance liquid chromatography technique 1440:1487 high performance liquid chromatography technique 1440:1487 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 5 48 theme Chitosan/multi 664:677 arg1 nanotubes 693:701 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite 664:711 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite 664:711 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite have been employed for the enzymatic immobilization of the lactate oxidase enzyme. 26579934 2 49 theme human 306:310 arg1 embryo 312:317 human embryo 306:317 human embryo 306:317 Changes of this important metabolite during the growth of human embryo reflect the quality and viability of the embryo. 26579934 1 50 theme essential 192:200 arg1 l-lactate 176:184 l-lactate 176:184 l-lactate 176:184 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 1 50 theme essential 192:200 arg1 metabolite 202:211 an essential metabolite 189:211 an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture 189:245 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 3 51 theme stable 406:411 arg1 biosensor 454:462 a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor 393:462 a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media 393:528 In this study, we report a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media. 26579934 6 52 theme µAM 1181:1183 arg1 sensitivity 1155:1165 a sensitivity 1153:1165 a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study 1153:1226 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 5 53 theme carbon 686:691 arg1 nanotubes 693:701 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite 664:711 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite 664:711 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite have been employed for the enzymatic immobilization of the lactate oxidase enzyme. 26579934 1 54 theme present 213:219 arg1 l-lactate 176:184 l-lactate 176:184 l-lactate 176:184 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 1 54 theme present 213:219 arg1 metabolite 202:211 an essential metabolite 189:211 an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture 189:245 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 7 55 theme excellent 1660:1668 arg1 agreement 1670:1678 excellent agreement 1660:1678 excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols 1660:1715 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 6 56 theme ± 1175:1175 arg1 -1 1185:1186 -1 1185:1186 -1 1185:1186 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 6 56 theme ± 1175:1175 arg1 µAM 1181:1183 3417 ± 131 µAM 1170:1183 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) 1170:1187 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 0 57 theme embryonic 151:159 arg1 cultures 166:173 embryonic cell cultures 151:173 embryonic cell cultures 151:173 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures. 26579934 1 58 theme embryonic 224:232 arg1 culture 239:245 embryonic cell culture 224:245 embryonic cell culture 224:245 l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. 26579934 2 59 theme embryo 360:365 arg1 quality 331:337 quality 331:337 quality 331:337 Changes of this important metabolite during the growth of human embryo reflect the quality and viability of the embryo. 26579934 2 59 theme embryo 360:365 arg1 viability 343:351 viability 343:351 viability 343:351 Changes of this important metabolite during the growth of human embryo reflect the quality and viability of the embryo. 26579934 5 60 theme lactate 772:778 arg1 enzyme 788:793 the lactate oxidase enzyme 768:793 the lactate oxidase enzyme 768:793 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite have been employed for the enzymatic immobilization of the lactate oxidase enzyme. 26579934 2 61 theme important 264:272 arg1 metabolite 274:283 this important metabolite 259:283 this important metabolite 259:283 Changes of this important metabolite during the growth of human embryo reflect the quality and viability of the embryo. 26579934 7 62 theme cell 1630:1633 arg1 medium 1643:1648 a commercial embryonic cell culture medium 1607:1648 a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols 1607:1715 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 7 63 theme commercial 1609:1618 arg1 medium 1643:1648 a commercial embryonic cell culture medium 1607:1648 a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols 1607:1715 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 5 64 theme enzymatic 740:748 arg1 immobilization 750:763 the enzymatic immobilization 736:763 the enzymatic immobilization of the lactate oxidase enzyme 736:793 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite have been employed for the enzymatic immobilization of the lactate oxidase enzyme. 26579934 0 65 theme graphite 95:102 arg1 electrodes 104:113 screen-printed graphite electrodes 80:113 screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures 80:173 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures. 26579934 7 66 theme % 1359:1359 arg1 response 1378:1385 an enzymatic response 1365:1385 an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. 1365:1425 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 7 66 theme % 1359:1359 arg1 deviation 1333:1341 a relative standard deviation 1313:1341 a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% 1313:1359 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 6 67 theme buffer 1053:1058 arg1 solution 1060:1067 phosphate buffer solution 1043:1067 phosphate buffer solution 1043:1067 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 4 68 theme Screen-printed 531:544 arg1 electrodes 557:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes 531:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes 531:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 4 68 theme Screen-printed 531:544 arg1 platforms 604:612 electrochemical sensing platforms 580:612 electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor 580:661 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 5 69 theme enzyme 788:793 arg1 immobilization 750:763 the enzymatic immobilization 736:763 the enzymatic immobilization of the lactate oxidase enzyme 736:793 Chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes composite have been employed for the enzymatic immobilization of the lactate oxidase enzyme. 26579934 0 70 theme lactate 140:146 arg1 determination 123:135 the determination 119:135 the determination of lactate 119:146 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures. 26579934 6 71 from sensing 885:891 arg1 solutions 922:930 model (buffer) solutions 907:930 model (buffer) solutions 907:930 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 0 72 theme lactate 16:22 arg1 biosensor 24:32 Electrochemical lactate biosensor 0:32 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes 0:69 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures. 26579934 3 73 theme sensitive 395:403 arg1 biosensor 454:462 a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor 393:462 a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media 393:528 In this study, we report a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media. 26579934 4 74 theme electrochemical 580:594 arg1 electrodes 557:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes 531:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes 531:566 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 4 74 theme electrochemical 580:594 arg1 platforms 604:612 electrochemical sensing platforms 580:612 electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor 580:661 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 3 75 theme manufactured 425:436 arg1 biosensor 454:462 a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor 393:462 a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media 393:528 In this study, we report a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media. 26579934 7 76 theme analytical 1696:1705 arg1 protocols 1707:1715 the two analytical protocols 1688:1715 the two analytical protocols 1688:1715 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 6 77 theme detection 1100:1108 arg1 limit 1091:1095 a corresponding limit 1075:1095 a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM 1075:1138 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 0 78 theme chitosan/carbon 45:59 arg1 nanotubes 61:69 chitosan/carbon nanotubes 45:69 chitosan/carbon nanotubes 45:69 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures. 26579934 7 79 theme lactate 1553:1559 arg1 biosensor 1561:1569 the electrochemical lactate biosensor 1533:1569 the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate 1533:1602 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 7 80 used utilized 1498:1505 arg2 technique 1479:1487 high performance liquid chromatography technique 1440:1487 high performance liquid chromatography technique 1440:1487 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 6 81 theme analytical 841:850 arg1 efficacy 852:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy 796:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy 796:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 0 82 theme cell 161:164 arg1 cultures 166:173 embryonic cell cultures 151:173 embryonic cell cultures 151:173 Electrochemical lactate biosensor based upon chitosan/carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed graphite electrodes for the determination of lactate in embryonic cell cultures. 26579934 6 83 theme lactate 823:829 arg1 efficacy 852:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy 796:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy 796:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 3 84 theme cell 510:513 arg1 media 524:528 embryonic cell cultures media 500:528 embryonic cell cultures media 500:528 In this study, we report a sensitive, stable, and easily manufactured electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lactate within embryonic cell cultures media. 26579934 4 85 theme lactate 645:651 arg1 biosensor 653:661 the lactate biosensor 641:661 the lactate biosensor 641:661 Screen-printed disposable electrodes are used as electrochemical sensing platforms for the miniaturization of the lactate biosensor. 26579934 6 86 theme novel 801:805 arg1 efficacy 852:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy 796:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy 796:859 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 6 87 theme µM 1137:1138 arg1 detection 1100:1108 detection 1100:1108 detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM 1100:1138 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 26579934 7 88 theme novel 1235:1239 arg1 biosensors 1265:1274 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors 1229:1274 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors 1229:1274 These novel electrochemical lactate biosensors exhibit a high reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.8% and an enzymatic response over 82% after 5 months stored at 4 °C. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography technique has been utilized to independently validate the electrochemical lactate biosensor for the determination of lactate in a commercial embryonic cell culture medium providing excellent agreement between the two analytical protocols. 26579934 6 89 theme concentration 999:1011 arg1 range 1013:1017 the concentration range 995:1017 the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM 995:1038 This novel electrochemical lactate biosensor analytical efficacy is explored towards the sensing of lactate in model (buffer) solutions and is found to exhibit a linear response towards lactate over the concentration range of 30.4 and 243.9 µM in phosphate buffer solution, with a corresponding limit of detection (based on 3-sigma) of 22.6 µM and exhibits a sensitivity of 3417 ± 131 µAM(-1) according to the reproducibility study. 25491812 6 0 dep pH 1091:1092 arg1 dose 1141:1144 dose 1141:1144 dose 1141:1144 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 7 1 theme isotherm 1184:1191 arg1 models 1193:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models 1147:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models 1147:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 2 2 theme transmission 498:509 arg1 microscopy 520:529 transmission electron microscopy 498:529 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 498:535 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 2 2 theme transmission 498:509 arg1 TEM 532:534 TEM 532:534 TEM 532:534 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 4 3 theme 95 761:762 arg1 % 763:763 % 763:763 % 763:763 Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limit, the significant variables were found. 25491812 6 4 theme h 1122:1122 arg1 -1 1137:1138 -1 1137:1138 -1 1137:1138 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 4 theme h 1122:1122 arg1 time 1110:1113 contact time 1102:1113 contact time of 3.4 h 1102:1122 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 4 theme h 1122:1122 arg1 pH 1091:1092 a pH 1089:1092 a pH of 5.5 1089:1099 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 4 theme h 1122:1122 arg1 L 1135:1135 3.0 g L 1129:1135 3.0 g L(-1) 1129:1139 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 5 5 theme developed 1020:1028 arg1 sorbent 1030:1036 the developed sorbent 1016:1036 the developed sorbent 1016:1036 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 7 6 theme Cr 1250:1251 arg1 sorption 1238:1245 the equilibrium sorption 1222:1245 the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) 1222:1255 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 7 7 theme equilibrium 1226:1236 arg1 sorption 1238:1245 the equilibrium sorption 1222:1245 the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) 1222:1255 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 2 8 theme vibrating 540:548 arg1 magnetometer 557:568 a vibrating sample magnetometer 538:568 a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 538:574 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 2 8 theme vibrating 540:548 arg1 VSM 571:573 VSM 571:573 VSM 571:573 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 7 9 theme best 1312:1315 arg1 concordance 1317:1327 the best concordance 1308:1327 the best concordance as an equilibrium model 1308:1351 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 1 10 theme methyl 207:212 arg1 poly 202:205 poly 202:205 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) 202:305 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 10 theme methyl 207:212 arg1 methacrylate 214:225 methyl methacrylate 207:225 methyl methacrylate 207:225 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 6 11 theme 5.5 1097:1099 arg1 -1 1137:1138 -1 1137:1138 -1 1137:1138 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 11 theme 5.5 1097:1099 arg1 time 1110:1113 contact time 1102:1113 contact time of 3.4 h 1102:1122 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 11 theme 5.5 1097:1099 arg1 pH 1091:1092 a pH 1089:1092 a pH of 5.5 1089:1099 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 11 theme 5.5 1097:1099 arg1 L 1135:1135 3.0 g L 1129:1135 3.0 g L(-1) 1129:1139 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 1 12 theme species 358:364 arg1 Cr 351:352 Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III) 351:414 Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III) 351:414 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 3 13 theme full 691:694 arg1 design 706:711 a two-level full factorial design 679:711 a two-level full factorial design 679:711 A screening study on operational variables was performed using a two-level full factorial design. 25491812 0 14 theme aqueous 54:60 arg1 solutions 62:70 aqueous solutions 54:70 aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) 54:111 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum nanocomposite: optimization by experimental design. 25491812 7 15 dep Cr 1250:1251 arg1 VI 1253:1254 VI 1253:1254 VI 1253:1254 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 1 16 dep Cr 351:352 arg1 VI 354:355 VI 354:355 VI 354:355 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 2 17 dep Fourier 450:456 arg1 transform 458:466 transform 458:466 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 458:613 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 5 18 theme interactions 936:947 arg1 modeling 895:902 statistical modeling 883:902 statistical modeling 883:902 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 5 18 theme interactions 936:947 arg1 analysis 908:915 analysis 908:915 analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent 908:1036 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 1 19 theme aqueous 371:377 arg1 solutions 379:387 aqueous solutions 371:387 aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr 371:409 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 5 20 theme central 825:831 arg1 CCD 851:853 CCD 851:853 CCD 851:853 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 5 20 theme central 825:831 arg1 design 843:848 The central composite design 821:848 The central composite design (CCD) 821:854 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 6 21 theme contact 1102:1108 arg1 time 1110:1113 contact time 1102:1113 contact time of 3.4 h 1102:1122 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 4 22 theme variance 739:746 arg1 analysis 727:734 the analysis 723:734 the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limit 723:780 Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limit, the significant variables were found. 25491812 3 23 theme factorial 696:704 arg1 design 706:711 a two-level full factorial design 679:711 a two-level full factorial design 679:711 A screening study on operational variables was performed using a two-level full factorial design. 25491812 5 24 dep Cr 991:992 arg1 VI 994:995 VI 994:995 VI 994:995 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 5 24 dep Cr 991:992 arg1 process 1005:1011 uptake process 998:1011 the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent 987:1036 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 0 25 theme experimental 167:178 arg1 design 180:185 experimental design 167:185 experimental design 167:185 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum nanocomposite: optimization by experimental design. 25491812 3 26 theme two-level 681:689 arg1 design 706:711 a two-level full factorial design 679:711 a two-level full factorial design 679:711 A screening study on operational variables was performed using a two-level full factorial design. 25491812 5 27 theme significant 952:962 arg1 variables 964:972 significant variables 952:972 significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent 952:1036 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 3 28 theme screening 618:626 arg1 study 628:632 A screening study 616:632 A screening study on operational variables 616:657 A screening study on operational variables was performed using a two-level full factorial design. 25491812 6 29 from L 1135:1135 arg1 situated 1077:1084 situated 1077:1084 situated 1077:1084 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 29 from L 1135:1135 arg1 conditions 1061:1070 The predicted optimal conditions 1039:1070 The predicted optimal conditions 1039:1070 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 1 30 from removal 340:346 arg1 solutions 379:387 aqueous solutions 371:387 aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr 371:409 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 31 theme grafted 228:234 arg1 nanoparticles 275:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 202:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) 202:305 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 31 theme grafted 228:234 arg1 -g-TG-MNs 296:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 2 32 theme electron 511:518 arg1 microscopy 520:529 transmission electron microscopy 498:529 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 498:535 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 2 32 theme electron 511:518 arg1 TEM 532:534 TEM 532:534 TEM 532:534 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 8 33 theme adsorption 1358:1367 arg1 process 1369:1375 The adsorption process 1354:1375 The adsorption process 1354:1375 The adsorption process was followed by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 25491812 1 34 theme Tragacanth 236:245 arg1 nanoparticles 275:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 202:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) 202:305 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 34 theme Tragacanth 236:245 arg1 -g-TG-MNs 296:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 6 35 theme g 1133:1133 arg1 -1 1137:1138 -1 1137:1138 -1 1137:1138 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 35 theme g 1133:1133 arg1 L 1135:1135 3.0 g L 1129:1135 3.0 g L(-1) 1129:1139 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 2 36 theme sample 550:555 arg1 magnetometer 557:568 a vibrating sample magnetometer 538:568 a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 538:574 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 2 36 theme sample 550:555 arg1 VSM 571:573 VSM 571:573 VSM 571:573 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 7 37 used used 1205:1208 arg2 models 1193:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models 1147:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models 1147:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 0 38 theme selective 9:17 arg1 sorbent 19:25 A highly selective sorbent 0:25 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr 0:43 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum nanocomposite: optimization by experimental design. 25491812 1 39 theme gum 247:249 arg1 nanoparticles 275:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 202:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) 202:305 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 39 theme gum 247:249 arg1 -g-TG-MNs 296:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 4 40 theme confidence 765:774 arg1 limit 776:780 95% confidence limit 761:780 95% confidence limit 761:780 Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limit, the significant variables were found. 25491812 7 41 theme Freundlich 1161:1170 arg1 models 1193:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models 1147:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models 1147:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 8 42 theme kinetic 1415:1421 arg1 model 1423:1427 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1393:1427 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1393:1427 The adsorption process was followed by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 25491812 6 43 from pH 1091:1092 arg1 situated 1077:1084 situated 1077:1084 situated 1077:1084 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 43 from pH 1091:1092 arg1 conditions 1061:1070 The predicted optimal conditions 1039:1070 The predicted optimal conditions 1039:1070 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 1 44 theme modified 251:258 arg1 nanoparticles 275:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 202:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) 202:305 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 44 theme modified 251:258 arg1 -g-TG-MNs 296:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 4 45 theme significant 787:797 arg1 variables 799:807 the significant variables 783:807 the significant variables 783:807 Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limit, the significant variables were found. 25491812 9 46 theme Thermodynamic 1430:1442 arg1 investigations 1444:1457 Thermodynamic investigations 1430:1457 Thermodynamic investigations 1430:1457 Thermodynamic investigations showed that the biosorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. 25491812 3 47 from study 628:632 arg1 variables 649:657 operational variables 637:657 operational variables 637:657 A screening study on operational variables was performed using a two-level full factorial design. 25491812 9 48 theme biosorption 1475:1485 arg1 process 1487:1493 the biosorption process 1471:1493 the biosorption process 1471:1493 Thermodynamic investigations showed that the biosorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. 25491812 9 48 theme biosorption 1475:1485 arg1 spontaneous 1499:1509 spontaneous 1499:1509 spontaneous 1499:1509 Thermodynamic investigations showed that the biosorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. 25491812 1 49 theme Fe3O4 260:264 arg1 nanoparticles 275:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 202:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) 202:305 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 49 theme Fe3O4 260:264 arg1 -g-TG-MNs 296:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 0 50 theme methyl 92:97 arg1 Fe₃O₄/poly 81:90 Fe₃O₄/poly 81:90 Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) 81:111 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum nanocomposite: optimization by experimental design. 25491812 0 50 theme methyl 92:97 arg1 methacrylate 99:110 methyl methacrylate 92:110 methyl methacrylate 92:110 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum nanocomposite: optimization by experimental design. 25491812 1 51 theme selective 330:338 arg1 removal 340:346 the selective removal 326:346 the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III) 326:414 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 7 52 theme Langmuir 1151:1158 arg1 models 1193:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models 1147:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models 1147:1198 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 2 53 theme thermo-gravimetric 581:598 arg1 TGA 610:612 TGA 610:612 TGA 610:612 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 2 53 theme thermo-gravimetric 581:598 arg1 analysis 600:607 thermo-gravimetric analysis 581:607 thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 581:613 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 7 54 theme equilibrium 1335:1345 arg1 model 1347:1351 an equilibrium model 1332:1351 an equilibrium model 1332:1351 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 0 55 theme Cr 42:43 arg1 removal 31:37 removal 31:37 removal of Cr 31:43 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum nanocomposite: optimization by experimental design. 25491812 1 56 theme magnetic 266:273 arg1 nanoparticles 275:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 202:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) 202:305 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 56 theme magnetic 266:273 arg1 -g-TG-MNs 296:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 2 57 theme FTIR 478:481 arg1 spectroscopy 484:495 (FTIR) spectroscopy 477:495 (FTIR) spectroscopy 477:495 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 5 58 theme effects 924:930 arg1 modeling 895:902 statistical modeling 883:902 statistical modeling 883:902 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 5 58 theme effects 924:930 arg1 analysis 908:915 analysis 908:915 analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent 908:1036 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 6 59 theme optimal 1053:1059 arg1 situated 1077:1084 situated 1077:1084 situated 1077:1084 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 59 theme optimal 1053:1059 arg1 conditions 1061:1070 The predicted optimal conditions 1039:1070 The predicted optimal conditions 1039:1070 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 1 60 theme Cr 408:409 arg1 presence 396:403 the presence 392:403 the presence of Cr 392:409 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 6 61 from time 1110:1113 arg1 situated 1077:1084 situated 1077:1084 situated 1077:1084 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 61 from time 1110:1113 arg1 conditions 1061:1070 The predicted optimal conditions 1039:1070 The predicted optimal conditions 1039:1070 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 5 62 theme variables 964:972 arg1 interactions 936:947 interactions 936:947 interactions 936:947 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 5 62 theme variables 964:972 arg1 effects 924:930 effects 924:930 effects 924:930 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 5 63 theme statistical 883:893 arg1 modeling 895:902 statistical modeling 883:902 statistical modeling 883:902 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 6 64 theme predicted 1043:1051 arg1 situated 1077:1084 situated 1077:1084 situated 1077:1084 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 6 64 theme predicted 1043:1051 arg1 conditions 1061:1070 The predicted optimal conditions 1039:1070 The predicted optimal conditions 1039:1070 The predicted optimal conditions were situated at a pH of 5.5, contact time of 3.4 h, and 3.0 g L(-1) dose. 25491812 3 65 theme operational 637:647 arg1 variables 649:657 operational variables 637:657 operational variables 637:657 A screening study on operational variables was performed using a two-level full factorial design. 25491812 0 66 theme gum 132:134 arg1 nanocomposite 136:148 Tragacanth gum nanocomposite 121:148 Tragacanth gum nanocomposite 121:148 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum nanocomposite: optimization by experimental design. 25491812 1 67 theme Cr 351:352 arg1 removal 340:346 the selective removal 326:346 the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III) 326:414 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 7 68 theme Temkin 1177:1182 arg1 isotherm 1184:1191 Temkin isotherm 1177:1191 Temkin isotherm 1177:1191 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 0 69 dep grafted 113:119 arg1 optimization 151:162 optimization 151:162 optimization by experimental design 151:185 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum nanocomposite: optimization by experimental design. 25491812 0 69 dep grafted 113:119 arg1 VI 45:46 VI 45:46 VI 45:46 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum nanocomposite: optimization by experimental design. 25491812 0 70 theme Tragacanth 121:130 arg1 nanocomposite 136:148 Tragacanth gum nanocomposite 121:148 Tragacanth gum nanocomposite 121:148 A highly selective sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions based on Fe₃O₄/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum nanocomposite: optimization by experimental design. 25491812 8 71 theme pseudo-second-order 1395:1413 arg1 model 1423:1427 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1393:1427 a pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1393:1427 The adsorption process was followed by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 25491812 1 72 from solutions 379:387 arg1 Cr 351:352 Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III) 351:414 Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III) 351:414 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 72 from solutions 379:387 arg1 removal 340:346 the selective removal 326:346 the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III) 326:414 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 72 from solutions 379:387 arg1 presence 396:403 the presence 392:403 the presence of Cr 392:409 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 7 73 theme Langmuir 1283:1290 arg1 isotherm 1292:1299 the Langmuir isotherm 1279:1299 the Langmuir isotherm 1279:1299 The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) by the absorbent, and the Langmuir isotherm showed the best concordance as an equilibrium model. 25491812 5 74 theme uptake 998:1003 arg1 process 1005:1011 uptake process 998:1011 the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent 987:1036 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 4 75 theme % 763:763 arg1 limit 776:780 95% confidence limit 761:780 95% confidence limit 761:780 Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limit, the significant variables were found. 25491812 2 76 dep transform 458:466 arg1 infrared 468:475 infrared 468:475 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 458:613 The sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 25491812 1 77 theme P 290:290 arg1 nanoparticles 275:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 202:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) 202:305 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 77 theme P 290:290 arg1 -g-TG-MNs 296:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 5 78 dep effects 924:930 arg1 the 920:922 the 920:922 the 920:922 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 5 79 theme composite 833:841 arg1 CCD 851:853 CCD 851:853 CCD 851:853 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 5 79 theme composite 833:841 arg1 design 843:848 The central composite design 821:848 The central composite design (CCD) 821:854 The central composite design (CCD) has also been employed for statistical modeling and analysis of the effects and interactions of significant variables dealing with the Cr(VI) uptake process by the developed sorbent. 25491812 4 80 with analysis 727:734 arg1 limit 776:780 95% confidence limit 761:780 95% confidence limit 761:780 Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limit, the significant variables were found. 25491812 1 81 theme poly 202:205 arg1 nanoparticles 275:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 202:287 poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) 202:305 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 25491812 1 81 theme poly 202:205 arg1 -g-TG-MNs 296:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs 290:304 In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted Tragacanth gum modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (P(MMA)-g-TG-MNs) were developed for the selective removal of Cr(VI) species from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cr(III). 27472307 1 0 theme groups 154:159 arg1 viability 131:139 the relative viability 118:139 the relative viability of bacterial groups in human microbiota 118:179 The impact of flavonoids has been discussed on the relative viability of bacterial groups in human microbiota. 27472307 2 1 theme flavonoids 459:468 arg1 stress 449:454 the stress 445:454 the stress of flavonoids 445:468 This study was aimed to compare the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, on gut microbiota culture in vitro, and analyze the interactions between bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source under the stress of flavonoids. 27472307 4 2 theme rDNA 620:623 arg1 amplicons 625:633 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons 602:633 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons 602:633 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons were sequenced, and the composition of microbiota community was analyzed. 27472307 5 3 theme certain 917:923 arg1 species 925:931 certain species 917:931 certain species 917:931 The results revealed that the tested flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, presented different activities of regulating gut microbiota; flavonoid aglycones, but not glycosides, may inhibit growth of certain species. 27472307 5 4 theme flavonoid 854:862 arg1 aglycones 864:872 flavonoid aglycones 854:872 flavonoid aglycones 854:872 The results revealed that the tested flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, presented different activities of regulating gut microbiota; flavonoid aglycones, but not glycosides, may inhibit growth of certain species. 27472307 2 5 theme microbiota 303:312 arg1 culture 314:320 gut microbiota culture 299:320 gut microbiota culture in vitro 299:329 This study was aimed to compare the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, on gut microbiota culture in vitro, and analyze the interactions between bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source under the stress of flavonoids. 27472307 5 6 theme species 925:931 arg1 growth 907:912 growth 907:912 growth of certain species 907:931 The results revealed that the tested flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, presented different activities of regulating gut microbiota; flavonoid aglycones, but not glycosides, may inhibit growth of certain species. 27472307 1 7 theme human 164:168 arg1 microbiota 170:179 human microbiota 164:179 human microbiota 164:179 The impact of flavonoids has been discussed on the relative viability of bacterial groups in human microbiota. 27472307 5 8 theme tested 739:744 arg1 catechin 769:776 catechin 769:776 catechin 769:776 The results revealed that the tested flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, presented different activities of regulating gut microbiota; flavonoid aglycones, but not glycosides, may inhibit growth of certain species. 27472307 5 8 theme tested 739:744 arg1 puerarin 783:790 puerarin 783:790 puerarin 783:790 The results revealed that the tested flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, presented different activities of regulating gut microbiota; flavonoid aglycones, but not glycosides, may inhibit growth of certain species. 27472307 5 8 theme tested 739:744 arg1 quercetin 758:766 quercetin 758:766 quercetin 758:766 The results revealed that the tested flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, presented different activities of regulating gut microbiota; flavonoid aglycones, but not glycosides, may inhibit growth of certain species. 27472307 5 8 theme tested 739:744 arg1 flavonoids 746:755 the tested flavonoids 735:755 the tested flavonoids 735:755 The results revealed that the tested flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, presented different activities of regulating gut microbiota; flavonoid aglycones, but not glycosides, may inhibit growth of certain species. 27472307 0 9 theme Different 0:8 arg1 Flavonoids 10:19 Different Flavonoids 0:19 Different Flavonoids 0:19 Different Flavonoids Can Shape Unique Gut Microbiota Profile In Vitro. 27472307 2 10 theme bacterial 369:377 arg1 species 379:385 bacterial species 369:385 bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source 369:437 This study was aimed to compare the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, on gut microbiota culture in vitro, and analyze the interactions between bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source under the stress of flavonoids. 27472307 1 11 from viability 131:139 arg1 microbiota 170:179 human microbiota 164:179 human microbiota 164:179 The impact of flavonoids has been discussed on the relative viability of bacterial groups in human microbiota. 27472307 2 12 theme gut 299:301 arg1 culture 314:320 gut microbiota culture 299:320 gut microbiota culture in vitro 299:329 This study was aimed to compare the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, on gut microbiota culture in vitro, and analyze the interactions between bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source under the stress of flavonoids. 27472307 2 13 theme carbon 425:430 arg1 source 432:437 carbon source 425:437 carbon source 425:437 This study was aimed to compare the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, on gut microbiota culture in vitro, and analyze the interactions between bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source under the stress of flavonoids. 27472307 5 14 theme gut 838:840 arg1 microbiota 842:851 gut microbiota 838:851 gut microbiota 838:851 The results revealed that the tested flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, presented different activities of regulating gut microbiota; flavonoid aglycones, but not glycosides, may inhibit growth of certain species. 27472307 8 15 theme web 1042:1044 arg1 center 1017:1022 the center 1013:1022 the center of the biological web constructed in this study 1013:1070 was the center of the biological web constructed in this study. 27472307 1 16 theme flavonoids has been 85:103 arg1 impact 75:80 The impact 71:80 The impact of flavonoids has been 71:103 The impact of flavonoids has been discussed on the relative viability of bacterial groups in human microbiota. 27472307 8 17 theme biological 1031:1040 arg1 web 1042:1044 the biological web 1027:1044 the biological web constructed in this study 1027:1070 was the center of the biological web constructed in this study. 27472307 0 18 theme Gut 38:40 arg1 Profile 53:59 Unique Gut Microbiota Profile 31:59 Unique Gut Microbiota Profile 31:59 Different Flavonoids Can Shape Unique Gut Microbiota Profile In Vitro. 27472307 4 19 theme bacterial 606:614 arg1 amplicons 625:633 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons 602:633 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons 602:633 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons were sequenced, and the composition of microbiota community was analyzed. 27472307 0 20 theme Unique 31:36 arg1 Profile 53:59 Unique Gut Microbiota Profile 31:59 Unique Gut Microbiota Profile 31:59 Different Flavonoids Can Shape Unique Gut Microbiota Profile In Vitro. 27472307 5 21 theme different 803:811 arg1 activities 813:822 different activities 803:822 different activities of regulating gut microbiota 803:851 The results revealed that the tested flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, presented different activities of regulating gut microbiota; flavonoid aglycones, but not glycosides, may inhibit growth of certain species. 27472307 3 22 theme multispecies 546:557 arg1 culture 559:565 multispecies culture 546:565 multispecies culture 546:565 Three plant flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, were added into multispecies culture to ferment for 24 h, respectively. 27472307 0 23 theme Microbiota 42:51 arg1 Profile 53:59 Unique Gut Microbiota Profile 31:59 Unique Gut Microbiota Profile 31:59 Different Flavonoids Can Shape Unique Gut Microbiota Profile In Vitro. 27472307 3 24 theme plant 477:481 arg1 catechin 506:513 catechin 506:513 catechin 506:513 Three plant flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, were added into multispecies culture to ferment for 24 h, respectively. 27472307 3 24 theme plant 477:481 arg1 puerarin 520:527 puerarin 520:527 puerarin 520:527 Three plant flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, were added into multispecies culture to ferment for 24 h, respectively. 27472307 3 24 theme plant 477:481 arg1 quercetin 495:503 quercetin 495:503 quercetin 495:503 Three plant flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, were added into multispecies culture to ferment for 24 h, respectively. 27472307 3 24 theme plant 477:481 arg1 flavonoids 483:492 Three plant flavonoids 471:492 Three plant flavonoids 471:492 Three plant flavonoids, quercetin, catechin, and puerarin, were added into multispecies culture to ferment for 24 h, respectively. 27472307 1 25 theme relative 122:129 arg1 viability 131:139 the relative viability 118:139 the relative viability of bacterial groups in human microbiota 118:179 The impact of flavonoids has been discussed on the relative viability of bacterial groups in human microbiota. 27472307 4 26 theme microbiota 674:683 arg1 community 685:693 microbiota community 674:693 microbiota community 674:693 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons were sequenced, and the composition of microbiota community was analyzed. 27472307 4 27 theme community 685:693 arg1 composition 659:669 the composition 655:669 the composition of microbiota community 655:693 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons were sequenced, and the composition of microbiota community was analyzed. 27472307 2 28 theme flavonoids 240:249 arg1 modulation 218:227 the modulation 214:227 the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, 214:294 This study was aimed to compare the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, on gut microbiota culture in vitro, and analyze the interactions between bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source under the stress of flavonoids. 27472307 4 29 theme 16S 616:618 arg1 amplicons 625:633 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons 602:633 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons 602:633 The bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons were sequenced, and the composition of microbiota community was analyzed. 27472307 6 30 theme biological 971:980 arg1 webs 982:985 unique biological webs 964:985 unique biological webs 964:985 Quercetin and catechin shaped unique biological webs. 27472307 2 31 theme various 232:238 arg1 catechin 273:280 catechin 273:280 catechin 273:280 This study was aimed to compare the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, on gut microbiota culture in vitro, and analyze the interactions between bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source under the stress of flavonoids. 27472307 2 31 theme various 232:238 arg1 flavonoids 240:249 various flavonoids 232:249 various flavonoids 232:249 This study was aimed to compare the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, on gut microbiota culture in vitro, and analyze the interactions between bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source under the stress of flavonoids. 27472307 2 31 theme various 232:238 arg1 quercetin 262:270 quercetin 262:270 quercetin 262:270 This study was aimed to compare the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, on gut microbiota culture in vitro, and analyze the interactions between bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source under the stress of flavonoids. 27472307 2 31 theme various 232:238 arg1 puerarin 286:293 puerarin 286:293 puerarin 286:293 This study was aimed to compare the modulation of various flavonoids, including quercetin, catechin and puerarin, on gut microbiota culture in vitro, and analyze the interactions between bacterial species using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as carbon source under the stress of flavonoids. 27472307 1 32 theme bacterial 144:152 arg1 groups 154:159 bacterial groups 144:159 bacterial groups 144:159 The impact of flavonoids has been discussed on the relative viability of bacterial groups in human microbiota. 27472307 6 33 theme unique 964:969 arg1 webs 982:985 unique biological webs 964:985 unique biological webs 964:985 Quercetin and catechin shaped unique biological webs. 27996001 4 0 theme ECMs 859:862 arg1 formation 831:839 the formation 827:839 the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration 827:889 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 4 1 theme high 688:691 arg1 ratios 702:707 high swelling ratios 688:707 high swelling ratios 688:707 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 6 2 theme physiological 1231:1243 arg1 environment 1245:1255 physiological environment 1231:1255 physiological environment 1231:1255 What's more, FI-TR spectra demonstrated crosslinking reactions occurred actually among EDC, SF and SA macromolecules, which kept integrity of the scaffolds under physiological environment. 27996001 7 3 theme potential 1483:1491 arg1 material 1503:1510 its potential candidate material 1479:1510 its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering 1479:1538 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 4 4 theme tissue 871:876 arg1 regeneration 878:889 tissue regeneration 871:889 tissue regeneration 871:889 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 3 5 theme interconnected 524:537 arg1 pores 539:543 interconnected pores 524:543 interconnected pores 524:543 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire scaffold with pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94%. 27996001 5 6 theme diffraction 947:957 arg1 results 965:971 X-ray diffraction (XRD) results 941:971 X-ray diffraction (XRD) results 941:971 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 7 7 theme spatial 1410:1416 arg1 organization 1418:1429 spatial organization 1410:1429 spatial organization 1410:1429 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 4 8 theme 1-ethyl-3- 745:754 arg1 EDC 793:795 EDC 793:795 EDC 793:795 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 4 8 theme 1-ethyl-3- 745:754 arg1 carbodiimide 779:790 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide 745:790 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) 745:796 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 3 9 theme pores 539:543 arg1 presence 512:519 the presence 508:519 the presence 508:519 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire scaffold with pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94%. 27996001 7 10 theme suitable 1262:1269 arg1 structure 1276:1284 suitable pore structure 1262:1284 suitable pore structure 1262:1284 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 7 11 theme pore 1271:1274 arg1 structure 1276:1284 suitable pore structure 1262:1284 suitable pore structure 1262:1284 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 7 12 theme skin 1388:1391 arg1 ECMs 1393:1396 natural skin ECMs 1380:1396 natural skin ECMs 1380:1396 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 7 13 theme swelling 1311:1318 arg1 capacity 1320:1327 improved equilibrium swelling capacity 1290:1327 improved equilibrium swelling capacity 1290:1327 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 6 14 theme SF 1161:1162 arg1 macromolecules 1171:1184 EDC, SF and SA macromolecules 1156:1184 EDC, SF and SA macromolecules 1156:1184 What's more, FI-TR spectra demonstrated crosslinking reactions occurred actually among EDC, SF and SA macromolecules, which kept integrity of the scaffolds under physiological environment. 27996001 4 15 theme better 661:666 arg1 stability 674:682 significantly better water stability 647:682 significantly better water stability 647:682 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 2 16 theme pore 386:389 arg1 morphology 391:400 regular and uniform pore morphology 366:400 regular and uniform pore morphology 366:400 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 2 17 theme freeze-dried 433:444 arg1 method 446:451 a facile freeze-dried method 424:451 a facile freeze-dried method 424:451 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 2 18 theme uniform 378:384 arg1 morphology 391:400 regular and uniform pore morphology 366:400 regular and uniform pore morphology 366:400 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 0 19 theme Biomimetic 2:11 arg1 Scaffold 52:59 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold 0:59 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 0:88 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 27996001 4 20 theme neo-tissue 844:853 arg1 formation 831:839 the formation 827:839 the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration 827:889 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 5 21 theme coil 990:993 arg1 structure 995:1003 random coil structure 983:1003 random coil structure 983:1003 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 6 22 theme EDC 1156:1158 arg1 macromolecules 1171:1184 EDC, SF and SA macromolecules 1156:1184 EDC, SF and SA macromolecules 1156:1184 What's more, FI-TR spectra demonstrated crosslinking reactions occurred actually among EDC, SF and SA macromolecules, which kept integrity of the scaffolds under physiological environment. 27996001 1 23 theme great 185:189 arg1 potential 191:199 great potential 185:199 great potential 185:199 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) has great potential in promoting cellular attachment and proliferation for tissue regeneration. 27996001 2 24 theme facile 426:431 arg1 method 446:451 a facile freeze-dried method 424:451 a facile freeze-dried method 424:451 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 7 25 theme soft 1516:1519 arg1 engineering 1528:1538 soft tissue engineering 1516:1538 soft tissue engineering 1516:1538 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 1 26 theme cytocompatible 92:105 arg1 scaffold 114:121 A cytocompatible porous scaffold 90:121 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) 90:179 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) has great potential in promoting cellular attachment and proliferation for tissue regeneration. 27996001 2 27 theme regular 366:372 arg1 morphology 391:400 regular and uniform pore morphology 366:400 regular and uniform pore morphology 366:400 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 0 28 theme Fibroin/Sodium 18:31 arg1 Scaffold 52:59 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold 0:59 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 0:88 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 27996001 4 29 theme blend 714:718 arg1 scaffolds 720:728 the blend scaffolds 710:728 the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) 710:796 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 7 30 theme natural 1380:1386 arg1 ECMs 1393:1396 natural skin ECMs 1380:1396 natural skin ECMs 1380:1396 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 2 31 theme fibroin 323:329 arg1 alginate 343:350 silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate 318:350 silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method 318:451 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 2 31 theme fibroin 323:329 arg1 SA 353:354 SA 353:354 SA 353:354 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 6 32 theme scaffolds 1215:1223 arg1 integrity 1198:1206 integrity 1198:1206 integrity of the scaffolds under physiological environment 1198:1255 What's more, FI-TR spectra demonstrated crosslinking reactions occurred actually among EDC, SF and SA macromolecules, which kept integrity of the scaffolds under physiological environment. 27996001 7 33 theme equilibrium 1299:1309 arg1 capacity 1320:1327 improved equilibrium swelling capacity 1290:1327 improved equilibrium swelling capacity 1290:1327 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 0 34 theme Silk 13:16 arg1 Scaffold 52:59 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold 0:59 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 0:88 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 27996001 6 35 theme SA 1168:1169 arg1 macromolecules 1171:1184 EDC, SF and SA macromolecules 1156:1184 EDC, SF and SA macromolecules 1156:1184 What's more, FI-TR spectra demonstrated crosslinking reactions occurred actually among EDC, SF and SA macromolecules, which kept integrity of the scaffolds under physiological environment. 27996001 5 36 theme blend 1052:1056 arg1 scaffolds 1058:1066 the blend scaffolds 1048:1066 the blend scaffolds 1048:1066 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 2 37 theme silk 318:321 arg1 fibroin 323:329 silk fibroin 318:329 silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method 318:451 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 2 37 theme silk 318:321 arg1 SF 332:333 SF 332:333 SF 332:333 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 3 38 theme scanning 458:465 arg1 SEM 488:490 SEM 488:490 SEM 488:490 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire scaffold with pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94%. 27996001 3 38 theme scanning 458:465 arg1 microscopy 476:485 The scanning electron microscopy 454:485 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies 454:499 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire scaffold with pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94%. 27996001 0 39 theme Composite 42:50 arg1 Scaffold 52:59 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold 0:59 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 0:88 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 27996001 6 40 theme crosslinking 1109:1120 arg1 reactions 1122:1130 crosslinking reactions 1109:1130 crosslinking reactions 1109:1130 What's more, FI-TR spectra demonstrated crosslinking reactions occurred actually among EDC, SF and SA macromolecules, which kept integrity of the scaffolds under physiological environment. 27996001 5 41 dep confirmed 973:981 arg1 maintained 1034:1043 maintained 1034:1043 confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds 973:1066 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 4 42 theme sufficient 807:816 arg1 time 818:821 sufficient time 807:821 sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration 807:889 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 7 43 theme improved 1290:1297 arg1 capacity 1320:1327 improved equilibrium swelling capacity 1290:1327 improved equilibrium swelling capacity 1290:1327 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 1 44 theme cellular 214:221 arg1 attachment 223:232 cellular attachment 214:232 cellular attachment 214:232 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) has great potential in promoting cellular attachment and proliferation for tissue regeneration. 27996001 0 45 theme Alginate 33:40 arg1 Scaffold 52:59 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold 0:59 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 0:88 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 27996001 1 46 contain has 181:183 arg2 potential 191:199 great potential 185:199 great potential 185:199 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) has great potential in promoting cellular attachment and proliferation for tissue regeneration. 27996001 1 46 contain has 181:183 arg1 scaffold 114:121 A cytocompatible porous scaffold 90:121 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) 90:179 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) has great potential in promoting cellular attachment and proliferation for tissue regeneration. 27996001 5 47 theme silk 1009:1012 arg1 conformation 1016:1027 silk I conformation 1009:1027 silk I conformation 1009:1027 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 3 48 dep 54~532 μm 611:619 arg1 % 639:639 66~94% 634:639 66~94% 634:639 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire scaffold with pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94%. 27996001 7 49 theme ECMs 1393:1396 arg1 cues 1372:1375 biochemical cues 1360:1375 biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering 1360:1538 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 5 50 theme I 1014:1014 arg1 conformation 1016:1027 silk I conformation 1009:1027 silk I conformation 1009:1027 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 6 51 theme FI-TR 1082:1086 arg1 spectra 1088:1094 FI-TR spectra 1082:1094 FI-TR spectra demonstrated crosslinking reactions 1082:1130 What's more, FI-TR spectra demonstrated crosslinking reactions occurred actually among EDC, SF and SA macromolecules, which kept integrity of the scaffolds under physiological environment. 27996001 5 52 theme infrared 910:917 arg1 spectroscopy 919:930 infrared spectroscopy 910:930 infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 910:938 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 5 52 theme infrared 910:917 arg1 FT-IR 933:937 FT-IR 933:937 FT-IR 933:937 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 5 53 theme X-ray 941:945 arg1 XRD 960:962 XRD 960:962 XRD 960:962 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 5 53 theme X-ray 941:945 arg1 diffraction 947:957 X-ray diffraction 941:957 X-ray diffraction (XRD) results 941:971 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 7 54 dep structure 1276:1284 arg1 The 1258:1260 The 1258:1260 The 1258:1260 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 7 55 theme tissue 1521:1526 arg1 engineering 1528:1538 soft tissue engineering 1516:1538 soft tissue engineering 1516:1538 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 3 56 theme entire 569:574 arg1 scaffold 576:583 the entire scaffold 565:583 the entire scaffold 565:583 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire scaffold with pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94%. 27996001 4 57 theme swelling 693:700 arg1 ratios 702:707 high swelling ratios 688:707 high swelling ratios 688:707 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 7 58 theme biochemical 1360:1370 arg1 cues 1372:1375 biochemical cues 1360:1375 biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering 1360:1538 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 2 59 theme biomimetic 279:288 arg1 scaffold 290:297 A biomimetic scaffold 277:297 A biomimetic scaffold 277:297 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 4 60 theme water 668:672 arg1 stability 674:682 significantly better water stability 647:682 significantly better water stability 647:682 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 2 61 theme /sodium 335:341 arg1 alginate 343:350 silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate 318:350 silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method 318:451 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 2 61 theme /sodium 335:341 arg1 SA 353:354 SA 353:354 SA 353:354 A biomimetic scaffold was prepared using silk fibroin (SF)/sodium alginate (SA) in which regular and uniform pore morphology can be formed through a facile freeze-dried method. 27996001 1 62 theme porous 107:112 arg1 scaffold 114:121 A cytocompatible porous scaffold 90:121 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) 90:179 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) has great potential in promoting cellular attachment and proliferation for tissue regeneration. 27996001 4 63 theme 3-dimethylaminopropyl 756:776 arg1 EDC 793:795 EDC 793:795 EDC 793:795 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 4 63 theme 3-dimethylaminopropyl 756:776 arg1 carbodiimide 779:790 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide 745:790 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) 745:796 With significantly better water stability and high swelling ratios, the blend scaffolds crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) provided sufficient time for the formation of neo-tissue and ECMs during tissue regeneration. 27996001 5 64 theme random 983:988 arg1 structure 995:1003 random coil structure 983:1003 random coil structure 983:1003 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed random coil structure and silk I conformation were maintained in the blend scaffolds. 27996001 3 65 theme microscopy 476:485 arg1 studies 493:499 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies 454:499 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies 454:499 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire scaffold with pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94%. 27996001 3 66 theme electron 467:474 arg1 SEM 488:490 SEM 488:490 SEM 488:490 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire scaffold with pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94%. 27996001 3 66 theme electron 467:474 arg1 microscopy 476:485 The scanning electron microscopy 454:485 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies 454:499 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire scaffold with pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94%. 27996001 0 67 theme Tissue 70:75 arg1 Engineering 77:87 Soft Tissue Engineering 65:87 Soft Tissue Engineering 65:87 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 27996001 7 68 theme cells 1452:1456 arg1 proliferation 1435:1447 proliferation 1435:1447 proliferation 1435:1447 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 7 68 theme cells 1452:1456 arg1 organization 1418:1429 spatial organization 1410:1429 spatial organization 1410:1429 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 3 69 theme pore 590:593 arg1 diameter 595:602 pore diameter 590:602 pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94% 590:639 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire scaffold with pore diameter around 54~532 μm and porosity 66~94%. 27996001 1 70 theme extracellular 151:163 arg1 matrices 165:172 extracellular matrices 151:172 extracellular matrices (ECMs) 151:179 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) has great potential in promoting cellular attachment and proliferation for tissue regeneration. 27996001 1 70 theme extracellular 151:163 arg1 ECMs 175:178 ECMs 175:178 ECMs 175:178 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) has great potential in promoting cellular attachment and proliferation for tissue regeneration. 27996001 7 71 theme scaffold 1337:1344 arg1 capacity 1320:1327 improved equilibrium swelling capacity 1290:1327 improved equilibrium swelling capacity 1290:1327 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 7 71 theme scaffold 1337:1344 arg1 structure 1276:1284 suitable pore structure 1262:1284 suitable pore structure 1262:1284 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 6 72 dep more 1076:1079 arg1 's 1073:1074 's 1073:1074 's 1073:1074 What's more, FI-TR spectra demonstrated crosslinking reactions occurred actually among EDC, SF and SA macromolecules, which kept integrity of the scaffolds under physiological environment. 27996001 0 73 theme Soft 65:68 arg1 Engineering 77:87 Soft Tissue Engineering 65:87 Soft Tissue Engineering 65:87 A Biomimetic Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Composite Scaffold for Soft Tissue Engineering. 27996001 7 74 theme candidate 1493:1501 arg1 material 1503:1510 its potential candidate material 1479:1510 its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering 1479:1538 The suitable pore structure and improved equilibrium swelling capacity of this scaffold could imitate biochemical cues of natural skin ECMs for guiding spatial organization and proliferation of cells in vitro, indicating its potential candidate material for soft tissue engineering. 27996001 1 75 theme matrices 165:172 arg1 properties 137:146 the properties 133:146 the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) 133:179 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) has great potential in promoting cellular attachment and proliferation for tissue regeneration. 27996001 1 76 theme tissue 256:261 arg1 regeneration 263:274 tissue regeneration 256:274 tissue regeneration 256:274 A cytocompatible porous scaffold mimicking the properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) has great potential in promoting cellular attachment and proliferation for tissue regeneration. 26334878 6 0 theme RS 679:680 arg1 consumption 664:674 The consumption 660:674 RESULTS The consumption of RS 652:680 RESULTS The consumption of RS changed the composition of the microbiota; at the phylum level Actinobacteria increased, while Firmicutes decreased. 26334878 1 1 theme Resistant 133:141 arg1 RS 151:152 RS 151:152 RS 151:152 BACKGROUND Resistant starch (RS) decreases intestinal inflammation in some settings. 26334878 1 1 theme Resistant 133:141 arg1 starch 143:148 BACKGROUND Resistant starch 122:148 BACKGROUND Resistant starch (RS) 122:153 BACKGROUND Resistant starch (RS) decreases intestinal inflammation in some settings. 26334878 0 2 from effect 4:9 arg1 microbiota 53:62 microbiota 53:62 microbiota 53:62 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 0 2 from effect 4:9 arg1 markers 68:74 markers 68:74 markers 68:74 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 8 3 theme Shannon 938:944 arg1 index 948:952 The Shannon H index 934:952 The Shannon H index at the genus level 934:971 The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of RS (P < 0.01). 26334878 7 4 dep Lachnospiracea 888:901 arg1 sedis 912:916 Lachnospiracea incertae sedis 888:916 Lachnospiracea incertae sedis 888:916 Among the most prevalent genera, Lactobacillus was increased and Roseburia, Blautia, and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis were decreased. 26334878 11 5 theme biosynthesis 1322:1333 arg1 pathway 1335:1341 The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway 1299:1341 The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway 1299:1341 The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway was upregulated. 26334878 6 6 dep RESULTS 652:658 arg1 consumption 664:674 The consumption 660:674 RESULTS The consumption of RS 652:680 RESULTS The consumption of RS changed the composition of the microbiota; at the phylum level Actinobacteria increased, while Firmicutes decreased. 26334878 10 7 theme = 1270:1270 arg1 μg/g 1262:1265 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g 1243:1265 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) 1243:1277 Fecal calprotectin increased from 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) after RS was given. 26334878 10 7 theme = 1270:1270 arg1 P 1268:1268 P = 0.003 1268:1276 P = 0.003 1268:1276 Fecal calprotectin increased from 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) after RS was given. 26334878 2 8 from supplementation 283:297 arg1 children 325:332 rural Malawian children 310:332 rural Malawian children 310:332 We tested the hypothesis that gut inflammation will be reduced with dietary supplementation with RS in rural Malawian children. 26334878 3 9 theme stunted 344:350 arg1 children 365:372 Eighteen stunted 3-5-year-old children 335:372 Eighteen stunted 3-5-year-old children 335:372 Eighteen stunted 3-5-year-old children were supplemented with 8.5 g/day of RS type 2 for 4 weeks. 26334878 9 10 theme fecal 1107:1111 arg1 concentration 1124:1136 fecal propionate concentration 1107:1136 fecal propionate concentration 1107:1136 Fecal acetate concentration decreased, and fecal propionate concentration increased after RS administration (-5.2 and 2.0 μmol/g, respectively). 26334878 7 11 theme prevalent 814:822 arg1 genera 824:829 the most prevalent genera 805:829 the most prevalent genera 805:829 Among the most prevalent genera, Lactobacillus was increased and Roseburia, Blautia, and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis were decreased. 26334878 2 12 with supplementation 283:297 arg1 RS 304:305 RS 304:305 RS 304:305 We tested the hypothesis that gut inflammation will be reduced with dietary supplementation with RS in rural Malawian children. 26334878 0 13 theme inflammation 83:94 arg1 microbiota 53:62 microbiota 53:62 microbiota 53:62 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 0 13 theme inflammation 83:94 arg1 markers 68:74 markers 68:74 markers 68:74 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 4 14 theme fecal 437:441 arg1 samples 443:449 The fecal samples 433:449 The fecal samples 433:449 The fecal samples were analyzed for the microbiota, the microbiome, short chain fatty acids, metabolome, and proteins indicative of inflammation before and after the intervention. 26334878 8 15 theme habitual 1000:1007 arg1 diet 1009:1012 the habitual diet 996:1012 the habitual diet 996:1012 The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of RS (P < 0.01). 26334878 8 16 theme H 946:946 arg1 index 948:952 The Shannon H index 934:952 The Shannon H index at the genus level 934:971 The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of RS (P < 0.01). 26334878 10 17 theme Fecal 1209:1213 arg1 calprotectin 1215:1226 Fecal calprotectin 1209:1226 Fecal calprotectin 1209:1226 Fecal calprotectin increased from 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) after RS was given. 26334878 0 18 theme gut 79:81 arg1 inflammation 83:94 gut inflammation 79:94 gut inflammation 79:94 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 6 19 theme phylum 732:737 arg1 level 739:743 the phylum level 728:743 the phylum level 728:743 RESULTS The consumption of RS changed the composition of the microbiota; at the phylum level Actinobacteria increased, while Firmicutes decreased. 26334878 11 20 theme lipopolysaccharide 1303:1320 arg1 pathway 1335:1341 The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway 1299:1341 The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway 1299:1341 The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway was upregulated. 26334878 3 21 theme RS 410:411 arg1 type 413:416 RS type 2 410:418 RS type 2 410:418 Eighteen stunted 3-5-year-old children were supplemented with 8.5 g/day of RS type 2 for 4 weeks. 26334878 4 22 theme fatty 513:517 arg1 acids 519:523 short chain fatty acids 501:523 short chain fatty acids 501:523 The fecal samples were analyzed for the microbiota, the microbiome, short chain fatty acids, metabolome, and proteins indicative of inflammation before and after the intervention. 26334878 0 23 dep microbiota 53:62 arg1 the 49:51 the 49:51 the 49:51 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 10 24 theme ± 1246:1246 arg1 μg/g 1262:1265 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g 1243:1265 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) 1243:1277 Fecal calprotectin increased from 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) after RS was given. 26334878 10 24 theme ± 1246:1246 arg1 P 1268:1268 P = 0.003 1268:1276 P = 0.003 1268:1276 Fecal calprotectin increased from 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) after RS was given. 26334878 3 25 theme type 413:416 arg1 g/day 401:405 8.5 g/day 397:405 8.5 g/day of RS type 2 for 4 weeks 397:430 Eighteen stunted 3-5-year-old children were supplemented with 8.5 g/day of RS type 2 for 4 weeks. 26334878 0 26 theme dietary 14:20 arg1 starch 32:37 dietary resistant starch type 2 14:44 dietary resistant starch type 2 14:44 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 4 27 theme chain 507:511 arg1 acids 519:523 short chain fatty acids 501:523 short chain fatty acids 501:523 The fecal samples were analyzed for the microbiota, the microbiome, short chain fatty acids, metabolome, and proteins indicative of inflammation before and after the intervention. 26334878 0 28 theme rural 99:103 arg1 children 112:119 rural Malawi children 99:119 rural Malawi children 99:119 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 8 29 theme genus 961:965 arg1 level 967:971 the genus level 957:971 the genus level 957:971 The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of RS (P < 0.01). 26334878 2 30 theme dietary 275:281 arg1 supplementation 283:297 dietary supplementation 275:297 dietary supplementation with RS in rural Malawian children 275:332 We tested the hypothesis that gut inflammation will be reduced with dietary supplementation with RS in rural Malawian children. 26334878 1 31 theme intestinal 165:174 arg1 inflammation 176:187 intestinal inflammation 165:187 intestinal inflammation 165:187 BACKGROUND Resistant starch (RS) decreases intestinal inflammation in some settings. 26334878 0 32 theme starch 32:37 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 0:120 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 0 33 from microbiota 53:62 arg1 children 112:119 rural Malawi children 99:119 rural Malawi children 99:119 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 10 34 dep 89 1254:1255 arg1 to 1251:1252 to 1251:1252 to 1251:1252 Fecal calprotectin increased from 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) after RS was given. 26334878 9 35 dep increased 1138:1146 arg1 μmol/g 1186:1191 -5.2 and 2.0 μmol/g 1173:1191 -5.2 and 2.0 μmol/g 1173:1191 Fecal acetate concentration decreased, and fecal propionate concentration increased after RS administration (-5.2 and 2.0 μmol/g, respectively). 26334878 0 36 theme resistant 22:30 arg1 starch 32:37 dietary resistant starch type 2 14:44 dietary resistant starch type 2 14:44 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 12 37 dep CONCLUSIONS 1360:1370 arg1 support 1392:1398 support 1392:1398 do not support the hypothesis that RS reduces gut inflammation in rural Malawian children 1385:1473 CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the hypothesis that RS reduces gut inflammation in rural Malawian children. 26334878 0 38 theme Malawi 105:110 arg1 children 112:119 rural Malawi children 99:119 rural Malawi children 99:119 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 3 39 theme 3-5-year-old 352:363 arg1 children 365:372 Eighteen stunted 3-5-year-old children 335:372 Eighteen stunted 3-5-year-old children 335:372 Eighteen stunted 3-5-year-old children were supplemented with 8.5 g/day of RS type 2 for 4 weeks. 26334878 10 40 theme ± 1257:1257 arg1 μg/g 1262:1265 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g 1243:1265 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) 1243:1277 Fecal calprotectin increased from 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) after RS was given. 26334878 10 40 theme ± 1257:1257 arg1 P 1268:1268 P = 0.003 1268:1276 P = 0.003 1268:1276 Fecal calprotectin increased from 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) after RS was given. 26334878 8 41 dep decreased 973:981 arg1 < 1055:1055 P < 0.01 1053:1060 P < 0.01 1053:1060 The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of RS (P < 0.01). 26334878 8 42 theme RS 1049:1050 arg1 introduction 1033:1044 the introduction 1029:1044 the introduction of RS 1029:1050 The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of RS (P < 0.01). 26334878 8 43 from 2.02 988:991 arg1 diet 1009:1012 the habitual diet 996:1012 the habitual diet 996:1012 The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of RS (P < 0.01). 26334878 0 44 dep starch 32:37 arg1 type 39:42 type 2 39:44 dietary resistant starch type 2 14:44 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 6 45 theme microbiota 713:722 arg1 composition 694:704 the composition 690:704 the composition of the microbiota 690:722 RESULTS The consumption of RS changed the composition of the microbiota; at the phylum level Actinobacteria increased, while Firmicutes decreased. 26334878 2 46 theme Malawian 316:323 arg1 children 325:332 rural Malawian children 310:332 rural Malawian children 310:332 We tested the hypothesis that gut inflammation will be reduced with dietary supplementation with RS in rural Malawian children. 26334878 4 47 theme short 501:505 arg1 acids 519:523 short chain fatty acids 501:523 short chain fatty acids 501:523 The fecal samples were analyzed for the microbiota, the microbiome, short chain fatty acids, metabolome, and proteins indicative of inflammation before and after the intervention. 26334878 5 48 theme own 638:640 arg1 controls 642:649 their own controls 632:649 their own controls 632:649 Subjects served as their own controls. 26334878 5 48 theme own 638:640 arg1 Subjects 613:620 Subjects 613:620 Subjects 613:620 Subjects served as their own controls. 26334878 2 49 theme rural 310:314 arg1 children 325:332 rural Malawian children 310:332 rural Malawian children 310:332 We tested the hypothesis that gut inflammation will be reduced with dietary supplementation with RS in rural Malawian children. 26334878 9 50 theme RS 1154:1155 arg1 administration 1157:1170 RS administration 1154:1170 RS administration 1154:1170 Fecal acetate concentration decreased, and fecal propionate concentration increased after RS administration (-5.2 and 2.0 μmol/g, respectively). 26334878 8 51 theme P 1053:1053 arg1 < 1055:1055 P < 0.01 1053:1060 P < 0.01 1053:1060 The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of RS (P < 0.01). 26334878 2 52 theme gut 237:239 arg1 inflammation 241:252 gut inflammation 237:252 gut inflammation 237:252 We tested the hypothesis that gut inflammation will be reduced with dietary supplementation with RS in rural Malawian children. 26334878 12 53 from inflammation 1435:1446 arg1 children 1466:1473 rural Malawian children 1451:1473 rural Malawian children 1451:1473 CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the hypothesis that RS reduces gut inflammation in rural Malawian children. 26334878 12 54 theme rural 1451:1455 arg1 children 1466:1473 rural Malawian children 1451:1473 rural Malawian children 1451:1473 CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the hypothesis that RS reduces gut inflammation in rural Malawian children. 26334878 9 55 theme Fecal 1064:1068 arg1 concentration 1078:1090 Fecal acetate concentration 1064:1090 Fecal acetate concentration 1064:1090 Fecal acetate concentration decreased, and fecal propionate concentration increased after RS administration (-5.2 and 2.0 μmol/g, respectively). 26334878 9 56 theme propionate 1113:1122 arg1 concentration 1124:1136 fecal propionate concentration 1107:1136 fecal propionate concentration 1107:1136 Fecal acetate concentration decreased, and fecal propionate concentration increased after RS administration (-5.2 and 2.0 μmol/g, respectively). 26334878 4 57 theme indicative 551:560 arg1 microbiota 473:482 the microbiota 469:482 the microbiota 469:482 The fecal samples were analyzed for the microbiota, the microbiome, short chain fatty acids, metabolome, and proteins indicative of inflammation before and after the intervention. 26334878 0 58 from markers 68:74 arg1 children 112:119 rural Malawi children 99:119 rural Malawi children 99:119 The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. 26334878 12 59 theme gut 1431:1433 arg1 inflammation 1435:1446 gut inflammation 1431:1446 gut inflammation in rural Malawian children 1431:1473 CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the hypothesis that RS reduces gut inflammation in rural Malawian children. 26334878 9 60 theme acetate 1070:1076 arg1 concentration 1078:1090 Fecal acetate concentration 1064:1090 Fecal acetate concentration 1064:1090 Fecal acetate concentration decreased, and fecal propionate concentration increased after RS administration (-5.2 and 2.0 μmol/g, respectively). 26334878 8 61 from level 967:971 arg1 index 948:952 The Shannon H index 934:952 The Shannon H index at the genus level 934:971 The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of RS (P < 0.01). 26334878 12 62 theme Malawian 1457:1464 arg1 children 1466:1473 rural Malawian children 1451:1473 rural Malawian children 1451:1473 CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the hypothesis that RS reduces gut inflammation in rural Malawian children. 26334878 1 63 theme BACKGROUND 122:131 arg1 RS 151:152 RS 151:152 RS 151:152 BACKGROUND Resistant starch (RS) decreases intestinal inflammation in some settings. 26334878 1 63 theme BACKGROUND 122:131 arg1 starch 143:148 BACKGROUND Resistant starch 122:148 BACKGROUND Resistant starch (RS) 122:153 BACKGROUND Resistant starch (RS) decreases intestinal inflammation in some settings. 26334878 4 64 theme inflammation 565:576 arg1 indicative 551:560 indicative 551:560 indicative 551:560 The fecal samples were analyzed for the microbiota, the microbiome, short chain fatty acids, metabolome, and proteins indicative of inflammation before and after the intervention. 25923881 5 0 theme particle-CaCl2 610:623 arg1 combinations 634:645 not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations 581:645 combinations 634:645 We found out that not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations were suitable for a successful capsule preparation on grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer. 25923881 4 1 theme hollow 545:550 arg1 particles 552:560 hollow particles 545:560 hollow particles 545:560 We studied the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles. 25923881 4 2 theme matrix 496:501 arg1 capsules 503:510 matrix capsules 496:510 matrix capsules 496:510 We studied the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles. 25923881 5 3 theme solution 625:632 arg1 combinations 634:645 not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations 581:645 combinations 634:645 We found out that not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations were suitable for a successful capsule preparation on grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer. 25923881 3 4 theme alginate 349:356 arg1 systems 401:407 carrier systems 393:407 carrier systems in medicine and technology 393:434 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 3 4 theme alginate 349:356 arg1 capsules 358:365 calcium alginate capsules 341:365 calcium alginate capsules 341:365 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 3 5 from systems 401:407 arg1 technology 425:434 technology 425:434 technology 425:434 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 3 5 from systems 401:407 arg1 medicine 412:419 medicine 412:419 medicine 412:419 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 1 6 theme nanoparticles 69:81 arg1 incorporation 43:55 incorporation 43:55 incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) into gels 43:98 Upon incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) into gels, composite materials called ferrogels are obtained. 25923881 3 7 theme capsules 358:365 arg1 properties 327:336 the properties 323:336 the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology 323:434 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 2 8 theme magneto-responsive 158:175 arg1 systems 177:183 These magneto-responsive systems 152:183 These magneto-responsive systems 152:183 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 4 9 theme particles 552:560 arg1 core 523:526 the core 519:526 the core 519:526 We studied the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles. 25923881 4 9 theme particles 552:560 arg1 shell 536:540 the shell 532:540 the shell of hollow particles 532:560 We studied the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles. 25923881 5 10 theme destabilization 714:728 arg1 grounds 701:707 grounds 701:707 grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer 701:764 We found out that not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations were suitable for a successful capsule preparation on grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer. 25923881 3 11 theme calcium 341:347 arg1 systems 401:407 carrier systems 393:407 carrier systems in medicine and technology 393:434 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 3 11 theme calcium 341:347 arg1 capsules 358:365 calcium alginate capsules 341:365 calcium alginate capsules 341:365 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 4 12 theme kinds 479:483 arg1 incorporation 452:464 the incorporation 448:464 the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles 448:560 We studied the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles. 25923881 5 13 theme polymer 758:764 arg1 grounds 701:707 grounds 701:707 grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer 701:764 We found out that not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations were suitable for a successful capsule preparation on grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer. 25923881 2 14 theme delivery 276:283 arg1 systems 285:291 drug delivery systems 271:291 a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems 190:291 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 15 contain have 185:188 arg2 switches 239:246 switches 239:246 switches 239:246 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 15 contain have 185:188 arg1 systems 177:183 These magneto-responsive systems 152:183 These magneto-responsive systems 152:183 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 15 contain have 185:188 arg2 sensors 252:258 sensors 252:258 sensors 252:258 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 15 contain have 185:188 arg2 range 197:201 a wide range 190:201 a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems 190:291 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 15 contain have 185:188 arg2 systems 285:291 drug delivery systems 271:291 a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems 190:291 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 4 16 theme different 469:477 arg1 kinds 479:483 different kinds 469:483 different kinds of mNPs 469:491 We studied the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles. 25923881 0 17 theme Magneto-responsive 0:17 arg1 alginate 19:26 Magneto-responsive alginate 0:26 Magneto-responsive alginate 0:26 Magneto-responsive alginate capsules. 25923881 4 18 from incorporation 452:464 arg1 capsules 503:510 matrix capsules 496:510 matrix capsules 496:510 We studied the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles. 25923881 4 18 from incorporation 452:464 arg1 core 523:526 the core 519:526 the core 519:526 We studied the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles. 25923881 4 18 from incorporation 452:464 arg1 shell 536:540 the shell 532:540 the shell of hollow particles 532:560 We studied the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles. 25923881 6 19 theme mechanical 949:958 arg1 resistance 960:969 mechanical resistance 949:969 mechanical resistance 949:969 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 25923881 5 20 theme capsule 678:684 arg1 preparation 686:696 a successful capsule preparation 665:696 a successful capsule preparation 665:696 We found out that not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations were suitable for a successful capsule preparation on grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer. 25923881 2 21 theme wide 192:195 arg1 sensors 252:258 sensors 252:258 sensors 252:258 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 21 theme wide 192:195 arg1 switches 239:246 switches 239:246 switches 239:246 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 21 theme wide 192:195 arg1 range 197:201 a wide range 190:201 a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems 190:291 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 1 22 theme composite 101:109 arg1 materials 111:119 composite materials 101:119 composite materials called ferrogels 101:136 Upon incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) into gels, composite materials called ferrogels are obtained. 25923881 3 23 theme carrier 393:399 arg1 capsules 358:365 calcium alginate capsules 341:365 calcium alginate capsules 341:365 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 3 23 theme carrier 393:399 arg1 systems 401:407 carrier systems 393:407 carrier systems in medicine and technology 393:434 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 6 24 theme magnetic 927:934 arg1 behavior 936:943 their magnetic behavior 921:943 their magnetic behavior 921:943 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 25923881 6 25 theme capsules 833:840 arg1 preparation 798:808 the preparation 794:808 the preparation of switchable beads or capsules 794:840 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 25923881 6 26 theme microscopic 882:892 arg1 structure 894:902 microscopic structure 882:902 microscopic structure 882:902 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 25923881 3 27 used used 385:388 arg2 capsules 358:365 calcium alginate capsules 341:365 calcium alginate capsules 341:365 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 3 27 used used 385:388 arg2 systems 401:407 carrier systems 393:407 carrier systems in medicine and technology 393:434 In this article, we focus on the properties of calcium alginate capsules, which are widely used as carrier systems in medicine and technology. 25923881 2 28 theme applications 216:227 arg1 sensors 252:258 sensors 252:258 sensors 252:258 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 28 theme applications 216:227 arg1 systems 285:291 drug delivery systems 271:291 a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems 190:291 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 28 theme applications 216:227 arg1 range 197:201 a wide range 190:201 a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems 190:291 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 28 theme applications 216:227 arg1 switches 239:246 switches 239:246 switches 239:246 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 6 29 theme beads 824:828 arg1 preparation 798:808 the preparation 794:808 the preparation of switchable beads or capsules 794:840 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 25923881 6 30 theme capsules 911:918 arg1 size 873:876 size 873:876 size 873:876 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 25923881 6 30 theme capsules 911:918 arg1 structure 894:902 microscopic structure 882:902 microscopic structure 882:902 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 25923881 6 30 theme capsules 911:918 arg1 behavior 936:943 their magnetic behavior 921:943 their magnetic behavior 921:943 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 25923881 6 30 theme capsules 911:918 arg1 resistance 960:969 mechanical resistance 949:969 mechanical resistance 949:969 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 25923881 2 31 theme potential 206:214 arg1 sensors 252:258 sensors 252:258 sensors 252:258 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 31 theme potential 206:214 arg1 switches 239:246 switches 239:246 switches 239:246 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 31 theme potential 206:214 arg1 applications 216:227 potential applications 206:227 potential applications including switches and sensors 206:258 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 2 32 theme drug 271:274 arg1 systems 285:291 drug delivery systems 271:291 a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems 190:291 These magneto-responsive systems have a wide range of potential applications including switches and sensors as well as drug delivery systems. 25923881 5 33 theme successful 667:676 arg1 preparation 686:696 a successful capsule preparation 665:696 a successful capsule preparation 665:696 We found out that not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations were suitable for a successful capsule preparation on grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer. 25923881 6 34 theme switchable 813:822 arg1 beads 824:828 switchable beads 813:828 switchable beads 813:828 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 25923881 5 35 dep found 566:570 arg1 out 572:574 out 572:574 out 572:574 We found out that not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations were suitable for a successful capsule preparation on grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer. 25923881 5 36 theme nanoparticles 737:749 arg1 destabilization 714:728 a destabilization 712:728 a destabilization of the nanoparticles 712:749 We found out that not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations were suitable for a successful capsule preparation on grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer. 25923881 5 36 theme nanoparticles 737:749 arg1 polymer 758:764 the polymer 754:764 the polymer 754:764 We found out that not all particle-alginate or particle-CaCl2 solution combinations were suitable for a successful capsule preparation on grounds of a destabilization of the nanoparticles or the polymer. 25923881 4 37 theme mNPs 488:491 arg1 kinds 479:483 different kinds 469:483 different kinds of mNPs 469:491 We studied the incorporation of different kinds of mNPs in matrix capsules and in the core and the shell of hollow particles. 25923881 1 38 theme magnetic 60:67 arg1 mNPs 84:87 mNPs 84:87 mNPs 84:87 Upon incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) into gels, composite materials called ferrogels are obtained. 25923881 1 38 theme magnetic 60:67 arg1 nanoparticles 69:81 magnetic nanoparticles 60:81 magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) 60:88 Upon incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) into gels, composite materials called ferrogels are obtained. 25923881 6 39 dep size 873:876 arg1 the 869:871 the 869:871 the 869:871 For those systems allowing the preparation of switchable beads or capsules, we systematically studied the size and microscopic structure of the capsules, their magnetic behavior and mechanical resistance. 26035710 12 0 theme formulated 1944:1953 arg1 tablet 1958:1963 the formulated SR tablet 1940:1963 the formulated SR tablet 1940:1963 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 11 1 theme Statistical 1555:1565 arg1 analysis 1572:1579 DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis 1544:1579 DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis 1544:1579 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 2 2 theme blood 341:345 arg1 levels 347:352 rapid and relatively high peak blood levels 310:352 rapid and relatively high peak blood levels 310:352 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 10 3 theme in 1482:1483 arg1 studies 1508:1514 in vitro gastro-retentive studies 1482:1514 in vitro gastro-retentive studies 1482:1514 Consequently, 6 months of physical stability studies and in vitro gastro-retentive studies were conducted. 26035710 7 4 theme drug 1090:1093 arg1 release 1095:1101 in vitro drug release 1081:1101 in vitro drug release 1081:1101 Floating behavior, in vitro drug release, and swelling index studies were conducted. 26035710 14 5 theme optimized 2268:2276 arg1 absorption 2278:2287 optimized absorption 2268:2287 optimized absorption 2268:2287 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 8 6 theme Initial 1147:1153 arg1 duration 1178:1185 Initial and total drug release duration 1147:1185 duration 1178:1185 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 6 7 theme Sodium 908:913 arg1 SA 925:926 SA 925:926 SA 925:926 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 7 theme Sodium 908:913 arg1 alginate 915:922 Sodium alginate 908:922 Sodium alginate (SA) 908:927 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 8 8 theme commercial 1207:1216 arg1 tablet 1218:1223 a commercial tablet 1205:1223 a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours 1205:1282 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 8 8 theme commercial 1207:1216 arg1 Gleevec 1226:1232 Gleevec 1226:1232 Gleevec 1226:1232 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 10 9 theme studies 1470:1476 arg1 months 1441:1446 6 months 1439:1446 6 months of physical stability studies and in vitro gastro-retentive studies 1439:1514 Consequently, 6 months of physical stability studies and in vitro gastro-retentive studies were conducted. 26035710 7 10 theme in 1081:1082 arg1 release 1095:1101 in vitro drug release 1081:1101 in vitro drug release 1081:1101 Floating behavior, in vitro drug release, and swelling index studies were conducted. 26035710 2 11 theme imatinib 266:273 arg1 Gleevec 285:291 Gleevec 285:291 Gleevec 285:291 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 2 11 theme imatinib 266:273 arg1 mesylate 275:282 Conventional imatinib mesylate 253:282 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets 253:300 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 1 12 theme high 182:185 arg1 absorption 187:196 high absorption 182:196 high absorption 182:196 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 8 13 theme total 1159:1163 arg1 duration 1178:1185 Initial and total drug release duration 1147:1185 duration 1178:1185 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 4 14 theme GIT 661:663 arg1 part 649:652 the upper part 639:652 the upper part of the GIT 639:663 Therefore, floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets were developed to allow the tablets to be released in the upper part of the GIT and overcome the inadequacy of conventional tablets. 26035710 11 15 theme w/w 1684:1686 arg1 K4M 1647:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 15 theme w/w 1684:1686 arg1 934P 1697:1700 w/w Carbomer 934P 1684:1700 w/w Carbomer 934P 1684:1700 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 8 16 theme release 1170:1176 arg1 duration 1178:1185 Initial and total drug release duration 1147:1185 duration 1178:1185 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 6 17 theme release-retarding 955:971 arg1 polymers 973:980 release-retarding polymers 955:980 release-retarding polymers 955:980 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 12 18 contain had 1965:1967 arg2 Tmax 2005:2008 higher Tmax 1998:2008 higher Tmax 1998:2008 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 12 18 contain had 1965:1967 arg2 Cmax 1989:1992 significantly lower Cmax 1969:1992 significantly lower Cmax 1969:1992 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 12 18 contain had 1965:1967 arg1 tablet 1958:1963 the formulated SR tablet 1940:1963 the formulated SR tablet 1940:1963 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 10 19 theme gastro-retentive 1491:1506 arg1 studies 1508:1514 in vitro gastro-retentive studies 1482:1514 in vitro gastro-retentive studies 1482:1514 Consequently, 6 months of physical stability studies and in vitro gastro-retentive studies were conducted. 26035710 1 20 theme upper 205:209 arg1 part 211:214 the upper part 201:214 the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 201:250 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 12 21 theme lower 1983:1987 arg1 Cmax 1989:1992 significantly lower Cmax 1969:1992 significantly lower Cmax 1969:1992 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 4 22 theme upper 643:647 arg1 part 649:652 the upper part 639:652 the upper part of the GIT 639:663 Therefore, floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets were developed to allow the tablets to be released in the upper part of the GIT and overcome the inadequacy of conventional tablets. 26035710 10 23 dep in 1482:1483 arg1 vitro 1485:1489 vitro 1485:1489 vitro 1485:1489 Consequently, 6 months of physical stability studies and in vitro gastro-retentive studies were conducted. 26035710 11 24 theme physicochemical 1857:1871 arg1 characteristics 1873:1887 satisfactory physicochemical characteristics 1844:1887 satisfactory physicochemical characteristics 1844:1887 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 4 25 theme conventional 696:707 arg1 tablets 709:715 conventional tablets 696:715 conventional tablets 696:715 Therefore, floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets were developed to allow the tablets to be released in the upper part of the GIT and overcome the inadequacy of conventional tablets. 26035710 7 26 dep in 1081:1082 arg1 vitro 1084:1088 vitro 1084:1088 vitro 1084:1088 Floating behavior, in vitro drug release, and swelling index studies were conducted. 26035710 1 27 theme Imatinib 127:134 arg1 mesylate 136:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate 114:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate 114:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 1 27 theme Imatinib 127:134 arg1 agent 166:170 an antineoplastic agent 148:170 an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 148:250 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 6 28 theme Carbomer 933:940 arg1 CP 948:949 CP 948:949 CP 948:949 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 28 theme Carbomer 933:940 arg1 934P 942:945 Carbomer 934P 933:945 Carbomer 934P (CP) 933:950 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 12 29 theme higher 1998:2003 arg1 Tmax 2005:2008 higher Tmax 1998:2008 higher Tmax 1998:2008 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 12 30 theme release 1912:1918 arg1 study 1920:1924 in vitro release study 1903:1924 in vitro release study 1903:1924 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 14 31 theme delivery 2206:2213 arg1 system 2215:2220 a better drug delivery system 2192:2220 a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release 2192:2252 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 1 32 theme antineoplastic 151:164 arg1 mesylate 136:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate 114:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate 114:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 1 32 theme antineoplastic 151:164 arg1 agent 166:170 an antineoplastic agent 148:170 an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 148:250 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 13 33 dep hours 2139:2143 arg1 up 2130:2131 up 2130:2131 up 2130:2131 Thus, formulated SR tablets preserved persistent concentration of plasma up to 24 hours. 26035710 14 34 theme better 2194:2199 arg1 system 2215:2220 a better drug delivery system 2192:2220 a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release 2192:2252 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 0 35 theme floating 61:68 arg1 mesylate 97:104 effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 48:104 effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 48:104 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 11 36 theme Na 1664:1665 arg1 alginate 1667:1674 w/w Na alginate 1660:1674 w/w Na alginate 1660:1674 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 36 theme Na 1664:1665 arg1 K4M 1647:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 0 37 theme imatinib 88:95 arg1 mesylate 97:104 effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 48:104 effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 48:104 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 0 38 dep tablet 106:111 arg1 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 0 38 dep tablet 106:111 arg1 evaluation 34:43 in vitro, in vivo evaluation 16:43 in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 16:104 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 11 39 theme floating 1822:1829 arg1 behavior 1831:1838 optimum floating behavior 1814:1838 optimum floating behavior 1814:1838 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 40 theme 24-hour 1775:1781 arg1 tablets 1801:1807 24-hour sustained-release tablets 1775:1807 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics 1775:1887 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 5 41 theme Imatinib 757:764 arg1 mesylate 766:773 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate 718:773 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets 718:781 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. 26035710 0 42 theme effervescent 48:59 arg1 mesylate 97:104 effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 48:104 effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 48:104 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 14 43 theme sustained-release 2367:2383 arg1 tablets 2385:2391 sustained-release tablets 2367:2391 sustained-release tablets 2367:2391 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 4 44 theme floating 541:548 arg1 tablets 577:583 floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets 541:583 floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets 541:583 Therefore, floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets were developed to allow the tablets to be released in the upper part of the GIT and overcome the inadequacy of conventional tablets. 26035710 11 45 theme optimum 1814:1820 arg1 behavior 1831:1838 optimum floating behavior 1814:1838 optimum floating behavior 1814:1838 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 0 46 theme in 16:17 arg1 evaluation 34:43 in vitro, in vivo evaluation 16:43 in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 16:104 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 4 47 theme Imatinib 568:575 arg1 tablets 577:583 floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets 541:583 floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets 541:583 Therefore, floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets were developed to allow the tablets to be released in the upper part of the GIT and overcome the inadequacy of conventional tablets. 26035710 11 48 theme % 1636:1636 arg1 K4M 1647:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 48 theme % 1636:1636 arg1 NaHCO3 1717:1722 w/w NaHCO3 1713:1722 w/w NaHCO3 1713:1722 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 48 theme % 1636:1636 arg1 alginate 1667:1674 w/w Na alginate 1660:1674 w/w Na alginate 1660:1674 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 48 theme % 1636:1636 arg1 934P 1697:1700 w/w Carbomer 934P 1684:1700 w/w Carbomer 934P 1684:1700 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 48 theme % 1636:1636 arg1 % 1657:1657 10.67% 1652:1657 10.67% 1652:1657 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 48 theme % 1636:1636 arg1 % 1710:1710 9.33% 1706:1710 9.33% 1706:1710 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 48 theme % 1636:1636 arg1 % 1681:1681 1.33% 1677:1681 1.33% 1677:1681 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 2 49 theme plasma 403:408 arg1 level 415:419 the plasma drug level 399:419 the plasma drug level 399:419 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 13 50 theme persistent 2095:2104 arg1 concentration 2106:2118 persistent concentration 2095:2118 persistent concentration of plasma up to 24 hours 2095:2143 Thus, formulated SR tablets preserved persistent concentration of plasma up to 24 hours. 26035710 6 51 theme HPMC 892:895 arg1 Methylcellulose 875:889 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose 861:889 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) 861:900 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 51 theme HPMC 892:895 arg1 K4M 897:899 HPMC K4M 892:899 HPMC K4M 892:899 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 52 theme effervescent 1018:1029 arg1 Methylcellulose 875:889 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose 861:889 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) 861:900 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 52 theme effervescent 1018:1029 arg1 agent 1031:1035 the effervescent agent 1014:1035 the effervescent agent 1014:1035 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 1 53 contain has 178:180 arg1 mesylate 136:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate 114:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate 114:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 1 53 contain has 178:180 arg1 agent 166:170 an antineoplastic agent 148:170 an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 148:250 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 1 53 contain has 178:180 arg2 absorption 187:196 high absorption 182:196 high absorption 182:196 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 14 54 theme based 2334:2338 arg1 mesylate 2349:2356 formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate 2312:2356 formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets 2312:2391 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 14 54 theme based 2334:2338 arg1 candidate 2412:2420 a promising candidate 2400:2420 a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy 2400:2444 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 2 55 theme peak 336:339 arg1 levels 347:352 rapid and relatively high peak blood levels 310:352 rapid and relatively high peak blood levels 310:352 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 5 56 theme granulation 811:821 arg1 method 823:828 the wet granulation method 803:828 the wet granulation method 803:828 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. 26035710 14 57 theme formulated 2312:2321 arg1 mesylate 2349:2356 formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate 2312:2356 formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets 2312:2391 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 14 57 theme formulated 2312:2321 arg1 candidate 2412:2420 a promising candidate 2400:2420 a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy 2400:2444 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 3 58 theme side 461:464 arg1 effects 466:472 side effects 461:472 side effects 461:472 This might cause side effects, reduced effectiveness and poor therapeutic management. 26035710 13 59 theme formulated 2063:2072 arg1 tablets 2077:2083 formulated SR tablets 2063:2083 formulated SR tablets 2063:2083 Thus, formulated SR tablets preserved persistent concentration of plasma up to 24 hours. 26035710 0 60 dep in 16:17 arg1 in 26:27 in 26:27 in 26:27 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 0 60 dep in 16:17 arg1 vitro 19:23 vitro 19:23 vitro 19:23 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 10 61 theme stability 1460:1468 arg1 studies 1470:1476 physical stability studies 1451:1476 physical stability studies 1451:1476 Consequently, 6 months of physical stability studies and in vitro gastro-retentive studies were conducted. 26035710 11 62 theme HPMC 1642:1645 arg1 K4M 1647:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 62 theme HPMC 1642:1645 arg1 NaHCO3 1717:1722 w/w NaHCO3 1713:1722 w/w NaHCO3 1713:1722 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 62 theme HPMC 1642:1645 arg1 alginate 1667:1674 w/w Na alginate 1660:1674 w/w Na alginate 1660:1674 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 62 theme HPMC 1642:1645 arg1 934P 1697:1700 w/w Carbomer 934P 1684:1700 w/w Carbomer 934P 1684:1700 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 62 theme HPMC 1642:1645 arg1 % 1657:1657 10.67% 1652:1657 10.67% 1652:1657 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 62 theme HPMC 1642:1645 arg1 % 1710:1710 9.33% 1706:1710 9.33% 1706:1710 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 62 theme HPMC 1642:1645 arg1 % 1681:1681 1.33% 1677:1681 1.33% 1677:1681 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 63 theme DISCUSSION 1544:1553 arg1 analysis 1572:1579 DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis 1544:1579 DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis 1544:1579 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 3 64 theme poor 501:504 arg1 management 518:527 poor therapeutic management 501:527 poor therapeutic management 501:527 This might cause side effects, reduced effectiveness and poor therapeutic management. 26035710 1 65 theme tract 240:244 arg1 part 211:214 the upper part 201:214 the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 201:250 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 14 66 theme promising 2402:2410 arg1 candidate 2412:2420 a promising candidate 2400:2420 a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy 2400:2444 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 14 66 theme promising 2402:2410 arg1 mesylate 2349:2356 formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate 2312:2356 formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets 2312:2391 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 9 67 theme physical 1325:1332 arg1 variation 1363:1371 weight variation 1356:1371 weight variation 1356:1371 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 9 67 theme physical 1325:1332 arg1 thickness 1374:1382 thickness 1374:1382 thickness 1374:1382 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 9 67 theme physical 1325:1332 arg1 parameters 1334:1343 various physical parameters 1317:1343 various physical parameters 1317:1343 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 9 67 theme physical 1325:1332 arg1 content 1416:1422 drug content 1411:1422 drug content 1411:1422 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 9 67 theme physical 1325:1332 arg1 hardness 1385:1392 hardness 1385:1392 hardness 1385:1392 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 9 67 theme physical 1325:1332 arg1 friability 1395:1404 friability 1395:1404 friability 1395:1404 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 11 68 theme data 1567:1570 arg1 analysis 1572:1579 DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis 1544:1579 DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis 1544:1579 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 12 69 theme in 1903:1904 arg1 study 1920:1924 in vitro release study 1903:1924 in vitro release study 1903:1924 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 2 70 theme mesylate 275:282 arg1 tablets 294:300 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets 253:300 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets 253:300 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 9 71 theme weight 1356:1361 arg1 variation 1363:1371 weight variation 1356:1371 weight variation 1356:1371 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 7 72 theme swelling 1108:1115 arg1 studies 1123:1129 swelling index studies 1108:1129 swelling index studies 1108:1129 Floating behavior, in vitro drug release, and swelling index studies were conducted. 26035710 12 73 theme conventional 2026:2037 arg1 tablet 2039:2044 the conventional tablet 2022:2044 the conventional tablet (Gleevec) 2022:2054 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 12 73 theme conventional 2026:2037 arg1 Gleevec 2047:2053 Gleevec 2047:2053 Gleevec 2047:2053 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 7 74 theme Floating 1062:1069 arg1 behavior 1071:1078 Floating behavior 1062:1078 Floating behavior 1062:1078 Floating behavior, in vitro drug release, and swelling index studies were conducted. 26035710 2 75 theme rapid 310:314 arg1 levels 347:352 rapid and relatively high peak blood levels 310:352 rapid and relatively high peak blood levels 310:352 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 10 76 theme studies 1508:1514 arg1 months 1441:1446 6 months 1439:1446 6 months of physical stability studies and in vitro gastro-retentive studies 1439:1514 Consequently, 6 months of physical stability studies and in vitro gastro-retentive studies were conducted. 26035710 11 77 theme Carbomer 1688:1695 arg1 K4M 1647:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 77 theme Carbomer 1688:1695 arg1 934P 1697:1700 w/w Carbomer 934P 1684:1700 w/w Carbomer 934P 1684:1700 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 78 with tablets 1801:1807 arg1 behavior 1831:1838 optimum floating behavior 1814:1838 optimum floating behavior 1814:1838 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 78 with tablets 1801:1807 arg1 characteristics 1873:1887 satisfactory physicochemical characteristics 1844:1887 satisfactory physicochemical characteristics 1844:1887 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 14 79 theme favorable 2236:2244 arg1 release 2246:2252 constant favorable release 2227:2252 constant favorable release 2227:2252 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 8 80 theme drug 1165:1168 arg1 duration 1178:1185 Initial and total drug release duration 1147:1185 duration 1178:1185 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 2 81 theme high 331:334 arg1 levels 347:352 rapid and relatively high peak blood levels 310:352 rapid and relatively high peak blood levels 310:352 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 11 82 theme satisfactory 1844:1855 arg1 characteristics 1873:1887 satisfactory physicochemical characteristics 1844:1887 satisfactory physicochemical characteristics 1844:1887 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 5 83 theme METHODOLOGY 718:728 arg1 mesylate 766:773 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate 718:773 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets 718:781 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. 26035710 8 84 from tablet 1218:1223 arg1 pH 1249:1250 pH 1.2 1249:1254 pH 1.2 1249:1254 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 8 84 from tablet 1218:1223 arg1 HCl 1244:1246 0.1 N HCl 1238:1246 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) 1238:1255 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 1 85 theme INTRODUCTION 114:125 arg1 mesylate 136:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate 114:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate 114:143 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 1 85 theme INTRODUCTION 114:125 arg1 agent 166:170 an antineoplastic agent 148:170 an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 148:250 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 14 86 theme cancer 2426:2431 arg1 chemotherapy 2433:2444 cancer chemotherapy 2426:2444 cancer chemotherapy 2426:2444 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 8 87 theme N 1242:1242 arg1 pH 1249:1250 pH 1.2 1249:1254 pH 1.2 1249:1254 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 8 87 theme N 1242:1242 arg1 HCl 1244:1246 0.1 N HCl 1238:1246 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) 1238:1255 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 14 88 theme constant 2227:2234 arg1 release 2246:2252 constant favorable release 2227:2252 constant favorable release 2227:2252 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 2 89 theme Conventional 253:264 arg1 Gleevec 285:291 Gleevec 285:291 Gleevec 285:291 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 2 89 theme Conventional 253:264 arg1 mesylate 275:282 Conventional imatinib mesylate 253:282 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets 253:300 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 9 90 theme drug 1411:1414 arg1 content 1416:1422 drug content 1411:1422 drug content 1411:1422 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 4 91 theme tablets 709:715 arg1 inadequacy 682:691 the inadequacy 678:691 the inadequacy of conventional tablets 678:715 Therefore, floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets were developed to allow the tablets to be released in the upper part of the GIT and overcome the inadequacy of conventional tablets. 26035710 11 92 theme w/w 1660:1662 arg1 alginate 1667:1674 w/w Na alginate 1660:1674 w/w Na alginate 1660:1674 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 92 theme w/w 1660:1662 arg1 K4M 1647:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 5 93 theme mesylate 766:773 arg1 tablets 775:781 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets 718:781 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets 718:781 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. 26035710 12 94 theme SR 1955:1956 arg1 tablet 1958:1963 the formulated SR tablet 1940:1963 the formulated SR tablet 1940:1963 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 14 95 theme drug 2201:2204 arg1 system 2215:2220 a better drug delivery system 2192:2220 a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release 2192:2252 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 5 96 theme Floating 730:737 arg1 mesylate 766:773 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate 718:773 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets 718:781 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. 26035710 0 97 theme sustained-release 70:86 arg1 mesylate 97:104 effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 48:104 effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 48:104 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 0 98 theme mesylate 97:104 arg1 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 0 98 theme mesylate 97:104 arg1 evaluation 34:43 in vitro, in vivo evaluation 16:43 in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate 16:104 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 6 99 theme sodium 983:988 arg1 bicarbonate 990:1000 sodium bicarbonate 983:1000 sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 983:1009 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 99 theme sodium 983:988 arg1 Methylcellulose 875:889 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose 861:889 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) 861:900 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 99 theme sodium 983:988 arg1 NaHCO3 1003:1008 NaHCO3 1003:1008 NaHCO3 1003:1008 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 14 100 dep resulting 2255:2263 arg1 suggest 2184:2190 suggest 2184:2190 to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release 2181:2252 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 8 101 theme ± 1263:1263 arg1 0.5°C 1265:1269 37 ± 0.5°C 1260:1269 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours 1260:1282 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 5 102 theme sustained-release 739:755 arg1 mesylate 766:773 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate 718:773 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets 718:781 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. 26035710 13 103 theme SR 2074:2075 arg1 tablets 2077:2083 formulated SR tablets 2063:2083 formulated SR tablets 2063:2083 Thus, formulated SR tablets preserved persistent concentration of plasma up to 24 hours. 26035710 11 104 theme sustained-release 1783:1799 arg1 tablets 1801:1807 24-hour sustained-release tablets 1775:1807 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics 1775:1887 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 14 105 with system 2215:2220 arg1 release 2246:2252 constant favorable release 2227:2252 constant favorable release 2227:2252 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 11 106 contain containing 1603:1612 arg1 tablets 1595:1601 tablets 1595:1601 tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 1595:1722 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 106 contain containing 1603:1612 arg2 composition 1616:1626 a composition 1614:1626 a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 1614:1722 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 2 107 theme effective 427:435 arg1 range 437:441 an effective range 424:441 an effective range 424:441 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 4 108 theme sustained-release 550:566 arg1 tablets 577:583 floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets 541:583 floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets 541:583 Therefore, floating sustained-release Imatinib tablets were developed to allow the tablets to be released in the upper part of the GIT and overcome the inadequacy of conventional tablets. 26035710 2 109 theme frequent 367:374 arg1 administration 376:389 frequent administration 367:389 frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range 367:441 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 14 110 from CONCLUSION 2146:2155 arg1 conclusion 2160:2169 conclusion 2160:2169 conclusion 2160:2169 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 11 111 theme 14.67 1631:1635 arg1 % 1636:1636 % 1636:1636 % 1636:1636 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 2 112 theme drug 410:413 arg1 level 415:419 the plasma drug level 399:419 the plasma drug level 399:419 Conventional imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) tablets produce rapid and relatively high peak blood levels and requires frequent administration to keep the plasma drug level at an effective range. 26035710 7 113 theme index 1117:1121 arg1 studies 1123:1129 swelling index studies 1108:1129 swelling index studies 1108:1129 Floating behavior, in vitro drug release, and swelling index studies were conducted. 26035710 8 114 theme 0.1 1238:1240 arg1 N 1242:1242 N 1242:1242 N 1242:1242 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 6 115 with Methylcellulose 875:889 arg1 CP 948:949 CP 948:949 CP 948:949 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 115 with Methylcellulose 875:889 arg1 SA 925:926 SA 925:926 SA 925:926 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 115 with Methylcellulose 875:889 arg1 alginate 915:922 Sodium alginate 908:922 Sodium alginate (SA) 908:927 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 115 with Methylcellulose 875:889 arg1 934P 942:945 Carbomer 934P 933:945 Carbomer 934P (CP) 933:950 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 12 116 dep in 1903:1904 arg1 vitro 1906:1910 vitro 1906:1910 vitro 1906:1910 Furthermore, in vitro release study revealed that the formulated SR tablet had significantly lower Cmax and higher Tmax compared to the conventional tablet (Gleevec). 26035710 14 117 theme imatinib 2340:2347 arg1 mesylate 2349:2356 formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate 2312:2356 formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets 2312:2391 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 14 117 theme imatinib 2340:2347 arg1 candidate 2412:2420 a promising candidate 2400:2420 a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy 2400:2444 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 5 118 theme wet 807:809 arg1 method 823:828 the wet granulation method 803:828 the wet granulation method 803:828 METHODOLOGY Floating sustained-release Imatinib mesylate tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. 26035710 11 119 theme favorable 1742:1750 arg1 formulation 1752:1762 the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics 1733:1887 the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics 1733:1887 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 0 120 dep in 26:27 arg1 vivo 29:32 vivo 29:32 vivo 29:32 Formulation and in vitro, in vivo evaluation of effervescent floating sustained-release imatinib mesylate tablet. 26035710 11 121 theme K4M 1647:1649 arg1 composition 1616:1626 a composition 1614:1626 a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 1614:1722 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 14 122 theme CP-HPMC-SA 2323:2332 arg1 mesylate 2349:2356 formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate 2312:2356 formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets 2312:2391 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 14 122 theme CP-HPMC-SA 2323:2332 arg1 candidate 2412:2420 a promising candidate 2400:2420 a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy 2400:2444 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 3 123 theme reduced 475:481 arg1 effectiveness 483:495 reduced effectiveness 475:495 reduced effectiveness 475:495 This might cause side effects, reduced effectiveness and poor therapeutic management. 26035710 13 124 theme plasma 2123:2128 arg1 concentration 2106:2118 persistent concentration 2095:2118 persistent concentration of plasma up to 24 hours 2095:2143 Thus, formulated SR tablets preserved persistent concentration of plasma up to 24 hours. 26035710 6 125 theme Hydroxypropyl 861:873 arg1 bicarbonate 990:1000 sodium bicarbonate 983:1000 sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 983:1009 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 125 theme Hydroxypropyl 861:873 arg1 filler 1054:1059 a filler 1052:1059 a filler 1052:1059 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 125 theme Hydroxypropyl 861:873 arg1 Methylcellulose 875:889 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose 861:889 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) 861:900 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 125 theme Hydroxypropyl 861:873 arg1 K4M 897:899 HPMC K4M 892:899 HPMC K4M 892:899 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 6 125 theme Hydroxypropyl 861:873 arg1 agent 1031:1035 the effervescent agent 1014:1035 the effervescent agent 1014:1035 Tablets were formulated using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), with Sodium alginate (SA) and Carbomer 934P (CP) as release-retarding polymers, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the effervescent agent and lactose as a filler. 26035710 11 126 theme w/w 1638:1640 arg1 K4M 1647:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 126 theme w/w 1638:1640 arg1 NaHCO3 1717:1722 w/w NaHCO3 1713:1722 w/w NaHCO3 1713:1722 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 126 theme w/w 1638:1640 arg1 alginate 1667:1674 w/w Na alginate 1660:1674 w/w Na alginate 1660:1674 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 126 theme w/w 1638:1640 arg1 934P 1697:1700 w/w Carbomer 934P 1684:1700 w/w Carbomer 934P 1684:1700 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 126 theme w/w 1638:1640 arg1 % 1657:1657 10.67% 1652:1657 10.67% 1652:1657 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 126 theme w/w 1638:1640 arg1 % 1710:1710 9.33% 1706:1710 9.33% 1706:1710 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 126 theme w/w 1638:1640 arg1 % 1681:1681 1.33% 1677:1681 1.33% 1677:1681 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 127 theme w/w 1713:1715 arg1 NaHCO3 1717:1722 w/w NaHCO3 1713:1722 w/w NaHCO3 1713:1722 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 11 127 theme w/w 1713:1715 arg1 K4M 1647:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M 1631:1649 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical data analysis revealed that tablets containing a composition of 14.67% w/w HPMC K4M, 10.67%, w/w Na alginate, 1.33%, w/w Carbomer 934P and 9.33%, w/w NaHCO3 produced the most favorable formulation to develop 24-hour sustained-release tablets with optimum floating behavior and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. 26035710 8 128 from 0.5°C 1265:1269 arg1 tablet 1218:1223 a commercial tablet 1205:1223 a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours 1205:1282 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 8 128 from 0.5°C 1265:1269 arg1 Gleevec 1226:1232 Gleevec 1226:1232 Gleevec 1226:1232 Initial and total drug release duration was compared with a commercial tablet (Gleevec) in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5°C for 24 hours. 26035710 1 129 theme gastrointestinal 223:238 arg1 tract 240:244 the gastrointestinal tract 219:244 the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 219:250 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 1 129 theme gastrointestinal 223:238 arg1 GIT 247:249 GIT 247:249 GIT 247:249 INTRODUCTION Imatinib mesylate is an antineoplastic agent which has high absorption in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 26035710 10 130 theme physical 1451:1458 arg1 studies 1470:1476 physical stability studies 1451:1476 physical stability studies 1451:1476 Consequently, 6 months of physical stability studies and in vitro gastro-retentive studies were conducted. 26035710 14 131 theme side 2298:2301 arg1 effects 2303:2309 less side effects 2293:2309 less side effects 2293:2309 CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to suggest a better drug delivery system with constant favorable release, resulting in optimized absorption and less side effects, formulated CP-HPMC-SA based imatinib mesylate floating sustained-release tablets can be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. 26035710 3 132 theme therapeutic 506:516 arg1 management 518:527 poor therapeutic management 501:527 poor therapeutic management 501:527 This might cause side effects, reduced effectiveness and poor therapeutic management. 26035710 9 133 theme various 1317:1323 arg1 variation 1363:1371 weight variation 1356:1371 weight variation 1356:1371 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 9 133 theme various 1317:1323 arg1 thickness 1374:1382 thickness 1374:1382 thickness 1374:1382 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 9 133 theme various 1317:1323 arg1 parameters 1334:1343 various physical parameters 1317:1343 various physical parameters 1317:1343 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 9 133 theme various 1317:1323 arg1 content 1416:1422 drug content 1411:1422 drug content 1411:1422 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 9 133 theme various 1317:1323 arg1 hardness 1385:1392 hardness 1385:1392 hardness 1385:1392 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 26035710 9 133 theme various 1317:1323 arg1 friability 1395:1404 friability 1395:1404 friability 1395:1404 Tablets were then evaluated for various physical parameters, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and drug content. 28627205 4 0 theme longitudinal 633:644 arg1 study 646:650 A longitudinal study 631:650 A longitudinal study 631:650 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 10 1 theme [Fibromyalgia 1725:1737 arg1 questionnaire 1746:1758 fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire 1712:1758 fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire 1712:1758 All fibromyalgiasymptoms, including somatic pain, declined significantly post-LFD (p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire: M1 = 21.8; M2 = 16.9; M3 = 17.0 (p < 0.01)]. 28627205 7 2 theme FODMAP 1205:1210 arg1 intake 1212:1217 FODMAP intake 1205:1217 FODMAP intake 1205:1217 Daily macro-micronutrients and FODMAP intake were quantified at each moment of the study. 28627205 9 3 from effect 1553:1558 arg1 composition 1568:1578 body composition 1563:1578 body composition 1563:1578 Weight, body mass-index and waist circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet, but no significant effect on body composition was observed. 28627205 0 4 theme rheumatic 190:198 arg1 disease 200:206 a chronic rheumatic disease 180:206 a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 180:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 0 4 theme rheumatic 190:198 arg1 Fibromyalgia 164:175 INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia 151:175 INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia 151:175 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 10 5 theme survey 1739:1744 arg1 questionnaire 1746:1758 fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire 1712:1758 fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire 1712:1758 All fibromyalgiasymptoms, including somatic pain, declined significantly post-LFD (p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire: M1 = 21.8; M2 = 16.9; M3 = 17.0 (p < 0.01)]. 28627205 14 6 theme balanced 2277:2284 arg1 polyols 2244:2250 polyols 2244:2250 polyols 2244:2250 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 14 6 theme balanced 2277:2284 arg1 approach 2286:2293 a nutritionally balanced approach 2261:2293 a nutritionally balanced approach 2261:2293 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 14 6 theme balanced 2277:2284 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 2214:2238 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 2198:2238 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 2198:2238 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 4 7 theme assessments/nutritional 916:938 arg1 counselling 940:950 final assessments/nutritional counselling 910:950 final assessments/nutritional counselling 910:950 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 12 8 theme Diet 2009:2012 arg1 % 2028:2028 85% 2026:2028 85% 2026:2028 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 12 8 theme Diet 2009:2012 arg1 " 2023:2023 the "Diet adherence" 2004:2023 the "Diet adherence" (85%) 2004:2029 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 7 9 theme Daily 1174:1178 arg1 macro-micronutrients 1180:1199 Daily macro-micronutrients 1174:1199 Daily macro-micronutrients 1174:1199 Daily macro-micronutrients and FODMAP intake were quantified at each moment of the study. 28627205 0 10 with fibromyalgia 96:107 arg1 benefits 142:149 nutritional and symptomatic benefits 114:149 nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 114:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 3 11 theme fibromyalgia 582:593 arg1 symptoms 595:602 fibromyalgia symptoms 582:602 fibromyalgia symptoms 582:602 We studied effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status. 28627205 5 12 theme assessment 957:966 arg1 instruments 968:978 The assessment instruments 953:978 The assessment instruments applied 953:986 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 12 theme assessment 957:966 arg1 Questionnaire 1014:1026 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire 994:1026 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS) 994:1094 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 12 13 from reduction 1932:1940 arg1 intake 1952:1957 FODMAP intake 1945:1957 FODMAP intake 1945:1957 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 10 14 theme somatic 1630:1636 arg1 pain 1638:1641 somatic pain 1630:1641 somatic pain 1630:1641 All fibromyalgiasymptoms, including somatic pain, declined significantly post-LFD (p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire: M1 = 21.8; M2 = 16.9; M3 = 17.0 (p < 0.01)]. 28627205 8 15 theme studied 1276:1282 arg1 cohort 1284:1289 The studied cohort 1272:1289 The studied cohort 1272:1289 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 8 15 theme studied 1276:1282 arg1 % 1297:1297 37% 1295:1297 37% overweight, 34% obese 1295:1319 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 11 16 theme essential 1820:1828 arg1 calcium 1848:1854 calcium 1848:1854 calcium 1848:1854 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 11 16 theme essential 1820:1828 arg1 fiber 1841:1845 fiber 1841:1845 fiber 1841:1845 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 11 16 theme essential 1820:1828 arg1 nutrients 1830:1838 essential nutrients 1820:1838 essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) 1820:1880 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 11 16 theme essential 1820:1828 arg1 magnesium 1857:1865 magnesium 1857:1865 magnesium 1857:1865 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 11 16 theme essential 1820:1828 arg1 D 1879:1879 vitamin D 1871:1879 vitamin D 1871:1879 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 9 17 theme low 1474:1476 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 1490:1514 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 1474:1514 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 1474:1514 Weight, body mass-index and waist circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet, but no significant effect on body composition was observed. 28627205 8 18 theme mass-index 1335:1344 arg1 ± 1351:1351 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6 1322:1355 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1322:1382 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 4 19 theme four-week 702:710 arg1 assessment 722:731 a four-week, repeated assessment 700:731 a four-week, repeated assessment as follow 700:741 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 1 20 theme bowel 418:422 arg1 symptoms 433:440 irritable bowel syndrome symptoms 408:440 irritable bowel syndrome symptoms 408:440 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) has been effective in controlling irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 28627205 11 21 theme significant 1892:1902 arg1 difference 1904:1913 no significant difference 1889:1913 no significant difference 1889:1913 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 14 22 dep showing 2190:2196 arg1 reducing 2328:2335 reducing 2328:2335 reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms 2328:2375 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 14 22 dep showing 2190:2196 arg1 contributing 2296:2307 contributing 2296:2307 contributing to weight loss 2296:2322 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 4 23 dep oligo-di-mono-saccharides 810:834 arg1 diet 848:851 diet 848:851 diet 848:851 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 4 24 theme individual 783:792 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 810:834 individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 783:834 individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 783:834 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 11 25 dep nutrients 1830:1838 arg1 calcium 1848:1854 calcium 1848:1854 calcium 1848:1854 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 11 25 dep nutrients 1830:1838 arg1 fiber 1841:1845 fiber 1841:1845 fiber 1841:1845 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 11 25 dep nutrients 1830:1838 arg1 nutrients 1830:1838 essential nutrients 1820:1838 essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) 1820:1880 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 11 25 dep nutrients 1830:1838 arg1 magnesium 1857:1865 magnesium 1857:1865 magnesium 1857:1865 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 11 25 dep nutrients 1830:1838 arg1 D 1879:1879 vitamin D 1871:1879 vitamin D 1871:1879 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 0 26 dep benefits 142:149 arg1 disease 200:206 a chronic rheumatic disease 180:206 a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 180:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 0 26 dep benefits 142:149 arg1 Fibromyalgia 164:175 INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia 151:175 INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia 151:175 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 12 27 theme < 1986:1986 arg1 p 1984:1984 p < 0.01 1984:1991 p < 0.01 1984:1991 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 8 28 theme excess 1358:1363 arg1 % 1382:1382 excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1358:1382 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1322:1382 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 4 29 dep assessment 722:731 arg1 follow 736:741 follow 736:741 follow 736:741 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 1 30 dep diet 308:311 arg1 diet 368:371 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet 314:371 diet 368:371 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) has been effective in controlling irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 28627205 1 30 dep diet 308:311 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 330:354 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet 314:371 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 330:354 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) has been effective in controlling irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 28627205 8 31 theme mass 1369:1372 arg1 % 1382:1382 excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1358:1382 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1322:1382 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 5 32 theme Survey 1007:1012 arg1 FSQ 1029:1031 FSQ 1029:1031 FSQ 1029:1031 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 32 theme Survey 1007:1012 arg1 instruments 968:978 The assessment instruments 953:978 The assessment instruments applied 953:986 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 32 theme Survey 1007:1012 arg1 Questionnaire 1014:1026 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire 994:1026 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS) 994:1094 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 8 33 theme ± 1379:1379 arg1 % 1382:1382 excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1358:1382 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1322:1382 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 0 34 theme balanced 75:82 arg1 therapy 84:90 a balanced therapy 73:90 a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 73:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 0 34 theme balanced 75:82 arg1 diet 65:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet 0:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet 0:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 4 35 dep METHODS 623:629 arg1 = 747:747 = 747:747 = 747:747 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 4 35 dep METHODS 623:629 arg1 performed 656:664 performed 656:664 was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow 652:741 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 13 36 theme diet 2108:2111 arg1 0.65 2129:2132 r = 0.65 2125:2132 r = 0.65 2125:2132 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 13 36 theme diet 2108:2111 arg1 " 2122:2122 "diet adherence" 2107:2122 "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01) 2107:2143 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 0 37 theme major 251:255 arg1 syndrome 286:293 a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 249:293 a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 249:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 9 38 theme body 1563:1566 arg1 composition 1568:1578 body composition 1563:1578 body composition 1563:1578 Weight, body mass-index and waist circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet, but no significant effect on body composition was observed. 28627205 5 39 dep Questionnaire 1014:1026 arg1 scale 1084:1088 visual analogic scale 1068:1088 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS) 994:1094 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 39 dep Questionnaire 1014:1026 arg1 IBS-SSS 1058:1064 IBS-SSS 1058:1064 IBS-SSS 1058:1064 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 39 dep Questionnaire 1014:1026 arg1 System 1050:1055 Severity Score System 1035:1055 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS) 994:1094 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 39 dep Questionnaire 1014:1026 arg1 VAS 1091:1093 VAS 1091:1093 VAS 1091:1093 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 0 40 theme -irritable 269:278 arg1 syndrome 286:293 a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 249:293 a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 249:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 4 41 theme fermentable 798:808 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 810:834 individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 783:834 individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 783:834 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 10 42 theme p 1677:1677 arg1 < 1679:1679 p < 0.01); 1677:1686 p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire 1677:1758 All fibromyalgiasymptoms, including somatic pain, declined significantly post-LFD (p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire: M1 = 21.8; M2 = 16.9; M3 = 17.0 (p < 0.01)]. 28627205 7 43 theme study 1257:1261 arg1 moment 1243:1248 each moment 1238:1248 each moment of the study 1238:1261 Daily macro-micronutrients and FODMAP intake were quantified at each moment of the study. 28627205 5 44 theme Severity 1035:1042 arg1 IBS-SSS 1058:1064 IBS-SSS 1058:1064 IBS-SSS 1058:1064 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 44 theme Severity 1035:1042 arg1 System 1050:1055 Severity Score System 1035:1055 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS) 994:1094 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 14 45 theme FM 2353:2354 arg1 fibromyalgiasymptoms 2356:2375 FM fibromyalgiasymptoms 2353:2375 FM fibromyalgiasymptoms 2353:2375 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 2 46 theme aggravating 460:470 arg1 factor 472:477 an aggravating factor 457:477 an aggravating factor for fibromyalgia 457:494 Overweight is an aggravating factor for fibromyalgia. 28627205 2 46 theme aggravating 460:470 arg1 Overweight 443:452 Overweight 443:452 Overweight 443:452 Overweight is an aggravating factor for fibromyalgia. 28627205 8 47 dep % 1297:1297 arg1 ± 1351:1351 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6 1322:1355 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1322:1382 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 11 48 theme vitamin 1871:1877 arg1 nutrients 1830:1838 essential nutrients 1820:1838 essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) 1820:1880 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 11 48 theme vitamin 1871:1877 arg1 D 1879:1879 vitamin D 1871:1879 vitamin D 1871:1879 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 0 49 theme fermentable 6:16 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 18:42 fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 6:42 fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 6:42 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 0 49 theme fermentable 6:16 arg1 FODMAP 57:62 FODMAP 57:62 FODMAP 57:62 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 1 50 theme FODMAPS 300:306 arg1 diet 308:311 Low FODMAPS diet 296:311 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) 296:372 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) has been effective in controlling irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 28627205 14 51 theme fibromyalgiasymptoms 2356:2375 arg1 severity 2341:2348 the severity 2337:2348 the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms 2337:2375 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 8 52 dep overweight 1299:1308 arg1 obese 1315:1319 obese 1315:1319 obese 1315:1319 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 6 53 theme waist 1129:1133 arg1 WC 1150:1151 WC 1150:1151 WC 1150:1151 Body mass-index/composition and waist circumference (WC) were also measured. 28627205 6 53 theme waist 1129:1133 arg1 circumference 1135:1147 waist circumference 1129:1147 waist circumference (WC) 1129:1152 Body mass-index/composition and waist circumference (WC) were also measured. 28627205 13 54 theme = 2127:2127 arg1 0.65 2129:2132 r = 0.65 2125:2132 r = 0.65 2125:2132 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 13 54 theme = 2127:2127 arg1 " 2122:2122 "diet adherence" 2107:2122 "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01) 2107:2143 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 3 55 theme low 519:521 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 535:559 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 519:559 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 519:559 We studied effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status. 28627205 1 56 theme fermentable 318:328 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 330:354 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet 314:371 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 330:354 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) has been effective in controlling irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 28627205 8 57 dep RESULTS 1264:1270 arg1 cohort 1284:1289 The studied cohort 1272:1289 The studied cohort 1272:1289 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 8 57 dep RESULTS 1264:1270 arg1 % 1297:1297 37% 1295:1297 37% overweight, 34% obese 1295:1319 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 3 58 from effects 508:514 arg1 symptoms 595:602 fibromyalgia symptoms 582:602 fibromyalgia symptoms 582:602 We studied effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status. 28627205 3 58 from effects 508:514 arg1 status 615:620 weight status 608:620 weight status 608:620 We studied effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status. 28627205 4 59 theme second 859:864 arg1 assessments/reintroduction 866:891 second assessments/reintroduction 859:891 second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs 859:902 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 9 60 theme body 1394:1397 arg1 mass-index 1399:1408 body mass-index 1394:1408 body mass-index 1394:1408 Weight, body mass-index and waist circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet, but no significant effect on body composition was observed. 28627205 5 61 theme analogic 1075:1082 arg1 scale 1084:1088 visual analogic scale 1068:1088 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS) 994:1094 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 61 theme analogic 1075:1082 arg1 VAS 1091:1093 VAS 1091:1093 VAS 1091:1093 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 13 62 with Satisfaction 2033:2044 arg1 improvement 2051:2061 improvement 2051:2061 improvement of symptoms 2051:2073 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 14 63 theme fermentable 2202:2212 arg1 polyols 2244:2250 polyols 2244:2250 polyols 2244:2250 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 14 63 theme fermentable 2202:2212 arg1 approach 2286:2293 a nutritionally balanced approach 2261:2293 a nutritionally balanced approach 2261:2293 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 14 63 theme fermentable 2202:2212 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 2214:2238 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 2198:2238 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 2198:2238 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 3 64 theme polyols 565:571 arg1 effects 508:514 effects 508:514 effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status 508:620 We studied effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status. 28627205 13 65 theme p 2135:2135 arg1 < 2137:2137 p < 0.01 2135:2142 p < 0.01 2135:2142 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 13 66 theme Satisfaction 2033:2044 arg1 " 2074:2074 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" 2032:2074 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" 2032:2074 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 13 66 theme Satisfaction 2033:2044 arg1 % 2079:2079 76% 2077:2079 76% 2077:2079 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 14 67 theme weight 2312:2317 arg1 loss 2319:2322 weight loss 2312:2322 weight loss 2312:2322 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 0 68 theme chronic 182:188 arg1 disease 200:206 a chronic rheumatic disease 180:206 a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 180:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 0 68 theme chronic 182:188 arg1 Fibromyalgia 164:175 INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia 151:175 INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia 151:175 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 3 69 theme oligo-di-mono-saccharides 535:559 arg1 effects 508:514 effects 508:514 effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status 508:620 We studied effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status. 28627205 12 70 theme = 1963:1963 arg1 g 1970:1970 M1 = 24.4 g 1960:1970 M1 = 24.4 g 1960:1970 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 9 71 theme significant 1541:1551 arg1 effect 1553:1558 no significant effect 1538:1558 no significant effect on body composition 1538:1578 Weight, body mass-index and waist circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet, but no significant effect on body composition was observed. 28627205 10 72 theme fibromyalgia 1712:1723 arg1 questionnaire 1746:1758 fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire 1712:1758 fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire 1712:1758 All fibromyalgiasymptoms, including somatic pain, declined significantly post-LFD (p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire: M1 = 21.8; M2 = 16.9; M3 = 17.0 (p < 0.01)]. 28627205 0 73 theme widespread 218:227 arg1 pain 229:232 widespread pain 218:232 widespread pain 218:232 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 12 74 theme FODMAP 1945:1950 arg1 intake 1952:1957 FODMAP intake 1945:1957 FODMAP intake 1945:1957 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 13 75 theme symptoms 2066:2073 arg1 improvement 2051:2061 improvement 2051:2061 improvement of symptoms 2051:2073 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 4 76 theme final 910:914 arg1 counselling 940:950 final assessments/nutritional counselling 910:950 final assessments/nutritional counselling 910:950 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 8 77 theme overweight 1299:1308 arg1 cohort 1284:1289 The studied cohort 1272:1289 The studied cohort 1272:1289 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 8 77 theme overweight 1299:1308 arg1 % 1297:1297 37% 1295:1297 37% overweight, 34% obese 1295:1319 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 14 78 theme CONCLUSIONS 2146:2156 arg1 Results 2158:2164 CONCLUSIONS Results 2146:2164 CONCLUSIONS Results 2146:2164 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 12 79 theme adherence 2014:2022 arg1 % 2028:2028 85% 2026:2028 85% 2026:2028 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 12 79 theme adherence 2014:2022 arg1 " 2023:2023 the "Diet adherence" 2004:2023 the "Diet adherence" (85%) 2004:2029 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 0 80 theme nutritional 114:124 arg1 benefits 142:149 nutritional and symptomatic benefits 114:149 nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 114:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 13 81 dep 0.65 2129:2132 arg1 < 2137:2137 p < 0.01 2135:2142 p < 0.01 2135:2142 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 3 82 theme weight 608:613 arg1 status 615:620 weight status 608:620 weight status 608:620 We studied effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status. 28627205 0 83 theme symptomatic 130:140 arg1 benefits 142:149 nutritional and symptomatic benefits 114:149 nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 114:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 1 84 theme irritable 408:416 arg1 symptoms 433:440 irritable bowel syndrome symptoms 408:440 irritable bowel syndrome symptoms 408:440 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) has been effective in controlling irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 28627205 9 85 theme fermentable 1478:1488 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 1490:1514 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 1474:1514 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 1474:1514 Weight, body mass-index and waist circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet, but no significant effect on body composition was observed. 28627205 12 86 theme significant 1920:1930 arg1 reduction 1932:1940 The significant reduction 1916:1940 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) 1916:1992 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 8 87 theme average 1322:1328 arg1 ± 1351:1351 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6 1322:1355 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1322:1382 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 0 88 theme INTRODUCTION 151:162 arg1 disease 200:206 a chronic rheumatic disease 180:206 a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 180:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 0 88 theme INTRODUCTION 151:162 arg1 Fibromyalgia 164:175 INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia 151:175 INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia 151:175 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 1 89 theme syndrome 424:431 arg1 symptoms 433:440 irritable bowel syndrome symptoms 408:440 irritable bowel syndrome symptoms 408:440 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) has been effective in controlling irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 28627205 9 90 dep significantly 1444:1456 arg1 p 1459:1459 p 1459:1459 p < 0.01 1459:1466 Weight, body mass-index and waist circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet, but no significant effect on body composition was observed. 28627205 14 91 dep oligo-di-mono-saccharides 2214:2238 arg1 diets 2252:2256 diets 2252:2256 diets 2252:2256 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 4 92 theme first 749:753 arg1 assessments/presentation 755:778 first assessments/presentation 749:778 first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet 749:851 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 13 93 theme adherence 2113:2121 arg1 0.65 2129:2132 r = 0.65 2125:2132 r = 0.65 2125:2132 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 13 93 theme adherence 2113:2121 arg1 " 2122:2122 "diet adherence" 2107:2122 "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01) 2107:2143 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 6 94 theme Body 1097:1100 arg1 mass-index/composition 1102:1123 Body mass-index/composition 1097:1123 Body mass-index/composition 1097:1123 Body mass-index/composition and waist circumference (WC) were also measured. 28627205 10 95 theme < 1796:1796 arg1 17.0 1788:1791 17.0 1788:1791 17.0 1788:1791 All fibromyalgiasymptoms, including somatic pain, declined significantly post-LFD (p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire: M1 = 21.8; M2 = 16.9; M3 = 17.0 (p < 0.01)]. 28627205 10 95 theme < 1796:1796 arg1 p 1794:1794 p < 0.01 1794:1801 p < 0.01 1794:1801 All fibromyalgiasymptoms, including somatic pain, declined significantly post-LFD (p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire: M1 = 21.8; M2 = 16.9; M3 = 17.0 (p < 0.01)]. 28627205 1 96 theme polyols 360:366 arg1 diet 368:371 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet 314:371 diet 368:371 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) has been effective in controlling irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 28627205 5 97 theme Fibromyalgia 994:1005 arg1 FSQ 1029:1031 FSQ 1029:1031 FSQ 1029:1031 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 97 theme Fibromyalgia 994:1005 arg1 instruments 968:978 The assessment instruments 953:978 The assessment instruments applied 953:986 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 97 theme Fibromyalgia 994:1005 arg1 Questionnaire 1014:1026 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire 994:1026 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS) 994:1094 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 8 98 theme fat 1365:1367 arg1 % 1382:1382 excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1358:1382 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1322:1382 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 10 99 dep = 1764:1764 arg1 < 1679:1679 p < 0.01); 1677:1686 p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire 1677:1758 All fibromyalgiasymptoms, including somatic pain, declined significantly post-LFD (p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire: M1 = 21.8; M2 = 16.9; M3 = 17.0 (p < 0.01)]. 28627205 8 100 dep ± 1351:1351 arg1 % 1382:1382 excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1358:1382 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1322:1382 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 12 101 dep = 1976:1976 arg1 g 1970:1970 M1 = 24.4 g 1960:1970 M1 = 24.4 g 1960:1970 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 12 101 dep = 1976:1976 arg1 p 1984:1984 p < 0.01 1984:1991 p < 0.01 1984:1991 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 4 102 theme polyols 840:846 arg1 assessments/presentation 755:778 first assessments/presentation 749:778 first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet 749:851 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 13 103 theme r 2125:2125 arg1 0.65 2129:2132 r = 0.65 2125:2132 r = 0.65 2125:2132 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 13 103 theme r 2125:2125 arg1 " 2122:2122 "diet adherence" 2107:2122 "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01) 2107:2143 "Satisfaction with improvement of symptoms" (76%), showed correlating with "diet adherence" (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). 28627205 0 104 theme low 2:4 arg1 therapy 84:90 a balanced therapy 73:90 a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 73:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 0 104 theme low 2:4 arg1 diet 65:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet 0:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet 0:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 0 105 theme comorbidity 257:267 arg1 syndrome 286:293 a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 249:293 a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 249:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 3 106 dep oligo-di-mono-saccharides 535:559 arg1 diets 573:577 diets 573:577 diets 573:577 We studied effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status. 28627205 4 107 theme low 794:796 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 810:834 individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 783:834 individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 783:834 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 0 108 theme oligo-di-mono-saccharides 18:42 arg1 therapy 84:90 a balanced therapy 73:90 a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 73:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 0 108 theme oligo-di-mono-saccharides 18:42 arg1 diet 65:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet 0:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet 0:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 1 109 theme Low 296:298 arg1 diet 308:311 Low FODMAPS diet 296:311 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) 296:372 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) has been effective in controlling irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 28627205 0 110 theme bowel 280:284 arg1 syndrome 286:293 a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 249:293 a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 249:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 5 111 theme Score 1044:1048 arg1 IBS-SSS 1058:1064 IBS-SSS 1058:1064 IBS-SSS 1058:1064 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 111 theme Score 1044:1048 arg1 System 1050:1055 Severity Score System 1035:1055 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS) 994:1094 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 4 112 theme oligo-di-mono-saccharides 810:834 arg1 assessments/presentation 755:778 first assessments/presentation 749:778 first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet 749:851 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 11 113 theme nutrients 1830:1838 arg1 intake 1810:1815 The intake 1806:1815 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) 1806:1880 The intake of essential nutrients (fiber, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D) showed no significant difference. 28627205 0 114 theme polyols 48:54 arg1 therapy 84:90 a balanced therapy 73:90 a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome 73:293 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 0 114 theme polyols 48:54 arg1 diet 65:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet 0:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet 0:68 A low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is a balanced therapy for fibromyalgia with nutritional and symptomatic benefits INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease producing widespread pain, associated to a major comorbidity -irritable bowel syndrome. 28627205 8 115 theme body 1330:1333 arg1 ± 1351:1351 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6 1322:1355 average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7% 1322:1382 RESULTS The studied cohort was 37% overweight, 34% obese (average body mass-index 27.4 ± 4.6; excess fat mass 39.4 ± 7%). 28627205 4 116 dep four-week 702:710 arg1 repeated 713:720 repeated 713:720 repeated 713:720 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 12 117 dep reduction 1932:1940 arg1 = 1976:1976 = 1976:1976 = 1976:1976 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 4 118 theme FODMAPs 896:902 arg1 assessments/reintroduction 866:891 second assessments/reintroduction 859:891 second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs 859:902 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 1 119 theme low 314:316 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 330:354 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet 314:371 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 330:354 Low FODMAPS diet (low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet) has been effective in controlling irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 28627205 3 120 theme fermentable 523:533 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 535:559 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 519:559 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 519:559 We studied effects of low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets on fibromyalgia symptoms and weight status. 28627205 5 121 theme visual 1068:1073 arg1 scale 1084:1088 visual analogic scale 1068:1088 Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS) 994:1094 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 5 121 theme visual 1068:1073 arg1 VAS 1091:1093 VAS 1091:1093 VAS 1091:1093 The assessment instruments applied were: Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ); Severity Score System (IBS-SSS); visual analogic scale (VAS). 28627205 9 122 dep oligo-di-mono-saccharides 1490:1514 arg1 diet 1528:1531 diet 1528:1531 diet 1528:1531 Weight, body mass-index and waist circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet, but no significant effect on body composition was observed. 28627205 12 123 theme M1 1960:1961 arg1 g 1970:1970 M1 = 24.4 g 1960:1970 M1 = 24.4 g 1960:1970 The significant reduction in FODMAP intake (M1 = 24.4 g; M2 = 2.6g; p < 0.01) reflected the "Diet adherence" (85%). 28627205 4 124 theme fibromyalgia 672:683 arg1 patients 685:692 38 fibromyalgia patients 669:692 38 fibromyalgia patients 669:692 METHODS A longitudinal study was performed on 38 fibromyalgia patients using a four-week, repeated assessment as follow: M1 = first assessments/presentation of individual low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet; M2 = second assessments/reintroduction of FODMAPs; M3 = final assessments/nutritional counselling. 28627205 14 125 theme low 2198:2200 arg1 polyols 2244:2250 polyols 2244:2250 polyols 2244:2250 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 14 125 theme low 2198:2200 arg1 approach 2286:2293 a nutritionally balanced approach 2261:2293 a nutritionally balanced approach 2261:2293 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 14 125 theme low 2198:2200 arg1 oligo-di-mono-saccharides 2214:2238 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 2198:2238 low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides 2198:2238 CONCLUSIONS Results are highly encouraging, showing low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diets as a nutritionally balanced approach, contributing to weight loss and reducing the severity of FM fibromyalgiasymptoms. 28627205 10 126 theme questionnaire 1746:1758 arg1 severity 1700:1707 severity 1700:1707 severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire 1700:1758 All fibromyalgiasymptoms, including somatic pain, declined significantly post-LFD (p < 0.01); as well for severity of fibromyalgia [Fibromyalgia survey questionnaire: M1 = 21.8; M2 = 16.9; M3 = 17.0 (p < 0.01)]. 28627205 9 127 theme waist 1414:1418 arg1 circumference 1420:1432 waist circumference 1414:1432 waist circumference 1414:1432 Weight, body mass-index and waist circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet, but no significant effect on body composition was observed. 28347787 0 0 theme biocatalystic 70:82 arg1 performance 84:94 the biocatalystic performance 66:94 the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads 66:141 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system and investigating the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads. 28347787 1 1 from abundant 173:180 arg1 nature 185:190 nature 185:190 nature 185:190 Chitin, a polysaccharide, is abundant in nature and this substrate can be easily hydrolyzed by chitinase. 28347787 2 2 theme high 360:363 arg1 production 371:380 high scale production 360:380 high scale production of Chit36 enzyme 360:397 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 3 3 link linked 510:515 arg1 beads 559:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads 499:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process 499:663 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 8 4 from activity 1205:1212 arg1 beads 1248:1252 AlgSep nanocomposite beads 1227:1252 AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) 1227:1277 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 8 4 from activity 1205:1212 arg1 protein 1270:1276 22.9±1.521U/mg protein 1255:1276 22.9±1.521U/mg protein 1255:1276 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 3 5 theme linked 510:515 arg1 beads 559:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads 499:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process 499:663 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 0 6 from Expression 0:9 arg1 system 41:46 BL21 pET system 32:46 BL21 pET system 32:46 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system and investigating the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads. 28347787 7 7 theme immobilized 1022:1032 arg1 beads 1077:1081 immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads 1022:1081 immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) 1022:1100 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 7 7 theme immobilized 1022:1032 arg1 gel 1097:1099 3.10±0.63U/g gel 1084:1099 3.10±0.63U/g gel 1084:1099 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 2 8 theme chitinase 296:304 arg1 applications 280:291 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications 250:291 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase 250:304 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 8 9 theme specific 1196:1203 arg1 activity 1205:1212 the specific activity 1192:1212 the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) 1192:1277 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 8 9 theme specific 1196:1203 arg1 higher 1283:1288 higher 1283:1288 higher 1283:1288 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 6 10 theme alginate 941:948 arg1 beads 964:968 alginate nanocomposite beads 941:968 alginate nanocomposite beads 941:968 The catalytic activity and specific activity of the Chit36 entrapped in alginate nanocomposite beads were evaluated. 28347787 7 11 theme 3.95±0.40U/g 1167:1178 arg1 beads 1160:1164 Ca-alginate beads 1148:1164 Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel) 1148:1183 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 7 11 theme 3.95±0.40U/g 1167:1178 arg1 gel 1180:1182 3.95±0.40U/g gel 1167:1182 3.95±0.40U/g gel 1167:1182 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 3 12 theme Ca2+-cross 499:508 arg1 beads 559:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads 499:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process 499:663 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 0 13 theme AlgSep 116:121 arg1 beads 137:141 chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads 99:141 chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads 99:141 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system and investigating the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads. 28347787 7 14 theme Ca-alginate 1148:1158 arg1 beads 1160:1164 Ca-alginate beads 1148:1164 Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel) 1148:1183 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 7 14 theme Ca-alginate 1148:1158 arg1 gel 1180:1182 3.95±0.40U/g gel 1167:1182 3.95±0.40U/g gel 1167:1182 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 8 15 theme alginate 1336:1343 arg1 beads 1345:1349 sepiolite-free alginate beads 1321:1349 sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein) 1321:1374 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 8 15 theme alginate 1336:1343 arg1 protein 1367:1373 8.52±0.758U/mg protein 1352:1373 8.52±0.758U/mg protein 1352:1373 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 3 16 theme AlgSep 537:542 arg1 beads 559:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads 499:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process 499:663 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 8 17 theme nanocomposite 1234:1246 arg1 beads 1248:1252 AlgSep nanocomposite beads 1227:1252 AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) 1227:1277 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 8 17 theme nanocomposite 1234:1246 arg1 protein 1270:1276 22.9±1.521U/mg protein 1255:1276 22.9±1.521U/mg protein 1255:1276 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 7 18 from Chit36 1034:1039 arg1 composites 1066:1075 Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites 1044:1075 Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites 1044:1075 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 0 19 theme chitinase-loaded 99:114 arg1 beads 137:141 chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads 99:141 chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads 99:141 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system and investigating the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads. 28347787 6 20 theme entrapped 928:936 arg1 activity 883:890 catalytic activity 873:890 catalytic activity 873:890 The catalytic activity and specific activity of the Chit36 entrapped in alginate nanocomposite beads were evaluated. 28347787 6 20 theme entrapped 928:936 arg1 activity 905:912 specific activity 896:912 specific activity 896:912 The catalytic activity and specific activity of the Chit36 entrapped in alginate nanocomposite beads were evaluated. 28347787 5 21 theme enzyme 817:822 arg1 activity 801:808 activity 801:808 activity 801:808 The AlgSep nanocomposite can save spatial structure and activity of the enzyme which is critical for enzyme immobilization. 28347787 5 21 theme enzyme 817:822 arg1 structure 787:795 spatial structure 779:795 spatial structure 779:795 The AlgSep nanocomposite can save spatial structure and activity of the enzyme which is critical for enzyme immobilization. 28347787 7 22 theme immobilized 1126:1136 arg1 Chit36 1138:1143 immobilized Chit36 1126:1143 immobilized Chit36 1126:1143 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 2 23 theme industrial 269:278 arg1 applications 280:291 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications 250:291 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase 250:304 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 2 24 theme enzyme 392:397 arg1 production 371:380 high scale production 360:380 high scale production of Chit36 enzyme 360:397 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 6 25 from activity 905:912 arg1 beads 964:968 alginate nanocomposite beads 941:968 alginate nanocomposite beads 941:968 The catalytic activity and specific activity of the Chit36 entrapped in alginate nanocomposite beads were evaluated. 28347787 3 26 theme purified 457:464 arg1 enzyme 473:478 The purified Chit36 enzyme 453:478 The purified Chit36 enzyme 453:478 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 9 27 contain have 1430:1433 arg1 results 1391:1397 The promising results 1377:1397 The promising results obtained from this study 1377:1422 The promising results obtained from this study would have beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications. 28347787 9 27 contain have 1430:1433 arg2 applications 1476:1487 beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications 1435:1487 beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications 1435:1487 The promising results obtained from this study would have beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications. 28347787 2 28 theme Chit36 385:390 arg1 enzyme 392:397 Chit36 enzyme 385:397 Chit36 enzyme 385:397 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 2 29 theme expression 434:443 arg1 system 445:450 the E. coli pET expression system 418:450 the E. coli pET expression system 418:450 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 9 30 theme promising 1381:1389 arg1 results 1391:1397 The promising results 1377:1397 The promising results obtained from this study 1377:1422 The promising results obtained from this study would have beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications. 28347787 3 31 theme catalytic 583:591 arg1 activity 593:600 the catalytic activity 579:600 the catalytic activity 579:600 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 8 32 theme immobilized 1299:1309 arg1 Chit36 1311:1316 the immobilized Chit36 1295:1316 the immobilized Chit36 1295:1316 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 4 33 theme optimal 694:700 arg1 conditions 702:711 optimal conditions 694:711 optimal conditions different from soluble enzymes 694:742 Immobilized enzymes require optimal conditions different from soluble enzymes. 28347787 2 34 theme pET 430:432 arg1 system 445:450 the E. coli pET expression system 418:450 the E. coli pET expression system 418:450 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 5 35 theme enzyme 846:851 arg1 immobilization 853:866 enzyme immobilization 846:866 enzyme immobilization 846:866 The AlgSep nanocomposite can save spatial structure and activity of the enzyme which is critical for enzyme immobilization. 28347787 0 36 theme beads 137:141 arg1 performance 84:94 the biocatalystic performance 66:94 the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads 66:141 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system and investigating the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads. 28347787 8 37 theme 22.9±1.521U/mg 1255:1268 arg1 beads 1248:1252 AlgSep nanocomposite beads 1227:1252 AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) 1227:1277 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 8 37 theme 22.9±1.521U/mg 1255:1268 arg1 protein 1270:1276 22.9±1.521U/mg protein 1255:1276 22.9±1.521U/mg protein 1255:1276 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 2 38 theme E. 422:423 arg1 system 445:450 the E. coli pET expression system 418:450 the E. coli pET expression system 418:450 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 0 39 theme chitinase 14:22 arg1 gene 24:27 chitinase gene 14:27 chitinase gene 14:27 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system and investigating the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads. 28347787 0 40 theme nanocomposite 123:135 arg1 beads 137:141 chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads 99:141 chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads 99:141 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system and investigating the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads. 28347787 4 41 theme soluble 728:734 arg1 enzymes 736:742 soluble enzymes 728:742 soluble enzymes 728:742 Immobilized enzymes require optimal conditions different from soluble enzymes. 28347787 3 42 theme Chit36 466:471 arg1 enzyme 473:478 The purified Chit36 enzyme 453:478 The purified Chit36 enzyme 453:478 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 0 43 theme BL21 32:35 arg1 system 41:46 BL21 pET system 32:46 BL21 pET system 32:46 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system and investigating the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads. 28347787 6 44 dep activity 883:890 arg1 The 869:871 The 869:871 The 869:871 The catalytic activity and specific activity of the Chit36 entrapped in alginate nanocomposite beads were evaluated. 28347787 5 45 theme AlgSep 749:754 arg1 nanocomposite 756:768 The AlgSep nanocomposite 745:768 The AlgSep nanocomposite 745:768 The AlgSep nanocomposite can save spatial structure and activity of the enzyme which is critical for enzyme immobilization. 28347787 8 46 theme sepiolite-free 1321:1334 arg1 beads 1345:1349 sepiolite-free alginate beads 1321:1349 sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein) 1321:1374 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 8 46 theme sepiolite-free 1321:1334 arg1 protein 1367:1373 8.52±0.758U/mg protein 1352:1373 8.52±0.758U/mg protein 1352:1373 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 4 47 theme Immobilized 666:676 arg1 enzymes 678:684 Immobilized enzymes 666:684 Immobilized enzymes 666:684 Immobilized enzymes require optimal conditions different from soluble enzymes. 28347787 3 48 theme biocatalytic 644:655 arg1 process 657:663 the biocatalytic process 640:663 the biocatalytic process 640:663 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 0 49 theme gene 24:27 arg1 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system 0:46 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system and investigating the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads. 28347787 6 50 from activity 883:890 arg1 beads 964:968 alginate nanocomposite beads 941:968 alginate nanocomposite beads 941:968 The catalytic activity and specific activity of the Chit36 entrapped in alginate nanocomposite beads were evaluated. 28347787 8 51 theme AlgSep 1227:1232 arg1 beads 1248:1252 AlgSep nanocomposite beads 1227:1252 AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) 1227:1277 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 8 51 theme AlgSep 1227:1232 arg1 protein 1270:1276 22.9±1.521U/mg protein 1255:1276 22.9±1.521U/mg protein 1255:1276 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 6 52 theme specific 896:903 arg1 activity 905:912 specific activity 896:912 specific activity 896:912 The catalytic activity and specific activity of the Chit36 entrapped in alginate nanocomposite beads were evaluated. 28347787 2 53 dep E. 422:423 arg1 coli 425:428 coli 425:428 coli 425:428 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 7 54 theme 3.10±0.63U/g 1084:1095 arg1 beads 1077:1081 immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads 1022:1081 immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) 1022:1100 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 7 54 theme 3.10±0.63U/g 1084:1095 arg1 gel 1097:1099 3.10±0.63U/g gel 1084:1099 3.10±0.63U/g gel 1084:1099 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 0 55 theme pET 37:39 arg1 system 41:46 BL21 pET system 32:46 BL21 pET system 32:46 Expression of chitinase gene in BL21 pET system and investigating the biocatalystic performance of chitinase-loaded AlgSep nanocomposite beads. 28347787 9 56 theme pharmaceutical 1446:1459 arg1 applications 1476:1487 beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications 1435:1487 beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications 1435:1487 The promising results obtained from this study would have beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications. 28347787 6 57 theme Chit36 921:926 arg1 entrapped 928:936 the Chit36 entrapped 917:936 the Chit36 entrapped 917:936 The catalytic activity and specific activity of the Chit36 entrapped in alginate nanocomposite beads were evaluated. 28347787 7 58 theme sepiolite 1056:1064 arg1 composites 1066:1075 Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites 1044:1075 Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites 1044:1075 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 7 59 theme beads 1077:1081 arg1 activity 1010:1017 the activity 1006:1017 the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) 1006:1100 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 7 59 theme beads 1077:1081 arg1 higher 1106:1111 higher 1106:1111 higher 1106:1111 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 8 60 theme 8.52±0.758U/mg 1352:1365 arg1 beads 1345:1349 sepiolite-free alginate beads 1321:1349 sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein) 1321:1374 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 8 60 theme 8.52±0.758U/mg 1352:1365 arg1 protein 1367:1373 8.52±0.758U/mg protein 1352:1373 8.52±0.758U/mg protein 1352:1373 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 9 61 theme beneficial 1435:1444 arg1 applications 1476:1487 beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications 1435:1487 beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications 1435:1487 The promising results obtained from this study would have beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications. 28347787 5 62 theme spatial 779:785 arg1 structure 787:795 spatial structure 779:795 spatial structure 779:795 The AlgSep nanocomposite can save spatial structure and activity of the enzyme which is critical for enzyme immobilization. 28347787 6 63 theme catalytic 873:881 arg1 activity 883:890 catalytic activity 873:890 catalytic activity 873:890 The catalytic activity and specific activity of the Chit36 entrapped in alginate nanocomposite beads were evaluated. 28347787 2 64 theme Pharmaceutical 250:263 arg1 applications 280:291 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications 250:291 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase 250:304 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 7 65 theme Ca-Alginate 1044:1054 arg1 composites 1066:1075 Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites 1044:1075 Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites 1044:1075 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 4 66 theme different 713:721 arg1 conditions 702:711 optimal conditions 694:711 optimal conditions different from soluble enzymes 694:742 Immobilized enzymes require optimal conditions different from soluble enzymes. 28347787 8 67 theme Chit36 1217:1222 arg1 activity 1205:1212 the specific activity 1192:1212 the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) 1192:1277 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 8 67 theme Chit36 1217:1222 arg1 higher 1283:1288 higher 1283:1288 higher 1283:1288 Also, the specific activity of Chit36 in AlgSep nanocomposite beads (22.9±1.521U/mg protein) was higher than the immobilized Chit36 in sepiolite-free alginate beads (8.52±0.758U/mg protein). 28347787 3 68 theme Chit36 619:624 arg1 enzyme 626:631 Chit36 enzyme 619:631 Chit36 enzyme 619:631 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 1 69 from nature 185:190 arg1 abundant 173:180 abundant 173:180 abundant 173:180 Chitin, a polysaccharide, is abundant in nature and this substrate can be easily hydrolyzed by chitinase. 28347787 3 70 theme alginate/sepiolite 517:534 arg1 beads 559:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads 499:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process 499:663 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 6 71 theme nanocomposite 950:962 arg1 beads 964:968 alginate nanocomposite beads 941:968 alginate nanocomposite beads 941:968 The catalytic activity and specific activity of the Chit36 entrapped in alginate nanocomposite beads were evaluated. 28347787 3 72 theme nanocomposite 545:557 arg1 beads 559:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads 499:563 Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process 499:663 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 3 73 theme enzyme 626:631 arg1 stability 606:614 stability 606:614 stability 606:614 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 3 73 theme enzyme 626:631 arg1 activity 593:600 the catalytic activity 579:600 the catalytic activity 579:600 The purified Chit36 enzyme was immobilized in Ca2+-cross linked alginate/sepiolite (AlgSep) nanocomposite beads for improving the catalytic activity and stability of Chit36 enzyme during the biocatalytic process. 28347787 7 74 theme Chit36 1034:1039 arg1 beads 1077:1081 immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads 1022:1081 immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) 1022:1100 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 7 74 theme Chit36 1034:1039 arg1 gel 1097:1099 3.10±0.63U/g gel 1084:1099 3.10±0.63U/g gel 1084:1099 Results showed that the activity of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-Alginate sepiolite composites beads (3.10±0.63U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized Chit36 in Ca-alginate beads (3.95±0.40U/g gel). 28347787 2 75 theme scale 365:369 arg1 production 371:380 high scale production 360:380 high scale production of Chit36 enzyme 360:397 Pharmaceutical and industrial applications of chitinase are considerably noteworthy, therefore in this study, high scale production of Chit36 enzyme was targeted using the E. coli pET expression system. 28347787 4 76 from enzymes 736:742 arg1 different 713:721 different 713:721 different 713:721 Immobilized enzymes require optimal conditions different from soluble enzymes. 28347787 9 77 theme industrial 1465:1474 arg1 applications 1476:1487 beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications 1435:1487 beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications 1435:1487 The promising results obtained from this study would have beneficial pharmaceutical and industrial applications. 25968357 6 0 theme physiochemical 1024:1037 arg1 properties 1039:1048 physiochemical properties 1024:1048 physiochemical properties 1024:1048 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 1 1 theme tissues 243:249 arg1 regeneration 211:222 regeneration 211:222 regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL) 211:329 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 6 2 theme mature 1127:1132 arg1 cells 1160:1164 mature and progenitor osteogenic cells 1127:1164 cells 1160:1164 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 10 3 theme progenitors 1543:1553 arg1 Culture 1450:1456 Culture 1450:1456 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) 1450:1563 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 4 4 theme solvents 803:810 arg1 systems 812:818 two different solvents systems 789:818 two different solvents systems 789:818 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 4 4 theme solvents 803:810 arg1 acid 828:831 acetic acid 821:831 acetic acid (ACa) 821:837 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 4 4 theme solvents 803:810 arg1 acid 851:854 ascorbic acid 842:854 ascorbic acid (ASa) 842:860 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 10 5 theme cell-derived 1518:1529 arg1 progenitors 1543:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 6 6 with properties 1039:1048 arg1 cells 1160:1164 mature and progenitor osteogenic cells 1127:1164 cells 1160:1164 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 4 7 theme chitosan 668:675 arg1 membranes 655:663 porous membranes 648:663 porous membranes of chitosan (CH) 648:680 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 3 8 theme treatment 570:578 arg1 outcome 580:586 a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome 542:586 a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration 542:630 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 1 9 theme disease 182:188 arg1 forms 161:165 destructive forms 149:165 destructive forms of periodontal disease 149:188 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 6 10 theme mechanical 1078:1087 arg1 properties 1089:1098 mechanical properties 1078:1098 mechanical properties 1078:1098 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 11 11 theme GTR 1761:1763 arg1 applications 1765:1776 GTR applications 1761:1776 GTR applications 1761:1776 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 11 12 from use 1753:1755 arg1 lesions 1793:1799 periodontal lesions 1781:1799 periodontal lesions 1781:1799 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 11 13 theme desirable 1880:1888 arg1 characteristics 1864:1878 characteristics 1864:1878 characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration 1864:1935 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 7 14 with interaction 1263:1273 arg1 chitosan 1280:1287 chitosan 1280:1287 chitosan 1280:1287 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite and its interaction with chitosan. 25968357 6 15 with properties 1089:1098 arg1 cells 1160:1164 mature and progenitor osteogenic cells 1127:1164 cells 1160:1164 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 6 16 theme progenitor 1138:1147 arg1 cells 1160:1164 mature and progenitor osteogenic cells 1127:1164 cells 1160:1164 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 11 17 theme HA 1709:1710 arg1 membranes 1722:1730 These CH and HA composite membranes 1696:1730 membranes 1722:1730 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 7 18 theme infrared 1185:1192 arg1 spectroscopy 1201:1212 infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 1185:1212 infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 1185:1212 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite and its interaction with chitosan. 25968357 1 19 theme periodontal 303:313 arg1 PDL 326:328 PDL 326:328 PDL 326:328 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 19 theme periodontal 303:313 arg1 ligaments 315:323 periodontal ligaments 303:323 periodontal ligaments (PDL) 303:329 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 3 20 theme tissue 612:617 arg1 regeneration 619:630 periodontal tissue regeneration 600:630 periodontal tissue regeneration 600:630 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 11 21 theme FG 1817:1818 arg1 membranes 1820:1828 FG membranes 1817:1828 FG membranes 1817:1828 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 8 22 theme μCT 1290:1292 arg1 analysis 1294:1301 μCT analysis 1290:1301 μCT analysis 1290:1301 μCT analysis showed membranes had 85-77% porosity. 25968357 10 23 theme human 1461:1465 arg1 hES-MPs 1556:1562 hES-MPs 1556:1562 hES-MPs 1556:1562 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 10 23 theme human 1461:1465 arg1 MG63 1487:1490 MG63 1487:1490 MG63 1487:1490 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 10 23 theme human 1461:1465 arg1 cells 1480:1484 human osteosarcoma cells 1461:1484 human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) 1461:1491 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 1 24 theme destructive 149:159 arg1 forms 161:165 destructive forms 149:165 destructive forms of periodontal disease 149:188 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 5 25 theme porous 886:891 arg1 membranes 893:901 porous membranes 886:901 porous membranes 886:901 The aim was to prepare porous membranes to be used for GTR to improve periodontal regeneration. 25968357 10 26 theme term 1629:1632 arg1 deposition 1641:1650 long term matrix deposition 1624:1650 long term matrix deposition 1624:1650 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 1 27 theme regeneration 83:94 arg1 means 195:199 a means 193:199 a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL) 193:329 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 27 theme regeneration 83:94 arg1 membranes 102:110 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes 69:110 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes 69:110 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 6 28 theme ultra-structural 995:1010 arg1 morphology 1012:1021 ultra-structural morphology 995:1021 ultra-structural morphology 995:1021 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 8 29 theme % 1329:1329 arg1 porosity 1331:1338 85-77% porosity 1324:1338 85-77% porosity 1324:1338 μCT analysis showed membranes had 85-77% porosity. 25968357 10 30 theme osteosarcoma 1467:1478 arg1 hES-MPs 1556:1562 hES-MPs 1556:1562 hES-MPs 1556:1562 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 10 30 theme osteosarcoma 1467:1478 arg1 MG63 1487:1490 MG63 1487:1490 MG63 1487:1490 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 10 30 theme osteosarcoma 1467:1478 arg1 cells 1480:1484 human osteosarcoma cells 1461:1484 human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) 1461:1491 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 0 31 theme porous 15:20 arg1 membranes 22:30 porous membranes 15:30 porous membranes 15:30 Freeze gelated porous membranes for periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 6 32 theme FG 959:960 arg1 membranes 962:970 FG membranes 959:970 FG membranes 959:970 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 11 33 theme GTR 1895:1897 arg1 membrane 1899:1906 a GTR membrane 1893:1906 a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration 1893:1935 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 9 34 theme solvent 1401:1407 arg1 type 1409:1412 solvent type 1401:1412 solvent type 1401:1412 Mechanical properties and degradation rate were affected by solvent type and the presence of hydroxyapatite. 25968357 6 35 with morphology 1012:1021 arg1 cells 1160:1164 mature and progenitor osteogenic cells 1127:1164 cells 1160:1164 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 0 36 theme tissue 48:53 arg1 regeneration 55:66 periodontal tissue regeneration 36:66 periodontal tissue regeneration 36:66 Freeze gelated porous membranes for periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 4 37 theme freeze 764:769 arg1 gelation 771:778 freeze gelation 764:778 freeze gelation (FG) 764:783 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 4 37 theme freeze 764:769 arg1 FG 781:782 FG 781:782 FG 781:782 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 5 38 used used 909:912 arg2 aim 867:869 The aim 863:869 The aim 863:869 The aim was to prepare porous membranes to be used for GTR to improve periodontal regeneration. 25968357 9 39 theme Mechanical 1341:1350 arg1 properties 1352:1361 Mechanical properties 1341:1361 Mechanical properties 1341:1361 Mechanical properties and degradation rate were affected by solvent type and the presence of hydroxyapatite. 25968357 6 40 theme water 1051:1055 arg1 uptake 1057:1062 water uptake 1051:1062 water uptake 1051:1062 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 10 41 theme stem 1513:1516 arg1 progenitors 1543:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 11 42 theme membrane 1899:1906 arg1 desirable 1880:1888 desirable 1880:1888 desirable 1880:1888 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 10 43 link cell-derived 1518:1529 arg1 progenitors 1543:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 2 44 theme available 342:350 arg1 membranes 356:364 Currently available GTR membranes 332:364 Currently available GTR membranes 332:364 Currently available GTR membranes are either non-biodegradable, requiring a second surgery for removal, or biodegradable. 25968357 6 45 with uptake 1057:1062 arg1 cells 1160:1164 mature and progenitor osteogenic cells 1127:1164 cells 1160:1164 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 10 46 theme human 1497:1501 arg1 progenitors 1543:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 1 47 theme supporting 232:241 arg1 bone 275:278 the alveolar bone 262:278 the alveolar bone 262:278 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 47 theme supporting 232:241 arg1 tissues 243:249 lost supporting tissues 227:249 lost supporting tissues 227:249 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 47 theme supporting 232:241 arg1 gingiva 291:297 gingiva 291:297 gingiva 291:297 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 47 theme supporting 232:241 arg1 ligaments 315:323 periodontal ligaments 303:323 periodontal ligaments (PDL) 303:329 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 47 theme supporting 232:241 arg1 cementum 281:288 cementum 281:288 cementum 281:288 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 48 theme lost 227:230 arg1 bone 275:278 the alveolar bone 262:278 the alveolar bone 262:278 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 48 theme lost 227:230 arg1 tissues 243:249 lost supporting tissues 227:249 lost supporting tissues 227:249 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 48 theme lost 227:230 arg1 gingiva 291:297 gingiva 291:297 gingiva 291:297 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 48 theme lost 227:230 arg1 ligaments 315:323 periodontal ligaments 303:323 periodontal ligaments (PDL) 303:329 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 48 theme lost 227:230 arg1 cementum 281:288 cementum 281:288 cementum 281:288 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 6 49 with degradation 1065:1075 arg1 cells 1160:1164 mature and progenitor osteogenic cells 1127:1164 cells 1160:1164 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 4 50 theme acetic 821:826 arg1 systems 812:818 two different solvents systems 789:818 two different solvents systems 789:818 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 4 50 theme acetic 821:826 arg1 acid 828:831 acetic acid 821:831 acetic acid (ACa) 821:837 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 4 50 theme acetic 821:826 arg1 ACa 834:836 ACa 834:836 ACa 834:836 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 10 51 theme mesenchymal 1531:1541 arg1 progenitors 1543:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 3 52 theme membranes 522:530 arg1 limitations 487:497 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations 454:497 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes 454:530 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 1 53 theme forms 161:165 arg1 management 135:144 the management 131:144 the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease 131:188 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 4 54 theme different 793:801 arg1 systems 812:818 two different solvents systems 789:818 two different solvents systems 789:818 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 4 54 theme different 793:801 arg1 acid 828:831 acetic acid 821:831 acetic acid (ACa) 821:837 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 4 54 theme different 793:801 arg1 acid 851:854 ascorbic acid 842:854 ascorbic acid (ASa) 842:860 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 4 55 theme porous 648:653 arg1 membranes 655:663 porous membranes 648:663 porous membranes of chitosan (CH) 648:680 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 7 56 with presence 1228:1235 arg1 chitosan 1280:1287 chitosan 1280:1287 chitosan 1280:1287 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite and its interaction with chitosan. 25968357 3 57 theme unpredictable 556:568 arg1 outcome 580:586 a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome 542:586 a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration 542:630 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 1 58 theme periodontal 170:180 arg1 disease 182:188 periodontal disease 170:188 periodontal disease 170:188 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 6 59 with biocompatibility 1105:1120 arg1 cells 1160:1164 mature and progenitor osteogenic cells 1127:1164 cells 1160:1164 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 1 60 used used 122:125 arg2 membranes 102:110 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes 69:110 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes 69:110 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 60 used used 122:125 arg2 means 195:199 a means 193:199 a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL) 193:329 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 11 61 theme periodontal 1781:1791 arg1 lesions 1793:1799 periodontal lesions 1781:1799 periodontal lesions 1781:1799 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 3 62 theme limited 544:550 arg1 outcome 580:586 a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome 542:586 a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration 542:630 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 10 63 theme cell 1601:1604 arg1 proliferation 1606:1618 cell proliferation 1601:1618 cell proliferation 1601:1618 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 3 64 theme biofunctional 473:485 arg1 limitations 487:497 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations 454:497 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes 454:530 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 9 65 theme hydroxyapatite 1434:1447 arg1 type 1409:1412 solvent type 1401:1412 solvent type 1401:1412 Mechanical properties and degradation rate were affected by solvent type and the presence of hydroxyapatite. 25968357 9 65 theme hydroxyapatite 1434:1447 arg1 presence 1422:1429 the presence 1418:1429 the presence of hydroxyapatite 1418:1447 Mechanical properties and degradation rate were affected by solvent type and the presence of hydroxyapatite. 25968357 3 66 theme regeneration 619:630 arg1 terms 591:595 terms 591:595 terms of periodontal tissue regeneration 591:630 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 4 67 theme ascorbic 842:849 arg1 systems 812:818 two different solvents systems 789:818 two different solvents systems 789:818 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 4 67 theme ascorbic 842:849 arg1 ASa 857:859 ASa 857:859 ASa 857:859 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 4 67 theme ascorbic 842:849 arg1 acid 851:854 ascorbic acid 842:854 ascorbic acid (ASa) 842:860 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 6 68 theme osteogenic 1149:1158 arg1 cells 1160:1164 mature and progenitor osteogenic cells 1127:1164 cells 1160:1164 FG membranes were characterized for ultra-structural morphology, physiochemical properties, water uptake, degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility with mature and progenitor osteogenic cells. 25968357 10 69 theme HA 1669:1670 arg1 membranes 1685:1693 HA incorporated membranes 1669:1693 HA incorporated membranes 1669:1693 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 3 70 theme periodontal 600:610 arg1 regeneration 619:630 periodontal tissue regeneration 600:630 periodontal tissue regeneration 600:630 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 11 71 theme composite 1712:1720 arg1 membranes 1722:1730 These CH and HA composite membranes 1696:1730 membranes 1722:1730 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 1 72 theme Guided 69:74 arg1 GTR 97:99 GTR 97:99 GTR 97:99 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 72 theme Guided 69:74 arg1 regeneration 83:94 Guided tissue regeneration 69:94 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes 69:110 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 11 73 theme potential 1743:1751 arg1 use 1753:1755 their potential use 1737:1755 their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions 1737:1799 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 1 74 theme tissue 76:81 arg1 GTR 97:99 GTR 97:99 GTR 97:99 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 1 74 theme tissue 76:81 arg1 regeneration 83:94 Guided tissue regeneration 69:94 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes 69:110 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 4 75 theme simple 744:749 arg1 technique 751:759 the simple technique 740:759 the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) 740:783 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 10 76 theme long 1624:1627 arg1 term 1629:1632 long term 1624:1632 long term matrix deposition 1624:1650 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 8 77 theme 85-77 1324:1328 arg1 % 1329:1329 % 1329:1329 % 1329:1329 μCT analysis showed membranes had 85-77% porosity. 25968357 3 78 from outcome 580:586 arg1 terms 591:595 terms 591:595 terms of periodontal tissue regeneration 591:630 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 2 79 theme GTR 352:354 arg1 membranes 356:364 Currently available GTR membranes 332:364 Currently available GTR membranes 332:364 Currently available GTR membranes are either non-biodegradable, requiring a second surgery for removal, or biodegradable. 25968357 1 80 theme alveolar 266:273 arg1 bone 275:278 the alveolar bone 262:278 the alveolar bone 262:278 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used for the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligaments (PDL). 25968357 2 81 theme second 408:413 arg1 surgery 415:421 a second surgery 406:421 a second surgery for removal, or biodegradable 406:451 Currently available GTR membranes are either non-biodegradable, requiring a second surgery for removal, or biodegradable. 25968357 7 82 dep Fourier 1167:1173 arg1 transform 1175:1183 transform 1175:1183 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 1175:1212 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite and its interaction with chitosan. 25968357 11 83 theme periodontal 1912:1922 arg1 regeneration 1924:1935 periodontal regeneration 1912:1935 periodontal regeneration 1912:1935 These CH and HA composite membranes show their potential use for GTR applications in periodontal lesions and in addition FG membranes could be further tuned to achieve characteristics desirable of a GTR membrane for periodontal regeneration. 25968357 0 84 theme periodontal 36:46 arg1 regeneration 55:66 periodontal tissue regeneration 36:66 periodontal tissue regeneration 36:66 Freeze gelated porous membranes for periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 8 85 dep showed 1303:1308 arg1 had 1320:1322 had 1320:1322 showed membranes had 85-77% porosity 1303:1338 μCT analysis showed membranes had 85-77% porosity. 25968357 7 86 theme hydroxyapatite 1240:1253 arg1 interaction 1263:1273 its interaction 1259:1273 its interaction with chitosan 1259:1287 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite and its interaction with chitosan. 25968357 7 86 theme hydroxyapatite 1240:1253 arg1 presence 1228:1235 the presence 1224:1235 the presence of hydroxyapatite 1224:1253 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite and its interaction with chitosan. 25968357 7 87 dep infrared 1185:1192 arg1 FTIR 1195:1198 FTIR 1195:1198 FTIR 1195:1198 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite and its interaction with chitosan. 25968357 2 88 dep non-biodegradable 377:393 arg1 either 370:375 either 370:375 either 370:375 Currently available GTR membranes are either non-biodegradable, requiring a second surgery for removal, or biodegradable. 25968357 10 89 theme matrix 1634:1639 arg1 deposition 1641:1650 long term matrix deposition 1624:1650 long term matrix deposition 1624:1650 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 5 90 theme periodontal 933:943 arg1 regeneration 945:956 periodontal regeneration 933:956 periodontal regeneration 933:956 The aim was to prepare porous membranes to be used for GTR to improve periodontal regeneration. 25968357 10 91 theme incorporated 1672:1683 arg1 membranes 1685:1693 HA incorporated membranes 1669:1693 HA incorporated membranes 1669:1693 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 10 92 theme cells 1480:1484 arg1 Culture 1450:1456 Culture 1450:1456 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) 1450:1563 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 3 93 theme mechanical 458:467 arg1 limitations 487:497 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations 454:497 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes 454:530 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 10 94 theme embryonic 1503:1511 arg1 progenitors 1543:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors 1497:1553 Culture of human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) showed that all membranes supported cell proliferation and long term matrix deposition was supported by HA incorporated membranes. 25968357 4 95 theme gelation 771:778 arg1 technique 751:759 the simple technique 740:759 the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) 740:783 In this study, porous membranes of chitosan (CH) were fabricated with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) using the simple technique of freeze gelation (FG) via two different solvents systems, acetic acid (ACa) or ascorbic acid (ASa). 25968357 3 96 theme available 512:520 arg1 membranes 522:530 currently available membranes 502:530 currently available membranes 502:530 The mechanical and biofunctional limitations of currently available membranes result in a limited and unpredictable treatment outcome in terms of periodontal tissue regeneration. 25968357 9 97 theme degradation 1367:1377 arg1 rate 1379:1382 degradation rate 1367:1382 degradation rate 1367:1382 Mechanical properties and degradation rate were affected by solvent type and the presence of hydroxyapatite. 27631122 2 0 theme different 484:492 arg1 methods 507:513 different pretreatment methods 484:513 different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings 484:598 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 6 1 theme solid 1337:1341 arg1 loadings 1355:1362 solid and protein loadings 1337:1362 loadings 1355:1362 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 0 2 theme Enzymatic 75:83 arg1 Hydrolysis 85:94 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 75:94 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse 75:126 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 3 3 theme delignified 669:679 arg1 cellulignin 681:691 partially delignified cellulignin 659:691 partially delignified cellulignin 659:691 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 2 4 theme supplements 321:331 arg1 Effects 304:310 Effects 304:310 Effects of these supplements 304:331 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 4 5 theme enzymatic 1011:1019 arg1 loadings 1038:1045 higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings 1004:1045 higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings 1004:1045 Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. 27631122 6 6 from effects 1397:1403 arg1 hydrolysis 1412:1421 the hydrolysis 1408:1421 the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material 1408:1449 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 0 7 theme Pretreated 99:108 arg1 Bagasse 120:126 Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse 99:126 Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse 99:126 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 0 8 from Addition 0:7 arg1 Hydrolysis 85:94 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 75:94 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse 75:126 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 3 9 theme 100 g/L 819:825 arg1 loadings 833:840 100 g/L solid loadings 819:840 100 g/L solid loadings 819:840 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 3 10 theme solid 781:785 arg1 loadings 787:794 25 g/L solid loadings 774:794 25 g/L solid loadings 774:794 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 6 11 theme composition 1320:1330 arg1 method 1271:1276 pretreatment method 1258:1276 pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings 1258:1362 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 2 12 with methods 507:513 arg1 cellulose 580:588 7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose 564:588 7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose 564:588 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 12 with methods 507:513 arg1 solid 528:532 solid 528:532 solid 528:532 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 12 with methods 507:513 arg1 loadings 591:598 varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings 520:598 loadings 591:598 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 4 13 theme hydrolysis 947:956 arg1 yield 958:962 hydrolysis yield 947:962 hydrolysis yield 947:962 Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. 27631122 0 14 theme Bagasse 120:126 arg1 Hydrolysis 85:94 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 75:94 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse 75:126 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 0 15 theme Sugarcane 110:118 arg1 Bagasse 120:126 Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse 99:126 Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse 99:126 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 6 16 theme supplements 1208:1218 arg1 use 1195:1197 The use 1191:1197 The use of these supplements 1191:1218 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 6 17 theme cocktails 1310:1318 arg1 composition 1320:1330 enzymatic cocktails composition 1300:1330 enzymatic cocktails composition 1300:1330 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 4 18 theme solid 980:984 arg1 loadings 986:993 higher solid loadings 973:993 higher solid loadings 973:993 Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. 27631122 3 19 theme harzianum 725:733 arg1 cocktail 735:742 the T. harzianum cocktail 718:742 the T. harzianum cocktail 718:742 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 4 20 theme supplements 920:930 arg1 Addition 902:909 Addition 902:909 Addition of these supplements 902:930 Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. 27631122 6 21 theme statistical 1480:1490 arg1 studies 1492:1498 further statistical studies 1472:1498 further statistical studies 1472:1498 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 2 22 theme enzymatic 360:368 arg1 cocktails 370:378 different enzymatic cocktails 350:378 different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings 350:598 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 22 theme enzymatic 360:368 arg1 harzianum 393:401 Trichoderma harzianum 381:401 Trichoderma harzianum 381:401 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 22 theme enzymatic 360:368 arg1 funiculosum 419:429 Penicillium funiculosum 407:429 Penicillium funiculosum 407:429 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 4 23 theme higher 973:978 arg1 loadings 986:993 higher solid loadings 973:993 higher solid loadings 973:993 Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. 27631122 1 24 from influence 248:256 arg1 hydrolysis 271:280 enzymatic hydrolysis 261:280 enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse 261:301 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. 27631122 6 25 theme further 1472:1478 arg1 studies 1492:1498 further statistical studies 1472:1498 further statistical studies 1472:1498 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 2 26 theme different 350:358 arg1 cocktails 370:378 different enzymatic cocktails 350:378 different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings 350:598 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 26 theme different 350:358 arg1 harzianum 393:401 Trichoderma harzianum 381:401 Trichoderma harzianum 381:401 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 26 theme different 350:358 arg1 funiculosum 419:429 Penicillium funiculosum 407:429 Penicillium funiculosum 407:429 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 6 27 theme enzymatic 1300:1308 arg1 composition 1320:1330 enzymatic cocktails composition 1300:1330 enzymatic cocktails composition 1300:1330 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 2 28 theme Penicillium 407:417 arg1 cocktails 370:378 different enzymatic cocktails 350:378 different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings 350:598 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 28 theme Penicillium 407:417 arg1 funiculosum 419:429 Penicillium funiculosum 407:429 Penicillium funiculosum 407:429 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 0 29 theme Surfactants 12:22 arg1 Addition 0:7 Addition 0:7 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins 0:50 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 0 29 theme Surfactants 12:22 arg1 Influence 62:70 Their Influence 56:70 Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse 56:126 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 3 30 theme T. 722:723 arg1 cocktail 735:742 the T. harzianum cocktail 718:742 the T. harzianum cocktail 718:742 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 6 31 theme bagasse 1291:1297 arg1 method 1271:1276 pretreatment method 1258:1276 pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings 1258:1362 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 3 32 theme glucose 623:629 arg1 release 631:637 glucose release 623:637 glucose release 623:637 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 3 33 theme PEG 867:869 arg1 supplementation 871:885 PEG supplementation 867:885 PEG supplementation 867:885 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 0 34 theme Proteins 43:50 arg1 Addition 0:7 Addition 0:7 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins 0:50 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 0 34 theme Proteins 43:50 arg1 Influence 62:70 Their Influence 56:70 Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse 56:126 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 1 35 theme enzymatic 261:269 arg1 hydrolysis 271:280 enzymatic hydrolysis 261:280 enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse 261:301 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. 27631122 6 36 theme sugarcane 1281:1289 arg1 bagasse 1291:1297 sugarcane bagasse 1281:1297 sugarcane bagasse 1281:1297 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 3 37 theme release 631:637 arg1 levels 613:618 The highest levels 601:618 The highest levels of glucose release 601:637 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 1 38 theme bovine 166:171 arg1 albumin 179:185 bovine serum albumin 166:185 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 166:191 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. 27631122 1 38 theme bovine 166:171 arg1 BSA 188:190 BSA 188:190 BSA 188:190 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. 27631122 6 39 theme protein 1347:1353 arg1 loadings 1355:1362 solid and protein loadings 1337:1362 loadings 1355:1362 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 0 40 theme Non-Hydrolytic 28:41 arg1 Proteins 43:50 Non-Hydrolytic Proteins 28:50 Non-Hydrolytic Proteins 28:50 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 2 41 dep solid 528:532 arg1 100 g/L 542:548 100 g/L 542:548 100 g/L 542:548 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 41 dep solid 528:532 arg1 25 535:536 25 535:536 25 535:536 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 4 42 from increases 1048:1056 arg1 release 1069:1075 glucose release 1061:1075 glucose release 1061:1075 Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. 27631122 2 43 theme Trichoderma 381:391 arg1 cocktails 370:378 different enzymatic cocktails 350:378 different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings 350:598 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 43 theme Trichoderma 381:391 arg1 harzianum 393:401 Trichoderma harzianum 381:401 Trichoderma harzianum 381:401 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 6 44 dep besides 1221:1227 arg1 depending 1229:1237 depending 1229:1237 depending 1229:1237 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 6 44 dep besides 1221:1227 arg1 method 1271:1276 pretreatment method 1258:1276 pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings 1258:1362 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 6 44 dep besides 1221:1227 arg1 factors 1242:1248 factors 1242:1248 factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings 1242:1362 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 0 45 from Influence 62:70 arg1 Hydrolysis 85:94 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 75:94 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse 75:126 Addition of Surfactants and Non-Hydrolytic Proteins and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse. 27631122 6 46 theme loadings 1355:1362 arg1 method 1271:1276 pretreatment method 1258:1276 pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings 1258:1362 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 1 47 theme sugarcane 285:293 arg1 bagasse 295:301 sugarcane bagasse 285:301 sugarcane bagasse 285:301 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. 27631122 6 48 theme pretreatment 1258:1269 arg1 method 1271:1276 pretreatment method 1258:1276 pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings 1258:1362 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 4 49 theme protein 1030:1036 arg1 loadings 1038:1045 higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings 1004:1045 higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings 1004:1045 Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. 27631122 1 50 theme bagasse 295:301 arg1 hydrolysis 271:280 enzymatic hydrolysis 261:280 enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse 261:301 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. 27631122 2 51 theme protein 555:561 arg1 cellulose 580:588 7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose 564:588 7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose 564:588 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 51 theme protein 555:561 arg1 loadings 591:598 varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings 520:598 loadings 591:598 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 6 52 theme material 1442:1449 arg1 hydrolysis 1412:1421 the hydrolysis 1408:1421 the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material 1408:1449 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 3 53 theme % 813:813 arg1 increases 745:753 increases 745:753 increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings 745:840 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 3 54 theme highest 605:611 arg1 levels 613:618 The highest levels 601:618 The highest levels of glucose release 601:637 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 1 55 theme ethylene 134:141 arg1 Poly 129:132 Poly 129:132 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) 129:160 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. 27631122 1 55 theme ethylene 134:141 arg1 glycol 143:148 ethylene glycol 134:148 ethylene glycol 134:148 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. 27631122 6 56 theme lignocellulosic 1426:1440 arg1 material 1442:1449 lignocellulosic material 1426:1449 lignocellulosic material 1426:1449 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 3 57 theme 25 g/L 774:779 arg1 loadings 787:794 25 g/L solid loadings 774:794 25 g/L solid loadings 774:794 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 4 58 theme glucose 1061:1067 arg1 release 1069:1075 glucose release 1061:1075 glucose release 1061:1075 Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. 27631122 4 59 theme higher 1004:1009 arg1 loadings 1038:1045 higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings 1004:1045 higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings 1004:1045 Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. 27631122 1 60 theme serum 173:177 arg1 albumin 179:185 bovine serum albumin 166:185 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 166:191 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. 27631122 1 60 theme serum 173:177 arg1 BSA 188:190 BSA 188:190 BSA 188:190 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. 27631122 4 61 theme cocktail 1021:1028 arg1 loadings 1038:1045 higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings 1004:1045 higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings 1004:1045 Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. 27631122 2 62 theme pretreatment 494:505 arg1 methods 507:513 different pretreatment methods 484:513 different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings 484:598 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 63 dep cocktails 370:378 arg1 cocktails 370:378 different enzymatic cocktails 350:378 different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings 350:598 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 63 dep cocktails 370:378 arg1 harzianum 393:401 Trichoderma harzianum 381:401 Trichoderma harzianum 381:401 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 2 63 dep cocktails 370:378 arg1 funiculosum 419:429 Penicillium funiculosum 407:429 Penicillium funiculosum 407:429 Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. 27631122 6 64 theme process 1514:1520 arg1 conditions 1522:1531 process conditions 1514:1531 process conditions 1514:1531 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 6 65 theme positive 1388:1395 arg1 effects 1397:1403 positive effects 1388:1403 positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material 1388:1449 The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 27631122 3 66 theme solid 827:831 arg1 loadings 833:840 100 g/L solid loadings 819:840 100 g/L solid loadings 819:840 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27631122 3 67 theme % 768:768 arg1 increases 745:753 increases 745:753 increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings 745:840 The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. 27425428 4 0 from area 782:785 arg1 2 820:820 2 820:820 2 820:820 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 4 0 from area 782:785 arg1 1.44µm 813:818 1.44µm 813:818 1.44µm 813:818 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 4 0 from area 782:785 arg1 mouse 803:807 mouse 803:807 mouse 803:807 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 1 1 theme cell 147:150 arg1 surface 152:158 neuronal cell surface 138:158 neuronal cell surface 138:158 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 0 2 from patterns 8:15 arg1 nets 59:62 perineuronal nets 46:62 perineuronal nets 46:62 Spatial patterns and cell surface clusters in perineuronal nets. 27425428 4 3 theme Vast 700:703 arg1 majority 705:712 Vast majority 700:712 Vast majority of meshes 700:722 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 1 4 theme animal 228:233 arg1 models 235:240 animal models 228:240 animal models of Alzheimer disease 228:261 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 3 5 theme PNN 604:606 arg1 structure 608:616 the PNN structure 600:616 the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex 600:697 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 3 6 theme quantitative 563:574 arg1 analysis 582:589 quantitative image analysis 563:589 quantitative image analysis 563:589 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 3 7 from layers 654:659 arg1 structure 608:616 the PNN structure 600:616 the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex 600:697 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 3 7 from layers 654:659 arg1 neurons 641:647 adult mouse and rat neurons 621:647 adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex 621:697 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 4 8 contain have 724:727 arg2 quadrangle 729:738 quadrangle 729:738 quadrangle 729:738 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 4 8 contain have 724:727 arg1 majority 705:712 Vast majority 700:712 Vast majority of meshes 700:722 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 4 8 contain have 724:727 arg2 shape 761:765 hexagon shape 753:765 hexagon shape 753:765 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 4 8 contain have 724:727 arg2 pentagon 741:748 pentagon 741:748 pentagon 741:748 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 4 9 theme rat 826:828 arg1 neurons 830:836 rat neurons 826:836 rat neurons 826:836 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 3 10 theme image 576:580 arg1 analysis 582:589 quantitative image analysis 563:589 quantitative image analysis 563:589 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 5 11 theme chondroitin 879:889 arg1 distribution 899:910 chondroitin sulfate distribution 879:910 chondroitin sulfate distribution 879:910 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 2 12 theme Crucial 333:339 arg1 insights 341:348 Crucial insights 333:348 Crucial insights 333:348 Crucial insights were obtained recently concerning molecular composition and physiological importance of PNN but the microstructure of the network remains largely unstudied. 27425428 7 13 with meshes 1223:1228 arg1 morphologies 1244:1255 distinct morphologies 1235:1255 distinct morphologies on the neuronal cell surface 1235:1284 PNN is organized into clusters of meshes with distinct morphologies on the neuronal cell surface. 27425428 1 14 theme Perineuronal 65:76 arg1 PNN 84:86 PNN 84:86 PNN 84:86 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 1 14 theme Perineuronal 65:76 arg1 nets 78:81 Perineuronal nets 65:81 Perineuronal nets (PNN) 65:87 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 2 15 theme molecular 384:392 arg1 composition 394:404 molecular composition 384:404 molecular composition 384:404 Crucial insights were obtained recently concerning molecular composition and physiological importance of PNN but the microstructure of the network remains largely unstudied. 27425428 0 16 from clusters 34:41 arg1 nets 59:62 perineuronal nets 46:62 perineuronal nets 46:62 Spatial patterns and cell surface clusters in perineuronal nets. 27425428 6 17 theme pattern 1083:1089 arg1 Vertices 1053:1060 Vertices 1053:1060 Vertices of the node-enriched pattern 1053:1089 Vertices of the node-enriched pattern match better with local maxima of chondroitin sulfate density as compared to the uniform pattern. 27425428 4 18 theme mean 772:775 arg1 area 782:785 mean mesh area 772:785 mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons 772:836 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 6 19 theme uniform 1172:1178 arg1 pattern 1180:1186 the uniform pattern 1168:1186 the uniform pattern 1168:1186 Vertices of the node-enriched pattern match better with local maxima of chondroitin sulfate density as compared to the uniform pattern. 27425428 3 20 theme fluorescent 536:546 arg1 microscopy 548:557 fluorescent microscopy 536:557 fluorescent microscopy 536:557 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 1 21 from synapses 126:133 arg1 CNS 191:193 CNS 191:193 CNS 191:193 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 1 21 from synapses 126:133 arg1 system 183:188 the central nervous system 163:188 the central nervous system (CNS) 163:194 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 1 21 from synapses 126:133 arg1 surface 152:158 neuronal cell surface 138:158 neuronal cell surface 138:158 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 5 22 theme sulfate 891:897 arg1 distribution 899:910 chondroitin sulfate distribution 879:910 chondroitin sulfate distribution 879:910 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 1 23 theme central 167:173 arg1 CNS 191:193 CNS 191:193 CNS 191:193 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 1 23 theme central 167:173 arg1 system 183:188 the central nervous system 163:188 the central nervous system (CNS) 163:194 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 0 24 theme Spatial 0:6 arg1 patterns 8:15 Spatial patterns 0:15 Spatial patterns 0:15 Spatial patterns and cell surface clusters in perineuronal nets. 27425428 1 25 theme Alzheimer 245:253 arg1 disease 255:261 Alzheimer disease 245:261 Alzheimer disease 245:261 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 5 26 with patterns 867:874 arg1 nonpolar 949:956 nonpolar 949:956 nonpolar 949:956 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 5 26 with patterns 867:874 arg1 distribution 985:996 uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution 940:996 distribution 985:996 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 5 27 theme distribution 899:910 arg1 patterns 867:874 two distinct patterns 854:874 two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal 854:1050 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 1 28 theme nervous 175:181 arg1 CNS 191:193 CNS 191:193 CNS 191:193 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 1 28 theme nervous 175:181 arg1 system 183:188 the central nervous system 163:188 the central nervous system (CNS) 163:194 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 0 29 theme cell 21:24 arg1 clusters 34:41 cell surface clusters 21:41 cell surface clusters 21:41 Spatial patterns and cell surface clusters in perineuronal nets. 27425428 1 30 theme disease 255:261 arg1 models 235:240 animal models 228:240 animal models of Alzheimer disease 228:261 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 7 31 from morphologies 1244:1255 arg1 surface 1278:1284 the neuronal cell surface 1260:1284 the neuronal cell surface 1260:1284 PNN is organized into clusters of meshes with distinct morphologies on the neuronal cell surface. 27425428 4 32 theme hexagon 753:759 arg1 shape 761:765 hexagon shape 753:765 hexagon shape 753:765 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 3 33 from structure 608:616 arg1 layers 654:659 layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex 654:697 layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex 654:697 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 3 33 from structure 608:616 arg1 neurons 641:647 adult mouse and rat neurons 621:647 adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex 621:697 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 2 34 theme PNN 438:440 arg1 composition 394:404 molecular composition 384:404 molecular composition 384:404 Crucial insights were obtained recently concerning molecular composition and physiological importance of PNN but the microstructure of the network remains largely unstudied. 27425428 2 34 theme PNN 438:440 arg1 importance 424:433 physiological importance 410:433 physiological importance 410:433 Crucial insights were obtained recently concerning molecular composition and physiological importance of PNN but the microstructure of the network remains largely unstudied. 27425428 6 35 theme node-enriched 1069:1081 arg1 pattern 1083:1089 the node-enriched pattern 1065:1089 the node-enriched pattern 1065:1089 Vertices of the node-enriched pattern match better with local maxima of chondroitin sulfate density as compared to the uniform pattern. 27425428 4 36 theme mesh 777:780 arg1 area 782:785 mean mesh area 772:785 mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons 772:836 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 5 37 theme Wisteria 1005:1012 arg1 signal 1045:1050 the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal 1001:1050 the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal 1001:1050 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 1 38 theme ensheath 89:96 arg1 PNN 84:86 PNN 84:86 PNN 84:86 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 1 38 theme ensheath 89:96 arg1 nets 78:81 Perineuronal nets 65:81 Perineuronal nets (PNN) 65:87 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 7 39 theme cell 1273:1276 arg1 surface 1278:1284 the neuronal cell surface 1260:1284 the neuronal cell surface 1260:1284 PNN is organized into clusters of meshes with distinct morphologies on the neuronal cell surface. 27425428 5 40 theme single 921:926 arg1 mesh 928:931 a single mesh 919:931 a single mesh 919:931 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 5 41 theme floribunda 1014:1023 arg1 signal 1045:1050 the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal 1001:1050 the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal 1001:1050 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 8 42 theme synaptic 1351:1358 arg1 transduction 1360:1371 the synaptic transduction 1347:1371 the synaptic transduction 1347:1371 Our findings suggest the role for the PNN microstructure in the synaptic transduction and plasticity. 27425428 0 43 theme surface 26:32 arg1 clusters 34:41 cell surface clusters 21:41 cell surface clusters 21:41 Spatial patterns and cell surface clusters in perineuronal nets. 27425428 1 44 theme synaptic 276:283 arg1 plasticity 285:294 synaptic plasticity 276:294 synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration 276:330 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 5 45 theme agglutinin-positive 1025:1043 arg1 signal 1045:1050 the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal 1001:1050 the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal 1001:1050 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 3 46 theme adult 621:625 arg1 neurons 641:647 adult mouse and rat neurons 621:647 adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex 621:697 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 4 47 from mouse 803:807 arg1 area 782:785 mean mesh area 772:785 mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons 772:836 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 4 47 from mouse 803:807 arg1 neurons 830:836 rat neurons 826:836 rat neurons 826:836 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 2 48 theme physiological 410:422 arg1 importance 424:433 physiological importance 410:433 physiological importance 410:433 Crucial insights were obtained recently concerning molecular composition and physiological importance of PNN but the microstructure of the network remains largely unstudied. 27425428 0 49 theme perineuronal 46:57 arg1 nets 59:62 perineuronal nets 46:62 perineuronal nets 46:62 Spatial patterns and cell surface clusters in perineuronal nets. 27425428 8 50 theme PNN 1325:1327 arg1 microstructure 1329:1342 the PNN microstructure 1321:1342 the PNN microstructure 1321:1342 Our findings suggest the role for the PNN microstructure in the synaptic transduction and plasticity. 27425428 5 51 theme signal 1045:1050 arg1 nonpolar 949:956 nonpolar 949:956 nonpolar 949:956 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 1 52 contain have 197:200 arg1 PNN 84:86 PNN 84:86 PNN 84:86 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 1 52 contain have 197:200 arg1 nets 78:81 Perineuronal nets 65:81 Perineuronal nets (PNN) 65:87 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 1 52 contain have 197:200 arg2 effect 218:223 neuroprotective effect 202:223 neuroprotective effect 202:223 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 4 53 from 1.44µm 813:818 arg1 area 782:785 mean mesh area 772:785 mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons 772:836 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 4 53 from 1.44µm 813:818 arg1 neurons 830:836 rat neurons 826:836 rat neurons 826:836 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 1 54 theme GABAergic 98:106 arg1 synapses 126:133 GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses 98:133 GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS) 98:194 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 7 55 theme neuronal 1264:1271 arg1 surface 1278:1284 the neuronal cell surface 1260:1284 the neuronal cell surface 1260:1284 PNN is organized into clusters of meshes with distinct morphologies on the neuronal cell surface. 27425428 6 56 theme density 1145:1151 arg1 maxima 1115:1120 local maxima 1109:1120 local maxima of chondroitin sulfate density 1109:1151 Vertices of the node-enriched pattern match better with local maxima of chondroitin sulfate density as compared to the uniform pattern. 27425428 5 57 theme polar 978:982 arg1 distribution 985:996 uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution 940:996 distribution 985:996 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 7 58 theme distinct 1235:1242 arg1 morphologies 1244:1255 distinct morphologies 1235:1255 distinct morphologies on the neuronal cell surface 1235:1284 PNN is organized into clusters of meshes with distinct morphologies on the neuronal cell surface. 27425428 4 59 theme meshes 717:722 arg1 majority 705:712 Vast majority 700:712 Vast majority of meshes 700:722 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 3 60 theme somatosensory 678:690 arg1 cortex 692:697 the somatosensory cortex 674:697 the somatosensory cortex 674:697 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 3 61 theme rat 637:639 arg1 neurons 641:647 adult mouse and rat neurons 621:647 adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex 621:697 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 5 62 theme node-enriched 963:975 arg1 distribution 985:996 uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution 940:996 distribution 985:996 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 1 63 theme glutamatergic 112:124 arg1 synapses 126:133 GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses 98:133 GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS) 98:194 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 6 64 theme local 1109:1113 arg1 maxima 1115:1120 local maxima 1109:1120 local maxima of chondroitin sulfate density 1109:1151 Vertices of the node-enriched pattern match better with local maxima of chondroitin sulfate density as compared to the uniform pattern. 27425428 8 65 from role 1312:1315 arg1 transduction 1360:1371 the synaptic transduction 1347:1371 the synaptic transduction 1347:1371 Our findings suggest the role for the PNN microstructure in the synaptic transduction and plasticity. 27425428 8 65 from role 1312:1315 arg1 plasticity 1377:1386 plasticity 1377:1386 plasticity 1377:1386 Our findings suggest the role for the PNN microstructure in the synaptic transduction and plasticity. 27425428 6 66 theme chondroitin 1125:1135 arg1 sulfate 1137:1143 chondroitin sulfate 1125:1143 chondroitin sulfate density 1125:1151 Vertices of the node-enriched pattern match better with local maxima of chondroitin sulfate density as compared to the uniform pattern. 27425428 5 67 theme distinct 858:865 arg1 patterns 867:874 two distinct patterns 854:874 two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal 854:1050 We demonstrate two distinct patterns of chondroitin sulfate distribution within a single mesh - with uniform (nonpolar) and node-enriched (polar) distribution of the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive signal. 27425428 3 68 used used 515:518 arg2 we 512:513 we 512:513 we 512:513 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 1 69 theme neuronal 138:145 arg1 surface 152:158 neuronal cell surface 138:158 neuronal cell surface 138:158 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 3 70 dep layers 654:659 arg1 IV 661:662 IV 661:662 IV 661:662 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 3 70 dep layers 654:659 arg1 VI 668:669 VI 668:669 VI 668:669 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 3 71 theme mouse 627:631 arg1 neurons 641:647 adult mouse and rat neurons 621:647 adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex 621:697 Here we used histochemistry, fluorescent microscopy and quantitative image analysis to study the PNN structure in adult mouse and rat neurons from layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex. 27425428 4 72 from 1.29µm 790:795 arg1 2 820:820 2 820:820 2 820:820 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 4 72 from 1.29µm 790:795 arg1 1.44µm 813:818 1.44µm 813:818 1.44µm 813:818 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 4 72 from 1.29µm 790:795 arg1 mouse 803:807 mouse 803:807 mouse 803:807 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 6 73 theme sulfate 1137:1143 arg1 density 1145:1151 chondroitin sulfate density 1125:1151 chondroitin sulfate density 1125:1151 Vertices of the node-enriched pattern match better with local maxima of chondroitin sulfate density as compared to the uniform pattern. 27425428 1 74 theme neuroprotective 202:216 arg1 effect 218:223 neuroprotective effect 202:223 neuroprotective effect 202:223 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 27425428 2 75 theme network 472:478 arg1 microstructure 450:463 the microstructure 446:463 the microstructure of the network 446:478 Crucial insights were obtained recently concerning molecular composition and physiological importance of PNN but the microstructure of the network remains largely unstudied. 27425428 4 76 theme 1.29µm 790:795 arg1 area 782:785 mean mesh area 772:785 mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons 772:836 Vast majority of meshes have quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon shape with mean mesh area of 1.29µm(2) in mouse and 1.44µm(2) in rat neurons. 27425428 7 77 theme meshes 1223:1228 arg1 clusters 1211:1218 clusters 1211:1218 clusters of meshes with distinct morphologies on the neuronal cell surface 1211:1284 PNN is organized into clusters of meshes with distinct morphologies on the neuronal cell surface. 27425428 1 78 dep ensheath 89:96 arg1 synapses 126:133 GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses 98:133 GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS) 98:194 Perineuronal nets (PNN) ensheath GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses on neuronal cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS), have neuroprotective effect in animal models of Alzheimer disease and regulate synaptic plasticity during development and regeneration. 24487527 2 0 theme microbiota 450:459 arg1 members 429:435 particular members 418:435 particular members of the cecal microbiota 418:459 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 4 1 theme nucleic 743:749 arg1 acid 751:754 (13)C-labeled nucleic acid 729:754 (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent 729:838 RNA was extracted from these cecal specimens and fractionated in isopycnic buoyant density gradients in order to detect (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent. 24487527 3 2 theme diet 603:606 arg1 provision 572:580 provision 572:580 provision of the [(13)C]inulin diet 572:606 Cecal digesta from Fibruline-inulin-fed rats was collected prior to (0 h) and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h following provision of the [(13)C]inulin diet. 24487527 6 3 theme genes 968:972 arg1 Sequencing 945:954 Sequencing 945:954 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions 945:1022 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 0 4 theme bacterial 79:87 arg1 populations 89:99 specific bacterial populations 70:99 specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel 70:122 RNA-stable-isotope probing shows utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel. 24487527 4 5 theme C-labeled 733:741 arg1 acid 751:754 (13)C-labeled nucleic acid 729:754 (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent 729:838 RNA was extracted from these cecal specimens and fractionated in isopycnic buoyant density gradients in order to detect (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent. 24487527 2 6 link inulin-derived 389:402 arg1 substrates 404:413 inulin-derived substrates 389:413 inulin-derived substrates 389:413 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 6 7 theme rRNA 963:966 arg1 genes 968:972 16S rRNA genes 959:972 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions 959:1022 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 7 8 theme strains 1206:1212 arg1 studies 1195:1201 Culture-based studies 1181:1201 Culture-based studies of strains of these bacterial species 1181:1239 Culture-based studies of strains of these bacterial species enabled trophisms associated with inulin and its hydrolysis products to be identified. 24487527 9 9 theme microbiota 1561:1570 arg1 metabolism 1572:1581 microbiota metabolism 1561:1581 microbiota metabolism 1561:1581 Thus, RNA-stable-isotope probing (RNA-SIP) provided new information about the use of carbon from inulin in microbiota metabolism. 24487527 4 10 theme dietary 820:826 arg1 constituent 828:838 the labeled dietary constituent 808:838 the labeled dietary constituent 808:838 RNA was extracted from these cecal specimens and fractionated in isopycnic buoyant density gradients in order to detect (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent. 24487527 0 11 from inulin 60:65 arg1 carbon 48:53 carbon 48:53 carbon from inulin 48:65 RNA-stable-isotope probing shows utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel. 24487527 0 11 from inulin 60:65 arg1 utilization 33:43 utilization 33:43 utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel 33:122 RNA-stable-isotope probing shows utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel. 24487527 4 12 theme cecal 638:642 arg1 specimens 644:652 these cecal specimens 632:652 these cecal specimens 632:652 RNA was extracted from these cecal specimens and fractionated in isopycnic buoyant density gradients in order to detect (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent. 24487527 2 13 theme 13 283:284 arg1 C 286:286 C 286:286 C 286:286 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 0 14 theme large 112:116 arg1 bowel 118:122 the rat large bowel 104:122 the rat large bowel 104:122 RNA-stable-isotope probing shows utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel. 24487527 3 15 from rats 502:505 arg1 digesta 468:474 Cecal digesta 462:474 Cecal digesta from Fibruline-inulin-fed rats 462:505 Cecal digesta from Fibruline-inulin-fed rats was collected prior to (0 h) and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h following provision of the [(13)C]inulin diet. 24487527 9 16 theme RNA-stable-isotope 1460:1477 arg1 RNA-SIP 1488:1494 RNA-SIP 1488:1494 RNA-SIP 1488:1494 Thus, RNA-stable-isotope probing (RNA-SIP) provided new information about the use of carbon from inulin in microbiota metabolism. 24487527 9 16 theme RNA-stable-isotope 1460:1477 arg1 probing 1479:1485 RNA-stable-isotope probing 1460:1485 RNA-stable-isotope probing (RNA-SIP) 1460:1495 Thus, RNA-stable-isotope probing (RNA-SIP) provided new information about the use of carbon from inulin in microbiota metabolism. 24487527 2 17 dep Stable-isotope 266:279 arg1 C 286:286 C 286:286 C 286:286 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 1 18 theme bowel 166:170 arg1 composition 183:193 bowel microbiota composition 166:193 bowel microbiota composition 166:193 Knowledge of the trophisms that underpin bowel microbiota composition is required in order to understand its complex phylogeny and function. 24487527 0 19 theme rat 108:110 arg1 bowel 118:122 the rat large bowel 104:122 the rat large bowel 104:122 RNA-stable-isotope probing shows utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel. 24487527 3 20 theme inulin 596:601 arg1 diet 603:606 the [(13)C]inulin diet 585:606 the [(13)C]inulin diet 585:606 Cecal digesta from Fibruline-inulin-fed rats was collected prior to (0 h) and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h following provision of the [(13)C]inulin diet. 24487527 9 21 theme new 1506:1508 arg1 information 1510:1520 new information 1506:1520 new information about the use of carbon from inulin in microbiota metabolism 1506:1581 Thus, RNA-stable-isotope probing (RNA-SIP) provided new information about the use of carbon from inulin in microbiota metabolism. 24487527 0 22 theme RNA-stable-isotope 0:17 arg1 probing 19:25 RNA-stable-isotope probing 0:25 RNA-stable-isotope probing 0:25 RNA-stable-isotope probing shows utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel. 24487527 1 23 theme microbiota 172:181 arg1 composition 183:193 bowel microbiota composition 166:193 bowel microbiota composition 166:193 Knowledge of the trophisms that underpin bowel microbiota composition is required in order to understand its complex phylogeny and function. 24487527 2 24 theme cecal 444:448 arg1 microbiota 450:459 the cecal microbiota 440:459 the cecal microbiota 440:459 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 6 25 theme main 1138:1141 arg1 users 1143:1147 the main users 1134:1147 the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate 1134:1178 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 6 25 theme main 1138:1141 arg1 indolis 1091:1097 Clostridium indolis 1079:1097 Clostridium indolis 1079:1097 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 6 25 theme main 1138:1141 arg1 animalis 1120:1127 Bifidobacterium animalis 1104:1127 Bifidobacterium animalis 1104:1127 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 6 25 theme main 1138:1141 arg1 uniformis 1048:1056 Bacteroides uniformis 1036:1056 Bacteroides uniformis 1036:1056 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 6 25 theme main 1138:1141 arg1 glucerasea 1067:1076 Blautia glucerasea 1059:1076 Blautia glucerasea 1059:1076 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 2 26 from diet 321:324 arg1 occasion 346:353 a single occasion 337:353 a single occasion 337:353 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 7 27 theme hydrolysis 1290:1299 arg1 products 1301:1308 its hydrolysis products 1286:1308 its hydrolysis products 1286:1308 Culture-based studies of strains of these bacterial species enabled trophisms associated with inulin and its hydrolysis products to be identified. 24487527 2 28 theme single 339:344 arg1 occasion 346:353 a single occasion 337:353 a single occasion 337:353 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 2 29 theme substrates 404:413 arg1 utilization 374:384 utilization 374:384 utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota 374:459 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 8 30 used utilized 1341:1348 arg2 uniformis 1331:1339 B. uniformis 1328:1339 B. uniformis 1328:1339 B. uniformis utilized Fibruline-inulin for growth, whereas the other species used fructo-oligosaccharide and monosaccharides. 24487527 2 31 theme -labeled 288:295 arg1 inulin 297:302 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin 266:302 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin 266:302 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 2 32 theme inulin-derived 389:402 arg1 substrates 404:413 inulin-derived substrates 389:413 inulin-derived substrates 389:413 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 9 33 theme carbon 1539:1544 arg1 use 1532:1534 the use 1528:1534 the use of carbon 1528:1544 Thus, RNA-stable-isotope probing (RNA-SIP) provided new information about the use of carbon from inulin in microbiota metabolism. 24487527 8 34 theme other 1391:1395 arg1 species 1397:1403 the other species 1387:1403 the other species 1387:1403 B. uniformis utilized Fibruline-inulin for growth, whereas the other species used fructo-oligosaccharide and monosaccharides. 24487527 0 35 from populations 89:99 arg1 bowel 118:122 the rat large bowel 104:122 the rat large bowel 104:122 RNA-stable-isotope probing shows utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel. 24487527 7 36 theme Culture-based 1181:1193 arg1 studies 1195:1201 Culture-based studies 1181:1201 Culture-based studies of strains of these bacterial species 1181:1239 Culture-based studies of strains of these bacterial species enabled trophisms associated with inulin and its hydrolysis products to be identified. 24487527 0 37 theme carbon 48:53 arg1 utilization 33:43 utilization 33:43 utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel 33:122 RNA-stable-isotope probing shows utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel. 24487527 3 38 dep collected 511:519 arg1 h 533:533 0 h 531:533 0 h 531:533 Cecal digesta from Fibruline-inulin-fed rats was collected prior to (0 h) and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h following provision of the [(13)C]inulin diet. 24487527 4 39 theme labeled 812:818 arg1 constituent 828:838 the labeled dietary constituent 808:838 the labeled dietary constituent 808:838 RNA was extracted from these cecal specimens and fractionated in isopycnic buoyant density gradients in order to detect (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent. 24487527 5 40 theme labeled 903:909 arg1 diet 911:914 the labeled diet 899:914 the labeled diet 899:914 RNA extracted from specimens collected after provision of the labeled diet was more dense than 0-h RNA. 24487527 9 41 from information 1510:1520 arg1 metabolism 1572:1581 microbiota metabolism 1561:1581 microbiota metabolism 1561:1581 Thus, RNA-stable-isotope probing (RNA-SIP) provided new information about the use of carbon from inulin in microbiota metabolism. 24487527 6 42 theme 16S 959:961 arg1 genes 968:972 16S rRNA genes 959:972 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions 959:1022 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 1 43 dep understand 219:228 arg1 to 216:217 to 216:217 to 216:217 Knowledge of the trophisms that underpin bowel microbiota composition is required in order to understand its complex phylogeny and function. 24487527 5 44 theme diet 911:914 arg1 provision 886:894 provision 886:894 provision of the labeled diet 886:914 RNA extracted from specimens collected after provision of the labeled diet was more dense than 0-h RNA. 24487527 8 45 dep utilized 1341:1348 arg1 whereas 1379:1385 whereas 1379:1385 whereas 1379:1385 B. uniformis utilized Fibruline-inulin for growth, whereas the other species used fructo-oligosaccharide and monosaccharides. 24487527 4 46 theme bacterial 771:779 arg1 cells 781:785 bacterial cells 771:785 bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent 771:838 RNA was extracted from these cecal specimens and fractionated in isopycnic buoyant density gradients in order to detect (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent. 24487527 2 47 theme particular 418:427 arg1 members 429:435 particular members 418:435 particular members of the cecal microbiota 418:459 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 9 48 from inulin 1551:1556 arg1 information 1510:1520 new information 1506:1520 new information about the use of carbon from inulin in microbiota metabolism 1506:1581 Thus, RNA-stable-isotope probing (RNA-SIP) provided new information about the use of carbon from inulin in microbiota metabolism. 24487527 3 49 theme C 594:594 arg1 diet 603:606 the [(13)C]inulin diet 585:606 the [(13)C]inulin diet 585:606 Cecal digesta from Fibruline-inulin-fed rats was collected prior to (0 h) and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h following provision of the [(13)C]inulin diet. 24487527 3 50 theme Cecal 462:466 arg1 digesta 468:474 Cecal digesta 462:474 Cecal digesta from Fibruline-inulin-fed rats 462:505 Cecal digesta from Fibruline-inulin-fed rats was collected prior to (0 h) and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h following provision of the [(13)C]inulin diet. 24487527 7 51 theme bacterial 1223:1231 arg1 species 1233:1239 these bacterial species 1217:1239 these bacterial species 1217:1239 Culture-based studies of strains of these bacterial species enabled trophisms associated with inulin and its hydrolysis products to be identified. 24487527 6 52 theme substrate 1170:1178 arg1 users 1143:1147 the main users 1134:1147 the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate 1134:1178 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 6 52 theme substrate 1170:1178 arg1 indolis 1091:1097 Clostridium indolis 1079:1097 Clostridium indolis 1079:1097 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 6 52 theme substrate 1170:1178 arg1 animalis 1120:1127 Bifidobacterium animalis 1104:1127 Bifidobacterium animalis 1104:1127 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 6 52 theme substrate 1170:1178 arg1 uniformis 1048:1056 Bacteroides uniformis 1036:1056 Bacteroides uniformis 1036:1056 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 6 52 theme substrate 1170:1178 arg1 glucerasea 1067:1076 Blautia glucerasea 1059:1076 Blautia glucerasea 1059:1076 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 4 53 theme isopycnic 674:682 arg1 gradients 700:708 isopycnic buoyant density gradients 674:708 isopycnic buoyant density gradients 674:708 RNA was extracted from these cecal specimens and fractionated in isopycnic buoyant density gradients in order to detect (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent. 24487527 2 54 theme Stable-isotope 266:279 arg1 inulin 297:302 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin 266:302 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin 266:302 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 24487527 6 55 theme C-labeled 1160:1168 arg1 substrate 1170:1178 the (13)C-labeled substrate 1152:1178 the (13)C-labeled substrate 1152:1178 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cDNA obtained from these fractions showed that Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia glucerasea, Clostridium indolis, and Bifidobacterium animalis were the main users of the (13)C-labeled substrate. 24487527 5 56 theme 0-h 936:938 arg1 RNA 940:942 0-h RNA 936:942 0-h RNA 936:942 RNA extracted from specimens collected after provision of the labeled diet was more dense than 0-h RNA. 24487527 7 57 theme species 1233:1239 arg1 strains 1206:1212 strains 1206:1212 strains of these bacterial species 1206:1239 Culture-based studies of strains of these bacterial species enabled trophisms associated with inulin and its hydrolysis products to be identified. 24487527 1 58 theme trophisms 142:150 arg1 Knowledge 125:133 Knowledge 125:133 Knowledge of the trophisms that underpin bowel microbiota composition 125:193 Knowledge of the trophisms that underpin bowel microbiota composition is required in order to understand its complex phylogeny and function. 24487527 8 59 used used 1405:1408 arg2 species 1397:1403 the other species 1387:1403 the other species 1387:1403 B. uniformis utilized Fibruline-inulin for growth, whereas the other species used fructo-oligosaccharide and monosaccharides. 24487527 0 60 theme specific 70:77 arg1 populations 89:99 specific bacterial populations 70:99 specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel 70:122 RNA-stable-isotope probing shows utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel. 24487527 4 61 theme density 692:698 arg1 gradients 700:708 isopycnic buoyant density gradients 674:708 isopycnic buoyant density gradients 674:708 RNA was extracted from these cecal specimens and fractionated in isopycnic buoyant density gradients in order to detect (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent. 24487527 3 62 theme Fibruline-inulin-fed 481:500 arg1 rats 502:505 Fibruline-inulin-fed rats 481:505 Fibruline-inulin-fed rats 481:505 Cecal digesta from Fibruline-inulin-fed rats was collected prior to (0 h) and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h following provision of the [(13)C]inulin diet. 24487527 1 63 theme complex 234:240 arg1 phylogeny 242:250 its complex phylogeny 230:250 its complex phylogeny 230:250 Knowledge of the trophisms that underpin bowel microbiota composition is required in order to understand its complex phylogeny and function. 24487527 0 64 from utilization 33:43 arg1 inulin 60:65 inulin 60:65 inulin 60:65 RNA-stable-isotope probing shows utilization of carbon from inulin by specific bacterial populations in the rat large bowel. 24487527 4 65 theme buoyant 684:690 arg1 gradients 700:708 isopycnic buoyant density gradients 674:708 isopycnic buoyant density gradients 674:708 RNA was extracted from these cecal specimens and fractionated in isopycnic buoyant density gradients in order to detect (13)C-labeled nucleic acid originating in bacterial cells that had metabolized the labeled dietary constituent. 24487527 2 66 theme rats 329:332 arg1 diet 321:324 the diet 317:324 the diet of rats on a single occasion 317:353 Stable-isotope ((13)C)-labeled inulin was added to the diet of rats on a single occasion in order to detect utilization of inulin-derived substrates by particular members of the cecal microbiota. 23681664 0 0 from conjugation 24:34 arg1 scaffolds 75:83 electrospun poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds 39:83 electrospun poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds 39:83 Plasma-assisted heparin conjugation on electrospun poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds. 23681664 1 1 theme sequential 252:261 arg1 treatment 263:271 a sequential treatment 250:271 a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas 250:298 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 3 2 theme -NH2 659:662 arg1 fractions 667:675 -NH2 /C fractions 659:675 -NH2 /C fractions 659:675 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 6 3 theme immobilized 1178:1188 arg1 heparin 1190:1196 covalently immobilized heparin 1167:1196 covalently immobilized heparin 1167:1196 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 3 4 dep -NH2 647:650 arg1 the 643:645 the 643:645 the 643:645 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 3 5 theme plasma 557:562 arg1 power 564:568 the plasma power 553:568 the plasma power 553:568 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 4 6 theme surface 687:693 arg1 functionalization 695:711 Scaffold surface functionalization 678:711 Scaffold surface functionalization by -NH2 groups 678:726 Scaffold surface functionalization by -NH2 groups significantly increased the amount of covalently bonded heparin compared to a hydrolysis method. 23681664 4 7 theme Scaffold 678:685 arg1 functionalization 695:711 Scaffold surface functionalization 678:711 Scaffold surface functionalization by -NH2 groups 678:726 Scaffold surface functionalization by -NH2 groups significantly increased the amount of covalently bonded heparin compared to a hydrolysis method. 23681664 4 8 theme -NH2 716:719 arg1 groups 721:726 -NH2 groups 716:726 -NH2 groups 716:726 Scaffold surface functionalization by -NH2 groups significantly increased the amount of covalently bonded heparin compared to a hydrolysis method. 23681664 3 9 theme -NH2 526:529 arg1 fractions 534:542 -NH2 /C fractions 526:542 -NH2 /C fractions 526:542 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 5 10 theme immobilized 841:851 arg1 heparin 853:859 immobilized heparin 841:859 immobilized heparin 841:859 The function of immobilized heparin was confirmed by the decrease of platelet attachment during the exposure of the scaffolds to blood from Sprague-Dawley rats. 23681664 3 11 theme /C 531:532 arg1 fractions 534:542 -NH2 /C fractions 526:542 -NH2 /C fractions 526:542 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 5 12 from rats 980:983 arg1 blood 954:958 blood 954:958 blood from Sprague-Dawley rats 954:983 The function of immobilized heparin was confirmed by the decrease of platelet attachment during the exposure of the scaffolds to blood from Sprague-Dawley rats. 23681664 2 13 theme derivatization 384:397 arg1 method 399:404 a chemical derivatization method 373:404 a chemical derivatization method 373:404 The density of the incorporated -NH2 groups was determined by combining a chemical derivatization method with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 23681664 1 14 theme Heparin 86:92 arg1 conjugation 94:104 Heparin conjugation 86:104 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning 86:171 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 2 15 theme chemical 375:382 arg1 method 399:404 a chemical derivatization method 373:404 a chemical derivatization method 373:404 The density of the incorporated -NH2 groups was determined by combining a chemical derivatization method with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 23681664 0 16 theme Plasma-assisted 0:14 arg1 heparin 16:22 Plasma-assisted heparin 0:22 Plasma-assisted heparin 0:22 Plasma-assisted heparin conjugation on electrospun poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds. 23681664 5 17 theme heparin 853:859 arg1 function 829:836 The function 825:836 The function of immobilized heparin 825:859 The function of immobilized heparin was confirmed by the decrease of platelet attachment during the exposure of the scaffolds to blood from Sprague-Dawley rats. 23681664 1 18 theme surface 193:199 arg1 functionalization 201:217 surface functionalization 193:217 surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas 193:298 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 4 19 theme hydrolysis 806:815 arg1 method 817:822 a hydrolysis method 804:822 a hydrolysis method 804:822 Scaffold surface functionalization by -NH2 groups significantly increased the amount of covalently bonded heparin compared to a hydrolysis method. 23681664 3 20 theme treatment 471:479 arg1 time 449:452 The time 445:452 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment 445:479 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 1 21 theme H2 289:290 arg1 plasmas 292:298 H2 plasmas 289:298 H2 plasmas 289:298 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 6 22 theme heparin 1190:1196 arg1 heparin 1190:1196 covalently immobilized heparin 1167:1196 covalently immobilized heparin 1167:1196 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 6 22 theme heparin 1190:1196 arg1 amount 1157:1162 the amount 1153:1162 the amount of covalently immobilized heparin 1153:1196 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 3 23 theme treatment 617:625 arg1 composition 582:592 Ar-NH3 gas composition 571:592 Ar-NH3 gas composition 571:592 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 3 23 theme treatment 617:625 arg1 time 599:602 time 599:602 time of H2 plasma treatment 599:625 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 3 23 theme treatment 617:625 arg1 power 564:568 the plasma power 553:568 the plasma power 553:568 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 5 24 theme scaffolds 941:949 arg1 exposure 925:932 the exposure 921:932 the exposure of the scaffolds to blood from Sprague-Dawley rats 921:983 The function of immobilized heparin was confirmed by the decrease of platelet attachment during the exposure of the scaffolds to blood from Sprague-Dawley rats. 23681664 2 25 theme photoelectron 417:429 arg1 spectroscopy 431:442 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 411:442 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 411:442 The density of the incorporated -NH2 groups was determined by combining a chemical derivatization method with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 23681664 5 26 theme attachment 903:912 arg1 decrease 882:889 the decrease 878:889 the decrease of platelet attachment during the exposure of the scaffolds to blood from Sprague-Dawley rats 878:983 The function of immobilized heparin was confirmed by the decrease of platelet attachment during the exposure of the scaffolds to blood from Sprague-Dawley rats. 23681664 1 27 with functionalization 201:217 arg1 groups 237:242 amine (-NH2) groups 224:242 amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas 224:298 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 1 28 theme amine 224:228 arg1 groups 237:242 amine (-NH2) groups 224:242 amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas 224:298 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 3 29 theme gas 578:580 arg1 composition 582:592 Ar-NH3 gas composition 571:592 Ar-NH3 gas composition 571:592 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 6 30 theme heparin 1061:1067 arg1 conjugation 1069:1079 heparin conjugation 1061:1079 heparin conjugation 1061:1079 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 2 31 theme X-ray 411:415 arg1 spectroscopy 431:442 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 411:442 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 411:442 The density of the incorporated -NH2 groups was determined by combining a chemical derivatization method with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 23681664 6 32 theme cell 1090:1093 arg1 infiltration 1095:1106 cell infiltration 1090:1106 cell infiltration 1090:1106 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 6 33 theme In 986:987 arg1 experiments 995:1005 In vitro experiments 986:1005 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells 986:1041 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 3 34 theme H2 607:608 arg1 treatment 617:625 H2 plasma treatment 607:625 H2 plasma treatment 607:625 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 6 35 with experiments 995:1005 arg1 cells 1037:1041 bovine aorta endothelial cells 1012:1041 bovine aorta endothelial cells 1012:1041 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 1 36 with treatment 263:271 arg1 Ar-NH3 278:283 Ar-NH3 278:283 Ar-NH3 278:283 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 1 36 with treatment 263:271 arg1 plasmas 292:298 H2 plasmas 289:298 H2 plasmas 289:298 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 3 37 theme plasma 464:469 arg1 treatment 471:479 Ar-NH3 plasma treatment 457:479 Ar-NH3 plasma treatment 457:479 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 3 38 theme plasma 610:615 arg1 treatment 617:625 H2 plasma treatment 607:625 H2 plasma treatment 607:625 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 2 39 theme groups 338:343 arg1 density 305:311 The density 301:311 The density of the incorporated -NH2 groups 301:343 The density of the incorporated -NH2 groups was determined by combining a chemical derivatization method with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 23681664 6 40 dep In 986:987 arg1 vitro 989:993 vitro 989:993 vitro 989:993 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 3 41 theme Ar-NH3 571:576 arg1 composition 582:592 Ar-NH3 gas composition 571:592 Ar-NH3 gas composition 571:592 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 2 42 theme -NH2 333:336 arg1 groups 338:343 the incorporated -NH2 groups 316:343 the incorporated -NH2 groups 316:343 The density of the incorporated -NH2 groups was determined by combining a chemical derivatization method with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 23681664 4 43 theme bonded 777:782 arg1 heparin 784:790 covalently bonded heparin 766:790 covalently bonded heparin 766:790 Scaffold surface functionalization by -NH2 groups significantly increased the amount of covalently bonded heparin compared to a hydrolysis method. 23681664 2 44 theme incorporated 320:331 arg1 groups 338:343 the incorporated -NH2 groups 316:343 the incorporated -NH2 groups 316:343 The density of the incorporated -NH2 groups was determined by combining a chemical derivatization method with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 23681664 1 45 theme -NH2 231:234 arg1 groups 237:242 amine (-NH2) groups 224:242 amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas 224:298 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 5 46 theme Sprague-Dawley 965:978 arg1 rats 980:983 Sprague-Dawley rats 965:983 Sprague-Dawley rats 965:983 The function of immobilized heparin was confirmed by the decrease of platelet attachment during the exposure of the scaffolds to blood from Sprague-Dawley rats. 23681664 5 47 theme platelet 894:901 arg1 attachment 903:912 platelet attachment 894:912 platelet attachment 894:912 The function of immobilized heparin was confirmed by the decrease of platelet attachment during the exposure of the scaffolds to blood from Sprague-Dawley rats. 23681664 1 48 theme fibrous 125:131 arg1 scaffolds 133:141 poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds 109:141 poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning 109:171 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 6 49 theme bovine 1012:1017 arg1 cells 1037:1041 bovine aorta endothelial cells 1012:1041 bovine aorta endothelial cells 1012:1041 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 0 50 theme fibrous 67:73 arg1 scaffolds 75:83 electrospun poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds 39:83 electrospun poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds 39:83 Plasma-assisted heparin conjugation on electrospun poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds. 23681664 6 51 theme endothelial 1025:1035 arg1 cells 1037:1041 bovine aorta endothelial cells 1012:1041 bovine aorta endothelial cells 1012:1041 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 3 52 theme Ar-NH3 457:462 arg1 treatment 471:479 Ar-NH3 plasma treatment 457:479 Ar-NH3 plasma treatment 457:479 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 6 53 theme fibrous 1120:1126 arg1 scaffolds 1128:1136 the fibrous scaffolds 1116:1136 the fibrous scaffolds 1116:1136 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 23681664 1 54 from conjugation 94:104 arg1 scaffolds 133:141 poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds 109:141 poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning 109:171 Heparin conjugation on poly(L-lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (-NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar-NH3 and H2 plasmas. 23681664 3 55 theme /C 664:665 arg1 fractions 667:675 -NH2 /C fractions 659:675 -NH2 /C fractions 659:675 The time of Ar-NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, -NH2 /N, and -NH2 /C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar-NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the -NH2 /N and -NH2 /C fractions. 23681664 4 56 theme heparin 784:790 arg1 heparin 784:790 covalently bonded heparin 766:790 covalently bonded heparin 766:790 Scaffold surface functionalization by -NH2 groups significantly increased the amount of covalently bonded heparin compared to a hydrolysis method. 23681664 4 56 theme heparin 784:790 arg1 amount 756:761 the amount 752:761 the amount of covalently bonded heparin 752:790 Scaffold surface functionalization by -NH2 groups significantly increased the amount of covalently bonded heparin compared to a hydrolysis method. 23681664 6 57 theme aorta 1019:1023 arg1 cells 1037:1041 bovine aorta endothelial cells 1012:1041 bovine aorta endothelial cells 1012:1041 In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. 28578964 0 0 theme hydrochloride 95:107 arg1 delivery 71:78 targeted delivery 62:78 targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to MG 63 cancer cells 62:129 Biocompatible nanogel derived from functionalized dextrin for targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to MG 63 cancer cells. 28578964 3 1 theme FTIR 651:654 arg1 spectroscopy 667:678 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy 651:678 spectroscopy 667:678 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 3 2 theme 1H 660:661 arg1 spectroscopy 667:678 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy 651:678 spectroscopy 667:678 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 0 3 theme doxorubicin 83:93 arg1 hydrochloride 95:107 doxorubicin hydrochloride 83:107 doxorubicin hydrochloride 83:107 Biocompatible nanogel derived from functionalized dextrin for targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to MG 63 cancer cells. 28578964 4 4 theme DLS 799:801 arg1 study 803:807 DLS study 799:807 DLS study 799:807 The TEM analysis confirmed that the size of nanogel appeared within 100nm, while DLS study indicates that the diameter of the nanogel remained between 113 and 126nm. 28578964 4 5 theme nanogel 762:768 arg1 size 754:757 the size 750:757 the size of nanogel 750:768 The TEM analysis confirmed that the size of nanogel appeared within 100nm, while DLS study indicates that the diameter of the nanogel remained between 113 and 126nm. 28578964 6 6 theme gel 991:993 arg1 behaviour 995:1003 the gel behaviour 987:1003 the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 987:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 1 7 theme targeted 169:176 arg1 delivery 178:185 the targeted delivery 165:185 the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel 165:350 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 0 8 theme MG 112:113 arg1 cells 125:129 MG 63 cancer cells 112:129 MG 63 cancer cells 112:129 Biocompatible nanogel derived from functionalized dextrin for targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to MG 63 cancer cells. 28578964 1 9 dep based 293:297 arg1 crosslinked 299:309 crosslinked 299:309 crosslinked 299:309 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 1 9 dep based 293:297 arg1 dextrin 285:291 functionalized dextrin 270:291 functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive 270:324 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 6 10 from 7.4 1083:1085 arg1 Difference 1045:1054 37±0.1°C. Difference 1035:1054 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 1035:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 6 10 from 7.4 1083:1085 arg1 swelling 1060:1067 % swelling 1058:1067 % swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 1058:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 3 11 theme NMR 663:665 arg1 spectroscopy 667:678 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy 651:678 spectroscopy 667:678 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 10 12 theme controlled 1640:1649 arg1 way 1651:1653 a controlled way 1638:1653 a controlled way 1638:1653 The Dox-loaded nanogel demonstrates anti-cancer activity towards MG 63 cancer cells and release the encapsulated drug in a controlled way. 28578964 9 13 theme doxorubicin 1435:1445 arg1 hydrochloride 1447:1459 doxorubicin hydrochloride 1435:1459 doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) 1435:1465 The nanogel could efficiently encapsulate doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) with the loading efficiency of 27±0.2% after 72h. 28578964 9 13 theme doxorubicin 1435:1445 arg1 Dox 1462:1464 Dox 1462:1464 Dox 1462:1464 The nanogel could efficiently encapsulate doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) with the loading efficiency of 27±0.2% after 72h. 28578964 8 14 dep In 1253:1254 arg1 vitro 1256:1260 vitro 1256:1260 vitro 1256:1260 In vitro cellular uptake study confirmed that FITC-loaded nanogel can cross the cellular membrane and be well uptake by the cell cytoplasm. 28578964 8 14 dep In 1253:1254 arg1 cellular 1262:1269 cellular 1262:1269 cellular 1262:1269 In vitro cellular uptake study confirmed that FITC-loaded nanogel can cross the cellular membrane and be well uptake by the cell cytoplasm. 28578964 1 15 theme functionalized 270:283 arg1 crosslinked 299:309 crosslinked 299:309 crosslinked 299:309 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 1 15 theme functionalized 270:283 arg1 dextrin 285:291 functionalized dextrin 270:291 functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive 270:324 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 0 16 theme cancer 118:123 arg1 cells 125:129 MG 63 cancer cells 112:129 MG 63 cancer cells 112:129 Biocompatible nanogel derived from functionalized dextrin for targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to MG 63 cancer cells. 28578964 3 17 theme spectroscopy 667:678 arg1 analyses 708:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 1 18 theme doxorubicin 190:200 arg1 hydrochloride 202:214 doxorubicin hydrochloride 190:214 doxorubicin hydrochloride 190:214 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 7 19 theme mesenchymal 1221:1231 arg1 hMSCs 1245:1249 hMSCs 1245:1249 hMSCs 1245:1249 The in vitro cytocompatibility results ascertained that the nanogel is non-toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28578964 7 19 theme mesenchymal 1221:1231 arg1 cells 1238:1242 human mesenchymal stem cells 1215:1242 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1215:1250 The in vitro cytocompatibility results ascertained that the nanogel is non-toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28578964 2 20 theme acrylic 496:502 arg1 acid 504:507 acrylic acid 496:507 acrylic acid (AA, as monomer) 496:524 The nanogel has been prepared through Michael-type addition reaction using dextrin (Dxt), N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, as crosslinker), acrylic acid (AA, as monomer) and potassium persulfate (KPS, as initiator). 28578964 6 21 theme % 1058:1058 arg1 swelling 1060:1067 % swelling 1058:1067 % swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 1058:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 6 22 from pH 1072:1073 arg1 Difference 1045:1054 37±0.1°C. Difference 1035:1054 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 1035:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 6 22 from pH 1072:1073 arg1 swelling 1060:1067 % swelling 1058:1067 % swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 1058:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 6 23 theme rheological 960:970 arg1 study 972:976 The rheological study 956:976 The rheological study 956:976 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 2 24 theme N'-methylene 446:457 arg1 bisacrylamide 459:471 N'-methylene bisacrylamide 446:471 N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, as crosslinker) 446:493 The nanogel has been prepared through Michael-type addition reaction using dextrin (Dxt), N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, as crosslinker), acrylic acid (AA, as monomer) and potassium persulfate (KPS, as initiator). 28578964 2 25 dep persulfate 540:549 arg1 KPS 552:554 KPS 552:554 KPS 552:554 The nanogel has been prepared through Michael-type addition reaction using dextrin (Dxt), N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, as crosslinker), acrylic acid (AA, as monomer) and potassium persulfate (KPS, as initiator). 28578964 8 26 theme In 1253:1254 arg1 study 1278:1282 In vitro cellular uptake study 1253:1282 In vitro cellular uptake study 1253:1282 In vitro cellular uptake study confirmed that FITC-loaded nanogel can cross the cellular membrane and be well uptake by the cell cytoplasm. 28578964 2 27 theme addition 404:411 arg1 reaction 413:420 Michael-type addition reaction 391:420 Michael-type addition reaction using dextrin (Dxt), N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, as crosslinker), acrylic acid (AA, as monomer) and potassium persulfate (KPS, as initiator) 391:569 The nanogel has been prepared through Michael-type addition reaction using dextrin (Dxt), N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, as crosslinker), acrylic acid (AA, as monomer) and potassium persulfate (KPS, as initiator). 28578964 0 28 theme Biocompatible 0:12 arg1 nanogel 14:20 Biocompatible nanogel 0:20 Biocompatible nanogel 0:20 Biocompatible nanogel derived from functionalized dextrin for targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to MG 63 cancer cells. 28578964 2 29 theme Michael-type 391:402 arg1 reaction 413:420 Michael-type addition reaction 391:420 Michael-type addition reaction using dextrin (Dxt), N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, as crosslinker), acrylic acid (AA, as monomer) and potassium persulfate (KPS, as initiator) 391:569 The nanogel has been prepared through Michael-type addition reaction using dextrin (Dxt), N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, as crosslinker), acrylic acid (AA, as monomer) and potassium persulfate (KPS, as initiator). 28578964 3 30 theme TGA 686:688 arg1 analyses 708:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 2 31 dep acid 504:507 arg1 AA 510:511 AA 510:511 AA 510:511 The nanogel has been prepared through Michael-type addition reaction using dextrin (Dxt), N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, as crosslinker), acrylic acid (AA, as monomer) and potassium persulfate (KPS, as initiator). 28578964 10 32 theme Dox-loaded 1521:1530 arg1 nanogel 1532:1538 The Dox-loaded nanogel 1517:1538 The Dox-loaded nanogel 1517:1538 The Dox-loaded nanogel demonstrates anti-cancer activity towards MG 63 cancer cells and release the encapsulated drug in a controlled way. 28578964 6 33 theme 37±0.1°C. 1035:1043 arg1 Difference 1045:1054 37±0.1°C. Difference 1035:1054 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 1035:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 6 34 theme nanogel 1122:1128 arg1 pH-responsiveness 1097:1113 pH-responsiveness 1097:1113 pH-responsiveness of the nanogel 1097:1128 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 10 35 theme MG 1582:1583 arg1 cells 1595:1599 MG 63 cancer cells 1582:1599 MG 63 cancer cells 1582:1599 The Dox-loaded nanogel demonstrates anti-cancer activity towards MG 63 cancer cells and release the encapsulated drug in a controlled way. 28578964 8 36 theme cellular 1333:1340 arg1 membrane 1342:1349 the cellular membrane 1329:1349 the cellular membrane 1329:1349 In vitro cellular uptake study confirmed that FITC-loaded nanogel can cross the cellular membrane and be well uptake by the cell cytoplasm. 28578964 6 37 from Difference 1045:1054 arg1 7.4 1083:1085 7.4 1083:1085 7.4 1083:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 6 37 from Difference 1045:1054 arg1 swelling 1060:1067 % swelling 1058:1067 % swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 1058:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 6 37 from Difference 1045:1054 arg1 behaviour 995:1003 the gel behaviour 987:1003 the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 987:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 6 37 from Difference 1045:1054 arg1 pH 1072:1073 pH 5.5 and 7.4 1072:1085 pH 1072:1073 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 1 38 theme human 219:223 arg1 MG 257:258 MG 63 257:261 MG 63 257:261 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 1 38 theme human 219:223 arg1 lines 250:254 human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines 219:254 human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel 219:350 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 3 39 theme XRD 681:683 arg1 analyses 708:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 4 40 theme TEM 722:724 arg1 analysis 726:733 The TEM analysis 718:733 The TEM analysis 718:733 The TEM analysis confirmed that the size of nanogel appeared within 100nm, while DLS study indicates that the diameter of the nanogel remained between 113 and 126nm. 28578964 1 41 theme hydrochloride 202:214 arg1 delivery 178:185 the targeted delivery 165:185 the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel 165:350 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 1 42 theme osteosarcoma 225:236 arg1 MG 257:258 MG 63 257:261 MG 63 257:261 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 1 42 theme osteosarcoma 225:236 arg1 lines 250:254 human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines 219:254 human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel 219:350 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 0 43 theme functionalized 35:48 arg1 dextrin 50:56 functionalized dextrin 35:56 functionalized dextrin for targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to MG 63 cancer cells 35:129 Biocompatible nanogel derived from functionalized dextrin for targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to MG 63 cancer cells. 28578964 8 44 theme uptake 1271:1276 arg1 study 1278:1282 In vitro cellular uptake study 1253:1282 In vitro cellular uptake study 1253:1282 In vitro cellular uptake study confirmed that FITC-loaded nanogel can cross the cellular membrane and be well uptake by the cell cytoplasm. 28578964 1 45 theme cancer 238:243 arg1 MG 257:258 MG 63 257:261 MG 63 257:261 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 1 45 theme cancer 238:243 arg1 lines 250:254 human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines 219:254 human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel 219:350 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 0 46 theme targeted 62:69 arg1 delivery 71:78 targeted delivery 62:78 targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to MG 63 cancer cells 62:129 Biocompatible nanogel derived from functionalized dextrin for targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to MG 63 cancer cells. 28578964 3 47 theme CHN 696:698 arg1 analyses 708:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 5 48 theme porous 910:915 arg1 morphology 917:926 the porous morphology 906:926 the porous morphology of the synthesized nanogel 906:953 The AFM study implied the porous morphology of the synthesized nanogel. 28578964 6 49 theme nanogel 1024:1030 arg1 behaviour 995:1003 the gel behaviour 987:1003 the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 987:1085 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 10 50 theme encapsulated 1617:1628 arg1 drug 1630:1633 the encapsulated drug 1613:1633 the encapsulated drug 1613:1633 The Dox-loaded nanogel demonstrates anti-cancer activity towards MG 63 cancer cells and release the encapsulated drug in a controlled way. 28578964 7 51 theme human 1215:1219 arg1 hMSCs 1245:1249 hMSCs 1245:1249 hMSCs 1245:1249 The in vitro cytocompatibility results ascertained that the nanogel is non-toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28578964 7 51 theme human 1215:1219 arg1 cells 1238:1242 human mesenchymal stem cells 1215:1242 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1215:1250 The in vitro cytocompatibility results ascertained that the nanogel is non-toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28578964 3 52 theme nanogel 618:624 arg1 morphology 600:609 morphology 600:609 morphology 600:609 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 3 52 theme nanogel 618:624 arg1 composition 587:597 composition 587:597 composition 587:597 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 3 52 theme nanogel 618:624 arg1 structure 576:584 The structure 572:584 The structure 572:584 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 6 53 theme synthesized 1012:1022 arg1 nanogel 1024:1030 the synthesized nanogel 1008:1030 the synthesized nanogel 1008:1030 The rheological study suggests the gel behaviour of the synthesized nanogel at 37±0.1°C. Difference in% swelling at pH 5.5 and 7.4 indicates pH-responsiveness of the nanogel. 28578964 1 54 theme biocompatible 330:342 arg1 nanogel 344:350 biocompatible nanogel 330:350 biocompatible nanogel 330:350 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 2 55 theme potassium 530:538 arg1 persulfate 540:549 potassium persulfate 530:549 potassium persulfate (KPS, as initiator) 530:569 The nanogel has been prepared through Michael-type addition reaction using dextrin (Dxt), N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, as crosslinker), acrylic acid (AA, as monomer) and potassium persulfate (KPS, as initiator). 28578964 9 56 theme % 1504:1504 arg1 efficiency 1484:1493 the loading efficiency 1472:1493 the loading efficiency of 27±0.2% after 72h 1472:1514 The nanogel could efficiently encapsulate doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) with the loading efficiency of 27±0.2% after 72h. 28578964 7 57 theme cytocompatibility 1144:1160 arg1 results 1162:1168 The in vitro cytocompatibility results 1131:1168 The in vitro cytocompatibility results 1131:1168 The in vitro cytocompatibility results ascertained that the nanogel is non-toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28578964 7 58 dep in 1135:1136 arg1 vitro 1138:1142 vitro 1138:1142 vitro 1138:1142 The in vitro cytocompatibility results ascertained that the nanogel is non-toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28578964 1 59 theme cell 245:248 arg1 MG 257:258 MG 63 257:261 MG 63 257:261 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 1 59 theme cell 245:248 arg1 lines 250:254 human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines 219:254 human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel 219:350 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 3 60 theme DSC 691:693 arg1 analyses 708:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 28578964 5 61 theme synthesized 935:945 arg1 nanogel 947:953 the synthesized nanogel 931:953 the synthesized nanogel 931:953 The AFM study implied the porous morphology of the synthesized nanogel. 28578964 8 62 theme FITC-loaded 1299:1309 arg1 nanogel 1311:1317 FITC-loaded nanogel 1299:1317 FITC-loaded nanogel 1299:1317 In vitro cellular uptake study confirmed that FITC-loaded nanogel can cross the cellular membrane and be well uptake by the cell cytoplasm. 28578964 10 63 theme anti-cancer 1553:1563 arg1 activity 1565:1572 anti-cancer activity 1553:1572 anti-cancer activity towards MG 63 cancer cells 1553:1599 The Dox-loaded nanogel demonstrates anti-cancer activity towards MG 63 cancer cells and release the encapsulated drug in a controlled way. 28578964 1 64 theme present 136:142 arg1 article 144:150 The present article 132:150 The present article 132:150 The present article demonstrates the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride to human osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (MG 63) using functionalized dextrin based crosslinked, pH responsive and biocompatible nanogel. 28578964 10 65 theme cancer 1588:1593 arg1 cells 1595:1599 MG 63 cancer cells 1582:1599 MG 63 cancer cells 1582:1599 The Dox-loaded nanogel demonstrates anti-cancer activity towards MG 63 cancer cells and release the encapsulated drug in a controlled way. 28578964 5 66 theme nanogel 947:953 arg1 morphology 917:926 the porous morphology 906:926 the porous morphology of the synthesized nanogel 906:953 The AFM study implied the porous morphology of the synthesized nanogel. 28578964 5 67 theme AFM 888:890 arg1 study 892:896 The AFM study 884:896 The AFM study 884:896 The AFM study implied the porous morphology of the synthesized nanogel. 28578964 7 68 theme in 1135:1136 arg1 results 1162:1168 The in vitro cytocompatibility results 1131:1168 The in vitro cytocompatibility results 1131:1168 The in vitro cytocompatibility results ascertained that the nanogel is non-toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28578964 7 69 theme stem 1233:1236 arg1 hMSCs 1245:1249 hMSCs 1245:1249 hMSCs 1245:1249 The in vitro cytocompatibility results ascertained that the nanogel is non-toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28578964 7 69 theme stem 1233:1236 arg1 cells 1238:1242 human mesenchymal stem cells 1215:1242 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 1215:1250 The in vitro cytocompatibility results ascertained that the nanogel is non-toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). 28578964 9 70 theme loading 1476:1482 arg1 efficiency 1484:1493 the loading efficiency 1472:1493 the loading efficiency of 27±0.2% after 72h 1472:1514 The nanogel could efficiently encapsulate doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) with the loading efficiency of 27±0.2% after 72h. 28578964 8 71 theme cell 1377:1380 arg1 cytoplasm 1382:1390 the cell cytoplasm 1373:1390 the cell cytoplasm 1373:1390 In vitro cellular uptake study confirmed that FITC-loaded nanogel can cross the cellular membrane and be well uptake by the cell cytoplasm. 28578964 4 72 theme nanogel 844:850 arg1 diameter 828:835 the diameter 824:835 the diameter of the nanogel 824:850 The TEM analysis confirmed that the size of nanogel appeared within 100nm, while DLS study indicates that the diameter of the nanogel remained between 113 and 126nm. 28578964 3 73 theme AFM 704:706 arg1 analyses 708:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses 651:715 The structure, composition, morphology of the nanogel have been explored using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, DSC, CHN and AFM analyses. 25089506 0 0 theme sodium 113:118 arg1 nanoparticles 140:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 25089506 3 1 theme high 598:601 arg1 activity 616:623 high fluorescence activity 598:623 high fluorescence activity 598:623 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 1 2 theme photodynamic 324:335 arg1 therapy 337:343 the photodynamic therapy 320:343 the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer 320:364 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 0 3 theme amphiphilic 101:111 arg1 nanoparticles 140:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 25089506 5 4 theme leading 759:765 arg1 role 767:770 a leading role 757:770 a leading role 757:770 Apoptosis played a leading role in the cell death process induced by the Photosan phototoxicity. 25089506 3 5 theme fluorescence 603:614 arg1 activity 616:623 high fluorescence activity 598:623 high fluorescence activity 598:623 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 0 6 theme derivative 129:138 arg1 nanoparticles 140:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 25089506 3 7 theme strong 678:683 arg1 phototoxicity 685:697 strong phototoxicity 678:697 strong phototoxicity 678:697 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 2 8 from nm 410:411 arg1 size 416:419 size 416:419 size 416:419 These nanoparticles are spherical, 150-250 nm in size as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and have negative zeta potentials. 25089506 3 9 theme species 645:651 arg1 generation 653:662 reactive oxygen species generation 629:662 reactive oxygen species generation 629:662 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 0 10 theme alginate 120:127 arg1 nanoparticles 140:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 25089506 1 11 theme pancreatic 348:357 arg1 cancer 359:364 pancreatic cancer 348:364 pancreatic cancer 348:364 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 3 12 theme reactive 629:636 arg1 species 645:651 reactive oxygen species 629:651 reactive oxygen species generation 629:662 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 3 13 theme oxygen 638:643 arg1 species 645:651 reactive oxygen species 629:651 reactive oxygen species generation 629:662 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 3 14 theme human 528:532 arg1 cells 552:556 human pancreatic cancer cells 528:556 human pancreatic cancer cells 528:556 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 5 15 theme cell 779:782 arg1 process 790:796 the cell death process 775:796 the cell death process induced by the Photosan phototoxicity 775:834 Apoptosis played a leading role in the cell death process induced by the Photosan phototoxicity. 25089506 1 16 theme cancer 359:364 arg1 therapy 337:343 the photodynamic therapy 320:343 the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer 320:364 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 2 17 dep nm 410:411 arg1 determined 424:433 determined 424:433 determined by transmission electron microscopy 424:469 These nanoparticles are spherical, 150-250 nm in size as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and have negative zeta potentials. 25089506 0 18 theme phototoxicity 15:27 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 0:153 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 25089506 1 19 theme derivative 212:221 arg1 nanoparticles 239:251 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles 155:251 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles 155:251 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 0 20 theme pancreatic 43:52 arg1 cells 61:65 human pancreatic cancer cells 37:65 human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 37:152 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 25089506 3 21 theme pancreatic 534:543 arg1 cells 552:556 human pancreatic cancer cells 528:556 human pancreatic cancer cells 528:556 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 2 22 theme zeta 490:493 arg1 potentials 495:504 negative zeta potentials 481:504 negative zeta potentials 481:504 These nanoparticles are spherical, 150-250 nm in size as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and have negative zeta potentials. 25089506 0 23 theme human 37:41 arg1 cells 61:65 human pancreatic cancer cells 37:65 human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 37:152 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 25089506 5 24 theme Photosan 813:820 arg1 phototoxicity 822:834 the Photosan phototoxicity 809:834 the Photosan phototoxicity 809:834 Apoptosis played a leading role in the cell death process induced by the Photosan phototoxicity. 25089506 6 25 theme Photosan-CSAD 872:884 arg1 nanoparticles 886:898 the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles 868:898 the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles 868:898 These results demonstrate that the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles are a candidate for the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 6 25 theme Photosan-CSAD 872:884 arg1 candidate 906:914 a candidate 904:914 a candidate for the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer 904:964 These results demonstrate that the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles are a candidate for the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 2 26 theme negative 481:488 arg1 potentials 495:504 negative zeta potentials 481:504 negative zeta potentials 481:504 These nanoparticles are spherical, 150-250 nm in size as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and have negative zeta potentials. 25089506 2 27 contain have 476:479 arg1 nanoparticles 373:385 These nanoparticles 367:385 These nanoparticles 367:385 These nanoparticles are spherical, 150-250 nm in size as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and have negative zeta potentials. 25089506 2 27 contain have 476:479 arg2 potentials 495:504 negative zeta potentials 481:504 negative zeta potentials 481:504 These nanoparticles are spherical, 150-250 nm in size as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and have negative zeta potentials. 25089506 1 28 theme Photosensitizer-encapsulated 155:182 arg1 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 1 28 theme Photosensitizer-encapsulated 155:182 arg1 derivative 212:221 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative 155:221 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles 155:251 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 0 29 theme cancer 54:59 arg1 cells 61:65 human pancreatic cancer cells 37:65 human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 37:152 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 25089506 3 30 with incubation 512:521 arg1 cells 552:556 human pancreatic cancer cells 528:556 human pancreatic cancer cells 528:556 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 1 31 theme amphiphilic 184:194 arg1 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 1 31 theme amphiphilic 184:194 arg1 derivative 212:221 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative 155:221 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles 155:251 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 5 32 theme death 784:788 arg1 process 790:796 the cell death process 775:796 the cell death process induced by the Photosan phototoxicity 775:834 Apoptosis played a leading role in the cell death process induced by the Photosan phototoxicity. 25089506 6 33 theme cancer 959:964 arg1 therapy 937:943 the photodynamic therapy 920:943 the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer 920:964 These results demonstrate that the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles are a candidate for the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 6 34 theme photodynamic 924:935 arg1 therapy 937:943 the photodynamic therapy 920:943 the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer 920:964 These results demonstrate that the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles are a candidate for the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 1 35 theme sodium 196:201 arg1 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 1 35 theme sodium 196:201 arg1 derivative 212:221 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative 155:221 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles 155:251 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 4 36 theme dark 712:715 arg1 toxicity 717:724 no dark toxicity 709:724 no dark toxicity 709:724 However, no dark toxicity was observed. 25089506 6 37 theme pancreatic 948:957 arg1 cancer 959:964 pancreatic cancer 948:964 pancreatic cancer 948:964 These results demonstrate that the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles are a candidate for the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 0 38 with cells 61:65 arg1 nanoparticles 140:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 25089506 1 39 theme alginate 203:210 arg1 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosan-CSAD 224:236 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 1 39 theme alginate 203:210 arg1 derivative 212:221 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative 155:221 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles 155:251 Photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative (Photosan-CSAD) nanoparticles were prepared because of their ability to enhance phototoxicity in the photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer. 25089506 0 40 theme photosensitizer-encapsulated 72:99 arg1 nanoparticles 140:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles 72:152 Enhancement of phototoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells with photosensitizer-encapsulated amphiphilic sodium alginate derivative nanoparticles. 25089506 3 41 theme cancer 545:550 arg1 cells 552:556 human pancreatic cancer cells 528:556 human pancreatic cancer cells 528:556 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 2 42 theme electron 451:458 arg1 microscopy 460:469 transmission electron microscopy 438:469 transmission electron microscopy 438:469 These nanoparticles are spherical, 150-250 nm in size as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and have negative zeta potentials. 25089506 3 43 theme Photosan-CSAD 563:575 arg1 nanoparticles 577:589 the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles 559:589 the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles 559:589 Upon incubation with human pancreatic cancer cells, the Photosan-CSAD nanoparticles showed high fluorescence activity and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in strong phototoxicity. 25089506 2 44 theme transmission 438:449 arg1 microscopy 460:469 transmission electron microscopy 438:469 transmission electron microscopy 438:469 These nanoparticles are spherical, 150-250 nm in size as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and have negative zeta potentials. 29276171 5 0 theme longum 732:737 arg1 administration 698:711 administration 698:711 administration of Bifidobacterium longum 698:737 In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. 29276171 1 1 theme bacteria 260:267 arg1 trillions 243:251 trillions 243:251 trillions of gut bacteria 243:267 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 29276171 7 2 with diseases 1040:1047 arg1 layer 1072:1076 an affected mucus layer 1054:1076 an affected mucus layer 1054:1076 If confirmed in humans, these findings may help to better understand diseases with an affected mucus layer, such as ulcerative colitis. 29276171 7 3 theme ulcerative 1087:1096 arg1 colitis 1098:1104 ulcerative colitis 1087:1104 ulcerative colitis 1087:1104 If confirmed in humans, these findings may help to better understand diseases with an affected mucus layer, such as ulcerative colitis. 29276171 3 4 theme altered 458:464 arg1 composition 485:495 an altered colonic microbiota composition 455:495 an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer 455:582 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 3 5 theme colonic 466:472 arg1 composition 485:495 an altered colonic microbiota composition 455:495 an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer 455:582 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 5 6 theme mucus 765:769 arg1 growth 771:776 sufficient to restore mucus growth 743:776 sufficient to restore mucus growth 743:776 In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. 29276171 3 7 theme increased 509:517 arg1 penetrability 519:531 increased penetrability 509:531 increased penetrability 509:531 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 1 8 theme gut 157:159 arg1 bacteria 161:168 gut bacteria 157:168 gut bacteria 157:168 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 29276171 4 9 theme chow-fed 656:663 arg1 mice 665:668 chow-fed mice 656:668 chow-fed mice 656:668 Both barrier defects can be prevented by transplanting microbiota from chow-fed mice. 29276171 7 10 theme mucus 1066:1070 arg1 layer 1072:1076 an affected mucus layer 1054:1076 an affected mucus layer 1054:1076 If confirmed in humans, these findings may help to better understand diseases with an affected mucus layer, such as ulcerative colitis. 29276171 5 11 theme fiber 809:813 arg1 inulin 815:820 the fiber inulin 805:820 the fiber inulin 805:820 In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. 29276171 1 12 theme colonic 188:194 arg1 layer 202:206 the colonic mucus layer 184:206 the colonic mucus layer 184:206 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 29276171 1 12 theme colonic 188:194 arg1 barrier 220:226 a physical barrier 209:226 a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host 209:281 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 29276171 3 13 contain have 450:453 arg2 composition 485:495 an altered colonic microbiota composition 455:495 an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer 455:582 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 3 13 contain have 450:453 arg1 mice 435:438 mice 435:438 mice fed a WSD 435:448 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 5 14 theme sufficient 743:752 arg1 growth 771:776 sufficient to restore mucus growth 743:776 sufficient to restore mucus growth 743:776 In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. 29276171 1 15 theme mucus 196:200 arg1 layer 202:206 the colonic mucus layer 184:206 the colonic mucus layer 184:206 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 29276171 1 15 theme mucus 196:200 arg1 barrier 220:226 a physical barrier 209:226 a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host 209:281 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 29276171 2 16 theme Western 317:323 arg1 WSD 337:339 WSD 337:339 WSD 337:339 However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. 29276171 2 16 theme Western 317:323 arg1 diet 331:334 a Western style diet 315:334 a Western style diet (WSD) 315:340 However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. 29276171 6 17 theme mucus 955:959 arg1 function 961:968 proper mucus function 948:968 proper mucus function 948:968 We hypothesize that the presence of distinct bacteria is crucial for proper mucus function. 29276171 7 18 theme affected 1057:1064 arg1 layer 1072:1076 an affected mucus layer 1054:1076 an affected mucus layer 1054:1076 If confirmed in humans, these findings may help to better understand diseases with an affected mucus layer, such as ulcerative colitis. 29276171 5 19 theme increased 832:840 arg1 penetrability 848:860 increased mucus penetrability 832:860 increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice 832:876 In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. 29276171 3 20 theme reduced 539:545 arg1 rate 554:557 a reduced growth rate 537:557 a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer 537:582 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 2 21 theme gut 343:345 arg1 composition 358:368 gut microbiota composition 343:368 gut microbiota composition 343:368 However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. 29276171 1 22 theme gut 125:127 arg1 composition 140:150 gut microbiota composition 125:150 gut microbiota composition 125:150 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 29276171 4 23 theme barrier 590:596 arg1 defects 598:604 Both barrier defects 585:604 defects 598:604 Both barrier defects can be prevented by transplanting microbiota from chow-fed mice. 29276171 1 24 theme microbiota 129:138 arg1 composition 140:150 gut microbiota composition 125:150 gut microbiota composition 125:150 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 29276171 1 25 theme physical 211:218 arg1 layer 202:206 the colonic mucus layer 184:206 the colonic mucus layer 184:206 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 29276171 1 25 theme physical 211:218 arg1 barrier 220:226 a physical barrier 209:226 a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host 209:281 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 29276171 0 26 theme Diet-Induced 41:52 arg1 Deterioration 88:100 Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration 41:100 Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration 41:100 Bifidobacteria or Fiber Protects against Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration. 29276171 5 27 theme inulin 815:820 arg1 administration 787:800 administration 787:800 administration of the fiber inulin 787:820 In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. 29276171 2 28 theme mucus 390:394 arg1 layer 396:400 the intestinal mucus layer 375:400 the intestinal mucus layer 375:400 However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. 29276171 5 29 theme to restore 754:763 arg1 growth 771:776 sufficient to restore mucus growth 743:776 sufficient to restore mucus growth 743:776 In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. 29276171 4 30 dep defects 598:604 arg1 Both 585:588 Both 585:588 Both 585:588 Both barrier defects can be prevented by transplanting microbiota from chow-fed mice. 29276171 2 31 theme intestinal 379:388 arg1 layer 396:400 the intestinal mucus layer 375:400 the intestinal mucus layer 375:400 However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. 29276171 0 32 theme Colonic 74:80 arg1 Deterioration 88:100 Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration 41:100 Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration 41:100 Bifidobacteria or Fiber Protects against Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration. 29276171 5 33 theme WSD-fed 865:871 arg1 mice 873:876 WSD-fed mice 865:876 WSD-fed mice 865:876 In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. 29276171 6 34 theme proper 948:953 arg1 function 961:968 proper mucus function 948:968 proper mucus function 948:968 We hypothesize that the presence of distinct bacteria is crucial for proper mucus function. 29276171 3 35 theme growth 547:552 arg1 rate 554:557 a reduced growth rate 537:557 a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer 537:582 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 0 36 theme Microbiota-Mediated 54:72 arg1 Deterioration 88:100 Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration 41:100 Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration 41:100 Bifidobacteria or Fiber Protects against Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration. 29276171 6 37 theme distinct 915:922 arg1 bacteria 924:931 distinct bacteria 915:931 distinct bacteria 915:931 We hypothesize that the presence of distinct bacteria is crucial for proper mucus function. 29276171 3 38 theme layer 578:582 arg1 rate 554:557 a reduced growth rate 537:557 a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer 537:582 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 3 38 theme layer 578:582 arg1 penetrability 519:531 increased penetrability 509:531 increased penetrability 509:531 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 5 39 from penetrability 848:860 arg1 mice 873:876 WSD-fed mice 865:876 WSD-fed mice 865:876 In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. 29276171 2 40 theme style 325:329 arg1 WSD 337:339 WSD 337:339 WSD 337:339 However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. 29276171 2 40 theme style 325:329 arg1 diet 331:334 a Western style diet 315:334 a Western style diet (WSD) 315:340 However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. 29276171 3 41 theme inner 566:570 arg1 layer 578:582 the inner mucus layer 562:582 the inner mucus layer 562:582 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 2 42 theme microbiota 347:356 arg1 composition 358:368 gut microbiota composition 343:368 gut microbiota composition 343:368 However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. 29276171 5 43 theme mucus 842:846 arg1 penetrability 848:860 increased mucus penetrability 832:860 increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice 832:876 In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. 29276171 0 44 theme Mucus 82:86 arg1 Deterioration 88:100 Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration 41:100 Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration 41:100 Bifidobacteria or Fiber Protects against Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration. 29276171 3 45 theme mucus 572:576 arg1 layer 578:582 the inner mucus layer 562:582 the inner mucus layer 562:582 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 3 46 theme microbiota 474:483 arg1 composition 485:495 an altered colonic microbiota composition 455:495 an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer 455:582 Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. 29276171 6 47 theme bacteria 924:931 arg1 crucial 936:942 crucial 936:942 crucial 936:942 We hypothesize that the presence of distinct bacteria is crucial for proper mucus function. 29276171 6 47 theme bacteria 924:931 arg1 presence 903:910 the presence 899:910 the presence of distinct bacteria 899:931 We hypothesize that the presence of distinct bacteria is crucial for proper mucus function. 29276171 1 48 theme gut 256:258 arg1 bacteria 260:267 gut bacteria 256:267 gut bacteria 256:267 Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. 26978457 5 0 theme elevating 585:593 arg1 concentrations 595:608 further elevating concentrations 577:608 further elevating concentrations of protective components 577:633 However, it remains unknown whether thermophilic species respond to HS by further elevating concentrations of protective components. 26978457 2 1 theme cellular 252:259 arg1 membranes 261:269 cellular membranes 252:269 cellular membranes 252:269 It includes substantial changes in the composition of cellular membranes, proteins and soluble carbohydrates. 26978457 8 2 theme PA 1200:1201 arg1 proportion 1186:1195 the proportion 1182:1195 the proportion of PA and St 1182:1208 In response to HS, the proportion of PA and St increased, and the amount of PC and PE decreased. 26978457 10 3 theme total 1477:1481 arg1 carbohydrates 1483:1495 the total carbohydrates 1473:1495 the total carbohydrates 1473:1495 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 1 4 theme organisms 163:171 arg1 response 134:141 The heat shock (HS) response 114:141 The heat shock (HS) response 114:141 The heat shock (HS) response is an adaptation of organisms to elevated temperature. 26978457 1 4 theme organisms 163:171 arg1 adaptation 149:158 an adaptation 146:158 an adaptation of organisms to elevated temperature 146:195 The heat shock (HS) response is an adaptation of organisms to elevated temperature. 26978457 8 5 theme St 1207:1208 arg1 proportion 1186:1195 the proportion 1182:1195 the proportion of PA and St 1182:1208 In response to HS, the proportion of PA and St increased, and the amount of PC and PE decreased. 26978457 7 6 theme membrane 1056:1063 arg1 lipids 1065:1070 the membrane lipids 1052:1070 the membrane lipids 1052:1070 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 1 7 theme elevated 176:183 arg1 temperature 185:195 elevated temperature 176:195 elevated temperature 176:195 The heat shock (HS) response is an adaptation of organisms to elevated temperature. 26978457 12 8 theme studied 1788:1794 arg1 fungi 1821:1825 the studied filamentous thermophilic fungi 1784:1825 the studied filamentous thermophilic fungi 1784:1825 This pattern of changes appears to be conserved in the studied filamentous thermophilic fungi. 26978457 6 9 theme carbohydrates 691:703 arg1 composition 656:666 the composition 652:666 the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С) 652:869 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 2 10 theme substantial 210:220 arg1 proteins 272:279 proteins 272:279 proteins 272:279 It includes substantial changes in the composition of cellular membranes, proteins and soluble carbohydrates. 26978457 2 10 theme substantial 210:220 arg1 changes 222:228 substantial changes 210:228 substantial changes in the composition of cellular membranes 210:269 It includes substantial changes in the composition of cellular membranes, proteins and soluble carbohydrates. 26978457 2 10 theme substantial 210:220 arg1 carbohydrates 293:305 soluble carbohydrates 285:305 soluble carbohydrates 285:305 It includes substantial changes in the composition of cellular membranes, proteins and soluble carbohydrates. 26978457 12 11 theme thermophilic 1808:1819 arg1 fungi 1821:1825 the studied filamentous thermophilic fungi 1784:1825 the studied filamentous thermophilic fungi 1784:1825 This pattern of changes appears to be conserved in the studied filamentous thermophilic fungi. 26978457 7 12 theme main 1033:1036 arg1 phosphatidylcholines 1087:1106 phosphatidylcholines 1087:1106 phosphatidylcholines (PC) 1087:1111 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 12 theme main 1033:1036 arg1 sterols 1149:1155 sterols 1149:1155 sterols (St) 1149:1160 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 12 theme main 1033:1036 arg1 acids 983:987 phosphatidic acids 970:987 phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total) 970:1015 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 12 theme main 1033:1036 arg1 components 1038:1047 the main components 1029:1047 the main components of the membrane lipids 1029:1070 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 12 theme main 1033:1036 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamines 1114:1138 phosphatidylethanolamines 1114:1138 phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) 1114:1143 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 1 13 theme heat 118:121 arg1 shock 123:127 heat shock 118:127 The heat shock (HS) response 114:141 The heat shock (HS) response is an adaptation of organisms to elevated temperature. 26978457 1 13 theme heat 118:121 arg1 HS 130:131 HS 130:131 HS 130:131 The heat shock (HS) response is an adaptation of organisms to elevated temperature. 26978457 6 14 theme cytosol 683:689 arg1 carbohydrates 691:703 the soluble cytosol carbohydrates 671:703 the soluble cytosol carbohydrates 671:703 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 10 15 dep % 1454:1454 arg1 carbohydrates 1483:1495 the total carbohydrates 1473:1495 the total carbohydrates 1473:1495 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 10 15 dep % 1454:1454 arg1 % 1468:1468 60-95 % 1462:1468 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates 1462:1495 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 10 16 contain contained 1413:1421 arg2 levels 1428:1433 high levels 1423:1433 high levels 1423:1433 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 10 16 contain contained 1413:1421 arg2 hallmark 1510:1517 a hallmark 1508:1517 a hallmark of thermophilia 1508:1533 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 10 16 contain contained 1413:1421 arg1 mycelium 1367:1374 The mycelium 1363:1374 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures 1363:1411 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 4 17 theme mechanisms 440:449 arg1 mechanisms 440:449 those mechanisms 434:449 those mechanisms 434:449 Many of those mechanisms are common for thermotolerance and the HS response. 26978457 4 17 theme mechanisms 440:449 arg1 Many 426:429 Many 426:429 Many 426:429 Many of those mechanisms are common for thermotolerance and the HS response. 26978457 5 18 theme thermophilic 539:550 arg1 species 552:558 thermophilic species 539:558 thermophilic species 539:558 However, it remains unknown whether thermophilic species respond to HS by further elevating concentrations of protective components. 26978457 10 19 from temperatures 1400:1411 arg1 mycelium 1367:1374 The mycelium 1363:1374 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures 1363:1411 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 0 20 theme soluble 63:69 arg1 carbohydrates 71:83 soluble carbohydrates 63:83 soluble carbohydrates 63:83 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 26978457 5 21 theme protective 613:622 arg1 components 624:633 protective components 613:633 protective components 613:633 However, it remains unknown whether thermophilic species respond to HS by further elevating concentrations of protective components. 26978457 3 22 theme thermophilic 348:359 arg1 organisms 361:369 thermophilic organisms 348:369 thermophilic organisms 348:369 To protect the cellular macromolecules, thermophilic organisms have evolved mechanisms of persistent thermotolerance. 26978457 7 23 dep sterols 1149:1155 arg1 St 1158:1159 St 1158:1159 St 1158:1159 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 24 theme acids 983:987 arg1 proportion 956:965 a high proportion 949:965 a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St) 949:1160 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 10 25 theme fungi 1383:1387 arg1 mycelium 1367:1374 The mycelium 1363:1374 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures 1363:1411 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 6 26 theme fungi 745:749 arg1 tauricus 762:769 the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus 728:769 the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus 728:769 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 10 27 theme thermophilia 1522:1533 arg1 levels 1428:1433 high levels 1423:1433 high levels 1423:1433 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 10 27 theme thermophilia 1522:1533 arg1 hallmark 1510:1517 a hallmark 1508:1517 a hallmark of thermophilia 1508:1533 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 5 28 theme further 577:583 arg1 concentrations 595:608 further elevating concentrations 577:608 further elevating concentrations of protective components 577:633 However, it remains unknown whether thermophilic species respond to HS by further elevating concentrations of protective components. 26978457 2 29 from changes 222:228 arg1 composition 237:247 the composition 233:247 the composition of cellular membranes 233:269 It includes substantial changes in the composition of cellular membranes, proteins and soluble carbohydrates. 26978457 0 30 theme Heat 0:3 arg1 response 11:18 Heat shock response 0:18 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 0:112 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 26978457 12 31 theme changes 1749:1755 arg1 pattern 1738:1744 This pattern 1733:1744 This pattern of changes 1733:1755 This pattern of changes appears to be conserved in the studied filamentous thermophilic fungi. 26978457 7 32 theme high 951:954 arg1 proportion 956:965 a high proportion 949:965 a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St) 949:1160 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 6 33 theme lipids 718:723 arg1 composition 656:666 the composition 652:666 the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С) 652:869 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 10 34 theme optimum 1392:1398 arg1 temperatures 1400:1411 optimum temperatures 1392:1411 optimum temperatures 1392:1411 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 11 35 theme heat 1569:1572 arg1 exposure 1574:1581 heat exposure 1569:1581 heat exposure 1569:1581 In contrast to mesophilic fungi, heat exposure decreased the trehalose level and the fungi did not acquire thermotolerance to lethal HS, indicating that trehalose plays a key role in this process. 26978457 0 36 theme thermophilic 23:34 arg1 fungi 36:40 thermophilic fungi 23:40 thermophilic fungi 23:40 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 26978457 3 37 theme persistent 398:407 arg1 thermotolerance 409:423 persistent thermotolerance 398:423 persistent thermotolerance 398:423 To protect the cellular macromolecules, thermophilic organisms have evolved mechanisms of persistent thermotolerance. 26978457 10 38 theme trehalose 1438:1446 arg1 levels 1428:1433 high levels 1423:1433 high levels 1423:1433 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 10 38 theme trehalose 1438:1446 arg1 hallmark 1510:1517 a hallmark 1508:1517 a hallmark of thermophilia 1508:1533 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 6 39 theme conditions 824:833 arg1 lipids 718:723 membrane lipids 709:723 membrane lipids 709:723 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 6 39 theme conditions 824:833 arg1 carbohydrates 691:703 the soluble cytosol carbohydrates 671:703 the soluble cytosol carbohydrates 671:703 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 7 40 theme phosphatidylethanolamines 1114:1138 arg1 proportion 956:965 a high proportion 949:965 a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St) 949:1160 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 11 41 theme trehalose 1597:1605 arg1 level 1607:1611 the trehalose level 1593:1611 the trehalose level 1593:1611 In contrast to mesophilic fungi, heat exposure decreased the trehalose level and the fungi did not acquire thermotolerance to lethal HS, indicating that trehalose plays a key role in this process. 26978457 6 42 theme optimum 804:810 arg1 temperature 812:822 Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature 775:822 Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature 775:822 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 9 43 theme acid 1295:1298 arg1 desaturation 1300:1311 fatty acid desaturation 1289:1311 fatty acid desaturation 1289:1311 No decrease in the degree of fatty acid desaturation in the major phospholipids under HS was detected. 26978457 0 44 dep response 11:18 arg1 lipids 52:57 membrane lipids 43:57 membrane lipids 43:57 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 26978457 0 44 dep response 11:18 arg1 carbohydrates 71:83 soluble carbohydrates 63:83 soluble carbohydrates 63:83 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 26978457 6 45 theme Myceliophthora 775:788 arg1 temperature 812:822 Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature 775:822 Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature 775:822 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 6 46 theme tauricus 762:769 arg1 conditions 824:833 the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions 728:833 the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С) 728:844 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 6 46 theme tauricus 762:769 arg1 °С 842:843 41-43 °С 836:843 41-43 °С 836:843 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 9 47 theme major 1320:1324 arg1 phospholipids 1326:1338 the major phospholipids 1316:1338 the major phospholipids under HS 1316:1347 No decrease in the degree of fatty acid desaturation in the major phospholipids under HS was detected. 26978457 7 48 theme phosphatidylcholines 1087:1106 arg1 proportion 956:965 a high proportion 949:965 a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St) 949:1160 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 49 theme membrane 901:908 arg1 composition 916:926 the membrane lipid composition 897:926 the membrane lipid composition 897:926 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 2 50 theme membranes 261:269 arg1 composition 237:247 the composition 233:247 the composition of cellular membranes 233:269 It includes substantial changes in the composition of cellular membranes, proteins and soluble carbohydrates. 26978457 10 51 theme carbohydrates 1483:1495 arg1 carbohydrates 1483:1495 the total carbohydrates 1473:1495 the total carbohydrates 1473:1495 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 10 51 theme carbohydrates 1483:1495 arg1 % 1468:1468 60-95 % 1462:1468 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates 1462:1495 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 7 52 theme lipids 1065:1070 arg1 phosphatidylcholines 1087:1106 phosphatidylcholines 1087:1106 phosphatidylcholines (PC) 1087:1111 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 52 theme lipids 1065:1070 arg1 sterols 1149:1155 sterols 1149:1155 sterols (St) 1149:1160 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 52 theme lipids 1065:1070 arg1 acids 983:987 phosphatidic acids 970:987 phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total) 970:1015 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 52 theme lipids 1065:1070 arg1 components 1038:1047 the main components 1029:1047 the main components of the membrane lipids 1029:1070 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 52 theme lipids 1065:1070 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamines 1114:1138 phosphatidylethanolamines 1114:1138 phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) 1114:1143 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 53 theme optimum 875:881 arg1 temperatures 883:894 optimum temperatures 875:894 optimum temperatures 875:894 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 2 54 theme soluble 285:291 arg1 changes 222:228 substantial changes 210:228 substantial changes in the composition of cellular membranes 210:269 It includes substantial changes in the composition of cellular membranes, proteins and soluble carbohydrates. 26978457 2 54 theme soluble 285:291 arg1 carbohydrates 293:305 soluble carbohydrates 285:305 soluble carbohydrates 285:305 It includes substantial changes in the composition of cellular membranes, proteins and soluble carbohydrates. 26978457 11 55 theme lethal 1662:1667 arg1 HS 1669:1670 lethal HS 1662:1670 lethal HS 1662:1670 In contrast to mesophilic fungi, heat exposure decreased the trehalose level and the fungi did not acquire thermotolerance to lethal HS, indicating that trehalose plays a key role in this process. 26978457 7 56 dep together 1073:1080 arg1 with 1082:1085 with 1082:1085 with 1082:1085 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 12 57 theme filamentous 1796:1806 arg1 fungi 1821:1825 the studied filamentous thermophilic fungi 1784:1825 the studied filamentous thermophilic fungi 1784:1825 This pattern of changes appears to be conserved in the studied filamentous thermophilic fungi. 26978457 7 58 dep acids 983:987 arg1 % 1001:1001 20-35 % 995:1001 20-35 % of the total 995:1014 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 58 dep acids 983:987 arg1 total 1010:1014 total 1010:1014 total 1010:1014 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 59 theme total 1010:1014 arg1 % 1001:1001 20-35 % 995:1001 20-35 % of the total 995:1014 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 59 theme total 1010:1014 arg1 total 1010:1014 total 1010:1014 total 1010:1014 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 1 60 theme shock 123:127 arg1 response 134:141 The heat shock (HS) response 114:141 The heat shock (HS) response 114:141 The heat shock (HS) response is an adaptation of organisms to elevated temperature. 26978457 1 60 theme shock 123:127 arg1 adaptation 149:158 an adaptation 146:158 an adaptation of organisms to elevated temperature 146:195 The heat shock (HS) response is an adaptation of organisms to elevated temperature. 26978457 6 61 theme soluble 675:681 arg1 carbohydrates 691:703 the soluble cytosol carbohydrates 671:703 the soluble cytosol carbohydrates 671:703 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 3 62 theme cellular 323:330 arg1 macromolecules 332:345 the cellular macromolecules 319:345 the cellular macromolecules 319:345 To protect the cellular macromolecules, thermophilic organisms have evolved mechanisms of persistent thermotolerance. 26978457 8 63 theme PC 1239:1240 arg1 amount 1229:1234 the amount 1225:1234 the amount of PC and PE 1225:1247 In response to HS, the proportion of PA and St increased, and the amount of PC and PE decreased. 26978457 8 63 theme PC 1239:1240 arg1 PE 1246:1247 PE 1246:1247 PE 1246:1247 In response to HS, the proportion of PA and St increased, and the amount of PC and PE decreased. 26978457 8 63 theme PC 1239:1240 arg1 PC 1239:1240 PC 1239:1240 PC 1239:1240 In response to HS, the proportion of PA and St increased, and the amount of PC and PE decreased. 26978457 10 64 dep trehalose 1438:1446 arg1 % 1454:1454 8-10 % 1449:1454 8-10 % 1449:1454 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 10 64 dep trehalose 1438:1446 arg1 w/w 1457:1459 w/w 1457:1459 w/w 1457:1459 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 8 65 theme PE 1246:1247 arg1 amount 1229:1234 the amount 1225:1234 the amount of PC and PE 1225:1247 In response to HS, the proportion of PA and St increased, and the amount of PC and PE decreased. 26978457 8 65 theme PE 1246:1247 arg1 PE 1246:1247 PE 1246:1247 PE 1246:1247 In response to HS, the proportion of PA and St increased, and the amount of PC and PE decreased. 26978457 8 65 theme PE 1246:1247 arg1 PC 1239:1240 PC 1239:1240 PC 1239:1240 In response to HS, the proportion of PA and St increased, and the amount of PC and PE decreased. 26978457 0 66 theme elevated 91:98 arg1 temperatures 100:111 elevated temperatures 91:111 elevated temperatures 91:111 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 26978457 5 67 theme components 624:633 arg1 concentrations 595:608 further elevating concentrations 577:608 further elevating concentrations of protective components 577:633 However, it remains unknown whether thermophilic species respond to HS by further elevating concentrations of protective components. 26978457 4 68 theme HS 490:491 arg1 response 493:500 the HS response 486:500 the HS response 486:500 Many of those mechanisms are common for thermotolerance and the HS response. 26978457 6 69 theme Rhizomucor 751:760 arg1 tauricus 762:769 the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus 728:769 the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus 728:769 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 9 70 from decrease 1263:1270 arg1 degree 1279:1284 the degree 1275:1284 the degree of fatty acid desaturation 1275:1311 No decrease in the degree of fatty acid desaturation in the major phospholipids under HS was detected. 26978457 9 70 from decrease 1263:1270 arg1 phospholipids 1326:1338 the major phospholipids 1316:1338 the major phospholipids under HS 1316:1347 No decrease in the degree of fatty acid desaturation in the major phospholipids under HS was detected. 26978457 9 71 theme desaturation 1300:1311 arg1 degree 1279:1284 the degree 1275:1284 the degree of fatty acid desaturation 1275:1311 No decrease in the degree of fatty acid desaturation in the major phospholipids under HS was detected. 26978457 6 72 theme thermophilic 732:743 arg1 tauricus 762:769 the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus 728:769 the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus 728:769 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 0 73 theme shock 5:9 arg1 response 11:18 Heat shock response 0:18 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 0:112 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 26978457 7 74 theme phosphatidic 970:981 arg1 acids 983:987 phosphatidic acids 970:987 phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total) 970:1015 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 74 theme phosphatidic 970:981 arg1 PA 990:991 PA 990:991 PA 990:991 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 74 theme phosphatidic 970:981 arg1 sterols 1149:1155 sterols 1149:1155 sterols (St) 1149:1160 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 74 theme phosphatidic 970:981 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamines 1114:1138 phosphatidylethanolamines 1114:1138 phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) 1114:1143 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 74 theme phosphatidic 970:981 arg1 components 1038:1047 the main components 1029:1047 the main components of the membrane lipids 1029:1070 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 74 theme phosphatidic 970:981 arg1 phosphatidylcholines 1087:1106 phosphatidylcholines 1087:1106 phosphatidylcholines (PC) 1087:1111 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 8 75 dep HS 1178:1179 arg1 response 1166:1173 response 1166:1173 response 1166:1173 In response to HS, the proportion of PA and St increased, and the amount of PC and PE decreased. 26978457 6 76 theme membrane 709:716 arg1 lipids 718:723 membrane lipids 709:723 membrane lipids 709:723 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 0 77 theme fungi 36:40 arg1 response 11:18 Heat shock response 0:18 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 0:112 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 26978457 11 78 theme mesophilic 1551:1560 arg1 fungi 1562:1566 mesophilic fungi 1551:1566 mesophilic fungi 1551:1566 In contrast to mesophilic fungi, heat exposure decreased the trehalose level and the fungi did not acquire thermotolerance to lethal HS, indicating that trehalose plays a key role in this process. 26978457 0 79 theme membrane 43:50 arg1 lipids 52:57 membrane lipids 43:57 membrane lipids 43:57 Heat shock response of thermophilic fungi: membrane lipids and soluble carbohydrates under elevated temperatures. 26978457 3 80 theme thermotolerance 409:423 arg1 mechanisms 384:393 mechanisms 384:393 mechanisms of persistent thermotolerance 384:423 To protect the cellular macromolecules, thermophilic organisms have evolved mechanisms of persistent thermotolerance. 26978457 6 81 theme temperature 812:822 arg1 conditions 824:833 the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions 728:833 the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С) 728:844 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 6 81 theme temperature 812:822 arg1 °С 842:843 41-43 °С 836:843 41-43 °С 836:843 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 9 82 theme fatty 1289:1293 arg1 desaturation 1300:1311 fatty acid desaturation 1289:1311 fatty acid desaturation 1289:1311 No decrease in the degree of fatty acid desaturation in the major phospholipids under HS was detected. 26978457 10 83 theme high 1423:1426 arg1 levels 1428:1433 high levels 1423:1433 high levels 1423:1433 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 10 83 theme high 1423:1426 arg1 hallmark 1510:1517 a hallmark 1508:1517 a hallmark of thermophilia 1508:1533 The mycelium of all fungi at optimum temperatures contained high levels of trehalose (8-10 %, w/w; 60-95 % of the total carbohydrates), which is a hallmark of thermophilia. 26978457 6 84 theme thermophilaat 790:802 arg1 temperature 812:822 Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature 775:822 Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature 775:822 We investigated the composition of the soluble cytosol carbohydrates and membrane lipids of the thermophilic fungi Rhizomucor tauricus and Myceliophthora thermophilaat optimum temperature conditions (41-43 °С), and under HS (51-53 °С). 26978457 11 85 theme key 1707:1709 arg1 role 1711:1714 a key role 1705:1714 a key role 1705:1714 In contrast to mesophilic fungi, heat exposure decreased the trehalose level and the fungi did not acquire thermotolerance to lethal HS, indicating that trehalose plays a key role in this process. 26978457 11 86 dep fungi 1562:1566 arg1 contrast 1539:1546 contrast 1539:1546 contrast 1539:1546 In contrast to mesophilic fungi, heat exposure decreased the trehalose level and the fungi did not acquire thermotolerance to lethal HS, indicating that trehalose plays a key role in this process. 26978457 7 87 theme sterols 1149:1155 arg1 proportion 956:965 a high proportion 949:965 a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St) 949:1160 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 26978457 7 88 theme lipid 910:914 arg1 composition 916:926 the membrane lipid composition 897:926 the membrane lipid composition 897:926 At optimum temperatures, the membrane lipid composition was characterized by a high proportion of phosphatidic acids (PA) (20-35 % of the total), which were the main components of the membrane lipids, together with phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and sterols (St). 24961400 0 0 theme fruit 64:68 arg1 yield 70:74 fruit yield 64:74 fruit yield 64:74 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition. 24961400 5 1 theme sugars 689:694 arg1 Contents 663:670 Contents 663:670 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) 663:761 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 9 2 theme present 1235:1241 arg1 mechanisms 1224:1233 compensatory mechanisms 1211:1233 compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato 1211:1282 As final fruit yield was not significantly reduced, it highlighted that there may be compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato. 24961400 3 3 theme flowering 455:463 arg1 rate 465:468 flowering rate 455:468 flowering rate 455:468 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 4 4 from time 620:623 arg1 flowers 588:594 flowers 588:594 flowers 588:594 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 4 4 from time 620:623 arg1 fruits 606:611 young fruits 600:611 young fruits 600:611 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 4 5 theme organ 525:529 arg1 stage 545:549 organ developmental stage 525:549 organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application 525:582 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 9 6 theme final 1129:1133 arg1 yield 1141:1145 final fruit yield 1129:1145 final fruit yield 1129:1145 As final fruit yield was not significantly reduced, it highlighted that there may be compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato. 24961400 9 7 theme fruit 1135:1139 arg1 yield 1141:1145 final fruit yield 1129:1145 final fruit yield 1129:1145 As final fruit yield was not significantly reduced, it highlighted that there may be compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato. 24961400 7 8 theme ascorbate 981:989 arg1 contents 957:964 increased contents 947:964 increased contents of malic acid, ascorbate and glucose 947:1001 These changes were mostly due to increased contents of malic acid, ascorbate and glucose despite a decrease in sucrose. 24961400 9 9 attach present 1235:1241 arg2 mechanisms 1224:1233 compensatory mechanisms 1211:1233 compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato 1211:1282 As final fruit yield was not significantly reduced, it highlighted that there may be compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato. 24961400 9 9 attach present 1235:1241 arg1 structures 1263:1272 the reproductive structures 1246:1272 the reproductive structures of tomato 1246:1282 As final fruit yield was not significantly reduced, it highlighted that there may be compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato. 24961400 2 10 dep Fruit 140:144 arg1 composition 157:167 composition 157:167 composition 157:167 Fruit growth and composition are altered under ozone stress by modification of reproductive development. 24961400 2 10 dep Fruit 140:144 arg1 growth 146:151 growth 146:151 growth 146:151 Fruit growth and composition are altered under ozone stress by modification of reproductive development. 24961400 0 11 from Effects 0:6 arg1 traits 46:51 reproductive traits 33:51 reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition 33:96 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition. 24961400 7 12 theme malic 969:973 arg1 acid 975:978 malic acid 969:978 malic acid 969:978 These changes were mostly due to increased contents of malic acid, ascorbate and glucose despite a decrease in sucrose. 24961400 0 13 theme yield 70:74 arg1 traits 46:51 reproductive traits 33:51 reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition 33:96 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition. 24961400 7 14 from decrease 1013:1020 arg1 sucrose 1025:1031 sucrose 1025:1031 sucrose 1025:1031 These changes were mostly due to increased contents of malic acid, ascorbate and glucose despite a decrease in sucrose. 24961400 7 15 theme acid 975:978 arg1 contents 957:964 increased contents 947:964 increased contents of malic acid, ascorbate and glucose 947:1001 These changes were mostly due to increased contents of malic acid, ascorbate and glucose despite a decrease in sucrose. 24961400 4 16 theme developmental 531:543 arg1 stage 545:549 organ developmental stage 525:549 organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application 525:582 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 0 17 theme composition 86:96 arg1 traits 46:51 reproductive traits 33:51 reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition 33:96 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition. 24961400 3 18 dep RESULTS 353:359 arg1 affect 448:453 affect 448:453 did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate 426:491 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 3 18 dep RESULTS 353:359 arg1 reduced 367:373 reduced 367:373 reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size 367:416 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 8 19 theme tomato 1104:1109 arg1 quality 1117:1123 tomato fruit quality 1104:1123 tomato fruit quality 1104:1123 CONCLUSION Acute ozone exposure up to 500 µg m(-3) greatly influences tomato fruit quality. 24961400 3 20 theme setting 480:486 arg1 rate 488:491 fruit setting rate 474:491 fruit setting rate 474:491 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 8 21 theme ozone 1051:1055 arg1 exposure 1057:1064 Acute ozone exposure 1045:1064 Acute ozone exposure 1045:1064 CONCLUSION Acute ozone exposure up to 500 µg m(-3) greatly influences tomato fruit quality. 24961400 5 22 theme ascorbic 743:750 arg1 acid 752:755 ascorbic acid 743:755 ascorbic acid (AsA) 743:761 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 5 22 theme ascorbic 743:750 arg1 AsA 758:760 AsA 758:760 AsA 758:760 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 0 23 theme fruit 80:84 arg1 composition 86:96 fruit composition 80:96 fruit composition 80:96 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition. 24961400 3 24 theme Fifty-one-day-old 245:261 arg1 plants 263:268 Fifty-one-day-old plants 245:268 Fifty-one-day-old plants 245:268 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 5 25 theme organic 714:720 arg1 acids 722:726 total organic acids 708:726 total organic acids (total OA) 708:737 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 5 25 theme organic 714:720 arg1 OA 735:736 total OA 729:736 total OA 729:736 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 3 26 theme fruit 407:411 arg1 size 413:416 fruit size 407:416 fruit size 407:416 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 5 27 theme total 708:712 arg1 acids 722:726 total organic acids 708:726 total organic acids (total OA) 708:737 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 5 27 theme total 708:712 arg1 OA 735:736 total OA 729:736 total OA 729:736 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 4 28 theme ozone 508:512 arg1 effect 498:503 The effect 494:503 The effect of ozone 494:512 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 5 29 theme total 675:679 arg1 sugars 689:694 total soluble sugars 675:694 total soluble sugars (total SS) 675:705 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 5 29 theme total 675:679 arg1 SS 703:704 total SS 697:704 total SS 697:704 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 10 30 theme repeated 1374:1381 arg1 exposure 1389:1396 repeated ozone exposure 1374:1396 repeated ozone exposure 1374:1396 Further research would be necessary to determine how reproductive traits are affected by repeated ozone exposure or longer-term exposure. 24961400 3 31 theme fruit 390:394 arg1 number 396:401 well-developed fruit number 375:401 well-developed fruit number 375:401 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 3 32 theme 4 h. 348:351 arg1 RESULTS 353:359 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate 348:491 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate 348:491 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 6 33 theme ozone 863:867 arg1 stress 869:874 ozone stress 863:874 ozone stress 863:874 Tomato fruit composition was altered under ozone stress, leading to a lower sugar:acid ratio. 24961400 7 34 theme increased 947:955 arg1 contents 957:964 increased contents 947:964 increased contents of malic acid, ascorbate and glucose 947:1001 These changes were mostly due to increased contents of malic acid, ascorbate and glucose despite a decrease in sucrose. 24961400 4 35 theme young 600:604 arg1 fruits 606:611 young fruits 600:611 young fruits 600:611 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 0 36 theme ozone 17:21 arg1 stress 23:28 acute ozone stress 11:28 acute ozone stress 11:28 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition. 24961400 10 37 theme Further 1285:1291 arg1 research 1293:1300 Further research 1285:1300 Further research 1285:1300 Further research would be necessary to determine how reproductive traits are affected by repeated ozone exposure or longer-term exposure. 24961400 9 38 theme compensatory 1211:1222 arg1 mechanisms 1224:1233 compensatory mechanisms 1211:1233 compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato 1211:1282 As final fruit yield was not significantly reduced, it highlighted that there may be compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato. 24961400 4 39 theme application 572:582 arg1 time 558:561 the time 554:561 the time of ozone application 554:582 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 0 40 theme acute 11:15 arg1 stress 23:28 acute ozone stress 11:28 acute ozone stress 11:28 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition. 24961400 10 41 theme ozone 1383:1387 arg1 exposure 1389:1396 repeated ozone exposure 1374:1396 repeated ozone exposure 1374:1396 Further research would be necessary to determine how reproductive traits are affected by repeated ozone exposure or longer-term exposure. 24961400 8 42 theme fruit 1111:1115 arg1 quality 1117:1123 tomato fruit quality 1104:1123 tomato fruit quality 1104:1123 CONCLUSION Acute ozone exposure up to 500 µg m(-3) greatly influences tomato fruit quality. 24961400 9 43 from structures 1263:1272 arg1 present 1235:1241 present 1235:1241 present 1235:1241 As final fruit yield was not significantly reduced, it highlighted that there may be compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato. 24961400 10 44 theme longer-term 1401:1411 arg1 exposure 1413:1420 longer-term exposure 1401:1420 longer-term exposure 1401:1420 Further research would be necessary to determine how reproductive traits are affected by repeated ozone exposure or longer-term exposure. 24961400 9 45 theme tomato 1277:1282 arg1 structures 1263:1272 the reproductive structures 1246:1272 the reproductive structures of tomato 1246:1282 As final fruit yield was not significantly reduced, it highlighted that there may be compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato. 24961400 4 46 theme ozone 566:570 arg1 application 572:582 ozone application 566:582 ozone application 566:582 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 5 47 theme total 697:701 arg1 sugars 689:694 total soluble sugars 675:694 total soluble sugars (total SS) 675:705 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 5 47 theme total 697:701 arg1 SS 703:704 total SS 697:704 total SS 697:704 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 4 48 theme ozone 628:632 arg1 exposure 634:641 ozone exposure 628:641 ozone exposure 628:641 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 10 49 theme reproductive 1338:1349 arg1 traits 1351:1356 reproductive traits 1338:1356 reproductive traits 1338:1356 Further research would be necessary to determine how reproductive traits are affected by repeated ozone exposure or longer-term exposure. 24961400 0 50 theme stress 23:28 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition 0:96 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition. 24961400 3 51 theme well-developed 375:388 arg1 number 396:401 well-developed fruit number 375:401 well-developed fruit number 375:401 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 5 52 theme acids 722:726 arg1 Contents 663:670 Contents 663:670 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) 663:761 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 9 53 theme reproductive 1250:1261 arg1 structures 1263:1272 the reproductive structures 1246:1272 the reproductive structures of tomato 1246:1282 As final fruit yield was not significantly reduced, it highlighted that there may be compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato. 24961400 3 54 dep ozone 310:314 arg1 500 µg m 330:337 500 µg m 330:337 500 µg m 330:337 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 3 54 dep ozone 310:314 arg1 200 317:319 200 317:319 200 317:319 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 3 54 dep ozone 310:314 arg1 -3 339:340 -3 339:340 -3 339:340 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 6 55 theme fruit 827:831 arg1 composition 833:843 Tomato fruit composition 820:843 Tomato fruit composition 820:843 Tomato fruit composition was altered under ozone stress, leading to a lower sugar:acid ratio. 24961400 8 56 dep exposure 1057:1064 arg1 -3 1081:1082 -3 1081:1082 -3 1081:1082 CONCLUSION Acute ozone exposure up to 500 µg m(-3) greatly influences tomato fruit quality. 24961400 8 56 dep exposure 1057:1064 arg1 500 µg m 1072:1079 500 µg m 1072:1079 500 µg m(-3) 1072:1083 CONCLUSION Acute ozone exposure up to 500 µg m(-3) greatly influences tomato fruit quality. 24961400 8 56 dep exposure 1057:1064 arg1 up 1066:1067 up 1066:1067 up 1066:1067 CONCLUSION Acute ozone exposure up to 500 µg m(-3) greatly influences tomato fruit quality. 24961400 5 57 theme soluble 681:687 arg1 sugars 689:694 total soluble sugars 675:694 total soluble sugars (total SS) 675:705 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 5 57 theme soluble 681:687 arg1 SS 703:704 total SS 697:704 total SS 697:704 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 4 58 theme exposure 634:641 arg1 time 620:623 the time 616:623 the time of ozone exposure 616:641 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 0 59 theme reproductive 33:44 arg1 traits 46:51 reproductive traits 33:51 reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition 33:96 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition. 24961400 6 60 theme Tomato 820:825 arg1 composition 833:843 Tomato fruit composition 820:843 Tomato fruit composition 820:843 Tomato fruit composition was altered under ozone stress, leading to a lower sugar:acid ratio. 24961400 3 61 theme ozone 310:314 arg1 concentrations 292:305 three concentrations 286:305 three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) 286:342 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 24961400 2 62 theme ozone 187:191 arg1 stress 193:198 ozone stress 187:198 ozone stress 187:198 Fruit growth and composition are altered under ozone stress by modification of reproductive development. 24961400 1 63 theme BACKGROUND 99:108 arg1 Tomato 110:115 BACKGROUND Tomato 99:115 BACKGROUND Tomato 99:115 BACKGROUND Tomato is sensitive to ozone. 24961400 8 64 theme Acute 1045:1049 arg1 exposure 1057:1064 Acute ozone exposure 1045:1064 Acute ozone exposure 1045:1064 CONCLUSION Acute ozone exposure up to 500 µg m(-3) greatly influences tomato fruit quality. 24961400 7 65 theme glucose 995:1001 arg1 contents 957:964 increased contents 947:964 increased contents of malic acid, ascorbate and glucose 947:1001 These changes were mostly due to increased contents of malic acid, ascorbate and glucose despite a decrease in sucrose. 24961400 5 66 theme ozone-treated 798:810 arg1 plants 812:817 ozone-treated plants 798:817 ozone-treated plants 798:817 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 9 67 from present 1235:1241 arg1 structures 1263:1272 the reproductive structures 1246:1272 the reproductive structures of tomato 1246:1282 As final fruit yield was not significantly reduced, it highlighted that there may be compensatory mechanisms present in the reproductive structures of tomato. 24961400 6 68 theme sugar 896:900 arg1 ratio 907:911 a lower sugar:acid ratio 888:911 a lower sugar:acid ratio 888:911 Tomato fruit composition was altered under ozone stress, leading to a lower sugar:acid ratio. 24961400 0 69 theme tomato 56:61 arg1 traits 46:51 reproductive traits 33:51 reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition 33:96 Effects of acute ozone stress on reproductive traits of tomato, fruit yield and fruit composition. 24961400 6 70 theme acid 902:905 arg1 ratio 907:911 a lower sugar:acid ratio 888:911 a lower sugar:acid ratio 888:911 Tomato fruit composition was altered under ozone stress, leading to a lower sugar:acid ratio. 24961400 2 71 theme development 232:242 arg1 modification 203:214 modification 203:214 modification of reproductive development 203:242 Fruit growth and composition are altered under ozone stress by modification of reproductive development. 24961400 5 72 theme total 729:733 arg1 acids 722:726 total organic acids 708:726 total organic acids (total OA) 708:737 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 5 72 theme total 729:733 arg1 OA 735:736 total OA 729:736 total OA 729:736 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 5 73 theme acid 752:755 arg1 Contents 663:670 Contents 663:670 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) 663:761 Contents of total soluble sugars (total SS), total organic acids (total OA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased in fruits harvested from ozone-treated plants. 24961400 6 74 theme lower 890:894 arg1 ratio 907:911 a lower sugar:acid ratio 888:911 a lower sugar:acid ratio 888:911 Tomato fruit composition was altered under ozone stress, leading to a lower sugar:acid ratio. 24961400 4 75 from time 558:561 arg1 stage 545:549 organ developmental stage 525:549 organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application 525:582 The effect of ozone depends on organ developmental stage at the time of ozone application, as flowers and young fruits at the time of ozone exposure were more affected. 24961400 2 76 theme reproductive 219:230 arg1 development 232:242 reproductive development 219:242 reproductive development 219:242 Fruit growth and composition are altered under ozone stress by modification of reproductive development. 24961400 3 77 theme fruit 474:478 arg1 rate 488:491 fruit setting rate 474:491 fruit setting rate 474:491 Fifty-one-day-old plants were exposed to three concentrations of ozone (200, 350 and 500 µg m(-3)) for 4 h. RESULTS Ozone reduced well-developed fruit number and fruit size, but it did not significantly affect flowering rate and fruit setting rate. 27770606 8 0 theme dermal 1540:1545 arg1 use 1547:1549 an antimycotic dermal use 1525:1549 an antimycotic dermal use 1525:1549 Such preparation should be effective in an antimycotic dermal use. 27770606 4 1 from experiment 755:764 arg1 dialysates 867:876 dialysates 867:876 dialysates 867:876 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 6 2 theme In 1033:1034 arg1 activity 1042:1049 In vitro activity 1033:1049 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel 1033:1095 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel was tested against Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded. 27770606 7 3 theme drugs 1331:1335 arg1 formulation 1304:1314 the simultaneous formulation 1287:1314 the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) 1287:1341 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 8 4 from effective 1512:1520 arg1 use 1547:1549 an antimycotic dermal use 1525:1549 an antimycotic dermal use 1525:1549 Such preparation should be effective in an antimycotic dermal use. 27770606 3 5 theme antiflogistic 484:496 arg1 properties 527:536 antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 484:536 antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 484:536 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 6 6 theme minimum 1148:1154 arg1 concentration 1167:1179 a minimum inhibition concentration 1146:1179 a minimum inhibition concentration 1146:1179 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel was tested against Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded. 27770606 3 7 theme essential 437:445 arg1 monoterpenes 466:477 sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes 432:477 sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 432:536 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 4 8 dep composition 654:664 arg1 concentrations 718:731 polysorbate 80 concentrations 703:731 polysorbate 80 concentrations 703:731 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 8 dep composition 654:664 arg1 chitosan 689:696 chitosan 689:696 chitosan 689:696 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 8 dep composition 654:664 arg1 TB 685:686 TB 685:686 TB 685:686 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 8 dep composition 654:664 arg1 monoterpenes 671:682 SEO monoterpenes 667:682 SEO monoterpenes 667:682 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 7 9 with preparation 1384:1394 arg1 stability 1412:1420 acceptable stability 1401:1420 acceptable stability 1401:1420 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 7 9 with preparation 1384:1394 arg1 activity 1475:1482 significant biological activity 1452:1482 significant biological activity 1452:1482 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 7 9 with preparation 1384:1394 arg1 properties 1436:1445 required gel properties 1423:1445 required gel properties 1423:1445 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 2 10 theme therapeutic 297:307 arg1 effect 309:314 a therapeutic effect 295:314 a therapeutic effect of the drugs 295:327 It was taken into consideration that a therapeutic effect of the drugs could be enhanced by a combination of natural compounds with chemical (synthetic) drugs. 27770606 5 11 theme active 904:909 arg1 drugs 911:915 the active drugs 900:915 the active drugs formulation 900:927 Concerning the active drugs formulation, an optimum concentration of TB was set at the level providing maximum release of the SEO monoterpenes. 27770606 0 12 theme biological 100:109 arg1 activity 111:118 biological activity 100:118 biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast 100:172 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 27770606 7 13 theme acceptable 1401:1410 arg1 stability 1412:1420 acceptable stability 1401:1420 acceptable stability 1401:1420 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 6 14 theme Candida 1116:1122 arg1 albicans 1124:1131 Candida albicans 1116:1131 Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded 1116:1206 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel was tested against Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded. 27770606 0 15 theme corresponding 123:135 arg1 dialysates 137:146 corresponding dialysates 123:146 corresponding dialysates 123:146 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 27770606 7 16 theme biological 1464:1473 arg1 activity 1475:1482 significant biological activity 1452:1482 significant biological activity 1452:1482 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 8 17 from use 1547:1549 arg1 effective 1512:1520 effective 1512:1520 effective 1512:1520 Such preparation should be effective in an antimycotic dermal use. 27770606 4 18 theme permeation 744:753 arg1 experiment 755:764 permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis 744:797 experiment 755:764 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 19 theme hydrogel-drugs 639:652 arg1 composition 654:664 the hydrogel-drugs composition 635:664 the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations) 635:732 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 20 theme Detail 612:617 arg1 optimization 619:630 Detail optimization 612:630 Detail optimization 612:630 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 2 21 theme chemical 390:397 arg1 drugs 411:415 chemical (synthetic) drugs 390:415 chemical (synthetic) drugs 390:415 It was taken into consideration that a therapeutic effect of the drugs could be enhanced by a combination of natural compounds with chemical (synthetic) drugs. 27770606 8 22 theme Such 1485:1488 arg1 preparation 1490:1500 Such preparation 1485:1500 Such preparation 1485:1500 Such preparation should be effective in an antimycotic dermal use. 27770606 7 23 theme experimental 1213:1224 arg1 results 1226:1232 The experimental results 1209:1232 The experimental results 1209:1232 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 2 24 theme drugs 323:327 arg1 effect 309:314 a therapeutic effect 295:314 a therapeutic effect of the drugs 295:327 It was taken into consideration that a therapeutic effect of the drugs could be enhanced by a combination of natural compounds with chemical (synthetic) drugs. 27770606 7 25 theme significant 1452:1462 arg1 activity 1475:1482 significant biological activity 1452:1482 significant biological activity 1452:1482 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 0 26 theme Simultaneous 0:11 arg1 formulation 13:23 Simultaneous formulation 0:23 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 0:173 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 27770606 3 27 with monoterpenes 466:477 arg1 properties 527:536 antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 484:536 antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 484:536 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 4 28 theme polysorbate 703:713 arg1 concentrations 718:731 polysorbate 80 concentrations 703:731 polysorbate 80 concentrations 703:731 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 2 29 theme compounds 375:383 arg1 combination 352:362 a combination 350:362 a combination of natural compounds with chemical (synthetic) drugs 350:415 It was taken into consideration that a therapeutic effect of the drugs could be enhanced by a combination of natural compounds with chemical (synthetic) drugs. 27770606 0 30 theme terbinafine 28:38 arg1 formulation 13:23 Simultaneous formulation 0:23 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 0:173 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 27770606 5 31 dep drugs 911:915 arg1 formulation 917:927 formulation 917:927 the active drugs formulation 900:927 Concerning the active drugs formulation, an optimum concentration of TB was set at the level providing maximum release of the SEO monoterpenes. 27770606 5 32 theme monoterpenes 1019:1030 arg1 release 1000:1006 maximum release 992:1006 maximum release of the SEO monoterpenes 992:1030 Concerning the active drugs formulation, an optimum concentration of TB was set at the level providing maximum release of the SEO monoterpenes. 27770606 6 33 theme inhibition 1156:1165 arg1 concentration 1167:1179 a minimum inhibition concentration 1146:1179 a minimum inhibition concentration 1146:1179 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel was tested against Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded. 27770606 6 34 theme optimized 1078:1086 arg1 hydrogel 1088:1095 the optimized hydrogel 1074:1095 the optimized hydrogel 1074:1095 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel was tested against Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded. 27770606 1 35 theme progressive 200:210 arg1 formulation 212:222 a progressive formulation 198:222 a progressive formulation of drugs into chitosan hydrogels 198:255 This work was aimed at a progressive formulation of drugs into chitosan hydrogels. 27770606 0 36 theme dialysates 137:146 arg1 activity 111:118 biological activity 100:118 biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast 100:172 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 27770606 4 37 dep species 812:818 arg1 borneol 842:848 borneol 842:848 borneol 842:848 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 37 dep species 812:818 arg1 camphor 833:839 camphor 833:839 camphor 833:839 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 37 dep species 812:818 arg1 TB 860:861 TB 860:861 TB 860:861 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 37 dep species 812:818 arg1 eucalyptol 821:830 eucalyptol 821:830 eucalyptol 821:830 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 37 dep species 812:818 arg1 thujone 851:857 thujone 851:857 thujone 851:857 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 6 38 from hydrogel 1088:1095 arg1 activity 1042:1049 In vitro activity 1033:1049 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel 1033:1095 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel was tested against Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded. 27770606 6 38 from hydrogel 1088:1095 arg1 dialysates 1058:1067 the dialysates 1054:1067 the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel 1054:1095 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel was tested against Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded. 27770606 0 39 theme salvia 44:49 arg1 monoterpenes 51:62 salvia monoterpenes 44:62 salvia monoterpenes 44:62 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 27770606 5 40 theme TB 958:959 arg1 concentration 941:953 an optimum concentration 930:953 an optimum concentration of TB 930:959 Concerning the active drugs formulation, an optimum concentration of TB was set at the level providing maximum release of the SEO monoterpenes. 27770606 7 41 theme chitosan 1252:1259 arg1 suitable 1274:1281 suitable 1274:1281 suitable 1274:1281 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 7 41 theme chitosan 1252:1259 arg1 hydrogel 1261:1268 the chitosan hydrogel 1248:1268 the chitosan hydrogel 1248:1268 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 6 42 dep In 1033:1034 arg1 vitro 1036:1040 vitro 1036:1040 vitro 1036:1040 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel was tested against Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded. 27770606 4 43 theme composition 654:664 arg1 optimization 619:630 Detail optimization 612:630 Detail optimization 612:630 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 3 44 theme sage 432:435 arg1 monoterpenes 466:477 sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes 432:477 sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 432:536 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 7 45 theme simultaneous 1291:1302 arg1 formulation 1304:1314 the simultaneous formulation 1287:1314 the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) 1287:1341 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 8 46 theme antimycotic 1528:1538 arg1 use 1547:1549 an antimycotic dermal use 1525:1549 an antimycotic dermal use 1525:1549 Such preparation should be effective in an antimycotic dermal use. 27770606 0 47 theme C. 156:157 arg1 yeast 168:172 C. albicans yeast 156:172 C. albicans yeast 156:172 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 27770606 5 48 theme SEO 1015:1017 arg1 monoterpenes 1019:1030 the SEO monoterpenes 1011:1030 the SEO monoterpenes 1011:1030 Concerning the active drugs formulation, an optimum concentration of TB was set at the level providing maximum release of the SEO monoterpenes. 27770606 4 49 from species 812:818 arg1 dialysates 867:876 dialysates 867:876 dialysates 867:876 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 2 50 theme synthetic 400:408 arg1 drugs 411:415 chemical (synthetic) drugs 390:415 chemical (synthetic) drugs 390:415 It was taken into consideration that a therapeutic effect of the drugs could be enhanced by a combination of natural compounds with chemical (synthetic) drugs. 27770606 7 51 theme natural 1323:1329 arg1 SEO 1338:1340 SEO 1338:1340 SEO 1338:1340 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 7 51 theme natural 1323:1329 arg1 drugs 1331:1335 the natural drugs 1319:1335 the natural drugs (SEO) 1319:1341 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 4 52 from dialysates 867:876 arg1 experiment 755:764 permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis 744:797 experiment 755:764 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 52 from dialysates 867:876 arg1 analysis 790:797 permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis 744:797 analysis 790:797 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 53 theme species 812:818 arg1 experiment 755:764 permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis 744:797 experiment 755:764 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 4 53 theme species 812:818 arg1 analysis 790:797 permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis 744:797 analysis 790:797 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 3 54 theme bicyclic 457:464 arg1 monoterpenes 466:477 sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes 432:477 sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 432:536 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 0 55 theme monoterpenes 51:62 arg1 formulation 13:23 Simultaneous formulation 0:23 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 0:173 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 27770606 2 56 with combination 352:362 arg1 drugs 411:415 chemical (synthetic) drugs 390:415 chemical (synthetic) drugs 390:415 It was taken into consideration that a therapeutic effect of the drugs could be enhanced by a combination of natural compounds with chemical (synthetic) drugs. 27770606 4 57 theme permeated 802:810 arg1 species 812:818 permeated species 802:818 permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates 802:876 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 6 58 theme dialysates 1058:1067 arg1 activity 1042:1049 In vitro activity 1033:1049 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel 1033:1095 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel was tested against Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded. 27770606 7 59 theme required 1423:1430 arg1 properties 1436:1445 required gel properties 1423:1445 required gel properties 1423:1445 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 4 60 theme UV 770:771 arg1 analysis 790:797 permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis 744:797 analysis 790:797 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 5 61 theme optimum 933:939 arg1 concentration 941:953 an optimum concentration 930:953 an optimum concentration of TB 930:959 Concerning the active drugs formulation, an optimum concentration of TB was set at the level providing maximum release of the SEO monoterpenes. 27770606 3 62 theme antimycotic 590:600 arg1 activity 602:609 a strong antimycotic activity 581:609 a strong antimycotic activity 581:609 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 4 63 theme SEO 667:669 arg1 monoterpenes 671:682 SEO monoterpenes 667:682 SEO monoterpenes 667:682 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 3 64 theme SEO 452:454 arg1 monoterpenes 466:477 sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes 432:477 sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 432:536 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 7 65 theme chemical 1348:1355 arg1 TB 1363:1364 TB 1363:1364 TB 1363:1364 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 7 65 theme chemical 1348:1355 arg1 drug 1357:1360 chemical drug 1348:1360 chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity 1348:1482 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 7 66 with suitable 1274:1281 arg1 TB 1363:1364 TB 1363:1364 TB 1363:1364 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 7 66 with suitable 1274:1281 arg1 drug 1357:1360 chemical drug 1348:1360 chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity 1348:1482 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 4 67 from analysis 790:797 arg1 dialysates 867:876 dialysates 867:876 dialysates 867:876 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 5 68 theme maximum 992:998 arg1 release 1000:1006 maximum release 992:1006 maximum release of the SEO monoterpenes 992:1030 Concerning the active drugs formulation, an optimum concentration of TB was set at the level providing maximum release of the SEO monoterpenes. 27770606 3 69 theme antimycotic 515:525 arg1 properties 527:536 antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 484:536 antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 484:536 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 3 70 theme antiseptic 499:508 arg1 properties 527:536 antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 484:536 antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 484:536 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 1 71 theme chitosan 238:245 arg1 hydrogels 247:255 chitosan hydrogels 238:255 chitosan hydrogels 238:255 This work was aimed at a progressive formulation of drugs into chitosan hydrogels. 27770606 1 72 theme drugs 227:231 arg1 formulation 212:222 a progressive formulation 198:222 a progressive formulation of drugs into chitosan hydrogels 198:255 This work was aimed at a progressive formulation of drugs into chitosan hydrogels. 27770606 4 73 theme absorption/GC-MS 773:788 arg1 analysis 790:797 permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis 744:797 analysis 790:797 Detail optimization of the hydrogel-drugs composition (SEO monoterpenes, TB, chitosan, and polysorbate 80 concentrations), based on permeation experiment and UV absorption/GC-MS analysis of permeated species (eucalyptol, camphor, borneol, thujone, TB) in dialysates, was made. 27770606 3 74 theme oil 447:449 arg1 monoterpenes 466:477 sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes 432:477 sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties 432:536 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 2 75 theme natural 367:373 arg1 compounds 375:383 natural compounds 367:383 natural compounds 367:383 It was taken into consideration that a therapeutic effect of the drugs could be enhanced by a combination of natural compounds with chemical (synthetic) drugs. 27770606 0 76 theme chitosan 69:76 arg1 hydrogel 78:85 chitosan hydrogel 69:85 chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast 69:172 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 27770606 7 77 theme gel 1432:1434 arg1 properties 1436:1445 required gel properties 1423:1445 required gel properties 1423:1445 The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogel was suitable for the simultaneous formulation of the natural drugs (SEO) with chemical drug (TB) resulting in the preparation with acceptable stability, required gel properties, and significant biological activity. 27770606 3 78 theme strong 583:588 arg1 activity 602:609 a strong antimycotic activity 581:609 a strong antimycotic activity 581:609 In this work, sage essential oil (SEO) bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic, antiseptic, and antimycotic properties were combined with terbinafine (TB) having a strong antimycotic activity. 27770606 6 79 from activity 1042:1049 arg1 hydrogel 1088:1095 the optimized hydrogel 1074:1095 the optimized hydrogel 1074:1095 In vitro activity of the dialysates from the optimized hydrogel was tested against Candida albicans showing that a minimum inhibition concentration was significantly exceeded. 27770606 0 80 dep C. 156:157 arg1 albicans 159:166 albicans 159:166 albicans 159:166 Simultaneous formulation of terbinafine and salvia monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogel with testing biological activity of corresponding dialysates against C. albicans yeast. 26407845 0 0 theme overnutrition 88:100 arg1 outcomes 70:77 some detrimental metabolic outcomes 43:77 some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats 43:108 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. 26407845 5 1 theme gut 717:719 arg1 hormones 721:728 glucose and gut hormones 705:728 glucose and gut hormones 705:728 Body composition, an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and gut hormones, and gut microbiota were assessed. 26407845 4 2 theme SL 515:516 arg1 litter 507:512 small litter 501:512 small litter (SL 3 pups) 501:524 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 4 2 theme SL 515:516 arg1 pups 520:523 SL 3 pups 515:523 SL 3 pups 515:523 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 6 3 theme NL 822:823 arg1 P < 0.03 831:838 P < 0.03 831:838 P < 0.03 831:838 RESULTS At weaning, body weight was higher in SL than in NL rats (P < 0.03). 26407845 6 3 theme NL 822:823 arg1 rats 825:828 NL rats 822:828 NL rats (P < 0.03) 822:839 RESULTS At weaning, body weight was higher in SL than in NL rats (P < 0.03). 26407845 0 4 theme early 82:86 arg1 overnutrition 88:100 early overnutrition 82:100 early overnutrition in rats 82:108 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. 26407845 4 5 theme normal 529:534 arg1 litter 536:541 normal litter 529:541 normal litter (NL 12 pups) 529:554 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 4 5 theme normal 529:534 arg1 pups 550:553 NL 12 pups 544:553 NL 12 pups 544:553 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 4 6 theme Sprague-Dawley 471:484 arg1 rats 486:489 Male Sprague-Dawley rats 466:489 Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) 466:554 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 13 7 theme gut 1672:1674 arg1 microbiota 1676:1685 gut microbiota 1672:1685 gut microbiota 1672:1685 OFS appears to influence satiety hormone and gut microbiota response similarly in overnourished and control rats. 26407845 3 8 theme satiety 383:389 arg1 profiles 399:406 satiety hormone profiles 383:406 satiety hormone profiles in rats overnourished during the suckling period 383:455 Our objective was to determine whether prebiotic fibre would reduce weight gain and improve satiety hormone profiles in rats overnourished during the suckling period. 26407845 11 9 theme bifidobacteria 1440:1453 arg1 muciniphila 1471:1481 increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila 1430:1481 increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS 1430:1490 OFS, not litter size, played the predominant role in altering gut microbiota which included increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS. 26407845 8 10 theme diet × litter 923:935 arg1 OFS 962:964 a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS 921:964 a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS 921:964 There was a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS in SL rats reduced body fat (%) to levels seen in NL rats (P < 0.05). 26407845 11 11 theme litter 1347:1352 arg1 OFS 1338:1340 OFS 1338:1340 OFS 1338:1340 OFS, not litter size, played the predominant role in altering gut microbiota which included increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS. 26407845 11 11 theme litter 1347:1352 arg1 size 1354:1357 litter size 1347:1357 litter size 1347:1357 OFS, not litter size, played the predominant role in altering gut microbiota which included increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS. 26407845 3 12 theme hormone 391:397 arg1 profiles 399:406 satiety hormone profiles 383:406 satiety hormone profiles in rats overnourished during the suckling period 383:455 Our objective was to determine whether prebiotic fibre would reduce weight gain and improve satiety hormone profiles in rats overnourished during the suckling period. 26407845 3 13 from profiles 399:406 arg1 rats 411:414 rats 411:414 rats overnourished during the suckling period 411:455 Our objective was to determine whether prebiotic fibre would reduce weight gain and improve satiety hormone profiles in rats overnourished during the suckling period. 26407845 10 14 theme peptide 1251:1257 arg1 P < 0.01 1263:1270 P < 0.01 1263:1270 P < 0.01 1263:1270 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 10 14 theme peptide 1251:1257 arg1 YY 1259:1260 peptide YY 1251:1260 peptide YY (P < 0.01) 1251:1271 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 7 15 theme body 855:858 arg1 weight 860:865 body weight 855:865 body weight 855:865 At 19 weeks, body weight was lower with OFS than control (P < 0.04). 26407845 10 16 theme litter 1125:1130 arg1 size 1132:1135 litter size 1125:1135 litter size 1125:1135 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 11 17 theme Akkermansia 1459:1469 arg1 muciniphila 1471:1481 increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila 1430:1481 increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS 1430:1490 OFS, not litter size, played the predominant role in altering gut microbiota which included increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS. 26407845 8 18 theme interaction 942:952 arg1 OFS 962:964 a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS 921:964 a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS 921:964 There was a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS in SL rats reduced body fat (%) to levels seen in NL rats (P < 0.05). 26407845 12 19 theme body 1577:1580 arg1 fat 1582:1584 body fat 1577:1584 body fat 1577:1584 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption of OFS by rats raised in SL was able to attenuate body fat and glycaemia to levels seen in NL rats. 26407845 13 20 theme microbiota 1676:1685 arg1 response 1687:1694 satiety hormone and gut microbiota response 1652:1694 satiety hormone and gut microbiota response 1652:1694 OFS appears to influence satiety hormone and gut microbiota response similarly in overnourished and control rats. 26407845 13 21 theme satiety 1652:1658 arg1 hormone 1660:1666 satiety hormone 1652:1666 satiety hormone 1652:1666 OFS appears to influence satiety hormone and gut microbiota response similarly in overnourished and control rats. 26407845 1 22 theme metabolic 177:185 arg1 disease 187:193 metabolic disease 177:193 metabolic disease 177:193 PURPOSE Overnutrition during early development has been linked to metabolic disease and obesity in adulthood. 26407845 8 23 theme size 937:940 arg1 OFS 962:964 a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS 921:964 a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS 921:964 There was a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS in SL rats reduced body fat (%) to levels seen in NL rats (P < 0.05). 26407845 13 24 dep overnourished 1709:1721 arg1 rats 1735:1738 rats 1735:1738 rats 1735:1738 OFS appears to influence satiety hormone and gut microbiota response similarly in overnourished and control rats. 26407845 13 25 theme hormone 1660:1666 arg1 response 1687:1694 satiety hormone and gut microbiota response 1652:1694 satiety hormone and gut microbiota response 1652:1694 OFS appears to influence satiety hormone and gut microbiota response similarly in overnourished and control rats. 26407845 0 26 theme prebiotic 10:18 arg1 intake 26:31 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake 0:31 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake 0:31 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. 26407845 1 27 attach linked 167:172 arg2 Overnutrition 119:131 PURPOSE Overnutrition 111:131 PURPOSE Overnutrition during early development 111:156 PURPOSE Overnutrition during early development has been linked to metabolic disease and obesity in adulthood. 26407845 1 27 attach linked 167:172 arg1 obesity 199:205 obesity 199:205 obesity 199:205 PURPOSE Overnutrition during early development has been linked to metabolic disease and obesity in adulthood. 26407845 1 27 attach linked 167:172 arg1 disease 187:193 metabolic disease 177:193 metabolic disease 177:193 PURPOSE Overnutrition during early development has been linked to metabolic disease and obesity in adulthood. 26407845 1 27 attach linked 167:172 arg3 adulthood 210:218 adulthood 210:218 adulthood 210:218 PURPOSE Overnutrition during early development has been linked to metabolic disease and obesity in adulthood. 26407845 5 28 theme glucose 705:711 arg1 hormones 721:728 glucose and gut hormones 705:728 glucose and gut hormones 705:728 Body composition, an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and gut hormones, and gut microbiota were assessed. 26407845 0 29 theme Postnatal 0:8 arg1 intake 26:31 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake 0:31 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake 0:31 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. 26407845 8 30 theme wherein 954:960 arg1 OFS 962:964 a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS 921:964 a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS 921:964 There was a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS in SL rats reduced body fat (%) to levels seen in NL rats (P < 0.05). 26407845 9 31 theme glucose 1055:1061 arg1 response 1063:1070 the glucose response 1051:1070 the glucose response 1051:1070 OFS attenuated the glucose response in SL but not in NL rats (P < 0.015). 26407845 11 32 theme increased 1430:1438 arg1 muciniphila 1471:1481 increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila 1430:1481 increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS 1430:1490 OFS, not litter size, played the predominant role in altering gut microbiota which included increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS. 26407845 10 33 theme total 1237:1241 arg1 AUC 1243:1245 increased total AUC 1227:1245 increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) 1227:1310 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 8 34 theme SL 969:970 arg1 rats 972:975 SL rats 969:975 SL rats reduced body fat (%) to levels seen in NL rats (P < 0.05) 969:1033 There was a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS in SL rats reduced body fat (%) to levels seen in NL rats (P < 0.05). 26407845 10 35 theme increased 1227:1235 arg1 AUC 1243:1245 increased total AUC 1227:1245 increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) 1227:1310 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 10 36 theme size 1132:1135 arg1 Independent 1110:1120 Independent 1110:1120 Independent 1110:1120 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 4 37 theme 10  608:610 arg1 % 611:611 % 611:611 % 611:611 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 0 38 theme fibre 20:24 arg1 intake 26:31 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake 0:31 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake 0:31 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. 26407845 0 39 from overnutrition 88:100 arg1 rats 105:108 rats 105:108 rats 105:108 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. 26407845 1 40 theme PURPOSE 111:117 arg1 Overnutrition 119:131 PURPOSE Overnutrition 111:131 PURPOSE Overnutrition during early development 111:156 PURPOSE Overnutrition during early development has been linked to metabolic disease and obesity in adulthood. 26407845 6 41 dep RESULTS 765:771 arg1 higher 801:806 higher 801:806 higher 801:806 RESULTS At weaning, body weight was higher in SL than in NL rats (P < 0.03). 26407845 3 42 theme suckling 441:448 arg1 period 450:455 the suckling period 437:455 the suckling period 437:455 Our objective was to determine whether prebiotic fibre would reduce weight gain and improve satiety hormone profiles in rats overnourished during the suckling period. 26407845 2 43 theme metabolic 254:262 arg1 malprogramming 264:277 this metabolic malprogramming 249:277 this metabolic malprogramming 249:277 Interventions to ameliorate this metabolic malprogramming are needed. 26407845 12 44 theme Postnatal 1505:1513 arg1 consumption 1515:1525 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption 1493:1525 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption of OFS by rats raised in SL 1493:1553 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption of OFS by rats raised in SL was able to attenuate body fat and glycaemia to levels seen in NL rats. 26407845 4 45 theme oligofructose 613:625 arg1 diet 633:636 a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet 606:636 a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks 606:649 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 4 46 theme OFS 628:630 arg1 diet 633:636 a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet 606:636 a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks 606:649 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 5 47 theme oral 673:676 arg1 test 696:699 an oral glucose tolerance test 670:699 an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and gut hormones 670:728 Body composition, an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and gut hormones, and gut microbiota were assessed. 26407845 4 48 theme small 501:505 arg1 litter 507:512 small litter 501:512 small litter (SL 3 pups) 501:524 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 4 48 theme small 501:505 arg1 pups 520:523 SL 3 pups 515:523 SL 3 pups 515:523 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 4 49 dep METHODS 458:464 arg1 randomized 561:570 randomized 561:570 were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks 556:649 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 4 50 theme % 611:611 arg1 diet 633:636 a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet 606:636 a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks 606:649 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 0 51 theme metabolic 60:68 arg1 outcomes 70:77 some detrimental metabolic outcomes 43:77 some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats 43:108 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. 26407845 5 52 theme glucose 678:684 arg1 test 696:699 an oral glucose tolerance test 670:699 an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and gut hormones 670:728 Body composition, an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and gut hormones, and gut microbiota were assessed. 26407845 0 53 from outcomes 70:77 arg1 rats 105:108 rats 105:108 rats 105:108 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. 26407845 10 54 theme total 1152:1156 arg1 AUC 1158:1160 total AUC 1152:1160 total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) 1152:1221 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 0 55 theme detrimental 48:58 arg1 outcomes 70:77 some detrimental metabolic outcomes 43:77 some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats 43:108 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. 26407845 8 56 theme body 985:988 arg1 fat 990:992 body fat 985:992 body fat (%) 985:996 There was a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS in SL rats reduced body fat (%) to levels seen in NL rats (P < 0.05). 26407845 8 56 theme body 985:988 arg1 % 995:995 % 995:995 % 995:995 There was a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS in SL rats reduced body fat (%) to levels seen in NL rats (P < 0.05). 26407845 6 57 theme body 785:788 arg1 weight 790:795 body weight 785:795 body weight 785:795 RESULTS At weaning, body weight was higher in SL than in NL rats (P < 0.03). 26407845 10 58 theme glucagon-like 1277:1289 arg1 P < 0.04 1302:1309 P < 0.04 1302:1309 P < 0.04 1302:1309 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 10 58 theme glucagon-like 1277:1289 arg1 peptide-1 1291:1299 glucagon-like peptide-1 1277:1299 glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) 1277:1310 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 11 59 theme predominant 1371:1381 arg1 role 1383:1386 the predominant role 1367:1386 the predominant role 1367:1386 OFS, not litter size, played the predominant role in altering gut microbiota which included increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS. 26407845 11 60 with muciniphila 1471:1481 arg1 OFS 1488:1490 OFS 1488:1490 OFS 1488:1490 OFS, not litter size, played the predominant role in altering gut microbiota which included increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS. 26407845 4 61 theme NL 544:545 arg1 litter 536:541 normal litter 529:541 normal litter (NL 12 pups) 529:554 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 4 61 theme NL 544:545 arg1 pups 550:553 NL 12 pups 544:553 NL 12 pups 544:553 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 9 62 theme NL 1089:1090 arg1 P < 0.015 1098:1106 P < 0.015 1098:1106 P < 0.015 1098:1106 OFS attenuated the glucose response in SL but not in NL rats (P < 0.015). 26407845 9 62 theme NL 1089:1090 arg1 rats 1092:1095 NL rats 1089:1095 NL rats (P < 0.015) 1089:1107 OFS attenuated the glucose response in SL but not in NL rats (P < 0.015). 26407845 12 63 theme NL 1618:1619 arg1 rats 1621:1624 NL rats 1618:1624 NL rats 1618:1624 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption of OFS by rats raised in SL was able to attenuate body fat and glycaemia to levels seen in NL rats. 26407845 1 64 theme early 140:144 arg1 development 146:156 early development 140:156 early development 140:156 PURPOSE Overnutrition during early development has been linked to metabolic disease and obesity in adulthood. 26407845 11 65 theme gut 1400:1402 arg1 microbiota 1404:1413 gut microbiota 1400:1413 gut microbiota which included increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS 1400:1490 OFS, not litter size, played the predominant role in altering gut microbiota which included increased bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila with OFS. 26407845 8 66 theme NL 1016:1017 arg1 P < 0.05 1025:1032 P < 0.05 1025:1032 P < 0.05 1025:1032 There was a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS in SL rats reduced body fat (%) to levels seen in NL rats (P < 0.05). 26407845 8 66 theme NL 1016:1017 arg1 rats 1019:1022 NL rats 1016:1022 NL rats (P < 0.05) 1016:1033 There was a diet × litter size interaction wherein OFS in SL rats reduced body fat (%) to levels seen in NL rats (P < 0.05). 26407845 5 67 theme Body 652:655 arg1 composition 657:667 Body composition 652:667 Body composition 652:667 Body composition, an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and gut hormones, and gut microbiota were assessed. 26407845 0 68 from rats 105:108 arg1 outcomes 70:77 some detrimental metabolic outcomes 43:77 some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats 43:108 Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. 26407845 3 69 theme weight 359:364 arg1 gain 366:369 weight gain 359:369 weight gain 359:369 Our objective was to determine whether prebiotic fibre would reduce weight gain and improve satiety hormone profiles in rats overnourished during the suckling period. 26407845 4 70 theme Male 466:469 arg1 rats 486:489 Male Sprague-Dawley rats 466:489 Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) 466:554 METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in small litter (SL 3 pups) or normal litter (NL 12 pups) were randomized at weaning to AIN-93 (control) or a 10 % oligofructose (OFS) diet for 16 weeks. 26407845 10 71 theme insulinotropic 1184:1197 arg1 P < 0.002 1212:1220 P < 0.002 1212:1220 P < 0.002 1212:1220 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 10 71 theme insulinotropic 1184:1197 arg1 polypeptide 1199:1209 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide 1166:1209 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) 1166:1221 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 12 72 theme OFS 1530:1532 arg1 consumption 1515:1525 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption 1493:1525 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption of OFS by rats raised in SL 1493:1553 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption of OFS by rats raised in SL was able to attenuate body fat and glycaemia to levels seen in NL rats. 26407845 2 73 dep Interventions 221:233 arg1 ameliorate 238:247 ameliorate 238:247 to ameliorate this metabolic malprogramming 235:277 Interventions to ameliorate this metabolic malprogramming are needed. 26407845 5 74 theme gut 735:737 arg1 microbiota 739:748 gut microbiota 735:748 gut microbiota 735:748 Body composition, an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and gut hormones, and gut microbiota were assessed. 26407845 10 75 theme glucose-dependent 1166:1182 arg1 P < 0.002 1212:1220 P < 0.002 1212:1220 P < 0.002 1212:1220 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 10 75 theme glucose-dependent 1166:1182 arg1 polypeptide 1199:1209 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide 1166:1209 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) 1166:1221 Independent of litter size, OFS decreased total AUC for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.002) and increased total AUC for peptide YY (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P < 0.04) when compared to control. 26407845 12 76 theme CONCLUSIONS 1493:1503 arg1 consumption 1515:1525 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption 1493:1525 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption of OFS by rats raised in SL 1493:1553 CONCLUSIONS Postnatal consumption of OFS by rats raised in SL was able to attenuate body fat and glycaemia to levels seen in NL rats. 26407845 5 77 theme tolerance 686:694 arg1 test 696:699 an oral glucose tolerance test 670:699 an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and gut hormones 670:728 Body composition, an oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and gut hormones, and gut microbiota were assessed. 25541065 2 0 from changes 433:439 arg1 content 460:466 the nutritional content 444:466 the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 444:619 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 8 1 theme consumer 2069:2076 arg1 purchases 2078:2086 shift consumer purchases 2063:2086 shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities 2063:2156 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 8 2 dep CONCLUSIONS 1927:1937 arg1 highlight 1953:1961 highlight 1953:1961 highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs 1953:2212 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 2 3 theme products 563:570 arg1 content 460:466 the nutritional content 444:466 the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 444:619 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 7 4 theme sugar 1744:1748 arg1 density 1750:1756 the sugar density 1740:1756 the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02 1740:1844 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 4 theme sugar 1744:1748 arg1 g 1769:1769 grams/100 g 1759:1769 grams/100 g 1759:1769 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 8 5 theme food 1987:1990 arg1 manufacturers 1992:2004 food manufacturers 1987:2004 food manufacturers 1987:2004 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 3 6 theme RTE 703:705 arg1 products 711:718 RTE GBD products 703:718 RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 703:809 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 1 7 theme food/beverage 201:213 arg1 products 215:222 food/beverage products 201:222 food/beverage products 201:222 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 8 8 theme saturated 2123:2131 arg1 fat 2133:2135 saturated fat 2123:2135 saturated fat 2123:2135 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 6 9 theme saturated 1291:1299 arg1 fat 1301:1303 The saturated fat 1287:1303 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products 1279:1345 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 1 10 theme United 397:402 arg1 States 404:409 the United States 393:409 the United States 393:409 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 2 11 dep products 563:570 arg1 manufactured 572:583 manufactured 572:583 manufactured 572:583 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 2 11 dep products 563:570 arg1 purchased 589:597 purchased 589:597 purchased between 2005 and 2012 589:619 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 7 12 theme products 1559:1566 arg1 density 1750:1756 the sugar density 1740:1756 the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02 1740:1844 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 12 theme products 1559:1566 arg1 density 1519:1525 the energy density 1508:1525 the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1508:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 12 theme products 1559:1566 arg1 density 1645:1651 the saturated fat density 1627:1651 the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01 1627:1737 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 12 theme products 1559:1566 arg1 g 1769:1769 grams/100 g 1759:1769 grams/100 g 1759:1769 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 12 theme products 1559:1566 arg1 purchases 1861:1869 household purchases 1851:1869 household purchases 1851:1869 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 12 theme products 1559:1566 arg1 g 1545:1545 kilocalories/100 g 1528:1545 kilocalories/100 g 1528:1545 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 12 theme products 1559:1566 arg1 g 1664:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 4 13 theme sugar 921:925 arg1 density 927:933 sugar density 921:933 sugar density 921:933 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 5 14 from grams 1184:1188 arg1 purchases 1150:1158 household purchases 1140:1158 household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) 1140:1189 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 7 15 theme RTE 1551:1553 arg1 products 1559:1566 RTE GBD products 1551:1566 RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1551:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 15 theme RTE 1551:1553 arg1 decreased 1578:1586 decreased 1578:1586 purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1568:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 2 16 theme GBD 558:560 arg1 products 563:570 ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products 518:570 ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 518:619 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 8 17 theme sugar 2142:2146 arg1 densities 2148:2156 sugar densities 2142:2156 sugar densities 2142:2156 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 2 18 theme dessert 549:555 arg1 products 563:570 ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products 518:570 ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 518:619 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 4 19 theme saturated 902:910 arg1 fat 912:914 saturated fat 902:914 saturated fat 902:914 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 5 20 theme RTE 1251:1253 arg1 products 1259:1266 RTE GBD products 1251:1266 RTE GBD products purchased 1251:1276 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 3 21 theme Homescan 771:778 arg1 dataset 793:799 the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 759:809 the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 759:809 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 6 22 theme RTE 1330:1332 arg1 products 1338:1345 RTE GBD products 1330:1345 RTE GBD products 1330:1345 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 4 23 used used 863:866 arg2 models 851:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models 812:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models 812:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 1 24 theme efforts 310:316 arg1 effectiveness 293:305 the effectiveness 289:305 the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers 289:361 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 0 25 theme products 82:89 arg1 content 38:44 the nutritional content 22:44 the nutritional content of ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 22:138 Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 7 26 dep purchased 1568:1576 arg1 products 1559:1566 RTE GBD products 1551:1566 RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1551:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 26 dep purchased 1568:1576 arg1 decreased 1578:1586 decreased 1578:1586 purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1568:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 27 theme products 1882:1889 arg1 density 1750:1756 the sugar density 1740:1756 the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02 1740:1844 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 27 theme products 1882:1889 arg1 density 1519:1525 the energy density 1508:1525 the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1508:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 27 theme products 1882:1889 arg1 density 1645:1651 the saturated fat density 1627:1651 the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01 1627:1737 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 27 theme products 1882:1889 arg1 g 1769:1769 grams/100 g 1759:1769 grams/100 g 1759:1769 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 27 theme products 1882:1889 arg1 purchases 1861:1869 household purchases 1851:1869 household purchases 1851:1869 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 27 theme products 1882:1889 arg1 g 1545:1545 kilocalories/100 g 1528:1545 kilocalories/100 g 1528:1545 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 27 theme products 1882:1889 arg1 g 1664:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 28 theme fat 1641:1643 arg1 density 1645:1651 the saturated fat density 1627:1651 the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01 1627:1737 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 28 theme fat 1641:1643 arg1 g 1664:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 8 29 theme overall 2184:2190 arg1 purchases 2192:2200 overall purchases 2184:2200 overall purchases of RTE GBDs 2184:2212 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 1 30 theme dietary 374:380 arg1 quality 382:388 dietary quality 374:388 dietary quality in the United States 374:409 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 7 31 theme RTE 1874:1876 arg1 products 1882:1889 RTE GBD products 1874:1889 RTE GBD products 1874:1889 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 4 32 theme GBD 942:944 arg1 products 946:953 RTE GBD products 938:953 RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012 938:1001 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 0 33 theme dessert 74:80 arg1 products 82:89 ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products 49:89 ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 49:138 Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 5 34 theme RTE 1163:1165 arg1 products 1171:1178 RTE GBD products 1163:1178 RTE GBD products (in grams) 1163:1189 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 2 35 dep content 460:466 arg1 density 506:512 sugar density 500:512 sugar density 500:512 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 2 35 dep content 460:466 arg1 energy 473:478 energy 473:478 energy 473:478 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 2 35 dep content 460:466 arg1 fat 491:493 saturated fat 481:493 saturated fat 481:493 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 2 35 dep content 460:466 arg1 eg 469:470 eg 469:470 eg 469:470 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 0 36 dep products 82:89 arg1 purchased 108:116 purchased 108:116 purchased between 2005 and 2012 108:138 Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 0 36 dep products 82:89 arg1 manufactured 91:102 manufactured 91:102 manufactured 91:102 Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 2 37 theme nutritional 448:458 arg1 content 460:466 the nutritional content 444:466 the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 444:619 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 5 38 theme products 1259:1266 arg1 density 1240:1246 sugar density 1234:1246 sugar density 1234:1246 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 5 38 theme products 1259:1266 arg1 energy 1207:1212 average energy 1199:1212 average energy 1199:1212 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 5 38 theme products 1259:1266 arg1 fat 1225:1227 saturated fat 1215:1227 saturated fat 1215:1227 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 5 38 theme products 1259:1266 arg1 changes 1129:1135 changes 1129:1135 changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) 1129:1189 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 1 39 from quality 382:388 arg1 States 404:409 the United States 393:409 the United States 393:409 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 5 40 theme products 1171:1178 arg1 purchases 1150:1158 household purchases 1140:1158 household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) 1140:1189 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 7 41 from density 1519:1525 arg1 grams 1895:1899 grams 1895:1899 grams 1895:1899 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 0 42 theme grain-based 62:72 arg1 products 82:89 ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products 49:89 ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 49:138 Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 3 43 theme Facts 639:643 arg1 information 651:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information 622:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases 622:687 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 4 44 theme STATISTICAL 812:822 arg1 models 851:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models 812:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models 812:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 5 45 from changes 1129:1135 arg1 purchases 1150:1158 household purchases 1140:1158 household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) 1140:1189 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 0 46 theme nutritional 26:36 arg1 content 38:44 the nutritional content 22:44 the nutritional content of ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 22:138 Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 8 47 theme public 2010:2015 arg1 officials 2024:2032 public health officials 2010:2032 public health officials 2010:2032 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 3 48 theme DESIGN 622:627 arg1 information 651:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information 622:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases 622:687 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 4 49 theme Linear 833:838 arg1 models 851:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models 812:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models 812:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 6 50 theme products 1338:1345 arg1 RESULTS 1279:1285 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) 1279:1325 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products 1279:1345 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 1 51 theme policy 349:354 arg1 makers 356:361 policy makers 349:361 policy makers 349:361 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 8 52 theme GBDs 2209:2212 arg1 purchases 2192:2200 overall purchases 2184:2200 overall purchases of RTE GBDs 2184:2212 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 5 53 theme effects 1011:1017 arg1 models 1019:1024 Random effects models 1004:1024 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location 1004:1106 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 3 54 theme commercial 668:677 arg1 databases 679:687 commercial databases 668:687 commercial databases 668:687 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 1 55 theme consumer 238:245 arg1 behaviors 258:266 consumer purchasing behaviors 238:266 consumer purchasing behaviors 238:266 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 7 56 dep 6.6±0.01 1730:1737 arg1 to 1727:1728 to 1727:1728 to 1727:1728 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 6 57 theme pre-existing 1419:1430 arg1 products 1453:1460 pre-existing and newly introduced products 1419:1460 pre-existing and newly introduced products 1419:1460 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 7 58 dep purchased 1679:1687 arg1 increased 1689:1697 increased 1689:1697 purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01 1679:1737 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 58 dep purchased 1679:1687 arg1 products 1670:1677 products 1670:1677 products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01 1670:1737 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 1 59 theme food 326:329 arg1 manufacturers 331:343 food manufacturers 326:343 food manufacturers 326:343 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 5 60 from purchases 1150:1158 arg1 grams 1184:1188 grams 1184:1188 grams 1184:1188 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 8 61 theme shift 2063:2067 arg1 purchases 2078:2086 shift consumer purchases 2063:2086 shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities 2063:2156 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 3 62 attach linked 693:698 arg2 information 651:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information 622:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases 622:687 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 3 62 attach linked 693:698 arg1 products 711:718 RTE GBD products 703:718 RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 703:809 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 7 63 from density 1645:1651 arg1 grams 1895:1899 grams 1895:1899 grams 1895:1899 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 5 64 from products 1171:1178 arg1 grams 1184:1188 grams 1184:1188 grams 1184:1188 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 1 65 theme nutritional 178:188 arg1 content 190:196 the nutritional content 174:196 the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts 174:233 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 8 66 with products 2095:2102 arg1 energy 2115:2120 lower energy 2109:2120 lower energy 2109:2120 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 8 66 with products 2095:2102 arg1 fat 2133:2135 saturated fat 2123:2135 saturated fat 2123:2135 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 8 66 with products 2095:2102 arg1 densities 2148:2156 sugar densities 2142:2156 sugar densities 2142:2156 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 4 67 theme regression 840:849 arg1 models 851:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models 812:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models 812:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 5 68 from fat 1225:1227 arg1 purchases 1150:1158 household purchases 1140:1158 household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) 1140:1189 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 3 69 theme GBD 707:709 arg1 products 711:718 RTE GBD products 703:718 RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 703:809 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 6 70 dep 6.5±0.2 1376:1382 arg1 7.9±0.2 1407:1413 7.9±0.2 1407:1413 7.9±0.2 1407:1413 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 6 70 dep 6.5±0.2 1376:1382 arg1 7.3±0.2 1395:1401 7.3±0.2 1395:1401 7.3±0.2 1395:1401 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 6 70 dep 6.5±0.2 1376:1382 arg1 to 1392:1393 to 1392:1393 to 1392:1393 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 7 71 theme % 1919:1919 arg1 % 1924:1924 24.1%±0.4% 1915:1924 24.1%±0.4% 1915:1924 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 8 72 theme lower 2109:2113 arg1 energy 2115:2120 lower energy 2109:2120 lower energy 2109:2120 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 6 73 theme fat 1301:1303 arg1 density 1305:1311 The saturated fat density 1287:1311 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products 1279:1345 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 6 73 theme fat 1301:1303 arg1 g 1324:1324 grams/100 g 1314:1324 grams/100 g 1314:1324 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 1 74 theme products 215:222 arg1 content 190:196 the nutritional content 174:196 the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts 174:233 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 7 75 theme GBD 1555:1557 arg1 products 1559:1566 RTE GBD products 1551:1566 RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1551:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 75 theme GBD 1555:1557 arg1 decreased 1578:1586 decreased 1578:1586 purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1568:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 2 76 theme RTE 532:534 arg1 products 563:570 ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products 518:570 ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 518:619 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 5 77 from density 1240:1246 arg1 purchases 1150:1158 household purchases 1140:1158 household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) 1140:1189 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 3 78 from databases 679:687 arg1 information 651:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information 622:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases 622:687 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 5 79 theme household 1056:1064 arg1 composition/size 1066:1081 household composition/size 1056:1081 household composition/size 1056:1081 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 1 80 theme shifts 228:233 arg1 content 190:196 the nutritional content 174:196 the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts 174:233 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 6 81 dep RESULTS 1279:1285 arg1 density 1305:1311 The saturated fat density 1287:1311 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products 1279:1345 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 6 81 dep RESULTS 1279:1285 arg1 g 1324:1324 grams/100 g 1314:1324 grams/100 g 1314:1324 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 2 82 theme ready-to-eat 518:529 arg1 products 563:570 ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products 518:570 ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 518:619 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 7 83 dep 422±0.2 1618:1624 arg1 to 1615:1616 to 1615:1616 to 1615:1616 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 3 84 theme Nielsen 763:769 arg1 dataset 793:799 the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 759:809 the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 759:809 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 5 85 from energy 1207:1212 arg1 purchases 1150:1158 household purchases 1140:1158 household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) 1140:1189 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 5 86 theme sugar 1234:1238 arg1 density 1240:1246 sugar density 1234:1246 sugar density 1234:1246 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 8 87 dep decreasing 2173:2182 arg1 addition 2161:2168 addition 2161:2168 addition 2161:2168 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 7 88 theme products 1670:1677 arg1 density 1750:1756 the sugar density 1740:1756 the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02 1740:1844 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 88 theme products 1670:1677 arg1 density 1519:1525 the energy density 1508:1525 the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1508:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 88 theme products 1670:1677 arg1 density 1645:1651 the saturated fat density 1627:1651 the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01 1627:1737 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 88 theme products 1670:1677 arg1 g 1769:1769 grams/100 g 1759:1769 grams/100 g 1759:1769 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 88 theme products 1670:1677 arg1 purchases 1861:1869 household purchases 1851:1869 household purchases 1851:1869 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 88 theme products 1670:1677 arg1 g 1545:1545 kilocalories/100 g 1528:1545 kilocalories/100 g 1528:1545 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 88 theme products 1670:1677 arg1 g 1664:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 2 89 theme grain-based 537:547 arg1 products 563:570 ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products 518:570 ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 518:619 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 6 90 theme GBD 1334:1336 arg1 products 1338:1345 RTE GBD products 1330:1345 RTE GBD products 1330:1345 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 7 91 theme energy 1512:1517 arg1 density 1519:1525 the energy density 1508:1525 the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1508:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 91 theme energy 1512:1517 arg1 g 1545:1545 kilocalories/100 g 1528:1545 kilocalories/100 g 1528:1545 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 4 92 theme products 946:953 arg1 density 927:933 sugar density 921:933 sugar density 921:933 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 4 92 theme products 946:953 arg1 energy 894:899 energy 894:899 energy 894:899 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 4 92 theme products 946:953 arg1 fat 912:914 saturated fat 902:914 saturated fat 902:914 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 5 93 theme saturated 1215:1223 arg1 fat 1225:1227 saturated fat 1215:1227 saturated fat 1215:1227 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 3 94 theme longitudinal 780:791 arg1 dataset 793:799 the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 759:809 the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 759:809 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 4 95 dep energy 894:899 arg1 the 890:892 the 890:892 the 890:892 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 4 96 from changes 879:885 arg1 density 927:933 sugar density 921:933 sugar density 921:933 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 4 96 from changes 879:885 arg1 energy 894:899 energy 894:899 energy 894:899 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 4 96 from changes 879:885 arg1 fat 912:914 saturated fat 902:914 saturated fat 902:914 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 7 97 theme GBD 1878:1880 arg1 products 1882:1889 RTE GBD products 1874:1889 RTE GBD products 1874:1889 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 2 98 theme saturated 481:489 arg1 fat 491:493 saturated fat 481:493 saturated fat 481:493 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 7 99 dep purchased 1784:1792 arg1 decreased 1794:1802 decreased 1794:1802 purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02 1784:1844 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 99 dep purchased 1784:1792 arg1 products 1775:1782 products 1775:1782 products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02 1775:1844 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 5 100 used used 1113:1116 arg2 models 1019:1024 Random effects models 1004:1024 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location 1004:1106 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 5 101 theme geographic 1088:1097 arg1 location 1099:1106 geographic location 1088:1106 geographic location 1088:1106 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 7 102 theme household 1851:1859 arg1 purchases 1861:1869 household purchases 1851:1869 household purchases 1851:1869 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 1 103 from changes 163:169 arg1 behaviors 258:266 consumer purchasing behaviors 238:266 consumer purchasing behaviors 238:266 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 1 103 from changes 163:169 arg1 content 190:196 the nutritional content 174:196 the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts 174:233 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 7 104 theme saturated 1631:1639 arg1 density 1645:1651 the saturated fat density 1627:1651 the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01 1627:1737 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 104 theme saturated 1631:1639 arg1 g 1664:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 2 105 theme sugar 500:504 arg1 density 506:512 sugar density 500:512 sugar density 500:512 OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the nutritional content (eg, energy, saturated fat, and sugar density) of ready-to-eat (RTE) grain-based dessert (GBD) products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 3 106 from households 733:742 arg1 dataset 793:799 the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 759:809 the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012 759:809 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 1 107 theme purchasing 247:256 arg1 behaviors 258:266 consumer purchasing behaviors 238:266 consumer purchasing behaviors 238:266 BACKGROUND Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of food/beverage products and shifts in consumer purchasing behaviors is needed to measure the effectiveness of efforts by both food manufacturers and policy makers to improve dietary quality in the United States. 25541065 7 108 from purchases 1861:1869 arg1 grams 1895:1899 grams 1895:1899 grams 1895:1899 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 109 from density 1750:1756 arg1 grams 1895:1899 grams 1895:1899 grams 1895:1899 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 110 dep 31.3±0.02 1836:1844 arg1 to 1833:1834 to 1833:1834 to 1833:1834 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 5 111 theme GBD 1255:1257 arg1 products 1259:1266 RTE GBD products 1251:1266 RTE GBD products purchased 1251:1276 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 6 112 from 6.5±0.2 1376:1382 arg1 2005 1387:1390 2005 1387:1390 2005 1387:1390 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 5 113 theme GBD 1167:1169 arg1 products 1171:1178 RTE GBD products 1163:1178 RTE GBD products (in grams) 1163:1189 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 3 114 theme Nutrition 629:637 arg1 information 651:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information 622:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases 622:687 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 8 115 theme health 2017:2022 arg1 officials 2024:2032 public health officials 2010:2032 public health officials 2010:2032 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 4 116 theme RTE 938:940 arg1 products 946:953 RTE GBD products 938:953 RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012 938:1001 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 0 117 theme ready-to-eat 49:60 arg1 products 82:89 ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products 49:89 ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012 49:138 Monitoring changes in the nutritional content of ready-to-eat grain-based dessert products manufactured and purchased between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 5 118 theme household 1140:1148 arg1 purchases 1150:1158 household purchases 1140:1158 household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) 1140:1189 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 5 119 theme Random 1004:1009 arg1 models 1019:1024 Random effects models 1004:1024 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location 1004:1106 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25541065 4 120 theme ANALYSIS 824:831 arg1 models 851:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models 812:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models 812:856 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear regression models were used to examine changes in the energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products manufactured in each year between 2005 and 2012. 25541065 6 121 theme introduced 1442:1451 arg1 products 1453:1460 pre-existing and newly introduced products 1419:1460 pre-existing and newly introduced products 1419:1460 RESULTS The saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of RTE GBD products increased significantly from 6.5±0.2 in 2005 to 7.3±0.2 and 7.9±0.2 for pre-existing and newly introduced products in 2012, respectively. 25541065 7 122 theme products 1775:1782 arg1 density 1750:1756 the sugar density 1740:1756 the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02 1740:1844 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 122 theme products 1775:1782 arg1 density 1519:1525 the energy density 1508:1525 the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2 1508:1624 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 122 theme products 1775:1782 arg1 density 1645:1651 the saturated fat density 1627:1651 the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01 1627:1737 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 122 theme products 1775:1782 arg1 g 1769:1769 grams/100 g 1759:1769 grams/100 g 1759:1769 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 122 theme products 1775:1782 arg1 purchases 1861:1869 household purchases 1851:1869 household purchases 1851:1869 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 122 theme products 1775:1782 arg1 g 1545:1545 kilocalories/100 g 1528:1545 kilocalories/100 g 1528:1545 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 7 122 theme products 1775:1782 arg1 g 1664:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 grams/100 g 1654:1664 Between 2005 and 2012, the energy density (kilocalories/100 g) of RTE GBD products purchased decreased significantly from 433±0.2 to 422±0.2, the saturated fat density (grams/100 g) of products purchased increased significantly from 6.3±0.01 to 6.6±0.01, the sugar density (grams/100 g) of products purchased decreased significantly from 32.4±0.03 to 31.3±0.02, and household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) decreased by 24.1%±0.4%. 25541065 8 123 theme RTE 2205:2207 arg1 GBDs 2209:2212 RTE GBDs 2205:2212 RTE GBDs 2205:2212 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 8 124 theme new 2045:2047 arg1 strategies 2049:2058 new strategies 2045:2058 new strategies 2045:2058 CONCLUSIONS These results highlight an opportunity for both food manufacturers and public health officials to develop new strategies to shift consumer purchases toward products with lower energy, saturated fat, and sugar densities in addition to decreasing overall purchases of RTE GBDs. 25541065 3 125 theme panel 645:649 arg1 information 651:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information 622:661 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases 622:687 DESIGN Nutrition Facts panel information from commercial databases was linked to RTE GBD products purchased by households (N=134,128) in the Nielsen Homescan longitudinal dataset 2005-2012. 25541065 5 126 theme average 1199:1205 arg1 energy 1207:1212 average energy 1199:1212 average energy 1199:1212 Random effects models controlling for demographics, household composition/size, and geographic location were used to examine changes in household purchases of RTE GBD products (in grams) and the average energy, saturated fat, and sugar density of RTE GBD products purchased. 25626816 10 0 theme safranin 1588:1595 arg1 O 1597:1597 safranin O 1588:1597 safranin O 1588:1597 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 7 1 theme Young 1177:1181 arg1 modulus 1185:1191 compressive Young's modulus 1165:1191 compressive Young's modulus 1165:1191 Mechanical strength was compared by compressive Young's modulus. 25626816 11 2 dep cartilage 1746:1754 arg1 similar 1728:1734 similar 1728:1734 similar 1728:1734 The Young's modulus was only half of and similar to normal cartilage in 8- and 24-week implants, respectively. 25626816 6 3 theme safranin 930:937 arg1 O 939:939 safranin O 930:939 safranin O 930:939 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 10 4 theme elastica 1616:1623 arg1 Gieson 1629:1634 elastica van Gieson 1616:1634 elastica van Gieson 1616:1634 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 3 5 theme chondrocyte 587:597 arg1 membranes 599:607 chondrocyte membranes 587:607 chondrocyte membranes 587:607 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) were seeded to produce chondrocyte membranes after cultivation under chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks. 25626816 10 6 theme blue 1610:1613 arg1 toluidine 1600:1608 toluidine blue 1600:1613 toluidine blue 1600:1613 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 4 7 theme ear-shaped 727:736 arg1 mold 747:750 the ear-shaped titanium mold 723:750 the ear-shaped titanium mold 723:750 Then, three-layer chondrocyte membranes were tailored on the ear-shaped titanium mold and fixed by 6-0 nylon. 25626816 12 8 dep prefabricated 1943:1955 arg1 ear-shaped 1977:1986 ear-shaped 1977:1986 ear-shaped 1977:1986 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that an ear-shaped elastic cartilage could be regenerated by a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold. 25626816 12 8 dep prefabricated 1943:1955 arg1 three-dimensional 1958:1974 three-dimensional 1958:1974 three-dimensional 1958:1974 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that an ear-shaped elastic cartilage could be regenerated by a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold. 25626816 7 9 theme Mechanical 1129:1138 arg1 strength 1140:1147 Mechanical strength 1129:1147 Mechanical strength 1129:1147 Mechanical strength was compared by compressive Young's modulus. 25626816 4 10 theme chondrocyte 684:694 arg1 membranes 696:704 three-layer chondrocyte membranes 672:704 three-layer chondrocyte membranes 672:704 Then, three-layer chondrocyte membranes were tailored on the ear-shaped titanium mold and fixed by 6-0 nylon. 25626816 10 11 theme Gieson 1629:1634 arg1 stains 1679:1684 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 1588:1684 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 1588:1684 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 6 12 theme Gieson 971:976 arg1 stains 1021:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 10 13 theme immunohistochemistry 1658:1677 arg1 stains 1679:1684 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 1588:1684 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 1588:1684 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 6 14 theme elastica 958:965 arg1 Gieson 971:976 elastica van Gieson 958:976 elastica van Gieson 958:976 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 4 15 theme 6-0 765:767 arg1 nylon 769:773 6-0 nylon 765:773 6-0 nylon 765:773 Then, three-layer chondrocyte membranes were tailored on the ear-shaped titanium mold and fixed by 6-0 nylon. 25626816 10 16 theme type 1650:1653 arg1 stains 1679:1684 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 1588:1684 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 1588:1684 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 1 17 theme traumatic 135:143 arg1 injury 145:150 traumatic injury 135:150 traumatic injury 135:150 BACKGROUND Ear defects caused by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and congenital deficiency are still challenging problems for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. 25626816 6 18 theme blue 952:955 arg1 toluidine 942:950 toluidine blue 942:955 toluidine blue 942:955 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 3 19 theme High-density 508:519 arg1 cells 557:561 approximately 30 × 10 cells 535:561 approximately 30 × 10 cells 535:561 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) were seeded to produce chondrocyte membranes after cultivation under chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks. 25626816 3 19 theme High-density 508:519 arg1 chondrocytes 521:532 METHODS High-density chondrocytes 500:532 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) 500:562 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) were seeded to produce chondrocyte membranes after cultivation under chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks. 25626816 2 20 dep scaffold-free 294:306 arg1 ear-shaped 309:318 ear-shaped 309:318 ear-shaped 309:318 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 25626816 0 21 theme porcine 72:78 arg1 membrane 92:99 scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane 58:99 scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane 58:99 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering by scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane. 25626816 9 22 theme membrane 1338:1345 arg1 composite 1313:1321 The composite 1309:1321 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy 1309:1364 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 9 22 theme membrane 1338:1345 arg1 membrane 1338:1345 chondrocyte membrane 1326:1345 chondrocyte membrane 1326:1345 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 9 22 theme membrane 1338:1345 arg1 alloy 1360:1364 titanium alloy 1351:1364 titanium alloy 1351:1364 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 11 23 from half 1716:1719 arg1 implants 1774:1781 8- and 24-week implants 1759:1781 8- and 24-week implants 1759:1781 The Young's modulus was only half of and similar to normal cartilage in 8- and 24-week implants, respectively. 25626816 12 24 dep CONCLUSION 1798:1807 arg1 demonstrated 1820:1831 demonstrated 1820:1831 demonstrated that an ear-shaped elastic cartilage could be regenerated by a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold 1820:2000 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that an ear-shaped elastic cartilage could be regenerated by a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold. 25626816 9 25 theme titanium 1351:1358 arg1 alloy 1360:1364 titanium alloy 1351:1364 titanium alloy 1351:1364 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 6 26 theme immunohistochemistry 1000:1019 arg1 stains 1021:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 6 27 theme type 992:995 arg1 stains 1021:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 10 28 theme elastic 1544:1550 arg1 cartilage 1552:1560 elastic cartilage 1544:1560 elastic cartilage 1544:1560 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 10 28 theme elastic 1544:1550 arg1 tissue 1508:1513 the newly formed tissue 1491:1513 the newly formed tissue at the implant construct 1491:1538 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 9 29 theme stable 1381:1386 arg1 shape 1397:1401 the stable ear-like shape 1377:1401 the stable ear-like shape 1377:1401 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 6 30 theme native 1111:1116 arg1 cartilage 1118:1126 native cartilage 1111:1126 native cartilage 1111:1126 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 0 31 theme Prefabricated 0:12 arg1 engineering 43:53 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering 0:53 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering by scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane 0:99 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering by scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane. 25626816 12 32 theme prefabricated 1943:1955 arg1 mold 1997:2000 a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold 1941:2000 a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold 1941:2000 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that an ear-shaped elastic cartilage could be regenerated by a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold. 25626816 1 33 theme Ear 113:115 arg1 defects 117:123 BACKGROUND Ear defects 102:123 BACKGROUND Ear defects caused by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and congenital deficiency 102:193 BACKGROUND Ear defects caused by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and congenital deficiency are still challenging problems for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. 25626816 2 34 theme ear-shaped 463:472 arg1 maintenance 474:484 long-term ear-shaped maintenance 453:484 long-term ear-shaped maintenance 453:484 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 25626816 12 35 theme scaffold-free 1896:1908 arg1 membrane 1922:1929 a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane 1894:1929 a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold 1894:2000 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that an ear-shaped elastic cartilage could be regenerated by a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold. 25626816 6 36 theme 24-week 896:902 arg1 implants 904:911 24-week implants 896:911 24-week implants 896:911 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 6 37 theme total 1082:1086 arg1 collagen 1088:1095 total collagen 1082:1095 total collagen 1082:1095 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 0 38 theme tissue 36:41 arg1 engineering 43:53 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering 0:53 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering by scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane 0:99 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering by scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane. 25626816 5 39 theme nude 833:836 arg1 mice 838:841 nude mice 833:841 nude mice 833:841 The constructs were implanted onto the dorsal pockets of nude mice for 8 and 24 weeks. 25626816 6 40 theme quantitative 1032:1043 arg1 measurement 1045:1055 quantitative measurement 1032:1055 quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen 1032:1095 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 12 41 theme elastic 1852:1858 arg1 cartilage 1860:1868 an ear-shaped elastic cartilage 1838:1868 an ear-shaped elastic cartilage 1838:1868 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that an ear-shaped elastic cartilage could be regenerated by a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold. 25626816 6 42 theme glycosaminoglycan 1060:1076 arg1 stains 1021:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 6 42 theme glycosaminoglycan 1060:1076 arg1 measurement 1045:1055 quantitative measurement 1032:1055 quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen 1032:1095 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 11 43 theme 8- 1759:1760 arg1 implants 1774:1781 8- and 24-week implants 1759:1781 8- and 24-week implants 1759:1781 The Young's modulus was only half of and similar to normal cartilage in 8- and 24-week implants, respectively. 25626816 2 44 theme chondrocyte 358:368 arg1 membrane 370:377 a multilayered chondrocyte membrane 343:377 a multilayered chondrocyte membrane 343:377 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 25626816 9 45 theme implantation 1440:1451 arg1 weeks 1418:1422 8 and 24 weeks 1409:1422 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation 1409:1451 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 10 46 theme toluidine 1600:1608 arg1 stains 1679:1684 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 1588:1684 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 1588:1684 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 11 47 theme cartilage 1746:1754 arg1 half 1716:1719 only half 1711:1719 only half of and similar to normal cartilage 1711:1754 The Young's modulus was only half of and similar to normal cartilage in 8- and 24-week implants, respectively. 25626816 2 48 theme alloy 405:409 arg1 model 411:415 an ear-shaped titanium alloy model 382:415 an ear-shaped titanium alloy model 382:415 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 25626816 1 49 theme reconstructive 246:259 arg1 surgeon 261:267 the plastic and reconstructive surgeon 230:267 the plastic and reconstructive surgeon 230:267 BACKGROUND Ear defects caused by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and congenital deficiency are still challenging problems for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. 25626816 0 50 theme scaffold-free 58:70 arg1 membrane 92:99 scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane 58:99 scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane 58:99 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering by scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane. 25626816 6 51 theme toluidine 942:950 arg1 stains 1021:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 0 52 dep Prefabricated 0:12 arg1 ear-shaped 15:24 ear-shaped 15:24 ear-shaped 15:24 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering by scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane. 25626816 10 53 theme O 1597:1597 arg1 stains 1679:1684 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 1588:1684 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 1588:1684 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 7 54 theme compressive 1165:1175 arg1 modulus 1185:1191 compressive Young's modulus 1165:1191 compressive Young's modulus 1165:1191 Mechanical strength was compared by compressive Young's modulus. 25626816 2 55 theme ear-shaped 385:394 arg1 model 411:415 an ear-shaped titanium alloy model 382:415 an ear-shaped titanium alloy model 382:415 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 25626816 6 56 theme O 939:939 arg1 stains 1021:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 10 57 theme van 1625:1627 arg1 Gieson 1629:1634 elastica van Gieson 1616:1634 elastica van Gieson 1616:1634 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 10 58 theme Histologic 1454:1463 arg1 examination 1465:1475 Histologic examination 1454:1475 Histologic examination 1454:1475 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 2 59 theme scaffold-free 294:306 arg1 cartilage 320:328 a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage 292:328 a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage 292:328 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 25626816 1 60 theme congenital 173:182 arg1 deficiency 184:193 congenital deficiency 173:193 congenital deficiency 173:193 BACKGROUND Ear defects caused by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and congenital deficiency are still challenging problems for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. 25626816 10 61 theme collagen 1641:1648 arg1 type 1650:1653 collagen type II 1641:1656 collagen type II 1641:1656 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 8 62 theme chondrocyte 1226:1236 arg1 durable 1251:1257 durable 1251:1257 durable 1251:1257 RESULTS Results showed that the chondrocyte membrane was durable and nonfragile and easily manipulated by forceps. 25626816 8 62 theme chondrocyte 1226:1236 arg1 membrane 1238:1245 the chondrocyte membrane 1222:1245 the chondrocyte membrane 1222:1245 RESULTS Results showed that the chondrocyte membrane was durable and nonfragile and easily manipulated by forceps. 25626816 6 63 theme collagen 983:990 arg1 type 992:995 collagen type II 983:998 collagen type II 983:998 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 1 64 theme plastic 234:240 arg1 surgeon 261:267 the plastic and reconstructive surgeon 230:267 the plastic and reconstructive surgeon 230:267 BACKGROUND Ear defects caused by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and congenital deficiency are still challenging problems for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. 25626816 4 65 theme three-layer 672:682 arg1 membranes 696:704 three-layer chondrocyte membranes 672:704 three-layer chondrocyte membranes 672:704 Then, three-layer chondrocyte membranes were tailored on the ear-shaped titanium mold and fixed by 6-0 nylon. 25626816 6 66 theme van 967:969 arg1 Gieson 971:976 elastica van Gieson 958:976 elastica van Gieson 958:976 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 3 67 theme chondrogenic 633:644 arg1 medium 646:651 chondrogenic medium 633:651 chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks 633:663 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) were seeded to produce chondrocyte membranes after cultivation under chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks. 25626816 0 68 theme chondrocyte 80:90 arg1 membrane 92:99 scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane 58:99 scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane 58:99 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering by scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane. 25626816 9 69 theme chondrocyte 1326:1336 arg1 membrane 1338:1345 chondrocyte membrane 1326:1345 chondrocyte membrane 1326:1345 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 1 70 theme tumor 153:157 arg1 ablation 159:166 tumor ablation 153:166 tumor ablation 153:166 BACKGROUND Ear defects caused by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and congenital deficiency are still challenging problems for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. 25626816 10 71 from 8 1570:1570 arg1 cartilage 1552:1560 elastic cartilage 1544:1560 elastic cartilage 1544:1560 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 10 71 from 8 1570:1570 arg1 tissue 1508:1513 the newly formed tissue 1491:1513 the newly formed tissue at the implant construct 1491:1538 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 4 72 theme titanium 738:745 arg1 mold 747:750 the ear-shaped titanium mold 723:750 the ear-shaped titanium mold 723:750 Then, three-layer chondrocyte membranes were tailored on the ear-shaped titanium mold and fixed by 6-0 nylon. 25626816 11 73 theme 24-week 1766:1772 arg1 implants 1774:1781 8- and 24-week implants 1759:1781 8- and 24-week implants 1759:1781 The Young's modulus was only half of and similar to normal cartilage in 8- and 24-week implants, respectively. 25626816 5 74 theme dorsal 815:820 arg1 pockets 822:828 the dorsal pockets 811:828 the dorsal pockets of nude mice for 8 and 24 weeks 811:860 The constructs were implanted onto the dorsal pockets of nude mice for 8 and 24 weeks. 25626816 9 75 theme alloy 1360:1364 arg1 composite 1313:1321 The composite 1309:1321 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy 1309:1364 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 9 75 theme alloy 1360:1364 arg1 membrane 1338:1345 chondrocyte membrane 1326:1345 chondrocyte membrane 1326:1345 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 9 75 theme alloy 1360:1364 arg1 alloy 1360:1364 titanium alloy 1351:1364 titanium alloy 1351:1364 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 12 76 theme titanium 1988:1995 arg1 mold 1997:2000 a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold 1941:2000 a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold 1941:2000 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that an ear-shaped elastic cartilage could be regenerated by a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold. 25626816 10 77 theme formed 1501:1506 arg1 cartilage 1552:1560 elastic cartilage 1544:1560 elastic cartilage 1544:1560 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 10 77 theme formed 1501:1506 arg1 tissue 1508:1513 the newly formed tissue 1491:1513 the newly formed tissue at the implant construct 1491:1538 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 10 78 from weeks 1579:1583 arg1 cartilage 1552:1560 elastic cartilage 1544:1560 elastic cartilage 1544:1560 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 10 78 from weeks 1579:1583 arg1 tissue 1508:1513 the newly formed tissue 1491:1513 the newly formed tissue at the implant construct 1491:1538 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 9 79 theme ear-like 1388:1395 arg1 shape 1397:1401 the stable ear-like shape 1377:1401 the stable ear-like shape 1377:1401 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 1 80 theme BACKGROUND 102:111 arg1 defects 117:123 BACKGROUND Ear defects 102:123 BACKGROUND Ear defects caused by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and congenital deficiency 102:193 BACKGROUND Ear defects caused by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and congenital deficiency are still challenging problems for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. 25626816 2 81 theme nude 489:492 arg1 mice 494:497 nude mice 489:497 nude mice 489:497 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 25626816 10 82 theme implant 1522:1528 arg1 construct 1530:1538 the implant construct 1518:1538 the implant construct 1518:1538 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 8 83 dep RESULTS 1194:1200 arg1 showed 1210:1215 showed 1210:1215 showed that the chondrocyte membrane was durable and nonfragile and easily manipulated by forceps 1210:1306 RESULTS Results showed that the chondrocyte membrane was durable and nonfragile and easily manipulated by forceps. 25626816 0 84 theme cartilage 26:34 arg1 engineering 43:53 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering 0:53 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering by scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane 0:99 Prefabricated, ear-shaped cartilage tissue engineering by scaffold-free porcine chondrocyte membrane. 25626816 12 85 theme chondrocyte 1910:1920 arg1 membrane 1922:1929 a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane 1894:1929 a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold 1894:2000 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that an ear-shaped elastic cartilage could be regenerated by a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold. 25626816 6 86 theme collagen 1088:1095 arg1 stains 1021:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains 930:1026 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 6 86 theme collagen 1088:1095 arg1 measurement 1045:1055 quantitative measurement 1032:1055 quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen 1032:1095 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 2 87 theme maintenance 474:484 arg1 possibility 438:448 the possibility 434:448 the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance 434:484 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 25626816 2 88 theme long-term 453:461 arg1 maintenance 474:484 long-term ear-shaped maintenance 453:484 long-term ear-shaped maintenance 453:484 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 25626816 3 89 theme METHODS 500:506 arg1 cells 557:561 approximately 30 × 10 cells 535:561 approximately 30 × 10 cells 535:561 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) were seeded to produce chondrocyte membranes after cultivation under chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks. 25626816 3 89 theme METHODS 500:506 arg1 chondrocytes 521:532 METHODS High-density chondrocytes 500:532 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) 500:562 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) were seeded to produce chondrocyte membranes after cultivation under chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks. 25626816 5 90 theme mice 838:841 arg1 pockets 822:828 the dorsal pockets 811:828 the dorsal pockets of nude mice for 8 and 24 weeks 811:860 The constructs were implanted onto the dorsal pockets of nude mice for 8 and 24 weeks. 25626816 10 91 from construct 1530:1538 arg1 cartilage 1552:1560 elastic cartilage 1544:1560 elastic cartilage 1544:1560 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 10 91 from construct 1530:1538 arg1 tissue 1508:1513 the newly formed tissue 1491:1513 the newly formed tissue at the implant construct 1491:1538 Histologic examination verified that the newly formed tissue at the implant construct was elastic cartilage at both 8 and 24 weeks by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains. 25626816 12 92 theme ear-shaped 1841:1850 arg1 cartilage 1860:1868 an ear-shaped elastic cartilage 1838:1868 an ear-shaped elastic cartilage 1838:1868 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that an ear-shaped elastic cartilage could be regenerated by a scaffold-free chondrocyte membrane shaped by a prefabricated, three-dimensional, ear-shaped titanium mold. 25626816 3 93 theme × 552:552 arg1 cells 557:561 approximately 30 × 10 cells 535:561 approximately 30 × 10 cells 535:561 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) were seeded to produce chondrocyte membranes after cultivation under chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks. 25626816 3 93 theme × 552:552 arg1 chondrocytes 521:532 METHODS High-density chondrocytes 500:532 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) 500:562 METHODS High-density chondrocytes (approximately 30 × 10 cells) were seeded to produce chondrocyte membranes after cultivation under chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks. 25626816 9 94 theme subcutaneous 1427:1438 arg1 implantation 1440:1451 subcutaneous implantation 1427:1451 subcutaneous implantation 1427:1451 The composite of chondrocyte membrane and titanium alloy maintained the stable ear-like shape after 8 and 24 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. 25626816 6 95 theme chondrocyte 867:877 arg1 membrane 879:886 The chondrocyte membrane 863:886 The chondrocyte membrane 863:886 The chondrocyte membrane, 8- and 24-week implants were analyzed by safranin O, toluidine blue, elastica van Gieson, and collagen type II immunohistochemistry stains and quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen compared with native cartilage. 25626816 2 96 theme multilayered 345:356 arg1 membrane 370:377 a multilayered chondrocyte membrane 343:377 a multilayered chondrocyte membrane 343:377 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 25626816 2 97 theme titanium 396:403 arg1 model 411:415 an ear-shaped titanium alloy model 382:415 an ear-shaped titanium alloy model 382:415 The authors developed a scaffold-free, ear-shaped cartilage by tailoring a multilayered chondrocyte membrane on an ear-shaped titanium alloy model and investigated the possibility of long-term ear-shaped maintenance in nude mice. 26709835 2 0 theme metabolic 340:348 arg1 disease-phenotypes 350:367 metabolic disease-phenotypes 340:367 metabolic disease-phenotypes 340:367 However, the relationship between changes in microbial communities and metabolic disease-phenotypes are still poorly understood. 26709835 9 1 theme gene 1512:1515 arg1 regions 1517:1523 gene regions V1-V3 1512:1529 bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 1493:1529 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 9 2 theme % 1642:1642 arg1 mice 1656:1659 10% OFS treated mice 1640:1659 10% OFS treated mice 1640:1659 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 6 3 dep ceftazidime 1067:1077 arg1 treatments 1091:1100 treatments 1091:1100 treatments 1091:1100 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 9 4 theme treated 1648:1654 arg1 mice 1656:1659 10% OFS treated mice 1640:1659 10% OFS treated mice 1640:1659 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 10 5 theme specific 1716:1723 arg1 changes 1725:1731 specific changes 1716:1731 specific changes in microbial community composition 1716:1766 We show that specific changes in microbial community composition are associated with obesity and glycemic control phenotypes. 26709835 1 6 theme therapeutic 174:184 arg1 target 186:191 a potential therapeutic target 162:191 a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 162:266 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 1 6 theme therapeutic 174:184 arg1 microbiome 129:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome 102:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome 102:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 10 7 theme control 1809:1815 arg1 phenotypes 1817:1826 glycemic control phenotypes 1800:1826 glycemic control phenotypes 1800:1826 We show that specific changes in microbial community composition are associated with obesity and glycemic control phenotypes. 26709835 9 8 theme greater 1667:1673 arg1 abundance 1675:1683 a greater abundance 1665:1683 a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes 1665:1700 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 3 9 theme relevant 566:573 arg1 biomarkers 612:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers 566:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM 566:641 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 1 10 theme tract 123:127 arg1 microbiome 129:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome 102:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome 102:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 1 10 theme tract 123:127 arg1 target 186:191 a potential therapeutic target 162:191 a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 162:266 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 7 11 from improvement 1196:1206 arg1 tyrosine 1280:1287 protein tyrosine tyrosine 1263:1287 protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) 1263:1293 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 11 from improvement 1196:1206 arg1 variables 1225:1233 key metabolic variables 1211:1233 key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 1211:1329 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 11 from improvement 1196:1206 arg1 peptide-1 1313:1321 glucagon-like peptide-1 1299:1321 glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 1299:1329 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 11 from improvement 1196:1206 arg1 insulin 1254:1260 insulin 1254:1260 insulin 1254:1260 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 11 from improvement 1196:1206 arg1 glucose 1245:1251 glucose 1245:1251 glucose 1245:1251 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 9 12 theme DNA 1475:1477 arg1 sequencing 1479:1488 Metagenomic DNA sequencing 1463:1488 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 1463:1529 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 3 13 with antibiotics 421:431 arg1 spectra 471:477 markedly different antibacterial spectra 438:477 markedly different antibacterial spectra 438:477 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 11 14 theme potential 1940:1948 arg1 strategy 1962:1969 a potential therapeutic strategy 1938:1969 a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases 1938:1992 More broadly, our study suggests that in vivo modulation of the microbiome warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. 26709835 11 14 theme potential 1940:1948 arg1 investigation 1921:1933 further investigation 1913:1933 further investigation 1913:1933 More broadly, our study suggests that in vivo modulation of the microbiome warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. 26709835 5 15 theme 10 930:931 arg1 % 932:932 % 932:932 % 932:932 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 10 16 from changes 1725:1731 arg1 composition 1756:1766 microbial community composition 1736:1766 microbial community composition 1736:1766 We show that specific changes in microbial community composition are associated with obesity and glycemic control phenotypes. 26709835 4 17 theme negative 729:736 arg1 bacteria 738:745 a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria 707:745 a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic 707:756 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 9 18 theme dosed 1574:1578 arg1 mice 1580:1583 ceftazidime dosed mice 1562:1583 ceftazidime dosed mice 1562:1583 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 3 19 theme T2DM 638:641 arg1 biomarkers 612:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers 566:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM 566:641 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 9 20 theme 16S 1503:1505 arg1 rRNA 1507:1510 bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 1493:1529 bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 1493:1529 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 9 21 theme bacterial 1493:1501 arg1 rRNA 1507:1510 bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 1493:1529 bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 1493:1529 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 0 22 theme Antibiotic 19:28 arg1 Modulation 30:39 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation 0:39 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 0:100 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 26709835 5 23 theme prebiotic 896:904 arg1 saccharide 948:957 10% oligofructose saccharide 930:957 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS) 930:967 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 5 23 theme prebiotic 896:904 arg1 supplement 918:927 a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement 883:927 a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement 883:927 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 6 24 theme weight 1008:1013 arg1 change 1015:1020 little weight change 1001:1020 little weight change 1001:1020 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 6 25 from change 1015:1020 arg1 control 1053:1059 glycemic control 1044:1059 glycemic control 1044:1059 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 2 26 from changes 303:309 arg1 communities 324:334 microbial communities 314:334 microbial communities 314:334 However, the relationship between changes in microbial communities and metabolic disease-phenotypes are still poorly understood. 26709835 2 26 from changes 303:309 arg1 disease-phenotypes 350:367 metabolic disease-phenotypes 340:367 metabolic disease-phenotypes 340:367 However, the relationship between changes in microbial communities and metabolic disease-phenotypes are still poorly understood. 26709835 9 27 theme mice 1580:1583 arg1 microbiomes 1547:1557 the microbiomes 1543:1557 the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats 1543:1592 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 0 28 theme Rodent 87:92 arg1 Models 94:99 Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models 66:99 Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models 66:99 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 26709835 4 29 dep ceftazidime 694:704 arg1 bacteria 738:745 a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria 707:745 a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic 707:756 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 5 30 theme oligofructose 934:946 arg1 saccharide 948:957 10% oligofructose saccharide 930:957 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS) 930:967 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 5 30 theme oligofructose 934:946 arg1 supplement 918:927 a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement 883:927 a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement 883:927 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 5 30 theme oligofructose 934:946 arg1 OFS 964:966 10% OFS 960:966 10% OFS 960:966 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 4 31 theme anti-Gram 781:789 arg1 activity 809:816 mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity 774:816 mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity 774:816 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 4 31 theme anti-Gram 781:789 arg1 vancomycin 762:771 vancomycin 762:771 vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) 762:817 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 4 32 theme antibiotic 747:756 arg1 bacteria 738:745 a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria 707:745 a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic 707:756 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 0 33 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 Modulation 30:39 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation 0:39 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 0:100 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 26709835 8 34 theme control 1386:1392 arg1 effects 1394:1400 the positive hyperglycemic control effects 1359:1400 the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1359:1460 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 7 35 theme significant 1168:1178 arg1 improvement 1196:1206 significant, dose dependent improvement 1168:1206 significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 1168:1329 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 5 36 theme % 962:962 arg1 saccharide 948:957 10% oligofructose saccharide 930:957 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS) 930:967 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 5 36 theme % 962:962 arg1 OFS 964:966 10% OFS 960:966 10% OFS 960:966 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 6 37 theme glycemic 1044:1051 arg1 control 1053:1059 glycemic control 1044:1059 glycemic control 1044:1059 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 3 38 theme different 447:455 arg1 spectra 471:477 markedly different antibacterial spectra 438:477 markedly different antibacterial spectra 438:477 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 9 39 theme rats 1589:1592 arg1 microbiomes 1547:1557 the microbiomes 1543:1557 the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats 1543:1592 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 4 40 theme three-dose 836:845 arg1 regimen 847:853 an escalating three-dose regimen 822:853 an escalating three-dose regimen 822:853 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 3 41 theme gut 495:497 arg1 microbiome 499:508 the gut microbiome 491:508 the gut microbiome 491:508 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 0 42 theme Gut 48:50 arg1 Microbiome 52:61 the Gut Microbiome 44:61 the Gut Microbiome 44:61 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 26709835 3 43 theme obesity 626:632 arg1 biomarkers 612:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers 566:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM 566:641 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 8 44 theme Zucker 1424:1429 arg1 ZDF 1447:1449 ZDF 1447:1449 ZDF 1447:1449 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 8 44 theme Zucker 1424:1429 arg1 fatty 1440:1444 the Zucker diabetic fatty 1420:1444 the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1420:1460 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 2 45 theme microbial 314:322 arg1 communities 324:334 microbial communities 314:334 microbial communities 314:334 However, the relationship between changes in microbial communities and metabolic disease-phenotypes are still poorly understood. 26709835 6 46 theme significant 1110:1120 arg1 loss 1129:1132 significant weight loss 1110:1132 significant weight loss 1110:1132 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 11 47 theme further 1913:1919 arg1 strategy 1962:1969 a potential therapeutic strategy 1938:1969 a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases 1938:1992 More broadly, our study suggests that in vivo modulation of the microbiome warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. 26709835 11 47 theme further 1913:1919 arg1 investigation 1921:1933 further investigation 1913:1933 further investigation 1913:1933 More broadly, our study suggests that in vivo modulation of the microbiome warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. 26709835 8 48 theme fatty 1440:1444 arg1 model 1456:1460 the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1420:1460 the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1420:1460 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 3 49 theme diet-induced 515:526 arg1 model 542:546 a diet-induced obesity mouse model 513:546 a diet-induced obesity mouse model 513:546 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 11 50 dep potential 1940:1948 arg1 therapeutic 1950:1960 therapeutic 1950:1960 therapeutic 1950:1960 More broadly, our study suggests that in vivo modulation of the microbiome warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. 26709835 1 51 theme Type 236:239 arg1 mellitus 252:259 Type 2 diabetes mellitus 236:259 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 236:266 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 1 51 theme Type 236:239 arg1 T2DM 262:265 T2DM 262:265 T2DM 262:265 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 7 52 theme protein 1263:1269 arg1 tyrosine 1280:1287 protein tyrosine tyrosine 1263:1287 protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) 1263:1293 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 52 theme protein 1263:1269 arg1 PYY 1290:1292 PYY 1290:1292 PYY 1290:1292 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 53 theme metabolic 1215:1223 arg1 tyrosine 1280:1287 protein tyrosine tyrosine 1263:1287 protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) 1263:1293 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 53 theme metabolic 1215:1223 arg1 variables 1225:1233 key metabolic variables 1211:1233 key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 1211:1329 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 53 theme metabolic 1215:1223 arg1 peptide-1 1313:1321 glucagon-like peptide-1 1299:1321 glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 1299:1329 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 53 theme metabolic 1215:1223 arg1 insulin 1254:1260 insulin 1254:1260 insulin 1254:1260 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 53 theme metabolic 1215:1223 arg1 glucose 1245:1251 glucose 1245:1251 glucose 1245:1251 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 1 54 theme diabetes 243:250 arg1 mellitus 252:259 Type 2 diabetes mellitus 236:259 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 236:266 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 1 54 theme diabetes 243:250 arg1 T2DM 262:265 T2DM 262:265 T2DM 262:265 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 9 55 theme 10 1640:1641 arg1 % 1642:1642 % 1642:1642 % 1642:1642 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 6 56 theme % 1085:1085 arg1 OFS 1087:1089 10% OFS 1083:1089 10% OFS 1083:1089 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 10 57 theme microbial 1736:1744 arg1 composition 1756:1766 microbial community composition 1736:1766 microbial community composition 1736:1766 We show that specific changes in microbial community composition are associated with obesity and glycemic control phenotypes. 26709835 9 58 theme OFS 1644:1646 arg1 mice 1656:1659 10% OFS treated mice 1640:1659 10% OFS treated mice 1640:1659 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 3 59 theme mouse 536:540 arg1 model 542:546 a diet-induced obesity mouse model 513:546 a diet-induced obesity mouse model 513:546 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 1 60 theme potential 164:172 arg1 target 186:191 a potential therapeutic target 162:191 a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 162:266 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 1 60 theme potential 164:172 arg1 microbiome 129:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome 102:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome 102:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 11 61 theme metabolic 1975:1983 arg1 diseases 1985:1992 metabolic diseases 1975:1992 metabolic diseases 1975:1992 More broadly, our study suggests that in vivo modulation of the microbiome warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. 26709835 4 62 theme high-fat 655:662 arg1 diet 664:667 a high-fat diet 653:667 a high-fat diet 653:667 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 6 63 from improvement 1029:1039 arg1 control 1053:1059 glycemic control 1044:1059 glycemic control 1044:1059 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 3 64 theme biochemical 575:585 arg1 biomarkers 612:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers 566:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM 566:641 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 8 65 from effects 1394:1400 arg1 model 1456:1460 the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1420:1460 the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1420:1460 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 6 66 theme Vancomycin 970:979 arg1 mice 989:992 Vancomycin treated mice 970:992 Vancomycin treated mice 970:992 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 4 67 theme escalating 825:834 arg1 regimen 847:853 an escalating three-dose regimen 822:853 an escalating three-dose regimen 822:853 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 1 68 theme metabolic 197:205 arg1 diseases 207:214 metabolic diseases 197:214 metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 197:266 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 1 68 theme metabolic 197:205 arg1 obesity 224:230 obesity 224:230 obesity 224:230 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 1 68 theme metabolic 197:205 arg1 mellitus 252:259 Type 2 diabetes mellitus 236:259 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 236:266 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 3 69 theme phenotypic 601:610 arg1 biomarkers 612:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers 566:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM 566:641 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 9 70 theme Metagenomic 1463:1473 arg1 sequencing 1479:1488 Metagenomic DNA sequencing 1463:1488 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 1463:1529 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 9 71 theme Bacteroidetes 1688:1700 arg1 abundance 1675:1683 a greater abundance 1665:1683 a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes 1665:1700 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 8 72 theme rat 1452:1454 arg1 model 1456:1460 the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1420:1460 the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1420:1460 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 3 73 theme hormonal 588:595 arg1 biomarkers 612:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers 566:621 relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM 566:641 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 1 74 theme gastrointestinal 106:121 arg1 microbiome 129:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome 102:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome 102:138 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 1 74 theme gastrointestinal 106:121 arg1 target 186:191 a potential therapeutic target 162:191 a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 162:266 The gastrointestinal tract microbiome has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 26709835 4 75 theme bacteria 800:807 arg1 activity 809:816 mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity 774:816 mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity 774:816 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 4 75 theme bacteria 800:807 arg1 vancomycin 762:771 vancomycin 762:771 vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) 762:817 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 5 76 theme % 932:932 arg1 saccharide 948:957 10% oligofructose saccharide 930:957 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS) 930:967 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 5 76 theme % 932:932 arg1 supplement 918:927 a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement 883:927 a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement 883:927 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 5 76 theme % 932:932 arg1 OFS 964:966 10% OFS 960:966 10% OFS 960:966 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 4 77 theme anti-Gram 719:727 arg1 bacteria 738:745 a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria 707:745 a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic 707:756 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 7 78 theme tyrosine 1271:1278 arg1 tyrosine 1280:1287 protein tyrosine tyrosine 1263:1287 protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) 1263:1293 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 78 theme tyrosine 1271:1278 arg1 PYY 1290:1292 PYY 1290:1292 PYY 1290:1292 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 0 79 theme Obesity 66:72 arg1 Models 94:99 Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models 66:99 Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models 66:99 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 26709835 9 80 theme rRNA 1507:1510 arg1 sequencing 1479:1488 Metagenomic DNA sequencing 1463:1488 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 1463:1529 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 5 81 theme well-known 885:894 arg1 saccharide 948:957 10% oligofructose saccharide 930:957 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS) 930:967 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 5 81 theme well-known 885:894 arg1 supplement 918:927 a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement 883:927 a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement 883:927 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 11 82 dep in 1867:1868 arg1 vivo 1870:1873 vivo 1870:1873 vivo 1870:1873 More broadly, our study suggests that in vivo modulation of the microbiome warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. 26709835 0 83 from Modulation 30:39 arg1 Models 94:99 Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models 66:99 Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models 66:99 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 26709835 7 84 theme key 1211:1213 arg1 tyrosine 1280:1287 protein tyrosine tyrosine 1263:1287 protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) 1263:1293 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 84 theme key 1211:1213 arg1 variables 1225:1233 key metabolic variables 1211:1233 key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 1211:1329 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 84 theme key 1211:1213 arg1 peptide-1 1313:1321 glucagon-like peptide-1 1299:1321 glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 1299:1329 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 84 theme key 1211:1213 arg1 insulin 1254:1260 insulin 1254:1260 insulin 1254:1260 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 84 theme key 1211:1213 arg1 glucose 1245:1251 glucose 1245:1251 glucose 1245:1251 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 0 85 theme Diabetes 78:85 arg1 Models 94:99 Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models 66:99 Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models 66:99 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 26709835 5 86 theme weight-loss 906:916 arg1 saccharide 948:957 10% oligofructose saccharide 930:957 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS) 930:967 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 5 86 theme weight-loss 906:916 arg1 supplement 918:927 a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement 883:927 a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement 883:927 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 6 87 theme little 1001:1006 arg1 change 1015:1020 little weight change 1001:1020 little weight change 1001:1020 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 7 88 dep significant 1168:1178 arg1 dependent 1186:1194 dependent 1186:1194 dependent 1186:1194 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 10 89 theme community 1746:1754 arg1 composition 1756:1766 microbial community composition 1736:1766 microbial community composition 1736:1766 We show that specific changes in microbial community composition are associated with obesity and glycemic control phenotypes. 26709835 3 90 used used 416:419 arg2 we 413:414 we 413:414 we 413:414 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 6 91 theme 10 1083:1084 arg1 % 1085:1085 % 1085:1085 % 1085:1085 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 6 92 theme treated 981:987 arg1 mice 989:992 Vancomycin treated mice 970:992 Vancomycin treated mice 970:992 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 11 93 theme microbiome 1893:1902 arg1 modulation 1875:1884 in vivo modulation 1867:1884 in vivo modulation of the microbiome 1867:1902 More broadly, our study suggests that in vivo modulation of the microbiome warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. 26709835 0 94 theme Spectrum 10:17 arg1 Modulation 30:39 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation 0:39 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 0:100 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 26709835 11 95 theme in 1867:1868 arg1 modulation 1875:1884 in vivo modulation 1867:1884 in vivo modulation of the microbiome 1867:1902 More broadly, our study suggests that in vivo modulation of the microbiome warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. 26709835 5 96 theme 10 960:961 arg1 % 962:962 % 962:962 % 962:962 We also dosed animals with a well-known prebiotic weight-loss supplement, 10% oligofructose saccharide (10% OFS). 26709835 10 97 theme glycemic 1800:1807 arg1 phenotypes 1817:1826 glycemic control phenotypes 1800:1826 glycemic control phenotypes 1800:1826 We show that specific changes in microbial community composition are associated with obesity and glycemic control phenotypes. 26709835 7 98 theme glucagon-like 1299:1311 arg1 GLP-1 1324:1328 GLP-1 1324:1328 GLP-1 1324:1328 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 7 98 theme glucagon-like 1299:1311 arg1 peptide-1 1313:1321 glucagon-like peptide-1 1299:1321 glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 1299:1329 However, only ceftazidime showed significant, dose dependent improvement in key metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, protein tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 26709835 8 99 theme positive 1363:1370 arg1 effects 1394:1400 the positive hyperglycemic control effects 1359:1400 the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1359:1460 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 8 100 theme hyperglycemic 1372:1384 arg1 effects 1394:1400 the positive hyperglycemic control effects 1359:1400 the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1359:1460 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 9 101 contain had 1661:1663 arg1 mice 1656:1659 10% OFS treated mice 1640:1659 10% OFS treated mice 1640:1659 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 9 101 contain had 1661:1663 arg2 abundance 1675:1683 a greater abundance 1665:1683 a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes 1665:1700 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 3 102 theme antibacterial 457:469 arg1 spectra 471:477 markedly different antibacterial spectra 438:477 markedly different antibacterial spectra 438:477 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26709835 0 103 theme Microbiome 52:61 arg1 Modulation 30:39 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation 0:39 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 0:100 Selective Spectrum Antibiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes Rodent Models. 26709835 8 104 theme ceftazidime 1405:1415 arg1 effects 1394:1400 the positive hyperglycemic control effects 1359:1400 the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1359:1460 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 9 105 dep rRNA 1507:1510 arg1 regions 1517:1523 gene regions V1-V3 1512:1529 bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 1493:1529 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 6 106 theme weight 1122:1127 arg1 loss 1129:1132 significant weight loss 1110:1132 significant weight loss 1110:1132 Vancomycin treated mice showed little weight change and no improvement in glycemic control while ceftazidime and 10% OFS treatments induced significant weight loss. 26709835 4 107 theme positive 791:798 arg1 activity 809:816 mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity 774:816 mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity 774:816 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 4 107 theme positive 791:798 arg1 vancomycin 762:771 vancomycin 762:771 vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) 762:817 Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with either ceftazidime (a primarily anti-Gram negative bacteria antibiotic) or vancomycin (mainly anti-Gram positive bacteria activity) in an escalating three-dose regimen. 26709835 9 108 theme phylum 1616:1621 arg1 Firmicutes 1623:1632 the phylum Firmicutes 1612:1632 the phylum Firmicutes 1612:1632 Metagenomic DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene regions V1-V3 showed that the microbiomes of ceftazidime dosed mice and rats were enriched for the phylum Firmicutes while 10% OFS treated mice had a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes. 26709835 8 109 theme diabetic 1431:1438 arg1 ZDF 1447:1449 ZDF 1447:1449 ZDF 1447:1449 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 8 109 theme diabetic 1431:1438 arg1 fatty 1440:1444 the Zucker diabetic fatty 1420:1444 the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model 1420:1460 Subsequently, we confirmed the positive hyperglycemic control effects of ceftazidime in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model. 26709835 3 110 theme obesity 528:534 arg1 model 542:546 a diet-induced obesity mouse model 513:546 a diet-induced obesity mouse model 513:546 In this study, we used antibiotics with markedly different antibacterial spectra to modulate the gut microbiome in a diet-induced obesity mouse model and then measured relevant biochemical, hormonal and phenotypic biomarkers of obesity and T2DM. 26954090 0 0 theme high 69:72 arg1 pressures 74:82 high pressures 69:82 high pressures 69:82 The influence of hyaluronan on the structure of a DPPC-bilayer under high pressures. 26954090 4 1 theme polysaccharide 777:790 arg1 HA 804:805 HA 804:805 HA 804:805 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 4 1 theme polysaccharide 777:790 arg1 hyaluronan 792:801 the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan 765:801 the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) 765:806 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 5 2 theme layer 856:860 arg1 structure 836:844 the structure 832:844 the structure of the HA layer that adsorbed to the DPPC bilayers at ambient pressure and different temperatures using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements 832:986 We first characterized the structure of the HA layer that adsorbed to the DPPC bilayers at ambient pressure and different temperatures using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. 26954090 0 3 from influence 4:12 arg1 structure 35:43 the structure 31:43 the structure of a DPPC-bilayer under high pressures 31:82 The influence of hyaluronan on the structure of a DPPC-bilayer under high pressures. 26954090 4 4 theme anionic 769:775 arg1 HA 804:805 HA 804:805 HA 804:805 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 4 4 theme anionic 769:775 arg1 hyaluronan 792:801 the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan 765:801 the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) 765:806 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 9 5 from transitions 1372:1382 arg1 response 1402:1409 response 1402:1409 response to temperature and pressure changes 1402:1445 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes were also observed in presence and absence of HA. 26954090 1 6 theme many 154:157 arg1 studies 159:165 many studies 154:165 many studies aiming at uncovering the molecular mechanisms which give rise to low friction and wear 154:252 The superior lubrication properties of synovial joints have inspired many studies aiming at uncovering the molecular mechanisms which give rise to low friction and wear. 26954090 8 7 theme supported 1347:1355 arg1 bilayer 1357:1363 the supported bilayer 1343:1363 the supported bilayer 1343:1363 Our data suggest that HA adsorbs to the headgroup region that is oriented towards the water side of the supported bilayer. 26954090 2 8 from interface 393:401 arg1 present 378:384 present 378:384 present 378:384 However, the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, and, in particular, it has not been elucidated how the biolubricants present at the interface of cartilage respond to high pressures, which arise during high loads of joints. 26954090 4 9 theme Si 751:752 arg1 wafer 754:758 a flat Si wafer 744:758 a flat Si wafer 744:758 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 4 10 theme DPPC 689:692 arg1 bilayer 695:701 a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer 640:701 a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer 640:701 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 6 11 used utilized 1003:1010 arg2 XRR 995:997 XRR 995:997 XRR 995:997 Next, XRR was utilized to evaluate the response of the system to high hydrostatic pressures, up to 2kbar (200MPa), at three different temperatures. 26954090 9 12 theme pressure 1430:1437 arg1 changes 1439:1445 pressure changes 1430:1445 pressure changes 1430:1445 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes were also observed in presence and absence of HA. 26954090 9 13 theme bilayer 1391:1397 arg1 transitions 1372:1382 Phase transitions 1366:1382 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes 1366:1445 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes were also observed in presence and absence of HA. 26954090 6 14 theme hydrostatic 1059:1069 arg1 pressures 1071:1079 high hydrostatic pressures 1054:1079 high hydrostatic pressures 1054:1079 Next, XRR was utilized to evaluate the response of the system to high hydrostatic pressures, up to 2kbar (200MPa), at three different temperatures. 26954090 4 15 theme solid 642:646 arg1 bilayer 695:701 a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer 640:701 a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer 640:701 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 2 16 theme high 462:465 arg1 loads 467:471 high loads 462:471 high loads of joints 462:481 However, the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, and, in particular, it has not been elucidated how the biolubricants present at the interface of cartilage respond to high pressures, which arise during high loads of joints. 26954090 10 17 theme hydrostatic 1548:1558 arg1 pressures 1560:1568 high hydrostatic pressures 1543:1568 high hydrostatic pressures for DPPC/HA composite layers 1543:1597 Our results reveal a higher stability against high hydrostatic pressures for DPPC/HA composite layers compared to that of the DPPC bilayer in absence of HA. 26954090 6 18 theme high 1054:1057 arg1 pressures 1071:1079 high hydrostatic pressures 1054:1079 high hydrostatic pressures 1054:1079 Next, XRR was utilized to evaluate the response of the system to high hydrostatic pressures, up to 2kbar (200MPa), at three different temperatures. 26954090 7 19 theme DPPC 1200:1203 arg1 distribution 1184:1195 the distribution 1180:1195 the distribution of DPPC and HA on the surface 1180:1225 By means of fluorescence microscopy images the distribution of DPPC and HA on the surface was visualized. 26954090 6 20 theme different 1113:1121 arg1 temperatures 1123:1134 three different temperatures 1107:1134 three different temperatures 1107:1134 Next, XRR was utilized to evaluate the response of the system to high hydrostatic pressures, up to 2kbar (200MPa), at three different temperatures. 26954090 4 21 dep vesicles 725:732 arg1 fusion 734:739 fusion 734:739 fusion 734:739 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 6 22 theme system 1044:1049 arg1 response 1028:1035 the response 1024:1035 the response of the system to high hydrostatic pressures, up to 2kbar (200MPa) 1024:1101 Next, XRR was utilized to evaluate the response of the system to high hydrostatic pressures, up to 2kbar (200MPa), at three different temperatures. 26954090 8 23 theme bilayer 1357:1363 arg1 side 1335:1338 the water side 1325:1338 the water side of the supported bilayer 1325:1363 Our data suggest that HA adsorbs to the headgroup region that is oriented towards the water side of the supported bilayer. 26954090 4 24 theme dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin 658:686 arg1 bilayer 695:701 a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer 640:701 a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer 640:701 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 9 25 theme HA 1493:1494 arg1 presence 1469:1476 presence 1469:1476 presence 1469:1476 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes were also observed in presence and absence of HA. 26954090 9 25 theme HA 1493:1494 arg1 absence 1482:1488 absence 1482:1488 absence 1482:1488 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes were also observed in presence and absence of HA. 26954090 0 26 theme hyaluronan 17:26 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of hyaluronan on the structure of a DPPC-bilayer under high pressures 0:82 The influence of hyaluronan on the structure of a DPPC-bilayer under high pressures. 26954090 8 27 theme headgroup 1283:1291 arg1 region 1293:1298 the headgroup region 1279:1298 the headgroup region that is oriented towards the water side of the supported bilayer 1279:1363 Our data suggest that HA adsorbs to the headgroup region that is oriented towards the water side of the supported bilayer. 26954090 4 28 theme flat 746:749 arg1 wafer 754:758 a flat Si wafer 744:758 a flat Si wafer 744:758 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 5 29 theme HA 853:854 arg1 layer 856:860 the HA layer 849:860 the HA layer that adsorbed to the DPPC bilayers at ambient pressure and different temperatures using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements 849:986 We first characterized the structure of the HA layer that adsorbed to the DPPC bilayers at ambient pressure and different temperatures using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. 26954090 2 30 theme present 378:384 arg1 biolubricants 364:376 the biolubricants 360:376 the biolubricants present at the interface of cartilage 360:414 However, the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, and, in particular, it has not been elucidated how the biolubricants present at the interface of cartilage respond to high pressures, which arise during high loads of joints. 26954090 10 31 theme DPPC 1623:1626 arg1 bilayer 1628:1634 the DPPC bilayer 1619:1634 the DPPC bilayer 1619:1634 Our results reveal a higher stability against high hydrostatic pressures for DPPC/HA composite layers compared to that of the DPPC bilayer in absence of HA. 26954090 7 32 from distribution 1184:1195 arg1 surface 1219:1225 the surface 1215:1225 the surface 1215:1225 By means of fluorescence microscopy images the distribution of DPPC and HA on the surface was visualized. 26954090 5 33 theme XRR 970:972 arg1 measurements 975:986 X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements 950:986 X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements 950:986 We first characterized the structure of the HA layer that adsorbed to the DPPC bilayers at ambient pressure and different temperatures using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. 26954090 1 34 theme superior 89:96 arg1 properties 110:119 The superior lubrication properties 85:119 The superior lubrication properties of synovial joints 85:138 The superior lubrication properties of synovial joints have inspired many studies aiming at uncovering the molecular mechanisms which give rise to low friction and wear. 26954090 5 35 theme different 921:929 arg1 temperatures 931:942 ambient pressure and different temperatures 900:942 temperatures 931:942 We first characterized the structure of the HA layer that adsorbed to the DPPC bilayers at ambient pressure and different temperatures using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. 26954090 1 36 theme molecular 192:200 arg1 mechanisms 202:211 the molecular mechanisms 188:211 the molecular mechanisms which give rise to low friction and wear 188:252 The superior lubrication properties of synovial joints have inspired many studies aiming at uncovering the molecular mechanisms which give rise to low friction and wear. 26954090 2 37 theme high 427:430 arg1 pressures 432:440 high pressures 427:440 high pressures 427:440 However, the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, and, in particular, it has not been elucidated how the biolubricants present at the interface of cartilage respond to high pressures, which arise during high loads of joints. 26954090 2 38 attach present 378:384 arg1 interface 393:401 the interface 389:401 the interface of cartilage 389:414 However, the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, and, in particular, it has not been elucidated how the biolubricants present at the interface of cartilage respond to high pressures, which arise during high loads of joints. 26954090 2 38 attach present 378:384 arg2 biolubricants 364:376 the biolubricants 360:376 the biolubricants present at the interface of cartilage 360:414 However, the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, and, in particular, it has not been elucidated how the biolubricants present at the interface of cartilage respond to high pressures, which arise during high loads of joints. 26954090 10 39 theme HA 1650:1651 arg1 absence 1639:1645 absence 1639:1645 absence of HA 1639:1651 Our results reveal a higher stability against high hydrostatic pressures for DPPC/HA composite layers compared to that of the DPPC bilayer in absence of HA. 26954090 7 40 theme fluorescence 1149:1160 arg1 microscopy 1162:1171 fluorescence microscopy 1149:1171 fluorescence microscopy images 1149:1178 By means of fluorescence microscopy images the distribution of DPPC and HA on the surface was visualized. 26954090 2 41 theme joints 476:481 arg1 loads 467:471 high loads 462:471 high loads of joints 462:481 However, the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, and, in particular, it has not been elucidated how the biolubricants present at the interface of cartilage respond to high pressures, which arise during high loads of joints. 26954090 9 42 located observed 1457:1464 arg1 presence 1469:1476 presence 1469:1476 presence 1469:1476 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes were also observed in presence and absence of HA. 26954090 9 42 located observed 1457:1464 arg2 transitions 1372:1382 Phase transitions 1366:1382 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes 1366:1445 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes were also observed in presence and absence of HA. 26954090 9 42 located observed 1457:1464 arg1 absence 1482:1488 absence 1482:1488 absence 1482:1488 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes were also observed in presence and absence of HA. 26954090 7 43 theme microscopy 1162:1171 arg1 images 1173:1178 fluorescence microscopy images 1149:1178 fluorescence microscopy images 1149:1178 By means of fluorescence microscopy images the distribution of DPPC and HA on the surface was visualized. 26954090 10 44 theme DPPC/HA 1574:1580 arg1 layers 1592:1597 DPPC/HA composite layers 1574:1597 DPPC/HA composite layers 1574:1597 Our results reveal a higher stability against high hydrostatic pressures for DPPC/HA composite layers compared to that of the DPPC bilayer in absence of HA. 26954090 5 45 theme X-ray 950:954 arg1 measurements 975:986 X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements 950:986 X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements 950:986 We first characterized the structure of the HA layer that adsorbed to the DPPC bilayers at ambient pressure and different temperatures using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. 26954090 3 46 theme simple 511:516 arg1 system 524:529 a simple model system 509:529 a simple model system composed of two biomolecules that have been implied as being important for joint lubrication 509:622 In this study we utilize a simple model system composed of two biomolecules that have been implied as being important for joint lubrication. 26954090 1 47 theme lubrication 98:108 arg1 properties 110:119 The superior lubrication properties 85:119 The superior lubrication properties of synovial joints 85:138 The superior lubrication properties of synovial joints have inspired many studies aiming at uncovering the molecular mechanisms which give rise to low friction and wear. 26954090 2 48 theme cartilage 406:414 arg1 interface 393:401 the interface 389:401 the interface of cartilage 389:414 However, the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, and, in particular, it has not been elucidated how the biolubricants present at the interface of cartilage respond to high pressures, which arise during high loads of joints. 26954090 3 49 theme model 518:522 arg1 system 524:529 a simple model system 509:529 a simple model system composed of two biomolecules that have been implied as being important for joint lubrication 509:622 In this study we utilize a simple model system composed of two biomolecules that have been implied as being important for joint lubrication. 26954090 10 50 theme high 1543:1546 arg1 pressures 1560:1568 high hydrostatic pressures 1543:1568 high hydrostatic pressures for DPPC/HA composite layers 1543:1597 Our results reveal a higher stability against high hydrostatic pressures for DPPC/HA composite layers compared to that of the DPPC bilayer in absence of HA. 26954090 3 51 theme joint 606:610 arg1 lubrication 612:622 joint lubrication 606:622 joint lubrication 606:622 In this study we utilize a simple model system composed of two biomolecules that have been implied as being important for joint lubrication. 26954090 5 52 theme DPPC 883:886 arg1 bilayers 888:895 the DPPC bilayers 879:895 the DPPC bilayers 879:895 We first characterized the structure of the HA layer that adsorbed to the DPPC bilayers at ambient pressure and different temperatures using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. 26954090 4 53 theme supported 648:656 arg1 bilayer 695:701 a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer 640:701 a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer 640:701 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 10 54 theme composite 1582:1590 arg1 layers 1592:1597 DPPC/HA composite layers 1574:1597 DPPC/HA composite layers 1574:1597 Our results reveal a higher stability against high hydrostatic pressures for DPPC/HA composite layers compared to that of the DPPC bilayer in absence of HA. 26954090 5 55 theme reflectivity 956:967 arg1 measurements 975:986 X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements 950:986 X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements 950:986 We first characterized the structure of the HA layer that adsorbed to the DPPC bilayers at ambient pressure and different temperatures using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. 26954090 4 56 from fusion 734:739 arg1 wafer 754:758 a flat Si wafer 744:758 a flat Si wafer 744:758 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 4 56 from fusion 734:739 arg1 hyaluronan 792:801 the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan 765:801 the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) 765:806 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 4 56 from fusion 734:739 arg1 HA 804:805 HA 804:805 HA 804:805 It consists of a solid supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) bilayer, which was formed via vesicles fusion on a flat Si wafer, and the anionic polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). 26954090 1 57 theme synovial 124:131 arg1 joints 133:138 synovial joints 124:138 synovial joints 124:138 The superior lubrication properties of synovial joints have inspired many studies aiming at uncovering the molecular mechanisms which give rise to low friction and wear. 26954090 6 58 dep 2kbar 1088:1092 arg1 up 1082:1083 up 1082:1083 up 1082:1083 Next, XRR was utilized to evaluate the response of the system to high hydrostatic pressures, up to 2kbar (200MPa), at three different temperatures. 26954090 0 59 theme DPPC-bilayer 50:61 arg1 structure 35:43 the structure 31:43 the structure of a DPPC-bilayer under high pressures 31:82 The influence of hyaluronan on the structure of a DPPC-bilayer under high pressures. 26954090 8 60 theme water 1329:1333 arg1 side 1335:1338 the water side 1325:1338 the water side of the supported bilayer 1325:1363 Our data suggest that HA adsorbs to the headgroup region that is oriented towards the water side of the supported bilayer. 26954090 7 61 theme HA 1209:1210 arg1 distribution 1184:1195 the distribution 1180:1195 the distribution of DPPC and HA on the surface 1180:1225 By means of fluorescence microscopy images the distribution of DPPC and HA on the surface was visualized. 26954090 10 62 theme higher 1518:1523 arg1 stability 1525:1533 a higher stability 1516:1533 a higher stability against high hydrostatic pressures for DPPC/HA composite layers 1516:1597 Our results reveal a higher stability against high hydrostatic pressures for DPPC/HA composite layers compared to that of the DPPC bilayer in absence of HA. 26954090 1 63 theme joints 133:138 arg1 properties 110:119 The superior lubrication properties 85:119 The superior lubrication properties of synovial joints 85:138 The superior lubrication properties of synovial joints have inspired many studies aiming at uncovering the molecular mechanisms which give rise to low friction and wear. 26954090 5 64 theme ambient 900:906 arg1 pressure 908:915 ambient pressure and different temperatures 900:942 pressure 908:915 We first characterized the structure of the HA layer that adsorbed to the DPPC bilayers at ambient pressure and different temperatures using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. 26954090 9 65 theme Phase 1366:1370 arg1 transitions 1372:1382 Phase transitions 1366:1382 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes 1366:1445 Phase transitions of the bilayer in response to temperature and pressure changes were also observed in presence and absence of HA. 26954090 1 66 theme low 232:234 arg1 friction 236:243 low friction 232:243 low friction 232:243 The superior lubrication properties of synovial joints have inspired many studies aiming at uncovering the molecular mechanisms which give rise to low friction and wear. 27871361 0 0 from synthesis 15:23 arg1 yeast 47:51 yeast 47:51 yeast 47:51 Recreating the synthesis of starch granules in yeast. 27871361 7 1 theme crops 1163:1167 arg1 improvement 1148:1158 the targeted biotechnological improvement 1118:1158 the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops 1118:1167 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27871361 7 2 theme starch 1067:1072 arg1 biosynthesis 1082:1093 starch granule biosynthesis 1067:1093 starch granule biosynthesis 1067:1093 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27871361 6 3 theme starch 931:936 arg1 biosynthesis 938:949 starch biosynthesis 931:949 starch biosynthesis 931:949 Expression of the complete set resulted in dense, insoluble granules with a starch-like semi-crystalline organization, demonstrating that this system indeed simulates starch biosynthesis. 27871361 5 4 theme set 674:676 arg1 variation 657:665 Systematic variation 646:665 Systematic variation of the set of biosynthetic enzymes 646:700 Systematic variation of the set of biosynthetic enzymes illustrated how each affects glucan structure and solubility. 27871361 4 5 theme Saccharomyces 568:580 arg1 purged 593:598 Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged 568:598 Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes 568:643 Here, we expressed the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes. 27871361 7 6 theme targeted 1122:1129 arg1 improvement 1148:1158 the targeted biotechnological improvement 1118:1158 the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops 1118:1167 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27871361 4 7 theme glycogen-metabolic 618:635 arg1 enzymes 637:643 its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes 603:643 its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes 603:643 Here, we expressed the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes. 27871361 2 8 theme semi-crystalline 226:241 arg1 granules 243:250 massive semi-crystalline granules 218:250 massive semi-crystalline granules 218:250 It is composed of glucose polymers that form massive semi-crystalline granules. 27871361 4 9 from pathway 557:563 arg1 purged 593:598 Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged 568:598 Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes 568:643 Here, we expressed the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes. 27871361 3 10 theme model 373:377 arg1 system 379:384 no versatile model system 360:384 no versatile model system allowing the relationships between the biosynthetic apparatus, glucan structure and properties to be explored 360:494 Its precise structure and composition determine its functionality and thus applications; however, there is no versatile model system allowing the relationships between the biosynthetic apparatus, glucan structure and properties to be explored. 27871361 6 11 theme dense 807:811 arg1 granules 824:831 dense, insoluble granules 807:831 dense, insoluble granules with a starch-like semi-crystalline organization 807:880 Expression of the complete set resulted in dense, insoluble granules with a starch-like semi-crystalline organization, demonstrating that this system indeed simulates starch biosynthesis. 27871361 2 12 theme massive 218:224 arg1 granules 243:250 massive semi-crystalline granules 218:250 massive semi-crystalline granules 218:250 It is composed of glucose polymers that form massive semi-crystalline granules. 27871361 6 13 dep dense 807:811 arg1 insoluble 814:822 insoluble 814:822 insoluble 814:822 Expression of the complete set resulted in dense, insoluble granules with a starch-like semi-crystalline organization, demonstrating that this system indeed simulates starch biosynthesis. 27871361 7 14 theme biosynthesis 1082:1093 arg1 understanding 1050:1062 a holistic understanding 1039:1062 a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis 1039:1093 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27871361 4 15 theme core 520:523 arg1 pathway 557:563 the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway 516:563 the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes 516:643 Here, we expressed the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes. 27871361 5 16 theme Systematic 646:655 arg1 variation 657:665 Systematic variation 646:665 Systematic variation of the set of biosynthetic enzymes 646:700 Systematic variation of the set of biosynthetic enzymes illustrated how each affects glucan structure and solubility. 27871361 1 17 theme major 69:73 arg1 component 87:95 the major nutritional component 65:95 the major nutritional component of our staple crops 65:115 Starch, as the major nutritional component of our staple crops and a feedstock for industry, is a vital plant product. 27871361 7 18 contain has 975:977 arg1 system 968:973 the yeast system 958:973 the yeast system 958:973 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27871361 7 18 contain has 975:977 arg2 potential 983:991 the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops 979:1167 the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops 979:1167 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27871361 6 19 theme set 791:793 arg1 Expression 764:773 Expression 764:773 Expression of the complete set 764:793 Expression of the complete set resulted in dense, insoluble granules with a starch-like semi-crystalline organization, demonstrating that this system indeed simulates starch biosynthesis. 27871361 1 20 theme nutritional 75:85 arg1 component 87:95 the major nutritional component 65:95 the major nutritional component of our staple crops 65:115 Starch, as the major nutritional component of our staple crops and a feedstock for industry, is a vital plant product. 27871361 4 21 theme enzymes 637:643 arg1 purged 593:598 Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged 568:598 Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes 568:643 Here, we expressed the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes. 27871361 6 22 with granules 824:831 arg1 organization 869:880 a starch-like semi-crystalline organization 838:880 a starch-like semi-crystalline organization 838:880 Expression of the complete set resulted in dense, insoluble granules with a starch-like semi-crystalline organization, demonstrating that this system indeed simulates starch biosynthesis. 27871361 4 23 theme starch-biosynthesis 537:555 arg1 pathway 557:563 the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway 516:563 the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes 516:643 Here, we expressed the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes. 27871361 1 24 theme plant 158:162 arg1 product 164:170 a vital plant product 150:170 a vital plant product 150:170 Starch, as the major nutritional component of our staple crops and a feedstock for industry, is a vital plant product. 27871361 1 24 theme plant 158:162 arg1 Starch 54:59 Starch 54:59 Starch 54:59 Starch, as the major nutritional component of our staple crops and a feedstock for industry, is a vital plant product. 27871361 0 25 theme granules 35:42 arg1 synthesis 15:23 the synthesis 11:23 the synthesis of starch granules in yeast 11:51 Recreating the synthesis of starch granules in yeast. 27871361 4 26 theme Arabidopsis 525:535 arg1 pathway 557:563 the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway 516:563 the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes 516:643 Here, we expressed the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes. 27871361 4 27 dep Saccharomyces 568:580 arg1 cerevisiae 582:591 cerevisiae 582:591 cerevisiae 582:591 Here, we expressed the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes. 27871361 0 28 theme starch 28:33 arg1 granules 35:42 starch granules 28:42 starch granules 28:42 Recreating the synthesis of starch granules in yeast. 27871361 5 29 theme glucan 731:736 arg1 structure 738:746 glucan structure 731:746 glucan structure 731:746 Systematic variation of the set of biosynthetic enzymes illustrated how each affects glucan structure and solubility. 27871361 6 30 theme complete 782:789 arg1 set 791:793 the complete set 778:793 the complete set 778:793 Expression of the complete set resulted in dense, insoluble granules with a starch-like semi-crystalline organization, demonstrating that this system indeed simulates starch biosynthesis. 27871361 3 31 theme biosynthetic 425:436 arg1 apparatus 438:446 the biosynthetic apparatus 421:446 the biosynthetic apparatus 421:446 Its precise structure and composition determine its functionality and thus applications; however, there is no versatile model system allowing the relationships between the biosynthetic apparatus, glucan structure and properties to be explored. 27871361 7 32 theme granule 1074:1080 arg1 biosynthesis 1082:1093 starch granule biosynthesis 1067:1093 starch granule biosynthesis 1067:1093 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27871361 3 33 theme versatile 363:371 arg1 system 379:384 no versatile model system 360:384 no versatile model system allowing the relationships between the biosynthetic apparatus, glucan structure and properties to be explored 360:494 Its precise structure and composition determine its functionality and thus applications; however, there is no versatile model system allowing the relationships between the biosynthetic apparatus, glucan structure and properties to be explored. 27871361 5 34 theme biosynthetic 681:692 arg1 enzymes 694:700 biosynthetic enzymes 681:700 biosynthetic enzymes 681:700 Systematic variation of the set of biosynthetic enzymes illustrated how each affects glucan structure and solubility. 27871361 7 35 theme biotechnological 1131:1146 arg1 improvement 1148:1158 the targeted biotechnological improvement 1118:1158 the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops 1118:1167 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27871361 7 36 theme yeast 962:966 arg1 system 968:973 the yeast system 958:973 the yeast system 958:973 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27871361 5 37 theme enzymes 694:700 arg1 enzymes 694:700 biosynthetic enzymes 681:700 biosynthetic enzymes 681:700 Systematic variation of the set of biosynthetic enzymes illustrated how each affects glucan structure and solubility. 27871361 5 37 theme enzymes 694:700 arg1 set 674:676 the set 670:676 the set of biosynthetic enzymes 670:700 Systematic variation of the set of biosynthetic enzymes illustrated how each affects glucan structure and solubility. 27871361 6 38 theme semi-crystalline 852:867 arg1 organization 869:880 a starch-like semi-crystalline organization 838:880 a starch-like semi-crystalline organization 838:880 Expression of the complete set resulted in dense, insoluble granules with a starch-like semi-crystalline organization, demonstrating that this system indeed simulates starch biosynthesis. 27871361 1 39 theme staple 104:109 arg1 crops 111:115 our staple crops 100:115 our staple crops 100:115 Starch, as the major nutritional component of our staple crops and a feedstock for industry, is a vital plant product. 27871361 3 40 theme precise 257:263 arg1 structure 265:273 Its precise structure 253:273 Its precise structure 253:273 Its precise structure and composition determine its functionality and thus applications; however, there is no versatile model system allowing the relationships between the biosynthetic apparatus, glucan structure and properties to be explored. 27871361 6 41 theme starch-like 840:850 arg1 organization 869:880 a starch-like semi-crystalline organization 838:880 a starch-like semi-crystalline organization 838:880 Expression of the complete set resulted in dense, insoluble granules with a starch-like semi-crystalline organization, demonstrating that this system indeed simulates starch biosynthesis. 27871361 7 42 theme holistic 1041:1048 arg1 understanding 1050:1062 a holistic understanding 1039:1062 a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis 1039:1093 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27871361 1 43 theme crops 111:115 arg1 feedstock 123:131 a feedstock 121:131 a feedstock for industry 121:144 Starch, as the major nutritional component of our staple crops and a feedstock for industry, is a vital plant product. 27871361 1 43 theme crops 111:115 arg1 component 87:95 the major nutritional component 65:95 the major nutritional component of our staple crops 65:115 Starch, as the major nutritional component of our staple crops and a feedstock for industry, is a vital plant product. 27871361 3 44 theme glucan 449:454 arg1 structure 456:464 glucan structure 449:464 glucan structure 449:464 Its precise structure and composition determine its functionality and thus applications; however, there is no versatile model system allowing the relationships between the biosynthetic apparatus, glucan structure and properties to be explored. 27871361 1 45 theme vital 152:156 arg1 product 164:170 a vital plant product 150:170 a vital plant product 150:170 Starch, as the major nutritional component of our staple crops and a feedstock for industry, is a vital plant product. 27871361 1 45 theme vital 152:156 arg1 Starch 54:59 Starch 54:59 Starch 54:59 Starch, as the major nutritional component of our staple crops and a feedstock for industry, is a vital plant product. 27871361 4 46 theme endogenous 607:616 arg1 enzymes 637:643 its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes 603:643 its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes 603:643 Here, we expressed the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes. 27871361 2 47 theme glucose 191:197 arg1 polymers 199:206 glucose polymers 191:206 glucose polymers that form massive semi-crystalline granules 191:250 It is composed of glucose polymers that form massive semi-crystalline granules. 27871361 7 48 theme starch 1007:1012 arg1 research 1014:1021 starch research 1007:1021 starch research 1007:1021 Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops. 27543318 2 0 from important 401:409 arg1 process 458:464 the decomposition process 440:464 the decomposition process 440:464 While fungi in litter decomposition drive the chemical changes occurring in litter, the bacterial community appears to be important as well, especially later in the decomposition process when its abundance increases. 27543318 5 1 theme leaf 898:901 arg1 senescence 903:912 leaf senescence 898:912 leaf senescence 898:912 Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere were rapidly replaced by other taxa after leaf senescence. 27543318 2 2 from fungi 285:289 arg1 decomposition 301:313 litter decomposition 294:313 litter decomposition 294:313 While fungi in litter decomposition drive the chemical changes occurring in litter, the bacterial community appears to be important as well, especially later in the decomposition process when its abundance increases. 27543318 6 3 theme early-stage 992:1002 arg1 communities 1082:1092 the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities 988:1092 the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities 988:1092 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 6 4 dep months 1005:1010 arg1 2-4 1012:1014 2-4 1012:1014 2-4 1012:1014 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 9 5 theme bacterial 1486:1494 arg1 dynamics 1506:1513 The bacterial community dynamics 1482:1513 The bacterial community dynamics 1482:1513 The bacterial community dynamics reflects changes in the availability of possible resources either of the plant or microbial origin. 27543318 1 6 theme key 243:245 arg1 processes 247:255 the key processes 239:255 the key processes in temperate forests 239:276 The decomposition of dead plant biomass contributes to the carbon cycle and is one of the key processes in temperate forests. 27543318 0 7 theme taxa 103:106 arg1 pattern 79:85 a specific occurrence pattern 57:85 a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa 57:106 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 0 7 theme taxa 103:106 arg1 decomposers 122:132 potential decomposers 112:132 potential decomposers of fungal mycelia 112:150 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 7 8 theme total 1302:1306 arg1 community 1318:1326 the total bacterial community 1298:1326 the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1298:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 9 9 theme microbial 1597:1605 arg1 origin 1607:1612 the plant or microbial origin 1584:1612 origin 1607:1612 The bacterial community dynamics reflects changes in the availability of possible resources either of the plant or microbial origin. 27543318 6 10 dep months 1029:1034 arg1 6-8 1036:1038 6-8 1036:1038 6-8 1036:1038 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 7 11 theme fungal 1363:1368 arg1 biomass 1370:1376 the highest fungal biomass 1351:1376 the highest fungal biomass 1351:1376 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 1 12 theme processes 247:255 arg1 one 232:234 one 232:234 one 232:234 The decomposition of dead plant biomass contributes to the carbon cycle and is one of the key processes in temperate forests. 27543318 1 12 theme processes 247:255 arg1 processes 247:255 the key processes 239:255 the key processes in temperate forests 239:276 The decomposition of dead plant biomass contributes to the carbon cycle and is one of the key processes in temperate forests. 27543318 0 13 theme cellulolytic 90:101 arg1 taxa 103:106 cellulolytic taxa 90:106 cellulolytic taxa 90:106 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 5 14 from present 824:830 arg1 phyllosphere 843:854 the oak phyllosphere 835:854 the oak phyllosphere 835:854 Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere were rapidly replaced by other taxa after leaf senescence. 27543318 7 15 theme initial 1225:1231 arg1 decomposition 1233:1245 initial decomposition 1225:1245 initial decomposition 1225:1245 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 7 16 from community 1318:1326 arg1 months 1331:1336 months 2 and 4 1331:1344 months 1331:1336 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 7 16 from community 1318:1326 arg1 4 1344:1344 4 1344:1344 4 1344:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 7 17 theme relative 1262:1269 arg1 abundances 1271:1280 sequence relative abundances 1253:1280 sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1253:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 0 18 theme potential 112:120 arg1 decomposers 122:132 potential decomposers 112:132 potential decomposers of fungal mycelia 112:150 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 5 19 attach present 824:830 arg1 phyllosphere 843:854 the oak phyllosphere 835:854 the oak phyllosphere 835:854 Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere were rapidly replaced by other taxa after leaf senescence. 27543318 5 19 attach present 824:830 arg2 Bacteria 815:822 Bacteria 815:822 Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere 815:854 Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere were rapidly replaced by other taxa after leaf senescence. 27543318 4 20 dep classes 666:672 arg1 Alpha- 674:679 Alpha- 674:679 Alpha- 674:679 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 4 20 dep classes 666:672 arg1 Gammaproteobacteria 692:710 Gammaproteobacteria 692:710 Gammaproteobacteria 692:710 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 4 20 dep classes 666:672 arg1 classes 666:672 the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria 662:710 the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria 662:710 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 4 20 dep classes 666:672 arg1 Beta- 682:686 Beta- 682:686 Beta- 682:686 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 1 21 theme biomass 185:191 arg1 decomposition 157:169 The decomposition 153:169 The decomposition of dead plant biomass 153:191 The decomposition of dead plant biomass contributes to the carbon cycle and is one of the key processes in temperate forests. 27543318 1 22 theme dead 174:177 arg1 biomass 185:191 dead plant biomass 174:191 dead plant biomass 174:191 The decomposition of dead plant biomass contributes to the carbon cycle and is one of the key processes in temperate forests. 27543318 2 23 from process 458:464 arg1 community 377:385 the bacterial community 363:385 the bacterial community 363:385 While fungi in litter decomposition drive the chemical changes occurring in litter, the bacterial community appears to be important as well, especially later in the decomposition process when its abundance increases. 27543318 2 23 from process 458:464 arg1 important 401:409 important 401:409 important 401:409 While fungi in litter decomposition drive the chemical changes occurring in litter, the bacterial community appears to be important as well, especially later in the decomposition process when its abundance increases. 27543318 7 24 theme % 1293:1293 arg1 abundances 1271:1280 sequence relative abundances 1253:1280 sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1253:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 7 25 from months 1331:1336 arg1 community 1318:1326 the total bacterial community 1298:1326 the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1298:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 7 25 from months 1331:1336 arg1 % 1293:1293 up to 40% 1285:1293 up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1285:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 1 26 theme plant 179:183 arg1 biomass 185:191 dead plant biomass 174:191 dead plant biomass 174:191 The decomposition of dead plant biomass contributes to the carbon cycle and is one of the key processes in temperate forests. 27543318 6 27 dep late-stage 1045:1054 arg1 months 1057:1062 months 10-24 1057:1068 months 10-24 1057:1068 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 2 28 theme bacterial 367:375 arg1 community 377:385 the bacterial community 363:385 the bacterial community 363:385 While fungi in litter decomposition drive the chemical changes occurring in litter, the bacterial community appears to be important as well, especially later in the decomposition process when its abundance increases. 27543318 2 28 theme bacterial 367:375 arg1 important 401:409 important 401:409 important 401:409 While fungi in litter decomposition drive the chemical changes occurring in litter, the bacterial community appears to be important as well, especially later in the decomposition process when its abundance increases. 27543318 0 29 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 succession 10:19 Bacterial succession 0:19 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter 0:46 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 1 30 theme temperate 260:268 arg1 forests 270:276 temperate forests 260:276 temperate forests 260:276 The decomposition of dead plant biomass contributes to the carbon cycle and is one of the key processes in temperate forests. 27543318 9 31 theme plant 1588:1592 arg1 origin 1607:1612 the plant or microbial origin 1584:1612 origin 1607:1612 The bacterial community dynamics reflects changes in the availability of possible resources either of the plant or microbial origin. 27543318 2 32 theme litter 294:299 arg1 decomposition 301:313 litter decomposition 294:313 litter decomposition 294:313 While fungi in litter decomposition drive the chemical changes occurring in litter, the bacterial community appears to be important as well, especially later in the decomposition process when its abundance increases. 27543318 5 33 theme other 881:885 arg1 taxa 887:890 other taxa 881:890 other taxa 881:890 Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere were rapidly replaced by other taxa after leaf senescence. 27543318 5 34 theme present 824:830 arg1 Bacteria 815:822 Bacteria 815:822 Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere 815:854 Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere were rapidly replaced by other taxa after leaf senescence. 27543318 7 35 with important 1208:1216 arg1 abundances 1271:1280 sequence relative abundances 1253:1280 sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1253:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 1 36 from processes 247:255 arg1 forests 270:276 temperate forests 260:276 temperate forests 260:276 The decomposition of dead plant biomass contributes to the carbon cycle and is one of the key processes in temperate forests. 27543318 3 37 theme bacterial 527:535 arg1 composition 547:557 the bacterial community composition 523:557 the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition 523:648 In this paper, we describe the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition. 27543318 7 38 from 4 1344:1344 arg1 community 1318:1326 the total bacterial community 1298:1326 the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1298:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 7 38 from 4 1344:1344 arg1 % 1293:1293 up to 40% 1285:1293 up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1285:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 3 39 theme community 537:545 arg1 composition 547:557 the bacterial community composition 523:557 the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition 523:648 In this paper, we describe the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition. 27543318 5 40 theme oak 839:841 arg1 phyllosphere 843:854 the oak phyllosphere 835:854 the oak phyllosphere 835:854 Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere were rapidly replaced by other taxa after leaf senescence. 27543318 8 41 with frequent 1433:1440 arg1 abundance 1448:1456 abundance 1448:1456 abundance ranging from 4% to 15% 1448:1479 Cellulose-decomposing bacteria were less frequent, with abundance ranging from 4% to 15%. 27543318 0 42 theme mycelia 144:150 arg1 pattern 79:85 a specific occurrence pattern 57:85 a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa 57:106 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 0 42 theme mycelia 144:150 arg1 decomposers 122:132 potential decomposers 112:132 potential decomposers of fungal mycelia 112:150 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 3 43 theme litter 629:634 arg1 decomposition 636:648 litter decomposition 629:648 litter decomposition 629:648 In this paper, we describe the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition. 27543318 9 44 theme possible 1555:1562 arg1 resources 1564:1572 possible resources 1555:1572 possible resources 1555:1572 The bacterial community dynamics reflects changes in the availability of possible resources either of the plant or microbial origin. 27543318 1 45 theme carbon 212:217 arg1 cycle 219:223 the carbon cycle 208:223 the carbon cycle 208:223 The decomposition of dead plant biomass contributes to the carbon cycle and is one of the key processes in temperate forests. 27543318 2 46 theme decomposition 444:456 arg1 process 458:464 the decomposition process 440:464 the decomposition process 440:464 While fungi in litter decomposition drive the chemical changes occurring in litter, the bacterial community appears to be important as well, especially later in the decomposition process when its abundance increases. 27543318 6 47 theme community 956:964 arg1 composition 966:976 community composition 956:976 community composition 956:976 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 0 48 theme leaf 36:39 arg1 litter 41:46 leaf litter 36:46 leaf litter 36:46 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 9 49 theme resources 1564:1572 arg1 availability 1539:1550 the availability 1535:1550 the availability of possible resources 1535:1572 The bacterial community dynamics reflects changes in the availability of possible resources either of the plant or microbial origin. 27543318 5 50 from phyllosphere 843:854 arg1 present 824:830 present 824:830 present 824:830 Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere were rapidly replaced by other taxa after leaf senescence. 27543318 6 51 theme late-stage 1045:1054 arg1 communities 1082:1092 the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities 988:1092 the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities 988:1092 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 7 52 theme dead 1182:1185 arg1 mycelium 1194:1201 dead fungal mycelium 1182:1201 dead fungal mycelium 1182:1201 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 6 53 from changes 945:951 arg1 composition 966:976 community composition 956:976 community composition 956:976 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 3 54 theme live 562:565 arg1 petraea 575:581 live Quercus petraea 562:581 live Quercus petraea leaves 562:588 In this paper, we describe the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition. 27543318 6 55 dep mid-stage 1018:1026 arg1 months 1029:1034 months 6-8 1029:1038 months 6-8 1029:1038 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 0 56 theme fungal 137:142 arg1 mycelia 144:150 fungal mycelia 137:150 fungal mycelia 137:150 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 9 57 dep availability 1539:1550 arg1 either 1574:1579 either 1574:1579 either 1574:1579 The bacterial community dynamics reflects changes in the availability of possible resources either of the plant or microbial origin. 27543318 6 58 dep early-stage 992:1002 arg1 months 1005:1010 months 2-4 1005:1014 months 2-4 1005:1014 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 7 59 dep 40 1291:1292 arg1 to 1288:1289 to 1288:1289 to 1288:1289 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 3 60 theme Quercus 567:573 arg1 petraea 575:581 live Quercus petraea 562:581 live Quercus petraea leaves 562:588 In this paper, we describe the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition. 27543318 9 61 from changes 1524:1530 arg1 availability 1539:1550 the availability 1535:1550 the availability of possible resources 1535:1572 The bacterial community dynamics reflects changes in the availability of possible resources either of the plant or microbial origin. 27543318 2 62 theme chemical 325:332 arg1 changes 334:340 the chemical changes 321:340 the chemical changes occurring in litter 321:360 While fungi in litter decomposition drive the chemical changes occurring in litter, the bacterial community appears to be important as well, especially later in the decomposition process when its abundance increases. 27543318 6 63 theme successive 934:943 arg1 changes 945:951 dynamic successive changes 926:951 dynamic successive changes 926:951 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 7 64 from % 1293:1293 arg1 months 1331:1336 months 2 and 4 1331:1344 months 1331:1336 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 7 64 from % 1293:1293 arg1 4 1344:1344 4 1344:1344 4 1344:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 4 65 dep phyla 720:724 arg1 Actinobacteria 726:739 Actinobacteria 726:739 Actinobacteria 726:739 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 4 65 dep phyla 720:724 arg1 Acidobacteria 760:772 Acidobacteria 760:772 Acidobacteria 760:772 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 4 65 dep phyla 720:724 arg1 phyla 720:724 the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria 716:772 the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria 716:772 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 4 65 dep phyla 720:724 arg1 Bacteroidetes 742:754 Bacteroidetes 742:754 Bacteroidetes 742:754 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 7 66 theme highest 1355:1361 arg1 biomass 1370:1376 the highest fungal biomass 1351:1376 the highest fungal biomass 1351:1376 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 6 67 theme mid-stage 1018:1026 arg1 communities 1082:1092 the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities 988:1092 the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities 988:1092 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 3 68 theme decomposition 636:648 arg1 years 620:624 the subsequent two years 601:624 the subsequent two years of litter decomposition 601:648 In this paper, we describe the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition. 27543318 3 69 theme subsequent 605:614 arg1 years 620:624 the subsequent two years 601:624 the subsequent two years of litter decomposition 601:648 In this paper, we describe the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition. 27543318 3 70 dep petraea 575:581 arg1 leaves 583:588 leaves 583:588 leaves 583:588 In this paper, we describe the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition. 27543318 3 71 from composition 547:557 arg1 petraea 575:581 live Quercus petraea 562:581 live Quercus petraea leaves 562:588 In this paper, we describe the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition. 27543318 7 72 theme sequence 1253:1260 arg1 abundances 1271:1280 sequence relative abundances 1253:1280 sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1253:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 0 73 theme occurrence 68:77 arg1 pattern 79:85 a specific occurrence pattern 57:85 a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa 57:106 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 7 74 theme community 1318:1326 arg1 community 1318:1326 the total bacterial community 1298:1326 the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1298:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 7 74 theme community 1318:1326 arg1 % 1293:1293 up to 40% 1285:1293 up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1285:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 4 75 theme classes 666:672 arg1 Actinobacteria 726:739 Actinobacteria 726:739 Actinobacteria 726:739 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 4 75 theme classes 666:672 arg1 Acidobacteria 760:772 Acidobacteria 760:772 Acidobacteria 760:772 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 4 75 theme classes 666:672 arg1 dominant 779:786 dominant 779:786 dominant 779:786 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 4 75 theme classes 666:672 arg1 Members 651:657 Members 651:657 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria 651:710 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 4 75 theme classes 666:672 arg1 phyla 720:724 the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria 716:772 the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria 716:772 Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. 27543318 7 76 theme bacterial 1308:1316 arg1 community 1318:1326 the total bacterial community 1298:1326 the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 1298:1344 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 27543318 0 77 theme specific 59:66 arg1 pattern 79:85 a specific occurrence pattern 57:85 a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa 57:106 Bacterial succession on decomposing leaf litter exhibits a specific occurrence pattern of cellulolytic taxa and potential decomposers of fungal mycelia. 27543318 6 78 theme dynamic 926:932 arg1 changes 945:951 dynamic successive changes 926:951 dynamic successive changes 926:951 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 8 79 theme Cellulose-decomposing 1392:1412 arg1 bacteria 1414:1421 Cellulose-decomposing bacteria 1392:1421 Cellulose-decomposing bacteria 1392:1421 Cellulose-decomposing bacteria were less frequent, with abundance ranging from 4% to 15%. 27543318 9 80 theme community 1496:1504 arg1 dynamics 1506:1513 The bacterial community dynamics 1482:1513 The bacterial community dynamics 1482:1513 The bacterial community dynamics reflects changes in the availability of possible resources either of the plant or microbial origin. 27543318 6 81 theme decomposer 1071:1080 arg1 communities 1082:1092 the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities 988:1092 the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities 988:1092 There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. 27543318 7 82 theme fungal 1187:1192 arg1 mycelium 1194:1201 dead fungal mycelium 1182:1201 dead fungal mycelium 1182:1201 Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. 29911375 9 0 theme TLR4 1621:1624 arg1 resatorvid 1637:1646 receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) 1609:1656 receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) 1609:1656 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 7 1 theme colorectal 1249:1258 arg1 cells 1275:1279 human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells 1232:1279 human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects 1232:1413 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 7 1 theme colorectal 1249:1258 arg1 Caco-2 1282:1287 Caco-2 1282:1287 Caco-2 1282:1287 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 0 2 with rats 83:86 arg1 sulfate 101:107 dextran sulfate 93:107 dextran sulfate 93:107 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 6 3 with communities 1134:1144 arg1 host 1170:1173 host 1170:1173 host 1170:1173 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 9 4 theme inhibitor 1627:1635 arg1 resatorvid 1637:1646 receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) 1609:1656 receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) 1609:1656 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 4 5 theme bacterial 825:833 arg1 compositions 835:846 gut bacterial compositions 821:846 gut bacterial compositions 821:846 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 1 6 theme defense 186:192 arg1 barrier 194:200 host defense barrier 181:200 host defense barrier 181:200 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 9 7 theme TLR4 1661:1664 arg1 RNA 1674:1676 TLR4 silence RNA 1661:1676 TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) 1661:1684 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 9 7 theme TLR4 1661:1664 arg1 siRNA 1679:1683 siRNA 1679:1683 siRNA 1679:1683 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 10 8 theme signaling 1911:1919 arg1 pathway 1921:1927 the TLR4 signaling pathway 1902:1927 the TLR4 signaling pathway 1902:1927 Taken together, we proved in this study that gut microbiota can down-regulate intestinal CYP3A and P-gp partially through producing OMVs to activate the TLR4 signaling pathway. 29911375 6 9 theme diverse 1076:1082 arg1 interactions 1104:1115 interactions 1104:1115 interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host 1104:1173 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 6 9 theme diverse 1076:1082 arg1 functions 1084:1092 diverse functions 1076:1092 diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host 1076:1173 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 2 10 from dysbiosis 472:480 arg1 disease 504:510 inflammatory bowel disease 485:510 inflammatory bowel disease 485:510 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 1 11 theme cytochrome 214:223 arg1 CYP3A 234:238 CYP3A 234:238 CYP3A 234:238 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 1 11 theme cytochrome 214:223 arg1 3A 230:231 intestinal cytochrome P450 3A 203:231 intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) 203:239 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 6 12 with communications 1150:1163 arg1 host 1170:1173 host 1170:1173 host 1170:1173 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 6 13 theme outer 1004:1008 arg1 membrane 1010:1017 the outer membrane 1000:1017 the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria 1000:1062 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 2 14 theme bowel 498:502 arg1 disease 504:510 inflammatory bowel disease 485:510 inflammatory bowel disease 485:510 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 7 15 theme UC 1347:1348 arg1 rats 1350:1353 UC rats 1347:1353 UC rats 1347:1353 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 4 16 theme fresh 678:682 arg1 feces 684:688 fresh feces 678:688 fresh feces 678:688 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 7 17 theme epithelial 1238:1247 arg1 cells 1275:1279 human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells 1232:1279 human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects 1232:1413 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 7 17 theme epithelial 1238:1247 arg1 Caco-2 1282:1287 Caco-2 1282:1287 Caco-2 1282:1287 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 3 18 theme underlying 604:613 arg1 unclear 630:636 unclear 630:636 unclear 630:636 Yet whether gut dysbiosis is associated with the down-regulation of CYP3A and P-gp and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. 29911375 3 18 theme underlying 604:613 arg1 mechanisms 615:624 the underlying mechanisms 600:624 the underlying mechanisms 600:624 Yet whether gut dysbiosis is associated with the down-regulation of CYP3A and P-gp and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. 29911375 6 19 theme special 984:990 arg1 buds 992:995 nano-scale special buds 973:995 nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria 973:1062 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 6 19 theme special 984:990 arg1 vesicles 953:960 Outer-membrane vesicles 938:960 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) 938:967 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 8 20 theme UC 1495:1496 arg1 rats 1498:1501 UC rats 1495:1501 UC rats 1495:1501 Moreover, the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats elicited more effects than fractions of other molecular weights. 29911375 0 21 gly P-glycoprotein 65:78 arg1 P-glycoprotein 65:78 P-glycoprotein 65:78 P-glycoprotein 65:78 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 2 22 theme experimental 374:385 arg1 data 387:390 experimental data 374:390 experimental data 374:390 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 7 23 theme m 1207:1207 arg1 RNA 1209:1211 P-gp m RNA 1202:1211 P-gp m RNA 1202:1211 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 2 24 theme P-gp 434:437 arg1 expression 439:448 diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression 401:448 diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease 401:510 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 0 25 from microbiota 30:39 arg1 rats 83:86 rats 83:86 rats with dextran sulfate 83:107 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 0 25 from microbiota 30:39 arg1 P-glycoprotein 65:78 P-glycoprotein 65:78 P-glycoprotein 65:78 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 0 25 from microbiota 30:39 arg1 CYP3A 55:59 intestinal CYP3A 44:59 intestinal CYP3A 44:59 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 4 26 theme ulcerative 721:730 arg1 colitis 732:738 ulcerative colitis 721:738 ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats 721:792 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 4 26 theme ulcerative 721:730 arg1 UC 741:742 UC 741:742 UC 741:742 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 0 27 theme [Regulatory 0:10 arg1 mechanisms 12:21 [Regulatory mechanisms 0:21 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate 0:107 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 6 28 theme Gram-negative 1041:1053 arg1 bacteria 1055:1062 Gram-negative bacteria 1041:1062 Gram-negative bacteria 1041:1062 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 2 29 theme A 428:428 arg1 expression 439:448 diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression 401:448 diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease 401:510 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 2 30 theme intestinal 412:421 arg1 A 428:428 intestinal CYP3 A 412:428 intestinal CYP3 A 412:428 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 8 31 from normal 1484:1489 arg1 fractions 1435:1443 the OMVs fractions 1426:1443 the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats 1426:1501 Moreover, the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats elicited more effects than fractions of other molecular weights. 29911375 7 32 theme different 1315:1323 arg1 groups 1325:1330 all different groups 1311:1330 all different groups 1311:1330 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 2 33 theme gut 468:470 arg1 dysbiosis 472:480 gut dysbiosis 468:480 gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease 468:510 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 8 34 theme other 1543:1547 arg1 weights 1559:1565 other molecular weights 1543:1565 other molecular weights 1543:1565 Moreover, the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats elicited more effects than fractions of other molecular weights. 29911375 0 35 theme microbiota 30:39 arg1 mechanisms 12:21 [Regulatory mechanisms 0:21 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate 0:107 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 9 36 theme cells 1588:1592 arg1 Treatment 1568:1576 Treatment 1568:1576 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) 1568:1684 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 8 37 theme weights 1559:1565 arg1 fractions 1530:1538 fractions 1530:1538 fractions of other molecular weights 1530:1565 Moreover, the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats elicited more effects than fractions of other molecular weights. 29911375 9 38 theme P-gp 1705:1708 arg1 down-regulation 1710:1724 CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation 1694:1724 down-regulation 1710:1724 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 0 39 theme intestinal 44:53 arg1 CYP3A 55:59 intestinal CYP3A 44:59 intestinal CYP3A 44:59 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 1 40 theme disease 291:297 arg1 pathogenesis 299:310 disease pathogenesis 291:310 disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure 291:350 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 4 41 theme sulfate 764:770 arg1 sodium 772:777 dextran sulfate sodium 756:777 dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats 756:792 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 1 42 theme P450 225:228 arg1 CYP3A 234:238 CYP3A 234:238 CYP3A 234:238 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 1 42 theme P450 225:228 arg1 3A 230:231 intestinal cytochrome P450 3A 203:231 intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) 203:239 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 9 43 theme receptor 1609:1616 arg1 resatorvid 1637:1646 receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) 1609:1656 receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) 1609:1656 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 7 44 from groups 1325:1330 arg1 OMVs 1301:1304 OMVs 1301:1304 OMVs from all different groups 1301:1330 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 8 45 theme OMVs 1430:1433 arg1 fractions 1435:1443 the OMVs fractions 1426:1443 the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats 1426:1501 Moreover, the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats elicited more effects than fractions of other molecular weights. 29911375 4 46 theme compositions 835:846 arg1 alterations 806:816 alterations 806:816 alterations of gut bacterial compositions 806:846 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 7 47 theme adenocarcinoma 1260:1273 arg1 cells 1275:1279 human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells 1232:1279 human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects 1232:1413 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 7 47 theme adenocarcinoma 1260:1273 arg1 Caco-2 1282:1287 Caco-2 1282:1287 Caco-2 1282:1287 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 3 48 theme gut 525:527 arg1 dysbiosis 529:537 gut dysbiosis 525:537 gut dysbiosis 525:537 Yet whether gut dysbiosis is associated with the down-regulation of CYP3A and P-gp and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. 29911375 1 49 theme host 181:184 arg1 defense 186:192 host defense 181:192 host defense barrier 181:200 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 1 50 theme first-line 167:176 arg1 constituents 147:158 important constituents 137:158 important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier 137:200 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 1 50 theme first-line 167:176 arg1 roles 282:286 important roles 272:286 important roles 272:286 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 9 51 with Treatment 1568:1576 arg1 toll 1599:1602 toll 1599:1602 toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) 1599:1684 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 5 52 theme Intestinal 849:858 arg1 CYP3A2 860:865 CYP3A2 860:865 CYP3A2 860:865 Intestinal CYP3A2 and P-gp were significantly down-regulated in rats receiving UC feces. 29911375 4 53 theme gut 821:823 arg1 compositions 835:846 gut bacterial compositions 821:846 gut bacterial compositions 821:846 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 4 54 theme daily 654:658 arg1 administration 660:673 daily administration 654:673 daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats 654:792 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 1 55 theme barrier 194:200 arg1 first-line 167:176 the first-line 163:176 the first-line of host defense barrier 163:200 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 9 56 theme silence 1666:1672 arg1 RNA 1674:1676 TLR4 silence RNA 1661:1676 TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) 1661:1684 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 9 56 theme silence 1666:1672 arg1 siRNA 1679:1683 siRNA 1679:1683 siRNA 1679:1683 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 0 57 from rats 83:86 arg1 mechanisms 12:21 [Regulatory mechanisms 0:21 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate 0:107 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 7 58 theme significant 1395:1405 arg1 effects 1407:1413 more significant effects 1390:1413 more significant effects 1390:1413 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 10 59 theme TLR4 1906:1909 arg1 pathway 1921:1927 the TLR4 signaling pathway 1902:1927 the TLR4 signaling pathway 1902:1927 Taken together, we proved in this study that gut microbiota can down-regulate intestinal CYP3A and P-gp partially through producing OMVs to activate the TLR4 signaling pathway. 29911375 3 60 theme P-gp 591:594 arg1 down-regulation 562:576 the down-regulation 558:576 the down-regulation of CYP3A and P-gp 558:594 Yet whether gut dysbiosis is associated with the down-regulation of CYP3A and P-gp and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. 29911375 1 61 theme intestinal 203:212 arg1 CYP3A 234:238 CYP3A 234:238 CYP3A 234:238 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 1 61 theme intestinal 203:212 arg1 3A 230:231 intestinal cytochrome P450 3A 203:231 intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) 203:239 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 6 62 theme Outer-membrane 938:951 arg1 buds 992:995 nano-scale special buds 973:995 nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria 973:1062 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 6 62 theme Outer-membrane 938:951 arg1 OMVs 963:966 OMVs 963:966 OMVs 963:966 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 6 62 theme Outer-membrane 938:951 arg1 vesicles 953:960 Outer-membrane vesicles 938:960 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) 938:967 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 0 63 from P-glycoprotein 65:78 arg1 mechanisms 12:21 [Regulatory mechanisms 0:21 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate 0:107 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 7 64 theme RNA 1209:1211 arg1 Expressions 1176:1186 Expressions 1176:1186 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA 1176:1211 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 3 65 theme CYP3A 581:585 arg1 down-regulation 562:576 the down-regulation 558:576 the down-regulation of CYP3A and P-gp 558:594 Yet whether gut dysbiosis is associated with the down-regulation of CYP3A and P-gp and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. 29911375 7 66 theme UC 1373:1374 arg1 feces 1376:1380 UC feces 1373:1380 UC feces showing more significant effects 1373:1413 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 4 67 theme normal 695:700 arg1 rats 702:705 normal rats 695:705 normal rats 695:705 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 6 68 theme membrane 1010:1017 arg1 buds 992:995 nano-scale special buds 973:995 nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria 973:1062 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 6 68 theme membrane 1010:1017 arg1 vesicles 953:960 Outer-membrane vesicles 938:960 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) 938:967 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 9 69 theme CYP3A4 1694:1699 arg1 down-regulation 1710:1724 CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation 1694:1724 down-regulation 1710:1724 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 7 70 theme human 1232:1236 arg1 cells 1275:1279 human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells 1232:1279 human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects 1232:1413 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 7 70 theme human 1232:1236 arg1 Caco-2 1282:1287 Caco-2 1282:1287 Caco-2 1282:1287 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 1 71 theme important 137:145 arg1 constituents 147:158 important constituents 137:158 important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier 137:200 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 1 71 theme important 137:145 arg1 roles 282:286 important roles 272:286 important roles 272:286 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 2 72 theme inflammatory 485:496 arg1 disease 504:510 inflammatory bowel disease 485:510 inflammatory bowel disease 485:510 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 0 73 from CYP3A 55:59 arg1 mechanisms 12:21 [Regulatory mechanisms 0:21 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate 0:107 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 0 74 from mechanisms 12:21 arg1 rats 83:86 rats 83:86 rats with dextran sulfate 83:107 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 0 74 from mechanisms 12:21 arg1 P-glycoprotein 65:78 P-glycoprotein 65:78 P-glycoprotein 65:78 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 0 74 from mechanisms 12:21 arg1 CYP3A 55:59 intestinal CYP3A 44:59 intestinal CYP3A 44:59 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 4 75 theme feces 684:688 arg1 administration 660:673 daily administration 654:673 daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats 654:792 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 0 76 theme dextran 93:99 arg1 sulfate 101:107 dextran sulfate 93:107 dextran sulfate 93:107 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 1 77 theme drug 323:326 arg1 absorption 328:337 drug absorption 323:337 drug absorption 323:337 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 6 78 theme nano-scale 973:982 arg1 buds 992:995 nano-scale special buds 973:995 nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria 973:1062 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 6 78 theme nano-scale 973:982 arg1 vesicles 953:960 Outer-membrane vesicles 938:960 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) 938:967 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 9 79 theme bacterial 1737:1745 arg1 OMVs 1747:1750 bacterial OMVs 1737:1750 bacterial OMVs 1737:1750 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 8 80 theme more 1512:1515 arg1 effects 1517:1523 more effects 1512:1523 more effects 1512:1523 Moreover, the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats elicited more effects than fractions of other molecular weights. 29911375 7 81 theme P-gp 1202:1205 arg1 RNA 1209:1211 P-gp m RNA 1202:1211 P-gp m RNA 1202:1211 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 7 82 from rats 1350:1353 arg1 OMVs 1337:1340 OMVs 1337:1340 OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects 1337:1413 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 7 83 theme CYP3A4 1191:1196 arg1 Expressions 1176:1186 Expressions 1176:1186 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA 1176:1211 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 5 84 theme UC 928:929 arg1 feces 931:935 UC feces 928:935 UC feces 928:935 Intestinal CYP3A2 and P-gp were significantly down-regulated in rats receiving UC feces. 29911375 7 85 from rats 1358:1361 arg1 OMVs 1337:1340 OMVs 1337:1340 OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects 1337:1413 Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp m RNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects. 29911375 2 86 theme Clinical 353:360 arg1 reports 362:368 Clinical reports 353:368 Clinical reports 353:368 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 0 87 theme gut 26:28 arg1 microbiota 30:39 gut microbiota 26:39 gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate 26:107 [Regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota on intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis]. 29911375 1 88 gly P-glycoprotein 245:258 arg1 P-gp 261:264 P-gp 261:264 P-gp 261:264 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 1 88 gly P-glycoprotein 245:258 arg1 P-glycoprotein 245:258 P-glycoprotein 245:258 P-glycoprotein (P-gp) 245:265 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 2 89 theme CYP3 423:426 arg1 A 428:428 intestinal CYP3 A 412:428 intestinal CYP3 A 412:428 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 8 90 theme molecular 1549:1557 arg1 weights 1559:1565 other molecular weights 1543:1565 other molecular weights 1543:1565 Moreover, the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats elicited more effects than fractions of other molecular weights. 29911375 4 91 with administration 660:673 arg1 colitis 732:738 ulcerative colitis 721:738 ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats 721:792 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 4 91 with administration 660:673 arg1 UC 741:742 UC 741:742 UC 741:742 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 2 92 theme diminished 401:410 arg1 expression 439:448 diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression 401:448 diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease 401:510 Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3 A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. 29911375 1 93 theme important 272:280 arg1 constituents 147:158 important constituents 137:158 important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier 137:200 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 1 93 theme important 272:280 arg1 roles 282:286 important roles 272:286 important roles 272:286 As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. 29911375 9 94 theme Caco-2 1581:1586 arg1 cells 1588:1592 Caco-2 cells 1581:1592 Caco-2 cells 1581:1592 Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. 29911375 10 95 theme gut 1798:1800 arg1 microbiota 1802:1811 gut microbiota 1798:1811 gut microbiota 1798:1811 Taken together, we proved in this study that gut microbiota can down-regulate intestinal CYP3A and P-gp partially through producing OMVs to activate the TLR4 signaling pathway. 29911375 4 96 theme normal 782:787 arg1 rats 789:792 normal rats 782:792 normal rats 782:792 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 4 97 from rats 711:714 arg1 administration 660:673 daily administration 654:673 daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats 654:792 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 6 98 theme bacterial 1124:1132 arg1 communities 1134:1144 bacterial communities 1124:1144 bacterial communities 1124:1144 Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. 29911375 10 99 theme intestinal 1831:1840 arg1 CYP3A 1842:1846 intestinal CYP3A 1831:1846 intestinal CYP3A 1831:1846 Taken together, we proved in this study that gut microbiota can down-regulate intestinal CYP3A and P-gp partially through producing OMVs to activate the TLR4 signaling pathway. 29911375 4 100 theme dextran 756:762 arg1 sodium 772:777 dextran sulfate sodium 756:777 dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats 756:792 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 4 101 from rats 702:705 arg1 administration 660:673 daily administration 654:673 daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats 654:792 In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. 29911375 8 102 from rats 1498:1501 arg1 fractions 1435:1443 the OMVs fractions 1426:1443 the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats 1426:1501 Moreover, the OMVs fractions within 30 000–50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats elicited more effects than fractions of other molecular weights. 24911407 6 0 theme carbon 999:1004 arg1 pools 1006:1010 the carbon pools 995:1010 the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix 995:1057 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 6 1 theme ³¹P 1108:1110 arg1 } 1111:1111 ¹³C{³¹P} 1104:1111 ¹³C{³¹P} 1104:1111 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 9 2 theme cell 1657:1660 arg1 surface 1662:1668 the cell surface 1653:1668 the cell surface 1653:1668 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 4 3 theme composition 634:644 arg1 determinations 608:621 determinations 608:621 determinations of biofilm composition 608:644 As insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies, determinations of biofilm composition pose a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses. 24911407 7 4 theme General 1119:1125 arg1 anomerics 1299:1307 anomerics 1299:1307 anomerics 1299:1307 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 4 theme General 1119:1125 arg1 sugar 1127:1131 General sugar 1119:1131 General sugar 1119:1131 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 4 theme General 1119:1125 arg1 types 1243:1247 specific carbon types 1227:1247 specific carbon types 1227:1247 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 4 theme General 1119:1125 arg1 carbons 1286:1292 glycyl carbons 1279:1292 glycyl carbons 1279:1292 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 4 theme General 1119:1125 arg1 carbonyls 1260:1268 carbonyls 1260:1268 carbonyls 1260:1268 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 4 theme General 1119:1125 arg1 amides 1271:1276 amides 1271:1276 amides 1271:1276 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 5 theme specific 1227:1234 arg1 anomerics 1299:1307 anomerics 1299:1307 anomerics 1299:1307 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 5 theme specific 1227:1234 arg1 sugar 1127:1131 General sugar 1119:1131 General sugar 1119:1131 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 5 theme specific 1227:1234 arg1 types 1243:1247 specific carbon types 1227:1247 specific carbon types 1227:1247 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 5 theme specific 1227:1234 arg1 carbons 1286:1292 glycyl carbons 1279:1292 glycyl carbons 1279:1292 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 5 theme specific 1227:1234 arg1 carbonyls 1260:1268 carbonyls 1260:1268 carbonyls 1260:1268 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 5 theme specific 1227:1234 arg1 amides 1271:1276 amides 1271:1276 amides 1271:1276 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 1 6 theme extracellular 183:195 arg1 matrix 197:202 a self-secreted extracellular matrix 167:202 a self-secreted extracellular matrix 167:202 Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix. 24911407 6 7 theme matrix 1052:1057 arg1 pools 1006:1010 the carbon pools 995:1010 the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix 995:1057 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 4 8 theme biochemical 679:689 arg1 analyses 707:714 conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses 666:714 conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses 666:714 As insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies, determinations of biofilm composition pose a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses. 24911407 7 9 theme carbon 1236:1241 arg1 anomerics 1299:1307 anomerics 1299:1307 anomerics 1299:1307 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 9 theme carbon 1236:1241 arg1 sugar 1127:1131 General sugar 1119:1131 General sugar 1119:1131 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 9 theme carbon 1236:1241 arg1 types 1243:1247 specific carbon types 1227:1247 specific carbon types 1227:1247 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 9 theme carbon 1236:1241 arg1 carbons 1286:1292 glycyl carbons 1279:1292 glycyl carbons 1279:1292 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 9 theme carbon 1236:1241 arg1 carbonyls 1260:1268 carbonyls 1260:1268 carbonyls 1260:1268 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 7 9 theme carbon 1236:1241 arg1 amides 1271:1276 amides 1271:1276 amides 1271:1276 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 4 10 theme biophysical 695:705 arg1 analyses 707:714 conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses 666:714 conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses 666:714 As insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies, determinations of biofilm composition pose a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses. 24911407 7 11 theme acid 1151:1154 arg1 pools 1156:1160 amino acid pools 1145:1160 amino acid pools 1145:1160 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 6 12 theme intact 1019:1024 arg1 matrix 1052:1057 the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix 1015:1057 the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix 1015:1057 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 9 13 theme environmental 1712:1724 arg1 variations 1726:1735 environmental variations 1712:1735 environmental variations 1712:1735 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 9 13 theme environmental 1712:1724 arg1 antibiotics 1809:1819 antibiotics 1809:1819 antibiotics 1809:1819 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 9 13 theme environmental 1712:1724 arg1 composition 1776:1786 altered nutrient composition 1759:1786 altered nutrient composition 1759:1786 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 9 13 theme environmental 1712:1724 arg1 stress 1799:1804 oxidative stress 1789:1804 oxidative stress 1789:1804 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 8 14 theme molecular 1427:1435 arg1 modifications 1437:1449 molecular modifications 1427:1449 molecular modifications with free amine groups 1427:1472 In addition, ¹⁵N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. 24911407 5 15 theme extracellular 733:745 arg1 composition 754:764 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition 717:764 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition 717:764 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 5 15 theme extracellular 733:745 arg1 complex 782:788 complex 782:788 complex 782:788 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 9 16 theme mutant 1571:1576 arg1 strains 1578:1584 mutant strains 1571:1584 mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface 1571:1668 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 1 17 theme bacterial 137:145 arg1 cells 147:151 bacterial cells 137:151 bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix 137:202 Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix. 24911407 6 18 theme ¹⁵N 1084:1086 arg1 } 1087:1087 ¹³C{(¹⁵N} 1079:1087 ¹³C{(¹⁵N} 1079:1087 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 3 19 theme genetic 356:362 arg1 requirements 378:389 Important genetic and molecular requirements 346:389 Important genetic and molecular requirements 346:389 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 8 20 theme amine 1461:1465 arg1 groups 1467:1472 free amine groups 1456:1472 free amine groups 1456:1472 In addition, ¹⁵N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. 24911407 5 21 with complex 782:788 arg1 biomolecules 848:859 other biomolecules 842:859 other biomolecules 842:859 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 5 21 with complex 782:788 arg1 proteins 803:810 several proteins 795:810 several proteins 795:810 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 5 21 with complex 782:788 arg1 polysaccharides 821:835 complex polysaccharides 813:835 complex polysaccharides 813:835 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 9 22 dep accompany 1702:1710 arg1 may 1698:1700 may 1698:1700 may 1698:1700 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 6 23 theme { 1082:1082 arg1 } 1087:1087 ¹³C{(¹⁵N} 1079:1087 ¹³C{(¹⁵N} 1079:1087 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 9 24 theme altered 1759:1765 arg1 composition 1776:1786 altered nutrient composition 1759:1786 altered nutrient composition 1759:1786 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 9 25 theme nutrient 1767:1774 arg1 composition 1776:1786 altered nutrient composition 1759:1786 altered nutrient composition 1759:1786 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 0 26 theme solid-state 73:83 arg1 approach 89:96 a top-down solid-state NMR approach 62:96 a top-down solid-state NMR approach 62:96 Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix: a top-down solid-state NMR approach. 24911407 5 27 theme V. 721:722 arg1 composition 754:764 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition 717:764 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition 717:764 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 5 27 theme V. 721:722 arg1 complex 782:788 complex 782:788 complex 782:788 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 3 28 dep V. 416:417 arg1 cholerae 419:426 cholerae 419:426 cholerae 419:426 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 6 29 theme ¹³C 1065:1067 arg1 CPMAS 1069:1073 ¹³C CPMAS 1065:1073 ¹³C CPMAS 1065:1073 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 3 30 theme molecular 368:376 arg1 requirements 378:389 Important genetic and molecular requirements 346:389 Important genetic and molecular requirements 346:389 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 5 31 theme complex 813:819 arg1 polysaccharides 821:835 complex polysaccharides 813:835 complex polysaccharides 813:835 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 0 32 dep approach 89:96 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix 0:59 Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix: a top-down solid-state NMR approach. 24911407 3 33 theme V. 416:417 arg1 formation 436:444 V. cholerae biofilm formation 416:444 V. cholerae biofilm formation 416:444 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 5 34 theme matrix 887:892 arg1 parts 894:898 matrix parts 887:898 matrix parts 887:898 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 8 35 theme amine 1354:1358 arg1 pool 1360:1363 a large amine pool 1346:1363 a large amine pool relative to amide contributions 1346:1395 In addition, ¹⁵N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. 24911407 6 36 theme { 1093:1093 arg1 } 1097:1097 ¹⁵N{³¹P} 1090:1097 ¹⁵N{³¹P} 1090:1097 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 8 37 theme relative 1365:1372 arg1 pool 1360:1363 a large amine pool 1346:1363 a large amine pool relative to amide contributions 1346:1395 In addition, ¹⁵N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. 24911407 7 38 theme amino 1145:1149 arg1 pools 1156:1160 amino acid pools 1145:1160 amino acid pools 1145:1160 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 0 39 theme cholerae 31:38 arg1 matrix 54:59 the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix 20:59 the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix 20:59 Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix: a top-down solid-state NMR approach. 24911407 6 40 theme solid-state 929:939 arg1 approach 945:952 a new top-down solid-state NMR approach 914:952 a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR 914:1116 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 7 41 theme glycyl 1279:1284 arg1 carbons 1286:1292 glycyl carbons 1279:1292 glycyl carbons 1279:1292 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 3 42 theme biofilm 428:434 arg1 formation 436:444 V. cholerae biofilm formation 416:444 V. cholerae biofilm formation 416:444 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 7 43 dep profiled 1173:1180 arg1 annotated 1199:1207 annotated 1199:1207 annotated 1199:1207 General sugar, lipid, and amino acid pools were first profiled and then further annotated and quantified as specific carbon types, including carbonyls, amides, glycyl carbons, and anomerics. 24911407 8 44 theme amide 1377:1381 arg1 contributions 1383:1395 amide contributions 1377:1395 amide contributions 1377:1395 In addition, ¹⁵N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. 24911407 8 45 with modifications 1437:1449 arg1 groups 1467:1472 free amine groups 1456:1472 free amine groups 1456:1472 In addition, ¹⁵N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. 24911407 0 46 theme matrix 54:59 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix 0:59 Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix: a top-down solid-state NMR approach. 24911407 6 47 theme new 916:918 arg1 approach 945:952 a new top-down solid-state NMR approach 914:952 a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR 914:1116 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 9 48 theme polysaccharide 1603:1616 arg1 production 1618:1627 polysaccharide production 1603:1627 polysaccharide production 1603:1627 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 3 49 theme intact 500:505 arg1 biofilm 507:513 the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix 496:537 biofilm 507:513 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 2 50 theme Biofilm 205:211 arg1 formation 213:221 Biofilm formation 205:221 Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae, the human pathogen responsible for cholera, 205:285 Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae, the human pathogen responsible for cholera, contributes to its environmental survival and infectivity. 24911407 10 51 theme biofilm 1932:1938 arg1 systems 1940:1946 complex biofilm systems 1924:1946 complex biofilm systems 1924:1946 More generally, our analysis has demonstrated that solid-state NMR is a valuable tool to characterize complex biofilm systems. 24911407 6 52 theme { 1107:1107 arg1 } 1111:1111 ¹³C{³¹P} 1104:1111 ¹³C{³¹P} 1104:1111 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 4 53 theme biofilm 626:632 arg1 composition 634:644 biofilm composition 626:644 biofilm composition 626:644 As insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies, determinations of biofilm composition pose a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses. 24911407 1 54 theme self-secreted 169:181 arg1 matrix 197:202 a self-secreted extracellular matrix 167:202 a self-secreted extracellular matrix 167:202 Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix. 24911407 5 55 theme other 842:846 arg1 biomolecules 848:859 other biomolecules 842:859 other biomolecules 842:859 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 10 56 theme valuable 1894:1901 arg1 tool 1903:1906 a valuable tool 1892:1906 a valuable tool to characterize complex biofilm systems 1892:1946 More generally, our analysis has demonstrated that solid-state NMR is a valuable tool to characterize complex biofilm systems. 24911407 10 56 theme valuable 1894:1901 arg1 NMR 1885:1887 solid-state NMR 1873:1887 solid-state NMR 1873:1887 More generally, our analysis has demonstrated that solid-state NMR is a valuable tool to characterize complex biofilm systems. 24911407 6 57 theme extracellular 1038:1050 arg1 matrix 1052:1057 the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix 1015:1057 the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix 1015:1057 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 4 58 theme conventional 666:677 arg1 analyses 707:714 conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses 666:714 conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses 666:714 As insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies, determinations of biofilm composition pose a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses. 24911407 2 59 theme human 247:251 arg1 cholerae 233:240 Vibrio cholerae 226:240 Vibrio cholerae 226:240 Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae, the human pathogen responsible for cholera, contributes to its environmental survival and infectivity. 24911407 2 59 theme human 247:251 arg1 pathogen 253:260 the human pathogen 243:260 the human pathogen responsible for cholera 243:284 Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae, the human pathogen responsible for cholera, contributes to its environmental survival and infectivity. 24911407 6 60 theme V. 1026:1027 arg1 matrix 1052:1057 the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix 1015:1057 the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix 1015:1057 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 8 61 theme modifications 1437:1449 arg1 prevalence 1413:1422 the prevalence 1409:1422 the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups 1409:1472 In addition, ¹⁵N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. 24911407 8 62 theme free 1456:1459 arg1 groups 1467:1472 free amine groups 1456:1472 free amine groups 1456:1472 In addition, ¹⁵N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. 24911407 5 63 theme matrix 747:752 arg1 composition 754:764 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition 717:764 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition 717:764 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 5 63 theme matrix 747:752 arg1 complex 782:788 complex 782:788 complex 782:788 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 9 64 theme top-down 1479:1486 arg1 approach 1488:1495 Our top-down approach 1475:1495 Our top-down approach 1475:1495 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 9 65 from strains 1578:1584 arg1 matrix 1559:1564 the extracellular matrix 1541:1564 the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface 1541:1668 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 6 66 dep V. 1026:1027 arg1 cholerae 1029:1036 cholerae 1029:1036 cholerae 1029:1036 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 0 67 theme top-down 64:71 arg1 approach 89:96 a top-down solid-state NMR approach 62:96 a top-down solid-state NMR approach 62:96 Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix: a top-down solid-state NMR approach. 24911407 2 68 theme responsible 262:272 arg1 cholerae 233:240 Vibrio cholerae 226:240 Vibrio cholerae 226:240 Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae, the human pathogen responsible for cholera, contributes to its environmental survival and infectivity. 24911407 2 68 theme responsible 262:272 arg1 pathogen 253:260 the human pathogen 243:260 the human pathogen responsible for cholera 243:284 Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae, the human pathogen responsible for cholera, contributes to its environmental survival and infectivity. 24911407 1 69 theme cells 147:151 arg1 communities 122:132 communities 122:132 communities of bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix 122:202 Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix. 24911407 1 69 theme cells 147:151 arg1 biofilms 109:116 Bacterial biofilms 99:116 Bacterial biofilms 99:116 Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix. 24911407 6 70 dep CPMAS 1069:1073 arg1 REDOR 1112:1116 REDOR 1112:1116 REDOR 1112:1116 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 0 71 theme NMR 85:87 arg1 approach 89:96 a top-down solid-state NMR approach 62:96 a top-down solid-state NMR approach 62:96 Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix: a top-down solid-state NMR approach. 24911407 6 72 theme ¹³C 1079:1081 arg1 } 1087:1087 ¹³C{(¹⁵N} 1079:1087 ¹³C{(¹⁵N} 1079:1087 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 3 73 theme Important 346:354 arg1 requirements 378:389 Important genetic and molecular requirements 346:389 Important genetic and molecular requirements 346:389 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 5 74 theme several 795:801 arg1 proteins 803:810 several proteins 795:810 several proteins 795:810 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 2 75 theme environmental 306:318 arg1 survival 320:327 its environmental survival 302:327 its environmental survival 302:327 Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae, the human pathogen responsible for cholera, contributes to its environmental survival and infectivity. 24911407 6 76 theme ¹³C 1104:1106 arg1 } 1111:1111 ¹³C{³¹P} 1104:1111 ¹³C{³¹P} 1104:1111 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 8 77 theme ¹⁵N 1323:1325 arg1 profiling 1327:1335 ¹⁵N profiling 1323:1335 ¹⁵N profiling 1323:1335 In addition, ¹⁵N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. 24911407 9 78 theme oxidative 1789:1797 arg1 stress 1799:1804 oxidative stress 1789:1804 oxidative stress 1789:1804 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 5 79 dep V. 721:722 arg1 cholerae 724:731 cholerae 724:731 cholerae 724:731 The V. cholerae extracellular matrix composition is particularly complex with several proteins, complex polysaccharides, and other biomolecules having been identified as matrix parts. 24911407 4 80 theme non-crystalline 580:594 arg1 challenge 653:661 a challenge 651:661 a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses 651:714 As insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies, determinations of biofilm composition pose a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses. 24911407 4 80 theme non-crystalline 580:594 arg1 assemblies 596:605 insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies 566:605 insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies 566:605 As insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies, determinations of biofilm composition pose a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses. 24911407 3 81 theme compositional 453:465 arg1 accounting 467:476 a compositional accounting 451:476 a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix 451:537 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 0 82 theme Vibrio 24:29 arg1 cholerae 31:38 Vibrio cholerae 24:38 the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix 20:59 Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix: a top-down solid-state NMR approach. 24911407 1 83 theme Bacterial 99:107 arg1 communities 122:132 communities 122:132 communities of bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix 122:202 Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix. 24911407 1 83 theme Bacterial 99:107 arg1 biofilms 109:116 Bacterial biofilms 99:116 Bacterial biofilms 99:116 Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacterial cells surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix. 24911407 6 84 theme ³¹P 1094:1096 arg1 } 1097:1097 ¹⁵N{³¹P} 1090:1097 ¹⁵N{³¹P} 1090:1097 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 10 85 theme solid-state 1873:1883 arg1 tool 1903:1906 a valuable tool 1892:1906 a valuable tool to characterize complex biofilm systems 1892:1946 More generally, our analysis has demonstrated that solid-state NMR is a valuable tool to characterize complex biofilm systems. 24911407 10 85 theme solid-state 1873:1883 arg1 NMR 1885:1887 solid-state NMR 1873:1887 solid-state NMR 1873:1887 More generally, our analysis has demonstrated that solid-state NMR is a valuable tool to characterize complex biofilm systems. 24911407 8 86 theme large 1348:1352 arg1 pool 1360:1363 a large amine pool 1346:1363 a large amine pool relative to amide contributions 1346:1395 In addition, ¹⁵N profiling revealed a large amine pool relative to amide contributions, reflecting the prevalence of molecular modifications with free amine groups. 24911407 0 87 theme extracellular 40:52 arg1 matrix 54:59 the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix 20:59 the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix 20:59 Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae extracellular matrix: a top-down solid-state NMR approach. 24911407 6 88 theme NMR 941:943 arg1 approach 945:952 a new top-down solid-state NMR approach 914:952 a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR 914:1116 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 6 89 theme ¹⁵N 1090:1092 arg1 } 1097:1097 ¹⁵N{³¹P} 1090:1097 ¹⁵N{³¹P} 1090:1097 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 3 90 theme parts 487:491 arg1 accounting 467:476 a compositional accounting 451:476 a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix 451:537 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 6 91 theme top-down 920:927 arg1 approach 945:952 a new top-down solid-state NMR approach 914:952 a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR 914:1116 We developed a new top-down solid-state NMR approach to spectroscopically assign and quantify the carbon pools of the intact V. cholerae extracellular matrix using ¹³C CPMAS and ¹³C{(¹⁵N}, ¹⁵N{³¹P}, and ¹³C{³¹P}REDOR. 24911407 4 92 theme insoluble 566:574 arg1 challenge 653:661 a challenge 651:661 a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses 651:714 As insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies, determinations of biofilm composition pose a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses. 24911407 4 92 theme insoluble 566:574 arg1 assemblies 596:605 insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies 566:605 insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies 566:605 As insoluble and non-crystalline assemblies, determinations of biofilm composition pose a challenge to conventional biochemical and biophysical analyses. 24911407 2 93 theme Vibrio 226:231 arg1 cholerae 233:240 Vibrio cholerae 226:240 Vibrio cholerae 226:240 Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae, the human pathogen responsible for cholera, contributes to its environmental survival and infectivity. 24911407 2 93 theme Vibrio 226:231 arg1 pathogen 253:260 the human pathogen 243:260 the human pathogen responsible for cholera 243:284 Biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae, the human pathogen responsible for cholera, contributes to its environmental survival and infectivity. 24911407 3 94 theme extracellular 518:530 arg1 matrix 532:537 the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix 496:537 matrix 532:537 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 9 95 theme extracellular 1545:1557 arg1 matrix 1559:1564 the extracellular matrix 1541:1564 the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface 1541:1668 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 9 96 theme lipid 1632:1636 arg1 release 1638:1644 lipid release 1632:1644 lipid release 1632:1644 Our top-down approach could be implemented immediately to examine the extracellular matrix from mutant strains that might alter polysaccharide production or lipid release beyond the cell surface; or to monitor changes that may accompany environmental variations and stressors such as altered nutrient composition, oxidative stress or antibiotics. 24911407 10 97 theme complex 1924:1930 arg1 systems 1940:1946 complex biofilm systems 1924:1946 complex biofilm systems 1924:1946 More generally, our analysis has demonstrated that solid-state NMR is a valuable tool to characterize complex biofilm systems. 24911407 3 98 from accounting 467:476 arg1 biofilm 507:513 the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix 496:537 biofilm 507:513 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 24911407 3 98 from accounting 467:476 arg1 matrix 532:537 the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix 496:537 matrix 532:537 Important genetic and molecular requirements have been identified for V. cholerae biofilm formation, yet a compositional accounting of these parts in the intact biofilm or extracellular matrix has not been described. 28242519 12 0 theme AC/scaffold 1787:1797 arg1 group 1799:1803 AC/scaffold group 1787:1803 AC/scaffold group 1787:1803 Articular cartilages were best preserved in AC/scaffold group. 28242519 10 1 theme macroscopic 1488:1498 arg1 studies 1535:1541 macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies 1488:1541 macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus 1488:1566 At 7 months post-implantation, macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus revealed better results in AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups. 28242519 2 2 theme stem 376:379 arg1 cell 381:384 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell 348:384 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) 348:390 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 2 2 theme stem 376:379 arg1 ASC 387:389 ASC 387:389 ASC 387:389 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 12 3 theme Articular 1743:1751 arg1 cartilages 1753:1762 Articular cartilages 1743:1762 Articular cartilages 1743:1762 Articular cartilages were best preserved in AC/scaffold group. 28242519 2 4 theme Polyvinyl 293:301 arg1 scaffold 329:336 Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold 293:336 Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) 293:422 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 6 5 theme electron 862:869 arg1 microscopy 871:880 Scanning electron microscopy 853:880 Scanning electron microscopy imaging 853:888 Scanning electron microscopy imaging was performed for pore size measurement and cell attachment. 28242519 8 6 theme Ch4 1179:1181 arg1 properties 1130:1139 the mechanical properties 1115:1139 the mechanical properties 1115:1139 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 8 6 theme Ch4 1179:1181 arg1 uptake 1148:1153 water uptake 1142:1153 water uptake 1142:1153 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 8 6 theme Ch4 1179:1181 arg1 rate 1171:1174 degradation rate 1159:1174 degradation rate 1159:1174 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 14 7 contain has 1989:1991 arg2 contribution 2008:2019 no significant contribution 1993:2019 no significant contribution 1993:2019 Our results support that Ch4 scaffold seeded by AC alone can successfully regenerate meniscus in tearing injury and ASC has no significant contribution in the healing process. 28242519 14 7 contain has 1989:1991 arg1 ASC 1985:1987 ASC 1985:1987 ASC 1985:1987 Our results support that Ch4 scaffold seeded by AC alone can successfully regenerate meniscus in tearing injury and ASC has no significant contribution in the healing process. 28242519 13 8 located observed 1838:1845 arg1 group 1862:1866 AC/scaffold group 1850:1866 AC/scaffold group 1850:1866 The best histological score was observed in AC/scaffold group. 28242519 13 8 located observed 1838:1845 arg2 score 1828:1832 The best histological score 1806:1832 The best histological score 1806:1832 The best histological score was observed in AC/scaffold group. 28242519 8 9 theme Ch8 1187:1189 arg1 properties 1130:1139 the mechanical properties 1115:1139 the mechanical properties 1115:1139 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 8 9 theme Ch8 1187:1189 arg1 uptake 1148:1153 water uptake 1142:1153 water uptake 1142:1153 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 8 9 theme Ch8 1187:1189 arg1 rate 1171:1174 degradation rate 1159:1174 degradation rate 1159:1174 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 8 10 theme water 1142:1146 arg1 uptake 1148:1153 water uptake 1142:1153 water uptake 1142:1153 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 4 11 theme modulus 612:618 arg1 amount 591:596 amount 591:596 amount of Ch tensile modulus 591:618 By increasing amount of Ch tensile modulus was increased from 83.51 MPa for Ch1 to 110 MPa for Ch8 while toughness showed decrease from 0.33 mJ/mm3 in Ch1 to 0.11 mJ/mm3 in Ch8 constructs. 28242519 4 11 theme modulus 612:618 arg1 modulus 612:618 Ch tensile modulus 601:618 Ch tensile modulus 601:618 By increasing amount of Ch tensile modulus was increased from 83.51 MPa for Ch1 to 110 MPa for Ch8 while toughness showed decrease from 0.33 mJ/mm3 in Ch1 to 0.11 mJ/mm3 in Ch8 constructs. 28242519 10 12 theme regenerated 1547:1557 arg1 meniscus 1559:1566 regenerated meniscus 1547:1566 regenerated meniscus 1547:1566 At 7 months post-implantation, macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus revealed better results in AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups. 28242519 3 13 with scaffolds 461:469 arg1 contents 492:499 different molar contents 476:499 different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) 476:529 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. 28242519 6 14 theme cell 934:937 arg1 attachment 939:948 cell attachment 934:948 cell attachment 934:948 Scanning electron microscopy imaging was performed for pore size measurement and cell attachment. 28242519 10 15 theme AC/scaffold 1595:1605 arg1 group 1607:1611 AC/scaffold group 1595:1611 AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups 1595:1663 At 7 months post-implantation, macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus revealed better results in AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups. 28242519 1 16 theme articular 219:227 arg1 degeneration 239:250 articular cartilage degeneration 219:250 articular cartilage degeneration 219:250 The meniscus has poor intrinsic regenerative capacity and its damage inevitably leads to articular cartilage degeneration. 28242519 6 17 theme pore 908:911 arg1 measurement 918:928 pore size measurement 908:928 pore size measurement 908:928 Scanning electron microscopy imaging was performed for pore size measurement and cell attachment. 28242519 11 18 theme obvious 1712:1718 arg1 regeneration 1729:1740 no obvious meniscus regeneration 1709:1740 no obvious meniscus regeneration 1709:1740 In the cell-free scaffold group, there was no obvious meniscus regeneration. 28242519 0 19 theme cells-chondrocytes 63:80 arg1 co-culture 82:91 adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture 38:91 adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture 38:91 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 28242519 5 20 theme degradation 795:805 arg1 rate 807:810 degradation rate 795:810 degradation rate 795:810 Moreover, swelling ratio and degradation rate increased with an increase in Ch amount. 28242519 5 21 from increase 830:837 arg1 amount 845:850 Ch amount 842:850 Ch amount 842:850 Moreover, swelling ratio and degradation rate increased with an increase in Ch amount. 28242519 1 22 theme poor 147:150 arg1 capacity 175:182 poor intrinsic regenerative capacity 147:182 poor intrinsic regenerative capacity 147:182 The meniscus has poor intrinsic regenerative capacity and its damage inevitably leads to articular cartilage degeneration. 28242519 1 23 theme regenerative 162:173 arg1 capacity 175:182 poor intrinsic regenerative capacity 147:182 poor intrinsic regenerative capacity 147:182 The meniscus has poor intrinsic regenerative capacity and its damage inevitably leads to articular cartilage degeneration. 28242519 0 24 theme hybrid 98:103 arg1 scaffold 105:112 a hybrid scaffold 96:112 a hybrid scaffold 96:112 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 28242519 4 25 from 0.11 mJ/mm3 735:745 arg1 constructs 754:763 Ch8 constructs 750:763 Ch8 constructs 750:763 By increasing amount of Ch tensile modulus was increased from 83.51 MPa for Ch1 to 110 MPa for Ch8 while toughness showed decrease from 0.33 mJ/mm3 in Ch1 to 0.11 mJ/mm3 in Ch8 constructs. 28242519 4 26 theme Ch8 750:752 arg1 constructs 754:763 Ch8 constructs 750:763 Ch8 constructs 750:763 By increasing amount of Ch tensile modulus was increased from 83.51 MPa for Ch1 to 110 MPa for Ch8 while toughness showed decrease from 0.33 mJ/mm3 in Ch1 to 0.11 mJ/mm3 in Ch8 constructs. 28242519 3 27 dep Ch 504:505 arg1 Ch1 508:510 Ch1 508:510 Ch1 508:510 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. 28242519 3 27 dep Ch 504:505 arg1 Ch8 526:528 Ch8 526:528 Ch8 526:528 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. 28242519 3 27 dep Ch 504:505 arg1 Ch4 518:520 Ch4 518:520 Ch4 518:520 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. 28242519 3 27 dep Ch 504:505 arg1 Ch2 513:515 Ch2 513:515 Ch2 513:515 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. 28242519 4 28 from 0.33 mJ/mm3 713:723 arg1 decrease 699:706 decrease 699:706 decrease from 0.33 mJ/mm3 699:723 By increasing amount of Ch tensile modulus was increased from 83.51 MPa for Ch1 to 110 MPa for Ch8 while toughness showed decrease from 0.33 mJ/mm3 in Ch1 to 0.11 mJ/mm3 in Ch8 constructs. 28242519 7 29 from increase 1045:1052 arg1 p ≤ 0.05 1083:1090 p ≤ 0.05 1083:1090 p ≤ 0.05 1083:1090 At day 21, Ch4 construct seeded by AC showed the highest expression with 24.3 and 22.64 folds increase in collagen II and aggrecan (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. 28242519 7 29 from increase 1045:1052 arg1 collagen 1057:1064 collagen II 1057:1067 collagen II 1057:1067 At day 21, Ch4 construct seeded by AC showed the highest expression with 24.3 and 22.64 folds increase in collagen II and aggrecan (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. 28242519 7 29 from increase 1045:1052 arg1 aggrecan 1073:1080 aggrecan 1073:1080 aggrecan (p ≤ 0.05) 1073:1091 At day 21, Ch4 construct seeded by AC showed the highest expression with 24.3 and 22.64 folds increase in collagen II and aggrecan (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. 28242519 0 30 theme meniscus 16:23 arg1 tissue 25:30 meniscus tissue 16:30 meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold 16:112 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 28242519 9 31 theme New 1286:1288 arg1 rabbits 1298:1304 New Zealand rabbits 1286:1304 New Zealand rabbits 1286:1304 New Zealand rabbits were underwent unilateral total medial meniscectomy and AC/scaffold, ASC/scaffold, AC-ASC (co-culture)/scaffold and cell-free scaffold were engrafted. 28242519 13 32 theme histological 1815:1826 arg1 score 1828:1832 The best histological score 1806:1832 The best histological score 1806:1832 The best histological score was observed in AC/scaffold group. 28242519 3 33 theme PVA/Ch 454:459 arg1 scaffolds 461:469 The PVA/Ch scaffolds 450:469 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) 450:529 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. 28242519 14 34 theme tearing 1966:1972 arg1 injury 1974:1979 tearing injury 1966:1979 tearing injury 1966:1979 Our results support that Ch4 scaffold seeded by AC alone can successfully regenerate meniscus in tearing injury and ASC has no significant contribution in the healing process. 28242519 14 35 theme Ch4 1894:1896 arg1 scaffold 1898:1905 Ch4 scaffold 1894:1905 Ch4 scaffold seeded by AC alone 1894:1924 Our results support that Ch4 scaffold seeded by AC alone can successfully regenerate meniscus in tearing injury and ASC has no significant contribution in the healing process. 28242519 11 36 theme cell-free 1673:1681 arg1 group 1692:1696 the cell-free scaffold group 1669:1696 the cell-free scaffold group 1669:1696 In the cell-free scaffold group, there was no obvious meniscus regeneration. 28242519 2 37 theme mesenchymal 364:374 arg1 cell 381:384 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell 348:384 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) 348:390 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 2 37 theme mesenchymal 364:374 arg1 ASC 387:389 ASC 387:389 ASC 387:389 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 0 38 theme mesenchymal 46:56 arg1 co-culture 82:91 adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture 38:91 adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture 38:91 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 28242519 10 39 theme months 1462:1467 arg1 post-implantation 1469:1485 7 months post-implantation 1460:1485 7 months post-implantation 1460:1485 At 7 months post-implantation, macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus revealed better results in AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups. 28242519 3 40 theme molar 486:490 arg1 contents 492:499 different molar contents 476:499 different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) 476:529 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. 28242519 9 41 theme total 1332:1336 arg1 meniscectomy 1345:1356 unilateral total medial meniscectomy 1321:1356 unilateral total medial meniscectomy 1321:1356 New Zealand rabbits were underwent unilateral total medial meniscectomy and AC/scaffold, ASC/scaffold, AC-ASC (co-culture)/scaffold and cell-free scaffold were engrafted. 28242519 0 42 dep Regeneration 0:11 arg1 study 123:127 In vivo study 115:127 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 0:128 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 28242519 13 43 theme best 1810:1813 arg1 score 1828:1832 The best histological score 1806:1832 The best histological score 1806:1832 The best histological score was observed in AC/scaffold group. 28242519 2 44 link adipose-derived 348:362 arg1 cell 381:384 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell 348:384 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) 348:390 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 2 44 link adipose-derived 348:362 arg1 ASC 387:389 ASC 387:389 ASC 387:389 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 2 45 theme alcohol/Chitosan 303:318 arg1 scaffold 329:336 Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold 293:336 Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) 293:422 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 6 46 theme microscopy 871:880 arg1 imaging 882:888 Scanning electron microscopy imaging 853:888 Scanning electron microscopy imaging 853:888 Scanning electron microscopy imaging was performed for pore size measurement and cell attachment. 28242519 8 47 contain had 1204:1206 arg1 uptake 1148:1153 water uptake 1142:1153 water uptake 1142:1153 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 8 47 contain had 1204:1206 arg1 properties 1130:1139 the mechanical properties 1115:1139 the mechanical properties 1115:1139 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 8 47 contain had 1204:1206 arg2 differences 1237:1247 no statistically significant differences 1208:1247 no statistically significant differences 1208:1247 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 8 47 contain had 1204:1206 arg1 rate 1171:1174 degradation rate 1159:1174 degradation rate 1159:1174 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 4 48 dep 0.11 mJ/mm3 735:745 arg1 Ch1 728:730 Ch1 728:730 Ch1 728:730 By increasing amount of Ch tensile modulus was increased from 83.51 MPa for Ch1 to 110 MPa for Ch8 while toughness showed decrease from 0.33 mJ/mm3 in Ch1 to 0.11 mJ/mm3 in Ch8 constructs. 28242519 10 49 theme immunofluorescent 1517:1533 arg1 studies 1535:1541 macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies 1488:1541 macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus 1488:1566 At 7 months post-implantation, macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus revealed better results in AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups. 28242519 6 50 theme Scanning 853:860 arg1 microscopy 871:880 Scanning electron microscopy 853:880 Scanning electron microscopy imaging 853:888 Scanning electron microscopy imaging was performed for pore size measurement and cell attachment. 28242519 10 51 theme better 1577:1582 arg1 results 1584:1590 better results 1577:1590 better results 1577:1590 At 7 months post-implantation, macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus revealed better results in AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups. 28242519 1 52 contain has 143:145 arg2 capacity 175:182 poor intrinsic regenerative capacity 147:182 poor intrinsic regenerative capacity 147:182 The meniscus has poor intrinsic regenerative capacity and its damage inevitably leads to articular cartilage degeneration. 28242519 1 52 contain has 143:145 arg1 meniscus 134:141 The meniscus 130:141 The meniscus 130:141 The meniscus has poor intrinsic regenerative capacity and its damage inevitably leads to articular cartilage degeneration. 28242519 2 53 theme scaffold 329:336 arg1 effects 282:288 the effects 278:288 the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration 278:447 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 5 54 theme Ch 842:843 arg1 amount 845:850 Ch amount 842:850 Ch amount 842:850 Moreover, swelling ratio and degradation rate increased with an increase in Ch amount. 28242519 8 55 theme mechanical 1119:1128 arg1 properties 1130:1139 the mechanical properties 1115:1139 the mechanical properties 1115:1139 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 2 56 theme PVA/Ch 321:326 arg1 scaffold 329:336 Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold 293:336 Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) 293:422 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 9 57 theme /scaffold 1408:1416 arg1 meniscectomy 1345:1356 unilateral total medial meniscectomy 1321:1356 unilateral total medial meniscectomy 1321:1356 New Zealand rabbits were underwent unilateral total medial meniscectomy and AC/scaffold, ASC/scaffold, AC-ASC (co-culture)/scaffold and cell-free scaffold were engrafted. 28242519 4 58 theme tensile 604:610 arg1 modulus 612:618 Ch tensile modulus 601:618 Ch tensile modulus 601:618 By increasing amount of Ch tensile modulus was increased from 83.51 MPa for Ch1 to 110 MPa for Ch8 while toughness showed decrease from 0.33 mJ/mm3 in Ch1 to 0.11 mJ/mm3 in Ch8 constructs. 28242519 2 59 theme adipose-derived 348:362 arg1 cell 381:384 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell 348:384 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) 348:390 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 2 59 theme adipose-derived 348:362 arg1 ASC 387:389 ASC 387:389 ASC 387:389 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 9 60 theme cell-free 1422:1430 arg1 scaffold 1432:1439 cell-free scaffold 1422:1439 cell-free scaffold 1422:1439 New Zealand rabbits were underwent unilateral total medial meniscectomy and AC/scaffold, ASC/scaffold, AC-ASC (co-culture)/scaffold and cell-free scaffold were engrafted. 28242519 7 61 theme highest 1000:1006 arg1 expression 1008:1017 the highest expression 996:1017 the highest expression 996:1017 At day 21, Ch4 construct seeded by AC showed the highest expression with 24.3 and 22.64 folds increase in collagen II and aggrecan (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. 28242519 3 62 theme pre-polyurethane 552:567 arg1 chains 569:574 pre-polyurethane chains 552:574 pre-polyurethane chains 552:574 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. 28242519 8 63 theme degradation 1159:1169 arg1 rate 1171:1174 degradation rate 1159:1174 degradation rate 1159:1174 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 6 64 theme size 913:916 arg1 measurement 918:928 pore size measurement 908:928 pore size measurement 908:928 Scanning electron microscopy imaging was performed for pore size measurement and cell attachment. 28242519 8 65 theme significant 1225:1235 arg1 differences 1237:1247 no statistically significant differences 1208:1247 no statistically significant differences 1208:1247 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 2 66 from effects 282:288 arg1 regeneration 436:447 meniscus regeneration 427:447 meniscus regeneration 427:447 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 7 67 theme Ch4 962:964 arg1 construct 966:974 Ch4 construct 962:974 Ch4 construct seeded by AC 962:987 At day 21, Ch4 construct seeded by AC showed the highest expression with 24.3 and 22.64 folds increase in collagen II and aggrecan (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. 28242519 1 68 theme cartilage 229:237 arg1 degeneration 239:250 articular cartilage degeneration 219:250 articular cartilage degeneration 219:250 The meniscus has poor intrinsic regenerative capacity and its damage inevitably leads to articular cartilage degeneration. 28242519 11 69 theme meniscus 1720:1727 arg1 regeneration 1729:1740 no obvious meniscus regeneration 1709:1740 no obvious meniscus regeneration 1709:1740 In the cell-free scaffold group, there was no obvious meniscus regeneration. 28242519 1 70 theme intrinsic 152:160 arg1 capacity 175:182 poor intrinsic regenerative capacity 147:182 poor intrinsic regenerative capacity 147:182 The meniscus has poor intrinsic regenerative capacity and its damage inevitably leads to articular cartilage degeneration. 28242519 13 71 theme AC/scaffold 1850:1860 arg1 group 1862:1866 AC/scaffold group 1850:1866 AC/scaffold group 1850:1866 The best histological score was observed in AC/scaffold group. 28242519 0 72 theme In vivo 115:121 arg1 study 123:127 In vivo study 115:127 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 0:128 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 28242519 2 73 theme articular 396:404 arg1 AC 420:421 AC 420:421 AC 420:421 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 2 73 theme articular 396:404 arg1 chondrocytes 406:417 articular chondrocytes 396:417 articular chondrocytes (AC) 396:422 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 5 74 theme swelling 776:783 arg1 ratio 785:789 swelling ratio 776:789 swelling ratio 776:789 Moreover, swelling ratio and degradation rate increased with an increase in Ch amount. 28242519 0 75 theme tissue 25:30 arg1 Regeneration 0:11 Regeneration 0:11 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 0:128 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 28242519 8 76 dep Ch4 1179:1181 arg1 compositions 1191:1202 compositions 1191:1202 compositions 1191:1202 Since, the mechanical properties, water uptake and degradation rate of Ch4 and Ch8 compositions had no statistically significant differences, Ch4 was selected for in vivo study. 28242519 2 77 theme meniscus 427:434 arg1 regeneration 436:447 meniscus regeneration 427:447 meniscus regeneration 427:447 We focused on evaluating the effects of Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/Ch) scaffold seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) in meniscus regeneration. 28242519 11 78 theme scaffold 1683:1690 arg1 group 1692:1696 the cell-free scaffold group 1669:1696 the cell-free scaffold group 1669:1696 In the cell-free scaffold group, there was no obvious meniscus regeneration. 28242519 3 79 theme different 476:484 arg1 contents 492:499 different molar contents 476:499 different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) 476:529 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. 28242519 0 80 theme adipose 38:44 arg1 co-culture 82:91 adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture 38:91 adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture 38:91 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 28242519 9 81 theme Zealand 1290:1296 arg1 rabbits 1298:1304 New Zealand rabbits 1286:1304 New Zealand rabbits 1286:1304 New Zealand rabbits were underwent unilateral total medial meniscectomy and AC/scaffold, ASC/scaffold, AC-ASC (co-culture)/scaffold and cell-free scaffold were engrafted. 28242519 10 82 theme ASC/scaffold 1645:1656 arg1 groups 1658:1663 AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups 1625:1663 AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups 1625:1663 At 7 months post-implantation, macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus revealed better results in AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups. 28242519 0 83 theme stem 58:61 arg1 co-culture 82:91 adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture 38:91 adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture 38:91 Regeneration of meniscus tissue using adipose mesenchymal stem cells-chondrocytes co-culture on a hybrid scaffold: In vivo study. 28242519 10 84 theme histologic 1501:1510 arg1 studies 1535:1541 macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies 1488:1541 macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus 1488:1566 At 7 months post-implantation, macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus revealed better results in AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups. 28242519 14 85 theme significant 1996:2006 arg1 contribution 2008:2019 no significant contribution 1993:2019 no significant contribution 1993:2019 Our results support that Ch4 scaffold seeded by AC alone can successfully regenerate meniscus in tearing injury and ASC has no significant contribution in the healing process. 28242519 3 86 theme Ch 504:505 arg1 contents 492:499 different molar contents 476:499 different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) 476:529 The PVA/Ch scaffolds with different molar contents of Ch (Ch1, Ch2, Ch4 and Ch8) were cross-linked by pre-polyurethane chains. 28242519 9 87 theme unilateral 1321:1330 arg1 meniscectomy 1345:1356 unilateral total medial meniscectomy 1321:1356 unilateral total medial meniscectomy 1321:1356 New Zealand rabbits were underwent unilateral total medial meniscectomy and AC/scaffold, ASC/scaffold, AC-ASC (co-culture)/scaffold and cell-free scaffold were engrafted. 28242519 14 88 theme healing 2028:2034 arg1 process 2036:2042 the healing process 2024:2042 the healing process 2024:2042 Our results support that Ch4 scaffold seeded by AC alone can successfully regenerate meniscus in tearing injury and ASC has no significant contribution in the healing process. 28242519 9 89 theme medial 1338:1343 arg1 meniscectomy 1345:1356 unilateral total medial meniscectomy 1321:1356 unilateral total medial meniscectomy 1321:1356 New Zealand rabbits were underwent unilateral total medial meniscectomy and AC/scaffold, ASC/scaffold, AC-ASC (co-culture)/scaffold and cell-free scaffold were engrafted. 28242519 10 90 theme AC-ASC/scaffold 1625:1639 arg1 groups 1658:1663 AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups 1625:1663 AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups 1625:1663 At 7 months post-implantation, macroscopic, histologic, and immunofluorescent studies for regenerated meniscus revealed better results in AC/scaffold group followed by AC-ASC/scaffold and ASC/scaffold groups. 28242519 4 91 theme Ch 601:602 arg1 modulus 612:618 Ch tensile modulus 601:618 Ch tensile modulus 601:618 By increasing amount of Ch tensile modulus was increased from 83.51 MPa for Ch1 to 110 MPa for Ch8 while toughness showed decrease from 0.33 mJ/mm3 in Ch1 to 0.11 mJ/mm3 in Ch8 constructs. 28242519 7 92 dep 24.3 1024:1027 arg1 folds 1039:1043 folds 1039:1043 folds increase in collagen II and aggrecan (p ≤ 0.05) 1039:1091 At day 21, Ch4 construct seeded by AC showed the highest expression with 24.3 and 22.64 folds increase in collagen II and aggrecan (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. 28298377 4 0 theme pollination 671:681 arg1 effectiveness 683:695 the pollination effectiveness 667:695 the pollination effectiveness of birds and insects 667:716 A bird exclusion experiment was used to compare the pollination effectiveness of birds and insects. 28298377 2 1 theme Camellia 353:360 arg1 species 362:368 several Camellia species 345:368 several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea) 345:404 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 4 2 theme bird 621:624 arg1 experiment 636:645 A bird exclusion experiment 619:645 A bird exclusion experiment 619:645 A bird exclusion experiment was used to compare the pollination effectiveness of birds and insects. 28298377 10 3 theme Camellia 1436:1443 arg1 species 1445:1451 The eight Camellia species 1426:1451 The eight Camellia species 1426:1451 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 1 4 theme nectar 149:154 arg1 Properties 128:137 THE STUDY Properties 118:137 THE STUDY Properties of floral nectar 118:154 PREMISE OF THE STUDY Properties of floral nectar have been used to predict if a plant species is pollinated by birds. 28298377 10 5 from nectar 1586:1591 arg1 species 1605:1611 Camellia species 1596:1611 Camellia species 1596:1611 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 2 6 theme nectar 271:276 arg1 properties 278:287 nectar properties 271:287 nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators 271:321 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 9 7 theme low 1365:1367 arg1 concentration 1375:1387 a low sugar concentration 1363:1387 a low sugar concentration (19%) 1363:1393 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 9 7 theme low 1365:1367 arg1 % 1392:1392 19% 1390:1392 19% 1390:1392 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 5 8 dep components 732:741 arg1 glucose 754:760 glucose 754:760 glucose 754:760 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 8 dep components 732:741 arg1 sucrose 767:773 sucrose 767:773 sucrose 767:773 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 8 dep components 732:741 arg1 fructose 744:751 fructose 744:751 fructose 744:751 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 8 dep components 732:741 arg1 components 732:741 Nectar sugar components 719:741 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) 719:889 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 11 9 theme species 1667:1673 arg1 composition 1643:1653 The nectar sugar composition 1626:1653 The nectar sugar composition of Camellia species 1626:1673 CONCLUSIONS The nectar sugar composition of Camellia species was characterized by sucrose dominance. 28298377 3 10 theme Camellia 520:527 arg1 petelotii 529:537 Camellia petelotii 520:537 Camellia petelotii 520:537 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii were identified at different times of day and under various weather conditions. 28298377 8 11 theme flowers 1162:1168 arg1 flowers 1162:1168 flowers 1162:1168 flowers with birds excluded 1162:1188 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded were reduced by 64%, indicating that bird pollination is significant. 28298377 8 11 theme flowers 1162:1168 arg1 set 1155:1157 The fruit and seed set 1136:1157 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded 1136:1188 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded were reduced by 64%, indicating that bird pollination is significant. 28298377 12 12 from reduction 1738:1746 arg1 set 1756:1758 seed set 1751:1758 seed set 1751:1758 In addition, the large reduction in seed set when birds are excluded in the golden-flowered tea also supports the suggestion that these winter-flowering plants may have evolved with birds as significant pollinators. 28298377 8 13 theme bird 1227:1230 arg1 pollination 1232:1242 bird pollination 1227:1242 bird pollination 1227:1242 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded were reduced by 64%, indicating that bird pollination is significant. 28298377 10 14 theme sugar 1485:1489 arg1 concentration 1491:1503 an average sugar concentration 1474:1503 an average sugar concentration of around 30% 1474:1517 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 11 15 theme sucrose 1696:1702 arg1 dominance 1704:1712 sucrose dominance 1696:1712 sucrose dominance 1696:1712 CONCLUSIONS The nectar sugar composition of Camellia species was characterized by sucrose dominance. 28298377 3 16 dep METHODS 487:493 arg1 pollinators 505:515 Potential pollinators 495:515 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii 487:537 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii were identified at different times of day and under various weather conditions. 28298377 5 17 dep species 834:840 arg1 all 871:873 all 871:873 all in cultivation 871:888 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 3 18 theme Potential 495:503 arg1 pollinators 505:515 Potential pollinators 495:515 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii 487:537 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii were identified at different times of day and under various weather conditions. 28298377 2 19 theme effective 449:457 arg1 pollinators 459:469 effective pollinators 449:469 effective pollinators 449:469 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 5 20 theme sugar 726:730 arg1 glucose 754:760 glucose 754:760 glucose 754:760 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 20 theme sugar 726:730 arg1 sucrose 767:773 sucrose 767:773 sucrose 767:773 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 20 theme sugar 726:730 arg1 fructose 744:751 fructose 744:751 fructose 744:751 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 20 theme sugar 726:730 arg1 components 732:741 Nectar sugar components 719:741 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) 719:889 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 3 21 theme day 577:579 arg1 times 568:572 different times 558:572 different times of day 558:579 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii were identified at different times of day and under various weather conditions. 28298377 1 22 theme STUDY 122:126 arg1 Properties 128:137 THE STUDY Properties 118:137 THE STUDY Properties of floral nectar 118:154 PREMISE OF THE STUDY Properties of floral nectar have been used to predict if a plant species is pollinated by birds. 28298377 6 23 theme KEY 955:957 arg1 RESULTS 959:965 KEY RESULTS 955:965 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 955:1066 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 2 24 theme visitors 437:444 arg1 role 422:425 the role 418:425 the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators 418:469 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 2 24 theme visitors 437:444 arg1 properties 331:340 nectar properties 324:340 nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea) 324:404 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 5 25 theme additional 849:858 arg1 cultivars 860:868 22 additional cultivars 846:868 22 additional cultivars 846:868 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 9 26 contain has 1359:1361 arg2 % 1392:1392 19% 1390:1392 19% 1390:1392 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 9 26 contain has 1359:1361 arg1 nectar 1352:1357 this nectar 1347:1357 this nectar 1347:1357 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 9 26 contain has 1359:1361 arg2 concentration 1375:1387 a low sugar concentration 1363:1387 a low sugar concentration (19%) 1363:1393 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 11 27 theme sugar 1637:1641 arg1 composition 1643:1653 The nectar sugar composition 1626:1653 The nectar sugar composition of Camellia species 1626:1673 CONCLUSIONS The nectar sugar composition of Camellia species was characterized by sucrose dominance. 28298377 0 28 theme tea 81:83 arg1 pollinators 46:56 pollinators 46:56 pollinators of the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii) 46:104 Nectar properties and the role of sunbirds as pollinators of the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii). 28298377 12 29 theme golden-flowered 1791:1805 arg1 tea 1807:1809 the golden-flowered tea 1787:1809 the golden-flowered tea 1787:1809 In addition, the large reduction in seed set when birds are excluded in the golden-flowered tea also supports the suggestion that these winter-flowering plants may have evolved with birds as significant pollinators. 28298377 5 30 theme high-performance 908:923 arg1 HPLC 948:951 HPLC 948:951 HPLC 948:951 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 30 theme high-performance 908:923 arg1 chromatography 932:945 high-performance liquid chromatography 908:945 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 908:952 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 0 31 theme Camellia 86:93 arg1 tea 81:83 the golden-flowered tea 61:83 the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii) 61:104 Nectar properties and the role of sunbirds as pollinators of the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii). 28298377 0 31 theme Camellia 86:93 arg1 petelotii 95:103 Camellia petelotii 86:103 Camellia petelotii 86:103 Nectar properties and the role of sunbirds as pollinators of the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii). 28298377 5 32 from all 871:873 arg1 cultivation 878:888 cultivation 878:888 cultivation 878:888 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 10 33 theme % 1517:1517 arg1 concentration 1491:1503 an average sugar concentration 1474:1503 an average sugar concentration of around 30% 1474:1517 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 10 33 theme % 1517:1517 arg1 concentration 1533:1545 a sucrose concentration 1523:1545 a sucrose concentration of 80% 1523:1552 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 0 34 theme Nectar 0:5 arg1 properties 7:16 Nectar properties 0:16 Nectar properties 0:16 Nectar properties and the role of sunbirds as pollinators of the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii). 28298377 9 35 theme wild 1268:1271 arg1 populations 1273:1283 the wild populations 1264:1283 the wild populations of C. petelotii 1264:1299 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 9 36 dep sucrose-dominant 1402:1417 arg1 % 1422:1422 87% 1420:1422 87% 1420:1422 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 9 37 theme petelotii 1291:1299 arg1 populations 1273:1283 the wild populations 1264:1283 the wild populations of C. petelotii 1264:1299 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 12 38 theme seed 1751:1754 arg1 set 1756:1758 seed set 1751:1758 seed set 1751:1758 In addition, the large reduction in seed set when birds are excluded in the golden-flowered tea also supports the suggestion that these winter-flowering plants may have evolved with birds as significant pollinators. 28298377 10 39 contain had 1470:1472 arg1 species 1445:1451 The eight Camellia species 1426:1451 The eight Camellia species 1426:1451 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 10 39 contain had 1470:1472 arg2 concentration 1533:1545 a sucrose concentration 1523:1545 a sucrose concentration of 80% 1523:1552 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 10 39 contain had 1470:1472 arg2 concentration 1491:1503 an average sugar concentration 1474:1503 an average sugar concentration of around 30% 1474:1517 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 10 39 contain had 1470:1472 arg1 cultivars 1460:1468 22 cultivars 1457:1468 22 cultivars 1457:1468 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 6 40 theme Aethopyga 979:987 arg1 honeybees 1002:1010 honeybees 1002:1010 honeybees 1002:1010 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 6 40 theme Aethopyga 979:987 arg1 siparaja 989:996 The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 967:996 The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 967:996 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 6 40 theme Aethopyga 979:987 arg1 visitors 1042:1049 the most frequent floral visitors 1017:1049 the most frequent floral visitors 1017:1049 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 3 41 theme weather 599:605 arg1 conditions 607:616 various weather conditions 591:616 various weather conditions 591:616 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii were identified at different times of day and under various weather conditions. 28298377 10 42 theme sucrose-dominant 1569:1584 arg1 nectar 1586:1591 sucrose-dominant nectar 1569:1591 sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species 1569:1611 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 0 43 theme sunbirds 34:41 arg1 properties 7:16 Nectar properties 0:16 Nectar properties 0:16 Nectar properties and the role of sunbirds as pollinators of the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii). 28298377 0 43 theme sunbirds 34:41 arg1 role 26:29 the role 22:29 the role of sunbirds as pollinators of the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii) 22:104 Nectar properties and the role of sunbirds as pollinators of the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii). 28298377 7 44 theme Honeybee 1068:1075 arg1 visits 1077:1082 Honeybee visits 1068:1082 Honeybee visits 1068:1082 Honeybee visits were significantly reduced in cloudy/rainy weather. 28298377 2 45 theme nectar 324:329 arg1 properties 331:340 nectar properties 324:340 nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea) 324:404 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 12 46 theme significant 1906:1916 arg1 pollinators 1918:1928 significant pollinators 1906:1928 significant pollinators 1906:1928 In addition, the large reduction in seed set when birds are excluded in the golden-flowered tea also supports the suggestion that these winter-flowering plants may have evolved with birds as significant pollinators. 28298377 6 47 theme floral 1035:1040 arg1 honeybees 1002:1010 honeybees 1002:1010 honeybees 1002:1010 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 6 47 theme floral 1035:1040 arg1 visitors 1042:1049 the most frequent floral visitors 1017:1049 the most frequent floral visitors 1017:1049 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 6 47 theme floral 1035:1040 arg1 siparaja 989:996 The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 967:996 The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 967:996 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 2 48 theme winter-flowering 240:255 arg1 plants 257:262 winter-flowering plants 240:262 winter-flowering plants 240:262 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 1 49 theme floral 142:147 arg1 nectar 149:154 floral nectar 142:154 floral nectar 142:154 PREMISE OF THE STUDY Properties of floral nectar have been used to predict if a plant species is pollinated by birds. 28298377 10 50 theme average 1477:1483 arg1 concentration 1491:1503 an average sugar concentration 1474:1503 an average sugar concentration of around 30% 1474:1517 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 3 51 theme petelotii 529:537 arg1 pollinators 505:515 Potential pollinators 495:515 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii 487:537 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii were identified at different times of day and under various weather conditions. 28298377 8 52 theme fruit 1140:1144 arg1 flowers 1162:1168 flowers 1162:1168 flowers with birds excluded 1162:1188 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded were reduced by 64%, indicating that bird pollination is significant. 28298377 8 52 theme fruit 1140:1144 arg1 set 1155:1157 The fruit and seed set 1136:1157 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded 1136:1188 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded were reduced by 64%, indicating that bird pollination is significant. 28298377 4 53 theme exclusion 626:634 arg1 experiment 636:645 A bird exclusion experiment 619:645 A bird exclusion experiment 619:645 A bird exclusion experiment was used to compare the pollination effectiveness of birds and insects. 28298377 9 54 theme sugar 1369:1373 arg1 concentration 1375:1387 a low sugar concentration 1363:1387 a low sugar concentration (19%) 1363:1393 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 9 54 theme sugar 1369:1373 arg1 % 1392:1392 19% 1390:1392 19% 1390:1392 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 8 55 theme seed 1150:1153 arg1 flowers 1162:1168 flowers 1162:1168 flowers with birds excluded 1162:1188 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded were reduced by 64%, indicating that bird pollination is significant. 28298377 8 55 theme seed 1150:1153 arg1 set 1155:1157 The fruit and seed set 1136:1157 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded 1136:1188 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded were reduced by 64%, indicating that bird pollination is significant. 28298377 11 56 dep CONCLUSIONS 1614:1624 arg1 characterized 1679:1691 characterized 1679:1691 was characterized by sucrose dominance 1675:1712 CONCLUSIONS The nectar sugar composition of Camellia species was characterized by sucrose dominance. 28298377 3 57 theme different 558:566 arg1 times 568:572 different times 558:572 different times of day 558:579 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii were identified at different times of day and under various weather conditions. 28298377 5 58 theme Camellia 825:832 arg1 species 834:840 another seven Camellia species 811:840 another seven Camellia species 811:840 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 1 59 used used 166:169 arg2 PREMISE 107:113 PREMISE 107:113 PREMISE OF THE STUDY Properties of floral nectar 107:154 PREMISE OF THE STUDY Properties of floral nectar have been used to predict if a plant species is pollinated by birds. 28298377 5 60 from petelotii 784:792 arg1 glucose 754:760 glucose 754:760 glucose 754:760 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 60 from petelotii 784:792 arg1 sucrose 767:773 sucrose 767:773 sucrose 767:773 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 60 from petelotii 784:792 arg1 fructose 744:751 fructose 744:751 fructose 744:751 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 60 from petelotii 784:792 arg1 components 732:741 Nectar sugar components 719:741 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) 719:889 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 6 61 theme sunbird 971:977 arg1 honeybees 1002:1010 honeybees 1002:1010 honeybees 1002:1010 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 6 61 theme sunbird 971:977 arg1 siparaja 989:996 The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 967:996 The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 967:996 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 6 61 theme sunbird 971:977 arg1 visitors 1042:1049 the most frequent floral visitors 1017:1049 the most frequent floral visitors 1017:1049 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 11 62 theme nectar 1630:1635 arg1 composition 1643:1653 The nectar sugar composition 1626:1653 The nectar sugar composition of Camellia species 1626:1673 CONCLUSIONS The nectar sugar composition of Camellia species was characterized by sucrose dominance. 28298377 5 63 theme Nectar 719:724 arg1 glucose 754:760 glucose 754:760 glucose 754:760 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 63 theme Nectar 719:724 arg1 sucrose 767:773 sucrose 767:773 sucrose 767:773 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 63 theme Nectar 719:724 arg1 fructose 744:751 fructose 744:751 fructose 744:751 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 63 theme Nectar 719:724 arg1 components 732:741 Nectar sugar components 719:741 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) 719:889 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 12 64 theme winter-flowering 1851:1866 arg1 plants 1868:1873 these winter-flowering plants 1845:1873 these winter-flowering plants 1845:1873 In addition, the large reduction in seed set when birds are excluded in the golden-flowered tea also supports the suggestion that these winter-flowering plants may have evolved with birds as significant pollinators. 28298377 8 65 with flowers 1162:1168 arg1 birds 1175:1179 birds 1175:1179 birds excluded 1175:1188 The fruit and seed set of flowers with birds excluded were reduced by 64%, indicating that bird pollination is significant. 28298377 0 66 theme golden-flowered 65:79 arg1 tea 81:83 the golden-flowered tea 61:83 the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii) 61:104 Nectar properties and the role of sunbirds as pollinators of the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii). 28298377 0 66 theme golden-flowered 65:79 arg1 petelotii 95:103 Camellia petelotii 86:103 Camellia petelotii 86:103 Nectar properties and the role of sunbirds as pollinators of the golden-flowered tea (Camellia petelotii). 28298377 1 67 theme Properties 128:137 arg1 PREMISE 107:113 PREMISE 107:113 PREMISE OF THE STUDY Properties of floral nectar 107:154 PREMISE OF THE STUDY Properties of floral nectar have been used to predict if a plant species is pollinated by birds. 28298377 2 68 theme floral 430:435 arg1 visitors 437:444 floral visitors 430:444 floral visitors 430:444 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 11 69 theme Camellia 1658:1665 arg1 species 1667:1673 Camellia species 1658:1673 Camellia species 1658:1673 CONCLUSIONS The nectar sugar composition of Camellia species was characterized by sucrose dominance. 28298377 6 70 dep RESULTS 959:965 arg1 honeybees 1002:1010 honeybees 1002:1010 honeybees 1002:1010 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 6 70 dep RESULTS 959:965 arg1 visitors 1042:1049 the most frequent floral visitors 1017:1049 the most frequent floral visitors 1017:1049 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 6 70 dep RESULTS 959:965 arg1 siparaja 989:996 The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 967:996 The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 967:996 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 5 71 theme liquid 925:930 arg1 HPLC 948:951 HPLC 948:951 HPLC 948:951 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 5 71 theme liquid 925:930 arg1 chromatography 932:945 high-performance liquid chromatography 908:945 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 908:952 Nectar sugar components (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) from C. petelotii growing wild and another seven Camellia species and 22 additional cultivars (all in cultivation) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 28298377 6 72 theme frequent 1026:1033 arg1 honeybees 1002:1010 honeybees 1002:1010 honeybees 1002:1010 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 6 72 theme frequent 1026:1033 arg1 visitors 1042:1049 the most frequent floral visitors 1017:1049 the most frequent floral visitors 1017:1049 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 6 72 theme frequent 1026:1033 arg1 siparaja 989:996 The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 967:996 The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 967:996 KEY RESULTS The sunbird Aethopyga siparaja and honeybees were the most frequent floral visitors to C. petelotii. 28298377 2 73 theme species 362:368 arg1 role 422:425 the role 418:425 the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators 418:469 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 2 73 theme species 362:368 arg1 properties 331:340 nectar properties 324:340 nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea) 324:404 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 4 74 theme birds 700:704 arg1 effectiveness 683:695 the pollination effectiveness 667:695 the pollination effectiveness of birds and insects 667:716 A bird exclusion experiment was used to compare the pollination effectiveness of birds and insects. 28298377 2 75 theme several 345:351 arg1 species 362:368 several Camellia species 345:368 several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea) 345:404 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 7 76 theme cloudy/rainy 1114:1125 arg1 weather 1127:1133 cloudy/rainy weather 1114:1133 cloudy/rainy weather 1114:1133 Honeybee visits were significantly reduced in cloudy/rainy weather. 28298377 4 77 used used 651:654 arg2 experiment 636:645 A bird exclusion experiment 619:645 A bird exclusion experiment 619:645 A bird exclusion experiment was used to compare the pollination effectiveness of birds and insects. 28298377 4 78 theme insects 710:716 arg1 effectiveness 683:695 the pollination effectiveness 667:695 the pollination effectiveness of birds and insects 667:716 A bird exclusion experiment was used to compare the pollination effectiveness of birds and insects. 28298377 2 79 theme golden-flowered 385:399 arg1 tea 401:403 the golden-flowered tea 381:403 the golden-flowered tea 381:403 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 3 80 theme various 591:597 arg1 conditions 607:616 various weather conditions 591:616 various weather conditions 591:616 METHODS Potential pollinators of Camellia petelotii were identified at different times of day and under various weather conditions. 28298377 10 81 theme sucrose 1525:1531 arg1 concentration 1533:1545 a sucrose concentration 1523:1545 a sucrose concentration of 80% 1523:1552 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 2 82 theme bird 306:309 arg1 pollinators 311:321 bird pollinators 306:321 bird pollinators 306:321 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 9 83 theme bagged 1304:1309 arg1 flower 1311:1316 a bagged flower 1302:1316 a bagged flower 1302:1316 For the wild populations of C. petelotii, a bagged flower could secrete 157 μL nectar; this nectar has a low sugar concentration (19%) and is sucrose-dominant (87%). 28298377 12 84 theme large 1732:1736 arg1 reduction 1738:1746 the large reduction 1728:1746 the large reduction in seed set when birds are excluded in the golden-flowered tea 1728:1809 In addition, the large reduction in seed set when birds are excluded in the golden-flowered tea also supports the suggestion that these winter-flowering plants may have evolved with birds as significant pollinators. 28298377 10 85 theme % 1552:1552 arg1 concentration 1491:1503 an average sugar concentration 1474:1503 an average sugar concentration of around 30% 1474:1517 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 10 85 theme % 1552:1552 arg1 concentration 1533:1545 a sucrose concentration 1523:1545 a sucrose concentration of 80% 1523:1552 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28298377 1 86 theme plant 187:191 arg1 species 193:199 a plant species 185:199 a plant species 185:199 PREMISE OF THE STUDY Properties of floral nectar have been used to predict if a plant species is pollinated by birds. 28298377 2 87 dep species 362:368 arg1 including 371:379 including 371:379 including the golden-flowered tea 371:403 To see whether winter-flowering plants evolve nectar properties corresponding to bird pollinators, nectar properties of several Camellia species (including the golden-flowered tea), as well as the role of floral visitors as effective pollinators, were examined. 28298377 10 88 theme Camellia 1596:1603 arg1 species 1605:1611 Camellia species 1596:1611 Camellia species 1596:1611 The eight Camellia species and 22 cultivars had an average sugar concentration of around 30% and a sucrose concentration of 80%, demonstrating sucrose-dominant nectar in Camellia species. 28257974 1 0 theme first 322:326 arg1 time 328:331 the first time 318:331 the first time 318:331 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 1 1 theme low-cost 150:157 arg1 system 173:178 a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system 126:178 a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay 126:191 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 3 2 theme sensing-charge 632:645 arg1 balance 647:653 BPE sensing-charge balance 628:653 BPE sensing-charge balance 628:653 This simple BPE-ECL device was applied to the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) respectively, according to the principle of BPE sensing-charge balance. 28257974 2 3 theme Graphite 334:341 arg1 paper 343:347 Graphite paper 334:347 Graphite paper 334:347 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 2 3 theme Graphite 334:341 arg1 BPE 365:367 BPE 365:367 BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use 365:475 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 1 4 theme BPE-ECL 257:263 arg1 platform 274:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform 204:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time 204:331 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 3 5 theme balance 647:653 arg1 principle 615:623 the principle 611:623 the principle of BPE sensing-charge balance 611:653 This simple BPE-ECL device was applied to the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) respectively, according to the principle of BPE sensing-charge balance. 28257974 9 6 theme clinical 1516:1523 arg1 bioassay 1525:1532 clinical bioassay 1516:1532 clinical bioassay 1516:1532 The developed method opened a new avenue to clinical bioassay. 28257974 5 7 theme detection 894:902 arg1 limit 904:908 a low detection limit 888:908 a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination 888:948 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 7 8 theme 0.01-60ngmL-1 1310:1322 arg1 range 1301:1305 a wide linear range 1287:1305 a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL-1 1287:1322 Under the optimal conditions, the BPE-ECL immunodevice showed a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL-1 with a detection limit of 5.0pgmL-1 for CEA. 28257974 9 9 theme new 1502:1504 arg1 avenue 1506:1511 a new avenue 1500:1511 a new avenue to clinical bioassay 1500:1532 The developed method opened a new avenue to clinical bioassay. 28257974 1 10 theme sensing 266:272 arg1 platform 274:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform 204:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time 204:331 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 5 11 theme linear 856:861 arg1 range 863:867 a wide linear range 849:867 a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM 849:881 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 5 11 theme linear 856:861 arg1 result 811:816 a result 809:816 a result 809:816 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 6 12 theme CEA 976:978 arg1 determination 959:971 the determination 955:971 the determination of CEA 955:978 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 5 13 theme 0.5µM 913:917 arg1 limit 904:908 a low detection limit 888:908 a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination 888:948 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 1 14 theme sensitive 163:171 arg1 system 173:178 a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system 126:178 a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay 126:191 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 5 15 theme wide 851:854 arg1 range 863:867 a wide linear range 849:867 a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM 849:881 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 5 15 theme wide 851:854 arg1 result 811:816 a result 809:816 a result 809:816 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 7 16 theme detection 1331:1339 arg1 limit 1341:1345 a detection limit 1329:1345 a detection limit of 5.0pgmL-1 for CEA 1329:1366 Under the optimal conditions, the BPE-ECL immunodevice showed a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL-1 with a detection limit of 5.0pgmL-1 for CEA. 28257974 1 17 theme system 173:178 arg1 construction 110:121 the construction 106:121 the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay 106:191 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 6 18 theme secondary 1167:1175 arg1 antibody 1177:1184 secondary antibody 1167:1184 secondary antibody (Ab2) 1167:1190 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 6 18 theme secondary 1167:1175 arg1 Ab2 1187:1189 Ab2 1187:1189 Ab2 1187:1189 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 6 19 theme primary 1097:1103 arg1 Ab1 1115:1117 Ab1 1115:1117 Ab1 1115:1117 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 6 19 theme primary 1097:1103 arg1 antibody 1105:1112 primary antibody 1097:1112 primary antibody (Ab1) 1097:1118 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 8 20 theme excellent 1426:1434 arg1 stability 1436:1444 excellent stability 1426:1444 excellent stability 1426:1444 Furthermore, it also displayed satisfactory selectivity, excellent stability and good reproducibility. 28257974 6 21 theme carbon 1003:1008 arg1 CS-MWCNTs 1021:1029 CS-MWCNTs 1021:1029 CS-MWCNTs 1021:1029 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 6 21 theme carbon 1003:1008 arg1 nanotubes 1010:1018 chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes 981:1018 chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) 981:1030 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 2 22 theme electrical 416:425 arg1 conductivity 427:438 excellent electrical conductivity 406:438 excellent electrical conductivity 406:438 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 3 23 theme oxidant 549:555 arg1 analysis 537:544 the quantitative analysis 520:544 the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) 520:582 This simple BPE-ECL device was applied to the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) respectively, according to the principle of BPE sensing-charge balance. 28257974 5 24 theme BPE-ECL 824:830 arg1 device 832:837 this BPE-ECL device 819:837 this BPE-ECL device 819:837 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 0 25 theme electrode 29:37 arg1 platform 72:79 bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform 21:79 bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform 21:79 Graphite paper-based bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform. 28257974 4 26 theme Pt 679:680 arg1 NPs 682:684 Pt NPs 679:684 Pt NPs 679:684 For the H2O2 analysis, Pt NPs were electrodeposited onto the cathode through a bipolar electrodeposition approach to promote the sensing performance. 28257974 3 27 theme quantitative 524:535 arg1 analysis 537:544 the quantitative analysis 520:544 the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) 520:582 This simple BPE-ECL device was applied to the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) respectively, according to the principle of BPE sensing-charge balance. 28257974 0 28 theme bipolar 21:27 arg1 platform 72:79 bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform 21:79 bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform 21:79 Graphite paper-based bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform. 28257974 3 29 theme simple 483:488 arg1 device 498:503 This simple BPE-ECL device 478:503 This simple BPE-ECL device 478:503 This simple BPE-ECL device was applied to the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) respectively, according to the principle of BPE sensing-charge balance. 28257974 3 30 theme BPE-ECL 490:496 arg1 device 498:503 This simple BPE-ECL device 478:503 This simple BPE-ECL device 478:503 This simple BPE-ECL device was applied to the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) respectively, according to the principle of BPE sensing-charge balance. 28257974 0 31 theme sensing 64:70 arg1 platform 72:79 bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform 21:79 bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform 21:79 Graphite paper-based bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform. 28257974 1 32 theme graphite 292:299 arg1 paper 301:305 graphite paper 292:305 graphite paper 292:305 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 7 33 theme wide 1289:1292 arg1 range 1301:1305 a wide linear range 1287:1305 a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL-1 1287:1322 Under the optimal conditions, the BPE-ECL immunodevice showed a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL-1 with a detection limit of 5.0pgmL-1 for CEA. 28257974 6 34 theme chitosan-multi-walled 981:1001 arg1 CS-MWCNTs 1021:1029 CS-MWCNTs 1021:1029 CS-MWCNTs 1021:1029 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 6 34 theme chitosan-multi-walled 981:1001 arg1 nanotubes 1010:1018 chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes 981:1018 chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) 981:1030 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 2 35 theme unique 380:385 arg1 composition 449:459 uniform composition 441:459 uniform composition 441:459 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 2 35 theme unique 380:385 arg1 ease 465:468 ease 465:468 ease 465:468 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 2 35 theme unique 380:385 arg1 conductivity 427:438 excellent electrical conductivity 406:438 excellent electrical conductivity 406:438 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 2 35 theme unique 380:385 arg1 properties 387:396 its unique properties 376:396 its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use 376:475 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 0 36 theme electrochemiluminescence 39:62 arg1 platform 72:79 bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform 21:79 bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform 21:79 Graphite paper-based bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform. 28257974 7 37 theme optimal 1235:1241 arg1 conditions 1243:1252 the optimal conditions 1231:1252 the optimal conditions 1231:1252 Under the optimal conditions, the BPE-ECL immunodevice showed a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL-1 with a detection limit of 5.0pgmL-1 for CEA. 28257974 2 38 theme excellent 406:414 arg1 conductivity 427:438 excellent electrical conductivity 406:438 excellent electrical conductivity 406:438 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 2 39 theme uniform 441:447 arg1 composition 449:459 uniform composition 441:459 uniform composition 441:459 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 4 40 theme sensing 785:791 arg1 performance 793:803 the sensing performance 781:803 the sensing performance 781:803 For the H2O2 analysis, Pt NPs were electrodeposited onto the cathode through a bipolar electrodeposition approach to promote the sensing performance. 28257974 7 41 theme 5.0pgmL-1 1350:1358 arg1 limit 1341:1345 a detection limit 1329:1345 a detection limit of 5.0pgmL-1 for CEA 1329:1366 Under the optimal conditions, the BPE-ECL immunodevice showed a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL-1 with a detection limit of 5.0pgmL-1 for CEA. 28257974 4 42 theme H2O2 664:667 arg1 analysis 669:676 the H2O2 analysis 660:676 the H2O2 analysis 660:676 For the H2O2 analysis, Pt NPs were electrodeposited onto the cathode through a bipolar electrodeposition approach to promote the sensing performance. 28257974 8 43 theme good 1450:1453 arg1 reproducibility 1455:1469 good reproducibility 1450:1469 good reproducibility 1450:1469 Furthermore, it also displayed satisfactory selectivity, excellent stability and good reproducibility. 28257974 8 44 theme satisfactory 1400:1411 arg1 selectivity 1413:1423 satisfactory selectivity 1400:1423 satisfactory selectivity 1400:1423 Furthermore, it also displayed satisfactory selectivity, excellent stability and good reproducibility. 28257974 6 45 theme Pt 1128:1129 arg1 nanostructures 1131:1144 Au@Pt nanostructures 1125:1144 Au@Pt nanostructures 1125:1144 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 6 45 theme Pt 1128:1129 arg1 catalysts 1195:1203 catalysts 1195:1203 catalysts for H2O2 reduction 1195:1222 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 5 46 theme H2O2 931:934 arg1 determination 936:948 H2O2 determination 931:948 H2O2 determination 931:948 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 6 47 theme H2O2 1209:1212 arg1 reduction 1214:1222 H2O2 reduction 1209:1222 H2O2 reduction 1209:1222 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 3 48 theme BPE 628:630 arg1 balance 647:653 BPE sensing-charge balance 628:653 BPE sensing-charge balance 628:653 This simple BPE-ECL device was applied to the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) respectively, according to the principle of BPE sensing-charge balance. 28257974 4 49 theme bipolar 735:741 arg1 approach 761:768 a bipolar electrodeposition approach 733:768 a bipolar electrodeposition approach to promote the sensing performance 733:803 For the H2O2 analysis, Pt NPs were electrodeposited onto the cathode through a bipolar electrodeposition approach to promote the sensing performance. 28257974 7 50 theme linear 1294:1299 arg1 range 1301:1305 a wide linear range 1287:1305 a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL-1 1287:1322 Under the optimal conditions, the BPE-ECL immunodevice showed a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL-1 with a detection limit of 5.0pgmL-1 for CEA. 28257974 1 51 theme disposable 128:137 arg1 system 173:178 a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system 126:178 a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay 126:191 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 5 52 theme low 890:892 arg1 limit 904:908 a low detection limit 888:908 a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination 888:948 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 1 53 theme closed 206:211 arg1 platform 274:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform 204:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time 204:331 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 9 54 theme developed 1476:1484 arg1 method 1486:1491 The developed method 1472:1491 The developed method 1472:1491 The developed method opened a new avenue to clinical bioassay. 28257974 6 55 theme Au 1125:1126 arg1 nanostructures 1131:1144 Au@Pt nanostructures 1125:1144 Au@Pt nanostructures 1125:1144 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 6 55 theme Au 1125:1126 arg1 catalysts 1195:1203 catalysts 1195:1203 catalysts for H2O2 reduction 1195:1222 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 5 56 theme 0.001-15mM 872:881 arg1 range 863:867 a wide linear range 849:867 a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM 849:881 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 5 56 theme 0.001-15mM 872:881 arg1 result 811:816 a result 809:816 a result 809:816 As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H2O2 determination. 28257974 6 57 theme hydrophilic 1058:1068 arg1 interface 1070:1078 a hydrophilic interface 1056:1078 a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1) 1056:1118 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 1 58 theme bipolar 213:219 arg1 platform 274:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform 204:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time 204:331 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 3 59 theme biomarker 568:576 arg1 analysis 537:544 the quantitative analysis 520:544 the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) 520:582 This simple BPE-ECL device was applied to the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H2O2) and biomarker (CEA) respectively, according to the principle of BPE sensing-charge balance. 28257974 1 60 theme wireless 140:147 arg1 system 173:178 a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system 126:178 a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay 126:191 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 2 61 theme due 369:371 arg1 paper 343:347 Graphite paper 334:347 Graphite paper 334:347 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 2 61 theme due 369:371 arg1 BPE 365:367 BPE 365:367 BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use 365:475 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 1 62 theme electrode 221:229 arg1 platform 274:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform 204:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time 204:331 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 28257974 2 63 theme use 473:475 arg1 ease 465:468 ease 465:468 ease 465:468 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 2 63 theme use 473:475 arg1 conductivity 427:438 excellent electrical conductivity 406:438 excellent electrical conductivity 406:438 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 2 63 theme use 473:475 arg1 composition 449:459 uniform composition 441:459 uniform composition 441:459 Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. 28257974 7 64 theme BPE-ECL 1259:1265 arg1 immunodevice 1267:1278 the BPE-ECL immunodevice 1255:1278 the BPE-ECL immunodevice 1255:1278 Under the optimal conditions, the BPE-ECL immunodevice showed a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL-1 with a detection limit of 5.0pgmL-1 for CEA. 28257974 4 65 theme electrodeposition 743:759 arg1 approach 761:768 a bipolar electrodeposition approach 733:768 a bipolar electrodeposition approach to promote the sensing performance 733:803 For the H2O2 analysis, Pt NPs were electrodeposited onto the cathode through a bipolar electrodeposition approach to promote the sensing performance. 28257974 6 66 theme @ 1127:1127 arg1 nanostructures 1131:1144 Au@Pt nanostructures 1125:1144 Au@Pt nanostructures 1125:1144 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 6 66 theme @ 1127:1127 arg1 catalysts 1195:1203 catalysts 1195:1203 catalysts for H2O2 reduction 1195:1222 For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab1); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab2) as catalysts for H2O2 reduction. 28257974 1 67 theme electrochemiluminescence 231:254 arg1 platform 274:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform 204:281 a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time 204:331 In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. 26757723 2 0 theme strain 110:115 arg1 T 125:125 T 125:125 T 125:125 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 2 0 theme strain 110:115 arg1 THG-SL1 117:123 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1 92:123 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) 92:126 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 5 1 theme genus 580:584 arg1 Microbacterium 586:599 the genus Microbacterium 576:599 the genus Microbacterium 576:599 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 2 2 theme bacterial 100:108 arg1 T 125:125 T 125:125 T 125:125 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 2 2 theme bacterial 100:108 arg1 THG-SL1 117:123 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1 92:123 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) 92:126 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 8 3 theme unidentified 838:849 arg1 GL 863:864 GL 863:864 GL 863:864 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL). 26757723 8 3 theme unidentified 838:849 arg1 glycolipid 851:860 an unidentified glycolipid 835:860 an unidentified glycolipid (GL) 835:865 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL). 26757723 5 4 theme strain 547:552 arg1 THG-SL1 554:560 strain THG-SL1 547:560 strain THG-SL1(T) 547:563 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 5 4 theme strain 547:552 arg1 T 562:562 T 562:562 T 562:562 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 11 5 theme novel 1104:1108 arg1 species 1110:1116 a novel species 1102:1116 a novel species 1102:1116 Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain THG-SL1(T) represented a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 7 6 theme major 659:663 arg1 acids 671:675 The major fatty acids 655:675 The major fatty acids 655:675 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 (39.7 %), anteiso-C17: 0 (24.4 %) and iso-C16: 0 (18.5 %). 26757723 7 6 theme major 659:663 arg1 0 695:695 0 695:695 0 695:695 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 (39.7 %), anteiso-C17: 0 (24.4 %) and iso-C16: 0 (18.5 %). 26757723 2 7 theme novel 94:98 arg1 T 125:125 T 125:125 T 125:125 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 2 7 theme novel 94:98 arg1 THG-SL1 117:123 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1 92:123 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) 92:126 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 5 8 theme 16S 409:411 arg1 analysis 432:439 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 409:439 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 409:439 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 10 9 from acid 968:971 arg1 peptidoglycan 990:1002 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 976:1002 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 976:1002 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine. 26757723 6 10 theme G + C 610:614 arg1 content 616:622 The DNA G + C content 602:622 The DNA G + C content of the isolate 602:637 The DNA G + C content of the isolate was 68.9 mol %. 26757723 6 10 theme G + C 610:614 arg1 % 652:652 68.9 mol % 643:652 68.9 mol % 643:652 The DNA G + C content of the isolate was 68.9 mol %. 26757723 9 11 theme respiratory 884:894 arg1 quinones 907:914 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones 868:914 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones 868:914 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-11 and menaquinone-12. 26757723 9 11 theme respiratory 884:894 arg1 menaquinone-11 921:934 menaquinone-11 921:934 menaquinone-11 921:934 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-11 and menaquinone-12. 26757723 1 12 theme Cucurbita 57:65 arg1 maxima 67:72 Cucurbita maxima 57:72 Cucurbita maxima cultivating soil 57:89 nov., a bacterium isolated from Cucurbita maxima cultivating soil. 26757723 9 13 theme isoprenoid 896:905 arg1 quinones 907:914 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones 868:914 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones 868:914 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-11 and menaquinone-12. 26757723 9 13 theme isoprenoid 896:905 arg1 menaquinone-11 921:934 menaquinone-11 921:934 menaquinone-11 921:934 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-11 and menaquinone-12. 26757723 11 14 theme name 1165:1168 arg1 sp 1191:1192 the name Microbacterium horti sp 1161:1192 the name Microbacterium horti sp 1161:1192 Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain THG-SL1(T) represented a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 5 15 theme Microbacterium 479:492 arg1 KCTC 507:510 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189 479:516 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %) 479:528 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 5 15 theme Microbacterium 479:492 arg1 T 518:518 T 518:518 T 518:518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 5 15 theme Microbacterium 479:492 arg1 % 527:527 96.6 % 522:527 96.6 % 522:527 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 0 16 theme horti 15:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Microbacterium horti sp 0:22 Microbacterium horti sp. 0:23 Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 5 17 theme ginsengisoli 494:505 arg1 KCTC 507:510 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189 479:516 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %) 479:528 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 5 17 theme ginsengisoli 494:505 arg1 T 518:518 T 518:518 T 518:518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 5 17 theme ginsengisoli 494:505 arg1 % 527:527 96.6 % 522:527 96.6 % 522:527 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 0 18 theme Microbacterium 0:13 arg1 sp 21:22 Microbacterium horti sp 0:22 Microbacterium horti sp. 0:23 Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 11 19 theme genus 1129:1133 arg1 Microbacterium 1135:1148 the genus Microbacterium 1125:1148 the genus Microbacterium 1125:1148 Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain THG-SL1(T) represented a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 11 20 theme polyphasic 1043:1052 arg1 characterization 1054:1069 polyphasic characterization 1043:1069 polyphasic characterization 1043:1069 Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain THG-SL1(T) represented a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 13 21 theme type 1217:1220 arg1 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)) 1232:1278 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 21 theme type 1217:1220 arg1 strain 1222:1227 The type strain 1213:1227 The type strain 1213:1227 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 11 22 theme strain 1072:1077 arg1 T 1087:1087 T 1087:1087 T 1087:1087 Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain THG-SL1(T) represented a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 11 22 theme strain 1072:1077 arg1 THG-SL1 1079:1085 strain THG-SL1 1072:1085 strain THG-SL1(T) 1072:1088 Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain THG-SL1(T) represented a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 13 23 theme T 1256:1256 arg1 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)) 1232:1278 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 23 theme T 1256:1256 arg1 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 23 theme T 1256:1256 arg1 2015117 1268:1274 =KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117 1244:1274 =KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T) 1244:1277 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 10 24 theme diamino 960:966 arg1 acid 968:971 The diamino acid 956:971 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 956:1002 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine. 26757723 10 24 theme diamino 960:966 arg1 ornithine 1008:1016 ornithine 1008:1016 ornithine 1008:1016 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine. 26757723 2 25 theme soil 148:151 arg1 sample 153:158 a soil sample 146:158 a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden 146:185 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 6 26 theme DNA 606:608 arg1 content 616:622 The DNA G + C content 602:622 The DNA G + C content of the isolate 602:637 The DNA G + C content of the isolate was 68.9 mol %. 26757723 6 26 theme DNA 606:608 arg1 % 652:652 68.9 mol % 643:652 68.9 mol % 643:652 The DNA G + C content of the isolate was 68.9 mol %. 26757723 4 27 dep aerobic 318:324 arg1 aerobic 318:324 aerobic 318:324 aerobic 318:324 The strain was aerobic, catalase positive and weakly positive for oxidase. 26757723 4 27 dep aerobic 318:324 arg1 positive 336:343 positive 336:343 positive 336:343 The strain was aerobic, catalase positive and weakly positive for oxidase. 26757723 4 27 dep aerobic 318:324 arg1 positive 356:363 positive 356:363 positive 356:363 The strain was aerobic, catalase positive and weakly positive for oxidase. 26757723 4 27 dep aerobic 318:324 arg1 strain 307:312 The strain 303:312 The strain 303:312 The strain was aerobic, catalase positive and weakly positive for oxidase. 26757723 11 28 theme characterization 1054:1069 arg1 results 1032:1038 the results 1028:1038 the results of polyphasic characterization 1028:1069 Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain THG-SL1(T) represented a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 13 29 theme =CCTCC 1258:1263 arg1 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)) 1232:1278 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 29 theme =CCTCC 1258:1263 arg1 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 29 theme =CCTCC 1258:1263 arg1 2015117 1268:1274 =KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117 1244:1274 =KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T) 1244:1277 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 5 30 theme highest 455:461 arg1 similarity 463:472 highest similarity 455:472 highest similarity 455:472 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 2 31 attach isolated 132:139 arg2 T 125:125 T 125:125 T 125:125 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 2 31 attach isolated 132:139 arg2 THG-SL1 117:123 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1 92:123 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) 92:126 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 2 31 attach isolated 132:139 arg1 sample 153:158 a soil sample 146:158 a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden 146:185 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 8 32 theme polar 766:770 arg1 lipids 772:777 The major polar lipids 756:777 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) 756:798 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL). 26757723 8 32 theme polar 766:770 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 805:824 phosphatidylglycerol 805:824 phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 805:829 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL). 26757723 13 33 theme AB 1265:1266 arg1 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)) 1232:1278 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 33 theme AB 1265:1266 arg1 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 33 theme AB 1265:1266 arg1 2015117 1268:1274 =KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117 1244:1274 =KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T) 1244:1277 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 11 34 theme Microbacterium 1170:1183 arg1 sp 1191:1192 the name Microbacterium horti sp 1161:1192 the name Microbacterium horti sp 1161:1192 Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain THG-SL1(T) represented a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 8 35 theme major 760:764 arg1 lipids 772:777 The major polar lipids 756:777 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) 756:798 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL). 26757723 8 35 theme major 760:764 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 805:824 phosphatidylglycerol 805:824 phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 805:829 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL). 26757723 11 36 theme horti 1185:1189 arg1 sp 1191:1192 the name Microbacterium horti sp 1161:1192 the name Microbacterium horti sp 1161:1192 Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain THG-SL1(T) represented a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium horti sp. 26757723 10 37 theme cell-wall 980:988 arg1 peptidoglycan 990:1002 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 976:1002 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 976:1002 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine. 26757723 2 38 theme maxima 173:178 arg1 garden 180:185 Cucurbita maxima garden 163:185 Cucurbita maxima garden 163:185 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 2 39 theme garden 180:185 arg1 sample 153:158 a soil sample 146:158 a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden 146:185 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 13 40 theme =KACC 1244:1248 arg1 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)) 1232:1278 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 40 theme =KACC 1244:1248 arg1 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 40 theme =KACC 1244:1248 arg1 2015117 1268:1274 =KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117 1244:1274 =KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T) 1244:1277 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 5 41 theme rRNA 413:416 arg1 analysis 432:439 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 409:439 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 409:439 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 2 42 theme Cucurbita 163:171 arg1 garden 180:185 Cucurbita maxima garden 163:185 Cucurbita maxima garden 163:185 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 2 43 theme polyphasic 220:229 arg1 approach 231:238 a polyphasic approach 218:238 a polyphasic approach 218:238 A novel bacterial strain THG-SL1(T) was isolated from a soil sample of Cucurbita maxima garden and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 26757723 13 44 theme 18286 1250:1254 arg1 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1 1232:1238 THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)) 1232:1278 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 44 theme 18286 1250:1254 arg1 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 13 44 theme 18286 1250:1254 arg1 2015117 1268:1274 =KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117 1244:1274 =KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T) 1244:1277 The type strain is THG-SL1(T) (=KACC 18286(T)=CCTCC AB 2015117(T)). 26757723 5 45 theme gene 418:421 arg1 analysis 432:439 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 409:439 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 409:439 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 8 46 theme THG-SL1 789:795 arg1 lipids 772:777 The major polar lipids 756:777 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) 756:798 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL). 26757723 8 46 theme THG-SL1 789:795 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 805:824 phosphatidylglycerol 805:824 phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 805:829 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL). 26757723 5 47 theme sequence 423:430 arg1 analysis 432:439 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 409:439 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 409:439 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 26757723 6 48 theme isolate 631:637 arg1 content 616:622 The DNA G + C content 602:622 The DNA G + C content of the isolate 602:637 The DNA G + C content of the isolate was 68.9 mol %. 26757723 6 48 theme isolate 631:637 arg1 % 652:652 68.9 mol % 643:652 68.9 mol % 643:652 The DNA G + C content of the isolate was 68.9 mol %. 26757723 9 49 theme predominant 872:882 arg1 quinones 907:914 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones 868:914 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones 868:914 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-11 and menaquinone-12. 26757723 9 49 theme predominant 872:882 arg1 menaquinone-11 921:934 menaquinone-11 921:934 menaquinone-11 921:934 The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-11 and menaquinone-12. 26757723 8 50 theme strain 782:787 arg1 THG-SL1 789:795 strain THG-SL1 782:795 strain THG-SL1(T) 782:798 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL). 26757723 8 50 theme strain 782:787 arg1 T 797:797 T 797:797 T 797:797 The major polar lipids of strain THG-SL1(T) were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL). 26757723 7 51 theme fatty 665:669 arg1 acids 671:675 The major fatty acids 655:675 The major fatty acids 655:675 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 (39.7 %), anteiso-C17: 0 (24.4 %) and iso-C16: 0 (18.5 %). 26757723 7 51 theme fatty 665:669 arg1 0 695:695 0 695:695 0 695:695 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 (39.7 %), anteiso-C17: 0 (24.4 %) and iso-C16: 0 (18.5 %). 26757723 5 52 theme Phylogenetic 378:389 arg1 analysis 391:398 Phylogenetic analysis 378:398 Phylogenetic analysis 378:398 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis but it shared highest similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (96.6 %), indicating that strain THG-SL1(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium. 25866197 0 0 theme starch 82:87 arg1 digestibility 89:101 starch digestibility 82:101 starch digestibility 82:101 Gluten-free snacks using plantain-chickpea and maize blend: chemical composition, starch digestibility, and predicted glycemic index. 25866197 7 1 theme dietary 1120:1126 arg1 content 1134:1140 high dietary fiber content 1115:1140 high dietary fiber content 1115:1140 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 7 2 theme celiac 1348:1353 arg1 community 1355:1363 celiac community 1348:1363 celiac community 1348:1363 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 1 3 theme celiac 149:154 arg1 consumers 156:164 celiac consumers 149:164 celiac consumers 149:164 An increase in celiac consumers has caused an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value. 25866197 7 4 from problems 1309:1316 arg1 population 1333:1342 the general population 1321:1342 the general population 1321:1342 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 7 4 from problems 1309:1316 arg1 community 1355:1363 celiac community 1348:1363 celiac community 1348:1363 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 7 5 theme fiber 1128:1132 arg1 content 1134:1140 high dietary fiber content 1115:1140 high dietary fiber content 1115:1140 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 3 6 theme chickpea 491:498 arg1 deep-frying 459:469 deep-frying 459:469 deep-frying 459:469 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 6 theme chickpea 491:498 arg1 Extrusion 445:453 Extrusion 445:453 Extrusion 445:453 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 1 7 theme high 255:258 arg1 value 272:276 high nutritional value 255:276 high nutritional value 255:276 An increase in celiac consumers has caused an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value. 25866197 6 8 theme gluten-free 992:1002 arg1 snacks 1004:1009 the gluten-free snacks 988:1009 the gluten-free snacks 988:1009 The overall acceptability of the gluten-free snacks was similar to that chili-flavored commercial snack. 25866197 7 9 theme gluten-free 1217:1227 arg1 snacks 1229:1234 these gluten-free snacks 1211:1234 these gluten-free snacks 1211:1234 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 3 10 theme blends 518:523 arg1 deep-frying 459:469 deep-frying 459:469 deep-frying 459:469 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 10 theme blends 518:523 arg1 Extrusion 445:453 Extrusion 445:453 Extrusion 445:453 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 7 11 theme excess 1283:1288 arg1 weight 1290:1295 excess weight 1283:1295 excess weight 1283:1295 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 1 12 theme nutritional 260:270 arg1 value 272:276 high nutritional value 255:276 high nutritional value 255:276 An increase in celiac consumers has caused an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value. 25866197 7 13 theme high 1115:1118 arg1 content 1134:1140 high dietary fiber content 1115:1140 high dietary fiber content 1115:1140 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 1 14 from increase 137:144 arg1 consumers 156:164 celiac consumers 149:164 celiac consumers 149:164 An increase in celiac consumers has caused an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value. 25866197 5 15 theme higher 831:836 arg1 starch 856:861 starch 856:861 higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) 831:885 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 5 15 theme higher 831:836 arg1 g 884:884 11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g 864:884 11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g 864:884 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 0 16 theme predicted 108:116 arg1 index 127:131 predicted glycemic index 108:131 predicted glycemic index 108:131 Gluten-free snacks using plantain-chickpea and maize blend: chemical composition, starch digestibility, and predicted glycemic index. 25866197 5 17 theme digestible 845:854 arg1 starch 856:861 starch 856:861 higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) 831:885 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 5 17 theme digestible 845:854 arg1 g 884:884 11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g 864:884 11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g 864:884 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 2 18 theme Snack 279:283 arg1 foods 285:289 Snack foods 279:289 Snack foods 279:289 Snack foods are consumed worldwide and have become a normal part of the eating habits of the celiac population making them a target to improve their nutritive value. 25866197 6 19 theme overall 963:969 arg1 acceptability 971:983 The overall acceptability 959:983 The overall acceptability of the gluten-free snacks 959:1009 The overall acceptability of the gluten-free snacks was similar to that chili-flavored commercial snack. 25866197 6 19 theme overall 963:969 arg1 similar 1015:1021 similar 1015:1021 similar 1015:1021 The overall acceptability of the gluten-free snacks was similar to that chili-flavored commercial snack. 25866197 2 20 theme population 379:388 arg1 habits 358:363 the eating habits 347:363 the eating habits of the celiac population 347:388 Snack foods are consumed worldwide and have become a normal part of the eating habits of the celiac population making them a target to improve their nutritive value. 25866197 7 21 theme general 1325:1331 arg1 population 1333:1342 the general population 1321:1342 the general population 1321:1342 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 7 22 theme predicted 1150:1158 arg1 index 1169:1173 low predicted glycemic index 1146:1173 low predicted glycemic index 1146:1173 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 3 23 theme flours 511:516 arg1 blends 518:523 maize flours blends 505:523 maize flours blends 505:523 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 2 24 theme celiac 372:377 arg1 population 379:388 the celiac population 368:388 the celiac population 368:388 Snack foods are consumed worldwide and have become a normal part of the eating habits of the celiac population making them a target to improve their nutritive value. 25866197 2 25 theme nutritive 428:436 arg1 value 438:442 their nutritive value 422:442 their nutritive value 422:442 Snack foods are consumed worldwide and have become a normal part of the eating habits of the celiac population making them a target to improve their nutritive value. 25866197 7 26 theme weight 1290:1295 arg1 problems 1309:1316 excess weight and obesity problems 1283:1316 excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community 1283:1363 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 3 27 theme maize 505:509 arg1 blends 518:523 maize flours blends 505:523 maize flours blends 505:523 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 5 28 theme unripe 802:807 arg1 flour 818:822 the highest unripe plantain flour 790:822 the highest unripe plantain flour 790:822 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 0 29 theme Gluten-free 0:10 arg1 snacks 12:17 Gluten-free snacks 0:17 Gluten-free snacks using plantain-chickpea and maize blend 0:57 Gluten-free snacks using plantain-chickpea and maize blend: chemical composition, starch digestibility, and predicted glycemic index. 25866197 3 30 dep 35 646:647 arg1 to 643:644 to 643:644 to 643:644 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 31 theme high 558:561 arg1 contents 577:584 high dietary fiber contents 558:584 high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) 558:604 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 31 theme high 558:561 arg1 g 603:603 13.7-18.2 g/100 g 587:603 13.7-18.2 g/100 g 587:603 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 1 32 theme increasing 180:189 arg1 interest 191:198 an increasing interest 177:198 an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value 177:276 An increase in celiac consumers has caused an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value. 25866197 5 33 with snack 779:783 arg1 flour 818:822 the highest unripe plantain flour 790:822 the highest unripe plantain flour 790:822 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 4 34 theme commercial 756:765 arg1 snacks 767:772 similar commercial snacks 748:772 similar commercial snacks 748:772 The gluten-free snacks presented lower fat content (12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g) than those reported in similar commercial snacks. 25866197 0 35 dep composition 69:79 arg1 snacks 12:17 Gluten-free snacks 0:17 Gluten-free snacks using plantain-chickpea and maize blend 0:57 Gluten-free snacks using plantain-chickpea and maize blend: chemical composition, starch digestibility, and predicted glycemic index. 25866197 5 36 theme flour 934:938 arg1 level 940:944 the highest chickpea flour level 913:944 the highest chickpea flour level 913:944 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 7 37 theme flours 1199:1204 arg1 blend 1184:1188 the blend 1180:1188 the blend of the 3 flours 1180:1204 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 4 38 theme fat 690:692 arg1 content 694:700 lower fat content 684:700 lower fat content (12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g) 684:723 The gluten-free snacks presented lower fat content (12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g) than those reported in similar commercial snacks. 25866197 4 38 theme fat 690:692 arg1 g 722:722 12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g 703:722 12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g 703:722 The gluten-free snacks presented lower fat content (12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g) than those reported in similar commercial snacks. 25866197 0 39 theme glycemic 118:125 arg1 index 127:131 predicted glycemic index 108:131 predicted glycemic index 108:131 Gluten-free snacks using plantain-chickpea and maize blend: chemical composition, starch digestibility, and predicted glycemic index. 25866197 3 40 theme predicted 614:622 arg1 35 646:647 35 646:647 35 646:647 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 40 theme predicted 614:622 arg1 index 633:637 low predicted glycemic index 610:637 low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35) 610:648 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 6 41 theme commercial 1046:1055 arg1 snack 1057:1061 that chili-flavored commercial snack 1026:1061 that chili-flavored commercial snack 1026:1061 The overall acceptability of the gluten-free snacks was similar to that chili-flavored commercial snack. 25866197 7 42 theme glycemic 1160:1167 arg1 index 1169:1173 low predicted glycemic index 1146:1173 low predicted glycemic index 1146:1173 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 0 43 theme maize 47:51 arg1 blend 53:57 maize blend 47:57 maize blend 47:57 Gluten-free snacks using plantain-chickpea and maize blend: chemical composition, starch digestibility, and predicted glycemic index. 25866197 3 44 theme plantain 481:488 arg1 deep-frying 459:469 deep-frying 459:469 deep-frying 459:469 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 44 theme plantain 481:488 arg1 Extrusion 445:453 Extrusion 445:453 Extrusion 445:453 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 45 theme glycemic 624:631 arg1 35 646:647 35 646:647 35 646:647 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 45 theme glycemic 624:631 arg1 index 633:637 low predicted glycemic index 610:637 low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35) 610:648 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 4 46 theme similar 748:754 arg1 snacks 767:772 similar commercial snacks 748:772 similar commercial snacks 748:772 The gluten-free snacks presented lower fat content (12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g) than those reported in similar commercial snacks. 25866197 5 47 theme plantain 809:816 arg1 flour 818:822 the highest unripe plantain flour 790:822 the highest unripe plantain flour 790:822 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 5 48 with counterpart 896:906 arg1 level 940:944 the highest chickpea flour level 913:944 the highest chickpea flour level 913:944 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 1 49 dep quality 216:222 arg1 products 241:248 gluten-free food products 224:248 good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value 211:276 An increase in celiac consumers has caused an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value. 25866197 7 50 with snacks 1103:1108 arg1 content 1134:1140 high dietary fiber content 1115:1140 high dietary fiber content 1115:1140 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 7 50 with snacks 1103:1108 arg1 index 1169:1173 low predicted glycemic index 1146:1173 low predicted glycemic index 1146:1173 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 7 50 with snacks 1103:1108 arg1 blend 1184:1188 the blend 1180:1188 the blend of the 3 flours 1180:1204 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 1 51 theme good 211:214 arg1 quality 216:222 good quality 211:222 good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value 211:276 An increase in celiac consumers has caused an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value. 25866197 3 52 theme low 610:612 arg1 35 646:647 35 646:647 35 646:647 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 52 theme low 610:612 arg1 index 633:637 low predicted glycemic index 610:637 low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35) 610:648 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 53 theme dietary 563:569 arg1 contents 577:584 high dietary fiber contents 558:584 high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) 558:604 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 53 theme dietary 563:569 arg1 g 603:603 13.7-18.2 g/100 g 587:603 13.7-18.2 g/100 g 587:603 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 54 theme unripe 474:479 arg1 plantain 481:488 unripe plantain 474:488 unripe plantain 474:488 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 55 with snacks 546:551 arg1 contents 577:584 high dietary fiber contents 558:584 high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) 558:604 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 55 with snacks 546:551 arg1 35 646:647 35 646:647 35 646:647 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 55 with snacks 546:551 arg1 g 603:603 13.7-18.2 g/100 g 587:603 13.7-18.2 g/100 g 587:603 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 55 with snacks 546:551 arg1 index 633:637 low predicted glycemic index 610:637 low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35) 610:648 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 56 theme fiber 571:575 arg1 contents 577:584 high dietary fiber contents 558:584 high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) 558:604 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 3 56 theme fiber 571:575 arg1 g 603:603 13.7-18.2 g/100 g 587:603 13.7-18.2 g/100 g 587:603 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 2 57 theme normal 332:337 arg1 part 339:342 a normal part 330:342 a normal part of the eating habits of the celiac population 330:388 Snack foods are consumed worldwide and have become a normal part of the eating habits of the celiac population making them a target to improve their nutritive value. 25866197 7 58 theme obesity 1301:1307 arg1 problems 1309:1316 excess weight and obesity problems 1283:1316 excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community 1283:1363 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 4 59 theme lower 684:688 arg1 content 694:700 lower fat content 684:700 lower fat content (12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g) 684:723 The gluten-free snacks presented lower fat content (12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g) than those reported in similar commercial snacks. 25866197 4 59 theme lower 684:688 arg1 g 722:722 12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g 703:722 12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g 703:722 The gluten-free snacks presented lower fat content (12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g) than those reported in similar commercial snacks. 25866197 3 60 theme gluten-free 534:544 arg1 snacks 546:551 gluten-free snacks 534:551 gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35) 534:648 Extrusion and deep-frying of unripe plantain, chickpea, and maize flours blends produced gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber contents (13.7-18.2 g/100 g) and low predicted glycemic index (28 to 35). 25866197 4 61 dep g/100 716:720 arg1 to 708:709 to 708:709 to 708:709 The gluten-free snacks presented lower fat content (12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g) than those reported in similar commercial snacks. 25866197 6 62 theme chili-flavored 1031:1044 arg1 snack 1057:1061 that chili-flavored commercial snack 1026:1061 that chili-flavored commercial snack 1026:1061 The overall acceptability of the gluten-free snacks was similar to that chili-flavored commercial snack. 25866197 1 63 theme gluten-free 224:234 arg1 products 241:248 gluten-free food products 224:248 good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value 211:276 An increase in celiac consumers has caused an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value. 25866197 6 64 theme snacks 1004:1009 arg1 acceptability 971:983 The overall acceptability 959:983 The overall acceptability of the gluten-free snacks 959:1009 The overall acceptability of the gluten-free snacks was similar to that chili-flavored commercial snack. 25866197 6 64 theme snacks 1004:1009 arg1 similar 1015:1021 similar 1015:1021 similar 1015:1021 The overall acceptability of the gluten-free snacks was similar to that chili-flavored commercial snack. 25866197 5 65 theme highest 917:923 arg1 level 940:944 the highest chickpea flour level 913:944 the highest chickpea flour level 913:944 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 2 66 theme habits 358:363 arg1 part 339:342 a normal part 330:342 a normal part of the eating habits of the celiac population 330:388 Snack foods are consumed worldwide and have become a normal part of the eating habits of the celiac population making them a target to improve their nutritive value. 25866197 5 67 theme highest 794:800 arg1 flour 818:822 the highest unripe plantain flour 790:822 the highest unripe plantain flour 790:822 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 1 68 theme food 236:239 arg1 products 241:248 gluten-free food products 224:248 good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value 211:276 An increase in celiac consumers has caused an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value. 25866197 0 69 theme chemical 60:67 arg1 composition 69:79 chemical composition 60:79 chemical composition 60:79 Gluten-free snacks using plantain-chickpea and maize blend: chemical composition, starch digestibility, and predicted glycemic index. 25866197 7 70 theme gluten-free 1091:1101 arg1 snacks 1103:1108 gluten-free snacks 1091:1108 gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours 1091:1204 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 5 71 theme chickpea 925:932 arg1 level 940:944 the highest chickpea flour level 913:944 the highest chickpea flour level 913:944 The snack with the highest unripe plantain flour showed higher slowly digestible starch (11.6 and 13.4 g/100 g) than its counterpart with the highest chickpea flour level (6 g/100 g). 25866197 1 72 with quality 216:222 arg1 value 272:276 high nutritional value 255:276 high nutritional value 255:276 An increase in celiac consumers has caused an increasing interest to develop good quality gluten-free food products with high nutritional value. 25866197 2 73 theme eating 351:356 arg1 habits 358:363 the eating habits 347:363 the eating habits of the celiac population 347:388 Snack foods are consumed worldwide and have become a normal part of the eating habits of the celiac population making them a target to improve their nutritive value. 25866197 7 74 theme low 1146:1148 arg1 index 1169:1173 low predicted glycemic index 1146:1173 low predicted glycemic index 1146:1173 It was possible to develop gluten-free snacks with high dietary fiber content and low predicted glycemic index with the blend of the 3 flours, and these gluten-free snacks may also be useful as an alternative to reduce excess weight and obesity problems in the general population and celiac community. 25866197 4 75 theme gluten-free 655:665 arg1 snacks 667:672 The gluten-free snacks 651:672 The gluten-free snacks 651:672 The gluten-free snacks presented lower fat content (12.7 to 13.6 g/100 g) than those reported in similar commercial snacks. 27166530 10 0 theme significant 1182:1192 arg1 alterations 1194:1204 significant alterations 1182:1204 significant alterations in their physicochemical characteristics 1182:1245 Only F1 and F3 met all quality parameters and were subjected to accelerated stability testing without significant alterations in their physicochemical characteristics. 27166530 8 1 theme brand 834:838 arg1 B 840:840 brand B 834:840 brand B 834:840 Moreover, brand B did not meet weight variation criteria and brand C did not satisfy requirements for single point dissolution test. 27166530 0 2 theme tablets 83:89 arg1 study 49:53 comparative in vitro study 28:53 comparative in vitro study 28:53 Formulation development and comparative in vitro study of metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets. 27166530 0 2 theme tablets 83:89 arg1 development 12:22 Formulation development 0:22 Formulation development 0:22 Formulation development and comparative in vitro study of metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets. 27166530 11 3 theme cube 1398:1401 arg1 law 1408:1410 Hixson-Crowell cube root law 1383:1410 Hixson-Crowell cube root law 1383:1410 Based on AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models, drug release was determined to most closely follow Hixson-Crowell cube root law. 27166530 7 4 theme content 804:810 arg1 uniformity 812:821 content uniformity 804:821 content uniformity 804:821 Brands B and C and F5 and F6 did not qualify the tests for content uniformity. 27166530 4 5 theme direct 541:546 arg1 compression 548:558 direct compression 541:558 direct compression 541:558 F1-F6 were prepared with Avicel PH101 (filler), Crospovidone (disintegrant) and Magnesium Stearate (lubricant) by direct compression. 27166530 11 6 theme root 1403:1406 arg1 law 1408:1410 Hixson-Crowell cube root law 1383:1410 Hixson-Crowell cube root law 1383:1410 Based on AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models, drug release was determined to most closely follow Hixson-Crowell cube root law. 27166530 8 7 theme brand 885:889 arg1 C 891:891 brand C 885:891 brand C 885:891 Moreover, brand B did not meet weight variation criteria and brand C did not satisfy requirements for single point dissolution test. 27166530 6 8 theme independent 714:724 arg1 approaches 733:742 model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches 694:742 model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches 694:742 Furthermore, drug profiles were characterized using model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches. 27166530 1 9 theme trial 215:219 arg1 formulations 221:232 trial formulations 215:232 trial formulations 215:232 The objective of the present work was to develop Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) and to compare trial formulations to a reference product. 27166530 5 10 dep Pharmacopoeial 561:574 arg1 methods 599:605 methods 599:605 methods 599:605 Pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial methods were used to assess their quality. 27166530 10 11 theme physicochemical 1215:1229 arg1 characteristics 1231:1245 their physicochemical characteristics 1209:1245 their physicochemical characteristics 1209:1245 Only F1 and F3 met all quality parameters and were subjected to accelerated stability testing without significant alterations in their physicochemical characteristics. 27166530 10 12 theme quality 1103:1109 arg1 parameters 1111:1120 all quality parameters 1099:1120 all quality parameters 1099:1120 Only F1 and F3 met all quality parameters and were subjected to accelerated stability testing without significant alterations in their physicochemical characteristics. 27166530 1 13 theme Immediate 141:149 arg1 IR 160:161 IR 160:161 IR 160:161 The objective of the present work was to develop Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) and to compare trial formulations to a reference product. 27166530 1 13 theme Immediate 141:149 arg1 Release 151:157 Immediate Release 141:157 Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) 141:198 The objective of the present work was to develop Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) and to compare trial formulations to a reference product. 27166530 11 14 theme AIC 1257:1259 arg1 values 1280:1285 AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values 1257:1285 AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models 1257:1329 Based on AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models, drug release was determined to most closely follow Hixson-Crowell cube root law. 27166530 10 15 theme stability 1156:1164 arg1 testing 1166:1172 accelerated stability testing 1144:1172 accelerated stability testing without significant alterations in their physicochemical characteristics 1144:1245 Only F1 and F3 met all quality parameters and were subjected to accelerated stability testing without significant alterations in their physicochemical characteristics. 27166530 6 16 theme dependent 700:708 arg1 approaches 733:742 model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches 694:742 model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches 694:742 Furthermore, drug profiles were characterized using model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches. 27166530 6 17 dep dependent 700:708 arg1 2 729:729 2 729:729 2 729:729 Furthermore, drug profiles were characterized using model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches. 27166530 6 17 dep dependent 700:708 arg1 f 727:727 f 727:727 f(2) 727:730 Furthermore, drug profiles were characterized using model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches. 27166530 1 18 theme Release 151:157 arg1 tablets 164:170 Immediate Release (IR) tablets 141:170 Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) 141:198 The objective of the present work was to develop Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) and to compare trial formulations to a reference product. 27166530 6 19 theme model 694:698 arg1 approaches 733:742 model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches 694:742 model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches 694:742 Furthermore, drug profiles were characterized using model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches. 27166530 0 20 theme Formulation 0:10 arg1 development 12:22 Formulation development 0:22 Formulation development 0:22 Formulation development and comparative in vitro study of metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets. 27166530 8 21 theme variation 862:870 arg1 criteria 872:879 weight variation criteria 855:879 weight variation criteria 855:879 Moreover, brand B did not meet weight variation criteria and brand C did not satisfy requirements for single point dissolution test. 27166530 12 22 theme optimized 1441:1449 arg1 formulation 1451:1461 the optimized formulation 1437:1461 the optimized formulation 1437:1461 F1 was determined to be the optimized formulation. 27166530 12 22 theme optimized 1441:1449 arg1 F1 1413:1414 F1 1413:1414 F1 1413:1414 F1 was determined to be the optimized formulation. 27166530 9 23 theme time 1068:1071 arg1 limit 1073:1077 time limit 1068:1077 time limit 1068:1077 Of the trial formulations, F2 failed the test for uniformity in thickness while F4 did not disintegrate within time limit. 27166530 0 24 theme comparative 28:38 arg1 study 49:53 comparative in vitro study 28:53 comparative in vitro study 28:53 Formulation development and comparative in vitro study of metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets. 27166530 4 25 theme Avicel 452:457 arg1 PH101 459:463 Avicel PH101 452:463 Avicel PH101 (filler) 452:472 F1-F6 were prepared with Avicel PH101 (filler), Crospovidone (disintegrant) and Magnesium Stearate (lubricant) by direct compression. 27166530 4 25 theme Avicel 452:457 arg1 filler 466:471 filler 466:471 filler 466:471 F1-F6 were prepared with Avicel PH101 (filler), Crospovidone (disintegrant) and Magnesium Stearate (lubricant) by direct compression. 27166530 8 26 theme single 926:931 arg1 test 951:954 single point dissolution test 926:954 single point dissolution test 926:954 Moreover, brand B did not meet weight variation criteria and brand C did not satisfy requirements for single point dissolution test. 27166530 4 27 dep Stearate 517:524 arg1 lubricant 527:535 lubricant 527:535 lubricant 527:535 F1-F6 were prepared with Avicel PH101 (filler), Crospovidone (disintegrant) and Magnesium Stearate (lubricant) by direct compression. 27166530 10 28 from alterations 1194:1204 arg1 characteristics 1231:1245 their physicochemical characteristics 1209:1245 their physicochemical characteristics 1209:1245 Only F1 and F3 met all quality parameters and were subjected to accelerated stability testing without significant alterations in their physicochemical characteristics. 27166530 7 29 dep Brands 745:750 arg1 F5 764:765 F5 764:765 F5 764:765 Brands B and C and F5 and F6 did not qualify the tests for content uniformity. 27166530 7 29 dep Brands 745:750 arg1 Brands 745:750 Brands B and C and F5 and F6 745:772 Brands B and C and F5 and F6 745:772 Brands B and C and F5 and F6 did not qualify the tests for content uniformity. 27166530 7 29 dep Brands 745:750 arg1 C 758:758 C 758:758 C 758:758 Brands B and C and F5 and F6 did not qualify the tests for content uniformity. 27166530 7 29 dep Brands 745:750 arg1 B 752:752 B 752:752 B 752:752 Brands B and C and F5 and F6 did not qualify the tests for content uniformity. 27166530 1 30 theme work 121:124 arg1 objective 96:104 The objective 92:104 The objective of the present work 92:124 The objective of the present work was to develop Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) and to compare trial formulations to a reference product. 27166530 1 31 theme reference 239:247 arg1 product 249:255 a reference product 237:255 a reference product 237:255 The objective of the present work was to develop Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) and to compare trial formulations to a reference product. 27166530 8 32 theme dissolution 939:949 arg1 test 951:954 single point dissolution test 926:954 single point dissolution test 926:954 Moreover, brand B did not meet weight variation criteria and brand C did not satisfy requirements for single point dissolution test. 27166530 3 33 theme marketed 371:378 arg1 products 380:387 Two marketed products 367:387 Two marketed products (brands B and C) 367:404 Two marketed products (brands B and C) were also evaluated. 27166530 3 33 theme marketed 371:378 arg1 brands 390:395 brands B and C 390:403 brands B and C 390:403 Two marketed products (brands B and C) were also evaluated. 27166530 2 34 theme reference 346:354 arg1 A 363:363 A 363:363 A 363:363 Six formulations (F1-F6) were designed using central composite method and compared to a reference brand (A). 27166530 2 34 theme reference 346:354 arg1 brand 356:360 a reference brand 344:360 a reference brand (A) 344:364 Six formulations (F1-F6) were designed using central composite method and compared to a reference brand (A). 27166530 0 35 theme in 40:41 arg1 study 49:53 comparative in vitro study 28:53 comparative in vitro study 28:53 Formulation development and comparative in vitro study of metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets. 27166530 8 36 theme point 933:937 arg1 test 951:954 single point dissolution test 926:954 single point dissolution test 926:954 Moreover, brand B did not meet weight variation criteria and brand C did not satisfy requirements for single point dissolution test. 27166530 9 37 theme trial 964:968 arg1 formulations 970:981 the trial formulations 960:981 the trial formulations 960:981 Of the trial formulations, F2 failed the test for uniformity in thickness while F4 did not disintegrate within time limit. 27166530 1 38 theme Metoprolol 175:184 arg1 MT 196:197 MT 196:197 MT 196:197 The objective of the present work was to develop Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) and to compare trial formulations to a reference product. 27166530 1 38 theme Metoprolol 175:184 arg1 Tartrate 186:193 Metoprolol Tartrate 175:193 Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) 175:198 The objective of the present work was to develop Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) and to compare trial formulations to a reference product. 27166530 5 39 used used 612:615 arg2 Pharmacopoeial 561:574 Pharmacopoeial 561:574 Pharmacopoeial 561:574 Pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial methods were used to assess their quality. 27166530 5 39 used used 612:615 arg2 non-pharmacopoeial 580:597 non-pharmacopoeial 580:597 non-pharmacopoeial 580:597 Pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial methods were used to assess their quality. 27166530 0 40 dep in 40:41 arg1 vitro 43:47 vitro 43:47 vitro 43:47 Formulation development and comparative in vitro study of metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets. 27166530 6 41 theme drug 655:658 arg1 profiles 660:667 drug profiles 655:667 drug profiles 655:667 Furthermore, drug profiles were characterized using model dependent and independent (f(2)) approaches. 27166530 11 42 theme various 1308:1314 arg1 models 1324:1329 various kinetic models 1308:1329 various kinetic models 1308:1329 Based on AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models, drug release was determined to most closely follow Hixson-Crowell cube root law. 27166530 8 43 theme weight 855:860 arg1 criteria 872:879 weight variation criteria 855:879 weight variation criteria 855:879 Moreover, brand B did not meet weight variation criteria and brand C did not satisfy requirements for single point dissolution test. 27166530 11 44 theme Hixson-Crowell 1383:1396 arg1 law 1408:1410 Hixson-Crowell cube root law 1383:1410 Hixson-Crowell cube root law 1383:1410 Based on AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models, drug release was determined to most closely follow Hixson-Crowell cube root law. 27166530 10 45 theme accelerated 1144:1154 arg1 testing 1166:1172 accelerated stability testing 1144:1172 accelerated stability testing without significant alterations in their physicochemical characteristics 1144:1245 Only F1 and F3 met all quality parameters and were subjected to accelerated stability testing without significant alterations in their physicochemical characteristics. 27166530 11 46 theme kinetic 1316:1322 arg1 models 1324:1329 various kinetic models 1308:1329 various kinetic models 1308:1329 Based on AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models, drug release was determined to most closely follow Hixson-Crowell cube root law. 27166530 1 47 theme Tartrate 186:193 arg1 tablets 164:170 Immediate Release (IR) tablets 141:170 Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) 141:198 The objective of the present work was to develop Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) and to compare trial formulations to a reference product. 27166530 1 48 theme present 113:119 arg1 work 121:124 the present work 109:124 the present work 109:124 The objective of the present work was to develop Immediate Release (IR) tablets of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) and to compare trial formulations to a reference product. 27166530 0 49 theme tartrate 69:76 arg1 tablets 83:89 metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets 58:89 metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets 58:89 Formulation development and comparative in vitro study of metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets. 27166530 2 50 theme composite 311:319 arg1 method 321:326 central composite method 303:326 central composite method 303:326 Six formulations (F1-F6) were designed using central composite method and compared to a reference brand (A). 27166530 4 51 theme Magnesium 507:515 arg1 Stearate 517:524 Magnesium Stearate 507:524 Magnesium Stearate (lubricant) 507:536 F1-F6 were prepared with Avicel PH101 (filler), Crospovidone (disintegrant) and Magnesium Stearate (lubricant) by direct compression. 27166530 0 52 theme metoprolol 58:67 arg1 IR 79:80 IR 79:80 IR 79:80 Formulation development and comparative in vitro study of metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets. 27166530 0 52 theme metoprolol 58:67 arg1 tartrate 69:76 metoprolol tartrate 58:76 metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets 58:89 Formulation development and comparative in vitro study of metoprolol tartrate (IR) tablets. 27166530 3 53 dep brands 390:395 arg1 C 403:403 C 403:403 C 403:403 Two marketed products (brands B and C) were also evaluated. 27166530 3 53 dep brands 390:395 arg1 B 397:397 B 397:397 B 397:397 Two marketed products (brands B and C) were also evaluated. 27166530 3 53 dep brands 390:395 arg1 brands 390:395 brands B and C 390:403 brands B and C 390:403 Two marketed products (brands B and C) were also evaluated. 27166530 11 54 dep values 1280:1285 arg1 adjusted 1270:1277 adjusted 1270:1277 adjusted 1270:1277 Based on AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models, drug release was determined to most closely follow Hixson-Crowell cube root law. 27166530 2 55 theme central 303:309 arg1 method 321:326 central composite method 303:326 central composite method 303:326 Six formulations (F1-F6) were designed using central composite method and compared to a reference brand (A). 27166530 11 56 theme drug 1332:1335 arg1 release 1337:1343 drug release 1332:1343 drug release 1332:1343 Based on AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models, drug release was determined to most closely follow Hixson-Crowell cube root law. 27166530 11 57 theme r 1265:1265 arg1 values 1280:1285 AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values 1257:1285 AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models 1257:1329 Based on AIC and r(2)(adjusted) values obtained by applying various kinetic models, drug release was determined to most closely follow Hixson-Crowell cube root law. 27362617 2 0 theme % 405:405 arg1 w/v 407:409 0.1% w/v 402:409 tannic acid 0.1% w/v 390:409 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 8 1 theme testis 1305:1310 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the fatty acid composition 1271:1296 the fatty acid composition of the testis 1271:1310 Tannic acid attenuated oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia, but it did not improve pathological changes in the fatty acid composition of the testis. 27362617 1 2 theme fatty 225:229 arg1 profile 236:242 the fatty acid profile 221:242 the fatty acid profile 221:242 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 2 3 theme 0.1 402:404 arg1 % 405:405 % 405:405 % 405:405 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 2 4 dep w/v 385:387 arg1 acid 397:400 tannic acid 390:400 tannic acid 0.1% w/v 390:409 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 1 5 from influence 138:146 arg1 profile 236:242 the fatty acid profile 221:242 the fatty acid profile 221:242 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 1 5 from influence 138:146 arg1 peroxidation 254:265 lipid peroxidation 248:265 lipid peroxidation in rat testes 248:279 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 5 6 theme sucrose 770:776 arg1 administration 778:791 sucrose administration 770:791 sucrose administration 770:791 Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased after sucrose administration in plasma (p < .05) and testis tissue (p < .01). 27362617 1 7 theme acid 231:234 arg1 profile 236:242 the fatty acid profile 221:242 the fatty acid profile 221:242 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 0 8 theme tannic 92:97 arg1 acid 99:102 tannic acid 92:102 tannic acid 92:102 Lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation in rat testes after long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water. 27362617 0 9 from Lipogenesis 0:10 arg1 testes 42:47 rat testes 38:47 rat testes 38:47 Lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation in rat testes after long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water. 27362617 2 10 dep acid 397:400 arg1 w/v 407:409 0.1% w/v 402:409 tannic acid 0.1% w/v 390:409 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 6 11 from peroxidation 899:910 arg1 p < .05 948:954 p < .05 948:954 p < .05 948:954 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 6 11 from peroxidation 899:910 arg1 testis 940:945 testis 940:945 testis 940:945 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 6 11 from peroxidation 899:910 arg1 plasma 919:924 plasma (p < .05) 919:934 plasma (p < .05) 919:934 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 5 12 theme testis 817:822 arg1 p < .01 832:838 p < .01 832:838 p < .01 832:838 Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased after sucrose administration in plasma (p < .05) and testis tissue (p < .01). 27362617 5 12 theme testis 817:822 arg1 tissue 824:829 testis tissue 817:829 testis tissue (p < .01) 817:839 Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased after sucrose administration in plasma (p < .05) and testis tissue (p < .01). 27362617 3 13 theme glucose 473:479 arg1 levels 481:486 blood glucose levels 467:486 blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) 467:510 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 3 14 theme rats 588:591 arg1 weight 537:542 the testis weight 526:542 the testis weight (p < .05) 526:552 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 3 14 theme rats 588:591 arg1 p < .05 572:578 p < .05 572:578 p < .05 572:578 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 3 14 theme rats 588:591 arg1 index 565:569 testis index 558:569 testis index (p < .05) 558:579 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 3 14 theme rats 588:591 arg1 p < .05 545:551 p < .05 545:551 p < .05 545:551 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 0 15 with treatment 65:73 arg1 sucrose 80:86 sucrose 80:86 sucrose 80:86 Lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation in rat testes after long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water. 27362617 0 15 with treatment 65:73 arg1 acid 99:102 tannic acid 92:102 tannic acid 92:102 Lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation in rat testes after long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water. 27362617 4 16 theme fatty 638:642 arg1 acids 644:648 monounsaturated fatty acids 622:648 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 622:655 Sucrose treatment increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and C22:6n3, and decreased n6 fatty acids in testis tissue. 27362617 4 16 theme fatty 638:642 arg1 MUFA 651:654 MUFA 651:654 MUFA 651:654 Sucrose treatment increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and C22:6n3, and decreased n6 fatty acids in testis tissue. 27362617 2 17 theme tannic 360:365 arg1 w/v 385:387 sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v 373:409 w/v 385:387 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 2 17 theme tannic 360:365 arg1 acid 367:370 tannic acid 360:370 tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) 360:410 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 1 18 theme long-term 151:159 arg1 treatment 161:169 long-term treatment 151:169 long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water 151:216 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 6 19 from decrease 881:888 arg1 MUFA 980:983 MUFA 980:983 MUFA 980:983 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 6 19 from decrease 881:888 arg1 acids 1010:1014 n6 fatty acids 1001:1014 n6 fatty acids 1001:1014 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 6 19 from decrease 881:888 arg1 peroxidation 899:910 lipid peroxidation 893:910 lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05) 893:955 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 6 20 from decrease 989:996 arg1 MUFA 980:983 MUFA 980:983 MUFA 980:983 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 6 20 from decrease 989:996 arg1 acids 1010:1014 n6 fatty acids 1001:1014 n6 fatty acids 1001:1014 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 6 20 from decrease 989:996 arg1 peroxidation 899:910 lipid peroxidation 893:910 lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05) 893:955 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 1 21 theme treatment 161:169 arg1 influence 138:146 the influence 134:146 the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes 134:279 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 2 22 theme % 383:383 arg1 w/v 385:387 sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v 373:409 w/v 385:387 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 2 22 theme % 383:383 arg1 acid 367:370 tannic acid 360:370 tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) 360:410 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 4 23 from acids 693:697 arg1 tissue 709:714 testis tissue 702:714 testis tissue 702:714 Sucrose treatment increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and C22:6n3, and decreased n6 fatty acids in testis tissue. 27362617 2 24 theme Wistar 287:292 arg1 rats 294:297 Male Wistar rats 282:297 Male Wistar rats 282:297 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 1 25 theme lipid 248:252 arg1 peroxidation 254:265 lipid peroxidation 248:265 lipid peroxidation in rat testes 248:279 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 1 26 from peroxidation 254:265 arg1 testes 274:279 rat testes 270:279 rat testes 270:279 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 2 27 theme Male 282:285 arg1 rats 294:297 Male Wistar rats 282:297 Male Wistar rats 282:297 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 2 28 theme sucrose 373:379 arg1 w/v 385:387 sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v 373:409 w/v 385:387 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 2 28 theme sucrose 373:379 arg1 acid 367:370 tannic acid 360:370 tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) 360:410 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 4 29 theme Sucrose 594:600 arg1 treatment 602:610 Sucrose treatment 594:610 Sucrose treatment 594:610 Sucrose treatment increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and C22:6n3, and decreased n6 fatty acids in testis tissue. 27362617 1 30 from profile 236:242 arg1 testes 274:279 rat testes 270:279 rat testes 270:279 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 7 31 theme fatty 1151:1155 arg1 acids 1157:1161 n6 fatty acids 1148:1161 n6 fatty acids 1148:1161 In conclusion, sucrose significantly altered the testis fatty acid profile with an increase in MUFA and C22:6n3, and a decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 4 32 theme monounsaturated 622:636 arg1 acids 644:648 monounsaturated fatty acids 622:648 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 622:655 Sucrose treatment increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and C22:6n3, and decreased n6 fatty acids in testis tissue. 27362617 4 32 theme monounsaturated 622:636 arg1 MUFA 651:654 MUFA 651:654 MUFA 651:654 Sucrose treatment increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and C22:6n3, and decreased n6 fatty acids in testis tissue. 27362617 6 33 theme lipid 893:897 arg1 peroxidation 899:910 lipid peroxidation 893:910 lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05) 893:955 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 0 34 theme lipid 16:20 arg1 peroxidation 22:33 lipid peroxidation 16:33 lipid peroxidation 16:33 Lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation in rat testes after long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water. 27362617 3 35 theme blood 467:471 arg1 levels 481:486 blood glucose levels 467:486 blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) 467:510 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 6 36 from increase 968:975 arg1 MUFA 980:983 MUFA 980:983 MUFA 980:983 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 6 36 from increase 968:975 arg1 acids 1010:1014 n6 fatty acids 1001:1014 n6 fatty acids 1001:1014 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 6 36 from increase 968:975 arg1 peroxidation 899:910 lipid peroxidation 893:910 lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05) 893:955 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 1 37 theme tannic 188:193 arg1 acid 195:198 tannic acid 188:198 tannic acid 188:198 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 0 38 theme rat 38:40 arg1 testes 42:47 rat testes 38:47 rat testes 38:47 Lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation in rat testes after long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water. 27362617 1 39 theme rat 270:272 arg1 testes 274:279 rat testes 270:279 rat testes 270:279 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 2 40 theme tannic 390:395 arg1 acid 397:400 tannic acid 390:400 tannic acid 0.1% w/v 390:409 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 5 41 theme Lipid 717:721 arg1 peroxidation 723:734 Lipid peroxidation 717:734 Lipid peroxidation 717:734 Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased after sucrose administration in plasma (p < .05) and testis tissue (p < .01). 27362617 3 42 with treatment 435:443 arg1 sucrose 450:456 sucrose 450:456 sucrose 450:456 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 6 43 theme further 960:966 arg1 increase 968:975 a further increase 958:975 a further increase in MUFA 958:983 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 1 44 from acid 195:198 arg1 water 212:216 drinking water 203:216 drinking water 203:216 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 3 45 theme testis 530:535 arg1 weight 537:542 the testis weight 526:542 the testis weight (p < .05) 526:552 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 3 45 theme testis 530:535 arg1 p < .05 545:551 p < .05 545:551 p < .05 545:551 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 4 46 theme fatty 687:691 arg1 acids 693:697 n6 fatty acids 684:697 n6 fatty acids in testis tissue 684:714 Sucrose treatment increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and C22:6n3, and decreased n6 fatty acids in testis tissue. 27362617 4 47 theme testis 702:707 arg1 tissue 709:714 testis tissue 702:714 testis tissue 702:714 Sucrose treatment increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and C22:6n3, and decreased n6 fatty acids in testis tissue. 27362617 7 48 theme acid 1079:1082 arg1 profile 1084:1090 the testis fatty acid profile 1062:1090 the testis fatty acid profile 1062:1090 In conclusion, sucrose significantly altered the testis fatty acid profile with an increase in MUFA and C22:6n3, and a decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 8 49 theme acid 1281:1284 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the fatty acid composition 1271:1296 the fatty acid composition of the testis 1271:1310 Tannic acid attenuated oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia, but it did not improve pathological changes in the fatty acid composition of the testis. 27362617 8 50 theme oxidative 1187:1195 arg1 stress 1197:1202 oxidative stress 1187:1202 oxidative stress 1187:1202 Tannic acid attenuated oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia, but it did not improve pathological changes in the fatty acid composition of the testis. 27362617 8 51 theme fatty 1275:1279 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the fatty acid composition 1271:1296 the fatty acid composition of the testis 1271:1310 Tannic acid attenuated oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia, but it did not improve pathological changes in the fatty acid composition of the testis. 27362617 8 52 theme pathological 1247:1258 arg1 changes 1260:1266 pathological changes 1247:1266 pathological changes in the fatty acid composition of the testis 1247:1310 Tannic acid attenuated oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia, but it did not improve pathological changes in the fatty acid composition of the testis. 27362617 4 53 theme n6 684:685 arg1 acids 693:697 n6 fatty acids 684:697 n6 fatty acids in testis tissue 684:714 Sucrose treatment increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and C22:6n3, and decreased n6 fatty acids in testis tissue. 27362617 7 54 from increase 1100:1107 arg1 acids 1157:1161 n6 fatty acids 1148:1161 n6 fatty acids 1148:1161 In conclusion, sucrose significantly altered the testis fatty acid profile with an increase in MUFA and C22:6n3, and a decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 7 54 from increase 1100:1107 arg1 C22:6n3 1121:1127 C22:6n3 1121:1127 C22:6n3 1121:1127 In conclusion, sucrose significantly altered the testis fatty acid profile with an increase in MUFA and C22:6n3, and a decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 7 54 from increase 1100:1107 arg1 MUFA 1112:1115 MUFA 1112:1115 MUFA 1112:1115 In conclusion, sucrose significantly altered the testis fatty acid profile with an increase in MUFA and C22:6n3, and a decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 3 55 theme testis 558:563 arg1 p < .05 572:578 p < .05 572:578 p < .05 572:578 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 3 55 theme testis 558:563 arg1 index 565:569 testis index 558:569 testis index (p < .05) 558:579 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 8 56 theme Tannic 1164:1169 arg1 acid 1171:1174 Tannic acid 1164:1174 Tannic acid 1164:1174 Tannic acid attenuated oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia, but it did not improve pathological changes in the fatty acid composition of the testis. 27362617 7 57 theme testis 1066:1071 arg1 profile 1084:1090 the testis fatty acid profile 1062:1090 the testis fatty acid profile 1062:1090 In conclusion, sucrose significantly altered the testis fatty acid profile with an increase in MUFA and C22:6n3, and a decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 6 58 dep plasma 919:924 arg1 the 915:917 the 915:917 the 915:917 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 1 59 theme drinking 203:210 arg1 water 212:216 drinking water 203:216 drinking water 203:216 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 1 60 with treatment 161:169 arg1 sucrose 176:182 sucrose 176:182 sucrose 176:182 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 1 60 with treatment 161:169 arg1 acid 195:198 tannic acid 188:198 tannic acid 188:198 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 6 61 theme fatty 1004:1008 arg1 acids 1010:1014 n6 fatty acids 1001:1014 n6 fatty acids 1001:1014 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 7 62 theme fatty 1073:1077 arg1 profile 1084:1090 the testis fatty acid profile 1062:1090 the testis fatty acid profile 1062:1090 In conclusion, sucrose significantly altered the testis fatty acid profile with an increase in MUFA and C22:6n3, and a decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 8 63 from changes 1260:1266 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the fatty acid composition 1271:1296 the fatty acid composition of the testis 1271:1310 Tannic acid attenuated oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia, but it did not improve pathological changes in the fatty acid composition of the testis. 27362617 7 64 from decrease 1136:1143 arg1 acids 1157:1161 n6 fatty acids 1148:1161 n6 fatty acids 1148:1161 In conclusion, sucrose significantly altered the testis fatty acid profile with an increase in MUFA and C22:6n3, and a decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 7 64 from decrease 1136:1143 arg1 C22:6n3 1121:1127 C22:6n3 1121:1127 C22:6n3 1121:1127 In conclusion, sucrose significantly altered the testis fatty acid profile with an increase in MUFA and C22:6n3, and a decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 7 64 from decrease 1136:1143 arg1 MUFA 1112:1115 MUFA 1112:1115 MUFA 1112:1115 In conclusion, sucrose significantly altered the testis fatty acid profile with an increase in MUFA and C22:6n3, and a decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 1 65 from sucrose 176:182 arg1 water 212:216 drinking water 203:216 drinking water 203:216 We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water on the fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. 27362617 2 66 theme % 333:333 arg1 w/v 335:337 30% w/v 331:337 30% w/v 331:337 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 2 66 theme % 333:333 arg1 sucrose 322:328 sucrose 322:328 sucrose (30% w/v) 322:338 Male Wistar rats were supplemented with sucrose (30% w/v) or with sucrose and tannic acid (sucrose 30% w/v, tannic acid 0.1% w/v) in drinking water. 27362617 3 67 from levels 481:486 arg1 plasma 495:500 the plasma 491:500 the plasma (p < .05) 491:510 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 3 67 from levels 481:486 arg1 p < .05 503:509 p < .05 503:509 p < .05 503:509 The treatment with sucrose elevated blood glucose levels in the plasma (p < .05) and decreased the testis weight (p < .05) and testis index (p < .05) of the rats. 27362617 6 68 theme acid 865:868 arg1 addition 846:853 The addition 842:853 The addition of tannic acid 842:868 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 27362617 0 69 theme long-term 55:63 arg1 treatment 65:73 long-term treatment 55:73 long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water 55:120 Lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation in rat testes after long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water. 27362617 0 70 from peroxidation 22:33 arg1 testes 42:47 rat testes 38:47 rat testes 38:47 Lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation in rat testes after long-term treatment with sucrose and tannic acid in drinking water. 27362617 6 71 theme tannic 858:863 arg1 acid 865:868 tannic acid 858:868 tannic acid 858:868 The addition of tannic acid led to the decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma (p < .05) and testis (p < .05), a further increase in MUFA and decrease in n6 fatty acids. 24671083 2 0 theme biogeochemical 579:592 arg1 processes 594:602 biogeochemical processes 579:602 biogeochemical processes 579:602 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 3 1 theme functional 694:703 arg1 structure 710:718 the phylogenetic and functional gene structure 673:718 the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes 673:742 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 3 1 theme functional 694:703 arg1 different 760:768 different 760:768 different 760:768 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 4 2 theme healthy 912:918 arg1 groups 938:943 healthy and periodontitis groups 912:943 healthy and periodontitis groups 912:943 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 4 3 theme relative 1097:1104 arg1 abundances 1106:1115 higher relative abundances 1090:1115 higher relative abundances 1090:1115 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 3 4 theme microbiomes 732:742 arg1 structure 710:718 the phylogenetic and functional gene structure 673:718 the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes 673:742 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 3 4 theme microbiomes 732:742 arg1 different 760:768 different 760:768 different 760:768 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 6 5 theme lower 1613:1617 arg1 abundance 1628:1636 a significantly lower relative abundance 1597:1636 a significantly lower relative abundance 1597:1636 However, the genes involved in amino acid synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance compared with healthy group. 24671083 5 6 theme major 1248:1252 arg1 genes 1254:1258 major genes 1248:1258 major genes 1248:1258 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 2 7 theme human 625:629 arg1 microbiomes 631:641 human microbiomes 625:641 human microbiomes 625:641 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 5 8 theme potential 1460:1468 arg1 importance 1470:1479 their potential importance 1454:1479 their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis 1454:1507 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 1 9 theme human 199:203 arg1 health 217:222 human periodontal health 199:222 human periodontal health 199:222 Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. 24671083 7 10 from understanding 1718:1730 arg1 pathogenesis 1863:1874 pathogenesis 1863:1874 pathogenesis of periodontitis 1863:1891 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 4 11 theme periodontitis 924:936 arg1 groups 938:943 healthy and periodontitis groups 912:943 healthy and periodontitis groups 912:943 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 5 12 theme genes 1303:1307 arg1 genes 1303:1307 genes 1303:1307 genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation 1303:1409 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 5 12 theme genes 1303:1307 arg1 variety 1292:1298 a variety 1290:1298 a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation 1290:1409 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 7 13 theme periodontal 1818:1828 arg1 patients 1830:1837 periodontal patients 1818:1837 periodontal patients 1818:1837 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 0 14 theme oral 57:60 arg1 microbiomes 62:72 the oral microbiomes 53:72 the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients 53:98 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients. 24671083 5 15 theme functional 1158:1167 arg1 data 1180:1183 functional gene array data 1158:1183 functional gene array data 1158:1183 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 1 16 theme dental 157:162 arg1 plaque 164:169 subgingival dental plaque 145:169 subgingival dental plaque 145:169 Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. 24671083 7 17 theme communities 1803:1813 arg1 structure 1768:1776 phylogenetic and functional gene structure 1735:1776 phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients 1735:1837 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 2 18 theme amplicons 498:506 arg1 sequencing 470:479 MiSeq sequencing 464:479 MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons 464:506 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 2 18 theme amplicons 498:506 arg1 array 539:543 a specific functional gene array 512:543 a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes) 512:642 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 5 19 theme array 1174:1178 arg1 data 1180:1183 functional gene array data 1158:1183 functional gene array data 1158:1183 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 7 20 theme subgingival 1781:1791 arg1 communities 1803:1813 subgingival microbial communities 1781:1813 subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients 1781:1837 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 5 21 dep number 1210:1215 arg1 a 1197:1197 a 1197:1197 a 1197:1197 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 7 22 theme structure 1768:1776 arg1 understanding 1718:1730 our understanding 1714:1730 our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients 1714:1837 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 7 22 theme structure 1768:1776 arg1 importance 1849:1858 their importance 1843:1858 their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis 1843:1891 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 2 23 theme functional 523:532 arg1 array 539:543 a specific functional gene array 512:543 a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes) 512:642 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 1 24 dep composition 117:127 arg1 the 113:115 the 113:115 the 113:115 Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. 24671083 2 25 theme gene 397:400 arg1 differences 402:412 the phylogenetic and functional gene differences 365:412 the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals 365:456 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 7 26 theme functional 1752:1761 arg1 structure 1768:1776 phylogenetic and functional gene structure 1735:1776 phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients 1735:1837 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 2 27 theme MiSeq 464:468 arg1 sequencing 470:479 MiSeq sequencing 464:479 MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons 464:506 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 5 28 theme higher 1221:1226 arg1 intensity 1235:1243 higher signal intensity 1221:1243 higher signal intensity 1221:1243 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 5 29 theme glycosaminoglycan 1366:1382 arg1 degradation 1399:1409 glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation 1366:1409 glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation 1366:1409 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 5 29 theme glycosaminoglycan 1366:1382 arg1 factors 1331:1337 virulence factors 1321:1337 virulence factors 1321:1337 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 0 30 theme Phylogenetic 0:11 arg1 structure 33:41 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure 0:41 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure 0:41 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients. 24671083 5 31 theme gene 1205:1208 arg1 number 1210:1215 lower gene number 1199:1215 lower gene number 1199:1215 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 7 32 theme phylogenetic 1735:1746 arg1 structure 1768:1776 phylogenetic and functional gene structure 1735:1776 phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients 1735:1837 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 0 33 theme functional 17:26 arg1 structure 33:41 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure 0:41 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure 0:41 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients. 24671083 2 34 theme rRNA 488:491 arg1 amplicons 498:506 16S rRNA gene amplicons 484:506 16S rRNA gene amplicons 484:506 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 4 35 theme sequencing 830:839 arg1 analysis 841:848 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 816:848 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 816:848 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 5 36 theme amino 1340:1344 arg1 metabolism 1351:1360 amino acid metabolism 1340:1360 amino acid metabolism 1340:1360 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 5 36 theme amino 1340:1344 arg1 factors 1331:1337 virulence factors 1321:1337 virulence factors 1321:1337 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 1 37 theme human 335:339 arg1 body 341:344 human body 335:344 human body 335:344 Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. 24671083 5 38 from importance 1470:1479 arg1 pathogenesis 1496:1507 periodontal pathogenesis 1484:1507 periodontal pathogenesis 1484:1507 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 6 39 theme amino 1541:1545 arg1 synthesis 1552:1560 amino acid synthesis 1541:1560 amino acid synthesis 1541:1560 However, the genes involved in amino acid synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance compared with healthy group. 24671083 5 40 theme genes 1254:1258 arg1 number 1210:1215 lower gene number 1199:1215 lower gene number 1199:1215 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 4 41 theme rRNA 820:823 arg1 analysis 841:848 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 816:848 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 816:848 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 5 42 theme pyrimidine 1388:1397 arg1 degradation 1399:1409 glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation 1366:1409 glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation 1366:1409 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 5 42 theme pyrimidine 1388:1397 arg1 factors 1331:1337 virulence factors 1321:1337 virulence factors 1321:1337 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 4 43 theme higher 1090:1095 arg1 abundances 1106:1115 higher relative abundances 1090:1115 higher relative abundances 1090:1115 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 5 44 theme signal 1228:1233 arg1 intensity 1235:1243 higher signal intensity 1221:1243 higher signal intensity 1221:1243 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 2 45 theme HuMiChip 608:615 arg1 combination 548:558 a combination 546:558 a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes 546:641 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 3 46 theme gene 705:708 arg1 structure 710:718 the phylogenetic and functional gene structure 673:718 the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes 673:742 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 3 46 theme gene 705:708 arg1 different 760:768 different 760:768 different 760:768 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 4 47 dep Hallella 1028:1035 arg1 Eubacterium 1003:1013 Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella 980:1035 Eubacterium 1003:1013 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 4 47 dep Hallella 1028:1035 arg1 Filifactor 991:1000 Filifactor 991:1000 Filifactor 991:1000 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 4 47 dep Hallella 1028:1035 arg1 Tannerella 1016:1025 Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella 980:1035 Tannerella 1016:1025 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 5 48 theme periodontal 1484:1494 arg1 pathogenesis 1496:1507 periodontal pathogenesis 1484:1507 periodontal pathogenesis 1484:1507 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 7 49 theme periodontitis 1879:1891 arg1 pathogenesis 1863:1874 pathogenesis 1863:1874 pathogenesis of periodontitis 1863:1891 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 3 50 theme oral 727:730 arg1 microbiomes 732:742 the oral microbiomes 723:742 the oral microbiomes 723:742 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 3 51 theme periodontal 778:788 arg1 groups 802:807 periodontal and healthy groups 778:807 periodontal and healthy groups 778:807 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 6 52 theme pyrimidine 1566:1575 arg1 synthesis 1577:1585 pyrimidine synthesis 1566:1585 pyrimidine synthesis 1566:1585 However, the genes involved in amino acid synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance compared with healthy group. 24671083 1 53 theme periodontal 205:215 arg1 health 217:222 human periodontal health 199:222 human periodontal health 199:222 Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. 24671083 7 54 theme new 1696:1698 arg1 insights 1700:1707 new insights 1696:1707 new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis 1696:1891 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 0 55 from microbiomes 62:72 arg1 patients 91:98 periodontitis patients 77:98 periodontitis patients 77:98 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients. 24671083 3 56 theme healthy 794:800 arg1 groups 802:807 periodontal and healthy groups 778:807 periodontal and healthy groups 778:807 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 6 57 theme healthy 1652:1658 arg1 group 1660:1664 healthy group 1652:1664 healthy group 1652:1664 However, the genes involved in amino acid synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance compared with healthy group. 24671083 2 58 theme GeoChip 563:569 arg1 combination 548:558 a combination 546:558 a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes 546:641 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 1 59 theme subgingival 145:155 arg1 plaque 164:169 subgingival dental plaque 145:169 subgingival dental plaque 145:169 Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. 24671083 7 60 theme patients 1830:1837 arg1 communities 1803:1813 subgingival microbial communities 1781:1813 subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients 1781:1837 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 0 61 theme periodontitis 77:89 arg1 patients 91:98 periodontitis patients 77:98 periodontitis patients 77:98 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients. 24671083 5 62 theme gene 1169:1172 arg1 data 1180:1183 functional gene array data 1158:1183 functional gene array data 1158:1183 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 6 63 theme relative 1619:1626 arg1 abundance 1628:1636 a significantly lower relative abundance 1597:1636 a significantly lower relative abundance 1597:1636 However, the genes involved in amino acid synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance compared with healthy group. 24671083 1 64 theme plaque 164:169 arg1 function 133:140 function 133:140 function 133:140 Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. 24671083 1 64 theme plaque 164:169 arg1 composition 117:127 composition 117:127 composition 117:127 Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. 24671083 2 65 theme gene 493:496 arg1 amplicons 498:506 16S rRNA gene amplicons 484:506 16S rRNA gene amplicons 484:506 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 7 66 theme microbial 1793:1801 arg1 communities 1803:1813 subgingival microbial communities 1781:1813 subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients 1781:1837 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 2 67 theme gene 534:537 arg1 array 539:543 a specific functional gene array 512:543 a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes) 512:642 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 5 68 theme acid 1346:1349 arg1 metabolism 1351:1360 amino acid metabolism 1340:1360 amino acid metabolism 1340:1360 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 5 68 theme acid 1346:1349 arg1 factors 1331:1337 virulence factors 1321:1337 virulence factors 1321:1337 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 2 69 theme specific 514:521 arg1 array 539:543 a specific functional gene array 512:543 a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes) 512:642 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 2 70 theme functional 386:395 arg1 differences 402:412 the phylogenetic and functional gene differences 365:412 the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals 365:456 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 7 71 theme gene 1763:1766 arg1 structure 1768:1776 phylogenetic and functional gene structure 1735:1776 phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients 1735:1837 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 5 72 theme virulence 1321:1329 arg1 degradation 1399:1409 glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation 1366:1409 glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation 1366:1409 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 5 72 theme virulence 1321:1329 arg1 metabolism 1351:1360 amino acid metabolism 1340:1360 amino acid metabolism 1340:1360 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 5 72 theme virulence 1321:1329 arg1 factors 1331:1337 virulence factors 1321:1337 virulence factors 1321:1337 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 2 73 theme phylogenetic 369:380 arg1 differences 402:412 the phylogenetic and functional gene differences 365:412 the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals 365:456 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 0 74 theme gene 28:31 arg1 structure 33:41 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure 0:41 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure 0:41 Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients. 24671083 2 75 theme healthy 438:444 arg1 individuals 446:456 periodontal and healthy individuals 422:456 individuals 446:456 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 2 76 theme periodontal 422:432 arg1 individuals 446:456 periodontal and healthy individuals 422:456 individuals 446:456 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 1 77 theme interactions 292:303 arg1 complexity 274:283 the complexity 270:283 the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body 270:344 Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. 24671083 2 78 dep array 539:543 arg1 combination 548:558 a combination 546:558 a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes 546:641 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 2 79 theme 16S 484:486 arg1 rRNA 488:491 16S rRNA 484:491 16S rRNA gene amplicons 484:506 Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). 24671083 4 80 theme gene 825:828 arg1 analysis 841:848 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 816:848 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 816:848 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 1 81 theme human 313:317 arg1 microbiomes 319:329 human microbiomes 313:329 human microbiomes 313:329 Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. 24671083 7 82 from importance 1849:1858 arg1 pathogenesis 1863:1874 pathogenesis 1863:1874 pathogenesis of periodontitis 1863:1891 Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis. 24671083 3 83 theme phylogenetic 677:688 arg1 structure 710:718 the phylogenetic and functional gene structure 673:718 the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes 673:742 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 3 83 theme phylogenetic 677:688 arg1 different 760:768 different 760:768 different 760:768 Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. 24671083 6 84 theme acid 1547:1550 arg1 synthesis 1552:1560 amino acid synthesis 1541:1560 amino acid synthesis 1541:1560 However, the genes involved in amino acid synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance compared with healthy group. 24671083 5 85 theme lower 1199:1203 arg1 number 1210:1215 lower gene number 1199:1215 lower gene number 1199:1215 In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. 24671083 4 86 theme periodontitis 1124:1136 arg1 group 1138:1142 the periodontitis group 1120:1142 the periodontitis group 1120:1142 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24671083 4 87 theme 16S 816:818 arg1 rRNA 820:823 16S rRNA 816:823 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 816:848 Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. 24236801 2 0 theme cross-linked 480:491 arg1 QCh 493:495 cross-linked QCh 480:495 cross-linked QCh 480:495 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 6 1 theme regional 1339:1346 arg1 nodes 1354:1358 regional lymph nodes 1339:1358 regional lymph nodes 1339:1358 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 2 from metastases 1515:1524 arg1 nodes 1548:1552 the regional lymph nodes 1529:1552 the regional lymph nodes 1529:1552 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 2 from metastases 1515:1524 arg1 field 1505:1509 the operative field 1491:1509 the operative field 1491:1509 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 4 3 theme 72nd 893:896 arg1 h 898:898 the 72nd h 889:898 the 72nd h of incubation 889:912 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 4 4 theme In 681:682 arg1 assay 703:707 In vitro cytotoxicity assay 681:707 In vitro cytotoxicity assay 681:707 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 6 5 contain containing 1128:1137 arg2 QCh 1144:1146 QCh 1144:1146 QCh 1144:1146 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 5 contain containing 1128:1137 arg2 GOS 1152:1154 GOS 1152:1154 GOS 1152:1154 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 5 contain containing 1128:1137 arg1 implants 1119:1126 the implants 1115:1126 the implants containing both QCh and GOS 1115:1154 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 6 from nodes 1354:1358 arg1 increase 1234:1241 an increase 1231:1241 an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes 1231:1358 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 7 theme implantation 1421:1432 arg1 day 1414:1416 the 45th day 1405:1416 the 45th day of implantation 1405:1432 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 1 8 theme plant 250:254 arg1 GOS 288:290 GOS 288:290 GOS 288:290 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 1 8 theme plant 250:254 arg1 gossypol 278:285 plant polyphenolic compound gossypol 250:285 plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) 250:291 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 6 9 theme metastases 1325:1334 arg1 increase 1234:1241 an increase 1231:1241 an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes 1231:1358 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 10 theme tumor 1185:1189 arg1 site 1191:1194 the tumor site 1181:1194 the tumor site 1181:1194 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 11 theme survival 1250:1257 arg1 rate 1259:1262 the survival rate 1246:1262 the survival rate 1246:1262 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 12 from field 1505:1509 arg1 sign 1469:1472 any clinical sign 1456:1472 any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes 1456:1552 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 3 13 theme chemical 533:540 arg1 composition 542:552 chemical composition 533:552 chemical composition of the implant surface 533:575 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 5 14 theme performed 935:943 arg1 microscopy 958:967 the performed fluorescence microscopy 931:967 the performed fluorescence microscopy 931:967 As evidenced by the performed fluorescence microscopy analyses and SEM observations, the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants was mainly due to induction of apoptosis. 24236801 1 15 theme polyphenolic 256:267 arg1 GOS 288:290 GOS 288:290 GOS 288:290 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 1 15 theme polyphenolic 256:267 arg1 gossypol 278:285 plant polyphenolic compound gossypol 250:285 plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) 250:291 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 4 16 theme GOS-loaded 721:730 arg1 implants 744:751 GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated 721:783 implants 744:751 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 5 17 theme apoptosis 1079:1087 arg1 induction 1066:1074 induction 1066:1074 induction of apoptosis 1066:1087 As evidenced by the performed fluorescence microscopy analyses and SEM observations, the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants was mainly due to induction of apoptosis. 24236801 4 18 theme free 877:880 arg1 GOS 882:884 free GOS 877:884 free GOS 877:884 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 1 19 dep poly 159:162 arg1 L-lactide-co-D 164:177 L-lactide-co-D 164:177 L-lactide-co-D 164:177 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 1 19 dep poly 159:162 arg1 L-lactide 179:187 L-lactide 179:187 L-lactide 179:187 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 1 20 theme compound 269:276 arg1 GOS 288:290 GOS 288:290 GOS 288:290 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 1 20 theme compound 269:276 arg1 gossypol 278:285 plant polyphenolic compound gossypol 250:285 plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) 250:291 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 0 21 theme myeloid 132:138 arg1 tumor 140:144 Graffi myeloid tumor 125:144 Graffi myeloid tumor 125:144 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants loaded with gossypol prepared by electrospinning and their efficacy against Graffi myeloid tumor. 24236801 2 22 contain containing 363:372 arg2 chitosan 386:393 quaternized chitosan 374:393 quaternized chitosan (QCh) 374:399 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 2 22 contain containing 363:372 arg2 QCh 396:398 QCh 396:398 QCh 396:398 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 2 22 contain containing 363:372 arg1 Implants 354:361 Implants 354:361 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) 354:399 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 4 23 theme tumor 852:856 arg1 cells 858:862 Graffi tumor cells 845:862 Graffi tumor cells 845:862 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 3 24 theme implants 520:527 arg1 morphology 502:511 The morphology 498:511 The morphology of the implants 498:527 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 3 24 theme implants 520:527 arg1 composition 542:552 chemical composition 533:552 chemical composition of the implant surface 533:575 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 0 25 theme Graffi 125:130 arg1 tumor 140:144 Graffi myeloid tumor 125:144 Graffi myeloid tumor 125:144 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants loaded with gossypol prepared by electrospinning and their efficacy against Graffi myeloid tumor. 24236801 6 26 from metastases 1325:1334 arg1 nodes 1354:1358 regional lymph nodes 1339:1358 regional lymph nodes 1339:1358 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 4 27 theme Graffi 845:850 arg1 cells 858:862 Graffi tumor cells 845:862 Graffi tumor cells 845:862 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 7 28 theme recurrence 1477:1486 arg1 sign 1469:1472 any clinical sign 1456:1472 any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes 1456:1552 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 0 29 theme Quaternized 0:10 arg1 implants 40:47 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants 0:47 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants 0:47 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants loaded with gossypol prepared by electrospinning and their efficacy against Graffi myeloid tumor. 24236801 2 30 theme materials 450:458 arg1 coating 418:424 coating 418:424 coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh 418:495 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 2 31 with coating 418:424 arg1 film 472:475 a thin film 465:475 a thin film of cross-linked QCh 465:495 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 3 32 theme implant 561:567 arg1 surface 569:575 the implant surface 557:575 the implant surface 557:575 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 2 33 theme fibrous 442:448 arg1 materials 450:458 the obtained fibrous materials 429:458 the obtained fibrous materials 429:458 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 7 34 from sign 1469:1472 arg1 nodes 1548:1552 the regional lymph nodes 1529:1552 the regional lymph nodes 1529:1552 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 34 from sign 1469:1472 arg1 field 1505:1509 the operative field 1491:1509 the operative field 1491:1509 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 35 from alive 1396:1400 arg1 case 1369:1372 this case 1364:1372 this case 1364:1372 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 3 36 theme surface 569:575 arg1 morphology 502:511 The morphology 498:511 The morphology of the implants 498:527 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 3 36 theme surface 569:575 arg1 composition 542:552 chemical composition 533:552 chemical composition of the implant surface 533:575 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 2 37 theme obtained 433:440 arg1 materials 450:458 the obtained fibrous materials 429:458 the obtained fibrous materials 429:458 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 4 38 theme incubation 903:912 arg1 h 898:898 the 72nd h 889:898 the 72nd h of incubation 889:912 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 5 39 theme anti-tumor 1004:1013 arg1 activity 1015:1022 the anti-tumor activity 1000:1022 the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants 1000:1046 As evidenced by the performed fluorescence microscopy analyses and SEM observations, the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants was mainly due to induction of apoptosis. 24236801 5 39 theme anti-tumor 1004:1013 arg1 due 1059:1061 due 1059:1061 due 1059:1061 As evidenced by the performed fluorescence microscopy analyses and SEM observations, the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants was mainly due to induction of apoptosis. 24236801 5 40 theme fluorescence 945:956 arg1 microscopy 958:967 the performed fluorescence microscopy 931:967 the performed fluorescence microscopy 931:967 As evidenced by the performed fluorescence microscopy analyses and SEM observations, the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants was mainly due to induction of apoptosis. 24236801 0 41 theme nanofibrous 28:38 arg1 implants 40:47 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants 0:47 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants 0:47 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants loaded with gossypol prepared by electrospinning and their efficacy against Graffi myeloid tumor. 24236801 7 42 theme lymph 1542:1546 arg1 nodes 1548:1552 the regional lymph nodes 1529:1552 the regional lymph nodes 1529:1552 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 4 43 theme nanofibrous 732:742 arg1 implants 744:751 GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated 721:783 implants 744:751 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 1 44 theme coPLA/poly 201:210 arg1 implants 229:236 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants 147:236 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity 147:316 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 7 45 from recurrence 1477:1486 arg1 nodes 1548:1552 the regional lymph nodes 1529:1552 the regional lymph nodes 1529:1552 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 45 from recurrence 1477:1486 arg1 field 1505:1509 the operative field 1491:1509 the operative field 1491:1509 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 46 theme clinical 1460:1467 arg1 sign 1469:1472 any clinical sign 1456:1472 any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes 1456:1552 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 4 47 theme inhibitory 817:826 arg1 activity 828:835 about two-fold higher inhibitory activity 795:835 about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS 795:884 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 2 48 theme thin 467:470 arg1 film 472:475 a thin film 465:475 a thin film of cross-linked QCh 465:495 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 6 49 theme recurrence 1284:1293 arg1 rate 1276:1279 a lower rate 1268:1279 a lower rate of recurrence 1268:1293 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 49 theme recurrence 1284:1293 arg1 rate 1259:1262 the survival rate 1246:1262 the survival rate 1246:1262 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 4 50 theme higher 810:815 arg1 activity 828:835 about two-fold higher inhibitory activity 795:835 about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS 795:884 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 2 51 link cross-linked 480:491 arg1 QCh 493:495 cross-linked QCh 480:495 cross-linked QCh 480:495 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 1 52 theme ethylene 212:219 arg1 glycol 221:226 ethylene glycol 212:226 ethylene glycol 212:226 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 1 52 theme ethylene 212:219 arg1 poly 159:162 Nanofibrous poly 147:162 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) 147:196 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 1 53 theme anti-tumor 298:307 arg1 activity 309:316 anti-tumor activity 298:316 anti-tumor activity 298:316 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 6 54 theme lymph 1348:1352 arg1 nodes 1354:1358 regional lymph nodes 1339:1358 regional lymph nodes 1339:1358 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 55 theme hamsters 1382:1389 arg1 hamsters 1382:1389 hamsters 1382:1389 hamsters 1382:1389 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 55 theme hamsters 1382:1389 arg1 % 1377:1377 40% 1375:1377 40% of hamsters 1375:1389 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 4 56 theme cytotoxicity 690:701 arg1 assay 703:707 In vitro cytotoxicity assay 681:707 In vitro cytotoxicity assay 681:707 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 2 57 theme quaternized 374:384 arg1 QCh 396:398 QCh 396:398 QCh 396:398 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 2 57 theme quaternized 374:384 arg1 chitosan 386:393 quaternized chitosan 374:393 quaternized chitosan (QCh) 374:399 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 7 58 theme metastases 1515:1524 arg1 sign 1469:1472 any clinical sign 1456:1472 any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes 1456:1552 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 59 theme operative 1302:1310 arg1 field 1312:1316 the operative field 1298:1316 the operative field 1298:1316 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 5 60 theme fibrous 1031:1037 arg1 implants 1039:1046 the fibrous implants 1027:1046 the fibrous implants 1027:1046 As evidenced by the performed fluorescence microscopy analyses and SEM observations, the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants was mainly due to induction of apoptosis. 24236801 5 61 theme implants 1039:1046 arg1 activity 1015:1022 the anti-tumor activity 1000:1022 the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants 1000:1046 As evidenced by the performed fluorescence microscopy analyses and SEM observations, the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants was mainly due to induction of apoptosis. 24236801 5 61 theme implants 1039:1046 arg1 due 1059:1061 due 1059:1061 due 1059:1061 As evidenced by the performed fluorescence microscopy analyses and SEM observations, the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants was mainly due to induction of apoptosis. 24236801 6 62 from increase 1234:1241 arg1 rate 1276:1279 a lower rate 1268:1279 a lower rate of recurrence 1268:1293 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 62 from increase 1234:1241 arg1 field 1312:1316 the operative field 1298:1316 the operative field 1298:1316 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 62 from increase 1234:1241 arg1 rate 1259:1262 the survival rate 1246:1262 the survival rate 1246:1262 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 62 from increase 1234:1241 arg1 nodes 1354:1358 regional lymph nodes 1339:1358 regional lymph nodes 1339:1358 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 7 63 theme 45th 1409:1412 arg1 day 1414:1416 the 45th day 1405:1416 the 45th day of implantation 1405:1432 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 6 64 theme lower 1270:1274 arg1 rate 1276:1279 a lower rate 1268:1279 a lower rate of recurrence 1268:1293 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 5 65 theme SEM 982:984 arg1 observations 986:997 SEM observations 982:997 SEM observations 982:997 As evidenced by the performed fluorescence microscopy analyses and SEM observations, the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants was mainly due to induction of apoptosis. 24236801 3 66 theme electron 611:618 arg1 SEM 632:634 SEM 632:634 SEM 632:634 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 3 66 theme electron 611:618 arg1 microscopy 620:629 scanning electron microscopy 602:629 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 602:635 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 6 67 theme tumor 1206:1210 arg1 extirpation 1212:1222 the tumor extirpation 1202:1222 the tumor extirpation 1202:1222 The experiments in which the implants containing both QCh and GOS were placed locally into the tumor site after the tumor extirpation showed an increase in the survival rate and a lower rate of recurrence in the operative field and of metastases in regional lymph nodes. 24236801 1 68 theme Nanofibrous 147:157 arg1 coPLA 191:195 coPLA 191:195 coPLA 191:195 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 1 68 theme Nanofibrous 147:157 arg1 glycol 221:226 ethylene glycol 212:226 ethylene glycol 212:226 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 1 68 theme Nanofibrous 147:157 arg1 poly 159:162 Nanofibrous poly 147:162 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) 147:196 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 4 69 theme non-coated 759:768 arg1 implants 744:751 GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated 721:783 implants 744:751 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 3 70 theme X-ray 641:645 arg1 XPS 675:677 XPS 675:677 XPS 675:677 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 3 70 theme X-ray 641:645 arg1 spectroscopy 661:672 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 641:672 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 641:678 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 4 71 theme QCh-coated 774:783 arg1 implants 744:751 GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated 721:783 implants 744:751 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 7 72 theme regional 1533:1540 arg1 nodes 1548:1552 the regional lymph nodes 1529:1552 the regional lymph nodes 1529:1552 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 1 73 theme poly 159:162 arg1 implants 229:236 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants 147:236 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity 147:316 Nanofibrous poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (coPLA) or coPLA/poly(ethylene glycol) implants loaded with plant polyphenolic compound gossypol (GOS) with anti-tumor activity were fabricated by electrospinning. 24236801 7 74 from nodes 1548:1552 arg1 sign 1469:1472 any clinical sign 1456:1472 any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes 1456:1552 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 3 75 theme photoelectron 647:659 arg1 XPS 675:677 XPS 675:677 XPS 675:677 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 3 75 theme photoelectron 647:659 arg1 spectroscopy 661:672 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 641:672 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 641:678 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 5 76 dep microscopy 958:967 arg1 analyses 969:976 analyses 969:976 analyses 969:976 As evidenced by the performed fluorescence microscopy analyses and SEM observations, the anti-tumor activity of the fibrous implants was mainly due to induction of apoptosis. 24236801 7 77 from case 1369:1372 arg1 alive 1396:1400 alive 1396:1400 alive 1396:1400 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24236801 2 78 theme QCh 493:495 arg1 film 472:475 a thin film 465:475 a thin film of cross-linked QCh 465:495 Implants containing quaternized chitosan (QCh) were prepared by coating of the obtained fibrous materials with a thin film of cross-linked QCh. 24236801 3 79 theme scanning 602:609 arg1 SEM 632:634 SEM 632:634 SEM 632:634 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 3 79 theme scanning 602:609 arg1 microscopy 620:629 scanning electron microscopy 602:629 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 602:635 The morphology of the implants and chemical composition of the implant surface were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 24236801 0 80 theme chitosan-coated 12:26 arg1 implants 40:47 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants 0:47 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants 0:47 Quaternized chitosan-coated nanofibrous implants loaded with gossypol prepared by electrospinning and their efficacy against Graffi myeloid tumor. 24236801 4 81 dep In 681:682 arg1 vitro 684:688 vitro 684:688 vitro 684:688 In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that GOS-loaded nanofibrous implants, both non-coated and QCh-coated displayed about two-fold higher inhibitory activity against Graffi tumor cells than that of free GOS at the 72nd h of incubation. 24236801 7 82 theme operative 1495:1503 arg1 field 1505:1509 the operative field 1491:1509 the operative field 1491:1509 In this case, 40% of hamsters were alive on the 45th day of implantation and they did not show any clinical sign of recurrence in the operative field and metastases in the regional lymph nodes. 24174220 3 0 theme gene 295:298 arg1 sequences 300:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 6 1 theme T 1013:1013 arg1 T 1027:1027 T 1027:1027 T 1027:1027 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 6 1 theme T 1013:1013 arg1 7946 1022:1025  = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946 1000:1025  = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T) 1000:1028 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 4 2 theme Enteroccocaceae 564:578 arg1 representatives 534:548 representatives 534:548 representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping 534:785 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 3 3 theme sequences 300:308 arg1 Analysis 274:281 Analysis 274:281 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 274:308 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 4 4 theme species 869:875 arg1 strains 819:825 the investigated strains 802:825 the investigated strains 802:825 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 4 theme species 869:875 arg1 representatives 832:846 representatives 832:846 representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp 832:949 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 5 theme G+C 682:684 arg1 content 686:692 DNA G+C content 678:692 DNA G+C content 678:692 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 5 theme G+C 682:684 arg1 fingerprintings 643:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 6 theme family 557:562 arg1 Enteroccocaceae 564:578 the family Enteroccocaceae 553:578 the family Enteroccocaceae 553:578 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 7 theme genus 888:892 arg1 Vagoccocus 894:903 the genus Vagoccocus 884:903 the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp 884:949 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 1 8 theme digestive 43:51 arg1 tract 53:57 the digestive tract 39:57 the digestive tract of a wasp 39:67 nov., from the digestive tract of a wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 1 9 from tract 53:57 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., from the digestive tract of a wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 2 10 attach isolated 210:217 arg2 strains 185:191 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains 89:191 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria 89:203 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 2 10 attach isolated 210:217 arg1 tracts 238:243 the digestive tracts 224:243 the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris) 224:271 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 3 11 theme identical 342:350 arg1 sequences 352:360 identical sequences 342:360 identical sequences 342:360 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 4 12 theme profiles 745:752 arg1 analysis 754:761 cellular fatty acid profiles analysis 725:761 cellular fatty acid profiles analysis 725:761 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 12 theme profiles 745:752 arg1 fingerprintings 643:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 13 dep Vagoccocus 924:933 arg1 entomophilus 935:946 entomophilus 935:946 entomophilus 935:946 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 14 theme cellular 725:732 arg1 profiles 745:752 cellular fatty acid profiles 725:752 cellular fatty acid profiles analysis 725:761 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 15 theme extensive 767:775 arg1 biotyping 777:785 extensive biotyping 767:785 extensive biotyping 767:785 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 15 theme extensive 767:775 arg1 fingerprintings 643:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 3 16 theme sequence 414:421 arg1 similarity 423:432 96.2% sequence similarity 408:432 96.2% sequence similarity 408:432 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 4 17 theme Further 475:481 arg1 analyses 483:490 Further analyses 475:490 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping 475:785 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 3 18 with neighbour 464:472 arg1 similarity 423:432 96.2% sequence similarity 408:432 96.2% sequence similarity 408:432 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 0 19 theme entomophilus 11:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Vagococcus entomophilus sp 0:25 Vagococcus entomophilus sp. 0:26 Vagococcus entomophilus sp. 24174220 2 20 theme Gram-stain-positive 103:121 arg1 strains 185:191 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains 89:191 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria 89:203 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 4 21 theme bacterial 859:867 arg1 species 869:875 a novel bacterial species 851:875 a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp 851:949 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 1 22 theme wasp 64:67 arg1 tract 53:57 the digestive tract 39:57 the digestive tract of a wasp 39:67 nov., from the digestive tract of a wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 3 23 theme 96.2 408:411 arg1 % 412:412 % 412:412 % 412:412 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 0 24 theme Vagococcus 0:9 arg1 sp 24:25 Vagococcus entomophilus sp 0:25 Vagococcus entomophilus sp. 0:26 Vagococcus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 25 theme representatives 534:548 arg1 sequences 521:529 pheS gene sequences 511:529 pheS gene sequences 511:529 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 25 theme representatives 534:548 arg1 hsp60 501:505 hsp60 501:505 hsp60 501:505 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 26 theme novel 853:857 arg1 species 869:875 a novel bacterial species 851:875 a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp 851:949 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 2 27 dep wasps 248:252 arg1 vulgaris 263:270 Vespula vulgaris 255:270 Vespula vulgaris 255:270 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 2 28 dep Gram-stain-positive 103:121 arg1 coccus-shaped 171:183 coccus-shaped 171:183 coccus-shaped 171:183 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 2 28 dep Gram-stain-positive 103:121 arg1 catalase-negative 124:140 catalase-negative 124:140 catalase-negative 124:140 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 2 28 dep Gram-stain-positive 103:121 arg1 anaerobic 157:165 anaerobic 157:165 anaerobic 157:165 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 4 29 theme Vagoccocus 924:933 arg1 sp 948:949 the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp 915:949 the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp 915:949 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 30 theme acid 740:743 arg1 profiles 745:752 cellular fatty acid profiles 725:752 cellular fatty acid profiles analysis 725:761 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 31 theme GTG 633:635 arg1 profiling 714:722 whole-cell protein profiling 695:722 whole-cell protein profiling 695:722 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 31 theme GTG 633:635 arg1 analysis 754:761 cellular fatty acid profiles analysis 725:761 cellular fatty acid profiles analysis 725:761 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 31 theme GTG 633:635 arg1 content 686:692 DNA G+C content 678:692 DNA G+C content 678:692 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 31 theme GTG 633:635 arg1 fingerprintings 643:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 31 theme GTG 633:635 arg1 biotyping 777:785 extensive biotyping 767:785 extensive biotyping 767:785 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 31 theme GTG 633:635 arg1 ribotyping 666:675 EcoRI ribotyping 660:675 EcoRI ribotyping 660:675 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 32 theme name 919:922 arg1 sp 948:949 the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp 915:949 the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp 915:949 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 33 theme fatty 734:738 arg1 profiles 745:752 cellular fatty acid profiles 725:752 cellular fatty acid profiles analysis 725:761 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 3 34 theme closest 443:449 arg1 neighbour 464:472 the closest phylogenetic neighbour 439:472 the closest phylogenetic neighbour 439:472 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 4 35 theme 5-PCR 637:641 arg1 profiling 714:722 whole-cell protein profiling 695:722 whole-cell protein profiling 695:722 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 35 theme 5-PCR 637:641 arg1 analysis 754:761 cellular fatty acid profiles analysis 725:761 cellular fatty acid profiles analysis 725:761 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 35 theme 5-PCR 637:641 arg1 content 686:692 DNA G+C content 678:692 DNA G+C content 678:692 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 35 theme 5-PCR 637:641 arg1 fingerprintings 643:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 35 theme 5-PCR 637:641 arg1 biotyping 777:785 extensive biotyping 767:785 extensive biotyping 767:785 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 35 theme 5-PCR 637:641 arg1 ribotyping 666:675 EcoRI ribotyping 660:675 EcoRI ribotyping 660:675 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 2 36 theme digestive 228:236 arg1 tracts 238:243 the digestive tracts 224:243 the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris) 224:271 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 3 37 theme % 412:412 arg1 similarity 423:432 96.2% sequence similarity 408:432 96.2% sequence similarity 408:432 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 1 38 dep nov. 28:31 arg1 vulgaris 78:85 Vespula vulgaris 70:85 Vespula vulgaris 70:85 nov., from the digestive tract of a wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 4 39 theme pheS 511:514 arg1 sequences 521:529 pheS gene sequences 511:529 pheS gene sequences 511:529 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 6 40 dep VOSTP2 989:994 arg1 T 1027:1027 T 1027:1027 T 1027:1027 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 6 40 dep VOSTP2 989:994 arg1 7946 1022:1025  = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946 1000:1025  = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T) 1000:1028 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 4 41 theme investigated 806:817 arg1 strains 819:825 the investigated strains 802:825 the investigated strains 802:825 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 41 theme investigated 806:817 arg1 representatives 832:846 representatives 832:846 representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp 832:949 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 3 42 theme 16S 286:288 arg1 sequences 300:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 6 43 theme type 974:977 arg1 VOSTP2 989:994 VOSTP2 989:994 VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)) 989:1029 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 6 43 theme type 974:977 arg1 strain 979:984 The type strain 970:984 The type strain 970:984 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 4 44 theme whole-cell 695:704 arg1 fingerprintings 643:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 44 theme whole-cell 695:704 arg1 profiling 714:722 whole-cell protein profiling 695:722 whole-cell protein profiling 695:722 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 3 45 theme rRNA 290:293 arg1 sequences 300:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 4 46 theme EcoRI 660:664 arg1 fingerprintings 643:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 46 theme EcoRI 660:664 arg1 ribotyping 666:675 EcoRI ribotyping 660:675 EcoRI ribotyping 660:675 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 47 theme gene 516:519 arg1 sequences 521:529 pheS gene sequences 511:529 pheS gene sequences 511:529 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 2 48 theme bacteria 196:203 arg1 strains 185:191 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains 89:191 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria 89:203 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 3 49 contain had 338:340 arg1 strains 330:336 these strains 324:336 these strains 324:336 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 3 49 contain had 338:340 arg2 sequences 352:360 identical sequences 342:360 identical sequences 342:360 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 3 50 theme phylogenetic 451:462 arg1 neighbour 464:472 the closest phylogenetic neighbour 439:472 the closest phylogenetic neighbour 439:472 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. 24174220 4 51 theme phenotypic 598:607 arg1 characterization 609:624 genotypic and phenotypic characterization 584:624 genotypic and phenotypic characterization 584:624 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 2 52 theme wasps 248:252 arg1 tracts 238:243 the digestive tracts 224:243 the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris) 224:271 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 4 53 theme protein 706:712 arg1 fingerprintings 643:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 53 theme protein 706:712 arg1 profiling 714:722 whole-cell protein profiling 695:722 whole-cell protein profiling 695:722 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 6 54 theme  = DSM 1000:1005 arg1 T 1027:1027 T 1027:1027 T 1027:1027 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 6 54 theme  = DSM 1000:1005 arg1 7946 1022:1025  = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946 1000:1025  = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T) 1000:1028 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 6 55 theme  = CCM 1015:1020 arg1 T 1027:1027 T 1027:1027 T 1027:1027 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 6 55 theme  = CCM 1015:1020 arg1 7946 1022:1025  = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946 1000:1025  = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T) 1000:1028 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 4 56 theme DNA 678:680 arg1 content 686:692 DNA G+C content 678:692 DNA G+C content 678:692 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 56 theme DNA 678:680 arg1 fingerprintings 643:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings 632:657 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 4 57 theme genotypic 584:592 arg1 characterization 609:624 genotypic and phenotypic characterization 584:624 genotypic and phenotypic characterization 584:624 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 24174220 2 58 theme unknown 95:101 arg1 strains 185:191 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains 89:191 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria 89:203 Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). 24174220 6 59 theme 24756 1007:1011 arg1 T 1027:1027 T 1027:1027 T 1027:1027 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 6 59 theme 24756 1007:1011 arg1 7946 1022:1025  = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946 1000:1025  = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T) 1000:1028 The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)). 24174220 4 60 theme characterization 609:624 arg1 representatives 534:548 representatives 534:548 representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping 534:785 Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. 28033396 2 0 with infection 383:391 arg1 pathogens 398:406 pathogens 398:406 pathogens 398:406 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 0 with infection 383:391 arg1 parasites 412:420 parasites 412:420 parasites 412:420 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 7 1 theme offspring 1505:1513 arg1 traits 1495:1500 the life history traits 1478:1500 the life history traits of offspring 1478:1513 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 6 2 theme history 1201:1207 arg1 traits 1209:1214 shaping within-generation life history traits 1170:1214 shaping within-generation life history traits 1170:1214 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 2 theme history 1201:1207 arg1 activity 1273:1280 phenoloxidase activity 1259:1280 phenoloxidase activity 1259:1280 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 2 theme history 1201:1207 arg1 weight 1233:1238 pupal weight 1227:1238 pupal weight 1227:1238 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 2 theme history 1201:1207 arg1 weight 1247:1252 adult weight 1241:1252 adult weight 1241:1252 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 4 3 theme Previous 582:589 arg1 studies 591:597 Previous studies 582:597 Previous studies 582:597 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 7 4 theme life 1482:1485 arg1 traits 1495:1500 the life history traits 1478:1500 the life history traits of offspring 1478:1513 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 4 5 theme parental 838:845 arg1 diet 847:850 parental diet 838:850 parental diet 838:850 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 6 6 theme within-generation 1178:1194 arg1 traits 1209:1214 shaping within-generation life history traits 1170:1214 shaping within-generation life history traits 1170:1214 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 6 theme within-generation 1178:1194 arg1 activity 1273:1280 phenoloxidase activity 1259:1280 phenoloxidase activity 1259:1280 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 6 theme within-generation 1178:1194 arg1 weight 1233:1238 pupal weight 1227:1238 pupal weight 1227:1238 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 6 theme within-generation 1178:1194 arg1 weight 1247:1252 adult weight 1241:1252 adult weight 1241:1252 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 7 theme phenoloxidase 1259:1271 arg1 activity 1273:1280 phenoloxidase activity 1259:1280 phenoloxidase activity 1259:1280 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 5 8 from effects 998:1004 arg1 traits 1022:1027 life history traits 1009:1027 life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1009:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 2 9 with temperature 423:433 arg1 pathogens 398:406 pathogens 398:406 pathogens 398:406 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 9 with temperature 423:433 arg1 parasites 412:420 parasites 412:420 parasites 412:420 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 10 theme different 316:324 arg1 temperature 423:433 temperature 423:433 temperature 423:433 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 10 theme different 316:324 arg1 infection 383:391 infection 383:391 infection with pathogens and parasites 383:420 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 10 theme different 316:324 arg1 exposure 373:380 toxin exposure 367:380 toxin exposure 367:380 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 10 theme different 316:324 arg1 quality 444:450 food quality 439:450 food quality 439:450 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 10 theme different 316:324 arg1 components 326:335 many different components 311:335 many different components 311:335 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 9 11 theme important 1715:1723 arg1 implications 1725:1736 important implications 1715:1736 important implications for the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest 1715:1795 This has important implications for the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest. 28033396 7 12 theme P. 1406:1407 arg1 interpunctella 1409:1422 P. interpunctella 1406:1422 P. interpunctella 1406:1422 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 0 13 theme Plodia 120:125 arg1 interpunctella 127:140 the Moth Plodia interpunctella 111:140 the Moth Plodia interpunctella 111:140 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 14 from traits 1022:1027 arg1 pest 1060:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 14 from traits 1022:1027 arg1 interpunctella 1094:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 1 15 theme important 206:214 arg1 role 216:219 an important role 203:219 an important role 203:219 It is increasingly clear that parental environment can play an important role in determining offspring phenotype. 28033396 5 16 theme meal 1077:1080 arg1 pest 1060:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 16 theme meal 1077:1080 arg1 interpunctella 1094:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 2 17 with quality 444:450 arg1 pathogens 398:406 pathogens 398:406 pathogens 398:406 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 17 with quality 444:450 arg1 parasites 412:420 parasites 412:420 parasites 412:420 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 18 attach linked 301:306 arg1 quality 444:450 food quality 439:450 food quality 439:450 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 18 attach linked 301:306 arg1 components 326:335 many different components 311:335 many different components 311:335 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 18 attach linked 301:306 arg2 effects 282:288 These "transgenerational effects 257:288 These "transgenerational effects 257:288 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 18 attach linked 301:306 arg1 exposure 373:380 toxin exposure 367:380 toxin exposure 367:380 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 18 attach linked 301:306 arg1 temperature 423:433 temperature 423:433 temperature 423:433 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 18 attach linked 301:306 arg1 infection 383:391 infection 383:391 infection with pathogens and parasites 383:420 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 9 19 theme plastic 1746:1752 arg1 biology 1754:1760 the plastic biology 1742:1760 the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest 1742:1795 This has important implications for the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest. 28033396 6 20 theme maternal 1312:1319 arg1 weight 1321:1326 maternal weight 1312:1326 maternal weight on fecundity 1312:1339 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 5 21 theme stored 1045:1050 arg1 pest 1060:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 21 theme stored 1045:1050 arg1 interpunctella 1094:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 7 22 theme within-generation 1362:1378 arg1 effects 1380:1386 these clear within-generation effects 1350:1386 these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella 1350:1422 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 6 23 theme pupal 1227:1231 arg1 weight 1233:1238 pupal weight 1227:1238 pupal weight 1227:1238 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 2 24 theme transgenerational 264:280 arg1 effects 282:288 These "transgenerational effects 257:288 These "transgenerational effects 257:288 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 3 25 dep quantity 520:527 arg1 the 516:518 the 516:518 the 516:518 In this study, we focus on the latter, asking how variation in the quantity and quality of nutrition affects future generations. 28033396 9 26 theme successful 1770:1779 arg1 pest 1792:1795 this successful generalist pest 1765:1795 this successful generalist pest 1765:1795 This has important implications for the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest. 28033396 0 27 from Traits 101:106 arg1 interpunctella 127:140 the Moth Plodia interpunctella 111:140 the Moth Plodia interpunctella 111:140 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 4 28 theme within-generation 665:681 arg1 effects 683:689 the within-generation effects 661:689 the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits 661:750 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 0 29 theme Macronutrient 63:75 arg1 Content 77:83 Dietary Macronutrient Content 55:83 Dietary Macronutrient Content 55:83 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 30 theme macronutrient 886:898 arg1 content 900:906 total macronutrient content 880:906 total macronutrient content 880:906 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 8 31 theme high 1653:1656 arg1 variation 1658:1666 high variation 1653:1666 high variation in dietary macronutrient composition 1653:1703 P. interpunctella mothers were able to maintain their offspring quality, possibly at the expense of their own somatic condition, despite high variation in dietary macronutrient composition. 28033396 9 32 theme pest 1792:1795 arg1 biology 1754:1760 the plastic biology 1742:1760 the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest 1742:1795 This has important implications for the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest. 28033396 0 33 from Within- 0:6 arg1 Content 77:83 Dietary Macronutrient Content 55:83 Dietary Macronutrient Content 55:83 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 0 33 from Within- 0:6 arg1 Traits 101:106 Life-History Traits 88:106 Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella 88:140 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 34 theme Plodia 1087:1092 arg1 pest 1060:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 34 theme Plodia 1087:1092 arg1 interpunctella 1094:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 7 35 theme transgenerational 1449:1465 arg1 effects 1467:1473 no transgenerational effects 1446:1473 no transgenerational effects 1446:1473 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 5 36 theme trans-generational 979:996 arg1 effects 998:1004 trans-generational effects 979:1004 trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 979:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 6 37 contain had 1287:1289 arg1 important 1156:1164 important 1156:1164 important 1156:1164 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 37 contain had 1287:1289 arg1 composition 1128:1138 The macronutrient composition 1110:1138 The macronutrient composition of the diet 1110:1150 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 37 contain had 1287:1289 arg2 effects 1300:1306 indirect effects 1291:1306 indirect effects 1291:1306 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 4 38 theme life 732:735 arg1 traits 745:750 life history traits 732:750 life history traits 732:750 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 5 39 used used 946:949 arg2 ratios 934:939 carbohydrate ratios 921:939 carbohydrate ratios 921:939 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 9 40 contain has 1711:1713 arg1 This 1706:1709 This 1706:1709 This 1706:1709 This has important implications for the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest. 28033396 9 40 contain has 1711:1713 arg2 implications 1725:1736 important implications 1715:1736 important implications for the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest 1715:1795 This has important implications for the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest. 28033396 0 41 theme Trans-Generational 12:29 arg1 Effects 31:37 Trans-Generational Effects 12:37 Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella 12:140 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 42 theme Synthetic 853:861 arg1 diets 863:867 Synthetic diets 853:867 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 853:1108 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 7 43 contain had 1442:1444 arg2 effects 1467:1473 no transgenerational effects 1446:1473 no transgenerational effects 1446:1473 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 7 43 contain had 1442:1444 arg1 composition 1430:1440 diet composition 1425:1440 diet composition 1425:1440 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 4 44 theme effects 827:833 arg1 investigations 787:800 investigations 787:800 investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet 787:850 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 6 45 from weight 1321:1326 arg1 fecundity 1331:1339 fecundity 1331:1339 fecundity 1331:1339 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 8 46 theme P. 1516:1517 arg1 mothers 1534:1540 P. interpunctella mothers 1516:1540 P. interpunctella mothers 1516:1540 P. interpunctella mothers were able to maintain their offspring quality, possibly at the expense of their own somatic condition, despite high variation in dietary macronutrient composition. 28033396 5 47 theme generalist 1034:1043 arg1 pest 1060:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 47 theme generalist 1034:1043 arg1 interpunctella 1094:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 6 48 theme macronutrient 1114:1126 arg1 important 1156:1164 important 1156:1164 important 1156:1164 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 48 theme macronutrient 1114:1126 arg1 composition 1128:1138 The macronutrient composition 1110:1138 The macronutrient composition of the diet 1110:1150 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 4 49 from variation 694:702 arg1 content 721:727 macronutrient content 707:727 macronutrient content 707:727 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 5 50 theme history 1014:1020 arg1 traits 1022:1027 life history traits 1009:1027 life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1009:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 8 51 theme own 1622:1624 arg1 condition 1634:1642 their own somatic condition 1616:1642 their own somatic condition 1616:1642 P. interpunctella mothers were able to maintain their offspring quality, possibly at the expense of their own somatic condition, despite high variation in dietary macronutrient composition. 28033396 6 52 theme indirect 1291:1298 arg1 effects 1300:1306 indirect effects 1291:1306 indirect effects 1291:1306 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 2 53 theme toxin 367:371 arg1 exposure 373:380 toxin exposure 367:380 toxin exposure 367:380 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 4 54 from effects 683:689 arg1 traits 745:750 life history traits 732:750 life history traits 732:750 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 4 54 from effects 683:689 arg1 content 721:727 macronutrient content 707:727 macronutrient content 707:727 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 7 55 theme history 1487:1493 arg1 traits 1495:1500 the life history traits 1478:1500 the life history traits of offspring 1478:1513 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 8 56 theme condition 1634:1642 arg1 expense 1605:1611 the expense 1601:1611 the expense of their own somatic condition 1601:1642 P. interpunctella mothers were able to maintain their offspring quality, possibly at the expense of their own somatic condition, despite high variation in dietary macronutrient composition. 28033396 5 57 from within- 967:973 arg1 traits 1022:1027 life history traits 1009:1027 life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1009:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 6 58 theme life 1196:1199 arg1 traits 1209:1214 shaping within-generation life history traits 1170:1214 shaping within-generation life history traits 1170:1214 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 58 theme life 1196:1199 arg1 activity 1273:1280 phenoloxidase activity 1259:1280 phenoloxidase activity 1259:1280 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 58 theme life 1196:1199 arg1 weight 1233:1238 pupal weight 1227:1238 pupal weight 1227:1238 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 58 theme life 1196:1199 arg1 weight 1247:1252 adult weight 1241:1252 adult weight 1241:1252 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 3 59 from variation 503:511 arg1 quantity 520:527 quantity 520:527 quantity 520:527 In this study, we focus on the latter, asking how variation in the quantity and quality of nutrition affects future generations. 28033396 3 59 from variation 503:511 arg1 quality 533:539 quality 533:539 quality 533:539 In this study, we focus on the latter, asking how variation in the quantity and quality of nutrition affects future generations. 28033396 1 60 theme parental 173:180 arg1 environment 182:192 parental environment 173:192 parental environment 173:192 It is increasingly clear that parental environment can play an important role in determining offspring phenotype. 28033396 6 61 theme shaping 1170:1176 arg1 traits 1209:1214 shaping within-generation life history traits 1170:1214 shaping within-generation life history traits 1170:1214 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 61 theme shaping 1170:1176 arg1 activity 1273:1280 phenoloxidase activity 1259:1280 phenoloxidase activity 1259:1280 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 61 theme shaping 1170:1176 arg1 weight 1233:1238 pupal weight 1227:1238 pupal weight 1227:1238 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 61 theme shaping 1170:1176 arg1 weight 1247:1252 adult weight 1241:1252 adult weight 1241:1252 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 4 62 theme useful 638:643 arg1 tool 645:648 a useful tool 636:648 a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits 636:750 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 4 62 theme useful 638:643 arg1 diets 626:630 artificial diets 615:630 artificial diets 615:630 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 3 63 theme nutrition 544:552 arg1 quantity 520:527 quantity 520:527 quantity 520:527 In this study, we focus on the latter, asking how variation in the quantity and quality of nutrition affects future generations. 28033396 3 63 theme nutrition 544:552 arg1 quality 533:539 quality 533:539 quality 533:539 In this study, we focus on the latter, asking how variation in the quantity and quality of nutrition affects future generations. 28033396 4 64 theme diet 847:850 arg1 effects 827:833 the transgenerational effects 805:833 the transgenerational effects of parental diet 805:850 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 7 65 theme diet 1425:1428 arg1 composition 1430:1440 diet composition 1425:1440 diet composition 1425:1440 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 4 66 theme transgenerational 809:825 arg1 effects 827:833 the transgenerational effects 805:833 the transgenerational effects of parental diet 805:850 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 2 67 theme many 311:314 arg1 temperature 423:433 temperature 423:433 temperature 423:433 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 67 theme many 311:314 arg1 infection 383:391 infection 383:391 infection with pathogens and parasites 383:420 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 67 theme many 311:314 arg1 exposure 373:380 toxin exposure 367:380 toxin exposure 367:380 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 67 theme many 311:314 arg1 quality 444:450 food quality 439:450 food quality 439:450 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 67 theme many 311:314 arg1 components 326:335 many different components 311:335 many different components 311:335 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 6 68 theme diet 1147:1150 arg1 important 1156:1164 important 1156:1164 important 1156:1164 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 6 68 theme diet 1147:1150 arg1 composition 1128:1138 The macronutrient composition 1110:1138 The macronutrient composition of the diet 1110:1150 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 4 69 theme artificial 615:624 arg1 tool 645:648 a useful tool 636:648 a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits 636:750 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 4 69 theme artificial 615:624 arg1 diets 626:630 artificial diets 615:630 artificial diets 615:630 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 5 70 theme Indian 1070:1075 arg1 pest 1060:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 70 theme Indian 1070:1075 arg1 interpunctella 1094:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 0 71 from Content 77:83 arg1 Within- 0:6 Within- 0:6 Within- 0:6 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 0 71 from Content 77:83 arg1 Effects 31:37 Trans-Generational Effects 12:37 Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella 12:140 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 6 72 theme adult 1241:1245 arg1 weight 1247:1252 adult weight 1241:1252 adult weight 1241:1252 The macronutrient composition of the diet was important for shaping within-generation life history traits, including pupal weight, adult weight, and phenoloxidase activity, and had indirect effects via maternal weight on fecundity. 28033396 5 73 theme moth 1082:1085 arg1 pest 1060:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 73 theme moth 1082:1085 arg1 interpunctella 1094:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 3 74 theme future 562:567 arg1 generations 569:579 future generations 562:579 future generations 562:579 In this study, we focus on the latter, asking how variation in the quantity and quality of nutrition affects future generations. 28033396 8 75 theme interpunctella 1519:1532 arg1 mothers 1534:1540 P. interpunctella mothers 1516:1540 P. interpunctella mothers 1516:1540 P. interpunctella mothers were able to maintain their offspring quality, possibly at the expense of their own somatic condition, despite high variation in dietary macronutrient composition. 28033396 4 76 theme variation 694:702 arg1 effects 683:689 the within-generation effects 661:689 the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits 661:750 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 5 77 theme product 1052:1058 arg1 pest 1060:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 a generalist stored product pest 1032:1063 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 77 theme product 1052:1058 arg1 interpunctella 1094:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1066:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 78 theme carbohydrate 921:932 arg1 ratios 934:939 carbohydrate ratios 921:939 carbohydrate ratios 921:939 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 4 79 theme macronutrient 707:719 arg1 content 721:727 macronutrient content 707:727 macronutrient content 707:727 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 5 80 theme total 880:884 arg1 content 900:906 total macronutrient content 880:906 total macronutrient content 880:906 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 9 81 theme generalist 1781:1790 arg1 pest 1792:1795 this successful generalist pest 1765:1795 this successful generalist pest 1765:1795 This has important implications for the plastic biology of this successful generalist pest. 28033396 0 82 from Effects 31:37 arg1 Content 77:83 Dietary Macronutrient Content 55:83 Dietary Macronutrient Content 55:83 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 0 82 from Effects 31:37 arg1 Traits 101:106 Life-History Traits 88:106 Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella 88:140 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 7 83 theme clear 1356:1360 arg1 effects 1380:1386 these clear within-generation effects 1350:1386 these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella 1350:1422 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 0 84 theme Life-History 88:99 arg1 Traits 101:106 Life-History Traits 88:106 Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella 88:140 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 7 85 theme interpunctella 1409:1422 arg1 biology 1395:1401 the biology 1391:1401 the biology of P. interpunctella 1391:1422 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 0 86 theme Moth 115:118 arg1 interpunctella 127:140 the Moth Plodia interpunctella 111:140 the Moth Plodia interpunctella 111:140 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 0 87 from Variation 42:50 arg1 Content 77:83 Dietary Macronutrient Content 55:83 Dietary Macronutrient Content 55:83 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 8 88 from variation 1658:1666 arg1 composition 1693:1703 dietary macronutrient composition 1671:1703 dietary macronutrient composition 1671:1703 P. interpunctella mothers were able to maintain their offspring quality, possibly at the expense of their own somatic condition, despite high variation in dietary macronutrient composition. 28033396 7 89 from effects 1380:1386 arg1 biology 1395:1401 the biology 1391:1401 the biology of P. interpunctella 1391:1422 Despite these clear within-generation effects on the biology of P. interpunctella, diet composition had no transgenerational effects on the life history traits of offspring. 28033396 8 90 theme offspring 1570:1578 arg1 quality 1580:1586 their offspring quality 1564:1586 their offspring quality 1564:1586 P. interpunctella mothers were able to maintain their offspring quality, possibly at the expense of their own somatic condition, despite high variation in dietary macronutrient composition. 28033396 2 91 theme food 439:442 arg1 quality 444:450 food quality 439:450 food quality 439:450 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 4 92 theme history 737:743 arg1 traits 745:750 life history traits 732:750 life history traits 732:750 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 0 93 theme Variation 42:50 arg1 Within- 0:6 Within- 0:6 Within- 0:6 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 0 93 theme Variation 42:50 arg1 Effects 31:37 Trans-Generational Effects 12:37 Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella 12:140 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 8 94 theme dietary 1671:1677 arg1 composition 1693:1703 dietary macronutrient composition 1671:1703 dietary macronutrient composition 1671:1703 P. interpunctella mothers were able to maintain their offspring quality, possibly at the expense of their own somatic condition, despite high variation in dietary macronutrient composition. 28033396 0 95 theme Dietary 55:61 arg1 Content 77:83 Dietary Macronutrient Content 55:83 Dietary Macronutrient Content 55:83 Within- and Trans-Generational Effects of Variation in Dietary Macronutrient Content on Life-History Traits in the Moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 5 96 dep diets 863:867 arg1 used 946:949 used 946:949 were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 941:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 2 97 theme environment 344:354 arg1 temperature 423:433 temperature 423:433 temperature 423:433 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 97 theme environment 344:354 arg1 infection 383:391 infection 383:391 infection with pathogens and parasites 383:420 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 97 theme environment 344:354 arg1 exposure 373:380 toxin exposure 367:380 toxin exposure 367:380 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 97 theme environment 344:354 arg1 quality 444:450 food quality 439:450 food quality 439:450 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 97 theme environment 344:354 arg1 components 326:335 many different components 311:335 many different components 311:335 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 4 98 from content 721:727 arg1 effects 683:689 the within-generation effects 661:689 the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits 661:750 Previous studies have shown that artificial diets are a useful tool to examine the within-generation effects of variation in macronutrient content on life history traits, and could therefore be applied to investigations of the transgenerational effects of parental diet. 28033396 8 99 theme macronutrient 1679:1691 arg1 composition 1693:1703 dietary macronutrient composition 1671:1703 dietary macronutrient composition 1671:1703 P. interpunctella mothers were able to maintain their offspring quality, possibly at the expense of their own somatic condition, despite high variation in dietary macronutrient composition. 28033396 1 100 theme offspring 236:244 arg1 phenotype 246:254 offspring phenotype 236:254 offspring phenotype 236:254 It is increasingly clear that parental environment can play an important role in determining offspring phenotype. 28033396 2 101 with exposure 373:380 arg1 pathogens 398:406 pathogens 398:406 pathogens 398:406 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 2 101 with exposure 373:380 arg1 parasites 412:420 parasites 412:420 parasites 412:420 These "transgenerational effects" have been linked to many different components of the environment, including toxin exposure, infection with pathogens and parasites, temperature and food quality. 28033396 5 102 theme life 1009:1012 arg1 traits 1022:1027 life history traits 1009:1027 life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella 1009:1107 Synthetic diets varying in total macronutrient content and protein: carbohydrate ratios were used to examine both within- and trans-generational effects on life history traits in a generalist stored product pest, the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella. 28033396 8 103 theme somatic 1626:1632 arg1 condition 1634:1642 their own somatic condition 1616:1642 their own somatic condition 1616:1642 P. interpunctella mothers were able to maintain their offspring quality, possibly at the expense of their own somatic condition, despite high variation in dietary macronutrient composition. 26362341 9 0 theme LPS-induced 1415:1425 arg1 neuroinflammation 1427:1443 LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1415:1443 LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1415:1443 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 1 1 theme Wistar 218:223 arg1 rats 230:233 Wistar male rats 218:233 Wistar male rats aged 3 months 218:247 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 2 2 theme cholesterol 391:401 arg1 content 355:361 the content 351:361 the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM 351:427 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 1 3 theme lipopolysaccharide 151:168 arg1 effects 122:128 The effects 118:128 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months 118:247 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 1 4 theme male 225:228 arg1 rats 230:233 Wistar male rats 218:233 Wistar male rats aged 3 months 218:247 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 2 5 from content 355:361 arg1 RHM 425:427 RHM 425:427 RHM 425:427 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 9 6 with rats 1405:1408 arg1 neuroinflammation 1427:1443 LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1415:1443 LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1415:1443 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 0 7 with Rats 77:80 arg1 Neuroinflammation 99:115 LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 87:115 LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 87:115 Ouabain Modulates the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation. 26362341 3 8 theme protein 453:459 arg1 contents 477:484 The total protein and cholesterol contents 443:484 The total protein and cholesterol contents of RHM 443:491 The total protein and cholesterol contents of RHM were not significantly affected by OUA or LPS for the experimentally paired groups. 26362341 1 9 theme rats 230:233 arg1 RHM 210:212 RHM 210:212 RHM 210:212 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 1 9 theme rats 230:233 arg1 membranes 199:207 hippocampal membranes 187:207 hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months 187:247 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 0 10 theme LPS-induced 87:97 arg1 Neuroinflammation 99:115 LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 87:115 LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 87:115 Ouabain Modulates the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation. 26362341 9 11 from rats 1405:1408 arg1 membranes 1390:1398 hippocampal plasma membranes 1371:1398 hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1371:1443 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 9 11 from rats 1405:1408 arg1 composition 1356:1366 the lipid composition 1346:1366 the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1346:1443 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 1 12 theme aged 235:238 arg1 rats 230:233 Wistar male rats 218:233 Wistar male rats aged 3 months 218:247 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 8 13 with treatment 1059:1067 arg1 OUA 1074:1076 OUA 1074:1076 OUA 1074:1076 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 8 14 theme hippocampal 1116:1126 arg1 membranes 1128:1136 hippocampal membranes 1116:1136 hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats 1116:1158 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 8 15 theme acute 1053:1057 arg1 treatment 1059:1067 an acute treatment 1050:1067 an acute treatment with OUA 1050:1076 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 8 15 theme acute 1053:1057 arg1 able 1185:1188 able 1185:1188 able 1185:1188 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 5 16 theme total 753:757 arg1 gangliosides 759:770 the total gangliosides 749:770 the total gangliosides (approximately 40 %) 749:791 LPS reduced the total phospholipids (roughly 23 %) and increased the total gangliosides (approximately 40 %). 26362341 5 16 theme total 753:757 arg1 % 790:790 approximately 40 % 773:790 approximately 40 % 773:790 LPS reduced the total phospholipids (roughly 23 %) and increased the total gangliosides (approximately 40 %). 26362341 0 17 theme Hippocampal 43:53 arg1 Membranes 62:70 Hippocampal Plasma Membranes 43:70 Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 43:115 Ouabain Modulates the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation. 26362341 7 18 theme total 968:972 arg1 phospholipids 974:986 the total phospholipids 964:986 the total phospholipids 964:986 OUA pretreatment compensated the LPS-induced changes, preserving the total phospholipids and gangliosides around the same levels of the control. 26362341 3 19 theme total 447:451 arg1 protein 453:459 total protein 447:459 total protein 447:459 The total protein and cholesterol contents of RHM were not significantly affected by OUA or LPS for the experimentally paired groups. 26362341 9 20 from composition 1356:1366 arg1 rats 1405:1408 rats 1405:1408 rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1405:1443 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 9 21 theme OUA 1323:1325 arg1 capacity 1327:1334 the OUA capacity 1319:1334 the OUA capacity 1319:1334 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 0 22 from Composition 28:38 arg1 Rats 77:80 Rats 77:80 Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 77:115 Ouabain Modulates the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation. 26362341 8 23 theme LPS-induced 1240:1250 arg1 neuroinflammation 1252:1268 LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1240:1268 LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1240:1268 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 9 24 theme lipid 1350:1354 arg1 composition 1356:1366 the lipid composition 1346:1366 the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1346:1443 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 1 25 from effects 122:128 arg1 RHM 210:212 RHM 210:212 RHM 210:212 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 1 25 from effects 122:128 arg1 membranes 199:207 hippocampal membranes 187:207 hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months 187:247 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 2 26 theme intraperitoneal 270:284 arg1 injection 293:301 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 270:301 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline 270:348 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 3 27 theme paired 562:567 arg1 groups 569:574 the experimentally paired groups 543:574 the experimentally paired groups 543:574 The total protein and cholesterol contents of RHM were not significantly affected by OUA or LPS for the experimentally paired groups. 26362341 0 28 theme Lipid 22:26 arg1 Composition 28:38 the Lipid Composition 18:38 the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 18:115 Ouabain Modulates the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation. 26362341 7 29 theme LPS-induced 932:942 arg1 changes 944:950 the LPS-induced changes 928:950 the LPS-induced changes 928:950 OUA pretreatment compensated the LPS-induced changes, preserving the total phospholipids and gangliosides around the same levels of the control. 26362341 8 30 from rats 1155:1158 arg1 composition 1101:1111 the composition 1097:1111 the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats 1097:1158 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 8 30 from rats 1155:1158 arg1 membranes 1128:1136 hippocampal membranes 1116:1136 hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats 1116:1158 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 3 31 theme cholesterol 465:475 arg1 contents 477:484 The total protein and cholesterol contents 443:484 The total protein and cholesterol contents of RHM 443:491 The total protein and cholesterol contents of RHM were not significantly affected by OUA or LPS for the experimentally paired groups. 26362341 2 32 theme saline 343:348 arg1 injection 293:301 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 270:301 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline 270:348 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 3 33 theme RHM 489:491 arg1 contents 477:484 The total protein and cholesterol contents 443:484 The total protein and cholesterol contents of RHM 443:491 The total protein and cholesterol contents of RHM were not significantly affected by OUA or LPS for the experimentally paired groups. 26362341 2 34 theme OUA 306:308 arg1 injection 293:301 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 270:301 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline 270:348 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 4 35 theme total 590:594 arg1 phospholipids 596:608 total phospholipids 590:608 total phospholipids 590:608 In contrast, total phospholipids and gangliosides were strongly modulated by either OUA or LPS treatments. 26362341 9 36 theme plasma 1383:1388 arg1 membranes 1390:1398 hippocampal plasma membranes 1371:1398 hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1371:1443 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 0 37 from Rats 77:80 arg1 Membranes 62:70 Hippocampal Plasma Membranes 43:70 Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 43:115 Ouabain Modulates the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation. 26362341 0 37 from Rats 77:80 arg1 Composition 28:38 the Lipid Composition 18:38 the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 18:115 Ouabain Modulates the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation. 26362341 1 38 theme hippocampal 187:197 arg1 RHM 210:212 RHM 210:212 RHM 210:212 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 1 38 theme hippocampal 187:197 arg1 membranes 199:207 hippocampal membranes 187:207 hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months 187:247 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 2 39 theme phospholipids 376:388 arg1 content 355:361 the content 351:361 the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM 351:427 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 6 40 theme total 865:869 arg1 gangliosides 871:882 the total gangliosides 861:882 the total phospholipids (around 23 %) and also the total gangliosides (nearly 34 %) 814:896 OUA alone increased the total phospholipids (around 23 %) and also the total gangliosides (nearly 34 %). 26362341 6 40 theme total 865:869 arg1 % 895:895 nearly 34 % 885:895 nearly 34 % 885:895 OUA alone increased the total phospholipids (around 23 %) and also the total gangliosides (nearly 34 %). 26362341 8 41 theme 3-month-old 1143:1153 arg1 rats 1155:1158 3-month-old rats 1143:1158 3-month-old rats 1143:1158 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 5 42 theme total 700:704 arg1 phospholipids 706:718 the total phospholipids 696:718 the total phospholipids (roughly 23 %) 696:733 LPS reduced the total phospholipids (roughly 23 %) and increased the total gangliosides (approximately 40 %). 26362341 5 42 theme total 700:704 arg1 % 732:732 roughly 23 % 721:732 roughly 23 % 721:732 LPS reduced the total phospholipids (roughly 23 %) and increased the total gangliosides (approximately 40 %). 26362341 0 43 theme Plasma 55:60 arg1 Membranes 62:70 Hippocampal Plasma Membranes 43:70 Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 43:115 Ouabain Modulates the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation. 26362341 7 44 theme OUA 899:901 arg1 pretreatment 903:914 OUA pretreatment 899:914 OUA pretreatment 899:914 OUA pretreatment compensated the LPS-induced changes, preserving the total phospholipids and gangliosides around the same levels of the control. 26362341 0 45 theme Membranes 62:70 arg1 Composition 28:38 the Lipid Composition 18:38 the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation 18:115 Ouabain Modulates the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation. 26362341 8 46 from composition 1101:1111 arg1 rats 1155:1158 3-month-old rats 1143:1158 3-month-old rats 1143:1158 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 9 47 theme hippocampal 1371:1381 arg1 membranes 1390:1398 hippocampal plasma membranes 1371:1398 hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1371:1443 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 2 48 theme proteins 366:373 arg1 content 355:361 the content 351:361 the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM 351:427 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 1 49 dep rats 230:233 arg1 months 242:247 3 months 240:247 Wistar male rats aged 3 months 218:247 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 4 50 dep OUA 661:663 arg1 treatments 672:681 treatments 672:681 treatments 672:681 In contrast, total phospholipids and gangliosides were strongly modulated by either OUA or LPS treatments. 26362341 6 51 theme total 818:822 arg1 phospholipids 824:836 the total phospholipids 814:836 the total phospholipids (around 23 %) and also the total gangliosides (nearly 34 %) 814:896 OUA alone increased the total phospholipids (around 23 %) and also the total gangliosides (nearly 34 %). 26362341 2 52 from RHM 425:427 arg1 content 355:361 the content 351:361 the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM 351:427 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 2 52 from RHM 425:427 arg1 gangliosides 407:418 gangliosides 407:418 gangliosides 407:418 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 2 52 from RHM 425:427 arg1 cholesterol 391:401 cholesterol 391:401 cholesterol 391:401 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 2 52 from RHM 425:427 arg1 phospholipids 376:388 phospholipids 376:388 phospholipids 376:388 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 2 52 from RHM 425:427 arg1 proteins 366:373 proteins 366:373 proteins 366:373 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 7 53 theme same 1016:1019 arg1 levels 1021:1026 the same levels 1012:1026 the same levels of the control 1012:1041 OUA pretreatment compensated the LPS-induced changes, preserving the total phospholipids and gangliosides around the same levels of the control. 26362341 1 54 theme ouabain 133:139 arg1 effects 122:128 The effects 118:128 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months 118:247 The effects of ouabain (OUA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo on hippocampal membranes (RHM) of Wistar male rats aged 3 months were analyzed. 26362341 9 55 theme first 1303:1307 arg1 time 1309:1312 the first time 1299:1312 the first time 1299:1312 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 8 56 theme membrane 1204:1211 arg1 alterations 1213:1223 membrane alterations 1204:1223 membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1204:1268 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 2 57 dep intraperitoneal 270:284 arg1 i.p. 287:290 i.p. 287:290 i.p. 287:290 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 9 58 theme membranes 1390:1398 arg1 composition 1356:1366 the lipid composition 1346:1366 the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation 1346:1443 This study demonstrates for the first time that the OUA capacity modulates the lipid composition of hippocampal plasma membranes from rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 8 59 theme membranes 1128:1136 arg1 composition 1101:1111 the composition 1097:1111 the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats 1097:1158 Thus, an acute treatment with OUA not only modulated the composition of hippocampal membranes from 3-month-old rats, but also was apparently able to counteract membrane alterations resulting from LPS-induced neuroinflammation. 26362341 2 60 theme LPS 316:318 arg1 injection 293:301 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 270:301 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline 270:348 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 2 61 theme gangliosides 407:418 arg1 content 355:361 the content 351:361 the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM 351:427 After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OUA only, LPS only, OUA plus LPS, or saline, the content of proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from RHM was analyzed. 26362341 7 62 theme control 1035:1041 arg1 levels 1021:1026 the same levels 1012:1026 the same levels of the control 1012:1041 OUA pretreatment compensated the LPS-induced changes, preserving the total phospholipids and gangliosides around the same levels of the control. 27561469 4 0 used used 835:838 arg2 factors 650:656 The factors 646:656 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature 646:811 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 1 1 theme organic/inorganic 251:267 arg1 titania 295:301 titania 295:301 titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 295:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 1 1 theme organic/inorganic 251:267 arg1 nanocomposite 278:290 organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite 251:290 organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 251:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 2 2 theme SA 479:480 arg1 biopolymer 483:492 sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer 462:492 sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles 462:581 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 1 3 theme AA 373:374 arg1 acid 356:359 polyacrylic acid 344:359 polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 344:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 1 3 theme AA 373:374 arg1 -TiO2 376:380 SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2 362:380 SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2 362:380 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 6 4 theme correlation 1051:1061 arg1 coefficient 1063:1073 a correlation coefficient 1049:1073 a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations 1049:1117 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 1 5 theme hydrogel 269:276 arg1 titania 295:301 titania 295:301 titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 295:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 1 5 theme hydrogel 269:276 arg1 nanocomposite 278:290 organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite 251:290 organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 251:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 0 6 theme blue 119:122 arg1 methylene 109:117 methylene blue 109:122 methylene blue 109:122 Development of a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic superabsorbent composite hydrogel for adsorption of methylene blue. 27561469 4 7 theme initial 741:747 arg1 concentration 749:761 initial concentration 741:761 initial concentration of the dye 741:772 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 8 theme dye 726:728 arg1 solutions 730:738 the dye solutions 722:738 the dye solutions 722:738 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 0 9 theme methylene 109:117 arg1 adsorption 95:104 adsorption 95:104 adsorption of methylene blue 95:122 Development of a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic superabsorbent composite hydrogel for adsorption of methylene blue. 27561469 2 10 theme TiO2 564:567 arg1 nanoparticles 569:581 TiO2 nanoparticles 564:581 TiO2 nanoparticles 564:581 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 2 10 theme TiO2 564:567 arg1 agent 528:532 a crosslinking agent 513:532 a crosslinking agent 513:532 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 6 11 theme absorbent 1151:1159 arg1 efficiency 1133:1142 the high efficiency 1124:1142 the high efficiency of the absorbent 1124:1159 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 6 12 theme water 1222:1226 arg1 treatment 1228:1236 water treatment 1222:1236 water treatment 1222:1236 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 6 13 dep capacity 1014:1021 arg1 mg/g 1038:1041 mg/g 1038:1041 mg/g 1038:1041 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 6 13 dep capacity 1014:1021 arg1 Qmax=2257.36 1024:1035 Qmax=2257.36 1024:1035 Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g) 1024:1042 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 5 14 theme Langmuir 963:970 arg1 equation 981:988 Langmuir isotherm equation 963:988 Langmuir isotherm equation 963:988 The adsorption process concurs with a pseudo-second-order kinetics and with Langmuir isotherm equation. 27561469 1 15 theme blue 200:203 arg1 dye 219:221 methylene blue (MB) cationic dye 190:221 methylene blue (MB) cationic dye 190:221 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 1 16 theme titania 295:301 arg1 titania 295:301 titania 295:301 titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 295:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 1 16 theme titania 295:301 arg1 nanocomposite 278:290 organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite 251:290 organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 251:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 6 17 theme high 1128:1131 arg1 efficiency 1133:1142 the high efficiency 1124:1142 the high efficiency of the absorbent 1124:1159 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 0 18 theme sodium 17:22 arg1 organic/inorganic 39:55 a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic 15:55 a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic 15:55 Development of a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic superabsorbent composite hydrogel for adsorption of methylene blue. 27561469 4 19 theme solutions 730:738 arg1 temperature 801:811 temperature 801:811 temperature 801:811 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 19 theme solutions 730:738 arg1 amount 775:780 amount 775:780 amount of absorbents 775:794 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 19 theme solutions 730:738 arg1 pH 716:717 pH 716:717 pH of the dye solutions 716:738 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 19 theme solutions 730:738 arg1 concentration 749:761 initial concentration 741:761 initial concentration of the dye 741:772 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 19 theme solutions 730:738 arg1 absorbents 785:794 absorbents 785:794 absorbents 785:794 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 19 theme solutions 730:738 arg1 solutions 730:738 the dye solutions 722:738 the dye solutions 722:738 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 19 theme solutions 730:738 arg1 dye 770:772 the dye 766:772 the dye 766:772 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 20 theme absorbents 785:794 arg1 temperature 801:811 temperature 801:811 temperature 801:811 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 20 theme absorbents 785:794 arg1 amount 775:780 amount 775:780 amount of absorbents 775:794 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 20 theme absorbents 785:794 arg1 pH 716:717 pH 716:717 pH of the dye solutions 716:738 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 20 theme absorbents 785:794 arg1 concentration 749:761 initial concentration 741:761 initial concentration of the dye 741:772 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 20 theme absorbents 785:794 arg1 absorbents 785:794 absorbents 785:794 absorbents 785:794 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 20 theme absorbents 785:794 arg1 solutions 730:738 the dye solutions 722:738 the dye solutions 722:738 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 20 theme absorbents 785:794 arg1 dye 770:772 the dye 766:772 the dye 766:772 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 2 21 theme acrylic 439:445 arg1 AA 453:454 AA 453:454 AA 453:454 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 2 21 theme acrylic 439:445 arg1 acid 447:450 acrylic acid 439:450 acrylic acid (AA) 439:455 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 2 22 theme acid 447:450 arg1 copolymerization 419:434 graft copolymerization 413:434 graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles 413:581 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 1 23 theme sodium 316:321 arg1 alginate 323:330 sodium alginate 316:330 sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 316:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 1 24 theme Batch 125:129 arg1 experiments 142:152 Batch adsorption experiments 125:152 Batch adsorption experiments 125:152 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 6 25 theme 0.998 1078:1082 arg1 candidate 1192:1200 a good candidate 1185:1200 a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment 1185:1236 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 6 25 theme 0.998 1078:1082 arg1 coefficient 1063:1073 a correlation coefficient 1049:1073 a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations 1049:1117 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 6 25 theme 0.998 1078:1082 arg1 capacity 1014:1021 A very high adsorption capacity 991:1021 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) 991:1043 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 0 26 theme organic/inorganic 39:55 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic 0:55 Development of a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic superabsorbent composite hydrogel for adsorption of methylene blue. 27561469 6 27 theme isotherm 1100:1107 arg1 equations 1109:1117 isotherm equations 1100:1117 isotherm equations 1100:1117 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 2 28 theme agent 528:532 arg1 presence 501:508 the presence 497:508 the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles 497:581 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 3 29 theme 412.98g/g 635:643 arg1 capacity 623:630 a high swelling capacity 607:630 a high swelling capacity of 412.98g/g 607:643 The hydrogel exhibited a high swelling capacity of 412.98g/g. 27561469 1 30 dep blue 200:203 arg1 MB 206:207 MB 206:207 MB 206:207 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 1 31 theme cationic 210:217 arg1 dye 219:221 methylene blue (MB) cationic dye 190:221 methylene blue (MB) cationic dye 190:221 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 0 32 theme alginate-based 24:37 arg1 organic/inorganic 39:55 a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic 15:55 a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic 15:55 Development of a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic superabsorbent composite hydrogel for adsorption of methylene blue. 27561469 2 33 theme alginate 469:476 arg1 biopolymer 483:492 sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer 462:492 sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles 462:581 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 3 34 theme swelling 614:621 arg1 capacity 623:630 a high swelling capacity 607:630 a high swelling capacity of 412.98g/g 607:643 The hydrogel exhibited a high swelling capacity of 412.98g/g. 27561469 1 35 theme dye 219:221 arg1 removal 179:185 the removal 175:185 the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 175:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 0 36 theme composite 72:80 arg1 hydrogel 82:89 composite hydrogel 72:89 composite hydrogel for adsorption of methylene blue 72:122 Development of a sodium alginate-based organic/inorganic superabsorbent composite hydrogel for adsorption of methylene blue. 27561469 1 37 theme polyacrylic 344:354 arg1 acid 356:359 polyacrylic acid 344:359 polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 344:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 1 37 theme polyacrylic 344:354 arg1 -TiO2 376:380 SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2 362:380 SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2 362:380 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 1 38 from solution 236:243 arg1 removal 179:185 the removal 175:185 the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 175:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 2 39 from biopolymer 483:492 arg1 presence 501:508 the presence 497:508 the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles 497:581 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 6 40 theme good 1187:1190 arg1 candidate 1192:1200 a good candidate 1185:1200 a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment 1185:1236 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 6 40 theme good 1187:1190 arg1 capacity 1014:1021 A very high adsorption capacity 991:1021 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) 991:1043 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 4 41 theme adsorption 875:884 arg1 mechanism 862:870 a possible mechanism 851:870 a possible mechanism of adsorption 851:884 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 1 42 theme adsorption 131:140 arg1 experiments 142:152 Batch adsorption experiments 125:152 Batch adsorption experiments 125:152 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 2 43 theme crosslinking 515:526 arg1 initiator 550:558 a free radical initiator 535:558 a free radical initiator 535:558 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 2 43 theme crosslinking 515:526 arg1 agent 528:532 a crosslinking agent 513:532 a crosslinking agent 513:532 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 2 43 theme crosslinking 515:526 arg1 nanoparticles 569:581 TiO2 nanoparticles 564:581 TiO2 nanoparticles 564:581 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 4 44 theme possible 853:860 arg1 mechanism 862:870 a possible mechanism 851:870 a possible mechanism of adsorption 851:884 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 45 theme absorbents 697:706 arg1 capacity 681:688 adsorption capacity 670:688 adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature 670:811 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 2 46 theme radical 542:548 arg1 initiator 550:558 a free radical initiator 535:558 a free radical initiator 535:558 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 2 46 theme radical 542:548 arg1 agent 528:532 a crosslinking agent 513:532 a crosslinking agent 513:532 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 5 47 theme isotherm 972:979 arg1 equation 981:988 Langmuir isotherm equation 963:988 Langmuir isotherm equation 963:988 The adsorption process concurs with a pseudo-second-order kinetics and with Langmuir isotherm equation. 27561469 4 48 theme dye 770:772 arg1 temperature 801:811 temperature 801:811 temperature 801:811 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 48 theme dye 770:772 arg1 amount 775:780 amount 775:780 amount of absorbents 775:794 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 48 theme dye 770:772 arg1 pH 716:717 pH 716:717 pH of the dye solutions 716:738 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 48 theme dye 770:772 arg1 concentration 749:761 initial concentration 741:761 initial concentration of the dye 741:772 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 48 theme dye 770:772 arg1 absorbents 785:794 absorbents 785:794 absorbents 785:794 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 48 theme dye 770:772 arg1 solutions 730:738 the dye solutions 722:738 the dye solutions 722:738 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 4 48 theme dye 770:772 arg1 dye 770:772 the dye 766:772 the dye 766:772 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 27561469 6 49 theme adsorption 1003:1012 arg1 candidate 1192:1200 a good candidate 1185:1200 a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment 1185:1236 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 6 49 theme adsorption 1003:1012 arg1 capacity 1014:1021 A very high adsorption capacity 991:1021 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) 991:1043 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 5 50 theme adsorption 891:900 arg1 process 902:908 The adsorption process 887:908 The adsorption process 887:908 The adsorption process concurs with a pseudo-second-order kinetics and with Langmuir isotherm equation. 27561469 2 51 theme free 537:540 arg1 radical 542:548 a free radical 535:548 a free radical initiator 535:558 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 3 52 theme high 609:612 arg1 capacity 623:630 a high swelling capacity 607:630 a high swelling capacity of 412.98g/g 607:643 The hydrogel exhibited a high swelling capacity of 412.98g/g. 27561469 1 53 theme aqueous 228:234 arg1 solution 236:243 aqueous solution 228:243 aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 228:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 2 54 theme graft 413:417 arg1 copolymerization 419:434 graft copolymerization 413:434 graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles 413:581 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 5 55 theme pseudo-second-order 925:943 arg1 kinetics 945:952 a pseudo-second-order kinetics 923:952 a pseudo-second-order kinetics 923:952 The adsorption process concurs with a pseudo-second-order kinetics and with Langmuir isotherm equation. 27561469 6 56 theme high 998:1001 arg1 candidate 1192:1200 a good candidate 1185:1200 a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment 1185:1236 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 6 56 theme high 998:1001 arg1 capacity 1014:1021 A very high adsorption capacity 991:1021 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) 991:1043 A very high adsorption capacity (Qmax=2257.36 (mg/g)) and a correlation coefficient of 0.998 calculated from isotherm equations show the high efficiency of the absorbent and thus expected to be a good candidate as an absorbent for water treatment. 27561469 2 57 theme sodium 462:467 arg1 biopolymer 483:492 sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer 462:492 sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles 462:581 The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a free radical initiator and TiO2 nanoparticles. 27561469 1 58 theme SA-cl-poly 362:371 arg1 acid 356:359 polyacrylic acid 344:359 polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2) 344:381 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 1 58 theme SA-cl-poly 362:371 arg1 -TiO2 376:380 SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2 362:380 SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2 362:380 Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution using organic/inorganic hydrogel nanocomposite of titania incorporated sodium alginate crosslinked polyacrylic acid (SA-cl-poly(AA)-TiO2). 27561469 4 59 theme adsorption 670:679 arg1 capacity 681:688 adsorption capacity 670:688 adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature 670:811 The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as pH of the dye solutions, initial concentration of the dye, amount of absorbents, and temperature were investigated and used to propose a possible mechanism of adsorption. 24254473 6 0 theme crosslinking 1136:1147 arg1 stability 1100:1108 the thermal stability 1088:1108 the thermal stability 1088:1108 Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the thermal stability and thereby the degree of crosslinking of the heparinized matrices was increased. 24254473 6 0 theme crosslinking 1136:1147 arg1 degree 1126:1131 thereby the degree 1114:1131 thereby the degree of crosslinking of the heparinized matrices 1114:1175 Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the thermal stability and thereby the degree of crosslinking of the heparinized matrices was increased. 24254473 2 1 theme heparin 363:369 arg1 effect 331:336 the effect 327:336 the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen 327:490 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 10 2 from beneficial 1895:1904 arg1 conclusion 1849:1858 conclusion 1849:1858 conclusion 1849:1858 In conclusion, the a posteriori modification was beneficial to support adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 2 3 from effect 331:336 arg1 properties 400:409 structural and biological properties 374:409 structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen 374:490 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 8 4 theme osteogenic 1666:1675 arg1 differentiation 1677:1691 osteogenic differentiation 1666:1691 osteogenic differentiation 1666:1691 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 3 5 theme bone 590:593 arg1 material 606:613 a three-component bone substitute material 572:613 a three-component bone substitute material 572:613 Two strategies for heparin functionalization were explored in order to receive a three-component bone substitute material. 24254473 7 6 theme mineral 1439:1445 arg1 content 1447:1453 a reduced mineral content 1429:1453 a reduced mineral content 1429:1453 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 4 7 theme fibril 718:723 arg1 reassembly 725:734 simultaneous fibril reassembly 705:734 simultaneous fibril reassembly 705:734 Heparin was either incorporated during matrix synthesis by mixing with collagen prior to simultaneous fibril reassembly and mineralization (in situ) or added to the matrix after fabrication (a posteriori). 24254473 1 8 theme contemporary 170:181 arg1 concept 183:189 a contemporary concept 168:189 a contemporary concept of scaffolding in bone tissue engineering 168:231 This study intended to evaluate a contemporary concept of scaffolding in bone tissue engineering in order to mimic functions of the extracellular matrix. 24254473 0 9 theme surface 114:120 arg1 modification 122:133 adsorptive post surface modification 98:133 adsorptive post surface modification 98:133 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 24254473 2 10 theme investigated 294:305 arg1 approach 307:314 The investigated approach 290:314 The investigated approach 290:314 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 5 11 theme amounts 878:884 arg1 incorporation 850:862 an incorporation 847:862 an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin 847:895 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 5 12 theme heparin 889:895 arg1 heparin 889:895 heparin 889:895 heparin 889:895 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 5 12 theme heparin 889:895 arg1 amounts 878:884 comparable amounts 867:884 comparable amounts of heparin 867:895 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 8 13 theme culture 1475:1481 arg1 experiments 1483:1493 Cell culture experiments 1470:1493 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 1470:1534 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 7 14 theme collagen 1378:1385 arg1 fibers 1387:1392 collagen fibers 1378:1392 collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface 1378:1423 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 1 15 from concept 183:189 arg1 engineering 221:231 bone tissue engineering 209:231 bone tissue engineering 209:231 This study intended to evaluate a contemporary concept of scaffolding in bone tissue engineering in order to mimic functions of the extracellular matrix. 24254473 5 16 theme TOF-SIMS 959:966 arg1 analyses 968:975 TOF-SIMS analyses 959:975 TOF-SIMS analyses 959:975 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 8 17 theme mesenchymal 1506:1516 arg1 hMSC 1530:1533 hMSC 1530:1533 hMSC 1530:1533 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 8 17 theme mesenchymal 1506:1516 arg1 cells 1523:1527 human mesenchymal stem cells 1500:1527 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 1500:1534 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 3 18 dep material 606:613 arg1 substitute 595:604 substitute 595:604 substitute 595:604 Two strategies for heparin functionalization were explored in order to receive a three-component bone substitute material. 24254473 6 19 theme Differential 1040:1051 arg1 calorimetry 1062:1072 Differential scanning calorimetry 1040:1072 Differential scanning calorimetry 1040:1072 Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the thermal stability and thereby the degree of crosslinking of the heparinized matrices was increased. 24254473 4 20 dep in 756:757 arg1 situ 759:762 situ 759:762 situ 759:762 Heparin was either incorporated during matrix synthesis by mixing with collagen prior to simultaneous fibril reassembly and mineralization (in situ) or added to the matrix after fabrication (a posteriori). 24254473 9 21 theme collagenous 1797:1807 arg1 matrix 1809:1814 a collagenous matrix 1795:1814 a collagenous matrix 1795:1814 Our results indicate that not only heparin per se but also the way of its incorporation into a collagenous matrix determines the cell response. 24254473 7 22 theme matrix 1347:1352 arg1 composition 1328:1338 composition 1328:1338 composition 1328:1338 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 7 22 theme matrix 1347:1352 arg1 morphology 1313:1322 morphology 1313:1322 morphology 1313:1322 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 0 23 theme adsorptive 98:107 arg1 modification 122:133 adsorptive post surface modification 98:133 adsorptive post surface modification 98:133 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 24254473 0 24 theme matrix 36:41 arg1 Heparinization 0:13 Heparinization 0:13 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 0:134 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 24254473 7 25 theme open 1362:1365 arg1 network 1367:1373 a more open network 1355:1373 a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface 1355:1423 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 2 26 theme mineralized 471:481 arg1 collagen 483:490 mineralized collagen 471:490 mineralized collagen 471:490 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 8 27 theme strong 1547:1552 arg1 influence 1554:1562 a strong influence 1545:1562 a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes 1545:1625 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 10 28 theme hMSC 1964:1967 arg1 proliferation 1927:1939 proliferation 1927:1939 proliferation 1927:1939 In conclusion, the a posteriori modification was beneficial to support adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 10 28 theme hMSC 1964:1967 arg1 adhesion 1917:1924 adhesion 1917:1924 adhesion 1917:1924 In conclusion, the a posteriori modification was beneficial to support adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 10 28 theme hMSC 1964:1967 arg1 differentiation 1945:1959 differentiation 1945:1959 differentiation 1945:1959 In conclusion, the a posteriori modification was beneficial to support adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 7 29 theme a 1220:1220 arg1 modification 1233:1244 the a posteriori modification 1216:1244 the a posteriori modification 1216:1244 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 1 30 theme extracellular 268:280 arg1 matrix 282:287 the extracellular matrix 264:287 the extracellular matrix 264:287 This study intended to evaluate a contemporary concept of scaffolding in bone tissue engineering in order to mimic functions of the extracellular matrix. 24254473 9 31 theme cell 1831:1834 arg1 response 1836:1843 the cell response 1827:1843 the cell response 1827:1843 Our results indicate that not only heparin per se but also the way of its incorporation into a collagenous matrix determines the cell response. 24254473 7 32 dep in 1251:1252 arg1 situ 1254:1257 situ 1254:1257 situ 1254:1257 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 2 33 theme graft 442:446 arg1 material 448:455 a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material 414:455 a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen 414:490 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 6 34 theme thermal 1092:1098 arg1 stability 1100:1108 the thermal stability 1088:1108 the thermal stability 1088:1108 Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the thermal stability and thereby the degree of crosslinking of the heparinized matrices was increased. 24254473 8 35 theme mode 1571:1574 arg1 influence 1554:1562 a strong influence 1545:1562 a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes 1545:1625 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 10 36 theme posteriori 1867:1876 arg1 beneficial 1895:1904 beneficial 1895:1904 beneficial 1895:1904 In conclusion, the a posteriori modification was beneficial to support adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 10 36 theme posteriori 1867:1876 arg1 modification 1878:1889 the a posteriori modification 1861:1889 the a posteriori modification 1861:1889 In conclusion, the a posteriori modification was beneficial to support adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 2 37 theme biomimetic 426:435 arg1 material 448:455 a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material 414:455 a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen 414:490 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 0 38 theme bone 31:34 arg1 matrix 36:41 a biomimetic bone matrix 18:41 a biomimetic bone matrix 18:41 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 24254473 8 39 theme heparin 1579:1585 arg1 functionalization 1587:1603 heparin functionalization 1579:1603 heparin functionalization 1579:1603 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 8 40 with experiments 1483:1493 arg1 hMSC 1530:1533 hMSC 1530:1533 hMSC 1530:1533 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 8 40 with experiments 1483:1493 arg1 cells 1523:1527 human mesenchymal stem cells 1500:1527 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 1500:1534 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 5 41 theme binding 1020:1026 arg1 properties 1028:1037 their protein binding properties 1006:1037 their protein binding properties 1006:1037 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 6 42 theme heparinized 1156:1166 arg1 matrices 1168:1175 the heparinized matrices 1152:1175 the heparinized matrices 1152:1175 Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the thermal stability and thereby the degree of crosslinking of the heparinized matrices was increased. 24254473 4 43 theme matrix 655:660 arg1 synthesis 662:670 matrix synthesis 655:670 matrix synthesis 655:670 Heparin was either incorporated during matrix synthesis by mixing with collagen prior to simultaneous fibril reassembly and mineralization (in situ) or added to the matrix after fabrication (a posteriori). 24254473 8 44 theme hMSC 1696:1699 arg1 proliferation 1648:1660 proliferation 1648:1660 proliferation 1648:1660 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 8 44 theme hMSC 1696:1699 arg1 differentiation 1677:1691 osteogenic differentiation 1666:1691 osteogenic differentiation 1666:1691 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 0 45 dep Heparinization 0:13 arg1 integration 44:54 integration 44:54 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 0:134 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 24254473 7 46 theme considerable 1289:1300 arg1 changes 1302:1308 considerable changes 1289:1308 considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix 1289:1352 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 7 47 theme in 1251:1252 arg1 integration 1259:1269 the in situ integration 1247:1269 the in situ integration of heparin 1247:1280 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 3 48 theme three-component 574:588 arg1 material 606:613 a three-component bone substitute material 572:613 a three-component bone substitute material 572:613 Two strategies for heparin functionalization were explored in order to receive a three-component bone substitute material. 24254473 2 49 theme glycosaminoglycan 345:361 arg1 heparin 363:369 the glycosaminoglycan heparin 341:369 the glycosaminoglycan heparin 341:369 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 4 50 theme simultaneous 705:716 arg1 reassembly 725:734 simultaneous fibril reassembly 705:734 simultaneous fibril reassembly 705:734 Heparin was either incorporated during matrix synthesis by mixing with collagen prior to simultaneous fibril reassembly and mineralization (in situ) or added to the matrix after fabrication (a posteriori). 24254473 7 51 theme reduced 1431:1437 arg1 content 1447:1453 a reduced mineral content 1429:1453 a reduced mineral content 1429:1453 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 5 52 theme comparable 867:876 arg1 heparin 889:895 heparin 889:895 heparin 889:895 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 5 52 theme comparable 867:876 arg1 amounts 878:884 comparable amounts 867:884 comparable amounts of heparin 867:895 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 8 53 theme Cell 1470:1473 arg1 experiments 1483:1493 Cell culture experiments 1470:1493 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 1470:1534 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 1 54 theme bone 209:212 arg1 engineering 221:231 bone tissue engineering 209:231 bone tissue engineering 209:231 This study intended to evaluate a contemporary concept of scaffolding in bone tissue engineering in order to mimic functions of the extracellular matrix. 24254473 7 55 theme porous 1410:1415 arg1 surface 1417:1423 a more porous surface 1403:1423 a more porous surface 1403:1423 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 4 56 theme prior 696:700 arg1 collagen 687:694 collagen 687:694 collagen prior to simultaneous fibril reassembly and mineralization (in situ) 687:763 Heparin was either incorporated during matrix synthesis by mixing with collagen prior to simultaneous fibril reassembly and mineralization (in situ) or added to the matrix after fabrication (a posteriori). 24254473 1 57 theme scaffolding 194:204 arg1 concept 183:189 a contemporary concept 168:189 a contemporary concept of scaffolding in bone tissue engineering 168:231 This study intended to evaluate a contemporary concept of scaffolding in bone tissue engineering in order to mimic functions of the extracellular matrix. 24254473 8 58 theme human 1500:1504 arg1 hMSC 1530:1533 hMSC 1530:1533 hMSC 1530:1533 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 8 58 theme human 1500:1504 arg1 cells 1523:1527 human mesenchymal stem cells 1500:1527 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 1500:1534 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 8 59 theme stem 1518:1521 arg1 hMSC 1530:1533 hMSC 1530:1533 hMSC 1530:1533 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 8 59 theme stem 1518:1521 arg1 cells 1523:1527 human mesenchymal stem cells 1500:1527 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) 1500:1534 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 7 60 theme fibers 1387:1392 arg1 content 1447:1453 a reduced mineral content 1429:1453 a reduced mineral content 1429:1453 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 7 60 theme fibers 1387:1392 arg1 network 1367:1373 a more open network 1355:1373 a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface 1355:1423 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 0 61 theme heparin 59:65 arg1 integration 44:54 integration 44:54 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 0:134 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 24254473 5 62 from distribution 909:920 arg1 matrix 929:934 the matrix 925:934 the matrix 925:934 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 6 63 theme scanning 1053:1060 arg1 calorimetry 1062:1072 Differential scanning calorimetry 1040:1072 Differential scanning calorimetry 1040:1072 Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the thermal stability and thereby the degree of crosslinking of the heparinized matrices was increased. 24254473 0 64 theme matrix 74:79 arg1 synthesis 81:89 matrix synthesis 74:89 matrix synthesis 74:89 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 24254473 9 65 theme incorporation 1776:1788 arg1 heparin 1737:1743 heparin 1737:1743 not only heparin per se but also the way of its incorporation into a collagenous matrix 1728:1814 Our results indicate that not only heparin per se but also the way of its incorporation into a collagenous matrix determines the cell response. 24254473 9 65 theme incorporation 1776:1788 arg1 way 1765:1767 the way 1761:1767 not only heparin per se but also the way of its incorporation into a collagenous matrix 1728:1814 Our results indicate that not only heparin per se but also the way of its incorporation into a collagenous matrix determines the cell response. 24254473 4 66 theme in 756:757 arg1 mineralization 740:753 mineralization 740:753 mineralization (in situ) 740:763 Heparin was either incorporated during matrix synthesis by mixing with collagen prior to simultaneous fibril reassembly and mineralization (in situ) or added to the matrix after fabrication (a posteriori). 24254473 5 67 theme similar 984:990 arg1 modulation 992:1001 a similar modulation 982:1001 a similar modulation of their protein binding properties 982:1037 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 0 68 theme post 109:112 arg1 modification 122:133 adsorptive post surface modification 98:133 adsorptive post surface modification 98:133 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 24254473 7 69 theme posteriori 1222:1231 arg1 modification 1233:1244 the a posteriori modification 1216:1244 the a posteriori modification 1216:1244 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 2 70 theme biological 389:398 arg1 properties 400:409 structural and biological properties 374:409 structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen 374:490 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 0 71 theme biomimetic 20:29 arg1 matrix 36:41 a biomimetic bone matrix 18:41 a biomimetic bone matrix 18:41 Heparinization of a biomimetic bone matrix: integration of heparin during matrix synthesis versus adsorptive post surface modification. 24254473 1 72 theme matrix 282:287 arg1 functions 251:259 functions 251:259 functions of the extracellular matrix 251:287 This study intended to evaluate a contemporary concept of scaffolding in bone tissue engineering in order to mimic functions of the extracellular matrix. 24254473 2 73 theme material 448:455 arg1 properties 400:409 structural and biological properties 374:409 structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen 374:490 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 2 74 theme bone 437:440 arg1 material 448:455 a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material 414:455 a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen 414:490 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 8 75 from influence 1554:1562 arg1 processes 1617:1625 cellular processes 1608:1625 cellular processes 1608:1625 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 10 76 from conclusion 1849:1858 arg1 beneficial 1895:1904 beneficial 1895:1904 beneficial 1895:1904 In conclusion, the a posteriori modification was beneficial to support adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 10 76 from conclusion 1849:1858 arg1 modification 1878:1889 the a posteriori modification 1861:1889 the a posteriori modification 1861:1889 In conclusion, the a posteriori modification was beneficial to support adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 7 77 theme composition 1328:1338 arg1 changes 1302:1308 considerable changes 1289:1308 considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix 1289:1352 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 8 78 theme functionalization 1587:1603 arg1 mode 1571:1574 the mode 1567:1574 the mode of heparin functionalization 1567:1603 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 10 79 theme a 1865:1865 arg1 beneficial 1895:1904 beneficial 1895:1904 beneficial 1895:1904 In conclusion, the a posteriori modification was beneficial to support adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 10 79 theme a 1865:1865 arg1 modification 1878:1889 the a posteriori modification 1861:1889 the a posteriori modification 1861:1889 In conclusion, the a posteriori modification was beneficial to support adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 2 80 theme synthetic 416:424 arg1 material 448:455 a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material 414:455 a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen 414:490 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 7 81 theme morphology 1313:1322 arg1 changes 1302:1308 considerable changes 1289:1308 considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix 1289:1352 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 8 82 theme cellular 1608:1615 arg1 processes 1617:1625 cellular processes 1608:1625 cellular processes 1608:1625 Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) revealed a strong influence of the mode of heparin functionalization on cellular processes, as demonstrated for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. 24254473 7 83 dep modification 1233:1244 arg1 contrast 1204:1211 contrast 1204:1211 contrast 1204:1211 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 24254473 5 84 theme protein 1012:1018 arg1 properties 1028:1037 their protein binding properties 1006:1037 their protein binding properties 1006:1037 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 6 85 theme matrices 1168:1175 arg1 crosslinking 1136:1147 crosslinking 1136:1147 crosslinking of the heparinized matrices 1136:1175 Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the thermal stability and thereby the degree of crosslinking of the heparinized matrices was increased. 24254473 3 86 theme heparin 512:518 arg1 functionalization 520:536 heparin functionalization 512:536 heparin functionalization 512:536 Two strategies for heparin functionalization were explored in order to receive a three-component bone substitute material. 24254473 1 87 theme tissue 214:219 arg1 engineering 221:231 bone tissue engineering 209:231 bone tissue engineering 209:231 This study intended to evaluate a contemporary concept of scaffolding in bone tissue engineering in order to mimic functions of the extracellular matrix. 24254473 5 88 theme properties 1028:1037 arg1 modulation 992:1001 a similar modulation 982:1001 a similar modulation of their protein binding properties 982:1037 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 5 88 theme properties 1028:1037 arg1 analyses 968:975 TOF-SIMS analyses 959:975 TOF-SIMS analyses 959:975 Both methods resulted in an incorporation of comparable amounts of heparin, though its distribution in the matrix varied as indicated by TOF-SIMS analyses, and a similar modulation of their protein binding properties. 24254473 2 89 theme structural 374:383 arg1 properties 400:409 structural and biological properties 374:409 structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen 374:490 The investigated approach considered the effect of the glycosaminoglycan heparin on structural and biological properties of a synthetic biomimetic bone graft material consisting of mineralized collagen. 24254473 7 90 theme heparin 1274:1280 arg1 integration 1259:1269 the in situ integration 1247:1269 the in situ integration of heparin 1247:1280 However, in contrast to the a posteriori modification, the in situ integration of heparin led to considerable changes of morphology and composition of the matrix: a more open network of collagen fibers yielding a more porous surface and a reduced mineral content were observed. 25078877 10 0 theme cultivation 1181:1191 arg1 conditions 1193:1202 cultivation conditions 1181:1202 cultivation conditions 1181:1202 Further experiments are being carried out to optimise medium composition and cultivation conditions under lab and bioreactor scale. 25078877 10 1 dep lab 1210:1212 arg1 scale 1229:1233 scale 1229:1233 scale 1229:1233 Further experiments are being carried out to optimise medium composition and cultivation conditions under lab and bioreactor scale. 25078877 7 2 theme extracellular 783:795 arg1 chitinase 797:805 extracellular chitinase 783:805 extracellular chitinase 783:805 WICC-A03 produces extracellular chitinase in a medium containing 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h. 25078877 3 3 theme active 369:374 arg1 producer 386:393 the most active chitinase producer 360:393 the most active chitinase producer 360:393 The isolate WICC-A03 was found to be the most active chitinase producer. 25078877 3 3 theme active 369:374 arg1 WICC-A03 335:342 The isolate WICC-A03 323:342 The isolate WICC-A03 323:342 The isolate WICC-A03 was found to be the most active chitinase producer. 25078877 6 4 dep name 703:706 arg1 glauciniger 711:721 glauciniger 711:721 glauciniger 711:721 Thus, it was given the suggested name S. glauciniger WICC-A03 with accession number: JX139754. 25078877 7 5 contain containing 819:828 arg1 medium 812:817 a medium 810:817 a medium containing 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h 810:880 WICC-A03 produces extracellular chitinase in a medium containing 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h. 25078877 7 5 contain containing 819:828 arg2 chitin 845:850 1.5% colloidal chitin 830:850 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h 830:880 WICC-A03 produces extracellular chitinase in a medium containing 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h. 25078877 8 6 theme 50 kDa 959:964 arg1 weight 949:954 its molecular weight 935:954 its molecular weight of 50 kDa 935:964 The produced enzyme was partially characterised and its molecular weight of 50 kDa was determined by using SDS-PAGE. 25078877 3 7 theme chitinase 376:384 arg1 producer 386:393 the most active chitinase producer 360:393 the most active chitinase producer 360:393 The isolate WICC-A03 was found to be the most active chitinase producer. 25078877 3 7 theme chitinase 376:384 arg1 WICC-A03 335:342 The isolate WICC-A03 323:342 The isolate WICC-A03 323:342 The isolate WICC-A03 was found to be the most active chitinase producer. 25078877 5 8 theme Streptomyces 644:655 arg1 glauciniger 657:667 Streptomyces glauciniger 644:667 Streptomyces glauciniger 644:667 The identification of WICC-A03 using phenotypic and genotypic methods strongly indicated that strain WICC-A03 belonged to the genus Streptomyces and displayed similarity (91%) with Streptomyces glauciniger. 25078877 2 9 theme soil 309:312 arg1 samples 314:320 Malaysian soil samples 299:320 Malaysian soil samples 299:320 Fifteen strains were isolated from Malaysian soil samples. 25078877 10 10 theme medium 1158:1163 arg1 composition 1165:1175 medium composition 1158:1175 medium composition 1158:1175 Further experiments are being carried out to optimise medium composition and cultivation conditions under lab and bioreactor scale. 25078877 2 11 theme Malaysian 299:307 arg1 samples 314:320 Malaysian soil samples 299:320 Malaysian soil samples 299:320 Fifteen strains were isolated from Malaysian soil samples. 25078877 7 12 from chitin 845:850 arg1 144 h 876:880 144 h 876:880 144 h 876:880 WICC-A03 produces extracellular chitinase in a medium containing 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h. 25078877 7 12 from chitin 845:850 arg1 culture 865:871 submerged culture 855:871 submerged culture 855:871 WICC-A03 produces extracellular chitinase in a medium containing 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h. 25078877 2 13 attach isolated 285:292 arg2 strains 272:278 Fifteen strains 264:278 Fifteen strains 264:278 Fifteen strains were isolated from Malaysian soil samples. 25078877 2 13 attach isolated 285:292 arg1 samples 314:320 Malaysian soil samples 299:320 Malaysian soil samples 299:320 Fifteen strains were isolated from Malaysian soil samples. 25078877 6 14 theme accession 737:745 arg1 number 747:752 accession number 737:752 accession number 737:752 Thus, it was given the suggested name S. glauciniger WICC-A03 with accession number: JX139754. 25078877 0 15 theme new 2:4 arg1 WICC-A03 57:64 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03 0:64 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 0:150 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 25078877 4 16 theme antifungal 400:409 arg1 activity 411:418 Its antifungal activity 396:418 Its antifungal activity 396:418 Its antifungal activity was evaluated against many phytopathogens. 25078877 5 17 theme phenotypic 500:509 arg1 methods 525:531 phenotypic and genotypic methods 500:531 phenotypic and genotypic methods 500:531 The identification of WICC-A03 using phenotypic and genotypic methods strongly indicated that strain WICC-A03 belonged to the genus Streptomyces and displayed similarity (91%) with Streptomyces glauciniger. 25078877 0 18 theme strain 25:30 arg1 WICC-A03 57:64 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03 0:64 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 0:150 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 25078877 7 19 theme submerged 855:863 arg1 culture 865:871 submerged culture 855:871 submerged culture 855:871 WICC-A03 produces extracellular chitinase in a medium containing 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h. 25078877 0 20 theme phytopathogenic 129:143 arg1 fungi 145:149 plants phytopathogenic fungi 122:149 plants phytopathogenic fungi 122:149 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 25078877 8 21 theme molecular 939:947 arg1 weight 949:954 its molecular weight 935:954 its molecular weight of 50 kDa 935:964 The produced enzyme was partially characterised and its molecular weight of 50 kDa was determined by using SDS-PAGE. 25078877 0 22 theme chitinase-producer 6:23 arg1 WICC-A03 57:64 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03 0:64 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 0:150 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 25078877 7 23 theme colloidal 835:843 arg1 chitin 845:850 1.5% colloidal chitin 830:850 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h 830:880 WICC-A03 produces extracellular chitinase in a medium containing 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h. 25078877 0 24 theme plants 122:127 arg1 fungi 145:149 plants phytopathogenic fungi 122:149 plants phytopathogenic fungi 122:149 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 25078877 5 25 theme genotypic 515:523 arg1 methods 525:531 phenotypic and genotypic methods 500:531 phenotypic and genotypic methods 500:531 The identification of WICC-A03 using phenotypic and genotypic methods strongly indicated that strain WICC-A03 belonged to the genus Streptomyces and displayed similarity (91%) with Streptomyces glauciniger. 25078877 1 26 theme new 211:213 arg1 producer 254:261 a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer 209:261 a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer 209:261 This study discusses the isolation and identification of a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer. 25078877 0 27 theme glauciniger 45:55 arg1 WICC-A03 57:64 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03 0:64 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 0:150 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 25078877 1 28 theme Streptomycetes 215:228 arg1 producer 254:261 a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer 209:261 a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer 209:261 This study discusses the isolation and identification of a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer. 25078877 0 29 theme Streptomyces 32:43 arg1 WICC-A03 57:64 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03 0:64 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 0:150 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 25078877 7 30 theme 1.5 830:832 arg1 % 833:833 % 833:833 % 833:833 WICC-A03 produces extracellular chitinase in a medium containing 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h. 25078877 9 31 theme potential 1040:1048 arg1 WICC-A03 1026:1033 WICC-A03 1026:1033 WICC-A03 1026:1033 This study indicates that WICC-A03 is a potential chitinase producer for biocontrol of plant pathogens. 25078877 9 31 theme potential 1040:1048 arg1 producer 1060:1067 a potential chitinase producer 1038:1067 a potential chitinase producer for biocontrol of plant pathogens 1038:1101 This study indicates that WICC-A03 is a potential chitinase producer for biocontrol of plant pathogens. 25078877 0 32 dep WICC-A03 57:64 arg1 identification 81:94 identification 81:94 identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi 81:149 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 25078877 0 32 dep WICC-A03 57:64 arg1 isolation 67:75 isolation 67:75 isolation 67:75 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 25078877 5 33 theme genus 589:593 arg1 Streptomyces 595:606 the genus Streptomyces 585:606 the genus Streptomyces 585:606 The identification of WICC-A03 using phenotypic and genotypic methods strongly indicated that strain WICC-A03 belonged to the genus Streptomyces and displayed similarity (91%) with Streptomyces glauciniger. 25078877 9 34 theme chitinase 1050:1058 arg1 WICC-A03 1026:1033 WICC-A03 1026:1033 WICC-A03 1026:1033 This study indicates that WICC-A03 is a potential chitinase producer for biocontrol of plant pathogens. 25078877 9 34 theme chitinase 1050:1058 arg1 producer 1060:1067 a potential chitinase producer 1038:1067 a potential chitinase producer for biocontrol of plant pathogens 1038:1101 This study indicates that WICC-A03 is a potential chitinase producer for biocontrol of plant pathogens. 25078877 0 35 theme biocontrol 101:110 arg1 agent 112:116 a biocontrol agent 99:116 a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi 99:149 A new chitinase-producer strain Streptomyces glauciniger WICC-A03: isolation and identification as a biocontrol agent for plants phytopathogenic fungi. 25078877 3 36 theme isolate 327:333 arg1 producer 386:393 the most active chitinase producer 360:393 the most active chitinase producer 360:393 The isolate WICC-A03 was found to be the most active chitinase producer. 25078877 3 36 theme isolate 327:333 arg1 WICC-A03 335:342 The isolate WICC-A03 323:342 The isolate WICC-A03 323:342 The isolate WICC-A03 was found to be the most active chitinase producer. 25078877 6 37 with name 703:706 arg1 number 747:752 accession number 737:752 accession number 737:752 Thus, it was given the suggested name S. glauciniger WICC-A03 with accession number: JX139754. 25078877 10 38 theme Further 1104:1110 arg1 experiments 1112:1122 Further experiments 1104:1122 Further experiments 1104:1122 Further experiments are being carried out to optimise medium composition and cultivation conditions under lab and bioreactor scale. 25078877 6 39 theme suggested 693:701 arg1 name 703:706 the suggested name 689:706 the suggested name S. glauciniger WICC-A03 with accession number 689:752 Thus, it was given the suggested name S. glauciniger WICC-A03 with accession number: JX139754. 25078877 4 40 theme many 442:445 arg1 phytopathogens 447:460 many phytopathogens 442:460 many phytopathogens 442:460 Its antifungal activity was evaluated against many phytopathogens. 25078877 1 41 theme active 237:242 arg1 producer 254:261 a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer 209:261 a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer 209:261 This study discusses the isolation and identification of a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer. 25078877 5 42 theme WICC-A03 485:492 arg1 identification 467:480 The identification 463:480 The identification of WICC-A03 using phenotypic and genotypic methods 463:531 The identification of WICC-A03 using phenotypic and genotypic methods strongly indicated that strain WICC-A03 belonged to the genus Streptomyces and displayed similarity (91%) with Streptomyces glauciniger. 25078877 1 43 theme chitinase 244:252 arg1 producer 254:261 a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer 209:261 a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer 209:261 This study discusses the isolation and identification of a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer. 25078877 9 44 theme pathogens 1093:1101 arg1 biocontrol 1073:1082 biocontrol 1073:1082 biocontrol of plant pathogens 1073:1101 This study indicates that WICC-A03 is a potential chitinase producer for biocontrol of plant pathogens. 25078877 9 45 theme plant 1087:1091 arg1 pathogens 1093:1101 plant pathogens 1087:1101 plant pathogens 1087:1101 This study indicates that WICC-A03 is a potential chitinase producer for biocontrol of plant pathogens. 25078877 1 46 theme producer 254:261 arg1 identification 191:204 identification 191:204 identification 191:204 This study discusses the isolation and identification of a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer. 25078877 1 46 theme producer 254:261 arg1 isolation 177:185 isolation 177:185 isolation 177:185 This study discusses the isolation and identification of a new Streptomycetes highly active chitinase producer. 25078877 8 47 theme produced 887:894 arg1 enzyme 896:901 The produced enzyme 883:901 The produced enzyme 883:901 The produced enzyme was partially characterised and its molecular weight of 50 kDa was determined by using SDS-PAGE. 25078877 7 48 theme % 833:833 arg1 chitin 845:850 1.5% colloidal chitin 830:850 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h 830:880 WICC-A03 produces extracellular chitinase in a medium containing 1.5% colloidal chitin in submerged culture on 144 h. 25226591 4 0 theme host 1309:1312 arg1 peptides 1322:1329 prototypic cationic host defense peptides 1289:1329 prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins 1289:1363 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 8 1 theme target 1808:1813 arg1 order 1788:1792 the compositional or biophysical order 1755:1792 the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) 1755:1862 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 3 2 theme well-characterized 520:537 arg1 strain-pairs 613:624 three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs 514:624 three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs 514:624 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 4 3 dep increased 1202:1210 arg1 iv 1198:1199 iv 1198:1199 iv 1198:1199 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 1 4 theme clinical 279:286 arg1 failures 298:305 clinical treatment failures 279:305 clinical treatment failures 279:305 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 8 5 theme such 1818:1821 arg1 strains 1829:1835 such DAP-R strains 1818:1835 such DAP-R strains 1818:1835 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 4 6 theme exponential 860:870 arg1 phases 893:898 exponential or stationary growth phases 860:898 exponential or stationary growth phases 860:898 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 8 7 theme strains 1829:1835 arg1 target 1808:1813 the DAP CM target 1797:1813 the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains 1797:1835 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 4 8 theme stationary 875:884 arg1 phases 893:898 exponential or stationary growth phases 860:898 exponential or stationary growth phases 860:898 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 9 theme lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol 1105:1136 arg1 elaboration 1090:1100 elaboration 1090:1100 elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains 1090:1160 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 10 theme leukocyte 1347:1355 arg1 origins 1357:1363 platelet and leukocyte origins 1334:1363 origins 1357:1363 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 5 11 theme tested 1373:1378 arg1 strains 1386:1392 the tested DAP-R strains 1369:1392 the tested DAP-R strains 1369:1392 In the tested DAP-R strains, genes conferring positive surface charge were dysregulated, and their functionality altered. 25226591 4 12 from elaboration 1090:1100 arg1 strains 1154:1160 DAP-R strains 1148:1160 DAP-R strains 1148:1160 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 13 dep reduced 1263:1269 arg1 v 1246:1246 v 1246:1246 v 1246:1246 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 0 14 theme dlt 146:148 arg1 operons 150:156 mprF and dlt operons 137:156 mprF and dlt operons 137:156 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 25226591 3 15 theme resistant 590:598 arg1 strain-pairs 613:624 three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs 514:624 three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs 514:624 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 1 16 theme Staphylococcus 218:231 arg1 isolates 249:256 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates 218:256 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates 218:256 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 8 17 from changes 1744:1750 arg1 order 1788:1792 the compositional or biophysical order 1755:1792 the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) 1755:1862 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 4 18 dep heightened 1079:1088 arg1 iii 1074:1076 iii 1074:1076 iii 1074:1076 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 1 19 theme clinical 240:247 arg1 isolates 249:256 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates 218:256 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates 218:256 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 4 20 dep increase 959:966 arg1 ii 941:942 ii 941:942 ii 941:942 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 21 theme DAP-R 739:743 arg1 isolates 745:752 DAP-R isolates 739:752 DAP-R isolates 739:752 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 22 theme platelet 1334:1341 arg1 origins 1357:1363 platelet and leukocyte origins 1334:1363 origins 1357:1363 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 3 23 theme MRSA 608:611 arg1 strain-pairs 613:624 three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs 514:624 three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs 514:624 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 8 24 theme DAP 1801:1803 arg1 target 1808:1813 the DAP CM target 1797:1813 the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains 1797:1835 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 4 25 theme dltA 924:927 arg1 mprF 933:936 mprF 933:936 mprF 933:936 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 25 theme dltA 924:927 arg1 dysregulation 907:919 dysregulation 907:919 dysregulation of dltA 907:927 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 6 26 theme surface 1541:1547 arg1 charge 1558:1563 relative surface positive charge 1532:1563 relative surface positive charge 1532:1563 However, there were no correlations between relative surface positive charge or cell wall thickness and the observed DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 4 27 theme DAP-S 715:719 arg1 strains 730:736 the DAP-S parental strains 711:736 the DAP-S parental strains 711:736 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 0 28 theme aureus 103:108 arg1 strains 110:116 daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains 45:116 daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains 45:116 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 25226591 3 29 theme potential 639:647 arg1 mechanisms 659:668 potential genotypic mechanisms 639:668 potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype 639:691 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 1 30 theme in 174:175 arg1 DAP-R 205:209 DAP-R 205:209 DAP-R 205:209 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 1 30 theme in 174:175 arg1 resistance 193:202 in vivo daptomycin resistance 174:202 in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, 174:306 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 8 31 theme biophysical 1776:1786 arg1 order 1788:1792 the compositional or biophysical order 1755:1792 the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) 1755:1862 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 1 32 theme daptomycin 182:191 arg1 DAP-R 205:209 DAP-R 205:209 DAP-R 205:209 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 1 32 theme daptomycin 182:191 arg1 resistance 193:202 in vivo daptomycin resistance 174:202 in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, 174:306 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 6 33 theme DAP-R 1605:1609 arg1 phenotype 1611:1619 the observed DAP-R phenotype 1592:1619 the observed DAP-R phenotype 1592:1619 However, there were no correlations between relative surface positive charge or cell wall thickness and the observed DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 7 34 theme altered 1660:1666 arg1 charge 1676:1681 altered surface charge 1660:1681 altered surface charge 1660:1681 Thus, charge repulsion mechanisms via altered surface charge may not be sufficient to explain the DAP-R outcome. 25226591 5 35 theme positive 1412:1419 arg1 charge 1429:1434 positive surface charge 1412:1434 positive surface charge 1412:1434 In the tested DAP-R strains, genes conferring positive surface charge were dysregulated, and their functionality altered. 25226591 4 36 theme cell 1212:1215 arg1 fluidity 1231:1238 cell membrane (CM) fluidity 1212:1238 cell membrane (CM) fluidity 1212:1238 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 37 theme key 797:799 arg1 determinants 801:812 two key determinants 793:812 two key determinants of net positive surface charge 793:843 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 0 38 theme mprF 137:140 arg1 operons 150:156 mprF and dlt operons 137:156 mprF and dlt operons 137:156 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 25226591 2 39 theme infections 472:481 arg1 context 439:445 the context 435:445 the context of invasive endovascular infections 435:481 This issue is especially relevant to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in the context of invasive endovascular infections. 25226591 0 40 theme Phenotypic 0:9 arg1 characterization 25:40 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization 0:40 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 0:157 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 25226591 4 41 from content 1013:1019 arg1 strains 1030:1036 DAP-R strains 1024:1036 DAP-R strains 1024:1036 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 8 42 theme CM 1805:1806 arg1 target 1808:1813 the DAP CM target 1797:1813 the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains 1797:1835 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 3 43 dep well-characterized 520:537 arg1 DAP-S 579:583 DAP-S 579:583 DAP-S 579:583 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 3 43 dep well-characterized 520:537 arg1 DAP-susceptible 562:576 DAP-susceptible 562:576 DAP-susceptible 562:576 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 3 43 dep well-characterized 520:537 arg1 DAP-R 601:605 DAP-R 601:605 DAP-R 601:605 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 7 44 theme charge 1628:1633 arg1 mechanisms 1645:1654 charge repulsion mechanisms 1628:1654 charge repulsion mechanisms via altered surface charge 1628:1681 Thus, charge repulsion mechanisms via altered surface charge may not be sufficient to explain the DAP-R outcome. 25226591 9 45 from DAP-R 1916:1920 arg1 aureus 1928:1933 S. aureus 1925:1933 S. aureus 1925:1933 Taken together, DAP-R in S. aureus appears to involve multi-factorial and strain-specific adaptive mechanisms. 25226591 2 46 theme invasive 450:457 arg1 infections 472:481 invasive endovascular infections 450:481 invasive endovascular infections 450:481 This issue is especially relevant to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in the context of invasive endovascular infections. 25226591 9 47 theme adaptive 1990:1997 arg1 mechanisms 1999:2008 multi-factorial and strain-specific adaptive mechanisms 1954:2008 multi-factorial and strain-specific adaptive mechanisms 1954:2008 Taken together, DAP-R in S. aureus appears to involve multi-factorial and strain-specific adaptive mechanisms. 25226591 4 48 theme altered 771:777 arg1 expression 779:788 (i) altered expression 767:788 (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases 767:898 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 0 49 theme genotypic 15:23 arg1 characterization 25:40 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization 0:40 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 0:157 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 25226591 4 50 theme wall 988:991 arg1 WTA 1008:1010 WTA 1008:1010 WTA 1008:1010 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 50 theme wall 988:991 arg1 acid 1002:1005 the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid 971:1005 the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains 971:1036 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 3 51 theme phenotype 683:691 arg1 mechanisms 659:668 potential genotypic mechanisms 639:668 potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype 639:691 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 4 52 theme charge 838:843 arg1 determinants 801:812 two key determinants 793:812 two key determinants of net positive surface charge 793:843 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 1 53 theme major 321:325 arg1 problem 339:345 a major therapeutic problem 319:345 a major therapeutic problem 319:345 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 4 54 theme acid 1002:1005 arg1 content 1013:1019 the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content 971:1019 the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains 971:1036 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 3 55 used used 509:512 arg2 we 506:507 we 506:507 we 506:507 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 4 56 theme DltA 1050:1053 arg1 gain-in-function 1055:1070 DltA gain-in-function 1050:1070 DltA gain-in-function 1050:1070 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 6 57 theme cell 1568:1571 arg1 thickness 1578:1586 cell wall thickness 1568:1586 cell wall thickness 1568:1586 However, there were no correlations between relative surface positive charge or cell wall thickness and the observed DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 4 58 theme positive 821:828 arg1 charge 838:843 net positive surface charge 817:843 net positive surface charge 817:843 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 59 dep gain-in-function 1179:1194 arg1 reduced 1263:1269 reduced 1263:1269 reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins 1263:1363 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 59 dep gain-in-function 1179:1194 arg1 increased 1202:1210 increased 1202:1210 increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity 1202:1238 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 60 from increase 959:966 arg1 content 1013:1019 the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content 971:1019 the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains 971:1036 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 8 61 dep fluidity 1854:1861 arg1 i.e. 1838:1841 i.e., increased fluidity 1838:1861 i.e. 1838:1841 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 4 62 theme DAP-R 1024:1028 arg1 strains 1030:1036 DAP-R strains 1024:1036 DAP-R strains 1024:1036 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 63 dep dysregulation 907:919 arg1 i.e. 901:904 i.e. 901:904 i.e. 901:904 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 64 theme growth 886:891 arg1 phases 893:898 exponential or stationary growth phases 860:898 exponential or stationary growth phases 860:898 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 65 theme cationic 1300:1307 arg1 peptides 1322:1329 prototypic cationic host defense peptides 1289:1329 prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins 1289:1363 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 8 66 theme DAP-R 1823:1827 arg1 strains 1829:1835 such DAP-R strains 1818:1835 such DAP-R strains 1818:1835 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 1 67 theme treatment 288:296 arg1 failures 298:305 clinical treatment failures 279:305 clinical treatment failures 279:305 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 1 68 theme resistance 193:202 arg1 Development 159:169 Development 159:169 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, 159:306 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 7 69 theme DAP-R 1720:1724 arg1 outcome 1726:1732 the DAP-R outcome 1716:1732 the DAP-R outcome 1716:1732 Thus, charge repulsion mechanisms via altered surface charge may not be sufficient to explain the DAP-R outcome. 25226591 8 70 dep order 1788:1792 arg1 fluidity 1854:1861 increased fluidity 1844:1861 increased fluidity 1844:1861 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 0 71 theme operons 150:156 arg1 roles 128:132 relative roles 119:132 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 0:157 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 25226591 5 72 theme DAP-R 1380:1384 arg1 strains 1386:1392 the tested DAP-R strains 1369:1392 the tested DAP-R strains 1369:1392 In the tested DAP-R strains, genes conferring positive surface charge were dysregulated, and their functionality altered. 25226591 4 73 dep expression 779:788 arg1 i 768:768 i 768:768 i 768:768 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 74 theme origins 1357:1363 arg1 peptides 1322:1329 prototypic cationic host defense peptides 1289:1329 prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins 1289:1363 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 75 dep determinants 801:812 arg1 either 846:851 either 846:851 either 846:851 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 3 76 link clinically-derived 543:560 arg1 strain-pairs 613:624 three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs 514:624 three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs 514:624 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 4 77 theme defense 1314:1320 arg1 peptides 1322:1329 prototypic cationic host defense peptides 1289:1329 prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins 1289:1363 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 78 theme MprF 1174:1177 arg1 gain-in-function 1179:1194 MprF gain-in-function 1174:1194 MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins 1174:1363 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 1 79 from isolates 249:256 arg1 association 262:272 association 262:272 association with clinical treatment failures 262:305 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 3 80 theme genotypic 649:657 arg1 mechanisms 659:668 potential genotypic mechanisms 639:668 potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype 639:691 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 6 81 theme positive 1549:1556 arg1 charge 1558:1563 relative surface positive charge 1532:1563 relative surface positive charge 1532:1563 However, there were no correlations between relative surface positive charge or cell wall thickness and the observed DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 0 82 theme strains 110:116 arg1 characterization 25:40 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization 0:40 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 0:157 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 25226591 6 83 theme relative 1532:1539 arg1 charge 1558:1563 relative surface positive charge 1532:1563 relative surface positive charge 1532:1563 However, there were no correlations between relative surface positive charge or cell wall thickness and the observed DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 4 84 theme significant 947:957 arg1 increase 959:966 a significant increase 945:966 (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains 940:1036 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 85 theme DAP-R 1148:1152 arg1 strains 1154:1160 DAP-R strains 1148:1160 DAP-R strains 1148:1160 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 0 86 theme relative 119:126 arg1 roles 128:132 relative roles 119:132 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 0:157 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 25226591 8 87 theme increased 1844:1852 arg1 fluidity 1854:1861 increased fluidity 1844:1861 increased fluidity 1844:1861 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 4 88 theme parental 721:728 arg1 strains 730:736 the DAP-S parental strains 711:736 the DAP-S parental strains 711:736 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 8 89 theme compositional 1759:1771 arg1 order 1788:1792 the compositional or biophysical order 1755:1792 the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) 1755:1862 Instead, changes in the compositional or biophysical order of the DAP CM target of such DAP-R strains (i.e., increased fluidity) may be essential to this phenotype. 25226591 4 90 dep strains 730:736 arg1 comparison 697:706 comparison 697:706 comparison 697:706 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 91 theme membrane 1217:1224 arg1 fluidity 1231:1238 cell membrane (CM) fluidity 1212:1238 cell membrane (CM) fluidity 1212:1238 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 6 92 theme observed 1596:1603 arg1 phenotype 1611:1619 the observed DAP-R phenotype 1592:1619 the observed DAP-R phenotype 1592:1619 However, there were no correlations between relative surface positive charge or cell wall thickness and the observed DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 7 93 theme surface 1668:1674 arg1 charge 1676:1681 altered surface charge 1660:1681 altered surface charge 1660:1681 Thus, charge repulsion mechanisms via altered surface charge may not be sufficient to explain the DAP-R outcome. 25226591 5 94 theme surface 1421:1427 arg1 charge 1429:1434 positive surface charge 1412:1434 positive surface charge 1412:1434 In the tested DAP-R strains, genes conferring positive surface charge were dysregulated, and their functionality altered. 25226591 9 95 theme multi-factorial 1954:1968 arg1 mechanisms 1999:2008 multi-factorial and strain-specific adaptive mechanisms 1954:2008 multi-factorial and strain-specific adaptive mechanisms 1954:2008 Taken together, DAP-R in S. aureus appears to involve multi-factorial and strain-specific adaptive mechanisms. 25226591 2 96 theme endovascular 459:470 arg1 infections 472:481 invasive endovascular infections 450:481 invasive endovascular infections 450:481 This issue is especially relevant to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in the context of invasive endovascular infections. 25226591 9 97 theme strain-specific 1974:1988 arg1 mechanisms 1999:2008 multi-factorial and strain-specific adaptive mechanisms 1954:2008 multi-factorial and strain-specific adaptive mechanisms 1954:2008 Taken together, DAP-R in S. aureus appears to involve multi-factorial and strain-specific adaptive mechanisms. 25226591 2 98 theme aureus 410:415 arg1 strains 424:430 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains 385:430 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in the context of invasive endovascular infections 385:481 This issue is especially relevant to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in the context of invasive endovascular infections. 25226591 6 99 theme wall 1573:1576 arg1 thickness 1578:1586 cell wall thickness 1568:1586 cell wall thickness 1568:1586 However, there were no correlations between relative surface positive charge or cell wall thickness and the observed DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 7 100 theme repulsion 1635:1643 arg1 mechanisms 1645:1654 charge repulsion mechanisms 1628:1654 charge repulsion mechanisms via altered surface charge 1628:1681 Thus, charge repulsion mechanisms via altered surface charge may not be sufficient to explain the DAP-R outcome. 25226591 1 101 with association 262:272 arg1 failures 298:305 clinical treatment failures 279:305 clinical treatment failures 279:305 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 3 102 theme DAP-R 677:681 arg1 phenotype 683:691 the DAP-R phenotype 673:691 the DAP-R phenotype 673:691 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 1 103 dep in 174:175 arg1 vivo 177:180 vivo 177:180 vivo 177:180 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 3 104 theme current 491:497 arg1 study 499:503 the current study 487:503 the current study 487:503 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 25226591 4 105 theme D-alanylated 975:986 arg1 WTA 1008:1010 WTA 1008:1010 WTA 1008:1010 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 105 theme D-alanylated 975:986 arg1 acid 1002:1005 the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid 971:1005 the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains 971:1036 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 106 theme surface 830:836 arg1 charge 838:843 net positive surface charge 817:843 net positive surface charge 817:843 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 1 107 theme therapeutic 327:337 arg1 problem 339:345 a major therapeutic problem 319:345 a major therapeutic problem 319:345 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 4 108 theme teichoic 993:1000 arg1 WTA 1008:1010 WTA 1008:1010 WTA 1008:1010 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 108 theme teichoic 993:1000 arg1 acid 1002:1005 the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid 971:1005 the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains 971:1036 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 109 theme CM 1227:1228 arg1 fluidity 1231:1238 cell membrane (CM) fluidity 1212:1238 cell membrane (CM) fluidity 1212:1238 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 1 110 dep Staphylococcus 218:231 arg1 aureus 233:238 aureus 233:238 aureus 233:238 Development of in vivo daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, in association with clinical treatment failures, has become a major therapeutic problem. 25226591 0 111 dep characterization 25:40 arg1 roles 128:132 relative roles 119:132 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 0:157 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons. 25226591 4 112 theme determinants 801:812 arg1 expression 779:788 (i) altered expression 767:788 (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases 767:898 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 2 113 from strains 424:430 arg1 context 439:445 the context 435:445 the context of invasive endovascular infections 435:481 This issue is especially relevant to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in the context of invasive endovascular infections. 25226591 4 114 theme prototypic 1289:1298 arg1 peptides 1322:1329 prototypic cationic host defense peptides 1289:1329 prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins 1289:1363 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 4 115 theme net 817:819 arg1 charge 838:843 net positive surface charge 817:843 net positive surface charge 817:843 In comparison to the DAP-S parental strains, DAP-R isolates demonstrated (i) altered expression of two key determinants of net positive surface charge, either during exponential or stationary growth phases (i.e., dysregulation of dltA and mprF), (ii) a significant increase in the D-alanylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) content in DAP-R strains, reflecting DltA gain-in-function; (iii) heightened elaboration of lysinylated-phosphatidylglyderol (L-PG) in DAP-R strains, reflecting MprF gain-in-function; (iv) increased cell membrane (CM) fluidity, and (v) significantly reduced susceptibility to prototypic cationic host defense peptides of platelet and leukocyte origins. 25226591 3 116 theme clinically-derived 543:560 arg1 strain-pairs 613:624 three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs 514:624 three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs 514:624 In the current study, we used three well-characterized and clinically-derived DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) vs. resistant (DAP-R) MRSA strain-pairs to elucidate potential genotypic mechanisms of the DAP-R phenotype. 24897372 1 0 theme life 124:127 arg1 database 137:144 life science database 124:144 life science database development 124:156 In recent years, the Semantic Web has become the focus of life science database development as a means to link life science data in an effective and efficient manner. 24897372 1 1 theme effective 201:209 arg1 manner 225:230 an effective and efficient manner 198:230 an effective and efficient manner 198:230 In recent years, the Semantic Web has become the focus of life science database development as a means to link life science data in an effective and efficient manner. 24897372 2 2 theme carbohydrate 333:344 arg1 representations 351:365 carbohydrate data representations 333:365 carbohydrate data representations 333:365 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 3 dep notation 381:388 arg1 1 369:369 1 369:369 1 369:369 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 1 4 theme science 129:135 arg1 database 137:144 life science database 124:144 life science database development 124:156 In recent years, the Semantic Web has become the focus of life science database development as a means to link life science data in an effective and efficient manner. 24897372 3 5 theme linkages/linkage 763:778 arg1 positions 780:788 linkages/linkage positions 763:788 linkages/linkage positions 763:788 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 2 6 theme carbohydrate 246:257 arg1 data 259:262 carbohydrate data 246:262 carbohydrate data 246:262 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 1 7 theme efficient 215:223 arg1 manner 225:230 an effective and efficient manner 198:230 an effective and efficient manner 198:230 In recent years, the Semantic Web has become the focus of life science database development as a means to link life science data in an effective and efficient manner. 24897372 2 8 theme Resource 426:433 arg1 URI 413:415 a URI 411:415 a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) 411:445 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 8 theme Resource 426:433 arg1 Identifier 435:444 Uniform Resource Identifier 418:444 Uniform Resource Identifier 418:444 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 3 9 theme monosaccharide 634:647 arg1 units 649:653 nonstandard monosaccharide units 622:653 nonstandard monosaccharide units 622:653 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 2 10 theme unique 467:472 arg1 URI 413:415 a URI 411:415 a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) 411:445 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 10 theme unique 467:472 arg1 notation 474:481 a unique notation 465:481 (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively 461:555 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 10 theme unique 467:472 arg1 notation 381:388 a linear notation 372:388 (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed 368:455 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 3 11 theme repeating 715:723 arg1 units 725:729 repeating units 715:729 repeating units 715:729 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 2 12 theme Uniform 418:424 arg1 URI 413:415 a URI 411:415 a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) 411:445 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 12 theme Uniform 418:424 arg1 Identifier 435:444 Uniform Resource Identifier 418:444 Uniform Resource Identifier 418:444 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 3 13 theme units 649:653 arg1 representation 604:617 the possible representation 591:617 the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified 591:805 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 2 14 dep are 308:310 arg1 URI 413:415 a URI 411:415 a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) 411:445 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 14 dep are 308:310 arg1 notation 474:481 a unique notation 465:481 (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively 461:555 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 14 dep are 308:310 arg1 notation 381:388 a linear notation 372:388 (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed 368:455 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 1 15 theme database 137:144 arg1 development 146:156 life science database development 124:156 life science database development 124:156 In recent years, the Semantic Web has become the focus of life science database development as a means to link life science data in an effective and efficient manner. 24897372 2 16 theme glycan 507:512 arg1 structure 514:522 any published glycan structure 493:522 any published glycan structure 493:522 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 1 17 theme recent 69:74 arg1 years 76:80 recent years 69:80 recent years 69:80 In recent years, the Semantic Web has become the focus of life science database development as a means to link life science data in an effective and efficient manner. 24897372 4 18 theme Semantic 967:974 arg1 Web 976:978 the Semantic Web 963:978 the Semantic Web 963:978 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 1 19 theme development 146:156 arg1 focus 115:119 the focus 111:119 the focus of life science database development 111:156 In recent years, the Semantic Web has become the focus of life science database development as a means to link life science data in an effective and efficient manner. 24897372 2 20 theme linear 374:379 arg1 URI 413:415 a URI 411:415 a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) 411:445 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 20 theme linear 374:379 arg1 notation 474:481 a unique notation 465:481 (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively 461:555 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 20 theme linear 374:379 arg1 notation 381:388 a linear notation 372:388 (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed 368:455 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 3 21 theme nonstandard 622:632 arg1 units 649:653 nonstandard monosaccharide units 622:653 nonstandard monosaccharide units 622:653 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 2 22 theme published 497:505 arg1 structure 514:522 any published glycan structure 493:522 any published glycan structure 493:522 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 4 23 theme linear 912:917 arg1 Representation 853:866 the Web3 Unique Representation 837:866 the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) 837:901 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 4 23 theme linear 912:917 arg1 notation 919:926 a new linear notation 906:926 a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web 906:978 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 3 24 theme latter 563:568 arg1 requirement 570:580 This latter requirement 558:580 This latter requirement 558:580 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 0 25 theme Web3 11:14 arg1 representation 23:36 the Web3 unique representation 7:36 WURCS: the Web3 unique representation of carbohydrate structures. 0:64 WURCS: the Web3 unique representation of carbohydrate structures. 24897372 1 26 theme Semantic 87:94 arg1 Web 96:98 the Semantic Web 83:98 the Semantic Web 83:98 In recent years, the Semantic Web has become the focus of life science database development as a means to link life science data in an effective and efficient manner. 24897372 2 27 dep notation 474:481 arg1 2 462:462 2 462:462 2 462:462 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 4 28 theme Web3 841:844 arg1 Representation 853:866 the Web3 Unique Representation 837:866 the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) 837:901 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 4 28 theme Web3 841:844 arg1 notation 919:926 a new linear notation 906:926 a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web 906:978 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 0 29 theme unique 16:21 arg1 representation 23:36 the Web3 unique representation 7:36 WURCS: the Web3 unique representation of carbohydrate structures. 0:64 WURCS: the Web3 unique representation of carbohydrate structures. 24897372 3 30 theme structure 679:687 arg1 part 660:663 a part 658:663 a part of the glycan structure 658:687 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 2 31 theme data 346:349 arg1 representations 351:365 carbohydrate data representations 333:365 carbohydrate data representations 333:365 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 0 32 theme carbohydrate 41:52 arg1 structures 54:63 carbohydrate structures 41:63 carbohydrate structures 41:63 WURCS: the Web3 unique representation of carbohydrate structures. 24897372 4 33 theme Structures 884:893 arg1 Representation 853:866 the Web3 Unique Representation 837:866 the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) 837:901 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 4 33 theme Structures 884:893 arg1 notation 919:926 a new linear notation 906:926 a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web 906:978 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 2 34 theme new 286:288 arg1 technology 290:299 this new technology 281:299 this new technology 281:299 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 4 35 theme new 908:910 arg1 Representation 853:866 the Web3 Unique Representation 837:866 the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) 837:901 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 4 35 theme new 908:910 arg1 notation 919:926 a new linear notation 906:926 a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web 906:978 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 2 36 used used 403:406 arg2 URI 413:415 a URI 411:415 a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) 411:445 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 36 used used 403:406 arg2 notation 381:388 a linear notation 372:388 (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed 368:455 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 2 36 used used 403:406 arg2 notation 474:481 a unique notation 465:481 (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively 461:555 In order for carbohydrate data to be applied to this new technology, there are two requirements for carbohydrate data representations: (1) a linear notation which can be used as a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) if needed and (2) a unique notation such that any published glycan structure can be represented distinctively. 24897372 3 37 theme structures 746:755 arg1 representation 604:617 the possible representation 591:617 the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified 591:805 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 3 38 theme glycan 672:677 arg1 structure 679:687 the glycan structure 668:687 the glycan structure 668:687 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 1 39 theme science 182:188 arg1 data 190:193 life science data 177:193 life science data 177:193 In recent years, the Semantic Web has become the focus of life science database development as a means to link life science data in an effective and efficient manner. 24897372 3 40 theme units 725:729 arg1 representation 604:617 the possible representation 591:617 the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified 591:805 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 3 41 theme compositions 701:712 arg1 representation 604:617 the possible representation 591:617 the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified 591:805 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 1 42 theme life 177:180 arg1 data 190:193 life science data 177:193 life science data 177:193 In recent years, the Semantic Web has become the focus of life science database development as a means to link life science data in an effective and efficient manner. 24897372 4 43 theme Carbohydrate 871:882 arg1 WURCS 896:900 WURCS 896:900 WURCS 896:900 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 4 43 theme Carbohydrate 871:882 arg1 Structures 884:893 Carbohydrate Structures 871:893 Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) 871:901 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 3 44 theme ambiguous 736:744 arg1 structures 746:755 ambiguous structures 736:755 ambiguous structures 736:755 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 0 45 theme structures 54:63 arg1 representation 23:36 the Web3 unique representation 7:36 WURCS: the Web3 unique representation of carbohydrate structures. 0:64 WURCS: the Web3 unique representation of carbohydrate structures. 24897372 3 46 theme possible 595:602 arg1 representation 604:617 the possible representation 591:617 the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified 591:805 This latter requirement includes the possible representation of nonstandard monosaccharide units as a part of the glycan structure, as well as compositions, repeating units, and ambiguous structures where linkages/linkage positions are unidentified. 24897372 0 47 dep WURCS 0:4 arg1 representation 23:36 the Web3 unique representation 7:36 WURCS: the Web3 unique representation of carbohydrate structures. 0:64 WURCS: the Web3 unique representation of carbohydrate structures. 24897372 4 48 theme Unique 846:851 arg1 Representation 853:866 the Web3 Unique Representation 837:866 the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) 837:901 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 24897372 4 48 theme Unique 846:851 arg1 notation 919:926 a new linear notation 906:926 a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web 906:978 Therefore, we have developed the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) as a new linear notation for representing carbohydrates for the Semantic Web. 29199562 9 0 from cells 1542:1546 arg1 levels 1472:1477 the expression levels 1457:1477 the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells 1457:1546 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 8 1 contain have 1369:1372 arg1 they 1364:1367 they 1364:1367 they 1364:1367 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, suggesting that they have immunomodulatory activity. 29199562 8 1 contain have 1369:1372 arg2 activity 1391:1398 immunomodulatory activity 1374:1398 immunomodulatory activity 1374:1398 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, suggesting that they have immunomodulatory activity. 29199562 10 2 theme receptor 1626:1633 arg1 dectin-2 1635:1642 the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 1613:1642 the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 1613:1642 Moreover, the expression of the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 was significantly upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, reflecting immune activation through the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway. 29199562 1 3 theme signaling 408:416 arg1 molecules 418:426 signaling molecules 408:426 signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity 408:461 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 9 4 theme receptor 1514:1521 arg1 signaling 1523:1531 Toll-like receptor signaling 1504:1531 Toll-like receptor signaling 1504:1531 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 11 5 used used 1829:1832 arg2 enhancer 1869:1876 an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer 1837:1876 an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture 1837:1957 Our results suggest that PEBG-S could be used as an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture. 29199562 11 5 used used 1829:1832 arg2 PEBG-S 1813:1818 PEBG-S 1813:1818 PEBG-S 1813:1818 Our results suggest that PEBG-S could be used as an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture. 29199562 1 6 from effect 296:301 arg1 molecules 418:426 signaling molecules 408:426 signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity 408:461 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 1 7 theme RAW 252:254 arg1 macrophages 262:272 murine RAW 264.7 macrophages 245:272 murine RAW 264.7 macrophages 245:272 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 8 8 theme tumor 1244:1248 arg1 factor-α 1259:1266 tumor necrosis factor-α 1244:1266 tumor necrosis factor-α 1244:1266 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, suggesting that they have immunomodulatory activity. 29199562 6 9 theme resonance 928:936 arg1 analysis 938:945 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 907:945 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 907:945 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed 1,3-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl and 1,3-β-D-glucopyranosyl in PEBG-S. 29199562 1 10 theme host 442:445 arg1 immunity 454:461 host innate immunity 442:461 host innate immunity 442:461 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 8 11 theme factor-α 1259:1266 arg1 levels 1234:1239 Cellular levels 1225:1239 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 1225:1301 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, suggesting that they have immunomodulatory activity. 29199562 6 12 theme nuclear 911:917 arg1 resonance 928:936 13C nuclear magnetic resonance 907:936 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 907:945 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed 1,3-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl and 1,3-β-D-glucopyranosyl in PEBG-S. 29199562 4 13 theme p-aminobenzoic 680:693 arg1 acid 695:698 p-aminobenzoic acid 680:698 p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars 680:729 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan was characterized with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars through highperformance liquid chromatography analysis. 29199562 8 14 theme interleukin-1β 1269:1282 arg1 levels 1234:1239 Cellular levels 1225:1239 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 1225:1301 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, suggesting that they have immunomodulatory activity. 29199562 2 15 theme medium 540:545 arg1 concentrations 547:560 optimal medium concentrations 532:560 optimal medium concentrations 532:560 β-Glucan was extracted and purified from the mycelial culture using optimal medium concentrations. 29199562 10 16 theme PEBG-S 1686:1691 arg1 treatment 1693:1701 PEBG-S treatment 1686:1701 PEBG-S treatment 1686:1701 Moreover, the expression of the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 was significantly upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, reflecting immune activation through the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway. 29199562 0 17 from Mushroom 81:88 arg1 Molecules 160:168 Signaling Molecules 150:168 Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity 150:196 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 4 18 theme β-glucan 648:655 arg1 composition 633:643 Monosaccharide composition 618:643 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan 618:655 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan was characterized with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars through highperformance liquid chromatography analysis. 29199562 0 19 theme Sulfated 133:140 arg1 Form 142:145 Its Sulfated Form 129:145 Its Sulfated Form 129:145 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 1 20 theme sulfated 376:383 arg1 PEBG-S 397:402 PEBG-S 397:402 PEBG-S 397:402 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 1 20 theme sulfated 376:383 arg1 derivative 385:394 its sulfated derivative 372:394 its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) 372:403 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 7 21 theme RAW 1099:1101 arg1 cells 1109:1113 RAW 264.7 cells 1099:1113 RAW 264.7 cells treated with PEBG-S or PEBG 1099:1141 A concentration-dependent increase of nitric oxide production was noticed in RAW 264.7 cells treated with PEBG-S or PEBG; those treated with PEBG-S showed less cytotoxicity than those treated with PEBG. 29199562 5 22 dep Fourier 787:793 arg1 transform 795:803 transform 795:803 transform infrared structural analysis 795:832 Fourier transform infrared structural analysis showed an S=O bond at 1250 cm-1 and C-S-O binding at 815 cm-1 in PEBG-S. 29199562 4 23 theme highperformance 739:753 arg1 chromatography 762:775 highperformance liquid chromatography 739:775 highperformance liquid chromatography analysis 739:784 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan was characterized with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars through highperformance liquid chromatography analysis. 29199562 10 24 theme immune 1715:1720 arg1 activation 1722:1731 immune activation 1715:1731 immune activation 1715:1731 Moreover, the expression of the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 was significantly upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, reflecting immune activation through the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway. 29199562 4 25 theme chromatography 762:775 arg1 analysis 777:784 highperformance liquid chromatography analysis 739:784 highperformance liquid chromatography analysis 739:784 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan was characterized with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars through highperformance liquid chromatography analysis. 29199562 7 26 theme production 1073:1082 arg1 increase 1048:1055 A concentration-dependent increase 1022:1055 A concentration-dependent increase of nitric oxide production 1022:1082 A concentration-dependent increase of nitric oxide production was noticed in RAW 264.7 cells treated with PEBG-S or PEBG; those treated with PEBG-S showed less cytotoxicity than those treated with PEBG. 29199562 8 27 theme immunomodulatory 1374:1389 arg1 activity 1391:1398 immunomodulatory activity 1374:1398 immunomodulatory activity 1374:1398 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, suggesting that they have immunomodulatory activity. 29199562 4 28 theme ethyl 700:704 arg1 sugars 724:729 p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars 680:729 p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars 680:729 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan was characterized with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars through highperformance liquid chromatography analysis. 29199562 1 29 theme murine 245:250 arg1 macrophages 262:272 murine RAW 264.7 macrophages 245:272 murine RAW 264.7 macrophages 245:272 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 1 30 theme β-glucan 320:327 arg1 effect 296:301 the immunomodulatory effect 275:301 the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity 275:461 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 3 31 theme sulfated 603:610 arg1 form 612:615 its sulfated form 599:615 its sulfated form 599:615 It was then chemically converted to its sulfated form. 29199562 7 32 theme nitric 1060:1065 arg1 oxide 1067:1071 nitric oxide 1060:1071 nitric oxide production 1060:1082 A concentration-dependent increase of nitric oxide production was noticed in RAW 264.7 cells treated with PEBG-S or PEBG; those treated with PEBG-S showed less cytotoxicity than those treated with PEBG. 29199562 9 33 from levels 1472:1477 arg1 cells 1542:1546 cells 1542:1546 cells 1542:1546 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 2 34 theme mycelial 509:516 arg1 culture 518:524 the mycelial culture 505:524 the mycelial culture using optimal medium concentrations 505:560 β-Glucan was extracted and purified from the mycelial culture using optimal medium concentrations. 29199562 6 35 link 1,3-linked 954:963 arg1 α-D-mannopyranosyl 965:982 1,3-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl 954:982 1,3-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl 954:982 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed 1,3-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl and 1,3-β-D-glucopyranosyl in PEBG-S. 29199562 9 36 theme genes 1533:1537 arg1 levels 1472:1477 the expression levels 1457:1477 the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells 1457:1546 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 9 37 theme Real-time 1401:1409 arg1 reaction 1428:1435 Real-time polymerase chain reaction 1401:1435 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array 1401:1441 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 0 38 theme Immunomodulatory 0:15 arg1 Effects 17:23 Immunomodulatory Effects 0:23 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan 0:49 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 9 39 theme chain 1422:1426 arg1 reaction 1428:1435 Real-time polymerase chain reaction 1401:1435 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array 1401:1441 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 0 40 dep Mushroom 81:88 arg1 Pleurotus 90:98 Pleurotus 90:98 Pleurotus 90:98 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 0 40 dep Mushroom 81:88 arg1 Agaricomycetes 109:122 Agaricomycetes 109:122 Agaricomycetes 109:122 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 5 41 theme C-S-O 870:874 arg1 binding 876:882 C-S-O binding 870:882 C-S-O binding 870:882 Fourier transform infrared structural analysis showed an S=O bond at 1250 cm-1 and C-S-O binding at 815 cm-1 in PEBG-S. 29199562 9 42 from genes 1533:1537 arg1 cells 1542:1546 cells 1542:1546 cells 1542:1546 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 6 43 theme 13C 907:909 arg1 resonance 928:936 13C nuclear magnetic resonance 907:936 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 907:945 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed 1,3-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl and 1,3-β-D-glucopyranosyl in PEBG-S. 29199562 0 44 theme King 69:72 arg1 Mushroom 81:88 the King Oyster Mushroom 65:88 the King Oyster Mushroom 65:88 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 5 45 theme S=O 844:846 arg1 bond 848:851 an S=O bond 841:851 an S=O bond 841:851 Fourier transform infrared structural analysis showed an S=O bond at 1250 cm-1 and C-S-O binding at 815 cm-1 in PEBG-S. 29199562 1 46 theme immunomodulatory 279:294 arg1 effect 296:301 the immunomodulatory effect 275:301 the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity 275:461 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 0 47 theme β-Glucan 42:49 arg1 Effects 17:23 Immunomodulatory Effects 0:23 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan 0:49 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 10 48 theme β-glucan 1617:1624 arg1 dectin-2 1635:1642 the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 1613:1642 the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 1613:1642 Moreover, the expression of the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 was significantly upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, reflecting immune activation through the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway. 29199562 5 49 theme structural 814:823 arg1 analysis 825:832 structural analysis 814:832 structural analysis 814:832 Fourier transform infrared structural analysis showed an S=O bond at 1250 cm-1 and C-S-O binding at 815 cm-1 in PEBG-S. 29199562 1 50 attach isolated 329:336 arg2 β-glucan 320:327 extracellular β-glucan 306:327 extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) 306:403 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 1 50 attach isolated 329:336 arg1 derivative 385:394 its sulfated derivative 372:394 its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) 372:403 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 1 50 attach isolated 329:336 arg1 PEBG 362:365 PEBG 362:365 PEBG 362:365 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 1 50 attach isolated 329:336 arg1 eryngii 353:359 Pleurotus eryngii 343:359 Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) 343:366 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 1 50 attach isolated 329:336 arg1 PEBG-S 397:402 PEBG-S 397:402 PEBG-S 397:402 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 9 51 theme expression 1461:1470 arg1 levels 1472:1477 the expression levels 1457:1477 the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells 1457:1546 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 11 52 theme culture 1951:1957 arg1 by-product 1928:1937 the by-product 1924:1937 the by-product of mycelial culture 1924:1957 Our results suggest that PEBG-S could be used as an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture. 29199562 1 53 theme study 215:219 arg1 aim 203:205 The aim 199:205 The aim of this study 199:219 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 9 54 theme factor-κB 1490:1498 arg1 genes 1533:1537 nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes 1482:1537 nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells 1482:1546 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 10 55 theme dectin-2 1635:1642 arg1 expression 1599:1608 the expression 1595:1608 the expression of the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 1595:1642 Moreover, the expression of the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 was significantly upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, reflecting immune activation through the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway. 29199562 0 56 theme Innate 182:187 arg1 Immunity 189:196 Innate Immunity 182:196 Innate Immunity 182:196 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 9 57 theme Toll-like 1504:1512 arg1 signaling 1523:1531 Toll-like receptor signaling 1504:1531 Toll-like receptor signaling 1504:1531 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 6 58 theme 1,3-linked 954:963 arg1 α-D-mannopyranosyl 965:982 1,3-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl 954:982 1,3-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl 954:982 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed 1,3-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl and 1,3-β-D-glucopyranosyl in PEBG-S. 29199562 9 59 theme signaling 1523:1531 arg1 genes 1533:1537 nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes 1482:1537 nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells 1482:1546 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 8 60 theme Cellular 1225:1232 arg1 levels 1234:1239 Cellular levels 1225:1239 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 1225:1301 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, suggesting that they have immunomodulatory activity. 29199562 6 61 theme magnetic 919:926 arg1 resonance 928:936 13C nuclear magnetic resonance 907:936 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 907:945 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed 1,3-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl and 1,3-β-D-glucopyranosyl in PEBG-S. 29199562 1 62 theme innate 447:452 arg1 immunity 454:461 host innate immunity 442:461 host innate immunity 442:461 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 8 63 theme necrosis 1250:1257 arg1 factor-α 1259:1266 tumor necrosis factor-α 1244:1266 tumor necrosis factor-α 1244:1266 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, suggesting that they have immunomodulatory activity. 29199562 2 64 theme optimal 532:538 arg1 concentrations 547:560 optimal medium concentrations 532:560 optimal medium concentrations 532:560 β-Glucan was extracted and purified from the mycelial culture using optimal medium concentrations. 29199562 8 65 theme PEBG-S 1330:1335 arg1 treatment 1337:1345 PEBG-S treatment 1330:1345 PEBG-S treatment 1330:1345 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, suggesting that they have immunomodulatory activity. 29199562 11 66 dep adjuvant 1850:1857 arg1 effective 1840:1848 effective 1840:1848 effective 1840:1848 Our results suggest that PEBG-S could be used as an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture. 29199562 5 67 theme 815 887:889 arg1 cm-1 891:894 815 cm-1 887:894 815 cm-1 in PEBG-S 887:904 Fourier transform infrared structural analysis showed an S=O bond at 1250 cm-1 and C-S-O binding at 815 cm-1 in PEBG-S. 29199562 11 68 theme mycelial 1942:1949 arg1 culture 1951:1957 mycelial culture 1942:1957 mycelial culture 1942:1957 Our results suggest that PEBG-S could be used as an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture. 29199562 0 69 theme Signaling 150:158 arg1 Molecules 160:168 Signaling Molecules 150:168 Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity 150:196 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 5 70 from cm-1 891:894 arg1 PEBG-S 899:904 PEBG-S 899:904 PEBG-S 899:904 Fourier transform infrared structural analysis showed an S=O bond at 1250 cm-1 and C-S-O binding at 815 cm-1 in PEBG-S. 29199562 8 71 theme interleukin-6 1289:1301 arg1 levels 1234:1239 Cellular levels 1225:1239 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 1225:1301 Cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, suggesting that they have immunomodulatory activity. 29199562 5 72 dep transform 795:803 arg1 infrared 805:812 infrared 805:812 transform infrared structural analysis 795:832 Fourier transform infrared structural analysis showed an S=O bond at 1250 cm-1 and C-S-O binding at 815 cm-1 in PEBG-S. 29199562 4 73 theme liquid 755:760 arg1 chromatography 762:775 highperformance liquid chromatography 739:775 highperformance liquid chromatography analysis 739:784 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan was characterized with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars through highperformance liquid chromatography analysis. 29199562 11 74 theme immune 1862:1867 arg1 PEBG-S 1813:1818 PEBG-S 1813:1818 PEBG-S 1813:1818 Our results suggest that PEBG-S could be used as an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture. 29199562 11 74 theme immune 1862:1867 arg1 enhancer 1869:1876 an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer 1837:1876 an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture 1837:1957 Our results suggest that PEBG-S could be used as an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture. 29199562 0 75 theme Oyster 74:79 arg1 Mushroom 81:88 the King Oyster Mushroom 65:88 the King Oyster Mushroom 65:88 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 4 76 theme acid 695:698 arg1 sugars 724:729 p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars 680:729 p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars 680:729 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan was characterized with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars through highperformance liquid chromatography analysis. 29199562 11 77 theme adjuvant 1850:1857 arg1 PEBG-S 1813:1818 PEBG-S 1813:1818 PEBG-S 1813:1818 Our results suggest that PEBG-S could be used as an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture. 29199562 11 77 theme adjuvant 1850:1857 arg1 enhancer 1869:1876 an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer 1837:1876 an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture 1837:1957 Our results suggest that PEBG-S could be used as an effective adjuvant or immune enhancer that can be sustainably produced by recycling the by-product of mycelial culture. 29199562 7 78 theme oxide 1067:1071 arg1 production 1073:1082 nitric oxide production 1060:1082 nitric oxide production 1060:1082 A concentration-dependent increase of nitric oxide production was noticed in RAW 264.7 cells treated with PEBG-S or PEBG; those treated with PEBG-S showed less cytotoxicity than those treated with PEBG. 29199562 4 79 theme ester-derivatized 706:722 arg1 sugars 724:729 p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars 680:729 p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars 680:729 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan was characterized with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars through highperformance liquid chromatography analysis. 29199562 4 80 theme Monosaccharide 618:631 arg1 composition 633:643 Monosaccharide composition 618:643 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan 618:655 Monosaccharide composition of β-glucan was characterized with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-derivatized sugars through highperformance liquid chromatography analysis. 29199562 7 81 theme concentration-dependent 1024:1046 arg1 increase 1048:1055 A concentration-dependent increase 1022:1055 A concentration-dependent increase of nitric oxide production 1022:1082 A concentration-dependent increase of nitric oxide production was noticed in RAW 264.7 cells treated with PEBG-S or PEBG; those treated with PEBG-S showed less cytotoxicity than those treated with PEBG. 29199562 10 82 theme CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1 1759:1776 arg1 pathway 1779:1785 the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway 1741:1785 the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway 1741:1785 Moreover, the expression of the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 was significantly upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, reflecting immune activation through the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway. 29199562 5 83 theme 1250 856:859 arg1 cm-1 861:864 1250 cm-1 856:864 1250 cm-1 856:864 Fourier transform infrared structural analysis showed an S=O bond at 1250 cm-1 and C-S-O binding at 815 cm-1 in PEBG-S. 29199562 9 84 theme polymerase 1411:1420 arg1 reaction 1428:1435 Real-time polymerase chain reaction 1401:1435 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array 1401:1441 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 0 85 dep Pleurotus 90:98 arg1 eryngii 100:106 Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) 90:123 Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) 90:123 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 10 86 theme dectin-2-Syk- 1745:1757 arg1 pathway 1779:1785 the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway 1741:1785 the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway 1741:1785 Moreover, the expression of the β-glucan receptor dectin-2 was significantly upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S treatment, reflecting immune activation through the dectin-2-Syk-(CARD9/Bcl-10/MALT1) pathway. 29199562 0 87 theme Extracellular 28:40 arg1 β-Glucan 42:49 Extracellular β-Glucan 28:49 Extracellular β-Glucan 28:49 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 9 88 theme reaction 1428:1435 arg1 array 1437:1441 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array 1401:1441 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array 1401:1441 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 29199562 1 89 theme extracellular 306:318 arg1 β-glucan 320:327 extracellular β-glucan 306:327 extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) 306:403 The aim of this study was to determine, using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the immunomodulatory effect of extracellular β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus eryngii (PEBG) and its sulfated derivative (PEBG-S) on signaling molecules implicated in host innate immunity. 29199562 0 90 from Form 142:145 arg1 Molecules 160:168 Signaling Molecules 150:168 Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity 150:196 Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular β-Glucan Isolated from the King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) and Its Sulfated Form on Signaling Molecules Involved in Innate Immunity. 29199562 9 91 theme nuclear 1482:1488 arg1 factor-κB 1490:1498 nuclear factor-κB 1482:1498 nuclear factor-κB 1482:1498 Real-time polymerase chain reaction array revealed that the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling genes in cells were upregulated by PEBG and PEBG-S. 26883774 9 0 theme mesenchymal 2079:2089 arg1 cells 2096:2100 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2061:2100 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2061:2100 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 9 1 theme culture 2001:2007 arg1 experiments 2009:2019 cell culture experiments 1996:2019 cell culture experiments using the hydrogel 1996:2038 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 3 2 theme stem 1001:1004 arg1 cells 1006:1010 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 971:1010 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 971:1010 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 5 3 theme extracellular 1508:1520 arg1 matrix 1522:1527 the extracellular matrix 1504:1527 the extracellular matrix 1504:1527 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is postulated that the stiffness of the extracellular matrix influences cell behavior. 26883774 1 4 theme stiffness 287:295 arg1 degrees 276:282 different degrees 266:282 different degrees of stiffness 266:295 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 5 5 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1452:1463 arg1 It 1465:1466 It 1465:1466 It 1465:1466 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is postulated that the stiffness of the extracellular matrix influences cell behavior. 26883774 3 6 theme marrow 982:987 arg1 cells 1006:1010 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 971:1010 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 971:1010 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 2 7 theme -contacting 734:744 arg1 method 771:776 a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method 711:776 a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel 711:871 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 4 8 from reprogramming 1351:1363 arg1 terms 1409:1413 terms 1409:1413 terms of substrate stiffness 1409:1436 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 9 theme useful 1272:1277 arg1 hydrogel 1214:1221 The PVA/HA hydrogel 1203:1221 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum 1203:1261 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 9 theme useful 1272:1277 arg1 tool 1279:1282 a useful tool 1270:1282 a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness 1270:1436 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 8 10 theme gradient 1972:1979 arg1 hydrogel 1981:1988 a stiffness gradient hydrogel 1960:1988 a stiffness gradient hydrogel 1960:1988 Herein, we develop a substrate (hydrogel) with a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 1 11 theme cell 202:205 arg1 behavior 207:214 cell behavior 202:214 cell behavior 202:214 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 2 12 theme wide-range 614:623 arg1 gradient 635:642 a wide-range stiffness gradient 612:642 a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) 612:671 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 3 13 theme stiffness 1027:1035 arg1 ranges 1037:1042 favorable stiffness ranges 1017:1042 favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast) 1017:1200 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 8 14 theme wide-range 1842:1851 arg1 gradient 1863:1870 a wide-range stiffness gradient 1840:1870 a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel 1840:1988 Herein, we develop a substrate (hydrogel) with a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 1 15 with substrates 298:307 arg1 gradient 339:346 a narrow range stiffness gradient 314:346 a narrow range stiffness gradient 314:346 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 4 16 theme cell 1346:1349 arg1 reprogramming 1351:1363 cell reprogramming 1346:1363 cell reprogramming 1346:1363 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 6 17 dep techniques 1586:1595 arg1 prepare 1600:1606 prepare 1600:1606 to prepare substrates with a stiffness gradient 1597:1643 To prove this concept, various techniques to prepare substrates with a stiffness gradient have been developed. 26883774 2 18 theme alcohol 563:569 arg1 hydrogel 598:605 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 539:605 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness 539:693 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 2 19 theme freezing-thawing 754:769 arg1 method 771:776 a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method 711:776 a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel 711:871 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 9 20 theme differentiation 2151:2165 arg1 induction 2138:2146 induction 2138:2146 induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system) 2138:2295 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 1 21 theme fabrication 410:420 arg1 hurdles 488:494 hurdles 488:494 hurdles of conventional techniques 488:521 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 21 theme fabrication 410:420 arg1 adhesion 455:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 21 theme fabrication 410:420 arg1 procedures/devices 422:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 21 theme fabrication 410:420 arg1 composition 389:399 different surface composition 371:399 different surface composition 371:399 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 3 22 dep in 882:883 arg1 vitro 885:889 vitro 885:889 vitro 885:889 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 9 23 theme stem 2091:2094 arg1 cells 2096:2100 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2061:2100 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2061:2100 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 4 24 theme stem 1319:1322 arg1 differentiation 1329:1343 stem cell differentiation 1319:1343 stem cell differentiation 1319:1343 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 8 25 theme freezing-thawing 1888:1903 arg1 method 1905:1910 a gradual freezing-thawing method 1878:1910 a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel 1878:1988 Herein, we develop a substrate (hydrogel) with a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 2 26 theme /hyaluronic 576:586 arg1 hydrogel 598:605 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 539:605 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness 539:693 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 1 27 theme low 446:448 arg1 hurdles 488:494 hurdles 488:494 hurdles of conventional techniques 488:521 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 27 theme low 446:448 arg1 adhesion 455:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 27 theme low 446:448 arg1 procedures/devices 422:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 27 theme low 446:448 arg1 composition 389:399 different surface composition 371:399 different surface composition 371:399 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 7 28 theme narrow 1679:1684 arg1 ranges 1686:1691 the narrow ranges 1675:1691 the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices 1675:1756 However, the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices are still remained as limitations. 26883774 7 28 theme narrow 1679:1684 arg1 limitations 1780:1790 limitations 1780:1790 limitations 1780:1790 However, the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices are still remained as limitations. 26883774 0 29 theme cell 66:69 arg1 behavior 87:94 stem cell differentiation behavior 61:94 stem cell differentiation behavior 61:94 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel to investigate stem cell differentiation behavior. 26883774 8 30 theme specific 1932:1939 arg1 devices 1941:1947 specific devices 1932:1947 specific devices 1932:1947 Herein, we develop a substrate (hydrogel) with a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 1 31 theme stiffness 189:197 arg1 substrates 298:307 substrates 298:307 substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient 298:346 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 31 theme stiffness 189:197 arg1 effect 179:184 the effect 175:184 the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function 175:227 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 31 theme stiffness 189:197 arg1 toxicity 349:356 toxicity 349:356 toxicity of residues 349:368 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 31 theme stiffness 189:197 arg1 use 234:236 the use 230:236 the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness 230:295 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 2 32 theme cylindrical 541:551 arg1 PVA 572:574 PVA 572:574 PVA 572:574 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 2 32 theme cylindrical 541:551 arg1 alcohol 563:569 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol 539:569 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness 539:693 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 3 33 theme cell 891:894 arg1 culture 896:902 an in vitro cell culture 879:902 an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 879:947 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 1 34 theme surface 381:387 arg1 hurdles 488:494 hurdles 488:494 hurdles of conventional techniques 488:521 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 34 theme surface 381:387 arg1 adhesion 455:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 34 theme surface 381:387 arg1 procedures/devices 422:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 34 theme surface 381:387 arg1 composition 389:399 different surface composition 371:399 different surface composition 371:399 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 3 35 theme cell 1091:1094 arg1 types 1096:1100 specific cell types 1082:1100 specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast) 1082:1200 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 3 36 theme in 882:883 arg1 culture 896:902 an in vitro cell culture 879:902 an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 879:947 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 3 37 contain have 1012:1015 arg2 ranges 1037:1042 favorable stiffness ranges 1017:1042 favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast) 1017:1200 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 3 37 contain have 1012:1015 arg1 cells 1006:1010 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 971:1010 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 971:1010 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 0 38 theme differentiation 71:85 arg1 behavior 87:94 stem cell differentiation behavior 61:94 stem cell differentiation behavior 61:94 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel to investigate stem cell differentiation behavior. 26883774 8 39 with substrate 1814:1822 arg1 gradient 1863:1870 a wide-range stiffness gradient 1840:1870 a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel 1840:1988 Herein, we develop a substrate (hydrogel) with a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 0 40 theme Wide-range 0:9 arg1 hydrogel 37:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 0:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 0:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel to investigate stem cell differentiation behavior. 26883774 1 41 theme stiffness-controllable 106:127 arg1 substrates 129:138 stiffness-controllable substrates 106:138 stiffness-controllable substrates 106:138 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 3 42 theme stiffness 914:922 arg1 hydrogel 940:947 the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 910:947 the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 910:947 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 0 43 theme gradient 21:28 arg1 hydrogel 37:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 0:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 0:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel to investigate stem cell differentiation behavior. 26883774 1 44 with use 234:236 arg1 degrees 276:282 different degrees 266:282 different degrees of stiffness 266:295 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 4 45 theme substrate 1418:1426 arg1 stiffness 1428:1436 substrate stiffness 1418:1436 substrate stiffness 1418:1436 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 1 46 theme narrow 316:321 arg1 gradient 339:346 a narrow range stiffness gradient 314:346 a narrow range stiffness gradient 314:346 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 9 47 dep types 2186:2190 arg1 ∼20kPa 2193:2198 ∼20kPa 2193:2198 ∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system 2193:2294 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 5 48 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1452:1463 arg1 STATEMENT 1439:1447 STATEMENT 1439:1447 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It 1439:1466 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is postulated that the stiffness of the extracellular matrix influences cell behavior. 26883774 4 49 theme stiffness 1244:1252 arg1 spectrum 1254:1261 stiffness spectrum 1244:1261 stiffness spectrum 1244:1261 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 9 50 theme favorable 2107:2115 arg1 ranges 2127:2132 favorable stiffness ranges 2107:2132 favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system) 2107:2295 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 1 51 theme stiffness 329:337 arg1 gradient 339:346 a narrow range stiffness gradient 314:346 a narrow range stiffness gradient 314:346 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 3 52 theme PVA/HA 933:938 arg1 hydrogel 940:947 the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 910:947 the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 910:947 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 7 53 theme complex 1719:1725 arg1 fabrication 1727:1737 complex fabrication 1719:1737 complex fabrication 1719:1737 However, the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices are still remained as limitations. 26883774 2 54 theme stiffness 845:853 arg1 hydrogel 864:871 the stiffness gradient hydrogel 841:871 the stiffness gradient hydrogel 841:871 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 4 55 from regeneration 1393:1404 arg1 terms 1409:1413 terms 1409:1413 terms of substrate stiffness 1409:1436 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 9 56 theme human 2061:2065 arg1 marrow 2072:2077 human bone marrow 2061:2077 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2061:2100 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 9 57 theme hydrogel 2280:2287 arg1 system 2289:2294 our hydrogel system 2276:2294 our hydrogel system 2276:2294 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 1 58 theme substrates 250:259 arg1 effect 179:184 the effect 175:184 the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function 175:227 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 58 theme substrates 250:259 arg1 use 234:236 the use 230:236 the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness 230:295 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 7 59 dep gradient 1706:1713 arg1 procedures/devices 1739:1756 procedures/devices 1739:1756 procedures/devices 1739:1756 However, the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices are still remained as limitations. 26883774 9 60 theme marrow 2072:2077 arg1 cells 2096:2100 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2061:2100 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2061:2100 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 1 61 theme different 266:274 arg1 degrees 276:282 different degrees 266:282 different degrees of stiffness 266:295 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 3 62 theme muscle 1137:1142 arg1 cell 1144:1147 muscle cell 1137:1147 muscle cell 1137:1147 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 3 63 theme mesenchymal 989:999 arg1 cells 1006:1010 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 971:1010 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 971:1010 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 2 64 theme specific 813:820 arg1 devices 822:828 specific devices 813:828 specific devices 813:828 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 4 65 from migration 1371:1379 arg1 terms 1409:1413 terms 1409:1413 terms of substrate stiffness 1409:1436 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 66 theme basic 1288:1292 arg1 studies 1294:1300 basic studies 1288:1300 basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness 1288:1436 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 2 67 theme HA 594:595 arg1 hydrogel 598:605 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 539:605 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness 539:693 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 3 68 theme bone 977:980 arg1 marrow 982:987 human bone marrow 971:987 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 971:1010 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 2 69 theme gradual 746:752 arg1 method 771:776 a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method 711:776 a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel 711:871 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 5 70 theme matrix 1522:1527 arg1 stiffness 1491:1499 the stiffness 1487:1499 the stiffness of the extracellular matrix 1487:1527 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is postulated that the stiffness of the extracellular matrix influences cell behavior. 26883774 4 71 dep differentiation 1329:1343 arg1 the 1315:1317 the 1315:1317 the 1315:1317 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 2 72 theme stiffness 625:633 arg1 gradient 635:642 a wide-range stiffness gradient 612:642 a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) 612:671 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 3 73 theme favorable 1017:1025 arg1 ranges 1037:1042 favorable stiffness ranges 1017:1042 favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast) 1017:1200 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 9 74 theme stiffness 2117:2125 arg1 ranges 2127:2132 favorable stiffness ranges 2107:2132 favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system) 2107:2295 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 8 75 theme stiffness 1853:1861 arg1 gradient 1863:1870 a wide-range stiffness gradient 1840:1870 a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel 1840:1988 Herein, we develop a substrate (hydrogel) with a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 2 76 with hydrogel 598:605 arg1 adhesiveness 682:693 cell adhesiveness 677:693 cell adhesiveness 677:693 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 2 76 with hydrogel 598:605 arg1 gradient 635:642 a wide-range stiffness gradient 612:642 a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) 612:671 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 7 77 theme gradient 1706:1713 arg1 ranges 1686:1691 the narrow ranges 1675:1691 the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices 1675:1756 However, the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices are still remained as limitations. 26883774 7 77 theme gradient 1706:1713 arg1 limitations 1780:1790 limitations 1780:1790 limitations 1780:1790 However, the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices are still remained as limitations. 26883774 4 78 from differentiation 1329:1343 arg1 terms 1409:1413 terms 1409:1413 terms of substrate stiffness 1409:1436 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 79 theme cell 1324:1327 arg1 differentiation 1329:1343 stem cell differentiation 1319:1343 stem cell differentiation 1319:1343 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 1 80 theme conventional 499:510 arg1 techniques 512:521 conventional techniques 499:521 conventional techniques 499:521 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 9 81 contain have 2102:2105 arg2 ranges 2127:2132 favorable stiffness ranges 2107:2132 favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system) 2107:2295 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 9 81 contain have 2102:2105 arg1 cells 2096:2100 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2061:2100 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2061:2100 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 8 82 theme gradual 1880:1886 arg1 method 1905:1910 a gradual freezing-thawing method 1878:1910 a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel 1878:1988 Herein, we develop a substrate (hydrogel) with a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 1 83 theme complex 402:408 arg1 hurdles 488:494 hurdles 488:494 hurdles of conventional techniques 488:521 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 83 theme complex 402:408 arg1 adhesion 455:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 83 theme complex 402:408 arg1 procedures/devices 422:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 83 theme complex 402:408 arg1 composition 389:399 different surface composition 371:399 different surface composition 371:399 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 2 84 theme polyvinyl 553:561 arg1 PVA 572:574 PVA 572:574 PVA 572:574 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 2 84 theme polyvinyl 553:561 arg1 alcohol 563:569 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol 539:569 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness 539:693 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 4 85 with hydrogel 1214:1221 arg1 range 1235:1239 a wide range 1228:1239 a wide range of stiffness spectrum 1228:1261 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 86 theme related 1302:1308 arg1 studies 1294:1300 basic studies 1288:1300 basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness 1288:1436 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 9 87 from ∼20kPa 2193:2198 arg1 system 2289:2294 our hydrogel system 2276:2294 our hydrogel system 2276:2294 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 2 88 theme acid 588:591 arg1 hydrogel 598:605 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel 539:605 a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness 539:693 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 6 89 theme stiffness 1626:1634 arg1 gradient 1636:1643 a stiffness gradient 1624:1643 a stiffness gradient 1624:1643 To prove this concept, various techniques to prepare substrates with a stiffness gradient have been developed. 26883774 9 90 theme cell 2181:2184 arg1 types 2186:2190 specific cell types 2172:2190 specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system) 2172:2295 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 7 91 theme stiffness 1696:1704 arg1 gradient 1706:1713 stiffness gradient 1696:1713 stiffness gradient 1696:1713 However, the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices are still remained as limitations. 26883774 3 92 dep types 1096:1100 arg1 ∼20kPa 1103:1108 ∼20kPa 1103:1108 ∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast 1103:1199 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 1 93 theme cell 450:453 arg1 hurdles 488:494 hurdles 488:494 hurdles of conventional techniques 488:521 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 93 theme cell 450:453 arg1 adhesion 455:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 93 theme cell 450:453 arg1 procedures/devices 422:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 93 theme cell 450:453 arg1 composition 389:399 different surface composition 371:399 different surface composition 371:399 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 2 94 theme liquid 713:718 arg1 method 771:776 a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method 711:776 a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel 711:871 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 4 95 theme tissue 1386:1391 arg1 regeneration 1393:1404 tissue regeneration 1386:1404 tissue regeneration 1386:1404 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 1 96 theme residues 361:368 arg1 effect 179:184 the effect 175:184 the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function 175:227 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 96 theme residues 361:368 arg1 toxicity 349:356 toxicity 349:356 toxicity of residues 349:368 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 4 97 theme PVA/HA 1207:1212 arg1 hydrogel 1214:1221 The PVA/HA hydrogel 1203:1221 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum 1203:1261 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 97 theme PVA/HA 1207:1212 arg1 tool 1279:1282 a useful tool 1270:1282 a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness 1270:1436 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 98 theme cell 1366:1369 arg1 migration 1371:1379 cell migration 1366:1379 cell migration 1366:1379 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 8 99 theme stiffness 1962:1970 arg1 hydrogel 1981:1988 a stiffness gradient hydrogel 1960:1988 a stiffness gradient hydrogel 1960:1988 Herein, we develop a substrate (hydrogel) with a wide-range stiffness gradient using a gradual freezing-thawing method which does not need specific devices to produce a stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 1 100 theme different 371:379 arg1 hurdles 488:494 hurdles 488:494 hurdles of conventional techniques 488:521 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 100 theme different 371:379 arg1 adhesion 455:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 100 theme different 371:379 arg1 procedures/devices 422:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 100 theme different 371:379 arg1 composition 389:399 different surface composition 371:399 different surface composition 371:399 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 3 101 theme specific 1082:1089 arg1 types 1096:1100 specific cell types 1082:1100 specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast) 1082:1200 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 1 102 from effect 179:184 arg1 behavior 207:214 cell behavior 202:214 cell behavior 202:214 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 102 from effect 179:184 arg1 function 220:227 function 220:227 function 220:227 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 9 103 theme specific 2172:2179 arg1 types 2186:2190 specific cell types 2172:2190 specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system) 2172:2295 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 2 104 theme cell 677:680 arg1 adhesiveness 682:693 cell adhesiveness 677:693 cell adhesiveness 677:693 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 4 105 theme stiffness 1428:1436 arg1 terms 1409:1413 terms 1409:1413 terms of substrate stiffness 1409:1436 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 0 106 theme stiffness 11:19 arg1 hydrogel 37:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 0:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 0:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel to investigate stem cell differentiation behavior. 26883774 3 107 theme differentiation 1061:1075 arg1 induction 1048:1056 induction 1048:1056 induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast) 1048:1200 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 5 108 theme cell 1540:1543 arg1 behavior 1545:1552 cell behavior 1540:1552 cell behavior 1540:1552 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is postulated that the stiffness of the extracellular matrix influences cell behavior. 26883774 0 109 theme PVA/HA 30:35 arg1 hydrogel 37:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 0:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 0:44 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel to investigate stem cell differentiation behavior. 26883774 6 110 theme various 1578:1584 arg1 techniques 1586:1595 various techniques 1578:1595 various techniques to prepare substrates with a stiffness gradient 1578:1643 To prove this concept, various techniques to prepare substrates with a stiffness gradient have been developed. 26883774 3 111 theme gradient 924:931 arg1 hydrogel 940:947 the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 910:947 the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel 910:947 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 7 112 theme fabrication 1727:1737 arg1 ranges 1686:1691 the narrow ranges 1675:1691 the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices 1675:1756 However, the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices are still remained as limitations. 26883774 7 112 theme fabrication 1727:1737 arg1 limitations 1780:1790 limitations 1780:1790 limitations 1780:1790 However, the narrow ranges of stiffness gradient and complex fabrication procedures/devices are still remained as limitations. 26883774 4 113 with related 1302:1308 arg1 differentiation 1329:1343 stem cell differentiation 1319:1343 stem cell differentiation 1319:1343 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 113 with related 1302:1308 arg1 reprogramming 1351:1363 cell reprogramming 1346:1363 cell reprogramming 1346:1363 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 113 with related 1302:1308 arg1 migration 1371:1379 cell migration 1366:1379 cell migration 1366:1379 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 113 with related 1302:1308 arg1 regeneration 1393:1404 tissue regeneration 1386:1404 tissue regeneration 1386:1404 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 4 114 theme spectrum 1254:1261 arg1 range 1235:1239 a wide range 1228:1239 a wide range of stiffness spectrum 1228:1261 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 1 115 theme techniques 512:521 arg1 hurdles 488:494 hurdles 488:494 hurdles of conventional techniques 488:521 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 115 theme techniques 512:521 arg1 adhesion 455:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 low cell adhesion 446:462 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 115 theme techniques 512:521 arg1 procedures/devices 422:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 complex fabrication procedures/devices 402:439 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 1 115 theme techniques 512:521 arg1 composition 389:399 different surface composition 371:399 different surface composition 371:399 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 0 116 theme stem 61:64 arg1 behavior 87:94 stem cell differentiation behavior 61:94 stem cell differentiation behavior 61:94 Wide-range stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel to investigate stem cell differentiation behavior. 26883774 1 117 theme range 323:327 arg1 gradient 339:346 a narrow range stiffness gradient 314:346 a narrow range stiffness gradient 314:346 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 3 118 theme nerve 1114:1118 arg1 cell 1120:1123 nerve cell 1114:1123 nerve cell 1114:1123 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 9 119 theme cell 1996:1999 arg1 experiments 2009:2019 cell culture experiments 1996:2019 cell culture experiments using the hydrogel 1996:2038 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 26883774 2 120 theme gradient 855:862 arg1 hydrogel 864:871 the stiffness gradient hydrogel 841:871 the stiffness gradient hydrogel 841:871 In this study, a cylindrical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with a wide-range stiffness gradient (between ∼20kPa and ∼200kPa) and cell adhesiveness was prepared by a liquid nitrogen (LN2)-contacting gradual freezing-thawing method that does not use any additives or specific devices to produce the stiffness gradient hydrogel. 26883774 4 121 theme wide 1230:1233 arg1 range 1235:1239 a wide range 1228:1239 a wide range of stiffness spectrum 1228:1261 The PVA/HA hydrogel with a wide range of stiffness spectrum can be a useful tool for basic studies related with the stem cell differentiation, cell reprogramming, cell migration, and tissue regeneration in terms of substrate stiffness. 26883774 1 122 theme separate 241:248 arg1 substrates 250:259 separate substrates 241:259 separate substrates 241:259 Although stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior and function, the use of separate substrates with different degrees of stiffness, substrates with a narrow range stiffness gradient, toxicity of residues, different surface composition, complex fabrication procedures/devices, and low cell adhesion are still considered as hurdles of conventional techniques. 26883774 3 123 theme human 971:975 arg1 marrow 982:987 human bone marrow 971:987 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 971:1010 From an in vitro cell culture using the stiffness gradient PVA/HA hydrogel, it was observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve cell, ∼40kPa for muscle cell, ∼80kPa for chondrocyte, and ∼190kPa for osteoblast). 26883774 9 124 theme bone 2067:2070 arg1 marrow 2072:2077 human bone marrow 2061:2077 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 2061:2100 From cell culture experiments using the hydrogel, it is observed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have favorable stiffness ranges for induction of differentiation into specific cell types (∼20kPa for nerve, ∼40kPa for muscle, ∼80kPa for cartilage, and ∼190kPa for bone in our hydrogel system). 25013230 17 0 theme type 1932:1935 arg1 strain 1937:1942 The type strain 1928:1942 The type strain 1928:1942 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 17 0 theme type 1932:1935 arg1 DDT-3 1947:1951 DDT-3 1947:1951 DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)) 1947:1995 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 13 1 theme DNA-DNA 1478:1484 arg1 hybridization 1486:1498 DNA-DNA hybridization 1478:1498 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) 1474:1546 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) was 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%). 25013230 15 2 theme Pseudoxanthobacter 1875:1892 arg1 sp 1906:1907 the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp 1866:1907 the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp 1866:1907 Strain DDT-3(T), therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthobacter, for which the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 25013230 12 3 theme strain 1423:1428 arg1 DDT-3 1430:1434 strain DDT-3 1423:1434 strain DDT-3(T) 1423:1437 These chemotaxonomic data support the affiliation of strain DDT-3(T) with the genus Pseudoxanthobacter. 25013230 12 3 theme strain 1423:1428 arg1 T 1436:1436 T 1436:1436 T 1436:1436 These chemotaxonomic data support the affiliation of strain DDT-3(T) with the genus Pseudoxanthobacter. 25013230 7 4 theme fatty 848:852 arg1 ω8c 896:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c 884:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%) 884:906 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 7 4 theme fatty 848:852 arg1 acids 854:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) 829:877 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 7 5 theme major 833:837 arg1 ω8c 896:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c 884:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%) 884:906 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 7 5 theme major 833:837 arg1 acids 854:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) 829:877 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 10 6 theme polar 1088:1092 arg1 glycolipid 1106:1115 glycolipid 1106:1115 glycolipid 1106:1115 The major polar lipids were glycolipid, lipid, phosphatidylcholine, aminolipid, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 25013230 10 6 theme polar 1088:1092 arg1 lipids 1094:1099 The major polar lipids 1078:1099 The major polar lipids 1078:1099 The major polar lipids were glycolipid, lipid, phosphatidylcholine, aminolipid, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 25013230 0 7 theme Pseudoxanthobacter 0:17 arg1 sp 31:32 Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp 0:32 Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 0:33 Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 25013230 17 8 theme CCTCC 1976:1980 arg1 2013167 1985:1991 = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167 1958:1991 = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T) 1958:1994 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 17 8 theme CCTCC 1976:1980 arg1 DDT-3 1947:1951 DDT-3 1947:1951 DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)) 1947:1995 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 17 8 theme CCTCC 1976:1980 arg1 T 1993:1993 T 1993:1993 T 1993:1993 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 2 9 dep China 283:287 arg1 PR 280:281 Liyang, PR China 272:287 PR 280:281 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 5 10 theme highest 531:537 arg1 similarity 539:548 the highest similarity 527:548 the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%) 527:598 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 13 11 theme reciprocal 1559:1568 arg1 % 1556:1556 47.8% 1552:1556 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%) 1552:1575 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) was 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%). 25013230 13 11 theme reciprocal 1559:1568 arg1 % 1574:1574 reciprocal 44.3% 1559:1574 reciprocal 44.3% 1559:1574 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) was 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%). 25013230 14 12 theme strain 1753:1758 arg1 T 1764:1764 T 1764:1764 T 1764:1764 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 14 12 theme strain 1753:1758 arg1 CC4 1760:1762 strain CC4 1753:1762 strain CC4(T) 1753:1765 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 5 13 theme soli 580:583 arg1 CC4 585:587 Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4 561:587 Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%) 561:598 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 13 theme soli 580:583 arg1 % 597:597 99.6% 593:597 99.6% 593:597 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 13 theme soli 580:583 arg1 T 589:589 T 589:589 T 589:589 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 14 theme YIM 706:708 arg1 T 714:714 T 714:714 T 714:714 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 14 theme YIM 706:708 arg1 D10 710:712 Amorphus orientalis YIM D10 686:712 Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%) 686:723 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 14 theme YIM 706:708 arg1 % 722:722 93.0% 718:722 93.0% 718:722 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 8 15 theme only 949:952 arg1 quinone 966:972 The only respiratory quinone 945:972 The only respiratory quinone 945:972 The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. 25013230 8 15 theme only 949:952 arg1 Q-10 989:992 ubiquinone Q-10 978:992 ubiquinone Q-10 978:992 The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. 25013230 5 16 theme Kaistia 613:619 arg1 % 647:647 93.3% 643:647 93.3% 643:647 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 16 theme Kaistia 613:619 arg1 T 639:639 T 639:639 T 639:639 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 16 theme Kaistia 613:619 arg1 B6-8 634:637 Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8 613:637 Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%) 613:648 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 2 17 theme Liyang 272:277 arg1 China 283:287 Liyang, PR China 272:287 China 283:287 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 12 18 with affiliation 1408:1418 arg1 Pseudoxanthobacter 1454:1471 the genus Pseudoxanthobacter 1444:1471 the genus Pseudoxanthobacter 1444:1471 These chemotaxonomic data support the affiliation of strain DDT-3(T) with the genus Pseudoxanthobacter. 25013230 2 19 dep aerobic 109:115 arg1 nitrogen-fixing 157:171 nitrogen-fixing 157:171 nitrogen-fixing 157:171 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 2 19 dep aerobic 109:115 arg1 rod-shaped 145:154 rod-shaped 145:154 rod-shaped 145:154 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 2 19 dep aerobic 109:115 arg1 pale 139:142 pale 139:142 pale 139:142 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 2 19 dep aerobic 109:115 arg1 negative 129:136 negative 129:136 negative 129:136 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 8 20 theme ubiquinone 978:987 arg1 quinone 966:972 The only respiratory quinone 945:972 The only respiratory quinone 945:972 The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. 25013230 8 20 theme ubiquinone 978:987 arg1 Q-10 989:992 ubiquinone Q-10 978:992 ubiquinone Q-10 978:992 The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. 25013230 13 21 theme strain 1534:1539 arg1 CC4 1541:1543 strain CC4 1534:1543 strain CC4(T) 1534:1546 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) was 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%). 25013230 13 21 theme strain 1534:1539 arg1 T 1545:1545 T 1545:1545 T 1545:1545 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) was 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%). 25013230 5 22 theme strain 504:509 arg1 DDT-3 511:515 strain DDT-3 504:515 strain DDT-3(T) 504:518 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 22 theme strain 504:509 arg1 T 517:517 T 517:517 T 517:517 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 23 theme Amorphus 686:693 arg1 T 714:714 T 714:714 T 714:714 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 23 theme Amorphus 686:693 arg1 D10 710:712 Amorphus orientalis YIM D10 686:712 Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%) 686:723 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 23 theme Amorphus 686:693 arg1 % 722:722 93.0% 718:722 93.0% 718:722 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 6 24 dep similarity 766:775 arg1 % 764:764 % 764:764 % 764:764 Strain DDT-3(T) showed less than 92.6 % similarity with other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae. 25013230 14 25 theme biochemical 1620:1630 arg1 characteristics 1650:1664 the biochemical and physiological characteristics 1616:1664 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics 1578:1664 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 14 26 theme DDT-3 1740:1744 arg1 differentiation 1714:1728 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1685:1728 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) 1685:1765 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 5 27 theme rRNA 482:485 arg1 sequence 492:499 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 474:499 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) 474:518 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 2 28 attach isolated 205:212 arg2 strain 183:188 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain 106:188 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain 106:188 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 2 28 attach isolated 205:212 arg1 soil 264:267 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil 219:267 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China 219:287 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 2 28 attach isolated 205:212 arg2 DDT-3 191:195 DDT-3 191:195 DDT-3(T) 191:198 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 15 29 theme Pseudoxanthobacter 1836:1853 arg1 species 1815:1821 a novel species 1807:1821 a novel species 1807:1821 Strain DDT-3(T), therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthobacter, for which the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 25013230 11 30 theme spermine 1353:1360 arg1 % 1307:1307 92.9% 1303:1307 92.9% 1303:1307 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 30 theme spermine 1353:1360 arg1 spermidine 1331:1340 spermidine 1331:1340 spermidine (5.0%) 1331:1347 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 30 theme spermine 1353:1360 arg1 amounts 1280:1286 major amounts 1274:1286 major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) 1274:1308 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 30 theme spermine 1353:1360 arg1 % 1366:1366 2.1% 1363:1366 2.1% 1363:1366 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 30 theme spermine 1353:1360 arg1 % 1346:1346 5.0% 1343:1346 5.0% 1343:1346 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 30 theme spermine 1353:1360 arg1 amounts 1320:1326 minor amounts 1314:1326 minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%) 1314:1367 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 30 theme spermine 1353:1360 arg1 putrescine 1291:1300 putrescine 1291:1300 putrescine (92.9%) 1291:1308 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 30 theme spermine 1353:1360 arg1 spermine 1353:1360 spermine 1353:1360 spermine (2.1%) 1353:1367 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 7 31 theme cyclo 890:894 arg1 ω8c 896:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c 884:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%) 884:906 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 7 31 theme cyclo 890:894 arg1 % 905:905 42.6% 901:905 42.6% 901:905 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 7 31 theme cyclo 890:894 arg1 acids 854:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) 829:877 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 3 32 theme optimum 353:359 arg1 °C 367:368 optimum 30-37 °C 353:368 optimum 30-37 °C 353:368 Strain DDT-3(T) grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and a pH of between 5.0 and 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). 25013230 3 32 theme optimum 353:359 arg1 °C 349:350 20 to 40 °C 340:350 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) 340:369 Strain DDT-3(T) grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and a pH of between 5.0 and 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). 25013230 14 33 theme phenotypic 1703:1712 arg1 differentiation 1714:1728 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1685:1728 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) 1685:1765 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 3 34 theme pH 413:414 arg1 10.0 399:402 10.0 399:402 10.0 399:402 Strain DDT-3(T) grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and a pH of between 5.0 and 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). 25013230 3 34 theme pH 413:414 arg1 7.0-8.0 416:422 optimum pH 7.0-8.0 405:422 optimum pH 7.0-8.0 405:422 Strain DDT-3(T) grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and a pH of between 5.0 and 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). 25013230 15 35 theme genus 1830:1834 arg1 Pseudoxanthobacter 1836:1853 the genus Pseudoxanthobacter 1826:1853 the genus Pseudoxanthobacter 1826:1853 Strain DDT-3(T), therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthobacter, for which the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 25013230 14 36 theme hybridization 1586:1598 arg1 data 1600:1603 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1578:1603 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics 1578:1664 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 14 37 theme genotypic 1689:1697 arg1 differentiation 1714:1728 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1685:1728 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) 1685:1765 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 13 38 theme strain 1514:1519 arg1 T 1527:1527 T 1527:1527 T 1527:1527 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) was 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%). 25013230 13 38 theme strain 1514:1519 arg1 DDT-3 1521:1525 strain DDT-3 1514:1525 strain DDT-3(T) 1514:1528 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) was 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%). 25013230 9 39 theme diamino 1014:1020 arg1 acid 1022:1025 The characteristic diamino acid 995:1025 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 995:1046 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25013230 9 39 theme diamino 1014:1020 arg1 acid 1072:1075 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1052:1075 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1052:1075 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25013230 4 40 theme DNA 455:457 arg1 % 471:471 70.1 mol% 463:471 70.1 mol% 463:471 The G+C content of the total DNA was 70.1 mol%. 25013230 4 40 theme DNA 455:457 arg1 content 434:440 The G+C content 426:440 The G+C content of the total DNA 426:457 The G+C content of the total DNA was 70.1 mol%. 25013230 7 41 theme DDT-3 870:874 arg1 ω8c 896:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c 884:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%) 884:906 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 7 41 theme DDT-3 870:874 arg1 acids 854:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) 829:877 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 15 42 theme novel 1809:1813 arg1 species 1815:1821 a novel species 1807:1821 a novel species 1807:1821 Strain DDT-3(T), therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthobacter, for which the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 25013230 6 43 with similarity 766:775 arg1 species 788:794 other species 782:794 other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae 782:826 Strain DDT-3(T) showed less than 92.6 % similarity with other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae. 25013230 9 44 theme peptidoglycan 1034:1046 arg1 acid 1022:1025 The characteristic diamino acid 995:1025 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 995:1046 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25013230 9 44 theme peptidoglycan 1034:1046 arg1 acid 1072:1075 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1052:1075 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1052:1075 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25013230 15 45 theme liyangensis 1894:1904 arg1 sp 1906:1907 the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp 1866:1907 the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp 1866:1907 Strain DDT-3(T), therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthobacter, for which the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 25013230 12 46 theme genus 1448:1452 arg1 Pseudoxanthobacter 1454:1471 the genus Pseudoxanthobacter 1444:1471 the genus Pseudoxanthobacter 1444:1471 These chemotaxonomic data support the affiliation of strain DDT-3(T) with the genus Pseudoxanthobacter. 25013230 15 47 theme name 1870:1873 arg1 sp 1906:1907 the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp 1866:1907 the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp 1866:1907 Strain DDT-3(T), therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthobacter, for which the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 25013230 12 48 theme DDT-3 1430:1434 arg1 affiliation 1408:1418 the affiliation 1404:1418 the affiliation of strain DDT-3(T) with the genus Pseudoxanthobacter 1404:1471 These chemotaxonomic data support the affiliation of strain DDT-3(T) with the genus Pseudoxanthobacter. 25013230 6 49 theme Xanthobacteraceae 810:826 arg1 species 788:794 other species 782:794 other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae 782:826 Strain DDT-3(T) showed less than 92.6 % similarity with other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae. 25013230 11 50 theme spermidine 1331:1340 arg1 % 1307:1307 92.9% 1303:1307 92.9% 1303:1307 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 50 theme spermidine 1331:1340 arg1 spermidine 1331:1340 spermidine 1331:1340 spermidine (5.0%) 1331:1347 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 50 theme spermidine 1331:1340 arg1 amounts 1280:1286 major amounts 1274:1286 major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) 1274:1308 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 50 theme spermidine 1331:1340 arg1 % 1366:1366 2.1% 1363:1366 2.1% 1363:1366 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 50 theme spermidine 1331:1340 arg1 % 1346:1346 5.0% 1343:1346 5.0% 1343:1346 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 50 theme spermidine 1331:1340 arg1 amounts 1320:1326 minor amounts 1314:1326 minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%) 1314:1367 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 50 theme spermidine 1331:1340 arg1 putrescine 1291:1300 putrescine 1291:1300 putrescine (92.9%) 1291:1308 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 50 theme spermidine 1331:1340 arg1 spermine 1353:1360 spermine 1353:1360 spermine (2.1%) 1353:1367 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 7 51 theme cellular 839:846 arg1 ω8c 896:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c 884:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%) 884:906 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 7 51 theme cellular 839:846 arg1 acids 854:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) 829:877 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 2 52 theme bacterial 173:181 arg1 DDT-3 191:195 DDT-3 191:195 DDT-3(T) 191:198 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 2 52 theme bacterial 173:181 arg1 strain 183:188 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain 106:188 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain 106:188 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 11 53 theme polyamine 1243:1251 arg1 profile 1253:1259 The polyamine profile 1239:1259 The polyamine profile 1239:1259 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 15 54 theme Strain 1768:1773 arg1 T 1781:1781 T 1781:1781 T 1781:1781 Strain DDT-3(T), therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthobacter, for which the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 25013230 15 54 theme Strain 1768:1773 arg1 DDT-3 1775:1779 Strain DDT-3 1768:1779 Strain DDT-3(T) 1768:1782 Strain DDT-3(T), therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthobacter, for which the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 25013230 17 55 theme = 1974:1974 arg1 2013167 1985:1991 = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167 1958:1991 = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T) 1958:1994 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 17 55 theme = 1974:1974 arg1 DDT-3 1947:1951 DDT-3 1947:1951 DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)) 1947:1995 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 17 55 theme = 1974:1974 arg1 T 1993:1993 T 1993:1993 T 1993:1993 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 10 56 theme major 1082:1086 arg1 glycolipid 1106:1115 glycolipid 1106:1115 glycolipid 1106:1115 The major polar lipids were glycolipid, lipid, phosphatidylcholine, aminolipid, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 25013230 10 56 theme major 1082:1086 arg1 lipids 1094:1099 The major polar lipids 1078:1099 The major polar lipids 1078:1099 The major polar lipids were glycolipid, lipid, phosphatidylcholine, aminolipid, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 25013230 6 57 theme Strain 726:731 arg1 T 739:739 T 739:739 T 739:739 Strain DDT-3(T) showed less than 92.6 % similarity with other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae. 25013230 6 57 theme Strain 726:731 arg1 DDT-3 733:737 Strain DDT-3 726:737 Strain DDT-3(T) 726:740 Strain DDT-3(T) showed less than 92.6 % similarity with other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae. 25013230 17 58 theme AB 1982:1983 arg1 2013167 1985:1991 = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167 1958:1991 = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T) 1958:1994 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 17 58 theme AB 1982:1983 arg1 DDT-3 1947:1951 DDT-3 1947:1951 DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)) 1947:1995 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 17 58 theme AB 1982:1983 arg1 T 1993:1993 T 1993:1993 T 1993:1993 The type strain is DDT-3(T) ( = KACC 16601(T) = CCTCC AB 2013167(T)). 25013230 11 59 theme major 1274:1278 arg1 % 1307:1307 92.9% 1303:1307 92.9% 1303:1307 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 59 theme major 1274:1278 arg1 spermidine 1331:1340 spermidine 1331:1340 spermidine (5.0%) 1331:1347 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 59 theme major 1274:1278 arg1 amounts 1280:1286 major amounts 1274:1286 major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) 1274:1308 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 59 theme major 1274:1278 arg1 % 1366:1366 2.1% 1363:1366 2.1% 1363:1366 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 59 theme major 1274:1278 arg1 % 1346:1346 5.0% 1343:1346 5.0% 1343:1346 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 59 theme major 1274:1278 arg1 putrescine 1291:1300 putrescine 1291:1300 putrescine (92.9%) 1291:1308 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 59 theme major 1274:1278 arg1 spermine 1353:1360 spermine 1353:1360 spermine (2.1%) 1353:1367 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 3 60 theme Strain 290:295 arg1 DDT-3 297:301 Strain DDT-3 290:301 Strain DDT-3(T) 290:304 Strain DDT-3(T) grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and a pH of between 5.0 and 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). 25013230 3 60 theme Strain 290:295 arg1 T 303:303 T 303:303 T 303:303 Strain DDT-3(T) grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and a pH of between 5.0 and 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). 25013230 14 61 theme CC4 1760:1762 arg1 differentiation 1714:1728 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1685:1728 the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) 1685:1765 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 5 62 theme Pseudoxanthobacter 561:578 arg1 CC4 585:587 Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4 561:587 Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%) 561:598 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 62 theme Pseudoxanthobacter 561:578 arg1 % 597:597 99.6% 593:597 99.6% 593:597 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 62 theme Pseudoxanthobacter 561:578 arg1 T 589:589 T 589:589 T 589:589 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 2 63 theme dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated 219:262 arg1 soil 264:267 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil 219:267 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China 219:287 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 5 64 theme orientalis 695:704 arg1 T 714:714 T 714:714 T 714:714 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 64 theme orientalis 695:704 arg1 D10 710:712 Amorphus orientalis YIM D10 686:712 Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%) 686:723 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 64 theme orientalis 695:704 arg1 % 722:722 93.0% 718:722 93.0% 718:722 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 2 65 theme aerobic 109:115 arg1 DDT-3 191:195 DDT-3 191:195 DDT-3(T) 191:198 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 2 65 theme aerobic 109:115 arg1 strain 183:188 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain 106:188 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain 106:188 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 5 66 theme 16S 478:480 arg1 sequence 492:499 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 474:499 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) 474:518 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 12 67 theme chemotaxonomic 1376:1389 arg1 data 1391:1394 These chemotaxonomic data 1370:1394 These chemotaxonomic data 1370:1394 These chemotaxonomic data support the affiliation of strain DDT-3(T) with the genus Pseudoxanthobacter. 25013230 8 68 theme respiratory 954:964 arg1 quinone 966:972 The only respiratory quinone 945:972 The only respiratory quinone 945:972 The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. 25013230 8 68 theme respiratory 954:964 arg1 Q-10 989:992 ubiquinone Q-10 978:992 ubiquinone Q-10 978:992 The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. 25013230 5 69 theme dalseonensis 621:632 arg1 % 647:647 93.3% 643:647 93.3% 643:647 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 69 theme dalseonensis 621:632 arg1 T 639:639 T 639:639 T 639:639 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 5 69 theme dalseonensis 621:632 arg1 B6-8 634:637 Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8 613:637 Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%) 613:648 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 4 70 theme total 449:453 arg1 DNA 455:457 the total DNA 445:457 the total DNA 445:457 The G+C content of the total DNA was 70.1 mol%. 25013230 5 71 theme DDT-3 511:515 arg1 sequence 492:499 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 474:499 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) 474:518 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 1 72 theme dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated 55:98 arg1 soil 100:103 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil 55:103 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil 55:103 nov., isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil. 25013230 6 73 dep % 764:764 arg1 92.6  759:763 92.6  759:763 92.6  759:763 Strain DDT-3(T) showed less than 92.6 % similarity with other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae. 25013230 6 74 theme family 803:808 arg1 Xanthobacteraceae 810:826 the family Xanthobacteraceae 799:826 the family Xanthobacteraceae 799:826 Strain DDT-3(T) showed less than 92.6 % similarity with other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae. 25013230 4 75 theme G+C 430:432 arg1 % 471:471 70.1 mol% 463:471 70.1 mol% 463:471 The G+C content of the total DNA was 70.1 mol%. 25013230 4 75 theme G+C 430:432 arg1 content 434:440 The G+C content 426:440 The G+C content of the total DNA 426:457 The G+C content of the total DNA was 70.1 mol%. 25013230 14 76 theme strain 1733:1738 arg1 T 1746:1746 T 1746:1746 T 1746:1746 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 14 76 theme strain 1733:1738 arg1 DDT-3 1740:1744 strain DDT-3 1733:1744 strain DDT-3(T) 1733:1747 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 0 77 theme liyangensis 19:29 arg1 sp 31:32 Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp 0:32 Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 0:33 Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. 25013230 5 78 theme gene 487:490 arg1 sequence 492:499 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 474:499 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) 474:518 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3(T) showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4(T) (99.6%), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8(T) (93.3%), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8(T) (93.0%) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10(T) (93.0%). 25013230 2 79 from soil 264:267 arg1 China 283:287 Liyang, PR China 272:287 China 283:287 An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3(T), was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. 25013230 13 80 theme hybridization 1486:1498 arg1 % 1556:1556 47.8% 1552:1556 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%) 1552:1575 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) was 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%). 25013230 13 80 theme hybridization 1486:1498 arg1 value 1500:1504 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 1474:1504 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) 1474:1546 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T) was 47.8% (reciprocal 44.3%). 25013230 6 81 theme other 782:786 arg1 species 788:794 other species 782:794 other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae 782:826 Strain DDT-3(T) showed less than 92.6 % similarity with other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae. 25013230 9 82 theme characteristic 999:1012 arg1 acid 1022:1025 The characteristic diamino acid 995:1025 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 995:1046 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25013230 9 82 theme characteristic 999:1012 arg1 acid 1072:1075 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1052:1075 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1052:1075 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25013230 14 83 theme DNA-DNA 1578:1584 arg1 data 1600:1603 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1578:1603 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics 1578:1664 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 9 84 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1052:1070 arg1 acid 1022:1025 The characteristic diamino acid 995:1025 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 995:1046 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25013230 9 84 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1052:1070 arg1 acid 1072:1075 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1052:1075 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1052:1075 The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25013230 3 85 theme optimum 405:411 arg1 10.0 399:402 10.0 399:402 10.0 399:402 Strain DDT-3(T) grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and a pH of between 5.0 and 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). 25013230 3 85 theme optimum 405:411 arg1 7.0-8.0 416:422 optimum pH 7.0-8.0 405:422 optimum pH 7.0-8.0 405:422 Strain DDT-3(T) grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and a pH of between 5.0 and 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). 25013230 7 86 theme strain 863:868 arg1 T 876:876 T 876:876 T 876:876 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 7 86 theme strain 863:868 arg1 DDT-3 870:874 strain DDT-3 863:874 strain DDT-3(T) 863:877 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 4 87 theme mol 468:470 arg1 content 434:440 The G+C content 426:440 The G+C content of the total DNA 426:457 The G+C content of the total DNA was 70.1 mol%. 25013230 4 87 theme mol 468:470 arg1 % 471:471 70.1 mol% 463:471 70.1 mol% 463:471 The G+C content of the total DNA was 70.1 mol%. 25013230 3 88 dep 40 346:347 arg1 to 343:344 to 343:344 to 343:344 Strain DDT-3(T) grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and a pH of between 5.0 and 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). 25013230 11 89 theme putrescine 1291:1300 arg1 % 1307:1307 92.9% 1303:1307 92.9% 1303:1307 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 89 theme putrescine 1291:1300 arg1 spermidine 1331:1340 spermidine 1331:1340 spermidine (5.0%) 1331:1347 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 89 theme putrescine 1291:1300 arg1 amounts 1280:1286 major amounts 1274:1286 major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) 1274:1308 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 89 theme putrescine 1291:1300 arg1 % 1366:1366 2.1% 1363:1366 2.1% 1363:1366 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 89 theme putrescine 1291:1300 arg1 % 1346:1346 5.0% 1343:1346 5.0% 1343:1346 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 89 theme putrescine 1291:1300 arg1 amounts 1320:1326 minor amounts 1314:1326 minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%) 1314:1367 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 89 theme putrescine 1291:1300 arg1 putrescine 1291:1300 putrescine 1291:1300 putrescine (92.9%) 1291:1308 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 89 theme putrescine 1291:1300 arg1 spermine 1353:1360 spermine 1353:1360 spermine (2.1%) 1353:1367 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 14 90 theme physiological 1636:1648 arg1 characteristics 1650:1664 the biochemical and physiological characteristics 1616:1664 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics 1578:1664 DNA-DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3(T) and strain CC4(T). 25013230 11 91 theme minor 1314:1318 arg1 % 1307:1307 92.9% 1303:1307 92.9% 1303:1307 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 91 theme minor 1314:1318 arg1 spermidine 1331:1340 spermidine 1331:1340 spermidine (5.0%) 1331:1347 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 91 theme minor 1314:1318 arg1 % 1366:1366 2.1% 1363:1366 2.1% 1363:1366 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 91 theme minor 1314:1318 arg1 % 1346:1346 5.0% 1343:1346 5.0% 1343:1346 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 91 theme minor 1314:1318 arg1 amounts 1320:1326 minor amounts 1314:1326 minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%) 1314:1367 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 91 theme minor 1314:1318 arg1 putrescine 1291:1300 putrescine 1291:1300 putrescine (92.9%) 1291:1308 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 11 91 theme minor 1314:1318 arg1 spermine 1353:1360 spermine 1353:1360 spermine (2.1%) 1353:1367 The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9%) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0%) and spermine (2.1%). 25013230 7 92 theme C19:0 884:888 arg1 ω8c 896:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c 884:898 C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%) 884:906 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 7 92 theme C19:0 884:888 arg1 % 905:905 42.6% 901:905 42.6% 901:905 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 25013230 7 92 theme C19:0 884:888 arg1 acids 854:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) 829:877 The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3(T) were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.6%), C16:0 (33.2%) and C18:1ω7c (10.0%). 28527778 0 0 theme National 206:213 arg1 Registry 235:242 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry 202:242 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry 202:242 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 7 1 theme odds 1476:1479 arg1 0.95 1591:1594 0.95 1591:1594 0.95 1591:1594 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 7 1 theme odds 1476:1479 arg1 ratio 1481:1485 the odds ratio 1472:1485 the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin 1472:1585 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 9 2 from CONCLUSIONS 1830:1840 arg1 patients 1845:1852 patients 1845:1852 patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access 1845:1898 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 7 3 dep interval 1719:1726 arg1 2.57 1737:1740 2.57 1737:1740 2.57 1737:1740 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 3 4 theme radial 782:787 arg1 access 789:794 radial access 782:794 radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin 782:850 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 0 5 theme Data 230:233 arg1 Registry 235:242 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry 202:242 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry 202:242 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 1 6 with patients 345:352 arg1 infarction 391:400 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 359:400 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 359:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 1 7 from agents 335:340 arg1 patients 345:352 patients 345:352 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 345:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 0 8 with Anticoagulated 140:153 arg1 Versus Heparin 172:185 Bivalirudin Versus Heparin 160:185 Bivalirudin Versus Heparin 160:185 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 6 9 theme % 1201:1201 arg1 stroke 1190:1195 stroke 1190:1195 stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) 1190:1221 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 6 9 theme % 1201:1201 arg1 % 1210:1210 4.6% vs. 4.7% 1198:1210 4.6% vs. 4.7% 1198:1210 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 9 10 dep was 1950:1952 arg1 anticoagulated 1900:1913 anticoagulated 1900:1913 anticoagulated 1900:1913 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 7 11 theme % 1706:1706 arg1 interval 1719:1726 95% confidence interval 1704:1726 95% confidence interval 1704:1726 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 9 12 theme transradial 1881:1891 arg1 access 1893:1898 transradial access 1881:1898 transradial access 1881:1898 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 1 13 theme coronary 443:450 arg1 PCI 466:468 PCI 466:468 PCI 466:468 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 1 13 theme coronary 443:450 arg1 intervention 452:463 radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention 415:463 radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 415:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 7 14 theme multiple 1370:1377 arg1 variables 1379:1387 multiple variables 1370:1387 multiple variables 1370:1387 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 7 15 theme % 1599:1599 arg1 interval 1612:1619 95% confidence interval 1597:1619 95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152 1597:1644 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 5 16 theme patients 979:986 arg1 patients 979:986 patients 979:986 patients 979:986 The 2 groups of patients did not differ significantly in their mean age or percentage of men. 28527778 5 16 theme patients 979:986 arg1 groups 969:974 The 2 groups 963:974 The 2 groups of patients 963:986 The 2 groups of patients did not differ significantly in their mean age or percentage of men. 28527778 3 17 with anticoagulated 809:822 arg1 bivalirudin 829:839 bivalirudin 829:839 bivalirudin 829:839 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 3 17 with anticoagulated 809:822 arg1 heparin 844:850 heparin 844:850 heparin 844:850 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 3 18 theme National 679:686 arg1 database 725:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database 675:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 675:750 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 7 19 dep 1.05 1630:1633 arg1 to 1627:1628 to 1627:1628 to 1627:1628 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 0 20 theme ST-Segment 79:88 arg1 Infarction 111:120 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 79:120 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 79:120 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 1 21 theme elevation 370:378 arg1 infarction 391:400 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 359:400 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 359:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 6 22 theme unadjusted 1061:1070 arg1 comparison 1072:1081 The unadjusted comparison 1057:1081 The unadjusted comparison 1057:1081 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 0 23 theme Myocardial 100:109 arg1 Infarction 111:120 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 79:120 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 79:120 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 9 24 theme myocardial 2004:2013 arg1 infarction 2015:2024 myocardial infarction 2004:2024 myocardial infarction 2004:2024 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 0 25 from Outcomes 0:7 arg1 Patients 12:19 Patients 12:19 Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin 12:185 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 3 26 with patients 643:650 arg1 STEMI 657:661 STEMI 657:661 STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 657:750 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 7 27 dep 0.95 1591:1594 arg1 interval 1612:1619 95% confidence interval 1597:1619 95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152 1597:1644 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 9 28 with anticoagulated 1900:1913 arg1 heparin 1935:1941 heparin 1935:1941 heparin 1935:1941 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 9 28 with anticoagulated 1900:1913 arg1 bivalirudin 1920:1930 bivalirudin 1920:1930 bivalirudin 1920:1930 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 9 29 theme composite 1975:1983 arg1 endpoint 1985:1992 the composite endpoint 1971:1992 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke 1971:2035 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 1 30 theme primary 422:428 arg1 PCI 466:468 PCI 466:468 PCI 466:468 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 1 30 theme primary 422:428 arg1 intervention 452:463 radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention 415:463 radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 415:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 6 31 dep showed 1083:1088 arg1 % 1286:1286 1.00% 1282:1286 1.00% 1282:1286 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 6 31 dep showed 1083:1088 arg1 % 1296:1296 0.60% 1292:1296 0.60% 1292:1296 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 3 32 dep 2015 747:750 arg1 to 744:745 to 744:745 to 744:745 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 8 33 theme bleeding 1781:1788 arg1 rates 1790:1794 Major bleeding rates 1775:1794 Major bleeding rates 1775:1794 Major bleeding rates were not significantly different. 28527778 9 34 theme infarction 2015:2024 arg1 endpoint 1985:1992 the composite endpoint 1971:1992 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke 1971:2035 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 2 35 theme Recent 483:488 arg1 studies 490:496 BACKGROUND Recent studies 472:496 BACKGROUND Recent studies in which PCI was performed predominantly via radial access 472:555 BACKGROUND Recent studies in which PCI was performed predominantly via radial access did not show bivalirudin to be superior to heparin. 28527778 1 36 theme anticoagulant 321:333 arg1 agents 335:340 anticoagulant agents 321:340 anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 321:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 1 36 theme anticoagulant 321:333 arg1 bivalirudin 293:303 bivalirudin 293:303 bivalirudin 293:303 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 7 37 theme myocardial 1523:1532 arg1 infarction 1534:1543 myocardial infarction 1523:1543 myocardial infarction 1523:1543 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 3 38 theme CathPCI 717:723 arg1 database 725:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database 675:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 675:750 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 0 39 theme Primary Percutaneous 32:51 arg1 Intervention 62:73 Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 32:73 Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 32:120 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 7 40 theme death 1516:1520 arg1 endpoint 1504:1511 the composite endpoint 1490:1511 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke 1490:1554 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 6 41 theme significant 1093:1103 arg1 difference 1105:1114 no significant difference 1090:1114 no significant difference 1090:1114 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 3 42 theme Data 703:706 arg1 database 725:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database 675:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 675:750 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 7 43 theme endpoint 1504:1511 arg1 0.95 1591:1594 0.95 1591:1594 0.95 1591:1594 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 7 43 theme endpoint 1504:1511 arg1 ratio 1481:1485 the odds ratio 1472:1485 the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin 1472:1585 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 6 44 theme stent 1264:1268 arg1 thrombosis 1270:1279 acute stent thrombosis 1258:1279 acute stent thrombosis 1258:1279 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 5 45 theme men 1052:1054 arg1 age 1031:1033 their mean age 1020:1033 their mean age 1020:1033 The 2 groups of patients did not differ significantly in their mean age or percentage of men. 28527778 5 45 theme men 1052:1054 arg1 percentage 1038:1047 percentage 1038:1047 percentage of men 1038:1054 The 2 groups of patients did not differ significantly in their mean age or percentage of men. 28527778 6 46 theme myocardial 1164:1173 arg1 infarction 1175:1184 myocardial infarction 1164:1184 myocardial infarction 1164:1184 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 1 47 theme study 272:276 arg1 aim 260:262 The aim 256:262 The aim of this study 256:276 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 0 48 dep Outcomes 0:7 arg1 Report 190:195 A Report 188:195 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 0:243 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 6 49 theme death 1157:1161 arg1 endpoint 1145:1152 the composite endpoint 1131:1152 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) 1131:1221 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 3 50 theme primary 766:772 arg1 PCI 774:776 primary PCI 766:776 primary PCI 766:776 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 0 51 theme Cardiovascular 215:228 arg1 Registry 235:242 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry 202:242 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry 202:242 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 7 52 dep interval 1612:1619 arg1 1.05 1630:1633 1.05 1630:1633 1.05 1630:1633 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 7 52 dep interval 1612:1619 arg1 0.152 1640:1644 p = 0.152 1636:1644 95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152 1597:1644 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 6 53 theme endpoint 1145:1152 arg1 rate 1123:1126 the rate 1119:1126 the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) 1119:1221 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 6 53 theme endpoint 1145:1152 arg1 rate 1250:1253 a significantly higher rate 1227:1253 a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis 1227:1279 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 6 54 theme thrombosis 1270:1279 arg1 rate 1123:1126 the rate 1119:1126 the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) 1119:1221 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 6 54 theme thrombosis 1270:1279 arg1 rate 1250:1253 a significantly higher rate 1227:1253 a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis 1227:1279 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 6 55 dep % 1286:1286 arg1 0.001 1303:1307 0.001 1303:1307 0.001 1303:1307 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 7 56 theme confidence 1708:1717 arg1 interval 1719:1726 95% confidence interval 1704:1726 95% confidence interval 1704:1726 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 6 57 theme  vs. 1202:1205 arg1 stroke 1190:1195 stroke 1190:1195 stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) 1190:1221 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 6 57 theme  vs. 1202:1205 arg1 % 1210:1210 4.6% vs. 4.7% 1198:1210 4.6% vs. 4.7% 1198:1210 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 9 58 theme primary 1865:1871 arg1 PCI 1873:1875 primary PCI 1865:1875 primary PCI 1865:1875 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 6 59 theme acute 1258:1262 arg1 thrombosis 1270:1279 acute stent thrombosis 1258:1279 acute stent thrombosis 1258:1279 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 4 60 dep RESULTS 853:859 arg1 included 872:879 included 872:879 included 67,368 patients, of whom 29,660 received bivalirudin and 37,708 received heparin 872:960 RESULTS The sample included 67,368 patients, of whom 29,660 received bivalirudin and 37,708 received heparin. 28527778 7 61 theme propensity 1402:1411 arg1 score 1413:1417 a propensity score 1400:1417 a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin 1400:1469 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 0 62 theme Bivalirudin 160:170 arg1 Versus Heparin 172:185 Bivalirudin Versus Heparin 160:185 Bivalirudin Versus Heparin 160:185 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 3 63 theme METHODS 609:615 arg1 Outcomes 617:624 METHODS Outcomes 609:624 METHODS Outcomes 609:624 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 7 64 theme confidence 1601:1610 arg1 interval 1612:1619 95% confidence interval 1597:1619 95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152 1597:1644 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 6 65 theme stroke 1190:1195 arg1 endpoint 1145:1152 the composite endpoint 1131:1152 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) 1131:1221 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 3 66 from 2015 747:750 arg1 database 725:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database 675:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 675:750 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 6 67 theme higher 1243:1248 arg1 rate 1250:1253 a significantly higher rate 1227:1253 a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis 1227:1279 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 6 68 dep % 1210:1210 arg1 p = 1213:1215 p = 0.47 1213:1220 p = 0.47 1213:1220 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 0 69 theme Elevation 90:98 arg1 Infarction 111:120 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 79:120 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 79:120 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 1 70 theme myocardial 380:389 arg1 infarction 391:400 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 359:400 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 359:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 5 71 theme The 2 963:967 arg1 patients 979:986 patients 979:986 patients 979:986 The 2 groups of patients did not differ significantly in their mean age or percentage of men. 28527778 5 71 theme The 2 963:967 arg1 groups 969:974 The 2 groups 963:974 The 2 groups of patients 963:986 The 2 groups of patients did not differ significantly in their mean age or percentage of men. 28527778 7 72 theme stroke 1549:1554 arg1 endpoint 1504:1511 the composite endpoint 1490:1511 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke 1490:1554 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 2 73 theme radial 543:548 arg1 access 550:555 radial access 543:555 radial access 543:555 BACKGROUND Recent studies in which PCI was performed predominantly via radial access did not show bivalirudin to be superior to heparin. 28527778 0 74 theme Radial 126:131 arg1 Access 133:138 Radial Access 126:138 Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin 126:185 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 5 75 theme mean 1026:1029 arg1 age 1031:1033 their mean age 1020:1033 their mean age 1020:1033 The 2 groups of patients did not differ significantly in their mean age or percentage of men. 28527778 7 76 theme odds 1656:1659 arg1 ratio 1661:1665 the odds ratio 1652:1665 the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis 1652:1692 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 7 76 theme odds 1656:1659 arg1 2.11 1698:1701 2.11 1698:1701 2.11 1698:1701 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 7 77 dep 2.11 1698:1701 arg1 interval 1719:1726 95% confidence interval 1704:1726 95% confidence interval 1704:1726 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 0 78 theme Anticoagulated 140:153 arg1 Access 133:138 Radial Access 126:138 Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin 126:185 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 1 79 theme radial 415:420 arg1 PCI 466:468 PCI 466:468 PCI 466:468 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 1 79 theme radial 415:420 arg1 intervention 452:463 radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention 415:463 radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 415:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 6 80 theme composite 1135:1143 arg1 endpoint 1145:1152 the composite endpoint 1131:1152 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) 1131:1221 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 1 81 theme percutaneous 430:441 arg1 PCI 466:468 PCI 466:468 PCI 466:468 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 1 81 theme percutaneous 430:441 arg1 intervention 452:463 radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention 415:463 radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 415:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 0 82 from Registry 235:242 arg1 Report 190:195 A Report 188:195 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 0:243 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 9 83 theme death 1997:2001 arg1 endpoint 1985:1992 the composite endpoint 1971:1992 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke 1971:2035 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 8 84 theme Major 1775:1779 arg1 rates 1790:1794 Major bleeding rates 1775:1794 Major bleeding rates 1775:1794 Major bleeding rates were not significantly different. 28527778 7 85 theme p = 1636:1638 arg1 0.152 1640:1644 p = 0.152 1636:1644 95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152 1597:1644 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 3 86 theme Registry 708:715 arg1 database 725:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database 675:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 675:750 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 2 87 theme BACKGROUND 472:481 arg1 studies 490:496 BACKGROUND Recent studies 472:496 BACKGROUND Recent studies in which PCI was performed predominantly via radial access 472:555 BACKGROUND Recent studies in which PCI was performed predominantly via radial access did not show bivalirudin to be superior to heparin. 28527778 0 88 theme Coronary 53:60 arg1 Intervention 62:73 Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 32:73 Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 32:120 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Via Radial Access Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 28527778 7 89 theme infarction 1534:1543 arg1 endpoint 1504:1511 the composite endpoint 1490:1511 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke 1490:1554 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 3 90 theme Cardiovascular 688:701 arg1 database 725:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database 675:732 the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 675:750 METHODS Outcomes were compared in patients with STEMI included in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI database from 2009 to 2015 who underwent primary PCI via radial access and who were anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin. 28527778 9 91 theme stroke 2030:2035 arg1 endpoint 1985:1992 the composite endpoint 1971:1992 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke 1971:2035 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing primary PCI via transradial access anticoagulated with bivalirudin or heparin, there was no difference in the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. 28527778 1 92 theme ST-segment 359:368 arg1 infarction 391:400 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 359:400 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 359:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 28527778 6 93 theme infarction 1175:1184 arg1 endpoint 1145:1152 the composite endpoint 1131:1152 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) 1131:1221 The unadjusted comparison showed no significant difference in the rate of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (4.6% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.47) and a significantly higher rate of acute stent thrombosis (1.00% vs. 0.60%; p < 0.001) with bivalirudin compared with heparin. 28527778 7 94 theme composite 1494:1502 arg1 endpoint 1504:1511 the composite endpoint 1490:1511 the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke 1490:1554 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 7 95 dep 2.57 1737:1740 arg1 to 1734:1735 to 1734:1735 to 1734:1735 After adjusting for multiple variables, including a propensity score reflecting the probability of receiving bivalirudin, the odds ratio of the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke for bivalirudin versus heparin was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.05; p = 0.152), and the odds ratio for acute stent thrombosis was 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 2.57) for bivalirudin versus heparin. 28527778 1 96 dep OBJECTIVES 245:254 arg1 was 278:280 was 278:280 was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 278:469 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare bivalirudin with heparin as anticoagulant agents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 25106923 9 0 theme genetic 1498:1504 arg1 distinctiveness 1506:1520 the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness 1477:1520 the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness 1477:1520 The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) is distinct from other species of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 8 1 theme areninigrae 1336:1346 arg1 T 1359:1359 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 1 theme areninigrae 1336:1346 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 7 2 theme unidentified 1109:1120 arg1 glycolipids 1122:1132 two unidentified glycolipids 1105:1132 two unidentified glycolipids 1105:1132 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 12 3 dep  =CECT 1841:1846 arg1 8570 1848:1851 8570 1848:1851 8570 1848:1851 The type strain is DMCK3-4(T) ( = KCTC 42075(T) =CECT 8570(T)). 25106923 12 3 dep  =CECT 1841:1846 arg1 T 1853:1853 T 1853:1853 T 1853:1853 The type strain is DMCK3-4(T) ( = KCTC 42075(T) =CECT 8570(T)). 25106923 6 4 theme 17:1 940:943 arg1 ubiquinone 874:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 4 theme 17:1 940:943 arg1 ω8c 945:947 C(17:1)ω8c 938:947 C(17:1)ω8c 938:947 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 2 5 attach isolated 308:315 arg2 strain 273:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 2 5 attach isolated 308:315 arg1 zone 326:329 the zone 322:329 the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea 322:402 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 6 6 theme C 938:938 arg1 ubiquinone 874:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 6 theme C 938:938 arg1 ω8c 945:947 C(17:1)ω8c 938:947 C(17:1)ω8c 938:947 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 1 7 attach isolated 64:71 arg2 bacterium 54:62 a curdlan-degrading bacterium 34:62 a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia 34:178 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 1 7 attach isolated 64:71 arg2 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 1 7 attach isolated 64:71 arg1 junction 82:89 the junction 78:89 the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia 78:178 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 3 8 theme 2.0 485:487 arg1 % 488:488 % 488:488 % 488:488 Strain DMCK3-4(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25106923 1 9 theme Simiduia 171:178 arg1 description 146:156 a freshwater spring, and emended description 113:156 a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia 113:178 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 1 9 theme Simiduia 171:178 arg1 ocean 103:107 the ocean 99:107 the ocean 99:107 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 6 10 theme Strain 823:828 arg1 T 838:838 T 838:838 T 838:838 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 10 theme Strain 823:828 arg1 DMCK3-4 830:836 Strain DMCK3-4 823:836 Strain DMCK3-4(T) 823:839 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 8 11 with values 1279:1284 arg1 T 1359:1359 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 11 with values 1279:1284 arg1 T 1393:1393 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 11 with values 1279:1284 arg1 T 1323:1323 KCTC 23176(T) 1312:1324 KCTC 23176(T) 1312:1324 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 11 with values 1279:1284 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 12 theme litorea 1375:1381 arg1 T 1393:1393 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 12 theme litorea 1375:1381 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 4 13 theme rRNA 534:537 arg1 sequences 544:552 16S rRNA gene sequences 530:552 16S rRNA gene sequences 530:552 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 2 14 theme non-spore-forming 213:229 arg1 strain 273:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 8 15 theme 0917 1388:1391 arg1 T 1393:1393 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 15 theme 0917 1388:1391 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 10 16 dep data 1629:1632 arg1 the 1612:1614 the 1612:1614 the 1612:1614 On the basis of the data presented, strain DMCK3-4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Simiduia, for which the name Simiduia curdlanivorans sp. 25106923 10 16 dep data 1629:1632 arg1 basis 1616:1620 basis 1616:1620 basis 1616:1620 On the basis of the data presented, strain DMCK3-4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Simiduia, for which the name Simiduia curdlanivorans sp. 25106923 7 17 theme DMCK3-4 1041:1047 arg1 lipids 1024:1029 The major polar lipids 1008:1029 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) 1008:1050 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 7 17 theme DMCK3-4 1041:1047 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1057:1080 phosphatidylethanolamine 1057:1080 phosphatidylethanolamine 1057:1080 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 6 18 theme major 989:993 arg1 Q-8 851:853 Q-8 851:853 Q-8 851:853 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 18 theme major 989:993 arg1 acids 1001:1005 the major fatty acids 985:1005 the major fatty acids 985:1005 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 2 19 theme aerobic 204:210 arg1 strain 273:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 10 20 theme Simiduia 1719:1726 arg1 species 1698:1704 a novel species 1690:1704 a novel species 1690:1704 On the basis of the data presented, strain DMCK3-4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Simiduia, for which the name Simiduia curdlanivorans sp. 25106923 2 21 theme rod-shaped 252:261 arg1 strain 273:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 1 22 theme spring 126:131 arg1 description 146:156 a freshwater spring, and emended description 113:156 a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia 113:178 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 5 23 theme published 785:793 arg1 names 795:799 validly published names 777:799 validly published names 777:799 Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other species with validly published names were less than 92.2%. 25106923 7 24 theme polar 1018:1022 arg1 lipids 1024:1029 The major polar lipids 1008:1029 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) 1008:1050 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 7 24 theme polar 1018:1022 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1057:1080 phosphatidylethanolamine 1057:1080 phosphatidylethanolamine 1057:1080 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 8 25 dep agarivorans 1300:1310 arg1 T 1359:1359 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 25 dep agarivorans 1300:1310 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 25 dep agarivorans 1300:1310 arg1 T 1323:1323 KCTC 23176(T) 1312:1324 KCTC 23176(T) 1312:1324 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 25 dep agarivorans 1300:1310 arg1 T 1393:1393 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 2 26 theme non-flagellated 232:246 arg1 strain 273:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 9 27 theme Simiduia 1599:1606 arg1 species 1578:1584 other species 1572:1584 other species of the genus Simiduia 1572:1606 The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) is distinct from other species of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 5 28 theme species 764:770 arg1 strains 743:749 the type strains 734:749 the type strains of the other species 734:770 Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other species with validly published names were less than 92.2%. 25106923 8 29 theme DNA 1195:1197 arg1 % 1244:1244 51.8 mol% 1236:1244 51.8 mol% 1236:1244 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 29 theme DNA 1195:1197 arg1 content 1203:1209 The DNA G+C content 1191:1209 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) 1191:1230 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 10 30 theme name 1743:1746 arg1 Simiduia 1748:1755 the name Simiduia 1739:1755 the name Simiduia 1739:1755 On the basis of the data presented, strain DMCK3-4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Simiduia, for which the name Simiduia curdlanivorans sp. 25106923 9 31 from species 1578:1584 arg1 distinct 1558:1565 distinct 1558:1565 distinct 1558:1565 The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) is distinct from other species of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 4 32 theme Simiduia 643:650 arg1 members 622:628 three members 616:628 three members 616:628 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 6 33 theme C 907:907 arg1 ω7c 914:916 C(16:1)ω7c 907:916 C(16:1)ω7c 907:916 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 8 34 theme strain 1214:1219 arg1 T 1229:1229 T 1229:1229 T 1229:1229 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 34 theme strain 1214:1219 arg1 DMCK3-4 1221:1227 strain DMCK3-4 1214:1227 strain DMCK3-4(T) 1214:1230 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 13 35 theme Simiduia 1894:1901 arg1 description 1869:1879 An emended description 1858:1879 An emended description of the genus Simiduia 1858:1901 An emended description of the genus Simiduia is also proposed. 25106923 4 36 theme members 622:628 arg1 strains 605:611 the strains 601:611 the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity 601:706 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 6 37 theme summed 889:894 arg1 feature 896:902 summed feature 3 889:904 summed feature 3 889:904 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 9 38 theme differential 1427:1438 arg1 properties 1451:1460 The differential phenotypic properties 1423:1460 The differential phenotypic properties 1423:1460 The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) is distinct from other species of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 8 39 theme KCTC 1348:1351 arg1 T 1359:1359 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 39 theme KCTC 1348:1351 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 4 40 theme 97.0-99.0 677:685 arg1 % 686:686 % 686:686 % 686:686 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 12 41 theme type 1798:1801 arg1 DMCK3-4 1813:1819 DMCK3-4 1813:1819 DMCK3-4 1813:1819 The type strain is DMCK3-4(T) ( = KCTC 42075(T) =CECT 8570(T)). 25106923 12 41 theme type 1798:1801 arg1 strain 1803:1808 The type strain 1794:1808 The type strain 1794:1808 The type strain is DMCK3-4(T) ( = KCTC 42075(T) =CECT 8570(T)). 25106923 3 42 theme Strain 405:410 arg1 DMCK3-4 412:418 Strain DMCK3-4 405:418 Strain DMCK3-4(T) 405:421 Strain DMCK3-4(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25106923 3 42 theme Strain 405:410 arg1 T 420:420 T 420:420 T 420:420 Strain DMCK3-4(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25106923 4 43 theme sequence 688:695 arg1 similarity 697:706 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity 677:706 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity 677:706 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 6 44 theme 16:1 927:930 arg1 ω6c 932:934 C(16:1)ω6c 925:934 C(16:1)ω6c 925:934 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 2 45 theme Gram-stain-negative 183:201 arg1 strain 273:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 8 46 theme KCTC 1312:1315 arg1 T 1323:1323 KCTC 23176(T) 1312:1324 KCTC 23176(T) 1312:1324 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 46 theme KCTC 1312:1315 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 6 47 theme C 925:925 arg1 ω6c 932:934 C(16:1)ω6c 925:934 C(16:1)ω6c 925:934 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 10 48 theme strain 1645:1650 arg1 DMCK3-4 1652:1658 strain DMCK3-4 1645:1658 strain DMCK3-4(T) 1645:1661 On the basis of the data presented, strain DMCK3-4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Simiduia, for which the name Simiduia curdlanivorans sp. 25106923 10 48 theme strain 1645:1650 arg1 T 1660:1660 T 1660:1660 T 1660:1660 On the basis of the data presented, strain DMCK3-4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Simiduia, for which the name Simiduia curdlanivorans sp. 25106923 7 49 theme unidentified 1166:1177 arg1 aminolipid 1179:1188 one unidentified aminolipid 1162:1188 one unidentified aminolipid 1162:1188 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 1 50 theme curdlan-degrading 36:52 arg1 bacterium 54:62 a curdlan-degrading bacterium 34:62 a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia 34:178 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 1 50 theme curdlan-degrading 36:52 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 8 51 theme DNA-DNA 1259:1265 arg1 values 1279:1284 its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 1250:1284 its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1250:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 6 52 theme 16:1 909:912 arg1 ω7c 914:916 C(16:1)ω7c 907:916 C(16:1)ω7c 907:916 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 8 53 theme Simiduia 1327:1334 arg1 T 1359:1359 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 53 theme Simiduia 1327:1334 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 7 54 theme unidentified 1139:1150 arg1 lipid 1152:1156 one unidentified lipid 1135:1156 one unidentified lipid 1135:1156 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 5 55 theme other 758:762 arg1 species 764:770 the other species 754:770 the other species 754:770 Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other species with validly published names were less than 92.2%. 25106923 10 56 theme novel 1692:1696 arg1 species 1698:1704 a novel species 1690:1704 a novel species 1690:1704 On the basis of the data presented, strain DMCK3-4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Simiduia, for which the name Simiduia curdlanivorans sp. 25106923 8 57 theme Simiduia 1291:1298 arg1 T 1359:1359 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) 1327:1360 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 57 theme Simiduia 1291:1298 arg1 T 1393:1393 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 57 theme Simiduia 1291:1298 arg1 T 1323:1323 KCTC 23176(T) 1312:1324 KCTC 23176(T) 1312:1324 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 57 theme Simiduia 1291:1298 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 6 58 theme C 971:971 arg1 ubiquinone 874:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 58 theme C 971:971 arg1 ω7c 978:980 C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c 959:980 C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c 959:980 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 3 59 theme pH 451:452 arg1 7.0-8.0 454:460 pH 7.0-8.0 451:460 pH 7.0-8.0 451:460 Strain DMCK3-4(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25106923 1 60 theme genus 165:169 arg1 Simiduia 171:178 the genus Simiduia 161:178 the genus Simiduia 161:178 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 3 61 dep % 488:488 arg1 w/v 491:493 w/v 491:493 w/v 491:493 Strain DMCK3-4(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25106923 9 62 theme strain 1537:1542 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) is distinct from other species of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 9 62 theme strain 1537:1542 arg1 DMCK3-4 1544:1550 strain DMCK3-4 1537:1550 strain DMCK3-4(T) 1537:1553 The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) is distinct from other species of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 4 63 theme gene 539:542 arg1 sequences 544:552 16S rRNA gene sequences 530:552 16S rRNA gene sequences 530:552 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 5 64 theme type 738:741 arg1 strains 743:749 the type strains 734:749 the type strains of the other species 734:770 Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other species with validly published names were less than 92.2%. 25106923 10 65 theme genus 1713:1717 arg1 Simiduia 1719:1726 the genus Simiduia 1709:1726 the genus Simiduia 1709:1726 On the basis of the data presented, strain DMCK3-4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Simiduia, for which the name Simiduia curdlanivorans sp. 25106923 8 66 theme Simiduia 1366:1373 arg1 T 1393:1393 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 66 theme Simiduia 1366:1373 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 5 67 theme Sequence 709:716 arg1 similarities 718:729 Sequence similarities 709:729 Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other species with validly published names 709:799 Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other species with validly published names were less than 92.2%. 25106923 6 68 theme C 959:959 arg1 ubiquinone 874:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 68 theme C 959:959 arg1 ω7c 978:980 C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c 959:980 C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c 959:980 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 4 69 theme 16S 530:532 arg1 sequences 544:552 16S rRNA gene sequences 530:552 16S rRNA gene sequences 530:552 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 6 70 theme fatty 995:999 arg1 Q-8 851:853 Q-8 851:853 Q-8 851:853 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 70 theme fatty 995:999 arg1 acids 1001:1005 the major fatty acids 985:1005 the major fatty acids 985:1005 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 3 71 theme % 488:488 arg1 NaCl 496:499 2.0% (w/v) NaCl 485:499 2.0% (w/v) NaCl 485:499 Strain DMCK3-4(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25106923 8 72 theme NRIC 1383:1386 arg1 T 1393:1393 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1366:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 72 theme NRIC 1383:1386 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 9 73 theme other 1572:1576 arg1 species 1578:1584 other species 1572:1584 other species of the genus Simiduia 1572:1606 The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) is distinct from other species of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 2 74 theme bacterial 263:271 arg1 strain 273:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain 181:278 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 1 75 theme freshwater 115:124 arg1 description 146:156 a freshwater spring, and emended description 113:156 a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia 113:178 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 6 76 theme predominant 862:872 arg1 ubiquinone 874:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 76 theme predominant 862:872 arg1 ω7c 978:980 C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c 959:980 C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c 959:980 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 76 theme predominant 862:872 arg1 C 950:950 C 950:950 C(16:0) 950:956 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 76 theme predominant 862:872 arg1 Q-8 851:853 Q-8 851:853 Q-8 851:853 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 76 theme predominant 862:872 arg1 ω8c 945:947 C(17:1)ω8c 938:947 C(17:1)ω8c 938:947 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 7 77 theme strain 1034:1039 arg1 T 1049:1049 T 1049:1049 T 1049:1049 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 7 77 theme strain 1034:1039 arg1 DMCK3-4 1041:1047 strain DMCK3-4 1034:1047 strain DMCK3-4(T) 1034:1050 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 3 78 theme NaCl 496:499 arg1 presence 473:480 the presence 469:480 the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl 469:499 Strain DMCK3-4(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25106923 9 79 theme genus 1593:1597 arg1 Simiduia 1599:1606 the genus Simiduia 1589:1606 the genus Simiduia 1589:1606 The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) is distinct from other species of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 4 80 theme strain 568:573 arg1 T 583:583 T 583:583 T 583:583 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 4 80 theme strain 568:573 arg1 DMCK3-4 575:581 strain DMCK3-4 568:581 strain DMCK3-4(T) 568:584 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 1 81 theme emended 138:144 arg1 description 146:156 a freshwater spring, and emended description 113:156 a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia 113:178 nov., a curdlan-degrading bacterium isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring, and emended description of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 8 82 theme G+C 1199:1201 arg1 % 1244:1244 51.8 mol% 1236:1244 51.8 mol% 1236:1244 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 82 theme G+C 1199:1201 arg1 content 1203:1209 The DNA G+C content 1191:1209 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) 1191:1230 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 6 83 dep ubiquinone 874:883 arg1 ω7c 914:916 C(16:1)ω7c 907:916 C(16:1)ω7c 907:916 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 83 dep ubiquinone 874:883 arg1 ω6c 932:934 C(16:1)ω6c 925:934 C(16:1)ω6c 925:934 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 8 84 theme DMCK3-4 1221:1227 arg1 % 1244:1244 51.8 mol% 1236:1244 51.8 mol% 1236:1244 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 84 theme DMCK3-4 1221:1227 arg1 content 1203:1209 The DNA G+C content 1191:1209 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) 1191:1230 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 4 85 theme genus 637:641 arg1 Simiduia 643:650 the genus Simiduia 633:650 the genus Simiduia 633:650 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 2 86 theme freshwater 353:362 arg1 spring 364:369 a freshwater spring 351:369 a freshwater spring 351:369 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 13 87 theme genus 1888:1892 arg1 Simiduia 1894:1901 the genus Simiduia 1884:1901 the genus Simiduia 1884:1901 An emended description of the genus Simiduia is also proposed. 25106923 12 88 dep DMCK3-4 1813:1819 arg1  =CECT 1841:1846  =CECT 1841:1846  =CECT 1841:1846 The type strain is DMCK3-4(T) ( = KCTC 42075(T) =CECT 8570(T)). 25106923 5 89 with similarities 718:729 arg1 names 795:799 validly published names 777:799 validly published names 777:799 Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other species with validly published names were less than 92.2%. 25106923 6 90 contain contained 841:849 arg1 T 838:838 T 838:838 T 838:838 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 90 contain contained 841:849 arg2 ubiquinone 874:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 the predominant ubiquinone 858:883 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 90 contain contained 841:849 arg2 acids 1001:1005 the major fatty acids 985:1005 the major fatty acids 985:1005 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 90 contain contained 841:849 arg2 Q-8 851:853 Q-8 851:853 Q-8 851:853 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 6 90 contain contained 841:849 arg1 DMCK3-4 830:836 Strain DMCK3-4 823:836 Strain DMCK3-4(T) 823:839 Strain DMCK3-4(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(17:1)ω8c, C(16:0), C(17:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. 25106923 2 91 theme Jeju 379:382 arg1 Korea 398:402 Korea 398:402 Korea 398:402 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 2 91 theme Jeju 379:382 arg1 island 384:389 Jeju island 379:389 Jeju island 379:389 A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DMCK3-4(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. 25106923 13 92 theme emended 1861:1867 arg1 description 1869:1879 An emended description 1858:1879 An emended description of the genus Simiduia 1858:1901 An emended description of the genus Simiduia is also proposed. 25106923 9 93 theme phylogenetic 1481:1492 arg1 distinctiveness 1506:1520 the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness 1477:1520 the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness 1477:1520 The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) is distinct from other species of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 9 94 theme phenotypic 1440:1449 arg1 properties 1451:1460 The differential phenotypic properties 1423:1460 The differential phenotypic properties 1423:1460 The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) is distinct from other species of the genus Simiduia. 25106923 8 95 theme mol 1241:1243 arg1 % 1244:1244 51.8 mol% 1236:1244 51.8 mol% 1236:1244 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 95 theme mol 1241:1243 arg1 content 1203:1209 The DNA G+C content 1191:1209 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) 1191:1230 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 4 96 theme % 686:686 arg1 similarity 697:706 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity 677:706 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity 677:706 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 25106923 8 97 theme 23176 1317:1321 arg1 T 1323:1323 KCTC 23176(T) 1312:1324 KCTC 23176(T) 1312:1324 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 97 theme 23176 1317:1321 arg1 agarivorans 1300:1310 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1291:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 8 98 theme mean 1254:1257 arg1 values 1279:1284 its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 1250:1284 its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1250:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 7 99 theme major 1012:1016 arg1 lipids 1024:1029 The major polar lipids 1008:1029 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) 1008:1050 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 7 99 theme major 1012:1016 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1057:1080 phosphatidylethanolamine 1057:1080 phosphatidylethanolamine 1057:1080 The major polar lipids of strain DMCK3-4(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. 25106923 8 100 theme relatedness 1267:1277 arg1 values 1279:1284 its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 1250:1284 its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) 1250:1394 The DNA G+C content of strain DMCK3-4(T) was 51.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with Simiduia agarivorans KCTC 23176(T), Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) and Simiduia litorea NRIC 0917(T) were 23-34%, respectively. 25106923 4 101 theme Phylogenetic 502:513 arg1 trees 515:519 Phylogenetic trees 502:519 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 502:552 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMCK3-4(T) clustered with the strains of three members of the genus Simiduia, with which it exhibited 97.0-99.0% sequence similarity. 27491067 4 0 theme microbiota 555:564 arg1 composition 566:576 gut microbiota composition 551:576 gut microbiota composition 551:576 However, the extent to which changes in gut microbiota composition and function mediate the dysregulation of these pathways is unknown. 27491067 6 1 theme binding 802:808 arg1 protein 810:816 plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein 776:816 plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein 776:816 Cytokines, CRP, Salivary Cortisol and plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein were determined by ELISA. 27491067 6 1 theme binding 802:808 arg1 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines, CRP, Salivary Cortisol and plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein were determined by ELISA. 27491067 10 2 theme decreased 1174:1182 arg1 richness 1199:1206 decreased gut microbiota richness 1174:1206 decreased gut microbiota richness 1174:1206 We demonstrate that depression is associated with decreased gut microbiota richness and diversity. 27491067 12 3 theme depression 1606:1615 arg1 features 1594:1601 features 1594:1601 features of depression 1594:1615 This suggests that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of depression and may provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder. 27491067 4 4 from changes 540:546 arg1 composition 566:576 gut microbiota composition 551:576 gut microbiota composition 551:576 However, the extent to which changes in gut microbiota composition and function mediate the dysregulation of these pathways is unknown. 27491067 4 4 from changes 540:546 arg1 function 582:589 function 582:589 function 582:589 However, the extent to which changes in gut microbiota composition and function mediate the dysregulation of these pathways is unknown. 27491067 2 5 theme brain 383:387 arg1 development 389:399 brain development 383:399 brain development 383:399 These pathways are components of the brain-gut-microbiota axis and preclinical evidence suggests that the microbiota can recruit this bidirectional communication system to modulate brain development, function and behaviour. 27491067 12 6 dep treatment 1659:1667 arg1 the 1655:1657 the 1655:1657 the 1655:1657 This suggests that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of depression and may provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder. 27491067 9 7 theme depressed 1024:1032 arg1 patients 1034:1041 depressed patients 1024:1041 depressed patients 1024:1041 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 2 8 theme preclinical 269:279 arg1 evidence 281:288 preclinical evidence 269:288 preclinical evidence 269:288 These pathways are components of the brain-gut-microbiota axis and preclinical evidence suggests that the microbiota can recruit this bidirectional communication system to modulate brain development, function and behaviour. 27491067 5 9 theme major 673:677 arg1 depression 679:688 major depression 673:688 major depression 673:688 Thirty four patients with major depression and 33 matched healthy controls were recruited. 27491067 8 10 theme rRNA 939:942 arg1 sequencing 944:953 rRNA sequencing 939:953 rRNA sequencing 939:953 Fecal samples were collected for 16s rRNA sequencing. 27491067 11 11 from depression 1376:1385 arg1 animals 1404:1410 the recipient animals 1390:1410 the recipient animals 1390:1410 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 9 12 theme patients 1034:1041 arg1 group 1015:1019 a sub group 1009:1019 a sub group of depressed patients and controls 1009:1054 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 9 12 theme patients 1034:1041 arg1 patients 1034:1041 depressed patients 1024:1041 depressed patients 1024:1041 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 9 12 theme patients 1034:1041 arg1 controls 1047:1054 controls 1047:1054 controls 1047:1054 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 6 13 theme Lipopolysaccharide 783:800 arg1 protein 810:816 plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein 776:816 plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein 776:816 Cytokines, CRP, Salivary Cortisol and plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein were determined by ELISA. 27491067 6 13 theme Lipopolysaccharide 783:800 arg1 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines, CRP, Salivary Cortisol and plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein were determined by ELISA. 27491067 11 14 from alterations 1473:1483 arg1 metabolism 1499:1508 tryptophan metabolism 1488:1508 tryptophan metabolism 1488:1508 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 11 15 theme microbiota-depleted 1283:1301 arg1 rats 1303:1306 microbiota-depleted rats 1283:1306 microbiota-depleted rats 1283:1306 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 1 16 theme neural 185:190 arg1 pathways 192:199 neural pathways 185:199 neural pathways 185:199 The gut microbiota interacts with the host via neuroimmune, neuroendocrine and neural pathways. 27491067 9 17 theme sub 1011:1013 arg1 group 1015:1019 a sub group 1009:1019 a sub group of depressed patients and controls 1009:1054 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 9 17 theme sub 1011:1013 arg1 patients 1034:1041 depressed patients 1024:1041 depressed patients 1024:1041 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 9 17 theme sub 1011:1013 arg1 controls 1047:1054 controls 1047:1054 controls 1047:1054 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 4 18 theme gut 551:553 arg1 composition 566:576 gut microbiota composition 551:576 gut microbiota composition 551:576 However, the extent to which changes in gut microbiota composition and function mediate the dysregulation of these pathways is unknown. 27491067 0 19 theme gut 46:48 arg1 microbiota 50:59 Depression-associated gut microbiota 24:59 Depression-associated gut microbiota 24:59 Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat. 27491067 11 20 from patients 1271:1278 arg1 transplantation 1240:1254 Fecal microbiota transplantation 1223:1254 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats 1223:1306 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 10 21 theme microbiota 1188:1197 arg1 richness 1199:1206 decreased gut microbiota richness 1174:1206 decreased gut microbiota richness 1174:1206 We demonstrate that depression is associated with decreased gut microbiota richness and diversity. 27491067 5 22 theme healthy 705:711 arg1 controls 713:720 33 matched healthy controls 694:720 33 matched healthy controls 694:720 Thirty four patients with major depression and 33 matched healthy controls were recruited. 27491067 11 23 from behaviours 1450:1459 arg1 metabolism 1499:1508 tryptophan metabolism 1488:1508 tryptophan metabolism 1488:1508 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 2 24 theme bidirectional 336:348 arg1 system 364:369 this bidirectional communication system 331:369 this bidirectional communication system to modulate brain development, function and behaviour 331:423 These pathways are components of the brain-gut-microbiota axis and preclinical evidence suggests that the microbiota can recruit this bidirectional communication system to modulate brain development, function and behaviour. 27491067 3 25 theme neuroimmune-neuroendocrine 469:494 arg1 dysregulation 496:508 neuroimmune-neuroendocrine dysregulation 469:508 neuroimmune-neuroendocrine dysregulation 469:508 The pathophysiology of depression involves neuroimmune-neuroendocrine dysregulation. 27491067 11 26 theme tryptophan 1488:1497 arg1 metabolism 1499:1508 tryptophan metabolism 1488:1508 tryptophan metabolism 1488:1508 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 4 27 theme pathways 626:633 arg1 dysregulation 603:615 the dysregulation 599:615 the dysregulation of these pathways 599:633 However, the extent to which changes in gut microbiota composition and function mediate the dysregulation of these pathways is unknown. 27491067 6 28 theme Salivary 754:761 arg1 Cortisol 763:770 Salivary Cortisol 754:770 Salivary Cortisol 754:770 Cytokines, CRP, Salivary Cortisol and plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein were determined by ELISA. 27491067 6 28 theme Salivary 754:761 arg1 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines, CRP, Salivary Cortisol and plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein were determined by ELISA. 27491067 11 29 theme anxiety-like 1437:1448 arg1 behaviours 1450:1459 anxiety-like behaviours 1437:1459 anxiety-like behaviours 1437:1459 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 12 30 from target 1645:1650 arg1 prevention 1673:1682 prevention 1673:1682 prevention 1673:1682 This suggests that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of depression and may provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder. 27491067 12 30 from target 1645:1650 arg1 treatment 1659:1667 treatment 1659:1667 treatment 1659:1667 This suggests that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of depression and may provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder. 27491067 5 31 with patients 659:666 arg1 depression 679:688 major depression 673:688 major depression 673:688 Thirty four patients with major depression and 33 matched healthy controls were recruited. 27491067 11 32 theme depression 1376:1385 arg1 characteristic 1358:1371 characteristic 1358:1371 characteristic 1358:1371 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 11 33 theme Fecal 1223:1227 arg1 transplantation 1240:1254 Fecal microbiota transplantation 1223:1254 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats 1223:1306 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 11 34 theme behavioural 1319:1329 arg1 features 1349:1356 behavioural and physiological features 1319:1356 behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals 1319:1410 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 11 35 theme microbiota 1229:1238 arg1 transplantation 1240:1254 Fecal microbiota transplantation 1223:1254 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats 1223:1306 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 9 36 theme oral 1075:1078 arg1 gavage 1080:1085 oral gavage 1075:1085 oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model 1075:1121 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 12 37 theme causal 1560:1565 arg1 role 1567:1570 a causal role 1558:1570 a causal role 1558:1570 This suggests that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of depression and may provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder. 27491067 1 38 theme gut 110:112 arg1 microbiota 114:123 The gut microbiota 106:123 The gut microbiota 106:123 The gut microbiota interacts with the host via neuroimmune, neuroendocrine and neural pathways. 27491067 11 39 theme physiological 1335:1347 arg1 features 1349:1356 behavioural and physiological features 1319:1356 behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals 1319:1410 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 3 40 theme depression 449:458 arg1 pathophysiology 430:444 The pathophysiology 426:444 The pathophysiology of depression 426:458 The pathophysiology of depression involves neuroimmune-neuroendocrine dysregulation. 27491067 6 41 theme plasma 776:781 arg1 protein 810:816 plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein 776:816 plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein 776:816 Cytokines, CRP, Salivary Cortisol and plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein were determined by ELISA. 27491067 6 41 theme plasma 776:781 arg1 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines 738:746 Cytokines, CRP, Salivary Cortisol and plasma Lipopolysaccharide binding protein were determined by ELISA. 27491067 9 42 theme Fecal 958:962 arg1 transplantation 975:989 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation 956:989 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation 956:989 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 12 43 theme tractable 1635:1643 arg1 target 1645:1650 a tractable target 1633:1650 a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder 1633:1699 This suggests that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of depression and may provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder. 27491067 2 44 theme brain-gut-microbiota 239:258 arg1 axis 260:263 the brain-gut-microbiota axis 235:263 the brain-gut-microbiota axis 235:263 These pathways are components of the brain-gut-microbiota axis and preclinical evidence suggests that the microbiota can recruit this bidirectional communication system to modulate brain development, function and behaviour. 27491067 0 45 theme Depression-associated 24:44 arg1 microbiota 50:59 Depression-associated gut microbiota 24:59 Depression-associated gut microbiota 24:59 Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat. 27491067 9 46 theme Microbiota 964:973 arg1 transplantation 975:989 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation 956:989 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation 956:989 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 9 47 theme controls 1047:1054 arg1 group 1015:1019 a sub group 1009:1019 a sub group of depressed patients and controls 1009:1054 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 9 47 theme controls 1047:1054 arg1 patients 1034:1041 depressed patients 1024:1041 depressed patients 1024:1041 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 9 47 theme controls 1047:1054 arg1 controls 1047:1054 controls 1047:1054 controls 1047:1054 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 11 48 from anhedonia 1423:1431 arg1 metabolism 1499:1508 tryptophan metabolism 1488:1508 tryptophan metabolism 1488:1508 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 7 49 dep Plasma 844:849 arg1 tryptophan 851:860 tryptophan 851:860 tryptophan 851:860 Plasma tryptophan and kynurenine were determined by HPLC. 27491067 9 50 theme microbiota-deficient 1092:1111 arg1 model 1117:1121 a microbiota-deficient rat model 1090:1121 a microbiota-deficient rat model 1090:1121 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 12 51 theme features 1594:1601 arg1 development 1579:1589 the development 1575:1589 the development of features of depression 1575:1615 This suggests that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of depression and may provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder. 27491067 5 52 theme matched 697:703 arg1 controls 713:720 33 matched healthy controls 694:720 33 matched healthy controls 694:720 Thirty four patients with major depression and 33 matched healthy controls were recruited. 27491067 5 53 with controls 713:720 arg1 depression 679:688 major depression 673:688 major depression 673:688 Thirty four patients with major depression and 33 matched healthy controls were recruited. 27491067 9 54 theme rat 1113:1115 arg1 model 1117:1121 a microbiota-deficient rat model 1090:1121 a microbiota-deficient rat model 1090:1121 A Fecal Microbiota transplantation was prepared from a sub group of depressed patients and controls and transferred by oral gavage to a microbiota-deficient rat model. 27491067 11 55 theme depressed 1261:1269 arg1 patients 1271:1278 depressed patients 1261:1278 depressed patients 1261:1278 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 8 56 theme Fecal 902:906 arg1 samples 908:914 Fecal samples 902:914 Fecal samples 902:914 Fecal samples were collected for 16s rRNA sequencing. 27491067 12 57 theme gut 1534:1536 arg1 microbiota 1538:1547 the gut microbiota 1530:1547 the gut microbiota 1530:1547 This suggests that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of depression and may provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder. 27491067 11 58 theme recipient 1394:1402 arg1 animals 1404:1410 the recipient animals 1390:1410 the recipient animals 1390:1410 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 0 59 dep blues 17:21 arg1 induces 61:67 induces 61:67 induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat 61:103 Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat. 27491067 2 60 theme communication 350:362 arg1 system 364:369 this bidirectional communication system 331:369 this bidirectional communication system to modulate brain development, function and behaviour 331:423 These pathways are components of the brain-gut-microbiota axis and preclinical evidence suggests that the microbiota can recruit this bidirectional communication system to modulate brain development, function and behaviour. 27491067 11 61 from features 1349:1356 arg1 metabolism 1499:1508 tryptophan metabolism 1488:1508 tryptophan metabolism 1488:1508 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 0 62 theme neurobehavioural 69:84 arg1 changes 86:92 neurobehavioural changes 69:92 neurobehavioural changes 69:92 Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat. 27491067 10 63 theme gut 1184:1186 arg1 richness 1199:1206 decreased gut microbiota richness 1174:1206 decreased gut microbiota richness 1174:1206 We demonstrate that depression is associated with decreased gut microbiota richness and diversity. 27491067 2 64 theme axis 260:263 arg1 components 221:230 components 221:230 components of the brain-gut-microbiota axis 221:263 These pathways are components of the brain-gut-microbiota axis and preclinical evidence suggests that the microbiota can recruit this bidirectional communication system to modulate brain development, function and behaviour. 27491067 2 64 theme axis 260:263 arg1 pathways 208:215 These pathways 202:215 These pathways 202:215 These pathways are components of the brain-gut-microbiota axis and preclinical evidence suggests that the microbiota can recruit this bidirectional communication system to modulate brain development, function and behaviour. 27491067 11 65 theme characteristic 1358:1371 arg1 features 1349:1356 behavioural and physiological features 1319:1356 behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals 1319:1410 Fecal microbiota transplantation from depressed patients to microbiota-depleted rats can induce behavioural and physiological features characteristic of depression in the recipient animals, including anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as alterations in tryptophan metabolism. 27491067 12 66 theme disorder 1692:1699 arg1 prevention 1673:1682 prevention 1673:1682 prevention 1673:1682 This suggests that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of depression and may provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder. 27491067 12 66 theme disorder 1692:1699 arg1 treatment 1659:1667 treatment 1659:1667 treatment 1659:1667 This suggests that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of depression and may provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of this disorder. 25111567 1 0 theme in 280:281 arg1 photopolymerization 288:306 a one-step in situ photopolymerization 269:306 a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity 269:382 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 3 1 theme optical 655:661 arg1 energy 663:668 optical energy 655:668 optical energy 655:668 AuNRs can be used as a photoabsorbing agent to generate heat from optical energy. 25111567 1 2 theme nm 330:331 arg1 irradiation 339:349 noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation 314:349 noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation 314:349 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 3 theme ethylene 207:214 arg1 poly 202:205 poly 202:205 poly(ethylene glycol) 202:222 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 3 theme ethylene 207:214 arg1 glycol 216:221 ethylene glycol 207:221 ethylene glycol 207:221 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 3 4 theme photoabsorbing 612:625 arg1 AuNRs 589:593 AuNRs 589:593 AuNRs 589:593 AuNRs can be used as a photoabsorbing agent to generate heat from optical energy. 25111567 3 4 theme photoabsorbing 612:625 arg1 agent 627:631 a photoabsorbing agent 610:631 a photoabsorbing agent to generate heat from optical energy 610:668 AuNRs can be used as a photoabsorbing agent to generate heat from optical energy. 25111567 5 5 theme curative 1010:1017 arg1 effect 1019:1024 the curative effect 1006:1024 the curative effect 1006:1024 The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. 25111567 2 6 with oxygen 541:546 arg1 oxygen 561:566 oxygen 561:566 oxygen 561:566 SE plays a role as a photoinitiator for initiating the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel and as an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells. 25111567 2 7 theme tumor 576:580 arg1 cells 582:586 tumor cells 576:586 tumor cells 576:586 SE plays a role as a photoinitiator for initiating the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel and as an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells. 25111567 5 8 theme good 839:842 arg1 biocompatibility 844:859 good biocompatibility 839:859 good biocompatibility 839:859 The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. 25111567 5 9 from concentration 962:974 arg1 lesions 979:985 lesions 979:985 lesions 979:985 The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. 25111567 6 10 theme gelation 1153:1160 arg1 heating 1084:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating 1046:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation 1046:1160 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 6 11 theme mild 1066:1069 arg1 heating 1084:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating 1046:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation 1046:1160 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 1 12 theme double 224:229 arg1 PEGDA 242:246 PEGDA 242:246 PEGDA 242:246 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 12 theme double 224:229 arg1 acrylates 231:239 double acrylates 224:239 double acrylates (PEGDA) 224:247 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 2 13 theme hydrogel 463:470 arg1 formation 440:448 the formation 436:448 the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel 436:470 SE plays a role as a photoinitiator for initiating the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel and as an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells. 25111567 1 14 theme noninvasive 314:324 arg1 irradiation 339:349 noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation 314:349 noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation 314:349 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 4 15 theme hydrogel 744:751 arg1 formation 727:735 the formation 723:735 the formation of the hydrogel 723:751 Moreover, the introduction of AuNRs is conducive to the formation of the hydrogel and accelerates the rate of (1)O2 generation. 25111567 6 16 theme light-triggered 1050:1064 arg1 heating 1084:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating 1046:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation 1046:1160 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 2 17 theme PEGDA 457:461 arg1 hydrogel 463:470 the PEGDA hydrogel 453:470 the PEGDA hydrogel 453:470 SE plays a role as a photoinitiator for initiating the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel and as an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells. 25111567 1 18 theme 660 326:328 arg1 nm 330:331 nm 330:331 nm 330:331 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 5 19 theme tumor 864:868 arg1 cells 870:874 tumor cells 864:874 tumor cells 864:874 The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. 25111567 1 20 contain contains 144:151 arg2 glycol 216:221 ethylene glycol 207:221 ethylene glycol 207:221 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 20 contain contains 144:151 arg2 AuNRs 190:194 AuNRs 190:194 AuNRs 190:194 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 20 contain contains 144:151 arg2 SE 170:171 SE 170:171 SE 170:171 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 20 contain contains 144:151 arg1 hydrogel 130:137 a novel composite hydrogel 112:137 a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) 112:247 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 20 contain contains 144:151 arg2 extract 161:167 spinach extract 153:167 spinach extract (SE) 153:172 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 20 contain contains 144:151 arg2 nanorods 180:187 gold nanorods 175:187 gold nanorods (AuNRs) 175:195 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 20 contain contains 144:151 arg2 poly 202:205 poly 202:205 poly(ethylene glycol) 202:222 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 21 dep extract 161:167 arg1 PEGDA 242:246 PEGDA 242:246 PEGDA 242:246 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 21 dep extract 161:167 arg1 acrylates 231:239 double acrylates 224:239 double acrylates (PEGDA) 224:247 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 6 22 theme localized 1143:1151 arg1 gelation 1153:1160 localized gelation 1143:1160 localized gelation 1143:1160 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 5 23 contain has 835:837 arg1 shell 822:826 The composite hydrogel shell 799:826 The composite hydrogel shell 799:826 The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. 25111567 5 23 contain has 835:837 arg2 biocompatibility 844:859 good biocompatibility 839:859 good biocompatibility 839:859 The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. 25111567 1 24 theme gold 175:178 arg1 AuNRs 190:194 AuNRs 190:194 AuNRs 190:194 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 24 theme gold 175:178 arg1 nanorods 180:187 gold nanorods 175:187 gold nanorods (AuNRs) 175:195 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 0 25 theme antitumor 25:33 arg1 properties 35:44 multiple antitumor properties 16:44 multiple antitumor properties 16:44 Preparation and multiple antitumor properties of AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel. 25111567 6 26 theme synergistic 1196:1206 arg1 effect 1208:1213 a synergistic effect 1194:1213 a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells 1194:1249 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 6 27 theme cancer 1238:1243 arg1 cells 1245:1249 cancer cells 1238:1249 cancer cells 1238:1249 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 0 28 theme multiple 16:23 arg1 properties 35:44 multiple antitumor properties 16:44 multiple antitumor properties 16:44 Preparation and multiple antitumor properties of AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel. 25111567 6 29 theme photothermal 1071:1082 arg1 heating 1084:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating 1046:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation 1046:1160 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 1 30 theme laser 333:337 arg1 irradiation 339:349 noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation 314:349 noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation 314:349 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 31 dep in 280:281 arg1 situ 283:286 situ 283:286 situ 283:286 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 2 32 theme excellent 482:490 arg1 photosensitizer 492:506 an excellent photosensitizer 479:506 an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells 479:586 SE plays a role as a photoinitiator for initiating the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel and as an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells. 25111567 5 33 theme high 957:960 arg1 concentration 962:974 a high concentration 955:974 a high concentration on lesions 955:985 The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. 25111567 6 34 theme treatment 1119:1127 arg1 heating 1084:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating 1046:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation 1046:1160 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 6 35 theme cells 1245:1249 arg1 destruction 1223:1233 the destruction 1219:1233 the destruction of cancer cells 1219:1249 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 0 36 theme extract/PEGDA 63:75 arg1 hydrogel 87:94 AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel 49:94 AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel 49:94 Preparation and multiple antitumor properties of AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel. 25111567 1 37 theme localized 355:363 arg1 activity 375:382 localized antitumor activity 355:382 localized antitumor activity 355:382 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 6 38 theme photodynamic 1106:1117 arg1 treatment 1119:1127 the photodynamic treatment 1102:1127 the photodynamic treatment using SE 1102:1136 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 4 39 theme generation 787:796 arg1 rate 773:776 the rate 769:776 the rate of (1)O2 generation 769:796 Moreover, the introduction of AuNRs is conducive to the formation of the hydrogel and accelerates the rate of (1)O2 generation. 25111567 1 40 theme novel 114:118 arg1 hydrogel 130:137 a novel composite hydrogel 112:137 a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) 112:247 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 0 41 theme AuNRs/spinach 49:61 arg1 hydrogel 87:94 AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel 49:94 AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel 49:94 Preparation and multiple antitumor properties of AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel. 25111567 2 42 theme singlet 533:539 arg1 O2 552:553 O2 552:553 O2 552:553 SE plays a role as a photoinitiator for initiating the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel and as an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells. 25111567 2 42 theme singlet 533:539 arg1 oxygen 541:546 cytotoxic singlet oxygen 523:546 cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen 523:566 SE plays a role as a photoinitiator for initiating the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel and as an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells. 25111567 1 43 theme antitumor 365:373 arg1 activity 375:382 localized antitumor activity 355:382 localized antitumor activity 355:382 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 44 theme composite 120:128 arg1 hydrogel 130:137 a novel composite hydrogel 112:137 a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) 112:247 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 2 45 theme cytotoxic 523:531 arg1 O2 552:553 O2 552:553 O2 552:553 SE plays a role as a photoinitiator for initiating the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel and as an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells. 25111567 2 45 theme cytotoxic 523:531 arg1 oxygen 541:546 cytotoxic singlet oxygen 523:546 cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen 523:566 SE plays a role as a photoinitiator for initiating the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel and as an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells. 25111567 5 46 theme normal 927:932 arg1 tissue 934:939 normal tissue 927:939 normal tissue 927:939 The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. 25111567 4 47 theme AuNRs 701:705 arg1 conducive 710:718 conducive 710:718 conducive 710:718 Moreover, the introduction of AuNRs is conducive to the formation of the hydrogel and accelerates the rate of (1)O2 generation. 25111567 4 47 theme AuNRs 701:705 arg1 introduction 685:696 the introduction 681:696 the introduction of AuNRs 681:705 Moreover, the introduction of AuNRs is conducive to the formation of the hydrogel and accelerates the rate of (1)O2 generation. 25111567 5 48 theme composite 803:811 arg1 shell 822:826 The composite hydrogel shell 799:826 The composite hydrogel shell 799:826 The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. 25111567 6 49 theme NIR 1046:1048 arg1 heating 1084:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating 1046:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation 1046:1160 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 6 50 theme AuNRs 1095:1099 arg1 heating 1084:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating 1046:1090 NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation 1046:1160 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 5 51 theme hydrogel 813:820 arg1 shell 822:826 The composite hydrogel shell 799:826 The composite hydrogel shell 799:826 The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. 25111567 3 52 used used 602:605 arg2 AuNRs 589:593 AuNRs 589:593 AuNRs 589:593 AuNRs can be used as a photoabsorbing agent to generate heat from optical energy. 25111567 3 52 used used 602:605 arg2 agent 627:631 a photoabsorbing agent 610:631 a photoabsorbing agent to generate heat from optical energy 610:668 AuNRs can be used as a photoabsorbing agent to generate heat from optical energy. 25111567 0 53 theme hydrogel 87:94 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and multiple antitumor properties of AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel. 25111567 0 53 theme hydrogel 87:94 arg1 properties 35:44 multiple antitumor properties 16:44 multiple antitumor properties 16:44 Preparation and multiple antitumor properties of AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel. 25111567 0 54 theme composite 77:85 arg1 hydrogel 87:94 AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel 49:94 AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel 49:94 Preparation and multiple antitumor properties of AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel. 25111567 1 55 theme one-step 271:278 arg1 photopolymerization 288:306 a one-step in situ photopolymerization 269:306 a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity 269:382 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 6 56 theme heating 1084:1090 arg1 combination 1031:1041 The combination 1027:1041 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization 1027:1183 The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells. 25111567 1 57 theme spinach 153:159 arg1 SE 170:171 SE 170:171 SE 170:171 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 25111567 1 57 theme spinach 153:159 arg1 extract 161:167 spinach extract 153:167 spinach extract (SE) 153:172 In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. 24816121 8 0 theme mM 1294:1295 arg1 range 1270:1274 a linear range 1261:1274 a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM 1261:1295 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 0 theme mM 1294:1295 arg1 time 1234:1237 a response time 1223:1237 a response time of less than 15 s 1223:1255 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 7 1 theme composite 1050:1058 arg1 film 1060:1063 the outer composite film 1040:1063 the outer composite film was 2% 1040:1070 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 9 2 contain had 1336:1338 arg2 stability 1391:1399 long-term stability 1381:1399 long-term stability 1381:1399 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 9 2 contain had 1336:1338 arg1 biosensor 1326:1334 the fabricated biosensor 1311:1334 the fabricated biosensor 1311:1334 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 9 2 contain had 1336:1338 arg2 reproducibility 1360:1374 reproducibility 1360:1374 reproducibility 1360:1374 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 9 2 contain had 1336:1338 arg2 selectivity 1347:1357 a good selectivity 1340:1357 a good selectivity 1340:1357 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 0 3 theme polythionine 67:78 arg1 nanotubes 103:111 polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes 67:111 polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes 67:111 Glucose biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. 24816121 3 4 from film 398:401 arg1 sequence 406:413 sequence 406:413 sequence 406:413 The remaining layers were coated with chitosan-MWCNTs, GOx, and the chitosan-PTFE film in sequence. 24816121 3 5 from chitosan-MWCNTs 354:368 arg1 sequence 406:413 sequence 406:413 sequence 406:413 The remaining layers were coated with chitosan-MWCNTs, GOx, and the chitosan-PTFE film in sequence. 24816121 0 6 theme carbon 96:101 arg1 nanotubes 103:111 polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes 67:111 polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes 67:111 Glucose biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. 24816121 5 7 theme PTH 638:640 arg1 conductivity 622:633 good electrical conductivity 606:633 good electrical conductivity of PTH and MWCNTs 606:651 Combining with good electrical conductivity of PTH and MWCNTs, the current response was enlarged. 24816121 7 8 theme optimum 903:909 arg1 temperature 919:929 an optimum working temperature 900:929 an optimum working temperature of 25°C 900:937 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 8 9 theme µM 1204:1205 arg1 limit 1193:1197 a low detection limit 1177:1197 a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3) 1177:1215 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 9 theme µM 1204:1205 arg1 -2 1169:1170 -2 1169:1170 -2 1169:1170 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 9 theme µM 1204:1205 arg1 S/N = 3 1208:1214 S/N = 3 1208:1214 S/N = 3 1208:1214 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 9 theme µM 1204:1205 arg1 cm 1166:1167 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm 1151:1167 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) 1151:1171 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 7 10 theme glucose 851:857 arg1 sensor 859:864 The glucose sensor 847:864 The glucose sensor 847:864 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 4 11 theme fast 560:563 arg1 transfer 581:588 fast direct electron transfer 560:588 fast direct electron transfer 560:588 The MWCNTs embedded in FAD were like "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode, reduced the distance between them and were propitious to fast direct electron transfer. 24816121 0 12 theme multiwalled 84:94 arg1 nanotubes 103:111 polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes 67:111 polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes 67:111 Glucose biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. 24816121 9 13 theme long-term 1381:1389 arg1 stability 1391:1399 long-term stability 1381:1399 long-term stability 1381:1399 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 7 14 theme 7.0 965:967 arg1 temperature 919:929 an optimum working temperature 900:929 an optimum working temperature of 25°C 900:937 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 14 theme 7.0 965:967 arg1 voltage 880:886 a working voltage 870:886 a working voltage of -0.42 V 870:897 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 14 theme 7.0 965:967 arg1 percentage 983:992 the best percentage 974:992 the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) 974:1035 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 14 theme 7.0 965:967 arg1 pH 959:960 an optimum working pH 940:960 an optimum working pH of 7.0 940:967 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 6 15 theme electrocatalytic 768:783 arg1 performance 785:795 excellent electrocatalytic performance 758:795 excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose 758:807 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 2 16 theme monomer 278:284 arg1 polymerisation 247:260 the electrochemical polymerisation 227:260 the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode 227:313 The first layer of the biosensor was polythionine, which was formed by the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode. 24816121 3 17 from GOx 371:373 arg1 sequence 406:413 sequence 406:413 sequence 406:413 The remaining layers were coated with chitosan-MWCNTs, GOx, and the chitosan-PTFE film in sequence. 24816121 6 18 theme excellent 758:766 arg1 performance 785:795 excellent electrocatalytic performance 758:795 excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose 758:807 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 2 19 theme thionine 269:276 arg1 monomer 278:284 the thionine monomer 265:284 the thionine monomer 265:284 The first layer of the biosensor was polythionine, which was formed by the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode. 24816121 8 20 theme µA 1156:1157 arg1 -2 1169:1170 -2 1169:1170 -2 1169:1170 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 20 theme µA 1156:1157 arg1 cm 1166:1167 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm 1151:1167 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) 1151:1171 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 0 21 theme carbon 36:41 arg1 electrode 43:51 a glassy carbon electrode 27:51 a glassy carbon electrode modified with polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes 27:111 Glucose biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. 24816121 4 22 theme wires 465:469 arg1 " 470:470 "conductive wires" 453:470 "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode 453:500 The MWCNTs embedded in FAD were like "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode, reduced the distance between them and were propitious to fast direct electron transfer. 24816121 8 23 theme high 1131:1134 arg1 sensitivity 1136:1146 a high sensitivity 1129:1146 a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3) 1129:1215 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 7 24 theme emulsion 1021:1028 arg1 temperature 919:929 an optimum working temperature 900:929 an optimum working temperature of 25°C 900:937 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 24 theme emulsion 1021:1028 arg1 voltage 880:886 a working voltage 870:886 a working voltage of -0.42 V 870:897 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 24 theme emulsion 1021:1028 arg1 percentage 983:992 the best percentage 974:992 the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) 974:1035 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 24 theme emulsion 1021:1028 arg1 pH 959:960 an optimum working pH 940:960 an optimum working pH of 7.0 940:967 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 9 25 theme third 1540:1544 arg1 biosensors 1557:1566 third generation biosensors 1540:1566 third generation biosensors 1540:1566 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 4 26 theme conductive 454:463 arg1 " 470:470 "conductive wires" 453:470 "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode 453:500 The MWCNTs embedded in FAD were like "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode, reduced the distance between them and were propitious to fast direct electron transfer. 24816121 5 27 theme good 606:609 arg1 conductivity 622:633 good electrical conductivity 606:633 good electrical conductivity of PTH and MWCNTs 606:651 Combining with good electrical conductivity of PTH and MWCNTs, the current response was enlarged. 24816121 9 28 theme biosensors 1557:1566 arg1 fabrication 1525:1535 fabrication 1525:1535 fabrication of third generation biosensors 1525:1566 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 9 28 theme biosensors 1557:1566 arg1 biomolecules 1508:1519 biomolecules 1508:1519 biomolecules 1508:1519 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 0 29 theme Glucose 0:6 arg1 biosensor 8:16 Glucose biosensor 0:16 Glucose biosensor 0:16 Glucose biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. 24816121 7 30 theme working 951:957 arg1 pH 959:960 an optimum working pH 940:960 an optimum working pH of 7.0 940:967 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 5 31 theme electrical 611:620 arg1 conductivity 622:633 good electrical conductivity 606:633 good electrical conductivity of PTH and MWCNTs 606:651 Combining with good electrical conductivity of PTH and MWCNTs, the current response was enlarged. 24816121 7 32 theme -0.42 891:895 arg1 V 897:897 -0.42 V 891:897 -0.42 V 891:897 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 2 33 theme carbon 298:303 arg1 electrode 305:313 a glassy carbon electrode 289:313 a glassy carbon electrode 289:313 The first layer of the biosensor was polythionine, which was formed by the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode. 24816121 8 34 theme mM 1159:1160 arg1 -2 1169:1170 -2 1169:1170 -2 1169:1170 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 34 theme mM 1159:1160 arg1 cm 1166:1167 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm 1151:1167 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) 1151:1171 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 35 theme optimised 1083:1091 arg1 conditions 1093:1102 the optimised conditions 1079:1102 the optimised conditions 1079:1102 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 7 36 theme polytetrafluoroethylene 997:1019 arg1 PTFE 1031:1034 PTFE 1031:1034 PTFE 1031:1034 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 36 theme polytetrafluoroethylene 997:1019 arg1 emulsion 1021:1028 polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion 997:1028 polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) 997:1035 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 37 theme working 911:917 arg1 temperature 919:929 an optimum working temperature 900:929 an optimum working temperature of 25°C 900:937 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 2 38 theme glassy 291:296 arg1 electrode 305:313 a glassy carbon electrode 289:313 a glassy carbon electrode 289:313 The first layer of the biosensor was polythionine, which was formed by the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode. 24816121 9 39 theme promising 1467:1475 arg1 material 1477:1484 a promising material 1465:1484 a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors 1465:1566 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 9 39 theme promising 1467:1475 arg1 composite 1452:1460 the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite 1418:1460 the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite 1418:1460 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 8 40 dep mM 1284:1285 arg1 to 1287:1288 to 1287:1288 to 1287:1288 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 4 41 from FAD 439:441 arg1 embedded 427:434 embedded 427:434 embedded 427:434 The MWCNTs embedded in FAD were like "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode, reduced the distance between them and were propitious to fast direct electron transfer. 24816121 8 42 theme linear 1263:1268 arg1 range 1270:1274 a linear range 1261:1274 a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM 1261:1295 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 43 theme limit 1193:1197 arg1 sensitivity 1136:1146 a high sensitivity 1129:1146 a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3) 1129:1215 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 0 44 theme glassy 29:34 arg1 electrode 43:51 a glassy carbon electrode 27:51 a glassy carbon electrode modified with polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes 27:111 Glucose biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with polythionine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. 24816121 9 45 theme biomolecules 1508:1519 arg1 immobilization 1490:1503 immobilization 1490:1503 immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors 1490:1566 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 4 46 theme embedded 427:434 arg1 MWCNTs 420:425 The MWCNTs 416:425 The MWCNTs embedded in FAD 416:441 The MWCNTs embedded in FAD were like "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode, reduced the distance between them and were propitious to fast direct electron transfer. 24816121 4 46 theme embedded 427:434 arg1 propitious 546:555 propitious 546:555 propitious 546:555 The MWCNTs embedded in FAD were like "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode, reduced the distance between them and were propitious to fast direct electron transfer. 24816121 7 47 contain had 866:868 arg1 sensor 859:864 The glucose sensor 847:864 The glucose sensor 847:864 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 47 contain had 866:868 arg2 pH 959:960 an optimum working pH 940:960 an optimum working pH of 7.0 940:967 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 47 contain had 866:868 arg2 voltage 880:886 a working voltage 870:886 a working voltage of -0.42 V 870:897 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 47 contain had 866:868 arg2 temperature 919:929 an optimum working temperature 900:929 an optimum working temperature of 25°C 900:937 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 47 contain had 866:868 arg2 percentage 983:992 the best percentage 974:992 the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) 974:1035 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 2 48 from polymerisation 247:260 arg1 electrode 305:313 a glassy carbon electrode 289:313 a glassy carbon electrode 289:313 The first layer of the biosensor was polythionine, which was formed by the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode. 24816121 9 49 theme generation 1546:1555 arg1 biosensors 1557:1566 third generation biosensors 1540:1566 third generation biosensors 1540:1566 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 9 50 theme CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH 1428:1450 arg1 material 1477:1484 a promising material 1465:1484 a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors 1465:1566 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 9 50 theme CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH 1428:1450 arg1 composite 1452:1460 the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite 1418:1460 the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite 1418:1460 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 4 51 from embedded 427:434 arg1 FAD 439:441 FAD 439:441 FAD 439:441 The MWCNTs embedded in FAD were like "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode, reduced the distance between them and were propitious to fast direct electron transfer. 24816121 8 52 theme response 1225:1232 arg1 time 1234:1237 a response time 1223:1237 a response time of less than 15 s 1223:1255 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 53 theme cm 1166:1167 arg1 sensitivity 1136:1146 a high sensitivity 1129:1146 a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3) 1129:1215 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 5 54 theme MWCNTs 646:651 arg1 conductivity 622:633 good electrical conductivity 606:633 good electrical conductivity of PTH and MWCNTs 606:651 Combining with good electrical conductivity of PTH and MWCNTs, the current response was enlarged. 24816121 2 55 theme first 160:164 arg1 polythionine 193:204 polythionine 193:204 polythionine 193:204 The first layer of the biosensor was polythionine, which was formed by the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode. 24816121 2 55 theme first 160:164 arg1 layer 166:170 The first layer 156:170 The first layer of the biosensor 156:187 The first layer of the biosensor was polythionine, which was formed by the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode. 24816121 6 56 theme reaction 731:738 arg1 PMRS 748:751 PMRS 748:751 PMRS 748:751 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 6 56 theme reaction 731:738 arg1 sensor 693:698 The sensor 689:698 The sensor 689:698 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 6 56 theme reaction 731:738 arg1 system 740:745 a parallel multi-component reaction system 704:745 a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) 704:752 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 3 57 theme chitosan-PTFE 384:396 arg1 film 398:401 the chitosan-PTFE film 380:401 the chitosan-PTFE film in sequence 380:413 The remaining layers were coated with chitosan-MWCNTs, GOx, and the chitosan-PTFE film in sequence. 24816121 7 58 theme best 978:981 arg1 percentage 983:992 the best percentage 974:992 the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) 974:1035 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 6 59 theme multi-component 715:729 arg1 PMRS 748:751 PMRS 748:751 PMRS 748:751 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 6 59 theme multi-component 715:729 arg1 sensor 693:698 The sensor 689:698 The sensor 689:698 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 6 59 theme multi-component 715:729 arg1 system 740:745 a parallel multi-component reaction system 704:745 a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) 704:752 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 1 60 theme novel 116:120 arg1 biosensor 130:138 A novel glucose biosensor 114:138 A novel glucose biosensor 114:138 A novel glucose biosensor was fabricated. 24816121 7 61 theme V 897:897 arg1 temperature 919:929 an optimum working temperature 900:929 an optimum working temperature of 25°C 900:937 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 61 theme V 897:897 arg1 voltage 880:886 a working voltage 870:886 a working voltage of -0.42 V 870:897 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 61 theme V 897:897 arg1 percentage 983:992 the best percentage 974:992 the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) 974:1035 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 61 theme V 897:897 arg1 pH 959:960 an optimum working pH 940:960 an optimum working pH of 7.0 940:967 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 8 62 theme 0.04 1279:1282 arg1 mM 1284:1285 mM 1284:1285 mM 1284:1285 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 6 63 theme parallel 706:713 arg1 PMRS 748:751 PMRS 748:751 PMRS 748:751 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 6 63 theme parallel 706:713 arg1 sensor 693:698 The sensor 689:698 The sensor 689:698 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 6 63 theme parallel 706:713 arg1 system 740:745 a parallel multi-component reaction system 704:745 a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) 704:752 The sensor was a parallel multi-component reaction system (PMRS) and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose could be obtained without a mediator. 24816121 1 64 theme glucose 122:128 arg1 biosensor 130:138 A novel glucose biosensor 114:138 A novel glucose biosensor 114:138 A novel glucose biosensor was fabricated. 24816121 4 65 theme electron 572:579 arg1 transfer 581:588 fast direct electron transfer 560:588 fast direct electron transfer 560:588 The MWCNTs embedded in FAD were like "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode, reduced the distance between them and were propitious to fast direct electron transfer. 24816121 5 66 theme current 658:664 arg1 response 666:673 the current response 654:673 the current response 654:673 Combining with good electrical conductivity of PTH and MWCNTs, the current response was enlarged. 24816121 8 67 theme 2.5 1290:1292 arg1 mM 1284:1285 mM 1284:1285 mM 1284:1285 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 9 68 theme novel 1422:1426 arg1 material 1477:1484 a promising material 1465:1484 a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors 1465:1566 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 9 68 theme novel 1422:1426 arg1 composite 1452:1460 the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite 1418:1460 the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite 1418:1460 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 9 69 theme fabricated 1315:1324 arg1 biosensor 1326:1334 the fabricated biosensor 1311:1334 the fabricated biosensor 1311:1334 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 4 70 theme direct 565:570 arg1 transfer 581:588 fast direct electron transfer 560:588 fast direct electron transfer 560:588 The MWCNTs embedded in FAD were like "conductive wires" connecting FAD with electrode, reduced the distance between them and were propitious to fast direct electron transfer. 24816121 3 71 theme remaining 320:328 arg1 layers 330:335 The remaining layers 316:335 The remaining layers 316:335 The remaining layers were coated with chitosan-MWCNTs, GOx, and the chitosan-PTFE film in sequence. 24816121 2 72 theme biosensor 179:187 arg1 polythionine 193:204 polythionine 193:204 polythionine 193:204 The first layer of the biosensor was polythionine, which was formed by the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode. 24816121 2 72 theme biosensor 179:187 arg1 layer 166:170 The first layer 156:170 The first layer of the biosensor 156:187 The first layer of the biosensor was polythionine, which was formed by the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode. 24816121 2 73 theme electrochemical 231:245 arg1 polymerisation 247:260 the electrochemical polymerisation 227:260 the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode 227:313 The first layer of the biosensor was polythionine, which was formed by the electrochemical polymerisation of the thionine monomer on a glassy carbon electrode. 24816121 7 74 theme optimum 943:949 arg1 pH 959:960 an optimum working pH 940:960 an optimum working pH of 7.0 940:967 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 8 75 theme detection 1183:1191 arg1 S/N = 3 1208:1214 S/N = 3 1208:1214 S/N = 3 1208:1214 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 75 theme detection 1183:1191 arg1 limit 1193:1197 a low detection limit 1177:1197 a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3) 1177:1215 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 7 76 theme working 872:878 arg1 voltage 880:886 a working voltage 870:886 a working voltage of -0.42 V 870:897 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 9 77 theme good 1342:1345 arg1 selectivity 1347:1357 a good selectivity 1340:1357 a good selectivity 1340:1357 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 8 78 theme s 1255:1255 arg1 range 1270:1274 a linear range 1261:1274 a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM 1261:1295 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 78 theme s 1255:1255 arg1 time 1234:1237 a response time 1223:1237 a response time of less than 15 s 1223:1255 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 7 79 theme 25°C 934:937 arg1 temperature 919:929 an optimum working temperature 900:929 an optimum working temperature of 25°C 900:937 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 79 theme 25°C 934:937 arg1 voltage 880:886 a working voltage 870:886 a working voltage of -0.42 V 870:897 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 79 theme 25°C 934:937 arg1 percentage 983:992 the best percentage 974:992 the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) 974:1035 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 7 79 theme 25°C 934:937 arg1 pH 959:960 an optimum working pH 940:960 an optimum working pH of 7.0 940:967 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 24816121 8 80 theme low 1179:1181 arg1 S/N = 3 1208:1214 S/N = 3 1208:1214 S/N = 3 1208:1214 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 8 80 theme low 1179:1181 arg1 limit 1193:1197 a low detection limit 1177:1197 a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3) 1177:1215 Under the optimised conditions, the biosensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.80 µA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 5 µM (S/N = 3), with a response time of less than 15 s and a linear range of 0.04 mM to 2.5 mM. 24816121 9 81 theme fabrication 1525:1535 arg1 immobilization 1490:1503 immobilization 1490:1503 immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors 1490:1566 Furthermore, the fabricated biosensor had a good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, indicating that the novel CTS+PTFE/GOx/MWCNTs/PTH composite is a promising material for immobilization of biomolecules and fabrication of third generation biosensors. 24816121 7 82 theme outer 1044:1048 arg1 film 1060:1063 the outer composite film 1040:1063 the outer composite film was 2% 1040:1070 The glucose sensor had a working voltage of -0.42 V, an optimum working temperature of 25°C, an optimum working pH of 7.0, and the best percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) in the outer composite film was 2%. 28282925 0 0 theme Human 91:95 arg1 Milk 97:100 Human Milk 91:100 Human Milk 91:100 Associations between Maternal Body Composition and Appetite Hormones and Macronutrients in Human Milk. 28282925 7 1 dep = 1066:1066 arg1 0.81 1068:1071 0.81 1068:1071 0.81 1068:1071 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations were not associated with %FM (0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL, p = 0.81; 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L, p = 0.48, respectively). 28282925 1 2 from satiety 168:174 arg1 infants 189:195 breastfed infants 179:195 breastfed infants 179:195 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones and macronutrients may mediate satiety in breastfed infants. 28282925 9 3 theme maternal 1272:1279 arg1 adiposity 1281:1289 maternal adiposity 1272:1289 maternal adiposity 1272:1289 These findings suggest that the level of maternal adiposity during lactation may influence the early appetite programming of breastfed infants by modulating concentrations of HM components. 28282925 9 4 theme early 1326:1330 arg1 programming 1341:1351 the early appetite programming 1322:1351 the early appetite programming of breastfed infants 1322:1372 These findings suggest that the level of maternal adiposity during lactation may influence the early appetite programming of breastfed infants by modulating concentrations of HM components. 28282925 7 5 theme % 1040:1040 arg1 FM 1041:1042 %FM 1040:1042 %FM 1040:1042 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations were not associated with %FM (0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL, p = 0.81; 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L, p = 0.48, respectively). 28282925 6 6 dep HM 882:883 arg1 = 951:951 = 951:951 = 951:951 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 6 6 dep HM 882:883 arg1 = 909:909 = 909:909 = 909:909 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 9 7 theme breastfed 1356:1364 arg1 infants 1366:1372 breastfed infants 1356:1372 breastfed infants 1356:1372 These findings suggest that the level of maternal adiposity during lactation may influence the early appetite programming of breastfed infants by modulating concentrations of HM components. 28282925 6 8 theme % 773:773 arg1 FM 774:775 Higher maternal %FM 757:775 Higher maternal %FM 757:775 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 6 9 theme skim 877:880 arg1 HM 882:883 skim HM 877:883 skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007) 877:916 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 8 10 theme milk 1122:1125 arg1 concentrations 1127:1140 Whole milk concentrations 1116:1140 Whole milk concentrations of adiponectin and leptin 1116:1166 Whole milk concentrations of adiponectin and leptin did not differ significantly over the first year of lactation. 28282925 0 11 from Associations 0:11 arg1 Milk 97:100 Human Milk 91:100 Human Milk 91:100 Associations between Maternal Body Composition and Appetite Hormones and Macronutrients in Human Milk. 28282925 8 12 theme leptin 1161:1166 arg1 concentrations 1127:1140 Whole milk concentrations 1116:1140 Whole milk concentrations of adiponectin and leptin 1116:1166 Whole milk concentrations of adiponectin and leptin did not differ significantly over the first year of lactation. 28282925 2 13 theme adiponectin 295:305 arg1 concentrations 266:279 concentrations 266:279 concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose 266:326 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 4 14 theme total 657:661 arg1 protein 663:669 total protein 657:669 total protein 657:669 Concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, total protein and lactose were measured. 28282925 6 15 dep = 909:909 arg1 ng/mL 900:904 0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL 886:904 0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL 886:904 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 2 16 theme lactation 497:505 arg1 year 489:492 the first year 479:492 the first year of lactation 479:505 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 3 17 theme = 527:527 arg1 n 525:525 n = 59 525:530 n = 59 525:530 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 3 17 theme = 527:527 arg1 women 518:522 Lactating women 508:522 Lactating women (n = 59) 508:531 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 4 18 theme leptin 636:641 arg1 Concentrations 618:631 Concentrations 618:631 Concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, total protein and lactose 618:681 Concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, total protein and lactose were measured. 28282925 6 19 from concentrations 811:824 arg1 HM 882:883 skim HM 877:883 skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007) 877:916 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 6 19 from concentrations 811:824 arg1 whole 834:838 whole 834:838 whole 834:838 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 6 20 theme leptin 804:809 arg1 concentrations 811:824 higher leptin concentrations 797:824 higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations 797:973 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 8 21 theme lactation 1220:1228 arg1 year 1212:1215 the first year 1202:1215 the first year of lactation 1202:1228 Whole milk concentrations of adiponectin and leptin did not differ significantly over the first year of lactation. 28282925 2 22 theme leptin 287:292 arg1 concentrations 266:279 concentrations 266:279 concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose 266:326 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 6 23 dep whole 834:838 arg1 concentrations 960:973 concentrations 960:973 concentrations 960:973 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 6 23 dep whole 834:838 arg1 = 864:864 = 864:864 = 864:864 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 6 24 theme higher 797:802 arg1 concentrations 811:824 higher leptin concentrations 797:824 higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations 797:973 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 2 25 theme HM 284:285 arg1 leptin 287:292 HM leptin 284:292 HM leptin 284:292 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 2 26 theme mass 396:399 arg1 index 401:405 body mass index 391:405 body mass index 391:405 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 7 27 dep = 1093:1093 arg1 p 1064:1064 p 1064:1064 p = 0.81 1064:1071 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations were not associated with %FM (0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL, p = 0.81; 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L, p = 0.48, respectively). 28282925 7 27 dep = 1093:1093 arg1 ng/mL 1057:1061 0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL 1045:1061 0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL 1045:1061 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations were not associated with %FM (0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL, p = 0.81; 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L, p = 0.48, respectively). 28282925 7 27 dep = 1093:1093 arg1 g/L 1086:1088 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L 1074:1088 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L 1074:1088 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations were not associated with %FM (0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL, p = 0.81; 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L, p = 0.48, respectively). 28282925 2 28 theme lactose 320:326 arg1 concentrations 266:279 concentrations 266:279 concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose 266:326 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 2 29 theme body 391:394 arg1 index 401:405 body mass index 391:405 body mass index 391:405 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 7 30 theme lactose 992:998 arg1 concentrations 1000:1013 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations 976:1013 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations 976:1013 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations were not associated with %FM (0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL, p = 0.81; 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L, p = 0.48, respectively). 28282925 6 31 dep = 864:864 arg1 ng/mL 855:859 0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL 841:859 0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL 841:859 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 4 32 theme adiponectin 644:654 arg1 Concentrations 618:631 Concentrations 618:631 Concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, total protein and lactose 618:681 Concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, total protein and lactose were measured. 28282925 1 33 theme breastfed 179:187 arg1 infants 189:195 breastfed infants 179:195 breastfed infants 179:195 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones and macronutrients may mediate satiety in breastfed infants. 28282925 2 34 theme % 432:432 arg1 FM 433:434 %FM 432:434 %FM 432:434 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 2 34 theme % 432:432 arg1 mass 426:429 percentage fat mass 411:429 percentage fat mass (%FM) 411:435 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 8 35 theme first 1206:1210 arg1 year 1212:1215 the first year 1202:1215 the first year of lactation 1202:1228 Whole milk concentrations of adiponectin and leptin did not differ significantly over the first year of lactation. 28282925 6 36 dep 0.16 932:935 arg1 g/L 944:946 ± 0.07 g/L 937:946 0.16 ± 0.07 g/L 932:946 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 2 37 theme protein 308:314 arg1 concentrations 266:279 concentrations 266:279 concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose 266:326 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 8 38 theme adiponectin 1145:1155 arg1 concentrations 1127:1140 Whole milk concentrations 1116:1140 Whole milk concentrations of adiponectin and leptin 1116:1166 Whole milk concentrations of adiponectin and leptin did not differ significantly over the first year of lactation. 28282925 7 39 theme ± 1079:1079 arg1 g/L 1086:1088 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L 1074:1088 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L 1074:1088 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations were not associated with %FM (0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL, p = 0.81; 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L, p = 0.48, respectively). 28282925 0 40 theme Maternal 21:28 arg1 Composition 35:45 Maternal Body Composition 21:45 Maternal Body Composition 21:45 Associations between Maternal Body Composition and Appetite Hormones and Macronutrients in Human Milk. 28282925 3 41 theme Lactating 508:516 arg1 n 525:525 n = 59 525:530 n = 59 525:530 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 3 41 theme Lactating 508:516 arg1 women 518:522 Lactating women 508:522 Lactating women (n = 59) 508:531 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 1 42 theme milk 109:112 arg1 hormones 128:135 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones 103:135 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones 103:135 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones and macronutrients may mediate satiety in breastfed infants. 28282925 9 43 theme adiposity 1281:1289 arg1 level 1263:1267 the level 1259:1267 the level of maternal adiposity during lactation 1259:1306 These findings suggest that the level of maternal adiposity during lactation may influence the early appetite programming of breastfed infants by modulating concentrations of HM components. 28282925 2 44 theme fat 422:424 arg1 FM 433:434 %FM 432:434 %FM 432:434 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 2 44 theme fat 422:424 arg1 mass 426:429 percentage fat mass 411:429 percentage fat mass (%FM) 411:435 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 2 45 theme population 456:465 arg1 change 467:472 a breastfeeding population change 440:472 a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation 440:505 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 9 46 theme appetite 1332:1339 arg1 programming 1341:1351 the early appetite programming 1322:1351 the early appetite programming of breastfed infants 1322:1372 These findings suggest that the level of maternal adiposity during lactation may influence the early appetite programming of breastfed infants by modulating concentrations of HM components. 28282925 3 47 theme 5th 577:579 arg1 month 598:602 the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month 568:602 the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation 568:615 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 2 48 theme maternal 243:250 arg1 adiposity 252:260 maternal adiposity 243:260 maternal adiposity 243:260 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 2 49 theme percentage 411:420 arg1 FM 433:434 %FM 432:434 %FM 432:434 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 2 49 theme percentage 411:420 arg1 mass 426:429 percentage fat mass 411:429 percentage fat mass (%FM) 411:435 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 2 50 theme breastfeeding 442:454 arg1 change 467:472 a breastfeeding population change 440:472 a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation 440:505 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 5 51 theme Maternal 698:705 arg1 FM 708:709 Maternal %FM 698:709 Maternal %FM 698:709 Maternal %FM was measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy. 28282925 0 52 theme Body 30:33 arg1 Composition 35:45 Maternal Body Composition 21:45 Maternal Body Composition 21:45 Associations between Maternal Body Composition and Appetite Hormones and Macronutrients in Human Milk. 28282925 4 53 theme protein 663:669 arg1 Concentrations 618:631 Concentrations 618:631 Concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, total protein and lactose 618:681 Concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, total protein and lactose were measured. 28282925 5 54 theme % 707:707 arg1 FM 708:709 Maternal %FM 698:709 Maternal %FM 698:709 Maternal %FM was measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy. 28282925 8 55 theme Whole 1116:1120 arg1 concentrations 1127:1140 Whole milk concentrations 1116:1140 Whole milk concentrations of adiponectin and leptin 1116:1166 Whole milk concentrations of adiponectin and leptin did not differ significantly over the first year of lactation. 28282925 3 56 theme 2nd 572:574 arg1 month 598:602 the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month 568:602 the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation 568:615 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 3 57 theme milk 542:545 arg1 n 556:556 n = 283 556:562 n = 283 556:562 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 3 57 theme milk 542:545 arg1 samples 547:553 milk samples 542:553 milk samples (n = 283) 542:563 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 7 58 theme = 1066:1066 arg1 p 1064:1064 p 1064:1064 p = 0.81 1064:1071 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations were not associated with %FM (0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL, p = 0.81; 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L, p = 0.48, respectively). 28282925 0 59 theme Appetite 51:58 arg1 Hormones 60:67 Hormones 60:67 Hormones 60:67 Associations between Maternal Body Composition and Appetite Hormones and Macronutrients in Human Milk. 28282925 6 60 theme ± 847:847 arg1 ng/mL 855:859 0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL 841:859 0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL 841:859 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 6 61 theme maternal 764:771 arg1 FM 774:775 Higher maternal %FM 757:775 Higher maternal %FM 757:775 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 6 62 theme Higher 757:762 arg1 FM 774:775 Higher maternal %FM 757:775 Higher maternal %FM 757:775 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 9 63 theme components 1409:1418 arg1 concentrations 1388:1401 concentrations 1388:1401 concentrations of HM components 1388:1418 These findings suggest that the level of maternal adiposity during lactation may influence the early appetite programming of breastfed infants by modulating concentrations of HM components. 28282925 6 64 theme 0.006 841:845 arg1 ± 847:847 ± 847:847 ± 847:847 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 9 65 theme infants 1366:1372 arg1 programming 1341:1351 the early appetite programming 1322:1351 the early appetite programming of breastfed infants 1322:1372 These findings suggest that the level of maternal adiposity during lactation may influence the early appetite programming of breastfed infants by modulating concentrations of HM components. 28282925 3 66 theme 12th 593:596 arg1 month 598:602 the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month 568:602 the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation 568:615 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 9 67 theme HM 1406:1407 arg1 components 1409:1418 HM components 1406:1418 HM components 1406:1418 These findings suggest that the level of maternal adiposity during lactation may influence the early appetite programming of breastfed infants by modulating concentrations of HM components. 28282925 1 68 theme Human 103:107 arg1 HM 115:116 HM 115:116 HM 115:116 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones and macronutrients may mediate satiety in breastfed infants. 28282925 1 68 theme Human 103:107 arg1 milk 109:112 Human milk 103:112 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones 103:135 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones and macronutrients may mediate satiety in breastfed infants. 28282925 4 69 theme lactose 675:681 arg1 Concentrations 618:631 Concentrations 618:631 Concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, total protein and lactose 618:681 Concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, total protein and lactose were measured. 28282925 1 70 theme appetite 119:126 arg1 hormones 128:135 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones 103:135 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones 103:135 Human milk (HM) appetite hormones and macronutrients may mediate satiety in breastfed infants. 28282925 6 71 theme ± 892:892 arg1 ng/mL 900:904 0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL 886:904 0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL 886:904 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 2 72 theme first 483:487 arg1 year 489:492 the first year 479:492 the first year of lactation 479:505 This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity and concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein and lactose, and whether these concentrations and the relationship between body mass index and percentage fat mass (%FM) in a breastfeeding population change over the first year of lactation. 28282925 3 73 theme 9th 582:584 arg1 month 598:602 the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month 568:602 the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation 568:615 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 3 74 theme = 558:558 arg1 n 556:556 n = 283 556:562 n = 283 556:562 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 3 74 theme = 558:558 arg1 samples 547:553 milk samples 542:553 milk samples (n = 283) 542:563 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 6 75 dep = 951:951 arg1 0.16 932:935 0.16 932:935 0.16 ± 0.07 g/L 932:946 Higher maternal %FM was associated with higher leptin concentrations in both whole (0.006 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and skim HM (0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL, p = 0.007), and protein (0.16 ± 0.07 g/L, p = 0.028) concentrations. 28282925 3 76 theme lactation 607:615 arg1 month 598:602 the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month 568:602 the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation 568:615 Lactating women (n = 59) provided milk samples (n = 283) at the 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month of lactation. 28282925 5 77 theme bioimpedance 730:741 arg1 spectroscopy 743:754 bioimpedance spectroscopy 730:754 bioimpedance spectroscopy 730:754 Maternal %FM was measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy. 28282925 7 78 theme Adiponectin 976:986 arg1 concentrations 1000:1013 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations 976:1013 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations 976:1013 Adiponectin and lactose concentrations were not associated with %FM (0.01 ± 0.06 ng/mL, p = 0.81; 0.08 ± 0.11 g/L, p = 0.48, respectively). 24708990 0 0 theme hydrogel 93:100 arg1 films 102:106 sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films 35:106 sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films 35:106 Preparation and characteristics of sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films. 24708990 8 1 theme salicylic 937:945 arg1 release 952:958 The salicylic acid release 933:958 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film 933:1005 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film followed Fickian diffusion. 24708990 4 2 theme optimal 495:501 arg1 Na 503:504 the optimal Na 491:504 the optimal Na 491:504 Results revealed that the optimal Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM were 2wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.38wt% and 4, respectively. 24708990 0 3 theme acid/acrylamide 77:91 arg1 films 102:106 sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films 35:106 sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films 35:106 Preparation and characteristics of sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films. 24708990 8 4 theme Fickian 1016:1022 arg1 diffusion 1024:1032 Fickian diffusion 1016:1032 Fickian diffusion 1016:1032 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film followed Fickian diffusion. 24708990 2 5 theme ratio 303:307 arg1 effect 253:258 The effect 249:258 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids 249:378 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 6 6 theme copolymerization 718:733 arg1 mechanism 699:707 The mechanism 695:707 The mechanism of graft copolymerization 695:733 The mechanism of graft copolymerization was discussed. 24708990 7 7 theme salicylic 790:798 arg1 acid 800:803 salicylic acid 790:803 salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film 790:851 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 2 8 theme REC 268:270 arg1 effect 253:258 The effect 249:258 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids 249:378 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 0 9 theme films 102:106 arg1 characteristics 16:30 characteristics 16:30 characteristics 16:30 Preparation and characteristics of sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films. 24708990 0 9 theme films 102:106 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characteristics of sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films. 24708990 6 10 theme graft 712:716 arg1 copolymerization 718:733 graft copolymerization 712:733 graft copolymerization 712:733 The mechanism of graft copolymerization was discussed. 24708990 7 11 theme SA 924:925 arg1 film 927:930 SA film 924:930 SA film 924:930 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 7 12 theme continuous 768:777 arg1 release 779:785 A slower and more continuous release 750:785 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film 750:851 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 2 13 theme NMBA 282:285 arg1 content 287:293 NMBA content 282:293 NMBA content 282:293 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 8 14 dep release 952:958 arg1 mechanism 960:968 mechanism 960:968 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film 933:1005 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film followed Fickian diffusion. 24708990 4 15 theme Na 503:504 arg1 REC 508:510 the optimal Na(+)REC 491:510 the optimal Na(+)REC 491:510 Results revealed that the optimal Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM were 2wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.38wt% and 4, respectively. 24708990 2 16 theme graft 324:328 arg1 ratio 330:334 graft ratio 324:334 graft ratio 324:334 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 8 17 theme acid 947:950 arg1 release 952:958 The salicylic acid release 933:958 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film 933:1005 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film followed Fickian diffusion. 24708990 7 18 dep in 863:864 arg1 vitro 866:870 vitro 866:870 vitro 866:870 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 2 19 theme liquids 372:378 arg1 absorption 358:367 absorption 358:367 absorption 358:367 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 2 19 theme liquids 372:378 arg1 ratio 330:334 graft ratio 324:334 graft ratio 324:334 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 2 19 theme liquids 372:378 arg1 efficiency 343:352 graft efficiency 337:352 graft efficiency 337:352 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 4 20 theme 0.8wt 572:576 arg1 % 577:577 0.8wt% 572:577 0.8wt% 572:577 Results revealed that the optimal Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM were 2wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.38wt% and 4, respectively. 24708990 2 21 from effect 253:258 arg1 absorption 358:367 absorption 358:367 absorption 358:367 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 2 21 from effect 253:258 arg1 ratio 330:334 graft ratio 324:334 graft ratio 324:334 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 2 21 from effect 253:258 arg1 efficiency 343:352 graft efficiency 337:352 graft efficiency 337:352 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 5 22 theme intercalative 651:663 arg1 structure 665:673 an intercalative structure 648:673 an intercalative structure 648:673 The hydrogel film was found to exhibit an intercalative structure and coarse surface. 24708990 8 23 theme SA/Na 973:977 arg1 film 1002:1005 SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film 973:1005 SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film 973:1005 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film followed Fickian diffusion. 24708990 7 24 theme drug-controlled 872:886 arg1 studies 896:902 in vitro drug-controlled release studies 863:902 in vitro drug-controlled release studies 863:902 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 7 25 theme slower 752:757 arg1 release 779:785 A slower and more continuous release 750:785 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film 750:851 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 2 26 theme KPS 273:275 arg1 effect 253:258 The effect 249:258 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids 249:378 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 1 27 theme hydrogel 193:200 arg1 film 202:205 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film 109:205 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film 109:205 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film was prepared via solution polymerization. 24708990 7 28 with comparison 908:917 arg1 film 927:930 SA film 924:930 SA film 924:930 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 7 29 theme release 888:894 arg1 studies 896:902 in vitro drug-controlled release studies 863:902 in vitro drug-controlled release studies 863:902 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 1 30 theme alginate/Na 116:126 arg1 film 202:205 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film 109:205 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film 109:205 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film was prepared via solution polymerization. 24708990 4 31 theme IA 552:553 arg1 KPS 513:515 KPS 513:515 KPS 513:515 Results revealed that the optimal Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM were 2wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.38wt% and 4, respectively. 24708990 4 31 theme IA 552:553 arg1 REC 508:510 the optimal Na(+)REC 491:510 the optimal Na(+)REC 491:510 Results revealed that the optimal Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM were 2wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.38wt% and 4, respectively. 24708990 4 31 theme IA 552:553 arg1 content 527:533 NMBA content 522:533 NMBA content 522:533 Results revealed that the optimal Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM were 2wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.38wt% and 4, respectively. 24708990 4 31 theme IA 552:553 arg1 ratio 543:547 the ratio 539:547 the ratio of IA to AM 539:559 Results revealed that the optimal Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM were 2wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.38wt% and 4, respectively. 24708990 0 32 theme alginate/Na 42:52 arg1 films 102:106 sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films 35:106 sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films 35:106 Preparation and characteristics of sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films. 24708990 7 33 theme in 863:864 arg1 studies 896:902 in vitro drug-controlled release studies 863:902 in vitro drug-controlled release studies 863:902 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 4 34 theme NMBA 522:525 arg1 content 527:533 NMBA content 522:533 NMBA content 522:533 Results revealed that the optimal Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM were 2wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.38wt% and 4, respectively. 24708990 2 35 theme graft 337:341 arg1 efficiency 343:352 graft efficiency 337:352 graft efficiency 337:352 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 0 36 theme sodium 35:40 arg1 alginate/Na 42:52 sodium alginate/Na 35:52 sodium alginate/Na 35:52 Preparation and characteristics of sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films. 24708990 8 37 theme film 1002:1005 arg1 release 952:958 The salicylic acid release 933:958 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film 933:1005 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film followed Fickian diffusion. 24708990 8 38 theme hydrogel 993:1000 arg1 film 1002:1005 SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film 973:1005 SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film 973:1005 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film followed Fickian diffusion. 24708990 7 39 theme REC-g-IA/AM 817:827 arg1 film 848:851 REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film 817:851 REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film 817:851 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 4 40 theme 0.38wt 580:585 arg1 % 586:586 0.38wt% 580:586 0.38wt% 580:586 Results revealed that the optimal Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM were 2wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.38wt% and 4, respectively. 24708990 5 41 theme hydrogel 613:620 arg1 film 622:625 The hydrogel film 609:625 The hydrogel film 609:625 The hydrogel film was found to exhibit an intercalative structure and coarse surface. 24708990 7 42 theme composite 829:837 arg1 film 848:851 REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film 817:851 REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film 817:851 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 4 43 theme 2wt 566:568 arg1 % 569:569 2wt% 566:569 2wt% 566:569 Results revealed that the optimal Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM were 2wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.38wt% and 4, respectively. 24708990 2 44 theme IA 312:313 arg1 KPS 273:275 KPS 273:275 KPS 273:275 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 2 44 theme IA 312:313 arg1 REC 268:270 Na(+)REC 263:270 Na(+)REC 263:270 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 2 44 theme IA 312:313 arg1 content 287:293 NMBA content 282:293 NMBA content 282:293 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 2 44 theme IA 312:313 arg1 ratio 303:307 the ratio 299:307 the ratio of IA to AM 299:319 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 7 45 theme hydrogel 839:846 arg1 film 848:851 REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film 817:851 REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film 817:851 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 2 46 theme Na 263:264 arg1 REC 268:270 Na(+)REC 263:270 Na(+)REC 263:270 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 2 47 theme content 287:293 arg1 effect 253:258 The effect 249:258 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids 249:378 The effect of Na(+)REC, KPS, and NMBA content and the ratio of IA to AM on graft ratio, graft efficiency and absorption of liquids were investigated. 24708990 1 48 theme Sodium 109:114 arg1 alginate/Na 116:126 Sodium alginate/Na 109:126 Sodium alginate/Na 109:126 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film was prepared via solution polymerization. 24708990 1 49 theme rectorite-graft-itaconic 130:153 arg1 acid/acrylamide 155:169 rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide 130:169 rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide 130:169 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film was prepared via solution polymerization. 24708990 1 50 theme solution 224:231 arg1 polymerization 233:246 solution polymerization 224:246 solution polymerization 224:246 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film was prepared via solution polymerization. 24708990 0 51 theme rectorite-g-itaconic 56:75 arg1 films 102:106 sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films 35:106 sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films 35:106 Preparation and characteristics of sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide hydrogel films. 24708990 1 52 theme acid/acrylamide 155:169 arg1 film 202:205 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film 109:205 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film 109:205 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film was prepared via solution polymerization. 24708990 5 53 theme coarse 679:684 arg1 surface 686:692 coarse surface 679:692 coarse surface 679:692 The hydrogel film was found to exhibit an intercalative structure and coarse surface. 24708990 8 54 theme REC-g-IA/AM 981:991 arg1 film 1002:1005 SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film 973:1005 SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film 973:1005 The salicylic acid release mechanism of SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM hydrogel film followed Fickian diffusion. 24708990 7 55 theme acid 800:803 arg1 release 779:785 A slower and more continuous release 750:785 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film 750:851 A slower and more continuous release of salicylic acid for SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM composite hydrogel film was shown in vitro drug-controlled release studies, in comparison with SA film. 24708990 1 56 dep alginate/Na 116:126 arg1 REC-g-IA/AM 180:190 REC-g-IA/AM 180:190 REC-g-IA/AM 180:190 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film was prepared via solution polymerization. 24708990 1 56 dep alginate/Na 116:126 arg1 SA/Na 172:176 SA/Na 172:176 SA/Na 172:176 Sodium alginate/Na(+)rectorite-graft-itaconic acid/acrylamide (SA/Na(+)REC-g-IA/AM) hydrogel film was prepared via solution polymerization. 26123782 0 0 theme gold-fleshed 80:91 arg1 kiwifruit 93:101 gold-fleshed kiwifruit 80:101 gold-fleshed kiwifruit 80:101 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 26123782 4 1 theme kiwifruit 739:747 arg1 supplementation 749:763 kiwifruit supplementation 739:763 kiwifruit supplementation 739:763 Results indicated a substantial shift in the composition of bacteria within the gut models caused by kiwifruit supplementation. 26123782 8 2 theme simulated 1023:1031 arg1 digestion 1050:1058 simulated gastrointestinal digestion 1023:1058 simulated gastrointestinal digestion 1023:1058 Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. 26123782 3 3 theme metabolic 529:537 arg1 products 543:550 metabolic end products 529:550 metabolic end products 529:550 Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. 26123782 9 4 theme fermentable 1119:1129 arg1 carbohydrates 1131:1143 The fermentable carbohydrates 1115:1143 The fermentable carbohydrates 1115:1143 The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. 26123782 9 5 with acids 1182:1186 arg1 predilection 1206:1217 a particular predilection 1193:1217 a particular predilection 1193:1217 The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. 26123782 3 6 theme end 539:541 arg1 products 543:550 metabolic end products 529:550 metabolic end products 529:550 Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. 26123782 1 7 theme human 258:262 arg1 microbiota 272:281 the human colonic microbiota 254:281 the human colonic microbiota 254:281 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. 26123782 11 8 theme kiwifruit 1364:1372 arg1 fractions 1389:1397 Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions 1356:1397 Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions 1356:1397 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 3 9 theme gas 572:574 arg1 chromatography 576:589 gas chromatography 572:589 gas chromatography 572:589 Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. 26123782 3 10 theme liquid 595:600 arg1 chromatography 602:615 liquid chromatography 595:615 liquid chromatography 595:615 Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. 26123782 1 11 theme colonic 264:270 arg1 microbiota 272:281 the human colonic microbiota 254:281 the human colonic microbiota 254:281 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. 26123782 0 12 theme kiwifruit 93:101 arg1 profile 46:52 fermentation profile 33:52 fermentation profile 33:52 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 26123782 0 12 theme kiwifruit 93:101 arg1 capacity 68:75 prebiotic capacity 58:75 prebiotic capacity 58:75 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 26123782 8 13 theme fermentation 1101:1112 arg1 h 1096:1096 the first 10 h 1083:1096 the first 10 h of fermentation 1083:1112 Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. 26123782 9 14 theme Bacteroides 1277:1287 arg1 spp 1289:1291 Bacteroides spp 1277:1291 Bacteroides spp 1277:1291 The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. 26123782 2 15 theme Zesy002 293:299 arg1 kiwifruit 301:309 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit 284:309 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit 284:309 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. 26123782 11 16 theme colonic 1551:1557 arg1 microbiota 1559:1568 colonic microbiota 1551:1568 colonic microbiota 1551:1568 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 1 17 theme microbiota 272:281 arg1 composition 239:249 the composition 235:249 the composition of the human colonic microbiota 235:281 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. 26123782 2 18 theme batch 357:361 arg1 fermenters 363:372 in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters 324:372 in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota 324:437 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. 26123782 2 19 theme Digested 284:291 arg1 kiwifruit 301:309 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit 284:309 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit 284:309 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. 26123782 4 20 theme gut 718:720 arg1 models 722:727 the gut models 714:727 the gut models caused by kiwifruit supplementation 714:763 Results indicated a substantial shift in the composition of bacteria within the gut models caused by kiwifruit supplementation. 26123782 2 21 theme faecal 421:426 arg1 microbiota 428:437 representative human faecal microbiota 400:437 representative human faecal microbiota 400:437 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. 26123782 11 22 theme unknown 1522:1528 arg1 effect 1530:1535 a hitherto unknown effect 1511:1535 a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota 1511:1568 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 5 23 contain had 798:800 arg1 microbiota 787:796 Zesy002 supplemented microbiota 766:796 Zesy002 supplemented microbiota 766:796 Zesy002 supplemented microbiota had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp. 26123782 5 23 contain had 798:800 arg2 abundance 825:833 a significantly higher abundance 802:833 a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp 802:874 Zesy002 supplemented microbiota had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp. 26123782 5 24 theme spp. 850:853 arg1 abundance 825:833 a significantly higher abundance 802:833 a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp 802:874 Zesy002 supplemented microbiota had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp. 26123782 11 25 theme Zesy002 1356:1362 arg1 fractions 1389:1397 Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions 1356:1397 Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions 1356:1397 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 9 26 theme beneficial 1163:1172 arg1 acids 1182:1186 beneficial organic acids 1163:1186 beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp 1163:1291 The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. 26123782 2 27 theme human 415:419 arg1 microbiota 428:437 representative human faecal microbiota 400:437 representative human faecal microbiota 400:437 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. 26123782 11 28 theme colonic 1442:1448 arg1 community 1460:1468 the human colonic microbial community 1432:1468 the human colonic microbial community 1432:1468 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 8 29 from h 1096:1096 arg1 detectable 1069:1078 detectable 1069:1078 detectable 1069:1078 Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. 26123782 4 30 theme bacteria 698:705 arg1 composition 683:693 the composition 679:693 the composition of bacteria 679:705 Results indicated a substantial shift in the composition of bacteria within the gut models caused by kiwifruit supplementation. 26123782 2 31 theme in 324:325 arg1 fermenters 363:372 in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters 324:372 in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota 324:437 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. 26123782 7 32 theme fermentation 916:927 arg1 h 911:911 48 h 908:911 48 h of fermentation 908:927 after 48 h of fermentation compared with the start of the fermentation. 26123782 2 33 theme representative 400:413 arg1 microbiota 428:437 representative human faecal microbiota 400:437 representative human faecal microbiota 400:437 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. 26123782 0 34 theme In 0:1 arg1 characterisation 9:24 In vitro characterisation 0:24 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 0:102 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 26123782 11 35 theme in 1576:1577 arg1 conditions 1585:1594 in vitro conditions 1576:1594 in vitro conditions 1576:1594 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 11 36 theme favourable 1410:1419 arg1 changes 1421:1427 favourable changes 1410:1427 favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community 1410:1468 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 11 37 theme microbial 1450:1458 arg1 community 1460:1468 the human colonic microbial community 1432:1468 the human colonic microbial community 1432:1468 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 9 38 theme particular 1195:1204 arg1 predilection 1206:1217 a particular predilection 1193:1217 a particular predilection 1193:1217 The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. 26123782 3 39 theme gut 459:461 arg1 ecology 473:479 the gut microbial ecology 455:479 the gut microbial ecology 455:479 Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. 26123782 8 40 theme first 1087:1091 arg1 h 1096:1096 the first 10 h 1083:1096 the first 10 h of fermentation 1083:1112 Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. 26123782 2 41 dep in 324:325 arg1 vitro 327:331 vitro 327:331 vitro 327:331 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. 26123782 11 42 theme human 1436:1440 arg1 community 1460:1468 the human colonic microbial community 1432:1468 the human colonic microbial community 1432:1468 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 9 43 theme organic 1174:1180 arg1 acids 1182:1186 beneficial organic acids 1163:1186 beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp 1163:1291 The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. 26123782 1 44 theme new 106:108 arg1 Zesy002 163:169 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. 26123782 11 45 theme non-digestible 1374:1387 arg1 fractions 1389:1397 Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions 1356:1397 Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions 1356:1397 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 3 46 theme 16S 500:502 arg1 sequencing 514:523 16S rRNA gene sequencing 500:523 16S rRNA gene sequencing 500:523 Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. 26123782 0 47 theme fermentation 33:44 arg1 profile 46:52 fermentation profile 33:52 fermentation profile 33:52 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 26123782 2 48 theme anaerobic 347:355 arg1 fermenters 363:372 in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters 324:372 in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota 324:437 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. 26123782 5 49 theme higher 818:823 arg1 abundance 825:833 a significantly higher abundance 802:833 a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp 802:874 Zesy002 supplemented microbiota had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp. 26123782 8 50 theme Organic 974:980 arg1 acids 982:986 Organic acids 974:986 Organic acids from kiwifruit 974:1001 Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. 26123782 3 51 theme microbial 463:471 arg1 ecology 473:479 the gut microbial ecology 455:479 the gut microbial ecology 455:479 Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. 26123782 5 52 theme supplemented 774:785 arg1 microbiota 787:796 Zesy002 supplemented microbiota 766:796 Zesy002 supplemented microbiota 766:796 Zesy002 supplemented microbiota had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp. 26123782 4 53 from shift 670:674 arg1 composition 683:693 the composition 679:693 the composition of bacteria 679:705 Results indicated a substantial shift in the composition of bacteria within the gut models caused by kiwifruit supplementation. 26123782 0 54 dep profile 46:52 arg1 the 29:31 the 29:31 the 29:31 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 26123782 8 55 from kiwifruit 993:1001 arg1 acids 982:986 Organic acids 974:986 Organic acids from kiwifruit 974:1001 Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. 26123782 11 56 theme primary 1474:1480 arg1 metabolites 1482:1492 primary metabolites 1474:1492 primary metabolites 1474:1492 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 3 57 theme mass 619:622 arg1 spectrometry 624:635 mass spectrometry 619:635 mass spectrometry 619:635 Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. 26123782 1 58 theme Actinidia 110:118 arg1 Zesy002 163:169 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. 26123782 0 59 theme profile 46:52 arg1 characterisation 9:24 In vitro characterisation 0:24 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 0:102 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 26123782 11 60 theme Zesy002 1540:1546 arg1 effect 1530:1535 a hitherto unknown effect 1511:1535 a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota 1511:1568 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 3 61 theme rRNA 504:507 arg1 sequencing 514:523 16S rRNA gene sequencing 500:523 16S rRNA gene sequencing 500:523 Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. 26123782 9 62 theme propionate 1223:1232 arg1 production 1234:1243 propionate production 1223:1243 propionate production 1223:1243 The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. 26123782 1 63 theme chinensis 120:128 arg1 Zesy002 163:169 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. 26123782 8 64 from detectable 1069:1078 arg1 h 1096:1096 the first 10 h 1083:1096 the first 10 h of fermentation 1083:1112 Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. 26123782 1 65 theme gold-fleshed 130:141 arg1 Zesy002 163:169 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. 26123782 1 66 theme kiwifruit 143:151 arg1 Zesy002 163:169 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. 26123782 7 67 theme fermentation 960:971 arg1 start 947:951 the start 943:951 the start of the fermentation 943:971 after 48 h of fermentation compared with the start of the fermentation. 26123782 2 68 theme pH-controlled 333:345 arg1 fermenters 363:372 in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters 324:372 in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota 324:437 Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. 26123782 0 69 theme capacity 68:75 arg1 characterisation 9:24 In vitro characterisation 0:24 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 0:102 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 26123782 11 70 dep in 1576:1577 arg1 vitro 1579:1583 vitro 1579:1583 vitro 1579:1583 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 1 71 theme cultivar 153:160 arg1 Zesy002 163:169 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' 104:170 A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. 26123782 3 72 theme gene 509:512 arg1 sequencing 514:523 16S rRNA gene sequencing 500:523 16S rRNA gene sequencing 500:523 Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. 26123782 0 73 theme prebiotic 58:66 arg1 capacity 68:75 prebiotic capacity 58:75 prebiotic capacity 58:75 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 26123782 9 74 from rise 1269:1272 arg1 spp 1289:1291 Bacteroides spp 1277:1291 Bacteroides spp 1277:1291 The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. 26123782 0 75 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. 26123782 8 76 theme gastrointestinal 1033:1048 arg1 digestion 1050:1058 simulated gastrointestinal digestion 1023:1058 simulated gastrointestinal digestion 1023:1058 Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. 26123782 11 77 from effect 1530:1535 arg1 microbiota 1559:1568 colonic microbiota 1551:1568 colonic microbiota 1551:1568 These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions. 26123782 4 78 theme substantial 658:668 arg1 shift 670:674 a substantial shift 656:674 a substantial shift in the composition of bacteria 656:705 Results indicated a substantial shift in the composition of bacteria within the gut models caused by kiwifruit supplementation. 26873462 3 0 theme NaCl 267:270 arg1 ranges 272:277 the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges 243:277 ranges 272:277 Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated cocci, growing in the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges of 10-33 °C, pH 5.0-9.0 and 0-2 % (w/v). 26873462 5 1 theme strain 651:656 arg1 7515T-26T 658:666 strain 7515T-26T 651:666 strain 7515T-26T 651:666 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 3 2 theme aerobic 179:185 arg1 cocci 225:229 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated cocci 179:229 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated cocci 179:229 Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated cocci, growing in the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges of 10-33 °C, pH 5.0-9.0 and 0-2 % (w/v). 26873462 5 3 from genera 754:759 arg1 separable 733:741 separable 733:741 separable 733:741 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 10 4 theme novel 1270:1274 arg1 species 1276:1282 a novel species 1268:1282 a novel species 1268:1282 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 4 5 theme lucida 432:437 arg1 FA2T 439:442 Friedmanniella lucida FA2T 417:442 Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) 417:451 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 5 theme lucida 432:437 arg1 % 450:450 96.9 % 445:450 96.9 % 445:450 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 6 theme Friedmanniella 571:584 arg1 members 550:556 members 550:556 members of the genus Friedmanniella 550:584 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 6 7 theme fatty 856:860 arg1 acids 862:866 the major cellular fatty acids 837:866 the major cellular fatty acids 837:866 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 5 8 theme 16S 615:617 arg1 sequences 629:637 16S rRNA gene sequences 615:637 16S rRNA gene sequences 615:637 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 4 9 theme Friedmanniella 417:430 arg1 FA2T 439:442 Friedmanniella lucida FA2T 417:442 Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) 417:451 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 9 theme Friedmanniella 417:430 arg1 % 450:450 96.9 % 445:450 96.9 % 445:450 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 7 10 theme G+C 1068:1070 arg1 content 1072:1078 the DNA G+C content 1060:1078 the DNA G+C content 1060:1078 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. 26873462 7 10 theme G+C 1068:1070 arg1 % 1092:1092 73.1 mol% 1084:1092 73.1 mol% 1084:1092 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. 26873462 6 11 theme cellular 847:854 arg1 acids 862:866 the major cellular fatty acids 837:866 the major cellular fatty acids 837:866 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 5 12 theme rRNA 619:622 arg1 sequences 629:637 16S rRNA gene sequences 615:637 16S rRNA gene sequences 615:637 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 4 13 theme high 330:333 arg1 similarity 358:367 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 330:367 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %) 330:492 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 6 14 theme major 841:845 arg1 acids 862:866 the major cellular fatty acids 837:866 the major cellular fatty acids 837:866 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 5 15 theme gene 624:627 arg1 sequences 629:637 16S rRNA gene sequences 615:637 16S rRNA gene sequences 615:637 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 10 16 theme aerolata 1300:1307 arg1 sp 1309:1310 Friedmanniella aerolata sp 1285:1310 Friedmanniella aerolata sp 1285:1310 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 6 17 contain contained 774:782 arg2 MK-9 873:876 MK-9 873:876 MK-9 873:876 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 17 contain contained 774:782 arg2 3-OH 813:816 iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 801:832 3-OH 813:816 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 17 contain contained 774:782 arg2 anteiso-C15  784:795 anteiso-C15  784:795 anteiso-C15  784:795 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 17 contain contained 774:782 arg1 isolate 766:772 The isolate 762:772 The isolate 762:772 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 17 contain contained 774:782 arg2 quinone 912:918 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 885:918 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 885:918 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 17 contain contained 774:782 arg2  0 797:798  0 797:798  0 797:798 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 17 contain contained 774:782 arg2 H4 878:879 H4 878:879 H4 878:879 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 8 18 theme peptidoglycan 1099:1111 arg1 A3γ 1122:1124 A3γ 1122:1124 A3γ 1122:1124 The peptidoglycan type was A3γ. 26873462 8 18 theme peptidoglycan 1099:1111 arg1 type 1113:1116 The peptidoglycan type 1095:1116 The peptidoglycan type 1095:1116 The peptidoglycan type was A3γ. 26873462 5 19 theme other 748:752 arg1 genera 754:759 other genera 748:759 other genera 748:759 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 2 20 theme air 111:113 arg1 sample 115:120 an air sample 108:120 an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea 108:165 A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. 26873462 10 21 theme Friedmanniella 1285:1298 arg1 sp 1309:1310 Friedmanniella aerolata sp 1285:1310 Friedmanniella aerolata sp 1285:1310 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 10 22 theme polyphasic 1250:1259 arg1 study 1261:1265 this polyphasic study 1245:1265 this polyphasic study 1245:1265 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 5 23 theme Friedmanniella 693:706 arg1 members 672:678 members 672:678 members of the genus Friedmanniella 672:706 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 5 23 theme Friedmanniella 693:706 arg1 7515T-26T 658:666 strain 7515T-26T 651:666 strain 7515T-26T 651:666 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 4 24 theme % 543:543 arg1 similarities 517:528 high sequence similarities 503:528 high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella 503:584 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 0 25 theme aerolata 15:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Friedmanniella aerolata sp 0:25 Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 0:26 Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 7 26 theme Polar 921:925 arg1 lipids 927:932 Polar lipids 921:932 Polar lipids 921:932 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. 26873462 7 27 theme unknown 1041:1047 arg1 lipid 1049:1053 one unknown lipid 1037:1053 one unknown lipid 1037:1053 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. 26873462 6 28 theme isoprenoid 901:910 arg1 anteiso-C15  784:795 anteiso-C15  784:795 anteiso-C15  784:795 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 28 theme isoprenoid 901:910 arg1 MK-9 873:876 MK-9 873:876 MK-9 873:876 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 28 theme isoprenoid 901:910 arg1 quinone 912:918 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 885:918 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 885:918 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 28 theme isoprenoid 901:910 arg1 3-OH 813:816 iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 801:832 3-OH 813:816 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 28 theme isoprenoid 901:910 arg1  0 797:798  0 797:798  0 797:798 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 0 29 theme Friedmanniella 0:13 arg1 sp 24:25 Friedmanniella aerolata sp 0:25 Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 0:26 Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 2 30 theme novel 55:59 arg1 strain 72:77 strain 7515T-26T 72:87 strain 7515T-26T 72:87 A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. 26873462 2 30 theme novel 55:59 arg1 bacterium 61:69 A novel bacterium 53:69 A novel bacterium 53:69 A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. 26873462 4 31 with similarity 358:367 arg1 % 491:491 96.9 % 486:491 96.9 % 486:491 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 31 with similarity 358:367 arg1 EL-17AT 399:405 Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT 374:405 Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %) 374:414 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 31 with similarity 358:367 arg1 FA2T 439:442 Friedmanniella lucida FA2T 417:442 Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) 417:451 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 31 with similarity 358:367 arg1 % 413:413 97.6 % 408:413 97.6 % 408:413 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 31 with similarity 358:367 arg1 FA1T 480:483 FA1T 480:483 FA1T 480:483 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 31 with similarity 358:367 arg1 % 450:450 96.9 % 445:450 96.9 % 445:450 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 3 32 dep aerobic 179:185 arg1 non-flagellated 209:223 non-flagellated 209:223 non-flagellated 209:223 Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated cocci, growing in the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges of 10-33 °C, pH 5.0-9.0 and 0-2 % (w/v). 26873462 3 32 dep aerobic 179:185 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 188:206 Gram-stain-positive 188:206 Gram-stain-positive 188:206 Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated cocci, growing in the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges of 10-33 °C, pH 5.0-9.0 and 0-2 % (w/v). 26873462 9 33 theme % 1182:1182 arg1 values 1159:1164 DNA-DNA hybridization values 1137:1164 DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % 1137:1182 It showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with F. lacustris EL-17AT. 26873462 5 34 theme Phylogenetic 587:598 arg1 trees 600:604 Phylogenetic trees 587:604 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 587:637 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 5 35 theme compact 717:723 arg1 cluster 725:731 a compact cluster 715:731 a compact cluster separable from other genera 715:759 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 10 36 dep sp 1309:1310 arg1 species 1276:1282 a novel species 1268:1282 a novel species 1268:1282 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 10 36 dep sp 1309:1310 arg1 evidence 1231:1238 the evidence 1227:1238 the evidence from this polyphasic study 1227:1265 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 4 37 theme sequence 508:515 arg1 similarities 517:528 high sequence similarities 503:528 high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella 503:584 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 7 38 theme unknown 1011:1017 arg1 phospholipids 1019:1031 two unknown phospholipids 1007:1031 two unknown phospholipids 1007:1031 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. 26873462 9 39 theme F. 1189:1190 arg1 EL-17AT 1202:1208 F. lacustris EL-17AT 1189:1208 F. lacustris EL-17AT 1189:1208 It showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with F. lacustris EL-17AT. 26873462 6 40 theme predominant 889:899 arg1 anteiso-C15  784:795 anteiso-C15  784:795 anteiso-C15  784:795 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 40 theme predominant 889:899 arg1 MK-9 873:876 MK-9 873:876 MK-9 873:876 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 40 theme predominant 889:899 arg1 quinone 912:918 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 885:918 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 885:918 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 40 theme predominant 889:899 arg1 3-OH 813:816 iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 801:832 3-OH 813:816 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 6 40 theme predominant 889:899 arg1  0 797:798  0 797:798  0 797:798 The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 26873462 5 41 theme separable 733:741 arg1 cluster 725:731 a compact cluster 715:731 a compact cluster separable from other genera 715:759 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 4 42 theme genus 565:569 arg1 Friedmanniella 571:584 the genus Friedmanniella 561:584 the genus Friedmanniella 561:584 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 9 43 theme lacustris 1192:1200 arg1 EL-17AT 1202:1208 F. lacustris EL-17AT 1189:1208 F. lacustris EL-17AT 1189:1208 It showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with F. lacustris EL-17AT. 26873462 12 44 theme type 1336:1339 arg1 7515T-26T 1351:1359 7515T-26T 1351:1359 7515T-26T ( = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T) 1351:1389 The type strain is 7515T-26T ( = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T). 26873462 12 44 theme type 1336:1339 arg1 strain 1341:1346 The type strain 1332:1346 The type strain 1332:1346 The type strain is 7515T-26T ( = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T). 26873462 4 45 theme lacustris 389:397 arg1 EL-17AT 399:405 Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT 374:405 Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %) 374:414 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 45 theme lacustris 389:397 arg1 % 413:413 97.6 % 408:413 97.6 % 408:413 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 12 46 theme 17306T = DSM 1370:1381 arg1 7515T-26T 1351:1359 7515T-26T 1351:1359 7515T-26T ( = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T) 1351:1389 The type strain is 7515T-26T ( = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T). 26873462 12 46 theme 17306T = DSM 1370:1381 arg1 27139T 1383:1388  = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T 1362:1388  = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T 1362:1388 The type strain is 7515T-26T ( = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T). 26873462 3 47 theme pH 260:261 arg1 ranges 272:277 the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges 243:277 ranges 272:277 Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated cocci, growing in the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges of 10-33 °C, pH 5.0-9.0 and 0-2 % (w/v). 26873462 4 48 theme Friedmanniella 374:387 arg1 EL-17AT 399:405 Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT 374:405 Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %) 374:414 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 48 theme Friedmanniella 374:387 arg1 % 413:413 97.6 % 408:413 97.6 % 408:413 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 9 49 theme hybridization 1145:1157 arg1 values 1159:1164 DNA-DNA hybridization values 1137:1164 DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % 1137:1182 It showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with F. lacustris EL-17AT. 26873462 4 50 theme rRNA 339:342 arg1 similarity 358:367 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 330:367 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %) 330:492 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 51 theme 16S 335:337 arg1 similarity 358:367 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 330:367 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %) 330:492 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 2 52 theme Taean 135:139 arg1 region 141:146 Taean region 135:146 Taean region 135:146 A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. 26873462 2 52 theme Taean 135:139 arg1 Republic 149:156 Republic 149:156 Republic of Korea 149:165 A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. 26873462 3 53 theme temperature 247:257 arg1 ranges 272:277 the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges 243:277 ranges 272:277 Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated cocci, growing in the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges of 10-33 °C, pH 5.0-9.0 and 0-2 % (w/v). 26873462 2 54 theme Korea 161:165 arg1 region 141:146 Taean region 135:146 Taean region 135:146 A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. 26873462 2 54 theme Korea 161:165 arg1 Republic 149:156 Republic 149:156 Republic of Korea 149:165 A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. 26873462 10 55 from study 1261:1265 arg1 evidence 1231:1238 the evidence 1227:1238 the evidence from this polyphasic study 1227:1265 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 12 56 theme  = KACC 1362:1368 arg1 7515T-26T 1351:1359 7515T-26T 1351:1359 7515T-26T ( = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T) 1351:1389 The type strain is 7515T-26T ( = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T). 26873462 12 56 theme  = KACC 1362:1368 arg1 27139T 1383:1388  = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T 1362:1388  = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T 1362:1388 The type strain is 7515T-26T ( = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T). 26873462 4 57 theme sequence 349:356 arg1 similarity 358:367 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 330:367 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %) 330:492 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 58 with % 543:543 arg1 members 550:556 members 550:556 members of the genus Friedmanniella 550:584 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 4 59 theme gene 344:347 arg1 similarity 358:367 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 330:367 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %) 330:492 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 2 60 attach isolated 94:101 arg2 strain 72:77 strain 7515T-26T 72:87 strain 7515T-26T 72:87 A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. 26873462 2 60 attach isolated 94:101 arg1 sample 115:120 an air sample 108:120 an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea 108:165 A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. 26873462 2 60 attach isolated 94:101 arg2 bacterium 61:69 A novel bacterium 53:69 A novel bacterium 53:69 A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. 26873462 7 61 theme 73.1 mol 1084:1091 arg1 content 1072:1078 the DNA G+C content 1060:1078 the DNA G+C content 1060:1078 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. 26873462 7 61 theme 73.1 mol 1084:1091 arg1 % 1092:1092 73.1 mol% 1084:1092 73.1 mol% 1084:1092 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. 26873462 4 62 theme high 503:506 arg1 similarities 517:528 high sequence similarities 503:528 high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella 503:584 It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. 26873462 3 63 theme 10-33 °C 282:289 arg1 ranges 272:277 the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges 243:277 ranges 272:277 Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated cocci, growing in the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges of 10-33 °C, pH 5.0-9.0 and 0-2 % (w/v). 26873462 9 64 theme DNA-DNA 1137:1143 arg1 hybridization 1145:1157 DNA-DNA hybridization 1137:1157 DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % 1137:1182 It showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with F. lacustris EL-17AT. 26873462 10 65 dep evidence 1231:1238 arg1 the 1214:1216 the 1214:1216 the 1214:1216 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 10 65 dep evidence 1231:1238 arg1 basis 1218:1222 basis 1218:1222 basis 1218:1222 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Friedmanniella aerolata sp. 26873462 5 66 theme genus 687:691 arg1 Friedmanniella 693:706 the genus Friedmanniella 683:706 the genus Friedmanniella 683:706 Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. 26873462 7 67 theme DNA 1064:1066 arg1 content 1072:1078 the DNA G+C content 1060:1078 the DNA G+C content 1060:1078 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. 26873462 7 67 theme DNA 1064:1066 arg1 % 1092:1092 73.1 mol% 1084:1092 73.1 mol% 1084:1092 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. 26162665 5 0 from presence 1019:1026 arg1 manner 1079:1084 the solute specific manner 1059:1084 the solute specific manner 1059:1084 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 2 1 from NaCl 378:381 arg1 NaPB 414:417 0.01M NaPB 408:417 0.01M NaPB 408:417 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 4 2 theme solute-specific 642:656 arg1 coefficients 658:669 The solute-specific coefficients 638:669 The solute-specific coefficients for the compounds examined 638:696 The solute-specific coefficients for the compounds examined were determined by the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation. 26162665 5 3 theme specific 1070:1077 arg1 manner 1079:1084 the solute specific manner 1059:1084 the solute specific manner 1059:1084 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 7 4 theme various 1212:1218 arg1 types 1220:1224 various types 1212:1224 various types of solute-water interactions governed by the solute structure 1212:1286 It is suggested that there is a cooperativity between various types of solute-water interactions governed by the solute structure. 26162665 2 5 from all 401:403 arg1 NaPB 414:417 0.01M NaPB 408:417 0.01M NaPB 408:417 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 3 6 from differences 432:442 arg1 ATPSs 509:513 all the ATPSs 501:513 all the ATPSs 501:513 The differences between the solvent features of the coexisting phases in all the ATPSs were estimated from partitioning of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids and by the solvatochromic method. 26162665 1 7 theme multiple 171:178 arg1 systems 198:204 multiple aqueous two-phase systems 171:204 multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers 171:250 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 1 7 theme multiple 171:178 arg1 ATPSs 207:211 ATPSs 207:211 ATPSs 207:211 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 5 8 theme additives 1046:1054 arg1 presence 1019:1026 the presence 1015:1026 the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner 1015:1084 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 3 9 theme homologous 553:562 arg1 series 564:569 a homologous series 551:569 a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids 551:602 The differences between the solvent features of the coexisting phases in all the ATPSs were estimated from partitioning of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids and by the solvatochromic method. 26162665 4 10 theme multiple 721:728 arg1 analysis 748:755 the multiple linear regression analysis 717:755 the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 717:820 The solute-specific coefficients for the compounds examined were determined by the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation. 26162665 2 11 theme 0.01M 310:314 arg1 buffer 333:338 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer 310:338 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB) 310:345 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 11 theme 0.01M 310:314 arg1 pH 420:421 pH 7.4 420:425 pH 7.4 420:425 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 11 theme 0.01M 310:314 arg1 Na2SO4 364:369 0.1M Na2SO4 359:369 0.1M Na2SO4 359:369 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 11 theme 0.01M 310:314 arg1 NaPB 341:344 NaPB 341:344 NaPB 341:344 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 11 theme 0.01M 310:314 arg1 pH 348:349 pH 7.4 348:353 pH 7.4 348:353 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 0 12 from interactions 60:71 arg1 media 84:88 aqueous media 76:88 aqueous media 76:88 Cooperativity between various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media. 26162665 3 13 theme coexisting 480:489 arg1 phases 491:496 the coexisting phases 476:496 the coexisting phases 476:496 The differences between the solvent features of the coexisting phases in all the ATPSs were estimated from partitioning of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids and by the solvatochromic method. 26162665 2 14 theme ATPS 283:286 arg1 composition 263:273 The ionic composition 253:273 The ionic composition of each ATPS 253:286 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 5 15 from change 1005:1010 arg1 presence 1019:1026 the presence 1015:1026 the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner 1015:1084 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 2 16 theme sodium 316:321 arg1 buffer 333:338 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer 310:338 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB) 310:345 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 16 theme sodium 316:321 arg1 pH 420:421 pH 7.4 420:425 pH 7.4 420:425 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 16 theme sodium 316:321 arg1 Na2SO4 364:369 0.1M Na2SO4 359:369 0.1M Na2SO4 359:369 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 16 theme sodium 316:321 arg1 NaPB 341:344 NaPB 341:344 NaPB 341:344 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 16 theme sodium 316:321 arg1 pH 348:349 pH 7.4 348:353 pH 7.4 348:353 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 7 17 theme solute-water 1229:1240 arg1 interactions 1242:1253 solute-water interactions 1229:1253 solute-water interactions governed by the solute structure 1229:1286 It is suggested that there is a cooperativity between various types of solute-water interactions governed by the solute structure. 26162665 4 18 theme regression 737:746 arg1 analysis 748:755 the multiple linear regression analysis 717:755 the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 717:820 The solute-specific coefficients for the compounds examined were determined by the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation. 26162665 1 19 theme aqueous 180:186 arg1 systems 198:204 multiple aqueous two-phase systems 171:204 multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers 171:250 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 1 19 theme aqueous 180:186 arg1 ATPSs 207:211 ATPSs 207:211 ATPSs 207:211 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 4 20 theme linear 730:735 arg1 analysis 748:755 the multiple linear regression analysis 717:755 the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 717:820 The solute-specific coefficients for the compounds examined were determined by the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation. 26162665 2 21 theme 0.1M 359:362 arg1 buffer 333:338 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer 310:338 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB) 310:345 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 21 theme 0.1M 359:362 arg1 Na2SO4 364:369 0.1M Na2SO4 359:369 0.1M Na2SO4 359:369 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 1 22 theme Partition 91:99 arg1 coefficients 101:112 Partition coefficients 91:112 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds 91:152 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 2 23 theme NaClO4 394:399 arg1 all 401:403 0.15M NaClO4 all 388:403 0.15M NaClO4 all 388:403 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 24 from pH 348:349 arg1 NaPB 414:417 0.01M NaPB 408:417 0.01M NaPB 408:417 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 3 25 theme acids 598:602 arg1 series 564:569 a homologous series 551:569 a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids 551:602 The differences between the solvent features of the coexisting phases in all the ATPSs were estimated from partitioning of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids and by the solvatochromic method. 26162665 2 26 theme 0.15M 388:392 arg1 all 401:403 0.15M NaClO4 all 388:403 0.15M NaClO4 all 388:403 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 5 27 theme solute-water 917:928 arg1 interactions 930:941 the solute-water interactions 913:941 the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) 913:984 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 3 28 theme phases 491:496 arg1 features 464:471 the solvent features 452:471 the solvent features of the coexisting phases 452:496 The differences between the solvent features of the coexisting phases in all the ATPSs were estimated from partitioning of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids and by the solvatochromic method. 26162665 5 29 theme solute 998:1003 arg1 change 1005:1010 a given solute change 990:1010 a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner 990:1084 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 0 30 theme various 22:28 arg1 types 30:34 various types 22:34 various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media 22:88 Cooperativity between various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media. 26162665 3 31 theme dinitrophenylated-amino 574:596 arg1 acids 598:602 dinitrophenylated-amino acids 574:602 dinitrophenylated-amino acids 574:602 The differences between the solvent features of the coexisting phases in all the ATPSs were estimated from partitioning of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids and by the solvatochromic method. 26162665 5 32 theme different 894:902 arg1 types 904:908 different types 894:908 different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) 894:984 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 5 33 attach presence 1019:1026 arg2 additives 1046:1054 different salt additives 1031:1054 different salt additives 1031:1054 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 5 33 attach presence 1019:1026 arg1 manner 1079:1084 the solute specific manner 1059:1084 the solute specific manner 1059:1084 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 0 34 theme polar 39:43 arg1 interactions 60:71 polar solute-solvent interactions 39:71 polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media 39:88 Cooperativity between various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media. 26162665 5 35 dep interactions 930:941 arg1 dipole-dipole 944:956 dipole-dipole 944:956 dipole-dipole 944:956 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 5 35 dep interactions 930:941 arg1 dipole-ion 959:968 dipole-ion 959:968 dipole-ion 959:968 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 5 35 dep interactions 930:941 arg1 H-bonding 975:983 H-bonding 975:983 H-bonding 975:983 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 0 36 from media 84:88 arg1 types 30:34 various types 22:34 various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media 22:88 Cooperativity between various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media. 26162665 4 37 theme solvation 783:791 arg1 equation 813:820 the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 763:820 the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 763:820 The solute-specific coefficients for the compounds examined were determined by the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation. 26162665 5 38 theme solute 850:855 arg1 coefficients 866:877 the solute specific coefficients 846:877 the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner 846:1084 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 2 39 theme 0.15M 372:376 arg1 NaCl 378:381 0.15M NaCl 372:381 0.15M NaCl 372:381 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 3 40 theme series 564:569 arg1 partitioning 535:546 partitioning 535:546 partitioning of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids 535:602 The differences between the solvent features of the coexisting phases in all the ATPSs were estimated from partitioning of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids and by the solvatochromic method. 26162665 4 41 theme linear 776:781 arg1 equation 813:820 the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 763:820 the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 763:820 The solute-specific coefficients for the compounds examined were determined by the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation. 26162665 0 42 theme interactions 60:71 arg1 types 30:34 various types 22:34 various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media 22:88 Cooperativity between various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media. 26162665 5 43 theme solute 1063:1068 arg1 manner 1079:1084 the solute specific manner 1059:1084 the solute specific manner 1059:1084 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 4 44 theme relationship 800:811 arg1 equation 813:820 the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 763:820 the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 763:820 The solute-specific coefficients for the compounds examined were determined by the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation. 26162665 1 45 theme low 123:125 arg1 compounds 144:152 seven low molecular weight compounds 117:152 seven low molecular weight compounds 117:152 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 0 46 theme solute-solvent 45:58 arg1 interactions 60:71 polar solute-solvent interactions 39:71 polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media 39:88 Cooperativity between various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media. 26162665 4 47 theme energy 793:798 arg1 equation 813:820 the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 763:820 the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 763:820 The solute-specific coefficients for the compounds examined were determined by the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation. 26162665 2 48 from Na2SO4 364:369 arg1 NaPB 414:417 0.01M NaPB 408:417 0.01M NaPB 408:417 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 1 49 theme molecular 127:135 arg1 compounds 144:152 seven low molecular weight compounds 117:152 seven low molecular weight compounds 117:152 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 7 50 theme interactions 1242:1253 arg1 types 1220:1224 various types 1212:1224 various types of solute-water interactions governed by the solute structure 1212:1286 It is suggested that there is a cooperativity between various types of solute-water interactions governed by the solute structure. 26162665 5 51 theme interactions 930:941 arg1 types 904:908 different types 894:908 different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) 894:984 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 3 52 theme solvatochromic 615:628 arg1 method 630:635 the solvatochromic method 611:635 the solvatochromic method 611:635 The differences between the solvent features of the coexisting phases in all the ATPSs were estimated from partitioning of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids and by the solvatochromic method. 26162665 1 53 theme weight 137:142 arg1 compounds 144:152 seven low molecular weight compounds 117:152 seven low molecular weight compounds 117:152 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 5 54 theme different 1031:1039 arg1 additives 1046:1054 different salt additives 1031:1054 different salt additives 1031:1054 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 2 55 theme ionic 257:261 arg1 composition 263:273 The ionic composition 253:273 The ionic composition of each ATPS 253:286 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 1 56 theme compounds 144:152 arg1 coefficients 101:112 Partition coefficients 91:112 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds 91:152 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 2 57 theme phosphate 323:331 arg1 buffer 333:338 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer 310:338 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB) 310:345 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 57 theme phosphate 323:331 arg1 pH 420:421 pH 7.4 420:425 pH 7.4 420:425 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 57 theme phosphate 323:331 arg1 Na2SO4 364:369 0.1M Na2SO4 359:369 0.1M Na2SO4 359:369 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 57 theme phosphate 323:331 arg1 NaPB 341:344 NaPB 341:344 NaPB 341:344 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 2 57 theme phosphate 323:331 arg1 pH 348:349 pH 7.4 348:353 pH 7.4 348:353 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 0 58 theme aqueous 76:82 arg1 media 84:88 aqueous media 76:88 aqueous media 76:88 Cooperativity between various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media. 26162665 5 59 theme salt 1041:1044 arg1 additives 1046:1054 different salt additives 1031:1054 different salt additives 1031:1054 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 4 60 theme modified 767:774 arg1 equation 813:820 the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 763:820 the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation 763:820 The solute-specific coefficients for the compounds examined were determined by the multiple linear regression analysis using the modified linear solvation energy relationship equation. 26162665 5 61 theme specific 857:864 arg1 coefficients 866:877 the solute specific coefficients 846:877 the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner 846:1084 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 1 62 theme two-phase 188:196 arg1 systems 198:204 multiple aqueous two-phase systems 171:204 multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers 171:250 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 1 62 theme two-phase 188:196 arg1 ATPSs 207:211 ATPSs 207:211 ATPSs 207:211 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 1 63 theme different 233:241 arg1 polymers 243:250 different polymers 233:250 different polymers 233:250 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 26162665 2 64 theme 0.01M 408:412 arg1 NaPB 414:417 0.01M NaPB 408:417 0.01M NaPB 408:417 The ionic composition of each ATPS was varied to include 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), pH 7.4 and 0.1M Na2SO4, 0.15M NaCl, and 0.15M NaClO4 all in 0.01M NaPB, pH 7.4. 26162665 0 65 from types 30:34 arg1 media 84:88 aqueous media 76:88 aqueous media 76:88 Cooperativity between various types of polar solute-solvent interactions in aqueous media. 26162665 5 66 theme given 992:996 arg1 change 1005:1010 a given solute change 990:1010 a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner 990:1084 It is established that the solute specific coefficients characterizing different types of the solute-water interactions (dipole-dipole, dipole-ion, and H-bonding) for a given solute change in the presence of different salt additives in the solute specific manner. 26162665 3 67 theme solvent 456:462 arg1 features 464:471 the solvent features 452:471 the solvent features of the coexisting phases 452:496 The differences between the solvent features of the coexisting phases in all the ATPSs were estimated from partitioning of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated-amino acids and by the solvatochromic method. 26162665 7 68 theme solute 1271:1276 arg1 structure 1278:1286 the solute structure 1267:1286 the solute structure 1267:1286 It is suggested that there is a cooperativity between various types of solute-water interactions governed by the solute structure. 26162665 1 69 theme polymers 243:250 arg1 pairs 224:228 pairs 224:228 pairs of different polymers 224:250 Partition coefficients of seven low molecular weight compounds were measured in multiple aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by pairs of different polymers. 24243967 9 0 theme genus 1224:1228 arg1 Agromyces 1230:1238 the genus Agromyces 1220:1238 the genus Agromyces 1220:1238 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 1 theme published 1106:1114 arg1 names 1116:1120 validly published names 1098:1120 validly published names 1098:1120 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 10 2 dep sp 1318:1319 arg1 Agromyces 1297:1305 Agromyces 1297:1305 Agromyces 1297:1305 nov. and Agromyces subtropica sp. 24243967 10 2 dep sp 1318:1319 arg1 nov. 1288:1291 nov. 1288:1291 nov. 1288:1291 nov. and Agromyces subtropica sp. 24243967 3 3 attach isolated 183:190 arg1 samples 202:208 soil samples 197:208 soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, 197:246 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24243967 3 3 attach isolated 183:190 arg2 bacteria 120:127 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 88:127 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 88:127 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24243967 3 4 theme taxonomic 258:266 arg1 positions 268:276 their taxonomic positions 252:276 their taxonomic positions 252:276 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24243967 9 5 theme Agromyces 1230:1238 arg1 species 1209:1215 two novel species 1199:1215 two novel species 1199:1215 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 10 6 theme subtropica 1307:1316 arg1 sp 1318:1319 subtropica sp 1307:1319 subtropica sp 1307:1319 nov. and Agromyces subtropica sp. 24243967 9 7 dep strains 1010:1016 arg1 IY07-113 1045:1052 IY07-113 1045:1052 IY07-113 1045:1052 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 7 dep strains 1010:1016 arg1 strains 1010:1016 strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names 1010:1120 strains 1010:1016 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 7 dep strains 1010:1016 arg1 IY07-56 1030:1036 IY07-56 1030:1036 IY07-56 1030:1036 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 7 dep strains 1010:1016 arg1 IY07-20 1018:1024 IY07-20 1018:1024 IY07-20 1018:1024 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 7 dep strains 1010:1016 arg1 T 1038:1038 T 1038:1038 T 1038:1038 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 7 dep strains 1010:1016 arg1 T 1026:1026 T 1026:1026 T 1026:1026 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 8 8 theme isolates 816:823 arg1 characteristics 793:807 The chemotaxonomic characteristics 774:807 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates 774:823 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates matched those described for members of the genus Agromyces. 24243967 3 9 from Island 224:229 arg1 samples 202:208 soil samples 197:208 soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, 197:246 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24243967 9 10 from differences 960:970 arg1 characteristics 986:1000 phenotypic characteristics 975:1000 phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names 975:1120 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 5 11 theme l-2,4-diaminobutylic 539:558 arg1 acid 560:563 l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid 539:563 l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid 539:563 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 11 12 theme  = DSM 1441:1446 arg1 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 12 theme  = DSM 1441:1446 arg1 26153 1448:1452  = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153 1424:1452  = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T) 1424:1455 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 3 13 theme polyphasic 301:310 arg1 approach 312:319 a polyphasic approach 299:319 a polyphasic approach 299:319 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24243967 11 14 theme T 1439:1439 arg1 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 14 theme T 1439:1439 arg1 26153 1448:1452  = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153 1424:1452  = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T) 1424:1455 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 4 15 theme rRNA 357:360 arg1 comparisons 376:386 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 353:386 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 353:386 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. 24243967 9 16 theme merit 1156:1160 arg1 classification 1162:1175 merit classification 1156:1175 merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp 1156:1285 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 17 theme analysis 913:920 arg1 results 889:895 The results 885:895 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization 885:946 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 4 18 theme 16S 353:355 arg1 comparisons 376:386 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 353:386 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 353:386 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. 24243967 7 19 theme mol 768:770 arg1 % 771:771 70.9-72.9 mol% 758:771 70.9-72.9 mol% 758:771 The DNA G+C contents were 70.9-72.9 mol%. 24243967 7 19 theme mol 768:770 arg1 contents 744:751 The DNA G+C contents 732:751 The DNA G+C contents 732:751 The DNA G+C contents were 70.9-72.9 mol%. 24243967 9 20 theme hybridization 934:946 arg1 results 889:895 The results 885:895 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization 885:946 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 6 21 theme was 658:660 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24243967 6 21 theme was 658:660 arg1 MK-12 662:666 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 630:666 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 630:666 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24243967 9 22 theme DNA-DNA 926:932 arg1 hybridization 934:946 DNA-DNA hybridization 926:946 DNA-DNA hybridization 926:946 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 11 23 dep IY07-20 1362:1368 arg1 26155 1398:1402  = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155 1374:1402  = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T) 1374:1405 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 23 dep IY07-20 1362:1368 arg1 T 1404:1404 T 1404:1404 T 1404:1404 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 5 24 theme d-glutamic 577:586 arg1 acid 588:591 d-glutamic acid 577:591 d-glutamic acid 577:591 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 6 25 theme menaquinone 646:656 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24243967 6 25 theme menaquinone 646:656 arg1 MK-12 662:666 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 630:666 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 630:666 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24243967 9 26 theme iriomotensis 1271:1282 arg1 sp 1284:1285 Agromyces iriomotensis sp 1261:1285 Agromyces iriomotensis sp 1261:1285 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 27 theme Agromyces 1261:1269 arg1 sp 1284:1285 Agromyces iriomotensis sp 1261:1285 Agromyces iriomotensis sp 1261:1285 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 3 28 theme soil 197:200 arg1 samples 202:208 soil samples 197:208 soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, 197:246 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24243967 6 29 theme predominant 634:644 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24243967 6 29 theme predominant 634:644 arg1 MK-12 662:666 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 630:666 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 630:666 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24243967 5 30 contain contained 529:537 arg2 d-alanine 566:574 d-alanine 566:574 d-alanine 566:574 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 5 30 contain contained 529:537 arg2 glycine 597:603 glycine 597:603 glycine 597:603 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 5 30 contain contained 529:537 arg1 isolates 520:527 The isolates 516:527 The isolates 516:527 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 5 30 contain contained 529:537 arg2 acid 588:591 d-glutamic acid 577:591 d-glutamic acid 577:591 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 5 30 contain contained 529:537 arg2 acid 560:563 l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid 539:563 l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid 539:563 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 4 31 theme similarity 484:493 arg1 range 495:499 similarity range 484:499 similarity range of 95.6-98.7% 484:513 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. 24243967 4 32 theme Phylogenetic 322:333 arg1 analysis 335:342 Phylogenetic analysis 322:342 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 322:386 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. 24243967 11 33 theme  = NBRC 1374:1380 arg1 26155 1398:1402  = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155 1374:1402  = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T) 1374:1405 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 33 theme  = NBRC 1374:1380 arg1 T 1404:1404 T 1404:1404 T 1404:1404 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 5 34 from d-alanine 566:574 arg1 peptidoglycans 614:627 their peptidoglycans 608:627 their peptidoglycans 608:627 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 9 35 theme phylogenetic 900:911 arg1 analysis 913:920 phylogenetic analysis 900:920 phylogenetic analysis 900:920 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 11 36 theme type 1345:1348 arg1 IY07-20 1362:1368 IY07-20 1362:1368 IY07-20 1362:1368 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 36 theme type 1345:1348 arg1 strains 1350:1356 the type strains 1341:1356 the type strains 1341:1356 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 8 37 theme genus 868:872 arg1 Agromyces 874:882 the genus Agromyces 864:882 the genus Agromyces 864:882 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates matched those described for members of the genus Agromyces. 24243967 8 38 theme chemotaxonomic 778:791 arg1 characteristics 793:807 The chemotaxonomic characteristics 774:807 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates 774:823 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates matched those described for members of the genus Agromyces. 24243967 3 39 theme Iriomote 215:222 arg1 Japan 241:245 Japan 241:245 Japan 241:245 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24243967 3 39 theme Iriomote 215:222 arg1 Island 224:229 Iriomote Island 215:229 Iriomote Island 215:229 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24243967 11 40 theme 106454 1432:1437 arg1 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 40 theme 106454 1432:1437 arg1 26153 1448:1452  = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153 1424:1452  = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T) 1424:1455 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 4 41 theme Agromyces 468:476 arg1 members 447:453 the members 443:453 the members of the genus Agromyces 443:476 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. 24243967 4 42 theme % 513:513 arg1 range 495:499 similarity range 484:499 similarity range of 95.6-98.7% 484:513 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. 24243967 3 43 theme Gram-stain-positive 100:118 arg1 bacteria 120:127 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 88:127 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 88:127 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24243967 4 44 theme genus 462:466 arg1 Agromyces 468:476 the genus Agromyces 458:476 the genus Agromyces 458:476 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. 24243967 5 45 from acid 588:591 arg1 peptidoglycans 614:627 their peptidoglycans 608:627 their peptidoglycans 608:627 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 8 46 theme Agromyces 874:882 arg1 members 853:859 members 853:859 members of the genus Agromyces 853:882 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates matched those described for members of the genus Agromyces. 24243967 11 47 theme  = DSM 1391:1396 arg1 26155 1398:1402  = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155 1374:1402  = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T) 1374:1405 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 47 theme  = DSM 1391:1396 arg1 T 1404:1404 T 1404:1404 T 1404:1404 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 9 48 theme phenotypic 975:984 arg1 characteristics 986:1000 phenotypic characteristics 975:1000 phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names 975:1120 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 4 49 theme sequence 367:374 arg1 comparisons 376:386 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 353:386 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 353:386 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. 24243967 9 50 theme novel 1203:1207 arg1 species 1209:1215 two novel species 1199:1215 two novel species 1199:1215 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 11 51 theme  = NBRC 1424:1430 arg1 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 51 theme  = NBRC 1424:1430 arg1 26153 1448:1452  = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153 1424:1452  = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T) 1424:1455 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 52 theme T 1389:1389 arg1 26155 1398:1402  = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155 1374:1402  = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T) 1374:1405 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 52 theme T 1389:1389 arg1 T 1404:1404 T 1404:1404 T 1404:1404 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 5 53 from glycine 597:603 arg1 peptidoglycans 614:627 their peptidoglycans 608:627 their peptidoglycans 608:627 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 4 54 theme gene 362:365 arg1 comparisons 376:386 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 353:386 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 353:386 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. 24243967 1 55 theme nov. 27:30 arg1 subtropicus 46:56 nov. and Agromyces subtropicus 27:56 nov. and Agromyces subtropicus 27:56 nov. and Agromyces subtropicus sp. 24243967 3 56 theme novel 94:98 arg1 bacteria 120:127 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 88:127 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 88:127 Three novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113, were isolated from soil samples from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24243967 1 57 dep sp 58:59 arg1 subtropicus 46:56 nov. and Agromyces subtropicus 27:56 nov. and Agromyces subtropicus 27:56 nov. and Agromyces subtropicus sp. 24243967 9 58 theme genus 1077:1081 arg1 Agromyces 1083:1091 the genus Agromyces 1073:1091 the genus Agromyces with validly published names 1073:1120 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 59 theme species 1209:1215 arg1 representatives 1180:1194 representatives 1180:1194 representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp 1180:1285 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 60 theme Agromyces 1083:1091 arg1 strains 1010:1016 strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names 1010:1120 strains 1010:1016 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 60 theme Agromyces 1083:1091 arg1 IY07-113 1045:1052 IY07-113 1045:1052 IY07-113 1045:1052 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 60 theme Agromyces 1083:1091 arg1 species 1062:1068 the species 1058:1068 the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names 1058:1120 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 60 theme Agromyces 1083:1091 arg1 IY07-20 1018:1024 IY07-20 1018:1024 IY07-20 1018:1024 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 9 60 theme Agromyces 1083:1091 arg1 IY07-56 1030:1036 IY07-56 1030:1036 IY07-56 1030:1036 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 7 61 theme DNA 736:738 arg1 % 771:771 70.9-72.9 mol% 758:771 70.9-72.9 mol% 758:771 The DNA G+C contents were 70.9-72.9 mol%. 24243967 7 61 theme DNA 736:738 arg1 contents 744:751 The DNA G+C contents 732:751 The DNA G+C contents 732:751 The DNA G+C contents were 70.9-72.9 mol%. 24243967 11 62 theme 106452 1382:1387 arg1 26155 1398:1402  = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155 1374:1402  = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T) 1374:1405 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 62 theme 106452 1382:1387 arg1 T 1404:1404 T 1404:1404 T 1404:1404 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 1 63 theme Agromyces 36:44 arg1 subtropicus 46:56 nov. and Agromyces subtropicus 27:56 nov. and Agromyces subtropicus 27:56 nov. and Agromyces subtropicus sp. 24243967 6 64 theme fatty 682:686 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24243967 6 64 theme fatty 682:686 arg1 acids 688:692 the major fatty acids 672:692 the major fatty acids 672:692 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24243967 5 65 from acid 560:563 arg1 peptidoglycans 614:627 their peptidoglycans 608:627 their peptidoglycans 608:627 The isolates contained l-2,4-diaminobutylic acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycans. 24243967 11 66 dep IY07-56 1412:1418 arg1 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 11 66 dep IY07-56 1412:1418 arg1 26153 1448:1452  = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153 1424:1452  = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T) 1424:1455 nov. are proposed; the type strains are IY07-20(T) ( = NBRC 106452(T) = DSM 26155(T)) and IY07-56(T) ( = NBRC 106454(T) = DSM 26153(T)), respectively. 24243967 9 67 with Agromyces 1083:1091 arg1 names 1116:1120 validly published names 1098:1120 validly published names 1098:1120 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains IY07-20(T), IY07-56(T) and IY07-113 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicate that the three isolates merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the names Agromyces iriomotensis sp. 24243967 6 68 theme major 676:680 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 anteiso-C15:0 699:711 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24243967 6 68 theme major 676:680 arg1 acids 688:692 the major fatty acids 672:692 the major fatty acids 672:692 The predominant menaquinone was MK-12 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24243967 4 69 with related 432:438 arg1 range 495:499 similarity range 484:499 similarity range of 95.6-98.7% 484:513 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the three isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 95.6-98.7%. 24243967 7 70 theme G+C 740:742 arg1 % 771:771 70.9-72.9 mol% 758:771 70.9-72.9 mol% 758:771 The DNA G+C contents were 70.9-72.9 mol%. 24243967 7 70 theme G+C 740:742 arg1 contents 744:751 The DNA G+C contents 732:751 The DNA G+C contents 732:751 The DNA G+C contents were 70.9-72.9 mol%. 24752412 5 0 theme organic 741:747 arg1 acids 749:753 organic acids 741:753 organic acids 741:753 Cicer arietinum gave the highest concentration of sugars, organic acids and tocopherols. 24752412 8 1 theme bioactive 1127:1135 arg1 properties 1137:1146 bioactive properties 1127:1146 bioactive properties 1127:1146 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 4 2 theme activity 673:680 arg1 concentration 629:641 the highest concentration 617:641 the highest concentration of flavonoids and antioxidant activity 617:680 Furthermore, it also showed the highest concentration of flavonoids and antioxidant activity. 24752412 6 3 theme bioactive 956:964 arg1 compounds 966:974 bioactive compounds 956:974 bioactive compounds 956:974 The soaking process did not significantly affect macronutrients, but cooking (boiling) decreased protein, ash, sugars and organic acids, and increased carbohydrates, fat, tocopherols, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. 24752412 0 4 theme Cicer 75:79 arg1 properties 61:70 nutritional and bioactive properties 35:70 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 0:124 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 1 5 theme traditional 148:158 arg1 foods 160:164 traditional foods 148:164 traditional foods 148:164 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 1 6 theme cultural 242:249 arg1 inheritance 251:261 cultural inheritance 242:261 cultural inheritance 242:261 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 3 7 theme acid 542:545 arg1 content 547:553 saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content 495:553 saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content 495:553 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 1 8 theme inheritance 251:261 arg1 elements 210:217 perpetuating important elements 187:217 perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance 187:261 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 1 8 theme inheritance 251:261 arg1 diet 181:184 our diet 177:184 our diet 177:184 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 5 9 theme highest 708:714 arg1 concentration 716:728 the highest concentration 704:728 the highest concentration of sugars, organic acids and tocopherols 704:769 Cicer arietinum gave the highest concentration of sugars, organic acids and tocopherols. 24752412 5 10 theme Cicer 683:687 arg1 arietinum 689:697 Cicer arietinum 683:697 Cicer arietinum 683:697 Cicer arietinum gave the highest concentration of sugars, organic acids and tocopherols. 24752412 3 11 theme polyunsaturated 520:534 arg1 acid 542:545 polyunsaturated fatty acid 520:545 polyunsaturated fatty acid 520:545 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 1 12 dep BACKGROUND 126:135 arg1 enrich 170:175 enrich 170:175 can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance 166:261 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 8 13 theme modern 1278:1283 arg1 diets 1285:1289 modern diets 1278:1289 modern diets 1278:1289 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 0 14 theme sativus 107:113 arg1 pulses 118:123 Lathyrus sativus L. pulses 98:123 Lathyrus sativus L. pulses 98:123 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 6 15 theme soaking 776:782 arg1 process 784:790 The soaking process 772:790 The soaking process 772:790 The soaking process did not significantly affect macronutrients, but cooking (boiling) decreased protein, ash, sugars and organic acids, and increased carbohydrates, fat, tocopherols, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. 24752412 3 16 theme fatty 505:509 arg1 acid 511:514 saturated fatty acid 495:514 saturated fatty acid 495:514 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 1 17 theme foods 160:164 arg1 use 141:143 The use 137:143 The use of traditional foods 137:164 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 0 18 theme Lathyrus 98:105 arg1 pulses 118:123 Lathyrus sativus L. pulses 98:123 Lathyrus sativus L. pulses 98:123 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 8 19 theme L. 1200:1201 arg1 pulses 1211:1216 L. sativus pulses 1200:1216 L. sativus pulses 1200:1216 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 7 20 theme acid 1041:1044 arg1 composition 1046:1056 fatty acid composition 1035:1056 fatty acid composition 1035:1056 No differences were obtained for fatty acid composition. 24752412 3 21 theme acid 511:514 arg1 content 547:553 saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content 495:553 saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content 495:553 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 8 22 theme agricultural 1157:1168 arg1 varieties 1170:1178 these agricultural varieties 1151:1178 these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses 1151:1216 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 22 theme agricultural 1157:1168 arg1 arietinum 1186:1194 C. arietinum 1183:1194 C. arietinum 1183:1194 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 22 theme agricultural 1157:1168 arg1 pulses 1211:1216 L. sativus pulses 1200:1216 L. sativus pulses 1200:1216 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 23 from use 1271:1273 arg1 diets 1285:1289 modern diets 1278:1289 modern diets 1278:1289 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 5 24 theme acids 749:753 arg1 concentration 716:728 the highest concentration 704:728 the highest concentration of sugars, organic acids and tocopherols 704:769 Cicer arietinum gave the highest concentration of sugars, organic acids and tocopherols. 24752412 8 25 dep profile 1115:1121 arg1 the 1099:1101 the 1099:1101 the 1099:1101 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 2 26 dep species 311:317 arg1 sativus 352:358 Lathyrus sativus 343:358 Lathyrus sativus 343:358 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 2 26 dep species 311:317 arg1 Cicer 320:324 Cicer 320:324 Cicer 320:324 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 2 26 dep species 311:317 arg1 species 311:317 two Fabaceae species 298:317 two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) 298:362 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 8 27 theme present 1074:1080 arg1 study 1082:1086 The present study 1070:1086 The present study 1070:1086 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 6 28 theme antioxidant 980:990 arg1 activity 992:999 antioxidant activity 980:999 antioxidant activity 980:999 The soaking process did not significantly affect macronutrients, but cooking (boiling) decreased protein, ash, sugars and organic acids, and increased carbohydrates, fat, tocopherols, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. 24752412 0 29 dep Cicer 75:79 arg1 L. 91:92 Cicer arietinum L. 75:92 Cicer arietinum L. 75:92 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 8 30 theme traditional 1239:1249 arg1 consumption 1251:1261 their traditional consumption 1233:1261 their traditional consumption 1233:1261 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 4 31 theme antioxidant 661:671 arg1 activity 673:680 antioxidant activity 661:680 antioxidant activity 661:680 Furthermore, it also showed the highest concentration of flavonoids and antioxidant activity. 24752412 0 32 theme foods 28:32 arg1 Valorization 0:11 Valorization 0:11 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 0:124 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 0 33 theme pulses 118:123 arg1 properties 61:70 nutritional and bioactive properties 35:70 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 0:124 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 3 34 dep RESULTS 431:437 arg1 gave 450:453 gave 450:453 gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value 450:586 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 2 35 dep Cicer 320:324 arg1 L. 336:337 Cicer arietinum L. 320:337 Cicer arietinum L. 320:337 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 2 35 dep Cicer 320:324 arg1 L. 360:361 L. 360:361 L. 360:361 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 0 36 theme traditional 16:26 arg1 foods 28:32 traditional foods 16:32 traditional foods 16:32 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 0 37 theme L. 115:116 arg1 pulses 118:123 Lathyrus sativus L. pulses 98:123 Lathyrus sativus L. pulses 98:123 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 2 38 theme cooked 280:285 arg1 samples 287:293 cooked samples 280:293 cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) 280:362 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 2 39 theme nutritional 393:403 arg1 properties 419:428 nutritional and bioactive properties 393:428 nutritional and bioactive properties 393:428 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 0 40 theme nutritional 35:45 arg1 properties 61:70 nutritional and bioactive properties 35:70 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 0:124 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 6 41 theme increased 913:921 arg1 carbohydrates 923:935 increased carbohydrates 913:935 increased carbohydrates 913:935 The soaking process did not significantly affect macronutrients, but cooking (boiling) decreased protein, ash, sugars and organic acids, and increased carbohydrates, fat, tocopherols, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. 24752412 3 42 theme L. 439:440 arg1 sativus 442:448 L. sativus 439:448 L. sativus 439:448 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 3 43 theme fat 567:569 arg1 value 582:586 lowest fat and energy value 560:586 lowest fat and energy value 560:586 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 1 44 theme perpetuating 187:198 arg1 elements 210:217 perpetuating important elements 187:217 perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance 187:261 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 1 44 theme perpetuating 187:198 arg1 diet 181:184 our diet 177:184 our diet 177:184 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 4 45 theme highest 621:627 arg1 concentration 629:641 the highest concentration 617:641 the highest concentration of flavonoids and antioxidant activity 617:680 Furthermore, it also showed the highest concentration of flavonoids and antioxidant activity. 24752412 5 46 theme tocopherols 759:769 arg1 concentration 716:728 the highest concentration 704:728 the highest concentration of sugars, organic acids and tocopherols 704:769 Cicer arietinum gave the highest concentration of sugars, organic acids and tocopherols. 24752412 8 47 theme arietinum 1186:1194 arg1 varieties 1170:1178 these agricultural varieties 1151:1178 these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses 1151:1216 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 47 theme arietinum 1186:1194 arg1 arietinum 1186:1194 C. arietinum 1183:1194 C. arietinum 1183:1194 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 47 theme arietinum 1186:1194 arg1 pulses 1211:1216 L. sativus pulses 1200:1216 L. sativus pulses 1200:1216 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 1 48 theme important 200:208 arg1 elements 210:217 perpetuating important elements 187:217 perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance 187:261 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 1 48 theme important 200:208 arg1 diet 181:184 our diet 177:184 our diet 177:184 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 0 49 theme bioactive 51:59 arg1 properties 61:70 nutritional and bioactive properties 35:70 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 0:124 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 8 50 theme nutritional 1103:1113 arg1 profile 1115:1121 nutritional profile 1103:1121 nutritional profile 1103:1121 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 51 theme sativus 1203:1209 arg1 pulses 1211:1216 L. sativus pulses 1200:1216 L. sativus pulses 1200:1216 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 7 52 theme fatty 1035:1039 arg1 composition 1046:1056 fatty acid composition 1035:1056 fatty acid composition 1035:1056 No differences were obtained for fatty acid composition. 24752412 3 53 theme lowest 560:565 arg1 value 582:586 lowest fat and energy value 560:586 lowest fat and energy value 560:586 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 6 54 theme organic 894:900 arg1 acids 902:906 organic acids 894:906 organic acids 894:906 The soaking process did not significantly affect macronutrients, but cooking (boiling) decreased protein, ash, sugars and organic acids, and increased carbohydrates, fat, tocopherols, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. 24752412 4 55 theme flavonoids 646:655 arg1 concentration 629:641 the highest concentration 617:641 the highest concentration of flavonoids and antioxidant activity 617:680 Furthermore, it also showed the highest concentration of flavonoids and antioxidant activity. 24752412 2 56 theme species 311:317 arg1 samples 287:293 cooked samples 280:293 cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) 280:362 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 3 57 theme fatty 536:540 arg1 acid 542:545 polyunsaturated fatty acid 520:545 polyunsaturated fatty acid 520:545 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 8 58 theme varieties 1170:1178 arg1 profile 1115:1121 nutritional profile 1103:1121 nutritional profile 1103:1121 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 58 theme varieties 1170:1178 arg1 properties 1137:1146 bioactive properties 1127:1146 bioactive properties 1127:1146 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 59 dep CONCLUSION 1059:1068 arg1 valorizes 1223:1231 valorizes 1223:1231 valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets 1223:1289 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 59 dep CONCLUSION 1059:1068 arg1 highlights 1088:1097 highlights 1088:1097 highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses 1088:1216 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 2 60 theme Fabaceae 302:309 arg1 sativus 352:358 Lathyrus sativus 343:358 Lathyrus sativus 343:358 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 2 60 theme Fabaceae 302:309 arg1 Cicer 320:324 Cicer 320:324 Cicer 320:324 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 2 60 theme Fabaceae 302:309 arg1 species 311:317 two Fabaceae species 298:317 two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) 298:362 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 3 61 theme highest 459:465 arg1 carbohydrate 467:478 carbohydrate 467:478 carbohydrate 467:478 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 5 62 theme sugars 733:738 arg1 concentration 716:728 the highest concentration 704:728 the highest concentration of sugars, organic acids and tocopherols 704:769 Cicer arietinum gave the highest concentration of sugars, organic acids and tocopherols. 24752412 3 63 theme energy 575:580 arg1 value 582:586 lowest fat and energy value 560:586 lowest fat and energy value 560:586 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 2 64 theme bioactive 409:417 arg1 properties 419:428 nutritional and bioactive properties 393:428 nutritional and bioactive properties 393:428 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 2 65 theme Lathyrus 343:350 arg1 sativus 352:358 Lathyrus sativus 343:358 Lathyrus sativus 343:358 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 2 65 theme Lathyrus 343:350 arg1 species 311:317 two Fabaceae species 298:317 two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) 298:362 Raw, soaked and cooked samples of two Fabaceae species (Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L.) were characterized regarding nutritional and bioactive properties. 24752412 1 66 theme local 222:226 arg1 knowledge 228:236 local knowledge 222:236 local knowledge 222:236 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 8 67 theme pulses 1211:1216 arg1 varieties 1170:1178 these agricultural varieties 1151:1178 these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses 1151:1216 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 67 theme pulses 1211:1216 arg1 arietinum 1186:1194 C. arietinum 1183:1194 C. arietinum 1183:1194 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 8 67 theme pulses 1211:1216 arg1 pulses 1211:1216 L. sativus pulses 1200:1216 L. sativus pulses 1200:1216 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 0 68 dep Valorization 0:11 arg1 properties 61:70 nutritional and bioactive properties 35:70 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 0:124 Valorization of traditional foods: nutritional and bioactive properties of Cicer arietinum L. and Lathyrus sativus L. pulses. 24752412 8 69 from consumption 1251:1261 arg1 diets 1285:1289 modern diets 1278:1289 modern diets 1278:1289 CONCLUSION The present study highlights the nutritional profile and bioactive properties of these agricultural varieties of C. arietinum and L. sativus pulses, and valorizes their traditional consumption and the use in modern diets. 24752412 3 70 theme saturated 495:503 arg1 acid 511:514 saturated fatty acid 495:514 saturated fatty acid 495:514 RESULTS L. sativus gave the highest carbohydrate, protein, ash, saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and lowest fat and energy value. 24752412 1 71 theme knowledge 228:236 arg1 elements 210:217 perpetuating important elements 187:217 perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance 187:261 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 24752412 1 71 theme knowledge 228:236 arg1 diet 181:184 our diet 177:184 our diet 177:184 BACKGROUND The use of traditional foods can enrich our diet, perpetuating important elements of local knowledge and cultural inheritance. 25896537 6 0 theme smaller 1064:1070 arg1 GOX-MS 1078:1083 smaller sized GOX-MS 1064:1083 smaller sized GOX-MS 1064:1083 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 10 1 theme greater 1626:1632 arg1 damage 1643:1648 greater membrane damage 1626:1648 greater membrane damage 1626:1648 GOX-MS induced greater membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in MDR cells than the WT cells. 25896537 1 2 theme previous 260:267 arg1 work 269:272 our previous work 256:272 our previous work 256:272 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 25896537 7 3 theme large 1402:1406 arg1 GOX-MS 1417:1422 large (140 μm) GOX-MS 1402:1422 large (140 μm) GOX-MS 1402:1422 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 7 3 theme large 1402:1406 arg1 μm 1413:1414 140 μm 1409:1414 140 μm 1409:1414 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 4 4 theme coating 858:864 arg1 solution 866:873 the coating solution 854:873 the coating solution 854:873 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 8 5 from effective 1449:1457 arg1 cells 1479:1483 killing both MDR cells 1462:1483 cells 1479:1483 The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. 25896537 8 5 from effective 1449:1457 arg1 cells 1492:1496 WT cells 1489:1496 WT cells 1489:1496 The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. 25896537 9 6 theme membrane 1571:1578 arg1 damage 1580:1585 membrane damage 1571:1585 membrane damage 1571:1585 The cytotoxicity of the GOX formulations was positively correlated with membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. 25896537 6 7 theme type 1219:1222 arg1 cells 1234:1238 wild type (EMT6/WT) cells 1214:1238 wild type (EMT6/WT) cells 1214:1238 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 10 8 theme lipid 1654:1658 arg1 peroxidation 1660:1671 lipid peroxidation 1654:1671 lipid peroxidation 1654:1671 GOX-MS induced greater membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in MDR cells than the WT cells. 25896537 4 9 theme chitosan 827:834 arg1 concentrations 836:849 optimal chitosan concentrations 819:849 optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution 819:873 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 6 10 theme culture 1125:1131 arg1 medium 1133:1138 cell culture medium 1120:1138 cell culture medium 1120:1138 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 3 11 theme different 531:539 arg1 diameters 546:554 different mean diameters 531:554 different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm 531:573 GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. 25896537 10 12 from damage 1643:1648 arg1 cells 1680:1684 MDR cells 1676:1684 MDR cells 1676:1684 GOX-MS induced greater membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in MDR cells than the WT cells. 25896537 7 13 theme GOX-MS 1343:1348 arg1 uptake 1314:1319 significant uptake 1302:1319 significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells 1302:1373 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 0 14 theme resistant 134:142 arg1 cells 158:162 multidrug resistant breast cancer cells 124:162 multidrug resistant breast cancer cells 124:162 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 0 15 theme cancer 151:156 arg1 cells 158:162 multidrug resistant breast cancer cells 124:162 multidrug resistant breast cancer cells 124:162 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 3 16 theme 4 559:559 arg1 μm 572:573 4, 20 or 140 μm 559:573 μm 572:573 GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. 25896537 10 17 from peroxidation 1660:1671 arg1 cells 1680:1684 MDR cells 1676:1684 MDR cells 1676:1684 GOX-MS induced greater membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in MDR cells than the WT cells. 25896537 6 18 dep cancer 1186:1191 arg1 MDR 1193:1195 MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) 1193:1208 MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) 1193:1208 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 3 19 theme 140 568:570 arg1 μm 572:573 4, 20 or 140 μm 559:573 μm 572:573 GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. 25896537 5 20 theme particle 909:916 arg1 size 918:921 particle size 909:921 particle size 909:921 The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. 25896537 2 21 theme GOX-MS 464:469 arg1 efficacy 452:459 the efficacy 448:459 the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells 448:516 The purpose of present work was to optimize the design and thus enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. 25896537 6 22 theme murine 1172:1177 arg1 cancer 1186:1191 murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells 1172:1238 cancer 1186:1191 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 7 23 theme confocal 1258:1265 arg1 microscopy 1282:1291 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy 1241:1291 microscopy 1282:1291 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 0 24 theme bioreactive 49:59 arg1 oxidase-microspheres 69:88 bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres 49:88 bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres 49:88 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 1 25 theme Glucose 165:171 arg1 GOX 182:184 GOX 182:184 GOX 182:184 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 25896537 1 25 theme Glucose 165:171 arg1 oxidase 173:179 Glucose oxidase 165:179 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) 165:241 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 25896537 0 26 theme oxidase-microspheres 69:88 arg1 design 15:20 design 15:20 design 15:20 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 0 26 theme oxidase-microspheres 69:88 arg1 evaluation 35:44 in vitro evaluation 26:44 in vitro evaluation 26:44 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 7 27 theme sized 1330:1334 arg1 GOX-MS 1343:1348 small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS 1324:1348 small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS 1324:1348 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 0 28 theme enhanced 94:101 arg1 cytotoxicity 103:114 enhanced cytotoxicity 94:114 enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells 94:162 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 5 29 theme ROS 943:945 arg1 generation 947:956 ROS generation 943:956 ROS generation 943:956 The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. 25896537 2 30 theme multidrug 479:487 arg1 cells 512:516 multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells 479:516 multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells 479:516 The purpose of present work was to optimize the design and thus enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. 25896537 6 31 theme same 1029:1032 arg1 dose 1038:1041 the same GOX dose 1025:1041 the same GOX dose 1025:1041 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 4 32 theme relative 751:758 arg1 bioactivity 760:770 relative bioactivity 751:770 relative bioactivity of GOX-MS 751:780 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 11 33 theme cancer 1813:1818 arg1 cells 1820:1824 MDR breast cancer cells 1802:1824 MDR breast cancer cells 1802:1824 These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells. 25896537 7 34 theme significant 1302:1312 arg1 uptake 1314:1319 significant uptake 1302:1319 significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells 1302:1373 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 4 35 theme loading 716:722 arg1 efficiency 724:733 The GOX loading efficiency 708:733 The GOX loading efficiency 708:733 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 11 36 theme MDR 1802:1804 arg1 cells 1820:1824 MDR breast cancer cells 1802:1824 MDR breast cancer cells 1802:1824 These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells. 25896537 3 37 with GOX-MS 519:524 arg1 diameters 546:554 different mean diameters 531:554 different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm 531:573 GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. 25896537 2 38 dep optimize 411:418 arg1 enhance 440:446 enhance 440:446 enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells 440:516 The purpose of present work was to optimize the design and thus enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. 25896537 2 39 theme work 399:402 arg1 purpose 380:386 The purpose 376:386 The purpose of present work 376:402 The purpose of present work was to optimize the design and thus enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. 25896537 1 40 theme oxygen 294:299 arg1 ROS 310:312 ROS 310:312 ROS 310:312 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 25896537 1 40 theme oxygen 294:299 arg1 species 301:307 reactive oxygen species 285:307 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 285:313 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 25896537 7 41 theme laser 1267:1271 arg1 microscopy 1282:1291 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy 1241:1291 microscopy 1282:1291 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 8 42 theme killing 1462:1468 arg1 cells 1479:1483 killing both MDR cells 1462:1483 cells 1479:1483 The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. 25896537 4 43 theme GOX 787:789 arg1 leakage 791:797 GOX leakage 787:797 GOX leakage 787:797 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 0 44 theme in 26:27 arg1 evaluation 35:44 in vitro evaluation 26:44 in vitro evaluation 26:44 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 11 45 theme micron-sized 1753:1764 arg1 GOX-MS 1766:1771 the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS 1732:1771 GOX-MS 1766:1771 These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells. 25896537 11 45 theme micron-sized 1753:1764 arg1 effective 1784:1792 effective 1784:1792 effective 1784:1792 These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells. 25896537 7 46 theme GOX-MS 1417:1422 arg1 uptake 1392:1397 cellular uptake 1383:1397 cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS 1383:1422 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 0 47 dep in 26:27 arg1 vitro 29:33 vitro 29:33 vitro 29:33 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 3 48 theme coating 651:657 arg1 method 659:664 an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method 595:664 an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method 595:664 GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. 25896537 0 49 dep design 15:20 arg1 the 11:13 the 11:13 the 11:13 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 3 50 theme emulsification-internal 598:620 arg1 method 659:664 an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method 595:664 an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method 595:664 GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. 25896537 5 51 theme underlying 982:991 arg1 mechanisms 993:1002 their underlying mechanisms 976:1002 their underlying mechanisms 976:1002 The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. 25896537 6 52 theme sized 1072:1076 arg1 GOX-MS 1078:1083 smaller sized GOX-MS 1064:1083 smaller sized GOX-MS 1064:1083 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 10 53 theme membrane 1634:1641 arg1 damage 1643:1648 greater membrane damage 1626:1648 greater membrane damage 1626:1648 GOX-MS induced greater membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in MDR cells than the WT cells. 25896537 8 54 from cells 1479:1483 arg1 GOX-MS 1429:1434 The GOX-MS 1425:1434 The GOX-MS 1425:1434 The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. 25896537 8 54 from cells 1479:1483 arg1 effective 1449:1457 effective 1449:1457 effective 1449:1457 The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. 25896537 10 55 theme MDR 1676:1678 arg1 cells 1680:1684 MDR cells 1676:1684 MDR cells 1676:1684 GOX-MS induced greater membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in MDR cells than the WT cells. 25896537 7 56 theme cellular 1383:1390 arg1 uptake 1392:1397 cellular uptake 1383:1397 cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS 1383:1422 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 6 57 theme greater 1144:1150 arg1 cytotoxicity 1152:1163 greater cytotoxicity 1144:1163 greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells 1144:1238 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 6 58 theme wild 1214:1217 arg1 type 1219:1222 wild type 1214:1222 wild type (EMT6/WT) cells 1214:1238 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 6 58 theme wild 1214:1217 arg1 EMT6/WT 1225:1231 EMT6/WT 1225:1231 EMT6/WT 1225:1231 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 10 59 theme WT 1695:1696 arg1 cells 1698:1702 the WT cells 1691:1702 the WT cells 1691:1702 GOX-MS induced greater membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in MDR cells than the WT cells. 25896537 9 60 theme lipid 1591:1595 arg1 peroxidation 1597:1608 lipid peroxidation 1591:1608 lipid peroxidation 1591:1608 The cytotoxicity of the GOX formulations was positively correlated with membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. 25896537 6 61 theme cell 1120:1123 arg1 medium 1133:1138 cell culture medium 1120:1138 cell culture medium 1120:1138 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 0 62 theme breast 144:149 arg1 cells 158:162 multidrug resistant breast cancer cells 124:162 multidrug resistant breast cancer cells 124:162 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 1 63 theme alginate-chitosan 203:219 arg1 microspheres 221:232 alginate-chitosan microspheres 203:232 alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) 203:241 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 25896537 1 63 theme alginate-chitosan 203:219 arg1 GOX-MS 235:240 GOX-MS 235:240 GOX-MS 235:240 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 25896537 2 64 theme cancer 505:510 arg1 cells 512:516 multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells 479:516 multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells 479:516 The purpose of present work was to optimize the design and thus enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. 25896537 6 65 theme H2O2 1112:1115 arg1 H2O2 1112:1115 H2O2 1112:1115 H2O2 1112:1115 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 6 65 theme H2O2 1112:1115 arg1 amounts 1101:1107 larger amounts 1094:1107 larger amounts of H2O2 1094:1115 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 2 66 theme MDR 500:502 arg1 cells 512:516 multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells 479:516 multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells 479:516 The purpose of present work was to optimize the design and thus enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. 25896537 11 67 theme optimized 1736:1744 arg1 GOX-MS 1766:1771 the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS 1732:1771 GOX-MS 1766:1771 These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells. 25896537 11 67 theme optimized 1736:1744 arg1 effective 1784:1792 effective 1784:1792 effective 1784:1792 These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells. 25896537 3 68 theme mean 541:544 arg1 diameters 546:554 different mean diameters 531:554 different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm 531:573 GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. 25896537 4 69 from concentrations 836:849 arg1 solution 866:873 the coating solution 854:873 the coating solution 854:873 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 8 70 dep killing 1462:1468 arg1 both 1470:1473 both 1470:1473 both 1470:1473 The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. 25896537 7 71 dep cells 1369:1373 arg1 both 1353:1356 both 1353:1356 both 1353:1356 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 7 71 dep cells 1369:1373 arg1 WT 1366:1367 WT 1366:1367 WT 1366:1367 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 6 72 theme breast 1179:1184 arg1 cancer 1186:1191 murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells 1172:1238 cancer 1186:1191 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 0 73 theme glucose 61:67 arg1 oxidase-microspheres 69:88 bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres 49:88 bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres 49:88 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 7 74 dep both 1353:1356 arg1 MDR 1358:1360 MDR 1358:1360 MDR 1358:1360 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 1 75 theme anticancer 335:344 arg1 effects 346:352 anticancer effects 335:352 anticancer effects 335:352 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 25896537 2 76 theme resistant 489:497 arg1 cells 512:516 multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells 479:516 multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells 479:516 The purpose of present work was to optimize the design and thus enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. 25896537 4 77 theme loading 736:742 arg1 level 744:748 loading level 736:748 loading level 736:748 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 0 78 theme multidrug 124:132 arg1 cells 158:162 multidrug resistant breast cancer cells 124:162 multidrug resistant breast cancer cells 124:162 Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. 25896537 5 79 theme size 918:921 arg1 influence 896:904 The influence 892:904 The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms 892:1002 The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. 25896537 7 80 theme scanning 1273:1280 arg1 microscopy 1282:1291 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy 1241:1291 microscopy 1282:1291 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 4 81 theme GOX 712:714 arg1 efficiency 724:733 The GOX loading efficiency 708:733 The GOX loading efficiency 708:733 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 11 82 theme breast 1806:1811 arg1 cells 1820:1824 MDR breast cancer cells 1802:1824 MDR breast cancer cells 1802:1824 These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells. 25896537 1 83 theme reactive 285:292 arg1 ROS 310:312 ROS 310:312 ROS 310:312 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 25896537 1 83 theme reactive 285:292 arg1 species 301:307 reactive oxygen species 285:307 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 285:313 Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 25896537 5 84 from influence 896:904 arg1 cytotoxicity 959:970 cytotoxicity 959:970 cytotoxicity 959:970 The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. 25896537 5 84 from influence 896:904 arg1 uptake 935:940 cellular uptake 926:940 cellular uptake 926:940 The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. 25896537 5 84 from influence 896:904 arg1 generation 947:956 ROS generation 943:956 ROS generation 943:956 The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. 25896537 5 84 from influence 896:904 arg1 mechanisms 993:1002 their underlying mechanisms 976:1002 their underlying mechanisms 976:1002 The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. 25896537 5 85 theme cellular 926:933 arg1 uptake 935:940 cellular uptake 926:940 cellular uptake 926:940 The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. 25896537 6 86 theme GOX 1034:1036 arg1 dose 1038:1041 the same GOX dose 1025:1041 the same GOX dose 1025:1041 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 2 87 theme present 391:397 arg1 work 399:402 present work 391:402 present work 391:402 The purpose of present work was to optimize the design and thus enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. 25896537 7 88 theme Fluorescence 1241:1252 arg1 microscopy 1282:1291 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy 1241:1291 microscopy 1282:1291 Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. 25896537 3 89 theme μm 572:573 arg1 diameters 546:554 different mean diameters 531:554 different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm 531:573 GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. 25896537 4 90 theme optimal 819:825 arg1 concentrations 836:849 optimal chitosan concentrations 819:849 optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution 819:873 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 8 91 from cells 1492:1496 arg1 GOX-MS 1429:1434 The GOX-MS 1425:1434 The GOX-MS 1425:1434 The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. 25896537 8 91 from cells 1492:1496 arg1 effective 1449:1457 effective 1449:1457 effective 1449:1457 The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. 25896537 8 92 theme WT 1489:1490 arg1 cells 1492:1496 WT cells 1489:1496 WT cells 1489:1496 The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. 25896537 3 93 theme gelation-adsorption-chitosan 622:649 arg1 method 659:664 an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method 595:664 an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method 595:664 GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. 25896537 9 94 theme formulations 1527:1538 arg1 cytotoxicity 1503:1514 The cytotoxicity 1499:1514 The cytotoxicity of the GOX formulations 1499:1538 The cytotoxicity of the GOX formulations was positively correlated with membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. 25896537 6 95 theme larger 1094:1099 arg1 H2O2 1112:1115 H2O2 1112:1115 H2O2 1112:1115 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 6 95 theme larger 1094:1099 arg1 amounts 1101:1107 larger amounts 1094:1107 larger amounts of H2O2 1094:1115 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 11 96 theme small 1747:1751 arg1 GOX-MS 1766:1771 the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS 1732:1771 GOX-MS 1766:1771 These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells. 25896537 11 96 theme small 1747:1751 arg1 effective 1784:1792 effective 1784:1792 effective 1784:1792 These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells. 25896537 9 97 theme GOX 1523:1525 arg1 formulations 1527:1538 the GOX formulations 1519:1538 the GOX formulations 1519:1538 The cytotoxicity of the GOX formulations was positively correlated with membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. 25896537 6 98 theme incubation 1047:1056 arg1 time 1058:1061 incubation time 1047:1061 incubation time 1047:1061 At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. 25896537 4 99 theme GOX-MS 775:780 arg1 efficiency 724:733 The GOX loading efficiency 708:733 The GOX loading efficiency 708:733 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 4 99 theme GOX-MS 775:780 arg1 level 744:748 loading level 736:748 loading level 736:748 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 4 99 theme GOX-MS 775:780 arg1 bioactivity 760:770 relative bioactivity 751:770 relative bioactivity of GOX-MS 751:780 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 25896537 4 99 theme GOX-MS 775:780 arg1 leakage 791:797 GOX leakage 787:797 GOX leakage 787:797 The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. 29332791 2 0 theme good 621:624 arg1 ability 642:648 good anion transport ability 621:648 good anion transport ability 621:648 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 5 1 theme carbon 1604:1609 arg1 electrode 1611:1619 glass carbon electrode 1598:1619 glass carbon electrode 1598:1619 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 4 2 theme AuNPs 1349:1353 arg1 OH 1360:1361 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1349:1363 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1349:1363 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 0 3 with nanocomposite 96:108 arg1 architecture 118:129 3D architecture 115:129 3D architecture 115:129 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 0 3 with nanocomposite 96:108 arg1 properties 146:155 tailorable properties 135:155 tailorable properties 135:155 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 1 4 theme materials 289:297 arg1 convenient 338:347 convenient 338:347 convenient 338:347 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 1 4 theme materials 289:297 arg1 structure 276:284 the structure 272:284 the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient 272:361 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 2 5 theme transport 632:640 arg1 ability 642:648 good anion transport ability 621:648 good anion transport ability 621:648 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 3 6 theme decorated 1042:1050 arg1 OH 1057:1058 OH 1057:1058 OH 1057:1058 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 6 theme decorated 1042:1050 arg1 α-Ni 1069:1072 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 6 theme decorated 1042:1050 arg1 α-Ni 1052:1055 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 1022:1060 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) 1022:1078 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 7 theme gold 808:811 arg1 AuNPs 828:832 AuNPs 828:832 AuNPs 828:832 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 7 theme gold 808:811 arg1 nanoparticles 813:825 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles 794:825 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 794:833 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 2 8 theme stacking 681:688 arg1 faults 690:695 its distinctive stacking faults 665:695 its distinctive stacking faults 665:695 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 3 9 theme resultant 1026:1034 arg1 OH 1057:1058 OH 1057:1058 OH 1057:1058 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 9 theme resultant 1026:1034 arg1 α-Ni 1069:1072 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 9 theme resultant 1026:1034 arg1 α-Ni 1052:1055 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 1022:1060 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) 1022:1078 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 5 10 theme prepared 1572:1579 arg1 nanocomposite 1581:1593 the prepared nanocomposite 1568:1593 the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode 1568:1619 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 1 11 theme glucose 527:533 arg1 sensor 535:540 non-enzymatic glucose sensor 513:540 non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time 513:559 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 5 12 theme prepared 1838:1845 arg1 nanocomposite 1847:1859 prepared nanocomposite 1838:1859 prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design 1838:1941 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 5 12 theme prepared 1838:1845 arg1 strategy 1959:1966 an effective strategy 1946:1966 an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance 1946:2029 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 2 13 theme specific 594:601 arg1 areas 611:615 high specific surface areas 589:615 high specific surface areas 589:615 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 4 14 theme 2D 1368:1369 arg1 transport 1380:1388 2D electron transport 1368:1388 2D electron transport channels 1368:1397 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 0 15 theme tailorable 135:144 arg1 properties 146:155 tailorable properties 135:155 tailorable properties 135:155 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 1 16 theme ordered 237:243 arg1 architecture 248:259 ordered 3D architecture 237:259 ordered 3D architecture 237:259 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 4 17 dep proportion 1296:1305 arg1 reduce 1310:1315 reduce 1310:1315 to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels 1307:1397 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 4 17 dep proportion 1296:1305 arg1 improve 1407:1413 improve 1407:1413 to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure 1404:1504 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 4 18 theme α-Ni 1355:1358 arg1 OH 1360:1361 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1349:1363 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1349:1363 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 3 19 contain possess 954:960 arg2 activity 983:990 the higher catalytic activity 962:990 the higher catalytic activity 962:990 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 19 contain possess 954:960 arg1 OH 888:889 OH 888:889 OH 888:889 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 19 contain possess 954:960 arg1 α-Ni 883:886 flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 871:891 flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity 871:930 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 19 contain possess 954:960 arg1 AuNPs 942:946 AuNPs 942:946 AuNPs 942:946 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 2 20 theme hydrothermal 773:784 arg1 method 786:791 facile one-step hydrothermal method 757:791 facile one-step hydrothermal method 757:791 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 4 21 theme OH 1360:1361 arg1 channels 1390:1397 2D electron transport channels 1368:1397 2D electron transport channels 1368:1397 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 4 21 theme OH 1360:1361 arg1 resistance 1335:1344 the interparticle resistance 1317:1344 the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1317:1363 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 0 22 theme controllable 169:180 arg1 way 182:184 controllable way 169:184 controllable way 169:184 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 2 23 theme facile 757:762 arg1 method 786:791 facile one-step hydrothermal method 757:791 facile one-step hydrothermal method 757:791 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 1 24 theme controllable 483:494 arg1 way 496:498 controllable way 483:498 controllable way 483:498 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 2 25 theme Flower-like 562:572 arg1 OH 579:580 OH 579:580 OH 579:580 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 2 25 theme Flower-like 562:572 arg1 α-Ni 574:577 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 562:582 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability 562:648 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 4 26 theme film-forming 1415:1426 arg1 ability 1428:1434 film-forming ability 1415:1434 film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite 1415:1464 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 5 27 theme nanoscale 1878:1886 arg1 composition 1888:1898 nanoscale composition 1878:1898 nanoscale composition 1878:1898 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 4 28 theme transport 1380:1388 arg1 channels 1390:1397 2D electron transport channels 1368:1397 2D electron transport channels 1368:1397 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 4 28 theme transport 1380:1388 arg1 resistance 1335:1344 the interparticle resistance 1317:1344 the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1317:1363 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 0 29 theme novel 90:94 arg1 nanocomposite 96:108 drop-casting novel nanocomposite 77:108 drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way 77:184 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 3 30 theme @ 1068:1068 arg1 OH 1074:1075 OH 1074:1075 OH 1074:1075 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 30 theme @ 1068:1068 arg1 α-Ni 1052:1055 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 1022:1060 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) 1022:1078 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 30 theme @ 1068:1068 arg1 α-Ni 1069:1072 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 1 31 theme Novel 187:191 arg1 nanocomposite 193:205 Novel nanocomposite 187:205 Novel nanocomposite 187:205 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 2 32 theme turbostratic 701:712 arg1 structure 723:731 turbostratic disorder structure 701:731 turbostratic disorder structure 701:731 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 1 33 theme uncontrollable 413:426 arg1 process 440:446 the uncontrollable preparation process 409:446 the uncontrollable preparation process 409:446 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 4 34 theme stable 1478:1483 arg1 structure 1496:1504 stable 3D network structure 1478:1504 stable 3D network structure 1478:1504 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 5 35 theme effective 1949:1957 arg1 nanocomposite 1847:1859 prepared nanocomposite 1838:1859 prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design 1838:1941 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 5 35 theme effective 1949:1957 arg1 strategy 1959:1966 an effective strategy 1946:1966 an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance 1946:2029 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 5 36 theme Non-enzymatic 1507:1519 arg1 sensor 1529:1534 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor 1507:1534 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode 1507:1619 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 4 37 theme reduced 1200:1206 arg1 β-rGO 1224:1228 β-rGO 1224:1228 β-rGO 1224:1228 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 4 37 theme reduced 1200:1206 arg1 oxide 1217:1221 reduced graphene oxide 1200:1221 reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) 1200:1229 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 3 38 theme catalytic 973:981 arg1 activity 983:990 the higher catalytic activity 962:990 the higher catalytic activity 962:990 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 5 39 theme concentration 1679:1691 arg1 range 1693:1697 the low concentration range 1671:1697 the low concentration range 1671:1697 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 4 40 theme obtained 1443:1450 arg1 nanocomposite 1452:1464 the obtained nanocomposite 1439:1464 the obtained nanocomposite 1439:1464 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 0 41 theme non-enzymatic 34:46 arg1 sensor 56:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor 0:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor 0:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 3 42 theme flower-like 871:881 arg1 OH 888:889 OH 888:889 OH 888:889 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 42 theme flower-like 871:881 arg1 α-Ni 883:886 flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 871:891 flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity 871:930 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 5 43 theme comparable 1758:1767 arg1 range 1751:1755 the higher concentration range 1726:1755 the higher concentration range 1726:1755 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 4 44 theme optimized 1286:1294 arg1 proportion 1296:1305 optimized proportion 1286:1305 optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure 1286:1504 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 5 45 theme rational 1927:1934 arg1 design 1936:1941 rational design 1927:1941 rational design 1927:1941 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 1 46 theme similar 261:267 arg1 properties 222:231 tailorable properties 211:231 tailorable properties 211:231 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 3 47 theme synergistic 1099:1109 arg1 effect 1121:1126 excellent synergistic catalytic effect 1089:1126 excellent synergistic catalytic effect 1089:1126 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 5 48 from nanocomposite 1581:1593 arg1 electrode 1611:1619 glass carbon electrode 1598:1619 glass carbon electrode 1598:1619 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 4 49 theme network 1488:1494 arg1 structure 1496:1504 stable 3D network structure 1478:1504 stable 3D network structure 1478:1504 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 5 50 theme glass 1598:1602 arg1 electrode 1611:1619 glass carbon electrode 1598:1619 glass carbon electrode 1598:1619 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 4 51 theme interparticle 1321:1333 arg1 channels 1390:1397 2D electron transport channels 1368:1397 2D electron transport channels 1368:1397 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 4 51 theme interparticle 1321:1333 arg1 resistance 1335:1344 the interparticle resistance 1317:1344 the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1317:1363 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 3 52 theme improved 1132:1139 arg1 selectivity 1141:1151 improved selectivity 1132:1151 improved selectivity 1132:1151 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 53 theme AuNPs 1036:1040 arg1 OH 1057:1058 OH 1057:1058 OH 1057:1058 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 53 theme AuNPs 1036:1040 arg1 α-Ni 1069:1072 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 53 theme AuNPs 1036:1040 arg1 α-Ni 1052:1055 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 1022:1060 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) 1022:1078 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 2 54 theme anion 626:630 arg1 ability 642:648 good anion transport ability 621:648 good anion transport ability 621:648 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 5 55 theme electrochemical 1981:1995 arg1 sensor 1997:2002 electrochemical sensor 1981:2002 electrochemical sensor 1981:2002 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 1 56 theme non-enzymatic 513:525 arg1 sensor 535:540 non-enzymatic glucose sensor 513:540 non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time 513:559 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 2 57 theme distinctive 669:679 arg1 faults 690:695 its distinctive stacking faults 665:695 its distinctive stacking faults 665:695 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 3 58 theme Oversaturated 794:806 arg1 AuNPs 828:832 AuNPs 828:832 AuNPs 828:832 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 58 theme Oversaturated 794:806 arg1 nanoparticles 813:825 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles 794:825 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 794:833 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 1 59 theme tailorable 211:220 arg1 properties 222:231 tailorable properties 211:231 tailorable properties 211:231 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 5 60 theme electrodeposition 1796:1812 arg1 method 1814:1819 electrodeposition method 1796:1819 electrodeposition method 1796:1819 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 2 61 theme high 589:592 arg1 areas 611:615 high specific surface areas 589:615 high specific surface areas 589:615 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 3 62 contain has 1085:1087 arg2 effect 1121:1126 excellent synergistic catalytic effect 1089:1126 excellent synergistic catalytic effect 1089:1126 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 62 contain has 1085:1087 arg1 OH 1057:1058 OH 1057:1058 OH 1057:1058 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 62 contain has 1085:1087 arg1 α-Ni 1069:1072 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 62 contain has 1085:1087 arg1 α-Ni 1052:1055 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 1022:1060 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) 1022:1078 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 62 contain has 1085:1087 arg2 selectivity 1141:1151 improved selectivity 1132:1151 improved selectivity 1132:1151 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 63 dep α-Ni 883:886 arg1 improve 896:902 improve 896:902 to improve the electrical conductivity 893:930 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 1 64 theme 3D 245:246 arg1 architecture 248:259 ordered 3D architecture 237:259 ordered 3D architecture 237:259 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 5 65 theme high 1625:1628 arg1 sensitivity 1630:1640 high sensitivity 1625:1640 high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 1625:1719 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 4 66 theme @ 1354:1354 arg1 OH 1360:1361 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1349:1363 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1349:1363 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 2 67 theme one-step 764:771 arg1 method 786:791 facile one-step hydrothermal method 757:791 facile one-step hydrothermal method 757:791 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 2 68 theme surface 603:609 arg1 areas 611:615 high specific surface areas 589:615 high specific surface areas 589:615 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 0 69 theme drop-casting 77:88 arg1 nanocomposite 96:108 drop-casting novel nanocomposite 77:108 drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way 77:184 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 3 70 theme electrical 908:917 arg1 conductivity 919:930 the electrical conductivity 904:930 the electrical conductivity 904:930 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 5 71 theme higher 1730:1735 arg1 range 1751:1755 the higher concentration range 1726:1755 the higher concentration range 1726:1755 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 3 72 theme AuNPs 1063:1067 arg1 OH 1074:1075 OH 1074:1075 OH 1074:1075 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 72 theme AuNPs 1063:1067 arg1 α-Ni 1052:1055 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 1022:1060 the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) 1022:1078 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 72 theme AuNPs 1063:1067 arg1 α-Ni 1069:1072 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 1063:1077 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 2 73 theme disorder 714:721 arg1 structure 723:731 turbostratic disorder structure 701:731 turbostratic disorder structure 701:731 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 4 74 theme electron 1371:1378 arg1 transport 1380:1388 2D electron transport 1368:1388 2D electron transport channels 1368:1397 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 0 75 theme 3D 115:116 arg1 architecture 118:129 3D architecture 115:129 3D architecture 115:129 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 3 76 theme higher 966:971 arg1 activity 983:990 the higher catalytic activity 962:990 the higher catalytic activity 962:990 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 4 77 theme nanocomposite 1452:1464 arg1 ability 1428:1434 film-forming ability 1415:1434 film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite 1415:1464 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 0 78 theme sensitive 7:15 arg1 sensor 56:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor 0:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor 0:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 1 79 theme preparation 428:438 arg1 process 440:446 the uncontrollable preparation process 409:446 the uncontrollable preparation process 409:446 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 2 80 with α-Ni 574:577 arg1 ability 642:648 good anion transport ability 621:648 good anion transport ability 621:648 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 2 80 with α-Ni 574:577 arg1 areas 611:615 high specific surface areas 589:615 high specific surface areas 589:615 Flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 with high specific surface areas and good anion transport ability benefited from its distinctive stacking faults and turbostratic disorder structure was synthesized through facile one-step hydrothermal method. 29332791 4 81 theme graphene 1208:1215 arg1 β-rGO 1224:1228 β-rGO 1224:1228 β-rGO 1224:1228 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 4 81 theme graphene 1208:1215 arg1 oxide 1217:1221 reduced graphene oxide 1200:1221 reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) 1200:1229 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 0 82 theme reproducible 21:32 arg1 sensor 56:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor 0:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor 0:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 5 83 theme glucose 1521:1527 arg1 sensor 1529:1534 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor 1507:1534 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode 1507:1619 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 5 84 theme low 1675:1677 arg1 range 1693:1697 the low concentration range 1671:1697 the low concentration range 1671:1697 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 0 85 theme glucose 48:54 arg1 sensor 56:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor 0:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor 0:61 Highly sensitive and reproducible non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated by drop-casting novel nanocomposite with 3D architecture and tailorable properties prepared in controllable way. 29332791 1 86 contain has 207:209 arg2 architecture 248:259 ordered 3D architecture 237:259 ordered 3D architecture 237:259 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 1 86 contain has 207:209 arg1 nanocomposite 193:205 Novel nanocomposite 187:205 Novel nanocomposite 187:205 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 1 86 contain has 207:209 arg2 properties 222:231 tailorable properties 211:231 tailorable properties 211:231 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 1 87 theme first 550:554 arg1 time 556:559 the first time 546:559 the first time 546:559 Novel nanocomposite has tailorable properties and ordered 3D architecture similar to the structure of materials prepared by electrodeposition which is convenient and efficient but the reproducibility is limited because of the uncontrollable preparation process, was scientifically synthetized in controllable way and used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor for the first time. 29332791 3 88 theme catalytic 1111:1119 arg1 effect 1121:1126 excellent synergistic catalytic effect 1089:1126 excellent synergistic catalytic effect 1089:1126 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 3 89 dep decorated 858:866 arg1 so 1019:1020 so 1019:1020 so 1019:1020 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 4 90 theme enhanced 1236:1243 arg1 dispersivity 1245:1256 enhanced dispersivity 1236:1256 enhanced dispersivity 1236:1256 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 3 91 theme excellent 1089:1097 arg1 effect 1121:1126 excellent synergistic catalytic effect 1089:1126 excellent synergistic catalytic effect 1089:1126 Oversaturated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been innovatively decorated on flower-like α-Ni(OH)2 to improve the electrical conductivity, in turn, AuNPs would possess the higher catalytic activity when supported on Ni(OH)2, so the resultant AuNPs decorated α-Ni(OH)2 (AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2) also has excellent synergistic catalytic effect and improved selectivity. 29332791 5 92 contain has 1621:1623 arg2 sensitivity 1630:1640 high sensitivity 1625:1640 high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 1625:1719 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 5 92 contain has 1621:1623 arg1 sensor 1529:1534 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor 1507:1534 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode 1507:1619 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 4 93 theme 3D 1485:1486 arg1 structure 1496:1504 stable 3D network structure 1478:1504 stable 3D network structure 1478:1504 On this basis, β-cyclodextrins functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-rGO) with enhanced dispersivity was scientifically added at optimized proportion to reduce the interparticle resistance of AuNPs@α-Ni(OH)2 as 2D electron transport channels, and to improve film-forming ability of the obtained nanocomposite via forming stable 3D network structure. 29332791 5 94 theme excellent 2009:2017 arg1 performance 2019:2029 excellent performance 2009:2029 excellent performance 2009:2029 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 29332791 5 95 theme concentration 1737:1749 arg1 range 1751:1755 the higher concentration range 1726:1755 the higher concentration range 1726:1755 Non-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated through drop-casting the prepared nanocomposite on glass carbon electrode has high sensitivity up to 559.314μAmM-1cm-2 over the low concentration range and 327.199μAmM-1cm-2 over the higher concentration range, comparable to the sensors modified by electrodeposition method, indicating that prepared nanocomposite with controlling nanoscale composition and architectures based on rational design is an effective strategy to construct electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. 27081846 11 0 theme R1-20T 1281:1286 arg1 merits 1288:1293 strain R1-20T merits 1274:1293 strain R1-20T merits 1274:1293 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 6 1 theme cultural 671:678 arg1 properties 724:733 cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties 671:733 cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties 671:733 However, the combination of cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain R1-20T from other Humibacter species. 27081846 8 2 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 1014:1031 arg1 acid 1005:1008 the diagnostic diamino acid 982:1008 the diagnostic diamino acid 982:1008 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 8 2 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 1014:1031 arg1 acid 1033:1036 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1014:1036 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1014:1036 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 4 3 theme growth 347:352 arg1 stages 337:342 the early stages 327:342 the early stages of growth 327:352 Colonies were dull white and convex with entire margin during the early stages of growth, and gradually became yellow. 27081846 5 4 with % 608:608 arg1 18994T 635:640 Humibacter albusDSM 18994T 615:640 Humibacter albusDSM 18994T 615:640 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 11 5 theme soli 1401:1404 arg1 sp 1406:1407 the name Humibacter soli sp 1381:1407 the name Humibacter soli sp 1381:1407 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 10 6 theme R1-20T 1142:1147 arg1 anteiso-C17  1154:1165 anteiso-C17  1154:1165 anteiso-C17  1154:1165 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 10 6 theme R1-20T 1142:1147 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T 1110:1147 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 7 7 theme menaquinone 903:913 arg1 quinone 891:897 the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 858:897 the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 858:897 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 7 7 theme menaquinone 903:913 arg1 MK-11 915:919 menaquinone MK-11 903:919 menaquinone MK-11 903:919 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 8 8 theme diagnostic 986:995 arg1 acid 1005:1008 the diagnostic diamino acid 982:1008 the diagnostic diamino acid 982:1008 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 8 8 theme diagnostic 986:995 arg1 acid 1033:1036 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1014:1036 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1014:1036 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 6 9 theme Humibacter 782:791 arg1 species 793:799 other Humibacter species 776:799 other Humibacter species 776:799 However, the combination of cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain R1-20T from other Humibacter species. 27081846 7 10 theme 65.5 mol 843:850 arg1 % 851:851 65.5 mol% 843:851 65.5 mol% 843:851 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 7 10 theme 65.5 mol 843:850 arg1 content 814:820 The DNA G+C content 802:820 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T 802:837 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 10 11 theme strain 1135:1140 arg1 R1-20T 1142:1147 strain R1-20T 1135:1147 strain R1-20T 1135:1147 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 4 12 with white 284:288 arg1 margin 313:318 entire margin 306:318 entire margin 306:318 Colonies were dull white and convex with entire margin during the early stages of growth, and gradually became yellow. 27081846 5 13 theme Humibacter 615:624 arg1 18994T 635:640 Humibacter albusDSM 18994T 615:640 Humibacter albusDSM 18994T 615:640 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 6 14 theme other 776:780 arg1 species 793:799 other Humibacter species 776:799 other Humibacter species 776:799 However, the combination of cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain R1-20T from other Humibacter species. 27081846 7 15 theme strain 825:830 arg1 R1-20T 832:837 strain R1-20T 825:837 strain R1-20T 825:837 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 7 16 theme respiratory 868:878 arg1 quinone 891:897 the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 858:897 the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 858:897 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 7 16 theme respiratory 868:878 arg1 MK-11 915:919 menaquinone MK-11 903:919 menaquinone MK-11 903:919 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 7 17 theme R1-20T 832:837 arg1 % 851:851 65.5 mol% 843:851 65.5 mol% 843:851 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 7 17 theme R1-20T 832:837 arg1 content 814:820 The DNA G+C content 802:820 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T 802:837 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 9 18 located present 1084:1090 arg2 glycine 1066:1072 glycine 1066:1072 glycine 1066:1072 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 9 18 located present 1084:1090 arg2 acid 1048:1051 Glutamic acid 1039:1051 Glutamic acid 1039:1051 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 9 18 located present 1084:1090 arg2 alanine 1054:1060 alanine 1054:1060 alanine 1054:1060 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 9 18 located present 1084:1090 arg1 wall 1104:1107 the cell wall 1095:1107 the cell wall 1095:1107 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 8 19 theme acetyl 965:970 arg1 type 972:975 acetyl type 965:975 acetyl type 965:975 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 8 20 theme diamino 997:1003 arg1 acid 1005:1008 the diagnostic diamino acid 982:1008 the diagnostic diamino acid 982:1008 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 8 20 theme diamino 997:1003 arg1 acid 1033:1036 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1014:1036 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1014:1036 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 5 21 theme sequence 511:518 arg1 similarity 520:529 sequence similarity 511:529 sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours 511:557 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 10 22 theme fatty 1120:1124 arg1 anteiso-C17  1154:1165 anteiso-C17  1154:1165 anteiso-C17  1154:1165 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 10 22 theme fatty 1120:1124 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T 1110:1147 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 2 23 from site 189:192 arg1 diversity 142:150 the bacterial diversity 128:150 the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site 128:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 2 23 from site 189:192 arg1 study 119:123 a study 117:123 a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site 117:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 0 24 theme soli 11:14 arg1 sp 16:17 Humibacter soli sp 0:17 Humibacter soli sp. 0:18 Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 9 25 attach present 1084:1090 arg2 glycine 1066:1072 glycine 1066:1072 glycine 1066:1072 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 9 25 attach present 1084:1090 arg1 wall 1104:1107 the cell wall 1095:1107 the cell wall 1095:1107 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 9 25 attach present 1084:1090 arg2 alanine 1054:1060 alanine 1054:1060 alanine 1054:1060 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 9 25 attach present 1084:1090 arg2 acid 1048:1051 Glutamic acid 1039:1051 Glutamic acid 1039:1051 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 5 26 theme Humibacter 576:585 arg1 % 608:608 Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % 576:608 Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T 576:640 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 6 27 theme strain 757:762 arg1 R1-20T 764:769 strain R1-20T 757:769 strain R1-20T 757:769 However, the combination of cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain R1-20T from other Humibacter species. 27081846 10 28 dep anteiso-C17  1154:1165 arg1  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 10 28 dep anteiso-C17  1154:1165 arg1  0 1167:1168  0 1167:1168  0 1167:1168 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 10 28 dep anteiso-C17  1154:1165 arg1 anteiso-C15  1187:1198 anteiso-C15  1187:1198 anteiso-C15  1187:1198 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 10 28 dep anteiso-C17  1154:1165 arg1  0 1180:1181  0 1180:1181  0 1180:1181 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 0 29 theme Humibacter 0:9 arg1 sp 16:17 Humibacter soli sp 0:17 Humibacter soli sp. 0:18 Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 2 30 theme novel 48:52 arg1 strain 70:75 A novel actinobacterial strain 46:75 A novel actinobacterial strain 46:75 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 5 31 theme antriD7-27Tand 587:600 arg1 % 608:608 Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % 576:608 Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T 576:640 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 7 32 theme isoprenoid 880:889 arg1 quinone 891:897 the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 858:897 the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 858:897 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 7 32 theme isoprenoid 880:889 arg1 MK-11 915:919 menaquinone MK-11 903:919 menaquinone MK-11 903:919 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 13 33 theme =KCTC 1455:1459 arg1 31015T 1472:1477 =KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T 1455:1477 =KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T 1455:1477 The type strain is R1-20T (=KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T). 27081846 13 33 theme =KCTC 1455:1459 arg1 R1-20T 1447:1452 R1-20T 1447:1452 R1-20T (=KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T) 1447:1478 The type strain is R1-20T (=KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T). 27081846 7 34 theme DNA 806:808 arg1 % 851:851 65.5 mol% 843:851 65.5 mol% 843:851 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 7 34 theme DNA 806:808 arg1 content 814:820 The DNA G+C content 802:820 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T 802:837 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 11 35 theme phylogenetic 1220:1231 arg1 analysis 1264:1271 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1220:1271 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1220:1271 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 11 36 theme analysis 1264:1271 arg1 recognition 1295:1305 recognition 1295:1305 recognition 1295:1305 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 4 37 theme early 331:335 arg1 stages 337:342 the early stages 327:342 the early stages of growth 327:352 Colonies were dull white and convex with entire margin during the early stages of growth, and gradually became yellow. 27081846 13 38 theme 39614T=JCM 1461:1470 arg1 31015T 1472:1477 =KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T 1455:1477 =KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T 1455:1477 The type strain is R1-20T (=KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T). 27081846 13 38 theme 39614T=JCM 1461:1470 arg1 R1-20T 1447:1452 R1-20T 1447:1452 R1-20T (=KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T) 1447:1478 The type strain is R1-20T (=KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T). 27081846 5 39 theme nearest 540:546 arg1 neighbours 548:557 its nearest neighbours 536:557 its nearest neighbours 536:557 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 9 40 from present 1084:1090 arg1 wall 1104:1107 the cell wall 1095:1107 the cell wall 1095:1107 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 9 41 theme cell 1099:1102 arg1 wall 1104:1107 the cell wall 1095:1107 the cell wall 1095:1107 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 11 42 theme novel 1332:1336 arg1 species 1338:1344 a novel species 1330:1344 a novel species 1330:1344 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 11 43 theme genus 1353:1357 arg1 Humibacter 1359:1368 the genus Humibacter 1349:1368 the genus Humibacter 1349:1368 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 5 44 with similarity 520:529 arg1 neighbours 548:557 its nearest neighbours 536:557 its nearest neighbours 536:557 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 2 45 theme diversity 142:150 arg1 study 119:123 a study 117:123 a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site 117:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 13 46 theme type 1432:1435 arg1 strain 1437:1442 The type strain 1428:1442 The type strain 1428:1442 The type strain is R1-20T (=KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T). 27081846 13 46 theme type 1432:1435 arg1 R1-20T 1447:1452 R1-20T 1447:1452 R1-20T (=KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T) 1447:1478 The type strain is R1-20T (=KCTC 39614T=JCM 31015T). 27081846 11 47 theme Humibacter 1359:1368 arg1 species 1338:1344 a novel species 1330:1344 a novel species 1330:1344 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 7 48 theme major 862:866 arg1 quinone 891:897 the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 858:897 the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 858:897 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 7 48 theme major 862:866 arg1 MK-11 915:919 menaquinone MK-11 903:919 menaquinone MK-11 903:919 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 8 49 theme peptidoglycan 944:956 arg1 group 931:935 The acyl group 922:935 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan 922:956 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 8 49 theme peptidoglycan 944:956 arg1 peptidoglycan 944:956 the peptidoglycan 940:956 the peptidoglycan 940:956 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 11 50 theme strain 1274:1279 arg1 merits 1288:1293 strain R1-20T merits 1274:1293 strain R1-20T merits 1274:1293 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 2 51 theme bacterial 132:140 arg1 diversity 142:150 the bacterial diversity 128:150 the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site 128:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 2 52 theme nesting 181:187 arg1 site 189:192 a white heron nesting site 167:192 a white heron nesting site 167:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 5 53 theme family 482:487 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 489:505 the family Microbacteriaceae 478:505 the family Microbacteriaceae 478:505 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 11 54 theme chemotaxonomic 1249:1262 arg1 analysis 1264:1271 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1220:1271 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1220:1271 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 5 55 theme albusDSM 626:633 arg1 18994T 635:640 Humibacter albusDSM 18994T 615:640 Humibacter albusDSM 18994T 615:640 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 11 56 theme Humibacter 1390:1399 arg1 sp 1406:1407 the name Humibacter soli sp 1381:1407 the name Humibacter soli sp 1381:1407 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 2 57 theme heron 175:179 arg1 site 189:192 a white heron nesting site 167:192 a white heron nesting site 167:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 5 58 theme Microbacteriaceae 489:505 arg1 Humibacter 464:473 the genus Humibacter 454:473 the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae 454:505 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 2 59 from study 119:123 arg1 site 189:192 a white heron nesting site 167:192 a white heron nesting site 167:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 11 60 theme species 1338:1344 arg1 representative 1312:1325 a representative 1310:1325 a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp 1310:1407 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 2 61 theme white 169:173 arg1 site 189:192 a white heron nesting site 167:192 a white heron nesting site 167:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 9 62 from wall 1104:1107 arg1 present 1084:1090 present 1084:1090 present 1084:1090 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 5 63 theme 16S 384:386 arg1 rRNA 388:391 16S rRNA 384:391 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 384:414 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 2 64 theme actinobacterial 54:68 arg1 strain 70:75 A novel actinobacterial strain 46:75 A novel actinobacterial strain 46:75 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 4 65 theme entire 306:311 arg1 margin 313:318 entire margin 306:318 entire margin 306:318 Colonies were dull white and convex with entire margin during the early stages of growth, and gradually became yellow. 27081846 5 66 with % 569:569 arg1 % 608:608 Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % 576:608 Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T 576:640 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 5 67 theme rRNA 388:391 arg1 analysis 407:414 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 384:414 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 384:414 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 6 68 theme chemotaxonomic 709:722 arg1 properties 724:733 cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties 671:733 cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties 671:733 However, the combination of cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain R1-20T from other Humibacter species. 27081846 11 69 dep analysis 1264:1271 arg1 the 1207:1209 the 1207:1209 the 1207:1209 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 11 69 dep analysis 1264:1271 arg1 basis 1211:1215 basis 1211:1215 basis 1211:1215 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 2 70 theme soil 159:162 arg1 diversity 142:150 the bacterial diversity 128:150 the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site 128:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated R1-20T, was isolated during a study of the bacterial diversity of the soil at a white heron nesting site. 27081846 6 71 theme properties 724:733 arg1 combination 656:666 the combination 652:666 the combination of cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties 652:733 However, the combination of cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain R1-20T from other Humibacter species. 27081846 5 72 theme genus 458:462 arg1 Humibacter 464:473 the genus Humibacter 454:473 the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae 454:505 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 7 73 theme G+C 810:812 arg1 % 851:851 65.5 mol% 843:851 65.5 mol% 843:851 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 7 73 theme G+C 810:812 arg1 content 814:820 The DNA G+C content 802:820 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T 802:837 The DNA G+C content of strain R1-20T was 65.5 mol%, and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-11. 27081846 5 74 theme gene 393:396 arg1 analysis 407:414 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 384:414 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 384:414 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 9 75 theme Glutamic 1039:1046 arg1 acid 1048:1051 Glutamic acid 1039:1051 Glutamic acid 1039:1051 Glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were also present in the cell wall. 27081846 3 76 dep non-motile 211:220 arg1 rod-shaped 253:262 rod-shaped 253:262 rod-shaped 253:262 The isolate was non-motile, Gram-stain-positive and short rod-shaped. 27081846 3 76 dep non-motile 211:220 arg1 non-motile 211:220 non-motile 211:220 non-motile 211:220 The isolate was non-motile, Gram-stain-positive and short rod-shaped. 27081846 3 76 dep non-motile 211:220 arg1 isolate 199:205 The isolate 195:205 The isolate 195:205 The isolate was non-motile, Gram-stain-positive and short rod-shaped. 27081846 6 77 theme physiological 684:696 arg1 properties 724:733 cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties 671:733 cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties 671:733 However, the combination of cultural and physiological as well as chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain R1-20T from other Humibacter species. 27081846 5 78 theme sequence 398:405 arg1 analysis 407:414 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 384:414 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 384:414 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Humibacter of the family Microbacteriaceae, as sequence similarity with its nearest neighbours was 97.16 % with Humibacter antriD7-27Tand 96.44 % with Humibacter albusDSM 18994T. 27081846 10 79 theme major 1114:1118 arg1 anteiso-C17  1154:1165 anteiso-C17  1154:1165 anteiso-C17  1154:1165 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 10 79 theme major 1114:1118 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T 1110:1147 The major fatty acids of strain R1-20T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27081846 8 80 theme acyl 926:929 arg1 group 931:935 The acyl group 922:935 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan 922:956 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 8 80 theme acyl 926:929 arg1 peptidoglycan 944:956 the peptidoglycan 940:956 the peptidoglycan 940:956 The acyl group of the peptidoglycan was of acetyl type, and the diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 27081846 11 81 theme phenotypic 1234:1243 arg1 analysis 1264:1271 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1220:1271 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1220:1271 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27081846 11 82 theme name 1385:1388 arg1 sp 1406:1407 the name Humibacter soli sp 1381:1407 the name Humibacter soli sp 1381:1407 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain R1-20T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which the name Humibacter soli sp. 27040261 4 0 theme electron 682:689 arg1 microscopy 691:700 transmission electron microscopy 669:700 transmission electron microscopy 669:700 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 6 1 used used 1026:1029 arg2 template 1060:1067 template 1060:1067 template 1060:1067 The highest conductivity of PPy was reached when chondroitin sulfate was used simultaneously as dopant and template during pyrrole polymerization. 27040261 6 1 used used 1026:1029 arg2 sulfate 1014:1020 chondroitin sulfate 1002:1020 chondroitin sulfate 1002:1020 The highest conductivity of PPy was reached when chondroitin sulfate was used simultaneously as dopant and template during pyrrole polymerization. 27040261 6 1 used used 1026:1029 arg2 dopant 1049:1054 dopant 1049:1054 dopant 1049:1054 The highest conductivity of PPy was reached when chondroitin sulfate was used simultaneously as dopant and template during pyrrole polymerization. 27040261 0 2 theme sulfate 72:78 arg1 presence 48:55 the presence 44:55 the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin 44:116 Enzyme mediated synthesis of polypyrrole in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin. 27040261 7 3 theme amperometric 1195:1206 arg1 quantification 1208:1221 the amperometric quantification 1191:1221 the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations 1191:1249 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors were successfully used in the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations. 27040261 3 4 theme initial 483:489 arg1 composition 500:510 the initial reaction composition 479:510 the initial reaction composition 479:510 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. 27040261 0 5 theme mediators 90:98 arg1 presence 48:55 the presence 44:55 the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin 44:116 Enzyme mediated synthesis of polypyrrole in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin. 27040261 4 6 theme spectroscopic 801:813 arg1 techniques 815:824 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques 772:824 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques 772:824 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 2 7 theme enzymatic 279:287 arg1 reaction 297:304 an enzymatic cascade reaction 276:304 an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin 276:433 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 2 7 theme enzymatic 279:287 arg1 mechanism 263:271 The catalytic mechanism 249:271 The catalytic mechanism 249:271 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 3 8 theme electrical 544:553 arg1 conductivity 555:566 electrical conductivity 544:566 electrical conductivity 544:566 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. 27040261 0 9 theme redox 84:88 arg1 mediators 90:98 redox mediators 84:98 redox mediators of natural origin 84:116 Enzyme mediated synthesis of polypyrrole in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin. 27040261 3 10 dep yield 534:538 arg1 the 515:517 the 515:517 the 515:517 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. 27040261 0 11 theme natural 103:109 arg1 origin 111:116 natural origin 103:116 natural origin 103:116 Enzyme mediated synthesis of polypyrrole in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin. 27040261 4 12 theme chemical 714:721 arg1 structure 723:731 the chemical structure 710:731 the chemical structure 710:731 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 4 13 theme particles 611:619 arg1 Morphology 589:598 Morphology 589:598 Morphology of the PPy particles 589:619 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 4 14 theme infrared 792:799 arg1 techniques 815:824 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques 772:824 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques 772:824 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 4 15 theme electron 645:652 arg1 microscopy 654:663 scanning electron microscopy 636:663 scanning electron microscopy 636:663 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 8 16 theme screen-printed 1314:1327 arg1 electrodes 1329:1338 carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes 1298:1338 carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes 1298:1338 PPy increases the amperometric sensitivity of carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes toward uric acid detection. 27040261 5 17 theme PPy 948:950 arg1 structure 935:943 the electronic structure 920:943 the electronic structure of PPy 920:950 The redox mediators increased the polymerization yield without a significant modification of the electronic structure of PPy. 27040261 8 18 theme nanotube 1305:1312 arg1 electrodes 1329:1338 carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes 1298:1338 carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes 1298:1338 PPy increases the amperometric sensitivity of carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes toward uric acid detection. 27040261 4 19 theme transformed 780:790 arg1 techniques 815:824 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques 772:824 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques 772:824 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 1 20 theme enzyme 156:161 arg1 oxidation 172:180 enzyme mediated oxidation 156:180 enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators 156:246 Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators. 27040261 5 21 theme redox 831:835 arg1 mediators 837:845 The redox mediators 827:845 The redox mediators 827:845 The redox mediators increased the polymerization yield without a significant modification of the electronic structure of PPy. 27040261 3 22 theme composition 500:510 arg1 effect 469:474 The effect 465:474 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy 465:573 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. 27040261 7 23 theme natural 1146:1152 arg1 precursors 1154:1163 natural precursors 1146:1163 natural precursors 1146:1163 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors were successfully used in the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations. 27040261 2 24 from oxidizer 340:347 arg1 reaction 297:304 an enzymatic cascade reaction 276:304 an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin 276:433 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 2 24 from oxidizer 340:347 arg1 mechanism 263:271 The catalytic mechanism 249:271 The catalytic mechanism 249:271 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 2 24 from oxidizer 340:347 arg1 presence 380:387 the presence 376:387 the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin 376:433 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 1 25 theme mediated 163:170 arg1 oxidation 172:180 enzyme mediated oxidation 156:180 enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators 156:246 Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators. 27040261 6 26 theme pyrrole 1076:1082 arg1 polymerization 1084:1097 pyrrole polymerization 1076:1097 pyrrole polymerization 1076:1097 The highest conductivity of PPy was reached when chondroitin sulfate was used simultaneously as dopant and template during pyrrole polymerization. 27040261 7 27 theme acid 1231:1234 arg1 concentrations 1236:1249 uric acid concentrations 1226:1249 uric acid concentrations 1226:1249 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors were successfully used in the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations. 27040261 8 28 theme uric 1347:1350 arg1 detection 1357:1365 uric acid detection 1347:1365 uric acid detection 1347:1365 PPy increases the amperometric sensitivity of carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes toward uric acid detection. 27040261 2 29 from peroxidase 361:370 arg1 reaction 297:304 an enzymatic cascade reaction 276:304 an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin 276:433 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 2 29 from peroxidase 361:370 arg1 mechanism 263:271 The catalytic mechanism 249:271 The catalytic mechanism 249:271 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 2 29 from peroxidase 361:370 arg1 presence 380:387 the presence 376:387 the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin 376:433 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 4 30 theme Fourier 772:778 arg1 techniques 815:824 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques 772:824 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques 772:824 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 8 31 theme acid 1352:1355 arg1 detection 1357:1365 uric acid detection 1347:1365 uric acid detection 1347:1365 PPy increases the amperometric sensitivity of carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes toward uric acid detection. 27040261 2 32 theme vanillin 426:433 arg1 presence 380:387 the presence 376:387 the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin 376:433 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 3 33 from effect 469:474 arg1 yield 534:538 polymerization yield 519:538 polymerization yield 519:538 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. 27040261 3 33 from effect 469:474 arg1 conductivity 555:566 electrical conductivity 544:566 electrical conductivity 544:566 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. 27040261 2 34 theme syringaldehyde 408:421 arg1 presence 380:387 the presence 376:387 the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin 376:433 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 6 35 theme chondroitin 1002:1012 arg1 template 1060:1067 template 1060:1067 template 1060:1067 The highest conductivity of PPy was reached when chondroitin sulfate was used simultaneously as dopant and template during pyrrole polymerization. 27040261 6 35 theme chondroitin 1002:1012 arg1 dopant 1049:1054 dopant 1049:1054 dopant 1049:1054 The highest conductivity of PPy was reached when chondroitin sulfate was used simultaneously as dopant and template during pyrrole polymerization. 27040261 6 35 theme chondroitin 1002:1012 arg1 sulfate 1014:1020 chondroitin sulfate 1002:1020 chondroitin sulfate 1002:1020 The highest conductivity of PPy was reached when chondroitin sulfate was used simultaneously as dopant and template during pyrrole polymerization. 27040261 0 36 theme origin 111:116 arg1 sulfate 72:78 chondroitin sulfate 60:78 chondroitin sulfate 60:78 Enzyme mediated synthesis of polypyrrole in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin. 27040261 0 36 theme origin 111:116 arg1 mediators 90:98 redox mediators 84:98 redox mediators of natural origin 84:116 Enzyme mediated synthesis of polypyrrole in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin. 27040261 2 37 theme cascade 289:295 arg1 reaction 297:304 an enzymatic cascade reaction 276:304 an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin 276:433 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 2 37 theme cascade 289:295 arg1 mechanism 263:271 The catalytic mechanism 249:271 The catalytic mechanism 249:271 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 6 38 theme highest 957:963 arg1 conductivity 965:976 The highest conductivity 953:976 The highest conductivity of PPy 953:983 The highest conductivity of PPy was reached when chondroitin sulfate was used simultaneously as dopant and template during pyrrole polymerization. 27040261 1 39 theme pyrrole 185:191 arg1 oxidation 172:180 enzyme mediated oxidation 156:180 enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators 156:246 Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators. 27040261 7 40 theme uric 1226:1229 arg1 concentrations 1236:1249 uric acid concentrations 1226:1249 uric acid concentrations 1226:1249 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors were successfully used in the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations. 27040261 2 41 theme acetosyringone 392:405 arg1 presence 380:387 the presence 376:387 the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin 376:433 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 2 42 theme natural 446:452 arg1 catalysts 454:462 a natural catalysts 444:462 a natural catalysts 444:462 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 0 43 theme polypyrrole 29:39 arg1 synthesis 16:24 synthesis 16:24 synthesis of polypyrrole 16:39 Enzyme mediated synthesis of polypyrrole in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin. 27040261 7 44 theme concentrations 1236:1249 arg1 quantification 1208:1221 the amperometric quantification 1191:1221 the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations 1191:1249 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors were successfully used in the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations. 27040261 8 45 theme amperometric 1270:1281 arg1 sensitivity 1283:1293 the amperometric sensitivity 1266:1293 the amperometric sensitivity of carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes toward uric acid detection 1266:1365 PPy increases the amperometric sensitivity of carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes toward uric acid detection. 27040261 8 46 theme electrodes 1329:1338 arg1 sensitivity 1283:1293 the amperometric sensitivity 1266:1293 the amperometric sensitivity of carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes toward uric acid detection 1266:1365 PPy increases the amperometric sensitivity of carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes toward uric acid detection. 27040261 5 47 theme electronic 924:933 arg1 structure 935:943 the electronic structure 920:943 the electronic structure of PPy 920:950 The redox mediators increased the polymerization yield without a significant modification of the electronic structure of PPy. 27040261 7 48 theme Electroactive 1100:1112 arg1 properties 1114:1123 Electroactive properties 1100:1123 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors 1100:1163 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors were successfully used in the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations. 27040261 3 49 theme PPy 571:573 arg1 yield 534:538 polymerization yield 519:538 polymerization yield 519:538 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. 27040261 3 49 theme PPy 571:573 arg1 conductivity 555:566 electrical conductivity 544:566 electrical conductivity 544:566 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. 27040261 2 50 dep reaction 297:304 arg1 acts 436:439 acts 436:439 acts as a natural catalysts 436:462 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 7 51 theme PPy 1128:1130 arg1 properties 1114:1123 Electroactive properties 1100:1123 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors 1100:1163 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors were successfully used in the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations. 27040261 6 52 theme PPy 981:983 arg1 conductivity 965:976 The highest conductivity 953:976 The highest conductivity of PPy 953:983 The highest conductivity of PPy was reached when chondroitin sulfate was used simultaneously as dopant and template during pyrrole polymerization. 27040261 5 53 theme significant 892:902 arg1 modification 904:915 a significant modification 890:915 a significant modification of the electronic structure of PPy 890:950 The redox mediators increased the polymerization yield without a significant modification of the electronic structure of PPy. 27040261 2 54 theme catalytic 253:261 arg1 reaction 297:304 an enzymatic cascade reaction 276:304 an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin 276:433 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 2 54 theme catalytic 253:261 arg1 mechanism 263:271 The catalytic mechanism 249:271 The catalytic mechanism 249:271 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 4 55 theme transmission 669:680 arg1 microscopy 691:700 transmission electron microscopy 669:700 transmission electron microscopy 669:700 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 1 56 theme occurring 209:217 arg1 compounds 219:227 naturally occurring compounds 199:227 naturally occurring compounds 199:227 Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators. 27040261 1 56 theme occurring 209:217 arg1 mediators 238:246 redox mediators 232:246 redox mediators 232:246 Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators. 27040261 3 57 theme polymerization 519:532 arg1 yield 534:538 polymerization yield 519:538 polymerization yield 519:538 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. 27040261 4 58 theme X-ray 748:752 arg1 photoelectron 754:766 X-ray photoelectron 748:766 X-ray photoelectron 748:766 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 2 59 theme hydrogen 315:322 arg1 peroxide 324:331 hydrogen peroxide 315:331 hydrogen peroxide 315:331 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 2 59 theme hydrogen 315:322 arg1 oxidizer 340:347 the oxidizer 336:347 the oxidizer 336:347 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 8 60 theme carbon 1298:1303 arg1 electrodes 1329:1338 carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes 1298:1338 carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes 1298:1338 PPy increases the amperometric sensitivity of carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes toward uric acid detection. 27040261 0 61 theme chondroitin 60:70 arg1 sulfate 72:78 chondroitin sulfate 60:78 chondroitin sulfate 60:78 Enzyme mediated synthesis of polypyrrole in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and redox mediators of natural origin. 27040261 5 62 theme structure 935:943 arg1 modification 904:915 a significant modification 890:915 a significant modification of the electronic structure of PPy 890:950 The redox mediators increased the polymerization yield without a significant modification of the electronic structure of PPy. 27040261 5 63 theme polymerization 861:874 arg1 yield 876:880 the polymerization yield 857:880 the polymerization yield 857:880 The redox mediators increased the polymerization yield without a significant modification of the electronic structure of PPy. 27040261 3 64 theme reaction 491:498 arg1 composition 500:510 the initial reaction composition 479:510 the initial reaction composition 479:510 The effect of the initial reaction composition on the polymerization yield and electrical conductivity of PPy was analyzed. 27040261 4 65 theme scanning 636:643 arg1 microscopy 654:663 scanning electron microscopy 636:663 scanning electron microscopy 636:663 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 4 66 theme PPy 607:609 arg1 particles 611:619 the PPy particles 603:619 the PPy particles 603:619 Morphology of the PPy particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy whereas the chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic techniques. 27040261 7 67 used used 1183:1186 arg2 properties 1114:1123 Electroactive properties 1100:1123 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors 1100:1163 Electroactive properties of PPy obtained from natural precursors were successfully used in the amperometric quantification of uric acid concentrations. 27040261 2 68 theme soybean 353:359 arg1 peroxidase 361:370 soybean peroxidase 353:370 soybean peroxidase 353:370 The catalytic mechanism is an enzymatic cascade reaction in which hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizer and soybean peroxidase, in the presence of acetosyringone, syringaldehyde or vanillin, acts as a natural catalysts. 27040261 1 69 theme redox 232:236 arg1 compounds 219:227 naturally occurring compounds 199:227 naturally occurring compounds 199:227 Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators. 27040261 1 69 theme redox 232:236 arg1 mediators 238:246 redox mediators 232:246 redox mediators 232:246 Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by enzyme mediated oxidation of pyrrole using naturally occurring compounds as redox mediators. 24268836 18 0 theme protein 2215:2221 arg1 source 2223:2228 an imbalanced protein source 2201:2228 an imbalanced protein source 2201:2228 Adding feather meal to the diet by replacing MP isonitrogenously was more effective at lowering the solids-not-fat:fat ratio than increasing the MP content with an imbalanced protein source. 24268836 18 1 theme imbalanced 2204:2213 arg1 source 2223:2228 an imbalanced protein source 2201:2228 an imbalanced protein source 2201:2228 Adding feather meal to the diet by replacing MP isonitrogenously was more effective at lowering the solids-not-fat:fat ratio than increasing the MP content with an imbalanced protein source. 24268836 11 2 theme His 1410:1412 arg1 deficiency 1396:1405 a deficiency 1394:1405 a deficiency of His, Met, and Lys 1394:1426 We concluded that the DMI depression on HP-FM prevented an imbalance of excess AA over His, and created a deficiency of His, Met, and Lys compared with SP-C. 24268836 10 3 theme Predicted 1198:1206 arg1 flows 1208:1212 Predicted flows 1198:1212 Predicted flows of total digestible essential AA 1198:1245 Predicted flows of total digestible essential AA were not different between HP-FM and SP-C. 24268836 3 4 theme milk 447:450 arg1 composition 452:462 milk composition 447:462 milk composition 447:462 The objective of our study was to investigate dietary feather meal as a method for creating a His deficiency or imbalance to alter milk composition. 24268836 2 5 from protein 292:298 arg1 high 265:268 high 265:268 high 265:268 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 4 6 theme multiparous 517:527 arg1 cows 552:555 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows 515:555 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 515:597 Four dietary treatments were fed for 4 wk each to 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 24268836 8 7 theme matter 1010:1015 arg1 intake 1017:1022 Dry matter intake 1006:1022 Dry matter intake 1006:1022 Dry matter intake tended to decrease when feather meal was fed. 24268836 2 8 from low 304:306 arg1 His 311:313 His 311:313 His 311:313 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 16 9 theme higher 1883:1888 arg1 content 1894:1900 higher fat content 1883:1900 higher fat content 1883:1900 This resulted in a higher fat content and lower protein percentage on FM diets. 24268836 7 10 theme protein 949:955 arg1 sources 957:963 His-adequate protein sources 936:963 His-adequate protein sources 936:963 As an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM, a high-protein diet (HP-C) was formulated with His-adequate protein sources to provide the same MP content as HP-FM. 24268836 11 11 theme excess 1362:1367 arg1 AA 1369:1370 excess AA 1362:1370 excess AA 1362:1370 We concluded that the DMI depression on HP-FM prevented an imbalance of excess AA over His, and created a deficiency of His, Met, and Lys compared with SP-C. 24268836 2 12 theme inexpensive 237:247 arg1 source 257:262 an inexpensive protein source 234:262 an inexpensive protein source 234:262 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 2 12 theme inexpensive 237:247 arg1 meal 226:229 Feather meal 218:229 Feather meal 218:229 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 1 13 theme AA 151:152 arg1 infusion 154:161 a postruminal AA infusion 137:161 a postruminal AA infusion 137:161 Removing His from a postruminal AA infusion decreases milk protein and increases milk fat content. 24268836 6 14 theme MP 770:771 arg1 SP-FM 791:795 SP-FM 791:795 SP-FM 791:795 Feather meal was added to the control diet either to replace the MP isonitrogenously (SP-FM) or to increase the MP supply to 3,484 g/d (HP-FM). 24268836 6 14 theme MP 770:771 arg1 isonitrogenously 773:788 the MP isonitrogenously 766:788 the MP isonitrogenously (SP-FM) 766:796 Feather meal was added to the control diet either to replace the MP isonitrogenously (SP-FM) or to increase the MP supply to 3,484 g/d (HP-FM). 24268836 2 15 from His 311:313 arg1 low 304:306 low 304:306 low 304:306 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 2 16 theme rumen 273:277 arg1 protein 292:298 rumen undegradable protein 273:298 rumen undegradable protein 273:298 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 4 17 theme replicated 562:571 arg1 design 592:597 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 560:597 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 560:597 Four dietary treatments were fed for 4 wk each to 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 24268836 15 18 theme Protein 1744:1750 arg1 yields 1752:1757 Protein yields 1744:1757 Protein yields 1744:1757 Protein yields were 860 and 998 g/d, whereas lactose yields were 1,384 and 1,561 g/d for SP-FM and HP-FM, respectively. 24268836 14 19 dep lower 1719:1723 arg1 both 1714:1717 both 1714:1717 both 1714:1717 Milk fat yield was not affected by diet but protein and lactose yields were both lower with feather meal. 24268836 17 20 theme solids-not-fat 1957:1970 arg1 fat 1972:1974 solids-not-fat:fat 1957:1974 solids-not-fat:fat 1957:1974 The ratio of solids-not-fat:fat in milk was lowest on SP-FM at 2.11 compared with 2.56 on SP-C. 24268836 8 21 theme feather 1048:1054 arg1 meal 1056:1059 feather meal 1048:1059 feather meal 1048:1059 Dry matter intake tended to decrease when feather meal was fed. 24268836 6 22 theme 3,484 830:834 arg1 g/d 836:838 3,484 g/d 830:838 3,484 g/d (HP-FM) 830:846 Feather meal was added to the control diet either to replace the MP isonitrogenously (SP-FM) or to increase the MP supply to 3,484 g/d (HP-FM). 24268836 6 22 theme 3,484 830:834 arg1 HP-FM 841:845 HP-FM 841:845 HP-FM 841:845 Feather meal was added to the control diet either to replace the MP isonitrogenously (SP-FM) or to increase the MP supply to 3,484 g/d (HP-FM). 24268836 0 23 from imbalance 62:70 arg1 composition 106:116 milk composition 101:116 milk composition 101:116 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 0 23 from imbalance 62:70 arg1 cows 81:84 dairy cows 75:84 dairy cows 75:84 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 0 23 from imbalance 62:70 arg1 effects 90:96 effects 90:96 effects on milk composition 90:116 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 4 24 theme × 575:575 arg1 design 592:597 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 560:597 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 560:597 Four dietary treatments were fed for 4 wk each to 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 24268836 9 25 theme Predicted 1070:1078 arg1 flows 1080:1084 Predicted flows 1070:1084 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys 1070:1116 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 0 26 from deficiency 48:57 arg1 composition 106:116 milk composition 101:116 milk composition 101:116 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 0 26 from deficiency 48:57 arg1 cows 81:84 dairy cows 75:84 dairy cows 75:84 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 0 26 from deficiency 48:57 arg1 effects 90:96 effects 90:96 effects on milk composition 90:116 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 18 27 theme MP 2185:2186 arg1 content 2188:2194 the MP content 2181:2194 the MP content 2181:2194 Adding feather meal to the diet by replacing MP isonitrogenously was more effective at lowering the solids-not-fat:fat ratio than increasing the MP content with an imbalanced protein source. 24268836 7 28 theme isonitrogenous 855:868 arg1 control 870:876 an isonitrogenous control 852:876 an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM 852:886 As an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM, a high-protein diet (HP-C) was formulated with His-adequate protein sources to provide the same MP content as HP-FM. 24268836 7 28 theme isonitrogenous 855:868 arg1 diet 904:907 a high-protein diet 889:907 a high-protein diet (HP-C) 889:914 As an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM, a high-protein diet (HP-C) was formulated with His-adequate protein sources to provide the same MP content as HP-FM. 24268836 5 29 theme control 619:625 arg1 SP-C 633:636 SP-C 633:636 SP-C 633:636 A standard-protein control diet (SP-C) was formulated to provide 3,100g/d of metabolizable protein (MP). 24268836 5 29 theme control 619:625 arg1 diet 627:630 A standard-protein control diet 600:630 A standard-protein control diet (SP-C) 600:637 A standard-protein control diet (SP-C) was formulated to provide 3,100g/d of metabolizable protein (MP). 24268836 9 30 theme His 1100:1102 arg1 flows 1080:1084 Predicted flows 1070:1084 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys 1070:1116 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 9 30 theme His 1100:1102 arg1 concentrations 1130:1143 plasma concentrations 1123:1143 plasma concentrations of these AA 1123:1155 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 4 31 from cows 552:555 arg1 design 592:597 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 560:597 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 560:597 Four dietary treatments were fed for 4 wk each to 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 24268836 9 32 theme Met 1105:1107 arg1 flows 1080:1084 Predicted flows 1070:1084 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys 1070:1116 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 9 32 theme Met 1105:1107 arg1 concentrations 1130:1143 plasma concentrations 1123:1143 plasma concentrations of these AA 1123:1155 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 2 33 theme Feather 218:224 arg1 source 257:262 an inexpensive protein source 234:262 an inexpensive protein source 234:262 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 2 33 theme Feather 218:224 arg1 meal 226:229 Feather meal 218:229 Feather meal 218:229 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 5 34 theme protein 691:697 arg1 3,100g/d 665:672 3,100g/d 665:672 3,100g/d of metabolizable protein (MP) 665:702 A standard-protein control diet (SP-C) was formulated to provide 3,100g/d of metabolizable protein (MP). 24268836 17 35 theme fat 1972:1974 arg1 ratio 1948:1952 The ratio 1944:1952 The ratio of solids-not-fat:fat in milk 1944:1982 The ratio of solids-not-fat:fat in milk was lowest on SP-FM at 2.11 compared with 2.56 on SP-C. 24268836 17 35 theme fat 1972:1974 arg1 lowest 1988:1993 lowest 1988:1993 lowest 1988:1993 The ratio of solids-not-fat:fat in milk was lowest on SP-FM at 2.11 compared with 2.56 on SP-C. 24268836 10 36 theme AA 1244:1245 arg1 flows 1208:1212 Predicted flows 1198:1212 Predicted flows of total digestible essential AA 1198:1245 Predicted flows of total digestible essential AA were not different between HP-FM and SP-C. 24268836 0 37 theme dairy 75:79 arg1 cows 81:84 dairy cows 75:84 dairy cows 75:84 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 18 38 theme fat 2155:2157 arg1 ratio 2159:2163 the solids-not-fat:fat ratio 2136:2163 the solids-not-fat:fat ratio 2136:2163 Adding feather meal to the diet by replacing MP isonitrogenously was more effective at lowering the solids-not-fat:fat ratio than increasing the MP content with an imbalanced protein source. 24268836 9 39 theme plasma 1123:1128 arg1 concentrations 1130:1143 plasma concentrations 1123:1143 plasma concentrations of these AA 1123:1155 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 11 40 from depression 1316:1325 arg1 HP-FM 1330:1334 HP-FM 1330:1334 HP-FM 1330:1334 We concluded that the DMI depression on HP-FM prevented an imbalance of excess AA over His, and created a deficiency of His, Met, and Lys compared with SP-C. 24268836 3 41 theme study 337:341 arg1 objective 320:328 The objective 316:328 The objective of our study 316:341 The objective of our study was to investigate dietary feather meal as a method for creating a His deficiency or imbalance to alter milk composition. 24268836 18 42 theme solids-not-fat 2140:2153 arg1 ratio 2159:2163 the solids-not-fat:fat ratio 2136:2163 the solids-not-fat:fat ratio 2136:2163 Adding feather meal to the diet by replacing MP isonitrogenously was more effective at lowering the solids-not-fat:fat ratio than increasing the MP content with an imbalanced protein source. 24268836 16 43 theme lower 1906:1910 arg1 percentage 1920:1929 lower protein percentage 1906:1929 lower protein percentage 1906:1929 This resulted in a higher fat content and lower protein percentage on FM diets. 24268836 14 44 theme lactose 1694:1700 arg1 yields 1702:1707 protein and lactose yields 1682:1707 protein and lactose yields 1682:1707 Milk fat yield was not affected by diet but protein and lactose yields were both lower with feather meal. 24268836 0 45 theme dietary 7:13 arg1 meal 23:26 dietary feather meal 7:26 dietary feather meal 7:26 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 9 46 theme AA 1154:1155 arg1 flows 1080:1084 Predicted flows 1070:1084 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys 1070:1116 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 9 46 theme AA 1154:1155 arg1 concentrations 1130:1143 plasma concentrations 1123:1143 plasma concentrations of these AA 1123:1155 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 14 47 theme protein 1682:1688 arg1 yields 1702:1707 protein and lactose yields 1682:1707 protein and lactose yields 1682:1707 Milk fat yield was not affected by diet but protein and lactose yields were both lower with feather meal. 24268836 15 48 dep g/d 1776:1778 arg1 whereas 1781:1787 whereas 1781:1787 whereas 1781:1787 Protein yields were 860 and 998 g/d, whereas lactose yields were 1,384 and 1,561 g/d for SP-FM and HP-FM, respectively. 24268836 3 49 theme dietary 362:368 arg1 meal 378:381 dietary feather meal 362:381 dietary feather meal 362:381 The objective of our study was to investigate dietary feather meal as a method for creating a His deficiency or imbalance to alter milk composition. 24268836 3 49 theme dietary 362:368 arg1 method 388:393 a method 386:393 a method for creating a His deficiency or imbalance to alter milk composition 386:462 The objective of our study was to investigate dietary feather meal as a method for creating a His deficiency or imbalance to alter milk composition. 24268836 16 50 theme FM 1934:1935 arg1 diets 1937:1941 FM diets 1934:1941 FM diets 1934:1941 This resulted in a higher fat content and lower protein percentage on FM diets. 24268836 0 51 theme meal 23:26 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of dietary feather meal 0:26 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 7 52 theme MP 985:986 arg1 content 988:994 the same MP content 976:994 the same MP content as HP-FM 976:1003 As an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM, a high-protein diet (HP-C) was formulated with His-adequate protein sources to provide the same MP content as HP-FM. 24268836 12 53 theme feather 1483:1489 arg1 treatments 1496:1505 the 2 feather meal treatments 1477:1505 the 2 feather meal treatments 1477:1505 Milk production decreased on the 2 feather meal treatments, partly explained by a tendency for DMI to decrease. 24268836 16 54 from content 1894:1900 arg1 diets 1937:1941 FM diets 1934:1941 FM diets 1934:1941 This resulted in a higher fat content and lower protein percentage on FM diets. 24268836 10 55 theme digestible 1223:1232 arg1 AA 1244:1245 total digestible essential AA 1217:1245 total digestible essential AA 1217:1245 Predicted flows of total digestible essential AA were not different between HP-FM and SP-C. 24268836 9 56 theme meal 1186:1189 arg1 diets 1191:1195 both feather meal diets 1173:1195 both feather meal diets 1173:1195 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 4 57 theme mid-lactation 529:541 arg1 cows 552:555 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows 515:555 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 515:597 Four dietary treatments were fed for 4 wk each to 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 24268836 0 58 theme histidine 38:46 arg1 deficiency 48:57 histidine deficiency 38:57 histidine deficiency 38:57 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 14 59 theme fat 1643:1645 arg1 yield 1647:1651 Milk fat yield 1638:1651 Milk fat yield 1638:1651 Milk fat yield was not affected by diet but protein and lactose yields were both lower with feather meal. 24268836 13 60 theme Milk 1560:1563 arg1 yield 1565:1569 Milk yield 1560:1569 Milk yield 1560:1569 Milk yield was lowest on SP-FM at 30.3 kg/d and highest on HP-C at 37.9 kg/d. 24268836 4 61 theme each 507:510 arg1 wk 504:505 4 wk 502:505 4 wk each to 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 502:597 Four dietary treatments were fed for 4 wk each to 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 24268836 17 62 from ratio 1948:1952 arg1 milk 1979:1982 milk 1979:1982 milk 1979:1982 The ratio of solids-not-fat:fat in milk was lowest on SP-FM at 2.11 compared with 2.56 on SP-C. 24268836 11 63 theme AA 1369:1370 arg1 imbalance 1349:1357 an imbalance 1346:1357 an imbalance of excess AA 1346:1370 We concluded that the DMI depression on HP-FM prevented an imbalance of excess AA over His, and created a deficiency of His, Met, and Lys compared with SP-C. 24268836 14 64 theme Milk 1638:1641 arg1 yield 1647:1651 Milk fat yield 1638:1651 Milk fat yield 1638:1651 Milk fat yield was not affected by diet but protein and lactose yields were both lower with feather meal. 24268836 16 65 theme fat 1890:1892 arg1 content 1894:1900 higher fat content 1883:1900 higher fat content 1883:1900 This resulted in a higher fat content and lower protein percentage on FM diets. 24268836 7 66 theme His-adequate 936:947 arg1 sources 957:963 His-adequate protein sources 936:963 His-adequate protein sources 936:963 As an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM, a high-protein diet (HP-C) was formulated with His-adequate protein sources to provide the same MP content as HP-FM. 24268836 6 67 theme Feather 705:711 arg1 meal 713:716 Feather meal 705:716 Feather meal 705:716 Feather meal was added to the control diet either to replace the MP isonitrogenously (SP-FM) or to increase the MP supply to 3,484 g/d (HP-FM). 24268836 2 68 theme protein 249:255 arg1 source 257:262 an inexpensive protein source 234:262 an inexpensive protein source 234:262 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 2 68 theme protein 249:255 arg1 meal 226:229 Feather meal 218:229 Feather meal 218:229 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 1 69 theme postruminal 139:149 arg1 infusion 154:161 a postruminal AA infusion 137:161 a postruminal AA infusion 137:161 Removing His from a postruminal AA infusion decreases milk protein and increases milk fat content. 24268836 8 70 theme Dry 1006:1008 arg1 intake 1017:1022 Dry matter intake 1006:1022 Dry matter intake 1006:1022 Dry matter intake tended to decrease when feather meal was fed. 24268836 12 71 theme meal 1491:1494 arg1 treatments 1496:1505 the 2 feather meal treatments 1477:1505 the 2 feather meal treatments 1477:1505 Milk production decreased on the 2 feather meal treatments, partly explained by a tendency for DMI to decrease. 24268836 11 72 theme Lys 1424:1426 arg1 deficiency 1396:1405 a deficiency 1394:1405 a deficiency of His, Met, and Lys 1394:1426 We concluded that the DMI depression on HP-FM prevented an imbalance of excess AA over His, and created a deficiency of His, Met, and Lys compared with SP-C. 24268836 10 73 theme total 1217:1221 arg1 AA 1244:1245 total digestible essential AA 1217:1245 total digestible essential AA 1217:1245 Predicted flows of total digestible essential AA were not different between HP-FM and SP-C. 24268836 2 74 theme undegradable 279:290 arg1 protein 292:298 rumen undegradable protein 273:298 rumen undegradable protein 273:298 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 18 75 theme feather 2047:2053 arg1 meal 2055:2058 feather meal 2047:2058 feather meal 2047:2058 Adding feather meal to the diet by replacing MP isonitrogenously was more effective at lowering the solids-not-fat:fat ratio than increasing the MP content with an imbalanced protein source. 24268836 4 76 theme square 585:590 arg1 design 592:597 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 560:597 a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 560:597 Four dietary treatments were fed for 4 wk each to 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 24268836 0 77 theme milk 101:104 arg1 composition 106:116 milk composition 101:116 milk composition 101:116 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 12 78 dep decreased 1464:1472 arg1 explained 1515:1523 explained 1515:1523 explained by a tendency for DMI to decrease 1515:1557 Milk production decreased on the 2 feather meal treatments, partly explained by a tendency for DMI to decrease. 24268836 1 79 theme milk 173:176 arg1 protein 178:184 milk protein 173:184 milk protein 173:184 Removing His from a postruminal AA infusion decreases milk protein and increases milk fat content. 24268836 6 80 dep added 722:726 arg1 either 748:753 either 748:753 either 748:753 Feather meal was added to the control diet either to replace the MP isonitrogenously (SP-FM) or to increase the MP supply to 3,484 g/d (HP-FM). 24268836 16 81 dep content 1894:1900 arg1 a 1881:1881 a 1881:1881 a 1881:1881 This resulted in a higher fat content and lower protein percentage on FM diets. 24268836 7 82 theme high-protein 891:902 arg1 control 870:876 an isonitrogenous control 852:876 an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM 852:886 As an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM, a high-protein diet (HP-C) was formulated with His-adequate protein sources to provide the same MP content as HP-FM. 24268836 7 82 theme high-protein 891:902 arg1 diet 904:907 a high-protein diet 889:907 a high-protein diet (HP-C) 889:914 As an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM, a high-protein diet (HP-C) was formulated with His-adequate protein sources to provide the same MP content as HP-FM. 24268836 7 82 theme high-protein 891:902 arg1 HP-C 910:913 HP-C 910:913 HP-C 910:913 As an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM, a high-protein diet (HP-C) was formulated with His-adequate protein sources to provide the same MP content as HP-FM. 24268836 6 83 theme MP 817:818 arg1 supply 820:825 the MP supply 813:825 the MP supply to 3,484 g/d (HP-FM) 813:846 Feather meal was added to the control diet either to replace the MP isonitrogenously (SP-FM) or to increase the MP supply to 3,484 g/d (HP-FM). 24268836 0 84 from effects 90:96 arg1 composition 106:116 milk composition 101:116 milk composition 101:116 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 2 85 dep high 265:268 arg1 source 257:262 an inexpensive protein source 234:262 an inexpensive protein source 234:262 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 2 85 dep high 265:268 arg1 meal 226:229 Feather meal 218:229 Feather meal 218:229 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 5 86 theme standard-protein 602:617 arg1 SP-C 633:636 SP-C 633:636 SP-C 633:636 A standard-protein control diet (SP-C) was formulated to provide 3,100g/d of metabolizable protein (MP). 24268836 5 86 theme standard-protein 602:617 arg1 diet 627:630 A standard-protein control diet 600:630 A standard-protein control diet (SP-C) 600:637 A standard-protein control diet (SP-C) was formulated to provide 3,100g/d of metabolizable protein (MP). 24268836 9 87 theme digestible 1089:1098 arg1 His 1100:1102 digestible His 1089:1102 digestible His 1089:1102 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 0 88 from cows 81:84 arg1 composition 106:116 milk composition 101:116 milk composition 101:116 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 1 89 theme milk 200:203 arg1 content 209:215 milk fat content 200:215 milk fat content 200:215 Removing His from a postruminal AA infusion decreases milk protein and increases milk fat content. 24268836 11 90 theme DMI 1312:1314 arg1 depression 1316:1325 the DMI depression 1308:1325 the DMI depression on HP-FM 1308:1334 We concluded that the DMI depression on HP-FM prevented an imbalance of excess AA over His, and created a deficiency of His, Met, and Lys compared with SP-C. 24268836 5 91 theme metabolizable 677:689 arg1 MP 700:701 MP 700:701 MP 700:701 A standard-protein control diet (SP-C) was formulated to provide 3,100g/d of metabolizable protein (MP). 24268836 5 91 theme metabolizable 677:689 arg1 protein 691:697 metabolizable protein 677:697 metabolizable protein (MP) 677:702 A standard-protein control diet (SP-C) was formulated to provide 3,100g/d of metabolizable protein (MP). 24268836 2 92 from high 265:268 arg1 protein 292:298 rumen undegradable protein 273:298 rumen undegradable protein 273:298 Feather meal is an inexpensive protein source, high in rumen undegradable protein but low in His. 24268836 9 93 theme Lys 1114:1116 arg1 flows 1080:1084 Predicted flows 1070:1084 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys 1070:1116 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 9 93 theme Lys 1114:1116 arg1 concentrations 1130:1143 plasma concentrations 1123:1143 plasma concentrations of these AA 1123:1155 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 3 94 dep deficiency 414:423 arg1 a 408:408 a 408:408 a 408:408 The objective of our study was to investigate dietary feather meal as a method for creating a His deficiency or imbalance to alter milk composition. 24268836 12 95 theme Milk 1448:1451 arg1 production 1453:1462 Milk production 1448:1462 Milk production 1448:1462 Milk production decreased on the 2 feather meal treatments, partly explained by a tendency for DMI to decrease. 24268836 10 96 theme essential 1234:1242 arg1 AA 1244:1245 total digestible essential AA 1217:1245 total digestible essential AA 1217:1245 Predicted flows of total digestible essential AA were not different between HP-FM and SP-C. 24268836 0 97 from composition 106:116 arg1 imbalance 62:70 imbalance 62:70 imbalance 62:70 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 0 97 from composition 106:116 arg1 deficiency 48:57 histidine deficiency 38:57 histidine deficiency 38:57 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 16 98 theme protein 1912:1918 arg1 percentage 1920:1929 lower protein percentage 1906:1929 lower protein percentage 1906:1929 This resulted in a higher fat content and lower protein percentage on FM diets. 24268836 17 99 from 2.56 2026:2029 arg1 SP-C 2034:2037 SP-C 2034:2037 SP-C 2034:2037 The ratio of solids-not-fat:fat in milk was lowest on SP-FM at 2.11 compared with 2.56 on SP-C. 24268836 16 100 from percentage 1920:1929 arg1 diets 1937:1941 FM diets 1934:1941 FM diets 1934:1941 This resulted in a higher fat content and lower protein percentage on FM diets. 24268836 0 101 theme feather 15:21 arg1 meal 23:26 dietary feather meal 7:26 dietary feather meal 7:26 Use of dietary feather meal to induce histidine deficiency or imbalance in dairy cows and effects on milk composition. 24268836 3 102 theme His 410:412 arg1 deficiency 414:423 His deficiency 410:423 His deficiency 410:423 The objective of our study was to investigate dietary feather meal as a method for creating a His deficiency or imbalance to alter milk composition. 24268836 3 103 theme feather 370:376 arg1 meal 378:381 dietary feather meal 362:381 dietary feather meal 362:381 The objective of our study was to investigate dietary feather meal as a method for creating a His deficiency or imbalance to alter milk composition. 24268836 3 103 theme feather 370:376 arg1 method 388:393 a method 386:393 a method for creating a His deficiency or imbalance to alter milk composition 386:462 The objective of our study was to investigate dietary feather meal as a method for creating a His deficiency or imbalance to alter milk composition. 24268836 4 104 theme dietary 470:476 arg1 treatments 478:487 Four dietary treatments 465:487 Four dietary treatments 465:487 Four dietary treatments were fed for 4 wk each to 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 24268836 7 105 theme same 980:983 arg1 content 988:994 the same MP content 976:994 the same MP content as HP-FM 976:1003 As an isonitrogenous control for HP-FM, a high-protein diet (HP-C) was formulated with His-adequate protein sources to provide the same MP content as HP-FM. 24268836 15 106 theme lactose 1789:1795 arg1 yields 1797:1802 lactose yields 1789:1802 lactose yields 1789:1802 Protein yields were 860 and 998 g/d, whereas lactose yields were 1,384 and 1,561 g/d for SP-FM and HP-FM, respectively. 24268836 9 107 theme feather 1178:1184 arg1 diets 1191:1195 both feather meal diets 1173:1195 both feather meal diets 1173:1195 Predicted flows of digestible His, Met, and Lys, and plasma concentrations of these AA were reduced on both feather meal diets. 24268836 6 108 theme control 735:741 arg1 diet 743:746 the control diet 731:746 the control diet 731:746 Feather meal was added to the control diet either to replace the MP isonitrogenously (SP-FM) or to increase the MP supply to 3,484 g/d (HP-FM). 24268836 4 109 theme Holstein 543:550 arg1 cows 552:555 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows 515:555 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design 515:597 Four dietary treatments were fed for 4 wk each to 8 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. 24268836 14 110 theme feather 1730:1736 arg1 meal 1738:1741 feather meal 1730:1741 feather meal 1730:1741 Milk fat yield was not affected by diet but protein and lactose yields were both lower with feather meal. 24268836 1 111 theme fat 205:207 arg1 content 209:215 milk fat content 200:215 milk fat content 200:215 Removing His from a postruminal AA infusion decreases milk protein and increases milk fat content. 24268836 11 112 theme Met 1415:1417 arg1 deficiency 1396:1405 a deficiency 1394:1405 a deficiency of His, Met, and Lys 1394:1426 We concluded that the DMI depression on HP-FM prevented an imbalance of excess AA over His, and created a deficiency of His, Met, and Lys compared with SP-C. 28882369 6 0 theme human 1154:1158 arg1 cells 1187:1191 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1154:1191 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days 1154:1238 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 6 0 theme human 1154:1158 arg1 HUVECs 1194:1199 HUVECs 1194:1199 HUVECs 1194:1199 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 1 1 theme tissue 282:287 arg1 methods 301:307 bone tissue engineering methods 277:307 bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries 277:347 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 8 2 theme Osteoblast 1417:1426 arg1 culture 1428:1434 Osteoblast culture 1417:1434 Osteoblast culture on the scaffolds 1417:1451 Osteoblast culture on the scaffolds showed that the construct supports cell viability, adhesion and proliferation. 28882369 10 3 theme defects 1804:1810 arg1 regeneration 1775:1786 regeneration 1775:1786 regeneration of craniofacial defects 1775:1810 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects. 28882369 3 4 dep -containing 597:607 arg1 PLGA 592:595 VEGF-loaded PLGA 580:595 VEGF-loaded PLGA 580:595 METHODS The paste, composed of (VEGF-loaded PLGA)-containing gelatin/alginate/β-TCP in water, was loaded into standard Nordson cartridges and promptly employed for printing the scaffolds. 28882369 10 5 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1640:1651 arg1 scaffold 1691:1698 The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold 1653:1698 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF 1640:1726 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects. 28882369 1 6 theme vascularization 214:228 arg1 lack 199:202 the lack 195:202 the lack of tissue vascularization 195:228 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 1 6 theme vascularization 214:228 arg1 challenge 255:263 a major challenge 247:263 a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries 247:347 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 5 7 theme in 893:894 arg1 kinetics 910:917 The in vitro release kinetics 889:917 The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF 889:936 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 10 8 theme gelatin/alginate/β-TCP 1668:1689 arg1 scaffold 1691:1698 The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold 1653:1698 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF 1640:1726 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects. 28882369 5 9 theme release 902:908 arg1 kinetics 910:917 The in vitro release kinetics 889:917 The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF 889:936 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 10 10 theme 3D 1657:1658 arg1 scaffold 1691:1698 The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold 1653:1698 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF 1640:1726 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects. 28882369 3 11 theme -containing 597:607 arg1 gelatin/alginate/β-TCP 609:630 (VEGF-loaded PLGA)-containing gelatin/alginate/β-TCP 579:630 (VEGF-loaded PLGA)-containing gelatin/alginate/β-TCP in water 579:639 METHODS The paste, composed of (VEGF-loaded PLGA)-containing gelatin/alginate/β-TCP in water, was loaded into standard Nordson cartridges and promptly employed for printing the scaffolds. 28882369 4 12 from temperature 868:878 arg1 bioink 853:858 a printable bioink 841:858 a printable bioink at room temperature 841:878 Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations led to an optimized paste as a printable bioink at room temperature. 28882369 1 13 theme critical 142:149 arg1 process 151:157 a critical process 140:157 a critical process during bone regeneration/repair 140:189 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 1 13 theme critical 142:149 arg1 Vascularization 121:135 OBJECTIVE Vascularization 111:135 OBJECTIVE Vascularization 111:135 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 7 14 theme tissue 1397:1402 arg1 engineering 1404:1414 craniofacial tissue engineering 1384:1414 craniofacial tissue engineering 1384:1414 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds, 98±11MPa, was found to be in the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 4 15 theme various 768:774 arg1 formulations 799:810 various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations 768:810 various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations 768:810 Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations led to an optimized paste as a printable bioink at room temperature. 28882369 9 16 theme ALP 1554:1556 arg1 activity 1558:1565 the ALP activity 1550:1565 the ALP activity 1550:1565 It was found that the ALP activity increased over 50% using VEGF-loaded scaffolds after 2 weeks of culture. 28882369 2 17 theme design 528:533 arg1 model 541:545 a computer-assisted design (CAD) model 508:545 a computer-assisted design (CAD) model 508:545 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 0 18 theme tissue 91:96 arg1 engineering 98:108 craniofacial tissue engineering 78:108 craniofacial tissue engineering 78:108 3D printed TCP-based scaffold incorporating VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 4 19 theme optimized 822:830 arg1 paste 832:836 an optimized paste 819:836 an optimized paste 819:836 Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations led to an optimized paste as a printable bioink at room temperature. 28882369 2 20 theme 3D 483:484 arg1 method 495:500 3D printing method 483:500 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model 483:545 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 0 21 theme craniofacial 78:89 arg1 engineering 98:108 craniofacial tissue engineering 78:108 craniofacial tissue engineering 78:108 3D printed TCP-based scaffold incorporating VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 4 22 theme formulations 799:810 arg1 characterization 748:763 Rheological characterization 736:763 Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations 736:810 Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations led to an optimized paste as a printable bioink at room temperature. 28882369 2 23 theme growth 410:415 arg1 factor 417:422 vascular endothelial growth factor 389:422 vascular endothelial growth factor 389:422 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 0 24 theme 3D 0:1 arg1 scaffold 21:28 3D printed TCP-based scaffold 0:28 3D printed TCP-based scaffold 0:28 3D printed TCP-based scaffold incorporating VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 1 25 theme OBJECTIVE 111:119 arg1 process 151:157 a critical process 140:157 a critical process during bone regeneration/repair 140:189 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 1 25 theme OBJECTIVE 111:119 arg1 Vascularization 121:135 OBJECTIVE Vascularization 111:135 OBJECTIVE Vascularization 111:135 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 6 26 theme times 1118:1122 arg1 increment 1124:1132 two times increment 1114:1132 two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days 1114:1238 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 5 27 theme regeneration 1070:1081 arg1 stages 1053:1058 the early stages 1043:1058 the early stages of tissue regeneration 1043:1081 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 2 28 theme gelatin/alginate/β-TCP 438:459 arg1 scaffold 471:478 a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold 387:478 a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold 387:478 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 0 29 theme TCP-based 11:19 arg1 scaffold 21:28 3D printed TCP-based scaffold 0:28 3D printed TCP-based scaffold 0:28 3D printed TCP-based scaffold incorporating VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 10 30 theme craniofacial 1791:1802 arg1 defects 1804:1810 craniofacial defects 1791:1810 craniofacial defects 1791:1810 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects. 28882369 3 31 dep METHODS 548:554 arg1 paste 560:564 The paste 556:564 The paste 556:564 METHODS The paste, composed of (VEGF-loaded PLGA)-containing gelatin/alginate/β-TCP in water, was loaded into standard Nordson cartridges and promptly employed for printing the scaffolds. 28882369 7 32 theme bone 1336:1339 arg1 range 1316:1320 the range 1312:1320 the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering 1312:1414 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds, 98±11MPa, was found to be in the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 3 33 theme standard 658:665 arg1 cartridges 675:684 standard Nordson cartridges 658:684 standard Nordson cartridges 658:684 METHODS The paste, composed of (VEGF-loaded PLGA)-containing gelatin/alginate/β-TCP in water, was loaded into standard Nordson cartridges and promptly employed for printing the scaffolds. 28882369 0 34 theme PLGA 56:59 arg1 microspheres 61:72 VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres 44:72 VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres 44:72 3D printed TCP-based scaffold incorporating VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 4 35 theme printable 843:851 arg1 bioink 853:858 a printable bioink 841:858 a printable bioink at room temperature 841:878 Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations led to an optimized paste as a printable bioink at room temperature. 28882369 1 36 theme major 249:253 arg1 lack 199:202 the lack 195:202 the lack of tissue vascularization 195:228 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 1 36 theme major 249:253 arg1 challenge 255:263 a major challenge 247:263 a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries 247:347 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 6 37 theme endothelial 1175:1185 arg1 cells 1187:1191 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1154:1191 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days 1154:1238 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 6 37 theme endothelial 1175:1185 arg1 HUVECs 1194:1199 HUVECs 1194:1199 HUVECs 1194:1199 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 8 38 theme cell 1488:1491 arg1 viability 1493:1501 cell viability 1488:1501 cell viability 1488:1501 Osteoblast culture on the scaffolds showed that the construct supports cell viability, adhesion and proliferation. 28882369 2 39 theme vascular 389:396 arg1 factor 417:422 vascular endothelial growth factor 389:422 vascular endothelial growth factor 389:422 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 5 40 theme tissue 1063:1068 arg1 regeneration 1070:1081 tissue regeneration 1063:1081 tissue regeneration 1063:1081 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 6 41 theme umbilical 1160:1168 arg1 cells 1187:1191 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1154:1191 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days 1154:1238 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 6 41 theme umbilical 1160:1168 arg1 HUVECs 1194:1199 HUVECs 1194:1199 HUVECs 1194:1199 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 8 42 from culture 1428:1434 arg1 scaffolds 1443:1451 the scaffolds 1439:1451 the scaffolds 1439:1451 Osteoblast culture on the scaffolds showed that the construct supports cell viability, adhesion and proliferation. 28882369 1 43 theme bone 277:280 arg1 methods 301:307 bone tissue engineering methods 277:307 bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries 277:347 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 5 44 dep RESULTS 881:887 arg1 revealed 938:945 revealed 938:945 revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration 938:1081 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 5 45 from vascularization 1024:1038 arg1 stages 1053:1058 the early stages 1043:1058 the early stages of tissue regeneration 1043:1081 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 1 46 theme engineering 289:299 arg1 methods 301:307 bone tissue engineering methods 277:307 bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries 277:347 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 3 47 theme VEGF-loaded 580:590 arg1 PLGA 592:595 VEGF-loaded PLGA 580:595 VEGF-loaded PLGA 580:595 METHODS The paste, composed of (VEGF-loaded PLGA)-containing gelatin/alginate/β-TCP in water, was loaded into standard Nordson cartridges and promptly employed for printing the scaffolds. 28882369 1 48 theme tissue 207:212 arg1 vascularization 214:228 tissue vascularization 207:228 tissue vascularization 207:228 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 1 49 theme bone 166:169 arg1 regeneration/repair 171:189 bone regeneration/repair 166:189 bone regeneration/repair 166:189 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 2 50 theme study 365:369 arg1 aim 354:356 The aim 350:356 The aim of our study 350:369 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 5 51 theme loaded 926:931 arg1 VEGF 933:936 the loaded VEGF 922:936 the loaded VEGF 922:936 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 10 52 theme printed 1660:1666 arg1 scaffold 1691:1698 The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold 1653:1698 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF 1640:1726 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects. 28882369 5 53 theme designed 956:963 arg1 scaffolds 965:973 the designed scaffolds 952:973 the designed scaffolds 952:973 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 4 54 theme Rheological 736:746 arg1 characterization 748:763 Rheological characterization 736:763 Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations 736:810 Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations led to an optimized paste as a printable bioink at room temperature. 28882369 7 55 theme scaffolds 1272:1280 arg1 98±11MPa 1283:1290 98±11MPa 1283:1290 98±11MPa 1283:1290 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds, 98±11MPa, was found to be in the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 7 55 theme scaffolds 1272:1280 arg1 modulus 1257:1263 The compressive modulus 1241:1263 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds 1241:1280 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds, 98±11MPa, was found to be in the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 5 56 theme VEGF 933:936 arg1 kinetics 910:917 The in vitro release kinetics 889:917 The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF 889:936 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 7 57 theme craniofacial 1384:1395 arg1 engineering 1404:1414 craniofacial tissue engineering 1384:1414 craniofacial tissue engineering 1384:1414 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds, 98±11MPa, was found to be in the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 2 58 theme computer-assisted 510:526 arg1 CAD 536:538 CAD 536:538 CAD 536:538 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 2 58 theme computer-assisted 510:526 arg1 design 528:533 a computer-assisted design 508:533 a computer-assisted design (CAD) model 508:545 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 7 59 theme compressive 1245:1255 arg1 98±11MPa 1283:1290 98±11MPa 1283:1290 98±11MPa 1283:1290 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds, 98±11MPa, was found to be in the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 7 59 theme compressive 1245:1255 arg1 modulus 1257:1263 The compressive modulus 1241:1263 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds 1241:1280 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds, 98±11MPa, was found to be in the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 9 60 theme VEGF-loaded 1592:1602 arg1 scaffolds 1604:1612 VEGF-loaded scaffolds 1592:1612 VEGF-loaded scaffolds 1592:1612 It was found that the ALP activity increased over 50% using VEGF-loaded scaffolds after 2 weeks of culture. 28882369 6 61 theme proliferation 1137:1149 arg1 increment 1124:1132 two times increment 1114:1132 two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days 1114:1238 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 0 62 theme printed 3:9 arg1 scaffold 21:28 3D printed TCP-based scaffold 0:28 3D printed TCP-based scaffold 0:28 3D printed TCP-based scaffold incorporating VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 4 63 theme gelatin/alginate/β-TCP 776:797 arg1 formulations 799:810 various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations 768:810 various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations 768:810 Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations led to an optimized paste as a printable bioink at room temperature. 28882369 2 64 theme endothelial 398:408 arg1 factor 417:422 vascular endothelial growth factor 389:422 vascular endothelial growth factor 389:422 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 1 65 theme cranial 313:319 arg1 surgeries 339:347 cranial and maxillofacial surgeries 313:347 cranial and maxillofacial surgeries 313:347 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 5 66 theme VEGF 1006:1009 arg1 bioavailability 987:1001 the bioavailability 983:1001 the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration 983:1081 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 7 67 theme cancellous 1325:1334 arg1 bone 1336:1339 cancellous bone 1325:1339 cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering 1325:1414 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds, 98±11MPa, was found to be in the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 2 68 theme composite 461:469 arg1 scaffold 471:478 a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold 387:478 a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold 387:478 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 3 69 theme Nordson 667:673 arg1 cartridges 675:684 standard Nordson cartridges 658:684 standard Nordson cartridges 658:684 METHODS The paste, composed of (VEGF-loaded PLGA)-containing gelatin/alginate/β-TCP in water, was loaded into standard Nordson cartridges and promptly employed for printing the scaffolds. 28882369 3 70 from gelatin/alginate/β-TCP 609:630 arg1 water 635:639 water 635:639 water 635:639 METHODS The paste, composed of (VEGF-loaded PLGA)-containing gelatin/alginate/β-TCP in water, was loaded into standard Nordson cartridges and promptly employed for printing the scaffolds. 28882369 2 71 theme -loaded 430:436 arg1 scaffold 471:478 a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold 387:478 a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold 387:478 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 0 72 theme VEGF-loaded 44:54 arg1 microspheres 61:72 VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres 44:72 VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres 44:72 3D printed TCP-based scaffold incorporating VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 1 73 theme maxillofacial 325:337 arg1 surgeries 339:347 cranial and maxillofacial surgeries 313:347 cranial and maxillofacial surgeries 313:347 OBJECTIVE Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. 28882369 9 74 theme culture 1631:1637 arg1 weeks 1622:1626 2 weeks 1620:1626 2 weeks of culture 1620:1637 It was found that the ALP activity increased over 50% using VEGF-loaded scaffolds after 2 weeks of culture. 28882369 7 75 theme potential 1358:1366 arg1 application 1368:1378 their potential application 1352:1378 their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering 1352:1414 The compressive modulus of the scaffolds, 98±11MPa, was found to be in the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering. 28882369 4 76 theme room 863:866 arg1 temperature 868:878 room temperature 863:878 room temperature 863:878 Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations led to an optimized paste as a printable bioink at room temperature. 28882369 2 77 theme printing 486:493 arg1 method 495:500 3D printing method 483:500 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model 483:545 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 2 78 dep -loaded 430:436 arg1 factor 417:422 vascular endothelial growth factor 389:422 vascular endothelial growth factor 389:422 The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. 28882369 10 79 theme potential 1751:1759 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1640:1651 SIGNIFICANCE 1640:1651 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF 1640:1726 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects. 28882369 10 79 theme potential 1751:1759 arg1 candidate 1761:1769 a potential candidate 1749:1769 a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects 1749:1810 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects. 28882369 5 80 dep in 893:894 arg1 vitro 896:900 vitro 896:900 vitro 896:900 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 5 81 theme early 1047:1051 arg1 stages 1053:1058 the early stages 1043:1058 the early stages of tissue regeneration 1043:1081 RESULTS The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. 28882369 10 82 with SIGNIFICANCE 1640:1651 arg1 releasing 1710:1718 releasing 1710:1718 releasing 1710:1718 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects. 28882369 6 83 theme cells 1187:1191 arg1 proliferation 1137:1149 proliferation 1137:1149 proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days 1137:1238 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 6 84 theme vein 1170:1173 arg1 cells 1187:1191 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 1154:1191 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days 1154:1238 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 6 84 theme vein 1170:1173 arg1 HUVECs 1194:1199 HUVECs 1194:1199 HUVECs 1194:1199 The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. 28882369 10 85 dep releasing 1710:1718 arg1 slow 1705:1708 slow 1705:1708 slow 1705:1708 SIGNIFICANCE The 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects. 28585864 0 0 from effects 18:24 arg1 culture 92:98 in vitro chondrocyte culture 71:98 in vitro chondrocyte culture 71:98 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 28585864 8 1 with metalloproteinase 1584:1600 arg1 ADAMTS 1563:1568 thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 1540:1571 thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 1540:1571 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 9 2 theme OA 1797:1798 arg1 treatment 1784:1792 the treatment 1780:1792 the treatment of OA 1780:1798 Therefore, novel BBR-loaded CMs may offer potential for application in the treatment of OA. 28585864 1 3 theme chloride 169:176 arg1 half-life 146:154 short biological half-life 129:154 short biological half-life 129:154 The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). 28585864 1 3 theme chloride 169:176 arg1 bioavailability 109:123 low bioavailability 105:123 low bioavailability 105:123 The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). 28585864 8 4 from concentration 1694:1706 arg1 BBR 1676:1678 free BBR 1671:1678 free BBR at equivalent concentration 1671:1706 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 0 5 theme chondrocyte 80:90 arg1 culture 92:98 in vitro chondrocyte culture 71:98 in vitro chondrocyte culture 71:98 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 28585864 5 6 theme BBR-loaded 780:789 arg1 CMs 791:793 BBR-loaded CMs 780:793 BBR-loaded CMs 780:793 BBR-loaded CMs displayed spherical forms to encapsulate a considerable quantity of BBR (100.8 ± 2.7 mg/g); these microspheres also exhibited an ideal releasing profile. 28585864 8 7 theme matrix 1577:1582 arg1 MMP 1603:1605 MMP 1603:1605 MMP 1603:1605 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 8 7 theme matrix 1577:1582 arg1 caspase-3 1487:1495 caspase-3 1487:1495 caspase-3 1487:1495 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 8 7 theme matrix 1577:1582 arg1 metalloproteinase 1584:1600 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 1577:1609 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 1577:1609 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 2 8 theme release 347:353 arg1 system 355:360 sustained BBR release system 333:360 sustained BBR release system 333:360 The present study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained BBR release system. 28585864 7 9 theme sodium 1153:1158 arg1 nitroprusside 1160:1172 sodium nitroprusside 1153:1172 sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 1153:1178 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 7 9 theme sodium 1153:1158 arg1 SNP 1175:1177 SNP 1175:1177 SNP 1175:1177 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 8 10 theme free 1671:1674 arg1 BBR 1676:1678 free BBR 1671:1678 free BBR at equivalent concentration 1671:1706 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 4 11 theme release 759:765 arg1 experiments 767:777 in vitro release experiments 750:777 in vitro release experiments 750:777 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 6 12 theme BBR-loaded 997:1006 arg1 CMs 1008:1010 BBR-loaded CMs 997:1010 BBR-loaded CMs 997:1010 The FT-IR spectra and XRD results revealed that BBR-loaded CMs were successfully synthesized via electrostatic interaction. 28585864 3 13 theme Novel 363:367 arg1 microspheres 389:400 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres 363:400 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) 363:417 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 3 13 theme Novel 363:367 arg1 CMs 414:416 BBR-loaded CMs 403:416 BBR-loaded CMs 403:416 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 9 14 theme novel 1720:1724 arg1 CMs 1737:1739 novel BBR-loaded CMs 1720:1739 novel BBR-loaded CMs 1720:1739 Therefore, novel BBR-loaded CMs may offer potential for application in the treatment of OA. 28585864 7 15 theme chondrocyte 1191:1201 arg1 apoptosis 1203:1211 sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis 1153:1211 sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling 1153:1246 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 2 16 theme system 355:360 arg1 effectiveness 316:328 the effectiveness 312:328 the effectiveness of sustained BBR release system 312:360 The present study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained BBR release system. 28585864 8 17 theme equivalent 1683:1692 arg1 concentration 1694:1706 equivalent concentration 1683:1706 equivalent concentration 1683:1706 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 7 18 dep In 1073:1074 arg1 vitro 1076:1080 vitro 1076:1080 vitro 1076:1080 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 4 19 dep in 750:751 arg1 vitro 753:757 vitro 753:757 vitro 753:757 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 9 20 theme BBR-loaded 1726:1735 arg1 CMs 1737:1739 novel BBR-loaded CMs 1720:1739 novel BBR-loaded CMs 1720:1739 Therefore, novel BBR-loaded CMs may offer potential for application in the treatment of OA. 28585864 2 21 theme present 272:278 arg1 study 280:284 The present study 268:284 The present study 268:284 The present study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained BBR release system. 28585864 5 22 theme releasing 930:938 arg1 profile 940:946 an ideal releasing profile 921:946 an ideal releasing profile 921:946 BBR-loaded CMs displayed spherical forms to encapsulate a considerable quantity of BBR (100.8 ± 2.7 mg/g); these microspheres also exhibited an ideal releasing profile. 28585864 4 23 theme X-ray 679:683 arg1 XRD 698:700 XRD 698:700 XRD 698:700 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 4 23 theme X-ray 679:683 arg1 diffraction 685:695 X-ray diffraction 679:695 X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques 679:712 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 5 24 theme spherical 805:813 arg1 forms 815:819 spherical forms 805:819 spherical forms to encapsulate a considerable quantity of BBR (100.8 ± 2.7 mg/g) 805:884 BBR-loaded CMs displayed spherical forms to encapsulate a considerable quantity of BBR (100.8 ± 2.7 mg/g); these microspheres also exhibited an ideal releasing profile. 28585864 4 25 theme basic 512:516 arg1 characteristics 518:532 The basic characteristics 508:532 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres 508:561 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 7 26 theme cytoskeletal 1224:1235 arg1 remodeling 1237:1246 cytoskeletal remodeling 1224:1246 sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling 1153:1246 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 8 27 with metalloproteinase 1517:1533 arg1 ADAMTS 1563:1568 thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 1540:1571 thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 1540:1571 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 0 28 theme release 10:16 arg1 effects 18:24 Sustained release effects 0:24 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 0:99 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 28585864 4 29 theme scanning 594:601 arg1 SEM 624:626 SEM 624:626 SEM 624:626 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 4 29 theme scanning 594:601 arg1 Fourier 630:636 Fourier 630:636 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments 630:777 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 4 29 theme scanning 594:601 arg1 microscopy 612:621 scanning electron microscopy 594:621 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 594:627 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 7 30 theme BBR-loaded 1114:1123 arg1 CMs 1125:1127 BBR-loaded CMs 1114:1127 BBR-loaded CMs 1114:1127 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 6 31 theme XRD 971:973 arg1 results 975:981 XRD results 971:981 XRD results 971:981 The FT-IR spectra and XRD results revealed that BBR-loaded CMs were successfully synthesized via electrostatic interaction. 28585864 0 32 theme Sustained 0:8 arg1 effects 18:24 Sustained release effects 0:24 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 0:99 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 28585864 4 33 theme diffraction 685:695 arg1 techniques 703:712 X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques 679:712 X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques 679:712 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 3 34 theme BBR-loaded 369:378 arg1 microspheres 389:400 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres 363:400 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) 363:417 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 3 34 theme BBR-loaded 369:378 arg1 CMs 414:416 BBR-loaded CMs 403:416 BBR-loaded CMs 403:416 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 8 35 theme higher 1376:1381 arg1 activity 1398:1405 markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity 1367:1405 markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity 1367:1405 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 8 36 with disintegrin 1500:1510 arg1 ADAMTS 1563:1568 thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 1540:1571 thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 1540:1571 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 1 37 theme low 105:107 arg1 bioavailability 109:123 low bioavailability 105:123 low bioavailability 105:123 The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). 28585864 5 38 theme considerable 838:849 arg1 quantity 851:858 a considerable quantity 836:858 a considerable quantity of BBR (100.8 ± 2.7 mg/g) 836:884 BBR-loaded CMs displayed spherical forms to encapsulate a considerable quantity of BBR (100.8 ± 2.7 mg/g); these microspheres also exhibited an ideal releasing profile. 28585864 3 39 theme chitosan 380:387 arg1 microspheres 389:400 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres 363:400 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) 363:417 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 3 39 theme chitosan 380:387 arg1 CMs 414:416 BBR-loaded CMs 403:416 BBR-loaded CMs 403:416 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 4 40 theme electron 603:610 arg1 SEM 624:626 SEM 624:626 SEM 624:626 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 4 40 theme electron 603:610 arg1 Fourier 630:636 Fourier 630:636 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments 630:777 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 4 40 theme electron 603:610 arg1 microscopy 612:621 scanning electron microscopy 594:621 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 594:627 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 0 41 dep in 71:72 arg1 vitro 74:78 vitro 74:78 vitro 74:78 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 28585864 1 42 theme protective 206:215 arg1 role 217:220 the protective role 202:220 the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA) 202:265 The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). 28585864 0 43 theme chitosan 46:53 arg1 microspheres 55:66 berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres 29:66 berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres 29:66 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 28585864 2 44 theme sustained 333:341 arg1 system 355:360 sustained BBR release system 333:360 sustained BBR release system 333:360 The present study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained BBR release system. 28585864 8 45 theme BBR-loaded 1344:1353 arg1 CMs 1355:1357 BBR-loaded CMs 1344:1357 BBR-loaded CMs 1344:1357 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 8 46 theme expression 1466:1475 arg1 levels 1477:1482 the protein expression levels 1454:1482 the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, 1454:1655 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 3 47 theme ionic 458:462 arg1 method 478:483 an ionic cross-linking method 455:483 an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release 455:505 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 0 48 theme berberine-loaded 29:44 arg1 microspheres 55:66 berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres 29:66 berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres 29:66 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 28585864 4 49 theme microspheres 550:561 arg1 characteristics 518:532 The basic characteristics 508:532 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres 508:561 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 8 50 theme anti-apoptotic 1383:1396 arg1 activity 1398:1405 markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity 1367:1405 markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity 1367:1405 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 5 51 theme ideal 924:928 arg1 profile 940:946 an ideal releasing profile 921:946 an ideal releasing profile 921:946 BBR-loaded CMs displayed spherical forms to encapsulate a considerable quantity of BBR (100.8 ± 2.7 mg/g); these microspheres also exhibited an ideal releasing profile. 28585864 3 52 theme cross-linking 464:476 arg1 method 478:483 an ionic cross-linking method 455:483 an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release 455:505 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 3 53 theme BBR-loaded 403:412 arg1 microspheres 389:400 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres 363:400 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) 363:417 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 3 53 theme BBR-loaded 403:412 arg1 CMs 414:416 BBR-loaded CMs 403:416 BBR-loaded CMs 403:416 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 4 54 theme prepared 541:548 arg1 microspheres 550:561 the prepared microspheres 537:561 the prepared microspheres 537:561 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 7 55 theme In 1073:1074 arg1 experiments 1082:1092 In vitro experiments 1073:1092 In vitro experiments 1073:1092 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 7 56 theme membrane 1285:1292 arg1 potential 1294:1302 mitochondrial membrane potential 1271:1302 mitochondrial membrane potential 1271:1302 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 2 57 theme BBR 343:345 arg1 system 355:360 sustained BBR release system 333:360 sustained BBR release system 333:360 The present study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained BBR release system. 28585864 0 58 theme microspheres 55:66 arg1 effects 18:24 Sustained release effects 0:24 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 0:99 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 28585864 3 59 theme sustained 489:497 arg1 release 499:505 sustained release 489:505 sustained release 489:505 Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. 28585864 8 60 theme motifs 1555:1560 arg1 ADAMTS 1563:1568 thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 1540:1571 thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 1540:1571 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 8 61 theme thrombospondin 1540:1553 arg1 ADAMTS 1563:1568 thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 1540:1571 thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 1540:1571 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 1 62 theme short 129:133 arg1 half-life 146:154 short biological half-life 129:154 short biological half-life 129:154 The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). 28585864 8 63 theme articular 1633:1641 arg1 chondrocytes 1643:1654 rat articular chondrocytes 1629:1654 rat articular chondrocytes 1629:1654 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 4 64 dep transform 638:646 arg1 infrared 648:655 infrared 648:655 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments 638:777 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 7 65 theme -stimulated 1179:1189 arg1 apoptosis 1203:1211 sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis 1153:1211 sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling 1153:1246 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 8 66 theme protein 1458:1464 arg1 levels 1477:1482 the protein expression levels 1454:1482 the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, 1454:1655 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 1 67 theme biological 135:144 arg1 half-life 146:154 short biological half-life 129:154 short biological half-life 129:154 The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). 28585864 4 68 theme in 750:751 arg1 experiments 767:777 in vitro release experiments 750:777 in vitro release experiments 750:777 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 6 69 theme electrostatic 1046:1058 arg1 interaction 1060:1070 electrostatic interaction 1046:1070 electrostatic interaction 1046:1070 The FT-IR spectra and XRD results revealed that BBR-loaded CMs were successfully synthesized via electrostatic interaction. 28585864 8 70 theme OA 1427:1428 arg1 treatment 1414:1422 the treatment 1410:1422 the treatment of OA 1410:1428 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 4 71 dep Fourier 630:636 arg1 transform 638:646 transform 638:646 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments 638:777 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 8 72 theme caspase-3 1487:1495 arg1 levels 1477:1482 the protein expression levels 1454:1482 the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, 1454:1655 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 1 73 theme berberine 159:167 arg1 BBR 179:181 BBR 179:181 BBR 179:181 The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). 28585864 1 73 theme berberine 159:167 arg1 chloride 169:176 berberine chloride 159:176 berberine chloride (BBR) 159:182 The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). 28585864 1 74 theme compound 230:237 arg1 role 217:220 the protective role 202:220 the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA) 202:265 The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). 28585864 7 75 theme mitochondrial 1271:1283 arg1 potential 1294:1302 mitochondrial membrane potential 1271:1302 mitochondrial membrane potential 1271:1302 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 5 76 theme BBR 863:865 arg1 quantity 851:858 a considerable quantity 836:858 a considerable quantity of BBR (100.8 ± 2.7 mg/g) 836:884 BBR-loaded CMs displayed spherical forms to encapsulate a considerable quantity of BBR (100.8 ± 2.7 mg/g); these microspheres also exhibited an ideal releasing profile. 28585864 8 77 theme rat 1629:1631 arg1 chondrocytes 1643:1654 rat articular chondrocytes 1629:1654 rat articular chondrocytes 1629:1654 BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. 28585864 0 78 theme in 71:72 arg1 culture 92:98 in vitro chondrocyte culture 71:98 in vitro chondrocyte culture 71:98 Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. 28585864 7 79 theme nuclear 1324:1330 arg1 morphology 1332:1341 the nuclear morphology 1320:1341 the nuclear morphology 1320:1341 In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. 28585864 1 80 dep bioavailability 109:123 arg1 The 101:103 The 101:103 The 101:103 The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). 28585864 6 81 theme FT-IR 953:957 arg1 spectra 959:965 The FT-IR spectra 949:965 The FT-IR spectra 949:965 The FT-IR spectra and XRD results revealed that BBR-loaded CMs were successfully synthesized via electrostatic interaction. 28585864 4 82 theme encapsulation 715:727 arg1 efficiency 729:738 encapsulation efficiency 715:738 encapsulation efficiency (EE) 715:743 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 28585864 4 82 theme encapsulation 715:727 arg1 EE 741:742 EE 741:742 EE 741:742 The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. 26916435 8 0 theme plasma 1027:1032 arg1 glucose 1034:1040 increased fasting plasma glucose 1009:1040 increased fasting plasma glucose 1009:1040 The HFD induced insulin resistance, increased fasting plasma glucose, enhanced ceramide accumulation and PP2A activity in skeletal muscle. 26916435 9 1 theme skeletal 1185:1192 arg1 sensitivity 1209:1219 enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity 1176:1219 enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity 1176:1219 Supplementation with UT improved plasma glucose homeostasis and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and body composition. 26916435 1 2 from studies 250:256 arg1 mechanism 274:282 mechanism 274:282 mechanism 274:282 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 1 2 from studies 250:256 arg1 efficacy 261:268 efficacy 261:268 efficacy 261:268 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 7 3 theme free 871:874 arg1 acids 882:886 excess free fatty acids 864:886 excess free fatty acids with or without UT 864:905 C2C12 myotubes exposed to excess free fatty acids with or without UT were also evaluated for insulin signaling and modulation of PP2A. 26916435 11 4 theme PP2A 1446:1449 arg1 activity 1451:1458 PP2A activity 1446:1458 PP2A activity 1446:1458 UT decreased PP2A activity through posttranslational modification that was accompanied by a reduction in Akt dephosphorylation. 26916435 5 5 theme insulin 651:657 arg1 sensitivity 659:669 insulin sensitivity 651:669 insulin sensitivity 651:669 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 9 6 theme muscle 1194:1199 arg1 sensitivity 1209:1219 enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity 1176:1219 enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity 1176:1219 Supplementation with UT improved plasma glucose homeostasis and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and body composition. 26916435 11 7 theme posttranslational 1468:1484 arg1 modification 1486:1497 posttranslational modification 1468:1497 posttranslational modification that was accompanied by a reduction in Akt dephosphorylation 1468:1558 UT decreased PP2A activity through posttranslational modification that was accompanied by a reduction in Akt dephosphorylation. 26916435 4 8 theme plasma 571:576 arg1 insulin 578:584 plasma insulin 571:584 plasma insulin 571:584 Body weight, body composition, plasma glucose and plasma insulin were monitored. 26916435 10 9 theme PP2A 1353:1356 arg1 hyperactivity 1358:1370 PP2A hyperactivity 1353:1370 PP2A hyperactivity 1353:1370 In myotubes, UT attenuated the ability of FFAs to induce insulin resistance and PP2A hyperactivity without affecting ceramide accumulation and PP2A expression. 26916435 0 10 theme skeletal 84:91 arg1 muscle 93:98 skeletal muscle 84:98 skeletal muscle 84:98 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 2 11 from resistance 369:378 arg1 muscle 392:397 skeletal muscle 383:397 skeletal muscle 383:397 We investigated the effects of UT on obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. 26916435 5 12 theme ceramide 672:679 arg1 accumulation 681:692 ceramide accumulation 672:692 ceramide accumulation 672:692 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 9 13 theme insulin 1201:1207 arg1 sensitivity 1209:1219 enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity 1176:1219 enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity 1176:1219 Supplementation with UT improved plasma glucose homeostasis and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and body composition. 26916435 1 14 theme action 287:292 arg1 mechanism 274:282 mechanism 274:282 mechanism 274:282 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 1 14 theme action 287:292 arg1 efficacy 261:268 efficacy 261:268 efficacy 261:268 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 10 15 theme insulin 1330:1336 arg1 resistance 1338:1347 insulin resistance 1330:1347 insulin resistance 1330:1347 In myotubes, UT attenuated the ability of FFAs to induce insulin resistance and PP2A hyperactivity without affecting ceramide accumulation and PP2A expression. 26916435 7 16 theme C2C12 838:842 arg1 myotubes 844:851 C2C12 myotubes 838:851 C2C12 myotubes exposed to excess free fatty acids with or without UT 838:905 C2C12 myotubes exposed to excess free fatty acids with or without UT were also evaluated for insulin signaling and modulation of PP2A. 26916435 10 17 theme PP2A 1416:1419 arg1 expression 1421:1430 PP2A expression 1416:1430 PP2A expression 1416:1430 In myotubes, UT attenuated the ability of FFAs to induce insulin resistance and PP2A hyperactivity without affecting ceramide accumulation and PP2A expression. 26916435 1 18 theme glucose 206:212 arg1 homeostasis 214:224 glucose homeostasis 206:224 glucose homeostasis 206:224 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 8 19 theme ceramide 1052:1059 arg1 accumulation 1061:1072 enhanced ceramide accumulation 1043:1072 enhanced ceramide accumulation 1043:1072 The HFD induced insulin resistance, increased fasting plasma glucose, enhanced ceramide accumulation and PP2A activity in skeletal muscle. 26916435 10 20 theme ceramide 1390:1397 arg1 accumulation 1399:1410 ceramide accumulation 1390:1410 ceramide accumulation 1390:1410 In myotubes, UT attenuated the ability of FFAs to induce insulin resistance and PP2A hyperactivity without affecting ceramide accumulation and PP2A expression. 26916435 3 21 theme Male 400:403 arg1 mice 414:417 Male C57BL/6J mice 400:417 Male C57BL/6J mice 400:417 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 3 22 theme low-fat 451:457 arg1 LFD 465:467 LFD 465:467 LFD 465:467 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 3 22 theme low-fat 451:457 arg1 groups 443:448 three groups 437:448 three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT 437:518 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 3 22 theme low-fat 451:457 arg1 diet 459:462 low-fat diet 451:462 low-fat diet (LFD) 451:468 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 5 23 theme 2A 770:771 arg1 activity 738:745 activity 738:745 activity 738:745 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 5 23 theme 2A 770:771 arg1 sensitivity 659:669 insulin sensitivity 651:669 insulin sensitivity 651:669 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 5 23 theme 2A 770:771 arg1 accumulation 681:692 ceramide accumulation 672:692 ceramide accumulation 672:692 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 5 23 theme 2A 770:771 arg1 modification 721:732 the post translational modification 698:732 the post translational modification 698:732 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 1 24 theme leaf 139:142 arg1 extract 144:150 The leaf extract 135:150 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) 135:175 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 8 25 theme enhanced 1043:1050 arg1 accumulation 1061:1072 enhanced ceramide accumulation 1043:1072 enhanced ceramide accumulation 1043:1072 The HFD induced insulin resistance, increased fasting plasma glucose, enhanced ceramide accumulation and PP2A activity in skeletal muscle. 26916435 4 26 theme body 534:537 arg1 composition 539:549 body composition 534:549 body composition 534:549 Body weight, body composition, plasma glucose and plasma insulin were monitored. 26916435 8 27 theme fasting 1019:1025 arg1 glucose 1034:1040 increased fasting plasma glucose 1009:1040 increased fasting plasma glucose 1009:1040 The HFD induced insulin resistance, increased fasting plasma glucose, enhanced ceramide accumulation and PP2A activity in skeletal muscle. 26916435 8 28 theme increased 1009:1017 arg1 glucose 1034:1040 increased fasting plasma glucose 1009:1040 increased fasting plasma glucose 1009:1040 The HFD induced insulin resistance, increased fasting plasma glucose, enhanced ceramide accumulation and PP2A activity in skeletal muscle. 26916435 3 29 theme high-fat 471:478 arg1 groups 443:448 three groups 437:448 three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT 437:518 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 3 29 theme high-fat 471:478 arg1 HFD 486:488 HFD 486:488 HFD 486:488 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 3 29 theme high-fat 471:478 arg1 diet 480:483 high-fat diet 471:483 high-fat diet (HFD) 471:489 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 4 30 theme plasma 552:557 arg1 glucose 559:565 plasma glucose 552:565 plasma glucose 552:565 Body weight, body composition, plasma glucose and plasma insulin were monitored. 26916435 0 31 theme Urtica 14:19 arg1 extract 3:9 An extract 0:9 An extract of Urtica dioica L. 0:29 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 10 32 theme FFAs 1315:1318 arg1 ability 1304:1310 the ability 1300:1310 the ability of FFAs to induce insulin resistance and PP2A hyperactivity without affecting ceramide accumulation and PP2A expression 1300:1430 In myotubes, UT attenuated the ability of FFAs to induce insulin resistance and PP2A hyperactivity without affecting ceramide accumulation and PP2A expression. 26916435 1 33 theme Urtica 155:160 arg1 L 169:169 Urtica dioica L 155:169 Urtica dioica L. (UT) 155:175 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 1 33 theme Urtica 155:160 arg1 UT 173:174 UT 173:174 UT 173:174 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 2 34 theme insulin 361:367 arg1 resistance 369:378 obesity- induced insulin resistance 344:378 obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle 344:397 We investigated the effects of UT on obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. 26916435 0 35 theme phosphatase 112:122 arg1 2A 124:125 protein phosphatase 2A 104:125 protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) 104:132 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 0 35 theme phosphatase 112:122 arg1 PP2A 128:131 PP2A 128:131 PP2A 128:131 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 3 36 dep groups 443:448 arg1 groups 443:448 three groups 437:448 three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT 437:518 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 3 36 dep groups 443:448 arg1 HFD 495:497 HFD 495:497 HFD 495:497 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 3 36 dep groups 443:448 arg1 diet 480:483 high-fat diet 471:483 high-fat diet (HFD) 471:489 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 3 36 dep groups 443:448 arg1 diet 459:462 low-fat diet 451:462 low-fat diet (LFD) 451:468 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 3 36 dep groups 443:448 arg1 LFD 465:467 LFD 465:467 LFD 465:467 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 3 36 dep groups 443:448 arg1 HFD 486:488 HFD 486:488 HFD 486:488 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 2 37 theme obesity- 344:351 arg1 resistance 369:378 obesity- induced insulin resistance 344:378 obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle 344:397 We investigated the effects of UT on obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. 26916435 2 38 theme induced 353:359 arg1 resistance 369:378 obesity- induced insulin resistance 344:378 obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle 344:397 We investigated the effects of UT on obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. 26916435 9 39 theme body 1255:1258 arg1 composition 1260:1270 body composition 1255:1270 body composition 1255:1270 Supplementation with UT improved plasma glucose homeostasis and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and body composition. 26916435 0 40 theme protein 104:110 arg1 2A 124:125 protein phosphatase 2A 104:125 protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) 104:132 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 0 40 theme protein 104:110 arg1 PP2A 128:131 PP2A 128:131 PP2A 128:131 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 9 41 with Supplementation 1112:1126 arg1 UT 1133:1134 UT 1133:1134 UT 1133:1134 Supplementation with UT improved plasma glucose homeostasis and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and body composition. 26916435 1 42 theme L 169:169 arg1 extract 144:150 The leaf extract 135:150 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) 135:175 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 8 43 theme skeletal 1095:1102 arg1 muscle 1104:1109 skeletal muscle 1095:1109 skeletal muscle 1095:1109 The HFD induced insulin resistance, increased fasting plasma glucose, enhanced ceramide accumulation and PP2A activity in skeletal muscle. 26916435 7 44 theme insulin 931:937 arg1 signaling 939:947 insulin signaling 931:947 insulin signaling 931:947 C2C12 myotubes exposed to excess free fatty acids with or without UT were also evaluated for insulin signaling and modulation of PP2A. 26916435 8 45 theme PP2A 1078:1081 arg1 activity 1083:1090 PP2A activity 1078:1090 PP2A activity 1078:1090 The HFD induced insulin resistance, increased fasting plasma glucose, enhanced ceramide accumulation and PP2A activity in skeletal muscle. 26916435 2 46 theme UT 338:339 arg1 effects 327:333 the effects 323:333 the effects of UT on obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle 323:397 We investigated the effects of UT on obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. 26916435 5 47 theme protein 750:756 arg1 PP2A 774:777 PP2A 774:777 PP2A 774:777 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 5 47 theme protein 750:756 arg1 2A 770:771 protein phosphatase 2A 750:771 protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) 750:778 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 5 48 theme Skeletal 602:609 arg1 gastrocnemius 619:631 gastrocnemius 619:631 gastrocnemius 619:631 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 5 48 theme Skeletal 602:609 arg1 muscle 611:616 Skeletal muscle 602:616 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) 602:632 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 1 49 dep Urtica 155:160 arg1 dioica 162:167 dioica 162:167 dioica 162:167 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 5 50 theme post 702:705 arg1 modification 721:732 the post translational modification 698:732 the post translational modification 698:732 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 0 51 theme obesity 41:47 arg1 resistance 65:74 obesity induced insulin resistance 41:74 obesity induced insulin resistance 41:74 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 1 52 theme definitive 239:248 arg1 studies 250:256 definitive studies 239:256 definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action 239:292 The leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. 26916435 11 53 theme Akt 1538:1540 arg1 dephosphorylation 1542:1558 Akt dephosphorylation 1538:1558 Akt dephosphorylation 1538:1558 UT decreased PP2A activity through posttranslational modification that was accompanied by a reduction in Akt dephosphorylation. 26916435 2 54 theme skeletal 383:390 arg1 muscle 392:397 skeletal muscle 383:397 skeletal muscle 383:397 We investigated the effects of UT on obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. 26916435 9 55 theme plasma 1145:1150 arg1 homeostasis 1160:1170 plasma glucose homeostasis 1145:1170 plasma glucose homeostasis 1145:1170 Supplementation with UT improved plasma glucose homeostasis and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and body composition. 26916435 9 56 theme glucose 1152:1158 arg1 homeostasis 1160:1170 plasma glucose homeostasis 1145:1170 plasma glucose homeostasis 1145:1170 Supplementation with UT improved plasma glucose homeostasis and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and body composition. 26916435 2 57 from effects 327:333 arg1 resistance 369:378 obesity- induced insulin resistance 344:378 obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle 344:397 We investigated the effects of UT on obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. 26916435 0 58 from muscle 93:98 arg1 mice 79:82 mice 79:82 mice 79:82 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 0 59 dep Urtica 14:19 arg1 L. 28:29 Urtica dioica L. 14:29 Urtica dioica L. 14:29 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 3 60 theme C57BL/6J 405:412 arg1 mice 414:417 Male C57BL/6J mice 400:417 Male C57BL/6J mice 400:417 Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. 26916435 8 61 theme insulin 989:995 arg1 resistance 997:1006 insulin resistance 989:1006 insulin resistance 989:1006 The HFD induced insulin resistance, increased fasting plasma glucose, enhanced ceramide accumulation and PP2A activity in skeletal muscle. 26916435 7 62 theme fatty 876:880 arg1 acids 882:886 excess free fatty acids 864:886 excess free fatty acids with or without UT 864:905 C2C12 myotubes exposed to excess free fatty acids with or without UT were also evaluated for insulin signaling and modulation of PP2A. 26916435 7 63 theme PP2A 967:970 arg1 signaling 939:947 insulin signaling 931:947 insulin signaling 931:947 C2C12 myotubes exposed to excess free fatty acids with or without UT were also evaluated for insulin signaling and modulation of PP2A. 26916435 7 63 theme PP2A 967:970 arg1 modulation 953:962 modulation 953:962 modulation of PP2A 953:970 C2C12 myotubes exposed to excess free fatty acids with or without UT were also evaluated for insulin signaling and modulation of PP2A. 26916435 0 64 theme insulin 57:63 arg1 resistance 65:74 obesity induced insulin resistance 41:74 obesity induced insulin resistance 41:74 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 4 65 theme Body 521:524 arg1 weight 526:531 Body weight 521:531 Body weight 521:531 Body weight, body composition, plasma glucose and plasma insulin were monitored. 26916435 5 66 theme phosphatase 758:768 arg1 PP2A 774:777 PP2A 774:777 PP2A 774:777 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 5 66 theme phosphatase 758:768 arg1 2A 770:771 protein phosphatase 2A 750:771 protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) 750:778 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 0 67 theme induced 49:55 arg1 resistance 65:74 obesity induced insulin resistance 41:74 obesity induced insulin resistance 41:74 An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 9 68 theme enhanced 1176:1183 arg1 sensitivity 1209:1219 enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity 1176:1219 enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity 1176:1219 Supplementation with UT improved plasma glucose homeostasis and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and body composition. 26916435 5 69 theme translational 707:719 arg1 modification 721:732 the post translational modification 698:732 the post translational modification 698:732 Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). 26916435 7 70 theme excess 864:869 arg1 acids 882:886 excess free fatty acids 864:886 excess free fatty acids with or without UT 864:905 C2C12 myotubes exposed to excess free fatty acids with or without UT were also evaluated for insulin signaling and modulation of PP2A. 26916435 9 71 theme body 1239:1242 arg1 weight 1244:1249 body weight 1239:1249 body weight 1239:1249 Supplementation with UT improved plasma glucose homeostasis and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and body composition. 26916435 11 72 from reduction 1525:1533 arg1 dephosphorylation 1542:1558 Akt dephosphorylation 1538:1558 Akt dephosphorylation 1538:1558 UT decreased PP2A activity through posttranslational modification that was accompanied by a reduction in Akt dephosphorylation. 25177730 2 0 theme EO 428:429 arg1 's 430:431 modified starch microencapsulated EO's 394:431 modified starch microencapsulated EO's 394:431 Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO's was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). 25177730 6 1 theme EO 920:921 arg1 's 922:923 EO's 920:923 EO's 920:923 Chemical composition of EO's varied according to the solvent used for GC analysis and to volatile fraction as evaluated by HS-SPME. 25177730 6 2 theme volatile 985:992 arg1 fraction 994:1001 volatile fraction 985:1001 volatile fraction 985:1001 Chemical composition of EO's varied according to the solvent used for GC analysis and to volatile fraction as evaluated by HS-SPME. 25177730 7 3 theme volatile 1145:1152 arg1 fraction 1154:1161 the volatile fraction 1141:1161 the volatile fraction 1141:1161 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 10 4 from oregano 1602:1608 arg1 's 1594:1595 EO's 1592:1595 EO's from oregano 1592:1608 Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO's from oregano. 25177730 10 4 from oregano 1602:1608 arg1 stability 1579:1587 stability 1579:1587 stability of EO's from oregano 1579:1608 Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO's from oregano. 25177730 9 5 theme antimicrobial 1370:1382 arg1 activity 1384:1391 antimicrobial activity 1370:1391 antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO's 1370:1417 EO's showed good stability after 3 months storage at 4°C, where antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO's remained the same, while free EO's decreased 41% (MXO) and 67% (EUO) from initial activity. 25177730 2 6 theme microencapsulated 410:426 arg1 's 430:431 modified starch microencapsulated EO's 394:431 modified starch microencapsulated EO's 394:431 Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO's was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). 25177730 7 7 theme fraction 1154:1161 arg1 component 1128:1136 the main component 1119:1136 the main component of the volatile fraction 1119:1161 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 7 7 theme fraction 1154:1161 arg1 carvacrol 1105:1113 carvacrol 1105:1113 carvacrol 1105:1113 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 9 8 theme microencapsulated 1396:1412 arg1 EO 1414:1415 microencapsulated EO's 1396:1417 microencapsulated EO's 1396:1417 EO's showed good stability after 3 months storage at 4°C, where antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO's remained the same, while free EO's decreased 41% (MXO) and 67% (EUO) from initial activity. 25177730 8 9 theme fraction 1296:1303 arg1 latter 1248:1253 latter 1248:1253 latter 1248:1253 EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 8 9 theme fraction 1296:1303 arg1 component 1270:1278 the main component 1261:1278 the main component of the volatile fraction 1261:1303 EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 7 10 theme main 1123:1126 arg1 component 1128:1136 the main component 1119:1136 the main component of the volatile fraction 1119:1161 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 7 10 theme main 1123:1126 arg1 carvacrol 1105:1113 carvacrol 1105:1113 carvacrol 1105:1113 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 8 11 theme main 1265:1268 arg1 latter 1248:1253 latter 1248:1253 latter 1248:1253 EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 8 11 theme main 1265:1268 arg1 component 1270:1278 the main component 1261:1278 the main component of the volatile fraction 1261:1303 EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 1 12 theme chemical 232:239 arg1 composition 241:251 the chemical composition 228:251 the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) 228:355 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 2 13 theme headspace-solid-phase 450:470 arg1 HS-SPME 489:495 HS-SPME 489:495 HS-SPME 489:495 Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO's was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). 25177730 2 13 theme headspace-solid-phase 450:470 arg1 microextraction 472:486 headspace-solid-phase microextraction 450:486 headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) 450:496 Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO's was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). 25177730 10 14 theme 's 1594:1595 arg1 stability 1579:1587 stability 1579:1587 stability of EO's from oregano 1579:1608 Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO's from oregano. 25177730 8 15 theme major 1224:1228 arg1 γ-terpinene 1199:1209 γ-terpinene 1199:1209 γ-terpinene (pentane) 1199:1219 EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 8 15 theme major 1224:1228 arg1 α-pinene 1175:1182 α-pinene 1175:1182 α-pinene (methanol) 1175:1193 EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 8 15 theme major 1224:1228 arg1 constituents 1230:1241 major constituents 1224:1241 major constituents 1224:1241 EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 1 16 theme MXO 322:324 arg1 EO 287:288 EO's 287:290 EO's 287:290 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 1 16 theme MXO 322:324 arg1 oils 281:284 hydrodistilled essential oils 256:284 hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) 256:355 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 5 17 theme free 782:785 arg1 activity 820:827 their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity 776:827 their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity 776:827 Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO's and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. 25177730 10 18 theme EO 1592:1593 arg1 's 1594:1595 EO's 1592:1595 EO's from oregano 1592:1608 Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO's from oregano. 25177730 5 19 theme inhibitory 809:818 arg1 activity 820:827 their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity 776:827 their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity 776:827 Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO's and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. 25177730 7 20 theme main 1059:1062 arg1 component 1064:1072 the main component 1055:1072 the main component in essential oil of MXO 1055:1096 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 7 20 theme main 1059:1062 arg1 Thymol 1028:1033 Thymol 1028:1033 Thymol (both solvents) 1028:1049 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 9 21 theme initial 1493:1499 arg1 activity 1501:1508 initial activity 1493:1508 initial activity 1493:1508 EO's showed good stability after 3 months storage at 4°C, where antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO's remained the same, while free EO's decreased 41% (MXO) and 67% (EUO) from initial activity. 25177730 7 22 theme MXO 1094:1096 arg1 oil 1087:1089 essential oil 1077:1089 essential oil of MXO 1077:1096 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 5 23 theme EO 767:768 arg1 's 769:770 EO's 767:770 EO's 767:770 Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO's and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. 25177730 7 24 theme essential 1077:1085 arg1 oil 1087:1089 essential oil 1077:1089 essential oil of MXO 1077:1096 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 10 25 from stability 1579:1587 arg1 oregano 1602:1608 oregano 1602:1608 oregano 1602:1608 Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO's from oregano. 25177730 9 26 theme free 1444:1447 arg1 EO 1449:1450 free EO's 1444:1452 free EO's 1444:1452 EO's showed good stability after 3 months storage at 4°C, where antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO's remained the same, while free EO's decreased 41% (MXO) and 67% (EUO) from initial activity. 25177730 5 27 theme 's 769:770 arg1 components 753:762 the main components 744:762 the main components of EO's 744:770 Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO's and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. 25177730 1 28 theme hydrodistilled 256:269 arg1 EO 287:288 EO's 287:290 EO's 287:290 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 1 28 theme hydrodistilled 256:269 arg1 oils 281:284 hydrodistilled essential oils 256:284 hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) 256:355 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 9 29 theme good 1318:1321 arg1 stability 1323:1331 good stability 1318:1331 good stability 1318:1331 EO's showed good stability after 3 months storage at 4°C, where antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO's remained the same, while free EO's decreased 41% (MXO) and 67% (EUO) from initial activity. 25177730 0 30 dep Mexican 77:83 arg1 oils 165:168 oregano essential oils 147:168 oregano essential oils 147:168 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 9 31 theme months 1341:1346 arg1 storage 1348:1354 3 months storage 1339:1354 3 months storage 1339:1354 EO's showed good stability after 3 months storage at 4°C, where antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO's remained the same, while free EO's decreased 41% (MXO) and 67% (EUO) from initial activity. 25177730 0 32 theme chemical 20:27 arg1 characterization 29:44 chemical characterization 20:44 chemical characterization 20:44 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 1 33 theme essential 271:279 arg1 EO 287:288 EO's 287:290 EO's 287:290 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 1 33 theme essential 271:279 arg1 oils 281:284 hydrodistilled essential oils 256:284 hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) 256:355 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 0 34 theme European 116:123 arg1 Microencapsulation 0:17 Microencapsulation 0:17 Microencapsulation 0:17 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 0 34 theme European 116:123 arg1 characterization 29:44 chemical characterization 20:44 chemical characterization 20:44 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 0 34 theme European 116:123 arg1 activity 65:72 antimicrobial activity 51:72 antimicrobial activity 51:72 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 1 35 theme Origanum 331:338 arg1 EO 287:288 EO's 287:290 EO's 287:290 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 1 35 theme Origanum 331:338 arg1 oils 281:284 hydrodistilled essential oils 256:284 hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) 256:355 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 3 36 theme antimicrobial 503:515 arg1 activity 517:524 The antimicrobial activity 499:524 The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO's 499:559 The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO's was evaluated. 25177730 1 37 theme solvent 185:191 arg1 polarity 193:200 solvent polarity 185:200 solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) 185:223 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 2 38 theme starch 403:408 arg1 's 430:431 modified starch microencapsulated EO's 394:431 modified starch microencapsulated EO's 394:431 Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO's was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). 25177730 1 39 theme oils 281:284 arg1 composition 241:251 the chemical composition 228:251 the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) 228:355 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 0 40 theme vulgare 135:141 arg1 European 116:123 European 116:123 European 116:123 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 0 40 theme vulgare 135:141 arg1 L. 143:144 Origanum vulgare L. 126:144 Origanum vulgare L. 126:144 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 1 41 theme vulgare 340:346 arg1 L 348:348 vulgare L 340:348 vulgare L 340:348 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 3 42 theme microencapsulated 538:554 arg1 's 558:559 free and microencapsulated EO's 529:559 free and microencapsulated EO's 529:559 The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO's was evaluated. 25177730 1 43 theme polarity 193:200 arg1 effect 175:180 The effect 171:180 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) 171:355 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 2 44 theme modified 394:401 arg1 's 430:431 modified starch microencapsulated EO's 394:431 modified starch microencapsulated EO's 394:431 Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO's was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). 25177730 0 45 theme Origanum 126:133 arg1 European 116:123 European 116:123 European 116:123 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 0 45 theme Origanum 126:133 arg1 L. 143:144 Origanum vulgare L. 126:144 Origanum vulgare L. 126:144 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 3 46 theme EO 556:557 arg1 's 558:559 free and microencapsulated EO's 529:559 free and microencapsulated EO's 529:559 The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO's was evaluated. 25177730 5 47 theme microencapsulated 791:807 arg1 activity 820:827 their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity 776:827 their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity 776:827 Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO's and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. 25177730 5 48 theme main 748:751 arg1 components 753:762 the main components 744:762 the main components of EO's 744:770 Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO's and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. 25177730 6 49 theme Chemical 896:903 arg1 composition 905:915 Chemical composition 896:915 Chemical composition of EO's 896:923 Chemical composition of EO's varied according to the solvent used for GC analysis and to volatile fraction as evaluated by HS-SPME. 25177730 6 50 theme 's 922:923 arg1 composition 905:915 Chemical composition 896:915 Chemical composition of EO's 896:923 Chemical composition of EO's varied according to the solvent used for GC analysis and to volatile fraction as evaluated by HS-SPME. 25177730 3 51 theme free 529:532 arg1 's 558:559 free and microencapsulated EO's 529:559 free and microencapsulated EO's 529:559 The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO's was evaluated. 25177730 10 52 theme antimicrobial 1543:1555 arg1 activity 1557:1564 most antimicrobial activity 1538:1564 most antimicrobial activity 1538:1564 Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO's from oregano. 25177730 0 53 theme antimicrobial 51:63 arg1 activity 65:72 antimicrobial activity 51:72 antimicrobial activity 51:72 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 8 54 theme volatile 1287:1294 arg1 fraction 1296:1303 the volatile fraction 1283:1303 the volatile fraction 1283:1303 EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 10 55 theme most 1538:1541 arg1 activity 1557:1564 most antimicrobial activity 1538:1564 most antimicrobial activity 1538:1564 Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO's from oregano. 25177730 1 56 dep MXO 322:324 arg1 L 348:348 vulgare L 340:348 vulgare L 340:348 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 0 57 theme essential 155:163 arg1 oils 165:168 oregano essential oils 147:168 oregano essential oils 147:168 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 1 58 dep polarity 193:200 arg1 pentane 216:222 pentane 216:222 pentane 216:222 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 1 58 dep polarity 193:200 arg1 methanol 203:210 methanol 203:210 methanol 203:210 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 7 59 from component 1064:1072 arg1 oil 1087:1089 essential oil 1077:1089 essential oil of MXO 1077:1096 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 25177730 5 60 theme additive 870:877 arg1 effect 888:893 an additive combined effect 867:893 an additive combined effect 867:893 Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO's and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. 25177730 0 61 theme oregano 147:153 arg1 oils 165:168 oregano essential oils 147:168 oregano essential oils 147:168 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 5 62 theme combined 879:886 arg1 effect 888:893 an additive combined effect 867:893 an additive combined effect 867:893 Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO's and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. 25177730 6 63 theme GC 966:967 arg1 analysis 969:976 GC analysis 966:976 GC analysis 966:976 Chemical composition of EO's varied according to the solvent used for GC analysis and to volatile fraction as evaluated by HS-SPME. 25177730 0 64 theme Mexican 77:83 arg1 Microencapsulation 0:17 Microencapsulation 0:17 Microencapsulation 0:17 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 0 64 theme Mexican 77:83 arg1 characterization 29:44 chemical characterization 20:44 chemical characterization 20:44 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 0 64 theme Mexican 77:83 arg1 activity 65:72 antimicrobial activity 51:72 antimicrobial activity 51:72 Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. 25177730 3 65 theme 's 558:559 arg1 activity 517:524 The antimicrobial activity 499:524 The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO's 499:559 The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO's was evaluated. 25177730 1 66 from effect 175:180 arg1 composition 241:251 the chemical composition 228:251 the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) 228:355 The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. 25177730 2 67 theme 's 430:431 arg1 Composition 379:389 Composition 379:389 Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO's 379:431 Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO's was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). 25177730 7 68 dep solvents 1041:1048 arg1 both 1036:1039 both 1036:1039 both 1036:1039 Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. 26689611 7 0 theme secondary 975:983 arg1 caries 985:990 secondary caries 975:990 secondary caries 975:990 The OLD and WLD were directly related to the extent of secondary caries. 26689611 3 1 theme CR 572:573 arg1 group 563:567 group 4 563:569 group 4 563:569 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 1 theme CR 572:573 arg1 restoration 575:585 CR restoration 572:585 CR restoration 572:585 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 1 2 from restorations 246:257 arg1 GIC 216:218 GIC 216:218 GIC 216:218 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 2 from restorations 246:257 arg1 cement 208:213 glass ionomer cement 194:213 glass ionomer cement (GIC) 194:219 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 3 theme fluoride 129:136 arg1 use 103:105 the use 99:105 the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations 99:257 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 6 4 dep depth 830:834 arg1 OLD 837:839 OLD 837:839 OLD 837:839 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 13 5 theme 38 1545:1546 arg1 % 1547:1547 % 1547:1547 % 1547:1547 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF can increase resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries. 26689611 2 6 theme sound 288:292 arg1 premolars 294:302 Six extracted human sound premolars 268:302 METHODS Six extracted human sound premolars 260:302 METHODS Six extracted human sound premolars were collected. 26689611 10 7 theme SDF 1284:1286 arg1 conditioning 1288:1299 SDF conditioning 1284:1299 SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) 1284:1311 The OLD was less in restorations with SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) than in those without SDF conditioning. 26689611 10 7 theme SDF 1284:1286 arg1 < 1304:1304 P < 0.001 1302:1310 P < 0.001 1302:1310 The OLD was less in restorations with SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) than in those without SDF conditioning. 26689611 10 8 theme P 1302:1302 arg1 conditioning 1288:1299 SDF conditioning 1284:1299 SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) 1284:1311 The OLD was less in restorations with SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) than in those without SDF conditioning. 26689611 10 8 theme P 1302:1302 arg1 < 1304:1304 P < 0.001 1302:1310 P < 0.001 1302:1310 The OLD was less in restorations with SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) than in those without SDF conditioning. 26689611 3 9 theme CR 543:544 arg1 restoration 546:556 CR restoration 543:556 CR restoration 543:556 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 9 theme CR 543:544 arg1 group 513:517 group 3 513:519 group 3 513:519 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 13 10 theme secondary 1607:1615 arg1 caries 1617:1622 secondary caries 1607:1622 secondary caries 1607:1622 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF can increase resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries. 26689611 11 11 theme SDF 1430:1432 arg1 conditioning 1434:1445 SDF conditioning 1430:1445 SDF conditioning (P = 0.062) 1430:1457 No interaction effect on OLD was found between the restorative materials and SDF conditioning (P = 0.062). 26689611 4 12 theme thermal 594:600 arg1 cycling 602:608 thermal cycling 594:608 thermal cycling 594:608 After thermal cycling and sterilisation, the teeth were soaked in a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days. 26689611 1 13 theme % 112:112 arg1 SDF 139:141 SDF 139:141 SDF 139:141 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 13 theme % 112:112 arg1 fluoride 129:136 38% silver diamine fluoride 110:136 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) 110:142 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 11 14 theme interaction 1356:1366 arg1 effect 1368:1373 No interaction effect 1353:1373 No interaction effect on OLD 1353:1380 No interaction effect on OLD was found between the restorative materials and SDF conditioning (P = 0.062). 26689611 9 15 theme ± 1179:1179 arg1 μm 1184:1185 235 ± 33 μm 1175:1185 235 ± 33 μm 1175:1185 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 15 theme ± 1179:1179 arg1 μm 1171:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 4 16 theme sucrose 659:665 arg1 solution 667:674 a 5% sucrose solution 654:674 a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days 654:748 After thermal cycling and sterilisation, the teeth were soaked in a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days. 26689611 10 17 with restorations 1266:1277 arg1 conditioning 1288:1299 SDF conditioning 1284:1299 SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) 1284:1311 The OLD was less in restorations with SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) than in those without SDF conditioning. 26689611 10 17 with restorations 1266:1277 arg1 < 1304:1304 P < 0.001 1302:1310 P < 0.001 1302:1310 The OLD was less in restorations with SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) than in those without SDF conditioning. 26689611 3 18 theme following 410:418 arg1 groups 432:437 the following restoration groups 406:437 the following restoration groups 406:437 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 8 19 theme SDF 1057:1059 arg1 materials 1090:1098 SDF conditioning and restorative materials 1057:1098 SDF conditioning and restorative materials 1057:1098 Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of SDF conditioning and restorative materials on OLD. 26689611 13 20 theme % 1547:1547 arg1 SDF 1549:1551 38% SDF 1545:1551 38% SDF 1545:1551 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF can increase resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries. 26689611 7 21 dep OLD 924:926 arg1 The 920:922 The 920:922 The 920:922 The OLD and WLD were directly related to the extent of secondary caries. 26689611 9 22 theme ± 1125:1125 arg1 values 1150:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 22 theme ± 1125:1125 arg1 μm 1171:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 4 23 theme % 657:657 arg1 solution 667:674 a 5% sucrose solution 654:674 a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days 654:748 After thermal cycling and sterilisation, the teeth were soaked in a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days. 26689611 3 24 theme restoration 420:430 arg1 groups 432:437 the following restoration groups 406:437 the following restoration groups 406:437 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 13 25 theme CLINICAL 1505:1512 arg1 Conditioning 1527:1538 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning 1505:1538 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF 1505:1551 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF can increase resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries. 26689611 6 26 theme interface 895:903 arg1 depth 830:834 The outer lesion depth 813:834 The outer lesion depth (OLD) 813:840 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 6 26 theme interface 895:903 arg1 WLD 865:867 WLD 865:867 WLD 865:867 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 6 26 theme interface 895:903 arg1 depth 858:862 wall lesion depth 846:862 wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface 846:903 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 7 27 theme caries 985:990 arg1 extent 965:970 the extent 961:970 the extent of secondary caries 961:990 The OLD and WLD were directly related to the extent of secondary caries. 26689611 9 28 theme standard 1127:1134 arg1 values 1150:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 28 theme standard 1127:1134 arg1 μm 1171:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 29 theme deviation 1136:1144 arg1 values 1150:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 29 theme deviation 1136:1144 arg1 μm 1171:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 30 theme mean 1120:1123 arg1 values 1150:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 30 theme mean 1120:1123 arg1 μm 1171:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 6 31 theme tooth-restoration 877:893 arg1 interface 895:903 the tooth-restoration interface 873:903 the tooth-restoration interface 873:903 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 8 32 theme Two-way 993:999 arg1 analysis 1001:1008 Two-way analysis 993:1008 Two-way analysis of variance 993:1020 Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of SDF conditioning and restorative materials on OLD. 26689611 6 33 theme lesion 823:828 arg1 depth 830:834 The outer lesion depth 813:834 The outer lesion depth (OLD) 813:840 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 12 34 located detected 1472:1479 arg2 WLD 1464:1466 The WLD 1460:1466 The WLD 1460:1466 The WLD was detected only in groups 3 and 4. 26689611 12 34 located detected 1472:1479 arg1 groups 1489:1494 groups 3 and 4 1489:1502 groups 3 and 4 1489:1502 The WLD was detected only in groups 3 and 4. 26689611 3 35 theme SDF 449:451 arg1 conditioning 453:464 SDF conditioning 449:464 SDF conditioning 449:464 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 35 theme SDF 449:451 arg1 group 440:444 group 1 440:446 group 1 440:446 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 5 36 used used 781:784 arg2 tomography 766:775 Micro-computed tomography 751:775 Micro-computed tomography 751:775 Micro-computed tomography was used to study demineralisation. 26689611 0 37 theme caries 24:29 arg1 Prevention 0:9 Prevention 0:9 Prevention of secondary caries by silver diamine fluoride 0:56 Prevention of secondary caries by silver diamine fluoride. 26689611 1 38 theme composite 225:233 arg1 resin 235:239 composite resin 225:239 composite resin (CR) restorations 225:257 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 38 theme composite 225:233 arg1 CR 242:243 CR 242:243 CR 242:243 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 8 39 theme variance 1013:1020 arg1 analysis 1001:1008 Two-way analysis 993:1008 Two-way analysis of variance 993:1020 Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of SDF conditioning and restorative materials on OLD. 26689611 13 40 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1514:1525 arg1 Conditioning 1527:1538 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning 1505:1538 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF 1505:1551 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF can increase resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries. 26689611 9 41 theme ± 1208:1208 arg1 μm 1213:1214 232 ± 24 μm 1204:1214 232 ± 24 μm 1204:1214 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 41 theme ± 1208:1208 arg1 μm 1171:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 2 42 dep METHODS 260:266 arg1 premolars 294:302 Six extracted human sound premolars 268:302 METHODS Six extracted human sound premolars 260:302 METHODS Six extracted human sound premolars were collected. 26689611 1 43 theme resin 235:239 arg1 restorations 246:257 composite resin (CR) restorations 225:257 composite resin (CR) restorations 225:257 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 9 44 dep groups 1220:1225 arg1 1-4 1227:1229 1-4 1227:1229 1-4 1227:1229 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 45 theme ± 1192:1192 arg1 μm 1197:1198 153 ± 20 μm 1188:1198 153 ± 20 μm 1188:1198 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 45 theme ± 1192:1192 arg1 μm 1171:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 8 46 theme conditioning 1061:1072 arg1 materials 1090:1098 SDF conditioning and restorative materials 1057:1098 SDF conditioning and restorative materials 1057:1098 Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of SDF conditioning and restorative materials on OLD. 26689611 0 47 theme silver 34:39 arg1 fluoride 49:56 silver diamine fluoride 34:56 silver diamine fluoride 34:56 Prevention of secondary caries by silver diamine fluoride. 26689611 5 48 theme Micro-computed 751:764 arg1 tomography 766:775 Micro-computed tomography 751:775 Micro-computed tomography 751:775 Micro-computed tomography was used to study demineralisation. 26689611 11 49 theme restorative 1404:1414 arg1 materials 1416:1424 the restorative materials 1400:1424 the restorative materials 1400:1424 No interaction effect on OLD was found between the restorative materials and SDF conditioning (P = 0.062). 26689611 3 50 theme GIC 470:472 arg1 restoration 474:484 GIC restoration 470:484 GIC restoration 470:484 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 50 theme GIC 470:472 arg1 group 440:444 group 1 440:446 group 1 440:446 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 8 51 theme materials 1090:1098 arg1 effects 1046:1052 the effects 1042:1052 the effects of SDF conditioning and restorative materials on OLD 1042:1105 Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of SDF conditioning and restorative materials on OLD. 26689611 13 52 theme GIC 1580:1582 arg1 restorations 1591:1602 GIC and CR restorations 1580:1602 GIC and CR restorations 1580:1602 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF can increase resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries. 26689611 3 53 theme GIC 496:498 arg1 group 487:491 group 2 487:493 group 2 487:493 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 53 theme GIC 496:498 arg1 restoration 500:510 GIC restoration 496:510 GIC restoration 496:510 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 6 54 theme wall 846:849 arg1 WLD 865:867 WLD 865:867 WLD 865:867 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 6 54 theme wall 846:849 arg1 depth 858:862 wall lesion depth 846:862 wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface 846:903 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 1 55 theme secondary 174:182 arg1 caries 184:189 secondary caries 174:189 secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) 174:219 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 13 56 with Conditioning 1527:1538 arg1 SDF 1549:1551 38% SDF 1545:1551 38% SDF 1545:1551 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF can increase resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries. 26689611 9 57 theme ± 1166:1166 arg1 values 1150:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 57 theme ± 1166:1166 arg1 μm 1213:1214 232 ± 24 μm 1204:1214 232 ± 24 μm 1204:1214 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 57 theme ± 1166:1166 arg1 μm 1197:1198 153 ± 20 μm 1188:1198 153 ± 20 μm 1188:1198 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 57 theme ± 1166:1166 arg1 μm 1184:1185 235 ± 33 μm 1175:1185 235 ± 33 μm 1175:1185 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 57 theme ± 1166:1166 arg1 μm 1171:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 6 58 theme outer 817:821 arg1 depth 830:834 The outer lesion depth 813:834 The outer lesion depth (OLD) 813:840 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 4 59 theme 5 656:656 arg1 % 657:657 % 657:657 % 657:657 After thermal cycling and sterilisation, the teeth were soaked in a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days. 26689611 2 60 theme human 282:286 arg1 premolars 294:302 Six extracted human sound premolars 268:302 METHODS Six extracted human sound premolars 260:302 METHODS Six extracted human sound premolars were collected. 26689611 0 61 theme diamine 41:47 arg1 fluoride 49:56 silver diamine fluoride 34:56 silver diamine fluoride 34:56 Prevention of secondary caries by silver diamine fluoride. 26689611 11 62 from effect 1368:1373 arg1 OLD 1378:1380 OLD 1378:1380 OLD 1378:1380 No interaction effect on OLD was found between the restorative materials and SDF conditioning (P = 0.062). 26689611 11 63 dep conditioning 1434:1445 arg1 = 1450:1450 = 1450:1450 = 1450:1450 No interaction effect on OLD was found between the restorative materials and SDF conditioning (P = 0.062). 26689611 3 64 theme SDF 522:524 arg1 group 513:517 group 3 513:519 group 3 513:519 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 64 theme SDF 522:524 arg1 conditioning 526:537 SDF conditioning 522:537 SDF conditioning 522:537 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 8 65 from effects 1046:1052 arg1 OLD 1103:1105 OLD 1103:1105 OLD 1103:1105 Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of SDF conditioning and restorative materials on OLD. 26689611 2 66 theme extracted 272:280 arg1 premolars 294:302 Six extracted human sound premolars 268:302 METHODS Six extracted human sound premolars 260:302 METHODS Six extracted human sound premolars were collected. 26689611 10 67 theme SDF 1335:1337 arg1 conditioning 1339:1350 SDF conditioning 1335:1350 SDF conditioning 1335:1350 The OLD was less in restorations with SDF conditioning (P < 0.001) than in those without SDF conditioning. 26689611 3 68 dep prepared 358:365 arg1 group 563:567 group 4 563:569 group 4 563:569 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 68 dep prepared 358:365 arg1 restoration 474:484 GIC restoration 470:484 GIC restoration 470:484 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 68 dep prepared 358:365 arg1 restoration 500:510 GIC restoration 496:510 GIC restoration 496:510 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 68 dep prepared 358:365 arg1 group 440:444 group 1 440:446 group 1 440:446 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 68 dep prepared 358:365 arg1 group 513:517 group 3 513:519 group 3 513:519 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 68 dep prepared 358:365 arg1 restoration 546:556 CR restoration 543:556 CR restoration 543:556 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 68 dep prepared 358:365 arg1 group 487:491 group 2 487:493 group 2 487:493 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 68 dep prepared 358:365 arg1 restoration 575:585 CR restoration 572:585 CR restoration 572:585 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 68 dep prepared 358:365 arg1 conditioning 453:464 SDF conditioning 449:464 SDF conditioning 449:464 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 3 68 dep prepared 358:365 arg1 conditioning 526:537 SDF conditioning 522:537 SDF conditioning 522:537 Four cavities (4 × 2 × 2 mm(3) ) were prepared on each premolar and then allocated to the following restoration groups: group 1, SDF conditioning and GIC restoration; group 2, GIC restoration; group 3, SDF conditioning and CR restoration; and group 4, CR restoration. 26689611 1 69 from caries 184:189 arg1 GIC 216:218 GIC 216:218 GIC 216:218 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 69 from caries 184:189 arg1 cement 208:213 glass ionomer cement 194:213 glass ionomer cement (GIC) 194:219 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 70 theme 38 110:111 arg1 % 112:112 % 112:112 % 112:112 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 4 71 contain containing 676:685 arg1 solution 667:674 a 5% sucrose solution 654:674 a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days 654:748 After thermal cycling and sterilisation, the teeth were soaked in a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days. 26689611 4 71 contain containing 676:685 arg2 acidophilus 726:736 Lactobacillus acidophilus 712:736 Lactobacillus acidophilus 712:736 After thermal cycling and sterilisation, the teeth were soaked in a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days. 26689611 4 71 contain containing 676:685 arg2 mutans 701:706 Streptococcus mutans 687:706 Streptococcus mutans 687:706 After thermal cycling and sterilisation, the teeth were soaked in a 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days. 26689611 8 72 used used 1026:1029 arg2 analysis 1001:1008 Two-way analysis 993:1008 Two-way analysis of variance 993:1020 Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of SDF conditioning and restorative materials on OLD. 26689611 9 73 theme OLD 1146:1148 arg1 values 1150:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 73 theme OLD 1146:1148 arg1 μm 1171:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 1 74 dep PURPOSE 59:65 arg1 aimed 78:82 aimed 78:82 aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations 78:257 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 13 75 theme CR 1588:1589 arg1 restorations 1591:1602 GIC and CR restorations 1580:1602 GIC and CR restorations 1580:1602 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF can increase resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries. 26689611 6 76 theme lesion 851:856 arg1 WLD 865:867 WLD 865:867 WLD 865:867 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 6 76 theme lesion 851:856 arg1 depth 858:862 wall lesion depth 846:862 wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface 846:903 The outer lesion depth (OLD) and wall lesion depth (WLD) of the tooth-restoration interface were measured. 26689611 9 77 dep RESULTS 1108:1114 arg1 values 1150:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 The mean ± standard deviation OLD values 1116:1155 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 77 dep RESULTS 1108:1114 arg1 μm 1213:1214 232 ± 24 μm 1204:1214 232 ± 24 μm 1204:1214 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 77 dep RESULTS 1108:1114 arg1 μm 1197:1198 153 ± 20 μm 1188:1198 153 ± 20 μm 1188:1198 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 77 dep RESULTS 1108:1114 arg1 μm 1184:1185 235 ± 33 μm 1175:1185 235 ± 33 μm 1175:1185 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 9 77 dep RESULTS 1108:1114 arg1 μm 1171:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 156 ± 45 μm 1162:1172 RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation OLD values were 156 ± 45 μm, 235 ± 33 μm, 153 ± 20 μm and 232 ± 24 μm for groups 1-4, respectively. 26689611 8 78 theme restorative 1078:1088 arg1 materials 1090:1098 SDF conditioning and restorative materials 1057:1098 SDF conditioning and restorative materials 1057:1098 Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of SDF conditioning and restorative materials on OLD. 26689611 1 79 theme silver 114:119 arg1 SDF 139:141 SDF 139:141 SDF 139:141 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 79 theme silver 114:119 arg1 fluoride 129:136 38% silver diamine fluoride 110:136 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) 110:142 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 13 80 theme restorations 1591:1602 arg1 resistance 1566:1575 resistance 1566:1575 resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries 1566:1622 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning with 38% SDF can increase resistance of GIC and CR restorations to secondary caries. 26689611 1 81 theme glass 194:198 arg1 GIC 216:218 GIC 216:218 GIC 216:218 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 81 theme glass 194:198 arg1 cement 208:213 glass ionomer cement 194:213 glass ionomer cement (GIC) 194:219 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 0 82 theme secondary 14:22 arg1 caries 24:29 secondary caries 14:29 secondary caries 14:29 Prevention of secondary caries by silver diamine fluoride. 26689611 1 83 theme diamine 121:127 arg1 SDF 139:141 SDF 139:141 SDF 139:141 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 83 theme diamine 121:127 arg1 fluoride 129:136 38% silver diamine fluoride 110:136 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) 110:142 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 84 theme ionomer 200:206 arg1 GIC 216:218 GIC 216:218 GIC 216:218 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26689611 1 84 theme ionomer 200:206 arg1 cement 208:213 glass ionomer cement 194:213 glass ionomer cement (GIC) 194:219 PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a treatment for preventing secondary caries in glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin (CR) restorations. 26468518 6 0 theme growth 1343:1348 arg1 defects 1350:1356 the growth defects 1339:1356 the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage 1339:1403 The atprx71-1 mutation partially suppresses the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1, suggesting that AtPRX71 contributes to the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage. 26468518 3 1 theme pectin 661:666 arg1 gene 632:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene 610:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 610:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 1 theme pectin 661:666 arg1 methyltransferase 668:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase 650:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 650:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 1 theme pectin 661:666 arg1 plants 694:699 qua2-1 plants 687:699 qua2-1 plants 687:699 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 2 2 theme molecular 331:339 arg1 unknown 403:409 unknown 403:409 unknown 403:409 However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these negative effects are largely unknown. 26468518 2 2 theme molecular 331:339 arg1 mechanisms 341:350 the molecular mechanisms 327:350 the molecular mechanisms responsible for these negative effects 327:389 However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these negative effects are largely unknown. 26468518 5 3 theme cell 1209:1212 arg1 expansion 1214:1222 cell expansion 1209:1222 cell expansion 1209:1222 Analysis of atprx71 loss-of-function mutants and plants overexpressing AtPRX71 indicates that this gene negatively influences Arabidopsis growth at different stages of development, likely limiting cell expansion. 26468518 8 4 theme cell 1594:1597 arg1 walls 1599:1603 cell walls 1594:1603 cell walls 1594:1603 We propose that AtPRX71 contributes to strengthen cell walls, therefore restricting cell expansion, during normal growth and in response to cell wall damage. 26468518 0 5 theme Physiological 79:91 arg1 Conditions 93:102 Physiological Conditions 79:102 Physiological Conditions 79:102 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 Negatively Regulates Growth under Physiological Conditions and in Response to Cell Wall Damage. 26468518 5 6 theme plants 1061:1066 arg1 Analysis 1012:1019 Analysis 1012:1019 Analysis of atprx71 loss-of-function mutants and plants overexpressing AtPRX71 1012:1089 Analysis of atprx71 loss-of-function mutants and plants overexpressing AtPRX71 indicates that this gene negatively influences Arabidopsis growth at different stages of development, likely limiting cell expansion. 26468518 7 7 theme reactive 1462:1469 arg1 species 1478:1484 reactive oxygen species 1462:1484 reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben 1462:1541 Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. 26468518 0 8 from Growth 66:71 arg1 Response 111:118 Response 111:118 Response to Cell Wall Damage 111:138 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 Negatively Regulates Growth under Physiological Conditions and in Response to Cell Wall Damage. 26468518 4 9 theme qua2-1 873:878 arg1 plants 880:885 qua2-1 plants 873:885 qua2-1 plants 873:885 Here, we show that expression of Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE71 (AtPRX71), encoding a class III peroxidase, strongly increases in 35S:AnPGII and qua2-1 plants as well as in response to treatments with the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben, which also impairs cell wall integrity. 26468518 7 10 from plants 1514:1519 arg1 production 1448:1457 the production 1444:1457 the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben 1444:1541 Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. 26468518 6 11 theme atprx71-1 1229:1237 arg1 mutation 1239:1246 The atprx71-1 mutation 1225:1246 The atprx71-1 mutation 1225:1246 The atprx71-1 mutation partially suppresses the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1, suggesting that AtPRX71 contributes to the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage. 26468518 8 12 theme normal 1651:1656 arg1 growth 1658:1663 normal growth 1651:1663 normal growth 1651:1663 We propose that AtPRX71 contributes to strengthen cell walls, therefore restricting cell expansion, during normal growth and in response to cell wall damage. 26468518 5 13 theme different 1160:1168 arg1 stages 1170:1175 different stages 1160:1175 different stages of development 1160:1190 Analysis of atprx71 loss-of-function mutants and plants overexpressing AtPRX71 indicates that this gene negatively influences Arabidopsis growth at different stages of development, likely limiting cell expansion. 26468518 7 14 from plants 1496:1501 arg1 production 1448:1457 the production 1444:1457 the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben 1444:1541 Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. 26468518 3 15 theme qua2-1 687:692 arg1 methyltransferase 668:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase 650:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 650:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 15 theme qua2-1 687:692 arg1 plants 694:699 qua2-1 plants 687:699 qua2-1 plants 687:699 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 4 16 theme class 814:818 arg1 peroxidase 824:833 a class III peroxidase 812:833 a class III peroxidase 812:833 Here, we show that expression of Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE71 (AtPRX71), encoding a class III peroxidase, strongly increases in 35S:AnPGII and qua2-1 plants as well as in response to treatments with the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben, which also impairs cell wall integrity. 26468518 3 17 from expression 508:517 arg1 gene 632:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene 610:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 610:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 17 from expression 508:517 arg1 methyltransferase 668:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase 650:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 650:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 18 theme polygalacturonase 544:560 arg1 II 562:563 the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II 522:563 the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) 522:591 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 1 19 theme cell 242:245 arg1 components 263:272 cell wall structural components 242:272 cell wall structural components 242:272 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 6 20 theme dwarf 1273:1277 arg1 phenotype 1279:1287 the dwarf phenotype 1269:1287 the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1 1269:1297 The atprx71-1 mutation partially suppresses the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1, suggesting that AtPRX71 contributes to the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage. 26468518 1 21 theme cell 162:165 arg1 wall 167:170 the cell wall 158:170 the cell wall 158:170 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 5 22 theme mutants 1049:1055 arg1 Analysis 1012:1019 Analysis 1012:1019 Analysis of atprx71 loss-of-function mutants and plants overexpressing AtPRX71 1012:1089 Analysis of atprx71 loss-of-function mutants and plants overexpressing AtPRX71 indicates that this gene negatively influences Arabidopsis growth at different stages of development, likely limiting cell expansion. 26468518 3 23 with plants 447:452 arg1 composition 474:484 altered pectin composition 459:484 altered pectin composition 459:484 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 24 theme Aspergillus 526:536 arg1 II 562:563 the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II 522:563 the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) 522:591 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 1 25 theme wall 167:170 arg1 structure 145:153 The structure 141:153 The structure of the cell wall 141:170 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 0 26 theme Arabidopsis 4:14 arg1 AtPRX71 37:43 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 0:43 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 0:43 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 Negatively Regulates Growth under Physiological Conditions and in Response to Cell Wall Damage. 26468518 5 27 theme loss-of-function 1032:1047 arg1 mutants 1049:1055 atprx71 loss-of-function mutants 1024:1055 atprx71 loss-of-function mutants 1024:1055 Analysis of atprx71 loss-of-function mutants and plants overexpressing AtPRX71 indicates that this gene negatively influences Arabidopsis growth at different stages of development, likely limiting cell expansion. 26468518 6 28 located observed 1358:1365 arg2 defects 1350:1356 the growth defects 1339:1356 the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage 1339:1403 The atprx71-1 mutation partially suppresses the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1, suggesting that AtPRX71 contributes to the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage. 26468518 6 28 located observed 1358:1365 arg1 plants 1370:1375 plants 1370:1375 plants undergoing cell wall damage 1370:1403 The atprx71-1 mutation partially suppresses the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1, suggesting that AtPRX71 contributes to the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage. 26468518 3 29 from mutation 598:605 arg1 gene 632:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene 610:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 610:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 29 from mutation 598:605 arg1 methyltransferase 668:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase 650:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 650:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 30 theme Arabidopsis 412:422 arg1 plants 447:452 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants 412:452 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition 412:484 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 30 theme Arabidopsis 412:422 arg1 thaliana 437:444 Arabidopsis thaliana 425:444 Arabidopsis thaliana 425:444 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 4 31 theme cellulose 933:941 arg1 inhibitor 952:960 the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben 929:969 the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben 929:969 Here, we show that expression of Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE71 (AtPRX71), encoding a class III peroxidase, strongly increases in 35S:AnPGII and qua2-1 plants as well as in response to treatments with the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben, which also impairs cell wall integrity. 26468518 1 32 theme wall 247:250 arg1 components 263:272 cell wall structural components 242:272 cell wall structural components 242:272 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 7 33 theme oxygen 1471:1476 arg1 species 1478:1484 reactive oxygen species 1462:1484 reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben 1462:1541 Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. 26468518 4 34 with treatments 913:922 arg1 inhibitor 952:960 the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben 929:969 the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben 929:969 Here, we show that expression of Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE71 (AtPRX71), encoding a class III peroxidase, strongly increases in 35S:AnPGII and qua2-1 plants as well as in response to treatments with the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben, which also impairs cell wall integrity. 26468518 8 35 theme wall 1689:1692 arg1 damage 1694:1699 cell wall damage 1684:1699 cell wall damage 1684:1699 We propose that AtPRX71 contributes to strengthen cell walls, therefore restricting cell expansion, during normal growth and in response to cell wall damage. 26468518 1 36 theme structural 252:261 arg1 components 263:272 cell wall structural components 242:272 cell wall structural components 242:272 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 0 37 theme Wall 128:131 arg1 Damage 133:138 Cell Wall Damage 123:138 Cell Wall Damage 123:138 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 Negatively Regulates Growth under Physiological Conditions and in Response to Cell Wall Damage. 26468518 3 38 theme II 562:563 arg1 expression 508:517 the expression 504:517 the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) 504:591 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 38 theme II 562:563 arg1 mutation 598:605 a mutation 596:605 a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 596:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 8 39 theme cell 1684:1687 arg1 damage 1694:1699 cell wall damage 1684:1699 cell wall damage 1684:1699 We propose that AtPRX71 contributes to strengthen cell walls, therefore restricting cell expansion, during normal growth and in response to cell wall damage. 26468518 1 40 theme major 178:182 arg1 impact 184:189 a major impact 176:189 a major impact on plant growth and development 176:221 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 0 41 theme Class 16:20 arg1 AtPRX71 37:43 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 0:43 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 0:43 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 Negatively Regulates Growth under Physiological Conditions and in Response to Cell Wall Damage. 26468518 1 42 theme components 263:272 arg1 alteration 228:237 alteration 228:237 alteration of cell wall structural components 228:272 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 0 43 theme Cell 123:126 arg1 Damage 133:138 Cell Wall Damage 123:138 Cell Wall Damage 123:138 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 Negatively Regulates Growth under Physiological Conditions and in Response to Cell Wall Damage. 26468518 3 44 theme QUASIMODO2 614:623 arg1 gene 632:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene 610:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 610:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 44 theme QUASIMODO2 614:623 arg1 methyltransferase 668:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase 650:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 650:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 45 theme altered 459:465 arg1 composition 474:484 altered pectin composition 459:484 altered pectin composition 459:484 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 6 46 theme cell 1388:1391 arg1 damage 1398:1403 cell wall damage 1388:1403 cell wall damage 1388:1403 The atprx71-1 mutation partially suppresses the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1, suggesting that AtPRX71 contributes to the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage. 26468518 5 47 theme Arabidopsis 1138:1148 arg1 growth 1150:1155 Arabidopsis growth 1138:1155 Arabidopsis growth 1138:1155 Analysis of atprx71 loss-of-function mutants and plants overexpressing AtPRX71 indicates that this gene negatively influences Arabidopsis growth at different stages of development, likely limiting cell expansion. 26468518 6 48 theme qua2-1 1292:1297 arg1 phenotype 1279:1287 the dwarf phenotype 1269:1287 the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1 1269:1297 The atprx71-1 mutation partially suppresses the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1, suggesting that AtPRX71 contributes to the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage. 26468518 1 49 contain has 172:174 arg1 structure 145:153 The structure 141:153 The structure of the cell wall 141:170 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 1 49 contain has 172:174 arg2 impact 184:189 a major impact 176:189 a major impact on plant growth and development 176:221 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 3 50 theme AnPGII 578:583 arg1 plants 585:590 AnPGII plants 578:590 AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants 566:590 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 8 51 theme cell 1628:1631 arg1 expansion 1633:1641 cell expansion 1628:1641 cell expansion 1628:1641 We propose that AtPRX71 contributes to strengthen cell walls, therefore restricting cell expansion, during normal growth and in response to cell wall damage. 26468518 0 52 theme Peroxidase 26:35 arg1 AtPRX71 37:43 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 0:43 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 0:43 The Arabidopsis Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 Negatively Regulates Growth under Physiological Conditions and in Response to Cell Wall Damage. 26468518 7 53 theme qua2-1 1489:1494 arg1 plants 1496:1501 qua2-1 plants 1489:1501 qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben 1489:1541 Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. 26468518 1 54 theme plant 194:198 arg1 growth 200:205 plant growth 194:205 plant growth 194:205 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 7 55 from production 1448:1457 arg1 plants 1496:1501 qua2-1 plants 1489:1501 qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben 1489:1541 Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. 26468518 7 55 from production 1448:1457 arg1 plants 1514:1519 plants 1514:1519 qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben 1489:1541 Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. 26468518 7 56 from species 1478:1484 arg1 plants 1496:1501 qua2-1 plants 1489:1501 qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben 1489:1541 Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. 26468518 7 56 from species 1478:1484 arg1 plants 1514:1519 plants 1514:1519 qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben 1489:1541 Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. 26468518 3 57 theme Arabidopsis 425:435 arg1 plants 447:452 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants 412:452 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition 412:484 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 57 theme Arabidopsis 425:435 arg1 thaliana 437:444 Arabidopsis thaliana 425:444 Arabidopsis thaliana 425:444 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 58 theme severe 711:716 arg1 defects 725:731 severe growth defects 711:731 severe growth defects 711:731 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 59 theme growth 718:723 arg1 defects 725:731 severe growth defects 711:731 severe growth defects 711:731 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 60 dep AnPGII 566:571 arg1 35S 574:576 35S 574:576 AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants 566:590 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 60 dep AnPGII 566:571 arg1 plants 585:590 AnPGII plants 578:590 AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants 566:590 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 7 61 theme species 1478:1484 arg1 production 1448:1457 the production 1444:1457 the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben 1444:1541 Furthermore, AtPRX71 seems to promote the production of reactive oxygen species in qua2-1 plants as well as plants treated with isoxaben. 26468518 4 62 theme Arabidopsis 767:777 arg1 expression 753:762 expression 753:762 expression 753:762 Here, we show that expression of Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE71 (AtPRX71), encoding a class III peroxidase, strongly increases in 35S:AnPGII and qua2-1 plants as well as in response to treatments with the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben, which also impairs cell wall integrity. 26468518 3 63 dep Aspergillus 526:536 arg1 niger 538:542 niger 538:542 niger 538:542 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 4 64 theme wall 996:999 arg1 integrity 1001:1009 cell wall integrity 991:1009 cell wall integrity 991:1009 Here, we show that expression of Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE71 (AtPRX71), encoding a class III peroxidase, strongly increases in 35S:AnPGII and qua2-1 plants as well as in response to treatments with the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben, which also impairs cell wall integrity. 26468518 1 65 theme biomass 298:304 arg1 production 306:315 biomass production 298:315 biomass production 298:315 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 1 66 from impact 184:189 arg1 development 211:221 development 211:221 development 211:221 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 1 66 from impact 184:189 arg1 growth 200:205 plant growth 194:205 plant growth 194:205 The structure of the cell wall has a major impact on plant growth and development, and alteration of cell wall structural components is often detrimental to biomass production. 26468518 3 67 theme pectin 467:472 arg1 composition 474:484 altered pectin composition 459:484 altered pectin composition 459:484 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 4 68 theme cell 991:994 arg1 integrity 1001:1009 cell wall integrity 991:1009 cell wall integrity 991:1009 Here, we show that expression of Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE71 (AtPRX71), encoding a class III peroxidase, strongly increases in 35S:AnPGII and qua2-1 plants as well as in response to treatments with the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben, which also impairs cell wall integrity. 26468518 3 69 theme QUA2 626:629 arg1 gene 632:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene 610:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 610:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 69 theme QUA2 626:629 arg1 methyltransferase 668:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase 650:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 650:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 5 70 theme development 1180:1190 arg1 stages 1170:1175 different stages 1160:1175 different stages of development 1160:1190 Analysis of atprx71 loss-of-function mutants and plants overexpressing AtPRX71 indicates that this gene negatively influences Arabidopsis growth at different stages of development, likely limiting cell expansion. 26468518 4 71 theme 35S 858:860 arg1 AnPGII 862:867 35S:AnPGII 858:867 35S:AnPGII 858:867 Here, we show that expression of Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE71 (AtPRX71), encoding a class III peroxidase, strongly increases in 35S:AnPGII and qua2-1 plants as well as in response to treatments with the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben, which also impairs cell wall integrity. 26468518 3 72 dep II 562:563 arg1 AnPGII 566:571 AnPGII 566:571 AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants 566:590 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 2 73 theme responsible 352:362 arg1 unknown 403:409 unknown 403:409 unknown 403:409 However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these negative effects are largely unknown. 26468518 2 73 theme responsible 352:362 arg1 mechanisms 341:350 the molecular mechanisms 327:350 the molecular mechanisms responsible for these negative effects 327:389 However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these negative effects are largely unknown. 26468518 2 74 theme negative 374:381 arg1 effects 383:389 these negative effects 368:389 these negative effects 368:389 However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these negative effects are largely unknown. 26468518 3 75 theme putative 652:659 arg1 gene 632:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene 610:635 the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 610:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 75 theme putative 652:659 arg1 methyltransferase 668:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase 650:684 a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants) 650:700 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 3 75 theme putative 652:659 arg1 plants 694:699 qua2-1 plants 687:699 qua2-1 plants 687:699 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered pectin composition because of either the expression of the Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II (AnPGII; 35S:AnPGII plants) or a mutation in the QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) gene that encodes a putative pectin methyltransferase (qua2-1 plants), display severe growth defects. 26468518 6 76 theme wall 1393:1396 arg1 damage 1398:1403 cell wall damage 1388:1403 cell wall damage 1388:1403 The atprx71-1 mutation partially suppresses the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1, suggesting that AtPRX71 contributes to the growth defects observed in plants undergoing cell wall damage. 26468518 4 77 theme synthase 943:950 arg1 inhibitor 952:960 the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben 929:969 the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben 929:969 Here, we show that expression of Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE71 (AtPRX71), encoding a class III peroxidase, strongly increases in 35S:AnPGII and qua2-1 plants as well as in response to treatments with the cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben, which also impairs cell wall integrity. 28437574 2 0 theme high 456:459 arg1 doses 472:476 low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses 438:476 low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses 438:476 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 6 1 theme lean 1016:1019 arg1 mass 1021:1024 lean mass 1016:1024 lean mass 1016:1024 High doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, supra-additively decreased BW, fat, and lean mass, and also decreased RQ and plasma leptin concentrations. 28437574 2 2 theme high 511:514 arg1 doses 526:530 low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses 493:530 low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses 493:530 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 6 3 theme plasma 1053:1058 arg1 concentrations 1067:1080 plasma leptin concentrations 1053:1080 plasma leptin concentrations 1053:1080 High doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, supra-additively decreased BW, fat, and lean mass, and also decreased RQ and plasma leptin concentrations. 28437574 2 4 theme diet-induced 341:352 arg1 rats 360:363 diet-induced obese rats 341:363 diet-induced obese rats 341:363 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 8 5 theme high 1209:1212 arg1 combinations 1219:1230 both low and high dose combinations 1196:1230 both low and high dose combinations 1196:1230 Importantly, lactoferrin and inulin at both low and high dose combinations, additively or supra-additively, decreased EI, BW, and adiposity. 28437574 4 6 dep RESULTS 709:715 arg1 RESULTS 709:715 RESULTS 709:715 RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses 709:751 RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses were ineffective, whereas high doses additively decreased EI and RQ. 28437574 4 6 dep RESULTS 709:715 arg1 inulin 733:738 inulin 733:738 inulin 733:738 RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses were ineffective, whereas high doses additively decreased EI and RQ. 28437574 4 6 dep RESULTS 709:715 arg1 Lactalbumin 717:727 Lactalbumin 717:727 Lactalbumin 717:727 RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses were ineffective, whereas high doses additively decreased EI and RQ. 28437574 3 7 theme Energy 558:563 arg1 EI 573:574 EI 573:574 EI 573:574 Energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), BW, body composition, plasma insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured. 28437574 3 7 theme Energy 558:563 arg1 intake 565:570 Energy intake 558:570 Energy intake (EI) 558:575 Energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), BW, body composition, plasma insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured. 28437574 1 8 theme whey 154:157 arg1 lactalbumin 178:188 lactalbumin 178:188 lactalbumin 178:188 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 1 8 theme whey 154:157 arg1 components 167:176 the whey protein components 150:176 the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin 150:204 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 1 8 theme whey 154:157 arg1 lactoferrin 194:204 lactoferrin 194:204 lactoferrin 194:204 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 3 9 theme plasma 652:657 arg1 insulin 659:665 plasma insulin 652:665 plasma insulin 652:665 Energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), BW, body composition, plasma insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured. 28437574 6 10 theme inulin 944:949 arg1 doses 919:923 High doses 914:923 High doses of lactoferrin and inulin 914:949 High doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, supra-additively decreased BW, fat, and lean mass, and also decreased RQ and plasma leptin concentrations. 28437574 3 11 theme body 634:637 arg1 composition 639:649 body composition 634:649 body composition 634:649 Energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), BW, body composition, plasma insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured. 28437574 0 12 theme obese 87:91 arg1 rats 93:96 obese rats 87:96 obese rats 87:96 Dietary lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact with inulin to modulate energy balance in obese rats. 28437574 3 13 theme energy 578:583 arg1 EE 598:599 EE 598:599 EE 598:599 Energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), BW, body composition, plasma insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured. 28437574 3 13 theme energy 578:583 arg1 expenditure 585:595 energy expenditure 578:595 energy expenditure (EE) 578:600 Energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), BW, body composition, plasma insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured. 28437574 2 14 theme w/w 503:505 arg1 % 501:501 7.5% w/w 498:505 7.5% w/w 498:505 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 1 15 theme food 278:281 arg1 intake 283:288 food intake 278:288 food intake 278:288 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 2 16 theme kcal 466:469 arg1 % 464:464 40% kcal 462:469 40% kcal 462:469 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 5 17 theme lean 895:898 arg1 mass 900:903 lean mass 895:903 lean mass 895:903 Low doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, BW, fat and lean mass, and RQ. 28437574 2 18 theme w/w 521:523 arg1 % 519:519 15% w/w 517:523 15% w/w 517:523 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 1 19 theme protein 159:165 arg1 lactalbumin 178:188 lactalbumin 178:188 lactalbumin 178:188 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 1 19 theme protein 159:165 arg1 components 167:176 the whey protein components 150:176 the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin 150:204 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 1 19 theme protein 159:165 arg1 lactoferrin 194:204 lactoferrin 194:204 lactoferrin 194:204 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 0 20 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 lactalbumin 8:18 Dietary lactalbumin 0:18 Dietary lactalbumin 0:18 Dietary lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact with inulin to modulate energy balance in obese rats. 28437574 4 21 theme high 779:782 arg1 doses 784:788 high doses 779:788 high doses 779:788 RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses were ineffective, whereas high doses additively decreased EI and RQ. 28437574 7 22 theme CONCLUSIONS 1083:1093 arg1 doses 1100:1104 CONCLUSIONS High doses 1083:1104 CONCLUSIONS High doses of lactalbumin and inulin 1083:1130 CONCLUSIONS High doses of lactalbumin and inulin additively decreased EI. 28437574 2 23 theme low 438:440 arg1 doses 472:476 low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses 438:476 low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses 438:476 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 24 dep low 438:440 arg1 % 445:445 20% kcal 443:450 20% kcal 443:450 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 25 dep METHODS 312:318 arg1 randomized 370:379 randomized 370:379 randomized 370:379 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 7 26 theme High 1095:1098 arg1 doses 1100:1104 CONCLUSIONS High doses 1083:1104 CONCLUSIONS High doses of lactalbumin and inulin 1083:1130 CONCLUSIONS High doses of lactalbumin and inulin additively decreased EI. 28437574 4 27 theme low 743:745 arg1 doses 747:751 low doses 743:751 low doses 743:751 RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses were ineffective, whereas high doses additively decreased EI and RQ. 28437574 5 28 theme inulin 851:856 arg1 doses 826:830 Low doses 822:830 Low doses of lactoferrin and inulin 822:856 Low doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, BW, fat and lean mass, and RQ. 28437574 6 29 theme lactoferrin 928:938 arg1 doses 919:923 High doses 914:923 High doses of lactoferrin and inulin 914:949 High doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, supra-additively decreased BW, fat, and lean mass, and also decreased RQ and plasma leptin concentrations. 28437574 1 30 theme body 294:297 arg1 BW 307:308 BW 307:308 BW 307:308 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 1 30 theme body 294:297 arg1 weight 299:304 body weight 294:304 body weight (BW) 294:309 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 8 31 theme dose 1214:1217 arg1 combinations 1219:1230 both low and high dose combinations 1196:1230 both low and high dose combinations 1196:1230 Importantly, lactoferrin and inulin at both low and high dose combinations, additively or supra-additively, decreased EI, BW, and adiposity. 28437574 4 32 from doses 747:751 arg1 RESULTS 709:715 RESULTS 709:715 RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses 709:751 RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses were ineffective, whereas high doses additively decreased EI and RQ. 28437574 4 32 from doses 747:751 arg1 inulin 733:738 inulin 733:738 inulin 733:738 RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses were ineffective, whereas high doses additively decreased EI and RQ. 28437574 4 32 from doses 747:751 arg1 Lactalbumin 717:727 Lactalbumin 717:727 Lactalbumin 717:727 RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses were ineffective, whereas high doses additively decreased EI and RQ. 28437574 2 33 theme kcal 447:450 arg1 % 445:445 20% kcal 443:450 20% kcal 443:450 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 34 dep high 511:514 arg1 % 519:519 15% w/w 517:523 15% w/w 517:523 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 35 dep high 456:459 arg1 % 464:464 40% kcal 462:469 40% kcal 462:469 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 8 36 from combinations 1219:1230 arg1 inulin 1186:1191 inulin 1186:1191 inulin 1186:1191 Importantly, lactoferrin and inulin at both low and high dose combinations, additively or supra-additively, decreased EI, BW, and adiposity. 28437574 8 36 from combinations 1219:1230 arg1 lactoferrin 1170:1180 lactoferrin 1170:1180 lactoferrin 1170:1180 Importantly, lactoferrin and inulin at both low and high dose combinations, additively or supra-additively, decreased EI, BW, and adiposity. 28437574 5 37 theme lactoferrin 835:845 arg1 doses 826:830 Low doses 822:830 Low doses of lactoferrin and inulin 822:856 Low doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, BW, fat and lean mass, and RQ. 28437574 2 38 from doses 526:530 arg1 inulin 483:488 inulin 483:488 inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses 483:530 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 38 from doses 526:530 arg1 lactoferrin 423:433 lactoferrin 423:433 lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses 423:476 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 38 from doses 526:530 arg1 lactalbumin 408:418 lactalbumin 408:418 lactalbumin 408:418 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 3 39 theme respiratory 603:613 arg1 quotient 615:622 respiratory quotient 603:622 respiratory quotient (RQ) 603:627 Energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), BW, body composition, plasma insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured. 28437574 3 39 theme respiratory 603:613 arg1 RQ 625:626 RQ 625:626 RQ 625:626 Energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), BW, body composition, plasma insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured. 28437574 2 40 contain containing 390:399 arg2 lactoferrin 423:433 lactoferrin 423:433 lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses 423:476 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 40 contain containing 390:399 arg1 diets 384:388 diets 384:388 diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses 384:530 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 40 contain containing 390:399 arg2 lactalbumin 408:418 lactalbumin 408:418 lactalbumin 408:418 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 40 contain containing 390:399 arg2 inulin 483:488 inulin 483:488 inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses 483:530 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 1 41 dep components 167:176 arg1 lactalbumin 178:188 lactalbumin 178:188 lactalbumin 178:188 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 1 41 dep components 167:176 arg1 components 167:176 the whey protein components 150:176 the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin 150:204 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 1 41 dep components 167:176 arg1 lactoferrin 194:204 lactoferrin 194:204 lactoferrin 194:204 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 28437574 8 42 theme low 1201:1203 arg1 combinations 1219:1230 both low and high dose combinations 1196:1230 both low and high dose combinations 1196:1230 Importantly, lactoferrin and inulin at both low and high dose combinations, additively or supra-additively, decreased EI, BW, and adiposity. 28437574 6 43 theme leptin 1060:1065 arg1 concentrations 1067:1080 plasma leptin concentrations 1053:1080 plasma leptin concentrations 1053:1080 High doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, supra-additively decreased BW, fat, and lean mass, and also decreased RQ and plasma leptin concentrations. 28437574 7 44 theme inulin 1125:1130 arg1 doses 1100:1104 CONCLUSIONS High doses 1083:1104 CONCLUSIONS High doses of lactalbumin and inulin 1083:1130 CONCLUSIONS High doses of lactalbumin and inulin additively decreased EI. 28437574 3 45 theme leptin 672:677 arg1 concentrations 679:692 leptin concentrations 672:692 leptin concentrations 672:692 Energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), BW, body composition, plasma insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured. 28437574 2 46 theme low 493:495 arg1 doses 526:530 low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses 493:530 low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses 493:530 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 47 from doses 472:476 arg1 inulin 483:488 inulin 483:488 inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses 483:530 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 47 from doses 472:476 arg1 lactoferrin 423:433 lactoferrin 423:433 lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses 423:476 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 2 47 from doses 472:476 arg1 lactalbumin 408:418 lactalbumin 408:418 lactalbumin 408:418 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 6 48 theme High 914:917 arg1 doses 919:923 High doses 914:923 High doses of lactoferrin and inulin 914:949 High doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, supra-additively decreased BW, fat, and lean mass, and also decreased RQ and plasma leptin concentrations. 28437574 0 49 theme energy 69:74 arg1 balance 76:82 energy balance 69:82 energy balance 69:82 Dietary lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact with inulin to modulate energy balance in obese rats. 28437574 7 50 theme lactalbumin 1109:1119 arg1 doses 1100:1104 CONCLUSIONS High doses 1083:1104 CONCLUSIONS High doses of lactalbumin and inulin 1083:1130 CONCLUSIONS High doses of lactalbumin and inulin additively decreased EI. 28437574 2 51 dep low 493:495 arg1 % 501:501 7.5% w/w 498:505 7.5% w/w 498:505 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 5 52 theme Low 822:824 arg1 doses 826:830 Low doses 822:830 Low doses of lactoferrin and inulin 822:856 Low doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, BW, fat and lean mass, and RQ. 28437574 2 53 theme obese 354:358 arg1 rats 360:363 diet-induced obese rats 341:363 diet-induced obese rats 341:363 METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. 28437574 1 54 theme energy 249:254 arg1 balance 256:262 energy balance 249:262 energy balance 249:262 OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). 27209456 6 0 theme cellulase 889:897 arg1 activity 899:906 cellulase activity 889:906 cellulase activity 889:906 The results showed that the sonication led to a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity and a decrease of cellulase activity. 27209456 5 1 theme olive 647:651 arg1 pomace 653:658 exhausted olive pomace 637:658 exhausted olive pomace 637:658 After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. 27209456 4 2 theme wastes 501:506 arg1 use 489:491 The use 485:491 The use of both wastes in SSF 485:513 The use of both wastes in SSF was evaluated and a screening of fungi for xylanase and cellulase production was carried out. 27209456 1 3 theme waste 154:158 arg1 waste 154:158 waste 154:158 waste 154:158 Olive mills generate a large amount of waste that can be revaluated. 27209456 1 3 theme waste 154:158 arg1 amount 144:149 a large amount 136:149 a large amount of waste that can be revaluated 136:181 Olive mills generate a large amount of waste that can be revaluated. 27209456 5 4 theme pomace 653:658 arg1 use 630:632 the use 626:632 the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger 626:680 After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. 27209456 7 5 used used 979:982 arg2 fraction 930:937 the liquid fraction 919:937 the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment 919:973 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 7 6 from effect 1031:1036 arg1 increase 1060:1067 3.6-fold increase 1051:1067 3.6-fold increase 1051:1067 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 7 6 from effect 1031:1036 arg1 cellulase 1074:1082 cellulase 1074:1082 cellulase (1.2-fold increase) 1074:1102 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 7 6 from effect 1031:1036 arg1 increase 1094:1101 1.2-fold increase 1085:1101 1.2-fold increase 1085:1101 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 7 6 from effect 1031:1036 arg1 xylanase 1041:1048 xylanase 1041:1048 xylanase (3.6-fold increase) 1041:1068 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 3 7 theme crude 364:368 arg1 pomace 390:395 crude and exhausted olive pomace 364:395 crude and exhausted olive pomace 364:395 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 3 7 theme crude 364:368 arg1 wastes 356:361 olive mill wastes 345:361 olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) 345:396 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 2 8 theme olive 307:311 arg1 wastes 318:323 ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes 284:323 ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes 284:323 This work aim to improve the production lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation using ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes. 27209456 2 9 theme mill 313:316 arg1 wastes 318:323 ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes 284:323 ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes 284:323 This work aim to improve the production lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation using ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes. 27209456 0 10 theme solid-state 89:99 arg1 fermentation 101:112 solid-state fermentation 89:112 solid-state fermentation 89:112 Ultrasounds pretreatment of olive pomace to improve xylanase and cellulase production by solid-state fermentation. 27209456 5 11 theme Aspergillus 664:674 arg1 niger 676:680 Aspergillus niger 664:680 Aspergillus niger 664:680 After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. 27209456 7 12 theme liquid 923:928 arg1 fraction 930:937 the liquid fraction 919:937 the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment 919:973 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 2 13 theme pretreated 296:305 arg1 wastes 318:323 ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes 284:323 ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes 284:323 This work aim to improve the production lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation using ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes. 27209456 3 14 theme wastes 356:361 arg1 composition 330:340 The composition 326:340 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) 326:396 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 5 15 theme ultrasounds 759:769 arg1 pre-treatment 771:783 ultrasounds pre-treatment 759:783 ultrasounds pre-treatment 759:783 After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. 27209456 6 16 theme activity 862:869 arg1 increase 841:848 a 3-fold increase 832:848 a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity 832:869 The results showed that the sonication led to a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity and a decrease of cellulase activity. 27209456 6 16 theme activity 862:869 arg1 decrease 877:884 a decrease 875:884 a decrease of cellulase activity 875:906 The results showed that the sonication led to a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity and a decrease of cellulase activity. 27209456 3 17 theme exhausted 374:382 arg1 pomace 390:395 crude and exhausted olive pomace 364:395 crude and exhausted olive pomace 364:395 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 3 17 theme exhausted 374:382 arg1 wastes 356:361 olive mill wastes 345:361 olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) 345:396 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 0 18 theme cellulase 65:73 arg1 production 75:84 xylanase and cellulase production 52:84 xylanase and cellulase production by solid-state fermentation 52:112 Ultrasounds pretreatment of olive pomace to improve xylanase and cellulase production by solid-state fermentation. 27209456 3 19 theme physicochemical 423:437 arg1 characteristics 439:453 several physicochemical characteristics 415:453 several physicochemical characteristics 415:453 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 0 20 theme Ultrasounds 0:10 arg1 pretreatment 12:23 Ultrasounds pretreatment 0:23 Ultrasounds pretreatment of olive pomace 0:39 Ultrasounds pretreatment of olive pomace to improve xylanase and cellulase production by solid-state fermentation. 27209456 5 21 used used 738:741 arg2 they 728:731 they 728:731 they 728:731 After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. 27209456 7 22 theme 1.2-fold 1085:1092 arg1 cellulase 1074:1082 cellulase 1074:1082 cellulase (1.2-fold increase) 1074:1102 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 7 22 theme 1.2-fold 1085:1092 arg1 increase 1094:1101 1.2-fold increase 1085:1101 1.2-fold increase 1085:1101 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 0 23 theme olive 28:32 arg1 pomace 34:39 olive pomace 28:39 olive pomace 28:39 Ultrasounds pretreatment of olive pomace to improve xylanase and cellulase production by solid-state fermentation. 27209456 4 24 from use 489:491 arg1 SSF 511:513 SSF 511:513 SSF 511:513 The use of both wastes in SSF was evaluated and a screening of fungi for xylanase and cellulase production was carried out. 27209456 5 25 theme pre-treatment 771:783 arg1 study 750:754 the study 746:754 the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment 746:783 After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. 27209456 3 26 theme olive 384:388 arg1 pomace 390:395 crude and exhausted olive pomace 364:395 crude and exhausted olive pomace 364:395 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 3 26 theme olive 384:388 arg1 wastes 356:361 olive mill wastes 345:361 olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) 345:396 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 4 27 theme cellulase 571:579 arg1 production 581:590 cellulase production 571:590 cellulase production 571:590 The use of both wastes in SSF was evaluated and a screening of fungi for xylanase and cellulase production was carried out. 27209456 5 28 theme enzyme 701:706 arg1 activities 708:717 the highest enzyme activities 689:717 the highest enzyme activities 689:717 After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. 27209456 1 29 theme Olive 115:119 arg1 mills 121:125 Olive mills 115:125 Olive mills 115:125 Olive mills generate a large amount of waste that can be revaluated. 27209456 7 30 theme positive 1022:1029 arg1 effect 1031:1036 a positive effect 1020:1036 a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) 1020:1102 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 2 31 theme lignocellulolytic 224:240 arg1 enzymes 242:248 the production lignocellulolytic enzymes 209:248 the production lignocellulolytic enzymes 209:248 This work aim to improve the production lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation using ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes. 27209456 0 32 theme pomace 34:39 arg1 pretreatment 12:23 Ultrasounds pretreatment 0:23 Ultrasounds pretreatment of olive pomace 0:39 Ultrasounds pretreatment of olive pomace to improve xylanase and cellulase production by solid-state fermentation. 27209456 3 33 theme several 415:421 arg1 characteristics 439:453 several physicochemical characteristics 415:453 several physicochemical characteristics 415:453 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 6 34 theme 3-fold 834:839 arg1 increase 841:848 a 3-fold increase 832:848 a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity 832:869 The results showed that the sonication led to a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity and a decrease of cellulase activity. 27209456 2 35 theme production 213:222 arg1 enzymes 242:248 the production lignocellulolytic enzymes 209:248 the production lignocellulolytic enzymes 209:248 This work aim to improve the production lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation using ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes. 27209456 0 36 theme xylanase 52:59 arg1 production 75:84 xylanase and cellulase production 52:84 xylanase and cellulase production by solid-state fermentation 52:112 Ultrasounds pretreatment of olive pomace to improve xylanase and cellulase production by solid-state fermentation. 27209456 5 37 theme niger 676:680 arg1 use 630:632 the use 626:632 the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger 626:680 After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. 27209456 7 38 theme effect 1031:1036 arg1 production 1104:1113 solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production 1010:1113 solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production 1010:1113 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 4 39 theme fungi 548:552 arg1 screening 535:543 a screening 533:543 a screening of fungi for xylanase and cellulase production 533:590 The use of both wastes in SSF was evaluated and a screening of fungi for xylanase and cellulase production was carried out. 27209456 5 40 theme highest 693:699 arg1 activities 708:717 the highest enzyme activities 689:717 the highest enzyme activities 689:717 After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. 27209456 5 41 theme exhausted 637:645 arg1 pomace 653:658 exhausted olive pomace 637:658 exhausted olive pomace 637:658 After screening, the use of exhausted olive pomace and Aspergillus niger led to the highest enzyme activities, so that they were used in the study of ultrasounds pre-treatment. 27209456 6 42 theme xylanase 853:860 arg1 activity 862:869 xylanase activity 853:869 xylanase activity 853:869 The results showed that the sonication led to a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity and a decrease of cellulase activity. 27209456 7 43 theme solid 1010:1014 arg1 production 1104:1113 solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production 1010:1113 solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production 1010:1113 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 2 44 theme work 189:192 arg1 aim 194:196 This work aim 184:196 This work aim 184:196 This work aim to improve the production lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation using ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes. 27209456 2 45 theme solid-state 253:263 arg1 fermentation 265:276 solid-state fermentation 253:276 solid-state fermentation using ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes 253:323 This work aim to improve the production lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation using ultrasounds pretreated olive mill wastes. 27209456 1 46 theme large 138:142 arg1 waste 154:158 waste 154:158 waste 154:158 Olive mills generate a large amount of waste that can be revaluated. 27209456 1 46 theme large 138:142 arg1 amount 144:149 a large amount 136:149 a large amount of waste that can be revaluated 136:181 Olive mills generate a large amount of waste that can be revaluated. 27209456 7 47 theme 3.6-fold 1051:1058 arg1 increase 1060:1067 3.6-fold increase 1051:1067 3.6-fold increase 1051:1067 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 7 47 theme 3.6-fold 1051:1058 arg1 xylanase 1041:1048 xylanase 1041:1048 xylanase (3.6-fold increase) 1041:1068 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27209456 3 48 theme olive 345:349 arg1 pomace 390:395 crude and exhausted olive pomace 364:395 crude and exhausted olive pomace 364:395 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 3 48 theme olive 345:349 arg1 wastes 356:361 olive mill wastes 345:361 olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) 345:396 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 3 49 theme mill 351:354 arg1 pomace 390:395 crude and exhausted olive pomace 364:395 crude and exhausted olive pomace 364:395 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 3 49 theme mill 351:354 arg1 wastes 356:361 olive mill wastes 345:361 olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) 345:396 The composition of olive mill wastes (crude and exhausted olive pomace) was compared and several physicochemical characteristics were significantly different. 27209456 6 50 theme activity 899:906 arg1 increase 841:848 a 3-fold increase 832:848 a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity 832:869 The results showed that the sonication led to a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity and a decrease of cellulase activity. 27209456 6 50 theme activity 899:906 arg1 decrease 877:884 a decrease 875:884 a decrease of cellulase activity 875:906 The results showed that the sonication led to a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity and a decrease of cellulase activity. 27209456 7 51 theme ultrasounds 953:963 arg1 treatment 965:973 ultrasounds treatment 953:973 ultrasounds treatment 953:973 Moreover, the liquid fraction obtained from ultrasounds treatment was used to adjust the moisture of solid and a positive effect on xylanase (3.6-fold increase) and cellulase (1.2-fold increase) production was obtained. 27830009 6 0 dep glycoproteins 1238:1250 arg1 patients 1345:1352 Chinese HCC patients 1333:1352 Chinese HCC patients with early HE 1333:1366 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 3 1 from patterns 410:417 arg1 patients 454:461 Chinese HCC patients 442:461 Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray 442:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 4 2 theme bisecting 586:594 arg1 structure 603:611 bisecting GlcNAc structure 586:611 bisecting GlcNAc structure 586:611 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 6 3 gly glycoproteins 1183:1195 arg1 glycoproteins 1183:1195 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins 1162:1195 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins 1162:1195 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 6 4 theme Chinese 1260:1266 arg1 patients 1272:1279 Chinese HCC patients 1260:1279 Chinese HCC patients without early HE 1260:1296 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 7 5 theme Chinese 1464:1470 arg1 patients 1476:1483 Chinese HCC patients 1464:1483 Chinese HCC patients with early HE 1464:1497 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 7 6 theme bioinformatics 1382:1395 arg1 analysis 1397:1404 bioinformatics analysis 1382:1404 bioinformatics analysis 1382:1404 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 6 7 theme serum 1232:1236 arg1 glycoproteins 1238:1250 12 serum glycoproteins only 1229:1255 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE 1229:1296 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 4 8 from patients 672:679 arg1 sera 650:653 sera 650:653 sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE 650:693 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 1 9 theme neuropsychiatric 198:213 arg1 complication 215:226 a severe neuropsychiatric complication 189:226 a severe neuropsychiatric complication 189:226 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 7 10 theme serum 1436:1440 arg1 glycoproteins 1442:1454 the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins 1415:1454 the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway 1415:1603 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 4 11 theme early 686:690 arg1 HE 692:693 early HE 686:693 early HE 686:693 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 6 12 theme which 1223:1227 arg1 glycoproteins 1238:1250 12 serum glycoproteins only 1229:1255 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE 1229:1296 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 6 12 theme which 1223:1227 arg1 glycoproteins 1311:1323 26 serum glycoproteins 1302:1323 26 serum glycoproteins 1302:1323 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 8 13 theme HCC 1819:1821 arg1 patients 1823:1830 HCC patients 1819:1830 HCC patients 1819:1830 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 6 14 theme serum 1305:1309 arg1 glycoproteins 1311:1323 26 serum glycoproteins 1302:1323 26 serum glycoproteins 1302:1323 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 2 15 theme accepted 316:323 arg1 biomarkers 325:334 widely accepted biomarkers 309:334 widely accepted biomarkers for diagnosing early HE 309:358 However, widely accepted biomarkers for diagnosing early HE are still absent. 27830009 6 16 gly glycoproteins 1311:1323 arg1 glycoproteins 1311:1323 26 serum glycoproteins 1302:1323 26 serum glycoproteins 1302:1323 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 1 17 theme Hepatic 158:164 arg1 encephalopathy 166:179 Hepatic encephalopathy 158:179 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication 158:226 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 1 17 theme Hepatic 158:164 arg1 HE 182:183 HE 182:183 HE 182:183 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 4 18 theme Chinese 660:666 arg1 patients 672:679 Chinese HCC patients 660:679 Chinese HCC patients with early HE 660:693 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 6 19 theme early 1289:1293 arg1 HE 1295:1296 early HE 1289:1296 early HE 1289:1296 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 1 20 located present 240:246 arg1 stage 259:263 the end stage 251:263 the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) 251:297 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 1 20 located present 240:246 arg2 HE 182:183 HE 182:183 HE 182:183 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 1 20 located present 240:246 arg2 encephalopathy 166:179 Hepatic encephalopathy 158:179 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication 158:226 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 6 21 gly glycoproteins 1238:1250 arg1 glycoproteins 1238:1250 12 serum glycoproteins only 1229:1255 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE 1229:1296 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 7 22 theme signaling 1587:1595 arg1 pathway 1597:1603 MAPK/ERK signaling pathway 1578:1603 MAPK/ERK signaling pathway 1578:1603 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 4 23 theme affinity 725:732 arg1 chromatography 734:747 lectin affinity chromatography 718:747 lectin affinity chromatography 718:747 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 1 24 from stage 259:263 arg1 present 240:246 present 240:246 present 240:246 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 5 25 theme α-1,3 939:943 arg1 O-GlcNAc 979:986 O-GlcNAc 979:986 O-GlcNAc 979:986 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 25 theme α-1,3 939:943 arg1 N-glycan 1026:1033 tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan 997:1033 tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan 997:1033 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 25 theme α-1,3 939:943 arg1 GalNAc 1039:1044 GalNAc 1039:1044 GalNAc 1039:1044 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 25 theme α-1,3 939:943 arg1 Neu5Ac 989:994 Neu5Ac 989:994 Neu5Ac 989:994 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 25 theme α-1,3 939:943 arg1 Man 945:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 25 theme α-1,3 939:943 arg1 n 976:976 (GlcNAc)n 968:976 (GlcNAc)n 968:976 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 25 theme α-1,3 939:943 arg1 GlcNAc 960:965 bisecting GlcNAc 950:965 bisecting GlcNAc 950:965 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 25 theme α-1,3 939:943 arg1 GalNAc 922:927 GalNAc 922:927 GalNAc 922:927 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 6 26 dep identified 1202:1211 arg1 glycoproteins 1238:1250 12 serum glycoproteins only 1229:1255 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE 1229:1296 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 6 26 dep identified 1202:1211 arg1 glycoproteins 1311:1323 26 serum glycoproteins 1302:1323 26 serum glycoproteins 1302:1323 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 8 27 theme proteins 1664:1671 arg1 study 1649:1653 the first glycomics study 1629:1653 the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE 1629:1701 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 8 27 theme proteins 1664:1671 arg1 this 1620:1623 this 1620:1623 this 1620:1623 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 6 28 theme glycoproteins 1183:1195 arg1 total 1153:1157 a total 1151:1157 a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins 1151:1195 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 6 29 theme early 1359:1363 arg1 HE 1365:1366 early HE 1359:1366 early HE 1359:1366 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 30 theme HCC 1110:1112 arg1 patients 1114:1121 Chinese HCC patients 1102:1121 Chinese HCC patients with early HE 1102:1135 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 8 31 theme serum 1766:1770 arg1 biomarkers 1772:1781 serum biomarkers 1766:1781 serum biomarkers 1766:1781 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 5 32 theme significant 889:899 arg1 reduction 901:909 statistically significant reduction 875:909 statistically significant reduction 875:909 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 7 33 theme signaling 1556:1564 arg1 pathway 1566:1572 p38 MAPK signaling pathway 1547:1572 p38 MAPK signaling pathway 1547:1572 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 7 34 theme p38 1547:1549 arg1 MAPK 1551:1554 p38 MAPK 1547:1554 p38 MAPK signaling pathway 1547:1572 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 4 35 theme phaseolus 516:524 arg1 PHA-E 554:558 PHA-E 554:558 PHA-E 554:558 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 4 35 theme phaseolus 516:524 arg1 erythroagglutinin 535:551 phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 516:551 phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) 516:559 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 8 36 with patients 1680:1687 arg1 HE 1700:1701 early HE 1694:1701 early HE 1694:1701 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 8 37 from study 1649:1653 arg1 patients 1680:1687 HCC patients 1676:1687 HCC patients with early HE 1676:1701 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 5 38 with patients 1114:1121 arg1 HE 1134:1135 early HE 1128:1135 early HE 1128:1135 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 0 39 theme Chinese 115:121 arg1 patients 148:155 Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients 115:155 Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients 115:155 Glycosylation patterns and PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling associated with early hepatic encephalopathy in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27830009 5 40 theme serum 1077:1081 arg1 glycoproteins 1083:1095 serum glycoproteins 1077:1095 serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE 1077:1135 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 4 41 theme Mass 781:784 arg1 MS 800:801 MS 800:801 MS 800:801 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 4 41 theme Mass 781:784 arg1 Spectrometry 786:797 Mass Spectrometry 781:797 Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis 781:811 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 0 42 theme carcinoma 138:146 arg1 patients 148:155 Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients 115:155 Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients 115:155 Glycosylation patterns and PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling associated with early hepatic encephalopathy in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27830009 3 43 gly glycosylation 396:408 arg1 proteins 428:435 serum proteins 422:435 serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray 422:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 8 44 theme early 1807:1811 arg1 HE 1813:1814 early HE 1807:1814 early HE in HCC patients 1807:1830 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 3 45 theme glycosylation 396:408 arg1 patterns 410:417 glycosylation patterns 396:417 glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray 396:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 3 46 theme Chinese 442:448 arg1 patients 454:461 Chinese HCC patients 442:461 Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray 442:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 0 47 theme Glycosylation 0:12 arg1 patterns 14:21 Glycosylation patterns 0:21 Glycosylation patterns 0:21 Glycosylation patterns and PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling associated with early hepatic encephalopathy in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27830009 3 48 theme early 479:483 arg1 HE 485:486 early HE 479:486 early HE by lectin microarray 479:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 6 49 from glycoproteins 1311:1323 arg1 patients 1272:1279 Chinese HCC patients 1260:1279 Chinese HCC patients without early HE 1260:1296 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 3 50 theme proteins 428:435 arg1 patterns 410:417 glycosylation patterns 396:417 glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray 396:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 4 51 theme lectin 566:571 arg1 binding 573:579 a lectin binding 564:579 a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure 564:611 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 0 52 theme glycoprotein 44:55 arg1 profiling 57:65 PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling 27:65 PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling 27:65 Glycosylation patterns and PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling associated with early hepatic encephalopathy in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27830009 0 53 theme early 83:87 arg1 encephalopathy 97:110 early hepatic encephalopathy 83:110 early hepatic encephalopathy 83:110 Glycosylation patterns and PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling associated with early hepatic encephalopathy in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27830009 5 54 from patients 1114:1121 arg1 glycoproteins 1083:1095 serum glycoproteins 1077:1095 serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE 1077:1135 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 55 theme complex-type 1013:1024 arg1 N-glycan 1026:1033 tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan 997:1033 tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan 997:1033 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 55 theme complex-type 1013:1024 arg1 Man 945:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 1 56 theme end 255:257 arg1 stage 259:263 the end stage 251:263 the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) 251:297 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 8 57 from HE 1813:1814 arg1 patients 1823:1830 HCC patients 1819:1830 HCC patients 1819:1830 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 8 58 theme early 1694:1698 arg1 HE 1700:1701 early HE 1694:1701 early HE 1694:1701 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 8 59 theme glycomics 1639:1647 arg1 study 1649:1653 the first glycomics study 1629:1653 the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE 1629:1701 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 8 59 theme glycomics 1639:1647 arg1 this 1620:1623 this 1620:1623 this 1620:1623 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 7 60 theme HCC 1472:1474 arg1 patients 1476:1483 Chinese HCC patients 1464:1483 Chinese HCC patients with early HE 1464:1497 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 6 61 theme HCC 1268:1270 arg1 patients 1272:1279 Chinese HCC patients 1260:1279 Chinese HCC patients without early HE 1260:1296 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 1 62 theme Carcinoma 283:291 arg1 stage 259:263 the end stage 251:263 the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) 251:297 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 4 63 with binding 573:579 arg1 structure 603:611 bisecting GlcNAc structure 586:611 bisecting GlcNAc structure 586:611 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 7 64 with patients 1476:1483 arg1 HE 1496:1497 early HE 1490:1497 early HE 1490:1497 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 6 65 from glycoproteins 1238:1250 arg1 patients 1272:1279 Chinese HCC patients 1260:1279 Chinese HCC patients without early HE 1260:1296 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 4 66 theme GlcNAc 596:601 arg1 structure 603:611 bisecting GlcNAc structure 586:611 bisecting GlcNAc structure 586:611 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 8 67 theme HCC 1676:1678 arg1 patients 1680:1687 HCC patients 1676:1687 HCC patients with early HE 1676:1701 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 1 68 theme severe 191:196 arg1 complication 215:226 a severe neuropsychiatric complication 189:226 a severe neuropsychiatric complication 189:226 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 7 69 theme PHA-E-associated 1419:1434 arg1 glycoproteins 1442:1454 the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins 1415:1454 the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway 1415:1603 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 4 70 theme HCC 668:670 arg1 patients 672:679 Chinese HCC patients 660:679 Chinese HCC patients with early HE 660:693 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 5 71 gly glycoproteins 1083:1095 arg1 glycoproteins 1083:1095 serum glycoproteins 1077:1095 serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE 1077:1135 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 6 72 theme HCC 1341:1343 arg1 patients 1345:1352 Chinese HCC patients 1333:1352 Chinese HCC patients with early HE 1333:1366 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 6 73 with patients 1345:1352 arg1 HE 1365:1366 early HE 1359:1366 early HE 1359:1366 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 7 74 theme MAPK/ERK 1578:1585 arg1 pathway 1597:1603 MAPK/ERK signaling pathway 1578:1603 MAPK/ERK signaling pathway 1578:1603 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 1 75 from present 240:246 arg1 stage 259:263 the end stage 251:263 the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) 251:297 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 5 76 theme terminal 930:937 arg1 O-GlcNAc 979:986 O-GlcNAc 979:986 O-GlcNAc 979:986 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 76 theme terminal 930:937 arg1 N-glycan 1026:1033 tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan 997:1033 tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan 997:1033 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 76 theme terminal 930:937 arg1 GalNAc 1039:1044 GalNAc 1039:1044 GalNAc 1039:1044 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 76 theme terminal 930:937 arg1 Neu5Ac 989:994 Neu5Ac 989:994 Neu5Ac 989:994 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 76 theme terminal 930:937 arg1 Man 945:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 76 theme terminal 930:937 arg1 n 976:976 (GlcNAc)n 968:976 (GlcNAc)n 968:976 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 76 theme terminal 930:937 arg1 GlcNAc 960:965 bisecting GlcNAc 950:965 bisecting GlcNAc 950:965 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 76 theme terminal 930:937 arg1 GalNAc 922:927 GalNAc 922:927 GalNAc 922:927 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 4 77 theme lectin 718:723 arg1 chromatography 734:747 lectin affinity chromatography 718:747 lectin affinity chromatography 718:747 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 0 78 theme hepatic 89:95 arg1 encephalopathy 97:110 early hepatic encephalopathy 83:110 early hepatic encephalopathy 83:110 Glycosylation patterns and PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling associated with early hepatic encephalopathy in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27830009 5 79 theme α/β1-3/6 1046:1053 arg1 Gal 1055:1057 α/β1-3/6 Gal 1046:1057 α/β1-3/6 Gal 1046:1057 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 7 80 theme MAPK 1551:1554 arg1 pathway 1566:1572 p38 MAPK signaling pathway 1547:1572 p38 MAPK signaling pathway 1547:1572 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 6 81 theme PHA-E-associated 1166:1181 arg1 glycoproteins 1183:1195 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins 1162:1195 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins 1162:1195 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 82 dep GlcNAc 960:965 arg1 Gal 1055:1057 α/β1-3/6 Gal 1046:1057 α/β1-3/6 Gal 1046:1057 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 6 83 theme Chinese 1333:1339 arg1 patients 1345:1352 Chinese HCC patients 1333:1352 Chinese HCC patients with early HE 1333:1366 Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 4 84 theme vulgaris 526:533 arg1 PHA-E 554:558 PHA-E 554:558 PHA-E 554:558 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 4 84 theme vulgaris 526:533 arg1 erythroagglutinin 535:551 phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 516:551 phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) 516:559 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 0 85 theme hepatocellular 123:136 arg1 patients 148:155 Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients 115:155 Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients 115:155 Glycosylation patterns and PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling associated with early hepatic encephalopathy in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27830009 5 86 theme early 1128:1132 arg1 HE 1134:1135 early HE 1128:1135 early HE 1128:1135 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 7 87 theme HE 1525:1526 arg1 occurrence 1528:1537 early HE occurrence 1519:1537 early HE occurrence 1519:1537 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 4 88 theme in-gel 763:768 arg1 digestion 770:778 in-gel digestion 763:778 in-gel digestion 763:778 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 2 89 theme early 351:355 arg1 HE 357:358 early HE 351:358 early HE 351:358 However, widely accepted biomarkers for diagnosing early HE are still absent. 27830009 5 90 theme GlcNAc 969:974 arg1 n 976:976 (GlcNAc)n 968:976 (GlcNAc)n 968:976 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 90 theme GlcNAc 969:974 arg1 Man 945:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 7 91 gly glycoproteins 1442:1454 arg1 glycoproteins 1442:1454 the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins 1415:1454 the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway 1415:1603 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 5 92 theme Chinese 1102:1108 arg1 patients 1114:1121 Chinese HCC patients 1102:1121 Chinese HCC patients with early HE 1102:1135 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 3 93 theme HCC 450:452 arg1 patients 454:461 Chinese HCC patients 442:461 Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray 442:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 0 94 theme PHA-E-associated 27:42 arg1 profiling 57:65 PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling 27:65 PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling 27:65 Glycosylation patterns and PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling associated with early hepatic encephalopathy in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27830009 5 95 theme bisecting 950:958 arg1 Man 945:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 95 theme bisecting 950:958 arg1 GlcNAc 960:965 bisecting GlcNAc 950:965 bisecting GlcNAc 950:965 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 7 96 theme early 1519:1523 arg1 occurrence 1528:1537 early HE occurrence 1519:1537 early HE occurrence 1519:1537 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 4 97 with patients 672:679 arg1 HE 692:693 early HE 686:693 early HE 686:693 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 5 98 dep showed 868:873 arg1 suggesting 911:920 suggesting 911:920 showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE 868:1135 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 99 theme tetra-antennary 997:1011 arg1 N-glycan 1026:1033 tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan 997:1033 tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan 997:1033 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 5 99 theme tetra-antennary 997:1011 arg1 Man 945:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 terminal α-1,3 Man 930:947 Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. 27830009 3 100 theme serum 422:426 arg1 proteins 428:435 serum proteins 422:435 serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray 422:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 1 101 attach present 240:246 arg1 stage 259:263 the end stage 251:263 the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) 251:297 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 1 101 attach present 240:246 arg2 HE 182:183 HE 182:183 HE 182:183 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 1 101 attach present 240:246 arg2 encephalopathy 166:179 Hepatic encephalopathy 158:179 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication 158:226 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 4 102 theme bioinformatics 817:830 arg1 analysis 832:839 bioinformatics analysis 817:839 bioinformatics analysis 817:839 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 8 103 theme first 1633:1637 arg1 study 1649:1653 the first glycomics study 1629:1653 the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE 1629:1701 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 8 103 theme first 1633:1637 arg1 this 1620:1623 this 1620:1623 this 1620:1623 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 0 104 gly glycoprotein 44:55 arg1 glycoprotein 44:55 PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling 27:65 PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling 27:65 Glycosylation patterns and PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling associated with early hepatic encephalopathy in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27830009 4 105 theme Spectrometry 786:797 arg1 analysis 804:811 Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis 781:811 Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis 781:811 Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. 27830009 3 106 theme lectin 491:496 arg1 microarray 498:507 lectin microarray 491:507 lectin microarray 491:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 7 107 theme early 1490:1494 arg1 HE 1496:1497 early HE 1490:1497 early HE 1490:1497 In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. 27830009 3 108 from patients 454:461 arg1 patterns 410:417 glycosylation patterns 396:417 glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray 396:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 3 108 from patients 454:461 arg1 proteins 428:435 serum proteins 422:435 serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray 422:507 Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. 27830009 8 109 theme serum 1658:1662 arg1 proteins 1664:1671 serum proteins 1658:1671 serum proteins 1658:1671 Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients. 27830009 1 110 theme Hepatocellular 268:281 arg1 HCC 294:296 HCC 294:296 HCC 294:296 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 27830009 1 110 theme Hepatocellular 268:281 arg1 Carcinoma 283:291 Hepatocellular Carcinoma 268:291 Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) 268:297 Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). 26290214 9 0 from myofibroblast-count 1108:1126 arg1 areas 1160:1164 the infarct and peri-infarct areas 1131:1164 areas 1160:1164 Microvascular-density and myofibroblast-count in the infarct and peri-infarct areas were higher after alginate + GH. 26290214 5 1 dep 10 min 613:618 arg1 ligation 652:659 permanent coronary artery ligation 626:659 permanent coronary artery ligation 626:659 Treatment consisted of intra-myocardial injection of saline or alginate-hydrogel, with or without GH, 10 min after permanent coronary artery ligation. 26290214 0 2 theme hormone 81:87 arg1 administration 89:102 sustained myocardial growth hormone administration 53:102 sustained myocardial growth hormone administration 53:102 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 26290214 1 3 theme post-myocardial 182:196 arg1 infarction 198:207 post-myocardial infarction 182:207 an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction 150:207 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling is an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction. 26290214 8 4 theme left 957:960 arg1 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 4 theme left 957:960 arg1 index 1053:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 4 theme left 957:960 arg1 diameters 1005:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 4 theme left 957:960 arg1 sphericity 1028:1037 ventricular sphericity 1016:1037 ventricular sphericity 1016:1037 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 0 5 from Attenuation 0:10 arg1 rats 45:48 rats 45:48 rats 45:48 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 26290214 5 6 theme permanent 626:634 arg1 ligation 652:659 permanent coronary artery ligation 626:659 permanent coronary artery ligation 626:659 Treatment consisted of intra-myocardial injection of saline or alginate-hydrogel, with or without GH, 10 min after permanent coronary artery ligation. 26290214 4 7 theme drug-release 490:501 arg1 curves 503:508 drug-release curves 490:508 drug-release curves 490:508 GH was administered via a biomaterial-scaffold, following in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves. 26290214 5 8 theme coronary 636:643 arg1 ligation 652:659 permanent coronary artery ligation 626:659 permanent coronary artery ligation 626:659 Treatment consisted of intra-myocardial injection of saline or alginate-hydrogel, with or without GH, 10 min after permanent coronary artery ligation. 26290214 8 9 theme end-diastolic 974:986 arg1 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 9 theme end-diastolic 974:986 arg1 index 1053:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 9 theme end-diastolic 974:986 arg1 diameters 1005:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 9 theme end-diastolic 974:986 arg1 sphericity 1028:1037 ventricular sphericity 1016:1037 ventricular sphericity 1016:1037 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 5 10 theme artery 645:650 arg1 ligation 652:659 permanent coronary artery ligation 626:659 permanent coronary artery ligation 626:659 Treatment consisted of intra-myocardial injection of saline or alginate-hydrogel, with or without GH, 10 min after permanent coronary artery ligation. 26290214 11 11 theme post-infarction 1370:1384 arg1 remodeling 1386:1395 post-infarction remodeling 1370:1395 post-infarction remodeling 1370:1395 Early, sustained GH-administration enhances angiogenesis and myofibroblast-activation and ameliorates post-infarction remodeling. 26290214 6 12 theme immunohistochemical 763:781 arg1 evaluation 783:792 immunohistochemical evaluation 763:792 immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts 763:850 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices were examined 3 weeks post-ligation, followed by immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts. 26290214 0 13 from rats 45:48 arg1 Attenuation 0:10 Attenuation 0:10 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 0:103 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 26290214 2 14 theme local 290:294 arg1 administration 296:309 sustained local administration 280:309 sustained local administration 280:309 Experimentally, treatment with growth hormone (GH) is beneficial, but sustained local administration has not been thoroughly investigated. 26290214 8 15 theme end-systolic 992:1003 arg1 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 15 theme end-systolic 992:1003 arg1 index 1053:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 15 theme end-systolic 992:1003 arg1 diameters 1005:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 15 theme end-systolic 992:1003 arg1 sphericity 1028:1037 ventricular sphericity 1016:1037 ventricular sphericity 1016:1037 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 4 16 theme curves 503:508 arg1 evaluation 460:469 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 439:469 in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves 439:508 GH was administered via a biomaterial-scaffold, following in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves. 26290214 1 17 dep target 175:180 arg1 infarction 198:207 post-myocardial infarction 182:207 an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction 150:207 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling is an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction. 26290214 5 18 theme intra-myocardial 534:549 arg1 injection 551:559 intra-myocardial injection 534:559 intra-myocardial injection of saline or alginate-hydrogel 534:590 Treatment consisted of intra-myocardial injection of saline or alginate-hydrogel, with or without GH, 10 min after permanent coronary artery ligation. 26290214 6 19 theme Echocardiographic 662:678 arg1 remodeling-indices 695:712 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices 662:712 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices 662:712 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices were examined 3 weeks post-ligation, followed by immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts. 26290214 0 20 theme remodeling 31:40 arg1 Attenuation 0:10 Attenuation 0:10 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 0:103 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 26290214 6 21 theme post-ligation 736:748 arg1 weeks 730:734 3 weeks post-ligation 728:748 3 weeks post-ligation 728:748 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices were examined 3 weeks post-ligation, followed by immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts. 26290214 11 22 theme Early 1268:1272 arg1 GH-administration 1285:1301 Early, sustained GH-administration 1268:1301 Early, sustained GH-administration 1268:1301 Early, sustained GH-administration enhances angiogenesis and myofibroblast-activation and ameliorates post-infarction remodeling. 26290214 0 23 theme post-infarction 15:29 arg1 remodeling 31:40 post-infarction remodeling 15:40 post-infarction remodeling in rats 15:48 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 26290214 1 24 theme left 119:122 arg1 remodeling 136:145 left ventricular remodeling 119:145 left ventricular remodeling 119:145 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling is an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction. 26290214 9 25 theme infarct 1135:1141 arg1 areas 1160:1164 the infarct and peri-infarct areas 1131:1164 areas 1160:1164 Microvascular-density and myofibroblast-count in the infarct and peri-infarct areas were higher after alginate + GH. 26290214 8 26 theme ventricular 962:972 arg1 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 infarct-thickness 1063:1079 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 26 theme ventricular 962:972 arg1 index 1053:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 26 theme ventricular 962:972 arg1 diameters 1005:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 26 theme ventricular 962:972 arg1 sphericity 1028:1037 ventricular sphericity 1016:1037 ventricular sphericity 1016:1037 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 27 theme wall 1040:1043 arg1 index 1053:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 27 theme wall 1040:1043 arg1 diameters 1005:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 9 28 from Microvascular-density 1082:1102 arg1 areas 1160:1164 the infarct and peri-infarct areas 1131:1164 areas 1160:1164 Microvascular-density and myofibroblast-count in the infarct and peri-infarct areas were higher after alginate + GH. 26290214 8 29 theme ventricular 1016:1026 arg1 diameters 1005:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 29 theme ventricular 1016:1026 arg1 sphericity 1028:1037 ventricular sphericity 1016:1037 ventricular sphericity 1016:1037 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 4 30 theme degradation 474:484 arg1 evaluation 460:469 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 439:469 in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves 439:508 GH was administered via a biomaterial-scaffold, following in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves. 26290214 5 31 theme alginate-hydrogel 574:590 arg1 injection 551:559 intra-myocardial injection 534:559 intra-myocardial injection of saline or alginate-hydrogel 534:590 Treatment consisted of intra-myocardial injection of saline or alginate-hydrogel, with or without GH, 10 min after permanent coronary artery ligation. 26290214 0 32 theme sustained 53:61 arg1 administration 89:102 sustained myocardial growth hormone administration 53:102 sustained myocardial growth hormone administration 53:102 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 26290214 1 33 theme ventricular 124:134 arg1 remodeling 136:145 left ventricular remodeling 119:145 left ventricular remodeling 119:145 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling is an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction. 26290214 4 34 theme in 439:440 arg1 evaluation 460:469 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 439:469 in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves 439:508 GH was administered via a biomaterial-scaffold, following in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves. 26290214 6 35 theme macrophages 821:831 arg1 evaluation 783:792 immunohistochemical evaluation 763:792 immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts 763:850 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices were examined 3 weeks post-ligation, followed by immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts. 26290214 1 36 theme remodeling 136:145 arg1 Prevention 105:114 Prevention 105:114 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling 105:145 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling is an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction. 26290214 1 36 theme remodeling 136:145 arg1 target 175:180 an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction 150:207 an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction 150:207 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling is an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction. 26290214 2 37 theme growth 241:246 arg1 GH 257:258 GH 257:258 GH 257:258 Experimentally, treatment with growth hormone (GH) is beneficial, but sustained local administration has not been thoroughly investigated. 26290214 2 37 theme growth 241:246 arg1 hormone 248:254 growth hormone 241:254 growth hormone (GH) 241:259 Experimentally, treatment with growth hormone (GH) is beneficial, but sustained local administration has not been thoroughly investigated. 26290214 2 38 theme sustained 280:288 arg1 administration 296:309 sustained local administration 280:309 sustained local administration 280:309 Experimentally, treatment with growth hormone (GH) is beneficial, but sustained local administration has not been thoroughly investigated. 26290214 8 39 theme tension 1045:1051 arg1 index 1053:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 wall tension index 1040:1057 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 8 39 theme tension 1045:1051 arg1 diameters 1005:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters 957:1013 Alginate + GH consistently improved left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, ventricular sphericity, wall tension index and infarct-thickness. 26290214 6 40 theme angiogenesis 797:808 arg1 evaluation 783:792 immunohistochemical evaluation 763:792 immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts 763:850 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices were examined 3 weeks post-ligation, followed by immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts. 26290214 4 41 dep in 452:453 arg1 vivo 455:458 vivo 455:458 vivo 455:458 GH was administered via a biomaterial-scaffold, following in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves. 26290214 4 42 theme in 452:453 arg1 evaluation 460:469 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 439:469 in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves 439:508 GH was administered via a biomaterial-scaffold, following in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves. 26290214 6 43 theme myofibroblasts 837:850 arg1 evaluation 783:792 immunohistochemical evaluation 763:792 immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts 763:850 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices were examined 3 weeks post-ligation, followed by immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts. 26290214 6 44 theme collagen 811:818 arg1 evaluation 783:792 immunohistochemical evaluation 763:792 immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts 763:850 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices were examined 3 weeks post-ligation, followed by immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts. 26290214 1 45 theme therapeutic 163:173 arg1 Prevention 105:114 Prevention 105:114 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling 105:145 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling is an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction. 26290214 1 45 theme therapeutic 163:173 arg1 target 175:180 an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction 150:207 an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction 150:207 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling is an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction. 26290214 0 46 theme growth 74:79 arg1 administration 89:102 sustained myocardial growth hormone administration 53:102 sustained myocardial growth hormone administration 53:102 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 26290214 11 47 dep Early 1268:1272 arg1 sustained 1275:1283 sustained 1275:1283 sustained 1275:1283 Early, sustained GH-administration enhances angiogenesis and myofibroblast-activation and ameliorates post-infarction remodeling. 26290214 1 48 theme important 153:161 arg1 Prevention 105:114 Prevention 105:114 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling 105:145 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling is an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction. 26290214 1 48 theme important 153:161 arg1 target 175:180 an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction 150:207 an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction 150:207 Prevention of left ventricular remodeling is an important therapeutic target post-myocardial infarction. 26290214 6 49 theme histologic 684:693 arg1 remodeling-indices 695:712 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices 662:712 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices 662:712 Echocardiographic and histologic remodeling-indices were examined 3 weeks post-ligation, followed by immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis, collagen, macrophages and myofibroblasts. 26290214 9 50 theme peri-infarct 1147:1158 arg1 areas 1160:1164 the infarct and peri-infarct areas 1131:1164 areas 1160:1164 Microvascular-density and myofibroblast-count in the infarct and peri-infarct areas were higher after alginate + GH. 26290214 0 51 theme myocardial 63:72 arg1 administration 89:102 sustained myocardial growth hormone administration 53:102 sustained myocardial growth hormone administration 53:102 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 26290214 0 52 from remodeling 31:40 arg1 rats 45:48 rats 45:48 rats 45:48 Attenuation of post-infarction remodeling in rats by sustained myocardial growth hormone administration. 26290214 5 53 theme saline 564:569 arg1 injection 551:559 intra-myocardial injection 534:559 intra-myocardial injection of saline or alginate-hydrogel 534:590 Treatment consisted of intra-myocardial injection of saline or alginate-hydrogel, with or without GH, 10 min after permanent coronary artery ligation. 26290214 2 54 with treatment 226:234 arg1 GH 257:258 GH 257:258 GH 257:258 Experimentally, treatment with growth hormone (GH) is beneficial, but sustained local administration has not been thoroughly investigated. 26290214 2 54 with treatment 226:234 arg1 hormone 248:254 growth hormone 241:254 growth hormone (GH) 241:259 Experimentally, treatment with growth hormone (GH) is beneficial, but sustained local administration has not been thoroughly investigated. 26290214 4 55 dep in 439:440 arg1 vitro 442:446 vitro 442:446 vitro 442:446 GH was administered via a biomaterial-scaffold, following in vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradation and drug-release curves. 28330763 6 0 theme FT-IR 946:950 arg1 spectroscopy 952:963 FT-IR spectroscopy 946:963 FT-IR spectroscopy 946:963 The nanocomposite was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 28330763 7 1 dep efficiency 1092:1101 arg1 The 1080:1082 The 1080:1082 The 1080:1082 The loading efficiency and loading capacity of curcumin and 6-gingerol were examined. 28330763 4 2 theme bilayer 675:681 arg1 composite 714:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite 660:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 660:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 2 theme bilayer 675:681 arg1 alginate 650:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 2 theme bilayer 675:681 arg1 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 9 3 located observed 1494:1501 arg2 release 1482:1488 a higher release 1473:1488 a higher release 1473:1488 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 9 3 located observed 1494:1501 arg2 release 1434:1440 the release 1430:1440 the release is typically via diffusion 1430:1467 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 9 3 located observed 1494:1501 arg1 pH 1506:1507 pH 5.3 1506:1511 pH 5.3 1506:1511 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 1 4 theme pharmaceutical 274:287 arg1 industry 289:296 the pharmaceutical industry 270:296 the pharmaceutical industry 270:296 Developing a drug carrier system which could perform targeted and controlled release over a period of time is utmost concern in the pharmaceutical industry. 28330763 4 5 theme iron 690:693 arg1 composite 714:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite 660:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 660:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 5 theme iron 690:693 arg1 alginate 650:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 5 theme iron 690:693 arg1 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 6 theme sodium 643:648 arg1 alginate 650:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 6 theme sodium 643:648 arg1 composite 714:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite 660:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 660:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 8 7 dep In 1166:1167 arg1 vitro 1169:1173 vitro 1169:1173 vitro 1169:1173 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol was studied at pH 7.4 and pH 5.3 over a period of seven days at 37°C. 28330763 6 8 theme scanning 985:992 arg1 microscopy 1003:1012 scanning electron microscopy 985:1012 scanning electron microscopy 985:1012 The nanocomposite was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 28330763 0 9 from alginate 78:85 arg1 release 25:31 pH responsive controlled release 0:31 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite 0:104 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite bi-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. 28330763 1 10 from concern 259:265 arg1 industry 289:296 the pharmaceutical industry 270:296 the pharmaceutical industry 270:296 Developing a drug carrier system which could perform targeted and controlled release over a period of time is utmost concern in the pharmaceutical industry. 28330763 7 11 theme loading 1107:1113 arg1 capacity 1115:1122 loading capacity 1107:1122 loading capacity 1107:1122 The loading efficiency and loading capacity of curcumin and 6-gingerol were examined. 28330763 9 12 theme drug 1313:1316 arg1 release 1318:1324 drug release 1313:1324 drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation 1313:1365 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 9 13 dep release 1434:1440 arg1 diffusion 1459:1467 diffusion 1459:1467 diffusion 1459:1467 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 4 14 theme nanoparticle 701:712 arg1 composite 714:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite 660:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 660:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 14 theme nanoparticle 701:712 arg1 alginate 650:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 14 theme nanoparticle 701:712 arg1 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 1 15 theme carrier 160:166 arg1 system 168:173 a drug carrier system 153:173 a drug carrier system which could perform targeted and controlled release over a period of time 153:247 Developing a drug carrier system which could perform targeted and controlled release over a period of time is utmost concern in the pharmaceutical industry. 28330763 10 16 theme drug 1574:1577 arg1 system 1588:1593 a potential drug delivery system 1562:1593 a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer 1562:1711 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 10 16 theme drug 1574:1577 arg1 system 1534:1539 This bilayer coated system 1514:1539 This bilayer coated system 1514:1539 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 10 17 from curcumin 1614:1621 arg1 manner 1673:1678 targeted and controlled manner 1649:1678 targeted and controlled manner 1649:1678 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 9 18 theme release 1318:1324 arg1 mechanism 1300:1308 The mechanism 1296:1308 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation 1296:1365 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 6 19 theme transmission 1015:1026 arg1 microscopy 1037:1046 transmission electron microscopy 1015:1046 transmission electron microscopy 1015:1046 The nanocomposite was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 28330763 3 20 theme drug 440:443 arg1 system 453:458 a drug carrier system 438:458 a drug carrier system which could overcome these limitations and perform controlled and targeted drug delivery 438:547 Development of a drug carrier system which could overcome these limitations and perform controlled and targeted drug delivery is beneficial. 28330763 0 21 theme iron 116:119 arg1 nanoparticles 127:139 iron oxide nanoparticles 116:139 iron oxide nanoparticles 116:139 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite bi-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. 28330763 0 22 theme anti-cancer 36:46 arg1 drugs 60:64 anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs 36:64 anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs 36:64 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite bi-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. 28330763 9 23 theme situation 1357:1365 arg1 nanocomposite 1335:1347 the nanocomposite 1331:1347 the nanocomposite of each situation 1331:1365 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 9 23 theme situation 1357:1365 arg1 situation 1357:1365 each situation 1352:1365 each situation 1352:1365 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 0 24 from hydroxyapatite 91:104 arg1 release 25:31 pH responsive controlled release 0:31 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite 0:104 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite bi-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. 28330763 0 25 theme controlled 14:23 arg1 release 25:31 pH responsive controlled release 0:31 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite 0:104 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite bi-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. 28330763 3 26 theme system 453:458 arg1 Development 423:433 Development 423:433 Development of a drug carrier system which could overcome these limitations and perform controlled and targeted drug delivery 423:547 Development of a drug carrier system which could overcome these limitations and perform controlled and targeted drug delivery is beneficial. 28330763 9 27 theme kinetic 1385:1391 arg1 models 1393:1398 kinetic models 1385:1398 kinetic models 1385:1398 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 0 28 theme hydrophobic 48:58 arg1 drugs 60:64 anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs 36:64 anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs 36:64 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite bi-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. 28330763 8 29 theme In 1166:1167 arg1 behavior 1190:1197 In vitro drug releasing behavior 1166:1197 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol 1166:1224 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol was studied at pH 7.4 and pH 5.3 over a period of seven days at 37°C. 28330763 10 30 theme bilayer 1519:1525 arg1 system 1588:1593 a potential drug delivery system 1562:1593 a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer 1562:1711 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 10 30 theme bilayer 1519:1525 arg1 system 1534:1539 This bilayer coated system 1514:1539 This bilayer coated system 1514:1539 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 2 31 theme drug 336:339 arg1 carriers 341:348 drug carriers 336:348 drug carriers for poorly water soluble drug molecules such as curcumin and 6-gingerol 336:420 This is more relevant when designing drug carriers for poorly water soluble drug molecules such as curcumin and 6-gingerol. 28330763 8 32 theme drug 1175:1178 arg1 behavior 1190:1197 In vitro drug releasing behavior 1166:1197 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol 1166:1224 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol was studied at pH 7.4 and pH 5.3 over a period of seven days at 37°C. 28330763 10 33 from manner 1673:1678 arg1 purpose 1603:1609 the purpose 1599:1609 the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer 1599:1711 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 3 34 theme targeted 526:533 arg1 delivery 540:547 controlled and targeted drug delivery 511:547 controlled and targeted drug delivery 511:547 Development of a drug carrier system which could overcome these limitations and perform controlled and targeted drug delivery is beneficial. 28330763 1 35 theme time 244:247 arg1 period 234:239 a period 232:239 a period of time 232:247 Developing a drug carrier system which could perform targeted and controlled release over a period of time is utmost concern in the pharmaceutical industry. 28330763 9 36 from mechanism 1300:1308 arg1 nanocomposite 1335:1347 the nanocomposite 1331:1347 the nanocomposite of each situation 1331:1365 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 9 36 from mechanism 1300:1308 arg1 situation 1357:1365 each situation 1352:1365 each situation 1352:1365 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 6 37 theme thermogravimetric 1052:1068 arg1 analysis 1070:1077 thermogravimetric analysis 1052:1077 thermogravimetric analysis 1052:1077 The nanocomposite was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 28330763 4 38 theme novel 624:628 arg1 alginate 650:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 38 theme novel 624:628 arg1 composite 714:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite 660:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 660:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 3 39 theme controlled 511:520 arg1 delivery 540:547 controlled and targeted drug delivery 511:547 controlled and targeted drug delivery 511:547 Development of a drug carrier system which could overcome these limitations and perform controlled and targeted drug delivery is beneficial. 28330763 1 40 theme utmost 252:257 arg1 concern 259:265 utmost concern 252:265 utmost concern in the pharmaceutical industry 252:296 Developing a drug carrier system which could perform targeted and controlled release over a period of time is utmost concern in the pharmaceutical industry. 28330763 8 41 theme curcumin 1202:1209 arg1 behavior 1190:1197 In vitro drug releasing behavior 1166:1197 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol 1166:1224 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol was studied at pH 7.4 and pH 5.3 over a period of seven days at 37°C. 28330763 10 42 from purpose 1603:1609 arg1 manner 1673:1678 targeted and controlled manner 1649:1678 targeted and controlled manner 1649:1678 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 4 43 theme promising 587:595 arg1 approach 597:604 a promising approach 585:604 a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 585:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 10 44 theme delivery 1579:1586 arg1 system 1588:1593 a potential drug delivery system 1562:1593 a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer 1562:1711 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 10 44 theme delivery 1579:1586 arg1 system 1534:1539 This bilayer coated system 1514:1539 This bilayer coated system 1514:1539 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 8 45 theme 6-gingerol 1215:1224 arg1 behavior 1190:1197 In vitro drug releasing behavior 1166:1197 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol 1166:1224 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol was studied at pH 7.4 and pH 5.3 over a period of seven days at 37°C. 28330763 8 46 from period 1266:1271 arg1 37°C 1290:1293 37°C 1290:1293 37°C 1290:1293 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol was studied at pH 7.4 and pH 5.3 over a period of seven days at 37°C. 28330763 10 47 theme potential 1564:1572 arg1 system 1588:1593 a potential drug delivery system 1562:1593 a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer 1562:1711 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 10 47 theme potential 1564:1572 arg1 system 1534:1539 This bilayer coated system 1514:1539 This bilayer coated system 1514:1539 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 5 48 theme drug 888:891 arg1 molecules 893:901 the drug molecules 884:901 the drug molecules 884:901 This system consists of a magnetic core for targeting and a NaAlg/HAp coating on the surface to accommodate the drug molecules. 28330763 4 49 theme hydroxyapatite 660:673 arg1 composite 714:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite 660:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 660:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 49 theme hydroxyapatite 660:673 arg1 alginate 650:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 49 theme hydroxyapatite 660:673 arg1 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 7 50 theme 6-gingerol 1140:1149 arg1 efficiency 1092:1101 loading efficiency 1084:1101 loading efficiency 1084:1101 The loading efficiency and loading capacity of curcumin and 6-gingerol were examined. 28330763 7 50 theme 6-gingerol 1140:1149 arg1 capacity 1115:1122 loading capacity 1107:1122 loading capacity 1107:1122 The loading efficiency and loading capacity of curcumin and 6-gingerol were examined. 28330763 1 51 theme targeted 195:202 arg1 release 219:225 targeted and controlled release 195:225 targeted and controlled release 195:225 Developing a drug carrier system which could perform targeted and controlled release over a period of time is utmost concern in the pharmaceutical industry. 28330763 4 52 theme coated 683:688 arg1 composite 714:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite 660:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 660:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 52 theme coated 683:688 arg1 alginate 650:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 52 theme coated 683:688 arg1 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 7 53 theme curcumin 1127:1134 arg1 efficiency 1092:1101 loading efficiency 1084:1101 loading efficiency 1084:1101 The loading efficiency and loading capacity of curcumin and 6-gingerol were examined. 28330763 7 53 theme curcumin 1127:1134 arg1 capacity 1115:1122 loading capacity 1107:1122 loading capacity 1107:1122 The loading efficiency and loading capacity of curcumin and 6-gingerol were examined. 28330763 9 54 theme higher 1475:1480 arg1 release 1482:1488 a higher release 1473:1488 a higher release 1473:1488 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 9 55 from nanocomposite 1335:1347 arg1 release 1318:1324 drug release 1313:1324 drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation 1313:1365 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 9 55 from nanocomposite 1335:1347 arg1 mechanism 1300:1308 The mechanism 1296:1308 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation 1296:1365 The mechanism of drug release from the nanocomposite of each situation was studied using kinetic models and the results implied that, the release is typically via diffusion and a higher release was observed at pH 5.3. 28330763 6 56 theme electron 994:1001 arg1 microscopy 1003:1012 scanning electron microscopy 985:1012 scanning electron microscopy 985:1012 The nanocomposite was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 28330763 4 57 theme sensitive 633:641 arg1 alginate 650:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 57 theme sensitive 633:641 arg1 composite 714:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite 660:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 660:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 10 58 theme 6-gingerol 1627:1636 arg1 release 1638:1644 6-gingerol release 1627:1644 6-gingerol release 1627:1644 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 8 59 theme days 1282:1285 arg1 period 1266:1271 a period 1264:1271 a period of seven days at 37°C 1264:1293 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol was studied at pH 7.4 and pH 5.3 over a period of seven days at 37°C. 28330763 4 60 theme alginate 650:657 arg1 design 614:619 the design 610:619 the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 610:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 10 61 theme curcumin 1614:1621 arg1 purpose 1603:1609 the purpose 1599:1609 the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer 1599:1711 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 6 62 theme X-ray 966:970 arg1 diffraction 972:982 X-ray diffraction 966:982 X-ray diffraction 966:982 The nanocomposite was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 28330763 7 63 theme loading 1084:1090 arg1 efficiency 1092:1101 loading efficiency 1084:1101 loading efficiency 1084:1101 The loading efficiency and loading capacity of curcumin and 6-gingerol were examined. 28330763 0 64 theme sodium 71:76 arg1 alginate 78:85 sodium alginate 71:85 sodium alginate 71:85 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite bi-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. 28330763 1 65 theme controlled 208:217 arg1 release 219:225 targeted and controlled release 195:225 targeted and controlled release 195:225 Developing a drug carrier system which could perform targeted and controlled release over a period of time is utmost concern in the pharmaceutical industry. 28330763 1 66 theme drug 155:158 arg1 system 168:173 a drug carrier system 153:173 a drug carrier system which could perform targeted and controlled release over a period of time 153:247 Developing a drug carrier system which could perform targeted and controlled release over a period of time is utmost concern in the pharmaceutical industry. 28330763 4 67 theme oxide 695:699 arg1 composite 714:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite 660:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 660:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 67 theme oxide 695:699 arg1 alginate 650:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 67 theme oxide 695:699 arg1 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 IONP/HAp-NaAlg 725:738 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 5 68 from targeting 820:828 arg1 surface 861:867 the surface to accommodate the drug molecules 857:901 the surface to accommodate the drug molecules 857:901 This system consists of a magnetic core for targeting and a NaAlg/HAp coating on the surface to accommodate the drug molecules. 28330763 8 69 from 37°C 1290:1293 arg1 days 1282:1285 seven days 1276:1285 seven days at 37°C 1276:1293 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol was studied at pH 7.4 and pH 5.3 over a period of seven days at 37°C. 28330763 8 69 from 37°C 1290:1293 arg1 period 1266:1271 a period 1264:1271 a period of seven days at 37°C 1264:1293 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol was studied at pH 7.4 and pH 5.3 over a period of seven days at 37°C. 28330763 6 70 theme electron 1028:1035 arg1 microscopy 1037:1046 transmission electron microscopy 1015:1046 transmission electron microscopy 1015:1046 The nanocomposite was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. 28330763 0 71 theme oxide 121:125 arg1 nanoparticles 127:139 iron oxide nanoparticles 116:139 iron oxide nanoparticles 116:139 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite bi-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. 28330763 5 72 from coating 846:852 arg1 surface 861:867 the surface to accommodate the drug molecules 857:901 the surface to accommodate the drug molecules 857:901 This system consists of a magnetic core for targeting and a NaAlg/HAp coating on the surface to accommodate the drug molecules. 28330763 10 73 theme targeted 1649:1656 arg1 manner 1673:1678 targeted and controlled manner 1649:1678 targeted and controlled manner 1649:1678 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 0 74 theme responsive 3:12 arg1 release 25:31 pH responsive controlled release 0:31 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite 0:104 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite bi-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. 28330763 4 75 theme co-precipitation 749:764 arg1 approach 766:773 the co-precipitation approach 745:773 the co-precipitation approach 745:773 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 10 76 theme release 1638:1644 arg1 purpose 1603:1609 the purpose 1599:1609 the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer 1599:1711 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 5 77 theme NaAlg/HAp 836:844 arg1 coating 846:852 a NaAlg/HAp coating 834:852 a NaAlg/HAp coating on the surface to accommodate the drug molecules 834:901 This system consists of a magnetic core for targeting and a NaAlg/HAp coating on the surface to accommodate the drug molecules. 28330763 2 78 theme drug 375:378 arg1 6-gingerol 411:420 6-gingerol 411:420 6-gingerol 411:420 This is more relevant when designing drug carriers for poorly water soluble drug molecules such as curcumin and 6-gingerol. 28330763 2 78 theme drug 375:378 arg1 molecules 380:388 poorly water soluble drug molecules 354:388 poorly water soluble drug molecules such as curcumin and 6-gingerol 354:420 This is more relevant when designing drug carriers for poorly water soluble drug molecules such as curcumin and 6-gingerol. 28330763 2 78 theme drug 375:378 arg1 curcumin 398:405 curcumin 398:405 curcumin 398:405 This is more relevant when designing drug carriers for poorly water soluble drug molecules such as curcumin and 6-gingerol. 28330763 5 79 theme magnetic 802:809 arg1 core 811:814 a magnetic core 800:814 a magnetic core for targeting and a NaAlg/HAp coating on the surface to accommodate the drug molecules 800:901 This system consists of a magnetic core for targeting and a NaAlg/HAp coating on the surface to accommodate the drug molecules. 28330763 10 80 theme controlled 1662:1671 arg1 manner 1673:1678 targeted and controlled manner 1649:1678 targeted and controlled manner 1649:1678 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 0 81 theme drugs 60:64 arg1 release 25:31 pH responsive controlled release 0:31 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite 0:104 pH responsive controlled release of anti-cancer hydrophobic drugs from sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite bi-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. 28330763 10 82 from release 1638:1644 arg1 manner 1673:1678 targeted and controlled manner 1649:1678 targeted and controlled manner 1649:1678 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 10 83 theme coated 1527:1532 arg1 system 1588:1593 a potential drug delivery system 1562:1593 a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer 1562:1711 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 10 83 theme coated 1527:1532 arg1 system 1534:1539 This bilayer coated system 1514:1539 This bilayer coated system 1514:1539 This bilayer coated system can be recognized as a potential drug delivery system for the purpose of curcumin and 6-gingerol release in targeted and controlled manner to treat diseases such as cancer. 28330763 8 84 theme releasing 1180:1188 arg1 behavior 1190:1197 In vitro drug releasing behavior 1166:1197 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol 1166:1224 In vitro drug releasing behavior of curcumin and 6-gingerol was studied at pH 7.4 and pH 5.3 over a period of seven days at 37°C. 28330763 2 85 theme soluble 367:373 arg1 6-gingerol 411:420 6-gingerol 411:420 6-gingerol 411:420 This is more relevant when designing drug carriers for poorly water soluble drug molecules such as curcumin and 6-gingerol. 28330763 2 85 theme soluble 367:373 arg1 molecules 380:388 poorly water soluble drug molecules 354:388 poorly water soluble drug molecules such as curcumin and 6-gingerol 354:420 This is more relevant when designing drug carriers for poorly water soluble drug molecules such as curcumin and 6-gingerol. 28330763 2 85 theme soluble 367:373 arg1 curcumin 398:405 curcumin 398:405 curcumin 398:405 This is more relevant when designing drug carriers for poorly water soluble drug molecules such as curcumin and 6-gingerol. 28330763 3 86 theme carrier 445:451 arg1 system 453:458 a drug carrier system 438:458 a drug carrier system which could overcome these limitations and perform controlled and targeted drug delivery 438:547 Development of a drug carrier system which could overcome these limitations and perform controlled and targeted drug delivery is beneficial. 28330763 4 87 theme pH 630:631 arg1 alginate 650:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 novel pH sensitive sodium alginate 624:657 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 4 87 theme pH 630:631 arg1 composite 714:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite 660:722 hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) 660:739 This study describes a promising approach for the design of novel pH sensitive sodium alginate, hydroxyapatite bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticle composite (IONP/HAp-NaAlg) via the co-precipitation approach. 28330763 3 88 theme drug 535:538 arg1 delivery 540:547 controlled and targeted drug delivery 511:547 controlled and targeted drug delivery 511:547 Development of a drug carrier system which could overcome these limitations and perform controlled and targeted drug delivery is beneficial. 25176443 8 0 theme % 1430:1430 arg1 protease 1432:1439 0.02 % protease 1425:1439 0.02 % protease 1425:1439 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 1 1 theme household 247:255 arg1 waste 257:261 low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste 204:261 low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste 204:261 Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste was studied using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). 25176443 8 2 theme 0.02 1483:1486 arg1 % 1488:1488 % 1488:1488 % 1488:1488 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 4 3 theme Chemical 623:630 arg1 analysis 632:639 Chemical analysis 623:639 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW 623:652 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 7 4 theme low 1063:1065 arg1 OFMSW 1087:1091 low severity pretreated OFMSW 1063:1091 low severity pretreated OFMSW 1063:1091 This study has demonstrated that SSF of low severity pretreated OFMSW can be carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae without dilution (addition of water), and liquefaction of the undiluted OFMSW can be achieved in less than 24 h of hydrolysis. 25176443 8 5 theme pectate 1490:1496 arg1 lyase 1498:1502 0.02 % pectate lyase 1483:1502 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) 1483:1515 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 0 6 theme enzymes 126:132 arg1 mix 108:110 a mix 106:110 a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 106:177 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 3 7 theme model 536:540 arg1 waste 542:546 A model waste 534:546 A model waste 534:546 A model waste was prepared based on the composition of the organic waste in Masdar City. 25176443 2 8 theme biofuels 513:520 arg1 production 522:531 biofuels production 513:531 biofuels production 513:531 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 8 9 theme pretreated 1287:1296 arg1 waste 1298:1302 the pretreated waste 1283:1302 the pretreated waste 1283:1302 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 8 10 dep loading 1344:1350 arg1 dosage 1385:1390 the company recommended dosage 1361:1390 the company recommended dosage 1361:1390 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 8 10 dep loading 1344:1350 arg1 % 1356:1356 10 % 1353:1356 10 % of the company recommended dosage 1353:1390 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 5 11 theme OFMSW 766:770 arg1 Hydrolysis 744:753 Hydrolysis 744:753 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW 744:770 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 4 12 with solids 690:695 arg1 g 711:711 up to 57 g 702:711 up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS) 702:741 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 0 13 theme Saccharomyces 154:166 arg1 cerevisiae 168:177 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 154:177 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 154:177 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 8 14 theme mild 1527:1530 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 4 15 theme % 682:682 arg1 solids 690:695 37 % total solids 679:695 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS) 679:741 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 0 16 with combination 137:147 arg1 cerevisiae 168:177 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 154:177 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 154:177 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 3 17 theme organic 593:599 arg1 waste 601:605 the organic waste 589:605 the organic waste 589:605 A model waste was prepared based on the composition of the organic waste in Masdar City. 25176443 8 18 theme pretreatment 1537:1548 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 2 19 theme simple 465:470 arg1 method 472:477 a simple method 463:477 a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production 463:531 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 4 20 theme OFMSW 648:652 arg1 analysis 632:639 Chemical analysis 623:639 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW 623:652 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 4 21 dep g 711:711 arg1 g 724:724 glucan/100 g total solid 713:736 up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS) 702:741 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 4 21 dep g 711:711 arg1 TS 739:740 TS 739:740 TS 739:740 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 8 22 theme low 1333:1335 arg1 loading 1344:1350 very low enzyme loading 1328:1350 very low enzyme loading 1328:1350 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 8 23 theme °C 1567:1568 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 1 24 theme Ethanol 180:186 arg1 production 188:197 Ethanol production 180:197 Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste 180:261 Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste was studied using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). 25176443 8 25 theme loading 1344:1350 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 8 26 dep lyase 1498:1502 arg1 w/w 1505:1507 w/w 1505:1507 w/w 1505:1507 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 5 27 dep enzymes 814:820 arg1 lyase 888:892 pectate lyase 880:892 pectate lyase 880:892 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 27 dep enzymes 814:820 arg1 amylase 823:829 amylase 823:829 amylase 823:829 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 27 dep enzymes 814:820 arg1 lipase 853:858 lipase 853:858 lipase 853:858 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 27 dep enzymes 814:820 arg1 hemicellulase 861:873 hemicellulase 861:873 hemicellulase 861:873 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 27 dep enzymes 814:820 arg1 cellulase 832:840 cellulase 832:840 cellulase 832:840 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 27 dep enzymes 814:820 arg1 protease 843:850 protease 843:850 protease 843:850 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 27 dep enzymes 814:820 arg1 enzymes 814:820 hydrolytic enzymes 803:820 hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase 803:892 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 7 28 theme pretreated 1076:1085 arg1 OFMSW 1087:1091 low severity pretreated OFMSW 1063:1091 low severity pretreated OFMSW 1063:1091 This study has demonstrated that SSF of low severity pretreated OFMSW can be carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae without dilution (addition of water), and liquefaction of the undiluted OFMSW can be achieved in less than 24 h of hydrolysis. 25176443 5 29 theme hydrolytic 803:812 arg1 lyase 888:892 pectate lyase 880:892 pectate lyase 880:892 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 29 theme hydrolytic 803:812 arg1 amylase 823:829 amylase 823:829 amylase 823:829 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 29 theme hydrolytic 803:812 arg1 lipase 853:858 lipase 853:858 lipase 853:858 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 29 theme hydrolytic 803:812 arg1 hemicellulase 861:873 hemicellulase 861:873 hemicellulase 861:873 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 29 theme hydrolytic 803:812 arg1 cellulase 832:840 cellulase 832:840 cellulase 832:840 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 29 theme hydrolytic 803:812 arg1 protease 843:850 protease 843:850 protease 843:850 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 29 theme hydrolytic 803:812 arg1 enzymes 814:820 hydrolytic enzymes 803:820 hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase 803:892 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 7 30 theme OFMSW 1215:1219 arg1 liquefaction 1185:1196 liquefaction 1185:1196 liquefaction of the undiluted OFMSW 1185:1219 This study has demonstrated that SSF of low severity pretreated OFMSW can be carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae without dilution (addition of water), and liquefaction of the undiluted OFMSW can be achieved in less than 24 h of hydrolysis. 25176443 2 31 theme waste 434:438 arg1 fraction 406:413 the organic fraction 394:413 the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) 394:446 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 0 32 theme Simultaneous 0:11 arg1 saccharification 13:28 Simultaneous saccharification 0:28 Simultaneous saccharification 0:28 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 2 33 theme municipal 418:426 arg1 OFMSW 441:445 OFMSW 441:445 OFMSW 441:445 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 2 33 theme municipal 418:426 arg1 waste 434:438 municipal solid waste 418:438 municipal solid waste (OFMSW) 418:446 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 8 34 theme company 1365:1371 arg1 dosage 1385:1390 the company recommended dosage 1361:1390 the company recommended dosage 1361:1390 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 2 35 theme fraction 406:413 arg1 composition 379:389 typical composition 371:389 typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) 371:446 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 1 36 theme simultaneous 281:292 arg1 saccharification 294:309 simultaneous saccharification 281:309 simultaneous saccharification 281:309 Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste was studied using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). 25176443 8 37 theme dosage 1385:1390 arg1 dosage 1385:1390 the company recommended dosage 1361:1390 the company recommended dosage 1361:1390 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 8 37 theme dosage 1385:1390 arg1 % 1356:1356 10 % 1353:1356 10 % of the company recommended dosage 1353:1390 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 8 38 theme -0.1 1392:1395 arg1 % 1397:1397 % 1397:1397 % 1397:1397 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 0 39 theme household 56:64 arg1 waste 66:70 solid household waste 50:70 solid household waste 50:70 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 7 40 theme water 1173:1177 arg1 addition 1161:1168 addition 1161:1168 addition of water 1161:1177 This study has demonstrated that SSF of low severity pretreated OFMSW can be carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae without dilution (addition of water), and liquefaction of the undiluted OFMSW can be achieved in less than 24 h of hydrolysis. 25176443 8 41 theme cellulase 1399:1407 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 4 42 theme total 726:730 arg1 g 724:724 glucan/100 g total solid 713:736 up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS) 702:741 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 4 42 theme total 726:730 arg1 TS 739:740 TS 739:740 TS 739:740 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 8 43 theme 0.02 1442:1445 arg1 % 1447:1447 % 1447:1447 % 1447:1447 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 5 44 theme pectate 880:886 arg1 lyase 888:892 pectate lyase 880:892 pectate lyase 880:892 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 44 theme pectate 880:886 arg1 enzymes 814:820 hydrolytic enzymes 803:820 hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase 803:892 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 6 45 theme different 996:1004 arg1 loadings 1013:1020 different enzyme loadings 996:1020 different enzyme loadings 996:1020 The enzymatic hydrolysis using this enzyme mix was studied using different dilutions of the OFMSW at different enzyme loadings. 25176443 8 46 theme 0.1 1410:1412 arg1 % 1414:1414 % 1414:1414 % 1414:1414 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 1 47 dep pretreated 217:226 arg1 h 238:238 1 h 236:238 1 h 236:238 Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste was studied using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). 25176443 1 47 dep pretreated 217:226 arg1 °C 232:233 85 °C 229:233 85 °C 229:233 Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste was studied using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). 25176443 8 48 theme hemicellulase 1449:1461 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 7 49 theme severity 1067:1074 arg1 OFMSW 1087:1091 low severity pretreated OFMSW 1063:1091 low severity pretreated OFMSW 1063:1091 This study has demonstrated that SSF of low severity pretreated OFMSW can be carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae without dilution (addition of water), and liquefaction of the undiluted OFMSW can be achieved in less than 24 h of hydrolysis. 25176443 6 50 theme OFMSW 987:991 arg1 dilutions 970:978 different dilutions 960:978 different dilutions of the OFMSW 960:991 The enzymatic hydrolysis using this enzyme mix was studied using different dilutions of the OFMSW at different enzyme loadings. 25176443 8 51 theme amylase 1416:1422 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 8 52 theme 0.02 1464:1467 arg1 % 1469:1469 % 1469:1469 % 1469:1469 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 1 53 theme solid 241:245 arg1 waste 257:261 low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste 204:261 low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste 204:261 Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste was studied using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). 25176443 8 54 theme 0.02 1425:1428 arg1 % 1430:1430 % 1430:1430 % 1430:1430 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 8 55 theme lipase 1471:1476 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 8 56 theme protease 1432:1439 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 4 57 contain contained 669:677 arg2 solids 690:695 37 % total solids 679:695 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS) 679:741 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 4 57 contain contained 669:677 arg1 it 666:667 it 666:667 it 666:667 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 8 58 theme % 1488:1488 arg1 lyase 1498:1502 0.02 % pectate lyase 1483:1502 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) 1483:1515 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 1 59 from waste 257:261 arg1 production 188:197 Ethanol production 180:197 Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste 180:261 Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste was studied using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). 25176443 8 60 theme lyase 1498:1502 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 1 61 theme pretreated 217:226 arg1 waste 257:261 low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste 204:261 low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste 204:261 Ethanol production from low severity pretreated (85 °C, 1 h) solid household waste was studied using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). 25176443 8 62 theme waste 1298:1302 arg1 SSF 1276:1278 SSF 1276:1278 SSF of the pretreated waste 1276:1302 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 7 63 theme hydrolysis 1258:1267 arg1 h 1253:1253 less than 24 h 1240:1253 less than 24 h of hydrolysis 1240:1267 This study has demonstrated that SSF of low severity pretreated OFMSW can be carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae without dilution (addition of water), and liquefaction of the undiluted OFMSW can be achieved in less than 24 h of hydrolysis. 25176443 5 64 theme wet 762:764 arg1 OFMSW 766:770 the wet OFMSW 758:770 the wet OFMSW 758:770 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 5 65 theme enzymes 814:820 arg1 mix 796:798 a mix 794:798 a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase 794:892 Hydrolysis of the wet OFMSW was carried out using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes: amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, hemicellulase, and pectate lyase. 25176443 8 66 theme following 1517:1525 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 0 67 from mix 108:110 arg1 combination 137:147 combination 137:147 combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 137:177 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 4 68 theme 37 679:680 arg1 % 682:682 % 682:682 % 682:682 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 0 69 theme mild 82:85 arg1 pretreatment 87:98 mild pretreatment 82:98 mild pretreatment 82:98 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 8 70 theme heat 1532:1535 arg1 conditions 1550:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions 1328:1559 very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C 1328:1568 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 6 71 theme enzymatic 899:907 arg1 hydrolysis 909:918 The enzymatic hydrolysis 895:918 The enzymatic hydrolysis using this enzyme mix 895:940 The enzymatic hydrolysis using this enzyme mix was studied using different dilutions of the OFMSW at different enzyme loadings. 25176443 8 72 theme enzyme 1337:1342 arg1 loading 1344:1350 very low enzyme loading 1328:1350 very low enzyme loading 1328:1350 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 4 73 dep 57 708:709 arg1 to 705:706 to 705:706 to 705:706 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 7 74 theme OFMSW 1087:1091 arg1 SSF 1056:1058 SSF 1056:1058 SSF of low severity pretreated OFMSW 1056:1091 This study has demonstrated that SSF of low severity pretreated OFMSW can be carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae without dilution (addition of water), and liquefaction of the undiluted OFMSW can be achieved in less than 24 h of hydrolysis. 25176443 2 75 theme simultaneous 483:494 arg1 liquefaction 496:507 simultaneous liquefaction 483:507 simultaneous liquefaction 483:507 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 3 76 from composition 574:584 arg1 City 617:620 City 617:620 City 617:620 A model waste was prepared based on the composition of the organic waste in Masdar City. 25176443 0 77 theme hydrolytic 115:124 arg1 enzymes 126:132 hydrolytic enzymes 115:132 hydrolytic enzymes 115:132 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 7 78 theme undiluted 1205:1213 arg1 OFMSW 1215:1219 the undiluted OFMSW 1201:1219 the undiluted OFMSW 1201:1219 This study has demonstrated that SSF of low severity pretreated OFMSW can be carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae without dilution (addition of water), and liquefaction of the undiluted OFMSW can be achieved in less than 24 h of hydrolysis. 25176443 2 79 theme typical 371:377 arg1 composition 379:389 typical composition 371:389 typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) 371:446 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 2 80 theme solid 428:432 arg1 OFMSW 441:445 OFMSW 441:445 OFMSW 441:445 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 2 80 theme solid 428:432 arg1 waste 434:438 municipal solid waste 418:438 municipal solid waste (OFMSW) 418:446 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 8 81 theme recommended 1373:1383 arg1 dosage 1385:1390 the company recommended dosage 1361:1390 the company recommended dosage 1361:1390 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 4 82 theme total 684:688 arg1 solids 690:695 37 % total solids 679:695 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS) 679:741 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 2 83 theme organic 398:404 arg1 fraction 406:413 the organic fraction 394:413 the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) 394:446 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 0 84 theme solid 50:54 arg1 waste 66:70 solid household waste 50:70 solid household waste 50:70 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 6 85 theme enzyme 931:936 arg1 mix 938:940 this enzyme mix 926:940 this enzyme mix 926:940 The enzymatic hydrolysis using this enzyme mix was studied using different dilutions of the OFMSW at different enzyme loadings. 25176443 8 86 theme % 1397:1397 arg1 cellulase 1399:1407 -0.1 % cellulase 1392:1407 -0.1 % cellulase 1392:1407 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 7 87 dep using 1112:1116 arg1 addition 1161:1168 addition 1161:1168 addition of water 1161:1177 This study has demonstrated that SSF of low severity pretreated OFMSW can be carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae without dilution (addition of water), and liquefaction of the undiluted OFMSW can be achieved in less than 24 h of hydrolysis. 25176443 3 88 theme waste 601:605 arg1 composition 574:584 the composition 570:584 the composition of the organic waste in Masdar City 570:620 A model waste was prepared based on the composition of the organic waste in Masdar City. 25176443 0 89 theme waste 66:70 arg1 fermentation 34:45 fermentation 34:45 fermentation 34:45 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 0 89 theme waste 66:70 arg1 saccharification 13:28 Simultaneous saccharification 0:28 Simultaneous saccharification 0:28 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of solid household waste following mild pretreatment using a mix of hydrolytic enzymes in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 25176443 8 90 theme % 1447:1447 arg1 hemicellulase 1449:1461 0.02 % hemicellulase 1442:1461 0.02 % hemicellulase 1442:1461 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 6 91 theme enzyme 1006:1011 arg1 loadings 1013:1020 different enzyme loadings 996:1020 different enzyme loadings 996:1020 The enzymatic hydrolysis using this enzyme mix was studied using different dilutions of the OFMSW at different enzyme loadings. 25176443 8 92 theme % 1414:1414 arg1 amylase 1416:1422 0.1 % amylase 1410:1422 0.1 % amylase 1410:1422 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 25176443 6 93 theme different 960:968 arg1 dilutions 970:978 different dilutions 960:978 different dilutions of the OFMSW 960:991 The enzymatic hydrolysis using this enzyme mix was studied using different dilutions of the OFMSW at different enzyme loadings. 25176443 4 94 theme solid 732:736 arg1 g 724:724 glucan/100 g total solid 713:736 up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS) 702:741 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 4 94 theme solid 732:736 arg1 TS 739:740 TS 739:740 TS 739:740 Chemical analysis of the OFMSW showed that it contained 37 % total solids with up to 57 g glucan/100 g total solid (TS). 25176443 2 95 theme study 350:354 arg1 aim 339:341 The aim 335:341 The aim of the study 335:354 The aim of the study was to examine typical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and to develop a simple method for simultaneous liquefaction and biofuels production. 25176443 8 96 theme % 1469:1469 arg1 lipase 1471:1476 0.02 % lipase 1464:1476 0.02 % lipase 1464:1476 Also, SSF of the pretreated waste can be carried out with very low enzyme loading (10 % of the company recommended dosage)-0.1 % cellulase, 0.1 % amylase, 0.02 % protease, 0.02 % hemicellulase, 0.02 % lipase, and 0.02 % pectate lyase (w/w per TS) following mild heat pretreatment conditions of 85 °C for 1 h. 28741995 2 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 88:106 arg1 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 2 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 88:106 arg1 strain 152:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 6 1 theme polyamines 787:796 arg1 synthesis 756:764 synthesis 756:764 synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid 756:834 Predicted genes associated with synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid were detected. 28741995 4 2 theme comparative 378:388 arg1 analysis 390:397 comparative analysis 378:397 comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 378:430 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 4 3 theme highest 579:585 arg1 similarity 587:596 highest similarity 579:596 highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %) 579:640 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 10 4 dep sp 1524:1525 arg1 nov. 1518:1521 the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 1486:1521 the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 1486:1521 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 6 5 theme acid 781:784 arg1 synthesis 756:764 synthesis 756:764 synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid 756:834 Predicted genes associated with synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid were detected. 28741995 3 6 theme Bacterial 221:229 arg1 colonies 231:238 Bacterial colonies 221:238 Bacterial colonies 221:238 Bacterial colonies were ivory-coloured on GAM agar and composed of rod-shaped cells with rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size. 28741995 8 7 theme end 984:986 arg1 acid 1018:1021 acetic acid 1011:1021 acetic acid 1011:1021 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 8 7 theme end 984:986 arg1 product 988:994 The major metabolic end product 964:994 The major metabolic end product of glucose 964:1005 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 2 8 theme non-spore-forming 124:140 arg1 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 2 8 theme non-spore-forming 124:140 arg1 strain 152:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 10 9 theme faecis 1506:1511 arg1 nov. 1518:1521 the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 1486:1521 the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 1486:1521 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 10 10 theme distinct 1323:1330 arg1 characteristics 1387:1401 distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1323:1401 distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1323:1401 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 10 11 theme name 1490:1493 arg1 nov. 1518:1521 the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 1486:1521 the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 1486:1521 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 5 12 theme 47.0 mol 684:691 arg1 content 655:661 The DNA G+C content 643:661 The DNA G+C content 643:661 The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 47.0 mol% from whole genome sequencing. 28741995 5 12 theme 47.0 mol 684:691 arg1 % 692:692 47.0 mol% 684:692 47.0 mol% 684:692 The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 47.0 mol% from whole genome sequencing. 28741995 3 13 from 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm 337:354 arg1 size 359:362 size 359:362 size 359:362 Bacterial colonies were ivory-coloured on GAM agar and composed of rod-shaped cells with rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size. 28741995 5 14 theme G+C 651:653 arg1 content 655:661 The DNA G+C content 643:661 The DNA G+C content 643:661 The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 47.0 mol% from whole genome sequencing. 28741995 5 14 theme G+C 651:653 arg1 % 692:692 47.0 mol% 684:692 47.0 mol% 684:692 The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 47.0 mol% from whole genome sequencing. 28741995 12 15 theme =KCTC 1593:1597 arg1 BR31T 1586:1590 BR31T 1586:1590 BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T) 1586:1616 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis is BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T). 28741995 12 15 theme =KCTC 1593:1597 arg1 30748T 1610:1615 =KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T 1593:1615 =KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T 1593:1615 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis is BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T). 28741995 4 16 theme 16S 408:410 arg1 sequences 422:430 16S rRNA gene sequences 408:430 16S rRNA gene sequences 408:430 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 8 17 theme major 968:972 arg1 acid 1018:1021 acetic acid 1011:1021 acetic acid 1011:1021 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 8 17 theme major 968:972 arg1 product 988:994 The major metabolic end product 964:994 The major metabolic end product of glucose 964:1005 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 12 18 theme Merdimonas 1565:1574 arg1 faecis 1576:1581 Merdimonas faecis 1565:1581 Merdimonas faecis 1565:1581 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis is BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T). 28741995 5 19 from sequencing 712:721 arg1 content 655:661 The DNA G+C content 643:661 The DNA G+C content 643:661 The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 47.0 mol% from whole genome sequencing. 28741995 5 19 from sequencing 712:721 arg1 % 692:692 47.0 mol% 684:692 47.0 mol% 684:692 The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 47.0 mol% from whole genome sequencing. 28741995 4 20 theme gene 417:420 arg1 sequences 422:430 16S rRNA gene sequences 408:430 16S rRNA gene sequences 408:430 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 0 21 theme gen. 18:21 arg1 nov. 23:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 0:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 0:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 12 22 theme faecis 1576:1581 arg1 BR31T 1586:1590 BR31T 1586:1590 BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T) 1586:1616 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis is BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T). 28741995 12 22 theme faecis 1576:1581 arg1 strain 1555:1560 The type strain 1546:1560 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis 1546:1581 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis is BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T). 28741995 3 23 theme rod-shaped 288:297 arg1 cells 299:303 rod-shaped cells 288:303 rod-shaped cells with rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size 288:362 Bacterial colonies were ivory-coloured on GAM agar and composed of rod-shaped cells with rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size. 28741995 9 24 theme overall 1193:1199 arg1 activity 1208:1215 overall enzyme activity 1193:1215 overall enzyme activity 1193:1215 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 9 25 from genera 1300:1305 arg1 differentiation 1241:1255 phenotypic differentiation 1230:1255 phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera 1230:1305 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 3 26 theme 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm 337:354 arg1 ends 318:321 rounded ends 310:321 rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size 310:362 Bacterial colonies were ivory-coloured on GAM agar and composed of rod-shaped cells with rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size. 28741995 7 27 contain contained 869:877 arg1 peptidoglycan 855:867 The peptidoglycan 851:867 The peptidoglycan 851:867 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the main polar lipid detected was phosphatidylglycerol. 28741995 7 27 contain contained 869:877 arg2 acid 899:902 meso-diaminopimelic acid 879:902 meso-diaminopimelic acid 879:902 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the main polar lipid detected was phosphatidylglycerol. 28741995 3 28 from size 359:362 arg1 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm 337:354 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm 337:354 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm 337:354 Bacterial colonies were ivory-coloured on GAM agar and composed of rod-shaped cells with rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size. 28741995 12 29 theme type 1550:1553 arg1 BR31T 1586:1590 BR31T 1586:1590 BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T) 1586:1616 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis is BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T). 28741995 12 29 theme type 1550:1553 arg1 strain 1555:1560 The type strain 1546:1560 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis 1546:1581 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis is BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T). 28741995 10 30 theme strain 1404:1409 arg1 BR31T 1411:1415 strain BR31T 1404:1415 strain BR31T 1404:1415 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 5 31 theme genome 705:710 arg1 sequencing 712:721 whole genome sequencing 699:721 whole genome sequencing 699:721 The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 47.0 mol% from whole genome sequencing. 28741995 9 32 theme phenotypic 1230:1239 arg1 differentiation 1241:1255 phenotypic differentiation 1230:1255 phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera 1230:1305 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 1 33 theme human 53:57 arg1 faeces 59:64 human faeces 53:64 human faeces 53:64 nov., isolated from human faeces. 28741995 4 34 theme phylogenetic 464:475 arg1 lineage 477:483 a distinct phylogenetic lineage 453:483 a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae 453:571 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 0 35 theme Merdimonas 0:9 arg1 nov. 23:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 0:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 0:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 2 36 theme human 214:218 arg1 sample 194:199 a faecal sample 185:199 a faecal sample of a healthy human 185:218 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 7 37 theme main 912:915 arg1 lipid 923:927 the main polar lipid 908:927 the main polar lipid detected 908:936 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the main polar lipid detected was phosphatidylglycerol. 28741995 7 37 theme main 912:915 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 942:961 phosphatidylglycerol 942:961 phosphatidylglycerol 942:961 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the main polar lipid detected was phosphatidylglycerol. 28741995 4 38 from XIVa 538:541 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 557:571 the family Lachnospiraceae 546:571 the family Lachnospiraceae 546:571 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 9 39 theme BR31T 1267:1271 arg1 differentiation 1241:1255 phenotypic differentiation 1230:1255 phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera 1230:1305 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 12 40 theme 15482T=JCM 1599:1608 arg1 BR31T 1586:1590 BR31T 1586:1590 BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T) 1586:1616 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis is BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T). 28741995 12 40 theme 15482T=JCM 1599:1608 arg1 30748T 1610:1615 =KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T 1593:1615 =KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T 1593:1615 The type strain of Merdimonas faecis is BR31T (=KCTC 15482T=JCM 30748T). 28741995 9 41 theme other 1278:1282 arg1 genera 1300:1305 other closely related genera 1278:1305 other closely related genera 1278:1305 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 6 42 theme acid 831:834 arg1 synthesis 756:764 synthesis 756:764 synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid 756:834 Predicted genes associated with synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid were detected. 28741995 6 43 theme Predicted 724:732 arg1 genes 734:738 Predicted genes 724:738 Predicted genes associated with synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid 724:834 Predicted genes associated with synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid were detected. 28741995 9 44 theme related 1292:1298 arg1 genera 1300:1305 other closely related genera 1278:1305 other closely related genera 1278:1305 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 4 45 theme Clostridium 518:528 arg1 XIVa 538:541 Clostridium cluster XIVa 518:541 Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae 518:571 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 6 46 theme polar 799:803 arg1 lipids 805:810 polar lipids 799:810 polar lipids 799:810 Predicted genes associated with synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid were detected. 28741995 10 47 theme genus 1469:1473 arg1 species 1452:1458 a novel species 1444:1458 a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp 1444:1525 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 9 48 theme cellular 1119:1126 arg1 acids 1134:1138 major cellular fatty acids 1113:1138 major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) 1113:1187 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 4 49 theme Eubacterium 601:611 arg1 3982T 627:631 Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T 601:631 Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %) 601:640 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 4 49 theme Eubacterium 601:611 arg1 % 639:639 94.6 % 634:639 94.6 % 634:639 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 9 50 theme acids 1134:1138 arg1 profile 1102:1108 the profile 1098:1108 the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity 1098:1215 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 8 51 theme metabolic 974:982 arg1 acid 1018:1021 acetic acid 1011:1021 acetic acid 1011:1021 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 8 51 theme metabolic 974:982 arg1 product 988:994 The major metabolic end product 964:994 The major metabolic end product of glucose 964:1005 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 2 52 theme anaerobic 78:86 arg1 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 2 52 theme anaerobic 78:86 arg1 strain 152:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 2 53 theme bacterial 142:150 arg1 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 2 53 theme bacterial 142:150 arg1 strain 152:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 6 54 theme teichuronic 769:779 arg1 acid 781:784 teichuronic acid 769:784 teichuronic acid 769:784 Predicted genes associated with synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid were detected. 28741995 8 55 theme glucose 999:1005 arg1 acid 1018:1021 acetic acid 1011:1021 acetic acid 1011:1021 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 8 55 theme glucose 999:1005 arg1 product 988:994 The major metabolic end product 964:994 The major metabolic end product of glucose 964:1005 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 10 56 theme gen. 1513:1516 arg1 nov. 1518:1521 the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 1486:1521 the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 1486:1521 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 10 57 theme phenotypic 1332:1341 arg1 characteristics 1387:1401 distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1323:1401 distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1323:1401 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 8 58 theme acetic 1011:1016 arg1 acid 1018:1021 acetic acid 1011:1021 acetic acid 1011:1021 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 8 58 theme acetic 1011:1016 arg1 product 988:994 The major metabolic end product 964:994 The major metabolic end product of glucose 964:1005 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 10 59 theme Merdimonas 1495:1504 arg1 nov. 1518:1521 the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 1486:1521 the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 1486:1521 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 3 60 theme GAM 263:265 arg1 agar 267:270 GAM agar 263:270 GAM agar 263:270 Bacterial colonies were ivory-coloured on GAM agar and composed of rod-shaped cells with rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size. 28741995 4 61 theme strain 433:438 arg1 BR31T 440:444 strain BR31T 433:444 strain BR31T 433:444 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 8 62 with agreement 1037:1045 arg1 those 1052:1056 those 1052:1056 those 1052:1056 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 4 63 theme DSM 623:625 arg1 3982T 627:631 Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T 601:631 Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %) 601:640 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 4 63 theme DSM 623:625 arg1 % 639:639 94.6 % 634:639 94.6 % 634:639 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 9 64 theme summed 1159:1164 arg1 feature 1166:1172 summed feature 4 1159:1174 summed feature 4 1159:1174 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 9 64 theme summed 1159:1164 arg1  0 1155:1156  0 1155:1156  0 1155:1156 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 2 65 theme healthy 206:212 arg1 human 214:218 a healthy human 204:218 a healthy human 204:218 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 5 66 theme DNA 647:649 arg1 content 655:661 The DNA G+C content 643:661 The DNA G+C content 643:661 The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 47.0 mol% from whole genome sequencing. 28741995 5 66 theme DNA 647:649 arg1 % 692:692 47.0 mol% 684:692 47.0 mol% 684:692 The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 47.0 mol% from whole genome sequencing. 28741995 4 67 theme rRNA 412:415 arg1 sequences 422:430 16S rRNA gene sequences 408:430 16S rRNA gene sequences 408:430 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 3 68 with cells 299:303 arg1 ends 318:321 rounded ends 310:321 rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size 310:362 Bacterial colonies were ivory-coloured on GAM agar and composed of rod-shaped cells with rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size. 28741995 9 69 dep C16  1141:1144 arg1  0 1146:1147  0 1146:1147  0 1146:1147 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 9 69 dep C16  1141:1144 arg1 C13  1180:1183 C13  1180:1183 C13  1180:1183 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 9 69 dep C16  1141:1144 arg1  0 1185:1186  0 1185:1186  0 1185:1186 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 9 69 dep C16  1141:1144 arg1 feature 1166:1172 summed feature 4 1159:1174 summed feature 4 1159:1174 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 9 69 dep C16  1141:1144 arg1  0 1155:1156  0 1155:1156  0 1155:1156 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 3 70 theme rounded 310:316 arg1 ends 318:321 rounded ends 310:321 rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size 310:362 Bacterial colonies were ivory-coloured on GAM agar and composed of rod-shaped cells with rounded ends approximately 1.4-2.1×0.5-0.6 µm in size. 28741995 9 71 theme activity 1208:1215 arg1 profile 1102:1108 the profile 1098:1108 the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity 1098:1215 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 4 72 theme new 501:503 arg1 genus 505:509 a new genus 499:509 a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae 499:571 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 10 73 theme genotypic 1358:1366 arg1 characteristics 1387:1401 distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1323:1401 distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1323:1401 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 9 74 theme enzyme 1201:1206 arg1 activity 1208:1215 overall enzyme activity 1193:1215 overall enzyme activity 1193:1215 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 4 75 theme distinct 455:462 arg1 lineage 477:483 a distinct phylogenetic lineage 453:483 a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae 453:571 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 10 76 theme phylogenetic 1344:1355 arg1 characteristics 1387:1401 distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1323:1401 distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1323:1401 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 5 77 theme whole 699:703 arg1 sequencing 712:721 whole genome sequencing 699:721 whole genome sequencing 699:721 The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 47.0 mol% from whole genome sequencing. 28741995 0 78 theme faecis 11:16 arg1 nov. 23:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 0:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 0:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 2 79 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 strain 152:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 2 79 attach isolated 171:178 arg1 sample 194:199 a faecal sample 185:199 a faecal sample of a healthy human 185:218 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 2 79 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 10 80 theme chemotaxonomic 1372:1385 arg1 characteristics 1387:1401 distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1323:1401 distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1323:1401 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 9 81 theme strain 1260:1265 arg1 BR31T 1267:1271 strain BR31T 1260:1271 strain BR31T 1260:1271 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 8 82 theme most 1061:1064 arg1 members 1066:1072 most members 1061:1072 most members of the family 1061:1086 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 7 83 theme polar 917:921 arg1 lipid 923:927 the main polar lipid 908:927 the main polar lipid detected 908:936 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the main polar lipid detected was phosphatidylglycerol. 28741995 7 83 theme polar 917:921 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 942:961 phosphatidylglycerol 942:961 phosphatidylglycerol 942:961 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the main polar lipid detected was phosphatidylglycerol. 28741995 9 84 dep acids 1134:1138 arg1 C14  1150:1153 C14  1150:1153 C14  1150:1153 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 9 84 dep acids 1134:1138 arg1 C16  1141:1144 C16  1141:1144 C16  1141:1144 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 4 85 theme family 550:555 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 557:571 the family Lachnospiraceae 546:571 the family Lachnospiraceae 546:571 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 8 86 theme family 1081:1086 arg1 members 1066:1072 most members 1061:1072 most members of the family 1061:1086 The major metabolic end product of glucose was acetic acid, which was in agreement with those of most members of the family. 28741995 6 87 theme diaminopimelic 816:829 arg1 acid 831:834 diaminopimelic acid 816:834 diaminopimelic acid 816:834 Predicted genes associated with synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid were detected. 28741995 0 88 dep sp 29:30 arg1 nov. 23:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 0:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov. 0:26 Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 4 89 theme cluster 530:536 arg1 XIVa 538:541 Clostridium cluster XIVa 518:541 Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae 518:571 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 10 90 theme novel 1446:1450 arg1 species 1452:1458 a novel species 1444:1458 a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp 1444:1525 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 2 91 theme faecal 187:192 arg1 sample 194:199 a faecal sample 185:199 a faecal sample of a healthy human 185:218 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 6 92 theme lipids 805:810 arg1 synthesis 756:764 synthesis 756:764 synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid 756:834 Predicted genes associated with synthesis of teichuronic acid, polyamines, polar lipids and diaminopimelic acid were detected. 28741995 9 93 theme major 1113:1117 arg1 acids 1134:1138 major cellular fatty acids 1113:1138 major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) 1113:1187 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 28741995 7 94 theme meso-diaminopimelic 879:897 arg1 acid 899:902 meso-diaminopimelic acid 879:902 meso-diaminopimelic acid 879:902 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the main polar lipid detected was phosphatidylglycerol. 28741995 4 95 theme contortum 613:621 arg1 3982T 627:631 Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T 601:631 Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %) 601:640 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 4 95 theme contortum 613:621 arg1 % 639:639 94.6 % 634:639 94.6 % 634:639 According to comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BR31T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus within Clostridium cluster XIVa in the family Lachnospiraceae, with highest similarity to Eubacterium contortum DSM 3982T (94.6 %). 28741995 10 96 theme new 1465:1467 arg1 genus 1469:1473 a new genus 1463:1473 a new genus 1463:1473 Thus, based on distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain BR31T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Merdimonas faecis gen. nov., sp. 28741995 2 97 theme non-motile 109:118 arg1 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 BR31T 160:164 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 2 97 theme non-motile 109:118 arg1 strain 152:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain 67:157 A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BR31T, was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy human. 28741995 9 98 theme fatty 1128:1132 arg1 acids 1134:1138 major cellular fatty acids 1113:1138 major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) 1113:1187 However, the profile of major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 0, C14 : 0, summed feature 4 and C13 : 0) and overall enzyme activity demonstrated phenotypic differentiation of strain BR31T from other closely related genera. 26250427 8 0 theme acids 1583:1587 arg1 presence 1474:1481 the presence 1470:1481 the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids 1470:1645 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 4 1 dep fractions 511:519 arg1 water 604:608 water 604:608 water (H2O) 604:614 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 1 dep fractions 511:519 arg1 acetate 553:559 ethyl acetate 547:559 ethyl acetate (EtOAc) 547:567 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 1 dep fractions 511:519 arg1 ether 531:535 petroleum ether 521:535 petroleum ether (PE) 521:540 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 1 dep fractions 511:519 arg1 butanol 586:592 water saturated butanol 570:592 water saturated butanol (n-BuOH) 570:601 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 1 dep fractions 511:519 arg1 PE 538:539 PE 538:539 PE 538:539 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 1 dep fractions 511:519 arg1 H2O 611:613 H2O 611:613 H2O 611:613 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 1 dep fractions 511:519 arg1 EtOAc 562:566 EtOAc 562:566 EtOAc 562:566 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 1 dep fractions 511:519 arg1 n-BuOH 595:600 n-BuOH 595:600 n-BuOH 595:600 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 1 dep fractions 511:519 arg1 fractions 511:519 four fractions 506:519 four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O) 506:614 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 2 theme liquid-liquid 448:460 arg1 fractionation 462:474 liquid-liquid fractionation 448:474 liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract 448:499 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 7 3 theme seahorse 1032:1039 arg1 extract 1041:1047 seahorse extract 1032:1047 seahorse extract 1032:1047 The result shows that seahorse extract was capable of inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) significantly in a dose dependent manner and exhibited no notable cytotoxicity on cell viability. 26250427 2 4 theme anti-inflammatory 287:303 arg1 activity 305:312 its anti-inflammatory activity 283:312 its anti-inflammatory activity 283:312 However, the alcohol extract is largely unknown for its anti-inflammatory activity. 26250427 1 5 theme Asian 214:218 arg1 countries 220:228 Asian countries 214:228 Asian countries 214:228 Three-Spot seahorse is a traditional medicine in Asian countries. 26250427 6 6 theme fractions 896:904 arg1 Effect 876:881 Effect 876:881 Effect of separated fractions on inflammation 876:920 Effect of separated fractions on inflammation was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26250427 4 7 theme solvent 419:425 arg1 method 438:443 A systematic solvent extraction method 406:443 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract 406:499 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 5 8 theme screening 692:700 arg1 test 702:705 preliminary screening test 680:705 preliminary screening test 680:705 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 5 9 theme phases 803:808 arg1 polarity 784:791 different polarity 774:791 different polarity of mobile phases 774:808 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 5 10 theme active 829:834 arg1 fractions 836:844 four active fractions 824:844 four active fractions 824:844 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 9 11 theme lipid-soluble 1684:1696 arg1 components 1698:1707 seahorse lipid-soluble components 1675:1707 seahorse lipid-soluble components 1675:1707 It could be suggested that seahorse lipid-soluble components could be used in functional food and anti-inflammatory drug preparations. 26250427 8 12 theme in 1387:1388 arg1 potentiality 1414:1425 its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality 1383:1425 its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality 1383:1425 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 5 13 theme further 660:666 arg1 study 668:672 further study 660:672 further study after preliminary screening test 660:705 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 8 14 theme anti-inflammatory 1396:1412 arg1 potentiality 1414:1425 its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality 1383:1425 its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality 1383:1425 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 3 15 theme potent 359:364 arg1 activity 384:391 potent anti-inflammatory activity 359:391 potent anti-inflammatory activity of seahorse 359:403 This study aimed at elucidating fraction of potent anti-inflammatory activity of seahorse. 26250427 4 16 theme crude 487:491 arg1 extract 493:499 ethanol crude extract 479:499 ethanol crude extract 479:499 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 5 17 theme column 736:741 arg1 chromatography 743:756 silica column chromatography 729:756 silica column chromatography 729:756 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 0 18 theme Three-spot 10:19 arg1 Extract 46:52 Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract 10:52 Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract 10:52 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 5 19 theme Fr 853:854 arg1 II 856:857 Fr II 853:857 Fr II 853:857 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 5 19 theme Fr 853:854 arg1 I 850:850 Fr I 847:850 Fr I 847:850 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 8 20 contain possessed 1281:1289 arg2 activity 1312:1319 potent NO inhibitory activity 1291:1319 potent NO inhibitory activity 1291:1319 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 20 contain possessed 1281:1289 arg1 fraction 1272:1279 separated fraction 1262:1279 separated fraction 1262:1279 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 0 21 theme Macrophage 84:93 arg1 Cytokine 117:124 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine 57:124 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide 57:137 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 3 22 theme seahorse 396:403 arg1 activity 384:391 potent anti-inflammatory activity 359:391 potent anti-inflammatory activity of seahorse 359:403 This study aimed at elucidating fraction of potent anti-inflammatory activity of seahorse. 26250427 0 23 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Analysis 155:162 Composition Analysis 143:162 Composition Analysis 143:162 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 0 23 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Oxide 133:137 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide 57:137 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide 57:137 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 0 24 theme Inflammatory 104:115 arg1 Cytokine 117:124 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine 57:124 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide 57:137 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 9 25 used used 1718:1721 arg2 components 1698:1707 seahorse lipid-soluble components 1675:1707 seahorse lipid-soluble components 1675:1707 It could be suggested that seahorse lipid-soluble components could be used in functional food and anti-inflammatory drug preparations. 26250427 3 26 theme activity 384:391 arg1 fraction 347:354 fraction 347:354 fraction of potent anti-inflammatory activity of seahorse 347:403 This study aimed at elucidating fraction of potent anti-inflammatory activity of seahorse. 26250427 0 27 theme Nitric 126:131 arg1 Oxide 133:137 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide 57:137 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide 57:137 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 0 28 theme Induced 76:82 arg1 Cytokine 117:124 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine 57:124 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide 57:137 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 8 29 theme potent 1291:1296 arg1 activity 1312:1319 potent NO inhibitory activity 1291:1319 potent NO inhibitory activity 1291:1319 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 5 30 theme mobile 796:801 arg1 phases 803:808 mobile phases 796:808 mobile phases 796:808 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 4 31 theme water 570:574 arg1 fractions 511:519 four fractions 506:519 four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O) 506:614 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 31 theme water 570:574 arg1 n-BuOH 595:600 n-BuOH 595:600 n-BuOH 595:600 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 31 theme water 570:574 arg1 butanol 586:592 water saturated butanol 570:592 water saturated butanol (n-BuOH) 570:601 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 8 32 theme inhibitory 1301:1310 arg1 activity 1312:1319 potent NO inhibitory activity 1291:1319 potent NO inhibitory activity 1291:1319 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 7 33 theme oxide 1100:1104 arg1 production 1079:1088 the production 1075:1088 the production of nitric oxide (NO) 1075:1109 The result shows that seahorse extract was capable of inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) significantly in a dose dependent manner and exhibited no notable cytotoxicity on cell viability. 26250427 6 34 theme RAW264.7 985:992 arg1 cells 994:998 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells 942:998 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells 942:998 Effect of separated fractions on inflammation was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26250427 8 35 theme anti-inflammation 1486:1502 arg1 phospholipids 1601:1613 phospholipids 1601:1613 phospholipids 1601:1613 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 35 theme anti-inflammation 1486:1502 arg1 acids 1641:1645 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1619:1645 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1619:1645 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 35 theme anti-inflammation 1486:1502 arg1 substances 1511:1520 anti-inflammation active substances 1486:1520 anti-inflammation active substances 1486:1520 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 0 36 theme Petroleum 30:38 arg1 Extract 46:52 Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract 10:52 Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract 10:52 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 6 37 theme stimulated 967:976 arg1 cells 994:998 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells 942:998 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells 942:998 Effect of separated fractions on inflammation was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26250427 8 38 theme substances 1511:1520 arg1 presence 1474:1481 the presence 1470:1481 the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids 1470:1645 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 39 theme inflammatory 1341:1352 arg1 response 1354:1361 LPS-induced inflammatory response 1329:1361 LPS-induced inflammatory response 1329:1361 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 0 40 theme Extract 46:52 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 0:163 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 8 41 theme phenolic 1523:1530 arg1 compounds 1532:1540 phenolic compounds 1523:1540 phenolic compounds 1523:1540 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 6 42 from Effect 876:881 arg1 inflammation 909:920 inflammation 909:920 inflammation 909:920 Effect of separated fractions on inflammation was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26250427 7 43 theme cell 1193:1196 arg1 viability 1198:1206 cell viability 1193:1206 cell viability 1193:1206 The result shows that seahorse extract was capable of inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) significantly in a dose dependent manner and exhibited no notable cytotoxicity on cell viability. 26250427 8 44 theme polyunsaturated 1619:1633 arg1 substances 1511:1520 anti-inflammation active substances 1486:1520 anti-inflammation active substances 1486:1520 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 44 theme polyunsaturated 1619:1633 arg1 acids 1641:1645 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1619:1645 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1619:1645 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 9 45 theme functional 1726:1735 arg1 food 1737:1740 functional food 1726:1740 functional food 1726:1740 It could be suggested that seahorse lipid-soluble components could be used in functional food and anti-inflammatory drug preparations. 26250427 5 46 theme PE 632:633 arg1 extract 635:641 PE extract 632:641 PE extract 632:641 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 8 47 theme fatty 1577:1581 arg1 acids 1583:1587 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1561:1587 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1561:1587 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 4 48 theme fractionation 462:474 arg1 method 438:443 A systematic solvent extraction method 406:443 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract 406:499 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 1 49 theme traditional 190:200 arg1 seahorse 176:183 Three-Spot seahorse 165:183 Three-Spot seahorse 165:183 Three-Spot seahorse is a traditional medicine in Asian countries. 26250427 1 49 theme traditional 190:200 arg1 medicine 202:209 a traditional medicine 188:209 a traditional medicine in Asian countries 188:228 Three-Spot seahorse is a traditional medicine in Asian countries. 26250427 4 50 theme systematic 408:417 arg1 method 438:443 A systematic solvent extraction method 406:443 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract 406:499 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 7 51 theme dependent 1135:1143 arg1 manner 1145:1150 a dose dependent manner 1128:1150 a dose dependent manner 1128:1150 The result shows that seahorse extract was capable of inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) significantly in a dose dependent manner and exhibited no notable cytotoxicity on cell viability. 26250427 5 52 theme Fr 847:848 arg1 II 856:857 Fr II 853:857 Fr II 853:857 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 5 52 theme Fr 847:848 arg1 Fr 868:869 Fr IV 868:872 Fr IV 868:872 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 5 52 theme Fr 847:848 arg1 Fr 860:861 Fr III 860:865 Fr III 860:865 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 5 52 theme Fr 847:848 arg1 I 850:850 Fr I 847:850 Fr I 847:850 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 4 53 theme extraction 427:436 arg1 method 438:443 A systematic solvent extraction method 406:443 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract 406:499 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 0 54 theme Composition 143:153 arg1 Analysis 155:162 Composition Analysis 143:162 Composition Analysis 143:162 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 6 55 theme separated 886:894 arg1 fractions 896:904 separated fractions 886:904 separated fractions 886:904 Effect of separated fractions on inflammation was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26250427 8 56 dep possessed 1281:1289 arg1 demonstrated 1370:1381 demonstrated 1370:1381 demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality 1370:1425 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 9 57 theme seahorse 1675:1682 arg1 components 1698:1707 seahorse lipid-soluble components 1675:1707 seahorse lipid-soluble components 1675:1707 It could be suggested that seahorse lipid-soluble components could be used in functional food and anti-inflammatory drug preparations. 26250427 4 58 theme petroleum 521:529 arg1 PE 538:539 PE 538:539 PE 538:539 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 58 theme petroleum 521:529 arg1 ether 531:535 petroleum ether 521:535 petroleum ether (PE) 521:540 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 58 theme petroleum 521:529 arg1 fractions 511:519 four fractions 506:519 four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O) 506:614 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 2 59 theme alcohol 244:250 arg1 extract 252:258 the alcohol extract 240:258 the alcohol extract 240:258 However, the alcohol extract is largely unknown for its anti-inflammatory activity. 26250427 2 59 theme alcohol 244:250 arg1 unknown 271:277 unknown 271:277 unknown 271:277 However, the alcohol extract is largely unknown for its anti-inflammatory activity. 26250427 4 60 theme ethyl 547:551 arg1 fractions 511:519 four fractions 506:519 four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O) 506:614 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 60 theme ethyl 547:551 arg1 EtOAc 562:566 EtOAc 562:566 EtOAc 562:566 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 60 theme ethyl 547:551 arg1 acetate 553:559 ethyl acetate 547:559 ethyl acetate (EtOAc) 547:567 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 5 61 theme preliminary 680:690 arg1 test 702:705 preliminary screening test 680:705 preliminary screening test 680:705 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 4 62 theme ethanol 479:485 arg1 extract 493:499 ethanol crude extract 479:499 ethanol crude extract 479:499 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 7 63 theme nitric 1093:1098 arg1 oxide 1100:1104 nitric oxide 1093:1104 nitric oxide (NO) 1093:1109 The result shows that seahorse extract was capable of inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) significantly in a dose dependent manner and exhibited no notable cytotoxicity on cell viability. 26250427 7 63 theme nitric 1093:1098 arg1 NO 1107:1108 NO 1107:1108 NO 1107:1108 The result shows that seahorse extract was capable of inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) significantly in a dose dependent manner and exhibited no notable cytotoxicity on cell viability. 26250427 4 64 theme extract 493:499 arg1 fractionation 462:474 liquid-liquid fractionation 448:474 liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract 448:499 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 8 65 theme fraction 1217:1224 arg1 IC50 1209:1212 IC50 1209:1212 IC50 of fraction IV 1209:1227 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 5 66 theme silica 729:734 arg1 chromatography 743:756 silica column chromatography 729:756 silica column chromatography 729:756 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 1 67 theme Three-Spot 165:174 arg1 seahorse 176:183 Three-Spot seahorse 165:183 Three-Spot seahorse 165:183 Three-Spot seahorse is a traditional medicine in Asian countries. 26250427 1 67 theme Three-Spot 165:174 arg1 medicine 202:209 a traditional medicine 188:209 a traditional medicine in Asian countries 188:228 Three-Spot seahorse is a traditional medicine in Asian countries. 26250427 3 68 theme anti-inflammatory 366:382 arg1 activity 384:391 potent anti-inflammatory activity 359:391 potent anti-inflammatory activity of seahorse 359:403 This study aimed at elucidating fraction of potent anti-inflammatory activity of seahorse. 26250427 0 69 theme RAW264.7 95:102 arg1 Cytokine 117:124 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine 57:124 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide 57:137 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 1 70 from medicine 202:209 arg1 countries 220:228 Asian countries 214:228 Asian countries 214:228 Three-Spot seahorse is a traditional medicine in Asian countries. 26250427 9 71 dep food 1737:1740 arg1 preparations 1769:1780 preparations 1769:1780 preparations 1769:1780 It could be suggested that seahorse lipid-soluble components could be used in functional food and anti-inflammatory drug preparations. 26250427 0 72 theme Cytokine 117:124 arg1 Oxide 133:137 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide 57:137 Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide 57:137 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 9 73 theme anti-inflammatory 1746:1762 arg1 drug 1764:1767 anti-inflammatory drug 1746:1767 anti-inflammatory drug 1746:1767 It could be suggested that seahorse lipid-soluble components could be used in functional food and anti-inflammatory drug preparations. 26250427 6 74 dep stimulated 967:976 arg1 LPS 962:964 LPS 962:964 LPS 962:964 Effect of separated fractions on inflammation was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26250427 6 74 dep stimulated 967:976 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 942:959 lipopolysaccharide 942:959 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 942:965 Effect of separated fractions on inflammation was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26250427 8 75 theme separated 1262:1270 arg1 fraction 1272:1279 separated fraction 1262:1279 separated fraction 1262:1279 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 4 76 theme saturated 576:584 arg1 fractions 511:519 four fractions 506:519 four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O) 506:614 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 76 theme saturated 576:584 arg1 n-BuOH 595:600 n-BuOH 595:600 n-BuOH 595:600 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 4 76 theme saturated 576:584 arg1 butanol 586:592 water saturated butanol 570:592 water saturated butanol (n-BuOH) 570:601 A systematic solvent extraction method of liquid-liquid fractionation of ethanol crude extract gave four fractions petroleum ether (PE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), water saturated butanol (n-BuOH), water (H2O). 26250427 0 77 theme Seahorse 21:28 arg1 Extract 46:52 Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract 10:52 Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract 10:52 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 8 78 theme active 1504:1509 arg1 phospholipids 1601:1613 phospholipids 1601:1613 phospholipids 1601:1613 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 78 theme active 1504:1509 arg1 acids 1641:1645 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1619:1645 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1619:1645 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 78 theme active 1504:1509 arg1 substances 1511:1520 anti-inflammation active substances 1486:1520 anti-inflammation active substances 1486:1520 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 79 theme NO 1298:1299 arg1 activity 1312:1319 potent NO inhibitory activity 1291:1319 potent NO inhibitory activity 1291:1319 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 0 80 theme Ether 40:44 arg1 Extract 46:52 Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract 10:52 Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract 10:52 Effect of Three-spot Seahorse Petroleum Ether Extract on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammatory Cytokine Nitric Oxide and Composition Analysis. 26250427 6 81 theme murine 978:983 arg1 cells 994:998 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells 942:998 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells 942:998 Effect of separated fractions on inflammation was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26250427 5 82 theme different 774:782 arg1 polarity 784:791 different polarity 774:791 different polarity of mobile phases 774:808 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 8 83 dep in 1387:1388 arg1 vitro 1390:1394 vitro 1390:1394 vitro 1390:1394 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 84 theme compounds 1532:1540 arg1 presence 1474:1481 the presence 1470:1481 the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids 1470:1645 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 85 theme LPS-induced 1329:1339 arg1 response 1354:1361 LPS-induced inflammatory response 1329:1361 LPS-induced inflammatory response 1329:1361 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 86 theme phospholipids 1543:1555 arg1 presence 1474:1481 the presence 1470:1481 the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids 1470:1645 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 87 theme fatty 1635:1639 arg1 substances 1511:1520 anti-inflammation active substances 1486:1520 anti-inflammation active substances 1486:1520 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 8 87 theme fatty 1635:1639 arg1 acids 1641:1645 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1619:1645 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1619:1645 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 7 88 theme notable 1169:1175 arg1 cytotoxicity 1177:1188 no notable cytotoxicity 1166:1188 no notable cytotoxicity 1166:1188 The result shows that seahorse extract was capable of inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) significantly in a dose dependent manner and exhibited no notable cytotoxicity on cell viability. 26250427 8 89 theme polyunsaturated 1561:1575 arg1 acids 1583:1587 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1561:1587 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1561:1587 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 26250427 5 90 dep obtained 815:822 arg1 II 856:857 Fr II 853:857 Fr II 853:857 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 5 90 dep obtained 815:822 arg1 Fr 868:869 Fr IV 868:872 Fr IV 868:872 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 5 90 dep obtained 815:822 arg1 Fr 860:861 Fr III 860:865 Fr III 860:865 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 5 90 dep obtained 815:822 arg1 I 850:850 Fr I 847:850 Fr I 847:850 In this study, PE extract was selected for further study after preliminary screening test, and was connected to silica column chromatography and eluted with different polarity of mobile phases, and obtained four active fractions (Fr I, Fr II, Fr III, Fr IV). 26250427 8 91 dep partially 1447:1455 arg1 at 1438:1439 at 1438:1439 at 1438:1439 IC50 of fraction IV was 36.31 μg/mL, indicating that separated fraction possessed potent NO inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammatory response, thus, demonstrated its in vitro anti-inflammatory potentiality, it may be at least partially explained by the presence of anti-inflammation active substances, phenolic compounds, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 24576772 1 0 theme glycogen 293:300 arg1 content 314:320 postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content 275:320 postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content 275:320 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 3 1 theme blood 669:673 arg1 levels 683:688 higher blood glucose levels 662:688 higher blood glucose levels 662:688 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 2 2 theme serum 499:503 arg1 cortisol 505:512 serum cortisol 499:512 serum cortisol 499:512 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 4 3 theme glycolytic 942:951 arg1 rates 953:957 early glycolytic rates 936:957 early glycolytic rates 936:957 These results imply that measuring blood glucose levels at exsanguination can be useful to indicate early glycolytic rates during postmortem and thus may be of value in the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits. 24576772 1 4 theme blood 211:215 arg1 levels 225:230 blood glucose levels 211:230 blood glucose levels 211:230 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 0 5 theme levels 60:65 arg1 Association 0:10 Association 0:10 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality 0:134 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 2 6 with pigs 429:432 arg1 levels 460:465 higher blood glucose levels 439:465 higher blood glucose levels 439:465 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 1 7 theme glucose 217:223 arg1 levels 225:230 blood glucose levels 211:230 blood glucose levels 211:230 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 0 8 theme metabolites 75:85 arg1 Association 0:10 Association 0:10 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality 0:134 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 1 9 theme lactate 306:312 arg1 content 314:320 postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content 275:320 postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content 275:320 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 3 10 theme type 701:704 arg1 IIB 706:708 type IIB 701:708 type IIB 701:708 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 2 11 theme lactate 588:594 arg1 content 596:602 higher lactate content 581:602 higher lactate content 581:602 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 3 12 theme paler 783:787 arg1 color 789:793 paler color 783:793 paler color 783:793 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 1 13 theme levels 225:230 arg1 relationship 195:206 the relationship 191:206 the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits 191:376 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 0 14 theme muscle 68:73 arg1 metabolites 75:85 muscle metabolites 68:85 muscle metabolites 68:85 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 2 15 theme higher 581:586 arg1 content 596:602 higher lactate content 581:602 higher lactate content 581:602 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 3 16 contain had 690:692 arg2 composition 732:742 higher type IIB and lower type I area composition 694:742 higher type IIB and lower type I area composition 694:742 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 3 16 contain had 690:692 arg1 pigs 652:655 pigs 652:655 pigs with higher blood glucose levels 652:688 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 4 17 theme undesirable 1037:1047 arg1 traits 1057:1062 undesirable quality traits 1037:1062 undesirable quality traits 1037:1062 These results imply that measuring blood glucose levels at exsanguination can be useful to indicate early glycolytic rates during postmortem and thus may be of value in the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits. 24576772 4 18 theme pork 1027:1030 arg1 identification 1009:1022 the identification 1005:1022 the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits 1005:1062 These results imply that measuring blood glucose levels at exsanguination can be useful to indicate early glycolytic rates during postmortem and thus may be of value in the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits. 24576772 0 19 theme muscle 88:93 arg1 composition 106:116 muscle fiber type composition 88:116 muscle fiber type composition 88:116 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 2 20 theme lactate 487:493 arg1 levels 514:519 higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels 474:519 higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels 474:519 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 3 21 with pigs 652:655 arg1 levels 683:688 higher blood glucose levels 662:688 higher blood glucose levels 662:688 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 3 22 theme area 727:730 arg1 composition 732:742 higher type IIB and lower type I area composition 694:742 higher type IIB and lower type I area composition 694:742 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 2 23 theme blood 446:450 arg1 levels 460:465 higher blood glucose levels 439:465 higher blood glucose levels 439:465 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 1 24 theme muscle 323:328 arg1 composition 341:351 muscle fiber type composition 323:351 muscle fiber type composition 323:351 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 2 25 theme residual 559:566 arg1 glycogen 568:575 lower residual glycogen 553:575 lower residual glycogen 553:575 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 3 26 theme higher 694:699 arg1 composition 732:742 higher type IIB and lower type I area composition 694:742 higher type IIB and lower type I area composition 694:742 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 2 27 theme glucose 452:458 arg1 levels 460:465 higher blood glucose levels 439:465 higher blood glucose levels 439:465 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 1 28 theme fiber 330:334 arg1 composition 341:351 muscle fiber type composition 323:351 muscle fiber type composition 323:351 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 2 29 theme lower 553:557 arg1 glycogen 568:575 lower residual glycogen 553:575 lower residual glycogen 553:575 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 2 30 theme higher 439:444 arg1 levels 460:465 higher blood glucose levels 439:465 higher blood glucose levels 439:465 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 3 31 theme excessive 800:808 arg1 loss 810:813 excessive loss 800:813 excessive loss 800:813 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 1 32 theme blood 237:241 arg1 lactate 243:249 blood lactate 237:249 blood lactate 237:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 3 33 theme glucose 675:681 arg1 levels 683:688 higher blood glucose levels 662:688 higher blood glucose levels 662:688 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 0 34 theme glucose 21:27 arg1 Association 0:10 Association 0:10 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality 0:134 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 0 35 theme type 101:104 arg1 composition 106:116 muscle fiber type composition 88:116 muscle fiber type composition 88:116 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 0 36 theme blood 15:19 arg1 glucose 21:27 blood glucose 15:27 blood glucose 15:27 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 3 37 theme higher 662:667 arg1 levels 683:688 higher blood glucose levels 662:688 higher blood glucose levels 662:688 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 0 38 theme fiber 95:99 arg1 composition 106:116 muscle fiber type composition 88:116 muscle fiber type composition 88:116 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 1 39 theme type 336:339 arg1 composition 341:351 muscle fiber type composition 323:351 muscle fiber type composition 323:351 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 3 40 theme fluid 818:822 arg1 loss 810:813 excessive loss 800:813 excessive loss 800:813 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 3 40 theme fluid 818:822 arg1 pH 779:780 lower muscle pH 766:780 lower muscle pH 766:780 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 3 40 theme fluid 818:822 arg1 color 789:793 paler color 783:793 paler color 783:793 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 1 41 theme study 166:170 arg1 objective 148:156 The objective 144:156 The objective of this study 144:170 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 0 42 theme blood 30:34 arg1 lactate 36:42 blood lactate 30:42 blood lactate 30:42 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 1 43 theme serum 252:256 arg1 levels 267:272 serum cortisol levels 252:272 serum cortisol levels 252:272 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 2 44 theme blood 481:485 arg1 lactate 487:493 blood lactate 481:493 blood lactate 481:493 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 4 45 theme blood 871:875 arg1 levels 885:890 blood glucose levels 871:890 blood glucose levels 871:890 These results imply that measuring blood glucose levels at exsanguination can be useful to indicate early glycolytic rates during postmortem and thus may be of value in the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits. 24576772 4 46 from value 996:1000 arg1 identification 1009:1022 the identification 1005:1022 the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits 1005:1062 These results imply that measuring blood glucose levels at exsanguination can be useful to indicate early glycolytic rates during postmortem and thus may be of value in the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits. 24576772 2 47 theme glucose 413:419 arg1 levels 421:426 lower blood glucose levels 401:426 lower blood glucose levels 401:426 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 1 48 theme cortisol 258:265 arg1 levels 267:272 serum cortisol levels 252:272 serum cortisol levels 252:272 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 0 49 theme composition 106:116 arg1 Association 0:10 Association 0:10 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality 0:134 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 4 50 theme glucose 877:883 arg1 levels 885:890 blood glucose levels 871:890 blood glucose levels 871:890 These results imply that measuring blood glucose levels at exsanguination can be useful to indicate early glycolytic rates during postmortem and thus may be of value in the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits. 24576772 2 51 theme higher 474:479 arg1 levels 514:519 higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels 474:519 higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels 474:519 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 2 52 with pigs 391:394 arg1 levels 421:426 lower blood glucose levels 401:426 lower blood glucose levels 401:426 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 2 53 theme blood 407:411 arg1 levels 421:426 lower blood glucose levels 401:426 lower blood glucose levels 401:426 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 3 54 theme IIB 706:708 arg1 composition 732:742 higher type IIB and lower type I area composition 694:742 higher type IIB and lower type I area composition 694:742 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 0 55 theme pork 123:126 arg1 quality 128:134 pork quality 123:134 pork quality 123:134 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 4 56 with pork 1027:1030 arg1 traits 1057:1062 undesirable quality traits 1037:1062 undesirable quality traits 1037:1062 These results imply that measuring blood glucose levels at exsanguination can be useful to indicate early glycolytic rates during postmortem and thus may be of value in the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits. 24576772 0 57 theme lactate 36:42 arg1 Association 0:10 Association 0:10 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality 0:134 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 2 58 from glycogen 568:575 arg1 muscle 611:616 the muscle 607:616 the muscle 607:616 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 1 59 theme pork 358:361 arg1 traits 371:376 pork quality traits 358:376 pork quality traits 358:376 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 3 60 theme muscle 772:777 arg1 pH 779:780 lower muscle pH 766:780 lower muscle pH 766:780 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 1 61 theme postmortem 275:284 arg1 glycogen 293:300 postmortem muscle glycogen 275:300 postmortem muscle glycogen 275:300 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 2 62 theme cortisol 505:512 arg1 levels 514:519 higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels 474:519 higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels 474:519 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 1 63 theme quality 363:369 arg1 traits 371:376 pork quality traits 358:376 pork quality traits 358:376 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 2 64 theme 45min 621:625 arg1 postmortem 627:636 45min postmortem 621:636 45min postmortem 621:636 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 2 65 from content 596:602 arg1 muscle 611:616 the muscle 607:616 the muscle 607:616 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 3 66 theme type 720:723 arg1 area 727:730 lower type I area 714:730 lower type I area 714:730 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 0 67 theme quality 128:134 arg1 Association 0:10 Association 0:10 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality 0:134 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 1 68 with relationship 195:206 arg1 levels 267:272 serum cortisol levels 252:272 serum cortisol levels 252:272 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 1 68 with relationship 195:206 arg1 traits 371:376 pork quality traits 358:376 pork quality traits 358:376 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 1 68 with relationship 195:206 arg1 lactate 243:249 blood lactate 237:249 blood lactate 237:249 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 1 68 with relationship 195:206 arg1 content 314:320 postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content 275:320 postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content 275:320 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 1 68 with relationship 195:206 arg1 composition 341:351 muscle fiber type composition 323:351 muscle fiber type composition 323:351 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 2 69 theme lower 401:405 arg1 levels 421:426 lower blood glucose levels 401:426 lower blood glucose levels 401:426 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 3 70 theme I 725:725 arg1 area 727:730 lower type I area 714:730 lower type I area 714:730 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 0 71 theme cortisol 51:58 arg1 levels 60:65 serum cortisol levels 45:65 serum cortisol levels 45:65 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 4 72 theme quality 1049:1055 arg1 traits 1057:1062 undesirable quality traits 1037:1062 undesirable quality traits 1037:1062 These results imply that measuring blood glucose levels at exsanguination can be useful to indicate early glycolytic rates during postmortem and thus may be of value in the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits. 24576772 3 73 theme lower 766:770 arg1 pH 779:780 lower muscle pH 766:780 lower muscle pH 766:780 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24576772 0 74 theme serum 45:49 arg1 levels 60:65 serum cortisol levels 45:65 serum cortisol levels 45:65 Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 1 75 theme muscle 286:291 arg1 glycogen 293:300 postmortem muscle glycogen 275:300 postmortem muscle glycogen 275:300 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. 24576772 4 76 theme early 936:940 arg1 rates 953:957 early glycolytic rates 936:957 early glycolytic rates 936:957 These results imply that measuring blood glucose levels at exsanguination can be useful to indicate early glycolytic rates during postmortem and thus may be of value in the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits. 24576772 2 77 contain had 549:551 arg2 glycogen 568:575 lower residual glycogen 553:575 lower residual glycogen 553:575 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 2 77 contain had 549:551 arg1 they 544:547 they 544:547 they 544:547 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 2 77 contain had 549:551 arg2 content 596:602 higher lactate content 581:602 higher lactate content 581:602 Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. 24576772 3 78 theme lower 714:718 arg1 area 727:730 lower type I area 714:730 lower type I area 714:730 In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. 24769064 1 0 theme controlled 301:310 arg1 release 317:323 controlled drug release 301:323 controlled drug release 301:323 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 1 1 with gels 160:163 arg1 copolymers 248:257 various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers 207:257 various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers 207:257 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 6 2 theme diffusion-ordered 977:993 arg1 DOSY 1013:1016 DOSY 1013:1016 DOSY 1013:1016 Formation of poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes was confirmed by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and X-ray diffractometry. 24769064 6 2 theme diffusion-ordered 977:993 arg1 spectroscopy 999:1010 diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy 977:1010 diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) 977:1017 Formation of poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes was confirmed by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and X-ray diffractometry. 24769064 4 3 theme % 664:664 arg1 poly-αCD 649:656 poly-αCD 649:656 poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) 649:669 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 4 3 theme % 664:664 arg1 w/v 666:668 20-40% w/v 659:668 20-40% w/v 659:668 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 6 4 theme poly-αCD/PEO-based 905:922 arg1 complexes 950:958 poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes 905:958 poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes 905:958 Formation of poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes was confirmed by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and X-ray diffractometry. 24769064 1 5 theme drug 312:315 arg1 release 317:323 controlled drug release 301:323 controlled drug release 301:323 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 5 6 from content 797:803 arg1 phase 813:817 each phase 808:817 each phase 808:817 Phase separation was observed and the αCD content in each phase was determined by means of the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. 24769064 7 7 theme supramolecular 1049:1062 arg1 assemblies 1064:1073 The supramolecular assemblies 1045:1073 The supramolecular assemblies 1045:1073 The supramolecular assemblies showed good cytocompatibility against SAOS-2 cells and in the HET-CAM test. 24769064 9 8 theme new 1344:1346 arg1 possibilities 1348:1360 new possibilities 1344:1360 new possibilities 1344:1360 These results open new possibilities in the design of novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections. 24769064 6 9 theme X-ray 1023:1027 arg1 diffractometry 1029:1042 X-ray diffractometry 1023:1042 X-ray diffractometry 1023:1042 Formation of poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes was confirmed by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and X-ray diffractometry. 24769064 5 10 theme phenol-sulfuric 850:864 arg1 method 884:889 the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method 846:889 the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method 846:889 Phase separation was observed and the αCD content in each phase was determined by means of the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. 24769064 1 11 theme -based 241:246 arg1 copolymers 248:257 various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers 207:257 various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers 207:257 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 5 12 theme acid 866:869 arg1 method 884:889 the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method 846:889 the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method 846:889 Phase separation was observed and the αCD content in each phase was determined by means of the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. 24769064 4 13 dep PEG 703:705 arg1 i.e. 697:700 i.e. 697:700 i.e. 697:700 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 9 14 theme bone 1434:1437 arg1 infections 1439:1448 bone infections 1434:1448 bone infections 1434:1448 These results open new possibilities in the design of novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections. 24769064 7 15 theme HET-CAM 1137:1143 arg1 test 1145:1148 the HET-CAM test 1133:1148 the HET-CAM test 1133:1148 The supramolecular assemblies showed good cytocompatibility against SAOS-2 cells and in the HET-CAM test. 24769064 3 16 theme chemical 448:455 arg1 composition 457:467 The chemical composition 444:467 The chemical composition of the polymers 444:483 The chemical composition of the polymers was characterized by NMR (αCD content>53%) and the molecular weight was evaluated using static light scattering (SLS). 24769064 5 17 theme colorimetric 871:882 arg1 method 884:889 the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method 846:889 the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method 846:889 Phase separation was observed and the αCD content in each phase was determined by means of the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. 24769064 1 18 theme α-cyclodextrin-polymer 168:189 arg1 gels 160:163 syringeable supramolecular gels 133:163 syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers 133:257 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 9 19 theme controlled 1385:1394 arg1 systems 1405:1411 novel controlled delivery systems 1379:1411 novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections 1379:1448 These results open new possibilities in the design of novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections. 24769064 9 20 theme infections 1439:1448 arg1 treatment 1421:1429 the treatment 1417:1429 the treatment of bone infections 1417:1448 These results open new possibilities in the design of novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections. 24769064 3 21 theme αCD 511:513 arg1 % 525:525 αCD content>53% 511:525 αCD content>53% 511:525 The chemical composition of the polymers was characterized by NMR (αCD content>53%) and the molecular weight was evaluated using static light scattering (SLS). 24769064 3 21 theme αCD 511:513 arg1 NMR 506:508 NMR 506:508 NMR (αCD content>53%) 506:526 The chemical composition of the polymers was characterized by NMR (αCD content>53%) and the molecular weight was evaluated using static light scattering (SLS). 24769064 2 22 theme alkaline 427:434 arg1 medium 436:441 alkaline medium 427:441 alkaline medium 427:441 A series of water-soluble poly-αCDs was synthesized from αCD by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium. 24769064 8 23 theme polymer 1294:1300 arg1 component 1302:1310 each polymer component 1289:1310 each polymer component 1289:1310 The supramolecular gels were able to sustain the release of vancomycin for at least 5 days at 37 °C, more efficiently than dispersions of each polymer component in separate. 24769064 2 24 theme poly-αCDs 352:360 arg1 series 328:333 A series 326:333 A series of water-soluble poly-αCDs 326:360 A series of water-soluble poly-αCDs was synthesized from αCD by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium. 24769064 0 25 theme Supramolecular 0:13 arg1 gels 15:18 Supramolecular gels 0:18 Supramolecular gels of poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers for controlled drug release. 0:95 Supramolecular gels of poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers for controlled drug release. 24769064 3 26 theme molecular 536:544 arg1 weight 546:551 the molecular weight 532:551 the molecular weight 532:551 The chemical composition of the polymers was characterized by NMR (αCD content>53%) and the molecular weight was evaluated using static light scattering (SLS). 24769064 2 27 theme water-soluble 338:350 arg1 poly-αCDs 352:360 water-soluble poly-αCDs 338:360 water-soluble poly-αCDs 338:360 A series of water-soluble poly-αCDs was synthesized from αCD by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium. 24769064 0 28 theme poly-α-cyclodextrin 23:41 arg1 copolymers 57:66 poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers 23:66 poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers 23:66 Supramolecular gels of poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers for controlled drug release. 24769064 6 29 theme NMR 995:997 arg1 DOSY 1013:1016 DOSY 1013:1016 DOSY 1013:1016 Formation of poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes was confirmed by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and X-ray diffractometry. 24769064 6 29 theme NMR 995:997 arg1 spectroscopy 999:1010 diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy 977:1010 diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) 977:1017 Formation of poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes was confirmed by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and X-ray diffractometry. 24769064 4 30 theme PEO-based 678:686 arg1 w/v 749:751 10-15% w/v 742:751 10-15% w/v 742:751 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 4 30 theme PEO-based 678:686 arg1 polymer 688:694 a PEO-based polymer 676:694 a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v) 676:752 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 8 31 theme component 1302:1310 arg1 dispersions 1274:1284 dispersions 1274:1284 dispersions of each polymer component in separate 1274:1322 The supramolecular gels were able to sustain the release of vancomycin for at least 5 days at 37 °C, more efficiently than dispersions of each polymer component in separate. 24769064 1 32 theme various 207:213 arg1 copolymers 248:257 various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers 207:257 various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers 207:257 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 0 33 theme PEO-based 47:55 arg1 copolymers 57:66 poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers 23:66 poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers 23:66 Supramolecular gels of poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers for controlled drug release. 24769064 9 34 theme systems 1405:1411 arg1 design 1369:1374 the design 1365:1374 the design of novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections 1365:1448 These results open new possibilities in the design of novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections. 24769064 9 35 theme novel 1379:1383 arg1 systems 1405:1411 novel controlled delivery systems 1379:1411 novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections 1379:1448 These results open new possibilities in the design of novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections. 24769064 4 36 theme Supramolecular 604:617 arg1 assemblies 619:628 Supramolecular assemblies 604:628 Supramolecular assemblies 604:628 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 7 37 theme SAOS-2 1113:1118 arg1 cells 1120:1124 SAOS-2 cells 1113:1124 SAOS-2 cells 1113:1124 The supramolecular assemblies showed good cytocompatibility against SAOS-2 cells and in the HET-CAM test. 24769064 8 38 theme supramolecular 1155:1168 arg1 gels 1170:1173 The supramolecular gels 1151:1173 The supramolecular gels 1151:1173 The supramolecular gels were able to sustain the release of vancomycin for at least 5 days at 37 °C, more efficiently than dispersions of each polymer component in separate. 24769064 8 38 theme supramolecular 1155:1168 arg1 able 1180:1183 able 1180:1183 able 1180:1183 The supramolecular gels were able to sustain the release of vancomycin for at least 5 days at 37 °C, more efficiently than dispersions of each polymer component in separate. 24769064 5 39 theme Phase 755:759 arg1 separation 761:770 Phase separation 755:770 Phase separation 755:770 Phase separation was observed and the αCD content in each phase was determined by means of the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. 24769064 7 40 theme good 1082:1085 arg1 cytocompatibility 1087:1103 good cytocompatibility 1082:1103 good cytocompatibility 1082:1103 The supramolecular assemblies showed good cytocompatibility against SAOS-2 cells and in the HET-CAM test. 24769064 4 41 theme % 747:747 arg1 w/v 749:751 10-15% w/v 742:751 10-15% w/v 742:751 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 4 41 theme % 747:747 arg1 polymer 688:694 a PEO-based polymer 676:694 a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v) 676:752 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 1 42 theme work 113:116 arg1 aim 101:103 The aim 97:103 The aim of this work 97:116 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 0 43 theme copolymers 57:66 arg1 gels 15:18 Supramolecular gels 0:18 Supramolecular gels of poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers for controlled drug release. 0:95 Supramolecular gels of poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers for controlled drug release. 24769064 1 44 dep -based 241:246 arg1 oxide 229:233 ethylene oxide 220:233 ethylene oxide 220:233 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 9 45 theme delivery 1396:1403 arg1 systems 1405:1411 novel controlled delivery systems 1379:1411 novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections 1379:1448 These results open new possibilities in the design of novel controlled delivery systems for the treatment of bone infections. 24769064 3 46 theme polymers 476:483 arg1 composition 457:467 The chemical composition 444:467 The chemical composition of the polymers 444:483 The chemical composition of the polymers was characterized by NMR (αCD content>53%) and the molecular weight was evaluated using static light scattering (SLS). 24769064 4 47 dep polymer 688:694 arg1 Tetronic® 726:734 Tetronic® 726:734 Tetronic® 726:734 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 4 47 dep polymer 688:694 arg1 PEG 703:705 PEG 703:705 PEG 703:705 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 4 47 dep polymer 688:694 arg1 Pluronic® 708:716 Pluronic® 708:716 Pluronic® 708:716 Supramolecular assemblies occurred by mixing poly-αCD (20-40% w/v) with a PEO-based polymer (i.e., PEG, Pluronic® F127 or Tetronic® 908) (10-15% w/v). 24769064 8 48 from dispersions 1274:1284 arg1 separate 1315:1322 separate 1315:1322 separate 1315:1322 The supramolecular gels were able to sustain the release of vancomycin for at least 5 days at 37 °C, more efficiently than dispersions of each polymer component in separate. 24769064 1 49 theme ethylene 220:227 arg1 oxide 229:233 ethylene oxide 220:233 ethylene oxide 220:233 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 5 50 theme αCD 793:795 arg1 content 797:803 the αCD content 789:803 the αCD content in each phase 789:817 Phase separation was observed and the αCD content in each phase was determined by means of the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. 24769064 6 51 theme complexes 950:958 arg1 Formation 892:900 Formation 892:900 Formation of poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes 892:958 Formation of poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes was confirmed by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and X-ray diffractometry. 24769064 0 52 theme drug 83:86 arg1 release 88:94 controlled drug release 72:94 controlled drug release 72:94 Supramolecular gels of poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers for controlled drug release. 24769064 3 53 theme static 573:578 arg1 SLS 598:600 SLS 598:600 SLS 598:600 The chemical composition of the polymers was characterized by NMR (αCD content>53%) and the molecular weight was evaluated using static light scattering (SLS). 24769064 3 53 theme static 573:578 arg1 scattering 586:595 static light scattering 573:595 static light scattering (SLS) 573:601 The chemical composition of the polymers was characterized by NMR (αCD content>53%) and the molecular weight was evaluated using static light scattering (SLS). 24769064 8 54 theme vancomycin 1211:1220 arg1 release 1200:1206 the release 1196:1206 the release of vancomycin 1196:1220 The supramolecular gels were able to sustain the release of vancomycin for at least 5 days at 37 °C, more efficiently than dispersions of each polymer component in separate. 24769064 1 55 theme syringeable 133:143 arg1 gels 160:163 syringeable supramolecular gels 133:163 syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers 133:257 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 6 56 theme 3D-supramolecular 932:948 arg1 complexes 950:958 poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes 905:958 poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes 905:958 Formation of poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes was confirmed by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and X-ray diffractometry. 24769064 0 57 theme controlled 72:81 arg1 release 88:94 controlled drug release 72:94 controlled drug release 72:94 Supramolecular gels of poly-α-cyclodextrin and PEO-based copolymers for controlled drug release. 24769064 2 58 from epichlorohydrin 408:422 arg1 medium 436:441 alkaline medium 427:441 alkaline medium 427:441 A series of water-soluble poly-αCDs was synthesized from αCD by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium. 24769064 3 59 theme light 580:584 arg1 SLS 598:600 SLS 598:600 SLS 598:600 The chemical composition of the polymers was characterized by NMR (αCD content>53%) and the molecular weight was evaluated using static light scattering (SLS). 24769064 3 59 theme light 580:584 arg1 scattering 586:595 static light scattering 573:595 static light scattering (SLS) 573:601 The chemical composition of the polymers was characterized by NMR (αCD content>53%) and the molecular weight was evaluated using static light scattering (SLS). 24769064 1 60 theme supramolecular 145:158 arg1 gels 160:163 syringeable supramolecular gels 133:163 syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers 133:257 The aim of this work was to prepare syringeable supramolecular gels of α-cyclodextrin-polymer (poly-αCD) with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers, which can be suitable to form depots for controlled drug release. 24769064 6 61 theme polymer 924:930 arg1 complexes 950:958 poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes 905:958 poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes 905:958 Formation of poly-αCD/PEO-based polymer 3D-supramolecular complexes was confirmed by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and X-ray diffractometry. 24907757 8 0 theme polarization 1247:1258 arg1 technique 1260:1268 polarization technique 1247:1268 polarization technique 1247:1268 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 3 1 theme three-step 486:495 arg1 mechanism 505:513 A three-step release mechanism 484:513 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution 484:586 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution was noticed. 24907757 3 2 theme saline 572:577 arg1 solution 579:586 a phosphate-buffered saline solution 551:586 a phosphate-buffered saline solution 551:586 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution was noticed. 24907757 1 3 theme serious 217:223 arg1 complications 225:237 the most serious complications 208:237 the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery 208:260 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 0 4 theme infections 143:152 arg1 prevention 110:119 prevention 110:119 prevention of implant-associated infections 110:152 Characterization and antibacterial performance of electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections. 24907757 5 5 theme late 716:719 arg1 stage 721:725 the late stage 712:725 the late stage 712:725 At the late stage, however, in vitro degradation/deattachment of chitosan was responsible for the controlled release. 24907757 0 6 theme implant-associated 124:141 arg1 infections 143:152 implant-associated infections 124:152 implant-associated infections 124:152 Characterization and antibacterial performance of electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections. 24907757 6 7 theme adverse 966:972 arg1 effect 974:979 no adverse effect 963:979 no adverse effect on the biocompatibility 963:1003 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 7 8 theme foils 1124:1128 arg1 risk 1107:1110 the infection risk 1093:1110 the infection risk of titanium foils 1093:1128 Antibacterial tests against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus also demonstrated that the infection risk of titanium foils was significantly reduced due to the antibiotic release. 24907757 4 9 theme drug 651:654 arg1 encapsulation 630:642 physical encapsulation 621:642 physical encapsulation of the drug in the hydrogel network 621:678 At the early stage, physical encapsulation of the drug in the hydrogel network controlled the release rate. 24907757 8 10 theme current 1298:1304 arg1 density 1306:1312 the corrosion current density 1284:1312 the corrosion current density 1284:1312 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 8 10 theme current 1298:1304 arg1 lower 1332:1336 lower 1332:1336 lower 1332:1336 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 6 11 theme coatings 871:878 arg1 evaluation 840:849 Cytotoxicity evaluation 827:849 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) 827:954 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 2 12 theme drug-eluting 321:332 arg1 coatings 334:341 drug-eluting coatings 321:341 drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin 321:400 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 1 13 theme orthopaedic 242:252 arg1 surgery 254:260 orthopaedic surgery 242:260 orthopaedic surgery 242:260 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 1 14 theme complications 225:237 arg1 complications 225:237 the most serious complications 208:237 the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery 208:260 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 1 14 theme complications 225:237 arg1 one 201:203 one 201:203 one 201:203 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 1 14 theme complications 225:237 arg1 cause 274:278 a major cause 266:278 a major cause of implant failure 266:297 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 8 15 theme titanium 1346:1353 arg1 foils 1355:1359 the titanium foils 1342:1359 the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings 1342:1386 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 7 16 theme titanium 1115:1122 arg1 foils 1124:1128 titanium foils 1115:1128 titanium foils 1115:1128 Antibacterial tests against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus also demonstrated that the infection risk of titanium foils was significantly reduced due to the antibiotic release. 24907757 8 17 dep in 1201:1202 arg1 vitro 1204:1208 vitro 1204:1208 vitro 1204:1208 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 3 18 from films 542:546 arg1 mechanism 505:513 A three-step release mechanism 484:513 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution 484:586 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution was noticed. 24907757 3 18 from films 542:546 arg1 solution 579:586 a phosphate-buffered saline solution 551:586 a phosphate-buffered saline solution 551:586 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution was noticed. 24907757 4 19 theme early 608:612 arg1 stage 614:618 the early stage 604:618 the early stage 604:618 At the early stage, physical encapsulation of the drug in the hydrogel network controlled the release rate. 24907757 4 20 from encapsulation 630:642 arg1 network 672:678 the hydrogel network 659:678 the hydrogel network 659:678 At the early stage, physical encapsulation of the drug in the hydrogel network controlled the release rate. 24907757 4 21 theme physical 621:628 arg1 encapsulation 630:642 physical encapsulation 621:642 physical encapsulation of the drug in the hydrogel network 621:678 At the early stage, physical encapsulation of the drug in the hydrogel network controlled the release rate. 24907757 6 22 from culturing 884:892 arg1 cells 916:920 human osteosarcoma cells 897:920 human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) 897:954 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 6 22 from culturing 884:892 arg1 line 950:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 2 23 theme various 372:378 arg1 vancomycin 391:400 vancomycin 391:400 vancomycin 391:400 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 2 23 theme various 372:378 arg1 amounts 380:386 various amounts 372:386 various amounts of vancomycin 372:400 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 2 24 theme deposition 446:455 arg1 process 457:463 a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process 419:463 a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils 419:481 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 6 25 theme human 897:901 arg1 cells 916:920 human osteosarcoma cells 897:920 human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) 897:954 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 6 25 theme human 897:901 arg1 line 950:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 2 26 theme electrophoretic 430:444 arg1 process 457:463 a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process 419:463 a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils 419:481 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 8 27 theme corrosion 1288:1296 arg1 density 1306:1312 the corrosion current density 1284:1312 the corrosion current density 1284:1312 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 8 27 theme corrosion 1288:1296 arg1 lower 1332:1336 lower 1332:1336 lower 1332:1336 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 7 28 theme antibiotic 1167:1176 arg1 release 1178:1184 the antibiotic release 1163:1184 the antibiotic release 1163:1184 Antibacterial tests against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus also demonstrated that the infection risk of titanium foils was significantly reduced due to the antibiotic release. 24907757 7 29 theme Antibacterial 1006:1018 arg1 tests 1020:1024 Antibacterial tests 1006:1024 Antibacterial tests against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus 1006:1068 Antibacterial tests against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus also demonstrated that the infection risk of titanium foils was significantly reduced due to the antibiotic release. 24907757 4 30 theme release 695:701 arg1 rate 703:706 the release rate 691:706 the release rate 691:706 At the early stage, physical encapsulation of the drug in the hydrogel network controlled the release rate. 24907757 0 31 theme antibacterial 21:33 arg1 performance 35:45 antibacterial performance 21:45 antibacterial performance 21:45 Characterization and antibacterial performance of electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections. 24907757 1 32 theme Orthopaedic 155:165 arg1 infections 186:195 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections 155:195 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections 155:195 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 0 33 theme electrodeposited 50:65 arg1 coatings 97:104 electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings 50:104 electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections 50:152 Characterization and antibacterial performance of electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections. 24907757 3 34 theme phosphate-buffered 553:570 arg1 solution 579:586 a phosphate-buffered saline solution 551:586 a phosphate-buffered saline solution 551:586 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution was noticed. 24907757 8 35 theme in 1201:1202 arg1 studies 1236:1242 in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies 1201:1242 in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique 1201:1268 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 6 36 theme cell 945:948 arg1 cells 916:920 human osteosarcoma cells 897:920 human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) 897:954 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 6 36 theme cell 945:948 arg1 line 950:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 3 37 theme release 497:503 arg1 mechanism 505:513 A three-step release mechanism 484:513 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution 484:586 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution was noticed. 24907757 1 38 theme major 268:272 arg1 cause 274:278 a major cause 266:278 a major cause of implant failure 266:297 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 8 39 theme drug-eluting 1366:1377 arg1 coatings 1379:1386 drug-eluting coatings 1366:1386 drug-eluting coatings 1366:1386 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 3 40 theme antibiotic 522:531 arg1 mechanism 505:513 A three-step release mechanism 484:513 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution 484:586 A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution was noticed. 24907757 5 41 theme chitosan 774:781 arg1 degradation/deattachment 746:769 in vitro degradation/deattachment 737:769 in vitro degradation/deattachment of chitosan 737:781 At the late stage, however, in vitro degradation/deattachment of chitosan was responsible for the controlled release. 24907757 6 42 theme osteoblast-like 929:943 arg1 cells 916:920 human osteosarcoma cells 897:920 human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) 897:954 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 6 42 theme osteoblast-like 929:943 arg1 line 950:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 6 43 theme Cytotoxicity 827:838 arg1 evaluation 840:849 Cytotoxicity evaluation 827:849 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) 827:954 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 1 44 theme cause 274:278 arg1 complications 225:237 the most serious complications 208:237 the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery 208:260 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 1 44 theme cause 274:278 arg1 one 201:203 one 201:203 one 201:203 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 1 44 theme cause 274:278 arg1 cause 274:278 a major cause 266:278 a major cause of implant failure 266:297 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 0 45 theme composite 87:95 arg1 coatings 97:104 electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings 50:104 electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections 50:152 Characterization and antibacterial performance of electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections. 24907757 5 46 from stage 721:725 arg1 responsible 787:797 responsible 787:797 responsible 787:797 At the late stage, however, in vitro degradation/deattachment of chitosan was responsible for the controlled release. 24907757 8 47 theme electrochemical 1210:1224 arg1 studies 1236:1242 in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies 1201:1242 in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique 1201:1268 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 6 48 theme MG-63 923:927 arg1 cells 916:920 human osteosarcoma cells 897:920 human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) 897:954 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 6 48 theme MG-63 923:927 arg1 line 950:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 1 49 from cause 274:278 arg1 surgery 254:260 orthopaedic surgery 242:260 orthopaedic surgery 242:260 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 1 50 theme implant-associated 167:184 arg1 infections 186:195 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections 155:195 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections 155:195 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 0 51 theme chitosan-vancomycin 67:85 arg1 coatings 97:104 electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings 50:104 electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections 50:152 Characterization and antibacterial performance of electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections. 24907757 2 52 contain containing 361:370 arg1 chitosan 352:359 chitosan 352:359 chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin 352:400 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 2 52 contain containing 361:370 arg2 vancomycin 391:400 vancomycin 391:400 vancomycin 391:400 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 2 52 contain containing 361:370 arg2 amounts 380:386 various amounts 372:386 various amounts of vancomycin 372:400 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 2 53 theme vancomycin 391:400 arg1 vancomycin 391:400 vancomycin 391:400 vancomycin 391:400 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 2 53 theme vancomycin 391:400 arg1 amounts 380:386 various amounts 372:386 various amounts of vancomycin 372:400 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 6 54 from effect 974:979 arg1 biocompatibility 988:1003 the biocompatibility 984:1003 the biocompatibility 984:1003 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 8 55 theme uncoated 1408:1415 arg1 titanium 1417:1424 uncoated titanium 1408:1424 uncoated titanium 1408:1424 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 6 56 theme drug-eluting 858:869 arg1 coatings 871:878 the drug-eluting coatings 854:878 the drug-eluting coatings 854:878 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 2 57 from process 457:463 arg1 foils 477:481 titanium foils 468:481 titanium foils 468:481 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 4 58 theme hydrogel 663:670 arg1 network 672:678 the hydrogel network 659:678 the hydrogel network 659:678 At the early stage, physical encapsulation of the drug in the hydrogel network controlled the release rate. 24907757 5 59 theme in 737:738 arg1 degradation/deattachment 746:769 in vitro degradation/deattachment 737:769 in vitro degradation/deattachment of chitosan 737:781 At the late stage, however, in vitro degradation/deattachment of chitosan was responsible for the controlled release. 24907757 6 60 theme osteosarcoma 903:914 arg1 cells 916:920 human osteosarcoma cells 897:920 human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) 897:954 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 6 60 theme osteosarcoma 903:914 arg1 line 950:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line 923:953 Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. 24907757 2 61 theme present 307:313 arg1 work 315:318 the present work 303:318 the present work 303:318 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 8 62 with foils 1355:1359 arg1 coatings 1379:1386 drug-eluting coatings 1366:1386 drug-eluting coatings 1366:1386 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 1 63 theme implant 283:289 arg1 failure 291:297 implant failure 283:297 implant failure 283:297 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 5 64 theme controlled 807:816 arg1 release 818:824 the controlled release 803:824 the controlled release 803:824 At the late stage, however, in vitro degradation/deattachment of chitosan was responsible for the controlled release. 24907757 2 65 theme titanium 468:475 arg1 foils 477:481 titanium foils 468:481 titanium foils 468:481 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 7 66 theme infection 1097:1105 arg1 risk 1107:1110 the infection risk 1093:1110 the infection risk of titanium foils 1093:1128 Antibacterial tests against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus also demonstrated that the infection risk of titanium foils was significantly reduced due to the antibiotic release. 24907757 2 67 theme cathodic 421:428 arg1 process 457:463 a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process 419:463 a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils 419:481 In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. 24907757 1 68 theme failure 291:297 arg1 complications 225:237 the most serious complications 208:237 the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery 208:260 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 1 68 theme failure 291:297 arg1 cause 274:278 a major cause 266:278 a major cause of implant failure 266:297 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 0 69 theme coatings 97:104 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antibacterial performance of electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections. 24907757 0 69 theme coatings 97:104 arg1 performance 35:45 antibacterial performance 21:45 antibacterial performance 21:45 Characterization and antibacterial performance of electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections. 24907757 1 70 from complications 225:237 arg1 surgery 254:260 orthopaedic surgery 242:260 orthopaedic surgery 242:260 Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. 24907757 8 71 theme corrosion 1226:1234 arg1 studies 1236:1242 in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies 1201:1242 in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique 1201:1268 Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium. 24907757 5 72 dep in 737:738 arg1 vitro 740:744 vitro 740:744 vitro 740:744 At the late stage, however, in vitro degradation/deattachment of chitosan was responsible for the controlled release. 26772905 4 0 theme urine 544:548 arg1 collection 550:559 urine collection 544:559 urine collection 544:559 Each gel was radiolabeled with a small molecule ((99m)Tc-DTPA) followed by 12-h blood and urine collection. 26772905 5 1 theme Tc-DTPA 602:608 arg1 parameters 583:592 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters 562:592 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA 562:608 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA were calculated to compare the impact of each gel on vaginal permeability. 26772905 8 2 theme N-9 881:883 arg1 radiolabel 885:894 the N-9 radiolabel 877:894 the N-9 radiolabel 877:894 RESULTS Vaginal permeability of (99m)Tc-DTPA was highest for the N-9 radiolabel. 26772905 11 3 theme gel 1341:1343 arg1 dosing 1345:1350 N-9 gel dosing 1337:1350 N-9 gel dosing 1337:1350 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 14 4 dep task 1902:1905 arg1 possible 1963:1970 possible 1963:1970 possible 1963:1970 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 14 4 dep task 1902:1905 arg1 determined 1941:1950 determined 1941:1950 to be determined 1935:1950 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 13 5 theme permeability 1689:1700 arg1 differences 1702:1712 permeability differences 1689:1712 permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results 1689:1793 CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to measure differences in vaginal permeability among vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule, though there are permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results. 26772905 2 6 theme Controlled 290:299 arg1 study 328:332 Controlled, open-labeled, prospective study 290:332 study 328:332 STUDY DESIGN Controlled, open-labeled, prospective study. 26772905 1 7 theme vaginal 189:195 arg1 permeability 197:208 vaginal permeability 189:208 vaginal permeability to small molecules 189:227 OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules as a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity. 26772905 11 8 theme gamma 1219:1223 arg1 activity 1225:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 14 9 theme pharmaceutical 1860:1873 arg1 ingredient 1875:1884 active pharmaceutical ingredient 1853:1884 active pharmaceutical ingredient 1853:1884 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 11 10 theme × 1362:1362 arg1 μCi 1370:1372 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) 1356:1386 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing 1356:1411 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 11 11 theme timed 1207:1211 arg1 activity 1225:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 2 12 theme prospective 316:326 arg1 study 328:332 Controlled, open-labeled, prospective study 290:332 study 328:332 STUDY DESIGN Controlled, open-labeled, prospective study. 26772905 7 13 theme hoc 751:753 arg1 test 764:767 post hoc Wilcoxon test 746:767 post hoc Wilcoxon test 746:767 The Friedman test with post hoc Wilcoxon test was used to detect differences among the gels. 26772905 11 14 theme × 1244:1244 arg1 μCi 1252:1254 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) 1238:1269 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing 1238:1411 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 2 15 dep study 328:332 arg1 DESIGN 283:288 STUDY DESIGN 277:288 STUDY DESIGN 277:288 STUDY DESIGN Controlled, open-labeled, prospective study. 26772905 7 16 used used 773:776 arg2 test 736:739 The Friedman test 723:739 The Friedman test with post hoc Wilcoxon test 723:767 The Friedman test with post hoc Wilcoxon test was used to detect differences among the gels. 26772905 2 17 theme STUDY 277:281 arg1 DESIGN 283:288 STUDY DESIGN 277:288 STUDY DESIGN 277:288 STUDY DESIGN Controlled, open-labeled, prospective study. 26772905 0 18 theme quantitative 61:72 arg1 measure 74:80 a quantitative measure 59:80 a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity 59:114 Feasibility of radiolabeled small molecule permeability as a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity. 26772905 3 19 theme gel 411:413 arg1 nonoxynol-9 422:432 nonoxynol-9 422:432 nonoxynol-9 (N-9) 422:438 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 3 19 theme gel 411:413 arg1 N-9 435:437 N-9 435:437 N-9 435:437 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 3 19 theme gel 411:413 arg1 HEC 416:418 HEC 416:418 HEC 416:418 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 3 19 theme gel 411:413 arg1 dose 381:384 a single vaginal dose 364:384 a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC) 364:419 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 3 19 theme gel 411:413 arg1 Jelly 447:451 K-Y Jelly 443:451 K-Y Jelly 443:451 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 3 20 theme healthy 341:347 arg1 women 349:353 Seven healthy women 335:353 Seven healthy women 335:353 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 4 21 theme small 487:491 arg1 Tc-DTPA 508:514 (99m)Tc-DTPA 503:514 (99m)Tc-DTPA 503:514 Each gel was radiolabeled with a small molecule ((99m)Tc-DTPA) followed by 12-h blood and urine collection. 26772905 4 21 theme small 487:491 arg1 molecule 493:500 a small molecule 485:500 a small molecule ((99m)Tc-DTPA) followed by 12-h blood and urine collection 485:559 Each gel was radiolabeled with a small molecule ((99m)Tc-DTPA) followed by 12-h blood and urine collection. 26772905 11 22 theme dose-adjusted 1159:1171 arg1 median 1173:1178 Cumulative dose-adjusted median 1148:1178 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 11 22 theme dose-adjusted 1159:1171 arg1 range 1195:1199 interquartile range 1181:1199 interquartile range 1181:1199 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 11 23 theme N-9 1337:1339 arg1 dosing 1345:1350 N-9 gel dosing 1337:1350 N-9 gel dosing 1337:1350 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 5 24 theme Pharmacokinetic 562:576 arg1 parameters 583:592 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters 562:592 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA 562:608 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA were calculated to compare the impact of each gel on vaginal permeability. 26772905 0 25 theme candidate 97:105 arg1 toxicity 107:114 microbicide candidate toxicity 85:114 microbicide candidate toxicity 85:114 Feasibility of radiolabeled small molecule permeability as a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity. 26772905 5 26 theme PK 579:580 arg1 parameters 583:592 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters 562:592 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA 562:608 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA were calculated to compare the impact of each gel on vaginal permeability. 26772905 3 27 theme single 366:371 arg1 HEC 416:418 HEC 416:418 HEC 416:418 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 3 27 theme single 366:371 arg1 dose 381:384 a single vaginal dose 364:384 a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC) 364:419 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 13 28 theme vaginal 1622:1628 arg1 gels 1630:1633 vaginal gels 1622:1633 vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule 1622:1669 CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to measure differences in vaginal permeability among vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule, though there are permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results. 26772905 14 29 theme ingredient 1875:1884 arg1 safety 1826:1831 the safety 1822:1831 the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient 1822:1884 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 11 30 theme HEC 1281:1283 arg1 μCi 1308:1310 HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) 1281:1325 μCi 1308:1310 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 8 31 theme Vaginal 824:830 arg1 permeability 832:843 RESULTS Vaginal permeability 816:843 RESULTS Vaginal permeability of (99m)Tc-DTPA 816:859 RESULTS Vaginal permeability of (99m)Tc-DTPA was highest for the N-9 radiolabel. 26772905 3 32 theme hydroxyethylcellulose 389:409 arg1 gel 411:413 hydroxyethylcellulose gel 389:413 hydroxyethylcellulose gel 389:413 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 14 33 theme active 1853:1858 arg1 ingredient 1875:1884 active pharmaceutical ingredient 1853:1884 active pharmaceutical ingredient 1853:1884 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 0 34 theme radiolabeled 15:26 arg1 permeability 43:54 radiolabeled small molecule permeability 15:54 radiolabeled small molecule permeability 15:54 Feasibility of radiolabeled small molecule permeability as a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity. 26772905 7 35 theme Friedman 727:734 arg1 test 736:739 The Friedman test 723:739 The Friedman test with post hoc Wilcoxon test 723:767 The Friedman test with post hoc Wilcoxon test was used to detect differences among the gels. 26772905 4 36 theme 12-h 529:532 arg1 blood 534:538 12-h blood 529:538 12-h blood 529:538 Each gel was radiolabeled with a small molecule ((99m)Tc-DTPA) followed by 12-h blood and urine collection. 26772905 14 37 theme vehicle 1841:1847 arg1 safety 1826:1831 the safety 1822:1831 the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient 1822:1884 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 11 38 theme × 1300:1300 arg1 μCi 1308:1310 HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) 1281:1325 μCi 1308:1310 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 0 39 theme molecule 34:41 arg1 permeability 43:54 radiolabeled small molecule permeability 15:54 radiolabeled small molecule permeability 15:54 Feasibility of radiolabeled small molecule permeability as a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity. 26772905 15 40 theme toxicity 2027:2034 arg1 assessments 2036:2046 microbicide toxicity assessments 2015:2046 microbicide toxicity assessments 2015:2046 This study suggests that a combination of microbicide toxicity assessments, that is, cervicovaginal permeability, inspection and histopathology, may need to be studied simultaneously. 26772905 8 41 theme Tc-DTPA 853:859 arg1 permeability 832:843 RESULTS Vaginal permeability 816:843 RESULTS Vaginal permeability of (99m)Tc-DTPA 816:859 RESULTS Vaginal permeability of (99m)Tc-DTPA was highest for the N-9 radiolabel. 26772905 10 42 theme parameter 1070:1078 arg1 differences 1080:1090 no significant PK parameter differences 1052:1090 no significant PK parameter differences between HEC and K-Y Jelly or between N-9 and K-Y Jelly 1052:1145 There were no significant PK parameter differences between HEC and K-Y Jelly or between N-9 and K-Y Jelly. 26772905 9 43 dep higher 1009:1014 arg1 p=.04 1017:1021 p=.04 1017:1021 p=.04 1017:1021 N-9 plasma area under the concentration curve was 2.7-fold higher (p=.04), and peak concentration was threefold higher (p=.04) compared to HEC. 26772905 13 44 theme composition 1758:1768 arg1 understanding 1737:1749 a nuanced understanding 1727:1749 a nuanced understanding of gel composition 1727:1768 CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to measure differences in vaginal permeability among vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule, though there are permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results. 26772905 10 45 theme significant 1055:1065 arg1 differences 1080:1090 no significant PK parameter differences 1052:1090 no significant PK parameter differences between HEC and K-Y Jelly or between N-9 and K-Y Jelly 1052:1145 There were no significant PK parameter differences between HEC and K-Y Jelly or between N-9 and K-Y Jelly. 26772905 14 46 from task 1902:1905 arg1 development 1922:1932 microbicide development 1910:1932 microbicide development 1910:1932 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 1 47 theme toxicity 267:274 arg1 measure 234:240 a measure 232:240 a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity 232:274 OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules as a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity. 26772905 1 47 theme toxicity 267:274 arg1 changes 178:184 quantitative changes 165:184 quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules 165:227 OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules as a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity. 26772905 14 48 theme microbicide 1910:1920 arg1 development 1922:1932 microbicide development 1910:1932 microbicide development 1910:1932 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 13 49 theme nuanced 1729:1735 arg1 understanding 1737:1749 a nuanced understanding 1727:1749 a nuanced understanding of gel composition 1727:1768 CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to measure differences in vaginal permeability among vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule, though there are permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results. 26772905 15 50 theme cervicovaginal 2058:2071 arg1 permeability 2073:2084 cervicovaginal permeability 2058:2084 cervicovaginal permeability 2058:2084 This study suggests that a combination of microbicide toxicity assessments, that is, cervicovaginal permeability, inspection and histopathology, may need to be studied simultaneously. 26772905 15 50 theme cervicovaginal 2058:2071 arg1 combination 2000:2010 a combination 1998:2010 a combination 1998:2010 This study suggests that a combination of microbicide toxicity assessments, that is, cervicovaginal permeability, inspection and histopathology, may need to be studied simultaneously. 26772905 13 51 theme radiolabeled 1643:1654 arg1 molecule 1662:1669 a radiolabeled small molecule 1641:1669 a radiolabeled small molecule 1641:1669 CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to measure differences in vaginal permeability among vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule, though there are permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results. 26772905 12 52 theme K-Y 1491:1493 arg1 Jelly 1495:1499 K-Y Jelly 1491:1499 K-Y Jelly (p=.016) 1491:1508 The differences between urine HEC and K-Y Jelly (p=.047) and between N-9 and K-Y Jelly (p=.016) were statistically significant. 26772905 12 52 theme K-Y 1491:1493 arg1 p=.016 1502:1507 p=.016 1502:1507 p=.016 1502:1507 The differences between urine HEC and K-Y Jelly (p=.047) and between N-9 and K-Y Jelly (p=.016) were statistically significant. 26772905 11 53 theme urine 1213:1217 arg1 activity 1225:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 7 54 with test 736:739 arg1 test 764:767 post hoc Wilcoxon test 746:767 post hoc Wilcoxon test 746:767 The Friedman test with post hoc Wilcoxon test was used to detect differences among the gels. 26772905 9 55 dep higher 956:961 arg1 p=.04 964:968 p=.04 964:968 p=.04 964:968 N-9 plasma area under the concentration curve was 2.7-fold higher (p=.04), and peak concentration was threefold higher (p=.04) compared to HEC. 26772905 11 56 theme 12-h 1202:1205 arg1 activity 1225:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 6 57 theme own 710:712 arg1 control 714:720 her own control 706:720 her own control 706:720 Each woman served as her own control. 26772905 1 58 theme small 213:217 arg1 molecules 219:227 small molecules 213:227 small molecules 213:227 OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules as a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity. 26772905 9 59 theme plasma 901:906 arg1 area 908:911 N-9 plasma area 897:911 N-9 plasma area under the concentration curve 897:941 N-9 plasma area under the concentration curve was 2.7-fold higher (p=.04), and peak concentration was threefold higher (p=.04) compared to HEC. 26772905 5 60 theme gel 656:658 arg1 impact 641:646 the impact 637:646 the impact of each gel on vaginal permeability 637:682 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA were calculated to compare the impact of each gel on vaginal permeability. 26772905 7 61 theme Wilcoxon 755:762 arg1 test 764:767 post hoc Wilcoxon test 746:767 post hoc Wilcoxon test 746:767 The Friedman test with post hoc Wilcoxon test was used to detect differences among the gels. 26772905 15 62 theme microbicide 2015:2025 arg1 assessments 2036:2046 microbicide toxicity assessments 2015:2046 microbicide toxicity assessments 2015:2046 This study suggests that a combination of microbicide toxicity assessments, that is, cervicovaginal permeability, inspection and histopathology, may need to be studied simultaneously. 26772905 5 63 theme vaginal 663:669 arg1 permeability 671:682 vaginal permeability 663:682 vaginal permeability 663:682 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA were calculated to compare the impact of each gel on vaginal permeability. 26772905 9 64 theme concentration 923:935 arg1 curve 937:941 the concentration curve 919:941 the concentration curve 919:941 N-9 plasma area under the concentration curve was 2.7-fold higher (p=.04), and peak concentration was threefold higher (p=.04) compared to HEC. 26772905 10 65 dep N-9 1129:1131 arg1 Jelly 1141:1145 Jelly 1141:1145 Jelly 1141:1145 There were no significant PK parameter differences between HEC and K-Y Jelly or between N-9 and K-Y Jelly. 26772905 9 66 theme N-9 897:899 arg1 area 908:911 N-9 plasma area 897:911 N-9 plasma area under the concentration curve 897:941 N-9 plasma area under the concentration curve was 2.7-fold higher (p=.04), and peak concentration was threefold higher (p=.04) compared to HEC. 26772905 2 67 dep Controlled 290:299 arg1 open-labeled 302:313 open-labeled 302:313 open-labeled 302:313 STUDY DESIGN Controlled, open-labeled, prospective study. 26772905 8 68 dep Tc-DTPA 853:859 arg1 99m 849:851 99m 849:851 99m 849:851 RESULTS Vaginal permeability of (99m)Tc-DTPA was highest for the N-9 radiolabel. 26772905 0 69 theme microbicide 85:95 arg1 toxicity 107:114 microbicide candidate toxicity 85:114 microbicide candidate toxicity 85:114 Feasibility of radiolabeled small molecule permeability as a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity. 26772905 4 70 dep Tc-DTPA 508:514 arg1 99m 504:506 99m 504:506 99m 504:506 Each gel was radiolabeled with a small molecule ((99m)Tc-DTPA) followed by 12-h blood and urine collection. 26772905 1 71 theme quantitative 165:176 arg1 measure 234:240 a measure 232:240 a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity 232:274 OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules as a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity. 26772905 1 71 theme quantitative 165:176 arg1 changes 178:184 quantitative changes 165:184 quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules 165:227 OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules as a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity. 26772905 12 72 theme K-Y 1452:1454 arg1 Jelly 1456:1460 K-Y Jelly 1452:1460 K-Y Jelly 1452:1460 The differences between urine HEC and K-Y Jelly (p=.047) and between N-9 and K-Y Jelly (p=.016) were statistically significant. 26772905 11 73 theme median 1173:1178 arg1 activity 1225:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 14 74 theme essential 1892:1900 arg1 task 1902:1905 an essential task 1889:1905 an essential task in microbicide development 1889:1932 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 14 74 theme essential 1892:1900 arg1 IMPLICATIONS 1796:1807 IMPLICATIONS 1796:1807 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient 1796:1884 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 13 75 theme small 1656:1660 arg1 molecule 1662:1669 a radiolabeled small molecule 1641:1669 a radiolabeled small molecule 1641:1669 CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to measure differences in vaginal permeability among vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule, though there are permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results. 26772905 0 76 theme toxicity 107:114 arg1 measure 74:80 a quantitative measure 59:80 a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity 59:114 Feasibility of radiolabeled small molecule permeability as a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity. 26772905 1 77 from changes 178:184 arg1 permeability 197:208 vaginal permeability 189:208 vaginal permeability to small molecules 189:227 OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules as a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity. 26772905 11 78 theme K-Y 1398:1400 arg1 dosing 1406:1411 K-Y gel dosing 1398:1411 K-Y gel dosing 1398:1411 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 11 79 theme Cumulative 1148:1157 arg1 median 1173:1178 Cumulative dose-adjusted median 1148:1178 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 11 79 theme Cumulative 1148:1157 arg1 range 1195:1199 interquartile range 1181:1199 interquartile range 1181:1199 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 11 80 theme dosing 1285:1290 arg1 μCi 1308:1310 HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) 1281:1325 μCi 1308:1310 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 3 81 theme vaginal 373:379 arg1 HEC 416:418 HEC 416:418 HEC 416:418 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 3 81 theme vaginal 373:379 arg1 dose 381:384 a single vaginal dose 364:384 a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC) 364:419 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 5 82 from impact 641:646 arg1 permeability 671:682 vaginal permeability 663:682 vaginal permeability 663:682 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA were calculated to compare the impact of each gel on vaginal permeability. 26772905 9 83 theme peak 976:979 arg1 concentration 981:993 peak concentration 976:993 peak concentration 976:993 N-9 plasma area under the concentration curve was 2.7-fold higher (p=.04), and peak concentration was threefold higher (p=.04) compared to HEC. 26772905 3 84 theme K-Y 443:445 arg1 Jelly 447:451 K-Y Jelly 443:451 K-Y Jelly 443:451 Seven healthy women received a single vaginal dose of hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC), nonoxynol-9 (N-9) or K-Y Jelly. 26772905 11 85 theme interquartile 1181:1193 arg1 median 1173:1178 Cumulative dose-adjusted median 1148:1178 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity 1148:1232 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 11 85 theme interquartile 1181:1193 arg1 range 1195:1199 interquartile range 1181:1199 interquartile range 1181:1199 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 0 86 theme small 28:32 arg1 permeability 43:54 radiolabeled small molecule permeability 15:54 radiolabeled small molecule permeability 15:54 Feasibility of radiolabeled small molecule permeability as a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity. 26772905 7 87 theme post 746:749 arg1 test 764:767 post hoc Wilcoxon test 746:767 post hoc Wilcoxon test 746:767 The Friedman test with post hoc Wilcoxon test was used to detect differences among the gels. 26772905 8 88 theme RESULTS 816:822 arg1 permeability 832:843 RESULTS Vaginal permeability 816:843 RESULTS Vaginal permeability of (99m)Tc-DTPA 816:859 RESULTS Vaginal permeability of (99m)Tc-DTPA was highest for the N-9 radiolabel. 26772905 5 89 dep Tc-DTPA 602:608 arg1 99m 598:600 99m 598:600 99m 598:600 Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA were calculated to compare the impact of each gel on vaginal permeability. 26772905 13 90 theme vaginal 1595:1601 arg1 permeability 1603:1614 vaginal permeability 1595:1614 vaginal permeability 1595:1614 CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to measure differences in vaginal permeability among vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule, though there are permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results. 26772905 0 91 theme permeability 43:54 arg1 Feasibility 0:10 Feasibility 0:10 Feasibility of radiolabeled small molecule permeability as a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity. 0:115 Feasibility of radiolabeled small molecule permeability as a quantitative measure of microbicide candidate toxicity. 26772905 1 92 theme candidate 245:253 arg1 toxicity 267:274 candidate microbicide toxicity 245:274 candidate microbicide toxicity 245:274 OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules as a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity. 26772905 15 93 theme assessments 2036:2046 arg1 permeability 2073:2084 cervicovaginal permeability 2058:2084 cervicovaginal permeability 2058:2084 This study suggests that a combination of microbicide toxicity assessments, that is, cervicovaginal permeability, inspection and histopathology, may need to be studied simultaneously. 26772905 15 93 theme assessments 2036:2046 arg1 combination 2000:2010 a combination 1998:2010 a combination 1998:2010 This study suggests that a combination of microbicide toxicity assessments, that is, cervicovaginal permeability, inspection and histopathology, may need to be studied simultaneously. 26772905 13 94 dep CONCLUSIONS 1542:1552 arg1 feasible 1560:1567 feasible 1560:1567 feasible 1560:1567 CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to measure differences in vaginal permeability among vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule, though there are permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results. 26772905 10 95 dep HEC 1100:1102 arg1 Jelly 1112:1116 Jelly 1112:1116 Jelly 1112:1116 There were no significant PK parameter differences between HEC and K-Y Jelly or between N-9 and K-Y Jelly. 26772905 13 96 from differences 1580:1590 arg1 permeability 1603:1614 vaginal permeability 1595:1614 vaginal permeability 1595:1614 CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to measure differences in vaginal permeability among vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule, though there are permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results. 26772905 14 97 dep soon 1955:1958 arg1 as 1960:1961 as 1960:1961 as 1960:1961 IMPLICATIONS Establishing the safety of both vehicle and active pharmaceutical ingredient is an essential task in microbicide development, to be determined as soon as possible. 26772905 11 98 theme gel 1402:1404 arg1 dosing 1406:1411 K-Y gel dosing 1398:1411 K-Y gel dosing 1398:1411 Cumulative dose-adjusted median (interquartile range) 12-h timed urine gamma activity was 66.70 × 10(-4)μCi (27.90-152.00) following HEC dosing, 103.00 × 10(-4)μCi (98.20-684.00) following N-9 gel dosing and 20.30 × 10(-4)μCi (11.10-55.90) following K-Y gel dosing. 26772905 13 99 theme gel 1754:1756 arg1 composition 1758:1768 gel composition 1754:1768 gel composition 1754:1768 CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to measure differences in vaginal permeability among vaginal gels using a radiolabeled small molecule, though there are permeability differences that require a nuanced understanding of gel composition to interpret the results. 26772905 10 100 theme PK 1067:1068 arg1 differences 1080:1090 no significant PK parameter differences 1052:1090 no significant PK parameter differences between HEC and K-Y Jelly or between N-9 and K-Y Jelly 1052:1145 There were no significant PK parameter differences between HEC and K-Y Jelly or between N-9 and K-Y Jelly. 26772905 12 101 dep urine 1438:1442 arg1 HEC 1444:1446 HEC 1444:1446 HEC 1444:1446 The differences between urine HEC and K-Y Jelly (p=.047) and between N-9 and K-Y Jelly (p=.016) were statistically significant. 26772905 1 102 theme microbicide 255:265 arg1 toxicity 267:274 candidate microbicide toxicity 245:274 candidate microbicide toxicity 245:274 OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using quantitative changes in vaginal permeability to small molecules as a measure of candidate microbicide toxicity. 24749806 5 0 theme type 1153:1156 arg1 deposition 1130:1139 more extensive deposition 1115:1139 more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 1115:1221 Immunocytochemistry showed more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds. 24749806 6 1 theme DPSCs 1343:1347 arg1 differentiation 1324:1338 chondrogenic differentiation 1311:1338 chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs 1311:1347 These findings suggest that nanotopography and HA provide important cues for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. 24749806 3 2 dep in 652:653 arg1 vitro 655:659 vitro 655:659 vitro 655:659 Using this microengineered platform, we first demonstrated that DPSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids, which provide an appropriate environment for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. 24749806 1 3 theme hyaluronic 167:176 arg1 HA 184:185 HA 184:185 HA 184:185 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 1 3 theme hyaluronic 167:176 arg1 acid 178:181 hyaluronic acid 167:181 hyaluronic acid (HA) 167:186 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 0 4 theme PEG-GelMA-HA 84:95 arg1 hydrogels 97:105 nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels 70:105 nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels 70:105 Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. 24749806 1 5 theme acid 178:181 arg1 effects 129:135 the effects 125:135 the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 125:247 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 4 6 theme polystyrene-cultured 1060:1079 arg1 DPSCs 1081:1085 tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs 1045:1085 tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs 1045:1085 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 7 theme type 908:911 arg1 X 913:913 Procollagen type X 896:913 Procollagen type X 896:913 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 7 theme type 908:911 arg1 markers 824:830 the chondrogenic gene markers 802:830 the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X) 802:914 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 8 theme culture 1052:1058 arg1 DPSCs 1081:1085 tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs 1045:1085 tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs 1045:1085 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 9 theme epithelial-mesenchymal 981:1002 arg1 genes 1004:1008 epithelial-mesenchymal genes 981:1008 epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) 981:1029 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 10 theme cell 959:962 arg1 gene 964:967 the pluripotent stem cell gene 938:967 the pluripotent stem cell gene 938:967 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 2 11 theme force 281:285 arg1 lithography 287:297 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography 250:297 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography 250:297 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 6 12 theme chondrogenic 1311:1322 arg1 differentiation 1324:1338 chondrogenic differentiation 1311:1338 chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs 1311:1347 These findings suggest that nanotopography and HA provide important cues for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. 24749806 2 13 theme PEG-GelMA-HA 376:387 arg1 hydrogels 389:397 composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels 366:397 composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA 366:498 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 2 14 theme well-defined 325:336 arg1 scaffolds 353:361 well-defined nanostructured scaffolds 325:361 well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA 325:498 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 5 15 theme extensive 1120:1128 arg1 deposition 1130:1139 more extensive deposition 1115:1139 more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 1115:1221 Immunocytochemistry showed more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds. 24749806 4 16 theme Procollagen 871:881 arg1 type 883:886 Procollagen type II 871:889 Procollagen type II 871:889 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 16 theme Procollagen 871:881 arg1 markers 824:830 the chondrogenic gene markers 802:830 the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X) 802:914 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 2 17 theme capillary 271:279 arg1 lithography 287:297 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography 250:297 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography 250:297 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 6 18 theme important 1282:1290 arg1 cues 1292:1295 important cues 1282:1295 important cues for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs 1282:1347 These findings suggest that nanotopography and HA provide important cues for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. 24749806 2 19 theme methacrylated 462:474 arg1 gelatin 476:482 methacrylated gelatin 462:482 methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) 462:490 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 2 19 theme methacrylated 462:474 arg1 GelMA 485:489 GelMA 485:489 GelMA 485:489 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 2 20 theme Ultraviolet-assisted 250:269 arg1 lithography 287:297 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography 250:297 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography 250:297 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 2 21 theme poly 415:418 arg1 PEGDMA 453:458 PEGDMA 453:458 PEGDMA 453:458 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 2 21 theme poly 415:418 arg1 dimethacrylate 437:450 poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate 415:450 poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) 415:459 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 0 22 theme chondrogenic 9:20 arg1 differentiation 22:36 chondrogenic differentiation 9:36 chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells 9:62 Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. 24749806 3 23 theme microengineered 512:526 arg1 platform 528:535 this microengineered platform 507:535 this microengineered platform 507:535 Using this microengineered platform, we first demonstrated that DPSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids, which provide an appropriate environment for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. 24749806 5 24 theme nanopatterned 1186:1198 arg1 scaffolds 1213:1221 the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 1182:1221 the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 1182:1221 Immunocytochemistry showed more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds. 24749806 4 25 theme PEG-GelMA-HA 742:753 arg1 scaffolds 755:763 nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 728:763 nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 728:763 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 26 dep markers 824:830 arg1 Sox9 833:836 Sox9 833:836 Sox9 833:836 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 26 dep markers 824:830 arg1 type 883:886 Procollagen type II 871:889 Procollagen type II 871:889 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 26 dep markers 824:830 arg1 X 913:913 Procollagen type X 896:913 Procollagen type X 896:913 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 26 dep markers 824:830 arg1 phosphatase 848:858 Alkaline phosphatase 839:858 Alkaline phosphatase 839:858 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 26 dep markers 824:830 arg1 Aggrecan 861:868 Aggrecan 861:868 Aggrecan 861:868 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 26 dep markers 824:830 arg1 markers 824:830 the chondrogenic gene markers 802:830 the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X) 802:914 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 5 27 theme PEG-GelMA-HA 1200:1211 arg1 scaffolds 1213:1221 the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 1182:1221 the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 1182:1221 Immunocytochemistry showed more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds. 24749806 1 28 from effects 129:135 arg1 chondrogenesis 200:213 in vitro chondrogenesis 191:213 in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 191:247 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 1 29 theme in 191:192 arg1 chondrogenesis 200:213 in vitro chondrogenesis 191:213 in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 191:247 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 5 30 from deposition 1130:1139 arg1 DPSCs 1164:1168 DPSCs 1164:1168 DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 1164:1221 Immunocytochemistry showed more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds. 24749806 4 31 theme gene 819:822 arg1 Sox9 833:836 Sox9 833:836 Sox9 833:836 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 31 theme gene 819:822 arg1 type 883:886 Procollagen type II 871:889 Procollagen type II 871:889 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 31 theme gene 819:822 arg1 X 913:913 Procollagen type X 896:913 Procollagen type X 896:913 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 31 theme gene 819:822 arg1 phosphatase 848:858 Alkaline phosphatase 839:858 Alkaline phosphatase 839:858 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 31 theme gene 819:822 arg1 Aggrecan 861:868 Aggrecan 861:868 Aggrecan 861:868 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 31 theme gene 819:822 arg1 markers 824:830 the chondrogenic gene markers 802:830 the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X) 802:914 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 2 32 theme composite 366:374 arg1 hydrogels 389:397 composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels 366:397 composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA 366:498 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 0 33 theme pulp 48:51 arg1 cells 58:62 dental pulp stem cells 41:62 dental pulp stem cells 41:62 Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. 24749806 4 34 theme stem 954:957 arg1 gene 964:967 the pluripotent stem cell gene 938:967 the pluripotent stem cell gene 938:967 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 3 35 theme chondrogenic 661:672 arg1 differentiation 674:688 in vitro chondrogenic differentiation 652:688 in vitro chondrogenic differentiation 652:688 Using this microengineered platform, we first demonstrated that DPSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids, which provide an appropriate environment for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. 24749806 0 36 theme dental 41:46 arg1 cells 58:62 dental pulp stem cells 41:62 dental pulp stem cells 41:62 Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. 24749806 4 37 theme pluripotent 942:952 arg1 gene 964:967 the pluripotent stem cell gene 938:967 the pluripotent stem cell gene 938:967 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 38 theme Alkaline 839:846 arg1 phosphatase 848:858 Alkaline phosphatase 839:858 Alkaline phosphatase 839:858 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 38 theme Alkaline 839:846 arg1 markers 824:830 the chondrogenic gene markers 802:830 the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X) 802:914 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 2 39 theme ethylene 420:427 arg1 poly 415:418 poly 415:418 poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) 415:459 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 2 39 theme ethylene 420:427 arg1 glycol 429:434 ethylene glycol 420:434 ethylene glycol 420:434 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 0 40 theme cells 58:62 arg1 differentiation 22:36 chondrogenic differentiation 9:36 chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells 9:62 Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. 24749806 4 41 dep genes 1004:1008 arg1 Slug 1025:1028 Slug 1025:1028 Slug 1025:1028 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 41 dep genes 1004:1008 arg1 Snail 1018:1022 Snail 1018:1022 Snail 1018:1022 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 41 dep genes 1004:1008 arg1 Twist 1011:1015 Twist 1011:1015 Twist 1011:1015 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 3 42 theme in 652:653 arg1 differentiation 674:688 in vitro chondrogenic differentiation 652:688 in vitro chondrogenic differentiation 652:688 Using this microengineered platform, we first demonstrated that DPSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids, which provide an appropriate environment for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. 24749806 3 43 theme three-dimensional 578:594 arg1 spheroids 596:604 three-dimensional spheroids 578:604 three-dimensional spheroids 578:604 Using this microengineered platform, we first demonstrated that DPSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids, which provide an appropriate environment for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. 24749806 4 44 theme nanopatterned 728:740 arg1 scaffolds 755:763 nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 728:763 nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds 728:763 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 0 45 theme stem 53:56 arg1 cells 58:62 dental pulp stem cells 41:62 dental pulp stem cells 41:62 Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. 24749806 3 46 theme appropriate 624:634 arg1 environment 636:646 an appropriate environment 621:646 an appropriate environment for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation 621:688 Using this microengineered platform, we first demonstrated that DPSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids, which provide an appropriate environment for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. 24749806 2 47 theme nanostructured 338:351 arg1 scaffolds 353:361 well-defined nanostructured scaffolds 325:361 well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA 325:498 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 1 48 theme dental 218:223 arg1 DPSCs 242:246 DPSCs 242:246 DPSCs 242:246 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 1 48 theme dental 218:223 arg1 cells 235:239 dental pulp stem cells 218:239 dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 218:247 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 4 49 theme chondrogenic 806:817 arg1 Sox9 833:836 Sox9 833:836 Sox9 833:836 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 49 theme chondrogenic 806:817 arg1 type 883:886 Procollagen type II 871:889 Procollagen type II 871:889 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 49 theme chondrogenic 806:817 arg1 X 913:913 Procollagen type X 896:913 Procollagen type X 896:913 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 49 theme chondrogenic 806:817 arg1 phosphatase 848:858 Alkaline phosphatase 839:858 Alkaline phosphatase 839:858 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 49 theme chondrogenic 806:817 arg1 Aggrecan 861:868 Aggrecan 861:868 Aggrecan 861:868 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 49 theme chondrogenic 806:817 arg1 markers 824:830 the chondrogenic gene markers 802:830 the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X) 802:914 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 50 theme markers 824:830 arg1 upregulation 786:797 a significant upregulation 772:797 a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X) 772:914 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 51 theme significant 774:784 arg1 upregulation 786:797 a significant upregulation 772:797 a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X) 772:914 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 1 52 theme surface 140:146 arg1 nanotopography 148:161 surface nanotopography 140:161 surface nanotopography 140:161 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 4 53 theme Procollagen 896:906 arg1 X 913:913 Procollagen type X 896:913 Procollagen type X 896:913 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 4 53 theme Procollagen 896:906 arg1 markers 824:830 the chondrogenic gene markers 802:830 the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X) 802:914 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 1 54 theme pulp 225:228 arg1 DPSCs 242:246 DPSCs 242:246 DPSCs 242:246 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 1 54 theme pulp 225:228 arg1 cells 235:239 dental pulp stem cells 218:239 dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 218:247 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 0 55 theme nanopatterned 70:82 arg1 hydrogels 97:105 nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels 70:105 nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels 70:105 Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. 24749806 1 56 dep in 191:192 arg1 vitro 194:198 vitro 194:198 vitro 194:198 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 1 57 theme nanotopography 148:161 arg1 effects 129:135 the effects 125:135 the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 125:247 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 1 58 theme stem 230:233 arg1 DPSCs 242:246 DPSCs 242:246 DPSCs 242:246 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 1 58 theme stem 230:233 arg1 cells 235:239 dental pulp stem cells 218:239 dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 218:247 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 24749806 5 59 theme collagen 1144:1151 arg1 type 1153:1156 collagen type II 1144:1159 collagen type II 1144:1159 Immunocytochemistry showed more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds. 24749806 2 60 theme hydrogels 389:397 arg1 scaffolds 353:361 well-defined nanostructured scaffolds 325:361 well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA 325:498 Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. 24749806 4 61 theme tissue 1045:1050 arg1 DPSCs 1081:1085 tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs 1045:1085 tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs 1045:1085 We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. 24749806 1 62 theme cells 235:239 arg1 chondrogenesis 200:213 in vitro chondrogenesis 191:213 in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 191:247 We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). 25596844 5 0 theme Paenibacillus 665:677 arg1 T 696:696 T 696:696 T 696:696 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 5 0 theme Paenibacillus 665:677 arg1 FeL05 690:694 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05 665:694 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative 665:723 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 2 1 theme Paenibacillus 102:114 arg1 nov. 65:68 nov. 65:68 nov. 65:68 nov., two novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 25596844 2 1 theme Paenibacillus 102:114 arg1 species 81:87 two novel species 71:87 two novel species of the genus Paenibacillus 71:114 nov., two novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 25596844 3 2 theme Gram-staining-positive 121:142 arg1 Y24 221:223 designated strains Y24 202:223 designated strains Y24(T) 202:226 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 2 theme Gram-staining-positive 121:142 arg1 bacteria 192:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria 117:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria 117:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 2 theme Gram-staining-positive 121:142 arg1 H9 232:233 H9 232:233 H9(T) 232:236 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 5 3 theme hunanensis 679:688 arg1 T 696:696 T 696:696 T 696:696 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 5 3 theme hunanensis 679:688 arg1 FeL05 690:694 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05 665:694 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative 665:723 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 13 4 theme  = CPCC 1490:1496 arg1 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 13 4 theme  = CPCC 1490:1496 arg1 30283 1514:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283 1473:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T) 1473:1521 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 5 5 theme DNA-DNA 529:535 arg1 hybridizations 537:550 DNA-DNA hybridizations 529:550 DNA-DNA hybridizations 529:550 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 13 6 theme T 1488:1488 arg1 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 13 6 theme T 1488:1488 arg1 30283 1514:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283 1473:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T) 1473:1521 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 3 7 theme designated 202:211 arg1 Y24 221:223 designated strains Y24 202:223 designated strains Y24(T) 202:226 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 7 theme designated 202:211 arg1 bacteria 192:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria 117:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria 117:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 7 theme designated 202:211 arg1 T 225:225 T 225:225 T 225:225 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 11 8 theme Paenibacillus 1349:1361 arg1 sp 1377:1378 Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp 1349:1378 Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp 1349:1378 On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, the two isolates represent two different novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 5 9 theme Phylogenetic 470:481 arg1 analysis 483:490 Phylogenetic analysis 470:490 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations 470:550 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 10 10 theme lipid 1052:1056 arg1 profiles 1058:1065 The polar lipid profiles 1042:1065 The polar lipid profiles 1042:1065 The polar lipid profiles consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two glycolipids as the major components. 25596844 4 11 theme new 409:411 arg1 isolates 413:420 the two new isolates 401:420 the two new isolates 401:420 The taxonomic positions of the two new isolates were determined by using a polyphasic approach. 25596844 3 12 theme strains 213:219 arg1 Y24 221:223 designated strains Y24 202:223 designated strains Y24(T) 202:226 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 12 theme strains 213:219 arg1 bacteria 192:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria 117:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria 117:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 12 theme strains 213:219 arg1 T 225:225 T 225:225 T 225:225 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 10 13 theme major 1178:1182 arg1 components 1184:1193 the major components 1174:1193 the major components 1174:1193 The polar lipid profiles consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two glycolipids as the major components. 25596844 10 14 theme polar 1046:1050 arg1 profiles 1058:1065 The polar lipid profiles 1042:1065 The polar lipid profiles 1042:1065 The polar lipid profiles consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two glycolipids as the major components. 25596844 7 15 contain contained 862:870 arg1 peptidoglycan 848:860 The cell wall peptidoglycan 834:860 The cell wall peptidoglycan 834:860 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25596844 7 15 contain contained 862:870 arg2 acid 892:895 meso-diaminopimelic acid 872:895 meso-diaminopimelic acid 872:895 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25596844 6 16 theme Y24 777:779 arg1 isolates 768:775 the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) 760:792 the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) 760:792 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 6 16 theme Y24 777:779 arg1 T 781:781 Y24(T) 777:782 Y24(T) 777:782 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 11 17 dep characteristics 1229:1243 arg1 basis 1203:1207 basis 1203:1207 basis 1203:1207 On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, the two isolates represent two different novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 11 17 dep characteristics 1229:1243 arg1 the 1199:1201 the 1199:1201 the 1199:1201 On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, the two isolates represent two different novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 3 18 dep spring 262:267 arg1 samples 292:298 samples 292:298 samples 292:298 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 6 19 theme isolates 768:775 arg1 contents 748:755 The genomic DNA G + C contents 726:755 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) 726:792 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 6 19 theme isolates 768:775 arg1 % 817:817 48.1 and 46.6 mol % 799:817 48.1 and 46.6 mol % 799:817 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 5 20 theme Y24 572:574 arg1 strains 564:570 strains Y24(T) and H9(T) 564:587 strains Y24(T) and H9(T) 564:587 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 5 20 theme Y24 572:574 arg1 T 576:576 Y24(T) 572:577 Y24(T) 572:577 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 5 21 theme rRNA 505:508 arg1 sequences 515:523 16S rRNA gene sequences 501:523 16S rRNA gene sequences 501:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 11 22 theme phenotypic 1218:1227 arg1 characteristics 1229:1243 their phenotypic characteristics 1212:1243 their phenotypic characteristics 1212:1243 On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, the two isolates represent two different novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 11 23 theme genus 1308:1312 arg1 species 1293:1299 two different novel species 1273:1299 two different novel species 1273:1299 On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, the two isolates represent two different novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 11 24 theme novel 1287:1291 arg1 species 1293:1299 two different novel species 1273:1299 two different novel species 1273:1299 On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, the two isolates represent two different novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 0 25 theme wulumuqiensis 14:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp 0:29 Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 0:30 Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 4 26 theme isolates 413:420 arg1 positions 388:396 The taxonomic positions 374:396 The taxonomic positions of the two new isolates 374:420 The taxonomic positions of the two new isolates were determined by using a polyphasic approach. 25596844 5 27 theme gene 510:513 arg1 sequences 515:523 16S rRNA gene sequences 501:523 16S rRNA gene sequences 501:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 11 28 theme Paenibacillus 1314:1326 arg1 genus 1308:1312 the genus Paenibacillus 1304:1326 the genus Paenibacillus 1304:1326 On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, the two isolates represent two different novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 3 29 theme north-western 353:365 arg1 China 367:371 north-western China 353:371 north-western China 353:371 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 0 30 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 28:29 Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp 0:29 Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 0:30 Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 13 31 theme  = JCM 1507:1512 arg1 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 13 31 theme  = JCM 1507:1512 arg1 30283 1514:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283 1473:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T) 1473:1521 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 11 32 theme different 1277:1285 arg1 species 1293:1299 two different novel species 1273:1299 two different novel species 1273:1299 On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, the two isolates represent two different novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 13 33 theme strain 1478:1483 arg1 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 13 33 theme strain 1478:1483 arg1 30283 1514:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283 1473:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T) 1473:1521 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 9 34 theme major 948:952 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 980:992 anteiso-C15:0 980:992 anteiso-C15:0 980:992 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0. 25596844 9 34 theme major 948:952 arg1 acids 969:973 The major cellular fatty acids 944:973 The major cellular fatty acids 944:973 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0. 25596844 5 35 theme closest 708:714 arg1 relative 716:723 their closest relative 702:723 their closest relative 702:723 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 12 36 theme Paenibacillus 1443:1455 arg1 sp 1463:1464 Paenibacillus dauci sp 1443:1464 Paenibacillus dauci sp 1443:1464 nov. (type strain Y24(T) = CPCC 100602(T) = JCM 30284(T)) and Paenibacillus dauci sp. 25596844 5 37 theme different 598:606 arg1 species 614:620 two different novel species 594:620 two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus 594:657 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 3 38 dep Gram-staining-positive 121:142 arg1 rod-shaped 181:190 rod-shaped 181:190 rod-shaped 181:190 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 38 dep Gram-staining-positive 121:142 arg1 endospore-forming 162:178 endospore-forming 162:178 endospore-forming 162:178 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 38 dep Gram-staining-positive 121:142 arg1 motile 154:159 motile 154:159 motile 154:159 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 38 dep Gram-staining-positive 121:142 arg1 aerobic 145:151 aerobic 145:151 aerobic 145:151 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 5 39 with species 614:620 arg1 T 696:696 T 696:696 T 696:696 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 5 39 with species 614:620 arg1 FeL05 690:694 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05 665:694 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative 665:723 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 5 40 theme novel 608:612 arg1 species 614:620 two different novel species 594:620 two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus 594:657 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 9 41 theme fatty 963:967 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 980:992 anteiso-C15:0 980:992 anteiso-C15:0 980:992 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0. 25596844 9 41 theme fatty 963:967 arg1 acids 969:973 The major cellular fatty acids 944:973 The major cellular fatty acids 944:973 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0. 25596844 12 42 theme dauci 1457:1461 arg1 sp 1463:1464 Paenibacillus dauci sp 1443:1464 Paenibacillus dauci sp 1443:1464 nov. (type strain Y24(T) = CPCC 100602(T) = JCM 30284(T)) and Paenibacillus dauci sp. 25596844 13 43 theme T 1505:1505 arg1 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 13 43 theme T 1505:1505 arg1 30283 1514:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283 1473:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T) 1473:1521 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 3 44 attach isolated 243:250 arg2 bacteria 192:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria 117:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria 117:199 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 44 attach isolated 243:250 arg1 L. 288:289 L. 288:289 L. 288:289 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 44 attach isolated 243:250 arg1 spring 262:267 cold spring 257:267 cold spring 257:267 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 44 attach isolated 243:250 arg2 H9 232:233 H9 232:233 H9(T) 232:236 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 44 attach isolated 243:250 arg1 carrot 273:278 carrot 273:278 carrot (Daucus L.) 273:290 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 3 44 attach isolated 243:250 arg2 Y24 221:223 designated strains Y24 202:223 designated strains Y24(T) 202:226 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 4 45 theme taxonomic 378:386 arg1 positions 388:396 The taxonomic positions 374:396 The taxonomic positions of the two new isolates 374:420 The taxonomic positions of the two new isolates were determined by using a polyphasic approach. 25596844 13 46 theme type 1473:1476 arg1 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 13 46 theme type 1473:1476 arg1 30283 1514:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283 1473:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T) 1473:1521 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 5 47 theme Paenibacillus 645:657 arg1 genus 639:643 the genus Paenibacillus 635:657 the genus Paenibacillus 635:657 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 3 48 theme Uyghur 327:332 arg1 Region 345:350 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 318:350 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 318:350 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 4 49 theme polyphasic 449:458 arg1 approach 460:467 a polyphasic approach 447:467 a polyphasic approach 447:467 The taxonomic positions of the two new isolates were determined by using a polyphasic approach. 25596844 3 50 theme cold 257:260 arg1 spring 262:267 cold spring 257:267 cold spring 257:267 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 6 51 theme G + C 742:746 arg1 contents 748:755 The genomic DNA G + C contents 726:755 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) 726:792 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 6 51 theme G + C 742:746 arg1 % 817:817 48.1 and 46.6 mol % 799:817 48.1 and 46.6 mol % 799:817 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 13 52 theme H9 1485:1486 arg1 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 13 52 theme H9 1485:1486 arg1 30283 1514:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283 1473:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T) 1473:1521 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 3 53 theme Autonomous 334:343 arg1 Region 345:350 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 318:350 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 318:350 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were isolated from cold spring and carrot (Daucus L.) samples, respectively, in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 25596844 2 54 theme novel 75:79 arg1 nov. 65:68 nov. 65:68 nov. 65:68 nov., two novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 25596844 2 54 theme novel 75:79 arg1 species 81:87 two novel species 71:87 two novel species of the genus Paenibacillus 71:114 nov., two novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 25596844 6 55 theme DNA 738:740 arg1 contents 748:755 The genomic DNA G + C contents 726:755 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) 726:792 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 6 55 theme DNA 738:740 arg1 % 817:817 48.1 and 46.6 mol % 799:817 48.1 and 46.6 mol % 799:817 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 8 56 theme predominant 902:912 arg1 menaquinone 914:924 The predominant menaquinone 898:924 The predominant menaquinone 898:924 The predominant menaquinone was both as MK-7. 25596844 8 56 theme predominant 902:912 arg1 both 930:933 both 930:933 both 930:933 The predominant menaquinone was both as MK-7. 25596844 7 57 theme cell 838:841 arg1 peptidoglycan 848:860 The cell wall peptidoglycan 834:860 The cell wall peptidoglycan 834:860 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25596844 5 58 theme H9 583:584 arg1 T 586:586 H9(T) 583:587 H9(T) 583:587 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 5 58 theme H9 583:584 arg1 strains 564:570 strains Y24(T) and H9(T) 564:587 strains Y24(T) and H9(T) 564:587 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 7 59 theme meso-diaminopimelic 872:890 arg1 acid 892:895 meso-diaminopimelic acid 872:895 meso-diaminopimelic acid 872:895 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25596844 6 60 theme genomic 730:736 arg1 contents 748:755 The genomic DNA G + C contents 726:755 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) 726:792 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 6 60 theme genomic 730:736 arg1 % 817:817 48.1 and 46.6 mol % 799:817 48.1 and 46.6 mol % 799:817 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 5 61 theme 16S 501:503 arg1 sequences 515:523 16S rRNA gene sequences 501:523 16S rRNA gene sequences 501:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 11 62 dep sp 1377:1378 arg1 names 1343:1347 the names 1339:1347 the names 1339:1347 On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, the two isolates represent two different novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 6 63 dep isolates 768:775 arg1 T 791:791 H9(T) 788:792 H9(T) 788:792 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 6 63 dep isolates 768:775 arg1 T 781:781 Y24(T) 777:782 Y24(T) 777:782 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 6 63 dep isolates 768:775 arg1 isolates 768:775 the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) 760:792 the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) 760:792 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 7 64 theme wall 843:846 arg1 peptidoglycan 848:860 The cell wall peptidoglycan 834:860 The cell wall peptidoglycan 834:860 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25596844 9 65 theme cellular 954:961 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 980:992 anteiso-C15:0 980:992 anteiso-C15:0 980:992 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0. 25596844 9 65 theme cellular 954:961 arg1 acids 969:973 The major cellular fatty acids 944:973 The major cellular fatty acids 944:973 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0. 25596844 11 66 theme wulumuqiensis 1363:1375 arg1 sp 1377:1378 Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp 1349:1378 Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp 1349:1378 On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, the two isolates represent two different novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis sp. 25596844 13 67 dep nov 1467:1469 arg1 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 13 67 dep nov 1467:1469 arg1 30283 1514:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283 1473:1518 type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T) 1473:1521 nov. (type strain H9(T) = CPCC 100608(T) = JCM 30283(T)) are proposed. 25596844 1 68 theme Paenibacillus 41:53 arg1 sp 61:62 Paenibacillus dauci sp 41:62 Paenibacillus dauci sp 41:62 nov. and Paenibacillus dauci sp. 25596844 5 69 dep strains 564:570 arg1 T 586:586 H9(T) 583:587 H9(T) 583:587 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 5 69 dep strains 564:570 arg1 T 576:576 Y24(T) 572:577 Y24(T) 572:577 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 5 69 dep strains 564:570 arg1 strains 564:570 strains Y24(T) and H9(T) 564:587 strains Y24(T) and H9(T) 564:587 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that strains Y24(T) and H9(T) were two different novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05(T) as their closest relative. 25596844 6 70 theme H9 788:789 arg1 T 791:791 H9(T) 788:792 H9(T) 788:792 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 6 70 theme H9 788:789 arg1 isolates 768:775 the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) 760:792 the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) 760:792 The genomic DNA G + C contents of the two isolates Y24(T) and H9(T) were 48.1 and 46.6 mol %, respectively. 25596844 1 71 theme dauci 55:59 arg1 sp 61:62 Paenibacillus dauci sp 41:62 Paenibacillus dauci sp 41:62 nov. and Paenibacillus dauci sp. 24816508 2 0 used utilized 485:492 arg2 information 466:476 The information 462:476 The information 462:476 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 2 1 theme substances 642:651 arg1 purity 627:632 purity 627:632 purity of drug substances 627:651 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 2 1 theme substances 642:651 arg1 profiling 663:671 impurity profiling 654:671 impurity profiling 654:671 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 2 1 theme substances 642:651 arg1 composition 690:700 enantiomeric composition 677:700 enantiomeric composition 677:700 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 2 2 theme analytical 592:601 arg1 procedures 603:612 analytical procedures 592:612 analytical procedures 592:612 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 0 3 theme methylamphetamine 83:99 arg1 separation 69:78 enantiomeric separation 56:78 enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction 56:190 Capillary gas chromatography using a γ-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction. 24816508 3 4 theme gas 720:722 arg1 GC 740:741 GC 740:741 GC 740:741 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 3 4 theme gas 720:722 arg1 chromatography 724:737 a gas chromatography 718:737 a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase 718:832 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 2 5 theme drug 637:640 arg1 substances 642:651 drug substances 637:651 drug substances 637:651 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 7 6 theme reproducibility 1646:1660 arg1 conditions 1662:1671 repeatability and reproducibility conditions 1628:1671 repeatability and reproducibility conditions 1628:1671 The method has the advantage of achieving excellent precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions while detection by MS allows for the identity of analytes to be confirmed in a single analysis. 24816508 6 7 theme variability 1522:1532 arg1 coefficient 1507:1517 the coefficient 1503:1517 the coefficient of variability 1503:1532 The limits of detection were in the range of 0.002-0.008μg/mL and the coefficient of variability was between 1.0 and 3.9%. 24816508 1 8 theme optical 270:276 arg1 activity 278:285 the optical activity 266:285 the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis 266:335 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 0 9 theme precursors 106:115 arg1 separation 69:78 enantiomeric separation 56:78 enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction 56:190 Capillary gas chromatography using a γ-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction. 24816508 3 10 theme Emde 1046:1049 arg1 method 1051:1056 the Emde method 1042:1056 the Emde method 1042:1056 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 6 11 theme 0.002-0.008μg/mL 1482:1497 arg1 range 1473:1477 the range 1469:1477 the range of 0.002-0.008μg/mL 1469:1497 The limits of detection were in the range of 0.002-0.008μg/mL and the coefficient of variability was between 1.0 and 3.9%. 24816508 6 11 theme 0.002-0.008μg/mL 1482:1497 arg1 0.002-0.008μg/mL 1482:1497 0.002-0.008μg/mL 1482:1497 0.002-0.008μg/mL 1482:1497 The limits of detection were in the range of 0.002-0.008μg/mL and the coefficient of variability was between 1.0 and 3.9%. 24816508 6 11 theme 0.002-0.008μg/mL 1482:1497 arg1 % 1557:1557 1.0 and 3.9% 1546:1557 1.0 and 3.9% 1546:1557 The limits of detection were in the range of 0.002-0.008μg/mL and the coefficient of variability was between 1.0 and 3.9%. 24816508 3 12 theme MAMP 911:914 arg1 separations 896:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations 866:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine 866:972 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 3 12 theme MAMP 911:914 arg1 chlorointermediates 990:1008 its chlorointermediates 986:1008 its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method 986:1056 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 7 13 theme excellent 1602:1610 arg1 precision 1612:1620 excellent precision 1602:1620 excellent precision 1602:1620 The method has the advantage of achieving excellent precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions while detection by MS allows for the identity of analytes to be confirmed in a single analysis. 24816508 1 14 theme useful 368:373 arg1 information 375:385 useful information 368:385 useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture 368:459 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 3 15 theme trifluoroacetic 1085:1099 arg1 anhydride 1101:1109 trifluoroacetic anhydride 1085:1109 trifluoroacetic anhydride 1085:1109 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 7 16 theme repeatability 1628:1640 arg1 conditions 1662:1671 repeatability and reproducibility conditions 1628:1671 repeatability and reproducibility conditions 1628:1671 The method has the advantage of achieving excellent precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions while detection by MS allows for the identity of analytes to be confirmed in a single analysis. 24816508 0 17 theme chloro 121:126 arg1 intermediates 128:140 chloro intermediates 121:140 chloro intermediates 121:140 Capillary gas chromatography using a γ-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction. 24816508 3 18 theme mass 757:760 arg1 MS 776:777 MS 776:777 MS 776:777 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 3 18 theme mass 757:760 arg1 spectrometry 762:773 mass spectrometry 757:773 mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase 757:832 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 2 19 theme enantiomeric 677:688 arg1 composition 690:700 enantiomeric composition 677:700 enantiomeric composition 677:700 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 3 20 theme ephedrine 943:951 arg1 separations 896:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations 866:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine 866:972 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 3 20 theme ephedrine 943:951 arg1 chlorointermediates 990:1008 its chlorointermediates 986:1008 its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method 986:1056 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 4 21 theme optimal 1257:1263 arg1 conditions 1278:1287 optimal experimental conditions 1257:1287 optimal experimental conditions 1257:1287 The optimization was performed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) in order to select and compare optimal experimental conditions. 24816508 3 22 theme common 924:929 arg1 precursors 931:940 its common precursors 920:940 its common precursors 920:940 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 1 23 theme enantiomeric 197:208 arg1 ratio 210:214 The enantiomeric ratio 193:214 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) 193:242 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 1 23 theme enantiomeric 197:208 arg1 related 255:261 related 255:261 related 255:261 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 0 24 theme gas 10:12 arg1 chromatography 14:27 Capillary gas chromatography 0:27 Capillary gas chromatography 0:27 Capillary gas chromatography using a γ-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction. 24816508 5 25 theme good 1376:1379 arg1 range 1391:1395 good linearity range 1376:1395 good linearity range 1376:1395 Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calculated calibration curves showed good linearity range up to 0.1μg/mL for all tested analytes. 24816508 2 26 theme impurity 654:661 arg1 profiling 663:671 impurity profiling 654:671 impurity profiling 654:671 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 3 27 theme precursors 931:940 arg1 separations 896:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations 866:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine 866:972 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 3 27 theme precursors 931:940 arg1 chlorointermediates 990:1008 its chlorointermediates 986:1008 its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method 986:1056 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 7 28 contain has 1571:1573 arg1 method 1564:1569 The method 1560:1569 The method 1560:1569 The method has the advantage of achieving excellent precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions while detection by MS allows for the identity of analytes to be confirmed in a single analysis. 24816508 7 28 contain has 1571:1573 arg2 advantage 1579:1587 the advantage 1575:1587 the advantage of achieving excellent precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions while detection by MS allows for the identity of analytes to be confirmed in a single analysis 1575:1766 The method has the advantage of achieving excellent precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions while detection by MS allows for the identity of analytes to be confirmed in a single analysis. 24816508 0 29 theme Capillary 0:8 arg1 chromatography 14:27 Capillary gas chromatography 0:27 Capillary gas chromatography 0:27 Capillary gas chromatography using a γ-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction. 24816508 1 30 theme precursors 290:299 arg1 activity 278:285 the optical activity 266:285 the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis 266:335 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 3 31 theme pseudoephedrine 958:972 arg1 separations 896:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations 866:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine 866:972 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 3 31 theme pseudoephedrine 958:972 arg1 chlorointermediates 990:1008 its chlorointermediates 986:1008 its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method 986:1056 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 4 32 theme experimental 1265:1276 arg1 conditions 1278:1287 optimal experimental conditions 1257:1287 optimal experimental conditions 1257:1287 The optimization was performed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) in order to select and compare optimal experimental conditions. 24816508 5 33 theme linearity 1381:1389 arg1 range 1391:1395 good linearity range 1376:1395 good linearity range 1376:1395 Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calculated calibration curves showed good linearity range up to 0.1μg/mL for all tested analytes. 24816508 1 34 theme methylamphetamine 219:235 arg1 ratio 210:214 The enantiomeric ratio 193:214 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) 193:242 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 1 34 theme methylamphetamine 219:235 arg1 related 255:261 related 255:261 related 255:261 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 4 35 theme components 1205:1214 arg1 analysis 1216:1223 principal components analysis 1195:1223 principal components analysis 1195:1223 The optimization was performed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) in order to select and compare optimal experimental conditions. 24816508 1 36 theme reagents 305:312 arg1 activity 278:285 the optical activity 266:285 the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis 266:335 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 0 37 theme intermediates 128:140 arg1 separation 69:78 enantiomeric separation 56:78 enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction 56:190 Capillary gas chromatography using a γ-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction. 24816508 7 38 theme analytes 1722:1729 arg1 identity 1710:1717 the identity 1706:1717 the identity of analytes 1706:1729 The method has the advantage of achieving excellent precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions while detection by MS allows for the identity of analytes to be confirmed in a single analysis. 24816508 4 39 theme multivariate 1149:1160 arg1 statistics 1162:1171 multivariate statistics 1149:1171 multivariate statistics 1149:1171 The optimization was performed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) in order to select and compare optimal experimental conditions. 24816508 3 40 with derivatization 1065:1078 arg1 anhydride 1101:1109 trifluoroacetic anhydride 1085:1109 trifluoroacetic anhydride 1085:1109 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 4 41 theme cluster 1174:1180 arg1 analysis 1182:1189 cluster analysis 1174:1189 cluster analysis 1174:1189 The optimization was performed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) in order to select and compare optimal experimental conditions. 24816508 2 42 theme sources 566:572 arg1 investigation 531:543 investigation 531:543 investigation of the manufacturing sources 531:572 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 2 42 theme sources 566:572 arg1 regulation 498:507 regulation 498:507 regulation of the precursors 498:525 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 1 43 theme synthetic 414:422 arg1 methods 424:430 synthetic methods 414:430 synthetic methods 414:430 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 3 44 theme chiral 810:815 arg1 phase 828:832 a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase 793:832 a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase 793:832 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 7 45 theme single 1752:1757 arg1 analysis 1759:1766 a single analysis 1750:1766 a single analysis 1750:1766 The method has the advantage of achieving excellent precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions while detection by MS allows for the identity of analytes to be confirmed in a single analysis. 24816508 0 46 theme enantiomeric 56:67 arg1 separation 69:78 enantiomeric separation 56:78 enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction 56:190 Capillary gas chromatography using a γ-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction. 24816508 2 47 theme manufacturing 552:564 arg1 sources 566:572 the manufacturing sources 548:572 the manufacturing sources 548:572 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 0 48 theme derivatization 168:181 arg1 reaction 183:190 the derivatization reaction 164:190 the derivatization reaction 164:190 Capillary gas chromatography using a γ-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction. 24816508 6 49 theme detection 1451:1459 arg1 limits 1441:1446 The limits 1437:1446 The limits of detection 1437:1459 The limits of detection were in the range of 0.002-0.008μg/mL and the coefficient of variability was between 1.0 and 3.9%. 24816508 5 50 theme optimized 1300:1308 arg1 conditions 1323:1332 the optimized experimental conditions 1296:1332 the optimized experimental conditions 1296:1332 Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calculated calibration curves showed good linearity range up to 0.1μg/mL for all tested analytes. 24816508 5 51 theme calculated 1339:1348 arg1 curves 1362:1367 the calculated calibration curves 1335:1367 the calculated calibration curves 1335:1367 Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calculated calibration curves showed good linearity range up to 0.1μg/mL for all tested analytes. 24816508 3 52 theme enantiomeric 883:894 arg1 separations 896:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations 866:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine 866:972 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 4 53 dep performed 1133:1141 arg1 analysis 1182:1189 cluster analysis 1174:1189 cluster analysis 1174:1189 The optimization was performed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) in order to select and compare optimal experimental conditions. 24816508 4 53 dep performed 1133:1141 arg1 analysis 1216:1223 principal components analysis 1195:1223 principal components analysis 1195:1223 The optimization was performed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) in order to select and compare optimal experimental conditions. 24816508 5 54 dep 0.1μg/mL 1403:1410 arg1 up 1397:1398 up 1397:1398 up 1397:1398 Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calculated calibration curves showed good linearity range up to 0.1μg/mL for all tested analytes. 24816508 3 55 theme spectrometry 762:773 arg1 method 780:785 mass spectrometry (MS) method 757:785 mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase 757:832 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 5 56 theme calibration 1350:1360 arg1 curves 1362:1367 the calculated calibration curves 1335:1367 the calculated calibration curves 1335:1367 Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calculated calibration curves showed good linearity range up to 0.1μg/mL for all tested analytes. 24816508 0 57 theme reaction 183:190 arg1 optimization 148:159 optimization 148:159 optimization of the derivatization reaction 148:190 Capillary gas chromatography using a γ-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors and chloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction. 24816508 1 58 theme illicit 441:447 arg1 manufacture 449:459 illicit manufacture 441:459 illicit manufacture 441:459 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 5 59 theme tested 1420:1425 arg1 analytes 1427:1434 all tested analytes 1416:1434 all tested analytes 1416:1434 Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calculated calibration curves showed good linearity range up to 0.1μg/mL for all tested analytes. 24816508 8 60 theme MAMP 1818:1821 arg1 analysis 1823:1830 MAMP analysis 1818:1830 MAMP analysis 1818:1830 The method was therefore applied satisfactory to MAMP analysis. 24816508 4 61 theme principal 1195:1203 arg1 analysis 1216:1223 principal components analysis 1195:1223 principal components analysis 1195:1223 The optimization was performed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) in order to select and compare optimal experimental conditions. 24816508 3 62 theme MAMP 1024:1027 arg1 synthesis 1029:1037 MAMP synthesis 1024:1037 MAMP synthesis 1024:1037 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 3 63 theme simultaneous 870:881 arg1 separations 896:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations 866:906 the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine 866:972 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 1 64 dep origins 402:408 arg1 the 398:400 the 398:400 the 398:400 The enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precursors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerning the origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. 24816508 2 65 theme precursors 516:525 arg1 investigation 531:543 investigation 531:543 investigation of the manufacturing sources 531:572 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 2 65 theme precursors 516:525 arg1 regulation 498:507 regulation 498:507 regulation of the precursors 498:525 The information can be utilized for regulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analytical procedures to determine purity of drug substances, impurity profiling and enantiomeric composition. 24816508 3 66 theme stationary 817:826 arg1 phase 828:832 a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase 793:832 a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase 793:832 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 24816508 5 67 theme experimental 1310:1321 arg1 conditions 1323:1332 the optimized experimental conditions 1296:1332 the optimized experimental conditions 1296:1332 Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calculated calibration curves showed good linearity range up to 0.1μg/mL for all tested analytes. 24816508 3 68 theme γ-cyclodextrin 795:808 arg1 phase 828:832 a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase 793:832 a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase 793:832 In this study, a gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) method using a γ-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was developed and optimized for the simultaneous enantiomeric separations of MAMP and its common precursors, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, as well as its chlorointermediates formed during MAMP synthesis by the Emde method, after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 22431484 11 0 theme murine 1728:1733 arg1 cells 1755:1759 murine alveolar macrophage cells 1728:1759 murine alveolar macrophage cells 1728:1759 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 13 1 theme lower 2003:2007 arg1 effects 2019:2025 significantly lower cytotoxic effects 1989:2025 significantly lower cytotoxic effects 1989:2025 However, the samples induced significantly lower cytotoxic effects and nitrogen oxide generation when compared with the positive control. 22431484 12 2 theme reactive 1853:1860 arg1 species 1869:1875 reactive oxygen species 1853:1875 reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash) 1853:1957 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 2 3 theme silica 279:284 arg1 conversion 255:264 conversion 255:264 conversion of amorphous silica to crystalline forms during burning 255:320 In particular, conversion of amorphous silica to crystalline forms during burning may provide a source of toxic particles. 22431484 12 4 theme species 1869:1875 arg1 generation 1877:1886 reactive oxygen species generation 1853:1886 reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash) 1853:1957 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 10 5 theme membrane 1440:1447 arg1 rupture 1449:1455 membrane rupture 1440:1455 membrane rupture 1440:1455 The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. 22431484 1 6 theme respiratory 171:181 arg1 hazard 190:195 a respiratory health hazard 169:195 a respiratory health hazard 169:195 Sugarcane combustion generates fine-grained particulate that has the potential to be a respiratory health hazard because of its grain size and composition. 22431484 12 7 theme high 1828:1831 arg1 concentrations 1833:1846 very high concentrations 1823:1846 very high concentrations 1823:1846 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 8 8 from iron 1144:1147 arg1 surfaces 1165:1172 the particle surfaces 1152:1172 the particle surfaces 1152:1172 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 9 theme bioavailable 1131:1142 arg1 low 1178:1180 low 1178:1180 low 1178:1180 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 9 theme bioavailable 1131:1142 arg1 m 1192:1192 2-3 μmol m 1183:1192 2-3 μmol m(-2) 1183:1196 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 9 theme bioavailable 1131:1142 arg1 iron 1144:1147 The bioavailable iron 1127:1147 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces 1127:1172 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 10 theme μmol 1187:1190 arg1 low 1178:1180 low 1178:1180 low 1178:1180 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 10 theme μmol 1187:1190 arg1 -2 1194:1195 -2 1194:1195 -2 1194:1195 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 10 theme μmol 1187:1190 arg1 m 1192:1192 2-3 μmol m 1183:1192 2-3 μmol m(-2) 1183:1196 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 10 theme μmol 1187:1190 arg1 iron 1144:1147 The bioavailable iron 1127:1147 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces 1127:1172 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 11 dep low 1178:1180 arg1 low 1178:1180 low 1178:1180 low 1178:1180 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 11 dep low 1178:1180 arg1 -2 1194:1195 -2 1194:1195 -2 1194:1195 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 11 dep low 1178:1180 arg1 m 1192:1192 2-3 μmol m 1183:1192 2-3 μmol m(-2) 1183:1196 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 11 dep low 1178:1180 arg1 iron 1144:1147 The bioavailable iron 1127:1147 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces 1127:1172 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 11 12 theme lactate 1634:1640 arg1 release 1656:1662 lactate dehydrogenase release 1634:1662 lactate dehydrogenase release 1634:1662 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 7 13 theme radicals 1013:1020 arg1 indicative 1036:1045 indicative 1036:1045 indicative 1036:1045 However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. 22431484 7 13 theme radicals 1013:1020 arg1 source 994:999 an external source 982:999 an external source 982:999 However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. 22431484 2 14 theme crystalline 289:299 arg1 forms 301:305 crystalline forms 289:305 crystalline forms during burning 289:320 In particular, conversion of amorphous silica to crystalline forms during burning may provide a source of toxic particles. 22431484 11 15 theme macrophage 1744:1753 arg1 cells 1755:1759 murine alveolar macrophage cells 1728:1759 murine alveolar macrophage cells 1728:1759 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 4 16 theme toxicity 641:648 arg1 assays 650:655 cellular toxicity assays 632:655 cellular toxicity assays 632:655 Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. 22431484 1 17 theme grain 212:216 arg1 size 218:221 its grain size 208:221 its grain size 208:221 Sugarcane combustion generates fine-grained particulate that has the potential to be a respiratory health hazard because of its grain size and composition. 22431484 8 18 theme particle 1156:1163 arg1 surfaces 1165:1172 the particle surfaces 1152:1172 the particle surfaces 1152:1172 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 6 19 theme carbon-centered 892:906 arg1 radicals 908:915 hydroxyl- or carbon-centered radicals 879:915 hydroxyl- or carbon-centered radicals 879:915 The samples did not generate hydroxyl- or carbon-centered radicals in cell-free tests. 22431484 7 20 theme external 985:992 arg1 indicative 1036:1045 indicative 1036:1045 indicative 1036:1045 However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. 22431484 7 20 theme external 985:992 arg1 source 994:999 an external source 982:999 an external source 982:999 However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. 22431484 9 21 theme functional 1378:1387 arg1 groups 1390:1395 oxygenated (functional) groups 1366:1395 oxygenated (functional) groups 1366:1395 The sample surfaces were all hydrophilic and slightly acidic, which may be due to the presence of oxygenated (functional) groups. 22431484 6 22 theme hydroxyl- 879:887 arg1 radicals 908:915 hydroxyl- or carbon-centered radicals 879:915 hydroxyl- or carbon-centered radicals 879:915 The samples did not generate hydroxyl- or carbon-centered radicals in cell-free tests. 22431484 12 23 theme sugarcane 1944:1952 arg1 ash 1954:1956 the sugarcane ash 1940:1956 the sugarcane ash 1940:1956 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 11 24 theme ash 1603:1605 arg1 Cytotoxicity 1577:1588 Cytotoxicity 1577:1588 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash 1577:1605 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 9 25 theme groups 1390:1395 arg1 presence 1354:1361 the presence 1350:1361 the presence of oxygenated (functional) groups 1350:1395 The sample surfaces were all hydrophilic and slightly acidic, which may be due to the presence of oxygenated (functional) groups. 22431484 0 26 theme sugarcane 65:73 arg1 burning 75:81 sugarcane burning 65:81 sugarcane burning 65:81 The surface reactivity and implied toxicity of ash produced from sugarcane burning. 22431484 8 27 theme iron-catalyzed 1233:1246 arg1 generation 1256:1265 iron-catalyzed radical generation 1233:1265 iron-catalyzed radical generation 1233:1265 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 12 28 theme oxide 1791:1795 arg1 release 1797:1803 nitrogen oxide release 1782:1803 nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) 1782:1847 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 4 29 theme particle-lung 726:738 arg1 interface 740:748 the particle-lung interface 722:748 the particle-lung interface 722:748 Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. 22431484 7 30 theme cellular 1107:1114 arg1 processes 1116:1124 cellular processes 1107:1124 cellular processes 1107:1124 However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. 22431484 13 31 theme positive 2080:2087 arg1 control 2089:2095 the positive control 2076:2095 the positive control 2076:2095 However, the samples induced significantly lower cytotoxic effects and nitrogen oxide generation when compared with the positive control. 22431484 1 32 theme Sugarcane 84:92 arg1 combustion 94:103 Sugarcane combustion 84:103 Sugarcane combustion 84:103 Sugarcane combustion generates fine-grained particulate that has the potential to be a respiratory health hazard because of its grain size and composition. 22431484 3 33 theme bagasse 440:446 arg1 ash 448:450 bagasse ash 440:450 bagasse ash 440:450 In this study, we investigate and evaluate the toxicity of sugarcane ash and bagasse ash formed from commercial sugarcane burning. 22431484 5 34 dep g 842:842 arg1 2 839:839 2 839:839 2 839:839 The specific surface area of the particles ranged from ∼16 to 90 m(2) g(-1) . 22431484 3 35 theme ash 432:434 arg1 toxicity 410:417 the toxicity 406:417 the toxicity of sugarcane ash and bagasse ash formed from commercial sugarcane burning 406:491 In this study, we investigate and evaluate the toxicity of sugarcane ash and bagasse ash formed from commercial sugarcane burning. 22431484 0 36 theme implied 27:33 arg1 toxicity 35:42 implied toxicity 27:42 implied toxicity 27:42 The surface reactivity and implied toxicity of ash produced from sugarcane burning. 22431484 3 37 theme commercial 464:473 arg1 burning 485:491 commercial sugarcane burning 464:491 commercial sugarcane burning 464:491 In this study, we investigate and evaluate the toxicity of sugarcane ash and bagasse ash formed from commercial sugarcane burning. 22431484 7 38 theme particle 1065:1072 arg1 surfaces 1074:1081 the particle surfaces 1061:1081 the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes 1061:1124 However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. 22431484 9 39 theme sample 1272:1277 arg1 hydrophilic 1297:1307 hydrophilic 1297:1307 hydrophilic 1297:1307 The sample surfaces were all hydrophilic and slightly acidic, which may be due to the presence of oxygenated (functional) groups. 22431484 9 39 theme sample 1272:1277 arg1 surfaces 1279:1286 The sample surfaces 1268:1286 The sample surfaces 1268:1286 The sample surfaces were all hydrophilic and slightly acidic, which may be due to the presence of oxygenated (functional) groups. 22431484 10 40 from rupture 1449:1455 arg1 hemolysis 1477:1485 hemolysis 1477:1485 hemolysis 1477:1485 The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. 22431484 10 40 from rupture 1449:1455 arg1 cells 1470:1474 red blood cells 1460:1474 red blood cells (hemolysis) 1460:1486 The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. 22431484 4 41 theme main 523:526 arg1 properties 544:553 the main physicochemical properties 519:553 the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, 519:611 Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. 22431484 11 42 theme high 1696:1699 arg1 concentrations 1701:1714 relatively high concentrations 1685:1714 relatively high concentrations of ash 1685:1721 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 0 43 dep reactivity 12:21 arg1 The 0:2 The 0:2 The 0:2 The surface reactivity and implied toxicity of ash produced from sugarcane burning. 22431484 4 44 theme biological 591:600 arg1 responses 602:610 biological responses 591:610 biological responses 591:610 Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. 22431484 11 45 theme alveolar 1735:1742 arg1 cells 1755:1759 murine alveolar macrophage cells 1728:1759 murine alveolar macrophage cells 1728:1759 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 13 46 theme oxide 2040:2044 arg1 generation 2046:2055 nitrogen oxide generation 2031:2055 nitrogen oxide generation 2031:2055 However, the samples induced significantly lower cytotoxic effects and nitrogen oxide generation when compared with the positive control. 22431484 10 47 theme oxidative 1419:1427 arg1 stress 1429:1434 oxidative stress 1419:1434 oxidative stress 1419:1434 The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. 22431484 7 48 theme defects 1050:1056 arg1 source 994:999 an external source 982:999 an external source 982:999 However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. 22431484 7 48 theme defects 1050:1056 arg1 indicative 1036:1045 indicative 1036:1045 indicative 1036:1045 However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. 22431484 2 49 theme toxic 346:350 arg1 particles 352:360 toxic particles 346:360 toxic particles 346:360 In particular, conversion of amorphous silica to crystalline forms during burning may provide a source of toxic particles. 22431484 10 50 theme red 1460:1462 arg1 hemolysis 1477:1485 hemolysis 1477:1485 hemolysis 1477:1485 The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. 22431484 10 50 theme red 1460:1462 arg1 cells 1470:1474 red blood cells 1460:1474 red blood cells (hemolysis) 1460:1486 The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. 22431484 13 51 theme cytotoxic 2009:2017 arg1 effects 2019:2025 significantly lower cytotoxic effects 1989:2025 significantly lower cytotoxic effects 1989:2025 However, the samples induced significantly lower cytotoxic effects and nitrogen oxide generation when compared with the positive control. 22431484 2 52 theme amorphous 269:277 arg1 silica 279:284 amorphous silica 269:284 amorphous silica 269:284 In particular, conversion of amorphous silica to crystalline forms during burning may provide a source of toxic particles. 22431484 12 53 theme oxygen 1862:1867 arg1 species 1869:1875 reactive oxygen species 1853:1875 reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash) 1853:1957 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 4 54 theme physicochemical 528:542 arg1 properties 544:553 the main physicochemical properties 519:553 the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, 519:611 Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. 22431484 5 55 theme specific 776:783 arg1 area 793:796 The specific surface area 772:796 The specific surface area of the particles 772:813 The specific surface area of the particles ranged from ∼16 to 90 m(2) g(-1) . 22431484 1 56 theme health 183:188 arg1 hazard 190:195 a respiratory health hazard 169:195 a respiratory health hazard 169:195 Sugarcane combustion generates fine-grained particulate that has the potential to be a respiratory health hazard because of its grain size and composition. 22431484 7 57 theme hydroxyl 1004:1011 arg1 radicals 1013:1020 hydroxyl radicals 1004:1020 hydroxyl radicals 1004:1020 However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. 22431484 6 58 theme cell-free 920:928 arg1 tests 930:934 cell-free tests 920:934 cell-free tests 920:934 The samples did not generate hydroxyl- or carbon-centered radicals in cell-free tests. 22431484 4 59 theme potential 682:690 arg1 reactions 692:700 the potential reactions 678:700 the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation 678:769 Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. 22431484 8 60 theme 2-3 1183:1185 arg1 low 1178:1180 low 1178:1180 low 1178:1180 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 60 theme 2-3 1183:1185 arg1 -2 1194:1195 -2 1194:1195 -2 1194:1195 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 60 theme 2-3 1183:1185 arg1 m 1192:1192 2-3 μmol m 1183:1192 2-3 μmol m(-2) 1183:1196 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 8 60 theme 2-3 1183:1185 arg1 iron 1144:1147 The bioavailable iron 1127:1147 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces 1127:1172 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 12 61 dep release 1797:1803 arg1 only 1815:1818 only 1815:1818 only 1815:1818 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 11 62 theme dehydrogenase 1642:1654 arg1 release 1656:1662 lactate dehydrogenase release 1634:1662 lactate dehydrogenase release 1634:1662 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 5 63 theme m 837:837 arg1 g 842:842 90 m(2) g(-1) 834:846 90 m(2) g(-1) 834:846 The specific surface area of the particles ranged from ∼16 to 90 m(2) g(-1) . 22431484 4 64 theme cellular 632:639 arg1 assays 650:655 cellular toxicity assays 632:655 cellular toxicity assays 632:655 Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. 22431484 10 65 theme blood 1464:1468 arg1 hemolysis 1477:1485 hemolysis 1477:1485 hemolysis 1477:1485 The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. 22431484 10 65 theme blood 1464:1468 arg1 cells 1470:1474 red blood cells 1460:1474 red blood cells (hemolysis) 1460:1486 The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. 22431484 12 66 theme bagasse 1902:1908 arg1 samples 1910:1916 the bagasse samples 1898:1916 the bagasse samples 1898:1916 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 12 66 theme bagasse 1902:1908 arg1 potent 1928:1933 potent 1928:1933 potent 1928:1933 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 11 67 theme sugarcane 1593:1601 arg1 ash 1603:1605 sugarcane ash 1593:1605 sugarcane ash 1593:1605 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 12 68 theme nitrogen 1782:1789 arg1 oxide 1791:1795 nitrogen oxide 1782:1795 nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) 1782:1847 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 8 69 theme low 1214:1216 arg1 propensity 1218:1227 a low propensity 1212:1227 a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation 1212:1265 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 11 70 with incubation 1671:1680 arg1 cells 1755:1759 murine alveolar macrophage cells 1728:1759 murine alveolar macrophage cells 1728:1759 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 8 71 theme radical 1248:1254 arg1 generation 1256:1265 iron-catalyzed radical generation 1233:1265 iron-catalyzed radical generation 1233:1265 The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. 22431484 3 72 theme sugarcane 422:430 arg1 ash 432:434 sugarcane ash 422:434 sugarcane ash 422:434 In this study, we investigate and evaluate the toxicity of sugarcane ash and bagasse ash formed from commercial sugarcane burning. 22431484 5 73 theme particles 805:813 arg1 area 793:796 The specific surface area 772:796 The specific surface area of the particles 772:813 The specific surface area of the particles ranged from ∼16 to 90 m(2) g(-1) . 22431484 4 74 theme particles 562:570 arg1 properties 544:553 the main physicochemical properties 519:553 the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, 519:611 Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. 22431484 3 75 theme ash 448:450 arg1 toxicity 410:417 the toxicity 406:417 the toxicity of sugarcane ash and bagasse ash formed from commercial sugarcane burning 406:491 In this study, we investigate and evaluate the toxicity of sugarcane ash and bagasse ash formed from commercial sugarcane burning. 22431484 5 76 theme surface 785:791 arg1 area 793:796 The specific surface area 772:796 The specific surface area of the particles 772:813 The specific surface area of the particles ranged from ∼16 to 90 m(2) g(-1) . 22431484 12 77 from concentrations 1833:1846 arg1 only 1815:1818 only 1815:1818 only 1815:1818 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 0 78 theme ash 47:49 arg1 reactivity 12:21 surface reactivity 4:21 surface reactivity 4:21 The surface reactivity and implied toxicity of ash produced from sugarcane burning. 22431484 0 78 theme ash 47:49 arg1 toxicity 35:42 implied toxicity 27:42 implied toxicity 27:42 The surface reactivity and implied toxicity of ash produced from sugarcane burning. 22431484 4 79 dep Experiments 494:504 arg1 determine 509:517 determine 509:517 to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, 506:611 Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. 22431484 10 80 from stress 1429:1434 arg1 hemolysis 1477:1485 hemolysis 1477:1485 hemolysis 1477:1485 The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. 22431484 10 80 from stress 1429:1434 arg1 cells 1470:1474 red blood cells 1460:1474 red blood cells (hemolysis) 1460:1486 The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. 22431484 2 81 theme particles 352:360 arg1 source 336:341 a source 334:341 a source of toxic particles 334:360 In particular, conversion of amorphous silica to crystalline forms during burning may provide a source of toxic particles. 22431484 7 82 from defects 1050:1056 arg1 surfaces 1074:1081 the particle surfaces 1061:1081 the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes 1061:1124 However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. 22431484 3 83 theme sugarcane 475:483 arg1 burning 485:491 commercial sugarcane burning 464:491 commercial sugarcane burning 464:491 In this study, we investigate and evaluate the toxicity of sugarcane ash and bagasse ash formed from commercial sugarcane burning. 22431484 11 84 theme ash 1719:1721 arg1 concentrations 1701:1714 relatively high concentrations 1685:1714 relatively high concentrations of ash 1685:1721 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 12 85 dep generation 1877:1886 arg1 samples 1910:1916 the bagasse samples 1898:1916 the bagasse samples 1898:1916 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 12 85 dep generation 1877:1886 arg1 potent 1928:1933 potent 1928:1933 potent 1928:1933 All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). 22431484 11 86 theme concentrations 1701:1714 arg1 incubation 1671:1680 incubation 1671:1680 incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells 1671:1759 Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. 22431484 13 87 theme nitrogen 2031:2038 arg1 generation 2046:2055 nitrogen oxide generation 2031:2055 nitrogen oxide generation 2031:2055 However, the samples induced significantly lower cytotoxic effects and nitrogen oxide generation when compared with the positive control. 22431484 9 88 theme oxygenated 1366:1375 arg1 groups 1390:1395 oxygenated (functional) groups 1366:1395 oxygenated (functional) groups 1366:1395 The sample surfaces were all hydrophilic and slightly acidic, which may be due to the presence of oxygenated (functional) groups. 22431484 1 89 contain has 145:147 arg2 potential 153:161 the potential to be a respiratory health hazard because of its grain size and composition 149:237 the potential to be a respiratory health hazard because of its grain size and composition 149:237 Sugarcane combustion generates fine-grained particulate that has the potential to be a respiratory health hazard because of its grain size and composition. 22431484 1 89 contain has 145:147 arg1 particulate 128:138 particulate 128:138 particulate 128:138 Sugarcane combustion generates fine-grained particulate that has the potential to be a respiratory health hazard because of its grain size and composition. 22431484 0 90 theme surface 4:10 arg1 reactivity 12:21 surface reactivity 4:21 surface reactivity 4:21 The surface reactivity and implied toxicity of ash produced from sugarcane burning. 28604332 9 0 theme DNA 984:986 arg1 % 1016:1016 70.1 mol% 1008:1016 70.1 mol% 1008:1016 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate was 70.1 mol%. 28604332 9 0 theme DNA 984:986 arg1 content 961:967 The G+C content 953:967 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate 953:1002 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate was 70.1 mol%. 28604332 13 1 theme comparisons 1354:1364 arg1 results 1343:1349 The results 1339:1349 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics 1339:1438 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 9 2 theme 70.1 mol 1008:1015 arg1 % 1016:1016 70.1 mol% 1008:1016 70.1 mol% 1008:1016 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate was 70.1 mol%. 28604332 9 2 theme 70.1 mol 1008:1015 arg1 content 961:967 The G+C content 953:967 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate 953:1002 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate was 70.1 mol%. 28604332 4 3 theme Microbacterium 504:517 arg1 panaciterrae 519:530 Microbacterium panaciterrae 504:530 Microbacterium panaciterrae 504:530 The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT was Microbacterium panaciterrae, with 97.8 % sequence similarity. 28604332 4 3 theme Microbacterium 504:517 arg1 species 477:483 The most closely phylogenetically related species 435:483 The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT 435:498 The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT was Microbacterium panaciterrae, with 97.8 % sequence similarity. 28604332 13 4 theme characteristics 1424:1438 arg1 comparisons 1354:1364 comparisons 1354:1364 comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics 1354:1438 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 10 5 theme Microbacterium 1207:1220 arg1 species 1186:1192 a novel species 1178:1192 a novel species 1178:1192 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 14 6 theme taxonomic 1683:1691 arg1 assignment 1693:1702 their accurate taxonomic assignment 1668:1702 their accurate taxonomic assignment 1668:1702 Although the sequence similarity between the two was 99.2 %, further detailed multifaceted comparisons are needed to determine their accurate taxonomic assignment. 28604332 5 7 theme T7528-3-6bT 599:609 arg1 quinones 587:594 The major isoprenoid quinones 566:594 The major isoprenoid quinones of T7528-3-6bT 566:609 The major isoprenoid quinones of T7528-3-6bT were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11. 28604332 5 7 theme T7528-3-6bT 599:609 arg1 MK-12 616:620 MK-12 616:620 MK-12 616:620 The major isoprenoid quinones of T7528-3-6bT were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11. 28604332 4 8 with panaciterrae 519:530 arg1 similarity 554:563 97.8 % sequence similarity 538:563 97.8 % sequence similarity 538:563 The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT was Microbacterium panaciterrae, with 97.8 % sequence similarity. 28604332 13 9 theme Microbacterium 1513:1526 arg1 shaanxiense 1528:1538 Microbacterium shaanxiense 1513:1538 Microbacterium shaanxiense 1513:1538 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 2 10 theme non-spore-forming 155:171 arg1 rods 188:191 Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods 134:191 Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods 134:191 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 10 11 dep results 1039:1045 arg1 basis 1026:1030 basis 1026:1030 basis 1026:1030 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 10 11 dep results 1039:1045 arg1 the 1022:1024 the 1022:1024 the 1022:1024 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 2 12 theme Asuka 292:296 arg1 village 298:304 Asuka village 292:304 Asuka village 292:304 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 10 13 theme M. 1242:1243 arg1 sp 1252:1253 the name M. tumbae sp 1233:1253 the name M. tumbae sp 1233:1253 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 10 14 theme novel 1180:1184 arg1 species 1186:1192 a novel species 1178:1192 a novel species 1178:1192 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 13 15 dep genotypic 1389:1397 arg1 sequence 1414:1421 16S rRNA gene sequence 1400:1421 16S rRNA gene sequence 1400:1421 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 13 16 theme 16S 1400:1402 arg1 rRNA 1404:1407 16S rRNA 1400:1407 16S rRNA gene sequence 1400:1421 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 13 17 theme remaining 1459:1467 arg1 related 1502:1508 related 1502:1508 related 1502:1508 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 13 17 theme remaining 1459:1467 arg1 isolates 1475:1482 the remaining seven isolates 1455:1482 the remaining seven isolates 1455:1482 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 7 18 theme isolate 819:825 arg1 peptidoglycan 797:809 the peptidoglycan 793:809 the peptidoglycan of this isolate 793:825 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of this isolate was ornithine. 28604332 2 19 dep Takamatsuzuka 257:269 arg1 the 253:255 the 253:255 the 253:255 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 2 20 theme Gram-stain-positive 134:152 arg1 rods 188:191 Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods 134:191 Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods 134:191 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 1 21 theme stone 69:73 arg1 chamber 75:81 the stone chamber 65:81 the stone chamber of ancient tumulus 65:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the stone chamber of ancient tumulus. 28604332 7 22 theme peptidoglycan 797:809 arg1 acid 785:788 The diagnostic diamino acid 762:788 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of this isolate 762:825 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of this isolate was ornithine. 28604332 7 22 theme peptidoglycan 797:809 arg1 ornithine 831:839 ornithine 831:839 ornithine 831:839 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of this isolate was ornithine. 28604332 3 23 theme genus 413:417 arg1 Microbacterium 419:432 the genus Microbacterium 409:432 the genus Microbacterium 409:432 Among them, one strain, T7528-3-6bT, was shown to form a novel lineage within the genus Microbacterium. 28604332 0 24 theme tumbae 15:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Microbacterium tumbae sp 0:23 Microbacterium tumbae sp. 0:24 Microbacterium tumbae sp. 28604332 4 25 theme related 469:475 arg1 panaciterrae 519:530 Microbacterium panaciterrae 504:530 Microbacterium panaciterrae 504:530 The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT was Microbacterium panaciterrae, with 97.8 % sequence similarity. 28604332 4 25 theme related 469:475 arg1 species 477:483 The most closely phylogenetically related species 435:483 The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT 435:498 The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT was Microbacterium panaciterrae, with 97.8 % sequence similarity. 28604332 5 26 theme major 570:574 arg1 quinones 587:594 The major isoprenoid quinones 566:594 The major isoprenoid quinones of T7528-3-6bT 566:609 The major isoprenoid quinones of T7528-3-6bT were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11. 28604332 5 26 theme major 570:574 arg1 MK-12 616:620 MK-12 616:620 MK-12 616:620 The major isoprenoid quinones of T7528-3-6bT were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11. 28604332 2 27 from chambers 241:248 arg1 village 298:304 Asuka village 292:304 Asuka village 292:304 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 2 28 attach isolated 198:205 arg1 samples 212:218 samples 212:218 samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 212:328 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 2 28 attach isolated 198:205 arg2 strains 109:115 Eight strains 103:115 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods 103:191 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 0 29 theme Microbacterium 0:13 arg1 sp 22:23 Microbacterium tumbae sp 0:23 Microbacterium tumbae sp. 0:24 Microbacterium tumbae sp. 28604332 4 30 theme sequence 545:552 arg1 similarity 554:563 97.8 % sequence similarity 538:563 97.8 % sequence similarity 538:563 The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT was Microbacterium panaciterrae, with 97.8 % sequence similarity. 28604332 14 31 theme further 1602:1608 arg1 comparisons 1632:1642 further detailed multifaceted comparisons 1602:1642 further detailed multifaceted comparisons 1602:1642 Although the sequence similarity between the two was 99.2 %, further detailed multifaceted comparisons are needed to determine their accurate taxonomic assignment. 28604332 5 32 theme isoprenoid 576:585 arg1 quinones 587:594 The major isoprenoid quinones 566:594 The major isoprenoid quinones of T7528-3-6bT 566:609 The major isoprenoid quinones of T7528-3-6bT were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11. 28604332 5 32 theme isoprenoid 576:585 arg1 MK-12 616:620 MK-12 616:620 MK-12 616:620 The major isoprenoid quinones of T7528-3-6bT were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11. 28604332 10 33 theme chemotaxonomic 1081:1094 arg1 tests 1096:1100 physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1050:1100 physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1050:1100 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 1 34 attach isolated 51:58 arg2 actinobacterium 35:49 an actinobacterium 32:49 an actinobacterium isolated from the stone chamber of ancient tumulus 32:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the stone chamber of ancient tumulus. 28604332 1 34 attach isolated 51:58 arg1 chamber 75:81 the stone chamber 65:81 the stone chamber of ancient tumulus 65:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the stone chamber of ancient tumulus. 28604332 10 35 theme molecular 1106:1114 arg1 analysis 1129:1136 molecular phylogenetic analysis 1106:1136 molecular phylogenetic analysis 1106:1136 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 6 36 dep anteiso-C15  699:710 arg1 iso-C15  749:756 iso-C15  749:756 iso-C15  749:756 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 6 36 dep anteiso-C15  699:710 arg1  0 742:743  0 742:743  0 742:743 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 6 36 dep anteiso-C15  699:710 arg1  0 758:759  0 758:759  0 758:759 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 6 36 dep anteiso-C15  699:710 arg1  0 729:730  0 729:730  0 729:730 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 6 36 dep anteiso-C15  699:710 arg1  0 712:713  0 712:713  0 712:713 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 1 37 theme ancient 86:92 arg1 tumulus 94:100 ancient tumulus 86:100 ancient tumulus 86:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the stone chamber of ancient tumulus. 28604332 8 38 theme polar 848:852 arg1 lipids 854:859 Major polar lipids 842:859 Major polar lipids of the isolate 842:874 Major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28604332 9 39 theme G+C 957:959 arg1 % 1016:1016 70.1 mol% 1008:1016 70.1 mol% 1008:1016 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate was 70.1 mol%. 28604332 9 39 theme G+C 957:959 arg1 content 961:967 The G+C content 953:967 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate 953:1002 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate was 70.1 mol%. 28604332 10 40 theme biochemical 1065:1075 arg1 tests 1096:1100 physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1050:1100 physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1050:1100 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 1 41 theme tumulus 94:100 arg1 chamber 75:81 the stone chamber 65:81 the stone chamber of ancient tumulus 65:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the stone chamber of ancient tumulus. 28604332 7 42 theme diamino 777:783 arg1 acid 785:788 The diagnostic diamino acid 762:788 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of this isolate 762:825 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of this isolate was ornithine. 28604332 7 42 theme diamino 777:783 arg1 ornithine 831:839 ornithine 831:839 ornithine 831:839 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of this isolate was ornithine. 28604332 1 43 dep actinobacterium 35:49 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the stone chamber of ancient tumulus. 28604332 10 44 theme name 1237:1240 arg1 sp 1252:1253 the name M. tumbae sp 1233:1253 the name M. tumbae sp 1233:1253 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 12 45 theme type 1284:1287 arg1 T7528-3-6bT 1299:1309 T7528-3-6bT 1299:1309 T7528-3-6bT (=JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T) 1299:1336 The type strain is T7528-3-6bT (=JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T). 28604332 12 45 theme type 1284:1287 arg1 strain 1289:1294 The type strain 1280:1294 The type strain 1280:1294 The type strain is T7528-3-6bT (=JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T). 28604332 6 46 theme fatty 665:669 arg1 anteiso-C15  699:710 anteiso-C15  699:710 anteiso-C15  699:710 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 6 46 theme fatty 665:669 arg1 acids 671:675 The predominant cellular fatty acids 640:675 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate 640:692 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 13 47 theme rRNA 1404:1407 arg1 sequence 1414:1421 16S rRNA gene sequence 1400:1421 16S rRNA gene sequence 1400:1421 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 3 48 theme novel 388:392 arg1 lineage 394:400 a novel lineage 386:400 a novel lineage 386:400 Among them, one strain, T7528-3-6bT, was shown to form a novel lineage within the genus Microbacterium. 28604332 10 49 theme physiological 1050:1062 arg1 tests 1096:1100 physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1050:1100 physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1050:1100 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 12 50 theme 28836T=NCIMB 1317:1328 arg1 T7528-3-6bT 1299:1309 T7528-3-6bT 1299:1309 T7528-3-6bT (=JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T) 1299:1336 The type strain is T7528-3-6bT (=JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T). 28604332 12 50 theme 28836T=NCIMB 1317:1328 arg1 15039T 1330:1335 =JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T 1312:1335 =JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T 1312:1335 The type strain is T7528-3-6bT (=JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T). 28604332 2 51 theme non-motile 177:186 arg1 rods 188:191 Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods 134:191 Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods 134:191 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 14 52 theme sequence 1554:1561 arg1 similarity 1563:1572 the sequence similarity 1550:1572 the sequence similarity between the two 1550:1588 Although the sequence similarity between the two was 99.2 %, further detailed multifaceted comparisons are needed to determine their accurate taxonomic assignment. 28604332 14 52 theme sequence 1554:1561 arg1 % 1599:1599 99.2 % 1594:1599 99.2 % 1594:1599 Although the sequence similarity between the two was 99.2 %, further detailed multifaceted comparisons are needed to determine their accurate taxonomic assignment. 28604332 13 53 theme gene 1409:1412 arg1 sequence 1414:1421 16S rRNA gene sequence 1400:1421 16S rRNA gene sequence 1400:1421 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 10 54 theme phylogenetic 1116:1127 arg1 analysis 1129:1136 molecular phylogenetic analysis 1106:1136 molecular phylogenetic analysis 1106:1136 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 10 55 theme tumbae 1245:1250 arg1 sp 1252:1253 the name M. tumbae sp 1233:1253 the name M. tumbae sp 1233:1253 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 4 56 theme % 543:543 arg1 similarity 554:563 97.8 % sequence similarity 538:563 97.8 % sequence similarity 538:563 The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT was Microbacterium panaciterrae, with 97.8 % sequence similarity. 28604332 2 57 theme stone 235:239 arg1 chambers 241:248 stone chambers 235:248 stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 235:328 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 8 58 theme isolate 868:874 arg1 lipids 854:859 Major polar lipids 842:859 Major polar lipids of the isolate 842:874 Major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28604332 9 59 theme genomic 976:982 arg1 DNA 984:986 the genomic DNA 972:986 the genomic DNA of this isolate 972:1002 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate was 70.1 mol%. 28604332 4 60 theme 97.8  538:542 arg1 % 543:543 % 543:543 % 543:543 The most closely phylogenetically related species to T7528-3-6bT was Microbacterium panaciterrae, with 97.8 % sequence similarity. 28604332 13 61 theme phenotypic 1374:1383 arg1 characteristics 1424:1438 both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics 1369:1438 both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics 1369:1438 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 6 62 theme cellular 656:663 arg1 anteiso-C15  699:710 anteiso-C15  699:710 anteiso-C15  699:710 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 6 62 theme cellular 656:663 arg1 acids 671:675 The predominant cellular fatty acids 640:675 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate 640:692 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 10 63 theme tests 1096:1100 arg1 results 1039:1045 the results 1035:1045 the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis 1035:1136 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 14 64 theme multifaceted 1619:1630 arg1 comparisons 1632:1642 further detailed multifaceted comparisons 1602:1642 further detailed multifaceted comparisons 1602:1642 Although the sequence similarity between the two was 99.2 %, further detailed multifaceted comparisons are needed to determine their accurate taxonomic assignment. 28604332 6 65 theme predominant 644:654 arg1 anteiso-C15  699:710 anteiso-C15  699:710 anteiso-C15  699:710 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 6 65 theme predominant 644:654 arg1 acids 671:675 The predominant cellular fatty acids 640:675 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate 640:692 The predominant cellular fatty acids for this isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28604332 12 66 theme =JCM 1312:1315 arg1 T7528-3-6bT 1299:1309 T7528-3-6bT 1299:1309 T7528-3-6bT (=JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T) 1299:1336 The type strain is T7528-3-6bT (=JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T). 28604332 12 66 theme =JCM 1312:1315 arg1 15039T 1330:1335 =JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T 1312:1335 =JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T 1312:1335 The type strain is T7528-3-6bT (=JCM 28836T=NCIMB 15039T). 28604332 2 67 theme tumuli 282:287 arg1 chambers 241:248 stone chambers 235:248 stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 235:328 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 14 68 theme detailed 1610:1617 arg1 comparisons 1632:1642 further detailed multifaceted comparisons 1602:1642 further detailed multifaceted comparisons 1602:1642 Although the sequence similarity between the two was 99.2 %, further detailed multifaceted comparisons are needed to determine their accurate taxonomic assignment. 28604332 13 69 theme genotypic 1389:1397 arg1 characteristics 1424:1438 both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics 1369:1438 both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics 1369:1438 The results of comparisons of both phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence) characteristics indicated that the remaining seven isolates were very closely related to Microbacterium shaanxiense. 28604332 2 70 from village 298:304 arg1 chambers 241:248 stone chambers 235:248 stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 235:328 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 8 71 theme Major 842:846 arg1 lipids 854:859 Major polar lipids 842:859 Major polar lipids of the isolate 842:874 Major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28604332 10 72 theme genus 1201:1205 arg1 Microbacterium 1207:1220 the genus Microbacterium 1197:1220 the genus Microbacterium 1197:1220 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 28604332 2 73 theme Takamatsuzuka 257:269 arg1 chambers 241:248 stone chambers 235:248 stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 235:328 Eight strains characterised as Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods were isolated from samples collected from stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora tumuli in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 28604332 7 74 theme diagnostic 766:775 arg1 acid 785:788 The diagnostic diamino acid 762:788 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of this isolate 762:825 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of this isolate was ornithine. 28604332 7 74 theme diagnostic 766:775 arg1 ornithine 831:839 ornithine 831:839 ornithine 831:839 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of this isolate was ornithine. 28604332 9 75 theme isolate 996:1002 arg1 DNA 984:986 the genomic DNA 972:986 the genomic DNA of this isolate 972:1002 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this isolate was 70.1 mol%. 28604332 14 76 theme accurate 1674:1681 arg1 assignment 1693:1702 their accurate taxonomic assignment 1668:1702 their accurate taxonomic assignment 1668:1702 Although the sequence similarity between the two was 99.2 %, further detailed multifaceted comparisons are needed to determine their accurate taxonomic assignment. 28604332 8 77 theme unknown 933:939 arg1 glycolipid 941:950 an unknown glycolipid 930:950 an unknown glycolipid 930:950 Major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28604332 10 78 theme analysis 1129:1136 arg1 results 1039:1045 the results 1035:1045 the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis 1035:1136 On the basis of the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis, T7528-3-6bT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name M. tumbae sp. 27207513 0 0 theme Acid 83:86 arg1 Synthesis 88:96 Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis 69:96 Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis 69:96 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 2 1 theme liver 450:454 arg1 content 460:466 net liver fat content 446:466 net liver fat content 446:466 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 7 2 theme triglyceride 1317:1328 arg1 secretion 1330:1338 increased triglyceride secretion 1307:1338 increased triglyceride secretion 1307:1338 This is likely to be explained by increased triglyceride secretion as observed by hypertriglyceridemia. 27207513 7 3 theme increased 1307:1315 arg1 secretion 1330:1338 increased triglyceride secretion 1307:1338 increased triglyceride secretion 1307:1338 This is likely to be explained by increased triglyceride secretion as observed by hypertriglyceridemia. 27207513 3 4 theme <11.2 751:755 arg1 mU/L 757:760 mU/L 757:760 mU/L 757:760 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 5 5 theme NI 1066:1067 arg1 subjects 1069:1076 NI subjects 1066:1076 NI subjects 1066:1076 However, de novo lipogenesis was higher and fatty acid oxidation was lower in HI individuals compared with NI subjects. 27207513 0 6 theme Fatty 77:81 arg1 Synthesis 88:96 Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis 69:96 Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis 69:96 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 1 7 theme triglyceride 307:318 arg1 export 320:325 triglyceride export 307:325 triglyceride export from the liver 307:340 Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. 27207513 2 8 theme healthy 560:566 arg1 men 568:570 healthy men 560:570 healthy men 560:570 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 2 9 theme resistance 614:623 arg1 degrees 595:601 varying degrees 587:601 varying degrees of insulin resistance 587:623 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 4 10 theme visceral 945:952 arg1 fat 954:956 marginally more visceral fat 929:956 marginally more visceral fat 929:956 Liver fat content was similar between HI and NI individuals, despite HI subjects having marginally more visceral fat. 27207513 5 11 theme de 968:969 arg1 lipogenesis 976:986 de novo lipogenesis 968:986 de novo lipogenesis was higher 968:997 However, de novo lipogenesis was higher and fatty acid oxidation was lower in HI individuals compared with NI subjects. 27207513 5 12 theme acid 1009:1012 arg1 oxidation 1014:1022 fatty acid oxidation 1003:1022 fatty acid oxidation 1003:1022 However, de novo lipogenesis was higher and fatty acid oxidation was lower in HI individuals compared with NI subjects. 27207513 2 13 theme insulin 606:612 arg1 resistance 614:623 insulin resistance 606:623 insulin resistance 606:623 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 4 14 theme more 940:943 arg1 fat 954:956 marginally more visceral fat 929:956 marginally more visceral fat 929:956 Liver fat content was similar between HI and NI individuals, despite HI subjects having marginally more visceral fat. 27207513 0 15 from Content 145:151 arg1 Adults 164:169 Healthy Adults 156:169 Healthy Adults 156:169 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 2 16 theme fasted 475:480 arg1 states 499:504 the fasted and postprandial states 471:504 the fasted and postprandial states 471:504 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 0 17 from Changes 58:64 arg1 Partitioning 102:113 Partitioning 102:113 Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults 102:169 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 0 17 from Changes 58:64 arg1 Synthesis 88:96 Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis 69:96 Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis 69:96 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 3 18 dep hyperinsulinemic 774:789 arg1 = 834:834 = 834:834 = 834:834 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 3 18 dep hyperinsulinemic 774:789 arg1 HI 792:793 HI 792:793 HI 792:793 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 3 19 theme >11.2 820:824 arg1 mU/L 826:829 mU/L 826:829 mU/L 826:829 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 0 20 theme Prior 115:119 arg1 Partitioning 102:113 Partitioning 102:113 Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults 102:169 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 2 21 theme varying 587:593 arg1 degrees 595:601 varying degrees 587:601 varying degrees of insulin resistance 587:623 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 3 22 theme fasting 797:803 arg1 insulin 812:818 fasting plasma insulin 797:818 fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L 797:829 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 5 23 theme HI 1037:1038 arg1 individuals 1040:1050 HI individuals 1037:1050 HI individuals 1037:1050 However, de novo lipogenesis was higher and fatty acid oxidation was lower in HI individuals compared with NI subjects. 27207513 2 24 theme stable-isotope 515:528 arg1 methodologies 537:549 stable-isotope tracer methodologies 515:549 stable-isotope tracer methodologies 515:549 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 2 25 theme metabolic 361:369 arg1 consequences 371:382 the metabolic consequences 357:382 the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states 357:504 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 4 26 theme Liver 841:845 arg1 content 851:857 Liver fat content 841:857 Liver fat content 841:857 Liver fat content was similar between HI and NI individuals, despite HI subjects having marginally more visceral fat. 27207513 6 27 theme liver 1222:1226 arg1 content 1232:1238 liver fat content 1222:1238 liver fat content 1222:1238 These data suggest that metabolic pathways promoting fat accumulation are enhanced in HI but, paradoxically, without any significant effect on liver fat content when observed in healthy people. 27207513 6 28 theme fat 1132:1134 arg1 accumulation 1136:1147 fat accumulation 1132:1147 fat accumulation 1132:1147 These data suggest that metabolic pathways promoting fat accumulation are enhanced in HI but, paradoxically, without any significant effect on liver fat content when observed in healthy people. 27207513 2 29 theme partitioning 417:428 arg1 consequences 371:382 the metabolic consequences 357:382 the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states 357:504 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 2 30 with men 568:570 arg1 degrees 595:601 varying degrees 587:601 varying degrees of insulin resistance 587:623 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 4 31 theme fat 847:849 arg1 content 851:857 Liver fat content 841:857 Liver fat content 841:857 Liver fat content was similar between HI and NI individuals, despite HI subjects having marginally more visceral fat. 27207513 0 32 theme Plasma 8:13 arg1 Concentrations 23:36 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations 0:36 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations 0:36 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 2 33 theme net 446:448 arg1 content 460:466 net liver fat content 446:466 net liver fat content 446:466 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 2 34 theme content 460:466 arg1 consequences 371:382 the metabolic consequences 357:382 the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states 357:504 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 2 35 theme tracer 530:535 arg1 methodologies 537:549 stable-isotope tracer methodologies 515:549 stable-isotope tracer methodologies 515:549 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 0 36 theme Fasting 0:6 arg1 Concentrations 23:36 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations 0:36 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations 0:36 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 1 37 theme fatty 250:254 arg1 synthesis 261:269 fatty acid synthesis 250:269 fatty acid synthesis 250:269 Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. 27207513 2 38 with women 576:580 arg1 degrees 595:601 varying degrees 587:601 varying degrees of insulin resistance 587:623 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 2 39 theme synthesis 406:414 arg1 consequences 371:382 the metabolic consequences 357:382 the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states 357:504 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 1 40 theme acid 256:259 arg1 synthesis 261:269 fatty acid synthesis 250:269 fatty acid synthesis 250:269 Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. 27207513 2 41 theme fatty 395:399 arg1 synthesis 406:414 hepatic fatty acid synthesis 387:414 hepatic fatty acid synthesis 387:414 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 0 42 theme Insulin 15:21 arg1 Concentrations 23:36 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations 0:36 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations 0:36 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 6 43 from effect 1212:1217 arg1 content 1232:1238 liver fat content 1222:1238 liver fat content 1222:1238 These data suggest that metabolic pathways promoting fat accumulation are enhanced in HI but, paradoxically, without any significant effect on liver fat content when observed in healthy people. 27207513 6 44 theme significant 1200:1210 arg1 effect 1212:1217 any significant effect 1196:1217 any significant effect on liver fat content 1196:1238 These data suggest that metabolic pathways promoting fat accumulation are enhanced in HI but, paradoxically, without any significant effect on liver fat content when observed in healthy people. 27207513 2 45 theme hepatic 387:393 arg1 synthesis 406:414 hepatic fatty acid synthesis 387:414 hepatic fatty acid synthesis 387:414 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 3 46 theme mU/L 826:829 arg1 insulin 812:818 fasting plasma insulin 797:818 fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L 797:829 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 0 47 theme Liver 135:139 arg1 Content 145:151 Liver Fat Content 135:151 Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults 135:169 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 6 48 theme metabolic 1103:1111 arg1 pathways 1113:1120 metabolic pathways 1103:1120 metabolic pathways promoting fat accumulation 1103:1147 These data suggest that metabolic pathways promoting fat accumulation are enhanced in HI but, paradoxically, without any significant effect on liver fat content when observed in healthy people. 27207513 4 49 theme HI 879:880 arg1 individuals 889:899 HI and NI individuals 879:899 HI and NI individuals 879:899 Liver fat content was similar between HI and NI individuals, despite HI subjects having marginally more visceral fat. 27207513 2 50 theme postprandial 486:497 arg1 states 499:504 the fasted and postprandial states 471:504 the fasted and postprandial states 471:504 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 0 51 from Changes 124:130 arg1 Content 145:151 Liver Fat Content 135:151 Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults 135:169 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 2 52 theme meal 665:668 arg1 consumption 642:652 consumption 642:652 consumption of a mixed meal 642:668 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 1 53 theme insulin 200:206 arg1 action 190:195 the action 186:195 the action of insulin 186:206 Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. 27207513 2 54 theme oxidation 431:439 arg1 consequences 371:382 the metabolic consequences 357:382 the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states 357:504 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 3 55 theme fasting 728:734 arg1 insulin 743:749 fasting plasma insulin 728:749 fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L 728:760 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 2 56 theme mixed 659:663 arg1 meal 665:668 a mixed meal 657:668 a mixed meal 657:668 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 5 57 theme fatty 1003:1007 arg1 oxidation 1014:1022 fatty acid oxidation 1003:1022 fatty acid oxidation 1003:1022 However, de novo lipogenesis was higher and fatty acid oxidation was lower in HI individuals compared with NI subjects. 27207513 4 58 theme NI 886:887 arg1 individuals 889:899 HI and NI individuals 879:899 HI and NI individuals 879:899 Liver fat content was similar between HI and NI individuals, despite HI subjects having marginally more visceral fat. 27207513 5 59 dep de 968:969 arg1 novo 971:974 novo 971:974 novo 971:974 However, de novo lipogenesis was higher and fatty acid oxidation was lower in HI individuals compared with NI subjects. 27207513 0 60 theme Fat 141:143 arg1 Content 145:151 Liver Fat Content 135:151 Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults 135:169 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 0 61 theme Healthy 156:162 arg1 Adults 164:169 Healthy Adults 156:169 Healthy Adults 156:169 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 4 62 theme HI 910:911 arg1 subjects 913:920 HI subjects 910:920 HI subjects 910:920 Liver fat content was similar between HI and NI individuals, despite HI subjects having marginally more visceral fat. 27207513 3 63 theme mU/L 757:760 arg1 insulin 743:749 fasting plasma insulin 728:749 fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L 728:760 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 2 64 used used 510:513 arg2 we 507:508 we 507:508 we 507:508 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 3 65 theme plasma 805:810 arg1 insulin 812:818 fasting plasma insulin 797:818 fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L 797:829 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 3 66 dep = 765:765 arg1 insulin 743:749 fasting plasma insulin 728:749 fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L 728:760 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 6 67 theme healthy 1257:1263 arg1 people 1265:1270 healthy people 1257:1270 healthy people 1257:1270 These data suggest that metabolic pathways promoting fat accumulation are enhanced in HI but, paradoxically, without any significant effect on liver fat content when observed in healthy people. 27207513 1 68 theme fatty 216:220 arg1 acid 222:225 fatty acid 216:225 fatty acid delivery to the liver 216:247 Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. 27207513 0 69 theme Hepatic 69:75 arg1 Synthesis 88:96 Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis 69:96 Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis 69:96 Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. 27207513 2 70 from consequences 371:382 arg1 states 499:504 the fasted and postprandial states 471:504 the fasted and postprandial states 471:504 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 3 71 theme plasma 736:741 arg1 insulin 743:749 fasting plasma insulin 728:749 fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L 728:760 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 1 72 theme acid 222:225 arg1 delivery 227:234 fatty acid delivery 216:234 fatty acid delivery to the liver 216:247 Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. 27207513 2 73 theme fat 456:458 arg1 content 460:466 net liver fat content 446:466 net liver fat content 446:466 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 3 74 dep normoinsulinemic 705:720 arg1 = 765:765 = 765:765 = 765:765 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 3 74 dep normoinsulinemic 705:720 arg1 NI 723:724 NI 723:724 NI 723:724 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 2 75 theme acid 401:404 arg1 synthesis 406:414 hepatic fatty acid synthesis 387:414 hepatic fatty acid synthesis 387:414 To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. 27207513 3 76 dep = 834:834 arg1 insulin 812:818 fasting plasma insulin 797:818 fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L 797:829 Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). 27207513 1 77 from liver 336:340 arg1 synthesis 261:269 fatty acid synthesis 250:269 fatty acid synthesis 250:269 Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. 27207513 1 77 from liver 336:340 arg1 delivery 227:234 fatty acid delivery 216:234 fatty acid delivery to the liver 216:247 Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. 27207513 1 77 from liver 336:340 arg1 export 320:325 triglyceride export 307:325 triglyceride export from the liver 307:340 Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. 27207513 1 77 from liver 336:340 arg1 oxidation 275:283 oxidation 275:283 oxidation 275:283 Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. 27207513 6 78 theme fat 1228:1230 arg1 content 1232:1238 liver fat content 1222:1238 liver fat content 1222:1238 These data suggest that metabolic pathways promoting fat accumulation are enhanced in HI but, paradoxically, without any significant effect on liver fat content when observed in healthy people. 27423072 5 0 theme enzyme 1163:1168 arg1 activity 1170:1177 decreased enzyme activity 1153:1177 decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase 1153:1195 This study also showed that decreased VPE enzyme activity due to suppression of SlVPE5 by RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase. 27423072 7 1 theme protein 1449:1455 arg1 synthesis 1417:1425 de novo synthesis 1409:1425 de novo synthesis of the acid invertase protein to suppress enzyme activity 1409:1483 These results suggest that SlVPE5 regulates post-transcriptional processing through de novo synthesis of the acid invertase protein to suppress enzyme activity, thereby eventually ensuring sucrose hydrolysis. 27423072 7 2 theme invertase 1439:1447 arg1 protein 1449:1455 the acid invertase protein 1430:1455 the acid invertase protein 1430:1455 These results suggest that SlVPE5 regulates post-transcriptional processing through de novo synthesis of the acid invertase protein to suppress enzyme activity, thereby eventually ensuring sucrose hydrolysis. 27423072 6 3 dep identified 1210:1219 arg1 correlated 1272:1281 correlated 1272:1281 identified the enzyme activity of acid invertase was not well correlated with mRNA levels in the RNAi-SlVPE5 line 1210:1322 Further, we identified the enzyme activity of acid invertase was not well correlated with mRNA levels in the RNAi-SlVPE5 line. 27423072 3 4 theme VPE 778:780 arg1 activity 789:796 the VPE enzyme activity 774:796 the VPE enzyme activity 774:796 We have previously characterized VPE genes (SlVPE1-5) during fruit development in tomato and discovered that the VPE enzyme activity negatively interfered with sugar accumulation in mature fruits. 27423072 0 5 theme invertase 84:92 arg1 process 73:79 post-transcriptional process 52:79 post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato 52:126 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 27423072 5 6 theme RNAi 1108:1111 arg1 RNAi-SlVPE5 1123:1133 RNAi-SlVPE5 1123:1133 RNAi-SlVPE5 1123:1133 This study also showed that decreased VPE enzyme activity due to suppression of SlVPE5 by RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase. 27423072 5 6 theme RNAi 1108:1111 arg1 strategy 1113:1120 RNAi strategy 1108:1120 RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase 1108:1195 This study also showed that decreased VPE enzyme activity due to suppression of SlVPE5 by RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase. 27423072 1 7 from impact 315:320 arg1 acceptability 329:341 the acceptability 325:341 the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings 325:378 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 2 8 theme enzyme 651:656 arg1 action 621:626 the action 617:626 the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) 617:662 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 6 9 theme acid 1244:1247 arg1 invertase 1249:1257 acid invertase 1244:1257 acid invertase 1244:1257 Further, we identified the enzyme activity of acid invertase was not well correlated with mRNA levels in the RNAi-SlVPE5 line. 27423072 5 10 theme acid 1182:1185 arg1 invertase 1187:1195 acid invertase 1182:1195 acid invertase 1182:1195 This study also showed that decreased VPE enzyme activity due to suppression of SlVPE5 by RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase. 27423072 4 11 theme molecular 941:949 arg1 targets 951:957 the molecular targets 937:957 the molecular targets 937:957 Comparative proteomic analysis demonstrated that acid invertase was one of the molecular targets of SlVPE5, which is involved in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 27423072 0 12 from Involvement 0:10 arg1 process 73:79 post-transcriptional process 52:79 post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato 52:126 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 27423072 2 13 theme mature 589:594 arg1 forms 596:600 mature forms 589:600 mature forms 589:600 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 2 14 theme processing 640:649 arg1 VPE 659:661 VPE 659:661 VPE 659:661 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 2 14 theme processing 640:649 arg1 enzyme 651:656 vacuolar processing enzyme 631:656 vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) 631:662 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 6 15 from levels 1293:1298 arg1 line 1319:1322 the RNAi-SlVPE5 line 1303:1322 the RNAi-SlVPE5 line 1303:1322 Further, we identified the enzyme activity of acid invertase was not well correlated with mRNA levels in the RNAi-SlVPE5 line. 27423072 5 16 theme invertase 1187:1195 arg1 activity 1170:1177 decreased enzyme activity 1153:1177 decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase 1153:1195 This study also showed that decreased VPE enzyme activity due to suppression of SlVPE5 by RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase. 27423072 0 17 theme sucrose 97:103 arg1 accumulation 105:116 sucrose accumulation 97:116 sucrose accumulation in tomato 97:126 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 27423072 1 18 theme sensory 346:352 arg1 responses 354:362 sensory responses 346:362 sensory responses 346:362 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 4 19 theme Comparative 862:872 arg1 analysis 884:891 Comparative proteomic analysis 862:891 Comparative proteomic analysis 862:891 Comparative proteomic analysis demonstrated that acid invertase was one of the molecular targets of SlVPE5, which is involved in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 27423072 2 20 theme vacuolar 631:638 arg1 VPE 659:661 VPE 659:661 VPE 659:661 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 2 20 theme vacuolar 631:638 arg1 enzyme 651:656 vacuolar processing enzyme 631:656 vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) 631:662 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 1 21 theme sugar 259:263 arg1 accumulation 265:276 sugar accumulation 259:276 sugar accumulation 259:276 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 1 22 theme responses 354:362 arg1 acceptability 329:341 the acceptability 325:341 the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings 325:378 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 7 23 theme de 1409:1410 arg1 synthesis 1417:1425 de novo synthesis 1409:1425 de novo synthesis of the acid invertase protein to suppress enzyme activity 1409:1483 These results suggest that SlVPE5 regulates post-transcriptional processing through de novo synthesis of the acid invertase protein to suppress enzyme activity, thereby eventually ensuring sucrose hydrolysis. 27423072 1 24 theme fundamental 168:178 arg1 role 180:183 a fundamental role 166:183 a fundamental role 166:183 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 4 25 theme targets 951:957 arg1 targets 951:957 the molecular targets 937:957 the molecular targets 937:957 Comparative proteomic analysis demonstrated that acid invertase was one of the molecular targets of SlVPE5, which is involved in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 27423072 4 25 theme targets 951:957 arg1 one 930:932 one 930:932 one 930:932 Comparative proteomic analysis demonstrated that acid invertase was one of the molecular targets of SlVPE5, which is involved in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 27423072 3 26 theme VPE 698:700 arg1 genes 702:706 VPE genes 698:706 VPE genes (SlVPE1-5) 698:717 We have previously characterized VPE genes (SlVPE1-5) during fruit development in tomato and discovered that the VPE enzyme activity negatively interfered with sugar accumulation in mature fruits. 27423072 3 26 theme VPE 698:700 arg1 SlVPE1-5 709:716 SlVPE1-5 709:716 SlVPE1-5 709:716 We have previously characterized VPE genes (SlVPE1-5) during fruit development in tomato and discovered that the VPE enzyme activity negatively interfered with sugar accumulation in mature fruits. 27423072 4 27 theme sucrose 1009:1015 arg1 hydrolysis 995:1004 the hydrolysis 991:1004 the hydrolysis of sucrose 991:1015 Comparative proteomic analysis demonstrated that acid invertase was one of the molecular targets of SlVPE5, which is involved in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 27423072 1 28 theme human 367:371 arg1 beings 373:378 human beings 367:378 human beings 367:378 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 6 29 theme enzyme 1225:1230 arg1 activity 1232:1239 the enzyme activity 1221:1239 the enzyme activity of acid invertase 1221:1257 Further, we identified the enzyme activity of acid invertase was not well correlated with mRNA levels in the RNAi-SlVPE5 line. 27423072 3 30 theme fruit 726:730 arg1 development 732:742 fruit development 726:742 fruit development in tomato 726:752 We have previously characterized VPE genes (SlVPE1-5) during fruit development in tomato and discovered that the VPE enzyme activity negatively interfered with sugar accumulation in mature fruits. 27423072 3 31 from development 732:742 arg1 tomato 747:752 tomato 747:752 tomato 747:752 We have previously characterized VPE genes (SlVPE1-5) during fruit development in tomato and discovered that the VPE enzyme activity negatively interfered with sugar accumulation in mature fruits. 27423072 3 32 from accumulation 831:842 arg1 fruits 854:859 mature fruits 847:859 mature fruits 847:859 We have previously characterized VPE genes (SlVPE1-5) during fruit development in tomato and discovered that the VPE enzyme activity negatively interfered with sugar accumulation in mature fruits. 27423072 2 33 theme cell 421:424 arg1 compartments 426:437 cell compartments 421:437 cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites 421:490 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 2 33 theme cell 421:424 arg1 Vacuoles 381:388 Vacuoles 381:388 Vacuoles in plants 381:398 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 5 34 theme decreased 1153:1161 arg1 activity 1170:1177 decreased enzyme activity 1153:1177 decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase 1153:1195 This study also showed that decreased VPE enzyme activity due to suppression of SlVPE5 by RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase. 27423072 2 35 theme vacuolar 531:538 arg1 proteins 540:547 vacuolar proteins 531:547 vacuolar proteins 531:547 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 1 36 contain have 307:310 arg2 impact 315:320 an impact 312:320 an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings 312:378 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 1 36 contain have 307:310 arg1 acid 250:253 acid 250:253 acid 250:253 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 1 36 contain have 307:310 arg1 factors 294:300 significant factors 282:300 significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings 282:378 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 1 36 contain have 307:310 arg1 compositions 226:237 volatile compositions 217:237 volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation 217:276 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 1 37 theme fruit 198:202 arg1 quality 204:210 fruit quality 198:210 fruit quality 198:210 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 0 38 theme vacuolar 15:22 arg1 SlVPE5 42:47 vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 15:47 vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 15:47 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 27423072 1 39 theme significant 282:292 arg1 acid 250:253 acid 250:253 acid 250:253 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 1 39 theme significant 282:292 arg1 factors 294:300 significant factors 282:300 significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings 282:378 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 1 39 theme significant 282:292 arg1 compositions 226:237 volatile compositions 217:237 volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation 217:276 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 7 40 dep de 1409:1410 arg1 novo 1412:1415 novo 1412:1415 novo 1412:1415 These results suggest that SlVPE5 regulates post-transcriptional processing through de novo synthesis of the acid invertase protein to suppress enzyme activity, thereby eventually ensuring sucrose hydrolysis. 27423072 0 41 theme SlVPE5 42:47 arg1 Involvement 0:10 Involvement 0:10 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 0:127 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 27423072 5 42 theme VPE 1056:1058 arg1 activity 1067:1074 VPE enzyme activity 1056:1074 VPE enzyme activity 1056:1074 This study also showed that decreased VPE enzyme activity due to suppression of SlVPE5 by RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase. 27423072 7 43 theme post-transcriptional 1369:1388 arg1 processing 1390:1399 post-transcriptional processing 1369:1399 post-transcriptional processing 1369:1399 These results suggest that SlVPE5 regulates post-transcriptional processing through de novo synthesis of the acid invertase protein to suppress enzyme activity, thereby eventually ensuring sucrose hydrolysis. 27423072 0 44 theme enzyme 35:40 arg1 SlVPE5 42:47 vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 15:47 vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 15:47 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 27423072 2 45 theme lytic 508:512 arg1 Vacuoles 381:388 Vacuoles 381:388 Vacuoles in plants 381:398 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 2 45 theme lytic 508:512 arg1 organelles 514:523 lytic organelles 508:523 lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) 508:662 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 5 46 theme enzyme 1060:1065 arg1 activity 1067:1074 VPE enzyme activity 1056:1074 VPE enzyme activity 1056:1074 This study also showed that decreased VPE enzyme activity due to suppression of SlVPE5 by RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase. 27423072 0 47 theme processing 24:33 arg1 SlVPE5 42:47 vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 15:47 vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 15:47 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 27423072 0 48 theme post-transcriptional 52:71 arg1 process 73:79 post-transcriptional process 52:79 post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato 52:126 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 27423072 6 49 theme mRNA 1288:1291 arg1 levels 1293:1298 mRNA levels 1288:1298 mRNA levels in the RNAi-SlVPE5 line 1288:1322 Further, we identified the enzyme activity of acid invertase was not well correlated with mRNA levels in the RNAi-SlVPE5 line. 27423072 0 50 from process 73:79 arg1 accumulation 105:116 sucrose accumulation 97:116 sucrose accumulation in tomato 97:126 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 27423072 7 51 theme acid 1434:1437 arg1 protein 1449:1455 the acid invertase protein 1430:1455 the acid invertase protein 1430:1455 These results suggest that SlVPE5 regulates post-transcriptional processing through de novo synthesis of the acid invertase protein to suppress enzyme activity, thereby eventually ensuring sucrose hydrolysis. 27423072 7 52 theme enzyme 1469:1474 arg1 activity 1476:1483 enzyme activity 1469:1483 enzyme activity 1469:1483 These results suggest that SlVPE5 regulates post-transcriptional processing through de novo synthesis of the acid invertase protein to suppress enzyme activity, thereby eventually ensuring sucrose hydrolysis. 27423072 6 53 theme RNAi-SlVPE5 1307:1317 arg1 line 1319:1322 the RNAi-SlVPE5 line 1303:1322 the RNAi-SlVPE5 line 1303:1322 Further, we identified the enzyme activity of acid invertase was not well correlated with mRNA levels in the RNAi-SlVPE5 line. 27423072 4 54 theme SlVPE5 962:967 arg1 targets 951:957 the molecular targets 937:957 the molecular targets 937:957 Comparative proteomic analysis demonstrated that acid invertase was one of the molecular targets of SlVPE5, which is involved in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 27423072 4 55 theme proteomic 874:882 arg1 analysis 884:891 Comparative proteomic analysis 862:891 Comparative proteomic analysis 862:891 Comparative proteomic analysis demonstrated that acid invertase was one of the molecular targets of SlVPE5, which is involved in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 27423072 4 56 theme acid 911:914 arg1 invertase 916:924 acid invertase 911:924 acid invertase 911:924 Comparative proteomic analysis demonstrated that acid invertase was one of the molecular targets of SlVPE5, which is involved in the hydrolysis of sucrose. 27423072 7 57 theme sucrose 1514:1520 arg1 hydrolysis 1522:1531 sucrose hydrolysis 1514:1531 sucrose hydrolysis 1514:1531 These results suggest that SlVPE5 regulates post-transcriptional processing through de novo synthesis of the acid invertase protein to suppress enzyme activity, thereby eventually ensuring sucrose hydrolysis. 27423072 2 58 from Vacuoles 381:388 arg1 plants 393:398 plants 393:398 plants 393:398 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 3 59 theme mature 847:852 arg1 fruits 854:859 mature fruits 847:859 mature fruits 847:859 We have previously characterized VPE genes (SlVPE1-5) during fruit development in tomato and discovered that the VPE enzyme activity negatively interfered with sugar accumulation in mature fruits. 27423072 1 60 theme volatile 217:224 arg1 acid 250:253 acid 250:253 acid 250:253 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 1 60 theme volatile 217:224 arg1 factors 294:300 significant factors 282:300 significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings 282:378 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 1 60 theme volatile 217:224 arg1 compositions 226:237 volatile compositions 217:237 volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation 217:276 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 0 61 from accumulation 105:116 arg1 tomato 121:126 tomato 121:126 tomato 121:126 Involvement of vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE5 in post-transcriptional process of invertase in sucrose accumulation in tomato. 27423072 2 62 theme other 474:478 arg1 metabolites 480:490 other metabolites 474:490 other metabolites 474:490 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 3 63 theme sugar 825:829 arg1 accumulation 831:842 sugar accumulation 825:842 sugar accumulation in mature fruits 825:859 We have previously characterized VPE genes (SlVPE1-5) during fruit development in tomato and discovered that the VPE enzyme activity negatively interfered with sugar accumulation in mature fruits. 27423072 3 64 theme enzyme 782:787 arg1 activity 789:796 the VPE enzyme activity 774:796 the VPE enzyme activity 774:796 We have previously characterized VPE genes (SlVPE1-5) during fruit development in tomato and discovered that the VPE enzyme activity negatively interfered with sugar accumulation in mature fruits. 27423072 2 65 theme amino 450:454 arg1 acids 456:460 amino acids 450:460 amino acids 450:460 Vacuoles in plants not only function as cell compartments that store amino acids, sugars and other metabolites but also act as lytic organelles where vacuolar proteins are post-translationally processed into mature forms or degraded by the action of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE). 27423072 5 66 theme SlVPE5 1098:1103 arg1 suppression 1083:1093 suppression 1083:1093 suppression of SlVPE5 by RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase 1083:1195 This study also showed that decreased VPE enzyme activity due to suppression of SlVPE5 by RNAi strategy (RNAi-SlVPE5) accompanied with decreased enzyme activity of acid invertase. 27423072 1 67 theme fruits 153:158 arg1 flavor 143:148 the flavor 139:148 the flavor of fruits 139:158 Enhancing the flavor of fruits plays a fundamental role in improving fruit quality, and volatile compositions as well as acid and sugar accumulation are significant factors that have an impact on the acceptability of sensory responses by human beings. 27423072 6 68 theme invertase 1249:1257 arg1 activity 1232:1239 the enzyme activity 1221:1239 the enzyme activity of acid invertase 1221:1257 Further, we identified the enzyme activity of acid invertase was not well correlated with mRNA levels in the RNAi-SlVPE5 line. 28304272 3 0 theme Comparative 298:308 arg1 analysis 333:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T belongs to the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales. 28304272 7 1 theme phenotypic 1017:1026 arg1 properties 1028:1037 chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties 992:1037 chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties 992:1037 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 4 2 dep Vagococcus 531:540 arg1 lutrae 542:547 lutrae 542:547 lutrae 542:547 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 5 3 theme genus 706:710 arg1 Vagococcus 712:721 the genus Vagococcus 702:721 the genus Vagococcus 702:721 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 4 4 theme 96.5  562:566 arg1 similarity 569:578 96.5 % similarity 562:578 96.5 % similarity 562:578 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 4 4 theme 96.5  562:566 arg1 39187T 554:559 Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T 531:559 Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) 531:579 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 3 5 theme 16S 310:312 arg1 analysis 333:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T belongs to the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales. 28304272 3 6 from Vagococcus 387:396 arg1 Enterococcaceae 412:426 the family Enterococcaceae 401:426 the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales 401:449 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T belongs to the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales. 28304272 5 7 theme cell-wall 812:820 arg1 type 836:839 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 808:839 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 808:839 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 6 8 theme DNA 911:913 arg1 % 925:925 44 mol% 919:925 44 mol% 919:925 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44 mol%. 28304272 6 8 theme DNA 911:913 arg1 content 888:894 The G+C content 880:894 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 880:913 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44 mol%. 28304272 2 9 theme Gram-stain-positive 85:103 arg1 bacterium 132:140 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium 83:140 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium 83:140 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain C25T, was isolated from the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28304272 6 10 theme genomic 903:909 arg1 DNA 911:913 the genomic DNA 899:913 the genomic DNA 899:913 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44 mol%. 28304272 7 11 theme type 1099:1102 arg1 strains 1104:1110 closely related type strains 1083:1110 closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus 1083:1134 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 4 12 theme gene 461:464 arg1 analysis 475:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 452:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 452:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 7 13 theme other 1011:1015 arg1 properties 1028:1037 chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties 992:1037 chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties 992:1037 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 9 14 theme type 1246:1249 arg1 C25T 1261:1264 C25T 1261:1264 C25T (=KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T) 1261:1292 The type strain is C25T (=KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T). 28304272 9 14 theme type 1246:1249 arg1 strain 1251:1256 The type strain 1242:1256 The type strain 1242:1256 The type strain is C25T (=KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T). 28304272 1 15 attach isolated 29:36 arg1 soil 43:46 soil 43:46 soil 43:46 nov., isolated from soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass. 28304272 1 15 attach isolated 29:36 arg2 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov., isolated from soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass. 28304272 3 16 theme sequence 324:331 arg1 analysis 333:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T belongs to the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales. 28304272 4 17 theme rRNA 456:459 arg1 analysis 475:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 452:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 452:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 7 18 theme name 1196:1199 arg1 sp 1220:1221 the name Vagococcus humatus sp 1192:1221 the name Vagococcus humatus sp 1192:1221 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 7 19 theme Vagococcus 1201:1210 arg1 sp 1220:1221 the name Vagococcus humatus sp 1192:1221 the name Vagococcus humatus sp 1192:1221 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 4 20 theme % 567:567 arg1 similarity 569:578 96.5 % similarity 562:578 96.5 % similarity 562:578 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 4 20 theme % 567:567 arg1 39187T 554:559 Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T 531:559 Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) 531:579 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 7 21 theme chemotaxonomic 992:1005 arg1 properties 1028:1037 chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties 992:1037 chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties 992:1037 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 1 22 theme decomposing 58:68 arg1 carcass 74:80 a decomposing pig carcass 56:80 a decomposing pig carcass 56:80 nov., isolated from soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass. 28304272 7 23 theme related 1091:1097 arg1 strains 1104:1110 closely related type strains 1083:1110 closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus 1083:1134 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 0 24 theme humatus 11:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Vagococcus humatus sp 0:20 Vagococcus humatus sp. 0:21 Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 4 25 theme sequence 466:473 arg1 analysis 475:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 452:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 452:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 7 26 theme genus 1119:1123 arg1 Vagococcus 1125:1134 the genus Vagococcus 1115:1134 the genus Vagococcus 1115:1134 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 7 27 theme Vagococcus 1125:1134 arg1 strains 1104:1110 closely related type strains 1083:1110 closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus 1083:1134 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 1 28 theme pig 70:72 arg1 carcass 74:80 a decomposing pig carcass 56:80 a decomposing pig carcass 56:80 nov., isolated from soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass. 28304272 7 29 theme phylogenetic 944:955 arg1 inference 957:965 phylogenetic inference 944:965 phylogenetic inference 944:965 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 2 30 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 bacterium 132:140 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium 83:140 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium 83:140 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain C25T, was isolated from the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28304272 2 30 attach isolated 171:178 arg1 soil 189:192 the soil 185:192 the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea 185:235 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain C25T, was isolated from the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28304272 0 31 theme Vagococcus 0:9 arg1 sp 19:20 Vagococcus humatus sp 0:20 Vagococcus humatus sp. 0:21 Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 5 32 theme meso-diaminopimelic 854:872 arg1 acid 874:877 meso-diaminopimelic acid 854:877 meso-diaminopimelic acid 854:877 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 3 33 theme family 405:410 arg1 Enterococcaceae 412:426 the family Enterococcaceae 401:426 the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales 401:449 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T belongs to the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales. 28304272 3 34 theme strain 354:359 arg1 C25T 361:364 strain C25T 354:364 strain C25T 354:364 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T belongs to the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales. 28304272 4 35 theme Vagococcus 531:540 arg1 similarity 569:578 96.5 % similarity 562:578 96.5 % similarity 562:578 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 4 35 theme Vagococcus 531:540 arg1 39187T 554:559 Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T 531:559 Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) 531:579 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 5 36 theme C25T 667:670 arg1 consistent 677:686 consistent 677:686 consistent 677:686 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 5 36 theme C25T 667:670 arg1 properties 646:655 The chemotaxonomic properties 627:655 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T 627:670 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 7 37 from species 1159:1165 arg1 genus 1175:1179 this genus 1170:1179 this genus 1170:1179 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 2 38 theme taxonomic 278:286 arg1 approach 288:295 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 265:295 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 265:295 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain C25T, was isolated from the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28304272 7 39 dep Vagococcus 1201:1210 arg1 humatus 1212:1218 humatus 1212:1218 humatus 1212:1218 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 5 40 with consistent 677:686 arg1 those 693:697 those 693:697 those 693:697 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 6 41 theme G+C 884:886 arg1 % 925:925 44 mol% 919:925 44 mol% 919:925 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44 mol%. 28304272 6 41 theme G+C 884:886 arg1 content 888:894 The G+C content 880:894 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 880:913 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44 mol%. 28304272 7 42 theme acid 974:977 arg1 profile 979:985 fatty acid profile 968:985 fatty acid profile 968:985 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 2 43 theme polyphasic 267:276 arg1 approach 288:295 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 265:295 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 265:295 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain C25T, was isolated from the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28304272 4 44 theme LMG 607:609 arg1 8895T 611:615 Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T 585:615 Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %) 585:624 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 4 44 theme LMG 607:609 arg1 % 623:623 95.8 % 618:623 95.8 % 618:623 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 5 45 theme cellular 734:741 arg1 acids 749:753 the major cellular fatty acids 724:753 the major cellular fatty acids 724:753 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 4 46 theme CCUG 549:552 arg1 similarity 569:578 96.5 % similarity 562:578 96.5 % similarity 562:578 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 4 46 theme CCUG 549:552 arg1 39187T 554:559 Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T 531:559 Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) 531:579 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 2 47 theme pig 216:218 arg1 carcass 220:226 a decomposing pig carcass 202:226 a decomposing pig carcass 202:226 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain C25T, was isolated from the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28304272 5 48 theme fatty 743:747 arg1 acids 749:753 the major cellular fatty acids 724:753 the major cellular fatty acids 724:753 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 5 49 theme major 728:732 arg1 acids 749:753 the major cellular fatty acids 724:753 the major cellular fatty acids 724:753 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 4 50 theme 16S 452:454 arg1 rRNA 456:459 16S rRNA 452:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 452:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 2 51 theme decomposing 204:214 arg1 carcass 220:226 a decomposing pig carcass 202:226 a decomposing pig carcass 202:226 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain C25T, was isolated from the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28304272 3 52 theme Lactobacillales 435:449 arg1 Enterococcaceae 412:426 the family Enterococcaceae 401:426 the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales 401:449 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T belongs to the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales. 28304272 2 53 dep Gram-stain-positive 85:103 arg1 non-motile 106:115 non-motile 106:115 non-motile 106:115 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain C25T, was isolated from the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28304272 2 53 dep Gram-stain-positive 85:103 arg1 coccus-shaped 118:130 coccus-shaped 118:130 coccus-shaped 118:130 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain C25T, was isolated from the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28304272 5 54 theme chemotaxonomic 631:644 arg1 consistent 677:686 consistent 677:686 consistent 677:686 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 5 54 theme chemotaxonomic 631:644 arg1 properties 646:655 The chemotaxonomic properties 627:655 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T 627:670 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 2 55 theme strain 154:159 arg1 C25T 161:164 strain C25T 154:164 strain C25T 154:164 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain C25T, was isolated from the soil beneath a decomposing pig carcass in Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28304272 5 56 theme peptidoglycan 822:834 arg1 type 836:839 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 808:839 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 808:839 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 3 57 theme genus 381:385 arg1 Vagococcus 387:396 the genus Vagococcus 377:396 the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales 377:449 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T belongs to the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales. 28304272 7 58 theme fatty 968:972 arg1 profile 979:985 fatty acid profile 968:985 fatty acid profile 968:985 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 4 59 dep Enterococcus 585:596 arg1 termitis 598:605 termitis 598:605 termitis 598:605 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 7 60 theme strain 1040:1045 arg1 C25T 1047:1050 strain C25T 1040:1050 strain C25T 1040:1050 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 5 61 theme strain 660:665 arg1 C25T 667:670 strain C25T 660:670 strain C25T 660:670 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain C25T were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus; the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω9c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28304272 4 62 theme strain 496:501 arg1 C25T 503:506 strain C25T 496:506 strain C25T 496:506 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 3 63 theme rRNA 314:317 arg1 analysis 333:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T belongs to the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales. 28304272 7 64 dep inference 957:965 arg1 the 931:933 the 931:933 the 931:933 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 7 64 dep inference 957:965 arg1 basis 935:939 basis 935:939 basis 935:939 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 7 65 theme novel 1153:1157 arg1 species 1159:1165 a novel species 1151:1165 a novel species 1151:1165 On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile, and chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain C25T is clearly differentiated from closely related type strains of the genus Vagococcus and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Vagococcus humatus sp. 28304272 9 66 theme =KEMB 1267:1271 arg1 C25T 1261:1264 C25T 1261:1264 C25T (=KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T) 1261:1292 The type strain is C25T (=KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T). 28304272 9 66 theme =KEMB 1267:1271 arg1 31581T 1286:1291 =KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T 1267:1291 =KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T 1267:1291 The type strain is C25T (=KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T). 28304272 3 67 theme gene 319:322 arg1 analysis 333:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:340 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T belongs to the genus Vagococcus in the family Enterococcaceae of the Lactobacillales. 28304272 6 68 theme 44 mol 919:924 arg1 % 925:925 44 mol% 919:925 44 mol% 919:925 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44 mol%. 28304272 6 68 theme 44 mol 919:924 arg1 content 888:894 The G+C content 880:894 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 880:913 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44 mol%. 28304272 9 69 theme 562-002T=JCM 1273:1284 arg1 C25T 1261:1264 C25T 1261:1264 C25T (=KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T) 1261:1292 The type strain is C25T (=KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T). 28304272 9 69 theme 562-002T=JCM 1273:1284 arg1 31581T 1286:1291 =KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T 1267:1291 =KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T 1267:1291 The type strain is C25T (=KEMB 562-002T=JCM 31581T). 28304272 4 70 theme Enterococcus 585:596 arg1 8895T 611:615 Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T 585:615 Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %) 585:624 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 28304272 4 70 theme Enterococcus 585:596 arg1 % 623:623 95.8 % 618:623 95.8 % 618:623 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C25T was closely related to Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (96.5 % similarity) and Enterococcus termitis LMG 8895T (95.8 %). 25190152 4 0 theme drug 1050:1053 arg1 release 1055:1061 drug release 1050:1061 drug release 1050:1061 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 4 1 theme commercial 1221:1230 arg1 tablets 1232:1238 commercial tablets 1221:1238 commercial tablets 1221:1238 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 3 2 theme floating 881:888 arg1 tablets 890:896 floating tablets 881:896 floating tablets 881:896 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 2 3 theme foaming 502:508 arg1 agent 510:514 foaming agent 502:514 foaming agent to float by gas-forming 502:538 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 2 3 theme foaming 502:508 arg1 tablets 337:343 the floating tablets 324:343 the floating tablets 324:343 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 3 4 theme design 725:730 arg1 method 749:754 central composite design response surface method 707:754 central composite design response surface method 707:754 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 1 5 theme troxipide 191:199 arg1 tablets 180:186 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets 146:186 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide 146:199 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 1 5 theme troxipide 191:199 arg1 study 215:219 a further study 205:219 a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability 205:267 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 5 6 theme good 1332:1335 arg1 property 1345:1352 a good release property 1330:1352 a good release property 1330:1352 So a conclusion was finally drawn that the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property could be suitable for demands of design. 25190152 3 7 theme response 732:739 arg1 method 749:754 central composite design response surface method 707:754 central composite design response surface method 707:754 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 2 8 theme compression 311:321 arg1 circumstances 280:292 the circumstances 276:292 the circumstances of direct powder compression 276:321 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 4 9 theme lower 1123:1127 arg1 Cmax 1129:1132 a lower Cmax 1121:1132 a lower Cmax 1121:1132 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 3 10 dep in 810:811 arg1 vivo 813:816 vivo 813:816 vivo 813:816 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 3 11 theme accumulative 563:574 arg1 amount 584:589 accumulative release amount 563:589 accumulative release amount 563:589 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 2 12 theme powder 304:309 arg1 compression 311:321 direct powder compression 297:321 direct powder compression 297:321 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 3 13 used utilized 618:625 arg2 amount 584:589 accumulative release amount 563:589 accumulative release amount 563:589 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 3 13 used utilized 618:625 arg2 time 554:557 floating time 545:557 floating time 545:557 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 4 14 theme pharmacokinetic 1085:1099 arg1 parameters 1101:1110 more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters 1067:1110 more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters 1067:1110 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 4 14 theme pharmacokinetic 1085:1099 arg1 Cmax 1129:1132 a lower Cmax 1121:1132 a lower Cmax 1121:1132 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 4 14 theme pharmacokinetic 1085:1099 arg1 bioavailability 1171:1185 an equivalent bioavailability 1157:1185 an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets 1157:1238 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 4 14 theme pharmacokinetic 1085:1099 arg1 Tmax 1147:1150 a prolonged Tmax 1135:1150 a prolonged Tmax 1135:1150 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 3 15 theme formulation 772:782 arg1 optimization 784:795 formulation optimization 772:795 formulation optimization 772:795 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 1 16 from tablets 180:186 arg1 bioavailability 253:267 in vivo bioavailability 245:267 in vivo bioavailability 245:267 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 1 16 from tablets 180:186 arg1 release 233:239 in vitro release 224:239 in vitro release 224:239 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 2 17 theme direct 297:302 arg1 compression 311:321 direct powder compression 297:321 direct powder compression 297:321 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 4 18 theme better 1015:1020 arg1 capability 1022:1031 a better capability 1013:1031 a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets 1013:1238 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 3 19 from study 834:838 arg1 beagles 843:849 beagles 843:849 beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control 843:939 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 3 20 theme oral 857:860 arg1 administration 862:875 oral administration 857:875 oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control 857:939 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 1 21 theme further 207:213 arg1 study 215:219 a further study 205:219 a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability 205:267 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 2 22 theme floating 461:468 arg1 agent 470:474 floating agent 461:474 floating agent 461:474 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 5 23 contain possessing 1319:1328 arg1 suitable 1363:1370 suitable 1363:1370 suitable 1363:1370 So a conclusion was finally drawn that the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property could be suitable for demands of design. 25190152 5 23 contain possessing 1319:1328 arg2 property 1345:1352 a good release property 1330:1352 a good release property 1330:1352 So a conclusion was finally drawn that the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property could be suitable for demands of design. 25190152 5 23 contain possessing 1319:1328 arg1 tablets 1311:1317 the floating sustained-release tablets 1280:1317 the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property 1280:1352 So a conclusion was finally drawn that the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property could be suitable for demands of design. 25190152 5 24 theme design 1387:1392 arg1 demands 1376:1382 demands 1376:1382 demands of design 1376:1392 So a conclusion was finally drawn that the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property could be suitable for demands of design. 25190152 2 25 theme floating 328:335 arg1 agent 510:514 foaming agent 502:514 foaming agent to float by gas-forming 502:538 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 2 25 theme floating 328:335 arg1 tablets 337:343 the floating tablets 324:343 the floating tablets 324:343 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 5 26 theme floating 1284:1291 arg1 suitable 1363:1370 suitable 1363:1370 suitable 1363:1370 So a conclusion was finally drawn that the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property could be suitable for demands of design. 25190152 5 26 theme floating 1284:1291 arg1 tablets 1311:1317 the floating sustained-release tablets 1280:1317 the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property 1280:1352 So a conclusion was finally drawn that the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property could be suitable for demands of design. 25190152 4 27 theme floating 973:980 arg1 tablets 1000:1006 the floating sustained-release tablets 969:1006 the floating sustained-release tablets 969:1006 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 3 28 theme release 576:582 arg1 amount 584:589 accumulative release amount 563:589 accumulative release amount 563:589 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 3 29 theme evaluation 594:603 arg1 indexes 605:611 evaluation indexes 594:611 evaluation indexes 594:611 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 3 30 theme floating 545:552 arg1 time 554:557 floating time 545:557 floating time 545:557 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 1 31 theme research 118:125 arg1 purpose 102:108 The purpose 98:108 The purpose of this research 98:125 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 4 32 theme equivalent 1160:1169 arg1 bioavailability 1171:1185 an equivalent bioavailability 1157:1185 an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets 1157:1238 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 1 33 theme in 224:225 arg1 release 233:239 in vitro release 224:239 in vitro release 224:239 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 0 34 theme gastro-floating 42:56 arg1 tablets 76:82 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets 42:82 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide 42:95 Preparation and pharmacokinetics study on gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide. 25190152 4 35 theme prolonged 1137:1145 arg1 Tmax 1147:1150 a prolonged Tmax 1135:1150 a prolonged Tmax 1135:1150 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 2 36 theme matrix 429:434 arg1 material 436:443 assistant matrix material 419:443 assistant matrix material 419:443 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 3 37 theme pharmacokinetic 818:832 arg1 study 834:838 in vivo pharmacokinetic study 810:838 in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control 810:939 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 4 38 theme sustained-release 982:998 arg1 tablets 1000:1006 the floating sustained-release tablets 969:1006 the floating sustained-release tablets 969:1006 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 3 39 theme single-factor 667:679 arg1 test 681:684 pre-experiment screening and single-factor test 638:684 test 681:684 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 2 40 theme assistant 419:427 arg1 material 436:443 assistant matrix material 419:443 assistant matrix material 419:443 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 2 41 theme sodium 480:485 arg1 bicarbonate 487:497 sodium bicarbonate 480:497 sodium bicarbonate 480:497 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 1 42 dep in 245:246 arg1 vivo 248:251 vivo 248:251 vivo 248:251 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 0 43 theme sustained-release 58:74 arg1 tablets 76:82 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets 42:82 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide 42:95 Preparation and pharmacokinetics study on gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide. 25190152 3 44 theme in 810:811 arg1 study 834:838 in vivo pharmacokinetic study 810:838 in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control 810:939 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 3 45 theme central 707:713 arg1 method 749:754 central composite design response surface method 707:754 central composite design response surface method 707:754 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 3 46 theme composite 715:723 arg1 method 749:754 central composite design response surface method 707:754 central composite design response surface method 707:754 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 3 47 dep time 554:557 arg1 The 541:543 The 541:543 The 541:543 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 3 48 theme pre-experiment 638:651 arg1 screening 653:661 pre-experiment screening and single-factor test 638:684 screening 653:661 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 1 49 theme sustained-release 162:178 arg1 tablets 180:186 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets 146:186 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide 146:199 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 1 50 theme gastro-floating 146:160 arg1 tablets 180:186 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets 146:186 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide 146:199 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 1 51 theme in 245:246 arg1 bioavailability 253:267 in vivo bioavailability 245:267 in vivo bioavailability 245:267 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 0 52 theme troxipide 87:95 arg1 tablets 76:82 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets 42:82 gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide 42:95 Preparation and pharmacokinetics study on gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide. 25190152 5 53 theme release 1337:1343 arg1 property 1345:1352 a good release property 1330:1352 a good release property 1330:1352 So a conclusion was finally drawn that the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property could be suitable for demands of design. 25190152 1 54 from study 215:219 arg1 bioavailability 253:267 in vivo bioavailability 245:267 in vivo bioavailability 245:267 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 1 54 from study 215:219 arg1 release 233:239 in vitro release 224:239 in vitro release 224:239 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 2 55 theme matrix 390:395 arg1 Carbopol 407:414 Carbopol 407:414 Carbopol 407:414 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 2 55 theme matrix 390:395 arg1 material 397:404 main matrix material 385:404 main matrix material 385:404 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 2 55 theme matrix 390:395 arg1 octadecanol 446:456 octadecanol 446:456 octadecanol 446:456 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 3 56 theme commercial 902:911 arg1 tablets 913:919 commercial tablets 902:919 commercial tablets 902:919 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 5 57 theme sustained-release 1293:1309 arg1 suitable 1363:1370 suitable 1363:1370 suitable 1363:1370 So a conclusion was finally drawn that the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property could be suitable for demands of design. 25190152 5 57 theme sustained-release 1293:1309 arg1 tablets 1311:1317 the floating sustained-release tablets 1280:1317 the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property 1280:1352 So a conclusion was finally drawn that the floating sustained-release tablets possessing a good release property could be suitable for demands of design. 25190152 4 58 theme satisfactory 1072:1083 arg1 parameters 1101:1110 more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters 1067:1110 more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters 1067:1110 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 4 58 theme satisfactory 1072:1083 arg1 Cmax 1129:1132 a lower Cmax 1121:1132 a lower Cmax 1121:1132 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 4 58 theme satisfactory 1072:1083 arg1 bioavailability 1171:1185 an equivalent bioavailability 1157:1185 an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets 1157:1238 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 4 58 theme satisfactory 1072:1083 arg1 Tmax 1147:1150 a prolonged Tmax 1135:1150 a prolonged Tmax 1135:1150 The results indicated that the floating sustained-release tablets held a better capability for floating and drug release and more satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters, such as a lower Cmax, a prolonged Tmax, but an equivalent bioavailability calculated by AUC0-24 compared to commercial tablets. 25190152 3 59 theme surface 741:747 arg1 method 749:754 central composite design response surface method 707:754 central composite design response surface method 707:754 The floating time and accumulative release amount as evaluation indexes were utilized to perform pre-experiment screening and single-factor test, respectively, while central composite design response surface method was applied for formulation optimization, followed by in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagles after oral administration for floating tablets and commercial tablets used as the control. 25190152 1 60 dep in 224:225 arg1 vitro 227:231 vitro 227:231 vitro 227:231 The purpose of this research aimed at preparing gastro-floating sustained-release tablets of troxipide and a further study on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. 25190152 2 61 theme main 385:388 arg1 Carbopol 407:414 Carbopol 407:414 Carbopol 407:414 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 2 61 theme main 385:388 arg1 material 397:404 main matrix material 385:404 main matrix material 385:404 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 25190152 2 61 theme main 385:388 arg1 octadecanol 446:456 octadecanol 446:456 octadecanol 446:456 Under the circumstances of direct powder compression, the floating tablets were successfully prepared with HPMC as main matrix material, Carbopol as assistant matrix material, octadecanol as floating agent and sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent to float by gas-forming. 26687771 0 0 theme Ultrahigh 87:95 arg1 Weight 107:112 Ultrahigh Molecular Weight 87:112 Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene 87:125 Nanocrystalline Cellulose Improves the Biocompatibility and Reduces the Wear Debris of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene via Weak Binding. 26687771 1 1 theme biocompatible 159:171 arg1 nanomaterials 173:185 biocompatible nanomaterials 159:185 biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) 159:239 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 1 2 theme UHMWPE 360:365 arg1 time 352:355 implantation time 339:355 implantation time of UHMWPE 339:365 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 1 2 theme UHMWPE 360:365 arg1 material 382:389 the bearing material 370:389 the bearing material for artificial joints 370:411 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 1 3 theme nanomaterials 173:185 arg1 doping 149:154 The doping 145:154 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris 145:298 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 3 4 theme improved 653:660 arg1 characteristics 675:689 improved tribological characteristics 653:689 improved tribological characteristics 653:689 Compared to pure UHMWPE, the NCC/UHMWPE composite exhibits improved tribological characteristics with reduced generation of wear debris. 26687771 0 5 theme Weight 107:112 arg1 Debris 77:82 the Wear Debris 68:82 the Wear Debris of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene 68:125 Nanocrystalline Cellulose Improves the Biocompatibility and Reduces the Wear Debris of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene via Weak Binding. 26687771 3 6 theme wear 718:721 arg1 debris 723:728 wear debris 718:728 wear debris 718:728 Compared to pure UHMWPE, the NCC/UHMWPE composite exhibits improved tribological characteristics with reduced generation of wear debris. 26687771 5 7 dep hydrophilic 839:849 arg1 rigid 852:856 rigid 852:856 rigid 852:856 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles tend to detach from the UHMWPE surface during friction, which could move with the rubbing surface, serve as a thin lubricant layer, and protect the UHMWPE substrate from abrasion. 26687771 0 8 theme Molecular 97:105 arg1 Weight 107:112 Ultrahigh Molecular Weight 87:112 Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene 87:125 Nanocrystalline Cellulose Improves the Biocompatibility and Reduces the Wear Debris of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene via Weak Binding. 26687771 2 9 dep cellulose 485:493 arg1 material 525:532 a hydrophilic nanosized material 501:532 a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio 501:557 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 2 9 dep cellulose 485:493 arg1 NCC 496:498 NCC 496:498 NCC 496:498 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 6 10 theme composite 1092:1100 arg1 safety 1067:1072 The biological safety 1052:1072 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite 1052:1100 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 6 10 theme composite 1092:1100 arg1 tested 1106:1111 tested 1106:1111 tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells 1106:1173 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 6 10 theme composite 1092:1100 arg1 high 1179:1182 high 1179:1182 high 1179:1182 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 1 11 theme wear 288:291 arg1 debris 293:298 the wear debris 284:298 the wear debris 284:298 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 1 12 theme bearing 374:380 arg1 time 352:355 implantation time 339:355 implantation time of UHMWPE 339:365 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 1 12 theme bearing 374:380 arg1 material 382:389 the bearing material 370:389 the bearing material for artificial joints 370:411 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 0 13 dep Weight 107:112 arg1 Polyethylene 114:125 Polyethylene 114:125 Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene 87:125 Nanocrystalline Cellulose Improves the Biocompatibility and Reduces the Wear Debris of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene via Weak Binding. 26687771 2 14 theme nanosized 515:523 arg1 material 525:532 a hydrophilic nanosized material 501:532 a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio 501:557 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 2 14 theme nanosized 515:523 arg1 NCC 496:498 NCC 496:498 NCC 496:498 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 2 15 with material 525:532 arg1 ratio 553:557 a high aspect ratio 539:557 a high aspect ratio 539:557 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 4 16 theme hydrophilic 795:805 arg1 NCC 807:809 hydrophilic NCC 795:809 hydrophilic NCC 795:809 The underlying mechanism is related to the weak binding between hydrophilic NCC and hydrophobic UHMWPE. 26687771 1 17 theme ultrahigh 192:200 arg1 weight 212:217 ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene 192:230 ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) 192:239 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 1 17 theme ultrahigh 192:200 arg1 UHMWPE 233:238 UHMWPE 233:238 UHMWPE 233:238 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 6 18 theme RAW264.7 1160:1167 arg1 cells 1169:1173 macrophage RAW264.7 cells 1149:1173 macrophage RAW264.7 cells 1149:1173 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 1 19 theme molecular 202:210 arg1 weight 212:217 ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene 192:230 ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) 192:239 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 1 19 theme molecular 202:210 arg1 UHMWPE 233:238 UHMWPE 233:238 UHMWPE 233:238 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 0 20 theme Nanocrystalline 0:14 arg1 Cellulose 16:24 Nanocrystalline Cellulose 0:24 Nanocrystalline Cellulose 0:24 Nanocrystalline Cellulose Improves the Biocompatibility and Reduces the Wear Debris of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene via Weak Binding. 26687771 5 21 theme rubbing 954:960 arg1 surface 962:968 the rubbing surface 950:968 the rubbing surface 950:968 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles tend to detach from the UHMWPE surface during friction, which could move with the rubbing surface, serve as a thin lubricant layer, and protect the UHMWPE substrate from abrasion. 26687771 5 22 theme UHMWPE 896:901 arg1 surface 903:909 the UHMWPE surface 892:909 the UHMWPE surface 892:909 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles tend to detach from the UHMWPE surface during friction, which could move with the rubbing surface, serve as a thin lubricant layer, and protect the UHMWPE substrate from abrasion. 26687771 5 23 theme hydrophilic 839:849 arg1 particles 862:870 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles 835:870 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles 835:870 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles tend to detach from the UHMWPE surface during friction, which could move with the rubbing surface, serve as a thin lubricant layer, and protect the UHMWPE substrate from abrasion. 26687771 4 24 theme weak 774:777 arg1 binding 779:785 the weak binding 770:785 the weak binding between hydrophilic NCC and hydrophobic UHMWPE 770:832 The underlying mechanism is related to the weak binding between hydrophilic NCC and hydrophobic UHMWPE. 26687771 1 25 theme polyethylene 219:230 arg1 weight 212:217 ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene 192:230 ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) 192:239 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 1 25 theme polyethylene 219:230 arg1 UHMWPE 233:238 UHMWPE 233:238 UHMWPE 233:238 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 6 26 theme macrophage 1149:1158 arg1 cells 1169:1173 macrophage RAW264.7 cells 1149:1173 macrophage RAW264.7 cells 1149:1173 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 6 27 with high 1179:1182 arg1 responses/cytotoxicity 1223:1244 significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity 1190:1244 significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE 1190:1261 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 0 28 theme Weak 131:134 arg1 Binding 136:142 Weak Binding 131:142 Weak Binding 131:142 Nanocrystalline Cellulose Improves the Biocompatibility and Reduces the Wear Debris of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene via Weak Binding. 26687771 1 29 theme artificial 395:404 arg1 joints 406:411 artificial joints 395:411 artificial joints 395:411 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 6 30 theme NCC/UHMWPE 1081:1090 arg1 composite 1092:1100 the NCC/UHMWPE composite 1077:1100 the NCC/UHMWPE composite 1077:1100 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 1 31 theme great 306:310 arg1 significance 312:323 great significance 306:323 great significance 306:323 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 2 32 theme aspect 546:551 arg1 ratio 553:557 a high aspect ratio 539:557 a high aspect ratio 539:557 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 3 33 theme tribological 662:673 arg1 characteristics 675:689 improved tribological characteristics 653:689 improved tribological characteristics 653:689 Compared to pure UHMWPE, the NCC/UHMWPE composite exhibits improved tribological characteristics with reduced generation of wear debris. 26687771 6 34 theme pure 1251:1254 arg1 UHMWPE 1256:1261 pure UHMWPE 1251:1261 pure UHMWPE 1251:1261 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 6 35 theme biological 1056:1065 arg1 safety 1067:1072 The biological safety 1052:1072 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite 1052:1100 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 6 35 theme biological 1056:1065 arg1 tested 1106:1111 tested 1106:1111 tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells 1106:1173 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 6 35 theme biological 1056:1065 arg1 high 1179:1182 high 1179:1182 high 1179:1182 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 6 36 dep high 1179:1182 arg1 safety 1067:1072 The biological safety 1052:1072 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite 1052:1100 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 6 36 dep high 1179:1182 arg1 tested 1106:1111 tested 1106:1111 tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells 1106:1173 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 6 36 dep high 1179:1182 arg1 high 1179:1182 high 1179:1182 high 1179:1182 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 2 37 theme high 541:544 arg1 ratio 553:557 a high aspect ratio 539:557 a high aspect ratio 539:557 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 3 38 theme pure 606:609 arg1 UHMWPE 611:616 pure UHMWPE 606:616 pure UHMWPE 606:616 Compared to pure UHMWPE, the NCC/UHMWPE composite exhibits improved tribological characteristics with reduced generation of wear debris. 26687771 7 39 theme promising 1310:1318 arg1 alternative 1320:1330 a promising alternative 1308:1330 a promising alternative to the current UHMWPE for bearing applications 1308:1377 The NCC/UHMWPE composite therefore could be a promising alternative to the current UHMWPE for bearing applications. 26687771 7 39 theme promising 1310:1318 arg1 composite 1279:1287 The NCC/UHMWPE composite 1264:1287 The NCC/UHMWPE composite 1264:1287 The NCC/UHMWPE composite therefore could be a promising alternative to the current UHMWPE for bearing applications. 26687771 2 40 theme nanocrystalline 469:483 arg1 cellulose 485:493 nanocrystalline cellulose 469:493 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) 469:558 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 5 41 theme UHMWPE 1020:1025 arg1 substrate 1027:1035 the UHMWPE substrate 1016:1035 the UHMWPE substrate 1016:1035 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles tend to detach from the UHMWPE surface during friction, which could move with the rubbing surface, serve as a thin lubricant layer, and protect the UHMWPE substrate from abrasion. 26687771 4 42 theme underlying 735:744 arg1 related 759:765 related 759:765 related 759:765 The underlying mechanism is related to the weak binding between hydrophilic NCC and hydrophobic UHMWPE. 26687771 4 42 theme underlying 735:744 arg1 mechanism 746:754 The underlying mechanism 731:754 The underlying mechanism 731:754 The underlying mechanism is related to the weak binding between hydrophilic NCC and hydrophobic UHMWPE. 26687771 7 43 theme current 1339:1345 arg1 UHMWPE 1347:1352 the current UHMWPE 1335:1352 the current UHMWPE 1335:1352 The NCC/UHMWPE composite therefore could be a promising alternative to the current UHMWPE for bearing applications. 26687771 3 44 theme reduced 696:702 arg1 generation 704:713 reduced generation 696:713 reduced generation of wear debris 696:728 Compared to pure UHMWPE, the NCC/UHMWPE composite exhibits improved tribological characteristics with reduced generation of wear debris. 26687771 6 45 theme inflammatory 1210:1221 arg1 responses/cytotoxicity 1223:1244 significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity 1190:1244 significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE 1190:1261 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 2 46 with composite 454:462 arg1 cellulose 485:493 nanocrystalline cellulose 469:493 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) 469:558 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 6 47 theme MC3T3-E1 1116:1123 arg1 cells 1139:1143 MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells 1116:1143 MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells 1116:1143 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 1 48 theme implantation 339:350 arg1 time 352:355 implantation time 339:355 implantation time of UHMWPE 339:365 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 1 48 theme implantation 339:350 arg1 material 382:389 the bearing material 370:389 the bearing material for artificial joints 370:411 The doping of biocompatible nanomaterials into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the wear debris is of great significance to prolonging implantation time of UHMWPE as the bearing material for artificial joints. 26687771 5 49 theme lubricant 987:995 arg1 layer 997:1001 a thin lubricant layer 980:1001 a thin lubricant layer 980:1001 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles tend to detach from the UHMWPE surface during friction, which could move with the rubbing surface, serve as a thin lubricant layer, and protect the UHMWPE substrate from abrasion. 26687771 5 49 theme lubricant 987:995 arg1 which 928:932 which 928:932 which 928:932 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles tend to detach from the UHMWPE surface during friction, which could move with the rubbing surface, serve as a thin lubricant layer, and protect the UHMWPE substrate from abrasion. 26687771 4 50 theme hydrophobic 815:825 arg1 UHMWPE 827:832 hydrophobic UHMWPE 815:832 hydrophobic UHMWPE 815:832 The underlying mechanism is related to the weak binding between hydrophilic NCC and hydrophobic UHMWPE. 26687771 5 51 theme thin 982:985 arg1 layer 997:1001 a thin lubricant layer 980:1001 a thin lubricant layer 980:1001 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles tend to detach from the UHMWPE surface during friction, which could move with the rubbing surface, serve as a thin lubricant layer, and protect the UHMWPE substrate from abrasion. 26687771 5 51 theme thin 982:985 arg1 which 928:932 which 928:932 which 928:932 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles tend to detach from the UHMWPE surface during friction, which could move with the rubbing surface, serve as a thin lubricant layer, and protect the UHMWPE substrate from abrasion. 26687771 3 52 theme NCC/UHMWPE 623:632 arg1 composite 634:642 the NCC/UHMWPE composite 619:642 the NCC/UHMWPE composite 619:642 Compared to pure UHMWPE, the NCC/UHMWPE composite exhibits improved tribological characteristics with reduced generation of wear debris. 26687771 7 53 theme NCC/UHMWPE 1268:1277 arg1 alternative 1320:1330 a promising alternative 1308:1330 a promising alternative to the current UHMWPE for bearing applications 1308:1377 The NCC/UHMWPE composite therefore could be a promising alternative to the current UHMWPE for bearing applications. 26687771 7 53 theme NCC/UHMWPE 1268:1277 arg1 composite 1279:1287 The NCC/UHMWPE composite 1264:1287 The NCC/UHMWPE composite 1264:1287 The NCC/UHMWPE composite therefore could be a promising alternative to the current UHMWPE for bearing applications. 26687771 6 54 theme preosteoblast 1125:1137 arg1 cells 1139:1143 MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells 1116:1143 MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells 1116:1143 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 26687771 2 55 theme hydrophilic 503:513 arg1 material 525:532 a hydrophilic nanosized material 501:532 a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio 501:557 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 2 55 theme hydrophilic 503:513 arg1 NCC 496:498 NCC 496:498 NCC 496:498 This study shows that UHMWPE can form a composite with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC, a hydrophilic nanosized material with a high aspect ratio) by ball-milling and hot-pressing. 26687771 7 56 theme bearing 1358:1364 arg1 applications 1366:1377 bearing applications 1358:1377 bearing applications 1358:1377 The NCC/UHMWPE composite therefore could be a promising alternative to the current UHMWPE for bearing applications. 26687771 5 57 theme NCC 858:860 arg1 particles 862:870 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles 835:870 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles 835:870 The hydrophilic, rigid NCC particles tend to detach from the UHMWPE surface during friction, which could move with the rubbing surface, serve as a thin lubricant layer, and protect the UHMWPE substrate from abrasion. 26687771 0 58 theme Wear 72:75 arg1 Debris 77:82 the Wear Debris 68:82 the Wear Debris of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene 68:125 Nanocrystalline Cellulose Improves the Biocompatibility and Reduces the Wear Debris of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene via Weak Binding. 26687771 3 59 theme debris 723:728 arg1 generation 704:713 reduced generation 696:713 reduced generation of wear debris 696:728 Compared to pure UHMWPE, the NCC/UHMWPE composite exhibits improved tribological characteristics with reduced generation of wear debris. 26687771 6 60 theme lower 1204:1208 arg1 responses/cytotoxicity 1223:1244 significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity 1190:1244 significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE 1190:1261 The biological safety of the NCC/UHMWPE composite, as tested by MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, is high, with significantly lower inflammatory responses/cytotoxicity than pure UHMWPE. 28444854 1 0 from eluates 169:175 arg1 relation 224:231 relation 224:231 relation to their indications and safety data sheets 224:275 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 1 1 theme organic 145:151 arg1 composition 153:163 organic composition 145:163 organic composition 145:163 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 0 2 theme critical 73:80 arg1 considerations 82:95 critical considerations 73:95 critical considerations 73:95 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. 28444854 3 3 theme ethylene 684:691 arg1 dimethacrylate 700:713 ethylene glycol dimethacrylate 684:713 ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) 684:721 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 3 3 theme ethylene 684:691 arg1 EGDMA 716:720 EGDMA 716:720 EGDMA 716:720 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 9 4 theme micro-computed 1506:1519 arg1 tomography 1521:1530 micro-computed tomography 1506:1530 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis 1506:1550 Pores were quantified in all samples by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, which could influence leaching. 28444854 9 4 theme micro-computed 1506:1519 arg1 micro-CT 1533:1540 micro-CT 1533:1540 micro-CT 1533:1540 Pores were quantified in all samples by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, which could influence leaching. 28444854 10 5 theme organic 1589:1595 arg1 substances 1597:1606 The organic substances 1585:1606 The organic substances in the investigated materials 1585:1636 The organic substances in the investigated materials might affect their clinical suitability as capping agents, especially for direct capping procedures. 28444854 2 6 theme LC 341:342 arg1 samples 286:292 Uncured samples 278:292 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC 278:342 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 1 7 theme safety 258:263 arg1 sheets 270:275 safety data sheets 258:275 safety data sheets 258:275 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 0 8 from Analysis 0:7 arg1 materials 62:70 resin-modified pulp capping materials 34:70 resin-modified pulp capping materials 34:70 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. 28444854 1 9 from composition 153:163 arg1 relation 224:231 relation 224:231 relation to their indications and safety data sheets 224:275 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 10 10 theme direct 1712:1717 arg1 procedures 1727:1736 direct capping procedures 1712:1736 direct capping procedures 1712:1736 The organic substances in the investigated materials might affect their clinical suitability as capping agents, especially for direct capping procedures. 28444854 1 11 theme data 265:268 arg1 sheets 270:275 safety data sheets 258:275 safety data sheets 258:275 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 2 12 theme Ultra-Blend 310:320 arg1 Plus 322:325 Ultra-Blend Plus 310:325 Ultra-Blend Plus 310:325 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 10 13 theme capping 1681:1687 arg1 agents 1689:1694 capping agents 1681:1694 capping agents 1681:1694 The organic substances in the investigated materials might affect their clinical suitability as capping agents, especially for direct capping procedures. 28444854 3 14 theme 2-hydroxyethyl 581:594 arg1 HEMA 610:613 HEMA 610:613 HEMA 610:613 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 3 14 theme 2-hydroxyethyl 581:594 arg1 methacrylate 596:607 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 581:607 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 581:614 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 5 15 dep materials 973:981 arg1 contrast 951:958 contrast 951:958 contrast 951:958 In contrast to the other materials analysed, Theracal contained substances of high molecular weight. 28444854 3 16 theme 7-d 519:521 arg1 leachables 523:532 7-d leachables 519:532 7-d leachables 519:532 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 3 17 theme ethyl-4- 724:731 arg1 DMABEE 757:762 DMABEE 757:762 DMABEE 757:762 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 3 17 theme ethyl-4- 724:731 arg1 benzoate 747:754 ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate 724:754 ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE) 724:763 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 4 18 theme similar 816:822 arg1 composition 832:842 A similar organic composition 814:842 A similar organic composition 814:842 A similar organic composition was found for Ultra-Blend and Calcimol; however, only Ultra-Blend is indicated for direct pulp-capping. 28444854 7 19 theme dimethacrylate 1268:1281 arg1 decomposition 1240:1252 decomposition 1240:1252 decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector 1240:1307 We detected HEMA, CQ, and TEGDMA in eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol, and it was considered that HEMA might have originated from decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector. 28444854 2 20 theme Uncured 278:284 arg1 samples 286:292 Uncured samples 278:292 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC 278:342 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 7 21 from GC-injector 1297:1307 arg1 decomposition 1240:1252 decomposition 1240:1252 decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector 1240:1307 We detected HEMA, CQ, and TEGDMA in eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol, and it was considered that HEMA might have originated from decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector. 28444854 6 22 theme data 1060:1063 arg1 incomplete 1094:1103 incomplete 1094:1103 incomplete 1094:1103 The safety data sheets of all materials were incomplete. 28444854 6 22 theme data 1060:1063 arg1 sheets 1065:1070 The safety data sheets 1049:1070 The safety data sheets of all materials 1049:1087 The safety data sheets of all materials were incomplete. 28444854 4 23 theme direct 927:932 arg1 pulp-capping 934:945 direct pulp-capping 927:945 direct pulp-capping 927:945 A similar organic composition was found for Ultra-Blend and Calcimol; however, only Ultra-Blend is indicated for direct pulp-capping. 28444854 8 24 theme other 1449:1453 arg1 materials 1455:1463 the other materials 1445:1463 the other materials 1445:1463 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 3 25 theme leachables 523:532 arg1 Identification/quantification 486:514 Identification/quantification 486:514 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples 486:549 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 6 26 theme safety 1053:1058 arg1 incomplete 1094:1103 incomplete 1094:1103 incomplete 1094:1103 The safety data sheets of all materials were incomplete. 28444854 6 26 theme safety 1053:1058 arg1 sheets 1065:1070 The safety data sheets 1049:1070 The safety data sheets of all materials 1049:1087 The safety data sheets of all materials were incomplete. 28444854 10 27 theme investigated 1615:1626 arg1 materials 1628:1636 the investigated materials 1611:1636 the investigated materials 1611:1636 The organic substances in the investigated materials might affect their clinical suitability as capping agents, especially for direct capping procedures. 28444854 0 28 dep considerations 82:95 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials 0:70 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. 28444854 8 29 located detected 1384:1391 arg1 19.95 1421:1425 19.95 1421:1425 19.95 1421:1425 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 8 29 located detected 1384:1391 arg2 additives 1324:1332 additives 1324:1332 additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) 1324:1377 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 8 29 located detected 1384:1391 arg1 4.11 1412:1415 4.11 1412:1415 4.11 1412:1415 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 8 29 located detected 1384:1391 arg1 amounts 1403:1409 higher amounts 1396:1409 higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials 1396:1463 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 2 30 theme chromatography-mass 372:390 arg1 spectrometry 392:403 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 368:403 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 368:411 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 2 30 theme chromatography-mass 372:390 arg1 GC-MS 406:410 GC-MS 406:410 GC-MS 406:410 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 4 31 theme organic 824:830 arg1 composition 832:842 A similar organic composition 814:842 A similar organic composition 814:842 A similar organic composition was found for Ultra-Blend and Calcimol; however, only Ultra-Blend is indicated for direct pulp-capping. 28444854 1 32 dep composition 153:163 arg1 the 141:143 the 141:143 the 141:143 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 2 33 theme gas 368:370 arg1 spectrometry 392:403 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 368:403 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 368:411 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 2 33 theme gas 368:370 arg1 GC-MS 406:410 GC-MS 406:410 GC-MS 406:410 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 0 34 theme components 20:29 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials 0:70 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. 28444854 8 35 dep 4.11 1412:1415 arg1 mm-2 1430:1433 mm-2 1430:1433 mm-2 1430:1433 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 4 36 theme only 893:896 arg1 Ultra-Blend 898:908 only Ultra-Blend 893:908 only Ultra-Blend 893:908 A similar organic composition was found for Ultra-Blend and Calcimol; however, only Ultra-Blend is indicated for direct pulp-capping. 28444854 2 37 theme LC 306:307 arg1 samples 286:292 Uncured samples 278:292 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC 278:342 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 1 38 theme resin-based 186:196 arg1 materials 211:219 three resin-based pulp-capping materials 180:219 three resin-based pulp-capping materials 180:219 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 0 39 theme organic 12:18 arg1 components 20:29 organic components 12:29 organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials 12:70 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. 28444854 10 40 theme clinical 1657:1664 arg1 suitability 1666:1676 their clinical suitability 1651:1676 their clinical suitability as capping agents, especially for direct capping procedures 1651:1736 The organic substances in the investigated materials might affect their clinical suitability as capping agents, especially for direct capping procedures. 28444854 2 41 theme Theracal 297:304 arg1 LC 306:307 Theracal LC 297:307 Theracal LC 297:307 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 1 42 theme pulp-capping 198:209 arg1 materials 211:219 three resin-based pulp-capping materials 180:219 three resin-based pulp-capping materials 180:219 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 0 43 theme resin-modified 34:47 arg1 materials 62:70 resin-modified pulp capping materials 34:70 resin-modified pulp capping materials 34:70 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. 28444854 3 44 theme dimethylamino 733:745 arg1 DMABEE 757:762 DMABEE 757:762 DMABEE 757:762 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 3 44 theme dimethylamino 733:745 arg1 benzoate 747:754 ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate 724:754 ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE) 724:763 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 8 45 theme light 1350:1354 arg1 curing 1356:1361 light curing 1350:1361 light curing (DMABEE and CQ) 1350:1377 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 1 46 theme materials 211:219 arg1 eluates 169:175 eluates 169:175 eluates 169:175 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 1 46 theme materials 211:219 arg1 composition 153:163 organic composition 145:163 organic composition 145:163 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 7 47 from Ultra-Blend 1155:1165 arg1 eluates 1142:1148 eluates 1142:1148 eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol 1142:1178 We detected HEMA, CQ, and TEGDMA in eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol, and it was considered that HEMA might have originated from decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector. 28444854 2 48 theme chromatography-mass 442:460 arg1 spectrometry 462:473 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 417:473 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) 417:483 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 2 48 theme chromatography-mass 442:460 arg1 UPLC-MS 476:482 UPLC-MS 476:482 UPLC-MS 476:482 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 7 49 from decomposition 1240:1252 arg1 GC-injector 1297:1307 the GC-injector 1293:1307 the GC-injector 1293:1307 We detected HEMA, CQ, and TEGDMA in eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol, and it was considered that HEMA might have originated from decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector. 28444854 8 50 from amounts 1403:1409 arg1 materials 1455:1463 the other materials 1445:1463 the other materials 1445:1463 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 0 51 theme capping 54:60 arg1 materials 62:70 resin-modified pulp capping materials 34:70 resin-modified pulp capping materials 34:70 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. 28444854 3 52 theme cured 537:541 arg1 samples 543:549 cured samples 537:549 cured samples 537:549 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 0 53 from materials 62:70 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials 0:70 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. 28444854 9 54 theme tomography 1521:1530 arg1 analysis 1543:1550 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis 1506:1550 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis 1506:1550 Pores were quantified in all samples by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, which could influence leaching. 28444854 2 55 theme Calcimol 332:339 arg1 LC 341:342 Calcimol LC 332:342 Calcimol LC 332:342 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 0 56 theme pulp 49:52 arg1 materials 62:70 resin-modified pulp capping materials 34:70 resin-modified pulp capping materials 34:70 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. 28444854 7 57 from Calcimol 1171:1178 arg1 eluates 1142:1148 eluates 1142:1148 eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol 1142:1178 We detected HEMA, CQ, and TEGDMA in eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol, and it was considered that HEMA might have originated from decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector. 28444854 10 58 theme capping 1719:1725 arg1 procedures 1727:1736 direct capping procedures 1712:1736 direct capping procedures 1712:1736 The organic substances in the investigated materials might affect their clinical suitability as capping agents, especially for direct capping procedures. 28444854 3 59 theme samples 543:549 arg1 Identification/quantification 486:514 Identification/quantification 486:514 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples 486:549 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 1 60 theme study 118:122 arg1 purpose 102:108 The purpose 98:108 The purpose of this study 98:122 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. 28444854 3 61 theme ethyl 634:638 arg1 DMAEMA 654:659 DMAEMA 654:659 DMAEMA 654:659 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 3 61 theme ethyl 634:638 arg1 methacrylate 640:651 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 617:651 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) 617:660 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 5 62 theme high 1026:1029 arg1 weight 1041:1046 high molecular weight 1026:1046 high molecular weight 1026:1046 In contrast to the other materials analysed, Theracal contained substances of high molecular weight. 28444854 3 63 theme dimethylamino 620:632 arg1 DMAEMA 654:659 DMAEMA 654:659 DMAEMA 654:659 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 3 63 theme dimethylamino 620:632 arg1 methacrylate 640:651 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 617:651 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) 617:660 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 5 64 contain contained 1002:1010 arg2 substances 1012:1021 substances 1012:1021 substances of high molecular weight 1012:1046 In contrast to the other materials analysed, Theracal contained substances of high molecular weight. 28444854 5 64 contain contained 1002:1010 arg1 Theracal 993:1000 Theracal 993:1000 Theracal 993:1000 In contrast to the other materials analysed, Theracal contained substances of high molecular weight. 28444854 3 65 theme glycol 782:787 arg1 TEGDMA 805:810 TEGDMA 805:810 TEGDMA 805:810 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 3 65 theme glycol 782:787 arg1 dimethacrylate 789:802 triethylene glycol dimethacrylate 770:802 triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) 770:811 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 7 66 from dimethacrylate 1268:1281 arg1 GC-injector 1297:1307 the GC-injector 1293:1307 the GC-injector 1293:1307 We detected HEMA, CQ, and TEGDMA in eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol, and it was considered that HEMA might have originated from decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector. 28444854 5 67 theme molecular 1031:1039 arg1 weight 1041:1046 high molecular weight 1026:1046 high molecular weight 1026:1046 In contrast to the other materials analysed, Theracal contained substances of high molecular weight. 28444854 5 68 theme other 967:971 arg1 materials 973:981 the other materials 963:981 the other materials analysed 963:990 In contrast to the other materials analysed, Theracal contained substances of high molecular weight. 28444854 2 69 theme Plus 322:325 arg1 samples 286:292 Uncured samples 278:292 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC 278:342 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 8 70 theme higher 1396:1401 arg1 19.95 1421:1425 19.95 1421:1425 19.95 1421:1425 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 8 70 theme higher 1396:1401 arg1 4.11 1412:1415 4.11 1412:1415 4.11 1412:1415 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 8 70 theme higher 1396:1401 arg1 amounts 1403:1409 higher amounts 1396:1409 higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials 1396:1463 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 5 71 theme weight 1041:1046 arg1 substances 1012:1021 substances 1012:1021 substances of high molecular weight 1012:1046 In contrast to the other materials analysed, Theracal contained substances of high molecular weight. 28444854 3 72 theme glycol 693:698 arg1 dimethacrylate 700:713 ethylene glycol dimethacrylate 684:713 ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) 684:721 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 3 72 theme glycol 693:698 arg1 EGDMA 716:720 EGDMA 716:720 EGDMA 716:720 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 2 73 theme ultra-performance 417:433 arg1 spectrometry 462:473 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 417:473 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) 417:483 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 2 73 theme ultra-performance 417:433 arg1 UPLC-MS 476:482 UPLC-MS 476:482 UPLC-MS 476:482 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 6 74 theme materials 1079:1087 arg1 incomplete 1094:1103 incomplete 1094:1103 incomplete 1094:1103 The safety data sheets of all materials were incomplete. 28444854 6 74 theme materials 1079:1087 arg1 sheets 1065:1070 The safety data sheets 1049:1070 The safety data sheets of all materials 1049:1087 The safety data sheets of all materials were incomplete. 28444854 7 75 theme diurethane 1257:1266 arg1 UDMA 1284:1287 UDMA 1284:1287 UDMA 1284:1287 We detected HEMA, CQ, and TEGDMA in eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol, and it was considered that HEMA might have originated from decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector. 28444854 7 75 theme diurethane 1257:1266 arg1 dimethacrylate 1268:1281 diurethane dimethacrylate 1257:1281 diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector 1257:1307 We detected HEMA, CQ, and TEGDMA in eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol, and it was considered that HEMA might have originated from decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector. 28444854 0 76 from components 20:29 arg1 materials 62:70 resin-modified pulp capping materials 34:70 resin-modified pulp capping materials 34:70 Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. 28444854 2 77 theme liquid 435:440 arg1 spectrometry 462:473 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 417:473 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) 417:483 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 2 77 theme liquid 435:440 arg1 UPLC-MS 476:482 UPLC-MS 476:482 UPLC-MS 476:482 Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). 28444854 10 78 from substances 1597:1606 arg1 materials 1628:1636 the investigated materials 1611:1636 the investigated materials 1611:1636 The organic substances in the investigated materials might affect their clinical suitability as capping agents, especially for direct capping procedures. 28444854 8 79 dep curing 1356:1361 arg1 CQ 1375:1376 CQ 1375:1376 CQ 1375:1376 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 8 79 dep curing 1356:1361 arg1 DMABEE 1364:1369 DMABEE 1364:1369 DMABEE 1364:1369 For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. 28444854 3 80 theme triethylene 770:780 arg1 TEGDMA 805:810 TEGDMA 805:810 TEGDMA 805:810 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 28444854 3 80 theme triethylene 770:780 arg1 dimethacrylate 789:802 triethylene glycol dimethacrylate 770:802 triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) 770:811 Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). 24270091 0 0 theme nucleus 78:84 arg1 repair 95:100 nucleus pulposus repair 78:100 nucleus pulposus repair 78:100 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 5 1 theme reduced 846:852 arg1 hydration 854:862 hydration 854:862 hydration 854:862 This loss of fixed charge results in reduced hydration and loss of disc height; such changes are closely associated with low back pain. 24270091 1 2 theme major 261:265 arg1 aggrecan 307:314 aggrecan 307:314 aggrecan 307:314 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 1 2 theme major 261:265 arg1 collagen 294:301 collagen 294:301 collagen 294:301 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 1 2 theme major 261:265 arg1 components 282:291 its major macromolecular components 257:291 its major macromolecular components 257:291 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 7 3 theme implant 1183:1189 arg1 " 1190:1190 a non-degradable, nuclear "implant" 1156:1190 a non-degradable, nuclear "implant" aimed at restoring disc height to degenerate discs, thereby relieving back pain 1156:1270 These biomimetics are deliverable via injection into the disc where they polymerize in situ, forming a non-degradable, nuclear "implant" aimed at restoring disc height to degenerate discs, thereby relieving back pain. 24270091 2 4 theme tissue 363:368 arg1 hydration 370:378 tissue hydration 363:378 tissue hydration 363:378 The major function of aggrecan is to maintain tissue hydration, and hence disc height, under the high loads imposed by muscle activity and body weight. 24270091 1 5 theme macromolecular 267:280 arg1 aggrecan 307:314 aggrecan 307:314 aggrecan 307:314 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 1 5 theme macromolecular 267:280 arg1 collagen 294:301 collagen 294:301 collagen 294:301 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 1 5 theme macromolecular 267:280 arg1 components 282:291 its major macromolecular components 257:291 its major macromolecular components 257:291 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 7 6 theme degenerate 1226:1235 arg1 discs 1237:1241 degenerate discs 1226:1241 degenerate discs 1226:1241 These biomimetics are deliverable via injection into the disc where they polymerize in situ, forming a non-degradable, nuclear "implant" aimed at restoring disc height to degenerate discs, thereby relieving back pain. 24270091 3 7 theme high 493:496 arg1 Key 469:471 Key 469:471 Key 469:471 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 3 7 theme high 493:496 arg1 charge 513:518 the high negative fixed charge 489:518 the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load 489:690 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 8 8 theme glycosaminoglycan 1289:1305 arg1 analogues 1307:1315 these glycosaminoglycan analogues 1283:1315 these glycosaminoglycan analogues 1283:1315 In vitro, these glycosaminoglycan analogues possess appropriate fixed charge density, hydration and osmotic responsiveness, thereby displaying the capacity to restore disc height and function. 24270091 8 9 theme charge 1343:1348 arg1 density 1350:1356 appropriate fixed charge density 1325:1356 appropriate fixed charge density 1325:1356 In vitro, these glycosaminoglycan analogues possess appropriate fixed charge density, hydration and osmotic responsiveness, thereby displaying the capacity to restore disc height and function. 24270091 1 10 theme components 282:291 arg1 organization 241:252 organization 241:252 organization 241:252 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 1 10 theme components 282:291 arg1 composition 225:235 composition 225:235 composition 225:235 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 0 11 theme pulposus 86:93 arg1 repair 95:100 nucleus pulposus repair 78:100 nucleus pulposus repair 78:100 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 9 12 theme degenerate 1506:1515 arg1 model 1525:1529 a degenerate explant model 1504:1529 a degenerate explant model 1504:1529 Preliminary biomechanical tests using a degenerate explant model showed that the implant adapts to the space into which it is injected and restores stiffness. 24270091 5 13 theme disc 876:879 arg1 height 881:886 disc height 876:886 disc height 876:886 This loss of fixed charge results in reduced hydration and loss of disc height; such changes are closely associated with low back pain. 24270091 0 14 theme biomimetic 103:112 arg1 analogues 132:140 biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues 103:140 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 0:141 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 3 15 theme fixed 507:511 arg1 Key 469:471 Key 469:471 Key 469:471 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 3 15 theme fixed 507:511 arg1 charge 513:518 the high negative fixed charge 489:518 the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load 489:690 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 1 16 theme disc 201:204 arg1 role 174:177 The load-bearing biomechanical role 143:177 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc 143:204 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 7 17 theme non-degradable 1158:1171 arg1 " 1190:1190 a non-degradable, nuclear "implant" 1156:1190 a non-degradable, nuclear "implant" aimed at restoring disc height to degenerate discs, thereby relieving back pain 1156:1270 These biomimetics are deliverable via injection into the disc where they polymerize in situ, forming a non-degradable, nuclear "implant" aimed at restoring disc height to degenerate discs, thereby relieving back pain. 24270091 4 18 theme nucleus 791:797 arg1 pulposus 799:806 the nucleus pulposus 787:806 the nucleus pulposus 787:806 In degenerate discs, aggrecan degrades and is lost from the disc, particularly centrally from the nucleus pulposus. 24270091 0 19 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 hydrogels 11:19 Injectable hydrogels 0:19 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 0:141 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 1 20 theme intervertebral 186:199 arg1 disc 201:204 the intervertebral disc 182:204 the intervertebral disc 182:204 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 3 21 theme negative 498:505 arg1 Key 469:471 Key 469:471 Key 469:471 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 3 21 theme negative 498:505 arg1 charge 513:518 the high negative fixed charge 489:518 the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load 489:690 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 7 22 dep they 1123:1126 arg1 polymerize 1128:1137 polymerize 1128:1137 polymerize in situ 1128:1145 These biomimetics are deliverable via injection into the disc where they polymerize in situ, forming a non-degradable, nuclear "implant" aimed at restoring disc height to degenerate discs, thereby relieving back pain. 24270091 3 23 theme chains 550:555 arg1 Key 469:471 Key 469:471 Key 469:471 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 3 23 theme chains 550:555 arg1 charge 513:518 the high negative fixed charge 489:518 the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load 489:690 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 6 24 theme sulphonate-containing 1023:1043 arg1 polymers 1045:1052 sulphonate-containing polymers 1023:1052 sulphonate-containing polymers 1023:1052 The present authors developed biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues based on sulphonate-containing polymers. 24270091 2 25 theme disc 391:394 arg1 height 396:401 disc height 391:401 disc height 391:401 The major function of aggrecan is to maintain tissue hydration, and hence disc height, under the high loads imposed by muscle activity and body weight. 24270091 2 26 theme muscle 436:441 arg1 activity 443:450 muscle activity 436:450 muscle activity 436:450 The major function of aggrecan is to maintain tissue hydration, and hence disc height, under the high loads imposed by muscle activity and body weight. 24270091 4 27 theme degenerate 696:705 arg1 discs 707:711 degenerate discs 696:711 degenerate discs 696:711 In degenerate discs, aggrecan degrades and is lost from the disc, particularly centrally from the nucleus pulposus. 24270091 5 28 theme charge 828:833 arg1 loss 814:817 This loss 809:817 This loss of fixed charge 809:833 This loss of fixed charge results in reduced hydration and loss of disc height; such changes are closely associated with low back pain. 24270091 0 29 theme high 26:29 arg1 density 44:50 high fixed charge density 26:50 high fixed charge density 26:50 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 3 30 theme osmotic 578:584 arg1 pressure 586:593 a high osmotic pressure 571:593 a high osmotic pressure 571:593 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 2 31 theme major 321:325 arg1 function 327:334 The major function 317:334 The major function of aggrecan 317:346 The major function of aggrecan is to maintain tissue hydration, and hence disc height, under the high loads imposed by muscle activity and body weight. 24270091 8 32 theme appropriate 1325:1335 arg1 density 1350:1356 appropriate fixed charge density 1325:1356 appropriate fixed charge density 1325:1356 In vitro, these glycosaminoglycan analogues possess appropriate fixed charge density, hydration and osmotic responsiveness, thereby displaying the capacity to restore disc height and function. 24270091 0 33 theme glycosaminoglycan 114:130 arg1 analogues 132:140 biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues 103:140 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 0:141 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 10 34 theme variable 1825:1832 arg1 loads 1846:1850 the high and variable compressive loads 1812:1850 loads 1846:1850 These hydrogels mimic the role taken by glycosaminoglycans in vivo and, unlike other hydrogels, provide an intrinsic swelling pressure, which can maintain disc hydration and height under the high and variable compressive loads encountered in vivo. 24270091 3 35 theme side 545:548 arg1 chains 550:555 its glycosaminoglycan side chains 523:555 its glycosaminoglycan side chains 523:555 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 9 36 theme explant 1517:1523 arg1 model 1525:1529 a degenerate explant model 1504:1529 a degenerate explant model 1504:1529 Preliminary biomechanical tests using a degenerate explant model showed that the implant adapts to the space into which it is injected and restores stiffness. 24270091 2 37 theme high 414:417 arg1 loads 419:423 the high loads 410:423 the high loads imposed by muscle activity and body weight 410:466 The major function of aggrecan is to maintain tissue hydration, and hence disc height, under the high loads imposed by muscle activity and body weight. 24270091 0 38 theme charge 37:42 arg1 density 44:50 high fixed charge density 26:50 high fixed charge density 26:50 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 10 39 theme swelling 1742:1749 arg1 pressure 1751:1758 an intrinsic swelling pressure 1729:1758 an intrinsic swelling pressure 1729:1758 These hydrogels mimic the role taken by glycosaminoglycans in vivo and, unlike other hydrogels, provide an intrinsic swelling pressure, which can maintain disc hydration and height under the high and variable compressive loads encountered in vivo. 24270091 7 40 theme disc 1211:1214 arg1 height 1216:1221 disc height 1211:1221 disc height 1211:1221 These biomimetics are deliverable via injection into the disc where they polymerize in situ, forming a non-degradable, nuclear "implant" aimed at restoring disc height to degenerate discs, thereby relieving back pain. 24270091 10 41 theme disc 1780:1783 arg1 hydration 1785:1793 disc hydration 1780:1793 disc hydration 1780:1793 These hydrogels mimic the role taken by glycosaminoglycans in vivo and, unlike other hydrogels, provide an intrinsic swelling pressure, which can maintain disc hydration and height under the high and variable compressive loads encountered in vivo. 24270091 6 42 theme glycosaminoglycan 986:1002 arg1 analogues 1004:1012 biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues 975:1012 biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues based on sulphonate-containing polymers 975:1052 The present authors developed biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues based on sulphonate-containing polymers. 24270091 0 43 theme fixed 31:35 arg1 density 44:50 high fixed charge density 26:50 high fixed charge density 26:50 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 5 44 theme fixed 822:826 arg1 charge 828:833 fixed charge 822:833 fixed charge 822:833 This loss of fixed charge results in reduced hydration and loss of disc height; such changes are closely associated with low back pain. 24270091 3 45 theme high 573:576 arg1 pressure 586:593 a high osmotic pressure 571:593 a high osmotic pressure 571:593 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 6 46 theme biomimetic 975:984 arg1 analogues 1004:1012 biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues 975:1012 biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues based on sulphonate-containing polymers 975:1052 The present authors developed biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues based on sulphonate-containing polymers. 24270091 2 47 theme body 456:459 arg1 weight 461:466 body weight 456:466 body weight 456:466 The major function of aggrecan is to maintain tissue hydration, and hence disc height, under the high loads imposed by muscle activity and body weight. 24270091 8 48 theme fixed 1337:1341 arg1 density 1350:1356 appropriate fixed charge density 1325:1356 appropriate fixed charge density 1325:1356 In vitro, these glycosaminoglycan analogues possess appropriate fixed charge density, hydration and osmotic responsiveness, thereby displaying the capacity to restore disc height and function. 24270091 8 49 theme osmotic 1373:1379 arg1 responsiveness 1381:1394 osmotic responsiveness 1373:1394 osmotic responsiveness 1373:1394 In vitro, these glycosaminoglycan analogues possess appropriate fixed charge density, hydration and osmotic responsiveness, thereby displaying the capacity to restore disc height and function. 24270091 10 50 theme other 1704:1708 arg1 hydrogels 1710:1718 other hydrogels 1704:1718 other hydrogels 1704:1718 These hydrogels mimic the role taken by glycosaminoglycans in vivo and, unlike other hydrogels, provide an intrinsic swelling pressure, which can maintain disc hydration and height under the high and variable compressive loads encountered in vivo. 24270091 5 51 theme such 889:892 arg1 changes 894:900 such changes 889:900 such changes 889:900 This loss of fixed charge results in reduced hydration and loss of disc height; such changes are closely associated with low back pain. 24270091 7 52 dep non-degradable 1158:1171 arg1 nuclear 1174:1180 nuclear 1174:1180 nuclear 1174:1180 These biomimetics are deliverable via injection into the disc where they polymerize in situ, forming a non-degradable, nuclear "implant" aimed at restoring disc height to degenerate discs, thereby relieving back pain. 24270091 3 53 theme tissue 642:647 arg1 hydration 649:657 tissue hydration 642:657 tissue hydration 642:657 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 0 54 with hydrogels 11:19 arg1 density 44:50 high fixed charge density 26:50 high fixed charge density 26:50 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 0 54 with hydrogels 11:19 arg1 pressure 65:72 swelling pressure 56:72 swelling pressure 56:72 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 9 55 theme Preliminary 1466:1476 arg1 tests 1492:1496 Preliminary biomechanical tests 1466:1496 Preliminary biomechanical tests using a degenerate explant model 1466:1529 Preliminary biomechanical tests using a degenerate explant model showed that the implant adapts to the space into which it is injected and restores stiffness. 24270091 10 56 theme intrinsic 1732:1740 arg1 pressure 1751:1758 an intrinsic swelling pressure 1729:1758 an intrinsic swelling pressure 1729:1758 These hydrogels mimic the role taken by glycosaminoglycans in vivo and, unlike other hydrogels, provide an intrinsic swelling pressure, which can maintain disc hydration and height under the high and variable compressive loads encountered in vivo. 24270091 5 57 theme height 881:886 arg1 loss 868:871 loss 868:871 loss 868:871 This loss of fixed charge results in reduced hydration and loss of disc height; such changes are closely associated with low back pain. 24270091 5 57 theme height 881:886 arg1 hydration 854:862 hydration 854:862 hydration 854:862 This loss of fixed charge results in reduced hydration and loss of disc height; such changes are closely associated with low back pain. 24270091 8 58 theme disc 1440:1443 arg1 height 1445:1450 disc height 1440:1450 disc height 1440:1450 In vitro, these glycosaminoglycan analogues possess appropriate fixed charge density, hydration and osmotic responsiveness, thereby displaying the capacity to restore disc height and function. 24270091 5 59 theme low 930:932 arg1 pain 939:942 low back pain 930:942 low back pain 930:942 This loss of fixed charge results in reduced hydration and loss of disc height; such changes are closely associated with low back pain. 24270091 10 60 dep mimic 1641:1645 arg1 provide 1721:1727 provide 1721:1727 provide an intrinsic swelling pressure, which can maintain disc hydration and height under the high and variable compressive loads encountered in vivo 1721:1870 These hydrogels mimic the role taken by glycosaminoglycans in vivo and, unlike other hydrogels, provide an intrinsic swelling pressure, which can maintain disc hydration and height under the high and variable compressive loads encountered in vivo. 24270091 9 61 theme biomechanical 1478:1490 arg1 tests 1492:1496 Preliminary biomechanical tests 1466:1496 Preliminary biomechanical tests using a degenerate explant model 1466:1529 Preliminary biomechanical tests using a degenerate explant model showed that the implant adapts to the space into which it is injected and restores stiffness. 24270091 3 62 theme glycosaminoglycan 527:543 arg1 chains 550:555 its glycosaminoglycan side chains 523:555 its glycosaminoglycan side chains 523:555 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 1 63 dep composition 225:235 arg1 the 221:223 the 221:223 the 221:223 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 2 64 theme aggrecan 339:346 arg1 function 327:334 The major function 317:334 The major function of aggrecan 317:346 The major function of aggrecan is to maintain tissue hydration, and hence disc height, under the high loads imposed by muscle activity and body weight. 24270091 10 65 theme compressive 1834:1844 arg1 loads 1846:1850 the high and variable compressive loads 1812:1850 loads 1846:1850 These hydrogels mimic the role taken by glycosaminoglycans in vivo and, unlike other hydrogels, provide an intrinsic swelling pressure, which can maintain disc hydration and height under the high and variable compressive loads encountered in vivo. 24270091 0 66 dep hydrogels 11:19 arg1 analogues 132:140 biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues 103:140 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 0:141 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 1 67 theme load-bearing 147:158 arg1 role 174:177 The load-bearing biomechanical role 143:177 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc 143:204 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 3 68 dep impart 564:569 arg1 maintaining 630:640 maintaining 630:640 maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load 630:690 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 3 68 dep impart 564:569 arg1 regulating 615:624 regulating 615:624 regulating 615:624 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 6 69 theme present 949:955 arg1 authors 957:963 The present authors 945:963 The present authors 945:963 The present authors developed biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues based on sulphonate-containing polymers. 24270091 0 70 theme swelling 56:63 arg1 pressure 65:72 swelling pressure 56:72 swelling pressure 56:72 Injectable hydrogels with high fixed charge density and swelling pressure for nucleus pulposus repair: biomimetic glycosaminoglycan analogues. 24270091 3 71 theme disc 669:672 arg1 height 674:679 disc height 669:679 disc height 669:679 Key to this role is the high negative fixed charge of its glycosaminoglycan side chains, which impart a high osmotic pressure to the tissue, thus regulating and maintaining tissue hydration and hence disc height under load. 24270091 1 72 theme biomechanical 160:172 arg1 role 174:177 The load-bearing biomechanical role 143:177 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc 143:204 The load-bearing biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc is governed by the composition and organization of its major macromolecular components, collagen and aggrecan. 24270091 8 73 contain possess 1317:1323 arg1 analogues 1307:1315 these glycosaminoglycan analogues 1283:1315 these glycosaminoglycan analogues 1283:1315 In vitro, these glycosaminoglycan analogues possess appropriate fixed charge density, hydration and osmotic responsiveness, thereby displaying the capacity to restore disc height and function. 24270091 8 73 contain possess 1317:1323 arg2 density 1350:1356 appropriate fixed charge density 1325:1356 appropriate fixed charge density 1325:1356 In vitro, these glycosaminoglycan analogues possess appropriate fixed charge density, hydration and osmotic responsiveness, thereby displaying the capacity to restore disc height and function. 24270091 8 73 contain possess 1317:1323 arg2 responsiveness 1381:1394 osmotic responsiveness 1373:1394 osmotic responsiveness 1373:1394 In vitro, these glycosaminoglycan analogues possess appropriate fixed charge density, hydration and osmotic responsiveness, thereby displaying the capacity to restore disc height and function. 24270091 8 73 contain possess 1317:1323 arg2 hydration 1359:1367 hydration 1359:1367 hydration 1359:1367 In vitro, these glycosaminoglycan analogues possess appropriate fixed charge density, hydration and osmotic responsiveness, thereby displaying the capacity to restore disc height and function. 25063177 6 0 theme ratios 860:865 arg1 effects 839:845 The effects 835:845 The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles 835:894 The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. 25063177 3 1 with area 475:478 arg1 properties 511:520 antibacterial properties 497:520 antibacterial properties 497:520 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 3 2 used used 526:529 arg2 method 394:399 a fabrication method 380:399 a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties 380:520 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 8 3 theme Chinese 1153:1159 arg1 CHO-K1 1182:1187 CHO-K1 1182:1187 CHO-K1 1182:1187 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 8 3 theme Chinese 1153:1159 arg1 cells 1175:1179 Chinese hamster ovary cells 1153:1179 Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) 1153:1188 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 10 4 theme wound 1726:1730 arg1 healing 1732:1738 wound healing 1726:1738 wound healing process of skin 1726:1754 Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model. 25063177 7 5 theme higher 1008:1013 arg1 rate 1023:1026 a continuous higher release rate 995:1026 a continuous higher release rate 995:1026 In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. 25063177 3 6 theme ~50mm 483:487 arg1 2 489:489 2 489:489 2 489:489 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 3 6 theme ~50mm 483:487 arg1 area 475:478 a maximum area 465:478 a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties 465:520 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 9 7 theme Antimicrobial 1295:1307 arg1 activity 1309:1316 Antimicrobial activity 1295:1316 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles 1295:1342 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 8 8 theme ovary 1169:1173 arg1 CHO-K1 1182:1187 CHO-K1 1182:1187 CHO-K1 1182:1187 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 8 8 theme ovary 1169:1173 arg1 cells 1175:1179 Chinese hamster ovary cells 1153:1179 Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) 1153:1188 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 10 9 theme rat 1759:1761 arg1 model 1763:1767 rat model 1759:1767 rat model 1759:1767 Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model. 25063177 3 10 with microneedles 447:458 arg1 2 489:489 2 489:489 2 489:489 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 3 10 with microneedles 447:458 arg1 area 475:478 a maximum area 465:478 a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties 465:520 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 5 11 theme HA 819:820 arg1 composition 822:832 the HA composition 815:832 the HA composition 815:832 The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. 25063177 10 12 theme skin 1751:1754 arg1 process 1740:1746 wound healing process 1726:1746 wound healing process of skin 1726:1754 Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model. 25063177 9 13 dep subtilis 1584:1591 arg1 subtilis 1597:1604 B. subtilis 1594:1604 B. subtilis 1594:1604 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 14 theme GT/HA 1325:1329 arg1 microneedles 1331:1342 the GT/HA microneedles 1321:1342 the GT/HA microneedles 1321:1342 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 4 15 theme infrared 599:606 arg1 spectrometry 615:626 infrared (FTIR) spectrometry 599:626 infrared (FTIR) spectrometry 599:626 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. 25063177 7 16 theme HA 952:953 arg1 microneedles 955:966 HA microneedles 952:966 HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70) 952:992 In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. 25063177 1 17 theme GT 242:243 arg1 delivery 230:237 the efficient delivery 216:237 the efficient delivery of GT 216:243 This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. 25063177 8 18 theme human 1191:1195 arg1 293T 1221:1224 293T 1221:1224 293T 1221:1224 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 8 18 theme human 1191:1195 arg1 cells 1214:1218 human embryonic kidney cells 1191:1218 human embryonic kidney cells (293T) 1191:1225 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 7 19 theme % 982:982 arg1 GT70 988:991 GT70 988:991 GT70 988:991 In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. 25063177 7 19 theme % 982:982 arg1 GT 984:985 70% GT 980:985 70% GT (GT70) 980:992 In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. 25063177 6 20 theme GT 870:871 arg1 ratios 860:865 different ratios 850:865 different ratios of GT 850:871 The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. 25063177 3 21 theme delivery 563:570 arg1 systems 572:578 transdermal drug delivery systems 546:578 transdermal drug delivery systems 546:578 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 8 22 theme kidney 1207:1212 arg1 293T 1221:1224 293T 1221:1224 293T 1221:1224 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 8 22 theme kidney 1207:1212 arg1 cells 1214:1218 human embryonic kidney cells 1191:1218 human embryonic kidney cells (293T) 1191:1225 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 9 23 theme % 1367:1367 arg1 reduction 1376:1384 ~95% growth reduction 1364:1384 ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70 1364:1617 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 0 24 theme green 66:70 arg1 extracts 76:83 green tea extracts 66:83 green tea extracts 66:83 Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles loaded with green tea extracts. 25063177 3 25 theme drug 558:561 arg1 systems 572:578 transdermal drug delivery systems 546:578 transdermal drug delivery systems 546:578 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 1 26 theme green 163:167 arg1 GT 174:175 GT 174:175 GT 174:175 This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. 25063177 1 26 theme green 163:167 arg1 tea 169:171 green tea 163:171 green tea (GT) extract 163:184 This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. 25063177 6 27 theme release 929:935 arg1 properties 937:946 the release properties 925:946 the release properties 925:946 The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. 25063177 9 28 theme [Escherichia 1403:1414 arg1 coli 1416:1419 gram negative [Escherichia coli 1389:1419 gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli) 1389:1429 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 28 theme [Escherichia 1403:1414 arg1 gram 1513:1516 gram 1513:1516 gram 1513:1516 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 28 theme [Escherichia 1403:1414 arg1 subtilis 1584:1591 Bacillus subtilis 1575:1591 Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)] 1575:1606 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 28 theme [Escherichia 1403:1414 arg1 typhimurium 1479:1489 Salmonella typhimurium 1468:1489 Salmonella typhimurium 1468:1489 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 28 theme [Escherichia 1403:1414 arg1 putida 1444:1449 Pseudomonas putida 1432:1449 Pseudomonas putida 1432:1449 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 8 29 theme embryonic 1197:1205 arg1 293T 1221:1224 293T 1221:1224 293T 1221:1224 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 8 29 theme embryonic 1197:1205 arg1 cells 1214:1218 human embryonic kidney cells 1191:1218 human embryonic kidney cells (293T) 1191:1225 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 8 30 theme muscle 1238:1243 arg1 C2C12 1252:1256 C2C12 1252:1256 C2C12 1252:1256 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 8 30 theme muscle 1238:1243 arg1 cells 1245:1249 mouse muscle cells 1232:1249 mouse muscle cells (C2C12) 1232:1257 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 2 31 theme drugs 358:362 arg1 release 347:353 the conventional sustained release 320:353 the conventional sustained release of drugs 320:362 These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. 25063177 1 32 theme antibacterial 125:137 arg1 microneedle 139:149 an antibacterial microneedle 122:149 an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA) 122:209 This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. 25063177 10 33 theme healing 1732:1738 arg1 process 1740:1746 wound healing process 1726:1746 wound healing process of skin 1726:1754 Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model. 25063177 0 34 theme Wound 0:4 arg1 healing 6:12 Wound healing 0:12 Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles 0:52 Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles loaded with green tea extracts. 25063177 3 35 theme transdermal 546:556 arg1 systems 572:578 transdermal drug delivery systems 546:578 transdermal drug delivery systems 546:578 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 3 36 theme mold-based 409:418 arg1 technique 420:428 a mold-based technique 407:428 a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties 407:520 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 5 37 theme GT/HA 761:765 arg1 microneedles 767:778 GT/HA microneedles 761:778 GT/HA microneedles 761:778 The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. 25063177 9 38 theme growth 1369:1374 arg1 reduction 1376:1384 ~95% growth reduction 1364:1384 ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70 1364:1617 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 10 39 theme bacterial 1660:1668 arg1 growth 1670:1675 bacterial growth 1660:1675 bacterial growth of infected wound sites 1660:1699 Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model. 25063177 0 40 theme antibacterial 27:39 arg1 microneedles 41:52 antibacterial microneedles 27:52 antibacterial microneedles 27:52 Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles loaded with green tea extracts. 25063177 3 41 theme GT/HA 441:445 arg1 microneedles 447:458 GT/HA microneedles 441:458 GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties 441:520 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 10 42 theme wound 1689:1693 arg1 sites 1695:1699 infected wound sites 1680:1699 infected wound sites 1680:1699 Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model. 25063177 3 43 theme maximum 467:473 arg1 2 489:489 2 489:489 2 489:489 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 3 43 theme maximum 467:473 arg1 area 475:478 a maximum area 465:478 a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties 465:520 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 6 44 theme different 850:858 arg1 ratios 860:865 different ratios 850:865 different ratios of GT 850:871 The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. 25063177 7 45 theme release 1015:1021 arg1 rate 1023:1026 a continuous higher release rate 995:1026 a continuous higher release rate 995:1026 In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. 25063177 1 46 theme efficient 220:228 arg1 delivery 230:237 the efficient delivery 216:237 the efficient delivery of GT 216:243 This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. 25063177 8 47 theme in 1055:1056 arg1 assays 1077:1082 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays 1051:1082 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays 1051:1082 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 6 48 from effects 839:845 arg1 microneedles 883:894 the HA microneedles 876:894 the HA microneedles 876:894 The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. 25063177 2 49 theme patient-friendly 292:307 arg1 method 309:314 a patient-friendly method 290:314 a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs 290:362 These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. 25063177 7 50 theme continuous 997:1006 arg1 rate 1023:1026 a continuous higher release rate 995:1026 a continuous higher release rate 995:1026 In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. 25063177 1 51 theme tea 169:171 arg1 extract 178:184 green tea (GT) extract 163:184 green tea (GT) extract 163:184 This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. 25063177 8 52 theme cytotoxicity 1064:1075 arg1 assays 1077:1082 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays 1051:1082 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays 1051:1082 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 3 53 theme antibacterial 497:509 arg1 properties 511:520 antibacterial properties 497:520 antibacterial properties 497:520 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 9 54 dep putida 1444:1449 arg1 bacteria 1527:1534 positive bacteria 1518:1534 positive bacteria 1518:1534 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 54 dep putida 1444:1449 arg1 typhimurium 1495:1505 S. typhimurium 1492:1505 S. typhimurium 1492:1505 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 54 dep putida 1444:1449 arg1 Aureus 1563:1568 S. Aureus 1560:1568 S. Aureus 1560:1568 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 8 55 theme GT/HA 1102:1106 arg1 microneedles 1108:1119 GT/HA microneedles 1102:1119 GT/HA microneedles 1102:1119 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 9 56 theme positive 1518:1525 arg1 bacteria 1527:1534 positive bacteria 1518:1534 positive bacteria 1518:1534 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 57 theme gram 1389:1392 arg1 coli 1416:1419 gram negative [Escherichia coli 1389:1419 gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli) 1389:1429 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 57 theme gram 1389:1392 arg1 gram 1513:1516 gram 1513:1516 gram 1513:1516 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 57 theme gram 1389:1392 arg1 subtilis 1584:1591 Bacillus subtilis 1575:1591 Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)] 1575:1606 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 57 theme gram 1389:1392 arg1 typhimurium 1479:1489 Salmonella typhimurium 1468:1489 Salmonella typhimurium 1468:1489 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 57 theme gram 1389:1392 arg1 putida 1444:1449 Pseudomonas putida 1432:1449 Pseudomonas putida 1432:1449 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 8 58 theme hamster 1161:1167 arg1 CHO-K1 1182:1187 CHO-K1 1182:1187 CHO-K1 1182:1187 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 8 58 theme hamster 1161:1167 arg1 cells 1175:1179 Chinese hamster ovary cells 1153:1179 Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) 1153:1188 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 9 59 theme microneedles 1331:1342 arg1 activity 1309:1316 Antimicrobial activity 1295:1316 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles 1295:1342 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 6 60 theme HA 880:881 arg1 microneedles 883:894 the HA microneedles 876:894 the HA microneedles 876:894 The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. 25063177 7 61 theme 70 980:981 arg1 % 982:982 % 982:982 % 982:982 In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. 25063177 10 62 theme GT/HA 1633:1637 arg1 microneedles 1639:1650 GT/HA microneedles 1633:1650 GT/HA microneedles 1633:1650 Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model. 25063177 9 63 theme ~95 1364:1366 arg1 % 1367:1367 % 1367:1367 % 1367:1367 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 4 64 theme potential 659:667 arg1 modifications 669:681 the potential modifications 655:681 the potential modifications in the microneedles 655:701 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. 25063177 0 65 theme tea 72:74 arg1 extracts 76:83 green tea extracts 66:83 green tea extracts 66:83 Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles loaded with green tea extracts. 25063177 9 66 dep coli 1416:1419 arg1 coli 1425:1428 E. coli 1422:1428 E. coli 1422:1428 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 1 67 theme microneedle 139:149 arg1 utility 111:117 the utility 107:117 the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA) 107:209 This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. 25063177 5 68 from rate 747:750 arg1 microneedles 767:778 GT/HA microneedles 761:778 GT/HA microneedles 761:778 The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. 25063177 9 69 with reduction 1376:1384 arg1 GT70 1614:1617 GT70 1614:1617 GT70 1614:1617 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 70 theme negative 1394:1401 arg1 coli 1416:1419 gram negative [Escherichia coli 1389:1419 gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli) 1389:1429 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 70 theme negative 1394:1401 arg1 gram 1513:1516 gram 1513:1516 gram 1513:1516 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 70 theme negative 1394:1401 arg1 subtilis 1584:1591 Bacillus subtilis 1575:1591 Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)] 1575:1606 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 70 theme negative 1394:1401 arg1 typhimurium 1479:1489 Salmonella typhimurium 1468:1489 Salmonella typhimurium 1468:1489 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 9 70 theme negative 1394:1401 arg1 putida 1444:1449 Pseudomonas putida 1432:1449 Pseudomonas putida 1432:1449 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 8 71 dep in 1055:1056 arg1 vitro 1058:1062 vitro 1058:1062 vitro 1058:1062 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 9 72 theme coli 1416:1419 arg1 reduction 1376:1384 ~95% growth reduction 1364:1384 ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70 1364:1617 Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. 25063177 8 73 theme mouse 1232:1236 arg1 C2C12 1252:1256 C2C12 1252:1256 C2C12 1252:1256 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 8 73 theme mouse 1232:1236 arg1 cells 1245:1249 mouse muscle cells 1232:1249 mouse muscle cells (C2C12) 1232:1257 The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. 25063177 0 74 theme healing 6:12 arg1 potential 14:22 Wound healing potential 0:22 Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles 0:52 Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles loaded with green tea extracts. 25063177 2 75 theme sustained 337:345 arg1 release 347:353 the conventional sustained release 320:353 the conventional sustained release of drugs 320:362 These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. 25063177 5 76 theme GT 755:756 arg1 rate 747:750 The degradation rate 731:750 The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles 731:778 The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. 25063177 2 77 theme conventional 324:335 arg1 release 347:353 the conventional sustained release 320:353 the conventional sustained release of drugs 320:362 These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. 25063177 0 78 theme microneedles 41:52 arg1 potential 14:22 Wound healing potential 0:22 Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles 0:52 Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles loaded with green tea extracts. 25063177 1 79 theme hyaluronic 190:199 arg1 HA 207:208 HA 207:208 HA 207:208 This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. 25063177 1 79 theme hyaluronic 190:199 arg1 acid 201:204 hyaluronic acid 190:204 hyaluronic acid (HA) 190:209 This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. 25063177 4 80 dep infrared 599:606 arg1 FTIR 609:612 FTIR 609:612 FTIR 609:612 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. 25063177 3 81 theme fabrication 382:392 arg1 method 394:399 a fabrication method 380:399 a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties 380:520 In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm(2) with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. 25063177 5 82 theme degradation 735:745 arg1 rate 747:750 The degradation rate 731:750 The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles 731:778 The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. 25063177 2 83 contain have 265:268 arg2 potential 274:282 the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs 270:362 the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs 270:362 These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. 25063177 2 83 contain have 265:268 arg1 microneedles 252:263 These microneedles 246:263 These microneedles 246:263 These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. 25063177 4 84 dep Fourier 581:587 arg1 transform 589:597 transform 589:597 transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry 589:626 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. 25063177 10 85 theme sites 1695:1699 arg1 growth 1670:1675 bacterial growth 1660:1675 bacterial growth of infected wound sites 1660:1699 Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model. 25063177 4 86 from modifications 669:681 arg1 microneedles 690:701 the microneedles 686:701 the microneedles 686:701 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. 25063177 10 87 theme infected 1680:1687 arg1 sites 1695:1699 infected wound sites 1680:1699 infected wound sites 1680:1699 Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model. 27706823 0 0 theme Huanghua 84:91 arg1 pears 93:97 Huanghua pears 84:97 Huanghua pears 84:97 Paper-based 1-MCP treatment suppresses cell wall metabolism and delays softening of Huanghua pears during storage. 27706823 2 1 contain containing 326:335 arg1 paper 320:324 paper 320:324 paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) 320:390 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 2 1 contain containing 326:335 arg2 control 340:346 control 340:346 control 340:346 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 2 1 contain containing 326:335 arg2 1-MCP 385:389 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) 352:390 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) 352:390 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 2 1 contain containing 326:335 arg2 0 337:337 0 337:337 0 337:337 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 4 2 theme CWM 1048:1050 arg1 degradation 1033:1043 the degradation 1029:1043 the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose 1029:1118 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 3 theme wall 799:802 arg1 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 3 theme wall 799:802 arg1 components 804:813 cell wall components 794:813 cell wall components 794:813 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 3 theme wall 799:802 arg1 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 3 theme wall 799:802 arg1 pectin 840:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin 823:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP) 823:851 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 4 theme cell 764:767 arg1 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 4 theme cell 764:767 arg1 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 4 theme cell 764:767 arg1 CWM 785:787 CWM 785:787 CWM 785:787 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 4 theme cell 764:767 arg1 pectin 840:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin 823:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP) 823:851 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 4 theme cell 764:767 arg1 materials 774:782 cell wall materials 764:782 cell wall materials (CWM) 764:788 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 2 5 theme wall 503:506 arg1 composition 508:518 cell wall composition 498:518 cell wall composition 498:518 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 1 6 theme marketing 256:264 arg1 potential 266:274 limited storage and marketing potential 236:274 potential 266:274 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear will lose its firmness quickly during postharvest storage at ambient temperature, and hence has limited storage and marketing potential. 27706823 2 7 theme cell 498:501 arg1 composition 508:518 cell wall composition 498:518 cell wall composition 498:518 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 6 8 theme cell 1389:1392 arg1 activities 1416:1425 cell wall-degrading enzyme activities 1389:1425 cell wall-degrading enzyme activities 1389:1425 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment can slow down the softening of Huanghua pears through reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and hence maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure. 27706823 0 9 theme pears 93:97 arg1 softening 71:79 softening 71:79 softening of Huanghua pears during storage 71:112 Paper-based 1-MCP treatment suppresses cell wall metabolism and delays softening of Huanghua pears during storage. 27706823 2 10 theme enzymes 558:564 arg1 activities 524:533 activities 524:533 activities 524:533 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 2 10 theme enzymes 558:564 arg1 composition 508:518 cell wall composition 498:518 cell wall composition 498:518 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 2 10 theme enzymes 558:564 arg1 firmness 488:495 fruit firmness 482:495 fruit firmness 482:495 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 3 11 dep storage 655:661 arg1 analyses 689:696 composition analyses 677:696 composition analyses 677:696 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 2 12 dep pears 301:305 arg1 treated 307:313 treated 307:313 treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h 307:399 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 2 12 dep pears 301:305 arg1 stored 411:416 stored 411:416 stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days 411:443 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 2 13 theme cell 538:541 arg1 enzymes 558:564 cell wall-degrading enzymes 538:564 cell wall-degrading enzymes 538:564 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 2 14 theme wall-degrading 543:556 arg1 enzymes 558:564 cell wall-degrading enzymes 538:564 cell wall-degrading enzymes 538:564 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 3 15 theme Na2 823:825 arg1 NSP 848:850 NSP 848:850 NSP 848:850 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 15 theme Na2 823:825 arg1 pectin 840:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin 823:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP) 823:851 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 6 16 theme CONCLUSION 1299:1308 arg1 treatment 1316:1324 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment 1299:1324 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment 1299:1324 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment can slow down the softening of Huanghua pears through reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and hence maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure. 27706823 3 17 theme room-temperature 638:653 arg1 storage 655:661 room-temperature storage 638:661 room-temperature storage 638:661 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 6 18 theme Huanghua 1357:1364 arg1 pears 1366:1370 Huanghua pears 1357:1370 Huanghua pears 1357:1370 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment can slow down the softening of Huanghua pears through reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and hence maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure. 27706823 6 19 theme cell 1467:1470 arg1 structure 1477:1485 the cell wall structure 1463:1485 the cell wall structure 1463:1485 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment can slow down the softening of Huanghua pears through reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and hence maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure. 27706823 2 20 theme 1-methylcyclopropene 363:382 arg1 1-MCP 385:389 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) 352:390 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) 352:390 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 0 21 theme 1-MCP 12:16 arg1 treatment 18:26 Paper-based 1-MCP treatment 0:26 Paper-based 1-MCP treatment 0:26 Paper-based 1-MCP treatment suppresses cell wall metabolism and delays softening of Huanghua pears during storage. 27706823 3 22 theme cell 667:670 arg1 wall 672:675 cell wall 667:675 cell wall 667:675 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 2 23 theme L-1 359:361 arg1 1-MCP 385:389 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) 352:390 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) 352:390 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 0 24 theme Paper-based 0:10 arg1 treatment 18:26 Paper-based 1-MCP treatment 0:26 Paper-based 1-MCP treatment 0:26 Paper-based 1-MCP treatment suppresses cell wall metabolism and delays softening of Huanghua pears during storage. 27706823 5 25 theme enzymes 1202:1208 arg1 polygalacturonase 1234:1250 polygalacturonase 1234:1250 polygalacturonase 1234:1250 1-MCP treatment also significantly lowered the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes such as pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and cellulase during storage. 27706823 5 25 theme enzymes 1202:1208 arg1 pectinesterase 1218:1231 pectinesterase 1218:1231 pectinesterase 1218:1231 1-MCP treatment also significantly lowered the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes such as pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and cellulase during storage. 27706823 5 25 theme enzymes 1202:1208 arg1 cellulase 1273:1281 cellulase 1273:1281 cellulase 1273:1281 1-MCP treatment also significantly lowered the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes such as pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and cellulase during storage. 27706823 5 25 theme enzymes 1202:1208 arg1 activities 1168:1177 the activities 1164:1177 the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes such as pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and cellulase 1164:1281 1-MCP treatment also significantly lowered the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes such as pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and cellulase during storage. 27706823 5 25 theme enzymes 1202:1208 arg1 β-galactosidase 1253:1267 β-galactosidase 1253:1267 β-galactosidase 1253:1267 1-MCP treatment also significantly lowered the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes such as pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and cellulase during storage. 27706823 2 26 theme μL 356:357 arg1 1-MCP 385:389 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) 352:390 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) 352:390 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 1 27 theme ambient 201:207 arg1 temperature 209:219 ambient temperature 201:219 ambient temperature 201:219 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear will lose its firmness quickly during postharvest storage at ambient temperature, and hence has limited storage and marketing potential. 27706823 4 28 theme higher 932:937 arg1 firmness 939:946 higher firmness 932:946 higher firmness 932:946 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 29 from decreases 751:759 arg1 WSP 742:744 WSP 742:744 WSP 742:744 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 29 from decreases 751:759 arg1 pectin 840:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin 823:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP) 823:851 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 29 from decreases 751:759 arg1 materials 774:782 cell wall materials 764:782 cell wall materials (CWM) 764:788 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 29 from decreases 751:759 arg1 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 29 from decreases 751:759 arg1 components 804:813 cell wall components 794:813 cell wall components 794:813 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 29 from decreases 751:759 arg1 CWM 785:787 CWM 785:787 CWM 785:787 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 29 from decreases 751:759 arg1 pectin 734:739 water-soluble pectin 720:739 water-soluble pectin (WSP) 720:745 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 29 from decreases 751:759 arg1 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 2 30 theme Huanghua 292:299 arg1 pears 301:305 Huanghua pears 292:305 Huanghua pears 292:305 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 3 31 theme CO3 827:829 arg1 NSP 848:850 NSP 848:850 NSP 848:850 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 31 theme CO3 827:829 arg1 pectin 840:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin 823:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP) 823:851 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 0 32 theme wall 44:47 arg1 metabolism 49:58 cell wall metabolism 39:58 cell wall metabolism 39:58 Paper-based 1-MCP treatment suppresses cell wall metabolism and delays softening of Huanghua pears during storage. 27706823 3 33 theme composition 677:687 arg1 analyses 689:696 composition analyses 677:696 composition analyses 677:696 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 6 34 theme pears 1366:1370 arg1 softening 1344:1352 the softening 1340:1352 the softening of Huanghua pears 1340:1370 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment can slow down the softening of Huanghua pears through reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and hence maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure. 27706823 3 35 theme -soluble 831:838 arg1 NSP 848:850 NSP 848:850 NSP 848:850 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 35 theme -soluble 831:838 arg1 pectin 840:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin 823:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP) 823:851 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 0 36 theme cell 39:42 arg1 metabolism 49:58 cell wall metabolism 39:58 cell wall metabolism 39:58 Paper-based 1-MCP treatment suppresses cell wall metabolism and delays softening of Huanghua pears during storage. 27706823 2 37 from effect 472:477 arg1 activities 524:533 activities 524:533 activities 524:533 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 2 37 from effect 472:477 arg1 composition 508:518 cell wall composition 498:518 cell wall composition 498:518 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 2 37 from effect 472:477 arg1 firmness 488:495 fruit firmness 482:495 fruit firmness 482:495 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 5 38 theme 1-MCP 1121:1125 arg1 treatment 1127:1135 1-MCP treatment 1121:1135 1-MCP treatment 1121:1135 1-MCP treatment also significantly lowered the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes such as pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and cellulase during storage. 27706823 4 39 theme wall 1061:1064 arg1 cellulose 1092:1100 cellulose 1092:1100 cellulose 1092:1100 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 4 39 theme wall 1061:1064 arg1 NSP 1087:1089 NSP 1087:1089 NSP 1087:1089 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 4 39 theme wall 1061:1064 arg1 components 1066:1075 cell wall components 1056:1075 cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose 1056:1118 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 4 39 theme wall 1061:1064 arg1 hemicellulose 1106:1118 hemicellulose 1106:1118 hemicellulose 1106:1118 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 4 40 theme 1-MCP-treated 900:912 arg1 fruits 914:919 the 1-MCP-treated fruits 896:919 the 1-MCP-treated fruits 896:919 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 41 theme water-soluble 720:732 arg1 WSP 742:744 WSP 742:744 WSP 742:744 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 41 theme water-soluble 720:732 arg1 pectin 734:739 water-soluble pectin 720:739 water-soluble pectin (WSP) 720:745 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 4 42 theme WSP 1013:1015 arg1 formation 1000:1008 the formation 996:1008 the formation of WSP 996:1015 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 1 43 contain has 232:234 arg1 pear 135:138 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear 115:138 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear 115:138 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear will lose its firmness quickly during postharvest storage at ambient temperature, and hence has limited storage and marketing potential. 27706823 1 43 contain has 232:234 arg2 potential 266:274 limited storage and marketing potential 236:274 potential 266:274 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear will lose its firmness quickly during postharvest storage at ambient temperature, and hence has limited storage and marketing potential. 27706823 1 43 contain has 232:234 arg2 storage 244:250 limited storage and marketing potential 236:274 storage 244:250 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear will lose its firmness quickly during postharvest storage at ambient temperature, and hence has limited storage and marketing potential. 27706823 4 44 theme cell 1056:1059 arg1 cellulose 1092:1100 cellulose 1092:1100 cellulose 1092:1100 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 4 44 theme cell 1056:1059 arg1 NSP 1087:1089 NSP 1087:1089 NSP 1087:1089 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 4 44 theme cell 1056:1059 arg1 components 1066:1075 cell wall components 1056:1075 cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose 1056:1118 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 4 44 theme cell 1056:1059 arg1 hemicellulose 1106:1118 hemicellulose 1106:1118 hemicellulose 1106:1118 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 1 45 theme BACKGROUND 115:124 arg1 pear 135:138 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear 115:138 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear 115:138 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear will lose its firmness quickly during postharvest storage at ambient temperature, and hence has limited storage and marketing potential. 27706823 5 46 theme wall-degrading 1187:1200 arg1 enzymes 1202:1208 cell wall-degrading enzymes 1182:1208 cell wall-degrading enzymes 1182:1208 1-MCP treatment also significantly lowered the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes such as pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and cellulase during storage. 27706823 2 47 theme fruit 482:486 arg1 firmness 488:495 fruit firmness 482:495 fruit firmness 482:495 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 6 48 theme enzyme 1409:1414 arg1 activities 1416:1425 cell wall-degrading enzyme activities 1389:1425 cell wall-degrading enzyme activities 1389:1425 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment can slow down the softening of Huanghua pears through reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and hence maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure. 27706823 1 49 theme Huanghua 126:133 arg1 pear 135:138 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear 115:138 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear 115:138 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear will lose its firmness quickly during postharvest storage at ambient temperature, and hence has limited storage and marketing potential. 27706823 6 50 theme structure 1477:1485 arg1 integrity 1450:1458 the integrity 1446:1458 the integrity of the cell wall structure 1446:1485 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment can slow down the softening of Huanghua pears through reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and hence maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure. 27706823 3 51 from increase 708:715 arg1 WSP 742:744 WSP 742:744 WSP 742:744 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 51 from increase 708:715 arg1 pectin 840:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin 823:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP) 823:851 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 51 from increase 708:715 arg1 materials 774:782 cell wall materials 764:782 cell wall materials (CWM) 764:788 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 51 from increase 708:715 arg1 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 51 from increase 708:715 arg1 components 804:813 cell wall components 794:813 cell wall components 794:813 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 51 from increase 708:715 arg1 CWM 785:787 CWM 785:787 CWM 785:787 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 51 from increase 708:715 arg1 pectin 734:739 water-soluble pectin 720:739 water-soluble pectin (WSP) 720:745 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 51 from increase 708:715 arg1 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 52 theme 1-MCP 598:602 arg1 treatment 604:612 1-MCP treatment 598:612 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses 598:696 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 1 53 from temperature 209:219 arg1 storage 190:196 postharvest storage 178:196 postharvest storage at ambient temperature 178:219 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear will lose its firmness quickly during postharvest storage at ambient temperature, and hence has limited storage and marketing potential. 27706823 4 54 theme components 1066:1075 arg1 degradation 1033:1043 the degradation 1029:1043 the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose 1029:1118 In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher firmness than the control; also, the treatment prevented the formation of WSP and reduced the degradation of CWM and cell wall components including NSP, cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 55 theme Huanghua 575:582 arg1 pears 584:588 Huanghua pears 575:588 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses 567:696 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 56 theme wall 769:772 arg1 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 56 theme wall 769:772 arg1 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 56 theme wall 769:772 arg1 CWM 785:787 CWM 785:787 CWM 785:787 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 56 theme wall 769:772 arg1 pectin 840:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin 823:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP) 823:851 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 56 theme wall 769:772 arg1 materials 774:782 cell wall materials 764:782 cell wall materials (CWM) 764:788 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 6 57 theme wall-degrading 1394:1407 arg1 activities 1416:1425 cell wall-degrading enzyme activities 1389:1425 cell wall-degrading enzyme activities 1389:1425 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment can slow down the softening of Huanghua pears through reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and hence maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure. 27706823 2 58 theme 0.9 352:354 arg1 μL 356:357 μL 356:357 μL 356:357 In this study, Huanghua pears treated with paper containing 0 (control) or 0.9 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, and then stored at (25 ± 1) °C for 30 days, were investigated for the effect on fruit firmness, cell wall composition and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. 27706823 1 59 theme postharvest 178:188 arg1 storage 190:196 postharvest storage 178:196 postharvest storage at ambient temperature 178:219 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear will lose its firmness quickly during postharvest storage at ambient temperature, and hence has limited storage and marketing potential. 27706823 1 60 theme limited 236:242 arg1 storage 244:250 limited storage and marketing potential 236:274 storage 244:250 BACKGROUND Huanghua pear will lose its firmness quickly during postharvest storage at ambient temperature, and hence has limited storage and marketing potential. 27706823 6 61 theme 1-MCP 1310:1314 arg1 treatment 1316:1324 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment 1299:1324 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment 1299:1324 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment can slow down the softening of Huanghua pears through reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and hence maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure. 27706823 7 62 theme Chemical 1506:1513 arg1 Industry 1515:1522 Chemical Industry 1506:1522 Chemical Industry 1506:1522 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. 27706823 5 63 theme cell 1182:1185 arg1 enzymes 1202:1208 cell wall-degrading enzymes 1182:1208 cell wall-degrading enzymes 1182:1208 1-MCP treatment also significantly lowered the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes such as pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and cellulase during storage. 27706823 6 64 theme wall 1472:1475 arg1 structure 1477:1485 the cell wall structure 1463:1485 the cell wall structure 1463:1485 CONCLUSION 1-MCP treatment can slow down the softening of Huanghua pears through reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities and hence maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure. 27706823 3 65 theme cell 794:797 arg1 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 hemicellulose 868:880 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 65 theme cell 794:797 arg1 components 804:813 cell wall components 794:813 cell wall components 794:813 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 65 theme cell 794:797 arg1 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 cellulose 854:862 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 65 theme cell 794:797 arg1 pectin 840:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin 823:845 Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP) 823:851 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 27706823 3 66 dep RESULTS 567:573 arg1 pears 584:588 Huanghua pears 575:588 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses 567:696 RESULTS Huanghua pears without 1-MCP treatment softened rapidly during room-temperature storage and cell wall composition analyses showed an increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and decreases in cell wall materials (CWM) and cell wall components such as Na2 CO3 -soluble pectin (NSP), cellulose and hemicellulose. 25388843 7 0 theme Saos-eGFP 1403:1411 arg1 line 1418:1421 the Saos-eGFP cell line 1399:1421 the Saos-eGFP cell line 1399:1421 An expression analysis of specific genes encoding for differentiation markers, showed that biomaterial assayed did not alter the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line. 25388843 6 1 theme cytoplasmic 1149:1159 arg1 bridges 1161:1167 cytoplasmic bridges 1149:1167 cytoplasmic bridges 1149:1167 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 9 2 theme biomaterial 1629:1639 arg1 assays 1641:1646 in vitro biomaterial assays 1620:1646 in vitro biomaterial assays 1620:1646 We showed that the Saos-eGFP cellular model is suitable for in vitro biomaterial assays, and more specifically for assessing osteoconductivity. 25388843 9 3 theme Saos-eGFP 1579:1587 arg1 model 1598:1602 the Saos-eGFP cellular model 1575:1602 the Saos-eGFP cellular model 1575:1602 We showed that the Saos-eGFP cellular model is suitable for in vitro biomaterial assays, and more specifically for assessing osteoconductivity. 25388843 9 3 theme Saos-eGFP 1579:1587 arg1 suitable 1607:1614 suitable 1607:1614 suitable 1607:1614 We showed that the Saos-eGFP cellular model is suitable for in vitro biomaterial assays, and more specifically for assessing osteoconductivity. 25388843 3 4 theme green 393:397 arg1 cell 444:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 3 4 theme green 393:397 arg1 line 385:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 4 5 dep evaluated 570:578 arg1 whereas 719:725 whereas 719:725 whereas 719:725 The cytotoxicity was indirectly evaluated by fluorescence detection, osteoconductivity was assayed both by fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology, whereas the RT-PCR technique was employed to assay gene expression. 25388843 2 6 theme cell 347:350 arg1 line 352:355 an engineered human cell line 327:355 an engineered human cell line 327:355 In this study, the composite HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate biomaterial was investigated using an engineered human cell line, named Saos-eGFP. 25388843 3 7 theme fluorescent 399:409 arg1 cell 444:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 3 7 theme fluorescent 399:409 arg1 line 385:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 10 8 theme implant 1871:1877 arg1 osteo-integration 1879:1895 implant osteo-integration 1871:1895 implant osteo-integration 1871:1895 This result suggests that the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features of the biomaterial assayed as bone substitute, could have a positive downstream effect on implant osteo-integration. 25388843 2 9 theme human 341:345 arg1 line 352:355 an engineered human cell line 327:355 an engineered human cell line 327:355 In this study, the composite HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate biomaterial was investigated using an engineered human cell line, named Saos-eGFP. 25388843 4 10 theme fluorescence 645:656 arg1 analysis 682:689 fluorescence and electron microscope analysis 645:689 analysis 682:689 The cytotoxicity was indirectly evaluated by fluorescence detection, osteoconductivity was assayed both by fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology, whereas the RT-PCR technique was employed to assay gene expression. 25388843 5 11 theme viability 803:811 arg1 detection 813:821 viability detection 803:821 viability detection 803:821 Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation showed that biomaterial enables the adhesion and proliferation of seeded cells as well as that of the plastic surface, the control. 25388843 4 12 theme gene 770:773 arg1 expression 775:784 gene expression 770:784 gene expression 770:784 The cytotoxicity was indirectly evaluated by fluorescence detection, osteoconductivity was assayed both by fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology, whereas the RT-PCR technique was employed to assay gene expression. 25388843 2 13 theme engineered 330:339 arg1 line 352:355 an engineered human cell line 327:355 an engineered human cell line 327:355 In this study, the composite HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate biomaterial was investigated using an engineered human cell line, named Saos-eGFP. 25388843 4 14 theme RT-PCR 731:736 arg1 technique 738:746 the RT-PCR technique 727:746 the RT-PCR technique 727:746 The cytotoxicity was indirectly evaluated by fluorescence detection, osteoconductivity was assayed both by fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology, whereas the RT-PCR technique was employed to assay gene expression. 25388843 5 15 theme seeded 921:926 arg1 cells 928:932 seeded cells 921:932 seeded cells 921:932 Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation showed that biomaterial enables the adhesion and proliferation of seeded cells as well as that of the plastic surface, the control. 25388843 10 16 theme cytocompatibility 1734:1750 arg1 features 1772:1779 the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features 1730:1779 the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features of the biomaterial assayed as bone 1730:1814 This result suggests that the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features of the biomaterial assayed as bone substitute, could have a positive downstream effect on implant osteo-integration. 25388843 7 17 theme specific 1274:1281 arg1 genes 1283:1287 specific genes 1274:1287 specific genes encoding for differentiation markers 1274:1324 An expression analysis of specific genes encoding for differentiation markers, showed that biomaterial assayed did not alter the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line. 25388843 5 18 theme cells 928:932 arg1 proliferation 904:916 proliferation 904:916 proliferation 904:916 Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation showed that biomaterial enables the adhesion and proliferation of seeded cells as well as that of the plastic surface, the control. 25388843 5 18 theme cells 928:932 arg1 adhesion 891:898 adhesion 891:898 adhesion 891:898 Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation showed that biomaterial enables the adhesion and proliferation of seeded cells as well as that of the plastic surface, the control. 25388843 3 19 theme osteoblast-like 428:442 arg1 cell 444:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 3 19 theme osteoblast-like 428:442 arg1 line 385:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 8 20 theme osteoconductive 1500:1514 arg1 capacity 1516:1523 an osteoconductive capacity 1497:1523 an osteoconductive capacity mediated by its chemical contents 1497:1557 Our assays confirm the cytocompatibility of this biomaterial, suggesting an osteoconductive capacity mediated by its chemical contents. 25388843 7 21 theme differentiation 1302:1316 arg1 markers 1318:1324 differentiation markers 1302:1324 differentiation markers 1302:1324 An expression analysis of specific genes encoding for differentiation markers, showed that biomaterial assayed did not alter the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line. 25388843 6 22 theme extra-cellular 1225:1238 arg1 matrix 1240:1245 the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix 1192:1245 the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix 1192:1245 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 9 23 dep in 1620:1621 arg1 vitro 1623:1627 vitro 1623:1627 vitro 1623:1627 We showed that the Saos-eGFP cellular model is suitable for in vitro biomaterial assays, and more specifically for assessing osteoconductivity. 25388843 1 24 theme gene 214:217 arg1 expression 219:228 gene expression 214:228 gene expression 214:228 Biomaterials employed for the bone regeneration can be assayed for specific features such as osteoconductivity and gene expression. 25388843 7 25 theme expression 1251:1260 arg1 analysis 1262:1269 An expression analysis 1248:1269 An expression analysis 1248:1269 An expression analysis of specific genes encoding for differentiation markers, showed that biomaterial assayed did not alter the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line. 25388843 0 26 theme Biomaterials 29:40 arg1 Osteoconductivity 0:16 Osteoconductivity 0:16 Osteoconductivity of Complex Biomaterials 0:40 Osteoconductivity of Complex Biomaterials Assayed by Fluorescent-Engineered Osteoblast-like Cells. 25388843 6 27 theme sulfate 1217:1223 arg1 matrix 1240:1245 the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix 1192:1245 the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix 1192:1245 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 3 28 theme cellular 468:475 arg1 model 477:481 a cellular model 466:481 a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics 466:535 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 3 28 theme cellular 468:475 arg1 line 385:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 3 29 theme engineered 411:420 arg1 cell 444:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 3 29 theme engineered 411:420 arg1 line 385:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 6 30 theme microscopy 1022:1031 arg1 analyses 1039:1046 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses 987:1046 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses 987:1046 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 10 31 theme osteoconductive 1756:1770 arg1 features 1772:1779 the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features 1730:1779 the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features of the biomaterial assayed as bone 1730:1814 This result suggests that the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features of the biomaterial assayed as bone substitute, could have a positive downstream effect on implant osteo-integration. 25388843 1 32 theme bone 129:132 arg1 regeneration 134:145 the bone regeneration 125:145 the bone regeneration 125:145 Biomaterials employed for the bone regeneration can be assayed for specific features such as osteoconductivity and gene expression. 25388843 3 33 theme human 422:426 arg1 cell 444:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 3 33 theme human 422:426 arg1 line 385:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 6 34 theme electron 1013:1020 arg1 SEM 1034:1036 SEM 1034:1036 SEM 1034:1036 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 6 34 theme electron 1013:1020 arg1 microscopy 1022:1031 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy 987:1031 microscopy 1022:1031 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 8 35 theme chemical 1541:1548 arg1 contents 1550:1557 its chemical contents 1537:1557 its chemical contents 1537:1557 Our assays confirm the cytocompatibility of this biomaterial, suggesting an osteoconductive capacity mediated by its chemical contents. 25388843 10 36 theme downstream 1850:1859 arg1 effect 1861:1866 a positive downstream effect 1839:1866 a positive downstream effect 1839:1866 This result suggests that the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features of the biomaterial assayed as bone substitute, could have a positive downstream effect on implant osteo-integration. 25388843 7 37 theme osteogenic 1377:1386 arg1 pathway 1388:1394 the osteogenic pathway 1373:1394 the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line 1373:1421 An expression analysis of specific genes encoding for differentiation markers, showed that biomaterial assayed did not alter the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line. 25388843 6 38 theme scanning 1004:1011 arg1 SEM 1034:1036 SEM 1034:1036 SEM 1034:1036 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 6 38 theme scanning 1004:1011 arg1 microscopy 1022:1031 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy 987:1031 microscopy 1022:1031 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 10 39 theme biomaterial 1788:1798 arg1 features 1772:1779 the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features 1730:1779 the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features of the biomaterial assayed as bone 1730:1814 This result suggests that the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features of the biomaterial assayed as bone substitute, could have a positive downstream effect on implant osteo-integration. 25388843 2 40 theme HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate 260:290 arg1 biomaterial 292:302 the composite HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate biomaterial 246:302 the composite HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate biomaterial 246:302 In this study, the composite HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate biomaterial was investigated using an engineered human cell line, named Saos-eGFP. 25388843 6 41 theme HA 1117:1118 arg1 surfaces 1128:1135 the HA granule surfaces 1113:1135 the HA granule surfaces 1113:1135 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 9 42 theme in 1620:1621 arg1 assays 1641:1646 in vitro biomaterial assays 1620:1646 in vitro biomaterial assays 1620:1646 We showed that the Saos-eGFP cellular model is suitable for in vitro biomaterial assays, and more specifically for assessing osteoconductivity. 25388843 6 43 theme granule 1120:1126 arg1 surfaces 1128:1135 the HA granule surfaces 1113:1135 the HA granule surfaces 1113:1135 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 7 44 theme cell 1413:1416 arg1 line 1418:1421 the Saos-eGFP cell line 1399:1421 the Saos-eGFP cell line 1399:1421 An expression analysis of specific genes encoding for differentiation markers, showed that biomaterial assayed did not alter the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line. 25388843 2 45 theme composite 250:258 arg1 biomaterial 292:302 the composite HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate biomaterial 246:302 the composite HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate biomaterial 246:302 In this study, the composite HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate biomaterial was investigated using an engineered human cell line, named Saos-eGFP. 25388843 3 46 theme in 491:492 arg1 study 500:504 the in vitro study 487:504 the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics 487:535 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 0 47 theme Osteoblast-like 76:90 arg1 Cells 92:96 Fluorescent-Engineered Osteoblast-like Cells 53:96 Fluorescent-Engineered Osteoblast-like Cells 53:96 Osteoconductivity of Complex Biomaterials Assayed by Fluorescent-Engineered Osteoblast-like Cells. 25388843 5 48 theme Saos-eGFP 787:795 arg1 cells 797:801 Saos-eGFP cells 787:801 Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation 787:853 Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation showed that biomaterial enables the adhesion and proliferation of seeded cells as well as that of the plastic surface, the control. 25388843 3 49 theme characteristics 521:535 arg1 study 500:504 the in vitro study 487:504 the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics 487:535 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 0 50 theme Fluorescent-Engineered 53:74 arg1 Cells 92:96 Fluorescent-Engineered Osteoblast-like Cells 53:96 Fluorescent-Engineered Osteoblast-like Cells 53:96 Osteoconductivity of Complex Biomaterials Assayed by Fluorescent-Engineered Osteoblast-like Cells. 25388843 5 51 dep detection 813:821 arg1 h 839:839 24 and 96 h 829:839 24 and 96 h of incubation 829:853 Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation showed that biomaterial enables the adhesion and proliferation of seeded cells as well as that of the plastic surface, the control. 25388843 6 52 located localized 1179:1187 arg2 cells 1073:1077 Saos-eGFP cells 1063:1077 Saos-eGFP cells 1063:1077 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 6 52 located localized 1179:1187 arg1 matrix 1240:1245 the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix 1192:1245 the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix 1192:1245 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 7 53 theme genes 1283:1287 arg1 analysis 1262:1269 An expression analysis 1248:1269 An expression analysis 1248:1269 An expression analysis of specific genes encoding for differentiation markers, showed that biomaterial assayed did not alter the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line. 25388843 9 54 theme cellular 1589:1596 arg1 model 1598:1602 the Saos-eGFP cellular model 1575:1602 the Saos-eGFP cellular model 1575:1602 We showed that the Saos-eGFP cellular model is suitable for in vitro biomaterial assays, and more specifically for assessing osteoconductivity. 25388843 9 54 theme cellular 1589:1596 arg1 suitable 1607:1614 suitable 1607:1614 suitable 1607:1614 We showed that the Saos-eGFP cellular model is suitable for in vitro biomaterial assays, and more specifically for assessing osteoconductivity. 25388843 4 55 theme fluorescence 583:594 arg1 detection 596:604 fluorescence detection 583:604 fluorescence detection 583:604 The cytotoxicity was indirectly evaluated by fluorescence detection, osteoconductivity was assayed both by fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology, whereas the RT-PCR technique was employed to assay gene expression. 25388843 4 56 dep analysis 682:689 arg1 both 637:640 both 637:640 both 637:640 The cytotoxicity was indirectly evaluated by fluorescence detection, osteoconductivity was assayed both by fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology, whereas the RT-PCR technique was employed to assay gene expression. 25388843 8 57 theme biomaterial 1473:1483 arg1 cytocompatibility 1447:1463 the cytocompatibility 1443:1463 the cytocompatibility of this biomaterial 1443:1483 Our assays confirm the cytocompatibility of this biomaterial, suggesting an osteoconductive capacity mediated by its chemical contents. 25388843 6 58 theme collagen-chondroitin 1196:1215 arg1 matrix 1240:1245 the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix 1192:1245 the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix 1192:1245 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 4 59 theme microscope 671:680 arg1 analysis 682:689 fluorescence and electron microscope analysis 645:689 analysis 682:689 The cytotoxicity was indirectly evaluated by fluorescence detection, osteoconductivity was assayed both by fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology, whereas the RT-PCR technique was employed to assay gene expression. 25388843 5 60 theme plastic 957:963 arg1 surface 965:971 the plastic surface 953:971 the plastic surface 953:971 Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation showed that biomaterial enables the adhesion and proliferation of seeded cells as well as that of the plastic surface, the control. 25388843 3 61 dep in 491:492 arg1 vitro 494:498 vitro 494:498 vitro 494:498 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 3 62 theme biomaterial 509:519 arg1 characteristics 521:535 biomaterial characteristics 509:535 biomaterial characteristics 509:535 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 4 63 theme electron 662:669 arg1 analysis 682:689 fluorescence and electron microscope analysis 645:689 analysis 682:689 The cytotoxicity was indirectly evaluated by fluorescence detection, osteoconductivity was assayed both by fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology, whereas the RT-PCR technique was employed to assay gene expression. 25388843 3 64 theme cell 380:383 arg1 model 477:481 a cellular model 466:481 a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics 466:535 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 3 64 theme cell 380:383 arg1 line 385:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line 375:388 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 3 64 theme cell 380:383 arg1 cell 444:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell 391:447 This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. 25388843 4 65 theme cell 702:705 arg1 morphology 707:716 cell morphology 702:716 fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology 645:716 The cytotoxicity was indirectly evaluated by fluorescence detection, osteoconductivity was assayed both by fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology, whereas the RT-PCR technique was employed to assay gene expression. 25388843 5 66 dep adhesion 891:898 arg1 the 887:889 the 887:889 the 887:889 Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation showed that biomaterial enables the adhesion and proliferation of seeded cells as well as that of the plastic surface, the control. 25388843 1 67 theme specific 166:173 arg1 features 175:182 specific features 166:182 specific features such as osteoconductivity and gene expression 166:228 Biomaterials employed for the bone regeneration can be assayed for specific features such as osteoconductivity and gene expression. 25388843 1 67 theme specific 166:173 arg1 osteoconductivity 192:208 osteoconductivity 192:208 osteoconductivity 192:208 Biomaterials employed for the bone regeneration can be assayed for specific features such as osteoconductivity and gene expression. 25388843 1 67 theme specific 166:173 arg1 expression 219:228 gene expression 214:228 gene expression 214:228 Biomaterials employed for the bone regeneration can be assayed for specific features such as osteoconductivity and gene expression. 25388843 7 68 theme line 1418:1421 arg1 pathway 1388:1394 the osteogenic pathway 1373:1394 the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line 1373:1421 An expression analysis of specific genes encoding for differentiation markers, showed that biomaterial assayed did not alter the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line. 25388843 6 69 theme Saos-eGFP 1063:1071 arg1 cells 1073:1077 Saos-eGFP cells 1063:1077 Saos-eGFP cells 1063:1077 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 5 70 theme incubation 844:853 arg1 h 839:839 24 and 96 h 829:839 24 and 96 h of incubation 829:853 Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation showed that biomaterial enables the adhesion and proliferation of seeded cells as well as that of the plastic surface, the control. 25388843 0 71 theme Complex 21:27 arg1 Biomaterials 29:40 Complex Biomaterials 21:40 Complex Biomaterials 21:40 Osteoconductivity of Complex Biomaterials Assayed by Fluorescent-Engineered Osteoblast-like Cells. 25388843 10 72 theme positive 1841:1848 arg1 effect 1861:1866 a positive downstream effect 1839:1866 a positive downstream effect 1839:1866 This result suggests that the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features of the biomaterial assayed as bone substitute, could have a positive downstream effect on implant osteo-integration. 25388843 6 73 theme Fluorescence 987:998 arg1 SEM 1034:1036 SEM 1034:1036 SEM 1034:1036 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 25388843 6 73 theme Fluorescence 987:998 arg1 microscopy 1022:1031 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy 987:1031 microscopy 1022:1031 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. 29166937 12 0 theme Further 1403:1409 arg1 studies 1440:1446 Further pharmacological and clinical studies 1403:1446 Further pharmacological and clinical studies 1403:1446 Further pharmacological and clinical studies are needed to evaluate this effect. 29166937 11 1 contain had 1312:1314 arg2 effect 1334:1339 chondroprotective effect 1316:1339 chondroprotective effect 1316:1339 CONCLUSIONS The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. 29166937 11 1 contain had 1312:1314 arg1 ginger/curcumin 1289:1303 The ginger/curcumin 1285:1303 The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 1285:1310 CONCLUSIONS The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. 29166937 10 2 dep P 1255:1255 arg1 <0.0001 1263:1269 value <0.0001 1257:1269 P value <0.0001 1255:1269 On the other hand SOD levels were significantly elevated in treated groups compared to OA groups (P value <0.0001). 29166937 5 3 theme superoxide 694:703 arg1 SOD 725:727 SOD 725:727 SOD 725:727 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 5 3 theme superoxide 694:703 arg1 activity 715:722 superoxide dismutase activity 694:722 superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) 694:728 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 3 4 from Iodoacetate 413:423 arg1 joint 437:441 the knee joint 428:441 the knee joint 428:441 METHODS Thirty-five albino rats were intra-articularly injected with Monosodium Iodoacetate in the knee joint. 29166937 5 5 theme protein 579:585 arg1 levels 541:546 Serum levels 535:546 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) 535:728 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 1 6 theme therapeutic 165:175 arg1 effect 177:182 a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect 141:182 a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect 141:182 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment may have a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect on Osteoarthritis (OA). 29166937 9 7 theme COMP 1024:1027 arg1 levels 1014:1019 RESULTS Serum levels 1000:1019 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β 1000:1052 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 12 8 theme pharmacological 1411:1425 arg1 studies 1440:1446 Further pharmacological and clinical studies 1403:1446 Further pharmacological and clinical studies 1403:1446 Further pharmacological and clinical studies are needed to evaluate this effect. 29166937 3 9 theme Thirty-five 341:351 arg1 rats 360:363 Thirty-five albino rats 341:363 Thirty-five albino rats 341:363 METHODS Thirty-five albino rats were intra-articularly injected with Monosodium Iodoacetate in the knee joint. 29166937 11 10 from 1:1 1308:1310 arg1 ginger/curcumin 1289:1303 The ginger/curcumin 1285:1303 The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 1285:1310 CONCLUSIONS The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. 29166937 7 11 theme routine 920:926 arg1 histopathology 928:941 routine histopathology 920:941 routine histopathology 920:941 Histopathological changes in injected joints was examined using routine histopathology. 29166937 2 12 from treatment 303:311 arg1 model 326:330 rat model 322:330 rat model 322:330 We investigated the mechanism of action of ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model. 29166937 7 13 from changes 874:880 arg1 joints 894:899 injected joints 885:899 injected joints 885:899 Histopathological changes in injected joints was examined using routine histopathology. 29166937 3 14 theme albino 353:358 arg1 rats 360:363 Thirty-five albino rats 341:363 Thirty-five albino rats 341:363 METHODS Thirty-five albino rats were intra-articularly injected with Monosodium Iodoacetate in the knee joint. 29166937 11 15 theme OA 1393:1394 arg1 model 1396:1400 rat OA model 1389:1400 rat OA model 1389:1400 CONCLUSIONS The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. 29166937 5 16 theme malondialdehyde 617:631 arg1 levels 541:546 Serum levels 535:546 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) 535:728 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 9 17 theme V 1103:1103 arg1 groups 1105:1110 V groups 1103:1110 V groups 1103:1110 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 9 18 theme HA 1030:1031 arg1 levels 1014:1019 RESULTS Serum levels 1000:1019 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β 1000:1052 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 10 19 dep groups 1247:1252 arg1 P 1255:1255 P 1255:1255 P value <0.0001 1255:1269 On the other hand SOD levels were significantly elevated in treated groups compared to OA groups (P value <0.0001). 29166937 5 20 theme beta 677:680 arg1 levels 541:546 Serum levels 535:546 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) 535:728 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 4 21 theme 200 500:502 arg1 doses 491:495 doses 491:495 doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (F200 and F400) 491:532 Ginger and curcumin was orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (F200 and F400). 29166937 10 22 theme SOD 1175:1177 arg1 levels 1179:1184 SOD levels 1175:1184 SOD levels 1175:1184 On the other hand SOD levels were significantly elevated in treated groups compared to OA groups (P value <0.0001). 29166937 8 23 theme Statistical 944:954 arg1 analysis 956:963 Statistical analysis 944:963 Statistical analysis 944:963 Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. 29166937 2 24 theme rhizomes 271:278 arg1 action 241:246 action 241:246 action of ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model 241:330 We investigated the mechanism of action of ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model. 29166937 11 25 theme antioxidant 1367:1377 arg1 effect 1379:1384 anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect 1345:1384 anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model 1345:1400 CONCLUSIONS The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. 29166937 12 26 theme clinical 1431:1438 arg1 studies 1440:1446 Further pharmacological and clinical studies 1403:1446 Further pharmacological and clinical studies 1403:1446 Further pharmacological and clinical studies are needed to evaluate this effect. 29166937 6 27 theme extract 811:817 arg1 composition 761:771 The composition 757:771 The composition of the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract 757:817 The composition of the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract was characterized using UPLC-ESI-MS. 29166937 5 28 theme hyaluronic 595:604 arg1 acid 606:609 hyaluronic acid 595:609 hyaluronic acid (HA) 595:614 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 5 28 theme hyaluronic 595:604 arg1 HA 612:613 HA 612:613 HA 612:613 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 7 29 theme injected 885:892 arg1 joints 894:899 injected joints 885:899 injected joints 885:899 Histopathological changes in injected joints was examined using routine histopathology. 29166937 2 30 theme curcumin 262:269 arg1 rhizomes 271:278 ginger and curcumin rhizomes 251:278 ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model 251:330 We investigated the mechanism of action of ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model. 29166937 9 31 theme P 1139:1139 arg1 group 1132:1136 OA group 1129:1136 OA group (P value <0.0001) 1129:1154 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 9 31 theme P 1139:1139 arg1 <0.0001 1147:1153 P value <0.0001 1139:1153 P value <0.0001 1139:1153 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 0 32 theme putative 2:9 arg1 role 29:32 A putative Chondroprotective role 0:32 A putative Chondroprotective role for IL-1β and MPO in herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis. 0:102 A putative Chondroprotective role for IL-1β and MPO in herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis. 29166937 6 33 theme hydro-ethanolic 795:809 arg1 extract 811:817 the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract 776:817 the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract 776:817 The composition of the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract was characterized using UPLC-ESI-MS. 29166937 5 34 theme acid 606:609 arg1 levels 541:546 Serum levels 535:546 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) 535:728 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 5 35 theme cartilage 551:559 arg1 COMP 588:591 COMP 588:591 COMP 588:591 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 5 35 theme cartilage 551:559 arg1 protein 579:585 cartilage oligomeric matrix protein 551:585 cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) 551:592 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 3 36 dep METHODS 333:339 arg1 injected 388:395 injected 388:395 were intra-articularly injected with Monosodium Iodoacetate in the knee joint 365:441 METHODS Thirty-five albino rats were intra-articularly injected with Monosodium Iodoacetate in the knee joint. 29166937 4 37 theme 400 mg/kg 508:516 arg1 doses 491:495 doses 491:495 doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (F200 and F400) 491:532 Ginger and curcumin was orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (F200 and F400). 29166937 5 38 theme oligomeric 561:570 arg1 COMP 588:591 COMP 588:591 COMP 588:591 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 5 38 theme oligomeric 561:570 arg1 protein 579:585 cartilage oligomeric matrix protein 551:585 cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) 551:592 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 11 39 from effect 1379:1384 arg1 model 1396:1400 rat OA model 1389:1400 rat OA model 1389:1400 CONCLUSIONS The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. 29166937 9 40 theme MDA 1039:1041 arg1 levels 1014:1019 RESULTS Serum levels 1000:1019 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β 1000:1052 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 3 41 theme knee 432:435 arg1 joint 437:441 the knee joint 428:441 the knee joint 428:441 METHODS Thirty-five albino rats were intra-articularly injected with Monosodium Iodoacetate in the knee joint. 29166937 8 42 theme one-way 985:991 arg1 ANOVA 993:997 one-way ANOVA 985:997 one-way ANOVA 985:997 Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. 29166937 5 43 theme myeloperoxidase 640:654 arg1 levels 541:546 Serum levels 535:546 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) 535:728 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 5 44 theme matrix 572:577 arg1 COMP 588:591 COMP 588:591 COMP 588:591 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 5 44 theme matrix 572:577 arg1 protein 579:585 cartilage oligomeric matrix protein 551:585 cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) 551:592 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 0 45 theme Chondroprotective 11:27 arg1 role 29:32 A putative Chondroprotective role 0:32 A putative Chondroprotective role for IL-1β and MPO in herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis. 0:102 A putative Chondroprotective role for IL-1β and MPO in herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis. 29166937 11 46 theme rat 1389:1391 arg1 model 1396:1400 rat OA model 1389:1400 rat OA model 1389:1400 CONCLUSIONS The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. 29166937 10 47 theme treated 1217:1223 arg1 groups 1225:1230 treated groups 1217:1230 treated groups 1217:1230 On the other hand SOD levels were significantly elevated in treated groups compared to OA groups (P value <0.0001). 29166937 6 48 theme formula 787:793 arg1 extract 811:817 the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract 776:817 the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract 776:817 The composition of the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract was characterized using UPLC-ESI-MS. 29166937 1 49 theme BACKGROUND 104:113 arg1 treatment 122:130 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment 104:130 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment 104:130 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment may have a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect on Osteoarthritis (OA). 29166937 11 50 theme anti-inflammatory 1345:1361 arg1 effect 1379:1384 anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect 1345:1384 anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model 1345:1400 CONCLUSIONS The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. 29166937 5 51 theme dismutase 705:713 arg1 SOD 725:727 SOD 725:727 SOD 725:727 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 5 51 theme dismutase 705:713 arg1 activity 715:722 superoxide dismutase activity 694:722 superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) 694:728 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 11 52 theme chondroprotective 1316:1332 arg1 effect 1334:1339 chondroprotective effect 1316:1339 chondroprotective effect 1316:1339 CONCLUSIONS The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. 29166937 6 53 theme herbal 780:785 arg1 extract 811:817 the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract 776:817 the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract 776:817 The composition of the herbal formula hydro-ethanolic extract was characterized using UPLC-ESI-MS. 29166937 9 54 theme IL-1β 1048:1052 arg1 levels 1014:1019 RESULTS Serum levels 1000:1019 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β 1000:1052 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 5 55 theme activity 715:722 arg1 levels 541:546 Serum levels 535:546 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) 535:728 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 4 56 dep 400 mg/kg 508:516 arg1 F400 528:531 F400 528:531 F400 528:531 Ginger and curcumin was orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (F200 and F400). 29166937 4 56 dep 400 mg/kg 508:516 arg1 F200 519:522 F200 519:522 F200 519:522 Ginger and curcumin was orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (F200 and F400). 29166937 5 57 theme Interleukin-1 663:675 arg1 beta 677:680 Interleukin-1 beta 663:680 Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) 663:688 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 5 57 theme Interleukin-1 663:675 arg1 IL-1β 683:687 IL-1β 683:687 IL-1β 683:687 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 10 58 theme other 1164:1168 arg1 hand 1170:1173 the other hand 1160:1173 the other hand 1160:1173 On the other hand SOD levels were significantly elevated in treated groups compared to OA groups (P value <0.0001). 29166937 0 59 theme osteoarthritis 88:101 arg1 treatment 62:70 herbal treatment 55:70 herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis 55:101 A putative Chondroprotective role for IL-1β and MPO in herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis. 29166937 9 60 theme value 1141:1145 arg1 group 1132:1136 OA group 1129:1136 OA group (P value <0.0001) 1129:1154 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 9 60 theme value 1141:1145 arg1 <0.0001 1147:1153 P value <0.0001 1139:1153 P value <0.0001 1139:1153 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 1 61 theme Herbal 115:120 arg1 treatment 122:130 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment 104:130 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment 104:130 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment may have a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect on Osteoarthritis (OA). 29166937 3 62 theme Monosodium 402:411 arg1 Iodoacetate 413:423 Monosodium Iodoacetate 402:423 Monosodium Iodoacetate in the knee joint 402:441 METHODS Thirty-five albino rats were intra-articularly injected with Monosodium Iodoacetate in the knee joint. 29166937 1 63 contain have 136:139 arg2 effect 177:182 a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect 141:182 a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect 141:182 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment may have a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect on Osteoarthritis (OA). 29166937 1 63 contain have 136:139 arg1 treatment 122:130 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment 104:130 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment 104:130 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment may have a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect on Osteoarthritis (OA). 29166937 5 64 theme Serum 535:539 arg1 levels 541:546 Serum levels 535:546 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) 535:728 Serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured using ELISA. 29166937 2 65 theme rat 322:324 arg1 model 326:330 rat model 322:330 rat model 322:330 We investigated the mechanism of action of ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model. 29166937 9 66 theme OA 1129:1130 arg1 group 1132:1136 OA group 1129:1136 OA group (P value <0.0001) 1129:1154 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 9 66 theme OA 1129:1130 arg1 <0.0001 1147:1153 P value <0.0001 1139:1153 P value <0.0001 1139:1153 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 11 67 dep CONCLUSIONS 1273:1283 arg1 had 1312:1314 had 1312:1314 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model 1312:1400 CONCLUSIONS The ginger/curcumin at 1:1 had chondroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rat OA model. 29166937 7 68 theme Histopathological 856:872 arg1 changes 874:880 Histopathological changes 856:880 Histopathological changes in injected joints 856:899 Histopathological changes in injected joints was examined using routine histopathology. 29166937 2 69 theme ginger 251:256 arg1 rhizomes 271:278 ginger and curcumin rhizomes 251:278 ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model 251:330 We investigated the mechanism of action of ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model. 29166937 2 70 theme OA 316:317 arg1 treatment 303:311 treatment 303:311 treatment of OA in rat model 303:330 We investigated the mechanism of action of ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model. 29166937 9 71 theme RESULTS 1000:1006 arg1 levels 1014:1019 RESULTS Serum levels 1000:1019 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β 1000:1052 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 9 72 theme MPO 1034:1036 arg1 levels 1014:1019 RESULTS Serum levels 1000:1019 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β 1000:1052 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 0 73 theme herbal 55:60 arg1 treatment 62:70 herbal treatment 55:70 herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis 55:101 A putative Chondroprotective role for IL-1β and MPO in herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis. 29166937 10 74 theme value 1257:1261 arg1 <0.0001 1263:1269 value <0.0001 1257:1269 P value <0.0001 1255:1269 On the other hand SOD levels were significantly elevated in treated groups compared to OA groups (P value <0.0001). 29166937 9 75 theme Serum 1008:1012 arg1 levels 1014:1019 RESULTS Serum levels 1000:1019 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β 1000:1052 RESULTS Serum levels of COMP, HA, MPO, MDA, and IL-1β were significantly decreased in F 200, F 400 and V groups when compared to OA group (P value <0.0001). 29166937 0 76 from role 29:32 arg1 treatment 62:70 herbal treatment 55:70 herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis 55:101 A putative Chondroprotective role for IL-1β and MPO in herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis. 29166937 2 77 theme action 241:246 arg1 mechanism 228:236 the mechanism 224:236 the mechanism of action of ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model 224:330 We investigated the mechanism of action of ginger and curcumin rhizomes cultivated in Egypt in treatment of OA in rat model. 29166937 10 78 theme OA 1244:1245 arg1 groups 1247:1252 OA groups 1244:1252 OA groups (P value <0.0001) 1244:1270 On the other hand SOD levels were significantly elevated in treated groups compared to OA groups (P value <0.0001). 29166937 1 79 theme chondroprotective 143:159 arg1 effect 177:182 a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect 141:182 a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect 141:182 BACKGROUND Herbal treatment may have a chondroprotective and therapeutic effect on Osteoarthritis (OA). 29166937 0 80 theme experimental 75:86 arg1 osteoarthritis 88:101 experimental osteoarthritis 75:101 experimental osteoarthritis 75:101 A putative Chondroprotective role for IL-1β and MPO in herbal treatment of experimental osteoarthritis. 28439040 7 0 theme new 1298:1300 arg1 approaches 1302:1311 new approaches 1298:1311 new approaches 1298:1311 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 7 1 theme structural 1183:1192 arg1 signaling 1195:1203 the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways 1179:1227 signaling 1195:1203 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 2 2 theme bacterial 352:360 arg1 survival 362:369 bacterial survival 352:369 bacterial survival 352:369 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 7 3 theme fluctuating 1545:1555 arg1 conditions 1557:1566 fluctuating conditions 1545:1566 fluctuating conditions 1545:1566 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 9 4 theme environmental 1982:1994 arg1 stresses 1996:2003 environmental stresses 1982:2003 environmental stresses 1982:2003 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 8 5 theme stress 1711:1716 arg1 adaptation 1718:1727 stress adaptation 1711:1727 stress adaptation 1711:1727 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 10 6 theme future 2038:2043 arg1 therapies 2059:2067 future antibacterial therapies 2038:2067 future antibacterial therapies that target bacterial lipid biosynthesis 2038:2108 These findings hold promise for future antibacterial therapies that target bacterial lipid biosynthesis. 28439040 2 7 theme key 297:299 arg1 component 301:309 a key component 295:309 a key component of the cellular envelope 295:334 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 2 7 theme key 297:299 arg1 composition 282:292 membrane lipid composition 267:292 membrane lipid composition 267:292 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 9 8 theme new 1741:1743 arg1 evidence 1745:1752 new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses 1741:2003 new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses 1741:2003 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 7 9 theme unprecedented 1157:1169 arg1 view 1171:1174 an unprecedented view 1154:1174 an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate 1154:1272 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 7 10 theme environmental 1473:1485 arg1 conditions 1487:1496 environmental conditions 1473:1496 environmental conditions 1473:1496 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 4 11 theme cell 680:683 arg1 fitness 685:691 bacterial cell fitness 670:691 bacterial cell fitness 670:691 The goal of this study was to define the role of membrane phospholipids in adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness. 28439040 8 12 from alterations 1641:1651 arg1 phospholipids 1666:1678 bacterial phospholipids 1656:1678 bacterial phospholipids 1656:1678 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 2 13 theme cellular 318:325 arg1 envelope 327:334 the cellular envelope 314:334 the cellular envelope 314:334 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 1 14 theme challenging 190:200 arg1 conditions 234:243 challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions 190:243 challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions 190:243 Bacteria have evolved multiple strategies to sense and rapidly adapt to challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions. 28439040 9 15 from alterations 1759:1769 arg1 coli 1812:1815 Escherichia coli 1800:1815 Escherichia coli 1800:1815 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 5 16 theme modified 715:722 arg1 strains 724:730 genetically modified strains 703:730 genetically modified strains in which the membrane phospholipid composition can be systematically manipulated 703:811 By using genetically modified strains in which the membrane phospholipid composition can be systematically manipulated, we show that alterations in major Escherichia coli phospholipids transform these cells globally. 28439040 1 17 theme ever-changing 206:218 arg1 conditions 234:243 challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions 190:243 challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions 190:243 Bacteria have evolved multiple strategies to sense and rapidly adapt to challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions. 28439040 9 18 theme phospholipids 1783:1795 arg1 alterations 1759:1769 alterations 1759:1769 alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli 1759:1815 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 7 19 theme metabolic 1210:1218 arg1 pathways 1220:1227 the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways 1179:1227 pathways 1220:1227 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 10 20 theme lipid 2091:2095 arg1 biosynthesis 2097:2108 bacterial lipid biosynthesis 2081:2108 bacterial lipid biosynthesis 2081:2108 These findings hold promise for future antibacterial therapies that target bacterial lipid biosynthesis. 28439040 6 21 theme cellular 965:972 arg1 structure 983:991 the cellular envelope structure 961:991 the cellular envelope structure 961:991 We found that alterations in phospholipids impair the cellular envelope structure and function, the ability to form biofilms, and bacterial fitness and cause phospholipid-dependent susceptibility to environmental stresses. 28439040 2 22 theme lipid 276:280 arg1 component 301:309 a key component 295:309 a key component of the cellular envelope 295:334 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 2 22 theme lipid 276:280 arg1 composition 282:292 membrane lipid composition 267:292 membrane lipid composition 267:292 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 1 23 theme multiple 140:147 arg1 strategies 149:158 multiple strategies 140:158 multiple strategies 140:158 Bacteria have evolved multiple strategies to sense and rapidly adapt to challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions. 28439040 0 24 theme Membrane 10:17 arg1 Alterations 32:42 Membrane Phospholipid Alterations 10:42 Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli 10:62 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 9 25 from coli 1812:1815 arg1 alterations 1759:1769 alterations 1759:1769 alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli 1759:1815 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 9 26 theme cellular 1845:1852 arg1 shape 1854:1858 cellular shape 1845:1858 cellular shape 1845:1858 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 0 27 from Impact 0:5 arg1 Function 76:83 Cellular Function 67:83 Cellular Function 67:83 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 0 27 from Impact 0:5 arg1 Adaptation 106:115 Bacterial Stress Adaptation 89:115 Bacterial Stress Adaptation 89:115 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 0 27 from Impact 0:5 arg1 coli 59:62 Escherichia coli 47:62 Escherichia coli 47:62 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 0 28 theme Bacterial 89:97 arg1 Adaptation 106:115 Bacterial Stress Adaptation 89:115 Bacterial Stress Adaptation 89:115 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 2 29 theme environmental 401:413 arg1 stress 415:420 environmental stress 401:420 environmental stress 401:420 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 5 30 theme phospholipid 754:765 arg1 composition 767:777 the membrane phospholipid composition 741:777 the membrane phospholipid composition 741:777 By using genetically modified strains in which the membrane phospholipid composition can be systematically manipulated, we show that alterations in major Escherichia coli phospholipids transform these cells globally. 28439040 0 31 from Alterations 32:42 arg1 coli 59:62 Escherichia coli 47:62 Escherichia coli 47:62 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 6 32 theme environmental 1110:1122 arg1 stresses 1124:1131 environmental stresses 1110:1131 environmental stresses 1110:1131 We found that alterations in phospholipids impair the cellular envelope structure and function, the ability to form biofilms, and bacterial fitness and cause phospholipid-dependent susceptibility to environmental stresses. 28439040 7 33 theme pathways 1220:1227 arg1 view 1171:1174 an unprecedented view 1154:1174 an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate 1154:1272 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 4 34 theme study 572:576 arg1 goal 559:562 The goal 555:562 The goal of this study 555:576 The goal of this study was to define the role of membrane phospholipids in adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness. 28439040 0 35 theme Alterations 32:42 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 0:116 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 7 36 dep adaptation.IMPORTANCE 1400:1420 arg1 respond 1534:1540 respond 1534:1540 respond to fluctuating conditions 1534:1566 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 7 36 dep adaptation.IMPORTANCE 1400:1420 arg1 have 1508:1511 have 1508:1511 have to sense 1508:1520 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 8 37 theme alterations 1641:1651 arg1 effects 1604:1610 the effects 1600:1610 the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation 1600:1727 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 7 38 theme signaling 1195:1203 arg1 view 1171:1174 an unprecedented view 1154:1174 an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate 1154:1272 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 7 39 theme processes 1353:1361 arg1 investigation 1320:1332 the investigation 1316:1332 the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions 1316:1566 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 9 40 theme cellular 1932:1939 arg1 remodeling 1950:1959 cellular envelope remodeling 1932:1959 cellular envelope remodeling 1932:1959 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 8 41 theme bacterial 1656:1664 arg1 phospholipids 1666:1678 bacterial phospholipids 1656:1678 bacterial phospholipids 1656:1678 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 3 42 theme bacterial 486:494 arg1 physiology 496:505 bacterial physiology 486:505 bacterial physiology 486:505 However, the precise roles played by membrane phospholipids in bacterial physiology and stress adaptation are not fully elucidated. 28439040 9 43 from effects 1834:1840 arg1 physiology 1890:1899 cell physiology 1885:1899 cell physiology 1885:1899 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 9 43 from effects 1834:1840 arg1 shape 1854:1858 cellular shape 1845:1858 cellular shape 1845:1858 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 9 43 from effects 1834:1840 arg1 integrity 1870:1878 envelope integrity 1861:1878 envelope integrity 1861:1878 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 5 44 theme major 842:846 arg1 phospholipids 865:877 major Escherichia coli phospholipids 842:877 major Escherichia coli phospholipids 842:877 By using genetically modified strains in which the membrane phospholipid composition can be systematically manipulated, we show that alterations in major Escherichia coli phospholipids transform these cells globally. 28439040 4 45 theme fitness 685:691 arg1 stress 644:649 stress 644:649 stress 644:649 The goal of this study was to define the role of membrane phospholipids in adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness. 28439040 4 45 theme fitness 685:691 arg1 maintenance 655:665 maintenance 655:665 maintenance 655:665 The goal of this study was to define the role of membrane phospholipids in adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness. 28439040 5 46 dep Escherichia 848:858 arg1 coli 860:863 coli 860:863 coli 860:863 By using genetically modified strains in which the membrane phospholipid composition can be systematically manipulated, we show that alterations in major Escherichia coli phospholipids transform these cells globally. 28439040 4 47 theme phospholipids 613:625 arg1 role 596:599 the role 592:599 the role of membrane phospholipids in adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness 592:691 The goal of this study was to define the role of membrane phospholipids in adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness. 28439040 7 48 theme approaches 1302:1311 arg1 design 1288:1293 the design 1284:1293 the design of new approaches 1284:1311 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 6 49 from alterations 925:935 arg1 phospholipids 940:952 phospholipids 940:952 phospholipids 940:952 We found that alterations in phospholipids impair the cellular envelope structure and function, the ability to form biofilms, and bacterial fitness and cause phospholipid-dependent susceptibility to environmental stresses. 28439040 8 50 from phospholipids 1666:1678 arg1 effects 1604:1610 the effects 1600:1610 the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation 1600:1727 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 2 51 from survival 362:369 arg1 response 389:396 response 389:396 response to environmental stress 389:420 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 2 52 theme envelope 327:334 arg1 component 301:309 a key component 295:309 a key component of the cellular envelope 295:334 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 2 52 theme envelope 327:334 arg1 composition 282:292 membrane lipid composition 267:292 membrane lipid composition 267:292 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 2 53 from adaptation 375:384 arg1 response 389:396 response 389:396 response to environmental stress 389:420 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 7 54 theme conditions 1487:1496 arg1 range 1464:1468 a wide range 1457:1468 a wide range of environmental conditions 1457:1496 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 4 55 theme bacterial 670:678 arg1 fitness 685:691 bacterial cell fitness 670:691 bacterial cell fitness 670:691 The goal of this study was to define the role of membrane phospholipids in adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness. 28439040 5 56 theme Escherichia 848:858 arg1 phospholipids 865:877 major Escherichia coli phospholipids 842:877 major Escherichia coli phospholipids 842:877 By using genetically modified strains in which the membrane phospholipid composition can be systematically manipulated, we show that alterations in major Escherichia coli phospholipids transform these cells globally. 28439040 9 57 theme specific 1774:1781 arg1 phospholipids 1783:1795 specific phospholipids 1774:1795 specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli 1774:1815 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 10 58 theme antibacterial 2045:2057 arg1 therapies 2059:2067 future antibacterial therapies 2038:2067 future antibacterial therapies that target bacterial lipid biosynthesis 2038:2108 These findings hold promise for future antibacterial therapies that target bacterial lipid biosynthesis. 28439040 1 59 theme environmental 220:232 arg1 conditions 234:243 challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions 190:243 challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions 190:243 Bacteria have evolved multiple strategies to sense and rapidly adapt to challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions. 28439040 7 60 theme wide 1459:1462 arg1 range 1464:1468 a wide range 1457:1468 a wide range of environmental conditions 1457:1496 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 4 61 from role 596:599 arg1 adaptation 630:639 adaptation 630:639 adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness 630:691 The goal of this study was to define the role of membrane phospholipids in adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness. 28439040 6 62 theme envelope 974:981 arg1 structure 983:991 the cellular envelope structure 961:991 the cellular envelope structure 961:991 We found that alterations in phospholipids impair the cellular envelope structure and function, the ability to form biofilms, and bacterial fitness and cause phospholipid-dependent susceptibility to environmental stresses. 28439040 10 63 theme bacterial 2081:2089 arg1 biosynthesis 2097:2108 bacterial lipid biosynthesis 2081:2108 bacterial lipid biosynthesis 2081:2108 These findings hold promise for future antibacterial therapies that target bacterial lipid biosynthesis. 28439040 9 64 theme detrimental 1822:1832 arg1 effects 1834:1840 detrimental effects 1822:1840 detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses 1822:2003 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 0 65 theme Cellular 67:74 arg1 Function 76:83 Cellular Function 67:83 Cellular Function 67:83 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 2 66 theme membrane 267:274 arg1 component 301:309 a key component 295:309 a key component of the cellular envelope 295:334 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 2 66 theme membrane 267:274 arg1 composition 282:292 membrane lipid composition 267:292 membrane lipid composition 267:292 The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. 28439040 6 67 theme bacterial 1041:1049 arg1 fitness 1051:1057 bacterial fitness 1041:1057 bacterial fitness 1041:1057 We found that alterations in phospholipids impair the cellular envelope structure and function, the ability to form biofilms, and bacterial fitness and cause phospholipid-dependent susceptibility to environmental stresses. 28439040 8 68 theme cell 1683:1686 arg1 shape 1688:1692 cell shape 1683:1692 cell shape 1683:1692 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 9 69 from phospholipids 1783:1795 arg1 coli 1812:1815 Escherichia coli 1800:1815 Escherichia coli 1800:1815 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 0 70 theme Stress 99:104 arg1 Adaptation 106:115 Bacterial Stress Adaptation 89:115 Bacterial Stress Adaptation 89:115 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 9 71 theme envelope 1861:1868 arg1 integrity 1870:1878 envelope integrity 1861:1878 envelope integrity 1861:1878 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 0 72 from coli 59:62 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 0:116 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 5 73 theme membrane 745:752 arg1 composition 767:777 the membrane phospholipid composition 741:777 the membrane phospholipid composition 741:777 By using genetically modified strains in which the membrane phospholipid composition can be systematically manipulated, we show that alterations in major Escherichia coli phospholipids transform these cells globally. 28439040 7 74 theme bacterial 1238:1246 arg1 phospholipids 1248:1260 bacterial phospholipids 1238:1260 bacterial phospholipids 1238:1260 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 5 75 from alterations 827:837 arg1 phospholipids 865:877 major Escherichia coli phospholipids 842:877 major Escherichia coli phospholipids 842:877 By using genetically modified strains in which the membrane phospholipid composition can be systematically manipulated, we show that alterations in major Escherichia coli phospholipids transform these cells globally. 28439040 9 76 theme cell 1885:1888 arg1 physiology 1890:1899 cell physiology 1885:1899 cell physiology 1885:1899 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 8 77 theme systematic 1615:1624 arg1 alterations 1641:1651 systematic and controlled alterations 1615:1651 systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids 1615:1678 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 3 78 theme precise 436:442 arg1 roles 444:448 the precise roles 432:448 the precise roles played by membrane phospholipids in bacterial physiology and stress adaptation 432:527 However, the precise roles played by membrane phospholipids in bacterial physiology and stress adaptation are not fully elucidated. 28439040 0 79 theme Phospholipid 19:30 arg1 Alterations 32:42 Membrane Phospholipid Alterations 10:42 Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli 10:62 Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation. 28439040 7 80 theme bacterial 1375:1383 arg1 physiology 1385:1394 bacterial physiology 1375:1394 bacterial physiology 1375:1394 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 8 81 theme controlled 1630:1639 arg1 alterations 1641:1651 systematic and controlled alterations 1615:1651 systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids 1615:1678 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 8 82 from effects 1604:1610 arg1 shape 1688:1692 cell shape 1683:1692 cell shape 1683:1692 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 8 82 from effects 1604:1610 arg1 adaptation 1718:1727 stress adaptation 1711:1727 stress adaptation 1711:1727 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 8 82 from effects 1604:1610 arg1 physiology 1695:1704 physiology 1695:1704 physiology 1695:1704 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 8 82 from effects 1604:1610 arg1 phospholipids 1666:1678 bacterial phospholipids 1656:1678 bacterial phospholipids 1656:1678 In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. 28439040 6 83 theme phospholipid-dependent 1069:1090 arg1 susceptibility 1092:1105 phospholipid-dependent susceptibility 1069:1105 phospholipid-dependent susceptibility to environmental stresses 1069:1131 We found that alterations in phospholipids impair the cellular envelope structure and function, the ability to form biofilms, and bacterial fitness and cause phospholipid-dependent susceptibility to environmental stresses. 28439040 9 84 theme biofilm 1913:1919 arg1 formation 1921:1929 biofilm formation 1913:1929 biofilm formation 1913:1929 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 3 85 theme membrane 460:467 arg1 phospholipids 469:481 membrane phospholipids 460:481 membrane phospholipids 460:481 However, the precise roles played by membrane phospholipids in bacterial physiology and stress adaptation are not fully elucidated. 28439040 7 86 theme lipid-dependent 1337:1351 arg1 processes 1353:1361 lipid-dependent processes 1337:1361 lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions 1337:1566 This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipid-dependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. 28439040 3 87 theme stress 511:516 arg1 adaptation 518:527 stress adaptation 511:527 stress adaptation 511:527 However, the precise roles played by membrane phospholipids in bacterial physiology and stress adaptation are not fully elucidated. 28439040 9 88 theme envelope 1941:1948 arg1 remodeling 1950:1959 cellular envelope remodeling 1932:1959 cellular envelope remodeling 1932:1959 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 4 89 theme membrane 604:611 arg1 phospholipids 613:625 membrane phospholipids 604:625 membrane phospholipids 604:625 The goal of this study was to define the role of membrane phospholipids in adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness. 28439040 9 90 contain have 1817:1820 arg2 effects 1834:1840 detrimental effects 1822:1840 detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses 1822:2003 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 28439040 9 90 contain have 1817:1820 arg1 alterations 1759:1769 alterations 1759:1769 alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli 1759:1815 We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. 27314759 6 0 theme divalent 727:734 arg1 Mg 756:757 Mg 756:757 Mg(2+) 756:761 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 6 0 theme divalent 727:734 arg1 Ca 745:746 Ca 745:746 Ca(2+ ) 745:751 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 6 0 theme divalent 727:734 arg1 cations 736:742 divalent cations 727:742 divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) 727:762 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 2 1 theme food 272:275 arg1 compositions 277:288 several food compositions 264:288 several food compositions 264:288 To better understand the fate of dietary DNA in the digestive tract, in this study we investigated the effects of several food compositions on its digestion. 27314759 8 2 theme dietary 1025:1031 arg1 habits 1033:1038 dietary habits 1025:1038 dietary habits 1025:1038 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 0 3 from effects 4:10 arg1 digestion 38:46 the digestion 34:46 the digestion of DNA by pepsin 34:63 The effects of food components on the digestion of DNA by pepsin. 27314759 2 4 theme several 264:270 arg1 compositions 277:288 several food compositions 264:288 several food compositions 264:288 To better understand the fate of dietary DNA in the digestive tract, in this study we investigated the effects of several food compositions on its digestion. 27314759 5 5 theme carbohydrate 565:576 arg1 ratio 582:586 the carbohydrate:DNA ratio 561:586 the carbohydrate:DNA ratio 561:586 When the carbohydrate:DNA ratio was 50:1-140:1 (m/m), mono-, di- and polysaccharides did not inhibit DNA digestion. 27314759 8 6 theme DNA 1124:1126 arg1 fate 1103:1106 the in vivo fate 1091:1106 the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract 1091:1149 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 4 7 located found 430:434 arg2 DNA 426:428 DNA 426:428 DNA found in nucleoprotein (NA), which more closely resembles the state of DNA in food, 426:512 DNA found in nucleoprotein (NA), which more closely resembles the state of DNA in food, was as efficiently digested as naked DNA. 27314759 4 7 located found 430:434 arg1 NA 454:455 NA 454:455 NA 454:455 DNA found in nucleoprotein (NA), which more closely resembles the state of DNA in food, was as efficiently digested as naked DNA. 27314759 4 7 located found 430:434 arg1 nucleoprotein 439:451 nucleoprotein 439:451 nucleoprotein (NA) 439:456 DNA found in nucleoprotein (NA), which more closely resembles the state of DNA in food, was as efficiently digested as naked DNA. 27314759 4 7 located found 430:434 arg2 DNA 551:553 naked DNA 545:553 naked DNA 545:553 DNA found in nucleoprotein (NA), which more closely resembles the state of DNA in food, was as efficiently digested as naked DNA. 27314759 6 8 dep cations 736:742 arg1 2+ 759:760 2+ 759:760 2+ 759:760 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 6 8 dep cations 736:742 arg1 2+  748:750 2+  748:750 2+  748:750 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 6 8 dep cations 736:742 arg1 Mg 756:757 Mg 756:757 Mg(2+) 756:761 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 6 8 dep cations 736:742 arg1 Ca 745:746 Ca 745:746 Ca(2+ ) 745:751 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 6 8 dep cations 736:742 arg1 cations 736:742 divalent cations 727:742 divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) 727:762 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 4 9 theme naked 545:549 arg1 DNA 426:428 DNA 426:428 DNA found in nucleoprotein (NA), which more closely resembles the state of DNA in food, 426:512 DNA found in nucleoprotein (NA), which more closely resembles the state of DNA in food, was as efficiently digested as naked DNA. 27314759 4 9 theme naked 545:549 arg1 DNA 551:553 naked DNA 545:553 naked DNA 545:553 DNA found in nucleoprotein (NA), which more closely resembles the state of DNA in food, was as efficiently digested as naked DNA. 27314759 3 10 theme DNA 388:390 arg1 ratio 392:396 the protein:DNA ratio 376:396 the protein:DNA ratio 376:396 The results showed that protein inhibited the digestion of DNA when the protein:DNA ratio was higher than 80:1 (m/m). 27314759 3 10 theme DNA 388:390 arg1 higher 402:407 higher 402:407 higher 402:407 The results showed that protein inhibited the digestion of DNA when the protein:DNA ratio was higher than 80:1 (m/m). 27314759 5 11 theme DNA 578:580 arg1 ratio 582:586 the carbohydrate:DNA ratio 561:586 the carbohydrate:DNA ratio 561:586 When the carbohydrate:DNA ratio was 50:1-140:1 (m/m), mono-, di- and polysaccharides did not inhibit DNA digestion. 27314759 2 12 from effects 253:259 arg1 digestion 297:305 its digestion 293:305 its digestion 293:305 To better understand the fate of dietary DNA in the digestive tract, in this study we investigated the effects of several food compositions on its digestion. 27314759 2 13 theme digestive 202:210 arg1 tract 212:216 the digestive tract 198:216 the digestive tract 198:216 To better understand the fate of dietary DNA in the digestive tract, in this study we investigated the effects of several food compositions on its digestion. 27314759 8 14 theme food 1044:1047 arg1 complexes 1049:1057 food complexes 1044:1057 food complexes 1044:1057 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 2 15 from fate 175:178 arg1 tract 212:216 the digestive tract 198:216 the digestive tract 198:216 To better understand the fate of dietary DNA in the digestive tract, in this study we investigated the effects of several food compositions on its digestion. 27314759 8 16 dep in 1095:1096 arg1 vivo 1098:1101 vivo 1098:1101 vivo 1098:1101 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 7 17 theme NH3 922:924 arg1  = 10:1 936:942 N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1 917:942 N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1 917:942 The polycation compounds (e.g. chitosan and spermine) showed a significant inhibitory effect at N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1. 27314759 6 18 theme inhibitory 690:699 arg1 effect 701:706 an inhibitory effect 687:706 an inhibitory effect 687:706 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 8 19 from fate 1103:1106 arg1 tract 1145:1149 the digestive tract 1131:1149 the digestive tract 1131:1149 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 8 20 theme close 949:953 arg1 relationship 955:966 The close relationship 945:966 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion 945:1009 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 0 21 theme food 15:18 arg1 components 20:29 food components 15:29 food components 15:29 The effects of food components on the digestion of DNA by pepsin. 27314759 8 22 theme digestive 1135:1143 arg1 tract 1145:1149 the digestive tract 1131:1149 the digestive tract 1131:1149 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 7 23 theme polycation 825:834 arg1 compounds 836:844 The polycation compounds 821:844 The polycation compounds (e.g. chitosan and spermine) 821:873 The polycation compounds (e.g. chitosan and spermine) showed a significant inhibitory effect at N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1. 27314759 8 24 theme food 976:979 arg1 composition 981:991 food composition 976:991 food composition 976:991 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 8 25 theme in 1095:1096 arg1 fate 1103:1106 the in vivo fate 1091:1106 the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract 1091:1149 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 3 26 theme protein 380:386 arg1 ratio 392:396 the protein:DNA ratio 376:396 the protein:DNA ratio 376:396 The results showed that protein inhibited the digestion of DNA when the protein:DNA ratio was higher than 80:1 (m/m). 27314759 3 26 theme protein 380:386 arg1 higher 402:407 higher 402:407 higher 402:407 The results showed that protein inhibited the digestion of DNA when the protein:DNA ratio was higher than 80:1 (m/m). 27314759 3 27 theme DNA 367:369 arg1 digestion 354:362 the digestion 350:362 the digestion of DNA 350:369 The results showed that protein inhibited the digestion of DNA when the protein:DNA ratio was higher than 80:1 (m/m). 27314759 5 28 theme DNA 657:659 arg1 digestion 661:669 DNA digestion 657:669 DNA digestion 657:669 When the carbohydrate:DNA ratio was 50:1-140:1 (m/m), mono-, di- and polysaccharides did not inhibit DNA digestion. 27314759 0 29 theme components 20:29 arg1 effects 4:10 The effects 0:10 The effects of food components on the digestion of DNA by pepsin 0:63 The effects of food components on the digestion of DNA by pepsin. 27314759 5 30 dep 50:1-140:1 592:601 arg1 m/m 604:606 m/m 604:606 m/m 604:606 When the carbohydrate:DNA ratio was 50:1-140:1 (m/m), mono-, di- and polysaccharides did not inhibit DNA digestion. 27314759 7 31 theme N/P 917:919 arg1  = 10:1 936:942 N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1 917:942 N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1 917:942 The polycation compounds (e.g. chitosan and spermine) showed a significant inhibitory effect at N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1. 27314759 4 32 theme DNA 501:503 arg1 state 492:496 the state 488:496 the state of DNA 488:503 DNA found in nucleoprotein (NA), which more closely resembles the state of DNA in food, was as efficiently digested as naked DNA. 27314759 7 33 theme significant 884:894 arg1 effect 907:912 a significant inhibitory effect 882:912 a significant inhibitory effect 882:912 The polycation compounds (e.g. chitosan and spermine) showed a significant inhibitory effect at N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1. 27314759 7 34 theme /PO4 928:931 arg1  = 10:1 936:942 N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1 917:942 N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1 917:942 The polycation compounds (e.g. chitosan and spermine) showed a significant inhibitory effect at N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1. 27314759 8 35 theme ingested 1115:1122 arg1 DNA 1124:1126 the ingested DNA 1111:1126 the ingested DNA 1111:1126 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 7 36 theme inhibitory 896:905 arg1 effect 907:912 a significant inhibitory effect 882:912 a significant inhibitory effect 882:912 The polycation compounds (e.g. chitosan and spermine) showed a significant inhibitory effect at N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1. 27314759 8 37 theme DNA 997:999 arg1 digestion 1001:1009 DNA digestion 997:1009 DNA digestion 997:1009 The close relationship between food composition and DNA digestion suggests that dietary habits and food complexes are important for understanding the in vivo fate of the ingested DNA in the digestive tract. 27314759 6 38 theme inhibitory 788:797 arg1 effect 799:804 a much stronger inhibitory effect 772:804 a much stronger inhibitory effect 772:804 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 2 39 theme DNA 191:193 arg1 fate 175:178 the fate 171:178 the fate of dietary DNA in the digestive tract 171:216 To better understand the fate of dietary DNA in the digestive tract, in this study we investigated the effects of several food compositions on its digestion. 27314759 1 40 theme naked 97:101 arg1 acids 111:115 naked nucleic acids 97:115 naked nucleic acids (NAs) 97:121 Recently, our study found that naked nucleic acids (NAs) can be digested by pepsin. 27314759 1 40 theme naked 97:101 arg1 NAs 118:120 NAs 118:120 NAs 118:120 Recently, our study found that naked nucleic acids (NAs) can be digested by pepsin. 27314759 6 41 theme stronger 779:786 arg1 effect 799:804 a much stronger inhibitory effect 772:804 a much stronger inhibitory effect 772:804 NaCl exhibited an inhibitory effect at 300 mM, whereas divalent cations (Ca(2+ )and Mg(2+)) exerted a much stronger inhibitory effect even at 50 mM. 27314759 0 42 theme DNA 51:53 arg1 digestion 38:46 the digestion 34:46 the digestion of DNA by pepsin 34:63 The effects of food components on the digestion of DNA by pepsin. 27314759 2 43 theme dietary 183:189 arg1 DNA 191:193 dietary DNA 183:193 dietary DNA 183:193 To better understand the fate of dietary DNA in the digestive tract, in this study we investigated the effects of several food compositions on its digestion. 27314759 1 44 theme nucleic 103:109 arg1 acids 111:115 naked nucleic acids 97:115 naked nucleic acids (NAs) 97:121 Recently, our study found that naked nucleic acids (NAs) can be digested by pepsin. 27314759 1 44 theme nucleic 103:109 arg1 NAs 118:120 NAs 118:120 NAs 118:120 Recently, our study found that naked nucleic acids (NAs) can be digested by pepsin. 27314759 7 45 dep chitosan 852:859 arg1 e.g. 847:850 e.g. 847:850 e.g. 847:850 The polycation compounds (e.g. chitosan and spermine) showed a significant inhibitory effect at N/P (NH3(+)/PO4(-)) = 10:1. 27314759 2 46 theme compositions 277:288 arg1 effects 253:259 the effects 249:259 the effects of several food compositions on its digestion 249:305 To better understand the fate of dietary DNA in the digestive tract, in this study we investigated the effects of several food compositions on its digestion. 25617132 6 0 theme morphometric 1071:1082 arg1 analysis 1084:1091 3D morphometric analysis 1068:1091 3D morphometric analysis 1068:1091 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 9 1 theme biomechanical 1817:1829 arg1 analyses 1831:1838 biochemical and biomechanical analyses 1801:1838 biochemical and biomechanical analyses 1801:1838 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 25617132 6 2 contain have 1127:1130 arg2 porosity 1134:1141 a porosity 1132:1141 a porosity of 75% 1132:1148 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 6 2 contain have 1127:1130 arg2 size 1164:1167 mean pore size 1154:1167 mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm 1154:1181 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 6 2 contain have 1127:1130 arg1 scaffolds 1117:1125 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1105:1125 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1105:1125 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 9 3 theme BNC 1593:1595 arg1 scaffolds 1597:1605 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1585:1605 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1585:1605 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 25617132 6 4 theme 25 1177:1178 arg1 ± 1175:1175 ± 1175:1175 ± 1175:1175 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 6 5 theme mean 1154:1157 arg1 size 1164:1167 mean pore size 1154:1167 mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm 1154:1181 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 6 6 theme % 1148:1148 arg1 porosity 1134:1141 a porosity 1132:1141 a porosity of 75% 1132:1148 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 6 6 theme % 1148:1148 arg1 size 1164:1167 mean pore size 1154:1167 mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm 1154:1181 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 4 7 theme nanocellulose 604:616 arg1 layer 618:622 a dense nanocellulose layer 596:622 a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate 596:694 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 5 8 theme low 869:871 arg1 number 873:878 a low number 867:878 a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate 867:1011 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 9 9 theme suitable 1617:1624 arg1 environment 1626:1636 a suitable environment 1615:1636 a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses 1615:1838 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 25617132 4 10 theme human 714:718 arg1 NC 745:746 NC 745:746 NC 745:746 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 4 10 theme human 714:718 arg1 chondrocytes 731:742 human nasoseptal chondrocytes 714:742 human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) 714:747 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 2 11 theme scaffold 329:336 arg1 nanocellulose 282:294 Bacterial nanocellulose 272:294 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) 272:300 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 2 11 theme scaffold 329:336 arg1 material 338:345 a promising scaffold material 317:345 a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction 317:384 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 1 12 theme auricular 203:211 arg1 cartilage 213:221 auricular cartilage 203:221 auricular cartilage 203:221 Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage by using ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage. 25617132 7 13 dep non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 arg1 EU/ml 1331:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 13 dep non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 arg1 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 13 dep non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 arg1 scaffolds 1289:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 5 14 theme bilayer 828:834 arg1 scaffolds 840:848 bilayer BNC scaffolds 828:848 bilayer BNC scaffolds 828:848 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 1 15 theme ear-shaped 232:241 arg1 cartilage 261:269 ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage 232:269 ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage 232:269 Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage by using ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage. 25617132 7 16 theme ± 1324:1324 arg1 EU/ml 1331:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 16 theme ± 1324:1324 arg1 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 16 theme ± 1324:1324 arg1 scaffolds 1289:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 5 17 theme human 913:917 arg1 NCs 919:921 freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs 883:921 freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate 883:1011 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 6 18 theme 50 1172:1173 arg1 ± 1175:1175 ± 1175:1175 ± 1175:1175 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 1 19 theme Tissue 101:106 arg1 engineering 108:118 Tissue engineering 101:118 Tissue engineering 101:118 Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage by using ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage. 25617132 5 20 theme nude 1045:1048 arg1 mice 1050:1053 nude mice 1045:1053 nude mice 1045:1053 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 1 21 theme alternative 141:151 arg1 therapy 153:159 a promising alternative therapy 129:159 a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage 129:221 Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage by using ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage. 25617132 1 22 theme promising 131:139 arg1 therapy 153:159 a promising alternative therapy 129:159 a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage 129:221 Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage by using ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage. 25617132 5 23 theme BNC 836:838 arg1 scaffolds 840:848 bilayer BNC scaffolds 828:848 bilayer BNC scaffolds 828:848 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 5 24 theme isolated 891:898 arg1 NCs 919:921 freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs 883:921 freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate 883:1011 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 9 25 theme isolated 1699:1706 arg1 NCs 1708:1710 freshly isolated NCs 1691:1710 freshly isolated NCs 1691:1710 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 25617132 8 26 theme bilayer 1416:1422 arg1 scaffolds 1428:1436 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1416:1436 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1416:1436 This study demonstrates that bilayer BNC scaffolds offer a good mechanical stability and maintain a structural integrity while providing a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth. 25617132 1 27 theme complex 168:174 arg1 reconstruction 185:198 the complex surgical reconstruction 164:198 the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage 164:221 Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage by using ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage. 25617132 7 28 dep in 1220:1221 arg1 vitro 1223:1227 vitro 1223:1227 vitro 1223:1227 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 8 29 theme mechanical 1451:1460 arg1 stability 1462:1470 a good mechanical stability 1444:1470 a good mechanical stability 1444:1470 This study demonstrates that bilayer BNC scaffolds offer a good mechanical stability and maintain a structural integrity while providing a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth. 25617132 0 30 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 scaffold 38:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold 0:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold 0:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold supports neocartilage formation in vitro and in vivo. 25617132 7 31 theme bilayer 1277:1283 arg1 EU/ml 1331:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 31 theme bilayer 1277:1283 arg1 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 31 theme bilayer 1277:1283 arg1 scaffolds 1289:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 3 32 theme bilayer 496:502 arg1 scaffold 508:515 a novel bilayer BNC scaffold 488:515 a novel bilayer BNC scaffold for auricular cartilage tissue engineering 488:558 Thus, this study evaluates a novel bilayer BNC scaffold for auricular cartilage tissue engineering. 25617132 0 33 theme bacterial 14:22 arg1 scaffold 38:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold 0:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold 0:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold supports neocartilage formation in vitro and in vivo. 25617132 5 34 theme human 954:958 arg1 cells 972:976 human mononuclear cells 954:976 freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate 937:1011 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 5 34 theme human 954:958 arg1 MNC 979:981 MNC 979:981 MNC 979:981 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 4 35 theme dense 598:602 arg1 layer 618:622 a dense nanocellulose layer 596:622 a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate 596:694 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 4 36 theme BNC 569:571 arg1 scaffolds 573:581 Bilayer BNC scaffolds 561:581 Bilayer BNC scaffolds 561:581 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 3 37 theme auricular 521:529 arg1 engineering 548:558 auricular cartilage tissue engineering 521:558 auricular cartilage tissue engineering 521:558 Thus, this study evaluates a novel bilayer BNC scaffold for auricular cartilage tissue engineering. 25617132 5 38 theme clinical 806:813 arg1 translation 815:825 clinical translation 806:825 clinical translation 806:825 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 6 39 theme BNC 1113:1115 arg1 scaffolds 1117:1125 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1105:1125 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1105:1125 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 2 40 theme Bacterial 272:280 arg1 nanocellulose 282:294 Bacterial nanocellulose 272:294 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) 272:300 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 2 40 theme Bacterial 272:280 arg1 material 338:345 a promising scaffold material 317:345 a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction 317:384 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 2 40 theme Bacterial 272:280 arg1 BNC 297:299 BNC 297:299 BNC 297:299 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 2 41 theme auricular 351:359 arg1 reconstruction 371:384 auricular cartilage reconstruction 351:384 auricular cartilage reconstruction 351:384 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 1 42 theme autologous 243:252 arg1 cartilage 261:269 ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage 232:269 ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage 232:269 Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage by using ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage. 25617132 7 43 theme in 1220:1221 arg1 testing 1242:1248 in vitro cytotoxicity testing 1220:1248 in vitro cytotoxicity testing 1220:1248 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 8 44 theme porous 1526:1531 arg1 architecture 1533:1544 a porous architecture 1524:1544 a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth 1524:1572 This study demonstrates that bilayer BNC scaffolds offer a good mechanical stability and maintain a structural integrity while providing a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth. 25617132 2 45 theme tissue 441:446 arg1 integration 448:458 tissue integration 441:458 tissue integration 441:458 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 7 46 theme cytotoxicity 1229:1240 arg1 testing 1242:1248 in vitro cytotoxicity testing 1220:1248 in vitro cytotoxicity testing 1220:1248 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 3 47 theme tissue 541:546 arg1 engineering 548:558 auricular cartilage tissue engineering 521:558 auricular cartilage tissue engineering 521:558 Thus, this study evaluates a novel bilayer BNC scaffold for auricular cartilage tissue engineering. 25617132 9 48 theme bilayer 1585:1591 arg1 scaffolds 1597:1605 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1585:1605 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1585:1605 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 25617132 6 49 theme 3D 1068:1069 arg1 analysis 1084:1091 3D morphometric analysis 1068:1091 3D morphometric analysis 1068:1091 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 8 50 theme cell 1560:1563 arg1 ingrowth 1565:1572 cell ingrowth 1560:1572 cell ingrowth 1560:1572 This study demonstrates that bilayer BNC scaffolds offer a good mechanical stability and maintain a structural integrity while providing a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth. 25617132 7 51 theme ± 1378:1378 arg1 % 1383:1383 97.8 ± 4.7% 1373:1383 cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7% 1357:1383 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 5 52 from marrow 994:999 arg1 cells 972:976 human mononuclear cells 954:976 freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate 937:1011 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 5 52 from marrow 994:999 arg1 MNC 979:981 MNC 979:981 MNC 979:981 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 5 52 from marrow 994:999 arg1 alginate 1004:1011 alginate 1004:1011 alginate 1004:1011 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 1 53 theme surgical 176:183 arg1 reconstruction 185:198 the complex surgical reconstruction 164:198 the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage 164:221 Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage by using ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage. 25617132 0 54 theme neocartilage 56:67 arg1 formation 69:77 neocartilage formation 56:77 neocartilage formation 56:77 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold supports neocartilage formation in vitro and in vivo. 25617132 7 55 theme cell 1357:1360 arg1 viability 1362:1370 cell viability 1357:1370 cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7% 1357:1383 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 2 56 theme promising 319:327 arg1 nanocellulose 282:294 Bacterial nanocellulose 272:294 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) 272:300 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 2 56 theme promising 319:327 arg1 material 338:345 a promising scaffold material 317:345 a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction 317:384 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 1 57 theme cartilage 213:221 arg1 reconstruction 185:198 the complex surgical reconstruction 164:198 the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage 164:221 Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage by using ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage. 25617132 7 58 dep non-cytotoxic 1342:1354 arg1 viability 1362:1370 cell viability 1357:1370 cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7% 1357:1383 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 9 59 theme culture-expanded 1642:1657 arg1 NCs 1659:1661 culture-expanded NCs 1642:1661 culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses 1642:1838 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 25617132 4 60 dep 6 781:781 arg1 to 778:779 to 778:779 to 778:779 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 4 61 theme nanocellulose 669:681 arg1 layer 660:664 a macroporous composite layer 636:664 a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate 636:694 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 2 62 theme cartilage 361:369 arg1 reconstruction 371:384 auricular cartilage reconstruction 351:384 auricular cartilage reconstruction 351:384 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 6 63 theme μm 1180:1181 arg1 porosity 1134:1141 a porosity 1132:1141 a porosity of 75% 1132:1148 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 6 63 theme μm 1180:1181 arg1 size 1164:1167 mean pore size 1154:1167 mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm 1154:1181 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 4 64 theme alginate 687:694 arg1 layer 660:664 a macroporous composite layer 636:664 a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate 636:694 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 8 65 dep integrity 1498:1506 arg1 providing 1514:1522 providing 1514:1522 providing a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth 1514:1572 This study demonstrates that bilayer BNC scaffolds offer a good mechanical stability and maintain a structural integrity while providing a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth. 25617132 7 66 dep viability 1362:1370 arg1 % 1383:1383 97.8 ± 4.7% 1373:1383 cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7% 1357:1383 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 5 67 theme NCs 919:921 arg1 number 873:878 a low number 867:878 a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate 867:1011 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 7 68 theme 0.15 1319:1322 arg1 EU/ml 1331:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 68 theme 0.15 1319:1322 arg1 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 68 theme 0.15 1319:1322 arg1 scaffolds 1289:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 8 69 theme BNC 1424:1426 arg1 scaffolds 1428:1436 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1416:1436 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1416:1436 This study demonstrates that bilayer BNC scaffolds offer a good mechanical stability and maintain a structural integrity while providing a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth. 25617132 6 70 theme pore 1159:1162 arg1 size 1164:1167 mean pore size 1154:1167 mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm 1154:1181 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 4 71 theme nasoseptal 720:729 arg1 NC 745:746 NC 745:746 NC 745:746 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 4 71 theme nasoseptal 720:729 arg1 chondrocytes 731:742 human nasoseptal chondrocytes 714:742 human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) 714:747 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 9 72 theme NCs 1708:1710 arg1 NCs 1659:1661 culture-expanded NCs 1642:1661 culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses 1642:1838 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 25617132 9 72 theme NCs 1708:1710 arg1 combination 1676:1686 a combination 1674:1686 culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses 1642:1838 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 25617132 4 73 theme Bilayer 561:567 arg1 scaffolds 573:581 Bilayer BNC scaffolds 561:581 Bilayer BNC scaffolds 561:581 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 5 74 theme mononuclear 960:970 arg1 cells 972:976 human mononuclear cells 954:976 freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate 937:1011 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 5 74 theme mononuclear 960:970 arg1 MNC 979:981 MNC 979:981 MNC 979:981 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 9 75 theme MNCs 1716:1719 arg1 NCs 1659:1661 culture-expanded NCs 1642:1661 culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses 1642:1838 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 25617132 9 75 theme MNCs 1716:1719 arg1 combination 1676:1686 a combination 1674:1686 culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses 1642:1838 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 25617132 8 76 theme good 1446:1449 arg1 stability 1462:1470 a good mechanical stability 1444:1470 a good mechanical stability 1444:1470 This study demonstrates that bilayer BNC scaffolds offer a good mechanical stability and maintain a structural integrity while providing a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth. 25617132 7 77 theme BNC 1285:1287 arg1 EU/ml 1331:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 77 theme BNC 1285:1287 arg1 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 77 theme BNC 1285:1287 arg1 scaffolds 1289:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 4 78 theme macroporous 638:648 arg1 layer 660:664 a macroporous composite layer 636:664 a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate 636:694 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 0 79 theme bilayer 6:12 arg1 scaffold 38:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold 0:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold 0:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold supports neocartilage formation in vitro and in vivo. 25617132 7 80 theme produced 1268:1275 arg1 EU/ml 1331:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml 1319:1335 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 80 theme produced 1268:1275 arg1 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 non-pyrogenic 1304:1316 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 7 80 theme produced 1268:1275 arg1 scaffolds 1289:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds 1264:1297 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 2 81 theme excellent 402:410 arg1 biocompatibility 412:427 excellent biocompatibility 402:427 excellent biocompatibility 402:427 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is proposed as a promising scaffold material for auricular cartilage reconstruction, as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility and secures tissue integration. 25617132 0 82 theme nanocellulose 24:36 arg1 scaffold 38:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold 0:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold 0:45 Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold supports neocartilage formation in vitro and in vivo. 25617132 5 83 theme isolated 945:952 arg1 cells 972:976 human mononuclear cells 954:976 freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate 937:1011 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 5 83 theme isolated 945:952 arg1 MNC 979:981 MNC 979:981 MNC 979:981 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 8 84 theme structural 1487:1496 arg1 integrity 1498:1506 a structural integrity 1485:1506 a structural integrity while providing a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth 1485:1572 This study demonstrates that bilayer BNC scaffolds offer a good mechanical stability and maintain a structural integrity while providing a porous architecture that supports cell ingrowth. 25617132 5 85 dep isolated 891:898 arg1 uncultured 901:910 uncultured 901:910 uncultured 901:910 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 3 86 theme BNC 504:506 arg1 scaffold 508:515 a novel bilayer BNC scaffold 488:515 a novel bilayer BNC scaffold for auricular cartilage tissue engineering 488:558 Thus, this study evaluates a novel bilayer BNC scaffold for auricular cartilage tissue engineering. 25617132 3 87 theme novel 490:494 arg1 scaffold 508:515 a novel bilayer BNC scaffold 488:515 a novel bilayer BNC scaffold for auricular cartilage tissue engineering 488:558 Thus, this study evaluates a novel bilayer BNC scaffold for auricular cartilage tissue engineering. 25617132 3 88 theme cartilage 531:539 arg1 engineering 548:558 auricular cartilage tissue engineering 521:558 auricular cartilage tissue engineering 521:558 Thus, this study evaluates a novel bilayer BNC scaffold for auricular cartilage tissue engineering. 25617132 6 89 theme bilayer 1105:1111 arg1 scaffolds 1117:1125 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1105:1125 bilayer BNC scaffolds 1105:1125 3D morphometric analysis showed that bilayer BNC scaffolds have a porosity of 75% and mean pore size of 50 ± 25 μm. 25617132 4 90 theme composite 650:658 arg1 layer 660:664 a macroporous composite layer 636:664 a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate 636:694 Bilayer BNC scaffolds, composed of a dense nanocellulose layer joined with a macroporous composite layer of nanocellulose and alginate, were seeded with human nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) and cultured in vitro for up to 6 weeks. 25617132 1 91 theme costal 254:259 arg1 cartilage 261:269 ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage 232:269 ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage 232:269 Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative therapy to the complex surgical reconstruction of auricular cartilage by using ear-shaped autologous costal cartilage. 25617132 5 92 theme bone 989:992 arg1 marrow 994:999 bone marrow 989:999 bone marrow in alginate 989:1011 To scale up for clinical translation, bilayer BNC scaffolds were seeded with a low number of freshly isolated (uncultured) human NCs combined with freshly isolated human mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow in alginate and subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 8 weeks. 25617132 7 93 theme endotoxin 1197:1205 arg1 analysis 1207:1214 endotoxin analysis 1197:1214 endotoxin analysis 1197:1214 Furthermore, endotoxin analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the produced bilayer BNC scaffolds were non-pyrogenic (0.15 ± 0.09 EU/ml) and non-cytotoxic (cell viability: 97.8 ± 4.7%). 25617132 9 94 theme biochemical 1801:1811 arg1 analyses 1831:1838 biochemical and biomechanical analyses 1801:1838 biochemical and biomechanical analyses 1801:1838 Moreover, bilayer BNC scaffolds provide a suitable environment for culture-expanded NCs as well as a combination of freshly isolated NCs and MNCs to form cartilage in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, biochemical and biomechanical analyses. 28650071 10 0 dep © 1489:1489 arg1 Inc. 1515:1518 Inc. 1515:1518 Inc. 1515:1518 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28650071 5 1 theme parental 1162:1169 arg1 strain 1171:1176 the parental strain 1158:1176 the parental strain 1158:1176 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 6 2 theme natural 1347:1353 arg1 mechanism 1355:1363 the natural mechanism 1343:1363 the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP 1343:1445 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 5 3 dep A. 930:931 arg1 cellulolyticus 933:946 cellulolyticus 933:946 cellulolyticus 933:946 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 5 4 theme GH5 1007:1009 arg1 enzymes 1012:1018 E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes 989:1018 E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes 989:1018 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 6 5 theme directions 1418:1427 arg1 mechanism 1355:1363 the natural mechanism 1343:1363 the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP 1343:1445 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 3 6 dep production 512:521 arg1 the 508:510 the 508:510 the 508:510 This is accomplished by the production and secretion of free, multi-domain enzymes that outperform commercial enzyme cocktails on some substrates. 28650071 3 7 theme enzymes 559:565 arg1 secretion 527:535 secretion 527:535 secretion 527:535 This is accomplished by the production and secretion of free, multi-domain enzymes that outperform commercial enzyme cocktails on some substrates. 28650071 3 7 theme enzymes 559:565 arg1 production 512:521 production 512:521 production 512:521 This is accomplished by the production and secretion of free, multi-domain enzymes that outperform commercial enzyme cocktails on some substrates. 28650071 0 8 theme In 0:1 arg1 activity 20:27 In vivo synergistic activity 0:27 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus 0:81 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome. 28650071 6 9 dep composition 1254:1264 arg1 the 1250:1252 the 1250:1252 the 1250:1252 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 5 10 theme A. 930:931 arg1 GH12 979:982 GH12 979:982 GH12 979:982 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 5 10 theme A. 930:931 arg1 GH6 971:973 GH6 971:973 GH6 971:973 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 5 10 theme A. 930:931 arg1 β-glucanase 958:968 the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase 926:968 the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) 926:983 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 3 11 theme free 540:543 arg1 enzymes 559:565 free, multi-domain enzymes 540:565 free, multi-domain enzymes that outperform commercial enzyme cocktails on some substrates 540:628 This is accomplished by the production and secretion of free, multi-domain enzymes that outperform commercial enzyme cocktails on some substrates. 28650071 5 12 theme Acel_0615 948:956 arg1 GH12 979:982 GH12 979:982 GH12 979:982 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 5 12 theme Acel_0615 948:956 arg1 GH6 971:973 GH6 971:973 GH6 971:973 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 5 12 theme Acel_0615 948:956 arg1 β-glucanase 958:968 the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase 926:968 the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) 926:983 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 4 13 theme Caldicellulosiruptor 669:688 arg1 bescii 690:695 Caldicellulosiruptor bescii 669:695 Caldicellulosiruptor bescii 669:695 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 0 14 theme cellulolytic 110:121 arg1 activity 123:130 the cellulolytic activity 106:130 the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome 106:159 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome. 28650071 2 15 dep Gram-positive 352:364 arg1 anaerobic 367:375 anaerobic 367:375 anaerobic 367:375 Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) are capable of deconstructing plant biomass without enzymatic or chemical pretreatment. 28650071 1 16 theme microbial 173:181 arg1 cells 183:187 microbial cells 173:187 microbial cells 173:187 The use of microbial cells to convert plant biomass directly to fuels and chemicals is referred to as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). 28650071 6 17 theme future 1411:1416 arg1 directions 1418:1427 future directions 1411:1427 future directions for improving CBP 1411:1445 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 5 18 from Avicel 1139:1144 arg1 increase 1104:1111 an increase 1101:1111 an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel 1101:1144 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 4 19 from cellulolyticus 773:786 arg1 expression 733:742 the heterologous expression 716:742 the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates 716:860 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 4 19 from cellulolyticus 773:786 arg1 enzymes 747:753 enzymes 747:753 enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates 747:860 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 3 20 theme commercial 583:592 arg1 cocktails 601:609 commercial enzyme cocktails 583:609 commercial enzyme cocktails 583:609 This is accomplished by the production and secretion of free, multi-domain enzymes that outperform commercial enzyme cocktails on some substrates. 28650071 1 21 theme cells 183:187 arg1 bioprocessing 277:289 consolidated bioprocessing 264:289 consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) 264:295 The use of microbial cells to convert plant biomass directly to fuels and chemicals is referred to as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). 28650071 1 21 theme cells 183:187 arg1 use 166:168 The use 162:168 The use of microbial cells to convert plant biomass directly to fuels and chemicals 162:244 The use of microbial cells to convert plant biomass directly to fuels and chemicals is referred to as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). 28650071 2 22 theme enzymatic 448:456 arg1 pretreatment 470:481 enzymatic or chemical pretreatment 448:481 enzymatic or chemical pretreatment 448:481 Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) are capable of deconstructing plant biomass without enzymatic or chemical pretreatment. 28650071 1 23 theme consolidated 264:275 arg1 CBP 292:294 CBP 292:294 CBP 292:294 The use of microbial cells to convert plant biomass directly to fuels and chemicals is referred to as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). 28650071 1 23 theme consolidated 264:275 arg1 bioprocessing 277:289 consolidated bioprocessing 264:289 consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) 264:295 The use of microbial cells to convert plant biomass directly to fuels and chemicals is referred to as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). 28650071 1 23 theme consolidated 264:275 arg1 use 166:168 The use 162:168 The use of microbial cells to convert plant biomass directly to fuels and chemicals 162:244 The use of microbial cells to convert plant biomass directly to fuels and chemicals is referred to as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). 28650071 4 24 theme cell 882:885 arg1 growth 887:892 cell growth 882:892 cell growth 882:892 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 3 25 theme enzyme 594:599 arg1 cocktails 601:609 commercial enzyme cocktails 583:609 commercial enzyme cocktails 583:609 This is accomplished by the production and secretion of free, multi-domain enzymes that outperform commercial enzyme cocktails on some substrates. 28650071 0 26 theme CAZyme 34:39 arg1 cassette 41:48 a CAZyme cassette 32:48 a CAZyme cassette 32:48 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome. 28650071 4 27 theme bescii 690:695 arg1 exoproteome 654:664 the exoproteome 650:664 the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii 650:695 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 6 28 theme bacteria 1312:1319 arg1 exoproteome 1291:1301 the exoproteome 1287:1301 the exoproteome of these bacteria 1287:1319 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 5 29 from increase 1035:1042 arg1 activity 1051:1058 the activity 1047:1058 the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel 1047:1087 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 2 30 theme plant 426:430 arg1 biomass 432:438 plant biomass 426:438 plant biomass 426:438 Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) are capable of deconstructing plant biomass without enzymatic or chemical pretreatment. 28650071 0 31 theme synergistic 8:18 arg1 activity 20:27 In vivo synergistic activity 0:27 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus 0:81 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome. 28650071 5 32 theme E1 989:990 arg1 enzymes 1012:1018 E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes 989:1018 E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes 989:1018 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 6 33 theme deconstruction 1384:1397 arg1 mechanism 1355:1363 the natural mechanism 1343:1363 the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP 1343:1445 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 9 34 dep 2474-2480 1478:1486 arg1 2017 1468:1471 2017 1468:1471 2017 1468:1471 2017;114: 2474-2480. 28650071 1 35 theme plant 200:204 arg1 biomass 206:212 plant biomass 200:212 plant biomass 200:212 The use of microbial cells to convert plant biomass directly to fuels and chemicals is referred to as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). 28650071 4 36 theme heterologous 720:731 arg1 expression 733:742 the heterologous expression 716:742 the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates 716:860 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 0 37 theme bescii 142:147 arg1 exoproteome 149:159 the C. bescii exoproteome 135:159 the C. bescii exoproteome 135:159 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome. 28650071 0 38 from cellulolyticus 68:81 arg1 activity 20:27 In vivo synergistic activity 0:27 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus 0:81 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome. 28650071 6 39 theme plant 1368:1372 arg1 deconstruction 1384:1397 plant cell wall deconstruction 1368:1397 plant cell wall deconstruction 1368:1397 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 5 40 from growth 1116:1121 arg1 Avicel 1139:1144 Avicel 1139:1144 Avicel 1139:1144 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 5 41 dep well 1093:1096 arg1 compared 1146:1153 compared 1146:1153 compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone 1146:1223 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 0 42 theme C. 139:140 arg1 exoproteome 149:159 the C. bescii exoproteome 135:159 the C. bescii exoproteome 135:159 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome. 28650071 5 43 from exoproteome 1067:1077 arg1 Avicel 1082:1087 Avicel 1082:1087 Avicel 1082:1087 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 0 44 theme cassette 41:48 arg1 activity 20:27 In vivo synergistic activity 0:27 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus 0:81 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome. 28650071 3 45 dep free 540:543 arg1 multi-domain 546:557 multi-domain 546:557 multi-domain 546:557 This is accomplished by the production and secretion of free, multi-domain enzymes that outperform commercial enzyme cocktails on some substrates. 28650071 2 46 theme chemical 461:468 arg1 pretreatment 470:481 enzymatic or chemical pretreatment 448:481 enzymatic or chemical pretreatment 448:481 Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) are capable of deconstructing plant biomass without enzymatic or chemical pretreatment. 28650071 5 47 theme bescii 1129:1134 arg1 growth 1116:1121 growth 1116:1121 growth of C. bescii on Avicel 1116:1144 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 0 48 theme exoproteome 149:159 arg1 activity 123:130 the cellulolytic activity 106:130 the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome 106:159 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome. 28650071 2 49 theme genus 323:327 arg1 Members 298:304 Members 298:304 Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) 298:394 Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) are capable of deconstructing plant biomass without enzymatic or chemical pretreatment. 28650071 5 50 theme enzymes 1012:1018 arg1 co-expression 909:921 co-expression 909:921 co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes 909:1018 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 4 51 from substrates 851:860 arg1 release 830:836 sugar release 824:836 sugar release from complex substrates 824:860 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 2 52 theme bacterial 313:321 arg1 genus 323:327 the bacterial genus 309:327 the bacterial genus 309:327 Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) are capable of deconstructing plant biomass without enzymatic or chemical pretreatment. 28650071 2 52 theme bacterial 313:321 arg1 Caldicellulosiruptor 330:349 Caldicellulosiruptor 330:349 Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) 330:394 Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) are capable of deconstructing plant biomass without enzymatic or chemical pretreatment. 28650071 6 53 theme exoproteome 1291:1301 arg1 effectiveness 1270:1282 effectiveness 1270:1282 effectiveness 1270:1282 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 6 53 theme exoproteome 1291:1301 arg1 composition 1254:1264 composition 1254:1264 composition 1254:1264 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 5 54 theme endoglucanase 992:1004 arg1 enzymes 1012:1018 E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes 989:1018 E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes 989:1018 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 4 55 theme sugar 824:828 arg1 release 830:836 sugar release 824:836 sugar release from complex substrates 824:860 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 5 56 theme exoproteome 1067:1077 arg1 activity 1051:1058 the activity 1047:1058 the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel 1047:1087 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 5 57 theme β-glucanase 958:968 arg1 co-expression 909:921 co-expression 909:921 co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes 909:1018 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 4 58 from expression 733:742 arg1 cellulolyticus 773:786 Acidothermus cellulolyticus 760:786 Acidothermus cellulolyticus 760:786 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 4 59 theme enzymes 747:753 arg1 expression 733:742 the heterologous expression 716:742 the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates 716:860 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 5 60 from activity 1051:1058 arg1 Avicel 1082:1087 Avicel 1082:1087 Avicel 1082:1087 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 4 61 theme complex 843:849 arg1 substrates 851:860 complex substrates 843:860 complex substrates 843:860 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 4 62 dep well 866:869 arg1 as 871:872 as 871:872 as 871:872 Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. 28650071 5 63 from increase 1104:1111 arg1 Avicel 1139:1144 Avicel 1139:1144 Avicel 1139:1144 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 5 63 from increase 1104:1111 arg1 growth 1116:1121 growth 1116:1121 growth of C. bescii on Avicel 1116:1144 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 28650071 6 64 theme wall 1379:1382 arg1 deconstruction 1384:1397 plant cell wall deconstruction 1368:1397 plant cell wall deconstruction 1368:1397 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 0 65 dep In 0:1 arg1 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome. 28650071 6 66 theme cell 1374:1377 arg1 deconstruction 1384:1397 plant cell wall deconstruction 1368:1397 plant cell wall deconstruction 1368:1397 Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. 28650071 2 67 theme Gram-positive 352:364 arg1 hyperthermophiles 377:393 Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles 352:393 Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles 352:393 Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) are capable of deconstructing plant biomass without enzymatic or chemical pretreatment. 28650071 2 67 theme Gram-positive 352:364 arg1 Caldicellulosiruptor 330:349 Caldicellulosiruptor 330:349 Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) 330:394 Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram-positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) are capable of deconstructing plant biomass without enzymatic or chemical pretreatment. 28650071 5 68 from Avicel 1082:1087 arg1 activity 1051:1058 the activity 1047:1058 the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel 1047:1087 In this work, co-expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β-glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β-glucanase alone. 25115579 0 0 theme stem 111:114 arg1 cells 116:120 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 76:120 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 76:120 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 2 1 theme emulsion-diffusion-evaporation 502:531 arg1 method 533:538 an emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method 499:538 an emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method 499:538 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm were produced via an emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method. 25115579 7 2 contain had 1303:1305 arg2 effect 1321:1326 a significant effect 1307:1326 a significant effect 1307:1326 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 7 2 contain had 1303:1305 arg1 delivery 1232:1239 the controlled delivery 1217:1239 the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds 1217:1301 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 7 3 theme PLGA 1252:1255 arg1 nanoparticles 1257:1269 PLGA nanoparticles 1252:1269 PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds 1252:1301 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 0 4 theme mesenchymal 99:109 arg1 cells 116:120 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 76:120 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 76:120 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 1 5 theme bone 370:373 arg1 regeneration 382:393 bone tissue regeneration 370:393 bone tissue regeneration 370:393 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 4 6 with structures 735:744 arg1 pores 766:770 interconnected pores 751:770 interconnected pores 751:770 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in macroporous structures with interconnected pores were prepared by combining microwave irradiation and gas-foaming techniques. 25115579 1 7 theme osteogenic 277:286 arg1 differentiation 288:302 osteogenic differentiation 277:302 osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration 277:393 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 1 8 theme tissue 375:380 arg1 regeneration 382:393 bone tissue regeneration 370:393 bone tissue regeneration 370:393 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 7 9 from nanoparticles 1257:1269 arg1 delivery 1232:1239 the controlled delivery 1217:1239 the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds 1217:1301 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 5 10 theme scaffold 926:933 arg1 fabrication 935:945 scaffold fabrication 926:945 scaffold fabrication 926:945 PLGA nanoparticles were loaded onto scaffolds in 2 ways: via embedding after scaffold fabrication and during fabrication. 25115579 0 11 theme cells 116:120 arg1 differentiation 57:71 osteogenic differentiation 46:71 osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds 46:157 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 3 12 contain has 607:609 arg2 composition 619:629 a 65:35 composition 611:629 a 65:35 composition 611:629 Because of its higher encapsulation efficiency (54%), PLGA, which has a 65:35 composition, was chosen for the preparation of nanoparticles. 25115579 3 12 contain has 607:609 arg1 PLGA 595:598 PLGA 595:598 PLGA 595:598 Because of its higher encapsulation efficiency (54%), PLGA, which has a 65:35 composition, was chosen for the preparation of nanoparticles. 25115579 0 13 from differentiation 57:71 arg1 scaffolds 149:157 chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds 125:157 chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds 125:157 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 3 14 theme encapsulation 563:575 arg1 efficiency 577:586 its higher encapsulation efficiency 552:586 its higher encapsulation efficiency (54%) 552:592 Because of its higher encapsulation efficiency (54%), PLGA, which has a 65:35 composition, was chosen for the preparation of nanoparticles. 25115579 3 14 theme encapsulation 563:575 arg1 % 591:591 54% 589:591 54% 589:591 Because of its higher encapsulation efficiency (54%), PLGA, which has a 65:35 composition, was chosen for the preparation of nanoparticles. 25115579 4 15 theme Chitosan-hydroxyapatite 681:703 arg1 scaffolds 710:718 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds 681:718 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in macroporous structures with interconnected pores 681:770 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in macroporous structures with interconnected pores were prepared by combining microwave irradiation and gas-foaming techniques. 25115579 0 16 theme chitosan-hydroxyapatite 125:147 arg1 scaffolds 149:157 chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds 125:157 chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds 125:157 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 4 17 theme microwave 799:807 arg1 irradiation 809:819 microwave irradiation 799:819 microwave irradiation 799:819 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in macroporous structures with interconnected pores were prepared by combining microwave irradiation and gas-foaming techniques. 25115579 6 18 theme E2 1096:1097 arg1 behavior 1084:1091 a controlled release behavior 1063:1091 a controlled release behavior of E2 1063:1097 While 100% of the loaded E2 was released during 55 days from scaffolds loaded by embedding, a controlled release behavior of E2 was observed over 135 days in scaffolds loaded during manufacture. 25115579 5 19 theme PLGA 849:852 arg1 nanoparticles 854:866 PLGA nanoparticles 849:866 PLGA nanoparticles 849:866 PLGA nanoparticles were loaded onto scaffolds in 2 ways: via embedding after scaffold fabrication and during fabrication. 25115579 2 20 with nanoparticles 440:452 arg1 diameter 461:468 a diameter 459:468 a diameter of ∼240 nm 459:479 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm were produced via an emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method. 25115579 7 21 theme significant 1309:1319 arg1 effect 1321:1326 a significant effect 1307:1326 a significant effect 1307:1326 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 7 22 theme E2 1244:1245 arg1 delivery 1232:1239 the controlled delivery 1217:1239 the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds 1217:1301 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 7 23 theme culture 1186:1192 arg1 studies 1194:1200 cell culture studies 1181:1200 cell culture studies 1181:1200 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 2 24 theme lactide-co-glycolide 411:430 arg1 nanoparticles 440:452 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles 396:452 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm 396:479 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm were produced via an emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method. 25115579 0 25 theme Sustained 0:8 arg1 release 10:16 Sustained release 0:16 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol 0:33 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 1 26 theme rat 307:309 arg1 cells 351:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 307:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) 307:364 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 1 26 theme rat 307:309 arg1 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 3 27 theme nanoparticles 666:678 arg1 preparation 651:661 the preparation 647:661 the preparation of nanoparticles 647:678 Because of its higher encapsulation efficiency (54%), PLGA, which has a 65:35 composition, was chosen for the preparation of nanoparticles. 25115579 4 28 theme interconnected 751:764 arg1 pores 766:770 interconnected pores 751:770 interconnected pores 751:770 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in macroporous structures with interconnected pores were prepared by combining microwave irradiation and gas-foaming techniques. 25115579 0 29 theme 17β-estradiol 21:33 arg1 release 10:16 Sustained release 0:16 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol 0:33 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 1 30 theme adipose 311:317 arg1 cells 351:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 307:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) 307:364 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 1 30 theme adipose 311:317 arg1 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 6 31 theme E2 996:997 arg1 E2 996:997 the loaded E2 985:997 the loaded E2 985:997 While 100% of the loaded E2 was released during 55 days from scaffolds loaded by embedding, a controlled release behavior of E2 was observed over 135 days in scaffolds loaded during manufacture. 25115579 6 31 theme E2 996:997 arg1 % 980:980 100% 977:980 100% of the loaded E2 977:997 While 100% of the loaded E2 was released during 55 days from scaffolds loaded by embedding, a controlled release behavior of E2 was observed over 135 days in scaffolds loaded during manufacture. 25115579 6 32 theme release 1076:1082 arg1 behavior 1084:1091 a controlled release behavior 1063:1091 a controlled release behavior of E2 1063:1097 While 100% of the loaded E2 was released during 55 days from scaffolds loaded by embedding, a controlled release behavior of E2 was observed over 135 days in scaffolds loaded during manufacture. 25115579 3 33 theme higher 556:561 arg1 efficiency 577:586 its higher encapsulation efficiency 552:586 its higher encapsulation efficiency (54%) 552:592 Because of its higher encapsulation efficiency (54%), PLGA, which has a 65:35 composition, was chosen for the preparation of nanoparticles. 25115579 3 33 theme higher 556:561 arg1 % 591:591 54% 589:591 54% 589:591 Because of its higher encapsulation efficiency (54%), PLGA, which has a 65:35 composition, was chosen for the preparation of nanoparticles. 25115579 1 34 theme tissue-derived 319:332 arg1 cells 351:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 307:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) 307:364 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 1 34 theme tissue-derived 319:332 arg1 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 7 35 theme osteogenic 1335:1344 arg1 differentiation 1346:1360 the osteogenic differentiation 1331:1360 the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs 1331:1370 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 6 36 theme controlled 1065:1074 arg1 behavior 1084:1091 a controlled release behavior 1063:1091 a controlled release behavior of E2 1063:1097 While 100% of the loaded E2 was released during 55 days from scaffolds loaded by embedding, a controlled release behavior of E2 was observed over 135 days in scaffolds loaded during manufacture. 25115579 0 37 theme osteogenic 46:55 arg1 differentiation 57:71 osteogenic differentiation 46:71 osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds 46:157 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 1 38 theme mesenchymal 334:344 arg1 cells 351:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 307:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) 307:364 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 1 38 theme mesenchymal 334:344 arg1 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 7 39 theme studies 1194:1200 arg1 results 1170:1176 The results 1166:1176 The results of cell culture studies 1166:1200 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 6 40 theme loaded 989:994 arg1 E2 996:997 the loaded E2 985:997 the loaded E2 985:997 While 100% of the loaded E2 was released during 55 days from scaffolds loaded by embedding, a controlled release behavior of E2 was observed over 135 days in scaffolds loaded during manufacture. 25115579 1 41 theme -releasing 217:226 arg1 system 250:255 a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system 197:255 a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration 197:393 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 1 42 theme stem 346:349 arg1 cells 351:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 307:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) 307:364 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 1 42 theme stem 346:349 arg1 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 1 43 theme scaffold-nanoparticle 228:248 arg1 system 250:255 a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system 197:255 a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration 197:393 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 1 44 theme cells 351:355 arg1 differentiation 288:302 osteogenic differentiation 277:302 osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration 277:393 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 4 45 theme macroporous 723:733 arg1 structures 735:744 macroporous structures 723:744 macroporous structures with interconnected pores 723:770 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in macroporous structures with interconnected pores were prepared by combining microwave irradiation and gas-foaming techniques. 25115579 2 46 theme nm 478:479 arg1 diameter 461:468 a diameter 459:468 a diameter of ∼240 nm 459:479 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm were produced via an emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method. 25115579 0 47 link tissue-derived 84:97 arg1 cells 116:120 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 76:120 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 76:120 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 4 48 theme gas-foaming 825:835 arg1 techniques 837:846 gas-foaming techniques 825:846 gas-foaming techniques 825:846 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in macroporous structures with interconnected pores were prepared by combining microwave irradiation and gas-foaming techniques. 25115579 5 49 from scaffolds 885:893 arg1 ways 900:903 2 ways 898:903 2 ways 898:903 PLGA nanoparticles were loaded onto scaffolds in 2 ways: via embedding after scaffold fabrication and during fabrication. 25115579 7 50 theme chitosan-HA 1281:1291 arg1 scaffolds 1293:1301 chitosan-HA scaffolds 1281:1301 chitosan-HA scaffolds 1281:1301 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 6 51 attach released 1003:1010 arg2 E2 996:997 the loaded E2 985:997 the loaded E2 985:997 While 100% of the loaded E2 was released during 55 days from scaffolds loaded by embedding, a controlled release behavior of E2 was observed over 135 days in scaffolds loaded during manufacture. 25115579 6 51 attach released 1003:1010 arg1 scaffolds 1032:1040 scaffolds 1032:1040 scaffolds loaded by embedding 1032:1060 While 100% of the loaded E2 was released during 55 days from scaffolds loaded by embedding, a controlled release behavior of E2 was observed over 135 days in scaffolds loaded during manufacture. 25115579 6 51 attach released 1003:1010 arg2 % 980:980 100% 977:980 100% of the loaded E2 977:997 While 100% of the loaded E2 was released during 55 days from scaffolds loaded by embedding, a controlled release behavior of E2 was observed over 135 days in scaffolds loaded during manufacture. 25115579 1 52 link tissue-derived 319:332 arg1 cells 351:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 307:355 rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) 307:364 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 1 52 link tissue-derived 319:332 arg1 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 AdMSCs 358:363 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 2 53 theme E2-loaded 396:404 arg1 nanoparticles 440:452 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles 396:452 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm 396:479 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm were produced via an emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method. 25115579 0 54 theme tissue-derived 84:97 arg1 cells 116:120 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 76:120 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 76:120 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 2 55 theme PLGA 434:437 arg1 nanoparticles 440:452 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles 396:452 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm 396:479 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm were produced via an emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method. 25115579 2 56 theme poly 406:409 arg1 nanoparticles 440:452 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles 396:452 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm 396:479 E2-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼240 nm were produced via an emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method. 25115579 7 57 theme AdMSCs 1365:1370 arg1 differentiation 1346:1360 the osteogenic differentiation 1331:1360 the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs 1331:1370 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 0 58 theme adipose 76:82 arg1 cells 116:120 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 76:120 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 76:120 Sustained release of 17β-estradiol stimulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. 25115579 7 59 theme cell 1181:1184 arg1 studies 1194:1200 cell culture studies 1181:1200 cell culture studies 1181:1200 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 25115579 6 60 from days 1121:1124 arg1 scaffolds 1129:1137 scaffolds 1129:1137 scaffolds loaded during manufacture 1129:1163 While 100% of the loaded E2 was released during 55 days from scaffolds loaded by embedding, a controlled release behavior of E2 was observed over 135 days in scaffolds loaded during manufacture. 25115579 1 61 theme study 176:180 arg1 aim 164:166 The aim 160:166 The aim of this study 160:180 The aim of this study was to develop a 17β-estradiol (E2)-releasing scaffold-nanoparticle system in order to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. 25115579 4 62 from scaffolds 710:718 arg1 structures 735:744 macroporous structures 723:744 macroporous structures with interconnected pores 723:770 Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in macroporous structures with interconnected pores were prepared by combining microwave irradiation and gas-foaming techniques. 25115579 7 63 theme controlled 1221:1230 arg1 delivery 1232:1239 the controlled delivery 1217:1239 the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds 1217:1301 The results of cell culture studies indicated that the controlled delivery of E2 from PLGA nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-HA scaffolds had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs. 27604088 0 0 theme composite 145:153 arg1 osteogenesis 20:31 in vitro osteogenesis 11:31 in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 11:153 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 0 0 theme composite 145:153 arg1 biogenesis 172:181 in vivo bone biogenesis 159:181 in vivo bone biogenesis 159:181 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 3 1 theme Oxidized 623:630 arg1 glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 641:673 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 623:673 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 623:673 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 5 2 dep cell 1344:1347 arg1 in vitro 1371:1378 enhanced osteogenesis in vitro 1349:1378 enhanced osteogenesis in vitro 1349:1378 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 0 3 theme hydrogel 136:143 arg1 composite 145:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 5 4 theme stem 1163:1166 arg1 cell 1168:1171 glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell 1111:1171 glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell 1111:1171 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 1 5 theme modified 226:233 arg1 system 263:268 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system 211:268 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system 211:268 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system was fabricated with oxidized alginate/gelatin loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate to improve its biocompatibility and functionality. 27604088 0 6 theme in vivo 159:165 arg1 biogenesis 172:181 in vivo bone biogenesis 159:181 in vivo bone biogenesis 159:181 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 5 7 theme adipose 1155:1161 arg1 cell 1168:1171 glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell 1111:1171 glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell 1111:1171 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 3 8 theme calcium 722:728 arg1 phosphate 730:738 gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate 698:738 gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate 698:738 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 3 9 theme gelatin-loaded 698:711 arg1 phosphate 730:738 gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate 698:738 gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate 698:738 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 4 10 theme oxidized 1077:1084 arg1 alginate 1086:1093 the oxidized alginate 1073:1093 the oxidized alginate 1073:1093 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis confirmed that the glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was successfully grafted to the oxidized alginate. 27604088 5 11 theme hydrogel 1178:1185 arg1 matrix 1187:1192 a hydrogel matrix 1176:1192 a hydrogel matrix 1176:1192 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 1 12 theme peptide-conjugated 235:252 arg1 system 263:268 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system 211:268 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system 211:268 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system was fabricated with oxidized alginate/gelatin loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate to improve its biocompatibility and functionality. 27604088 0 13 theme bone 167:170 arg1 biogenesis 172:181 in vivo bone biogenesis 159:181 in vivo bone biogenesis 159:181 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 5 14 theme cell 1168:1171 arg1 Co-delivery 1096:1106 Co-delivery 1096:1106 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix 1096:1192 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 0 15 theme glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated 38:81 arg1 composite 145:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 4 16 theme chemical 974:981 arg1 analysis 983:990 chemical analysis 974:990 chemical analysis 974:990 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis confirmed that the glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was successfully grafted to the oxidized alginate. 27604088 1 17 theme hydrogel 254:261 arg1 system 263:268 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system 211:268 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system 211:268 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system was fabricated with oxidized alginate/gelatin loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate to improve its biocompatibility and functionality. 27604088 0 18 theme in vitro 11:18 arg1 osteogenesis 20:31 in vitro osteogenesis 11:31 in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 11:153 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 4 19 theme resonance 934:942 arg1 spectroscopy 957:968 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy 914:968 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis 914:990 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis confirmed that the glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was successfully grafted to the oxidized alginate. 27604088 5 20 theme glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 1111:1143 arg1 cell 1168:1171 glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell 1111:1171 glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell 1111:1171 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 5 21 theme bone 1384:1387 arg1 formation 1389:1397 bone formation in vivo 1384:1405 bone formation in vivo 1384:1405 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 4 22 theme magnetic 925:932 arg1 resonance 934:942 1H nuclear magnetic resonance 914:942 1H nuclear magnetic resonance 914:942 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis confirmed that the glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was successfully grafted to the oxidized alginate. 27604088 0 23 theme stem 191:194 arg1 delivery 201:208 stem cell delivery 191:208 stem cell delivery 191:208 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 5 24 theme human 1325:1329 arg1 cell 1344:1347 human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo 1325:1405 cell 1344:1347 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 3 25 theme biphasic 713:720 arg1 phosphate 730:738 gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate 698:738 gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate 698:738 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 5 26 dep incorporated 1248:1259 arg1 seeded 1313:1318 seeded 1313:1318 seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo 1313:1405 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 5 26 dep incorporated 1248:1259 arg1 modified 1261:1268 modified 1261:1268 modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 1261:1307 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 5 27 theme osteogenesis 1358:1369 arg1 in vitro 1371:1378 enhanced osteogenesis in vitro 1349:1378 enhanced osteogenesis in vitro 1349:1378 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 2 28 theme Sodium 406:411 arg1 alginate 413:420 Sodium alginate 406:420 Sodium alginate 406:420 Sodium alginate was treated by controlled oxidation to transform the cis-diol group into an aldehyde group in a controlled manner, which was then conjugated to the amine terminus of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic. 27604088 2 29 theme controlled 518:527 arg1 manner 529:534 a controlled manner 516:534 a controlled manner 516:534 Sodium alginate was treated by controlled oxidation to transform the cis-diol group into an aldehyde group in a controlled manner, which was then conjugated to the amine terminus of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic. 27604088 2 30 theme amine 570:574 arg1 terminus 576:583 the amine terminus 566:583 the amine terminus of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 566:620 Sodium alginate was treated by controlled oxidation to transform the cis-diol group into an aldehyde group in a controlled manner, which was then conjugated to the amine terminus of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic. 27604088 3 31 theme enhanced 840:847 arg1 adhesion 873:880 enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion 840:880 enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion 840:880 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 5 32 theme adipose 1331:1337 arg1 cell 1344:1347 human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo 1325:1405 cell 1344:1347 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 1 33 theme oxidized 290:297 arg1 alginate/gelatin 299:314 oxidized alginate/gelatin 290:314 oxidized alginate/gelatin loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate to improve its biocompatibility and functionality 290:403 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system was fabricated with oxidized alginate/gelatin loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate to improve its biocompatibility and functionality. 27604088 0 34 theme cell 196:199 arg1 delivery 201:208 stem cell delivery 191:208 stem cell delivery 191:208 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 3 35 theme phosphate 815:823 arg1 hydrogel 750:757 a hydrogel 748:757 a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation 748:911 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 0 36 theme alginate-gelatin-biphasic 92:116 arg1 composite 145:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 2 37 theme glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 588:620 arg1 terminus 576:583 the amine terminus 566:583 the amine terminus of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 566:620 Sodium alginate was treated by controlled oxidation to transform the cis-diol group into an aldehyde group in a controlled manner, which was then conjugated to the amine terminus of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic. 27604088 0 38 theme oxidized 83:90 arg1 composite 145:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 3 39 theme stem 863:866 arg1 adhesion 873:880 enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion 840:880 enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion 840:880 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 5 40 theme stem 1339:1342 arg1 cell 1344:1347 human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo 1325:1405 cell 1344:1347 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 3 41 theme alginate 632:639 arg1 glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 641:673 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 623:673 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic 623:673 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 5 42 theme enhanced 1349:1356 arg1 in vitro 1371:1378 enhanced osteogenesis in vitro 1349:1378 enhanced osteogenesis in vitro 1349:1378 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 3 43 theme cell 868:871 arg1 adhesion 873:880 enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion 840:880 enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion 840:880 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 3 44 theme alginate/gelatin/biphasic 781:805 arg1 phosphate 815:823 composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate 762:823 composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate 762:823 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 2 45 theme controlled 437:446 arg1 oxidation 448:456 controlled oxidation 437:456 controlled oxidation 437:456 Sodium alginate was treated by controlled oxidation to transform the cis-diol group into an aldehyde group in a controlled manner, which was then conjugated to the amine terminus of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic. 27604088 4 46 theme electron 948:955 arg1 spectroscopy 957:968 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy 914:968 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis 914:990 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis confirmed that the glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was successfully grafted to the oxidized alginate. 27604088 3 47 theme human 849:853 arg1 adhesion 873:880 enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion 840:880 enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion 840:880 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 3 48 theme calcium 807:813 arg1 phosphate 815:823 composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate 762:823 composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate 762:823 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 4 49 theme 1H 914:915 arg1 resonance 934:942 1H nuclear magnetic resonance 914:942 1H nuclear magnetic resonance 914:942 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis confirmed that the glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was successfully grafted to the oxidized alginate. 27604088 4 50 theme nuclear 917:923 arg1 resonance 934:942 1H nuclear magnetic resonance 914:942 1H nuclear magnetic resonance 914:942 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis confirmed that the glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was successfully grafted to the oxidized alginate. 27604088 0 51 theme phosphate 126:134 arg1 composite 145:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 3 52 theme adipose 855:861 arg1 adhesion 873:880 enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion 840:880 enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion 840:880 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 3 53 theme composite 762:770 arg1 phosphate 815:823 composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate 762:823 composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate 762:823 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 5 54 theme human 1149:1153 arg1 cell 1168:1171 glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell 1111:1171 glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell 1111:1171 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 2 55 theme aldehyde 498:505 arg1 group 507:511 an aldehyde group 495:511 an aldehyde group 495:511 Sodium alginate was treated by controlled oxidation to transform the cis-diol group into an aldehyde group in a controlled manner, which was then conjugated to the amine terminus of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic. 27604088 1 56 theme biphasic 328:335 arg1 phosphate 345:353 biphasic calcium phosphate 328:353 biphasic calcium phosphate to improve its biocompatibility and functionality 328:403 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system was fabricated with oxidized alginate/gelatin loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate to improve its biocompatibility and functionality. 27604088 0 57 theme calcium 118:124 arg1 composite 145:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite 36:153 Augmenting in vitro osteogenesis of a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic-conjugated oxidized alginate-gelatin-biphasic calcium phosphate hydrogel composite and in vivo bone biogenesis through stem cell delivery. 27604088 3 58 theme oxidized 772:779 arg1 phosphate 815:823 composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate 762:823 composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate 762:823 Oxidized alginate glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic was then combined with gelatin-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate to form a hydrogel of composite oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphasic calcium phosphate that displayed enhanced human adipose stem cell adhesion, spreading and differentiation. 27604088 5 59 from Co-delivery 1096:1106 arg1 matrix 1187:1192 a hydrogel matrix 1176:1192 a hydrogel matrix 1176:1192 Co-delivery of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and human adipose stem cell in a hydrogel matrix was studied with the results indicating that hydrogel incorporated modified with glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic and seeded with human adipose stem cell enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. 27604088 2 60 theme cis-diol 475:482 arg1 group 484:488 the cis-diol group 471:488 the cis-diol group 471:488 Sodium alginate was treated by controlled oxidation to transform the cis-diol group into an aldehyde group in a controlled manner, which was then conjugated to the amine terminus of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic. 27604088 1 61 theme calcium 337:343 arg1 phosphate 345:353 biphasic calcium phosphate 328:353 biphasic calcium phosphate to improve its biocompatibility and functionality 328:403 A functionally modified peptide-conjugated hydrogel system was fabricated with oxidized alginate/gelatin loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate to improve its biocompatibility and functionality. 27695319 14 0 theme thermogenic 1956:1966 arg1 properties 1968:1977 RF-induced thermogenic properties 1945:1977 RF-induced thermogenic properties 1945:1977 In conclusion, we developed a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties, and the results indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis. 27695319 14 1 theme Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 2015:2027 arg1 nanoparticle 2029:2040 the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle 2011:2040 the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle 2011:2040 In conclusion, we developed a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties, and the results indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis. 27695319 14 2 contain had 2042:2044 arg2 potential 2050:2058 the potential 2046:2058 the potential for controlling osteoporosis 2046:2087 In conclusion, we developed a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties, and the results indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis. 27695319 14 2 contain had 2042:2044 arg1 nanoparticle 2029:2040 the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle 2011:2040 the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle 2011:2040 In conclusion, we developed a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties, and the results indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis. 27695319 13 3 theme contrast 1780:1787 arg1 agents 1789:1794 contrast agents 1780:1794 contrast agents 1780:1794 Furthermore, in vivo studies verified that nanoparticles were indeed magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and that they accumulated after being injected into the body of rats. 27695319 13 4 dep in 1697:1698 arg1 vivo 1700:1703 vivo 1700:1703 vivo 1700:1703 Furthermore, in vivo studies verified that nanoparticles were indeed magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and that they accumulated after being injected into the body of rats. 27695319 0 5 dep Fe3O4 46:50 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of composite magnetic nanoparticles 0:44 Synthesis of composite magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 with alendronate for osteoporosis treatment. 27695319 14 6 theme magnetic 1914:1921 arg1 nanoparticle 1923:1934 a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle 1894:1934 a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties 1894:1977 In conclusion, we developed a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties, and the results indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis. 27695319 14 7 contain had 1941:1943 arg2 properties 1968:1977 RF-induced thermogenic properties 1945:1977 RF-induced thermogenic properties 1945:1977 In conclusion, we developed a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties, and the results indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis. 27695319 14 7 contain had 1941:1943 arg1 nanoparticle 1923:1934 a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle 1894:1934 a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties 1894:1977 In conclusion, we developed a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties, and the results indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis. 27695319 8 8 theme Fe3O4 985:989 arg1 structure 972:980 cubic inverse spinel structure 951:980 cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 951:989 All three kinds of nanoparticles were found to have cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 by the X-ray diffraction analysis. 27695319 9 9 theme functional 1166:1175 arg1 groups 1177:1182 their respective Dex and Bis functional groups 1137:1182 groups 1177:1182 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 9 10 theme infrared 1044:1051 arg1 spectroscopy 1053:1064 infrared spectroscopy 1044:1064 infrared spectroscopy 1044:1064 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 3 11 theme Fe3O4 450:454 arg1 nanoparticles 457:469 bisphosphonate (Bis)-conjugated iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles 396:469 nanoparticles 457:469 The proposed method is to synthesize bisphosphonate (Bis)-conjugated iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and incorporate them into OCs. 27695319 8 12 theme X-ray 998:1002 arg1 analysis 1016:1023 the X-ray diffraction analysis 994:1023 the X-ray diffraction analysis 994:1023 All three kinds of nanoparticles were found to have cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 by the X-ray diffraction analysis. 27695319 3 13 theme iron 428:431 arg1 nanoparticles 457:469 bisphosphonate (Bis)-conjugated iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles 396:469 nanoparticles 457:469 The proposed method is to synthesize bisphosphonate (Bis)-conjugated iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and incorporate them into OCs. 27695319 10 14 theme Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 1312:1324 arg1 nanoparticles 1326:1338 the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1308:1338 the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1308:1338 In addition, the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles were fully dispersed in double-distilled water. 27695319 8 15 theme cubic 951:955 arg1 structure 972:980 cubic inverse spinel structure 951:980 cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 951:989 All three kinds of nanoparticles were found to have cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 by the X-ray diffraction analysis. 27695319 7 16 theme Transmission 788:799 arg1 microscopy 810:819 Transmission electron microscopy 788:819 Transmission electron microscopy 788:819 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average diameter of the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles was ~20 nm. 27695319 13 17 theme in 1697:1698 arg1 studies 1705:1711 in vivo studies 1697:1711 in vivo studies 1697:1711 Furthermore, in vivo studies verified that nanoparticles were indeed magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and that they accumulated after being injected into the body of rats. 27695319 14 18 theme RF-induced 1945:1954 arg1 properties 1968:1977 RF-induced thermogenic properties 1945:1977 RF-induced thermogenic properties 1945:1977 In conclusion, we developed a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties, and the results indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis. 27695319 13 19 theme magnetic 1753:1760 arg1 resonance 1762:1770 magnetic resonance 1753:1770 magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents 1753:1794 Furthermore, in vivo studies verified that nanoparticles were indeed magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and that they accumulated after being injected into the body of rats. 27695319 7 20 theme electron 801:808 arg1 microscopy 810:819 Transmission electron microscopy 788:819 Transmission electron microscopy 788:819 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average diameter of the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles was ~20 nm. 27695319 9 21 theme Bis 1162:1164 arg1 groups 1177:1182 their respective Dex and Bis functional groups 1137:1182 groups 1177:1182 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 8 22 theme diffraction 1004:1014 arg1 analysis 1016:1023 the X-ray diffraction analysis 994:1023 the X-ray diffraction analysis 994:1023 All three kinds of nanoparticles were found to have cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 by the X-ray diffraction analysis. 27695319 6 23 theme Dex/Fe3O4 715:723 arg1 particles 725:733 The Dex/Fe3O4 particles 711:733 The Dex/Fe3O4 particles 711:733 The Dex/Fe3O4 particles were then conjugated with Bis to form Bis/Dex/Fe3O4. 27695319 12 24 theme thermal 1626:1632 arg1 sufficient 1657:1666 sufficient 1657:1666 sufficient 1657:1666 An RF system (42 kHz and 450 A) was used to raise the temperature of the nanoparticles for 20 minutes, and the thermal effect was found to be sufficient to destroy OCs. 27695319 12 24 theme thermal 1626:1632 arg1 effect 1634:1639 the thermal effect 1622:1639 the thermal effect 1622:1639 An RF system (42 kHz and 450 A) was used to raise the temperature of the nanoparticles for 20 minutes, and the thermal effect was found to be sufficient to destroy OCs. 27695319 11 25 theme MTT 1466:1468 arg1 assay 1470:1474 an MTT assay 1463:1474 an MTT assay 1463:1474 Osteoblasts and OCs were individually cultured with the nanoparticles, and an MTT assay revealed that they were non-cytotoxic. 27695319 3 26 theme -conjugated 416:426 arg1 nanoparticles 457:469 bisphosphonate (Bis)-conjugated iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles 396:469 nanoparticles 457:469 The proposed method is to synthesize bisphosphonate (Bis)-conjugated iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and incorporate them into OCs. 27695319 3 27 theme proposed 363:370 arg1 method 372:377 The proposed method 359:377 The proposed method 359:377 The proposed method is to synthesize bisphosphonate (Bis)-conjugated iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and incorporate them into OCs. 27695319 8 28 theme spinel 965:970 arg1 structure 972:980 cubic inverse spinel structure 951:980 cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 951:989 All three kinds of nanoparticles were found to have cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 by the X-ray diffraction analysis. 27695319 8 29 theme inverse 957:963 arg1 structure 972:980 cubic inverse spinel structure 951:980 cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 951:989 All three kinds of nanoparticles were found to have cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 by the X-ray diffraction analysis. 27695319 2 30 theme osteoporosis 293:304 arg1 aggravation 278:288 the aggravation 274:288 the aggravation of osteoporosis 274:304 In the present study, we investigated the potential of limiting the aggravation of osteoporosis by reducing the activity of OCs through thermolysis. 27695319 12 31 theme nanoparticles 1588:1600 arg1 temperature 1569:1579 the temperature 1565:1579 the temperature of the nanoparticles for 20 minutes 1565:1615 An RF system (42 kHz and 450 A) was used to raise the temperature of the nanoparticles for 20 minutes, and the thermal effect was found to be sufficient to destroy OCs. 27695319 0 32 theme composite 13:21 arg1 nanoparticles 32:44 composite magnetic nanoparticles 13:44 composite magnetic nanoparticles 13:44 Synthesis of composite magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 with alendronate for osteoporosis treatment. 27695319 5 33 theme chemical 649:656 arg1 co-precipitation 658:673 chemical co-precipitation 649:673 chemical co-precipitation 649:673 In this study, particles of Fe3O4 were first synthesized by chemical co-precipitation and then coated with dextran (Dex). 27695319 9 34 theme quantum 1209:1215 arg1 device 1230:1235 a superconducting quantum interference device 1191:1235 a superconducting quantum interference device 1191:1235 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 9 35 theme interference 1217:1228 arg1 device 1230:1235 a superconducting quantum interference device 1191:1235 a superconducting quantum interference device 1191:1235 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 13 36 theme rats 1860:1863 arg1 body 1852:1855 the body 1848:1855 the body of rats 1848:1863 Furthermore, in vivo studies verified that nanoparticles were indeed magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and that they accumulated after being injected into the body of rats. 27695319 0 37 theme nanoparticles 32:44 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of composite magnetic nanoparticles 0:44 Synthesis of composite magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 with alendronate for osteoporosis treatment. 27695319 12 38 theme RF 1518:1519 arg1 system 1521:1526 An RF system 1515:1526 An RF system (42 kHz and 450 A) 1515:1545 An RF system (42 kHz and 450 A) was used to raise the temperature of the nanoparticles for 20 minutes, and the thermal effect was found to be sufficient to destroy OCs. 27695319 0 39 theme magnetic 23:30 arg1 nanoparticles 32:44 composite magnetic nanoparticles 13:44 composite magnetic nanoparticles 13:44 Synthesis of composite magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 with alendronate for osteoporosis treatment. 27695319 9 40 theme Dex/Fe3O4 1085:1093 arg1 nanoparticles 1113:1125 the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1081:1125 the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1081:1125 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 5 41 theme Fe3O4 617:621 arg1 particles 604:612 particles 604:612 particles of Fe3O4 604:621 In this study, particles of Fe3O4 were first synthesized by chemical co-precipitation and then coated with dextran (Dex). 27695319 12 42 dep system 1521:1526 arg1 kHz 1532:1534 42 kHz 1529:1534 42 kHz 1529:1534 An RF system (42 kHz and 450 A) was used to raise the temperature of the nanoparticles for 20 minutes, and the thermal effect was found to be sufficient to destroy OCs. 27695319 12 42 dep system 1521:1526 arg1 A 1544:1544 450 A 1540:1544 450 A 1540:1544 An RF system (42 kHz and 450 A) was used to raise the temperature of the nanoparticles for 20 minutes, and the thermal effect was found to be sufficient to destroy OCs. 27695319 2 43 theme present 217:223 arg1 study 225:229 the present study 213:229 the present study 213:229 In the present study, we investigated the potential of limiting the aggravation of osteoporosis by reducing the activity of OCs through thermolysis. 27695319 9 44 theme superconducting 1193:1207 arg1 device 1230:1235 a superconducting quantum interference device 1191:1235 a superconducting quantum interference device 1191:1235 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 2 45 theme OCs 334:336 arg1 activity 322:329 the activity 318:329 the activity of OCs 318:336 In the present study, we investigated the potential of limiting the aggravation of osteoporosis by reducing the activity of OCs through thermolysis. 27695319 14 46 theme water-dispersible 1896:1912 arg1 nanoparticle 1923:1934 a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle 1894:1934 a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties 1894:1977 In conclusion, we developed a water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticle that had RF-induced thermogenic properties, and the results indicated that the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had the potential for controlling osteoporosis. 27695319 9 47 theme Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 1099:1111 arg1 nanoparticles 1113:1125 the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1081:1125 the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1081:1125 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 1 48 theme imbalance 125:133 arg1 Osteoporosis 97:108 Osteoporosis 97:108 Osteoporosis 97:108 Osteoporosis is a result of imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). 27695319 1 48 theme imbalance 125:133 arg1 result 115:120 a result 113:120 a result of imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) 113:207 Osteoporosis is a result of imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). 27695319 7 49 theme Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 863:875 arg1 particles 877:885 the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles 859:885 the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles 859:885 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average diameter of the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles was ~20 nm. 27695319 9 50 contain possessed 1127:1135 arg2 Dex 1154:1156 their respective Dex and Bis functional groups 1137:1182 Dex 1154:1156 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 9 50 contain possessed 1127:1135 arg1 nanoparticles 1113:1125 the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1081:1125 the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles 1081:1125 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 9 50 contain possessed 1127:1135 arg2 groups 1177:1182 their respective Dex and Bis functional groups 1137:1182 groups 1177:1182 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 8 51 theme nanoparticles 918:930 arg1 kinds 909:913 All three kinds 899:913 All three kinds of nanoparticles 899:930 All three kinds of nanoparticles were found to have cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 by the X-ray diffraction analysis. 27695319 3 52 theme oxide 443:447 arg1 nanoparticles 457:469 bisphosphonate (Bis)-conjugated iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles 396:469 nanoparticles 457:469 The proposed method is to synthesize bisphosphonate (Bis)-conjugated iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and incorporate them into OCs. 27695319 7 53 theme particles 877:885 arg1 nm 895:896 ~20 nm 891:896 ~20 nm 891:896 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average diameter of the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles was ~20 nm. 27695319 7 53 theme particles 877:885 arg1 diameter 847:854 the average diameter 835:854 the average diameter of the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles 835:885 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average diameter of the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles was ~20 nm. 27695319 9 54 dep Fourier 1026:1032 arg1 transform 1034:1042 transform 1034:1042 transform infrared spectroscopy 1034:1064 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 9 55 theme magnetic 1263:1270 arg1 moment 1272:1277 the magnetic moment 1259:1277 the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu 1259:1292 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 10 56 theme double-distilled 1364:1379 arg1 water 1381:1385 double-distilled water 1364:1385 double-distilled water 1364:1385 In addition, the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles were fully dispersed in double-distilled water. 27695319 1 57 theme bone 143:146 arg1 formation 148:156 bone formation 143:156 bone formation by osteoblasts 143:171 Osteoporosis is a result of imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). 27695319 9 58 dep magnetometer 1237:1248 arg1 measured 1250:1257 measured 1250:1257 magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu 1237:1292 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 0 59 theme osteoporosis 73:84 arg1 treatment 86:94 osteoporosis treatment 73:94 osteoporosis treatment 73:94 Synthesis of composite magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 with alendronate for osteoporosis treatment. 27695319 12 60 used used 1551:1554 arg2 system 1521:1526 An RF system 1515:1526 An RF system (42 kHz and 450 A) 1515:1545 An RF system (42 kHz and 450 A) was used to raise the temperature of the nanoparticles for 20 minutes, and the thermal effect was found to be sufficient to destroy OCs. 27695319 8 61 contain have 946:949 arg2 structure 972:980 cubic inverse spinel structure 951:980 cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 951:989 All three kinds of nanoparticles were found to have cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 by the X-ray diffraction analysis. 27695319 8 61 contain have 946:949 arg1 kinds 909:913 All three kinds 899:913 All three kinds of nanoparticles 899:930 All three kinds of nanoparticles were found to have cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 by the X-ray diffraction analysis. 27695319 9 62 theme respective 1143:1152 arg1 Dex 1154:1156 their respective Dex and Bis functional groups 1137:1182 Dex 1154:1156 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the Dex/Fe3O4 and Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 nanoparticles possessed their respective Dex and Bis functional groups, while a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measured the magnetic moment to be 24.5 emu. 27695319 7 63 theme average 839:845 arg1 nm 895:896 ~20 nm 891:896 ~20 nm 891:896 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average diameter of the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles was ~20 nm. 27695319 7 63 theme average 839:845 arg1 diameter 847:854 the average diameter 835:854 the average diameter of the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles 835:885 Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average diameter of the Bis/Dex/Fe3O4 particles was ~20 nm. 25649238 6 0 theme sex-specific 766:777 arg1 scores 784:789 age- and sex-specific s.d. scores 757:789 age- and sex-specific s.d. scores 757:789 BMI was calculated from repeated weight and height measurements, and age- and sex-specific s.d. scores were calculated. 25649238 8 1 theme % 1043:1043 arg1 increase 1026:1033 increase 0.11 1026:1038 increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23) 1026:1081 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 1 theme % 1043:1043 arg1 interval 1056:1063 95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23 1041:1080 95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23 1041:1080 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 10 2 theme body 1339:1342 arg1 composition 1344:1354 body composition 1339:1354 body composition 1339:1354 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 6 3 theme age- 757:760 arg1 scores 784:789 age- and sex-specific s.d. scores 757:789 age- and sex-specific s.d. scores 757:789 BMI was calculated from repeated weight and height measurements, and age- and sex-specific s.d. scores were calculated. 25649238 2 4 theme potential 246:254 arg1 unclear 295:301 unclear 295:301 unclear 295:301 The potential effect of SCB intake during infancy is unclear. 25649238 2 4 theme potential 246:254 arg1 effect 256:261 The potential effect 242:261 The potential effect of SCB intake during infancy 242:290 The potential effect of SCB intake during infancy is unclear. 25649238 12 5 theme intake 1661:1666 arg1 effects 1646:1652 the unfavorable effects 1630:1652 the unfavorable effects of SCB intake 1630:1666 Our results imply that the unfavorable effects of SCB intake start early in life and that dietary advice regarding limiting SCB intake should already be given early in life. 25649238 10 6 with association 1315:1325 arg1 BMI 1332:1334 BMI 1332:1334 BMI 1332:1334 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 10 6 with association 1315:1325 arg1 composition 1344:1354 body composition 1339:1354 body composition 1339:1354 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 11 7 theme CONCLUSIONS 1489:1499 arg1 intake 1512:1517 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake 1489:1517 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months 1489:1530 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months was associated with higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys. 25649238 5 8 theme Food 583:586 arg1 Questionnaire 598:610 a Food Frequency Questionnaire 581:610 a Food Frequency Questionnaire 581:610 SCB intake at 13 months was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire with validation against 24-h recalls and was standardized for total energy. 25649238 6 9 theme height 732:737 arg1 measurements 739:750 repeated weight and height measurements 712:750 repeated weight and height measurements 712:750 BMI was calculated from repeated weight and height measurements, and age- and sex-specific s.d. scores were calculated. 25649238 10 10 theme low 1476:1478 arg1 intake 1480:1485 low intake 1476:1485 low intake 1476:1485 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 12 11 theme unfavorable 1634:1644 arg1 effects 1646:1652 the unfavorable effects 1630:1652 the unfavorable effects of SCB intake 1630:1666 Our results imply that the unfavorable effects of SCB intake start early in life and that dietary advice regarding limiting SCB intake should already be given early in life. 25649238 0 12 theme R 100:100 arg1 study 102:106 the Generation R study 85:106 the Generation R study 85:106 Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study. 25649238 9 13 with girls 1175:1179 arg1 percentage 1281:1290 body fat percentage 1272:1290 body fat percentage 1272:1290 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 9 13 with girls 1175:1179 arg1 intake 1191:1196 high intake 1186:1196 high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) 1186:1257 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 5 14 theme total 674:678 arg1 energy 680:685 total energy 674:685 total energy 674:685 SCB intake at 13 months was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire with validation against 24-h recalls and was standardized for total energy. 25649238 1 15 theme higher 199:204 arg1 index 216:220 higher body mass index 199:220 higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood 199:239 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 1 15 theme higher 199:204 arg1 BMI 223:225 BMI 223:225 BMI 223:225 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 12 16 theme limiting 1722:1729 arg1 intake 1735:1740 limiting SCB intake 1722:1740 limiting SCB intake 1722:1740 Our results imply that the unfavorable effects of SCB intake start early in life and that dietary advice regarding limiting SCB intake should already be given early in life. 25649238 10 17 theme high 1371:1374 arg1 intake 1380:1385 high SCB intake 1371:1385 high SCB intake at 13 months 1371:1398 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 11 18 theme SCB 1508:1510 arg1 intake 1512:1517 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake 1489:1517 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months 1489:1530 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months was associated with higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys. 25649238 5 19 theme 24-h 636:639 arg1 recalls 641:647 24-h recalls 636:647 24-h recalls 636:647 SCB intake at 13 months was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire with validation against 24-h recalls and was standardized for total energy. 25649238 9 20 theme fat 1277:1279 arg1 percentage 1281:1290 body fat percentage 1272:1290 body fat percentage 1272:1290 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 1 21 theme BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE 109:128 arg1 Intake 130:135 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake 109:135 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) 109:172 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 8 22 from RESULTS 871:877 arg1 girls 882:886 girls 882:886 girls 882:886 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 0 23 from intake 26:31 arg1 toddlers 36:43 toddlers 36:43 toddlers 36:43 Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study. 25649238 0 24 theme age 72:74 arg1 years 78:82 age 6 years 72:82 age 6 years 72:82 Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study. 25649238 1 25 theme beverages 157:165 arg1 Intake 130:135 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake 109:135 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) 109:172 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 11 26 from BMI 1559:1561 arg1 boys 1601:1604 boys 1601:1604 boys 1601:1604 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months was associated with higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys. 25649238 11 26 from BMI 1559:1561 arg1 girls 1584:1588 girls 1584:1588 girls 1584:1588 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months was associated with higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys. 25649238 9 27 theme android/gynoid 1147:1160 arg1 ratio 1166:1170 higher android/gynoid fat ratio 1140:1170 higher android/gynoid fat ratio 1140:1170 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 0 28 dep years 78:82 arg1 up 66:67 up 66:67 up 66:67 Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study. 25649238 3 29 theme intake 339:344 arg1 association 320:330 the association 316:330 the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development 316:378 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 11 30 theme age 1569:1571 arg1 years 1575:1579 age 6 years 1569:1579 age 6 years 1569:1579 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months was associated with higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys. 25649238 5 31 theme SCB 538:540 arg1 intake 542:547 SCB intake 538:547 SCB intake at 13 months 538:560 SCB intake at 13 months was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire with validation against 24-h recalls and was standardized for total energy. 25649238 9 32 theme high 1186:1189 arg1 intake 1191:1196 high intake 1186:1196 high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) 1186:1257 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 8 33 from months 913:918 arg1 intake 900:905 higher SCB intake 889:905 higher SCB intake at 13 months 889:918 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 4 34 theme prospective 512:522 arg1 study 531:535 a population-based prospective cohort study 493:535 a population-based prospective cohort study 493:535 SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 2371 Dutch children from a population-based prospective cohort study. 25649238 10 35 theme age 1415:1417 arg1 years 1421:1425 age 6 years 1415:1425 age 6 years 1415:1425 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 10 36 from months 1393:1398 arg1 intake 1380:1385 high SCB intake 1371:1385 high SCB intake at 13 months 1371:1398 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 12 37 theme SCB 1657:1659 arg1 intake 1661:1666 SCB intake 1657:1666 SCB intake 1657:1666 Our results imply that the unfavorable effects of SCB intake start early in life and that dietary advice regarding limiting SCB intake should already be given early in life. 25649238 6 38 theme repeated 712:719 arg1 measurements 739:750 repeated weight and height measurements 712:750 repeated weight and height measurements 712:750 BMI was calculated from repeated weight and height measurements, and age- and sex-specific s.d. scores were calculated. 25649238 0 39 theme body 49:52 arg1 composition 54:64 body composition 49:64 body composition 49:64 Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study. 25649238 10 40 theme s.d. 1428:1431 arg1 increase 1433:1440 s.d. increase 0.14 1428:1445 s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27) 1428:1466 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 10 40 theme s.d. 1428:1431 arg1 CI 1452:1453 95% CI +0.00; 0.27 1448:1465 95% CI +0.00; 0.27 1448:1465 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 1 41 theme body 206:209 arg1 index 216:220 higher body mass index 199:220 higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood 199:239 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 1 41 theme body 206:209 arg1 BMI 223:225 BMI 223:225 BMI 223:225 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 8 42 theme s.d. 1014:1017 arg1 BMI 1009:1011 BMI 1009:1011 age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) 997:1024 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 42 theme s.d. 1014:1017 arg1 score 1019:1023 s.d. score 1014:1023 s.d. score 1014:1023 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 43 theme higher 889:894 arg1 intake 900:905 higher SCB intake 889:905 higher SCB intake at 13 months 889:918 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 10 44 dep taller 1405:1410 arg1 increase 1433:1440 s.d. increase 0.14 1428:1445 s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27) 1428:1466 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 10 44 dep taller 1405:1410 arg1 CI 1452:1453 95% CI +0.00; 0.27 1448:1465 95% CI +0.00; 0.27 1448:1465 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 10 44 dep taller 1405:1410 arg1 intake 1480:1485 low intake 1476:1485 low intake 1476:1485 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 9 45 theme % 1221:1221 arg1 CI 1223:1224 95% CI -0.02; 0.29 1219:1236 95% CI -0.02; 0.29 1219:1236 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 9 45 theme % 1221:1221 arg1 increase 1204:1211 s.d. increase 0.14 1199:1216 s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29) 1199:1237 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 0 46 dep Sugar-containing 0:15 arg1 study 102:106 the Generation R study 85:106 the Generation R study 85:106 Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study. 25649238 10 47 from years 1421:1425 arg1 taller 1405:1410 taller 1405:1410 taller 1405:1410 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 8 48 from ages 968:971 arg1 BMI 961:963 higher BMI 954:963 higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake) 954:1106 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 5 49 theme Frequency 588:596 arg1 Questionnaire 598:610 a Food Frequency Questionnaire 581:610 a Food Frequency Questionnaire 581:610 SCB intake at 13 months was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire with validation against 24-h recalls and was standardized for total energy. 25649238 11 50 theme higher 1552:1557 arg1 BMI 1559:1561 higher BMI 1552:1561 higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys 1552:1604 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months was associated with higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys. 25649238 9 51 dep intake 1191:1196 arg1 intake 1251:1256 low intake 1247:1256 low intake 1247:1256 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 9 51 dep intake 1191:1196 arg1 increase 1204:1211 s.d. increase 0.14 1199:1216 s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29) 1199:1237 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 9 51 dep intake 1191:1196 arg1 CI 1223:1224 95% CI -0.02; 0.29 1219:1236 95% CI -0.02; 0.29 1219:1236 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 7 52 theme Dual-energy 837:847 arg1 absorptiometry 855:868 Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 837:868 Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 837:868 Adiposity was measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 25649238 8 53 theme higher 954:959 arg1 BMI 961:963 higher BMI 954:963 higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake) 954:1106 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 54 theme confidence 1045:1054 arg1 increase 1026:1033 increase 0.11 1026:1038 increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23) 1026:1081 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 54 theme confidence 1045:1054 arg1 interval 1056:1063 95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23 1041:1080 95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23 1041:1080 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 55 theme high 1084:1087 arg1 intake 1100:1105 high versus low intake 1084:1105 high versus low intake 1084:1105 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 55 theme high 1084:1087 arg1 increase 1026:1033 increase 0.11 1026:1038 increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23) 1026:1081 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 9 56 theme low 1247:1249 arg1 intake 1251:1256 low intake 1247:1256 low intake 1247:1256 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 8 57 theme low 1096:1098 arg1 intake 1100:1105 high versus low intake 1084:1105 high versus low intake 1084:1105 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 57 theme low 1096:1098 arg1 increase 1026:1033 increase 0.11 1026:1038 increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23) 1026:1081 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 3 58 from years 424:428 arg1 years 388:392 6 years 386:392 6 years 386:392 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 3 58 from years 424:428 arg1 composition 403:413 body composition 398:413 body composition 398:413 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 2 59 theme SCB 266:268 arg1 intake 270:275 SCB intake 266:275 SCB intake 266:275 The potential effect of SCB intake during infancy is unclear. 25649238 2 60 theme intake 270:275 arg1 unclear 295:301 unclear 295:301 unclear 295:301 The potential effect of SCB intake during infancy is unclear. 25649238 2 60 theme intake 270:275 arg1 effect 256:261 The potential effect 242:261 The potential effect of SCB intake during infancy 242:290 The potential effect of SCB intake during infancy is unclear. 25649238 8 61 dep years 1003:1007 arg1 BMI 1009:1011 BMI 1009:1011 age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) 997:1024 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 61 dep years 1003:1007 arg1 score 1019:1023 s.d. score 1014:1023 s.d. score 1014:1023 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 10 62 theme SCB 1376:1378 arg1 intake 1380:1385 high SCB intake 1371:1385 high SCB intake at 13 months 1371:1398 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 1 63 from index 216:220 arg1 childhood 231:239 childhood 231:239 childhood 231:239 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 3 64 from association 320:330 arg1 months 352:357 13 months 349:357 13 months 349:357 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 9 65 theme body 1272:1275 arg1 percentage 1281:1290 body fat percentage 1272:1290 body fat percentage 1272:1290 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 9 66 from tendency 1123:1130 arg1 girls 1175:1179 girls 1175:1179 girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage 1175:1290 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 3 67 with association 320:330 arg1 development 368:378 BMI development 364:378 BMI development 364:378 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 8 68 from years 1003:1007 arg1 intake 1100:1105 high versus low intake 1084:1105 high versus low intake 1084:1105 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 68 from years 1003:1007 arg1 increase 1026:1033 increase 0.11 1026:1038 increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23) 1026:1081 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 68 from years 1003:1007 arg1 interval 1056:1063 95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23 1041:1080 95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23 1041:1080 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 69 theme SCB 896:898 arg1 intake 900:905 higher SCB intake 889:905 higher SCB intake at 13 months 889:918 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 11 70 theme Higher 1501:1506 arg1 intake 1512:1517 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake 1489:1517 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months 1489:1530 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months was associated with higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys. 25649238 12 71 theme SCB 1731:1733 arg1 intake 1735:1740 limiting SCB intake 1722:1740 limiting SCB intake 1722:1740 Our results imply that the unfavorable effects of SCB intake start early in life and that dietary advice regarding limiting SCB intake should already be given early in life. 25649238 3 72 theme age 418:420 arg1 years 424:428 age 6 years 418:428 age 6 years 418:428 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 5 73 from months 555:560 arg1 intake 542:547 SCB intake 538:547 SCB intake at 13 months 538:560 SCB intake at 13 months was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire with validation against 24-h recalls and was standardized for total energy. 25649238 3 74 from months 352:357 arg1 intake 339:344 SCB intake 335:344 SCB intake at 13 months 335:357 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 3 74 from months 352:357 arg1 association 320:330 the association 316:330 the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development 316:378 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 1 75 theme sugar-containing 140:155 arg1 SCBs 168:171 SCBs 168:171 SCBs 168:171 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 1 75 theme sugar-containing 140:155 arg1 beverages 157:165 sugar-containing beverages 140:165 sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) 140:172 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 12 76 theme dietary 1697:1703 arg1 advice 1705:1710 dietary advice 1697:1710 dietary advice regarding limiting SCB intake 1697:1740 Our results imply that the unfavorable effects of SCB intake start early in life and that dietary advice regarding limiting SCB intake should already be given early in life. 25649238 9 77 theme higher 1140:1145 arg1 ratio 1166:1170 higher android/gynoid fat ratio 1140:1170 higher android/gynoid fat ratio 1140:1170 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 0 78 from composition 54:64 arg1 toddlers 36:43 toddlers 36:43 toddlers 36:43 Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study. 25649238 0 79 theme Generation 89:98 arg1 study 102:106 the Generation R study 85:106 the Generation R study 85:106 Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study. 25649238 9 80 theme fat 1162:1164 arg1 ratio 1166:1170 higher android/gynoid fat ratio 1140:1170 higher android/gynoid fat ratio 1140:1170 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 11 81 from months 1525:1530 arg1 intake 1512:1517 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake 1489:1517 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months 1489:1530 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months was associated with higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys. 25649238 0 82 theme beverage 17:24 arg1 intake 26:31 beverage intake 17:31 beverage intake in toddlers 17:43 Sugar-containing beverage intake in toddlers and body composition up to age 6 years: the Generation R study. 25649238 4 83 theme population-based 495:510 arg1 study 531:535 a population-based prospective cohort study 493:535 a population-based prospective cohort study 493:535 SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 2371 Dutch children from a population-based prospective cohort study. 25649238 8 84 theme age 997:999 arg1 years 1003:1007 age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) 997:1024 age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) 997:1024 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 3 85 theme SCB 335:337 arg1 intake 339:344 SCB intake 335:344 SCB intake at 13 months 335:357 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 4 86 theme cohort 524:529 arg1 study 531:535 a population-based prospective cohort study 493:535 a population-based prospective cohort study 493:535 SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 2371 Dutch children from a population-based prospective cohort study. 25649238 3 87 theme BMI 364:366 arg1 development 368:378 BMI development 364:378 BMI development 364:378 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 4 88 theme Dutch 473:477 arg1 children 479:486 2371 Dutch children 468:486 2371 Dutch children 468:486 SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 2371 Dutch children from a population-based prospective cohort study. 25649238 6 89 theme weight 721:726 arg1 measurements 739:750 repeated weight and height measurements 712:750 repeated weight and height measurements 712:750 BMI was calculated from repeated weight and height measurements, and age- and sex-specific s.d. scores were calculated. 25649238 3 90 theme body 398:401 arg1 composition 403:413 body composition 398:413 body composition 398:413 We examined the association of SCB intake at 13 months with BMI development until 6 years and body composition at age 6 years. 25649238 9 91 theme s.d. 1199:1202 arg1 CI 1223:1224 95% CI -0.02; 0.29 1219:1236 95% CI -0.02; 0.29 1219:1236 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 9 91 theme s.d. 1199:1202 arg1 increase 1204:1211 s.d. increase 0.14 1199:1216 s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29) 1199:1237 We observed a tendency towards higher android/gynoid fat ratio in girls with high intake (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI -0.02; 0.29), versus low intake) but not with body fat percentage. 25649238 11 92 dep years 1575:1579 arg1 up 1563:1564 up 1563:1564 up 1563:1564 CONCLUSIONS Higher SCB intake at 13 months was associated with higher BMI up to age 6 years in girls but not in boys. 25649238 4 93 dep SUBJECTS/METHODS 431:446 arg1 included 459:466 included 459:466 included 2371 Dutch children from a population-based prospective cohort study 459:535 SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 2371 Dutch children from a population-based prospective cohort study. 25649238 10 94 with boys 1361:1364 arg1 intake 1380:1385 high SCB intake 1371:1385 high SCB intake at 13 months 1371:1398 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 1 95 theme mass 211:214 arg1 index 216:220 higher body mass index 199:220 higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood 199:239 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 1 95 theme mass 211:214 arg1 BMI 223:225 BMI 223:225 BMI 223:225 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. 25649238 6 96 theme s.d. 779:782 arg1 scores 784:789 age- and sex-specific s.d. scores 757:789 age- and sex-specific s.d. scores 757:789 BMI was calculated from repeated weight and height measurements, and age- and sex-specific s.d. scores were calculated. 25649238 8 97 dep years 987:991 arg1 intake 1100:1105 high versus low intake 1084:1105 high versus low intake 1084:1105 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 97 dep years 987:991 arg1 increase 1026:1033 increase 0.11 1026:1038 increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23) 1026:1081 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 8 97 dep years 987:991 arg1 interval 1056:1063 95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23 1041:1080 95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23 1041:1080 RESULTS In girls, higher SCB intake at 13 months was significantly associated with higher BMI at ages 2, 3, 4 and 6 years (at age 6 years BMI (s.d. score) increase 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) +0.00; 0.23), high versus low intake). 25649238 10 98 theme % 1450:1450 arg1 increase 1433:1440 s.d. increase 0.14 1428:1445 s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27) 1428:1466 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 10 98 theme % 1450:1450 arg1 CI 1452:1453 95% CI +0.00; 0.27 1448:1465 95% CI +0.00; 0.27 1448:1465 In boys, there was no association with BMI or body composition, but boys with high SCB intake at 13 months were taller at age 6 years (s.d. increase 0.14 (95% CI +0.00; 0.27), versus low intake). 25649238 7 99 theme X-ray 849:853 arg1 absorptiometry 855:868 Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 837:868 Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 837:868 Adiposity was measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 26172302 10 0 theme oncogenic 1641:1649 arg1 transformation 1651:1664 oncogenic transformation 1641:1664 oncogenic transformation 1641:1664 We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. 26172302 7 1 theme In 1104:1105 arg1 studies 1113:1119 In vitro studies 1104:1119 In vitro studies using CRC cell lines 1104:1140 In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF(V600E). 26172302 2 2 theme Elevated 241:248 arg1 expression 263:272 Elevated cell-surface expression 241:272 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) 241:346 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. 26172302 11 3 from value 1742:1746 arg1 patients 1789:1796 stage III colon cancer patients 1766:1796 stage III colon cancer patients 1766:1796 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 3 4 theme antigen 511:517 arg1 cells 530:534 human antigen presenting cells 505:534 human antigen presenting cells 505:534 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 9 5 theme MGL 1404:1406 arg1 binding 1408:1414 MGL binding 1404:1414 MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract 1404:1464 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 4 6 theme oncogenic 646:654 arg1 mutations 661:669 oncogenic BRAF mutations 646:669 oncogenic BRAF mutations 646:669 Both MGL binding and oncogenic BRAF mutations have been implicated in establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. 26172302 7 7 dep In 1104:1105 arg1 vitro 1107:1111 vitro 1107:1111 vitro 1107:1111 In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF(V600E). 26172302 11 8 theme MGL 1751:1753 arg1 ligands 1755:1761 MGL ligands 1751:1761 MGL ligands 1751:1761 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 2 9 theme truncated 277:285 arg1 structures 300:309 truncated carbohydrate structures 277:309 truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) 277:346 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. 26172302 2 9 theme truncated 277:285 arg1 antigen 322:328 Tn antigen 319:328 Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) 319:346 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. 26172302 1 10 theme third 154:158 arg1 cancer 134:139 Colorectal cancer 123:139 Colorectal cancer (CRC) 123:145 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 1 10 theme third 154:158 arg1 type 182:185 the third most prevalent cancer type 150:185 the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50% 150:238 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 0 11 theme colon 100:104 arg1 patients 113:120 stage III colon cancer patients 90:120 stage III colon cancer patients 90:120 MGL ligand expression is correlated to BRAF mutation and associated with poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients. 26172302 11 12 theme tumor 1809:1813 arg1 cells 1815:1819 tumor cells 1809:1819 tumor cells 1809:1819 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 1 13 theme prevalent 165:173 arg1 cancer 134:139 Colorectal cancer 123:139 Colorectal cancer (CRC) 123:145 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 1 13 theme prevalent 165:173 arg1 type 182:185 the third most prevalent cancer type 150:185 the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50% 150:238 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 8 14 theme BRAF 1254:1257 arg1 inhibitors 1266:1275 specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors 1245:1275 specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors 1245:1275 Administration of specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors resulted in decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans. 26172302 10 15 theme V600E 1554:1558 arg1 mutation 1561:1568 the BRAF(V600E) mutation 1545:1568 the BRAF(V600E) mutation 1545:1568 We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. 26172302 0 16 theme patients 113:120 arg1 survival 78:85 poor survival 73:85 poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients 73:120 MGL ligand expression is correlated to BRAF mutation and associated with poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients. 26172302 6 17 theme cancer 916:921 arg1 patients 923:930 386 colon cancer patients 906:930 386 colon cancer patients 906:930 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 5 18 contain has 803:805 arg1 expression 792:801 MGL ligand expression 781:801 MGL ligand expression 781:801 Here we aimed to evaluate whether MGL ligand expression has prognostic value and whether this was correlated to BRAF(V600E) mutation status. 26172302 5 18 contain has 803:805 arg2 value 818:822 prognostic value 807:822 prognostic value 807:822 Here we aimed to evaluate whether MGL ligand expression has prognostic value and whether this was correlated to BRAF(V600E) mutation status. 26172302 8 19 theme V600E 1259:1263 arg1 inhibitors 1266:1275 specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors 1245:1275 specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors 1245:1275 Administration of specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors resulted in decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans. 26172302 10 20 theme BRAF 1549:1552 arg1 mutation 1561:1568 the BRAF(V600E) mutation 1545:1568 the BRAF(V600E) mutation 1545:1568 We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. 26172302 11 21 theme evasive 1886:1892 arg1 role 1894:1897 the putative immune evasive role 1866:1897 the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease 1866:1934 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 9 22 theme tract 1460:1464 arg1 induction 1375:1383 induction 1375:1383 induction of BRAF(V600E) 1375:1398 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 9 22 theme tract 1460:1464 arg1 binding 1408:1414 MGL binding 1404:1414 MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract 1404:1464 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 8 23 theme inhibitors 1266:1275 arg1 Administration 1227:1240 Administration 1227:1240 Administration of specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors 1227:1275 Administration of specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors resulted in decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans. 26172302 3 24 theme presenting 519:528 arg1 cells 530:534 human antigen presenting cells 505:534 human antigen presenting cells 505:534 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 7 25 theme BRAF 1214:1217 arg1 expression 1183:1192 MGL ligand expression 1172:1192 MGL ligand expression 1172:1192 In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF(V600E). 26172302 7 25 theme BRAF 1214:1217 arg1 presence 1202:1209 the presence 1198:1209 the presence of BRAF(V600E) 1198:1224 In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF(V600E). 26172302 3 26 theme specific 589:596 arg1 recognition 598:608 its specific recognition 585:608 its specific recognition of Tn antigen 585:622 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 5 27 theme mutation 871:878 arg1 status 880:885 BRAF(V600E) mutation status 859:885 BRAF(V600E) mutation status 859:885 Here we aimed to evaluate whether MGL ligand expression has prognostic value and whether this was correlated to BRAF(V600E) mutation status. 26172302 11 28 theme strong 1724:1729 arg1 value 1742:1746 The strong prognostic value 1720:1746 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. 1720:1802 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 11 29 theme metastatic 1917:1926 arg1 disease 1928:1934 metastatic disease 1917:1934 metastatic disease 1917:1934 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 8 30 theme MGL-binding 1313:1323 arg1 glycans 1325:1331 MGL-binding glycans 1313:1331 MGL-binding glycans 1313:1331 Administration of specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors resulted in decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans. 26172302 10 31 theme immunosuppressive 1693:1709 arg1 glycans 1711:1717 immunosuppressive glycans 1693:1717 immunosuppressive glycans 1693:1717 We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. 26172302 9 32 theme BRAF 1503:1506 arg1 model 1521:1525 an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model 1490:1525 an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model 1490:1525 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 6 33 theme MGL 957:959 arg1 binding 961:967 high MGL binding 952:967 high MGL binding to stage III tumors 952:987 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 11 34 theme putative 1870:1877 arg1 role 1894:1897 the putative immune evasive role 1866:1897 the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease 1866:1934 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 10 35 theme ligand 1582:1587 arg1 expression 1589:1598 MGL ligand expression 1578:1598 MGL ligand expression 1578:1598 We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. 26172302 7 36 theme ligand 1176:1181 arg1 expression 1183:1192 MGL ligand expression 1172:1192 MGL ligand expression 1172:1192 In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF(V600E). 26172302 9 37 theme V600E 1508:1512 arg1 model 1521:1525 an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model 1490:1525 an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model 1490:1525 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 11 38 theme cancer 1782:1787 arg1 patients 1789:1796 stage III colon cancer patients 1766:1796 stage III colon cancer patients 1766:1796 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 11 39 from patients 1789:1796 arg1 value 1742:1746 The strong prognostic value 1720:1746 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. 1720:1802 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 5 40 theme prognostic 807:816 arg1 value 818:822 prognostic value 807:822 prognostic value 807:822 Here we aimed to evaluate whether MGL ligand expression has prognostic value and whether this was correlated to BRAF(V600E) mutation status. 26172302 1 41 theme % 238:238 arg1 rate 214:217 a mortality rate 202:217 a mortality rate of approximately 50% 202:238 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 9 42 theme mouse 1515:1519 arg1 model 1521:1525 an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model 1490:1525 an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model 1490:1525 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 3 43 theme lectin 445:450 arg1 MGL 486:488 MGL 486:488 MGL 486:488 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 3 43 theme lectin 445:450 arg1 lectin 478:483 the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin 434:483 the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) 434:489 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 6 44 theme disease-free 1013:1024 arg1 survival 1026:1033 poor disease-free survival 1008:1033 poor disease-free survival 1008:1033 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 5 45 theme MGL 781:783 arg1 expression 792:801 MGL ligand expression 781:801 MGL ligand expression 781:801 Here we aimed to evaluate whether MGL ligand expression has prognostic value and whether this was correlated to BRAF(V600E) mutation status. 26172302 3 46 theme antigen 616:622 arg1 recognition 598:608 its specific recognition 585:608 its specific recognition of Tn antigen 585:622 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 2 47 theme Tn 319:320 arg1 GalNAcα-Ser/Thr 331:345 GalNAcα-Ser/Thr 331:345 GalNAcα-Ser/Thr 331:345 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. 26172302 2 47 theme Tn 319:320 arg1 antigen 322:328 Tn antigen 319:328 Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) 319:346 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. 26172302 0 48 theme BRAF 39:42 arg1 mutation 44:51 BRAF mutation 39:51 BRAF mutation 39:51 MGL ligand expression is correlated to BRAF mutation and associated with poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients. 26172302 11 49 theme ligands 1906:1912 arg1 role 1894:1897 the putative immune evasive role 1866:1897 the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease 1866:1934 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 3 50 theme galactose-type 463:476 arg1 MGL 486:488 MGL 486:488 MGL 486:488 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 3 50 theme galactose-type 463:476 arg1 lectin 478:483 the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin 434:483 the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) 434:489 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 1 51 theme worldwide 187:195 arg1 cancer 134:139 Colorectal cancer 123:139 Colorectal cancer (CRC) 123:145 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 1 51 theme worldwide 187:195 arg1 type 182:185 the third most prevalent cancer type 150:185 the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50% 150:238 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 2 52 theme tumor 378:382 arg1 progression 384:394 tumor progression 378:394 tumor progression 378:394 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. 26172302 10 53 theme aberrant 1670:1677 arg1 expression 1679:1688 aberrant expression 1670:1688 aberrant expression 1670:1688 We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. 26172302 5 54 theme BRAF 859:862 arg1 status 880:885 BRAF(V600E) mutation status 859:885 BRAF(V600E) mutation status 859:885 Here we aimed to evaluate whether MGL ligand expression has prognostic value and whether this was correlated to BRAF(V600E) mutation status. 26172302 1 55 with worldwide 187:195 arg1 rate 214:217 a mortality rate 202:217 a mortality rate of approximately 50% 202:238 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 6 56 theme adjuvant 1081:1088 arg1 chemotherapy 1090:1101 adjuvant chemotherapy 1081:1101 adjuvant chemotherapy 1081:1101 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 9 57 theme BRAF 1388:1391 arg1 induction 1375:1383 induction 1375:1383 induction of BRAF(V600E) 1375:1398 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 9 57 theme BRAF 1388:1391 arg1 binding 1408:1414 MGL binding 1404:1414 MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract 1404:1464 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 6 58 theme instability 1066:1076 arg1 independent 1036:1046 independent 1036:1046 independent 1036:1046 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 3 59 theme C-type 438:443 arg1 MGL 486:488 MGL 486:488 MGL 486:488 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 3 59 theme C-type 438:443 arg1 lectin 478:483 the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin 434:483 the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) 434:489 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 2 60 theme cell-surface 250:261 arg1 expression 263:272 Elevated cell-surface expression 241:272 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) 241:346 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. 26172302 3 61 theme human 505:509 arg1 cells 530:534 human antigen presenting cells 505:534 human antigen presenting cells 505:534 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 7 62 theme CRC 1127:1129 arg1 lines 1136:1140 CRC cell lines 1127:1140 CRC cell lines 1127:1140 In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF(V600E). 26172302 4 63 theme MGL 630:632 arg1 binding 634:640 MGL binding 630:640 MGL binding 630:640 Both MGL binding and oncogenic BRAF mutations have been implicated in establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. 26172302 10 64 theme glycans 1711:1717 arg1 transformation 1651:1664 oncogenic transformation 1641:1664 oncogenic transformation 1641:1664 We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. 26172302 10 64 theme glycans 1711:1717 arg1 expression 1679:1688 aberrant expression 1670:1688 aberrant expression 1670:1688 We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. 26172302 2 65 theme carbohydrate 287:298 arg1 structures 300:309 truncated carbohydrate structures 277:309 truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) 277:346 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. 26172302 2 65 theme carbohydrate 287:298 arg1 antigen 322:328 Tn antigen 319:328 Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) 319:346 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. 26172302 6 66 theme high 952:955 arg1 binding 961:967 high MGL binding 952:967 high MGL binding to stage III tumors 952:987 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 11 67 from ligands 1755:1761 arg1 patients 1789:1796 stage III colon cancer patients 1766:1796 stage III colon cancer patients 1766:1796 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 11 68 theme ligands 1755:1761 arg1 value 1742:1746 The strong prognostic value 1720:1746 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. 1720:1802 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 0 69 theme cancer 106:111 arg1 patients 113:120 stage III colon cancer patients 90:120 stage III colon cancer patients 90:120 MGL ligand expression is correlated to BRAF mutation and associated with poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients. 26172302 9 70 theme epithelial 1419:1428 arg1 cells 1430:1434 epithelial cells 1419:1434 epithelial cells 1419:1434 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 3 71 theme healthy 553:559 arg1 tissue 561:566 healthy tissue 553:566 healthy tissue 553:566 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 11 72 from role 1894:1897 arg1 disease 1928:1934 metastatic disease 1917:1934 metastatic disease 1917:1934 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 5 73 theme V600E 864:868 arg1 status 880:885 BRAF(V600E) mutation status 859:885 BRAF(V600E) mutation status 859:885 Here we aimed to evaluate whether MGL ligand expression has prognostic value and whether this was correlated to BRAF(V600E) mutation status. 26172302 1 74 theme cancer 175:180 arg1 cancer 134:139 Colorectal cancer 123:139 Colorectal cancer (CRC) 123:145 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 1 74 theme cancer 175:180 arg1 type 182:185 the third most prevalent cancer type 150:185 the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50% 150:238 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 6 75 theme patients 923:930 arg1 cohort 896:901 a cohort 894:901 a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients 894:930 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 8 76 theme specific 1245:1252 arg1 inhibitors 1266:1275 specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors 1245:1275 specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors 1245:1275 Administration of specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors resulted in decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans. 26172302 11 77 theme colon 1776:1780 arg1 patients 1789:1796 stage III colon cancer patients 1766:1796 stage III colon cancer patients 1766:1796 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 11 78 theme immune 1879:1884 arg1 role 1894:1897 the putative immune evasive role 1866:1897 the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease 1866:1934 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 9 79 theme gastrointestinal 1443:1458 arg1 tract 1460:1464 the gastrointestinal tract 1439:1464 the gastrointestinal tract 1439:1464 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 6 80 theme colon 910:914 arg1 patients 923:930 386 colon cancer patients 906:930 386 colon cancer patients 906:930 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 6 81 dep demonstrate 935:945 arg1 Using 888:892 Using 888:892 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients 888:930 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 11 82 theme stage 1766:1770 arg1 patients 1789:1796 stage III colon cancer patients 1766:1796 stage III colon cancer patients 1766:1796 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 10 83 theme direct 1621:1626 arg1 link 1628:1631 a direct link 1619:1631 a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans 1619:1717 We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. 26172302 11 84 theme MGL 1902:1904 arg1 ligands 1906:1912 MGL ligands 1902:1912 MGL ligands 1902:1912 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 1 85 theme Colorectal 123:132 arg1 cancer 134:139 Colorectal cancer 123:139 Colorectal cancer (CRC) 123:145 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 1 85 theme Colorectal 123:132 arg1 type 182:185 the third most prevalent cancer type 150:185 the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50% 150:238 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 1 85 theme Colorectal 123:132 arg1 CRC 142:144 CRC 142:144 CRC 142:144 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 26172302 4 86 theme BRAF 656:659 arg1 mutations 661:669 oncogenic BRAF mutations 646:669 oncogenic BRAF mutations 646:669 Both MGL binding and oncogenic BRAF mutations have been implicated in establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. 26172302 0 87 theme poor 73:76 arg1 survival 78:85 poor survival 73:85 poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients 73:120 MGL ligand expression is correlated to BRAF mutation and associated with poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients. 26172302 6 88 theme stage 972:976 arg1 tumors 982:987 stage III tumors 972:987 stage III tumors 972:987 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 8 89 theme decreased 1289:1297 arg1 expression 1299:1308 decreased expression 1289:1308 decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans 1289:1331 Administration of specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors resulted in decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans. 26172302 11 90 theme prognostic 1731:1740 arg1 value 1742:1746 The strong prognostic value 1720:1746 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. 1720:1802 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 9 91 theme inducible 1493:1501 arg1 model 1521:1525 an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model 1490:1525 an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model 1490:1525 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 0 92 theme MGL 0:2 arg1 expression 11:20 MGL ligand expression 0:20 MGL ligand expression 0:20 MGL ligand expression is correlated to BRAF mutation and associated with poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients. 26172302 7 93 theme MGL 1172:1174 arg1 expression 1183:1192 MGL ligand expression 1172:1192 MGL ligand expression 1172:1192 In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF(V600E). 26172302 6 94 theme microsatellite 1051:1064 arg1 instability 1066:1076 microsatellite instability 1051:1076 microsatellite instability 1051:1076 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 8 95 theme glycans 1325:1331 arg1 expression 1299:1308 decreased expression 1289:1308 decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans 1289:1331 Administration of specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors resulted in decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans. 26172302 10 96 theme MGL 1578:1580 arg1 expression 1589:1598 MGL ligand expression 1578:1598 MGL ligand expression 1578:1598 We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. 26172302 0 97 theme ligand 4:9 arg1 expression 11:20 MGL ligand expression 0:20 MGL ligand expression 0:20 MGL ligand expression is correlated to BRAF mutation and associated with poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients. 26172302 6 98 theme independent 1036:1046 arg1 survival 1026:1033 poor disease-free survival 1008:1033 poor disease-free survival 1008:1033 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 4 99 theme immunosuppressive 711:727 arg1 microenvironment 729:744 an immunosuppressive microenvironment 708:744 an immunosuppressive microenvironment 708:744 Both MGL binding and oncogenic BRAF mutations have been implicated in establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. 26172302 11 100 theme lymph 1836:1840 arg1 nodes 1842:1846 lymph nodes 1836:1846 lymph nodes 1836:1846 The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease. 26172302 3 101 theme macrophage 452:461 arg1 MGL 486:488 MGL 486:488 MGL 486:488 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 3 101 theme macrophage 452:461 arg1 lectin 478:483 the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin 434:483 the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) 434:489 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 7 102 theme cell 1131:1134 arg1 lines 1136:1140 CRC cell lines 1127:1140 CRC cell lines 1127:1140 In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF(V600E). 26172302 6 103 theme poor 1008:1011 arg1 survival 1026:1033 poor disease-free survival 1008:1033 poor disease-free survival 1008:1033 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 3 104 theme Tn 613:614 arg1 antigen 616:622 Tn antigen 613:622 Tn antigen 613:622 We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. 26172302 0 105 theme stage 90:94 arg1 patients 113:120 stage III colon cancer patients 90:120 stage III colon cancer patients 90:120 MGL ligand expression is correlated to BRAF mutation and associated with poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients. 26172302 5 106 theme ligand 785:790 arg1 expression 792:801 MGL ligand expression 781:801 MGL ligand expression 781:801 Here we aimed to evaluate whether MGL ligand expression has prognostic value and whether this was correlated to BRAF(V600E) mutation status. 26172302 9 107 theme positive 1346:1353 arg1 correlation 1355:1365 a positive correlation 1344:1365 a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract 1344:1464 Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. 26172302 2 108 theme structures 300:309 arg1 expression 263:272 Elevated cell-surface expression 241:272 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) 241:346 Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. 26172302 6 109 theme chemotherapy 1090:1101 arg1 independent 1036:1046 independent 1036:1046 independent 1036:1046 Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. 26172302 1 110 theme mortality 204:212 arg1 rate 214:217 a mortality rate 202:217 a mortality rate of approximately 50% 202:238 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. 27690241 6 0 theme release 882:888 arg1 behavior 890:897 the diffusional release behavior 866:897 the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel 866:937 Moreover, the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel was found to follow the first-order kinetic model. 27690241 1 1 theme thermosensitive 246:260 arg1 hydrogel 283:290 thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel 246:290 thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 246:339 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 0 2 theme formulation 76:86 arg1 release 14:20 In vitro drug release 0:20 In vitro drug release 0:20 In vitro drug release and percutaneous behavior of poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation containing traditional Chinese medicine. 27690241 0 2 theme formulation 76:86 arg1 behavior 39:46 percutaneous behavior 26:46 percutaneous behavior 26:46 In vitro drug release and percutaneous behavior of poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation containing traditional Chinese medicine. 27690241 6 3 theme diffusional 870:880 arg1 behavior 890:897 the diffusional release behavior 866:897 the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel 866:937 Moreover, the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel was found to follow the first-order kinetic model. 27690241 3 4 theme viscosity 636:644 arg1 alteration 617:626 alteration 617:626 alteration of bulk viscosity of the system 617:658 Concentrations of P407 and CMCs showed significant influence on the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system. 27690241 1 5 theme poloxamer 262:270 arg1 hydrogel 283:290 thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel 246:290 thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 246:339 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 0 6 theme Chinese 111:117 arg1 medicine 119:126 traditional Chinese medicine 99:126 traditional Chinese medicine 99:126 In vitro drug release and percutaneous behavior of poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation containing traditional Chinese medicine. 27690241 1 7 contain containing 292:301 arg1 hydrogel 283:290 thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel 246:290 thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 246:339 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 1 7 contain containing 292:301 arg2 medicine 332:339 a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 303:339 a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 303:339 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 0 8 theme traditional 99:109 arg1 medicine 119:126 traditional Chinese medicine 99:126 traditional Chinese medicine 99:126 In vitro drug release and percutaneous behavior of poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation containing traditional Chinese medicine. 27690241 6 9 theme CM 902:903 arg1 behavior 890:897 the diffusional release behavior 866:897 the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel 866:937 Moreover, the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel was found to follow the first-order kinetic model. 27690241 3 10 theme P407 552:555 arg1 Concentrations 534:547 Concentrations 534:547 Concentrations of P407 and CMCs 534:564 Concentrations of P407 and CMCs showed significant influence on the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system. 27690241 4 11 from increase 664:671 arg1 values 679:684 pH values 676:684 pH values of release medium 676:702 An increase in pH values of release medium was found to appreciably impede the release of polar drug (CM) due to ionization. 27690241 2 12 theme CM 521:522 arg1 extract 525:531 Cortex Moutan (CM) extract 506:531 Cortex Moutan (CM) extract 506:531 This study aims to investigate the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract. 27690241 7 13 theme hydrogel 1123:1130 arg1 formulation 1132:1142 the hydrogel formulation 1119:1142 the hydrogel formulation 1119:1142 Additionally, transdermal studies showed that permeability of the drug through the skin can be enhanced with addition of CMCs in the hydrogel formulation. 27690241 4 14 theme drug 757:760 arg1 release 740:746 the release 736:746 the release of polar drug (CM) due to ionization 736:783 An increase in pH values of release medium was found to appreciably impede the release of polar drug (CM) due to ionization. 27690241 2 15 theme formulation 396:406 arg1 variables 408:416 various formulation variables 388:416 various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel 388:486 This study aims to investigate the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract. 27690241 6 16 theme first-order 963:973 arg1 model 983:987 the first-order kinetic model 959:987 the first-order kinetic model 959:987 Moreover, the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel was found to follow the first-order kinetic model. 27690241 4 17 theme polar 751:755 arg1 CM 763:764 CM 763:764 CM 763:764 An increase in pH values of release medium was found to appreciably impede the release of polar drug (CM) due to ionization. 27690241 4 17 theme polar 751:755 arg1 drug 757:760 polar drug 751:760 polar drug (CM) 751:765 An increase in pH values of release medium was found to appreciably impede the release of polar drug (CM) due to ionization. 27690241 2 18 theme various 388:394 arg1 variables 408:416 various formulation variables 388:416 various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel 388:486 This study aims to investigate the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract. 27690241 7 19 theme drug 1056:1059 arg1 permeability 1036:1047 permeability 1036:1047 permeability of the drug through the skin 1036:1076 Additionally, transdermal studies showed that permeability of the drug through the skin can be enhanced with addition of CMCs in the hydrogel formulation. 27690241 2 20 theme Moutan 513:518 arg1 extract 525:531 Cortex Moutan (CM) extract 506:531 Cortex Moutan (CM) extract 506:531 This study aims to investigate the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract. 27690241 0 21 theme In 0:1 arg1 release 14:20 In vitro drug release 0:20 In vitro drug release 0:20 In vitro drug release and percutaneous behavior of poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation containing traditional Chinese medicine. 27690241 7 22 theme CMCs 1111:1114 arg1 addition 1099:1106 addition 1099:1106 addition of CMCs 1099:1114 Additionally, transdermal studies showed that permeability of the drug through the skin can be enhanced with addition of CMCs in the hydrogel formulation. 27690241 3 23 theme significant 573:583 arg1 influence 585:593 significant influence 573:593 significant influence on the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system 573:658 Concentrations of P407 and CMCs showed significant influence on the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system. 27690241 3 24 from influence 585:593 arg1 release 602:608 the release 598:608 the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system 598:658 Concentrations of P407 and CMCs showed significant influence on the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system. 27690241 5 25 theme drug 842:845 arg1 release 847:853 the drug release 838:853 the drug release 838:853 Elevated temperatures were also shown to facilitate the drug release. 27690241 6 26 from hydrogel 930:937 arg1 behavior 890:897 the diffusional release behavior 866:897 the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel 866:937 Moreover, the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel was found to follow the first-order kinetic model. 27690241 2 27 theme extract 525:531 arg1 release 495:501 the release 491:501 the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract 491:531 This study aims to investigate the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract. 27690241 0 28 theme drug 9:12 arg1 release 14:20 In vitro drug release 0:20 In vitro drug release 0:20 In vitro drug release and percutaneous behavior of poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation containing traditional Chinese medicine. 27690241 3 29 theme CMCs 561:564 arg1 Concentrations 534:547 Concentrations 534:547 Concentrations of P407 and CMCs 534:564 Concentrations of P407 and CMCs showed significant influence on the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system. 27690241 4 30 theme pH 676:677 arg1 values 679:684 pH values 676:684 pH values of release medium 676:702 An increase in pH values of release medium was found to appreciably impede the release of polar drug (CM) due to ionization. 27690241 0 31 theme percutaneous 26:37 arg1 behavior 39:46 percutaneous behavior 26:46 percutaneous behavior 26:46 In vitro drug release and percutaneous behavior of poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation containing traditional Chinese medicine. 27690241 6 32 theme composite 920:928 arg1 hydrogel 930:937 P407/CMCs composite hydrogel 910:937 P407/CMCs composite hydrogel 910:937 Moreover, the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel was found to follow the first-order kinetic model. 27690241 1 33 theme transdermal 194:204 arg1 therapy 229:235 a transdermal functionalized textile therapy 192:235 a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 192:339 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 6 34 theme P407/CMCs 910:918 arg1 hydrogel 930:937 P407/CMCs composite hydrogel 910:937 P407/CMCs composite hydrogel 910:937 Moreover, the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel was found to follow the first-order kinetic model. 27690241 3 35 theme bulk 631:634 arg1 viscosity 636:644 bulk viscosity 631:644 bulk viscosity of the system 631:658 Concentrations of P407 and CMCs showed significant influence on the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system. 27690241 1 36 theme functionalized 206:219 arg1 therapy 229:235 a transdermal functionalized textile therapy 192:235 a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 192:339 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 2 37 theme hydrogel 479:486 arg1 variables 408:416 various formulation variables 388:416 various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel 388:486 This study aims to investigate the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract. 27690241 1 38 theme traditional 305:315 arg1 medicine 332:339 a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 303:339 a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 303:339 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 0 39 theme poloxamer-based 51:65 arg1 formulation 76:86 poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation 51:86 poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation 51:86 In vitro drug release and percutaneous behavior of poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation containing traditional Chinese medicine. 27690241 2 40 from effects 377:383 arg1 release 495:501 the release 491:501 the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract 491:531 This study aims to investigate the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract. 27690241 4 41 theme medium 697:702 arg1 values 679:684 pH values 676:684 pH values of release medium 676:702 An increase in pH values of release medium was found to appreciably impede the release of polar drug (CM) due to ionization. 27690241 2 42 theme composite 469:477 arg1 hydrogel 479:486 P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel 421:486 P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel 421:486 This study aims to investigate the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract. 27690241 1 43 theme Chinese 317:323 arg1 medicine 332:339 a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 303:339 a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 303:339 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 4 44 theme release 689:695 arg1 medium 697:702 release medium 689:702 release medium 689:702 An increase in pH values of release medium was found to appreciably impede the release of polar drug (CM) due to ionization. 27690241 1 45 theme herbal 325:330 arg1 medicine 332:339 a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 303:339 a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 303:339 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 1 46 theme textile 221:227 arg1 therapy 229:235 a transdermal functionalized textile therapy 192:235 a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine 192:339 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 7 47 theme transdermal 1004:1014 arg1 studies 1016:1022 transdermal studies 1004:1022 transdermal studies 1004:1022 Additionally, transdermal studies showed that permeability of the drug through the skin can be enhanced with addition of CMCs in the hydrogel formulation. 27690241 3 48 theme system 653:658 arg1 viscosity 636:644 bulk viscosity 631:644 bulk viscosity of the system 631:658 Concentrations of P407 and CMCs showed significant influence on the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system. 27690241 5 49 theme Elevated 786:793 arg1 temperatures 795:806 Elevated temperatures 786:806 Elevated temperatures 786:806 Elevated temperatures were also shown to facilitate the drug release. 27690241 0 50 theme hydrogel 67:74 arg1 formulation 76:86 poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation 51:86 poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation 51:86 In vitro drug release and percutaneous behavior of poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation containing traditional Chinese medicine. 27690241 2 51 theme variables 408:416 arg1 effects 377:383 the effects 373:383 the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract 373:531 This study aims to investigate the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract. 27690241 3 52 theme due 610:612 arg1 release 602:608 the release 598:608 the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system 598:658 Concentrations of P407 and CMCs showed significant influence on the release due to alteration of bulk viscosity of the system. 27690241 1 53 theme atopic 150:155 arg1 dermatitis 157:166 atopic dermatitis 150:166 atopic dermatitis (AD) 150:171 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 1 53 theme atopic 150:155 arg1 AD 169:170 AD 169:170 AD 169:170 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 2 54 theme Cortex 506:511 arg1 extract 525:531 Cortex Moutan (CM) extract 506:531 Cortex Moutan (CM) extract 506:531 This study aims to investigate the effects of various formulation variables of P407/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (P407/CMCs) composite hydrogel on the release of Cortex Moutan (CM) extract. 27690241 0 55 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro drug release and percutaneous behavior of poloxamer-based hydrogel formulation containing traditional Chinese medicine. 27690241 1 56 theme dermatitis 157:166 arg1 treatment 137:145 the treatment 133:145 the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) 133:171 For the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), we have developed a transdermal functionalized textile therapy based on thermosensitive poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel containing a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. 27690241 6 57 theme kinetic 975:981 arg1 model 983:987 the first-order kinetic model 959:987 the first-order kinetic model 959:987 Moreover, the diffusional release behavior of CM from P407/CMCs composite hydrogel was found to follow the first-order kinetic model. 25371517 4 0 theme 46.1 mol 758:765 arg1 % 766:766 46.1 mol% 758:766 46.1 mol% 758:766 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 is composed of 42 205 bp of dsDNA with a G+C content of 46.1 mol%. 25371517 6 1 theme little 952:957 arg1 similarity 959:968 little similarity 952:968 little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database 952:1029 The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 showed little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database and thus was considered unique. 25371517 8 2 theme LysSs1 1219:1224 arg1 activity 1207:1214 the hydrolytic activity 1192:1214 the hydrolytic activity of LysSs1 against Gram-negative peptidoglycan 1192:1260 Zymographic experiments demonstrated the hydrolytic activity of LysSs1 against Gram-negative peptidoglycan, and this endolysin thus represents a novel candidate with potential for use against Gram-negative pathogens. 25371517 3 3 theme Cronobacter 532:542 arg1 vB_CsaP_Ss1 550:560 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 532:560 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 532:560 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 0 4 theme bacterial 117:125 arg1 pathogens 127:135 Gram-negative bacterial pathogens 103:135 Gram-negative bacterial pathogens 103:135 Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 reveals an endolysin with potential for biocontrol of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. 25371517 6 5 theme vB_CsaP_Ss1 933:943 arg1 genome 905:910 The genome 901:910 The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 901:943 The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 showed little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database and thus was considered unique. 25371517 0 6 with endolysin 60:68 arg1 potential 75:83 potential 75:83 potential 75:83 Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 reveals an endolysin with potential for biocontrol of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. 25371517 4 7 theme dsDNA 730:734 arg1 bp 724:725 42 205 bp 717:725 42 205 bp of dsDNA with a G+C content of 46.1 mol% 717:766 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 is composed of 42 205 bp of dsDNA with a G+C content of 46.1 mol%. 25371517 0 8 theme Gram-negative 103:115 arg1 pathogens 127:135 Gram-negative bacterial pathogens 103:135 Gram-negative bacterial pathogens 103:135 Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 reveals an endolysin with potential for biocontrol of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. 25371517 6 9 theme phage 927:931 arg1 vB_CsaP_Ss1 933:943 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 915:943 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 915:943 The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 showed little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database and thus was considered unique. 25371517 4 10 theme Cronobacter 672:682 arg1 vB_CsaP_Ss1 690:700 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 672:700 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 672:700 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 is composed of 42 205 bp of dsDNA with a G+C content of 46.1 mol%. 25371517 4 11 theme phage 684:688 arg1 vB_CsaP_Ss1 690:700 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 672:700 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 672:700 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 is composed of 42 205 bp of dsDNA with a G+C content of 46.1 mol%. 25371517 5 12 theme ORFs 783:786 arg1 total 771:775 A total 769:775 A total of 57 ORFs 769:786 A total of 57 ORFs were identified of which 18 could be assigned a putative function based on similarity to characterized proteins. 25371517 5 13 theme putative 836:843 arg1 function 845:852 a putative function 834:852 a putative function based on similarity to characterized proteins 834:898 A total of 57 ORFs were identified of which 18 could be assigned a putative function based on similarity to characterized proteins. 25371517 6 14 theme Cronobacter 915:925 arg1 vB_CsaP_Ss1 933:943 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 915:943 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 915:943 The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 showed little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database and thus was considered unique. 25371517 3 15 theme capable 620:626 arg1 endolysin 609:617 its endolysin 605:617 its endolysin 605:617 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 2 16 theme novel 425:429 arg1 alternatives 431:442 novel alternatives 425:442 novel alternatives in the war against infectious disease 425:480 The reduced efficacy of conventional antibiotics has resulted in a quest to find novel alternatives in the war against infectious disease. 25371517 0 17 theme Genome 0:5 arg1 analysis 7:14 Genome analysis 0:14 Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 0:47 Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 reveals an endolysin with potential for biocontrol of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. 25371517 1 18 theme viable 211:216 arg1 agents 242:247 viable alternative therapeutic agents 211:247 viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 211:306 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 25371517 1 18 theme viable 211:216 arg1 impetus 200:206 impetus 200:206 impetus 200:206 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 25371517 0 19 theme Cronobacter 19:29 arg1 vB_CsaP_Ss1 37:47 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 19:47 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 19:47 Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 reveals an endolysin with potential for biocontrol of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. 25371517 1 20 theme food 329:332 arg1 industry 334:341 the food industry 325:341 the food industry 325:341 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 25371517 2 21 theme reduced 348:354 arg1 efficacy 356:363 The reduced efficacy 344:363 The reduced efficacy of conventional antibiotics 344:391 The reduced efficacy of conventional antibiotics has resulted in a quest to find novel alternatives in the war against infectious disease. 25371517 2 22 theme infectious 463:472 arg1 disease 474:480 infectious disease 463:480 infectious disease 463:480 The reduced efficacy of conventional antibiotics has resulted in a quest to find novel alternatives in the war against infectious disease. 25371517 3 23 theme full-genome 508:518 arg1 sequence 520:527 the full-genome sequence 504:527 the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 504:560 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 0 24 theme pathogens 127:135 arg1 biocontrol 89:98 biocontrol 89:98 biocontrol of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens 89:135 Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 reveals an endolysin with potential for biocontrol of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. 25371517 1 25 theme therapeutic 230:240 arg1 agents 242:247 viable alternative therapeutic agents 211:247 viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 211:306 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 25371517 1 25 theme therapeutic 230:240 arg1 impetus 200:206 impetus 200:206 impetus 200:206 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 25371517 0 26 theme vB_CsaP_Ss1 37:47 arg1 analysis 7:14 Genome analysis 0:14 Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 0:47 Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 reveals an endolysin with potential for biocontrol of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. 25371517 4 27 theme % 766:766 arg1 content 747:753 a G+C content 741:753 a G+C content of 46.1 mol% 741:766 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 is composed of 42 205 bp of dsDNA with a G+C content of 46.1 mol%. 25371517 7 28 theme predicted 1103:1111 arg1 endolysin 1113:1121 the predicted endolysin 1099:1121 the predicted endolysin (LysSs1) 1099:1130 In addition, functional analysis of the predicted endolysin (LysSs1) was also investigated. 25371517 7 28 theme predicted 1103:1111 arg1 LysSs1 1124:1129 LysSs1 1124:1129 LysSs1 1124:1129 In addition, functional analysis of the predicted endolysin (LysSs1) was also investigated. 25371517 3 29 theme peptidoglycan 657:669 arg1 capable 620:626 capable 620:626 capable 620:626 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 5 30 theme characterized 877:889 arg1 proteins 891:898 characterized proteins 877:898 characterized proteins 877:898 A total of 57 ORFs were identified of which 18 could be assigned a putative function based on similarity to characterized proteins. 25371517 0 31 theme phage 31:35 arg1 vB_CsaP_Ss1 37:47 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 19:47 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 19:47 Genome analysis of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 reveals an endolysin with potential for biocontrol of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. 25371517 6 32 theme available 1005:1013 arg1 genomes 997:1003 any other bacteriophage genomes 973:1003 any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database 973:1029 The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 showed little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database and thus was considered unique. 25371517 6 33 from database 1022:1029 arg1 available 1005:1013 available 1005:1013 available 1005:1013 The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 showed little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database and thus was considered unique. 25371517 4 34 with dsDNA 730:734 arg1 content 747:753 a G+C content 741:753 a G+C content of 46.1 mol% 741:766 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 is composed of 42 205 bp of dsDNA with a G+C content of 46.1 mol%. 25371517 8 35 theme Gram-negative 1234:1246 arg1 peptidoglycan 1248:1260 Gram-negative peptidoglycan 1234:1260 Gram-negative peptidoglycan 1234:1260 Zymographic experiments demonstrated the hydrolytic activity of LysSs1 against Gram-negative peptidoglycan, and this endolysin thus represents a novel candidate with potential for use against Gram-negative pathogens. 25371517 8 36 theme novel 1300:1304 arg1 candidate 1306:1314 a novel candidate 1298:1314 a novel candidate with potential for use against Gram-negative pathogens 1298:1369 Zymographic experiments demonstrated the hydrolytic activity of LysSs1 against Gram-negative peptidoglycan, and this endolysin thus represents a novel candidate with potential for use against Gram-negative pathogens. 25371517 8 37 theme Zymographic 1155:1165 arg1 experiments 1167:1177 Zymographic experiments 1155:1177 Zymographic experiments 1155:1177 Zymographic experiments demonstrated the hydrolytic activity of LysSs1 against Gram-negative peptidoglycan, and this endolysin thus represents a novel candidate with potential for use against Gram-negative pathogens. 25371517 3 38 theme hydrolysing 631:641 arg1 peptidoglycan 657:669 hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan 631:669 hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan 631:669 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 7 39 theme functional 1076:1085 arg1 analysis 1087:1094 functional analysis 1076:1094 functional analysis of the predicted endolysin (LysSs1) 1076:1130 In addition, functional analysis of the predicted endolysin (LysSs1) was also investigated. 25371517 3 40 theme phage 544:548 arg1 vB_CsaP_Ss1 550:560 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 532:560 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 532:560 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 7 41 theme endolysin 1113:1121 arg1 analysis 1087:1094 functional analysis 1076:1094 functional analysis of the predicted endolysin (LysSs1) 1076:1130 In addition, functional analysis of the predicted endolysin (LysSs1) was also investigated. 25371517 6 42 theme bacteriophage 983:995 arg1 genomes 997:1003 any other bacteriophage genomes 973:1003 any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database 973:1029 The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 showed little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database and thus was considered unique. 25371517 3 43 theme Gram-negative 643:655 arg1 peptidoglycan 657:669 hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan 631:669 hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan 631:669 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 8 44 with candidate 1306:1314 arg1 potential 1321:1329 potential 1321:1329 potential 1321:1329 Zymographic experiments demonstrated the hydrolytic activity of LysSs1 against Gram-negative peptidoglycan, and this endolysin thus represents a novel candidate with potential for use against Gram-negative pathogens. 25371517 3 45 theme vB_CsaP_Ss1 550:560 arg1 sequence 520:527 the full-genome sequence 504:527 the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 504:560 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 6 46 theme other 977:981 arg1 genomes 997:1003 any other bacteriophage genomes 973:1003 any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database 973:1029 The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 showed little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database and thus was considered unique. 25371517 6 47 from available 1005:1013 arg1 database 1022:1029 the database 1018:1029 the database 1018:1029 The genome of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 showed little similarity to any other bacteriophage genomes available in the database and thus was considered unique. 25371517 2 48 from alternatives 431:442 arg1 war 451:453 the war 447:453 the war against infectious disease 447:480 The reduced efficacy of conventional antibiotics has resulted in a quest to find novel alternatives in the war against infectious disease. 25371517 2 49 theme antibiotics 381:391 arg1 efficacy 356:363 The reduced efficacy 344:363 The reduced efficacy of conventional antibiotics 344:391 The reduced efficacy of conventional antibiotics has resulted in a quest to find novel alternatives in the war against infectious disease. 25371517 3 50 theme endolysin 609:617 arg1 expression 591:600 expression 591:600 expression 591:600 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 3 50 theme endolysin 609:617 arg1 cloning 579:585 subsequent cloning 568:585 subsequent cloning 568:585 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 1 51 theme control 252:258 arg1 pathogens 298:306 control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 252:306 control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 252:306 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 25371517 2 52 theme conventional 368:379 arg1 antibiotics 381:391 conventional antibiotics 368:391 conventional antibiotics 368:391 The reduced efficacy of conventional antibiotics has resulted in a quest to find novel alternatives in the war against infectious disease. 25371517 1 53 theme harmful 260:266 arg1 pathogens 298:306 control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 252:306 control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 252:306 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 25371517 8 54 theme hydrolytic 1196:1205 arg1 activity 1207:1214 the hydrolytic activity 1192:1214 the hydrolytic activity of LysSs1 against Gram-negative peptidoglycan 1192:1260 Zymographic experiments demonstrated the hydrolytic activity of LysSs1 against Gram-negative peptidoglycan, and this endolysin thus represents a novel candidate with potential for use against Gram-negative pathogens. 25371517 8 55 theme Gram-negative 1347:1359 arg1 pathogens 1361:1369 Gram-negative pathogens 1347:1369 Gram-negative pathogens 1347:1369 Zymographic experiments demonstrated the hydrolytic activity of LysSs1 against Gram-negative peptidoglycan, and this endolysin thus represents a novel candidate with potential for use against Gram-negative pathogens. 25371517 1 56 theme alternative 218:228 arg1 agents 242:247 viable alternative therapeutic agents 211:247 viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 211:306 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 25371517 1 56 theme alternative 218:228 arg1 impetus 200:206 impetus 200:206 impetus 200:206 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 25371517 3 57 theme subsequent 568:577 arg1 cloning 579:585 subsequent cloning 568:585 subsequent cloning 568:585 This study describes the full-genome sequence of Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1, with subsequent cloning and expression of its endolysin, capable of hydrolysing Gram-negative peptidoglycan. 25371517 1 58 theme multidrug-resistant 268:286 arg1 pathogens 298:306 control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 252:306 control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 252:306 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 25371517 4 59 theme G+C 743:745 arg1 content 747:753 a G+C content 741:753 a G+C content of 46.1 mol% 741:766 Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_Ss1 is composed of 42 205 bp of dsDNA with a G+C content of 46.1 mol%. 25371517 1 60 theme bacterial 288:296 arg1 pathogens 298:306 control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 252:306 control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens 252:306 Bacteriophages and their derivatives are continuously gaining impetus as viable alternative therapeutic agents to control harmful multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, particularly in the food industry. 26562262 3 0 from export 499:504 arg1 cells 537:541 other secretory cells 521:541 other secretory cells 521:541 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 11 1 theme reticulum 1820:1828 arg1 compartment 1830:1840 endoplasmic reticulum compartment 1808:1840 endoplasmic reticulum compartment 1808:1840 Collectively, these results show that XBP1 is required for MEC population expansion during lactation and its ability to develop an elaborate endoplasmic reticulum compartment. 26562262 7 2 theme associated 1205:1214 arg1 genes 1216:1220 associated genes 1205:1220 associated genes in isolated MEC 1205:1236 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 5 3 contain had 880:882 arg2 development 915:925 morphologically normal mammary development 884:925 morphologically normal mammary development 884:925 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. 26562262 5 3 contain had 880:882 arg1 females 872:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females 852:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females 852:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. 26562262 8 4 theme prominent 1378:1386 arg1 population 1398:1407 a prominent adipocyte population 1376:1407 a prominent adipocyte population 1376:1407 By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1(MEC) glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. 26562262 11 5 theme MEC 1726:1728 arg1 expansion 1741:1749 MEC population expansion 1726:1749 MEC population expansion 1726:1749 Collectively, these results show that XBP1 is required for MEC population expansion during lactation and its ability to develop an elaborate endoplasmic reticulum compartment. 26562262 4 6 theme Cre 766:768 arg1 recombinase 770:780 the Cre recombinase 762:780 the Cre recombinase 762:780 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 6 7 theme lactation 1039:1047 arg1 day 1049:1051 lactation day 3 1039:1053 lactation day 3 (L3)3 that grew to 80% by L14 1039:1083 Their litters, however, suffered a weight gain deficit by lactation day 3 (L3)3 that grew to 80% by L14. 26562262 3 8 from coordination 469:480 arg1 cells 537:541 other secretory cells 521:541 other secretory cells 521:541 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 3 9 theme secretory 527:535 arg1 cells 537:541 other secretory cells 521:541 other secretory cells 521:541 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 4 10 dep type 738:741 arg1 WT 744:745 WT 744:745 WT 744:745 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 7 11 theme isolated 1225:1232 arg1 MEC 1234:1236 isolated MEC 1225:1236 isolated MEC 1225:1236 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 11 12 theme endoplasmic 1808:1818 arg1 reticulum 1820:1828 endoplasmic reticulum 1808:1828 endoplasmic reticulum compartment 1808:1840 Collectively, these results show that XBP1 is required for MEC population expansion during lactation and its ability to develop an elaborate endoplasmic reticulum compartment. 26562262 3 13 from synthesis 485:493 arg1 cells 537:541 other secretory cells 521:541 other secretory cells 521:541 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 7 14 from MEC 1234:1236 arg1 expression 1191:1200 the expression 1187:1200 the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC 1187:1236 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 9 15 theme ΔXBP1 1448:1452 arg1 glands 1459:1464 ΔXBP1(MEC) glands 1448:1464 ΔXBP1(MEC) glands 1448:1464 The smaller epithelial compartment in ΔXBP1(MEC) glands was explained by lower MEC proliferation and increased apoptosis. 26562262 6 16 theme weight 1016:1021 arg1 deficit 1028:1034 a weight gain deficit 1014:1034 a weight gain deficit 1014:1034 Their litters, however, suffered a weight gain deficit by lactation day 3 (L3)3 that grew to 80% by L14. 26562262 0 17 theme Endoplasmic 119:129 arg1 Formation 141:149 Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation 119:149 Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation 119:149 XBP1 Regulates the Biosynthetic Capacity of the Mammary Gland During Lactation by Controlling Epithelial Expansion and Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation. 26562262 8 18 dep fewer 1332:1336 arg1 unfilled 1346:1353 unfilled 1346:1353 unfilled 1346:1353 By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1(MEC) glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. 26562262 1 19 theme high 217:220 arg1 capacity 222:229 a high capacity 215:229 a high capacity to secrete not only proteins but also triglycerides and carbohydrates 215:299 Cells composing the mammary secretory compartment have evolved a high capacity to secrete not only proteins but also triglycerides and carbohydrates. 26562262 3 20 theme X-box 595:599 arg1 protein 609:615 X-box binding protein 1 595:617 the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) 570:624 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 3 20 theme X-box 595:599 arg1 XBP1 620:623 XBP1 620:623 XBP1 620:623 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 4 21 theme β-lactoglobulin 813:827 arg1 promoter 829:836 ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter 807:836 the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)) 803:849 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 3 22 theme transcription 574:586 arg1 factor 588:593 the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) 570:624 the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) 570:624 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 5 23 theme same 949:952 arg1 number 954:959 the same number 945:959 the same number of pups as WT mice 945:978 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. 26562262 9 24 theme lower 1483:1487 arg1 proliferation 1493:1505 lower MEC proliferation 1483:1505 lower MEC proliferation 1483:1505 The smaller epithelial compartment in ΔXBP1(MEC) glands was explained by lower MEC proliferation and increased apoptosis. 26562262 6 25 theme L3 1056:1057 arg1 day 1049:1051 lactation day 3 1039:1053 lactation day 3 (L3)3 that grew to 80% by L14 1039:1083 Their litters, however, suffered a weight gain deficit by lactation day 3 (L3)3 that grew to 80% by L14. 26562262 4 26 dep promoter 829:836 arg1 MEC 845:847 MEC 845:847 MEC 845:847 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 4 26 dep promoter 829:836 arg1 ΔXBP1 839:843 ΔXBP1 839:843 ΔXBP1(MEC) 839:848 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 4 27 dep mice 719:722 arg1 expressing 751:760 expressing 751:760 expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)) 751:849 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 4 27 dep mice 719:722 arg1 lacking 724:730 lacking 724:730 lacking (wild type; WT) 724:746 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 7 28 from expression 1191:1200 arg1 MEC 1234:1236 isolated MEC 1225:1236 isolated MEC 1225:1236 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 4 29 theme epithelial 665:674 arg1 MEC 683:685 MEC 683:685 MEC 683:685 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 4 29 theme epithelial 665:674 arg1 cells 676:680 mammary epithelial cells 657:680 mammary epithelial cells (MEC) 657:686 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 1 30 theme mammary 172:178 arg1 compartment 190:200 the mammary secretory compartment 168:200 the mammary secretory compartment 168:200 Cells composing the mammary secretory compartment have evolved a high capacity to secrete not only proteins but also triglycerides and carbohydrates. 26562262 9 31 theme increased 1511:1519 arg1 apoptosis 1521:1529 increased apoptosis 1511:1529 increased apoptosis 1511:1529 The smaller epithelial compartment in ΔXBP1(MEC) glands was explained by lower MEC proliferation and increased apoptosis. 26562262 4 32 theme female 712:717 arg1 mice 719:722 floxed XBP1 female mice 700:722 floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)) 700:849 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 5 33 theme MEC 867:869 arg1 females 872:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females 852:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females 852:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. 26562262 2 34 theme milk 393:396 arg1 proteins 398:405 milk proteins 393:405 milk proteins 393:405 This feature is illustrated by the mouse, which can secrete nearly twice its own weight in milk proteins, triglycerides and lactose over a short 20-day lactation. 26562262 2 35 theme short 441:445 arg1 lactation 454:462 a short 20-day lactation 439:462 a short 20-day lactation 439:462 This feature is illustrated by the mouse, which can secrete nearly twice its own weight in milk proteins, triglycerides and lactose over a short 20-day lactation. 26562262 9 36 theme smaller 1414:1420 arg1 compartment 1433:1443 The smaller epithelial compartment 1410:1443 The smaller epithelial compartment in ΔXBP1(MEC) glands 1410:1464 The smaller epithelial compartment in ΔXBP1(MEC) glands was explained by lower MEC proliferation and increased apoptosis. 26562262 4 37 theme floxed 700:705 arg1 mice 719:722 floxed XBP1 female mice 700:722 floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)) 700:849 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 5 38 theme ΔXBP1 861:865 arg1 females 872:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females 852:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females 852:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. 26562262 7 39 theme modest 1111:1116 arg1 changes 1118:1124 only modest changes 1106:1124 only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC 1106:1236 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 2 40 from weight 383:388 arg1 lactose 426:432 lactose 426:432 lactose 426:432 This feature is illustrated by the mouse, which can secrete nearly twice its own weight in milk proteins, triglycerides and lactose over a short 20-day lactation. 26562262 2 40 from weight 383:388 arg1 triglycerides 408:420 triglycerides 408:420 triglycerides 408:420 This feature is illustrated by the mouse, which can secrete nearly twice its own weight in milk proteins, triglycerides and lactose over a short 20-day lactation. 26562262 2 40 from weight 383:388 arg1 proteins 398:405 milk proteins 393:405 milk proteins 393:405 This feature is illustrated by the mouse, which can secrete nearly twice its own weight in milk proteins, triglycerides and lactose over a short 20-day lactation. 26562262 0 41 theme Gland 56:60 arg1 Capacity 32:39 the Biosynthetic Capacity 15:39 the Biosynthetic Capacity of the Mammary Gland 15:60 XBP1 Regulates the Biosynthetic Capacity of the Mammary Gland During Lactation by Controlling Epithelial Expansion and Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation. 26562262 3 42 theme synthesis 485:493 arg1 coordination 469:480 The coordination 465:480 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells 465:541 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 7 43 dep composition 1134:1144 arg1 % 1150:1150 -21% 1147:1150 -21% protein 1147:1158 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 7 43 dep composition 1134:1144 arg1 % 1164:1164 +24% 1161:1164 +24% triglyceride 1161:1177 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 4 44 theme wild 733:736 arg1 type 738:741 wild type 733:741 wild type 733:741 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 8 45 theme adipocyte 1388:1396 arg1 population 1398:1407 a prominent adipocyte population 1376:1407 a prominent adipocyte population 1376:1407 By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1(MEC) glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. 26562262 7 46 from changes 1118:1124 arg1 expression 1191:1200 the expression 1187:1200 the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC 1187:1236 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 7 46 from changes 1118:1124 arg1 composition 1134:1144 milk composition 1129:1144 milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) 1129:1178 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 3 47 dep factor 588:593 arg1 protein 609:615 X-box binding protein 1 595:617 the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) 570:624 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 3 47 dep factor 588:593 arg1 XBP1 620:623 XBP1 620:623 XBP1 620:623 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 3 48 theme products 509:516 arg1 synthesis 485:493 synthesis 485:493 synthesis 485:493 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 3 48 theme products 509:516 arg1 export 499:504 export 499:504 export 499:504 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 10 49 from ΔXBP1 1593:1597 arg1 abundant 1581:1588 abundant 1581:1588 abundant 1581:1588 Finally, endoplasmic reticulum ribbons were less abundant in ΔXBP1(MEC) at pregnancy day 18 and failed to increase in abundance by L5. 26562262 5 50 theme mammary 907:913 arg1 development 915:925 morphologically normal mammary development 884:925 morphologically normal mammary development 884:925 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. 26562262 3 51 theme export 499:504 arg1 coordination 469:480 The coordination 465:480 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells 465:541 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 7 52 theme genes 1216:1220 arg1 expression 1191:1200 the expression 1187:1200 the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC 1187:1236 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 3 53 theme other 521:525 arg1 cells 537:541 other secretory cells 521:541 other secretory cells 521:541 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 4 54 from role 641:644 arg1 MEC 683:685 MEC 683:685 MEC 683:685 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 4 54 from role 641:644 arg1 cells 676:680 mammary epithelial cells 657:680 mammary epithelial cells (MEC) 657:686 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 1 55 theme secretory 180:188 arg1 compartment 190:200 the mammary secretory compartment 168:200 the mammary secretory compartment 168:200 Cells composing the mammary secretory compartment have evolved a high capacity to secrete not only proteins but also triglycerides and carbohydrates. 26562262 10 56 from day 1617:1619 arg1 abundant 1581:1588 abundant 1581:1588 abundant 1581:1588 Finally, endoplasmic reticulum ribbons were less abundant in ΔXBP1(MEC) at pregnancy day 18 and failed to increase in abundance by L5. 26562262 9 57 theme epithelial 1422:1431 arg1 compartment 1433:1443 The smaller epithelial compartment 1410:1443 The smaller epithelial compartment in ΔXBP1(MEC) glands 1410:1464 The smaller epithelial compartment in ΔXBP1(MEC) glands was explained by lower MEC proliferation and increased apoptosis. 26562262 7 58 dep % 1164:1164 arg1 triglyceride 1166:1177 triglyceride 1166:1177 +24% triglyceride 1161:1177 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 9 59 from compartment 1433:1443 arg1 glands 1459:1464 ΔXBP1(MEC) glands 1448:1464 ΔXBP1(MEC) glands 1448:1464 The smaller epithelial compartment in ΔXBP1(MEC) glands was explained by lower MEC proliferation and increased apoptosis. 26562262 6 60 theme gain 1023:1026 arg1 deficit 1028:1034 a weight gain deficit 1014:1034 a weight gain deficit 1014:1034 Their litters, however, suffered a weight gain deficit by lactation day 3 (L3)3 that grew to 80% by L14. 26562262 0 61 theme Reticulum 131:139 arg1 Formation 141:149 Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation 119:149 Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation 119:149 XBP1 Regulates the Biosynthetic Capacity of the Mammary Gland During Lactation by Controlling Epithelial Expansion and Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation. 26562262 11 62 theme population 1730:1739 arg1 expansion 1741:1749 MEC population expansion 1726:1749 MEC population expansion 1726:1749 Collectively, these results show that XBP1 is required for MEC population expansion during lactation and its ability to develop an elaborate endoplasmic reticulum compartment. 26562262 5 63 theme pups 964:967 arg1 number 954:959 the same number 945:959 the same number of pups as WT mice 945:978 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. 26562262 7 64 dep % 1150:1150 arg1 protein 1152:1158 protein 1152:1158 -21% protein 1147:1158 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 8 65 contain contained 1322:1330 arg1 glands 1315:1320 ΔXBP1(MEC) glands 1304:1320 ΔXBP1(MEC) glands 1304:1320 By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1(MEC) glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. 26562262 8 65 contain contained 1322:1330 arg2 alveoli 1355:1361 fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli 1332:1361 fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli 1332:1361 By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1(MEC) glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. 26562262 5 66 theme WT 972:973 arg1 mice 975:978 WT mice 972:978 WT mice 972:978 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. 26562262 10 67 theme endoplasmic 1541:1551 arg1 reticulum 1553:1561 endoplasmic reticulum 1541:1561 endoplasmic reticulum ribbons 1541:1569 Finally, endoplasmic reticulum ribbons were less abundant in ΔXBP1(MEC) at pregnancy day 18 and failed to increase in abundance by L5. 26562262 4 68 theme ovine 807:811 arg1 promoter 829:836 ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter 807:836 the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)) 803:849 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 4 69 theme promoter 829:836 arg1 control 792:798 the control 788:798 the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)) 788:849 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 8 70 theme WT 1246:1247 arg1 glands 1249:1254 WT glands 1246:1254 WT glands 1246:1254 By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1(MEC) glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. 26562262 8 71 used occupied 1267:1274 arg2 glands 1249:1254 WT glands 1246:1254 WT glands 1246:1254 By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1(MEC) glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. 26562262 3 72 theme binding 601:607 arg1 protein 609:615 X-box binding protein 1 595:617 the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) 570:624 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 3 72 theme binding 601:607 arg1 XBP1 620:623 XBP1 620:623 XBP1 620:623 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 4 73 dep lacking 724:730 arg1 type 738:741 wild type 733:741 wild type 733:741 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 9 74 theme MEC 1489:1491 arg1 proliferation 1493:1505 lower MEC proliferation 1483:1505 lower MEC proliferation 1483:1505 The smaller epithelial compartment in ΔXBP1(MEC) glands was explained by lower MEC proliferation and increased apoptosis. 26562262 4 75 theme XBP1 649:652 arg1 role 641:644 the role 637:644 the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC) 637:686 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 4 76 theme mammary 657:663 arg1 MEC 683:685 MEC 683:685 MEC 683:685 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 4 76 theme mammary 657:663 arg1 cells 676:680 mammary epithelial cells 657:680 mammary epithelial cells (MEC) 657:686 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 3 77 from cells 537:541 arg1 coordination 469:480 The coordination 465:480 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells 465:541 The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). 26562262 7 78 contain had 1102:1104 arg1 dams 1097:1100 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams 1086:1100 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams 1086:1100 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 7 78 contain had 1102:1104 arg2 changes 1118:1124 only modest changes 1106:1124 only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC 1106:1236 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 0 79 theme Epithelial 94:103 arg1 Expansion 105:113 Epithelial Expansion 94:113 Epithelial Expansion 94:113 XBP1 Regulates the Biosynthetic Capacity of the Mammary Gland During Lactation by Controlling Epithelial Expansion and Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation. 26562262 7 80 from genes 1216:1220 arg1 MEC 1234:1236 isolated MEC 1225:1236 isolated MEC 1225:1236 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 8 81 theme dilated 1279:1285 arg1 alveoli 1287:1293 dilated alveoli 1279:1293 dilated alveoli 1279:1293 By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1(MEC) glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. 26562262 4 82 theme XBP1 707:710 arg1 mice 719:722 floxed XBP1 female mice 700:722 floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)) 700:849 To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1(MEC)). 26562262 7 83 theme milk 1129:1132 arg1 composition 1134:1144 milk composition 1129:1144 milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) 1129:1178 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 8 84 theme ΔXBP1 1304:1308 arg1 glands 1315:1320 ΔXBP1(MEC) glands 1304:1320 ΔXBP1(MEC) glands 1304:1320 By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1(MEC) glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. 26562262 2 85 theme own 379:381 arg1 weight 383:388 its own weight 375:388 its own weight in milk proteins, triglycerides and lactose 375:432 This feature is illustrated by the mouse, which can secrete nearly twice its own weight in milk proteins, triglycerides and lactose over a short 20-day lactation. 26562262 0 86 theme Biosynthetic 19:30 arg1 Capacity 32:39 the Biosynthetic Capacity 15:39 the Biosynthetic Capacity of the Mammary Gland 15:60 XBP1 Regulates the Biosynthetic Capacity of the Mammary Gland During Lactation by Controlling Epithelial Expansion and Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation. 26562262 5 87 theme Pregnant 852:859 arg1 females 872:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females 852:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females 852:878 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. 26562262 10 88 from abundant 1581:1588 arg1 MEC 1599:1601 MEC 1599:1601 MEC 1599:1601 Finally, endoplasmic reticulum ribbons were less abundant in ΔXBP1(MEC) at pregnancy day 18 and failed to increase in abundance by L5. 26562262 10 88 from abundant 1581:1588 arg1 ΔXBP1 1593:1597 ΔXBP1 1593:1597 ΔXBP1(MEC) 1593:1602 Finally, endoplasmic reticulum ribbons were less abundant in ΔXBP1(MEC) at pregnancy day 18 and failed to increase in abundance by L5. 26562262 0 89 theme Mammary 48:54 arg1 Gland 56:60 the Mammary Gland 44:60 the Mammary Gland 44:60 XBP1 Regulates the Biosynthetic Capacity of the Mammary Gland During Lactation by Controlling Epithelial Expansion and Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation. 26562262 2 90 theme 20-day 447:452 arg1 lactation 454:462 a short 20-day lactation 439:462 a short 20-day lactation 439:462 This feature is illustrated by the mouse, which can secrete nearly twice its own weight in milk proteins, triglycerides and lactose over a short 20-day lactation. 26562262 8 91 theme fewer 1332:1336 arg1 alveoli 1355:1361 fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli 1332:1361 fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli 1332:1361 By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1(MEC) glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. 26562262 10 92 theme reticulum 1553:1561 arg1 ribbons 1563:1569 endoplasmic reticulum ribbons 1541:1569 endoplasmic reticulum ribbons 1541:1569 Finally, endoplasmic reticulum ribbons were less abundant in ΔXBP1(MEC) at pregnancy day 18 and failed to increase in abundance by L5. 26562262 7 93 theme ΔXBP1 1086:1090 arg1 dams 1097:1100 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams 1086:1100 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams 1086:1100 ΔXBP1(MEC) dams had only modest changes in milk composition (-21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. 26562262 10 94 theme pregnancy 1607:1615 arg1 day 1617:1619 pregnancy day 18 1607:1622 pregnancy day 18 1607:1622 Finally, endoplasmic reticulum ribbons were less abundant in ΔXBP1(MEC) at pregnancy day 18 and failed to increase in abundance by L5. 26562262 5 95 theme normal 900:905 arg1 development 915:925 morphologically normal mammary development 884:925 morphologically normal mammary development 884:925 Pregnant ΔXBP1(MEC) females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. 26955741 7 0 theme NCG 1464:1466 arg1 structure 1447:1455 the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure 1396:1455 the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG 1396:1466 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 9 1 theme percolation 1785:1795 arg1 model 1797:1801 The modified percolation model 1772:1801 The modified percolation model 1772:1801 The modified percolation model agreed well with the mechanical properties of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 3 2 theme ε-CL 761:764 arg1 monomers 767:774 L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers 725:774 monomers 767:774 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 6 3 theme LLA/ε-CL 1248:1255 arg1 ratio 1239:1243 the molar ratio 1229:1243 the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL 1229:1255 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites could be altered by varying the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL and was affected by the volume fraction of NCG. 26955741 1 4 theme neat 316:319 arg1 polymers 321:328 the neat polymers 312:328 the neat polymers 312:328 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters is a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites. 26955741 7 5 theme network 1439:1445 arg1 structure 1447:1455 the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure 1396:1455 the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG 1396:1466 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 8 6 dep P 1758:1758 arg1 the 1744:1746 the 1744:1746 the 1744:1746 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 8 6 dep P 1758:1758 arg1 Tg 1748:1749 Tg 1748:1749 Tg 1748:1749 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 3 7 from LLA 736:738 arg1 NCG 783:785 the NCG 779:785 the NCG 779:785 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 3 8 theme NCG/poly 609:616 arg1 fabrication 594:604 the fabrication 590:604 the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) 590:661 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 1 9 theme convenient 200:209 arg1 approach 211:218 a convenient approach 198:218 a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites 198:355 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters is a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites. 26955741 1 9 theme convenient 200:209 arg1 Incorporation 140:152 Incorporation 140:152 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters 140:193 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters is a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites. 26955741 7 10 theme nanofibrillar 1415:1427 arg1 structure 1447:1455 the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure 1396:1455 the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG 1396:1466 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 9 11 theme mechanical 1824:1833 arg1 properties 1835:1844 the mechanical properties 1820:1844 the mechanical properties of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1820:1883 The modified percolation model agreed well with the mechanical properties of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 3 12 from NCG 783:785 arg1 polymerization 707:720 in situ ring-opening polymerization 686:720 in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG 686:785 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 2 13 theme cellulose 369:377 arg1 nanomaterials 481:493 alternative reinforcement nanomaterials 455:493 alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties 455:542 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 2 13 theme cellulose 369:377 arg1 NCG 385:387 NCG 385:387 NCG 385:387 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 2 13 theme cellulose 369:377 arg1 gels 379:382 Nanoporous cellulose gels 358:382 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions 358:442 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 8 14 theme P 1675:1675 arg1 nanocomposites 1688:1701 the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1671:1701 the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1671:1701 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 7 15 theme microscopy 1357:1366 arg1 images 1374:1379 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 1305:1379 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 1305:1379 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 8 16 theme LLA-co-CL 1677:1685 arg1 nanocomposites 1688:1701 the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1671:1701 the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1671:1701 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 1 17 theme new 230:232 arg1 nanomaterials 234:246 new nanomaterials 230:246 new nanomaterials 230:246 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters is a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites. 26955741 7 18 theme scanning 1339:1346 arg1 SEM 1369:1371 SEM 1369:1371 SEM 1369:1371 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 7 18 theme scanning 1339:1346 arg1 microscopy 1357:1366 scanning electron microscopy 1339:1366 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1339:1372 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 9 19 theme NCG/P 1853:1857 arg1 nanocomposites 1870:1883 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1849:1883 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1849:1883 The modified percolation model agreed well with the mechanical properties of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 8 20 theme nanocomposites 1688:1701 arg1 E 1664:1664 E' 1664:1665 E' 1664:1665 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 8 20 theme nanocomposites 1688:1701 arg1 modulus 1655:1661 the tensile storage modulus 1635:1661 the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1635:1701 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 11 21 theme tissue 2163:2168 arg1 repair 2182:2187 tissue engineering repair 2163:2187 tissue engineering repair 2163:2187 Moreover, the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites have tunable biodegradability and biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering repair, biomedical implants, and packing. 26955741 11 22 theme biomedical 2190:2199 arg1 implants 2201:2208 biomedical implants 2190:2208 biomedical implants 2190:2208 Moreover, the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites have tunable biodegradability and biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering repair, biomedical implants, and packing. 26955741 9 23 theme LLA-co-CL 1859:1867 arg1 nanocomposites 1870:1883 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1849:1883 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1849:1883 The modified percolation model agreed well with the mechanical properties of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 6 24 theme volume 1281:1286 arg1 fraction 1288:1295 the volume fraction 1277:1295 the volume fraction of NCG 1277:1302 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites could be altered by varying the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL and was affected by the volume fraction of NCG. 26955741 9 25 theme nanocomposites 1870:1883 arg1 properties 1835:1844 the mechanical properties 1820:1844 the mechanical properties of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1820:1883 The modified percolation model agreed well with the mechanical properties of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 10 26 theme P 1919:1919 arg1 matrix 1932:1937 the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix 1915:1937 the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix 1915:1937 The introduction of NCG into the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 1 27 theme nanofillers 157:167 arg1 approach 211:218 a convenient approach 198:218 a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites 198:355 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters is a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites. 26955741 1 27 theme nanofillers 157:167 arg1 Incorporation 140:152 Incorporation 140:152 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters 140:193 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters is a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites. 26955741 7 28 theme force 1312:1316 arg1 AFM 1330:1332 AFM 1330:1332 AFM 1330:1332 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 7 28 theme force 1312:1316 arg1 microscopy 1318:1327 Atomic force microscopy 1305:1327 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1305:1333 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 0 29 theme Cellulose 76:84 arg1 Gels 86:89 Nanoporous Cellulose Gels 65:89 Nanoporous Cellulose Gels 65:89 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 26955741 5 30 theme nanofibrils 1111:1121 arg1 surface 1086:1092 the surface 1082:1092 the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils 1082:1121 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 1 31 theme aliphatic 174:182 arg1 polyesters 184:193 aliphatic polyesters 174:193 aliphatic polyesters 174:193 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters is a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites. 26955741 11 32 theme tunable 2087:2093 arg1 biodegradability 2095:2110 tunable biodegradability 2087:2110 tunable biodegradability 2087:2110 Moreover, the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites have tunable biodegradability and biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering repair, biomedical implants, and packing. 26955741 0 33 from Properties 22:31 arg1 Gels 86:89 Nanoporous Cellulose Gels 65:89 Nanoporous Cellulose Gels 65:89 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 26955741 4 34 from nanocomposites 826:839 arg1 fraction 799:806 The volume fraction 788:806 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites 788:839 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites was tunable and ranged from 4.5% to 37%. 26955741 4 34 from nanocomposites 826:839 arg1 tunable 845:851 tunable 845:851 tunable 845:851 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites was tunable and ranged from 4.5% to 37%. 26955741 10 35 theme LLA-co-CL 1921:1929 arg1 matrix 1932:1937 the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix 1915:1937 the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix 1915:1937 The introduction of NCG into the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 6 36 theme NCG/P 1169:1173 arg1 nanocomposites 1186:1199 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1165:1199 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1165:1199 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites could be altered by varying the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL and was affected by the volume fraction of NCG. 26955741 7 37 theme LLA-co-CL 1514:1522 arg1 matrix 1525:1530 the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix 1508:1530 the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix 1508:1530 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 7 38 theme Atomic 1305:1310 arg1 AFM 1330:1332 AFM 1330:1332 AFM 1330:1332 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 7 38 theme Atomic 1305:1310 arg1 microscopy 1318:1327 Atomic force microscopy 1305:1327 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1305:1333 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 2 39 theme mechanical 522:531 arg1 properties 533:542 improved mechanical properties 513:542 improved mechanical properties 513:542 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 3 40 from polymerization 707:720 arg1 NCG 783:785 the NCG 779:785 the NCG 779:785 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 0 41 theme Reinforced 0:9 arg1 Properties 22:31 Reinforced Mechanical Properties 0:31 Reinforced Mechanical Properties 0:31 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 26955741 4 42 from fraction 799:806 arg1 nanocomposites 826:839 the nanocomposites 822:839 the nanocomposites 822:839 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites was tunable and ranged from 4.5% to 37%. 26955741 5 43 theme differential 947:958 arg1 DSC 982:984 DSC 982:984 DSC 982:984 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 5 43 theme differential 947:958 arg1 calorimetry 969:979 differential scanning calorimetry 947:979 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 947:985 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 1 44 theme conventional 333:344 arg1 composites 346:355 conventional composites 333:355 conventional composites 333:355 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters is a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites. 26955741 3 45 theme LLA 736:738 arg1 polymerization 707:720 in situ ring-opening polymerization 686:720 in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG 686:785 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 2 46 theme reinforcement 467:479 arg1 nanomaterials 481:493 alternative reinforcement nanomaterials 455:493 alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties 455:542 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 2 46 theme reinforcement 467:479 arg1 gels 379:382 Nanoporous cellulose gels 358:382 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions 358:442 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 0 47 theme Tunable 37:43 arg1 Biodegradability 45:60 Tunable Biodegradability 37:60 Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels 37:89 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 26955741 3 48 theme L-lactide 725:733 arg1 LLA 736:738 L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers 725:774 LLA 736:738 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 5 49 dep transform 890:898 arg1 infrared 900:907 infrared 900:907 transform infrared 890:907 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 6 50 theme LLA-co-CL 1175:1183 arg1 nanocomposites 1186:1199 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1165:1199 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1165:1199 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites could be altered by varying the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL and was affected by the volume fraction of NCG. 26955741 8 51 theme remarkable 1607:1616 arg1 reinforcement 1618:1630 remarkable reinforcement 1607:1630 remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1607:1701 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 0 52 dep Properties 22:31 arg1 Nanocomposites 124:137 Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites 92:137 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 0:138 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 26955741 8 53 theme dynamic 1558:1564 arg1 analysis 1577:1584 The dynamic mechanical analysis 1554:1584 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results 1554:1598 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 8 53 theme dynamic 1558:1564 arg1 DMA 1587:1589 DMA 1587:1589 DMA 1587:1589 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 2 54 theme hydroxide/urea 419:432 arg1 solutions 434:442 aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions 404:442 aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions 404:442 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 1 55 theme mechanical 278:287 arg1 properties 289:298 significantly reinforced mechanical properties 253:298 significantly reinforced mechanical properties 253:298 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters is a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites. 26955741 9 56 theme modified 1776:1783 arg1 model 1797:1801 The modified percolation model 1772:1801 The modified percolation model 1772:1801 The modified percolation model agreed well with the mechanical properties of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 8 57 theme analysis 1577:1584 arg1 results 1592:1598 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results 1554:1598 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results 1554:1598 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 2 58 theme aqueous 404:410 arg1 solutions 434:442 aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions 404:442 aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions 404:442 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 8 59 theme tensile 1639:1645 arg1 E 1664:1664 E' 1664:1665 E' 1664:1665 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 8 59 theme tensile 1639:1645 arg1 modulus 1655:1661 the tensile storage modulus 1635:1661 the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1635:1701 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 10 60 theme thermal 1978:1984 arg1 stability 1986:1994 thermal stability 1978:1994 thermal stability 1978:1994 The introduction of NCG into the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 11 61 contain have 2082:2085 arg2 biocompatibility 2116:2131 biocompatibility 2116:2131 biocompatibility 2116:2131 Moreover, the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites have tunable biodegradability and biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering repair, biomedical implants, and packing. 26955741 11 61 contain have 2082:2085 arg2 applications 2147:2158 potential applications 2137:2158 potential applications 2137:2158 Moreover, the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites have tunable biodegradability and biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering repair, biomedical implants, and packing. 26955741 11 61 contain have 2082:2085 arg1 nanocomposites 2067:2080 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 2046:2080 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 2046:2080 Moreover, the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites have tunable biodegradability and biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering repair, biomedical implants, and packing. 26955741 11 61 contain have 2082:2085 arg2 biodegradability 2095:2110 tunable biodegradability 2087:2110 tunable biodegradability 2087:2110 Moreover, the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites have tunable biodegradability and biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering repair, biomedical implants, and packing. 26955741 8 62 theme modulus 1655:1661 arg1 reinforcement 1618:1630 remarkable reinforcement 1607:1630 remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1607:1701 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 7 63 theme cellulose 1429:1437 arg1 structure 1447:1455 the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure 1396:1455 the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG 1396:1466 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 11 64 theme NCG/P 2050:2054 arg1 nanocomposites 2067:2080 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 2046:2080 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 2046:2080 Moreover, the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites have tunable biodegradability and biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering repair, biomedical implants, and packing. 26955741 5 65 theme X-ray 918:922 arg1 XRD 937:939 XRD 937:939 XRD 937:939 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 5 65 theme X-ray 918:922 arg1 diffraction 924:934 X-ray diffraction 918:934 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 918:940 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 10 66 theme LLA-co-CL 2009:2017 arg1 nanocomposites 2020:2033 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1999:2033 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1999:2033 The introduction of NCG into the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 11 67 theme engineering 2170:2180 arg1 repair 2182:2187 tissue engineering repair 2163:2187 tissue engineering repair 2163:2187 Moreover, the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites have tunable biodegradability and biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering repair, biomedical implants, and packing. 26955741 7 68 theme interconnected 1400:1413 arg1 structure 1447:1455 the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure 1396:1455 the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG 1396:1466 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 10 69 theme NCG/P 2003:2007 arg1 nanocomposites 2020:2033 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1999:2033 the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1999:2033 The introduction of NCG into the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 6 70 theme molar 1233:1237 arg1 ratio 1239:1243 the molar ratio 1229:1243 the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL 1229:1255 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites could be altered by varying the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL and was affected by the volume fraction of NCG. 26955741 2 71 theme Nanoporous 358:367 arg1 nanomaterials 481:493 alternative reinforcement nanomaterials 455:493 alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties 455:542 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 2 71 theme Nanoporous 358:367 arg1 NCG 385:387 NCG 385:387 NCG 385:387 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 2 71 theme Nanoporous 358:367 arg1 gels 379:382 Nanoporous cellulose gels 358:382 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions 358:442 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 3 72 dep in 686:687 arg1 situ 689:692 situ 689:692 situ 689:692 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 10 73 theme nanocomposites 2020:2033 arg1 properties 1963:1972 the mechanical properties 1948:1972 the mechanical properties 1948:1972 The introduction of NCG into the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 10 73 theme nanocomposites 2020:2033 arg1 stability 1986:1994 thermal stability 1978:1994 thermal stability 1978:1994 The introduction of NCG into the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 6 74 theme NCG 1300:1302 arg1 fraction 1288:1295 the volume fraction 1277:1295 the volume fraction of NCG 1277:1302 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites could be altered by varying the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL and was affected by the volume fraction of NCG. 26955741 7 75 theme electron 1348:1355 arg1 SEM 1369:1371 SEM 1369:1371 SEM 1369:1371 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 7 75 theme electron 1348:1355 arg1 microscopy 1357:1366 scanning electron microscopy 1339:1366 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1339:1372 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 3 76 from monomers 767:774 arg1 NCG 783:785 the NCG 779:785 the NCG 779:785 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 2 77 with polymers 499:506 arg1 properties 533:542 improved mechanical properties 513:542 improved mechanical properties 513:542 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 3 78 theme ring-opening 694:705 arg1 polymerization 707:720 in situ ring-opening polymerization 686:720 in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG 686:785 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 6 79 theme nanocomposites 1186:1199 arg1 Tg 1158:1159 Tg 1158:1159 Tg 1158:1159 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites could be altered by varying the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL and was affected by the volume fraction of NCG. 26955741 6 79 theme nanocomposites 1186:1199 arg1 temperature 1145:1155 The glass-transition temperature 1124:1155 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1124:1199 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites could be altered by varying the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL and was affected by the volume fraction of NCG. 26955741 3 80 theme in 686:687 arg1 polymerization 707:720 in situ ring-opening polymerization 686:720 in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG 686:785 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 7 81 theme microscopy 1318:1327 arg1 images 1374:1379 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 1305:1379 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images 1305:1379 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 10 82 theme NCG 1906:1908 arg1 introduction 1890:1901 The introduction 1886:1901 The introduction of NCG into the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix 1886:1937 The introduction of NCG into the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 0 83 theme Poly 92:95 arg1 Nanocomposites 124:137 Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites 92:137 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 0:138 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 26955741 8 84 theme NCG 1722:1724 arg1 presence 1710:1717 the presence 1706:1717 the presence of NCG 1706:1724 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 3 85 dep NCG/P 646:650 arg1 LLA-co-CL 652:660 LLA-co-CL 652:660 LLA-co-CL 652:660 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 4 86 theme NCG 815:817 arg1 fraction 799:806 The volume fraction 788:806 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites 788:839 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites was tunable and ranged from 4.5% to 37%. 26955741 4 86 theme NCG 815:817 arg1 tunable 845:851 tunable 845:851 tunable 845:851 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites was tunable and ranged from 4.5% to 37%. 26955741 4 87 from NCG 815:817 arg1 nanocomposites 826:839 the nanocomposites 822:839 the nanocomposites 822:839 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites was tunable and ranged from 4.5% to 37%. 26955741 11 88 theme potential 2137:2145 arg1 applications 2147:2158 potential applications 2137:2158 potential applications 2137:2158 Moreover, the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites have tunable biodegradability and biocompatibility and potential applications in tissue engineering repair, biomedical implants, and packing. 26955741 0 89 from Biodegradability 45:60 arg1 Gels 86:89 Nanoporous Cellulose Gels 65:89 Nanoporous Cellulose Gels 65:89 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 26955741 0 90 theme Mechanical 11:20 arg1 Properties 22:31 Reinforced Mechanical Properties 0:31 Reinforced Mechanical Properties 0:31 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 26955741 5 91 theme cellulose 1101:1109 arg1 nanofibrils 1111:1121 the cellulose nanofibrils 1097:1121 the cellulose nanofibrils 1097:1121 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 2 92 theme improved 513:520 arg1 properties 533:542 improved mechanical properties 513:542 improved mechanical properties 513:542 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 4 93 theme volume 792:797 arg1 fraction 799:806 The volume fraction 788:806 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites 788:839 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites was tunable and ranged from 4.5% to 37%. 26955741 4 93 theme volume 792:797 arg1 tunable 845:851 tunable 845:851 tunable 845:851 The volume fraction of the NCG in the nanocomposites was tunable and ranged from 4.5% to 37%. 26955741 5 94 theme scanning 960:967 arg1 DSC 982:984 DSC 982:984 DSC 982:984 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 5 94 theme scanning 960:967 arg1 calorimetry 969:979 differential scanning calorimetry 947:979 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 947:985 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 7 95 theme P 1512:1512 arg1 matrix 1525:1530 the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix 1508:1530 the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix 1508:1530 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed that the interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose network structure of the NCG was finely distributed and preserved in the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix after polymerization. 26955741 2 96 theme alternative 455:465 arg1 nanomaterials 481:493 alternative reinforcement nanomaterials 455:493 alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties 455:542 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 2 96 theme alternative 455:465 arg1 gels 379:382 Nanoporous cellulose gels 358:382 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions 358:442 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 0 97 theme Nanoporous 65:74 arg1 Gels 86:89 Nanoporous Cellulose Gels 65:89 Nanoporous Cellulose Gels 65:89 Reinforced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Biodegradability in Nanoporous Cellulose Gels: Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. 26955741 6 98 theme glass-transition 1128:1143 arg1 Tg 1158:1159 Tg 1158:1159 Tg 1158:1159 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites could be altered by varying the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL and was affected by the volume fraction of NCG. 26955741 6 98 theme glass-transition 1128:1143 arg1 temperature 1145:1155 The glass-transition temperature 1124:1155 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1124:1199 The glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites could be altered by varying the molar ratio of LLA/ε-CL and was affected by the volume fraction of NCG. 26955741 3 99 theme ε-caprolactone 745:758 arg1 monomers 767:774 L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers 725:774 monomers 767:774 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 3 100 theme versatile 568:576 arg1 process 578:584 a simple and versatile process 555:584 a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG 555:785 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 10 101 theme mechanical 1952:1961 arg1 properties 1963:1972 the mechanical properties 1948:1972 the mechanical properties 1948:1972 The introduction of NCG into the P(LLA-co-CL) matrix improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites. 26955741 8 102 theme mechanical 1566:1575 arg1 analysis 1577:1584 The dynamic mechanical analysis 1554:1584 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results 1554:1598 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 8 102 theme mechanical 1566:1575 arg1 DMA 1587:1589 DMA 1587:1589 DMA 1587:1589 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 5 103 dep Fourier 882:888 arg1 transform 890:898 transform 890:898 transform infrared 890:907 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 5 103 dep Fourier 882:888 arg1 results 987:993 results 987:993 results 987:993 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that P(LLA-co-CL) were synthesized within the NCG and partially grafted onto the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils. 26955741 3 104 theme simple 557:562 arg1 process 578:584 a simple and versatile process 555:584 a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG 555:785 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 1 105 theme reinforced 267:276 arg1 properties 289:298 significantly reinforced mechanical properties 253:298 significantly reinforced mechanical properties 253:298 Incorporation of nanofillers into aliphatic polyesters is a convenient approach to create new nanomaterials with significantly reinforced mechanical properties compared to the neat polymers or conventional composites. 26955741 3 106 theme monomers 767:774 arg1 polymerization 707:720 in situ ring-opening polymerization 686:720 in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG 686:785 We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (NCG/P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites through in situ ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) monomers in the NCG. 26955741 2 107 theme alkali 412:417 arg1 solutions 434:442 aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions 404:442 aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions 404:442 Nanoporous cellulose gels (NCG) prepared from aqueous alkali hydroxide/urea solutions can act as alternative reinforcement nanomaterials for polymers with improved mechanical properties. 26955741 8 108 theme storage 1647:1653 arg1 E 1664:1664 E' 1664:1665 E' 1664:1665 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 26955741 8 108 theme storage 1647:1653 arg1 modulus 1655:1661 the tensile storage modulus 1635:1661 the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites 1635:1701 The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed remarkable reinforcement of the tensile storage modulus (E') of the P(LLA-co-CL) nanocomposites in the presence of NCG, especially above the Tg of the P(LLA-co-CL). 25133269 5 0 theme tensile 926:932 arg1 test 943:946 the tensile strength test 922:946 the tensile strength test 922:946 For the tensile strength test, samples were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slices and submitted to a constant load of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. 25133269 5 1 theme mm/min 1035:1040 arg1 load 1023:1026 a constant load 1012:1026 a constant load of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine 1012:1071 For the tensile strength test, samples were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slices and submitted to a constant load of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. 25133269 4 2 theme broth 733:737 arg1 medium 739:744 BHI broth medium 729:744 BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms 729:796 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 4 3 theme control 699:705 arg1 groups 707:712 the control groups 695:712 the control groups 695:712 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 11 4 theme failure 1746:1752 arg1 modes 1754:1758 failure modes 1746:1758 failure modes 1746:1758 CONCLUSION The experimental conditions influenced tensile properties and failure modes of different adhesive interfaces; however, they did not influence microleakage. 25133269 11 5 dep CONCLUSION 1673:1682 arg1 conditions 1701:1710 The experimental conditions 1684:1710 CONCLUSION The experimental conditions 1673:1710 CONCLUSION The experimental conditions influenced tensile properties and failure modes of different adhesive interfaces; however, they did not influence microleakage. 25133269 1 6 theme Streptococcus 288:300 arg1 model 309:313 a Streptococcus mutans model 286:313 a Streptococcus mutans model 286:313 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the number of adhesive layers influences the adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model. 25133269 6 7 theme Fractured 1074:1082 arg1 surfaces 1084:1091 Fractured surfaces 1074:1091 Fractured surfaces 1074:1091 Fractured surfaces were analyzed and characterized as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. 25133269 1 8 theme adhesive 181:188 arg1 layers 190:195 adhesive layers 181:195 adhesive layers 181:195 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the number of adhesive layers influences the adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model. 25133269 11 9 theme adhesive 1773:1780 arg1 interfaces 1782:1791 different adhesive interfaces 1763:1791 different adhesive interfaces 1763:1791 CONCLUSION The experimental conditions influenced tensile properties and failure modes of different adhesive interfaces; however, they did not influence microleakage. 25133269 2 10 theme = 494:494 arg1 n 492:492 n = 30 492:497 n = 30 492:497 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 2 10 theme = 494:494 arg1 testing 483:489 tensile bond strength testing 461:489 tensile bond strength testing (n = 30) 461:498 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 0 11 from properties 65:74 arg1 number 17:22 the number 13:22 the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans 13:128 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 25133269 11 12 theme experimental 1688:1699 arg1 conditions 1701:1710 The experimental conditions 1684:1710 CONCLUSION The experimental conditions 1673:1710 CONCLUSION The experimental conditions influenced tensile properties and failure modes of different adhesive interfaces; however, they did not influence microleakage. 25133269 1 13 theme adhesive 212:219 arg1 properties 231:240 the adhesive interface properties 208:240 the adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model 208:313 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the number of adhesive layers influences the adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model. 25133269 7 14 theme silver 1199:1204 arg1 solution 1214:1221 silver nitrate solution 1199:1221 silver nitrate solution 1199:1221 The microleakage test was performed with silver nitrate solution. 25133269 9 15 theme adhesive 1430:1437 arg1 frequent 1470:1477 frequent 1470:1477 frequent 1470:1477 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 9 15 theme adhesive 1430:1437 arg1 mode 1447:1450 The adhesive failure mode 1426:1450 The adhesive failure mode 1426:1450 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 4 16 theme 2 764:764 arg1 % 765:765 % 765:765 % 765:765 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 2 17 theme tensile 461:467 arg1 n 492:492 n = 30 492:497 n = 30 492:497 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 2 17 theme tensile 461:467 arg1 testing 483:489 tensile bond strength testing 461:489 tensile bond strength testing (n = 30) 461:498 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 9 18 dep one- 1486:1489 arg1 % 1494:1494 60% 1492:1494 60% 1492:1494 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 9 18 dep one- 1486:1489 arg1 % 1516:1516 80% 1514:1516 80% 1514:1516 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 10 19 theme other 1555:1559 arg1 hand 1561:1564 the other hand 1551:1564 the other hand 1551:1564 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 8 20 dep RESULTS 1224:1230 arg1 revealed 1273:1280 revealed 1273:1280 revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test) 1273:1423 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 0 21 theme cariogenic 82:91 arg1 challenge 93:101 cariogenic challenge 82:101 cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans 82:128 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 25133269 5 22 theme strength 934:941 arg1 test 943:946 the tensile strength test 922:946 the tensile strength test 922:946 For the tensile strength test, samples were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slices and submitted to a constant load of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. 25133269 2 23 theme strength 474:481 arg1 n 492:492 n = 30 492:497 n = 30 492:497 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 2 23 theme strength 474:481 arg1 testing 483:489 tensile bond strength testing 461:489 tensile bond strength testing (n = 30) 461:498 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 0 24 from layers 36:41 arg1 properties 65:74 adhesive interface properties 46:74 adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans 46:128 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 25133269 7 25 theme microleakage 1162:1173 arg1 test 1175:1178 The microleakage test 1158:1178 The microleakage test 1158:1178 The microleakage test was performed with silver nitrate solution. 25133269 2 26 theme microleakage 427:438 arg1 n 449:449 n = 60 449:454 n = 60 449:454 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 2 26 theme microleakage 427:438 arg1 testing 440:446 microleakage testing 427:446 microleakage testing (n = 60) 427:455 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 8 27 theme three-layer 1356:1366 arg1 groups 1382:1387 the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups 1329:1387 the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test) 1329:1423 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 8 28 dep one- 1333:1336 arg1 ± 1345:1345 18.59 ± 5.3 1339:1349 18.59 ± 5.3 1339:1349 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 2 29 theme = 451:451 arg1 n 449:449 n = 60 449:454 n = 60 449:454 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 2 29 theme = 451:451 arg1 testing 440:446 microleakage testing 427:446 microleakage testing (n = 60) 427:455 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 0 30 theme adhesive 46:53 arg1 properties 65:74 adhesive interface properties 46:74 adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans 46:128 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 25133269 4 31 theme Type 875:878 arg1 Collection 888:897 American Type Culture Collection 866:897 Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 845:904 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 10 32 dep similar 1637:1643 arg1 Kruskal-Wallis 1646:1659 Kruskal-Wallis 1646:1659 Kruskal-Wallis 1646:1659 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 10 32 dep similar 1637:1643 arg1 similar 1637:1643 similar 1637:1643 similar 1637:1643 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 10 32 dep similar 1637:1643 arg1 levels 1584:1589 the microleakage levels 1567:1589 the microleakage levels of all experimental groups 1567:1616 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 10 33 theme microleakage 1571:1582 arg1 Kruskal-Wallis 1646:1659 Kruskal-Wallis 1646:1659 Kruskal-Wallis 1646:1659 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 10 33 theme microleakage 1571:1582 arg1 similar 1637:1643 similar 1637:1643 similar 1637:1643 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 10 33 theme microleakage 1571:1582 arg1 levels 1584:1589 the microleakage levels 1567:1589 the microleakage levels of all experimental groups 1567:1616 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 2 34 theme = 354:354 arg1 n 352:352 n = 90 352:357 n = 90 352:357 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 2 34 theme = 354:354 arg1 MATERIALS 316:324 MATERIALS 316:324 MATERIALS 316:324 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 0 35 theme layers 36:41 arg1 number 17:22 the number 13:22 the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans 13:128 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 25133269 9 36 theme failure 1439:1445 arg1 frequent 1470:1477 frequent 1470:1477 frequent 1470:1477 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 9 36 theme failure 1439:1445 arg1 mode 1447:1450 The adhesive failure mode 1426:1450 The adhesive failure mode 1426:1450 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 4 37 theme experimental 807:818 arg1 groups 820:825 the experimental groups 803:825 the experimental groups 803:825 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 10 38 dep Kruskal-Wallis 1646:1659 arg1 > 1664:1664 p > 0.05 1662:1669 p > 0.05 1662:1669 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 1 39 theme interface 221:229 arg1 properties 231:240 the adhesive interface properties 208:240 the adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model 208:313 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the number of adhesive layers influences the adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model. 25133269 9 40 theme application 1528:1538 arg1 groups 1540:1545 the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups 1482:1545 the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups 1482:1545 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 3 41 theme layers 595:600 arg1 number 576:581 the number 572:581 the number of adhesive layers applied on the dentin 572:622 In each group, the samples were subdivided into subgroups according to the number of adhesive layers applied on the dentin: one (SB1), two (SB2), and three adhesive layers (SB3). 25133269 1 42 theme challenge 259:267 arg1 conditions 269:278 cariogenic challenge conditions 248:278 cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model 248:313 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the number of adhesive layers influences the adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model. 25133269 4 43 dep mutans 859:864 arg1 Collection 888:897 American Type Culture Collection 866:897 Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 845:904 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 2 44 theme Bovine 338:343 arg1 teeth 345:349 Bovine teeth 338:349 Bovine teeth 338:349 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 4 45 theme BHI 729:731 arg1 medium 739:744 BHI broth medium 729:744 BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms 729:796 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 5 46 from load 1023:1026 arg1 machine 1065:1071 a universal testing machine 1045:1071 a universal testing machine 1045:1071 For the tensile strength test, samples were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slices and submitted to a constant load of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. 25133269 9 47 from groups 1540:1545 arg1 frequent 1470:1477 frequent 1470:1477 frequent 1470:1477 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 9 47 from groups 1540:1545 arg1 mode 1447:1450 The adhesive failure mode 1426:1450 The adhesive failure mode 1426:1450 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 10 48 theme p 1662:1662 arg1 > 1664:1664 p > 0.05 1662:1669 p > 0.05 1662:1669 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 11 49 theme interfaces 1782:1791 arg1 modes 1754:1758 failure modes 1746:1758 failure modes 1746:1758 CONCLUSION The experimental conditions influenced tensile properties and failure modes of different adhesive interfaces; however, they did not influence microleakage. 25133269 11 49 theme interfaces 1782:1791 arg1 properties 1731:1740 tensile properties 1723:1740 tensile properties 1723:1740 CONCLUSION The experimental conditions influenced tensile properties and failure modes of different adhesive interfaces; however, they did not influence microleakage. 25133269 4 50 theme groups 707:712 arg1 samples 684:690 The samples 680:690 The samples of the control groups 680:712 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 11 51 theme different 1763:1771 arg1 interfaces 1782:1791 different adhesive interfaces 1763:1791 different adhesive interfaces 1763:1791 CONCLUSION The experimental conditions influenced tensile properties and failure modes of different adhesive interfaces; however, they did not influence microleakage. 25133269 1 52 theme layers 190:195 arg1 number 171:176 the number 167:176 the number of adhesive layers 167:195 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the number of adhesive layers influences the adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model. 25133269 4 53 theme % 765:765 arg1 sucrose 767:773 2% sucrose 764:773 2% sucrose without microorganisms 764:796 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 8 54 dep p 1390:1390 arg1 ANOVA 1401:1405 ANOVA 1401:1405 ANOVA 1401:1405 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 8 54 dep p 1390:1390 arg1 test 1419:1422 Tukey's test 1411:1422 Tukey's test 1411:1422 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 9 55 theme one- 1486:1489 arg1 groups 1540:1545 the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups 1482:1545 the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups 1482:1545 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 8 56 theme significant 1298:1308 arg1 difference 1310:1319 a statistically significant difference 1282:1319 a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test) 1282:1423 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 3 57 theme adhesive 657:664 arg1 SB3 674:676 SB3 674:676 SB3 674:676 In each group, the samples were subdivided into subgroups according to the number of adhesive layers applied on the dentin: one (SB1), two (SB2), and three adhesive layers (SB3). 25133269 3 57 theme adhesive 657:664 arg1 layers 666:671 three adhesive layers 651:671 three adhesive layers (SB3) 651:677 In each group, the samples were subdivided into subgroups according to the number of adhesive layers applied on the dentin: one (SB1), two (SB2), and three adhesive layers (SB3). 25133269 8 58 dep groups 1382:1387 arg1 p 1390:1390 p < 0.001 1390:1398 p < 0.001 1390:1398 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 7 59 theme nitrate 1206:1212 arg1 solution 1214:1221 silver nitrate solution 1199:1221 silver nitrate solution 1199:1221 The microleakage test was performed with silver nitrate solution. 25133269 2 60 dep MATERIALS 316:324 arg1 teeth 345:349 Bovine teeth 338:349 Bovine teeth 338:349 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 11 61 theme tensile 1723:1729 arg1 properties 1731:1740 tensile properties 1723:1740 tensile properties 1723:1740 CONCLUSION The experimental conditions influenced tensile properties and failure modes of different adhesive interfaces; however, they did not influence microleakage. 25133269 8 62 theme one- 1333:1336 arg1 groups 1382:1387 the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups 1329:1387 the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test) 1329:1423 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 0 63 theme interface 55:63 arg1 properties 65:74 adhesive interface properties 46:74 adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans 46:128 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 25133269 9 64 theme three-layer 1501:1511 arg1 groups 1540:1545 the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups 1482:1545 the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups 1482:1545 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 0 65 from number 17:22 arg1 properties 65:74 adhesive interface properties 46:74 adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans 46:128 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 25133269 5 66 theme universal 1047:1055 arg1 machine 1065:1071 a universal testing machine 1045:1071 a universal testing machine 1045:1071 For the tensile strength test, samples were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slices and submitted to a constant load of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. 25133269 1 67 dep Streptococcus 288:300 arg1 mutans 302:307 mutans 302:307 mutans 302:307 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the number of adhesive layers influences the adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model. 25133269 3 68 theme adhesive 586:593 arg1 layers 595:600 adhesive layers 586:600 adhesive layers applied on the dentin 586:622 In each group, the samples were subdivided into subgroups according to the number of adhesive layers applied on the dentin: one (SB1), two (SB2), and three adhesive layers (SB3). 25133269 5 69 theme 1-mm-thick 977:986 arg1 slices 988:993 1-mm-thick slices 977:993 1-mm-thick slices 977:993 For the tensile strength test, samples were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slices and submitted to a constant load of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. 25133269 9 70 from frequent 1470:1477 arg1 groups 1540:1545 the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups 1482:1545 the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups 1482:1545 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 0 71 theme streptococcus 109:121 arg1 mutans 123:128 streptococcus mutans 109:128 streptococcus mutans 109:128 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 25133269 2 72 theme bond 469:472 arg1 n 492:492 n = 30 492:497 n = 30 492:497 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 2 72 theme bond 469:472 arg1 testing 483:489 tensile bond strength testing 461:489 tensile bond strength testing (n = 30) 461:498 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 5 73 theme testing 1057:1063 arg1 machine 1065:1071 a universal testing machine 1045:1071 a universal testing machine 1045:1071 For the tensile strength test, samples were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slices and submitted to a constant load of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. 25133269 9 74 theme adhesive 1519:1526 arg1 groups 1540:1545 the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups 1482:1545 the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups 1482:1545 The adhesive failure mode was slightly more frequent in the one- (60%) and three-layer (80%) adhesive application groups. 25133269 4 75 theme Culture 880:886 arg1 Collection 888:897 American Type Culture Collection 866:897 Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 845:904 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 10 76 theme experimental 1598:1609 arg1 groups 1611:1616 all experimental groups 1594:1616 all experimental groups 1594:1616 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 0 77 theme number 17:22 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 0:129 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 25133269 5 78 theme constant 1014:1021 arg1 load 1023:1026 a constant load 1012:1026 a constant load of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine 1012:1071 For the tensile strength test, samples were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slices and submitted to a constant load of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. 25133269 0 79 theme adhesive 27:34 arg1 layers 36:41 adhesive layers 27:41 adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans 27:128 Influence of the number of adhesive layers on adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge using streptococcus mutans. 25133269 2 80 theme mm 392:393 arg1 blocks 380:385 blocks 380:385 blocks of 5 mm 380:393 MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine teeth (n = 90) were sectioned into blocks of 5 mm and divided into two groups for microleakage testing (n = 60) and tensile bond strength testing (n = 30). 25133269 4 81 theme American 866:873 arg1 Collection 888:897 American Type Culture Collection 866:897 Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 845:904 The samples of the control groups were placed in BHI broth medium supplemented with 2% sucrose without microorganisms, and the experimental groups were submitted to Streptococcus mutans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for 5 days. 25133269 8 82 theme < 1392:1392 arg1 p 1390:1390 p < 0.001 1390:1398 p < 0.001 1390:1398 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 8 83 theme experimental 1235:1246 arg1 groups 1248:1253 experimental groups 1235:1253 experimental groups 1235:1253 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 10 84 theme groups 1611:1616 arg1 Kruskal-Wallis 1646:1659 Kruskal-Wallis 1646:1659 Kruskal-Wallis 1646:1659 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 10 84 theme groups 1611:1616 arg1 similar 1637:1643 similar 1637:1643 similar 1637:1643 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 10 84 theme groups 1611:1616 arg1 levels 1584:1589 the microleakage levels 1567:1589 the microleakage levels of all experimental groups 1567:1616 On the other hand, the microleakage levels of all experimental groups were statistically similar (Kruskal-Wallis; p > 0.05). 25133269 8 85 dep three-layer 1356:1366 arg1 ± 1375:1375 11.28 ± 5.0 1369:1379 11.28 ± 5.0 1369:1379 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 8 86 theme tensile 1260:1266 arg1 test 1268:1271 the tensile test 1256:1271 the tensile test 1256:1271 RESULTS In experimental groups, the tensile test revealed a statistically significant difference between the one- (18.59 ± 5.3) and three-layer (11.28 ± 5.0) groups (p < 0.001; ANOVA and Tukey's test). 25133269 1 87 theme cariogenic 248:257 arg1 conditions 269:278 cariogenic challenge conditions 248:278 cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model 248:313 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the number of adhesive layers influences the adhesive interface properties under cariogenic challenge conditions using a Streptococcus mutans model. 27642129 0 0 theme fluoride 89:96 arg1 nanocomposites 98:111 fluoride nanocomposites 89:111 fluoride nanocomposites 89:111 Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticles - fluoride nanocomposites. 27642129 6 1 theme decreasing 1204:1213 arg1 phase 1219:1223 a decreasing log phase 1202:1223 a decreasing log phase 1202:1223 The influence on the growth of microorganisms was evaluated using a fluorescence assay, and showed an increasing lag phase and a decreasing log phase. 27642129 2 2 theme silver 379:384 arg1 nitrate 386:392 silver nitrate 379:392 silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution 379:421 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. 27642129 9 3 theme murine 1375:1380 arg1 macrophages 1382:1392 murine macrophages 1375:1392 murine macrophages 1375:1392 The S1 and S2 samples inhibited murine macrophages and revealed lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic. 27642129 10 4 theme multiple-drug-resistant 1550:1572 arg1 microorganisms 1574:1587 multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms 1550:1587 multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms 1550:1587 Thus, CChAgNpFNc are potential options for the control of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms and do not represent substantial risks to human health. 27642129 4 5 theme % 826:826 arg1 38.2±14.8nm 839:849 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm 822:849 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm 822:849 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 5 6 theme antimicrobial 907:919 arg1 activity 921:928 antimicrobial activity 907:928 antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans 907:1044 The CChAgNpFNc showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, by microdilution technique. 27642129 6 7 theme microorganisms 1106:1119 arg1 growth 1096:1101 the growth 1092:1101 the growth of microorganisms 1092:1119 The influence on the growth of microorganisms was evaluated using a fluorescence assay, and showed an increasing lag phase and a decreasing log phase. 27642129 4 8 theme triangular 727:736 arg1 % 725:725 15.9% triangular 721:736 15.9% triangular 721:736 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 10 9 theme substantial 1610:1620 arg1 risks 1622:1626 substantial risks 1610:1626 substantial risks to human health 1610:1642 Thus, CChAgNpFNc are potential options for the control of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms and do not represent substantial risks to human health. 27642129 4 10 theme S3- 687:689 arg1 % 695:695 S3- 77.3% spherical 687:705 S3- 77.3% spherical 687:705 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 1 11 theme different 283:291 arg1 shapes 313:318 different silver nanoparticle shapes 283:318 different silver nanoparticle shapes 283:318 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 7 12 theme MTT 1281:1283 arg1 assays 1285:1290 MTT assays 1281:1290 MTT assays 1281:1290 Cytotoxicity was investigated using Artemia salina and MTT assays. 27642129 3 13 theme larger 543:548 arg1 nanoparticles 557:569 larger silver nanoparticles 543:569 larger silver nanoparticles 543:569 Solution of ascorbic acid was added to synthesize larger silver nanoparticles. 27642129 4 14 theme triangular 663:672 arg1 % 661:661 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular 643:672 % 661:661 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 4 15 theme 2.5 658:660 arg1 % 661:661 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular 643:672 % 661:661 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 2 16 theme solid 470:474 arg1 fluoride 483:490 solid sodium fluoride 470:490 solid sodium fluoride 470:490 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. 27642129 3 17 theme silver 550:555 arg1 nanoparticles 557:569 larger silver nanoparticles 543:569 larger silver nanoparticles 543:569 Solution of ascorbic acid was added to synthesize larger silver nanoparticles. 27642129 2 18 theme chitosan 405:412 arg1 solution 414:421 a chitosan solution 403:421 a chitosan solution 403:421 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. 27642129 6 19 theme log 1215:1217 arg1 phase 1219:1223 a decreasing log phase 1202:1223 a decreasing log phase 1202:1223 The influence on the growth of microorganisms was evaluated using a fluorescence assay, and showed an increasing lag phase and a decreasing log phase. 27642129 1 20 dep activity 168:175 arg1 the 150:152 the 150:152 the 150:152 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 1 21 theme colloidal 197:205 arg1 chitosan 207:214 chitosan 207:214 chitosan 207:214 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 2 22 theme solution 457:464 arg1 fluoride 483:490 solid sodium fluoride 470:490 solid sodium fluoride 470:490 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. 27642129 2 22 theme solution 457:464 arg1 nitrate 386:392 silver nitrate 379:392 silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution 379:421 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. 27642129 2 22 theme solution 457:464 arg1 addition 424:431 addition 424:431 addition of a sodium borohydride solution 424:464 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. 27642129 1 23 theme silver 293:298 arg1 shapes 313:318 different silver nanoparticle shapes 283:318 different silver nanoparticle shapes 283:318 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 4 24 theme spherical 798:806 arg1 % 796:796 S4- 75.2% spherical 788:806 S4- 75.2% spherical 788:806 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 8 25 theme low 1325:1327 arg1 cytotoxicity 1329:1340 low cytotoxicity 1325:1340 low cytotoxicity 1325:1340 The S3 and S4 samples exhibited low cytotoxicity. 27642129 7 26 theme Artemia 1262:1268 arg1 salina 1270:1275 Artemia salina 1262:1275 Artemia salina 1262:1275 Cytotoxicity was investigated using Artemia salina and MTT assays. 27642129 1 27 theme chitosan 207:214 arg1 cytotoxicity 181:192 cytotoxicity 181:192 cytotoxicity 181:192 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 1 27 theme chitosan 207:214 arg1 activity 168:175 antimicrobial activity 154:175 antimicrobial activity 154:175 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 2 28 theme borohydride 445:455 arg1 solution 457:464 a sodium borohydride solution 436:464 a sodium borohydride solution 436:464 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. 27642129 1 29 theme nanoparticle 300:311 arg1 shapes 313:318 different silver nanoparticle shapes 283:318 different silver nanoparticle shapes 283:318 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 4 30 theme spherical 632:640 arg1 % 630:630 S2- 97% spherical 624:640 S2- 97% spherical 624:640 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 4 30 theme spherical 632:640 arg1 43.2±14.3nm 809:819 43.2±14.3nm 809:819 43.2±14.3nm 809:819 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 2 31 theme sodium 438:443 arg1 solution 457:464 a sodium borohydride solution 436:464 a sodium borohydride solution 436:464 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. 27642129 4 32 theme S1- 593:595 arg1 % 600:600 S1- 100% spherical 593:610 S1- 100% spherical 593:610 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 6 33 theme fluorescence 1143:1154 arg1 assay 1156:1160 a fluorescence assay 1141:1160 a fluorescence assay 1141:1160 The influence on the growth of microorganisms was evaluated using a fluorescence assay, and showed an increasing lag phase and a decreasing log phase. 27642129 1 34 theme present 118:124 arg1 study 126:130 The present study 114:130 The present study 114:130 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 1 35 theme silver 218:223 arg1 CChAgNpFNc 265:274 CChAgNpFNc 265:274 CChAgNpFNc 265:274 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 1 35 theme silver 218:223 arg1 nanoparticle 225:236 silver nanoparticle 218:236 silver nanoparticle 218:236 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 0 36 theme colloidal 45:53 arg1 chitosan 55:62 chitosan 55:62 chitosan 55:62 Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticles - fluoride nanocomposites. 27642129 4 37 theme 15.0±7.9nm 643:652 arg1 % 661:661 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular 643:672 % 661:661 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 10 38 theme human 1631:1635 arg1 health 1637:1642 human health 1631:1642 human health 1631:1642 Thus, CChAgNpFNc are potential options for the control of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms and do not represent substantial risks to human health. 27642129 1 39 theme nanoparticle 225:236 arg1 cytotoxicity 181:192 cytotoxicity 181:192 cytotoxicity 181:192 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 1 39 theme nanoparticle 225:236 arg1 activity 168:175 antimicrobial activity 154:175 antimicrobial activity 154:175 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 10 40 theme microorganisms 1574:1587 arg1 control 1539:1545 the control 1535:1545 the control of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms 1535:1587 Thus, CChAgNpFNc are potential options for the control of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms and do not represent substantial risks to human health. 27642129 4 41 theme elliptical 861:870 arg1 38.4±11.6nm 872:882 S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm 593:882 S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm 593:882 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 9 42 theme S2 1354:1355 arg1 samples 1357:1363 The S1 and S2 samples 1343:1363 The S1 and S2 samples 1343:1363 The S1 and S2 samples inhibited murine macrophages and revealed lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic. 27642129 2 43 theme sodium 476:481 arg1 fluoride 483:490 solid sodium fluoride 470:490 solid sodium fluoride 470:490 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. 27642129 5 44 theme microdilution 1050:1062 arg1 technique 1064:1072 microdilution technique 1050:1072 microdilution technique 1050:1072 The CChAgNpFNc showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, by microdilution technique. 27642129 4 45 theme S4- 788:790 arg1 % 796:796 S4- 75.2% spherical 788:806 S4- 75.2% spherical 788:806 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 3 46 theme ascorbic 505:512 arg1 acid 514:517 ascorbic acid 505:517 ascorbic acid 505:517 Solution of ascorbic acid was added to synthesize larger silver nanoparticles. 27642129 0 47 theme chitosan 55:62 arg1 cytotoxicity 18:29 cytotoxicity 18:29 cytotoxicity 18:29 Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticles - fluoride nanocomposites. 27642129 0 47 theme chitosan 55:62 arg1 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticles - fluoride nanocomposites. 27642129 4 48 theme triangular 828:837 arg1 38.2±14.8nm 839:849 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm 822:849 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm 822:849 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 10 49 theme potential 1513:1521 arg1 options 1523:1529 potential options 1513:1529 potential options for the control of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms 1513:1587 Thus, CChAgNpFNc are potential options for the control of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms and do not represent substantial risks to human health. 27642129 10 49 theme potential 1513:1521 arg1 CChAgNpFNc 1498:1507 CChAgNpFNc 1498:1507 CChAgNpFNc 1498:1507 Thus, CChAgNpFNc are potential options for the control of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms and do not represent substantial risks to human health. 27642129 6 50 theme lag 1188:1190 arg1 phase 1192:1196 an increasing lag phase 1174:1196 an increasing lag phase 1174:1196 The influence on the growth of microorganisms was evaluated using a fluorescence assay, and showed an increasing lag phase and a decreasing log phase. 27642129 3 51 theme acid 514:517 arg1 Solution 493:500 Solution 493:500 Solution of ascorbic acid 493:517 Solution of ascorbic acid was added to synthesize larger silver nanoparticles. 27642129 4 52 theme elliptical 760:769 arg1 % 758:758 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% 739:758 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical 739:769 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 6 53 theme increasing 1177:1186 arg1 phase 1192:1196 an increasing lag phase 1174:1196 an increasing lag phase 1174:1196 The influence on the growth of microorganisms was evaluated using a fluorescence assay, and showed an increasing lag phase and a decreasing log phase. 27642129 2 54 theme CChAgNpFNc 348:357 arg1 syntheses 335:343 The syntheses 331:343 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc 331:357 The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. 27642129 9 55 theme S1 1347:1348 arg1 samples 1357:1363 The S1 and S2 samples 1343:1363 The S1 and S2 samples 1343:1363 The S1 and S2 samples inhibited murine macrophages and revealed lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic. 27642129 1 56 theme fluoride 240:247 arg1 nanocomposites 249:262 fluoride nanocomposites 240:262 fluoride nanocomposites 240:262 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 8 57 theme S4 1304:1305 arg1 samples 1307:1313 The S3 and S4 samples 1293:1313 The S3 and S4 samples 1293:1313 The S3 and S4 samples exhibited low cytotoxicity. 27642129 4 58 theme spherical 697:705 arg1 % 695:695 S3- 77.3% spherical 687:705 S3- 77.3% spherical 687:705 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 8 59 theme S3 1297:1298 arg1 samples 1307:1313 The S3 and S4 samples 1293:1313 The S3 and S4 samples 1293:1313 The S3 and S4 samples exhibited low cytotoxicity. 27642129 5 60 theme Candida 1029:1035 arg1 albicans 1037:1044 Candida albicans 1029:1044 Candida albicans 1029:1044 The CChAgNpFNc showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, by microdilution technique. 27642129 9 61 theme lethal 1407:1412 arg1 toxic 1485:1489 toxic 1485:1489 toxic 1485:1489 The S1 and S2 samples inhibited murine macrophages and revealed lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic. 27642129 9 61 theme lethal 1407:1412 arg1 concentrations 1419:1432 lethal dose concentrations 1407:1432 lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic 1407:1489 The S1 and S2 samples inhibited murine macrophages and revealed lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic. 27642129 4 62 theme spherical 602:610 arg1 % 600:600 S1- 100% spherical 593:610 S1- 100% spherical 593:610 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 0 63 theme silver 66:71 arg1 cytotoxicity 18:29 cytotoxicity 18:29 cytotoxicity 18:29 Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticles - fluoride nanocomposites. 27642129 0 63 theme silver 66:71 arg1 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticles - fluoride nanocomposites. 27642129 9 64 theme dose 1414:1417 arg1 toxic 1485:1489 toxic 1485:1489 toxic 1485:1489 The S1 and S2 samples inhibited murine macrophages and revealed lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic. 27642129 9 64 theme dose 1414:1417 arg1 concentrations 1419:1432 lethal dose concentrations 1407:1432 lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic 1407:1489 The S1 and S2 samples inhibited murine macrophages and revealed lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic. 27642129 0 65 dep Antimicrobial 0:12 arg1 evaluation 31:40 evaluation 31:40 evaluation 31:40 Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticles - fluoride nanocomposites. 27642129 6 66 from influence 1079:1087 arg1 growth 1096:1101 the growth 1092:1101 the growth of microorganisms 1092:1119 The influence on the growth of microorganisms was evaluated using a fluorescence assay, and showed an increasing lag phase and a decreasing log phase. 27642129 1 67 theme antimicrobial 154:166 arg1 activity 168:175 antimicrobial activity 154:175 antimicrobial activity 154:175 The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. 27642129 4 68 theme S2- 624:626 arg1 % 630:630 S2- 97% spherical 624:640 S2- 97% spherical 624:640 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 27642129 4 68 theme S2- 624:626 arg1 43.2±14.3nm 809:819 43.2±14.3nm 809:819 43.2±14.3nm 809:819 CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. 25666416 2 0 theme 15-day 469:474 arg1 intervals 476:484 15-day intervals 469:484 15-day intervals during 45 storage days 469:507 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 1 1 from content 173:179 arg1 blueberry 237:245 highbush blueberry 228:245 highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) 228:294 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 6 2 theme firmness 1060:1067 arg1 losses 1069:1074 the minimum firmness losses 1048:1074 the minimum firmness losses 1048:1074 In cv O'Neal, no significant differences in total soluble solids content were found, and the chitosan-coated berries showed the minimum firmness losses. 25666416 6 3 theme total 968:972 arg1 content 989:995 total soluble solids content 968:995 total soluble solids content 968:995 In cv O'Neal, no significant differences in total soluble solids content were found, and the chitosan-coated berries showed the minimum firmness losses. 25666416 0 4 theme blueberry 72:80 arg1 storage 61:67 fresh storage 55:67 fresh storage of blueberry 55:80 Anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant capacity after fresh storage of blueberry treated with edible coatings. 25666416 1 5 theme industrial 325:334 arg1 applications 336:347 industrial applications 325:347 industrial applications 325:347 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 1 6 theme total 158:162 arg1 content 173:179 total phenolic content 158:179 total phenolic content 158:179 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 0 7 theme edible 95:100 arg1 coatings 102:109 edible coatings 95:109 edible coatings 95:109 Anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant capacity after fresh storage of blueberry treated with edible coatings. 25666416 4 8 theme storage 754:760 arg1 period 762:767 storage period 754:767 storage period 754:767 Coating samples showed no significant reduction in the weight loss during storage period. 25666416 7 9 theme growth 1157:1162 arg1 rate 1164:1167 the microbial growth rate 1143:1167 the microbial growth rate 1143:1167 In both cultivars, the addition of chitosan to coatings decreases the microbial growth rate. 25666416 5 10 theme treated 907:913 arg1 berries 915:921 treated berries 907:921 treated berries 907:921 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 4 11 theme significant 706:716 arg1 reduction 718:726 no significant reduction 703:726 no significant reduction 703:726 Coating samples showed no significant reduction in the weight loss during storage period. 25666416 2 12 theme storage 496:502 arg1 days 504:507 45 storage days 493:507 45 storage days 493:507 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 6 13 from differences 953:963 arg1 content 989:995 total soluble solids content 968:995 total soluble solids content 968:995 In cv O'Neal, no significant differences in total soluble solids content were found, and the chitosan-coated berries showed the minimum firmness losses. 25666416 1 14 theme phenolic 164:171 arg1 content 173:179 total phenolic content 158:179 total phenolic content 158:179 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 6 15 theme significant 941:951 arg1 differences 953:963 no significant differences 938:963 no significant differences in total soluble solids content 938:995 In cv O'Neal, no significant differences in total soluble solids content were found, and the chitosan-coated berries showed the minimum firmness losses. 25666416 5 16 theme maintained 875:884 arg1 lightness 894:902 maintained surface lightness 875:902 maintained surface lightness 875:902 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 2 17 from 0 °C 512:515 arg1 harvest 454:460 harvest 454:460 harvest 454:460 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 6 18 theme minimum 1052:1058 arg1 losses 1069:1074 the minimum firmness losses 1048:1074 the minimum firmness losses 1048:1074 In cv O'Neal, no significant differences in total soluble solids content were found, and the chitosan-coated berries showed the minimum firmness losses. 25666416 2 19 theme solids 383:388 arg1 content 390:396 soluble solids content 375:396 soluble solids content 375:396 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 5 20 theme berries 915:921 arg1 lightness 894:902 maintained surface lightness 875:902 maintained surface lightness 875:902 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 5 20 theme berries 915:921 arg1 firmness 842:849 firmness 842:849 firmness 842:849 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 5 20 theme berries 915:921 arg1 acidity 863:869 titratable acidity 852:869 titratable acidity 852:869 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 3 21 from decrease 604:611 arg1 content 628:634 anthocyanin content 616:634 anthocyanin content 616:634 Application of chitosan coating delayed the decrease in anthocyanin content, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25666416 3 21 from decrease 604:611 arg1 content 646:652 phenolic content 637:652 phenolic content 637:652 Application of chitosan coating delayed the decrease in anthocyanin content, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25666416 3 21 from decrease 604:611 arg1 capacity 670:677 antioxidant capacity 658:677 antioxidant capacity 658:677 Application of chitosan coating delayed the decrease in anthocyanin content, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25666416 2 22 theme soluble 375:381 arg1 content 390:396 soluble solids content 375:396 soluble solids content 375:396 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 2 23 theme berries 427:433 arg1 firmness 399:406 firmness 399:406 firmness 399:406 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 2 23 theme berries 427:433 arg1 loss 419:422 weight loss 412:422 weight loss 412:422 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 2 23 theme berries 427:433 arg1 content 390:396 soluble solids content 375:396 soluble solids content 375:396 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 2 23 theme berries 427:433 arg1 acidity 366:372 titratable acidity 355:372 titratable acidity 355:372 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 6 24 located found 1002:1006 arg1 Neal 932:935 Neal 932:935 Neal 932:935 In cv O'Neal, no significant differences in total soluble solids content were found, and the chitosan-coated berries showed the minimum firmness losses. 25666416 6 24 located found 1002:1006 arg2 differences 953:963 no significant differences 938:963 no significant differences in total soluble solids content 938:995 In cv O'Neal, no significant differences in total soluble solids content were found, and the chitosan-coated berries showed the minimum firmness losses. 25666416 1 25 theme total 182:186 arg1 anthocyanin 188:198 total anthocyanin 182:198 total anthocyanin 182:198 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 1 26 from influence 116:124 arg1 content 173:179 total phenolic content 158:179 total phenolic content 158:179 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 1 26 from influence 116:124 arg1 anthocyanin 188:198 total anthocyanin 182:198 total anthocyanin 182:198 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 1 26 from influence 116:124 arg1 capacity 216:223 antioxidant capacity 204:223 antioxidant capacity 204:223 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 2 27 theme weight 412:417 arg1 loss 419:422 weight loss 412:422 weight loss 412:422 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 5 28 theme alginate 797:804 arg1 coating 806:812 alginate coating 797:812 alginate coating 797:812 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 1 29 dep blueberry 237:245 arg1 Berkeley 275:282 Berkeley 275:282 Berkeley 275:282 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 1 29 dep blueberry 237:245 arg1 Neal 290:293 Neal 290:293 Neal 290:293 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 4 30 theme weight 735:740 arg1 loss 742:745 the weight loss 731:745 the weight loss 731:745 Coating samples showed no significant reduction in the weight loss during storage period. 25666416 5 31 theme titratable 852:861 arg1 acidity 863:869 titratable acidity 852:869 titratable acidity 852:869 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 6 32 theme chitosan-coated 1017:1031 arg1 berries 1033:1039 the chitosan-coated berries 1013:1039 the chitosan-coated berries 1013:1039 In cv O'Neal, no significant differences in total soluble solids content were found, and the chitosan-coated berries showed the minimum firmness losses. 25666416 1 33 theme antioxidant 204:214 arg1 capacity 216:223 antioxidant capacity 204:223 antioxidant capacity 204:223 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 0 34 theme antioxidant 28:38 arg1 capacity 40:47 antioxidant capacity 28:47 antioxidant capacity 28:47 Anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant capacity after fresh storage of blueberry treated with edible coatings. 25666416 7 35 theme chitosan 1112:1119 arg1 addition 1100:1107 the addition 1096:1107 the addition of chitosan to coatings 1096:1131 In both cultivars, the addition of chitosan to coatings decreases the microbial growth rate. 25666416 3 36 theme chitosan 575:582 arg1 coating 584:590 chitosan coating 575:590 chitosan coating 575:590 Application of chitosan coating delayed the decrease in anthocyanin content, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25666416 5 37 theme positive 823:830 arg1 effect 832:837 a positive effect 821:837 a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries 821:921 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 0 38 theme fresh 55:59 arg1 storage 61:67 fresh storage 55:67 fresh storage of blueberry 55:80 Anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant capacity after fresh storage of blueberry treated with edible coatings. 25666416 3 39 theme anthocyanin 616:626 arg1 content 628:634 anthocyanin content 616:634 anthocyanin content 616:634 Application of chitosan coating delayed the decrease in anthocyanin content, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25666416 1 40 from capacity 216:223 arg1 blueberry 237:245 highbush blueberry 228:245 highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) 228:294 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 5 41 theme surface 886:892 arg1 lightness 894:902 maintained surface lightness 875:902 maintained surface lightness 875:902 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 2 42 theme titratable 355:364 arg1 acidity 366:372 titratable acidity 355:372 titratable acidity 355:372 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 2 43 theme coating 539:545 arg1 composition 547:557 coating composition 539:557 coating composition 539:557 Also titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness and weight loss of berries were determined at harvest and at 15-day intervals during 45 storage days at 0 °C, in order to optimize coating composition. 25666416 1 44 from anthocyanin 188:198 arg1 blueberry 237:245 highbush blueberry 228:245 highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) 228:294 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 3 45 theme antioxidant 658:668 arg1 capacity 670:677 antioxidant capacity 658:677 antioxidant capacity 658:677 Application of chitosan coating delayed the decrease in anthocyanin content, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25666416 4 46 theme Coating 680:686 arg1 samples 688:694 Coating samples 680:694 Coating samples 680:694 Coating samples showed no significant reduction in the weight loss during storage period. 25666416 3 47 theme phenolic 637:644 arg1 content 646:652 phenolic content 637:652 phenolic content 637:652 Application of chitosan coating delayed the decrease in anthocyanin content, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25666416 1 48 theme different 129:137 arg1 coatings 146:153 different edible coatings 129:153 different edible coatings 129:153 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 1 49 theme highbush 228:235 arg1 blueberry 237:245 highbush blueberry 228:245 highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) 228:294 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 3 50 theme coating 584:590 arg1 Application 560:570 Application 560:570 Application of chitosan coating 560:590 Application of chitosan coating delayed the decrease in anthocyanin content, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. 25666416 5 51 theme coating 806:812 arg1 use 790:792 the use 786:792 the use of alginate coating 786:812 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 1 52 theme edible 139:144 arg1 coatings 146:153 different edible coatings 129:153 different edible coatings 129:153 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 6 53 theme solids 982:987 arg1 content 989:995 total soluble solids content 968:995 total soluble solids content 968:995 In cv O'Neal, no significant differences in total soluble solids content were found, and the chitosan-coated berries showed the minimum firmness losses. 25666416 7 54 theme microbial 1147:1155 arg1 rate 1164:1167 the microbial growth rate 1143:1167 the microbial growth rate 1143:1167 In both cultivars, the addition of chitosan to coatings decreases the microbial growth rate. 25666416 5 55 from effect 832:837 arg1 lightness 894:902 maintained surface lightness 875:902 maintained surface lightness 875:902 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 5 55 from effect 832:837 arg1 firmness 842:849 firmness 842:849 firmness 842:849 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 5 55 from effect 832:837 arg1 acidity 863:869 titratable acidity 852:869 titratable acidity 852:869 In cv Berkeley, the use of alginate coating showed a positive effect on firmness, titratable acidity and maintained surface lightness of treated berries. 25666416 1 56 theme coatings 146:153 arg1 influence 116:124 The influence 112:124 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) 112:294 The influence of different edible coatings on total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv Berkeley and O'Neal) was investigated, mainly for industrial applications. 25666416 6 57 theme soluble 974:980 arg1 content 989:995 total soluble solids content 968:995 total soluble solids content 968:995 In cv O'Neal, no significant differences in total soluble solids content were found, and the chitosan-coated berries showed the minimum firmness losses. 28448610 4 0 theme purple 920:925 arg1 S. 939:940 S. 939:940 S. 939:940 To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. 28448610 4 0 theme purple 920:925 arg1 urchin 931:936 the purple sea urchin 916:936 the purple sea urchin 916:936 To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. 28448610 3 1 from echinoderms 733:743 arg1 family 712:717 this family 707:717 this family of enzymes in echinoderms 707:743 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 3 1 from echinoderms 733:743 arg1 relatives 765:773 basal deuterostome relatives 746:773 basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates 746:790 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 10 2 theme fluorescent 1660:1670 arg1 FISH 1695:1698 FISH 1695:1698 FISH 1695:1698 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 10 2 theme fluorescent 1660:1670 arg1 hybridization 1680:1692 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization 1649:1692 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 1649:1699 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 3 3 theme chordates 782:790 arg1 relatives 765:773 basal deuterostome relatives 746:773 basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates 746:790 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 3 3 theme chordates 782:790 arg1 family 712:717 this family 707:717 this family of enzymes in echinoderms 707:743 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 1 4 theme protein 293:299 arg1 threonine 269:277 threonine 269:277 threonine 269:277 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 4 theme protein 293:299 arg1 serine 259:264 select serine 252:264 select serine 252:264 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 4 5 theme enzyme 899:904 arg1 family 906:911 this enzyme family 894:911 this enzyme family 894:911 To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. 28448610 6 6 theme mammalian 1206:1214 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1216:1235 mammalian glycosyltransferases 1206:1235 mammalian glycosyltransferases 1206:1235 Amino acid alignments revealed high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases, suggesting the presence of putative orthologues. 28448610 3 7 from family 712:717 arg1 echinoderms 733:743 echinoderms 733:743 echinoderms 733:743 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 10 8 theme secondary 1846:1854 arg1 cells 1867:1871 secondary mesenchyme cells 1846:1871 secondary mesenchyme cells 1846:1871 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 3 9 theme protein 619:625 arg1 modification 627:638 protein modification 619:638 protein modification 619:638 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 1 10 theme hydroxyl 234:241 arg1 threonine 269:277 threonine 269:277 threonine 269:277 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 10 theme hydroxyl 234:241 arg1 group 243:247 the hydroxyl group 230:247 the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein 230:299 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 10 theme hydroxyl 234:241 arg1 serine 259:264 select serine 252:264 select serine 252:264 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 11 theme posttranslational 147:163 arg1 modification 165:176 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification 134:176 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc 134:327 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 11 theme posttranslational 147:163 arg1 O-glycosylation 115:129 Mucin-type O-glycosylation 104:129 Mucin-type O-glycosylation 104:129 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 11 12 theme mesenchyme 2061:2070 arg1 development 2072:2082 secondary mesenchyme development 2051:2082 secondary mesenchyme development 2051:2082 At late blastula stage (28 hpf), SpGalnt7-2 message co-expresses with Gcm, suggesting that it may play a role in secondary mesenchyme development. 28448610 12 13 theme transcripts 2152:2162 arg1 knockdown 2129:2137 morpholino-mediated knockdown 2109:2137 morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts 2109:2162 We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus. 28448610 3 14 theme higher 666:671 arg1 eukaryotes 673:682 higher eukaryotes 666:682 higher eukaryotes 666:682 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 1 15 dep serine 259:264 arg1 residues 279:286 residues 279:286 residues 279:286 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 6 16 theme orthologues 1274:1284 arg1 presence 1253:1260 the presence 1249:1260 the presence of putative orthologues 1249:1284 Amino acid alignments revealed high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases, suggesting the presence of putative orthologues. 28448610 11 17 theme SpGalnt7-2 1971:1980 arg1 message 1982:1988 SpGalnt7-2 message 1971:1988 SpGalnt7-2 message 1971:1988 At late blastula stage (28 hpf), SpGalnt7-2 message co-expresses with Gcm, suggesting that it may play a role in secondary mesenchyme development. 28448610 9 18 theme developing 1566:1575 arg1 embryos 1577:1583 developing embryos 1566:1583 developing embryos 1566:1583 We found that many of these genes are transcribed early in developing embryos, often with restricted expression to the endomesodermal region. 28448610 12 19 theme neurons 2215:2221 arg1 deficiency 2178:2187 a deficiency 2176:2187 a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons 2176:2221 We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus. 28448610 5 20 theme confirmed 1070:1078 arg1 activity 1090:1097 confirmed enzymatic activity 1070:1097 confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins 1070:1126 We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. 28448610 12 21 theme morpholino-mediated 2109:2127 arg1 knockdown 2129:2137 morpholino-mediated knockdown 2109:2137 morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts 2109:2162 We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus. 28448610 7 22 theme Structural 1287:1296 arg1 models 1298:1303 Structural models 1287:1303 Structural models 1287:1303 Structural models underscored these similarities and helped reconcile some of the substrate preferences observed. 28448610 10 23 theme early 1881:1885 arg1 stage 1896:1900 the early blastula stage 1877:1900 the early blastula stage 1877:1900 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 10 23 theme early 1881:1885 arg1 hours 1906:1910 20 hours 1903:1910 20 hours post fertilization (hpf) 1903:1935 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 8 24 dep in 1484:1485 arg1 situ 1487:1490 situ 1487:1490 situ 1487:1490 Temporal and spatial expression of SpGalnt transcripts, was studied by whole-mount in situ hybridization. 28448610 1 25 dep modification 165:176 arg1 GalNAc-Ts 377:385 GalNAc-Ts 377:385 GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41 377:398 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 25 dep modification 165:176 arg1 N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 341:374 Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 329:374 Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41) 329:399 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 5 26 theme proteins 1119:1126 arg1 activity 1090:1097 confirmed enzymatic activity 1070:1097 confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins 1070:1126 We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. 28448610 8 27 theme SpGalnt 1436:1442 arg1 transcripts 1444:1454 SpGalnt transcripts 1436:1454 SpGalnt transcripts 1436:1454 Temporal and spatial expression of SpGalnt transcripts, was studied by whole-mount in situ hybridization. 28448610 11 28 theme blastula 1946:1953 arg1 stage 1955:1959 late blastula stage 1941:1959 late blastula stage (28 hpf) 1941:1968 At late blastula stage (28 hpf), SpGalnt7-2 message co-expresses with Gcm, suggesting that it may play a role in secondary mesenchyme development. 28448610 11 28 theme blastula 1946:1953 arg1 hpf 1965:1967 28 hpf 1962:1967 28 hpf 1962:1967 At late blastula stage (28 hpf), SpGalnt7-2 message co-expresses with Gcm, suggesting that it may play a role in secondary mesenchyme development. 28448610 2 29 theme cell-cell 495:503 arg1 interactions 505:516 cell-cell interactions 495:516 cell-cell interactions 495:516 Previous studies demonstrate that O-glycosylation plays essential roles in protein function, cell-cell interactions, cell polarity and differentiation in developing mouse and Drosophila embryos. 28448610 12 30 theme mucin-type 2240:2249 arg1 O-glycans 2251:2259 mucin-type O-glycans 2240:2259 mucin-type O-glycans 2240:2259 We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus. 28448610 4 31 theme potential 812:820 arg1 role 822:825 the potential role 808:825 the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms 808:853 To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. 28448610 10 32 dep Endo16 1774:1779 arg1 gene 1784:1787 a gene 1782:1787 a gene expressed in the endoderm 1782:1813 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 0 33 theme expression 21:30 arg1 analysis 32:39 expression analysis 21:39 expression analysis 21:39 Characterization and expression analysis of Galnts in developing Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos. 28448610 1 34 dep GalNAc-Ts 377:385 arg1 2.4.1.41 391:398 EC 2.4.1.41 388:398 GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41 377:398 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 8 35 theme whole-mount 1472:1482 arg1 hybridization 1492:1504 whole-mount in situ hybridization 1472:1504 whole-mount in situ hybridization 1472:1504 Temporal and spatial expression of SpGalnt transcripts, was studied by whole-mount in situ hybridization. 28448610 12 36 theme embryonic 2289:2297 arg1 development 2299:2309 embryonic development 2289:2309 embryonic development 2289:2309 We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus. 28448610 2 37 theme essential 458:466 arg1 roles 468:472 essential roles 458:472 essential roles 458:472 Previous studies demonstrate that O-glycosylation plays essential roles in protein function, cell-cell interactions, cell polarity and differentiation in developing mouse and Drosophila embryos. 28448610 1 38 theme UDP-GalNAc 318:327 arg1 family 308:313 the family 304:313 the family of UDP-GalNAc 304:327 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 5 39 theme urchin 1041:1046 arg1 SpGalNAc-Ts 1048:1058 putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts 1028:1058 putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts 1028:1058 We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. 28448610 5 40 contain have 1065:1068 arg2 activity 1090:1097 confirmed enzymatic activity 1070:1097 confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins 1070:1126 We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. 28448610 5 40 contain have 1065:1068 arg1 We 954:955 We 954:955 We 954:955 We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. 28448610 0 41 theme Strongylocentrotus 65:82 arg1 purpuratus 84:93 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus 65:93 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos 65:101 Characterization and expression analysis of Galnts in developing Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos. 28448610 1 42 theme Polypeptide 329:339 arg1 GalNAc-Ts 377:385 GalNAc-Ts 377:385 GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41 377:398 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 42 theme Polypeptide 329:339 arg1 N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 341:374 Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 329:374 Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41) 329:399 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 6 43 theme high 1160:1163 arg1 similarity 1174:1183 high sequence similarity 1160:1183 high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases 1160:1235 Amino acid alignments revealed high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases, suggesting the presence of putative orthologues. 28448610 1 44 theme select 252:257 arg1 serine 259:264 select serine 252:264 select serine 252:264 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 3 45 theme enzymes 722:728 arg1 family 712:717 this family 707:717 this family of enzymes in echinoderms 707:743 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 3 45 theme enzymes 722:728 arg1 relatives 765:773 basal deuterostome relatives 746:773 basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates 746:790 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 12 46 theme skeleton 2202:2209 arg1 deficiency 2178:2187 a deficiency 2176:2187 a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons 2176:2221 We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus. 28448610 2 47 theme Previous 402:409 arg1 studies 411:417 Previous studies 402:417 Previous studies 402:417 Previous studies demonstrate that O-glycosylation plays essential roles in protein function, cell-cell interactions, cell polarity and differentiation in developing mouse and Drosophila embryos. 28448610 5 48 theme putative 1028:1035 arg1 SpGalNAc-Ts 1048:1058 putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts 1028:1058 putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts 1028:1058 We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. 28448610 6 49 theme Amino 1129:1133 arg1 alignments 1140:1149 Amino acid alignments 1129:1149 Amino acid alignments 1129:1149 Amino acid alignments revealed high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases, suggesting the presence of putative orthologues. 28448610 10 50 theme in 1672:1673 arg1 FISH 1695:1698 FISH 1695:1698 FISH 1695:1698 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 10 50 theme in 1672:1673 arg1 hybridization 1680:1692 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization 1649:1692 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 1649:1699 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 3 51 theme basal 746:750 arg1 relatives 765:773 basal deuterostome relatives 746:773 basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates 746:790 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 3 51 theme basal 746:750 arg1 family 712:717 this family 707:717 this family of enzymes in echinoderms 707:743 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 3 52 theme modification 627:638 arg1 type 611:614 this type 606:614 this type of protein modification 606:638 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 4 53 theme sea 927:929 arg1 S. 939:940 S. 939:940 S. 939:940 To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. 28448610 4 53 theme sea 927:929 arg1 urchin 931:936 the purple sea urchin 916:936 the purple sea urchin 916:936 To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. 28448610 10 54 theme Multicolor 1649:1658 arg1 FISH 1695:1698 FISH 1695:1698 FISH 1695:1698 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 10 54 theme Multicolor 1649:1658 arg1 hybridization 1680:1692 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization 1649:1692 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 1649:1699 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 10 55 theme mesenchyme 1856:1865 arg1 cells 1867:1871 secondary mesenchyme cells 1846:1871 secondary mesenchyme cells 1846:1871 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 4 56 theme family 906:911 arg1 characterization 874:889 the characterization 870:889 the characterization of this enzyme family 870:911 To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. 28448610 6 57 theme sea 1191:1193 arg1 urchin 1195:1200 sea urchin 1191:1200 sea urchin 1191:1200 Amino acid alignments revealed high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases, suggesting the presence of putative orthologues. 28448610 9 58 theme genes 1535:1539 arg1 many 1521:1524 many 1521:1524 many 1521:1524 We found that many of these genes are transcribed early in developing embryos, often with restricted expression to the endomesodermal region. 28448610 9 58 theme genes 1535:1539 arg1 genes 1535:1539 these genes 1529:1539 these genes 1529:1539 We found that many of these genes are transcribed early in developing embryos, often with restricted expression to the endomesodermal region. 28448610 11 59 theme secondary 2051:2059 arg1 development 2072:2082 secondary mesenchyme development 2051:2082 secondary mesenchyme development 2051:2082 At late blastula stage (28 hpf), SpGalnt7-2 message co-expresses with Gcm, suggesting that it may play a role in secondary mesenchyme development. 28448610 10 60 dep in 1672:1673 arg1 situ 1675:1678 situ 1675:1678 situ 1675:1678 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 12 61 theme SpGalnt13 2142:2150 arg1 transcripts 2152:2162 SpGalnt13 transcripts 2142:2162 SpGalnt13 transcripts 2142:2162 We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus. 28448610 5 62 theme recombinant 1107:1117 arg1 proteins 1119:1126 five recombinant proteins 1102:1126 five recombinant proteins 1102:1126 We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. 28448610 1 63 theme ubiquitous 136:145 arg1 modification 165:176 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification 134:176 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc 134:327 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 63 theme ubiquitous 136:145 arg1 O-glycosylation 115:129 Mucin-type O-glycosylation 104:129 Mucin-type O-glycosylation 104:129 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 6 64 theme putative 1265:1272 arg1 orthologues 1274:1284 putative orthologues 1265:1284 putative orthologues 1265:1284 Amino acid alignments revealed high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases, suggesting the presence of putative orthologues. 28448610 0 65 theme purpuratus 84:93 arg1 embryos 95:101 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos 65:101 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos 65:101 Characterization and expression analysis of Galnts in developing Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos. 28448610 5 66 theme enzymatic 1080:1088 arg1 activity 1090:1097 confirmed enzymatic activity 1070:1097 confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins 1070:1126 We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. 28448610 10 67 theme blastula 1887:1894 arg1 stage 1896:1900 the early blastula stage 1877:1900 the early blastula stage 1877:1900 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 10 67 theme blastula 1887:1894 arg1 hours 1906:1910 20 hours 1903:1910 20 hours post fertilization (hpf) 1903:1935 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 10 68 dep Gcm 1821:1823 arg1 gene 1828:1831 a gene 1826:1831 a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells 1826:1871 Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). 28448610 4 69 dep S. 939:940 arg1 purpuratus 942:951 S. purpuratus 939:951 S. purpuratus 939:951 To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. 28448610 9 70 theme restricted 1597:1606 arg1 expression 1608:1617 restricted expression 1597:1617 restricted expression to the endomesodermal region 1597:1646 We found that many of these genes are transcribed early in developing embryos, often with restricted expression to the endomesodermal region. 28448610 8 71 theme Temporal 1401:1408 arg1 expression 1422:1431 Temporal and spatial expression 1401:1431 Temporal and spatial expression 1401:1431 Temporal and spatial expression of SpGalnt transcripts, was studied by whole-mount in situ hybridization. 28448610 1 72 theme EC 388:389 arg1 2.4.1.41 391:398 EC 2.4.1.41 388:398 GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41 377:398 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 2 73 theme Drosophila 577:586 arg1 embryos 588:594 mouse and Drosophila embryos 567:594 mouse and Drosophila embryos 567:594 Previous studies demonstrate that O-glycosylation plays essential roles in protein function, cell-cell interactions, cell polarity and differentiation in developing mouse and Drosophila embryos. 28448610 12 74 theme essential 2266:2274 arg1 roles 2276:2280 essential roles 2266:2280 essential roles 2266:2280 We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus. 28448610 8 75 theme spatial 1414:1420 arg1 expression 1422:1431 Temporal and spatial expression 1401:1431 Temporal and spatial expression 1401:1431 Temporal and spatial expression of SpGalnt transcripts, was studied by whole-mount in situ hybridization. 28448610 4 76 from role 822:825 arg1 echinoderms 843:853 echinoderms 843:853 echinoderms 843:853 To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. 28448610 5 77 theme genes 1002:1006 arg1 total 990:994 a total 988:994 a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts 988:1058 We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. 28448610 2 78 theme mouse 567:571 arg1 embryos 588:594 mouse and Drosophila embryos 567:594 mouse and Drosophila embryos 567:594 Previous studies demonstrate that O-glycosylation plays essential roles in protein function, cell-cell interactions, cell polarity and differentiation in developing mouse and Drosophila embryos. 28448610 4 79 theme GalNAc-Ts 830:838 arg1 role 822:825 the potential role 808:825 the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms 808:853 To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. 28448610 1 80 theme Mucin-type 104:113 arg1 modification 165:176 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification 134:176 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc 134:327 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 80 theme Mucin-type 104:113 arg1 O-glycosylation 115:129 Mucin-type O-glycosylation 104:129 Mucin-type O-glycosylation 104:129 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 8 81 theme transcripts 1444:1454 arg1 expression 1422:1431 Temporal and spatial expression 1401:1431 Temporal and spatial expression 1401:1431 Temporal and spatial expression of SpGalnt transcripts, was studied by whole-mount in situ hybridization. 28448610 11 82 theme late 1941:1944 arg1 stage 1955:1959 late blastula stage 1941:1959 late blastula stage (28 hpf) 1941:1968 At late blastula stage (28 hpf), SpGalnt7-2 message co-expresses with Gcm, suggesting that it may play a role in secondary mesenchyme development. 28448610 11 82 theme late 1941:1944 arg1 hpf 1965:1967 28 hpf 1962:1967 28 hpf 1962:1967 At late blastula stage (28 hpf), SpGalnt7-2 message co-expresses with Gcm, suggesting that it may play a role in secondary mesenchyme development. 28448610 7 83 theme substrate 1369:1377 arg1 preferences 1379:1389 the substrate preferences 1365:1389 the substrate preferences observed 1365:1398 Structural models underscored these similarities and helped reconcile some of the substrate preferences observed. 28448610 2 84 theme protein 477:483 arg1 function 485:492 protein function 477:492 protein function 477:492 Previous studies demonstrate that O-glycosylation plays essential roles in protein function, cell-cell interactions, cell polarity and differentiation in developing mouse and Drosophila embryos. 28448610 9 85 theme endomesodermal 1626:1639 arg1 region 1641:1646 the endomesodermal region 1622:1646 the endomesodermal region 1622:1646 We found that many of these genes are transcribed early in developing embryos, often with restricted expression to the endomesodermal region. 28448610 0 86 theme Galnts 44:49 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and expression analysis of Galnts in developing Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos. 28448610 0 86 theme Galnts 44:49 arg1 analysis 32:39 expression analysis 21:39 expression analysis 21:39 Characterization and expression analysis of Galnts in developing Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos. 28448610 5 87 theme sea 1037:1039 arg1 SpGalNAc-Ts 1048:1058 putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts 1028:1058 putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts 1028:1058 We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. 28448610 2 88 theme cell 519:522 arg1 polarity 524:531 cell polarity 519:531 cell polarity 519:531 Previous studies demonstrate that O-glycosylation plays essential roles in protein function, cell-cell interactions, cell polarity and differentiation in developing mouse and Drosophila embryos. 28448610 6 89 theme sequence 1165:1172 arg1 similarity 1174:1183 high sequence similarity 1160:1183 high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases 1160:1235 Amino acid alignments revealed high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases, suggesting the presence of putative orthologues. 28448610 8 90 theme in 1484:1485 arg1 hybridization 1492:1504 whole-mount in situ hybridization 1472:1504 whole-mount in situ hybridization 1472:1504 Temporal and spatial expression of SpGalnt transcripts, was studied by whole-mount in situ hybridization. 28448610 1 91 theme serine 259:264 arg1 threonine 269:277 threonine 269:277 threonine 269:277 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 91 theme serine 259:264 arg1 group 243:247 the hydroxyl group 230:247 the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein 230:299 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 91 theme serine 259:264 arg1 serine 259:264 select serine 252:264 select serine 252:264 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 6 92 theme acid 1135:1138 arg1 alignments 1140:1149 Amino acid alignments 1129:1149 Amino acid alignments 1129:1149 Amino acid alignments revealed high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases, suggesting the presence of putative orthologues. 28448610 3 93 from enzymes 722:728 arg1 echinoderms 733:743 echinoderms 733:743 echinoderms 733:743 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 3 94 theme deuterostome 752:763 arg1 relatives 765:773 basal deuterostome relatives 746:773 basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates 746:790 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 3 94 theme deuterostome 752:763 arg1 family 712:717 this family 707:717 this family of enzymes in echinoderms 707:743 Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. 28448610 12 95 theme embryonic 2192:2200 arg1 skeleton 2202:2209 embryonic skeleton 2192:2209 embryonic skeleton 2192:2209 We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus. 28448610 1 96 theme threonine 269:277 arg1 threonine 269:277 threonine 269:277 threonine 269:277 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 96 theme threonine 269:277 arg1 group 243:247 the hydroxyl group 230:247 the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein 230:299 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28448610 1 96 theme threonine 269:277 arg1 serine 259:264 select serine 252:264 select serine 252:264 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). 28273406 8 0 theme UDP-sugar 1646:1654 arg1 formation 1656:1664 UDP-sugar formation 1646:1664 UDP-sugar formation 1646:1664 Their effects on pollen germination were relieved by addition of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, suggesting that the inhibitors targeted UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 1 1 theme wall 268:271 arg1 protein 208:214 protein 208:214 protein 208:214 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 1 1 theme wall 268:271 arg1 polysaccharides 273:287 cell wall polysaccharides 263:287 cell wall polysaccharides 263:287 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 9 2 theme approaches 1839:1848 arg1 limitations 1816:1826 the limitations 1812:1826 the limitations of genetic approaches 1812:1848 The results suggest that cmp #6 and its analogs may represent useful tools to study in vivo roles of the pyrophosphorylases, helping to overcome the limitations of genetic approaches. 28273406 6 3 theme growth 1258:1263 arg1 compounds 1115:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 3 theme growth 1258:1263 arg1 inhibitor 1185:1193 effective inhibitor 1175:1193 effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth 1175:1263 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 3 theme growth 1258:1263 arg1 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 7 4 from optimization 1270:1281 arg1 # 1290:1290 cmp #6 1286:1291 cmp #6 1286:1291 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 7 5 theme uncompetitive 1352:1364 arg1 inhibitors 1366:1375 uncompetitive inhibitors 1352:1375 uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase 1352:1406 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 7 5 theme uncompetitive 1352:1364 arg1 which 1337:1341 which 1337:1341 which 1337:1341 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 6 6 theme cell 1245:1248 arg1 growth 1258:1263 Arabidopsis cell culture growth 1233:1263 Arabidopsis cell culture growth 1233:1263 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 4 7 theme activity 947:954 arg1 inhibition 911:920 at least 50% inhibition 898:920 at least 50% inhibition of the pyrophosphorylase activity 898:954 Several compounds have been identified which, at 50 μm, exerted at least 50% inhibition of the pyrophosphorylase activity. 28273406 1 8 theme lipid 220:224 arg1 glycosylation 226:238 lipid glycosylation 220:238 lipid glycosylation 220:238 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 6 9 theme Arabidopsis 1233:1243 arg1 growth 1258:1263 Arabidopsis cell culture growth 1233:1263 Arabidopsis cell culture growth 1233:1263 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 10 theme germination 1217:1227 arg1 compounds 1115:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 10 theme germination 1217:1227 arg1 inhibitor 1185:1193 effective inhibitor 1175:1193 effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth 1175:1263 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 10 theme germination 1217:1227 arg1 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 3 11 theme primary 791:797 arg1 mechanisms 799:808 the primary mechanisms 787:808 the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation 787:831 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 1 12 theme ultimate 139:146 arg1 precursors 148:157 ultimate precursors 139:157 ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions 139:196 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 2 13 theme enzyme 578:583 arg1 role 562:565 an in vivo role 551:565 an in vivo role of a given enzyme 551:583 However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. 28273406 6 14 theme Arabidopsis 1198:1208 arg1 germination 1217:1227 Arabidopsis pollen germination 1198:1227 Arabidopsis pollen germination 1198:1227 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 7 15 theme cmp 1326:1328 arg1 # 1330:1330 cmp # 1326:1330 cmp # 1326:1330 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 5 16 theme sites 1078:1082 arg1 features 1059:1066 common structural features 1041:1066 common structural features of active sites of these enzymes 1041:1099 In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. 28273406 3 17 theme formation 823:831 arg1 mechanisms 799:808 the primary mechanisms 787:808 the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation 787:831 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 0 18 theme UDP-sugar 69:77 arg1 pyrophosphorylases 79:96 UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases 69:96 UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies 69:116 Identification and characterization of inhibitors of UDP-glucose and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies. 28273406 1 19 theme UDP-sugar-producing 329:347 arg1 enzymes 349:355 UDP-sugar-producing enzymes 329:355 UDP-sugar-producing enzymes 329:355 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 3 20 theme 17 500 622:627 arg1 compounds 629:637 17 500 compounds 622:637 17 500 compounds 622:637 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 4 21 dep % 909:909 arg1 50 907:908 50 907:908 50 907:908 Several compounds have been identified which, at 50 μm, exerted at least 50% inhibition of the pyrophosphorylase activity. 28273406 1 22 theme reactions 188:196 arg1 hundreds 162:169 hundreds 162:169 hundreds of glycosylation reactions 162:196 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 1 23 dep precursors 148:157 arg1 e.g. 199:202 e.g. 199:202 e.g. 199:202 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 9 24 theme useful 1729:1734 arg1 tools 1736:1740 useful tools 1729:1740 useful tools 1729:1740 The results suggest that cmp #6 and its analogs may represent useful tools to study in vivo roles of the pyrophosphorylases, helping to overcome the limitations of genetic approaches. 28273406 1 25 from precursors 148:157 arg1 hundreds 162:169 hundreds 162:169 hundreds of glycosylation reactions 162:196 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 2 26 theme reproductive 471:482 arg1 impairment 484:493 reproductive impairment 471:493 reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants 471:518 However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. 28273406 9 27 theme in vivo 1751:1757 arg1 roles 1759:1763 in vivo roles 1751:1763 in vivo roles of the pyrophosphorylases 1751:1789 The results suggest that cmp #6 and its analogs may represent useful tools to study in vivo roles of the pyrophosphorylases, helping to overcome the limitations of genetic approaches. 28273406 2 28 theme resulting 502:510 arg1 mutants 512:518 the resulting mutants 498:518 the resulting mutants 498:518 However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. 28273406 3 29 theme purified 671:678 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 692:708 purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 671:708 purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) 671:717 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 3 29 theme purified 671:678 arg1 UGPase 711:716 UGPase 711:716 UGPase 711:716 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 2 30 theme UDP-sugar 423:431 arg1 formation 433:441 UDP-sugar formation 423:441 UDP-sugar formation 423:441 However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. 28273406 0 31 theme inhibitors 39:48 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Identification and characterization of inhibitors of UDP-glucose and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies. 28273406 0 31 theme inhibitors 39:48 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and characterization of inhibitors of UDP-glucose and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies. 28273406 7 32 theme apparent 1461:1468 arg1 constants 1481:1489 apparent inhibition constants 1461:1489 apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm 1461:1507 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 5 33 theme common 1041:1046 arg1 features 1059:1066 common structural features 1041:1066 common structural features of active sites of these enzymes 1041:1099 In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. 28273406 2 34 from studies 398:404 arg1 mechanisms 409:418 mechanisms 409:418 mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation 409:441 However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. 28273406 9 35 theme pyrophosphorylases 1772:1789 arg1 roles 1759:1763 in vivo roles 1751:1763 in vivo roles of the pyrophosphorylases 1751:1789 The results suggest that cmp #6 and its analogs may represent useful tools to study in vivo roles of the pyrophosphorylases, helping to overcome the limitations of genetic approaches. 28273406 0 36 theme UDP-glucose 53:63 arg1 pyrophosphorylases 79:96 UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases 69:96 UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies 69:116 Identification and characterization of inhibitors of UDP-glucose and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies. 28273406 0 36 theme UDP-glucose 53:63 arg1 inhibitors 39:48 inhibitors 39:48 inhibitors of UDP-glucose 39:63 Identification and characterization of inhibitors of UDP-glucose and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies. 28273406 7 37 dep # 1318:1318 arg1 6D2 1331:1333 6D2 1331:1333 6D2 1331:1333 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 7 38 theme cmp 1286:1288 arg1 # 1290:1290 cmp #6 1286:1291 cmp #6 1286:1291 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 8 39 theme UDP-galactose 1591:1603 arg1 addition 1563:1570 addition 1563:1570 addition of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose 1563:1603 Their effects on pollen germination were relieved by addition of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, suggesting that the inhibitors targeted UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 7 40 theme pollen 1443:1448 arg1 test 1450:1453 the pollen test 1439:1453 the pollen test 1439:1453 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 6 41 theme cmp 1126:1128 arg1 compounds 1115:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 41 theme cmp 1126:1128 arg1 # 1130:1130 cmp #6 1126:1131 cmp #6 1126:1131 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 41 theme cmp 1126:1128 arg1 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 3 42 contain containing 611:620 arg1 library 603:609 a chemical library 592:609 a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds 592:637 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 3 42 contain containing 611:620 arg2 compounds 629:637 17 500 compounds 622:637 17 500 compounds 622:637 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 1 43 theme sucrose 254:260 arg1 synthesis 241:249 synthesis 241:249 synthesis of sucrose 241:260 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 1 43 theme sucrose 254:260 arg1 protein 208:214 protein 208:214 protein 208:214 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 6 44 theme compounds 1115:1123 arg1 compounds 1115:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 44 theme compounds 1115:1123 arg1 # 1130:1130 cmp #6 1126:1131 cmp #6 1126:1131 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 44 theme compounds 1115:1123 arg1 derivative 1150:1159 a salicylamide derivative 1135:1159 a salicylamide derivative 1135:1159 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 44 theme compounds 1115:1123 arg1 inhibitor 1185:1193 effective inhibitor 1175:1193 effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth 1175:1263 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 44 theme compounds 1115:1123 arg1 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 4 45 dep inhibition 911:920 arg1 % 909:909 % 909:909 % 909:909 Several compounds have been identified which, at 50 μm, exerted at least 50% inhibition of the pyrophosphorylase activity. 28273406 1 46 from role 321:324 arg1 metabolism 369:378 cellular metabolism 360:378 cellular metabolism 360:378 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 1 47 theme cell 263:266 arg1 protein 208:214 protein 208:214 protein 208:214 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 1 47 theme cell 263:266 arg1 polysaccharides 273:287 cell wall polysaccharides 263:287 cell wall polysaccharides 263:287 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 7 48 theme strong 1418:1423 arg1 inhibitors 1425:1434 strong inhibitors 1418:1434 strong inhibitors 1418:1434 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 6 49 theme culture 1250:1256 arg1 growth 1258:1263 Arabidopsis cell culture growth 1233:1263 Arabidopsis cell culture growth 1233:1263 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 9 50 theme genetic 1831:1837 arg1 approaches 1839:1848 genetic approaches 1831:1848 genetic approaches 1831:1848 The results suggest that cmp #6 and its analogs may represent useful tools to study in vivo roles of the pyrophosphorylases, helping to overcome the limitations of genetic approaches. 28273406 8 51 theme UDP-glucose 1575:1585 arg1 addition 1563:1570 addition 1563:1570 addition of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose 1563:1603 Their effects on pollen germination were relieved by addition of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, suggesting that the inhibitors targeted UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 8 52 from effects 1516:1522 arg1 germination 1534:1544 pollen germination 1527:1544 pollen germination 1527:1544 Their effects on pollen germination were relieved by addition of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, suggesting that the inhibitors targeted UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 6 53 theme salicylamide 1137:1148 arg1 compounds 1115:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 53 theme salicylamide 1137:1148 arg1 derivative 1150:1159 a salicylamide derivative 1135:1159 a salicylamide derivative 1135:1159 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 53 theme salicylamide 1137:1148 arg1 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 4 54 theme pyrophosphorylase 929:945 arg1 activity 947:954 the pyrophosphorylase activity 925:954 the pyrophosphorylase activity 925:954 Several compounds have been identified which, at 50 μm, exerted at least 50% inhibition of the pyrophosphorylase activity. 28273406 5 55 theme enzymes 1093:1099 arg1 sites 1078:1082 active sites 1071:1082 active sites of these enzymes 1071:1099 In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. 28273406 5 55 theme enzymes 1093:1099 arg1 enzymes 1093:1099 these enzymes 1087:1099 these enzymes 1087:1099 In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. 28273406 3 56 theme chemical 594:601 arg1 library 603:609 a chemical library 592:609 a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds 592:637 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 7 57 from inhibitors 1425:1434 arg1 test 1450:1453 the pollen test 1439:1453 the pollen test 1439:1453 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 2 58 theme in vivo 554:560 arg1 role 562:565 an in vivo role 551:565 an in vivo role of a given enzyme 551:583 However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. 28273406 3 59 theme UDP-sugar 813:821 arg1 formation 823:831 UDP-sugar formation 813:831 UDP-sugar formation 813:831 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 6 60 theme pollen 1210:1215 arg1 germination 1217:1227 Arabidopsis pollen germination 1198:1227 Arabidopsis pollen germination 1198:1227 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 5 61 theme active 1071:1076 arg1 sites 1078:1082 active sites 1071:1082 active sites of these enzymes 1071:1099 In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. 28273406 5 61 theme active 1071:1076 arg1 enzymes 1093:1099 these enzymes 1087:1099 these enzymes 1087:1099 In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. 28273406 2 62 theme given 572:576 arg1 enzyme 578:583 a given enzyme 570:583 a given enzyme 570:583 However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. 28273406 0 63 theme pyrophosphorylases 79:96 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Identification and characterization of inhibitors of UDP-glucose and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies. 28273406 0 63 theme pyrophosphorylases 79:96 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and characterization of inhibitors of UDP-glucose and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies. 28273406 6 64 theme effective 1175:1183 arg1 compounds 1115:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 these compounds 1109:1123 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 64 theme effective 1175:1183 arg1 inhibitor 1185:1193 effective inhibitor 1175:1193 effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth 1175:1263 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 6 64 theme effective 1175:1183 arg1 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One 1102:1104 One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. 28273406 0 65 theme in vivo 102:108 arg1 studies 110:116 in vivo studies 102:116 in vivo studies 102:116 Identification and characterization of inhibitors of UDP-glucose and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies. 28273406 1 66 theme enzymes 349:355 arg1 role 321:324 an important role 308:324 an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism 308:378 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 1 67 theme glycosylation 174:186 arg1 reactions 188:196 glycosylation reactions 174:196 glycosylation reactions 174:196 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 2 68 theme mutants 512:518 arg1 impairment 484:493 reproductive impairment 471:493 reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants 471:518 However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. 28273406 9 69 dep cmp 1692:1694 arg1 # 1696:1696 #6 1696:1697 #6 1696:1697 The results suggest that cmp #6 and its analogs may represent useful tools to study in vivo roles of the pyrophosphorylases, helping to overcome the limitations of genetic approaches. 28273406 1 70 theme cellular 360:367 arg1 metabolism 369:378 cellular metabolism 360:378 cellular metabolism 360:378 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 5 71 theme UGPase 976:981 arg1 activities 994:1003 both UGPase and USPase activities 971:1003 both UGPase and USPase activities 971:1003 In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. 28273406 7 72 theme less 1494:1497 arg1 constants 1481:1489 apparent inhibition constants 1461:1489 apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm 1461:1507 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 5 73 theme USPase 987:992 arg1 activities 994:1003 both UGPase and USPase activities 971:1003 both UGPase and USPase activities 971:1003 In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. 28273406 7 74 theme cmp 1314:1316 arg1 # 1318:1318 cmp #6D 1314:1320 cmp #6D 1314:1320 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 2 75 theme genetic 390:396 arg1 studies 398:404 genetic studies 390:404 genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation 390:441 However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. 28273406 2 76 theme formation 433:441 arg1 mechanisms 409:418 mechanisms 409:418 mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation 409:441 However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. 28273406 7 77 dep analogs 1305:1311 arg1 # 1330:1330 cmp # 1326:1330 cmp # 1326:1330 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 7 77 dep analogs 1305:1311 arg1 # 1318:1318 cmp #6D 1314:1320 cmp #6D 1314:1320 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 1 78 theme important 311:319 arg1 role 321:324 an important role 308:324 an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism 308:378 UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. 28273406 7 79 theme inhibition 1470:1479 arg1 constants 1481:1489 apparent inhibition constants 1461:1489 apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm 1461:1507 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 5 80 theme structural 1048:1057 arg1 features 1059:1066 common structural features 1041:1066 common structural features of active sites of these enzymes 1041:1099 In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. 28273406 8 81 theme pollen 1527:1532 arg1 germination 1534:1544 pollen germination 1527:1544 pollen germination 1527:1544 Their effects on pollen germination were relieved by addition of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, suggesting that the inhibitors targeted UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 7 82 theme Hit 1266:1268 arg1 optimization 1270:1281 Hit optimization 1266:1281 Hit optimization on cmp #6 1266:1291 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 3 83 theme UDP-glucose 680:690 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 692:708 purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 671:708 purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) 671:717 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 3 83 theme UDP-glucose 680:690 arg1 UGPase 711:716 UGPase 711:716 UGPase 711:716 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 7 84 dep yielded 1293:1299 arg1 inhibitors 1425:1434 strong inhibitors 1418:1434 strong inhibitors 1418:1434 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 7 84 dep yielded 1293:1299 arg1 acted 1343:1347 acted 1343:1347 acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase 1343:1406 Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. 28273406 3 85 theme UDP-sugar 723:731 arg1 USPase 752:757 USPase 752:757 USPase 752:757 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 3 85 theme UDP-sugar 723:731 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 733:749 UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase 723:749 UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) 723:758 Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. 28273406 4 86 theme Several 834:840 arg1 compounds 842:850 Several compounds 834:850 Several compounds 834:850 Several compounds have been identified which, at 50 μm, exerted at least 50% inhibition of the pyrophosphorylase activity. 28771121 13 0 theme type 1771:1774 arg1 1-10M-8-7-50T 1786:1798 1-10M-8-7-50T 1786:1798 1-10M-8-7-50T (=KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T) 1786:1826 The type strain is 1-10M-8-7-50T (=KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T). 28771121 13 0 theme type 1771:1774 arg1 strain 1776:1781 The type strain 1767:1781 The type strain 1767:1781 The type strain is 1-10M-8-7-50T (=KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T). 28771121 9 1 theme Aneurinibacillus 1139:1154 arg1 U33 1162:1164 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 1138:1164 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 1138:1164 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 9 2 contain had 992:994 arg2 similarity 1007:1016 a sequence similarity 996:1016 a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % 996:1174 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 9 2 contain had 992:994 arg1 strains 984:990 Both strains 979:990 Both strains 979:990 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 5 3 theme cellular 408:415 arg1 iso-C15  434:441 iso-C15  434:441 iso-C15  434:441 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 5 3 theme cellular 408:415 arg1 acids 423:427 The predominant cellular fatty acids 392:427 The predominant cellular fatty acids 392:427 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 4 4 theme 0-2.0  354:359 arg1 % 360:360 % 360:360 % 360:360 Both strains were able to grow at 25-60 ˚C (optimum 40-42 ˚C), at pH 6.0-8.8 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl. 28771121 11 5 theme strain 1608:1613 arg1 1-10M-8-7-50T 1615:1627 strain 1-10M-8-7-50T 1608:1627 strain 1-10M-8-7-50T 1608:1627 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 5 6 theme glutamic 536:543 arg1 acid 545:548 glutamic acid 536:548 glutamic acid 536:548 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 8 7 theme Bacilli 970:976 arg1 Paenibacillaceae 940:955 the family Paenibacillaceae 929:955 the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli 929:976 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they belong to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli. 28771121 5 8 contain contained 500:508 arg2 acid 530:533 meso-diaminopimelic acid 510:533 meso-diaminopimelic acid 510:533 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 5 8 contain contained 500:508 arg2 alanine 563:569 alanine 563:569 alanine 563:569 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 5 8 contain contained 500:508 arg2 glycine 551:557 glycine 551:557 glycine 551:557 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 5 8 contain contained 500:508 arg1 peptidoglycan 486:498 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 472:498 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 472:498 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 5 8 contain contained 500:508 arg2 acid 545:548 glutamic acid 536:548 glutamic acid 536:548 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 9 9 theme % 1174:1174 arg1 similarity 1007:1016 a sequence similarity 996:1016 a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % 996:1174 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 7 10 theme 41.9 mol 803:810 arg1 % 811:811 41.9 mol% 803:811 41.9 mol% 803:811 Genomic DNA G+C content was 41.9 mol%. 28771121 11 11 from taxa 1573:1576 arg1 differences 1531:1541 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences 1479:1541 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa 1479:1576 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 9 12 theme other 1181:1185 arg1 members 1187:1193 other members 1181:1193 other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1181:1223 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 4 13 theme optimum 369:375 arg1 % 383:383 optimum 0-0.8 % 369:383 optimum 0-0.8 % 369:383 Both strains were able to grow at 25-60 ˚C (optimum 40-42 ˚C), at pH 6.0-8.8 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl. 28771121 11 14 from Aneurinibacillus 1681:1696 arg1 classification 1590:1603 the classification 1586:1603 the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T 1586:1627 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 11 14 from Aneurinibacillus 1681:1696 arg1 representative 1634:1647 a representative 1632:1647 a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp 1632:1746 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 9 15 theme genus 1202:1206 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 1208:1223 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1198:1223 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1198:1223 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 10 16 theme 29.8±1 and 1358:1367 arg1 35.1±1 1350:1355 35.1±1 1350:1355 35.1±1 1350:1355 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 10 16 theme 29.8±1 and 1358:1367 arg1 % 1376:1376 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % 1358:1376 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33 1358:1462 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 11 17 dep Aneurinibacillus 1718:1733 arg1 sediminis 1735:1743 sediminis 1735:1743 sediminis 1735:1743 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 11 18 from species 1660:1666 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 1681:1696 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1671:1696 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1671:1696 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 9 19 with % 1026:1026 arg1 B0270T 1060:1065 Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T 1033:1065 Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T 1033:1065 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 9 19 with % 1026:1026 arg1 ATCC 1113:1116 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 8 20 theme 16S 814:816 arg1 comparisons 837:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains 814:863 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they belong to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli. 28771121 3 21 dep aerobic 179:185 arg1 strains 155:161 The strains 151:161 The strains 151:161 The strains were obligately aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile. 28771121 3 21 dep aerobic 179:185 arg1 spore-forming 209:221 spore-forming 209:221 spore-forming 209:221 The strains were obligately aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile. 28771121 3 21 dep aerobic 179:185 arg1 rod-shaped 224:233 rod-shaped 224:233 rod-shaped 224:233 The strains were obligately aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile. 28771121 3 21 dep aerobic 179:185 arg1 aerobic 179:185 aerobic 179:185 aerobic 179:185 The strains were obligately aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile. 28771121 3 21 dep aerobic 179:185 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 188:206 Gram-stain-positive 188:206 Gram-stain-positive 188:206 The strains were obligately aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile. 28771121 3 21 dep aerobic 179:185 arg1 motile 239:244 motile 239:244 motile 239:244 The strains were obligately aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile. 28771121 11 22 theme Aneurinibacillus 1718:1733 arg1 sp 1745:1746 the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp 1709:1746 the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp 1709:1746 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 8 23 theme gene 823:826 arg1 comparisons 837:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains 814:863 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they belong to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli. 28771121 11 24 from representative 1634:1647 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 1681:1696 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1671:1696 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1671:1696 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 8 25 theme class 964:968 arg1 Bacilli 970:976 the class Bacilli 960:976 the class Bacilli 960:976 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they belong to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli. 28771121 5 26 theme meso-diaminopimelic 510:528 arg1 acid 530:533 meso-diaminopimelic acid 510:533 meso-diaminopimelic acid 510:533 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 10 27 dep strains 1311:1317 arg1 strains 1311:1317 strains 1311:1317 strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M 1311:1338 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 10 27 dep strains 1311:1317 arg1 1M 1337:1338 1M 1337:1338 1M 1337:1338 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 10 27 dep strains 1311:1317 arg1 1-10M-8-7-50T 1319:1331 1-10M-8-7-50T 1319:1331 1-10M-8-7-50T 1319:1331 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 10 28 theme A. 1415:1416 arg1 18174T 1439:1444 A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T 1415:1444 A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T 1415:1444 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 13 29 theme 563-460T=JCM 1807:1818 arg1 1-10M-8-7-50T 1786:1798 1-10M-8-7-50T 1786:1798 1-10M-8-7-50T (=KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T) 1786:1826 The type strain is 1-10M-8-7-50T (=KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T). 28771121 13 29 theme 563-460T=JCM 1807:1818 arg1 31819T 1820:1825 =KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T 1801:1825 =KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T 1801:1825 The type strain is 1-10M-8-7-50T (=KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T). 28771121 10 30 theme DNA-DNA 1230:1236 arg1 value 1252:1256 The DNA-DNA reassociation value 1226:1256 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M 1226:1292 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 10 30 theme DNA-DNA 1230:1236 arg1 % 1302:1302 >90 % 1298:1302 >90 % 1298:1302 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 0 31 theme Aneurinibacillus 0:15 arg1 sp 27:28 Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp 0:28 Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 0:29 Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 7 32 theme DNA 783:785 arg1 content 791:797 Genomic DNA G+C content 775:797 Genomic DNA G+C content 775:797 Genomic DNA G+C content was 41.9 mol%. 28771121 11 33 theme physiological 1503:1515 arg1 differences 1531:1541 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences 1479:1541 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa 1479:1576 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 9 34 theme % 1073:1073 arg1 similarity 1007:1016 a sequence similarity 996:1016 a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % 996:1174 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 10 35 theme strain 1266:1271 arg1 1-10M-8-7-50T 1273:1285 strain 1-10M-8-7-50T 1266:1285 strain 1-10M-8-7-50T 1266:1285 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 10 36 theme KACC 1434:1437 arg1 18174T 1439:1444 A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T 1415:1444 A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T 1415:1444 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 11 37 theme novel 1654:1658 arg1 species 1660:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 9 38 theme Aneurinibacillus 1080:1095 arg1 ATCC 1113:1116 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 10 39 dep A. 1389:1390 arg1 migulanus 1392:1400 migulanus 1392:1400 migulanus 1392:1400 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 8 40 theme genus 899:903 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 905:920 the genus Aneurinibacillus 895:920 the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli 895:976 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they belong to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli. 28771121 11 41 theme genus 1675:1679 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 1681:1696 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1671:1696 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1671:1696 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 11 42 theme genotypic 1521:1529 arg1 differences 1531:1541 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences 1479:1541 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa 1479:1576 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 9 43 theme % 1131:1131 arg1 similarity 1007:1016 a sequence similarity 996:1016 a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % 996:1174 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 9 44 with % 1174:1174 arg1 B0270T 1060:1065 Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T 1033:1065 Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T 1033:1065 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 9 44 with % 1174:1174 arg1 ATCC 1113:1116 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 8 45 theme family 933:938 arg1 Paenibacillaceae 940:955 the family Paenibacillaceae 929:955 the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli 929:976 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they belong to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli. 28771121 4 46 theme optimum 325:331 arg1 pH 313:314 pH 6.0-8.8 313:322 pH 6.0-8.8 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) 313:343 Both strains were able to grow at 25-60 ˚C (optimum 40-42 ˚C), at pH 6.0-8.8 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl. 28771121 4 46 theme optimum 325:331 arg1 pH 333:334 optimum pH 7.0-7.5 325:342 optimum pH 7.0-7.5 325:342 Both strains were able to grow at 25-60 ˚C (optimum 40-42 ˚C), at pH 6.0-8.8 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl. 28771121 4 47 theme % 360:360 arg1 NaCl 386:389 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl 354:389 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl 354:389 Both strains were able to grow at 25-60 ˚C (optimum 40-42 ˚C), at pH 6.0-8.8 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl. 28771121 2 48 theme lagoon 133:138 arg1 sediments 140:148 lagoon sediments 133:148 lagoon sediments 133:148 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 5 49 theme fatty 417:421 arg1 iso-C15  434:441 iso-C15  434:441 iso-C15  434:441 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 5 49 theme fatty 417:421 arg1 acids 423:427 The predominant cellular fatty acids 392:427 The predominant cellular fatty acids 392:427 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 11 50 theme 1-10M-8-7-50T 1615:1627 arg1 classification 1590:1603 the classification 1586:1603 the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T 1586:1627 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 11 50 theme 1-10M-8-7-50T 1615:1627 arg1 representative 1634:1647 a representative 1632:1647 a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp 1632:1746 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 6 51 theme polar 761:765 arg1 lipids 767:772 polar lipids 761:772 polar lipids 761:772 Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phosphoglycolipids and three unidentified lipids were present as polar lipids. 28771121 11 52 theme Distinct 1479:1486 arg1 differences 1531:1541 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences 1479:1541 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa 1479:1576 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 11 53 theme morphological 1488:1500 arg1 differences 1531:1541 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences 1479:1541 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa 1479:1576 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 9 54 dep Aneurinibacillus 1033:1048 arg1 migulanus 1050:1058 migulanus 1050:1058 migulanus 1050:1058 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 5 55 dep iso-C15  434:441 arg1  0 443:444  0 443:444  0 443:444 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 5 55 dep iso-C15  434:441 arg1 iso-C15  450:457 iso-C15  450:457 iso-C15  450:457 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 5 55 dep iso-C15  434:441 arg1 2-OH 462:465  0 2-OH 459:465 iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH 434:465 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 5 56 theme predominant 396:406 arg1 iso-C15  434:441 iso-C15  434:441 iso-C15  434:441 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 5 56 theme predominant 396:406 arg1 acids 423:427 The predominant cellular fatty acids 392:427 The predominant cellular fatty acids 392:427 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 9 57 with % 1073:1073 arg1 B0270T 1060:1065 Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T 1033:1065 Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T 1033:1065 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 9 57 with % 1073:1073 arg1 ATCC 1113:1116 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 2 58 theme bacterial 73:81 arg1 strains 83:89 Two bacterial strains 69:89 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) 69:112 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 2 58 theme bacterial 73:81 arg1 1M 110:111 1M 110:111 1M 110:111 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 2 58 theme bacterial 73:81 arg1 1-10M-8-7-50T 92:104 1-10M-8-7-50T 92:104 1-10M-8-7-50T 92:104 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 9 59 theme Aneurinibacillus 1208:1223 arg1 members 1187:1193 other members 1181:1193 other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1181:1223 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 9 60 theme sequence 998:1005 arg1 similarity 1007:1016 a sequence similarity 996:1016 a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % 996:1174 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 2 61 dep strains 83:89 arg1 strains 83:89 Two bacterial strains 69:89 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) 69:112 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 2 61 dep strains 83:89 arg1 1M 110:111 1M 110:111 1M 110:111 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 2 61 dep strains 83:89 arg1 1-10M-8-7-50T 92:104 1-10M-8-7-50T 92:104 1-10M-8-7-50T 92:104 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 4 62 dep % 360:360 arg1 % 383:383 optimum 0-0.8 % 369:383 optimum 0-0.8 % 369:383 Both strains were able to grow at 25-60 ˚C (optimum 40-42 ˚C), at pH 6.0-8.8 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl. 28771121 4 62 dep % 360:360 arg1 w/v 363:365 w/v 363:365 w/v 363:365 Both strains were able to grow at 25-60 ˚C (optimum 40-42 ˚C), at pH 6.0-8.8 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl. 28771121 10 63 theme A. 1389:1390 arg1 18173T 1407:1412 A. migulanus KACC 18173T 1389:1412 A. migulanus KACC 18173T 1389:1412 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 9 64 theme % 1026:1026 arg1 similarity 1007:1016 a sequence similarity 996:1016 a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % 996:1174 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 8 65 theme rRNA 818:821 arg1 comparisons 837:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains 814:863 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they belong to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli. 28771121 10 66 theme  related 1377:1384 arg1 35.1±1 1350:1355 35.1±1 1350:1355 35.1±1 1350:1355 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 10 66 theme  related 1377:1384 arg1 % 1376:1376 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % 1358:1376 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33 1358:1462 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 9 67 theme Aneurinibacillus 1033:1048 arg1 B0270T 1060:1065 Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T 1033:1065 Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T 1033:1065 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 1 68 attach isolated 37:44 arg1 lagoon 51:56 lagoon 51:56 lagoon 51:56 nov., isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 1 68 attach isolated 37:44 arg2 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 13 69 theme =KEMB 1801:1805 arg1 1-10M-8-7-50T 1786:1798 1-10M-8-7-50T 1786:1798 1-10M-8-7-50T (=KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T) 1786:1826 The type strain is 1-10M-8-7-50T (=KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T). 28771121 13 69 theme =KEMB 1801:1805 arg1 31819T 1820:1825 =KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T 1801:1825 =KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T 1801:1825 The type strain is 1-10M-8-7-50T (=KEMB 563-460T=JCM 31819T). 28771121 8 70 theme sequence 828:835 arg1 comparisons 837:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains 814:863 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they belong to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli. 28771121 11 71 theme name 1713:1716 arg1 sp 1745:1746 the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp 1709:1746 the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp 1709:1746 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 10 72 theme reassociation 1238:1250 arg1 value 1252:1256 The DNA-DNA reassociation value 1226:1256 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M 1226:1292 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 10 72 theme reassociation 1238:1250 arg1 % 1302:1302 >90 % 1298:1302 >90 % 1298:1302 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 0 73 theme sediminis 17:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp 0:28 Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 0:29 Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 10 74 theme KACC 1402:1405 arg1 18173T 1407:1412 A. migulanus KACC 18173T 1389:1412 A. migulanus KACC 18173T 1389:1412 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 10 75 dep A. 1415:1416 arg1 aneurinilyticus 1418:1432 aneurinilyticus 1418:1432 aneurinilyticus 1418:1432 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 7 76 theme G+C 787:789 arg1 content 791:797 Genomic DNA G+C content 775:797 Genomic DNA G+C content 775:797 Genomic DNA G+C content was 41.9 mol%. 28771121 5 77 theme cell-wall 476:484 arg1 peptidoglycan 486:498 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 472:498 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 472:498 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. 28771121 8 78 theme strains 857:863 arg1 comparisons 837:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains 814:863 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they belong to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae of the class Bacilli. 28771121 7 79 theme Genomic 775:781 arg1 content 791:797 Genomic DNA G+C content 775:797 Genomic DNA G+C content 775:797 Genomic DNA G+C content was 41.9 mol%. 28771121 9 80 theme aneurinilyticus 1097:1111 arg1 ATCC 1113:1116 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 10 81 theme humi 1454:1457 arg1 U33 1460:1462 'A. humi' U33 1450:1462 'A. humi' U33 1450:1462 The DNA-DNA reassociation value between strain 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M was >90 %, while strains 1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M were only 35.1±1, 29.8±1 and 24.5±1 % related to A. migulanus KACC 18173T, A. aneurinilyticus KACC 18174T and 'A. humi' U33, respectively. 28771121 6 82 theme unidentified 725:736 arg1 lipids 738:743 three unidentified lipids 719:743 three unidentified lipids 719:743 Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phosphoglycolipids and three unidentified lipids were present as polar lipids. 28771121 2 83 attach isolated 119:126 arg2 1-10M-8-7-50T 92:104 1-10M-8-7-50T 92:104 1-10M-8-7-50T 92:104 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 2 83 attach isolated 119:126 arg2 strains 83:89 Two bacterial strains 69:89 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) 69:112 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 2 83 attach isolated 119:126 arg2 1M 110:111 1M 110:111 1M 110:111 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 2 83 attach isolated 119:126 arg1 sediments 140:148 lagoon sediments 133:148 lagoon sediments 133:148 Two bacterial strains (1-10M-8-7-50T and 1M) were isolated from lagoon sediments. 28771121 11 84 theme species 1660:1666 arg1 classification 1590:1603 the classification 1586:1603 the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T 1586:1627 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 11 84 theme species 1660:1666 arg1 representative 1634:1647 a representative 1632:1647 a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp 1632:1746 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 11 85 theme described 1563:1571 arg1 taxa 1573:1576 the previously described taxa 1548:1576 the previously described taxa 1548:1576 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain 1-10M-8-7-50T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus sediminis sp. 28771121 4 86 theme optimum 291:297 arg1 25-60 ˚C 281:288 25-60 ˚C 281:288 25-60 ˚C (optimum 40-42 ˚C) 281:307 Both strains were able to grow at 25-60 ˚C (optimum 40-42 ˚C), at pH 6.0-8.8 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl. 28771121 4 86 theme optimum 291:297 arg1 40-42 ˚C 299:306 optimum 40-42 ˚C 291:306 optimum 40-42 ˚C 291:306 Both strains were able to grow at 25-60 ˚C (optimum 40-42 ˚C), at pH 6.0-8.8 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-2.0 % (w/v) (optimum 0-0.8 %) NaCl. 28771121 6 87 theme unidentified 683:694 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 696:713 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 679:713 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 679:713 Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phosphoglycolipids and three unidentified lipids were present as polar lipids. 28771121 9 88 with % 1131:1131 arg1 B0270T 1060:1065 Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T 1033:1065 Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T 1033:1065 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28771121 9 88 with % 1131:1131 arg1 ATCC 1113:1116 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T 1080:1123 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus migulanus B0270T, 97.6 % with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus ATCC 12856T, 97.5 % with 'Aneurinibacillus humi' U33 and <97 % with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 28004743 0 0 theme release 73:79 arg1 larvae 90:95 sustained release mosquito larvae 63:95 sustained release mosquito larvae 63:95 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 28004743 5 1 theme alginate 617:624 arg1 % 683:683 1.0% 680:683 1.0% 680:683 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 5 1 theme alginate 617:624 arg1 concentration 593:605 the optimal concentration 581:605 the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation 581:673 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 7 2 theme mutual 915:920 arg1 effects 922:928 mutual effects 915:928 mutual effects 915:928 The best combined concentration and mutual effects of the three factors were optimized by response surface methodology. 28004743 1 3 theme important 150:158 arg1 Persistence 106:116 Persistence 106:116 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis 106:142 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. 28004743 1 3 theme important 150:158 arg1 factor 160:165 an important factor 147:165 an important factor 147:165 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. 28004743 7 4 theme response 969:976 arg1 methodology 986:996 response surface methodology 969:996 response surface methodology 969:996 The best combined concentration and mutual effects of the three factors were optimized by response surface methodology. 28004743 0 5 theme sustained 63:71 arg1 larvae 90:95 sustained release mosquito larvae 63:95 sustained release mosquito larvae 63:95 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 28004743 6 6 theme glass 829:833 arg1 beads 835:839 sodium alginate and hollow glass beads 802:839 beads 835:839 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 6 6 theme glass 829:833 arg1 interaction 761:771 the interaction 757:771 the interaction of the three factors 757:792 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 7 7 theme combined 888:895 arg1 concentration 897:909 combined concentration 888:909 combined concentration 888:909 The best combined concentration and mutual effects of the three factors were optimized by response surface methodology. 28004743 8 8 theme feed 1190:1193 arg1 % 1198:1198 mouse feed 0.5% 1184:1198 mouse feed 0.5% 1184:1198 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 9 theme rose 1304:1307 arg1 higher 1343:1348 higher 1343:1348 higher 1343:1348 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 9 theme rose 1304:1307 arg1 fold 1317:1320 the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold 1262:1320 the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold 1262:1320 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 0 10 theme larvae 90:95 arg1 studies 97:103 UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies 45:103 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 0:104 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 28004743 6 11 theme hollow 822:827 arg1 beads 835:839 sodium alginate and hollow glass beads 802:839 beads 835:839 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 6 11 theme hollow 822:827 arg1 interaction 761:771 the interaction 757:771 the interaction of the three factors 757:792 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 5 12 theme CaCl2 627:631 arg1 % 683:683 1.0% 680:683 1.0% 680:683 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 5 12 theme CaCl2 627:631 arg1 concentration 593:605 the optimal concentration 581:605 the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation 581:673 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 8 13 from time 1233:1236 arg1 time 1257:1260 time 1257:1260 time 1257:1260 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 0 14 theme mosquito 81:88 arg1 larvae 90:95 sustained release mosquito larvae 63:95 sustained release mosquito larvae 63:95 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 28004743 2 15 theme mosquitocidal 296:308 arg1 formulation 310:320 a highly active mosquitocidal formulation 280:320 a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV 280:347 In this report we present the development of a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV. 28004743 5 16 theme optimal 585:591 arg1 % 683:683 1.0% 680:683 1.0% 680:683 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 5 16 theme optimal 585:591 arg1 concentration 593:605 the optimal concentration 581:605 the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation 581:673 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 7 17 theme best 883:886 arg1 concentration 897:909 combined concentration 888:909 combined concentration 888:909 The best combined concentration and mutual effects of the three factors were optimized by response surface methodology. 28004743 6 18 from alginate 809:816 arg1 formulation 866:876 the sustained-release formulation 844:876 the sustained-release formulation 844:876 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 6 19 theme sodium 802:807 arg1 alginate 809:816 sodium alginate and hollow glass beads 802:839 alginate 809:816 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 6 19 theme sodium 802:807 arg1 interaction 761:771 the interaction 757:771 the interaction of the three factors 757:792 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 6 20 theme Plackett-Burman 715:729 arg1 design 731:736 Plackett-Burman design 715:736 Plackett-Burman design 715:736 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 8 21 theme hollow 1094:1099 arg1 % 1116:1116 hollow glass bead 3.12% 1094:1116 hollow glass bead 3.12% 1094:1116 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 0 22 theme new 2:4 arg1 formulation 6:16 A new formulation 0:16 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 0:104 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 28004743 6 23 from beads 835:839 arg1 formulation 866:876 the sustained-release formulation 844:876 the sustained-release formulation 844:876 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 5 24 theme single-factor 532:544 arg1 experiments 546:556 single-factor experiments 532:556 single-factor experiments 532:556 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 2 25 theme active 289:294 arg1 formulation 310:320 a highly active mosquitocidal formulation 280:320 a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV 280:347 In this report we present the development of a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV. 28004743 7 26 theme surface 978:984 arg1 methodology 986:996 response surface methodology 969:996 response surface methodology 969:996 The best combined concentration and mutual effects of the three factors were optimized by response surface methodology. 28004743 8 27 theme melanin 1142:1148 arg1 % 1155:1155 melanin 0.015% 1142:1155 melanin 0.015% 1142:1155 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 3 28 theme Bt 370:371 arg1 strain 360:365 LLP29-M19 strain 350:365 LLP29-M19 strain 350:365 LLP29-M19 strain of Bt, selected by repeated exposure to UV was found to be highly resistant to UV. 28004743 8 29 theme favorable 1032:1040 arg1 % 1078:1078 sodium alginate 0.78% 1058:1078 sodium alginate 0.78% 1058:1078 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 29 theme favorable 1032:1040 arg1 composition 1042:1052 the most favorable composition 1023:1052 the most favorable composition 1023:1052 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 5 30 theme sodium 610:615 arg1 alginate 617:624 sodium alginate 610:624 sodium alginate 610:624 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 8 31 theme virulence 1294:1302 arg1 higher 1343:1348 higher 1343:1348 higher 1343:1348 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 31 theme virulence 1294:1302 arg1 fold 1317:1320 the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold 1262:1320 the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold 1262:1320 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 3 32 theme LLP29-M19 350:358 arg1 strain 360:365 LLP29-M19 strain 350:365 LLP29-M19 strain 350:365 LLP29-M19 strain of Bt, selected by repeated exposure to UV was found to be highly resistant to UV. 28004743 8 33 theme 2391.67 1309:1315 arg1 higher 1343:1348 higher 1343:1348 higher 1343:1348 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 33 theme 2391.67 1309:1315 arg1 fold 1317:1320 the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold 1262:1320 the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold 1262:1320 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 34 theme bead 1107:1110 arg1 % 1116:1116 hollow glass bead 3.12% 1094:1116 hollow glass bead 3.12% 1094:1116 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 2 35 with formulation 310:320 arg1 resistance 332:341 high resistance 327:341 high resistance to UV 327:347 In this report we present the development of a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV. 28004743 8 36 theme immobilization 1218:1231 arg1 time 1233:1236 the immobilization time 1214:1236 the immobilization time 1214:1236 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 6 37 used used 742:745 arg2 design 731:736 Plackett-Burman design 715:736 Plackett-Burman design 715:736 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 0 38 theme thuringiensis 30:42 arg1 formulation 6:16 A new formulation 0:16 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 0:104 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 28004743 5 39 from concentration 593:605 arg1 formulation 663:673 the formulation 659:673 the formulation 659:673 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 8 40 theme sodium 1158:1163 arg1 % 1177:1177 sodium benzoate 0.2% 1158:1177 sodium benzoate 0.2% 1158:1177 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 7 41 dep concentration 897:909 arg1 The 879:881 The 879:881 The 879:881 The best combined concentration and mutual effects of the three factors were optimized by response surface methodology. 28004743 1 42 theme product 202:208 arg1 success 186:192 the success 182:192 the success of this product 182:208 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. 28004743 1 42 theme product 202:208 arg1 agent 228:232 a pest control agent 213:232 a pest control agent 213:232 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. 28004743 3 43 theme repeated 386:393 arg1 exposure 395:402 repeated exposure 386:402 repeated exposure to UV 386:408 LLP29-M19 strain of Bt, selected by repeated exposure to UV was found to be highly resistant to UV. 28004743 6 44 theme factors 786:792 arg1 alginate 809:816 sodium alginate and hollow glass beads 802:839 alginate 809:816 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 6 44 theme factors 786:792 arg1 beads 835:839 sodium alginate and hollow glass beads 802:839 beads 835:839 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 6 44 theme factors 786:792 arg1 interaction 761:771 the interaction 757:771 the interaction of the three factors 757:792 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 6 44 theme factors 786:792 arg1 CaCl2 795:799 CaCl2 795:799 CaCl2 795:799 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 8 45 theme 4.5 h 1241:1245 arg1 time 1233:1236 the immobilization time 1214:1236 the immobilization time 1214:1236 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 7 46 theme factors 943:949 arg1 effects 922:928 mutual effects 915:928 mutual effects 915:928 The best combined concentration and mutual effects of the three factors were optimized by response surface methodology. 28004743 7 46 theme factors 943:949 arg1 concentration 897:909 combined concentration 888:909 combined concentration 888:909 The best combined concentration and mutual effects of the three factors were optimized by response surface methodology. 28004743 0 47 theme UV 45:46 arg1 protection 48:57 UV protection 45:57 UV protection 45:57 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 28004743 5 48 theme hollow 637:642 arg1 beads 650:654 hollow glass beads 637:654 hollow glass beads 637:654 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 8 49 theme alginate 1065:1072 arg1 % 1078:1078 sodium alginate 0.78% 1058:1078 sodium alginate 0.78% 1058:1078 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 49 theme alginate 1065:1072 arg1 composition 1042:1052 the most favorable composition 1023:1052 the most favorable composition 1023:1052 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 50 theme sodium 1058:1063 arg1 % 1078:1078 sodium alginate 0.78% 1058:1078 sodium alginate 0.78% 1058:1078 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 50 theme sodium 1058:1063 arg1 composition 1042:1052 the most favorable composition 1023:1052 the most favorable composition 1023:1052 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 2 51 theme high 327:330 arg1 resistance 332:341 high resistance 327:341 high resistance to UV 327:347 In this report we present the development of a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV. 28004743 8 52 theme bacterial 1119:1127 arg1 % 1139:1139 bacterial powder 3.0% 1119:1139 bacterial powder 3.0% 1119:1139 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 6 53 theme sustained-release 848:864 arg1 formulation 866:876 the sustained-release formulation 844:876 the sustained-release formulation 844:876 Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. 28004743 5 54 theme glass 644:648 arg1 beads 650:654 hollow glass beads 637:654 hollow glass beads 637:654 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 8 55 theme benzoate 1165:1172 arg1 % 1177:1177 sodium benzoate 0.2% 1158:1177 sodium benzoate 0.2% 1158:1177 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 2 56 attach present 253:259 arg2 we 250:251 we 250:251 we 250:251 In this report we present the development of a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV. 28004743 2 56 attach present 253:259 arg1 report 243:248 this report 238:248 this report 238:248 In this report we present the development of a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV. 28004743 5 57 theme beads 650:654 arg1 % 683:683 1.0% 680:683 1.0% 680:683 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 5 57 theme beads 650:654 arg1 concentration 593:605 the optimal concentration 581:605 the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation 581:673 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 2 58 theme formulation 310:320 arg1 development 265:275 the development 261:275 the development of a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV 261:347 In this report we present the development of a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV. 28004743 0 59 dep formulation 6:16 arg1 studies 97:103 UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies 45:103 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 0:104 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 28004743 1 60 theme thuringiensis 130:142 arg1 Persistence 106:116 Persistence 106:116 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis 106:142 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. 28004743 1 60 theme thuringiensis 130:142 arg1 factor 160:165 an important factor 147:165 an important factor 147:165 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. 28004743 8 61 theme powder 1129:1134 arg1 % 1139:1139 bacterial powder 3.0% 1119:1139 bacterial powder 3.0% 1119:1139 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 1 62 theme pest 215:218 arg1 agent 228:232 a pest control agent 213:232 a pest control agent 213:232 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. 28004743 1 62 theme pest 215:218 arg1 success 186:192 the success 182:192 the success of this product 182:208 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. 28004743 8 63 theme basic 1359:1363 arg1 formulation 1365:1375 the basic formulation 1355:1375 the basic formulation 1355:1375 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 64 theme sustained-release 1276:1292 arg1 higher 1343:1348 higher 1343:1348 higher 1343:1348 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 64 theme sustained-release 1276:1292 arg1 fold 1317:1320 the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold 1262:1320 the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold 1262:1320 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 65 theme mouse 1184:1188 arg1 % 1198:1198 mouse feed 0.5% 1184:1198 mouse feed 0.5% 1184:1198 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 5 66 dep determined 565:574 arg1 Using 526:530 Using 526:530 Using single-factor experiments 526:556 Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. 28004743 1 67 theme control 220:226 arg1 agent 228:232 a pest control agent 213:232 a pest control agent 213:232 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. 28004743 1 67 theme control 220:226 arg1 success 186:192 the success 182:192 the success of this product 182:208 Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. 28004743 0 68 theme protection 48:57 arg1 studies 97:103 UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies 45:103 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 0:104 A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. 28004743 8 69 theme corrected 1266:1274 arg1 higher 1343:1348 higher 1343:1348 higher 1343:1348 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 69 theme corrected 1266:1274 arg1 fold 1317:1320 the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold 1262:1320 the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold 1262:1320 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 70 theme glass 1101:1105 arg1 % 1116:1116 hollow glass bead 3.12% 1094:1116 hollow glass bead 3.12% 1094:1116 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 28004743 8 71 theme CaCl2 1081:1085 arg1 % 1091:1091 CaCl2 4.52% 1081:1091 CaCl2 4.52% 1081:1091 The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM. 25809681 4 0 theme rutin 765:769 arg1 supplementation 890:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 8 1 theme plasma 1539:1544 arg1 concentration 1552:1564 plasma IGF-I concentration 1539:1564 plasma IGF-I concentration 1539:1564 Sucrose had little effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and plasma IGF-I concentration but reduced the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2). 25809681 5 2 theme in 1187:1188 arg1 rates 1213:1217 in vivo protein synthesis rates 1187:1217 in vivo protein synthesis rates 1187:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 2 3 theme muscle 336:341 arg1 synthesis 351:359 muscle protein synthesis 336:359 muscle protein synthesis 336:359 These 3 factors could reduce meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and thus aggravate the age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). 25809681 1 4 theme oxidative 237:245 arg1 stress 247:252 oxidative stress 237:252 oxidative stress 237:252 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 12 5 theme oxidative 2244:2252 arg1 stress 2254:2259 oxidative stress 2244:2259 oxidative stress 2244:2259 This effect could be explained by a decrease of insulin sensitivity rather than by changes in plasma IGF-I, inflammation, and/or oxidative stress. 25809681 10 6 theme protein 1935:1941 arg1 synthesis 1943:1951 muscle protein synthesis 1928:1951 muscle protein synthesis 1928:1951 R supplementation slightly but significantly reduced oxidative stress and increased muscle protein concentration (+4%) but did not restore postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 11 7 theme male 2026:2029 arg1 rats 2031:2034 older male rats 2020:2034 older male rats 2020:2034 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 5 8 theme protein 1195:1201 arg1 rates 1213:1217 in vivo protein synthesis rates 1187:1217 in vivo protein synthesis rates 1187:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 6 9 dep mass 1279:1282 arg1 % 1289:1289 -8.1% 1285:1289 -8.1% 1285:1289 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 6 9 dep mass 1279:1282 arg1 % 1299:1299 -5.4% 1295:1299 -5.4% 1295:1299 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 12 10 theme sensitivity 2171:2181 arg1 decrease 2151:2158 a decrease 2149:2158 a decrease of insulin sensitivity 2149:2181 This effect could be explained by a decrease of insulin sensitivity rather than by changes in plasma IGF-I, inflammation, and/or oxidative stress. 25809681 5 11 theme glutathione 1156:1166 arg1 concentration 1168:1180 glutathione concentration 1156:1180 glutathione concentration 1156:1180 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 10 12 theme R 1761:1761 arg1 supplementation 1763:1777 R supplementation 1761:1777 R supplementation 1761:1777 R supplementation slightly but significantly reduced oxidative stress and increased muscle protein concentration (+4%) but did not restore postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 4 13 theme starch 644:649 arg1 fed 651:653 starch fed 644:653 starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) 644:693 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 8 14 theme insulin 1582:1588 arg1 index 1602:1606 the insulin sensitivity index 1578:1606 the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2) 1578:1621 Sucrose had little effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and plasma IGF-I concentration but reduced the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2). 25809681 1 15 theme added 182:186 arg1 sugars 188:193 added sugars 182:193 added sugars 182:193 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 11 16 theme stimulation 2074:2084 arg1 alteration 2047:2056 an alteration 2044:2056 an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis 2044:2112 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 4 17 theme E 794:794 arg1 supplementation 890:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 4 18 theme zinc 874:877 arg1 supplementation 890:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 0 19 theme Muscle 115:120 arg1 Synthesis 130:138 Muscle Protein Synthesis 115:138 Muscle Protein Synthesis 115:138 Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis. 25809681 6 20 theme body 1274:1277 arg1 mass 1279:1282 lean body mass 1269:1282 lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) 1269:1314 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 9 21 theme Meal-induced 1624:1635 arg1 stimulation 1637:1647 Meal-induced stimulation 1624:1647 Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis 1624:1675 Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis was significantly lower in sucrose-fed rats (+7.3%) than in starch-fed rats (+22%). 25809681 4 22 theme 16-mo-old 619:627 arg1 rats 634:637 16-mo-old male rats 619:637 16-mo-old male rats 619:637 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 6 23 theme fat 1334:1336 arg1 mass 1338:1341 more fat mass 1329:1341 more fat mass 1329:1341 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 10 24 theme muscle 1845:1850 arg1 concentration 1860:1872 muscle protein concentration 1845:1872 muscle protein concentration 1845:1872 R supplementation slightly but significantly reduced oxidative stress and increased muscle protein concentration (+4%) but did not restore postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 3 25 theme agents 577:582 arg1 capacity 530:537 the capacity 526:537 the capacity of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to prevent this 526:598 OBJECTIVES Our aims were to determine if added sugars could accelerate sarcopenia and to assess the capacity of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to prevent this. 25809681 7 26 theme starch-fed 1432:1441 arg1 rats 1443:1446 starch-fed rats 1432:1446 starch-fed rats 1432:1446 Final muscle mass was 11% higher in starch-fed rats than in sucrose-fed rats. 25809681 9 27 theme protein 1659:1665 arg1 synthesis 1667:1675 muscle protein synthesis 1652:1675 muscle protein synthesis 1652:1675 Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis was significantly lower in sucrose-fed rats (+7.3%) than in starch-fed rats (+22%). 25809681 4 28 theme % 674:674 arg1 diet 689:692 49% wheat starch diet 672:692 49% wheat starch diet 672:692 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 5 29 dep in 1187:1188 arg1 vivo 1190:1193 vivo 1190:1193 vivo 1190:1193 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 12 30 theme plasma 2209:2214 arg1 IGF-I 2216:2220 plasma IGF-I 2209:2220 plasma IGF-I 2209:2220 This effect could be explained by a decrease of insulin sensitivity rather than by changes in plasma IGF-I, inflammation, and/or oxidative stress. 25809681 5 31 theme antioxidant 1039:1049 arg1 status 1051:1056 total antioxidant status 1033:1056 total antioxidant status 1033:1056 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 0 32 theme Male 58:61 arg1 Rats 63:66 Older Male Rats 52:66 Older Male Rats 52:66 Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis. 25809681 8 33 theme little 1486:1491 arg1 effect 1493:1498 little effect 1486:1498 little effect 1486:1498 Sucrose had little effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and plasma IGF-I concentration but reduced the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2). 25809681 4 34 dep fed 706:708 arg1 sucrose 715:721 62% sucrose 711:721 62% sucrose 711:721 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 4 34 dep fed 706:708 arg1 diet 743:746 0% wheat starch diet 727:746 0% wheat starch diet 727:746 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 6 35 dep retained 1320:1327 arg1 % 1348:1348 +0.2% 1344:1348 +0.2% 1344:1348 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 6 35 dep retained 1320:1327 arg1 % 1357:1357 -33% 1354:1357 -33% 1354:1357 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 4 36 theme % 658:658 arg1 sucrose 660:666 13% sucrose 656:666 13% sucrose 656:666 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 1 37 theme high 159:162 arg1 Today 152:156 BACKGROUND Today 141:156 BACKGROUND Today 141:156 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 1 37 theme high 159:162 arg1 intake 172:177 high chronic intake 159:177 high chronic intake of added sugars 159:193 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 9 38 theme sucrose-fed 1704:1714 arg1 rats 1716:1719 sucrose-fed rats 1704:1719 sucrose-fed rats (+7.3%) 1704:1727 Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis was significantly lower in sucrose-fed rats (+7.3%) than in starch-fed rats (+22%). 25809681 9 38 theme sucrose-fed 1704:1714 arg1 % 1726:1726 +7.3% 1722:1726 +7.3% 1722:1726 Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis was significantly lower in sucrose-fed rats (+7.3%) than in starch-fed rats (+22%). 25809681 4 39 theme sucrose 698:704 arg1 fed 706:708 sucrose fed 698:708 sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) 698:747 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 7 40 theme Final 1396:1400 arg1 mass 1409:1412 Final muscle mass 1396:1412 Final muscle mass 1396:1412 Final muscle mass was 11% higher in starch-fed rats than in sucrose-fed rats. 25809681 4 41 theme vitamin 807:813 arg1 A 815:815 vitamin A 807:815 vitamin A (2 times) 807:825 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 4 41 theme vitamin 807:813 arg1 times 820:824 2 times 818:824 2 times 818:824 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 5 42 theme rates 1213:1217 arg1 evolution 923:931 the evolution 919:931 the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates 919:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 5 43 theme oral-glucose-tolerance 1080:1101 arg1 sensitivity 1067:1077 insulin sensitivity 1059:1077 insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test) 1059:1107 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 5 43 theme oral-glucose-tolerance 1080:1101 arg1 test 1103:1106 oral-glucose-tolerance test 1080:1106 oral-glucose-tolerance test 1080:1106 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 2 44 theme age-related 384:394 arg1 loss 396:399 the age-related loss 380:399 the age-related loss of muscle mass 380:414 These 3 factors could reduce meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and thus aggravate the age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). 25809681 4 45 dep fed 651:653 arg1 diet 689:692 49% wheat starch diet 672:692 49% wheat starch diet 672:692 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 4 45 dep fed 651:653 arg1 sucrose 660:666 13% sucrose 656:666 13% sucrose 656:666 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 11 46 theme protein 2096:2102 arg1 synthesis 2104:2112 muscle protein synthesis 2089:2112 muscle protein synthesis 2089:2112 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 4 47 theme starch 682:687 arg1 diet 689:692 49% wheat starch diet 672:692 49% wheat starch diet 672:692 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 0 48 theme Chronic 0:6 arg1 Intake 8:13 Chronic Intake 0:13 Chronic Intake of Sucrose 0:24 Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis. 25809681 8 49 contain had 1482:1484 arg1 Sucrose 1474:1480 Sucrose 1474:1480 Sucrose 1474:1480 Sucrose had little effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and plasma IGF-I concentration but reduced the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2). 25809681 8 49 contain had 1482:1484 arg2 effect 1493:1498 little effect 1486:1498 little effect 1486:1498 Sucrose had little effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and plasma IGF-I concentration but reduced the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2). 25809681 2 50 theme mass 411:414 arg1 loss 396:399 the age-related loss 380:399 the age-related loss of muscle mass 380:414 These 3 factors could reduce meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and thus aggravate the age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). 25809681 11 51 theme synthesis 2104:2112 arg1 stimulation 2074:2084 postprandial stimulation 2061:2084 postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis 2061:2112 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 9 52 theme starch-fed 1737:1746 arg1 rats 1748:1751 starch-fed rats 1737:1751 starch-fed rats 1737:1751 Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis was significantly lower in sucrose-fed rats (+7.3%) than in starch-fed rats (+22%). 25809681 4 53 theme % 728:728 arg1 diet 743:746 0% wheat starch diet 727:746 0% wheat starch diet 727:746 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 5 54 theme sensitivity 1067:1077 arg1 evolution 923:931 the evolution 919:931 the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates 919:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 10 55 theme oxidative 1814:1822 arg1 stress 1824:1829 oxidative stress 1814:1829 oxidative stress 1814:1829 R supplementation slightly but significantly reduced oxidative stress and increased muscle protein concentration (+4%) but did not restore postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 10 56 dep reduced 1806:1812 arg1 % 1877:1877 +4% 1875:1877 +4% 1875:1877 R supplementation slightly but significantly reduced oxidative stress and increased muscle protein concentration (+4%) but did not restore postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 4 57 theme D 836:836 arg1 supplementation 890:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 4 58 theme starch 736:741 arg1 diet 743:746 0% wheat starch diet 727:746 0% wheat starch diet 727:746 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 5 59 theme dismutase 1136:1144 arg1 activity 1146:1153 superoxide dismutase activity 1125:1153 superoxide dismutase activity 1125:1153 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 2 60 dep aggravate 370:378 arg1 sarcopenia 417:426 sarcopenia 417:426 sarcopenia 417:426 These 3 factors could reduce meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and thus aggravate the age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). 25809681 2 61 theme meal-induced 308:319 arg1 stimulation 321:331 meal-induced stimulation 308:331 meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis 308:359 These 3 factors could reduce meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and thus aggravate the age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). 25809681 5 62 theme plasma 971:976 arg1 IGF-I 1008:1012 IGF-I 1008:1012 IGF-I 1008:1012 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 5 62 theme plasma 971:976 arg1 factor 998:1003 plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 971:1005 plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration 971:1027 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 5 63 theme muscle 1110:1115 arg1 weight 1117:1122 muscle weight 1110:1122 muscle weight 1110:1122 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 5 64 theme growth 991:996 arg1 IGF-I 1008:1012 IGF-I 1008:1012 IGF-I 1008:1012 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 5 64 theme growth 991:996 arg1 factor 998:1003 plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 971:1005 plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration 971:1027 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 12 65 from changes 2198:2204 arg1 inflammation 2223:2234 inflammation 2223:2234 inflammation 2223:2234 This effect could be explained by a decrease of insulin sensitivity rather than by changes in plasma IGF-I, inflammation, and/or oxidative stress. 25809681 12 65 from changes 2198:2204 arg1 IGF-I 2216:2220 plasma IGF-I 2209:2220 plasma IGF-I 2209:2220 This effect could be explained by a decrease of insulin sensitivity rather than by changes in plasma IGF-I, inflammation, and/or oxidative stress. 25809681 12 65 from changes 2198:2204 arg1 stress 2254:2259 oxidative stress 2244:2259 oxidative stress 2244:2259 This effect could be explained by a decrease of insulin sensitivity rather than by changes in plasma IGF-I, inflammation, and/or oxidative stress. 25809681 4 66 theme selenium 849:856 arg1 supplementation 890:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 8 67 theme IGF-I 1546:1550 arg1 concentration 1552:1564 plasma IGF-I concentration 1539:1564 plasma IGF-I concentration 1539:1564 Sucrose had little effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and plasma IGF-I concentration but reduced the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2). 25809681 2 68 theme protein 343:349 arg1 synthesis 351:359 muscle protein synthesis 336:359 muscle protein synthesis 336:359 These 3 factors could reduce meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and thus aggravate the age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). 25809681 5 69 theme composition 941:951 arg1 evolution 923:931 the evolution 919:931 the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates 919:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 10 70 theme synthesis 1943:1951 arg1 stimulation 1913:1923 postprandial stimulation 1900:1923 postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis 1900:1951 R supplementation slightly but significantly reduced oxidative stress and increased muscle protein concentration (+4%) but did not restore postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 11 71 theme older 2020:2024 arg1 rats 2031:2034 older male rats 2020:2034 older male rats 2020:2034 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 5 72 theme inflammation 957:968 arg1 evolution 923:931 the evolution 919:931 the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates 919:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 10 73 theme muscle 1928:1933 arg1 synthesis 1943:1951 muscle protein synthesis 1928:1951 muscle protein synthesis 1928:1951 R supplementation slightly but significantly reduced oxidative stress and increased muscle protein concentration (+4%) but did not restore postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 5 74 theme synthesis 1203:1211 arg1 rates 1213:1217 in vivo protein synthesis rates 1187:1217 in vivo protein synthesis rates 1187:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 1 75 theme chronic 164:170 arg1 Today 152:156 BACKGROUND Today 141:156 BACKGROUND Today 141:156 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 1 75 theme chronic 164:170 arg1 intake 172:177 high chronic intake 159:177 high chronic intake of added sugars 159:193 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 8 76 dep index 1602:1606 arg1 divided 1609:1615 divided 1609:1615 divided by 2 1609:1620 Sucrose had little effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and plasma IGF-I concentration but reduced the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2). 25809681 7 77 theme sucrose-fed 1456:1466 arg1 rats 1468:1471 sucrose-fed rats 1456:1471 sucrose-fed rats 1456:1471 Final muscle mass was 11% higher in starch-fed rats than in sucrose-fed rats. 25809681 4 78 theme male 629:632 arg1 rats 634:637 16-mo-old male rats 619:637 16-mo-old male rats 619:637 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 8 79 theme sensitivity 1590:1600 arg1 index 1602:1606 the insulin sensitivity index 1578:1606 the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2) 1578:1621 Sucrose had little effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and plasma IGF-I concentration but reduced the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2). 25809681 5 80 theme concentration 1168:1180 arg1 evolution 923:931 the evolution 919:931 the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates 919:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 3 81 theme antioxidants 542:553 arg1 capacity 530:537 the capacity 526:537 the capacity of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to prevent this 526:598 OBJECTIVES Our aims were to determine if added sugars could accelerate sarcopenia and to assess the capacity of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to prevent this. 25809681 11 82 theme chronic 1971:1977 arg1 intake 1987:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake 1954:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake 1954:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 0 83 theme Protein 122:128 arg1 Synthesis 130:138 Muscle Protein Synthesis 115:138 Muscle Protein Synthesis 115:138 Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis. 25809681 11 84 from sarcopenia 2006:2015 arg1 rats 2031:2034 older male rats 2020:2034 older male rats 2020:2034 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 9 85 dep lower 1695:1699 arg1 % 1757:1757 +22% 1754:1757 +22% 1754:1757 Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis was significantly lower in sucrose-fed rats (+7.3%) than in starch-fed rats (+22%). 25809681 1 86 theme sugars 188:193 arg1 Today 152:156 BACKGROUND Today 141:156 BACKGROUND Today 141:156 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 1 86 theme sugars 188:193 arg1 intake 172:177 high chronic intake 159:177 high chronic intake of added sugars 159:193 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 4 87 theme vitamin 786:792 arg1 E 794:794 vitamin E 786:794 vitamin E (4 times) 786:804 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 4 87 theme vitamin 786:792 arg1 times 799:803 4 times 797:803 4 times 797:803 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 0 88 from Alterations 76:86 arg1 Synthesis 130:138 Muscle Protein Synthesis 115:138 Muscle Protein Synthesis 115:138 Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis. 25809681 0 88 from Alterations 76:86 arg1 Sensitivity 99:109 Insulin Sensitivity 91:109 Insulin Sensitivity 91:109 Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis. 25809681 11 89 theme CONCLUSIONS 1954:1964 arg1 intake 1987:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake 1954:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake 1954:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 6 90 theme lean 1269:1272 arg1 mass 1279:1282 lean body mass 1269:1282 lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) 1269:1314 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 10 91 theme protein 1852:1858 arg1 concentration 1860:1872 muscle protein concentration 1845:1872 muscle protein concentration 1845:1872 R supplementation slightly but significantly reduced oxidative stress and increased muscle protein concentration (+4%) but did not restore postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 3 92 theme anti-inflammatory 559:575 arg1 agents 577:582 anti-inflammatory agents 559:582 anti-inflammatory agents 559:582 OBJECTIVES Our aims were to determine if added sugars could accelerate sarcopenia and to assess the capacity of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to prevent this. 25809681 6 93 theme more 1329:1332 arg1 mass 1338:1341 more fat mass 1329:1341 more fat mass 1329:1341 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 4 94 theme g/kg 774:777 arg1 rutin 765:769 rutin 765:769 rutin (5 g/kg diet) 765:783 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 4 94 theme g/kg 774:777 arg1 diet 779:782 5 g/kg diet 772:782 5 g/kg diet 772:782 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 6 95 theme starch-fed 1379:1388 arg1 rats 1390:1393 starch-fed rats 1379:1393 starch-fed rats 1379:1393 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 9 96 theme muscle 1652:1657 arg1 synthesis 1667:1675 muscle protein synthesis 1652:1675 muscle protein synthesis 1652:1675 Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis was significantly lower in sucrose-fed rats (+7.3%) than in starch-fed rats (+22%). 25809681 5 97 theme concentration 1015:1027 arg1 evolution 923:931 the evolution 919:931 the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates 919:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 4 98 theme % 713:713 arg1 sucrose 715:721 62% sucrose 711:721 62% sucrose 711:721 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 11 99 theme postprandial 2061:2072 arg1 stimulation 2074:2084 postprandial stimulation 2061:2084 postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis 2061:2112 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 9 100 theme synthesis 1667:1675 arg1 stimulation 1637:1647 Meal-induced stimulation 1624:1647 Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis 1624:1675 Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis was significantly lower in sucrose-fed rats (+7.3%) than in starch-fed rats (+22%). 25809681 4 101 theme 49 672:673 arg1 % 674:674 % 674:674 % 674:674 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 5 102 theme total 1033:1037 arg1 status 1051:1056 total antioxidant status 1033:1056 total antioxidant status 1033:1056 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 1 103 theme BACKGROUND 141:150 arg1 Today 152:156 BACKGROUND Today 141:156 BACKGROUND Today 141:156 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 1 103 theme BACKGROUND 141:150 arg1 intake 172:177 high chronic intake 159:177 high chronic intake of added sugars 159:193 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 4 104 theme A 815:815 arg1 supplementation 890:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation 765:904 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 4 105 theme 13 656:657 arg1 % 658:658 % 658:658 % 658:658 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 0 106 theme Insulin 91:97 arg1 Sensitivity 99:109 Insulin Sensitivity 91:109 Insulin Sensitivity 91:109 Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis. 25809681 12 107 theme insulin 2163:2169 arg1 sensitivity 2171:2181 insulin sensitivity 2163:2181 insulin sensitivity 2163:2181 This effect could be explained by a decrease of insulin sensitivity rather than by changes in plasma IGF-I, inflammation, and/or oxidative stress. 25809681 7 108 theme muscle 1402:1407 arg1 mass 1409:1412 Final muscle mass 1396:1412 Final muscle mass 1396:1412 Final muscle mass was 11% higher in starch-fed rats than in sucrose-fed rats. 25809681 0 109 from Sarcopenia 38:47 arg1 Rats 63:66 Older Male Rats 52:66 Older Male Rats 52:66 Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis. 25809681 11 110 theme muscle 2089:2094 arg1 synthesis 2104:2112 muscle protein synthesis 2089:2112 muscle protein synthesis 2089:2112 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 8 111 theme oxidative 1517:1525 arg1 stress 1527:1532 oxidative stress 1517:1532 oxidative stress 1517:1532 Sucrose had little effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and plasma IGF-I concentration but reduced the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2). 25809681 10 112 theme postprandial 1900:1911 arg1 stimulation 1913:1923 postprandial stimulation 1900:1923 postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis 1900:1951 R supplementation slightly but significantly reduced oxidative stress and increased muscle protein concentration (+4%) but did not restore postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 4 113 theme wheat 676:680 arg1 diet 689:692 49% wheat starch diet 672:692 49% wheat starch diet 672:692 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 5 114 theme status 1051:1056 arg1 evolution 923:931 the evolution 919:931 the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates 919:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 0 115 theme Sucrose 18:24 arg1 Intake 8:13 Chronic Intake 0:13 Chronic Intake of Sucrose 0:24 Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis. 25809681 1 116 theme insulin 259:265 arg1 resistance 267:276 insulin resistance 259:276 insulin resistance 259:276 BACKGROUND Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. 25809681 11 117 theme sucrose 1979:1985 arg1 intake 1987:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake 1954:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake 1954:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 11 118 theme High 1966:1969 arg1 intake 1987:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake 1954:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake 1954:1992 CONCLUSIONS High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. 25809681 5 119 theme insulin 1059:1065 arg1 sensitivity 1067:1077 insulin sensitivity 1059:1077 insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test) 1059:1107 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 5 119 theme insulin 1059:1065 arg1 test 1103:1106 oral-glucose-tolerance test 1080:1106 oral-glucose-tolerance test 1080:1106 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 2 120 theme muscle 404:409 arg1 mass 411:414 muscle mass 404:414 muscle mass 404:414 These 3 factors could reduce meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and thus aggravate the age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). 25809681 5 121 theme body 936:939 arg1 composition 941:951 body composition 936:951 body composition 936:951 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 4 122 theme 0 727:727 arg1 % 728:728 % 728:728 % 728:728 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 5 123 theme superoxide 1125:1134 arg1 activity 1146:1153 superoxide dismutase activity 1125:1153 superoxide dismutase activity 1125:1153 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 0 124 theme Older 52:56 arg1 Rats 63:66 Older Male Rats 52:66 Older Male Rats 52:66 Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis. 25809681 4 125 theme vitamin 828:834 arg1 D 836:836 vitamin D 828:836 vitamin D (5 times) 828:846 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 4 125 theme vitamin 828:834 arg1 times 841:845 5 times 839:845 5 times 839:845 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 4 126 theme wheat 730:734 arg1 diet 743:746 0% wheat starch diet 727:746 0% wheat starch diet 727:746 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 5 127 theme activity 1146:1153 arg1 evolution 923:931 the evolution 919:931 the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates 919:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 3 128 theme added 471:475 arg1 sugars 477:482 added sugars 471:482 added sugars 471:482 OBJECTIVES Our aims were to determine if added sugars could accelerate sarcopenia and to assess the capacity of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to prevent this. 25809681 3 129 dep OBJECTIVES 430:439 arg1 were 450:453 were 450:453 were to determine if added sugars could accelerate sarcopenia and to assess the capacity of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to prevent this 450:598 OBJECTIVES Our aims were to determine if added sugars could accelerate sarcopenia and to assess the capacity of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to prevent this. 25809681 6 130 dep RESULTS 1220:1226 arg1 lost 1245:1248 lost 1245:1248 lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) 1245:1314 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 6 130 dep RESULTS 1220:1226 arg1 retained 1320:1327 retained 1320:1327 retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats 1320:1393 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 4 131 theme 62 711:712 arg1 % 713:713 % 713:713 % 713:713 METHODS For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. 25809681 5 132 theme insulin-like 978:989 arg1 IGF-I 1008:1012 IGF-I 1008:1012 IGF-I 1008:1012 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 5 132 theme insulin-like 978:989 arg1 factor 998:1003 plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 971:1005 plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration 971:1027 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 5 133 theme weight 1117:1122 arg1 evolution 923:931 the evolution 919:931 the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates 919:1217 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 25809681 2 134 theme synthesis 351:359 arg1 stimulation 321:331 meal-induced stimulation 308:331 meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis 308:359 These 3 factors could reduce meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and thus aggravate the age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). 25809681 6 135 theme Sucrose-fed 1228:1238 arg1 rats 1240:1243 Sucrose-fed rats 1228:1243 Sucrose-fed rats 1228:1243 RESULTS Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. 25809681 5 136 theme factor 998:1003 arg1 concentration 1015:1027 plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration 971:1027 plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration 971:1027 We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates. 28235561 0 0 theme fitness 110:116 arg1 evidence 118:125 psychrotolerant fitness evidence 94:125 psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature 94:158 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 provides psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 9 1 theme rusticyanin 1279:1289 arg1 proteins 1291:1298 rusticyanin proteins 1279:1298 rusticyanin proteins 1279:1298 In addition, comparison of rusticyanin proteins revealed that RusB has better intrinsic flexibility than RusA. 28235561 5 2 theme GC 904:905 arg1 content 907:913 56.55% GC content 897:913 56.55% GC content 897:913 The genome comprised 3,298,172 bp and 56.55% GC content. 28235561 3 3 from temperatures 570:581 arg1 mechanism 553:561 the oxidation mechanism 539:561 the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures 539:581 In the present paper, we conducted a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures, with emphasis placed on trehalose and the Rus operon. 28235561 0 4 theme psychrotolerant 94:108 arg1 evidence 118:125 psychrotolerant fitness evidence 94:125 psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature 94:158 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 provides psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 9 5 theme proteins 1291:1298 arg1 comparison 1265:1274 comparison 1265:1274 comparison of rusticyanin proteins 1265:1298 In addition, comparison of rusticyanin proteins revealed that RusB has better intrinsic flexibility than RusA. 28235561 10 6 theme low 1490:1492 arg1 temperature 1494:1504 low temperature 1490:1504 low temperature 1490:1504 This comparison suggests psychrotolerant fitness and supports the genetic canalization of A. ferrivorans PQ33 for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 1 7 theme low 203:205 arg1 temperatures 207:218 low temperatures 203:218 low temperatures 203:218 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy at low temperatures is principally promoted by Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans. 28235561 8 8 theme comparative 1152:1162 arg1 analysis 1164:1171 comparative analysis 1152:1171 comparative analysis of the trehalose operon 1152:1195 Furthermore, comparative analysis of the trehalose operon suggested the presence of a horizontal transfer event. 28235561 7 9 theme peptidyl-prolyl 1078:1092 arg1 PPIases 1115:1121 PPIases 1115:1121 PPIases 1115:1121 Moreover, five genes of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIases) were observed. 28235561 7 9 theme peptidyl-prolyl 1078:1092 arg1 isomerase 1104:1112 peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase 1078:1112 peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIases) 1078:1122 Moreover, five genes of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIases) were observed. 28235561 7 10 theme isomerase 1104:1112 arg1 genes 1069:1073 five genes 1064:1073 five genes of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIases) 1064:1122 Moreover, five genes of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIases) were observed. 28235561 6 11 theme ferrivorans 993:1003 arg1 genome 980:985 the genome 976:985 the genome of A. ferrivorans PQ33 976:1008 In contrast to ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains, the genome of A. ferrivorans PQ33 harbors one GI, which contains a RusB gene. 28235561 6 12 contain contains 1032:1039 arg1 GI 1022:1023 one GI 1018:1023 one GI 1018:1023 In contrast to ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains, the genome of A. ferrivorans PQ33 harbors one GI, which contains a RusB gene. 28235561 6 12 contain contains 1032:1039 arg2 gene 1048:1051 a RusB gene 1041:1051 a RusB gene 1041:1051 In contrast to ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains, the genome of A. ferrivorans PQ33 harbors one GI, which contains a RusB gene. 28235561 2 13 theme molecular 337:345 arg1 mechanism 347:355 the molecular mechanism 333:355 the molecular mechanism of ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation 333:388 Until recently, the synergy between cold tolerance and the molecular mechanism of ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation was unknown. 28235561 1 14 theme Friendly 161:168 arg1 hydrometallurgy 184:198 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy 161:198 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy at low temperatures 161:218 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy at low temperatures is principally promoted by Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans. 28235561 4 15 theme sp 855:856 arg1 genomes 826:832 four available genomes 811:832 four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp 811:856 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 4 16 theme doubling 655:662 arg1 time 664:667 a doubling time 653:667 a doubling time of 66.6 h 653:677 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 3 17 theme low 566:568 arg1 temperatures 570:581 low temperatures 566:581 low temperatures 566:581 In the present paper, we conducted a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures, with emphasis placed on trehalose and the Rus operon. 28235561 6 18 theme RusB 1043:1046 arg1 gene 1048:1051 a RusB gene 1041:1051 a RusB gene 1041:1051 In contrast to ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains, the genome of A. ferrivorans PQ33 harbors one GI, which contains a RusB gene. 28235561 4 19 theme Acidithiobacillus 837:853 arg1 sp 855:856 Acidithiobacillus sp 837:856 Acidithiobacillus sp 837:856 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 4 20 theme comparative 763:773 arg1 analysis 782:789 comparative genome analysis 763:789 comparative genome analysis 763:789 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 10 21 from temperature 1494:1504 arg1 oxidation 1477:1485 oxidation 1477:1485 oxidation at low temperature 1477:1504 This comparison suggests psychrotolerant fitness and supports the genetic canalization of A. ferrivorans PQ33 for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 8 22 theme horizontal 1225:1234 arg1 event 1245:1249 a horizontal transfer event 1223:1249 a horizontal transfer event 1223:1249 Furthermore, comparative analysis of the trehalose operon suggested the presence of a horizontal transfer event. 28235561 8 23 theme trehalose 1180:1188 arg1 operon 1190:1195 the trehalose operon 1176:1195 the trehalose operon 1176:1195 Furthermore, comparative analysis of the trehalose operon suggested the presence of a horizontal transfer event. 28235561 9 24 theme better 1323:1328 arg1 flexibility 1340:1350 better intrinsic flexibility 1323:1350 better intrinsic flexibility than RusA 1323:1360 In addition, comparison of rusticyanin proteins revealed that RusB has better intrinsic flexibility than RusA. 28235561 3 25 theme comparative 458:468 arg1 analysis 479:486 a physiological and comparative genomics analysis 438:486 a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures 438:581 In the present paper, we conducted a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures, with emphasis placed on trehalose and the Rus operon. 28235561 0 26 theme Physiological 0:12 arg1 analysis 38:45 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis 0:45 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 0:83 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 provides psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 9 27 theme intrinsic 1330:1338 arg1 flexibility 1340:1350 better intrinsic flexibility 1323:1350 better intrinsic flexibility than RusA 1323:1360 In addition, comparison of rusticyanin proteins revealed that RusB has better intrinsic flexibility than RusA. 28235561 4 28 theme 5 °C. 718:722 arg1 GI 740:741 GI 740:741 GI 740:741 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 4 28 theme 5 °C. 718:722 arg1 island 732:737 5 °C. Genomic island 718:737 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification 718:757 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 10 29 theme genetic 1429:1435 arg1 canalization 1437:1448 the genetic canalization 1425:1448 the genetic canalization of A. ferrivorans PQ33 for oxidation at low temperature 1425:1504 This comparison suggests psychrotolerant fitness and supports the genetic canalization of A. ferrivorans PQ33 for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 2 30 theme iron 368:371 arg1 oxidation 380:388 ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation 360:388 ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation 360:388 Until recently, the synergy between cold tolerance and the molecular mechanism of ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation was unknown. 28235561 3 31 theme genomics 470:477 arg1 analysis 479:486 a physiological and comparative genomics analysis 438:486 a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures 438:581 In the present paper, we conducted a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures, with emphasis placed on trehalose and the Rus operon. 28235561 0 32 theme genomic 30:36 arg1 analysis 38:45 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis 0:45 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 0:83 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 provides psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 4 33 theme island 732:737 arg1 identification 744:757 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification 718:757 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification 718:757 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 10 34 theme ferrivorans 1456:1466 arg1 canalization 1437:1448 the genetic canalization 1425:1448 the genetic canalization of A. ferrivorans PQ33 for oxidation at low temperature 1425:1504 This comparison suggests psychrotolerant fitness and supports the genetic canalization of A. ferrivorans PQ33 for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 10 35 theme psychrotolerant 1388:1402 arg1 fitness 1404:1410 psychrotolerant fitness 1388:1410 psychrotolerant fitness 1388:1410 This comparison suggests psychrotolerant fitness and supports the genetic canalization of A. ferrivorans PQ33 for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 2 36 theme ferrous 360:366 arg1 oxidation 380:388 ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation 360:388 ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation 360:388 Until recently, the synergy between cold tolerance and the molecular mechanism of ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation was unknown. 28235561 4 37 theme available 816:824 arg1 genomes 826:832 four available genomes 811:832 four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp 811:856 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 3 38 theme strain 499:504 arg1 analysis 479:486 a physiological and comparative genomics analysis 438:486 a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures 438:581 In the present paper, we conducted a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures, with emphasis placed on trehalose and the Rus operon. 28235561 0 39 theme comparative 18:28 arg1 analysis 38:45 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis 0:45 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 0:83 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 provides psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 0 40 theme low 144:146 arg1 temperature 148:158 low temperature 144:158 low temperature 144:158 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 provides psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 3 41 theme oxidation 543:551 arg1 mechanism 553:561 the oxidation mechanism 539:561 the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures 539:581 In the present paper, we conducted a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures, with emphasis placed on trehalose and the Rus operon. 28235561 1 42 theme Acidithiobacillus 247:263 arg1 ferrivorans 265:275 Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans 247:275 Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans 247:275 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy at low temperatures is principally promoted by Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans. 28235561 3 43 theme physiological 440:452 arg1 analysis 479:486 a physiological and comparative genomics analysis 438:486 a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures 438:581 In the present paper, we conducted a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures, with emphasis placed on trehalose and the Rus operon. 28235561 3 44 theme Rus 626:628 arg1 operon 630:635 the Rus operon 622:635 the Rus operon 622:635 In the present paper, we conducted a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures, with emphasis placed on trehalose and the Rus operon. 28235561 8 45 theme event 1245:1249 arg1 presence 1211:1218 the presence 1207:1218 the presence of a horizontal transfer event 1207:1249 Furthermore, comparative analysis of the trehalose operon suggested the presence of a horizontal transfer event. 28235561 4 46 theme 66.6 h 672:677 arg1 time 664:667 a doubling time 653:667 a doubling time of 66.6 h 653:677 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 8 47 theme transfer 1236:1243 arg1 event 1245:1249 a horizontal transfer event 1223:1249 a horizontal transfer event 1223:1249 Furthermore, comparative analysis of the trehalose operon suggested the presence of a horizontal transfer event. 28235561 6 48 dep strains 967:973 arg1 contrast 919:926 contrast 919:926 contrast 919:926 In contrast to ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains, the genome of A. ferrivorans PQ33 harbors one GI, which contains a RusB gene. 28235561 3 49 theme present 410:416 arg1 paper 418:422 the present paper 406:422 the present paper 406:422 In the present paper, we conducted a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures, with emphasis placed on trehalose and the Rus operon. 28235561 3 50 theme new 495:497 arg1 strain 499:504 the new strain 491:504 the new strain 491:504 In the present paper, we conducted a physiological and comparative genomics analysis of the new strain A. ferrivorans PQ33 to elucidate the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures, with emphasis placed on trehalose and the Rus operon. 28235561 0 51 theme ferrivorans 68:78 arg1 analysis 38:45 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis 0:45 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 0:83 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 provides psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 5 52 theme 56.55 897:901 arg1 % 902:902 % 902:902 % 902:902 The genome comprised 3,298,172 bp and 56.55% GC content. 28235561 0 53 theme Acidithiobacillus 50:66 arg1 ferrivorans 68:78 Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 50:83 Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 50:83 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 provides psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 6 54 theme Acidithiobacillus 936:952 arg1 strains 967:973 ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains 931:973 ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains 931:973 In contrast to ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains, the genome of A. ferrivorans PQ33 harbors one GI, which contains a RusB gene. 28235561 7 55 theme cis-trans 1094:1102 arg1 PPIases 1115:1121 PPIases 1115:1121 PPIases 1115:1121 Moreover, five genes of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIases) were observed. 28235561 7 55 theme cis-trans 1094:1102 arg1 isomerase 1104:1112 peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase 1078:1112 peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIases) 1078:1122 Moreover, five genes of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIases) were observed. 28235561 2 56 theme oxidation 380:388 arg1 mechanism 347:355 the molecular mechanism 333:355 the molecular mechanism of ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation 333:388 Until recently, the synergy between cold tolerance and the molecular mechanism of ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation was unknown. 28235561 2 56 theme oxidation 380:388 arg1 tolerance 319:327 cold tolerance 314:327 cold tolerance 314:327 Until recently, the synergy between cold tolerance and the molecular mechanism of ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation was unknown. 28235561 6 57 theme ATCC 931:934 arg1 strains 967:973 ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains 931:973 ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains 931:973 In contrast to ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains, the genome of A. ferrivorans PQ33 harbors one GI, which contains a RusB gene. 28235561 4 58 theme Genomic 724:730 arg1 GI 740:741 GI 740:741 GI 740:741 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 4 58 theme Genomic 724:730 arg1 island 732:737 5 °C. Genomic island 718:737 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification 718:757 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 4 59 theme genome 775:780 arg1 analysis 782:789 comparative genome analysis 763:789 comparative genome analysis 763:789 PQ33 exhibited a doubling time of 66.6 h in Fe2+ at pH 1.6 and 63.6 h in CuS at 5 °C. Genomic island (GI) identification and comparative genome analysis were performed with four available genomes of Acidithiobacillus sp. 28235561 2 60 theme cold 314:317 arg1 tolerance 319:327 cold tolerance 314:327 cold tolerance 314:327 Until recently, the synergy between cold tolerance and the molecular mechanism of ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation was unknown. 28235561 2 61 theme Fe2+ 374:377 arg1 oxidation 380:388 ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation 360:388 ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation 360:388 Until recently, the synergy between cold tolerance and the molecular mechanism of ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation was unknown. 28235561 9 62 contain has 1319:1321 arg1 RusB 1314:1317 RusB 1314:1317 RusB 1314:1317 In addition, comparison of rusticyanin proteins revealed that RusB has better intrinsic flexibility than RusA. 28235561 9 62 contain has 1319:1321 arg2 flexibility 1340:1350 better intrinsic flexibility 1323:1350 better intrinsic flexibility than RusA 1323:1360 In addition, comparison of rusticyanin proteins revealed that RusB has better intrinsic flexibility than RusA. 28235561 1 63 theme environmental 170:182 arg1 hydrometallurgy 184:198 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy 161:198 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy at low temperatures 161:218 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy at low temperatures is principally promoted by Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans. 28235561 0 64 from temperature 148:158 arg1 oxidation 131:139 oxidation 131:139 oxidation at low temperature 131:158 Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans PQ33 provides psychrotolerant fitness evidence for oxidation at low temperature. 28235561 8 65 theme operon 1190:1195 arg1 analysis 1164:1171 comparative analysis 1152:1171 comparative analysis of the trehalose operon 1152:1195 Furthermore, comparative analysis of the trehalose operon suggested the presence of a horizontal transfer event. 28235561 1 66 from temperatures 207:218 arg1 hydrometallurgy 184:198 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy 161:198 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy at low temperatures 161:218 Friendly environmental hydrometallurgy at low temperatures is principally promoted by Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans. 28235561 5 67 theme % 902:902 arg1 content 907:913 56.55% GC content 897:913 56.55% GC content 897:913 The genome comprised 3,298,172 bp and 56.55% GC content. 28235561 6 68 theme ferrooxidans 954:965 arg1 strains 967:973 ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains 931:973 ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains 931:973 In contrast to ATCC Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains, the genome of A. ferrivorans PQ33 harbors one GI, which contains a RusB gene. 26310301 3 0 theme optimum 258:264 arg1 30°C 268:271 optimum = 30°C 258:271 optimum = 30°C 258:271 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 3 0 theme optimum 258:264 arg1 15 245:246 15 245:246 15 245:246 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 4 1 theme 16S 390:392 arg1 sequences 404:412 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 386:412 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 386:412 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 3 2 theme = 266:266 arg1 30°C 268:271 optimum = 30°C 258:271 optimum = 30°C 258:271 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 3 2 theme = 266:266 arg1 15 245:246 15 245:246 15 245:246 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 4 3 theme sequences 404:412 arg1 comparisons 371:381 the comparisons 367:381 the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences 367:412 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 3 4 theme strain 201:206 arg1 T 213:213 T 213:213 T 213:213 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 3 4 theme strain 201:206 arg1 DS80 208:211 The strain DS80 197:211 The strain DS80(T) 197:214 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 10 5 theme new 1197:1199 arg1 species 1201:1207 a new species 1195:1207 a new species 1195:1207 Accordingly, a new species, Paenibacillus insulae sp. 26310301 11 6 theme type 1255:1258 arg1 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 11 6 theme type 1255:1258 arg1 13833 1296:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833 1255:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T) 1255:1303 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 3 7 theme pH 281:282 arg1 values 284:289 pH values 281:289 pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0) 281:329 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 4 8 theme gene 399:402 arg1 sequences 404:412 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 386:412 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 386:412 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 3 9 dep 5.0 304:306 arg1 to 308:309 to 308:309 to 308:309 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 3 9 dep 5.0 304:306 arg1 optimum 316:322 optimum = 7.0 316:328 optimum = 7.0 316:328 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 3 9 dep 5.0 304:306 arg1 9.0 311:313 9.0 311:313 9.0 311:313 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 7 10 contain contained 943:951 arg2 acid 991:994 meso-diaminopimelic acid 971:994 meso-diaminopimelic acid 971:994 The peptidoglycan contained a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26310301 7 10 contain contained 943:951 arg2 amount 961:966 a major amount 953:966 a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid 953:994 The peptidoglycan contained a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26310301 7 10 contain contained 943:951 arg1 peptidoglycan 929:941 The peptidoglycan 925:941 The peptidoglycan 925:941 The peptidoglycan contained a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26310301 10 11 dep sp 1232:1233 arg1 species 1201:1207 a new species 1195:1207 a new species 1195:1207 Accordingly, a new species, Paenibacillus insulae sp. 26310301 11 12 theme =JCM 1276:1279 arg1 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 11 12 theme =JCM 1276:1279 arg1 13833 1296:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833 1255:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T) 1255:1303 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 9 13 theme phenotypic 1098:1107 arg1 properties 1109:1118 the phenotypic properties 1094:1118 the phenotypic properties 1094:1118 However, the phenotypic properties clearly separated the strain from other species of the genus. 26310301 11 14 theme T 1287:1287 arg1 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 11 14 theme T 1287:1287 arg1 13833 1296:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833 1255:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T) 1255:1303 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 8 15 theme chemotaxonomic 1001:1014 arg1 profile 1016:1022 The chemotaxonomic profile 997:1022 The chemotaxonomic profile of strain DS80(T) 997:1040 The chemotaxonomic profile of strain DS80(T) was consistent with that of Paenibacillus. 26310301 8 15 theme chemotaxonomic 1001:1014 arg1 consistent 1046:1055 consistent 1046:1055 consistent 1046:1055 The chemotaxonomic profile of strain DS80(T) was consistent with that of Paenibacillus. 26310301 8 16 theme DS80 1034:1037 arg1 profile 1016:1022 The chemotaxonomic profile 997:1022 The chemotaxonomic profile of strain DS80(T) 997:1040 The chemotaxonomic profile of strain DS80(T) was consistent with that of Paenibacillus. 26310301 8 16 theme DS80 1034:1037 arg1 consistent 1046:1055 consistent 1046:1055 consistent 1046:1055 The chemotaxonomic profile of strain DS80(T) was consistent with that of Paenibacillus. 26310301 10 17 theme insulae 1224:1230 arg1 sp 1232:1233 Paenibacillus insulae sp 1210:1233 Paenibacillus insulae sp 1210:1233 Accordingly, a new species, Paenibacillus insulae sp. 26310301 4 18 with 5402403 610:616 arg1 similarity 561:570 the sequence similarity 548:570 the sequence similarity of 96.33% 548:580 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 0 19 theme insulae 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus insulae sp 0:23 Paenibacillus insulae sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus insulae sp. 26310301 2 20 theme rod-shaped 123:132 arg1 bacterium 134:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium 52:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) 52:161 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) was isolated from an island soil. 26310301 8 21 with consistent 1046:1055 arg1 that 1062:1065 that 1062:1065 that 1062:1065 The chemotaxonomic profile of strain DS80(T) was consistent with that of Paenibacillus. 26310301 10 22 theme Paenibacillus 1210:1222 arg1 sp 1232:1233 Paenibacillus insulae sp 1210:1233 Paenibacillus insulae sp 1210:1233 Accordingly, a new species, Paenibacillus insulae sp. 26310301 7 23 theme acid 991:994 arg1 amount 961:966 a major amount 953:966 a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid 953:994 The peptidoglycan contained a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26310301 7 23 theme acid 991:994 arg1 acid 991:994 meso-diaminopimelic acid 971:994 meso-diaminopimelic acid 971:994 The peptidoglycan contained a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26310301 2 24 attach isolated 167:174 arg2 bacterium 134:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium 52:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) 52:161 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) was isolated from an island soil. 26310301 2 24 attach isolated 167:174 arg1 soil 191:194 an island soil 181:194 an island soil 181:194 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) was isolated from an island soil. 26310301 0 25 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus insulae sp 0:23 Paenibacillus insulae sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus insulae sp. 26310301 2 26 theme Gram-stain-positive 54:72 arg1 bacterium 134:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium 52:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) 52:161 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) was isolated from an island soil. 26310301 9 27 theme genus 1175:1179 arg1 species 1160:1166 other species 1154:1166 other species of the genus 1154:1179 However, the phenotypic properties clearly separated the strain from other species of the genus. 26310301 4 28 theme urinalis 601:608 arg1 T 618:618 T 618:618 T 618:618 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 4 28 theme urinalis 601:608 arg1 5402403 610:616 Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403 587:616 Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%) 587:627 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 4 28 theme urinalis 601:608 arg1 % 626:626 95.48% 621:626 95.48% 621:626 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 5 29 theme major 687:691 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 710:722 anteiso-C15:0 710:722 anteiso-C15:0 710:722 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 5 29 theme major 687:691 arg1 acids 699:703 the major fatty acids 683:703 the major fatty acids 683:703 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 6 30 contain contained 778:786 arg2 menaquinone 806:816 the major menaquinone 796:816 the major menaquinone 796:816 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 6 30 contain contained 778:786 arg2 MK-7 788:791 MK-7 788:791 MK-7 788:791 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 6 30 contain contained 778:786 arg1 T 775:775 T 775:775 T 775:775 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 6 30 contain contained 778:786 arg1 DS80 770:773 Strain DS80 763:773 Strain DS80(T) 763:776 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 6 30 contain contained 778:786 arg2 lipids 917:922 the major polar lipids 901:922 the major polar lipids 901:922 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 11 31 theme =KCTC 1290:1294 arg1 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 11 31 theme =KCTC 1290:1294 arg1 13833 1296:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833 1255:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T) 1255:1303 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 5 32 theme DNA 661:663 arg1 % 677:677 44.0 mol% 669:677 44.0 mol% 669:677 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 5 32 theme DNA 661:663 arg1 content 638:644 The G+C content 630:644 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 630:663 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 5 33 theme genomic 653:659 arg1 DNA 661:663 the genomic DNA 649:663 the genomic DNA 649:663 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 6 34 theme Strain 763:768 arg1 T 775:775 T 775:775 T 775:775 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 6 34 theme Strain 763:768 arg1 DS80 770:773 Strain DS80 763:773 Strain DS80(T) 763:776 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 4 35 theme assamensis 520:529 arg1 T 539:539 T 539:539 T 539:539 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 4 35 theme assamensis 520:529 arg1 GPTSA11 531:537 Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11 506:537 Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) 506:581 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 7 36 theme major 955:959 arg1 amount 961:966 a major amount 953:966 a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid 953:994 The peptidoglycan contained a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26310301 7 36 theme major 955:959 arg1 acid 991:994 meso-diaminopimelic acid 971:994 meso-diaminopimelic acid 971:994 The peptidoglycan contained a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26310301 4 37 theme phylogenetic 336:347 arg1 analysis 349:356 The phylogenetic analysis 332:356 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences 332:412 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 9 38 theme other 1154:1158 arg1 species 1160:1166 other species 1154:1166 other species of the genus 1154:1179 However, the phenotypic properties clearly separated the strain from other species of the genus. 26310301 3 39 theme = 324:324 arg1 optimum 316:322 optimum = 7.0 316:328 optimum = 7.0 316:328 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 3 39 theme = 324:324 arg1 9.0 311:313 9.0 311:313 9.0 311:313 The strain DS80(T) grew at temperatures between 15 and 40°C (optimum = 30°C) and at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 (optimum = 7.0). 26310301 2 40 theme endospore-forming 83:99 arg1 bacterium 134:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium 52:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) 52:161 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) was isolated from an island soil. 26310301 8 41 theme strain 1027:1032 arg1 DS80 1034:1037 strain DS80 1027:1037 strain DS80(T) 1027:1040 The chemotaxonomic profile of strain DS80(T) was consistent with that of Paenibacillus. 26310301 8 41 theme strain 1027:1032 arg1 T 1039:1039 T 1039:1039 T 1039:1039 The chemotaxonomic profile of strain DS80(T) was consistent with that of Paenibacillus. 26310301 5 42 theme mol 674:676 arg1 content 638:644 The G+C content 630:644 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 630:663 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 5 42 theme mol 674:676 arg1 % 677:677 44.0 mol% 669:677 44.0 mol% 669:677 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 6 43 theme polar 911:915 arg1 MK-7 788:791 MK-7 788:791 MK-7 788:791 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 6 43 theme polar 911:915 arg1 lipids 917:922 the major polar lipids 901:922 the major polar lipids 901:922 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 5 44 theme G+C 634:636 arg1 % 677:677 44.0 mol% 669:677 44.0 mol% 669:677 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 5 44 theme G+C 634:636 arg1 content 638:644 The G+C content 630:644 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 630:663 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 2 45 theme motile 75:80 arg1 bacterium 134:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium 52:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) 52:161 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) was isolated from an island soil. 26310301 2 46 theme aerobic 115:121 arg1 bacterium 134:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium 52:142 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) 52:161 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) was isolated from an island soil. 26310301 2 47 theme island 184:189 arg1 soil 191:194 an island soil 181:194 an island soil 181:194 A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, and strictly aerobic rod-shaped bacterium designated DS80(T) was isolated from an island soil. 26310301 9 48 from species 1160:1166 arg1 strain 1142:1147 the strain 1138:1147 the strain from other species of the genus 1138:1179 However, the phenotypic properties clearly separated the strain from other species of the genus. 26310301 4 49 theme % 580:580 arg1 similarity 561:570 the sequence similarity 548:570 the sequence similarity of 96.33% 548:580 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 4 50 theme Paenibacillus 587:599 arg1 T 618:618 T 618:618 T 618:618 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 4 50 theme Paenibacillus 587:599 arg1 5402403 610:616 Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403 587:616 Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%) 587:627 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 4 50 theme Paenibacillus 587:599 arg1 % 626:626 95.48% 621:626 95.48% 621:626 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 11 51 theme T 1273:1273 arg1 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 11 51 theme T 1273:1273 arg1 13833 1296:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833 1255:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T) 1255:1303 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 4 52 with GPTSA11 531:537 arg1 similarity 561:570 the sequence similarity 548:570 the sequence similarity of 96.33% 548:580 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 6 53 theme major 905:909 arg1 MK-7 788:791 MK-7 788:791 MK-7 788:791 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 6 53 theme major 905:909 arg1 lipids 917:922 the major polar lipids 901:922 the major polar lipids 901:922 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 11 54 theme strain 1260:1265 arg1 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 11 54 theme strain 1260:1265 arg1 13833 1296:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833 1255:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T) 1255:1303 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 6 55 theme major 800:804 arg1 MK-7 788:791 MK-7 788:791 MK-7 788:791 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 6 55 theme major 800:804 arg1 menaquinone 806:816 the major menaquinone 796:816 the major menaquinone 796:816 Strain DS80(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. 26310301 11 56 dep proposed 1245:1252 arg1 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 T 1302:1302 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 11 56 dep proposed 1245:1252 arg1 13833 1296:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833 1255:1300 type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T) 1255:1303 nov., is proposed (type strain =DS80(T) =JCM 17278(T) =KCTC 13833(T)). 26310301 5 57 theme fatty 693:697 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 710:722 anteiso-C15:0 710:722 anteiso-C15:0 710:722 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 5 57 theme fatty 693:697 arg1 acids 699:703 the major fatty acids 683:703 the major fatty acids 683:703 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol% and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and C16:1 ω11c. 26310301 4 58 theme Paenibacillus 506:518 arg1 T 539:539 T 539:539 T 539:539 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 4 58 theme Paenibacillus 506:518 arg1 GPTSA11 531:537 Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11 506:537 Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) 506:581 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 4 59 theme rRNA 394:397 arg1 sequences 404:412 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 386:412 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 386:412 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 26310301 7 60 theme meso-diaminopimelic 971:989 arg1 acid 991:994 meso-diaminopimelic acid 971:994 meso-diaminopimelic acid 971:994 The peptidoglycan contained a major amount of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26310301 4 61 theme sequence 552:559 arg1 similarity 561:570 the sequence similarity 548:570 the sequence similarity of 96.33% 548:580 The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was mostly related to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA11(T) (with the sequence similarity of 96.33%) and Paenibacillus urinalis 5402403(T)(95.48%). 24264575 8 0 theme Fasting-induced 1068:1082 arg1 steatosis 1092:1100 Fasting-induced hepatic steatosis 1068:1100 Fasting-induced hepatic steatosis 1068:1100 Fasting-induced hepatic steatosis is relieved by PPP1R3G overexpression. 24264575 4 1 theme discovered 475:484 arg1 PPP1R3G 453:459 PPP1R3G 453:459 PPP1R3G 453:459 PPP1R3G is a recently discovered G subunit whose expression is changed along the fasting-feeding cycle and is proposed to play a role in postprandial glucose homeostasis. 24264575 4 1 theme discovered 475:484 arg1 subunit 488:494 a recently discovered G subunit 464:494 a recently discovered G subunit whose expression is changed along the fasting-feeding cycle and is proposed to play a role in postprandial glucose homeostasis 464:621 PPP1R3G is a recently discovered G subunit whose expression is changed along the fasting-feeding cycle and is proposed to play a role in postprandial glucose homeostasis. 24264575 10 2 theme physiological 1286:1298 arg1 activities 1300:1309 the physiological activities 1282:1309 the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver 1282:1385 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 11 3 theme postprandial 1460:1471 arg1 homeostasis 1481:1491 postprandial glucose homeostasis 1460:1491 postprandial glucose homeostasis 1460:1491 Cumulatively, these data indicate that PPP1R3G plays a critical role in postprandial glucose homeostasis and liver triglyceride metabolism via its regulation on hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 7 4 theme reduced 991:997 arg1 composition 1003:1013 a reduced fat composition 989:1013 a reduced fat composition 989:1013 In addition, the transgenic mice have a reduced fat composition, together with decreased hepatic triglyceride level. 24264575 8 5 theme hepatic 1084:1090 arg1 steatosis 1092:1100 Fasting-induced hepatic steatosis 1068:1100 Fasting-induced hepatic steatosis 1068:1100 Fasting-induced hepatic steatosis is relieved by PPP1R3G overexpression. 24264575 2 6 with combination 304:314 arg1 subunits 354:361 G subunits 352:361 G subunits 352:361 Glycogen synthesis is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase that is dephosphorylated and activated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in combination with glycogen-targeting subunits or G subunits. 24264575 2 6 with combination 304:314 arg1 subunits 340:347 glycogen-targeting subunits 321:347 glycogen-targeting subunits 321:347 Glycogen synthesis is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase that is dephosphorylated and activated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in combination with glycogen-targeting subunits or G subunits. 24264575 5 7 theme liver-specific 714:727 arg1 overexpression 729:742 liver-specific overexpression 714:742 liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G 714:753 In this study, we analyzed the physiological function of PPP1R3G using a mouse model with liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G. 24264575 6 8 theme synthase 840:847 arg1 activity 849:856 glycogen synthase activity 831:856 glycogen synthase activity 831:856 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 6 9 theme glucose 932:938 arg1 clearance 940:948 postprandial blood glucose clearance 913:948 postprandial blood glucose clearance 913:948 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 10 10 theme glucose 1325:1331 arg1 metabolism 1333:1342 glucose metabolism 1325:1342 glucose metabolism 1325:1342 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 3 11 theme G 380:380 arg1 subunits 382:389 seven G subunits 374:389 seven G subunits (PPP1R3A to G) that control glycogenesis in different organs 374:450 There are seven G subunits (PPP1R3A to G) that control glycogenesis in different organs. 24264575 3 11 theme G 380:380 arg1 G 403:403 PPP1R3A to G 392:403 PPP1R3A to G 392:403 There are seven G subunits (PPP1R3A to G) that control glycogenesis in different organs. 24264575 2 12 theme Glycogen 171:178 arg1 synthesis 180:188 Glycogen synthesis 171:188 Glycogen synthesis 171:188 Glycogen synthesis is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase that is dephosphorylated and activated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in combination with glycogen-targeting subunits or G subunits. 24264575 5 13 theme physiological 655:667 arg1 function 669:676 the physiological function 651:676 the physiological function of PPP1R3G 651:687 In this study, we analyzed the physiological function of PPP1R3G using a mouse model with liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G. 24264575 6 14 theme glycogen 831:838 arg1 activity 849:856 glycogen synthase activity 831:856 glycogen synthase activity 831:856 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 10 15 from activities 1300:1309 arg1 metabolism 1333:1342 glucose metabolism 1325:1342 glucose metabolism 1325:1342 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 10 15 from activities 1300:1309 arg1 accumulation 1361:1372 triglyceride accumulation 1348:1372 triglyceride accumulation 1348:1372 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 10 15 from activities 1300:1309 arg1 liver 1381:1385 the liver 1377:1385 the liver 1377:1385 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 6 16 theme blood 926:930 arg1 clearance 940:948 postprandial blood glucose clearance 913:948 postprandial blood glucose clearance 913:948 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 3 17 dep G 403:403 arg1 to 400:401 to 400:401 to 400:401 There are seven G subunits (PPP1R3A to G) that control glycogenesis in different organs. 24264575 3 18 theme different 435:443 arg1 organs 445:450 different organs 435:450 different organs 435:450 There are seven G subunits (PPP1R3A to G) that control glycogenesis in different organs. 24264575 5 19 theme PPP1R3G 747:753 arg1 overexpression 729:742 liver-specific overexpression 714:742 liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G 714:753 In this study, we analyzed the physiological function of PPP1R3G using a mouse model with liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G. 24264575 6 20 theme postprandial 913:924 arg1 clearance 940:948 postprandial blood glucose clearance 913:948 postprandial blood glucose clearance 913:948 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 11 21 theme critical 1443:1450 arg1 role 1452:1455 a critical role 1441:1455 a critical role 1441:1455 Cumulatively, these data indicate that PPP1R3G plays a critical role in postprandial glucose homeostasis and liver triglyceride metabolism via its regulation on hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 7 22 theme transgenic 968:977 arg1 mice 979:982 the transgenic mice 964:982 the transgenic mice 964:982 In addition, the transgenic mice have a reduced fat composition, together with decreased hepatic triglyceride level. 24264575 10 23 from PPP1R3G 1314:1320 arg1 metabolism 1333:1342 glucose metabolism 1325:1342 glucose metabolism 1325:1342 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 10 23 from PPP1R3G 1314:1320 arg1 accumulation 1361:1372 triglyceride accumulation 1348:1372 triglyceride accumulation 1348:1372 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 10 23 from PPP1R3G 1314:1320 arg1 liver 1381:1385 the liver 1377:1385 the liver 1377:1385 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 3 24 theme PPP1R3A 392:398 arg1 subunits 382:389 seven G subunits 374:389 seven G subunits (PPP1R3A to G) that control glycogenesis in different organs 374:450 There are seven G subunits (PPP1R3A to G) that control glycogenesis in different organs. 24264575 3 24 theme PPP1R3A 392:398 arg1 G 403:403 PPP1R3A to G 392:403 PPP1R3A to G 392:403 There are seven G subunits (PPP1R3A to G) that control glycogenesis in different organs. 24264575 4 25 theme G 486:486 arg1 PPP1R3G 453:459 PPP1R3G 453:459 PPP1R3G 453:459 PPP1R3G is a recently discovered G subunit whose expression is changed along the fasting-feeding cycle and is proposed to play a role in postprandial glucose homeostasis. 24264575 4 25 theme G 486:486 arg1 subunit 488:494 a recently discovered G subunit 464:494 a recently discovered G subunit whose expression is changed along the fasting-feeding cycle and is proposed to play a role in postprandial glucose homeostasis 464:621 PPP1R3G is a recently discovered G subunit whose expression is changed along the fasting-feeding cycle and is proposed to play a role in postprandial glucose homeostasis. 24264575 8 26 theme PPP1R3G 1117:1123 arg1 overexpression 1125:1138 PPP1R3G overexpression 1117:1138 PPP1R3G overexpression 1117:1138 Fasting-induced hepatic steatosis is relieved by PPP1R3G overexpression. 24264575 11 27 theme glucose 1473:1479 arg1 homeostasis 1481:1491 postprandial glucose homeostasis 1460:1491 postprandial glucose homeostasis 1460:1491 Cumulatively, these data indicate that PPP1R3G plays a critical role in postprandial glucose homeostasis and liver triglyceride metabolism via its regulation on hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 1 28 theme Liver 97:101 arg1 metabolism 112:121 Liver glycogen metabolism 97:121 Liver glycogen metabolism 97:121 Liver glycogen metabolism plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. 24264575 6 29 theme glycogen 797:804 arg1 accumulation 806:817 hepatic glycogen accumulation 789:817 hepatic glycogen accumulation 789:817 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 2 30 theme glycogen-targeting 321:338 arg1 subunits 340:347 glycogen-targeting subunits 321:347 glycogen-targeting subunits 321:347 Glycogen synthesis is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase that is dephosphorylated and activated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in combination with glycogen-targeting subunits or G subunits. 24264575 0 31 theme homeostasis 22:32 arg1 Regulation 0:9 Regulation 0:9 Regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism by PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis. 0:95 Regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism by PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 11 32 from regulation 1535:1544 arg1 glycogenesis 1557:1568 hepatic glycogenesis 1549:1568 hepatic glycogenesis 1549:1568 Cumulatively, these data indicate that PPP1R3G plays a critical role in postprandial glucose homeostasis and liver triglyceride metabolism via its regulation on hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 6 33 theme hepatic 789:795 arg1 accumulation 806:817 hepatic glycogen accumulation 789:817 hepatic glycogen accumulation 789:817 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 9 34 theme PPP1R3G 1154:1160 arg1 overexpression 1162:1175 PPP1R3G overexpression 1154:1175 PPP1R3G overexpression 1154:1175 In addition, PPP1R3G overexpression is able to elevate glycogenesis in primary hepatocytes. 24264575 5 35 with model 703:707 arg1 overexpression 729:742 liver-specific overexpression 714:742 liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G 714:753 In this study, we analyzed the physiological function of PPP1R3G using a mouse model with liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G. 24264575 1 36 theme glycogen 103:110 arg1 metabolism 112:121 Liver glycogen metabolism 97:121 Liver glycogen metabolism 97:121 Liver glycogen metabolism plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. 24264575 5 37 theme mouse 697:701 arg1 model 703:707 a mouse model 695:707 a mouse model with liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G 695:753 In this study, we analyzed the physiological function of PPP1R3G using a mouse model with liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G. 24264575 11 38 theme hepatic 1549:1555 arg1 glycogenesis 1557:1568 hepatic glycogenesis 1549:1568 hepatic glycogenesis 1549:1568 Cumulatively, these data indicate that PPP1R3G plays a critical role in postprandial glucose homeostasis and liver triglyceride metabolism via its regulation on hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 0 39 theme lipid 38:42 arg1 metabolism 44:53 lipid metabolism 38:53 lipid metabolism 38:53 Regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism by PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 10 40 from metabolism 1333:1342 arg1 activities 1300:1309 the physiological activities 1282:1309 the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver 1282:1385 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 9 41 from able 1180:1183 arg1 addition 1144:1151 addition 1144:1151 addition 1144:1151 In addition, PPP1R3G overexpression is able to elevate glycogenesis in primary hepatocytes. 24264575 7 42 contain have 984:987 arg2 composition 1003:1013 a reduced fat composition 989:1013 a reduced fat composition 989:1013 In addition, the transgenic mice have a reduced fat composition, together with decreased hepatic triglyceride level. 24264575 7 42 contain have 984:987 arg1 mice 979:982 the transgenic mice 964:982 the transgenic mice 964:982 In addition, the transgenic mice have a reduced fat composition, together with decreased hepatic triglyceride level. 24264575 10 43 from accumulation 1361:1372 arg1 activities 1300:1309 the physiological activities 1282:1309 the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver 1282:1385 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 7 44 theme triglyceride 1048:1059 arg1 level 1061:1065 decreased hepatic triglyceride level 1030:1065 decreased hepatic triglyceride level 1030:1065 In addition, the transgenic mice have a reduced fat composition, together with decreased hepatic triglyceride level. 24264575 11 45 theme liver 1497:1501 arg1 metabolism 1516:1525 liver triglyceride metabolism 1497:1525 liver triglyceride metabolism 1497:1525 Cumulatively, these data indicate that PPP1R3G plays a critical role in postprandial glucose homeostasis and liver triglyceride metabolism via its regulation on hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 11 46 theme triglyceride 1503:1514 arg1 metabolism 1516:1525 liver triglyceride metabolism 1497:1525 liver triglyceride metabolism 1497:1525 Cumulatively, these data indicate that PPP1R3G plays a critical role in postprandial glucose homeostasis and liver triglyceride metabolism via its regulation on hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 6 47 theme glucose 882:888 arg1 level 890:894 fasting blood glucose level 868:894 fasting blood glucose level 868:894 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 10 48 from liver 1381:1385 arg1 activities 1300:1309 the physiological activities 1282:1309 the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver 1282:1385 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 7 49 theme decreased 1030:1038 arg1 level 1061:1065 decreased hepatic triglyceride level 1030:1065 decreased hepatic triglyceride level 1030:1065 In addition, the transgenic mice have a reduced fat composition, together with decreased hepatic triglyceride level. 24264575 0 50 theme metabolism 44:53 arg1 Regulation 0:9 Regulation 0:9 Regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism by PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis. 0:95 Regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism by PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 6 51 theme blood 876:880 arg1 level 890:894 fasting blood glucose level 868:894 fasting blood glucose level 868:894 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 6 52 theme PPP1R3G 756:762 arg1 overexpression 764:777 PPP1R3G overexpression 756:777 PPP1R3G overexpression 756:777 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 1 53 theme important 132:140 arg1 role 142:145 an important role 129:145 an important role 129:145 Liver glycogen metabolism plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. 24264575 4 54 theme fasting-feeding 534:548 arg1 cycle 550:554 the fasting-feeding cycle 530:554 the fasting-feeding cycle 530:554 PPP1R3G is a recently discovered G subunit whose expression is changed along the fasting-feeding cycle and is proposed to play a role in postprandial glucose homeostasis. 24264575 5 55 theme PPP1R3G 681:687 arg1 function 669:676 the physiological function 651:676 the physiological function of PPP1R3G 651:687 In this study, we analyzed the physiological function of PPP1R3G using a mouse model with liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G. 24264575 6 56 theme fasting 868:874 arg1 level 890:894 fasting blood glucose level 868:894 fasting blood glucose level 868:894 PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. 24264575 7 57 theme fat 999:1001 arg1 composition 1003:1013 a reduced fat composition 989:1013 a reduced fat composition 989:1013 In addition, the transgenic mice have a reduced fat composition, together with decreased hepatic triglyceride level. 24264575 2 58 theme G 352:352 arg1 subunits 354:361 G subunits 352:361 G subunits 352:361 Glycogen synthesis is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase that is dephosphorylated and activated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in combination with glycogen-targeting subunits or G subunits. 24264575 10 59 theme PPP1R3G 1314:1320 arg1 activities 1300:1309 the physiological activities 1282:1309 the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver 1282:1385 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 4 60 theme glucose 603:609 arg1 homeostasis 611:621 postprandial glucose homeostasis 590:621 postprandial glucose homeostasis 590:621 PPP1R3G is a recently discovered G subunit whose expression is changed along the fasting-feeding cycle and is proposed to play a role in postprandial glucose homeostasis. 24264575 7 61 theme hepatic 1040:1046 arg1 level 1061:1065 decreased hepatic triglyceride level 1030:1065 decreased hepatic triglyceride level 1030:1065 In addition, the transgenic mice have a reduced fat composition, together with decreased hepatic triglyceride level. 24264575 2 62 theme glycogen 213:220 arg1 synthase 222:229 glycogen synthase 213:229 glycogen synthase that is dephosphorylated and activated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in combination with glycogen-targeting subunits or G subunits 213:361 Glycogen synthesis is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase that is dephosphorylated and activated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in combination with glycogen-targeting subunits or G subunits. 24264575 9 63 from addition 1144:1151 arg1 able 1180:1183 able 1180:1183 able 1180:1183 In addition, PPP1R3G overexpression is able to elevate glycogenesis in primary hepatocytes. 24264575 4 64 theme postprandial 590:601 arg1 homeostasis 611:621 postprandial glucose homeostasis 590:621 postprandial glucose homeostasis 590:621 PPP1R3G is a recently discovered G subunit whose expression is changed along the fasting-feeding cycle and is proposed to play a role in postprandial glucose homeostasis. 24264575 0 65 theme hepatic 75:81 arg1 glycogenesis 83:94 PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis 58:94 PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis 58:94 Regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism by PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 2 66 theme protein 273:279 arg1 phosphatase 281:291 protein phosphatase 1 273:293 protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) 273:299 Glycogen synthesis is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase that is dephosphorylated and activated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in combination with glycogen-targeting subunits or G subunits. 24264575 2 66 theme protein 273:279 arg1 PP1 296:298 PP1 296:298 PP1 296:298 Glycogen synthesis is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase that is dephosphorylated and activated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in combination with glycogen-targeting subunits or G subunits. 24264575 9 67 theme primary 1212:1218 arg1 hepatocytes 1220:1230 primary hepatocytes 1212:1230 primary hepatocytes 1212:1230 In addition, PPP1R3G overexpression is able to elevate glycogenesis in primary hepatocytes. 24264575 1 68 theme glucose 150:156 arg1 homeostasis 158:168 glucose homeostasis 150:168 glucose homeostasis 150:168 Liver glycogen metabolism plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. 24264575 10 69 theme glycogen-binding 1237:1252 arg1 domain 1254:1259 The glycogen-binding domain 1233:1259 The glycogen-binding domain 1233:1259 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 10 69 theme glycogen-binding 1237:1252 arg1 indispensable 1264:1276 indispensable 1264:1276 indispensable 1264:1276 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 24264575 0 70 theme PPP1R3G-mediated 58:73 arg1 glycogenesis 83:94 PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis 58:94 PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis 58:94 Regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism by PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 0 71 theme glucose 14:20 arg1 homeostasis 22:32 glucose homeostasis 14:32 glucose homeostasis 14:32 Regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism by PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis. 24264575 10 72 theme triglyceride 1348:1359 arg1 accumulation 1361:1372 triglyceride accumulation 1348:1372 triglyceride accumulation 1348:1372 The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. 28717237 1 0 theme metabolic 294:302 arg1 disorders 321:329 metabolic and inflammatory disorders 294:329 metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice 294:368 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 5 1 theme interleukin 982:992 arg1 beta 996:999 gut interleukin 1 beta 978:999 gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression 978:1021 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 5 1 theme interleukin 982:992 arg1 IL1β 1002:1005 IL1β 1002:1005 IL1β 1002:1005 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 7 2 from capacity 1327:1334 arg1 microbiota 1367:1376 the gut microbiota 1359:1376 the gut microbiota 1359:1376 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 7 3 theme gut 1363:1365 arg1 microbiota 1367:1376 the gut microbiota 1359:1376 the gut microbiota 1359:1376 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 1 4 from effects 283:289 arg1 disorders 321:329 metabolic and inflammatory disorders 294:329 metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice 294:368 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 5 5 theme gut 978:980 arg1 beta 996:999 gut interleukin 1 beta 978:999 gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression 978:1021 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 5 5 theme gut 978:980 arg1 IL1β 1002:1005 IL1β 1002:1005 IL1β 1002:1005 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 2 6 with bran 483:486 arg1 WBs 516:518 WBs 516:518 WBs 516:518 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 2 6 with bran 483:486 arg1 size 510:513 reduced particle size 493:513 reduced particle size (WBs) 493:519 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 1 7 theme gut 213:215 arg1 microbiota 217:226 the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity 209:251 microbiota 217:226 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 8 8 theme nutritional 1433:1443 arg1 advices 1445:1451 nutritional advices 1433:1451 nutritional advices 1433:1451 Those results might be useful to take into account in nutritional advices to control obesity. 28717237 1 9 theme inflammatory 308:319 arg1 disorders 321:329 metabolic and inflammatory disorders 294:329 metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice 294:368 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 2 10 theme reduced 493:499 arg1 WBs 516:518 WBs 516:518 WBs 516:518 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 2 10 theme reduced 493:499 arg1 size 510:513 reduced particle size 493:513 reduced particle size (WBs) 493:519 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 5 11 theme fat 858:860 arg1 excretion 862:870 fat excretion 858:870 fat excretion 858:870 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 2 12 theme bran 454:457 arg1 fraction 436:443 a crude fraction 428:443 a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB) 428:462 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 2 12 theme bran 454:457 arg1 bran 377:380 Wheat bran 371:380 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) 371:425 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 2 12 theme bran 454:457 arg1 bran 483:486 the same wheat bran 468:486 the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) 468:519 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 3 13 theme microbiota 584:593 arg1 composition 595:605 the gut microbiota composition 576:605 the gut microbiota composition 576:605 AXOS shifted the gut microbiota composition, blunted Clostridium and Turicibacter genera and strongly promoted Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus genera, independently of changes in gut antimicrobial peptide expression. 28717237 2 14 with fraction 436:443 arg1 WBs 516:518 WBs 516:518 WBs 516:518 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 2 14 with fraction 436:443 arg1 size 510:513 reduced particle size 493:513 reduced particle size (WBs) 493:519 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 6 15 theme adipose 1063:1069 arg1 inflammation 1078:1089 adipose tissue inflammation 1063:1089 adipose tissue inflammation 1063:1089 Strikingly, WBs promoted steatosis and adipose tissue inflammation, despite its ability -like WB- to increase bacterial diversity. 28717237 0 16 theme bran 93:96 arg1 fractions 98:106 wheat bran fractions 87:106 wheat bran fractions 87:106 Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. 28717237 5 17 theme WB 837:838 arg1 fraction 840:847 Only WB fraction 832:847 Only WB fraction 832:847 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 7 18 theme fat 1315:1317 arg1 capacity 1327:1334 their fat binding capacity 1309:1334 their fat binding capacity 1309:1334 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 1 19 theme study 138:142 arg1 aim 126:128 The aim 122:128 The aim of this study 122:142 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 0 20 theme wheat 87:91 arg1 bran 93:96 wheat bran 87:96 wheat bran fractions 87:106 Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. 28717237 5 21 theme beta 996:999 arg1 overexpression 1008:1021 gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression 978:1021 gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression 978:1021 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 3 22 theme Butyricicoccus 694:707 arg1 genera 709:714 Butyricicoccus genera 694:714 Butyricicoccus genera 694:714 AXOS shifted the gut microbiota composition, blunted Clostridium and Turicibacter genera and strongly promoted Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus genera, independently of changes in gut antimicrobial peptide expression. 28717237 2 23 theme wheat 448:452 arg1 WB 460:461 WB 460:461 WB 460:461 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 2 23 theme wheat 448:452 arg1 bran 454:457 wheat bran 448:457 wheat bran (WB) 448:462 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 0 24 theme binding 4:10 arg1 capacity 12:19 Fat binding capacity 0:19 Fat binding capacity 0:19 Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. 28717237 3 25 theme gut 580:582 arg1 composition 595:605 the gut microbiota composition 576:605 the gut microbiota composition 576:605 AXOS shifted the gut microbiota composition, blunted Clostridium and Turicibacter genera and strongly promoted Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus genera, independently of changes in gut antimicrobial peptide expression. 28717237 6 26 theme bacterial 1134:1142 arg1 diversity 1144:1152 bacterial diversity 1134:1152 bacterial diversity 1134:1152 Strikingly, WBs promoted steatosis and adipose tissue inflammation, despite its ability -like WB- to increase bacterial diversity. 28717237 3 27 theme Clostridium 616:626 arg1 genera 645:650 Clostridium and Turicibacter genera 616:650 genera 645:650 AXOS shifted the gut microbiota composition, blunted Clostridium and Turicibacter genera and strongly promoted Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus genera, independently of changes in gut antimicrobial peptide expression. 28717237 3 28 from changes 734:740 arg1 expression 771:780 gut antimicrobial peptide expression 745:780 gut antimicrobial peptide expression 745:780 AXOS shifted the gut microbiota composition, blunted Clostridium and Turicibacter genera and strongly promoted Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus genera, independently of changes in gut antimicrobial peptide expression. 28717237 7 29 theme metabolic 1210:1218 arg1 disorders 1237:1245 metabolic and inflammatory disorders 1210:1245 metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding 1210:1272 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 0 30 theme Fat 0:2 arg1 capacity 12:19 Fat binding capacity 0:19 Fat binding capacity 0:19 Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. 28717237 1 31 theme fat 232:234 arg1 capacity 244:251 the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity 209:251 capacity 244:251 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 2 32 theme mice 545:548 arg1 WD 539:540 the WD 535:540 the WD of mice for 8 weeks 535:560 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 0 33 dep determine 63:71 arg1 both 58:61 both 58:61 both 58:61 Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. 28717237 2 34 theme particle 501:508 arg1 WBs 516:518 WBs 516:518 WBs 516:518 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 2 34 theme particle 501:508 arg1 size 510:513 reduced particle size 493:513 reduced particle size (WBs) 493:519 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 1 35 theme binding 236:242 arg1 capacity 244:251 the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity 209:251 capacity 244:251 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 7 36 theme particle 1294:1301 arg1 size 1303:1306 their particle size 1288:1306 their particle size 1288:1306 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 2 37 theme Wheat 371:375 arg1 bran 377:380 Wheat bran 371:380 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) 371:425 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 0 38 theme fractions 98:106 arg1 effect 77:82 the effect 73:82 the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity 73:119 Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. 28717237 1 39 theme western 344:350 arg1 WD 358:359 WD 358:359 WD 358:359 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 1 39 theme western 344:350 arg1 diet 352:355 a western diet 342:355 a western diet (WD) 342:360 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 3 40 theme peptide 763:769 arg1 expression 771:780 gut antimicrobial peptide expression 745:780 gut antimicrobial peptide expression 745:780 AXOS shifted the gut microbiota composition, blunted Clostridium and Turicibacter genera and strongly promoted Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus genera, independently of changes in gut antimicrobial peptide expression. 28717237 7 41 theme bran 1176:1179 arg1 fractions 1181:1189 wheat bran fractions 1170:1189 wheat bran fractions 1170:1189 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 5 42 dep capacity 917:924 arg1 increase 929:936 increase 929:936 to increase the Akkermansia genus 926:958 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 5 42 dep capacity 917:924 arg1 counteract 967:976 counteract 967:976 to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression 964:1021 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 5 43 theme Only 832:835 arg1 fraction 840:847 Only WB fraction 832:847 Only WB fraction 832:847 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 3 44 theme Turicibacter 632:643 arg1 genera 645:650 Clostridium and Turicibacter genera 616:650 genera 645:650 AXOS shifted the gut microbiota composition, blunted Clostridium and Turicibacter genera and strongly promoted Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus genera, independently of changes in gut antimicrobial peptide expression. 28717237 2 45 with bran 377:380 arg1 WBs 516:518 WBs 516:518 WBs 516:518 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 2 45 with bran 377:380 arg1 size 510:513 reduced particle size 493:513 reduced particle size (WBs) 493:519 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 1 46 theme different 175:183 arg1 fractions 196:204 different wheat bran fractions 175:204 different wheat bran fractions 175:204 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 0 47 theme gut 43:45 arg1 microbiota 47:56 the gut microbiota 39:56 the gut microbiota 39:56 Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. 28717237 2 48 theme crude 430:434 arg1 fraction 436:443 a crude fraction 428:443 a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB) 428:462 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 6 49 theme -like 1112:1116 arg1 WB- 1118:1120 -like WB- 1112:1120 -like WB- 1112:1120 Strikingly, WBs promoted steatosis and adipose tissue inflammation, despite its ability -like WB- to increase bacterial diversity. 28717237 1 50 theme differential 270:281 arg1 effects 283:289 their differential effects 264:289 their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice 264:368 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 2 51 theme wheat 477:481 arg1 bran 483:486 the same wheat bran 468:486 the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) 468:519 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 7 52 from influence 1346:1354 arg1 microbiota 1367:1376 the gut microbiota 1359:1376 the gut microbiota 1359:1376 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 7 53 theme wheat 1170:1174 arg1 bran 1176:1179 wheat bran 1170:1179 wheat bran fractions 1170:1189 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 3 54 theme gut 745:747 arg1 expression 771:780 gut antimicrobial peptide expression 745:780 gut antimicrobial peptide expression 745:780 AXOS shifted the gut microbiota composition, blunted Clostridium and Turicibacter genera and strongly promoted Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus genera, independently of changes in gut antimicrobial peptide expression. 28717237 2 55 theme same 472:475 arg1 bran 483:486 the same wheat bran 468:486 the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) 468:519 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 7 56 theme inflammatory 1224:1235 arg1 disorders 1237:1245 metabolic and inflammatory disorders 1210:1245 metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding 1210:1272 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 7 57 theme WD 1263:1264 arg1 feeding 1266:1272 WD feeding 1263:1272 WD feeding 1263:1272 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 1 58 from impact 165:170 arg1 capacity 244:251 the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity 209:251 capacity 244:251 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 1 58 from impact 165:170 arg1 microbiota 217:226 the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity 209:251 microbiota 217:226 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 3 59 theme antimicrobial 749:761 arg1 expression 771:780 gut antimicrobial peptide expression 745:780 gut antimicrobial peptide expression 745:780 AXOS shifted the gut microbiota composition, blunted Clostridium and Turicibacter genera and strongly promoted Bifidobacterium and Butyricicoccus genera, independently of changes in gut antimicrobial peptide expression. 28717237 1 60 theme wheat 185:189 arg1 bran 191:194 wheat bran 185:194 different wheat bran fractions 175:204 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 7 61 theme binding 1319:1325 arg1 capacity 1327:1334 their fat binding capacity 1309:1334 their fat binding capacity 1309:1334 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 5 62 theme Akkermansia 942:952 arg1 genus 954:958 the Akkermansia genus 938:958 the Akkermansia genus 938:958 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 6 63 theme tissue 1071:1076 arg1 inflammation 1078:1089 adipose tissue inflammation 1063:1089 adipose tissue inflammation 1063:1089 Strikingly, WBs promoted steatosis and adipose tissue inflammation, despite its ability -like WB- to increase bacterial diversity. 28717237 1 64 theme bran 191:194 arg1 fractions 196:204 different wheat bran fractions 175:204 different wheat bran fractions 175:204 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 0 65 from effect 77:82 arg1 adiposity 111:119 adiposity 111:119 adiposity 111:119 Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. 28717237 5 66 theme other 894:898 arg1 fractions 900:908 the other fractions 890:908 the other fractions 890:908 Only WB fraction promoted fat excretion and differed from the other fractions by the capacity to increase the Akkermansia genus and to counteract gut interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) overexpression. 28717237 7 67 from size 1303:1306 arg1 microbiota 1367:1376 the gut microbiota 1359:1376 the gut microbiota 1359:1376 In conclusion, wheat bran fractions differently affect metabolic and inflammatory disorders associated with WD feeding, depending on their particle size, their fat binding capacity and their influence on the gut microbiota. 28717237 1 68 theme fractions 196:204 arg1 impact 165:170 the impact 161:170 the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice 161:368 The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wheat bran fractions on the gut microbiota and fat binding capacity to explain their differential effects on metabolic and inflammatory disorders induced by a western diet (WD) in mice. 28717237 0 69 theme microbiota 47:56 arg1 capacity 12:19 Fat binding capacity 0:19 Fat binding capacity 0:19 Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. 28717237 0 69 theme microbiota 47:56 arg1 modulation 25:34 modulation 25:34 modulation of the gut microbiota 25:56 Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. 28717237 2 70 theme arabinoxylan 390:401 arg1 AXOS 421:424 AXOS 421:424 AXOS 421:424 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 28717237 2 70 theme arabinoxylan 390:401 arg1 oligosaccharides 403:418 arabinoxylan oligosaccharides 390:418 arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) 390:425 Wheat bran derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), a crude fraction of wheat bran (WB), or the same wheat bran with reduced particle size (WBs) were added to the WD of mice for 8 weeks. 26240395 10 0 contain had 1378:1380 arg1 chicks 1348:1353 Ross 308 chicks 1339:1353 Ross 308 chicks 1339:1353 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 10 0 contain had 1378:1380 arg2 mass 1413:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass 1382:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) 1382:1423 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 10 0 contain had 1378:1380 arg2 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 13 1 contain have 1833:1836 arg2 trajectories 1848:1859 different trajectories 1838:1859 different trajectories for embryonic development and nutrient metabolism during incubation 1838:1927 It can be concluded that, Cobb 500 and Ross 308 differ in egg nutrient availability and have different trajectories for embryonic development and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 13 1 contain have 1833:1836 arg1 Cobb 1771:1774 Cobb 500 1771:1778 Cobb 500 1771:1778 It can be concluded that, Cobb 500 and Ross 308 differ in egg nutrient availability and have different trajectories for embryonic development and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 8 2 theme dry 1099:1101 arg1 matter 1103:1108 a higher dry matter 1090:1108 a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) 1090:1121 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 8 2 theme dry 1099:1101 arg1 g 1120:1120 Δ = 0.24 g 1111:1120 Δ = 0.24 g 1111:1120 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 1 3 theme growth 175:180 arg1 patterns 182:189 broiler growth patterns 167:189 broiler growth patterns 167:189 A progressive selection for broiler live and processing performance traits has changed broiler growth patterns during the post hatch period. 26240395 6 4 theme remaining 805:813 arg1 eggs 815:818 The remaining eggs 801:818 The remaining eggs 801:818 The remaining eggs were incubated separately in one of 2 climate respiration chambers at an eggshell temperature of 37.8°C. 26240395 4 5 theme Eggs 636:639 arg1 range 615:619 an egg weight range 601:619 an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs 601:639 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 11 6 theme more 1496:1499 arg1 energy 1501:1506 13.9 kJ more energy 1488:1506 13.9 kJ more energy 1488:1506 During incubation, Ross 308 embryos used 13.9 kJ more energy than Cobb 500, and the efficiency of converting energy used to YFBM (EYFB) was approximately 7.6% lower compared to Cobb 500. 26240395 9 7 theme eggs 1246:1249 arg1 Albumen 1217:1223 Albumen 1217:1223 Albumen 1217:1223 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 9 7 theme eggs 1246:1249 arg1 yolk 1229:1232 yolk 1229:1232 yolk 1229:1232 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 8 8 theme Ross 1072:1075 arg1 eggs 1081:1084 Ross 308 eggs 1072:1084 Ross 308 eggs 1072:1084 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 6 9 theme eggshell 893:900 arg1 temperature 902:912 an eggshell temperature 890:912 an eggshell temperature of 37.8°C 890:922 The remaining eggs were incubated separately in one of 2 climate respiration chambers at an eggshell temperature of 37.8°C. 26240395 10 10 theme Ross 1339:1342 arg1 chicks 1348:1353 Ross 308 chicks 1339:1353 Ross 308 chicks 1339:1353 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 7 11 theme albumen 981:987 arg1 ratio 989:993 a higher yolk:albumen ratio 967:993 a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen 967:1037 The results showed that Ross 308 eggs had a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen than Cobb 500. 26240395 4 12 dep 46 589:590 arg1 to 586:587 to 586:587 to 586:587 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 5 13 theme egg 758:760 arg1 composition 762:772 egg composition 758:772 egg composition 758:772 For each batch, 20 eggs per strain were used to determine egg composition and nutrient availability. 26240395 8 14 theme eggs 1081:1084 arg1 Albumen 1054:1060 Albumen 1054:1060 Albumen 1054:1060 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 0 15 from strains 71:77 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and nutrient metabolism of embryos from two modern broiler strains. 26240395 0 15 from strains 71:77 arg1 metabolism 25:34 nutrient metabolism 16:34 nutrient metabolism 16:34 Development and nutrient metabolism of embryos from two modern broiler strains. 26240395 7 16 theme yolk 976:979 arg1 ratio 989:993 a higher yolk:albumen ratio 967:993 a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen 967:1037 The results showed that Ross 308 eggs had a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen than Cobb 500. 26240395 9 17 theme energy 1264:1269 arg1 content 1271:1277 a higher energy content 1255:1277 a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) 1255:1290 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 9 17 theme energy 1264:1269 arg1 kJ 1288:1289 Δ = 8.9 kJ 1280:1289 Δ = 8.9 kJ 1280:1289 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 6 18 theme respiration 866:876 arg1 chambers 878:885 2 climate respiration chambers 856:885 2 climate respiration chambers 856:885 The remaining eggs were incubated separately in one of 2 climate respiration chambers at an eggshell temperature of 37.8°C. 26240395 1 19 theme live 116:119 arg1 traits 148:153 broiler live and processing performance traits 108:153 broiler live and processing performance traits 108:153 A progressive selection for broiler live and processing performance traits has changed broiler growth patterns during the post hatch period. 26240395 12 20 theme Cobb 1728:1731 arg1 chicks 1737:1742 Cobb 500 chicks 1728:1742 Cobb 500 chicks 1728:1742 Ross 308 chicks hatched approximately 4 h later and had less hepatic glycogen (Δ = 5 mg) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 1 21 theme processing 125:134 arg1 traits 148:153 broiler live and processing performance traits 108:153 broiler live and processing performance traits 108:153 A progressive selection for broiler live and processing performance traits has changed broiler growth patterns during the post hatch period. 26240395 0 22 theme modern 56:61 arg1 strains 71:77 two modern broiler strains 52:77 two modern broiler strains 52:77 Development and nutrient metabolism of embryos from two modern broiler strains. 26240395 4 23 theme Ross 506:509 arg1 eggs 498:501 Hatching eggs 489:501 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering 489:542 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 9 24 theme Cobb 1304:1307 arg1 eggs 1313:1316 Cobb 500 eggs 1304:1316 Cobb 500 eggs 1304:1316 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 8 25 theme Cobb 1163:1166 arg1 eggs 1172:1175 Cobb 500 eggs 1163:1175 Cobb 500 eggs 1163:1175 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 11 26 theme Ross 1466:1469 arg1 embryos 1475:1481 Ross 308 embryos 1466:1481 Ross 308 embryos 1466:1481 During incubation, Ross 308 embryos used 13.9 kJ more energy than Cobb 500, and the efficiency of converting energy used to YFBM (EYFB) was approximately 7.6% lower compared to Cobb 500. 26240395 3 27 from influences 368:377 arg1 metabolism 459:468 nutrient metabolism 450:468 nutrient metabolism 450:468 This study aims to examine influences of broiler strain on nutrient availability, embryonic development, and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 3 27 from influences 368:377 arg1 availability 409:420 nutrient availability 400:420 nutrient availability 400:420 This study aims to examine influences of broiler strain on nutrient availability, embryonic development, and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 3 27 from influences 368:377 arg1 development 433:443 embryonic development 423:443 embryonic development 423:443 This study aims to examine influences of broiler strain on nutrient availability, embryonic development, and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 10 28 theme g 1388:1388 arg1 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 10 28 theme g 1388:1388 arg1 mass 1413:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass 1382:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) 1382:1423 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 3 29 theme broiler 382:388 arg1 strain 390:395 broiler strain 382:395 broiler strain 382:395 This study aims to examine influences of broiler strain on nutrient availability, embryonic development, and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 7 30 contain had 963:965 arg2 ratio 989:993 a higher yolk:albumen ratio 967:993 a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen 967:1037 The results showed that Ross 308 eggs had a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen than Cobb 500. 26240395 7 30 contain had 963:965 arg1 eggs 958:961 Ross 308 eggs 949:961 Ross 308 eggs 949:961 The results showed that Ross 308 eggs had a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen than Cobb 500. 26240395 3 31 theme embryonic 423:431 arg1 development 433:443 embryonic development 423:443 embryonic development 423:443 This study aims to examine influences of broiler strain on nutrient availability, embryonic development, and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 1 32 theme progressive 82:92 arg1 selection 94:102 A progressive selection 80:102 A progressive selection for broiler live and processing performance traits 80:153 A progressive selection for broiler live and processing performance traits has changed broiler growth patterns during the post hatch period. 26240395 8 33 theme similar 1184:1190 arg1 amount 1192:1197 a similar amount 1182:1197 a similar amount of crude protein 1182:1214 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 8 33 theme similar 1184:1190 arg1 protein 1208:1214 crude protein 1202:1214 crude protein 1202:1214 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 10 34 theme body 1408:1411 arg1 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 10 34 theme body 1408:1411 arg1 mass 1413:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass 1382:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) 1382:1423 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 0 35 theme nutrient 16:23 arg1 metabolism 25:34 nutrient metabolism 16:34 nutrient metabolism 16:34 Development and nutrient metabolism of embryos from two modern broiler strains. 26240395 13 36 theme embryonic 1865:1873 arg1 development 1875:1885 embryonic development 1865:1885 embryonic development 1865:1885 It can be concluded that, Cobb 500 and Ross 308 differ in egg nutrient availability and have different trajectories for embryonic development and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 4 37 theme breeder 563:569 arg1 flocks 571:576 breeder flocks 563:576 breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch 563:697 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 3 38 theme nutrient 450:457 arg1 metabolism 459:468 nutrient metabolism 450:468 nutrient metabolism 450:468 This study aims to examine influences of broiler strain on nutrient availability, embryonic development, and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 10 39 theme yolk 1398:1401 arg1 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 10 39 theme yolk 1398:1401 arg1 mass 1413:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass 1382:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) 1382:1423 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 5 40 theme nutrient 778:785 arg1 availability 787:798 nutrient availability 778:798 nutrient availability 778:798 For each batch, 20 eggs per strain were used to determine egg composition and nutrient availability. 26240395 13 41 theme egg 1803:1805 arg1 availability 1816:1827 egg nutrient availability 1803:1827 egg nutrient availability 1803:1827 It can be concluded that, Cobb 500 and Ross 308 differ in egg nutrient availability and have different trajectories for embryonic development and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 12 42 dep less 1690:1693 arg1 glycogen 1703:1710 hepatic glycogen 1695:1710 hepatic glycogen (Δ = 5 mg) 1695:1721 Ross 308 chicks hatched approximately 4 h later and had less hepatic glycogen (Δ = 5 mg) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 12 42 dep less 1690:1693 arg1 mg 1719:1720 Δ = 5 mg 1713:1720 Δ = 5 mg 1713:1720 Ross 308 chicks hatched approximately 4 h later and had less hepatic glycogen (Δ = 5 mg) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 8 43 theme protein 1208:1214 arg1 amount 1192:1197 a similar amount 1182:1197 a similar amount of crude protein 1182:1214 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 8 43 theme protein 1208:1214 arg1 protein 1208:1214 crude protein 1202:1214 crude protein 1202:1214 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 7 44 theme less 1026:1029 arg1 albumen 1031:1037 0.7 g less albumen 1020:1037 0.7 g less albumen 1020:1037 The results showed that Ross 308 eggs had a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen than Cobb 500. 26240395 5 45 used used 740:743 arg2 eggs 719:722 20 eggs 716:722 20 eggs per strain 716:733 For each batch, 20 eggs per strain were used to determine egg composition and nutrient availability. 26240395 4 46 theme feathering 533:542 arg1 eggs 498:501 Hatching eggs 489:501 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering 489:542 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 9 47 theme Ross 1237:1240 arg1 eggs 1246:1249 Ross 308 eggs 1237:1249 Ross 308 eggs 1237:1249 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 10 48 theme Cobb 1430:1433 arg1 chicks 1439:1444 Cobb 500 chicks 1430:1444 Cobb 500 chicks 1430:1444 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 4 49 theme aged 578:581 arg1 flocks 571:576 breeder flocks 563:576 breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch 563:697 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 7 50 theme 0.9 1000:1002 arg1 g 1004:1004 g 1004:1004 g 1004:1004 The results showed that Ross 308 eggs had a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen than Cobb 500. 26240395 1 51 theme broiler 167:173 arg1 patterns 182:189 broiler growth patterns 167:189 broiler growth patterns 167:189 A progressive selection for broiler live and processing performance traits has changed broiler growth patterns during the post hatch period. 26240395 8 52 theme higher 1092:1097 arg1 matter 1103:1108 a higher dry matter 1090:1108 a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) 1090:1121 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 8 52 theme higher 1092:1097 arg1 g 1120:1120 Δ = 0.24 g 1111:1120 Δ = 0.24 g 1111:1120 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 9 53 theme 308 1242:1244 arg1 eggs 1246:1249 Ross 308 eggs 1237:1249 Ross 308 eggs 1237:1249 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 4 54 theme g. 633:634 arg1 Eggs 636:639 60 to 63 g. Eggs 624:639 60 to 63 g. Eggs 624:639 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 12 55 theme Ross 1634:1637 arg1 chicks 1643:1648 Ross 308 chicks 1634:1648 Ross 308 chicks 1634:1648 Ross 308 chicks hatched approximately 4 h later and had less hepatic glycogen (Δ = 5 mg) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 13 56 theme nutrient 1891:1898 arg1 metabolism 1900:1909 nutrient metabolism 1891:1909 nutrient metabolism 1891:1909 It can be concluded that, Cobb 500 and Ross 308 differ in egg nutrient availability and have different trajectories for embryonic development and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 4 57 theme weight 608:613 arg1 range 615:619 an egg weight range 601:619 an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs 601:639 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 7 58 theme higher 969:974 arg1 ratio 989:993 a higher yolk:albumen ratio 967:993 a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen 967:1037 The results showed that Ross 308 eggs had a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen than Cobb 500. 26240395 8 59 contain had 1086:1088 arg2 g 1120:1120 Δ = 0.24 g 1111:1120 Δ = 0.24 g 1111:1120 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 8 59 contain had 1086:1088 arg2 g 1147:1147 Δ = 0.23 g 1138:1147 Δ = 0.23 g 1138:1147 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 8 59 contain had 1086:1088 arg1 Albumen 1054:1060 Albumen 1054:1060 Albumen 1054:1060 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 8 59 contain had 1086:1088 arg1 yolk 1064:1067 yolk 1064:1067 yolk 1064:1067 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 8 59 contain had 1086:1088 arg2 fat 1133:1135 crude fat 1127:1135 crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) 1127:1148 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 8 59 contain had 1086:1088 arg2 matter 1103:1108 a higher dry matter 1090:1108 a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) 1090:1121 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 9 60 theme higher 1257:1262 arg1 content 1271:1277 a higher energy content 1255:1277 a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) 1255:1290 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 9 60 theme higher 1257:1262 arg1 kJ 1288:1289 Δ = 8.9 kJ 1280:1289 Δ = 8.9 kJ 1280:1289 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 8 61 theme 308 1077:1079 arg1 eggs 1081:1084 Ross 308 eggs 1072:1084 Ross 308 eggs 1072:1084 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 6 62 theme chambers 878:885 arg1 chambers 878:885 2 climate respiration chambers 856:885 2 climate respiration chambers 856:885 The remaining eggs were incubated separately in one of 2 climate respiration chambers at an eggshell temperature of 37.8°C. 26240395 6 62 theme chambers 878:885 arg1 one 849:851 one 849:851 one 849:851 The remaining eggs were incubated separately in one of 2 climate respiration chambers at an eggshell temperature of 37.8°C. 26240395 7 63 theme Ross 949:952 arg1 eggs 958:961 Ross 308 eggs 949:961 Ross 308 eggs 949:961 The results showed that Ross 308 eggs had a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen than Cobb 500. 26240395 1 64 theme broiler 108:114 arg1 traits 148:153 broiler live and processing performance traits 108:153 broiler live and processing performance traits 108:153 A progressive selection for broiler live and processing performance traits has changed broiler growth patterns during the post hatch period. 26240395 6 65 theme climate 858:864 arg1 chambers 878:885 2 climate respiration chambers 856:885 2 climate respiration chambers 856:885 The remaining eggs were incubated separately in one of 2 climate respiration chambers at an eggshell temperature of 37.8°C. 26240395 8 66 theme crude 1127:1131 arg1 fat 1133:1135 crude fat 1127:1135 crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) 1127:1148 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 8 66 theme crude 1127:1131 arg1 g 1147:1147 Δ = 0.23 g 1138:1147 Δ = 0.23 g 1138:1147 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 0 67 theme broiler 63:69 arg1 strains 71:77 two modern broiler strains 52:77 two modern broiler strains 52:77 Development and nutrient metabolism of embryos from two modern broiler strains. 26240395 1 68 theme performance 136:146 arg1 traits 148:153 broiler live and processing performance traits 108:153 broiler live and processing performance traits 108:153 A progressive selection for broiler live and processing performance traits has changed broiler growth patterns during the post hatch period. 26240395 12 69 theme hepatic 1695:1701 arg1 glycogen 1703:1710 hepatic glycogen 1695:1710 hepatic glycogen (Δ = 5 mg) 1695:1721 Ross 308 chicks hatched approximately 4 h later and had less hepatic glycogen (Δ = 5 mg) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 12 69 theme hepatic 1695:1701 arg1 mg 1719:1720 Δ = 5 mg 1713:1720 Δ = 5 mg 1713:1720 Ross 308 chicks hatched approximately 4 h later and had less hepatic glycogen (Δ = 5 mg) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 4 70 theme Cobb 519:522 arg1 feathering 533:542 Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering 506:542 feathering 533:542 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 6 71 theme 37.8°C 917:922 arg1 temperature 902:912 an eggshell temperature 890:912 an eggshell temperature of 37.8°C 890:922 The remaining eggs were incubated separately in one of 2 climate respiration chambers at an eggshell temperature of 37.8°C. 26240395 4 72 theme Hatching 489:496 arg1 eggs 498:501 Hatching eggs 489:501 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering 489:542 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 1 73 theme post 202:205 arg1 period 213:218 the post hatch period 198:218 the post hatch period 198:218 A progressive selection for broiler live and processing performance traits has changed broiler growth patterns during the post hatch period. 26240395 3 74 theme strain 390:395 arg1 influences 368:377 influences 368:377 influences of broiler strain on nutrient availability, embryonic development, and nutrient metabolism 368:468 This study aims to examine influences of broiler strain on nutrient availability, embryonic development, and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 9 75 contain had 1251:1253 arg1 Albumen 1217:1223 Albumen 1217:1223 Albumen 1217:1223 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 9 75 contain had 1251:1253 arg1 yolk 1229:1232 yolk 1229:1232 yolk 1229:1232 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 9 75 contain had 1251:1253 arg2 kJ 1288:1289 Δ = 8.9 kJ 1280:1289 Δ = 8.9 kJ 1280:1289 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 9 75 contain had 1251:1253 arg2 content 1271:1277 a higher energy content 1255:1277 a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) 1255:1290 Albumen and yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher energy content (Δ = 8.9 kJ) compared to Cobb 500 eggs. 26240395 13 76 theme different 1838:1846 arg1 trajectories 1848:1859 different trajectories 1838:1859 different trajectories for embryonic development and nutrient metabolism during incubation 1838:1927 It can be concluded that, Cobb 500 and Ross 308 differ in egg nutrient availability and have different trajectories for embryonic development and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 2 77 theme limited 230:236 arg1 information 238:248 limited information 230:248 limited information 230:248 However, limited information is available to understand whether changes have also occurred during the embryonic stages. 26240395 10 78 theme free 1403:1406 arg1 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 10 78 theme free 1403:1406 arg1 mass 1413:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass 1382:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) 1382:1423 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 0 79 theme embryos 39:45 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and nutrient metabolism of embryos from two modern broiler strains. 26240395 0 79 theme embryos 39:45 arg1 metabolism 25:34 nutrient metabolism 16:34 nutrient metabolism 16:34 Development and nutrient metabolism of embryos from two modern broiler strains. 26240395 1 80 theme hatch 207:211 arg1 period 213:218 the post hatch period 198:218 the post hatch period 198:218 A progressive selection for broiler live and processing performance traits has changed broiler growth patterns during the post hatch period. 26240395 4 81 theme fast 528:531 arg1 feathering 533:542 Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering 506:542 feathering 533:542 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 10 82 theme heavier 1390:1396 arg1 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 YFBM 1419:1422 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 10 82 theme heavier 1390:1396 arg1 mass 1413:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass 1382:1416 a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) 1382:1423 At 3 h after hatch, Ross 308 chicks were 0.2 cm longer and had a 0.6 g heavier yolk free body mass (YFBM) than Cobb 500 chicks. 26240395 13 83 theme nutrient 1807:1814 arg1 availability 1816:1827 egg nutrient availability 1803:1827 egg nutrient availability 1803:1827 It can be concluded that, Cobb 500 and Ross 308 differ in egg nutrient availability and have different trajectories for embryonic development and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 7 84 with ratio 989:993 arg1 albumen 1031:1037 0.7 g less albumen 1020:1037 0.7 g less albumen 1020:1037 The results showed that Ross 308 eggs had a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen than Cobb 500. 26240395 7 84 with ratio 989:993 arg1 yolk 1011:1014 0.9 g more yolk 1000:1014 0.9 g more yolk 1000:1014 The results showed that Ross 308 eggs had a higher yolk:albumen ratio with 0.9 g more yolk and 0.7 g less albumen than Cobb 500. 26240395 3 85 theme nutrient 400:407 arg1 availability 409:420 nutrient availability 400:420 nutrient availability 400:420 This study aims to examine influences of broiler strain on nutrient availability, embryonic development, and nutrient metabolism during incubation. 26240395 8 86 theme crude 1202:1206 arg1 protein 1208:1214 crude protein 1202:1214 crude protein 1202:1214 Albumen + yolk of Ross 308 eggs had a higher dry matter (Δ = 0.24 g) and crude fat (Δ = 0.23 g) than that of Cobb 500 eggs, but a similar amount of crude protein. 26240395 11 87 used used 1483:1486 arg2 embryos 1475:1481 Ross 308 embryos 1466:1481 Ross 308 embryos 1466:1481 During incubation, Ross 308 embryos used 13.9 kJ more energy than Cobb 500, and the efficiency of converting energy used to YFBM (EYFB) was approximately 7.6% lower compared to Cobb 500. 26240395 4 88 dep Eggs 636:639 arg1 to 627:628 to 627:628 to 627:628 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 26240395 2 89 theme embryonic 323:331 arg1 stages 333:338 the embryonic stages 319:338 the embryonic stages 319:338 However, limited information is available to understand whether changes have also occurred during the embryonic stages. 26240395 4 90 theme egg 604:606 arg1 range 615:619 an egg weight range 601:619 an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs 601:639 Hatching eggs of Ross 308 and Cobb 500 fast feathering were selected from breeder flocks aged 43 to 46 weeks at an egg weight range of 60 to 63 g. Eggs were obtained in 2 batches, 120 eggs per strain per batch. 24105944 2 0 theme novel 94:98 arg1 bacterium 115:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium 92:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium 92:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 2 0 theme novel 94:98 arg1 AN44 133:136 strain AN44 126:136 strain AN44(T) 126:139 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 11 1 theme type 1299:1302 arg1 strains 1304:1310 closely related type strains 1283:1310 closely related type strains 1283:1310 However, DNA-DNA relatedness between strain AN44(T) and closely related type strains was well below 70%. 24105944 5 2 dep % 464:464 arg1 w/v 467:469 w/v 467:469 w/v 467:469 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 10 3 theme % 1045:1045 arg1 similarity 1027:1036 similarity 1027:1036 similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% 1027:1193 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 12 4 from study 1395:1399 arg1 data 1352:1355 the data 1348:1355 the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1348:1399 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 14 5 theme type 1551:1554 arg1 AN44 1566:1569 AN44 1566:1569 AN44 1566:1569 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 14 5 theme type 1551:1554 arg1 strain 1556:1561 The type strain 1547:1561 The type strain 1547:1561 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 12 6 theme present 1366:1372 arg1 study 1395:1399 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1362:1399 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1362:1399 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 12 7 theme strain 1402:1407 arg1 AN44 1409:1412 strain AN44 1402:1412 strain AN44(T) 1402:1415 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 12 7 theme strain 1402:1407 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 10 8 theme rRNA 900:903 arg1 comparisons 919:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 896:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 896:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 7 9 dep ω7c/C 644:648 arg1 1 642:642 1 642:642 1 642:642 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 12 10 theme polyphasic 1374:1383 arg1 study 1395:1399 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1362:1399 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1362:1399 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 10 11 theme % 1099:1099 arg1 similarity 1027:1036 similarity 1027:1036 similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% 1027:1193 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 2 12 theme strain 126:131 arg1 T 138:138 T 138:138 T 138:138 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 2 12 theme strain 126:131 arg1 bacterium 115:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium 92:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium 92:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 2 12 theme strain 126:131 arg1 AN44 133:136 strain AN44 126:136 strain AN44(T) 126:139 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 10 13 theme gene 905:908 arg1 comparisons 919:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 896:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 896:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 1 14 theme coral 48:52 arg1 echinata 61:68 the coral Fungia echinata 44:68 the coral Fungia echinata from the Andaman Sea 44:89 nov., isolated from the coral Fungia echinata from the Andaman Sea. 24105944 5 15 theme Heterotrophic 314:326 arg1 growth 328:333 Heterotrophic growth 314:333 Heterotrophic growth 314:333 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 10 16 with % 1143:1143 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 16 with % 1143:1143 arg1 R-40503 1174:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503 1150:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) 1150:1183 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 16 with % 1143:1143 arg1 T 1091:1091 T 1091:1091 T 1091:1091 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 16 with % 1143:1143 arg1 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 16 with % 1143:1143 arg1 11SM4 1129:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4 1106:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T) 1106:1136 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 16 with % 1143:1143 arg1 ostreistagni 1064:1075 ostreistagni 1064:1075 ostreistagni 1064:1075 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 5 17 theme NaCl 472:475 arg1 presence 446:453 the presence 442:453 the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl 442:475 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 1 18 theme Fungia 54:59 arg1 echinata 61:68 the coral Fungia echinata 44:68 the coral Fungia echinata from the Andaman Sea 44:89 nov., isolated from the coral Fungia echinata from the Andaman Sea. 24105944 2 19 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 AN44 133:136 strain AN44 126:136 strain AN44(T) 126:139 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 2 19 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 bacterium 115:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium 92:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium 92:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 2 19 attach isolated 146:153 arg1 echinata 177:184 the coral Fungia echinata 160:184 the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India 160:220 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 10 20 theme Marinomonas 1200:1210 arg1 communis 1212:1219 Marinomonas communis 8 1200:1221 Marinomonas communis 8(T) 1200:1224 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 20 theme Marinomonas 1200:1210 arg1 T 1223:1223 T 1223:1223 T 1223:1223 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 6 21 theme G+C 538:540 arg1 % 562:562 47.8 mol% 554:562 47.8 mol% 554:562 The DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. 24105944 6 21 theme G+C 538:540 arg1 content 542:548 The DNA G+C content 530:548 The DNA G+C content 530:548 The DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. 24105944 0 22 theme fungiae 12:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Marinomonas fungiae sp 0:21 Marinomonas fungiae sp. 0:22 Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 2 23 theme marine 108:113 arg1 bacterium 115:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium 92:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium 92:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 2 23 theme marine 108:113 arg1 AN44 133:136 strain AN44 126:136 strain AN44(T) 126:139 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 5 24 theme optimal 482:488 arg1 % 527:527 3-5% 524:527 3-5% 524:527 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 5 24 theme optimal 482:488 arg1 concentration 495:507 the optimal NaCl concentration 478:507 the optimal NaCl concentration for growth 478:518 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 7 25 dep 16 637:638 arg1 3-OH 683:686 C(10 : 0) 3-OH 673:686 C(10 : 0) 3-OH 673:686 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 7 25 dep 16 637:638 arg1 C 662:662 C(16 : 0) 662:670 C(16 : 0) 662:670 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 7 25 dep 16 637:638 arg1 C 700:700 C(10 : 0 700:707 C(10 : 0 700:707 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 7 25 dep 16 637:638 arg1 ω6c 657:659 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c 642:659 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c 642:659 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 7 25 dep 16 637:638 arg1 C 689:689 C(12 : 0) 689:697 C(12 : 0) 689:697 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 9 26 theme unidentified 801:812 arg1 glycolipids 883:893 two unidentified glycolipids 866:893 two unidentified glycolipids 866:893 The polar lipids were an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. 24105944 9 26 theme unidentified 801:812 arg1 phospholipid 814:825 an unidentified phospholipid 798:825 an unidentified phospholipid 798:825 The polar lipids were an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. 24105944 9 26 theme unidentified 801:812 arg1 lipids 786:791 The polar lipids 776:791 The polar lipids 776:791 The polar lipids were an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. 24105944 9 26 theme unidentified 801:812 arg1 aminophospholipid 844:860 aminophospholipid 844:860 aminophospholipid 844:860 The polar lipids were an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. 24105944 5 27 theme °C. 415:417 arg1 Strain 419:424 28 °C. Strain AN44 412:429 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) 412:432 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 5 27 theme °C. 415:417 arg1 T 431:431 T 431:431 T 431:431 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 12 28 theme fungiae 1517:1523 arg1 sp 1525:1526 the name Marinomonas fungiae sp 1496:1526 the name Marinomonas fungiae sp 1496:1526 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 0 29 theme Marinomonas 0:10 arg1 sp 20:21 Marinomonas fungiae sp 0:21 Marinomonas fungiae sp. 0:22 Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 5 30 theme NaCl 490:493 arg1 % 527:527 3-5% 524:527 3-5% 524:527 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 5 30 theme NaCl 490:493 arg1 concentration 495:507 the optimal NaCl concentration 478:507 the optimal NaCl concentration for growth 478:518 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 5 31 theme 0.5-11 458:463 arg1 % 464:464 % 464:464 % 464:464 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 5 32 theme optimum 383:389 arg1 growth 391:396 optimum growth 383:396 optimum growth at pH 7-8 383:406 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 8 33 theme isoprenoid 745:754 arg1 Q-8 771:773 Q-8 771:773 Q-8 771:773 The sole isoprenoid ubiquinone was Q-8. 24105944 8 33 theme isoprenoid 745:754 arg1 ubiquinone 756:765 The sole isoprenoid ubiquinone 736:765 The sole isoprenoid ubiquinone 736:765 The sole isoprenoid ubiquinone was Q-8. 24105944 12 34 dep data 1352:1355 arg1 the 1335:1337 the 1335:1337 the 1335:1337 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 12 34 dep data 1352:1355 arg1 basis 1339:1343 basis 1339:1343 basis 1339:1343 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 5 35 theme % 464:464 arg1 NaCl 472:475 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl 458:475 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl 458:475 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 1 36 theme Andaman 79:85 arg1 Sea 87:89 the Andaman Sea 75:89 the Andaman Sea 75:89 nov., isolated from the coral Fungia echinata from the Andaman Sea. 24105944 14 37 theme T 1588:1588 arg1 27065 1597:1601  = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065 1575:1601  = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T) 1575:1604 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 14 37 theme T 1588:1588 arg1 T 1603:1603 T 1603:1603 T 1603:1603 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 10 38 theme brasilensis 1162:1172 arg1 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 38 theme brasilensis 1162:1172 arg1 R-40503 1174:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503 1150:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) 1150:1183 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 12 39 theme taxonomic 1385:1393 arg1 study 1395:1399 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1362:1399 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1362:1399 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 10 40 theme Marinomonas 1004:1014 arg1 radiation 981:989 the radiation 977:989 the radiation of the genus Marinomonas 977:1014 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 5 41 dep observed 339:346 arg1 % 527:527 3-5% 524:527 3-5% 524:527 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 5 41 dep observed 339:346 arg1 concentration 495:507 the optimal NaCl concentration 478:507 the optimal NaCl concentration for growth 478:518 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 14 42 theme 18476 1582:1586 arg1 27065 1597:1601  = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065 1575:1601  = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T) 1575:1604 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 14 42 theme 18476 1582:1586 arg1 T 1603:1603 T 1603:1603 T 1603:1603 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 10 43 theme Marinomonas 1150:1160 arg1 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 43 theme Marinomonas 1150:1160 arg1 R-40503 1174:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503 1150:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) 1150:1183 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 11 44 theme DNA-DNA 1236:1242 arg1 relatedness 1244:1254 DNA-DNA relatedness 1236:1254 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain AN44(T) and closely related type strains 1236:1310 However, DNA-DNA relatedness between strain AN44(T) and closely related type strains was well below 70%. 24105944 10 45 theme genus 998:1002 arg1 Marinomonas 1004:1014 the genus Marinomonas 994:1014 the genus Marinomonas 994:1014 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 14 46 theme  = LMG 1590:1595 arg1 27065 1597:1601  = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065 1575:1601  = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T) 1575:1604 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 14 46 theme  = LMG 1590:1595 arg1 T 1603:1603 T 1603:1603 T 1603:1603 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 5 47 from pH 401:402 arg1 growth 391:396 optimum growth 383:396 optimum growth at pH 7-8 383:406 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 12 48 theme Marinomonas 1505:1515 arg1 sp 1525:1526 the name Marinomonas fungiae sp 1496:1526 the name Marinomonas fungiae sp 1496:1526 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 12 49 theme name 1500:1503 arg1 sp 1525:1526 the name Marinomonas fungiae sp 1496:1526 the name Marinomonas fungiae sp 1496:1526 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 6 50 theme DNA 534:536 arg1 % 562:562 47.8 mol% 554:562 47.8 mol% 554:562 The DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. 24105944 6 50 theme DNA 534:536 arg1 content 542:548 The DNA G+C content 530:548 The DNA G+C content 530:548 The DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. 24105944 7 51 theme AN44 608:611 arg1 acids 592:596 Predominant cellular fatty acids 565:596 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) 565:614 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 2 52 theme Fungia 170:175 arg1 echinata 177:184 the coral Fungia echinata 160:184 the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India 160:220 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 10 53 theme % 1143:1143 arg1 similarity 1027:1036 similarity 1027:1036 similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% 1027:1193 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 54 theme aquimarina 1118:1127 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 54 theme aquimarina 1118:1127 arg1 11SM4 1129:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4 1106:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T) 1106:1136 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 9 55 theme unidentified 870:881 arg1 glycolipids 883:893 two unidentified glycolipids 866:893 two unidentified glycolipids 866:893 The polar lipids were an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. 24105944 9 55 theme unidentified 870:881 arg1 phospholipid 814:825 an unidentified phospholipid 798:825 an unidentified phospholipid 798:825 The polar lipids were an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. 24105944 10 56 with % 1099:1099 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 56 with % 1099:1099 arg1 R-40503 1174:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503 1150:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) 1150:1183 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 56 with % 1099:1099 arg1 T 1091:1091 T 1091:1091 T 1091:1091 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 56 with % 1099:1099 arg1 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 56 with % 1099:1099 arg1 11SM4 1129:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4 1106:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T) 1106:1136 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 56 with % 1099:1099 arg1 ostreistagni 1064:1075 ostreistagni 1064:1075 ostreistagni 1064:1075 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 2 57 theme coral 164:168 arg1 echinata 177:184 the coral Fungia echinata 160:184 the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India 160:220 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 4 58 theme Oxidase 272:278 arg1 tests 293:297 Oxidase and catalase tests 272:297 Oxidase and catalase tests 272:297 Oxidase and catalase tests were positive. 24105944 10 59 theme Marinomonas 1106:1116 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 59 theme Marinomonas 1106:1116 arg1 11SM4 1129:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4 1106:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T) 1106:1136 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 60 theme sequence 910:917 arg1 comparisons 919:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 896:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 896:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 9 61 theme polar 780:784 arg1 phospholipid 814:825 an unidentified phospholipid 798:825 an unidentified phospholipid 798:825 The polar lipids were an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. 24105944 9 61 theme polar 780:784 arg1 lipids 786:791 The polar lipids 776:791 The polar lipids 776:791 The polar lipids were an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. 24105944 5 62 located observed 339:346 arg1 pH 351:352 pH 5.5-10 351:359 pH 5.5-10 351:359 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 5 62 located observed 339:346 arg2 growth 328:333 Heterotrophic growth 314:333 Heterotrophic growth 314:333 Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5-10 and at 16-42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7-8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44(T) grew in the presence of 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3-5%. 24105944 7 63 theme C 673:673 arg1 3-OH 683:686 C(10 : 0) 3-OH 673:686 C(10 : 0) 3-OH 673:686 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 7 63 theme C 673:673 arg1 C 662:662 C(16 : 0) 662:670 C(16 : 0) 662:670 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 11 64 theme related 1291:1297 arg1 strains 1304:1310 closely related type strains 1283:1310 closely related type strains 1283:1310 However, DNA-DNA relatedness between strain AN44(T) and closely related type strains was well below 70%. 24105944 12 65 theme novel 1446:1450 arg1 species 1452:1458 a novel species 1444:1458 a novel species 1444:1458 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 7 66 theme strain 601:606 arg1 AN44 608:611 strain AN44 601:611 strain AN44(T) 601:614 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 7 66 theme strain 601:606 arg1 T 613:613 T 613:613 T 613:613 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 4 67 theme catalase 284:291 arg1 tests 293:297 Oxidase and catalase tests 272:297 Oxidase and catalase tests 272:297 Oxidase and catalase tests were positive. 24105944 12 68 theme genus 1467:1471 arg1 Marinomonas 1473:1483 the genus Marinomonas 1463:1483 the genus Marinomonas 1463:1483 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 1 69 from Sea 87:89 arg1 echinata 61:68 the coral Fungia echinata 44:68 the coral Fungia echinata from the Andaman Sea 44:89 nov., isolated from the coral Fungia echinata from the Andaman Sea. 24105944 7 70 theme fatty 586:590 arg1 acids 592:596 Predominant cellular fatty acids 565:596 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) 565:614 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 7 71 dep C 635:635 arg1 16 637:638 16 637:638 16 637:638 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 10 72 theme 16S 896:898 arg1 comparisons 919:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 896:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 896:929 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 73 theme % 1193:1193 arg1 similarity 1027:1036 similarity 1027:1036 similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% 1027:1193 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 14 74 theme  = JCM 1575:1580 arg1 27065 1597:1601  = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065 1575:1601  = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T) 1575:1604 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 14 74 theme  = JCM 1575:1580 arg1 T 1603:1603 T 1603:1603 T 1603:1603 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 10 75 with % 1193:1193 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 75 with % 1193:1193 arg1 R-40503 1174:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503 1150:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) 1150:1183 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 75 with % 1193:1193 arg1 T 1091:1091 T 1091:1091 T 1091:1091 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 75 with % 1193:1193 arg1 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 75 with % 1193:1193 arg1 11SM4 1129:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4 1106:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T) 1106:1136 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 75 with % 1193:1193 arg1 ostreistagni 1064:1075 ostreistagni 1064:1075 ostreistagni 1064:1075 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 76 with % 1045:1045 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 76 with % 1045:1045 arg1 R-40503 1174:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503 1150:1180 Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) 1150:1183 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 76 with % 1045:1045 arg1 T 1091:1091 T 1091:1091 T 1091:1091 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 76 with % 1045:1045 arg1 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 T 1182:1182 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 76 with % 1045:1045 arg1 11SM4 1129:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4 1106:1133 Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T) 1106:1136 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 10 76 with % 1045:1045 arg1 ostreistagni 1064:1075 ostreistagni 1064:1075 ostreistagni 1064:1075 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44(T) clustered within the radiation of the genus Marinomonas and showed similarity of 97.9% with Marinomonas ostreistagni UST010306-043(T), 97.8% with Marinomonas aquimarina 11SM4(T), 97.1% with Marinomonas brasilensis R-40503(T) and 97.0% with Marinomonas communis 8(T). 24105944 12 77 theme Marinomonas 1473:1483 arg1 species 1452:1458 a novel species 1444:1458 a novel species 1444:1458 On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas fungiae sp. 24105944 7 78 theme ω7c/C 644:648 arg1 ω6c 657:659 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c 642:659 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c 642:659 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 7 79 theme Predominant 565:575 arg1 acids 592:596 Predominant cellular fatty acids 565:596 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) 565:614 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 24105944 14 80 dep AN44 1566:1569 arg1 27065 1597:1601  = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065 1575:1601  = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T) 1575:1604 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 14 80 dep AN44 1566:1569 arg1 T 1603:1603 T 1603:1603 T 1603:1603 The type strain is AN44(T) ( = JCM 18476(T) = LMG 27065(T)). 24105944 2 81 theme aerobic 100:106 arg1 bacterium 115:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium 92:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium 92:123 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 2 81 theme aerobic 100:106 arg1 AN44 133:136 strain AN44 126:136 strain AN44(T) 126:139 A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44(T), was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. 24105944 6 82 theme mol 559:561 arg1 % 562:562 47.8 mol% 554:562 47.8 mol% 554:562 The DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. 24105944 6 82 theme mol 559:561 arg1 content 542:548 The DNA G+C content 530:548 The DNA G+C content 530:548 The DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. 24105944 8 83 theme sole 740:743 arg1 Q-8 771:773 Q-8 771:773 Q-8 771:773 The sole isoprenoid ubiquinone was Q-8. 24105944 8 83 theme sole 740:743 arg1 ubiquinone 756:765 The sole isoprenoid ubiquinone 736:765 The sole isoprenoid ubiquinone 736:765 The sole isoprenoid ubiquinone was Q-8. 24105944 7 84 theme cellular 577:584 arg1 acids 592:596 Predominant cellular fatty acids 565:596 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) 565:614 Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c, C(16 : 0), C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(12 : 0), C(10 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). 29179682 10 0 from change 1534:1539 arg1 abundances 1593:1602 abundances 1593:1602 abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota 1593:1646 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 0 from change 1534:1539 arg1 diversities 1559:1569 alpha and beta diversities 1544:1569 alpha and beta diversities 1544:1569 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 0 from change 1534:1539 arg1 richness 1580:1587 species richness 1572:1587 species richness 1572:1587 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 7 1 dep RESULTS 1000:1006 arg1 microbiota 1012:1021 Gut microbiota 1008:1021 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls 1000:1058 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 2 2 theme lactulose 331:339 arg1 administration 341:354 lactulose administration 331:354 lactulose administration 331:354 We studied the composition of gut microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and assessed the effect on it of lactulose administration. 29179682 6 3 theme bacterial 838:846 arg1 taxa 848:851 various bacterial taxa 830:851 various bacterial taxa 830:851 Abundances of various bacterial taxa, and indices of alpha and beta diversity were compared, between patients and controls, and between specimens collected before and after lactulose. 29179682 2 4 from effect 315:320 arg1 it 325:326 it 325:326 it 325:326 We studied the composition of gut microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and assessed the effect on it of lactulose administration. 29179682 3 5 with patients 404:411 arg1 cirrhosis 418:426 cirrhosis 418:426 cirrhosis 418:426 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 8 6 theme dominant 1183:1190 arg1 phyla 1192:1196 dominant phyla 1183:1196 dominant phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) 1183:1243 Abundances of dominant phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) were similar. 29179682 7 7 theme cirrhosis 1028:1036 arg1 patients 1038:1045 cirrhosis patients 1028:1045 cirrhosis patients 1028:1045 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 2 8 theme microbiota 260:269 arg1 composition 241:251 the composition 237:251 the composition of gut microbiota in patients with cirrhosis 237:296 We studied the composition of gut microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and assessed the effect on it of lactulose administration. 29179682 5 9 theme principal 784:792 arg1 analysis 806:813 principal co-ordinate analysis 784:813 principal co-ordinate analysis 784:813 Inter-specimen relationship was studied using principal co-ordinate analysis. 29179682 10 10 theme alpha 1544:1548 arg1 abundances 1593:1602 abundances 1593:1602 abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota 1593:1646 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 10 theme alpha 1544:1548 arg1 diversities 1559:1569 alpha and beta diversities 1544:1569 alpha and beta diversities 1544:1569 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 10 theme alpha 1544:1548 arg1 richness 1580:1587 species richness 1572:1587 species richness 1572:1587 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 7 11 with patients 1112:1119 arg1 cirrhosis 1126:1134 cirrhosis 1126:1134 cirrhosis 1126:1134 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 7 12 dep showed 1060:1065 arg1 had 1136:1138 had 1136:1138 showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity 1060:1166 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 6 13 theme beta 879:882 arg1 indices 858:864 indices 858:864 indices of alpha and beta diversity 858:892 Abundances of various bacterial taxa, and indices of alpha and beta diversity were compared, between patients and controls, and between specimens collected before and after lactulose. 29179682 6 13 theme beta 879:882 arg1 Abundances 816:825 Abundances 816:825 Abundances of various bacterial taxa 816:851 Abundances of various bacterial taxa, and indices of alpha and beta diversity were compared, between patients and controls, and between specimens collected before and after lactulose. 29179682 6 14 theme alpha 869:873 arg1 indices 858:864 indices 858:864 indices of alpha and beta diversity 858:892 Abundances of various bacterial taxa, and indices of alpha and beta diversity were compared, between patients and controls, and between specimens collected before and after lactulose. 29179682 6 14 theme alpha 869:873 arg1 Abundances 816:825 Abundances 816:825 Abundances of various bacterial taxa 816:851 Abundances of various bacterial taxa, and indices of alpha and beta diversity were compared, between patients and controls, and between specimens collected before and after lactulose. 29179682 6 15 dep alpha 869:873 arg1 diversity 884:892 diversity 884:892 diversity 884:892 Abundances of various bacterial taxa, and indices of alpha and beta diversity were compared, between patients and controls, and between specimens collected before and after lactulose. 29179682 10 16 theme beta 1554:1557 arg1 abundances 1593:1602 abundances 1593:1602 abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota 1593:1646 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 16 theme beta 1554:1557 arg1 diversities 1559:1569 alpha and beta diversities 1544:1569 alpha and beta diversities 1544:1569 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 16 theme beta 1554:1557 arg1 richness 1580:1587 species richness 1572:1587 species richness 1572:1587 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 9 17 theme several 1443:1449 arg1 families 1451:1458 several families 1443:1458 several families 1443:1458 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 4 18 theme DNA 633:635 arg1 library 637:643 a DNA library 631:643 a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA 631:687 For each, a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing. 29179682 9 19 with patients 1268:1275 arg1 cirrhosis 1282:1290 cirrhosis 1282:1290 cirrhosis 1282:1290 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 11 20 theme healthy 1701:1707 arg1 persons 1709:1715 healthy persons 1701:1715 healthy persons 1701:1715 CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota in cirrhosis differ from healthy persons and do not change following lactulose administration. 29179682 2 21 with patients 274:281 arg1 cirrhosis 288:296 cirrhosis 288:296 cirrhosis 288:296 We studied the composition of gut microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and assessed the effect on it of lactulose administration. 29179682 0 22 from microbiota 17:26 arg1 patients 31:38 patients 31:38 patients with cirrhosis 31:53 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and the effect of lactulose administration. 29179682 4 23 theme bacterial 661:669 arg1 RNA 685:687 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA 661:687 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA 661:687 For each, a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing. 29179682 0 24 theme administration 83:96 arg1 microbiota 17:26 Faecal bacterial microbiota 0:26 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis 0:53 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and the effect of lactulose administration. 29179682 0 24 theme administration 83:96 arg1 effect 63:68 the effect 59:68 the effect of lactulose administration 59:96 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and the effect of lactulose administration. 29179682 1 25 with patients 143:150 arg1 cirrhosis 157:165 cirrhosis 157:165 cirrhosis 157:165 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota may be altered in patients with cirrhosis, and may further change after administration of lactulose. 29179682 8 26 dep Firmicutes 1214:1223 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1199:1211 Bacteroidetes 1199:1211 Bacteroidetes 1199:1211 Abundances of dominant phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) were similar. 29179682 4 27 theme ribosomal 675:683 arg1 RNA 685:687 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA 661:687 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA 661:687 For each, a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing. 29179682 3 28 dep patients 404:411 arg1 male 429:432 male 26 429:435 male 26; median [range 429:450 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 0 29 theme Faecal 0:5 arg1 microbiota 17:26 Faecal bacterial microbiota 0:26 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis 0:53 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and the effect of lactulose administration. 29179682 8 30 dep phyla 1192:1196 arg1 Proteobacteria 1229:1242 Proteobacteria 1229:1242 Proteobacteria 1229:1242 Abundances of dominant phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) were similar. 29179682 8 30 dep phyla 1192:1196 arg1 Firmicutes 1214:1223 Firmicutes 1214:1223 Firmicutes 1214:1223 Abundances of dominant phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) were similar. 29179682 2 31 from composition 241:251 arg1 patients 274:281 patients 274:281 patients with cirrhosis 274:296 We studied the composition of gut microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and assessed the effect on it of lactulose administration. 29179682 11 32 theme CONCLUSIONS 1649:1659 arg1 microbiota 1665:1674 CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota 1649:1674 CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota in cirrhosis 1649:1687 CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota in cirrhosis differ from healthy persons and do not change following lactulose administration. 29179682 3 33 theme Stool 365:369 arg1 specimens 371:379 Stool specimens 365:379 Stool specimens 365:379 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 4 34 theme region 651:656 arg1 library 637:643 a DNA library 631:643 a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA 631:687 For each, a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing. 29179682 1 35 theme Gut 110:112 arg1 microbiota 114:123 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota 99:123 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota 99:123 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota may be altered in patients with cirrhosis, and may further change after administration of lactulose. 29179682 3 36 dep male 501:504 arg1 [24-67 515:520 14; 44.5 [24-67 506:520 14; 44.5 [24-67 506:520 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 3 37 theme lactulose 575:583 arg1 administration 585:598 lactulose administration 575:598 lactulose administration 575:598 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 4 38 theme Illumina 717:724 arg1 sequencing 726:735 paired-end Illumina sequencing 706:735 paired-end Illumina sequencing 706:735 For each, a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing. 29179682 10 39 theme bacterial 1615:1623 arg1 taxa 1625:1628 various bacterial taxa 1607:1628 various bacterial taxa 1607:1628 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 9 40 contain had 1292:1294 arg2 differences 1414:1424 differences 1414:1424 differences in abundances of several families and genera 1414:1469 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 9 40 contain had 1292:1294 arg2 abundances 1302:1311 lower abundances 1296:1311 lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae 1296:1407 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 9 40 contain had 1292:1294 arg1 patients 1268:1275 patients 1268:1275 patients with cirrhosis 1268:1290 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 1 41 theme lactulose 215:223 arg1 administration 197:210 administration 197:210 administration of lactulose 197:223 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota may be altered in patients with cirrhosis, and may further change after administration of lactulose. 29179682 3 42 theme healthy 483:489 arg1 controls 491:498 18 healthy controls 480:498 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years) 480:528 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 3 42 theme healthy 483:489 arg1 years 523:527 male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years 501:527 male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years 501:527 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 10 43 theme various 1607:1613 arg1 taxa 1625:1628 various bacterial taxa 1607:1628 various bacterial taxa 1607:1628 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 7 44 theme differential 1067:1078 arg1 clustering 1080:1089 differential clustering 1067:1089 differential clustering 1067:1089 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 12 45 from alteration 1868:1877 arg1 microbiota 1886:1895 gut microbiota 1882:1895 gut microbiota 1882:1895 The latter suggests that the effect of lactulose on hepatic encephalopathy may not be related to alteration in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 46 theme Lactulose 1489:1497 arg1 administration 1499:1512 Lactulose administration 1489:1512 Lactulose administration 1489:1512 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 7 47 theme alpha 1152:1156 arg1 diversity 1158:1166 less marked alpha diversity 1140:1166 less marked alpha diversity 1140:1166 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 0 48 with patients 31:38 arg1 cirrhosis 45:53 cirrhosis 45:53 cirrhosis 45:53 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and the effect of lactulose administration. 29179682 2 49 theme administration 341:354 arg1 effect 315:320 the effect 311:320 the effect on it of lactulose administration 311:354 We studied the composition of gut microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and assessed the effect on it of lactulose administration. 29179682 6 50 theme taxa 848:851 arg1 indices 858:864 indices 858:864 indices of alpha and beta diversity 858:892 Abundances of various bacterial taxa, and indices of alpha and beta diversity were compared, between patients and controls, and between specimens collected before and after lactulose. 29179682 6 50 theme taxa 848:851 arg1 Abundances 816:825 Abundances 816:825 Abundances of various bacterial taxa 816:851 Abundances of various bacterial taxa, and indices of alpha and beta diversity were compared, between patients and controls, and between specimens collected before and after lactulose. 29179682 6 51 theme various 830:836 arg1 taxa 848:851 various bacterial taxa 830:851 various bacterial taxa 830:851 Abundances of various bacterial taxa, and indices of alpha and beta diversity were compared, between patients and controls, and between specimens collected before and after lactulose. 29179682 7 52 theme Gut 1008:1010 arg1 microbiota 1012:1021 Gut microbiota 1008:1021 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls 1000:1058 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 5 53 theme co-ordinate 794:804 arg1 analysis 806:813 principal co-ordinate analysis 784:813 principal co-ordinate analysis 784:813 Inter-specimen relationship was studied using principal co-ordinate analysis. 29179682 8 54 theme phyla 1192:1196 arg1 Abundances 1169:1178 Abundances 1169:1178 Abundances of dominant phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) 1169:1243 Abundances of dominant phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) were similar. 29179682 3 55 theme male 501:504 arg1 years 523:527 male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years 501:527 male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years 501:527 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 3 55 theme male 501:504 arg1 controls 491:498 18 healthy controls 480:498 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years) 480:528 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 5 56 theme Inter-specimen 738:751 arg1 relationship 753:764 Inter-specimen relationship 738:764 Inter-specimen relationship 738:764 Inter-specimen relationship was studied using principal co-ordinate analysis. 29179682 10 57 theme species 1572:1578 arg1 diversities 1559:1569 alpha and beta diversities 1544:1569 alpha and beta diversities 1544:1569 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 57 theme species 1572:1578 arg1 richness 1580:1587 species richness 1572:1587 species richness 1572:1587 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 11 58 theme lactulose 1745:1753 arg1 administration 1755:1768 lactulose administration 1745:1768 lactulose administration 1745:1768 CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota in cirrhosis differ from healthy persons and do not change following lactulose administration. 29179682 0 59 from effect 63:68 arg1 patients 31:38 patients 31:38 patients with cirrhosis 31:53 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and the effect of lactulose administration. 29179682 12 60 from effect 1800:1805 arg1 encephalopathy 1831:1844 hepatic encephalopathy 1823:1844 hepatic encephalopathy 1823:1844 The latter suggests that the effect of lactulose on hepatic encephalopathy may not be related to alteration in gut microbiota. 29179682 2 61 theme gut 256:258 arg1 microbiota 260:269 gut microbiota 256:269 gut microbiota 256:269 We studied the composition of gut microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and assessed the effect on it of lactulose administration. 29179682 9 62 theme families 1451:1458 arg1 abundances 1429:1438 abundances 1429:1438 abundances of several families and genera 1429:1469 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 9 63 from differences 1414:1424 arg1 abundances 1429:1438 abundances 1429:1438 abundances of several families and genera 1429:1469 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 9 64 theme genera 1464:1469 arg1 abundances 1429:1438 abundances 1429:1438 abundances of several families and genera 1429:1469 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 11 65 from microbiota 1665:1674 arg1 cirrhosis 1679:1687 cirrhosis 1679:1687 cirrhosis 1679:1687 CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota in cirrhosis differ from healthy persons and do not change following lactulose administration. 29179682 7 66 theme marked 1145:1150 arg1 diversity 1158:1166 less marked alpha diversity 1140:1166 less marked alpha diversity 1140:1166 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 0 67 theme lactulose 73:81 arg1 administration 83:96 lactulose administration 73:96 lactulose administration 73:96 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and the effect of lactulose administration. 29179682 12 68 theme gut 1882:1884 arg1 microbiota 1886:1895 gut microbiota 1882:1895 gut microbiota 1882:1895 The latter suggests that the effect of lactulose on hepatic encephalopathy may not be related to alteration in gut microbiota. 29179682 9 69 from abundances 1302:1311 arg1 abundances 1429:1438 abundances 1429:1438 abundances of several families and genera 1429:1469 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 3 70 dep age 453:455 arg1 years 469:473 42 [29-65] years 458:473 age: 42 [29-65] years 453:473 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 7 71 from patients 1112:1119 arg1 clustering 1080:1089 differential clustering 1067:1089 differential clustering 1067:1089 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 7 71 from patients 1112:1119 arg1 microbiota 1096:1105 microbiota 1096:1105 microbiota from patients with cirrhosis 1096:1134 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 4 72 theme 16S 671:673 arg1 RNA 685:687 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA 661:687 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA 661:687 For each, a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing. 29179682 0 73 theme bacterial 7:15 arg1 microbiota 17:26 Faecal bacterial microbiota 0:26 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis 0:53 Faecal bacterial microbiota in patients with cirrhosis and the effect of lactulose administration. 29179682 12 74 theme hepatic 1823:1829 arg1 encephalopathy 1831:1844 hepatic encephalopathy 1823:1844 hepatic encephalopathy 1823:1844 The latter suggests that the effect of lactulose on hepatic encephalopathy may not be related to alteration in gut microbiota. 29179682 1 75 theme BACKGROUND 99:108 arg1 microbiota 114:123 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota 99:123 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota 99:123 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota may be altered in patients with cirrhosis, and may further change after administration of lactulose. 29179682 4 76 theme V3 648:649 arg1 region 651:656 V3 region 648:656 V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA 648:687 For each, a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing. 29179682 10 77 theme taxa 1625:1628 arg1 abundances 1593:1602 abundances 1593:1602 abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota 1593:1646 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 77 theme taxa 1625:1628 arg1 diversities 1559:1569 alpha and beta diversities 1544:1569 alpha and beta diversities 1544:1569 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 77 theme taxa 1625:1628 arg1 richness 1580:1587 species richness 1572:1587 species richness 1572:1587 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 9 78 theme lower 1296:1300 arg1 abundances 1302:1311 lower abundances 1296:1311 lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae 1296:1407 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 7 79 from patients 1038:1045 arg1 microbiota 1012:1021 Gut microbiota 1008:1021 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls 1000:1058 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 4 80 theme paired-end 706:715 arg1 sequencing 726:735 paired-end Illumina sequencing 706:735 paired-end Illumina sequencing 706:735 For each, a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing. 29179682 3 81 theme median 438:443 arg1 [range 445:450 median [range 438:450 male 26; median [range 429:450 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 3 82 with controls 491:498 arg1 cirrhosis 418:426 cirrhosis 418:426 cirrhosis 418:426 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 3 83 dep male 429:432 arg1 age 453:455 age 453:455 age: 42 [29-65] years 453:473 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 3 83 dep male 429:432 arg1 [range 445:450 median [range 438:450 male 26; median [range 429:450 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 10 84 from richness 1580:1587 arg1 microbiota 1637:1646 gut microbiota 1633:1646 gut microbiota 1633:1646 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 7 85 from controls 1051:1058 arg1 microbiota 1012:1021 Gut microbiota 1008:1021 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls 1000:1058 RESULTS Gut microbiota from cirrhosis patients and controls showed differential clustering, and microbiota from patients with cirrhosis had less marked alpha diversity. 29179682 3 86 theme [29-65 461:466 arg1 years 469:473 42 [29-65] years 458:473 age: 42 [29-65] years 453:473 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 9 87 theme phyla 1321:1325 arg1 differences 1414:1424 differences 1414:1424 differences in abundances of several families and genera 1414:1469 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 9 87 theme phyla 1321:1325 arg1 abundances 1302:1311 lower abundances 1296:1311 lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae 1296:1407 However, patients with cirrhosis had lower abundances of five phyla, namely Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia and Lentisphaerae, and differences in abundances of several families and genera than in controls. 29179682 12 88 theme lactulose 1810:1818 arg1 related 1857:1863 related 1857:1863 related 1857:1863 The latter suggests that the effect of lactulose on hepatic encephalopathy may not be related to alteration in gut microbiota. 29179682 12 88 theme lactulose 1810:1818 arg1 effect 1800:1805 the effect 1796:1805 the effect of lactulose on hepatic encephalopathy 1796:1844 The latter suggests that the effect of lactulose on hepatic encephalopathy may not be related to alteration in gut microbiota. 29179682 10 89 from abundances 1593:1602 arg1 microbiota 1637:1646 gut microbiota 1633:1646 gut microbiota 1633:1646 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 29179682 3 90 dep METHODS 357:363 arg1 collected 386:394 collected 386:394 were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years) 381:528 METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 35 patients with cirrhosis (male 26; median [range] age: 42 [29-65] years) and 18 healthy controls (male 14; 44.5 [24-67] years); 21 patients provided another specimen after lactulose administration for 55 [42-77] days. 29179682 11 91 theme Gut 1661:1663 arg1 microbiota 1665:1674 CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota 1649:1674 CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota in cirrhosis 1649:1687 CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota in cirrhosis differ from healthy persons and do not change following lactulose administration. 29179682 4 92 theme RNA 685:687 arg1 region 651:656 V3 region 648:656 V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA 648:687 For each, a DNA library of V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing. 29179682 10 93 theme gut 1633:1635 arg1 microbiota 1637:1646 gut microbiota 1633:1646 gut microbiota 1633:1646 Lactulose administration did not lead to any change in alpha and beta diversities, species richness and abundances of various bacterial taxa in gut microbiota. 26297172 3 0 theme genus 778:782 arg1 delineation 758:768 species delineation 750:768 species delineation of this genus 750:782 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 10 1 theme genus 1620:1624 arg1 Kribbella 1626:1634 the genus Kribbella 1616:1634 the genus Kribbella 1616:1634 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 12 2 theme type 1702:1705 arg1 strain 1707:1712 The type strain 1698:1712 The type strain 1698:1712 The type strain is XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)). 26297172 12 2 theme type 1702:1705 arg1 XMU 1717:1719 XMU 706 1717:1723 XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)) 1717:1763 The type strain is XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)). 26297172 1 3 theme herbaceous 66:75 arg1 plant 77:81 a herbaceous plant 64:81 a herbaceous plant 64:81 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 3 theme herbaceous 66:75 arg1 XMU 111:113 Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706 84:117 Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T) 84:120 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 3 4 theme subunit 578:584 arg1 gyrB 594:597 gyrB 594:597 gyrB 594:597 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 3 4 theme subunit 578:584 arg1 gene 588:591 gyrase subunit B gene 571:591 gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence 571:607 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 2 5 theme genus 490:494 arg1 Kribbella 496:504 the genus Kribbella 486:504 the genus Kribbella 486:504 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 2 6 theme highest 347:353 arg1 similarity 378:387 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 343:387 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 343:387 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 10 7 theme analysis 1515:1522 arg1 results 1491:1497 the results 1487:1497 the results of phylogenetic analysis 1487:1522 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 12 8 theme MCCC 1748:1751 arg1 1K00429 1753:1759  = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429 1729:1759  = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T) 1729:1762 The type strain is XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)). 26297172 12 8 theme MCCC 1748:1751 arg1 XMU 1717:1719 XMU 706 1717:1723 XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)) 1717:1763 The type strain is XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)). 26297172 12 8 theme MCCC 1748:1751 arg1 T 1761:1761 T 1761:1761 T 1761:1761 The type strain is XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)). 26297172 1 9 theme plant 77:81 arg1 soil 56:59 rhizosphere soil 44:59 rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China 44:234 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 10 10 theme mirabilis 1666:1674 arg1 sp 1676:1677 the name Kribbella mirabilis sp 1647:1677 the name Kribbella mirabilis sp 1647:1677 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 9 11 theme DNA 1459:1461 arg1 % 1475:1475 67.3 mol% 1467:1475 67.3 mol% 1467:1475 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 9 11 theme DNA 1459:1461 arg1 content 1436:1442 the G+C content 1428:1442 the G+C content of the genomic DNA 1428:1461 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 3 12 theme strain 617:622 arg1 T 632:632 T 632:632 T 632:632 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 3 12 theme strain 617:622 arg1 XMU 624:626 strain XMU 706 617:630 strain XMU 706(T) 617:633 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 6 13 theme amino 1078:1082 arg1 acid 1084:1087 the diagnostic amino acid 1063:1087 the diagnostic amino acid 1063:1087 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. 26297172 6 13 theme amino 1078:1082 arg1 acid 1054:1057 ll-Diaminopimelic acid 1036:1057 ll-Diaminopimelic acid 1036:1057 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. 26297172 10 14 theme genotypic 1540:1548 arg1 characterization 1550:1565 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1525:1565 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1525:1565 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 10 14 theme genotypic 1540:1548 arg1 XMU 1575:1577 strain XMU 706 1568:1581 strain XMU 706(T) 1568:1584 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 9 15 theme 67.3 1467:1470 arg1 mol 1472:1474 mol 1472:1474 mol 1472:1474 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 3 16 theme sequence 600:607 arg1 distances 558:566 The genetic distances 546:566 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella 546:674 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 10 17 theme phenotypic 1525:1534 arg1 characterization 1550:1565 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1525:1565 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1525:1565 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 10 17 theme phenotypic 1525:1534 arg1 XMU 1575:1577 strain XMU 706 1568:1581 strain XMU 706(T) 1568:1584 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 1 18 theme L. 101:102 arg1 plant 77:81 a herbaceous plant 64:81 a herbaceous plant 64:81 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 18 theme L. 101:102 arg1 XMU 111:113 Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706 84:117 Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T) 84:120 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 18 theme L. 101:102 arg1 T 119:119 T 119:119 T 119:119 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 3 19 theme Kribbella 666:674 arg1 T 632:632 T 632:632 T 632:632 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 3 19 theme Kribbella 666:674 arg1 species 645:651 other species 639:651 other species of the genus Kribbella 639:674 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 3 19 theme Kribbella 666:674 arg1 XMU 624:626 strain XMU 706 617:630 strain XMU 706(T) 617:633 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 8 20 theme polar 1212:1216 arg1 lipids 1218:1223 The polar lipids 1208:1223 The polar lipids 1208:1223 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and other unidentified phospholipids and lipids. 26297172 4 21 theme DNA-DNA 785:791 arg1 experiments 807:817 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 785:817 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 785:817 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 10 22 theme name 1651:1654 arg1 sp 1676:1677 the name Kribbella mirabilis sp 1647:1677 the name Kribbella mirabilis sp 1647:1677 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 1 23 theme polyphasic 263:272 arg1 approach 274:281 a polyphasic approach 261:281 a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position 261:315 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 2 24 theme Kribbella 496:504 arg1 subclade 474:481 the subclade 470:481 the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 470:543 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 6 25 theme cell-wall 1096:1104 arg1 peptidoglycan 1106:1118 the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates 1092:1140 peptidoglycan 1106:1118 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. 26297172 2 26 dep shared 336:341 arg1 % 434:434 97.2% 430:434 97.2% 430:434 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 4 27 theme relatedness 834:844 arg1 value 846:850 a DNA-DNA relatedness value 824:850 a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T) 824:925 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 8 28 theme unidentified 1311:1322 arg1 phospholipids 1324:1336 other unidentified phospholipids 1305:1336 other unidentified phospholipids 1305:1336 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and other unidentified phospholipids and lipids. 26297172 2 29 theme phylogenetic 527:538 arg1 tree 540:543 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 509:543 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 509:543 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 0 30 theme Kribbella 0:8 arg1 sp 20:21 Kribbella mirabilis sp 0:21 Kribbella mirabilis sp. 0:22 Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 6 31 from acid 1084:1087 arg1 peptidoglycan 1106:1118 the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates 1092:1140 peptidoglycan 1106:1118 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. 26297172 6 31 from acid 1084:1087 arg1 hydrolysates 1129:1140 the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates 1092:1140 hydrolysates 1129:1140 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. 26297172 9 32 theme fatty 1360:1364 arg1 anteiso-C15 1391:1401 anteiso-C15 1391:1401 anteiso-C15 1391:1401 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 9 32 theme fatty 1360:1364 arg1 acids 1366:1370 The major fatty acids 1350:1370 The major fatty acids of the strain 1350:1384 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 2 33 theme rRNA 517:520 arg1 tree 540:543 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 509:543 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 509:543 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 1 34 theme Mirabilis 84:92 arg1 plant 77:81 a herbaceous plant 64:81 a herbaceous plant 64:81 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 34 theme Mirabilis 84:92 arg1 XMU 111:113 Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706 84:117 Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T) 84:120 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 34 theme Mirabilis 84:92 arg1 T 119:119 T 119:119 T 119:119 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 3 35 theme threshold 721:729 arg1 value 731:735 the threshold value 717:735 the threshold value of 0.014 717:744 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 4 36 theme hybridization 793:805 arg1 experiments 807:817 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 785:817 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 785:817 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 9 37 theme strain 1379:1384 arg1 anteiso-C15 1391:1401 anteiso-C15 1391:1401 anteiso-C15 1391:1401 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 9 37 theme strain 1379:1384 arg1 acids 1366:1370 The major fatty acids 1350:1370 The major fatty acids of the strain 1350:1384 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 2 38 theme gene 364:367 arg1 similarity 378:387 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 343:387 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 343:387 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 2 39 from subclade 474:481 arg1 tree 540:543 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 509:543 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 509:543 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 4 40 theme strain 877:882 arg1 T 892:892 strain XMU 706(T) 877:893 strain XMU 706(T) 877:893 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 4 40 theme strain 877:882 arg1 T 924:924 T 924:924 T 924:924 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 5 41 theme strain 994:999 arg1 XMU 1001:1003 strain XMU 706 994:1007 strain XMU 706(T) 994:1010 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 706(T) to the genus Kribbella. 26297172 5 41 theme strain 994:999 arg1 T 1009:1009 T 1009:1009 T 1009:1009 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 706(T) to the genus Kribbella. 26297172 4 42 theme 706 888:890 arg1 T 892:892 strain XMU 706(T) 877:893 strain XMU 706(T) 877:893 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 4 42 theme 706 888:890 arg1 T 924:924 T 924:924 T 924:924 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 4 43 theme ± 861:861 arg1 % 867:867 34.82 ± 6.31% 855:867 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T) 855:925 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 10 44 theme Kribbella 1626:1634 arg1 species 1605:1611 a novel species 1597:1611 a novel species 1597:1611 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 6 45 theme ll-Diaminopimelic 1036:1052 arg1 acid 1084:1087 the diagnostic amino acid 1063:1087 the diagnostic amino acid 1063:1087 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. 26297172 6 45 theme ll-Diaminopimelic 1036:1052 arg1 acid 1054:1057 ll-Diaminopimelic acid 1036:1057 ll-Diaminopimelic acid 1036:1057 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. 26297172 4 46 theme % 867:867 arg1 value 846:850 a DNA-DNA relatedness value 824:850 a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T) 824:925 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 2 47 theme distinct 451:458 arg1 branch 460:465 a distinct branch 449:465 a distinct branch 449:465 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 3 48 theme B 586:586 arg1 gyrB 594:597 gyrB 594:597 gyrB 594:597 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 3 48 theme B 586:586 arg1 gene 588:591 gyrase subunit B gene 571:591 gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence 571:607 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 9 49 theme G+C 1432:1434 arg1 % 1475:1475 67.3 mol% 1467:1475 67.3 mol% 1467:1475 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 9 49 theme G+C 1432:1434 arg1 content 1436:1442 the G+C content 1428:1442 the G+C content of the genomic DNA 1428:1461 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 9 50 dep anteiso-C15 1391:1401 arg1 0 1405:1405 0 1405:1405 0 1405:1405 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 9 50 dep anteiso-C15 1391:1401 arg1 0 1421:1421 0 1421:1421 0 1421:1421 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 9 50 dep anteiso-C15 1391:1401 arg1 iso-C15 1411:1417 iso-C15 1411:1417 iso-C15 1411:1417 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 3 51 theme gyrase 571:576 arg1 gyrB 594:597 gyrB 594:597 gyrB 594:597 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 3 51 theme gyrase 571:576 arg1 gene 588:591 gyrase subunit B gene 571:591 gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence 571:607 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 7 52 theme major 1176:1180 arg1 MK-9 1198:1201 MK-9 1198:1201 MK-9(H4) 1198:1205 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26297172 7 52 theme major 1176:1180 arg1 menaquinone 1182:1192 The major menaquinone 1172:1192 The major menaquinone 1172:1192 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26297172 10 53 theme phylogenetic 1502:1513 arg1 analysis 1515:1522 phylogenetic analysis 1502:1522 phylogenetic analysis 1502:1522 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 1 54 theme rhizosphere 141:151 arg1 soil 153:156 the rhizosphere soil 137:156 the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China 137:234 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 9 55 theme genomic 1451:1457 arg1 DNA 1459:1461 the genomic DNA 1447:1461 the genomic DNA 1447:1461 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 12 56 theme = 1746:1746 arg1 1K00429 1753:1759  = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429 1729:1759  = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T) 1729:1762 The type strain is XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)). 26297172 12 56 theme = 1746:1746 arg1 XMU 1717:1719 XMU 706 1717:1723 XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)) 1717:1763 The type strain is XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)). 26297172 12 56 theme = 1746:1746 arg1 T 1761:1761 T 1761:1761 T 1761:1761 The type strain is XMU 706(T) ( = KCTC 29676(T) = MCCC 1K00429(T)). 26297172 10 57 theme Kribbella 1656:1664 arg1 sp 1676:1677 the name Kribbella mirabilis sp 1647:1677 the name Kribbella mirabilis sp 1647:1677 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 6 58 theme diagnostic 1067:1076 arg1 acid 1084:1087 the diagnostic amino acid 1063:1087 the diagnostic amino acid 1063:1087 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. 26297172 6 58 theme diagnostic 1067:1076 arg1 acid 1054:1057 ll-Diaminopimelic acid 1036:1057 ll-Diaminopimelic acid 1036:1057 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. 26297172 1 59 theme jalapa 94:99 arg1 plant 77:81 a herbaceous plant 64:81 a herbaceous plant 64:81 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 59 theme jalapa 94:99 arg1 XMU 111:113 Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706 84:117 Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T) 84:120 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 59 theme jalapa 94:99 arg1 T 119:119 T 119:119 T 119:119 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 5 60 theme genus 1019:1023 arg1 Kribbella 1025:1033 the genus Kribbella 1015:1033 the genus Kribbella 1015:1033 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 706(T) to the genus Kribbella. 26297172 1 61 theme Strain 104:109 arg1 plant 77:81 a herbaceous plant 64:81 a herbaceous plant 64:81 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 61 theme Strain 104:109 arg1 XMU 111:113 Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706 84:117 Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T) 84:120 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 61 theme Strain 104:109 arg1 T 119:119 T 119:119 T 119:119 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 62 dep jalapa 191:196 arg1 L. 198:199 Mirabilis jalapa L. 181:199 Mirabilis jalapa L. 181:199 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 10 63 theme strain 1568:1573 arg1 characterization 1550:1565 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1525:1565 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1525:1565 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 10 63 theme strain 1568:1573 arg1 XMU 1575:1577 strain XMU 706 1568:1581 strain XMU 706(T) 1568:1584 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 10 63 theme strain 1568:1573 arg1 T 1583:1583 T 1583:1583 T 1583:1583 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 3 64 theme genus 660:664 arg1 Kribbella 666:674 the genus Kribbella 656:674 the genus Kribbella 656:674 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 1 65 theme herbaceous 163:172 arg1 plant 174:178 a herbaceous plant 161:178 a herbaceous plant 161:178 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 65 theme herbaceous 163:172 arg1 jalapa 191:196 Mirabilis jalapa L. 181:199 Mirabilis jalapa L. 181:199 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 3 66 theme gene 588:591 arg1 sequence 600:607 gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence 571:607 gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence 571:607 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 2 67 theme 16S 513:515 arg1 tree 540:543 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 509:543 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 509:543 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 6 68 theme cell 1124:1127 arg1 hydrolysates 1129:1140 the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates 1092:1140 hydrolysates 1129:1140 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. 26297172 1 69 theme rhizosphere 44:54 arg1 soil 56:59 rhizosphere soil 44:59 rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China 44:234 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 8 70 theme other 1305:1309 arg1 phospholipids 1324:1336 other unidentified phospholipids 1305:1336 other unidentified phospholipids 1305:1336 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and other unidentified phospholipids and lipids. 26297172 1 71 attach isolated 30:37 arg2 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 71 attach isolated 30:37 arg1 soil 56:59 rhizosphere soil 44:59 rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China 44:234 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 3 72 theme other 639:643 arg1 species 645:651 other species 639:651 other species of the genus Kribbella 639:674 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 1 73 theme plant 174:178 arg1 soil 153:156 the rhizosphere soil 137:156 the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China 137:234 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 2 74 theme Strain 318:323 arg1 XMU 325:327 Strain XMU 706 318:331 Strain XMU 706(T) 318:334 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 2 74 theme Strain 318:323 arg1 T 333:333 T 333:333 T 333:333 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 0 75 theme mirabilis 10:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Kribbella mirabilis sp 0:21 Kribbella mirabilis sp. 0:22 Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 1 76 theme taxonomic 298:306 arg1 position 308:315 its taxonomic position 294:315 its taxonomic position 294:315 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 9 77 theme major 1354:1358 arg1 anteiso-C15 1391:1401 anteiso-C15 1391:1401 anteiso-C15 1391:1401 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 9 77 theme major 1354:1358 arg1 acids 1366:1370 The major fatty acids 1350:1370 The major fatty acids of the strain 1350:1384 The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 26297172 4 78 theme DNA-DNA 826:832 arg1 value 846:850 a DNA-DNA relatedness value 824:850 a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T) 824:925 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 2 79 theme gene 522:525 arg1 tree 540:543 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 509:543 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 509:543 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 5 80 theme chemotaxonomic 932:945 arg1 properties 947:956 The chemotaxonomic properties 928:956 The chemotaxonomic properties 928:956 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 706(T) to the genus Kribbella. 26297172 3 81 theme 0.014 740:744 arg1 value 731:735 the threshold value 717:735 the threshold value of 0.014 717:744 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 1 82 attach isolated 123:130 arg1 soil 153:156 the rhizosphere soil 137:156 the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China 137:234 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 82 attach isolated 123:130 arg2 soil 56:59 rhizosphere soil 44:59 rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China 44:234 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 2 83 theme sequence 369:376 arg1 similarity 378:387 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 343:387 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 343:387 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 2 84 theme rRNA 359:362 arg1 similarity 378:387 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 343:387 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 343:387 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 3 85 theme species 750:756 arg1 delineation 758:768 species delineation 750:768 species delineation of this genus 750:782 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 10 86 theme novel 1599:1603 arg1 species 1605:1611 a novel species 1597:1611 a novel species 1597:1611 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 706(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kribbella, for which the name Kribbella mirabilis sp. 26297172 5 87 theme XMU 1001:1003 arg1 assignment 980:989 the assignment 976:989 the assignment of strain XMU 706(T) to the genus Kribbella 976:1033 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 706(T) to the genus Kribbella. 26297172 4 88 theme XMU 884:886 arg1 T 892:892 strain XMU 706(T) 877:893 strain XMU 706(T) 877:893 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 4 88 theme XMU 884:886 arg1 T 924:924 T 924:924 T 924:924 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 34.82 ± 6.31% between strain XMU 706(T) and K. antibiotica YIM 31530(T). 26297172 3 89 theme genetic 550:556 arg1 distances 558:566 The genetic distances 546:566 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella 546:674 The genetic distances of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence between strain XMU 706(T) and other species of the genus Kribbella ranged from 0.045 to 0.116, greater than the threshold value of 0.014 for species delineation of this genus. 26297172 2 90 theme 16S 355:357 arg1 similarity 378:387 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 343:387 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 343:387 Strain XMU 706(T) shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Kribbella antibiotica YIM 31530(T) (97.2%), and formed a distinct branch in the subclade of the genus Kribbella in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. 26297172 1 91 theme Mirabilis 181:189 arg1 plant 174:178 a herbaceous plant 161:178 a herbaceous plant 161:178 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26297172 1 91 theme Mirabilis 181:189 arg1 jalapa 191:196 Mirabilis jalapa L. 181:199 Mirabilis jalapa L. 181:199 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L. Strain XMU 706(T), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a herbaceous plant, Mirabilis jalapa L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25467525 9 0 theme anti-virus 1535:1544 arg1 NPs 1528:1530 CNFS/Ag NPs 1520:1530 CNFS/Ag NPs 1520:1530 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 9 0 theme anti-virus 1535:1544 arg1 sheets 1546:1551 anti-virus sheets 1535:1551 anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings 1535:1594 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 9 1 theme anti-infectious 1564:1578 arg1 NPs 1528:1530 CNFS/Ag NPs 1520:1530 CNFS/Ag NPs 1520:1530 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 9 1 theme anti-infectious 1564:1578 arg1 dressings 1586:1594 anti-infectious wound dressings 1564:1594 anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings 1535:1594 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 6 2 theme Ultrathin 934:942 arg1 sectioning 944:953 Ultrathin sectioning 934:953 Ultrathin sectioning of bacterial cells 934:972 Ultrathin sectioning of bacterial cells also was carried out to observe the bactericidal mechanism of Ag NPs. 25467525 8 3 theme antimicrobial 1233:1245 arg1 properties 1247:1256 much stronger antimicrobial properties 1219:1256 much stronger antimicrobial properties 1219:1256 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 7 4 theme Ag 1086:1087 arg1 NPs 1089:1091 the Ag NPs 1082:1091 the Ag NPs 1082:1091 RESULTS The TEM images indicated that the Ag NPs are dispersed and tightly adsorbed onto CNFSs. 25467525 8 5 theme weak 1171:1174 arg1 activity 1190:1197 only weak antimicrobial activity 1166:1197 only weak antimicrobial activity 1166:1197 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 9 6 theme CNFS/Ag 1520:1526 arg1 NPs 1528:1530 CNFS/Ag NPs 1520:1530 CNFS/Ag NPs 1520:1530 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 9 6 theme CNFS/Ag 1520:1526 arg1 sheets 1546:1551 anti-virus sheets 1535:1551 anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings 1535:1594 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 9 6 theme CNFS/Ag 1520:1526 arg1 dressings 1586:1594 anti-infectious wound dressings 1564:1594 anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings 1535:1594 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 4 7 from 5.17 ± 1.9 nm 551:563 arg1 diameter 568:575 diameter 568:575 diameter 568:575 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs were immersed in suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs. 25467525 5 8 theme CNFS/Ag 644:650 arg1 NPs 652:654 CNFS/Ag NPs 644:654 CNFS/Ag NPs 644:654 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 2 9 theme functional 337:346 arg1 dressing 354:361 a functional wound dressing 335:361 a functional wound dressing 335:361 CNFSs are widely applied as biomedical materials such as a functional wound dressing. 25467525 6 10 theme bactericidal 1010:1021 arg1 mechanism 1023:1031 the bactericidal mechanism 1006:1031 the bactericidal mechanism of Ag NPs 1006:1041 Ultrathin sectioning of bacterial cells also was carried out to observe the bactericidal mechanism of Ag NPs. 25467525 9 11 dep CONCLUSIONS 1363:1373 arg1 suggest 1387:1393 suggest 1387:1393 suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings 1387:1594 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 8 12 theme immobilized 1332:1342 arg1 NPs 1347:1349 immobilized Ag NPs 1332:1349 immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs 1332:1360 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 4 13 theme CNFS/Ag 631:637 arg1 NPs 639:641 CNFS/Ag NPs 631:641 CNFS/Ag NPs 631:641 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs were immersed in suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs. 25467525 3 14 theme antimicrobial 392:404 arg1 biomaterials 406:417 antimicrobial biomaterials 392:417 antimicrobial biomaterials made up of CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs) 392:480 This study aimed to develop antimicrobial biomaterials made up of CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs). 25467525 8 15 theme A 1304:1304 arg1 virus 1306:1310 influenza A virus 1294:1310 influenza A virus 1294:1310 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 4 16 from temperature 608:618 arg1 30 min 593:598 30 min 593:598 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs 593:641 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs were immersed in suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs. 25467525 5 17 theme most 885:888 arg1 bacteria 912:919 the most widespread infectious bacteria 881:919 the most widespread infectious bacteria 881:919 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 1 18 theme nontoxic 204:211 arg1 biomaterials 231:242 nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials 204:242 nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio 204:275 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 1 18 theme nontoxic 204:211 arg1 sheets 140:145 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets 111:145 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 111:198 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 0 19 theme chitin-nanofiber 56:71 arg1 composites 99:108 chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites 56:108 chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites 56:108 Development of antimicrobial biomaterials produced from chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites. 25467525 4 20 theme NPs 546:548 arg1 suspensions 528:538 suspensions 528:538 suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs 528:641 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs were immersed in suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs. 25467525 5 21 theme H1N1 826:829 arg1 virus 843:847 H1N1 influenza A virus 826:847 H1N1 influenza A virus 826:847 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 1 22 theme BACKGROUND 111:120 arg1 CNFSs 148:152 CNFSs 148:152 CNFSs 148:152 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 1 22 theme BACKGROUND 111:120 arg1 biomaterials 231:242 nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials 204:242 nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio 204:275 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 1 22 theme BACKGROUND 111:120 arg1 sheets 140:145 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets 111:145 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 111:198 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 6 23 theme cells 968:972 arg1 sectioning 944:953 Ultrathin sectioning 934:953 Ultrathin sectioning of bacterial cells 934:972 Ultrathin sectioning of bacterial cells also was carried out to observe the bactericidal mechanism of Ag NPs. 25467525 1 24 with sheets 140:145 arg1 structures 189:198 nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 160:198 nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 160:198 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 4 25 theme Ag 543:544 arg1 NPs 546:548 Ag NPs 543:548 Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs 543:641 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs were immersed in suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs. 25467525 5 26 theme transmission 678:689 arg1 TEM 712:714 TEM 712:714 TEM 712:714 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 5 26 theme transmission 678:689 arg1 microscopy 700:709 transmission electron microscopy 678:709 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 678:715 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 1 27 theme Chitin 122:127 arg1 CNFSs 148:152 CNFSs 148:152 CNFSs 148:152 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 1 27 theme Chitin 122:127 arg1 biomaterials 231:242 nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials 204:242 nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio 204:275 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 1 27 theme Chitin 122:127 arg1 sheets 140:145 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets 111:145 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 111:198 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 7 28 dep RESULTS 1044:1050 arg1 images 1060:1065 The TEM images 1052:1065 RESULTS The TEM images 1044:1065 RESULTS The TEM images indicated that the Ag NPs are dispersed and tightly adsorbed onto CNFSs. 25467525 1 29 theme biodegradable 217:229 arg1 biomaterials 231:242 nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials 204:242 nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio 204:275 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 1 29 theme biodegradable 217:229 arg1 sheets 140:145 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets 111:145 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 111:198 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 5 30 theme influenza 831:839 arg1 virus 843:847 H1N1 influenza A virus 826:847 H1N1 influenza A virus 826:847 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 4 31 dep NPs 546:548 arg1 5.17 ± 1.9 nm 551:563 5.17 ± 1.9 nm 551:563 5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD 551:586 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs were immersed in suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs. 25467525 5 32 theme electron 691:698 arg1 TEM 712:714 TEM 712:714 TEM 712:714 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 5 32 theme electron 691:698 arg1 microscopy 700:709 transmission electron microscopy 678:709 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 678:715 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 1 33 theme nanofibers 129:138 arg1 CNFSs 148:152 CNFSs 148:152 CNFSs 148:152 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 1 33 theme nanofibers 129:138 arg1 biomaterials 231:242 nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials 204:242 nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio 204:275 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 1 33 theme nanofibers 129:138 arg1 sheets 140:145 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets 111:145 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 111:198 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 5 34 theme widespread 890:899 arg1 bacteria 912:919 the most widespread infectious bacteria 881:919 the most widespread infectious bacteria 881:919 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 0 35 theme biomaterials 29:40 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of antimicrobial biomaterials 0:40 Development of antimicrobial biomaterials produced from chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites. 25467525 8 36 theme antimicrobial 1176:1188 arg1 activity 1190:1197 only weak antimicrobial activity 1166:1197 only weak antimicrobial activity 1166:1197 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 5 37 theme antimicrobial 737:749 arg1 activities 751:760 antimicrobial activities 737:760 antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses 737:931 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 8 38 theme stronger 1224:1231 arg1 properties 1247:1256 much stronger antimicrobial properties 1219:1256 much stronger antimicrobial properties 1219:1256 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 0 39 theme antimicrobial 15:27 arg1 biomaterials 29:40 antimicrobial biomaterials 15:40 antimicrobial biomaterials 15:40 Development of antimicrobial biomaterials produced from chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites. 25467525 2 40 theme wound 348:352 arg1 dressing 354:361 a functional wound dressing 335:361 a functional wound dressing 335:361 CNFSs are widely applied as biomedical materials such as a functional wound dressing. 25467525 1 41 theme large 249:253 arg1 ratio 271:275 large surface-to-mass ratio 249:275 large surface-to-mass ratio 249:275 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 8 42 theme NPs 1347:1349 arg1 NPs 1347:1349 immobilized Ag NPs 1332:1349 immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs 1332:1360 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 8 42 theme NPs 1347:1349 arg1 amount 1322:1327 the amount 1318:1327 the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs 1318:1360 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 4 43 theme room 603:606 arg1 temperature 608:618 room temperature 603:618 room temperature 603:618 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs were immersed in suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs. 25467525 9 44 theme antimicrobial 1461:1473 arg1 activities 1475:1484 stronger antimicrobial activities 1452:1484 stronger antimicrobial activities 1452:1484 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 1 45 theme surface-to-mass 255:269 arg1 ratio 271:275 large surface-to-mass ratio 249:275 large surface-to-mass ratio 249:275 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 5 46 theme A 841:841 arg1 virus 843:847 H1N1 influenza A virus 826:847 H1N1 influenza A virus 826:847 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 8 47 theme CNFS/Ag 1200:1206 arg1 NPs 1208:1210 CNFS/Ag NPs 1200:1210 CNFS/Ag NPs 1200:1210 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 0 48 theme sheet/silver 73:84 arg1 composites 99:108 chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites 56:108 chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites 56:108 Development of antimicrobial biomaterials produced from chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites. 25467525 5 49 theme infectious 901:910 arg1 bacteria 912:919 the most widespread infectious bacteria 881:919 the most widespread infectious bacteria 881:919 CNFS/Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and then tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, and H1N1 influenza A virus, three pathogens that represent the most widespread infectious bacteria and viruses. 25467525 8 50 theme Ag 1344:1345 arg1 NPs 1347:1349 immobilized Ag NPs 1332:1349 immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs 1332:1360 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 8 51 contain have 1161:1164 arg2 activity 1190:1197 only weak antimicrobial activity 1166:1197 only weak antimicrobial activity 1166:1197 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 8 51 contain have 1161:1164 arg1 CNFSs 1149:1153 CNFSs 1149:1153 CNFSs alone 1149:1159 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 3 52 theme CNFS/Ag 469:475 arg1 nanoparticles 454:466 CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles 430:466 CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs) 430:480 This study aimed to develop antimicrobial biomaterials made up of CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs). 25467525 3 52 theme CNFS/Ag 469:475 arg1 NPs 477:479 CNFS/Ag NPs 469:479 CNFS/Ag NPs 469:479 This study aimed to develop antimicrobial biomaterials made up of CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs). 25467525 4 53 dep 5.17 ± 1.9 nm 551:563 arg1 mean ± SD 578:586 mean ± SD 578:586 5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD 551:586 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs were immersed in suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs. 25467525 1 54 with biomaterials 231:242 arg1 ratio 271:275 large surface-to-mass ratio 249:275 large surface-to-mass ratio 249:275 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 4 55 theme MATERIALS 483:491 arg1 CNFSs 505:509 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs 483:509 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs 483:509 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs were immersed in suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs. 25467525 1 56 theme surface 181:187 arg1 structures 189:198 nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 160:198 nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 160:198 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 8 57 theme influenza 1294:1302 arg1 virus 1306:1310 influenza A virus 1294:1310 influenza A virus 1294:1310 Although CNFSs alone have only weak antimicrobial activity, CNFS/Ag NPs showed much stronger antimicrobial properties against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and influenza A virus, with the amount of immobilized Ag NPs onto CNFSs. 25467525 6 58 theme bacterial 958:966 arg1 cells 968:972 bacterial cells 958:972 bacterial cells 958:972 Ultrathin sectioning of bacterial cells also was carried out to observe the bactericidal mechanism of Ag NPs. 25467525 9 59 theme wound 1580:1584 arg1 NPs 1528:1530 CNFS/Ag NPs 1520:1530 CNFS/Ag NPs 1520:1530 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 9 59 theme wound 1580:1584 arg1 dressings 1586:1594 anti-infectious wound dressings 1564:1594 anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings 1535:1594 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 7 60 theme TEM 1056:1058 arg1 images 1060:1065 The TEM images 1052:1065 RESULTS The TEM images 1044:1065 RESULTS The TEM images indicated that the Ag NPs are dispersed and tightly adsorbed onto CNFSs. 25467525 4 61 theme METHODS 497:503 arg1 CNFSs 505:509 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs 483:509 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs 483:509 MATERIALS AND METHODS CNFSs were immersed in suspensions of Ag NPs (5.17 ± 1.9 nm in diameter; mean ± SD) for 30 min at room temperature to produce CNFS/Ag NPs. 25467525 2 62 theme biomedical 306:315 arg1 dressing 354:361 a functional wound dressing 335:361 a functional wound dressing 335:361 CNFSs are widely applied as biomedical materials such as a functional wound dressing. 25467525 2 62 theme biomedical 306:315 arg1 CNFSs 278:282 CNFSs 278:282 CNFSs 278:282 CNFSs are widely applied as biomedical materials such as a functional wound dressing. 25467525 2 62 theme biomedical 306:315 arg1 materials 317:325 biomedical materials 306:325 biomedical materials such as a functional wound dressing 306:361 CNFSs are widely applied as biomedical materials such as a functional wound dressing. 25467525 1 63 theme nanoscale 160:168 arg1 structures 189:198 nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 160:198 nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 160:198 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 1 64 theme fiber-like 170:179 arg1 structures 189:198 nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 160:198 nanoscale fiber-like surface structures 160:198 BACKGROUND Chitin nanofibers sheets (CNFSs) with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures are nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterials with large surface-to-mass ratio. 25467525 6 65 theme NPs 1039:1041 arg1 mechanism 1023:1031 the bactericidal mechanism 1006:1031 the bactericidal mechanism of Ag NPs 1006:1041 Ultrathin sectioning of bacterial cells also was carried out to observe the bactericidal mechanism of Ag NPs. 25467525 0 66 theme nanoparticle 86:97 arg1 composites 99:108 chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites 56:108 chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites 56:108 Development of antimicrobial biomaterials produced from chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites. 25467525 9 67 theme stronger 1452:1459 arg1 activities 1475:1484 stronger antimicrobial activities 1452:1484 stronger antimicrobial activities 1452:1484 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 3 68 theme CNFS-immobilized 430:445 arg1 nanoparticles 454:466 CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles 430:466 CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs) 430:480 This study aimed to develop antimicrobial biomaterials made up of CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs). 25467525 3 68 theme CNFS-immobilized 430:445 arg1 NPs 477:479 CNFS/Ag NPs 469:479 CNFS/Ag NPs 469:479 This study aimed to develop antimicrobial biomaterials made up of CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs). 25467525 3 69 theme silver 447:452 arg1 nanoparticles 454:466 CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles 430:466 CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs) 430:480 This study aimed to develop antimicrobial biomaterials made up of CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs). 25467525 3 69 theme silver 447:452 arg1 NPs 477:479 CNFS/Ag NPs 469:479 CNFS/Ag NPs 469:479 This study aimed to develop antimicrobial biomaterials made up of CNFS-immobilized silver nanoparticles (CNFS/Ag NPs). 25467525 9 70 theme CNFS/Ag 1400:1406 arg1 NPs 1408:1410 CNFS/Ag NPs 1400:1410 CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes 1400:1442 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNFS/Ag NPs interacting with those microbes exhibit stronger antimicrobial activities, and that it is possible to apply CNFS/Ag NPs as anti-virus sheets as well as anti-infectious wound dressings. 25467525 6 71 theme Ag 1036:1037 arg1 NPs 1039:1041 Ag NPs 1036:1041 Ag NPs 1036:1041 Ultrathin sectioning of bacterial cells also was carried out to observe the bactericidal mechanism of Ag NPs. 27427976 0 0 theme Monoclonal 82:91 arg1 Antibodies 93:102 Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3 43:119 Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3 43:119 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 9 1 theme human 1392:1396 arg1 RIG 1398:1400 human RIG 1392:1400 human RIG in a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1392:1449 Importantly, E559 and 62-71-3 exhibited enhanced protection against rabies virus compared to human RIG in a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial. 27427976 2 2 theme antibodies 372:381 arg1 administration 335:348 administration 335:348 administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG) 335:411 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 6 3 theme mAbs 910:913 arg1 mg/kg 889:893 up to 490 mg/kg 879:893 up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs 879:913 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs were obtained in Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants by using a viral based transient expression system. 27427976 0 4 theme Rabies 75:80 arg1 Antibodies 93:102 Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3 43:119 Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3 43:119 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 9 5 from RIG 1398:1400 arg1 trial 1445:1449 a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1405:1449 a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1405:1449 Importantly, E559 and 62-71-3 exhibited enhanced protection against rabies virus compared to human RIG in a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial. 27427976 2 6 theme immunizing 361:370 arg1 antibodies 372:381 passive immunizing antibodies 353:381 passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG) 353:411 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 5 7 theme rapid 756:760 arg1 production 774:783 rapid, high level production 756:783 rapid, high level production 756:783 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 9 8 theme rabies 1367:1372 arg1 virus 1374:1378 rabies virus 1367:1378 rabies virus 1367:1378 Importantly, E559 and 62-71-3 exhibited enhanced protection against rabies virus compared to human RIG in a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial. 27427976 2 9 dep antibodies 372:381 arg1 RIG 408:410 RIG 408:410 RIG 408:410 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 2 9 dep antibodies 372:381 arg1 Globulin 398:405 Rabies Immune Globulin 384:405 Rabies Immune Globulin 384:405 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 6 10 theme expression 1009:1018 arg1 system 1020:1025 a viral based transient expression system 985:1025 a viral based transient expression system 985:1025 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs were obtained in Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants by using a viral based transient expression system. 27427976 0 11 theme Antibodies 93:102 arg1 Activity 31:38 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity 0:38 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 0:120 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 4 12 theme promising 656:664 arg1 alternative 666:676 a promising alternative 654:676 a promising alternative to RIG 654:683 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified as a promising alternative to RIG. 27427976 4 12 theme promising 656:664 arg1 antibodies 612:621 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies 589:621 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 589:628 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified as a promising alternative to RIG. 27427976 5 13 dep mAbs 835:838 arg1 62-71-3 849:855 62-71-3 849:855 62-71-3 849:855 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 5 13 dep mAbs 835:838 arg1 E559 840:843 E559 840:843 E559 840:843 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 7 14 contain carrying 1061:1068 arg2 N-glycans 1093:1101 human-type fucose-free N-glycans 1070:1101 human-type fucose-free N-glycans 1070:1101 The plant-made E559 and 62-71-3, carrying human-type fucose-free N-glycans, assembled properly and were structurally sound as determined by mass spectrometry and calorimetric density measurements. 27427976 7 14 contain carrying 1061:1068 arg1 E559 1043:1046 plant-made E559 1032:1046 plant-made E559 1032:1046 The plant-made E559 and 62-71-3, carrying human-type fucose-free N-glycans, assembled properly and were structurally sound as determined by mass spectrometry and calorimetric density measurements. 27427976 6 15 theme transient 999:1007 arg1 system 1020:1025 a viral based transient expression system 985:1025 a viral based transient expression system 985:1025 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs were obtained in Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants by using a viral based transient expression system. 27427976 3 16 theme batch-to 498:505 arg1 inconsistencies 513:527 batch-to batch inconsistencies 498:527 batch-to batch inconsistencies 498:527 Currently, human RIG suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. 27427976 10 17 theme alternative 1537:1547 arg1 development 1504:1514 the development 1500:1514 the development of a multi-mAb based alternative to RIG 1500:1554 Collectively, our results provide the basis for the development of a multi-mAb based alternative to RIG. 27427976 3 18 theme limited 476:482 arg1 availability 484:495 limited availability 476:495 limited availability 476:495 Currently, human RIG suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. 27427976 3 19 theme human 425:429 arg1 RIG 431:433 human RIG 425:433 human RIG 425:433 Currently, human RIG suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. 27427976 5 20 theme level 768:772 arg1 production 774:783 rapid, high level production 756:783 rapid, high level production 756:783 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 5 21 theme anti-rabies 823:833 arg1 mAbs 835:838 the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs 801:838 the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3 801:855 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 0 22 dep Antibodies 93:102 arg1 E559 104:107 E559 104:107 E559 104:107 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 0 22 dep Antibodies 93:102 arg1 62-71-3 113:119 62-71-3 113:119 62-71-3 113:119 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 7 23 dep E559 1043:1046 arg1 The 1028:1030 The 1028:1030 The 1028:1030 The plant-made E559 and 62-71-3, carrying human-type fucose-free N-glycans, assembled properly and were structurally sound as determined by mass spectrometry and calorimetric density measurements. 27427976 6 24 dep 490 885:887 arg1 to 882:883 to 882:883 to 882:883 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs were obtained in Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants by using a viral based transient expression system. 27427976 0 25 theme In 10:11 arg1 Activity 31:38 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity 0:38 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 0:120 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 6 26 theme mg/kg 889:893 arg1 levels 869:874 Expression levels 858:874 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs 858:913 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs were obtained in Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants by using a viral based transient expression system. 27427976 2 27 dep administration 276:289 arg1 prompt 269:274 prompt 269:274 prompt 269:274 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 6 28 theme based 993:997 arg1 system 1020:1025 a viral based transient expression system 985:1025 a viral based transient expression system 985:1025 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs were obtained in Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants by using a viral based transient expression system. 27427976 6 29 theme recombinant 898:908 arg1 mAbs 910:913 recombinant mAbs 898:913 recombinant mAbs 898:913 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs were obtained in Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants by using a viral based transient expression system. 27427976 1 30 theme effective 173:181 arg1 treatment 183:191 no effective treatment 170:191 no effective treatment 170:191 Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. 27427976 0 31 theme Efficient 0:8 arg1 Activity 31:38 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity 0:38 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 0:120 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 4 32 theme Anti-rabies 589:599 arg1 alternative 666:676 a promising alternative 654:676 a promising alternative to RIG 654:683 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified as a promising alternative to RIG. 27427976 4 32 theme Anti-rabies 589:599 arg1 mAbs 624:627 mAbs 624:627 mAbs 624:627 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified as a promising alternative to RIG. 27427976 4 32 theme Anti-rabies 589:599 arg1 antibodies 612:621 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies 589:621 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 589:628 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified as a promising alternative to RIG. 27427976 8 33 theme virus 1274:1278 arg1 variants 1280:1287 diverse rabies virus variants 1259:1287 diverse rabies virus variants 1259:1287 Both mAbs efficiently neutralised diverse rabies virus variants in vitro. 27427976 9 34 theme challenge 1435:1443 arg1 trial 1445:1449 a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1405:1449 a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1405:1449 Importantly, E559 and 62-71-3 exhibited enhanced protection against rabies virus compared to human RIG in a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial. 27427976 2 35 theme prophylaxis 308:318 arg1 administration 276:289 prompt administration 269:289 prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG) 269:411 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 2 36 theme Immune 391:396 arg1 RIG 408:410 RIG 408:410 RIG 408:410 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 2 36 theme Immune 391:396 arg1 Globulin 398:405 Rabies Immune Globulin 384:405 Rabies Immune Globulin 384:405 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 7 37 theme density 1203:1209 arg1 measurements 1211:1222 calorimetric density measurements 1190:1222 calorimetric density measurements 1190:1222 The plant-made E559 and 62-71-3, carrying human-type fucose-free N-glycans, assembled properly and were structurally sound as determined by mass spectrometry and calorimetric density measurements. 27427976 5 38 theme mAbs 835:838 arg1 efficacy 789:796 efficacy 789:796 efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3 789:855 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 5 38 theme mAbs 835:838 arg1 production 774:783 rapid, high level production 756:783 rapid, high level production 756:783 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 5 39 theme expression 727:736 arg1 system 738:743 a plant-based transient expression system 703:743 a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3 703:855 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 2 40 theme exposure 299:306 arg1 prophylaxis 308:318 post exposure prophylaxis 294:318 post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG) 294:411 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 10 41 dep based 1531:1535 arg1 multi-mAb 1521:1529 multi-mAb 1521:1529 multi-mAb 1521:1529 Collectively, our results provide the basis for the development of a multi-mAb based alternative to RIG. 27427976 2 42 theme post 294:297 arg1 prophylaxis 308:318 post exposure prophylaxis 294:318 post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG) 294:411 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 1 43 theme neglected 134:142 arg1 disease 153:159 a neglected zoonotic disease 132:159 a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness 132:214 Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. 27427976 1 43 theme neglected 134:142 arg1 Rabies 122:127 Rabies 122:127 Rabies 122:127 Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. 27427976 3 44 with contamination 547:559 arg1 pathogens 578:586 blood-borne pathogens 566:586 blood-borne pathogens 566:586 Currently, human RIG suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. 27427976 4 45 theme monoclonal 601:610 arg1 alternative 666:676 a promising alternative 654:676 a promising alternative to RIG 654:683 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified as a promising alternative to RIG. 27427976 4 45 theme monoclonal 601:610 arg1 mAbs 624:627 mAbs 624:627 mAbs 624:627 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified as a promising alternative to RIG. 27427976 4 45 theme monoclonal 601:610 arg1 antibodies 612:621 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies 589:621 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 589:628 Anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified as a promising alternative to RIG. 27427976 7 46 theme fucose-free 1081:1091 arg1 N-glycans 1093:1101 human-type fucose-free N-glycans 1070:1101 human-type fucose-free N-glycans 1070:1101 The plant-made E559 and 62-71-3, carrying human-type fucose-free N-glycans, assembled properly and were structurally sound as determined by mass spectrometry and calorimetric density measurements. 27427976 3 47 theme many 448:451 arg1 restrictions 453:464 many restrictions 448:464 many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens 448:586 Currently, human RIG suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. 27427976 3 47 theme many 448:451 arg1 availability 484:495 limited availability 476:495 limited availability 476:495 Currently, human RIG suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. 27427976 3 47 theme many 448:451 arg1 potential 533:541 potential 533:541 potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens 533:586 Currently, human RIG suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. 27427976 3 47 theme many 448:451 arg1 inconsistencies 513:527 batch-to batch inconsistencies 498:527 batch-to batch inconsistencies 498:527 Currently, human RIG suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. 27427976 0 48 theme In 23:24 arg1 Activity 31:38 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity 0:38 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 0:120 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 9 49 theme model 1415:1419 arg1 trial 1445:1449 a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1405:1449 a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1405:1449 Importantly, E559 and 62-71-3 exhibited enhanced protection against rabies virus compared to human RIG in a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial. 27427976 7 50 theme calorimetric 1190:1201 arg1 measurements 1211:1222 calorimetric density measurements 1190:1222 calorimetric density measurements 1190:1222 The plant-made E559 and 62-71-3, carrying human-type fucose-free N-glycans, assembled properly and were structurally sound as determined by mass spectrometry and calorimetric density measurements. 27427976 8 51 theme diverse 1259:1265 arg1 variants 1280:1287 diverse rabies virus variants 1259:1287 diverse rabies virus variants 1259:1287 Both mAbs efficiently neutralised diverse rabies virus variants in vitro. 27427976 1 52 theme illness 208:214 arg1 onset 199:203 onset 199:203 onset of illness 199:214 Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. 27427976 7 53 theme mass 1168:1171 arg1 spectrometry 1173:1184 mass spectrometry 1168:1184 mass spectrometry 1168:1184 The plant-made E559 and 62-71-3, carrying human-type fucose-free N-glycans, assembled properly and were structurally sound as determined by mass spectrometry and calorimetric density measurements. 27427976 9 54 theme post-exposure 1421:1433 arg1 trial 1445:1449 a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1405:1449 a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1405:1449 Importantly, E559 and 62-71-3 exhibited enhanced protection against rabies virus compared to human RIG in a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial. 27427976 8 55 theme rabies 1267:1272 arg1 variants 1280:1287 diverse rabies virus variants 1259:1287 diverse rabies virus variants 1259:1287 Both mAbs efficiently neutralised diverse rabies virus variants in vitro. 27427976 1 56 contain has 166:168 arg2 treatment 183:191 no effective treatment 170:191 no effective treatment 170:191 Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. 27427976 1 56 contain has 166:168 arg1 disease 153:159 a neglected zoonotic disease 132:159 a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness 132:214 Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. 27427976 1 56 contain has 166:168 arg1 Rabies 122:127 Rabies 122:127 Rabies 122:127 Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. 27427976 5 57 dep rapid 756:760 arg1 high 763:766 high 763:766 high 763:766 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 2 58 theme passive 353:359 arg1 antibodies 372:381 passive immunizing antibodies 353:381 passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG) 353:411 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 5 59 theme potent 816:821 arg1 mAbs 835:838 the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs 801:838 the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3 801:855 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 6 60 theme glycosylation 954:966 arg1 mutants 968:974 glycosylation mutants 954:974 Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants 932:974 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs were obtained in Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants by using a viral based transient expression system. 27427976 7 61 theme human-type 1070:1079 arg1 N-glycans 1093:1101 human-type fucose-free N-glycans 1070:1101 human-type fucose-free N-glycans 1070:1101 The plant-made E559 and 62-71-3, carrying human-type fucose-free N-glycans, assembled properly and were structurally sound as determined by mass spectrometry and calorimetric density measurements. 27427976 0 62 dep In 23:24 arg1 Vivo 26:29 Vivo 26:29 Vivo 26:29 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 3 63 theme batch 507:511 arg1 inconsistencies 513:527 batch-to batch inconsistencies 498:527 batch-to batch inconsistencies 498:527 Currently, human RIG suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. 27427976 10 64 theme based 1531:1535 arg1 alternative 1537:1547 a multi-mAb based alternative 1519:1547 a multi-mAb based alternative to RIG 1519:1554 Collectively, our results provide the basis for the development of a multi-mAb based alternative to RIG. 27427976 5 65 theme plant-based 705:715 arg1 system 738:743 a plant-based transient expression system 703:743 a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3 703:855 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 6 66 theme Expression 858:867 arg1 levels 869:874 Expression levels 858:874 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs 858:913 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs were obtained in Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants by using a viral based transient expression system. 27427976 9 67 theme hamster 1407:1413 arg1 trial 1445:1449 a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1405:1449 a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial 1405:1449 Importantly, E559 and 62-71-3 exhibited enhanced protection against rabies virus compared to human RIG in a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial. 27427976 7 68 theme plant-made 1032:1041 arg1 E559 1043:1046 plant-made E559 1032:1046 plant-made E559 1032:1046 The plant-made E559 and 62-71-3, carrying human-type fucose-free N-glycans, assembled properly and were structurally sound as determined by mass spectrometry and calorimetric density measurements. 27427976 5 69 theme transient 717:725 arg1 system 738:743 a plant-based transient expression system 703:743 a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3 703:855 Here, we applied a plant-based transient expression system to achieve rapid, high level production and efficacy of the two highly potent anti-rabies mAbs E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 3 70 theme blood-borne 566:576 arg1 pathogens 578:586 blood-borne pathogens 566:586 blood-borne pathogens 566:586 Currently, human RIG suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. 27427976 6 71 theme viral 987:991 arg1 system 1020:1025 a viral based transient expression system 985:1025 a viral based transient expression system 985:1025 Expression levels of up to 490 mg/kg of recombinant mAbs were obtained in Nicotiana benthamiana glycosylation mutants by using a viral based transient expression system. 27427976 0 72 theme Plant-Produced 60:73 arg1 Antibodies 93:102 Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3 43:119 Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3 43:119 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 0 73 dep In 10:11 arg1 Vitro 13:17 Vitro 13:17 Vitro 13:17 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 2 74 theme Rabies 384:389 arg1 RIG 408:410 RIG 408:410 RIG 408:410 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 2 74 theme Rabies 384:389 arg1 Globulin 398:405 Rabies Immune Globulin 384:405 Rabies Immune Globulin 384:405 However the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (Rabies Immune Globulin, RIG). 27427976 0 75 theme Glyco-Engineered 43:58 arg1 Antibodies 93:102 Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3 43:119 Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3 43:119 Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Glyco-Engineered Plant-Produced Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies E559 and 62-71-3. 27427976 9 76 theme enhanced 1339:1346 arg1 protection 1348:1357 enhanced protection 1339:1357 enhanced protection against rabies virus 1339:1378 Importantly, E559 and 62-71-3 exhibited enhanced protection against rabies virus compared to human RIG in a hamster model post-exposure challenge trial. 27427976 1 77 theme zoonotic 144:151 arg1 disease 153:159 a neglected zoonotic disease 132:159 a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness 132:214 Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. 27427976 1 77 theme zoonotic 144:151 arg1 Rabies 122:127 Rabies 122:127 Rabies 122:127 Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. 26050918 11 0 theme dismutase 1636:1644 arg1 activity 1646:1653 increased superoxide dismutase activity 1615:1653 increased superoxide dismutase activity 1615:1653 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 2 1 with overeating 372:381 arg1 yeast 388:392 yeast 388:392 yeast 388:392 Larvae consumed more food at low sucrose diet, overeating with yeast. 26050918 8 2 theme protein 1139:1145 arg1 thiols 1147:1152 protein thiols 1139:1152 protein thiols 1139:1152 High sucrose diet increased content of protein thiols and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 26050918 10 3 theme peptide 1415:1421 arg1 level 1430:1434 elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level 1380:1434 elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level 1380:1434 Development on high sucrose diets was accompanied by elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level. 26050918 4 4 theme dry 647:649 arg1 mass 656:659 increased dry body mass 637:659 increased dry body mass 637:659 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 4 4 theme dry 647:649 arg1 glycogen 627:634 glycogen 627:634 glycogen 627:634 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 10 5 theme steady-state 1389:1400 arg1 level 1430:1434 elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level 1380:1434 elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level 1380:1434 Development on high sucrose diets was accompanied by elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level. 26050918 5 6 theme superoxide 840:849 arg1 dismutase 851:859 superoxide dismutase 840:859 superoxide dismutase 840:859 Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. 26050918 8 7 theme glucose-6-phosphate 1174:1192 arg1 dehydrogenase 1194:1206 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1174:1206 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1174:1206 High sucrose diet increased content of protein thiols and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 26050918 1 8 theme yeasts 206:211 arg1 amount 196:201 constant amount 187:201 constant amount of yeasts 187:211 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 8 theme yeasts 206:211 arg1 yeasts 206:211 yeasts 206:211 yeasts 206:211 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 7 9 theme % 1014:1014 arg1 concentration 993:1005 its concentration 989:1005 its concentration of 0.25% 989:1014 In males, at all sucrose concentrations used catalase activity was higher than at its concentration of 0.25%, whereas in females sucrose concentration virtually did not influence the activity. 26050918 1 10 theme sucrose 138:144 arg1 effects 127:133 The effects 123:133 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 123:309 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 11 11 theme yeast 1473:1477 arg1 overfeeding 1479:1489 yeast overfeeding 1473:1489 yeast overfeeding 1473:1489 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 9 12 theme acid 1266:1269 arg1 level 1271:1275 uric acid level 1261:1275 uric acid level 1261:1275 The increase in sucrose concentration also enhanced uric acid level in females, but caused opposite effects in males. 26050918 1 13 theme varied 149:154 arg1 concentrations 156:169 varied concentrations 149:169 varied concentrations (0.25-20%) 149:180 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 13 theme varied 149:154 arg1 % 179:179 0.25-20% 172:179 0.25-20% 172:179 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 12 14 theme redox 1703:1707 arg1 processes 1709:1717 redox processes 1703:1717 redox processes 1703:1717 Potential mechanisms involved in regulation of redox processes by carbohydrates are discussed. 26050918 1 15 dep fly 283:285 arg1 melanogaster 298:309 melanogaster 298:309 melanogaster 298:309 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 4 16 theme decreased 662:670 arg1 content 678:684 decreased water content 662:684 decreased water content 662:684 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 4 16 theme decreased 662:670 arg1 glycogen 627:634 glycogen 627:634 glycogen 627:634 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 0 17 theme oxidative 78:86 arg1 stress 88:93 oxidative stress 78:93 oxidative stress 78:93 High sucrose consumption promotes obesity whereas its low consumption induces oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. 26050918 1 18 from concentrations 156:169 arg1 effects 127:133 The effects 123:133 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 123:309 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 10 19 theme mRNA 1425:1428 arg1 level 1430:1434 elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level 1380:1434 elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level 1380:1434 Development on high sucrose diets was accompanied by elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level. 26050918 11 20 theme sucrose 1498:1504 arg1 diets 1506:1510 low sucrose diets 1494:1510 low sucrose diets 1494:1510 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 3 21 dep consuming 461:469 arg1 less 471:474 less 471:474 less 471:474 On high sucrose diet, larvae ingested more carbohydrates, despite consuming less food and obtaining less protein derived from yeast. 26050918 1 22 with sucrose 138:144 arg1 amount 196:201 constant amount 187:201 constant amount of yeasts 187:211 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 22 with sucrose 138:144 arg1 yeasts 206:211 yeasts 206:211 yeasts 206:211 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 3 23 theme sucrose 403:409 arg1 diet 411:414 high sucrose diet 398:414 high sucrose diet 398:414 On high sucrose diet, larvae ingested more carbohydrates, despite consuming less food and obtaining less protein derived from yeast. 26050918 0 24 theme High 0:3 arg1 consumption 13:23 High sucrose consumption 0:23 High sucrose consumption 0:23 High sucrose consumption promotes obesity whereas its low consumption induces oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. 26050918 4 25 theme High 528:531 arg1 diet 541:544 High sucrose diet 528:544 High sucrose diet 528:544 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 11 26 dep resulted 1512:1519 arg1 accompanied 1600:1610 accompanied 1600:1610 accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity 1600:1653 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 1 27 theme fruit 277:281 arg1 development 231:241 development 231:241 development 231:241 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 27 theme fruit 277:281 arg1 parameters 257:266 metabolic parameters 247:266 metabolic parameters 247:266 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 12 28 theme Potential 1656:1664 arg1 mechanisms 1666:1675 Potential mechanisms 1656:1675 Potential mechanisms involved in regulation of redox processes by carbohydrates 1656:1734 Potential mechanisms involved in regulation of redox processes by carbohydrates are discussed. 26050918 10 29 from Development 1327:1337 arg1 diets 1355:1359 high sucrose diets 1342:1359 high sucrose diets 1342:1359 Development on high sucrose diets was accompanied by elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level. 26050918 5 30 theme reactive 748:755 arg1 oxidation 780:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation 748:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase 748:859 Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. 26050918 11 31 theme proteins 1591:1598 arg1 levels 1561:1566 higher levels 1554:1566 higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins 1554:1598 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 5 32 theme species-induced 764:778 arg1 oxidation 780:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation 748:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase 748:859 Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. 26050918 11 33 from starvation 1459:1468 arg1 diets 1506:1510 low sucrose diets 1494:1510 low sucrose diets 1494:1510 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 11 34 theme lipids 1580:1585 arg1 levels 1561:1566 higher levels 1554:1566 higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins 1554:1598 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 4 35 theme pupa 581:584 arg1 mortality 586:594 pupa mortality 581:594 pupa mortality 581:594 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 11 36 theme superoxide 1625:1634 arg1 dismutase 1636:1644 increased superoxide dismutase 1615:1644 increased superoxide dismutase activity 1615:1653 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 2 37 theme sucrose 358:364 arg1 diet 366:369 low sucrose diet 354:369 low sucrose diet 354:369 Larvae consumed more food at low sucrose diet, overeating with yeast. 26050918 5 38 theme oxygen 757:762 arg1 oxidation 780:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation 748:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase 748:859 Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. 26050918 8 39 theme sucrose 1105:1111 arg1 diet 1113:1116 High sucrose diet 1100:1116 High sucrose diet 1100:1116 High sucrose diet increased content of protein thiols and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 26050918 6 40 theme catalase 878:885 arg1 activity 866:873 The activity 862:873 The activity of catalase 862:885 The activity of catalase was gender-related. 26050918 6 40 theme catalase 878:885 arg1 gender-related 891:904 gender-related 891:904 gender-related 891:904 The activity of catalase was gender-related. 26050918 1 41 theme metabolic 247:255 arg1 parameters 257:266 metabolic parameters 247:266 metabolic parameters 247:266 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 11 42 theme oxidative 1524:1532 arg1 stress 1534:1539 oxidative stress 1524:1539 oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins 1524:1598 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 9 43 from increase 1213:1220 arg1 concentration 1233:1245 sucrose concentration 1225:1245 sucrose concentration 1225:1245 The increase in sucrose concentration also enhanced uric acid level in females, but caused opposite effects in males. 26050918 4 44 theme glycogen 627:634 arg1 levels 606:611 enhanced levels 597:611 enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. 597:690 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 7 45 theme sucrose 1036:1042 arg1 concentration 1044:1056 sucrose concentration 1036:1056 sucrose concentration 1036:1056 In males, at all sucrose concentrations used catalase activity was higher than at its concentration of 0.25%, whereas in females sucrose concentration virtually did not influence the activity. 26050918 10 46 theme insulin-like 1402:1413 arg1 level 1430:1434 elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level 1380:1434 elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level 1380:1434 Development on high sucrose diets was accompanied by elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level. 26050918 8 47 theme thiols 1147:1152 arg1 content 1128:1134 content 1128:1134 content of protein thiols 1128:1152 High sucrose diet increased content of protein thiols and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 26050918 8 47 theme thiols 1147:1152 arg1 activity 1162:1169 the activity 1158:1169 the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1158:1206 High sucrose diet increased content of protein thiols and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 26050918 4 48 theme increased 637:645 arg1 mass 656:659 increased dry body mass 637:659 increased dry body mass 637:659 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 4 48 theme increased 637:645 arg1 glycogen 627:634 glycogen 627:634 glycogen 627:634 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 11 49 theme higher 1554:1559 arg1 levels 1561:1566 higher levels 1554:1566 higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins 1554:1598 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 7 50 theme sucrose 924:930 arg1 concentrations 932:945 all sucrose concentrations 920:945 all sucrose concentrations 920:945 In males, at all sucrose concentrations used catalase activity was higher than at its concentration of 0.25%, whereas in females sucrose concentration virtually did not influence the activity. 26050918 1 51 theme constant 187:194 arg1 amount 196:201 constant amount 187:201 constant amount of yeasts 187:211 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 51 theme constant 187:194 arg1 yeasts 206:211 yeasts 206:211 yeasts 206:211 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 4 52 theme lipids 616:621 arg1 levels 606:611 enhanced levels 597:611 enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. 597:690 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 1 53 from diet 223:226 arg1 effects 127:133 The effects 123:133 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 123:309 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 9 54 theme sucrose 1225:1231 arg1 concentration 1233:1245 sucrose concentration 1225:1245 sucrose concentration 1225:1245 The increase in sucrose concentration also enhanced uric acid level in females, but caused opposite effects in males. 26050918 8 55 theme dehydrogenase 1194:1206 arg1 content 1128:1134 content 1128:1134 content of protein thiols 1128:1152 High sucrose diet increased content of protein thiols and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 26050918 8 55 theme dehydrogenase 1194:1206 arg1 activity 1162:1169 the activity 1158:1169 the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1158:1206 High sucrose diet increased content of protein thiols and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 26050918 4 56 theme water 672:676 arg1 content 678:684 decreased water content 662:684 decreased water content 662:684 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 4 56 theme water 672:676 arg1 glycogen 627:634 glycogen 627:634 glycogen 627:634 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 10 57 theme elevated 1380:1387 arg1 level 1430:1434 elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level 1380:1434 elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level 1380:1434 Development on high sucrose diets was accompanied by elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level. 26050918 9 58 theme uric 1261:1264 arg1 level 1271:1275 uric acid level 1261:1275 uric acid level 1261:1275 The increase in sucrose concentration also enhanced uric acid level in females, but caused opposite effects in males. 26050918 5 59 theme proteins 804:811 arg1 activity 828:835 the activity 824:835 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase 748:859 Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. 26050918 5 59 theme proteins 804:811 arg1 oxidation 780:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation 748:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase 748:859 Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. 26050918 5 60 theme dismutase 851:859 arg1 activity 828:835 the activity 824:835 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase 748:859 Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. 26050918 5 60 theme dismutase 851:859 arg1 oxidation 780:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation 748:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase 748:859 Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. 26050918 4 61 theme body 651:654 arg1 mass 656:659 increased dry body mass 637:659 increased dry body mass 637:659 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 4 61 theme body 651:654 arg1 glycogen 627:634 glycogen 627:634 glycogen 627:634 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 7 62 theme catalase 952:959 arg1 activity 961:968 catalase activity 952:968 catalase activity 952:968 In males, at all sucrose concentrations used catalase activity was higher than at its concentration of 0.25%, whereas in females sucrose concentration virtually did not influence the activity. 26050918 11 63 theme low 1494:1496 arg1 diets 1506:1510 low sucrose diets 1494:1510 low sucrose diets 1494:1510 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 12 64 theme processes 1709:1717 arg1 regulation 1689:1698 regulation 1689:1698 regulation of redox processes by carbohydrates 1689:1734 Potential mechanisms involved in regulation of redox processes by carbohydrates are discussed. 26050918 10 65 theme sucrose 1347:1353 arg1 diets 1355:1359 high sucrose diets 1342:1359 high sucrose diets 1342:1359 Development on high sucrose diets was accompanied by elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level. 26050918 7 66 dep higher 974:979 arg1 used 947:950 used 947:950 used 947:950 In males, at all sucrose concentrations used catalase activity was higher than at its concentration of 0.25%, whereas in females sucrose concentration virtually did not influence the activity. 26050918 0 67 theme sucrose 5:11 arg1 consumption 13:23 High sucrose consumption 0:23 High sucrose consumption 0:23 High sucrose consumption promotes obesity whereas its low consumption induces oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. 26050918 9 68 theme opposite 1300:1307 arg1 effects 1309:1315 opposite effects 1300:1315 opposite effects 1300:1315 The increase in sucrose concentration also enhanced uric acid level in females, but caused opposite effects in males. 26050918 1 69 from sucrose 138:144 arg1 diet 223:226 larval diet 216:226 larval diet 216:226 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 69 from sucrose 138:144 arg1 concentrations 156:169 varied concentrations 149:169 varied concentrations (0.25-20%) 149:180 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 69 from sucrose 138:144 arg1 % 179:179 0.25-20% 172:179 0.25-20% 172:179 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 4 70 theme sucrose 533:539 arg1 diet 541:544 High sucrose diet 528:544 High sucrose diet 528:544 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 11 71 theme carbohydrate 1446:1457 arg1 starvation 1459:1468 carbohydrate starvation 1446:1468 carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets 1446:1510 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 5 72 theme lipids 793:798 arg1 activity 828:835 the activity 824:835 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase 748:859 Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. 26050918 5 72 theme lipids 793:798 arg1 oxidation 780:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation 748:788 reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase 748:859 Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. 26050918 1 73 theme adult 271:275 arg1 fruit 277:281 adult fruit 271:281 adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 271:309 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 74 from effects 127:133 arg1 diet 223:226 larval diet 216:226 larval diet 216:226 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 74 from effects 127:133 arg1 concentrations 156:169 varied concentrations 149:169 varied concentrations (0.25-20%) 149:180 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 74 from effects 127:133 arg1 % 179:179 0.25-20% 172:179 0.25-20% 172:179 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 74 from effects 127:133 arg1 development 231:241 development 231:241 development 231:241 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 1 74 from effects 127:133 arg1 parameters 257:266 metabolic parameters 247:266 metabolic parameters 247:266 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 11 75 from overfeeding 1479:1489 arg1 starvation 1459:1468 carbohydrate starvation 1446:1468 carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets 1446:1510 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 10 76 theme high 1342:1345 arg1 diets 1355:1359 high sucrose diets 1342:1359 high sucrose diets 1342:1359 Development on high sucrose diets was accompanied by elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level. 26050918 4 77 theme obese 704:708 arg1 phenotype 710:718 obese phenotype 704:718 obese phenotype 704:718 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 3 78 attach derived 508:514 arg2 protein 500:506 less protein 495:506 less protein derived from yeast 495:525 On high sucrose diet, larvae ingested more carbohydrates, despite consuming less food and obtaining less protein derived from yeast. 26050918 3 78 attach derived 508:514 arg1 yeast 521:525 yeast 521:525 yeast 521:525 On high sucrose diet, larvae ingested more carbohydrates, despite consuming less food and obtaining less protein derived from yeast. 26050918 3 79 theme high 398:401 arg1 diet 411:414 high sucrose diet 398:414 high sucrose diet 398:414 On high sucrose diet, larvae ingested more carbohydrates, despite consuming less food and obtaining less protein derived from yeast. 26050918 0 80 theme low 54:56 arg1 consumption 58:68 its low consumption 50:68 its low consumption 50:68 High sucrose consumption promotes obesity whereas its low consumption induces oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. 26050918 11 81 theme oxidized 1571:1578 arg1 lipids 1580:1585 oxidized lipids 1571:1585 oxidized lipids 1571:1585 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 11 82 theme increased 1615:1623 arg1 dismutase 1636:1644 increased superoxide dismutase 1615:1644 increased superoxide dismutase activity 1615:1653 Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. 26050918 3 83 theme consuming 461:469 arg1 food 476:479 consuming less food 461:479 consuming less food 461:479 On high sucrose diet, larvae ingested more carbohydrates, despite consuming less food and obtaining less protein derived from yeast. 26050918 1 84 theme larval 216:221 arg1 diet 223:226 larval diet 216:226 larval diet 216:226 The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. 26050918 8 85 theme High 1100:1103 arg1 diet 1113:1116 High sucrose diet 1100:1116 High sucrose diet 1100:1116 High sucrose diet increased content of protein thiols and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 26050918 4 86 theme enhanced 597:604 arg1 levels 606:611 enhanced levels 597:611 enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. 597:690 High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. 26050918 2 87 theme low 354:356 arg1 diet 366:369 low sucrose diet 354:369 low sucrose diet 354:369 Larvae consumed more food at low sucrose diet, overeating with yeast. 24239579 0 0 theme intact 76:81 arg1 liposomes 83:91 intact liposomes 76:91 intact liposomes 76:91 The influence of lipid composition and surface charge on biodistribution of intact liposomes releasing from hydrogel-embedded vesicles. 24239579 5 1 dep whether 1024:1030 arg1 in 1032:1033 in 1032:1033 in 1032:1033 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 0 2 from influence 4:12 arg1 biodistribution 57:71 biodistribution 57:71 biodistribution of intact liposomes 57:91 The influence of lipid composition and surface charge on biodistribution of intact liposomes releasing from hydrogel-embedded vesicles. 24239579 7 3 theme characteristic 1426:1439 arg1 peaks 1441:1445 characteristic peaks 1426:1445 characteristic peaks 1426:1445 The interactions between the liposomes and chitosan-glycerophosphate, confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra as shifted characteristic peaks, were observed in the combined systems. 24239579 5 4 theme liposomal 1035:1043 arg1 hydrogel 1045:1052 liposomal hydrogel 1035:1052 liposomal hydrogel 1035:1052 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 6 5 dep times 1212:1216 arg1 value 1226:1230 its AUC value 1218:1230 its AUC value 1218:1230 Interesting results were observed in that the hydrogel could reverse the peritoneal retention of negatively charged liposomes, increasing to 8 times its AUC value, to attain the highest amount among all formulations. 24239579 3 6 theme potential 521:529 arg1 effect 531:536 the potential effect 517:536 the potential effect on the controlled release of liposomes 517:575 In order to address this concept, different liposomes have been incorporated into hydrogel to evaluate the potential effect on the controlled release of liposomes. 24239579 3 7 from effect 531:536 arg1 release 556:562 the controlled release 541:562 the controlled release of liposomes 541:575 In order to address this concept, different liposomes have been incorporated into hydrogel to evaluate the potential effect on the controlled release of liposomes. 24239579 1 8 theme effective 251:259 arg1 formulations 261:272 more effective formulations 246:272 more effective formulations 246:272 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 2 9 theme embedded 305:312 arg1 particles 314:322 the embedded particles 301:322 the embedded particles 301:322 They are more valuable if the embedded particles perform well, rather than using drugs that have been affected by the surrounding vehicle. 24239579 5 10 dep values 897:902 arg1 both 905:908 both 905:908 both 905:908 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 8 11 theme liposomes 1545:1553 arg1 release 1527:1533 the release 1523:1533 the release 1523:1533 Overall, the hydrogel could control the release of intact liposomes, which could be manipulated by both the liposome type and interactions between the two vehicles. 24239579 4 12 dep neutral 682:688 arg1 negative 691:698 negative 691:698 negative 691:698 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 0 13 theme hydrogel-embedded 108:124 arg1 vesicles 126:133 hydrogel-embedded vesicles 108:133 hydrogel-embedded vesicles 108:133 The influence of lipid composition and surface charge on biodistribution of intact liposomes releasing from hydrogel-embedded vesicles. 24239579 1 14 contain possess 164:170 arg2 advantages 172:181 advantages 172:181 advantages over discrete systems 172:203 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 1 14 contain possess 164:170 arg1 systems 156:162 Mixed drug delivery systems 136:162 Mixed drug delivery systems 136:162 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 1 14 contain possess 164:170 arg1 strategy 227:234 a strategy 225:234 a strategy to design more effective formulations 225:272 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 4 15 theme positive 711:718 arg1 [DOTAP 720:725 positive [DOTAP 711:725 positive [DOTAP 711:725 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 8 16 theme intact 1538:1543 arg1 liposomes 1545:1553 intact liposomes 1538:1553 intact liposomes 1538:1553 Overall, the hydrogel could control the release of intact liposomes, which could be manipulated by both the liposome type and interactions between the two vehicles. 24239579 6 17 theme AUC 1222:1224 arg1 value 1226:1230 its AUC value 1218:1230 its AUC value 1218:1230 Interesting results were observed in that the hydrogel could reverse the peritoneal retention of negatively charged liposomes, increasing to 8 times its AUC value, to attain the highest amount among all formulations. 24239579 1 18 theme discrete 188:195 arg1 systems 197:203 discrete systems 188:203 discrete systems 188:203 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 3 19 theme controlled 545:554 arg1 release 556:562 the controlled release 541:562 the controlled release of liposomes 541:575 In order to address this concept, different liposomes have been incorporated into hydrogel to evaluate the potential effect on the controlled release of liposomes. 24239579 5 20 theme DMPC 1005:1008 arg1 formulations 1010:1021 the DPPC and DMPC formulations 992:1021 formulations 1010:1021 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 4 21 theme neutral 682:688 arg1 [DSPG 700:704 neutral, negative [DSPG 682:704 neutral, negative [DSPG 682:704 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 21 theme neutral 682:688 arg1 charges 673:679 charges 673:679 charges (neutral, negative [DSPG] 673:705 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 0 22 theme lipid 17:21 arg1 composition 23:33 lipid composition 17:33 lipid composition 17:33 The influence of lipid composition and surface charge on biodistribution of intact liposomes releasing from hydrogel-embedded vesicles. 24239579 4 23 theme different 618:626 arg1 DPPC 654:657 DPPC 654:657 DPPC 654:657 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 23 theme different 618:626 arg1 DSPC 663:666 DSPC 663:666 DSPC 663:666 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 23 theme different 618:626 arg1 DMPC 648:651 DMPC 648:651 DMPC 648:651 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 23 theme different 618:626 arg1 lengths 639:645 different acyl chain lengths 618:645 different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) 618:667 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 5 24 theme curve 885:889 arg1 values 897:902 the curve (AUC) values 881:902 the curve (AUC) values 881:902 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 7 25 theme combined 1469:1476 arg1 systems 1478:1484 the combined systems 1465:1484 the combined systems 1465:1484 The interactions between the liposomes and chitosan-glycerophosphate, confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra as shifted characteristic peaks, were observed in the combined systems. 24239579 6 26 theme liposomes 1185:1193 arg1 retention 1153:1161 the peritoneal retention 1138:1161 the peritoneal retention of negatively charged liposomes 1138:1193 Interesting results were observed in that the hydrogel could reverse the peritoneal retention of negatively charged liposomes, increasing to 8 times its AUC value, to attain the highest amount among all formulations. 24239579 7 27 theme infrared 1391:1398 arg1 spectra 1407:1413 infrared (FTIR) spectra as shifted characteristic peaks 1391:1445 infrared (FTIR) spectra as shifted characteristic peaks 1391:1445 The interactions between the liposomes and chitosan-glycerophosphate, confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra as shifted characteristic peaks, were observed in the combined systems. 24239579 2 28 theme surrounding 393:403 arg1 vehicle 405:411 the surrounding vehicle 389:411 the surrounding vehicle 389:411 They are more valuable if the embedded particles perform well, rather than using drugs that have been affected by the surrounding vehicle. 24239579 6 29 theme highest 1247:1253 arg1 amount 1255:1260 the highest amount 1243:1260 the highest amount among all formulations 1243:1283 Interesting results were observed in that the hydrogel could reverse the peritoneal retention of negatively charged liposomes, increasing to 8 times its AUC value, to attain the highest amount among all formulations. 24239579 6 30 theme charged 1177:1183 arg1 liposomes 1185:1193 negatively charged liposomes 1166:1193 negatively charged liposomes 1166:1193 Interesting results were observed in that the hydrogel could reverse the peritoneal retention of negatively charged liposomes, increasing to 8 times its AUC value, to attain the highest amount among all formulations. 24239579 1 31 used used 217:220 arg2 systems 156:162 Mixed drug delivery systems 136:162 Mixed drug delivery systems 136:162 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 1 31 used used 217:220 arg2 strategy 227:234 a strategy 225:234 a strategy to design more effective formulations 225:272 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 4 32 theme chain 633:637 arg1 DPPC 654:657 DPPC 654:657 DPPC 654:657 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 32 theme chain 633:637 arg1 DSPC 663:666 DSPC 663:666 DSPC 663:666 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 32 theme chain 633:637 arg1 DMPC 648:651 DMPC 648:651 DMPC 648:651 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 32 theme chain 633:637 arg1 lengths 639:645 different acyl chain lengths 618:645 different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) 618:667 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 0 33 theme composition 23:33 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of lipid composition and surface charge on biodistribution of intact liposomes 0:91 The influence of lipid composition and surface charge on biodistribution of intact liposomes releasing from hydrogel-embedded vesicles. 24239579 5 34 theme % 929:929 arg1 blood 917:921 the blood 913:921 the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) 913:939 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 5 34 theme % 929:929 arg1 ID/gh 930:934 206.5%ID/gh(-1) 924:938 206.5%ID/gh(-1) 924:938 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 4 35 theme acyl 628:631 arg1 DPPC 654:657 DPPC 654:657 DPPC 654:657 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 35 theme acyl 628:631 arg1 DSPC 663:666 DSPC 663:666 DSPC 663:666 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 35 theme acyl 628:631 arg1 DMPC 648:651 DMPC 648:651 DMPC 648:651 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 35 theme acyl 628:631 arg1 lengths 639:645 different acyl chain lengths 618:645 different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) 618:667 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 0 36 theme charge 47:52 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of lipid composition and surface charge on biodistribution of intact liposomes 0:91 The influence of lipid composition and surface charge on biodistribution of intact liposomes releasing from hydrogel-embedded vesicles. 24239579 5 37 theme % 962:962 arg1 ID/gh 963:967 622.3%ID/gh(-1) 957:971 622.3%ID/gh(-1) 957:971 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 5 37 theme % 962:962 arg1 peritoneum 945:954 peritoneum 945:954 peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)) 945:972 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 0 38 theme surface 39:45 arg1 charge 47:52 surface charge 39:52 surface charge 39:52 The influence of lipid composition and surface charge on biodistribution of intact liposomes releasing from hydrogel-embedded vesicles. 24239579 5 39 theme DPPC 996:999 arg1 formulations 1010:1021 the DPPC and DMPC formulations 992:1021 formulations 1010:1021 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 3 40 theme liposomes 567:575 arg1 release 556:562 the controlled release 541:562 the controlled release of liposomes 541:575 In order to address this concept, different liposomes have been incorporated into hydrogel to evaluate the potential effect on the controlled release of liposomes. 24239579 5 41 theme highest 862:868 arg1 area 870:873 the highest area 858:873 the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)) 858:972 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 6 42 theme peritoneal 1142:1151 arg1 retention 1153:1161 the peritoneal retention 1138:1161 the peritoneal retention of negatively charged liposomes 1138:1193 Interesting results were observed in that the hydrogel could reverse the peritoneal retention of negatively charged liposomes, increasing to 8 times its AUC value, to attain the highest amount among all formulations. 24239579 6 43 theme Interesting 1069:1079 arg1 results 1081:1087 Interesting results 1069:1087 Interesting results 1069:1087 Interesting results were observed in that the hydrogel could reverse the peritoneal retention of negatively charged liposomes, increasing to 8 times its AUC value, to attain the highest amount among all formulations. 24239579 3 44 theme different 448:456 arg1 liposomes 458:466 different liposomes 448:466 different liposomes 448:466 In order to address this concept, different liposomes have been incorporated into hydrogel to evaluate the potential effect on the controlled release of liposomes. 24239579 7 45 dep Fourier 1373:1379 arg1 transform 1381:1389 transform 1381:1389 transform infrared (FTIR) spectra as shifted characteristic peaks 1381:1445 The interactions between the liposomes and chitosan-glycerophosphate, confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra as shifted characteristic peaks, were observed in the combined systems. 24239579 8 46 theme liposome 1595:1602 arg1 type 1604:1607 the liposome type 1591:1607 the liposome type 1591:1607 Overall, the hydrogel could control the release of intact liposomes, which could be manipulated by both the liposome type and interactions between the two vehicles. 24239579 5 47 contain had 854:856 arg1 liposomes 844:852 the DSPC liposomes 835:852 the DSPC liposomes 835:852 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 5 47 contain had 854:856 arg2 area 870:873 the highest area 858:873 the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)) 858:972 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 1 48 theme drug 142:145 arg1 strategy 227:234 a strategy 225:234 a strategy to design more effective formulations 225:272 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 1 48 theme drug 142:145 arg1 systems 156:162 Mixed drug delivery systems 136:162 Mixed drug delivery systems 136:162 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 1 49 theme Mixed 136:140 arg1 strategy 227:234 a strategy 225:234 a strategy to design more effective formulations 225:272 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 1 49 theme Mixed 136:140 arg1 systems 156:162 Mixed drug delivery systems 136:162 Mixed drug delivery systems 136:162 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 7 50 located observed 1453:1460 arg1 systems 1478:1484 the combined systems 1465:1484 the combined systems 1465:1484 The interactions between the liposomes and chitosan-glycerophosphate, confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra as shifted characteristic peaks, were observed in the combined systems. 24239579 7 50 located observed 1453:1460 arg2 interactions 1290:1301 The interactions 1286:1301 The interactions 1286:1301 The interactions between the liposomes and chitosan-glycerophosphate, confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra as shifted characteristic peaks, were observed in the combined systems. 24239579 1 51 theme delivery 147:154 arg1 strategy 227:234 a strategy 225:234 a strategy to design more effective formulations 225:272 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 1 51 theme delivery 147:154 arg1 systems 156:162 Mixed drug delivery systems 136:162 Mixed drug delivery systems 136:162 Mixed drug delivery systems possess advantages over discrete systems, and can be used as a strategy to design more effective formulations. 24239579 7 52 dep infrared 1391:1398 arg1 FTIR 1401:1404 FTIR 1401:1404 FTIR 1401:1404 The interactions between the liposomes and chitosan-glycerophosphate, confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra as shifted characteristic peaks, were observed in the combined systems. 24239579 4 53 theme Radiolabeled 578:589 arg1 liposomes 591:599 Radiolabeled liposomes 578:599 Radiolabeled liposomes 578:599 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 54 dep lengths 639:645 arg1 DPPC 654:657 DPPC 654:657 DPPC 654:657 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 54 dep lengths 639:645 arg1 DSPC 663:666 DSPC 663:666 DSPC 663:666 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 54 dep lengths 639:645 arg1 DMPC 648:651 DMPC 648:651 DMPC 648:651 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 54 dep lengths 639:645 arg1 lengths 639:645 different acyl chain lengths 618:645 different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) 618:667 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 4 54 dep lengths 639:645 arg1 respect 607:613 respect 607:613 respect 607:613 Radiolabeled liposomes, with respect to different acyl chain lengths (DMPC, DPPC, or DSPC) and charges (neutral, negative [DSPG], or positive [DOTAP]) were integrated into chitosan-glycerophosphate. 24239579 5 55 theme DSPC 839:842 arg1 liposomes 844:852 the DSPC liposomes 835:852 the DSPC liposomes 835:852 The results obtained from the biodistribution showed that the DSPC liposomes had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values, both in the blood (206.5%ID/gh(-1)) and peritoneum (622.3%ID/gh(-1)), when compared to the DPPC and DMPC formulations, whether in liposomal hydrogel or dispersion. 24239579 0 56 theme liposomes 83:91 arg1 biodistribution 57:71 biodistribution 57:71 biodistribution of intact liposomes 57:91 The influence of lipid composition and surface charge on biodistribution of intact liposomes releasing from hydrogel-embedded vesicles. 28727033 4 0 theme fiber 723:727 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 0 theme fiber 723:727 arg1 diet 735:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 14 1 theme Old 2062:2064 arg1 dogs 2066:2069 Old dogs 2062:2069 Old dogs 2062:2069 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 4 2 theme soybean 843:849 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 2 theme soybean 843:849 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 2 theme soybean 843:849 arg1 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 2 theme soybean 843:849 arg1 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 2 theme soybean 843:849 arg1 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 2 theme soybean 843:849 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 10 3 theme NFF 1496:1498 arg1 diet 1500:1503 the NFF diet 1492:1503 the NFF diet 1492:1503 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet had increased DM content ( < 0.05). 28727033 15 4 theme fecal 2170:2174 arg1 < 2182:2182 < 0.001 2182:2188 < 0.001 2182:2188 An age and diet interaction was observed for fecal IgA ( < 0.001). 28727033 15 4 theme fecal 2170:2174 arg1 IgA 2176:2178 fecal IgA 2170:2178 fecal IgA ( < 0.001) 2170:2189 An age and diet interaction was observed for fecal IgA ( < 0.001). 28727033 11 5 theme SM 1644:1645 arg1 diets 1647:1651 the FF and SM diets 1633:1651 diets 1647:1651 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 11 6 theme FF 1637:1638 arg1 diets 1647:1651 the FF and SM diets 1633:1651 diets 1647:1651 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 20 7 contain had 2669:2671 arg2 concentrations 2725:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 Old dogs had increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations. 28727033 20 7 contain had 2669:2671 arg1 dogs 2664:2667 Old dogs 2660:2667 Old dogs 2660:2667 Old dogs had increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations. 28727033 13 8 theme fecal 1974:1978 arg1 concentration 1980:1992 the spermidine fecal concentration 1959:1992 the spermidine fecal concentration 1959:1992 Fecal putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine were increased for old dogs compared with adult dogs ( < 0.05), and the spermidine fecal concentration was increased for dogs fed the SM diet regardless of age ( < 0.05). 28727033 4 9 theme byproduct 692:700 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 9 theme byproduct 692:700 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 9 theme byproduct 692:700 arg1 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 9 theme byproduct 692:700 arg1 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 9 theme byproduct 692:700 arg1 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 9 theme byproduct 692:700 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 10 10 theme DM 1519:1520 arg1 < 1532:1532 < 0.05 1532:1537 < 0.05 1532:1537 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet had increased DM content ( < 0.05). 28727033 10 10 theme DM 1519:1520 arg1 content 1522:1528 increased DM content 1509:1528 increased DM content ( < 0.05) 1509:1538 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet had increased DM content ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 11 contain had 1147:1149 arg1 dogs 1142:1145 Old dogs 1138:1145 Old dogs 1138:1145 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 11 contain had 1147:1149 arg2 coefficient 1161:1171 a reduced coefficient 1151:1171 a reduced coefficient 1151:1171 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 12 12 dep increased 1761:1769 arg1 compared 1796:1803 compared 1796:1803 compared with adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05) 1796:1845 An age and diet interaction was observed for lactate and was increased in the feces of old dogs compared with adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 10 13 contain had 1505:1507 arg2 < 1532:1532 < 0.05 1532:1537 < 0.05 1532:1537 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet had increased DM content ( < 0.05). 28727033 10 13 contain had 1505:1507 arg2 content 1522:1528 increased DM content 1509:1528 increased DM content ( < 0.05) 1509:1538 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet had increased DM content ( < 0.05). 28727033 10 13 contain had 1505:1507 arg1 feces 1474:1478 The feces 1470:1478 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet 1470:1503 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet had increased DM content ( < 0.05). 28727033 16 14 theme NFF 2276:2278 arg1 < 2295:2295 < 0.05 2295:2300 < 0.05 2295:2300 Adult dogs fed the SM diet had increased IgA in feces compared with animals fed the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05). 28727033 16 14 theme NFF 2276:2278 arg1 diets 2287:2291 the NFF and FF diets 2272:2291 the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05) 2272:2301 Adult dogs fed the SM diet had increased IgA in feces compared with animals fed the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05). 28727033 5 15 dep effects 978:984 arg1 the 974:976 the 974:976 the 974:976 Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure and considering the effects and interactions of block, animal, diets, and age. 28727033 4 16 theme fiber 756:760 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 16 theme fiber 756:760 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 16 theme fiber 756:760 arg1 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 16 theme fiber 756:760 arg1 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 16 theme fiber 756:760 arg1 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 16 theme fiber 756:760 arg1 diet 832:835 fermentable fiber [FF] diet 809:835 fermentable fiber [FF] diet 809:835 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 16 theme fiber 756:760 arg1 pulp 775:778 beet pulp 770:778 beet pulp 770:778 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 16 theme fiber 756:760 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 13 17 theme adult 1933:1937 arg1 < 1946:1946 < 0.05 1946:1951 < 0.05 1946:1951 Fecal putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine were increased for old dogs compared with adult dogs ( < 0.05), and the spermidine fecal concentration was increased for dogs fed the SM diet regardless of age ( < 0.05). 28727033 13 17 theme adult 1933:1937 arg1 dogs 1939:1942 adult dogs 1933:1942 adult dogs ( < 0.05) 1933:1952 Fecal putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine were increased for old dogs compared with adult dogs ( < 0.05), and the spermidine fecal concentration was increased for dogs fed the SM diet regardless of age ( < 0.05). 28727033 3 18 theme old 480:482 arg1 dogs 484:487 18 old dogs 477:487 18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr 477:541 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 1 19 theme present 173:179 arg1 study 181:185 The present study 169:185 The present study 169:185 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 18 20 theme dogs 2511:2514 arg1 feces 2498:2502 the feces 2494:2502 the feces of old dogs 2494:2514 In conclusion, beet pulp may reduce digestibility and induce increased lactate in the feces of old dogs. 28727033 0 21 from digestibility 58:70 arg1 dogs 163:166 dogs 163:166 dogs 163:166 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 4 22 theme meal 895:898 arg1 [SM 900:902 soybean meal [SM 887:902 soybean meal [SM 887:902 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 22 theme meal 895:898 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 0 23 theme fecal 114:118 arg1 IgA 120:122 fecal IgA 114:122 fecal IgA 114:122 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 4 24 dep [SM 900:902 arg1 diet 905:908 diet 905:908 diet 905:908 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 9 25 theme SM 1372:1373 arg1 diet 1375:1378 The SM diet 1368:1378 The SM diet 1368:1378 The SM diet obtained higher DM, OM, CP, and fiber digestibility compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 1 26 theme fermentability 253:266 arg1 fibers 233:238 fibers 233:238 fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins 233:317 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 7 27 theme × 1091:1091 arg1 interactions 1098:1109 Age × diet interactions 1087:1109 Age × diet interactions 1087:1109 Age × diet interactions were evaluated when < 0.1. 28727033 13 28 theme old 1910:1912 arg1 dogs 1914:1917 old dogs 1910:1917 old dogs 1910:1917 Fecal putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine were increased for old dogs compared with adult dogs ( < 0.05), and the spermidine fecal concentration was increased for dogs fed the SM diet regardless of age ( < 0.05). 28727033 12 29 theme old 1787:1789 arg1 dogs 1791:1794 old dogs 1787:1794 old dogs 1787:1794 An age and diet interaction was observed for lactate and was increased in the feces of old dogs compared with adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 30 theme total 1176:1180 arg1 digestibility 1197:1209 total tract apparent digestibility 1176:1209 total tract apparent digestibility of DM 1176:1215 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 5 31 theme age 1032:1034 arg1 effects 978:984 effects 978:984 effects 978:984 Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure and considering the effects and interactions of block, animal, diets, and age. 28727033 5 31 theme age 1032:1034 arg1 interactions 990:1001 interactions 990:1001 interactions 990:1001 Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure and considering the effects and interactions of block, animal, diets, and age. 28727033 1 32 from effects 200:206 arg1 dogs 336:339 old and adult dogs 322:339 old and adult dogs 322:339 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 3 33 theme adult 518:522 arg1 dogs 524:527 18 young adult dogs 509:527 18 young adult dogs 509:527 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 4 34 theme byproduct 793:801 arg1 meal 803:806 chicken byproduct meal 785:806 chicken byproduct meal 785:806 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 8 35 theme apparent 1188:1195 arg1 digestibility 1197:1209 total tract apparent digestibility 1176:1209 total tract apparent digestibility of DM 1176:1215 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 19 36 theme soybean 2553:2559 arg1 meal 2561:2564 soybean meal 2553:2564 soybean meal 2553:2564 The protein and oligosaccharides of soybean meal are digestible by dogs, induce the production of SCFA and spermidine, and increase fecal IgA. 28727033 0 37 theme sources 47:53 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 0:167 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 1 38 theme vegetable 301:309 arg1 origins 311:317 animal or vegetable origins 291:317 animal or vegetable origins 291:317 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 11 39 theme NFF 1680:1682 arg1 diet 1684:1687 the NFF diet 1676:1687 the NFF diet ( < 0.05) 1676:1697 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 11 39 theme NFF 1680:1682 arg1 < 1691:1691 < 0.05 1691:1696 < 0.05 1691:1696 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 0 40 theme immunological 129:141 arg1 parameters 149:158 immunological blood parameters 129:158 immunological blood parameters 129:158 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 8 41 theme digestibility 1197:1209 arg1 coefficient 1161:1171 a reduced coefficient 1151:1171 a reduced coefficient 1151:1171 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 16 42 from IgA 2233:2235 arg1 feces 2240:2244 feces 2240:2244 feces 2240:2244 Adult dogs fed the SM diet had increased IgA in feces compared with animals fed the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05). 28727033 0 43 theme fecal 73:77 arg1 microbiota 79:88 fecal microbiota 73:88 fecal microbiota 73:88 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 18 44 theme increased 2473:2481 arg1 lactate 2483:2489 increased lactate 2473:2489 increased lactate in the feces of old dogs 2473:2514 In conclusion, beet pulp may reduce digestibility and induce increased lactate in the feces of old dogs. 28727033 4 45 theme nonfermentable 624:637 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 45 theme nonfermentable 624:637 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 45 theme nonfermentable 624:637 arg1 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 45 theme nonfermentable 624:637 arg1 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 45 theme nonfermentable 624:637 arg1 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 45 theme nonfermentable 624:637 arg1 diet 735:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 45 theme nonfermentable 624:637 arg1 fiber 673:677 sugarcane fiber 663:677 sugarcane fiber 663:677 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 45 theme nonfermentable 624:637 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 2 46 theme factorial 397:405 arg1 arrangement 407:417 a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement 374:417 a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement 374:417 The experiment was organized in a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement, totaling 6 treatments. 28727033 20 47 theme increased 2673:2681 arg1 concentrations 2725:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 Old dogs had increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations. 28727033 4 48 theme similar 590:596 arg1 compositions 598:609 similar compositions 590:609 similar compositions 590:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 16 49 theme FF 2284:2285 arg1 < 2295:2295 < 0.05 2295:2300 < 0.05 2295:2300 Adult dogs fed the SM diet had increased IgA in feces compared with animals fed the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05). 28727033 16 49 theme FF 2284:2285 arg1 diets 2287:2291 the NFF and FF diets 2272:2291 the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05) 2272:2301 Adult dogs fed the SM diet had increased IgA in feces compared with animals fed the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05). 28727033 1 50 theme different 243:251 arg1 fermentability 253:266 different fermentability 243:266 different fermentability 243:266 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 9 51 theme NFF 1450:1452 arg1 diet 1454:1457 the NFF diet 1446:1457 the NFF diet ( < 0.05) 1446:1467 The SM diet obtained higher DM, OM, CP, and fiber digestibility compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 9 51 theme NFF 1450:1452 arg1 < 1461:1461 < 0.05 1461:1466 < 0.05 1461:1466 The SM diet obtained higher DM, OM, CP, and fiber digestibility compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 19 52 theme SCFA 2615:2618 arg1 production 2601:2610 the production 2597:2610 the production of SCFA and spermidine 2597:2633 The protein and oligosaccharides of soybean meal are digestible by dogs, induce the production of SCFA and spermidine, and increase fecal IgA. 28727033 12 53 theme diet 1711:1714 arg1 interaction 1716:1726 diet interaction 1711:1726 diet interaction 1711:1726 An age and diet interaction was observed for lactate and was increased in the feces of old dogs compared with adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 13 54 theme SM 2025:2026 arg1 diet 2028:2031 the SM diet 2021:2031 the SM diet 2021:2031 Fecal putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine were increased for old dogs compared with adult dogs ( < 0.05), and the spermidine fecal concentration was increased for dogs fed the SM diet regardless of age ( < 0.05). 28727033 4 55 theme fiber 821:825 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 55 theme fiber 821:825 arg1 diet 832:835 fermentable fiber [FF] diet 809:835 fermentable fiber [FF] diet 809:835 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 0 56 from parameters 149:158 arg1 dogs 163:166 dogs 163:166 dogs 163:166 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 17 57 theme NFF 2392:2394 arg1 diet 2396:2399 the NFF diet 2388:2399 the NFF diet ( < 0.05) 2388:2409 However, for old dogs, both the FF and SM diets induced increased IgA compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 17 57 theme NFF 2392:2394 arg1 < 2403:2403 < 0.05 2403:2408 < 0.05 2403:2408 However, for old dogs, both the FF and SM diets induced increased IgA compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 1 58 theme sources 280:286 arg1 fibers 233:238 fibers 233:238 fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins 233:317 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 14 59 theme B 2100:2100 arg1 < 2116:2116 < 0.05 2116:2121 < 0.05 2116:2121 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 14 59 theme B 2100:2100 arg1 lymphocytes 2102:2112 reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes 2075:2112 reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05) 2075:2122 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 2 60 theme ages 391:394 arg1 arrangement 407:417 a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement 374:417 a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement 374:417 The experiment was organized in a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement, totaling 6 treatments. 28727033 1 61 theme animal 291:296 arg1 origins 311:317 animal or vegetable origins 291:317 animal or vegetable origins 291:317 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 13 62 theme Fecal 1848:1852 arg1 putrescine 1854:1863 Fecal putrescine 1848:1863 Fecal putrescine 1848:1863 Fecal putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine were increased for old dogs compared with adult dogs ( < 0.05), and the spermidine fecal concentration was increased for dogs fed the SM diet regardless of age ( < 0.05). 28727033 14 63 theme T 2094:2094 arg1 < 2116:2116 < 0.05 2116:2121 < 0.05 2116:2121 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 14 63 theme T 2094:2094 arg1 lymphocytes 2102:2112 reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes 2075:2112 reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05) 2075:2122 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 11 64 theme short-chain 1545:1555 arg1 higher 1613:1618 higher 1613:1618 higher 1613:1618 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 11 64 theme short-chain 1545:1555 arg1 SCFA 1570:1573 SCFA 1570:1573 SCFA 1570:1573 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 11 64 theme short-chain 1545:1555 arg1 acids 1563:1567 The short-chain fatty acids 1541:1567 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) 1541:1574 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 10 65 theme dogs 1483:1486 arg1 feces 1474:1478 The feces 1470:1478 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet 1470:1503 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet had increased DM content ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 66 theme Old 1138:1140 arg1 dogs 1142:1145 Old dogs 1138:1145 Old dogs 1138:1145 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 67 theme adult 1330:1334 arg1 dogs 1336:1339 adult dogs 1330:1339 adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05) 1330:1365 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 14 68 theme reduced 2075:2081 arg1 < 2116:2116 < 0.05 2116:2121 < 0.05 2116:2121 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 14 68 theme reduced 2075:2081 arg1 lymphocytes 2102:2112 reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes 2075:2112 reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05) 2075:2122 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 69 theme digestibility 1284:1296 arg1 diet 1253:1256 diet 1253:1256 diet 1253:1256 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 69 theme digestibility 1284:1296 arg1 age 1245:1247 age 1245:1247 age 1245:1247 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 19 70 theme spermidine 2624:2633 arg1 production 2601:2610 the production 2597:2610 the production of SCFA and spermidine 2597:2633 The protein and oligosaccharides of soybean meal are digestible by dogs, induce the production of SCFA and spermidine, and increase fecal IgA. 28727033 3 71 theme Thirty-six 443:452 arg1 dogs 461:464 Thirty-six Beagle dogs 443:464 Thirty-six Beagle dogs 443:464 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 5 72 theme block 1006:1010 arg1 effects 978:984 effects 978:984 effects 978:984 Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure and considering the effects and interactions of block, animal, diets, and age. 28727033 5 72 theme block 1006:1010 arg1 interactions 990:1001 interactions 990:1001 interactions 990:1001 Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure and considering the effects and interactions of block, animal, diets, and age. 28727033 19 73 theme meal 2561:2564 arg1 digestible 2570:2579 digestible 2570:2579 digestible 2570:2579 The protein and oligosaccharides of soybean meal are digestible by dogs, induce the production of SCFA and spermidine, and increase fecal IgA. 28727033 19 73 theme meal 2561:2564 arg1 oligosaccharides 2533:2548 The protein and oligosaccharides 2517:2548 oligosaccharides 2533:2548 The protein and oligosaccharides of soybean meal are digestible by dogs, induce the production of SCFA and spermidine, and increase fecal IgA. 28727033 19 73 theme meal 2561:2564 arg1 protein 2521:2527 The protein and oligosaccharides 2517:2548 protein 2521:2527 The protein and oligosaccharides of soybean meal are digestible by dogs, induce the production of SCFA and spermidine, and increase fecal IgA. 28727033 0 74 from products 104:111 arg1 dogs 163:166 dogs 163:166 dogs 163:166 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 17 75 theme SM 2343:2344 arg1 diets 2346:2350 both the FF and SM diets 2327:2350 diets 2346:2350 However, for old dogs, both the FF and SM diets induced increased IgA compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 76 theme FF 1349:1350 arg1 diet 1352:1355 the FF diet 1345:1355 the FF diet ( < 0.05) 1345:1365 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 76 theme FF 1349:1350 arg1 < 1359:1359 < 0.05 1359:1364 < 0.05 1359:1364 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 20 77 theme fecal 2719:2723 arg1 concentrations 2725:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 Old dogs had increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations. 28727033 4 78 theme nonfermentable 708:721 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 78 theme nonfermentable 708:721 arg1 diet 735:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 12 79 theme FF 1829:1830 arg1 < 1839:1839 < 0.05 1839:1844 < 0.05 1839:1844 An age and diet interaction was observed for lactate and was increased in the feces of old dogs compared with adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 12 79 theme FF 1829:1830 arg1 diet 1832:1835 the FF diet 1825:1835 the FF diet ( < 0.05) 1825:1845 An age and diet interaction was observed for lactate and was increased in the feces of old dogs compared with adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 19 80 theme fecal 2649:2653 arg1 IgA 2655:2657 fecal IgA 2649:2657 fecal IgA 2649:2657 The protein and oligosaccharides of soybean meal are digestible by dogs, induce the production of SCFA and spermidine, and increase fecal IgA. 28727033 13 81 theme spermidine 1963:1972 arg1 concentration 1980:1992 the spermidine fecal concentration 1959:1992 the spermidine fecal concentration 1959:1992 Fecal putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine were increased for old dogs compared with adult dogs ( < 0.05), and the spermidine fecal concentration was increased for dogs fed the SM diet regardless of age ( < 0.05). 28727033 12 82 theme dogs 1791:1794 arg1 feces 1778:1782 the feces 1774:1782 the feces of old dogs 1774:1794 An age and diet interaction was observed for lactate and was increased in the feces of old dogs compared with adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 20 83 theme putrecine 2683:2691 arg1 concentrations 2725:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 Old dogs had increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations. 28727033 4 84 theme [NFF 729:732 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 84 theme [NFF 729:732 arg1 diet 735:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 15 85 theme diet 2136:2139 arg1 interaction 2141:2151 diet interaction 2136:2151 diet interaction 2136:2151 An age and diet interaction was observed for fecal IgA ( < 0.001). 28727033 17 86 theme old 2317:2319 arg1 dogs 2321:2324 old dogs 2317:2324 old dogs 2317:2324 However, for old dogs, both the FF and SM diets induced increased IgA compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 3 87 dep ± 495:495 arg1 yr 501:502 1.0 yr 497:502 1.0 yr 497:502 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 20 88 theme cadaverine 2694:2703 arg1 concentrations 2725:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 Old dogs had increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations. 28727033 4 89 theme chicken 684:690 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 89 theme chicken 684:690 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 89 theme chicken 684:690 arg1 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 89 theme chicken 684:690 arg1 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 89 theme chicken 684:690 arg1 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 89 theme chicken 684:690 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 16 90 contain had 2219:2221 arg2 IgA 2233:2235 increased IgA 2223:2235 increased IgA in feces 2223:2244 Adult dogs fed the SM diet had increased IgA in feces compared with animals fed the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05). 28727033 16 90 contain had 2219:2221 arg1 dogs 2198:2201 Adult dogs 2192:2201 Adult dogs fed the SM diet 2192:2217 Adult dogs fed the SM diet had increased IgA in feces compared with animals fed the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05). 28727033 10 91 theme increased 1509:1517 arg1 < 1532:1532 < 0.05 1532:1537 < 0.05 1532:1537 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet had increased DM content ( < 0.05). 28727033 10 91 theme increased 1509:1517 arg1 content 1522:1528 increased DM content 1509:1528 increased DM content ( < 0.05) 1509:1538 The feces of dogs fed the NFF diet had increased DM content ( < 0.05). 28727033 16 92 theme SM 2211:2212 arg1 diet 2214:2217 the SM diet 2207:2217 the SM diet 2207:2217 Adult dogs fed the SM diet had increased IgA in feces compared with animals fed the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05). 28727033 4 93 theme soybean 887:893 arg1 [SM 900:902 soybean meal [SM 887:902 soybean meal [SM 887:902 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 93 theme soybean 887:893 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 3 94 used used 471:474 arg2 dogs 461:464 Thirty-six Beagle dogs 443:464 Thirty-six Beagle dogs 443:464 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 11 95 theme age 1594:1596 arg1 group 1598:1602 age group 1594:1602 age group 1594:1602 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 4 96 theme fermentable 744:754 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 96 theme fermentable 744:754 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 96 theme fermentable 744:754 arg1 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 96 theme fermentable 744:754 arg1 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 96 theme fermentable 744:754 arg1 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 96 theme fermentable 744:754 arg1 diet 832:835 fermentable fiber [FF] diet 809:835 fermentable fiber [FF] diet 809:835 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 96 theme fermentable 744:754 arg1 pulp 775:778 beet pulp 770:778 beet pulp 770:778 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 96 theme fermentable 744:754 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 8 97 theme reduced 1153:1159 arg1 coefficient 1161:1171 a reduced coefficient 1151:1171 a reduced coefficient 1151:1171 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 16 98 theme Adult 2192:2196 arg1 dogs 2198:2201 Adult dogs 2192:2201 Adult dogs fed the SM diet 2192:2217 Adult dogs fed the SM diet had increased IgA in feces compared with animals fed the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05). 28727033 18 99 theme old 2507:2509 arg1 dogs 2511:2514 old dogs 2507:2514 old dogs 2507:2514 In conclusion, beet pulp may reduce digestibility and induce increased lactate in the feces of old dogs. 28727033 14 100 contain had 2071:2073 arg1 dogs 2066:2069 Old dogs 2062:2069 Old dogs 2062:2069 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 14 100 contain had 2071:2073 arg2 < 2116:2116 < 0.05 2116:2121 < 0.05 2116:2121 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 14 100 contain had 2071:2073 arg2 lymphocytes 2102:2112 reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes 2075:2112 reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05) 2075:2122 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 16 101 theme increased 2223:2231 arg1 IgA 2233:2235 increased IgA 2223:2235 increased IgA in feces 2223:2244 Adult dogs fed the SM diet had increased IgA in feces compared with animals fed the NFF and FF diets ( < 0.05). 28727033 13 102 dep age 2047:2049 arg1 < 2053:2053 < 0.05 2053:2058 < 0.05 2053:2058 Fecal putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine were increased for old dogs compared with adult dogs ( < 0.05), and the spermidine fecal concentration was increased for dogs fed the SM diet regardless of age ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 103 theme tract 1182:1186 arg1 digestibility 1197:1209 total tract apparent digestibility 1176:1209 total tract apparent digestibility of DM 1176:1215 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 7 104 theme diet 1093:1096 arg1 interactions 1098:1109 Age × diet interactions 1087:1109 Age × diet interactions 1087:1109 Age × diet interactions were evaluated when < 0.1. 28727033 13 105 dep increased 1896:1904 arg1 compared 1919:1926 compared 1919:1926 compared with adult dogs ( < 0.05) 1919:1952 Fecal putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine were increased for old dogs compared with adult dogs ( < 0.05), and the spermidine fecal concentration was increased for dogs fed the SM diet regardless of age ( < 0.05). 28727033 0 106 theme blood 143:147 arg1 parameters 149:158 immunological blood parameters 129:158 immunological blood parameters 129:158 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 4 107 theme fiber 649:653 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 107 theme fiber 649:653 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 107 theme fiber 649:653 arg1 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 107 theme fiber 649:653 arg1 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 107 theme fiber 649:653 arg1 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 107 theme fiber 649:653 arg1 diet 735:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 107 theme fiber 649:653 arg1 fiber 673:677 sugarcane fiber 663:677 sugarcane fiber 663:677 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 107 theme fiber 649:653 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 11 108 theme fatty 1557:1561 arg1 higher 1613:1618 higher 1613:1618 higher 1613:1618 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 11 108 theme fatty 1557:1561 arg1 SCFA 1570:1573 SCFA 1570:1573 SCFA 1570:1573 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 11 108 theme fatty 1557:1561 arg1 acids 1563:1567 The short-chain fatty acids 1541:1567 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) 1541:1574 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) did not change by age group and were higher for dogs fed the FF and SM diets compared with dogs fed the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 3 109 dep used 471:474 arg1 dogs 484:487 18 old dogs 477:487 18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr 477:541 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 0 110 from microbiota 79:88 arg1 dogs 163:166 dogs 163:166 dogs 163:166 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 7 111 theme Age 1087:1089 arg1 interactions 1098:1109 Age × diet interactions 1087:1109 Age × diet interactions 1087:1109 Age × diet interactions were evaluated when < 0.1. 28727033 18 112 from lactate 2483:2489 arg1 feces 2498:2502 the feces 2494:2502 the feces of old dogs 2494:2514 In conclusion, beet pulp may reduce digestibility and induce increased lactate in the feces of old dogs. 28727033 8 113 dep age 1245:1247 arg1 interaction 1258:1268 interaction 1258:1268 interaction 1258:1268 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 113 dep age 1245:1247 arg1 the 1241:1243 the 1241:1243 the 1241:1243 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 4 114 theme chicken 785:791 arg1 meal 803:806 chicken byproduct meal 785:806 chicken byproduct meal 785:806 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 8 115 theme DM 1214:1215 arg1 digestibility 1197:1209 total tract apparent digestibility 1176:1209 total tract apparent digestibility of DM 1176:1215 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 5 116 theme animal 1013:1018 arg1 effects 978:984 effects 978:984 effects 978:984 Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure and considering the effects and interactions of block, animal, diets, and age. 28727033 5 116 theme animal 1013:1018 arg1 interactions 990:1001 interactions 990:1001 interactions 990:1001 Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure and considering the effects and interactions of block, animal, diets, and age. 28727033 9 117 dep higher 1389:1394 arg1 OM 1400:1401 OM 1400:1401 OM 1400:1401 The SM diet obtained higher DM, OM, CP, and fiber digestibility compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 9 117 dep higher 1389:1394 arg1 DM 1396:1397 DM 1396:1397 DM 1396:1397 The SM diet obtained higher DM, OM, CP, and fiber digestibility compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 9 117 dep higher 1389:1394 arg1 digestibility 1418:1430 fiber digestibility 1412:1430 fiber digestibility 1412:1430 The SM diet obtained higher DM, OM, CP, and fiber digestibility compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 9 117 dep higher 1389:1394 arg1 CP 1404:1405 CP 1404:1405 CP 1404:1405 The SM diet obtained higher DM, OM, CP, and fiber digestibility compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 1 118 theme origins 311:317 arg1 fermentability 253:266 different fermentability 243:266 different fermentability 243:266 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 1 118 theme origins 311:317 arg1 sources 280:286 protein sources 272:286 protein sources 272:286 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 3 119 dep dogs 484:487 arg1 dogs 524:527 18 young adult dogs 509:527 18 young adult dogs 509:527 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 3 119 dep dogs 484:487 arg1 ± 495:495 ± 495:495 ± 495:495 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 3 119 dep dogs 484:487 arg1 yr 540:541 [2.6 ± 0.9 yr 529:541 18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr 477:541 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 0 120 from effect 4:9 arg1 digestibility 58:70 digestibility 58:70 digestibility 58:70 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 0 120 from effect 4:9 arg1 microbiota 79:88 fecal microbiota 73:88 fecal microbiota 73:88 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 0 120 from effect 4:9 arg1 products 104:111 fermentation products 91:111 fermentation products 91:111 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 0 120 from effect 4:9 arg1 IgA 120:122 fecal IgA 114:122 fecal IgA 114:122 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 0 120 from effect 4:9 arg1 parameters 149:158 immunological blood parameters 129:158 immunological blood parameters 129:158 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 5 121 theme diets 1021:1025 arg1 effects 978:984 effects 978:984 effects 978:984 Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure and considering the effects and interactions of block, animal, diets, and age. 28727033 5 121 theme diets 1021:1025 arg1 interactions 990:1001 interactions 990:1001 interactions 990:1001 Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure and considering the effects and interactions of block, animal, diets, and age. 28727033 1 122 theme old 322:324 arg1 dogs 336:339 old and adult dogs 322:339 old and adult dogs 322:339 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 17 123 theme FF 2336:2337 arg1 diets 2346:2350 both the FF and SM diets 2327:2350 diets 2346:2350 However, for old dogs, both the FF and SM diets induced increased IgA compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 4 124 theme beet 770:773 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 124 theme beet 770:773 arg1 pulp 775:778 beet pulp 770:778 beet pulp 770:778 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 0 125 theme fermentation 91:102 arg1 products 104:111 fermentation products 91:111 fermentation products 91:111 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 1 126 theme adult 330:334 arg1 dogs 336:339 old and adult dogs 322:339 old and adult dogs 322:339 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 20 127 theme Old 2660:2662 arg1 dogs 2664:2667 Old dogs 2660:2667 Old dogs 2660:2667 Old dogs had increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations. 28727033 9 128 theme fiber 1412:1416 arg1 digestibility 1418:1430 fiber digestibility 1412:1430 fiber digestibility 1412:1430 The SM diet obtained higher DM, OM, CP, and fiber digestibility compared with the NFF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 2 129 theme × 386:386 arg1 arrangement 407:417 a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement 374:417 a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement 374:417 The experiment was organized in a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement, totaling 6 treatments. 28727033 12 130 theme adult 1810:1814 arg1 dogs 1816:1819 adult dogs 1810:1819 adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05) 1810:1845 An age and diet interaction was observed for lactate and was increased in the feces of old dogs compared with adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 0 131 theme age 14:16 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 0:167 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 5 132 theme MIXED 942:946 arg1 procedure 948:956 the MIXED procedure 938:956 the MIXED procedure 938:956 Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure and considering the effects and interactions of block, animal, diets, and age. 28727033 2 133 theme diets 379:383 arg1 arrangement 407:417 a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement 374:417 a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement 374:417 The experiment was organized in a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement, totaling 6 treatments. 28727033 3 134 theme ± 534:534 arg1 yr 540:541 [2.6 ± 0.9 yr 529:541 18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr 477:541 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 2 135 theme 3 376:376 arg1 arrangement 407:417 a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement 374:417 a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement 374:417 The experiment was organized in a 3 (diets) × 2 (ages) factorial arrangement, totaling 6 treatments. 28727033 0 136 theme carbohydrate 22:33 arg1 sources 47:53 carbohydrate and protein sources 22:53 carbohydrate and protein sources 22:53 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 1 137 theme protein 272:278 arg1 sources 280:286 protein sources 272:286 protein sources 272:286 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 28727033 18 138 theme beet 2427:2430 arg1 pulp 2432:2435 beet pulp 2427:2435 beet pulp 2427:2435 In conclusion, beet pulp may reduce digestibility and induce increased lactate in the feces of old dogs. 28727033 4 139 theme fermentable 809:819 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 139 theme fermentable 809:819 arg1 diet 832:835 fermentable fiber [FF] diet 809:835 fermentable fiber [FF] diet 809:835 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 8 140 theme CP 1273:1274 arg1 diet 1253:1256 diet 1253:1256 diet 1253:1256 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 8 140 theme CP 1273:1274 arg1 age 1245:1247 age 1245:1247 age 1245:1247 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 4 141 theme sugarcane 663:671 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 141 theme sugarcane 663:671 arg1 fiber 673:677 sugarcane fiber 663:677 sugarcane fiber 663:677 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 0 142 theme protein 39:45 arg1 sources 47:53 carbohydrate and protein sources 22:53 carbohydrate and protein sources 22:53 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 4 143 theme [FF 827:829 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 143 theme [FF 827:829 arg1 diet 832:835 fermentable fiber [FF] diet 809:835 fermentable fiber [FF] diet 809:835 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 8 144 theme fat 1280:1282 arg1 digestibility 1284:1296 fat digestibility 1280:1296 fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05) 1280:1365 Old dogs had a reduced coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of DM, which was explained by the age and diet interaction of CP and fat digestibility that was lower for old than for adult dogs fed the FF diet ( < 0.05). 28727033 14 145 theme peripheral 2083:2092 arg1 < 2116:2116 < 0.05 2116:2121 < 0.05 2116:2121 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 14 145 theme peripheral 2083:2092 arg1 lymphocytes 2102:2112 reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes 2075:2112 reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05) 2075:2122 Old dogs had reduced peripheral T and B lymphocytes ( < 0.05). 28727033 4 146 theme protein 861:867 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 146 theme protein 861:867 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 146 theme protein 861:867 arg1 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 146 theme protein 861:867 arg1 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 146 theme protein 861:867 arg1 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 146 theme protein 861:867 arg1 [SM 900:902 soybean meal [SM 887:902 soybean meal [SM 887:902 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 146 theme protein 861:867 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 0 147 from IgA 120:122 arg1 dogs 163:166 dogs 163:166 dogs 163:166 The effect of age and carbohydrate and protein sources on digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentation products, fecal IgA, and immunological blood parameters in dogs. 28727033 4 148 theme insoluble 639:647 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 148 theme insoluble 639:647 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 148 theme insoluble 639:647 arg1 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 148 theme insoluble 639:647 arg1 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 148 theme insoluble 639:647 arg1 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 148 theme insoluble 639:647 arg1 diet 735:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet 708:738 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 148 theme insoluble 639:647 arg1 fiber 673:677 sugarcane fiber 663:677 sugarcane fiber 663:677 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 148 theme insoluble 639:647 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 149 used used 616:619 arg2 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 149 used used 616:619 arg2 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 149 used used 616:619 arg2 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 149 used used 616:619 arg2 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 149 used used 616:619 arg2 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 149 used used 616:619 arg2 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 20 150 theme spermine 2710:2717 arg1 concentrations 2725:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations 2673:2738 Old dogs had increased putrecine, cadaverine, and spermine fecal concentrations. 28727033 4 151 theme fiber 873:877 arg1 source 655:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source 622:660 a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) 622:678 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 151 theme fiber 873:877 arg1 source 762:767 a fermentable fiber source 742:767 a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) 742:779 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 151 theme fiber 873:877 arg1 meal 851:854 soybean meal 843:854 soybean meal 843:854 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 151 theme fiber 873:877 arg1 diets 579:583 Three diets 573:583 Three diets with similar compositions 573:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 151 theme fiber 873:877 arg1 meal 702:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 chicken byproduct meal 684:705 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 151 theme fiber 873:877 arg1 [SM 900:902 soybean meal [SM 887:902 soybean meal [SM 887:902 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 151 theme fiber 873:877 arg1 source 879:884 a protein and fiber source 859:884 source 879:884 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 4 152 with diets 579:583 arg1 compositions 598:609 similar compositions 590:609 similar compositions 590:609 Three diets with similar compositions were used: a nonfermentable insoluble fiber source (sugarcane fiber) and chicken byproduct meal (nonfermentable fiber [NFF] diet), a fermentable fiber source (beet pulp) and chicken byproduct meal (fermentable fiber [FF] diet), and soybean meal as a protein and fiber source (soybean meal [SM] diet). 28727033 3 153 theme Beagle 454:459 arg1 dogs 461:464 Thirty-six Beagle dogs 443:464 Thirty-six Beagle dogs 443:464 Thirty-six Beagle dogs were used (18 old dogs [10.2 ± 1.0 yr] and 18 young adult dogs [2.6 ± 0.9 yr]), with 6 dogs per treatment. 28727033 1 154 theme diets 211:215 arg1 effects 200:206 the effects 196:206 the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs 196:339 The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with fibers of different fermentability and protein sources of animal or vegetable origins on old and adult dogs. 27210831 4 0 theme DP 558:559 arg1 markers 561:567 DP markers 558:567 DP markers 558:567 DP cells lose DP traits during adherent culture, but preserved DP markers with a unified sphere diameter by seeding on chitosan-coated microenvironments. 27210831 7 1 theme alkaline 1069:1076 arg1 phosphatase 1078:1088 functional alkaline phosphatase 1058:1088 functional alkaline phosphatase activity 1058:1097 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, promoted DP markers and functional alkaline phosphatase activity from the DP cells. 27210831 8 2 theme In 1118:1119 arg1 assay 1132:1136 In vivo patch assay 1118:1136 In vivo patch assay 1118:1136 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 1 3 theme adipose 124:130 arg1 tissue 132:137 Intradermal adipose tissue 112:137 Intradermal adipose tissue 112:137 Intradermal adipose tissue plays an essential role for hair follicles (HFs) regeneration by regulating hair cycles. 27210831 5 4 with interactions 766:777 arg1 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 4 with interactions 766:777 arg1 cells 811:815 DP cells 808:815 DP cells (MA-DPS) 808:824 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 7 5 theme DP 1043:1044 arg1 markers 1046:1052 DP markers 1043:1052 DP markers 1043:1052 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, promoted DP markers and functional alkaline phosphatase activity from the DP cells. 27210831 8 6 theme patch 1126:1130 arg1 assay 1132:1136 In vivo patch assay 1118:1136 In vivo patch assay 1118:1136 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 0 7 link Adipose-derived 49:63 arg1 Cells 70:74 Adipose-derived Stem Cells 49:74 Adipose-derived Stem Cells 49:74 Assembling Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres with Adipose-derived Stem Cells to Enhance Hair Follicle Induction. 27210831 8 8 theme cellular 1198:1205 arg1 arrangements 1207:1218 cellular arrangements 1198:1218 cellular arrangements 1198:1218 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 2 9 theme adipose-related 296:310 arg1 cells 312:316 adipose-related cells 296:316 adipose-related cells 296:316 However, the effect of reconstruction of HFs and the involvement of adipose-related cells are poorly understood. 27210831 9 10 theme sphere 1399:1404 arg1 assembling 1372:1381 the assembling 1368:1381 the assembling of a core-shell sphere for DP with ASCs 1368:1421 Therefore, the assembling of a core-shell sphere for DP with ASCs could reconstruct the HF cellular arrangement for hair formation. 27210831 5 11 with sphere 788:793 arg1 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 11 with sphere 788:793 arg1 cells 811:815 DP cells 808:815 DP cells (MA-DPS) 808:824 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 10 12 theme further 1523:1529 arg1 evaluation 1531:1540 further evaluation 1523:1540 further evaluation of the input of other cell types 1523:1573 This paper set the groundwork for further evaluation of the input of other cell types. 27210831 7 13 theme differentiated 1007:1020 arg1 adipocytes 1022:1031 differentiated adipocytes 1007:1031 differentiated adipocytes 1007:1031 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, promoted DP markers and functional alkaline phosphatase activity from the DP cells. 27210831 4 14 from seeding 603:609 arg1 microenvironments 630:646 chitosan-coated microenvironments 614:646 chitosan-coated microenvironments 614:646 DP cells lose DP traits during adherent culture, but preserved DP markers with a unified sphere diameter by seeding on chitosan-coated microenvironments. 27210831 8 15 theme core-shell 1149:1158 arg1 assembling 1160:1169 the core-shell assembling 1145:1169 the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS 1145:1180 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 10 16 theme types 1569:1573 arg1 input 1549:1553 the input 1545:1553 the input of other cell types 1545:1573 This paper set the groundwork for further evaluation of the input of other cell types. 27210831 4 17 theme chitosan-coated 614:628 arg1 microenvironments 630:646 chitosan-coated microenvironments 614:646 chitosan-coated microenvironments 614:646 DP cells lose DP traits during adherent culture, but preserved DP markers with a unified sphere diameter by seeding on chitosan-coated microenvironments. 27210831 10 18 theme other 1558:1562 arg1 types 1569:1573 other cell types 1558:1573 other cell types 1558:1573 This paper set the groundwork for further evaluation of the input of other cell types. 27210831 5 19 theme DP 701:702 arg1 spheres 704:710 DP spheres 701:710 DP spheres 701:710 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 20 theme ASCs 798:801 arg1 shell 865:869 outer ASCs shell 854:869 outer ASCs shell 854:869 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 20 theme ASCs 798:801 arg1 CSA-DPS 893:899 CSA-DPS 893:899 CSA-DPS 893:899 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 20 theme ASCs 798:801 arg1 structure 843:851 a core-shell structure 830:851 a core-shell structure 830:851 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 20 theme ASCs 798:801 arg1 sphere 788:793 a mixed sphere 780:793 a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS) 780:824 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 20 theme ASCs 798:801 arg1 core 887:890 an inner DP core 875:890 an inner DP core (CSA-DPS) 875:900 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 20 theme ASCs 798:801 arg1 interactions 766:777 their interactions 760:777 their interactions 760:777 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 1 21 theme hair 215:218 arg1 cycles 220:225 hair cycles 215:225 hair cycles 215:225 Intradermal adipose tissue plays an essential role for hair follicles (HFs) regeneration by regulating hair cycles. 27210831 10 22 theme input 1549:1553 arg1 evaluation 1531:1540 further evaluation 1523:1540 further evaluation of the input of other cell types 1523:1573 This paper set the groundwork for further evaluation of the input of other cell types. 27210831 3 23 with cells 421:425 arg1 cells 453:457 adipose-derived stem cells 432:457 adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) 432:464 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 3 23 with cells 421:425 arg1 ASCs 460:463 ASCs 460:463 ASCs 460:463 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 8 24 theme PPARα 1266:1270 arg1 signal 1272:1277 PPARα signal 1266:1277 PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone 1266:1354 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 9 25 theme HF 1445:1446 arg1 arrangement 1457:1467 the HF cellular arrangement 1441:1467 the HF cellular arrangement for hair formation 1441:1486 Therefore, the assembling of a core-shell sphere for DP with ASCs could reconstruct the HF cellular arrangement for hair formation. 27210831 8 26 dep In 1118:1119 arg1 vivo 1121:1124 vivo 1121:1124 vivo 1121:1124 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 1 27 theme hair 167:170 arg1 HFs 183:185 HFs 183:185 HFs 183:185 Intradermal adipose tissue plays an essential role for hair follicles (HFs) regeneration by regulating hair cycles. 27210831 1 27 theme hair 167:170 arg1 follicles 172:180 hair follicles 167:180 hair follicles (HFs) 167:186 Intradermal adipose tissue plays an essential role for hair follicles (HFs) regeneration by regulating hair cycles. 27210831 6 28 theme DP 930:931 arg1 characteristics 933:947 superior DP characteristics 921:947 superior DP characteristics 921:947 CSA-DPS exhibited superior DP characteristics compared to MA-DPS. 27210831 3 29 theme assembly 357:364 arg1 strategies 366:375 assembly strategies 357:375 assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) 357:464 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 4 30 theme DP 495:496 arg1 cells 498:502 DP cells 495:502 DP cells 495:502 DP cells lose DP traits during adherent culture, but preserved DP markers with a unified sphere diameter by seeding on chitosan-coated microenvironments. 27210831 0 31 theme Follicle 92:99 arg1 Induction 101:109 Hair Follicle Induction 87:109 Hair Follicle Induction 87:109 Assembling Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres with Adipose-derived Stem Cells to Enhance Hair Follicle Induction. 27210831 8 32 theme hair 1309:1312 arg1 induction 1314:1322 the greater hair induction 1297:1322 the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres 1297:1348 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 5 33 theme assembling 725:734 arg1 approaches 736:745 different assembling approaches 715:745 different assembling approaches 715:745 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 34 theme DP 884:885 arg1 core 887:890 an inner DP core 875:890 an inner DP core (CSA-DPS) 875:900 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 34 theme DP 884:885 arg1 CSA-DPS 893:899 CSA-DPS 893:899 CSA-DPS 893:899 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 4 35 theme adherent 526:533 arg1 culture 535:541 adherent culture 526:541 adherent culture 526:541 DP cells lose DP traits during adherent culture, but preserved DP markers with a unified sphere diameter by seeding on chitosan-coated microenvironments. 27210831 0 36 theme Dermal 21:26 arg1 Spheres 36:42 Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres 11:42 Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres 11:42 Assembling Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres with Adipose-derived Stem Cells to Enhance Hair Follicle Induction. 27210831 1 37 theme Intradermal 112:122 arg1 tissue 132:137 Intradermal adipose tissue 112:137 Intradermal adipose tissue 112:137 Intradermal adipose tissue plays an essential role for hair follicles (HFs) regeneration by regulating hair cycles. 27210831 9 38 theme cellular 1448:1455 arg1 arrangement 1457:1467 the HF cellular arrangement 1441:1467 the HF cellular arrangement for hair formation 1441:1486 Therefore, the assembling of a core-shell sphere for DP with ASCs could reconstruct the HF cellular arrangement for hair formation. 27210831 3 39 theme stem 448:451 arg1 cells 453:457 adipose-derived stem cells 432:457 adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) 432:464 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 3 39 theme stem 448:451 arg1 ASCs 460:463 ASCs 460:463 ASCs 460:463 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 3 40 theme dermal 401:406 arg1 cells 421:425 dermal papilla (DP) cells 401:425 dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) 401:464 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 8 41 dep showed 1138:1143 arg1 reconstruct 1186:1196 reconstruct 1186:1196 showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone 1138:1354 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 0 42 theme Adipose-derived 49:63 arg1 Cells 70:74 Adipose-derived Stem Cells 49:74 Adipose-derived Stem Cells 49:74 Assembling Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres with Adipose-derived Stem Cells to Enhance Hair Follicle Induction. 27210831 0 43 theme Stem 65:68 arg1 Cells 70:74 Adipose-derived Stem Cells 49:74 Adipose-derived Stem Cells 49:74 Assembling Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres with Adipose-derived Stem Cells to Enhance Hair Follicle Induction. 27210831 7 44 from ASCs 993:996 arg1 medium 981:986 Conditional medium 969:986 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, 969:1032 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, promoted DP markers and functional alkaline phosphatase activity from the DP cells. 27210831 7 45 theme functional 1058:1067 arg1 phosphatase 1078:1088 functional alkaline phosphatase 1058:1088 functional alkaline phosphatase activity 1058:1097 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, promoted DP markers and functional alkaline phosphatase activity from the DP cells. 27210831 2 46 theme HFs 269:271 arg1 reconstruction 251:264 reconstruction 251:264 reconstruction of HFs 251:271 However, the effect of reconstruction of HFs and the involvement of adipose-related cells are poorly understood. 27210831 5 47 theme mixed 782:786 arg1 sphere 788:793 a mixed sphere 780:793 a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS) 780:824 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 8 48 theme CSA-DPS 1174:1180 arg1 assembling 1160:1169 the core-shell assembling 1145:1169 the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS 1145:1180 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 5 49 with core 887:890 arg1 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 49 with core 887:890 arg1 cells 811:815 DP cells 808:815 DP cells (MA-DPS) 808:824 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 2 50 theme cells 312:316 arg1 effect 241:246 the effect 237:246 the effect of reconstruction of HFs 237:271 However, the effect of reconstruction of HFs and the involvement of adipose-related cells are poorly understood. 27210831 2 50 theme cells 312:316 arg1 involvement 281:291 the involvement 277:291 the involvement of adipose-related cells 277:316 However, the effect of reconstruction of HFs and the involvement of adipose-related cells are poorly understood. 27210831 9 51 theme core-shell 1388:1397 arg1 sphere 1399:1404 a core-shell sphere 1386:1404 a core-shell sphere for DP with ASCs 1386:1421 Therefore, the assembling of a core-shell sphere for DP with ASCs could reconstruct the HF cellular arrangement for hair formation. 27210831 3 52 link adipose-derived 432:446 arg1 cells 453:457 adipose-derived stem cells 432:457 adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) 432:464 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 3 52 link adipose-derived 432:446 arg1 ASCs 460:463 ASCs 460:463 ASCs 460:463 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 5 53 theme DP 808:809 arg1 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 53 theme DP 808:809 arg1 cells 811:815 DP cells 808:815 DP cells (MA-DPS) 808:824 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 54 theme outer 854:858 arg1 shell 865:869 outer ASCs shell 854:869 outer ASCs shell 854:869 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 9 55 theme hair 1473:1476 arg1 formation 1478:1486 hair formation 1473:1486 hair formation 1473:1486 Therefore, the assembling of a core-shell sphere for DP with ASCs could reconstruct the HF cellular arrangement for hair formation. 27210831 1 56 theme essential 148:156 arg1 role 158:161 an essential role 145:161 an essential role for hair follicles (HFs) 145:186 Intradermal adipose tissue plays an essential role for hair follicles (HFs) regeneration by regulating hair cycles. 27210831 10 57 theme cell 1564:1567 arg1 types 1569:1573 other cell types 1558:1573 other cell types 1558:1573 This paper set the groundwork for further evaluation of the input of other cell types. 27210831 8 58 theme microenvironmental 1224:1241 arg1 niches 1243:1248 microenvironmental niches 1224:1248 microenvironmental niches 1224:1248 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 5 59 theme ASCs 860:863 arg1 shell 865:869 outer ASCs shell 854:869 outer ASCs shell 854:869 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 7 60 theme DP 1108:1109 arg1 cells 1111:1115 the DP cells 1104:1115 the DP cells 1104:1115 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, promoted DP markers and functional alkaline phosphatase activity from the DP cells. 27210831 7 61 theme Conditional 969:979 arg1 medium 981:986 Conditional medium 969:986 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, 969:1032 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, promoted DP markers and functional alkaline phosphatase activity from the DP cells. 27210831 2 62 theme reconstruction 251:264 arg1 effect 241:246 the effect 237:246 the effect of reconstruction of HFs 237:271 However, the effect of reconstruction of HFs and the involvement of adipose-related cells are poorly understood. 27210831 2 62 theme reconstruction 251:264 arg1 involvement 281:291 the involvement 277:291 the involvement of adipose-related cells 277:316 However, the effect of reconstruction of HFs and the involvement of adipose-related cells are poorly understood. 27210831 5 63 theme core-shell 832:841 arg1 structure 843:851 a core-shell structure 830:851 a core-shell structure 830:851 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 0 64 theme Hair 87:90 arg1 Induction 101:109 Hair Follicle Induction 87:109 Hair Follicle Induction 87:109 Assembling Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres with Adipose-derived Stem Cells to Enhance Hair Follicle Induction. 27210831 6 65 theme superior 921:928 arg1 characteristics 933:947 superior DP characteristics 921:947 superior DP characteristics 921:947 CSA-DPS exhibited superior DP characteristics compared to MA-DPS. 27210831 5 66 with structure 843:851 arg1 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 66 with structure 843:851 arg1 cells 811:815 DP cells 808:815 DP cells (MA-DPS) 808:824 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 67 theme different 715:723 arg1 approaches 736:745 different assembling approaches 715:745 different assembling approaches 715:745 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 8 68 theme greater 1301:1307 arg1 induction 1314:1322 the greater hair induction 1297:1322 the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres 1297:1348 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 3 69 theme adipose-derived 432:446 arg1 cells 453:457 adipose-derived stem cells 432:457 adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) 432:464 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 3 69 theme adipose-derived 432:446 arg1 ASCs 460:463 ASCs 460:463 ASCs 460:463 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 0 70 theme Composite 11:19 arg1 Spheres 36:42 Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres 11:42 Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres 11:42 Assembling Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres with Adipose-derived Stem Cells to Enhance Hair Follicle Induction. 27210831 5 71 theme inner 878:882 arg1 core 887:890 an inner DP core 875:890 an inner DP core (CSA-DPS) 875:900 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 71 theme inner 878:882 arg1 CSA-DPS 893:899 CSA-DPS 893:899 CSA-DPS 893:899 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 7 72 from adipocytes 1022:1031 arg1 medium 981:986 Conditional medium 969:986 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, 969:1032 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, promoted DP markers and functional alkaline phosphatase activity from the DP cells. 27210831 5 73 with shell 865:869 arg1 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 MA-DPS 818:823 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 73 with shell 865:869 arg1 cells 811:815 DP cells 808:815 DP cells (MA-DPS) 808:824 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 74 attach isolated 660:667 arg2 ASCs 655:658 ASCs 655:658 ASCs isolated from rats 655:677 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 5 74 attach isolated 660:667 arg1 rats 674:677 rats 674:677 rats 674:677 Next, ASCs isolated from rats were co-cultured with DP spheres by different assembling approaches to determine their interactions; a mixed sphere of ASCs with DP cells (MA-DPS), or a core-shell structure, outer ASCs shell and an inner DP core (CSA-DPS). 27210831 3 75 theme cells 421:425 arg1 interactions 385:396 the interactions 381:396 the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) 381:464 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 0 76 theme Papilla 28:34 arg1 Spheres 36:42 Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres 11:42 Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres 11:42 Assembling Composite Dermal Papilla Spheres with Adipose-derived Stem Cells to Enhance Hair Follicle Induction. 27210831 8 77 from signal 1272:1277 arg1 ASCs 1282:1285 ASCs 1282:1285 ASCs 1282:1285 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 3 78 theme DP 417:418 arg1 cells 421:425 dermal papilla (DP) cells 401:425 dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) 401:464 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 4 79 theme DP 509:510 arg1 traits 512:517 DP traits 509:517 DP traits 509:517 DP cells lose DP traits during adherent culture, but preserved DP markers with a unified sphere diameter by seeding on chitosan-coated microenvironments. 27210831 9 80 with DP 1410:1411 arg1 ASCs 1418:1421 ASCs 1418:1421 ASCs 1418:1421 Therefore, the assembling of a core-shell sphere for DP with ASCs could reconstruct the HF cellular arrangement for hair formation. 27210831 8 81 theme DP 1339:1340 arg1 spheres 1342:1348 DP spheres 1339:1348 DP spheres 1339:1348 In vivo patch assay showed the core-shell assembling of CSA-DPS can reconstruct cellular arrangements and microenvironmental niches as dominated by PPARα signal in ASCs to induce the greater hair induction than MA-DPS or DP spheres alone. 27210831 7 82 theme phosphatase 1078:1088 arg1 activity 1090:1097 functional alkaline phosphatase activity 1058:1097 functional alkaline phosphatase activity 1058:1097 Conditional medium from ASCs, but not differentiated adipocytes, promoted DP markers and functional alkaline phosphatase activity from the DP cells. 27210831 3 83 theme papilla 408:414 arg1 cells 421:425 dermal papilla (DP) cells 401:425 dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) 401:464 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 3 84 theme hair 479:482 arg1 formation 484:492 hair formation 479:492 hair formation 479:492 We investigated assembly strategies for the interactions of dermal papilla (DP) cells with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in promoting hair formation. 27210831 4 85 theme unified 576:582 arg1 diameter 591:598 a unified sphere diameter 574:598 a unified sphere diameter by seeding on chitosan-coated microenvironments 574:646 DP cells lose DP traits during adherent culture, but preserved DP markers with a unified sphere diameter by seeding on chitosan-coated microenvironments. 27210831 4 86 theme sphere 584:589 arg1 diameter 591:598 a unified sphere diameter 574:598 a unified sphere diameter by seeding on chitosan-coated microenvironments 574:646 DP cells lose DP traits during adherent culture, but preserved DP markers with a unified sphere diameter by seeding on chitosan-coated microenvironments. 25384201 4 0 theme structure 835:843 arg1 advantage 811:819 the clear advantage 801:819 the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure 801:868 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 7 1 dep suggest 1550:1556 arg1 significant 1595:1605 significant 1595:1605 significant 1595:1605 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 7 2 dep fixation 1680:1687 arg1 the 1670:1672 the 1670:1672 the 1670:1672 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 3 3 theme surface 645:651 arg1 modification 653:664 surface modification 645:664 surface modification 645:664 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 1 4 theme scaffold 264:271 arg1 functions 217:225 the biological functions 202:225 the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold 202:271 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold has been well documented. 25384201 7 5 theme implants 1724:1731 arg1 fixation 1680:1687 early fixation 1674:1687 early fixation 1674:1687 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 7 5 theme implants 1724:1731 arg1 stability 1703:1711 long-term stability 1693:1711 long-term stability 1693:1711 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 4 6 theme pore 983:986 arg1 structure 988:996 the ideal pore structure 973:996 the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic 973:1022 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 3 7 theme liquid 683:688 arg1 process 716:722 the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 679:722 the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 679:722 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 4 8 dep μm 936:937 arg1 100 932:934 100 932:934 100 932:934 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 5 9 theme atmospheric 1359:1369 arg1 process 1387:1393 the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process 1342:1393 the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process 1342:1393 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 5 10 theme HA-coated 1311:1319 arg1 implants 1321:1328 the dense HA-coated implants 1301:1328 the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process 1301:1393 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 1 11 theme porous 182:187 arg1 structure 189:197 a porous structure 180:197 a porous structure 180:197 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold has been well documented. 25384201 7 12 theme long-term 1693:1701 arg1 stability 1703:1711 long-term stability 1693:1711 long-term stability 1693:1711 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 7 13 theme bone 1578:1581 arg1 ingrowth 1583:1590 bone ingrowth 1578:1590 bone ingrowth 1578:1590 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 4 14 theme pore 883:886 arg1 structure 888:896 the pore structure 879:896 the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic 879:1022 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 3 15 theme plasma 700:705 arg1 process 716:722 the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 679:722 the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 679:722 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 4 16 dep % 907:907 arg1 48 905:906 48 905:906 48 905:906 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 1 17 theme biological 206:215 arg1 functions 217:225 the biological functions 202:225 the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold 202:271 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold has been well documented. 25384201 5 18 theme early 1140:1144 arg1 fixation 1146:1153 early fixation 1140:1153 early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% 1140:1262 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 3 19 theme systematic 570:579 arg1 study 589:593 a systematic in vivo study 568:593 a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 568:722 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 7 20 with coatings 1614:1621 arg1 critical 1657:1664 critical 1657:1664 critical 1657:1664 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 7 20 with coatings 1614:1621 arg1 structure 1637:1645 a porous structure 1628:1645 a porous structure 1628:1645 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 3 21 theme osteoinductivity 763:778 arg1 terms 728:732 terms 728:732 terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity 728:778 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 6 22 theme ectopic 1505:1511 arg1 formation 1518:1526 clear ectopic bone formation 1499:1526 clear ectopic bone formation 1499:1526 Moreover, the porous structure can be readily used to incorporate collagen/rh-BMP2, which demonstrates clear ectopic bone formation. 25384201 2 23 theme HA 483:484 arg1 coatings 486:493 porous HA coatings 476:493 porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications 476:530 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 3 24 theme osteoconductivity 741:757 arg1 terms 728:732 terms 728:732 terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity 728:778 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 1 25 theme beneficial 159:168 arg1 effect 170:175 The beneficial effect 155:175 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold 155:271 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold has been well documented. 25384201 0 26 theme precursor 93:101 arg1 spraying 110:117 liquid precursor plasma spraying 86:117 liquid precursor plasma spraying 86:117 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 1 27 from effect 170:175 arg1 functions 217:225 the biological functions 202:225 the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold 202:271 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold has been well documented. 25384201 7 28 theme porous 1630:1635 arg1 critical 1657:1664 critical 1657:1664 critical 1657:1664 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 7 28 theme porous 1630:1635 arg1 structure 1637:1645 a porous structure 1628:1645 a porous structure 1628:1645 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 2 29 theme commercial 508:517 arg1 applications 519:530 commercial applications 508:530 commercial applications 508:530 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 2 30 dep in 353:354 arg1 vivo 356:359 vivo 356:359 vivo 356:359 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 5 31 theme implantation 1206:1217 arg1 time 1219:1222 early implantation time 1200:1222 early implantation time (one month) 1200:1234 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 5 31 theme implantation 1206:1217 arg1 month 1229:1233 one month 1225:1233 one month 1225:1233 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 4 32 dep structure 888:896 arg1 porosity 909:916 about 48% porosity 899:916 about 48% porosity 899:916 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 4 32 dep structure 888:896 arg1 size 952:955 less than 100 μm average pore size 922:955 less than 100 μm average pore size 922:955 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 0 33 dep in 120:121 arg1 biological 128:137 biological 128:137 biological 128:137 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 0 33 dep in 120:121 arg1 vivo 123:126 vivo 123:126 vivo 123:126 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 2 34 theme suitable 495:502 arg1 coatings 486:493 porous HA coatings 476:493 porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications 476:530 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 5 35 theme spraying 1378:1385 arg1 process 1387:1393 the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process 1342:1393 the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process 1342:1393 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 0 36 theme in 120:121 arg1 study 148:152 in vivo biological response study 120:152 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 0:153 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 5 37 theme porous 1029:1034 arg1 implant 1046:1052 The porous HA-coated implant 1025:1052 The porous HA-coated implant 1025:1052 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 7 38 theme HA 1611:1612 arg1 coatings 1614:1621 HA coatings 1611:1621 HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants 1611:1731 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 2 39 theme hydroxyapatite 376:389 arg1 coatings 396:403 hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings 376:403 hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings 376:403 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 5 40 theme pre-generated 1104:1116 arg1 region 1128:1133 the pre-generated defective region 1100:1133 the pre-generated defective region 1100:1133 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 7 41 theme ingrowth 1583:1590 arg1 augmentation 1562:1573 the augmentation 1558:1573 the augmentation of bone ingrowth 1558:1590 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 4 42 theme average 939:945 arg1 size 952:955 less than 100 μm average pore size 922:955 less than 100 μm average pore size 922:955 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 3 43 theme implants 618:625 arg1 study 589:593 a systematic in vivo study 568:593 a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 568:722 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 2 44 theme coatings 396:403 arg1 performance 361:371 the in vivo performance 349:371 the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings 349:403 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 0 45 theme porous 42:47 arg1 coatings 64:71 porous hydroxyapatite coatings 42:71 porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying 42:117 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 5 46 theme bone 1083:1086 arg1 ingrowth 1088:1095 early bone ingrowth 1077:1095 early bone ingrowth 1077:1095 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 3 47 theme HA-coated 605:613 arg1 implants 618:625 porous HA-coated Ti implants 598:625 porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 598:722 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 0 48 theme coatings 64:71 arg1 osteoinductivity 22:37 osteoinductivity 22:37 osteoinductivity 22:37 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 0 48 theme coatings 64:71 arg1 Osteoconductivity 0:16 Osteoconductivity 0:16 Osteoconductivity 0:16 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 5 49 theme dense 1305:1309 arg1 implants 1321:1328 the dense HA-coated implants 1301:1328 the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process 1301:1393 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 2 50 theme porous 329:334 arg1 structure 336:344 a porous structure 327:344 a porous structure 327:344 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 6 51 theme porous 1410:1415 arg1 structure 1417:1425 the porous structure 1406:1425 the porous structure 1406:1425 Moreover, the porous structure can be readily used to incorporate collagen/rh-BMP2, which demonstrates clear ectopic bone formation. 25384201 1 52 theme calcium 230:236 arg1 ceramic 253:259 calcium phosphate bulk ceramic 230:259 calcium phosphate bulk ceramic 230:259 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold has been well documented. 25384201 1 53 theme bulk 248:251 arg1 ceramic 253:259 calcium phosphate bulk ceramic 230:259 calcium phosphate bulk ceramic 230:259 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold has been well documented. 25384201 0 54 dep Osteoconductivity 0:16 arg1 study 148:152 in vivo biological response study 120:152 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 0:153 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 4 55 theme ideal 977:981 arg1 structure 988:996 the ideal pore structure 973:996 the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic 973:1022 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 4 56 dep size 952:955 arg1 μm 936:937 μm 936:937 μm 936:937 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 2 57 theme in 353:354 arg1 performance 361:371 the in vivo performance 349:371 the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings 349:403 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 4 58 theme porous 828:833 arg1 structure 835:843 the porous structure 824:843 the porous structure 824:843 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 7 59 theme medical 1716:1722 arg1 implants 1724:1731 medical implants 1716:1731 medical implants 1716:1731 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 5 60 theme conventional 1346:1357 arg1 process 1387:1393 the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process 1342:1393 the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process 1342:1393 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 3 61 theme precursor 690:698 arg1 process 716:722 the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 679:722 the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 679:722 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 5 62 theme plasma 1371:1376 arg1 process 1387:1393 the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process 1342:1393 the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process 1342:1393 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 3 63 dep carried 556:562 arg1 out 564:566 out 564:566 out 564:566 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 4 64 theme clear 805:809 arg1 advantage 811:819 the clear advantage 801:819 the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure 801:868 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 6 65 used used 1442:1445 arg2 structure 1417:1425 the porous structure 1406:1425 the porous structure 1406:1425 Moreover, the porous structure can be readily used to incorporate collagen/rh-BMP2, which demonstrates clear ectopic bone formation. 25384201 1 66 theme structure 189:197 arg1 effect 170:175 The beneficial effect 155:175 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold 155:271 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold has been well documented. 25384201 7 67 theme early 1674:1678 arg1 fixation 1680:1687 early fixation 1674:1687 early fixation 1674:1687 Overall, the results suggest the augmentation of bone ingrowth is significant for HA coatings with a porous structure, which is critical for the early fixation and long-term stability of medical implants. 25384201 0 68 theme response 139:146 arg1 study 148:152 in vivo biological response study 120:152 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 0:153 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 3 69 dep in 581:582 arg1 vivo 584:587 vivo 584:587 vivo 584:587 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 3 70 theme spraying 707:714 arg1 process 716:722 the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 679:722 the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 679:722 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 5 71 from interface 1175:1183 arg1 fixation 1146:1153 early fixation 1140:1153 early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% 1140:1262 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 4 72 theme dense 854:858 arg1 structure 860:868 the dense structure 850:868 the dense structure 850:868 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 6 73 theme bone 1513:1516 arg1 formation 1518:1526 clear ectopic bone formation 1499:1526 clear ectopic bone formation 1499:1526 Moreover, the porous structure can be readily used to incorporate collagen/rh-BMP2, which demonstrates clear ectopic bone formation. 25384201 0 74 theme liquid 86:91 arg1 spraying 110:117 liquid precursor plasma spraying 86:117 liquid precursor plasma spraying 86:117 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 3 75 theme in 581:582 arg1 study 589:593 a systematic in vivo study 568:593 a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 568:722 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 6 76 theme clear 1499:1503 arg1 formation 1518:1526 clear ectopic bone formation 1499:1526 clear ectopic bone formation 1499:1526 Moreover, the porous structure can be readily used to incorporate collagen/rh-BMP2, which demonstrates clear ectopic bone formation. 25384201 2 77 theme porous 476:481 arg1 coatings 486:493 porous HA coatings 476:493 porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications 476:530 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 0 78 theme plasma 103:108 arg1 spraying 110:117 liquid precursor plasma spraying 86:117 liquid precursor plasma spraying 86:117 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 5 79 theme early 1200:1204 arg1 time 1219:1222 early implantation time 1200:1222 early implantation time (one month) 1200:1234 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 5 79 theme early 1200:1204 arg1 month 1229:1233 one month 1225:1233 one month 1225:1233 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 5 80 theme early 1077:1081 arg1 ingrowth 1088:1095 early bone ingrowth 1077:1095 early bone ingrowth 1077:1095 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 2 81 from effect 317:322 arg1 performance 361:371 the in vivo performance 349:371 the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings 349:403 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 1 82 theme phosphate 238:246 arg1 ceramic 253:259 calcium phosphate bulk ceramic 230:259 calcium phosphate bulk ceramic 230:259 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold has been well documented. 25384201 5 83 theme HA-coated 1036:1044 arg1 implant 1046:1052 The porous HA-coated implant 1025:1052 The porous HA-coated implant 1025:1052 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 5 84 theme defective 1118:1126 arg1 region 1128:1133 the pre-generated defective region 1100:1133 the pre-generated defective region 1100:1133 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 4 85 dep porosity 909:916 arg1 % 907:907 % 907:907 % 907:907 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 3 86 theme Ti 615:616 arg1 implants 618:625 porous HA-coated Ti implants 598:625 porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 598:722 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 0 87 theme hydroxyapatite 49:62 arg1 coatings 64:71 porous hydroxyapatite coatings 42:71 porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying 42:117 Osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of porous hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: in vivo biological response study. 25384201 3 88 theme porous 598:603 arg1 implants 618:625 porous HA-coated Ti implants 598:625 porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process 598:722 In this study, we have carried out a systematic in vivo study of porous HA-coated Ti implants (with and without surface modification) prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process, in terms of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 25384201 4 89 theme pore 947:950 arg1 size 952:955 less than 100 μm average pore size 922:955 less than 100 μm average pore size 922:955 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 2 90 theme structure 336:344 arg1 effect 317:322 the effect 313:322 the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings 313:403 Nevertheless, the effect of a porous structure on the in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been rarely reported, partly due to the difficulty in synthesizing porous HA coatings suitable for commercial applications. 25384201 5 91 theme bone-implant 1162:1173 arg1 interface 1175:1183 the bone-implant interface 1158:1183 the bone-implant interface 1158:1183 The porous HA-coated implant significantly promotes early bone ingrowth at the pre-generated defective region, and early fixation at the bone-implant interface, especially at early implantation time (one month), showing about 120% and 40% increases respectively over those of the dense HA-coated implants prepared by the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying process. 25384201 4 92 theme bulk 1011:1014 arg1 ceramic 1016:1022 bulk ceramic 1011:1022 bulk ceramic 1011:1022 The results suggest the clear advantage of the porous structure over the dense structure, despite the pore structure (about 48% porosity and less than 100 μm average pore size) being far from the ideal pore structure reported for bulk ceramic. 25384201 1 93 theme ceramic 253:259 arg1 functions 217:225 the biological functions 202:225 the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold 202:271 The beneficial effect of a porous structure on the biological functions of calcium phosphate bulk ceramic or scaffold has been well documented. 24821488 9 0 theme added 933:937 arg1 sugar 939:943 high added sugar 928:943 high added sugar 928:943 Video-game playing was significantly associated with high added sugar and low fibre consumption. 24821488 6 1 theme eating 621:626 arg1 behaviour 628:636 eating behaviour 621:636 eating behaviour 621:636 A questionnaire battery was administered to assess physical activity, eating behaviour, sleep quality and frequency of video-game playing (hours/week). 24821488 2 2 with association 204:214 arg1 behaviour 290:298 eating behaviour 283:298 eating behaviour 283:298 The association of video-game playing with body composition, physical activity and eating behaviour was investigated. 24821488 2 2 with association 204:214 arg1 composition 248:258 body composition 243:258 body composition 243:258 The association of video-game playing with body composition, physical activity and eating behaviour was investigated. 24821488 2 2 with association 204:214 arg1 activity 270:277 physical activity 261:277 physical activity 261:277 The association of video-game playing with body composition, physical activity and eating behaviour was investigated. 24821488 10 3 located observed 1012:1019 arg2 level 981:985 A higher level 972:985 A higher level of dietary restraint 972:1006 A higher level of dietary restraint was observed in non-frequent video-game users. 24821488 10 3 located observed 1012:1019 arg1 users 1048:1052 non-frequent video-game users 1024:1052 non-frequent video-game users 1024:1052 A higher level of dietary restraint was observed in non-frequent video-game users. 24821488 10 4 theme video-game 1037:1046 arg1 users 1048:1052 non-frequent video-game users 1024:1052 non-frequent video-game users 1024:1052 A higher level of dietary restraint was observed in non-frequent video-game users. 24821488 3 5 theme age 353:355 arg1 range 380:384 BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m 376:399 BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2) 376:402 METHODS A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) were recruited. 24821488 3 5 theme age 353:355 arg1 range 357:361 age range 18-27 years 353:373 age range 18-27 years 353:373 METHODS A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) were recruited. 24821488 10 6 theme restraint 998:1006 arg1 level 981:985 A higher level 972:985 A higher level of dietary restraint 972:1006 A higher level of dietary restraint was observed in non-frequent video-game users. 24821488 11 7 theme important 1136:1144 arg1 behaviour 1156:1164 an important lifestyle behaviour 1133:1164 an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults 1133:1254 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 11 7 theme important 1136:1144 arg1 video-game 1111:1120 frequent video-game playing 1102:1128 frequent video-game playing 1102:1128 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 11 8 theme obesity 1222:1228 arg1 risk 1230:1233 obesity risk 1222:1233 obesity risk 1222:1233 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 0 9 theme high-sugar 84:93 arg1 consumption 114:124 high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption 84:124 high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption 84:124 Frequent video-game playing in young males is associated with central adiposity and high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption. 24821488 4 10 theme blood 458:462 arg1 pressure 464:471 blood pressure 458:471 blood pressure 458:471 Measurements of body composition and blood pressure were performed. 24821488 3 11 theme males 346:350 arg1 total 328:332 A total 326:332 A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) 326:403 METHODS A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) were recruited. 24821488 7 12 dep non-frequent 759:770 arg1 ≤7 h/week 773:781 ≤7 h/week 773:781 ≤7 h/week 773:781 Subjects were categorised into frequent (>7 h/week) and non-frequent (≤7 h/week) players. 24821488 8 13 theme greater 833:839 arg1 circumference 847:859 greater waist circumference 833:859 greater waist circumference 833:859 RESULTS Frequent video-game players had greater waist circumference and fat mass. 24821488 2 14 theme eating 283:288 arg1 behaviour 290:298 eating behaviour 283:298 eating behaviour 283:298 The association of video-game playing with body composition, physical activity and eating behaviour was investigated. 24821488 8 15 theme fat 865:867 arg1 mass 869:872 fat mass 865:872 fat mass 865:872 RESULTS Frequent video-game players had greater waist circumference and fat mass. 24821488 9 16 theme high 928:931 arg1 sugar 939:943 high added sugar 928:943 high added sugar 928:943 Video-game playing was significantly associated with high added sugar and low fibre consumption. 24821488 9 17 theme fibre 953:957 arg1 consumption 959:969 low fibre consumption 949:969 low fibre consumption 949:969 Video-game playing was significantly associated with high added sugar and low fibre consumption. 24821488 0 18 dep high-sugar 84:93 arg1 low-fibre 96:104 low-fibre 96:104 low-fibre 96:104 Frequent video-game playing in young males is associated with central adiposity and high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption. 24821488 11 19 theme preliminary 1073:1083 arg1 results 1085:1091 These preliminary results 1067:1091 These preliminary results 1067:1091 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 3 20 dep METHODS 318:324 arg1 recruited 410:418 recruited 410:418 were recruited 405:418 METHODS A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) were recruited. 24821488 3 21 theme BMI 376:378 arg1 range 380:384 BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m 376:399 BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2) 376:402 METHODS A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) were recruited. 24821488 3 21 theme BMI 376:378 arg1 2 401:401 2 401:401 2 401:401 METHODS A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) were recruited. 24821488 3 21 theme BMI 376:378 arg1 range 357:361 age range 18-27 years 353:373 age range 18-27 years 353:373 METHODS A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) were recruited. 24821488 4 22 theme pressure 464:471 arg1 Measurements 421:432 Measurements 421:432 Measurements of body composition and blood pressure 421:471 Measurements of body composition and blood pressure were performed. 24821488 0 23 theme dietary 106:112 arg1 consumption 114:124 high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption 84:124 high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption 84:124 Frequent video-game playing in young males is associated with central adiposity and high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption. 24821488 5 24 theme EPIC-FFQ 493:500 arg1 questionnaire 502:514 The EPIC-FFQ questionnaire 489:514 The EPIC-FFQ questionnaire 489:514 The EPIC-FFQ questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. 24821488 1 25 theme obesity 186:192 arg1 risk 194:197 an increased obesity risk 173:197 an increased obesity risk 173:197 PURPOSE Video-game playing is associated with an increased obesity risk. 24821488 0 26 theme Frequent 0:7 arg1 video-game 9:18 Frequent video-game 0:18 Frequent video-game playing in young males 0:41 Frequent video-game playing in young males is associated with central adiposity and high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption. 24821488 11 27 theme lifestyle 1146:1154 arg1 behaviour 1156:1164 an important lifestyle behaviour 1133:1164 an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults 1133:1254 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 11 27 theme lifestyle 1146:1154 arg1 video-game 1111:1120 frequent video-game playing 1102:1128 frequent video-game playing 1102:1128 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 11 28 dep CONCLUSIONS 1055:1065 arg1 identify 1093:1100 identify 1093:1100 identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults 1093:1254 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 6 29 theme video-game 670:679 arg1 activity 611:618 physical activity 602:618 physical activity 602:618 A questionnaire battery was administered to assess physical activity, eating behaviour, sleep quality and frequency of video-game playing (hours/week). 24821488 6 29 theme video-game 670:679 arg1 behaviour 628:636 eating behaviour 621:636 eating behaviour 621:636 A questionnaire battery was administered to assess physical activity, eating behaviour, sleep quality and frequency of video-game playing (hours/week). 24821488 6 29 theme video-game 670:679 arg1 quality 645:651 sleep quality 639:651 sleep quality 639:651 A questionnaire battery was administered to assess physical activity, eating behaviour, sleep quality and frequency of video-game playing (hours/week). 24821488 6 29 theme video-game 670:679 arg1 frequency 657:665 frequency 657:665 frequency 657:665 A questionnaire battery was administered to assess physical activity, eating behaviour, sleep quality and frequency of video-game playing (hours/week). 24821488 8 30 theme Frequent 801:808 arg1 players 821:827 Frequent video-game players 801:827 Frequent video-game players 801:827 RESULTS Frequent video-game players had greater waist circumference and fat mass. 24821488 7 31 dep frequent 734:741 arg1 >7 h/week 744:752 >7 h/week 744:752 >7 h/week 744:752 Subjects were categorised into frequent (>7 h/week) and non-frequent (≤7 h/week) players. 24821488 11 32 theme young 1238:1242 arg1 adults 1249:1254 young male adults 1238:1254 young male adults 1238:1254 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 11 33 theme male 1244:1247 arg1 adults 1249:1254 young male adults 1238:1254 young male adults 1238:1254 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 10 34 theme non-frequent 1024:1035 arg1 users 1048:1052 non-frequent video-game users 1024:1052 non-frequent video-game users 1024:1052 A higher level of dietary restraint was observed in non-frequent video-game users. 24821488 2 35 theme body 243:246 arg1 composition 248:258 body composition 243:258 body composition 243:258 The association of video-game playing with body composition, physical activity and eating behaviour was investigated. 24821488 0 36 theme young 31:35 arg1 males 37:41 young males 31:41 young males 31:41 Frequent video-game playing in young males is associated with central adiposity and high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption. 24821488 4 37 theme composition 442:452 arg1 Measurements 421:432 Measurements 421:432 Measurements of body composition and blood pressure 421:471 Measurements of body composition and blood pressure were performed. 24821488 10 38 theme higher 974:979 arg1 level 981:985 A higher level 972:985 A higher level of dietary restraint 972:1006 A higher level of dietary restraint was observed in non-frequent video-game users. 24821488 11 39 theme playing 1122:1128 arg1 behaviour 1156:1164 an important lifestyle behaviour 1133:1164 an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults 1133:1254 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 11 39 theme playing 1122:1128 arg1 video-game 1111:1120 frequent video-game playing 1102:1128 frequent video-game playing 1102:1128 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 6 40 theme questionnaire 553:565 arg1 battery 567:573 A questionnaire battery 551:573 A questionnaire battery 551:573 A questionnaire battery was administered to assess physical activity, eating behaviour, sleep quality and frequency of video-game playing (hours/week). 24821488 3 41 dep males 346:350 arg1 range 380:384 BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m 376:399 BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2) 376:402 METHODS A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) were recruited. 24821488 3 41 dep males 346:350 arg1 range 357:361 age range 18-27 years 353:373 age range 18-27 years 353:373 METHODS A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) were recruited. 24821488 4 42 theme body 437:440 arg1 composition 442:452 body composition 437:452 body composition 437:452 Measurements of body composition and blood pressure were performed. 24821488 2 43 theme playing 230:236 arg1 video-game 219:228 video-game playing 219:236 video-game playing 219:236 The association of video-game playing with body composition, physical activity and eating behaviour was investigated. 24821488 5 44 theme dietary 535:541 arg1 intake 543:548 dietary intake 535:548 dietary intake 535:548 The EPIC-FFQ questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. 24821488 2 45 theme video-game 219:228 arg1 association 204:214 The association 200:214 The association of video-game playing with body composition, physical activity and eating behaviour 200:298 The association of video-game playing with body composition, physical activity and eating behaviour was investigated. 24821488 8 46 theme video-game 810:819 arg1 players 821:827 Frequent video-game players 801:827 Frequent video-game players 801:827 RESULTS Frequent video-game players had greater waist circumference and fat mass. 24821488 7 47 theme non-frequent 759:770 arg1 players 784:790 frequent (>7 h/week) and non-frequent (≤7 h/week) players 734:790 frequent (>7 h/week) and non-frequent (≤7 h/week) players 734:790 Subjects were categorised into frequent (>7 h/week) and non-frequent (≤7 h/week) players. 24821488 8 48 contain had 829:831 arg1 players 821:827 Frequent video-game players 801:827 Frequent video-game players 801:827 RESULTS Frequent video-game players had greater waist circumference and fat mass. 24821488 8 48 contain had 829:831 arg2 circumference 847:859 greater waist circumference 833:859 greater waist circumference 833:859 RESULTS Frequent video-game players had greater waist circumference and fat mass. 24821488 8 48 contain had 829:831 arg2 mass 869:872 fat mass 865:872 fat mass 865:872 RESULTS Frequent video-game players had greater waist circumference and fat mass. 24821488 11 49 theme important 1181:1189 arg1 implications 1191:1202 important implications 1181:1202 important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults 1181:1254 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 1 50 theme PURPOSE 127:133 arg1 Video-game 135:144 PURPOSE Video-game playing 127:152 PURPOSE Video-game playing 127:152 PURPOSE Video-game playing is associated with an increased obesity risk. 24821488 5 51 used used 520:523 arg2 questionnaire 502:514 The EPIC-FFQ questionnaire 489:514 The EPIC-FFQ questionnaire 489:514 The EPIC-FFQ questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. 24821488 11 52 theme frequent 1102:1109 arg1 behaviour 1156:1164 an important lifestyle behaviour 1133:1164 an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults 1133:1254 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 11 52 theme frequent 1102:1109 arg1 video-game 1111:1120 frequent video-game playing 1102:1128 frequent video-game playing 1102:1128 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 2 53 theme physical 261:268 arg1 activity 270:277 physical activity 261:277 physical activity 261:277 The association of video-game playing with body composition, physical activity and eating behaviour was investigated. 24821488 6 54 theme sleep 639:643 arg1 quality 645:651 sleep quality 639:651 sleep quality 639:651 A questionnaire battery was administered to assess physical activity, eating behaviour, sleep quality and frequency of video-game playing (hours/week). 24821488 0 55 theme central 62:68 arg1 adiposity 70:78 central adiposity 62:78 central adiposity 62:78 Frequent video-game playing in young males is associated with central adiposity and high-sugar, low-fibre dietary consumption. 24821488 10 56 theme dietary 990:996 arg1 restraint 998:1006 dietary restraint 990:1006 dietary restraint 990:1006 A higher level of dietary restraint was observed in non-frequent video-game users. 24821488 1 57 theme playing 146:152 arg1 Video-game 135:144 PURPOSE Video-game playing 127:152 PURPOSE Video-game playing 127:152 PURPOSE Video-game playing is associated with an increased obesity risk. 24821488 1 58 theme increased 176:184 arg1 risk 194:197 an increased obesity risk 173:197 an increased obesity risk 173:197 PURPOSE Video-game playing is associated with an increased obesity risk. 24821488 7 59 theme frequent 734:741 arg1 players 784:790 frequent (>7 h/week) and non-frequent (≤7 h/week) players 734:790 frequent (>7 h/week) and non-frequent (≤7 h/week) players 734:790 Subjects were categorised into frequent (>7 h/week) and non-frequent (≤7 h/week) players. 24821488 3 60 theme young 340:344 arg1 males 346:350 45 young males 337:350 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) 337:403 METHODS A total of 45 young males (age range 18-27 years, BMI range 18.5-35.1 kg/m(2)) were recruited. 24821488 8 61 dep RESULTS 793:799 arg1 had 829:831 had 829:831 had greater waist circumference and fat mass 829:872 RESULTS Frequent video-game players had greater waist circumference and fat mass. 24821488 11 62 contain have 1176:1179 arg1 behaviour 1156:1164 an important lifestyle behaviour 1133:1164 an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults 1133:1254 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 11 62 contain have 1176:1179 arg2 implications 1191:1202 important implications 1181:1202 important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults 1181:1254 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 11 62 contain have 1176:1179 arg1 video-game 1111:1120 frequent video-game playing 1102:1128 frequent video-game playing 1102:1128 CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results identify frequent video-game playing as an important lifestyle behaviour which may have important implications for understanding obesity risk in young male adults. 24821488 6 63 theme physical 602:609 arg1 activity 611:618 physical activity 602:618 physical activity 602:618 A questionnaire battery was administered to assess physical activity, eating behaviour, sleep quality and frequency of video-game playing (hours/week). 24821488 8 64 theme waist 841:845 arg1 circumference 847:859 greater waist circumference 833:859 greater waist circumference 833:859 RESULTS Frequent video-game players had greater waist circumference and fat mass. 24821488 9 65 theme low 949:951 arg1 consumption 959:969 low fibre consumption 949:969 low fibre consumption 949:969 Video-game playing was significantly associated with high added sugar and low fibre consumption. 29046501 0 0 theme ion 97:99 arg1 mutagenesis 106:116 ion beam mutagenesis 97:116 ion beam mutagenesis 97:116 Characterization of amylolytic enzyme overproducing mutant of Aspergillus luchuensis obtained by ion beam mutagenesis. 29046501 2 1 theme irradiation 322:332 arg1 effect 303:308 the effect 299:308 the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 299:357 In this study, we investigated the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 and obtained a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1. 29046501 7 2 from changes 1336:1342 arg1 genes 1360:1364 at least 604 genes 1347:1364 at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes 1347:1463 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 6 3 theme high 1066:1069 arg1 attributable 1107:1118 attributable 1107:1118 attributable 1107:1118 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 6 3 theme high 1066:1069 arg1 activity 1082:1089 the high amylolytic activity 1062:1089 the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 1062:1102 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 3 4 theme rice 614:617 arg1 koji 619:622 rice koji 614:622 rice koji 614:622 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 4 5 theme wall 783:786 arg1 composition 788:798 cell wall composition 778:798 cell wall composition 778:798 In addition, strain U1 showed higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall and higher sensitivity to calcofluor white, suggesting a deficiency in cell wall composition. 29046501 2 6 from effect 303:308 arg1 RIB2601 351:357 A. luchuensis RIB2601 337:357 A. luchuensis RIB2601 337:357 In this study, we investigated the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 and obtained a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1. 29046501 1 7 theme koji 160:163 arg1 luchuensis 131:140 Aspergillus luchuensis 119:140 Aspergillus luchuensis 119:140 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 7 theme koji 160:163 arg1 fungus 165:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus 145:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 145:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 7 theme koji 160:163 arg1 degrader 203:210 a starch degrader 194:210 a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 194:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 8 theme shochu-making 233:245 arg1 industries 247:256 the awamori- and shochu-making industries 216:256 the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 216:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 2 9 theme beam 317:320 arg1 irradiation 322:332 ion beam irradiation 313:332 ion beam irradiation 313:332 In this study, we investigated the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 and obtained a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1. 29046501 5 10 theme real-time 937:945 arg1 RT-PCR 947:952 real-time RT-PCR 937:952 real-time RT-PCR 937:952 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 5 11 theme produced 816:823 arg1 protein 825:831 produced protein 816:831 produced protein 816:831 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 4 12 theme N-acetylglucosamine 662:680 arg1 content 682:688 higher N-acetylglucosamine content 655:688 higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall 655:705 In addition, strain U1 showed higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall and higher sensitivity to calcofluor white, suggesting a deficiency in cell wall composition. 29046501 0 13 theme beam 101:104 arg1 mutagenesis 106:116 ion beam mutagenesis 97:116 ion beam mutagenesis 97:116 Characterization of amylolytic enzyme overproducing mutant of Aspergillus luchuensis obtained by ion beam mutagenesis. 29046501 4 14 from sensitivity 718:728 arg1 wall 702:705 the cell wall 693:705 the cell wall 693:705 In addition, strain U1 showed higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall and higher sensitivity to calcofluor white, suggesting a deficiency in cell wall composition. 29046501 5 15 theme acid-labile 861:871 arg1 AmyA 884:887 AmyA 884:887 AmyA 884:887 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 5 15 theme acid-labile 861:871 arg1 α-amylase 873:881 acid-labile α-amylase 861:881 acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) 861:888 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 3 16 theme α-glucosidase 506:518 arg1 activities 520:529 α-glucosidase activities 506:529 α-glucosidase activities 506:529 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 4 17 theme strain 638:643 arg1 U1 645:646 strain U1 638:646 strain U1 638:646 In addition, strain U1 showed higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall and higher sensitivity to calcofluor white, suggesting a deficiency in cell wall composition. 29046501 6 18 theme genes 1252:1256 arg1 regulation 1220:1229 transcriptional regulation 1204:1229 transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes 1204:1256 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 5 19 theme amyA 1014:1017 arg1 gene 1027:1030 the amyA or glaA gene 1010:1030 gene 1027:1030 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 3 20 theme growth 439:444 arg1 rate 446:449 reduced growth rate 431:449 reduced growth rate 431:449 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 7 21 theme transcriptional 1320:1334 arg1 changes 1336:1342 transcriptional changes 1320:1342 transcriptional changes 1320:1342 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 7 22 theme deficient 1495:1503 arg1 composition 1515:1525 the deficient cell wall composition 1491:1525 the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1 1491:1538 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 6 23 theme corresponding 1238:1250 arg1 genes 1252:1256 the corresponding genes 1234:1256 the corresponding genes 1234:1256 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 4 24 from deficiency 764:773 arg1 composition 788:798 cell wall composition 778:798 cell wall composition 778:798 In addition, strain U1 showed higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall and higher sensitivity to calcofluor white, suggesting a deficiency in cell wall composition. 29046501 4 25 from content 682:688 arg1 wall 702:705 the cell wall 693:705 the cell wall 693:705 In addition, strain U1 showed higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall and higher sensitivity to calcofluor white, suggesting a deficiency in cell wall composition. 29046501 4 26 theme cell 697:700 arg1 wall 702:705 the cell wall 693:705 the cell wall 693:705 In addition, strain U1 showed higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall and higher sensitivity to calcofluor white, suggesting a deficiency in cell wall composition. 29046501 3 27 theme Strain 414:419 arg1 U1 421:422 Strain U1 414:422 Strain U1 414:422 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 5 28 theme glaA 1022:1025 arg1 gene 1027:1030 the amyA or glaA gene 1010:1030 gene 1027:1030 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 4 29 theme cell 778:781 arg1 composition 788:798 cell wall composition 778:798 cell wall composition 778:798 In addition, strain U1 showed higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall and higher sensitivity to calcofluor white, suggesting a deficiency in cell wall composition. 29046501 4 30 theme higher 655:660 arg1 content 682:688 higher N-acetylglucosamine content 655:688 higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall 655:705 In addition, strain U1 showed higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall and higher sensitivity to calcofluor white, suggesting a deficiency in cell wall composition. 29046501 7 31 theme related 1366:1372 arg1 genes 1360:1364 at least 604 genes 1347:1364 at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes 1347:1463 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 6 32 theme GlaA 1139:1142 arg1 level 1155:1159 GlaA production level 1139:1159 GlaA production level 1139:1159 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 3 33 theme mycelial 536:543 arg1 basis 550:554 a mycelial mass basis 534:554 a mycelial mass basis 534:554 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 2 34 theme luchuensis 340:349 arg1 RIB2601 351:357 A. luchuensis RIB2601 337:357 A. luchuensis RIB2601 337:357 In this study, we investigated the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 and obtained a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1. 29046501 0 35 theme enzyme 31:36 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of amylolytic enzyme overproducing mutant of Aspergillus luchuensis 0:83 Characterization of amylolytic enzyme overproducing mutant of Aspergillus luchuensis obtained by ion beam mutagenesis. 29046501 5 36 theme strain 917:922 arg1 U1 924:925 strain U1 917:925 strain U1 917:925 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 1 37 from industries 247:256 arg1 Japan 261:265 Japan 261:265 Japan 261:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 5 38 theme higher 840:845 arg1 expression 847:856 higher expression 840:856 higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1 840:925 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 5 39 theme glucoamylase 894:905 arg1 expression 847:856 higher expression 840:856 higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1 840:925 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 5 40 from expression 847:856 arg1 U1 924:925 strain U1 917:925 strain U1 917:925 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 2 41 theme mutant 396:401 arg1 U1 410:411 a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1 372:411 a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1 372:411 In this study, we investigated the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 and obtained a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1. 29046501 2 42 theme strain 403:408 arg1 U1 410:411 a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1 372:411 a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1 372:411 In this study, we investigated the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 and obtained a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1. 29046501 6 43 theme strain 1094:1099 arg1 U1 1101:1102 strain U1 1094:1102 strain U1 1094:1102 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 1 44 theme Aspergillus 119:129 arg1 luchuensis 131:140 Aspergillus luchuensis 119:140 Aspergillus luchuensis 119:140 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 44 theme Aspergillus 119:129 arg1 fungus 165:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus 145:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 145:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 7 45 theme cell 1505:1508 arg1 composition 1515:1525 the deficient cell wall composition 1491:1525 the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1 1491:1538 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 2 46 theme starch-degrading 379:394 arg1 U1 410:411 a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1 372:411 a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1 372:411 In this study, we investigated the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 and obtained a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1. 29046501 6 47 theme high 1125:1128 arg1 AmyA 1130:1133 a high AmyA 1123:1133 a high AmyA 1123:1133 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 6 48 theme U1 1101:1102 arg1 attributable 1107:1118 attributable 1107:1118 attributable 1107:1118 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 6 48 theme U1 1101:1102 arg1 activity 1082:1089 the high amylolytic activity 1062:1089 the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 1062:1102 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 2 49 theme high 374:377 arg1 U1 410:411 a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1 372:411 a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1 372:411 In this study, we investigated the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 and obtained a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1. 29046501 6 50 theme elevated 1170:1177 arg1 due 1197:1199 due 1197:1199 due 1197:1199 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 6 50 theme elevated 1170:1177 arg1 production 1179:1188 the elevated production 1166:1188 the elevated production 1166:1188 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 6 51 theme transcriptional 1204:1218 arg1 regulation 1220:1229 transcriptional regulation 1204:1229 transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes 1204:1256 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 7 52 theme metabolic 1445:1453 arg1 processes 1455:1463 glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes 1413:1463 glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes 1413:1463 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 7 53 theme RNA-seq 1272:1278 arg1 analysis 1280:1287 RNA-seq analysis 1272:1287 RNA-seq analysis 1272:1287 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 1 54 theme starch 196:201 arg1 degrader 203:210 a starch degrader 194:210 a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 194:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 54 theme starch 196:201 arg1 fungus 165:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus 145:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 145:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 7 55 theme wall 1510:1513 arg1 composition 1515:1525 the deficient cell wall composition 1491:1525 the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1 1491:1538 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 7 56 theme strain 1530:1535 arg1 U1 1537:1538 strain U1 1530:1538 strain U1 1530:1538 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 5 57 from change 979:984 arg1 transcription 993:1005 the transcription 989:1005 the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene 989:1030 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 3 58 theme mass 545:548 arg1 basis 550:554 a mycelial mass basis 534:554 a mycelial mass basis 534:554 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 2 59 theme ion 313:315 arg1 irradiation 322:332 ion beam irradiation 313:332 ion beam irradiation 313:332 In this study, we investigated the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 and obtained a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1. 29046501 7 60 theme glucosamine-containing 1413:1434 arg1 processes 1455:1463 glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes 1413:1463 glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes 1413:1463 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 1 61 used used 186:189 arg2 fungus 165:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus 145:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 145:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 61 used used 186:189 arg2 luchuensis 131:140 Aspergillus luchuensis 119:140 Aspergillus luchuensis 119:140 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 61 used used 186:189 arg2 degrader 203:210 a starch degrader 194:210 a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 194:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 3 62 theme higher 470:475 arg1 α-amylase 477:485 higher α-amylase 470:485 higher α-amylase 470:485 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 3 63 theme type 570:573 arg1 strain 580:585 the wild type (wt) strain 561:585 the wild type (wt) strain 561:585 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 5 64 theme α-amylase 873:881 arg1 expression 847:856 higher expression 840:856 higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1 840:925 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 7 65 theme compound 1436:1443 arg1 processes 1455:1463 glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes 1413:1463 glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes 1413:1463 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 4 66 theme higher 711:716 arg1 sensitivity 718:728 higher sensitivity 711:728 higher sensitivity to calcofluor white 711:748 In addition, strain U1 showed higher N-acetylglucosamine content in the cell wall and higher sensitivity to calcofluor white, suggesting a deficiency in cell wall composition. 29046501 6 67 theme production 1144:1153 arg1 level 1155:1159 GlaA production level 1139:1159 GlaA production level 1139:1159 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 7 68 theme strain 1304:1309 arg1 U1 1311:1312 strain U1 1304:1312 strain U1 1304:1312 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 6 69 theme amylolytic 1071:1080 arg1 attributable 1107:1118 attributable 1107:1118 attributable 1107:1118 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 6 69 theme amylolytic 1071:1080 arg1 activity 1082:1089 the high amylolytic activity 1062:1089 the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 1062:1102 These results suggested that the high amylolytic activity of strain U1 is attributable to a high AmyA and GlaA production level, but the elevated production is not due to transcriptional regulation of the corresponding genes. 29046501 3 70 theme agar 595:598 arg1 plates 600:605 agar plates 595:605 agar plates 595:605 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 3 71 dep showed 424:429 arg1 whereas 452:458 whereas 452:458 whereas 452:458 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 7 72 theme U1 1537:1538 arg1 composition 1515:1525 the deficient cell wall composition 1491:1525 the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1 1491:1538 Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that strain U1 shows transcriptional changes in at least 604 genes related to oxidation-reduction, transport, and glucosamine-containing compound metabolic processes, which may be involved in the deficient cell wall composition of strain U1. 29046501 1 73 theme kuro 147:150 arg1 luchuensis 131:140 Aspergillus luchuensis 119:140 Aspergillus luchuensis 119:140 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 73 theme kuro 147:150 arg1 fungus 165:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus 145:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 145:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 73 theme kuro 147:150 arg1 degrader 203:210 a starch degrader 194:210 a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 194:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 5 74 theme significant 967:977 arg1 change 979:984 no significant change 964:984 no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene 964:1030 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 3 75 theme wild 565:568 arg1 type 570:573 the wild type 561:573 the wild type (wt) strain 561:585 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 3 75 theme wild 565:568 arg1 wt 576:577 wt 576:577 wt 576:577 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 3 76 theme reduced 431:437 arg1 rate 446:449 reduced growth rate 431:449 reduced growth rate 431:449 Strain U1 showed reduced growth rate, whereas it showed higher α-amylase, glucoamylase, and α-glucosidase activities on a mycelial mass basis than the wild type (wt) strain both on agar plates and in rice koji. 29046501 2 77 theme A. 337:338 arg1 RIB2601 351:357 A. luchuensis RIB2601 337:357 A. luchuensis RIB2601 337:357 In this study, we investigated the effect of ion beam irradiation on A. luchuensis RIB2601 and obtained a high starch-degrading mutant strain U1. 29046501 0 78 theme luchuensis 74:83 arg1 mutant 52:57 mutant 52:57 mutant of Aspergillus luchuensis 52:83 Characterization of amylolytic enzyme overproducing mutant of Aspergillus luchuensis obtained by ion beam mutagenesis. 29046501 5 79 theme gene 1027:1030 arg1 transcription 993:1005 the transcription 989:1005 the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene 989:1030 Interestingly, produced protein showed higher expression of acid-labile α-amylase (AmyA) and glucoamylase (GlaA) in strain U1, although real-time RT-PCR indicated no significant change in the transcription of the amyA or glaA gene. 29046501 0 80 theme amylolytic 20:29 arg1 enzyme 31:36 amylolytic enzyme 20:36 amylolytic enzyme overproducing mutant of Aspergillus luchuensis 20:83 Characterization of amylolytic enzyme overproducing mutant of Aspergillus luchuensis obtained by ion beam mutagenesis. 29046501 1 81 theme black 153:157 arg1 luchuensis 131:140 Aspergillus luchuensis 119:140 Aspergillus luchuensis 119:140 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 81 theme black 153:157 arg1 fungus 165:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus 145:170 a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 145:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 81 theme black 153:157 arg1 degrader 203:210 a starch degrader 194:210 a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 194:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 29046501 1 82 theme awamori- 220:227 arg1 industries 247:256 the awamori- and shochu-making industries 216:256 the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan 216:265 Aspergillus luchuensis is a kuro (black) koji fungus that has been used as a starch degrader for the awamori- and shochu-making industries in Japan. 25841348 4 0 theme amorphous 707:715 arg1 hydrogels 727:735 the amorphous polymeric hydrogels 703:735 the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition 703:752 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 1 1 theme adhesion 167:174 arg1 impediment 84:93 The main impediment 75:93 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives 75:147 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 1 1 theme adhesion 167:174 arg1 strength 176:183 their poor wet adhesion strength 152:183 their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution 152:234 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 6 2 theme recyclable 967:976 arg1 materials 995:1003 recyclable and abundant raw materials 967:1003 recyclable and abundant raw materials 967:1003 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels were produced at low cost from recyclable and abundant raw materials. 25841348 7 3 theme adhesive 1028:1035 arg1 example 1050:1056 an example 1047:1056 an example of how natural materials can be engineered for biomedical applications 1047:1127 This tunicate-mimetic adhesive system is an example of how natural materials can be engineered for biomedical applications. 25841348 7 3 theme adhesive 1028:1035 arg1 system 1037:1042 This tunicate-mimetic adhesive system 1006:1042 This tunicate-mimetic adhesive system 1006:1042 This tunicate-mimetic adhesive system is an example of how natural materials can be engineered for biomedical applications. 25841348 2 4 theme pyrogallol 354:363 arg1 group 365:369 pyrogallol group 354:369 pyrogallol group 354:369 To solve this problem, we mimicked the wound healing process found in tunicates, which use a nanofiber structure and pyrogallol group to heal any damage on its tunic under sea water. 25841348 5 5 theme tunicate-mimetic 759:774 arg1 adhesives 776:784 The tunicate-mimetic adhesives 755:784 The tunicate-mimetic adhesives 755:784 The tunicate-mimetic adhesives showed higher adhesion strength between fully hydrated skin tissues than did fibrin glue and mussel-mimetic adhesives. 25841348 6 6 theme low 953:955 arg1 cost 957:960 low cost 953:960 low cost from recyclable and abundant raw materials 953:1003 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels were produced at low cost from recyclable and abundant raw materials. 25841348 5 7 dep did 859:861 arg1 than 854:857 than 854:857 than 854:857 The tunicate-mimetic adhesives showed higher adhesion strength between fully hydrated skin tissues than did fibrin glue and mussel-mimetic adhesives. 25841348 3 8 theme acid 506:509 arg1 composite 531:539 a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 480:539 a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 480:539 We fabricated a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite. 25841348 4 9 theme nanofibrous 594:604 arg1 structures 606:615 the nanofibrous structures 590:615 the nanofibrous structures 590:615 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 3 10 theme chitin 482:487 arg1 composite 531:539 a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 480:539 a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 480:539 We fabricated a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite. 25841348 5 11 theme mussel-mimetic 879:892 arg1 adhesives 894:902 mussel-mimetic adhesives 879:902 mussel-mimetic adhesives 879:902 The tunicate-mimetic adhesives showed higher adhesion strength between fully hydrated skin tissues than did fibrin glue and mussel-mimetic adhesives. 25841348 1 12 theme main 79:82 arg1 impediment 84:93 The main impediment 75:93 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives 75:147 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 1 12 theme main 79:82 arg1 strength 176:183 their poor wet adhesion strength 152:183 their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution 152:234 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 1 13 theme due 185:187 arg1 impediment 84:93 The main impediment 75:93 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives 75:147 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 1 13 theme due 185:187 arg1 strength 176:183 their poor wet adhesion strength 152:183 their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution 152:234 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 2 14 theme healing 282:288 arg1 process 290:296 the wound healing process 272:296 the wound healing process found in tunicates, which use a nanofiber structure and pyrogallol group to heal any damage on its tunic under sea water 272:417 To solve this problem, we mimicked the wound healing process found in tunicates, which use a nanofiber structure and pyrogallol group to heal any damage on its tunic under sea water. 25841348 0 15 theme nanofibrous 17:27 arg1 hydrogel 29:36 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel 0:36 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel 0:36 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel adhesive with improved wet adhesion. 25841348 4 16 theme group-mediated 557:570 arg1 cross-linking 572:584 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking 542:584 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking 542:584 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 1 17 theme hydration-induced 192:208 arg1 softening 210:218 hydration-induced softening 192:218 hydration-induced softening 192:218 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 0 18 theme Tunicate-mimetic 0:15 arg1 hydrogel 29:36 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel 0:36 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel 0:36 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel adhesive with improved wet adhesion. 25841348 4 19 theme pyrogallol 546:555 arg1 cross-linking 572:584 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking 542:584 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking 542:584 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 1 20 theme medical 98:104 arg1 application 106:116 medical application 98:116 medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives 98:147 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 5 21 theme fibrin 863:868 arg1 glue 870:873 fibrin glue 863:873 fibrin glue 863:873 The tunicate-mimetic adhesives showed higher adhesion strength between fully hydrated skin tissues than did fibrin glue and mussel-mimetic adhesives. 25841348 7 22 theme tunicate-mimetic 1011:1026 arg1 example 1050:1056 an example 1047:1056 an example of how natural materials can be engineered for biomedical applications 1047:1127 This tunicate-mimetic adhesive system is an example of how natural materials can be engineered for biomedical applications. 25841348 7 22 theme tunicate-mimetic 1011:1026 arg1 system 1037:1042 This tunicate-mimetic adhesive system 1006:1042 This tunicate-mimetic adhesive system 1006:1042 This tunicate-mimetic adhesive system is an example of how natural materials can be engineered for biomedical applications. 25841348 3 23 theme adhesive 462:469 arg1 based 471:475 a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based 434:475 a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 434:539 We fabricated a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite. 25841348 4 24 theme polymeric 717:725 arg1 hydrogels 727:735 the amorphous polymeric hydrogels 703:735 the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition 703:752 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 2 25 theme sea 409:411 arg1 water 413:417 sea water 409:417 sea water 409:417 To solve this problem, we mimicked the wound healing process found in tunicates, which use a nanofiber structure and pyrogallol group to heal any damage on its tunic under sea water. 25841348 0 26 theme improved 52:59 arg1 adhesion 65:72 improved wet adhesion 52:72 improved wet adhesion 52:72 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel adhesive with improved wet adhesion. 25841348 3 27 theme nanofiber/gallic 489:504 arg1 acid 525:528 a pyrogallol acid 512:528 a pyrogallol acid 512:528 We fabricated a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite. 25841348 3 27 theme nanofiber/gallic 489:504 arg1 acid 506:509 nanofiber/gallic acid 489:509 a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 480:539 We fabricated a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite. 25841348 6 28 theme mimetic 918:924 arg1 hydrogels 926:934 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels 905:934 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels 905:934 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels were produced at low cost from recyclable and abundant raw materials. 25841348 3 29 theme tunicate-mimetic 436:451 arg1 based 471:475 a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based 434:475 a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 434:539 We fabricated a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite. 25841348 4 30 theme hydrogel 682:689 arg1 strength 666:673 cohesion strength 657:673 cohesion strength 657:673 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 4 30 theme hydrogel 682:689 arg1 resistance 642:651 dissolution resistance 630:651 dissolution resistance 630:651 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 2 31 located found 298:302 arg2 process 290:296 the wound healing process 272:296 the wound healing process found in tunicates, which use a nanofiber structure and pyrogallol group to heal any damage on its tunic under sea water 272:417 To solve this problem, we mimicked the wound healing process found in tunicates, which use a nanofiber structure and pyrogallol group to heal any damage on its tunic under sea water. 25841348 2 31 located found 298:302 arg1 tunicates 307:315 tunicates 307:315 tunicates 307:315 To solve this problem, we mimicked the wound healing process found in tunicates, which use a nanofiber structure and pyrogallol group to heal any damage on its tunic under sea water. 25841348 5 32 theme hydrated 832:839 arg1 tissues 846:852 fully hydrated skin tissues 826:852 fully hydrated skin tissues 826:852 The tunicate-mimetic adhesives showed higher adhesion strength between fully hydrated skin tissues than did fibrin glue and mussel-mimetic adhesives. 25841348 6 33 theme tunicate 909:916 arg1 hydrogels 926:934 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels 905:934 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels 905:934 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels were produced at low cost from recyclable and abundant raw materials. 25841348 0 34 with adhesive 38:45 arg1 adhesion 65:72 improved wet adhesion 52:72 improved wet adhesion 52:72 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel adhesive with improved wet adhesion. 25841348 3 35 theme hydrogel 453:460 arg1 based 471:475 a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based 434:475 a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 434:539 We fabricated a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite. 25841348 5 36 theme skin 841:844 arg1 tissues 846:852 fully hydrated skin tissues 826:852 fully hydrated skin tissues 826:852 The tunicate-mimetic adhesives showed higher adhesion strength between fully hydrated skin tissues than did fibrin glue and mussel-mimetic adhesives. 25841348 1 37 theme biomaterial-based 121:137 arg1 adhesives 139:147 biomaterial-based adhesives 121:147 biomaterial-based adhesives 121:147 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 0 38 theme wet 61:63 arg1 adhesion 65:72 improved wet adhesion 52:72 improved wet adhesion 52:72 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel adhesive with improved wet adhesion. 25841348 6 39 theme raw 991:993 arg1 materials 995:1003 recyclable and abundant raw materials 967:1003 recyclable and abundant raw materials 967:1003 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels were produced at low cost from recyclable and abundant raw materials. 25841348 7 40 theme biomedical 1105:1114 arg1 applications 1116:1127 biomedical applications 1105:1127 biomedical applications 1105:1127 This tunicate-mimetic adhesive system is an example of how natural materials can be engineered for biomedical applications. 25841348 4 41 dep resistance 642:651 arg1 the 626:628 the 626:628 the 626:628 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 1 42 theme adhesives 139:147 arg1 application 106:116 medical application 98:116 medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives 98:147 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 6 43 theme abundant 982:989 arg1 materials 995:1003 recyclable and abundant raw materials 967:1003 recyclable and abundant raw materials 967:1003 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels were produced at low cost from recyclable and abundant raw materials. 25841348 4 44 theme wet 740:742 arg1 condition 744:752 wet condition 740:752 wet condition 740:752 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 2 45 theme wound 276:280 arg1 healing 282:288 wound healing 276:288 the wound healing process found in tunicates, which use a nanofiber structure and pyrogallol group to heal any damage on its tunic under sea water 272:417 To solve this problem, we mimicked the wound healing process found in tunicates, which use a nanofiber structure and pyrogallol group to heal any damage on its tunic under sea water. 25841348 0 46 dep adhesive 38:45 arg1 hydrogel 29:36 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel 0:36 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel 0:36 Tunicate-mimetic nanofibrous hydrogel adhesive with improved wet adhesion. 25841348 3 47 from based 471:475 arg1 composite 531:539 a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 480:539 a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 480:539 We fabricated a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite. 25841348 2 48 theme nanofiber 330:338 arg1 structure 340:348 a nanofiber structure 328:348 a nanofiber structure 328:348 To solve this problem, we mimicked the wound healing process found in tunicates, which use a nanofiber structure and pyrogallol group to heal any damage on its tunic under sea water. 25841348 6 49 from materials 995:1003 arg1 cost 957:960 low cost 953:960 low cost from recyclable and abundant raw materials 953:1003 The tunicate mimetic hydrogels were produced at low cost from recyclable and abundant raw materials. 25841348 3 50 theme pyrogallol 514:523 arg1 acid 525:528 a pyrogallol acid 512:528 a pyrogallol acid 512:528 We fabricated a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite. 25841348 3 50 theme pyrogallol 514:523 arg1 acid 506:509 nanofiber/gallic acid 489:509 a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite 480:539 We fabricated a tunicate-mimetic hydrogel adhesive based on a chitin nanofiber/gallic acid (a pyrogallol acid) composite. 25841348 5 51 theme higher 793:798 arg1 strength 809:816 higher adhesion strength 793:816 higher adhesion strength between fully hydrated skin tissues 793:852 The tunicate-mimetic adhesives showed higher adhesion strength between fully hydrated skin tissues than did fibrin glue and mussel-mimetic adhesives. 25841348 7 52 theme natural 1065:1071 arg1 materials 1073:1081 natural materials 1065:1081 natural materials 1065:1081 This tunicate-mimetic adhesive system is an example of how natural materials can be engineered for biomedical applications. 25841348 4 53 theme cohesion 657:664 arg1 strength 666:673 cohesion strength 657:673 cohesion strength 657:673 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 1 54 theme poor 158:161 arg1 impediment 84:93 The main impediment 75:93 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives 75:147 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 1 54 theme poor 158:161 arg1 strength 176:183 their poor wet adhesion strength 152:183 their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution 152:234 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 5 55 theme adhesion 800:807 arg1 strength 809:816 higher adhesion strength 793:816 higher adhesion strength between fully hydrated skin tissues 793:852 The tunicate-mimetic adhesives showed higher adhesion strength between fully hydrated skin tissues than did fibrin glue and mussel-mimetic adhesives. 25841348 1 56 theme wet 163:165 arg1 impediment 84:93 The main impediment 75:93 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives 75:147 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 1 56 theme wet 163:165 arg1 strength 176:183 their poor wet adhesion strength 152:183 their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution 152:234 The main impediment to medical application of biomaterial-based adhesives is their poor wet adhesion strength due to hydration-induced softening and dissolution. 25841348 4 57 from hydrogels 727:735 arg1 condition 744:752 wet condition 740:752 wet condition 740:752 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 25841348 4 58 theme dissolution 630:640 arg1 resistance 642:651 dissolution resistance 630:651 dissolution resistance 630:651 The pyrogallol group-mediated cross-linking and the nanofibrous structures improved the dissolution resistance and cohesion strength of the hydrogel compared to the amorphous polymeric hydrogels in wet condition. 27236565 14 0 dep nov 1746:1748 arg1 30941 1777:1781 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941 1752:1781 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1752:1810 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 14 1 theme avesanii 1830:1837 arg1 sp 1839:1840 Bifidobacterium avesanii sp 1814:1840 Bifidobacterium avesanii sp 1814:1840 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 14 1 theme avesanii 1830:1837 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 5 2 theme catalase-negative 387:403 arg1 bacteria 492:499 Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria 372:499 Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria 372:499 All isolates were Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria. 27236565 16 3 theme TRE 1918:1920 arg1 nov 1912:1914 nov 1912:1914 nov 1912:1914 nov. (TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944) are proposed. 27236565 16 3 theme TRE 1918:1920 arg1 30944 1939:1943 TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944 1918:1943 TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944 1918:1943 nov. (TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944) are proposed. 27236565 5 4 theme rod-shaped 481:490 arg1 bacteria 492:499 Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria 372:499 Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria 372:499 All isolates were Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria. 27236565 8 5 theme mean 970:973 arg1 % 983:983 mean value 95% 970:983 mean value 95% 970:983 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 8 5 theme mean 970:973 arg1 other 963:967 other 963:967 other 963:967 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 8 6 theme genus 1008:1012 arg1 Bifidobacterium 1014:1028 the genus Bifidobacterium 1004:1028 the genus Bifidobacterium 1004:1028 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 16 7 theme 100688=JCM 1928:1937 arg1 nov 1912:1914 nov 1912:1914 nov 1912:1914 nov. (TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944) are proposed. 27236565 16 7 theme 100688=JCM 1928:1937 arg1 30944 1939:1943 TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944 1918:1943 TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944 1918:1943 nov. (TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944) are proposed. 27236565 14 8 theme 26=DSM 1788:1793 arg1 30942 1806:1810 TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1784:1810 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1752:1810 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 9 9 with similarities 1101:1112 arg1 DSM 1145:1147 Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734 1119:1153 Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%) 1119:1175 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 9 9 with similarities 1101:1112 arg1 T 1155:1155 T 1155:1155 T 1155:1155 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 5 10 theme positive 454:461 arg1 bacteria 492:499 Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria 372:499 Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria 372:499 All isolates were Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria. 27236565 3 11 from faeces 135:140 arg1 taxa 121:124 Three novel taxa 109:124 nov.: Three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 103:185 nov.: Three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 10 12 theme phylogenetic 1304:1315 arg1 position 1317:1324 their independent phylogenetic position 1286:1324 their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium 1286:1380 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 9 13 dep value 1164:1168 arg1 % 1174:1174 96.6% 1170:1174 mean value 96.6% 1159:1174 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 14 14 theme 100689=JCM 1766:1775 arg1 30941 1777:1781 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941 1752:1781 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1752:1810 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 14 15 theme Bifidobacterium 1814:1828 arg1 sp 1839:1840 Bifidobacterium avesanii sp 1814:1840 Bifidobacterium avesanii sp 1814:1840 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 14 15 theme Bifidobacterium 1814:1828 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 3 16 theme novel 115:119 arg1 taxa 121:124 Three novel taxa 109:124 nov.: Three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 103:185 nov.: Three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 4 17 theme bifidobacteria 230:243 arg1 medium 255:260 bifidobacteria selective medium 230:260 bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.) 230:351 Forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 4 18 dep oedipus 341:347 arg1 L 349:349 L 349:349 Saguinus oedipus L. 332:350 Forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 7 19 theme TRE 801:803 arg1 Cluster 788:794 Cluster III 788:798 Cluster III (TRE M(T)) 788:809 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 19 theme TRE 801:803 arg1 T 807:807 T 807:807 T 807:807 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 19 theme TRE 801:803 arg1 M 805:805 TRE M 801:805 TRE M(T) 801:808 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 20 dep clusters 690:697 arg1 C 777:777 TRE C 773:777 TRE C(T) 773:780 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 20 dep clusters 690:697 arg1 clusters 690:697 three clusters 684:697 three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)) 684:809 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 20 dep clusters 690:697 arg1 Cluster 788:794 Cluster III 788:798 Cluster III (TRE M(T)) 788:809 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 20 dep clusters 690:697 arg1 Cluster 761:767 Cluster II 761:770 Cluster II (TRE C(T)) 761:781 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 20 dep clusters 690:697 arg1 Cluster 700:706 Cluster I 700:708 Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I) 700:758 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 20 dep clusters 690:697 arg1 M 805:805 TRE M 801:805 TRE M(T) 801:808 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 14 21 theme T 1759:1759 arg1 30941 1777:1781 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941 1752:1781 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1752:1810 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 3 22 dep oedipus 174:180 arg1 L 182:182 L 182:182 Saguinus oedipus L. 165:183 nov.: Three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 2 23 dep sp 99:100 arg1 nov. 66:69 nov. 66:69 nov. 66:69 nov. and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 2 23 dep sp 99:100 arg1 ramosum 91:97 Bifidobacterium ramosum 75:97 Bifidobacterium ramosum 75:97 nov. and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 10 24 theme sequence 1189:1196 arg1 analysis 1198:1205 Multilocus sequence analysis 1178:1205 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) 1178:1274 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 10 24 theme sequence 1189:1196 arg1 MLSA 1208:1211 MLSA 1208:1211 MLSA 1208:1211 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 9 25 theme 16S 1078:1080 arg1 similarities 1101:1112 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1078:1112 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%) 1078:1175 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 8 26 theme 16S 836:838 arg1 sequences 850:858 16S rRNA gene sequences 836:858 16S rRNA gene sequences 836:858 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 8 27 from analysis 899:906 arg1 results 874:880 the results 870:880 the results from the cluster analysis 870:906 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 3 28 theme cotton-top 145:154 arg1 tamarin 156:162 cotton-top tamarin 145:162 cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.) 145:184 nov.: Three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 9 29 theme gene 1087:1090 arg1 similarities 1101:1112 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1078:1112 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%) 1078:1175 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 8 30 theme gene 845:848 arg1 sequences 850:858 16S rRNA gene sequences 836:858 16S rRNA gene sequences 836:858 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 0 31 theme Bifidobacterium 0:14 arg1 sp 27:28 Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp 0:28 Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp. 0:29 Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp. 27236565 9 32 theme similarities 1101:1112 arg1 level 1069:1073 the highest level 1057:1073 the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%) 1057:1175 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 14 33 dep 30941 1777:1781 arg1 30942 1806:1810 TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1784:1810 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1752:1810 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 13 34 dep sp 1742:1743 arg1 names 1709:1713 the names 1705:1713 the names 1705:1713 Based on the data provided, each cluster represented a novel taxon for which the names Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp. 27236565 9 35 theme Bifidobacterium 1119:1133 arg1 DSM 1145:1147 Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734 1119:1153 Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%) 1119:1175 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 9 35 theme Bifidobacterium 1119:1133 arg1 T 1155:1155 T 1155:1155 T 1155:1155 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 13 36 dep Bifidobacterium 1715:1729 arg1 aerophilum 1731:1740 aerophilum 1731:1740 aerophilum 1731:1740 Based on the data provided, each cluster represented a novel taxon for which the names Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp. 27236565 10 37 theme genes 1235:1239 arg1 analysis 1198:1205 Multilocus sequence analysis 1178:1205 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) 1178:1274 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 10 37 theme genes 1235:1239 arg1 MLSA 1208:1211 MLSA 1208:1211 MLSA 1208:1211 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 15 38 theme TRE 1849:1851 arg1 T 1855:1855 T 1855:1855 T 1855:1855 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 15 38 theme TRE 1849:1851 arg1 C 1853:1853 TRE C 1849:1853 TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943 1849:1877 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 15 39 dep sp 1908:1909 arg1 ramosum 1900:1906 Bifidobacterium ramosum 1884:1906 Bifidobacterium ramosum 1884:1906 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 15 39 dep sp 1908:1909 arg1 30943 1873:1877 TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943 1849:1877 TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943 1849:1877 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 15 39 dep sp 1908:1909 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 4 40 theme tamarin 323:329 arg1 subject 297:303 an adult subject 288:303 an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.) 288:351 Forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 13 41 theme novel 1683:1687 arg1 taxon 1689:1693 a novel taxon 1681:1693 a novel taxon for which the names Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp 1681:1743 Based on the data provided, each cluster represented a novel taxon for which the names Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp. 27236565 4 42 theme subject 297:303 arg1 sample 278:283 one faecal sample 267:283 one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.) 267:351 Forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 7 43 theme TRE 773:775 arg1 Cluster 761:767 Cluster II 761:770 Cluster II (TRE C(T)) 761:781 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 43 theme TRE 773:775 arg1 T 779:779 T 779:779 T 779:779 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 43 theme TRE 773:775 arg1 C 777:777 TRE C 773:777 TRE C(T) 773:780 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 15 44 theme Bifidobacterium 1884:1898 arg1 ramosum 1900:1906 Bifidobacterium ramosum 1884:1906 Bifidobacterium ramosum 1884:1906 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 8 45 theme low 932:934 arg1 similarities 942:953 relatively low level similarities 921:953 relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium 921:1028 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 1 46 theme avesanii 53:60 arg1 sp 62:63 Bifidobacterium avesanii sp 37:63 Bifidobacterium avesanii sp 37:63 nov., Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 1 46 theme avesanii 53:60 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 13 47 theme Bifidobacterium 1715:1729 arg1 sp 1742:1743 Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp 1715:1743 Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp 1715:1743 Based on the data provided, each cluster represented a novel taxon for which the names Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp. 27236565 10 48 theme independent 1292:1302 arg1 position 1317:1324 their independent phylogenetic position 1286:1324 their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium 1286:1380 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 15 49 theme 100685=JCM 1862:1871 arg1 30943 1873:1877 TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943 1849:1877 TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943 1849:1877 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 15 49 theme 100685=JCM 1862:1871 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 4 50 theme cotton-top 312:321 arg1 tamarin 323:329 the cotton-top tamarin 308:329 the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.) 308:351 Forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 14 51 theme 100690=JCM 1795:1804 arg1 30942 1806:1810 TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1784:1810 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1752:1810 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 11 52 theme G+C 1387:1389 arg1 contents 1391:1398 The G+C contents 1383:1398 The G+C contents 1383:1398 The G+C contents were 63.2%, 65.9% and 63.0% for Cluster I, Cluster II and Cluster III, respectively. 27236565 11 52 theme G+C 1387:1389 arg1 % 1409:1409 63.2% 1405:1409 63.2% 1405:1409 The G+C contents were 63.2%, 65.9% and 63.0% for Cluster I, Cluster II and Cluster III, respectively. 27236565 16 53 theme M=DSM 1922:1926 arg1 nov 1912:1914 nov 1912:1914 nov 1912:1914 nov. (TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944) are proposed. 27236565 16 53 theme M=DSM 1922:1926 arg1 30944 1939:1943 TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944 1918:1943 TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944 1918:1943 nov. (TRE M=DSM 100688=JCM 30944) are proposed. 27236565 8 54 theme value 975:979 arg1 % 983:983 mean value 95% 970:983 mean value 95% 970:983 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 8 54 theme value 975:979 arg1 other 963:967 other 963:967 other 963:967 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 8 55 theme Comparative 812:822 arg1 analysis 824:831 Comparative analysis 812:831 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 812:858 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 8 56 theme Bifidobacterium 1014:1028 arg1 members 993:999 members 993:999 members of the genus Bifidobacterium 993:1028 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 14 57 theme TRE 1784:1786 arg1 30942 1806:1810 TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1784:1810 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1752:1810 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 10 58 theme related 1347:1353 arg1 species 1355:1361 related species 1347:1361 related species of Bifidobacterium 1347:1380 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 14 59 theme =DSM 1761:1764 arg1 30941 1777:1781 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941 1752:1781 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1752:1810 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 2 60 theme Bifidobacterium 75:89 arg1 ramosum 91:97 Bifidobacterium ramosum 75:97 Bifidobacterium ramosum 75:97 nov. and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 3 61 dep tamarin 156:162 arg1 oedipus 174:180 Saguinus oedipus 165:180 Saguinus oedipus L. 165:183 nov.: Three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 9 62 theme highest 1061:1067 arg1 level 1069:1073 the highest level 1057:1073 the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%) 1057:1175 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 3 63 theme tamarin 156:162 arg1 faeces 135:140 the faeces 131:140 the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.) 131:184 nov.: Three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 14 64 theme TRE 1752:1754 arg1 30941 1777:1781 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941 1752:1781 TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942 1752:1810 nov. (TRE 17(T)=DSM 100689=JCM 30941; TRE 26=DSM 100690=JCM 30942), Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 10 65 dep genes 1235:1239 arg1 hsp60 1242:1246 hsp60 1242:1246 hsp60 1242:1246 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 8 66 theme rRNA 840:843 arg1 sequences 850:858 16S rRNA gene sequences 836:858 16S rRNA gene sequences 836:858 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 10 67 theme Multilocus 1178:1187 arg1 analysis 1198:1205 Multilocus sequence analysis 1178:1205 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) 1178:1274 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 10 67 theme Multilocus 1178:1187 arg1 MLSA 1208:1211 MLSA 1208:1211 MLSA 1208:1211 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 3 68 dep nov. 103:106 arg1 taxa 121:124 Three novel taxa 109:124 nov.: Three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 103:185 nov.: Three novel taxa from the faeces of cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 10 69 dep hsp60 1242:1246 arg1 rpoB 1249:1252 rpoB 1249:1252 rpoB 1249:1252 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 10 69 dep hsp60 1242:1246 arg1 dnaG 1270:1273 dnaG 1270:1273 dnaG 1270:1273 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 10 69 dep hsp60 1242:1246 arg1 dnaJ 1261:1264 dnaJ 1261:1264 dnaJ 1261:1264 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 10 69 dep hsp60 1242:1246 arg1 clpC 1255:1258 clpC 1255:1258 clpC 1255:1258 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 9 70 theme rRNA 1082:1085 arg1 similarities 1101:1112 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1078:1112 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%) 1078:1175 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 8 71 theme sequences 850:858 arg1 analysis 824:831 Comparative analysis 812:831 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 812:858 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 4 72 theme faecal 271:276 arg1 sample 278:283 one faecal sample 267:283 one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.) 267:351 Forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 9 73 dep DSM 1145:1147 arg1 value 1164:1168 mean value 1159:1168 mean value 96.6% 1159:1174 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 10 74 theme Bifidobacterium 1366:1380 arg1 species 1355:1361 related species 1347:1361 related species of Bifidobacterium 1347:1380 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 0 75 theme aerophilum 16:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp 0:28 Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp. 0:29 Bifidobacterium aerophilum sp. 27236565 9 76 theme sequence 1092:1099 arg1 similarities 1101:1112 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1078:1112 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%) 1078:1175 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 4 77 from sample 278:283 arg1 medium 255:260 bifidobacteria selective medium 230:260 bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.) 230:351 Forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 15 78 theme =DSM 1857:1860 arg1 30943 1873:1877 TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943 1849:1877 TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943 1849:1877 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 15 78 theme =DSM 1857:1860 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 4 79 theme selective 245:253 arg1 medium 255:260 bifidobacteria selective medium 230:260 bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.) 230:351 Forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 4 80 dep tamarin 323:329 arg1 oedipus 341:347 Saguinus oedipus 332:347 Saguinus oedipus L. 332:350 Forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 9 81 theme scardovii 1135:1143 arg1 DSM 1145:1147 Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734 1119:1153 Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%) 1119:1175 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 9 81 theme scardovii 1135:1143 arg1 T 1155:1155 T 1155:1155 T 1155:1155 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 8 82 theme cluster 891:897 arg1 analysis 899:906 the cluster analysis 887:906 the cluster analysis 887:906 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 10 83 theme housekeeping 1222:1233 arg1 genes 1235:1239 five housekeeping genes 1217:1239 five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) 1217:1274 Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ and dnaG) supported their independent phylogenetic position to each other and to related species of Bifidobacterium. 27236565 9 84 theme mean 1159:1162 arg1 value 1164:1168 mean value 1159:1168 mean value 96.6% 1159:1174 All eight isolates showed the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734(T) (mean value 96.6%). 27236565 15 85 theme C 1853:1853 arg1 30943 1873:1877 TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943 1849:1877 TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943 1849:1877 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 15 85 theme C 1853:1853 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (TRE C(T)=DSM 100685=JCM 30943) and Bifidobacterium ramosum sp. 27236565 12 86 theme Peptidoglycan 1485:1497 arg1 types 1499:1503 Peptidoglycan types 1485:1503 Peptidoglycan types 1485:1503 Peptidoglycan types were A3α l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala, A4β l-Orn (Lys)-d-Ser-d-Glu and A3β l-Orn-l-Ser-l-Ala in Clusters I, II and III, respectively. 27236565 5 87 theme anaerobic 406:414 arg1 bacteria 492:499 Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria 372:499 Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria 372:499 All isolates were Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria. 27236565 7 88 dep Cluster 700:706 arg1 TRE 722:724 TRE 7 722:726 TRE 7 722:726 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 88 dep Cluster 700:706 arg1 TRE 737:739 TRE 32 737:742 TRE 32 737:742 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 88 dep Cluster 700:706 arg1 TRE 711:713 TRE 17 711:716 TRE 17(T) 711:719 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 88 dep Cluster 700:706 arg1 TRE 745:747 TRE 33 745:750 TRE 33 745:750 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 88 dep Cluster 700:706 arg1 T 718:718 T 718:718 T 718:718 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 88 dep Cluster 700:706 arg1 TRE 729:731 TRE 26 729:734 TRE 26 729:734 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 7 88 dep Cluster 700:706 arg1 TRE 753:755 TRE I 753:757 TRE I 753:757 They were grouped by BOX-PCR into three clusters: Cluster I (TRE 17(T), TRE 7, TRE 26, TRE 32, TRE 33, TRE I), Cluster II (TRE C(T)), and Cluster III (TRE M(T)). 27236565 8 89 theme level 936:940 arg1 similarities 942:953 relatively low level similarities 921:953 relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium 921:1028 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the results from the cluster analysis and revealed relatively low level similarities to each other (mean value 95%) and to members of the genus Bifidobacterium. 27236565 1 90 theme Bifidobacterium 37:51 arg1 sp 62:63 Bifidobacterium avesanii sp 37:63 Bifidobacterium avesanii sp 37:63 nov., Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 1 90 theme Bifidobacterium 37:51 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., Bifidobacterium avesanii sp. 27236565 4 91 theme adult 291:295 arg1 subject 297:303 an adult subject 288:303 an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.) 288:351 Forty-five microorganisms were isolated on bifidobacteria selective medium from one faecal sample of an adult subject of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus L.). 27236565 5 92 theme Gram-positive 372:384 arg1 bacteria 492:499 Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria 372:499 Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria 372:499 All isolates were Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive, and asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria. 25062670 0 0 theme vascularized 119:130 arg1 tissue 137:142 vascularized bone tissue 119:142 vascularized bone tissue 119:142 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 4 1 theme characterized 717:729 arg1 scaffolds 731:739 characterized scaffolds 717:739 characterized scaffolds 717:739 Human osteoblasts were cultured and seeded on characterized scaffolds. 25062670 5 2 theme gene-activated 805:818 arg1 scaffolds 841:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 6 3 theme characteristic 1075:1088 arg1 phenotype 1090:1098 its characteristic phenotype 1071:1098 its characteristic phenotype 1071:1098 Findings confirmed that human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold secreted vascular endothelial growth factor, besides maintaining its characteristic phenotype with specific extracellular matrix production. 25062670 1 4 theme nutrients 275:283 arg1 delivery 263:270 delivery 263:270 delivery of nutrients and oxygen 263:294 Bone tissue is dependent on an efficient blood supply to ensure delivery of nutrients and oxygen. 25062670 5 5 dep attachment 746:755 arg1 The 742:744 The 742:744 The 742:744 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 6 6 theme C/HA 992:995 arg1 scaffold 997:1004 gene-activated C/HA scaffold 977:1004 gene-activated C/HA scaffold 977:1004 Findings confirmed that human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold secreted vascular endothelial growth factor, besides maintaining its characteristic phenotype with specific extracellular matrix production. 25062670 7 7 theme suitable 1263:1270 arg1 environment 1272:1282 a suitable environment 1261:1282 a suitable environment for neovessel formation 1261:1306 In vivo experiments indicated that scaffolds were tissue biocompatible, and that gene-activated scaffold provided a suitable environment for neovessel formation by recruiting host endothelial cells into the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue. 25062670 1 8 theme Bone 199:202 arg1 tissue 204:209 Bone tissue 199:209 Bone tissue 199:209 Bone tissue is dependent on an efficient blood supply to ensure delivery of nutrients and oxygen. 25062670 5 9 from proliferation 758:770 arg1 scaffolds 841:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 6 10 theme gene-activated 977:990 arg1 scaffold 997:1004 gene-activated C/HA scaffold 977:1004 gene-activated C/HA scaffold 977:1004 Findings confirmed that human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold secreted vascular endothelial growth factor, besides maintaining its characteristic phenotype with specific extracellular matrix production. 25062670 7 11 theme forming 1360:1366 arg1 tissue 1386:1391 the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue 1350:1391 the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue 1350:1391 In vivo experiments indicated that scaffolds were tissue biocompatible, and that gene-activated scaffold provided a suitable environment for neovessel formation by recruiting host endothelial cells into the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue. 25062670 1 12 theme oxygen 289:294 arg1 delivery 263:270 delivery 263:270 delivery of nutrients and oxygen 263:294 Bone tissue is dependent on an efficient blood supply to ensure delivery of nutrients and oxygen. 25062670 0 13 theme bone 132:135 arg1 tissue 137:142 vascularized bone tissue 119:142 vascularized bone tissue 119:142 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 7 14 theme neovessel 1288:1296 arg1 formation 1298:1306 neovessel formation 1288:1306 neovessel formation 1288:1306 In vivo experiments indicated that scaffolds were tissue biocompatible, and that gene-activated scaffold provided a suitable environment for neovessel formation by recruiting host endothelial cells into the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue. 25062670 3 15 theme adenoviral 567:576 arg1 vector 578:583 the adenoviral vector 563:583 the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF) 563:668 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 5 16 attach attachment 746:755 arg3 scaffolds 841:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 5 16 attach attachment 746:755 arg2 cells 796:800 cells 796:800 cells 796:800 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 3 17 theme endothelial 603:613 arg1 factor 622:627 vascular endothelial growth factor 594:627 vascular endothelial growth factor 594:627 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 0 18 theme human 150:154 arg1 osteoblasts 156:166 human osteoblasts 150:166 human osteoblasts 150:166 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 3 19 with freeze-drying 502:514 arg1 size 534:537 desired pore size 521:537 desired pore size 521:537 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 5 20 theme C/HA 836:839 arg1 scaffolds 841:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 5 21 from attachment 746:755 arg1 scaffolds 841:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 5 22 theme unactivated 824:834 arg1 scaffolds 841:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 7 23 theme host 1322:1325 arg1 cells 1339:1343 host endothelial cells 1322:1343 host endothelial cells 1322:1343 In vivo experiments indicated that scaffolds were tissue biocompatible, and that gene-activated scaffold provided a suitable environment for neovessel formation by recruiting host endothelial cells into the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue. 25062670 6 24 theme human 947:951 arg1 osteoblasts 953:963 human osteoblasts 947:963 human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold 947:1004 Findings confirmed that human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold secreted vascular endothelial growth factor, besides maintaining its characteristic phenotype with specific extracellular matrix production. 25062670 7 25 theme ectopic 1368:1374 arg1 tissue 1386:1391 the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue 1350:1391 the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue 1350:1391 In vivo experiments indicated that scaffolds were tissue biocompatible, and that gene-activated scaffold provided a suitable environment for neovessel formation by recruiting host endothelial cells into the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue. 25062670 7 26 theme bone-like 1376:1384 arg1 tissue 1386:1391 the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue 1350:1391 the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue 1350:1391 In vivo experiments indicated that scaffolds were tissue biocompatible, and that gene-activated scaffold provided a suitable environment for neovessel formation by recruiting host endothelial cells into the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue. 25062670 3 27 theme vascular 594:601 arg1 factor 622:627 vascular endothelial growth factor 594:627 vascular endothelial growth factor 594:627 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 3 28 theme chitosan/hydroxyapatite 441:463 arg1 scaffolds 472:480 porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds 434:480 porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds 434:480 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 7 29 theme endothelial 1327:1337 arg1 cells 1339:1343 host endothelial cells 1322:1343 host endothelial cells 1322:1343 In vivo experiments indicated that scaffolds were tissue biocompatible, and that gene-activated scaffold provided a suitable environment for neovessel formation by recruiting host endothelial cells into the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue. 25062670 2 30 theme bone 341:344 arg1 tissue 346:351 a vascular-engineered bone tissue 319:351 a vascular-engineered bone tissue 319:351 One method to acquire a vascular-engineered bone tissue could be the use of an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold. 25062670 6 31 theme specific 1105:1112 arg1 production 1135:1144 specific extracellular matrix production 1105:1144 specific extracellular matrix production 1105:1144 Findings confirmed that human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold secreted vascular endothelial growth factor, besides maintaining its characteristic phenotype with specific extracellular matrix production. 25062670 2 32 theme scaffold 402:409 arg1 use 366:368 the use 362:368 the use of an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold 362:409 One method to acquire a vascular-engineered bone tissue could be the use of an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold. 25062670 2 32 theme scaffold 402:409 arg1 method 301:306 One method 297:306 One method to acquire a vascular-engineered bone tissue 297:351 One method to acquire a vascular-engineered bone tissue could be the use of an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold. 25062670 0 33 theme vascular 25:32 arg1 scaffold 94:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold 14:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts 14:166 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 2 34 theme vascular-engineered 321:339 arg1 tissue 346:351 a vascular-engineered bone tissue 319:351 a vascular-engineered bone tissue 319:351 One method to acquire a vascular-engineered bone tissue could be the use of an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold. 25062670 0 35 theme adenoviral 14:23 arg1 scaffold 94:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold 14:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts 14:166 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 5 36 from differentiation 777:791 arg1 scaffolds 841:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds 805:849 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 8 37 theme bone 1492:1495 arg1 regeneration 1497:1508 vascular bone regeneration 1483:1508 vascular bone regeneration 1483:1508 This study revealed that the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold has potential for vascular bone regeneration applications. 25062670 1 38 theme efficient 230:238 arg1 supply 246:251 an efficient blood supply 227:251 an efficient blood supply to ensure delivery of nutrients and oxygen 227:294 Bone tissue is dependent on an efficient blood supply to ensure delivery of nutrients and oxygen. 25062670 0 39 theme growth 46:51 arg1 scaffold 94:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold 14:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts 14:166 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 8 40 theme composite 1446:1454 arg1 scaffold 1456:1463 the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold 1419:1463 the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold 1419:1463 This study revealed that the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold has potential for vascular bone regeneration applications. 25062670 8 41 theme C/HA 1441:1444 arg1 scaffold 1456:1463 the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold 1419:1463 the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold 1419:1463 This study revealed that the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold has potential for vascular bone regeneration applications. 25062670 1 42 theme blood 240:244 arg1 supply 246:251 an efficient blood supply 227:251 an efficient blood supply to ensure delivery of nutrients and oxygen 227:294 Bone tissue is dependent on an efficient blood supply to ensure delivery of nutrients and oxygen. 25062670 0 43 theme endothelial 34:44 arg1 scaffold 94:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold 14:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts 14:166 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 3 44 theme porous 434:439 arg1 C/HA 466:469 C/HA 466:469 C/HA 466:469 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 3 44 theme porous 434:439 arg1 chitosan/hydroxyapatite 441:463 porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite 434:463 porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds 434:480 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 3 45 theme green 633:637 arg1 protein 652:658 green fluorescence protein 633:658 green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF) 633:668 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 3 45 theme green 633:637 arg1 Ad-VEGF 661:667 Ad-VEGF 661:667 Ad-VEGF 661:667 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 4 46 theme Human 671:675 arg1 osteoblasts 677:687 Human osteoblasts 671:687 Human osteoblasts 671:687 Human osteoblasts were cultured and seeded on characterized scaffolds. 25062670 0 47 theme chitosan/hydroxyapatite 70:92 arg1 scaffold 94:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold 14:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts 14:166 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 6 48 theme growth 1036:1041 arg1 factor 1043:1048 vascular endothelial growth factor 1015:1048 vascular endothelial growth factor 1015:1048 Findings confirmed that human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold secreted vascular endothelial growth factor, besides maintaining its characteristic phenotype with specific extracellular matrix production. 25062670 8 49 contain has 1465:1467 arg2 applications 1510:1521 potential for vascular bone regeneration applications 1469:1521 potential for vascular bone regeneration applications 1469:1521 This study revealed that the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold has potential for vascular bone regeneration applications. 25062670 8 49 contain has 1465:1467 arg1 scaffold 1456:1463 the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold 1419:1463 the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold 1419:1463 This study revealed that the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold has potential for vascular bone regeneration applications. 25062670 3 50 theme growth 615:620 arg1 factor 622:627 vascular endothelial growth factor 594:627 vascular endothelial growth factor 594:627 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 3 51 theme desired 521:527 arg1 size 534:537 desired pore size 521:537 desired pore size 521:537 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 0 52 theme factor-activated 53:68 arg1 scaffold 94:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold 14:101 adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts 14:166 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 6 53 theme endothelial 1024:1034 arg1 factor 1043:1048 vascular endothelial growth factor 1015:1048 vascular endothelial growth factor 1015:1048 Findings confirmed that human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold secreted vascular endothelial growth factor, besides maintaining its characteristic phenotype with specific extracellular matrix production. 25062670 0 54 theme in vivo 182:188 arg1 studies 190:196 in vivo studies 182:196 in vivo studies 182:196 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 2 55 dep method 301:306 arg1 acquire 311:317 acquire 311:317 to acquire a vascular-engineered bone tissue 308:351 One method to acquire a vascular-engineered bone tissue could be the use of an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold. 25062670 7 56 theme gene-activated 1228:1241 arg1 scaffold 1243:1250 gene-activated scaffold 1228:1250 gene-activated scaffold 1228:1250 In vivo experiments indicated that scaffolds were tissue biocompatible, and that gene-activated scaffold provided a suitable environment for neovessel formation by recruiting host endothelial cells into the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue. 25062670 3 57 theme pore 529:532 arg1 size 534:537 desired pore size 521:537 desired pore size 521:537 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 6 58 theme vascular 1015:1022 arg1 factor 1043:1048 vascular endothelial growth factor 1015:1048 vascular endothelial growth factor 1015:1048 Findings confirmed that human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold secreted vascular endothelial growth factor, besides maintaining its characteristic phenotype with specific extracellular matrix production. 25062670 7 59 theme In vivo 1147:1153 arg1 experiments 1155:1165 In vivo experiments 1147:1165 In vivo experiments 1147:1165 In vivo experiments indicated that scaffolds were tissue biocompatible, and that gene-activated scaffold provided a suitable environment for neovessel formation by recruiting host endothelial cells into the newly forming ectopic bone-like tissue. 25062670 3 60 theme current 419:425 arg1 study 427:431 the current study 415:431 the current study 415:431 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 8 61 theme potential 1469:1477 arg1 applications 1510:1521 potential for vascular bone regeneration applications 1469:1521 potential for vascular bone regeneration applications 1469:1521 This study revealed that the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold has potential for vascular bone regeneration applications. 25062670 8 62 theme vascular 1483:1490 arg1 regeneration 1497:1508 vascular bone regeneration 1483:1508 vascular bone regeneration 1483:1508 This study revealed that the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold has potential for vascular bone regeneration applications. 25062670 5 63 theme cells 796:800 arg1 differentiation 777:791 differentiation 777:791 differentiation 777:791 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 5 63 theme cells 796:800 arg1 attachment 746:755 attachment 746:755 attachment 746:755 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 5 63 theme cells 796:800 arg1 proliferation 758:770 proliferation 758:770 proliferation 758:770 The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on gene-activated and unactivated C/HA scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by histo- and immunohistochemistry. 25062670 8 64 theme Ad-VEGF-activated 1423:1439 arg1 scaffold 1456:1463 the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold 1419:1463 the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold 1419:1463 This study revealed that the Ad-VEGF-activated C/HA composite scaffold has potential for vascular bone regeneration applications. 25062670 3 65 theme fluorescence 639:650 arg1 protein 652:658 green fluorescence protein 633:658 green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF) 633:668 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 3 65 theme fluorescence 639:650 arg1 Ad-VEGF 661:667 Ad-VEGF 661:667 Ad-VEGF 661:667 In the current study, porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (C/HA) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying with desired pore size, and then combined with the adenoviral vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and green fluorescence protein (Ad-VEGF). 25062670 2 66 theme gene-activated 387:400 arg1 scaffold 402:409 an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold 373:409 an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold 373:409 One method to acquire a vascular-engineered bone tissue could be the use of an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold. 25062670 6 67 theme matrix 1128:1133 arg1 production 1135:1144 specific extracellular matrix production 1105:1144 specific extracellular matrix production 1105:1144 Findings confirmed that human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold secreted vascular endothelial growth factor, besides maintaining its characteristic phenotype with specific extracellular matrix production. 25062670 0 68 theme scaffold 94:101 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 0:197 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 0 69 dep Evaluation 0:9 arg1 In vitro 169:176 In vitro 169:176 In vitro 169:176 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 0 69 dep Evaluation 0:9 arg1 studies 190:196 in vivo studies 182:196 in vivo studies 182:196 Evaluation of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-activated chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for engineering vascularized bone tissue using human osteoblasts: In vitro and in vivo studies. 25062670 2 70 theme angiogenic 376:385 arg1 scaffold 402:409 an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold 373:409 an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold 373:409 One method to acquire a vascular-engineered bone tissue could be the use of an angiogenic gene-activated scaffold. 25062670 6 71 theme extracellular 1114:1126 arg1 production 1135:1144 specific extracellular matrix production 1105:1144 specific extracellular matrix production 1105:1144 Findings confirmed that human osteoblasts cultured on gene-activated C/HA scaffold secreted vascular endothelial growth factor, besides maintaining its characteristic phenotype with specific extracellular matrix production. 25409684 4 0 theme 2.2-fold 1084:1091 arg1 scaffolds 1152:1160 2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 1084:1160 2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 1084:1160 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 1 theme P 1356:1356 arg1 < 1358:1358 P < 0.05 1356:1363 P < 0.05 1356:1363 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 2 theme 6.2-fold 1097:1104 arg1 scaffolds 1152:1160 2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 1084:1160 2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 1084:1160 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 10 3 theme design 2488:2493 arg1 considerations 2495:2508 future design considerations 2481:2508 future design considerations for composite biomaterials 2481:2535 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 9 4 theme HA 2277:2278 arg1 addition 2265:2272 the addition 2261:2272 the addition of HA prior to freeze-drying 2261:2301 It was found that the addition of HA prior to freeze-drying generally reduced the pore size and so the CpHA scaffold fabrication method offered increased control over the resulting scaffolds microstructure. 25409684 8 5 from alterations 2206:2216 arg1 temperature 2230:2240 freezing temperature 2221:2240 freezing temperature 2221:2240 Control of scaffold microstructure was examined via alterations in freezing temperature. 25409684 7 6 theme scaffolds 2009:2017 arg1 properties 1975:1984 The comparatively good mechanical properties 1941:1984 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds 1941:2017 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 2 7 theme cell 631:634 arg1 infiltration 636:647 cell infiltration 631:647 cell infiltration 631:647 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 4 8 dep stiffness 1073:1081 arg1 known 1184:1188 known 1184:1188 known to support osteogenesis 1184:1212 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 3 9 theme incorporation 774:786 arg1 methods 788:794 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 749:794 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 749:794 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 3 10 theme different 749:757 arg1 methods 788:794 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 749:794 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 749:794 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 1 11 theme suitable 377:384 arg1 size 391:394 a suitable pore size 375:394 a suitable pore size 375:394 Scaffolds which aim to provide an optimised environment to regenerate bone tissue require a balance between mechanical properties and architecture known to be conducive to enable tissue regeneration, such as a high porosity and a suitable pore size. 25409684 4 12 theme nano-sized 975:984 arg1 particles 989:997 either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles 936:997 either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) 936:1014 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 12 theme nano-sized 975:984 arg1 scaffolds 1005:1013 CnHA scaffolds 1000:1013 CnHA scaffolds 1000:1013 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 13 theme P 1163:1163 arg1 < 1165:1165 P < 0.05 1163:1170 P < 0.05 1163:1170 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 6 14 theme P 1792:1792 arg1 < 1794:1794 P < 0.05 1792:1799 P < 0.05 1792:1799 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 6 14 theme P 1792:1792 arg1 level 1785:1789 a lower cell attachment level 1761:1789 a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05) 1761:1800 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 5 15 theme compressive 1586:1596 arg1 modulus 1598:1604 the compressive modulus 1582:1604 the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds 1582:1654 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 5 15 theme compressive 1586:1596 arg1 26-fold 1607:1613 26-fold 1607:1613 26-fold 1607:1613 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 5 15 theme compressive 1586:1596 arg1 controls 1622:1629 CG controls 1619:1629 CG controls 1619:1629 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 3 16 theme mechanical 803:812 arg1 response 843:850 the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response 799:850 the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds 799:889 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 10 17 contain have 2593:2596 arg2 effects 2607:2613 profound effects 2598:2613 profound effects 2598:2613 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 10 17 contain have 2593:2596 arg1 method 2562:2567 the method 2558:2567 the method of HA incorporation 2558:2587 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 4 18 theme micron-sized 943:954 arg1 particles 989:997 either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles 936:997 either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) 936:1014 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 18 theme micron-sized 943:954 arg1 scaffolds 1005:1013 CnHA scaffolds 1000:1013 CnHA scaffolds 1000:1013 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 2 19 theme different 558:566 arg1 ways 568:571 different ways 558:571 different ways 558:571 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 6 20 theme < 1869:1869 arg1 P 1867:1867 P < 0.0001 1867:1876 P < 0.0001 1867:1876 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 6 20 theme < 1869:1869 arg1 production 1855:1864 greater cell-mediated calcium production 1825:1864 greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) 1825:1877 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 4 21 theme CHA 957:959 arg1 scaffolds 961:969 CHA scaffolds 957:969 CHA scaffolds 957:969 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 7 22 theme high 1995:1998 arg1 scaffolds 2009:2017 these high porosity scaffolds 1989:2017 these high porosity scaffolds 1989:2017 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 9 23 theme CpHA 2346:2349 arg1 method 2372:2377 the CpHA scaffold fabrication method 2342:2377 the CpHA scaffold fabrication method 2342:2377 It was found that the addition of HA prior to freeze-drying generally reduced the pore size and so the CpHA scaffold fabrication method offered increased control over the resulting scaffolds microstructure. 25409684 3 24 theme collagen-HA 869:879 arg1 scaffolds 881:889 the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds 855:889 the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds 855:889 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 10 25 theme scaffold 2632:2639 arg1 response 2667:2674 the resulting scaffold structural and biological response 2618:2674 the resulting scaffold structural and biological response 2618:2674 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 6 26 theme calcium 1847:1853 arg1 P 1867:1867 P < 0.0001 1867:1876 P < 0.0001 1867:1876 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 6 26 theme calcium 1847:1853 arg1 production 1855:1864 greater cell-mediated calcium production 1825:1864 greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) 1825:1877 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 3 27 theme morphological 815:827 arg1 response 843:850 the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response 799:850 the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds 799:889 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 0 28 theme structural 64:73 arg1 properties 90:99 the structural and biological properties 60:99 the structural and biological properties of porous collagen 60:118 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. 25409684 9 29 theme fabrication 2360:2370 arg1 method 2372:2377 the CpHA scaffold fabrication method 2342:2377 the CpHA scaffold fabrication method 2342:2377 It was found that the addition of HA prior to freeze-drying generally reduced the pore size and so the CpHA scaffold fabrication method offered increased control over the resulting scaffolds microstructure. 25409684 4 30 theme support 1193:1199 arg1 osteogenesis 1201:1212 support osteogenesis 1193:1212 support osteogenesis 1193:1212 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 6 31 theme greater 1825:1831 arg1 P 1867:1867 P < 0.0001 1867:1876 P < 0.0001 1867:1876 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 6 31 theme greater 1825:1831 arg1 production 1855:1864 greater cell-mediated calcium production 1825:1864 greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) 1825:1877 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 4 32 theme CG 1398:1399 arg1 scaffolds 1401:1409 CG scaffolds 1398:1409 CG scaffolds 1398:1409 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 0 33 theme biological 79:88 arg1 properties 90:99 the structural and biological properties 60:99 the structural and biological properties of porous collagen 60:118 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. 25409684 0 34 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 90:99 the structural and biological properties 60:99 the structural and biological properties of porous collagen 60:118 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. 25409684 10 35 theme composite 2514:2522 arg1 biomaterials 2524:2535 composite biomaterials 2514:2535 composite biomaterials 2514:2535 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 1 36 theme high 357:360 arg1 porosity 362:369 a high porosity 355:369 a high porosity 355:369 Scaffolds which aim to provide an optimised environment to regenerate bone tissue require a balance between mechanical properties and architecture known to be conducive to enable tissue regeneration, such as a high porosity and a suitable pore size. 25409684 4 37 dep -mediated 1293:1301 arg1 cell 1283:1286 moderate mesenchymal stem cell 1257:1286 moderate mesenchymal stem cell 1257:1286 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 38 theme CnHA 1000:1003 arg1 particles 989:997 either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles 936:997 either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) 936:1014 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 38 theme CnHA 1000:1003 arg1 scaffolds 1005:1013 CnHA scaffolds 1000:1013 CnHA scaffolds 1000:1013 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 39 theme mesenchymal 1266:1276 arg1 cell 1283:1286 moderate mesenchymal stem cell 1257:1286 moderate mesenchymal stem cell 1257:1286 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 6 40 theme scaffold 1899:1906 arg1 variants 1908:1915 other scaffold variants 1893:1915 other scaffold variants 1893:1915 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 0 41 theme collagen 111:118 arg1 properties 90:99 the structural and biological properties 60:99 the structural and biological properties of porous collagen 60:118 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. 25409684 5 42 theme scaffolds 1442:1450 arg1 method 1563:1568 a highly effective method 1544:1568 a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%) 1544:1696 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 5 42 theme scaffolds 1442:1450 arg1 coating 1422:1428 coating 1422:1428 coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) 1422:1521 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 4 43 theme good 1231:1234 arg1 attachment 1241:1250 good cell attachment 1231:1250 good cell attachment 1231:1250 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 5 44 theme scaffolds 1646:1654 arg1 modulus 1598:1604 the compressive modulus 1582:1604 the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds 1582:1654 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 5 44 theme scaffolds 1646:1654 arg1 26-fold 1607:1613 26-fold 1607:1613 26-fold 1607:1613 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 5 44 theme scaffolds 1646:1654 arg1 controls 1622:1629 CG controls 1619:1629 CG controls 1619:1629 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 9 45 theme scaffolds 2424:2432 arg1 microstructure 2434:2447 the resulting scaffolds microstructure 2410:2447 the resulting scaffolds microstructure 2410:2447 It was found that the addition of HA prior to freeze-drying generally reduced the pore size and so the CpHA scaffold fabrication method offered increased control over the resulting scaffolds microstructure. 25409684 4 46 theme -mediated 1293:1301 arg1 production 1311:1320 moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production 1257:1320 moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production 1257:1320 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 6 47 theme ligand-dense 1718:1729 arg1 structure 1740:1748 the ligand-dense collagen structure 1714:1748 the ligand-dense collagen structure 1714:1748 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 2 48 theme effective 670:678 arg1 regeneration 685:696 effective bone regeneration 670:696 effective bone regeneration 670:696 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 0 49 theme different 10:18 arg1 methods 49:55 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 10:55 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 10:55 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. 25409684 8 50 theme microstructure 2174:2187 arg1 Control 2154:2160 Control 2154:2160 Control of scaffold microstructure 2154:2187 Control of scaffold microstructure was examined via alterations in freezing temperature. 25409684 10 51 theme future 2481:2486 arg1 considerations 2495:2508 future design considerations 2481:2508 future design considerations for composite biomaterials 2481:2535 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 2 52 theme freeze-dried 403:414 arg1 analogue 447:454 an analogue 444:454 an analogue of native ECM 444:468 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 2 52 theme freeze-dried 403:414 arg1 scaffolds 431:439 freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds 403:439 freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds 403:439 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 10 53 theme HA 2572:2573 arg1 incorporation 2575:2587 HA incorporation 2572:2587 HA incorporation 2572:2587 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 5 54 theme < 1634:1634 arg1 P 1632:1632 P < 0.001 1632:1640 P < 0.001 1632:1640 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 0 55 theme incorporation 35:47 arg1 methods 49:55 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 10:55 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 10:55 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. 25409684 4 56 theme moderate 1051:1058 arg1 increases 1060:1068 moderate increases 1051:1068 moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis) 1051:1213 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 7 57 dep treatment 2143:2151 arg1 both 2088:2091 both 2088:2091 both 2088:2091 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 1 58 theme tissue 326:331 arg1 regeneration 333:344 tissue regeneration 326:344 tissue regeneration 326:344 Scaffolds which aim to provide an optimised environment to regenerate bone tissue require a balance between mechanical properties and architecture known to be conducive to enable tissue regeneration, such as a high porosity and a suitable pore size. 25409684 5 59 theme CpHA 1507:1510 arg1 freeze-drying 1492:1504 freeze-drying 1492:1504 freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) 1492:1521 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 5 59 theme CpHA 1507:1510 arg1 scaffolds 1512:1520 CpHA scaffolds 1507:1520 CpHA scaffolds 1507:1520 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 7 60 theme physical 2095:2102 arg1 treatment 2143:2151 both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment 2088:2151 treatment 2143:2151 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 8 61 theme freezing 2221:2228 arg1 temperature 2230:2240 freezing temperature 2221:2240 freezing temperature 2221:2240 Control of scaffold microstructure was examined via alterations in freezing temperature. 25409684 6 62 theme attachment 1774:1783 arg1 < 1794:1794 P < 0.05 1792:1799 P < 0.05 1792:1799 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 6 62 theme attachment 1774:1783 arg1 level 1785:1789 a lower cell attachment level 1761:1789 a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05) 1761:1800 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 5 63 theme effective 1553:1561 arg1 method 1563:1568 a highly effective method 1544:1568 a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%) 1544:1696 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 5 63 theme effective 1553:1561 arg1 coating 1422:1428 coating 1422:1428 coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) 1422:1521 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 2 64 theme ECM 466:468 arg1 analogue 447:454 an analogue 444:454 an analogue of native ECM 444:468 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 2 64 theme ECM 466:468 arg1 scaffolds 431:439 freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds 403:439 freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds 403:439 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 6 65 theme lower 1763:1767 arg1 < 1794:1794 P < 0.05 1792:1799 P < 0.05 1792:1799 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 6 65 theme lower 1763:1767 arg1 level 1785:1789 a lower cell attachment level 1761:1789 a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05) 1761:1800 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 5 66 theme high 1676:1679 arg1 porosity 1681:1688 a high porosity 1674:1688 a high porosity (~ 98%) 1674:1696 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 5 66 theme high 1676:1679 arg1 % 1695:1695 ~ 98% 1691:1695 ~ 98% 1691:1695 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 1 67 theme mechanical 255:264 arg1 properties 266:275 mechanical properties 255:275 mechanical properties 255:275 Scaffolds which aim to provide an optimised environment to regenerate bone tissue require a balance between mechanical properties and architecture known to be conducive to enable tissue regeneration, such as a high porosity and a suitable pore size. 25409684 2 68 theme pore 593:596 arg1 architecture 598:609 a pore architecture 591:609 a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration 591:696 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 7 69 theme mechanical 1964:1973 arg1 properties 1975:1984 The comparatively good mechanical properties 1941:1984 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds 1941:2017 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 6 70 theme structure 1740:1748 arg1 coating 1703:1709 The coating 1699:1709 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure 1699:1748 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 4 71 dep known 1184:1188 arg1 scaffolds 1152:1160 2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 1084:1160 2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds 1084:1160 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 71 dep known 1184:1188 arg1 < 1165:1165 P < 0.05 1163:1170 P < 0.05 1163:1170 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 1 72 theme optimised 181:189 arg1 environment 191:201 an optimised environment 178:201 an optimised environment 178:201 Scaffolds which aim to provide an optimised environment to regenerate bone tissue require a balance between mechanical properties and architecture known to be conducive to enable tissue regeneration, such as a high porosity and a suitable pore size. 25409684 4 73 dep culture 1337:1343 arg1 scaffolds 1401:1409 CG scaffolds 1398:1409 CG scaffolds 1398:1409 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 73 dep culture 1337:1343 arg1 2.1-fold 1346:1353 2.1-fold 1346:1353 2.1-fold 1346:1353 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 73 dep culture 1337:1343 arg1 < 1358:1358 P < 0.05 1356:1363 P < 0.05 1356:1363 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 2 74 theme sufficient 611:620 arg1 architecture 598:609 a pore architecture 591:609 a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration 591:696 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 3 75 from effect 739:744 arg1 response 843:850 the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response 799:850 the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds 799:889 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 3 76 theme methods 788:794 arg1 effect 739:744 the effect 735:744 the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds 735:889 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 0 77 theme bone 134:137 arg1 repair 139:144 bone repair 134:144 bone repair 134:144 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. 25409684 10 78 theme resulting 2622:2630 arg1 response 2667:2674 the resulting scaffold structural and biological response 2618:2674 the resulting scaffold structural and biological response 2618:2674 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 3 79 theme hydroxyapatite 759:772 arg1 methods 788:794 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 749:794 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 749:794 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 1 80 theme pore 386:389 arg1 size 391:394 a suitable pore size 375:394 a suitable pore size 375:394 Scaffolds which aim to provide an optimised environment to regenerate bone tissue require a balance between mechanical properties and architecture known to be conducive to enable tissue regeneration, such as a high porosity and a suitable pore size. 25409684 9 81 theme pore 2325:2328 arg1 size 2330:2333 the pore size 2321:2333 the pore size 2321:2333 It was found that the addition of HA prior to freeze-drying generally reduced the pore size and so the CpHA scaffold fabrication method offered increased control over the resulting scaffolds microstructure. 25409684 1 82 theme bone 217:220 arg1 tissue 222:227 bone tissue 217:227 bone tissue 217:227 Scaffolds which aim to provide an optimised environment to regenerate bone tissue require a balance between mechanical properties and architecture known to be conducive to enable tissue regeneration, such as a high porosity and a suitable pore size. 25409684 5 83 theme CG 1619:1620 arg1 modulus 1598:1604 the compressive modulus 1582:1604 the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds 1582:1654 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 5 83 theme CG 1619:1620 arg1 controls 1622:1629 CG controls 1619:1629 CG controls 1619:1629 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 10 84 theme biological 2656:2665 arg1 response 2667:2674 the resulting scaffold structural and biological response 2618:2674 the resulting scaffold structural and biological response 2618:2674 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 9 85 theme increased 2387:2395 arg1 control 2397:2403 increased control 2387:2403 increased control over the resulting scaffolds microstructure 2387:2447 It was found that the addition of HA prior to freeze-drying generally reduced the pore size and so the CpHA scaffold fabrication method offered increased control over the resulting scaffolds microstructure. 25409684 10 86 theme profound 2598:2605 arg1 effects 2607:2613 profound effects 2598:2613 profound effects 2598:2613 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 10 87 theme structural 2641:2650 arg1 response 2667:2674 the resulting scaffold structural and biological response 2618:2674 the resulting scaffold structural and biological response 2618:2674 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 25409684 7 88 theme porosity 2000:2007 arg1 scaffolds 2009:2017 these high porosity scaffolds 1989:2017 these high porosity scaffolds 1989:2017 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 3 89 theme cellular 834:841 arg1 response 843:850 the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response 799:850 the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds 799:889 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 9 90 theme scaffold 2351:2358 arg1 method 2372:2377 the CpHA scaffold fabrication method 2342:2377 the CpHA scaffold fabrication method 2342:2377 It was found that the addition of HA prior to freeze-drying generally reduced the pore size and so the CpHA scaffold fabrication method offered increased control over the resulting scaffolds microstructure. 25409684 3 91 theme scaffolds 881:889 arg1 response 843:850 the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response 799:850 the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds 799:889 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 6 92 theme cell-mediated 1833:1845 arg1 P 1867:1867 P < 0.0001 1867:1876 P < 0.0001 1867:1876 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 6 92 theme cell-mediated 1833:1845 arg1 production 1855:1864 greater cell-mediated calcium production 1825:1864 greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) 1825:1877 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 4 93 dep micron-sized 943:954 arg1 scaffolds 961:969 CHA scaffolds 957:969 CHA scaffolds 957:969 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 5 94 theme hydroxyapatite 1459:1472 arg1 precipitate 1474:1484 a hydroxyapatite precipitate 1457:1484 a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) 1457:1521 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 4 95 theme moderate 1257:1264 arg1 cell 1283:1286 moderate mesenchymal stem cell 1257:1286 moderate mesenchymal stem cell 1257:1286 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 3 96 theme resultant 859:867 arg1 scaffolds 881:889 the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds 855:889 the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds 855:889 Specifically we sought to elucidate the effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the mechanical, morphological, and cellular response of the resultant collagen-HA scaffolds. 25409684 0 97 theme porous 104:109 arg1 collagen 111:118 porous collagen 104:118 porous collagen 104:118 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. 25409684 5 98 dep 26-fold 1607:1613 arg1 P 1632:1632 P < 0.001 1632:1640 P < 0.001 1632:1640 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 4 99 theme HA 986:987 arg1 particles 989:997 either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles 936:997 either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) 936:1014 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 99 theme HA 986:987 arg1 scaffolds 1005:1013 CnHA scaffolds 1000:1013 CnHA scaffolds 1000:1013 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 4 100 theme stem 1278:1281 arg1 cell 1283:1286 moderate mesenchymal stem cell 1257:1286 moderate mesenchymal stem cell 1257:1286 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 2 101 theme mechanical 496:505 arg1 properties 507:516 the mechanical properties 492:516 the mechanical properties 492:516 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 5 102 theme collagen 1433:1440 arg1 scaffolds 1442:1450 collagen scaffolds 1433:1450 collagen scaffolds 1433:1450 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 4 103 theme cell 1236:1239 arg1 attachment 1241:1250 good cell attachment 1231:1250 good cell attachment 1231:1250 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 2 104 from hydroxyapatite 535:548 arg1 ways 568:571 different ways 558:571 different ways 558:571 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 9 105 theme resulting 2414:2422 arg1 microstructure 2434:2447 the resulting scaffolds microstructure 2410:2447 the resulting scaffolds microstructure 2410:2447 It was found that the addition of HA prior to freeze-drying generally reduced the pore size and so the CpHA scaffold fabrication method offered increased control over the resulting scaffolds microstructure. 25409684 6 106 theme collagen 1731:1738 arg1 structure 1740:1748 the ligand-dense collagen structure 1714:1748 the ligand-dense collagen structure 1714:1748 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 2 107 theme bone 680:683 arg1 regeneration 685:696 effective bone regeneration 670:696 effective bone regeneration 670:696 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 7 108 theme crosslinking 2130:2141 arg1 treatment 2143:2151 both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment 2088:2151 treatment 2143:2151 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 0 109 theme hydroxyapatite 20:33 arg1 methods 49:55 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 10:55 different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods 10:55 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. 25409684 4 110 theme calcium 1303:1309 arg1 production 1311:1320 moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production 1257:1320 moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production 1257:1320 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 7 111 dep physical 2095:2102 arg1 EDAC 2124:2127 EDAC 2124:2127 EDAC 2124:2127 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 7 111 dep physical 2095:2102 arg1 DHT 2105:2107 DHT 2105:2107 DHT 2105:2107 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 2 112 theme collagen-based 416:429 arg1 analogue 447:454 an analogue 444:454 an analogue of native ECM 444:468 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 2 112 theme collagen-based 416:429 arg1 scaffolds 431:439 freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds 403:439 freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds 403:439 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 0 113 theme methods 49:55 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen 0:118 Effect of different hydroxyapatite incorporation methods on the structural and biological properties of porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. 25409684 4 114 from increases 1060:1068 arg1 stiffness 1073:1081 stiffness 1073:1081 stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis) 1073:1213 The results demonstrated that incorporating either micron-sized (CHA scaffolds) or nano-sized HA particles (CnHA scaffolds) prior to freeze-drying resulted in moderate increases in stiffness (2.2-fold and 6.2-fold, respectively, vs. collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, P < 0.05, a scaffold known to support osteogenesis), while enabling good cell attachment, and moderate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated calcium production after 28 days' culture (2.1-fold, P < 0.05, and 1.3-fold, respectively, vs. CG scaffolds). 25409684 8 115 theme scaffold 2165:2172 arg1 microstructure 2174:2187 scaffold microstructure 2165:2187 scaffold microstructure 2165:2187 Control of scaffold microstructure was examined via alterations in freezing temperature. 25409684 7 116 theme chemical 2114:2121 arg1 treatment 2143:2151 both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment 2088:2151 treatment 2143:2151 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 5 117 with coating 1422:1428 arg1 precipitate 1474:1484 a hydroxyapatite precipitate 1457:1484 a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) 1457:1521 However, coating of collagen scaffolds with a hydroxyapatite precipitate after freeze-drying (CpHA scaffolds) has been shown to be a highly effective method to increase the compressive modulus (26-fold vs. CG controls, P < 0.001) of scaffolds while maintaining a high porosity (~ 98%). 25409684 7 118 theme good 1959:1962 arg1 properties 1975:1984 The comparatively good mechanical properties 1941:1984 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds 1941:2017 The comparatively good mechanical properties of these high porosity scaffolds is obtained partially through highly crosslinking the scaffolds with both a physical (DHT) and chemical (EDAC) crosslinking treatment. 25409684 2 119 theme native 459:464 arg1 ECM 466:468 native ECM 459:468 native ECM 459:468 Using freeze-dried collagen-based scaffolds as an analogue of native ECM, we sought to improve the mechanical properties by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) in different ways while maintaining a pore architecture sufficient to allow cell infiltration, vascularisation and effective bone regeneration. 25409684 6 120 theme other 1893:1897 arg1 variants 1908:1915 other scaffold variants 1893:1915 other scaffold variants 1893:1915 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 6 121 theme cell 1769:1772 arg1 < 1794:1794 P < 0.05 1792:1799 P < 0.05 1792:1799 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 6 121 theme cell 1769:1772 arg1 level 1785:1789 a lower cell attachment level 1761:1789 a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05) 1761:1800 The coating of the ligand-dense collagen structure results in a lower cell attachment level (P < 0.05), although it supported greater cell-mediated calcium production (P < 0.0001) compared with other scaffold variants after 28 days' culture. 25409684 10 122 theme incorporation 2575:2587 arg1 method 2562:2567 the method 2558:2567 the method of HA incorporation 2558:2587 These findings will help guide future design considerations for composite biomaterials and demonstrate that the method of HA incorporation can have profound effects on the resulting scaffold structural and biological response. 26735894 4 0 link plant-derived 578:590 arg1 glycoside 601:609 a plant-derived flavonol glycoside 576:609 a plant-derived flavonol glycoside 576:609 Icariin (ICA), a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, was combined to study drug release properties of BIMCM. 26735894 4 0 link plant-derived 578:590 arg1 Icariin 561:567 Icariin 561:567 Icariin (ICA) 561:573 Icariin (ICA), a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, was combined to study drug release properties of BIMCM. 26735894 9 1 theme staining 1621:1628 arg1 test 1567:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 9 1 theme staining 1621:1628 arg1 method 1630:1635 AO/EB fluorescent staining method 1603:1635 AO/EB fluorescent staining method 1603:1635 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 7 2 theme intermolecular 1205:1218 arg1 crosslinkages 1220:1232 many intermolecular crosslinkages 1200:1232 many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains 1200:1268 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 3 theme in 1108:1109 arg1 crosslinkers 1170:1181 stable inorganic crosslinkers 1153:1181 stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM 1153:1190 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 3 theme in 1108:1109 arg1 nHA 1140:1142 nHA 1140:1142 nHA 1140:1142 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 3 theme in 1108:1109 arg1 MNP 1132:1134 in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1108:1134 in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1108:1134 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 2 4 theme click 374:378 arg1 technology 380:389 a novel automated in situ click technology 348:389 a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 348:453 The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. 26735894 10 5 theme alternative 1737:1747 arg1 strategy 1749:1756 an alternative strategy 1734:1756 an alternative strategy 1734:1756 These results demonstrated that successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP provided an alternative strategy because of magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 26735894 2 6 theme hydroxyapatite 417:430 arg1 microcapsules 441:453 magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 394:453 magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 394:453 The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. 26735894 0 7 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 preparation 7:17 Facile preparation 0:17 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite 0:71 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology. 26735894 5 8 theme Thermal 849:855 arg1 TGA/DSC 912:918 TGA/DSC 912:918 TGA/DSC 912:918 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 8 theme Thermal 849:855 arg1 Calorimetry 900:910 Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry 849:910 Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) 849:919 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 10 9 theme magnetic 1769:1776 arg1 sensitivity 1778:1788 magnetic sensitivity 1769:1788 magnetic sensitivity 1769:1788 These results demonstrated that successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP provided an alternative strategy because of magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 26735894 5 10 theme analysis/Differential 869:889 arg1 TGA/DSC 912:918 TGA/DSC 912:918 TGA/DSC 912:918 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 10 theme analysis/Differential 869:889 arg1 Calorimetry 900:910 Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry 849:910 Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) 849:919 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 7 11 dep in 1108:1109 arg1 situ 1111:1114 situ 1111:1114 situ 1111:1114 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 3 12 theme one-step 543:550 arg1 process 552:558 one-step process 543:558 one-step process 543:558 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and nHA were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step process. 26735894 5 13 theme electron 818:825 arg1 SEM 839:841 SEM 839:841 SEM 839:841 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 13 theme electron 818:825 arg1 microscopy 827:836 scanning electron microscopy 809:836 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 809:842 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 1 14 theme environmental 233:245 arg1 vehicle 275:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle 221:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect 221:325 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 1 14 theme environmental 233:245 arg1 microcapsules 196:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules 156:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) 156:216 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 8 15 theme degradation 1428:1438 arg1 rates 1440:1444 degradation rates 1428:1444 degradation rates 1428:1444 This makes ICA loaded microcapsules take on a sustained release behavior and results in the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates. 26735894 5 16 theme Fe3O4 1024:1028 arg1 MNP 1030:1032 the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1002:1032 the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1002:1032 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 11 17 theme drug 1941:1944 arg1 system 1955:1960 drug delivery system 1941:1960 drug delivery system for bone repair 1941:1976 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 8 18 theme loaded 1286:1291 arg1 microcapsules 1293:1305 ICA loaded microcapsules 1282:1305 ICA loaded microcapsules 1282:1305 This makes ICA loaded microcapsules take on a sustained release behavior and results in the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates. 26735894 7 19 theme many 1200:1203 arg1 crosslinkages 1220:1232 many intermolecular crosslinkages 1200:1232 many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains 1200:1268 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 1 20 theme biphasic-induced 160:175 arg1 vehicle 275:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle 221:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect 221:325 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 1 20 theme biphasic-induced 160:175 arg1 BIMCM 211:215 BIMCM 211:215 BIMCM 211:215 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 1 20 theme biphasic-induced 160:175 arg1 microcapsules 196:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules 156:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) 156:216 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 0 21 theme in 100:101 arg1 technology 114:123 automated in situ click technology 90:123 automated in situ click technology 90:123 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology. 26735894 5 22 from spectroscopy 789:800 arg1 order 924:928 order 924:928 order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA 924:1040 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 1 23 theme composite 186:194 arg1 vehicle 275:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle 221:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect 221:325 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 1 23 theme composite 186:194 arg1 BIMCM 211:215 BIMCM 211:215 BIMCM 211:215 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 1 23 theme composite 186:194 arg1 microcapsules 196:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules 156:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) 156:216 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 5 24 dep order 924:928 arg1 reveal 933:938 reveal 933:938 to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA 930:1040 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 0 25 theme click 108:112 arg1 technology 114:123 automated in situ click technology 90:123 automated in situ click technology 90:123 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology. 26735894 5 26 dep Fourier 696:702 arg1 transform 704:712 transform 704:712 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA 704:1040 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 11 27 theme delivery 1946:1953 arg1 system 1955:1960 drug delivery system 1941:1960 drug delivery system for bone repair 1941:1976 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 8 28 theme release 1327:1333 arg1 behavior 1335:1342 a sustained release behavior 1315:1342 a sustained release behavior 1315:1342 This makes ICA loaded microcapsules take on a sustained release behavior and results in the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates. 26735894 2 29 theme CS/nHA 433:438 arg1 microcapsules 441:453 magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 394:453 magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 394:453 The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. 26735894 7 30 theme inorganic 1160:1168 arg1 crosslinkers 1170:1181 stable inorganic crosslinkers 1153:1181 stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM 1153:1190 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 30 theme inorganic 1160:1168 arg1 nHA 1140:1142 nHA 1140:1142 nHA 1140:1142 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 30 theme inorganic 1160:1168 arg1 MNP 1132:1134 in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1108:1134 in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1108:1134 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 0 31 theme icariin-loaded 48:61 arg1 composite 63:71 biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite 22:71 biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite 22:71 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology. 26735894 6 32 theme magnetic 1047:1054 arg1 test 1056:1059 The magnetic test 1043:1059 The magnetic test 1043:1059 The magnetic test showed the BIMCM were super-paramagnetic. 26735894 3 33 theme magnetic 462:469 arg1 MNP 486:488 MNP 486:488 MNP 486:488 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and nHA were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step process. 26735894 3 33 theme magnetic 462:469 arg1 nanoparticles 471:483 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 456:483 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) 456:489 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and nHA were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step process. 26735894 5 34 theme scanning 809:816 arg1 SEM 839:841 SEM 839:841 SEM 839:841 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 34 theme scanning 809:816 arg1 microscopy 827:836 scanning electron microscopy 809:836 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 809:842 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 1 35 theme drug 309:312 arg1 effect 320:325 drug burst effect 309:325 drug burst effect 309:325 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 0 36 dep in 100:101 arg1 situ 103:106 situ 103:106 situ 103:106 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology. 26735894 10 37 dep in 1701:1702 arg1 situ 1704:1707 situ 1704:1707 situ 1704:1707 These results demonstrated that successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP provided an alternative strategy because of magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 26735894 10 38 theme successful 1670:1679 arg1 introduction 1681:1692 successful introduction 1670:1692 successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP 1670:1723 These results demonstrated that successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP provided an alternative strategy because of magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 26735894 1 39 theme effect 320:325 arg1 problem 298:304 the problem 294:304 the problem of drug burst effect 294:325 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 9 40 theme MTT 1563:1565 arg1 test 1567:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 9 40 theme MTT 1563:1565 arg1 method 1630:1635 AO/EB fluorescent staining method 1603:1635 AO/EB fluorescent staining method 1603:1635 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 9 40 theme MTT 1563:1565 arg1 assay 1593:1597 Wright-Giemsa dying assay 1573:1597 Wright-Giemsa dying assay 1573:1597 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 4 41 theme plant-derived 578:590 arg1 glycoside 601:609 a plant-derived flavonol glycoside 576:609 a plant-derived flavonol glycoside 576:609 Icariin (ICA), a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, was combined to study drug release properties of BIMCM. 26735894 4 41 theme plant-derived 578:590 arg1 Icariin 561:567 Icariin 561:567 Icariin (ICA) 561:573 Icariin (ICA), a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, was combined to study drug release properties of BIMCM. 26735894 2 42 theme microcapsules 441:453 arg1 technology 380:389 a novel automated in situ click technology 348:389 a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 348:453 The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. 26735894 0 43 theme magnetic 39:46 arg1 composite 63:71 biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite 22:71 biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite 22:71 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology. 26735894 5 44 theme in 1006:1007 arg1 MNP 1030:1032 the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1002:1032 the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1002:1032 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 8 45 theme surface 1381:1387 arg1 morphology 1389:1398 surface morphology 1381:1398 surface morphology 1381:1398 This makes ICA loaded microcapsules take on a sustained release behavior and results in the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates. 26735894 10 46 theme in 1701:1702 arg1 MNP 1721:1723 the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP 1697:1723 the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP 1697:1723 These results demonstrated that successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP provided an alternative strategy because of magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 26735894 0 47 theme composite 63:71 arg1 preparation 7:17 Facile preparation 0:17 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite 0:71 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology. 26735894 5 48 theme generated 1014:1022 arg1 MNP 1030:1032 the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1002:1032 the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1002:1032 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 7 49 theme CS 1260:1261 arg1 chains 1263:1268 the CS chains 1256:1268 the CS chains 1256:1268 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 11 50 theme magnetic 1860:1867 arg1 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 11 50 theme magnetic 1860:1867 arg1 microcapsules 1880:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 2 51 theme automated 356:364 arg1 technology 380:389 a novel automated in situ click technology 348:389 a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 348:453 The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. 26735894 1 52 theme stimuli-responsive 247:264 arg1 vehicle 275:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle 221:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect 221:325 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 1 52 theme stimuli-responsive 247:264 arg1 microcapsules 196:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules 156:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) 156:216 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 2 53 theme magnetic 394:401 arg1 microcapsules 441:453 magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 394:453 magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 394:453 The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. 26735894 9 54 theme fluorescent 1609:1619 arg1 test 1567:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 9 54 theme fluorescent 1609:1619 arg1 method 1630:1635 AO/EB fluorescent staining method 1603:1635 AO/EB fluorescent staining method 1603:1635 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 4 55 theme drug 634:637 arg1 properties 647:656 drug release properties 634:656 drug release properties of BIMCM 634:665 Icariin (ICA), a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, was combined to study drug release properties of BIMCM. 26735894 10 56 theme click 1709:1713 arg1 MNP 1721:1723 the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP 1697:1723 the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP 1697:1723 These results demonstrated that successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP provided an alternative strategy because of magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 26735894 9 57 theme Wright-Giemsa 1573:1585 arg1 test 1567:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 9 57 theme Wright-Giemsa 1573:1585 arg1 assay 1593:1597 Wright-Giemsa dying assay 1573:1597 Wright-Giemsa dying assay 1573:1597 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 11 58 theme loaded 1836:1841 arg1 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 11 58 theme loaded 1836:1841 arg1 microcapsules 1880:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 7 59 theme generated 1116:1124 arg1 crosslinkers 1170:1181 stable inorganic crosslinkers 1153:1181 stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM 1153:1190 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 59 theme generated 1116:1124 arg1 nHA 1140:1142 nHA 1140:1142 nHA 1140:1142 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 59 theme generated 1116:1124 arg1 MNP 1132:1134 in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1108:1134 in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1108:1134 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 5 60 theme photoelectron 775:787 arg1 XPS 803:805 XPS 803:805 XPS 803:805 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 60 theme photoelectron 775:787 arg1 spectroscopy 789:800 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 769:800 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 769:806 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 61 theme gravimetric 857:867 arg1 TGA/DSC 912:918 TGA/DSC 912:918 TGA/DSC 912:918 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 61 theme gravimetric 857:867 arg1 Calorimetry 900:910 Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry 849:910 Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) 849:919 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 62 dep in 1006:1007 arg1 situ 1009:1012 situ 1009:1012 situ 1009:1012 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 9 63 theme dying 1587:1591 arg1 test 1567:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 9 63 theme dying 1587:1591 arg1 assay 1593:1597 Wright-Giemsa dying assay 1573:1597 Wright-Giemsa dying assay 1573:1597 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 9 64 theme microcapsules 1546:1558 arg1 biocompatibility 1522:1537 the biocompatibility 1518:1537 the biocompatibility of the microcapsules 1518:1558 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 2 65 theme in 366:367 arg1 technology 380:389 a novel automated in situ click technology 348:389 a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 348:453 The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. 26735894 11 66 theme bone 1966:1969 arg1 repair 1971:1976 bone repair 1966:1976 bone repair 1966:1976 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 1 67 theme promising 223:231 arg1 vehicle 275:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle 221:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect 221:325 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 1 67 theme promising 223:231 arg1 microcapsules 196:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules 156:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) 156:216 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 8 68 theme rates 1440:1444 arg1 self-adjusting 1363:1376 the self-adjusting 1359:1376 the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates 1359:1444 This makes ICA loaded microcapsules take on a sustained release behavior and results in the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates. 26735894 11 69 from applications 1925:1936 arg1 system 1955:1960 drug delivery system 1941:1960 drug delivery system for bone repair 1941:1976 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 4 70 theme BIMCM 661:665 arg1 properties 647:656 drug release properties 634:656 drug release properties of BIMCM 634:665 Icariin (ICA), a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, was combined to study drug release properties of BIMCM. 26735894 5 71 from diffraction 750:760 arg1 order 924:928 order 924:928 order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA 924:1040 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 10 72 theme sustained 1794:1802 arg1 release 1804:1810 sustained release 1794:1810 sustained release 1794:1810 These results demonstrated that successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP provided an alternative strategy because of magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 26735894 9 73 theme in 1460:1461 arg1 tests 1469:1473 in vitro tests 1460:1473 in vitro tests 1460:1473 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 5 74 theme infrared 714:721 arg1 FTIR 737:740 FTIR 737:740 FTIR 737:740 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 74 theme infrared 714:721 arg1 spectroscopy 723:734 infrared spectroscopy 714:734 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 714:741 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 75 theme MNP 1030:1032 arg1 component 946:954 their component 940:954 their component 940:954 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 75 theme MNP 1030:1032 arg1 role 994:997 the role 990:997 their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA 940:1040 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 75 theme MNP 1030:1032 arg1 morphology 968:977 surface morphology 960:977 surface morphology 960:977 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 11 76 theme novel 1826:1830 arg1 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 11 76 theme novel 1826:1830 arg1 microcapsules 1880:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 0 77 theme automated 90:98 arg1 technology 114:123 automated in situ click technology 90:123 automated in situ click technology 90:123 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology. 26735894 5 78 theme nHA 1038:1040 arg1 component 946:954 their component 940:954 their component 940:954 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 78 theme nHA 1038:1040 arg1 role 994:997 the role 990:997 their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA 940:1040 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 78 theme nHA 1038:1040 arg1 morphology 968:977 surface morphology 960:977 surface morphology 960:977 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 79 theme Scanning 891:898 arg1 TGA/DSC 912:918 TGA/DSC 912:918 TGA/DSC 912:918 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 79 theme Scanning 891:898 arg1 Calorimetry 900:910 Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry 849:910 Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) 849:919 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 80 theme X-ray 769:773 arg1 XPS 803:805 XPS 803:805 XPS 803:805 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 80 theme X-ray 769:773 arg1 spectroscopy 789:800 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 769:800 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 769:806 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 11 81 theme CS/nHA/MNP 1869:1878 arg1 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 11 81 theme CS/nHA/MNP 1869:1878 arg1 microcapsules 1880:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 1 82 theme magnetic 177:184 arg1 vehicle 275:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle 221:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect 221:325 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 1 82 theme magnetic 177:184 arg1 BIMCM 211:215 BIMCM 211:215 BIMCM 211:215 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 1 82 theme magnetic 177:184 arg1 microcapsules 196:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules 156:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) 156:216 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 5 83 theme X-ray 744:748 arg1 XRD 763:765 XRD 763:765 XRD 763:765 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 83 theme X-ray 744:748 arg1 diffraction 750:760 X-ray diffraction 744:760 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 744:766 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 84 theme surface 960:966 arg1 morphology 968:977 surface morphology 960:977 surface morphology 960:977 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 11 85 theme ICA 1832:1834 arg1 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 11 85 theme ICA 1832:1834 arg1 microcapsules 1880:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 7 86 theme stable 1153:1158 arg1 crosslinkers 1170:1181 stable inorganic crosslinkers 1153:1181 stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM 1153:1190 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 86 theme stable 1153:1158 arg1 nHA 1140:1142 nHA 1140:1142 nHA 1140:1142 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 86 theme stable 1153:1158 arg1 MNP 1132:1134 in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1108:1134 in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1108:1134 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 5 87 from microscopy 827:836 arg1 order 924:928 order 924:928 order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA 924:1040 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 5 88 from Calorimetry 900:910 arg1 order 924:928 order 924:928 order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA 924:1040 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 8 89 theme sustained 1317:1325 arg1 behavior 1335:1342 a sustained release behavior 1315:1342 a sustained release behavior 1315:1342 This makes ICA loaded microcapsules take on a sustained release behavior and results in the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates. 26735894 11 90 theme potential 1915:1923 arg1 applications 1925:1936 potential applications 1915:1936 potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair 1915:1976 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 2 91 theme chitosan/nano 403:415 arg1 microcapsules 441:453 magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 394:453 magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 394:453 The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. 26735894 0 92 theme biphasic-induced 22:37 arg1 composite 63:71 biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite 22:71 biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite 22:71 Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology. 26735894 1 93 theme burst 314:318 arg1 effect 320:325 drug burst effect 309:325 drug burst effect 309:325 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 4 94 theme flavonol 592:599 arg1 glycoside 601:609 a plant-derived flavonol glycoside 576:609 a plant-derived flavonol glycoside 576:609 Icariin (ICA), a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, was combined to study drug release properties of BIMCM. 26735894 4 94 theme flavonol 592:599 arg1 Icariin 561:567 Icariin 561:567 Icariin (ICA) 561:573 Icariin (ICA), a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, was combined to study drug release properties of BIMCM. 26735894 9 95 dep in 1460:1461 arg1 vitro 1463:1467 vitro 1463:1467 vitro 1463:1467 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 2 96 dep in 366:367 arg1 situ 369:372 situ 369:372 situ 369:372 The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. 26735894 10 97 theme MNP 1721:1723 arg1 introduction 1681:1692 successful introduction 1670:1692 successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP 1670:1723 These results demonstrated that successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP provided an alternative strategy because of magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 26735894 7 98 theme Fe3O4 1126:1130 arg1 crosslinkers 1170:1181 stable inorganic crosslinkers 1153:1181 stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM 1153:1190 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 98 theme Fe3O4 1126:1130 arg1 nHA 1140:1142 nHA 1140:1142 nHA 1140:1142 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 98 theme Fe3O4 1126:1130 arg1 MNP 1132:1134 in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1108:1134 in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP 1108:1134 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 7 99 theme chains 1263:1268 arg1 movability 1242:1251 the movability 1238:1251 the movability of the CS chains 1238:1268 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 3 100 theme Fe3O4 456:460 arg1 MNP 486:488 MNP 486:488 MNP 486:488 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and nHA were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step process. 26735894 3 100 theme Fe3O4 456:460 arg1 nanoparticles 471:483 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles 456:483 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) 456:489 Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and nHA were simultaneously in situ crystallized by one-step process. 26735894 6 101 dep showed 1061:1066 arg1 super-paramagnetic 1083:1100 super-paramagnetic 1083:1100 super-paramagnetic 1083:1100 The magnetic test showed the BIMCM were super-paramagnetic. 26735894 1 102 theme delivery 266:273 arg1 vehicle 275:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle 221:281 a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect 221:325 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 1 102 theme delivery 266:273 arg1 microcapsules 196:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules 156:208 the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) 156:216 This research aims to prepare the biphasic-induced magnetic composite microcapsules (BIMCM) as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle to dispose the problem of drug burst effect. 26735894 8 103 dep loaded 1286:1291 arg1 ICA 1282:1284 ICA 1282:1284 ICA 1282:1284 This makes ICA loaded microcapsules take on a sustained release behavior and results in the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates. 26735894 7 104 from crosslinkers 1170:1181 arg1 BIMCM 1186:1190 BIMCM 1186:1190 BIMCM 1186:1190 Both in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA serve as stable inorganic crosslinkers in BIMCM to form many intermolecular crosslinkages for the movability of the CS chains. 26735894 11 105 theme biphasic-induced 1843:1858 arg1 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 such 1816:1819 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 11 105 theme biphasic-induced 1843:1858 arg1 microcapsules 1880:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules 1822:1892 As such, the novel ICA loaded biphasic-induced magnetic CS/nHA/MNP microcapsules are expected to find potential applications in drug delivery system for bone repair. 26735894 8 106 theme morphology 1389:1398 arg1 self-adjusting 1363:1376 the self-adjusting 1359:1376 the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates 1359:1444 This makes ICA loaded microcapsules take on a sustained release behavior and results in the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates. 26735894 2 107 theme novel 350:354 arg1 technology 380:389 a novel automated in situ click technology 348:389 a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules 348:453 The paper presented a novel automated in situ click technology of magnetic chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) microcapsules. 26735894 5 108 from spectroscopy 723:734 arg1 order 924:928 order 924:928 order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA 924:1040 BIMCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TGA/DSC) in order to reveal their component and surface morphology as well as the role of the in situ generated Fe3O4 MNP and nHA. 26735894 9 109 theme AO/EB 1603:1607 arg1 test 1567:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 MTT test 1563:1570 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 9 109 theme AO/EB 1603:1607 arg1 method 1630:1635 AO/EB fluorescent staining method 1603:1635 AO/EB fluorescent staining method 1603:1635 In addition, in vitro tests were systematically carried out to examine the biocompatibility of the microcapsules by MTT test, Wright-Giemsa dying assay and AO/EB fluorescent staining method. 26735894 4 110 theme release 639:645 arg1 properties 647:656 drug release properties 634:656 drug release properties of BIMCM 634:665 Icariin (ICA), a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, was combined to study drug release properties of BIMCM. 26735894 8 111 theme decreasing 1401:1410 arg1 self-adjusting 1363:1376 the self-adjusting 1359:1376 the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates 1359:1444 This makes ICA loaded microcapsules take on a sustained release behavior and results in the self-adjusting of surface morphology, decreasing of swelling and degradation rates. 26735894 10 112 theme Fe3O4 1715:1719 arg1 MNP 1721:1723 the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP 1697:1723 the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP 1697:1723 These results demonstrated that successful introduction of the in situ click Fe3O4 MNP provided an alternative strategy because of magnetic sensitivity and sustained release. 27693690 9 0 from forward 1608:1614 arg1 recapitulation 1632:1645 the ultimate recapitulation 1619:1645 the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques 1619:1697 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 17 1 theme engineered 2894:2903 arg1 tissues 2905:2911 engineered tissues 2894:2911 engineered tissues 2894:2911 In the long term, the ability to acquire quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates will facilitate the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions. 27693690 17 2 theme tissues 2905:2911 arg1 design 2884:2889 the rational design 2871:2889 the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions 2871:2964 In the long term, the ability to acquire quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates will facilitate the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions. 27693690 10 3 theme ECM 1715:1717 arg1 method 1705:1710 This method 1700:1710 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis 1700:1747 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis allows for better understanding, and ultimately quality control, of matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation. 27693690 5 4 theme native 747:752 arg1 tissues 778:784 native and decellularized lung tissues 747:784 native and decellularized lung tissues 747:784 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 6 5 theme decellularization 916:932 arg1 technique 934:942 a mild decellularization technique 909:942 a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") 909:957 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 6 5 theme decellularization 916:932 arg1 " 956:956 "Triton/SDC" 945:956 "Triton/SDC" 945:956 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 12 6 theme potent 2187:2192 arg1 substrates 2194:2203 potent substrates 2187:2203 potent substrates for tissue regeneration 2187:2227 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 17 7 theme precise 2933:2939 arg1 interactions 2953:2964 precise cell-matrix interactions 2933:2964 precise cell-matrix interactions 2933:2964 In the long term, the ability to acquire quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates will facilitate the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions. 27693690 16 8 theme cell 2630:2633 arg1 adhesion 2635:2642 cell adhesion 2630:2642 cell adhesion 2630:2642 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 5 9 theme decellularized 758:771 arg1 tissues 778:784 native and decellularized lung tissues 747:784 native and decellularized lung tissues 747:784 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 16 10 theme decellularization 2539:2555 arg1 methods 2557:2563 two decellularization methods 2535:2563 two decellularization methods 2535:2563 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 9 11 theme important 1593:1601 arg1 step 1603:1606 an important step 1590:1606 an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques 1590:1697 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 15 12 theme targeted 2404:2411 arg1 proteomics 2413:2422 targeted proteomics 2404:2422 targeted proteomics 2404:2422 This paper uses targeted proteomics to definitively quantify 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds. 27693690 4 13 theme precise 467:473 arg1 understanding 475:487 precise understanding 467:487 precise understanding of the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds 467:565 However, precise understanding of the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds has sorely lagged behind their use. 27693690 10 14 theme analysis 1740:1747 arg1 method 1705:1710 This method 1700:1710 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis 1700:1747 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis allows for better understanding, and ultimately quality control, of matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation. 27693690 2 15 theme xenogeneic 306:315 arg1 matrix 331:336 human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix 297:336 human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix 297:336 Multiple regenerative medicine products currently in the clinic are comprised of human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix. 27693690 9 16 theme forward 1608:1614 arg1 step 1603:1606 an important step 1590:1606 an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques 1590:1697 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 6 17 theme near-native 970:980 arg1 retention 982:990 near-native retention 970:990 near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins 970:1074 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 14 18 theme exact 2318:2322 arg1 composition 2324:2334 the exact composition 2314:2334 the exact composition of these scaffolds 2314:2353 However, the exact composition of these scaffolds has been difficult to ascertain. 27693690 14 18 theme exact 2318:2322 arg1 difficult 2364:2372 difficult 2364:2372 difficult 2364:2372 However, the exact composition of these scaffolds has been difficult to ascertain. 27693690 7 19 theme lung 1217:1220 arg1 scaffolds 1222:1230 gently-decellularized lung scaffolds 1195:1230 gently-decellularized lung scaffolds 1195:1230 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 16 20 theme superior 2581:2588 arg1 retention 2590:2598 superior retention 2581:2598 superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions 2581:2753 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 8 21 theme decellularized 1347:1360 arg1 matrix 1362:1367 this new decellularized matrix 1338:1367 this new decellularized matrix 1338:1367 Cells seeded onto this new decellularized matrix also proliferate robustly, showing positive staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). 27693690 14 22 theme scaffolds 2345:2353 arg1 composition 2324:2334 the exact composition 2314:2334 the exact composition of these scaffolds 2314:2353 However, the exact composition of these scaffolds has been difficult to ascertain. 27693690 14 22 theme scaffolds 2345:2353 arg1 difficult 2364:2372 difficult 2364:2372 difficult 2364:2372 However, the exact composition of these scaffolds has been difficult to ascertain. 27693690 5 23 theme protein 631:637 arg1 method 650:655 an advanced protein extraction method 619:655 an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues 619:784 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 6 24 theme ECM-associated 1052:1065 arg1 proteins 1067:1074 ECM-associated proteins 1052:1074 ECM-associated proteins 1052:1074 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 15 25 from scaffolds 2491:2499 arg1 present 2461:2467 present 2461:2467 present 2461:2467 This paper uses targeted proteomics to definitively quantify 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds. 27693690 4 26 theme such 512:515 arg1 implants 544:551 such extracellular matrix-based implants 512:551 such extracellular matrix-based implants 512:551 However, precise understanding of the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds has sorely lagged behind their use. 27693690 8 27 theme nuclear 1445:1451 arg1 PCNA 1462:1465 PCNA 1462:1465 PCNA 1462:1465 Cells seeded onto this new decellularized matrix also proliferate robustly, showing positive staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). 27693690 8 27 theme nuclear 1445:1451 arg1 antigen 1453:1459 cell nuclear antigen 1440:1459 cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) 1440:1466 Cells seeded onto this new decellularized matrix also proliferate robustly, showing positive staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). 27693690 7 28 theme proteoglycans 1137:1149 arg1 Retention 1077:1085 Retention 1077:1085 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans 1077:1149 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 9 29 theme whole 1650:1654 arg1 organs 1656:1661 whole organs 1650:1661 whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques 1650:1697 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 12 30 theme inherent 2144:2151 arg1 cues 2153:2156 these inherent cues 2138:2156 these inherent cues 2138:2156 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 6 31 theme membrane 1039:1046 arg1 retention 982:990 near-native retention 970:990 near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins 970:1074 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 11 32 from medicine 1929:1936 arg1 general 1941:1947 general 1941:1947 general 1941:1947 These results should advance regenerative medicine in general, and whole organ regeneration in particular. 27693690 11 32 from medicine 1929:1936 arg1 particular 1982:1991 particular 1982:1991 particular 1982:1991 These results should advance regenerative medicine in general, and whole organ regeneration in particular. 27693690 4 33 theme matrix-based 531:542 arg1 implants 544:551 such extracellular matrix-based implants 512:551 such extracellular matrix-based implants 512:551 However, precise understanding of the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds has sorely lagged behind their use. 27693690 17 34 theme biochemical 2810:2820 arg1 data 2822:2825 quantitative biochemical data 2797:2825 quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates 2797:2853 In the long term, the ability to acquire quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates will facilitate the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions. 27693690 10 35 theme quality 1797:1803 arg1 control 1805:1811 quality control 1797:1811 quality control 1797:1811 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis allows for better understanding, and ultimately quality control, of matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation. 27693690 7 36 theme glycoproteins 1119:1131 arg1 Retention 1077:1085 Retention 1077:1085 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans 1077:1149 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 6 37 theme other 1024:1028 arg1 membrane 1039:1046 other basement membrane 1024:1046 other basement membrane 1024:1046 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 2 38 theme human 297:301 arg1 matrix 331:336 human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix 297:336 human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix 297:336 Multiple regenerative medicine products currently in the clinic are comprised of human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix. 27693690 1 39 theme key 159:161 arg1 component 163:171 a key component 157:171 a key component of many products in regenerative medicine 157:213 Extracellular matrix is a key component of many products in regenerative medicine. 27693690 1 39 theme key 159:161 arg1 matrix 147:152 Extracellular matrix 133:152 Extracellular matrix 133:152 Extracellular matrix is a key component of many products in regenerative medicine. 27693690 3 40 theme decellularized 386:399 arg1 scaffolds 418:426 scaffolds 418:426 scaffolds for organotypic cell culture 418:455 In addition, whole-organ regeneration exploits decellularized native organs as scaffolds for organotypic cell culture. 27693690 3 40 theme decellularized 386:399 arg1 organs 408:413 decellularized native organs 386:413 decellularized native organs 386:413 In addition, whole-organ regeneration exploits decellularized native organs as scaffolds for organotypic cell culture. 27693690 4 41 theme constituents 496:507 arg1 understanding 475:487 precise understanding 467:487 precise understanding of the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds 467:565 However, precise understanding of the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds has sorely lagged behind their use. 27693690 1 42 theme many 176:179 arg1 products 181:188 many products 176:188 many products 176:188 Extracellular matrix is a key component of many products in regenerative medicine. 27693690 17 43 theme organs 2917:2922 arg1 design 2884:2889 the rational design 2871:2889 the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions 2871:2964 In the long term, the ability to acquire quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates will facilitate the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions. 27693690 11 44 theme organ 1960:1964 arg1 regeneration 1966:1977 whole organ regeneration 1954:1977 whole organ regeneration in particular 1954:1991 These results should advance regenerative medicine in general, and whole organ regeneration in particular. 27693690 0 45 theme lung 104:107 arg1 matrices 123:130 detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices 79:130 detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices 79:130 Targeted proteomics effectively quantifies differences between native lung and detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices. 27693690 17 46 theme long 2763:2766 arg1 term 2768:2771 the long term 2759:2771 the long term 2759:2771 In the long term, the ability to acquire quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates will facilitate the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions. 27693690 12 47 theme tissues 2118:2124 arg1 properties 2104:2113 the biochemical and mechanical properties 2073:2113 the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs 2073:2135 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 5 48 theme 13C-labeled 695:705 arg1 peptides 707:714 proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides 683:714 proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides 683:714 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 15 49 theme ECM 2487:2489 arg1 scaffolds 2491:2499 acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2472:2499 acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2472:2499 This paper uses targeted proteomics to definitively quantify 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds. 27693690 9 50 theme high 1473:1476 arg1 fidelity 1478:1485 The high fidelity 1469:1485 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix 1469:1577 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 13 51 from laboratory 2293:2302 arg1 prevalent 2261:2269 prevalent 2261:2269 prevalent 2261:2269 As such, they are increasingly prevalent in the clinic and the laboratory. 27693690 15 52 theme present 2461:2467 arg1 proteins 2452:2459 71 proteins 2449:2459 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2449:2499 This paper uses targeted proteomics to definitively quantify 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds. 27693690 6 53 theme quantitative 793:804 arg1 proteomics 806:815 quantitative proteomics 793:815 quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins 793:893 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 0 54 theme Targeted 0:7 arg1 proteomics 9:18 Targeted proteomics 0:18 Targeted proteomics 0:18 Targeted proteomics effectively quantifies differences between native lung and detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices. 27693690 5 55 theme known 663:667 arg1 quantities 669:678 known quantities 663:678 known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides 663:714 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 3 56 theme organotypic 432:442 arg1 culture 449:455 organotypic cell culture 432:455 organotypic cell culture 432:455 In addition, whole-organ regeneration exploits decellularized native organs as scaffolds for organotypic cell culture. 27693690 15 57 attach present 2461:2467 arg1 scaffolds 2491:2499 acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2472:2499 acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2472:2499 This paper uses targeted proteomics to definitively quantify 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds. 27693690 15 57 attach present 2461:2467 arg2 proteins 2452:2459 71 proteins 2449:2459 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2449:2499 This paper uses targeted proteomics to definitively quantify 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds. 27693690 10 58 used used 1835:1838 arg2 matrices 1817:1824 matrices 1817:1824 matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation 1817:1884 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis allows for better understanding, and ultimately quality control, of matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation. 27693690 10 59 theme tissue 1844:1849 arg1 engineering 1851:1861 tissue engineering 1844:1861 tissue engineering 1844:1861 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis allows for better understanding, and ultimately quality control, of matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation. 27693690 7 60 theme decellularization 1293:1309 arg1 regimen 1311:1317 a previously published decellularization regimen 1270:1317 a previously published decellularization regimen 1270:1317 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 9 61 theme scaffold 1516:1523 arg1 fidelity 1478:1485 The high fidelity 1469:1485 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix 1469:1577 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 16 62 from differentiation 2675:2689 arg1 scaffolds 2694:2702 scaffolds 2694:2702 scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions 2694:2753 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 16 63 theme low-concentration 2717:2733 arg1 solutions 2745:2753 low-concentration detergent solutions 2717:2753 low-concentration detergent solutions 2717:2753 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 12 64 theme SIGNIFICANCE 2007:2018 arg1 STATEMENT 1994:2002 STATEMENT 1994:2002 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part 1994:2063 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 0 65 theme native 63:68 arg1 lung 70:73 native lung 63:73 native lung 63:73 Targeted proteomics effectively quantifies differences between native lung and detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices. 27693690 6 66 theme Triton/SDC 946:955 arg1 technique 934:942 a mild decellularization technique 909:942 a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") 909:957 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 6 66 theme Triton/SDC 946:955 arg1 " 956:956 "Triton/SDC" 945:956 "Triton/SDC" 945:956 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 12 67 theme extracellular 2024:2036 arg1 ECM 2046:2048 ECM 2046:2048 ECM 2046:2048 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 12 67 theme extracellular 2024:2036 arg1 matrix 2038:2043 The extracellular matrix 2020:2043 SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) 2007:2049 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 13 68 from prevalent 2261:2269 arg1 clinic 2278:2283 the clinic 2274:2283 the clinic 2274:2283 As such, they are increasingly prevalent in the clinic and the laboratory. 27693690 13 68 from prevalent 2261:2269 arg1 laboratory 2293:2302 the laboratory 2289:2302 the laboratory 2289:2302 As such, they are increasingly prevalent in the clinic and the laboratory. 27693690 7 69 gly glycoproteins 1119:1131 arg1 glycoproteins 1119:1131 glycoproteins 1119:1131 glycoproteins 1119:1131 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 11 70 theme regenerative 1916:1927 arg1 medicine 1929:1936 regenerative medicine 1916:1936 regenerative medicine in general 1916:1947 These results should advance regenerative medicine in general, and whole organ regeneration in particular. 27693690 6 71 theme large 863:867 arg1 number 869:874 a large number 861:874 a large number of matrix proteins 861:893 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 10 72 theme protein 1732:1738 arg1 analysis 1740:1747 scaffold protein analysis 1723:1747 scaffold protein analysis 1723:1747 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis allows for better understanding, and ultimately quality control, of matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation. 27693690 2 73 theme regenerative 225:236 arg1 products 247:254 Multiple regenerative medicine products 216:254 Multiple regenerative medicine products currently in the clinic 216:278 Multiple regenerative medicine products currently in the clinic are comprised of human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix. 27693690 16 74 theme important 2616:2624 arg1 proteins 2607:2614 ECM proteins 2603:2614 ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions 2603:2753 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 9 75 theme lung 1553:1556 arg1 matrix 1572:1577 the original lung extracellular matrix 1540:1577 the original lung extracellular matrix 1540:1577 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 12 76 theme tissue 2209:2214 arg1 regeneration 2216:2227 tissue regeneration 2209:2227 tissue regeneration 2209:2227 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 13 77 from clinic 2278:2283 arg1 prevalent 2261:2269 prevalent 2261:2269 prevalent 2261:2269 As such, they are increasingly prevalent in the clinic and the laboratory. 27693690 6 78 theme picomole-level 830:843 arg1 measurements 845:856 picomole-level measurements 830:856 picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins 830:893 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 6 79 theme proteoglycans 1005:1017 arg1 retention 982:990 near-native retention 970:990 near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins 970:1074 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 7 80 theme gently-decellularized 1195:1215 arg1 scaffolds 1222:1230 gently-decellularized lung scaffolds 1195:1230 gently-decellularized lung scaffolds 1195:1230 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 6 81 theme mild 911:914 arg1 technique 934:942 a mild decellularization technique 909:942 a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") 909:957 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 6 81 theme mild 911:914 arg1 " 956:956 "Triton/SDC" 945:956 "Triton/SDC" 945:956 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 15 82 theme lung 2482:2485 arg1 scaffolds 2491:2499 acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2472:2499 acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2472:2499 This paper uses targeted proteomics to definitively quantify 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds. 27693690 6 83 theme laminins 995:1002 arg1 retention 982:990 near-native retention 970:990 near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins 970:1074 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 17 84 theme cell-matrix 2941:2951 arg1 interactions 2953:2964 precise cell-matrix interactions 2933:2964 precise cell-matrix interactions 2933:2964 In the long term, the ability to acquire quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates will facilitate the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions. 27693690 2 85 theme extracellular 317:329 arg1 matrix 331:336 human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix 297:336 human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix 297:336 Multiple regenerative medicine products currently in the clinic are comprised of human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix. 27693690 1 86 theme regenerative 193:204 arg1 medicine 206:213 regenerative medicine 193:213 regenerative medicine 193:213 Extracellular matrix is a key component of many products in regenerative medicine. 27693690 2 87 from products 247:254 arg1 clinic 273:278 the clinic 269:278 the clinic 269:278 Multiple regenerative medicine products currently in the clinic are comprised of human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix. 27693690 15 88 from present 2461:2467 arg1 scaffolds 2491:2499 acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2472:2499 acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2472:2499 This paper uses targeted proteomics to definitively quantify 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds. 27693690 5 89 theme matrix 728:733 arg1 proteins 735:742 matrix proteins 728:742 matrix proteins 728:742 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 8 90 theme positive 1404:1411 arg1 staining 1413:1420 positive staining 1404:1420 positive staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) 1404:1466 Cells seeded onto this new decellularized matrix also proliferate robustly, showing positive staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). 27693690 6 91 theme proteins 886:893 arg1 number 869:874 a large number 861:874 a large number of matrix proteins 861:893 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 9 92 theme ultimate 1623:1630 arg1 recapitulation 1632:1645 the ultimate recapitulation 1619:1645 the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques 1619:1697 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 8 93 theme new 1343:1345 arg1 matrix 1362:1367 this new decellularized matrix 1338:1367 this new decellularized matrix 1338:1367 Cells seeded onto this new decellularized matrix also proliferate robustly, showing positive staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). 27693690 16 94 theme proteins 2607:2614 arg1 retention 2590:2598 superior retention 2581:2598 superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions 2581:2753 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 4 95 theme extracellular 517:529 arg1 implants 544:551 such extracellular matrix-based implants 512:551 such extracellular matrix-based implants 512:551 However, precise understanding of the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds has sorely lagged behind their use. 27693690 10 96 dep better 1760:1765 arg1 control 1805:1811 quality control 1797:1811 quality control 1797:1811 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis allows for better understanding, and ultimately quality control, of matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation. 27693690 10 96 dep better 1760:1765 arg1 understanding 1767:1779 understanding 1767:1779 understanding 1767:1779 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis allows for better understanding, and ultimately quality control, of matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation. 27693690 12 97 theme organs 2130:2135 arg1 properties 2104:2113 the biochemical and mechanical properties 2073:2113 the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs 2073:2135 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 11 98 from regeneration 1966:1977 arg1 general 1941:1947 general 1941:1947 general 1941:1947 These results should advance regenerative medicine in general, and whole organ regeneration in particular. 27693690 11 98 from regeneration 1966:1977 arg1 particular 1982:1991 particular 1982:1991 particular 1982:1991 These results should advance regenerative medicine in general, and whole organ regeneration in particular. 27693690 4 99 theme implants 544:551 arg1 constituents 496:507 the constituents 492:507 the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds 492:565 However, precise understanding of the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds has sorely lagged behind their use. 27693690 12 100 theme ECM 2173:2175 arg1 scaffolds 2177:2185 acellular ECM scaffolds 2163:2185 acellular ECM scaffolds 2163:2185 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 17 101 theme quantitative 2797:2808 arg1 data 2822:2825 quantitative biochemical data 2797:2825 quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates 2797:2853 In the long term, the ability to acquire quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates will facilitate the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions. 27693690 8 102 theme cell 1440:1443 arg1 PCNA 1462:1465 PCNA 1462:1465 PCNA 1462:1465 Cells seeded onto this new decellularized matrix also proliferate robustly, showing positive staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). 27693690 8 102 theme cell 1440:1443 arg1 antigen 1453:1459 cell nuclear antigen 1440:1459 cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) 1440:1466 Cells seeded onto this new decellularized matrix also proliferate robustly, showing positive staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). 27693690 5 103 theme lung 773:776 arg1 tissues 778:784 native and decellularized lung tissues 747:784 native and decellularized lung tissues 747:784 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 5 104 theme advanced 622:629 arg1 method 650:655 an advanced protein extraction method 619:655 an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues 619:784 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 9 105 theme organs 1656:1661 arg1 recapitulation 1632:1645 the ultimate recapitulation 1619:1645 the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques 1619:1697 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 6 106 theme basement 1030:1037 arg1 membrane 1039:1046 other basement membrane 1024:1046 other basement membrane 1024:1046 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 3 107 theme whole-organ 352:362 arg1 regeneration 364:375 whole-organ regeneration 352:375 whole-organ regeneration 352:375 In addition, whole-organ regeneration exploits decellularized native organs as scaffolds for organotypic cell culture. 27693690 5 108 theme extraction 639:648 arg1 method 650:655 an advanced protein extraction method 619:655 an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues 619:784 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 9 109 theme tissue-engineering 1669:1686 arg1 techniques 1688:1697 tissue-engineering techniques 1669:1697 tissue-engineering techniques 1669:1697 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 16 110 theme ECM 2603:2605 arg1 proteins 2607:2614 ECM proteins 2603:2614 ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions 2603:2753 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 17 111 theme biological 2833:2842 arg1 substrates 2844:2853 biological substrates 2833:2853 biological substrates 2833:2853 In the long term, the ability to acquire quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates will facilitate the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions. 27693690 0 112 theme detergent-decellularized 79:102 arg1 matrices 123:130 detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices 79:130 detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices 79:130 Targeted proteomics effectively quantifies differences between native lung and detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices. 27693690 16 113 from adhesion 2635:2642 arg1 scaffolds 2694:2702 scaffolds 2694:2702 scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions 2694:2753 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 7 114 theme important 1109:1117 arg1 glycoproteins 1119:1131 glycoproteins 1119:1131 glycoproteins 1119:1131 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 3 115 theme native 401:406 arg1 scaffolds 418:426 scaffolds 418:426 scaffolds for organotypic cell culture 418:455 In addition, whole-organ regeneration exploits decellularized native organs as scaffolds for organotypic cell culture. 27693690 3 115 theme native 401:406 arg1 organs 408:413 decellularized native organs 386:413 decellularized native organs 386:413 In addition, whole-organ regeneration exploits decellularized native organs as scaffolds for organotypic cell culture. 27693690 12 116 theme acellular 2163:2171 arg1 scaffolds 2177:2185 acellular ECM scaffolds 2163:2185 acellular ECM scaffolds 2163:2185 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 0 117 theme extracellular 109:121 arg1 matrices 123:130 detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices 79:130 detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices 79:130 Targeted proteomics effectively quantifies differences between native lung and detergent-decellularized lung extracellular matrices. 27693690 1 118 theme products 181:188 arg1 component 163:171 a key component 157:171 a key component of many products in regenerative medicine 157:213 Extracellular matrix is a key component of many products in regenerative medicine. 27693690 1 118 theme products 181:188 arg1 matrix 147:152 Extracellular matrix 133:152 Extracellular matrix 133:152 Extracellular matrix is a key component of many products in regenerative medicine. 27693690 17 119 theme rational 2875:2882 arg1 design 2884:2889 the rational design 2871:2889 the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions 2871:2964 In the long term, the ability to acquire quantitative biochemical data about biological substrates will facilitate the rational design of engineered tissues and organs based on precise cell-matrix interactions. 27693690 5 120 theme proteotypic 683:693 arg1 peptides 707:714 proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides 683:714 proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides 683:714 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 4 121 theme scaffolds 557:565 arg1 constituents 496:507 the constituents 492:507 the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds 492:565 However, precise understanding of the constituents of such extracellular matrix-based implants and scaffolds has sorely lagged behind their use. 27693690 7 122 dep glycoproteins 1119:1131 arg1 these 1090:1094 these 1090:1094 these 1090:1094 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 11 123 theme whole 1954:1958 arg1 regeneration 1966:1977 whole organ regeneration 1954:1977 whole organ regeneration in particular 1954:1991 These results should advance regenerative medicine in general, and whole organ regeneration in particular. 27693690 12 124 theme biochemical 2077:2087 arg1 properties 2104:2113 the biochemical and mechanical properties 2073:2113 the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs 2073:2135 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 5 125 theme peptides 707:714 arg1 quantities 669:678 known quantities 663:678 known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides 663:714 We present here an advanced protein extraction method using known quantities of proteotypic 13C-labeled peptides to quantify matrix proteins in native and decellularized lung tissues. 27693690 9 126 dep scaffold 1516:1523 arg1 compared 1528:1535 compared 1528:1535 compared to the original lung extracellular matrix 1528:1577 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 16 127 from proliferation 2656:2668 arg1 scaffolds 2694:2702 scaffolds 2694:2702 scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions 2694:2753 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 12 128 theme mechanical 2093:2102 arg1 properties 2104:2113 the biochemical and mechanical properties 2073:2113 the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs 2073:2135 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 1 129 from component 163:171 arg1 medicine 206:213 regenerative medicine 193:213 regenerative medicine 193:213 Extracellular matrix is a key component of many products in regenerative medicine. 27693690 16 130 from migration 2645:2653 arg1 scaffolds 2694:2702 scaffolds 2694:2702 scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions 2694:2753 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 15 131 theme acellular 2472:2480 arg1 scaffolds 2491:2499 acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2472:2499 acellular lung ECM scaffolds 2472:2499 This paper uses targeted proteomics to definitively quantify 71 proteins present in acellular lung ECM scaffolds. 27693690 12 132 theme large 2054:2058 arg1 part 2060:2063 large part 2054:2063 large part 2054:2063 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 1 133 theme Extracellular 133:145 arg1 component 163:171 a key component 157:171 a key component of many products in regenerative medicine 157:213 Extracellular matrix is a key component of many products in regenerative medicine. 27693690 1 133 theme Extracellular 133:145 arg1 matrix 147:152 Extracellular matrix 133:152 Extracellular matrix 133:152 Extracellular matrix is a key component of many products in regenerative medicine. 27693690 3 134 theme cell 444:447 arg1 culture 449:455 organotypic cell culture 432:455 organotypic cell culture 432:455 In addition, whole-organ regeneration exploits decellularized native organs as scaffolds for organotypic cell culture. 27693690 2 135 theme Multiple 216:223 arg1 products 247:254 Multiple regenerative medicine products 216:254 Multiple regenerative medicine products currently in the clinic 216:278 Multiple regenerative medicine products currently in the clinic are comprised of human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix. 27693690 12 136 dep SIGNIFICANCE 2007:2018 arg1 ECM 2046:2048 ECM 2046:2048 ECM 2046:2048 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 12 136 dep SIGNIFICANCE 2007:2018 arg1 matrix 2038:2043 The extracellular matrix 2020:2043 SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) 2007:2049 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 7 137 theme published 1283:1291 arg1 regimen 1311:1317 a previously published decellularization regimen 1270:1317 a previously published decellularization regimen 1270:1317 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 9 138 theme decellularized 1501:1514 arg1 scaffold 1516:1523 the gently decellularized scaffold 1490:1523 the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix 1490:1577 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 6 139 theme matrix 879:884 arg1 proteins 886:893 matrix proteins 879:893 matrix proteins 879:893 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 10 140 theme scaffold 1723:1730 arg1 analysis 1740:1747 scaffold protein analysis 1723:1747 scaffold protein analysis 1723:1747 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis allows for better understanding, and ultimately quality control, of matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation. 27693690 6 141 theme number 869:874 arg1 measurements 845:856 picomole-level measurements 830:856 picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins 830:893 Using quantitative proteomics that produce picomole-level measurements of a large number of matrix proteins, we show that a mild decellularization technique ("Triton/SDC") results in near-native retention of laminins, proteoglycans, and other basement membrane and ECM-associated proteins. 27693690 16 142 theme detergent 2735:2743 arg1 solutions 2745:2753 low-concentration detergent solutions 2717:2753 low-concentration detergent solutions 2717:2753 We use this technique to compare two decellularization methods and demonstrate superior retention of ECM proteins important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in scaffolds treated with low-concentration detergent solutions. 27693690 9 143 from recapitulation 1632:1645 arg1 forward 1608:1614 forward 1608:1614 forward 1608:1614 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 2 144 theme medicine 238:245 arg1 products 247:254 Multiple regenerative medicine products 216:254 Multiple regenerative medicine products currently in the clinic 216:278 Multiple regenerative medicine products currently in the clinic are comprised of human or xenogeneic extracellular matrix. 27693690 10 145 theme human 1867:1871 arg1 implantation 1873:1884 human implantation 1867:1884 human implantation 1867:1884 This method of ECM and scaffold protein analysis allows for better understanding, and ultimately quality control, of matrices that are used for tissue engineering and human implantation. 27693690 9 146 theme original 1544:1551 arg1 matrix 1572:1577 the original lung extracellular matrix 1540:1577 the original lung extracellular matrix 1540:1577 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 27693690 12 147 from STATEMENT 1994:2002 arg1 part 2060:2063 large part 2054:2063 large part 2054:2063 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) in large part defines the biochemical and mechanical properties of tissues and organs; these inherent cues make acellular ECM scaffolds potent substrates for tissue regeneration. 27693690 7 148 dep 27-fold 1177:1183 arg1 higher 1185:1190 higher 1185:1190 higher 1185:1190 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 7 148 dep 27-fold 1177:1183 arg1 to 1174:1175 to 1174:1175 to 1174:1175 Retention of these biologically important glycoproteins and proteoglycans is quantified to be up to 27-fold higher in gently-decellularized lung scaffolds compared to scaffolds generated using a previously published decellularization regimen. 27693690 9 149 theme extracellular 1558:1570 arg1 matrix 1572:1577 the original lung extracellular matrix 1540:1577 the original lung extracellular matrix 1540:1577 The high fidelity of the gently decellularized scaffold as compared to the original lung extracellular matrix represents an important step forward in the ultimate recapitulation of whole organs using tissue-engineering techniques. 25281100 1 0 theme carbon 435:440 arg1 GCE 453:455 GCE 453:455 GCE 453:455 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 0 theme carbon 435:440 arg1 electrode 442:450 a glassy carbon electrode 426:450 a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 426:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 6 1 theme particles 1369:1377 arg1 µm 1379:1380 682 particles µm(-2) 1365:1384 682 particles µm(-2) 1365:1384 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 6 1 theme particles 1369:1377 arg1 density 1356:1362 high density 1351:1362 high density (682 particles µm(-2)) 1351:1385 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 1 2 theme biosensing 266:275 arg1 system 277:282 a novel biosensing system 258:282 a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 258:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 3 3 theme background 941:950 arg1 presence 919:926 the presence 915:926 the presence of an uneven background 915:950 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 8 4 theme large 1654:1658 arg1 area 1682:1685 large electroactive surface area 1654:1685 large electroactive surface area 1654:1685 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 8 4 theme large 1654:1658 arg1 compatibility 1602:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 3 5 dep microscopic 887:897 arg1 SEM 900:902 SEM 900:902 SEM 900:902 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 0 6 theme biotin 225:230 arg1 biosensor 232:240 a novel biotin biosensor 217:240 a novel biotin biosensor 217:240 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 2 7 theme wide 585:588 arg1 range 590:594 a wide range 583:594 a wide range of applications in science and technology 583:636 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 4 8 theme scans 1032:1036 arg1 number 1005:1010 the number 1001:1010 the number of cyclic potential scans (N) 1001:1040 Different depositions were performed by varying the number of cyclic potential scans (N) during electroreduction step. 25281100 7 9 dep 44.0 1457:1460 arg1 to 1454:1455 to 1454:1455 to 1454:1455 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 5 10 theme deposits 1131:1138 arg1 properties 1113:1122 the physicochemical properties 1093:1122 the physicochemical properties of the deposits 1093:1138 It was observed that the physicochemical properties of the deposits were correlated to the performance of the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE with respect to BTN assay. 25281100 6 11 with particles 1318:1326 arg1 µm 1379:1380 682 particles µm(-2) 1365:1384 682 particles µm(-2) 1365:1384 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 6 11 with particles 1318:1326 arg1 density 1356:1362 high density 1351:1362 high density (682 particles µm(-2)) 1351:1385 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 8 12 theme electroactive 1660:1672 arg1 area 1682:1685 large electroactive surface area 1654:1685 large electroactive surface area 1654:1685 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 8 12 theme electroactive 1660:1672 arg1 compatibility 1602:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 7 13 theme mol 1528:1530 arg1 L 1532:1532 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1515:1536 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1515:1536 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 5 14 theme BTN 1216:1218 arg1 assay 1220:1224 BTN assay 1216:1224 BTN assay 1216:1224 It was observed that the physicochemical properties of the deposits were correlated to the performance of the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE with respect to BTN assay. 25281100 0 15 theme elegant 186:192 arg1 approach 194:201 an elegant approach 183:201 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 0:241 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 3 16 theme image 792:796 arg1 method 776:781 a pattern recognition method 754:781 a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background 754:950 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 3 16 theme image 792:796 arg1 processing 798:807 digital image processing 784:807 digital image processing 784:807 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 2 17 contain have 578:581 arg1 NPs 574:576 NPs 574:576 NPs 574:576 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 2 17 contain have 578:581 arg2 range 590:594 a wide range 583:594 a wide range of applications in science and technology 583:636 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 0 18 theme film 72:75 arg1 exploration 8:18 Surface exploration 0:18 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 0:241 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 8 19 theme PdFeNi/ChRTIL 1557:1569 arg1 sensitive 1703:1711 sensitive 1703:1711 sensitive 1703:1711 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 8 19 theme PdFeNi/ChRTIL 1557:1569 arg1 nanocomposite 1571:1583 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite 1553:1583 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite 1553:1583 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 7 20 theme × 1462:1462 arg1 L 1475:1475 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1450:1479 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1450:1479 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 2 21 theme transmission 679:690 arg1 TEM 713:715 TEM 713:715 TEM 713:715 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 2 21 theme transmission 679:690 arg1 microscopy 701:710 transmission electron microscopy 679:710 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 679:716 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 5 22 theme PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 1182:1198 arg1 performance 1163:1173 the performance 1159:1173 the performance of the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 1159:1198 It was observed that the physicochemical properties of the deposits were correlated to the performance of the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE with respect to BTN assay. 25281100 6 23 theme small-sized 1306:1316 arg1 nm 1342:1343 19.54 ± 6.27 nm 1329:1343 19.54 ± 6.27 nm 1329:1343 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 6 23 theme small-sized 1306:1316 arg1 particles 1318:1326 small-sized particles 1306:1326 small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) 1306:1385 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 3 24 theme recognition 764:774 arg1 method 776:781 a pattern recognition method 754:781 a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background 754:950 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 3 24 theme recognition 764:774 arg1 processing 798:807 digital image processing 784:807 digital image processing 784:807 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 0 25 theme deposited 110:118 arg1 nanoparticles 145:157 electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 92:157 electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 92:157 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 7 26 from L 1475:1475 arg1 range 1439:1443 a linear range 1430:1443 a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1430:1479 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 7 26 from L 1475:1475 arg1 limit 1487:1491 a limit 1485:1491 a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1485:1536 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 4 27 theme electroreduction 1049:1064 arg1 step 1066:1069 electroreduction step 1049:1069 electroreduction step 1049:1069 Different depositions were performed by varying the number of cyclic potential scans (N) during electroreduction step. 25281100 2 28 theme applications 599:610 arg1 range 590:594 a wide range 583:594 a wide range of applications in science and technology 583:636 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 0 29 theme trimetallic 127:137 arg1 nanoparticles 145:157 electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 92:157 electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 92:157 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 9 30 from samples 1891:1897 arg1 determination 1827:1839 the determination 1823:1839 the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1823:1897 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 8 31 theme enhanced 1617:1624 arg1 kinetics 1644:1651 enhanced electron transfer kinetics 1617:1651 enhanced electron transfer kinetics 1617:1651 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 8 31 theme enhanced 1617:1624 arg1 compatibility 1602:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 3 32 theme size 838:841 arg1 PSDs 858:861 PSDs 858:861 PSDs 858:861 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 3 32 theme size 838:841 arg1 distributions 843:855 particle size distributions 829:855 particle size distributions (PSDs) 829:862 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 4 33 theme Different 953:961 arg1 depositions 963:973 Different depositions 953:973 Different depositions 953:973 Different depositions were performed by varying the number of cyclic potential scans (N) during electroreduction step. 25281100 6 34 theme 19.54 1329:1333 arg1 nm 1342:1343 19.54 ± 6.27 nm 1329:1343 19.54 ± 6.27 nm 1329:1343 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 6 34 theme 19.54 1329:1333 arg1 particles 1318:1326 small-sized particles 1306:1326 small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) 1306:1385 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 0 35 theme Surface 0:6 arg1 exploration 8:18 Surface exploration 0:18 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 0:241 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 8 36 theme transfer 1635:1642 arg1 kinetics 1644:1651 enhanced electron transfer kinetics 1617:1651 enhanced electron transfer kinetics 1617:1651 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 8 36 theme transfer 1635:1642 arg1 compatibility 1602:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 9 37 theme BTN 1844:1846 arg1 determination 1827:1839 the determination 1823:1839 the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1823:1897 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 1 38 theme alloy 395:399 arg1 PdFeNi 375:380 PdFeNi 375:380 PdFeNi 375:380 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 38 theme alloy 395:399 arg1 NPs 416:418 NPs 416:418 NPs 416:418 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 38 theme alloy 395:399 arg1 nanoparticles 401:413 palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 352:413 palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) 352:419 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 9 39 theme infant 1851:1856 arg1 liver 1871:1875 infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1851:1897 liver 1871:1875 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 0 40 theme room-temperature 25:40 arg1 film 72:75 a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film 23:75 a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition 23:180 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 9 41 theme powder 1863:1868 arg1 liver 1871:1875 infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1851:1897 liver 1871:1875 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 1 42 theme ionic 491:495 arg1 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 42 theme ionic 491:495 arg1 film 533:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film 472:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 472:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 0 43 theme liquid-chitin 48:60 arg1 film 72:75 a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film 23:75 a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition 23:180 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 8 44 theme surface 1674:1680 arg1 area 1682:1685 large electroactive surface area 1654:1685 large electroactive surface area 1654:1685 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 8 44 theme surface 1674:1680 arg1 compatibility 1602:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 3 45 theme microscopic 887:897 arg1 images 905:910 scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images 869:910 scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images 869:910 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 9 46 from BTN 1844:1846 arg1 samples 1891:1897 infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1851:1897 samples 1891:1897 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 9 46 from BTN 1844:1846 arg1 liver 1871:1875 infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1851:1897 liver 1871:1875 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 2 47 from range 590:594 arg1 science 615:621 science 615:621 science 615:621 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 2 47 from range 590:594 arg1 technology 627:636 technology 627:636 technology 627:636 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 9 48 from determination 1827:1839 arg1 samples 1891:1897 infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1851:1897 samples 1891:1897 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 9 48 from determination 1827:1839 arg1 liver 1871:1875 infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1851:1897 liver 1871:1875 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 4 49 theme potential 1022:1030 arg1 N 1039:1039 N 1039:1039 N 1039:1039 Different depositions were performed by varying the number of cyclic potential scans (N) during electroreduction step. 25281100 4 49 theme potential 1022:1030 arg1 scans 1032:1036 cyclic potential scans 1015:1036 cyclic potential scans (N) 1015:1040 Different depositions were performed by varying the number of cyclic potential scans (N) during electroreduction step. 25281100 9 50 theme yolk 1886:1889 arg1 samples 1891:1897 infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1851:1897 samples 1891:1897 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 1 51 theme novel 260:264 arg1 system 277:282 a novel biosensing system 258:282 a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 258:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 3 52 theme uneven 934:939 arg1 background 941:950 an uneven background 931:950 an uneven background 931:950 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 0 53 theme novel 219:223 arg1 biosensor 232:240 a novel biotin biosensor 217:240 a novel biotin biosensor 217:240 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 2 54 theme X-ray 721:725 arg1 diffraction 727:737 X-ray diffraction 721:737 X-ray diffraction 721:737 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 6 55 theme ± 1335:1335 arg1 nm 1342:1343 19.54 ± 6.27 nm 1329:1343 19.54 ± 6.27 nm 1329:1343 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 6 55 theme ± 1335:1335 arg1 particles 1318:1326 small-sized particles 1306:1326 small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) 1306:1385 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 9 56 from liver 1871:1875 arg1 determination 1827:1839 the determination 1823:1839 the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1823:1897 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 6 57 theme electrodeposition 1268:1284 arg1 scans 1293:1297 eight electrodeposition cyclic scans 1262:1297 eight electrodeposition cyclic scans 1262:1297 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 1 58 theme nanoparticles 401:413 arg1 electrodeposition 331:347 electrodeposition 331:347 electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) 331:419 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 7 59 theme mol 1471:1473 arg1 L 1475:1475 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1450:1479 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1450:1479 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 0 60 dep approach 194:201 arg1 developing 206:215 developing 206:215 to developing a novel biotin biosensor 203:240 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 2 61 from applications 599:610 arg1 science 615:621 science 615:621 science 615:621 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 2 61 from applications 599:610 arg1 technology 627:636 technology 627:636 technology 627:636 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 6 62 theme best 1231:1234 arg1 results 1236:1242 The best results 1227:1242 The best results 1227:1242 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 7 63 theme L 1532:1532 arg1 LOD 1507:1509 LOD 1507:1509 LOD 1507:1509 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 7 63 theme L 1532:1532 arg1 detection 1496:1504 detection 1496:1504 detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1496:1536 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 2 64 from science 615:621 arg1 range 590:594 a wide range 583:594 a wide range of applications in science and technology 583:636 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 3 65 theme pattern 756:762 arg1 method 776:781 a pattern recognition method 754:781 a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background 754:950 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 3 65 theme pattern 756:762 arg1 processing 798:807 digital image processing 784:807 digital image processing 784:807 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 8 66 theme BTN 1743:1745 arg1 determination 1747:1759 BTN determination 1743:1759 BTN determination 1743:1759 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 1 67 theme glassy 428:433 arg1 GCE 453:455 GCE 453:455 GCE 453:455 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 67 theme glassy 428:433 arg1 electrode 442:450 a glassy carbon electrode 426:450 a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 426:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 3 68 used used 749:752 arg2 we 746:747 we 746:747 we 746:747 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 2 69 theme electron 692:699 arg1 TEM 713:715 TEM 713:715 TEM 713:715 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 2 69 theme electron 692:699 arg1 microscopy 701:710 transmission electron microscopy 679:710 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 679:716 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 2 70 from technology 627:636 arg1 range 590:594 a wide range 583:594 a wide range of applications in science and technology 583:636 NPs have a wide range of applications in science and technology and their sizes are often measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction. 25281100 3 71 theme particle 829:836 arg1 PSDs 858:861 PSDs 858:861 PSDs 858:861 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 3 71 theme particle 829:836 arg1 distributions 843:855 particle size distributions 829:855 particle size distributions (PSDs) 829:862 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 3 72 theme digital 784:790 arg1 method 776:781 a pattern recognition method 754:781 a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background 754:950 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 3 72 theme digital 784:790 arg1 processing 798:807 digital image processing 784:807 digital image processing 784:807 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 0 73 theme PdFeNi 120:125 arg1 nanoparticles 145:157 electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 92:157 electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 92:157 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 1 74 theme palladium-iron-nickel 352:372 arg1 PdFeNi 375:380 PdFeNi 375:380 PdFeNi 375:380 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 74 theme palladium-iron-nickel 352:372 arg1 NPs 416:418 NPs 416:418 NPs 416:418 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 74 theme palladium-iron-nickel 352:372 arg1 nanoparticles 401:413 palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 352:413 palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) 352:419 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 3 75 dep processing 798:807 arg1 DIP 810:812 DIP 810:812 DIP 810:812 Here, we used a pattern recognition method (digital image processing, DIP) for measuring particle size distributions (PSDs) from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the presence of an uneven background. 25281100 7 76 theme × 1519:1519 arg1 L 1532:1532 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1515:1536 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1515:1536 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 1 77 theme Ch 519:520 arg1 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 77 theme Ch 519:520 arg1 film 533:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film 472:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 472:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 0 78 theme alloy 139:143 arg1 nanoparticles 145:157 electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 92:157 electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 92:157 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 8 79 theme excellent 1592:1600 arg1 area 1682:1685 large electroactive surface area 1654:1685 large electroactive surface area 1654:1685 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 8 79 theme excellent 1592:1600 arg1 kinetics 1644:1651 enhanced electron transfer kinetics 1617:1651 enhanced electron transfer kinetics 1617:1651 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 8 79 theme excellent 1592:1600 arg1 compatibility 1602:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 1 80 theme composite 523:531 arg1 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 80 theme composite 523:531 arg1 film 533:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film 472:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 472:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 81 theme trimetallic 383:393 arg1 PdFeNi 375:380 PdFeNi 375:380 PdFeNi 375:380 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 81 theme trimetallic 383:393 arg1 NPs 416:418 NPs 416:418 NPs 416:418 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 81 theme trimetallic 383:393 arg1 nanoparticles 401:413 palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles 352:413 palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) 352:419 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 6 82 theme high 1351:1354 arg1 µm 1379:1380 682 particles µm(-2) 1365:1384 682 particles µm(-2) 1365:1384 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 6 82 theme high 1351:1354 arg1 density 1356:1362 high density 1351:1362 high density (682 particles µm(-2)) 1351:1385 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 5 83 theme physicochemical 1097:1111 arg1 properties 1113:1122 the physicochemical properties 1093:1122 the physicochemical properties of the deposits 1093:1138 It was observed that the physicochemical properties of the deposits were correlated to the performance of the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE with respect to BTN assay. 25281100 8 84 theme electron 1626:1633 arg1 kinetics 1644:1651 enhanced electron transfer kinetics 1617:1651 enhanced electron transfer kinetics 1617:1651 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 8 84 theme electron 1626:1633 arg1 compatibility 1602:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 excellent compatibility 1592:1614 The PdFeNi/ChRTIL nanocomposite showed excellent compatibility, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, large electroactive surface area, and was highly sensitive, selective, and stable toward BTN determination. 25281100 7 85 theme detection 1496:1504 arg1 range 1439:1443 a linear range 1430:1443 a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1430:1479 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 7 85 theme detection 1496:1504 arg1 limit 1487:1491 a limit 1485:1491 a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1485:1536 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 0 86 theme ionic 42:46 arg1 film 72:75 a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film 23:75 a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition 23:180 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 1 87 theme biotin 309:314 arg1 determination 292:304 the determination 288:304 the determination of biotin (BTN) 288:320 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 7 88 theme linear 1432:1437 arg1 range 1439:1443 a linear range 1430:1443 a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) 1430:1479 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 9 89 theme milk 1858:1861 arg1 liver 1871:1875 infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1851:1897 liver 1871:1875 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 1 90 theme room-temperature 474:489 arg1 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 90 theme room-temperature 474:489 arg1 film 533:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film 472:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 472:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 6 91 theme cyclic 1286:1291 arg1 scans 1293:1297 eight electrodeposition cyclic scans 1262:1297 eight electrodeposition cyclic scans 1262:1297 The best results were obtained for eight electrodeposition cyclic scans, where small-sized particles (19.54 ± 6.27 nm) with high density (682 particles µm(-2)) were obtained. 25281100 0 92 theme composite 62:70 arg1 film 72:75 a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film 23:75 a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition 23:180 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 0 93 theme pattern 162:168 arg1 recognition 170:180 pattern recognition 162:180 pattern recognition 162:180 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 1 94 theme liquid 497:502 arg1 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 94 theme liquid 497:502 arg1 film 533:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film 472:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 472:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 7 95 theme optimized 1408:1416 arg1 conditions 1418:1427 optimized conditions 1408:1427 optimized conditions 1408:1427 Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 2.0 to 44.0 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) were obtained. 25281100 1 96 theme RTIL 505:508 arg1 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 96 theme RTIL 505:508 arg1 film 533:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film 472:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 472:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 0 97 dep exploration 8:18 arg1 approach 194:201 an elegant approach 183:201 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 0:241 Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: an elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. 25281100 4 98 theme cyclic 1015:1020 arg1 N 1039:1039 N 1039:1039 N 1039:1039 Different depositions were performed by varying the number of cyclic potential scans (N) during electroreduction step. 25281100 4 98 theme cyclic 1015:1020 arg1 scans 1032:1036 cyclic potential scans 1015:1036 cyclic potential scans (N) 1015:1040 Different depositions were performed by varying the number of cyclic potential scans (N) during electroreduction step. 25281100 9 99 theme egg 1882:1884 arg1 samples 1891:1897 infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples 1851:1897 samples 1891:1897 Finally, the PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE was satisfactorily applied to the determination of BTN in infant milk powder, liver, and egg yolk samples. 25281100 1 100 theme -chitin 510:516 arg1 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE 539:555 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 25281100 1 100 theme -chitin 510:516 arg1 film 533:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film 472:536 a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) 472:556 In this study, a novel biosensing system for the determination of biotin (BTN) based on electrodeposition of palladium-iron-nickel (PdFeNi) trimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-chitin (Ch) composite film (PdFeNi/ChRTIL/GCE) is established. 27457209 5 0 theme gaseous 683:689 arg1 reduction 691:699 gaseous reduction 683:699 gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques 683:862 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 10 1 theme sulfide 1722:1728 arg1 presence 1705:1712 the presence 1701:1712 the presence of zinc sulfide (ZnS) 1701:1734 Both SEM-EDS and XPS analysis confirmed the presence of zinc sulfide (ZnS) in the beads, which is likely formed by reacting nZnO with H2S. 27457209 5 2 theme alginate-nZnO 802:814 arg1 beads 817:821 nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads 777:821 nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads 777:821 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 1 3 theme human 223:227 arg1 welfare 229:235 human welfare 223:235 human welfare 223:235 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases' emission from livestock production facilities are of concern to human welfare and the environment. 27457209 5 4 theme reduction 691:699 arg1 mechanism 670:678 the mechanism 666:678 the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques 666:862 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 10 5 theme XPS 1678:1680 arg1 analysis 1682:1689 XPS analysis 1678:1689 XPS analysis 1678:1689 Both SEM-EDS and XPS analysis confirmed the presence of zinc sulfide (ZnS) in the beads, which is likely formed by reacting nZnO with H2S. 27457209 3 6 theme human 447:451 arg1 health 453:458 human health 447:458 human health 447:458 Application of bare NPs, however, could have an adverse effect on plants, soil, human health, and the environment. 27457209 2 7 theme potential 310:318 arg1 option 320:325 a potential option 308:325 a potential option for minimizing these gaseous emissions 308:364 Application of nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as a potential option for minimizing these gaseous emissions. 27457209 8 8 theme Scanning 1261:1268 arg1 SEM 1291:1293 SEM 1291:1293 SEM 1291:1293 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 8 8 theme Scanning 1261:1268 arg1 Microscopy 1279:1288 Scanning Electron Microscopy 1261:1288 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 1261:1294 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 0 9 theme gaseous 78:84 arg1 emission 86:93 gaseous emission 78:93 gaseous emission from swine manure 78:111 Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure. 27457209 9 10 from nZnO 1623:1626 arg1 effect 1611:1616 the microbial inhibitory effect 1586:1616 the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion 1586:1658 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 7 11 theme Real-Time 1140:1148 arg1 Reaction 1167:1174 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction 1140:1174 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction 1140:1174 The microbial analysis of manure was carried out using bacterial plate counts and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods. 27457209 7 12 theme manure 1084:1089 arg1 analysis 1072:1079 The microbial analysis 1058:1079 The microbial analysis of manure 1058:1089 The microbial analysis of manure was carried out using bacterial plate counts and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods. 27457209 0 13 theme swine 100:104 arg1 manure 106:111 swine manure 100:111 swine manure 100:111 Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure. 27457209 7 14 theme Polymerase 1150:1159 arg1 Reaction 1167:1174 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction 1140:1174 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction 1140:1174 The microbial analysis of manure was carried out using bacterial plate counts and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods. 27457209 7 15 theme microbial 1062:1070 arg1 analysis 1072:1079 The microbial analysis 1058:1079 The microbial analysis of manure 1058:1089 The microbial analysis of manure was carried out using bacterial plate counts and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods. 27457209 5 16 theme oxide 747:751 arg1 nanoparticles 753:765 zinc oxide nanoparticles 742:765 zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) 742:772 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 5 16 theme oxide 747:751 arg1 nZnO 768:771 nZnO 768:771 nZnO 768:771 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 9 17 dep 99 1464:1465 arg1 to 1461:1462 to 1461:1462 to 1461:1462 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 1 18 theme greenhouse 141:150 arg1 emission 159:166 greenhouse gases' emission 141:166 greenhouse gases' emission 141:166 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases' emission from livestock production facilities are of concern to human welfare and the environment. 27457209 9 19 theme inhibitory 1600:1609 arg1 effect 1611:1616 the microbial inhibitory effect 1586:1616 the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion 1586:1658 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 6 20 theme 2-6-day 926:932 arg1 intervals 934:942 2-6-day intervals 926:942 2-6-day intervals 926:942 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks were collected in 2-6-day intervals during the experimental period and were analyzed for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and H2S concentrations. 27457209 8 21 theme Electron 1270:1277 arg1 SEM 1291:1293 SEM 1291:1293 SEM 1291:1293 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 8 21 theme Electron 1270:1277 arg1 Microscopy 1279:1288 Scanning Electron Microscopy 1261:1288 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 1261:1294 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 4 22 theme polymeric 569:577 arg1 beads 579:583 polymeric beads 569:583 polymeric beads 569:583 To minimize NPs' exposure to the environment by recovering them, NPs were entrapped in polymeric beads for treating livestock manure. 27457209 7 23 theme bacterial 1113:1121 arg1 counts 1129:1134 bacterial plate counts 1113:1134 bacterial plate counts 1113:1134 The microbial analysis of manure was carried out using bacterial plate counts and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods. 27457209 7 24 theme plate 1123:1127 arg1 counts 1129:1134 bacterial plate counts 1113:1134 bacterial plate counts 1113:1134 The microbial analysis of manure was carried out using bacterial plate counts and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods. 27457209 5 25 with days 732:735 arg1 nanoparticles 753:765 zinc oxide nanoparticles 742:765 zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) 742:772 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 5 25 with days 732:735 arg1 nZnO 768:771 nZnO 768:771 nZnO 768:771 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 5 25 with days 732:735 arg1 beads 817:821 nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads 777:821 nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads 777:821 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 2 26 theme gaseous 348:354 arg1 emissions 356:364 these gaseous emissions 342:364 these gaseous emissions 342:364 Application of nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as a potential option for minimizing these gaseous emissions. 27457209 7 27 dep counts 1129:1134 arg1 methods 1176:1182 methods 1176:1182 methods 1176:1182 The microbial analysis of manure was carried out using bacterial plate counts and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods. 27457209 5 28 theme nZnO-entrapped 777:790 arg1 beads 817:821 nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads 777:821 nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads 777:821 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 0 29 theme oxide 25:29 arg1 beads 60:64 zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads 20:64 zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure 20:111 Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure. 27457209 6 30 theme manure 894:899 arg1 flasks 901:906 treated manure flasks 886:906 treated manure flasks 886:906 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks were collected in 2-6-day intervals during the experimental period and were analyzed for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and H2S concentrations. 27457209 6 31 theme H2S 1038:1040 arg1 concentrations 1042:1055 H2S concentrations 1038:1055 H2S concentrations 1038:1055 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks were collected in 2-6-day intervals during the experimental period and were analyzed for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and H2S concentrations. 27457209 8 32 theme Dispersive 1304:1313 arg1 Spectroscopy 1315:1326 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy 1297:1326 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) 1297:1332 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 8 32 theme Dispersive 1304:1313 arg1 EDS 1329:1331 EDS 1329:1331 EDS 1329:1331 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 3 33 theme adverse 415:421 arg1 effect 423:428 an adverse effect 412:428 an adverse effect 412:428 Application of bare NPs, however, could have an adverse effect on plants, soil, human health, and the environment. 27457209 0 34 theme zinc 20:23 arg1 beads 60:64 zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads 20:64 zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure 20:111 Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure. 27457209 6 35 theme treated 886:892 arg1 flasks 901:906 treated manure flasks 886:906 treated manure flasks 886:906 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks were collected in 2-6-day intervals during the experimental period and were analyzed for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and H2S concentrations. 27457209 9 36 theme bare 1402:1405 arg1 beads 1393:1397 Alginate-nZnO beads 1379:1397 Alginate-nZnO beads 1379:1397 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 9 36 theme bare 1402:1405 arg1 nZnO 1407:1410 bare nZnO 1402:1410 bare nZnO 1402:1410 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 9 36 theme bare 1402:1405 arg1 NP 1438:1439 an effective NP 1425:1439 an effective NP 1425:1439 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 8 37 theme Photoelectron 1345:1357 arg1 Spectroscopy 1359:1370 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 1339:1370 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 1339:1376 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 8 37 theme Photoelectron 1345:1357 arg1 XPS 1373:1375 XPS 1373:1375 XPS 1373:1375 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 2 38 theme nanoparticles 273:285 arg1 Application 258:268 Application 258:268 Application of nanoparticles (NPs) 258:291 Application of nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as a potential option for minimizing these gaseous emissions. 27457209 1 39 theme livestock 173:181 arg1 facilities 194:203 livestock production facilities 173:203 livestock production facilities 173:203 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases' emission from livestock production facilities are of concern to human welfare and the environment. 27457209 3 40 theme bare 382:385 arg1 NPs 387:389 bare NPs 382:389 bare NPs 382:389 Application of bare NPs, however, could have an adverse effect on plants, soil, human health, and the environment. 27457209 6 41 from flasks 901:906 arg1 gases 875:879 Headspace gases 865:879 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks 865:906 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks were collected in 2-6-day intervals during the experimental period and were analyzed for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and H2S concentrations. 27457209 3 42 contain have 407:410 arg2 effect 423:428 an adverse effect 412:428 an adverse effect 412:428 Application of bare NPs, however, could have an adverse effect on plants, soil, human health, and the environment. 27457209 3 42 contain have 407:410 arg1 Application 367:377 Application 367:377 Application of bare NPs 367:389 Application of bare NPs, however, could have an adverse effect on plants, soil, human health, and the environment. 27457209 5 43 theme research 638:645 arg1 objectives 620:629 The objectives 616:629 The objectives of the research 616:645 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 1 44 theme production 183:192 arg1 facilities 194:203 livestock production facilities 173:203 livestock production facilities 173:203 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases' emission from livestock production facilities are of concern to human welfare and the environment. 27457209 0 45 theme nanoparticle 31:42 arg1 beads 60:64 zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads 20:64 zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure 20:111 Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure. 27457209 3 46 theme NPs 387:389 arg1 Application 367:377 Application 367:377 Application of bare NPs 367:389 Application of bare NPs, however, could have an adverse effect on plants, soil, human health, and the environment. 27457209 8 47 theme Energy 1297:1302 arg1 Spectroscopy 1315:1326 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy 1297:1326 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) 1297:1332 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 8 47 theme Energy 1297:1302 arg1 EDS 1329:1331 EDS 1329:1331 EDS 1329:1331 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 9 48 theme microbial 1590:1598 arg1 effect 1611:1616 the microbial inhibitory effect 1586:1616 the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion 1586:1658 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 9 49 theme Alginate-nZnO 1379:1391 arg1 beads 1393:1397 Alginate-nZnO beads 1379:1397 Alginate-nZnO beads 1379:1397 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 9 49 theme Alginate-nZnO 1379:1391 arg1 nZnO 1407:1410 bare nZnO 1402:1410 bare nZnO 1402:1410 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 9 49 theme Alginate-nZnO 1379:1391 arg1 NP 1438:1439 an effective NP 1425:1439 an effective NP 1425:1439 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 8 50 theme chemical 1200:1207 arg1 composition 1209:1219 chemical composition 1200:1219 chemical composition 1200:1219 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 6 51 theme Headspace 865:873 arg1 gases 875:879 Headspace gases 865:879 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks 865:906 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks were collected in 2-6-day intervals during the experimental period and were analyzed for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and H2S concentrations. 27457209 9 52 theme anaerobic 1526:1534 arg1 conditions 1536:1545 anaerobic conditions 1526:1545 anaerobic conditions 1526:1545 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 1 53 from facilities 194:203 arg1 H2S 132:134 H2S 132:134 H2S 132:134 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases' emission from livestock production facilities are of concern to human welfare and the environment. 27457209 1 53 from facilities 194:203 arg1 sulfide 123:129 Hydrogen sulfide 114:129 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) 114:135 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases' emission from livestock production facilities are of concern to human welfare and the environment. 27457209 1 53 from facilities 194:203 arg1 emission 159:166 greenhouse gases' emission 141:166 greenhouse gases' emission 141:166 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases' emission from livestock production facilities are of concern to human welfare and the environment. 27457209 8 54 theme alginate-nZnO 1224:1236 arg1 beads 1238:1242 alginate-nZnO beads 1224:1242 alginate-nZnO beads 1224:1242 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 0 55 theme nZnO 45:48 arg1 beads 60:64 zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads 20:64 zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure 20:111 Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure. 27457209 10 56 theme zinc 1717:1720 arg1 ZnS 1731:1733 ZnS 1731:1733 ZnS 1731:1733 Both SEM-EDS and XPS analysis confirmed the presence of zinc sulfide (ZnS) in the beads, which is likely formed by reacting nZnO with H2S. 27457209 10 56 theme zinc 1717:1720 arg1 sulfide 1722:1728 zinc sulfide 1717:1728 zinc sulfide (ZnS) 1717:1734 Both SEM-EDS and XPS analysis confirmed the presence of zinc sulfide (ZnS) in the beads, which is likely formed by reacting nZnO with H2S. 27457209 9 57 theme effective 1428:1436 arg1 beads 1393:1397 Alginate-nZnO beads 1379:1397 Alginate-nZnO beads 1379:1397 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 9 57 theme effective 1428:1436 arg1 nZnO 1407:1410 bare nZnO 1402:1410 bare nZnO 1402:1410 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 9 57 theme effective 1428:1436 arg1 NP 1438:1439 an effective NP 1425:1439 an effective NP 1425:1439 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 8 58 theme X-ray 1339:1343 arg1 Spectroscopy 1359:1370 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 1339:1370 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 1339:1376 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 8 58 theme X-ray 1339:1343 arg1 XPS 1373:1375 XPS 1373:1375 XPS 1373:1375 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 7 59 theme Chain 1161:1165 arg1 Reaction 1167:1174 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction 1140:1174 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction 1140:1174 The microbial analysis of manure was carried out using bacterial plate counts and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods. 27457209 5 60 from reduction 691:699 arg1 manure 710:715 swine manure 704:715 swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques 704:862 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 9 61 theme chemical 1640:1647 arg1 conversion 1649:1658 chemical conversion 1640:1658 chemical conversion 1640:1658 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 1 62 theme Hydrogen 114:121 arg1 H2S 132:134 H2S 132:134 H2S 132:134 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases' emission from livestock production facilities are of concern to human welfare and the environment. 27457209 1 62 theme Hydrogen 114:121 arg1 sulfide 123:129 Hydrogen sulfide 114:129 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) 114:135 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases' emission from livestock production facilities are of concern to human welfare and the environment. 27457209 9 63 from conversion 1649:1658 arg1 effect 1611:1616 the microbial inhibitory effect 1586:1616 the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion 1586:1658 Alginate-nZnO beads or bare nZnO proved to be an effective NP in reducing H2S (up to 99%), CH4 (49-72%), and CO2 (46-62%) from manure stored under anaerobic conditions and these reductions are likely due to the microbial inhibitory effect from nZnO, as well as chemical conversion. 27457209 6 64 theme experimental 955:966 arg1 period 968:973 the experimental period 951:973 the experimental period 951:973 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks were collected in 2-6-day intervals during the experimental period and were analyzed for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and H2S concentrations. 27457209 5 65 from mechanism 670:678 arg1 manure 710:715 swine manure 704:715 swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques 704:862 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 8 66 theme beads 1238:1242 arg1 composition 1209:1219 chemical composition 1200:1219 chemical composition 1200:1219 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 8 66 theme beads 1238:1242 arg1 Morphology 1185:1194 Morphology 1185:1194 Morphology 1185:1194 Morphology and chemical composition of alginate-nZnO beads were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). 27457209 5 67 theme characterization 836:851 arg1 techniques 853:862 different characterization techniques 826:862 different characterization techniques 826:862 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 5 68 theme different 826:834 arg1 techniques 853:862 different characterization techniques 826:862 different characterization techniques 826:862 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 0 69 theme beads 60:64 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure. 0:112 Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure. 27457209 6 70 theme carbon 1012:1017 arg1 CO2 1028:1030 CO2 1028:1030 CO2 1028:1030 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks were collected in 2-6-day intervals during the experimental period and were analyzed for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and H2S concentrations. 27457209 6 70 theme carbon 1012:1017 arg1 dioxide 1019:1025 carbon dioxide 1012:1025 carbon dioxide (CO2) 1012:1031 Headspace gases from treated manure flasks were collected in 2-6-day intervals during the experimental period and were analyzed for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and H2S concentrations. 27457209 5 71 theme zinc 742:745 arg1 oxide 747:751 zinc oxide 742:751 zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) 742:772 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 5 72 theme alginate 792:799 arg1 beads 817:821 nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads 777:821 nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads 777:821 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 0 73 theme alginate 51:58 arg1 beads 60:64 zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads 20:64 zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure 20:111 Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure. 27457209 5 74 from manure 710:715 arg1 mechanism 670:678 the mechanism 666:678 the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques 666:862 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 5 75 theme swine 704:708 arg1 manure 710:715 swine manure 704:715 swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques 704:862 The objectives of the research were to understand the mechanism of gaseous reduction in swine manure treated for 33 days with zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) or nZnO-entrapped alginate (alginate-nZnO) beads by different characterization techniques. 27457209 4 76 theme livestock 598:606 arg1 manure 608:613 livestock manure 598:613 livestock manure 598:613 To minimize NPs' exposure to the environment by recovering them, NPs were entrapped in polymeric beads for treating livestock manure. 27457209 0 77 from manure 106:111 arg1 emission 86:93 gaseous emission 78:93 gaseous emission from swine manure 78:111 Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle (nZnO) alginate beads in reducing gaseous emission from swine manure. 25213025 9 0 theme cluster 1531:1537 arg1 species 1544:1550 Clostridium cluster XIVa species 1519:1550 Clostridium cluster XIVa species 1519:1550 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 6 1 theme fatty 971:975 arg1 acids 977:981 Short-chain fatty acids 959:981 Short-chain fatty acids 959:981 Short-chain fatty acids, i.e. acetate, propionate and butyrate, were also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25213025 3 2 theme diet-induced 443:454 arg1 obesity 456:462 diet-induced obesity 443:462 diet-induced obesity 443:462 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 3 2 theme diet-induced 443:454 arg1 model 467:471 a model 465:471 a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies 465:555 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 6 3 theme gas 1046:1048 arg1 spectrometry 1070:1081 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 1046:1081 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 1046:1081 Short-chain fatty acids, i.e. acetate, propionate and butyrate, were also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25213025 7 4 theme treatment 1102:1110 arg1 end 1091:1093 the end 1087:1093 the end of the treatment 1087:1110 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 25213025 4 5 theme present 573:579 arg1 study 581:585 the present study 569:585 the present study 569:585 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 4 6 theme microbial 747:755 arg1 composition 757:767 the basal microbial composition 737:767 the basal microbial composition 737:767 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 1 7 theme gut 168:170 arg1 microbiota 172:181 the gut microbiota 164:181 the gut microbiota 164:181 The gastrointestinal tract harbours a 'superorganism' called the gut microbiota, which is known to play a crucial role in the onset and development of diverse diseases. 25213025 3 8 used used 490:493 arg2 obesity 456:462 diet-induced obesity 443:462 diet-induced obesity 443:462 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 3 8 used used 490:493 arg2 model 467:471 a model 465:471 a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies 465:555 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 3 9 theme obese 520:524 arg1 phenotype 526:534 the obese phenotype 516:534 the obese phenotype of Western societies 516:555 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 9 10 theme relative 1614:1621 arg1 abundance 1623:1631 the relative abundance 1610:1631 the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species 1610:1667 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 12 11 theme differences 1999:2009 arg1 relevance 1946:1954 the relevance 1942:1954 the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level 1942:2026 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 3 12 theme Western 539:545 arg1 societies 547:555 Western societies 539:555 Western societies 539:555 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 7 13 theme class 1230:1234 arg1 level 1236:1240 class level 1230:1240 class level 1230:1240 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 25213025 12 14 theme species 2014:2020 arg1 level 2022:2026 species level 2014:2026 species level 2014:2026 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 3 15 theme societies 547:555 arg1 phenotype 526:534 the obese phenotype 516:534 the obese phenotype of Western societies 516:555 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 4 16 theme metabolic 643:651 arg1 changes 653:659 associated metabolic changes 632:659 associated metabolic changes 632:659 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 9 17 theme specific 1642:1649 arg1 species 1661:1667 other specific bacterial species 1636:1667 other specific bacterial species 1636:1667 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 12 18 theme characterising 1959:1972 arg1 differences 1999:2009 characterising gut microbial population differences 1959:2009 characterising gut microbial population differences 1959:2009 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 9 19 theme species 1661:1667 arg1 abundance 1623:1631 the relative abundance 1610:1631 the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species 1610:1667 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 8 20 theme HFS 1379:1381 arg1 diet 1383:1386 HFS diet 1379:1386 HFS diet treatment 1379:1396 Interestingly, the class Clostridia showed a significant decrease after HFS diet treatment, which correlated with visceral adipose tissue, and is likely mediated by dietary carbohydrates. 25213025 4 21 theme microbiota 607:616 arg1 dysbiosis 618:626 gut microbiota dysbiosis 603:626 gut microbiota dysbiosis 603:626 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 9 22 dep identified 1596:1605 arg1 ventriosum 1707:1716 Eubacterium ventriosum 1695:1716 Eubacterium ventriosum 1695:1716 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 9 22 dep identified 1596:1605 arg1 sp 1731:1732 Clostridium sp 1719:1732 Clostridium sp 1719:1732 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 9 22 dep identified 1596:1605 arg1 Mitsuokella 1670:1680 Mitsuokella 1670:1680 Mitsuokella 1670:1680 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 0 23 from Shifts 0:5 arg1 model 68:72 a dietary model 58:72 a dietary model 58:72 Shifts in microbiota species and fermentation products in a dietary model enriched in fat and sucrose. 25213025 0 23 from Shifts 0:5 arg1 species 21:27 microbiota species 10:27 microbiota species 10:27 Shifts in microbiota species and fermentation products in a dietary model enriched in fat and sucrose. 25213025 0 23 from Shifts 0:5 arg1 products 46:53 fermentation products 33:53 fermentation products 33:53 Shifts in microbiota species and fermentation products in a dietary model enriched in fat and sucrose. 25213025 12 24 theme inflammatory 2155:2166 arg1 function 2195:2202 intestinal barrier function 2176:2202 intestinal barrier function 2176:2202 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 12 24 theme inflammatory 2155:2166 arg1 development 2216:2226 obesity development 2208:2226 obesity development 2208:2226 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 12 24 theme inflammatory 2155:2166 arg1 status 2168:2173 the inflammatory status 2151:2173 the inflammatory status 2151:2173 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 12 25 theme intestinal 2176:2185 arg1 function 2195:2202 intestinal barrier function 2176:2202 intestinal barrier function 2176:2202 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 12 25 theme intestinal 2176:2185 arg1 status 2168:2173 the inflammatory status 2151:2173 the inflammatory status 2151:2173 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 11 26 theme Eubacterium 1820:1830 arg1 cylindroides 1832:1843 BNL1100 and Eubacterium cylindroides) 1808:1844 cylindroides 1832:1843 BNL1100 and Eubacterium cylindroides) that, in some cases, showed opposite trends to their relative families. 25213025 11 27 theme BNL1100 1808:1814 arg1 cylindroides 1832:1843 BNL1100 and Eubacterium cylindroides) 1808:1844 cylindroides 1832:1843 BNL1100 and Eubacterium cylindroides) that, in some cases, showed opposite trends to their relative families. 25213025 9 28 theme Clostridium 1719:1729 arg1 sp 1731:1732 Clostridium sp 1719:1732 Clostridium sp 1719:1732 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 9 28 theme Clostridium 1719:1729 arg1 Mitsuokella 1670:1680 Mitsuokella 1670:1680 Mitsuokella 1670:1680 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 8 29 theme adipose 1430:1436 arg1 tissue 1438:1443 visceral adipose tissue 1421:1443 visceral adipose tissue 1421:1443 Interestingly, the class Clostridia showed a significant decrease after HFS diet treatment, which correlated with visceral adipose tissue, and is likely mediated by dietary carbohydrates. 25213025 4 30 theme male 673:676 arg1 rats 685:688 male Wistar rats 673:688 male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks 673:715 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 3 31 theme high-fat 406:413 arg1 diets 429:433 high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets 406:433 high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets 406:433 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 0 32 theme microbiota 10:19 arg1 species 21:27 microbiota species 10:27 microbiota species 10:27 Shifts in microbiota species and fermentation products in a dietary model enriched in fat and sucrose. 25213025 10 33 theme Clostridium 1768:1778 arg1 FCB90-3 1735:1741 FCB90-3 1735:1741 FCB90-3 1735:1741 FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. 25213025 10 33 theme Clostridium 1768:1778 arg1 fusiformis 1780:1789 Clostridium fusiformis 1768:1789 Clostridium fusiformis 1768:1789 FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. 25213025 12 34 theme bacterial 2106:2114 arg1 species 2116:2122 specific gut bacterial species 2093:2122 specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development 2093:2226 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 1 35 theme diverse 254:260 arg1 diseases 262:269 diverse diseases 254:269 diverse diseases 254:269 The gastrointestinal tract harbours a 'superorganism' called the gut microbiota, which is known to play a crucial role in the onset and development of diverse diseases. 25213025 5 36 theme 16S 903:905 arg1 gene 928:931 the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 899:931 the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 899:931 For this purpose, DNA extracted from faeces at baseline and after treatment was analysed by amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene using 454 pyrosequencing. 25213025 5 37 theme DNA 917:919 arg1 gene 928:931 the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 899:931 the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 899:931 For this purpose, DNA extracted from faeces at baseline and after treatment was analysed by amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene using 454 pyrosequencing. 25213025 6 38 dep acetate 989:995 arg1 i.e. 984:987 i.e. 984:987 i.e. 984:987 Short-chain fatty acids, i.e. acetate, propionate and butyrate, were also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25213025 5 39 theme V4-V6 883:887 arg1 region 889:894 the V4-V6 region 879:894 the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 879:931 For this purpose, DNA extracted from faeces at baseline and after treatment was analysed by amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene using 454 pyrosequencing. 25213025 8 40 theme dietary 1472:1478 arg1 carbohydrates 1480:1492 dietary carbohydrates 1472:1492 dietary carbohydrates 1472:1492 Interestingly, the class Clostridia showed a significant decrease after HFS diet treatment, which correlated with visceral adipose tissue, and is likely mediated by dietary carbohydrates. 25213025 12 41 theme specific 2093:2100 arg1 species 2116:2122 specific gut bacterial species 2093:2122 specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development 2093:2226 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 2 42 theme static 314:319 arg1 environment 321:331 a static environment 312:331 a static environment 312:331 This internal ecosystem, far from being a static environment, can be manipulated by diet and dietary components. 25213025 9 43 theme Clostridium 1519:1529 arg1 species 1544:1550 Clostridium cluster XIVa species 1519:1550 Clostridium cluster XIVa species 1519:1550 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 7 44 theme microbiota 1117:1126 arg1 composition 1128:1138 gut microbiota composition 1113:1138 gut microbiota composition 1113:1138 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 25213025 10 45 dep sp 1804:1805 arg1 FCB90-3 1735:1741 FCB90-3 1735:1741 FCB90-3 1735:1741 FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. 25213025 10 45 dep sp 1804:1805 arg1 nanceiensis 1755:1765 Prevotella nanceiensis 1744:1765 Prevotella nanceiensis 1744:1765 FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. 25213025 10 45 dep sp 1804:1805 arg1 fusiformis 1780:1789 Clostridium fusiformis 1768:1789 Clostridium fusiformis 1768:1789 FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. 25213025 1 46 theme crucial 209:215 arg1 role 217:220 a crucial role 207:220 a crucial role 207:220 The gastrointestinal tract harbours a 'superorganism' called the gut microbiota, which is known to play a crucial role in the onset and development of diverse diseases. 25213025 12 47 theme obesity 2208:2214 arg1 development 2216:2226 obesity development 2208:2226 obesity development 2208:2226 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 12 47 theme obesity 2208:2214 arg1 status 2168:2173 the inflammatory status 2151:2173 the inflammatory status 2151:2173 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 9 48 theme XIVa 1539:1542 arg1 species 1544:1550 Clostridium cluster XIVa species 1519:1550 Clostridium cluster XIVa species 1519:1550 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 6 49 theme Short-chain 959:969 arg1 acids 977:981 Short-chain fatty acids 959:981 Short-chain fatty acids 959:981 Short-chain fatty acids, i.e. acetate, propionate and butyrate, were also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25213025 12 50 theme microbial 1978:1986 arg1 differences 1999:2009 characterising gut microbial population differences 1959:2009 characterising gut microbial population differences 1959:2009 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 11 51 theme relative 1899:1906 arg1 families 1908:1915 their relative families 1893:1915 their relative families 1893:1915 BNL1100 and Eubacterium cylindroides) that, in some cases, showed opposite trends to their relative families. 25213025 4 52 theme basal 741:745 arg1 composition 757:767 the basal microbial composition 737:767 the basal microbial composition 737:767 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 4 53 theme study 581:585 arg1 aim 562:564 The aim 558:564 The aim of the present study 558:585 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 3 54 with animals 393:399 arg1 diets 429:433 high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets 406:433 high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets 406:433 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 8 55 theme class 1326:1330 arg1 Clostridia 1332:1341 the class Clostridia 1322:1341 the class Clostridia 1322:1341 Interestingly, the class Clostridia showed a significant decrease after HFS diet treatment, which correlated with visceral adipose tissue, and is likely mediated by dietary carbohydrates. 25213025 12 56 theme gut 1974:1976 arg1 differences 1999:2009 characterising gut microbial population differences 1959:2009 characterising gut microbial population differences 1959:2009 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 12 57 theme plausible 2061:2069 arg1 link 2071:2074 the plausible link 2057:2074 the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development 2057:2226 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 8 58 theme significant 1352:1362 arg1 decrease 1364:1371 a significant decrease 1350:1371 a significant decrease 1350:1371 Interestingly, the class Clostridia showed a significant decrease after HFS diet treatment, which correlated with visceral adipose tissue, and is likely mediated by dietary carbohydrates. 25213025 12 59 theme population 1988:1997 arg1 differences 1999:2009 characterising gut microbial population differences 1959:2009 characterising gut microbial population differences 1959:2009 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 5 60 theme rDNA 922:925 arg1 gene 928:931 the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 899:931 the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 899:931 For this purpose, DNA extracted from faeces at baseline and after treatment was analysed by amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene using 454 pyrosequencing. 25213025 10 61 theme Prevotella 1744:1753 arg1 FCB90-3 1735:1741 FCB90-3 1735:1741 FCB90-3 1735:1741 FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. 25213025 10 61 theme Prevotella 1744:1753 arg1 nanceiensis 1755:1765 Prevotella nanceiensis 1744:1765 Prevotella nanceiensis 1744:1765 FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. 25213025 1 62 theme gastrointestinal 107:122 arg1 tract 124:128 The gastrointestinal tract 103:128 The gastrointestinal tract 103:128 The gastrointestinal tract harbours a 'superorganism' called the gut microbiota, which is known to play a crucial role in the onset and development of diverse diseases. 25213025 9 63 theme other 1636:1640 arg1 species 1661:1667 other specific bacterial species 1636:1667 other specific bacterial species 1636:1667 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 4 64 theme associated 632:641 arg1 changes 653:659 associated metabolic changes 632:659 associated metabolic changes 632:659 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 0 65 theme dietary 60:66 arg1 model 68:72 a dietary model 58:72 a dietary model 58:72 Shifts in microbiota species and fermentation products in a dietary model enriched in fat and sucrose. 25213025 5 66 theme gene 928:931 arg1 region 889:894 the V4-V6 region 879:894 the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 879:931 For this purpose, DNA extracted from faeces at baseline and after treatment was analysed by amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene using 454 pyrosequencing. 25213025 11 67 theme opposite 1874:1881 arg1 trends 1883:1888 opposite trends 1874:1888 opposite trends 1874:1888 BNL1100 and Eubacterium cylindroides) that, in some cases, showed opposite trends to their relative families. 25213025 9 68 theme bacterial 1651:1659 arg1 species 1661:1667 other specific bacterial species 1636:1667 other specific bacterial species 1636:1667 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 8 69 theme diet 1383:1386 arg1 treatment 1388:1396 HFS diet treatment 1379:1396 HFS diet treatment 1379:1396 Interestingly, the class Clostridia showed a significant decrease after HFS diet treatment, which correlated with visceral adipose tissue, and is likely mediated by dietary carbohydrates. 25213025 6 70 theme chromatography-mass 1050:1068 arg1 spectrometry 1070:1081 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 1046:1081 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 1046:1081 Short-chain fatty acids, i.e. acetate, propionate and butyrate, were also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25213025 1 71 dep onset 229:233 arg1 the 225:227 the 225:227 the 225:227 The gastrointestinal tract harbours a 'superorganism' called the gut microbiota, which is known to play a crucial role in the onset and development of diverse diseases. 25213025 4 72 theme gut 603:605 arg1 dysbiosis 618:626 gut microbiota dysbiosis 603:626 gut microbiota dysbiosis 603:626 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 7 73 dep level 1173:1177 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1192:1204 Bacteroidetes 1192:1204 Bacteroidetes 1192:1204 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 25213025 7 73 dep level 1173:1177 arg1 Firmicutes 1180:1189 Firmicutes 1180:1189 Firmicutes 1180:1189 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 25213025 7 73 dep level 1173:1177 arg1 Proteobacteria 1210:1223 Proteobacteria 1210:1223 Proteobacteria 1210:1223 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 25213025 12 74 theme barrier 2187:2193 arg1 function 2195:2202 intestinal barrier function 2176:2202 intestinal barrier function 2176:2202 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 12 74 theme barrier 2187:2193 arg1 status 2168:2173 the inflammatory status 2151:2173 the inflammatory status 2151:2173 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 4 75 theme Wistar 678:683 arg1 rats 685:688 male Wistar rats 673:688 male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks 673:715 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 7 76 dep differed 1154:1161 arg1 Bacilli 1297:1303 Bacilli 1297:1303 Bacilli 1297:1303 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 25213025 7 76 dep differed 1154:1161 arg1 Bacteroidia 1281:1291 Bacteroidia 1281:1291 Bacteroidia 1281:1291 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 25213025 7 76 dep differed 1154:1161 arg1 Deltaproteobacteria 1260:1278 Deltaproteobacteria 1260:1278 Deltaproteobacteria 1260:1278 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 25213025 8 77 theme visceral 1421:1428 arg1 tissue 1438:1443 visceral adipose tissue 1421:1443 visceral adipose tissue 1421:1443 Interestingly, the class Clostridia showed a significant decrease after HFS diet treatment, which correlated with visceral adipose tissue, and is likely mediated by dietary carbohydrates. 25213025 3 78 theme Feeding 385:391 arg1 animals 393:399 Feeding animals 385:399 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets 385:433 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 12 79 from level 2022:2026 arg1 relevance 1946:1954 the relevance 1942:1954 the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level 1942:2026 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 2 80 theme dietary 365:371 arg1 components 373:382 dietary components 365:382 dietary components 365:382 This internal ecosystem, far from being a static environment, can be manipulated by diet and dietary components. 25213025 3 81 theme sucrose 415:421 arg1 diets 429:433 high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets 406:433 high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets 406:433 Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. 25213025 0 82 theme fermentation 33:44 arg1 products 46:53 fermentation products 33:53 fermentation products 33:53 Shifts in microbiota species and fermentation products in a dietary model enriched in fat and sucrose. 25213025 7 83 theme phylum 1166:1171 arg1 level 1173:1177 phylum level 1166:1177 phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) 1166:1224 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 25213025 12 84 theme gut 2102:2104 arg1 species 2116:2122 specific gut bacterial species 2093:2122 specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development 2093:2226 These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. 25213025 1 85 theme diseases 262:269 arg1 development 239:249 development 239:249 development 239:249 The gastrointestinal tract harbours a 'superorganism' called the gut microbiota, which is known to play a crucial role in the onset and development of diverse diseases. 25213025 1 85 theme diseases 262:269 arg1 onset 229:233 onset 229:233 onset 229:233 The gastrointestinal tract harbours a 'superorganism' called the gut microbiota, which is known to play a crucial role in the onset and development of diverse diseases. 25213025 5 86 theme ribosomal 907:915 arg1 gene 928:931 the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 899:931 the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 899:931 For this purpose, DNA extracted from faeces at baseline and after treatment was analysed by amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene using 454 pyrosequencing. 25213025 9 87 theme particular 1498:1507 arg1 interest 1509:1516 particular interest 1498:1516 particular interest 1498:1516 Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. 25213025 10 88 theme Clostridium 1792:1802 arg1 sp 1804:1805 Clostridium sp 1792:1805 Clostridium sp 1792:1805 FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. 25213025 4 89 theme HFS 696:698 arg1 diet 700:703 a HFS diet 694:703 a HFS diet for 6 weeks 694:715 The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. 25213025 2 90 theme internal 277:284 arg1 ecosystem 286:294 This internal ecosystem 272:294 This internal ecosystem 272:294 This internal ecosystem, far from being a static environment, can be manipulated by diet and dietary components. 25213025 5 91 theme region 889:894 arg1 amplification 862:874 amplification 862:874 amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 862:931 For this purpose, DNA extracted from faeces at baseline and after treatment was analysed by amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene using 454 pyrosequencing. 25213025 7 92 theme gut 1113:1115 arg1 composition 1128:1138 gut microbiota composition 1113:1138 gut microbiota composition 1113:1138 At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). 24449791 2 0 theme novel 85:89 arg1 strain 107:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 5 1 theme 16S 600:602 arg1 similarity 623:632 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 600:632 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 600:632 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 5 1 theme 16S 600:602 arg1 % 644:644 91.9-95.1% 635:644 91.9-95.1% 635:644 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 14 2 theme gen. 1566:1569 arg1 nov. 1571:1574 Mumia flava gen. nov. 1554:1574 Mumia flava gen. nov. 1554:1574 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 2 theme gen. 1566:1569 arg1 phylogenetic 1429:1440 phylogenetic 1429:1440 phylogenetic 1429:1440 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 4 3 theme gene 342:345 arg1 analysis 356:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 201T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. 24449791 5 4 theme gene 609:612 arg1 similarity 623:632 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 600:632 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 600:632 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 5 4 theme gene 609:612 arg1 % 644:644 91.9-95.1% 635:644 91.9-95.1% 635:644 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 10 5 theme predominant 1100:1110 arg1 menaquinone 1112:1122 The predominant menaquinone 1096:1122 The predominant menaquinone 1096:1122 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 24449791 10 5 theme predominant 1100:1110 arg1 MK-9 1128:1131 MK-9 1128:1131 MK-9(H4) 1128:1135 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 24449791 2 6 theme State 222:226 arg1 city 207:210 the capital city 195:210 the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia 195:238 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 2 6 theme State 222:226 arg1 Kuantan 186:192 Kuantan 186:192 Kuantan 186:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 5 7 theme MUSC 464:467 arg1 201T 469:472 Strain MUSC 201T 457:472 Strain MUSC 201T 457:472 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 7 8 contain contained 816:824 arg2 acid 844:847 ll-diaminopimelic acid 826:847 ll-diaminopimelic acid 826:847 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan type was A3γ. 24449791 7 8 contain contained 816:824 arg1 peptidoglycan 802:814 The peptidoglycan 798:814 The peptidoglycan 798:814 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan type was A3γ. 24449791 5 9 theme Nocardioides 586:597 arg1 members 564:570 the members 560:570 the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%) 560:726 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 4 10 theme 16S 333:335 arg1 analysis 356:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 201T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. 24449791 5 11 theme Aeromicrobium 648:660 arg1 members 564:570 the members 560:570 the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%) 560:726 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 13 12 theme mol 1407:1409 arg1 content 1386:1392 The DNA G+C content 1374:1392 The DNA G+C content 1374:1392 The DNA G+C content was 72.0±0.1 mol%. 24449791 13 12 theme mol 1407:1409 arg1 % 1410:1410 72.0±0.1 mol% 1398:1410 72.0±0.1 mol% 1398:1410 The DNA G+C content was 72.0±0.1 mol%. 24449791 4 13 theme novel 410:414 arg1 lineage 416:422 a novel lineage 408:422 a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria 408:454 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 201T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. 24449791 12 14 theme cellular 1286:1293 arg1 C18:1ω9c 1312:1319 C18:1ω9c 1312:1319 C18:1ω9c (30.8%) 1312:1327 The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω9c (30.8%), C16:0 (24.1%), and 10-methyl C18:0 (13.9%). 24449791 12 14 theme cellular 1286:1293 arg1 acids 1301:1305 The major cellular fatty acids 1276:1305 The major cellular fatty acids 1276:1305 The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω9c (30.8%), C16:0 (24.1%), and 10-methyl C18:0 (13.9%). 24449791 14 15 theme phenotypic 1446:1455 arg1 differences 1457:1467 phenotypic differences 1446:1467 phenotypic differences 1446:1467 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 16 theme novel 1529:1533 arg1 genus 1535:1539 a novel genus 1527:1539 a novel genus 1527:1539 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 5 17 theme family 505:510 arg1 Nocardioidaceae 512:526 the family Nocardioidaceae 501:526 the family Nocardioidaceae 501:526 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 16 18 theme flava 1625:1629 arg1 strain 1609:1614 The type strain 1600:1614 The type strain of Mumia flava 1600:1629 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 16 18 theme flava 1625:1629 arg1 201T 1639:1642 MUSC 201T 1634:1642 MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T) 1634:1683 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 2 19 theme Pahang 215:220 arg1 State 222:226 Pahang State 215:226 Pahang State 215:226 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 13 20 theme G+C 1382:1384 arg1 content 1386:1392 The DNA G+C content 1374:1392 The DNA G+C content 1374:1392 The DNA G+C content was 72.0±0.1 mol%. 24449791 13 20 theme G+C 1382:1384 arg1 % 1410:1410 72.0±0.1 mol% 1398:1410 72.0±0.1 mol% 1398:1410 The DNA G+C content was 72.0±0.1 mol%. 24449791 16 21 theme MUSC 1634:1637 arg1 strain 1609:1614 The type strain 1600:1614 The type strain of Mumia flava 1600:1629 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 16 21 theme MUSC 1634:1637 arg1 109973T 1676:1682 =DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T 1645:1682 =DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T 1645:1682 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 16 21 theme MUSC 1634:1637 arg1 201T 1639:1642 MUSC 201T 1634:1642 MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T) 1634:1683 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 4 22 theme MUSC 386:389 arg1 201T 391:394 strain MUSC 201T 379:394 strain MUSC 201T 379:394 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 201T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. 24449791 5 23 theme Marmoricola 676:686 arg1 members 564:570 the members 560:570 the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%) 560:726 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 14 24 theme family 1503:1508 arg1 Nocardioidaceae 1510:1524 the family Nocardioidaceae 1499:1524 the family Nocardioidaceae 1499:1524 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 2 25 theme capital 199:205 arg1 city 207:210 the capital city 195:210 the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia 195:238 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 2 25 theme capital 199:205 arg1 Kuantan 186:192 Kuantan 186:192 Kuantan 186:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 5 26 theme distinct 483:490 arg1 clade 492:496 a distinct clade 481:496 a distinct clade 481:496 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 14 27 dep sp 1577:1578 arg1 nov. 1571:1574 Mumia flava gen. nov. 1554:1574 Mumia flava gen. nov. 1554:1574 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 27 dep sp 1577:1578 arg1 phylogenetic 1429:1440 phylogenetic 1429:1440 phylogenetic 1429:1440 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 27 dep sp 1577:1578 arg1 differences 1457:1467 phenotypic differences 1446:1467 phenotypic differences 1446:1467 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 8 28 theme cell 930:933 arg1 wall 935:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall 912:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall 912:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 16 29 theme 27763T=MCCC 1650:1660 arg1 109973T 1676:1682 =DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T 1645:1682 =DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T 1645:1682 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 16 29 theme 27763T=MCCC 1650:1660 arg1 201T 1639:1642 MUSC 201T 1634:1642 MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T) 1634:1683 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 3 30 theme polyphasic 300:309 arg1 approach 311:318 a polyphasic approach 298:318 a polyphasic approach 298:318 The taxonomic status of this strain was determined using a polyphasic approach. 24449791 7 31 theme diagnostic 852:861 arg1 acid 871:874 diagnostic diamino acid 852:874 diagnostic diamino acid 852:874 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan type was A3γ. 24449791 14 32 theme Mumia 1554:1558 arg1 nov. 1571:1574 Mumia flava gen. nov. 1554:1574 Mumia flava gen. nov. 1554:1574 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 32 theme Mumia 1554:1558 arg1 phylogenetic 1429:1440 phylogenetic 1429:1440 phylogenetic 1429:1440 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 4 33 theme class 435:439 arg1 Actinobacteria 441:454 the class Actinobacteria 431:454 the class Actinobacteria 431:454 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 201T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. 24449791 0 34 theme Mumia 0:4 arg1 nov. 17:20 Mumia flava gen. nov. 0:20 Mumia flava gen. nov. 0:20 Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 1 35 theme family 59:64 arg1 Nocardioidaceae 66:80 the family Nocardioidaceae 55:80 the family Nocardioidaceae 55:80 nov., an actinobacterium of the family Nocardioidaceae. 24449791 2 36 from city 207:210 arg1 Malaysia 231:238 Malaysia 231:238 Malaysia 231:238 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 8 37 contain contained 940:948 arg2 alanine 1001:1007 alanine 1001:1007 alanine 1001:1007 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 8 37 contain contained 940:948 arg1 wall 935:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall 912:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall 912:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 8 37 contain contained 940:948 arg1 ratio 1020:1024 a molar ratio 1012:1024 a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5 1012:1043 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 8 37 contain contained 940:948 arg2 glycine 974:980 glycine 974:980 glycine 974:980 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 8 37 contain contained 940:948 arg2 wall 935:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall 912:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall 912:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 8 37 contain contained 940:948 arg2 acid 992:995 glutamic acid 983:995 glutamic acid 983:995 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 8 37 contain contained 940:948 arg2 acid 968:971 ll-diaminopimelic acid 950:971 ll-diaminopimelic acid 950:971 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 0 38 theme gen. 12:15 arg1 nov. 17:20 Mumia flava gen. nov. 0:20 Mumia flava gen. nov. 0:20 Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 8 39 theme glutamic 983:990 arg1 acid 992:995 glutamic acid 983:995 glutamic acid 983:995 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 6 40 theme strain 747:752 arg1 cells 733:737 The cells 729:737 The cells of this strain 729:752 The cells of this strain were irregular coccoid to short rod shaped. 24449791 6 40 theme strain 747:752 arg1 irregular 759:767 irregular 759:767 irregular 759:767 The cells of this strain were irregular coccoid to short rod shaped. 24449791 5 41 theme Kribbella 705:713 arg1 members 564:570 the members 560:570 the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%) 560:726 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 16 42 theme Mumia 1619:1623 arg1 flava 1625:1629 Mumia flava 1619:1629 Mumia flava 1619:1629 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 8 43 theme molar 1014:1018 arg1 ratio 1020:1024 a molar ratio 1012:1024 a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5 1012:1043 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 14 44 dep phylogenetic 1429:1440 arg1 basis 1420:1424 basis 1420:1424 basis 1420:1424 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 44 dep phylogenetic 1429:1440 arg1 the 1416:1418 the 1416:1418 the 1416:1418 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 2 45 theme actinobacterial 91:105 arg1 strain 107:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 4 46 theme sequence 347:354 arg1 analysis 356:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 201T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. 24449791 5 47 theme rRNA 604:607 arg1 similarity 623:632 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 600:632 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 600:632 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 5 47 theme rRNA 604:607 arg1 % 644:644 91.9-95.1% 635:644 91.9-95.1% 635:644 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 14 48 theme flava 1560:1564 arg1 nov. 1571:1574 Mumia flava gen. nov. 1554:1574 Mumia flava gen. nov. 1554:1574 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 48 theme flava 1560:1564 arg1 phylogenetic 1429:1440 phylogenetic 1429:1440 phylogenetic 1429:1440 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 2 49 theme MUSC 126:129 arg1 201T 131:134 MUSC 201T 126:134 MUSC 201T 126:134 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 14 50 from members 1474:1480 arg1 nov. 1571:1574 Mumia flava gen. nov. 1554:1574 Mumia flava gen. nov. 1554:1574 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 50 from members 1474:1480 arg1 phylogenetic 1429:1440 phylogenetic 1429:1440 phylogenetic 1429:1440 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 50 from members 1474:1480 arg1 differences 1457:1467 phenotypic differences 1446:1467 phenotypic differences 1446:1467 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 5 51 theme Strain 457:462 arg1 201T 469:472 Strain MUSC 201T 457:472 Strain MUSC 201T 457:472 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 4 52 theme Comparative 321:331 arg1 analysis 356:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 201T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. 24449791 11 53 theme unknown 1253:1259 arg1 phospholipids 1261:1273 four unknown phospholipids 1248:1273 four unknown phospholipids 1248:1273 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, glycolipid and four unknown phospholipids. 24449791 5 54 theme genera 579:584 arg1 Nocardioides 586:597 the genera Nocardioides 575:597 the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%) 575:645 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 4 55 theme rRNA 337:340 arg1 analysis 356:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 321:363 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 201T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. 24449791 12 56 theme fatty 1295:1299 arg1 C18:1ω9c 1312:1319 C18:1ω9c 1312:1319 C18:1ω9c (30.8%) 1312:1327 The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω9c (30.8%), C16:0 (24.1%), and 10-methyl C18:0 (13.9%). 24449791 12 56 theme fatty 1295:1299 arg1 acids 1301:1305 The major cellular fatty acids 1276:1305 The major cellular fatty acids 1276:1305 The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω9c (30.8%), C16:0 (24.1%), and 10-methyl C18:0 (13.9%). 24449791 8 57 theme peptidoglycan 916:928 arg1 wall 935:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall 912:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall 912:938 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 14 58 theme species 1545:1551 arg1 members 1474:1480 members 1474:1480 members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species 1474:1551 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 13 59 theme 72.0±0.1 1398:1405 arg1 content 1386:1392 The DNA G+C content 1374:1392 The DNA G+C content 1374:1392 The DNA G+C content was 72.0±0.1 mol%. 24449791 13 59 theme 72.0±0.1 1398:1405 arg1 % 1410:1410 72.0±0.1 mol% 1398:1410 72.0±0.1 mol% 1398:1410 The DNA G+C content was 72.0±0.1 mol%. 24449791 5 60 theme sequence 614:621 arg1 similarity 623:632 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 600:632 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 600:632 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 5 60 theme sequence 614:621 arg1 % 644:644 91.9-95.1% 635:644 91.9-95.1% 635:644 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 14 61 theme genus 1535:1539 arg1 members 1474:1480 members 1474:1480 members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species 1474:1551 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 4 62 theme strain 379:384 arg1 201T 391:394 strain MUSC 201T 379:394 strain MUSC 201T 379:394 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 201T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. 24449791 12 63 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 C18:1ω9c 1312:1319 C18:1ω9c 1312:1319 C18:1ω9c (30.8%) 1312:1327 The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω9c (30.8%), C16:0 (24.1%), and 10-methyl C18:0 (13.9%). 24449791 12 63 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 acids 1301:1305 The major cellular fatty acids 1276:1305 The major cellular fatty acids 1276:1305 The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω9c (30.8%), C16:0 (24.1%), and 10-methyl C18:0 (13.9%). 24449791 13 64 theme DNA 1378:1380 arg1 content 1386:1392 The DNA G+C content 1374:1392 The DNA G+C content 1374:1392 The DNA G+C content was 72.0±0.1 mol%. 24449791 13 64 theme DNA 1378:1380 arg1 % 1410:1410 72.0±0.1 mol% 1398:1410 72.0±0.1 mol% 1398:1410 The DNA G+C content was 72.0±0.1 mol%. 24449791 3 65 theme taxonomic 245:253 arg1 status 255:260 The taxonomic status 241:260 The taxonomic status of this strain 241:275 The taxonomic status of this strain was determined using a polyphasic approach. 24449791 14 66 theme Nocardioidaceae 1510:1524 arg1 species 1545:1551 species 1545:1551 species 1545:1551 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 66 theme Nocardioidaceae 1510:1524 arg1 genus 1535:1539 a novel genus 1527:1539 a novel genus 1527:1539 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 14 66 theme Nocardioidaceae 1510:1524 arg1 genera 1489:1494 the genera 1485:1494 the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae 1485:1524 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 16 67 theme =DSM 1645:1648 arg1 109973T 1676:1682 =DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T 1645:1682 =DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T 1645:1682 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 16 67 theme =DSM 1645:1648 arg1 201T 1639:1642 MUSC 201T 1634:1642 MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T) 1634:1683 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 7 68 theme peptidoglycan 884:896 arg1 type 898:901 the peptidoglycan type 880:901 the peptidoglycan type 880:901 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan type was A3γ. 24449791 7 68 theme peptidoglycan 884:896 arg1 A3γ 907:909 A3γ 907:909 A3γ 907:909 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan type was A3γ. 24449791 16 69 theme 1A00646T=NBRC 1662:1674 arg1 109973T 1676:1682 =DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T 1645:1682 =DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T 1645:1682 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 16 69 theme 1A00646T=NBRC 1662:1674 arg1 201T 1639:1642 MUSC 201T 1634:1642 MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T) 1634:1683 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 3 70 theme strain 270:275 arg1 status 255:260 The taxonomic status 241:260 The taxonomic status of this strain 241:275 The taxonomic status of this strain was determined using a polyphasic approach. 24449791 14 71 theme genera 1489:1494 arg1 members 1474:1480 members 1474:1480 members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species 1474:1551 On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Nocardioidaceae, a novel genus and species, Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 8 72 theme ll-diaminopimelic 950:966 arg1 acid 968:971 ll-diaminopimelic acid 950:971 ll-diaminopimelic acid 950:971 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 24449791 7 73 theme diamino 863:869 arg1 acid 871:874 diagnostic diamino acid 852:874 diagnostic diamino acid 852:874 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan type was A3γ. 24449791 0 74 theme flava 6:10 arg1 nov. 17:20 Mumia flava gen. nov. 0:20 Mumia flava gen. nov. 0:20 Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 7 75 theme ll-diaminopimelic 826:842 arg1 acid 844:847 ll-diaminopimelic acid 826:847 ll-diaminopimelic acid 826:847 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan type was A3γ. 24449791 1 76 theme Nocardioidaceae 66:80 arg1 actinobacterium 36:50 an actinobacterium 33:50 an actinobacterium of the family Nocardioidaceae 33:80 nov., an actinobacterium of the family Nocardioidaceae. 24449791 1 76 theme Nocardioidaceae 66:80 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an actinobacterium of the family Nocardioidaceae. 24449791 2 77 attach isolated 141:148 arg1 soil 166:169 a mangrove soil 155:169 a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia 155:238 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 2 77 attach isolated 141:148 arg2 strain 107:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 5 78 dep Nocardioides 586:597 arg1 similarity 623:632 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 600:632 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 600:632 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 5 78 dep Nocardioides 586:597 arg1 % 644:644 91.9-95.1% 635:644 91.9-95.1% 635:644 Strain MUSC 201T formed a distinct clade in the family Nocardioidaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Nocardioides (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 91.9-95.1%), Aeromicrobium (92.7-94.6%), Marmoricola (92.5-93.1%) and Kribbella (91.5-92.4%). 24449791 16 79 theme type 1604:1607 arg1 strain 1609:1614 The type strain 1600:1614 The type strain of Mumia flava 1600:1629 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 16 79 theme type 1604:1607 arg1 201T 1639:1642 MUSC 201T 1634:1642 MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T) 1634:1683 The type strain of Mumia flava is MUSC 201T (=DSM 27763T=MCCC 1A00646T=NBRC 109973T). 24449791 0 80 dep sp 23:24 arg1 nov. 17:20 Mumia flava gen. nov. 0:20 Mumia flava gen. nov. 0:20 Mumia flava gen. nov., sp. 24449791 12 81 theme 10-methyl 1349:1357 arg1 C18:0 1359:1363 10-methyl C18:0 1349:1363 10-methyl C18:0 (13.9%) 1349:1371 The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω9c (30.8%), C16:0 (24.1%), and 10-methyl C18:0 (13.9%). 24449791 12 81 theme 10-methyl 1349:1357 arg1 % 1370:1370 13.9% 1366:1370 13.9% 1366:1370 The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω9c (30.8%), C16:0 (24.1%), and 10-methyl C18:0 (13.9%). 24449791 11 82 theme polar 1142:1146 arg1 lipids 1148:1153 The polar lipids 1138:1153 The polar lipids 1138:1153 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, glycolipid and four unknown phospholipids. 24449791 2 83 theme mangrove 157:164 arg1 soil 166:169 a mangrove soil 155:169 a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia 155:238 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MUSC 201T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Kuantan, the capital city of Pahang State in Malaysia. 24449791 9 84 theme cell-wall 1050:1058 arg1 sugars 1060:1065 The cell-wall sugars 1046:1065 The cell-wall sugars 1046:1065 The cell-wall sugars were galactose and rhamnose. 24449791 9 84 theme cell-wall 1050:1058 arg1 galactose 1072:1080 galactose 1072:1080 galactose 1072:1080 The cell-wall sugars were galactose and rhamnose. 24449791 8 85 theme 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5 1029:1043 arg1 ratio 1020:1024 a molar ratio 1012:1024 a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5 1012:1043 The peptidoglycan cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.5:0.9:1.0:1.5. 26897339 2 0 from impact 256:261 arg1 function 293:300 its function 289:300 its function regarding protease targets and autoantibody binding 289:352 This work investigated the impact of C1Inh glycosylation on its function regarding protease targets and autoantibody binding. 26897339 1 1 theme glycosylated 200:211 arg1 Inhibitor 109:117 C1 Inhibitor 106:117 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh) 106:125 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 1 1 theme glycosylated 200:211 arg1 protein 220:226 the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein 183:226 the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein 183:226 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 2 2 theme protease 312:319 arg1 targets 321:327 protease targets 312:327 protease targets 312:327 This work investigated the impact of C1Inh glycosylation on its function regarding protease targets and autoantibody binding. 26897339 1 3 theme plasma 213:218 arg1 Inhibitor 109:117 C1 Inhibitor 106:117 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh) 106:125 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 1 3 theme plasma 213:218 arg1 protein 220:226 the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein 183:226 the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein 183:226 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 4 4 theme antibody 744:751 arg1 target 753:758 an antibody target 741:758 an antibody target 741:758 Instructive samples demonstrated that O-deglycosylation strongly suppressed autoantibody binding, suggesting the polysaccharide motif is an antibody target. 26897339 4 4 theme antibody 744:751 arg1 motif 732:736 the polysaccharide motif 713:736 the polysaccharide motif 713:736 Instructive samples demonstrated that O-deglycosylation strongly suppressed autoantibody binding, suggesting the polysaccharide motif is an antibody target. 26897339 0 5 from influence 36:44 arg1 function 72:79 its function 68:79 its function 68:79 C1 Inhibitor as a glycoprotein: The influence of polysaccharides on its function and autoantibody target. 26897339 0 5 from influence 36:44 arg1 target 98:103 autoantibody target 85:103 autoantibody target 85:103 C1 Inhibitor as a glycoprotein: The influence of polysaccharides on its function and autoantibody target. 26897339 3 6 from involvement 573:583 arg1 function 594:601 C1Inh function 588:601 C1Inh function 588:601 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 4 7 theme polysaccharide 717:730 arg1 target 753:758 an antibody target 741:758 an antibody target 741:758 Instructive samples demonstrated that O-deglycosylation strongly suppressed autoantibody binding, suggesting the polysaccharide motif is an antibody target. 26897339 4 7 theme polysaccharide 717:730 arg1 motif 732:736 the polysaccharide motif 713:736 the polysaccharide motif 713:736 Instructive samples demonstrated that O-deglycosylation strongly suppressed autoantibody binding, suggesting the polysaccharide motif is an antibody target. 26897339 0 8 theme autoantibody 85:96 arg1 target 98:103 autoantibody target 85:103 autoantibody target 85:103 C1 Inhibitor as a glycoprotein: The influence of polysaccharides on its function and autoantibody target. 26897339 3 9 theme O-linked 415:422 arg1 polysaccharides 424:438 O-linked polysaccharides 415:438 O-linked polysaccharides 415:438 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 3 10 theme C1Inh 355:359 arg1 deglycosylation 361:375 C1Inh deglycosylation 355:375 C1Inh deglycosylation 355:375 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 1 11 gly glycosylated 200:211 arg1 Inhibitor 109:117 C1 Inhibitor 106:117 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh) 106:125 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 1 11 gly glycosylated 200:211 arg1 protein 220:226 the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein 183:226 the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein 183:226 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 2 12 theme glycosylation 272:284 arg1 impact 256:261 the impact 252:261 the impact of C1Inh glycosylation on its function regarding protease targets and autoantibody binding 252:352 This work investigated the impact of C1Inh glycosylation on its function regarding protease targets and autoantibody binding. 26897339 3 13 with function 401:408 arg1 polysaccharides 463:477 N-linked polysaccharides 454:477 N-linked polysaccharides 454:477 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 3 13 with function 401:408 arg1 polysaccharides 424:438 O-linked polysaccharides 415:438 O-linked polysaccharides 415:438 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 0 14 theme C1 0:1 arg1 Inhibitor 3:11 C1 Inhibitor 0:11 C1 Inhibitor as a glycoprotein: The influence of polysaccharides on its function and autoantibody target. 0:104 C1 Inhibitor as a glycoprotein: The influence of polysaccharides on its function and autoantibody target. 26897339 3 15 link O-linked 415:422 arg1 polysaccharides 424:438 O-linked polysaccharides 415:438 O-linked polysaccharides 415:438 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 2 16 theme C1Inh 266:270 arg1 glycosylation 272:284 C1Inh glycosylation 266:284 C1Inh glycosylation 266:284 This work investigated the impact of C1Inh glycosylation on its function regarding protease targets and autoantibody binding. 26897339 1 17 theme Serine 144:149 arg1 family 172:177 the Serine proteinase inhibitor family 140:177 the Serine proteinase inhibitor family 140:177 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 1 18 theme proteinase 151:160 arg1 family 172:177 the Serine proteinase inhibitor family 140:177 the Serine proteinase inhibitor family 140:177 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 1 19 theme inhibitor 162:170 arg1 family 172:177 the Serine proteinase inhibitor family 140:177 the Serine proteinase inhibitor family 140:177 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 1 20 theme family 172:177 arg1 Inhibitor 109:117 C1 Inhibitor 106:117 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh) 106:125 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 1 20 theme family 172:177 arg1 member 130:135 a member 128:135 a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family 128:177 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 5 21 theme C1Inh 804:808 arg1 function 810:817 C1Inh function 804:817 C1Inh function 804:817 The autoantibodies did not directly affect C1Inh function. 26897339 3 22 dep phase 507:511 arg1 target 525:530 target 525:530 the contact phase but not C1s target 495:530 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 3 23 link N-linked 454:461 arg1 polysaccharides 463:477 N-linked polysaccharides 454:477 N-linked polysaccharides 454:477 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 3 24 theme N-terminal 553:562 arg1 domain 564:569 the N-terminal domain 549:569 the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function 549:601 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 1 25 theme C1 106:107 arg1 Inhibitor 109:117 C1 Inhibitor 106:117 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh) 106:125 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 1 25 theme C1 106:107 arg1 member 130:135 a member 128:135 a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family 128:177 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 1 25 theme C1 106:107 arg1 protein 220:226 the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein 183:226 the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein 183:226 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 1 25 theme C1 106:107 arg1 C1Inh 120:124 C1Inh 120:124 C1Inh 120:124 C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of the Serine proteinase inhibitor family, is the most heavily glycosylated plasma protein. 26897339 3 26 theme C1Inh 588:592 arg1 function 594:601 C1Inh function 588:601 C1Inh function 588:601 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 0 27 gly glycoprotein 18:29 arg1 glycoprotein 18:29 a glycoprotein 16:29 a glycoprotein 16:29 C1 Inhibitor as a glycoprotein: The influence of polysaccharides on its function and autoantibody target. 26897339 4 28 theme autoantibody 680:691 arg1 binding 693:699 autoantibody binding 680:699 autoantibody binding 680:699 Instructive samples demonstrated that O-deglycosylation strongly suppressed autoantibody binding, suggesting the polysaccharide motif is an antibody target. 26897339 3 29 theme N-linked 454:461 arg1 polysaccharides 463:477 N-linked polysaccharides 454:477 N-linked polysaccharides 454:477 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26897339 0 30 theme polysaccharides 49:63 arg1 influence 36:44 The influence 32:44 C1 Inhibitor as a glycoprotein: The influence of polysaccharides on its function and autoantibody target. 0:104 C1 Inhibitor as a glycoprotein: The influence of polysaccharides on its function and autoantibody target. 26897339 0 31 dep Inhibitor 3:11 arg1 influence 36:44 The influence 32:44 C1 Inhibitor as a glycoprotein: The influence of polysaccharides on its function and autoantibody target. 0:104 C1 Inhibitor as a glycoprotein: The influence of polysaccharides on its function and autoantibody target. 26897339 4 32 theme Instructive 604:614 arg1 samples 616:622 Instructive samples 604:622 Instructive samples 604:622 Instructive samples demonstrated that O-deglycosylation strongly suppressed autoantibody binding, suggesting the polysaccharide motif is an antibody target. 26897339 2 33 theme autoantibody 333:344 arg1 binding 346:352 autoantibody binding 333:352 autoantibody binding 333:352 This work investigated the impact of C1Inh glycosylation on its function regarding protease targets and autoantibody binding. 26897339 3 34 theme contact 499:505 arg1 phase 507:511 the contact phase 495:511 the contact phase but not C1s target 495:530 C1Inh deglycosylation was found to affect its function with O-linked polysaccharides, but not with N-linked polysaccharides, in controlling the contact phase but not C1s target, thus indicating the N-terminal domain's involvement in C1Inh function. 26577736 0 0 from labeling 18:25 arg1 system 65:70 a mammalian expression system 42:70 a mammalian expression system 42:70 Effective isotope labeling of proteins in a mammalian expression system. 26577736 4 1 theme complexes 717:725 arg1 expression 674:683 expression 674:683 expression of mammalian proteins and their complexes, including proteins that require posttranslational modifications 674:790 This system enables expression of mammalian proteins and their complexes, including proteins that require posttranslational modifications. 26577736 3 2 theme recent 505:510 arg1 system 593:598 an efficient adenoviral vector-based system 556:598 an efficient adenoviral vector-based system 556:598 Here, we describe recent advances in mammalian expression, including an efficient adenoviral vector-based system, for the production of isotopically labeled proteins. 26577736 3 2 theme recent 505:510 arg1 advances 512:519 recent advances 505:519 recent advances 505:519 Here, we describe recent advances in mammalian expression, including an efficient adenoviral vector-based system, for the production of isotopically labeled proteins. 26577736 5 3 theme gp120 936:940 arg1 domain 920:925 the outer domain 910:925 the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120 910:940 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 3 theme gp120 936:940 arg1 gp120 936:940 HIV-1 gp120 930:940 HIV-1 gp120 930:940 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 4 theme potential 981:989 arg1 sites 991:995 15 potential sites 978:995 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation 978:1021 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 4 theme potential 981:989 arg1 glycosylation 1009:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 5 link N-linked 1000:1007 arg1 glycosylation 1009:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 6 6 theme membrane-bound 1170:1183 arg1 proteins 1185:1192 secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins 1144:1192 secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins 1144:1192 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 6 7 dep structure 1085:1093 arg1 the 1081:1083 the 1081:1083 the 1081:1083 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 1 8 dep structural 149:158 arg1 studies 173:179 studies 173:179 studies 173:179 Isotope labeling of biologically interesting proteins is a prerequisite for structural and dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy. 26577736 4 9 theme posttranslational 760:776 arg1 modifications 778:790 posttranslational modifications 760:790 posttranslational modifications 760:790 This system enables expression of mammalian proteins and their complexes, including proteins that require posttranslational modifications. 26577736 3 10 from advances 512:519 arg1 expression 534:543 mammalian expression 524:543 mammalian expression 524:543 Here, we describe recent advances in mammalian expression, including an efficient adenoviral vector-based system, for the production of isotopically labeled proteins. 26577736 5 11 theme disulfide 958:966 arg1 bonds 968:972 four disulfide bonds 953:972 four disulfide bonds 953:972 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 12 theme HIV-1 930:934 arg1 gp120 936:940 HIV-1 gp120 930:940 HIV-1 gp120 930:940 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 13 theme outer 914:918 arg1 domain 920:925 the outer domain 910:925 the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120 910:940 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 13 theme outer 914:918 arg1 gp120 936:940 HIV-1 gp120 930:940 HIV-1 gp120 930:940 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 3 14 theme mammalian 524:532 arg1 expression 534:543 mammalian expression 524:543 mammalian expression 524:543 Here, we describe recent advances in mammalian expression, including an efficient adenoviral vector-based system, for the production of isotopically labeled proteins. 26577736 4 15 theme mammalian 688:696 arg1 proteins 698:705 mammalian proteins 688:705 mammalian proteins 688:705 This system enables expression of mammalian proteins and their complexes, including proteins that require posttranslational modifications. 26577736 4 15 theme mammalian 688:696 arg1 proteins 738:745 proteins 738:745 proteins that require posttranslational modifications 738:790 This system enables expression of mammalian proteins and their complexes, including proteins that require posttranslational modifications. 26577736 2 16 theme mammalian 399:407 arg1 cells 409:413 mammalian cells 399:413 mammalian cells 399:413 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 17 link O-linked 371:378 arg1 glycosylation 380:392 O-linked glycosylation 371:392 O-linked glycosylation 371:392 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 5 18 dep labeled 839:845 arg1 modified 883:890 modified 883:890 modified 883:890 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 18 dep labeled 839:845 arg1 C 861:861 C 861:861 C 861:861 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 18 dep labeled 839:845 arg1 N 851:851 N 851:851 N 851:851 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 1 19 theme Isotope 73:79 arg1 prerequisite 132:143 a prerequisite 130:143 a prerequisite for structural and dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy 130:199 Isotope labeling of biologically interesting proteins is a prerequisite for structural and dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy. 26577736 1 19 theme Isotope 73:79 arg1 labeling 81:88 Isotope labeling 73:88 Isotope labeling of biologically interesting proteins 73:125 Isotope labeling of biologically interesting proteins is a prerequisite for structural and dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy. 26577736 6 20 theme structure 1085:1093 arg1 analysis 1069:1076 NMR spectroscopic analysis 1051:1076 NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins 1051:1192 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 0 21 theme isotope 10:16 arg1 labeling 18:25 Effective isotope labeling 0:25 Effective isotope labeling of proteins in a mammalian expression system. 0:71 Effective isotope labeling of proteins in a mammalian expression system. 26577736 3 22 theme adenoviral 569:578 arg1 system 593:598 an efficient adenoviral vector-based system 556:598 an efficient adenoviral vector-based system 556:598 Here, we describe recent advances in mammalian expression, including an efficient adenoviral vector-based system, for the production of isotopically labeled proteins. 26577736 1 23 theme NMR 184:186 arg1 spectroscopy 188:199 NMR spectroscopy 184:199 NMR spectroscopy 184:199 Isotope labeling of biologically interesting proteins is a prerequisite for structural and dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy. 26577736 0 24 theme Effective 0:8 arg1 labeling 18:25 Effective isotope labeling 0:25 Effective isotope labeling of proteins in a mammalian expression system. 0:71 Effective isotope labeling of proteins in a mammalian expression system. 26577736 3 25 theme efficient 559:567 arg1 system 593:598 an efficient adenoviral vector-based system 556:598 an efficient adenoviral vector-based system 556:598 Here, we describe recent advances in mammalian expression, including an efficient adenoviral vector-based system, for the production of isotopically labeled proteins. 26577736 3 26 theme vector-based 580:591 arg1 system 593:598 an efficient adenoviral vector-based system 556:598 an efficient adenoviral vector-based system 556:598 Here, we describe recent advances in mammalian expression, including an efficient adenoviral vector-based system, for the production of isotopically labeled proteins. 26577736 5 27 contain has 949:951 arg1 domain 920:925 the outer domain 910:925 the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120 910:940 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 27 contain has 949:951 arg1 gp120 936:940 HIV-1 gp120 930:940 HIV-1 gp120 930:940 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 27 contain has 949:951 arg2 sites 991:995 15 potential sites 978:995 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation 978:1021 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 27 contain has 949:951 arg2 glycosylation 1009:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 27 contain has 949:951 arg2 bonds 968:972 four disulfide bonds 953:972 four disulfide bonds 953:972 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 27 contain has 949:951 arg1 proteins 892:899 isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins 826:899 isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins 826:899 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 6 28 theme spectroscopic 1055:1067 arg1 analysis 1069:1076 NMR spectroscopic analysis 1051:1076 NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins 1051:1192 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 5 29 theme 15 848:849 arg1 N 851:851 N 851:851 N 851:851 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 6 30 theme cytoplasmic 1154:1164 arg1 proteins 1185:1192 secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins 1144:1192 secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins 1144:1192 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 2 31 theme necessary 424:432 arg1 machinery 434:442 the necessary machinery 420:442 the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms 420:484 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 6 32 theme proteins 1185:1192 arg1 function 1099:1106 function 1099:1106 function 1099:1106 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 6 32 theme proteins 1185:1192 arg1 structure 1085:1093 structure 1085:1093 structure 1085:1093 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 1 33 theme interesting 106:116 arg1 proteins 118:125 biologically interesting proteins 93:125 biologically interesting proteins 93:125 Isotope labeling of biologically interesting proteins is a prerequisite for structural and dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy. 26577736 5 34 gly glycosylation 1009:1021 arg2 glycosylation 1009:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 34 gly glycosylation 1009:1021 arg2 sites 991:995 15 potential sites 978:995 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation 978:1021 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 35 theme N-linked 1000:1007 arg1 glycosylation 1009:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 36 theme 13 858:859 arg1 C 861:861 C 861:861 C 861:861 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 2 37 theme functional 469:478 arg1 forms 480:484 their functional forms 463:484 their functional forms 463:484 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 0 38 theme proteins 30:37 arg1 labeling 18:25 Effective isotope labeling 0:25 Effective isotope labeling of proteins in a mammalian expression system. 0:71 Effective isotope labeling of proteins in a mammalian expression system. 26577736 3 39 theme proteins 644:651 arg1 production 609:618 the production 605:618 the production of isotopically labeled proteins 605:651 Here, we describe recent advances in mammalian expression, including an efficient adenoviral vector-based system, for the production of isotopically labeled proteins. 26577736 2 40 theme mammalian 233:241 arg1 formation 351:359 disulfide bond formation 336:359 disulfide bond formation 336:359 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 40 theme mammalian 233:241 arg1 N- 365:366 N- 365:366 N- 365:366 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 40 theme mammalian 233:241 arg1 cofactors 243:251 mammalian cofactors 233:251 mammalian cofactors 233:251 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 40 theme mammalian 233:241 arg1 glypiation 324:333 glypiation 324:333 glypiation 324:333 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 40 theme mammalian 233:241 arg1 myristoylation 308:321 myristoylation 308:321 myristoylation 308:321 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 0 41 theme mammalian 44:52 arg1 system 65:70 a mammalian expression system 42:70 a mammalian expression system 42:70 Effective isotope labeling of proteins in a mammalian expression system. 26577736 1 42 theme proteins 118:125 arg1 prerequisite 132:143 a prerequisite 130:143 a prerequisite for structural and dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy 130:199 Isotope labeling of biologically interesting proteins is a prerequisite for structural and dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy. 26577736 1 42 theme proteins 118:125 arg1 labeling 81:88 Isotope labeling 73:88 Isotope labeling of biologically interesting proteins 73:125 Isotope labeling of biologically interesting proteins is a prerequisite for structural and dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy. 26577736 5 43 theme labeled 839:845 arg1 domain 920:925 the outer domain 910:925 the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120 910:940 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 43 theme labeled 839:845 arg1 gp120 936:940 HIV-1 gp120 930:940 HIV-1 gp120 930:940 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 43 theme labeled 839:845 arg1 proteins 892:899 isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins 826:899 isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins 826:899 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 2 44 theme proteins 216:223 arg1 Many 202:205 Many 202:205 Many 202:205 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 44 theme proteins 216:223 arg1 proteins 216:223 these proteins 210:223 these proteins 210:223 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 45 contain have 415:418 arg2 machinery 434:442 the necessary machinery 420:442 the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms 420:484 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 45 contain have 415:418 arg1 cells 409:413 mammalian cells 399:413 mammalian cells 399:413 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 5 46 theme glycosylation 1009:1021 arg1 sites 991:995 15 potential sites 978:995 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation 978:1021 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 46 theme glycosylation 1009:1021 arg1 glycosylation 1009:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 N-linked glycosylation 1000:1021 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 5 46 theme glycosylation 1009:1021 arg1 bonds 968:972 four disulfide bonds 953:972 four disulfide bonds 953:972 We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. 26577736 2 47 theme bond 346:349 arg1 formation 351:359 disulfide bond formation 336:359 disulfide bond formation 336:359 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 48 theme posttranslational 268:284 arg1 formation 351:359 disulfide bond formation 336:359 disulfide bond formation 336:359 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 48 theme posttranslational 268:284 arg1 N- 365:366 N- 365:366 N- 365:366 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 48 theme posttranslational 268:284 arg1 glypiation 324:333 glypiation 324:333 glypiation 324:333 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 48 theme posttranslational 268:284 arg1 modifications 286:298 posttranslational modifications 268:298 posttranslational modifications 268:298 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 2 48 theme posttranslational 268:284 arg1 myristoylation 308:321 myristoylation 308:321 myristoylation 308:321 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 3 49 theme labeled 636:642 arg1 proteins 644:651 isotopically labeled proteins 623:651 isotopically labeled proteins 623:651 Here, we describe recent advances in mammalian expression, including an efficient adenoviral vector-based system, for the production of isotopically labeled proteins. 26577736 2 50 theme disulfide 336:344 arg1 formation 351:359 disulfide bond formation 336:359 disulfide bond formation 336:359 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 6 51 theme secreted 1144:1151 arg1 proteins 1185:1192 secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins 1144:1192 secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins 1144:1192 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 6 52 theme modified 1131:1138 arg1 function 1099:1106 function 1099:1106 function 1099:1106 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 6 52 theme modified 1131:1138 arg1 structure 1085:1093 structure 1085:1093 structure 1085:1093 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 6 53 theme function 1099:1106 arg1 analysis 1069:1076 NMR spectroscopic analysis 1051:1076 NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins 1051:1192 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 6 54 theme NMR 1051:1053 arg1 analysis 1069:1076 NMR spectroscopic analysis 1051:1076 NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins 1051:1192 These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins. 26577736 2 55 theme O-linked 371:378 arg1 glycosylation 380:392 O-linked glycosylation 371:392 O-linked glycosylation 371:392 Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. 26577736 0 56 theme expression 54:63 arg1 system 65:70 a mammalian expression system 42:70 a mammalian expression system 42:70 Effective isotope labeling of proteins in a mammalian expression system. 26577736 4 57 theme proteins 698:705 arg1 expression 674:683 expression 674:683 expression of mammalian proteins and their complexes, including proteins that require posttranslational modifications 674:790 This system enables expression of mammalian proteins and their complexes, including proteins that require posttranslational modifications. 25869311 0 0 from characterization 17:32 arg1 sp 76:77 Streptomyces sp 63:77 Streptomyces sp 63:77 Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. 25869311 10 1 theme antiviral 877:885 arg1 GP-1 839:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 10 1 theme antiviral 877:885 arg1 agent 887:891 a novel natural antiviral agent 861:891 a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry 861:916 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 5 2 theme antiviral 372:380 arg1 activity 382:389 antiviral activity 372:389 antiviral activity 372:389 GP-1 was a heat-sensitive glycoprotein with decreasing antiviral activity after treated from 80 °C to 100 °C for 30 min. 25869311 2 3 theme antiviral 117:125 arg1 activity 127:134 antiviral activity 117:134 antiviral activity against plant virus 117:154 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 10 4 theme natural 869:875 arg1 GP-1 839:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 10 4 theme natural 869:875 arg1 agent 887:891 a novel natural antiviral agent 861:891 a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry 861:916 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 5 5 dep °C 413:414 arg1 to 416:417 to 416:417 to 416:417 GP-1 was a heat-sensitive glycoprotein with decreasing antiviral activity after treated from 80 °C to 100 °C for 30 min. 25869311 0 6 from Purification 0:11 arg1 sp 76:77 Streptomyces sp 63:77 Streptomyces sp 63:77 Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. 25869311 7 7 theme -glucose 605:612 arg1 residues 614:621 α-D-(1,6)-glucose residues 596:621 α-D-(1,6)-glucose residues 596:621 FT-IR and NMR spectra proved that GP-1 contained protein and carbohydrate portions with α-D-(1,6)-glucose residues. 25869311 9 8 theme Mascot 782:787 arg1 search 789:794 Mascot search 782:794 Mascot search 782:794 Moreover, protein sequencing was predicted by using MALDI-TOF-MS and Mascot search. 25869311 2 9 theme plant 144:148 arg1 virus 150:154 plant virus 144:154 plant virus 144:154 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 10 10 theme agricultural 896:907 arg1 industry 909:916 agricultural industry 896:916 agricultural industry 896:916 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 2 11 with GP-1 107:110 arg1 activity 127:134 antiviral activity 117:134 antiviral activity against plant virus 117:154 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 6 12 contain contained 443:451 arg1 GP-1 438:441 GP-1 438:441 GP-1 438:441 GP-1 contained 40.23% carbohydrate with N-linked and O-linked glycan. 25869311 6 12 contain contained 443:451 arg2 carbohydrate 460:471 40.23% carbohydrate 453:471 40.23% carbohydrate 453:471 GP-1 contained 40.23% carbohydrate with N-linked and O-linked glycan. 25869311 5 13 theme heat-sensitive 328:341 arg1 glycoprotein 343:354 a heat-sensitive glycoprotein 326:354 a heat-sensitive glycoprotein 326:354 GP-1 was a heat-sensitive glycoprotein with decreasing antiviral activity after treated from 80 °C to 100 °C for 30 min. 25869311 5 13 theme heat-sensitive 328:341 arg1 GP-1 317:320 GP-1 317:320 GP-1 317:320 GP-1 was a heat-sensitive glycoprotein with decreasing antiviral activity after treated from 80 °C to 100 °C for 30 min. 25869311 7 14 theme carbohydrate 569:580 arg1 portions 582:589 protein and carbohydrate portions 557:589 protein and carbohydrate portions 557:589 FT-IR and NMR spectra proved that GP-1 contained protein and carbohydrate portions with α-D-(1,6)-glucose residues. 25869311 8 15 theme Circular 624:631 arg1 dichroism 633:641 Circular dichroism 624:641 Circular dichroism 624:641 Circular dichroism revealed that GP-1 was a glycoprotein with a large unordered content. 25869311 7 16 contain contained 547:555 arg2 portions 582:589 protein and carbohydrate portions 557:589 protein and carbohydrate portions 557:589 FT-IR and NMR spectra proved that GP-1 contained protein and carbohydrate portions with α-D-(1,6)-glucose residues. 25869311 7 16 contain contained 547:555 arg1 GP-1 542:545 GP-1 542:545 GP-1 542:545 FT-IR and NMR spectra proved that GP-1 contained protein and carbohydrate portions with α-D-(1,6)-glucose residues. 25869311 10 17 from agent 887:891 arg1 industry 909:916 agricultural industry 896:916 agricultural industry 896:916 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 4 18 theme molecular 265:273 arg1 weight 275:280 molecular weight 265:280 molecular weight of GP-1 approximately 265:302 MALDI-TOF-MS proved that molecular weight of GP-1 approximately was 8.5 kDa. 25869311 8 19 theme large 688:692 arg1 content 704:710 a large unordered content 686:710 a large unordered content 686:710 Circular dichroism revealed that GP-1 was a glycoprotein with a large unordered content. 25869311 6 20 theme O-linked 491:498 arg1 glycan 500:505 N-linked and O-linked glycan 478:505 N-linked and O-linked glycan 478:505 GP-1 contained 40.23% carbohydrate with N-linked and O-linked glycan. 25869311 2 21 theme fermentation 178:189 arg1 broth 191:195 the fermentation broth 174:195 the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp 174:231 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 7 22 theme protein 557:563 arg1 portions 582:589 protein and carbohydrate portions 557:589 protein and carbohydrate portions 557:589 FT-IR and NMR spectra proved that GP-1 contained protein and carbohydrate portions with α-D-(1,6)-glucose residues. 25869311 4 23 theme GP-1 285:288 arg1 weight 275:280 molecular weight 265:280 molecular weight of GP-1 approximately 265:302 MALDI-TOF-MS proved that molecular weight of GP-1 approximately was 8.5 kDa. 25869311 9 24 theme protein 723:729 arg1 sequencing 731:740 protein sequencing 723:740 protein sequencing 723:740 Moreover, protein sequencing was predicted by using MALDI-TOF-MS and Mascot search. 25869311 0 25 theme novel 39:43 arg1 glycoprotein 45:56 a novel glycoprotein 37:56 a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp 37:77 Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. 25869311 2 26 attach isolated 160:167 arg2 GP-1 107:110 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 86:110 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus 86:154 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 2 26 attach isolated 160:167 arg1 broth 191:195 the fermentation broth 174:195 the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp 174:231 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 2 27 theme glycoprotein 94:105 arg1 GP-1 107:110 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 86:110 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus 86:154 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 6 28 theme N-linked 478:485 arg1 glycan 500:505 N-linked and O-linked glycan 478:505 N-linked and O-linked glycan 478:505 GP-1 contained 40.23% carbohydrate with N-linked and O-linked glycan. 25869311 0 29 from sp 76:77 arg1 characterization 17:32 characterization 17:32 characterization 17:32 Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. 25869311 0 29 from sp 76:77 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. 25869311 0 29 from sp 76:77 arg1 glycoprotein 45:56 a novel glycoprotein 37:56 a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp 37:77 Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. 25869311 5 30 gly glycoprotein 343:354 arg1 glycoprotein 343:354 a heat-sensitive glycoprotein 326:354 a heat-sensitive glycoprotein 326:354 GP-1 was a heat-sensitive glycoprotein with decreasing antiviral activity after treated from 80 °C to 100 °C for 30 min. 25869311 5 30 gly glycoprotein 343:354 arg1 GP-1 317:320 GP-1 317:320 GP-1 317:320 GP-1 was a heat-sensitive glycoprotein with decreasing antiviral activity after treated from 80 °C to 100 °C for 30 min. 25869311 8 31 with glycoprotein 668:679 arg1 content 704:710 a large unordered content 686:710 a large unordered content 686:710 Circular dichroism revealed that GP-1 was a glycoprotein with a large unordered content. 25869311 2 32 theme novel 88:92 arg1 GP-1 107:110 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 86:110 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus 86:154 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 8 33 theme unordered 694:702 arg1 content 704:710 a large unordered content 686:710 a large unordered content 686:710 Circular dichroism revealed that GP-1 was a glycoprotein with a large unordered content. 25869311 2 34 theme sp 230:231 arg1 broth 191:195 the fermentation broth 174:195 the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp 174:231 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 2 35 gly glycoprotein 94:105 arg1 glycoprotein 94:105 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 86:110 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus 86:154 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 10 36 theme novel 863:867 arg1 GP-1 839:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 10 36 theme novel 863:867 arg1 agent 887:891 a novel natural antiviral agent 861:891 a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry 861:916 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 0 37 theme glycoprotein 45:56 arg1 characterization 17:32 characterization 17:32 characterization 17:32 Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. 25869311 0 37 theme glycoprotein 45:56 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. 25869311 2 38 theme actinomycete 204:215 arg1 sp 230:231 the actinomycete Streptomyces sp 200:231 the actinomycete Streptomyces sp 200:231 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 2 39 theme Streptomyces 217:228 arg1 sp 230:231 the actinomycete Streptomyces sp 200:231 the actinomycete Streptomyces sp 200:231 A novel glycoprotein GP-1 with antiviral activity against plant virus was isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 25869311 10 40 gly glycoprotein 826:837 arg1 glycoprotein 826:837 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 6 41 theme % 458:458 arg1 carbohydrate 460:471 40.23% carbohydrate 453:471 40.23% carbohydrate 453:471 GP-1 contained 40.23% carbohydrate with N-linked and O-linked glycan. 25869311 10 42 used used 853:856 arg2 GP-1 839:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 10 42 used used 853:856 arg2 agent 887:891 a novel natural antiviral agent 861:891 a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry 861:916 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 6 43 link N-linked 478:485 arg1 glycan 500:505 N-linked and O-linked glycan 478:505 N-linked and O-linked glycan 478:505 GP-1 contained 40.23% carbohydrate with N-linked and O-linked glycan. 25869311 6 44 theme 40.23 453:457 arg1 % 458:458 % 458:458 % 458:458 GP-1 contained 40.23% carbohydrate with N-linked and O-linked glycan. 25869311 7 45 theme NMR 518:520 arg1 spectra 522:528 FT-IR and NMR spectra 508:528 spectra 522:528 FT-IR and NMR spectra proved that GP-1 contained protein and carbohydrate portions with α-D-(1,6)-glucose residues. 25869311 5 46 theme 80 410:411 arg1 °C 413:414 °C 413:414 °C 413:414 GP-1 was a heat-sensitive glycoprotein with decreasing antiviral activity after treated from 80 °C to 100 °C for 30 min. 25869311 10 47 theme glycoprotein 826:837 arg1 GP-1 839:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 glycoprotein GP-1 826:842 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 10 47 theme glycoprotein 826:837 arg1 agent 887:891 a novel natural antiviral agent 861:891 a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry 861:916 These results suggested that glycoprotein GP-1 could be used as a novel natural antiviral agent in agricultural industry. 25869311 0 48 gly glycoprotein 45:56 arg1 glycoprotein 45:56 a novel glycoprotein 37:56 a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp 37:77 Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. 25869311 8 49 gly glycoprotein 668:679 arg1 GP-1 657:660 GP-1 657:660 GP-1 657:660 Circular dichroism revealed that GP-1 was a glycoprotein with a large unordered content. 25869311 8 49 gly glycoprotein 668:679 arg1 glycoprotein 668:679 a glycoprotein 666:679 a glycoprotein with a large unordered content 666:710 Circular dichroism revealed that GP-1 was a glycoprotein with a large unordered content. 25869311 6 50 link O-linked 491:498 arg1 glycan 500:505 N-linked and O-linked glycan 478:505 N-linked and O-linked glycan 478:505 GP-1 contained 40.23% carbohydrate with N-linked and O-linked glycan. 25869311 0 51 theme Streptomyces 63:74 arg1 sp 76:77 Streptomyces sp 63:77 Streptomyces sp 63:77 Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from Streptomyces sp. 25869311 7 52 theme FT-IR 508:512 arg1 spectra 522:528 FT-IR and NMR spectra 508:528 spectra 522:528 FT-IR and NMR spectra proved that GP-1 contained protein and carbohydrate portions with α-D-(1,6)-glucose residues. 25869311 5 53 theme 100 419:421 arg1 °C 413:414 °C 413:414 °C 413:414 GP-1 was a heat-sensitive glycoprotein with decreasing antiviral activity after treated from 80 °C to 100 °C for 30 min. 28776872 0 0 theme buffaloes 64:72 arg1 Changes 0:6 Changes 0:6 Changes in some blood parameters 0:31 Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period. 28776872 0 0 theme buffaloes 64:72 arg1 yield 55:59 yield 55:59 yield of buffaloes 55:72 Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period. 28776872 0 0 theme buffaloes 64:72 arg1 composition 39:49 milk composition 34:49 milk composition 34:49 Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period. 28776872 6 1 dep significantly 926:938 arg1 P ≤ 0.01 941:948 P ≤ 0.01 941:948 P ≤ 0.01 941:948 The peripartum period significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced all studied parameters with the exception of glucose. 28776872 2 2 theme weight 339:344 arg1 total 264:268 A total 262:268 A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight 262:344 A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight were used. 28776872 4 3 theme non-esterified 554:567 arg1 acids 575:579 non-esterified fatty acids 554:579 non-esterified fatty acids 554:579 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 3 theme non-esterified 554:567 arg1 cholesterol 610:620 cholesterol 610:620 cholesterol 610:620 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 3 theme non-esterified 554:567 arg1 triglycerides 623:635 triglycerides 623:635 triglycerides 623:635 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 3 theme non-esterified 554:567 arg1 β-hydroxybutyrate 582:598 β-hydroxybutyrate 582:598 β-hydroxybutyrate 582:598 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 3 theme non-esterified 554:567 arg1 proteins 731:738 total proteins 725:738 total proteins 725:738 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 3 theme non-esterified 554:567 arg1 glucose 601:607 glucose 601:607 glucose 601:607 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 3 theme non-esterified 554:567 arg1 aminotransferase 648:663 aspartate aminotransferase 638:663 aspartate aminotransferase 638:663 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 7 4 theme 40 days 1163:1169 arg1 post-partum 1171:1181 40 days post-partum 1163:1181 40 days post-partum 1163:1181 Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post-partum; DMP significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post-partum until 40 days post-partum. 28776872 5 5 dep along 805:809 arg1 with 811:814 with 811:814 with 811:814 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 2 6 theme body 334:337 arg1 weight 339:344 535 ± 50 kg average body weight 314:344 535 ± 50 kg average body weight 314:344 A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight were used. 28776872 10 7 theme transition 1512:1521 arg1 period 1523:1528 the transition period 1508:1528 the transition period 1508:1528 Blood parameters and milk composition alterations are crucial to predict the energy balance status of buffaloes in order to improve their management and feed intake during the transition period. 28776872 7 8 theme day 1141:1143 arg1 post-partum 1145:1155 1 day post-partum 1139:1155 1 day post-partum 1139:1155 Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post-partum; DMP significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post-partum until 40 days post-partum. 28776872 0 9 from Changes 0:6 arg1 parameters 22:31 some blood parameters 11:31 some blood parameters 11:31 Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period. 28776872 5 10 theme milk 846:849 arg1 yield 851:855 milk yield 846:855 milk yield 846:855 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 4 11 theme acids 575:579 arg1 values 544:549 the values 540:549 the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins 540:738 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 7 12 theme 1 1139:1139 arg1 day 1141:1143 day 1141:1143 day 1141:1143 Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post-partum; DMP significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post-partum until 40 days post-partum. 28776872 0 13 from composition 39:49 arg1 parameters 22:31 some blood parameters 11:31 some blood parameters 11:31 Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period. 28776872 10 14 theme Blood 1336:1340 arg1 parameters 1342:1351 Blood parameters 1336:1351 Blood parameters 1336:1351 Blood parameters and milk composition alterations are crucial to predict the energy balance status of buffaloes in order to improve their management and feed intake during the transition period. 28776872 1 15 theme transition 243:252 arg1 period 254:259 the transition period 239:259 the transition period 239:259 In this study changes in hematochemical parameters, milk composition and yield were investigated in buffaloes during the transition period. 28776872 5 16 theme daily 861:865 arg1 DMP 884:886 DMP 884:886 DMP 884:886 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 5 16 theme daily 861:865 arg1 production 872:881 daily milk production 861:881 daily milk production (DMP) 861:887 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 7 17 theme decreasing 1043:1052 arg1 trend 1054:1058 decreasing trend 1043:1058 decreasing trend from 10 1043:1066 Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post-partum; DMP significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post-partum until 40 days post-partum. 28776872 2 18 used used 351:354 arg2 total 264:268 A total 262:268 A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight 262:344 A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight were used. 28776872 3 19 theme 80 days 412:418 arg1 pre-partum 420:429 80 days pre-partum 412:429 80 days pre-partum 412:429 Parity was recorded, blood samples were collected from 80 days pre-partum until 70 days post-partum; milk samples were collected from 5 days to 70 days post-partum. 28776872 3 20 theme blood 378:382 arg1 samples 384:390 blood samples 378:390 blood samples 378:390 Parity was recorded, blood samples were collected from 80 days pre-partum until 70 days post-partum; milk samples were collected from 5 days to 70 days post-partum. 28776872 9 21 from importance 1293:1302 arg1 buffaloes 1325:1333 buffaloes 1325:1333 buffaloes 1325:1333 Our results confirmed the importance of transit period in buffaloes. 28776872 6 22 theme studied 966:972 arg1 parameters 974:983 all studied parameters 962:983 all studied parameters 962:983 The peripartum period significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced all studied parameters with the exception of glucose. 28776872 8 23 theme Milk 1184:1187 arg1 yield 1189:1193 Milk yield 1184:1193 Milk yield 1184:1193 Milk yield significantly (P ≤ 0.01) decreased in animals over the sixth lactation. 28776872 8 24 theme sixth 1250:1254 arg1 lactation 1256:1264 the sixth lactation 1246:1264 the sixth lactation 1246:1264 Milk yield significantly (P ≤ 0.01) decreased in animals over the sixth lactation. 28776872 10 25 theme feed 1489:1492 arg1 intake 1494:1499 feed intake 1489:1499 feed intake 1489:1499 Blood parameters and milk composition alterations are crucial to predict the energy balance status of buffaloes in order to improve their management and feed intake during the transition period. 28776872 10 26 theme balance 1420:1426 arg1 status 1428:1433 the energy balance status 1409:1433 the energy balance status of buffaloes 1409:1446 Blood parameters and milk composition alterations are crucial to predict the energy balance status of buffaloes in order to improve their management and feed intake during the transition period. 28776872 1 27 theme hematochemical 147:160 arg1 parameters 162:171 hematochemical parameters 147:171 hematochemical parameters 147:171 In this study changes in hematochemical parameters, milk composition and yield were investigated in buffaloes during the transition period. 28776872 5 28 theme lactose 796:802 arg1 percentage 765:774 percentage 765:774 percentage of fat, protein and lactose 765:802 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 7 29 dep significantly 1099:1111 arg1 P ≤ 0.01 1114:1121 P ≤ 0.01 1114:1121 P ≤ 0.01 1114:1121 Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post-partum; DMP significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post-partum until 40 days post-partum. 28776872 10 30 theme composition 1362:1372 arg1 alterations 1374:1384 milk composition alterations 1357:1384 milk composition alterations 1357:1384 Blood parameters and milk composition alterations are crucial to predict the energy balance status of buffaloes in order to improve their management and feed intake during the transition period. 28776872 2 31 theme buffaloes 276:284 arg1 total 264:268 A total 262:268 A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight 262:344 A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight were used. 28776872 6 32 theme glucose 1007:1013 arg1 exception 994:1002 the exception 990:1002 the exception of glucose 990:1013 The peripartum period significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced all studied parameters with the exception of glucose. 28776872 0 33 theme blood 16:20 arg1 parameters 22:31 some blood parameters 11:31 some blood parameters 11:31 Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period. 28776872 6 34 theme peripartum 908:917 arg1 period 919:924 The peripartum period 904:924 The peripartum period 904:924 The peripartum period significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced all studied parameters with the exception of glucose. 28776872 7 35 theme Milk 1016:1019 arg1 percentage 1025:1034 Milk fat percentage 1016:1034 Milk fat percentage 1016:1034 Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post-partum; DMP significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post-partum until 40 days post-partum. 28776872 10 36 theme milk 1357:1360 arg1 alterations 1374:1384 milk composition alterations 1357:1384 milk composition alterations 1357:1384 Blood parameters and milk composition alterations are crucial to predict the energy balance status of buffaloes in order to improve their management and feed intake during the transition period. 28776872 10 37 theme energy 1413:1418 arg1 status 1428:1433 the energy balance status 1409:1433 the energy balance status of buffaloes 1409:1446 Blood parameters and milk composition alterations are crucial to predict the energy balance status of buffaloes in order to improve their management and feed intake during the transition period. 28776872 8 38 dep significantly 1195:1207 arg1 P ≤ 0.01 1210:1217 P ≤ 0.01 1210:1217 P ≤ 0.01 1210:1217 Milk yield significantly (P ≤ 0.01) decreased in animals over the sixth lactation. 28776872 7 39 theme fat 1021:1023 arg1 percentage 1025:1034 Milk fat percentage 1016:1034 Milk fat percentage 1016:1034 Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post-partum; DMP significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post-partum until 40 days post-partum. 28776872 1 40 theme milk 174:177 arg1 composition 179:189 milk composition 174:189 milk composition 174:189 In this study changes in hematochemical parameters, milk composition and yield were investigated in buffaloes during the transition period. 28776872 5 41 theme milk 867:870 arg1 DMP 884:886 DMP 884:886 DMP 884:886 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 5 41 theme milk 867:870 arg1 production 872:881 daily milk production 861:881 daily milk production (DMP) 861:887 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 5 42 theme somatic 820:826 arg1 SCC 840:842 SCC 840:842 SCC 840:842 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 5 42 theme somatic 820:826 arg1 count 833:837 the somatic cell count 816:837 the somatic cell count (SCC) 816:843 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 4 43 theme aspartate 638:646 arg1 acids 575:579 non-esterified fatty acids 554:579 non-esterified fatty acids 554:579 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 43 theme aspartate 638:646 arg1 urea 719:722 urea 719:722 urea 719:722 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 43 theme aspartate 638:646 arg1 gamma-glutamyltransferase 692:716 gamma-glutamyltransferase 692:716 gamma-glutamyltransferase 692:716 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 43 theme aspartate 638:646 arg1 aminotransferase 648:663 aspartate aminotransferase 638:663 aspartate aminotransferase 638:663 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 43 theme aspartate 638:646 arg1 aminotransferase 674:689 alanine aminotransferase 666:689 alanine aminotransferase 666:689 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 9 44 theme transit 1307:1313 arg1 period 1315:1320 transit period 1307:1320 transit period 1307:1320 Our results confirmed the importance of transit period in buffaloes. 28776872 0 45 theme transition 103:112 arg1 period 114:119 the transition period 99:119 the transition period 99:119 Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period. 28776872 0 46 from yield 55:59 arg1 parameters 22:31 some blood parameters 11:31 some blood parameters 11:31 Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period. 28776872 10 47 theme buffaloes 1438:1446 arg1 status 1428:1433 the energy balance status 1409:1433 the energy balance status of buffaloes 1409:1446 Blood parameters and milk composition alterations are crucial to predict the energy balance status of buffaloes in order to improve their management and feed intake during the transition period. 28776872 3 48 theme 70 days 437:443 arg1 post-partum 445:455 70 days post-partum 437:455 70 days post-partum 437:455 Parity was recorded, blood samples were collected from 80 days pre-partum until 70 days post-partum; milk samples were collected from 5 days to 70 days post-partum. 28776872 7 49 theme 40 days 1074:1080 arg1 post-partum 1082:1092 40 days post-partum 1074:1092 40 days post-partum 1074:1092 Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post-partum; DMP significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post-partum until 40 days post-partum. 28776872 7 50 from 10 1065:1066 arg1 trend 1054:1058 decreasing trend 1043:1058 decreasing trend from 10 1043:1066 Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post-partum; DMP significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post-partum until 40 days post-partum. 28776872 5 51 theme protein 784:790 arg1 percentage 765:774 percentage 765:774 percentage of fat, protein and lactose 765:802 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 2 52 theme average 326:332 arg1 weight 339:344 535 ± 50 kg average body weight 314:344 535 ± 50 kg average body weight 314:344 A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight were used. 28776872 0 53 theme milk 34:37 arg1 composition 39:49 milk composition 34:49 milk composition 34:49 Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period. 28776872 4 54 theme serum 525:529 arg1 samples 531:537 serum samples 525:537 serum samples 525:537 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 2 55 theme 535 ± 50 kg 314:324 arg1 weight 339:344 535 ± 50 kg average body weight 314:344 535 ± 50 kg average body weight 314:344 A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight were used. 28776872 5 56 theme fat 779:781 arg1 percentage 765:774 percentage 765:774 percentage of fat, protein and lactose 765:802 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 4 57 theme alanine 666:672 arg1 aminotransferase 648:663 aspartate aminotransferase 638:663 aspartate aminotransferase 638:663 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 57 theme alanine 666:672 arg1 aminotransferase 674:689 alanine aminotransferase 666:689 alanine aminotransferase 666:689 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 3 58 theme milk 458:461 arg1 samples 463:469 milk samples 458:469 milk samples 458:469 Parity was recorded, blood samples were collected from 80 days pre-partum until 70 days post-partum; milk samples were collected from 5 days to 70 days post-partum. 28776872 2 59 theme old 306:308 arg1 buffaloes 276:284 93 buffaloes 273:284 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old 273:308 A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight were used. 28776872 4 60 theme total 725:729 arg1 proteins 731:738 total proteins 725:738 total proteins 725:738 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 60 theme total 725:729 arg1 acids 575:579 non-esterified fatty acids 554:579 non-esterified fatty acids 554:579 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 5 61 theme cell 828:831 arg1 SCC 840:842 SCC 840:842 SCC 840:842 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 5 61 theme cell 828:831 arg1 count 833:837 the somatic cell count 816:837 the somatic cell count (SCC) 816:843 On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. 28776872 4 62 theme fatty 569:573 arg1 acids 575:579 non-esterified fatty acids 554:579 non-esterified fatty acids 554:579 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 62 theme fatty 569:573 arg1 cholesterol 610:620 cholesterol 610:620 cholesterol 610:620 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 62 theme fatty 569:573 arg1 triglycerides 623:635 triglycerides 623:635 triglycerides 623:635 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 62 theme fatty 569:573 arg1 β-hydroxybutyrate 582:598 β-hydroxybutyrate 582:598 β-hydroxybutyrate 582:598 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 62 theme fatty 569:573 arg1 proteins 731:738 total proteins 725:738 total proteins 725:738 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 62 theme fatty 569:573 arg1 glucose 601:607 glucose 601:607 glucose 601:607 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 4 62 theme fatty 569:573 arg1 aminotransferase 648:663 aspartate aminotransferase 638:663 aspartate aminotransferase 638:663 On serum samples, the values of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. 28776872 0 63 dep Changes 0:6 arg1 bubalis 83:89 Bubalus bubalis 75:89 Bubalus bubalis 75:89 Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period. 28776872 1 64 from changes 136:142 arg1 yield 195:199 yield 195:199 yield 195:199 In this study changes in hematochemical parameters, milk composition and yield were investigated in buffaloes during the transition period. 28776872 1 64 from changes 136:142 arg1 parameters 162:171 hematochemical parameters 147:171 hematochemical parameters 147:171 In this study changes in hematochemical parameters, milk composition and yield were investigated in buffaloes during the transition period. 28776872 1 64 from changes 136:142 arg1 composition 179:189 milk composition 174:189 milk composition 174:189 In this study changes in hematochemical parameters, milk composition and yield were investigated in buffaloes during the transition period. 28776872 3 65 theme 70 days 501:507 arg1 post-partum 509:519 70 days post-partum 501:519 70 days post-partum 501:519 Parity was recorded, blood samples were collected from 80 days pre-partum until 70 days post-partum; milk samples were collected from 5 days to 70 days post-partum. 28776872 9 66 theme period 1315:1320 arg1 importance 1293:1302 the importance 1289:1302 the importance of transit period in buffaloes 1289:1333 Our results confirmed the importance of transit period in buffaloes. 27232754 9 0 theme lignin 1433:1438 arg1 content 1440:1446 the highest lignin content 1421:1446 the highest lignin content 1421:1446 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 10 1 theme -β-glucan 1657:1665 arg1 content 1667:1673 sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content 1635:1673 sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content 1635:1673 These data indicate that sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content may have a significant effect on digestibility and bioethanol yields. 27232754 4 2 theme same 784:787 arg1 tissue 789:794 the same tissue 780:794 the same tissue 780:794 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 1 3 theme Sorghum 78:84 arg1 tissues 97:103 Sorghum vegetative tissues 78:103 Sorghum vegetative tissues 78:103 Sorghum vegetative tissues are becoming increasingly important for biofuel production. 27232754 7 4 theme -β-glucan 1217:1225 arg1 % 1197:1197 <1% w/w 1195:1201 <1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan 1195:1225 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 4 5 theme w/w 616:618 arg1 % 614:614 1% w/w 613:618 1% w/w (1,3;1,4) 613:628 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 3 6 theme sorghum 480:486 arg1 varieties 488:496 twelve diverse sorghum varieties 465:496 twelve diverse sorghum varieties 465:496 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 3 6 theme sorghum 480:486 arg1 varieties 536:544 four photoperiod-sensitive varieties 509:544 four photoperiod-sensitive varieties 509:544 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 9 7 theme more 1476:1479 arg1 glucose 1481:1487 significantly more glucose 1462:1487 significantly more glucose 1462:1487 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 2 8 dep tissues 341:347 arg1 rind 356:359 outer rind 350:359 outer rind 350:359 The composition of sorghum stem tissues is influenced by genotype, environment and photoperiod sensitivity, and varies widely between varieties and also between different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith). 27232754 2 8 dep tissues 341:347 arg1 pith 370:373 inner pith 364:373 inner pith 364:373 The composition of sorghum stem tissues is influenced by genotype, environment and photoperiod sensitivity, and varies widely between varieties and also between different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith). 27232754 10 9 theme bioethanol 1726:1735 arg1 yields 1737:1742 bioethanol yields 1726:1742 bioethanol yields 1726:1742 These data indicate that sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content may have a significant effect on digestibility and bioethanol yields. 27232754 11 10 theme sorghum 1804:1810 arg1 lines 1812:1816 sorghum lines 1804:1816 sorghum lines optimised for biofuel production 1804:1849 This information opens new avenues of research to generate sorghum lines optimised for biofuel production. 27232754 7 11 from levels 1113:1118 arg1 tissues 1128:1134 pith tissues 1123:1134 pith tissues 1123:1134 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 9 12 theme other 1498:1502 arg1 varieties 1504:1512 the other varieties 1494:1512 the other varieties 1494:1512 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 7 13 theme Arun 1017:1020 arg1 line 1022:1025 The Arun line 1013:1025 The Arun line 1013:1025 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 4 14 dep 6 751:751 arg1 to 748:749 to 748:749 to 748:749 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 4 15 theme stem 642:645 arg1 tissue 652:657 stem pith tissue 642:657 stem pith tissue 642:657 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 9 16 theme theoretical 1519:1529 arg1 calculation 1531:1541 theoretical calculation 1519:1541 theoretical calculation of ethanol yields 1519:1559 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 5 17 theme bicolor 921:927 arg1 Rio 929:931 S. bicolor Rio 918:931 S. bicolor Rio 918:931 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 17 theme bicolor 921:927 arg1 variety 909:915 a sweet variety 901:915 a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) 901:932 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 8 18 theme varieties 1270:1278 arg1 digestibility 1243:1255 the digestibility 1239:1255 the digestibility of the three varieties 1239:1278 To assess the digestibility of the three varieties, stem tissue was treated with either hydrolytic enzymes or dilute acid and the release of fermentable glucose was determined. 27232754 0 19 theme Stem 61:64 arg1 Study 71:75 Sorghum Stem Case Study 53:75 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 0:76 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 27232754 7 20 contain had 1071:1073 arg2 levels 1113:1118 higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels 1075:1118 higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues 1075:1134 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 7 20 contain had 1071:1073 arg1 line 1022:1025 The Arun line 1013:1025 The Arun line 1013:1025 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 0 21 theme Energy-Rich 16:26 arg1 Materials 42:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 27232754 9 22 theme yields 1554:1559 arg1 calculation 1531:1541 theoretical calculation 1519:1541 theoretical calculation of ethanol yields 1519:1559 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 8 23 theme stem 1281:1284 arg1 tissue 1286:1291 stem tissue 1281:1291 stem tissue 1281:1291 To assess the digestibility of the three varieties, stem tissue was treated with either hydrolytic enzymes or dilute acid and the release of fermentable glucose was determined. 27232754 5 24 theme sorghum 803:809 arg1 lines 811:815 Three sorghum lines 797:815 Three sorghum lines 797:815 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 10 25 theme stem 1643:1646 arg1 -β-glucan 1657:1665 sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan 1635:1665 sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content 1635:1673 These data indicate that sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content may have a significant effect on digestibility and bioethanol yields. 27232754 5 26 dep chosen 822:827 arg1 bicolor 884:890 Sorghum bicolor BTx623 876:897 Sorghum bicolor BTx623 876:897 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 26 dep chosen 822:827 arg1 Rio 929:931 S. bicolor Rio 918:931 S. bicolor Rio 918:931 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 26 dep chosen 822:827 arg1 variety 867:873 a cultivated grain variety 848:873 a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623) 848:898 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 26 dep chosen 822:827 arg1 line 967:970 a photoperiod-sensitive wild line 938:970 a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp 938:986 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 26 dep chosen 822:827 arg1 variety 909:915 a sweet variety 901:915 a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) 901:932 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 27 theme wild 962:965 arg1 line 967:970 a photoperiod-sensitive wild line 938:970 a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp 938:986 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 28 theme grain 861:865 arg1 variety 867:873 a cultivated grain variety 848:873 a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623) 848:898 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 28 theme grain 861:865 arg1 bicolor 884:890 Sorghum bicolor BTx623 876:897 Sorghum bicolor BTx623 876:897 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 9 29 theme L 1572:1572 arg1 ha-1 1574:1577 10 344 L ha-1 1565:1577 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue 1565:1607 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 7 30 theme w/w 1044:1046 arg1 % 1042:1042 5.5% w/w 1039:1046 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4) 1039:1056 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 8 31 theme hydrolytic 1317:1326 arg1 enzymes 1328:1334 hydrolytic enzymes 1317:1334 hydrolytic enzymes 1317:1334 To assess the digestibility of the three varieties, stem tissue was treated with either hydrolytic enzymes or dilute acid and the release of fermentable glucose was determined. 27232754 4 32 theme photoperiod-sensitive 666:686 arg1 varieties 688:696 photoperiod-sensitive varieties 666:696 photoperiod-sensitive varieties 666:696 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 1 33 theme vegetative 86:95 arg1 tissues 97:103 Sorghum vegetative tissues 78:103 Sorghum vegetative tissues 78:103 Sorghum vegetative tissues are becoming increasingly important for biofuel production. 27232754 7 34 theme photoperiod-insensitive 1145:1167 arg1 varieties 1169:1177 photoperiod-insensitive varieties 1145:1177 photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan) 1145:1226 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 7 34 theme photoperiod-insensitive 1145:1167 arg1 BTx623 1187:1192 BTx623 1187:1192 BTx623 1187:1192 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 7 34 theme photoperiod-insensitive 1145:1167 arg1 Rio 1179:1181 Rio 1179:1181 Rio 1179:1181 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 9 35 theme sorghum 1589:1595 arg1 tissue 1602:1607 this sorghum stem tissue 1584:1607 this sorghum stem tissue 1584:1607 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 4 36 dep 1,3 621:623 arg1 1,4 625:627 1,4 625:627 1,3;1,4 621:627 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 4 37 dep 1,3 759:761 arg1 1,4 763:765 1,4 763:765 1,3;1,4 759:765 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 1 38 theme biofuel 145:151 arg1 production 153:162 biofuel production 145:162 biofuel production 145:162 Sorghum vegetative tissues are becoming increasingly important for biofuel production. 27232754 2 39 theme sorghum 184:190 arg1 tissues 197:203 sorghum stem tissues 184:203 sorghum stem tissues 184:203 The composition of sorghum stem tissues is influenced by genotype, environment and photoperiod sensitivity, and varies widely between varieties and also between different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith). 27232754 0 40 theme Raw 38:40 arg1 Materials 42:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 27232754 7 41 theme pith 1123:1126 arg1 tissues 1128:1134 pith tissues 1123:1134 pith tissues 1123:1134 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 7 42 dep % 1042:1042 arg1 1,3 1049:1051 1,3 1049:1051 1,3;1,4 1049:1055 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 2 43 theme outer 350:354 arg1 rind 356:359 outer rind 350:359 outer rind 350:359 The composition of sorghum stem tissues is influenced by genotype, environment and photoperiod sensitivity, and varies widely between varieties and also between different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith). 27232754 5 44 theme bicolor 976:982 arg1 ssp 984:986 S. bicolor ssp 973:986 S. bicolor ssp 973:986 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 45 dep line 967:970 arg1 ssp 984:986 S. bicolor ssp 973:986 S. bicolor ssp 973:986 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 9 46 theme highest 1425:1431 arg1 content 1440:1446 the highest lignin content 1421:1446 the highest lignin content 1421:1446 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 11 47 theme new 1768:1770 arg1 avenues 1772:1778 new avenues 1768:1778 new avenues of research 1768:1790 This information opens new avenues of research to generate sorghum lines optimised for biofuel production. 27232754 7 48 theme SbCslH3 1094:1100 arg1 levels 1113:1118 higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels 1075:1118 higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues 1075:1134 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 8 49 theme glucose 1382:1388 arg1 release 1359:1365 the release 1355:1365 the release of fermentable glucose 1355:1388 To assess the digestibility of the three varieties, stem tissue was treated with either hydrolytic enzymes or dilute acid and the release of fermentable glucose was determined. 27232754 2 50 theme tissues 197:203 arg1 composition 169:179 The composition 165:179 The composition of sorghum stem tissues 165:203 The composition of sorghum stem tissues is influenced by genotype, environment and photoperiod sensitivity, and varies widely between varieties and also between different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith). 27232754 4 51 dep % 614:614 arg1 1,3 621:623 1,3 621:623 1,3;1,4 621:627 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 7 52 theme SbCslF6 1082:1088 arg1 levels 1113:1118 higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels 1075:1118 higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues 1075:1134 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 9 53 from tissue 1602:1607 arg1 ha-1 1574:1577 10 344 L ha-1 1565:1577 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue 1565:1607 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 7 54 dep varieties 1169:1177 arg1 varieties 1169:1177 photoperiod-insensitive varieties 1145:1177 photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan) 1145:1226 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 7 54 dep varieties 1169:1177 arg1 BTx623 1187:1192 BTx623 1187:1192 BTx623 1187:1192 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 7 54 dep varieties 1169:1177 arg1 % 1197:1197 <1% w/w 1195:1201 <1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan 1195:1225 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 7 54 dep varieties 1169:1177 arg1 Rio 1179:1181 Rio 1179:1181 Rio 1179:1181 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 3 55 theme varieties 488:496 arg1 stems 456:460 the stems 452:460 the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, 452:545 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 3 56 theme photoperiod-sensitive 514:534 arg1 varieties 536:544 four photoperiod-sensitive varieties 509:544 four photoperiod-sensitive varieties 509:544 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 10 57 theme significant 1686:1696 arg1 effect 1698:1703 a significant effect 1684:1703 a significant effect 1684:1703 These data indicate that sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content may have a significant effect on digestibility and bioethanol yields. 27232754 3 58 theme diverse 472:478 arg1 varieties 488:496 twelve diverse sorghum varieties 465:496 twelve diverse sorghum varieties 465:496 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 3 58 theme diverse 472:478 arg1 varieties 536:544 four photoperiod-sensitive varieties 509:544 four photoperiod-sensitive varieties 509:544 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 2 59 theme different 326:334 arg1 tissues 341:347 different stem tissues 326:347 different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith) 326:374 The composition of sorghum stem tissues is influenced by genotype, environment and photoperiod sensitivity, and varies widely between varieties and also between different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith). 27232754 7 60 dep pith 1203:1206 arg1 1,3 1209:1211 1,3 1209:1211 1,3;1,4 1209:1215 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 10 61 contain have 1679:1682 arg1 content 1667:1673 sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content 1635:1673 sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content 1635:1673 These data indicate that sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content may have a significant effect on digestibility and bioethanol yields. 27232754 10 61 contain have 1679:1682 arg2 effect 1698:1703 a significant effect 1684:1703 a significant effect 1684:1703 These data indicate that sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content may have a significant effect on digestibility and bioethanol yields. 27232754 11 62 theme research 1783:1790 arg1 avenues 1772:1778 new avenues 1768:1778 new avenues of research 1768:1790 This information opens new avenues of research to generate sorghum lines optimised for biofuel production. 27232754 11 63 theme biofuel 1832:1838 arg1 production 1840:1849 biofuel production 1832:1849 biofuel production 1832:1849 This information opens new avenues of research to generate sorghum lines optimised for biofuel production. 27232754 4 64 theme photoperiod-insensitive 579:601 arg1 lines 603:607 most photoperiod-insensitive lines 574:607 most photoperiod-insensitive lines 574:607 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 4 65 dep % 752:752 arg1 1,3 759:761 1,3 759:761 1,3;1,4 759:765 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 5 66 theme photoperiod-sensitive 940:960 arg1 line 967:970 a photoperiod-sensitive wild line 938:970 a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp 938:986 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 10 67 theme sorghum 1635:1641 arg1 -β-glucan 1657:1665 sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan 1635:1665 sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content 1635:1673 These data indicate that sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content may have a significant effect on digestibility and bioethanol yields. 27232754 7 68 theme w/w 1199:1201 arg1 % 1197:1197 <1% w/w 1195:1201 <1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan 1195:1225 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 3 69 dep 1,3 409:411 arg1 1,4 413:415 1,4 413:415 1,3;1,4 409:415 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 5 70 theme S. 918:919 arg1 Rio 929:931 S. bicolor Rio 918:931 S. bicolor Rio 918:931 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 70 theme S. 918:919 arg1 variety 909:915 a sweet variety 901:915 a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) 901:932 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 4 71 theme pith 647:650 arg1 tissue 652:657 stem pith tissue 642:657 stem pith tissue 642:657 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 0 72 theme Case 66:69 arg1 Study 71:75 Sorghum Stem Case Study 53:75 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 0:76 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 27232754 4 73 from tissue 789:794 arg1 -β-glucan 767:775 -β-glucan 767:775 -β-glucan 767:775 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 7 74 dep 1,3 1209:1211 arg1 1,4 1213:1215 1,4 1213:1215 1,3;1,4 1209:1215 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 9 75 theme ethanol 1546:1552 arg1 yields 1554:1559 ethanol yields 1546:1559 ethanol yields 1546:1559 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 3 76 from amount 387:392 arg1 stems 456:460 the stems 452:460 the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, 452:545 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 4 77 from -β-glucan 767:775 arg1 tissue 789:794 the same tissue 780:794 the same tissue 780:794 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 5 78 theme cultivated 850:859 arg1 variety 867:873 a cultivated grain variety 848:873 a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623) 848:898 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 78 theme cultivated 850:859 arg1 bicolor 884:890 Sorghum bicolor BTx623 876:897 Sorghum bicolor BTx623 876:897 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 9 79 theme 344 1568:1570 arg1 ha-1 1574:1577 10 344 L ha-1 1565:1577 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue 1565:1607 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 2 80 dep genotype 222:229 arg1 sensitivity 260:270 sensitivity 260:270 sensitivity 260:270 The composition of sorghum stem tissues is influenced by genotype, environment and photoperiod sensitivity, and varies widely between varieties and also between different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith). 27232754 4 81 theme vegetative 712:721 arg1 stage 723:727 a vegetative stage 710:727 a vegetative stage 710:727 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 5 82 theme S. 973:974 arg1 ssp 984:986 S. bicolor ssp 973:986 S. bicolor ssp 973:986 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 83 theme further 833:839 arg1 study 841:845 further study 833:845 further study 833:845 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 8 84 theme dilute 1339:1344 arg1 acid 1346:1349 dilute acid 1339:1349 dilute acid 1339:1349 To assess the digestibility of the three varieties, stem tissue was treated with either hydrolytic enzymes or dilute acid and the release of fermentable glucose was determined. 27232754 0 85 theme Renewable 28:36 arg1 Materials 42:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 27232754 9 86 theme stem 1597:1600 arg1 tissue 1602:1607 this sorghum stem tissue 1584:1607 this sorghum stem tissue 1584:1607 Despite having the highest lignin content, Arun yielded significantly more glucose than the other varieties, and theoretical calculation of ethanol yields was 10 344 L ha-1 from this sorghum stem tissue. 27232754 2 87 theme stem 192:195 arg1 tissues 197:203 sorghum stem tissues 184:203 sorghum stem tissues 184:203 The composition of sorghum stem tissues is influenced by genotype, environment and photoperiod sensitivity, and varies widely between varieties and also between different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith). 27232754 7 88 dep did 1141:1143 arg1 than 1136:1139 than 1136:1139 than 1136:1139 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 3 89 theme cellulose 397:405 arg1 xylose 442:447 xylose 442:447 xylose 442:447 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 3 89 theme cellulose 397:405 arg1 amount 387:392 the amount 383:392 the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, 383:545 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 3 89 theme cellulose 397:405 arg1 arabinose 428:436 arabinose 428:436 arabinose 428:436 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 3 89 theme cellulose 397:405 arg1 -β-glucan 417:425 -β-glucan 417:425 -β-glucan 417:425 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 3 89 theme cellulose 397:405 arg1 cellulose 397:405 cellulose 397:405 cellulose 397:405 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 10 90 dep -β-glucan 1657:1665 arg1 1,3 1649:1651 1,3 1649:1651 1,3;1,4 1649:1655 These data indicate that sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content may have a significant effect on digestibility and bioethanol yields. 27232754 0 91 theme Sorghum 53:59 arg1 Study 71:75 Sorghum Stem Case Study 53:75 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 0:76 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 27232754 5 92 theme sweet 903:907 arg1 Rio 929:931 S. bicolor Rio 918:931 S. bicolor Rio 918:931 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 92 theme sweet 903:907 arg1 variety 909:915 a sweet variety 901:915 a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) 901:932 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 7 93 theme transcript 1102:1111 arg1 levels 1113:1118 higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels 1075:1118 higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues 1075:1134 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 8 94 theme fermentable 1370:1380 arg1 glucose 1382:1388 fermentable glucose 1370:1388 fermentable glucose 1370:1388 To assess the digestibility of the three varieties, stem tissue was treated with either hydrolytic enzymes or dilute acid and the release of fermentable glucose was determined. 27232754 4 95 theme w/w 754:756 arg1 % 752:752 up to 6% w/w 745:756 up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4) 745:766 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 4 96 from tissue 652:657 arg1 -β-glucan 629:637 -β-glucan 629:637 -β-glucan 629:637 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 0 97 dep Prospecting 0:10 arg1 Study 71:75 Sorghum Stem Case Study 53:75 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 0:76 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Sorghum Stem Case Study. 27232754 5 98 theme Sorghum 876:882 arg1 variety 867:873 a cultivated grain variety 848:873 a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623) 848:898 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 5 98 theme Sorghum 876:882 arg1 bicolor 884:890 Sorghum bicolor BTx623 876:897 Sorghum bicolor BTx623 876:897 Three sorghum lines were chosen for further study: a cultivated grain variety (Sorghum bicolor BTx623), a sweet variety (S. bicolor Rio) and a photoperiod-sensitive wild line (S. bicolor ssp. 27232754 10 99 dep 1,3 1649:1651 arg1 1,4 1653:1655 1,4 1653:1655 1,3;1,4 1649:1655 These data indicate that sorghum stem (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content may have a significant effect on digestibility and bioethanol yields. 27232754 7 100 dep 1,3 1049:1051 arg1 1,4 1053:1055 1,4 1053:1055 1,3;1,4 1049:1055 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 2 101 theme stem 336:339 arg1 tissues 341:347 different stem tissues 326:347 different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith) 326:374 The composition of sorghum stem tissues is influenced by genotype, environment and photoperiod sensitivity, and varies widely between varieties and also between different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith). 27232754 3 102 dep -β-glucan 417:425 arg1 1,3 409:411 1,3 409:411 1,3;1,4 409:415 Here, the amount of cellulose, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, arabinose and xylose in the stems of twelve diverse sorghum varieties, including four photoperiod-sensitive varieties, was measured. 27232754 7 103 theme higher 1075:1080 arg1 levels 1113:1118 higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels 1075:1118 higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues 1075:1134 The Arun line accumulated 5.5% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and had higher SbCslF6 and SbCslH3 transcript levels in pith tissues than did photoperiod-insensitive varieties Rio and BTx623 (<1% w/w pith (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan). 27232754 4 104 theme most 574:577 arg1 lines 603:607 most photoperiod-insensitive lines 574:607 most photoperiod-insensitive lines 574:607 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 27232754 2 105 theme inner 364:368 arg1 pith 370:373 inner pith 364:373 inner pith 364:373 The composition of sorghum stem tissues is influenced by genotype, environment and photoperiod sensitivity, and varies widely between varieties and also between different stem tissues (outer rind vs inner pith). 27232754 4 106 from -β-glucan 629:637 arg1 tissue 652:657 stem pith tissue 642:657 stem pith tissue 642:657 At maturity, most photoperiod-insensitive lines had 1% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in stem pith tissue whilst photoperiod-sensitive varieties remained in a vegetative stage and accumulated up to 6% w/w (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the same tissue. 25231063 10 0 theme diet-induced 1664:1675 arg1 changes 1677:1683 diet-induced changes 1664:1683 diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels 1664:1723 The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. 25231063 1 1 theme cardiovascular 243:256 arg1 disease 258:264 cardiovascular disease 243:264 cardiovascular disease 243:264 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 1 theme cardiovascular 243:256 arg1 diseases 212:219 diet related diseases 199:219 diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes 199:240 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 9 2 theme pro- 1579:1582 arg1 cytokines 1609:1617 pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines 1579:1617 pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines 1579:1617 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 3 3 theme C57BL/6 529:535 arg1 mouse 539:543 the C57BL/6 J mouse 525:543 the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model 525:625 RESULTS We used the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model. 25231063 3 3 theme C57BL/6 529:535 arg1 counterpart 565:575 a counterpart 563:575 a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model 563:625 RESULTS We used the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model. 25231063 13 4 theme gene-expression 2119:2133 arg1 signature 2135:2143 the early gene-expression signature 2109:2143 the early gene-expression signature for the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes 2109:2188 CONCLUSION We identified the early gene-expression signature for the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 9 5 theme anti-inflammatory 1591:1607 arg1 cytokines 1609:1617 pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines 1579:1617 pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines 1579:1617 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 6 6 theme different 1064:1072 arg1 compositions 1079:1090 different diet compositions 1064:1090 different diet compositions 1064:1090 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 3 7 used used 520:523 arg2 We 517:518 We 517:518 We 517:518 RESULTS We used the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model. 25231063 11 8 theme obesity 1972:1978 arg1 onset 1950:1954 the onset 1946:1954 the onset of diabetes and obesity 1946:1978 In the former two instances, however, we could exploit the models to further extract the early gene-expression signatures that accurately predict the onset of diabetes and obesity. 25231063 1 9 theme diet 199:202 arg1 stroke 267:272 stroke 267:272 stroke 267:272 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 9 theme diet 199:202 arg1 liver 284:288 fatty liver 278:288 fatty liver 278:288 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 9 theme diet 199:202 arg1 disease 258:264 cardiovascular disease 243:264 cardiovascular disease 243:264 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 9 theme diet 199:202 arg1 diseases 212:219 diet related diseases 199:219 diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes 199:240 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 11 10 theme gene-expression 1895:1909 arg1 signatures 1911:1920 the early gene-expression signatures 1885:1920 the early gene-expression signatures that accurately predict the onset of diabetes and obesity 1885:1978 In the former two instances, however, we could exploit the models to further extract the early gene-expression signatures that accurately predict the onset of diabetes and obesity. 25231063 9 11 theme least 1391:1395 arg1 analysis 1417:1424 partial least square discriminant analysis 1383:1424 partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method 1383:1440 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 9 11 theme least 1391:1395 arg1 PLS-DA 1427:1432 PLS-DA 1427:1432 PLS-DA 1427:1432 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 10 12 theme predictive 1739:1748 arg1 power 1750:1754 the predictive power 1735:1754 the predictive power for cytokines profiles 1735:1777 The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. 25231063 10 12 theme predictive 1739:1748 arg1 poor 1794:1797 poor 1794:1797 poor 1794:1797 The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. 25231063 9 13 theme discriminant 1404:1415 arg1 analysis 1417:1424 partial least square discriminant analysis 1383:1424 partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method 1383:1440 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 9 13 theme discriminant 1404:1415 arg1 PLS-DA 1427:1432 PLS-DA 1427:1432 PLS-DA 1427:1432 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 12 14 theme network 2040:2046 arg1 definition 2011:2020 definition 2011:2020 definition of the regulatory network involved in progression of disease 2011:2081 These extracted genes allowed definition of the regulatory network involved in progression of disease. 25231063 5 15 theme different 877:885 arg1 doses 887:891 different doses 877:891 different doses of the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1 877:926 The later were then further separated into subgroups that either received no additional treatment, or were treated with different doses of the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1. 25231063 8 16 theme body 1223:1226 arg1 parameters 1228:1237 different body parameters 1213:1237 different body parameters like body weight, blood Glucose level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory & pro-inflammatory) 1213:1336 Simultaneously, we also measured different body parameters like body weight, blood Glucose level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory & pro-inflammatory) at each time point for all the groups. 25231063 2 17 theme type 492:495 arg1 diabetes 499:506 type 2 diabetes 492:506 type 2 diabetes 492:506 In the present study we employed the murine model of diet-induced obesity to determine the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 14 18 theme potential 2272:2280 arg1 some 2235:2238 some 2235:2238 some 2235:2238 Further analysis of this data suggests that some of these genes could be used as potential biomarkers for these two disease-states. 25231063 14 18 theme potential 2272:2280 arg1 genes 2249:2253 these genes 2243:2253 these genes 2243:2253 Further analysis of this data suggests that some of these genes could be used as potential biomarkers for these two disease-states. 25231063 14 18 theme potential 2272:2280 arg1 biomarkers 2282:2291 potential biomarkers 2272:2291 potential biomarkers for these two disease-states 2272:2320 Further analysis of this data suggests that some of these genes could be used as potential biomarkers for these two disease-states. 25231063 7 19 theme gene-expression 1128:1142 arg1 data 1144:1147 extract gene-expression data 1120:1147 extract gene-expression data 1120:1147 These tissues were used to extract gene-expression data through microarray experiment. 25231063 3 20 theme diet-induced 581:592 arg1 diabetes 600:607 diet-induced human diabetes 581:607 diet-induced human diabetes 581:607 RESULTS We used the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model. 25231063 1 21 theme epidemic 155:162 arg1 Obesity 128:134 BACKGROUND Obesity 117:134 BACKGROUND Obesity 117:134 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 21 theme epidemic 155:162 arg1 disease 164:170 a worldwide epidemic disease 143:170 a worldwide epidemic disease 143:170 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 6 22 theme time 942:945 arg1 week6 962:966 week6 962:966 week6 962:966 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 22 theme time 942:945 arg1 week9 969:973 week9 969:973 week9 969:973 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 22 theme time 942:945 arg1 week18 995:1000 week18 995:1000 week18 995:1000 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 22 theme time 942:945 arg1 points 947:952 different time points 932:952 different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) 932:1001 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 22 theme time 942:945 arg1 week3 955:959 week3 955:959 week3 955:959 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 22 theme time 942:945 arg1 week12 976:981 week12 976:981 week12 976:981 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 22 theme time 942:945 arg1 week15 984:989 week15 984:989 week15 984:989 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 4 23 theme mice 675:678 arg1 one 681:683 one 681:683 one 681:683 Our initial experiments involved two groups of mice, one on normal diet (ND) and the other on high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHSD). 25231063 4 23 theme mice 675:678 arg1 mice 675:678 mice 675:678 mice 675:678 Our initial experiments involved two groups of mice, one on normal diet (ND) and the other on high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHSD). 25231063 4 23 theme mice 675:678 arg1 other 713:717 other 713:717 other 713:717 Our initial experiments involved two groups of mice, one on normal diet (ND) and the other on high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHSD). 25231063 4 23 theme mice 675:678 arg1 groups 665:670 two groups 661:670 two groups of mice 661:678 Our initial experiments involved two groups of mice, one on normal diet (ND) and the other on high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHSD). 25231063 7 24 used used 1112:1115 arg2 tissues 1099:1105 These tissues 1093:1105 These tissues 1093:1105 These tissues were used to extract gene-expression data through microarray experiment. 25231063 5 25 theme additional 834:843 arg1 treatment 845:853 no additional treatment 831:853 no additional treatment 831:853 The later were then further separated into subgroups that either received no additional treatment, or were treated with different doses of the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1. 25231063 8 26 theme blood 1257:1261 arg1 level 1271:1275 blood Glucose level 1257:1275 blood Glucose level 1257:1275 Simultaneously, we also measured different body parameters like body weight, blood Glucose level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory & pro-inflammatory) at each time point for all the groups. 25231063 1 27 theme BACKGROUND 117:126 arg1 Obesity 128:134 BACKGROUND Obesity 117:134 BACKGROUND Obesity 117:134 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 27 theme BACKGROUND 117:126 arg1 disease 164:170 a worldwide epidemic disease 143:170 a worldwide epidemic disease 143:170 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 0 28 theme regression 98:107 arg1 models 109:114 partial least square regression models 77:114 partial least square regression models 77:114 Molecular signatures for obesity and associated disorders identified through partial least square regression models. 25231063 11 29 theme diabetes 1959:1966 arg1 onset 1950:1954 the onset 1946:1954 the onset of diabetes and obesity 1946:1978 In the former two instances, however, we could exploit the models to further extract the early gene-expression signatures that accurately predict the onset of diabetes and obesity. 25231063 4 30 theme normal 688:693 arg1 ND 701:702 ND 701:702 ND 701:702 Our initial experiments involved two groups of mice, one on normal diet (ND) and the other on high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHSD). 25231063 4 30 theme normal 688:693 arg1 diet 695:698 normal diet 688:698 normal diet (ND) 688:703 Our initial experiments involved two groups of mice, one on normal diet (ND) and the other on high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHSD). 25231063 8 31 theme different 1213:1221 arg1 parameters 1228:1237 different body parameters 1213:1237 different body parameters like body weight, blood Glucose level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory & pro-inflammatory) 1213:1336 Simultaneously, we also measured different body parameters like body weight, blood Glucose level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory & pro-inflammatory) at each time point for all the groups. 25231063 5 32 theme formulation 910:920 arg1 KAL-1 922:926 the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1 896:926 the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1 896:926 The later were then further separated into subgroups that either received no additional treatment, or were treated with different doses of the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1. 25231063 9 33 dep identified 1445:1454 arg1 Using 1377:1381 Using 1377:1381 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method 1377:1440 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 2 34 theme expression 424:433 arg1 signatures 435:444 the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures 391:444 the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes 391:506 In the present study we employed the murine model of diet-induced obesity to determine the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 7 35 theme extract 1120:1126 arg1 data 1144:1147 extract gene-expression data 1120:1147 extract gene-expression data 1120:1147 These tissues were used to extract gene-expression data through microarray experiment. 25231063 2 36 theme diet-induced 357:368 arg1 obesity 370:376 diet-induced obesity 357:376 diet-induced obesity 357:376 In the present study we employed the murine model of diet-induced obesity to determine the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 0 37 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 signatures 10:19 Molecular signatures 0:19 Molecular signatures for obesity and associated disorders 0:56 Molecular signatures for obesity and associated disorders identified through partial least square regression models. 25231063 9 38 theme physiological 1496:1508 arg1 parameters 1510:1519 physiological parameters 1496:1519 physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines 1496:1617 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 8 39 dep weight 1249:1254 arg1 pro-inflammatory 1320:1335 pro-inflammatory 1320:1335 pro-inflammatory 1320:1335 Simultaneously, we also measured different body parameters like body weight, blood Glucose level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory & pro-inflammatory) at each time point for all the groups. 25231063 8 39 dep weight 1249:1254 arg1 profile 1291:1297 profile 1291:1297 profile 1291:1297 Simultaneously, we also measured different body parameters like body weight, blood Glucose level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory & pro-inflammatory) at each time point for all the groups. 25231063 1 40 theme fatty 278:282 arg1 liver 284:288 fatty liver 278:288 fatty liver 278:288 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 40 theme fatty 278:282 arg1 diseases 212:219 diet related diseases 199:219 diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes 199:240 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 3 41 dep RESULTS 509:515 arg1 used 520:523 used 520:523 used the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model 520:625 RESULTS We used the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model. 25231063 14 42 used used 2264:2267 arg2 biomarkers 2282:2291 potential biomarkers 2272:2291 potential biomarkers for these two disease-states 2272:2320 Further analysis of this data suggests that some of these genes could be used as potential biomarkers for these two disease-states. 25231063 14 42 used used 2264:2267 arg2 some 2235:2238 some 2235:2238 some 2235:2238 Further analysis of this data suggests that some of these genes could be used as potential biomarkers for these two disease-states. 25231063 14 42 used used 2264:2267 arg2 genes 2249:2253 these genes 2243:2253 these genes 2243:2253 Further analysis of this data suggests that some of these genes could be used as potential biomarkers for these two disease-states. 25231063 4 43 theme initial 632:638 arg1 experiments 640:650 Our initial experiments 628:650 Our initial experiments 628:650 Our initial experiments involved two groups of mice, one on normal diet (ND) and the other on high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHSD). 25231063 9 44 theme glucose 1532:1538 arg1 levels 1540:1545 blood glucose levels 1526:1545 blood glucose levels 1526:1545 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 3 45 theme obesity 613:619 arg1 model 621:625 obesity model 613:625 obesity model 613:625 RESULTS We used the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model. 25231063 2 46 theme present 311:317 arg1 study 319:323 the present study 307:323 the present study 307:323 In the present study we employed the murine model of diet-induced obesity to determine the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 6 47 theme different 1009:1017 arg1 tissues 1019:1025 eight different tissues 1003:1025 eight different tissues 1003:1025 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 14 48 theme Further 2191:2197 arg1 analysis 2199:2206 Further analysis 2191:2206 Further analysis of this data 2191:2219 Further analysis of this data suggests that some of these genes could be used as potential biomarkers for these two disease-states. 25231063 10 49 theme body 1688:1691 arg1 weight 1693:1698 body weight 1688:1698 body weight 1688:1698 The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. 25231063 10 50 theme glucose 1710:1716 arg1 levels 1718:1723 blood glucose levels 1704:1723 blood glucose levels 1704:1723 The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. 25231063 13 51 theme early 2113:2117 arg1 signature 2135:2143 the early gene-expression signature 2109:2143 the early gene-expression signature for the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes 2109:2188 CONCLUSION We identified the early gene-expression signature for the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 6 52 theme diet 1074:1077 arg1 compositions 1079:1090 different diet compositions 1064:1090 different diet compositions 1064:1090 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 9 53 theme cytokines 1609:1617 arg1 levels 1540:1545 blood glucose levels 1526:1545 blood glucose levels 1526:1545 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 9 53 theme cytokines 1609:1617 arg1 weight 1553:1558 body weight 1548:1558 body weight 1548:1558 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 9 53 theme cytokines 1609:1617 arg1 balance 1568:1574 the balance 1564:1574 the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines 1564:1617 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 10 54 from changes 1677:1683 arg1 weight 1693:1698 body weight 1688:1698 body weight 1688:1698 The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. 25231063 10 54 from changes 1677:1683 arg1 levels 1718:1723 blood glucose levels 1704:1723 blood glucose levels 1704:1723 The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. 25231063 12 55 theme disease 2075:2081 arg1 progression 2060:2070 progression 2060:2070 progression of disease 2060:2081 These extracted genes allowed definition of the regulatory network involved in progression of disease. 25231063 1 56 theme major 184:188 arg1 risk 190:193 a major risk 182:193 a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others 182:301 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 3 57 theme J 537:537 arg1 mouse 539:543 the C57BL/6 J mouse 525:543 the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model 525:625 RESULTS We used the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model. 25231063 3 57 theme J 537:537 arg1 counterpart 565:575 a counterpart 563:575 a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model 563:625 RESULTS We used the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model. 25231063 11 58 theme early 1889:1893 arg1 signatures 1911:1920 the early gene-expression signatures 1885:1920 the early gene-expression signatures that accurately predict the onset of diabetes and obesity 1885:1978 In the former two instances, however, we could exploit the models to further extract the early gene-expression signatures that accurately predict the onset of diabetes and obesity. 25231063 1 59 theme related 204:210 arg1 stroke 267:272 stroke 267:272 stroke 267:272 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 59 theme related 204:210 arg1 liver 284:288 fatty liver 278:288 fatty liver 278:288 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 59 theme related 204:210 arg1 disease 258:264 cardiovascular disease 243:264 cardiovascular disease 243:264 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 59 theme related 204:210 arg1 diseases 212:219 diet related diseases 199:219 diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes 199:240 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 9 60 theme square 1397:1402 arg1 analysis 1417:1424 partial least square discriminant analysis 1383:1424 partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method 1383:1440 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 9 60 theme square 1397:1402 arg1 PLS-DA 1427:1432 PLS-DA 1427:1432 PLS-DA 1427:1432 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 5 61 theme KAL-1 922:926 arg1 doses 887:891 different doses 877:891 different doses of the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1 877:926 The later were then further separated into subgroups that either received no additional treatment, or were treated with different doses of the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1. 25231063 3 62 theme human 594:598 arg1 diabetes 600:607 diet-induced human diabetes 581:607 diet-induced human diabetes 581:607 RESULTS We used the C57BL/6 J mouse which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced human diabetes and obesity model. 25231063 9 63 theme analysis 1417:1424 arg1 method 1435:1440 partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method 1383:1440 partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method 1383:1440 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 12 64 theme regulatory 2029:2038 arg1 network 2040:2046 the regulatory network 2025:2046 the regulatory network involved in progression of disease 2025:2081 These extracted genes allowed definition of the regulatory network involved in progression of disease. 25231063 0 65 theme partial 77:83 arg1 models 109:114 partial least square regression models 77:114 partial least square regression models 77:114 Molecular signatures for obesity and associated disorders identified through partial least square regression models. 25231063 1 66 theme worldwide 145:153 arg1 Obesity 128:134 BACKGROUND Obesity 117:134 BACKGROUND Obesity 117:134 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 1 66 theme worldwide 145:153 arg1 disease 164:170 a worldwide epidemic disease 143:170 a worldwide epidemic disease 143:170 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 12 67 theme extracted 1987:1995 arg1 genes 1997:2001 These extracted genes 1981:2001 These extracted genes 1981:2001 These extracted genes allowed definition of the regulatory network involved in progression of disease. 25231063 6 68 theme different 932:940 arg1 week6 962:966 week6 962:966 week6 962:966 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 68 theme different 932:940 arg1 week9 969:973 week9 969:973 week9 969:973 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 68 theme different 932:940 arg1 week18 995:1000 week18 995:1000 week18 995:1000 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 68 theme different 932:940 arg1 points 947:952 different time points 932:952 different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) 932:1001 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 68 theme different 932:940 arg1 week3 955:959 week3 955:959 week3 955:959 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 68 theme different 932:940 arg1 week12 976:981 week12 976:981 week12 976:981 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 68 theme different 932:940 arg1 week15 984:989 week15 984:989 week15 984:989 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 8 69 theme body 1244:1247 arg1 weight 1249:1254 body weight 1244:1254 body weight 1244:1254 Simultaneously, we also measured different body parameters like body weight, blood Glucose level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory & pro-inflammatory) at each time point for all the groups. 25231063 6 70 dep points 947:952 arg1 week6 962:966 week6 962:966 week6 962:966 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 70 dep points 947:952 arg1 week9 969:973 week9 969:973 week9 969:973 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 70 dep points 947:952 arg1 week18 995:1000 week18 995:1000 week18 995:1000 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 70 dep points 947:952 arg1 points 947:952 different time points 932:952 different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) 932:1001 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 70 dep points 947:952 arg1 week3 955:959 week3 955:959 week3 955:959 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 70 dep points 947:952 arg1 week12 976:981 week12 976:981 week12 976:981 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 6 70 dep points 947:952 arg1 week15 984:989 week15 984:989 week15 984:989 At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from mice being fed on different diet compositions. 25231063 9 71 theme gene-expression 1456:1470 arg1 signatures 1472:1481 gene-expression signatures 1456:1481 gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines 1456:1617 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 5 72 theme Ayurvedic 900:908 arg1 KAL-1 922:926 the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1 896:926 the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1 896:926 The later were then further separated into subgroups that either received no additional treatment, or were treated with different doses of the Ayurvedic formulation KAL-1. 25231063 8 73 theme Glucose 1263:1269 arg1 level 1271:1275 blood Glucose level 1257:1275 blood Glucose level 1257:1275 Simultaneously, we also measured different body parameters like body weight, blood Glucose level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory & pro-inflammatory) at each time point for all the groups. 25231063 2 74 theme obesity 370:376 arg1 model 348:352 the murine model 337:352 the murine model of diet-induced obesity 337:376 In the present study we employed the murine model of diet-induced obesity to determine the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 2 75 theme gene 419:422 arg1 signatures 435:444 the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures 391:444 the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes 391:506 In the present study we employed the murine model of diet-induced obesity to determine the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 14 76 theme data 2216:2219 arg1 analysis 2199:2206 Further analysis 2191:2206 Further analysis of this data 2191:2219 Further analysis of this data suggests that some of these genes could be used as potential biomarkers for these two disease-states. 25231063 13 77 theme diabetes 2181:2188 arg1 onset 2153:2157 the onset 2149:2157 the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes 2149:2188 CONCLUSION We identified the early gene-expression signature for the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 0 78 dep partial 77:83 arg1 square 91:96 square 91:96 square 91:96 Molecular signatures for obesity and associated disorders identified through partial least square regression models. 25231063 10 79 theme cytokines 1760:1768 arg1 profiles 1770:1777 cytokines profiles 1760:1777 cytokines profiles 1760:1777 The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. 25231063 10 80 theme blood 1704:1708 arg1 levels 1718:1723 blood glucose levels 1704:1723 blood glucose levels 1704:1723 The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. 25231063 2 81 theme early 395:399 arg1 signatures 435:444 the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures 391:444 the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes 391:506 In the present study we employed the murine model of diet-induced obesity to determine the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 0 82 theme associated 37:46 arg1 disorders 48:56 associated disorders 37:56 associated disorders 37:56 Molecular signatures for obesity and associated disorders identified through partial least square regression models. 25231063 9 83 theme partial 1383:1389 arg1 analysis 1417:1424 partial least square discriminant analysis 1383:1424 partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method 1383:1440 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 9 83 theme partial 1383:1389 arg1 PLS-DA 1427:1432 PLS-DA 1427:1432 PLS-DA 1427:1432 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 9 84 theme blood 1526:1530 arg1 levels 1540:1545 blood glucose levels 1526:1545 blood glucose levels 1526:1545 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 13 85 theme obesity 2162:2168 arg1 onset 2153:2157 the onset 2149:2157 the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes 2149:2188 CONCLUSION We identified the early gene-expression signature for the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 2 86 dep early 395:399 arg1 tissue-specific 402:416 tissue-specific 402:416 tissue-specific 402:416 In the present study we employed the murine model of diet-induced obesity to determine the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 11 87 theme former 1807:1812 arg1 instances 1818:1826 the former two instances 1803:1826 the former two instances 1803:1826 In the former two instances, however, we could exploit the models to further extract the early gene-expression signatures that accurately predict the onset of diabetes and obesity. 25231063 13 88 theme type 2174:2177 arg1 diabetes 2181:2188 type 2 diabetes 2174:2188 type 2 diabetes 2174:2188 CONCLUSION We identified the early gene-expression signature for the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 9 89 theme body 1548:1551 arg1 weight 1553:1558 body weight 1548:1558 body weight 1548:1558 Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. 25231063 13 90 dep CONCLUSION 2084:2093 arg1 identified 2098:2107 identified 2098:2107 identified the early gene-expression signature for the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes 2098:2188 CONCLUSION We identified the early gene-expression signature for the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes. 25231063 10 91 theme resulting 1624:1632 arg1 models 1634:1639 The resulting models 1620:1639 The resulting models 1620:1639 The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood glucose levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. 25231063 4 92 from one 681:683 arg1 ND 701:702 ND 701:702 ND 701:702 Our initial experiments involved two groups of mice, one on normal diet (ND) and the other on high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHSD). 25231063 4 92 from one 681:683 arg1 diet 695:698 normal diet 688:698 normal diet (ND) 688:703 Our initial experiments involved two groups of mice, one on normal diet (ND) and the other on high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHSD). 25231063 1 93 theme type 226:229 arg1 diabetes 233:240 type 2 diabetes 226:240 type 2 diabetes 226:240 BACKGROUND Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic disease and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and fatty liver among others. 25231063 7 94 theme microarray 1157:1166 arg1 experiment 1168:1177 microarray experiment 1157:1177 microarray experiment 1157:1177 These tissues were used to extract gene-expression data through microarray experiment. 25231063 8 95 theme time 1346:1349 arg1 point 1351:1355 each time point 1341:1355 each time point 1341:1355 Simultaneously, we also measured different body parameters like body weight, blood Glucose level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory & pro-inflammatory) at each time point for all the groups. 25231063 2 96 theme murine 341:346 arg1 model 348:352 the murine model 337:352 the murine model of diet-induced obesity 337:376 In the present study we employed the murine model of diet-induced obesity to determine the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to obesity and type 2 diabetes. 28743594 8 0 theme rhamnolipids 1171:1182 arg1 effect 1161:1166 A dose-dependent effect 1144:1166 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines 1144:1242 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. 28743594 6 1 theme quantification 971:984 arg1 terms 937:941 terms 937:941 terms of chemical composition and quantification 937:984 Before performing permeability studies, rhamnolipids mixture was analysed in terms of chemical composition and quantification through mass analysis and HPLC. 28743594 8 2 located observed 1248:1255 arg2 effect 1161:1166 A dose-dependent effect 1144:1166 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines 1144:1242 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. 28743594 8 2 located observed 1248:1255 arg1 concentrations 1276:1289 relatively safe concentrations 1260:1289 relatively safe concentrations 1260:1289 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. 28743594 9 3 theme junction 1431:1438 arg1 opening 1440:1446 a reversible tight junction opening 1412:1446 a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route) 1412:1467 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 9 3 theme junction 1431:1438 arg1 route 1462:1466 paracellular route 1449:1466 paracellular route 1449:1466 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 4 4 theme macromolecular 696:709 arg1 drugs 711:715 macromolecular drugs 696:715 macromolecular drugs 696:715 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 9 5 theme paracellular 1449:1460 arg1 opening 1440:1446 a reversible tight junction opening 1412:1446 a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route) 1412:1467 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 9 5 theme paracellular 1449:1460 arg1 route 1462:1466 paracellular route 1449:1466 paracellular route 1449:1466 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 2 6 theme biosurfactants 347:360 arg1 " 361:361 the so called biosurfactants" 333:361 the so called biosurfactants" 333:361 Although many studies have been performed in this field using synthetic surfactants, the possibility of employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") has not been completely explored. 28743594 2 6 theme biosurfactants 347:360 arg1 bacteria 323:330 bacteria 323:330 bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") 323:362 Although many studies have been performed in this field using synthetic surfactants, the possibility of employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") has not been completely explored. 28743594 7 7 theme cell 1132:1135 arg1 lines 1137:1141 Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines 1114:1141 lines 1137:1141 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were also conducted using Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines. 28743594 4 8 theme isothiocyanate-labelled 600:622 arg1 dextrans 624:631 fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa 588:636 fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa 588:636 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 6 9 theme rhamnolipids 900:911 arg1 mixture 913:919 rhamnolipids mixture 900:919 rhamnolipids mixture 900:919 Before performing permeability studies, rhamnolipids mixture was analysed in terms of chemical composition and quantification through mass analysis and HPLC. 28743594 9 10 theme permeability 1559:1570 arg1 term 1551:1554 term 1551:1554 term of permeability 1551:1570 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 4 11 theme fluorescein 588:598 arg1 dextrans 624:631 fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa 588:636 fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa 588:636 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 8 12 theme FD4 1196:1198 arg1 permeability 1208:1219 FD4 or FD10 permeability 1196:1219 FD4 or FD10 permeability 1196:1219 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. 28743594 9 13 theme using 1336:1340 arg1 rhamnolipids 1342:1353 using rhamnolipids 1336:1353 using rhamnolipids 1336:1353 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 5 14 dep in 791:792 arg1 vitro 794:798 vitro 794:798 vitro 794:798 These cell lines were selected as an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs. 28743594 2 15 theme surfactants 299:309 arg1 possibility 274:284 the possibility 270:284 the possibility of employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") 270:362 Although many studies have been performed in this field using synthetic surfactants, the possibility of employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") has not been completely explored. 28743594 3 16 theme characterized 431:443 arg1 class 445:449 the most well characterized class 417:449 the most well characterized class of biosurfactants 417:467 Among them, one of the most well characterized class of biosurfactants are rhamnolipids. 28743594 9 17 theme rhamnolipids 1342:1353 arg1 possibility 1321:1331 the possibility 1317:1331 the possibility of using rhamnolipids 1317:1353 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 9 17 theme rhamnolipids 1342:1353 arg1 enhancers 1369:1377 absorption enhancers 1358:1377 absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs 1358:1402 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 7 18 theme Calu-3 1125:1130 arg1 lines 1137:1141 Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines 1114:1141 lines 1137:1141 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were also conducted using Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines. 28743594 2 19 theme employing 289:297 arg1 surfactants 299:309 employing surfactants 289:309 employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") 289:362 Although many studies have been performed in this field using synthetic surfactants, the possibility of employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") has not been completely explored. 28743594 3 20 theme class 445:449 arg1 one 410:412 one 410:412 one 410:412 Among them, one of the most well characterized class of biosurfactants are rhamnolipids. 28743594 3 20 theme class 445:449 arg1 class 445:449 the most well characterized class 417:449 the most well characterized class of biosurfactants 417:467 Among them, one of the most well characterized class of biosurfactants are rhamnolipids. 28743594 3 20 theme class 445:449 arg1 rhamnolipids 473:484 rhamnolipids 473:484 rhamnolipids 473:484 Among them, one of the most well characterized class of biosurfactants are rhamnolipids. 28743594 8 21 theme FD10 1203:1206 arg1 permeability 1208:1219 FD4 or FD10 permeability 1196:1219 FD4 or FD10 permeability 1196:1219 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. 28743594 6 22 theme permeability 878:889 arg1 studies 891:897 permeability studies 878:897 permeability studies 878:897 Before performing permeability studies, rhamnolipids mixture was analysed in terms of chemical composition and quantification through mass analysis and HPLC. 28743594 9 23 theme absorption 1358:1367 arg1 possibility 1321:1331 the possibility 1317:1331 the possibility of using rhamnolipids 1317:1353 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 9 23 theme absorption 1358:1367 arg1 enhancers 1369:1377 absorption enhancers 1358:1377 absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs 1358:1402 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 1 24 theme surfactants 94:104 arg1 use 87:89 The use 83:89 The use of surfactants as drug permeability enhancers across epithelial barriers 83:162 The use of surfactants as drug permeability enhancers across epithelial barriers remains a challenge. 28743594 8 25 theme safe 1271:1274 arg1 concentrations 1276:1289 relatively safe concentrations 1260:1289 relatively safe concentrations 1260:1289 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. 28743594 6 26 theme mass 994:997 arg1 analysis 999:1006 mass analysis 994:1006 mass analysis 994:1006 Before performing permeability studies, rhamnolipids mixture was analysed in terms of chemical composition and quantification through mass analysis and HPLC. 28743594 7 27 theme Caco-2 1114:1119 arg1 lines 1137:1141 Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines 1114:1141 lines 1137:1141 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were also conducted using Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines. 28743594 5 28 theme drugs 853:857 arg1 administration 835:848 the oral and respiratory administration 810:848 the oral and respiratory administration of drugs 810:857 These cell lines were selected as an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs. 28743594 0 29 theme permeability 27:38 arg1 enhancers 40:48 epithelial permeability enhancers 16:48 epithelial permeability enhancers for macromolecular therapeutics 16:80 Rhamnolipids as epithelial permeability enhancers for macromolecular therapeutics. 28743594 4 30 theme rhamnolipids 541:552 arg1 effect 531:536 the effect 527:536 the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) 527:681 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 1 31 theme drug 109:112 arg1 enhancers 127:135 drug permeability enhancers 109:135 drug permeability enhancers across epithelial barriers 109:162 The use of surfactants as drug permeability enhancers across epithelial barriers remains a challenge. 28743594 0 32 theme epithelial 16:25 arg1 enhancers 40:48 epithelial permeability enhancers 16:48 epithelial permeability enhancers for macromolecular therapeutics 16:80 Rhamnolipids as epithelial permeability enhancers for macromolecular therapeutics. 28743594 4 33 theme epithelial 561:570 arg1 permeability 572:583 the epithelial permeability 557:583 the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) 557:681 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 9 34 theme action 1541:1546 arg1 mechanism 1528:1536 their mechanism 1522:1536 their mechanism of action 1522:1546 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 9 35 dep suggest 1309:1315 arg1 despite 1470:1476 despite 1470:1476 despite 1470:1476 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 1 36 theme permeability 114:125 arg1 enhancers 127:135 drug permeability enhancers 109:135 drug permeability enhancers across epithelial barriers 109:162 The use of surfactants as drug permeability enhancers across epithelial barriers remains a challenge. 28743594 5 37 theme respiratory 823:833 arg1 administration 835:848 the oral and respiratory administration 810:848 the oral and respiratory administration of drugs 810:857 These cell lines were selected as an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs. 28743594 8 38 theme cell 1233:1236 arg1 lines 1238:1242 both cell lines 1228:1242 both cell lines 1228:1242 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. 28743594 9 39 theme macromolecular 1383:1396 arg1 drugs 1398:1402 macromolecular drugs 1383:1402 macromolecular drugs 1383:1402 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 4 40 from effect 531:536 arg1 permeability 572:583 the epithelial permeability 557:583 the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) 557:681 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 6 41 theme composition 955:965 arg1 terms 937:941 terms 937:941 terms of chemical composition and quantification 937:984 Before performing permeability studies, rhamnolipids mixture was analysed in terms of chemical composition and quantification through mass analysis and HPLC. 28743594 2 42 theme many 194:197 arg1 studies 199:205 many studies 194:205 many studies 194:205 Although many studies have been performed in this field using synthetic surfactants, the possibility of employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") has not been completely explored. 28743594 2 43 theme synthetic 247:255 arg1 surfactants 257:267 synthetic surfactants 247:267 synthetic surfactants 247:267 Although many studies have been performed in this field using synthetic surfactants, the possibility of employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") has not been completely explored. 28743594 7 44 theme transepithelial 1035:1049 arg1 TEER 1074:1077 TEER 1074:1077 TEER 1074:1077 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were also conducted using Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines. 28743594 7 44 theme transepithelial 1035:1049 arg1 resistance 1062:1071 transepithelial electrical resistance 1035:1071 transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) 1035:1078 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were also conducted using Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines. 28743594 3 45 theme biosurfactants 454:467 arg1 class 445:449 the most well characterized class 417:449 the most well characterized class of biosurfactants 417:467 Among them, one of the most well characterized class of biosurfactants are rhamnolipids. 28743594 5 46 theme in 791:792 arg1 lines 765:769 These cell lines 754:769 These cell lines 754:769 These cell lines were selected as an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs. 28743594 5 46 theme in 791:792 arg1 model 800:804 an in vitro model 788:804 an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs 788:857 These cell lines were selected as an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs. 28743594 6 47 theme chemical 946:953 arg1 composition 955:965 chemical composition 946:965 chemical composition 946:965 Before performing permeability studies, rhamnolipids mixture was analysed in terms of chemical composition and quantification through mass analysis and HPLC. 28743594 7 48 theme electrical 1051:1060 arg1 TEER 1074:1077 TEER 1074:1077 TEER 1074:1077 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were also conducted using Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines. 28743594 7 48 theme electrical 1051:1060 arg1 resistance 1062:1071 transepithelial electrical resistance 1035:1071 transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) 1035:1078 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were also conducted using Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines. 28743594 0 49 theme macromolecular 54:67 arg1 therapeutics 69:80 macromolecular therapeutics 54:80 macromolecular therapeutics 54:80 Rhamnolipids as epithelial permeability enhancers for macromolecular therapeutics. 28743594 4 50 dep 10kDa 642:646 arg1 FD4 655:657 FD4 655:657 FD4 655:657 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 4 50 dep 10kDa 642:646 arg1 FD10 663:666 FD10 663:666 FD10 663:666 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 7 51 theme Cytotoxicity 1018:1029 arg1 studies 1080:1086 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies 1018:1086 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies 1018:1086 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were also conducted using Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines. 28743594 8 52 from effect 1161:1166 arg1 permeability 1208:1219 FD4 or FD10 permeability 1196:1219 FD4 or FD10 permeability 1196:1219 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. 28743594 8 52 from effect 1161:1166 arg1 TEER 1187:1190 TEER 1187:1190 TEER 1187:1190 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. 28743594 9 53 theme reversible 1414:1423 arg1 opening 1440:1446 a reversible tight junction opening 1412:1446 a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route) 1412:1467 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 9 53 theme reversible 1414:1423 arg1 route 1462:1466 paracellular route 1449:1466 paracellular route 1449:1466 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 7 54 theme resistance 1062:1071 arg1 studies 1080:1086 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies 1018:1086 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies 1018:1086 Cytotoxicity and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were also conducted using Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell lines. 28743594 1 55 theme epithelial 144:153 arg1 barriers 155:162 epithelial barriers 144:162 epithelial barriers 144:162 The use of surfactants as drug permeability enhancers across epithelial barriers remains a challenge. 28743594 9 56 theme tight 1425:1429 arg1 opening 1440:1446 a reversible tight junction opening 1412:1446 a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route) 1412:1467 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 9 56 theme tight 1425:1429 arg1 route 1462:1466 paracellular route 1449:1466 paracellular route 1449:1466 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 2 57 theme called 340:345 arg1 " 361:361 the so called biosurfactants" 333:361 the so called biosurfactants" 333:361 Although many studies have been performed in this field using synthetic surfactants, the possibility of employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") has not been completely explored. 28743594 2 57 theme called 340:345 arg1 bacteria 323:330 bacteria 323:330 bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") 323:362 Although many studies have been performed in this field using synthetic surfactants, the possibility of employing surfactants produced by bacteria (the so called biosurfactants") has not been completely explored. 28743594 4 58 theme dextrans 624:631 arg1 permeability 572:583 the epithelial permeability 557:583 the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) 557:681 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 5 59 theme cell 760:763 arg1 lines 765:769 These cell lines 754:769 These cell lines 754:769 These cell lines were selected as an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs. 28743594 5 59 theme cell 760:763 arg1 model 800:804 an in vitro model 788:804 an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs 788:857 These cell lines were selected as an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs. 28743594 9 60 theme more 1478:1481 arg1 investigations 1483:1496 more investigations 1478:1496 more investigations 1478:1496 Overall, results suggest the possibility of using rhamnolipids as absorption enhancers for macromolecular drugs through a reversible tight junction opening (paracellular route), despite more investigations are required to confirm their mechanism of action in term of permeability. 28743594 4 61 theme 10kDa 642:646 arg1 permeability 572:583 the epithelial permeability 557:583 the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) 557:681 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 8 62 theme dose-dependent 1146:1159 arg1 effect 1161:1166 A dose-dependent effect 1144:1166 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines 1144:1242 A dose-dependent effect of rhamnolipids on TEER and FD4 or FD10 permeability across both cell lines was observed at relatively safe concentrations. 28743594 4 63 theme study 502:506 arg1 aim 491:493 The aim 487:493 The aim of the study 487:506 The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rhamnolipids on the epithelial permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextrans 4kDa and 10kDa (named FD4 and FD10, respectively) as model for macromolecular drugs, across Caco-2 and Calu-3monolayers. 28743594 5 64 theme oral 814:817 arg1 administration 835:848 the oral and respiratory administration 810:848 the oral and respiratory administration of drugs 810:857 These cell lines were selected as an in vitro model for the oral and respiratory administration of drugs. 24959679 8 0 theme strongest 978:986 arg1 capacity 1000:1007 antioxidant capacity 22.85 988:1013 antioxidant capacity 22.85 988:1013 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 5 1 theme major 518:522 arg1 constituents 532:543 the major mineral constituents 514:543 the major mineral constituents 514:543 Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the major mineral constituents. 24959679 5 1 theme major 518:522 arg1 magnesium 499:507 magnesium 499:507 magnesium 499:507 Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the major mineral constituents. 24959679 5 1 theme major 518:522 arg1 calcium 487:493 calcium 487:493 calcium 487:493 Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the major mineral constituents. 24959679 5 1 theme major 518:522 arg1 Potassium 476:484 Potassium 476:484 Potassium 476:484 Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the major mineral constituents. 24959679 7 2 theme de 794:795 arg1 Paris 797:801 the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris 762:801 the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris 762:801 The two parameters in the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris and Smooth Cayenne were relative low. 24959679 0 3 theme genotypes 84:92 arg1 properties 17:26 Physico-chemical properties 0:26 Physico-chemical properties 0:26 Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of pineapple genotypes grown in china. 24959679 0 3 theme genotypes 84:92 arg1 activity 41:48 antioxidant activity 29:48 antioxidant activity 29:48 Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of pineapple genotypes grown in china. 24959679 0 3 theme genotypes 84:92 arg1 contents 62:69 mineral contents 54:69 mineral contents 54:69 Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of pineapple genotypes grown in china. 24959679 8 4 theme mg/100 904:909 arg1 contents 888:895 TP contents 885:895 TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively) 885:952 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 8 4 theme mg/100 904:909 arg1 g 911:911 33.57 mg/100 g 898:911 33.57 mg/100 g 898:911 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 8 5 theme highest 869:875 arg1 AsA 877:879 AsA 877:879 AsA 877:879 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 1 6 theme mineral 174:180 arg1 contents 182:189 mineral contents 174:189 mineral contents 174:189 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 6 7 dep 77.55 691:695 arg1 to 688:689 to 688:689 to 688:689 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 3 8 theme pineapple 353:361 arg1 genotypes 363:371 these pineapple genotypes 347:371 these pineapple genotypes 347:371 The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of these pineapple genotypes. 24959679 8 9 theme TP 885:886 arg1 contents 888:895 TP contents 885:895 TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively) 885:952 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 8 9 theme TP 885:886 arg1 g 934:934 77.55 mg GAE/100 g 917:934 77.55 mg GAE/100 g 917:934 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 8 9 theme TP 885:886 arg1 g 911:911 33.57 mg/100 g 898:911 33.57 mg/100 g 898:911 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 8 10 theme 77.55 917:921 arg1 mg 923:924 mg 923:924 mg 923:924 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 4 11 theme dominant 390:397 arg1 sugar 399:403 the dominant sugar 386:403 the dominant sugar 386:403 Sucrose was the dominant sugar in all 26 genotypes, while citric acid was the principal organic acid. 24959679 4 11 theme dominant 390:397 arg1 Sucrose 374:380 Sucrose 374:380 Sucrose 374:380 Sucrose was the dominant sugar in all 26 genotypes, while citric acid was the principal organic acid. 24959679 6 12 theme TP 658:659 arg1 content 662:668 the total phenolic (TP) content 638:668 the total phenolic (TP) content 638:668 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 3 13 theme genotypes 363:371 arg1 composition 332:342 the composition 328:342 the composition of these pineapple genotypes 328:371 The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of these pineapple genotypes. 24959679 4 14 theme organic 462:468 arg1 acid 470:473 the principal organic acid 448:473 the principal organic acid 448:473 Sucrose was the dominant sugar in all 26 genotypes, while citric acid was the principal organic acid. 24959679 4 14 theme organic 462:468 arg1 acid 439:442 citric acid 432:442 citric acid 432:442 Sucrose was the dominant sugar in all 26 genotypes, while citric acid was the principal organic acid. 24959679 10 15 theme genotypes 1282:1290 arg1 application 1251:1261 the further application 1239:1261 the further application of those pineapple genotypes 1239:1290 The present study provided important information for the further application of those pineapple genotypes. 24959679 6 16 theme GAE 725:727 arg1 FW 736:737 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW 682:737 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW 682:737 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 8 17 theme μmol 1025:1028 arg1 FW 1035:1036 17.30 μmol TE/g FW 1019:1036 17.30 μmol TE/g FW 1019:1036 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 4 18 theme principal 452:460 arg1 acid 470:473 the principal organic acid 448:473 the principal organic acid 448:473 Sucrose was the dominant sugar in all 26 genotypes, while citric acid was the principal organic acid. 24959679 4 18 theme principal 452:460 arg1 acid 439:442 citric acid 432:442 citric acid 432:442 Sucrose was the dominant sugar in all 26 genotypes, while citric acid was the principal organic acid. 24959679 7 19 theme predominant 766:776 arg1 Paris 797:801 the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris 762:801 the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris 762:801 The two parameters in the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris and Smooth Cayenne were relative low. 24959679 4 20 from sugar 399:403 arg1 genotypes 415:423 all 26 genotypes 408:423 all 26 genotypes 408:423 Sucrose was the dominant sugar in all 26 genotypes, while citric acid was the principal organic acid. 24959679 6 21 theme phenolic 648:655 arg1 content 662:668 the total phenolic (TP) content 638:668 the total phenolic (TP) content 638:668 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 6 22 theme ascorbic 550:557 arg1 AsA 565:567 AsA 565:567 AsA 565:567 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 6 22 theme ascorbic 550:557 arg1 acid 559:562 The ascorbic acid 546:562 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content 546:576 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 8 23 theme mg 923:924 arg1 contents 888:895 TP contents 885:895 TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively) 885:952 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 8 23 theme mg 923:924 arg1 g 934:934 77.55 mg GAE/100 g 917:934 77.55 mg GAE/100 g 917:934 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 6 24 theme equivalents 712:722 arg1 FW 736:737 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW 682:737 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW 682:737 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 8 25 theme TE/g 1030:1033 arg1 FW 1035:1036 17.30 μmol TE/g FW 1019:1036 17.30 μmol TE/g FW 1019:1036 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 6 26 theme total 642:646 arg1 content 662:668 the total phenolic (TP) content 638:668 the total phenolic (TP) content 638:668 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 8 27 dep g 911:911 arg1 FM 936:937 FM 936:937 FM 936:937 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 10 28 theme further 1243:1249 arg1 application 1251:1261 the further application 1239:1261 the further application of those pineapple genotypes 1239:1290 The present study provided important information for the further application of those pineapple genotypes. 24959679 8 29 theme antioxidant 988:998 arg1 capacity 1000:1007 antioxidant capacity 22.85 988:1013 antioxidant capacity 22.85 988:1013 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 6 30 theme acid 707:710 arg1 FW 736:737 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW 682:737 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW 682:737 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 9 31 theme phenolics 1155:1163 arg1 contents 1143:1150 the contents 1139:1150 the contents of phenolics, flavonoids and AsA 1139:1183 The antioxidant capacity of pineapple was correlated with the contents of phenolics, flavonoids and AsA. 24959679 0 32 theme Physico-chemical 0:15 arg1 properties 17:26 Physico-chemical properties 0:26 Physico-chemical properties 0:26 Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of pineapple genotypes grown in china. 24959679 6 33 dep FW 736:737 arg1 mg 697:698 mg 697:698 mg 697:698 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 6 34 theme gallic 700:705 arg1 FW 736:737 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW 682:737 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW 682:737 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 8 35 theme GAE/100 926:932 arg1 contents 888:895 TP contents 885:895 TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively) 885:952 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 8 35 theme GAE/100 926:932 arg1 g 934:934 77.55 mg GAE/100 g 917:934 77.55 mg GAE/100 g 917:934 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 1 36 theme pineapple 197:205 arg1 Merr 228:231 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr 194:231 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr 194:231 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 0 37 theme antioxidant 29:39 arg1 activity 41:48 antioxidant activity 29:48 antioxidant activity 29:48 Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of pineapple genotypes grown in china. 24959679 8 38 theme 17.30 1019:1023 arg1 FW 1035:1036 17.30 μmol TE/g FW 1019:1036 17.30 μmol TE/g FW 1019:1036 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 8 39 dep AsA 877:879 arg1 the 865:867 the 865:867 the 865:867 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 1 40 theme [Ananas 207:213 arg1 Merr 228:231 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr 194:231 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr 194:231 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 9 41 theme antioxidant 1085:1095 arg1 capacity 1097:1104 The antioxidant capacity 1081:1104 The antioxidant capacity of pineapple 1081:1117 The antioxidant capacity of pineapple was correlated with the contents of phenolics, flavonoids and AsA. 24959679 8 42 dep contents 888:895 arg1 contents 888:895 TP contents 885:895 TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively) 885:952 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 8 42 dep contents 888:895 arg1 g 934:934 77.55 mg GAE/100 g 917:934 77.55 mg GAE/100 g 917:934 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 8 42 dep contents 888:895 arg1 g 911:911 33.57 mg/100 g 898:911 33.57 mg/100 g 898:911 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 1 43 theme comosus 215:221 arg1 Merr 228:231 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr 194:231 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr 194:231 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 8 44 theme TEAC 1053:1056 arg1 methods 1058:1064 DPPH and TEAC methods 1044:1064 DPPH and TEAC methods 1044:1064 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 6 45 dep mg 697:698 arg1 77.55 691:695 77.55 691:695 77.55 691:695 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 4 46 theme citric 432:437 arg1 acid 470:473 the principal organic acid 448:473 the principal organic acid 448:473 Sucrose was the dominant sugar in all 26 genotypes, while citric acid was the principal organic acid. 24959679 4 46 theme citric 432:437 arg1 acid 439:442 citric acid 432:442 citric acid 432:442 Sucrose was the dominant sugar in all 26 genotypes, while citric acid was the principal organic acid. 24959679 8 47 theme DPPH 1044:1047 arg1 methods 1058:1064 DPPH and TEAC methods 1044:1064 DPPH and TEAC methods 1044:1064 However, MD-2 indicated the highest AsA and TP contents (33.57 mg/100 g and 77.55 mg GAE/100 g FM, respectively), and it also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity 22.85 and 17.30 μmol TE/g FW using DPPH and TEAC methods, respectively. 24959679 5 48 theme mineral 524:530 arg1 constituents 532:543 the major mineral constituents 514:543 the major mineral constituents 514:543 Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the major mineral constituents. 24959679 5 48 theme mineral 524:530 arg1 magnesium 499:507 magnesium 499:507 magnesium 499:507 Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the major mineral constituents. 24959679 5 48 theme mineral 524:530 arg1 calcium 487:493 calcium 487:493 calcium 487:493 Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the major mineral constituents. 24959679 5 48 theme mineral 524:530 arg1 Potassium 476:484 Potassium 476:484 Potassium 476:484 Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the major mineral constituents. 24959679 1 49 theme L. 224:225 arg1 Merr 228:231 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr 194:231 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr 194:231 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 6 50 theme acid 559:562 arg1 content 570:576 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content 546:576 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content 546:576 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 3 51 theme great 294:298 arg1 differences 313:323 great quantitative differences 294:323 great quantitative differences in the composition of these pineapple genotypes 294:371 The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of these pineapple genotypes. 24959679 9 52 theme AsA 1181:1183 arg1 contents 1143:1150 the contents 1139:1150 the contents of phenolics, flavonoids and AsA 1139:1183 The antioxidant capacity of pineapple was correlated with the contents of phenolics, flavonoids and AsA. 24959679 1 53 theme fruit 114:118 arg1 properties 137:146 The fruit physico-chemical properties 110:146 The fruit physico-chemical properties 110:146 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 0 54 theme mineral 54:60 arg1 contents 62:69 mineral contents 54:69 mineral contents 54:69 Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of pineapple genotypes grown in china. 24959679 3 55 theme quantitative 300:311 arg1 differences 313:323 great quantitative differences 294:323 great quantitative differences in the composition of these pineapple genotypes 294:371 The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of these pineapple genotypes. 24959679 3 56 from differences 313:323 arg1 composition 332:342 the composition 328:342 the composition of these pineapple genotypes 328:371 The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of these pineapple genotypes. 24959679 1 57 theme physico-chemical 120:135 arg1 properties 137:146 The fruit physico-chemical properties 110:146 The fruit physico-chemical properties 110:146 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 7 58 theme Smooth 807:812 arg1 Cayenne 814:820 Smooth Cayenne 807:820 Smooth Cayenne 807:820 The two parameters in the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris and Smooth Cayenne were relative low. 24959679 10 59 theme present 1190:1196 arg1 study 1198:1202 The present study 1186:1202 The present study 1186:1202 The present study provided important information for the further application of those pineapple genotypes. 24959679 10 60 theme pineapple 1272:1280 arg1 genotypes 1282:1290 those pineapple genotypes 1266:1290 those pineapple genotypes 1266:1290 The present study provided important information for the further application of those pineapple genotypes. 24959679 6 61 dep 33.57 598:602 arg1 to 595:596 to 595:596 to 595:596 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 9 62 theme pineapple 1109:1117 arg1 capacity 1097:1104 The antioxidant capacity 1081:1104 The antioxidant capacity of pineapple 1081:1117 The antioxidant capacity of pineapple was correlated with the contents of phenolics, flavonoids and AsA. 24959679 7 63 from parameters 748:757 arg1 Paris 797:801 the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris 762:801 the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris 762:801 The two parameters in the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris and Smooth Cayenne were relative low. 24959679 7 63 from parameters 748:757 arg1 Cayenne 814:820 Smooth Cayenne 807:820 Smooth Cayenne 807:820 The two parameters in the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris and Smooth Cayenne were relative low. 24959679 10 64 theme important 1213:1221 arg1 information 1223:1233 important information 1213:1233 important information for the further application of those pineapple genotypes 1213:1290 The present study provided important information for the further application of those pineapple genotypes. 24959679 7 65 theme cultivars 778:786 arg1 Paris 797:801 the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris 762:801 the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris 762:801 The two parameters in the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris and Smooth Cayenne were relative low. 24959679 6 66 theme fresh 613:617 arg1 FW 627:628 FW 627:628 FW 627:628 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 6 66 theme fresh 613:617 arg1 weight 619:624 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight 590:624 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) 590:629 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 1 67 theme Merr 228:231 arg1 properties 137:146 The fruit physico-chemical properties 110:146 The fruit physico-chemical properties 110:146 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 1 67 theme Merr 228:231 arg1 activity 161:168 antioxidant activity 149:168 antioxidant activity 149:168 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 1 67 theme Merr 228:231 arg1 contents 182:189 mineral contents 174:189 mineral contents 174:189 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 0 68 theme pineapple 74:82 arg1 genotypes 84:92 pineapple genotypes 74:92 pineapple genotypes 74:92 Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of pineapple genotypes grown in china. 24959679 6 69 theme g 734:734 arg1 FW 736:737 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW 682:737 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW 682:737 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 7 70 theme Comte 788:792 arg1 Paris 797:801 the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris 762:801 the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris 762:801 The two parameters in the predominant cultivars Comte de Paris and Smooth Cayenne were relative low. 24959679 1 71 theme antioxidant 149:159 arg1 activity 161:168 antioxidant activity 149:168 antioxidant activity 149:168 The fruit physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of 26 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] 24959679 6 72 theme g 611:611 arg1 FW 627:628 FW 627:628 FW 627:628 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 6 72 theme g 611:611 arg1 weight 619:624 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight 590:624 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) 590:629 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 9 73 theme flavonoids 1166:1175 arg1 contents 1143:1150 the contents 1139:1150 the contents of phenolics, flavonoids and AsA 1139:1183 The antioxidant capacity of pineapple was correlated with the contents of phenolics, flavonoids and AsA. 24959679 6 74 theme mg/100 604:609 arg1 FW 627:628 FW 627:628 FW 627:628 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 24959679 6 74 theme mg/100 604:609 arg1 weight 619:624 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight 590:624 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) 590:629 The ascorbic acid (AsA) content ranged from 5.08 to 33.57 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenolic (TP) content varied from 31.48 to 77.55 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. 26470021 0 0 theme aureus 69:74 arg1 Growth 44:49 Growth 44:49 Growth of Staphylococcus aureus 44:74 MreC and MreD Proteins Are Not Required for Growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 26470021 6 1 theme division 812:819 arg1 septa 821:825 the division septa 808:825 the division septa 808:825 MreC and MreD localize preferentially to the division septa, but do not appear to influence peptidoglycan composition, nor the susceptibility to different antibiotics and to oxidative and osmotic stress agents. 26470021 3 2 from ovococcus 390:398 arg1 essential 444:452 essential 444:452 essential 444:452 In ovococcus, which lack MreB homologues, mreCD are also essential and have been implicated in peripheral cell wall synthesis. 26470021 7 3 theme MreCD 1019:1023 arg1 function 1007:1014 the function 1003:1014 the function of MreCD in S. aureus 1003:1036 Our results suggest that the function of MreCD in S. aureus is not critical for cell division and cell shape determination. 26470021 7 3 theme MreCD 1019:1023 arg1 critical 1045:1052 critical 1045:1052 critical 1045:1052 Our results suggest that the function of MreCD in S. aureus is not critical for cell division and cell shape determination. 26470021 2 4 theme essential 306:314 arg1 role 316:319 an essential role 303:319 an essential role 303:319 Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. 26470021 7 5 theme cell 1076:1079 arg1 determination 1087:1099 cell shape determination 1076:1099 cell shape determination 1076:1099 Our results suggest that the function of MreCD in S. aureus is not critical for cell division and cell shape determination. 26470021 3 6 from essential 444:452 arg1 ovococcus 390:398 ovococcus 390:398 ovococcus 390:398 In ovococcus, which lack MreB homologues, mreCD are also essential and have been implicated in peripheral cell wall synthesis. 26470021 3 7 theme wall 498:501 arg1 synthesis 503:511 peripheral cell wall synthesis 482:511 peripheral cell wall synthesis 482:511 In ovococcus, which lack MreB homologues, mreCD are also essential and have been implicated in peripheral cell wall synthesis. 26470021 3 8 theme peripheral 482:491 arg1 synthesis 503:511 peripheral cell wall synthesis 482:511 peripheral cell wall synthesis 482:511 In ovococcus, which lack MreB homologues, mreCD are also essential and have been implicated in peripheral cell wall synthesis. 26470021 7 9 theme shape 1081:1085 arg1 determination 1087:1099 cell shape determination 1076:1099 cell shape determination 1076:1099 Our results suggest that the function of MreCD in S. aureus is not critical for cell division and cell shape determination. 26470021 3 10 theme cell 493:496 arg1 synthesis 503:511 peripheral cell wall synthesis 482:511 peripheral cell wall synthesis 482:511 In ovococcus, which lack MreB homologues, mreCD are also essential and have been implicated in peripheral cell wall synthesis. 26470021 1 11 from present 122:128 arg1 bacteria 151:158 bacteria 151:158 bacteria 151:158 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 11 from present 122:128 arg1 variety 140:146 a wide variety 133:146 a wide variety of bacteria 133:158 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 2 12 theme homologue 244:252 arg1 MreB 254:257 the actin homologue MreB 234:257 the actin homologue MreB 234:257 Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. 26470021 1 13 located present 122:128 arg1 bacteria 151:158 bacteria 151:158 bacteria 151:158 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 13 located present 122:128 arg2 MreC 104:107 MreC 104:107 MreC 104:107 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 13 located present 122:128 arg2 MreD 113:116 MreD 113:116 MreD 113:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 13 located present 122:128 arg2 proteins 95:102 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD 77:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD 77:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 13 located present 122:128 arg2 present 122:128 present 122:128 present 122:128 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 13 located present 122:128 arg1 variety 140:146 a wide variety 133:146 a wide variety of bacteria 133:158 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 6 14 theme oxidative 941:949 arg1 agents 970:975 oxidative and osmotic stress agents 941:975 oxidative and osmotic stress agents 941:975 MreC and MreD localize preferentially to the division septa, but do not appear to influence peptidoglycan composition, nor the susceptibility to different antibiotics and to oxidative and osmotic stress agents. 26470021 2 15 theme actin 238:242 arg1 MreB 254:257 the actin homologue MreB 234:257 the actin homologue MreB 234:257 Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. 26470021 6 16 theme stress 963:968 arg1 agents 970:975 oxidative and osmotic stress agents 941:975 oxidative and osmotic stress agents 941:975 MreC and MreD localize preferentially to the division septa, but do not appear to influence peptidoglycan composition, nor the susceptibility to different antibiotics and to oxidative and osmotic stress agents. 26470021 2 17 theme lateral 345:351 arg1 wall 358:361 the lateral cell wall 341:361 the lateral cell wall 341:361 Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. 26470021 5 18 theme cell 732:735 arg1 volume 737:742 cell volume 732:742 cell volume 732:742 We show that MreC and MreD are not essential for cell viability and do not seem to affect cell morphology, cell volume or cell cycle control. 26470021 5 19 theme cell 715:718 arg1 morphology 720:729 cell morphology 715:729 cell morphology 715:729 We show that MreC and MreD are not essential for cell viability and do not seem to affect cell morphology, cell volume or cell cycle control. 26470021 1 20 attach present 122:128 arg1 bacteria 151:158 bacteria 151:158 bacteria 151:158 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 20 attach present 122:128 arg2 MreC 104:107 MreC 104:107 MreC 104:107 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 20 attach present 122:128 arg2 MreD 113:116 MreD 113:116 MreD 113:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 20 attach present 122:128 arg2 proteins 95:102 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD 77:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD 77:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 20 attach present 122:128 arg2 present 122:128 present 122:128 present 122:128 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 20 attach present 122:128 arg1 variety 140:146 a wide variety 133:146 a wide variety of bacteria 133:158 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 21 theme bacteria 151:158 arg1 bacteria 151:158 bacteria 151:158 bacteria 151:158 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 21 theme bacteria 151:158 arg1 variety 140:146 a wide variety 133:146 a wide variety of bacteria 133:158 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 0 22 theme MreC 0:3 arg1 Proteins 14:21 MreC and MreD Proteins 0:21 MreC and MreD Proteins 0:21 MreC and MreD Proteins Are Not Required for Growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 26470021 6 23 theme peptidoglycan 859:871 arg1 composition 873:883 peptidoglycan composition 859:883 peptidoglycan composition 859:883 MreC and MreD localize preferentially to the division septa, but do not appear to influence peptidoglycan composition, nor the susceptibility to different antibiotics and to oxidative and osmotic stress agents. 26470021 2 24 theme morphological 269:281 arg1 elements 283:290 other morphological elements 263:290 other morphological elements 263:290 Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. 26470021 4 25 theme spherical 583:591 arg1 pathogen 593:600 the spherical pathogen 579:600 the spherical pathogen 579:600 In this work we addressed the possible roles of MreC and MreD in the spherical pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. 26470021 2 26 theme other 263:267 arg1 elements 283:290 other morphological elements 263:290 other morphological elements 263:290 Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. 26470021 2 27 theme rod-shaped 366:375 arg1 bacteria 377:384 rod-shaped bacteria 366:384 rod-shaped bacteria 366:384 Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. 26470021 0 28 theme MreD 9:12 arg1 Proteins 14:21 MreC and MreD Proteins 0:21 MreC and MreD Proteins 0:21 MreC and MreD Proteins Are Not Required for Growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 26470021 1 29 theme wide 135:138 arg1 bacteria 151:158 bacteria 151:158 bacteria 151:158 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 29 theme wide 135:138 arg1 variety 140:146 a wide variety 133:146 a wide variety of bacteria 133:158 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 3 30 theme MreB 412:415 arg1 homologues 417:426 MreB homologues 412:426 MreB homologues 412:426 In ovococcus, which lack MreB homologues, mreCD are also essential and have been implicated in peripheral cell wall synthesis. 26470021 4 31 theme MreD 571:574 arg1 roles 553:557 the possible roles 540:557 the possible roles of MreC and MreD in the spherical pathogen 540:600 In this work we addressed the possible roles of MreC and MreD in the spherical pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. 26470021 6 32 theme osmotic 955:961 arg1 agents 970:975 oxidative and osmotic stress agents 941:975 oxidative and osmotic stress agents 941:975 MreC and MreD localize preferentially to the division septa, but do not appear to influence peptidoglycan composition, nor the susceptibility to different antibiotics and to oxidative and osmotic stress agents. 26470021 2 33 theme wall 358:361 arg1 synthesis 328:336 the synthesis 324:336 the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria 324:384 Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. 26470021 5 34 theme cycle 752:756 arg1 control 758:764 cell cycle control 747:764 cell cycle control 747:764 We show that MreC and MreD are not essential for cell viability and do not seem to affect cell morphology, cell volume or cell cycle control. 26470021 2 35 theme cell 353:356 arg1 wall 358:361 the lateral cell wall 341:361 the lateral cell wall 341:361 Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. 26470021 7 36 from function 1007:1014 arg1 aureus 1031:1036 S. aureus 1028:1036 S. aureus 1028:1036 Our results suggest that the function of MreCD in S. aureus is not critical for cell division and cell shape determination. 26470021 2 37 from synthesis 328:336 arg1 bacteria 377:384 rod-shaped bacteria 366:384 rod-shaped bacteria 366:384 Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. 26470021 1 38 theme transmembrane 81:93 arg1 MreD 113:116 MreD 113:116 MreD 113:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 38 theme transmembrane 81:93 arg1 MreC 104:107 MreC 104:107 MreC 104:107 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 38 theme transmembrane 81:93 arg1 present 122:128 present 122:128 present 122:128 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 38 theme transmembrane 81:93 arg1 proteins 95:102 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD 77:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD 77:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 6 39 theme different 912:920 arg1 antibiotics 922:932 different antibiotics 912:932 different antibiotics 912:932 MreC and MreD localize preferentially to the division septa, but do not appear to influence peptidoglycan composition, nor the susceptibility to different antibiotics and to oxidative and osmotic stress agents. 26470021 4 40 from roles 553:557 arg1 pathogen 593:600 the spherical pathogen 579:600 the spherical pathogen 579:600 In this work we addressed the possible roles of MreC and MreD in the spherical pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. 26470021 5 41 theme cell 747:750 arg1 control 758:764 cell cycle control 747:764 cell cycle control 747:764 We show that MreC and MreD are not essential for cell viability and do not seem to affect cell morphology, cell volume or cell cycle control. 26470021 4 42 theme MreC 562:565 arg1 roles 553:557 the possible roles 540:557 the possible roles of MreC and MreD in the spherical pathogen 540:600 In this work we addressed the possible roles of MreC and MreD in the spherical pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. 26470021 1 43 theme cell 194:197 arg1 determination 205:217 cell shape determination 194:217 cell shape determination 194:217 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 5 44 theme cell 674:677 arg1 viability 679:687 cell viability 674:687 cell viability 674:687 We show that MreC and MreD are not essential for cell viability and do not seem to affect cell morphology, cell volume or cell cycle control. 26470021 4 45 theme possible 544:551 arg1 roles 553:557 the possible roles 540:557 the possible roles of MreC and MreD in the spherical pathogen 540:600 In this work we addressed the possible roles of MreC and MreD in the spherical pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. 26470021 1 46 from variety 140:146 arg1 present 122:128 present 122:128 present 122:128 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 46 from variety 140:146 arg1 proteins 95:102 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD 77:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD 77:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 47 dep proteins 95:102 arg1 MreD 113:116 MreD 113:116 MreD 113:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 47 dep proteins 95:102 arg1 MreC 104:107 MreC 104:107 MreC 104:107 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 1 47 dep proteins 95:102 arg1 proteins 95:102 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD 77:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD 77:116 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 26470021 7 48 theme cell 1058:1061 arg1 division 1063:1070 cell division 1058:1070 cell division 1058:1070 Our results suggest that the function of MreCD in S. aureus is not critical for cell division and cell shape determination. 26470021 1 49 theme shape 199:203 arg1 determination 205:217 cell shape determination 194:217 cell shape determination 194:217 The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. 28005519 10 0 theme strain 1406:1411 arg1 9583bT 1413:1418 strain 9583bT 1406:1418 strain 9583bT 1406:1418 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 4 1 theme type 685:688 arg1 strains 690:696 the type strains 681:696 the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus 681:744 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 4 2 dep rod-shaped 399:408 arg1 irregular 411:419 irregular 411:419 irregular 411:419 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 9 3 theme strain 1293:1298 arg1 9583bT 1300:1305 strain 9583bT 1293:1305 strain 9583bT 1293:1305 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 4 4 theme short 393:397 arg1 morphology 421:430 a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology 391:430 a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology 391:430 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 10 5 theme phenotypic 1356:1365 arg1 data 1386:1389 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1338:1389 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study 1338:1403 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 4 6 theme strain 557:562 arg1 9583bT 564:569 strain 9583bT 557:569 strain 9583bT 557:569 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 4 7 theme Phylogenetic 488:499 arg1 analysis 501:508 Phylogenetic analysis 488:508 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 488:541 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 4 8 theme boreus 739:744 arg1 strains 690:696 the type strains 681:696 the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus 681:744 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 6 9 theme unidentified 984:995 arg1 phospholipids 997:1009 three unidentified phospholipids 978:1009 three unidentified phospholipids 978:1009 The polar lipids comprised of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, five unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified phospholipids. 28005519 6 9 theme unidentified 984:995 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 898:917 phosphatidylglycerol 898:917 phosphatidylglycerol 898:917 The polar lipids comprised of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, five unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified phospholipids. 28005519 10 10 theme Subtercola 1460:1469 arg1 species 1439:1445 a novel species 1431:1445 a novel species 1431:1445 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 2 11 theme strain 155:160 arg1 9583bT 162:167 strain 9583bT 155:167 strain 9583bT 155:167 An actinobacterium, designated strain 9583bT, was isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera collected from Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China. 28005519 0 12 theme Subtercola 0:9 arg1 sp 20:21 Subtercola lobariae sp 0:21 Subtercola lobariae sp. 0:22 Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 9 13 theme 66.8 mol 1311:1318 arg1 content 1282:1288 The genomic DNA G+C content 1262:1288 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT 1262:1305 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 9 13 theme 66.8 mol 1311:1318 arg1 % 1319:1319 66.8 mol% 1311:1319 66.8 mol% 1311:1319 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 10 14 theme novel 1433:1437 arg1 species 1439:1445 a novel species 1431:1445 a novel species 1431:1445 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 4 15 theme temperature 455:465 arg1 range 467:471 the temperature range 451:471 the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively) 451:776 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 10 16 theme phylogenetic 1342:1353 arg1 data 1386:1389 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1338:1389 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study 1338:1403 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 4 17 theme rod-shaped 399:408 arg1 morphology 421:430 a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology 391:430 a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology 391:430 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 1 18 theme family 56:61 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 63:79 the family Microbacteriaceae 52:79 the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera 52:121 nov., an actinobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera. 28005519 8 19 dep anteiso-C15  1121:1132 arg1  0 1164:1165  0 1164:1165 anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0 1121:1165 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 8 19 dep anteiso-C15  1121:1132 arg1 iso-C16  1155:1162 iso-C16  1155:1162 iso-C16  1155:1162 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 8 19 dep anteiso-C15  1121:1132 arg1 C14  1138:1141 C14  1138:1141 C14  1138:1141 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 8 19 dep anteiso-C15  1121:1132 arg1 2-OH 1146:1149  0 2-OH 1143:1149  0 2-OH 1143:1149 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 8 19 dep anteiso-C15  1121:1132 arg1  0 1134:1135  0 1134:1135  0 1134:1135 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 1 20 theme Microbacteriaceae 63:79 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., an actinobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera. 28005519 1 20 theme Microbacteriaceae 63:79 arg1 actinobacterium 33:47 an actinobacterium 30:47 an actinobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera 30:121 nov., an actinobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera. 28005519 10 21 theme Subtercola 1491:1500 arg1 sp 1511:1512 the name Subtercola lobariae sp 1482:1512 the name Subtercola lobariae sp 1482:1512 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 4 22 dep 28 °C. 481:486 arg1 revealed 543:550 revealed 543:550 revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively) 543:776 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 4 22 dep 28 °C. 481:486 arg1 to 478:479 to 478:479 to 478:479 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 0 23 theme lobariae 11:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Subtercola lobariae sp 0:21 Subtercola lobariae sp. 0:22 Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 8 24 theme major 1074:1078 arg1 anteiso-C15  1121:1132 anteiso-C15  1121:1132 anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0 1121:1165 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 8 24 theme major 1074:1078 arg1 acids 1086:1090 the major fatty acids 1070:1090 the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT 1070:1114 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 8 24 theme major 1074:1078 arg1 % 1096:1096 >5 % 1093:1096 >5 % 1093:1096 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 4 25 theme sequence 656:663 arg1 similarity 665:674 highest sequence similarity 648:674 highest sequence similarity 648:674 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 4 26 contain have 386:389 arg1 strain 379:384 The strain 375:384 The strain 375:384 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 4 26 contain have 386:389 arg2 morphology 421:430 a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology 391:430 a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology 391:430 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 12 27 theme =CGMCC 1560:1565 arg1 103962T 1580:1586 =CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T 1560:1586 =CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T 1560:1586 The type strain is 9583bT (=CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T). 28005519 12 27 theme =CGMCC 1560:1565 arg1 9583bT 1552:1557 9583bT 1552:1557 9583bT (=CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T) 1552:1587 The type strain is 9583bT (=CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T). 28005519 5 28 theme peptidoglycan 783:795 arg1 B2γ 806:808 B2γ 806:808 B2γ 806:808 The peptidoglycan type was B2γ, with diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28005519 5 28 theme peptidoglycan 783:795 arg1 type 797:800 The peptidoglycan type 779:800 The peptidoglycan type 779:800 The peptidoglycan type was B2γ, with diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28005519 4 29 theme highest 648:654 arg1 similarity 665:674 highest sequence similarity 648:674 highest sequence similarity 648:674 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 10 30 theme genus 1454:1458 arg1 Subtercola 1460:1469 the genus Subtercola 1450:1469 the genus Subtercola 1450:1469 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 4 31 theme gene 528:531 arg1 sequences 533:541 16S rRNA gene sequences 519:541 16S rRNA gene sequences 519:541 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 10 32 theme chemotaxonomic 1371:1384 arg1 data 1386:1389 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1338:1389 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study 1338:1403 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 9 33 theme genomic 1266:1272 arg1 content 1282:1288 The genomic DNA G+C content 1262:1288 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT 1262:1305 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 9 33 theme genomic 1266:1272 arg1 % 1319:1319 66.8 mol% 1311:1319 66.8 mol% 1311:1319 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 4 34 theme family 611:616 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 618:634 the family Microbacteriaceae 607:634 the family Microbacteriaceae 607:634 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 6 35 theme unidentified 949:960 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 898:917 phosphatidylglycerol 898:917 phosphatidylglycerol 898:917 The polar lipids comprised of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, five unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified phospholipids. 28005519 6 35 theme unidentified 949:960 arg1 glycolipids 962:972 five unidentified glycolipids 944:972 five unidentified glycolipids 944:972 The polar lipids comprised of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, five unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified phospholipids. 28005519 8 36 theme fatty 1080:1084 arg1 anteiso-C15  1121:1132 anteiso-C15  1121:1132 anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0 1121:1165 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 8 36 theme fatty 1080:1084 arg1 acids 1086:1090 the major fatty acids 1070:1090 the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT 1070:1114 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 8 36 theme fatty 1080:1084 arg1 % 1096:1096 >5 % 1093:1096 >5 % 1093:1096 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 1 37 theme lichen 99:104 arg1 retigera 114:121 the lichen Lobaria retigera 95:121 the lichen Lobaria retigera 95:121 nov., an actinobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera. 28005519 2 38 attach isolated 174:181 arg1 retigera 207:214 the lichen Lobaria retigera 188:214 the lichen Lobaria retigera collected from Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China 188:274 An actinobacterium, designated strain 9583bT, was isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera collected from Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China. 28005519 2 38 attach isolated 174:181 arg2 actinobacterium 127:141 An actinobacterium 124:141 An actinobacterium 124:141 An actinobacterium, designated strain 9583bT, was isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera collected from Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China. 28005519 10 39 theme name 1486:1489 arg1 sp 1511:1512 the name Subtercola lobariae sp 1482:1512 the name Subtercola lobariae sp 1482:1512 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 5 40 with B2γ 806:808 arg1 acid 831:834 diaminobutyric acid 816:834 diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid 816:865 The peptidoglycan type was B2γ, with diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28005519 5 41 theme diagnostic 843:852 arg1 acid 862:865 the diagnostic diamino acid 839:865 the diagnostic diamino acid 839:865 The peptidoglycan type was B2γ, with diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28005519 9 42 theme 9583bT 1300:1305 arg1 content 1282:1288 The genomic DNA G+C content 1262:1288 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT 1262:1305 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 9 42 theme 9583bT 1300:1305 arg1 % 1319:1319 66.8 mol% 1311:1319 66.8 mol% 1311:1319 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 10 43 dep data 1386:1389 arg1 the 1325:1327 the 1325:1327 the 1325:1327 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 10 43 dep data 1386:1389 arg1 basis 1329:1333 basis 1329:1333 basis 1329:1333 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 5 44 theme diaminobutyric 816:829 arg1 acid 831:834 diaminobutyric acid 816:834 diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid 816:865 The peptidoglycan type was B2γ, with diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28005519 1 45 attach isolated 81:88 arg2 Microbacteriaceae 63:79 the family Microbacteriaceae 52:79 the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera 52:121 nov., an actinobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera. 28005519 1 45 attach isolated 81:88 arg1 retigera 114:121 the lichen Lobaria retigera 95:121 the lichen Lobaria retigera 95:121 nov., an actinobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera. 28005519 3 46 theme strain 286:291 arg1 9583bT 293:298 strain 9583bT 286:298 strain 9583bT 286:298 Cells of strain 9583bT were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 28005519 8 47 theme 9583bT 1109:1114 arg1 anteiso-C15  1121:1132 anteiso-C15  1121:1132 anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0 1121:1165 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 8 47 theme 9583bT 1109:1114 arg1 acids 1086:1090 the major fatty acids 1070:1090 the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT 1070:1114 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 8 47 theme 9583bT 1109:1114 arg1 % 1096:1096 >5 % 1093:1096 >5 % 1093:1096 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 1 48 theme Lobaria 106:112 arg1 retigera 114:121 the lichen Lobaria retigera 95:121 the lichen Lobaria retigera 95:121 nov., an actinobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera. 28005519 6 49 theme polar 872:876 arg1 lipids 878:883 The polar lipids 868:883 The polar lipids 868:883 The polar lipids comprised of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, five unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified phospholipids. 28005519 4 50 theme rRNA 523:526 arg1 sequences 533:541 16S rRNA gene sequences 519:541 16S rRNA gene sequences 519:541 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 3 51 theme 9583bT 293:298 arg1 Cells 277:281 Cells 277:281 Cells of strain 9583bT 277:298 Cells of strain 9583bT were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 28005519 2 52 theme Lobaria 199:205 arg1 retigera 207:214 the lichen Lobaria retigera 188:214 the lichen Lobaria retigera collected from Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China 188:274 An actinobacterium, designated strain 9583bT, was isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera collected from Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China. 28005519 10 53 from data 1386:1389 arg1 study 1399:1403 this study 1394:1403 this study 1394:1403 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 4 54 theme 16S 519:521 arg1 sequences 533:541 16S rRNA gene sequences 519:541 16S rRNA gene sequences 519:541 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 8 55 theme strain 1102:1107 arg1 9583bT 1109:1114 strain 9583bT 1102:1114 strain 9583bT 1102:1114 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 2 56 theme lichen 192:197 arg1 retigera 207:214 the lichen Lobaria retigera 188:214 the lichen Lobaria retigera collected from Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China 188:274 An actinobacterium, designated strain 9583bT, was isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera collected from Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China. 28005519 7 57 theme respiratory 1016:1026 arg1 MK-10 1057:1061 MK-10 1057:1061 MK-10 1057:1061 The respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-10. 28005519 7 57 theme respiratory 1016:1026 arg1 quinone 1028:1034 The respiratory quinone 1012:1034 The respiratory quinone 1012:1034 The respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-10. 28005519 4 58 theme frigoramans 712:722 arg1 strains 690:696 the type strains 681:696 the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus 681:744 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 4 59 theme genus 587:591 arg1 Subtercola 593:602 the genus Subtercola 583:602 the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae 583:634 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 8 60 theme  0 1143:1144 arg1 2-OH 1146:1149  0 2-OH 1143:1149  0 2-OH 1143:1149 While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. 28005519 12 61 theme 1.12976T=DSM 1567:1578 arg1 103962T 1580:1586 =CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T 1560:1586 =CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T 1560:1586 The type strain is 9583bT (=CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T). 28005519 12 61 theme 1.12976T=DSM 1567:1578 arg1 9583bT 1552:1557 9583bT 1552:1557 9583bT (=CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T) 1552:1587 The type strain is 9583bT (=CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T). 28005519 9 62 theme G+C 1278:1280 arg1 content 1282:1288 The genomic DNA G+C content 1262:1288 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT 1262:1305 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 9 62 theme G+C 1278:1280 arg1 % 1319:1319 66.8 mol% 1311:1319 66.8 mol% 1311:1319 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 4 63 dep shared 641:646 arg1 % 761:761 96.8 and 95.6 % 747:761 96.8 and 95.6 % 747:761 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 5 64 theme diamino 854:860 arg1 acid 862:865 the diagnostic diamino acid 839:865 the diagnostic diamino acid 839:865 The peptidoglycan type was B2γ, with diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28005519 10 65 dep Subtercola 1491:1500 arg1 lobariae 1502:1509 lobariae 1502:1509 lobariae 1502:1509 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus Subtercola, for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. 28005519 4 66 from Subtercola 593:602 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 618:634 the family Microbacteriaceae 607:634 the family Microbacteriaceae 607:634 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 4 67 theme 28 °C. 481:486 arg1 range 467:471 the temperature range 451:471 the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively) 451:776 The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae, and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). 28005519 9 68 theme DNA 1274:1276 arg1 content 1282:1288 The genomic DNA G+C content 1262:1288 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT 1262:1305 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 9 68 theme DNA 1274:1276 arg1 % 1319:1319 66.8 mol% 1311:1319 66.8 mol% 1311:1319 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. 28005519 12 69 theme type 1537:1540 arg1 strain 1542:1547 The type strain 1533:1547 The type strain 1533:1547 The type strain is 9583bT (=CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T). 28005519 12 69 theme type 1537:1540 arg1 9583bT 1552:1557 9583bT 1552:1557 9583bT (=CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T) 1552:1587 The type strain is 9583bT (=CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T). 25467116 9 0 theme peptidoglycan 909:921 arg1 structure 923:931 The peptidoglycan structure 905:931 The peptidoglycan structure 905:931 The peptidoglycan structure was A3γ-type with LL-diaminopimelic acid. 25467116 9 0 theme peptidoglycan 909:921 arg1 A3γ-type 937:944 A3γ-type 937:944 A3γ-type 937:944 The peptidoglycan structure was A3γ-type with LL-diaminopimelic acid. 25467116 8 1 theme polar 891:895 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 808:829 diphosphatidylglycerol 808:829 diphosphatidylglycerol 808:829 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 8 1 theme polar 891:895 arg1 lipids 897:902 the major polar lipids 881:902 the major polar lipids 881:902 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 8 1 theme polar 891:895 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 857:876 phosphatidylinositol 857:876 phosphatidylinositol 857:876 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 8 1 theme polar 891:895 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 832:851 phosphatidylglycerol 832:851 phosphatidylglycerol 832:851 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 11 2 theme =DSM 1142:1145 arg1 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 11 2 theme =DSM 1142:1145 arg1 17309 1162:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309 1118:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T) 1118:1169 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 11 3 theme KIS31-44 1130:1137 arg1 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 11 3 theme KIS31-44 1130:1137 arg1 17309 1162:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309 1118:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T) 1118:1169 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 11 4 theme type 1118:1121 arg1 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 11 4 theme type 1118:1121 arg1 17309 1162:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309 1118:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T) 1118:1169 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 5 5 theme 16S 296:298 arg1 rRNA 300:303 16S rRNA 296:303 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 296:326 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 10 6 theme genus 1044:1048 arg1 Nocardioides 1050:1061 the genus Nocardioides 1040:1061 the genus Nocardioides 1040:1061 Based on these data, the isolate represents one novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp. 25467116 6 7 theme summed 601:606 arg1 feature 608:614 summed feature 3 601:616 summed feature 3 601:616 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 8 dep ω6c 583:585 arg1 ω6c 627:629 C(16:1) ω6c 619:629 C(16:1) ω6c 619:629 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 8 dep ω6c 583:585 arg1 ω7c 646:648 C(16:1) ω7c 638:648 C(16:1) ω7c 638:648 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 5 9 theme rRNA 300:303 arg1 analysis 319:326 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 296:326 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 296:326 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 11 10 theme T 1139:1139 arg1 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 11 10 theme T 1139:1139 arg1 17309 1162:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309 1118:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T) 1118:1169 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 5 11 theme gene 305:308 arg1 analysis 319:326 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 296:326 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 296:326 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 2 12 theme soil 110:113 arg1 sample 115:120 a soil sample 108:120 a soil sample collected from Dokdo Island, South Korea 108:161 One strain, designated KIS31-44(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Dokdo Island, South Korea. 25467116 5 13 theme highest 409:415 arg1 similarities 426:437 the highest sequence similarities 405:437 the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%) 405:523 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 9 14 theme LL-diaminopimelic 951:967 arg1 acid 969:972 LL-diaminopimelic acid 951:972 LL-diaminopimelic acid 951:972 The peptidoglycan structure was A3γ-type with LL-diaminopimelic acid. 25467116 10 15 theme paucivorans 1096:1106 arg1 sp 1108:1109 the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp 1074:1109 the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp 1074:1109 Based on these data, the isolate represents one novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp. 25467116 5 16 theme sequence 417:424 arg1 similarities 426:437 the highest sequence similarities 405:437 the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%) 405:523 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 6 17 theme C 638:638 arg1 ω7c 646:648 C(16:1) ω7c 638:648 C(16:1) ω7c 638:648 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 10 18 theme Nocardioides 1083:1094 arg1 sp 1108:1109 the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp 1074:1109 the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp 1074:1109 Based on these data, the isolate represents one novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp. 25467116 6 19 theme 18:1 590:593 arg1 ω9c 596:598 C(18:1) ω9c 588:598 C(18:1) ω9c 588:598 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 20 theme 16:1 640:643 arg1 ω7c 646:648 C(16:1) ω7c 638:648 C(16:1) ω7c 638:648 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 21 theme 17:0 707:710 arg1 10-methyl 713:721 C(17:0) 10-methyl 705:721 C(17:0) 10-methyl 705:721 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 10 22 theme name 1078:1081 arg1 sp 1108:1109 the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp 1074:1109 the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp 1074:1109 Based on these data, the isolate represents one novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp. 25467116 11 23 theme =KACC 1156:1160 arg1 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 11 23 theme =KACC 1156:1160 arg1 17309 1162:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309 1118:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T) 1118:1169 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 5 24 theme genus 375:379 arg1 Nocardioides 381:392 the genus Nocardioides 371:392 the genus Nocardioides 371:392 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 6 25 theme 18:0 667:670 arg1 TBSA 684:687 TBSA 684:687 TBSA 684:687 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 25 theme 18:0 667:670 arg1 10-methyl 673:681 C(18:0) 10-methyl 665:681 C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA) 665:688 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 26 theme C 588:588 arg1 ω9c 596:598 C(18:1) ω9c 588:598 C(18:1) ω9c 588:598 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 27 theme C 705:705 arg1 10-methyl 713:721 C(17:0) 10-methyl 705:721 C(17:0) 10-methyl 705:721 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 28 theme 16:1 734:737 arg1 H 740:740 iso-C(16:1) H 728:740 iso-C(16:1) H 728:740 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 29 theme major 530:534 arg1 acids 542:546 The major fatty acids 526:546 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) 526:568 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 29 theme major 530:534 arg1 ω6c 583:585 C(17:1) ω6c 575:585 C(17:1) ω6c 575:585 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 30 theme fatty 536:540 arg1 acids 542:546 The major fatty acids 526:546 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) 526:568 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 30 theme fatty 536:540 arg1 ω6c 583:585 C(17:1) ω6c 575:585 C(17:1) ω6c 575:585 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 8 31 theme major 885:889 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 808:829 diphosphatidylglycerol 808:829 diphosphatidylglycerol 808:829 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 8 31 theme major 885:889 arg1 lipids 897:902 the major polar lipids 881:902 the major polar lipids 881:902 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 8 31 theme major 885:889 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 857:876 phosphatidylinositol 857:876 phosphatidylinositol 857:876 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 8 31 theme major 885:889 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 832:851 phosphatidylglycerol 832:851 phosphatidylglycerol 832:851 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 7 32 theme isoprenoid 753:762 arg1 MK-8 776:779 MK-8 776:779 MK-8 (H₄) 776:784 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8 (H₄). 25467116 7 32 theme isoprenoid 753:762 arg1 quinone 764:770 The major isoprenoid quinone 743:770 The major isoprenoid quinone 743:770 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8 (H₄). 25467116 6 33 theme C 665:665 arg1 TBSA 684:687 TBSA 684:687 TBSA 684:687 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 33 theme C 665:665 arg1 10-methyl 673:681 C(18:0) 10-methyl 665:681 C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA) 665:688 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 2 34 theme Dokdo 137:141 arg1 Island 143:148 Dokdo Island 137:148 Dokdo Island 137:148 One strain, designated KIS31-44(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Dokdo Island, South Korea. 25467116 2 34 theme Dokdo 137:141 arg1 Korea 157:161 Korea 157:161 Korea 157:161 One strain, designated KIS31-44(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Dokdo Island, South Korea. 25467116 5 35 dep Nocardioides 444:455 arg1 T 474:474 T 474:474 T 474:474 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 5 35 dep Nocardioides 444:455 arg1 JC2056 467:472 JC2056 467:472 JC2056 467:472 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 5 35 dep Nocardioides 444:455 arg1 % 482:482 95.5% 478:482 95.5% 478:482 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 6 36 theme strain 551:556 arg1 acids 542:546 The major fatty acids 526:546 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) 526:568 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 36 theme strain 551:556 arg1 ω6c 583:585 C(17:1) ω6c 575:585 C(17:1) ω6c 575:585 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 11 37 dep nov 1112:1114 arg1 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 11 37 dep nov 1112:1114 arg1 17309 1162:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309 1118:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T) 1118:1169 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 4 38 theme 0 287:287 arg1 % 288:288 % 288:288 % 288:288 It grows optimally at 28-30°C, at pH 7.0 and 0% NaCl. 25467116 6 39 theme 16:1 621:624 arg1 ω6c 627:629 C(16:1) ω6c 619:629 C(16:1) ω6c 619:629 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 8 40 contain contained 798:806 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 832:851 phosphatidylglycerol 832:851 phosphatidylglycerol 832:851 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 8 40 contain contained 798:806 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 808:829 diphosphatidylglycerol 808:829 diphosphatidylglycerol 808:829 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 8 40 contain contained 798:806 arg1 strain 791:796 The strain 787:796 The strain 787:796 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 8 40 contain contained 798:806 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 857:876 phosphatidylinositol 857:876 phosphatidylinositol 857:876 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 8 40 contain contained 798:806 arg2 lipids 897:902 the major polar lipids 881:902 the major polar lipids 881:902 The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. 25467116 7 41 theme major 747:751 arg1 MK-8 776:779 MK-8 776:779 MK-8 (H₄) 776:784 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8 (H₄). 25467116 7 41 theme major 747:751 arg1 quinone 764:770 The major isoprenoid quinone 743:770 The major isoprenoid quinone 743:770 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8 (H₄). 25467116 10 42 theme novel 1023:1027 arg1 species 1029:1035 one novel species 1019:1035 one novel species 1019:1035 Based on these data, the isolate represents one novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp. 25467116 6 43 theme C 619:619 arg1 ω6c 627:629 C(16:1) ω6c 619:629 C(16:1) ω6c 619:629 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 11 44 theme T 1153:1153 arg1 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 11 44 theme T 1153:1153 arg1 17309 1162:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309 1118:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T) 1118:1169 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 5 45 with similarities 426:437 arg1 terrae 502:507 terrae 502:507 terrae 502:507 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 5 45 with similarities 426:437 arg1 T 514:514 T 514:514 T 514:514 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 5 45 with similarities 426:437 arg1 Nocardioides 444:455 Nocardioides 444:455 Nocardioides 444:455 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 5 45 with similarities 426:437 arg1 % 522:522 95.0% 518:522 95.0% 518:522 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 4 46 theme % 288:288 arg1 NaCl 290:293 0% NaCl 287:293 0% NaCl 287:293 It grows optimally at 28-30°C, at pH 7.0 and 0% NaCl. 25467116 10 47 from species 1029:1035 arg1 Nocardioides 1050:1061 the genus Nocardioides 1040:1061 the genus Nocardioides 1040:1061 Based on these data, the isolate represents one novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp. 25467116 6 48 theme 16:0 693:696 arg1 2-OH 699:702 C(16:0) 2-OH 691:702 C(16:0) 2-OH 691:702 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 49 theme 17:1 577:580 arg1 acids 542:546 The major fatty acids 526:546 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) 526:568 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 49 theme 17:1 577:580 arg1 ω6c 583:585 C(17:1) ω6c 575:585 C(17:1) ω6c 575:585 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 49 theme 17:1 577:580 arg1 16:0 658:661 16:0 658:661 16:0 658:661 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 2 50 attach isolated 94:101 arg1 sample 115:120 a soil sample 108:120 a soil sample collected from Dokdo Island, South Korea 108:161 One strain, designated KIS31-44(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Dokdo Island, South Korea. 25467116 2 50 attach isolated 94:101 arg2 strain 58:63 One strain 54:63 One strain 54:63 One strain, designated KIS31-44(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Dokdo Island, South Korea. 25467116 9 51 with A3γ-type 937:944 arg1 acid 969:972 LL-diaminopimelic acid 951:972 LL-diaminopimelic acid 951:972 The peptidoglycan structure was A3γ-type with LL-diaminopimelic acid. 25467116 6 52 theme iso-C 728:732 arg1 H 740:740 iso-C(16:1) H 728:740 iso-C(16:1) H 728:740 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 11 53 theme strain 1123:1128 arg1 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 11 53 theme strain 1123:1128 arg1 17309 1162:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309 1118:1166 type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T) 1118:1169 nov. (type strain KIS31-44(T) =DSM 27142(T) =KACC 17309(T)) is proposed. 25467116 6 54 theme C 575:575 arg1 acids 542:546 The major fatty acids 526:546 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) 526:568 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 54 theme C 575:575 arg1 ω6c 583:585 C(17:1) ω6c 575:585 C(17:1) ω6c 575:585 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 54 theme C 575:575 arg1 16:0 658:661 16:0 658:661 16:0 658:661 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 6 55 theme C 691:691 arg1 2-OH 699:702 C(16:0) 2-OH 691:702 C(16:0) 2-OH 691:702 The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44(T) were C(17:1) ω6c, C(18:1) ω9c, summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω6c and/or C(16:1) ω7c), iso-C(16:0), C(18:0) 10-methyl (TBSA), C(16:0) 2-OH, C(17:0) 10-methyl, and iso-C(16:1) H. 25467116 5 56 theme sequence 310:317 arg1 analysis 319:326 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 296:326 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 296:326 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 5 57 theme strain 340:345 arg1 T 356:356 T 356:356 T 356:356 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 25467116 5 57 theme strain 340:345 arg1 KIS31-44 347:354 strain KIS31-44 340:354 strain KIS31-44(T) 340:357 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056(T) (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (95.0%). 28677203 7 0 theme low-diversity 1342:1354 arg1 state 1356:1360 a low-diversity state 1340:1360 a low-diversity state that followed initial cellulose degradation and sulphate reduction 1340:1427 This biomodality in community composition appeared to arise during recovery from a low-diversity state that followed initial cellulose degradation and sulphate reduction. 28677203 0 1 theme divergent 89:97 arg1 trajectories 99:110 divergent trajectories 89:110 divergent trajectories 89:110 Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. 28677203 3 2 theme stable 748:753 arg1 trajectories 757:768 alternative - yet stable - trajectories 730:768 alternative - yet stable - trajectories 730:768 Our results show that initially similar microbial communities can follow alternative - yet stable - trajectories, diverging in time in a system size-dependent manner. 28677203 6 3 theme distinct 1207:1214 arg1 populations 1216:1226 distinct populations 1207:1226 distinct populations of sulphate-reducing bacteria 1207:1256 The communities dominated by these two phyla also contained distinct populations of sulphate-reducing bacteria. 28677203 0 4 from Assembly 0:7 arg1 ecosystems 70:79 nutrient-cycling model ecosystems 47:79 replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems 37:79 Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. 28677203 2 5 theme gene 640:643 arg1 sequencing 645:654 16S rRNA gene sequencing 631:654 16S rRNA gene sequencing 631:654 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 7 6 theme cellulose 1384:1392 arg1 degradation 1394:1404 initial cellulose degradation 1376:1404 initial cellulose degradation 1376:1404 This biomodality in community composition appeared to arise during recovery from a low-diversity state that followed initial cellulose degradation and sulphate reduction. 28677203 0 7 theme alternate 124:132 arg1 states 141:146 alternate stable states 124:146 alternate stable states 124:146 Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. 28677203 7 8 from biomodality 1264:1274 arg1 composition 1289:1299 community composition 1279:1299 community composition 1279:1299 This biomodality in community composition appeared to arise during recovery from a low-diversity state that followed initial cellulose degradation and sulphate reduction. 28677203 4 9 theme system 913:918 arg1 size 920:923 larger system size 906:923 larger system size 906:923 The divergence between replicate communities increased in time and decreased with larger system size. 28677203 5 10 theme steady 1043:1048 arg1 communities 1056:1066 steady state communities 1043:1066 steady state communities 1043:1066 In particular, notable differences emerged in the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms; one group of steady state communities was enriched with Firmicutes, while the other was enriched with Bacteroidetes. 28677203 4 11 dep communities 857:867 arg1 replicate 847:855 replicate 847:855 replicate 847:855 The divergence between replicate communities increased in time and decreased with larger system size. 28677203 4 12 theme larger 906:911 arg1 size 920:923 larger system size 906:923 larger system size 906:923 The divergence between replicate communities increased in time and decreased with larger system size. 28677203 5 13 from communities 999:1009 arg1 microcosms 1018:1027 our microcosms 1014:1027 our microcosms 1014:1027 In particular, notable differences emerged in the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms; one group of steady state communities was enriched with Firmicutes, while the other was enriched with Bacteroidetes. 28677203 5 14 theme state 1050:1054 arg1 communities 1056:1066 steady state communities 1043:1066 steady state communities 1043:1066 In particular, notable differences emerged in the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms; one group of steady state communities was enriched with Firmicutes, while the other was enriched with Bacteroidetes. 28677203 7 15 theme sulphate 1410:1417 arg1 reduction 1419:1427 sulphate reduction 1410:1427 sulphate reduction 1410:1427 This biomodality in community composition appeared to arise during recovery from a low-diversity state that followed initial cellulose degradation and sulphate reduction. 28677203 1 16 theme community 193:201 arg1 development 203:213 community development 193:213 community development 193:213 We studied in detail the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions. 28677203 7 17 theme community 1279:1287 arg1 composition 1289:1299 community composition 1279:1299 community composition 1279:1299 This biomodality in community composition appeared to arise during recovery from a low-diversity state that followed initial cellulose degradation and sulphate reduction. 28677203 3 18 theme size-dependent 801:814 arg1 manner 816:821 a system size-dependent manner 792:821 a system size-dependent manner 792:821 Our results show that initially similar microbial communities can follow alternative - yet stable - trajectories, diverging in time in a system size-dependent manner. 28677203 6 19 theme bacteria 1249:1256 arg1 populations 1216:1226 distinct populations 1207:1226 distinct populations of sulphate-reducing bacteria 1207:1256 The communities dominated by these two phyla also contained distinct populations of sulphate-reducing bacteria. 28677203 1 20 theme development 203:213 arg1 reproducibility 174:188 the reproducibility 170:188 the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions 170:356 We studied in detail the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions. 28677203 0 21 theme communities 22:32 arg1 Assembly 0:7 Assembly 0:7 Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems 0:79 Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. 28677203 2 22 dep microcosms 385:394 arg1 replicate 368:376 replicate 368:376 replicate 368:376 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 0 23 theme microbial 12:20 arg1 communities 22:32 microbial communities 12:32 microbial communities 12:32 Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. 28677203 0 24 theme stable 134:139 arg1 states 141:146 alternate stable states 124:146 alternate stable states 124:146 Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. 28677203 0 25 dep ecosystems 70:79 arg1 replicate 37:45 replicate 37:45 replicate 37:45 Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. 28677203 3 26 theme similar 689:695 arg1 communities 707:717 initially similar microbial communities 679:717 initially similar microbial communities 679:717 Our results show that initially similar microbial communities can follow alternative - yet stable - trajectories, diverging in time in a system size-dependent manner. 28677203 2 27 theme several 510:516 arg1 months 518:523 several months 510:523 several months 510:523 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 5 28 theme degrader 990:997 arg1 communities 999:1009 the heterotrophic degrader communities 972:1009 the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms 972:1027 In particular, notable differences emerged in the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms; one group of steady state communities was enriched with Firmicutes, while the other was enriched with Bacteroidetes. 28677203 2 29 theme microbial 584:592 arg1 communities 594:604 their microbial communities 578:604 their microbial communities 578:604 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 6 30 contain contained 1197:1205 arg2 populations 1216:1226 distinct populations 1207:1226 distinct populations of sulphate-reducing bacteria 1207:1256 The communities dominated by these two phyla also contained distinct populations of sulphate-reducing bacteria. 28677203 6 30 contain contained 1197:1205 arg1 communities 1151:1161 The communities 1147:1161 The communities dominated by these two phyla 1147:1190 The communities dominated by these two phyla also contained distinct populations of sulphate-reducing bacteria. 28677203 5 31 theme notable 941:947 arg1 differences 949:959 notable differences 941:959 notable differences 941:959 In particular, notable differences emerged in the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms; one group of steady state communities was enriched with Firmicutes, while the other was enriched with Bacteroidetes. 28677203 1 32 theme nutrient-cycling 228:243 arg1 microcosms 255:264 nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms 228:264 replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions 218:356 We studied in detail the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions. 28677203 1 33 theme same 328:331 arg1 conditions 347:356 the same environmental conditions 324:356 the same environmental conditions 324:356 We studied in detail the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions. 28677203 1 34 dep microcosms 255:264 arg1 replicate 218:226 replicate 218:226 replicate 218:226 We studied in detail the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions. 28677203 1 35 theme microbial 245:253 arg1 microcosms 255:264 nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms 228:264 replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions 218:356 We studied in detail the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions. 28677203 0 36 theme model 64:68 arg1 ecosystems 70:79 nutrient-cycling model ecosystems 47:79 replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems 37:79 Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. 28677203 1 37 theme environmental 333:345 arg1 conditions 347:356 the same environmental conditions 324:356 the same environmental conditions 324:356 We studied in detail the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions. 28677203 2 38 theme rRNA 635:638 arg1 sequencing 645:654 16S rRNA gene sequencing 631:654 16S rRNA gene sequencing 631:654 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 3 39 theme microbial 697:705 arg1 communities 707:717 initially similar microbial communities 679:717 initially similar microbial communities 679:717 Our results show that initially similar microbial communities can follow alternative - yet stable - trajectories, diverging in time in a system size-dependent manner. 28677203 5 40 theme heterotrophic 976:988 arg1 communities 999:1009 the heterotrophic degrader communities 972:1009 the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms 972:1027 In particular, notable differences emerged in the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms; one group of steady state communities was enriched with Firmicutes, while the other was enriched with Bacteroidetes. 28677203 0 41 theme nutrient-cycling 47:62 arg1 ecosystems 70:79 nutrient-cycling model ecosystems 47:79 replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems 37:79 Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. 28677203 2 42 theme 16S 631:633 arg1 sequencing 645:654 16S rRNA gene sequencing 631:654 16S rRNA gene sequencing 631:654 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 2 43 theme closed 378:383 arg1 microcosms 385:394 closed microcosms 378:394 Multiple replicate closed microcosms 359:394 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 5 44 theme communities 1056:1066 arg1 communities 1056:1066 steady state communities 1043:1066 steady state communities 1043:1066 In particular, notable differences emerged in the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms; one group of steady state communities was enriched with Firmicutes, while the other was enriched with Bacteroidetes. 28677203 5 44 theme communities 1056:1066 arg1 group 1034:1038 one group 1030:1038 one group of steady state communities 1030:1066 In particular, notable differences emerged in the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms; one group of steady state communities was enriched with Firmicutes, while the other was enriched with Bacteroidetes. 28677203 7 45 theme initial 1376:1382 arg1 degradation 1394:1404 initial cellulose degradation 1376:1404 initial cellulose degradation 1376:1404 This biomodality in community composition appeared to arise during recovery from a low-diversity state that followed initial cellulose degradation and sulphate reduction. 28677203 6 46 theme sulphate-reducing 1231:1247 arg1 bacteria 1249:1256 sulphate-reducing bacteria 1231:1256 sulphate-reducing bacteria 1231:1256 The communities dominated by these two phyla also contained distinct populations of sulphate-reducing bacteria. 28677203 2 47 theme Multiple 359:366 arg1 microcosms 385:394 closed microcosms 378:394 Multiple replicate closed microcosms 359:394 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 2 48 theme environmental 540:552 arg1 conditions 554:563 constant environmental conditions 531:563 constant environmental conditions 531:563 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 3 49 theme alternative 730:740 arg1 trajectories 757:768 alternative - yet stable - trajectories 730:768 alternative - yet stable - trajectories 730:768 Our results show that initially similar microbial communities can follow alternative - yet stable - trajectories, diverging in time in a system size-dependent manner. 28677203 2 50 theme pond 419:422 arg1 sediment 424:431 pond sediment 419:431 pond sediment 419:431 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 2 51 theme constant 531:538 arg1 conditions 554:563 constant environmental conditions 531:563 constant environmental conditions 531:563 Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28677203 1 52 from reproducibility 174:188 arg1 microcosms 255:264 nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms 228:264 replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions 218:356 We studied in detail the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions. 27027232 4 0 theme PDADMAC 888:894 arg1 weights 877:883 different molecular weights 857:883 different molecular weights of PDADMAC 857:894 Besides fabricating suitable porous beads for the diffusion of expected metabolites, the permeability can be controlled to a certain degree by applying different molecular weights of PDADMAC. 27027232 3 1 theme medium 522:527 arg1 value 501:505 the OD750 value 491:505 the OD750 value of the culture medium 491:527 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 5 2 theme mechanical 965:974 arg1 rigidity 976:983 sufficient mechanical rigidity 954:983 sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate 954:1093 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 1 3 theme sustainable 190:200 arg1 production 202:211 the sustainable production 186:211 the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis 186:256 Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. 27027232 6 4 theme day 1258:1260 arg1 encapsulation 1262:1274 a 120 day encapsulation 1252:1274 a 120 day encapsulation 1252:1274 Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. 27027232 7 5 theme real-scale 1490:1499 arg1 applications 1516:1527 real-scale bioengineering applications 1490:1527 real-scale bioengineering applications 1490:1527 This study is not only significant for understanding the critical role of polycations and silica involved in the synthesis of hybrid beads but also important for real-scale bioengineering applications. 27027232 3 6 theme bead 583:586 arg1 shrinkage 588:596 bead shrinkage 583:596 bead shrinkage 583:596 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 5 7 theme sheer 988:992 arg1 force 994:998 sheer force 988:998 sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate 988:1093 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 4 8 theme metabolites 777:787 arg1 diffusion 755:763 the diffusion 751:763 the diffusion of expected metabolites 751:787 Besides fabricating suitable porous beads for the diffusion of expected metabolites, the permeability can be controlled to a certain degree by applying different molecular weights of PDADMAC. 27027232 3 9 theme silica 566:571 arg1 distribution 550:561 the homogeneous distribution 534:561 the homogeneous distribution of silica 534:571 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 4 10 theme porous 734:739 arg1 beads 741:745 suitable porous beads 725:745 suitable porous beads 725:745 Besides fabricating suitable porous beads for the diffusion of expected metabolites, the permeability can be controlled to a certain degree by applying different molecular weights of PDADMAC. 27027232 4 11 theme different 857:865 arg1 weights 877:883 different molecular weights 857:883 different molecular weights of PDADMAC 857:894 Besides fabricating suitable porous beads for the diffusion of expected metabolites, the permeability can be controlled to a certain degree by applying different molecular weights of PDADMAC. 27027232 2 12 theme properties 330:339 arg1 control 310:316 an exquisite control 297:316 an exquisite control 297:316 Encapsulating the microalgae requires an exquisite control of material properties, which has been achieved by modifying the composition (alginate, polycation, and silica). 27027232 7 13 theme polycations 1402:1412 arg1 silica 1418:1423 silica 1418:1423 silica involved in the synthesis of hybrid beads 1418:1465 This study is not only significant for understanding the critical role of polycations and silica involved in the synthesis of hybrid beads but also important for real-scale bioengineering applications. 27027232 7 13 theme polycations 1402:1412 arg1 role 1394:1397 the critical role 1381:1397 the critical role of polycations 1381:1412 This study is not only significant for understanding the critical role of polycations and silica involved in the synthesis of hybrid beads but also important for real-scale bioengineering applications. 27027232 6 14 theme excellent 1139:1147 arg1 viability 1159:1167 excellent long-term viability 1139:1167 excellent long-term viability 1139:1167 Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. 27027232 5 15 theme constant 1006:1013 arg1 stirring 1015:1022 constant stirring 1006:1022 constant stirring 1006:1022 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 2 16 theme material 321:328 arg1 properties 330:339 material properties 321:339 material properties 321:339 Encapsulating the microalgae requires an exquisite control of material properties, which has been achieved by modifying the composition (alginate, polycation, and silica). 27027232 6 17 theme long-term 1149:1157 arg1 viability 1159:1167 excellent long-term viability 1139:1167 excellent long-term viability 1139:1167 Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. 27027232 6 18 theme oximetry 1306:1313 arg1 measurement 1315:1325 oximetry measurement 1306:1325 oximetry measurement 1306:1325 Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. 27027232 1 19 theme Hybrid 100:105 arg1 beads 107:111 Hybrid beads 100:111 Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 100:163 Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. 27027232 1 20 theme high 216:219 arg1 metabolites 227:237 high value metabolites 216:237 high value metabolites 216:237 Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. 27027232 0 21 theme Robust 0:5 arg1 Matrix 32:37 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix 0:37 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix 0:37 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix with Controllable Permeability for Microalgae Encapsulation. 27027232 6 22 theme 120 1254:1256 arg1 day 1258:1260 day 1258:1260 day 1258:1260 Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. 27027232 4 23 theme molecular 867:875 arg1 weights 877:883 different molecular weights 857:883 different molecular weights of PDADMAC 857:894 Besides fabricating suitable porous beads for the diffusion of expected metabolites, the permeability can be controlled to a certain degree by applying different molecular weights of PDADMAC. 27027232 1 24 theme value 221:225 arg1 metabolites 227:237 high value metabolites 216:237 high value metabolites 216:237 Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. 27027232 0 25 theme Hybrid 25:30 arg1 Matrix 32:37 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix 0:37 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix 0:37 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix with Controllable Permeability for Microalgae Encapsulation. 27027232 5 26 theme chelating 1055:1063 arg1 agents 1065:1070 chelating agents 1055:1070 chelating agents such as sodium citrate 1055:1093 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 5 26 theme chelating 1055:1063 arg1 citrate 1087:1093 sodium citrate 1080:1093 sodium citrate 1080:1093 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 3 27 theme strong 607:612 arg1 force 625:629 the strong electronic force 603:629 the strong electronic force of PDADMAC 603:640 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 4 28 theme expected 768:775 arg1 metabolites 777:787 expected metabolites 768:787 expected metabolites 768:787 Besides fabricating suitable porous beads for the diffusion of expected metabolites, the permeability can be controlled to a certain degree by applying different molecular weights of PDADMAC. 27027232 4 29 theme certain 830:836 arg1 degree 838:843 a certain degree 828:843 a certain degree 828:843 Besides fabricating suitable porous beads for the diffusion of expected metabolites, the permeability can be controlled to a certain degree by applying different molecular weights of PDADMAC. 27027232 1 30 theme metabolites 227:237 arg1 production 202:211 the sustainable production 186:211 the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis 186:256 Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. 27027232 1 31 with beads 107:111 arg1 reinhardtii 153:163 entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 118:163 entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 118:163 Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. 27027232 3 32 theme homogeneous 538:548 arg1 distribution 550:561 the homogeneous distribution 534:561 the homogeneous distribution of silica 534:571 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 3 33 theme robust 658:663 arg1 matrix 683:688 a robust and biocompatible matrix 656:688 a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells 656:702 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 1 34 theme entrapped 118:126 arg1 reinhardtii 153:163 entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 118:163 entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 118:163 Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. 27027232 3 35 theme OD750 495:499 arg1 value 501:505 the OD750 value 491:505 the OD750 value of the culture medium 491:527 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 3 36 theme culture 514:520 arg1 medium 522:527 the culture medium 510:527 the culture medium 510:527 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 3 37 theme electronic 614:623 arg1 force 625:629 the strong electronic force 603:629 the strong electronic force of PDADMAC 603:640 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 3 38 theme cell 462:465 arg1 leakage 467:473 cell leakage 462:473 cell leakage 462:473 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 7 39 theme bioengineering 1501:1514 arg1 applications 1516:1527 real-scale bioengineering applications 1490:1527 real-scale bioengineering applications 1490:1527 This study is not only significant for understanding the critical role of polycations and silica involved in the synthesis of hybrid beads but also important for real-scale bioengineering applications. 27027232 3 40 theme PDADMAC 444:450 arg1 coating 433:439 A coating 431:439 A coating of PDADMAC 431:450 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 5 41 theme sodium 1080:1085 arg1 citrate 1087:1093 sodium citrate 1080:1093 sodium citrate 1080:1093 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 6 42 theme cellular 1173:1180 arg1 functionality 1182:1194 cellular functionality 1173:1194 cellular functionality 1173:1194 Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. 27027232 1 43 theme microalgae 128:137 arg1 reinhardtii 153:163 entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 118:163 entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 118:163 Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. 27027232 0 44 theme Controllable 44:55 arg1 Permeability 57:68 Controllable Permeability 44:68 Controllable Permeability for Microalgae Encapsulation 44:97 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix with Controllable Permeability for Microalgae Encapsulation. 27027232 6 45 theme value 1240:1244 arg1 % 1222:1222 about 81.5% 1212:1222 about 81.5% of the original value 1212:1244 Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. 27027232 6 45 theme value 1240:1244 arg1 value 1240:1244 the original value 1227:1244 the original value 1227:1244 Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. 27027232 7 46 theme critical 1385:1392 arg1 role 1394:1397 the critical role 1381:1397 the critical role of polycations 1381:1412 This study is not only significant for understanding the critical role of polycations and silica involved in the synthesis of hybrid beads but also important for real-scale bioengineering applications. 27027232 0 47 dep Matrix 32:37 arg1 Permeability 57:68 Controllable Permeability 44:68 Controllable Permeability for Microalgae Encapsulation 44:97 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix with Controllable Permeability for Microalgae Encapsulation. 27027232 1 48 theme Chlamydomonas 139:151 arg1 reinhardtii 153:163 entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 118:163 entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 118:163 Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. 27027232 3 49 theme PDADMAC 634:640 arg1 force 625:629 the strong electronic force 603:629 the strong electronic force of PDADMAC 603:640 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 7 50 theme hybrid 1454:1459 arg1 beads 1461:1465 hybrid beads 1454:1465 hybrid beads 1454:1465 This study is not only significant for understanding the critical role of polycations and silica involved in the synthesis of hybrid beads but also important for real-scale bioengineering applications. 27027232 7 51 theme beads 1461:1465 arg1 synthesis 1441:1449 the synthesis 1437:1449 the synthesis of hybrid beads 1437:1465 This study is not only significant for understanding the critical role of polycations and silica involved in the synthesis of hybrid beads but also important for real-scale bioengineering applications. 27027232 5 52 theme chemical 1033:1040 arg1 stability 1042:1050 good chemical stability 1028:1050 good chemical stability 1028:1050 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 3 53 theme biocompatible 669:681 arg1 matrix 683:688 a robust and biocompatible matrix 656:688 a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells 656:702 A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. 27027232 6 54 theme encapsulated 1110:1121 arg1 cells 1123:1127 the encapsulated cells 1106:1127 the encapsulated cells 1106:1127 Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. 27027232 5 55 contain possessed 944:952 arg1 beads 938:942 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads 897:942 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads 897:942 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 5 55 contain possessed 944:952 arg2 rigidity 976:983 sufficient mechanical rigidity 954:983 sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate 954:1093 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 5 56 theme sufficient 954:963 arg1 rigidity 976:983 sufficient mechanical rigidity 954:983 sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate 954:1093 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 0 57 theme Microalgae 74:83 arg1 Encapsulation 85:97 Microalgae Encapsulation 74:97 Microalgae Encapsulation 74:97 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix with Controllable Permeability for Microalgae Encapsulation. 27027232 5 58 theme good 1028:1031 arg1 stability 1042:1050 good chemical stability 1028:1050 good chemical stability 1028:1050 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 2 59 theme exquisite 300:308 arg1 control 310:316 an exquisite control 297:316 an exquisite control 297:316 Encapsulating the microalgae requires an exquisite control of material properties, which has been achieved by modifying the composition (alginate, polycation, and silica). 27027232 5 60 theme hybrid 901:906 arg1 beads 938:942 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads 897:942 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads 897:942 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 6 61 theme original 1231:1238 arg1 value 1240:1244 the original value 1227:1244 the original value 1227:1244 Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. 27027232 0 62 theme Biocompatible 11:23 arg1 Matrix 32:37 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix 0:37 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix 0:37 Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix with Controllable Permeability for Microalgae Encapsulation. 27027232 5 63 theme alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC 908:936 arg1 beads 938:942 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads 897:942 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads 897:942 The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. 27027232 2 64 dep composition 383:393 arg1 polycation 406:415 polycation 406:415 polycation 406:415 Encapsulating the microalgae requires an exquisite control of material properties, which has been achieved by modifying the composition (alginate, polycation, and silica). 27027232 2 64 dep composition 383:393 arg1 silica 422:427 silica 422:427 silica 422:427 Encapsulating the microalgae requires an exquisite control of material properties, which has been achieved by modifying the composition (alginate, polycation, and silica). 27027232 2 64 dep composition 383:393 arg1 alginate 396:403 alginate 396:403 alginate 396:403 Encapsulating the microalgae requires an exquisite control of material properties, which has been achieved by modifying the composition (alginate, polycation, and silica). 27027232 4 65 theme suitable 725:732 arg1 beads 741:745 suitable porous beads 725:745 suitable porous beads 725:745 Besides fabricating suitable porous beads for the diffusion of expected metabolites, the permeability can be controlled to a certain degree by applying different molecular weights of PDADMAC. 25958116 3 0 theme information 311:321 arg1 accuracy 279:286 the accuracy 275:286 the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education 275:427 The objective was to assess the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education. 25958116 4 1 theme dining 494:499 arg1 outlets 501:507 five main dining outlets 484:507 five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States 484:570 Fifty popular food items were randomly collected from five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States. 25958116 5 2 theme aggregate 640:648 arg1 total 650:654 an aggregate total 637:654 an aggregate total of 150 food samples 637:674 The sampling was repeated three times on separate occasions for an aggregate total of 150 food samples. 25958116 5 3 theme food 663:666 arg1 samples 668:674 150 food samples 659:674 150 food samples 659:674 The sampling was repeated three times on separate occasions for an aggregate total of 150 food samples. 25958116 10 4 dep nutrients 1111:1119 arg1 protein 1141:1147 protein 1141:1147 protein 1141:1147 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 4 dep nutrients 1111:1119 arg1 nutrients 1111:1119 six nutrients 1107:1119 six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) 1107:1180 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 4 dep nutrients 1111:1119 arg1 weight 1174:1179 weight 1174:1179 weight 1174:1179 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 4 dep nutrients 1111:1119 arg1 fat 1128:1130 total fat 1122:1130 total fat 1122:1130 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 4 dep nutrients 1111:1119 arg1 fiber 1150:1154 fiber 1150:1154 fiber 1150:1154 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 4 dep nutrients 1111:1119 arg1 cholesterol 1157:1167 cholesterol 1157:1167 cholesterol 1157:1167 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 4 dep nutrients 1111:1119 arg1 sodium 1133:1138 sodium 1133:1138 sodium 1133:1138 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 13 5 theme size 1581:1584 arg1 differences 1558:1568 Significant differences 1546:1568 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol 1546:1638 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 9 6 theme Descriptive 1030:1040 arg1 well 1066:1069 well 1066:1069 well 1066:1069 Descriptive statistics were used as well. 25958116 9 6 theme Descriptive 1030:1040 arg1 statistics 1042:1051 Descriptive statistics 1030:1051 Descriptive statistics 1030:1051 Descriptive statistics were used as well. 25958116 11 7 theme categories 1343:1352 arg1 four 1325:1328 four 1325:1328 four 1325:1328 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 7 theme categories 1343:1352 arg1 protein 1394:1400 protein 1394:1400 protein 1394:1400 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 7 theme categories 1343:1352 arg1 cholesterol 1407:1417 cholesterol 1407:1417 cholesterol (P < .05) 1407:1427 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 7 theme categories 1343:1352 arg1 categories 1343:1352 the eight categories 1333:1352 the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05) 1333:1427 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 7 theme categories 1343:1352 arg1 fat 1381:1383 total fat 1375:1383 total fat 1375:1383 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 7 theme categories 1343:1352 arg1 sodium 1386:1391 sodium 1386:1391 sodium 1386:1391 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 4 8 theme located 509:515 arg1 outlets 501:507 five main dining outlets 484:507 five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States 484:570 Fifty popular food items were randomly collected from five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States. 25958116 8 9 theme paired-sample 1008:1020 arg1 t-test 1022:1027 the paired-sample t-test 1004:1027 the paired-sample t-test 1004:1027 Two group comparisons, claimed and measured, were performed using the paired-sample t-test. 25958116 6 10 theme total 790:794 arg1 fat 796:798 total fat 790:798 total fat 790:798 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 11 11 theme P 1420:1420 arg1 cholesterol 1407:1417 cholesterol 1407:1417 cholesterol (P < .05) 1407:1427 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 11 theme P 1420:1420 arg1 < .05 1422:1426 P < .05 1420:1426 P < .05 1420:1426 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 3 12 theme located 369:375 arg1 foodservices 356:367 contracted foodservices 345:367 contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education 345:427 The objective was to assess the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education. 25958116 13 13 theme total 1596:1600 arg1 fat 1602:1604 total fat 1596:1604 total fat 1596:1604 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 7 14 theme nutrition 915:923 arg1 information 925:935 foodservices' published nutrition information 891:935 foodservices' published nutrition information 891:935 Results were compared with foodservices' published nutrition information. 25958116 13 15 theme published 1698:1706 arg1 claims 1708:1713 the foodservices' published claims 1680:1713 the foodservices' published claims 1680:1713 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 11 16 theme content 1366:1372 arg1 sodium 1386:1391 sodium 1386:1391 sodium 1386:1391 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 16 theme content 1366:1372 arg1 protein 1394:1400 protein 1394:1400 protein 1394:1400 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 16 theme content 1366:1372 arg1 cholesterol 1407:1417 cholesterol 1407:1417 cholesterol (P < .05) 1407:1427 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 16 theme content 1366:1372 arg1 categories 1343:1352 the eight categories 1333:1352 the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05) 1333:1427 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 16 theme content 1366:1372 arg1 fat 1381:1383 total fat 1375:1383 total fat 1375:1383 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 2 17 theme adults 133:138 arg1 weight 114:119 the weight 110:119 the weight of American adults and children 110:151 The increase in the weight of American adults and children has been positively associated with the prevalence of the consumption of food-away-from-home. 25958116 5 18 theme separate 614:621 arg1 occasions 623:631 separate occasions 614:631 separate occasions for an aggregate total of 150 food samples 614:674 The sampling was repeated three times on separate occasions for an aggregate total of 150 food samples. 25958116 6 19 dep composition 733:743 arg1 fiber 768:772 fiber 768:772 fiber 768:772 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 6 19 dep composition 733:743 arg1 calories 801:808 calories 801:808 calories 801:808 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 6 19 dep composition 733:743 arg1 sugar 811:815 sugar 811:815 sugar 811:815 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 6 19 dep composition 733:743 arg1 protein 746:752 protein 746:752 protein 746:752 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 6 19 dep composition 733:743 arg1 carbohydrates 775:787 carbohydrates 775:787 carbohydrates 775:787 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 6 19 dep composition 733:743 arg1 fat 796:798 total fat 790:798 total fat 790:798 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 6 19 dep composition 733:743 arg1 cholesterol 755:765 cholesterol 755:765 cholesterol 755:765 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 6 19 dep composition 733:743 arg1 sodium 822:827 sodium 822:827 sodium 822:827 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 1 20 theme exploratory 55:65 arg1 analysis 84:91 An exploratory recipe nutrition analysis 52:91 An exploratory recipe nutrition analysis 52:91 An exploratory recipe nutrition analysis. 25958116 10 21 theme average 1209:1215 arg1 discrepancies 1217:1229 more than 10% positive average discrepancies 1186:1229 more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values 1186:1265 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 3 22 theme contracted 345:354 arg1 foodservices 356:367 contracted foodservices 345:367 contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education 345:427 The objective was to assess the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education. 25958116 2 23 theme American 124:131 arg1 adults 133:138 American adults 124:138 American adults 124:138 The increase in the weight of American adults and children has been positively associated with the prevalence of the consumption of food-away-from-home. 25958116 13 24 theme portion 1573:1579 arg1 size 1581:1584 portion size 1573:1584 portion size (weight) 1573:1593 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 13 24 theme portion 1573:1579 arg1 weight 1587:1592 weight 1587:1592 weight 1587:1592 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 14 25 from values 1847:1852 arg1 menus 1857:1861 menus 1857:1861 menus 1857:1861 The findings from this study raise the concern that if the actual nutritional information does not accurately reflect the declared values on menus, conclusions, decisions and actions based on posted information may not be valid. 25958116 1 26 theme recipe 67:72 arg1 analysis 84:91 An exploratory recipe nutrition analysis 52:91 An exploratory recipe nutrition analysis 52:91 An exploratory recipe nutrition analysis. 25958116 10 27 theme positive 1200:1207 arg1 discrepancies 1217:1229 more than 10% positive average discrepancies 1186:1229 more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values 1186:1265 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 11 28 theme total 1375:1379 arg1 categories 1343:1352 the eight categories 1333:1352 the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05) 1333:1427 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 28 theme total 1375:1379 arg1 fat 1381:1383 total fat 1375:1383 total fat 1375:1383 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 29 theme Statistical 1268:1278 arg1 significance 1280:1291 Statistical significance 1268:1291 Statistical significance of the variance 1268:1307 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 10 30 theme nutritional 1087:1097 arg1 values 1099:1104 the nine nutritional values 1078:1104 the nine nutritional values 1078:1104 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 6 31 theme analysis 845:852 arg1 software 854:861 nutrient analysis software 836:861 nutrient analysis software 836:861 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 7 32 theme published 905:913 arg1 information 925:935 foodservices' published nutrition information 891:935 foodservices' published nutrition information 891:935 Results were compared with foodservices' published nutrition information. 25958116 1 33 theme nutrition 74:82 arg1 analysis 84:91 An exploratory recipe nutrition analysis 52:91 An exploratory recipe nutrition analysis 52:91 An exploratory recipe nutrition analysis. 25958116 5 34 theme samples 668:674 arg1 total 650:654 an aggregate total 637:654 an aggregate total of 150 food samples 637:674 The sampling was repeated three times on separate occasions for an aggregate total of 150 food samples. 25958116 3 35 theme education 419:427 arg1 institution 397:407 an institution 394:407 an institution of higher education 394:427 The objective was to assess the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education. 25958116 2 36 from increase 98:105 arg1 weight 114:119 the weight 110:119 the weight of American adults and children 110:151 The increase in the weight of American adults and children has been positively associated with the prevalence of the consumption of food-away-from-home. 25958116 4 37 theme northeastern 545:556 arg1 States 565:570 the northeastern United States 541:570 the northeastern United States 541:570 Fifty popular food items were randomly collected from five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States. 25958116 13 38 theme fat 1602:1604 arg1 differences 1558:1568 Significant differences 1546:1568 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol 1546:1638 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 10 39 theme claimed 1252:1258 arg1 values 1260:1265 claimed values 1252:1265 claimed values 1252:1265 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 14 40 dep raise 1745:1749 arg1 the 1751:1753 the 1751:1753 the 1751:1753 The findings from this study raise the concern that if the actual nutritional information does not accurately reflect the declared values on menus, conclusions, decisions and actions based on posted information may not be valid. 25958116 14 40 dep raise 1745:1749 arg1 concern 1755:1761 concern 1755:1761 raise the concern that if the actual nutritional information does not accurately reflect the declared values on menus, conclusions, decisions and actions based on posted information may not be valid 1745:1942 The findings from this study raise the concern that if the actual nutritional information does not accurately reflect the declared values on menus, conclusions, decisions and actions based on posted information may not be valid. 25958116 14 41 theme nutritional 1782:1792 arg1 information 1794:1804 the actual nutritional information 1771:1804 the actual nutritional information 1771:1804 The findings from this study raise the concern that if the actual nutritional information does not accurately reflect the declared values on menus, conclusions, decisions and actions based on posted information may not be valid. 25958116 13 42 theme cholesterol 1628:1638 arg1 differences 1558:1568 Significant differences 1546:1568 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol 1546:1638 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 12 43 theme published 1517:1525 arg1 claims 1527:1532 the published claims 1513:1532 the published claims (P < .001) 1513:1543 Significance was also reached in the variance of actual portion weight compared to the published claims (P < .001). 25958116 12 43 theme published 1517:1525 arg1 < .001 1537:1542 P < .001 1535:1542 P < .001 1535:1542 Significance was also reached in the variance of actual portion weight compared to the published claims (P < .001). 25958116 14 44 theme declared 1838:1845 arg1 values 1847:1852 the declared values 1834:1852 the declared values on menus 1834:1861 The findings from this study raise the concern that if the actual nutritional information does not accurately reflect the declared values on menus, conclusions, decisions and actions based on posted information may not be valid. 25958116 8 45 dep comparisons 948:958 arg1 measured 973:980 measured 973:980 measured 973:980 Two group comparisons, claimed and measured, were performed using the paired-sample t-test. 25958116 8 45 dep comparisons 948:958 arg1 claimed 961:967 claimed 961:967 claimed 961:967 Two group comparisons, claimed and measured, were performed using the paired-sample t-test. 25958116 14 46 from study 1739:1743 arg1 findings 1720:1727 The findings 1716:1727 The findings from this study 1716:1743 The findings from this study raise the concern that if the actual nutritional information does not accurately reflect the declared values on menus, conclusions, decisions and actions based on posted information may not be valid. 25958116 11 47 theme variance 1300:1307 arg1 significance 1280:1291 Statistical significance 1268:1291 Statistical significance of the variance 1268:1307 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 4 48 theme United 558:563 arg1 States 565:570 the northeastern United States 541:570 the northeastern United States 541:570 Fifty popular food items were randomly collected from five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States. 25958116 13 49 theme Significant 1546:1556 arg1 differences 1558:1568 Significant differences 1546:1568 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol 1546:1638 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 4 50 theme food 444:447 arg1 items 449:453 Fifty popular food items 430:453 Fifty popular food items 430:453 Fifty popular food items were randomly collected from five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States. 25958116 12 51 theme P 1535:1535 arg1 claims 1527:1532 the published claims 1513:1532 the published claims (P < .001) 1513:1543 Significance was also reached in the variance of actual portion weight compared to the published claims (P < .001). 25958116 12 51 theme P 1535:1535 arg1 < .001 1537:1542 P < .001 1535:1542 P < .001 1535:1542 Significance was also reached in the variance of actual portion weight compared to the published claims (P < .001). 25958116 9 52 used used 1058:1061 arg2 statistics 1042:1051 Descriptive statistics 1030:1051 Descriptive statistics 1030:1051 Descriptive statistics were used as well. 25958116 9 52 used used 1058:1061 arg2 well 1066:1069 well 1066:1069 well 1066:1069 Descriptive statistics were used as well. 25958116 3 53 theme higher 412:417 arg1 education 419:427 higher education 412:427 higher education 412:427 The objective was to assess the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education. 25958116 4 54 theme selected 522:529 arg1 campus 531:536 a selected campus 520:536 a selected campus in the northeastern United States 520:570 Fifty popular food items were randomly collected from five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States. 25958116 4 55 from campus 531:536 arg1 States 565:570 the northeastern United States 541:570 the northeastern United States 541:570 Fifty popular food items were randomly collected from five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States. 25958116 2 56 theme consumption 211:221 arg1 prevalence 193:202 the prevalence 189:202 the prevalence of the consumption of food-away-from-home 189:244 The increase in the weight of American adults and children has been positively associated with the prevalence of the consumption of food-away-from-home. 25958116 12 57 theme actual 1479:1484 arg1 weight 1494:1499 actual portion weight 1479:1499 actual portion weight 1479:1499 Significance was also reached in the variance of actual portion weight compared to the published claims (P < .001). 25958116 10 58 theme total 1122:1126 arg1 nutrients 1111:1119 six nutrients 1107:1119 six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) 1107:1180 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 58 theme total 1122:1126 arg1 fat 1128:1130 total fat 1122:1130 total fat 1122:1130 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 3 59 theme claimed 291:297 arg1 information 311:321 claimed nutritional information 291:321 claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education 291:427 The objective was to assess the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education. 25958116 2 60 theme children 144:151 arg1 weight 114:119 the weight 110:119 the weight of American adults and children 110:151 The increase in the weight of American adults and children has been positively associated with the prevalence of the consumption of food-away-from-home. 25958116 4 61 theme main 489:492 arg1 outlets 501:507 five main dining outlets 484:507 five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States 484:570 Fifty popular food items were randomly collected from five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States. 25958116 3 62 theme institution 397:407 arg1 campus 384:389 the campus 380:389 the campus of an institution of higher education 380:427 The objective was to assess the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education. 25958116 3 63 theme nutritional 299:309 arg1 information 311:321 claimed nutritional information 291:321 claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education 291:427 The objective was to assess the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education. 25958116 10 64 contain had 1182:1184 arg1 protein 1141:1147 protein 1141:1147 protein 1141:1147 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 64 contain had 1182:1184 arg2 discrepancies 1217:1229 more than 10% positive average discrepancies 1186:1229 more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values 1186:1265 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 64 contain had 1182:1184 arg1 nutrients 1111:1119 six nutrients 1107:1119 six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) 1107:1180 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 64 contain had 1182:1184 arg1 weight 1174:1179 weight 1174:1179 weight 1174:1179 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 64 contain had 1182:1184 arg1 fat 1128:1130 total fat 1122:1130 total fat 1122:1130 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 64 contain had 1182:1184 arg1 fiber 1150:1154 fiber 1150:1154 fiber 1150:1154 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 64 contain had 1182:1184 arg1 cholesterol 1157:1167 cholesterol 1157:1167 cholesterol 1157:1167 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 10 64 contain had 1182:1184 arg1 sodium 1133:1138 sodium 1133:1138 sodium 1133:1138 Among the nine nutritional values, six nutrients (total fat, sodium, protein, fiber, cholesterol, and weight) had more than 10% positive average discrepancies between measured and claimed values. 25958116 14 65 theme posted 1908:1913 arg1 information 1915:1925 posted information 1908:1925 posted information 1908:1925 The findings from this study raise the concern that if the actual nutritional information does not accurately reflect the declared values on menus, conclusions, decisions and actions based on posted information may not be valid. 25958116 12 66 theme portion 1486:1492 arg1 weight 1494:1499 actual portion weight 1479:1499 actual portion weight 1479:1499 Significance was also reached in the variance of actual portion weight compared to the published claims (P < .001). 25958116 11 67 dep categories 1343:1352 arg1 < .05 1422:1426 P < .05 1420:1426 P < .05 1420:1426 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 67 dep categories 1343:1352 arg1 protein 1394:1400 protein 1394:1400 protein 1394:1400 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 67 dep categories 1343:1352 arg1 cholesterol 1407:1417 cholesterol 1407:1417 cholesterol (P < .05) 1407:1427 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 67 dep categories 1343:1352 arg1 categories 1343:1352 the eight categories 1333:1352 the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05) 1333:1427 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 67 dep categories 1343:1352 arg1 fat 1381:1383 total fat 1375:1383 total fat 1375:1383 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 11 67 dep categories 1343:1352 arg1 sodium 1386:1391 sodium 1386:1391 sodium 1386:1391 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 13 68 theme sampled 1661:1667 arg1 values 1669:1674 the sampled values 1657:1674 the sampled values 1657:1674 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 8 69 theme group 942:946 arg1 comparisons 948:958 Two group comparisons 938:958 Two group comparisons 938:958 Two group comparisons, claimed and measured, were performed using the paired-sample t-test. 25958116 4 70 theme popular 436:442 arg1 items 449:453 Fifty popular food items 430:453 Fifty popular food items 430:453 Fifty popular food items were randomly collected from five main dining outlets located on a selected campus in the northeastern United States. 25958116 6 71 theme nutrient 724:731 arg1 composition 733:743 nutrient composition 724:743 nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) 724:828 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 11 72 theme nutrient 1357:1364 arg1 content 1366:1372 nutrient content 1357:1372 nutrient content 1357:1372 Statistical significance of the variance was obtained in four of the eight categories of nutrient content: total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol (P < .05). 25958116 3 73 theme foods 326:330 arg1 information 311:321 claimed nutritional information 291:321 claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education 291:427 The objective was to assess the accuracy of claimed nutritional information of foods purchased in contracted foodservices located on the campus of an institution of higher education. 25958116 6 74 theme nutrient 836:843 arg1 software 854:861 nutrient analysis software 836:861 nutrient analysis software 836:861 The samples were then weighed and assessed for nutrient composition (protein, cholesterol, fiber, carbohydrates, total fat, calories, sugar, and sodium) using nutrient analysis software. 25958116 13 75 theme sodium 1607:1612 arg1 differences 1558:1568 Significant differences 1546:1568 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol 1546:1638 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 12 76 dep weight 1494:1499 arg1 the 1463:1465 the 1463:1465 the 1463:1465 Significance was also reached in the variance of actual portion weight compared to the published claims (P < .001). 25958116 12 76 dep weight 1494:1499 arg1 variance 1467:1474 variance 1467:1474 variance 1467:1474 Significance was also reached in the variance of actual portion weight compared to the published claims (P < .001). 25958116 2 77 theme food-away-from-home 226:244 arg1 consumption 211:221 the consumption 207:221 the consumption of food-away-from-home 207:244 The increase in the weight of American adults and children has been positively associated with the prevalence of the consumption of food-away-from-home. 25958116 13 78 theme protein 1615:1621 arg1 differences 1558:1568 Significant differences 1546:1568 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol 1546:1638 Significant differences of portion size (weight), total fat, sodium, protein, and cholesterol were found among the sampled values and the foodservices' published claims. 25958116 14 79 theme actual 1775:1780 arg1 information 1794:1804 the actual nutritional information 1771:1804 the actual nutritional information 1771:1804 The findings from this study raise the concern that if the actual nutritional information does not accurately reflect the declared values on menus, conclusions, decisions and actions based on posted information may not be valid. 25673096 7 0 theme NPs 1163:1165 arg1 uptake 1153:1158 cellular uptake 1144:1158 cellular uptake 1144:1158 After storage (shelf-life >6 months), the toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs increased. 25673096 7 0 theme NPs 1163:1165 arg1 toxicity 1131:1138 toxicity 1131:1138 toxicity 1131:1138 After storage (shelf-life >6 months), the toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs increased. 25673096 3 1 theme neural 681:686 arg1 types 693:697 different neural cell types 671:697 different neural cell types 671:697 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 10 2 theme endotoxin 1445:1453 arg1 adsorption 1455:1464 The ready endotoxin adsorption 1435:1464 The ready endotoxin adsorption 1435:1464 The ready endotoxin adsorption which cannot be prevented by PEG coating, can render the particles toxic. 25673096 0 3 dep in 120:121 arg1 vitro 123:127 vitro 123:127 vitro 123:127 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 4 4 theme particle 853:860 arg1 concentrations 862:875 extremely high particle concentrations 838:875 extremely high particle concentrations 838:875 PS NPs within a size-range of 45-70 nm influenced the metabolic activity of cells depending on the cell-type, but caused toxicity only at extremely high particle concentrations. 25673096 5 5 theme large 951:955 arg1 amount 957:962 a large amount 949:962 a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 949:1006 Neurons did not internalize particles, while microglial cells ingested a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs. 25673096 5 5 theme large 951:955 arg1 NPs 1004:1006 carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 967:1006 carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 967:1006 Neurons did not internalize particles, while microglial cells ingested a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs. 25673096 8 6 theme NP 1308:1309 arg1 surfaces 1311:1318 NP surfaces 1308:1318 NP surfaces 1308:1318 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 11 7 theme harmless 1579:1586 arg1 NPs 1588:1590 otherwise harmless NPs 1569:1590 otherwise harmless NPs 1569:1590 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 10 8 theme ready 1439:1443 arg1 adsorption 1455:1464 The ready endotoxin adsorption 1435:1464 The ready endotoxin adsorption 1435:1464 The ready endotoxin adsorption which cannot be prevented by PEG coating, can render the particles toxic. 25673096 5 9 theme microglial 923:932 arg1 cells 934:938 microglial cells 923:938 microglial cells 923:938 Neurons did not internalize particles, while microglial cells ingested a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs. 25673096 3 10 dep in 645:646 arg1 vitro 648:652 vitro 648:652 vitro 648:652 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 11 11 theme NPs 1657:1659 arg1 effects 1646:1652 the effects 1642:1652 the effects of NPs 1642:1659 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 11 12 theme important 1605:1613 arg1 changes 1558:1564 The age-dependent changes 1540:1564 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs 1540:1590 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 11 12 theme important 1605:1613 arg1 sources 1615:1621 the important sources 1601:1621 the important sources for variability 1601:1637 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 7 13 dep toxicity 1131:1138 arg1 the 1127:1129 the 1127:1129 the 1127:1129 After storage (shelf-life >6 months), the toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs increased. 25673096 7 14 theme >6 1115:1116 arg1 months 1118:1123 shelf-life >6 months 1104:1123 shelf-life >6 months 1104:1123 After storage (shelf-life >6 months), the toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs increased. 25673096 7 14 theme >6 1115:1116 arg1 storage 1095:1101 storage 1095:1101 storage (shelf-life >6 months) 1095:1124 After storage (shelf-life >6 months), the toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs increased. 25673096 6 15 theme cellular 1065:1072 arg1 uptake 1074:1079 cellular uptake 1065:1079 cellular uptake 1065:1079 PEGylation reduced the protein adsorption, toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs. 25673096 3 16 from role 584:587 arg1 interaction 654:664 the in vitro interaction 641:664 the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types 641:697 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 9 17 theme sedimentation 1360:1372 arg1 velocity 1374:1381 sedimentation velocity 1360:1381 sedimentation velocity 1360:1381 Aggregation by increasing the size and sedimentation velocity of NPs results in increased cell-targeted NP doses. 25673096 8 18 theme bioactive 1285:1293 arg1 compounds 1295:1303 bioactive compounds 1285:1303 bioactive compounds 1285:1303 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 11 19 from changes 1558:1564 arg1 NPs 1588:1590 otherwise harmless NPs 1569:1590 otherwise harmless NPs 1569:1590 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 8 20 theme biological 1190:1199 arg1 activity 1201:1208 The altered biological activity 1178:1208 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs 1178:1222 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 8 20 theme biological 1190:1199 arg1 due 1228:1230 due 1228:1230 due 1228:1230 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 0 21 theme LPS 104:106 arg1 modifications 78:90 surface modifications 70:90 surface modifications 70:90 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 0 21 theme LPS 104:106 arg1 adsorption 108:117 LPS adsorption 104:117 LPS adsorption 104:117 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 3 22 theme cell 688:691 arg1 types 693:697 different neural cell types 671:697 different neural cell types 671:697 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 3 23 with particles 501:509 arg1 material 554:561 a biologically inert polystyrene core material 516:561 a biologically inert polystyrene core material 516:561 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 4 24 theme nm 736:737 arg1 size-range 716:725 a size-range 714:725 a size-range of 45-70 nm 714:737 PS NPs within a size-range of 45-70 nm influenced the metabolic activity of cells depending on the cell-type, but caused toxicity only at extremely high particle concentrations. 25673096 8 25 theme " 1218:1218 arg1 NPs 1220:1222 "aged" NPs 1213:1222 "aged" NPs 1213:1222 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 8 26 theme altered 1182:1188 arg1 activity 1201:1208 The altered biological activity 1178:1208 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs 1178:1222 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 8 26 theme altered 1182:1188 arg1 due 1228:1230 due 1228:1230 due 1228:1230 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 2 27 theme potential 421:429 arg1 neurotoxicity 431:443 The potential neurotoxicity 417:443 The potential neurotoxicity of nanoparticles 417:460 The potential neurotoxicity of nanoparticles, however, is not fully explored. 25673096 10 28 theme PEG 1495:1497 arg1 coating 1499:1505 PEG coating 1495:1505 PEG coating 1495:1505 The ready endotoxin adsorption which cannot be prevented by PEG coating, can render the particles toxic. 25673096 3 29 theme core 549:552 arg1 material 554:561 a biologically inert polystyrene core material 516:561 a biologically inert polystyrene core material 516:561 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 9 30 theme NPs 1386:1388 arg1 size 1351:1354 size 1351:1354 size 1351:1354 Aggregation by increasing the size and sedimentation velocity of NPs results in increased cell-targeted NP doses. 25673096 9 30 theme NPs 1386:1388 arg1 velocity 1374:1381 sedimentation velocity 1360:1381 sedimentation velocity 1360:1381 Aggregation by increasing the size and sedimentation velocity of NPs results in increased cell-targeted NP doses. 25673096 11 31 theme " 1727:1727 arg1 NPs 1729:1731 "identical" NPs 1717:1731 "identical" NPs 1717:1731 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 9 32 dep size 1351:1354 arg1 the 1347:1349 the 1347:1349 the 1347:1349 Aggregation by increasing the size and sedimentation velocity of NPs results in increased cell-targeted NP doses. 25673096 3 33 theme in 645:646 arg1 interaction 654:664 the in vitro interaction 641:664 the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types 641:697 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 6 34 theme protein 1032:1038 arg1 adsorption 1040:1049 the protein adsorption 1028:1049 the protein adsorption 1028:1049 PEGylation reduced the protein adsorption, toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs. 25673096 1 35 theme injured 263:269 arg1 barrier 271:277 an injured barrier 260:277 an injured barrier 260:277 Because of their capacity of crossing an intact blood-brain barrier and reaching the brain through an injured barrier or via the nasal epithelium, nanoparticles have been considered as vehicles to deliver drugs and as contrast materials for brain imaging. 25673096 0 36 theme in 120:121 arg1 studies 129:135 in vitro studies 120:135 in vitro studies on neural tissue cells 120:158 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 3 37 theme inert 531:535 arg1 material 554:561 a biologically inert polystyrene core material 516:561 a biologically inert polystyrene core material 516:561 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 8 38 theme aged 1214:1217 arg1 NPs 1220:1222 "aged" NPs 1213:1222 "aged" NPs 1213:1222 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 8 39 theme compounds 1295:1303 arg1 adsorption 1271:1280 the adsorption 1267:1280 the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces 1267:1318 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 9 40 theme cell-targeted 1411:1423 arg1 doses 1428:1432 increased cell-targeted NP doses 1401:1432 increased cell-targeted NP doses 1401:1432 Aggregation by increasing the size and sedimentation velocity of NPs results in increased cell-targeted NP doses. 25673096 3 41 theme particle 620:627 arg1 surfaces 629:636 particle surfaces 620:636 particle surfaces 620:636 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 3 42 theme polystyrene 537:547 arg1 material 554:561 a biologically inert polystyrene core material 516:561 a biologically inert polystyrene core material 516:561 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 9 43 theme increased 1401:1409 arg1 doses 1428:1432 increased cell-targeted NP doses 1401:1432 increased cell-targeted NP doses 1401:1432 Aggregation by increasing the size and sedimentation velocity of NPs results in increased cell-targeted NP doses. 25673096 0 44 theme nanoparticles 41:53 arg1 bio-reactivity 11:24 bio-reactivity 11:24 bio-reactivity 11:24 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 0 44 theme nanoparticles 41:53 arg1 Uptake 0:5 Uptake 0:5 Uptake 0:5 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 11 45 theme identical 1718:1726 arg1 NPs 1729:1731 "identical" NPs 1717:1731 "identical" NPs 1717:1731 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 3 46 theme surfaces 629:636 arg1 composition 605:615 the chemical composition 592:615 the chemical composition of particle surfaces 592:636 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 8 47 theme particle 1235:1242 arg1 aggregation 1244:1254 particle aggregation 1235:1254 particle aggregation 1235:1254 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 8 48 theme NPs 1220:1222 arg1 activity 1201:1208 The altered biological activity 1178:1208 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs 1178:1222 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 8 48 theme NPs 1220:1222 arg1 due 1228:1230 due 1228:1230 due 1228:1230 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 0 49 theme polystyrene 29:39 arg1 nanoparticles 41:53 polystyrene nanoparticles 29:53 polystyrene nanoparticles 29:53 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 2 50 theme nanoparticles 448:460 arg1 neurotoxicity 431:443 The potential neurotoxicity 417:443 The potential neurotoxicity of nanoparticles 417:460 The potential neurotoxicity of nanoparticles, however, is not fully explored. 25673096 3 51 theme composition 605:615 arg1 role 584:587 the role 580:587 the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types 580:697 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 4 52 theme cells 776:780 arg1 activity 764:771 the metabolic activity 750:771 the metabolic activity of cells 750:780 PS NPs within a size-range of 45-70 nm influenced the metabolic activity of cells depending on the cell-type, but caused toxicity only at extremely high particle concentrations. 25673096 7 53 theme cellular 1144:1151 arg1 uptake 1153:1158 cellular uptake 1144:1158 cellular uptake 1144:1158 After storage (shelf-life >6 months), the toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs increased. 25673096 0 54 theme neural 140:145 arg1 cells 154:158 neural tissue cells 140:158 neural tissue cells 140:158 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 1 55 theme as 376:377 arg1 materials 388:396 as contrast materials 376:396 as contrast materials 376:396 Because of their capacity of crossing an intact blood-brain barrier and reaching the brain through an injured barrier or via the nasal epithelium, nanoparticles have been considered as vehicles to deliver drugs and as contrast materials for brain imaging. 25673096 5 56 theme PEGylated 994:1002 arg1 NPs 1004:1006 carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 967:1006 carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 967:1006 Neurons did not internalize particles, while microglial cells ingested a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs. 25673096 7 57 theme shelf-life 1104:1113 arg1 months 1118:1123 shelf-life >6 months 1104:1123 shelf-life >6 months 1104:1123 After storage (shelf-life >6 months), the toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs increased. 25673096 7 57 theme shelf-life 1104:1113 arg1 storage 1095:1101 storage 1095:1101 storage (shelf-life >6 months) 1095:1124 After storage (shelf-life >6 months), the toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs increased. 25673096 1 58 theme nasal 290:294 arg1 epithelium 296:305 the nasal epithelium 286:305 the nasal epithelium 286:305 Because of their capacity of crossing an intact blood-brain barrier and reaching the brain through an injured barrier or via the nasal epithelium, nanoparticles have been considered as vehicles to deliver drugs and as contrast materials for brain imaging. 25673096 4 59 theme high 848:851 arg1 concentrations 862:875 extremely high particle concentrations 838:875 extremely high particle concentrations 838:875 PS NPs within a size-range of 45-70 nm influenced the metabolic activity of cells depending on the cell-type, but caused toxicity only at extremely high particle concentrations. 25673096 1 60 theme contrast 379:386 arg1 materials 388:396 as contrast materials 376:396 as contrast materials 376:396 Because of their capacity of crossing an intact blood-brain barrier and reaching the brain through an injured barrier or via the nasal epithelium, nanoparticles have been considered as vehicles to deliver drugs and as contrast materials for brain imaging. 25673096 5 61 theme NPs 1004:1006 arg1 amount 957:962 a large amount 949:962 a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 949:1006 Neurons did not internalize particles, while microglial cells ingested a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs. 25673096 5 61 theme NPs 1004:1006 arg1 NPs 1004:1006 carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 967:1006 carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 967:1006 Neurons did not internalize particles, while microglial cells ingested a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs. 25673096 11 62 theme age-dependent 1544:1556 arg1 changes 1558:1564 The age-dependent changes 1540:1564 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs 1540:1590 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 11 62 theme age-dependent 1544:1556 arg1 sources 1615:1621 the important sources 1601:1621 the important sources for variability 1601:1637 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 4 63 theme metabolic 754:762 arg1 activity 764:771 the metabolic activity 750:771 the metabolic activity of cells 750:780 PS NPs within a size-range of 45-70 nm influenced the metabolic activity of cells depending on the cell-type, but caused toxicity only at extremely high particle concentrations. 25673096 5 64 theme no 991:992 arg1 NPs 1004:1006 carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 967:1006 carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 967:1006 Neurons did not internalize particles, while microglial cells ingested a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs. 25673096 4 65 theme PS 700:701 arg1 NPs 703:705 PS NPs 700:705 PS NPs within a size-range of 45-70 nm 700:737 PS NPs within a size-range of 45-70 nm influenced the metabolic activity of cells depending on the cell-type, but caused toxicity only at extremely high particle concentrations. 25673096 0 66 from studies 129:135 arg1 cells 154:158 neural tissue cells 140:158 neural tissue cells 140:158 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 0 67 theme tissue 147:152 arg1 cells 154:158 neural tissue cells 140:158 neural tissue cells 140:158 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 3 68 theme chemical 596:603 arg1 composition 605:615 the chemical composition 592:615 the chemical composition of particle surfaces 592:636 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 6 69 theme NPs 1084:1086 arg1 uptake 1074:1079 cellular uptake 1065:1079 cellular uptake 1065:1079 PEGylation reduced the protein adsorption, toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs. 25673096 6 69 theme NPs 1084:1086 arg1 adsorption 1040:1049 the protein adsorption 1028:1049 the protein adsorption 1028:1049 PEGylation reduced the protein adsorption, toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs. 25673096 6 69 theme NPs 1084:1086 arg1 toxicity 1052:1059 toxicity 1052:1059 toxicity 1052:1059 PEGylation reduced the protein adsorption, toxicity and cellular uptake of NPs. 25673096 8 70 from adsorption 1271:1280 arg1 surfaces 1311:1318 NP surfaces 1308:1318 NP surfaces 1308:1318 The altered biological activity of "aged" NPs was due to particle aggregation and due to the adsorption of bioactive compounds on NP surfaces. 25673096 1 71 theme blood-brain 209:219 arg1 barrier 221:227 an intact blood-brain barrier 199:227 an intact blood-brain barrier 199:227 Because of their capacity of crossing an intact blood-brain barrier and reaching the brain through an injured barrier or via the nasal epithelium, nanoparticles have been considered as vehicles to deliver drugs and as contrast materials for brain imaging. 25673096 0 72 theme surface 70:76 arg1 modifications 78:90 surface modifications 70:90 surface modifications 70:90 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 0 72 theme surface 70:76 arg1 ageing 93:98 ageing 93:98 ageing 93:98 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 0 72 theme surface 70:76 arg1 adsorption 108:117 LPS adsorption 104:117 LPS adsorption 104:117 Uptake and bio-reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles is affected by surface modifications, ageing and LPS adsorption: in vitro studies on neural tissue cells. 25673096 1 73 theme brain 402:406 arg1 imaging 408:414 brain imaging 402:414 brain imaging 402:414 Because of their capacity of crossing an intact blood-brain barrier and reaching the brain through an injured barrier or via the nasal epithelium, nanoparticles have been considered as vehicles to deliver drugs and as contrast materials for brain imaging. 25673096 5 74 theme carboxylated 967:978 arg1 NPs 1004:1006 carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 967:1006 carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs 967:1006 Neurons did not internalize particles, while microglial cells ingested a large amount of carboxylated but almost no PEGylated NPs. 25673096 9 75 theme NP 1425:1426 arg1 doses 1428:1432 increased cell-targeted NP doses 1401:1432 increased cell-targeted NP doses 1401:1432 Aggregation by increasing the size and sedimentation velocity of NPs results in increased cell-targeted NP doses. 25673096 11 76 theme contradictory 1684:1696 arg1 data 1698:1701 the contradictory data 1680:1701 the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs 1680:1731 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 3 77 theme different 671:679 arg1 types 693:697 different neural cell types 671:697 different neural cell types 671:697 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 25673096 11 78 from sources 1615:1621 arg1 effects 1646:1652 the effects 1642:1652 the effects of NPs 1642:1659 The age-dependent changes in otherwise harmless NPs could be the important sources for variability in the effects of NPs, and could explain the contradictory data obtained with "identical" NPs. 25673096 1 79 theme intact 202:207 arg1 barrier 221:227 an intact blood-brain barrier 199:227 an intact blood-brain barrier 199:227 Because of their capacity of crossing an intact blood-brain barrier and reaching the brain through an injured barrier or via the nasal epithelium, nanoparticles have been considered as vehicles to deliver drugs and as contrast materials for brain imaging. 25673096 3 80 with interaction 654:664 arg1 types 693:697 different neural cell types 671:697 different neural cell types 671:697 Using particles with a biologically inert polystyrene core material, we investigated the role of the chemical composition of particle surfaces in the in vitro interaction with different neural cell types. 27435965 4 0 theme hyaluronic 905:914 arg1 acid 916:919 hyaluronic acid 905:919 hyaluronic acid 905:919 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 10 1 theme Fracture 1814:1821 arg1 fixation 1823:1830 SIGNIFICANCE Fracture fixation 1801:1830 SIGNIFICANCE Fracture fixation 1801:1830 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Fracture fixation after trauma is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 9 2 theme contaminated 1729:1740 arg1 fracture 1742:1749 a contaminated fracture 1727:1749 a contaminated fracture treated with plating osteosynthesis 1727:1785 In conclusion, this gentamicin-loaded HApN hydrogel effectively prevents infection in a complex wound, simulating a contaminated fracture treated with plating osteosynthesis. 27435965 11 3 theme side 1979:1982 arg1 effects 1984:1990 systemic side effects 1970:1990 systemic side effects 1970:1990 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials (ALBs) can provide high local concentrations without systemic side effects. 27435965 16 4 theme infection 2595:2603 arg1 prevention 2581:2590 the prevention 2577:2590 the prevention of infection 2577:2603 Thus, the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan presents an effective ALB for the prevention of infection. 27435965 4 5 theme TBA 892:894 arg1 salt 897:900 the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt 867:900 the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN) 867:973 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 6 6 theme osteosynthesis 1281:1294 arg1 model 1272:1276 a rabbit model 1263:1276 a rabbit model of osteosynthesis contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus 1263:1334 The rheological- and release properties of this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition were tested in vitro and its efficacy in preventing infection was tested in a rabbit model of osteosynthesis contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. 27435965 3 7 theme spatial 570:576 arg1 distribution 578:589 spatial distribution 570:589 spatial distribution 570:589 ALBs which are either less or not restricted in terms of spatial distribution and which may be applied throughout complex wounds could offer improved protection against infection in open fracture care. 27435965 9 8 theme plating 1764:1770 arg1 osteosynthesis 1772:1785 plating osteosynthesis 1764:1785 plating osteosynthesis 1764:1785 In conclusion, this gentamicin-loaded HApN hydrogel effectively prevents infection in a complex wound, simulating a contaminated fracture treated with plating osteosynthesis. 27435965 4 9 theme thermo-responsive 717:733 arg1 derivative 751:760 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 715:760 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) 715:813 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 1 10 theme fractures 205:213 arg1 fixation 188:195 the surgical fixation 175:195 the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants 175:242 UNLABELLED Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 11 11 theme loaded 1897:1902 arg1 ALBs 1918:1921 ALBs 1918:1921 ALBs 1918:1921 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials (ALBs) can provide high local concentrations without systemic side effects. 27435965 11 11 theme loaded 1897:1902 arg1 biomaterials 1904:1915 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials 1886:1915 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials (ALBs) 1886:1922 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials (ALBs) can provide high local concentrations without systemic side effects. 27435965 10 12 theme infection 1869:1877 arg1 rates 1879:1883 high infection rates 1864:1883 high infection rates 1864:1883 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Fracture fixation after trauma is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 1 13 theme osteosynthesis 220:233 arg1 implants 235:242 osteosynthesis implants 220:242 osteosynthesis implants 220:242 UNLABELLED Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 12 14 theme contaminated 2061:2072 arg1 tissues 2074:2080 contaminated tissues 2061:2080 contaminated tissues 2061:2080 However, the currently available ALBs have limited accessibility to contaminated tissues in open fractures because of predetermined shape. 27435965 6 15 theme rabbit 1265:1270 arg1 model 1272:1276 a rabbit model 1263:1276 a rabbit model of osteosynthesis contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus 1263:1334 The rheological- and release properties of this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition were tested in vitro and its efficacy in preventing infection was tested in a rabbit model of osteosynthesis contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. 27435965 14 16 theme derivative 2292:2301 arg1 efficacy 2246:2253 The efficacy 2242:2253 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative 2242:2301 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 4 17 theme poly 942:945 arg1 salt 897:900 the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt 867:900 the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN) 867:973 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 7 18 theme implant 1426:1432 arg1 site 1434:1437 the implant site 1422:1437 the implant site 1422:1437 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition was able to prevent bacterial colonization of the implant site as shown by quantitative bacteriology. 27435965 14 19 theme loaded 2274:2279 arg1 derivative 2292:2301 this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative 2258:2301 this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative 2258:2301 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 3 20 theme complex 627:633 arg1 wounds 635:640 complex wounds 627:640 complex wounds 627:640 ALBs which are either less or not restricted in terms of spatial distribution and which may be applied throughout complex wounds could offer improved protection against infection in open fracture care. 27435965 13 21 with hydrogel 2181:2188 arg1 control 2195:2201 control 2195:2201 control 2195:2201 Thus, a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel with control over gelation temperature is reported. 27435965 10 22 theme high 1864:1867 arg1 rates 1879:1883 high infection rates 1864:1883 high infection rates 1864:1883 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Fracture fixation after trauma is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 1 23 theme antibiotic 151:160 arg1 prophylaxis 162:172 systemic antibiotic prophylaxis 142:172 systemic antibiotic prophylaxis 142:172 UNLABELLED Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 8 24 theme samples 1551:1557 arg1 evaluation 1526:1535 histopathological evaluation 1508:1535 histopathological evaluation of the humeri samples where no bacteria were found in the stained sections 1508:1610 This finding was supported by histopathological evaluation of the humeri samples where no bacteria were found in the stained sections. 27435965 7 25 theme bacterial 1396:1404 arg1 colonization 1406:1417 bacterial colonization 1396:1417 bacterial colonization of the implant site 1396:1437 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition was able to prevent bacterial colonization of the implant site as shown by quantitative bacteriology. 27435965 4 26 theme acid 746:749 arg1 derivative 751:760 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 715:760 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) 715:813 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 3 27 theme improved 654:661 arg1 protection 663:672 improved protection 654:672 improved protection against infection in open fracture care 654:712 ALBs which are either less or not restricted in terms of spatial distribution and which may be applied throughout complex wounds could offer improved protection against infection in open fracture care. 27435965 14 28 theme gentamicin 2263:2272 arg1 derivative 2292:2301 this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative 2258:2301 this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative 2258:2301 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 0 29 theme rabbit 98:103 arg1 model 105:109 a rabbit model 96:109 a rabbit model 96:109 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative prevents infection in a rabbit model. 27435965 13 30 theme gelation 2208:2215 arg1 temperature 2217:2227 gelation temperature 2208:2227 gelation temperature 2208:2227 Thus, a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel with control over gelation temperature is reported. 27435965 1 31 theme surgical 179:186 arg1 fixation 188:195 the surgical fixation 175:195 the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants 175:242 UNLABELLED Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 2 32 theme Antibiotic-loaded 285:301 arg1 ALBs 317:320 ALBs 317:320 ALBs 317:320 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 2 32 theme Antibiotic-loaded 285:301 arg1 biomaterials 303:314 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials 285:314 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) 285:321 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 13 33 theme hyaluronan 2164:2173 arg1 hydrogel 2181:2188 a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel 2138:2188 a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel with control over gelation temperature 2138:2227 Thus, a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel with control over gelation temperature is reported. 27435965 12 34 theme limited 2036:2042 arg1 accessibility 2044:2056 limited accessibility 2036:2056 limited accessibility to contaminated tissues in open fractures 2036:2098 However, the currently available ALBs have limited accessibility to contaminated tissues in open fractures because of predetermined shape. 27435965 4 35 dep derivative 751:760 arg1 HApN 808:811 HApN 808:811 HApN 808:811 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 4 35 dep derivative 751:760 arg1 acid-poly 774:782 hyaluronic acid-poly 763:782 hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN) 763:812 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 4 35 dep derivative 751:760 arg1 N-isopropylacrylamide 784:804 N-isopropylacrylamide 784:804 N-isopropylacrylamide 784:804 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 14 36 from model 2342:2346 arg1 presence 2355:2362 the presence 2351:2362 the presence of fracture fixation hardware 2351:2392 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 5 37 theme gelation 1004:1011 arg1 properties 1013:1022 gelation properties 1004:1022 gelation properties of this gel 1004:1034 The degree of grafting, and gelation properties of this gel were characterized, and the composition was loaded with gentamicin. 27435965 2 38 theme implant-associated 483:500 arg1 infection 502:510 implant-associated infection 483:510 implant-associated infection 483:510 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 8 39 theme stained 1595:1601 arg1 sections 1603:1610 the stained sections 1591:1610 the stained sections 1591:1610 This finding was supported by histopathological evaluation of the humeri samples where no bacteria were found in the stained sections. 27435965 2 40 theme antibiotics 427:437 arg1 concentrations 409:422 high concentrations 404:422 high concentrations of antibiotics 404:437 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 0 41 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 derivative 63:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 0:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 0:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative prevents infection in a rabbit model. 27435965 9 42 theme gentamicin-loaded 1633:1649 arg1 hydrogel 1656:1663 this gentamicin-loaded HApN hydrogel 1628:1663 this gentamicin-loaded HApN hydrogel 1628:1663 In conclusion, this gentamicin-loaded HApN hydrogel effectively prevents infection in a complex wound, simulating a contaminated fracture treated with plating osteosynthesis. 27435965 0 43 theme thermo-responsive 29:45 arg1 derivative 63:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 0:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 0:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative prevents infection in a rabbit model. 27435965 15 44 theme bacterial 2399:2407 arg1 burden 2409:2414 The bacterial burden 2395:2414 The bacterial burden 2395:2414 The bacterial burden is cleared in all of the inoculated rabbits in the presence of the ALB. 27435965 3 45 theme fracture 700:707 arg1 care 709:712 open fracture care 695:712 open fracture care 695:712 ALBs which are either less or not restricted in terms of spatial distribution and which may be applied throughout complex wounds could offer improved protection against infection in open fracture care. 27435965 14 46 theme fixation 2376:2383 arg1 hardware 2385:2392 fracture fixation hardware 2367:2392 fracture fixation hardware 2367:2392 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 0 47 theme acid 58:61 arg1 derivative 63:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 0:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 0:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative prevents infection in a rabbit model. 27435965 7 48 theme gentamicin-loaded 1341:1357 arg1 able 1380:1383 able 1380:1383 able 1380:1383 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition was able to prevent bacterial colonization of the implant site as shown by quantitative bacteriology. 27435965 7 48 theme gentamicin-loaded 1341:1357 arg1 composition 1364:1374 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1337:1374 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1337:1374 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition was able to prevent bacterial colonization of the implant site as shown by quantitative bacteriology. 27435965 14 49 dep in 2325:2326 arg1 vivo 2328:2331 vivo 2328:2331 vivo 2328:2331 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 4 50 theme ammonium 882:889 arg1 salt 897:900 the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt 867:900 the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN) 867:973 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 16 51 theme proposed 2498:2505 arg1 hyaluronan 2536:2545 the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan 2494:2545 the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan 2494:2545 Thus, the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan presents an effective ALB for the prevention of infection. 27435965 10 52 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1801:1812 arg1 fixation 1823:1830 SIGNIFICANCE Fracture fixation 1801:1830 SIGNIFICANCE Fracture fixation 1801:1830 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Fracture fixation after trauma is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 6 53 theme gentamicin-loaded 1152:1168 arg1 composition 1175:1185 this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1147:1185 this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1147:1185 The rheological- and release properties of this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition were tested in vitro and its efficacy in preventing infection was tested in a rabbit model of osteosynthesis contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. 27435965 4 54 theme direct 833:838 arg1 reaction 850:857 a direct amidation reaction 831:857 a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN) 831:973 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 13 55 theme thermo-responsive 2146:2162 arg1 hydrogel 2181:2188 a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel 2138:2188 a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel with control over gelation temperature 2138:2227 Thus, a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel with control over gelation temperature is reported. 27435965 11 56 theme local 1941:1945 arg1 concentrations 1947:1960 high local concentrations 1936:1960 high local concentrations 1936:1960 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials (ALBs) can provide high local concentrations without systemic side effects. 27435965 9 57 theme complex 1701:1707 arg1 wound 1709:1713 a complex wound 1699:1713 a complex wound 1699:1713 In conclusion, this gentamicin-loaded HApN hydrogel effectively prevents infection in a complex wound, simulating a contaminated fracture treated with plating osteosynthesis. 27435965 14 58 theme fracture 2367:2374 arg1 hardware 2385:2392 fracture fixation hardware 2367:2392 fracture fixation hardware 2367:2392 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 2 59 theme surgical 446:453 arg1 site 455:458 the surgical site 442:458 the surgical site 442:458 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 1 60 theme high 263:266 arg1 rates 278:282 high infection rates 263:282 high infection rates 263:282 UNLABELLED Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 5 61 theme gel 1032:1034 arg1 degree 980:985 The degree 976:985 The degree of grafting 976:997 The degree of grafting, and gelation properties of this gel were characterized, and the composition was loaded with gentamicin. 27435965 5 61 theme gel 1032:1034 arg1 properties 1013:1022 gelation properties 1004:1022 gelation properties of this gel 1004:1034 The degree of grafting, and gelation properties of this gel were characterized, and the composition was loaded with gentamicin. 27435965 6 62 theme release 1125:1131 arg1 properties 1133:1142 The rheological- and release properties 1104:1142 The rheological- and release properties of this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1104:1185 The rheological- and release properties of this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition were tested in vitro and its efficacy in preventing infection was tested in a rabbit model of osteosynthesis contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. 27435965 16 63 theme effective 2559:2567 arg1 ALB 2569:2571 an effective ALB 2556:2571 an effective ALB for the prevention of infection 2556:2603 Thus, the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan presents an effective ALB for the prevention of infection. 27435965 10 64 theme fixation 1823:1830 arg1 STATEMENT 1788:1796 STATEMENT 1788:1796 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Fracture fixation after trauma 1788:1843 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Fracture fixation after trauma is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 6 65 theme rheological- 1108:1119 arg1 properties 1133:1142 The rheological- and release properties 1104:1142 The rheological- and release properties of this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1104:1185 The rheological- and release properties of this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition were tested in vitro and its efficacy in preventing infection was tested in a rabbit model of osteosynthesis contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. 27435965 3 66 from infection 682:690 arg1 care 709:712 open fracture care 695:712 open fracture care 695:712 ALBs which are either less or not restricted in terms of spatial distribution and which may be applied throughout complex wounds could offer improved protection against infection in open fracture care. 27435965 3 67 theme distribution 578:589 arg1 terms 561:565 terms 561:565 terms of spatial distribution 561:589 ALBs which are either less or not restricted in terms of spatial distribution and which may be applied throughout complex wounds could offer improved protection against infection in open fracture care. 27435965 12 68 theme predetermined 2111:2123 arg1 shape 2125:2129 predetermined shape 2111:2129 predetermined shape 2111:2129 However, the currently available ALBs have limited accessibility to contaminated tissues in open fractures because of predetermined shape. 27435965 4 69 theme acid 916:919 arg1 salt 897:900 the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt 867:900 the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN) 867:973 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 14 70 theme fracture 2333:2340 arg1 model 2342:2346 an in vivo fracture model 2322:2346 an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware 2322:2392 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 14 71 theme in 2325:2326 arg1 model 2342:2346 an in vivo fracture model 2322:2346 an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware 2322:2392 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 2 72 theme implant 348:354 arg1 surgeries 356:364 implant surgeries 348:364 implant surgeries across medical specialties 348:391 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 1 73 theme open 200:203 arg1 fractures 205:213 open fractures 200:213 open fractures 200:213 UNLABELLED Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 12 74 theme open 2085:2088 arg1 fractures 2090:2098 open fractures 2085:2098 open fractures 2085:2098 However, the currently available ALBs have limited accessibility to contaminated tissues in open fractures because of predetermined shape. 27435965 8 75 theme histopathological 1508:1524 arg1 evaluation 1526:1535 histopathological evaluation 1508:1535 histopathological evaluation of the humeri samples where no bacteria were found in the stained sections 1508:1610 This finding was supported by histopathological evaluation of the humeri samples where no bacteria were found in the stained sections. 27435965 6 76 theme composition 1175:1185 arg1 properties 1133:1142 The rheological- and release properties 1104:1142 The rheological- and release properties of this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1104:1185 The rheological- and release properties of this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition were tested in vitro and its efficacy in preventing infection was tested in a rabbit model of osteosynthesis contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. 27435965 2 77 theme medical 373:379 arg1 specialties 381:391 medical specialties 373:391 medical specialties 373:391 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 14 78 theme hyaluronan 2281:2290 arg1 derivative 2292:2301 this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative 2258:2301 this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative 2258:2301 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 11 79 theme high 1936:1939 arg1 concentrations 1947:1960 high local concentrations 1936:1960 high local concentrations 1936:1960 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials (ALBs) can provide high local concentrations without systemic side effects. 27435965 4 80 theme amine-terminated 925:940 arg1 N-isopropylacrylamide 947:967 N-isopropylacrylamide 947:967 N-isopropylacrylamide 947:967 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 4 80 theme amine-terminated 925:940 arg1 pN 971:972 pN 971:972 pN 971:972 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 4 80 theme amine-terminated 925:940 arg1 poly 942:945 amine-terminated poly 925:945 amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN) 925:973 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 8 81 theme humeri 1544:1549 arg1 samples 1551:1557 the humeri samples 1540:1557 the humeri samples where no bacteria were found in the stained sections 1540:1610 This finding was supported by histopathological evaluation of the humeri samples where no bacteria were found in the stained sections. 27435965 7 82 theme site 1434:1437 arg1 colonization 1406:1417 bacterial colonization 1396:1417 bacterial colonization of the implant site 1396:1437 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition was able to prevent bacterial colonization of the implant site as shown by quantitative bacteriology. 27435965 4 83 theme hyaluronic 763:772 arg1 HApN 808:811 HApN 808:811 HApN 808:811 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 4 83 theme hyaluronic 763:772 arg1 acid-poly 774:782 hyaluronic acid-poly 763:782 hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN) 763:812 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 4 83 theme hyaluronic 763:772 arg1 N-isopropylacrylamide 784:804 N-isopropylacrylamide 784:804 N-isopropylacrylamide 784:804 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 15 84 theme ALB 2483:2485 arg1 presence 2467:2474 the presence 2463:2474 the presence of the ALB 2463:2485 The bacterial burden is cleared in all of the inoculated rabbits in the presence of the ALB. 27435965 1 85 theme systemic 142:149 arg1 prophylaxis 162:172 systemic antibiotic prophylaxis 142:172 systemic antibiotic prophylaxis 142:172 UNLABELLED Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 12 86 from accessibility 2044:2056 arg1 fractures 2090:2098 open fractures 2085:2098 open fractures 2085:2098 However, the currently available ALBs have limited accessibility to contaminated tissues in open fractures because of predetermined shape. 27435965 16 87 theme thermo-responsive 2518:2534 arg1 hyaluronan 2536:2545 the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan 2494:2545 the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan 2494:2545 Thus, the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan presents an effective ALB for the prevention of infection. 27435965 1 88 theme prophylaxis 162:172 arg1 use 135:137 the use 131:137 the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis 131:172 UNLABELLED Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 4 89 theme hyaluronic 735:744 arg1 derivative 751:760 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 715:760 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) 715:813 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 11 90 theme Antibiotic 1886:1895 arg1 ALBs 1918:1921 ALBs 1918:1921 ALBs 1918:1921 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials (ALBs) can provide high local concentrations without systemic side effects. 27435965 11 90 theme Antibiotic 1886:1895 arg1 biomaterials 1904:1915 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials 1886:1915 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials (ALBs) 1886:1922 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials (ALBs) can provide high local concentrations without systemic side effects. 27435965 5 91 theme grafting 990:997 arg1 degree 980:985 The degree 976:985 The degree of grafting 976:997 The degree of grafting, and gelation properties of this gel were characterized, and the composition was loaded with gentamicin. 27435965 5 91 theme grafting 990:997 arg1 properties 1013:1022 gelation properties 1004:1022 gelation properties of this gel 1004:1034 The degree of grafting, and gelation properties of this gel were characterized, and the composition was loaded with gentamicin. 27435965 7 92 theme quantitative 1451:1462 arg1 bacteriology 1464:1475 quantitative bacteriology 1451:1475 quantitative bacteriology 1451:1475 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition was able to prevent bacterial colonization of the implant site as shown by quantitative bacteriology. 27435965 3 93 dep either 528:533 arg1 less 535:538 less 535:538 less 535:538 ALBs which are either less or not restricted in terms of spatial distribution and which may be applied throughout complex wounds could offer improved protection against infection in open fracture care. 27435965 13 94 theme based 2175:2179 arg1 hydrogel 2181:2188 a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel 2138:2188 a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel with control over gelation temperature 2138:2227 Thus, a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel with control over gelation temperature is reported. 27435965 0 95 theme gentamicin-loaded 11:27 arg1 derivative 63:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 0:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 0:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative prevents infection in a rabbit model. 27435965 12 96 theme available 2016:2024 arg1 ALBs 2026:2029 the currently available ALBs 2002:2029 the currently available ALBs 2002:2029 However, the currently available ALBs have limited accessibility to contaminated tissues in open fractures because of predetermined shape. 27435965 8 97 located found 1582:1586 arg2 bacteria 1568:1575 no bacteria 1565:1575 no bacteria 1565:1575 This finding was supported by histopathological evaluation of the humeri samples where no bacteria were found in the stained sections. 27435965 8 97 located found 1582:1586 arg1 sections 1603:1610 the stained sections 1591:1610 the stained sections 1591:1610 This finding was supported by histopathological evaluation of the humeri samples where no bacteria were found in the stained sections. 27435965 0 98 theme hyaluronic 47:56 arg1 derivative 63:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 0:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative 0:72 Injectable gentamicin-loaded thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative prevents infection in a rabbit model. 27435965 9 99 theme HApN 1651:1654 arg1 hydrogel 1656:1663 this gentamicin-loaded HApN hydrogel 1628:1663 this gentamicin-loaded HApN hydrogel 1628:1663 In conclusion, this gentamicin-loaded HApN hydrogel effectively prevents infection in a complex wound, simulating a contaminated fracture treated with plating osteosynthesis. 27435965 7 100 theme HApN 1359:1362 arg1 able 1380:1383 able 1380:1383 able 1380:1383 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition was able to prevent bacterial colonization of the implant site as shown by quantitative bacteriology. 27435965 7 100 theme HApN 1359:1362 arg1 composition 1364:1374 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1337:1374 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1337:1374 The gentamicin-loaded HApN composition was able to prevent bacterial colonization of the implant site as shown by quantitative bacteriology. 27435965 3 101 theme open 695:698 arg1 care 709:712 open fracture care 695:712 open fracture care 695:712 ALBs which are either less or not restricted in terms of spatial distribution and which may be applied throughout complex wounds could offer improved protection against infection in open fracture care. 27435965 14 102 theme hardware 2385:2392 arg1 presence 2355:2362 the presence 2351:2362 the presence of fracture fixation hardware 2351:2392 The efficacy of this gentamicin loaded hyaluronan derivative is demonstrated in an in vivo fracture model in the presence of fracture fixation hardware. 27435965 15 103 theme inoculated 2441:2450 arg1 rabbits 2452:2458 the inoculated rabbits 2437:2458 the inoculated rabbits 2437:2458 The bacterial burden is cleared in all of the inoculated rabbits in the presence of the ALB. 27435965 16 104 theme injectable 2507:2516 arg1 hyaluronan 2536:2545 the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan 2494:2545 the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan 2494:2545 Thus, the proposed injectable thermo-responsive hyaluronan presents an effective ALB for the prevention of infection. 27435965 12 105 contain have 2031:2034 arg2 accessibility 2044:2056 limited accessibility 2036:2056 limited accessibility to contaminated tissues in open fractures 2036:2098 However, the currently available ALBs have limited accessibility to contaminated tissues in open fractures because of predetermined shape. 27435965 12 105 contain have 2031:2034 arg1 ALBs 2026:2029 the currently available ALBs 2002:2029 the currently available ALBs 2002:2029 However, the currently available ALBs have limited accessibility to contaminated tissues in open fractures because of predetermined shape. 27435965 6 106 theme HApN 1170:1173 arg1 composition 1175:1185 this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1147:1185 this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition 1147:1185 The rheological- and release properties of this gentamicin-loaded HApN composition were tested in vitro and its efficacy in preventing infection was tested in a rabbit model of osteosynthesis contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. 27435965 2 107 theme infection 502:510 arg1 risk 475:478 the risk 471:478 the risk of implant-associated infection 471:510 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 4 108 theme tetrabutyl 871:880 arg1 salt 897:900 the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt 867:900 the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN) 867:973 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 13 109 theme novel 2140:2144 arg1 hydrogel 2181:2188 a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel 2138:2188 a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel with control over gelation temperature 2138:2227 Thus, a novel thermo-responsive hyaluronan based hydrogel with control over gelation temperature is reported. 27435965 11 110 theme systemic 1970:1977 arg1 effects 1984:1990 systemic side effects 1970:1990 systemic side effects 1970:1990 Antibiotic loaded biomaterials (ALBs) can provide high local concentrations without systemic side effects. 27435965 1 111 with fixation 188:195 arg1 implants 235:242 osteosynthesis implants 220:242 osteosynthesis implants 220:242 UNLABELLED Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants is associated with high infection rates. 27435965 2 112 used used 340:343 arg2 biomaterials 303:314 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials 285:314 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) 285:321 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 2 112 used used 340:343 arg2 ALBs 317:320 ALBs 317:320 ALBs 317:320 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 4 113 theme amidation 840:848 arg1 reaction 850:857 a direct amidation reaction 831:857 a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN) 831:973 A thermo-responsive hyaluronic acid derivative (hyaluronic acid-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HApN)) was prepared by a direct amidation reaction between the tetrabutyl ammonium (TBA) salt of hyaluronic acid and amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pN). 27435965 2 114 theme high 404:407 arg1 concentrations 409:422 high concentrations 404:422 high concentrations of antibiotics 404:437 Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials (ALBs) are increasingly used in implant surgeries across medical specialties to deliver high concentrations of antibiotics to the surgical site and reduce the risk of implant-associated infection. 27435965 1 115 theme infection 268:276 arg1 rates 278:282 high infection rates 263:282 high infection rates 263:282 UNLABELLED Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, the surgical fixation of open fractures with osteosynthesis implants is associated with high infection rates. 24901849 6 0 theme α2,3-linked 1067:1077 arg1 acid 1114:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 9 1 link N-linked 1759:1766 arg1 glycosylation 1768:1780 N-linked glycosylation 1759:1780 N-linked glycosylation 1759:1780 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 10 2 theme α2,6-linked 1910:1920 arg1 acids 1929:1933 α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1900:1933 α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1900:1933 These data suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation. 24901849 6 3 from role 1058:1061 arg1 attachment 1128:1137 virus attachment 1122:1137 virus attachment 1122:1137 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 2 4 theme sapovirus 256:264 arg1 strain 280:285 the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain 244:285 the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain 244:285 Currently, the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain remains the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus. 24901849 7 5 link α2,6-linked 1377:1387 arg1 acid 1396:1399 α2,6-linked sialic acid 1377:1399 α2,6-linked sialic acid 1377:1399 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 10 6 theme α2,3- 1900:1904 arg1 acids 1929:1933 α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1900:1933 α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1900:1933 These data suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation. 24901849 7 7 theme α2,6-linked 1377:1387 arg1 acid 1396:1399 α2,6-linked sialic acid 1377:1399 α2,6-linked sialic acid 1377:1399 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 9 8 theme O-linked 1648:1655 arg1 glycosylation 1657:1669 O-linked glycosylation 1648:1669 O-linked glycosylation 1648:1669 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 9 9 with Treatment 1523:1531 arg1 proteases 1547:1555 proteases 1547:1555 proteases 1547:1555 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 9 9 with Treatment 1523:1531 arg1 benzylGalNAc 1618:1629 benzylGalNAc 1618:1629 benzylGalNAc 1618:1629 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 9 9 with Treatment 1523:1531 arg1 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 1572:1615 benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 1565:1615 benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc) 1565:1630 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 2 10 theme Cowden 273:278 arg1 strain 280:285 the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain 244:285 the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain 244:285 Currently, the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain remains the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus. 24901849 6 11 theme PSaV 963:966 arg1 Attachment 935:944 Attachment 935:944 Attachment 935:944 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 6 11 theme PSaV 963:966 arg1 infection 950:958 infection 950:958 infection 950:958 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 6 12 theme virus 1122:1126 arg1 attachment 1128:1137 virus attachment 1122:1137 virus attachment 1122:1137 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 2 13 theme PSaV 267:270 arg1 strain 280:285 the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain 244:285 the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain 244:285 Currently, the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain remains the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus. 24901849 5 14 theme synthetic 822:830 arg1 antigens 850:857 synthetic histo-blood group antigens 822:857 synthetic histo-blood group antigens 822:857 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 3 15 theme carbohydrate 392:403 arg1 receptors 405:413 carbohydrate receptors 392:413 carbohydrate receptors for entry and infection 392:437 While some caliciviruses are known to utilize carbohydrate receptors for entry and infection, a functional receptor for sapovirus is unknown. 24901849 4 16 theme biochemical 612:622 arg1 assays 624:629 protein-ligand biochemical assays 597:629 protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections 597:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 5 17 theme binding 802:808 arg1 activity 810:817 binding activity 802:817 binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens 802:857 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 5 18 theme group 844:848 arg1 antigens 850:857 synthetic histo-blood group antigens 822:857 synthetic histo-blood group antigens 822:857 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 7 19 theme sialic 1319:1324 arg1 acid 1326:1329 α2,3-linked sialic acid 1307:1329 α2,3-linked sialic acid 1307:1329 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 4 20 theme intestinal 684:693 arg1 sections 702:709 piglet intestinal tissue sections 677:709 piglet intestinal tissue sections 677:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 9 21 contain had 1782:1784 arg2 effect 1794:1799 no such effect 1786:1799 no such effect 1786:1799 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 9 21 contain had 1782:1784 arg1 inhibition 1722:1731 inhibition 1722:1731 inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation 1722:1780 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 5 22 theme group 906:910 arg1 receptors 924:932 receptors 924:932 receptors 924:932 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 5 22 theme group 906:910 arg1 antigens 912:919 histo-blood group antigens 894:919 histo-blood group antigens 894:919 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 6 23 theme Vibrio 1009:1014 arg1 cholerae 1016:1023 Vibrio cholerae 1009:1023 Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA) 1009:1042 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 4 24 theme cell 657:660 arg1 culture 662:668 mock and PSaV-infected cell culture 634:668 mock and PSaV-infected cell culture 634:668 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 5 25 theme red 765:767 arg1 cells 775:779 red blood cells 765:779 red blood cells from any species 765:796 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 1 26 theme Caliciviridae 144:156 arg1 family 158:163 the Caliciviridae family 140:163 the Caliciviridae family 140:163 Sapovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. 24901849 9 27 theme synthesis 1746:1754 arg1 inhibition 1722:1731 inhibition 1722:1731 inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation 1722:1780 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 9 28 theme N-linked 1759:1766 arg1 glycosylation 1768:1780 N-linked glycosylation 1759:1780 N-linked glycosylation 1759:1780 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 8 29 theme α2,3- 1452:1456 arg1 acids 1481:1485 both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1447:1485 both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1447:1485 These results indicated that PSaV recognizes both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids for viral attachment and infection. 24901849 0 30 theme porcine 98:104 arg1 Sapovirus 106:114 porcine Sapovirus 98:114 porcine Sapovirus 98:114 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 5 31 from species 790:796 arg1 cells 775:779 red blood cells 765:779 red blood cells from any species 765:796 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 8 32 theme α2,6-linked 1462:1472 arg1 acids 1481:1485 both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1447:1485 both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1447:1485 These results indicated that PSaV recognizes both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids for viral attachment and infection. 24901849 10 33 gly glycoproteins 1938:1950 arg1 glycoproteins 1938:1950 glycoproteins 1938:1950 glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation 1938:1986 These data suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation. 24901849 9 34 theme such 1789:1792 arg1 effect 1794:1799 no such effect 1786:1799 no such effect 1786:1799 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 8 35 theme viral 1491:1495 arg1 attachment 1497:1506 viral attachment 1491:1506 viral attachment 1491:1506 These results indicated that PSaV recognizes both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids for viral attachment and infection. 24901849 0 36 theme sialic 27:32 arg1 acids 34:38 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 0:38 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins 0:64 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 0 36 theme sialic 27:32 arg1 receptors 84:92 functional receptors 73:92 functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus 73:114 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 9 37 theme cells 1536:1540 arg1 Treatment 1523:1531 Treatment 1523:1531 Treatment 1523:1531 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 7 38 theme Maackia 1257:1263 arg1 MAL 1283:1285 MAL 1283:1285 MAL 1283:1285 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 38 theme Maackia 1257:1263 arg1 lectin 1275:1280 Maackia amurensis lectin 1257:1280 Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL) 1257:1286 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 2 39 theme cultivable 304:313 arg1 member 315:320 the only cultivable member 295:320 the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus 295:343 Currently, the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain remains the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus. 24901849 6 40 theme sialic 1107:1112 arg1 acid 1114:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 5 41 with activity 751:758 arg1 cells 775:779 red blood cells 765:779 red blood cells from any species 765:796 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 1 42 theme gastroenteritis 197:211 arg1 cause 182:186 an important cause 169:186 an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs 169:230 Sapovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. 24901849 1 42 theme gastroenteritis 197:211 arg1 Sapovirus 117:125 Sapovirus 117:125 Sapovirus 117:125 Sapovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. 24901849 10 43 dep suggest 1843:1849 arg1 binds 1856:1860 binds 1856:1860 suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation 1843:1986 These data suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation. 24901849 2 44 theme Sapovirus 329:337 arg1 genus 339:343 the Sapovirus genus 325:343 the Sapovirus genus 325:343 Currently, the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain remains the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus. 24901849 8 45 link α2,6-linked 1462:1472 arg1 acids 1481:1485 both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1447:1485 both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1447:1485 These results indicated that PSaV recognizes both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids for viral attachment and infection. 24901849 10 46 link α2,6-linked 1910:1920 arg1 acids 1929:1933 α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1900:1933 α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1900:1933 These data suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation. 24901849 4 47 from culture 662:668 arg1 series 587:592 a comprehensive series 571:592 a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections 571:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 0 48 link α2,6-linked 15:25 arg1 acids 34:38 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 0:38 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins 0:64 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 0 48 link α2,6-linked 15:25 arg1 receptors 84:92 functional receptors 73:92 functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus 73:114 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 7 49 theme cells 1226:1230 arg1 treatment 1213:1221 treatment 1213:1221 treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid 1213:1399 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 4 50 theme strain 542:547 arg1 receptor 519:526 the functional receptor 504:526 the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV 504:555 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 10 51 theme cellular 1865:1872 arg1 receptors 1874:1882 cellular receptors 1865:1882 cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation 1865:1986 These data suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation. 24901849 7 52 theme sialic 1389:1394 arg1 acid 1396:1399 α2,6-linked sialic acid 1377:1399 α2,6-linked sialic acid 1377:1399 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 53 theme specific 1364:1371 arg1 MAL 1283:1285 MAL 1283:1285 MAL 1283:1285 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 53 theme specific 1364:1371 arg1 lectin 1275:1280 Maackia amurensis lectin 1257:1280 Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL) 1257:1286 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 4 54 theme PSaV 552:555 arg1 strain 542:547 the Cowden strain 531:547 the Cowden strain of PSaV 531:555 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 2 55 theme porcine 248:254 arg1 strain 280:285 the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain 244:285 the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain 244:285 Currently, the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain remains the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus. 24901849 1 56 theme family 158:163 arg1 Sapovirus 117:125 Sapovirus 117:125 Sapovirus 117:125 Sapovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. 24901849 1 56 theme family 158:163 arg1 member 130:135 a member 128:135 a member of the Caliciviridae family 128:163 Sapovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. 24901849 0 57 link O-linked 43:50 arg1 glycoproteins 52:64 O-linked glycoproteins 43:64 O-linked glycoproteins 43:64 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 4 58 theme assays 624:629 arg1 series 587:592 a comprehensive series 571:592 a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections 571:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 4 59 from assays 624:629 arg1 culture 662:668 mock and PSaV-infected cell culture 634:668 mock and PSaV-infected cell culture 634:668 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 4 59 from assays 624:629 arg1 sections 702:709 piglet intestinal tissue sections 677:709 piglet intestinal tissue sections 677:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 4 60 theme mock 634:637 arg1 culture 662:668 mock and PSaV-infected cell culture 634:668 mock and PSaV-infected cell culture 634:668 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 1 61 theme important 172:180 arg1 cause 182:186 an important cause 169:186 an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs 169:230 Sapovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. 24901849 1 61 theme important 172:180 arg1 Sapovirus 117:125 Sapovirus 117:125 Sapovirus 117:125 Sapovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. 24901849 10 62 theme sialic 1922:1927 arg1 acids 1929:1933 α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1900:1933 α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1900:1933 These data suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation. 24901849 4 63 from series 587:592 arg1 culture 662:668 mock and PSaV-infected cell culture 634:668 mock and PSaV-infected cell culture 634:668 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 4 63 from series 587:592 arg1 sections 702:709 piglet intestinal tissue sections 677:709 piglet intestinal tissue sections 677:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 5 64 theme histo-blood 832:842 arg1 antigens 850:857 synthetic histo-blood group antigens 822:857 synthetic histo-blood group antigens 822:857 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 9 65 theme virus 1685:1689 arg1 binding 1691:1697 virus binding 1685:1697 virus binding 1685:1697 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 4 66 theme protein-ligand 597:610 arg1 assays 624:629 protein-ligand biochemical assays 597:629 protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections 597:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 10 67 theme O-linked 1965:1972 arg1 glycosylation 1974:1986 O-linked glycosylation 1965:1986 O-linked glycosylation 1965:1986 These data suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation. 24901849 5 68 theme histo-blood 894:904 arg1 receptors 924:932 receptors 924:932 receptors 924:932 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 5 68 theme histo-blood 894:904 arg1 antigens 912:919 histo-blood group antigens 894:919 histo-blood group antigens 894:919 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 4 69 theme piglet 677:682 arg1 sections 702:709 piglet intestinal tissue sections 677:709 piglet intestinal tissue sections 677:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 1 70 from cause 182:186 arg1 humans 216:221 humans 216:221 humans 216:221 Sapovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. 24901849 1 70 from cause 182:186 arg1 pigs 227:230 pigs 227:230 pigs 227:230 Sapovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. 24901849 7 71 theme Sambucus 1335:1342 arg1 lectin 1350:1355 Sambucus nigra lectin 1335:1355 Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL) 1335:1361 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 71 theme Sambucus 1335:1342 arg1 SNL 1358:1360 SNL 1358:1360 SNL 1358:1360 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 6 72 theme cholerae 1016:1023 arg1 NA 1040:1041 NA 1040:1041 NA 1040:1041 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 6 72 theme cholerae 1016:1023 arg1 neuraminidase 1025:1037 Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase 1009:1037 Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA) 1009:1042 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 7 73 theme α2,3-linked 1307:1317 arg1 acid 1326:1329 α2,3-linked sialic acid 1307:1329 α2,3-linked sialic acid 1307:1329 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 4 74 theme tissue 695:700 arg1 sections 702:709 piglet intestinal tissue sections 677:709 piglet intestinal tissue sections 677:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 5 75 theme hemagglutination 734:749 arg1 activity 751:758 hemagglutination activity 734:758 hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species 734:796 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 7 76 dep Sambucus 1335:1342 arg1 nigra 1344:1348 nigra 1344:1348 nigra 1344:1348 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 77 with treatment 1213:1221 arg1 MAL 1283:1285 MAL 1283:1285 MAL 1283:1285 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 77 with treatment 1213:1221 arg1 lectin 1275:1280 Maackia amurensis lectin 1257:1280 Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL) 1257:1286 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 77 with treatment 1213:1221 arg1 SS 1250:1251 SS 1250:1251 SS 1250:1251 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 77 with treatment 1213:1221 arg1 S 1247:1247 sialidase S 1237:1247 sialidase S (SS) 1237:1252 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 4 78 theme PSaV-infected 643:655 arg1 culture 662:668 mock and PSaV-infected cell culture 634:668 mock and PSaV-infected cell culture 634:668 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 0 79 theme functional 73:82 arg1 acids 34:38 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 0:38 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins 0:64 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 0 79 theme functional 73:82 arg1 receptors 84:92 functional receptors 73:92 functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus 73:114 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 6 80 theme sialic 993:998 arg1 acid 1000:1003 sialic acid 993:1003 sialic acid 993:1003 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 9 81 theme glycolipd 1736:1744 arg1 synthesis 1746:1754 glycolipd synthesis 1736:1754 glycolipd synthesis 1736:1754 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 0 82 gly glycoproteins 52:64 arg1 glycoproteins 52:64 O-linked glycoproteins 43:64 O-linked glycoproteins 43:64 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 10 83 link O-linked 1965:1972 arg1 glycosylation 1974:1986 O-linked glycosylation 1965:1986 O-linked glycosylation 1965:1986 These data suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via O-linked glycosylation. 24901849 3 84 theme functional 442:451 arg1 receptor 453:460 a functional receptor 440:460 a functional receptor for sapovirus 440:474 While some caliciviruses are known to utilize carbohydrate receptors for entry and infection, a functional receptor for sapovirus is unknown. 24901849 3 84 theme functional 442:451 arg1 unknown 479:485 unknown 479:485 unknown 479:485 While some caliciviruses are known to utilize carbohydrate receptors for entry and infection, a functional receptor for sapovirus is unknown. 24901849 9 85 link O-linked 1648:1655 arg1 glycosylation 1657:1669 O-linked glycosylation 1648:1669 O-linked glycosylation 1648:1669 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 9 86 theme glycosylation 1768:1780 arg1 inhibition 1722:1731 inhibition 1722:1731 inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation 1722:1780 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 0 87 from acids 34:38 arg1 glycoproteins 52:64 O-linked glycoproteins 43:64 O-linked glycoproteins 43:64 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 0 88 theme α2,3- 5:9 arg1 acids 34:38 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 0:38 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins 0:64 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 0 88 theme α2,3- 5:9 arg1 receptors 84:92 functional receptors 73:92 functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus 73:114 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 2 89 theme genus 339:343 arg1 member 315:320 the only cultivable member 295:320 the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus 295:343 Currently, the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain remains the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus. 24901849 0 90 theme α2,6-linked 15:25 arg1 acids 34:38 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 0:38 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins 0:64 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 0 90 theme α2,6-linked 15:25 arg1 receptors 84:92 functional receptors 73:92 functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus 73:114 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 7 91 theme amurensis 1265:1273 arg1 MAL 1283:1285 MAL 1283:1285 MAL 1283:1285 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 91 theme amurensis 1265:1273 arg1 lectin 1275:1280 Maackia amurensis lectin 1257:1280 Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL) 1257:1286 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 92 link α2,3-linked 1307:1317 arg1 acid 1326:1329 α2,3-linked sialic acid 1307:1329 α2,3-linked sialic acid 1307:1329 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 4 93 theme Cowden 535:540 arg1 strain 542:547 the Cowden strain 531:547 the Cowden strain of PSaV 531:555 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 6 94 link α2,8-linked 1095:1105 arg1 acid 1114:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 5 95 theme blood 769:773 arg1 cells 775:779 red blood cells 765:779 red blood cells from any species 765:796 PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. 24901849 9 96 theme virus 1804:1808 arg1 binding 1810:1816 virus binding 1804:1816 virus binding 1804:1816 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 0 97 theme O-linked 43:50 arg1 glycoproteins 52:64 O-linked glycoproteins 43:64 O-linked glycoproteins 43:64 Both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on O-linked glycoproteins act as functional receptors for porcine Sapovirus. 24901849 8 98 theme sialic 1474:1479 arg1 acids 1481:1485 both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1447:1485 both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids 1447:1485 These results indicated that PSaV recognizes both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids for viral attachment and infection. 24901849 4 99 theme functional 508:517 arg1 receptor 519:526 the functional receptor 504:526 the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV 504:555 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 6 100 link α2,3-linked 1067:1077 arg1 acid 1114:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 2 101 theme only 299:302 arg1 member 315:320 the only cultivable member 295:320 the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus 295:343 Currently, the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain remains the only cultivable member of the Sapovirus genus. 24901849 4 102 from sections 702:709 arg1 series 587:592 a comprehensive series 571:592 a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections 571:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 6 103 theme α2,8-linked 1095:1105 arg1 acid 1114:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 6 104 link α2,6-linked 1080:1090 arg1 acid 1114:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 7 105 theme sialidase 1237:1245 arg1 SS 1250:1251 SS 1250:1251 SS 1250:1251 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 7 105 theme sialidase 1237:1245 arg1 S 1247:1247 sialidase S 1237:1247 sialidase S (SS) 1237:1252 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 24901849 1 106 theme acute 191:195 arg1 gastroenteritis 197:211 acute gastroenteritis 191:211 acute gastroenteritis 191:211 Sapovirus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. 24901849 9 107 theme benzyl 1565:1570 arg1 benzylGalNAc 1618:1629 benzylGalNAc 1618:1629 benzylGalNAc 1618:1629 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 9 107 theme benzyl 1565:1570 arg1 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 1572:1615 benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 1565:1615 benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc) 1565:1630 Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits O-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or N-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. 24901849 6 108 theme α2,6-linked 1080:1090 arg1 acid 1114:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid 1067:1117 Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. 24901849 4 109 theme comprehensive 573:585 arg1 series 587:592 a comprehensive series 571:592 a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections 571:709 To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. 24901849 7 110 theme viral 1149:1153 arg1 attachment 1155:1164 viral attachment 1149:1164 viral attachment 1149:1164 However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or Sambucus nigra lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. 29032083 0 0 theme seaweed 93:99 arg1 cellulose 111:119 seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 93:142 seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 93:142 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 3 1 theme films 624:628 arg1 film 558:561 film the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of the films 558:628 film 558:561 Addition of BE to film the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of the films were enhanced. 29032083 3 1 theme films 624:628 arg1 properties 606:615 antimicrobial properties 592:615 antimicrobial properties of the films 592:628 Addition of BE to film the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of the films were enhanced. 29032083 1 2 theme % 249:249 arg1 w/v 251:253 5% w/v 248:253 5% w/v 248:253 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 2 theme % 249:249 arg1 nanocrystal 229:239 seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal 201:239 seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) 201:254 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 6 3 theme Due 803:805 arg1 chains 889:894 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains 803:894 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA 803:905 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 2 4 theme tensile 493:499 arg1 strength 501:508 the tensile strength 489:508 the tensile strength 489:508 The addition of 5% (w/v) CNC to PVA improved the tensile strength and water vapor permeability. 29032083 5 5 theme CNC 798:800 arg1 addition 786:793 addition 786:793 addition of CNC 786:800 The thermal stability of films was improved with addition of CNC. 29032083 3 6 dep film 558:561 arg1 activity 579:586 the antioxidant activity 563:586 the antioxidant activity 563:586 Addition of BE to film the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of the films were enhanced. 29032083 2 7 dep % 461:461 arg1 w/v 464:466 w/v 464:466 w/v 464:466 The addition of 5% (w/v) CNC to PVA improved the tensile strength and water vapor permeability. 29032083 6 8 theme macromolecular 874:887 arg1 chains 889:894 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains 803:894 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA 803:905 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 0 9 theme extracted 101:109 arg1 cellulose 111:119 seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 93:142 seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 93:142 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 1 10 dep % 273:273 arg1 basil 281:285 basil 281:285 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method 260:352 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 10 dep % 273:273 arg1 leaves 287:292 leaves 287:292 leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method 287:352 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 11 theme physical 365:372 arg1 properties 374:383 their physical properties 359:383 their physical properties 359:383 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 7 12 from increase 1045:1052 arg1 BE 1071:1072 BE 1071:1072 BE 1071:1072 The dispersion of CNC in PVA were affected with increase in the amount of BE in PVA. 29032083 7 12 from increase 1045:1052 arg1 amount 1061:1066 the amount 1057:1066 the amount of BE in PVA 1057:1079 The dispersion of CNC in PVA were affected with increase in the amount of BE in PVA. 29032083 0 13 dep cellulose 111:119 arg1 basil 138:142 basil 138:142 basil 138:142 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 0 13 dep cellulose 111:119 arg1 nano-crystal 121:132 nano-crystal 121:132 nano-crystal 121:132 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 2 14 theme vapor 520:524 arg1 permeability 526:537 water vapor permeability 514:537 water vapor permeability 514:537 The addition of 5% (w/v) CNC to PVA improved the tensile strength and water vapor permeability. 29032083 7 15 theme BE 1071:1072 arg1 BE 1071:1072 BE 1071:1072 BE 1071:1072 The dispersion of CNC in PVA were affected with increase in the amount of BE in PVA. 29032083 7 15 theme BE 1071:1072 arg1 amount 1061:1066 the amount 1057:1066 the amount of BE in PVA 1057:1079 The dispersion of CNC in PVA were affected with increase in the amount of BE in PVA. 29032083 5 16 theme films 762:766 arg1 stability 749:757 The thermal stability 737:757 The thermal stability of films 737:766 The thermal stability of films was improved with addition of CNC. 29032083 3 17 theme BE 552:553 arg1 Addition 540:547 Addition 540:547 Addition of BE to film the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of the films 540:628 Addition of BE to film the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of the films were enhanced. 29032083 2 18 theme water 514:518 arg1 permeability 526:537 water vapor permeability 514:537 water vapor permeability 514:537 The addition of 5% (w/v) CNC to PVA improved the tensile strength and water vapor permeability. 29032083 8 19 theme packaging 1205:1213 arg1 material 1215:1222 active packaging material 1198:1222 active packaging material 1198:1222 This study showed the benefits of the incorporation of CNC and BE into PVA films and the potential for their use as active packaging material for food. 29032083 6 20 theme interactions 959:970 arg1 improvement 928:938 improvement 928:938 improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA 928:994 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 6 21 theme surface 862:868 arg1 groups 821:826 functional groups 810:826 functional groups 810:826 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 6 21 theme surface 862:868 arg1 properties 840:849 linkage properties 832:849 linkage properties 832:849 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 6 21 theme surface 862:868 arg1 surface 862:868 the CNC surface 854:868 the CNC surface 854:868 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 7 22 from PVA 1077:1079 arg1 BE 1071:1072 BE 1071:1072 BE 1071:1072 The dispersion of CNC in PVA were affected with increase in the amount of BE in PVA. 29032083 7 22 from PVA 1077:1079 arg1 amount 1061:1066 the amount 1057:1066 the amount of BE in PVA 1057:1079 The dispersion of CNC in PVA were affected with increase in the amount of BE in PVA. 29032083 1 23 theme seaweed 201:207 arg1 w/v 251:253 5% w/v 248:253 5% w/v 248:253 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 23 theme seaweed 201:207 arg1 CNC 242:244 CNC 242:244 CNC 242:244 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 23 theme seaweed 201:207 arg1 nanocrystal 229:239 seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal 201:239 seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) 201:254 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 6 24 theme CNC 858:860 arg1 surface 862:868 the CNC surface 854:868 the CNC surface 854:868 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 1 25 theme extracted 209:217 arg1 w/v 251:253 5% w/v 248:253 5% w/v 248:253 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 25 theme extracted 209:217 arg1 CNC 242:244 CNC 242:244 CNC 242:244 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 25 theme extracted 209:217 arg1 nanocrystal 229:239 seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal 201:239 seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) 201:254 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 0 26 theme antioxidant 18:28 arg1 properties 30:39 antioxidant properties 18:39 antioxidant properties 18:39 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 7 27 from amount 1061:1066 arg1 PVA 1077:1079 PVA 1077:1079 PVA 1077:1079 The dispersion of CNC in PVA were affected with increase in the amount of BE in PVA. 29032083 1 28 theme cellulose 219:227 arg1 w/v 251:253 5% w/v 248:253 5% w/v 248:253 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 28 theme cellulose 219:227 arg1 CNC 242:244 CNC 242:244 CNC 242:244 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 28 theme cellulose 219:227 arg1 nanocrystal 229:239 seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal 201:239 seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) 201:254 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 0 29 theme polyvinyl 44:52 arg1 alcohol 54:60 polyvinyl alcohol 44:60 polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 44:142 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 2 30 theme % 461:461 arg1 CNC 469:471 5% (w/v) CNC 460:471 5% (w/v) CNC 460:471 The addition of 5% (w/v) CNC to PVA improved the tensile strength and water vapor permeability. 29032083 1 31 contain containing 190:199 arg2 w/v 251:253 5% w/v 248:253 5% w/v 248:253 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 31 contain containing 190:199 arg2 nanocrystal 229:239 seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal 201:239 seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) 201:254 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 31 contain containing 190:199 arg2 w/v 276:278 w/v 276:278 w/v 276:278 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 31 contain containing 190:199 arg2 antimicrobial 390:402 antimicrobial 390:402 antimicrobial 390:402 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 31 contain containing 190:199 arg2 % 273:273 5, 10, and 20% 260:273 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method 260:352 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 31 contain containing 190:199 arg2 CNC 242:244 CNC 242:244 CNC 242:244 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 31 contain containing 190:199 arg2 properties 374:383 their physical properties 359:383 their physical properties 359:383 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 31 contain containing 190:199 arg1 films 184:188 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films 160:188 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity 160:427 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 31 contain containing 190:199 arg2 activity 420:427 antioxidant activity 408:427 antioxidant activity 408:427 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 6 32 theme interfacial 947:957 arg1 interactions 959:970 the interfacial interactions 943:970 the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA 943:994 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 5 33 theme thermal 741:747 arg1 stability 749:757 The thermal stability 737:757 The thermal stability of films 737:766 The thermal stability of films was improved with addition of CNC. 29032083 2 34 theme 5 460:460 arg1 % 461:461 % 461:461 % 461:461 The addition of 5% (w/v) CNC to PVA improved the tensile strength and water vapor permeability. 29032083 8 35 theme CNC 1137:1139 arg1 incorporation 1120:1132 the incorporation 1116:1132 the incorporation of CNC and BE into PVA films and the potential for their use as active packaging material for food 1116:1231 This study showed the benefits of the incorporation of CNC and BE into PVA films and the potential for their use as active packaging material for food. 29032083 6 36 dep CNC 984:986 arg1 the 980:982 the 980:982 the 980:982 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 1 37 theme antioxidant 408:418 arg1 activity 420:427 antioxidant activity 408:427 antioxidant activity 408:427 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 0 38 theme bio 62:64 arg1 films 76:80 polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films 44:80 polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 44:142 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 6 39 theme linkage 832:838 arg1 properties 840:849 linkage properties 832:849 linkage properties 832:849 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 4 40 theme bio-nanocomposites 717:734 arg1 color 704:708 the color 700:708 the color of the bio-nanocomposites 700:734 Further, increasing the amount of BE slightly affected the color of the bio-nanocomposites. 29032083 8 41 theme active 1198:1203 arg1 material 1215:1222 active packaging material 1198:1222 active packaging material 1198:1222 This study showed the benefits of the incorporation of CNC and BE into PVA films and the potential for their use as active packaging material for food. 29032083 8 42 theme BE 1145:1146 arg1 incorporation 1120:1132 the incorporation 1116:1132 the incorporation of CNC and BE into PVA films and the potential for their use as active packaging material for food 1116:1231 This study showed the benefits of the incorporation of CNC and BE into PVA films and the potential for their use as active packaging material for food. 29032083 0 43 theme alcohol 54:60 arg1 films 76:80 polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films 44:80 polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 44:142 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 1 44 dep extract 294:300 arg1 BE 303:304 BE 303:304 BE 303:304 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 6 45 theme functional 810:819 arg1 groups 821:826 functional groups 810:826 functional groups 810:826 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 6 45 theme functional 810:819 arg1 surface 862:868 the CNC surface 854:868 the CNC surface 854:868 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 1 46 theme solvent 331:337 arg1 method 347:352 the solvent casting method 327:352 the solvent casting method 327:352 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 3 47 theme antioxidant 567:577 arg1 activity 579:586 the antioxidant activity 563:586 the antioxidant activity 563:586 Addition of BE to film the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of the films were enhanced. 29032083 7 48 theme CNC 1015:1017 arg1 dispersion 1001:1010 The dispersion 997:1010 The dispersion of CNC in PVA 997:1024 The dispersion of CNC in PVA were affected with increase in the amount of BE in PVA. 29032083 2 49 theme CNC 469:471 arg1 addition 448:455 The addition 444:455 The addition of 5% (w/v) CNC to PVA 444:478 The addition of 5% (w/v) CNC to PVA improved the tensile strength and water vapor permeability. 29032083 1 50 theme casting 339:345 arg1 method 347:352 the solvent casting method 327:352 the solvent casting method 327:352 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 8 51 theme PVA 1153:1155 arg1 films 1157:1161 PVA films 1153:1161 PVA films 1153:1161 This study showed the benefits of the incorporation of CNC and BE into PVA films and the potential for their use as active packaging material for food. 29032083 4 52 theme BE 679:680 arg1 BE 679:680 BE 679:680 BE 679:680 Further, increasing the amount of BE slightly affected the color of the bio-nanocomposites. 29032083 4 52 theme BE 679:680 arg1 amount 669:674 the amount 665:674 the amount of BE 665:680 Further, increasing the amount of BE slightly affected the color of the bio-nanocomposites. 29032083 0 53 contain containing 82:91 arg2 cellulose 111:119 seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 93:142 seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 93:142 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 0 53 contain containing 82:91 arg1 films 76:80 polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films 44:80 polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 44:142 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 0 54 theme films 76:80 arg1 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial 0:12 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 0 54 theme films 76:80 arg1 properties 30:39 antioxidant properties 18:39 antioxidant properties 18:39 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 8 55 theme incorporation 1120:1132 arg1 benefits 1104:1111 the benefits 1100:1111 the benefits of the incorporation of CNC and BE into PVA films and the potential for their use as active packaging material for food 1100:1231 This study showed the benefits of the incorporation of CNC and BE into PVA films and the potential for their use as active packaging material for food. 29032083 1 56 theme Polyvinyl 160:168 arg1 alcohol 170:176 Polyvinyl alcohol 160:176 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity 160:427 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 1 56 theme Polyvinyl 160:168 arg1 PVA 179:181 PVA 179:181 PVA 179:181 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 6 57 theme PVA 903:905 arg1 chains 889:894 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains 803:894 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA 803:905 Due to functional groups and linkage properties of the CNC surface and macromolecular chains of the PVA were responsible for improvement of the interfacial interactions between the CNC and PVA. 29032083 0 58 theme composite 66:74 arg1 films 76:80 polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films 44:80 polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil 44:142 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of polyvinyl alcohol bio composite films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nano-crystal and basil leaves extract. 29032083 3 59 theme antimicrobial 592:604 arg1 properties 606:615 antimicrobial properties 592:615 antimicrobial properties of the films 592:628 Addition of BE to film the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of the films were enhanced. 29032083 1 60 theme alcohol 170:176 arg1 films 184:188 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films 160:188 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity 160:427 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing seaweed extracted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (5% w/v) and 5, 10, and 20% (w/v) basil leaves extract (BE) were prepared using the solvent casting method, and their physical properties, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity were analyzed. 29032083 7 61 from dispersion 1001:1010 arg1 PVA 1022:1024 PVA 1022:1024 PVA 1022:1024 The dispersion of CNC in PVA were affected with increase in the amount of BE in PVA. 26292283 1 0 theme cell 283:286 arg1 chondrocytes 326:337 chondrocytes 326:337 chondrocytes 326:337 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 0 theme cell 283:286 arg1 cells 380:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 343:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 343:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 0 theme cell 283:286 arg1 sources 288:294 commonly used cell sources 269:294 commonly used cell sources 269:294 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 6 1 theme stimulation 948:958 arg1 application 914:924 the application 910:924 the application of complex mechanical stimulation 910:958 Constructs were cultured, for 7 or 28 days, under free-swelling conditions or with the application of complex mechanical stimulation, using a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements. 26292283 7 2 theme cell 1160:1163 arg1 medium 1173:1178 the cell culture medium 1156:1178 the cell culture medium 1156:1178 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 10 3 theme hypertrophic 1844:1855 arg1 differentiation 1857:1871 hypertrophic differentiation 1844:1871 hypertrophic differentiation 1844:1871 To further investigate the resistance of ACPCs to hypertrophy, overexpression of a factor associated with hypertrophic differentiation, BMP-2, was investigated. 26292283 9 4 theme gene 1507:1510 arg1 profile 1523:1529 a promising gene expression profile 1495:1529 a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase) 1495:1735 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 6 5 theme complex 929:935 arg1 stimulation 948:958 complex mechanical stimulation 929:958 complex mechanical stimulation 929:958 Constructs were cultured, for 7 or 28 days, under free-swelling conditions or with the application of complex mechanical stimulation, using a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements. 26292283 11 6 used used 1953:1956 arg2 protocol 1940:1947 A novel, three-dimensional, transduction protocol 1899:1947 protocol 1940:1947 A novel, three-dimensional, transduction protocol was used to transduce cells with an adenovirus coding for BMP-2. 26292283 12 7 from increase 2071:2078 arg1 markers 2083:2089 markers 2083:2089 markers associated with hypertropy 2083:2116 Over-expression of BMP-2, independent of load, led to an increase in markers associated with hypertropy. 26292283 4 8 theme composite 712:720 arg1 scaffolds 722:730 fibrin-polyurethane composite scaffolds 692:730 fibrin-polyurethane composite scaffolds 692:730 hACPCs were cultured in fibrin-polyurethane composite scaffolds. 26292283 3 9 theme adenoviral-mediated 592:610 arg1 overexpression 612:625 adenoviral-mediated overexpression 592:625 adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) 592:665 The current study opted to investigate whether human ACPCs (hACPCs) are responsive towards mechanical stimulation and/or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). 26292283 1 10 theme new 213:215 arg1 source 259:264 a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source 211:264 a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 211:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 12 11 theme independent 2040:2050 arg1 Over-expression 2014:2028 Over-expression 2014:2028 Over-expression 2014:2028 Over-expression of BMP-2, independent of load, led to an increase in markers associated with hypertropy. 26292283 5 12 theme defined 758:764 arg1 medium 785:790 a defined chondro-permissive medium 756:790 a defined chondro-permissive medium 756:790 Cells were cultured in a defined chondro-permissive medium, lacking exogenous growth factors. 26292283 3 13 theme morphogenetic 635:647 arg1 protein 649:655 bone morphogenetic protein 2 630:657 bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) 630:665 The current study opted to investigate whether human ACPCs (hACPCs) are responsive towards mechanical stimulation and/or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). 26292283 3 13 theme morphogenetic 635:647 arg1 BMP-2 660:664 BMP-2 660:664 BMP-2 660:664 The current study opted to investigate whether human ACPCs (hACPCs) are responsive towards mechanical stimulation and/or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). 26292283 9 14 theme marker 1575:1580 arg1 genes 1582:1586 cartilaginous marker genes 1561:1586 cartilaginous marker genes 1561:1586 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 9 14 theme marker 1575:1580 arg1 type 1611:1614 collagen type II 1602:1617 specifically collagen type II 1589:1617 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 8 15 theme stimulation 1289:1299 arg1 application 1263:1273 The application 1259:1273 The application of mechanical stimulation 1259:1299 The application of mechanical stimulation alone resulted in the initiation of chondrogenesis, demonstrating the cells are mechanoresponsive. 26292283 7 16 theme growth 1105:1110 arg1 beta 1119:1122 transforming growth factor beta 1 1092:1124 transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration 1092:1147 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 7 16 theme growth 1105:1110 arg1 TGF-β1 1127:1132 TGF-β1 1127:1132 TGF-β1 1127:1132 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 6 17 theme custom 969:974 arg1 bioreactor 982:991 a custom built bioreactor 967:991 a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements 967:1037 Constructs were cultured, for 7 or 28 days, under free-swelling conditions or with the application of complex mechanical stimulation, using a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements. 26292283 6 17 theme custom 969:974 arg1 able 1001:1004 able 1001:1004 able 1001:1004 Constructs were cultured, for 7 or 28 days, under free-swelling conditions or with the application of complex mechanical stimulation, using a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements. 26292283 13 18 theme tissue 2199:2204 arg1 applications 2218:2229 cartilage tissue engineering applications 2189:2229 cartilage tissue engineering applications 2189:2229 Taken together ACPCs represent a potential alterative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications. 26292283 9 19 theme collagen 1602:1609 arg1 genes 1582:1586 cartilaginous marker genes 1561:1586 cartilaginous marker genes 1561:1586 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 9 19 theme collagen 1602:1609 arg1 type 1611:1614 collagen type II 1602:1617 specifically collagen type II 1589:1617 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 5 20 theme growth 811:816 arg1 factors 818:824 exogenous growth factors 801:824 exogenous growth factors 801:824 Cells were cultured in a defined chondro-permissive medium, lacking exogenous growth factors. 26292283 1 21 theme derived 355:361 arg1 MSCs 387:390 MSCs 387:390 MSCs 387:390 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 21 theme derived 355:361 arg1 cells 380:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 343:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 343:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 9 22 from increase 1638:1645 arg1 X 1688:1688 the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1650:1688 the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1650:1688 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 1 23 theme stem 375:378 arg1 MSCs 387:390 MSCs 387:390 MSCs 387:390 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 23 theme stem 375:378 arg1 cells 380:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 343:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 343:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 6 24 theme joint-like 1018:1027 arg1 movements 1029:1037 joint-like movements 1018:1037 joint-like movements 1018:1037 Constructs were cultured, for 7 or 28 days, under free-swelling conditions or with the application of complex mechanical stimulation, using a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements. 26292283 0 25 theme Bone-Morphogenetic 126:143 arg1 Protein 145:151 Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2 126:153 Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2 126:153 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells Are Responsive to Mechanical Stimulation and Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2. 26292283 1 26 theme cartilage 166:174 arg1 cells 187:191 Articular cartilage progenitor cells 156:191 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) 156:199 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 26 theme cartilage 166:174 arg1 ACPCs 194:198 ACPCs 194:198 ACPCs 194:198 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 0 27 theme Human 0:4 arg1 Cells 37:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells 0:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells 0:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells Are Responsive to Mechanical Stimulation and Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2. 26292283 1 28 theme cartilage 300:308 arg1 repair 310:315 cartilage repair 300:315 cartilage repair 300:315 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 9 29 theme hypertrophic 1654:1665 arg1 X 1688:1688 the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1650:1688 the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1650:1688 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 2 30 theme ACPCs 449:453 arg1 resistance 435:444 the apparent resistance 422:444 the apparent resistance of ACPCs to hypertrophy 422:468 This is particularly due to the apparent resistance of ACPCs to hypertrophy. 26292283 3 31 theme current 475:481 arg1 study 483:487 The current study 471:487 The current study 471:487 The current study opted to investigate whether human ACPCs (hACPCs) are responsive towards mechanical stimulation and/or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). 26292283 0 32 theme Cartilage 16:24 arg1 Cells 37:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells 0:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells 0:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells Are Responsive to Mechanical Stimulation and Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2. 26292283 9 33 theme increased 1422:1430 arg1 production 1436:1445 increased GAG production 1422:1445 increased GAG production 1422:1445 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 9 34 theme collagen 1674:1681 arg1 X 1688:1688 the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1650:1688 the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1650:1688 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 7 35 theme gene 1197:1200 arg1 analyses 1213:1220 gene expression analyses 1197:1220 gene expression analyses 1197:1220 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 0 36 theme Mechanical 61:70 arg1 Stimulation 72:82 Mechanical Stimulation 61:82 Mechanical Stimulation 61:82 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells Are Responsive to Mechanical Stimulation and Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2. 26292283 13 37 theme potential 2152:2160 arg1 source 2178:2183 a potential alterative cell source 2150:2183 a potential alterative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications 2150:2229 Taken together ACPCs represent a potential alterative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications. 26292283 6 38 theme free-swelling 877:889 arg1 conditions 891:900 free-swelling conditions 877:900 free-swelling conditions 877:900 Constructs were cultured, for 7 or 28 days, under free-swelling conditions or with the application of complex mechanical stimulation, using a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements. 26292283 1 39 theme cell 254:257 arg1 source 259:264 a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source 211:264 a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 211:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 9 40 theme marker 1708:1713 arg1 phosphatase 1724:1734 the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase 1693:1734 the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase 1693:1734 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 10 41 theme factor 1821:1826 arg1 overexpression 1801:1814 overexpression 1801:1814 overexpression of a factor associated with hypertrophic differentiation, BMP-2, 1801:1879 To further investigate the resistance of ACPCs to hypertrophy, overexpression of a factor associated with hypertrophic differentiation, BMP-2, was investigated. 26292283 9 42 theme hypertrophic 1470:1481 arg1 markers 1483:1489 hypertrophic markers 1470:1489 hypertrophic markers 1470:1489 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 7 43 theme culture 1165:1171 arg1 medium 1173:1178 the cell culture medium 1156:1178 the cell culture medium 1156:1178 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 3 44 theme human 518:522 arg1 ACPCs 524:528 human ACPCs 518:528 human ACPCs (hACPCs) 518:537 The current study opted to investigate whether human ACPCs (hACPCs) are responsive towards mechanical stimulation and/or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). 26292283 3 44 theme human 518:522 arg1 hACPCs 531:536 hACPCs 531:536 hACPCs 531:536 The current study opted to investigate whether human ACPCs (hACPCs) are responsive towards mechanical stimulation and/or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). 26292283 1 45 theme used 278:281 arg1 chondrocytes 326:337 chondrocytes 326:337 chondrocytes 326:337 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 45 theme used 278:281 arg1 cells 380:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 343:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 343:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 45 theme used 278:281 arg1 sources 288:294 commonly used cell sources 269:294 commonly used cell sources 269:294 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 13 46 theme alterative 2162:2171 arg1 source 2178:2183 a potential alterative cell source 2150:2183 a potential alterative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications 2150:2229 Taken together ACPCs represent a potential alterative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications. 26292283 9 47 theme promising 1497:1505 arg1 profile 1523:1529 a promising gene expression profile 1495:1529 a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase) 1495:1735 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 6 48 theme mechanical 937:946 arg1 stimulation 948:958 complex mechanical stimulation 929:958 complex mechanical stimulation 929:958 Constructs were cultured, for 7 or 28 days, under free-swelling conditions or with the application of complex mechanical stimulation, using a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements. 26292283 9 49 theme expression 1512:1521 arg1 profile 1523:1529 a promising gene expression profile 1495:1529 a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase) 1495:1735 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 13 50 theme cell 2173:2176 arg1 source 2178:2183 a potential alterative cell source 2150:2183 a potential alterative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications 2150:2229 Taken together ACPCs represent a potential alterative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications. 26292283 4 51 theme fibrin-polyurethane 692:710 arg1 scaffolds 722:730 fibrin-polyurethane composite scaffolds 692:730 fibrin-polyurethane composite scaffolds 692:730 hACPCs were cultured in fibrin-polyurethane composite scaffolds. 26292283 11 52 theme novel 1901:1905 arg1 protocol 1940:1947 A novel, three-dimensional, transduction protocol 1899:1947 protocol 1940:1947 A novel, three-dimensional, transduction protocol was used to transduce cells with an adenovirus coding for BMP-2. 26292283 3 53 theme mechanical 562:571 arg1 stimulation 573:583 mechanical stimulation 562:583 mechanical stimulation 562:583 The current study opted to investigate whether human ACPCs (hACPCs) are responsive towards mechanical stimulation and/or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). 26292283 7 54 theme factor 1112:1117 arg1 beta 1119:1122 transforming growth factor beta 1 1092:1124 transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration 1092:1147 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 7 54 theme factor 1112:1117 arg1 TGF-β1 1127:1132 TGF-β1 1127:1132 TGF-β1 1127:1132 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 3 55 theme bone 630:633 arg1 protein 649:655 bone morphogenetic protein 2 630:657 bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) 630:665 The current study opted to investigate whether human ACPCs (hACPCs) are responsive towards mechanical stimulation and/or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). 26292283 3 55 theme bone 630:633 arg1 BMP-2 660:664 BMP-2 660:664 BMP-2 660:664 The current study opted to investigate whether human ACPCs (hACPCs) are responsive towards mechanical stimulation and/or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). 26292283 9 56 theme significant 1532:1542 arg1 up-regulation 1544:1556 significant up-regulation 1532:1556 significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1532:1688 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 9 57 theme cartilaginous 1561:1573 arg1 genes 1582:1586 cartilaginous marker genes 1561:1586 cartilaginous marker genes 1561:1586 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 9 57 theme cartilaginous 1561:1573 arg1 type 1611:1614 collagen type II 1602:1617 specifically collagen type II 1589:1617 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 8 58 theme chondrogenesis 1337:1350 arg1 initiation 1323:1332 the initiation 1319:1332 the initiation of chondrogenesis 1319:1350 The application of mechanical stimulation alone resulted in the initiation of chondrogenesis, demonstrating the cells are mechanoresponsive. 26292283 7 59 theme transforming 1092:1103 arg1 beta 1119:1122 transforming growth factor beta 1 1092:1124 transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration 1092:1147 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 7 59 theme transforming 1092:1103 arg1 TGF-β1 1127:1132 TGF-β1 1127:1132 TGF-β1 1127:1132 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 9 60 theme genes 1582:1586 arg1 up-regulation 1544:1556 significant up-regulation 1532:1556 significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1532:1688 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 9 60 theme genes 1582:1586 arg1 phosphatase 1724:1734 the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase 1693:1734 the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase 1693:1734 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 8 61 theme mechanical 1278:1287 arg1 stimulation 1289:1299 mechanical stimulation 1278:1299 mechanical stimulation 1278:1299 The application of mechanical stimulation alone resulted in the initiation of chondrogenesis, demonstrating the cells are mechanoresponsive. 26292283 6 62 theme built 976:980 arg1 bioreactor 982:991 a custom built bioreactor 967:991 a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements 967:1037 Constructs were cultured, for 7 or 28 days, under free-swelling conditions or with the application of complex mechanical stimulation, using a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements. 26292283 6 62 theme built 976:980 arg1 able 1001:1004 able 1001:1004 able 1001:1004 Constructs were cultured, for 7 or 28 days, under free-swelling conditions or with the application of complex mechanical stimulation, using a custom built bioreactor that is able to generate joint-like movements. 26292283 7 63 theme expression 1202:1211 arg1 analyses 1213:1220 gene expression analyses 1197:1220 gene expression analyses 1197:1220 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 7 64 theme BMP-2 1082:1086 arg1 concentration 1135:1147 transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration 1092:1147 transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration 1092:1147 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 7 64 theme BMP-2 1082:1086 arg1 quantification 1064:1077 quantification 1064:1077 quantification of BMP-2 1064:1086 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 13 65 theme cartilage 2189:2197 arg1 applications 2218:2229 cartilage tissue engineering applications 2189:2229 cartilage tissue engineering applications 2189:2229 Taken together ACPCs represent a potential alterative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications. 26292283 1 66 theme Articular 156:164 arg1 cells 187:191 Articular cartilage progenitor cells 156:191 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) 156:199 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 66 theme Articular 156:164 arg1 ACPCs 194:198 ACPCs 194:198 ACPCs 194:198 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 5 67 theme exogenous 801:809 arg1 factors 818:824 exogenous growth factors 801:824 exogenous growth factors 801:824 Cells were cultured in a defined chondro-permissive medium, lacking exogenous growth factors. 26292283 13 68 theme engineering 2206:2216 arg1 applications 2218:2229 cartilage tissue engineering applications 2189:2229 cartilage tissue engineering applications 2189:2229 Taken together ACPCs represent a potential alterative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications. 26292283 3 69 theme protein 649:655 arg1 overexpression 612:625 adenoviral-mediated overexpression 592:625 adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) 592:665 The current study opted to investigate whether human ACPCs (hACPCs) are responsive towards mechanical stimulation and/or adenoviral-mediated overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). 26292283 7 70 theme Outcome 1040:1046 arg1 parameters 1048:1057 Outcome parameters 1040:1057 Outcome parameters 1040:1057 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 1 71 theme progenitor 176:185 arg1 cells 187:191 Articular cartilage progenitor cells 156:191 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) 156:199 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 71 theme progenitor 176:185 arg1 ACPCs 194:198 ACPCs 194:198 ACPCs 194:198 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 9 72 theme expression 1456:1465 arg1 lack 1448:1451 lack 1448:1451 lack of expression of hypertrophic markers 1448:1489 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 9 72 theme expression 1456:1465 arg1 profile 1523:1529 a promising gene expression profile 1495:1529 a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase) 1495:1735 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 9 72 theme expression 1456:1465 arg1 production 1436:1445 increased GAG production 1422:1445 increased GAG production 1422:1445 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 0 73 theme Adenoviral-Mediated 88:106 arg1 Overexpression 108:121 Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression 88:121 Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression 88:121 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells Are Responsive to Mechanical Stimulation and Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2. 26292283 1 74 theme mesenchymal 363:373 arg1 MSCs 387:390 MSCs 387:390 MSCs 387:390 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 74 theme mesenchymal 363:373 arg1 cells 380:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 343:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 343:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 5 75 theme chondro-permissive 766:783 arg1 medium 785:790 a defined chondro-permissive medium 756:790 a defined chondro-permissive medium 756:790 Cells were cultured in a defined chondro-permissive medium, lacking exogenous growth factors. 26292283 11 76 dep novel 1901:1905 arg1 three-dimensional 1908:1924 three-dimensional 1908:1924 three-dimensional 1908:1924 A novel, three-dimensional, transduction protocol was used to transduce cells with an adenovirus coding for BMP-2. 26292283 12 77 theme BMP-2 2033:2037 arg1 Over-expression 2014:2028 Over-expression 2014:2028 Over-expression 2014:2028 Over-expression of BMP-2, independent of load, led to an increase in markers associated with hypertropy. 26292283 11 78 dep protocol 1940:1947 arg1 transduction 1927:1938 A novel, three-dimensional, transduction protocol 1899:1947 transduction 1927:1938 A novel, three-dimensional, transduction protocol was used to transduce cells with an adenovirus coding for BMP-2. 26292283 0 79 theme Protein 145:151 arg1 Stimulation 72:82 Mechanical Stimulation 61:82 Mechanical Stimulation 61:82 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells Are Responsive to Mechanical Stimulation and Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2. 26292283 0 79 theme Protein 145:151 arg1 Overexpression 108:121 Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression 88:121 Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression 88:121 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells Are Responsive to Mechanical Stimulation and Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2. 26292283 7 80 dep quantification 1064:1077 arg1 analyses 1213:1220 gene expression analyses 1197:1220 gene expression analyses 1197:1220 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 7 80 dep quantification 1064:1077 arg1 biochemical 1181:1191 biochemical 1181:1191 biochemical 1181:1191 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 7 80 dep quantification 1064:1077 arg1 immunohistochemistry 1237:1256 immunohistochemistry 1237:1256 immunohistochemistry 1237:1256 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 7 80 dep quantification 1064:1077 arg1 histology 1223:1231 histology 1223:1231 histology 1223:1231 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 0 81 theme Articular 6:14 arg1 Cells 37:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells 0:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells 0:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells Are Responsive to Mechanical Stimulation and Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2. 26292283 0 82 theme Progenitor 26:35 arg1 Cells 37:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells 0:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells 0:41 Human Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells Are Responsive to Mechanical Stimulation and Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of Bone-Morphogenetic Protein 2. 26292283 9 83 theme marker 1667:1672 arg1 X 1688:1688 the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1650:1688 the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1650:1688 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 1 84 link derived 355:361 arg1 MSCs 387:390 MSCs 387:390 MSCs 387:390 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 84 link derived 355:361 arg1 cells 380:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 343:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 343:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 2 85 theme apparent 426:433 arg1 resistance 435:444 the apparent resistance 422:444 the apparent resistance of ACPCs to hypertrophy 422:468 This is particularly due to the apparent resistance of ACPCs to hypertrophy. 26292283 9 86 theme GAG 1432:1434 arg1 production 1436:1445 increased GAG production 1422:1445 increased GAG production 1422:1445 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 1 87 theme powerful 233:240 arg1 source 259:264 a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source 211:264 a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 211:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 9 88 theme type 1683:1686 arg1 X 1688:1688 the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1650:1688 the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1650:1688 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 13 89 dep represent 2140:2148 arg1 Taken 2119:2123 Taken 2119:2123 Taken together 2119:2132 Taken together ACPCs represent a potential alterative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering applications. 26292283 7 90 theme beta 1119:1122 arg1 concentration 1135:1147 transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration 1092:1147 transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration 1092:1147 Outcome parameters were quantification of BMP-2 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration within the cell culture medium, biochemical and gene expression analyses, histology and immunohistochemistry. 26292283 9 91 dep profile 1523:1529 arg1 up-regulation 1544:1556 significant up-regulation 1532:1556 significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X 1532:1688 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 9 91 dep profile 1523:1529 arg1 phosphatase 1724:1734 the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase 1693:1734 the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase 1693:1734 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 1 92 theme bone-marrow 343:353 arg1 MSCs 387:390 MSCs 387:390 MSCs 387:390 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 1 92 theme bone-marrow 343:353 arg1 cells 380:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells 343:384 bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 343:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 9 93 theme osteogenic 1697:1706 arg1 phosphatase 1724:1734 the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase 1693:1734 the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase 1693:1734 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 10 94 theme ACPCs 1779:1783 arg1 resistance 1765:1774 the resistance 1761:1774 the resistance of ACPCs to hypertrophy 1761:1798 To further investigate the resistance of ACPCs to hypertrophy, overexpression of a factor associated with hypertrophic differentiation, BMP-2, was investigated. 26292283 1 95 theme alternative 242:252 arg1 source 259:264 a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source 211:264 a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 211:391 Articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) represent a new and potentially powerful alternative cell source to commonly used cell sources for cartilage repair, such as chondrocytes and bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 26292283 9 96 theme alkaline 1715:1722 arg1 phosphatase 1724:1734 the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase 1693:1734 the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase 1693:1734 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 26292283 12 97 theme load 2055:2058 arg1 independent 2040:2050 independent 2040:2050 independent 2040:2050 Over-expression of BMP-2, independent of load, led to an increase in markers associated with hypertropy. 26292283 9 98 theme markers 1483:1489 arg1 expression 1456:1465 expression 1456:1465 expression of hypertrophic markers 1456:1489 This was evidenced by increased GAG production, lack of expression of hypertrophic markers and a promising gene expression profile (significant up-regulation of cartilaginous marker genes, specifically collagen type II, accompanied by no increase in the hypertrophic marker collagen type X or the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase). 25903282 8 0 theme natural 1088:1094 arg1 origin 1096:1101 natural origin 1088:1101 natural origin 1088:1101 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 8 1 theme origin 1096:1101 arg1 matrix 1078:1083 a cheap, non-toxic matrix 1059:1083 a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin 1059:1101 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 6 2 theme native 885:890 arg1 lipase 892:897 the native lipase 881:897 the native lipase 881:897 The systems with immobilized enzymes were found to have a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU, and increased thermal and pH stability compared with the native lipase. 25903282 8 3 with systems 1113:1119 arg1 applications 1136:1147 potential applications 1126:1147 potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors 1126:1201 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 8 4 theme potential 1126:1134 arg1 applications 1136:1147 potential applications 1126:1147 potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors 1126:1201 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 5 5 theme hydrolysis 592:601 arg1 reaction 603:610 the hydrolysis reaction 588:610 the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl palmitate 588:640 Based on the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl palmitate, a determination was made of the catalytic activity, thermal and pH stability, and reusability. 25903282 2 6 from immobilization 284:297 arg1 surface 320:326 the surface 316:326 the surface of the composite support 316:351 Analysis by techniques including FTIR, XPS and 13C CP MAS NMR confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support. 25903282 4 7 theme elemental 453:461 arg1 analysis 463:470 elemental analysis 453:470 elemental analysis 453:470 Results obtained from elemental analysis and by the Bradford method enabled the determination of optimum parameters for the immobilization process. 25903282 5 8 theme para-nitrophenyl 615:630 arg1 palmitate 632:640 para-nitrophenyl palmitate 615:640 para-nitrophenyl palmitate 615:640 Based on the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl palmitate, a determination was made of the catalytic activity, thermal and pH stability, and reusability. 25903282 1 9 theme Innovative 68:77 arg1 materials 79:87 Innovative materials 68:87 Innovative materials 68:87 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 1 10 theme lipase 167:172 arg1 combination 107:117 the combination 103:117 the combination of chitin and lignin 103:138 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 1 10 theme lipase 167:172 arg1 immobilization 149:162 the immobilization 145:162 the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger 145:195 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 5 11 theme palmitate 632:640 arg1 reaction 603:610 the hydrolysis reaction 588:610 the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl palmitate 588:640 Based on the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl palmitate, a determination was made of the catalytic activity, thermal and pH stability, and reusability. 25903282 2 12 theme CP 249:250 arg1 NMR 256:258 13C CP MAS NMR 245:258 13C CP MAS NMR 245:258 Analysis by techniques including FTIR, XPS and 13C CP MAS NMR confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support. 25903282 6 13 theme pH 854:855 arg1 stability 857:865 thermal and pH stability 842:865 stability 857:865 The systems with immobilized enzymes were found to have a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU, and increased thermal and pH stability compared with the native lipase. 25903282 8 14 theme immobilization 1029:1042 arg1 process 1044:1050 The immobilization process 1025:1050 The immobilization process 1025:1050 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 6 15 with systems 742:748 arg1 enzymes 767:773 immobilized enzymes 755:773 immobilized enzymes 755:773 The systems with immobilized enzymes were found to have a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU, and increased thermal and pH stability compared with the native lipase. 25903282 7 16 theme reaction 1008:1015 arg1 cycles 1017:1022 20 reaction cycles 1005:1022 20 reaction cycles 1005:1022 The products were also shown to retain approximately 80% of their initial catalytic activity, even after 20 reaction cycles. 25903282 3 17 theme systems 401:407 arg1 properties 373:382 The electrokinetic properties 354:382 The electrokinetic properties of the resulting systems 354:407 The electrokinetic properties of the resulting systems were also determined. 25903282 3 18 theme electrokinetic 358:371 arg1 properties 373:382 The electrokinetic properties 354:382 The electrokinetic properties of the resulting systems 354:407 The electrokinetic properties of the resulting systems were also determined. 25903282 6 19 theme hydrolytic 796:805 arg1 activity 807:814 a hydrolytic activity 794:814 a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU 794:825 The systems with immobilized enzymes were found to have a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU, and increased thermal and pH stability compared with the native lipase. 25903282 1 20 from combination 107:117 arg1 niger 191:195 Aspergillus niger 179:195 Aspergillus niger 179:195 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 2 21 theme support 345:351 arg1 surface 320:326 the surface 316:326 the surface of the composite support 316:351 Analysis by techniques including FTIR, XPS and 13C CP MAS NMR confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support. 25903282 8 22 theme wastewater 1152:1161 arg1 processes 1175:1183 wastewater remediation processes 1152:1183 wastewater remediation processes 1152:1183 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 4 23 theme parameters 536:545 arg1 determination 511:523 the determination 507:523 the determination of optimum parameters for the immobilization process 507:576 Results obtained from elemental analysis and by the Bradford method enabled the determination of optimum parameters for the immobilization process. 25903282 5 24 theme thermal 695:701 arg1 stability 710:718 thermal and pH stability 695:718 stability 710:718 Based on the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl palmitate, a determination was made of the catalytic activity, thermal and pH stability, and reusability. 25903282 2 25 theme effective 274:282 arg1 immobilization 284:297 the effective immobilization 270:297 the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support 270:351 Analysis by techniques including FTIR, XPS and 13C CP MAS NMR confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support. 25903282 1 26 theme Aspergillus 179:189 arg1 niger 191:195 Aspergillus niger 179:195 Aspergillus niger 179:195 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 8 27 dep cheap 1061:1065 arg1 non-toxic 1068:1076 non-toxic 1068:1076 non-toxic 1068:1076 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 4 28 theme immobilization 555:568 arg1 process 570:576 the immobilization process 551:576 the immobilization process 551:576 Results obtained from elemental analysis and by the Bradford method enabled the determination of optimum parameters for the immobilization process. 25903282 2 29 theme MAS 252:254 arg1 NMR 256:258 13C CP MAS NMR 245:258 13C CP MAS NMR 245:258 Analysis by techniques including FTIR, XPS and 13C CP MAS NMR confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support. 25903282 1 30 theme lignin 133:138 arg1 combination 107:117 the combination 103:117 the combination of chitin and lignin 103:138 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 1 30 theme lignin 133:138 arg1 immobilization 149:162 the immobilization 145:162 the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger 145:195 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 5 31 theme pH 707:708 arg1 stability 710:718 thermal and pH stability 695:718 stability 710:718 Based on the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl palmitate, a determination was made of the catalytic activity, thermal and pH stability, and reusability. 25903282 6 32 theme thermal 842:848 arg1 stability 857:865 thermal and pH stability 842:865 stability 857:865 The systems with immobilized enzymes were found to have a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU, and increased thermal and pH stability compared with the native lipase. 25903282 0 33 theme novel 28:32 arg1 matrix 34:39 a novel matrix 26:39 a novel matrix for enzyme immobilization 26:65 Chitin-lignin material as a novel matrix for enzyme immobilization. 25903282 3 34 theme resulting 391:399 arg1 systems 401:407 the resulting systems 387:407 the resulting systems 387:407 The electrokinetic properties of the resulting systems were also determined. 25903282 6 35 theme immobilized 755:765 arg1 enzymes 767:773 immobilized enzymes 755:773 immobilized enzymes 755:773 The systems with immobilized enzymes were found to have a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU, and increased thermal and pH stability compared with the native lipase. 25903282 0 36 theme enzyme 45:50 arg1 immobilization 52:65 enzyme immobilization 45:65 enzyme immobilization 45:65 Chitin-lignin material as a novel matrix for enzyme immobilization. 25903282 8 37 theme remediation 1163:1173 arg1 processes 1175:1183 wastewater remediation processes 1152:1183 wastewater remediation processes 1152:1183 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 8 38 theme cheap 1061:1065 arg1 matrix 1078:1083 a cheap, non-toxic matrix 1059:1083 a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin 1059:1101 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 4 39 theme optimum 528:534 arg1 parameters 536:545 optimum parameters 528:545 optimum parameters for the immobilization process 528:576 Results obtained from elemental analysis and by the Bradford method enabled the determination of optimum parameters for the immobilization process. 25903282 5 40 theme catalytic 675:683 arg1 activity 685:692 the catalytic activity 671:692 the catalytic activity 671:692 Based on the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl palmitate, a determination was made of the catalytic activity, thermal and pH stability, and reusability. 25903282 8 41 from applications 1136:1147 arg1 processes 1175:1183 wastewater remediation processes 1152:1183 wastewater remediation processes 1152:1183 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 8 41 from applications 1136:1147 arg1 biosensors 1192:1201 biosensors 1192:1201 biosensors 1192:1201 The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors. 25903282 7 42 theme initial 966:972 arg1 activity 984:991 their initial catalytic activity 960:991 their initial catalytic activity 960:991 The products were also shown to retain approximately 80% of their initial catalytic activity, even after 20 reaction cycles. 25903282 6 43 theme mU 824:825 arg1 activity 807:814 a hydrolytic activity 794:814 a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU 794:825 The systems with immobilized enzymes were found to have a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU, and increased thermal and pH stability compared with the native lipase. 25903282 2 44 theme 13C 245:247 arg1 NMR 256:258 13C CP MAS NMR 245:258 13C CP MAS NMR 245:258 Analysis by techniques including FTIR, XPS and 13C CP MAS NMR confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support. 25903282 1 45 from niger 191:195 arg1 lipase 167:172 lipase 167:172 lipase from Aspergillus niger 167:195 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 1 45 from niger 191:195 arg1 combination 107:117 the combination 103:117 the combination of chitin and lignin 103:138 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 1 45 from niger 191:195 arg1 immobilization 149:162 the immobilization 145:162 the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger 145:195 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 1 46 theme chitin 122:127 arg1 combination 107:117 the combination 103:117 the combination of chitin and lignin 103:138 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 1 46 theme chitin 122:127 arg1 immobilization 149:162 the immobilization 145:162 the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger 145:195 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 25903282 7 47 theme catalytic 974:982 arg1 activity 984:991 their initial catalytic activity 960:991 their initial catalytic activity 960:991 The products were also shown to retain approximately 80% of their initial catalytic activity, even after 20 reaction cycles. 25903282 7 48 theme activity 984:991 arg1 activity 984:991 their initial catalytic activity 960:991 their initial catalytic activity 960:991 The products were also shown to retain approximately 80% of their initial catalytic activity, even after 20 reaction cycles. 25903282 7 48 theme activity 984:991 arg1 % 955:955 approximately 80% 939:955 approximately 80% of their initial catalytic activity 939:991 The products were also shown to retain approximately 80% of their initial catalytic activity, even after 20 reaction cycles. 25903282 2 49 theme enzyme 306:311 arg1 immobilization 284:297 the effective immobilization 270:297 the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support 270:351 Analysis by techniques including FTIR, XPS and 13C CP MAS NMR confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support. 25903282 6 50 contain have 789:792 arg2 activity 807:814 a hydrolytic activity 794:814 a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU 794:825 The systems with immobilized enzymes were found to have a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU, and increased thermal and pH stability compared with the native lipase. 25903282 6 50 contain have 789:792 arg1 systems 742:748 The systems 738:748 The systems with immobilized enzymes 738:773 The systems with immobilized enzymes were found to have a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU, and increased thermal and pH stability compared with the native lipase. 25903282 2 51 theme composite 335:343 arg1 support 345:351 the composite support 331:351 the composite support 331:351 Analysis by techniques including FTIR, XPS and 13C CP MAS NMR confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support. 25903282 4 52 theme Bradford 483:490 arg1 method 492:497 the Bradford method 479:497 the Bradford method 479:497 Results obtained from elemental analysis and by the Bradford method enabled the determination of optimum parameters for the immobilization process. 25903282 1 53 from immobilization 149:162 arg1 niger 191:195 Aspergillus niger 179:195 Aspergillus niger 179:195 Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. 27592253 0 0 theme nanofibrous 92:102 arg1 sheets 104:109 buccal nanofibrous sheets 85:109 buccal nanofibrous sheets 85:109 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded buccal nanofibrous sheets. 27592253 7 1 from beneficial 1105:1114 arg1 administration 1125:1138 local administration 1119:1138 local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode 1119:1194 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 0 2 theme buccal 85:90 arg1 sheets 104:109 buccal nanofibrous sheets 85:109 buccal nanofibrous sheets 85:109 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded buccal nanofibrous sheets. 27592253 3 3 theme stainless 520:528 arg1 assembly 541:548 a stainless steel disc assembly 518:548 a stainless steel disc assembly 518:548 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride was carried out applying a stainless steel disc assembly and the terbinafine concentration was determined by HPLC-MS in selective ion monitoring mode. 27592253 7 4 from mucosa 1075:1080 arg1 absorption 1021:1030 the limited absorption 1009:1030 the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa 1009:1080 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 7 5 theme local 1119:1123 arg1 administration 1125:1138 local administration 1119:1138 local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode 1119:1194 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 4 6 theme fibrous 702:708 arg1 samples 710:716 the prepared fibrous samples 689:716 the prepared fibrous samples 689:716 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 5 7 theme fibrous 813:819 arg1 films 821:825 the fibrous films 809:825 the fibrous films 809:825 The result indicates that the fibrous films enabled fast and complete dissolution of the active agent. 27592253 1 8 theme hydrochloride-loaded 124:143 arg1 films 164:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films 112:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films 112:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films were formulated with the aim to improve the solubility and dissolution behavior; thus, the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent. 27592253 6 9 theme oral 915:918 arg1 cavity 920:925 the oral cavity 911:925 the oral cavity 911:925 The drug absorption from the oral cavity could be minimized by the employment of the proper oral transit model. 27592253 3 10 theme terbinafine 558:568 arg1 concentration 570:582 the terbinafine concentration 554:582 the terbinafine concentration 554:582 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride was carried out applying a stainless steel disc assembly and the terbinafine concentration was determined by HPLC-MS in selective ion monitoring mode. 27592253 2 11 theme Poly 306:309 arg1 composites 347:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites 306:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites 306:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 2 11 theme Poly 306:309 arg1 base 384:387 delivery base 375:387 delivery base 375:387 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 1 12 theme antifungal 288:297 arg1 agent 299:303 the antifungal agent 284:303 the antifungal agent 284:303 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films were formulated with the aim to improve the solubility and dissolution behavior; thus, the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent. 27592253 4 13 theme oral 731:734 arg1 cavity 736:741 the human oral cavity 721:741 the human oral cavity 721:741 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 7 14 theme administration 1176:1189 arg1 mode 1191:1194 expectorate administration mode 1164:1194 expectorate administration mode 1164:1194 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 5 15 theme agent 879:883 arg1 dissolution 853:863 fast and complete dissolution 835:863 fast and complete dissolution of the active agent 835:883 The result indicates that the fibrous films enabled fast and complete dissolution of the active agent. 27592253 6 16 theme model 991:995 arg1 employment 953:962 the employment 949:962 the employment of the proper oral transit model 949:995 The drug absorption from the oral cavity could be minimized by the employment of the proper oral transit model. 27592253 5 17 theme fast 835:838 arg1 dissolution 853:863 fast and complete dissolution 835:863 fast and complete dissolution of the active agent 835:883 The result indicates that the fibrous films enabled fast and complete dissolution of the active agent. 27592253 4 18 theme behavior 677:684 arg1 prediction 648:657 The prediction 644:657 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity 644:741 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 7 19 theme mode 1191:1194 arg1 case 1147:1150 the case 1143:1150 the case of hold and expectorate administration mode 1143:1194 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 3 20 theme disc 536:539 arg1 assembly 541:548 a stainless steel disc assembly 518:548 a stainless steel disc assembly 518:548 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride was carried out applying a stainless steel disc assembly and the terbinafine concentration was determined by HPLC-MS in selective ion monitoring mode. 27592253 6 21 theme transit 983:989 arg1 model 991:995 the proper oral transit model 967:995 the proper oral transit model 967:995 The drug absorption from the oral cavity could be minimized by the employment of the proper oral transit model. 27592253 4 22 from behavior 677:684 arg1 cavity 736:741 the human oral cavity 721:741 the human oral cavity 721:741 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 4 23 theme prepared 693:700 arg1 samples 710:716 the prepared fibrous samples 689:716 the prepared fibrous samples 689:716 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 0 24 theme In 0:1 arg1 investigation 23:35 In vitro and in silico investigation 0:35 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine 0:62 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded buccal nanofibrous sheets. 27592253 1 25 theme agent 299:303 arg1 effectiveness 267:279 the local effectiveness 257:279 the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent 257:303 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films were formulated with the aim to improve the solubility and dissolution behavior; thus, the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent. 27592253 3 26 from HPLC-MS 602:608 arg1 mode 638:641 selective ion monitoring mode 613:641 selective ion monitoring mode 613:641 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride was carried out applying a stainless steel disc assembly and the terbinafine concentration was determined by HPLC-MS in selective ion monitoring mode. 27592253 0 27 theme in 13:14 arg1 investigation 23:35 In vitro and in silico investigation 0:35 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine 0:62 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded buccal nanofibrous sheets. 27592253 6 28 theme oral 978:981 arg1 model 991:995 the proper oral transit model 967:995 the proper oral transit model 967:995 The drug absorption from the oral cavity could be minimized by the employment of the proper oral transit model. 27592253 1 29 dep formulated 175:184 arg1 effectiveness 267:279 the local effectiveness 257:279 the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent 257:303 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films were formulated with the aim to improve the solubility and dissolution behavior; thus, the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent. 27592253 3 30 theme terbinafine 467:477 arg1 hydrochloride 479:491 terbinafine hydrochloride 467:491 terbinafine hydrochloride 467:491 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride was carried out applying a stainless steel disc assembly and the terbinafine concentration was determined by HPLC-MS in selective ion monitoring mode. 27592253 2 31 theme fibrous 433:439 arg1 films 441:445 the fibrous films 429:445 the fibrous films 429:445 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 6 32 theme proper 971:976 arg1 model 991:995 the proper oral transit model 967:995 the proper oral transit model 967:995 The drug absorption from the oral cavity could be minimized by the employment of the proper oral transit model. 27592253 6 33 theme drug 890:893 arg1 absorption 895:904 The drug absorption 886:904 The drug absorption from the oral cavity 886:925 The drug absorption from the oral cavity could be minimized by the employment of the proper oral transit model. 27592253 2 34 theme vinyl 311:315 arg1 Poly 306:309 Poly 306:309 Poly(vinyl alcohol) 306:324 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 2 34 theme vinyl 311:315 arg1 alcohol 317:323 vinyl alcohol 311:323 vinyl alcohol 311:323 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 3 35 theme hydrochloride 479:491 arg1 dissolution 452:462 The dissolution 448:462 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride 448:491 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride was carried out applying a stainless steel disc assembly and the terbinafine concentration was determined by HPLC-MS in selective ion monitoring mode. 27592253 7 36 theme hold 1155:1158 arg1 case 1147:1150 the case 1143:1150 the case of hold and expectorate administration mode 1143:1194 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 4 37 theme human 725:729 arg1 cavity 736:741 the human oral cavity 721:741 the human oral cavity 721:741 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 7 38 theme oral 1070:1073 arg1 mucosa 1075:1080 the oral mucosa 1066:1080 the oral mucosa 1066:1080 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 3 39 theme selective 613:621 arg1 mode 638:641 selective ion monitoring mode 613:641 selective ion monitoring mode 613:641 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride was carried out applying a stainless steel disc assembly and the terbinafine concentration was determined by HPLC-MS in selective ion monitoring mode. 27592253 4 40 from prediction 648:657 arg1 cavity 736:741 the human oral cavity 721:741 the human oral cavity 721:741 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 4 41 theme absorption 666:675 arg1 behavior 677:684 the absorption behavior 662:684 the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity 662:741 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 4 42 theme samples 710:716 arg1 behavior 677:684 the absorption behavior 662:684 the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity 662:741 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 1 43 dep solubility 214:223 arg1 behavior 241:248 behavior 241:248 behavior 241:248 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films were formulated with the aim to improve the solubility and dissolution behavior; thus, the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent. 27592253 7 44 theme absorption 1021:1030 arg1 beneficial 1105:1114 beneficial 1105:1114 beneficial 1105:1114 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 7 44 theme absorption 1021:1030 arg1 formulation 1086:1096 the formulation 1082:1096 the formulation 1082:1096 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 5 45 theme active 872:877 arg1 agent 879:883 the active agent 868:883 the active agent 868:883 The result indicates that the fibrous films enabled fast and complete dissolution of the active agent. 27592253 0 46 theme electrospun 40:50 arg1 terbinafine 52:62 electrospun terbinafine 40:62 electrospun terbinafine 40:62 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded buccal nanofibrous sheets. 27592253 7 47 from administration 1125:1138 arg1 beneficial 1105:1114 beneficial 1105:1114 beneficial 1105:1114 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 7 47 from administration 1125:1138 arg1 case 1147:1150 the case 1143:1150 the case of hold and expectorate administration mode 1143:1194 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 7 47 from administration 1125:1138 arg1 formulation 1086:1096 the formulation 1082:1096 the formulation 1082:1096 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 6 48 from cavity 920:925 arg1 absorption 895:904 The drug absorption 886:904 The drug absorption from the oral cavity 886:925 The drug absorption from the oral cavity could be minimized by the employment of the proper oral transit model. 27592253 1 49 theme nanofibrous 145:155 arg1 films 164:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films 112:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films 112:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films were formulated with the aim to improve the solubility and dissolution behavior; thus, the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent. 27592253 2 50 theme films 441:445 arg1 mucoadhesion 413:424 the mucoadhesion 409:424 the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films 409:445 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 1 51 theme buccal 157:162 arg1 films 164:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films 112:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films 112:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films were formulated with the aim to improve the solubility and dissolution behavior; thus, the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent. 27592253 7 52 theme expectorate 1164:1174 arg1 mode 1191:1194 expectorate administration mode 1164:1194 expectorate administration mode 1164:1194 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 7 53 theme terbinafine 1035:1045 arg1 hydrochloride 1047:1059 terbinafine hydrochloride 1035:1059 terbinafine hydrochloride 1035:1059 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 0 54 dep in 13:14 arg1 silico 16:21 silico 16:21 silico 16:21 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded buccal nanofibrous sheets. 27592253 3 55 theme ion 623:625 arg1 mode 638:641 selective ion monitoring mode 613:641 selective ion monitoring mode 613:641 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride was carried out applying a stainless steel disc assembly and the terbinafine concentration was determined by HPLC-MS in selective ion monitoring mode. 27592253 2 56 theme polymer 339:345 arg1 composites 347:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites 306:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites 306:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 2 56 theme polymer 339:345 arg1 base 384:387 delivery base 375:387 delivery base 375:387 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 1 57 theme Terbinafine 112:122 arg1 films 164:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films 112:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films 112:168 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films were formulated with the aim to improve the solubility and dissolution behavior; thus, the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent. 27592253 7 58 theme hydrochloride 1047:1059 arg1 absorption 1021:1030 the limited absorption 1009:1030 the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa 1009:1080 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 5 59 theme complete 844:851 arg1 dissolution 853:863 fast and complete dissolution 835:863 fast and complete dissolution of the active agent 835:883 The result indicates that the fibrous films enabled fast and complete dissolution of the active agent. 27592253 4 60 theme GastroPlus™ 761:771 arg1 software 773:780 GastroPlus™ software 761:780 GastroPlus™ software 761:780 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 2 61 theme chitosan 330:337 arg1 composites 347:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites 306:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites 306:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 2 61 theme chitosan 330:337 arg1 base 384:387 delivery base 375:387 delivery base 375:387 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 7 62 theme limited 1013:1019 arg1 absorption 1021:1030 the limited absorption 1009:1030 the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa 1009:1080 Because of the limited absorption of terbinafine hydrochloride from the oral mucosa the formulation can be beneficial in local administration in the case of hold and expectorate administration mode. 27592253 3 63 theme monitoring 627:636 arg1 mode 638:641 selective ion monitoring mode 613:641 selective ion monitoring mode 613:641 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride was carried out applying a stainless steel disc assembly and the terbinafine concentration was determined by HPLC-MS in selective ion monitoring mode. 27592253 3 64 theme steel 530:534 arg1 assembly 541:548 a stainless steel disc assembly 518:548 a stainless steel disc assembly 518:548 The dissolution of terbinafine hydrochloride was carried out applying a stainless steel disc assembly and the terbinafine concentration was determined by HPLC-MS in selective ion monitoring mode. 27592253 4 65 from cavity 736:741 arg1 prediction 648:657 The prediction 644:657 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity 644:741 The prediction of the absorption behavior of the prepared fibrous samples in the human oral cavity was modeled using GastroPlus™ software. 27592253 0 66 theme terbinafine 52:62 arg1 investigation 23:35 In vitro and in silico investigation 0:35 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine 0:62 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded buccal nanofibrous sheets. 27592253 0 67 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro and in silico investigation of electrospun terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded buccal nanofibrous sheets. 27592253 2 68 theme delivery 375:382 arg1 composites 347:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites 306:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites 306:356 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 2 68 theme delivery 375:382 arg1 base 384:387 delivery base 375:387 delivery base 375:387 Poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan polymer composites were selected as delivery base in order to enhance the mucoadhesion of the fibrous films. 27592253 1 69 theme local 261:265 arg1 effectiveness 267:279 the local effectiveness 257:279 the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent 257:303 Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded nanofibrous buccal films were formulated with the aim to improve the solubility and dissolution behavior; thus, the local effectiveness of the antifungal agent. 26104473 0 0 from expression 41:50 arg1 cortex 66:71 prefrontal cortex 55:71 prefrontal cortex 55:71 Abnormal N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression in prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. 26104473 0 0 from expression 41:50 arg1 schizophrenia 76:88 schizophrenia 76:88 schizophrenia 76:88 Abnormal N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression in prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. 26104473 1 1 from regions 212:218 arg1 schizophrenia 223:235 schizophrenia 223:235 schizophrenia 223:235 Changes in the extent of the posttranslational modification glycosylation have been previously reported in several brain regions in schizophrenia. 26104473 3 2 theme cerebrospinal 579:591 arg1 fluid 593:597 cerebrospinal fluid 579:597 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 579:603 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 2 theme cerebrospinal 579:591 arg1 CSF 600:602 CSF 600:602 CSF 600:602 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 7 3 from expression 1543:1552 arg1 schizophrenia 1557:1569 schizophrenia 1557:1569 schizophrenia 1557:1569 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 2 4 theme O-linked 452:459 arg1 glycosylation 461:473 both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 434:473 both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 434:473 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 4 5 theme intracellular 958:970 arg1 targeting 972:980 intracellular targeting 958:980 intracellular targeting 958:980 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcTs) are glycosylating enzymes that play a key role in adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to substrates to facilitate their proper trafficking, intracellular targeting, and cellular function. 26104473 1 6 theme several 198:204 arg1 regions 212:218 several brain regions 198:218 several brain regions in schizophrenia 198:235 Changes in the extent of the posttranslational modification glycosylation have been previously reported in several brain regions in schizophrenia. 26104473 8 7 theme intracellular 1761:1773 arg1 targeting 1775:1783 intracellular targeting 1761:1783 intracellular targeting 1761:1783 These data provide further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and suggest a potential mechanism associated with alterations in protein function, trafficking, and intracellular targeting in this illness. 26104473 3 8 from studies 485:491 arg1 schizophrenia 496:508 schizophrenia 496:508 schizophrenia 496:508 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 8 9 gly glycosylation 1613:1625 arg1 schizophrenia 1646:1658 schizophrenia 1646:1658 schizophrenia 1646:1658 These data provide further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and suggest a potential mechanism associated with alterations in protein function, trafficking, and intracellular targeting in this illness. 26104473 1 10 from Changes 91:97 arg1 extent 106:111 the extent 102:111 the extent of the posttranslational modification glycosylation 102:163 Changes in the extent of the posttranslational modification glycosylation have been previously reported in several brain regions in schizophrenia. 26104473 5 11 gly glycosylation 1049:1061 arg1 schizophrenia 1066:1078 schizophrenia 1066:1078 schizophrenia 1066:1078 Given previous results indicating abnormal glycosylation in schizophrenia, we hypothesized that these GlcNAcTs may be abnormally expressed in this illness. 26104473 4 12 theme key 856:858 arg1 role 860:863 a key role 854:863 a key role 854:863 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcTs) are glycosylating enzymes that play a key role in adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to substrates to facilitate their proper trafficking, intracellular targeting, and cellular function. 26104473 2 13 theme intracellular 320:332 arg1 processes 411:419 processes 411:419 processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 411:473 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 13 theme intracellular 320:332 arg1 interactions 377:388 protein-protein interactions 361:388 protein-protein interactions 361:388 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 13 theme intracellular 320:332 arg1 trafficking 334:344 intracellular trafficking 320:344 intracellular trafficking 320:344 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 13 theme intracellular 320:332 arg1 control 246:252 Quality control 238:252 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi 238:295 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 13 theme intracellular 320:332 arg1 endocytosis 395:405 endocytosis 395:405 endocytosis 395:405 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 13 theme intracellular 320:332 arg1 branching 298:306 branching 298:306 branching of glycans 298:317 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 8 14 theme protein 1726:1732 arg1 function 1734:1741 protein function 1726:1741 protein function 1726:1741 These data provide further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and suggest a potential mechanism associated with alterations in protein function, trafficking, and intracellular targeting in this illness. 26104473 5 15 theme abnormal 1040:1047 arg1 glycosylation 1049:1061 abnormal glycosylation 1040:1061 abnormal glycosylation 1040:1061 Given previous results indicating abnormal glycosylation in schizophrenia, we hypothesized that these GlcNAcTs may be abnormally expressed in this illness. 26104473 7 16 dep UDP-GlcNAc 1431:1440 arg1 GlcNAcT 1459:1465 BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 1442:1467 UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) 1431:1476 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 5 17 theme previous 1012:1019 arg1 results 1021:1027 previous results 1012:1027 previous results indicating abnormal glycosylation in schizophrenia 1012:1078 Given previous results indicating abnormal glycosylation in schizophrenia, we hypothesized that these GlcNAcTs may be abnormally expressed in this illness. 26104473 4 18 theme proper 938:943 arg1 trafficking 945:955 their proper trafficking 932:955 their proper trafficking 932:955 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcTs) are glycosylating enzymes that play a key role in adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to substrates to facilitate their proper trafficking, intracellular targeting, and cellular function. 26104473 6 19 theme distinct 1201:1208 arg1 GlcNAcTs 1210:1217 nine distinct GlcNAcTs 1196:1217 nine distinct GlcNAcTs 1196:1217 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 20 with patients 1337:1344 arg1 schizophrenia 1351:1363 schizophrenia 1351:1363 schizophrenia 1351:1363 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 7 21 theme Beta-1,3 1450:1457 arg1 GlcNAcT 1459:1465 BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 1442:1467 UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) 1431:1476 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 1 22 theme brain 206:210 arg1 regions 212:218 several brain regions 198:218 several brain regions in schizophrenia 198:235 Changes in the extent of the posttranslational modification glycosylation have been previously reported in several brain regions in schizophrenia. 26104473 7 23 gly -glycoprotein 1503:1515 arg1 -glycoprotein 1503:1515 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression 1482:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia 1482:1569 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 8 24 from alterations 1711:1721 arg1 targeting 1775:1783 intracellular targeting 1761:1783 intracellular targeting 1761:1783 These data provide further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and suggest a potential mechanism associated with alterations in protein function, trafficking, and intracellular targeting in this illness. 26104473 8 24 from alterations 1711:1721 arg1 illness 1793:1799 this illness 1788:1799 this illness 1788:1799 These data provide further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and suggest a potential mechanism associated with alterations in protein function, trafficking, and intracellular targeting in this illness. 26104473 8 24 from alterations 1711:1721 arg1 trafficking 1744:1754 trafficking 1744:1754 trafficking 1744:1754 These data provide further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and suggest a potential mechanism associated with alterations in protein function, trafficking, and intracellular targeting in this illness. 26104473 8 24 from alterations 1711:1721 arg1 function 1734:1741 protein function 1726:1741 protein function 1726:1741 These data provide further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and suggest a potential mechanism associated with alterations in protein function, trafficking, and intracellular targeting in this illness. 26104473 2 25 theme glycans 311:317 arg1 targeting 350:358 targeting 350:358 targeting 350:358 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 25 theme glycans 311:317 arg1 processes 411:419 processes 411:419 processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 411:473 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 25 theme glycans 311:317 arg1 interactions 377:388 protein-protein interactions 361:388 protein-protein interactions 361:388 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 25 theme glycans 311:317 arg1 trafficking 334:344 intracellular trafficking 320:344 intracellular trafficking 320:344 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 25 theme glycans 311:317 arg1 control 246:252 Quality control 238:252 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi 238:295 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 25 theme glycans 311:317 arg1 endocytosis 395:405 endocytosis 395:405 endocytosis 395:405 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 25 theme glycans 311:317 arg1 branching 298:306 branching 298:306 branching of glycans 298:317 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 6 26 theme GlcNAcTs 1210:1217 arg1 expression 1182:1191 protein expression 1174:1191 protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs 1174:1217 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 8 27 theme potential 1675:1683 arg1 mechanism 1685:1693 a potential mechanism 1673:1693 a potential mechanism associated with alterations in protein function, trafficking, and intracellular targeting in this illness 1673:1799 These data provide further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and suggest a potential mechanism associated with alterations in protein function, trafficking, and intracellular targeting in this illness. 26104473 0 28 theme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 9:39 arg1 expression 41:50 Abnormal N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression 0:50 Abnormal N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression in prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. 0:89 Abnormal N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression in prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. 26104473 6 29 theme cortex 1293:1298 arg1 samples 1258:1264 postmortem samples 1247:1264 postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects 1247:1387 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 30 theme subjects 1380:1387 arg1 pairs 1320:1324 twelve pairs 1313:1324 twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects 1313:1387 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 2 31 theme protein-protein 361:375 arg1 processes 411:419 processes 411:419 processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 411:473 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 31 theme protein-protein 361:375 arg1 interactions 377:388 protein-protein interactions 361:388 protein-protein interactions 361:388 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 31 theme protein-protein 361:375 arg1 trafficking 334:344 intracellular trafficking 320:344 intracellular trafficking 320:344 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 31 theme protein-protein 361:375 arg1 control 246:252 Quality control 238:252 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi 238:295 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 31 theme protein-protein 361:375 arg1 endocytosis 395:405 endocytosis 395:405 endocytosis 395:405 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 31 theme protein-protein 361:375 arg1 branching 298:306 branching 298:306 branching of glycans 298:317 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 7 32 theme decreased 1399:1407 arg1 expression 1417:1426 decreased protein expression 1399:1426 decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) 1399:1476 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 2 33 theme N-linked 439:446 arg1 glycosylation 461:473 both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 434:473 both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 434:473 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 0 34 theme Abnormal 0:7 arg1 expression 41:50 Abnormal N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression 0:50 Abnormal N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression in prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. 0:89 Abnormal N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression in prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. 26104473 6 35 theme comparison 1369:1378 arg1 subjects 1380:1387 comparison subjects 1369:1387 comparison subjects 1369:1387 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 3 36 from levels 569:574 arg1 plasma 609:614 plasma 609:614 plasma 609:614 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 36 from levels 569:574 arg1 fluid 593:597 cerebrospinal fluid 579:597 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 579:603 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 36 from levels 569:574 arg1 cortex 658:663 frontal cortex 650:663 frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation 650:767 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 36 from levels 569:574 arg1 CSF 600:602 CSF 600:602 CSF 600:602 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 37 theme altered 628:634 arg1 expression 636:645 altered expression 628:645 altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation 628:767 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 38 from expression 636:645 arg1 plasma 609:614 plasma 609:614 plasma 609:614 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 38 from expression 636:645 arg1 fluid 593:597 cerebrospinal fluid 579:597 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 579:603 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 38 from expression 636:645 arg1 cortex 658:663 frontal cortex 650:663 frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation 650:767 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 38 from expression 636:645 arg1 CSF 600:602 CSF 600:602 CSF 600:602 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 7 39 theme MGAT4A 1535:1540 arg1 expression 1543:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression 1482:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia 1482:1569 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 7 40 theme alpha-1,3- 1492:1501 arg1 expression 1543:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression 1482:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia 1482:1569 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 6 41 theme dorsolateral 1269:1280 arg1 DLPFC 1301:1305 DLPFC 1301:1305 DLPFC 1301:1305 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 41 theme dorsolateral 1269:1280 arg1 cortex 1293:1298 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 1269:1298 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects 1269:1387 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 42 theme protein 1174:1180 arg1 expression 1182:1191 protein expression 1174:1191 protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs 1174:1217 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 43 theme prefrontal 1282:1291 arg1 DLPFC 1301:1305 DLPFC 1301:1305 DLPFC 1301:1305 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 43 theme prefrontal 1282:1291 arg1 cortex 1293:1298 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 1269:1298 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects 1269:1387 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 44 from samples 1258:1264 arg1 pairs 1320:1324 twelve pairs 1313:1324 twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects 1313:1387 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 2 45 link N-linked 439:446 arg1 glycosylation 461:473 both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 434:473 both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 434:473 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 1 46 theme posttranslational 120:136 arg1 glycosylation 151:163 the posttranslational modification glycosylation 116:163 the posttranslational modification glycosylation 116:163 Changes in the extent of the posttranslational modification glycosylation have been previously reported in several brain regions in schizophrenia. 26104473 7 47 theme BetaGal 1442:1448 arg1 GlcNAcT 1459:1465 BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 1442:1467 UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) 1431:1476 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 3 48 theme Previous 476:483 arg1 studies 485:491 Previous studies 476:491 Previous studies in schizophrenia 476:508 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 6 49 theme postmortem 1247:1256 arg1 samples 1258:1264 postmortem samples 1247:1264 postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects 1247:1387 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 3 50 theme frontal 650:656 arg1 cortex 658:663 frontal cortex 650:663 frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation 650:767 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 51 theme altered 521:527 arg1 biosynthesis 536:547 altered glycan biosynthesis 521:547 altered glycan biosynthesis 521:547 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 0 52 theme prefrontal 55:64 arg1 cortex 66:71 prefrontal cortex 55:71 prefrontal cortex 55:71 Abnormal N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression in prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. 26104473 4 53 gly glycosylating 822:834 arg0 enzymes 836:842 glycosylating enzymes 822:842 glycosylating enzymes that play a key role in adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to substrates to facilitate their proper trafficking, intracellular targeting, and cellular function 822:1003 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcTs) are glycosylating enzymes that play a key role in adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to substrates to facilitate their proper trafficking, intracellular targeting, and cellular function. 26104473 4 53 gly glycosylating 822:834 arg0 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 774:805 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 770:805 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcTs) 770:816 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcTs) are glycosylating enzymes that play a key role in adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to substrates to facilitate their proper trafficking, intracellular targeting, and cellular function. 26104473 2 54 link O-linked 452:459 arg1 glycosylation 461:473 both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 434:473 both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 434:473 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 7 55 theme -glycoprotein 1503:1515 arg1 expression 1543:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression 1482:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia 1482:1569 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 3 56 theme glycan 529:534 arg1 biosynthesis 536:547 altered glycan biosynthesis 521:547 altered glycan biosynthesis 521:547 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 7 57 theme protein 1409:1415 arg1 expression 1417:1426 decreased protein expression 1399:1426 decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) 1399:1476 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 2 58 theme endoplasmic 265:275 arg1 reticulum 277:285 the endoplasmic reticulum 261:285 the endoplasmic reticulum 261:285 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 1 59 theme modification 138:149 arg1 glycosylation 151:163 the posttranslational modification glycosylation 116:163 the posttranslational modification glycosylation 116:163 Changes in the extent of the posttranslational modification glycosylation have been previously reported in several brain regions in schizophrenia. 26104473 4 60 theme cellular 987:994 arg1 function 996:1003 cellular function 987:1003 cellular function 987:1003 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcTs) are glycosylating enzymes that play a key role in adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to substrates to facilitate their proper trafficking, intracellular targeting, and cellular function. 26104473 3 61 theme O-linked 746:753 arg1 glycosylation 755:767 O-linked glycosylation 746:767 O-linked glycosylation 746:767 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 6 62 theme patients 1337:1344 arg1 pairs 1320:1324 twelve pairs 1313:1324 twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects 1313:1387 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 3 63 from biosynthesis 536:547 arg1 plasma 609:614 plasma 609:614 plasma 609:614 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 63 from biosynthesis 536:547 arg1 fluid 593:597 cerebrospinal fluid 579:597 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 579:603 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 63 from biosynthesis 536:547 arg1 cortex 658:663 frontal cortex 650:663 frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation 650:767 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 63 from biosynthesis 536:547 arg1 CSF 600:602 CSF 600:602 CSF 600:602 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 1 64 theme glycosylation 151:163 arg1 extent 106:111 the extent 102:111 the extent of the posttranslational modification glycosylation 102:163 Changes in the extent of the posttranslational modification glycosylation have been previously reported in several brain regions in schizophrenia. 26104473 7 65 from expression 1417:1426 arg1 schizophrenia 1557:1569 schizophrenia 1557:1569 schizophrenia 1557:1569 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 8 66 theme further 1591:1597 arg1 evidence 1599:1606 further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia 1591:1658 further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia 1591:1658 These data provide further evidence that glycosylation is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and suggest a potential mechanism associated with alterations in protein function, trafficking, and intracellular targeting in this illness. 26104473 6 67 theme elderly 1329:1335 arg1 patients 1337:1344 elderly patients 1329:1344 elderly patients with schizophrenia 1329:1363 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 3 68 theme transcripts 688:698 arg1 cortex 658:663 frontal cortex 650:663 frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation 650:767 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 69 theme abnormal 553:560 arg1 levels 569:574 abnormal glycan levels 553:574 abnormal glycan levels 553:574 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 7 70 theme beta-1,4 1517:1524 arg1 expression 1543:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression 1482:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia 1482:1569 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 7 71 theme GlcNAcT 1526:1532 arg1 expression 1543:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression 1482:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia 1482:1569 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 2 72 theme Quality 238:244 arg1 processes 411:419 processes 411:419 processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation 411:473 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 72 theme Quality 238:244 arg1 interactions 377:388 protein-protein interactions 361:388 protein-protein interactions 361:388 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 72 theme Quality 238:244 arg1 trafficking 334:344 intracellular trafficking 320:344 intracellular trafficking 320:344 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 72 theme Quality 238:244 arg1 control 246:252 Quality control 238:252 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi 238:295 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 72 theme Quality 238:244 arg1 endocytosis 395:405 endocytosis 395:405 endocytosis 395:405 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 2 72 theme Quality 238:244 arg1 branching 298:306 branching 298:306 branching of glycans 298:317 Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, branching of glycans, intracellular trafficking and targeting, protein-protein interactions, and endocytosis are processes regulated by both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 7 73 theme mannosyl 1482:1489 arg1 expression 1543:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression 1482:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia 1482:1569 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 3 74 theme glycan 562:567 arg1 levels 569:574 abnormal glycan levels 553:574 abnormal glycan levels 553:574 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 3 75 link O-linked 746:753 arg1 glycosylation 755:767 O-linked glycosylation 746:767 O-linked glycosylation 746:767 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 4 76 theme glycosylating 822:834 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 774:805 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 770:805 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcTs) 770:816 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcTs) are glycosylating enzymes that play a key role in adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to substrates to facilitate their proper trafficking, intracellular targeting, and cellular function. 26104473 4 76 theme glycosylating 822:834 arg1 enzymes 836:842 glycosylating enzymes 822:842 glycosylating enzymes that play a key role in adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to substrates to facilitate their proper trafficking, intracellular targeting, and cellular function 822:1003 The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcTs) are glycosylating enzymes that play a key role in adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to substrates to facilitate their proper trafficking, intracellular targeting, and cellular function. 26104473 7 77 theme UDP-GlcNAc 1431:1440 arg1 expression 1543:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression 1482:1552 mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia 1482:1569 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 7 77 theme UDP-GlcNAc 1431:1440 arg1 expression 1417:1426 decreased protein expression 1399:1426 decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) 1399:1476 We found decreased protein expression of UDP-GlcNAc:BetaGal Beta-1,3 GlcNAcT 8 (B3GNT8) and mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4 GlcNAcT (MGAT4A) expression in schizophrenia. 26104473 6 78 with subjects 1380:1387 arg1 schizophrenia 1351:1363 schizophrenia 1351:1363 schizophrenia 1351:1363 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 79 theme blot 1230:1233 arg1 analysis 1235:1242 Western blot analysis 1222:1242 Western blot analysis 1222:1242 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 3 80 theme glycosyltransferase 668:686 arg1 transcripts 688:698 glycosyltransferase transcripts 668:698 glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation 668:767 Previous studies in schizophrenia have found altered glycan biosynthesis and abnormal glycan levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as altered expression in frontal cortex of glycosyltransferase transcripts encoding proteins associated with both N- and O-linked glycosylation. 26104473 6 81 theme Western 1222:1228 arg1 analysis 1235:1242 Western blot analysis 1222:1242 Western blot analysis 1222:1242 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 82 from pairs 1320:1324 arg1 DLPFC 1301:1305 DLPFC 1301:1305 DLPFC 1301:1305 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 82 from pairs 1320:1324 arg1 cortex 1293:1298 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 1269:1298 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects 1269:1387 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 26104473 6 82 from pairs 1320:1324 arg1 samples 1258:1264 postmortem samples 1247:1264 postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects 1247:1387 We measured protein expression of nine distinct GlcNAcTs by Western blot analysis in postmortem samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from twelve pairs of elderly patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. 28100312 3 0 theme root 295:298 arg1 nodules 300:306 the root nodules 291:306 the root nodules of Coriaria japonica 291:327 The strain was isolated from the root nodules of Coriaria japonica, and it fulfilled Koch's postulates by inducing effective nodules on Coriaria spp. 28100312 7 1 theme described 1025:1033 arg1 strain 1041:1046 the described novel strain 1021:1046 the described novel strain 1021:1046 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 9 2 theme named 1344:1348 arg1 sp 1368:1369 the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp 1325:1369 sp 1368:1369 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 9 3 dep results 1222:1228 arg1 the 1203:1205 the 1203:1205 the 1203:1205 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 9 3 dep results 1222:1228 arg1 basis 1207:1211 basis 1207:1211 basis 1207:1211 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 9 4 theme 9032T=DSM 1253:1261 arg1 100624T 1263:1269 =CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T 1247:1269 =CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T 1247:1269 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 9 4 theme 9032T=DSM 1253:1261 arg1 BMG5.1T 1238:1244 strain BMG5.1T 1231:1244 strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) 1231:1270 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 2 5 theme taxonomic 106:114 arg1 description 116:126 The taxonomic description 102:126 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia 102:224 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia was based on a polyphasic approach. 28100312 7 6 theme novel 1035:1039 arg1 strain 1041:1046 the described novel strain 1021:1046 the described novel strain 1021:1046 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 9 7 theme type 1291:1294 arg1 BMG5.1T 1238:1244 strain BMG5.1T 1231:1244 strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) 1231:1270 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 9 7 theme type 1291:1294 arg1 strain 1296:1301 the type strain 1287:1301 the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp 1287:1369 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 7 8 theme % 1135:1135 arg1 range 1118:1122 a range 1116:1122 a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively 1116:1163 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 9 9 theme species 1314:1320 arg1 BMG5.1T 1238:1244 strain BMG5.1T 1231:1244 strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) 1231:1270 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 9 9 theme species 1314:1320 arg1 strain 1296:1301 the type strain 1287:1301 the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp 1287:1369 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 7 10 theme gene 941:944 arg1 similarities 955:966 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 928:966 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 928:966 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 6 11 theme cellular 760:767 arg1 sugars 769:774 cellular sugars 760:774 cellular sugars 760:774 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 9 12 theme coriariae 1358:1366 arg1 sp 1368:1369 the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp 1325:1369 sp 1368:1369 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 6 13 theme predominant 895:905 arg1 isoprenolog 907:917 predominant isoprenolog 895:917 predominant isoprenolog (>30 %) 895:925 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 13 theme predominant 895:905 arg1 % 924:924 >30 % 920:924 >30 % 920:924 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 13 theme predominant 895:905 arg1 It 557:558 It 557:558 It 557:558 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 9 14 theme genus 1329:1333 arg1 sp 1368:1369 the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp 1325:1369 sp 1368:1369 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 9 15 theme sp 1368:1369 arg1 species 1314:1320 a novel species 1306:1320 a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp 1306:1369 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 6 16 theme meso-diaminopimelic 777:795 arg1 acid 797:800 meso-diaminopimelic acid 777:800 meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:827 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 1 17 theme effective 45:53 arg1 microsymbiont 55:67 an infective and effective microsymbiont 28:67 an infective and effective microsymbiont 28:67 nov., an infective and effective microsymbiont isolated from Coriaria japonica. 28100312 1 17 theme effective 45:53 arg1 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov., an infective and effective microsymbiont isolated from Coriaria japonica. 28100312 5 18 theme chemotaxonomic 453:466 arg1 features 468:475 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 438:475 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 438:475 Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain BMG5.1T is distinguishable from all other species of the genus Frankia. 28100312 6 19 theme polar 693:697 arg1 lipids 699:704 its polar lipids 689:704 its polar lipids 689:704 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 20 theme glycophospholipids 667:684 arg1 presence 584:591 the presence 580:591 the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars 580:774 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 20 theme glycophospholipids 667:684 arg1 % 889:889 44.7 % 884:889 44.7 % 884:889 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 20 theme glycophospholipids 667:684 arg1 MK-9 874:877 MK-9 874:877 MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) 874:890 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 20 theme glycophospholipids 667:684 arg1 acid 797:800 meso-diaminopimelic acid 777:800 meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:827 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 20 theme glycophospholipids 667:684 arg1 H6 879:880 H6 879:880 H6 879:880 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 20 theme glycophospholipids 667:684 arg1  1ω9c 835:839  1ω9c 835:839  1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %) 835:867 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 2 21 theme actinobacterium 149:163 arg1 description 116:126 The taxonomic description 102:126 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia 102:224 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia was based on a polyphasic approach. 28100312 7 22 theme hybridization 992:1004 arg1 values 1006:1011 the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values 972:1011 the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values 972:1011 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 7 23 theme genus 1088:1092 arg1 Frankia 1094:1100 the genus Frankia 1084:1100 the genus Frankia 1084:1100 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 2 24 theme nitrogen-fixing 133:147 arg1 actinobacterium 149:163 a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium 131:163 a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium 131:163 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia was based on a polyphasic approach. 28100312 2 24 theme nitrogen-fixing 133:147 arg1 BMG5.1T 173:179 strain BMG5.1T 166:179 strain BMG5.1T 166:179 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia was based on a polyphasic approach. 28100312 0 25 theme coriariae 8:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Frankia coriariae sp 0:19 Frankia coriariae sp. 0:20 Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 6 26 theme fatty 850:854 arg1 acid 856:859 major fatty acid 844:859 major fatty acid (>30 %) 844:867 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 26 theme fatty 850:854 arg1 % 866:866 >30 % 862:866 >30 % 862:866 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 7 27 theme digital 976:982 arg1 hybridization 992:1004 the digital DNA-DNA hybridization 972:1004 the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values 972:1011 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 5 28 theme genus 542:546 arg1 Frankia 548:554 the genus Frankia 538:554 the genus Frankia 538:554 Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain BMG5.1T is distinguishable from all other species of the genus Frankia. 28100312 5 29 theme strain 478:483 arg1 BMG5.1T 485:491 strain BMG5.1T 478:491 strain BMG5.1T 478:491 Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain BMG5.1T is distinguishable from all other species of the genus Frankia. 28100312 0 30 theme Frankia 0:6 arg1 sp 18:19 Frankia coriariae sp 0:19 Frankia coriariae sp. 0:20 Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 7 31 theme DNA-DNA 984:990 arg1 hybridization 992:1004 the digital DNA-DNA hybridization 972:1004 the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values 972:1011 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 5 32 theme Frankia 548:554 arg1 species 527:533 all other species 517:533 all other species of the genus Frankia 517:554 Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain BMG5.1T is distinguishable from all other species of the genus Frankia. 28100312 1 33 theme Coriaria 83:90 arg1 japonica 92:99 Coriaria japonica 83:99 Coriaria japonica 83:99 nov., an infective and effective microsymbiont isolated from Coriaria japonica. 28100312 3 34 theme Coriaria 398:405 arg1 spp 407:409 Coriaria spp 398:409 Coriaria spp 398:409 The strain was isolated from the root nodules of Coriaria japonica, and it fulfilled Koch's postulates by inducing effective nodules on Coriaria spp. 28100312 6 35 theme ribose 750:755 arg1 lipids 699:704 its polar lipids 689:704 its polar lipids 689:704 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 35 theme ribose 750:755 arg1 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 35 theme ribose 750:755 arg1 trace 741:745 a trace 739:745 a trace of ribose 739:755 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 35 theme ribose 750:755 arg1 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 35 theme ribose 750:755 arg1 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 5 36 from species 527:533 arg1 distinguishable 496:510 distinguishable 496:510 distinguishable 496:510 Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain BMG5.1T is distinguishable from all other species of the genus Frankia. 28100312 7 37 theme other 1067:1071 arg1 species 1073:1079 the other species 1063:1079 the other species of the genus Frankia 1063:1100 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 3 38 attach isolated 277:284 arg2 strain 266:271 The strain 262:271 The strain 262:271 The strain was isolated from the root nodules of Coriaria japonica, and it fulfilled Koch's postulates by inducing effective nodules on Coriaria spp. 28100312 3 38 attach isolated 277:284 arg1 nodules 300:306 the root nodules 291:306 the root nodules of Coriaria japonica 291:327 The strain was isolated from the root nodules of Coriaria japonica, and it fulfilled Koch's postulates by inducing effective nodules on Coriaria spp. 28100312 6 39 theme major 844:848 arg1 acid 856:859 major fatty acid 844:859 major fatty acid (>30 %) 844:867 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 39 theme major 844:848 arg1 % 866:866 >30 % 862:866 >30 % 862:866 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 8 40 theme mol 1194:1196 arg1 content 1178:1184 The DNA G+C content 1166:1184 The DNA G+C content 1166:1184 The DNA G+C content is 70.2 mol%. 28100312 8 40 theme mol 1194:1196 arg1 % 1197:1197 70.2 mol% 1189:1197 70.2 mol% 1189:1197 The DNA G+C content is 70.2 mol%. 28100312 5 41 theme phenotypic 438:447 arg1 features 468:475 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 438:475 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 438:475 Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain BMG5.1T is distinguishable from all other species of the genus Frankia. 28100312 3 42 theme effective 377:385 arg1 nodules 387:393 effective nodules 377:393 effective nodules 377:393 The strain was isolated from the root nodules of Coriaria japonica, and it fulfilled Koch's postulates by inducing effective nodules on Coriaria spp. 28100312 7 43 theme sequence 946:953 arg1 similarities 955:966 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 928:966 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 928:966 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 6 44 from acid 797:800 arg1 lipids 699:704 its polar lipids 689:704 its polar lipids 689:704 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 44 from acid 797:800 arg1 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 44 from acid 797:800 arg1 trace 741:745 a trace 739:745 a trace of ribose 739:755 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 44 from acid 797:800 arg1 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 44 from acid 797:800 arg1 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 3 45 dep Coriaria 311:318 arg1 japonica 320:327 Coriaria japonica 311:327 Coriaria japonica 311:327 The strain was isolated from the root nodules of Coriaria japonica, and it fulfilled Koch's postulates by inducing effective nodules on Coriaria spp. 28100312 9 46 theme novel 1308:1312 arg1 species 1314:1320 a novel species 1306:1320 a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp 1306:1369 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 7 47 theme Frankia 1094:1100 arg1 species 1073:1079 the other species 1063:1079 the other species of the genus Frankia 1063:1100 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 7 48 theme rRNA 936:939 arg1 similarities 955:966 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 928:966 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 928:966 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 2 49 theme strain 166:171 arg1 actinobacterium 149:163 a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium 131:163 a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium 131:163 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia was based on a polyphasic approach. 28100312 2 49 theme strain 166:171 arg1 BMG5.1T 173:179 strain BMG5.1T 166:179 strain BMG5.1T 166:179 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia was based on a polyphasic approach. 28100312 2 50 theme genus 212:216 arg1 Frankia 218:224 the genus Frankia 208:224 the genus Frankia 208:224 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia was based on a polyphasic approach. 28100312 5 51 theme other 521:525 arg1 species 527:533 all other species 517:533 all other species of the genus Frankia 517:554 Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain BMG5.1T is distinguishable from all other species of the genus Frankia. 28100312 8 52 theme DNA 1170:1172 arg1 content 1178:1184 The DNA G+C content 1166:1184 The DNA G+C content 1166:1184 The DNA G+C content is 70.2 mol%. 28100312 8 52 theme DNA 1170:1172 arg1 % 1197:1197 70.2 mol% 1189:1197 70.2 mol% 1189:1197 The DNA G+C content is 70.2 mol%. 28100312 6 53 attach presence 584:591 arg1 lipids 699:704 its polar lipids 689:704 its polar lipids 689:704 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 53 attach presence 584:591 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 618:639 diphosphatidylglycerol 618:639 diphosphatidylglycerol 618:639 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 53 attach presence 584:591 arg1 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 53 attach presence 584:591 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 642:661 phosphatidylglycerol 642:661 phosphatidylglycerol 642:661 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 53 attach presence 584:591 arg1 trace 741:745 a trace 739:745 a trace of ribose 739:755 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 53 attach presence 584:591 arg1 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 53 attach presence 584:591 arg1 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 53 attach presence 584:591 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 596:615 phosphatidylinositol 596:615 phosphatidylinositol 596:615 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 53 attach presence 584:591 arg2 glycophospholipids 667:684 glycophospholipids 667:684 glycophospholipids 667:684 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 9 54 theme Frankia 1350:1356 arg1 sp 1368:1369 the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp 1325:1369 sp 1368:1369 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 6 55 from MK-9 874:877 arg1 lipids 699:704 its polar lipids 689:704 its polar lipids 689:704 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 55 from MK-9 874:877 arg1 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 55 from MK-9 874:877 arg1 trace 741:745 a trace 739:745 a trace of ribose 739:755 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 55 from MK-9 874:877 arg1 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 55 from MK-9 874:877 arg1 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 56 theme phosphatidylglycerol 642:661 arg1 presence 584:591 the presence 580:591 the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars 580:774 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 56 theme phosphatidylglycerol 642:661 arg1 % 889:889 44.7 % 884:889 44.7 % 884:889 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 56 theme phosphatidylglycerol 642:661 arg1 MK-9 874:877 MK-9 874:877 MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) 874:890 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 56 theme phosphatidylglycerol 642:661 arg1 acid 797:800 meso-diaminopimelic acid 777:800 meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:827 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 56 theme phosphatidylglycerol 642:661 arg1 H6 879:880 H6 879:880 H6 879:880 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 56 theme phosphatidylglycerol 642:661 arg1  1ω9c 835:839  1ω9c 835:839  1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %) 835:867 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 57 from presence 584:591 arg1 lipids 699:704 its polar lipids 689:704 its polar lipids 689:704 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 57 from presence 584:591 arg1 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 57 from presence 584:591 arg1 trace 741:745 a trace 739:745 a trace of ribose 739:755 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 57 from presence 584:591 arg1 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 57 from presence 584:591 arg1 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 2 58 theme polyphasic 241:250 arg1 approach 252:259 a polyphasic approach 239:259 a polyphasic approach 239:259 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia was based on a polyphasic approach. 28100312 7 59 theme % 1149:1149 arg1 range 1118:1122 a range 1116:1122 a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively 1116:1163 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 9 60 theme strain 1231:1236 arg1 100624T 1263:1269 =CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T 1247:1269 =CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T 1247:1269 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 9 60 theme strain 1231:1236 arg1 BMG5.1T 1238:1244 strain BMG5.1T 1231:1244 strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) 1231:1270 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 9 60 theme strain 1231:1236 arg1 strain 1296:1301 the type strain 1287:1301 the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp 1287:1369 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 7 61 theme 16S 932:934 arg1 rRNA 936:939 The 16S rRNA 928:939 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 928:966 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 2 62 theme novel 187:191 arg1 species 193:199 a novel species 185:199 a novel species within the genus Frankia 185:224 The taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia was based on a polyphasic approach. 28100312 7 63 theme species 1073:1079 arg1 strains 1052:1058 strains 1052:1058 strains of the other species of the genus Frankia 1052:1100 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 7 63 theme species 1073:1079 arg1 strain 1041:1046 the described novel strain 1021:1046 the described novel strain 1021:1046 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97-98.4 % and 22.1-24 %, respectively. 28100312 8 64 theme G+C 1174:1176 arg1 content 1178:1184 The DNA G+C content 1166:1184 The DNA G+C content 1166:1184 The DNA G+C content is 70.2 mol%. 28100312 8 64 theme G+C 1174:1176 arg1 % 1197:1197 70.2 mol% 1189:1197 70.2 mol% 1189:1197 The DNA G+C content is 70.2 mol%. 28100312 6 65 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 618:639 arg1 presence 584:591 the presence 580:591 the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars 580:774 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 65 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 618:639 arg1 % 889:889 44.7 % 884:889 44.7 % 884:889 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 65 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 618:639 arg1 MK-9 874:877 MK-9 874:877 MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) 874:890 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 65 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 618:639 arg1 acid 797:800 meso-diaminopimelic acid 777:800 meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:827 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 65 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 618:639 arg1 H6 879:880 H6 879:880 H6 879:880 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 65 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 618:639 arg1  1ω9c 835:839  1ω9c 835:839  1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %) 835:867 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 66 theme cell-wall 805:813 arg1 peptidoglycan 815:827 cell-wall peptidoglycan 805:827 cell-wall peptidoglycan 805:827 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 9 67 theme Frankia 1335:1341 arg1 sp 1368:1369 the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp 1325:1369 sp 1368:1369 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 3 68 theme Coriaria 311:318 arg1 nodules 300:306 the root nodules 291:306 the root nodules of Coriaria japonica 291:327 The strain was isolated from the root nodules of Coriaria japonica, and it fulfilled Koch's postulates by inducing effective nodules on Coriaria spp. 28100312 1 69 theme infective 31:39 arg1 microsymbiont 55:67 an infective and effective microsymbiont 28:67 an infective and effective microsymbiont 28:67 nov., an infective and effective microsymbiont isolated from Coriaria japonica. 28100312 1 69 theme infective 31:39 arg1 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov., an infective and effective microsymbiont isolated from Coriaria japonica. 28100312 6 70 from  1ω9c 835:839 arg1 lipids 699:704 its polar lipids 689:704 its polar lipids 689:704 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 70 from  1ω9c 835:839 arg1 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 mannose 727:733 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 70 from  1ω9c 835:839 arg1 trace 741:745 a trace 739:745 a trace of ribose 739:755 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 70 from  1ω9c 835:839 arg1 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 glucose 718:724 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 70 from  1ω9c 835:839 arg1 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 galactose 707:715 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 71 theme phosphatidylinositol 596:615 arg1 presence 584:591 the presence 580:591 the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars 580:774 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 71 theme phosphatidylinositol 596:615 arg1 % 889:889 44.7 % 884:889 44.7 % 884:889 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 71 theme phosphatidylinositol 596:615 arg1 MK-9 874:877 MK-9 874:877 MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) 874:890 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 71 theme phosphatidylinositol 596:615 arg1 acid 797:800 meso-diaminopimelic acid 777:800 meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:827 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 71 theme phosphatidylinositol 596:615 arg1 H6 879:880 H6 879:880 H6 879:880 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 6 71 theme phosphatidylinositol 596:615 arg1  1ω9c 835:839  1ω9c 835:839  1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %) 835:867 It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). 28100312 9 72 theme =CECT 1247:1251 arg1 100624T 1263:1269 =CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T 1247:1269 =CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T 1247:1269 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 28100312 9 72 theme =CECT 1247:1251 arg1 BMG5.1T 1238:1244 strain BMG5.1T 1231:1244 strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) 1231:1270 On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia, named Frankia coriariae sp. 26460819 2 0 theme stainless 528:536 arg1 steel 538:542 316L stainless steel 523:542 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension 523:566 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 6 1 theme cell 1468:1471 arg1 attachment 1473:1482 cell attachment 1468:1482 cell attachment 1468:1482 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 3 2 dep zeta-potential 685:698 arg1 measurements 733:744 measurements 733:744 measurements 733:744 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 3 3 theme layer 951:955 arg1 formation 914:922 the formation 910:922 the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer 910:955 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 2 4 theme 316L 523:526 arg1 steel 538:542 316L stainless steel 523:542 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension 523:566 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 3 5 theme in 747:748 arg1 characterization 756:771 in vitro characterization 747:771 in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid 747:828 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 0 6 theme Performance 194:204 arg1 Enhancement 166:176 Enhancement 166:176 Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance 166:204 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 0 6 theme Performance 194:204 arg1 Control 117:123 In Situ Control 109:123 In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass 109:160 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 2 7 theme bioactive 402:410 arg1 glass 412:416 45S5 bioactive glass 397:416 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 397:504 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 2 7 theme bioactive 402:410 arg1 BG 419:420 BG 419:420 BG 419:420 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 5 8 theme mineralization 1337:1350 arg1 time 1352:1355 mineralization time 1337:1355 mineralization time 1337:1355 Furthermore, key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength were quantitatively investigated as a function of mineralization time. 26460819 1 9 theme bone-to-implant 304:318 arg1 contact 320:326 bone-to-implant contact 304:326 bone-to-implant contact 304:326 Surface functionalization of orthopedic implants is being intensively investigated to strengthen bone-to-implant contact and accelerate bone healing process. 26460819 4 10 theme trials 997:1002 arg1 characterization 1008:1023 characterization 1008:1023 characterization 1008:1023 A series of comparative trials and characterization methods were carried out to comprehensively understand the mineralization process of BG interacting with CNCs. 26460819 4 10 theme trials 997:1002 arg1 series 975:980 A series 973:980 A series of comparative trials 973:1002 A series of comparative trials and characterization methods were carried out to comprehensively understand the mineralization process of BG interacting with CNCs. 26460819 2 11 with glass 412:416 arg1 CNCs 500:503 CNCs 500:503 CNCs 500:503 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 2 11 with glass 412:416 arg1 nanocrystals 486:497 fibrous cellulose nanocrystals 468:497 fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 468:504 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 3 12 theme hydroxyapatite 927:940 arg1 layer 951:955 hydroxyapatite crystals layer 927:955 hydroxyapatite crystals layer 927:955 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 6 13 theme matrix 1564:1569 arg1 proliferation 1496:1508 proliferation 1496:1508 proliferation 1496:1508 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 6 13 theme matrix 1564:1569 arg1 spreading 1485:1493 spreading 1485:1493 spreading 1485:1493 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 6 13 theme matrix 1564:1569 arg1 attachment 1473:1482 cell attachment 1468:1482 cell attachment 1468:1482 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 6 13 theme matrix 1564:1569 arg1 differentiation 1511:1525 differentiation 1511:1525 differentiation 1511:1525 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 6 13 theme matrix 1564:1569 arg1 mineralization 1532:1545 mineralization 1532:1545 mineralization of extracellular matrix 1532:1569 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 0 14 theme In 109:110 arg1 Control 117:123 In Situ Control 109:123 In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass 109:160 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 3 15 theme CNCs-BG 790:796 arg1 characterization 756:771 in vitro characterization 747:771 in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid 747:828 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 4 16 theme mineralization 1084:1097 arg1 process 1099:1105 the mineralization process 1080:1105 the mineralization process of BG interacting with CNCs 1080:1133 A series of comparative trials and characterization methods were carried out to comprehensively understand the mineralization process of BG interacting with CNCs. 26460819 7 17 theme BG 1663:1664 arg1 particles 1666:1674 BG particles 1663:1674 BG particles 1663:1674 This study has confirmed the capability of CNCs to enhance and regulate the bioactivity of BG particles, leading to mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids for improved bone implant coatings. 26460819 6 18 theme CNCs-BG 1426:1432 arg1 coating 1434:1440 CNCs-BG coating 1426:1440 CNCs-BG coating 1426:1440 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 2 19 theme deposition 598:607 arg1 process 615:621 a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process 571:621 a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process 571:621 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 2 20 theme fibrous 468:474 arg1 CNCs 500:503 CNCs 500:503 CNCs 500:503 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 2 20 theme fibrous 468:474 arg1 nanocrystals 486:497 fibrous cellulose nanocrystals 468:497 fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 468:504 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 7 21 theme improved 1720:1727 arg1 coatings 1742:1749 improved bone implant coatings 1720:1749 improved bone implant coatings 1720:1749 This study has confirmed the capability of CNCs to enhance and regulate the bioactivity of BG particles, leading to mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids for improved bone implant coatings. 26460819 2 22 theme aqueous 549:555 arg1 suspension 557:566 aqueous suspension 549:566 aqueous suspension 549:566 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 7 23 theme implant 1734:1740 arg1 coatings 1742:1749 improved bone implant coatings 1720:1749 improved bone implant coatings 1720:1749 This study has confirmed the capability of CNCs to enhance and regulate the bioactivity of BG particles, leading to mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids for improved bone implant coatings. 26460819 0 24 dep In 109:110 arg1 Situ 112:115 Situ 112:115 Situ 112:115 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 2 25 theme wrapped 436:442 arg1 glass 412:416 45S5 bioactive glass 397:416 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 397:504 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 2 25 theme wrapped 436:442 arg1 BG 419:420 BG 419:420 BG 419:420 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 0 26 theme Nanocrystals--Bioactive 10:32 arg1 Coating 47:53 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating 0:53 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 0:205 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 3 27 theme deposited 780:788 arg1 CNCs-BG 790:796 the deposited CNCs-BG 776:796 the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid 776:828 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 3 28 dep in 747:748 arg1 vitro 750:754 vitro 750:754 vitro 750:754 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 3 29 dep reveals 830:836 arg1 formation 914:922 the formation 910:922 the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer 910:955 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 1 30 theme Surface 207:213 arg1 functionalization 215:231 Surface functionalization 207:231 Surface functionalization of orthopedic implants 207:254 Surface functionalization of orthopedic implants is being intensively investigated to strengthen bone-to-implant contact and accelerate bone healing process. 26460819 0 31 theme Cellulose 0:8 arg1 Coating 47:53 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating 0:53 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 0:205 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 3 32 theme body 819:822 arg1 fluid 824:828 simulated body fluid 809:828 simulated body fluid 809:828 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 2 33 theme hybrid 367:372 arg1 coating 374:380 A hybrid coating 365:380 A hybrid coating 365:380 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 5 34 theme implant 1200:1206 arg1 applicability 1180:1192 the applicability 1176:1192 the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength 1176:1285 Furthermore, key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength were quantitatively investigated as a function of mineralization time. 26460819 6 35 theme culture 1363:1369 arg1 studies 1371:1377 Cell culture studies 1358:1377 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) 1358:1394 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 0 36 theme Hybrid 40:45 arg1 Coating 47:53 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating 0:53 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 0:205 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 1 37 theme bone 343:346 arg1 process 356:362 bone healing process 343:362 bone healing process 343:362 Surface functionalization of orthopedic implants is being intensively investigated to strengthen bone-to-implant contact and accelerate bone healing process. 26460819 7 38 theme bone 1729:1732 arg1 coatings 1742:1749 improved bone implant coatings 1720:1749 improved bone implant coatings 1720:1749 This study has confirmed the capability of CNCs to enhance and regulate the bioactivity of BG particles, leading to mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids for improved bone implant coatings. 26460819 3 39 dep formation 914:922 arg1 e.g. 904:907 e.g. 904:907 e.g. 904:907 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 6 40 theme extracellular 1550:1562 arg1 matrix 1564:1569 extracellular matrix 1550:1569 extracellular matrix 1550:1569 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 2 41 theme cellulose 476:484 arg1 CNCs 500:503 CNCs 500:503 CNCs 500:503 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 2 41 theme cellulose 476:484 arg1 nanocrystals 486:497 fibrous cellulose nanocrystals 468:497 fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 468:504 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 0 42 theme Glass 34:38 arg1 Coating 47:53 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating 0:53 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 0:205 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 1 43 theme healing 348:354 arg1 process 356:362 bone healing process 343:362 bone healing process 343:362 Surface functionalization of orthopedic implants is being intensively investigated to strengthen bone-to-implant contact and accelerate bone healing process. 26460819 0 44 theme Mineralization 128:141 arg1 Enhancement 166:176 Enhancement 166:176 Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance 166:204 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 0 44 theme Mineralization 128:141 arg1 Control 117:123 In Situ Control 109:123 In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass 109:160 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 1 45 theme orthopedic 236:245 arg1 implants 247:254 orthopedic implants 236:254 orthopedic implants 236:254 Surface functionalization of orthopedic implants is being intensively investigated to strengthen bone-to-implant contact and accelerate bone healing process. 26460819 3 46 theme simulated 809:817 arg1 fluid 824:828 simulated body fluid 809:828 simulated body fluid 809:828 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 0 47 theme Glass 156:160 arg1 Mineralization 128:141 Mineralization 128:141 Mineralization of Bioactive Glass 128:160 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 3 48 theme scanning 704:711 arg1 microscopy 722:731 scanning electron microscopy 704:731 scanning electron microscopy 704:731 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 4 49 theme BG 1110:1111 arg1 process 1099:1105 the mineralization process 1080:1105 the mineralization process of BG interacting with CNCs 1080:1133 A series of comparative trials and characterization methods were carried out to comprehensively understand the mineralization process of BG interacting with CNCs. 26460819 1 50 theme implants 247:254 arg1 functionalization 215:231 Surface functionalization 207:231 Surface functionalization of orthopedic implants 207:254 Surface functionalization of orthopedic implants is being intensively investigated to strengthen bone-to-implant contact and accelerate bone healing process. 26460819 4 51 dep series 975:980 arg1 methods 1025:1031 methods 1025:1031 methods 1025:1031 A series of comparative trials and characterization methods were carried out to comprehensively understand the mineralization process of BG interacting with CNCs. 26460819 7 52 theme mineralized 1688:1698 arg1 hybrids 1708:1714 mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids 1688:1714 mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids for improved bone implant coatings 1688:1749 This study has confirmed the capability of CNCs to enhance and regulate the bioactivity of BG particles, leading to mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids for improved bone implant coatings. 26460819 0 53 theme Bioactive 146:154 arg1 Glass 156:160 Bioactive Glass 146:160 Bioactive Glass 146:160 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 5 54 theme adhesion 1269:1276 arg1 strength 1278:1285 adhesion strength 1269:1285 adhesion strength 1269:1285 Furthermore, key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength were quantitatively investigated as a function of mineralization time. 26460819 3 55 theme codeposition 639:650 arg1 mechanism 652:660 the codeposition mechanism 635:660 the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements 635:744 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 2 56 theme interconnected 448:461 arg1 glass 412:416 45S5 bioactive glass 397:416 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 397:504 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 2 56 theme interconnected 448:461 arg1 BG 419:420 BG 419:420 BG 419:420 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 3 57 theme rapid 851:855 arg1 mineralization 857:870 an extremely rapid mineralization 838:870 an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating 838:901 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 3 58 from mineralization 857:870 arg1 coating 895:901 the coating 891:901 the coating 891:901 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 5 59 theme surface 1245:1251 arg1 topography 1253:1262 surface topography 1245:1262 surface topography 1245:1262 Furthermore, key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength were quantitatively investigated as a function of mineralization time. 26460819 2 60 theme 45S5 397:400 arg1 glass 412:416 45S5 bioactive glass 397:416 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) 397:504 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 2 60 theme 45S5 397:400 arg1 BG 419:420 BG 419:420 BG 419:420 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 2 61 theme one-step 573:580 arg1 process 615:621 a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process 571:621 a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process 571:621 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 5 62 theme coating 1224:1230 arg1 composition 1232:1242 coating composition 1224:1242 coating composition 1224:1242 Furthermore, key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength were quantitatively investigated as a function of mineralization time. 26460819 2 63 from suspension 557:566 arg1 steel 538:542 316L stainless steel 523:542 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension 523:566 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 0 64 dep Coating 47:53 arg1 Enhancement 166:176 Enhancement 166:176 Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance 166:204 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 0 64 dep Coating 47:53 arg1 Control 117:123 In Situ Control 109:123 In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass 109:160 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 5 65 theme key 1149:1151 arg1 function 1325:1332 a function 1323:1332 a function of mineralization time 1323:1355 Furthermore, key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength were quantitatively investigated as a function of mineralization time. 26460819 5 65 theme key 1149:1151 arg1 factors 1153:1159 key factors 1149:1159 key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength 1149:1285 Furthermore, key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength were quantitatively investigated as a function of mineralization time. 26460819 7 66 theme CNCs-BG 1700:1706 arg1 hybrids 1708:1714 mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids 1688:1714 mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids for improved bone implant coatings 1688:1749 This study has confirmed the capability of CNCs to enhance and regulate the bioactivity of BG particles, leading to mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids for improved bone implant coatings. 26460819 0 67 theme Osteoblastic 181:192 arg1 Performance 194:204 Osteoblastic Performance 181:204 Osteoblastic Performance 181:204 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 7 68 theme CNCs 1615:1618 arg1 capability 1601:1610 the capability 1597:1610 the capability of CNCs to enhance and regulate the bioactivity of BG particles 1597:1674 This study has confirmed the capability of CNCs to enhance and regulate the bioactivity of BG particles, leading to mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids for improved bone implant coatings. 26460819 3 69 theme BG 875:876 arg1 particles 878:886 BG particles 875:886 BG particles 875:886 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 2 70 theme EPD 610:612 arg1 process 615:621 a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process 571:621 a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process 571:621 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 26460819 3 71 theme electron 713:720 arg1 microscopy 722:731 scanning electron microscopy 704:731 scanning electron microscopy 704:731 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 6 72 dep studies 1371:1377 arg1 using 1380:1384 using 1380:1384 using MC3T3-E1 1380:1393 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 4 73 theme comparative 985:995 arg1 trials 997:1002 comparative trials 985:1002 comparative trials 985:1002 A series of comparative trials and characterization methods were carried out to comprehensively understand the mineralization process of BG interacting with CNCs. 26460819 6 74 theme coating 1434:1440 arg1 presence 1414:1421 the presence 1410:1421 the presence of CNCs-BG coating 1410:1440 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 3 75 theme particles 878:886 arg1 mineralization 857:870 an extremely rapid mineralization 838:870 an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating 838:901 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 0 76 theme Electrophoretic 78:92 arg1 Co-deposition 94:106 Electrophoretic Co-deposition 78:106 Electrophoretic Co-deposition 78:106 Cellulose Nanocrystals--Bioactive Glass Hybrid Coating as Bone Substitutes by Electrophoretic Co-deposition: In Situ Control of Mineralization of Bioactive Glass and Enhancement of Osteoblastic Performance. 26460819 5 77 theme time 1352:1355 arg1 function 1325:1332 a function 1323:1332 a function of mineralization time 1323:1355 Furthermore, key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength were quantitatively investigated as a function of mineralization time. 26460819 5 77 theme time 1352:1355 arg1 factors 1153:1159 key factors 1149:1159 key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength 1149:1285 Furthermore, key factors for satisfying the applicability of an implant coating such as coating composition, surface topography, and adhesion strength were quantitatively investigated as a function of mineralization time. 26460819 7 78 theme particles 1666:1674 arg1 bioactivity 1648:1658 the bioactivity 1644:1658 the bioactivity of BG particles 1644:1674 This study has confirmed the capability of CNCs to enhance and regulate the bioactivity of BG particles, leading to mineralized CNCs-BG hybrids for improved bone implant coatings. 26460819 6 79 theme Cell 1358:1361 arg1 studies 1371:1377 Cell culture studies 1358:1377 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) 1358:1394 Cell culture studies (using MC3T3-E1) indicate that the presence of CNCs-BG coating substantially accelerated cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. 26460819 3 80 theme crystals 942:949 arg1 layer 951:955 hydroxyapatite crystals layer 927:955 hydroxyapatite crystals layer 927:955 Apart from the codeposition mechanism elucidated by means of zeta-potential and scanning electron microscopy measurements, in vitro characterization of the deposited CNCs-BG coating in simulated body fluid reveals an extremely rapid mineralization of BG particles on the coating (e.g., the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals layer after 0.5 day). 26460819 2 81 theme electrophoretic 582:596 arg1 process 615:621 a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process 571:621 a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process 571:621 A hybrid coating, consisting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) individually wrapped and interconnected with fibrous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is deposited on 316L stainless steel from aqueous suspension by a one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. 24585460 5 0 theme CD 821:822 arg1 concentration 824:836 CD concentration 821:836 CD concentration 821:836 To improve enantioseparation, buffer composition and pH, CD concentration, applied voltage, temperature, and injection parameters were optimized for the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system, yielding a resolution of 8.34. 24585460 2 1 theme validated 337:345 arg1 method 357:362 a validated chiral CE method 335:362 a validated chiral CE method 335:362 Following its pKa determination by CE-pH titration, a validated chiral CE method has been developed to separate Alo enantiomers. 24585460 6 2 theme peak 1041:1044 arg1 areas 1046:1050 corrected peak areas 1031:1050 corrected peak areas 1031:1050 RSD percentage of the resolution value, migration times, and corrected peak areas were below 3 and 5% during testing repeatability and intermediate precision. 24585460 0 3 theme validated 91:99 arg1 method 101:106 a validated method 89:106 Separation of alogliptin enantiomers in cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis: a validated method. 0:107 Separation of alogliptin enantiomers in cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis: a validated method. 24585460 4 4 theme β-CD 746:749 arg1 derivatives 751:761 β-CD derivatives 746:761 β-CD derivatives 746:761 Furthermore, cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal was observed between γ- and β-CD derivatives. 24585460 6 5 theme corrected 1031:1039 arg1 areas 1046:1050 corrected peak areas 1031:1050 corrected peak areas 1031:1050 RSD percentage of the resolution value, migration times, and corrected peak areas were below 3 and 5% during testing repeatability and intermediate precision. 24585460 10 6 theme API 1552:1554 arg1 presence 1536:1543 the presence 1532:1543 the presence of the API 1532:1554 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 was found promising to detect 0.1% distomer in the presence of the API. 24585460 0 7 from Separation 0:9 arg1 electrophoresis 72:86 cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis 40:86 cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis 40:86 Separation of alogliptin enantiomers in cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis: a validated method. 24585460 7 8 theme LOQ 1137:1139 arg1 values 1141:1146 LOD and LOQ values 1129:1146 LOD and LOQ values 1129:1146 LOD and LOQ values were found to be 2 and 6 μg/mL, respectively, for each enantiomer. 24585460 1 9 dep alogliptin 137:146 arg1 Nesina® 154:160 Nesina® 154:160 Nesina® 154:160 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 9 dep alogliptin 137:146 arg1 Alo 149:151 Alo 149:151 Alo 149:151 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 5 10 theme buffer 794:799 arg1 composition 801:811 buffer composition 794:811 buffer composition 794:811 To improve enantioseparation, buffer composition and pH, CD concentration, applied voltage, temperature, and injection parameters were optimized for the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system, yielding a resolution of 8.34. 24585460 4 11 theme dependent 672:680 arg1 reversal 709:716 cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal 660:716 cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal 660:716 Furthermore, cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal was observed between γ- and β-CD derivatives. 24585460 10 12 theme 5 mM 1434:1437 arg1 SBE-β-CD 1439:1446 5 mM SBE-β-CD 1434:1446 5 mM SBE-β-CD 1434:1446 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 was found promising to detect 0.1% distomer in the presence of the API. 24585460 10 13 contain containing 1423:1432 arg1 system 1416:1421 The optimized system 1402:1421 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 1402:1483 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 was found promising to detect 0.1% distomer in the presence of the API. 24585460 10 13 contain containing 1423:1432 arg2 SBE-β-CD 1439:1446 5 mM SBE-β-CD 1434:1446 5 mM SBE-β-CD 1434:1446 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 was found promising to detect 0.1% distomer in the presence of the API. 24585460 7 14 theme LOD 1129:1131 arg1 values 1141:1146 LOD and LOQ values 1129:1146 LOD and LOQ values 1129:1146 LOD and LOQ values were found to be 2 and 6 μg/mL, respectively, for each enantiomer. 24585460 2 15 theme Alo 395:397 arg1 enantiomers 399:409 separate Alo enantiomers 386:409 separate Alo enantiomers 386:409 Following its pKa determination by CE-pH titration, a validated chiral CE method has been developed to separate Alo enantiomers. 24585460 5 16 theme SBE-β-CD 922:929 arg1 system 931:936 the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system 913:936 the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system 913:936 To improve enantioseparation, buffer composition and pH, CD concentration, applied voltage, temperature, and injection parameters were optimized for the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system, yielding a resolution of 8.34. 24585460 6 17 theme intermediate 1105:1116 arg1 precision 1118:1126 intermediate precision 1105:1126 intermediate precision 1105:1126 RSD percentage of the resolution value, migration times, and corrected peak areas were below 3 and 5% during testing repeatability and intermediate precision. 24585460 8 18 theme Calibration 1215:1225 arg1 lines 1227:1231 Calibration lines 1215:1231 Calibration lines ranging from 6 to 250 μg/mL 1215:1259 Calibration lines ranging from 6 to 250 μg/mL were constructed with r(2) > 0.9997. 24585460 9 19 theme experimental 1381:1392 arg1 design 1394:1399 the Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design 1349:1399 the Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design 1349:1399 Robustness could be successfully verified by using the Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design. 24585460 5 20 theme Alo/ 917:920 arg1 system 931:936 the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system 913:936 the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system 913:936 To improve enantioseparation, buffer composition and pH, CD concentration, applied voltage, temperature, and injection parameters were optimized for the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system, yielding a resolution of 8.34. 24585460 10 21 theme % 1518:1518 arg1 distomer 1520:1527 0.1% distomer 1515:1527 0.1% distomer 1515:1527 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 was found promising to detect 0.1% distomer in the presence of the API. 24585460 10 22 theme acetate 1459:1465 arg1 buffer 1467:1472 a 25 mM acetate buffer 1451:1472 a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 1451:1483 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 was found promising to detect 0.1% distomer in the presence of the API. 24585460 8 23 dep 250 1251:1253 arg1 to 1248:1249 to 1248:1249 to 1248:1249 Calibration lines ranging from 6 to 250 μg/mL were constructed with r(2) > 0.9997. 24585460 1 24 theme novel 168:172 arg1 inhibitor 229:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor 166:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes 166:280 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 24 theme novel 168:172 arg1 drug 131:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 25 theme type 265:268 arg1 diabetes 273:280 type II diabetes 265:280 type II diabetes 265:280 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 10 26 theme 25 mM 1453:1457 arg1 buffer 1467:1472 a 25 mM acetate buffer 1451:1472 a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 1451:1483 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 was found promising to detect 0.1% distomer in the presence of the API. 24585460 10 27 theme optimized 1406:1414 arg1 system 1416:1421 The optimized system 1402:1421 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 1402:1483 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 was found promising to detect 0.1% distomer in the presence of the API. 24585460 2 28 theme pKa 297:299 arg1 determination 301:313 its pKa determination 293:313 its pKa determination by CE-pH titration 293:332 Following its pKa determination by CE-pH titration, a validated chiral CE method has been developed to separate Alo enantiomers. 24585460 3 29 theme Preliminary 412:422 arg1 screening 424:432 Preliminary screening 412:432 Preliminary screening of the native CDs and their ten derivatives 412:476 Preliminary screening of the native CDs and their ten derivatives revealed that sulfopropylated-γ-CD, sulfopropylated-β-CD and sulfopropylated-γ-CD, sulfobutyl-ether-β-CD (SBE-β-CD) and sulfobutyl-ether-γ-CD enabled enantioresolution. 24585460 0 30 theme enantiomers 25:35 arg1 Separation 0:9 Separation 0:9 Separation of alogliptin enantiomers in cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis: a validated method. 0:107 Separation of alogliptin enantiomers in cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis: a validated method. 24585460 6 31 theme migration 1010:1018 arg1 times 1020:1024 migration times 1010:1024 migration times 1010:1024 RSD percentage of the resolution value, migration times, and corrected peak areas were below 3 and 5% during testing repeatability and intermediate precision. 24585460 1 32 theme single 113:118 arg1 alogliptin 137:146 alogliptin 137:146 alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) 137:161 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 32 theme single 113:118 arg1 inhibitor 229:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor 166:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes 166:280 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 32 theme single 113:118 arg1 drug 131:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 3 33 theme CDs 448:450 arg1 screening 424:432 Preliminary screening 412:432 Preliminary screening of the native CDs and their ten derivatives 412:476 Preliminary screening of the native CDs and their ten derivatives revealed that sulfopropylated-γ-CD, sulfopropylated-β-CD and sulfopropylated-γ-CD, sulfobutyl-ether-β-CD (SBE-β-CD) and sulfobutyl-ether-γ-CD enabled enantioresolution. 24585460 0 34 theme alogliptin 14:23 arg1 enantiomers 25:35 alogliptin enantiomers 14:35 alogliptin enantiomers 14:35 Separation of alogliptin enantiomers in cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis: a validated method. 24585460 1 35 theme diabetes 273:280 arg1 treatment 252:260 the treatment 248:260 the treatment of type II diabetes 248:280 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 36 theme enantiomer 120:129 arg1 alogliptin 137:146 alogliptin 137:146 alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) 137:161 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 36 theme enantiomer 120:129 arg1 inhibitor 229:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor 166:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes 166:280 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 36 theme enantiomer 120:129 arg1 drug 131:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 37 theme available 182:190 arg1 inhibitor 229:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor 166:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes 166:280 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 37 theme available 182:190 arg1 drug 131:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 0 38 theme cyclodextrin-modified 40:60 arg1 electrophoresis 72:86 cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis 40:86 cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis 40:86 Separation of alogliptin enantiomers in cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis: a validated method. 24585460 6 39 theme value 1003:1007 arg1 percentage 974:983 RSD percentage 970:983 RSD percentage of the resolution value 970:1007 RSD percentage of the resolution value, migration times, and corrected peak areas were below 3 and 5% during testing repeatability and intermediate precision. 24585460 6 39 theme value 1003:1007 arg1 areas 1046:1050 corrected peak areas 1031:1050 corrected peak areas 1031:1050 RSD percentage of the resolution value, migration times, and corrected peak areas were below 3 and 5% during testing repeatability and intermediate precision. 24585460 6 39 theme value 1003:1007 arg1 times 1020:1024 migration times 1010:1024 migration times 1010:1024 RSD percentage of the resolution value, migration times, and corrected peak areas were below 3 and 5% during testing repeatability and intermediate precision. 24585460 4 40 theme order 703:707 arg1 reversal 709:716 cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal 660:716 cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal 660:716 Furthermore, cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal was observed between γ- and β-CD derivatives. 24585460 4 41 theme migration 693:701 arg1 reversal 709:716 cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal 660:716 cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal 660:716 Furthermore, cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal was observed between γ- and β-CD derivatives. 24585460 2 42 theme separate 386:393 arg1 enantiomers 399:409 separate Alo enantiomers 386:409 separate Alo enantiomers 386:409 Following its pKa determination by CE-pH titration, a validated chiral CE method has been developed to separate Alo enantiomers. 24585460 5 43 theme applied 839:845 arg1 voltage 847:853 applied voltage 839:853 applied voltage 839:853 To improve enantioseparation, buffer composition and pH, CD concentration, applied voltage, temperature, and injection parameters were optimized for the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system, yielding a resolution of 8.34. 24585460 6 44 theme resolution 992:1001 arg1 value 1003:1007 the resolution value 988:1007 the resolution value 988:1007 RSD percentage of the resolution value, migration times, and corrected peak areas were below 3 and 5% during testing repeatability and intermediate precision. 24585460 1 45 theme selective 196:204 arg1 inhibitor 229:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor 166:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes 166:280 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 45 theme selective 196:204 arg1 drug 131:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 10 46 theme 0.1 1515:1517 arg1 % 1518:1518 % 1518:1518 % 1518:1518 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 was found promising to detect 0.1% distomer in the presence of the API. 24585460 3 47 theme derivatives 466:476 arg1 screening 424:432 Preliminary screening 412:432 Preliminary screening of the native CDs and their ten derivatives 412:476 Preliminary screening of the native CDs and their ten derivatives revealed that sulfopropylated-γ-CD, sulfopropylated-β-CD and sulfopropylated-γ-CD, sulfobutyl-ether-β-CD (SBE-β-CD) and sulfobutyl-ether-γ-CD enabled enantioresolution. 24585460 0 48 theme capillary 62:70 arg1 electrophoresis 72:86 cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis 40:86 cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis 40:86 Separation of alogliptin enantiomers in cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis: a validated method. 24585460 5 49 theme 8.34 964:967 arg1 resolution 950:959 a resolution 948:959 a resolution of 8.34 948:967 To improve enantioseparation, buffer composition and pH, CD concentration, applied voltage, temperature, and injection parameters were optimized for the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system, yielding a resolution of 8.34. 24585460 9 50 theme Plackett-Burman 1353:1367 arg1 design 1394:1399 the Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design 1349:1399 the Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design 1349:1399 Robustness could be successfully verified by using the Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design. 24585460 2 51 theme CE-pH 318:322 arg1 titration 324:332 CE-pH titration 318:332 CE-pH titration 318:332 Following its pKa determination by CE-pH titration, a validated chiral CE method has been developed to separate Alo enantiomers. 24585460 9 52 theme statistical 1369:1379 arg1 design 1394:1399 the Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design 1349:1399 the Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design 1349:1399 Robustness could be successfully verified by using the Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design. 24585460 1 53 theme dipeptidyl 206:215 arg1 inhibitor 229:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor 166:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes 166:280 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 53 theme dipeptidyl 206:215 arg1 drug 131:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 5 54 theme injection 873:881 arg1 parameters 883:892 injection parameters 873:892 injection parameters 873:892 To improve enantioseparation, buffer composition and pH, CD concentration, applied voltage, temperature, and injection parameters were optimized for the Alo/ SBE-β-CD system, yielding a resolution of 8.34. 24585460 1 55 theme peptidase-4 217:227 arg1 inhibitor 229:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor 166:237 a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes 166:280 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 1 55 theme peptidase-4 217:227 arg1 drug 131:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug 109:134 The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina®) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes. 24585460 3 56 theme native 441:446 arg1 CDs 448:450 the native CDs 437:450 the native CDs 437:450 Preliminary screening of the native CDs and their ten derivatives revealed that sulfopropylated-γ-CD, sulfopropylated-β-CD and sulfopropylated-γ-CD, sulfobutyl-ether-β-CD (SBE-β-CD) and sulfobutyl-ether-γ-CD enabled enantioresolution. 24585460 4 57 theme enantiomer 682:691 arg1 reversal 709:716 cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal 660:716 cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal 660:716 Furthermore, cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal was observed between γ- and β-CD derivatives. 24585460 2 58 theme CE 354:355 arg1 method 357:362 a validated chiral CE method 335:362 a validated chiral CE method 335:362 Following its pKa determination by CE-pH titration, a validated chiral CE method has been developed to separate Alo enantiomers. 24585460 10 59 from pH 1477:1478 arg1 buffer 1467:1472 a 25 mM acetate buffer 1451:1472 a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 1451:1483 The optimized system containing 5 mM SBE-β-CD in a 25 mM acetate buffer at pH 4.75 was found promising to detect 0.1% distomer in the presence of the API. 24585460 6 60 theme RSD 970:972 arg1 percentage 974:983 RSD percentage 970:983 RSD percentage of the resolution value 970:1007 RSD percentage of the resolution value, migration times, and corrected peak areas were below 3 and 5% during testing repeatability and intermediate precision. 24585460 0 61 dep Separation 0:9 arg1 method 101:106 a validated method 89:106 Separation of alogliptin enantiomers in cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis: a validated method. 0:107 Separation of alogliptin enantiomers in cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis: a validated method. 24585460 2 62 theme chiral 347:352 arg1 method 357:362 a validated chiral CE method 335:362 a validated chiral CE method 335:362 Following its pKa determination by CE-pH titration, a validated chiral CE method has been developed to separate Alo enantiomers. 24585460 4 63 theme cavity 660:665 arg1 size 667:670 cavity size 660:670 cavity size 660:670 Furthermore, cavity size dependent enantiomer migration order reversal was observed between γ- and β-CD derivatives. 27506590 9 0 theme mol 1372:1374 arg1 % 1375:1375 69.4 mol% 1367:1375 69.4 mol% 1367:1375 The DNA G+C content was 69.4 mol%. 27506590 9 0 theme mol 1372:1374 arg1 content 1355:1361 The DNA G+C content 1343:1361 The DNA G+C content 1343:1361 The DNA G+C content was 69.4 mol%. 27506590 4 1 theme insulae 721:727 arg1 DS-66T 729:734 Microbacterium insulae DS-66T 706:734 Microbacterium insulae DS-66T 706:734 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 9 2 theme DNA 1347:1349 arg1 % 1375:1375 69.4 mol% 1367:1375 69.4 mol% 1367:1375 The DNA G+C content was 69.4 mol%. 27506590 9 2 theme DNA 1347:1349 arg1 content 1355:1361 The DNA G+C content 1343:1361 The DNA G+C content 1343:1361 The DNA G+C content was 69.4 mol%. 27506590 2 3 dep Bengal 266:271 arg1 India 293:297 India 293:297 India 293:297 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 2 3 dep Bengal 266:271 arg1 Kanyakumari 280:290 Kanyakumari 280:290 Kanyakumari 280:290 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 10 4 theme novel 1502:1506 arg1 species 1508:1514 a novel species 1500:1514 a novel species 1500:1514 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 10 5 theme Microbacterium 1519:1532 arg1 species 1508:1514 a novel species 1500:1514 a novel species 1500:1514 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 4 6 theme rRNA 495:498 arg1 sequence 505:512 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 487:512 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T 487:528 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 4 7 theme Microbacterium 706:719 arg1 DS-66T 729:734 Microbacterium insulae DS-66T 706:734 Microbacterium insulae DS-66T 706:734 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 4 8 theme Microbacterium 550:563 arg1 CC-VM-YT 580:587 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT 550:587 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT 550:587 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 10 9 theme aureliae 1569:1576 arg1 sp 1578:1579 the name Microbacterium aureliae sp 1545:1579 the name Microbacterium aureliae sp 1545:1579 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 4 10 theme 16S 491:493 arg1 sequence 505:512 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 487:512 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T 487:528 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 4 11 theme % 890:890 arg1 similarities 823:834 similarities 823:834 similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 % 823:890 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 10 12 theme 11843T=JCM 1426:1435 arg1 39828T 1449:1454 =MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T 1420:1454 =MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T 1420:1454 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 10 12 theme 11843T=JCM 1426:1435 arg1 JF-6T 1413:1417 strain JF-6T 1406:1417 strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) 1406:1455 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 2 13 theme Bengal 266:271 arg1 Bay 259:261 the Bay 255:261 the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India 255:297 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 4 14 from CC-VM-YT 580:587 arg1 sequences 535:543 sequences 535:543 sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT 535:587 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 2 15 theme lemon-yellow-pigmented 136:157 arg1 actinobacterium 159:173 a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium 134:173 a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium 134:173 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 2 15 theme lemon-yellow-pigmented 136:157 arg1 JF-6T 183:187 strain JF-6T 176:187 strain JF-6T 176:187 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 5 16 theme phylogenetic 967:978 arg1 neighbours 980:989 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 955:989 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 955:989 However, the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest phylogenetic neighbours confirmed that it represents a novel species within the genus. 27506590 4 17 theme thalassium 792:801 arg1 16060T 807:812 Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T 777:812 Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T 777:812 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 10 18 theme name 1549:1552 arg1 sp 1578:1579 the name Microbacterium aureliae sp 1545:1579 the name Microbacterium aureliae sp 1545:1579 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 4 19 theme Microbacterium 668:681 arg1 20643T 698:703 Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T 668:703 Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T 668:703 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 8 20 from acid 1237:1240 arg1 peptidoglycan 1259:1271 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1245:1271 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1245:1271 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine and the peptidoglycan was type B2β (Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn). 27506590 10 21 theme =MTCC 1420:1424 arg1 39828T 1449:1454 =MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T 1420:1454 =MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T 1420:1454 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 10 21 theme =MTCC 1420:1424 arg1 JF-6T 1413:1417 strain JF-6T 1406:1417 strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) 1406:1455 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 1 22 theme Aurelia 72:78 arg1 jellyfish 97:105 the moon jellyfish 88:105 the moon jellyfish 88:105 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish. 27506590 1 22 theme Aurelia 72:78 arg1 aurita 80:85 Aurelia aurita 72:85 Aurelia aurita 72:85 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish. 27506590 8 23 theme cell-wall 1249:1257 arg1 peptidoglycan 1259:1271 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1245:1271 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1245:1271 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine and the peptidoglycan was type B2β (Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn). 27506590 0 24 theme aureliae 15:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Microbacterium aureliae sp 0:25 Microbacterium aureliae sp. 0:26 Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 4 25 with 20643T 698:703 arg1 sequences 535:543 sequences 535:543 sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT 535:587 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 9 26 theme G+C 1351:1353 arg1 % 1375:1375 69.4 mol% 1367:1375 69.4 mol% 1367:1375 The DNA G+C content was 69.4 mol%. 27506590 9 26 theme G+C 1351:1353 arg1 content 1355:1361 The DNA G+C content 1343:1361 The DNA G+C content 1343:1361 The DNA G+C content was 69.4 mol%. 27506590 5 27 theme DNA-DNA 930:936 arg1 relatedness 938:948 DNA-DNA relatedness 930:948 DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest phylogenetic neighbours 930:989 However, the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest phylogenetic neighbours confirmed that it represents a novel species within the genus. 27506590 10 28 theme species 1508:1514 arg1 strain 1490:1495 the type strain 1481:1495 the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp 1481:1579 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 10 28 theme species 1508:1514 arg1 JF-6T 1413:1417 strain JF-6T 1406:1417 strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) 1406:1455 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 4 29 theme DSM 694:696 arg1 20643T 698:703 Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T 668:703 Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T 668:703 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 0 30 theme Microbacterium 0:13 arg1 sp 24:25 Microbacterium aureliae sp 0:25 Microbacterium aureliae sp. 0:26 Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 1 31 attach isolated 58:65 arg2 actinobacterium 42:56 a novel actinobacterium 34:56 a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish 34:105 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish. 27506590 1 31 attach isolated 58:65 arg1 jellyfish 97:105 the moon jellyfish 88:105 the moon jellyfish 88:105 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish. 27506590 1 31 attach isolated 58:65 arg1 aurita 80:85 Aurelia aurita 72:85 Aurelia aurita 72:85 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish. 27506590 3 32 contain had 355:357 arg1 strain 348:353 The strain 344:353 The strain 344:353 The strain had phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium. 27506590 3 32 contain had 355:357 arg2 properties 389:398 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 359:398 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium 359:471 The strain had phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium. 27506590 5 33 theme relatedness 938:948 arg1 levels 920:925 the levels 916:925 the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest phylogenetic neighbours 916:989 However, the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest phylogenetic neighbours confirmed that it represents a novel species within the genus. 27506590 2 34 attach isolated 190:197 arg2 actinobacterium 159:173 a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium 134:173 a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium 134:173 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 2 34 attach isolated 190:197 arg1 aurita 212:217 Aurelia aurita 204:217 Aurelia aurita 204:217 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 2 34 attach isolated 190:197 arg2 JF-6T 183:187 strain JF-6T 176:187 strain JF-6T 176:187 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 2 34 attach isolated 190:197 arg1 jellyfish 229:237 the moon jellyfish 220:237 the moon jellyfish 220:237 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 7 35 theme strain 1190:1195 arg1 JF-6T 1197:1201 strain JF-6T 1190:1201 strain JF-6T 1190:1201 The major menaquinones detected for strain JF-6T were MK-13 and MK-12. 27506590 4 36 theme JF-6T 524:528 arg1 sequence 505:512 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 487:512 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T 487:528 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 10 37 theme 30060T=KCTC 1437:1447 arg1 39828T 1449:1454 =MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T 1420:1454 =MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T 1420:1454 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 10 37 theme 30060T=KCTC 1437:1447 arg1 JF-6T 1413:1417 strain JF-6T 1406:1417 strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) 1406:1455 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 10 38 theme strain 1406:1411 arg1 strain 1490:1495 the type strain 1481:1495 the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp 1481:1579 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 10 38 theme strain 1406:1411 arg1 JF-6T 1413:1417 strain JF-6T 1406:1417 strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) 1406:1455 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 10 38 theme strain 1406:1411 arg1 39828T 1449:1454 =MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T 1420:1454 =MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T 1420:1454 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 4 39 theme Microbacterium 777:790 arg1 16060T 807:812 Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T 777:812 Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T 777:812 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 5 40 theme novel 1022:1026 arg1 species 1028:1034 a novel species 1020:1034 a novel species within the genus 1020:1051 However, the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest phylogenetic neighbours confirmed that it represents a novel species within the genus. 27506590 5 41 theme closest 959:965 arg1 neighbours 980:989 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 955:989 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 955:989 However, the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest phylogenetic neighbours confirmed that it represents a novel species within the genus. 27506590 5 42 with relatedness 938:948 arg1 neighbours 980:989 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 955:989 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 955:989 However, the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest phylogenetic neighbours confirmed that it represents a novel species within the genus. 27506590 1 43 theme moon 92:95 arg1 jellyfish 97:105 the moon jellyfish 88:105 the moon jellyfish 88:105 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish. 27506590 1 43 theme moon 92:95 arg1 aurita 80:85 Aurelia aurita 72:85 Aurelia aurita 72:85 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish. 27506590 3 44 theme chemotaxonomic 374:387 arg1 properties 389:398 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 359:398 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium 359:471 The strain had phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium. 27506590 10 45 theme type 1485:1488 arg1 strain 1490:1495 the type strain 1481:1495 the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp 1481:1579 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 10 45 theme type 1485:1488 arg1 JF-6T 1413:1417 strain JF-6T 1406:1417 strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) 1406:1455 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27506590 2 46 theme strain 176:181 arg1 actinobacterium 159:173 a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium 134:173 a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium 134:173 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 2 46 theme strain 176:181 arg1 JF-6T 183:187 strain JF-6T 176:187 strain JF-6T 176:187 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 2 47 theme moon 224:227 arg1 aurita 212:217 Aurelia aurita 204:217 Aurelia aurita 204:217 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 2 47 theme moon 224:227 arg1 jellyfish 229:237 the moon jellyfish 220:237 the moon jellyfish 220:237 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 6 48 theme polar 1064:1068 arg1 lipids 1070:1075 The major polar lipids 1054:1075 The major polar lipids 1054:1075 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 27506590 6 48 theme polar 1064:1068 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1082:1101 phosphatidylglycerol 1082:1101 phosphatidylglycerol 1082:1101 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 27506590 8 49 theme diamino 1229:1235 arg1 acid 1237:1240 The diamino acid 1225:1240 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1225:1271 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine and the peptidoglycan was type B2β (Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn). 27506590 8 49 theme diamino 1229:1235 arg1 ornithine 1277:1285 ornithine 1277:1285 ornithine 1277:1285 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine and the peptidoglycan was type B2β (Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn). 27506590 4 50 theme sequence 505:512 arg1 20643T 698:703 Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T 668:703 Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T 668:703 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 4 50 theme sequence 505:512 arg1 Alignment 474:482 Alignment 474:482 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT 474:587 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 4 50 theme sequence 505:512 arg1 16060T 807:812 Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T 777:812 Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T 777:812 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 4 50 theme sequence 505:512 arg1 DS-66T 729:734 Microbacterium insulae DS-66T 706:734 Microbacterium insulae DS-66T 706:734 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 3 51 theme phenotypic 359:368 arg1 properties 389:398 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 359:398 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium 359:471 The strain had phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium. 27506590 4 52 theme gene 500:503 arg1 sequence 505:512 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 487:512 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T 487:528 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 2 53 theme actinobacterium 159:173 arg1 position 122:129 The taxonomic position 108:129 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, 108:298 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 3 54 from classification 430:443 arg1 Microbacterium 458:471 the genus Microbacterium 448:471 the genus Microbacterium 448:471 The strain had phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium. 27506590 4 55 with DS-66T 729:734 arg1 sequences 535:543 sequences 535:543 sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT 535:587 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 4 56 theme strain 517:522 arg1 JF-6T 524:528 strain JF-6T 517:528 strain JF-6T 517:528 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 4 57 with 16060T 807:812 arg1 sequences 535:543 sequences 535:543 sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT 535:587 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 2 58 theme Aurelia 204:210 arg1 aurita 212:217 Aurelia aurita 204:217 Aurelia aurita 204:217 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 2 58 theme Aurelia 204:210 arg1 jellyfish 229:237 the moon jellyfish 220:237 the moon jellyfish 220:237 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 8 59 theme type 1313:1316 arg1 Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn 1323:1339 Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn 1323:1339 Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn 1323:1339 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine and the peptidoglycan was type B2β (Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn). 27506590 8 59 theme type 1313:1316 arg1 peptidoglycan 1295:1307 the peptidoglycan 1291:1307 the peptidoglycan 1291:1307 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine and the peptidoglycan was type B2β (Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn). 27506590 8 59 theme type 1313:1316 arg1 B2β 1318:1320 type B2β 1313:1320 type B2β (Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn) 1313:1340 The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine and the peptidoglycan was type B2β (Glu/Hyg-Gly-d-Orn). 27506590 4 60 dep Microbacterium 550:563 arg1 arthrosphaerae 565:578 arthrosphaerae 565:578 arthrosphaerae 565:578 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 3 61 with consistent 410:419 arg1 classification 430:443 its classification 426:443 its classification in the genus Microbacterium 426:471 The strain had phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium. 27506590 1 62 dep actinobacterium 42:56 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish. 27506590 4 63 theme IFO 803:805 arg1 16060T 807:812 Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T 777:812 Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T 777:812 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 6 64 theme unknown 1134:1140 arg1 glycolipid 1142:1151 an unknown glycolipid 1131:1151 an unknown glycolipid 1131:1151 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 27506590 3 65 theme genus 452:456 arg1 Microbacterium 458:471 the genus Microbacterium 448:471 the genus Microbacterium 448:471 The strain had phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium. 27506590 4 66 dep Microbacterium 668:681 arg1 flavescens 683:692 flavescens 683:692 flavescens 683:692 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 6 67 theme major 1058:1062 arg1 lipids 1070:1075 The major polar lipids 1054:1075 The major polar lipids 1054:1075 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 27506590 6 67 theme major 1058:1062 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1082:1101 phosphatidylglycerol 1082:1101 phosphatidylglycerol 1082:1101 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 27506590 4 68 with Alignment 474:482 arg1 sequences 535:543 sequences 535:543 sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT 535:587 Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. 27506590 7 69 theme major 1158:1162 arg1 menaquinones 1164:1175 The major menaquinones 1154:1175 The major menaquinones detected for strain JF-6T 1154:1201 The major menaquinones detected for strain JF-6T were MK-13 and MK-12. 27506590 7 69 theme major 1158:1162 arg1 MK-13 1208:1212 MK-13 1208:1212 MK-13 1208:1212 The major menaquinones detected for strain JF-6T were MK-13 and MK-12. 27506590 2 70 theme taxonomic 112:120 arg1 position 122:129 The taxonomic position 108:129 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, 108:298 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 1 71 theme novel 36:40 arg1 actinobacterium 42:56 a novel actinobacterium 34:56 a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish 34:105 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish. 27506590 2 72 theme polyphasic 323:332 arg1 approach 334:341 a polyphasic approach 321:341 a polyphasic approach 321:341 The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27506590 10 73 theme Microbacterium 1554:1567 arg1 sp 1578:1579 the name Microbacterium aureliae sp 1545:1579 the name Microbacterium aureliae sp 1545:1579 Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. 27126251 9 0 theme major 912:916 arg1 components 918:927 major components 912:927 major components 912:927 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 8 1 theme G+C 712:714 arg1 % 738:738 47.2 mol% 730:738 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T 730:756 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 27126251 8 1 theme G+C 712:714 arg1 contents 716:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents 696:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents 696:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 27126251 14 2 theme 11016T=ATCC 1707:1717 arg1 13725T 1719:1724 =JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T 1702:1724 =JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T 1702:1724 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 14 2 theme 11016T=ATCC 1707:1717 arg1 1283T 1695:1699 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T 1663:1699 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 3 3 dep strains 319:325 arg1 strains 319:325 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains 290:325 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa 290:383 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 3 3 dep strains 319:325 arg1 SN021T 339:344 SN021T 339:344 SN021T 339:344 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 3 3 dep strains 319:325 arg1 FH052T 328:333 FH052T 328:333 FH052T 328:333 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 13 4 theme strain 1579:1584 arg1 100423T 1610:1616 =JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T 1594:1616 =JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T 1594:1616 nov. for strain SN021T (=JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T). 27126251 13 4 theme strain 1579:1584 arg1 SN021T 1586:1591 strain SN021T 1579:1591 strain SN021T (=JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T) 1579:1617 nov. for strain SN021T (=JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T). 27126251 17 5 theme species 1937:1943 arg1 descriptions 1915:1926 emended descriptions 1907:1926 emended descriptions of these species 1907:1943 nov. are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 27126251 8 6 theme mol 735:737 arg1 % 738:738 47.2 mol% 730:738 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T 730:756 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 27126251 8 6 theme mol 735:737 arg1 contents 716:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents 696:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents 696:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 27126251 12 7 dep sp 1566:1567 arg1 nov. 1472:1475 nov. 1472:1475 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1472:1563 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 16 8 theme 12503T=JCM 1859:1868 arg1 31057T 1870:1875 =DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T 1854:1875 =DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T 1854:1875 nov. and Anaerocolumna xylanovoransstrain HESP1T (=DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T) comb. 27126251 16 8 theme 12503T=JCM 1859:1868 arg1 HESP1T 1846:1851 HESP1T 1846:1851 HESP1T (=DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T) comb 1846:1881 nov. and Anaerocolumna xylanovoransstrain HESP1T (=DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T) comb. 27126251 10 9 theme 16S 930:932 arg1 similarity 953:962 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 930:962 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains 930:986 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 14 10 theme 1283T 1695:1699 arg1 species 1654:1660 the three related Clostridium species 1624:1660 the three related Clostridium species 1624:1660 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 14 10 theme 1283T 1695:1699 arg1 comb 1727:1730 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 11 11 theme gen. 1361:1364 arg1 nov. 1366:1369 gen. nov. 1361:1369 novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. 1253:1369 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 8 12 theme 38.1 mol 762:769 arg1 % 770:770 38.1 mol% 762:770 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T 762:788 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 27126251 14 13 theme aminovalerica 1677:1689 arg1 13725T 1719:1724 =JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T 1702:1724 =JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T 1702:1724 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 14 13 theme aminovalerica 1677:1689 arg1 1283T 1695:1699 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T 1663:1699 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 2 14 theme jejuense 226:233 arg1 reclassification 166:181 reclassification 166:181 reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species 166:287 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 2 14 theme jejuense 226:233 arg1 reactor 138:144 a methanogenic reactor 123:144 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 123:160 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 15 15 dep comb 1798:1801 arg1 HY-35-12T 1763:1771 Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T 1739:1771 Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) 1739:1796 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 15 15 dep comb 1798:1801 arg1 nov. 1733:1736 nov. 1733:1736 nov. 1733:1736 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 8 16 theme strain 776:781 arg1 SN021T 783:788 strain SN021T 776:788 strain SN021T 776:788 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 27126251 3 17 theme bacterial 309:317 arg1 strains 319:325 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains 290:325 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa 290:383 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 3 17 theme bacterial 309:317 arg1 SN021T 339:344 SN021T 339:344 SN021T 339:344 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 3 17 theme bacterial 309:317 arg1 FH052T 328:333 FH052T 328:333 FH052T 328:333 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 14 18 theme Clostridium 1642:1652 arg1 species 1654:1660 the three related Clostridium species 1624:1660 the three related Clostridium species 1624:1660 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 14 18 theme Clostridium 1642:1652 arg1 comb 1727:1730 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 12 19 theme gen. 1555:1558 arg1 nov. 1560:1563 cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1539:1563 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1472:1563 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 4 20 theme terminal 512:519 arg1 spores 521:526 terminal spores 512:526 terminal spores 512:526 Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods producing terminal spores. 27126251 9 21 theme cellular 818:825 arg1 acids 833:837 common cellular fatty acids 811:837 common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components 811:927 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 9 21 theme cellular 818:825 arg1 C16  847:850 C16  847:850 C16  847:850 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 9 21 theme cellular 818:825 arg1 C18  883:886 C18  883:886 C18  883:886 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 3 22 attach isolated 390:397 arg2 FH052T 328:333 FH052T 328:333 FH052T 328:333 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 3 22 attach isolated 390:397 arg1 reactor 419:425 a methanogenic reactor 404:425 a methanogenic reactor 404:425 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 3 22 attach isolated 390:397 arg2 strains 319:325 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains 290:325 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa 290:383 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 3 22 attach isolated 390:397 arg2 SN021T 339:344 SN021T 339:344 SN021T 339:344 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 12 23 theme 30820T=DSM 1501:1510 arg1 FH052T 1488:1493 strain FH052T 1481:1493 strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) 1481:1519 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 12 23 theme 30820T=DSM 1501:1510 arg1 100431T 1512:1518 =JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T 1496:1518 =JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T 1496:1518 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 3 24 theme cluster 372:378 arg1 XIVa 380:383 clostridial cluster XIVa 360:383 clostridial cluster XIVa 360:383 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 11 25 theme phylogenetic 1175:1186 arg1 analyses 1188:1195 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses 1160:1195 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses 1160:1195 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 1 26 dep sp 100:101 arg1 Anaerocolumna 59:71 Anaerocolumna 59:71 Anaerocolumna 59:71 nov. and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 1 26 dep sp 100:101 arg1 nov. 50:53 nov. 50:53 nov. 50:53 nov. and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 11 27 theme Anaerotaenia 1438:1449 arg1 sp 1468:1469 sp 1468:1469 sp 1468:1469 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 11 27 theme Anaerotaenia 1438:1449 arg1 nov. 1462:1465 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 1438:1465 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 1438:1465 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 11 28 theme Phenotypic 1160:1169 arg1 analyses 1188:1195 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses 1160:1195 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses 1160:1195 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 11 29 dep other 1266:1270 arg1 than 1272:1275 than 1272:1275 than 1272:1275 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 15 30 theme =DSM 1774:1777 arg1 HY-35-12T 1763:1771 Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T 1739:1771 Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) 1739:1796 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 15 30 theme =DSM 1774:1777 arg1 5026T 1791:1795 =DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T 1774:1795 =DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T 1774:1795 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 10 31 theme 92.6-95.7  1126:1135 arg1 % 1136:1136 % 1136:1136 % 1136:1136 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 1 32 theme gen. 89:92 arg1 nov. 94:97 cellulosilytica gen. nov. 73:97 nov. and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov. 50:97 nov. and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 0 33 theme Anaerotaenia 16:27 arg1 nov. 40:43 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 16:43 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 16:43 Descriptions of Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 11 34 theme gen. 1457:1460 arg1 sp 1468:1469 sp 1468:1469 sp 1468:1469 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 11 34 theme gen. 1457:1460 arg1 nov. 1462:1465 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 1438:1465 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 1438:1465 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 11 35 dep Clostridium 1287:1297 arg1 nov. 1366:1369 gen. nov. 1361:1369 novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. 1253:1369 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 2 36 theme waste 156:160 arg1 reclassification 166:181 reclassification 166:181 reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species 166:287 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 2 36 theme waste 156:160 arg1 reactor 138:144 a methanogenic reactor 123:144 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 123:160 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 15 37 theme Anaerocolumna 1739:1751 arg1 HY-35-12T 1763:1771 Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T 1739:1771 Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) 1739:1796 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 15 37 theme Anaerocolumna 1739:1751 arg1 nov. 1733:1736 nov. 1733:1736 nov. 1733:1736 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 15 37 theme Anaerocolumna 1739:1751 arg1 5026T 1791:1795 =DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T 1774:1795 =DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T 1774:1795 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 0 38 theme gen. 35:38 arg1 nov. 40:43 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 16:43 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 16:43 Descriptions of Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 9 39 contain had 807:809 arg1 strains 799:805 The two strains 791:805 The two strains 791:805 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 9 39 contain had 807:809 arg2 C16  847:850 C16  847:850 C16  847:850 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 9 39 contain had 807:809 arg2 C18  883:886 C18  883:886 C18  883:886 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 9 39 contain had 807:809 arg2 acids 833:837 common cellular fatty acids 811:837 common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components 811:927 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 12 40 theme =JCM 1496:1499 arg1 FH052T 1488:1493 strain FH052T 1481:1493 strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) 1481:1519 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 12 40 theme =JCM 1496:1499 arg1 100431T 1512:1518 =JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T 1496:1518 =JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T 1496:1518 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 3 41 theme methanogenic 406:417 arg1 reactor 419:425 a methanogenic reactor 404:425 a methanogenic reactor 404:425 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 13 42 theme =JCM 1594:1597 arg1 100423T 1610:1616 =JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T 1594:1616 =JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T 1594:1616 nov. for strain SN021T (=JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T). 27126251 13 42 theme =JCM 1594:1597 arg1 SN021T 1586:1591 strain SN021T 1579:1591 strain SN021T (=JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T) 1579:1617 nov. for strain SN021T (=JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T). 27126251 10 43 theme sequence 1138:1145 arg1 xylanovorans 1081:1092 Clostridium xylanovorans 1069:1092 Clostridium xylanovorans 1069:1092 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 43 theme sequence 1138:1145 arg1 jejuense 1059:1066 Clostridium jejuense 1047:1066 Clostridium jejuense 1047:1066 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 43 theme sequence 1138:1145 arg1 similarity 1147:1156 92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity 1126:1156 92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity 1126:1156 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 43 theme sequence 1138:1145 arg1 aminovalericum 1110:1123 Clostridium aminovalericum 1098:1123 Clostridium aminovalericum 1098:1123 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 43 theme sequence 1138:1145 arg1 species 1031:1037 closely related species 1015:1037 closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity) 1015:1157 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 44 theme gene 939:942 arg1 similarity 953:962 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 930:962 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains 930:986 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 9 45 theme common 811:816 arg1 acids 833:837 common cellular fatty acids 811:837 common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components 811:927 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 9 45 theme common 811:816 arg1 C16  847:850 C16  847:850 C16  847:850 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 9 45 theme common 811:816 arg1 C18  883:886 C18  883:886 C18  883:886 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 10 46 theme rRNA 934:937 arg1 similarity 953:962 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 930:962 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains 930:986 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 6 47 theme various 584:590 arg1 xylan 616:620 xylan 616:620 xylan 616:620 They fermented various carbohydrates including xylan and produced acetate, ethanol and H2. 27126251 6 47 theme various 584:590 arg1 carbohydrates 592:604 various carbohydrates 584:604 various carbohydrates including xylan 584:620 They fermented various carbohydrates including xylan and produced acetate, ethanol and H2. 27126251 11 48 theme novel 1253:1257 arg1 genera 1259:1264 novel genera 1253:1264 novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. 1253:1369 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 8 49 theme DNA 708:710 arg1 % 738:738 47.2 mol% 730:738 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T 730:756 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 27126251 8 49 theme DNA 708:710 arg1 contents 716:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents 696:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents 696:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 27126251 14 50 theme =JCM 1702:1705 arg1 13725T 1719:1724 =JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T 1702:1724 =JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T 1702:1724 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 14 50 theme =JCM 1702:1705 arg1 1283T 1695:1699 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T 1663:1699 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 2 51 theme methanogenic 125:136 arg1 reactor 138:144 a methanogenic reactor 123:144 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 123:160 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 16 52 theme =DSM 1854:1857 arg1 31057T 1870:1875 =DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T 1854:1875 =DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T 1854:1875 nov. and Anaerocolumna xylanovoransstrain HESP1T (=DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T) comb. 27126251 16 52 theme =DSM 1854:1857 arg1 HESP1T 1846:1851 HESP1T 1846:1851 HESP1T (=DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T) comb 1846:1881 nov. and Anaerocolumna xylanovoransstrain HESP1T (=DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T) comb. 27126251 11 53 theme gen. 1333:1336 arg1 nov. 1338:1341 the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. 1277:1341 nov. 1338:1341 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 11 54 theme Anaerotaenia 1320:1331 arg1 nov. 1338:1341 the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. 1277:1341 nov. 1338:1341 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 9 55 theme fatty 827:831 arg1 acids 833:837 common cellular fatty acids 811:837 common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components 811:927 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 9 55 theme fatty 827:831 arg1 C16  847:850 C16  847:850 C16  847:850 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 9 55 theme fatty 827:831 arg1 C18  883:886 C18  883:886 C18  883:886 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 17 56 theme emended 1907:1913 arg1 descriptions 1915:1926 emended descriptions 1907:1926 emended descriptions of these species 1907:1943 nov. are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 27126251 3 57 theme anaerobic 299:307 arg1 strains 319:325 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains 290:325 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa 290:383 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 3 57 theme anaerobic 299:307 arg1 SN021T 339:344 SN021T 339:344 SN021T 339:344 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 3 57 theme anaerobic 299:307 arg1 FH052T 328:333 FH052T 328:333 FH052T 328:333 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 4 58 theme Gram-stain-positive 458:476 arg1 rods 497:500 Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods 458:500 Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods producing terminal spores 458:526 Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods producing terminal spores. 27126251 8 59 theme strain 744:749 arg1 FH052T 751:756 strain FH052T 744:756 strain FH052T 744:756 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 27126251 14 60 theme DSM 1691:1693 arg1 13725T 1719:1724 =JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T 1702:1724 =JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T 1702:1724 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 14 60 theme DSM 1691:1693 arg1 1283T 1695:1699 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T 1663:1699 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 4 61 theme slender 479:485 arg1 rods 497:500 Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods 458:500 Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods producing terminal spores 458:526 Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods producing terminal spores. 27126251 14 62 theme Anaerocolumna 1663:1675 arg1 13725T 1719:1724 =JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T 1702:1724 =JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T 1702:1724 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 14 62 theme Anaerocolumna 1663:1675 arg1 1283T 1695:1699 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T 1663:1699 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 9 63 dep C16  847:850 arg1 C16  856:859 C16  856:859 C16  856:859 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 9 63 dep C16  847:850 arg1 dimethylacetal 864:877  0 dimethylacetal 861:877 C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal 847:877 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 10 64 theme related 1023:1029 arg1 xylanovorans 1081:1092 Clostridium xylanovorans 1069:1092 Clostridium xylanovorans 1069:1092 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 64 theme related 1023:1029 arg1 jejuense 1059:1066 Clostridium jejuense 1047:1066 Clostridium jejuense 1047:1066 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 64 theme related 1023:1029 arg1 similarity 1147:1156 92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity 1126:1156 92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity 1126:1156 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 64 theme related 1023:1029 arg1 aminovalericum 1110:1123 Clostridium aminovalericum 1098:1123 Clostridium aminovalericum 1098:1123 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 64 theme related 1023:1029 arg1 species 1031:1037 closely related species 1015:1037 closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity) 1015:1157 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 2 65 theme Anaerocolumna 267:279 arg1 species 281:287 Anaerocolumna species 267:287 Anaerocolumna species 267:287 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 12 66 theme cellulosilytica 1539:1553 arg1 nov. 1560:1563 cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1539:1563 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1472:1563 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 4 67 theme strains 445:451 arg1 Cells 428:432 Cells 428:432 Cells of the two strains 428:451 Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods producing terminal spores. 27126251 1 68 dep nov. 50:53 arg1 nov. 94:97 cellulosilytica gen. nov. 73:97 nov. and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov. 50:97 nov. and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 12 69 dep nov. 1472:1475 arg1 nov. 1560:1563 cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1539:1563 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1472:1563 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 14 70 theme related 1634:1640 arg1 species 1654:1660 the three related Clostridium species 1624:1660 the three related Clostridium species 1624:1660 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 14 70 theme related 1634:1640 arg1 comb 1727:1730 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb 1663:1730 For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. 27126251 2 71 theme xylanovorans 251:262 arg1 reclassification 166:181 reclassification 166:181 reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species 166:287 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 2 71 theme xylanovorans 251:262 arg1 reactor 138:144 a methanogenic reactor 123:144 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 123:160 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 11 72 theme genera 1313:1318 arg1 nov. 1338:1341 the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. 1277:1341 nov. 1338:1341 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 16 73 theme HESP1T 1846:1851 arg1 comb 1878:1881 HESP1T (=DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T) comb 1846:1881 HESP1T (=DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T) comb 1846:1881 nov. and Anaerocolumna xylanovoransstrain HESP1T (=DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T) comb. 27126251 11 74 theme genus 1281:1285 arg1 Clostridium 1287:1297 the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. 1277:1341 Clostridium 1287:1297 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 4 75 theme curved 490:495 arg1 rods 497:500 Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods 458:500 Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods producing terminal spores 458:526 Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods producing terminal spores. 27126251 15 76 theme 15929T=KCTC 1779:1789 arg1 HY-35-12T 1763:1771 Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T 1739:1771 Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) 1739:1796 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 15 76 theme 15929T=KCTC 1779:1789 arg1 5026T 1791:1795 =DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T 1774:1795 =DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T 1774:1795 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 7 77 theme Strain 660:665 arg1 SN021T 667:672 Strain SN021T 660:672 Strain SN021T 660:672 Strain SN021T decomposed cellulose. 27126251 3 78 theme clostridial 360:370 arg1 XIVa 380:383 clostridial cluster XIVa 360:383 clostridial cluster XIVa 360:383 Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 27126251 1 79 theme cellulosilytica 73:87 arg1 nov. 94:97 cellulosilytica gen. nov. 73:97 nov. and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov. 50:97 nov. and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 15 80 theme jejuensis 1753:1761 arg1 HY-35-12T 1763:1771 Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T 1739:1771 Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) 1739:1796 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 15 80 theme jejuensis 1753:1761 arg1 nov. 1733:1736 nov. 1733:1736 nov. 1733:1736 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 15 80 theme jejuensis 1753:1761 arg1 5026T 1791:1795 =DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T 1774:1795 =DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T 1774:1795 nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. 27126251 0 81 theme torta 29:33 arg1 nov. 40:43 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 16:43 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 16:43 Descriptions of Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 11 82 theme torta 1451:1455 arg1 sp 1468:1469 sp 1468:1469 sp 1468:1469 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 11 82 theme torta 1451:1455 arg1 nov. 1462:1465 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 1438:1465 Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 1438:1465 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 0 83 theme nov. 40:43 arg1 Descriptions 0:11 Descriptions 0:11 Descriptions of Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 0:43 Descriptions of Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 12 84 theme strain 1481:1486 arg1 FH052T 1488:1493 strain FH052T 1481:1493 strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) 1481:1519 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 12 84 theme strain 1481:1486 arg1 100431T 1512:1518 =JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T 1496:1518 =JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T 1496:1518 nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 27126251 0 85 dep sp 46:47 arg1 Descriptions 0:11 Descriptions 0:11 Descriptions of Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov. 0:43 Descriptions of Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 9 86 theme  0 861:862 arg1 dimethylacetal 864:877  0 dimethylacetal 861:877 C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal 847:877 The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 27126251 2 87 theme cattle 149:154 arg1 waste 156:160 cattle waste 149:160 cattle waste 149:160 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 10 88 theme sequence 944:951 arg1 similarity 953:962 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 930:962 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains 930:986 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 13 89 theme 30819T=DSM 1599:1608 arg1 100423T 1610:1616 =JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T 1594:1616 =JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T 1594:1616 nov. for strain SN021T (=JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T). 27126251 13 89 theme 30819T=DSM 1599:1608 arg1 SN021T 1586:1591 strain SN021T 1579:1591 strain SN021T (=JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T) 1579:1617 nov. for strain SN021T (=JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T). 27126251 2 90 theme aminovalericum 198:211 arg1 reclassification 166:181 reclassification 166:181 reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species 166:287 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 2 90 theme aminovalericum 198:211 arg1 reactor 138:144 a methanogenic reactor 123:144 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 123:160 nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species. 27126251 10 91 theme % 1136:1136 arg1 xylanovorans 1081:1092 Clostridium xylanovorans 1069:1092 Clostridium xylanovorans 1069:1092 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 91 theme % 1136:1136 arg1 jejuense 1059:1066 Clostridium jejuense 1047:1066 Clostridium jejuense 1047:1066 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 91 theme % 1136:1136 arg1 similarity 1147:1156 92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity 1126:1156 92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity 1126:1156 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 91 theme % 1136:1136 arg1 aminovalericum 1110:1123 Clostridium aminovalericum 1098:1123 Clostridium aminovalericum 1098:1123 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 10 91 theme % 1136:1136 arg1 species 1031:1037 closely related species 1015:1037 closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity) 1015:1157 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6-95.7 % sequence similarity). 27126251 11 92 theme family 1378:1383 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 1385:1399 the family Lachnospiraceae 1374:1399 the family Lachnospiraceae 1374:1399 Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium, and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. 27126251 8 93 theme genomic 700:706 arg1 % 738:738 47.2 mol% 730:738 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T 730:756 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 27126251 8 93 theme genomic 700:706 arg1 contents 716:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents 696:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents 696:723 The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. 24124666 7 0 theme accumulation 1577:1588 arg1 terms 1534:1538 terms 1534:1538 terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure 1534:1610 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 8 1 theme native 1729:1734 arg1 tissue 1736:1741 the native tissue 1725:1741 the native tissue in terms of structure and composition 1725:1779 Higher seeding densities and media containing sodium bicarbonate produced tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition. 24124666 3 2 theme suitable 690:697 arg1 cartilage 680:688 autogenous cartilage 669:688 autogenous cartilage suitable for implantation 669:714 Alternatively, tissue engineering can offer the potential to grow autogenous cartilage suitable for implantation. 24124666 2 3 theme few 374:376 arg1 approaches 387:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 3 theme few 374:376 arg1 grafts 477:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 3 theme few 374:376 arg1 implants 435:442 alloplastic implants 423:442 alloplastic implants 423:442 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 7 4 theme extracellular 1556:1568 arg1 accumulation 1577:1588 extracellular matrix accumulation 1556:1588 extracellular matrix accumulation 1556:1588 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 7 5 theme tissue 1513:1518 arg1 constructs 1520:1529 engineered elastic tissue constructs 1494:1529 engineered elastic tissue constructs 1494:1529 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 7 6 theme cellularity 1543:1553 arg1 terms 1534:1538 terms 1534:1538 terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure 1534:1610 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 4 7 theme tissue 866:871 arg1 quantities 852:861 sufficient quantities 841:861 sufficient quantities of tissue for reconstruction 841:890 While tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs can be created, a substantial number of cells are required to generate sufficient quantities of tissue for reconstruction. 24124666 7 8 theme engineered 1494:1503 arg1 constructs 1520:1529 engineered elastic tissue constructs 1494:1529 engineered elastic tissue constructs 1494:1529 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 2 9 theme tissue 289:294 arg1 vascularization 296:310 tissue vascularization 289:310 tissue vascularization 289:310 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 1 10 theme difficult 199:207 arg1 problems 209:216 the most difficult problems 190:216 the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery 190:268 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 9 11 theme Future 1782:1787 arg1 studies 1789:1795 Future studies 1782:1795 Future studies 1782:1795 Future studies will be aimed at improving the accumulation of specific tissue constituents and determining the clinical effectiveness of this approach using a reconstructive animal model. 24124666 6 12 theme donor 1172:1176 arg1 cells 1178:1182 rabbit donor cells 1165:1182 rabbit donor cells 1165:1182 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 8 13 from tissue 1736:1741 arg1 terms 1746:1750 terms 1746:1750 terms of structure and composition 1746:1779 Higher seeding densities and media containing sodium bicarbonate produced tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition. 24124666 6 14 theme auricular 1290:1298 arg1 cartilage 1300:1308 native auricular cartilage 1283:1308 native auricular cartilage 1283:1308 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 2 15 dep microtia 592:599 arg1 e.g. 586:589 e.g. 586:589 e.g. 586:589 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 1 16 theme autologous 148:157 arg1 cartilage 159:167 autologous cartilage 148:167 autologous cartilage 148:167 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 2 17 theme traumatic 548:556 arg1 loss 558:561 traumatic loss 548:561 traumatic loss 548:561 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 7 18 theme profound 1457:1464 arg1 effects 1466:1472 profound effects 1457:1472 profound effects 1457:1472 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 1 19 theme plastic 235:241 arg1 fields 225:230 the fields 221:230 the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery 221:268 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 6 20 theme similar 1272:1278 arg1 development 1325:1335 the development 1321:1335 the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions 1321:1392 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 6 20 theme similar 1272:1278 arg1 characteristics 1256:1270 structural-like characteristics 1240:1270 structural-like characteristics 1240:1270 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 4 21 theme tissue-engineered 723:739 arg1 constructs 759:768 tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs 723:768 tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs 723:768 While tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs can be created, a substantial number of cells are required to generate sufficient quantities of tissue for reconstruction. 24124666 6 22 theme perichondrium-like 1367:1384 arg1 regions 1386:1392 distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions 1340:1392 distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions 1340:1392 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 5 23 theme negative 941:948 arg1 effects 950:956 negative effects 941:956 negative effects on chondrocyte function 941:980 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 2 24 theme absence 577:583 arg1 auricle 514:520 the auricle 510:520 the auricle (or pinna) 510:531 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 24 theme absence 577:583 arg1 result 538:543 a result 536:543 a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia) 536:600 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 6 25 theme structural-like 1240:1254 arg1 development 1325:1335 the development 1321:1335 the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions 1321:1392 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 6 25 theme structural-like 1240:1254 arg1 characteristics 1256:1270 structural-like characteristics 1240:1270 structural-like characteristics 1240:1270 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 4 26 theme cartilage 749:757 arg1 constructs 759:768 tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs 723:768 tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs 723:768 While tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs can be created, a substantial number of cells are required to generate sufficient quantities of tissue for reconstruction. 24124666 6 27 theme cartilaginous 1349:1361 arg1 regions 1386:1392 distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions 1340:1392 distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions 1340:1392 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 6 28 theme developed 1189:1197 arg1 constructs 1221:1230 the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs 1185:1230 the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs 1185:1230 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 1 29 from problems 209:216 arg1 fields 225:230 the fields 221:230 the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery 221:268 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 7 30 from formation 1481:1489 arg1 terms 1534:1538 terms 1534:1538 terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure 1534:1610 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 9 31 theme specific 1844:1851 arg1 constituents 1860:1871 specific tissue constituents 1844:1871 specific tissue constituents 1844:1871 Future studies will be aimed at improving the accumulation of specific tissue constituents and determining the clinical effectiveness of this approach using a reconstructive animal model. 24124666 5 32 theme cell 915:918 arg1 expansion 920:928 routine cell expansion 907:928 routine cell expansion 907:928 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 9 33 theme constituents 1860:1871 arg1 accumulation 1828:1839 the accumulation 1824:1839 the accumulation of specific tissue constituents 1824:1871 Future studies will be aimed at improving the accumulation of specific tissue constituents and determining the clinical effectiveness of this approach using a reconstructive animal model. 24124666 0 34 theme auricular 94:102 arg1 cartilage 104:112 auricular cartilage 94:112 auricular cartilage 94:112 Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilage. 24124666 9 35 theme clinical 1893:1900 arg1 effectiveness 1902:1914 the clinical effectiveness 1889:1914 the clinical effectiveness of this approach using a reconstructive animal model 1889:1967 Future studies will be aimed at improving the accumulation of specific tissue constituents and determining the clinical effectiveness of this approach using a reconstructive animal model. 24124666 2 36 theme alloplastic 423:433 arg1 approaches 387:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 36 theme alloplastic 423:433 arg1 implants 435:442 alloplastic implants 423:442 alloplastic implants 423:442 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 5 37 theme donor 1114:1118 arg1 cells 1120:1124 donor cells 1114:1124 donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct) 1114:1156 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 5 37 theme donor 1114:1118 arg1 cells/construct 1141:1155 20,000-40,000 cells/construct 1127:1155 20,000-40,000 cells/construct 1127:1155 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 5 38 from effects 950:956 arg1 function 973:980 chondrocyte function 961:980 chondrocyte function 961:980 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 8 39 theme seeding 1620:1626 arg1 densities 1628:1636 Higher seeding densities 1613:1636 Higher seeding densities 1613:1636 Higher seeding densities and media containing sodium bicarbonate produced tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition. 24124666 1 40 theme External 115:122 arg1 reconstruction 128:141 External ear reconstruction 115:141 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage 115:167 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 9 41 theme approach 1924:1931 arg1 effectiveness 1902:1914 the clinical effectiveness 1889:1914 the clinical effectiveness of this approach using a reconstructive animal model 1889:1967 Future studies will be aimed at improving the accumulation of specific tissue constituents and determining the clinical effectiveness of this approach using a reconstructive animal model. 24124666 2 42 theme autologous 456:465 arg1 approaches 387:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 42 theme autologous 456:465 arg1 grafts 477:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 0 43 theme scaffold-free 15:27 arg1 constructs 51:60 scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs 15:60 scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs 15:60 Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilage. 24124666 0 44 theme cartilaginous 37:49 arg1 constructs 51:60 scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs 15:60 scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs 15:60 Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilage. 24124666 9 45 theme animal 1956:1961 arg1 model 1963:1967 a reconstructive animal model 1939:1967 a reconstructive animal model 1939:1967 Future studies will be aimed at improving the accumulation of specific tissue constituents and determining the clinical effectiveness of this approach using a reconstructive animal model. 24124666 7 46 theme tissue 1595:1600 arg1 structure 1602:1610 tissue structure 1595:1610 tissue structure 1595:1610 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 8 47 theme tissue 1687:1692 arg1 constructs 1694:1703 tissue constructs 1687:1703 tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition 1687:1779 Higher seeding densities and media containing sodium bicarbonate produced tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition. 24124666 4 48 theme cells 810:814 arg1 number 800:805 a substantial number 786:805 a substantial number of cells 786:814 While tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs can be created, a substantial number of cells are required to generate sufficient quantities of tissue for reconstruction. 24124666 0 49 with Development 0:10 arg1 similarities 78:89 structural similarities 67:89 structural similarities to auricular cartilage 67:112 Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilage. 24124666 8 50 theme structure 1755:1763 arg1 terms 1746:1750 terms 1746:1750 terms of structure and composition 1746:1779 Higher seeding densities and media containing sodium bicarbonate produced tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition. 24124666 1 51 theme surgery 262:268 arg1 fields 225:230 the fields 221:230 the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery 221:268 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 7 52 theme matrix 1570:1575 arg1 accumulation 1577:1588 extracellular matrix accumulation 1556:1588 extracellular matrix accumulation 1556:1588 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 5 53 theme engineered 1037:1046 arg1 constructs 1056:1065 large-sized engineered auricle constructs 1025:1065 large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) 1025:1076 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 5 53 theme engineered 1037:1046 arg1 ≥3 cm 1068:1072 ≥3 cm(2) 1068:1075 ≥3 cm(2) 1068:1075 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 7 54 from alterations 1400:1410 arg1 media 1415:1419 media composition and seeding density 1415:1451 media composition and seeding density 1415:1451 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 7 54 from alterations 1400:1410 arg1 composition 1421:1431 composition 1421:1431 composition 1421:1431 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 7 54 from alterations 1400:1410 arg1 density 1445:1451 seeding density 1437:1451 seeding density 1437:1451 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 6 55 theme distinct 1340:1347 arg1 regions 1386:1392 distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions 1340:1392 distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions 1340:1392 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 2 56 theme surgical 378:385 arg1 approaches 387:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 56 theme surgical 378:385 arg1 grafts 477:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 56 theme surgical 378:385 arg1 implants 435:442 alloplastic implants 423:442 alloplastic implants 423:442 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 8 57 theme composition 1769:1779 arg1 terms 1746:1750 terms 1746:1750 terms of structure and composition 1746:1779 Higher seeding densities and media containing sodium bicarbonate produced tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition. 24124666 7 58 contain had 1453:1455 arg2 effects 1466:1472 profound effects 1457:1472 profound effects 1457:1472 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 7 58 contain had 1453:1455 arg1 alterations 1400:1410 Both alterations 1395:1410 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density 1395:1451 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 7 59 theme constructs 1520:1529 arg1 formation 1481:1489 the formation 1477:1489 the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure 1477:1610 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 2 60 theme vascularization 296:310 arg1 absence 278:284 the absence 274:284 the absence of tissue vascularization 274:310 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 7 61 theme elastic 1505:1511 arg1 constructs 1520:1529 engineered elastic tissue constructs 1494:1529 engineered elastic tissue constructs 1494:1529 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 2 62 theme new 344:346 arg1 growth 355:360 new tissue growth 344:360 new tissue growth 344:360 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 1 63 theme problems 209:216 arg1 problems 209:216 the most difficult problems 190:216 the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery 190:268 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 1 63 theme problems 209:216 arg1 one 183:185 one 183:185 one 183:185 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 1 64 with reconstruction 128:141 arg1 cartilage 159:167 autologous cartilage 148:167 autologous cartilage 148:167 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 6 65 theme rabbit 1165:1170 arg1 cells 1178:1182 rabbit donor cells 1165:1182 rabbit donor cells 1165:1182 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 7 66 dep media 1415:1419 arg1 media 1415:1419 media composition and seeding density 1415:1451 media composition and seeding density 1415:1451 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 7 66 dep media 1415:1419 arg1 composition 1421:1431 composition 1421:1431 composition 1421:1431 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 7 66 dep media 1415:1419 arg1 density 1445:1451 seeding density 1437:1451 seeding density 1437:1451 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 2 67 theme loss 558:561 arg1 auricle 514:520 the auricle 510:520 the auricle (or pinna) 510:531 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 67 theme loss 558:561 arg1 result 538:543 a result 536:543 a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia) 536:600 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 6 68 theme regions 1386:1392 arg1 development 1325:1335 the development 1321:1335 the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions 1321:1392 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 5 69 theme small 1094:1098 arg1 population 1100:1109 a small population 1092:1109 a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct) 1092:1156 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 2 70 dep available 412:420 arg1 approaches 387:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 70 dep available 412:420 arg1 grafts 477:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 70 dep available 412:420 arg1 implants 435:442 alloplastic implants 423:442 alloplastic implants 423:442 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 3 71 theme tissue 618:623 arg1 engineering 625:635 tissue engineering 618:635 tissue engineering 618:635 Alternatively, tissue engineering can offer the potential to grow autogenous cartilage suitable for implantation. 24124666 2 72 theme congenital 566:575 arg1 absence 577:583 congenital absence 566:583 congenital absence (e.g., microtia) 566:600 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 72 theme congenital 566:575 arg1 microtia 592:599 microtia 592:599 microtia 592:599 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 7 73 theme seeding 1437:1443 arg1 media 1415:1419 media composition and seeding density 1415:1451 media composition and seeding density 1415:1451 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 7 73 theme seeding 1437:1443 arg1 density 1445:1451 seeding density 1437:1451 seeding density 1437:1451 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 8 74 contain containing 1648:1657 arg1 media 1642:1646 media 1642:1646 media containing sodium bicarbonate 1642:1676 Higher seeding densities and media containing sodium bicarbonate produced tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition. 24124666 8 74 contain containing 1648:1657 arg2 bicarbonate 1666:1676 sodium bicarbonate 1659:1676 sodium bicarbonate 1659:1676 Higher seeding densities and media containing sodium bicarbonate produced tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition. 24124666 4 75 theme auricle 741:747 arg1 constructs 759:768 tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs 723:768 tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs 723:768 While tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs can be created, a substantial number of cells are required to generate sufficient quantities of tissue for reconstruction. 24124666 5 76 theme routine 907:913 arg1 expansion 920:928 routine cell expansion 907:928 routine cell expansion 907:928 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 9 77 theme tissue 1853:1858 arg1 constituents 1860:1871 specific tissue constituents 1844:1871 specific tissue constituents 1844:1871 Future studies will be aimed at improving the accumulation of specific tissue constituents and determining the clinical effectiveness of this approach using a reconstructive animal model. 24124666 6 78 theme bioreactor-cultivated 1199:1219 arg1 constructs 1221:1230 the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs 1185:1230 the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs 1185:1230 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 8 79 theme Higher 1613:1618 arg1 densities 1628:1636 Higher seeding densities 1613:1636 Higher seeding densities 1613:1636 Higher seeding densities and media containing sodium bicarbonate produced tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition. 24124666 4 80 theme substantial 788:798 arg1 number 800:805 a substantial number 786:805 a substantial number of cells 786:814 While tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs can be created, a substantial number of cells are required to generate sufficient quantities of tissue for reconstruction. 24124666 5 81 theme cells 1120:1124 arg1 population 1100:1109 a small population 1092:1109 a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct) 1092:1156 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 5 82 theme chondrocyte 961:971 arg1 function 973:980 chondrocyte function 961:980 chondrocyte function 961:980 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 0 83 theme elastic 29:35 arg1 constructs 51:60 scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs 15:60 scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs 15:60 Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilage. 24124666 1 84 theme ear 124:126 arg1 reconstruction 128:141 External ear reconstruction 115:141 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage 115:167 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 6 85 theme native 1283:1288 arg1 cartilage 1300:1308 native auricular cartilage 1283:1308 native auricular cartilage 1283:1308 Using rabbit donor cells, the developed bioreactor-cultivated constructs adopted structural-like characteristics similar to native auricular cartilage, including the development of distinct cartilaginous and perichondrium-like regions. 24124666 2 86 theme cartilage 467:475 arg1 approaches 387:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 86 theme cartilage 467:475 arg1 grafts 477:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 8 87 theme sodium 1659:1664 arg1 bicarbonate 1666:1676 sodium bicarbonate 1659:1676 sodium bicarbonate 1659:1676 Higher seeding densities and media containing sodium bicarbonate produced tissue constructs that were closer to the native tissue in terms of structure and composition. 24124666 2 88 theme sculpted 447:454 arg1 approaches 387:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 relatively few surgical approaches 363:396 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 2 88 theme sculpted 447:454 arg1 grafts 477:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 sculpted autologous cartilage grafts 447:482 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 0 89 theme constructs 51:60 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilage. 0:113 Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilage. 24124666 5 90 theme auricle 1048:1054 arg1 constructs 1056:1065 large-sized engineered auricle constructs 1025:1065 large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) 1025:1076 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 5 90 theme auricle 1048:1054 arg1 ≥3 cm 1068:1072 ≥3 cm(2) 1068:1075 ≥3 cm(2) 1068:1075 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 9 91 theme reconstructive 1941:1954 arg1 model 1963:1967 a reconstructive animal model 1939:1967 a reconstructive animal model 1939:1967 Future studies will be aimed at improving the accumulation of specific tissue constituents and determining the clinical effectiveness of this approach using a reconstructive animal model. 24124666 0 92 theme structural 67:76 arg1 similarities 78:89 structural similarities 67:89 structural similarities to auricular cartilage 67:112 Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilage. 24124666 3 93 theme autogenous 669:678 arg1 cartilage 680:688 autogenous cartilage 669:688 autogenous cartilage suitable for implantation 669:714 Alternatively, tissue engineering can offer the potential to grow autogenous cartilage suitable for implantation. 24124666 4 94 theme sufficient 841:850 arg1 quantities 852:861 sufficient quantities 841:861 sufficient quantities of tissue for reconstruction 841:890 While tissue-engineered auricle cartilage constructs can be created, a substantial number of cells are required to generate sufficient quantities of tissue for reconstruction. 24124666 7 95 theme structure 1602:1610 arg1 terms 1534:1538 terms 1534:1538 terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure 1534:1610 Both alterations in media composition and seeding density had profound effects on the formation of engineered elastic tissue constructs in terms of cellularity, extracellular matrix accumulation, and tissue structure. 24124666 2 96 theme tissue 348:353 arg1 growth 355:360 new tissue growth 344:360 new tissue growth 344:360 As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new tissue growth, relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle (or pinna) as a result of traumatic loss or congenital absence (e.g., microtia). 24124666 1 97 theme reconstructive 247:260 arg1 surgery 262:268 reconstructive surgery 247:268 reconstructive surgery 247:268 External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. 24124666 5 98 theme large-sized 1025:1035 arg1 constructs 1056:1065 large-sized engineered auricle constructs 1025:1065 large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) 1025:1076 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 24124666 5 98 theme large-sized 1025:1035 arg1 ≥3 cm 1068:1072 ≥3 cm(2) 1068:1075 ≥3 cm(2) 1068:1075 Similarly, as routine cell expansion can elicit negative effects on chondrocyte function, we have developed an approach to generate large-sized engineered auricle constructs (≥3 cm(2)) directly from a small population of donor cells (20,000-40,000 cells/construct). 26303108 6 0 theme acid 992:995 arg1 administration 904:917 Oral administration 899:917 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor 899:942 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 6 0 theme acid 992:995 arg1 levels 952:957 low levels 948:957 low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 948:995 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 7 1 theme new 1104:1106 arg1 perspectives 1108:1119 new perspectives 1104:1119 new perspectives for the treatment of intestinal inflammation 1104:1164 Regulation of sialic acid catabolism opens new perspectives for the treatment of intestinal inflammation as manifested by E. coli dysbiosis. 26303108 6 2 theme intestinal 962:971 arg1 acid 992:995 intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 962:995 intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 962:995 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 6 3 theme sialic 985:990 arg1 acid 992:995 intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 962:995 intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 962:995 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 6 4 theme α2,3-linked 973:983 arg1 acid 992:995 intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 962:995 intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 962:995 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 7 5 theme E. 1183:1184 arg1 dysbiosis 1191:1199 E. coli dysbiosis 1183:1199 E. coli dysbiosis 1183:1199 Regulation of sialic acid catabolism opens new perspectives for the treatment of intestinal inflammation as manifested by E. coli dysbiosis. 26303108 2 6 dep coli 382:385 arg1 coli 391:394 E. coli 388:394 E. coli 388:394 Here we demonstrate that an increased caecal sialidase activity is critical in conferring a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice. 26303108 4 7 theme sialic 642:647 arg1 acid 649:652 sialic acid 642:652 sialic acid from intestinal tissue 642:675 Increased sialidase activity mediates the release of sialic acid from intestinal tissue, which promotes the outgrowth of E. coli during inflammation. 26303108 5 8 theme intestinal 871:880 arg1 cells 892:896 intestinal dendritic cells 871:896 intestinal dendritic cells 871:896 The outburst of E. coli likely exacerbates the inflammatory response by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by intestinal dendritic cells. 26303108 7 9 theme coli 1186:1189 arg1 dysbiosis 1191:1199 E. coli dysbiosis 1183:1199 E. coli dysbiosis 1183:1199 Regulation of sialic acid catabolism opens new perspectives for the treatment of intestinal inflammation as manifested by E. coli dysbiosis. 26303108 4 10 from release 631:637 arg1 tissue 670:675 intestinal tissue 659:675 intestinal tissue 659:675 Increased sialidase activity mediates the release of sialic acid from intestinal tissue, which promotes the outgrowth of E. coli during inflammation. 26303108 3 11 theme sulphate 557:564 arg1 administration 573:586 dextran sulphate sodium administration 549:586 dextran sulphate sodium administration 549:586 This sialidase activity originates among others from Bacteroides vulgatus, whose intestinal levels expand after dextran sulphate sodium administration. 26303108 2 12 theme intestinal 404:413 arg1 inflammation 415:426 intestinal inflammation 404:426 intestinal inflammation in mice 404:434 Here we demonstrate that an increased caecal sialidase activity is critical in conferring a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice. 26303108 5 13 theme inflammatory 786:797 arg1 response 799:806 the inflammatory response 782:806 the inflammatory response 782:806 The outburst of E. coli likely exacerbates the inflammatory response by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by intestinal dendritic cells. 26303108 0 14 from inflammation 41:52 arg1 mice 81:84 mice 81:84 mice 81:84 Sialic acid catabolism drives intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in mice. 26303108 3 15 from vulgatus 502:509 arg1 others 478:483 others 478:483 others 478:483 This sialidase activity originates among others from Bacteroides vulgatus, whose intestinal levels expand after dextran sulphate sodium administration. 26303108 3 16 theme sodium 566:571 arg1 administration 573:586 dextran sulphate sodium administration 549:586 dextran sulphate sodium administration 549:586 This sialidase activity originates among others from Bacteroides vulgatus, whose intestinal levels expand after dextran sulphate sodium administration. 26303108 6 17 link α2,3-linked 973:983 arg1 acid 992:995 intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 962:995 intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 962:995 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 0 18 theme acid 7:10 arg1 catabolism 12:21 Sialic acid catabolism 0:21 Sialic acid catabolism 0:21 Sialic acid catabolism drives intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in mice. 26303108 6 19 theme low 948:950 arg1 levels 952:957 low levels 948:957 low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 948:995 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 7 20 theme inflammation 1153:1164 arg1 treatment 1129:1137 the treatment 1125:1137 the treatment of intestinal inflammation 1125:1164 Regulation of sialic acid catabolism opens new perspectives for the treatment of intestinal inflammation as manifested by E. coli dysbiosis. 26303108 6 21 theme colitis 1044:1050 arg1 outgrowth 1014:1022 E. coli outgrowth 1006:1022 E. coli outgrowth 1006:1022 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 6 21 theme colitis 1044:1050 arg1 severity 1032:1039 the severity 1028:1039 the severity of colitis in mice 1028:1058 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 1 22 theme Rapid 87:91 arg1 shifts 93:98 Rapid shifts 87:98 Rapid shifts in microbial composition 87:123 Rapid shifts in microbial composition frequently occur during intestinal inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying such changes remain elusive. 26303108 4 23 theme coli 713:716 arg1 outgrowth 697:705 the outgrowth 693:705 the outgrowth of E. coli 693:716 Increased sialidase activity mediates the release of sialic acid from intestinal tissue, which promotes the outgrowth of E. coli during inflammation. 26303108 0 24 theme Sialic 0:5 arg1 catabolism 12:21 Sialic acid catabolism 0:21 Sialic acid catabolism 0:21 Sialic acid catabolism drives intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in mice. 26303108 4 25 theme sialidase 599:607 arg1 activity 609:616 Increased sialidase activity 589:616 Increased sialidase activity 589:616 Increased sialidase activity mediates the release of sialic acid from intestinal tissue, which promotes the outgrowth of E. coli during inflammation. 26303108 2 26 theme growth 325:330 arg1 advantage 332:340 a growth advantage 323:340 a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice 323:434 Here we demonstrate that an increased caecal sialidase activity is critical in conferring a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice. 26303108 3 27 theme sialidase 442:450 arg1 activity 452:459 This sialidase activity 437:459 This sialidase activity 437:459 This sialidase activity originates among others from Bacteroides vulgatus, whose intestinal levels expand after dextran sulphate sodium administration. 26303108 5 28 theme dendritic 882:890 arg1 cells 892:896 intestinal dendritic cells 871:896 intestinal dendritic cells 871:896 The outburst of E. coli likely exacerbates the inflammatory response by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by intestinal dendritic cells. 26303108 4 29 theme Increased 589:597 arg1 activity 609:616 Increased sialidase activity 589:616 Increased sialidase activity 589:616 Increased sialidase activity mediates the release of sialic acid from intestinal tissue, which promotes the outgrowth of E. coli during inflammation. 26303108 6 30 from severity 1032:1039 arg1 mice 1055:1058 mice 1055:1058 mice 1055:1058 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 7 31 theme intestinal 1142:1151 arg1 inflammation 1153:1164 intestinal inflammation 1142:1164 intestinal inflammation 1142:1164 Regulation of sialic acid catabolism opens new perspectives for the treatment of intestinal inflammation as manifested by E. coli dysbiosis. 26303108 1 32 theme microbial 103:111 arg1 composition 113:123 microbial composition 103:123 microbial composition 103:123 Rapid shifts in microbial composition frequently occur during intestinal inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying such changes remain elusive. 26303108 6 33 theme inhibitor 934:942 arg1 administration 904:917 Oral administration 899:917 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor 899:942 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 6 33 theme inhibitor 934:942 arg1 levels 952:957 low levels 948:957 low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid 948:995 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 1 34 theme such 204:207 arg1 changes 209:215 such changes 204:215 such changes 204:215 Rapid shifts in microbial composition frequently occur during intestinal inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying such changes remain elusive. 26303108 0 35 theme intestinal 30:39 arg1 inflammation 41:52 intestinal inflammation 30:52 intestinal inflammation 30:52 Sialic acid catabolism drives intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in mice. 26303108 5 36 theme coli 758:761 arg1 outburst 743:750 The outburst 739:750 The outburst of E. coli 739:761 The outburst of E. coli likely exacerbates the inflammatory response by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by intestinal dendritic cells. 26303108 6 37 theme sialidase 924:932 arg1 inhibitor 934:942 a sialidase inhibitor 922:942 a sialidase inhibitor 922:942 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 7 38 theme acid 1082:1085 arg1 catabolism 1087:1096 sialic acid catabolism 1075:1096 sialic acid catabolism 1075:1096 Regulation of sialic acid catabolism opens new perspectives for the treatment of intestinal inflammation as manifested by E. coli dysbiosis. 26303108 0 39 theme microbial 58:66 arg1 dysbiosis 68:76 microbial dysbiosis 58:76 microbial dysbiosis 58:76 Sialic acid catabolism drives intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in mice. 26303108 6 40 dep E. 1006:1007 arg1 coli 1009:1012 coli 1009:1012 coli 1009:1012 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 0 41 from dysbiosis 68:76 arg1 mice 81:84 mice 81:84 mice 81:84 Sialic acid catabolism drives intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in mice. 26303108 7 42 theme catabolism 1087:1096 arg1 Regulation 1061:1070 Regulation 1061:1070 Regulation of sialic acid catabolism 1061:1096 Regulation of sialic acid catabolism opens new perspectives for the treatment of intestinal inflammation as manifested by E. coli dysbiosis. 26303108 5 43 theme cytokines 858:866 arg1 production 827:836 the production 823:836 the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by intestinal dendritic cells 823:896 The outburst of E. coli likely exacerbates the inflammatory response by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by intestinal dendritic cells. 26303108 3 44 theme intestinal 518:527 arg1 levels 529:534 intestinal levels 518:534 intestinal levels 518:534 This sialidase activity originates among others from Bacteroides vulgatus, whose intestinal levels expand after dextran sulphate sodium administration. 26303108 6 45 theme E. 1006:1007 arg1 outgrowth 1014:1022 E. coli outgrowth 1006:1022 E. coli outgrowth 1006:1022 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 2 46 theme sialidase 278:286 arg1 critical 300:307 critical 300:307 critical 300:307 Here we demonstrate that an increased caecal sialidase activity is critical in conferring a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice. 26303108 2 46 theme sialidase 278:286 arg1 activity 288:295 an increased caecal sialidase activity 258:295 an increased caecal sialidase activity 258:295 Here we demonstrate that an increased caecal sialidase activity is critical in conferring a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice. 26303108 7 47 theme sialic 1075:1080 arg1 catabolism 1087:1096 sialic acid catabolism 1075:1096 sialic acid catabolism 1075:1096 Regulation of sialic acid catabolism opens new perspectives for the treatment of intestinal inflammation as manifested by E. coli dysbiosis. 26303108 6 48 from outgrowth 1014:1022 arg1 mice 1055:1058 mice 1055:1058 mice 1055:1058 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 6 49 theme Oral 899:902 arg1 administration 904:917 Oral administration 899:917 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor 899:942 Oral administration of a sialidase inhibitor and low levels of intestinal α2,3-linked sialic acid decrease E. coli outgrowth and the severity of colitis in mice. 26303108 2 50 theme caecal 271:276 arg1 critical 300:307 critical 300:307 critical 300:307 Here we demonstrate that an increased caecal sialidase activity is critical in conferring a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice. 26303108 2 50 theme caecal 271:276 arg1 activity 288:295 an increased caecal sialidase activity 258:295 an increased caecal sialidase activity 258:295 Here we demonstrate that an increased caecal sialidase activity is critical in conferring a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice. 26303108 4 51 theme acid 649:652 arg1 release 631:637 the release 627:637 the release 627:637 Increased sialidase activity mediates the release of sialic acid from intestinal tissue, which promotes the outgrowth of E. coli during inflammation. 26303108 4 52 from tissue 670:675 arg1 release 631:637 the release 627:637 the release 627:637 Increased sialidase activity mediates the release of sialic acid from intestinal tissue, which promotes the outgrowth of E. coli during inflammation. 26303108 4 52 from tissue 670:675 arg1 acid 649:652 sialic acid 642:652 sialic acid from intestinal tissue 642:675 Increased sialidase activity mediates the release of sialic acid from intestinal tissue, which promotes the outgrowth of E. coli during inflammation. 26303108 2 53 theme increased 261:269 arg1 critical 300:307 critical 300:307 critical 300:307 Here we demonstrate that an increased caecal sialidase activity is critical in conferring a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice. 26303108 2 53 theme increased 261:269 arg1 activity 288:295 an increased caecal sialidase activity 258:295 an increased caecal sialidase activity 258:295 Here we demonstrate that an increased caecal sialidase activity is critical in conferring a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice. 26303108 2 54 from inflammation 415:426 arg1 mice 431:434 mice 431:434 mice 431:434 Here we demonstrate that an increased caecal sialidase activity is critical in conferring a growth advantage for some bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) during intestinal inflammation in mice. 26303108 1 55 theme intestinal 149:158 arg1 inflammation 160:171 intestinal inflammation 149:171 intestinal inflammation 149:171 Rapid shifts in microbial composition frequently occur during intestinal inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying such changes remain elusive. 26303108 1 56 from shifts 93:98 arg1 composition 113:123 microbial composition 103:123 microbial composition 103:123 Rapid shifts in microbial composition frequently occur during intestinal inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying such changes remain elusive. 26303108 5 57 theme pro-inflammatory 841:856 arg1 cytokines 858:866 pro-inflammatory cytokines 841:866 pro-inflammatory cytokines 841:866 The outburst of E. coli likely exacerbates the inflammatory response by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by intestinal dendritic cells. 26303108 3 58 theme dextran 549:555 arg1 administration 573:586 dextran sulphate sodium administration 549:586 dextran sulphate sodium administration 549:586 This sialidase activity originates among others from Bacteroides vulgatus, whose intestinal levels expand after dextran sulphate sodium administration. 26303108 4 59 theme intestinal 659:668 arg1 tissue 670:675 intestinal tissue 659:675 intestinal tissue 659:675 Increased sialidase activity mediates the release of sialic acid from intestinal tissue, which promotes the outgrowth of E. coli during inflammation. 28493148 7 0 theme enrichment 1223:1232 arg1 cultures 1234:1241 the enrichment cultures 1219:1241 the enrichment cultures 1219:1241 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 4 1 from composition 857:867 arg1 sample 802:807 sample II 802:810 sample II 802:810 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 4 1 from composition 857:867 arg1 samples 877:883 both samples 872:883 both samples 872:883 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 4 2 theme community 847:855 arg1 composition 857:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition 817:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples 817:883 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 5 3 from abundant 1056:1063 arg1 particular 889:898 particular 889:898 particular 889:898 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 4 4 theme archaeal 838:845 arg1 composition 857:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition 817:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples 817:883 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 1 5 theme hyperthermophilic 152:168 arg1 microorganisms 170:183 hyperthermophilic microorganisms 152:183 hyperthermophilic microorganisms 152:183 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 6 with vents 327:331 arg1 temperatures 349:360 temperatures 349:360 temperatures of 100 °C 349:370 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 7 theme sediment 252:259 arg1 samples 271:277 sediment and water samples 252:277 samples 271:277 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 4 8 from abundance 748:756 arg1 sample 802:807 sample II 802:810 sample II 802:810 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 4 8 from abundance 748:756 arg1 samples 877:883 both samples 872:883 both samples 872:883 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 4 9 theme high 743:746 arg1 abundance 748:756 a high abundance 741:756 a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, 741:811 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 0 10 theme Vulcano 82:88 arg1 Island 90:95 Vulcano Island 82:95 Vulcano Island 82:95 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 28493148 3 11 theme combinatorial 698:710 arg1 approach 712:719 the combinatorial approach 694:719 the combinatorial approach 694:719 In addition, enrichment cultures, growing anaerobically on selected polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose, were also analyzed by the combinatorial approach. 28493148 5 12 theme Staphylothermus 955:969 arg1 strains 993:999 strains 993:999 strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum 993:1048 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 5 12 theme Staphylothermus 955:969 arg1 abundant 1056:1063 abundant 1056:1063 abundant 1056:1063 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 5 12 theme Staphylothermus 955:969 arg1 strains 905:911 the strains 901:911 the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus 901:986 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 1 13 theme water 265:269 arg1 samples 271:277 sediment and water samples 252:277 samples 271:277 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 2 14 theme sequencing 489:498 arg1 approach 414:421 A combinatorial approach 398:421 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing 398:498 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 6 15 theme bacterial 1080:1088 arg1 community 1090:1098 the bacterial community 1076:1098 the bacterial community 1076:1098 Regarding the bacterial community, ε-Proteobacteria, especially the genera Sulfurimonas and Sulfurovum, were highly abundant. 28493148 1 16 theme microorganisms 170:183 arg1 compositions 136:147 community compositions 126:147 community compositions 126:147 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 2 17 theme metagenomic 477:487 arg1 sequencing 489:498 metagenomic sequencing 477:498 metagenomic sequencing 477:498 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 5 18 theme Thermococcus 975:986 arg1 strains 993:999 strains 993:999 strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum 993:1048 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 5 18 theme Thermococcus 975:986 arg1 abundant 1056:1063 abundant 1056:1063 abundant 1056:1063 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 5 18 theme Thermococcus 975:986 arg1 strains 905:911 the strains 901:911 the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus 901:986 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 7 19 theme microbial 1196:1204 arg1 diversity 1206:1214 The microbial diversity 1192:1214 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures 1192:1241 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 7 20 theme cultures 1234:1241 arg1 diversity 1206:1214 The microbial diversity 1192:1214 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures 1192:1241 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 4 21 theme diverse 830:836 arg1 composition 857:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition 817:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples 817:883 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 4 22 theme comparable 819:828 arg1 composition 857:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition 817:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples 817:883 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 5 23 from particular 889:898 arg1 abundant 1056:1063 abundant 1056:1063 abundant 1056:1063 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 5 23 from particular 889:898 arg1 strains 905:911 the strains 901:911 the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus 901:986 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 1 24 theme 100 °C 365:370 arg1 temperatures 349:360 temperatures 349:360 temperatures of 100 °C 349:370 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 2 25 theme combinatorial 400:412 arg1 approach 414:421 A combinatorial approach 398:421 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing 398:498 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 7 26 dep genera 1322:1327 arg1 Thermococcus 1329:1340 genera Thermococcus 1322:1340 genera Thermococcus 1322:1340 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 7 26 dep genera 1322:1327 arg1 the 1318:1320 the 1318:1320 the 1318:1320 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 5 27 theme hyperthermophilic 920:936 arg1 Staphylothermus 955:969 the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus 916:969 the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus 916:969 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 5 28 theme genera 948:953 arg1 Staphylothermus 955:969 the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus 916:969 the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus 916:969 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 0 29 theme bacteria 13:20 arg1 Diversity 0:8 Diversity 0:8 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 0:96 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 28493148 1 30 dep vents 327:331 arg1 I 334:334 I 334:334 I 334:334 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 30 dep vents 327:331 arg1 vents 327:331 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents 295:331 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C 295:370 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 30 dep vents 327:331 arg1 II 340:341 II 340:341 II 340:341 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 2 31 theme community 523:531 arg1 analyses 533:540 microbial community analyses 513:540 microbial community analyses of the samples 513:555 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 5 32 theme anaerobic 938:946 arg1 Staphylothermus 955:969 the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus 916:969 the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus 916:969 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 2 33 theme gradient 437:444 arg1 DGGE 467:470 DGGE 467:470 DGGE 467:470 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 2 33 theme gradient 437:444 arg1 electrophoresis 450:464 denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis 426:464 denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 426:471 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 1 34 theme optimal 204:210 arg1 temperatures 219:230 optimal growth temperatures 204:230 optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C 204:239 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 2 35 theme electrophoresis 450:464 arg1 approach 414:421 A combinatorial approach 398:421 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing 398:498 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 6 36 theme genera 1134:1139 arg1 ε-Proteobacteria 1101:1116 ε-Proteobacteria 1101:1116 ε-Proteobacteria 1101:1116 Regarding the bacterial community, ε-Proteobacteria, especially the genera Sulfurimonas and Sulfurovum, were highly abundant. 28493148 6 36 theme genera 1134:1139 arg1 Sulfurimonas 1141:1152 genera Sulfurimonas 1134:1152 genera Sulfurimonas 1134:1152 Regarding the bacterial community, ε-Proteobacteria, especially the genera Sulfurimonas and Sulfurovum, were highly abundant. 28493148 2 37 theme microbial 513:521 arg1 analyses 533:540 microbial community analyses 513:540 microbial community analyses of the samples 513:555 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 0 38 from vents 71:75 arg1 Diversity 0:8 Diversity 0:8 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 0:96 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 28493148 7 39 theme selected 1399:1406 arg1 temperature 1408:1418 the selected temperature 1395:1418 the selected temperature 1395:1418 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 1 40 theme growth 212:217 arg1 temperatures 219:230 optimal growth temperatures 204:230 optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C 204:239 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 0 41 theme archaea 26:32 arg1 Diversity 0:8 Diversity 0:8 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 0:96 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 28493148 2 42 used used 504:507 arg2 approach 414:421 A combinatorial approach 398:421 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing 398:498 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 2 43 theme gel 446:448 arg1 DGGE 467:470 DGGE 467:470 DGGE 467:470 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 2 43 theme gel 446:448 arg1 electrophoresis 450:464 denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis 426:464 denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 426:471 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 3 44 theme enrichment 571:580 arg1 cultures 582:589 enrichment cultures 571:589 enrichment cultures 571:589 In addition, enrichment cultures, growing anaerobically on selected polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose, were also analyzed by the combinatorial approach. 28493148 0 45 theme shallow 43:49 arg1 vents 71:75 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents 39:75 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island 39:95 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 28493148 1 46 theme shallow 299:305 arg1 I 334:334 I 334:334 I 334:334 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 46 theme shallow 299:305 arg1 vents 327:331 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents 295:331 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C 295:370 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 46 theme shallow 299:305 arg1 II 340:341 II 340:341 II 340:341 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 47 theme Vulcano 375:381 arg1 Italy 391:395 Italy 391:395 Italy 391:395 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 47 theme Vulcano 375:381 arg1 Island 383:388 Vulcano Island 375:388 Vulcano Island 375:388 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 5 48 theme hyperthermophilic 1016:1032 arg1 genus 1034:1038 the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus 1004:1038 the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus 1004:1038 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 7 49 theme archaea 1296:1302 arg1 genera 1322:1327 genera Thermococcus 1322:1340 genera Thermococcus 1322:1340 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 7 49 theme archaea 1296:1302 arg1 Palaeococcus 1346:1357 Palaeococcus 1346:1357 Palaeococcus 1346:1357 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 7 49 theme archaea 1296:1302 arg1 dominance 1283:1291 a high dominance 1276:1291 a high dominance of archaea 1276:1302 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 2 50 theme denaturant 426:435 arg1 DGGE 467:470 DGGE 467:470 DGGE 467:470 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 2 50 theme denaturant 426:435 arg1 electrophoresis 450:464 denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis 426:464 denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 426:471 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 1 51 theme marine 307:312 arg1 I 334:334 I 334:334 I 334:334 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 51 theme marine 307:312 arg1 vents 327:331 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents 295:331 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C 295:370 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 51 theme marine 307:312 arg1 II 340:341 II 340:341 II 340:341 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 2 52 theme samples 549:555 arg1 analyses 533:540 microbial community analyses 513:540 microbial community analyses of the samples 513:555 A combinatorial approach of denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing was used for microbial community analyses of the samples. 28493148 3 53 theme selected 617:624 arg1 polysaccharides 626:640 selected polysaccharides 617:640 selected polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose 617:669 In addition, enrichment cultures, growing anaerobically on selected polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose, were also analyzed by the combinatorial approach. 28493148 3 53 theme selected 617:624 arg1 starch 650:655 starch 650:655 starch 650:655 In addition, enrichment cultures, growing anaerobically on selected polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose, were also analyzed by the combinatorial approach. 28493148 3 53 theme selected 617:624 arg1 cellulose 661:669 cellulose 661:669 cellulose 661:669 In addition, enrichment cultures, growing anaerobically on selected polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose, were also analyzed by the combinatorial approach. 28493148 5 54 theme genus 1034:1038 arg1 strains 993:999 strains 993:999 strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum 993:1048 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 5 54 theme genus 1034:1038 arg1 abundant 1056:1063 abundant 1056:1063 abundant 1056:1063 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 5 54 theme genus 1034:1038 arg1 strains 905:911 the strains 901:911 the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus 901:986 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 4 55 from sample 802:807 arg1 composition 857:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition 817:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples 817:883 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 4 55 from sample 802:807 arg1 abundance 748:756 a high abundance 741:756 a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, 741:811 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 1 56 theme new 108:110 arg1 insights 112:119 new insights 108:119 new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above 108:249 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 57 theme hydrothermal 314:325 arg1 I 334:334 I 334:334 I 334:334 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 57 theme hydrothermal 314:325 arg1 vents 327:331 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents 295:331 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C 295:370 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 1 57 theme hydrothermal 314:325 arg1 II 340:341 II 340:341 II 340:341 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 7 58 theme carbon 1377:1382 arg1 source 1384:1389 the carbon source 1373:1389 the carbon source 1373:1389 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 4 59 theme archaea 779:785 arg1 composition 857:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition 817:867 a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples 817:883 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 4 59 theme archaea 779:785 arg1 abundance 748:756 a high abundance 741:756 a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, 741:811 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 5 60 theme aerobic 1008:1014 arg1 genus 1034:1038 the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus 1004:1038 the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus 1004:1038 In particular, the strains of the hyperthermophilic anaerobic genera Staphylothermus and Thermococcus, and strains of the aerobic hyperthermophilic genus Aeropyrum, were abundant. 28493148 0 61 from Island 90:95 arg1 vents 71:75 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents 39:75 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island 39:95 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 28493148 4 62 theme hyperthermophilic 761:777 arg1 archaea 779:785 hyperthermophilic archaea 761:785 hyperthermophilic archaea 761:785 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 1 63 theme 80 °C 235:239 arg1 temperatures 219:230 optimal growth temperatures 204:230 optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C 204:239 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 0 64 theme hydrothermal 58:69 arg1 vents 71:75 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents 39:75 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island 39:95 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 28493148 6 65 dep Sulfurimonas 1141:1152 arg1 the 1130:1132 the 1130:1132 the 1130:1132 Regarding the bacterial community, ε-Proteobacteria, especially the genera Sulfurimonas and Sulfurovum, were highly abundant. 28493148 1 66 theme community 126:134 arg1 compositions 136:147 community compositions 126:147 community compositions 126:147 To obtain new insights into community compositions of hyperthermophilic microorganisms, defined as having optimal growth temperatures of 80 °C and above, sediment and water samples were taken from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents (I and II) with temperatures of 100 °C at Vulcano Island, Italy. 28493148 0 67 theme marine 51:56 arg1 vents 71:75 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents 39:75 two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island 39:95 Diversity of bacteria and archaea from two shallow marine hydrothermal vents from Vulcano Island. 28493148 4 68 from archaea 779:785 arg1 sample 802:807 sample II 802:810 sample II 802:810 Our results showed a high abundance of hyperthermophilic archaea, especially in sample II, and a comparable diverse archaeal community composition in both samples. 28493148 7 69 theme high 1278:1281 arg1 genera 1322:1327 genera Thermococcus 1322:1340 genera Thermococcus 1322:1340 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 7 69 theme high 1278:1281 arg1 Palaeococcus 1346:1357 Palaeococcus 1346:1357 Palaeococcus 1346:1357 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 28493148 7 69 theme high 1278:1281 arg1 dominance 1283:1291 a high dominance 1276:1291 a high dominance of archaea 1276:1302 The microbial diversity of the enrichment cultures changed significantly by showing a high dominance of archaea, particularly the genera Thermococcus and Palaeococcus, depending on the carbon source and the selected temperature. 26060397 5 0 theme SCF 799:801 arg1 process 803:809 the SCF process 795:809 the SCF process 795:809 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 6 1 from curve 1245:1249 arg1 concentration 1203:1215 the maximum plasma concentration 1184:1215 the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve 1184:1249 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 6 2 theme maximum 1188:1194 arg1 concentration 1203:1215 the maximum plasma concentration 1184:1215 the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve 1184:1249 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 2 3 theme particulate 342:352 arg1 dispersion 360:369 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion 334:369 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion 334:369 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion was formulated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Pluronic F-127, and L-ascorbic acid. 26060397 7 4 dep efficient 1366:1374 arg1 single 1377:1382 single 1377:1382 single 1377:1382 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 6 5 theme pharmacokinetic 1229:1243 arg1 curve 1245:1249 a pharmacokinetic curve 1227:1249 a pharmacokinetic curve 1227:1249 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 7 6 theme bioavailability 1478:1492 arg1 characteristics 1494:1508 good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics 1452:1508 good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics 1452:1508 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 7 7 theme efficient 1366:1374 arg1 step 1384:1387 an efficient, single step 1363:1387 an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics 1363:1508 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 7 7 theme efficient 1366:1374 arg1 process 1334:1340 the SCF process 1326:1340 the SCF process 1326:1340 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 2 8 theme ITZ 338:340 arg1 dispersion 360:369 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion 334:369 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion 334:369 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion was formulated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Pluronic F-127, and L-ascorbic acid. 26060397 1 9 theme particulate 236:246 arg1 form 248:251 a particulate form 234:251 a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics 234:331 This research aimed to develop a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 6 10 theme solid 1041:1045 arg1 dispersion 1047:1056 the solid dispersion 1037:1056 the solid dispersion 1037:1056 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 6 11 theme oral 1118:1121 arg1 bioavailability 1123:1137 oral bioavailability 1118:1137 oral bioavailability of ITZ 1118:1144 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 4 12 from state 711:715 arg1 particles 751:759 the composite solid dispersion particles 720:759 the composite solid dispersion particles 720:759 Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated an interaction between ITZ and excipients and showed that ITZ existed in an amorphous state in the composite solid dispersion particles. 26060397 7 13 theme solid 1420:1424 arg1 particles 1437:1445 ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles 1405:1445 ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles 1405:1445 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 0 14 theme in 88:89 arg1 characterization 97:112 in vitro characterization 88:112 in vitro characterization 88:112 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 4 15 theme composite 724:732 arg1 particles 751:759 the composite solid dispersion particles 720:759 the composite solid dispersion particles 720:759 Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated an interaction between ITZ and excipients and showed that ITZ existed in an amorphous state in the composite solid dispersion particles. 26060397 7 16 theme dispersion 1426:1435 arg1 particles 1437:1445 ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles 1405:1445 ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles 1405:1445 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 6 17 theme statistical 1073:1083 arg1 P=0.50 1098:1103 P=0.50 1098:1103 P=0.50 1098:1103 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 6 17 theme statistical 1073:1083 arg1 improvement 1085:1095 a statistical improvement 1071:1095 a statistical improvement (P=0.50) 1071:1104 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 6 18 theme C 1177:1177 arg1 max 1179:1181 the C max 1173:1181 the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ 1173:1257 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 1 19 theme fluid 198:202 arg1 technique 210:218 a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique 182:218 a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics 182:331 This research aimed to develop a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 2 20 theme hydroxypropyl 391:403 arg1 methylcellulose 405:419 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 391:419 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 391:419 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion was formulated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Pluronic F-127, and L-ascorbic acid. 26060397 7 21 dep step 1384:1387 arg1 process 1389:1395 process 1389:1395 process 1389:1395 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 4 22 dep Fourier 580:586 arg1 transform 588:596 transform 588:596 transform infrared spectra 588:613 Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated an interaction between ITZ and excipients and showed that ITZ existed in an amorphous state in the composite solid dispersion particles. 26060397 5 23 theme ITZ 839:841 arg1 dissolution 824:834 the dissolution 820:834 the dissolution of ITZ 820:841 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 0 24 dep in 88:89 arg1 vitro 91:95 vitro 91:95 vitro 91:95 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 6 25 from ITZ 1220:1222 arg1 curve 1245:1249 a pharmacokinetic curve 1227:1249 a pharmacokinetic curve 1227:1249 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 0 26 theme solid 13:17 arg1 dispersion 19:28 Itraconazole solid dispersion 0:28 Itraconazole solid dispersion 0:28 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 4 27 theme amorphous 701:709 arg1 state 711:715 an amorphous state 698:715 an amorphous state in the composite solid dispersion particles 698:759 Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated an interaction between ITZ and excipients and showed that ITZ existed in an amorphous state in the composite solid dispersion particles. 26060397 0 28 theme Itraconazole 0:11 arg1 dispersion 19:28 Itraconazole solid dispersion 0:28 Itraconazole solid dispersion 0:28 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 1 29 theme itraconazole 256:267 arg1 form 248:251 a particulate form 234:251 a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics 234:331 This research aimed to develop a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 1 30 with itraconazole 256:267 arg1 characteristics 317:331 good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics 280:331 good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics 280:331 This research aimed to develop a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 6 31 from concentration 1203:1215 arg1 curve 1245:1249 a pharmacokinetic curve 1227:1249 a pharmacokinetic curve 1227:1249 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 5 32 theme pH 875:876 arg1 media 846:850 media 846:850 media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8 846:880 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 1 33 theme supercritical 184:196 arg1 fluid 198:202 supercritical fluid 184:202 a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics 182:331 This research aimed to develop a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 1 33 theme supercritical 184:196 arg1 SCF 205:207 SCF 205:207 SCF 205:207 This research aimed to develop a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 4 34 theme infrared 598:605 arg1 spectra 607:613 infrared spectra 598:613 infrared spectra 598:613 Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated an interaction between ITZ and excipients and showed that ITZ existed in an amorphous state in the composite solid dispersion particles. 26060397 2 35 theme L-ascorbic 442:451 arg1 acid 453:456 L-ascorbic acid 442:456 L-ascorbic acid 442:456 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion was formulated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Pluronic F-127, and L-ascorbic acid. 26060397 3 36 theme scanning 521:528 arg1 microscopy 539:548 scanning electron microscopy 521:548 scanning electron microscopy 521:548 Aggregated particles showed porous structure when examined by scanning electron microscopy. 26060397 2 37 theme Pluronic 422:429 arg1 F-127 431:435 Pluronic F-127 422:435 Pluronic F-127 422:435 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion was formulated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Pluronic F-127, and L-ascorbic acid. 26060397 5 38 theme commercial 899:908 arg1 Sporanox 919:926 Sporanox(®) 919:929 Sporanox(®) 919:929 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 5 38 theme commercial 899:908 arg1 product 910:916 a commercial product 897:916 a commercial product (Sporanox(®)) 897:930 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 0 39 theme beagle 138:143 arg1 dogs 145:148 beagle dogs 138:148 beagle dogs 138:148 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 0 40 from preparation 75:85 arg1 dogs 145:148 beagle dogs 138:148 beagle dogs 138:148 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 5 41 theme porous 964:969 arg1 shape 991:995 the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state 960:1021 shape 991:995 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 6 42 theme oral 1299:1302 arg1 administration 1304:1317 oral administration 1299:1317 oral administration 1299:1317 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 4 43 theme Powder 551:556 arg1 diffraction 564:574 Powder X-ray diffraction 551:574 Powder X-ray diffraction 551:574 Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated an interaction between ITZ and excipients and showed that ITZ existed in an amorphous state in the composite solid dispersion particles. 26060397 7 44 theme dissolution 1457:1467 arg1 characteristics 1494:1508 good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics 1452:1508 good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics 1452:1508 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 5 45 theme aggregated 971:980 arg1 shape 991:995 the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state 960:1021 shape 991:995 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 3 46 theme Aggregated 459:468 arg1 particles 470:478 Aggregated particles 459:478 Aggregated particles 459:478 Aggregated particles showed porous structure when examined by scanning electron microscopy. 26060397 0 47 theme fluid 58:62 arg1 technique 64:72 a supercritical fluid technique 42:72 a supercritical fluid technique 42:72 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 1 48 theme good 280:283 arg1 dissolution 285:295 good dissolution 280:295 good dissolution 280:295 This research aimed to develop a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 6 49 theme ITZ 1220:1222 arg1 concentration 1203:1215 the maximum plasma concentration 1184:1215 the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve 1184:1249 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 7 50 theme oral 1473:1476 arg1 bioavailability 1478:1492 oral bioavailability 1473:1492 oral bioavailability 1473:1492 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 5 51 theme particle 982:989 arg1 shape 991:995 the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state 960:1021 shape 991:995 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 7 52 theme SCF 1330:1332 arg1 step 1384:1387 an efficient, single step 1363:1387 an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics 1363:1508 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 7 52 theme SCF 1330:1332 arg1 process 1334:1340 the SCF process 1326:1340 the SCF process 1326:1340 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 4 53 theme dispersion 740:749 arg1 particles 751:759 the composite solid dispersion particles 720:759 the composite solid dispersion particles 720:759 Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated an interaction between ITZ and excipients and showed that ITZ existed in an amorphous state in the composite solid dispersion particles. 26060397 0 54 theme supercritical 44:56 arg1 technique 64:72 a supercritical fluid technique 42:72 a supercritical fluid technique 42:72 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 1 55 theme dissolution 285:295 arg1 characteristics 317:331 good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics 280:331 good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics 280:331 This research aimed to develop a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 5 56 theme amorphous 1001:1009 arg1 state 1017:1021 the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state 960:1021 state 1017:1021 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 4 57 theme solid 734:738 arg1 particles 751:759 the composite solid dispersion particles 720:759 the composite solid dispersion particles 720:759 Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated an interaction between ITZ and excipients and showed that ITZ existed in an amorphous state in the composite solid dispersion particles. 26060397 7 58 theme ITZ-containing 1405:1418 arg1 particles 1437:1445 ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles 1405:1445 ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles 1405:1445 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 4 59 theme X-ray 558:562 arg1 diffraction 564:574 Powder X-ray diffraction 551:574 Powder X-ray diffraction 551:574 Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated an interaction between ITZ and excipients and showed that ITZ existed in an amorphous state in the composite solid dispersion particles. 26060397 7 60 theme good 1452:1455 arg1 dissolution 1457:1467 good dissolution 1452:1467 good dissolution 1452:1467 Thus, the SCF process has been shown to be an efficient, single step process to form ITZ-containing solid dispersion particles with good dissolution and oral bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 0 61 from characterization 97:112 arg1 dogs 145:148 beagle dogs 138:148 beagle dogs 138:148 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 0 62 dep prepared 30:37 arg1 preparation 75:85 preparation 75:85 preparation 75:85 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 0 62 dep prepared 30:37 arg1 characterization 97:112 in vitro characterization 88:112 in vitro characterization 88:112 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 0 62 dep prepared 30:37 arg1 bioavailability 119:133 bioavailability 119:133 bioavailability 119:133 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 6 63 dep max 1179:1181 arg1 concentration 1203:1215 the maximum plasma concentration 1184:1215 the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve 1184:1249 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 3 64 theme porous 487:492 arg1 structure 494:502 porous structure 487:502 porous structure 487:502 Aggregated particles showed porous structure when examined by scanning electron microscopy. 26060397 6 65 theme plasma 1196:1201 arg1 concentration 1203:1215 the maximum plasma concentration 1184:1215 the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve 1184:1249 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 5 66 theme solid 1011:1015 arg1 state 1017:1021 the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state 960:1021 state 1017:1021 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 6 67 theme ITZ 1142:1144 arg1 bioavailability 1123:1137 oral bioavailability 1118:1137 oral bioavailability of ITZ 1118:1144 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 5 68 theme ITZ 1026:1028 arg1 state 1017:1021 the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state 960:1021 state 1017:1021 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 5 68 theme ITZ 1026:1028 arg1 shape 991:995 the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state 960:1021 shape 991:995 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 6 69 theme ITZ 1255:1257 arg1 max 1179:1181 the C max 1173:1181 the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ 1173:1257 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 6 70 dep raised 1263:1268 arg1 P=0.03 1285:1290 P=0.03 1285:1290 P=0.03 1285:1290 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 5 71 theme pH 863:864 arg1 media 846:850 media 846:850 media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8 846:880 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 5 72 theme pH 855:856 arg1 media 846:850 media 846:850 media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8 846:880 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 26060397 3 73 theme electron 530:537 arg1 microscopy 539:548 scanning electron microscopy 521:548 scanning electron microscopy 521:548 Aggregated particles showed porous structure when examined by scanning electron microscopy. 26060397 0 74 from bioavailability 119:133 arg1 dogs 145:148 beagle dogs 138:148 beagle dogs 138:148 Itraconazole solid dispersion prepared by a supercritical fluid technique: preparation, in vitro characterization, and bioavailability in beagle dogs. 26060397 1 75 theme bioavailability 301:315 arg1 characteristics 317:331 good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics 280:331 good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics 280:331 This research aimed to develop a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for preparing a particulate form of itraconazole (ITZ) with good dissolution and bioavailability characteristics. 26060397 6 76 theme bioavailability 1123:1137 arg1 terms 1109:1113 terms 1109:1113 terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ 1109:1144 While the solid dispersion did not show a statistical improvement (P=0.50) in terms of oral bioavailability of ITZ compared with Sporanox(®), the C max (the maximum plasma concentration of ITZ in a pharmacokinetic curve) of ITZ was raised significantly (P=0.03) after oral administration. 26060397 2 77 theme solid 354:358 arg1 dispersion 360:369 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion 334:369 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion 334:369 The ITZ particulate solid dispersion was formulated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Pluronic F-127, and L-ascorbic acid. 26060397 5 78 theme solid 766:770 arg1 dispersion 772:781 The solid dispersion 762:781 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process 762:809 The solid dispersion obtained by the SCF process improved the dissolution of ITZ in media of pH 1.0, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8, compared with a commercial product (Sporanox(®)), which could be ascribed to the porous aggregated particle shape and amorphous solid state of ITZ. 24818158 8 0 theme axons 1209:1213 arg1 regeneration 1193:1204 regeneration 1193:1204 regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT 1193:1255 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 4 1 from effects 515:521 arg1 regeneration 572:583 structural and functional regeneration 546:583 structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 546:620 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 9 2 theme porous 1455:1460 arg1 cores 1471:1475 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores 1439:1475 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores 1439:1475 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 4 3 theme mm 597:598 arg1 gap 618:620 a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 592:620 a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 592:620 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 7 4 theme massive 1073:1079 arg1 reaction 1094:1101 massive foreign body reaction 1073:1101 massive foreign body reaction 1073:1101 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell induced massive foreign body reaction and impairment of nerve regeneration. 24818158 1 5 theme outer 271:275 arg1 shell 306:310 an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 268:310 an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 268:310 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 8 6 theme size 1228:1231 arg1 distribution 1233:1244 a similar size distribution 1218:1244 a similar size distribution as the ANT 1218:1255 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 6 7 theme electrophysiological 914:933 arg1 recordings 935:944 electrophysiological recordings 914:944 electrophysiological recordings 914:944 Furthermore during a 13-week examination period functional tests and electrophysiological recordings were performed and supplemented by nerve morphometry. 24818158 2 8 theme chitosan 323:330 arg1 core 332:335 The inner chitosan core 313:335 The inner chitosan core 313:335 The inner chitosan core provided multiple guidance channels for regrowing axons. 24818158 1 9 theme nerve 200:204 arg1 grafts 206:211 composite nerve grafts 190:211 composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 190:262 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 8 10 theme regeneration 1302:1313 arg1 terms 1282:1286 terms 1282:1286 terms of functional regeneration 1282:1313 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 7 11 theme regeneration 1127:1138 arg1 reaction 1094:1101 massive foreign body reaction 1073:1101 massive foreign body reaction 1073:1101 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell induced massive foreign body reaction and impairment of nerve regeneration. 24818158 7 11 theme regeneration 1127:1138 arg1 impairment 1107:1116 impairment 1107:1116 impairment of nerve regeneration 1107:1138 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell induced massive foreign body reaction and impairment of nerve regeneration. 24818158 9 12 theme structured 1510:1519 arg1 grafts 1527:1532 structured nerve grafts 1510:1532 structured nerve grafts 1510:1532 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 4 13 theme autologous 639:648 arg1 transplantation 656:670 autologous nerve transplantation 639:670 autologous nerve transplantation (ANT) 639:676 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 4 13 theme autologous 639:648 arg1 ANT 673:675 ANT 673:675 ANT 673:675 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 1 14 theme inner 221:225 arg1 core 259:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 9 15 used used 1379:1382 arg2 shell 1359:1363 an outer polycaprolactone shell 1333:1363 an outer polycaprolactone shell 1333:1363 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 7 16 with sheathing 1004:1012 arg1 shell 1059:1063 a polycaprolactone shell 1040:1063 a polycaprolactone shell 1040:1063 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell induced massive foreign body reaction and impairment of nerve regeneration. 24818158 7 17 theme foreign 1081:1087 arg1 reaction 1094:1101 massive foreign body reaction 1073:1101 massive foreign body reaction 1073:1101 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell induced massive foreign body reaction and impairment of nerve regeneration. 24818158 7 18 theme polycaprolactone 1042:1057 arg1 shell 1059:1063 a polycaprolactone shell 1040:1063 a polycaprolactone shell 1040:1063 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell induced massive foreign body reaction and impairment of nerve regeneration. 24818158 7 19 theme body 1089:1092 arg1 reaction 1094:1101 massive foreign body reaction 1073:1101 massive foreign body reaction 1073:1101 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell induced massive foreign body reaction and impairment of nerve regeneration. 24818158 7 20 theme chitosan 1021:1028 arg1 core 1030:1033 the chitosan core 1017:1033 the chitosan core 1017:1033 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell induced massive foreign body reaction and impairment of nerve regeneration. 24818158 5 21 theme mechanical 683:692 arg1 properties 706:715 The mechanical biomaterial properties 679:715 The mechanical biomaterial properties 679:715 The mechanical biomaterial properties and the immunological impact of the grafts were assessed with histological techniques before and after transplantation in vivo. 24818158 9 22 theme polycaprolactone 1342:1357 arg1 shell 1359:1363 an outer polycaprolactone shell 1333:1363 an outer polycaprolactone shell 1333:1363 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 3 23 theme cores 449:453 arg1 properties 417:426 the in vivo properties 405:426 the in vivo properties of the bare chitosan cores 405:453 To analyze the in vivo properties of the bare chitosan cores, we separately implanted them into an epineural sheath. 24818158 0 24 theme 3D 119:120 arg1 guides 150:155 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides 119:155 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides 119:155 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 0 25 theme massive 49:55 arg1 reaction 70:77 massive foreign body reaction 49:77 massive foreign body reaction 49:77 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 3 26 theme bare 435:438 arg1 cores 449:453 the bare chitosan cores 431:453 the bare chitosan cores 431:453 To analyze the in vivo properties of the bare chitosan cores, we separately implanted them into an epineural sheath. 24818158 0 27 theme Outer 0:4 arg1 shell 35:39 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 0:39 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 0:39 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 1 28 theme electrospun 277:287 arg1 shell 306:310 an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 268:310 an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 268:310 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 4 29 theme structural 546:555 arg1 regeneration 572:583 structural and functional regeneration 546:583 structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 546:620 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 0 30 theme polycaprolactone 18:33 arg1 shell 35:39 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 0:39 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 0:39 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 1 31 theme shell 306:310 arg1 performance 175:185 the performance 171:185 the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 171:310 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 6 32 theme functional 893:902 arg1 tests 904:908 functional tests 893:908 functional tests 893:908 Furthermore during a 13-week examination period functional tests and electrophysiological recordings were performed and supplemented by nerve morphometry. 24818158 4 33 theme functional 561:570 arg1 regeneration 572:583 structural and functional regeneration 546:583 structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 546:620 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 8 34 from regeneration 1193:1204 arg1 distribution 1233:1244 a similar size distribution 1218:1244 a similar size distribution as the ANT 1218:1255 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 3 35 theme epineural 493:501 arg1 sheath 503:508 an epineural sheath 490:508 an epineural sheath 490:508 To analyze the in vivo properties of the bare chitosan cores, we separately implanted them into an epineural sheath. 24818158 0 36 theme foreign 57:63 arg1 reaction 70:77 massive foreign body reaction 49:77 massive foreign body reaction 49:77 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 9 37 theme bioartificial 1403:1415 arg1 grafting 1423:1430 bioartificial nerve grafting 1403:1430 bioartificial nerve grafting 1403:1430 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 8 38 theme novel 1163:1167 arg1 core 1178:1181 the isolated novel chitosan core 1150:1181 the isolated novel chitosan core 1150:1181 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 6 39 theme examination 874:884 arg1 period 886:891 a 13-week examination period 864:891 a 13-week examination period 864:891 Furthermore during a 13-week examination period functional tests and electrophysiological recordings were performed and supplemented by nerve morphometry. 24818158 4 40 theme types 537:541 arg1 effects 515:521 The effects 511:521 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 511:620 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 2 41 theme multiple 346:353 arg1 channels 364:371 multiple guidance channels 346:371 multiple guidance channels for regrowing axons 346:391 The inner chitosan core provided multiple guidance channels for regrowing axons. 24818158 9 42 theme grafting 1423:1430 arg1 purpose 1392:1398 the purpose 1388:1398 the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting 1388:1430 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 4 43 theme rat 600:602 arg1 gap 618:620 a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 592:620 a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 592:620 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 1 44 theme porous 243:248 arg1 core 259:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 4 45 theme nerve 612:616 arg1 gap 618:620 a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 592:620 a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 592:620 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 2 46 theme regrowing 377:385 arg1 axons 387:391 regrowing axons 377:391 regrowing axons 377:391 The inner chitosan core provided multiple guidance channels for regrowing axons. 24818158 9 47 theme multichannel 1442:1453 arg1 cores 1471:1475 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores 1439:1475 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores 1439:1475 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 9 48 theme chitosan 1462:1469 arg1 cores 1471:1475 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores 1439:1475 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores 1439:1475 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 4 49 theme 10 594:595 arg1 mm 597:598 mm 597:598 mm 597:598 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 9 50 theme candidate 1486:1494 arg1 scaffolds 1496:1504 candidate scaffolds 1486:1504 candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts 1486:1532 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 8 51 theme similar 1220:1226 arg1 distribution 1233:1244 a similar size distribution 1218:1244 a similar size distribution as the ANT 1218:1255 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 1 52 with shell 306:310 arg1 core 259:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 4 53 theme nerve 650:654 arg1 transplantation 656:670 autologous nerve transplantation 639:670 autologous nerve transplantation (ANT) 639:676 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 4 53 theme nerve 650:654 arg1 ANT 673:675 ANT 673:675 ANT 673:675 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 1 54 theme composite 190:198 arg1 grafts 206:211 composite nerve grafts 190:211 composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 190:262 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 0 55 theme nerve 144:148 arg1 guides 150:155 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides 119:155 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides 119:155 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 2 56 theme inner 317:321 arg1 core 332:335 The inner chitosan core 313:335 The inner chitosan core 313:335 The inner chitosan core provided multiple guidance channels for regrowing axons. 24818158 1 57 theme grafts 206:211 arg1 performance 175:185 the performance 171:185 the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 171:310 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 8 58 theme functional 1291:1300 arg1 regeneration 1302:1313 functional regeneration 1291:1313 functional regeneration 1291:1313 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 9 59 theme nerve 1521:1525 arg1 grafts 1527:1532 structured nerve grafts 1510:1532 structured nerve grafts 1510:1532 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 8 60 from terms 1282:1286 arg1 superior 1270:1277 superior 1270:1277 superior 1270:1277 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 8 60 from terms 1282:1286 arg1 ANT 1262:1264 the ANT 1258:1264 the ANT 1258:1264 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 6 61 theme nerve 981:985 arg1 morphometry 987:997 nerve morphometry 981:997 nerve morphometry 981:997 Furthermore during a 13-week examination period functional tests and electrophysiological recordings were performed and supplemented by nerve morphometry. 24818158 7 62 theme nerve 1121:1125 arg1 regeneration 1127:1138 nerve regeneration 1121:1138 nerve regeneration 1121:1138 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell induced massive foreign body reaction and impairment of nerve regeneration. 24818158 1 63 with grafts 206:211 arg1 core 259:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 8 64 from superior 1270:1277 arg1 terms 1282:1286 terms 1282:1286 terms of functional regeneration 1282:1313 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 5 65 theme grafts 753:758 arg1 properties 706:715 The mechanical biomaterial properties 679:715 The mechanical biomaterial properties 679:715 The mechanical biomaterial properties and the immunological impact of the grafts were assessed with histological techniques before and after transplantation in vivo. 24818158 5 65 theme grafts 753:758 arg1 impact 739:744 the immunological impact 721:744 the immunological impact of the grafts 721:758 The mechanical biomaterial properties and the immunological impact of the grafts were assessed with histological techniques before and after transplantation in vivo. 24818158 5 66 theme biomaterial 694:704 arg1 properties 706:715 The mechanical biomaterial properties 679:715 The mechanical biomaterial properties 679:715 The mechanical biomaterial properties and the immunological impact of the grafts were assessed with histological techniques before and after transplantation in vivo. 24818158 1 67 theme 3D 227:228 arg1 core 259:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 0 68 theme axonal 91:96 arg1 regeneration 98:109 axonal regeneration 91:109 axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides 91:155 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 7 69 theme core 1030:1033 arg1 sheathing 1004:1012 The sheathing 1000:1012 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell 1000:1063 The sheathing of the chitosan core with a polycaprolactone shell induced massive foreign body reaction and impairment of nerve regeneration. 24818158 0 70 theme chitosan 135:142 arg1 guides 150:155 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides 119:155 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides 119:155 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 5 71 theme immunological 725:737 arg1 impact 739:744 the immunological impact 721:744 the immunological impact of the grafts 721:758 The mechanical biomaterial properties and the immunological impact of the grafts were assessed with histological techniques before and after transplantation in vivo. 24818158 9 72 theme outer 1336:1340 arg1 shell 1359:1363 an outer polycaprolactone shell 1333:1363 an outer polycaprolactone shell 1333:1363 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 3 73 dep in 409:410 arg1 vivo 412:415 vivo 412:415 vivo 412:415 To analyze the in vivo properties of the bare chitosan cores, we separately implanted them into an epineural sheath. 24818158 0 74 theme multichannel 122:133 arg1 guides 150:155 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides 119:155 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides 119:155 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 0 75 theme electrospun 6:16 arg1 shell 35:39 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 0:39 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 0:39 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 3 76 theme in 409:410 arg1 properties 417:426 the in vivo properties 405:426 the in vivo properties of the bare chitosan cores 405:453 To analyze the in vivo properties of the bare chitosan cores, we separately implanted them into an epineural sheath. 24818158 3 77 theme chitosan 440:447 arg1 cores 449:453 the bare chitosan cores 431:453 the bare chitosan cores 431:453 To analyze the in vivo properties of the bare chitosan cores, we separately implanted them into an epineural sheath. 24818158 1 78 theme polycaprolactone 289:304 arg1 shell 306:310 an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 268:310 an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell 268:310 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 5 79 theme histological 779:790 arg1 techniques 792:801 histological techniques 779:801 histological techniques 779:801 The mechanical biomaterial properties and the immunological impact of the grafts were assessed with histological techniques before and after transplantation in vivo. 24818158 8 80 theme isolated 1154:1161 arg1 core 1178:1181 the isolated novel chitosan core 1150:1181 the isolated novel chitosan core 1150:1181 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 4 81 theme graft 531:535 arg1 types 537:541 both graft types 526:541 both graft types 526:541 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 0 82 theme body 65:68 arg1 reaction 70:77 massive foreign body reaction 49:77 massive foreign body reaction 49:77 Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides. 24818158 8 83 theme chitosan 1169:1176 arg1 core 1178:1181 the isolated novel chitosan core 1150:1181 the isolated novel chitosan core 1150:1181 Although the isolated novel chitosan core did allow regeneration of axons in a similar size distribution as the ANT, the ANT was superior in terms of functional regeneration. 24818158 6 84 theme 13-week 866:872 arg1 period 886:891 a 13-week examination period 864:891 a 13-week examination period 864:891 Furthermore during a 13-week examination period functional tests and electrophysiological recordings were performed and supplemented by nerve morphometry. 24818158 2 85 theme guidance 355:362 arg1 channels 364:371 multiple guidance channels 346:371 multiple guidance channels for regrowing axons 346:391 The inner chitosan core provided multiple guidance channels for regrowing axons. 24818158 9 86 theme nerve 1417:1421 arg1 grafting 1423:1430 bioartificial nerve grafting 1403:1430 bioartificial nerve grafting 1403:1430 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 4 87 theme sciatic 604:610 arg1 gap 618:620 a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 592:620 a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap 592:620 The effects of both graft types on structural and functional regeneration across a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap were compared to autologous nerve transplantation (ANT). 24818158 1 88 theme multichannel 230:241 arg1 core 259:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 24818158 9 89 theme 3D 1439:1440 arg1 cores 1471:1475 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores 1439:1475 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores 1439:1475 We conclude that an outer polycaprolactone shell should not be used for the purpose of bioartificial nerve grafting, while 3D multichannel porous chitosan cores could be candidate scaffolds for structured nerve grafts. 24818158 1 90 theme chitosan 250:257 arg1 core 259:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core 218:262 We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. 28493168 10 0 theme cyanophycin 1542:1552 arg1 content 1554:1560 cyanophycin content 1542:1560 cyanophycin content 1542:1560 Additionally, a quick test to measure cyanophycin content gives similar results compared to the extensive enzymatic test. 28493168 11 1 theme potatoes 1690:1697 arg1 cultivation 1663:1673 the commercial cultivation 1648:1673 the commercial cultivation of cyanophycin potatoes 1648:1697 This work facilitates the commercial cultivation of cyanophycin potatoes. 28493168 7 2 theme effect 1202:1207 arg1 sizes 1209:1213 standard effect sizes 1193:1213 standard effect sizes 1193:1213 General linear models were used for modelling, and standard effect sizes were applied to compare conventional and genetically modified plants. 28493168 6 3 theme nitrogen 982:989 arg1 factors 952:958 influencing environmental factors 926:958 influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) 926:1055 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 3 theme nitrogen 982:989 arg1 fertilization 991:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 5 4 dep parameters 698:707 arg1 content 717:723 starch content 710:723 starch content 710:723 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 6 5 theme key 1061:1063 arg1 components 1065:1074 key components 1061:1074 key components 1061:1074 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 10 6 theme similar 1568:1574 arg1 results 1576:1582 similar results 1568:1582 similar results 1568:1582 Additionally, a quick test to measure cyanophycin content gives similar results compared to the extensive enzymatic test. 28493168 6 7 theme statistical 870:880 arg1 approaches 882:891 modern statistical approaches 863:891 modern statistical approaches 863:891 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 8 8 theme starch 1393:1398 arg1 content 1400:1406 starch content 1393:1406 starch content 1393:1406 Altogether, the field trials prove that significant cyanophycin production is possible without reduction of starch content. 28493168 6 9 theme cultivation 969:979 arg1 greenhouse 1024:1033 greenhouse 1024:1033 greenhouse 1024:1033 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 9 theme cultivation 969:979 arg1 factors 952:958 influencing environmental factors 926:958 influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) 926:1055 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 9 theme cultivation 969:979 arg1 fertilization 991:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 9 theme cultivation 969:979 arg1 year 961:964 year 961:964 year of cultivation 961:979 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 9 theme cultivation 969:979 arg1 origin 1006:1011 origin 1006:1011 origin of plants 1006:1021 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 9 theme cultivation 969:979 arg1 cultivation 1044:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 0 10 theme field 107:111 arg1 trials 113:118 field trials 107:118 field trials 107:118 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 6 11 theme modern 863:868 arg1 approaches 882:891 modern statistical approaches 863:891 modern statistical approaches 863:891 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 8 12 theme field 1301:1305 arg1 trials 1307:1312 the field trials 1297:1312 the field trials 1297:1312 Altogether, the field trials prove that significant cyanophycin production is possible without reduction of starch content. 28493168 11 13 theme commercial 1652:1661 arg1 cultivation 1663:1673 the commercial cultivation 1648:1673 the commercial cultivation of cyanophycin potatoes 1648:1697 This work facilitates the commercial cultivation of cyanophycin potatoes. 28493168 4 14 theme transgenic 580:589 arg1 plants 591:596 the transgenic plants 576:596 the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) 576:623 The influence of environmental factors was measured and target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) were analysed for differences to control plants. 28493168 7 15 theme conventional 1239:1250 arg1 plants 1277:1282 conventional and genetically modified plants 1239:1282 conventional and genetically modified plants 1239:1282 General linear models were used for modelling, and standard effect sizes were applied to compare conventional and genetically modified plants. 28493168 4 16 from compounds 563:571 arg1 plants 591:596 the transgenic plants 576:596 the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) 576:623 The influence of environmental factors was measured and target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) were analysed for differences to control plants. 28493168 3 17 with trials 409:414 arg1 events 458:463 two independent events 442:463 two independent events 442:463 Field and greenhouse trials with transgenic potatoes (two independent events) were carried out for three years. 28493168 3 17 with trials 409:414 arg1 potatoes 432:439 transgenic potatoes 421:439 transgenic potatoes (two independent events) 421:464 Field and greenhouse trials with transgenic potatoes (two independent events) were carried out for three years. 28493168 1 18 theme cyanophycin 197:207 arg1 production 168:177 industrial production 157:177 industrial production of the biopolymer cyanophycin 157:207 Potatoes are a promising system for industrial production of the biopolymer cyanophycin as a second compound in addition to starch. 28493168 9 19 theme compound 1420:1427 arg1 composition 1429:1439 Non-target compound composition 1409:1439 Non-target compound composition 1409:1439 Non-target compound composition seems to be equivalent under varying environmental conditions. 28493168 11 20 theme cyanophycin 1678:1688 arg1 potatoes 1690:1697 cyanophycin potatoes 1678:1697 cyanophycin potatoes 1678:1697 This work facilitates the commercial cultivation of cyanophycin potatoes. 28493168 5 21 theme tubers 753:758 arg1 number 726:731 number 726:731 number 726:731 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 5 21 theme tubers 753:758 arg1 size 745:748 size 745:748 size 745:748 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 5 21 theme tubers 753:758 arg1 weight 734:739 weight 734:739 weight 734:739 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 0 22 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 analysis 34:41 Comparative statistical component analysis 0:41 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 0:119 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 1 23 theme biopolymer 186:195 arg1 cyanophycin 197:207 the biopolymer cyanophycin 182:207 the biopolymer cyanophycin 182:207 Potatoes are a promising system for industrial production of the biopolymer cyanophycin as a second compound in addition to starch. 28493168 0 24 theme statistical 12:22 arg1 analysis 34:41 Comparative statistical component analysis 0:41 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 0:119 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 6 25 theme environmental 938:950 arg1 greenhouse 1024:1033 greenhouse 1024:1033 greenhouse 1024:1033 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 25 theme environmental 938:950 arg1 factors 952:958 influencing environmental factors 926:958 influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) 926:1055 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 25 theme environmental 938:950 arg1 fertilization 991:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 25 theme environmental 938:950 arg1 year 961:964 year 961:964 year of cultivation 961:979 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 25 theme environmental 938:950 arg1 origin 1006:1011 origin 1006:1011 origin of plants 1006:1021 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 25 theme environmental 938:950 arg1 cultivation 1044:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 10 26 theme enzymatic 1610:1618 arg1 test 1620:1623 the extensive enzymatic test 1596:1623 the extensive enzymatic test 1596:1623 Additionally, a quick test to measure cyanophycin content gives similar results compared to the extensive enzymatic test. 28493168 6 27 theme agronomic 1115:1123 arg1 characteristics 1125:1139 agronomic characteristics 1115:1139 agronomic characteristics 1115:1139 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 7 28 theme General 1142:1148 arg1 models 1157:1162 General linear models 1142:1162 General linear models 1142:1162 General linear models were used for modelling, and standard effect sizes were applied to compare conventional and genetically modified plants. 28493168 3 29 theme transgenic 421:430 arg1 events 458:463 two independent events 442:463 two independent events 442:463 Field and greenhouse trials with transgenic potatoes (two independent events) were carried out for three years. 28493168 3 29 theme transgenic 421:430 arg1 potatoes 432:439 transgenic potatoes 421:439 transgenic potatoes (two independent events) 421:464 Field and greenhouse trials with transgenic potatoes (two independent events) were carried out for three years. 28493168 3 30 theme Field 388:392 arg1 trials 409:414 Field and greenhouse trials 388:414 trials 409:414 Field and greenhouse trials with transgenic potatoes (two independent events) were carried out for three years. 28493168 7 31 used used 1169:1172 arg2 models 1157:1162 General linear models 1142:1162 General linear models 1142:1162 General linear models were used for modelling, and standard effect sizes were applied to compare conventional and genetically modified plants. 28493168 9 32 theme Non-target 1409:1418 arg1 composition 1429:1439 Non-target compound composition 1409:1439 Non-target compound composition 1409:1439 Non-target compound composition seems to be equivalent under varying environmental conditions. 28493168 6 33 dep factors 952:958 arg1 acids 1091:1095 amino acids 1085:1095 amino acids 1085:1095 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 33 dep factors 952:958 arg1 greenhouse 1024:1033 greenhouse 1024:1033 greenhouse 1024:1033 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 33 dep factors 952:958 arg1 factors 952:958 influencing environmental factors 926:958 influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) 926:1055 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 33 dep factors 952:958 arg1 fertilization 991:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 33 dep factors 952:958 arg1 year 961:964 year 961:964 year of cultivation 961:979 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 33 dep factors 952:958 arg1 cyanophycin 1098:1108 cyanophycin 1098:1108 cyanophycin 1098:1108 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 33 dep factors 952:958 arg1 starch 1077:1082 starch 1077:1082 starch 1077:1082 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 33 dep factors 952:958 arg1 origin 1006:1011 origin 1006:1011 origin of plants 1006:1021 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 33 dep factors 952:958 arg1 cultivation 1044:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 2 34 theme environmental 365:377 arg1 factors 379:385 environmental factors 365:385 environmental factors 365:385 To assess the efficiency in the field, we analysed the stability of the system, specifically its sensitivity to environmental factors. 28493168 10 35 theme extensive 1600:1608 arg1 test 1620:1623 the extensive enzymatic test 1596:1623 the extensive enzymatic test 1596:1623 Additionally, a quick test to measure cyanophycin content gives similar results compared to the extensive enzymatic test. 28493168 5 36 theme non-target 687:696 arg1 parameters 698:707 non-target parameters 687:707 non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) 687:759 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 0 37 theme component 24:32 arg1 analysis 34:41 Comparative statistical component analysis 0:41 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 0:119 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 9 38 theme varying 1470:1476 arg1 conditions 1492:1501 varying environmental conditions 1470:1501 varying environmental conditions 1470:1501 Non-target compound composition seems to be equivalent under varying environmental conditions. 28493168 8 39 theme significant 1325:1335 arg1 production 1349:1358 significant cyanophycin production 1325:1358 significant cyanophycin production 1325:1358 Altogether, the field trials prove that significant cyanophycin production is possible without reduction of starch content. 28493168 4 40 dep plants 591:596 arg1 cyanophycin 599:609 cyanophycin 599:609 cyanophycin 599:609 The influence of environmental factors was measured and target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) were analysed for differences to control plants. 28493168 4 40 dep plants 591:596 arg1 acids 618:622 amino acids 612:622 amino acids 612:622 The influence of environmental factors was measured and target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) were analysed for differences to control plants. 28493168 5 41 with equivalence 779:789 arg1 plants 804:809 control plants 796:809 control plants 796:809 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 2 42 from efficiency 267:276 arg1 field 285:289 the field 281:289 the field 281:289 To assess the efficiency in the field, we analysed the stability of the system, specifically its sensitivity to environmental factors. 28493168 1 43 theme second 214:219 arg1 compound 221:228 a second compound 212:228 a second compound in addition to starch 212:250 Potatoes are a promising system for industrial production of the biopolymer cyanophycin as a second compound in addition to starch. 28493168 0 44 theme transgenic 46:55 arg1 potatoes 80:87 transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes 46:87 transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials 46:118 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 4 45 theme target 556:561 arg1 compounds 563:571 target compounds 556:571 target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) 556:623 The influence of environmental factors was measured and target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) were analysed for differences to control plants. 28493168 0 46 from greenhouse 92:101 arg1 analysis 34:41 Comparative statistical component analysis 0:41 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 0:119 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 6 47 theme field 1038:1042 arg1 cultivation 1044:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 47 theme field 1038:1042 arg1 factors 952:958 influencing environmental factors 926:958 influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) 926:1055 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 3 48 theme independent 446:456 arg1 events 458:463 two independent events 442:463 two independent events 442:463 Field and greenhouse trials with transgenic potatoes (two independent events) were carried out for three years. 28493168 3 48 theme independent 446:456 arg1 potatoes 432:439 transgenic potatoes 421:439 transgenic potatoes (two independent events) 421:464 Field and greenhouse trials with transgenic potatoes (two independent events) were carried out for three years. 28493168 4 49 theme environmental 517:529 arg1 factors 531:537 environmental factors 517:537 environmental factors 517:537 The influence of environmental factors was measured and target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) were analysed for differences to control plants. 28493168 5 50 theme starch 710:715 arg1 content 717:723 starch content 710:723 starch content 710:723 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 9 51 theme environmental 1478:1490 arg1 conditions 1492:1501 varying environmental conditions 1470:1501 varying environmental conditions 1470:1501 Non-target compound composition seems to be equivalent under varying environmental conditions. 28493168 6 52 theme plants 1016:1021 arg1 greenhouse 1024:1033 greenhouse 1024:1033 greenhouse 1024:1033 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 52 theme plants 1016:1021 arg1 factors 952:958 influencing environmental factors 926:958 influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) 926:1055 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 52 theme plants 1016:1021 arg1 fertilization 991:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 52 theme plants 1016:1021 arg1 year 961:964 year 961:964 year of cultivation 961:979 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 52 theme plants 1016:1021 arg1 origin 1006:1011 origin 1006:1011 origin of plants 1006:1021 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 52 theme plants 1016:1021 arg1 cultivation 1044:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 4 53 theme control 658:664 arg1 plants 666:671 control plants 658:671 control plants 658:671 The influence of environmental factors was measured and target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) were analysed for differences to control plants. 28493168 0 54 from potatoes 80:87 arg1 greenhouse 92:101 greenhouse 92:101 greenhouse 92:101 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 0 54 from potatoes 80:87 arg1 trials 113:118 field trials 107:118 field trials 107:118 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 0 55 dep transgenic 46:55 arg1 cyanophycin-producing 58:78 cyanophycin-producing 58:78 cyanophycin-producing 58:78 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 8 56 theme cyanophycin 1337:1347 arg1 production 1349:1358 significant cyanophycin production 1325:1358 significant cyanophycin production 1325:1358 Altogether, the field trials prove that significant cyanophycin production is possible without reduction of starch content. 28493168 6 57 theme influencing 926:936 arg1 greenhouse 1024:1033 greenhouse 1024:1033 greenhouse 1024:1033 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 57 theme influencing 926:936 arg1 factors 952:958 influencing environmental factors 926:958 influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) 926:1055 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 57 theme influencing 926:936 arg1 fertilization 991:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 nitrogen fertilization 982:1003 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 57 theme influencing 926:936 arg1 year 961:964 year 961:964 year of cultivation 961:979 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 57 theme influencing 926:936 arg1 origin 1006:1011 origin 1006:1011 origin of plants 1006:1021 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 57 theme influencing 926:936 arg1 cultivation 1044:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 field cultivation 1038:1054 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 3 58 theme greenhouse 398:407 arg1 trials 409:414 Field and greenhouse trials 388:414 trials 409:414 Field and greenhouse trials with transgenic potatoes (two independent events) were carried out for three years. 28493168 6 59 theme huge 816:819 arg1 data 831:834 data 831:834 data received 831:843 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 59 theme huge 816:819 arg1 amount 821:826 The huge amount 812:826 The huge amount of data received 812:843 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 2 60 theme system 325:330 arg1 stability 308:316 the stability 304:316 the stability of the system 304:330 To assess the efficiency in the field, we analysed the stability of the system, specifically its sensitivity to environmental factors. 28493168 4 61 theme factors 531:537 arg1 influence 504:512 The influence 500:512 The influence of environmental factors 500:537 The influence of environmental factors was measured and target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) were analysed for differences to control plants. 28493168 5 62 dep content 717:723 arg1 number 726:731 number 726:731 number 726:731 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 5 62 dep content 717:723 arg1 size 745:748 size 745:748 size 745:748 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 5 62 dep content 717:723 arg1 weight 734:739 weight 734:739 weight 734:739 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 1 63 theme promising 136:144 arg1 system 146:151 a promising system 134:151 a promising system for industrial production of the biopolymer cyanophycin 134:207 Potatoes are a promising system for industrial production of the biopolymer cyanophycin as a second compound in addition to starch. 28493168 1 63 theme promising 136:144 arg1 Potatoes 121:128 Potatoes 121:128 Potatoes 121:128 Potatoes are a promising system for industrial production of the biopolymer cyanophycin as a second compound in addition to starch. 28493168 0 64 from trials 113:118 arg1 analysis 34:41 Comparative statistical component analysis 0:41 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 0:119 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 8 65 theme content 1400:1406 arg1 reduction 1380:1388 reduction 1380:1388 reduction of starch content 1380:1406 Altogether, the field trials prove that significant cyanophycin production is possible without reduction of starch content. 28493168 6 66 theme amino 1085:1089 arg1 starch 1077:1082 starch 1077:1082 starch 1077:1082 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 66 theme amino 1085:1089 arg1 acids 1091:1095 amino acids 1085:1095 amino acids 1085:1095 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 67 theme data 831:834 arg1 data 831:834 data 831:834 data received 831:843 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 6 67 theme data 831:834 arg1 amount 821:826 The huge amount 812:826 The huge amount of data received 812:843 The huge amount of data received was handled using modern statistical approaches to model the correlation between influencing environmental factors (year of cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, origin of plants, greenhouse or field cultivation) and key components (starch, amino acids, cyanophycin) and agronomic characteristics. 28493168 7 68 theme modified 1268:1275 arg1 plants 1277:1282 conventional and genetically modified plants 1239:1282 conventional and genetically modified plants 1239:1282 General linear models were used for modelling, and standard effect sizes were applied to compare conventional and genetically modified plants. 28493168 10 69 theme quick 1520:1524 arg1 test 1526:1529 a quick test 1518:1529 a quick test to measure cyanophycin content 1518:1560 Additionally, a quick test to measure cyanophycin content gives similar results compared to the extensive enzymatic test. 28493168 7 70 theme standard 1193:1200 arg1 sizes 1209:1213 standard effect sizes 1193:1213 standard effect sizes 1193:1213 General linear models were used for modelling, and standard effect sizes were applied to compare conventional and genetically modified plants. 28493168 4 71 theme amino 612:616 arg1 cyanophycin 599:609 cyanophycin 599:609 cyanophycin 599:609 The influence of environmental factors was measured and target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) were analysed for differences to control plants. 28493168 4 71 theme amino 612:616 arg1 acids 618:622 amino acids 612:622 amino acids 612:622 The influence of environmental factors was measured and target compounds in the transgenic plants (cyanophycin, amino acids) were analysed for differences to control plants. 28493168 0 72 theme potatoes 80:87 arg1 analysis 34:41 Comparative statistical component analysis 0:41 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 0:119 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 0 73 from analysis 34:41 arg1 greenhouse 92:101 greenhouse 92:101 greenhouse 92:101 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 0 73 from analysis 34:41 arg1 trials 113:118 field trials 107:118 field trials 107:118 Comparative statistical component analysis of transgenic, cyanophycin-producing potatoes in greenhouse and field trials. 28493168 5 74 theme control 796:802 arg1 plants 804:809 control plants 796:809 control plants 796:809 Furthermore, non-target parameters (starch content, number, weight and size of tubers) were analysed for equivalence with control plants. 28493168 1 75 theme industrial 157:166 arg1 production 168:177 industrial production 157:177 industrial production of the biopolymer cyanophycin 157:207 Potatoes are a promising system for industrial production of the biopolymer cyanophycin as a second compound in addition to starch. 28493168 7 76 theme linear 1150:1155 arg1 models 1157:1162 General linear models 1142:1162 General linear models 1142:1162 General linear models were used for modelling, and standard effect sizes were applied to compare conventional and genetically modified plants. 27692033 9 0 theme sequence 1086:1093 arg1 similarity 1095:1104 the highest sequence similarity 1074:1104 the highest sequence similarity 1074:1104 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 10 1 theme phylogenetic 1231:1242 arg1 analyses 1244:1251 the phylogenetic analyses 1227:1251 the phylogenetic analyses 1227:1251 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 11 2 theme strain 1432:1437 arg1 39698T 1471:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 11 2 theme strain 1432:1437 arg1 LIP-1T 1439:1444 the type strain LIP-1T 1423:1444 the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T) 1423:1477 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 9 3 contain had 1070:1072 arg1 LIP-1T 982:987 strain LIP-1T 975:987 strain LIP-1T 975:987 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 9 3 contain had 1070:1072 arg2 similarity 1095:1104 the highest sequence similarity 1074:1104 the highest sequence similarity 1074:1104 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 2 4 attach isolated 209:216 arg2 strain 180:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T 118:203 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 2 4 attach isolated 209:216 arg1 soil 240:243 the contaminated soil 223:243 the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China 223:282 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 5 5 theme diamino 707:713 arg1 acid 715:718 the diagnostic diamino acid 692:718 the diagnostic diamino acid 692:718 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2δ with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27692033 5 5 theme diamino 707:713 arg1 type 647:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 619:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 619:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2δ with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27692033 3 6 dep optimum 480:486 arg1 pH 489:490 pH 7.0 489:494 pH 7.0 489:494 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 9 7 theme strain 975:980 arg1 LIP-1T 982:987 strain LIP-1T 975:987 strain LIP-1T 975:987 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 2 8 theme taxonomic 310:318 arg1 allocation 320:329 its taxonomic allocation 306:329 its taxonomic allocation 306:329 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 2 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 126:144 arg1 non-motile 147:156 non-motile 147:156 non-motile 147:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 2 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 126:144 arg1 rod-shaped 159:168 rod-shaped 159:168 rod-shaped 159:168 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 2 10 from China 278:282 arg1 soil 240:243 the contaminated soil 223:243 the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China 223:282 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 8 11 theme G+C 867:869 arg1 % 905:905 approximately 63.8 mol% 883:905 approximately 63.8 mol% 883:905 The genomic DNA G+C content was approximately 63.8 mol%. 27692033 8 11 theme G+C 867:869 arg1 content 871:877 The genomic DNA G+C content 851:877 The genomic DNA G+C content 851:877 The genomic DNA G+C content was approximately 63.8 mol%. 27692033 2 12 theme novel 120:124 arg1 strain 180:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T 118:203 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 2 13 theme factory 260:266 arg1 soil 240:243 the contaminated soil 223:243 the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China 223:282 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 6 14 theme unidentified 780:791 arg1 glycolipids 793:803 two unidentified glycolipids 776:803 two unidentified glycolipids 776:803 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. 27692033 5 15 theme diagnostic 696:705 arg1 acid 715:718 the diagnostic diamino acid 692:718 the diagnostic diamino acid 692:718 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2δ with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27692033 5 15 theme diagnostic 696:705 arg1 type 647:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 619:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 619:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2δ with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27692033 8 16 theme DNA 863:865 arg1 % 905:905 approximately 63.8 mol% 883:905 approximately 63.8 mol% 883:905 The genomic DNA G+C content was approximately 63.8 mol%. 27692033 8 16 theme DNA 863:865 arg1 content 871:877 The genomic DNA G+C content 851:877 The genomic DNA G+C content 851:877 The genomic DNA G+C content was approximately 63.8 mol%. 27692033 11 17 theme type 1427:1430 arg1 39698T 1471:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 11 17 theme type 1427:1430 arg1 LIP-1T 1439:1444 the type strain LIP-1T 1423:1444 the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T) 1423:1477 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 1 18 theme new 41:43 arg1 member 45:50 a new member 39:50 a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae 39:82 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from contaminated soil. 27692033 1 18 theme new 41:43 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from contaminated soil. 27692033 9 19 theme Gsoil 1139:1143 arg1 % 1157:1157 96.01 % 1151:1157 96.01 % 1151:1157 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 9 19 theme Gsoil 1139:1143 arg1 259T 1145:1148 Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T 1111:1148 Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %) 1111:1208 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 8 20 theme genomic 855:861 arg1 % 905:905 approximately 63.8 mol% 883:905 approximately 63.8 mol% 883:905 The genomic DNA G+C content was approximately 63.8 mol%. 27692033 8 20 theme genomic 855:861 arg1 content 871:877 The genomic DNA G+C content 851:877 The genomic DNA G+C content 851:877 The genomic DNA G+C content was approximately 63.8 mol%. 27692033 9 21 theme distinct 998:1005 arg1 clade 1007:1011 a distinct clade 996:1011 a distinct clade 996:1011 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 3 22 theme Cell 357:360 arg1 growth 362:367 Cell growth 357:367 Cell growth 357:367 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 9 23 theme Cryobacterium 1172:1184 arg1 SK1T 1195:1198 Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T 1172:1198 Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %) 1172:1208 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 9 23 theme Cryobacterium 1172:1184 arg1 % 1207:1207 94.94 % 1201:1207 94.94 % 1201:1207 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 0 24 theme soli 13:16 arg1 nov. 23:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 0:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 0:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 25 theme gen. 1327:1330 arg1 nov. 1332:1335 namely Huakuichenia gen. nov. 1307:1335 namely Huakuichenia gen. nov. 1307:1335 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 25 theme gen. 1327:1330 arg1 genus 1300:1304 a new genus 1294:1304 a new genus 1294:1304 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 26 theme Huakuichenia 1380:1391 arg1 nov. 1403:1406 the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 1362:1406 the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 1362:1406 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 26 theme Huakuichenia 1380:1391 arg1 sp 1409:1410 sp 1409:1410 sp 1409:1410 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 9 27 theme Microbacterium 1111:1124 arg1 % 1157:1157 96.01 % 1151:1157 96.01 % 1151:1157 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 9 27 theme Microbacterium 1111:1124 arg1 259T 1145:1148 Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T 1111:1148 Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %) 1111:1208 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 9 28 theme ginsengisoli 1126:1137 arg1 % 1157:1157 96.01 % 1151:1157 96.01 % 1151:1157 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 9 28 theme ginsengisoli 1126:1137 arg1 259T 1145:1148 Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T 1111:1148 Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %) 1111:1208 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 4 29 theme LIP-1T 530:535 arg1  0 577:578  0 577:578  0 577:578 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 29 theme LIP-1T 530:535 arg1  0 555:556  0 555:556  0 555:556 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 29 theme LIP-1T 530:535 arg1 anteiso-C15  542:553 anteiso-C15  542:553 anteiso-C15  542:553 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 29 theme LIP-1T 530:535 arg1 acids 514:518 The major fatty acids 498:518 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T 498:535 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 29 theme LIP-1T 530:535 arg1  0 606:607  0 606:607  0 606:607 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 0 30 theme Huakuichenia 0:11 arg1 nov. 23:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 0:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 0:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 11 31 with nov. 1413:1416 arg1 39698T 1471:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 11 31 with nov. 1413:1416 arg1 LIP-1T 1439:1444 the type strain LIP-1T 1423:1444 the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T) 1423:1477 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 4 32 dep anteiso-C15  542:553 arg1  0 606:607  0 606:607  0 606:607 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 32 dep anteiso-C15  542:553 arg1 % 564:564 50.8 % 559:564 50.8 % 559:564 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 32 dep anteiso-C15  542:553 arg1 % 586:586 17.6 % 581:586 17.6 % 581:586 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 32 dep anteiso-C15  542:553 arg1 anteiso-C15  542:553 anteiso-C15  542:553 anteiso-C15  542:553 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 32 dep anteiso-C15  542:553 arg1  0 555:556  0 555:556  0 555:556 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 32 dep anteiso-C15  542:553 arg1 % 615:615 17.4 % 610:615 17.4 % 610:615 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 32 dep anteiso-C15  542:553 arg1 acids 514:518 The major fatty acids 498:518 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T 498:535 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 32 dep anteiso-C15  542:553 arg1  0 577:578  0 577:578  0 577:578 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 10 33 theme phenotypic 1266:1275 arg1 characteristics 1277:1291 distinct phenotypic characteristics 1257:1291 distinct phenotypic characteristics 1257:1291 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 2 34 theme polyphasic 336:345 arg1 approach 347:354 a polyphasic approach 334:354 a polyphasic approach 334:354 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 10 35 theme species 1372:1378 arg1 nov. 1403:1406 the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 1362:1406 the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 1362:1406 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 35 theme species 1372:1378 arg1 sp 1409:1410 sp 1409:1410 sp 1409:1410 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 36 theme new 1296:1298 arg1 nov. 1332:1335 namely Huakuichenia gen. nov. 1307:1335 namely Huakuichenia gen. nov. 1307:1335 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 36 theme new 1296:1298 arg1 genus 1300:1304 a new genus 1294:1304 a new genus 1294:1304 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 9 37 theme 16S 939:941 arg1 sequences 953:961 16S rRNA gene sequences 939:961 16S rRNA gene sequences 939:961 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 1 38 theme family 59:64 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 66:82 the family Microbacteriaceae 55:82 the family Microbacteriaceae 55:82 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from contaminated soil. 27692033 0 39 theme gen. 18:21 arg1 nov. 23:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 0:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 0:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 2 40 theme pesticide 250:258 arg1 factory 260:266 a pesticide factory 248:266 a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China 248:282 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 9 41 theme family 1041:1046 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1048:1064 the family Microbacteriaceae 1037:1064 the family Microbacteriaceae 1037:1064 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 1 42 theme Microbacteriaceae 66:82 arg1 member 45:50 a new member 39:50 a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae 39:82 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from contaminated soil. 27692033 1 42 theme Microbacteriaceae 66:82 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from contaminated soil. 27692033 9 43 theme Phylogenetic 908:919 arg1 analysis 921:928 Phylogenetic analysis 908:928 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 908:961 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 9 44 dep Cryobacterium 1172:1184 arg1 arcticum 1186:1193 arcticum 1186:1193 arcticum 1186:1193 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 3 45 dep optimum 447:453 arg1 % 458:458 0 % 456:458 0 % 456:458 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 8 46 theme mol 902:904 arg1 % 905:905 approximately 63.8 mol% 883:905 approximately 63.8 mol% 883:905 The genomic DNA G+C content was approximately 63.8 mol%. 27692033 8 46 theme mol 902:904 arg1 content 871:877 The genomic DNA G+C content 851:877 The genomic DNA G+C content 851:877 The genomic DNA G+C content was approximately 63.8 mol%. 27692033 5 47 theme cell-wall 623:631 arg1 acid 715:718 the diagnostic diamino acid 692:718 the diagnostic diamino acid 692:718 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2δ with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27692033 5 47 theme cell-wall 623:631 arg1 type 647:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 619:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 619:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2δ with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27692033 2 48 from soil 240:243 arg1 China 278:282 China 278:282 China 278:282 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 4 49 theme fatty 508:512 arg1  0 577:578  0 577:578  0 577:578 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 49 theme fatty 508:512 arg1  0 555:556  0 555:556  0 555:556 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 49 theme fatty 508:512 arg1 anteiso-C15  542:553 anteiso-C15  542:553 anteiso-C15  542:553 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 49 theme fatty 508:512 arg1 acids 514:518 The major fatty acids 498:518 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T 498:535 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 49 theme fatty 508:512 arg1  0 606:607  0 606:607  0 606:607 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 10 50 theme novel 1366:1370 arg1 nov. 1403:1406 the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 1362:1406 the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 1362:1406 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 50 theme novel 1366:1370 arg1 sp 1409:1410 sp 1409:1410 sp 1409:1410 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 11 51 theme =CCTCC 1447:1452 arg1 39698T 1471:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 11 51 theme =CCTCC 1447:1452 arg1 LIP-1T 1439:1444 the type strain LIP-1T 1423:1444 the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T) 1423:1477 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 3 52 dep optimum 391:397 arg1 30 °C 400:404 30 °C 400:404 30 °C 400:404 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 4 53 theme major 502:506 arg1  0 577:578  0 577:578  0 577:578 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 53 theme major 502:506 arg1  0 555:556  0 555:556  0 555:556 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 53 theme major 502:506 arg1 anteiso-C15  542:553 anteiso-C15  542:553 anteiso-C15  542:553 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 53 theme major 502:506 arg1 acids 514:518 The major fatty acids 498:518 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T 498:535 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 4 53 theme major 502:506 arg1  0 606:607  0 606:607  0 606:607 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 11 54 theme 2015422T=KCTC 1457:1469 arg1 39698T 1471:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 11 54 theme 2015422T=KCTC 1457:1469 arg1 LIP-1T 1439:1444 the type strain LIP-1T 1423:1444 the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T) 1423:1477 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 6 55 theme polar 731:735 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 749:770 diphosphatidylglycerol 749:770 diphosphatidylglycerol 749:770 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. 27692033 6 55 theme polar 731:735 arg1 lipids 737:742 The major polar lipids 721:742 The major polar lipids 721:742 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. 27692033 10 56 theme Huakuichenia 1314:1325 arg1 nov. 1332:1335 namely Huakuichenia gen. nov. 1307:1335 namely Huakuichenia gen. nov. 1307:1335 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 56 theme Huakuichenia 1314:1325 arg1 genus 1300:1304 a new genus 1294:1304 a new genus 1294:1304 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 2 57 theme Gram-stain-positive 126:144 arg1 strain 180:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T 118:203 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 0 58 dep sp 29:30 arg1 nov. 23:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 0:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 0:26 Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 7 59 theme major 810:814 arg1 menaquinones 816:827 The major menaquinones 806:827 The major menaquinones 806:827 The major menaquinones were MK-12 and MK-11. 27692033 7 59 theme major 810:814 arg1 MK-12 834:838 MK-12 834:838 MK-12 834:838 The major menaquinones were MK-12 and MK-11. 27692033 3 60 theme 0-2.0  427:432 arg1 optimum 447:453 optimum 447:453 optimum 447:453 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 3 60 theme 0-2.0  427:432 arg1 NaCl 441:444 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl 427:444 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) 427:459 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 10 61 theme gen. 1398:1401 arg1 nov. 1403:1406 the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 1362:1406 the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 1362:1406 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 61 theme gen. 1398:1401 arg1 sp 1409:1410 sp 1409:1410 sp 1409:1410 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 6 62 theme major 725:729 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 749:770 diphosphatidylglycerol 749:770 diphosphatidylglycerol 749:770 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. 27692033 6 62 theme major 725:729 arg1 lipids 737:742 The major polar lipids 721:742 The major polar lipids 721:742 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. 27692033 10 63 dep analyses 1244:1251 arg1 basis 1218:1222 basis 1218:1222 basis 1218:1222 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 63 dep analyses 1244:1251 arg1 the 1214:1216 the 1214:1216 the 1214:1216 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 9 64 theme Microbacteriaceae 1048:1064 arg1 radiation 1024:1032 the radiation 1020:1032 the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae 1020:1064 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 10 65 theme distinct 1257:1264 arg1 characteristics 1277:1291 distinct phenotypic characteristics 1257:1291 distinct phenotypic characteristics 1257:1291 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 3 66 theme w/v 436:438 arg1 optimum 447:453 optimum 447:453 optimum 447:453 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 3 66 theme w/v 436:438 arg1 NaCl 441:444 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl 427:444 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) 427:459 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 3 67 theme % 433:433 arg1 optimum 447:453 optimum 447:453 optimum 447:453 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 3 67 theme % 433:433 arg1 NaCl 441:444 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl 427:444 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) 427:459 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 4 68 theme strain 523:528 arg1 LIP-1T 530:535 strain LIP-1T 523:535 strain LIP-1T 523:535 The major fatty acids of strain LIP-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (50.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.4 %). 27692033 9 69 theme rRNA 943:946 arg1 sequences 953:961 16S rRNA gene sequences 939:961 16S rRNA gene sequences 939:961 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 2 70 theme bacterial 170:178 arg1 strain 180:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T 118:203 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 9 71 theme gene 948:951 arg1 sequences 953:961 16S rRNA gene sequences 939:961 16S rRNA gene sequences 939:961 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 1 72 theme contaminated 99:110 arg1 soil 112:115 contaminated soil 99:115 contaminated soil 99:115 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from contaminated soil. 27692033 5 73 theme peptidoglycan 633:645 arg1 acid 715:718 the diagnostic diamino acid 692:718 the diagnostic diamino acid 692:718 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2δ with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27692033 5 73 theme peptidoglycan 633:645 arg1 type 647:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 619:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 619:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2δ with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27692033 2 74 theme contaminated 227:238 arg1 soil 240:243 the contaminated soil 223:243 the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China 223:282 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 5 75 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 665:682 arg1 acid 684:687 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 665:687 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 665:687 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2δ with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27692033 2 76 from factory 260:266 arg1 China 278:282 China 278:282 China 278:282 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated LIP-1T was isolated from the contaminated soil of a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic allocation by a polyphasic approach. 27692033 9 77 theme highest 1078:1084 arg1 similarity 1095:1104 the highest sequence similarity 1074:1104 the highest sequence similarity 1074:1104 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LIP-1T formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium ginsengisoli Gsoil 259T (96.01 %) followed by Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (94.94 %). 27692033 10 78 theme soli 1393:1396 arg1 nov. 1403:1406 the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 1362:1406 the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov. 1362:1406 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 10 78 theme soli 1393:1396 arg1 sp 1409:1410 sp 1409:1410 sp 1409:1410 On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, namely Huakuichenia gen. nov., is proposed, harbouring the novel species Huakuichenia soli gen. nov., sp. 27692033 3 79 theme NaCl 441:444 arg1 presence 415:422 the presence 411:422 the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) 411:459 Cell growth occurred at 16-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27692033 11 80 theme AB 1454:1455 arg1 39698T 1471:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 =CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T 1447:1476 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 27692033 11 80 theme AB 1454:1455 arg1 LIP-1T 1439:1444 the type strain LIP-1T 1423:1444 the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T) 1423:1477 nov. with the type strain LIP-1T (=CCTCC AB 2015422T=KCTC 39698T). 25951858 12 0 theme type 1422:1425 arg1 SG-1T 1466:1470 SG-1T 1466:1470 SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T) 1466:1504 The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus is SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T). 25951858 12 0 theme type 1422:1425 arg1 strain 1427:1432 The type strain 1418:1432 The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus 1418:1461 The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus is SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T). 25951858 6 1 theme predominant 585:595 arg1 menaquinone 597:607 the predominant menaquinone 581:607 the predominant menaquinone 581:607 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 8 2 theme cell-wall 761:769 arg1 A1γ 794:796 A1γ 794:796 A1γ (meso-DAP direct) 794:814 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-DAP direct). 25951858 8 2 theme cell-wall 761:769 arg1 type 785:788 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 757:788 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 757:788 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-DAP direct). 25951858 3 3 theme non-motile 323:332 arg1 rods 334:337 non-motile rods 323:337 non-motile rods that occurred singly or in chains 323:371 The cells were non-motile rods that occurred singly or in chains, and endospores were not observed under tested growth conditions. 25951858 3 3 theme non-motile 323:332 arg1 cells 312:316 The cells 308:316 The cells 308:316 The cells were non-motile rods that occurred singly or in chains, and endospores were not observed under tested growth conditions. 25951858 10 4 theme thermophilus 1385:1396 arg1 nov. 1403:1406 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 1372:1406 the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 1363:1406 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 7 5 theme polar 675:679 arg1 lipids 681:686 The polar lipids 671:686 The polar lipids 671:686 The polar lipids consisted mainly of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 25951858 4 6 theme % 497:497 arg1 NaCl 505:508 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl 493:508 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl 493:508 Optimum growth occurred at 50 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25951858 10 7 theme Novibacillus 1372:1383 arg1 nov. 1403:1406 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 1372:1406 the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 1363:1406 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 9 8 theme low 928:930 arg1 similarity 955:964 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 928:964 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, 928:1052 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 9 8 theme low 928:930 arg1 % 977:977 90.8-91.3 % 967:977 90.8-91.3 % 967:977 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 6 9 theme fatty 658:662 arg1 acids 664:668 the major fatty acids 648:668 the major fatty acids 648:668 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 6 9 theme fatty 658:662 arg1 MK-7 573:576 MK-7 573:576 MK-7 573:576 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 2 10 attach isolated 237:244 arg1 sample 286:291 a compost sample 276:291 a compost sample 276:291 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 2 10 attach isolated 237:244 arg2 SG-2 226:229 SG-2 226:229 SG-2 226:229 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 2 10 attach isolated 237:244 arg1 sample 265:270 a saline soil sample 251:270 a saline soil sample 251:270 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 2 10 attach isolated 237:244 arg2 SG-1T 216:220 SG-1T 216:220 SG-1T 216:220 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 2 10 attach isolated 237:244 arg2 strains 207:213 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains 145:213 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains 145:213 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 9 11 theme 16S 932:934 arg1 similarity 955:964 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 928:964 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, 928:1052 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 9 11 theme 16S 932:934 arg1 % 977:977 90.8-91.3 % 967:977 90.8-91.3 % 967:977 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 10 12 theme novel 1276:1280 arg1 genus 1282:1286 a novel genus 1274:1286 a novel genus 1274:1286 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 8 13 theme direct 808:813 arg1 meso-DAP 799:806 meso-DAP direct 799:813 meso-DAP direct 799:813 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-DAP direct). 25951858 8 13 theme direct 808:813 arg1 A1γ 794:796 A1γ 794:796 A1γ (meso-DAP direct) 794:814 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-DAP direct). 25951858 1 14 theme Gram-staining-negative 49:70 arg1 member 100:105 a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member 47:105 a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae 47:142 nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. 25951858 1 14 theme Gram-staining-negative 49:70 arg1 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. 25951858 6 15 theme major 652:656 arg1 acids 664:668 the major fatty acids 648:668 the major fatty acids 648:668 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 6 15 theme major 652:656 arg1 MK-7 573:576 MK-7 573:576 MK-7 573:576 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 9 16 from genera 1150:1155 arg1 family 1165:1170 this family 1160:1170 this family 1160:1170 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 8 17 theme peptidoglycan 771:783 arg1 A1γ 794:796 A1γ 794:796 A1γ (meso-DAP direct) 794:814 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-DAP direct). 25951858 8 17 theme peptidoglycan 771:783 arg1 type 785:788 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 757:788 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 757:788 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-DAP direct). 25951858 2 18 theme Gram-staining-negative 149:170 arg1 strains 207:213 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains 145:213 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains 145:213 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 2 18 theme Gram-staining-negative 149:170 arg1 SG-2 226:229 SG-2 226:229 SG-2 226:229 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 2 18 theme Gram-staining-negative 149:170 arg1 SG-1T 216:220 SG-1T 216:220 SG-1T 216:220 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 10 19 theme family 1311:1316 arg1 Thermoactinomycetaceae 1318:1339 the family Thermoactinomycetaceae 1307:1339 the family Thermoactinomycetaceae 1307:1339 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 9 20 theme sequence 946:953 arg1 similarity 955:964 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 928:964 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, 928:1052 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 9 20 theme sequence 946:953 arg1 % 977:977 90.8-91.3 % 967:977 90.8-91.3 % 967:977 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 9 21 theme gene 941:944 arg1 similarity 955:964 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 928:964 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, 928:1052 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 9 21 theme gene 941:944 arg1 % 977:977 90.8-91.3 % 967:977 90.8-91.3 % 967:977 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 5 22 theme 49.5-50.5 mol 535:547 arg1 % 548:548 49.5-50.5 mol% 535:548 49.5-50.5 mol% 535:548 The DNA G+C content was 49.5-50.5 mol%. 25951858 5 22 theme 49.5-50.5 mol 535:547 arg1 content 523:529 The DNA G+C content 511:529 The DNA G+C content 511:529 The DNA G+C content was 49.5-50.5 mol%. 25951858 3 23 theme tested 413:418 arg1 conditions 427:436 tested growth conditions 413:436 tested growth conditions 413:436 The cells were non-motile rods that occurred singly or in chains, and endospores were not observed under tested growth conditions. 25951858 0 24 theme Novibacillus 0:11 arg1 nov. 31:34 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 0:34 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 0:34 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 2 25 dep Gram-staining-negative 149:170 arg1 anaerobic 187:195 anaerobic 187:195 anaerobic 187:195 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 9 26 theme Phylogenetic 817:828 arg1 analyses 830:837 Phylogenetic analyses 817:837 Phylogenetic analyses 817:837 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 1 27 theme thermophilic 87:98 arg1 member 100:105 a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member 47:105 a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae 47:142 nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. 25951858 1 27 theme thermophilic 87:98 arg1 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. 25951858 9 28 theme well-supported 1067:1080 arg1 lineage 1082:1088 a well-supported lineage 1065:1088 a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family 1065:1170 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 3 29 theme growth 420:425 arg1 conditions 427:436 tested growth conditions 413:436 tested growth conditions 413:436 The cells were non-motile rods that occurred singly or in chains, and endospores were not observed under tested growth conditions. 25951858 10 30 theme gen. 1398:1401 arg1 nov. 1403:1406 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 1372:1406 the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 1363:1406 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 10 31 dep strains 1241:1247 arg1 strains 1241:1247 strains SG-1T and SG-2 1241:1262 strains SG-1T and SG-2 1241:1262 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 10 31 dep strains 1241:1247 arg1 SG-2 1259:1262 SG-2 1259:1262 SG-2 1259:1262 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 10 31 dep strains 1241:1247 arg1 SG-1T 1249:1253 SG-1T 1249:1253 SG-1T 1249:1253 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 0 32 theme gen. 26:29 arg1 nov. 31:34 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 0:34 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 0:34 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 2 33 theme compost 278:284 arg1 sample 286:291 a compost sample 276:291 a compost sample 276:291 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 12 34 theme 33118T = CGMCC 1481:1494 arg1 SG-1T 1466:1470 SG-1T 1466:1470 SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T) 1466:1504 The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus is SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T). 25951858 12 34 theme 33118T = CGMCC 1481:1494 arg1 1.12771T 1496:1503  = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T 1473:1503  = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T 1473:1503 The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus is SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T). 25951858 6 35 contain contained 563:571 arg2 MK-7 573:576 MK-7 573:576 MK-7 573:576 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 6 35 contain contained 563:571 arg1 strains 555:561 The strains 551:561 The strains 551:561 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 6 35 contain contained 563:571 arg2 acids 664:668 the major fatty acids 648:668 the major fatty acids 648:668 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 4 36 theme Optimum 439:445 arg1 growth 447:452 Optimum growth 439:452 Optimum growth 439:452 Optimum growth occurred at 50 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25951858 10 37 theme polyphasic 1186:1195 arg1 characterization 1207:1222 our polyphasic taxonomic characterization 1182:1222 our polyphasic taxonomic characterization 1182:1222 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 2 38 theme bacterial 197:205 arg1 strains 207:213 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains 145:213 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains 145:213 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 2 38 theme bacterial 197:205 arg1 SG-2 226:229 SG-2 226:229 SG-2 226:229 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 2 38 theme bacterial 197:205 arg1 SG-1T 216:220 SG-1T 216:220 SG-1T 216:220 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 9 39 theme rRNA 936:939 arg1 similarity 955:964 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 928:964 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, 928:1052 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 9 39 theme rRNA 936:939 arg1 % 977:977 90.8-91.3 % 967:977 90.8-91.3 % 967:977 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 4 40 dep % 497:497 arg1 w/v 500:502 w/v 500:502 w/v 500:502 Optimum growth occurred at 50 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25951858 9 41 theme new 857:859 arg1 isolates 861:868 the new isolates 853:868 the new isolates 853:868 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 0 42 dep sp 37:38 arg1 nov. 31:34 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 0:34 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 0:34 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 5 43 theme DNA 515:517 arg1 % 548:548 49.5-50.5 mol% 535:548 49.5-50.5 mol% 535:548 The DNA G+C content was 49.5-50.5 mol%. 25951858 5 43 theme DNA 515:517 arg1 content 523:529 The DNA G+C content 511:529 The DNA G+C content 511:529 The DNA G+C content was 49.5-50.5 mol%. 25951858 5 44 theme G+C 519:521 arg1 % 548:548 49.5-50.5 mol% 535:548 49.5-50.5 mol% 535:548 The DNA G+C content was 49.5-50.5 mol%. 25951858 5 44 theme G+C 519:521 arg1 content 523:529 The DNA G+C content 511:529 The DNA G+C content 511:529 The DNA G+C content was 49.5-50.5 mol%. 25951858 1 45 theme family 114:119 arg1 Thermoactinomycetaceae 121:142 the family Thermoactinomycetaceae 110:142 the family Thermoactinomycetaceae 110:142 nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. 25951858 12 46 theme  = KCTC 1473:1479 arg1 SG-1T 1466:1470 SG-1T 1466:1470 SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T) 1466:1504 The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus is SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T). 25951858 12 46 theme  = KCTC 1473:1479 arg1 1.12771T 1496:1503  = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T 1473:1503  = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T 1473:1503 The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus is SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T). 25951858 0 47 dep Novibacillus 0:11 arg1 thermophilus 13:24 thermophilus 13:24 thermophilus 13:24 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 6 48 dep MK-7 573:576 arg1  0 642:643  0 642:643  0 642:643 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 6 48 dep MK-7 573:576 arg1 anteiso-C15  629:640 anteiso-C15  629:640 anteiso-C15  629:640 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 6 48 dep MK-7 573:576 arg1  0 622:623  0 622:623  0 622:623 The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 25951858 12 49 theme thermophilus 1450:1461 arg1 SG-1T 1466:1470 SG-1T 1466:1470 SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T) 1466:1504 The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus is SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T). 25951858 12 49 theme thermophilus 1450:1461 arg1 strain 1427:1432 The type strain 1418:1432 The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus 1418:1461 The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus is SG-1T ( = KCTC 33118T = CGMCC 1.12771T). 25951858 1 50 theme Thermoactinomycetaceae 121:142 arg1 member 100:105 a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member 47:105 a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae 47:142 nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. 25951858 1 50 theme Thermoactinomycetaceae 121:142 arg1 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. 25951858 9 51 theme nearest 987:993 arg1 strain 1000:1005 the nearest type strain 983:1005 the nearest type strain 983:1005 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 9 51 theme nearest 987:993 arg1 YM11-542T 1043:1051 YM11-542T 1043:1051 YM11-542T 1043:1051 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 9 52 theme type 995:998 arg1 strain 1000:1005 the nearest type strain 983:1005 the nearest type strain 983:1005 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 9 52 theme type 995:998 arg1 YM11-542T 1043:1051 YM11-542T 1043:1051 YM11-542T 1043:1051 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 10 53 theme taxonomic 1197:1205 arg1 characterization 1207:1222 our polyphasic taxonomic characterization 1182:1222 our polyphasic taxonomic characterization 1182:1222 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 25951858 2 54 theme soil 260:263 arg1 sample 265:270 a saline soil sample 251:270 a saline soil sample 251:270 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 9 55 theme described 1140:1148 arg1 genera 1150:1155 all currently described genera 1126:1155 all currently described genera in this family 1126:1170 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 9 56 theme family 886:891 arg1 Thermoactinomycetaceae 893:914 the family Thermoactinomycetaceae 882:914 the family Thermoactinomycetaceae 882:914 Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542T, and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. 25951858 4 57 theme 5-7  493:496 arg1 % 497:497 % 497:497 % 497:497 Optimum growth occurred at 50 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25951858 2 58 theme saline 253:258 arg1 sample 265:270 a saline soil sample 251:270 a saline soil sample 251:270 Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. 25951858 10 59 dep name 1367:1370 arg1 nov. 1403:1406 Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 1372:1406 the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov. 1363:1406 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. 28501603 7 0 dep aureus 1058:1063 arg1 aureus 1069:1074 S. aureus 1066:1074 S. aureus 1066:1074 The AG/TN complex also displayed antioxidant and bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). 28501603 2 1 theme molar 349:353 arg1 weight 355:360 molar weight 349:360 molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1 349:381 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 0 2 theme medical 88:94 arg1 application 96:106 medical application 88:106 medical application 88:106 Polyelectrolyte complexes based on alginate/tanfloc: Optimization, characterization and medical application. 28501603 7 3 theme bactericidal 1011:1022 arg1 activities 1024:1033 antioxidant and bactericidal activities 995:1033 antioxidant and bactericidal activities 995:1033 The AG/TN complex also displayed antioxidant and bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). 28501603 6 4 with materials 816:824 arg1 cytocompatibility 843:859 outstanding cytocompatibility 831:859 outstanding cytocompatibility 831:859 Indeed, the AG and TN were tailored to elicit scaffold materials with outstanding cytocompatibility, mainly upon mouse preosteoblastic cells because of reconstruction of bone tissues (119% at 10days). 28501603 8 5 theme pristine 1091:1098 arg1 TN 1100:1101 the pristine TN 1087:1101 the pristine TN 1087:1101 Besides, the pristine TN fostered bacteriostatic and bactericidal performances towards S. aureus and Escherichia coli. 28501603 6 6 theme outstanding 831:841 arg1 cytocompatibility 843:859 outstanding cytocompatibility 831:859 outstanding cytocompatibility 831:859 Indeed, the AG and TN were tailored to elicit scaffold materials with outstanding cytocompatibility, mainly upon mouse preosteoblastic cells because of reconstruction of bone tissues (119% at 10days). 28501603 2 7 theme lower 294:298 arg1 pHs 290:292 pHs 290:292 pHs lower than 10 290:306 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 6 8 theme tissues 936:942 arg1 reconstruction 913:926 reconstruction 913:926 reconstruction of bone tissues (119% at 10days) 913:959 Indeed, the AG and TN were tailored to elicit scaffold materials with outstanding cytocompatibility, mainly upon mouse preosteoblastic cells because of reconstruction of bone tissues (119% at 10days). 28501603 5 9 theme SEM 670:672 arg1 technique 674:682 SEM technique 670:682 SEM technique 670:682 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 6 10 from 10days 953:958 arg1 % 948:948 119% 945:948 119% 945:948 Indeed, the AG and TN were tailored to elicit scaffold materials with outstanding cytocompatibility, mainly upon mouse preosteoblastic cells because of reconstruction of bone tissues (119% at 10days). 28501603 6 11 theme bone 931:934 arg1 tissues 936:942 bone tissues 931:942 bone tissues (119% at 10days) 931:959 Indeed, the AG and TN were tailored to elicit scaffold materials with outstanding cytocompatibility, mainly upon mouse preosteoblastic cells because of reconstruction of bone tissues (119% at 10days). 28501603 1 12 dep alginate 128:135 arg1 biopolymer 161:170 a cationic biopolymer 150:170 a cationic biopolymer obtained from natural condensed tannins 150:210 Hydrogels based on alginate and tanfloc (a cationic biopolymer obtained from natural condensed tannins) were successfully prepared. 28501603 2 13 theme 600,000gmol-1 369:381 arg1 sites 339:343 substituted amino sites 321:343 substituted amino sites 321:343 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 13 theme 600,000gmol-1 369:381 arg1 weight 355:360 molar weight 349:360 molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1 349:381 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 13 theme 600,000gmol-1 369:381 arg1 600,000gmol-1 369:381 ca. 600,000gmol-1 365:381 ca. 600,000gmol-1 365:381 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 6 14 theme scaffold 807:814 arg1 materials 816:824 scaffold materials 807:824 scaffold materials with outstanding cytocompatibility 807:859 Indeed, the AG and TN were tailored to elicit scaffold materials with outstanding cytocompatibility, mainly upon mouse preosteoblastic cells because of reconstruction of bone tissues (119% at 10days). 28501603 3 15 used used 412:415 arg2 22 404:405 22 404:405 22 404:405 A factorial design (22) was used to optimize the yield of alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). 28501603 3 15 used used 412:415 arg2 design 396:401 A factorial design 384:401 A factorial design (22) 384:406 A factorial design (22) was used to optimize the yield of alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). 28501603 1 16 theme natural 186:192 arg1 tannins 204:210 natural condensed tannins 186:210 natural condensed tannins 186:210 Hydrogels based on alginate and tanfloc (a cationic biopolymer obtained from natural condensed tannins) were successfully prepared. 28501603 5 17 theme non-homogeneous 738:752 arg1 pores 754:758 non-homogeneous pores 738:758 non-homogeneous pores 738:758 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 8 18 theme bacteriostatic 1112:1125 arg1 performances 1144:1155 bacteriostatic and bactericidal performances 1112:1155 bacteriostatic and bactericidal performances 1112:1155 Besides, the pristine TN fostered bacteriostatic and bactericidal performances towards S. aureus and Escherichia coli. 28501603 5 19 theme thermal 602:608 arg1 TGA/DTG 620:626 TGA/DTG 620:626 TGA/DTG 620:626 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 5 19 theme thermal 602:608 arg1 analyses 610:617 thermal analyses 602:617 thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC) 602:635 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 5 19 theme thermal 602:608 arg1 DSC 632:634 DSC 632:634 DSC 632:634 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 1 20 theme condensed 194:202 arg1 tannins 204:210 natural condensed tannins 186:210 natural condensed tannins 186:210 Hydrogels based on alginate and tanfloc (a cationic biopolymer obtained from natural condensed tannins) were successfully prepared. 28501603 0 21 theme Polyelectrolyte 0:14 arg1 complexes 16:24 Polyelectrolyte complexes 0:24 Polyelectrolyte complexes 0:24 Polyelectrolyte complexes based on alginate/tanfloc: Optimization, characterization and medical application. 28501603 9 22 theme medical 1297:1303 arg1 purpose 1305:1311 medical purpose 1297:1311 medical purpose 1297:1311 However, for our best knowledge, no studies were still carried out on TN and TN-based materials for medical purpose. 28501603 2 23 theme ca. 365:367 arg1 600,000gmol-1 369:381 ca. 600,000gmol-1 365:381 ca. 600,000gmol-1 365:381 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 4 24 theme alginate 528:535 arg1 overplus 516:523 the overplus 512:523 the overplus of alginate (AG) no complexed with TN 512:561 Dialysis recovered the overplus of alginate (AG) no complexed with TN. 28501603 7 25 theme antioxidant 995:1005 arg1 activities 1024:1033 antioxidant and bactericidal activities 995:1033 antioxidant and bactericidal activities 995:1033 The AG/TN complex also displayed antioxidant and bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). 28501603 8 26 theme bactericidal 1131:1142 arg1 performances 1144:1155 bacteriostatic and bactericidal performances 1112:1155 bacteriostatic and bactericidal performances 1112:1155 Besides, the pristine TN fostered bacteriostatic and bactericidal performances towards S. aureus and Escherichia coli. 28501603 5 27 theme AG/TN 712:716 arg1 complex 718:724 AG/TN complex 712:724 AG/TN complex 712:724 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 9 28 theme TN-based 1274:1281 arg1 materials 1283:1291 TN-based materials 1274:1291 TN-based materials 1274:1291 However, for our best knowledge, no studies were still carried out on TN and TN-based materials for medical purpose. 28501603 5 29 dep analyses 610:617 arg1 TGA/DTG 620:626 TGA/DTG 620:626 TGA/DTG 620:626 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 5 29 dep analyses 610:617 arg1 analyses 610:617 thermal analyses 602:617 thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC) 602:635 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 5 29 dep analyses 610:617 arg1 DSC 632:634 DSC 632:634 DSC 632:634 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 3 30 theme factorial 386:394 arg1 design 396:401 A factorial design 384:401 A factorial design (22) 384:406 A factorial design (22) was used to optimize the yield of alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). 28501603 3 30 theme factorial 386:394 arg1 22 404:405 22 404:405 22 404:405 A factorial design (22) was used to optimize the yield of alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). 28501603 6 31 theme preosteoblastic 880:894 arg1 cells 896:900 mouse preosteoblastic cells 874:900 mouse preosteoblastic cells 874:900 Indeed, the AG and TN were tailored to elicit scaffold materials with outstanding cytocompatibility, mainly upon mouse preosteoblastic cells because of reconstruction of bone tissues (119% at 10days). 28501603 7 32 theme AG/TN 966:970 arg1 complex 972:978 The AG/TN complex 962:978 The AG/TN complex 962:978 The AG/TN complex also displayed antioxidant and bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). 28501603 3 33 theme complexes 475:483 arg1 yield 433:437 the yield 429:437 the yield of alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) 429:490 A factorial design (22) was used to optimize the yield of alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). 28501603 6 34 theme mouse 874:878 arg1 cells 896:900 mouse preosteoblastic cells 874:900 mouse preosteoblastic cells 874:900 Indeed, the AG and TN were tailored to elicit scaffold materials with outstanding cytocompatibility, mainly upon mouse preosteoblastic cells because of reconstruction of bone tissues (119% at 10days). 28501603 6 35 dep tissues 936:942 arg1 % 948:948 119% 945:948 119% 945:948 Indeed, the AG and TN were tailored to elicit scaffold materials with outstanding cytocompatibility, mainly upon mouse preosteoblastic cells because of reconstruction of bone tissues (119% at 10days). 28501603 5 36 contain containing 727:736 arg2 pores 754:758 non-homogeneous pores 738:758 non-homogeneous pores 738:758 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 5 36 contain containing 727:736 arg1 complex 718:724 AG/TN complex 712:724 AG/TN complex 712:724 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 2 37 theme amino 333:337 arg1 sites 339:343 substituted amino sites 321:343 substituted amino sites 321:343 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 37 theme amino 333:337 arg1 600,000gmol-1 369:381 ca. 600,000gmol-1 365:381 ca. 600,000gmol-1 365:381 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 5 38 theme zeta 638:641 arg1 potential 643:651 zeta potential 638:651 zeta potential 638:651 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 2 39 theme aqueous 268:274 arg1 solubility 276:285 high aqueous solubility 263:285 high aqueous solubility 263:285 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 40 theme substituted 321:331 arg1 sites 339:343 substituted amino sites 321:343 substituted amino sites 321:343 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 40 theme substituted 321:331 arg1 600,000gmol-1 369:381 ca. 600,000gmol-1 365:381 ca. 600,000gmol-1 365:381 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 41 theme high 263:266 arg1 solubility 276:285 high aqueous solubility 263:285 high aqueous solubility 263:285 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 3 42 theme polyelectrolyte 459:473 arg1 complexes 475:483 alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes 442:483 alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) 442:490 A factorial design (22) was used to optimize the yield of alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). 28501603 3 42 theme polyelectrolyte 459:473 arg1 PECs 486:489 PECs 486:489 PECs 486:489 A factorial design (22) was used to optimize the yield of alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). 28501603 3 43 theme alginate/tanfloc 442:457 arg1 complexes 475:483 alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes 442:483 alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) 442:490 A factorial design (22) was used to optimize the yield of alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). 28501603 3 43 theme alginate/tanfloc 442:457 arg1 PECs 486:489 PECs 486:489 PECs 486:489 A factorial design (22) was used to optimize the yield of alginate/tanfloc polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). 28501603 9 44 theme best 1214:1217 arg1 knowledge 1219:1227 our best knowledge 1210:1227 our best knowledge 1210:1227 However, for our best knowledge, no studies were still carried out on TN and TN-based materials for medical purpose. 28501603 5 45 theme rough 695:699 arg1 surface 701:707 a rough surface 693:707 a rough surface 693:707 These materials were characterized by thermal analyses (TGA/DTG and DSC), zeta potential, and FTIR, while SEM technique depicted a rough surface on AG/TN complex, containing non-homogeneous pores. 28501603 2 46 contain contains 312:319 arg2 weight 355:360 molar weight 349:360 molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1 349:381 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 46 contain contains 312:319 arg2 sites 339:343 substituted amino sites 321:343 substituted amino sites 321:343 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 46 contain contains 312:319 arg2 600,000gmol-1 369:381 ca. 600,000gmol-1 365:381 ca. 600,000gmol-1 365:381 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 46 contain contains 312:319 arg1 it 309:310 it 309:310 it 309:310 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 1 47 theme cationic 152:159 arg1 biopolymer 161:170 a cationic biopolymer 150:170 a cationic biopolymer obtained from natural condensed tannins 150:210 Hydrogels based on alginate and tanfloc (a cationic biopolymer obtained from natural condensed tannins) were successfully prepared. 28501603 2 48 attach presents 254:261 arg1 pHs 290:292 pHs 290:292 pHs lower than 10 290:306 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 48 attach presents 254:261 arg2 TN 250:251 TN 250:251 TN 250:251 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28501603 2 48 attach presents 254:261 arg2 Tanfloc 241:247 Tanfloc 241:247 Tanfloc (TN) 241:252 Tanfloc (TN) presents high aqueous solubility at pHs lower than 10; it contains substituted amino sites and molar weight of ca. 600,000gmol-1. 28036250 2 0 theme taxonomic 93:101 arg1 study 103:107 A polyphasic taxonomic study 80:107 A polyphasic taxonomic study 80:107 A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain EBR-4-2T isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 28036250 4 1 theme gene 299:302 arg1 studies 313:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 278:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 278:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 7 2 theme phosphatidylinositol 901:920 arg1 mannoside 922:930 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 901:930 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 901:930 The major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and glycolipid. 28036250 10 3 theme menaquinone 1119:1129 arg1 H4 1137:1138 H4 1137:1138 H4 1137:1138 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 28036250 10 3 theme menaquinone 1119:1129 arg1 MK-10 1131:1135 menaquinone MK-10 1119:1135 menaquinone MK-10(H4) 1119:1139 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 28036250 10 3 theme menaquinone 1119:1129 arg1 quinone 1093:1099 The respiratory quinone 1077:1099 The respiratory quinone 1077:1099 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 28036250 5 4 theme genus 700:704 arg1 Actinotalea 706:716 the genus Actinotalea 696:716 the genus Actinotalea 696:716 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea. 28036250 2 5 theme polyphasic 82:91 arg1 study 103:107 A polyphasic taxonomic study 80:107 A polyphasic taxonomic study 80:107 A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain EBR-4-2T isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 28036250 2 6 theme strain 128:133 arg1 EBR-4-2T 135:142 strain EBR-4-2T 128:142 strain EBR-4-2T isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea 128:183 A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain EBR-4-2T isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 28036250 11 7 theme strain 1273:1278 arg1 EBR-4-2T 1280:1287 strain EBR-4-2T 1273:1287 strain EBR-4-2T 1273:1287 Based on evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain EBR-4-2T should be designated as representing a novel species named Actinotalea caeni sp. 28036250 4 8 theme fermentans 542:551 arg1 3133T 557:561 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T 530:561 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 530:570 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 8 theme fermentans 542:551 arg1 % 569:569 96.2 % 564:569 96.2 % 564:569 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 9 theme Actinotalea 447:457 arg1 60002T 471:476 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 447:476 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %) 447:485 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 9 theme Actinotalea 447:457 arg1 % 484:484 98.7 % 479:484 98.7 % 479:484 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 1 10 theme sludge 44:49 arg1 sample 51:56 a sludge sample 42:56 a sludge sample of a biofilm reactor 42:77 nov., isolated from a sludge sample of a biofilm reactor. 28036250 4 11 theme Actinotalea 530:540 arg1 3133T 557:561 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T 530:561 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 530:570 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 11 theme Actinotalea 530:540 arg1 % 569:569 96.2 % 564:569 96.2 % 564:569 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 5 12 theme clear 664:668 arg1 lineage 683:689 a clear phylogenetic lineage 662:689 a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea 662:716 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea. 28036250 6 13 theme fatty 729:733 arg1 C15  760:763 C15  760:763 C15  760:763 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 13 theme fatty 729:733 arg1 C15  805:808 C15  805:808 C15  805:808 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 13 theme fatty 729:733 arg1 C15  827:830 C15  827:830 C15  827:830 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 13 theme fatty 729:733 arg1 C16  786:789 C16  786:789 C16  786:789 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 13 theme fatty 729:733 arg1 acids 735:739 The major fatty acids 719:739 The major fatty acids 719:739 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 13 theme fatty 729:733 arg1 A 821:821 A 821:821 A 821:821 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 13 theme fatty 729:733 arg1 C16  777:780 C16  777:780 C16  777:780 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 4 14 contain had 395:397 arg2 similarities 429:440 the highest pairwise sequence similarities 399:440 the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 399:570 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 14 contain had 395:397 arg1 it 392:393 it 392:393 it 392:393 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 2 15 from reactor 168:174 arg1 Korea 179:183 Korea 179:183 Korea 179:183 A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain EBR-4-2T isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 28036250 4 16 theme EGI 467:469 arg1 60002T 471:476 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 447:476 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %) 447:485 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 16 theme EGI 467:469 arg1 % 484:484 98.7 % 479:484 98.7 % 479:484 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 6 17 theme major 723:727 arg1 C15  760:763 C15  760:763 C15  760:763 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 17 theme major 723:727 arg1 C15  805:808 C15  805:808 C15  805:808 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 17 theme major 723:727 arg1 C15  827:830 C15  827:830 C15  827:830 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 17 theme major 723:727 arg1 C16  786:789 C16  786:789 C16  786:789 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 17 theme major 723:727 arg1 acids 735:739 The major fatty acids 719:739 The major fatty acids 719:739 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 17 theme major 723:727 arg1 A 821:821 A 821:821 A 821:821 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 6 17 theme major 723:727 arg1 C16  777:780 C16  777:780 C16  777:780 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 10 18 theme respiratory 1081:1091 arg1 MK-10 1131:1135 menaquinone MK-10 1119:1135 menaquinone MK-10(H4) 1119:1139 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 28036250 10 18 theme respiratory 1081:1091 arg1 quinone 1093:1099 The respiratory quinone 1077:1099 The respiratory quinone 1077:1099 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 28036250 4 19 theme Comparative 278:288 arg1 studies 313:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 278:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 278:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 20 theme suaedae 459:465 arg1 60002T 471:476 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 447:476 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %) 447:485 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 20 theme suaedae 459:465 arg1 % 484:484 98.7 % 479:484 98.7 % 479:484 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 10 21 theme DNA 1158:1160 arg1 content 1166:1172 the genomic DNA G+C content 1146:1172 the genomic DNA G+C content 1146:1172 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 28036250 10 21 theme DNA 1158:1160 arg1 % 1204:1204 74.8 mol % 1195:1204 74.8 mol % 1195:1204 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 28036250 0 22 theme Actinotalea 0:10 arg1 caeni 12:16 Actinotalea caeni 0:16 Actinotalea caeni 0:16 Actinotalea caeni sp. 28036250 6 23 dep C15  760:763 arg1 iso 835:837 iso 835:837 iso 835:837 The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. 28036250 3 24 theme strain 199:204 arg1 Cells 186:190 Cells 186:190 Cells of the strain 186:204 Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped. 28036250 4 25 theme strain 358:363 arg1 affiliation 338:348 the clear affiliation 328:348 the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria 328:385 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 1 26 theme biofilm 63:69 arg1 reactor 71:77 a biofilm reactor 61:77 a biofilm reactor 61:77 nov., isolated from a sludge sample of a biofilm reactor. 28036250 11 27 theme novel 1328:1332 arg1 species 1334:1340 a novel species 1326:1340 a novel species named Actinotalea caeni sp 1326:1367 Based on evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain EBR-4-2T should be designated as representing a novel species named Actinotalea caeni sp. 28036250 9 28 theme whole-cell-wall 1029:1043 arg1 glucose 1057:1063 glucose 1057:1063 glucose 1057:1063 The whole-cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. 28036250 9 28 theme whole-cell-wall 1029:1043 arg1 sugars 1045:1050 The whole-cell-wall sugars 1025:1050 The whole-cell-wall sugars 1025:1050 The whole-cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. 28036250 1 29 theme reactor 71:77 arg1 sample 51:56 a sludge sample 42:56 a sludge sample of a biofilm reactor 42:77 nov., isolated from a sludge sample of a biofilm reactor. 28036250 2 30 attach isolated 144:151 arg1 reactor 168:174 a biofilm reactor 158:174 a biofilm reactor in Korea 158:183 A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain EBR-4-2T isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 28036250 2 30 attach isolated 144:151 arg2 EBR-4-2T 135:142 strain EBR-4-2T 128:142 strain EBR-4-2T isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea 128:183 A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain EBR-4-2T isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 28036250 7 31 theme major 844:848 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 877:898 diphosphatidylglycerol 877:898 diphosphatidylglycerol 877:898 The major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and glycolipid. 28036250 7 31 theme major 844:848 arg1 lipids 865:870 The major cellular polar lipids 840:870 The major cellular polar lipids 840:870 The major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and glycolipid. 28036250 7 32 theme cellular 850:857 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 877:898 diphosphatidylglycerol 877:898 diphosphatidylglycerol 877:898 The major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and glycolipid. 28036250 7 32 theme cellular 850:857 arg1 lipids 865:870 The major cellular polar lipids 840:870 The major cellular polar lipids 840:870 The major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and glycolipid. 28036250 4 33 theme pairwise 411:418 arg1 similarities 429:440 the highest pairwise sequence similarities 399:440 the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 399:570 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 34 theme highest 403:409 arg1 similarities 429:440 the highest pairwise sequence similarities 399:440 the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 399:570 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 35 with similarities 429:440 arg1 % 569:569 96.2 % 564:569 96.2 % 564:569 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 35 with similarities 429:440 arg1 CF5-4T 510:515 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T 488:515 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) 488:524 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 35 with similarities 429:440 arg1 % 484:484 98.7 % 479:484 98.7 % 479:484 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 35 with similarities 429:440 arg1 % 523:523 96.3 % 518:523 96.3 % 518:523 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 35 with similarities 429:440 arg1 3133T 557:561 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T 530:561 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 530:570 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 35 with similarities 429:440 arg1 60002T 471:476 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 447:476 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %) 447:485 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 8 36 theme peptidoglycan 974:986 arg1 A4β 997:999 A4β 997:999 A4β containing l-Orn-d-Glu 997:1022 The peptidoglycan type was A4β containing l-Orn-d-Glu. 28036250 8 36 theme peptidoglycan 974:986 arg1 type 988:991 The peptidoglycan type 970:991 The peptidoglycan type 970:991 The peptidoglycan type was A4β containing l-Orn-d-Glu. 28036250 13 37 theme =KCTC 1403:1407 arg1 EBR-4-2T 1393:1400 EBR-4-2T 1393:1400 EBR-4-2T (=KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T) 1393:1426 The type stain is EBR-4-2T (=KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T). 28036250 13 37 theme =KCTC 1403:1407 arg1 30447T 1420:1425 =KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T 1403:1425 =KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T 1403:1425 The type stain is EBR-4-2T (=KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T). 28036250 5 38 theme phylogenetic 670:681 arg1 lineage 683:689 a clear phylogenetic lineage 662:689 a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea 662:716 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea. 28036250 10 39 theme G+C 1162:1164 arg1 content 1166:1172 the genomic DNA G+C content 1146:1172 the genomic DNA G+C content 1146:1172 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 28036250 10 39 theme G+C 1162:1164 arg1 % 1204:1204 74.8 mol % 1195:1204 74.8 mol % 1195:1204 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 28036250 5 40 theme 16S 608:610 arg1 sequences 622:630 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 604:630 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 604:630 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea. 28036250 4 41 theme sequence 420:427 arg1 similarities 429:440 the highest pairwise sequence similarities 399:440 the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 399:570 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 13 42 theme 33604T=JCM 1409:1418 arg1 EBR-4-2T 1393:1400 EBR-4-2T 1393:1400 EBR-4-2T (=KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T) 1393:1426 The type stain is EBR-4-2T (=KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T). 28036250 13 42 theme 33604T=JCM 1409:1418 arg1 30447T 1420:1425 =KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T 1403:1425 =KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T 1403:1425 The type stain is EBR-4-2T (=KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T). 28036250 8 43 contain containing 1001:1010 arg2 l-Orn-d-Glu 1012:1022 l-Orn-d-Glu 1012:1022 l-Orn-d-Glu 1012:1022 The peptidoglycan type was A4β containing l-Orn-d-Glu. 28036250 8 43 contain containing 1001:1010 arg1 A4β 997:999 A4β 997:999 A4β containing l-Orn-d-Glu 997:1022 The peptidoglycan type was A4β containing l-Orn-d-Glu. 28036250 8 43 contain containing 1001:1010 arg1 type 988:991 The peptidoglycan type 970:991 The peptidoglycan type 970:991 The peptidoglycan type was A4β containing l-Orn-d-Glu. 28036250 4 44 theme ferrariae 500:508 arg1 CF5-4T 510:515 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T 488:515 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) 488:524 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 44 theme ferrariae 500:508 arg1 % 523:523 96.3 % 518:523 96.3 % 518:523 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 5 45 theme rRNA 612:615 arg1 sequences 622:630 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 604:630 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 604:630 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea. 28036250 11 46 from study 1246:1250 arg1 evidence 1216:1223 evidence 1216:1223 evidence from this polyphasic study 1216:1250 Based on evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain EBR-4-2T should be designated as representing a novel species named Actinotalea caeni sp. 28036250 4 47 theme clear 332:336 arg1 affiliation 338:348 the clear affiliation 328:348 the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria 328:385 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 5 48 theme Phylogenetic 573:584 arg1 analysis 586:593 Phylogenetic analysis 573:593 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences 573:630 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea. 28036250 11 49 theme caeni 1360:1364 arg1 sp 1366:1367 Actinotalea caeni sp 1348:1367 Actinotalea caeni sp 1348:1367 Based on evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain EBR-4-2T should be designated as representing a novel species named Actinotalea caeni sp. 28036250 4 50 theme Actinotalea 488:498 arg1 CF5-4T 510:515 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T 488:515 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) 488:524 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 50 theme Actinotalea 488:498 arg1 % 523:523 96.3 % 518:523 96.3 % 518:523 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 5 51 theme gene 617:620 arg1 sequences 622:630 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 604:630 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 604:630 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea. 28036250 13 52 theme type 1379:1382 arg1 EBR-4-2T 1393:1400 EBR-4-2T 1393:1400 EBR-4-2T (=KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T) 1393:1426 The type stain is EBR-4-2T (=KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T). 28036250 13 52 theme type 1379:1382 arg1 stain 1384:1388 The type stain 1375:1388 The type stain 1375:1388 The type stain is EBR-4-2T (=KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T). 28036250 7 53 theme polar 859:863 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 877:898 diphosphatidylglycerol 877:898 diphosphatidylglycerol 877:898 The major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and glycolipid. 28036250 7 53 theme polar 859:863 arg1 lipids 865:870 The major cellular polar lipids 840:870 The major cellular polar lipids 840:870 The major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and glycolipid. 28036250 2 54 theme biofilm 160:166 arg1 reactor 168:174 a biofilm reactor 158:174 a biofilm reactor in Korea 158:183 A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain EBR-4-2T isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 28036250 0 55 dep sp 18:19 arg1 caeni 12:16 Actinotalea caeni 0:16 Actinotalea caeni 0:16 Actinotalea caeni sp. 28036250 4 56 theme rRNA 294:297 arg1 studies 313:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 278:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 278:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 57 theme DSM 553:555 arg1 3133T 557:561 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T 530:561 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 530:570 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 4 57 theme DSM 553:555 arg1 % 569:569 96.2 % 564:569 96.2 % 564:569 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 5 58 with lineage 683:689 arg1 Actinotalea 706:716 the genus Actinotalea 696:716 the genus Actinotalea 696:716 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea. 28036250 4 59 theme 16S 290:292 arg1 studies 313:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 278:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 278:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 11 60 theme Actinotalea 1348:1358 arg1 sp 1366:1367 Actinotalea caeni sp 1348:1367 Actinotalea caeni sp 1348:1367 Based on evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain EBR-4-2T should be designated as representing a novel species named Actinotalea caeni sp. 28036250 11 61 theme polyphasic 1235:1244 arg1 study 1246:1250 this polyphasic study 1230:1250 this polyphasic study 1230:1250 Based on evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain EBR-4-2T should be designated as representing a novel species named Actinotalea caeni sp. 28036250 4 62 theme sequence 304:311 arg1 studies 313:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 278:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 278:319 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria, and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). 28036250 10 63 theme genomic 1150:1156 arg1 content 1166:1172 the genomic DNA G+C content 1146:1172 the genomic DNA G+C content 1146:1172 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 28036250 10 63 theme genomic 1150:1156 arg1 % 1204:1204 74.8 mol % 1195:1204 74.8 mol % 1195:1204 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. 27609815 9 0 theme acid 1827:1830 arg1 substitutions 1832:1844 minor amino acid substitutions 1815:1844 minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL 1815:1901 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 5 1 from residues 974:981 arg1 sequence 1011:1018 the phenylalanine zipper sequence 986:1018 the phenylalanine zipper sequence 986:1018 Replacing phenylalanine residues with alanine residues in the phenylalanine zipper sequence significantly compromised the anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 6 2 theme macrophage 1235:1244 arg1 cells 1246:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 8 3 theme antibacterial 1741:1753 arg1 activity 1755:1762 the antibacterial activity 1737:1762 the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide 1737:1784 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 4 4 theme several 821:827 arg1 analogs 835:841 several TempL analogs 821:841 several TempL analogs 821:841 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 6 5 theme rat 1211:1213 arg1 cells 1246:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 4 6 theme leucine 670:676 arg1 residues 678:685 leucine residues 670:685 leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence 670:779 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 3 7 theme TempL 588:592 arg1 composition 573:583 the same composition 564:583 the same composition of TempL 564:592 Several alanine-substituted analogs and a scrambled peptide having the same composition of TempL were designed for evaluating the role of this motif. 27609815 1 8 theme versatile 199:207 arg1 activities 223:232 versatile antimicrobial activities 199:232 versatile antimicrobial activities 199:232 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 9 9 theme minor 1815:1819 arg1 substitutions 1832:1844 minor amino acid substitutions 1815:1844 minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL 1815:1901 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 6 10 theme analogs 1295:1301 arg1 presence 1259:1266 the presence 1255:1266 the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself 1255:1319 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 4 11 theme phenylalanine 882:894 arg1 residues 896:903 these phenylalanine residues 876:903 these phenylalanine residues 876:903 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 4 12 theme a 725:725 arg1 s 748:748 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) 724:749 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence 724:779 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 5 13 theme TempL 1077:1081 arg1 property 1065:1072 the anti-endotoxin property 1046:1072 the anti-endotoxin property of TempL 1046:1081 Replacing phenylalanine residues with alanine residues in the phenylalanine zipper sequence significantly compromised the anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 8 14 theme antibacterial 1568:1580 arg1 activity 1582:1589 the antibacterial activity 1564:1589 the antibacterial activity of TempL 1564:1598 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 1 15 theme 13-residue 132:141 arg1 TempL 182:186 TempL 182:186 TempL 182:186 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 1 15 theme 13-residue 132:141 arg1 peptide 162:168 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide 130:168 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) 130:187 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 9 16 theme identified 1853:1862 arg1 sequence 1885:1892 the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 1849:1892 the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL 1849:1901 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 7 17 theme anti-endotoxin 1421:1434 arg1 property 1436:1443 anti-endotoxin property 1421:1443 anti-endotoxin property of TempL 1421:1452 However, replacement of these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues significantly augmented anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 4 18 theme phenylalanine 698:710 arg1 residues 712:719 phenylalanine residues 698:719 leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence 670:779 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 0 19 theme minor 55:59 arg1 substitution 72:83 minor amino acid substitution 55:83 minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 55:127 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 1 20 theme antimicrobial 148:160 arg1 TempL 182:186 TempL 182:186 TempL 182:186 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 1 20 theme antimicrobial 148:160 arg1 peptide 162:168 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide 130:168 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) 130:187 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 9 21 from substitutions 1832:1844 arg1 sequence 1885:1892 the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 1849:1892 the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL 1849:1901 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 9 22 theme zipper 1878:1883 arg1 sequence 1885:1892 the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 1849:1892 the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL 1849:1901 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 0 23 theme acid 67:70 arg1 substitution 72:83 minor amino acid substitution 55:83 minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 55:127 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 1 24 theme Temporin 170:177 arg1 L 179:179 Temporin L 170:179 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) 130:187 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 8 25 theme single 1457:1462 arg1 F8A-TempL 1498:1506 F8A-TempL 1498:1506 F8A-TempL 1498:1506 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 25 theme single 1457:1462 arg1 analog 1490:1495 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog 1455:1495 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) 1455:1507 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 26 dep able 1722:1725 arg1 analogs 1642:1648 the two single leucine-substituted analogs 1607:1648 the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL) 1607:1674 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 26 dep able 1722:1725 arg1 able 1722:1725 able 1722:1725 able 1722:1725 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 26 dep able 1722:1725 arg1 exhibiting 1686:1695 exhibiting 1686:1695 exhibiting lower cytotoxicity 1686:1714 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 27 theme single 1615:1620 arg1 F8L-TempL 1665:1673 F8L-TempL 1665:1673 F8L-TempL 1665:1673 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 27 theme single 1615:1620 arg1 exhibiting 1686:1695 exhibiting 1686:1695 exhibiting lower cytotoxicity 1686:1714 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 27 theme single 1615:1620 arg1 F5L-TempL 1651:1659 F5L-TempL 1651:1659 F5L-TempL 1651:1659 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 27 theme single 1615:1620 arg1 able 1722:1725 able 1722:1725 able 1722:1725 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 27 theme single 1615:1620 arg1 analogs 1642:1648 the two single leucine-substituted analogs 1607:1648 the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL) 1607:1674 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 2 28 theme TempL 400:404 arg1 property 388:395 the anti-microbial property 369:395 the anti-microbial property of TempL 369:404 To find out the amino acid sequences that influence the anti-microbial property of TempL, a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence was identified in it which was not reported earlier. 27609815 0 29 theme phenylalanine 99:111 arg1 sequence 120:127 identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 88:127 identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 88:127 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 5 30 theme phenylalanine 990:1002 arg1 sequence 1011:1018 the phenylalanine zipper sequence 986:1018 the phenylalanine zipper sequence 986:1018 Replacing phenylalanine residues with alanine residues in the phenylalanine zipper sequence significantly compromised the anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 1 31 dep peptide 162:168 arg1 L 179:179 Temporin L 170:179 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) 130:187 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 8 32 theme alanine-substituted 1464:1482 arg1 F8A-TempL 1498:1506 F8A-TempL 1498:1506 F8A-TempL 1498:1506 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 32 theme alanine-substituted 1464:1482 arg1 analog 1490:1495 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog 1455:1495 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) 1455:1507 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 2 33 theme zipper-like 423:433 arg1 sequence 435:442 a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence 407:442 a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence 407:442 To find out the amino acid sequences that influence the anti-microbial property of TempL, a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence was identified in it which was not reported earlier. 27609815 0 34 theme anti-endotoxin 14:27 arg1 property 29:36 anti-endotoxin property 14:36 anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L 14:50 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 1 35 theme new 291:293 arg1 agents 309:314 new antimicrobial agents 291:314 new antimicrobial agents 291:314 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 5 36 theme alanine 966:972 arg1 residues 974:981 alanine residues 966:981 alanine residues in the phenylalanine zipper sequence 966:1018 Replacing phenylalanine residues with alanine residues in the phenylalanine zipper sequence significantly compromised the anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 1 37 theme agents 309:314 arg1 development 276:286 the development 272:286 the development of new antimicrobial agents 272:314 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 5 38 theme anti-endotoxin 1050:1063 arg1 property 1065:1072 the anti-endotoxin property 1046:1072 the anti-endotoxin property of TempL 1046:1081 Replacing phenylalanine residues with alanine residues in the phenylalanine zipper sequence significantly compromised the anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 7 39 theme phenylalanine 1352:1364 arg1 residues 1366:1373 these phenylalanine residues 1346:1373 these phenylalanine residues 1346:1373 However, replacement of these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues significantly augmented anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 2 40 theme acid 339:342 arg1 sequences 344:352 the amino acid sequences 329:352 the amino acid sequences that influence the anti-microbial property of TempL 329:404 To find out the amino acid sequences that influence the anti-microbial property of TempL, a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence was identified in it which was not reported earlier. 27609815 0 41 theme L 50:50 arg1 property 29:36 anti-endotoxin property 14:36 anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L 14:50 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 6 42 theme interleukin-6 1158:1170 arg1 production 1116:1125 the higher production 1105:1125 the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1105:1250 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 3 43 contain having 557:562 arg1 analogs 525:531 Several alanine-substituted analogs 497:531 Several alanine-substituted analogs 497:531 Several alanine-substituted analogs and a scrambled peptide having the same composition of TempL were designed for evaluating the role of this motif. 27609815 3 43 contain having 557:562 arg2 composition 573:583 the same composition 564:583 the same composition of TempL 564:592 Several alanine-substituted analogs and a scrambled peptide having the same composition of TempL were designed for evaluating the role of this motif. 27609815 4 44 theme repeat 765:770 arg1 sequence 772:779 the heptad repeat sequence 754:779 the heptad repeat sequence 754:779 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 6 45 theme factor-α 1145:1152 arg1 production 1116:1125 the higher production 1105:1125 the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1105:1250 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 1 46 contain possesses 189:197 arg2 activities 223:232 versatile antimicrobial activities 199:232 versatile antimicrobial activities 199:232 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 1 46 contain possesses 189:197 arg1 TempL 182:186 TempL 182:186 TempL 182:186 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 1 46 contain possesses 189:197 arg1 peptide 162:168 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide 130:168 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) 130:187 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 8 47 theme reduced 1530:1536 arg1 cytotoxicity 1538:1549 significantly reduced cytotoxicity 1516:1549 significantly reduced cytotoxicity 1516:1549 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 6 48 from production 1116:1125 arg1 cells 1246:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 6 48 from production 1116:1125 arg1 evident 1092:1098 evident 1092:1098 evident 1092:1098 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 6 49 theme tumor 1130:1134 arg1 factor-α 1145:1152 tumor necrosis factor-α 1130:1152 tumor necrosis factor-α 1130:1152 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 9 50 theme action 2016:2021 arg1 mechanism 2003:2011 their plausible mechanism 1987:2011 their plausible mechanism of action 1987:2021 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 3 51 theme alanine-substituted 505:523 arg1 analogs 525:531 Several alanine-substituted analogs 497:531 Several alanine-substituted analogs 497:531 Several alanine-substituted analogs and a scrambled peptide having the same composition of TempL were designed for evaluating the role of this motif. 27609815 8 52 theme peptide 1778:1784 arg1 activity 1755:1762 the antibacterial activity 1737:1762 the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide 1737:1784 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 1 53 theme lead 254:257 arg1 molecule 259:266 a lead molecule 252:266 a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents 252:314 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 6 54 from evident 1092:1098 arg1 presence 1259:1266 the presence 1255:1266 the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself 1255:1319 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 6 55 theme bone-marrow-derived 1215:1233 arg1 cells 1246:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 3 56 theme scrambled 539:547 arg1 peptide 549:555 a scrambled peptide 537:555 a scrambled peptide 537:555 Several alanine-substituted analogs and a scrambled peptide having the same composition of TempL were designed for evaluating the role of this motif. 27609815 6 57 theme -stimulated 1199:1209 arg1 cells 1246:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 7 58 with replacement 1331:1341 arg1 residues 1388:1395 leucine residues 1380:1395 leucine residues 1380:1395 However, replacement of these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues significantly augmented anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 4 59 theme TempL 829:833 arg1 analogs 835:841 several TempL analogs 821:841 several TempL analogs 821:841 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 3 60 theme same 568:571 arg1 composition 573:583 the same composition 564:583 the same composition of TempL 564:592 Several alanine-substituted analogs and a scrambled peptide having the same composition of TempL were designed for evaluating the role of this motif. 27609815 4 61 theme leucine 910:916 arg1 residues 918:925 leucine residues 910:925 leucine residues 910:925 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 0 62 from substitution 72:83 arg1 sequence 120:127 identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 88:127 identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 88:127 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 2 63 theme amino 333:337 arg1 sequences 344:352 the amino acid sequences 329:352 the amino acid sequences that influence the anti-microbial property of TempL 329:404 To find out the amino acid sequences that influence the anti-microbial property of TempL, a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence was identified in it which was not reported earlier. 27609815 1 64 theme antimicrobial 209:221 arg1 activities 223:232 versatile antimicrobial activities 199:232 versatile antimicrobial activities 199:232 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 9 65 theme amino 1821:1825 arg1 substitutions 1832:1844 minor amino acid substitutions 1815:1844 minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL 1815:1901 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 6 66 theme alanine-substituted 1275:1293 arg1 analogs 1295:1301 its alanine-substituted analogs 1271:1301 its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself 1271:1319 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 9 67 with analogs 1915:1921 arg1 properties 1971:1980 better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties 1928:1980 better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties 1928:1980 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 8 68 theme TempL 1594:1598 arg1 activity 1582:1589 the antibacterial activity 1564:1589 the antibacterial activity of TempL 1564:1598 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 7 69 theme TempL 1448:1452 arg1 property 1436:1443 anti-endotoxin property 1421:1443 anti-endotoxin property of TempL 1421:1452 However, replacement of these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues significantly augmented anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 0 70 theme amino 61:65 arg1 substitution 72:83 minor amino acid substitution 55:83 minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 55:127 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 1 71 theme frog 143:146 arg1 TempL 182:186 TempL 182:186 TempL 182:186 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 1 71 theme frog 143:146 arg1 peptide 162:168 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide 130:168 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) 130:187 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 9 72 theme phenylalanine 1864:1876 arg1 sequence 1885:1892 the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 1849:1892 the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL 1849:1901 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 6 73 link bone-marrow-derived 1215:1233 arg1 cells 1246:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1175:1250 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 6 74 from presence 1259:1266 arg1 evident 1092:1098 evident 1092:1098 evident 1092:1098 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 0 75 theme identified 88:97 arg1 sequence 120:127 identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 88:127 identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 88:127 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 8 76 theme leucine-substituted 1622:1640 arg1 F8L-TempL 1665:1673 F8L-TempL 1665:1673 F8L-TempL 1665:1673 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 76 theme leucine-substituted 1622:1640 arg1 exhibiting 1686:1695 exhibiting 1686:1695 exhibiting lower cytotoxicity 1686:1714 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 76 theme leucine-substituted 1622:1640 arg1 F5L-TempL 1651:1659 F5L-TempL 1651:1659 F5L-TempL 1651:1659 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 76 theme leucine-substituted 1622:1640 arg1 able 1722:1725 able 1722:1725 able 1722:1725 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 76 theme leucine-substituted 1622:1640 arg1 analogs 1642:1648 the two single leucine-substituted analogs 1607:1648 the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL) 1607:1674 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 0 77 theme zipper 113:118 arg1 sequence 120:127 identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 88:127 identified phenylalanine zipper sequence 88:127 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 4 78 from s 748:748 arg1 residues 712:719 phenylalanine residues 698:719 leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence 670:779 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 6 79 theme higher 1109:1114 arg1 production 1116:1125 the higher production 1105:1125 the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells 1105:1250 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 5 80 theme phenylalanine 938:950 arg1 residues 952:959 phenylalanine residues 938:959 phenylalanine residues 938:959 Replacing phenylalanine residues with alanine residues in the phenylalanine zipper sequence significantly compromised the anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 7 81 theme leucine 1380:1386 arg1 residues 1388:1395 leucine residues 1380:1395 leucine residues 1380:1395 However, replacement of these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues significantly augmented anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 2 82 theme anti-microbial 373:386 arg1 property 388:395 the anti-microbial property 369:395 the anti-microbial property of TempL 369:404 To find out the amino acid sequences that influence the anti-microbial property of TempL, a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence was identified in it which was not reported earlier. 27609815 0 83 theme property 29:36 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 0:128 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 7 84 theme residues 1366:1373 arg1 replacement 1331:1341 replacement 1331:1341 replacement of these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues 1331:1395 However, replacement of these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues significantly augmented anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 9 85 theme antibacterial 1935:1947 arg1 properties 1971:1980 better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties 1928:1980 better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties 1928:1980 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 4 86 theme position 739:746 arg1 s 748:748 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) 724:749 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence 724:779 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 2 87 theme phenylalanine 409:421 arg1 sequence 435:442 a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence 407:442 a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence 407:442 To find out the amino acid sequences that influence the anti-microbial property of TempL, a phenylalanine zipper-like sequence was identified in it which was not reported earlier. 27609815 0 88 theme Temporin 41:48 arg1 L 50:50 Temporin L 41:50 Temporin L 41:50 Modulation of anti-endotoxin property of Temporin L by minor amino acid substitution in identified phenylalanine zipper sequence. 27609815 1 89 theme antimicrobial 295:307 arg1 agents 309:314 new antimicrobial agents 291:314 new antimicrobial agents 291:314 A 13-residue frog antimicrobial peptide Temporin L (TempL) possesses versatile antimicrobial activities and is considered a lead molecule for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 27609815 9 90 theme anti-endotoxin 1956:1969 arg1 properties 1971:1980 better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties 1928:1980 better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties 1928:1980 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 3 91 theme motif 640:644 arg1 role 627:630 the role 623:630 the role of this motif 623:644 Several alanine-substituted analogs and a scrambled peptide having the same composition of TempL were designed for evaluating the role of this motif. 27609815 8 92 theme TempL 1484:1488 arg1 F8A-TempL 1498:1506 F8A-TempL 1498:1506 F8A-TempL 1498:1506 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 92 theme TempL 1484:1488 arg1 analog 1490:1495 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog 1455:1495 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) 1455:1507 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 93 theme lower 1697:1701 arg1 cytotoxicity 1703:1714 lower cytotoxicity 1697:1714 lower cytotoxicity 1697:1714 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 4 94 theme antimicrobial 797:809 arg1 property 811:818 its antimicrobial property 793:818 its antimicrobial property 793:818 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 3 95 theme Several 497:503 arg1 analogs 525:531 Several alanine-substituted analogs 497:531 Several alanine-substituted analogs 497:531 Several alanine-substituted analogs and a scrambled peptide having the same composition of TempL were designed for evaluating the role of this motif. 27609815 9 96 from sequence 1885:1892 arg1 TempL 1897:1901 TempL 1897:1901 TempL 1897:1901 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 5 97 theme zipper 1004:1009 arg1 sequence 1011:1018 the phenylalanine zipper sequence 986:1018 the phenylalanine zipper sequence 986:1018 Replacing phenylalanine residues with alanine residues in the phenylalanine zipper sequence significantly compromised the anti-endotoxin property of TempL. 27609815 9 98 theme plausible 1993:2001 arg1 mechanism 2003:2011 their plausible mechanism 1987:2011 their plausible mechanism of action 1987:2021 The results demonstrate how minor amino acid substitutions in the identified phenylalanine zipper sequence in TempL could yield analogs with better antibacterial and/or anti-endotoxin properties with their plausible mechanism of action. 27609815 4 99 theme heptad 758:763 arg1 sequence 772:779 the heptad repeat sequence 754:779 the heptad repeat sequence 754:779 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 27609815 8 100 theme parent 1771:1776 arg1 peptide 1778:1784 the parent peptide 1767:1784 the parent peptide 1767:1784 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 101 dep analogs 1642:1648 arg1 F8L-TempL 1665:1673 F8L-TempL 1665:1673 F8L-TempL 1665:1673 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 101 dep analogs 1642:1648 arg1 F5L-TempL 1651:1659 F5L-TempL 1651:1659 F5L-TempL 1651:1659 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 8 101 dep analogs 1642:1648 arg1 analogs 1642:1648 the two single leucine-substituted analogs 1607:1648 the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL) 1607:1674 A single alanine-substituted TempL analog (F8A-TempL) showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity but retained the antibacterial activity of TempL, while the two single leucine-substituted analogs (F5L-TempL and F8L-TempL), although exhibiting lower cytotoxicity, were able to retain the antibacterial activity of the parent peptide. 27609815 6 102 theme necrosis 1136:1143 arg1 factor-α 1145:1152 tumor necrosis factor-α 1130:1152 tumor necrosis factor-α 1130:1152 This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself. 27609815 4 103 theme sequence 772:779 arg1 s 748:748 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) 724:749 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence 724:779 To investigate whether leucine residues instead of phenylalanine residues at 'a' and/or 'd' position(s) of the heptad repeat sequence could alter its antimicrobial property, several TempL analogs were synthesized after replacing these phenylalanine residues with leucine residues. 25504446 12 0 theme behavioural 1654:1664 arg1 changes 1666:1672 sensory and behavioural changes 1642:1672 sensory and behavioural changes 1642:1672 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes occur during the menstrual cycle. 25504446 6 1 theme luteal 986:991 arg1 phase 993:997 the luteal phase 982:997 the luteal phase 982:997 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 2 2 theme Asian 321:325 arg1 women 327:331 Asian women 321:331 Asian women 321:331 However, the contributory role of the menstrual cycle to obesity and insulin resistance among Asian women remains unclear. 25504446 5 3 theme syndrome 660:667 arg1 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 3 theme syndrome 660:667 arg1 severity 675:682 premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity 647:682 premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity 647:682 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 7 4 theme protein 1128:1134 arg1 intake 1136:1141 protein intake 1128:1141 protein intake 1128:1141 No significant differences were observed for carbohydrate and protein intake as well as PMS score. 25504446 11 5 theme cyclic 1505:1510 arg1 variations 1512:1521 non-significant cyclic variations 1489:1521 non-significant cyclic variations 1489:1521 However, non-significant cyclic variations were noted within and between the cycles. 25504446 2 6 theme contributory 240:251 arg1 role 253:256 the contributory role 236:256 the contributory role of the menstrual cycle to obesity and insulin resistance among Asian women 236:331 However, the contributory role of the menstrual cycle to obesity and insulin resistance among Asian women remains unclear. 25504446 5 7 theme metabolic 631:639 arg1 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 7 theme metabolic 631:639 arg1 rate 641:644 resting metabolic rate 623:644 resting metabolic rate 623:644 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 4 8 with subjects 518:525 arg1 cycles 550:555 regular menstrual cycles 532:555 regular menstrual cycles 532:555 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles were recruited. 25504446 12 9 theme energy 1597:1602 arg1 intake 1604:1609 energy intake 1597:1609 energy intake 1597:1609 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes occur during the menstrual cycle. 25504446 5 10 theme taste 688:692 arg1 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 10 theme taste 688:692 arg1 preference 694:703 taste preference 688:703 taste preference 688:703 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 2 11 theme menstrual 265:273 arg1 cycle 275:279 the menstrual cycle 261:279 the menstrual cycle 261:279 However, the contributory role of the menstrual cycle to obesity and insulin resistance among Asian women remains unclear. 25504446 1 12 theme taste 171:175 arg1 preference 177:186 taste preference 171:186 taste preference 171:186 PURPOSE In Caucasian women, research has shown that energy balance and taste preference change throughout the menstrual cycle. 25504446 8 13 theme menstrual 1304:1312 arg1 phase 1314:1318 the menstrual phase 1300:1318 the menstrual phase 1300:1318 In those evaluated for two full cycles (N = 13), we found that taste preference for sucrose and PMS score were significantly higher in the menstrual phase in Cycle 2 (p < 0.05). 25504446 9 14 located observed 1375:1382 arg2 differences 1358:1368 No significant differences 1343:1368 No significant differences 1343:1368 No significant differences were observed in energy and macronutrient intake throughout Cycle 2. 25504446 9 14 located observed 1375:1382 arg1 energy 1387:1392 energy 1387:1392 energy 1387:1392 No significant differences were observed in energy and macronutrient intake throughout Cycle 2. 25504446 9 14 located observed 1375:1382 arg1 intake 1412:1417 macronutrient intake 1398:1417 macronutrient intake 1398:1417 No significant differences were observed in energy and macronutrient intake throughout Cycle 2. 25504446 1 15 theme Caucasian 111:119 arg1 women 121:125 Caucasian women 111:125 Caucasian women 111:125 PURPOSE In Caucasian women, research has shown that energy balance and taste preference change throughout the menstrual cycle. 25504446 12 16 theme Cyclic 1576:1581 arg1 variations 1583:1592 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations 1565:1592 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes 1565:1672 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes occur during the menstrual cycle. 25504446 8 17 theme full 1192:1195 arg1 N = 13 1205:1210 N = 13 1205:1210 N = 13 1205:1210 In those evaluated for two full cycles (N = 13), we found that taste preference for sucrose and PMS score were significantly higher in the menstrual phase in Cycle 2 (p < 0.05). 25504446 8 17 theme full 1192:1195 arg1 cycles 1197:1202 two full cycles 1188:1202 two full cycles (N = 13) 1188:1211 In those evaluated for two full cycles (N = 13), we found that taste preference for sucrose and PMS score were significantly higher in the menstrual phase in Cycle 2 (p < 0.05). 25504446 3 18 from impact 369:374 arg1 balance 409:415 energy balance 402:415 energy balance 402:415 We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. 25504446 3 18 from impact 369:374 arg1 preference 427:436 taste preference 421:436 taste preference 421:436 We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. 25504446 0 19 theme taste 59:63 arg1 preference 65:74 taste preference 59:74 taste preference 59:74 The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Asian Chinese women. 25504446 5 20 theme body 590:593 arg1 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 20 theme body 590:593 arg1 composition 595:605 body composition 590:605 body composition 590:605 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 6 21 theme fat 913:915 arg1 p < 0.05 925:932 p < 0.05 925:932 p < 0.05 925:932 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 6 21 theme fat 913:915 arg1 intake 917:922 fat intake 913:922 fat intake (p < 0.05) 913:933 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 4 22 theme healthy 489:495 arg1 subjects 518:525 Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects 478:525 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles 470:555 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles were recruited. 25504446 3 23 theme energy 402:407 arg1 balance 409:415 energy balance 402:415 energy balance 402:415 We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. 25504446 7 24 theme significant 1069:1079 arg1 differences 1081:1091 No significant differences 1066:1091 No significant differences 1066:1091 No significant differences were observed for carbohydrate and protein intake as well as PMS score. 25504446 9 25 theme macronutrient 1398:1410 arg1 intake 1412:1417 macronutrient intake 1398:1417 macronutrient intake 1398:1417 No significant differences were observed in energy and macronutrient intake throughout Cycle 2. 25504446 14 26 theme energy 1951:1956 arg1 balance 1958:1964 energy balance 1951:1964 energy balance 1951:1964 Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle is needed to establish the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance. 25504446 13 27 theme weight 1743:1748 arg1 gain 1750:1753 cyclic weight gain 1736:1753 cyclic weight gain 1736:1753 Whether this contributes to cyclic weight gain is speculative and remains to be proven. 25504446 3 28 theme cycle 393:397 arg1 impact 369:374 the impact 365:374 the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females 365:467 We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. 25504446 4 29 theme regular 532:538 arg1 cycles 550:555 regular menstrual cycles 532:555 regular menstrual cycles 532:555 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles were recruited. 25504446 5 30 theme menstrual 817:825 arg1 cycles 827:832 two (N = 13) menstrual cycles 804:832 one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles 788:832 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 0 31 theme menstrual 21:29 arg1 cycle 31:35 the menstrual cycle 17:35 the menstrual cycle 17:35 The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Asian Chinese women. 25504446 5 32 theme follicular 759:768 arg1 menses 751:756 menses 751:756 menses 751:756 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 12 33 from variations 1583:1592 arg1 expenditure 1615:1625 expenditure 1615:1625 expenditure 1615:1625 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes occur during the menstrual cycle. 25504446 12 33 from variations 1583:1592 arg1 intake 1604:1609 energy intake 1597:1609 energy intake 1597:1609 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes occur during the menstrual cycle. 25504446 4 34 theme Chinese 503:509 arg1 subjects 518:525 Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects 478:525 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles 470:555 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles were recruited. 25504446 14 35 theme menstrual 1911:1919 arg1 cycle 1921:1925 the menstrual cycle 1907:1925 the menstrual cycle 1907:1925 Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle is needed to establish the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance. 25504446 8 36 theme PMS 1261:1263 arg1 score 1265:1269 PMS score 1261:1269 PMS score 1261:1269 In those evaluated for two full cycles (N = 13), we found that taste preference for sucrose and PMS score were significantly higher in the menstrual phase in Cycle 2 (p < 0.05). 25504446 6 37 from reductions 891:900 arg1 p < 0.05 925:932 p < 0.05 925:932 p < 0.05 925:932 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 6 37 from reductions 891:900 arg1 energy 905:910 energy 905:910 energy 905:910 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 6 37 from reductions 891:900 arg1 intake 917:922 fat intake 913:922 fat intake (p < 0.05) 913:933 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 6 37 from reductions 891:900 arg1 preference 945:954 taste preference 939:954 taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) 939:977 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 12 38 theme menstrual 1691:1699 arg1 cycle 1701:1705 the menstrual cycle 1687:1705 the menstrual cycle 1687:1705 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes occur during the menstrual cycle. 25504446 6 39 theme follicular 1017:1026 arg1 phase 1028:1032 early follicular phase 1011:1032 early follicular phase 1011:1032 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 2 40 theme insulin 296:302 arg1 resistance 304:313 insulin resistance 296:313 insulin resistance 296:313 However, the contributory role of the menstrual cycle to obesity and insulin resistance among Asian women remains unclear. 25504446 7 41 theme PMS 1154:1156 arg1 score 1158:1162 PMS score 1154:1162 carbohydrate and protein intake as well as PMS score 1111:1162 No significant differences were observed for carbohydrate and protein intake as well as PMS score. 25504446 3 42 theme taste 421:425 arg1 preference 427:436 taste preference 421:436 taste preference 421:436 We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. 25504446 1 43 theme menstrual 210:218 arg1 cycle 220:224 the menstrual cycle 206:224 the menstrual cycle 206:224 PURPOSE In Caucasian women, research has shown that energy balance and taste preference change throughout the menstrual cycle. 25504446 11 44 theme non-significant 1489:1503 arg1 variations 1512:1521 non-significant cyclic variations 1489:1521 non-significant cyclic variations 1489:1521 However, non-significant cyclic variations were noted within and between the cycles. 25504446 3 45 from balance 409:415 arg1 females 461:467 Singaporean Chinese females 441:467 Singaporean Chinese females 441:467 We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. 25504446 5 46 dep one 788:790 arg1 to 801:802 to 801:802 to 801:802 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 46 dep one 788:790 arg1 cycles 827:832 two (N = 13) menstrual cycles 804:832 one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles 788:832 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 47 theme premenstrual 647:658 arg1 PMS 670:672 PMS 670:672 PMS 670:672 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 47 theme premenstrual 647:658 arg1 syndrome 660:667 premenstrual syndrome 647:667 premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity 647:682 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 48 theme luteal 774:779 arg1 menses 751:756 menses 751:756 menses 751:756 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 49 theme resting 623:629 arg1 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 49 theme resting 623:629 arg1 rate 641:644 resting metabolic rate 623:644 resting metabolic rate 623:644 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 1 50 theme energy 152:157 arg1 balance 159:165 energy balance 152:165 energy balance 152:165 PURPOSE In Caucasian women, research has shown that energy balance and taste preference change throughout the menstrual cycle. 25504446 4 51 theme young 497:501 arg1 subjects 518:525 Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects 478:525 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles 470:555 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles were recruited. 25504446 2 52 theme cycle 275:279 arg1 role 253:256 the contributory role 236:256 the contributory role of the menstrual cycle to obesity and insulin resistance among Asian women 236:331 However, the contributory role of the menstrual cycle to obesity and insulin resistance among Asian women remains unclear. 25504446 6 53 theme significant 879:889 arg1 reductions 891:900 significant reductions 879:900 significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) 879:977 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 5 54 dep phases 743:748 arg1 menses 751:756 menses 751:756 menses 751:756 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 6 55 theme taste 939:943 arg1 preference 945:954 taste preference 939:954 taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) 939:977 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 8 56 dep higher 1290:1295 arg1 p < 0.05 1332:1339 p < 0.05 1332:1339 p < 0.05 1332:1339 In those evaluated for two full cycles (N = 13), we found that taste preference for sucrose and PMS score were significantly higher in the menstrual phase in Cycle 2 (p < 0.05). 25504446 3 57 theme Singaporean 441:451 arg1 females 461:467 Singaporean Chinese females 441:467 Singaporean Chinese females 441:467 We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. 25504446 9 58 theme significant 1346:1356 arg1 differences 1358:1368 No significant differences 1343:1368 No significant differences 1343:1368 No significant differences were observed in energy and macronutrient intake throughout Cycle 2. 25504446 12 59 theme CONCLUSION 1565:1574 arg1 variations 1583:1592 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations 1565:1592 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes 1565:1672 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes occur during the menstrual cycle. 25504446 4 60 theme Thirty-one 478:487 arg1 subjects 518:525 Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects 478:525 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles 470:555 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles were recruited. 25504446 14 61 from research 1804:1811 arg1 non-Caucasians 1816:1829 non-Caucasians 1816:1829 non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle 1816:1868 Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle is needed to establish the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance. 25504446 0 62 from influence 4:12 arg1 balance 47:53 energy balance 40:53 energy balance 40:53 The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Asian Chinese women. 25504446 0 62 from influence 4:12 arg1 preference 65:74 taste preference 59:74 taste preference 59:74 The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Asian Chinese women. 25504446 0 63 theme Asian 79:83 arg1 women 93:97 Asian Chinese women 79:97 Asian Chinese women 79:97 The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Asian Chinese women. 25504446 5 64 theme energy 608:613 arg1 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics 573:587 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 5 64 theme energy 608:613 arg1 intake 615:620 energy intake 608:620 energy intake 608:620 Anthropometrics, body composition, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity and taste preference to sucrose were assessed during three phases (menses, follicular and luteal), over one (N = 18) to two (N = 13) menstrual cycles. 25504446 1 65 dep PURPOSE 100:106 arg1 women 121:125 Caucasian women 111:125 Caucasian women 111:125 PURPOSE In Caucasian women, research has shown that energy balance and taste preference change throughout the menstrual cycle. 25504446 13 66 theme cyclic 1736:1741 arg1 gain 1750:1753 cyclic weight gain 1736:1753 cyclic weight gain 1736:1753 Whether this contributes to cyclic weight gain is speculative and remains to be proven. 25504446 4 67 theme menstrual 540:548 arg1 cycles 550:555 regular menstrual cycles 532:555 regular menstrual cycles 532:555 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles were recruited. 25504446 14 68 theme Further 1796:1802 arg1 research 1804:1811 Further research 1796:1811 Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle 1796:1868 Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle is needed to establish the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance. 25504446 14 69 theme menstrual 1854:1862 arg1 cycle 1864:1868 more than one menstrual cycle 1840:1868 more than one menstrual cycle 1840:1868 Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle is needed to establish the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance. 25504446 14 70 theme taste 1930:1934 arg1 preference 1936:1945 taste preference 1930:1945 taste preference 1930:1945 Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle is needed to establish the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance. 25504446 8 71 theme taste 1228:1232 arg1 preference 1234:1243 taste preference 1228:1243 taste preference for sucrose and PMS score 1228:1269 In those evaluated for two full cycles (N = 13), we found that taste preference for sucrose and PMS score were significantly higher in the menstrual phase in Cycle 2 (p < 0.05). 25504446 0 72 theme cycle 31:35 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference 0:74 The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Asian Chinese women. 25504446 3 73 theme menstrual 383:391 arg1 cycle 393:397 the menstrual cycle 379:397 the menstrual cycle 379:397 We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. 25504446 4 74 theme female 511:516 arg1 subjects 518:525 Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects 478:525 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles 470:555 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles were recruited. 25504446 14 75 theme cycle 1921:1925 arg1 impact 1897:1902 the impact 1893:1902 the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance 1893:1964 Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle is needed to establish the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance. 25504446 0 76 theme Chinese 85:91 arg1 women 93:97 Asian Chinese women 79:97 Asian Chinese women 79:97 The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Asian Chinese women. 25504446 0 77 theme energy 40:45 arg1 balance 47:53 energy balance 40:53 energy balance 40:53 The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Asian Chinese women. 25504446 3 78 from preference 427:436 arg1 females 461:467 Singaporean Chinese females 441:467 Singaporean Chinese females 441:467 We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. 25504446 4 79 dep METHODS 470:476 arg1 subjects 518:525 Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects 478:525 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles 470:555 METHODS Thirty-one healthy young Chinese female subjects with regular menstrual cycles were recruited. 25504446 14 80 from impact 1897:1902 arg1 balance 1958:1964 energy balance 1951:1964 energy balance 1951:1964 Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle is needed to establish the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance. 25504446 14 80 from impact 1897:1902 arg1 preference 1936:1945 taste preference 1930:1945 taste preference 1930:1945 Further research in non-Caucasians spanning more than one menstrual cycle is needed to establish the impact of the menstrual cycle on taste preference and energy balance. 25504446 6 81 theme early 1011:1015 arg1 phase 1028:1032 early follicular phase 1011:1032 early follicular phase 1011:1032 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 25504446 3 82 theme Chinese 453:459 arg1 females 461:467 Singaporean Chinese females 441:467 Singaporean Chinese females 441:467 We investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Singaporean Chinese females. 25504446 0 83 dep influence 4:12 arg1 women 93:97 Asian Chinese women 79:97 Asian Chinese women 79:97 The influence of the menstrual cycle on energy balance and taste preference in Asian Chinese women. 25504446 12 84 theme sensory 1642:1648 arg1 changes 1666:1672 sensory and behavioural changes 1642:1672 sensory and behavioural changes 1642:1672 CONCLUSION Cyclic variations in energy intake and expenditure contributed by sensory and behavioural changes occur during the menstrual cycle. 25504446 6 85 dep RESULTS 835:841 arg1 found 873:877 found 873:877 found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase 873:997 RESULTS For all subjects (N = 31), we found significant reductions in energy, fat intake (p < 0.05) and taste preference for sucrose (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase compared to early follicular phase as far as Cycle 1 is concerned. 28736531 7 0 theme reactive 1357:1364 arg1 glycoproteins 1366:1378 PHA-L reactive glycoproteins 1351:1378 PHA-L reactive glycoproteins 1351:1378 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 6 1 theme signaling 1288:1296 arg1 pathway 1298:1304 nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway 1265:1304 nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway 1265:1304 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 3 2 theme N-glycosite 587:597 arg1 occupancy 599:607 N-glycosite occupancy 587:607 N-glycosite occupancy 587:607 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 6 3 theme kappa 1280:1284 arg1 B 1286:1286 nuclear factor kappa B 1265:1286 nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway 1265:1304 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 4 4 theme vulgaris 706:713 arg1 PHA-L 732:736 PHA-L 732:736 PHA-L 732:736 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 4 4 theme vulgaris 706:713 arg1 Leucoagglutinin 715:729 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin 696:729 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) 696:788 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 5 5 theme affinity 915:922 arg1 glycoproteins 924:936 PHA-L affinity glycoproteins 909:936 PHA-L affinity glycoproteins 909:936 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 6 6 theme nuclear 1265:1271 arg1 B 1286:1286 nuclear factor kappa B 1265:1286 nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway 1265:1304 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 3 7 theme metastasis 617:626 arg1 serum 628:632 HCC metastasis serum 613:632 HCC metastasis serum 613:632 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 4 8 used used 666:669 arg2 microarray 651:660 lectin microarray 644:660 lectin microarray 644:660 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 1 9 theme metastasis 216:225 arg1 incidence 203:211 high incidence 198:211 high incidence of metastasis 198:225 Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. 28736531 8 10 theme metastasis 1607:1616 arg1 mechanism 1590:1598 molecular mechanism 1580:1598 molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis 1580:1616 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 4 11 theme β1,6-GlcNAc 759:769 arg1 structure 748:756 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure 696:756 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) 696:788 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 4 11 theme β1,6-GlcNAc 759:769 arg1 N-glycan 780:787 β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan 759:787 β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan 759:787 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 5 12 gly N-glycosite 964:974 arg2 N-glycosite 964:974 N-glycosite 964:974 N-glycosite 964:974 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 2 13 gly Glycosylation 228:240 arg1 process 296:302 fundamental molecular and cell biology process 257:302 fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation 257:353 Glycosylation is involved in fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation. 28736531 2 14 theme cell 283:286 arg1 biology 288:294 cell biology 283:294 cell biology 283:294 Glycosylation is involved in fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation. 28736531 7 15 theme etiology 1480:1487 arg1 terms 1467:1471 terms 1467:1471 terms of HCC etiology 1467:1487 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 3 16 gly N-glycosite 587:597 arg2 N-glycosite 587:597 N-glycosite occupancy 587:607 N-glycosite occupancy 587:607 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 7 17 theme PHA-L 1351:1355 arg1 glycoproteins 1366:1378 PHA-L reactive glycoproteins 1351:1378 PHA-L reactive glycoproteins 1351:1378 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 2 18 theme molecular 269:277 arg1 process 296:302 fundamental molecular and cell biology process 257:302 fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation 257:353 Glycosylation is involved in fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation. 28736531 6 19 theme N-glycosite 1095:1105 arg1 occupancy 1107:1115 significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy 1073:1115 significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy 1073:1115 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 8 20 theme novel 1646:1650 arg1 glycobiomarkers 1652:1666 novel glycobiomarkers 1646:1666 novel glycobiomarkers 1646:1666 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 3 21 from changes 576:582 arg1 occupancy 599:607 N-glycosite occupancy 587:607 N-glycosite occupancy 587:607 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 7 22 theme occupancy 1337:1345 arg1 Quantification 1307:1320 Quantification 1307:1320 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins 1307:1378 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 1 23 theme malignant 176:184 arg1 tumors 186:191 the most common malignant tumors 160:191 the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis 160:225 Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. 28736531 8 24 theme N-glycosite 1513:1523 arg1 alterations 1535:1545 N-glycosite occupancy alterations 1513:1545 N-glycosite occupancy alterations 1513:1545 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 4 25 with patients 837:844 arg1 metastasis 851:860 metastasis 851:860 metastasis 851:860 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 5 26 theme labeling 1041:1048 arg1 strategy 1003:1010 strategy 1003:1010 strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 1003:1048 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 3 27 theme lectin 371:376 arg1 microarray 378:387 lectin microarray 371:387 lectin microarray 371:387 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 3 28 theme labeling 468:475 arg1 analysis 538:545 lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis 371:545 lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis 371:545 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 7 29 theme HCC 1476:1478 arg1 etiology 1480:1487 HCC etiology 1476:1487 HCC etiology 1476:1487 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 3 30 theme lectin 407:412 arg1 chromatography 423:436 lectin affinity chromatography 407:436 lectin affinity chromatography 407:436 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 3 31 theme stable 453:458 arg1 labeling 468:475 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 442:475 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) 442:536 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 5 32 theme tandem 1015:1020 arg1 labeling 1041:1048 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 1015:1048 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 1015:1048 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 3 33 theme blotting 397:404 arg1 analysis 538:545 lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis 371:545 lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis 371:545 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 5 34 dep enriched 943:950 arg1 followed 952:959 followed 952:959 followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 952:1048 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 3 35 theme chromatography-mass 497:515 arg1 LC-MS 531:535 LC-MS 531:535 LC-MS 531:535 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 3 35 theme chromatography-mass 497:515 arg1 spectrometer 517:528 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer 490:528 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) 490:536 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 0 36 theme Hepatocellular 14:27 arg1 Glycobiomarkers 50:64 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers 14:64 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers 14:64 Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers Using Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis. 28736531 5 37 theme stable 1026:1031 arg1 labeling 1041:1048 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 1015:1048 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 1015:1048 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 7 38 theme significance 1451:1462 arg1 glycoproteins 1413:1425 important glycoproteins 1403:1425 important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance 1403:1462 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 3 39 theme tandem 442:447 arg1 labeling 468:475 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 442:475 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) 442:536 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 1 40 theme tumors 186:191 arg1 one 153:155 one 153:155 one 153:155 Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. 28736531 1 40 theme tumors 186:191 arg1 tumors 186:191 the most common malignant tumors 160:191 the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis 160:225 Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. 28736531 0 41 theme Metastasis 39:48 arg1 Glycobiomarkers 50:64 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers 14:64 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers 14:64 Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers Using Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis. 28736531 7 42 theme potential 1430:1438 arg1 significance 1451:1462 potential clinically significance 1430:1462 potential clinically significance 1430:1462 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 3 43 theme chromatography 423:436 arg1 analysis 538:545 lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis 371:545 lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis 371:545 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 0 44 theme Quantitative 81:92 arg1 Analysis 110:117 Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis 72:117 Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis 72:117 Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers Using Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis. 28736531 8 45 gly N-glycosite 1513:1523 arg2 N-glycosite 1513:1523 N-glycosite occupancy alterations 1513:1545 N-glycosite occupancy alterations 1513:1545 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 6 46 theme protein 1228:1234 arg1 kinase 1236:1241 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1206:1241 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway 1206:1259 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 6 47 theme p38 1206:1208 arg1 kinase 1236:1241 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1206:1241 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway 1206:1259 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 4 48 theme lectin 644:649 arg1 microarray 651:660 lectin microarray 644:660 lectin microarray 644:660 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 8 49 theme occupancy 1525:1533 arg1 alterations 1535:1545 N-glycosite occupancy alterations 1513:1545 N-glycosite occupancy alterations 1513:1545 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 8 50 theme mechanism 1590:1598 arg1 establishment 1629:1641 establishment 1629:1641 the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers 1556:1666 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 8 50 theme mechanism 1590:1598 arg1 characterization 1560:1575 the characterization 1556:1575 the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers 1556:1666 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 5 51 gly glycoproteins 924:936 arg1 glycoproteins 924:936 PHA-L affinity glycoproteins 909:936 PHA-L affinity glycoproteins 909:936 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 6 52 theme B 1286:1286 arg1 pathway 1298:1304 nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway 1265:1304 nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway 1265:1304 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 7 53 theme important 1403:1411 arg1 glycoproteins 1413:1425 important glycoproteins 1403:1425 important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance 1403:1462 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 5 54 theme PHA-L 909:913 arg1 glycoproteins 924:936 PHA-L affinity glycoproteins 909:936 PHA-L affinity glycoproteins 909:936 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 6 55 theme factor 1273:1278 arg1 B 1286:1286 nuclear factor kappa B 1265:1286 nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway 1265:1304 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 4 56 theme Phaseolus 696:704 arg1 PHA-L 732:736 PHA-L 732:736 PHA-L 732:736 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 4 56 theme Phaseolus 696:704 arg1 Leucoagglutinin 715:729 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin 696:729 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) 696:788 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 3 57 theme HCC 613:615 arg1 metastasis 617:626 HCC metastasis 613:626 HCC metastasis serum 613:632 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 1 58 theme high 198:201 arg1 incidence 203:211 high incidence 198:211 high incidence of metastasis 198:225 Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. 28736531 4 59 theme Leucoagglutinin 715:729 arg1 structure 748:756 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure 696:756 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) 696:788 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 4 59 theme Leucoagglutinin 715:729 arg1 N-glycan 780:787 β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan 759:787 β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan 759:787 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 2 60 theme metastasis 334:343 arg1 formation 345:353 metastasis formation 334:353 metastasis formation 334:353 Glycosylation is involved in fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation. 28736531 8 61 theme HCC 1603:1605 arg1 metastasis 1607:1616 HCC metastasis 1603:1616 HCC metastasis 1603:1616 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 5 62 theme N-glycosite 964:974 arg1 measurement 986:996 N-glycosite occupancy measurement 964:996 N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 964:1048 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 2 63 theme fundamental 257:267 arg1 process 296:302 fundamental molecular and cell biology process 257:302 fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation 257:353 Glycosylation is involved in fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation. 28736531 5 64 theme occupancy 976:984 arg1 measurement 986:996 N-glycosite occupancy measurement 964:996 N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 964:1048 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 2 65 theme biology 288:294 arg1 process 296:302 fundamental molecular and cell biology process 257:302 fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation 257:353 Glycosylation is involved in fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation. 28736531 6 66 with glycoproteins 1054:1066 arg1 occupancy 1107:1115 significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy 1073:1115 significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy 1073:1115 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 4 67 theme branched 771:778 arg1 structure 748:756 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure 696:756 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) 696:788 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 4 67 theme branched 771:778 arg1 N-glycan 780:787 β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan 759:787 β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan 759:787 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 0 68 theme N-glycoproteome 94:108 arg1 Analysis 110:117 Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis 72:117 Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis 72:117 Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers Using Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis. 28736531 8 69 theme glycobiomarkers 1652:1666 arg1 establishment 1629:1641 establishment 1629:1641 the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers 1556:1666 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 8 69 theme glycobiomarkers 1652:1666 arg1 characterization 1560:1575 the characterization 1556:1575 the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers 1556:1666 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 7 70 theme N-glycosite 1325:1335 arg1 occupancy 1337:1345 N-glycosite occupancy 1325:1345 N-glycosite occupancy 1325:1345 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 1 71 theme common 169:174 arg1 tumors 186:191 the most common malignant tumors 160:191 the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis 160:225 Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. 28736531 6 72 theme changed 1087:1093 arg1 occupancy 1107:1115 significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy 1073:1115 significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy 1073:1115 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 4 73 theme reactive 739:746 arg1 structure 748:756 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure 696:756 Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) 696:788 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 4 73 theme reactive 739:746 arg1 N-glycan 780:787 β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan 759:787 β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan 759:787 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 5 74 theme isotope 1033:1039 arg1 labeling 1041:1048 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 1015:1048 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 1015:1048 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 6 75 theme signaling 1243:1251 arg1 pathway 1253:1259 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway 1206:1259 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway 1206:1259 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 3 76 theme lectin 390:395 arg1 blotting 397:404 lectin blotting 390:404 lectin blotting 390:404 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 3 77 theme microarray 378:387 arg1 analysis 538:545 lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis 371:545 lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis 371:545 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 1 78 theme Hepatocelluar 120:132 arg1 carcinoma 134:142 Hepatocelluar carcinoma 120:142 Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) 120:148 Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. 28736531 1 78 theme Hepatocelluar 120:132 arg1 HCC 145:147 HCC 145:147 HCC 145:147 Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. 28736531 6 79 theme cell 1160:1163 arg1 migration 1165:1173 cell migration 1160:1173 cell migration 1160:1173 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 3 80 theme affinity 414:421 arg1 chromatography 423:436 lectin affinity chromatography 407:436 lectin affinity chromatography 407:436 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 5 81 with measurement 986:996 arg1 strategy 1003:1010 strategy 1003:1010 strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 1003:1048 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 3 82 theme isotope 460:466 arg1 labeling 468:475 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 442:475 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) 442:536 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 0 83 theme Carcinoma 29:37 arg1 Glycobiomarkers 50:64 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers 14:64 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers 14:64 Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers Using Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis. 28736531 5 84 theme 18O 1022:1024 arg1 labeling 1041:1048 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 1015:1048 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 1015:1048 Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 28736531 7 85 gly N-glycosite 1325:1335 arg2 N-glycosite 1325:1335 N-glycosite occupancy 1325:1345 N-glycosite occupancy 1325:1345 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 0 86 theme Glycobiomarkers 50:64 arg1 Assessment 0:9 Assessment 0:9 Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers 0:64 Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers Using Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis. 28736531 7 87 gly glycoproteins 1366:1378 arg1 glycoproteins 1366:1378 PHA-L reactive glycoproteins 1351:1378 PHA-L reactive glycoproteins 1351:1378 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 3 88 theme 18O 449:451 arg1 labeling 468:475 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling 442:475 tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) 442:536 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 8 89 theme alterations 1535:1545 arg1 understanding 1496:1508 understanding 1496:1508 understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations 1496:1545 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 3 90 theme liquid 490:495 arg1 LC-MS 531:535 LC-MS 531:535 LC-MS 531:535 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 3 90 theme liquid 490:495 arg1 spectrometer 517:528 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer 490:528 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) 490:536 In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. 28736531 0 91 theme Advanced 72:79 arg1 Analysis 110:117 Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis 72:117 Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis 72:117 Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers Using Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis. 28736531 7 92 gly glycoproteins 1413:1425 arg1 glycoproteins 1413:1425 important glycoproteins 1403:1425 important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance 1403:1462 Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. 28736531 6 93 theme kinase 1236:1241 arg1 pathway 1253:1259 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway 1206:1259 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway 1206:1259 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 6 94 gly glycoproteins 1054:1066 arg1 glycoproteins 1054:1066 11 glycoproteins 1051:1066 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy 1051:1115 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 1 95 with tumors 186:191 arg1 incidence 203:211 high incidence 198:211 high incidence of metastasis 198:225 Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. 28736531 6 96 theme mitogen-activated 1210:1226 arg1 kinase 1236:1241 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1206:1241 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway 1206:1259 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28736531 4 97 theme HCC 833:835 arg1 patients 837:844 HCC patients 833:844 HCC patients with metastasis 833:860 Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. 28736531 8 98 theme molecular 1580:1588 arg1 mechanism 1590:1598 molecular mechanism 1580:1598 molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis 1580:1616 Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers. 28736531 6 99 gly N-glycosite 1095:1105 arg2 N-glycosite 1095:1105 significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy 1073:1115 significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy 1073:1115 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. 28035750 17 0 theme palliative 2092:2101 arg1 patients 2108:2115 palliative care patients 2092:2115 palliative care patients 2092:2115 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 28035750 16 1 theme bleeding 2005:2012 arg1 months 2019:2024 clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months 1985:2024 clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months 1985:2024 Cancer, recent bleeding, antithrombotic prophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independently associated with clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months. 28035750 9 2 theme care 1102:1105 arg1 unit 1107:1110 a palliative care unit 1089:1110 a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease 1089:1174 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 7 3 theme patients 714:721 arg1 risk 706:709 the bleeding risk 693:709 the bleeding risk of patients 693:721 Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. 28035750 10 4 theme major 1277:1281 arg1 composite 1264:1272 a composite 1262:1272 a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding 1262:1324 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 10 4 theme major 1277:1281 arg1 major 1277:1281 major 1277:1281 major 1277:1281 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 10 4 theme major 1277:1281 arg1 relevant 1298:1305 relevant 1298:1305 relevant 1298:1305 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 9 5 theme pulmonary 1135:1143 arg1 disease 1168:1174 pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease 1135:1174 pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease 1135:1174 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 3 6 from months 297:302 arg1 % 369:369 9.8% 366:369 9.8% 366:369 At three months, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8%. 28035750 3 6 from months 297:302 arg1 incidence 320:328 the cumulative incidence 305:328 the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding 305:360 At three months, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8%. 28035750 1 7 theme care 181:184 arg1 inpatients 186:195 palliative care inpatients 170:195 palliative care inpatients 170:195 Essentials Bleeding incidence as hemorrhagic risk factors are unknown in palliative care inpatients. 28035750 9 8 dep age 1029:1031 arg1 male 1044:1047 male 1044:1047 male 1044:1047 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 9 8 dep age 1029:1031 arg1 % 1054:1054 45.5% 1050:1054 45.5% 1050:1054 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 16 9 theme antiplatelet 1929:1940 arg1 therapy 1942:1948 antiplatelet therapy 1929:1948 antiplatelet therapy 1929:1948 Cancer, recent bleeding, antithrombotic prophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independently associated with clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months. 28035750 9 10 theme cardiac 1146:1152 arg1 disease 1168:1174 pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease 1135:1174 pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease 1135:1174 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 1 11 theme Bleeding 108:115 arg1 incidence 117:125 Bleeding incidence 108:125 Bleeding incidence 108:125 Essentials Bleeding incidence as hemorrhagic risk factors are unknown in palliative care inpatients. 28035750 4 12 theme antiplatelet 420:431 arg1 therapy 433:439 antiplatelet therapy 420:439 antiplatelet therapy 420:439 Cancer, recent bleeding, thromboprophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independent risk factors. 28035750 2 13 dep study 239:243 arg1 Units 265:269 22 Palliative Care Units 246:269 22 Palliative Care Units 246:269 We conducted a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients). 28035750 2 13 dep study 239:243 arg1 patients 277:284 1199 patients 272:284 1199 patients 272:284 We conducted a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients). 28035750 9 14 theme palliative 984:993 arg1 patients 1012:1019 1199 patients 1007:1019 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%) 1007:1055 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 9 14 theme palliative 984:993 arg1 units 1000:1004 22 French palliative care units 974:1004 22 French palliative care units 974:1004 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 9 15 theme neurologic 1157:1166 arg1 disease 1168:1174 pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease 1135:1174 pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease 1135:1174 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 2 16 theme observational 225:237 arg1 study 239:243 a multicenter observational study 211:243 a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients) 211:285 We conducted a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients). 28035750 7 17 theme primary 667:673 arg1 aim 675:677 Our primary aim 663:677 Our primary aim 663:677 Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. 28035750 1 18 from inpatients 186:195 arg1 unknown 159:165 unknown 159:165 unknown 159:165 Essentials Bleeding incidence as hemorrhagic risk factors are unknown in palliative care inpatients. 28035750 14 19 theme bleeding 1720:1727 arg1 incidence 1687:1695 the cumulative incidence 1672:1695 the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding 1672:1727 Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). 28035750 14 19 theme bleeding 1720:1727 arg1 % 1736:1736 9.8% 1733:1736 9.8% 1733:1736 Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). 28035750 9 20 from Patients/Methods 913:928 arg1 study 965:969 this prospective, observational study 933:969 this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease 933:1174 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 5 21 theme care 566:569 arg1 units 571:575 care units 566:575 care units 566:575 SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. 28035750 16 22 from months 2019:2024 arg1 at 2014:2015 clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months 1985:2024 clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months 1985:2024 Cancer, recent bleeding, antithrombotic prophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independently associated with clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months. 28035750 2 23 theme Palliative 249:258 arg1 Units 265:269 22 Palliative Care Units 246:269 22 Palliative Care Units 246:269 We conducted a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients). 28035750 2 23 theme Palliative 249:258 arg1 patients 277:284 1199 patients 272:284 1199 patients 272:284 We conducted a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients). 28035750 5 24 theme primary 504:510 arg1 thromboprophylaxis 512:529 primary thromboprophylaxis 504:529 primary thromboprophylaxis 504:529 SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. 28035750 17 25 theme high 2146:2149 arg1 risk 2151:2154 the high risk 2142:2154 the high risk of bleeding in these patients 2142:2184 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 28035750 0 26 theme palliative 57:66 arg1 units 73:77 palliative care units 57:77 palliative care units 57:77 Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units: the RHESO study. 28035750 1 27 from unknown 159:165 arg1 inpatients 186:195 palliative care inpatients 170:195 palliative care inpatients 170:195 Essentials Bleeding incidence as hemorrhagic risk factors are unknown in palliative care inpatients. 28035750 1 28 theme risk 142:145 arg1 factors 147:153 hemorrhagic risk factors 130:153 hemorrhagic risk factors 130:153 Essentials Bleeding incidence as hemorrhagic risk factors are unknown in palliative care inpatients. 28035750 15 29 theme vein 1785:1788 arg1 thrombosis 1790:1799 Deep vein thrombosis 1780:1799 Deep vein thrombosis 1780:1799 Deep vein thrombosis occurred in six patients (cumulative incidence, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1). 28035750 8 30 theme symptomatic 837:847 arg1 thrombosis 859:868 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 837:868 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 837:868 Our secondary aim was to determine the incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and to identify risk factors for bleeding. 28035750 17 31 theme Conclusions 2027:2037 arg1 Decisions 2039:2047 Conclusions Decisions 2027:2047 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients 2027:2115 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 28035750 8 32 theme secondary 789:797 arg1 aim 799:801 Our secondary aim 785:801 Our secondary aim 785:801 Our secondary aim was to determine the incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and to identify risk factors for bleeding. 28035750 0 33 dep study 90:94 arg1 risk 9:12 Bleeding risk 0:12 Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units 0:77 Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units: the RHESO study. 28035750 8 34 theme vein 854:857 arg1 thrombosis 859:868 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 837:868 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 837:868 Our secondary aim was to determine the incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and to identify risk factors for bleeding. 28035750 4 35 theme risk 458:461 arg1 factors 463:469 independent risk factors 446:469 independent risk factors 446:469 Cancer, recent bleeding, thromboprophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independent risk factors. 28035750 11 36 theme symptomatic 1366:1376 arg1 thrombosis 1388:1397 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 1366:1397 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 1366:1397 The secondary outcome was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. 28035750 11 36 theme symptomatic 1366:1376 arg1 outcome 1354:1360 The secondary outcome 1340:1360 The secondary outcome 1340:1360 The secondary outcome was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. 28035750 14 37 dep % 1736:1736 arg1 interval 1754:1761 95% confidence interval [CI 1739:1765 95% confidence interval [CI 1739:1765 Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). 28035750 13 38 from patients 1612:1619 arg1 fatal 1600:1604 fatal 1600:1604 fatal 1600:1604 By 3 months, 1087 patients (91.3%) had died and 116 patients had presented at least one episode of clinically relevant bleeding (fatal in 23 patients). 28035750 9 39 from study 965:969 arg1 patients 1012:1019 1199 patients 1007:1019 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%) 1007:1055 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 9 39 from study 965:969 arg1 units 1000:1004 22 French palliative care units 974:1004 22 French palliative care units 974:1004 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 16 40 theme antithrombotic 1898:1911 arg1 prophylaxis 1913:1923 antithrombotic prophylaxis 1898:1923 antithrombotic prophylaxis 1898:1923 Cancer, recent bleeding, antithrombotic prophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independently associated with clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months. 28035750 10 41 theme primary 1195:1201 arg1 outcome 1203:1209 The primary outcome 1191:1209 The primary outcome 1191:1209 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 0 42 theme Bleeding 0:7 arg1 risk 9:12 Bleeding risk 0:12 Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units 0:77 Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units: the RHESO study. 28035750 3 43 theme bleeding 353:360 arg1 % 369:369 9.8% 366:369 9.8% 366:369 At three months, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8%. 28035750 3 43 theme bleeding 353:360 arg1 incidence 320:328 the cumulative incidence 305:328 the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding 305:360 At three months, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8%. 28035750 7 44 theme care 779:782 arg1 setting 748:754 a real-world practice setting 726:754 a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care 726:782 Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. 28035750 11 45 theme vein 1383:1386 arg1 thrombosis 1388:1397 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 1366:1397 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 1366:1397 The secondary outcome was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. 28035750 11 45 theme vein 1383:1386 arg1 outcome 1354:1360 The secondary outcome 1340:1360 The secondary outcome 1340:1360 The secondary outcome was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. 28035750 0 46 theme ill 28:30 arg1 patients 32:39 terminally ill patients 17:39 terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units 17:77 Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units: the RHESO study. 28035750 7 47 theme hospital 759:766 arg1 care 779:782 hospital palliative care 759:782 hospital palliative care 759:782 Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. 28035750 6 48 from risk 605:608 arg1 patients 631:638 these patients 625:638 these patients 625:638 Moreover, the risk of bleeding in these patients is unknown. 28035750 14 49 theme competing 1647:1655 arg1 risk 1657:1660 the competing risk 1643:1660 the competing risk of death 1643:1669 Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). 28035750 17 50 from bleeding 2159:2166 arg1 patients 2177:2184 these patients 2171:2184 these patients 2171:2184 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 28035750 17 51 from patients 2177:2184 arg1 bleeding 2159:2166 bleeding 2159:2166 bleeding 2159:2166 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 28035750 17 51 from patients 2177:2184 arg1 risk 2151:2154 the high risk 2142:2154 the high risk of bleeding in these patients 2142:2184 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 28035750 17 52 from risk 2151:2154 arg1 patients 2177:2184 these patients 2171:2184 these patients 2171:2184 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 28035750 9 53 theme first 1075:1079 arg1 time 1081:1084 the first time 1071:1084 the first time 1071:1084 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 7 54 theme real-world 728:737 arg1 setting 748:754 a real-world practice setting 726:754 a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care 726:782 Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. 28035750 12 55 theme common 1417:1422 arg1 cancer 1455:1460 cancer 1455:1460 cancer 1455:1460 Results The most common reason for palliative care was cancer (90.7%). 28035750 12 55 theme common 1417:1422 arg1 reason 1424:1429 The most common reason 1408:1429 The most common reason for palliative care 1408:1449 Results The most common reason for palliative care was cancer (90.7%). 28035750 16 56 theme relevant 1996:2003 arg1 months 2019:2024 clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months 1985:2024 clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months 1985:2024 Cancer, recent bleeding, antithrombotic prophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independently associated with clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months. 28035750 16 57 theme at 2014:2015 arg1 months 2019:2024 clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months 1985:2024 clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months 1985:2024 Cancer, recent bleeding, antithrombotic prophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independently associated with clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months. 28035750 9 58 theme palliative 1091:1100 arg1 unit 1107:1110 a palliative care unit 1089:1110 a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease 1089:1174 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 7 59 theme bleeding 697:704 arg1 risk 706:709 the bleeding risk 693:709 the bleeding risk of patients 693:721 Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. 28035750 9 60 theme prospective 938:948 arg1 study 965:969 this prospective, observational study 933:969 this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease 933:1174 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 9 61 theme advanced 1116:1123 arg1 cancer 1125:1130 advanced cancer 1116:1130 advanced cancer 1116:1130 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 10 62 dep major 1277:1281 arg1 bleeding 1317:1324 bleeding 1317:1324 bleeding 1317:1324 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 1 63 theme palliative 170:179 arg1 inpatients 186:195 palliative care inpatients 170:195 palliative care inpatients 170:195 Essentials Bleeding incidence as hemorrhagic risk factors are unknown in palliative care inpatients. 28035750 13 64 dep bleeding 1590:1597 arg1 fatal 1600:1604 fatal 1600:1604 fatal 1600:1604 By 3 months, 1087 patients (91.3%) had died and 116 patients had presented at least one episode of clinically relevant bleeding (fatal in 23 patients). 28035750 17 65 theme care 2103:2106 arg1 patients 2108:2115 palliative care patients 2092:2115 palliative care patients 2092:2115 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 28035750 9 66 theme French 977:982 arg1 patients 1012:1019 1199 patients 1007:1019 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%) 1007:1055 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 9 66 theme French 977:982 arg1 units 1000:1004 22 French palliative care units 974:1004 22 French palliative care units 974:1004 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 14 67 theme % 1741:1741 arg1 interval 1754:1761 95% confidence interval [CI 1739:1765 95% confidence interval [CI 1739:1765 Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). 28035750 17 68 from use 2063:2065 arg1 patients 2108:2115 palliative care patients 2092:2115 palliative care patients 2092:2115 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 28035750 4 69 theme independent 446:456 arg1 factors 463:469 independent risk factors 446:469 independent risk factors 446:469 Cancer, recent bleeding, thromboprophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independent risk factors. 28035750 9 70 theme care 995:998 arg1 patients 1012:1019 1199 patients 1007:1019 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%) 1007:1055 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 9 70 theme care 995:998 arg1 units 1000:1004 22 French palliative care units 974:1004 22 French palliative care units 974:1004 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 15 71 dep occurred 1801:1808 arg1 incidence 1838:1846 cumulative incidence 1827:1846 cumulative incidence 1827:1846 Deep vein thrombosis occurred in six patients (cumulative incidence, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1). 28035750 15 71 dep occurred 1801:1808 arg1 % 1852:1852 0.5% 1849:1852 0.5% 1849:1852 Deep vein thrombosis occurred in six patients (cumulative incidence, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1). 28035750 2 72 theme multicenter 213:223 arg1 study 239:243 a multicenter observational study 211:243 a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients) 211:285 We conducted a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients). 28035750 5 73 dep Background 480:489 arg1 debatable 580:588 debatable 580:588 debatable 580:588 SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. 28035750 5 73 dep Background 480:489 arg1 value 495:499 The value 491:499 The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units 491:575 SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. 28035750 2 74 theme Care 260:263 arg1 Units 265:269 22 Palliative Care Units 246:269 22 Palliative Care Units 246:269 We conducted a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients). 28035750 2 74 theme Care 260:263 arg1 patients 277:284 1199 patients 272:284 1199 patients 272:284 We conducted a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients). 28035750 10 75 dep bleeding 1247:1254 arg1 composite 1264:1272 a composite 1262:1272 a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding 1262:1324 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 10 75 dep bleeding 1247:1254 arg1 major 1277:1281 major 1277:1281 major 1277:1281 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 10 75 dep bleeding 1247:1254 arg1 relevant 1298:1305 relevant 1298:1305 relevant 1298:1305 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 13 76 attach presented 1536:1544 arg2 patients 1523:1530 116 patients 1519:1530 116 patients 1519:1530 By 3 months, 1087 patients (91.3%) had died and 116 patients had presented at least one episode of clinically relevant bleeding (fatal in 23 patients). 28035750 13 76 attach presented 1536:1544 arg1 episode 1559:1565 least one episode 1549:1565 least one episode of clinically relevant bleeding (fatal in 23 patients) 1549:1620 By 3 months, 1087 patients (91.3%) had died and 116 patients had presented at least one episode of clinically relevant bleeding (fatal in 23 patients). 28035750 0 77 theme care 68:71 arg1 units 73:77 palliative care units 57:77 palliative care units 57:77 Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units: the RHESO study. 28035750 5 78 theme thromboprophylaxis 512:529 arg1 debatable 580:588 debatable 580:588 debatable 580:588 SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. 28035750 5 78 theme thromboprophylaxis 512:529 arg1 value 495:499 The value 491:499 The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units 491:575 SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. 28035750 1 79 theme hemorrhagic 130:140 arg1 factors 147:153 hemorrhagic risk factors 130:153 hemorrhagic risk factors 130:153 Essentials Bleeding incidence as hemorrhagic risk factors are unknown in palliative care inpatients. 28035750 3 80 theme cumulative 309:318 arg1 % 369:369 9.8% 366:369 9.8% 366:369 At three months, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8%. 28035750 3 80 theme cumulative 309:318 arg1 incidence 320:328 the cumulative incidence 305:328 the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding 305:360 At three months, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8%. 28035750 9 81 theme median 1022:1027 arg1 patients 1012:1019 1199 patients 1007:1019 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%) 1007:1055 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 9 81 theme median 1022:1027 arg1 age 1029:1031 median age 1022:1031 median age 1022:1031 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 9 81 theme median 1022:1027 arg1 years 1037:1041 71 years 1034:1041 71 years 1034:1041 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 12 82 dep Results 1400:1406 arg1 cancer 1455:1460 cancer 1455:1460 cancer 1455:1460 Results The most common reason for palliative care was cancer (90.7%). 28035750 12 82 dep Results 1400:1406 arg1 reason 1424:1429 The most common reason 1408:1429 The most common reason for palliative care 1408:1449 Results The most common reason for palliative care was cancer (90.7%). 28035750 15 83 dep incidence 1838:1846 arg1 % 1857:1857 95% CI 1855:1860 95% CI 1855:1860 Deep vein thrombosis occurred in six patients (cumulative incidence, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1). 28035750 15 83 dep incidence 1838:1846 arg1 0.2-1.1 1863:1869 0.2-1.1 1863:1869 0.2-1.1 1863:1869 Deep vein thrombosis occurred in six patients (cumulative incidence, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1). 28035750 14 84 theme cumulative 1676:1685 arg1 incidence 1687:1695 the cumulative incidence 1672:1695 the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding 1672:1727 Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). 28035750 14 84 theme cumulative 1676:1685 arg1 % 1736:1736 9.8% 1733:1736 9.8% 1733:1736 Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). 28035750 7 85 dep Objectives 652:661 arg1 was 679:681 was 679:681 was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care 679:782 Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. 28035750 15 86 theme Deep 1780:1783 arg1 thrombosis 1790:1799 Deep vein thrombosis 1780:1799 Deep vein thrombosis 1780:1799 Deep vein thrombosis occurred in six patients (cumulative incidence, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1). 28035750 6 87 theme bleeding 613:620 arg1 unknown 643:649 unknown 643:649 unknown 643:649 Moreover, the risk of bleeding in these patients is unknown. 28035750 6 87 theme bleeding 613:620 arg1 risk 605:608 the risk 601:608 the risk of bleeding in these patients 601:638 Moreover, the risk of bleeding in these patients is unknown. 28035750 0 88 theme RHESO 84:88 arg1 study 90:94 the RHESO study 80:94 the RHESO study 80:94 Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units: the RHESO study. 28035750 13 89 from fatal 1600:1604 arg1 patients 1612:1619 23 patients 1609:1619 23 patients 1609:1619 By 3 months, 1087 patients (91.3%) had died and 116 patients had presented at least one episode of clinically relevant bleeding (fatal in 23 patients). 28035750 13 90 theme bleeding 1590:1597 arg1 episode 1559:1565 least one episode 1549:1565 least one episode of clinically relevant bleeding (fatal in 23 patients) 1549:1620 By 3 months, 1087 patients (91.3%) had died and 116 patients had presented at least one episode of clinically relevant bleeding (fatal in 23 patients). 28035750 14 91 theme confidence 1743:1752 arg1 interval 1754:1761 95% confidence interval [CI 1739:1765 95% confidence interval [CI 1739:1765 Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). 28035750 8 92 theme deep 849:852 arg1 thrombosis 859:868 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 837:868 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 837:868 Our secondary aim was to determine the incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and to identify risk factors for bleeding. 28035750 11 93 theme secondary 1344:1352 arg1 thrombosis 1388:1397 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 1366:1397 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 1366:1397 The secondary outcome was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. 28035750 11 93 theme secondary 1344:1352 arg1 outcome 1354:1360 The secondary outcome 1340:1360 The secondary outcome 1340:1360 The secondary outcome was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. 28035750 8 94 theme thrombosis 859:868 arg1 incidence 824:832 the incidence 820:832 the incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 820:868 Our secondary aim was to determine the incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and to identify risk factors for bleeding. 28035750 17 95 theme thromboprophylaxis 2070:2087 arg1 use 2063:2065 the use 2059:2065 the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients 2059:2115 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 28035750 14 96 theme death 1665:1669 arg1 risk 1657:1660 the competing risk 1643:1660 the competing risk of death 1643:1669 Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). 28035750 5 97 theme SUMMARY 472:478 arg1 Background 480:489 SUMMARY Background 472:489 SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. 472:589 SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. 28035750 11 98 theme deep 1378:1381 arg1 thrombosis 1388:1397 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 1366:1397 symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 1366:1397 The secondary outcome was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. 28035750 11 98 theme deep 1378:1381 arg1 outcome 1354:1360 The secondary outcome 1340:1360 The secondary outcome 1340:1360 The secondary outcome was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. 28035750 0 99 theme patients 32:39 arg1 risk 9:12 Bleeding risk 0:12 Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units 0:77 Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units: the RHESO study. 28035750 8 100 theme risk 886:889 arg1 factors 891:897 risk factors 886:897 risk factors for bleeding 886:910 Our secondary aim was to determine the incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and to identify risk factors for bleeding. 28035750 15 101 theme cumulative 1827:1836 arg1 incidence 1838:1846 cumulative incidence 1827:1846 cumulative incidence 1827:1846 Deep vein thrombosis occurred in six patients (cumulative incidence, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1). 28035750 15 101 theme cumulative 1827:1836 arg1 % 1852:1852 0.5% 1849:1852 0.5% 1849:1852 Deep vein thrombosis occurred in six patients (cumulative incidence, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1). 28035750 12 102 dep cancer 1455:1460 arg1 % 1467:1467 90.7% 1463:1467 90.7% 1463:1467 Results The most common reason for palliative care was cancer (90.7%). 28035750 14 103 dep interval 1754:1761 arg1 8.3-11.6 1769:1776 8.3-11.6 1769:1776 8.3-11.6 1769:1776 Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). 28035750 7 104 theme palliative 768:777 arg1 care 779:782 hospital palliative care 759:782 hospital palliative care 759:782 Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. 28035750 9 105 dep prospective 938:948 arg1 observational 951:963 observational 951:963 observational 951:963 Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. 28035750 12 106 theme palliative 1435:1444 arg1 care 1446:1449 palliative care 1435:1449 palliative care 1435:1449 Results The most common reason for palliative care was cancer (90.7%). 28035750 5 107 from value 495:499 arg1 patients 534:541 patients 534:541 patients admitted to palliative care units 534:575 SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. 28035750 10 108 dep composite 1264:1272 arg1 i.e. 1257:1260 i.e. 1257:1260 i.e. 1257:1260 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 10 109 theme relevant 1298:1305 arg1 composite 1264:1272 a composite 1262:1272 a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding 1262:1324 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 10 109 theme relevant 1298:1305 arg1 major 1277:1281 major 1277:1281 major 1277:1281 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 10 109 theme relevant 1298:1305 arg1 relevant 1298:1305 relevant 1298:1305 relevant 1298:1305 The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. 28035750 7 110 theme practice 739:746 arg1 setting 748:754 a real-world practice setting 726:754 a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care 726:782 Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. 28035750 17 111 theme bleeding 2159:2166 arg1 risk 2151:2154 the high risk 2142:2154 the high risk of bleeding in these patients 2142:2184 Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients. 27026084 1 0 from effects 286:292 arg1 development 305:315 obesity development 297:315 obesity development 297:315 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 1 0 from effects 286:292 arg1 microbiota 322:331 gut microbiota 318:331 gut microbiota 318:331 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 1 0 from effects 286:292 arg1 survival 338:345 survival 338:345 survival 338:345 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 4 1 from survival 739:746 arg1 response 751:758 response 751:758 response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding 751:791 Our findings support the notion that reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding is linked to obesity development. 27026084 6 2 theme fecal 1075:1079 arg1 DNA 1091:1093 fecal bacterial DNA 1075:1093 fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip 1075:1131 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 3 3 theme low-fat-fed 676:686 arg1 mice 688:691 low-fat-fed mice 676:691 low-fat-fed mice 676:691 By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. 27026084 1 4 theme protein-to-sucrose 206:223 arg1 ratios 225:230 either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios 187:230 either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival 187:345 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 2 5 theme relative 449:456 arg1 obesity 420:426 obesity 420:426 obesity 420:426 Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. 27026084 0 6 theme gut 78:80 arg1 microbiota 82:91 gut microbiota 78:91 gut microbiota 78:91 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 development 61:71 obesity development 53:71 obesity development 53:71 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 microbiota 82:91 gut microbiota 78:91 gut microbiota 78:91 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 survival 43:50 survival 43:50 survival 43:50 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 5 8 theme global 942:947 arg1 expression 954:963 global gene expression 942:963 global gene expression 942:963 Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. 27026084 7 9 theme major 1368:1372 arg1 driver 1374:1379 a major driver 1366:1379 a major driver shaping the gut microbiota 1366:1406 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 9 theme major 1368:1372 arg1 ratio 1344:1348 the protein/sucrose ratio 1324:1348 the protein/sucrose ratio 1324:1348 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 9 theme major 1368:1372 arg1 fat 1308:1310 dietary fat 1300:1310 dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity 1300:1361 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 6 10 theme host 1218:1221 arg1 age 1223:1225 host age 1218:1225 host age 1218:1225 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 6 11 theme significant 1142:1152 arg1 changes 1154:1160 significant changes 1142:1160 significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio 1142:1284 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 0 12 from survival 43:50 arg1 mice 96:99 mice 96:99 mice 96:99 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 6 13 theme gut 1188:1190 arg1 microbiota 1192:1201 the gut microbiota 1184:1201 the gut microbiota 1184:1201 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 5 14 theme gene 949:952 arg1 expression 954:963 global gene expression 942:963 global gene expression 942:963 Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. 27026084 5 15 theme Digital 827:833 arg1 analyses 851:858 Digital gene expression analyses 827:858 Digital gene expression analyses 827:858 Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. 27026084 2 16 theme low-fat 472:478 arg1 diet 480:483 a low-fat diet 470:483 a low-fat diet 470:483 Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. 27026084 4 17 theme obesity 806:812 arg1 development 814:824 obesity development 806:824 obesity development 806:824 Our findings support the notion that reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding is linked to obesity development. 27026084 4 18 theme reduced 731:737 arg1 survival 739:746 reduced survival 731:746 reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding 731:791 Our findings support the notion that reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding is linked to obesity development. 27026084 6 19 from changes 1154:1160 arg1 relation 1206:1213 relation 1206:1213 relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio 1206:1284 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 6 19 from changes 1154:1160 arg1 composition 1169:1179 the composition 1165:1179 the composition of the gut microbiota 1165:1201 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 1 20 theme regular 134:140 arg1 diet 150:153 a regular low-fat diet 132:153 a regular low-fat diet 132:153 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 3 21 with intake 499:504 arg1 ratio 553:557 a high protein/sucrose ratio 530:557 a high protein/sucrose ratio 530:557 By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. 27026084 6 22 theme dietary 1231:1237 arg1 content 1243:1249 dietary fat content 1231:1249 dietary fat content 1231:1249 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 23 theme gut 1393:1395 arg1 microbiota 1397:1406 the gut microbiota 1389:1406 the gut microbiota 1389:1406 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 1 24 theme low-fat 142:148 arg1 diet 150:153 a regular low-fat diet 132:153 a regular low-fat diet 132:153 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 7 25 theme diet 1442:1445 arg1 effect 1421:1426 the effect 1417:1426 the effect of a high-fat diet on survival 1417:1457 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 25 theme diet 1442:1445 arg1 dependent 1462:1470 dependent 1462:1470 dependent 1462:1470 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 3 26 theme high-fat 511:518 arg1 diet 520:523 a high-fat diet 509:523 a high-fat diet 509:523 By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. 27026084 5 27 theme expression 840:849 arg1 analyses 851:858 Digital gene expression analyses 827:858 Digital gene expression analyses 827:858 Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. 27026084 1 28 theme entire 245:250 arg1 lifespan 252:259 their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival 239:345 their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival 239:345 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 7 29 from effect 1421:1426 arg1 survival 1450:1457 survival 1450:1457 survival 1450:1457 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 3 30 theme diet 520:523 arg1 intake 499:504 intake 499:504 intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio 499:557 By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. 27026084 3 31 theme tissue 603:608 arg1 expansion 610:618 adipose tissue expansion 595:618 adipose tissue expansion 595:618 By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. 27026084 0 32 theme long-term 12:20 arg1 diet 35:38 a long-term high-protein diet 10:38 a long-term high-protein diet 10:38 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 5 33 theme adipose 988:994 arg1 tissue 996:1001 adipose tissue 988:1001 adipose tissue 988:1001 Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. 27026084 1 34 theme high-fat 158:165 arg1 diets 167:171 high-fat diets 158:171 high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival 158:345 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 2 35 theme low 381:383 arg1 ratio 401:405 a low protein/sucrose ratio 379:405 a low protein/sucrose ratio 379:405 Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. 27026084 5 36 theme protein/sucrose 910:924 arg1 ratio 926:930 the protein/sucrose ratio 906:930 the protein/sucrose ratio 906:930 Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. 27026084 3 37 theme adipose 595:601 arg1 expansion 610:618 adipose tissue expansion 595:618 adipose tissue expansion 595:618 By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. 27026084 6 38 theme Tract 1122:1126 arg1 Chip 1128:1131 the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip 1101:1131 the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip 1101:1131 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 39 theme protein/sucrose 1328:1342 arg1 driver 1374:1379 a major driver 1366:1379 a major driver shaping the gut microbiota 1366:1406 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 39 theme protein/sucrose 1328:1342 arg1 ratio 1344:1348 the protein/sucrose ratio 1324:1348 the protein/sucrose ratio 1324:1348 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 39 theme protein/sucrose 1328:1342 arg1 fat 1308:1310 dietary fat 1300:1310 dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity 1300:1361 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 0 40 theme diet 35:38 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 0:100 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 0 41 from development 61:71 arg1 mice 96:99 mice 96:99 mice 96:99 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 3 42 theme high 532:535 arg1 ratio 553:557 a high protein/sucrose ratio 530:557 a high protein/sucrose ratio 530:557 By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. 27026084 2 43 theme diet 369:372 arg1 Intake 348:353 Intake 348:353 Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio 348:405 Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. 27026084 0 44 theme high-protein 22:33 arg1 diet 35:38 a long-term high-protein diet 10:38 a long-term high-protein diet 10:38 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 2 45 theme reduced 432:438 arg1 survival 440:447 reduced survival 432:447 reduced survival 432:447 Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. 27026084 7 46 theme dietary 1300:1306 arg1 driver 1374:1379 a major driver 1366:1379 a major driver shaping the gut microbiota 1366:1406 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 46 theme dietary 1300:1306 arg1 ratio 1344:1348 the protein/sucrose ratio 1324:1348 the protein/sucrose ratio 1324:1348 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 46 theme dietary 1300:1306 arg1 fat 1308:1310 dietary fat 1300:1310 dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity 1300:1361 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 2 47 theme protein/sucrose 385:399 arg1 ratio 401:405 a low protein/sucrose ratio 379:405 a low protein/sucrose ratio 379:405 Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. 27026084 2 48 theme high-fat 360:367 arg1 diet 369:372 a high-fat diet 358:372 a high-fat diet 358:372 Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. 27026084 1 49 theme long-term 276:284 arg1 effects 286:292 the long-term effects 272:292 the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival 272:345 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 7 50 dep driver 1374:1379 arg1 whereas 1409:1415 whereas 1409:1415 whereas 1409:1415 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 50 dep driver 1374:1379 arg1 shaping 1381:1387 shaping 1381:1387 shaping 1381:1387 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 51 theme protein/sucrose 1479:1493 arg1 ratio 1495:1499 the protein/sucrose ratio 1475:1499 the protein/sucrose ratio 1475:1499 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 6 52 theme Intestinal 1111:1120 arg1 Chip 1128:1131 the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip 1101:1131 the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip 1101:1131 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 1 53 theme gut 318:320 arg1 microbiota 322:331 gut microbiota 318:331 gut microbiota 318:331 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 2 54 with Intake 348:353 arg1 ratio 401:405 a low protein/sucrose ratio 379:405 a low protein/sucrose ratio 379:405 Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. 27026084 5 55 theme related 1023:1029 arg1 pathways 1014:1021 pathways 1014:1021 pathways related to metabolism and inflammation 1014:1060 Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. 27026084 6 56 theme Mouse 1105:1109 arg1 Chip 1128:1131 the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip 1101:1131 the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip 1101:1131 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 7 57 theme high-fat 1433:1440 arg1 diet 1442:1445 a high-fat diet 1431:1445 a high-fat diet 1431:1445 Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 4 58 theme high-fat/high-sucrose 763:783 arg1 feeding 785:791 high-fat/high-sucrose feeding 763:791 high-fat/high-sucrose feeding 763:791 Our findings support the notion that reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding is linked to obesity development. 27026084 6 59 theme protein/sucrose 1264:1278 arg1 ratio 1280:1284 the protein/sucrose ratio 1260:1284 the protein/sucrose ratio 1260:1284 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 0 60 from microbiota 82:91 arg1 mice 96:99 mice 96:99 mice 96:99 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 6 61 theme microbiota 1192:1201 arg1 composition 1169:1179 the composition 1165:1179 the composition of the gut microbiota 1165:1201 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 3 62 theme protein/sucrose 537:551 arg1 ratio 553:557 a high protein/sucrose ratio 530:557 a high protein/sucrose ratio 530:557 By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. 27026084 1 63 theme Female 102:107 arg1 mice 118:121 Female C57BL/6J mice 102:121 Female C57BL/6J mice 102:121 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 6 64 theme fat 1239:1241 arg1 content 1243:1249 dietary fat content 1231:1249 dietary fat content 1231:1249 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 3 65 theme weight 579:584 arg1 gain 586:589 weight gain 579:589 weight gain 579:589 By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. 27026084 1 66 theme C57BL/6J 109:116 arg1 mice 118:121 Female C57BL/6J mice 102:121 Female C57BL/6J mice 102:121 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 1 67 theme high 194:197 arg1 ratios 225:230 either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios 187:230 either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival 187:345 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 0 68 theme obesity 53:59 arg1 development 61:71 obesity development 53:71 obesity development 53:71 Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. 27026084 6 69 theme DNA 1091:1093 arg1 Analysis 1063:1070 Analysis 1063:1070 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip 1063:1131 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 5 70 theme gene 835:838 arg1 analyses 851:858 Digital gene expression analyses 827:858 Digital gene expression analyses 827:858 Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. 27026084 1 71 theme obesity 297:303 arg1 development 305:315 obesity development 297:315 obesity development 297:315 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 27026084 4 72 attach linked 796:801 arg1 development 814:824 obesity development 806:824 obesity development 806:824 Our findings support the notion that reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding is linked to obesity development. 27026084 4 72 attach linked 796:801 arg2 survival 739:746 reduced survival 731:746 reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding 731:791 Our findings support the notion that reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding is linked to obesity development. 27026084 6 73 theme bacterial 1081:1089 arg1 DNA 1091:1093 fecal bacterial DNA 1075:1093 fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip 1075:1131 Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. 27026084 1 74 theme low 202:204 arg1 ratios 225:230 either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios 187:230 either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival 187:345 Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. 28616703 6 0 from scaffold 774:781 arg1 differentiation 799:813 chondrogenic differentiation 786:813 chondrogenic differentiation 786:813 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 5 1 dep METHODS 607:613 arg1 developed 618:626 developed 618:626 developed a novel biphase composite scaffold 618:661 METHODS We developed a novel biphase composite scaffold and observe its application osteochondral defects. 28616703 5 1 dep METHODS 607:613 arg1 observe 667:673 observe 667:673 observe its application osteochondral defects 667:711 METHODS We developed a novel biphase composite scaffold and observe its application osteochondral defects. 28616703 11 2 theme extracellular 1435:1447 arg1 matrix 1449:1454 Neoformative extracellular matrix 1422:1454 Neoformative extracellular matrix integrated with the scaffold 1422:1483 Neoformative extracellular matrix integrated with the scaffold was observed by the scanning electron microscope. 28616703 6 3 theme osteogenic 889:898 arg1 differentiation 900:914 osteogenic differentiation 889:914 osteogenic differentiation 889:914 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 8 4 theme traditional 1217:1227 arg1 scaffolds 1239:1247 traditional monophase scaffolds 1217:1247 traditional monophase scaffolds 1217:1247 A similar degradation property to traditional monophase scaffolds was observed. 28616703 6 5 from advantages 730:739 arg1 differentiation 900:914 osteogenic differentiation 889:914 osteogenic differentiation 889:914 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 5 from advantages 730:739 arg1 regeneration 925:936 bone regeneration 920:936 bone regeneration 920:936 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 5 from advantages 730:739 arg1 differentiation 799:813 chondrogenic differentiation 786:813 chondrogenic differentiation 786:813 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 7 6 theme 822 1177:1179 arg1 % 1180:1180 822% 1177:1180 822% 1177:1180 RESULTS The biphase scaffold exhibited a porosity ratio around 90% and a water absorption ratio about 822%. 28616703 2 7 theme osteoinductive 302:315 arg1 challenge 351:359 a major challenge 343:359 a major challenge 343:359 For chondral and subchondral repair, the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold is a major challenge. 28616703 2 7 theme osteoinductive 302:315 arg1 property 317:324 the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property 277:324 the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold 277:338 For chondral and subchondral repair, the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold is a major challenge. 28616703 6 8 contain contained 989:997 arg2 phase 1056:1060 the osteoblastic phase 1039:1060 the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA) 1039:1072 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 8 contain contained 989:997 arg2 phase 1021:1025 the chondrocytic phase 1004:1025 the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) 1004:1033 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 8 contain contained 989:997 arg1 scaffold 973:980 a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold 955:980 a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold 955:980 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 8 contain contained 989:997 arg2 SF/CS/nHA 1063:1071 SF/CS/nHA 1063:1071 SF/CS/nHA 1063:1071 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 8 contain contained 989:997 arg2 SF/CS 1028:1032 SF/CS 1028:1032 SF/CS 1028:1032 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 5 9 theme composite 644:652 arg1 scaffold 654:661 a novel biphase composite scaffold 628:661 a novel biphase composite scaffold 628:661 METHODS We developed a novel biphase composite scaffold and observe its application osteochondral defects. 28616703 6 10 theme SF/CS/nHA 866:874 arg1 scaffold 877:884 the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold 819:884 the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration 819:936 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 2 11 theme chondroinductive 281:296 arg1 challenge 351:359 a major challenge 343:359 a major challenge 343:359 For chondral and subchondral repair, the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold is a major challenge. 28616703 2 11 theme chondroinductive 281:296 arg1 property 317:324 the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property 277:324 the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold 277:338 For chondral and subchondral repair, the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold is a major challenge. 28616703 6 12 theme SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA 957:971 arg1 scaffold 973:980 a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold 955:980 a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold 955:980 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 7 13 theme water 1148:1152 arg1 absorption 1154:1163 water absorption 1148:1163 a water absorption ratio about 822% 1146:1180 RESULTS The biphase scaffold exhibited a porosity ratio around 90% and a water absorption ratio about 822%. 28616703 6 14 theme silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite 823:863 arg1 scaffold 877:884 the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold 819:884 the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration 819:936 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 2 15 theme scaffold 331:338 arg1 challenge 351:359 a major challenge 343:359 a major challenge 343:359 For chondral and subchondral repair, the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold is a major challenge. 28616703 2 15 theme scaffold 331:338 arg1 property 317:324 the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property 277:324 the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold 277:338 For chondral and subchondral repair, the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold is a major challenge. 28616703 1 16 theme stem 199:202 arg1 implant 209:215 stem cell implant 199:215 stem cell implant in tissue-engineering 199:237 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 6 17 theme osteoblastic 1043:1054 arg1 SF/CS/nHA 1063:1071 SF/CS/nHA 1063:1071 SF/CS/nHA 1063:1071 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 17 theme osteoblastic 1043:1054 arg1 phase 1056:1060 the osteoblastic phase 1039:1060 the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA) 1039:1072 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 2 18 theme chondral 244:251 arg1 repair 269:274 chondral and subchondral repair 244:274 chondral and subchondral repair 244:274 For chondral and subchondral repair, the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold is a major challenge. 28616703 7 19 theme biphase 1087:1093 arg1 scaffold 1095:1102 The biphase scaffold 1083:1102 The biphase scaffold 1083:1102 RESULTS The biphase scaffold exhibited a porosity ratio around 90% and a water absorption ratio about 822%. 28616703 0 20 from application 52:62 arg1 engineering 74:84 tissue engineering 67:84 tissue engineering 67:84 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold and its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits. 28616703 9 21 theme good 1308:1311 arg1 proliferation 1313:1325 a good proliferation 1306:1325 a good proliferation 1306:1325 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed a good proliferation on this scaffold. 28616703 1 22 theme PURPOSE 132:138 arg1 scaffolds 168:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds 132:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds 132:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 1 22 theme PURPOSE 132:138 arg1 tools 189:193 useful tools 182:193 useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering 182:237 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 4 23 theme cartilage 448:456 arg1 cells 458:462 cartilage cells 448:462 cartilage cells 448:462 However, cartilage cells can hardly be induced for osteogenesis, and monophase scaffolds cannot ideally repair both cartilage and subchondral defects at the same time. 28616703 2 24 theme subchondral 257:267 arg1 repair 269:274 chondral and subchondral repair 244:274 chondral and subchondral repair 244:274 For chondral and subchondral repair, the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold is a major challenge. 28616703 1 25 theme bioactive 158:166 arg1 scaffolds 168:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds 132:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds 132:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 1 25 theme bioactive 158:166 arg1 tools 189:193 useful tools 182:193 useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering 182:237 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 4 26 theme monophase 508:516 arg1 scaffolds 518:526 monophase scaffolds 508:526 monophase scaffolds 508:526 However, cartilage cells can hardly be induced for osteogenesis, and monophase scaffolds cannot ideally repair both cartilage and subchondral defects at the same time. 28616703 0 27 theme tissue 67:72 arg1 engineering 74:84 tissue engineering 67:84 tissue engineering 67:84 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold and its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits. 28616703 5 28 theme osteochondral 691:703 arg1 defects 705:711 its application osteochondral defects 675:711 its application osteochondral defects 675:711 METHODS We developed a novel biphase composite scaffold and observe its application osteochondral defects. 28616703 0 29 from Preparation 0:10 arg1 engineering 74:84 tissue engineering 67:84 tissue engineering 67:84 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold and its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits. 28616703 10 30 theme types 1363:1367 arg1 Expression 1345:1354 Expression 1345:1354 Expression of two types of collagen 1345:1379 Expression of two types of collagen was inducable for BMSCs on the scaffold. 28616703 12 31 theme cartilage 1594:1602 arg1 injury 1604:1609 cartilage injury 1594:1609 cartilage injury 1594:1609 When implanted in the lesion site in the rabbit femur with cartilage injury, mixing and filling function were exerted by the cell-scaffold constructs (CSCs). 28616703 11 32 theme scanning 1505:1512 arg1 microscope 1523:1532 the scanning electron microscope 1501:1532 the scanning electron microscope 1501:1532 Neoformative extracellular matrix integrated with the scaffold was observed by the scanning electron microscope. 28616703 0 33 theme osteochondral 98:110 arg1 defects 112:118 femoral osteochondral defects 90:118 femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits 90:129 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold and its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits. 28616703 7 34 theme absorption 1154:1163 arg1 ratio 1165:1169 a water absorption ratio 1146:1169 a water absorption ratio about 822% 1146:1180 RESULTS The biphase scaffold exhibited a porosity ratio around 90% and a water absorption ratio about 822%. 28616703 4 35 theme subchondral 569:579 arg1 defects 581:587 both cartilage and subchondral defects 550:587 both cartilage and subchondral defects 550:587 However, cartilage cells can hardly be induced for osteogenesis, and monophase scaffolds cannot ideally repair both cartilage and subchondral defects at the same time. 28616703 16 36 theme engineering 2071:2081 arg1 implantation 2083:2094 tissue engineering implantation 2064:2094 tissue engineering implantation 2064:2094 This approach has the potential to be clinically used for tissue engineering implantation. 28616703 0 37 theme composite 25:33 arg1 scaffold 35:42 a biphase composite scaffold 15:42 a biphase composite scaffold 15:42 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold and its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits. 28616703 12 38 theme rabbit 1576:1581 arg1 femur 1583:1587 the rabbit femur 1572:1587 the rabbit femur with cartilage injury 1572:1609 When implanted in the lesion site in the rabbit femur with cartilage injury, mixing and filling function were exerted by the cell-scaffold constructs (CSCs). 28616703 4 39 theme cartilage 555:563 arg1 defects 581:587 both cartilage and subchondral defects 550:587 both cartilage and subchondral defects 550:587 However, cartilage cells can hardly be induced for osteogenesis, and monophase scaffolds cannot ideally repair both cartilage and subchondral defects at the same time. 28616703 9 40 theme mesenchymal 1268:1278 arg1 BMSCs 1292:1296 BMSCs 1292:1296 BMSCs 1292:1296 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed a good proliferation on this scaffold. 28616703 9 40 theme mesenchymal 1268:1278 arg1 cells 1285:1289 Bone mesenchymal stem cells 1263:1289 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 1263:1297 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed a good proliferation on this scaffold. 28616703 2 41 theme major 345:349 arg1 challenge 351:359 a major challenge 343:359 a major challenge 343:359 For chondral and subchondral repair, the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold is a major challenge. 28616703 2 41 theme major 345:349 arg1 property 317:324 the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property 277:324 the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold 277:338 For chondral and subchondral repair, the chondroinductive and osteoinductive property of a scaffold is a major challenge. 28616703 12 42 theme lesion 1557:1562 arg1 site 1564:1567 the lesion site 1553:1567 the lesion site in the rabbit femur with cartilage injury 1553:1609 When implanted in the lesion site in the rabbit femur with cartilage injury, mixing and filling function were exerted by the cell-scaffold constructs (CSCs). 28616703 6 43 from differentiation 799:813 arg1 advantages 730:739 the advantages 726:739 the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation 726:813 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 43 from differentiation 799:813 arg1 scaffold 877:884 the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold 819:884 the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration 819:936 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 44 theme chondrocytic 1008:1019 arg1 SF/CS 1028:1032 SF/CS 1028:1032 SF/CS 1028:1032 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 44 theme chondrocytic 1008:1019 arg1 phase 1021:1025 the chondrocytic phase 1004:1025 the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) 1004:1033 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 16 45 contain has 2020:2022 arg2 potential 2028:2036 the potential to be clinically used for tissue engineering implantation 2024:2094 the potential to be clinically used for tissue engineering implantation 2024:2094 This approach has the potential to be clinically used for tissue engineering implantation. 28616703 16 45 contain has 2020:2022 arg1 approach 2011:2018 This approach 2006:2018 This approach 2006:2018 This approach has the potential to be clinically used for tissue engineering implantation. 28616703 11 46 theme Neoformative 1422:1433 arg1 matrix 1449:1454 Neoformative extracellular matrix 1422:1454 Neoformative extracellular matrix integrated with the scaffold 1422:1483 Neoformative extracellular matrix integrated with the scaffold was observed by the scanning electron microscope. 28616703 8 47 theme degradation 1193:1203 arg1 property 1205:1212 A similar degradation property 1183:1212 A similar degradation property to traditional monophase scaffolds 1183:1247 A similar degradation property to traditional monophase scaffolds was observed. 28616703 4 48 theme same 596:599 arg1 time 601:604 the same time 592:604 the same time 592:604 However, cartilage cells can hardly be induced for osteogenesis, and monophase scaffolds cannot ideally repair both cartilage and subchondral defects at the same time. 28616703 5 49 theme application 679:689 arg1 defects 705:711 its application osteochondral defects 675:711 its application osteochondral defects 675:711 METHODS We developed a novel biphase composite scaffold and observe its application osteochondral defects. 28616703 15 50 theme subchondral 1874:1884 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1849:1859 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair 1849:1891 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair 1849:1891 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair can be achieved using the biphase scaffold implant that permits both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from BMSCs. 28616703 15 50 theme subchondral 1874:1884 arg1 repair 1886:1891 subchondral repair 1874:1891 subchondral repair 1874:1891 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair can be achieved using the biphase scaffold implant that permits both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from BMSCs. 28616703 5 51 theme biphase 636:642 arg1 scaffold 654:661 a novel biphase composite scaffold 628:661 a novel biphase composite scaffold 628:661 METHODS We developed a novel biphase composite scaffold and observe its application osteochondral defects. 28616703 9 52 theme Bone 1263:1266 arg1 BMSCs 1292:1296 BMSCs 1292:1296 BMSCs 1292:1296 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed a good proliferation on this scaffold. 28616703 9 52 theme Bone 1263:1266 arg1 cells 1285:1289 Bone mesenchymal stem cells 1263:1289 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 1263:1297 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed a good proliferation on this scaffold. 28616703 1 53 theme useful 182:187 arg1 scaffolds 168:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds 132:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds 132:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 1 53 theme useful 182:187 arg1 tools 189:193 useful tools 182:193 useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering 182:237 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 8 54 theme monophase 1229:1237 arg1 scaffolds 1239:1247 traditional monophase scaffolds 1217:1247 traditional monophase scaffolds 1217:1247 A similar degradation property to traditional monophase scaffolds was observed. 28616703 9 55 theme stem 1280:1283 arg1 BMSCs 1292:1296 BMSCs 1292:1296 BMSCs 1292:1296 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed a good proliferation on this scaffold. 28616703 9 55 theme stem 1280:1283 arg1 cells 1285:1289 Bone mesenchymal stem cells 1263:1289 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 1263:1297 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed a good proliferation on this scaffold. 28616703 12 56 theme cell-scaffold 1660:1672 arg1 CSCs 1686:1689 CSCs 1686:1689 CSCs 1686:1689 When implanted in the lesion site in the rabbit femur with cartilage injury, mixing and filling function were exerted by the cell-scaffold constructs (CSCs). 28616703 12 56 theme cell-scaffold 1660:1672 arg1 constructs 1674:1683 the cell-scaffold constructs 1656:1683 the cell-scaffold constructs (CSCs) 1656:1690 When implanted in the lesion site in the rabbit femur with cartilage injury, mixing and filling function were exerted by the cell-scaffold constructs (CSCs). 28616703 1 57 theme cell 204:207 arg1 implant 209:215 stem cell implant 199:215 stem cell implant in tissue-engineering 199:237 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 12 58 from site 1564:1567 arg1 femur 1583:1587 the rabbit femur 1572:1587 the rabbit femur with cartilage injury 1572:1609 When implanted in the lesion site in the rabbit femur with cartilage injury, mixing and filling function were exerted by the cell-scaffold constructs (CSCs). 28616703 15 59 theme scaffold 1927:1934 arg1 implant 1936:1942 the biphase scaffold implant 1915:1942 the biphase scaffold implant that permits both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from BMSCs 1915:2003 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair can be achieved using the biphase scaffold implant that permits both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from BMSCs. 28616703 7 60 theme porosity 1116:1123 arg1 ratio 1125:1129 a porosity ratio 1114:1129 a porosity ratio around 90% 1114:1140 RESULTS The biphase scaffold exhibited a porosity ratio around 90% and a water absorption ratio about 822%. 28616703 15 61 dep CONCLUSIONS 1849:1859 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1849:1859 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair 1849:1891 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair 1849:1891 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair can be achieved using the biphase scaffold implant that permits both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from BMSCs. 28616703 15 61 dep CONCLUSIONS 1849:1859 arg1 Chondral 1861:1868 Chondral 1861:1868 Chondral 1861:1868 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair can be achieved using the biphase scaffold implant that permits both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from BMSCs. 28616703 15 61 dep CONCLUSIONS 1849:1859 arg1 repair 1886:1891 subchondral repair 1874:1891 subchondral repair 1874:1891 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair can be achieved using the biphase scaffold implant that permits both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from BMSCs. 28616703 0 62 from defects 112:118 arg1 rabbits 123:129 rabbits 123:129 rabbits 123:129 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold and its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits. 28616703 1 63 from implant 209:215 arg1 tissue-engineering 220:237 tissue-engineering 220:237 tissue-engineering 220:237 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 12 64 with femur 1583:1587 arg1 injury 1604:1609 cartilage injury 1594:1609 cartilage injury 1594:1609 When implanted in the lesion site in the rabbit femur with cartilage injury, mixing and filling function were exerted by the cell-scaffold constructs (CSCs). 28616703 1 65 theme Three-dimensional 140:156 arg1 scaffolds 168:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds 132:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds 132:176 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 1 65 theme Three-dimensional 140:156 arg1 tools 189:193 useful tools 182:193 useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering 182:237 PURPOSE Three-dimensional bioactive scaffolds are useful tools for stem cell implant in tissue-engineering. 28616703 12 66 theme filling 1623:1629 arg1 function 1631:1638 filling function 1623:1638 filling function 1623:1638 When implanted in the lesion site in the rabbit femur with cartilage injury, mixing and filling function were exerted by the cell-scaffold constructs (CSCs). 28616703 0 67 theme femoral 90:96 arg1 defects 112:118 femoral osteochondral defects 90:118 femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits 90:129 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold and its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits. 28616703 6 68 theme silk-fibroin/chitosan 744:764 arg1 scaffold 774:781 silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold 744:781 silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation 744:813 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 4 69 from time 601:604 arg1 repair 543:548 repair 543:548 repair 543:548 However, cartilage cells can hardly be induced for osteogenesis, and monophase scaffolds cannot ideally repair both cartilage and subchondral defects at the same time. 28616703 7 70 dep RESULTS 1075:1081 arg1 exhibited 1104:1112 exhibited 1104:1112 exhibited a porosity ratio around 90% and a water absorption ratio about 822% 1104:1180 RESULTS The biphase scaffold exhibited a porosity ratio around 90% and a water absorption ratio about 822%. 28616703 5 71 theme novel 630:634 arg1 scaffold 654:661 a novel biphase composite scaffold 628:661 a novel biphase composite scaffold 628:661 METHODS We developed a novel biphase composite scaffold and observe its application osteochondral defects. 28616703 6 72 from scaffold 877:884 arg1 differentiation 900:914 osteogenic differentiation 889:914 osteogenic differentiation 889:914 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 72 from scaffold 877:884 arg1 regeneration 925:936 bone regeneration 920:936 bone regeneration 920:936 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 72 from scaffold 877:884 arg1 differentiation 799:813 chondrogenic differentiation 786:813 chondrogenic differentiation 786:813 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 13 73 theme subchondral 1738:1748 arg1 layers 1750:1755 both chondral and subchondral layers 1720:1755 both chondral and subchondral layers 1720:1755 Micro-CT scanning revealed both chondral and subchondral layers were repaired. 28616703 16 74 theme tissue 2064:2069 arg1 implantation 2083:2094 tissue engineering implantation 2064:2094 tissue engineering implantation 2064:2094 This approach has the potential to be clinically used for tissue engineering implantation. 28616703 10 75 from BMSCs 1399:1403 arg1 scaffold 1412:1419 the scaffold 1408:1419 the scaffold 1408:1419 Expression of two types of collagen was inducable for BMSCs on the scaffold. 28616703 10 76 theme collagen 1372:1379 arg1 types 1363:1367 two types 1359:1367 two types of collagen 1359:1379 Expression of two types of collagen was inducable for BMSCs on the scaffold. 28616703 0 77 theme biphase 17:23 arg1 scaffold 35:42 a biphase composite scaffold 15:42 a biphase composite scaffold 15:42 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold and its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits. 28616703 3 78 theme osteogenic 388:397 arg1 differentiation 399:413 osteogenic differentiation 388:413 osteogenic differentiation 388:413 The scaffolds that aim to osteogenic differentiation have been well studied. 28616703 11 79 theme electron 1514:1521 arg1 microscope 1523:1532 the scanning electron microscope 1501:1532 the scanning electron microscope 1501:1532 Neoformative extracellular matrix integrated with the scaffold was observed by the scanning electron microscope. 28616703 0 80 theme scaffold 35:42 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold 0:42 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold and its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits. 28616703 0 80 theme scaffold 35:42 arg1 application 52:62 its application 48:62 its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits 48:129 Preparation of a biphase composite scaffold and its application in tissue engineering for femoral osteochondral defects in rabbits. 28616703 13 81 theme chondral 1725:1732 arg1 layers 1750:1755 both chondral and subchondral layers 1720:1755 both chondral and subchondral layers 1720:1755 Micro-CT scanning revealed both chondral and subchondral layers were repaired. 28616703 14 82 theme implanted 1833:1841 arg1 CSCs 1843:1846 the implanted CSCs 1829:1846 the implanted CSCs 1829:1846 Moreover, type I and II collagens were both expressed in the implanted CSCs. 28616703 6 83 theme chondrogenic 786:797 arg1 differentiation 799:813 chondrogenic differentiation 786:813 chondrogenic differentiation 786:813 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 84 theme bone 920:923 arg1 regeneration 925:936 bone regeneration 920:936 bone regeneration 920:936 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 13 85 theme Micro-CT 1693:1700 arg1 scanning 1702:1709 Micro-CT scanning 1693:1709 Micro-CT scanning 1693:1709 Micro-CT scanning revealed both chondral and subchondral layers were repaired. 28616703 6 86 theme scaffold 774:781 arg1 advantages 730:739 the advantages 726:739 the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation 726:813 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 6 86 theme scaffold 774:781 arg1 scaffold 877:884 the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold 819:884 the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration 819:936 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28616703 8 87 theme similar 1185:1191 arg1 property 1205:1212 A similar degradation property 1183:1212 A similar degradation property to traditional monophase scaffolds 1183:1247 A similar degradation property to traditional monophase scaffolds was observed. 28616703 15 88 theme biphase 1919:1925 arg1 implant 1936:1942 the biphase scaffold implant 1915:1942 the biphase scaffold implant that permits both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from BMSCs 1915:2003 CONCLUSIONS Chondral and subchondral repair can be achieved using the biphase scaffold implant that permits both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from BMSCs. 28616703 6 89 theme SF/CS 767:771 arg1 scaffold 774:781 silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold 744:781 silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation 744:813 We combined the advantages of silk-fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold in chondrogenic differentiation and the silk-fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) scaffold in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration, and synthesized a SF/CS-SF/CS/nHA scaffold, which contained both the chondrocytic phase (SF/CS) and the osteoblastic phase (SF/CS/nHA). 28253322 4 0 theme separate 848:855 arg1 experiments 857:867 two separate experiments 844:867 two separate experiments 844:867 Conventionally, two separate experiments had to be conducted to obtain such information. 28253322 3 1 theme long 656:659 arg1 methodology 661:671 The 38-minute long methodology 642:671 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study 642:695 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 1 2 theme chemical 251:258 arg1 composition 328:338 the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition 247:338 the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass 247:365 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 2 3 from efficiency 600:609 arg1 capability 478:487 a capability 476:487 a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream 476:564 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 2 3 from efficiency 600:609 arg1 useful 574:579 useful 574:579 useful 574:579 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 6 4 theme RPD- 1151:1154 arg1 R2-0.92 1142:1148 R2-0.92 1142:1148 R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58 1142:1159 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 6 5 dep matter 1134:1139 arg1 R2-0.92 1142:1148 R2-0.92 1142:1148 R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58 1142:1159 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 1 6 theme modeling 168:175 arg1 use 149:151 the use 145:151 the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass 145:365 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 11 7 from study 1765:1769 arg1 Results 1747:1753 Results 1747:1753 Results from this study 1747:1769 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 3 8 from data 822:825 arg1 prediction 722:731 the simultaneous prediction 705:731 the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data 705:825 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 11 9 theme carbon 2021:2026 arg1 yield 2006:2010 the yield 2002:2010 the yield of fixed carbon 2002:2026 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 1 10 theme thermogravimetric 180:196 arg1 data 203:206 thermogravimetric (TG) data 180:206 thermogravimetric (TG) data 180:206 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 2 11 dep success 588:594 arg1 the 584:586 the 584:586 the 584:586 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 4 12 theme such 899:902 arg1 information 904:914 such information 899:914 such information 899:914 Conventionally, two separate experiments had to be conducted to obtain such information. 28253322 6 13 dep RPD- 1151:1154 arg1 3.58 1156:1159 3.58 1156:1159 3.58 1156:1159 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 3 14 theme simultaneous 709:720 arg1 prediction 722:731 the simultaneous prediction 705:731 the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data 705:825 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 5 15 theme data 1059:1062 arg1 deconvolution 1039:1051 the traditional deconvolution 1023:1051 the traditional deconvolution of TG data 1023:1062 In addition, the chemometric models constructed with normalized TG data outperformed models developed via the traditional deconvolution of TG data. 28253322 10 16 theme reactivity 1724:1733 arg1 properties 1735:1744 these chemical and thermal reactivity properties 1697:1744 these chemical and thermal reactivity properties 1697:1744 The findings indicate that common latent variables are shared between these chemical and thermal reactivity properties. 28253322 1 17 theme data 203:206 arg1 modeling 168:175 chemometric modeling 156:175 chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data 156:206 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 6 18 theme RPD- 1183:1186 arg1 R2-0.82 1174:1180 R2-0.82 1174:1180 R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40 1174:1191 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 6 19 dep lignin 1166:1171 arg1 R2-0.82 1174:1180 R2-0.82 1174:1180 R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40 1174:1191 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 5 20 theme traditional 1027:1037 arg1 deconvolution 1039:1051 the traditional deconvolution 1023:1051 the traditional deconvolution of TG data 1023:1062 In addition, the chemometric models constructed with normalized TG data outperformed models developed via the traditional deconvolution of TG data. 28253322 1 21 theme study 119:123 arg1 objective 101:109 The objective 97:109 The objective of this study 97:123 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 3 22 theme forest-derived 782:795 arg1 biomass 797:803 forest-derived biomass 782:803 forest-derived biomass 782:803 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 11 23 theme elementary 1969:1978 arg1 carbon 1980:1985 elementary carbon 1969:1985 elementary carbon 1969:1985 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 2 24 theme products 466:473 arg1 yield 440:444 yield 440:444 yield 440:444 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 2 24 theme products 466:473 arg1 pathway 413:419 the conversion pathway 398:419 the conversion pathway 398:419 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 2 24 theme products 466:473 arg1 costs 433:437 processing costs 422:437 processing costs 422:437 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 2 24 theme products 466:473 arg1 quality 455:461 quality 455:461 quality of products 455:473 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 6 25 theme lignin 1166:1171 arg1 contents 1194:1201 lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents 1166:1201 lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass 1166:1216 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 6 26 dep RPD- 1183:1186 arg1 2.40 1188:1191 2.40 1188:1191 2.40 1188:1191 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 3 27 theme properties 768:777 arg1 prediction 722:731 the simultaneous prediction 705:731 the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data 705:825 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 8 28 theme decomposition 1437:1449 arg1 behavior 1451:1458 the thermal decomposition behavior 1425:1458 the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass 1425:1514 Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models also provided some insights into the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 3 29 theme same 814:817 arg1 data 822:825 the same TG data 810:825 the same TG data 810:825 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 0 30 theme forest 81:86 arg1 biomass 88:94 forest biomass 81:94 forest biomass 81:94 Chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric data for the compositional analysis of forest biomass. 28253322 1 31 theme ash 314:316 arg1 contents 318:325 ash contents 314:325 ash contents 314:325 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 1 32 dep proximate 264:272 arg1 matter 289:294 volatile matter 280:294 volatile matter 280:294 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 1 32 dep proximate 264:272 arg1 carbon 303:308 fixed carbon 297:308 fixed carbon 297:308 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 1 32 dep proximate 264:272 arg1 contents 318:325 ash contents 314:325 ash contents 314:325 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 11 33 with lignin 1932:1937 arg1 percentage 1955:1964 its higher percentage 1944:1964 its higher percentage of elementary carbon 1944:1985 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 8 34 theme chemical 1467:1474 arg1 constituents 1476:1487 the chemical constituents 1463:1487 the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass 1463:1514 Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models also provided some insights into the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 6 35 theme PLS 1065:1067 arg1 models 1077:1082 PLS and PCR models 1065:1082 models 1077:1082 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 1 36 dep matter 289:294 arg1 i.e. 275:278 i.e. 275:278 i.e. 275:278 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 0 37 theme Chemometric 0:10 arg1 modeling 12:19 Chemometric modeling 0:19 Chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric data for the compositional analysis of forest biomass. 0:95 Chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric data for the compositional analysis of forest biomass. 28253322 9 38 theme similar 1531:1537 arg1 loadings 1539:1546 similar loadings 1531:1546 similar loadings 1531:1546 For instance, similar loadings were noted for volatile matter and cellulose, and for fixed carbon and lignin. 28253322 7 39 from sugars 1310:1315 arg1 study 1325:1329 this study 1320:1329 this study 1320:1329 The application of chemometrics to TG data also made it possible to predict some monomeric sugars in this study. 28253322 8 40 theme biomass 1508:1514 arg1 constituents 1476:1487 the chemical constituents 1463:1487 the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass 1463:1514 Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models also provided some insights into the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 2 41 theme technologies 628:639 arg1 efficiency 600:609 efficiency 600:609 efficiency 600:609 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 2 41 theme technologies 628:639 arg1 success 588:594 success 588:594 success 588:594 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 2 42 theme conversion 402:411 arg1 pathway 413:419 the conversion pathway 398:419 the conversion pathway 398:419 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 11 43 theme carbon 1980:1985 arg1 percentage 1955:1964 its higher percentage 1944:1964 its higher percentage of elementary carbon 1944:1985 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 1 44 theme biomass 359:365 arg1 composition 328:338 the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition 247:338 the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass 247:365 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 11 45 theme volatiles 1892:1900 arg1 yield 1883:1887 the yield 1879:1887 the yield of volatiles 1879:1900 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 0 46 theme data 42:45 arg1 modeling 12:19 Chemometric modeling 0:19 Chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric data for the compositional analysis of forest biomass. 0:95 Chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric data for the compositional analysis of forest biomass. 28253322 1 47 theme volatile 280:287 arg1 matter 289:294 volatile matter 280:294 volatile matter 280:294 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 2 48 dep capability 478:487 arg1 determine 500:508 determine 500:508 to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream 489:564 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 2 49 from useful 574:579 arg1 efficiency 600:609 efficiency 600:609 efficiency 600:609 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 2 49 from useful 574:579 arg1 success 588:594 success 588:594 success 588:594 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 8 50 theme PC 1347:1348 arg1 loadings 1350:1357 PC loadings 1347:1357 PC loadings obtained from chemometric models 1347:1390 Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models also provided some insights into the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 10 51 theme latent 1661:1666 arg1 variables 1668:1676 common latent variables 1654:1676 common latent variables 1654:1676 The findings indicate that common latent variables are shared between these chemical and thermal reactivity properties. 28253322 3 52 theme 38-minute 646:654 arg1 methodology 661:671 The 38-minute long methodology 642:671 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study 642:695 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 5 53 theme TG 981:982 arg1 data 984:987 normalized TG data 970:987 normalized TG data 970:987 In addition, the chemometric models constructed with normalized TG data outperformed models developed via the traditional deconvolution of TG data. 28253322 8 54 theme chemometric 1373:1383 arg1 models 1385:1390 chemometric models 1373:1390 chemometric models 1373:1390 Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models also provided some insights into the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 1 55 theme alternative 214:224 arg1 approach 226:233 an alternative approach 211:233 an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass 211:365 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 11 56 theme stable 1836:1841 arg1 polysaccharides 1843:1857 the less thermally stable polysaccharides 1817:1857 the less thermally stable polysaccharides 1817:1857 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 11 56 theme stable 1836:1841 arg1 responsible 1863:1873 responsible 1863:1873 responsible 1863:1873 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 9 57 theme fixed 1602:1606 arg1 carbon 1608:1613 fixed carbon 1602:1613 fixed carbon 1602:1613 For instance, similar loadings were noted for volatile matter and cellulose, and for fixed carbon and lignin. 28253322 6 58 theme PCR 1073:1075 arg1 models 1077:1082 PLS and PCR models 1065:1082 models 1077:1082 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 10 59 theme thermal 1716:1722 arg1 properties 1735:1744 these chemical and thermal reactivity properties 1697:1744 these chemical and thermal reactivity properties 1697:1744 The findings indicate that common latent variables are shared between these chemical and thermal reactivity properties. 28253322 2 60 theme process 551:557 arg1 stream 559:564 the process stream 547:564 the process stream 547:564 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 6 61 theme biomass 1210:1216 arg1 contents 1194:1201 lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents 1166:1201 lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass 1166:1216 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 6 61 theme biomass 1210:1216 arg1 matter 1134:1139 the volatile matter 1121:1139 the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) 1121:1160 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 10 62 theme chemical 1703:1710 arg1 properties 1735:1744 these chemical and thermal reactivity properties 1697:1744 these chemical and thermal reactivity properties 1697:1744 The findings indicate that common latent variables are shared between these chemical and thermal reactivity properties. 28253322 1 63 theme chemometric 156:166 arg1 modeling 168:175 chemometric modeling 156:175 chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data 156:206 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 11 64 theme fixed 2015:2019 arg1 carbon 2021:2026 fixed carbon 2015:2026 fixed carbon 2015:2026 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 6 65 theme volatile 1125:1132 arg1 matter 1134:1139 the volatile matter 1121:1139 the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) 1121:1160 PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. 28253322 3 66 dep properties 768:777 arg1 both 736:739 both 736:739 both 736:739 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 3 67 theme proximate 758:766 arg1 properties 768:777 both the chemical and proximate properties 736:777 properties 768:777 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 11 68 theme recalcitrant 1919:1930 arg1 lignin 1932:1937 the more recalcitrant lignin 1910:1937 the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon 1910:1985 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 3 69 theme chemical 745:752 arg1 properties 768:777 both the chemical and proximate properties 736:777 properties 768:777 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 2 70 theme biomass 520:526 arg1 feedstock 528:536 biomass feedstock 520:536 biomass feedstock entering the process stream 520:564 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 8 71 theme thermal 1429:1435 arg1 behavior 1451:1458 the thermal decomposition behavior 1425:1458 the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass 1425:1514 Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models also provided some insights into the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 7 72 theme monomeric 1300:1308 arg1 sugars 1310:1315 some monomeric sugars 1295:1315 some monomeric sugars in this study 1295:1329 The application of chemometrics to TG data also made it possible to predict some monomeric sugars in this study. 28253322 3 73 theme biomass 797:803 arg1 properties 768:777 both the chemical and proximate properties 736:777 properties 768:777 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 5 74 theme TG 1056:1057 arg1 data 1059:1062 TG data 1056:1062 TG data 1056:1062 In addition, the chemometric models constructed with normalized TG data outperformed models developed via the traditional deconvolution of TG data. 28253322 11 75 theme higher 1948:1953 arg1 percentage 1955:1964 its higher percentage 1944:1964 its higher percentage of elementary carbon 1944:1985 Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon. 28253322 0 76 theme biomass 88:94 arg1 analysis 69:76 the compositional analysis 51:76 the compositional analysis of forest biomass 51:94 Chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric data for the compositional analysis of forest biomass. 28253322 2 77 theme bioconversion 614:626 arg1 technologies 628:639 bioconversion technologies 614:639 bioconversion technologies 614:639 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 3 78 theme TG 819:820 arg1 data 822:825 the same TG data 810:825 the same TG data 810:825 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 5 79 theme chemometric 934:944 arg1 models 946:951 the chemometric models 930:951 the chemometric models constructed with normalized TG data 930:987 In addition, the chemometric models constructed with normalized TG data outperformed models developed via the traditional deconvolution of TG data. 28253322 8 80 theme constituents 1476:1487 arg1 behavior 1451:1458 the thermal decomposition behavior 1425:1458 the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass 1425:1514 Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models also provided some insights into the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 8 81 theme lignocellulosic 1492:1506 arg1 biomass 1508:1514 lignocellulosic biomass 1492:1514 lignocellulosic biomass 1492:1514 Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models also provided some insights into the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 1 82 theme lignocellulosic 343:357 arg1 biomass 359:365 lignocellulosic biomass 343:365 lignocellulosic biomass 343:365 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 2 83 theme processing 422:431 arg1 costs 433:437 processing costs 422:437 processing costs 422:437 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 3 84 link forest-derived 782:795 arg1 biomass 797:803 forest-derived biomass 782:803 forest-derived biomass 782:803 The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. 28253322 0 85 theme thermogravimetric 24:40 arg1 data 42:45 thermogravimetric data 24:45 thermogravimetric data 24:45 Chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric data for the compositional analysis of forest biomass. 28253322 1 86 theme proximate 264:272 arg1 composition 328:338 the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition 247:338 the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass 247:365 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 7 87 theme TG 1254:1255 arg1 data 1257:1260 TG data 1254:1260 TG data 1254:1260 The application of chemometrics to TG data also made it possible to predict some monomeric sugars in this study. 28253322 7 88 theme chemometrics 1238:1249 arg1 application 1223:1233 The application 1219:1233 The application of chemometrics to TG data 1219:1260 The application of chemometrics to TG data also made it possible to predict some monomeric sugars in this study. 28253322 1 89 dep thermogravimetric 180:196 arg1 TG 199:200 TG 199:200 TG 199:200 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 0 90 theme compositional 55:67 arg1 analysis 69:76 the compositional analysis 51:76 the compositional analysis of forest biomass 51:94 Chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric data for the compositional analysis of forest biomass. 28253322 9 91 theme volatile 1563:1570 arg1 matter 1572:1577 volatile matter 1563:1577 volatile matter 1563:1577 For instance, similar loadings were noted for volatile matter and cellulose, and for fixed carbon and lignin. 28253322 2 92 from success 588:594 arg1 capability 478:487 a capability 476:487 a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream 476:564 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 2 92 from success 588:594 arg1 useful 574:579 useful 574:579 useful 574:579 Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. 28253322 10 93 theme common 1654:1659 arg1 variables 1668:1676 common latent variables 1654:1676 common latent variables 1654:1676 The findings indicate that common latent variables are shared between these chemical and thermal reactivity properties. 28253322 1 94 theme fixed 297:301 arg1 carbon 303:308 fixed carbon 297:308 fixed carbon 297:308 The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. 28253322 5 95 theme normalized 970:979 arg1 data 984:987 normalized TG data 970:987 normalized TG data 970:987 In addition, the chemometric models constructed with normalized TG data outperformed models developed via the traditional deconvolution of TG data. 28253322 8 96 theme loadings 1350:1357 arg1 Elucidation 1332:1342 Elucidation 1332:1342 Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models 1332:1390 Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models also provided some insights into the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. 28362543 9 0 theme natural 1819:1825 arg1 sources 1827:1833 natural sources 1819:1833 natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms 1819:1889 Therefore, UP1306 could potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms. 28362543 8 1 from reductions 1532:1541 arg1 sensitivity 1609:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 1 from reductions 1532:1541 arg1 integrity 1691:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 2 2 theme OA 369:370 arg1 management 372:381 Current OA management 361:381 Current OA management 361:381 Current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage. 28362543 8 3 theme pain 1604:1607 arg1 sensitivity 1609:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 7 4 theme proteoglycan 1416:1427 arg1 activity 1440:1447 their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity 1390:1447 their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity 1390:1447 The merit of combining two bioflavonoid standardized extracts from A. catechu and M. alba was demonstrated in their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity. 28362543 6 5 theme 100 1246:1248 arg1 concentrations 1224:1237 concentrations 1224:1237 concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively 1224:1277 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 8 6 theme significant 1636:1646 arg1 improvements 1648:1659 statistically significant improvements 1622:1659 statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity 1622:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 9 7 theme OA 1857:1858 arg1 management 1843:1852 the management 1839:1852 the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms 1839:1889 Therefore, UP1306 could potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms. 28362543 3 8 from heartwood 739:747 arg1 extracts 721:728 two standardized extracts 704:728 two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu 704:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 3 8 from heartwood 739:747 arg1 blend 695:699 a proprietary blend 681:699 a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu 681:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 6 9 theme 50 1242:1243 arg1 concentrations 1224:1237 concentrations 1224:1237 concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively 1224:1277 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 1 10 theme articular 194:202 arg1 degradation 214:224 a progressive articular cartilage degradation 180:224 a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility 180:358 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 2 11 theme structural 588:597 arg1 damage 599:604 irreversible structural damage 575:604 irreversible structural damage 575:604 Current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage. 28362543 3 12 from symptoms 872:879 arg1 model 936:940 monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 884:940 monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 884:940 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 13 from damage 1731:1736 arg1 sensitivity 1609:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 13 from damage 1731:1736 arg1 integrity 1691:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 3 14 theme catechu 759:765 arg1 heartwood 739:747 the heartwood 735:747 the heartwood of Acacia catechu 735:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 15 theme cartilage 1674:1682 arg1 integrity 1691:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 9 16 theme symptoms 1882:1889 arg1 management 1843:1852 the management 1839:1852 the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms 1839:1889 Therefore, UP1306 could potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms. 28362543 3 17 contain containing 670:679 arg1 composition 658:668 a composition 656:668 a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu 656:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 3 17 contain containing 670:679 arg2 blend 695:699 a proprietary blend 681:699 a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu 681:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 18 from % 1557:1557 arg1 sensitivity 1609:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 3 19 theme bark 780:783 arg1 effect 638:643 the effect 634:643 the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba 634:797 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 20 from % 1571:1571 arg1 sensitivity 1609:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 6 21 from UP1306 1214:1219 arg1 inhibitions 1168:1178 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions 1144:1178 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 1144:1219 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 3 22 theme UP1306 648:653 arg1 effect 638:643 the effect 634:643 the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba 634:797 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 23 theme subchondral 1714:1724 arg1 damage 1731:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 3 24 theme OA 858:859 arg1 symptoms 872:879 OA associated symptoms 858:879 OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 858:940 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 25 theme vivo 1464:1467 arg1 model 1472:1476 vivo OA model 1464:1476 vivo OA model 1464:1476 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 6 26 theme proteoglycan 1183:1194 arg1 degradations 1196:1207 proteoglycan degradations 1183:1207 proteoglycan degradations 1183:1207 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 1 27 theme joint 149:153 arg1 Osteoarthritis 111:124 Osteoarthritis 111:124 Osteoarthritis (OA) 111:129 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 1 27 theme joint 149:153 arg1 disease 155:161 a degenerative joint disease 134:161 a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility 134:358 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 0 28 theme Osteoarthritis 81:94 arg1 Model 104:108 Osteoarthritis Disease Model 81:108 Osteoarthritis Disease Model 81:108 A Botanical Composition Mitigates Cartilage Degradations and Pain Sensitivity in Osteoarthritis Disease Model. 28362543 7 29 dep Ex 1396:1397 arg1 vivo 1399:1402 vivo 1399:1402 vivo 1399:1402 The merit of combining two bioflavonoid standardized extracts from A. catechu and M. alba was demonstrated in their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity. 28362543 3 30 theme structural 821:830 arg1 integrity 832:840 joint structural integrity 815:840 joint structural integrity 815:840 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 6 31 theme % 1166:1166 arg1 inhibitions 1168:1178 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions 1144:1178 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 1144:1219 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 3 32 theme OA 925:926 arg1 model 936:940 monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 884:940 monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 884:940 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 33 from MIA 1457:1459 arg1 model 1472:1476 vivo OA model 1464:1476 vivo OA model 1464:1476 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 3 34 theme -induced 912:919 arg1 model 936:940 monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 884:940 monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 884:940 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 7 35 theme standardized 1320:1331 arg1 extracts 1333:1340 two bioflavonoid standardized extracts 1303:1340 two bioflavonoid standardized extracts 1303:1340 The merit of combining two bioflavonoid standardized extracts from A. catechu and M. alba was demonstrated in their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity. 28362543 1 36 theme inflammation 314:325 arg1 symptoms 302:309 symptoms 302:309 symptoms 302:309 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 1 36 theme inflammation 314:325 arg1 signs 292:296 signs 292:296 signs 292:296 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 2 37 theme nominal 416:422 arg1 therapies 424:432 nominal therapies 416:432 nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage 416:604 Current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage. 28362543 0 38 theme Cartilage 34:42 arg1 Degradations 44:55 Cartilage Degradations 34:55 Cartilage Degradations 34:55 A Botanical Composition Mitigates Cartilage Degradations and Pain Sensitivity in Osteoarthritis Disease Model. 28362543 1 39 theme stiffness 328:336 arg1 symptoms 302:309 symptoms 302:309 symptoms 302:309 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 1 39 theme stiffness 328:336 arg1 signs 292:296 signs 292:296 signs 292:296 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 9 40 from sources 1827:1833 arg1 remedy 1807:1812 an alternative remedy 1792:1812 an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms 1792:1889 Therefore, UP1306 could potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms. 28362543 9 40 from sources 1827:1833 arg1 UP1306 1750:1755 UP1306 1750:1755 UP1306 1750:1755 Therefore, UP1306 could potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms. 28362543 2 41 theme disease 470:476 arg1 progression 478:488 disease progression 470:488 disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage 470:604 Current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage. 28362543 2 42 theme Current 361:367 arg1 management 372:381 Current OA management 361:381 Current OA management 361:381 Current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage. 28362543 1 43 theme significant 242:252 arg1 impairment 265:274 significant functional impairment 242:274 significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility 242:358 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 1 44 with impairment 265:274 arg1 symptoms 302:309 symptoms 302:309 symptoms 302:309 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 1 44 with impairment 265:274 arg1 signs 292:296 signs 292:296 signs 292:296 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 9 45 theme alternative 1795:1805 arg1 remedy 1807:1812 an alternative remedy 1792:1812 an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms 1792:1889 Therefore, UP1306 could potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms. 28362543 9 45 theme alternative 1795:1805 arg1 UP1306 1750:1755 UP1306 1750:1755 UP1306 1750:1755 Therefore, UP1306 could potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms. 28362543 8 46 theme % 1557:1557 arg1 reductions 1532:1541 reductions 1532:1541 reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity 1532:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 46 theme % 1557:1557 arg1 improvements 1648:1659 statistically significant improvements 1622:1659 statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity 1622:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 46 theme % 1557:1557 arg1 damage 1731:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 3 47 theme proprietary 683:693 arg1 blend 695:699 a proprietary blend 681:699 a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu 681:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 48 theme % 1582:1582 arg1 reductions 1532:1541 reductions 1532:1541 reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity 1532:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 48 theme % 1582:1582 arg1 improvements 1648:1659 statistically significant improvements 1622:1659 statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity 1622:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 48 theme % 1582:1582 arg1 damage 1731:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 6 49 theme proteoglycan 1101:1112 arg1 model 1125:1129 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model 1093:1129 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model 1093:1129 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 3 50 from blend 695:699 arg1 heartwood 739:747 the heartwood 735:747 the heartwood of Acacia catechu 735:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 5 51 from 10 mg/kg 1050:1057 arg1 compound 1083:1090 a reference compound 1071:1090 a reference compound 1071:1090 Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. 28362543 5 51 from 10 mg/kg 1050:1057 arg1 Diclofenac 1036:1045 Diclofenac 1036:1045 Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg 1036:1057 Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. 28362543 4 52 from histopathology 971:984 arg1 Data 943:946 Data 943:946 Data from pain sensitivity, histopathology, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level 943:1019 Data from pain sensitivity, histopathology, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level were analyzed. 28362543 6 53 theme Ex 1093:1094 arg1 model 1125:1129 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model 1093:1129 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model 1093:1129 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 3 54 theme standardized 708:719 arg1 extracts 721:728 two standardized extracts 704:728 two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu 704:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 6 55 theme 200 μg/mL 1255:1263 arg1 concentrations 1224:1237 concentrations 1224:1237 concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively 1224:1277 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 4 56 from sensitivity 958:968 arg1 Data 943:946 Data 943:946 Data from pain sensitivity, histopathology, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level 943:1019 Data from pain sensitivity, histopathology, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level were analyzed. 28362543 7 57 theme protection 1429:1438 arg1 activity 1440:1447 their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity 1390:1447 their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity 1390:1447 The merit of combining two bioflavonoid standardized extracts from A. catechu and M. alba was demonstrated in their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity. 28362543 8 58 theme % 1571:1571 arg1 reductions 1532:1541 reductions 1532:1541 reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity 1532:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 58 theme % 1571:1571 arg1 improvements 1648:1659 statistically significant improvements 1622:1659 statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity 1622:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 58 theme % 1571:1571 arg1 damage 1731:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 3 59 theme Acacia 752:757 arg1 catechu 759:765 Acacia catechu 752:765 Acacia catechu 752:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 7 60 theme synergistic 1404:1414 arg1 activity 1440:1447 their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity 1390:1447 their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity 1390:1447 The merit of combining two bioflavonoid standardized extracts from A. catechu and M. alba was demonstrated in their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity. 28362543 4 61 theme glycosaminoglycan 991:1007 arg1 level 1015:1019 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level 991:1019 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level 991:1019 Data from pain sensitivity, histopathology, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level were analyzed. 28362543 8 62 from % 1550:1550 arg1 sensitivity 1609:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 1 63 theme progressive 182:192 arg1 degradation 214:224 a progressive articular cartilage degradation 180:224 a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility 180:358 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 6 64 theme % 1155:1155 arg1 inhibitions 1168:1178 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions 1144:1178 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 1144:1219 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 3 65 theme root 775:778 arg1 bark 780:783 the root bark 771:783 the root bark of Morus alba 771:797 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 66 from % 1564:1564 arg1 sensitivity 1609:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 1 67 theme cartilage 204:212 arg1 degradation 214:224 a progressive articular cartilage degradation 180:224 a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility 180:358 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 7 68 theme Ex 1396:1397 arg1 activity 1440:1447 their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity 1390:1447 their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity 1390:1447 The merit of combining two bioflavonoid standardized extracts from A. catechu and M. alba was demonstrated in their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity. 28362543 2 69 theme irreversible 575:586 arg1 damage 599:604 irreversible structural damage 575:604 irreversible structural damage 575:604 Current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage. 28362543 9 70 theme associated 1871:1880 arg1 symptoms 1882:1889 its associated symptoms 1867:1889 its associated symptoms 1867:1889 Therefore, UP1306 could potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms. 28362543 5 71 theme reference 1073:1081 arg1 Diclofenac 1036:1045 Diclofenac 1036:1045 Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg 1036:1057 Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. 28362543 5 71 theme reference 1073:1081 arg1 compound 1083:1090 a reference compound 1071:1090 a reference compound 1071:1090 Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. 28362543 8 72 theme articular 1664:1672 arg1 integrity 1691:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 3 73 theme alba 794:797 arg1 composition 658:668 a composition 656:668 a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu 656:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 3 73 theme alba 794:797 arg1 bark 780:783 the root bark 771:783 the root bark of Morus alba 771:797 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 3 73 theme alba 794:797 arg1 UP1306 648:653 UP1306 648:653 UP1306 648:653 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 1 74 from impairment 265:274 arg1 consort 279:285 consort 279:285 consort 279:285 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 5 75 used used 1063:1066 arg2 compound 1083:1090 a reference compound 1071:1090 a reference compound 1071:1090 Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. 28362543 5 75 used used 1063:1066 arg2 10 mg/kg 1050:1057 10 mg/kg 1050:1057 10 mg/kg 1050:1057 Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. 28362543 5 75 used used 1063:1066 arg2 Diclofenac 1036:1045 Diclofenac 1036:1045 Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg 1036:1057 Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. 28362543 8 76 theme matrix 1684:1689 arg1 integrity 1691:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 77 theme OA 1469:1470 arg1 model 1472:1476 vivo OA model 1464:1476 vivo OA model 1464:1476 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 6 78 theme degradations 1196:1207 arg1 inhibitions 1168:1178 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions 1144:1178 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 1144:1219 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 3 79 theme joint 815:819 arg1 integrity 832:840 joint structural integrity 815:840 joint structural integrity 815:840 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 80 theme minimal 1706:1712 arg1 damage 1731:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 1 81 theme degenerative 136:147 arg1 Osteoarthritis 111:124 Osteoarthritis 111:124 Osteoarthritis (OA) 111:129 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 1 81 theme degenerative 136:147 arg1 disease 155:161 a degenerative joint disease 134:161 a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility 134:358 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 3 82 theme associated 861:870 arg1 symptoms 872:879 OA associated symptoms 858:879 OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 858:940 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 4 83 theme pain 953:956 arg1 sensitivity 958:968 pain sensitivity 953:968 pain sensitivity 953:968 Data from pain sensitivity, histopathology, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level were analyzed. 28362543 0 84 theme Disease 96:102 arg1 Model 104:108 Osteoarthritis Disease Model 81:108 Osteoarthritis Disease Model 81:108 A Botanical Composition Mitigates Cartilage Degradations and Pain Sensitivity in Osteoarthritis Disease Model. 28362543 1 85 theme mobility 351:358 arg1 inflammation 314:325 inflammation 314:325 inflammation 314:325 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 1 85 theme mobility 351:358 arg1 stiffness 328:336 stiffness 328:336 stiffness 328:336 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 1 85 theme mobility 351:358 arg1 loss 343:346 loss 343:346 loss of mobility 343:358 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 8 86 theme bone 1726:1729 arg1 damage 1731:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 2 87 theme symptomatic 496:506 arg1 therapy 508:514 symptomatic therapy 496:514 symptomatic therapy focused intervention 496:535 Current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage. 28362543 2 88 theme primary 547:553 arg1 etiology 555:562 the primary etiology 543:562 the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage 543:604 Current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage. 28362543 8 89 from % 1582:1582 arg1 sensitivity 1609:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 3 90 theme disease 928:934 arg1 model 936:940 monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 884:940 monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 884:940 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 7 91 theme bioflavonoid 1307:1318 arg1 extracts 1333:1340 two bioflavonoid standardized extracts 1303:1340 two bioflavonoid standardized extracts 1303:1340 The merit of combining two bioflavonoid standardized extracts from A. catechu and M. alba was demonstrated in their Ex vivo synergistic proteoglycan protection activity. 28362543 0 92 theme Botanical 2:10 arg1 Composition 12:22 A Botanical Composition 0:22 A Botanical Composition 0:22 A Botanical Composition Mitigates Cartilage Degradations and Pain Sensitivity in Osteoarthritis Disease Model. 28362543 3 93 theme rat 921:923 arg1 model 936:940 monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 884:940 monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model 884:940 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 3 94 theme composition 658:668 arg1 effect 638:643 the effect 634:643 the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba 634:797 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 2 95 theme therapies 424:432 arg1 lack 408:411 the lack 404:411 the lack of nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage 404:604 Current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of nominal therapies proven to be effective in hampering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused intervention masks the primary etiology leading to irreversible structural damage. 28362543 8 96 theme % 1550:1550 arg1 reductions 1532:1541 reductions 1532:1541 reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity 1532:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 96 theme % 1550:1550 arg1 improvements 1648:1659 statistically significant improvements 1622:1659 statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity 1622:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 96 theme % 1550:1550 arg1 damage 1731:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 6 97 dep Ex 1093:1094 arg1 vivo 1096:1099 vivo 1096:1099 vivo 1096:1099 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 0 98 theme Pain 61:64 arg1 Sensitivity 66:76 Pain Sensitivity 61:76 Pain Sensitivity 61:76 A Botanical Composition Mitigates Cartilage Degradations and Pain Sensitivity in Osteoarthritis Disease Model. 28362543 4 99 from level 1015:1019 arg1 Data 943:946 Data 943:946 Data from pain sensitivity, histopathology, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level 943:1019 Data from pain sensitivity, histopathology, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level were analyzed. 28362543 6 100 theme % 1148:1148 arg1 inhibitions 1168:1178 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions 1144:1178 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 1144:1219 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 8 101 from sensitivity 1609:1619 arg1 reductions 1532:1541 reductions 1532:1541 reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity 1532:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 101 from sensitivity 1609:1619 arg1 improvements 1648:1659 statistically significant improvements 1622:1659 statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity 1622:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 101 from sensitivity 1609:1619 arg1 damage 1731:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 1 102 theme loss 343:346 arg1 symptoms 302:309 symptoms 302:309 symptoms 302:309 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 1 102 theme loss 343:346 arg1 signs 292:296 signs 292:296 signs 292:296 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 1 103 theme functional 254:263 arg1 impairment 265:274 significant functional impairment 242:274 significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility 242:358 Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive articular cartilage degradation manifested with significant functional impairment in consort with signs and symptoms of inflammation, stiffness, and loss of mobility. 28362543 6 104 theme protection 1114:1123 arg1 model 1125:1129 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model 1093:1129 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model 1093:1129 Ex vivo proteoglycan protection model demonstrated 31.5%, 50.0%, and 54.8% inhibitions of proteoglycan degradations from UP1306 at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. 28362543 8 105 theme % 1564:1564 arg1 reductions 1532:1541 reductions 1532:1541 reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity 1532:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 105 theme % 1564:1564 arg1 improvements 1648:1659 statistically significant improvements 1622:1659 statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity 1622:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 105 theme % 1564:1564 arg1 damage 1731:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 minimal subchondral bone damage 1706:1736 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 3 106 theme extracts 721:728 arg1 blend 695:699 a proprietary blend 681:699 a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu 681:765 In this study, we describe the effect of UP1306, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat OA disease model. 28362543 8 107 from improvements 1648:1659 arg1 sensitivity 1609:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 pain sensitivity 1604:1619 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 28362543 8 107 from improvements 1648:1659 arg1 integrity 1691:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 articular cartilage matrix integrity 1664:1699 In the MIA in vivo OA model, administered orally at 500 mg/kg, UP1306 resulted in reductions of 17.5%, 29.0%, 34.4%, 33.5%, and 40.9% through week 1-5 in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, and minimal subchondral bone damage. 25164976 2 0 theme genetic 441:447 arg1 networks 449:456 the genetic networks 437:456 the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar 437:503 In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. 25164976 7 1 theme enrichment 1037:1046 arg1 algorithm 1057:1065 the enrichment analysis algorithm 1033:1065 the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform 1033:1107 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 1 2 theme adipocyte 162:170 arg1 size 172:175 adipocyte size 162:175 adipocyte size 162:175 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 6 3 theme Hierarchical 900:911 arg1 clustering 913:922 Hierarchical clustering 900:922 Hierarchical clustering 900:922 Hierarchical clustering revealed HSD-induced changes in the expression patterns of the tested gene set. 25164976 7 4 dep proliferation 1241:1253 arg1 < 1264:1264 < 1264:1264 < 1264:1264 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 7 4 dep proliferation 1241:1253 arg1 -7 1269:1270 -7 1269:1270 -7 1269:1270 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 8 5 theme post-weaning 1298:1309 arg1 feeding 1290:1296 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning 1275:1309 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning 1275:1309 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 2 6 theme rWAT 474:477 arg1 response 479:486 the rWAT response 470:486 the rWAT response to dietary sugar 470:503 In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. 25164976 8 7 theme Wnt 1476:1478 arg1 signals 1467:1473 anti-adipogenic signals 1451:1473 anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) 1451:1487 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 8 7 theme Wnt 1476:1478 arg1 pathway 1480:1486 Wnt pathway 1476:1486 Wnt pathway 1476:1486 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 6 8 from changes 945:951 arg1 patterns 971:978 the expression patterns 956:978 the expression patterns of the tested gene set 956:1001 Hierarchical clustering revealed HSD-induced changes in the expression patterns of the tested gene set. 25164976 1 9 theme 8-week 256:261 arg1 HSD 280:282 HSD 280:282 HSD 280:282 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 1 9 theme 8-week 256:261 arg1 diet 274:277 an 8-week high-sugar diet 253:277 an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD) 253:283 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 3 10 dep histopathology 654:667 arg1 analyses 698:705 array (adipogenesis) analyses 677:705 array (adipogenesis) analyses 677:705 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 4 11 theme adipocyte 724:732 arg1 hypertrophy 734:744 adipocyte hypertrophy 724:744 adipocyte hypertrophy 724:744 The HSD induced adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in rWAT after 12 weeks of ingestion. 25164976 2 12 theme adipogenic 368:377 arg1 genes 379:383 adipogenic genes 368:383 adipogenic genes 368:383 In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. 25164976 8 13 theme CONCLUSION 1275:1284 arg1 feeding 1290:1296 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning 1275:1309 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning 1275:1309 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 6 14 theme tested 987:992 arg1 set 999:1001 the tested gene set 983:1001 the tested gene set 983:1001 Hierarchical clustering revealed HSD-induced changes in the expression patterns of the tested gene set. 25164976 2 15 theme transcriptional 340:354 arg1 activity 356:363 the transcriptional activity 336:363 the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study 336:406 In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. 25164976 2 16 from effect 317:322 arg1 activity 356:363 the transcriptional activity 336:363 the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study 336:406 In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. 25164976 0 17 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 mechanism 10:18 Molecular mechanism 0:18 Molecular mechanism 0:18 Molecular mechanism driving retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to a high-sugar diet. 25164976 6 18 theme gene 994:997 arg1 set 999:1001 the tested gene set 983:1001 the tested gene set 983:1001 Hierarchical clustering revealed HSD-induced changes in the expression patterns of the tested gene set. 25164976 7 19 theme MetaCore 1091:1098 arg1 platform 1100:1107 the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform 1070:1107 the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform 1070:1107 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 6 20 theme set 999:1001 arg1 patterns 971:978 the expression patterns 956:978 the expression patterns of the tested gene set 956:1001 Hierarchical clustering revealed HSD-induced changes in the expression patterns of the tested gene set. 25164976 7 21 theme expressed 1149:1157 arg1 genes 1159:1163 differentially expressed genes 1134:1163 differentially expressed genes 1134:1163 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 1 22 theme lipid 181:185 arg1 content 187:193 lipid content 181:193 lipid content 181:193 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 2 23 theme time-course 390:400 arg1 study 402:406 a time-course study 388:406 a time-course study 388:406 In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. 25164976 1 24 theme high-sugar 263:272 arg1 HSD 280:282 HSD 280:282 HSD 280:282 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 1 24 theme high-sugar 263:272 arg1 diet 274:277 an 8-week high-sugar diet 253:277 an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD) 253:283 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 7 25 theme Pathway 1004:1010 arg1 analysis 1012:1019 Pathway analysis 1004:1019 Pathway analysis 1004:1019 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 3 26 theme Weaned 526:531 arg1 rats 545:548 Weaned male Wistar rats 526:548 Weaned male Wistar rats 526:548 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 2 27 theme HSD 329:331 arg1 effect 317:322 the effect 313:322 the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study 313:406 In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. 25164976 0 28 theme retroperitoneal 28:42 arg1 hypertrophy 54:64 retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy 28:64 retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy 28:64 Molecular mechanism driving retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to a high-sugar diet. 25164976 1 29 from increase 150:157 arg1 rWAT 236:239 rWAT 236:239 rWAT 236:239 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 1 29 from increase 150:157 arg1 tissue 228:233 retroperitoneal white adipose tissue 198:233 retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD) 198:283 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 1 29 from increase 150:157 arg1 content 187:193 lipid content 181:193 lipid content 181:193 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 1 29 from increase 150:157 arg1 size 172:175 adipocyte size 162:175 adipocyte size 162:175 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 5 30 theme serum 829:833 arg1 VLDL-cholesterol 835:850 serum VLDL-cholesterol 829:850 serum VLDL-cholesterol 829:850 Additionally, the HSD altered serum VLDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucometabolic parameters. 25164976 2 31 theme genes 379:383 arg1 activity 356:363 the transcriptional activity 336:363 the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study 336:406 In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. 25164976 7 32 theme Reuters 1083:1089 arg1 platform 1100:1107 the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform 1070:1107 the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform 1070:1107 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 8 33 theme pro-adipogenic 1388:1401 arg1 signals 1403:1409 pro-adipogenic signals 1388:1409 pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) 1388:1429 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 8 33 theme pro-adipogenic 1388:1401 arg1 pathway 1422:1428 the PPARγ pathway 1412:1428 the PPARγ pathway 1412:1428 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 7 34 theme canonical 1170:1178 arg1 pathways 1180:1187 canonical pathways 1170:1187 canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)) 1170:1272 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 1 35 theme retroperitoneal 198:212 arg1 rWAT 236:239 rWAT 236:239 rWAT 236:239 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 1 35 theme retroperitoneal 198:212 arg1 tissue 228:233 retroperitoneal white adipose tissue 198:233 retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD) 198:283 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 8 36 theme adipocyte 1330:1338 arg1 size 1340:1343 the adipocyte size 1326:1343 the adipocyte size 1326:1343 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 2 37 theme dietary 491:497 arg1 sugar 499:503 dietary sugar 491:503 dietary sugar 491:503 In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. 25164976 6 38 theme expression 960:969 arg1 patterns 971:978 the expression patterns 956:978 the expression patterns of the tested gene set 956:1001 Hierarchical clustering revealed HSD-induced changes in the expression patterns of the tested gene set. 25164976 1 39 theme white 214:218 arg1 rWAT 236:239 rWAT 236:239 rWAT 236:239 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 1 39 theme white 214:218 arg1 tissue 228:233 retroperitoneal white adipose tissue 198:233 retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD) 198:283 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 0 40 theme adipocyte 44:52 arg1 hypertrophy 54:64 retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy 28:64 retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy 28:64 Molecular mechanism driving retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to a high-sugar diet. 25164976 6 41 theme HSD-induced 933:943 arg1 changes 945:951 HSD-induced changes 933:951 HSD-induced changes in the expression patterns of the tested gene set 933:1001 Hierarchical clustering revealed HSD-induced changes in the expression patterns of the tested gene set. 25164976 1 42 theme adipose 220:226 arg1 rWAT 236:239 rWAT 236:239 rWAT 236:239 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 1 42 theme adipose 220:226 arg1 tissue 228:233 retroperitoneal white adipose tissue 198:233 retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD) 198:283 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 7 43 theme analysis 1048:1055 arg1 algorithm 1057:1065 the enrichment analysis algorithm 1033:1065 the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform 1033:1107 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 3 44 theme male 533:536 arg1 rats 545:548 Weaned male Wistar rats 526:548 Weaned male Wistar rats 526:548 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 8 45 theme HSD 1286:1288 arg1 feeding 1290:1296 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning 1275:1309 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning 1275:1309 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 7 46 theme adipocyte 1211:1219 arg1 differentiation 1221:1235 adipocyte differentiation 1211:1235 adipocyte differentiation 1211:1235 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 8 47 theme anti-adipogenic 1451:1465 arg1 signals 1467:1473 anti-adipogenic signals 1451:1473 anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) 1451:1487 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 8 47 theme anti-adipogenic 1451:1465 arg1 pathway 1480:1486 Wnt pathway 1476:1486 Wnt pathway 1476:1486 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 8 48 theme PPARγ 1416:1420 arg1 signals 1403:1409 pro-adipogenic signals 1388:1409 pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) 1388:1429 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 8 48 theme PPARγ 1416:1420 arg1 pathway 1422:1428 the PPARγ pathway 1412:1428 the PPARγ pathway 1412:1428 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 3 49 theme Wistar 538:543 arg1 rats 545:548 Weaned male Wistar rats 526:548 Weaned male Wistar rats 526:548 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 7 50 theme Thompson 1074:1081 arg1 platform 1100:1107 the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform 1070:1107 the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform 1070:1107 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 4 51 theme ingestion 788:796 arg1 weeks 779:783 12 weeks 776:783 12 weeks of ingestion 776:796 The HSD induced adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in rWAT after 12 weeks of ingestion. 25164976 8 52 theme young 1492:1496 arg1 adults 1498:1503 young adults 1492:1503 young adults 1492:1503 CONCLUSION HSD feeding post-weaning increased both the adipocyte size and number by simultaneously up-regulating pro-adipogenic signals (the PPARγ pathway) and down-regulating anti-adipogenic signals (Wnt pathway) in young adults. 25164976 3 53 theme standard 561:568 arg1 diet 575:578 a standard chow diet 559:578 a standard chow diet 559:578 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 3 54 theme adipogenesis 684:695 arg1 analyses 698:705 array (adipogenesis) analyses 677:705 array (adipogenesis) analyses 677:705 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 5 55 theme glucometabolic 873:886 arg1 parameters 888:897 glucometabolic parameters 873:897 glucometabolic parameters 873:897 Additionally, the HSD altered serum VLDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucometabolic parameters. 25164976 3 56 theme chow 570:573 arg1 diet 575:578 a standard chow diet 559:578 a standard chow diet 559:578 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 7 57 theme related 1189:1195 arg1 pathways 1180:1187 canonical pathways 1170:1187 canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)) 1170:1272 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 7 58 used used 1028:1031 arg2 analysis 1012:1019 Pathway analysis 1004:1019 Pathway analysis 1004:1019 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 3 59 theme % 590:590 arg1 HSD 583:585 HSD 583:585 HSD (68% carbohydrates) 583:605 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 3 59 theme % 590:590 arg1 carbohydrates 592:604 68% carbohydrates 588:604 68% carbohydrates 588:604 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 2 60 from activity 356:363 arg1 study 402:406 a time-course study 388:406 a time-course study 388:406 In this study, we assessed the effect of a HSD on the transcriptional activity of adipogenic genes in a time-course study to provide insight regarding the genetic networks involved in the rWAT response to dietary sugar. 25164976 3 61 dep METHODS 506:512 arg1 removed 642:648 removed 642:648 was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses 638:705 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 3 61 dep METHODS 506:512 arg1 fed 555:557 fed 555:557 were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks 550:626 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 3 62 theme array 677:681 arg1 analyses 698:705 array (adipogenesis) analyses 677:705 array (adipogenesis) analyses 677:705 METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, and rWAT was removed for histopathology and PCR array (adipogenesis) analyses. 25164976 7 63 theme genes 1159:1163 arg1 cluster 1123:1129 a cluster 1121:1129 a cluster of differentially expressed genes 1121:1163 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 1 64 dep SCOPE 116:120 arg1 shown 141:145 shown 141:145 have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD) 125:283 SCOPE We have previously shown an increase in adipocyte size and lipid content in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) induced by an 8-week high-sugar diet (HSD). 25164976 7 65 theme platform 1100:1107 arg1 algorithm 1057:1065 the enrichment analysis algorithm 1033:1065 the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform 1033:1107 Pathway analysis, which used the enrichment analysis algorithm of the Thompson Reuters MetaCore platform, associated a cluster of differentially expressed genes with canonical pathways related to regulating adipocyte differentiation and proliferation (p-value < 10(-7)). 25164976 0 66 theme high-sugar 99:108 arg1 diet 110:113 a high-sugar diet 97:113 a high-sugar diet 97:113 Molecular mechanism driving retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to a high-sugar diet. 26305456 2 0 theme flea 364:367 arg1 milieu 376:381 the flea midgut milieu 360:381 the flea midgut milieu 360:381 However, the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators which facilitate Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu are not well understood. 26305456 9 1 theme alternate 1440:1448 arg1 source 1457:1462 the alternate carbon source 1436:1462 the alternate carbon source expression profile 1436:1481 Therefore, our findings indicate CRP does not confer a direct stimulatory effect, but may indirectly promote Y. pestis biofilm production by facilitating the alternate carbon source expression profile. 26305456 12 2 theme carbon 1760:1765 arg1 source 1767:1772 available carbon source 1750:1772 available carbon source 1750:1772 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 12 2 theme carbon 1760:1765 arg1 media 1728:1732 media composition and available carbon source 1728:1772 media composition and available carbon source 1728:1772 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 4 3 theme catabolite 605:614 arg1 regulation 616:625 carbon catabolite regulation 598:625 carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; 598:686 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 3 4 theme biofilm 505:511 arg1 production 513:522 Y. pestis biofilm production 495:522 Y. pestis biofilm production 495:522 We seek to establish the impact of available carbon source metabolism and storage upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 9 5 theme source 1457:1462 arg1 profile 1475:1481 the alternate carbon source expression profile 1436:1481 the alternate carbon source expression profile 1436:1481 Therefore, our findings indicate CRP does not confer a direct stimulatory effect, but may indirectly promote Y. pestis biofilm production by facilitating the alternate carbon source expression profile. 26305456 8 6 theme regulation 1262:1271 arg1 factors 1273:1279 regulation factors 1262:1279 regulation factors 1262:1279 Furthermore, CRP did not alter mRNA abundance of previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis and regulation factors. 26305456 11 7 theme biofilm 1662:1668 arg1 formation 1670:1678 Y. pestis biofilm formation 1652:1678 Y. pestis biofilm formation 1652:1678 Contrary to what has been described for E. coli, Y. pestis biofilm formation was found to be enhanced by CsrA. 26305456 2 8 theme adaptive 275:282 arg1 regulators 284:293 the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators 244:293 the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators which facilitate Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu 244:381 However, the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators which facilitate Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu are not well understood. 26305456 1 9 theme pestis 175:180 arg1 reliant 185:191 reliant 185:191 reliant 185:191 The natural transmission of Yersinia pestis is reliant upon biofilm blockage of the flea vector. 26305456 1 9 theme pestis 175:180 arg1 transmission 150:161 The natural transmission 138:161 The natural transmission of Yersinia pestis 138:180 The natural transmission of Yersinia pestis is reliant upon biofilm blockage of the flea vector. 26305456 8 10 theme mRNA 1193:1196 arg1 abundance 1198:1206 mRNA abundance 1193:1206 mRNA abundance of previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis and regulation factors 1193:1279 Furthermore, CRP did not alter mRNA abundance of previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis and regulation factors. 26305456 2 11 theme biofilm 322:328 arg1 production 330:339 Y. pestis biofilm production 312:339 Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu 312:381 However, the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators which facilitate Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu are not well understood. 26305456 6 12 theme biofilm 969:975 arg1 production 977:986 biofilm production 969:986 biofilm production 969:986 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 2 13 theme Y. 312:313 arg1 production 330:339 Y. pestis biofilm production 312:339 Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu 312:381 However, the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators which facilitate Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu are not well understood. 26305456 1 14 theme biofilm 198:204 arg1 blockage 206:213 biofilm blockage 198:213 biofilm blockage of the flea vector 198:232 The natural transmission of Yersinia pestis is reliant upon biofilm blockage of the flea vector. 26305456 8 15 theme hms 1236:1238 arg1 synthesis 1248:1256 previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis 1211:1256 previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis 1211:1256 Furthermore, CRP did not alter mRNA abundance of previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis and regulation factors. 26305456 7 16 theme small-molecule 1071:1084 arg1 cAMP 1063:1066 cAMP 1063:1066 cAMP 1063:1066 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, did not significantly alter Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 7 16 theme small-molecule 1071:1084 arg1 activator 1086:1094 a small-molecule activator 1069:1094 a small-molecule activator of CRP 1069:1101 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, did not significantly alter Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 15 17 theme potent 2139:2144 arg1 production 2164:2173 potent Y. pestis biofilm production 2139:2173 potent Y. pestis biofilm production 2139:2173 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 8 18 theme synthesis 1248:1256 arg1 abundance 1198:1206 mRNA abundance 1193:1206 mRNA abundance of previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis and regulation factors 1193:1279 Furthermore, CRP did not alter mRNA abundance of previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis and regulation factors. 26305456 4 19 theme alternate 720:728 arg1 sources 737:743 alternate carbon sources 720:743 alternate carbon sources 720:743 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 6 20 theme KIM6+ 922:926 arg1 strains 938:944 KIM6+ Y. pestis strains 922:944 KIM6+ Y. pestis strains 922:944 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 4 21 theme sources 737:743 arg1 metabolism 706:715 the sole metabolism 697:715 the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources 697:743 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 13 22 theme regulation 1924:1933 arg1 independent 1900:1910 independent 1900:1910 independent 1900:1910 CsrA was found to promote Y. pestis biofilm production independent of glycogen regulation. 26305456 15 23 dep Y. 2146:2147 arg1 pestis 2149:2154 Y. pestis 2146:2154 potent Y. pestis biofilm production 2139:2173 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 12 24 dep media 1728:1732 arg1 source 1767:1772 available carbon source 1750:1772 available carbon source 1750:1772 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 12 24 dep media 1728:1732 arg1 media 1728:1732 media composition and available carbon source 1728:1772 media composition and available carbon source 1728:1772 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 12 24 dep media 1728:1732 arg1 composition 1734:1744 composition 1734:1744 composition 1734:1744 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 0 25 theme Formation 69:77 arg1 Regulation 31:40 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation 0:40 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation 0:77 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 4 26 dep Y. 555:556 arg1 pestis 558:563 Y. pestis 555:563 Y. pestis biofilm production 555:582 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 1 27 theme natural 142:148 arg1 reliant 185:191 reliant 185:191 reliant 185:191 The natural transmission of Yersinia pestis is reliant upon biofilm blockage of the flea vector. 26305456 1 27 theme natural 142:148 arg1 transmission 150:161 The natural transmission 138:161 The natural transmission of Yersinia pestis 138:180 The natural transmission of Yersinia pestis is reliant upon biofilm blockage of the flea vector. 26305456 6 28 theme carbon 1020:1025 arg1 sources 1027:1033 alternate carbon sources 1010:1033 alternate carbon sources 1010:1033 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 15 29 theme csrA-deficient 2055:2068 arg1 mutant 2070:2075 the csrA-deficient mutant 2051:2075 the csrA-deficient mutant 2051:2075 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 0 30 theme Storage 105:111 arg1 CsrA 132:135 CsrA 132:135 CsrA 132:135 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 0 30 theme Storage 105:111 arg1 Protein 123:129 the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein 94:129 the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein 94:129 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 9 31 theme direct 1337:1342 arg1 effect 1356:1361 a direct stimulatory effect 1335:1361 a direct stimulatory effect 1335:1361 Therefore, our findings indicate CRP does not confer a direct stimulatory effect, but may indirectly promote Y. pestis biofilm production by facilitating the alternate carbon source expression profile. 26305456 14 32 theme hmsT 2001:2004 arg1 abundance 2011:2019 relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance 1977:2019 relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance 1977:2019 Loss of csrA did not significantly alter relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance. 26305456 4 33 theme robust 754:759 arg1 formation 769:777 robust biofilm formation 754:777 robust biofilm formation 754:777 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 0 34 theme CRP-Mediated 0:11 arg1 Regulation 31:40 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation 0:40 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation 0:77 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 10 35 theme carbon 1528:1533 arg1 CsrA 1562:1565 CsrA 1562:1565 CsrA 1562:1565 Additionally, we assessed the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 10 35 theme carbon 1528:1533 arg1 protein 1553:1559 the carbon storage regulator protein 1524:1559 the carbon storage regulator protein 1524:1559 Additionally, we assessed the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 0 36 theme Catabolite 20:29 arg1 Regulation 31:40 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation 0:40 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation 0:77 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 12 37 dep Y. 1815:1816 arg1 pestis 1818:1823 Y. pestis 1815:1823 Y. pestis biofilm production 1815:1842 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 3 38 theme carbon 453:458 arg1 source 460:465 available carbon source metabolism and storage 443:488 available carbon source metabolism and storage 443:488 We seek to establish the impact of available carbon source metabolism and storage upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 6 39 theme stark 868:872 arg1 defect 881:886 a stark growth defect 866:886 a stark growth defect 866:886 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 14 40 theme relative 1977:1984 arg1 abundance 2011:2019 relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance 1977:2019 relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance 1977:2019 Loss of csrA did not significantly alter relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance. 26305456 13 41 dep Y. 1871:1872 arg1 pestis 1874:1879 Y. pestis 1871:1879 Y. pestis biofilm production independent of glycogen regulation 1871:1933 CsrA was found to promote Y. pestis biofilm production independent of glycogen regulation. 26305456 3 42 theme Y. 495:496 arg1 production 513:522 Y. pestis biofilm production 495:522 Y. pestis biofilm production 495:522 We seek to establish the impact of available carbon source metabolism and storage upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 5 43 theme cAMP 819:822 arg1 protein 833:839 the cAMP receptor protein 815:839 the cAMP receptor protein 815:839 This observation is facilitated by the cAMP receptor protein, CRP. 26305456 5 43 theme cAMP 819:822 arg1 CRP 842:844 CRP 842:844 CRP 842:844 This observation is facilitated by the cAMP receptor protein, CRP. 26305456 9 44 theme Y. 1391:1392 arg1 production 1409:1418 Y. pestis biofilm production 1391:1418 Y. pestis biofilm production 1391:1418 Therefore, our findings indicate CRP does not confer a direct stimulatory effect, but may indirectly promote Y. pestis biofilm production by facilitating the alternate carbon source expression profile. 26305456 10 45 theme regulator 1543:1551 arg1 CsrA 1562:1565 CsrA 1562:1565 CsrA 1562:1565 Additionally, we assessed the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 10 45 theme regulator 1543:1551 arg1 protein 1553:1559 the carbon storage regulator protein 1524:1559 the carbon storage regulator protein 1524:1559 Additionally, we assessed the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 9 46 theme biofilm 1401:1407 arg1 production 1409:1418 Y. pestis biofilm production 1391:1418 Y. pestis biofilm production 1391:1418 Therefore, our findings indicate CRP does not confer a direct stimulatory effect, but may indirectly promote Y. pestis biofilm production by facilitating the alternate carbon source expression profile. 26305456 3 47 dep source 460:465 arg1 storage 482:488 storage 482:488 storage 482:488 We seek to establish the impact of available carbon source metabolism and storage upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 3 47 dep source 460:465 arg1 metabolism 467:476 metabolism 467:476 metabolism 467:476 We seek to establish the impact of available carbon source metabolism and storage upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 12 48 theme csrA 1787:1790 arg1 deletion 1775:1782 deletion 1775:1782 deletion of csrA 1775:1790 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 15 49 from deletion 2031:2038 arg1 mutant 2070:2075 the csrA-deficient mutant 2051:2075 the csrA-deficient mutant 2051:2075 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 10 50 theme Y. 1573:1574 arg1 production 1591:1600 Y. pestis biofilm production 1573:1600 Y. pestis biofilm production 1573:1600 Additionally, we assessed the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 15 51 theme cyclic 2183:2188 arg1 regulation 2202:2211 cyclic diguanylate regulation 2183:2211 cyclic diguanylate regulation 2183:2211 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 1 52 theme vector 227:232 arg1 blockage 206:213 biofilm blockage 198:213 biofilm blockage of the flea vector 198:232 The natural transmission of Yersinia pestis is reliant upon biofilm blockage of the flea vector. 26305456 0 53 theme Biofilm 61:67 arg1 Formation 69:77 Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation 45:77 Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation 45:77 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 11 54 theme pestis 1655:1660 arg1 formation 1670:1678 Y. pestis biofilm formation 1652:1678 Y. pestis biofilm formation 1652:1678 Contrary to what has been described for E. coli, Y. pestis biofilm formation was found to be enhanced by CsrA. 26305456 7 55 theme Y. 1132:1133 arg1 production 1150:1159 Y. pestis biofilm production 1132:1159 Y. pestis biofilm production 1132:1159 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, did not significantly alter Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 2 56 theme midgut 369:374 arg1 milieu 376:381 the flea midgut milieu 360:381 the flea midgut milieu 360:381 However, the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators which facilitate Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu are not well understood. 26305456 6 57 from deletion 889:896 arg1 strains 938:944 KIM6+ Y. pestis strains 922:944 KIM6+ Y. pestis strains 922:944 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 6 57 from deletion 889:896 arg1 CO92 913:916 CO92 913:916 CO92 913:916 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 9 58 theme carbon 1450:1455 arg1 source 1457:1462 the alternate carbon source 1436:1462 the alternate carbon source expression profile 1436:1481 Therefore, our findings indicate CRP does not confer a direct stimulatory effect, but may indirectly promote Y. pestis biofilm production by facilitating the alternate carbon source expression profile. 26305456 6 59 theme crp 901:903 arg1 deletion 889:896 deletion 889:896 deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains 889:944 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 4 60 theme carbon 598:603 arg1 regulation 616:625 carbon catabolite regulation 598:625 carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; 598:686 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 10 61 theme biofilm 1583:1589 arg1 production 1591:1600 Y. pestis biofilm production 1573:1600 Y. pestis biofilm production 1573:1600 Additionally, we assessed the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 9 62 theme expression 1464:1473 arg1 profile 1475:1481 the alternate carbon source expression profile 1436:1481 the alternate carbon source expression profile 1436:1481 Therefore, our findings indicate CRP does not confer a direct stimulatory effect, but may indirectly promote Y. pestis biofilm production by facilitating the alternate carbon source expression profile. 26305456 0 63 theme pestis 54:59 arg1 Formation 69:77 Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation 45:77 Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation 45:77 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 4 64 theme biofilm 668:674 arg1 production 676:685 biofilm production 668:685 biofilm production 668:685 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 7 65 theme CRP 1099:1101 arg1 cAMP 1063:1066 cAMP 1063:1066 cAMP 1063:1066 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, did not significantly alter Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 7 65 theme CRP 1099:1101 arg1 activator 1086:1094 a small-molecule activator 1069:1094 a small-molecule activator of CRP 1069:1101 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, did not significantly alter Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 15 66 theme biofilm 2156:2162 arg1 production 2164:2173 potent Y. pestis biofilm production 2139:2173 potent Y. pestis biofilm production 2139:2173 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 12 67 theme available 1750:1758 arg1 source 1767:1772 available carbon source 1750:1772 available carbon source 1750:1772 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 12 67 theme available 1750:1758 arg1 media 1728:1732 media composition and available carbon source 1728:1772 media composition and available carbon source 1728:1772 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 8 68 theme factors 1273:1279 arg1 abundance 1198:1206 mRNA abundance 1193:1206 mRNA abundance of previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis and regulation factors 1193:1279 Furthermore, CRP did not alter mRNA abundance of previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis and regulation factors. 26305456 7 69 dep Y. 1132:1133 arg1 pestis 1135:1140 Y. pestis 1132:1140 Y. pestis biofilm production 1132:1159 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, did not significantly alter Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 15 70 theme Y. 2146:2147 arg1 production 2164:2173 potent Y. pestis biofilm production 2139:2173 potent Y. pestis biofilm production 2139:2173 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 6 71 dep Y. 928:929 arg1 pestis 931:936 Y. pestis 928:936 KIM6+ Y. pestis strains 922:944 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 8 72 theme previously-characterized 1211:1234 arg1 synthesis 1248:1256 previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis 1211:1256 previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis 1211:1256 Furthermore, CRP did not alter mRNA abundance of previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis and regulation factors. 26305456 4 73 theme glucose 652:658 arg1 presence 640:647 the presence 636:647 the presence of glucose 636:658 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 7 74 theme Media 1036:1040 arg1 supplementation 1042:1056 Media supplementation 1036:1056 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, 1036:1102 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, did not significantly alter Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 8 75 theme biofilm 1240:1246 arg1 synthesis 1248:1256 previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis 1211:1256 previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis 1211:1256 Furthermore, CRP did not alter mRNA abundance of previously-characterized hms biofilm synthesis and regulation factors. 26305456 6 76 theme Y. 928:929 arg1 strains 938:944 KIM6+ Y. pestis strains 922:944 KIM6+ Y. pestis strains 922:944 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 2 77 dep Y. 312:313 arg1 pestis 315:320 Y. pestis 312:320 Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu 312:381 However, the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators which facilitate Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu are not well understood. 26305456 13 78 theme glycogen 1915:1922 arg1 regulation 1924:1933 glycogen regulation 1915:1933 glycogen regulation 1915:1933 CsrA was found to promote Y. pestis biofilm production independent of glycogen regulation. 26305456 10 79 dep Y. 1573:1574 arg1 pestis 1576:1581 Y. pestis 1573:1581 Y. pestis biofilm production 1573:1600 Additionally, we assessed the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 2 80 theme environmentally-responsive 248:273 arg1 regulators 284:293 the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators 244:293 the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators which facilitate Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu 244:381 However, the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators which facilitate Y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu are not well understood. 26305456 4 81 theme carbon 730:735 arg1 sources 737:743 alternate carbon sources 720:743 alternate carbon sources 720:743 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 13 82 theme biofilm 1881:1887 arg1 production 1889:1898 Y. pestis biofilm production 1871:1898 Y. pestis biofilm production independent of glycogen regulation 1871:1933 CsrA was found to promote Y. pestis biofilm production independent of glycogen regulation. 26305456 15 83 theme diguanylate 2190:2200 arg1 regulation 2202:2211 cyclic diguanylate regulation 2183:2211 cyclic diguanylate regulation 2183:2211 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 6 84 theme alternate 1010:1018 arg1 sources 1027:1033 alternate carbon sources 1010:1033 alternate carbon sources 1010:1033 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 4 85 theme sole 701:704 arg1 metabolism 706:715 the sole metabolism 697:715 the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources 697:743 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 13 86 theme independent 1900:1910 arg1 production 1889:1898 Y. pestis biofilm production 1871:1898 Y. pestis biofilm production independent of glycogen regulation 1871:1933 CsrA was found to promote Y. pestis biofilm production independent of glycogen regulation. 26305456 0 87 theme Carbon 98:103 arg1 CsrA 132:135 CsrA 132:135 CsrA 132:135 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 0 87 theme Carbon 98:103 arg1 Protein 123:129 the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein 94:129 the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein 94:129 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 15 88 theme biofilm 2095:2101 arg1 production 2103:2112 excessive biofilm production 2085:2112 excessive biofilm production 2085:2112 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 9 89 dep Y. 1391:1392 arg1 pestis 1394:1399 Y. pestis 1391:1399 Y. pestis biofilm production 1391:1418 Therefore, our findings indicate CRP does not confer a direct stimulatory effect, but may indirectly promote Y. pestis biofilm production by facilitating the alternate carbon source expression profile. 26305456 0 90 theme Regulator 113:121 arg1 CsrA 132:135 CsrA 132:135 CsrA 132:135 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 0 90 theme Regulator 113:121 arg1 Protein 123:129 the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein 94:129 the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein 94:129 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 3 91 dep Y. 495:496 arg1 pestis 498:503 Y. pestis 495:503 Y. pestis biofilm production 495:522 We seek to establish the impact of available carbon source metabolism and storage upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 7 92 with supplementation 1042:1056 arg1 cAMP 1063:1066 cAMP 1063:1066 cAMP 1063:1066 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, did not significantly alter Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 7 92 with supplementation 1042:1056 arg1 activator 1086:1094 a small-molecule activator 1069:1094 a small-molecule activator of CRP 1069:1101 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, did not significantly alter Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 13 93 theme Y. 1871:1872 arg1 production 1889:1898 Y. pestis biofilm production 1871:1898 Y. pestis biofilm production independent of glycogen regulation 1871:1933 CsrA was found to promote Y. pestis biofilm production independent of glycogen regulation. 26305456 3 94 theme available 443:451 arg1 source 460:465 available carbon source metabolism and storage 443:488 available carbon source metabolism and storage 443:488 We seek to establish the impact of available carbon source metabolism and storage upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 5 95 theme receptor 824:831 arg1 protein 833:839 the cAMP receptor protein 815:839 the cAMP receptor protein 815:839 This observation is facilitated by the cAMP receptor protein, CRP. 26305456 5 95 theme receptor 824:831 arg1 CRP 842:844 CRP 842:844 CRP 842:844 This observation is facilitated by the cAMP receptor protein, CRP. 26305456 9 96 theme stimulatory 1344:1354 arg1 effect 1356:1361 a direct stimulatory effect 1335:1361 a direct stimulatory effect 1335:1361 Therefore, our findings indicate CRP does not confer a direct stimulatory effect, but may indirectly promote Y. pestis biofilm production by facilitating the alternate carbon source expression profile. 26305456 15 97 dep suggesting 2115:2124 arg1 enables 2131:2137 enables 2131:2137 suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation 2115:2211 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 4 98 theme biofilm 565:571 arg1 production 573:582 Y. pestis biofilm production 555:582 Y. pestis biofilm production 555:582 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 14 99 theme hmsP 1992:1995 arg1 abundance 2011:2019 relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance 1977:2019 relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance 1977:2019 Loss of csrA did not significantly alter relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance. 26305456 14 100 theme mRNA 2006:2009 arg1 abundance 2011:2019 relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance 1977:2019 relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance 1977:2019 Loss of csrA did not significantly alter relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance. 26305456 4 101 theme biofilm 761:767 arg1 formation 769:777 robust biofilm formation 754:777 robust biofilm formation 754:777 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 0 102 theme Yersinia 45:52 arg1 Formation 69:77 Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation 45:77 Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation 45:77 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 26305456 6 103 theme growth 874:879 arg1 defect 881:886 a stark growth defect 866:886 a stark growth defect 866:886 In accordance with a stark growth defect, deletion of crp in both CO92 and KIM6+ Y. pestis strains significantly impaired biofilm production when solely utilizing alternate carbon sources. 26305456 14 104 theme hmsH 1986:1989 arg1 abundance 2011:2019 relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance 1977:2019 relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance 1977:2019 Loss of csrA did not significantly alter relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance. 26305456 3 105 theme source 460:465 arg1 impact 433:438 the impact 429:438 the impact of available carbon source metabolism and storage upon Y. pestis biofilm production 429:522 We seek to establish the impact of available carbon source metabolism and storage upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 7 106 theme biofilm 1142:1148 arg1 production 1150:1159 Y. pestis biofilm production 1132:1159 Y. pestis biofilm production 1132:1159 Media supplementation with cAMP, a small-molecule activator of CRP, did not significantly alter Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 12 107 theme Y. 1815:1816 arg1 production 1833:1842 Y. pestis biofilm production 1815:1842 Y. pestis biofilm production 1815:1842 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 4 108 theme Y. 555:556 arg1 production 573:582 Y. pestis biofilm production 555:582 Y. pestis biofilm production 555:582 Our findings demonstrate that Y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which the presence of glucose impairs biofilm production; whereas, the sole metabolism of alternate carbon sources promotes robust biofilm formation. 26305456 10 109 theme protein 1553:1559 arg1 impact 1514:1519 the impact 1510:1519 the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production 1510:1600 Additionally, we assessed the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 15 110 theme excessive 2085:2093 arg1 production 2103:2112 excessive biofilm production 2085:2112 excessive biofilm production 2085:2112 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 12 111 theme biofilm 1825:1831 arg1 production 1833:1842 Y. pestis biofilm production 1815:1842 Y. pestis biofilm production 1815:1842 Regardless of media composition and available carbon source, deletion of csrA significantly impaired Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 10 112 theme storage 1535:1541 arg1 CsrA 1562:1565 CsrA 1562:1565 CsrA 1562:1565 Additionally, we assessed the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 10 112 theme storage 1535:1541 arg1 protein 1553:1559 the carbon storage regulator protein 1524:1559 the carbon storage regulator protein 1524:1559 Additionally, we assessed the impact of the carbon storage regulator protein, CsrA, upon Y. pestis biofilm production. 26305456 1 113 theme flea 222:225 arg1 vector 227:232 the flea vector 218:232 the flea vector 218:232 The natural transmission of Yersinia pestis is reliant upon biofilm blockage of the flea vector. 26305456 15 114 theme hmsP 2043:2046 arg1 deletion 2031:2038 deletion 2031:2038 deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant 2031:2075 However, deletion of hmsP in the csrA-deficient mutant enabled excessive biofilm production, suggesting CsrA enables potent Y. pestis biofilm production through cyclic diguanylate regulation. 26305456 14 115 theme csrA 1944:1947 arg1 Loss 1936:1939 Loss 1936:1939 Loss of csrA 1936:1947 Loss of csrA did not significantly alter relative hmsH, hmsP, or hmsT mRNA abundance. 26305456 11 116 theme Y. 1652:1653 arg1 formation 1670:1678 Y. pestis biofilm formation 1652:1678 Y. pestis biofilm formation 1652:1678 Contrary to what has been described for E. coli, Y. pestis biofilm formation was found to be enhanced by CsrA. 26305456 0 117 theme Carbon 13:18 arg1 Regulation 31:40 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation 0:40 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation 0:77 CRP-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Yersinia pestis Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced by the Carbon Storage Regulator Protein, CsrA. 27049617 5 0 theme delicious 736:744 arg1 DAA 758:760 DAA 758:760 DAA 758:760 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 5 0 theme delicious 736:744 arg1 acid 752:755 delicious amino acid 736:755 high delicious amino acid (DAA) content 731:769 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 6 1 theme element 871:877 arg1 contents 879:886 low toxic element contents 861:886 low toxic element contents 861:886 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 3 2 from contents 423:430 arg1 rich 402:405 rich 402:405 rich 402:405 After a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions, all tunics have been found rich in carbohydrate contents, while all inner body tissues are richer in proteins. 27049617 8 3 theme body 1305:1308 arg1 tissues 1310:1316 all species' inner body tissues 1286:1316 all species' inner body tissues 1286:1316 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 8 3 theme body 1305:1308 arg1 foods 1327:1331 human foods 1321:1331 human foods 1321:1331 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 8 3 theme body 1305:1308 arg1 tunics 1341:1346 all tunics 1337:1346 all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose 1337:1398 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 9 4 dep industries 1572:1581 arg1 e.g. 1539:1542 e.g. 1539:1542 e.g. 1539:1542 Collagens, sulfated polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, sterols and trace elements could be explored as byproducts for, e.g. pharmaceutical and chemical industries. 27049617 3 5 theme universal 315:323 arg1 separation 325:334 a universal separation 313:334 a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions 313:372 After a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions, all tunics have been found rich in carbohydrate contents, while all inner body tissues are richer in proteins. 27049617 6 6 theme toxic 865:869 arg1 contents 879:886 low toxic element contents 861:886 low toxic element contents 861:886 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 8 7 dep utilizations 1164:1175 arg1 addition 1140:1147 addition 1140:1147 addition 1140:1147 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 6 8 with minerals 848:855 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 916:933 glycosaminoglycans 916:933 glycosaminoglycans 916:933 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 6 8 with minerals 848:855 arg1 sterols 904:910 different sterols 894:910 different sterols 894:910 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 8 9 theme inner 1233:1237 arg1 tissues 1244:1250 some species' inner body tissues 1219:1250 some species' inner body tissues as human food 1219:1264 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 8 10 theme dietary 1403:1409 arg1 fiber 1411:1415 dietary fiber 1403:1415 dietary fiber 1403:1415 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 3 11 theme body 350:353 arg1 separation 325:334 a universal separation 313:334 a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions 313:372 After a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions, all tunics have been found rich in carbohydrate contents, while all inner body tissues are richer in proteins. 27049617 6 12 theme low 861:863 arg1 contents 879:886 low toxic element contents 861:886 low toxic element contents 861:886 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 3 13 from proteins 476:483 arg1 richer 466:471 richer 466:471 richer 466:471 After a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions, all tunics have been found rich in carbohydrate contents, while all inner body tissues are richer in proteins. 27049617 4 14 theme Phlebobranchia 630:643 arg1 species 645:651 Phlebobranchia species 630:651 Phlebobranchia species 630:651 Cellulose is present almost exclusively in the tunics and more in the order Stolidobranchia, while more sulfated polysaccharides are present in Phlebobranchia species. 27049617 4 15 theme order 556:560 arg1 Stolidobranchia 562:576 the order Stolidobranchia 552:576 the order Stolidobranchia 552:576 Cellulose is present almost exclusively in the tunics and more in the order Stolidobranchia, while more sulfated polysaccharides are present in Phlebobranchia species. 27049617 5 16 theme amino 710:714 arg1 index 721:725 a high essential amino acid index 693:725 a high essential amino acid index 693:725 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 9 17 theme pharmaceutical 1544:1557 arg1 industries 1572:1581 pharmaceutical and chemical industries 1544:1581 pharmaceutical and chemical industries 1544:1581 Collagens, sulfated polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, sterols and trace elements could be explored as byproducts for, e.g. pharmaceutical and chemical industries. 27049617 0 18 theme roretzi 116:122 arg1 examples 92:99 examples 92:99 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 0:151 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 6 19 theme minerals 848:855 arg1 contents 801:808 high contents 796:808 high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans 796:933 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 7 20 theme resource 1093:1100 arg1 exploitation 1102:1113 resource exploitation 1093:1113 resource exploitation 1093:1113 There are species-specific characteristics observed for vanadium accumulation and sterol structures which are also meaningful for ascidian chemotaxonomy and resource exploitation. 27049617 4 21 theme sulfated 590:597 arg1 polysaccharides 599:613 more sulfated polysaccharides 585:613 more sulfated polysaccharides 585:613 Cellulose is present almost exclusively in the tunics and more in the order Stolidobranchia, while more sulfated polysaccharides are present in Phlebobranchia species. 27049617 4 22 from species 645:651 arg1 present 619:625 present 619:625 present 619:625 Cellulose is present almost exclusively in the tunics and more in the order Stolidobranchia, while more sulfated polysaccharides are present in Phlebobranchia species. 27049617 1 23 theme Ciona 157:161 arg1 intestinalis 163:174 Ciona intestinalis 157:174 Ciona intestinalis 157:174 and Ciona intestinalis. 27049617 0 24 theme Halocynthia 104:114 arg1 plicata 132:138 Styela plicata 125:138 Styela plicata 125:138 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 0 24 theme Halocynthia 104:114 arg1 sp 149:150 Ascidia sp 141:150 Ascidia sp 141:150 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 0 24 theme Halocynthia 104:114 arg1 roretzi 116:122 Halocynthia roretzi 104:122 Halocynthia roretzi 104:122 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 6 25 theme trace 842:846 arg1 minerals 848:855 trace minerals 842:855 trace minerals 842:855 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 5 26 theme acid 752:755 arg1 content 763:769 high delicious amino acid (DAA) content 731:769 high delicious amino acid (DAA) content 731:769 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 8 27 theme tunics 1180:1185 arg1 utilizations 1164:1175 the present utilizations 1152:1175 the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food 1152:1264 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 5 28 theme acid 716:719 arg1 index 721:725 a high essential amino acid index 693:725 a high essential amino acid index 693:725 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 5 29 theme amino 746:750 arg1 DAA 758:760 DAA 758:760 DAA 758:760 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 5 29 theme amino 746:750 arg1 acid 752:755 delicious amino acid 736:755 high delicious amino acid (DAA) content 731:769 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 5 30 theme all 661:663 arg1 proteins 665:672 Almost all proteins 654:672 Almost all proteins 654:672 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 5 30 theme all 661:663 arg1 collagens 678:686 collagens 678:686 collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content 678:769 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 6 31 with acids 832:836 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 916:933 glycosaminoglycans 916:933 glycosaminoglycans 916:933 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 6 31 with acids 832:836 arg1 sterols 904:910 different sterols 894:910 different sterols 894:910 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 0 32 theme Ascidian 0:7 arg1 bioresources 9:20 Ascidian bioresources 0:20 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 0:151 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 4 33 located present 619:625 arg1 species 645:651 Phlebobranchia species 630:651 Phlebobranchia species 630:651 Cellulose is present almost exclusively in the tunics and more in the order Stolidobranchia, while more sulfated polysaccharides are present in Phlebobranchia species. 27049617 4 33 located present 619:625 arg2 polysaccharides 599:613 more sulfated polysaccharides 585:613 more sulfated polysaccharides 585:613 Cellulose is present almost exclusively in the tunics and more in the order Stolidobranchia, while more sulfated polysaccharides are present in Phlebobranchia species. 27049617 8 34 with foods 1327:1331 arg1 cellulose 1390:1398 the contained cellulose 1376:1398 the contained cellulose 1376:1398 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 4 35 from present 619:625 arg1 species 645:651 Phlebobranchia species 630:651 Phlebobranchia species 630:651 Cellulose is present almost exclusively in the tunics and more in the order Stolidobranchia, while more sulfated polysaccharides are present in Phlebobranchia species. 27049617 8 36 theme body 1239:1242 arg1 tissues 1244:1250 some species' inner body tissues 1219:1250 some species' inner body tissues as human food 1219:1264 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 0 37 theme common 23:28 arg1 compositions 51:62 chemical compositions 42:62 chemical compositions 42:62 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 0 38 theme Styela 125:130 arg1 plicata 132:138 Styela plicata 125:138 Styela plicata 125:138 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 0 38 theme Styela 125:130 arg1 roretzi 116:122 Halocynthia roretzi 104:122 Halocynthia roretzi 104:122 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 3 39 from richer 466:471 arg1 proteins 476:483 proteins 476:483 proteins 476:483 After a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions, all tunics have been found rich in carbohydrate contents, while all inner body tissues are richer in proteins. 27049617 8 40 theme inner 1299:1303 arg1 tissues 1310:1316 all species' inner body tissues 1286:1316 all species' inner body tissues 1286:1316 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 8 40 theme inner 1299:1303 arg1 foods 1327:1331 human foods 1321:1331 human foods 1321:1331 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 8 40 theme inner 1299:1303 arg1 tunics 1341:1346 all tunics 1337:1346 all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose 1337:1398 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 8 41 theme human 1255:1259 arg1 food 1261:1264 human food 1255:1264 human food 1255:1264 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 8 42 theme cellulose 1191:1199 arg1 production 1201:1210 cellulose production 1191:1210 cellulose production 1191:1210 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 7 43 theme ascidian 1066:1073 arg1 chemotaxonomy 1075:1087 ascidian chemotaxonomy 1066:1087 ascidian chemotaxonomy 1066:1087 There are species-specific characteristics observed for vanadium accumulation and sterol structures which are also meaningful for ascidian chemotaxonomy and resource exploitation. 27049617 6 44 theme acids 832:836 arg1 contents 801:808 high contents 796:808 high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans 796:933 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 2 45 theme chemical 284:291 arg1 compositions 293:304 their chemical compositions 278:304 their chemical compositions 278:304 To explore abundant marine ascidian bioresources, four species from two orders have been compared in their chemical compositions. 27049617 3 46 theme inner 443:447 arg1 tissues 454:460 all inner body tissues 439:460 all inner body tissues 439:460 After a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions, all tunics have been found rich in carbohydrate contents, while all inner body tissues are richer in proteins. 27049617 0 47 theme variant 34:40 arg1 compositions 51:62 chemical compositions 42:62 chemical compositions 42:62 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 6 48 theme fatty 826:830 arg1 acids 832:836 good-quality fatty acids 813:836 good-quality fatty acids 813:836 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 2 49 from orders 249:254 arg1 species 232:238 four species 227:238 four species from two orders 227:254 To explore abundant marine ascidian bioresources, four species from two orders have been compared in their chemical compositions. 27049617 5 50 with collagens 678:686 arg1 index 721:725 a high essential amino acid index 693:725 a high essential amino acid index 693:725 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 5 50 with collagens 678:686 arg1 content 763:769 high delicious amino acid (DAA) content 731:769 high delicious amino acid (DAA) content 731:769 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 3 51 theme carbohydrate 410:421 arg1 contents 423:430 carbohydrate contents 410:430 carbohydrate contents 410:430 After a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions, all tunics have been found rich in carbohydrate contents, while all inner body tissues are richer in proteins. 27049617 5 52 theme high 695:698 arg1 index 721:725 a high essential amino acid index 693:725 a high essential amino acid index 693:725 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 6 53 theme good-quality 813:824 arg1 acids 832:836 good-quality fatty acids 813:836 good-quality fatty acids 813:836 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 9 54 theme chemical 1563:1570 arg1 industries 1572:1581 pharmaceutical and chemical industries 1544:1581 pharmaceutical and chemical industries 1544:1581 Collagens, sulfated polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, sterols and trace elements could be explored as byproducts for, e.g. pharmaceutical and chemical industries. 27049617 3 55 theme animal 343:348 arg1 body 350:353 the animal body 339:353 the animal body 339:353 After a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions, all tunics have been found rich in carbohydrate contents, while all inner body tissues are richer in proteins. 27049617 5 56 theme essential 700:708 arg1 index 721:725 a high essential amino acid index 693:725 a high essential amino acid index 693:725 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 8 57 with tunics 1341:1346 arg1 cellulose 1390:1398 the contained cellulose 1376:1398 the contained cellulose 1376:1398 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 9 58 theme sulfated 1429:1436 arg1 Collagens 1418:1426 Collagens 1418:1426 Collagens 1418:1426 Collagens, sulfated polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, sterols and trace elements could be explored as byproducts for, e.g. pharmaceutical and chemical industries. 27049617 9 58 theme sulfated 1429:1436 arg1 polysaccharides 1438:1452 sulfated polysaccharides 1429:1452 sulfated polysaccharides 1429:1452 Collagens, sulfated polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, sterols and trace elements could be explored as byproducts for, e.g. pharmaceutical and chemical industries. 27049617 0 59 theme chemical 42:49 arg1 compositions 51:62 chemical compositions 42:62 chemical compositions 42:62 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 7 60 theme species-specific 946:961 arg1 characteristics 963:977 species-specific characteristics 946:977 species-specific characteristics observed for vanadium accumulation and sterol structures which are also meaningful for ascidian chemotaxonomy and resource exploitation 946:1113 There are species-specific characteristics observed for vanadium accumulation and sterol structures which are also meaningful for ascidian chemotaxonomy and resource exploitation. 27049617 0 61 theme Ascidia 141:147 arg1 sp 149:150 Ascidia sp 141:150 Ascidia sp 141:150 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 0 61 theme Ascidia 141:147 arg1 roretzi 116:122 Halocynthia roretzi 104:122 Halocynthia roretzi 104:122 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 2 62 theme ascidian 204:211 arg1 bioresources 213:224 abundant marine ascidian bioresources 188:224 abundant marine ascidian bioresources 188:224 To explore abundant marine ascidian bioresources, four species from two orders have been compared in their chemical compositions. 27049617 6 63 theme high 796:799 arg1 contents 801:808 high contents 796:808 high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans 796:933 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 7 64 theme sterol 1018:1023 arg1 structures 1025:1034 sterol structures 1018:1034 sterol structures 1018:1034 There are species-specific characteristics observed for vanadium accumulation and sterol structures which are also meaningful for ascidian chemotaxonomy and resource exploitation. 27049617 2 65 theme marine 197:202 arg1 bioresources 213:224 abundant marine ascidian bioresources 188:224 abundant marine ascidian bioresources 188:224 To explore abundant marine ascidian bioresources, four species from two orders have been compared in their chemical compositions. 27049617 7 66 theme vanadium 992:999 arg1 accumulation 1001:1012 vanadium accumulation 992:1012 vanadium accumulation 992:1012 There are species-specific characteristics observed for vanadium accumulation and sterol structures which are also meaningful for ascidian chemotaxonomy and resource exploitation. 27049617 3 67 theme body 449:452 arg1 tissues 454:460 all inner body tissues 439:460 all inner body tissues 439:460 After a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions, all tunics have been found rich in carbohydrate contents, while all inner body tissues are richer in proteins. 27049617 8 68 theme present 1156:1162 arg1 utilizations 1164:1175 the present utilizations 1152:1175 the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food 1152:1264 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 8 69 theme human 1321:1325 arg1 tissues 1310:1316 all species' inner body tissues 1286:1316 all species' inner body tissues 1286:1316 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 8 69 theme human 1321:1325 arg1 foods 1327:1331 human foods 1321:1331 human foods 1321:1331 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 2 70 theme abundant 188:195 arg1 bioresources 213:224 abundant marine ascidian bioresources 188:224 abundant marine ascidian bioresources 188:224 To explore abundant marine ascidian bioresources, four species from two orders have been compared in their chemical compositions. 27049617 3 71 from rich 402:405 arg1 contents 423:430 carbohydrate contents 410:430 carbohydrate contents 410:430 After a universal separation of the animal body into two fractions, all tunics have been found rich in carbohydrate contents, while all inner body tissues are richer in proteins. 27049617 9 72 theme trace 1487:1491 arg1 elements 1493:1500 trace elements 1487:1500 trace elements 1487:1500 Collagens, sulfated polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, sterols and trace elements could be explored as byproducts for, e.g. pharmaceutical and chemical industries. 27049617 9 72 theme trace 1487:1491 arg1 Collagens 1418:1426 Collagens 1418:1426 Collagens 1418:1426 Collagens, sulfated polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, sterols and trace elements could be explored as byproducts for, e.g. pharmaceutical and chemical industries. 27049617 6 73 with contents 879:886 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 916:933 glycosaminoglycans 916:933 glycosaminoglycans 916:933 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 6 73 with contents 879:886 arg1 sterols 904:910 different sterols 894:910 different sterols 894:910 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 0 74 theme exploitation 68:79 arg1 strategy 81:88 exploitation strategy 68:88 exploitation strategy 68:88 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 4 75 attach present 619:625 arg1 species 645:651 Phlebobranchia species 630:651 Phlebobranchia species 630:651 Cellulose is present almost exclusively in the tunics and more in the order Stolidobranchia, while more sulfated polysaccharides are present in Phlebobranchia species. 27049617 4 75 attach present 619:625 arg2 polysaccharides 599:613 more sulfated polysaccharides 585:613 more sulfated polysaccharides 585:613 Cellulose is present almost exclusively in the tunics and more in the order Stolidobranchia, while more sulfated polysaccharides are present in Phlebobranchia species. 27049617 0 76 dep bioresources 9:20 arg1 strategy 81:88 exploitation strategy 68:88 exploitation strategy 68:88 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 0 76 dep bioresources 9:20 arg1 examples 92:99 examples 92:99 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 0:151 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 0 76 dep bioresources 9:20 arg1 compositions 51:62 chemical compositions 42:62 chemical compositions 42:62 Ascidian bioresources: common and variant chemical compositions and exploitation strategy - examples of Halocynthia roretzi, Styela plicata, Ascidia sp. 27049617 8 77 theme animal 1359:1364 arg1 feed 1366:1369 animal feed 1359:1369 animal feed 1359:1369 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 4 78 theme more 585:588 arg1 polysaccharides 599:613 more sulfated polysaccharides 585:613 more sulfated polysaccharides 585:613 Cellulose is present almost exclusively in the tunics and more in the order Stolidobranchia, while more sulfated polysaccharides are present in Phlebobranchia species. 27049617 5 79 theme high 731:734 arg1 content 763:769 high delicious amino acid (DAA) content 731:769 high delicious amino acid (DAA) content 731:769 Almost all proteins are collagens with a high essential amino acid index and high delicious amino acid (DAA) content. 27049617 8 80 theme contained 1380:1388 arg1 cellulose 1390:1398 the contained cellulose 1376:1398 the contained cellulose 1376:1398 It is suggested that in addition to the present utilizations of tunics for cellulose production and of some species' inner body tissues as human food, one should explore all species' inner body tissues as human foods and all tunics as food or animal feed with the contained cellulose as dietary fiber. 27049617 6 81 contain have 791:794 arg2 contents 801:808 high contents 796:808 high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans 796:933 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 6 81 contain have 791:794 arg1 fractions 776:784 All fractions 772:784 All fractions 772:784 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27049617 6 82 theme different 894:902 arg1 sterols 904:910 different sterols 894:910 different sterols 894:910 All fractions also have high contents of good-quality fatty acids and trace minerals but low toxic element contents, with different sterols and glycosaminoglycans. 27324780 8 0 theme deposits 1710:1717 arg1 arrangements 1673:1684 the spatial arrangements 1661:1684 the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied 1661:1752 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 2 1 theme bones 346:350 arg1 function 315:322 both biological and mechanical function 284:322 both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones 284:350 In order to restore both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones, novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure are constantly under development in tissue engineering applications. 27324780 7 2 contain had 1445:1447 arg2 effect 1463:1468 a significant effect 1449:1468 a significant effect 1449:1468 It was found that the addition of CNTs had a significant effect on the sol-gel transition time and significantly increased the resistance to compression for the hydrogels. 27324780 7 2 contain had 1445:1447 arg1 addition 1428:1435 the addition 1424:1435 the addition of CNTs 1424:1443 It was found that the addition of CNTs had a significant effect on the sol-gel transition time and significantly increased the resistance to compression for the hydrogels. 27324780 3 3 theme surgical 768:775 arg1 procedures 777:786 less invasive surgical procedures 754:786 less invasive surgical procedures 754:786 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 6 4 theme controlled 1352:1361 arg1 release 1363:1369 the controlled release 1348:1369 the controlled release of protein drugs 1348:1386 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 3 5 theme due 583:585 arg1 systems 575:581 ideal systems 569:581 ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures 569:786 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 1 6 theme fractures 253:261 arg1 causes 200:205 the main causes 191:205 the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures 191:261 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 27324780 4 7 theme load-bearing 891:902 arg1 applications 904:915 load-bearing applications 891:915 load-bearing applications 891:915 As a main drawback, these chitosan systems present poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications. 27324780 3 8 theme ideal 569:573 arg1 systems 575:581 ideal systems 569:581 ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures 569:786 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 7 9 theme sol-gel 1477:1483 arg1 time 1496:1499 the sol-gel transition time 1473:1499 the sol-gel transition time 1473:1499 It was found that the addition of CNTs had a significant effect on the sol-gel transition time and significantly increased the resistance to compression for the hydrogels. 27324780 2 10 theme biological 289:298 arg1 function 315:322 both biological and mechanical function 284:322 both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones 284:350 In order to restore both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones, novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure are constantly under development in tissue engineering applications. 27324780 0 11 theme bone 104:107 arg1 regeneration 109:120 bone regeneration 104:120 bone regeneration 104:120 Carbon nanotubes play an important role in the spatial arrangement of calcium deposits in hydrogels for bone regeneration. 27324780 3 12 theme thermosensitive 524:538 arg1 scaffolds 549:557 chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds 509:557 chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds 509:557 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 7 13 theme significant 1451:1461 arg1 effect 1463:1468 a significant effect 1449:1468 a significant effect 1449:1468 It was found that the addition of CNTs had a significant effect on the sol-gel transition time and significantly increased the resistance to compression for the hydrogels. 27324780 8 14 from arrangements 1673:1684 arg1 materials 1736:1744 the composite materials 1722:1744 the composite materials studied 1722:1752 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 3 15 theme antibacterial 641:653 arg1 properties 655:664 enhanced antibacterial properties 632:664 enhanced antibacterial properties 632:664 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 8 16 theme fragile 1817:1823 arg1 bones 1842:1846 fragile and/or fractured bones 1817:1846 fragile and/or fractured bones 1817:1846 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 8 17 theme fractured 1832:1840 arg1 bones 1842:1846 fragile and/or fractured bones 1817:1846 fragile and/or fractured bones 1817:1846 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 5 18 theme combined 984:991 arg1 addition 993:1000 the combined addition 980:1000 the combined addition of hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 980:1046 In order to produce more mechanically-competent biomaterials, the combined addition of hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed in this study. 27324780 6 19 theme drugs 1382:1386 arg1 release 1363:1369 the controlled release 1348:1369 the controlled release of protein drugs 1348:1386 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 6 20 theme calcium 1282:1288 arg1 patterns 1301:1308 calcium deposition patterns 1282:1308 calcium deposition patterns 1282:1308 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 6 21 dep ability 1314:1320 arg1 provide 1325:1331 provide 1325:1331 to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs 1322:1386 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 0 22 theme spatial 47:53 arg1 arrangement 55:65 the spatial arrangement 43:65 the spatial arrangement of calcium deposits in hydrogels for bone regeneration 43:120 Carbon nanotubes play an important role in the spatial arrangement of calcium deposits in hydrogels for bone regeneration. 27324780 8 23 dep in 1588:1589 arg1 vitro 1591:1595 vitro 1591:1595 vitro 1591:1595 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 5 24 theme mechanically-competent 943:964 arg1 biomaterials 966:977 more mechanically-competent biomaterials 938:977 more mechanically-competent biomaterials 938:977 In order to produce more mechanically-competent biomaterials, the combined addition of hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed in this study. 27324780 8 25 theme in 1588:1589 arg1 studies 1611:1617 in vitro calcification studies 1588:1617 in vitro calcification studies 1588:1617 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 0 26 theme deposits 78:85 arg1 arrangement 55:65 the spatial arrangement 43:65 the spatial arrangement of calcium deposits in hydrogels for bone regeneration 43:120 Carbon nanotubes play an important role in the spatial arrangement of calcium deposits in hydrogels for bone regeneration. 27324780 6 27 theme deposition 1290:1299 arg1 patterns 1301:1308 calcium deposition patterns 1282:1308 calcium deposition patterns 1282:1308 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 8 28 theme calcification 1597:1609 arg1 studies 1611:1617 in vitro calcification studies 1588:1617 in vitro calcification studies 1588:1617 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 4 29 theme chitosan 815:822 arg1 systems 824:830 these chitosan systems 809:830 these chitosan systems 809:830 As a main drawback, these chitosan systems present poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications. 27324780 8 30 contain have 1780:1783 arg1 they 1771:1774 they 1771:1774 they 1771:1774 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 8 30 contain have 1780:1783 arg2 role 1787:1790 a role 1785:1790 a role 1785:1790 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 2 31 theme tissue 445:450 arg1 applications 464:475 tissue engineering applications 445:475 tissue engineering applications 445:475 In order to restore both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones, novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure are constantly under development in tissue engineering applications. 27324780 0 32 theme Carbon 0:5 arg1 nanotubes 7:15 Carbon nanotubes 0:15 Carbon nanotubes 0:15 Carbon nanotubes play an important role in the spatial arrangement of calcium deposits in hydrogels for bone regeneration. 27324780 4 33 theme main 794:797 arg1 performance 856:866 poor mechanical performance 840:866 poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications 840:915 As a main drawback, these chitosan systems present poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications. 27324780 4 33 theme main 794:797 arg1 drawback 799:806 a main drawback 792:806 a main drawback 792:806 As a main drawback, these chitosan systems present poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications. 27324780 5 34 theme nanotubes 1031:1039 arg1 addition 993:1000 the combined addition 980:1000 the combined addition of hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 980:1046 In order to produce more mechanically-competent biomaterials, the combined addition of hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed in this study. 27324780 0 35 theme important 25:33 arg1 role 35:38 an important role 22:38 an important role 22:38 Carbon nanotubes play an important role in the spatial arrangement of calcium deposits in hydrogels for bone regeneration. 27324780 3 36 theme formation 691:699 arg1 promotion 667:675 promotion 667:675 promotion of osteoblast formation 667:699 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 3 36 theme formation 691:699 arg1 biodegradability 614:629 biodegradability 614:629 biodegradability 614:629 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 3 36 theme formation 691:699 arg1 ease 705:708 ease 705:708 ease of injection 705:721 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 3 36 theme formation 691:699 arg1 biocompatibility 596:611 biocompatibility 596:611 biocompatibility 596:611 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 3 36 theme formation 691:699 arg1 properties 655:664 enhanced antibacterial properties 632:664 enhanced antibacterial properties 632:664 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 2 37 theme diseased/fractured 327:344 arg1 bones 346:350 diseased/fractured bones 327:350 diseased/fractured bones 327:350 In order to restore both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones, novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure are constantly under development in tissue engineering applications. 27324780 6 38 theme multi-walled 1199:1210 arg1 CNTs 1212:1215 single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1181:1215 stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1170:1215 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 8 39 theme composite 1726:1734 arg1 materials 1736:1744 the composite materials 1722:1744 the composite materials studied 1722:1752 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 6 40 theme single-walled 1181:1193 arg1 CNTs 1212:1215 single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1181:1215 stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1170:1215 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 3 41 theme injection 713:721 arg1 promotion 667:675 promotion 667:675 promotion of osteoblast formation 667:699 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 3 41 theme injection 713:721 arg1 biodegradability 614:629 biodegradability 614:629 biodegradability 614:629 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 3 41 theme injection 713:721 arg1 ease 705:708 ease 705:708 ease of injection 705:721 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 3 41 theme injection 713:721 arg1 biocompatibility 596:611 biocompatibility 596:611 biocompatibility 596:611 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 3 41 theme injection 713:721 arg1 properties 655:664 enhanced antibacterial properties 632:664 enhanced antibacterial properties 632:664 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 4 42 theme mechanical 845:854 arg1 drawback 799:806 a main drawback 792:806 a main drawback 792:806 As a main drawback, these chitosan systems present poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications. 27324780 4 42 theme mechanical 845:854 arg1 performance 856:866 poor mechanical performance 840:866 poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications 840:915 As a main drawback, these chitosan systems present poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications. 27324780 3 43 theme hydrogel 540:547 arg1 scaffolds 549:557 chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds 509:557 chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds 509:557 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 1 44 theme bone 218:221 arg1 stability 234:242 reduced bone mechanical stability 210:242 reduced bone mechanical stability 210:242 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 27324780 6 45 theme protein 1374:1380 arg1 drugs 1382:1386 protein drugs 1374:1386 protein drugs 1374:1386 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 3 46 theme chitosan-based 509:522 arg1 scaffolds 549:557 chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds 509:557 chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds 509:557 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 1 47 theme stability 234:242 arg1 causes 200:205 the main causes 191:205 the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures 191:261 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 27324780 6 48 theme chitosan 1140:1147 arg1 hydrogels 1149:1157 thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels 1124:1157 thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1124:1215 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 8 49 theme calcium 1702:1708 arg1 deposits 1710:1717 newly formed calcium deposits 1689:1717 newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied 1689:1752 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 1 50 theme bone 248:251 arg1 fractures 253:261 bone fractures 248:261 bone fractures 248:261 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 27324780 6 51 theme mechanical/physiochemical 1244:1268 arg1 properties 1270:1279 the mechanical/physiochemical properties 1240:1279 the mechanical/physiochemical properties 1240:1279 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 3 52 theme invasive 759:766 arg1 procedures 777:786 less invasive surgical procedures 754:786 less invasive surgical procedures 754:786 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 7 53 theme transition 1485:1494 arg1 time 1496:1499 the sol-gel transition time 1473:1499 the sol-gel transition time 1473:1499 It was found that the addition of CNTs had a significant effect on the sol-gel transition time and significantly increased the resistance to compression for the hydrogels. 27324780 3 54 theme enhanced 632:639 arg1 properties 655:664 enhanced antibacterial properties 632:664 enhanced antibacterial properties 632:664 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 1 55 theme main 195:198 arg1 causes 200:205 the main causes 191:205 the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures 191:261 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 27324780 0 56 from arrangement 55:65 arg1 hydrogels 90:98 hydrogels 90:98 hydrogels for bone regeneration 90:120 Carbon nanotubes play an important role in the spatial arrangement of calcium deposits in hydrogels for bone regeneration. 27324780 8 57 from deposits 1710:1717 arg1 materials 1736:1744 the composite materials 1722:1744 the composite materials studied 1722:1752 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 6 58 contain containing 1159:1168 arg2 CNTs 1212:1215 single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1181:1215 stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1170:1215 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 6 58 contain containing 1159:1168 arg1 hydrogels 1149:1157 thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels 1124:1157 thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1124:1215 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 7 59 theme CNTs 1440:1443 arg1 addition 1428:1435 the addition 1424:1435 the addition of CNTs 1424:1443 It was found that the addition of CNTs had a significant effect on the sol-gel transition time and significantly increased the resistance to compression for the hydrogels. 27324780 8 60 theme bones 1842:1846 arg1 repair 1807:1812 the repair 1803:1812 the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones 1803:1846 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 1 61 theme related 127:133 arg1 diseases 140:147 Age related bone diseases 123:147 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis 123:168 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 27324780 1 61 theme related 127:133 arg1 osteoporosis 157:168 osteoporosis 157:168 osteoporosis 157:168 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 27324780 2 62 from development 430:440 arg1 applications 464:475 tissue engineering applications 445:475 tissue engineering applications 445:475 In order to restore both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones, novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure are constantly under development in tissue engineering applications. 27324780 0 63 theme calcium 70:76 arg1 deposits 78:85 calcium deposits 70:85 calcium deposits 70:85 Carbon nanotubes play an important role in the spatial arrangement of calcium deposits in hydrogels for bone regeneration. 27324780 8 64 dep way 1799:1801 arg1 occurs 1848:1853 occurs 1848:1853 occurs in vivo 1848:1861 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 3 65 theme possible 488:495 arg1 candidates 497:506 the possible candidates 484:506 the possible candidates 484:506 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 6 66 theme thermosensitive 1124:1138 arg1 hydrogels 1149:1157 thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels 1124:1157 thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1124:1215 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 5 67 theme hydroxyapatite 1005:1018 arg1 addition 993:1000 the combined addition 980:1000 the combined addition of hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 980:1046 In order to produce more mechanically-competent biomaterials, the combined addition of hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed in this study. 27324780 5 68 theme carbon 1024:1029 arg1 CNTs 1042:1045 CNTs 1042:1045 CNTs 1042:1045 In order to produce more mechanically-competent biomaterials, the combined addition of hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed in this study. 27324780 5 68 theme carbon 1024:1029 arg1 nanotubes 1031:1039 carbon nanotubes 1024:1039 carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 1024:1046 In order to produce more mechanically-competent biomaterials, the combined addition of hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed in this study. 27324780 6 69 theme work 1105:1108 arg1 aim 1093:1095 the aim 1089:1095 the aim of this work 1089:1108 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 8 70 theme major 1647:1651 arg1 role 1653:1656 a major role 1645:1656 a major role 1645:1656 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 8 71 from materials 1736:1744 arg1 arrangements 1673:1684 the spatial arrangements 1661:1684 the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied 1661:1752 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 6 72 from effect 1230:1235 arg1 ability 1314:1320 ability 1314:1320 ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs 1314:1386 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 6 72 from effect 1230:1235 arg1 patterns 1301:1308 calcium deposition patterns 1282:1308 calcium deposition patterns 1282:1308 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 6 72 from effect 1230:1235 arg1 properties 1270:1279 the mechanical/physiochemical properties 1240:1279 the mechanical/physiochemical properties 1240:1279 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 2 73 theme bioactive 359:367 arg1 scaffolds 369:377 novel bioactive scaffolds 353:377 novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure 353:407 In order to restore both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones, novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure are constantly under development in tissue engineering applications. 27324780 3 74 theme osteoblast 680:689 arg1 formation 691:699 osteoblast formation 680:699 osteoblast formation 680:699 Among the possible candidates, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel scaffolds represent ideal systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, enhanced antibacterial properties, promotion of osteoblast formation and ease of injection, which makes them suitable for less invasive surgical procedures. 27324780 2 75 theme bone 394:397 arg1 structure 399:407 the bone structure 390:407 the bone structure 390:407 In order to restore both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones, novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure are constantly under development in tissue engineering applications. 27324780 2 76 theme engineering 452:462 arg1 applications 464:475 tissue engineering applications 445:475 tissue engineering applications 445:475 In order to restore both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones, novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure are constantly under development in tissue engineering applications. 27324780 8 77 theme spatial 1665:1671 arg1 arrangements 1673:1684 the spatial arrangements 1661:1684 the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied 1661:1752 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 1 78 theme bone 135:138 arg1 diseases 140:147 Age related bone diseases 123:147 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis 123:168 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 27324780 1 78 theme bone 135:138 arg1 osteoporosis 157:168 osteoporosis 157:168 osteoporosis 157:168 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 27324780 2 79 theme mechanical 304:313 arg1 function 315:322 both biological and mechanical function 284:322 both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones 284:350 In order to restore both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones, novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure are constantly under development in tissue engineering applications. 27324780 1 80 theme reduced 210:216 arg1 stability 234:242 reduced bone mechanical stability 210:242 reduced bone mechanical stability 210:242 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 27324780 6 81 theme stabilised 1170:1179 arg1 CNTs 1212:1215 single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1181:1215 stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs 1170:1215 Specifically, the aim of this work is to develop thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing stabilised single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, where their effect on the mechanical/physiochemical properties, calcium deposition patterns and ability to provide a platform for the controlled release of protein drugs was investigated. 27324780 8 82 theme formed 1695:1700 arg1 deposits 1710:1717 newly formed calcium deposits 1689:1717 newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied 1689:1752 Moreover, in vitro calcification studies revealed that CNTs played a major role in the spatial arrangements of newly formed calcium deposits in the composite materials studied, suggesting that they may have a role in the way the repair of fragile and/or fractured bones occurs in vivo. 27324780 4 83 theme poor 840:843 arg1 drawback 799:806 a main drawback 792:806 a main drawback 792:806 As a main drawback, these chitosan systems present poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications. 27324780 4 83 theme poor 840:843 arg1 performance 856:866 poor mechanical performance 840:866 poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications 840:915 As a main drawback, these chitosan systems present poor mechanical performance that could not support load-bearing applications. 27324780 2 84 theme novel 353:357 arg1 scaffolds 369:377 novel bioactive scaffolds 353:377 novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure 353:407 In order to restore both biological and mechanical function of diseased/fractured bones, novel bioactive scaffolds that mimic the bone structure are constantly under development in tissue engineering applications. 27324780 1 85 theme mechanical 223:232 arg1 stability 234:242 reduced bone mechanical stability 210:242 reduced bone mechanical stability 210:242 Age related bone diseases such as osteoporosis are considered among the main causes of reduced bone mechanical stability and bone fractures. 28990579 4 0 theme osteogenic 810:819 arg1 components 827:836 osteogenic media components 810:836 osteogenic media components 810:836 Additional use of osteogenic media components resulted in an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8%. 28990579 7 1 theme cell-laden 1384:1393 arg1 solutions 1403:1411 the cell-laden polymer solutions 1380:1411 the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks 1380:1422 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 4 2 theme components 827:836 arg1 use 803:805 Additional use 792:805 Additional use of osteogenic media components 792:836 Additional use of osteogenic media components resulted in an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8%. 28990579 6 3 theme elastic 1102:1108 arg1 properties 1131:1140 elastic and viscous hydrogel properties 1102:1140 elastic and viscous hydrogel properties 1102:1140 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 8 4 from effect 2017:2022 arg1 remodeling 2055:2064 remodeling 2055:2064 remodeling 2055:2064 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 8 4 from effect 2017:2022 arg1 development 2039:2049 bone matrix development 2027:2049 bone matrix development 2027:2049 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 6 5 theme matrix 1175:1180 arg1 production 1182:1191 extensive matrix production 1165:1191 extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin 1165:1366 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 8 6 theme relevant 1893:1900 arg1 geometries 1920:1929 relevant three-dimensional geometries 1893:1929 relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting 1893:1961 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 1 7 theme bioinks 187:193 arg1 development 172:182 the development 168:182 the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features 168:357 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 1 8 with hand 286:289 arg1 technique 258:266 the chosen printing technique 238:266 the chosen printing technique 238:266 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 4 9 theme storage 865:871 arg1 module 873:878 storage module 865:878 storage module 865:878 Additional use of osteogenic media components resulted in an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8%. 28990579 7 10 theme markers 1656:1662 arg1 upregulation 1629:1640 upregulation 1629:1640 upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells 1629:1688 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 3 11 theme % 718:718 arg1 % 725:725 126% ± 9.6% 715:725 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 715:756 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 8 12 theme methacrylated 1795:1807 arg1 gelatin 1809:1815 methacrylated gelatin 1795:1815 methacrylated gelatin 1795:1815 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 2 13 theme wt 533:534 arg1 % 535:535 5 wt% 531:535 5 wt% 531:535 In the present study, polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) were prepared. 28990579 2 13 theme wt 533:534 arg1 particles 520:528 hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles 499:528 hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) 499:536 In the present study, polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) were prepared. 28990579 5 14 theme osteogenic 981:990 arg1 components 998:1007 osteogenic media components 981:1007 osteogenic media components 981:1007 Similarly, the loss moduli was increased to 370% ± 122.1% under the influence of osteogenic media components and HAp. 28990579 3 15 theme adipose-derived 584:598 arg1 cells 605:609 primary human adipose-derived stem cells 570:609 primary human adipose-derived stem cells 570:609 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 8 16 theme bone 2141:2144 arg1 components 2146:2155 bone components 2141:2155 bone components 2141:2155 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 8 17 theme acid 1832:1835 arg1 basis 1786:1790 basis 1786:1790 basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid 1786:1835 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 5 18 theme  ± 122.1 948:955 arg1 % 947:947 % 947:947 % 947:947 Similarly, the loss moduli was increased to 370% ± 122.1% under the influence of osteogenic media components and HAp. 28990579 3 19 theme primary 570:576 arg1 cells 605:609 primary human adipose-derived stem cells 570:609 primary human adipose-derived stem cells 570:609 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 4 20 dep % 897:897 arg1 up 880:881 up 880:881 up 880:881 Additional use of osteogenic media components resulted in an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8%. 28990579 1 21 theme tissue 148:153 arg1 engineering 155:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 3 22 theme HAp 787:789 arg1 influence 770:778 the sole influence 761:778 the sole influence of the HAp 761:789 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 7 23 theme printed 1503:1509 arg1 structure 1516:1524 the printed grid structure 1499:1524 the printed grid structure's integrity 1499:1536 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 6 24 theme viscous 1114:1120 arg1 properties 1131:1140 elastic and viscous hydrogel properties 1102:1140 elastic and viscous hydrogel properties 1102:1140 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 3 25 from Encapsulation 553:565 arg1 culture 642:648 culture 642:648 culture for 28 d 642:657 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 3 25 from Encapsulation 553:565 arg1 gels 633:636 the HAp-containing gels 614:636 the HAp-containing gels 614:636 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 6 26 theme components 1290:1299 arg1 staining 1266:1273 staining 1266:1273 staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin 1266:1366 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 3 27 theme cells 605:609 arg1 Encapsulation 553:565 Encapsulation 553:565 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d 553:657 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 0 28 from production 12:21 arg1 hydrogels 50:58 hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels 26:58 hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting 26:88 Bone matrix production in hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting. 28990579 6 29 theme bone 1278:1281 arg1 components 1290:1299 bone matrix components 1278:1299 bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin 1278:1366 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 7 30 theme intense 1593:1599 arg1 formation 1608:1616 an intense matrix formation 1590:1616 an intense matrix formation 1590:1616 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 7 30 theme intense 1593:1599 arg1 time 1569:1572 a culture time 1559:1572 a culture time of 28 d. Again 1559:1587 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 7 31 theme excellent 1472:1480 arg1 printability 1482:1493 excellent printability 1472:1493 excellent printability 1472:1493 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 4 32 theme 199 886:888 arg1 % 889:889 % 889:889 % 889:889 Additional use of osteogenic media components resulted in an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8%. 28990579 8 33 theme components 2146:2155 arg1 staining 2129:2136 staining 2129:2136 staining of bone components 2129:2155 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 8 33 theme components 2146:2155 arg1 measurements 2112:2123 rheological measurements 2100:2123 rheological measurements 2100:2123 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 3 34 from value 743:747 arg1 day 752:754 day 1 752:756 day 1 752:756 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 3 35 theme sole 765:768 arg1 influence 770:778 the sole influence 761:778 the sole influence of the HAp 761:789 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 5 36 theme components 998:1007 arg1 influence 968:976 the influence 964:976 the influence of osteogenic media components and HAp 964:1015 Similarly, the loss moduli was increased to 370% ± 122.1% under the influence of osteogenic media components and HAp. 28990579 4 37 theme  ± 27.8 890:896 arg1 % 889:889 % 889:889 % 889:889 Additional use of osteogenic media components resulted in an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8%. 28990579 9 38 theme excellent 2206:2214 arg1 material 2216:2223 an excellent material 2203:2223 an excellent material for bone bioprinting approaches 2203:2255 This makes the developed composite hydrogels an excellent material for bone bioprinting approaches. 28990579 2 39 theme present 387:393 arg1 study 395:399 the present study 383:399 the present study 383:399 In the present study, polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) were prepared. 28990579 5 40 theme HAp 1013:1015 arg1 influence 968:976 the influence 964:976 the influence of osteogenic media components and HAp 964:1015 Similarly, the loss moduli was increased to 370% ± 122.1% under the influence of osteogenic media components and HAp. 28990579 7 41 theme d. 1580:1581 arg1 formation 1608:1616 an intense matrix formation 1590:1616 an intense matrix formation 1590:1616 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 7 41 theme d. 1580:1581 arg1 time 1569:1572 a culture time 1559:1572 a culture time of 28 d. Again 1559:1587 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 8 42 theme rheological 2100:2110 arg1 measurements 2112:2123 rheological measurements 2100:2123 rheological measurements 2100:2123 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 9 43 theme composite 2183:2191 arg1 hydrogels 2193:2201 the developed composite hydrogels 2169:2201 the developed composite hydrogels 2169:2201 This makes the developed composite hydrogels an excellent material for bone bioprinting approaches. 28990579 0 44 theme Bone 0:3 arg1 production 12:21 Bone matrix production 0:21 Bone matrix production in hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting. 0:89 Bone matrix production in hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting. 28990579 1 45 from approach 131:138 arg1 engineering 155:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 8 46 theme other 1975:1979 arg1 hand 1981:1984 the other hand 1971:1984 the other hand 1971:1984 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 8 47 from bioinks 1761:1767 arg1 basis 1786:1790 basis 1786:1790 basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid 1786:1835 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 8 48 theme geometries 1920:1929 arg1 build-up 1881:1888 the build-up 1877:1888 the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting 1877:1961 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 1 49 theme other 280:284 arg1 hand 286:289 the other hand 276:289 the other hand 276:289 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 1 50 with hand 216:219 arg1 technique 258:266 the chosen printing technique 238:266 the chosen printing technique 238:266 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 1 51 theme forward-looking 115:129 arg1 approach 131:138 a forward-looking approach 113:138 a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering 113:165 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 1 51 theme forward-looking 115:129 arg1 bioprinting 98:108 bioprinting 98:108 bioprinting 98:108 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 7 52 theme culture 1561:1567 arg1 formation 1608:1616 an intense matrix formation 1590:1616 an intense matrix formation 1590:1616 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 7 52 theme culture 1561:1567 arg1 time 1569:1572 a culture time 1559:1572 a culture time of 28 d. Again 1559:1587 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 0 53 theme hydroxyapatite-modified 26:48 arg1 hydrogels 50:58 hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels 26:58 hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting 26:88 Bone matrix production in hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting. 28990579 8 54 theme microextrusion 1936:1949 arg1 bioprinting 1951:1961 microextrusion bioprinting 1936:1961 microextrusion bioprinting 1936:1961 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 8 55 theme significant 1996:2006 arg1 effect 2017:2022 a significant positive effect 1994:2022 a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling 1994:2064 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 2 56 theme methacrylated 455:467 arg1 acid 480:483 methacrylated hyaluronic acid 455:483 methacrylated hyaluronic acid 455:483 In the present study, polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) were prepared. 28990579 0 57 theme bone 73:76 arg1 bioprinting 78:88 bone bioprinting 73:88 bone bioprinting 73:88 Bone matrix production in hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting. 28990579 8 58 with geometries 1920:1929 arg1 bioprinting 1951:1961 microextrusion bioprinting 1936:1961 microextrusion bioprinting 1936:1961 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 9 59 theme bone 2229:2232 arg1 approaches 2246:2255 bone bioprinting approaches 2229:2255 bone bioprinting approaches 2229:2255 This makes the developed composite hydrogels an excellent material for bone bioprinting approaches. 28990579 0 60 theme suitable 60:67 arg1 hydrogels 50:58 hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels 26:58 hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting 26:88 Bone matrix production in hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting. 28990579 1 61 theme relevant 303:310 arg1 features 350:357 the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features 299:357 the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features 299:357 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 8 62 from hydrogels 1773:1781 arg1 basis 1786:1790 basis 1786:1790 basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid 1786:1835 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 1 63 theme processable 221:231 arg1 hand 216:219 the one hand processable 208:231 the one hand processable 208:231 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 5 64 theme loss 915:918 arg1 moduli 920:925 the loss moduli 911:925 the loss moduli 911:925 Similarly, the loss moduli was increased to 370% ± 122.1% under the influence of osteogenic media components and HAp. 28990579 8 65 theme bone 2027:2030 arg1 development 2039:2049 bone matrix development 2027:2049 bone matrix development 2027:2049 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 7 66 theme polymer 1395:1401 arg1 solutions 1403:1411 the cell-laden polymer solutions 1380:1411 the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks 1380:1422 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 8 67 theme HAp-containing 1746:1759 arg1 bioinks 1761:1767 our HAp-containing bioinks 1742:1767 our HAp-containing bioinks 1742:1767 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 1 68 theme printing 249:256 arg1 technique 258:266 the chosen printing technique 238:266 the chosen printing technique 238:266 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 6 69 from production 1182:1191 arg1 hydrogels 1200:1208 the hydrogels 1196:1208 the hydrogels 1196:1208 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 4 70 theme media 821:825 arg1 components 827:836 osteogenic media components 810:836 osteogenic media components 810:836 Additional use of osteogenic media components resulted in an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8%. 28990579 7 71 theme encapsulated 1671:1682 arg1 cells 1684:1688 the encapsulated cells 1667:1688 the encapsulated cells 1667:1688 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 6 72 theme distinct 1083:1090 arg1 change 1092:1097 a distinct change 1081:1097 a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties 1081:1140 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 6 73 theme extensive 1165:1173 arg1 production 1182:1191 extensive matrix production 1165:1191 extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin 1165:1366 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 4 74 theme Additional 792:801 arg1 use 803:805 Additional use 792:805 Additional use of osteogenic media components 792:836 Additional use of osteogenic media components resulted in an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8%. 28990579 7 75 theme osteogenic 1645:1654 arg1 markers 1656:1662 osteogenic markers 1645:1662 osteogenic markers 1645:1662 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 8 76 theme gelatin 1809:1815 arg1 basis 1786:1790 basis 1786:1790 basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid 1786:1835 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 6 77 theme material 1047:1054 arg1 characteristics 1056:1070 rheological material characteristics 1035:1070 rheological material characteristics 1035:1070 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 8 78 theme hyaluronic 1821:1830 arg1 acid 1832:1835 hyaluronic acid 1821:1835 hyaluronic acid 1821:1835 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 3 79 theme human 578:582 arg1 cells 605:609 primary human adipose-derived stem cells 570:609 primary human adipose-derived stem cells 570:609 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 4 80 theme module 873:878 arg1 increase 853:860 an increase 850:860 an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8% 850:897 Additional use of osteogenic media components resulted in an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8%. 28990579 5 81 theme media 992:996 arg1 components 998:1007 osteogenic media components 981:1007 osteogenic media components 981:1007 Similarly, the loss moduli was increased to 370% ± 122.1% under the influence of osteogenic media components and HAp. 28990579 7 82 theme grid 1511:1514 arg1 structure 1516:1524 the printed grid structure 1499:1524 the printed grid structure's integrity 1499:1536 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 6 83 theme encapsulated 1217:1228 arg1 cells 1230:1234 the encapsulated cells 1213:1234 the encapsulated cells 1213:1234 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 1 84 theme bone 143:146 arg1 engineering 155:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 6 85 theme hydrogel 1122:1129 arg1 properties 1131:1140 elastic and viscous hydrogel properties 1102:1140 elastic and viscous hydrogel properties 1102:1140 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 3 86 theme stem 600:603 arg1 cells 605:609 primary human adipose-derived stem cells 570:609 primary human adipose-derived stem cells 570:609 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 2 87 theme hydroxyapatite 499:512 arg1 % 535:535 5 wt% 531:535 5 wt% 531:535 In the present study, polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) were prepared. 28990579 2 87 theme hydroxyapatite 499:512 arg1 particles 520:528 hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles 499:528 hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) 499:536 In the present study, polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) were prepared. 28990579 6 88 theme matrix 1283:1288 arg1 components 1290:1299 bone matrix components 1278:1299 bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin 1278:1366 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 1 89 theme osteoconductive 334:348 arg1 features 350:357 the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features 299:357 the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features 299:357 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 7 90 theme matrix 1601:1606 arg1 formation 1608:1616 an intense matrix formation 1590:1616 an intense matrix formation 1590:1616 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 7 90 theme matrix 1601:1606 arg1 time 1569:1572 a culture time 1559:1572 a culture time of 28 d. Again 1559:1587 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 6 91 from change 1092:1097 arg1 properties 1131:1140 elastic and viscous hydrogel properties 1102:1140 elastic and viscous hydrogel properties 1102:1140 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 9 92 theme developed 2173:2181 arg1 hydrogels 2193:2201 the developed composite hydrogels 2169:2201 the developed composite hydrogels 2169:2201 This makes the developed composite hydrogels an excellent material for bone bioprinting approaches. 28990579 0 93 theme matrix 5:10 arg1 production 12:21 Bone matrix production 0:21 Bone matrix production in hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting. 0:89 Bone matrix production in hydroxyapatite-modified hydrogels suitable for bone bioprinting. 28990579 2 94 theme methacrylated 429:441 arg1 gelatin 443:449 methacrylated gelatin 429:449 methacrylated gelatin 429:449 In the present study, polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) were prepared. 28990579 6 95 theme alkaline 1331:1338 arg1 phosphatase 1340:1350 alkaline phosphatase 1331:1350 alkaline phosphatase 1331:1350 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 2 96 theme polymer 402:408 arg1 solutions 410:418 polymer solutions 402:418 polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) 402:536 In the present study, polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) were prepared. 28990579 8 97 theme positive 2008:2015 arg1 effect 2017:2022 a significant positive effect 1994:2022 a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling 1994:2064 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 2 98 theme hyaluronic 469:478 arg1 acid 480:483 methacrylated hyaluronic acid 455:483 methacrylated hyaluronic acid 455:483 In the present study, polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) were prepared. 28990579 3 99 theme HAp-containing 618:631 arg1 gels 633:636 the HAp-containing gels 614:636 the HAp-containing gels 614:636 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 6 100 from changes 1024:1030 arg1 characteristics 1056:1070 rheological material characteristics 1035:1070 rheological material characteristics 1035:1070 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 7 101 theme relevant 1436:1443 arg1 geometries 1445:1454 relevant geometries 1436:1454 relevant geometries 1436:1454 When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. 28990579 5 102 theme 370 944:946 arg1 % 947:947 % 947:947 % 947:947 Similarly, the loss moduli was increased to 370% ± 122.1% under the influence of osteogenic media components and HAp. 28990579 6 103 theme rheological 1035:1045 arg1 characteristics 1056:1070 rheological material characteristics 1035:1070 rheological material characteristics 1035:1070 Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. 28990579 3 104 link adipose-derived 584:598 arg1 cells 605:609 primary human adipose-derived stem cells 570:609 primary human adipose-derived stem cells 570:609 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 9 105 theme bioprinting 2234:2244 arg1 approaches 2246:2255 bone bioprinting approaches 2229:2255 bone bioprinting approaches 2229:2255 This makes the developed composite hydrogels an excellent material for bone bioprinting approaches. 28990579 1 106 theme mechanical 312:321 arg1 features 350:357 the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features 299:357 the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features 299:357 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 8 107 theme matrix 2032:2037 arg1 development 2039:2049 bone matrix development 2027:2049 bone matrix development 2027:2049 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 1 108 dep hand 216:219 arg1 possess 291:297 possess 291:297 possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features 291:357 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 28990579 3 109 theme storage 673:679 arg1 moduli 681:686 a storage moduli 671:686 a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp 671:789 Encapsulation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. 28990579 8 110 theme three-dimensional 1902:1918 arg1 geometries 1920:1929 relevant three-dimensional geometries 1893:1929 relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting 1893:1961 In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build-up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. 28990579 1 111 theme chosen 242:247 arg1 technique 258:266 the chosen printing technique 238:266 the chosen printing technique 238:266 Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. 27578567 6 0 theme enhanced 940:947 arg1 adhesion 959:966 enhanced HeLa cell adhesion 940:966 enhanced HeLa cell adhesion 940:966 In vitro cell-studies showed enhanced HeLa cell adhesion and proliferation on the MWCNT-alginate compared to alginate. 27578567 5 1 theme less 852:855 arg1 degradation 857:867 significantly less degradation 838:867 significantly less degradation 838:867 Resultant MWCNT-alginate gels were porous, and showed significantly less degradation after 14 days compared to alginate alone. 27578567 1 2 theme ionically 179:187 arg1 crosslinking 189:200 ionically crosslinking 179:200 ionically crosslinking 179:200 Alginate is a hydrogel commonly used for cell culture by ionically crosslinking in the presence of divalent Ca(2+) ions. 27578567 5 3 theme Resultant 784:792 arg1 gels 809:812 Resultant MWCNT-alginate gels 784:812 Resultant MWCNT-alginate gels 784:812 Resultant MWCNT-alginate gels were porous, and showed significantly less degradation after 14 days compared to alginate alone. 27578567 7 4 theme enhanced 1161:1168 arg1 formation 1183:1191 enhanced cell cluster formation 1161:1191 enhanced cell cluster formation 1161:1191 The extent of cell proliferation was greater when cultured atop 1 and 3 mg/ml MWCNT-alginate; although all MWCNT-alginates lead to enhanced cell cluster formation compared to alginate alone. 27578567 2 5 theme biological 355:364 arg1 bone 366:369 robust biological bone 348:369 robust biological bone 348:369 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 2 5 theme biological 355:364 arg1 cardiac 380:386 cardiac 380:386 cardiac 380:386 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 2 5 theme biological 355:364 arg1 tissues 397:403 tumor tissues 391:403 tumor tissues 391:403 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 2 5 theme biological 355:364 arg1 breast 372:377 breast 372:377 breast 372:377 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 9 6 theme cell 1472:1475 arg1 therapy 1477:1483 cell therapy 1472:1483 cell therapy 1472:1483 These results provide an important basis for the development of the MWCNT-alginates as novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering. 27578567 7 7 theme proliferation 1049:1061 arg1 greater 1067:1073 greater 1067:1073 greater 1067:1073 The extent of cell proliferation was greater when cultured atop 1 and 3 mg/ml MWCNT-alginate; although all MWCNT-alginates lead to enhanced cell cluster formation compared to alginate alone. 27578567 7 7 theme proliferation 1049:1061 arg1 extent 1034:1039 The extent 1030:1039 The extent of cell proliferation 1030:1061 The extent of cell proliferation was greater when cultured atop 1 and 3 mg/ml MWCNT-alginate; although all MWCNT-alginates lead to enhanced cell cluster formation compared to alginate alone. 27578567 4 8 theme mechanical 699:708 arg1 characteristics 735:749 distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 675:749 distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 675:749 We hypothesized that adding functionalized MWCNT to alginate, would yield composite gels with distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics in comparison to alginate alone. 27578567 2 9 theme robust 348:353 arg1 bone 366:369 robust biological bone 348:369 robust biological bone 348:369 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 2 9 theme robust 348:353 arg1 cardiac 380:386 cardiac 380:386 cardiac 380:386 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 2 9 theme robust 348:353 arg1 tissues 397:403 tumor tissues 391:403 tumor tissues 391:403 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 2 9 theme robust 348:353 arg1 breast 372:377 breast 372:377 breast 372:377 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 3 10 theme carbon 468:473 arg1 MWCNT 486:490 MWCNT 486:490 MWCNT 486:490 This issue can be addressed via encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate. 27578567 3 10 theme carbon 468:473 arg1 nanotubes 475:483 multi-walled carbon nanotubes 455:483 multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate 455:578 This issue can be addressed via encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate. 27578567 2 11 theme tumor 391:395 arg1 bone 366:369 robust biological bone 348:369 robust biological bone 348:369 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 2 11 theme tumor 391:395 arg1 tissues 397:403 tumor tissues 391:403 tumor tissues 391:403 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 8 12 theme 1 mg/ml 1256:1262 arg1 gels 1264:1267 the 1 mg/ml gels 1252:1267 the 1 mg/ml gels 1252:1267 Among all the MWCNT-alginates, the 1 mg/ml gels showed significantly greater stiffness compared to all other cases. 27578567 9 13 theme important 1362:1370 arg1 basis 1372:1376 an important basis 1359:1376 an important basis for the development of the MWCNT-alginates as novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering 1359:1506 These results provide an important basis for the development of the MWCNT-alginates as novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering. 27578567 5 14 theme MWCNT-alginate 794:807 arg1 gels 809:812 Resultant MWCNT-alginate gels 784:812 Resultant MWCNT-alginate gels 784:812 Resultant MWCNT-alginate gels were porous, and showed significantly less degradation after 14 days compared to alginate alone. 27578567 9 15 theme tissue 1489:1494 arg1 engineering 1496:1506 tissue engineering 1489:1506 tissue engineering 1489:1506 These results provide an important basis for the development of the MWCNT-alginates as novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering. 27578567 3 16 theme continuous 551:560 arg1 phase 562:566 a continuous phase 549:566 a continuous phase of alginate 549:578 This issue can be addressed via encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate. 27578567 6 17 theme In 911:912 arg1 cell-studies 920:931 In vitro cell-studies 911:931 In vitro cell-studies 911:931 In vitro cell-studies showed enhanced HeLa cell adhesion and proliferation on the MWCNT-alginate compared to alginate. 27578567 4 18 theme composite 655:663 arg1 gels 665:668 composite gels 655:668 composite gels with distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 655:749 We hypothesized that adding functionalized MWCNT to alginate, would yield composite gels with distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics in comparison to alginate alone. 27578567 0 19 theme multi-walled 30:41 arg1 alginate 65:72 functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate 15:72 functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate 15:72 Development of functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate hydrogels for enabling biomimetic technologies. 27578567 4 20 dep yield 649:653 arg1 adding 602:607 adding 602:607 adding functionalized MWCNT to alginate 602:640 We hypothesized that adding functionalized MWCNT to alginate, would yield composite gels with distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics in comparison to alginate alone. 27578567 3 21 theme multi-walled 455:466 arg1 MWCNT 486:490 MWCNT 486:490 MWCNT 486:490 This issue can be addressed via encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate. 27578567 3 21 theme multi-walled 455:466 arg1 nanotubes 475:483 multi-walled carbon nanotubes 455:483 multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate 455:578 This issue can be addressed via encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate. 27578567 0 22 theme functionalized 15:28 arg1 alginate 65:72 functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate 15:72 functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate 15:72 Development of functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate hydrogels for enabling biomimetic technologies. 27578567 7 23 theme 3 mg/ml 1100:1106 arg1 MWCNT-alginate 1108:1121 3 mg/ml MWCNT-alginate 1100:1121 3 mg/ml MWCNT-alginate 1100:1121 The extent of cell proliferation was greater when cultured atop 1 and 3 mg/ml MWCNT-alginate; although all MWCNT-alginates lead to enhanced cell cluster formation compared to alginate alone. 27578567 4 24 with gels 665:668 arg1 characteristics 735:749 distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 675:749 distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 675:749 We hypothesized that adding functionalized MWCNT to alginate, would yield composite gels with distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics in comparison to alginate alone. 27578567 4 25 theme different 689:697 arg1 characteristics 735:749 distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 675:749 distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 675:749 We hypothesized that adding functionalized MWCNT to alginate, would yield composite gels with distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics in comparison to alginate alone. 27578567 1 26 theme Ca 230:231 arg1 ions 237:240 divalent Ca(2+) ions 221:240 divalent Ca(2+) ions 221:240 Alginate is a hydrogel commonly used for cell culture by ionically crosslinking in the presence of divalent Ca(2+) ions. 27578567 0 27 theme alginate 65:72 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate 0:72 Development of functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate hydrogels for enabling biomimetic technologies. 27578567 8 28 theme greater 1290:1296 arg1 stiffness 1298:1306 significantly greater stiffness 1276:1306 significantly greater stiffness 1276:1306 Among all the MWCNT-alginates, the 1 mg/ml gels showed significantly greater stiffness compared to all other cases. 27578567 8 29 theme other 1324:1328 arg1 cases 1330:1334 all other cases 1320:1334 all other cases 1320:1334 Among all the MWCNT-alginates, the 1 mg/ml gels showed significantly greater stiffness compared to all other cases. 27578567 0 30 theme carbon-nanotube-based 43:63 arg1 alginate 65:72 functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate 15:72 functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate 15:72 Development of functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate hydrogels for enabling biomimetic technologies. 27578567 9 31 theme novel 1424:1428 arg1 substrates 1430:1439 novel substrates 1424:1439 novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering 1424:1506 These results provide an important basis for the development of the MWCNT-alginates as novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering. 27578567 9 32 theme cell 1445:1448 arg1 applications 1458:1469 cell culture applications 1445:1469 cell culture applications 1445:1469 These results provide an important basis for the development of the MWCNT-alginates as novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering. 27578567 7 33 theme cell 1044:1047 arg1 proliferation 1049:1061 cell proliferation 1044:1061 cell proliferation 1044:1061 The extent of cell proliferation was greater when cultured atop 1 and 3 mg/ml MWCNT-alginate; although all MWCNT-alginates lead to enhanced cell cluster formation compared to alginate alone. 27578567 1 34 theme 2+ 233:234 arg1 ions 237:240 divalent Ca(2+) ions 221:240 divalent Ca(2+) ions 221:240 Alginate is a hydrogel commonly used for cell culture by ionically crosslinking in the presence of divalent Ca(2+) ions. 27578567 7 35 theme cell 1170:1173 arg1 formation 1183:1191 enhanced cell cluster formation 1161:1191 enhanced cell cluster formation 1161:1191 The extent of cell proliferation was greater when cultured atop 1 and 3 mg/ml MWCNT-alginate; although all MWCNT-alginates lead to enhanced cell cluster formation compared to alginate alone. 27578567 9 36 theme MWCNT-alginates 1405:1419 arg1 development 1386:1396 the development 1382:1396 the development of the MWCNT-alginates as novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering 1382:1506 These results provide an important basis for the development of the MWCNT-alginates as novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering. 27578567 6 37 from adhesion 959:966 arg1 MWCNT-alginate 993:1006 the MWCNT-alginate 989:1006 the MWCNT-alginate 989:1006 In vitro cell-studies showed enhanced HeLa cell adhesion and proliferation on the MWCNT-alginate compared to alginate. 27578567 6 38 from proliferation 972:984 arg1 MWCNT-alginate 993:1006 the MWCNT-alginate 989:1006 the MWCNT-alginate 989:1006 In vitro cell-studies showed enhanced HeLa cell adhesion and proliferation on the MWCNT-alginate compared to alginate. 27578567 3 39 dep phase 518:522 arg1 dispersed 536:544 dispersed 536:544 being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate 530:578 This issue can be addressed via encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate. 27578567 7 40 theme cluster 1175:1181 arg1 formation 1183:1191 enhanced cell cluster formation 1161:1191 enhanced cell cluster formation 1161:1191 The extent of cell proliferation was greater when cultured atop 1 and 3 mg/ml MWCNT-alginate; although all MWCNT-alginates lead to enhanced cell cluster formation compared to alginate alone. 27578567 3 41 theme alginate 571:578 arg1 phase 562:566 a continuous phase 549:566 a continuous phase of alginate 549:578 This issue can be addressed via encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate. 27578567 4 42 theme biological 724:733 arg1 characteristics 735:749 distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 675:749 distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 675:749 We hypothesized that adding functionalized MWCNT to alginate, would yield composite gels with distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics in comparison to alginate alone. 27578567 6 43 theme cell 954:957 arg1 adhesion 959:966 enhanced HeLa cell adhesion 940:966 enhanced HeLa cell adhesion 940:966 In vitro cell-studies showed enhanced HeLa cell adhesion and proliferation on the MWCNT-alginate compared to alginate. 27578567 4 44 theme physical 711:718 arg1 characteristics 735:749 distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 675:749 distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics 675:749 We hypothesized that adding functionalized MWCNT to alginate, would yield composite gels with distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics in comparison to alginate alone. 27578567 3 45 theme nanotubes 475:483 arg1 encapsulation 438:450 encapsulation 438:450 encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate 438:578 This issue can be addressed via encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate. 27578567 1 46 theme cell 163:166 arg1 culture 168:174 cell culture 163:174 cell culture 163:174 Alginate is a hydrogel commonly used for cell culture by ionically crosslinking in the presence of divalent Ca(2+) ions. 27578567 1 47 theme ions 237:240 arg1 presence 209:216 the presence 205:216 the presence of divalent Ca(2+) ions 205:240 Alginate is a hydrogel commonly used for cell culture by ionically crosslinking in the presence of divalent Ca(2+) ions. 27578567 0 48 theme biomimetic 97:106 arg1 technologies 108:119 biomimetic technologies 97:119 biomimetic technologies 97:119 Development of functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate hydrogels for enabling biomimetic technologies. 27578567 2 49 theme alginate 257:264 arg1 gels 266:269 these alginate gels 251:269 these alginate gels 251:269 However these alginate gels are mechanically unstable, not permitting their use as scaffolds to engineer robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues. 27578567 1 50 theme divalent 221:228 arg1 ions 237:240 divalent Ca(2+) ions 221:240 divalent Ca(2+) ions 221:240 Alginate is a hydrogel commonly used for cell culture by ionically crosslinking in the presence of divalent Ca(2+) ions. 27578567 4 51 theme functionalized 609:622 arg1 MWCNT 624:628 functionalized MWCNT 609:628 functionalized MWCNT 609:628 We hypothesized that adding functionalized MWCNT to alginate, would yield composite gels with distinctively different mechanical, physical and biological characteristics in comparison to alginate alone. 27578567 6 52 theme HeLa 949:952 arg1 adhesion 959:966 enhanced HeLa cell adhesion 940:966 enhanced HeLa cell adhesion 940:966 In vitro cell-studies showed enhanced HeLa cell adhesion and proliferation on the MWCNT-alginate compared to alginate. 27578567 9 53 theme culture 1450:1456 arg1 applications 1458:1469 cell culture applications 1445:1469 cell culture applications 1445:1469 These results provide an important basis for the development of the MWCNT-alginates as novel substrates for cell culture applications, cell therapy and tissue engineering. 27578567 3 54 theme reinforcing 506:516 arg1 phase 518:522 a reinforcing phase 504:522 a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate 504:578 This issue can be addressed via encapsulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) serving as a reinforcing phase while being dispersed in a continuous phase of alginate. 27578567 6 55 dep In 911:912 arg1 vitro 914:918 vitro 914:918 vitro 914:918 In vitro cell-studies showed enhanced HeLa cell adhesion and proliferation on the MWCNT-alginate compared to alginate. 28699866 2 0 theme novel 101:105 arg1 strain 117:122 A novel bacterial strain 99:122 A novel bacterial strain 99:122 A novel bacterial strain, designated S5H2222T, was isolated form the screen of a cellular phone. 28699866 6 1 theme rRNA 608:611 arg1 similarity 627:636 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 599:636 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %) 599:779 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 12 2 theme phenotypic 1402:1411 arg1 characterizations 1427:1443 the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations 1398:1443 the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations 1398:1443 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 6 3 theme gene 516:519 arg1 sequences 521:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 12 4 dep Lysinibacillus 1552:1565 arg1 telephonicus 1567:1578 telephonicus 1567:1578 telephonicus 1567:1578 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 7 5 theme 55  929:931 arg1 % 932:932 57, 64 and 55 % 918:932 % 932:932 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 7 5 theme 55  929:931 arg1 relatedness 794:804 The DNA-DNA relatedness 782:804 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 782:912 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 12 6 dep results 1387:1393 arg1 the 1370:1372 the 1370:1372 the 1370:1372 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 12 6 dep results 1387:1393 arg1 basis 1374:1378 basis 1374:1378 basis 1374:1378 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 7 7 theme JCM 841:843 arg1 19611T 845:850 L. halotolerans JCM 19611T 825:850 L. halotolerans JCM 19611T 825:850 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 6 8 theme rRNA 511:514 arg1 sequences 521:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 12 9 theme Lysinibacillus 1552:1565 arg1 sp 1580:1581 the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp 1543:1581 the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp 1543:1581 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 6 10 theme Lysinibacillus 687:700 arg1 % 730:730 97.4 % 725:730 97.4 % 725:730 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 6 10 theme Lysinibacillus 687:700 arg1 2RL3-2T 716:722 Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T 687:722 Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) 687:731 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 4 11 from colonies 319:326 arg1 agar 346:349 trypticase soy agar 331:349 trypticase soy agar 331:349 S5H2222T grew as pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar and the best growth was observed at 37 °C (10-55 °C) and at pH 7.0 (5.0-9.0). 28699866 14 12 theme type 1606:1609 arg1 strain 1611:1616 The type strain 1602:1616 The type strain 1602:1616 The type strain is S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T). 28699866 14 12 theme type 1606:1609 arg1 S5H2222T 1621:1628 S5H2222T 1621:1628 S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T) 1621:1664 The type strain is S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T). 28699866 10 13 theme main 1131:1134 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1154:1175 diphosphatidylglycerol 1154:1175 diphosphatidylglycerol 1154:1175 MK-7 was the only menaquinone and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified polar lipids were also present. 28699866 10 13 theme main 1131:1134 arg1 lipids 1142:1147 the main polar lipids 1127:1147 the main polar lipids 1127:1147 MK-7 was the only menaquinone and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified polar lipids were also present. 28699866 4 14 theme best 359:362 arg1 growth 364:369 the best growth 355:369 the best growth 355:369 S5H2222T grew as pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar and the best growth was observed at 37 °C (10-55 °C) and at pH 7.0 (5.0-9.0). 28699866 6 15 dep Lysinibacillus 641:654 arg1 halotolerans 656:667 halotolerans 656:667 halotolerans 656:667 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 6 16 theme 16S 604:606 arg1 similarity 627:636 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 599:636 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %) 599:779 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 5 17 dep % 462:462 arg1 10  459:461 10  459:461 10  459:461 S5H2222T could tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 28699866 5 17 dep % 462:462 arg1 w/v 465:467 w/v 465:467 w/v 465:467 S5H2222T could tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 28699866 7 18 theme halotolerans 828:839 arg1 19611T 845:850 L. halotolerans JCM 19611T 825:850 L. halotolerans JCM 19611T 825:850 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 8 19 theme genomic 952:958 arg1 % 988:988 39.8 mol% 980:988 39.8 mol% 980:988 The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 28699866 8 19 theme genomic 952:958 arg1 content 968:974 The genomic DNA G+C content 948:974 The genomic DNA G+C content 948:974 The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 28699866 6 20 theme high 599:602 arg1 similarity 627:636 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 599:636 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %) 599:779 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 7 21 theme strain 813:818 arg1 % 932:932 57, 64 and 55 % 918:932 % 932:932 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 7 21 theme strain 813:818 arg1 relatedness 794:804 The DNA-DNA relatedness 782:804 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 782:912 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 7 22 theme L. 825:826 arg1 19611T 845:850 L. halotolerans JCM 19611T 825:850 L. halotolerans JCM 19611T 825:850 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 7 23 with relatedness 794:804 arg1 16611T 907:912 L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 886:912 L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 886:912 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 7 23 with relatedness 794:804 arg1 16626T 875:880 16626T 875:880 16626T 875:880 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 7 23 with relatedness 794:804 arg1 19611T 845:850 L. halotolerans JCM 19611T 825:850 L. halotolerans JCM 19611T 825:850 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 10 24 theme polar 1247:1251 arg1 lipids 1253:1258 four unidentified polar lipids 1229:1258 four unidentified polar lipids 1229:1258 MK-7 was the only menaquinone and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified polar lipids were also present. 28699866 12 25 theme genus 1511:1515 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1517:1530 the genus Lysinibacillus 1507:1530 the genus Lysinibacillus 1507:1530 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 5 26 dep 10  459:461 arg1 to 456:457 to 456:457 to 456:457 S5H2222T could tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 28699866 9 27 theme S5H2222T 1016:1023 arg1  0 1039:1040  0 1039:1040  0 1039:1040 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 27 theme S5H2222T 1016:1023 arg1 iso-C15  1030:1037 iso-C15  1030:1037 iso-C15  1030:1037 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 27 theme S5H2222T 1016:1023 arg1 acids 1007:1011 The major fatty acids 991:1011 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T 991:1023 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 6 28 theme chungkukjangi 702:714 arg1 % 730:730 97.4 % 725:730 97.4 % 725:730 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 6 28 theme chungkukjangi 702:714 arg1 2RL3-2T 716:722 Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T 687:722 Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) 687:731 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 4 29 theme soy 342:344 arg1 agar 346:349 trypticase soy agar 331:349 trypticase soy agar 331:349 S5H2222T grew as pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar and the best growth was observed at 37 °C (10-55 °C) and at pH 7.0 (5.0-9.0). 28699866 11 30 theme amino 1294:1298 arg1 acids 1300:1304 The diagnostic amino acids 1279:1304 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan 1279:1335 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α). 28699866 0 31 theme telephonicus 30:41 arg1 sp 43:44 Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp 15:44 Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp 15:44 Description of Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 10 32 theme unidentified 1234:1245 arg1 lipids 1253:1258 four unidentified polar lipids 1229:1258 four unidentified polar lipids 1229:1258 MK-7 was the only menaquinone and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified polar lipids were also present. 28699866 4 33 theme trypticase 331:340 arg1 agar 346:349 trypticase soy agar 331:349 trypticase soy agar 331:349 S5H2222T grew as pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar and the best growth was observed at 37 °C (10-55 °C) and at pH 7.0 (5.0-9.0). 28699866 1 34 theme cellular 83:90 arg1 phone 92:96 a cellular phone 81:96 a cellular phone 81:96 nov., isolated from the screen of a cellular phone. 28699866 10 35 theme only 1106:1109 arg1 MK-7 1093:1096 MK-7 1093:1096 MK-7 1093:1096 MK-7 was the only menaquinone and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified polar lipids were also present. 28699866 10 35 theme only 1106:1109 arg1 menaquinone 1111:1121 the only menaquinone 1102:1121 the only menaquinone 1102:1121 MK-7 was the only menaquinone and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified polar lipids were also present. 28699866 11 36 from acids 1300:1304 arg1 peptidoglycan 1323:1335 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1309:1335 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1309:1335 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α). 28699866 0 37 theme Lysinibacillus 15:28 arg1 sp 43:44 Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp 15:44 Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp 15:44 Description of Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 12 38 theme characterizations 1427:1443 arg1 results 1387:1393 the results 1383:1393 the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations 1383:1443 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 6 39 theme Lysinibacillus 641:654 arg1 % 683:683 97.8 % 678:683 97.8 % 678:683 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 6 39 theme Lysinibacillus 641:654 arg1 LAM612T 669:675 Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T 641:675 Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %) 641:684 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 11 40 contain contained 1337:1345 arg2 Lys-Asp 1347:1353 Lys-Asp 1347:1353 Lys-Asp (type A4α) 1347:1364 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α). 28699866 11 40 contain contained 1337:1345 arg2 A4α 1361:1363 type A4α 1356:1363 type A4α 1356:1363 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α). 28699866 11 40 contain contained 1337:1345 arg1 acids 1300:1304 The diagnostic amino acids 1279:1304 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan 1279:1335 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α). 28699866 1 41 theme phone 92:96 arg1 screen 71:76 the screen 67:76 the screen of a cellular phone 67:96 nov., isolated from the screen of a cellular phone. 28699866 6 42 theme genus 561:565 arg1 Lysinibacillus 567:580 the genus Lysinibacillus 557:580 the genus Lysinibacillus 557:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 9 43 dep  0 1039:1040 arg1  0 1069:1070  0 1069:1070  0 1069:1070 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 43 dep  0 1039:1040 arg1  0 1056:1057  0 1056:1057  0 1056:1057 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 43 dep  0 1039:1040 arg1  0 1089:1090  0 1089:1090  0 1089:1090 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 43 dep  0 1039:1040 arg1 anteiso-C17  1076:1087 anteiso-C17  1076:1087 anteiso-C17  1076:1087 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 12 44 theme genotypic 1417:1425 arg1 characterizations 1427:1443 the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations 1398:1443 the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations 1398:1443 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 6 45 theme sinduriensis 752:763 arg1 % 778:778 97.2 % 773:778 97.2 % 773:778 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 6 45 theme sinduriensis 752:763 arg1 BLB-1T 765:770 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T 737:770 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %) 737:779 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 11 46 theme diagnostic 1283:1292 arg1 acids 1300:1304 The diagnostic amino acids 1279:1304 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan 1279:1335 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α). 28699866 4 47 located observed 375:382 arg2 growth 364:369 the best growth 355:369 the best growth 355:369 S5H2222T grew as pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar and the best growth was observed at 37 °C (10-55 °C) and at pH 7.0 (5.0-9.0). 28699866 4 47 located observed 375:382 arg1 10-55 °C 394:401 10-55 °C 394:401 10-55 °C 394:401 S5H2222T grew as pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar and the best growth was observed at 37 °C (10-55 °C) and at pH 7.0 (5.0-9.0). 28699866 4 47 located observed 375:382 arg1 37 °C 387:391 37 °C 387:391 37 °C (10-55 °C) 387:402 S5H2222T grew as pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar and the best growth was observed at 37 °C (10-55 °C) and at pH 7.0 (5.0-9.0). 28699866 0 48 theme sp 43:44 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 0:45 Description of Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 6 49 theme Lysinibacillus 737:750 arg1 % 778:778 97.2 % 773:778 97.2 % 773:778 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 6 49 theme Lysinibacillus 737:750 arg1 BLB-1T 765:770 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T 737:770 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %) 737:779 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 7 50 theme L. 886:887 arg1 16611T 907:912 L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 886:912 L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 886:912 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 9 51 theme major 995:999 arg1  0 1039:1040  0 1039:1040  0 1039:1040 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 51 theme major 995:999 arg1 iso-C15  1030:1037 iso-C15  1030:1037 iso-C15  1030:1037 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 51 theme major 995:999 arg1 acids 1007:1011 The major fatty acids 991:1011 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T 991:1023 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 8 52 theme DNA 960:962 arg1 % 988:988 39.8 mol% 980:988 39.8 mol% 980:988 The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 28699866 8 52 theme DNA 960:962 arg1 content 968:974 The genomic DNA G+C content 948:974 The genomic DNA G+C content 948:974 The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 28699866 11 53 theme wall 1318:1321 arg1 peptidoglycan 1323:1335 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1309:1335 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1309:1335 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α). 28699866 2 54 theme phone 189:193 arg1 screen 168:173 the screen 164:173 the screen of a cellular phone 164:193 A novel bacterial strain, designated S5H2222T, was isolated form the screen of a cellular phone. 28699866 7 55 theme sinduriensis 889:900 arg1 16611T 907:912 L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 886:912 L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 886:912 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 14 56 theme =MCC 1631:1634 arg1 29294T 1658:1663 =MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T 1631:1663 =MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T 1631:1663 The type strain is S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T). 28699866 14 56 theme =MCC 1631:1634 arg1 S5H2222T 1621:1628 S5H2222T 1621:1628 S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T) 1621:1664 The type strain is S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T). 28699866 7 57 theme 57 918:919 arg1 % 932:932 57, 64 and 55 % 918:932 % 932:932 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 7 57 theme 57 918:919 arg1 relatedness 794:804 The DNA-DNA relatedness 782:804 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 782:912 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 2 58 theme cellular 180:187 arg1 phone 189:193 a cellular phone 178:193 a cellular phone 178:193 A novel bacterial strain, designated S5H2222T, was isolated form the screen of a cellular phone. 28699866 4 59 theme white 313:317 arg1 colonies 319:326 pale white colonies 308:326 pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar 308:349 S5H2222T grew as pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar and the best growth was observed at 37 °C (10-55 °C) and at pH 7.0 (5.0-9.0). 28699866 7 60 theme DNA-DNA 786:792 arg1 % 932:932 57, 64 and 55 % 918:932 % 932:932 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 7 60 theme DNA-DNA 786:792 arg1 relatedness 794:804 The DNA-DNA relatedness 782:804 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 782:912 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 12 61 theme name 1547:1550 arg1 sp 1580:1581 the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp 1543:1581 the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp 1543:1581 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 7 62 theme KACC 902:905 arg1 16611T 907:912 L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 886:912 L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T 886:912 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the strain with L. halotolerans JCM 19611T, L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T and L. sinduriensis KACC 16611T was 57, 64 and 55 % respectively. 28699866 12 63 theme Lysinibacillus 1517:1530 arg1 species 1496:1502 a novel species 1488:1502 a novel species 1488:1502 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 11 64 theme type 1356:1359 arg1 Lys-Asp 1347:1353 Lys-Asp 1347:1353 Lys-Asp (type A4α) 1347:1364 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α). 28699866 11 64 theme type 1356:1359 arg1 A4α 1361:1363 type A4α 1356:1363 type A4α 1356:1363 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α). 28699866 4 65 theme pale 308:311 arg1 colonies 319:326 pale white colonies 308:326 pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar 308:349 S5H2222T grew as pale white colonies on trypticase soy agar and the best growth was observed at 37 °C (10-55 °C) and at pH 7.0 (5.0-9.0). 28699866 12 66 theme novel 1490:1494 arg1 species 1496:1502 a novel species 1488:1502 a novel species 1488:1502 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, it was concluded that S5H2222T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus telephonicus sp. 28699866 9 67 theme fatty 1001:1005 arg1  0 1039:1040  0 1039:1040  0 1039:1040 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 67 theme fatty 1001:1005 arg1 iso-C15  1030:1037 iso-C15  1030:1037 iso-C15  1030:1037 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 67 theme fatty 1001:1005 arg1 acids 1007:1011 The major fatty acids 991:1011 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T 991:1023 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 8 68 theme G+C 964:966 arg1 % 988:988 39.8 mol% 980:988 39.8 mol% 980:988 The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 28699866 8 68 theme G+C 964:966 arg1 content 968:974 The genomic DNA G+C content 948:974 The genomic DNA G+C content 948:974 The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 28699866 10 69 theme polar 1136:1140 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1154:1175 diphosphatidylglycerol 1154:1175 diphosphatidylglycerol 1154:1175 MK-7 was the only menaquinone and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified polar lipids were also present. 28699866 10 69 theme polar 1136:1140 arg1 lipids 1142:1147 the main polar lipids 1127:1147 the main polar lipids 1127:1147 MK-7 was the only menaquinone and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified polar lipids were also present. 28699866 8 70 theme 39.8 mol 980:987 arg1 % 988:988 39.8 mol% 980:988 39.8 mol% 980:988 The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 28699866 8 70 theme 39.8 mol 980:987 arg1 content 968:974 The genomic DNA G+C content 948:974 The genomic DNA G+C content 948:974 The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 28699866 6 71 theme 16S 507:509 arg1 sequences 521:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 6 72 theme sequence 618:625 arg1 similarity 627:636 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 599:636 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %) 599:779 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 14 73 theme 18714T=LMG 1647:1656 arg1 29294T 1658:1663 =MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T 1631:1663 =MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T 1631:1663 The type strain is S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T). 28699866 14 73 theme 18714T=LMG 1647:1656 arg1 S5H2222T 1621:1628 S5H2222T 1621:1628 S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T) 1621:1664 The type strain is S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T). 28699866 9 74 dep iso-C15  1030:1037 arg1  0 1039:1040  0 1039:1040  0 1039:1040 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 74 dep iso-C15  1030:1037 arg1 iso-C15  1030:1037 iso-C15  1030:1037 iso-C15  1030:1037 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 9 74 dep iso-C15  1030:1037 arg1 acids 1007:1011 The major fatty acids 991:1011 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T 991:1023 The major fatty acids of S5H2222T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28699866 2 75 theme bacterial 107:115 arg1 strain 117:122 A novel bacterial strain 99:122 A novel bacterial strain 99:122 A novel bacterial strain, designated S5H2222T, was isolated form the screen of a cellular phone. 28699866 6 76 theme Phylogenetic 476:487 arg1 analysis 489:496 Phylogenetic analysis 476:496 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 476:529 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 6 77 theme gene 613:616 arg1 similarity 627:636 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 599:636 high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %) 599:779 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within the genus Lysinibacillus and it exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612T (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (97.4 %) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T (97.2 %). 28699866 14 78 theme 3065T=KACC 1636:1645 arg1 29294T 1658:1663 =MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T 1631:1663 =MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T 1631:1663 The type strain is S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T). 28699866 14 78 theme 3065T=KACC 1636:1645 arg1 S5H2222T 1621:1628 S5H2222T 1621:1628 S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T) 1621:1664 The type strain is S5H2222T (=MCC 3065T=KACC 18714T=LMG 29294T). 28699866 5 79 dep NaCl 470:473 arg1 % 462:462 % 462:462 % 462:462 S5H2222T could tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 28699866 11 80 theme cell 1313:1316 arg1 peptidoglycan 1323:1335 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1309:1335 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1309:1335 The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α). 24745344 5 0 theme soluble 1136:1142 arg1 BIT 1153:1155 BIT 1153:1155 BIT 1153:1155 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 0 theme soluble 1136:1142 arg1 factors 1144:1150 soluble factors 1136:1150 soluble factors (BIT) 1136:1156 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 9 1 theme nasal 1717:1721 arg1 cartilage 1723:1731 nasal cartilage 1717:1731 nasal cartilage 1717:1731 Thereby, chondrocytes associated with the agarose hydrogel will colonize Medpor and synthesize an extracellular matrix characteristic of nasal cartilage. 24745344 9 2 theme matrix 1692:1697 arg1 characteristic 1699:1712 an extracellular matrix characteristic 1675:1712 an extracellular matrix characteristic of nasal cartilage 1675:1731 Thereby, chondrocytes associated with the agarose hydrogel will colonize Medpor and synthesize an extracellular matrix characteristic of nasal cartilage. 24745344 4 3 theme nasal 668:672 arg1 chondrocytes 674:685 human nasal chondrocytes 662:685 human nasal chondrocytes 662:685 Thus, in order to produce an implantable cartilaginous model, we developed a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial and studied at the molecular, cellular and tissue level the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model. 24745344 5 4 theme bone 1159:1162 arg1 BMP-2 1189:1193 BMP-2 1189:1193 BMP-2 1189:1193 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 4 theme bone 1159:1162 arg1 MATERIALS 845:853 MATERIALS 845:853 MATERIALS 845:853 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 4 theme bone 1159:1162 arg1 protein-2 1178:1186 bone morphogenetic protein-2 1159:1186 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 1159:1194 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 8 5 theme chondrogenic 1558:1569 arg1 markers 1571:1577 mature chondrogenic markers 1551:1577 mature chondrogenic markers 1551:1577 However, our results show that the BIT cocktail induces redifferentiation of chondrocytes cultured in agarose/Medpor with synthesis of mature chondrogenic markers. 24745344 6 6 theme phenotype 1263:1271 arg1 quality 1236:1242 The quality 1232:1242 The quality of the chondrocyte phenotype 1232:1271 The quality of the chondrocyte phenotype was analyzed by PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. 24745344 1 7 theme STUDY 156:160 arg1 reconstruction 168:181 THE STUDY Nasal reconstruction 152:181 THE STUDY Nasal reconstruction 152:181 AIM OF THE STUDY Nasal reconstruction remains a challenge for any surgeon. 24745344 5 8 theme morphogenetic 1164:1176 arg1 BMP-2 1189:1193 BMP-2 1189:1193 BMP-2 1189:1193 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 8 theme morphogenetic 1164:1176 arg1 MATERIALS 845:853 MATERIALS 845:853 MATERIALS 845:853 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 8 theme morphogenetic 1164:1176 arg1 protein-2 1178:1186 bone morphogenetic protein-2 1159:1186 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 1159:1194 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 8 9 theme mature 1551:1556 arg1 markers 1571:1577 mature chondrogenic markers 1551:1577 mature chondrogenic markers 1551:1577 However, our results show that the BIT cocktail induces redifferentiation of chondrocytes cultured in agarose/Medpor with synthesis of mature chondrogenic markers. 24745344 6 10 theme chondrocyte 1251:1261 arg1 phenotype 1263:1271 the chondrocyte phenotype 1247:1271 the chondrocyte phenotype 1247:1271 The quality of the chondrocyte phenotype was analyzed by PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. 24745344 10 11 theme first 1807:1811 arg1 results 1825:1831 the first interesting results 1803:1831 the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction 1803:1856 CONCLUSION This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol provides the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction. 24745344 4 12 theme composite 709:717 arg1 biomaterial 719:729 a composite biomaterial 707:729 a composite biomaterial 707:729 Thus, in order to produce an implantable cartilaginous model, we developed a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial and studied at the molecular, cellular and tissue level the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model. 24745344 10 13 theme engineering 1773:1783 arg1 protocol 1785:1792 This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol 1745:1792 This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol 1745:1792 CONCLUSION This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol provides the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction. 24745344 7 14 from amplification 1358:1370 arg1 chondrocytes 1386:1397 chondrocytes 1386:1397 chondrocytes 1386:1397 RESULTS During their amplification in monolayer, chondrocytes dedifferentiate. 24745344 7 14 from amplification 1358:1370 arg1 monolayer 1375:1383 monolayer 1375:1383 monolayer 1375:1383 RESULTS During their amplification in monolayer, chondrocytes dedifferentiate. 24745344 8 15 theme markers 1571:1577 arg1 synthesis 1538:1546 synthesis 1538:1546 synthesis of mature chondrogenic markers 1538:1577 However, our results show that the BIT cocktail induces redifferentiation of chondrocytes cultured in agarose/Medpor with synthesis of mature chondrogenic markers. 24745344 9 16 theme cartilage 1723:1731 arg1 characteristic 1699:1712 an extracellular matrix characteristic 1675:1712 an extracellular matrix characteristic of nasal cartilage 1675:1731 Thereby, chondrocytes associated with the agarose hydrogel will colonize Medpor and synthesize an extracellular matrix characteristic of nasal cartilage. 24745344 4 17 theme growth 688:693 arg1 factors 695:701 growth factors 688:701 growth factors 688:701 Thus, in order to produce an implantable cartilaginous model, we developed a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial and studied at the molecular, cellular and tissue level the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model. 24745344 0 18 theme polyethylene 117:128 arg1 combination 89:99 combination 89:99 combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel 89:141 [Reconstruction of nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique based on combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel]. 24745344 5 19 theme agarose/high 1050:1061 arg1 polyethylene 1071:1082 agarose/high density polyethylene 1050:1082 agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®) 1050:1093 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 4 20 theme study 637:641 arg1 protocol 643:650 a study protocol 635:650 a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial 635:729 Thus, in order to produce an implantable cartilaginous model, we developed a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial and studied at the molecular, cellular and tissue level the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model. 24745344 1 21 theme Nasal 162:166 arg1 reconstruction 168:181 THE STUDY Nasal reconstruction 152:181 THE STUDY Nasal reconstruction 152:181 AIM OF THE STUDY Nasal reconstruction remains a challenge for any surgeon. 24745344 0 22 theme high-density 104:115 arg1 polyethylene 117:128 high-density polyethylene 104:128 high-density polyethylene 104:128 [Reconstruction of nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique based on combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel]. 24745344 5 23 theme density 1063:1069 arg1 polyethylene 1071:1082 agarose/high density polyethylene 1050:1082 agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®) 1050:1093 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 2 24 theme oncologic 276:284 arg1 trauma 297:302 trauma 297:302 trauma 297:302 The surgical indications for nasal reconstruction after oncologic resection, trauma or as part of cosmetic rhinoplasty, are steadily increasing. 24745344 2 24 theme oncologic 276:284 arg1 resection 286:294 oncologic resection 276:294 oncologic resection 276:294 The surgical indications for nasal reconstruction after oncologic resection, trauma or as part of cosmetic rhinoplasty, are steadily increasing. 24745344 1 25 theme reconstruction 168:181 arg1 AIM 145:147 AIM 145:147 AIM OF THE STUDY Nasal reconstruction 145:181 AIM OF THE STUDY Nasal reconstruction remains a challenge for any surgeon. 24745344 3 26 theme current 369:375 arg1 use 412:414 the use 408:414 the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) 408:485 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 3 26 theme current 369:375 arg1 attitude 377:384 The current attitude 365:384 The current attitude for reconstruction 365:403 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 9 27 theme agarose 1622:1628 arg1 hydrogel 1630:1637 the agarose hydrogel 1618:1637 the agarose hydrogel 1618:1637 Thereby, chondrocytes associated with the agarose hydrogel will colonize Medpor and synthesize an extracellular matrix characteristic of nasal cartilage. 24745344 10 28 theme nasal 1750:1754 arg1 protocol 1785:1792 This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol 1745:1792 This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol 1745:1792 CONCLUSION This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol provides the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction. 24745344 3 29 theme autologous 419:428 arg1 grafts 440:445 autologous cartilage grafts 419:445 autologous cartilage grafts 419:445 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 4 30 theme chondrocytes 808:819 arg1 phenotype 791:799 the phenotype 787:799 the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model 787:842 Thus, in order to produce an implantable cartilaginous model, we developed a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial and studied at the molecular, cellular and tissue level the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model. 24745344 5 31 theme amplification 910:922 arg1 extraction 873:882 extraction 873:882 extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT) 873:1156 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 32 from monolayer 982:990 arg1 presence 1103:1110 the presence 1099:1110 the presence 1099:1110 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 3 33 theme cartilage 430:438 arg1 grafts 440:445 autologous cartilage grafts 419:445 autologous cartilage grafts 419:445 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 0 34 theme cartilage 25:33 arg1 defects 35:41 nasal cartilage defects 19:41 nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique 19:78 [Reconstruction of nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique based on combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel]. 24745344 8 35 theme BIT 1451:1453 arg1 cocktail 1455:1462 the BIT cocktail 1447:1462 the BIT cocktail 1447:1462 However, our results show that the BIT cocktail induces redifferentiation of chondrocytes cultured in agarose/Medpor with synthesis of mature chondrogenic markers. 24745344 0 36 theme hydrogel 134:141 arg1 combination 89:99 combination 89:99 combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel 89:141 [Reconstruction of nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique based on combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel]. 24745344 5 37 dep MATERIALS 845:853 arg1 insulin 1197:1203 insulin 1197:1203 insulin 1197:1203 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 37 dep MATERIALS 845:853 arg1 protein-2 1178:1186 bone morphogenetic protein-2 1159:1186 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 1159:1194 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 37 dep MATERIALS 845:853 arg1 triiodothyronine 1209:1224 triiodothyronine 1209:1224 triiodothyronine (T3) 1209:1229 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 37 dep MATERIALS 845:853 arg1 BMP-2 1189:1193 BMP-2 1189:1193 BMP-2 1189:1193 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 37 dep MATERIALS 845:853 arg1 MATERIALS 845:853 MATERIALS 845:853 MATERIALS 845:853 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 37 dep MATERIALS 845:853 arg1 T3 1227:1228 T3 1227:1228 T3 1227:1228 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 4 38 theme cartilaginous 601:613 arg1 model 615:619 an implantable cartilaginous model 586:619 an implantable cartilaginous model 586:619 Thus, in order to produce an implantable cartilaginous model, we developed a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial and studied at the molecular, cellular and tissue level the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model. 24745344 0 39 theme nasal 19:23 arg1 defects 35:41 nasal cartilage defects 19:41 nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique 19:78 [Reconstruction of nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique based on combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel]. 24745344 6 40 theme western 1294:1300 arg1 blotting 1302:1309 western blotting 1294:1309 western blotting 1294:1309 The quality of the chondrocyte phenotype was analyzed by PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. 24745344 4 41 theme human 662:666 arg1 chondrocytes 674:685 human nasal chondrocytes 662:685 human nasal chondrocytes 662:685 Thus, in order to produce an implantable cartilaginous model, we developed a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial and studied at the molecular, cellular and tissue level the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model. 24745344 4 42 theme implantable 589:599 arg1 model 615:619 an implantable cartilaginous model 586:619 an implantable cartilaginous model 586:619 Thus, in order to produce an implantable cartilaginous model, we developed a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial and studied at the molecular, cellular and tissue level the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model. 24745344 10 43 theme nasal 1837:1841 arg1 reconstruction 1843:1856 nasal reconstruction 1837:1856 nasal reconstruction 1837:1856 CONCLUSION This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol provides the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction. 24745344 3 44 theme various 450:456 arg1 origins 458:464 various origins 450:464 various origins (septal, ear or rib) 450:485 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 3 44 theme various 450:456 arg1 rib 482:484 rib 482:484 rib 482:484 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 3 44 theme various 450:456 arg1 ear 475:477 ear 475:477 ear 475:477 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 3 44 theme various 450:456 arg1 septal 467:472 septal 467:472 septal 467:472 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 3 45 theme grafts 440:445 arg1 use 412:414 the use 408:414 the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) 408:485 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 3 45 theme grafts 440:445 arg1 attitude 377:384 The current attitude 365:384 The current attitude for reconstruction 365:403 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 8 46 theme chondrocytes 1493:1504 arg1 redifferentiation 1472:1488 redifferentiation 1472:1488 redifferentiation of chondrocytes cultured in agarose/Medpor with synthesis of mature chondrogenic markers 1472:1577 However, our results show that the BIT cocktail induces redifferentiation of chondrocytes cultured in agarose/Medpor with synthesis of mature chondrogenic markers. 24745344 0 47 theme defects 35:41 arg1 [Reconstruction 0:14 [Reconstruction 0:14 [Reconstruction of nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique 0:78 [Reconstruction of nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique based on combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel]. 24745344 5 48 theme composite 1027:1035 arg1 biomaterial 1037:1047 a composite biomaterial 1025:1047 a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) 1025:1094 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 2 49 theme surgical 224:231 arg1 increasing 353:362 increasing 353:362 increasing 353:362 The surgical indications for nasal reconstruction after oncologic resection, trauma or as part of cosmetic rhinoplasty, are steadily increasing. 24745344 2 49 theme surgical 224:231 arg1 indications 233:243 The surgical indications 220:243 The surgical indications 220:243 The surgical indications for nasal reconstruction after oncologic resection, trauma or as part of cosmetic rhinoplasty, are steadily increasing. 24745344 3 50 theme origins 458:464 arg1 use 412:414 the use 408:414 the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) 408:485 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 3 50 theme origins 458:464 arg1 attitude 377:384 The current attitude 365:384 The current attitude for reconstruction 365:403 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 0 51 theme tissue 51:56 arg1 technique 70:78 a tissue engineering technique 49:78 a tissue engineering technique 49:78 [Reconstruction of nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique based on combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel]. 24745344 5 52 dep polyethylene 1071:1082 arg1 Medpor 1085:1090 Medpor 1085:1090 agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®) 1050:1093 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 5 52 dep polyethylene 1071:1082 arg1 ® 1092:1092 ® 1092:1092 ® 1092:1092 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 10 53 theme tissue 1766:1771 arg1 protocol 1785:1792 This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol 1745:1792 This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol 1745:1792 CONCLUSION This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol provides the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction. 24745344 10 54 dep CONCLUSION 1734:1743 arg1 provides 1794:1801 provides 1794:1801 provides the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction 1794:1856 CONCLUSION This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol provides the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction. 24745344 5 55 dep amplification 910:922 arg1 cultured 951:958 cultured 951:958 were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT) 946:1156 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 10 56 theme cartilage 1756:1764 arg1 protocol 1785:1792 This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol 1745:1792 This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol 1745:1792 CONCLUSION This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol provides the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction. 24745344 9 57 theme extracellular 1678:1690 arg1 characteristic 1699:1712 an extracellular matrix characteristic 1675:1712 an extracellular matrix characteristic of nasal cartilage 1675:1731 Thereby, chondrocytes associated with the agarose hydrogel will colonize Medpor and synthesize an extracellular matrix characteristic of nasal cartilage. 24745344 10 58 theme interesting 1813:1823 arg1 results 1825:1831 the first interesting results 1803:1831 the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction 1803:1856 CONCLUSION This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol provides the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction. 24745344 4 59 theme tissue 774:779 arg1 level 781:785 tissue level 774:785 tissue level 774:785 Thus, in order to produce an implantable cartilaginous model, we developed a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial and studied at the molecular, cellular and tissue level the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model. 24745344 2 60 theme rhinoplasty 327:337 arg1 part 310:313 part 310:313 part of cosmetic rhinoplasty 310:337 The surgical indications for nasal reconstruction after oncologic resection, trauma or as part of cosmetic rhinoplasty, are steadily increasing. 24745344 5 61 theme factors 1144:1150 arg1 cocktail 1124:1131 a cocktail 1122:1131 a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT) 1122:1156 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 3 62 theme physiological 507:519 arg1 anatomy 521:527 a physiological anatomy 505:527 a physiological anatomy 505:527 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 5 63 theme agarose 1005:1011 arg1 hydrogel 1013:1020 an agarose hydrogel 1002:1020 an agarose hydrogel 1002:1020 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 3 64 dep origins 458:464 arg1 origins 458:464 various origins 450:464 various origins (septal, ear or rib) 450:485 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 3 64 dep origins 458:464 arg1 rib 482:484 rib 482:484 rib 482:484 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 3 64 dep origins 458:464 arg1 ear 475:477 ear 475:477 ear 475:477 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 3 64 dep origins 458:464 arg1 septal 467:472 septal 467:472 septal 467:472 The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. 24745344 2 65 theme cosmetic 318:325 arg1 rhinoplasty 327:337 cosmetic rhinoplasty 318:337 cosmetic rhinoplasty 318:337 The surgical indications for nasal reconstruction after oncologic resection, trauma or as part of cosmetic rhinoplasty, are steadily increasing. 24745344 5 66 theme chondrocytes 887:898 arg1 extraction 873:882 extraction 873:882 extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT) 873:1156 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 24745344 8 67 with agarose/Medpor 1518:1531 arg1 synthesis 1538:1546 synthesis 1538:1546 synthesis of mature chondrogenic markers 1538:1577 However, our results show that the BIT cocktail induces redifferentiation of chondrocytes cultured in agarose/Medpor with synthesis of mature chondrogenic markers. 24745344 2 68 theme nasal 249:253 arg1 reconstruction 255:268 nasal reconstruction 249:268 nasal reconstruction after oncologic resection, trauma 249:302 The surgical indications for nasal reconstruction after oncologic resection, trauma or as part of cosmetic rhinoplasty, are steadily increasing. 24745344 0 69 theme engineering 58:68 arg1 technique 70:78 a tissue engineering technique 49:78 a tissue engineering technique 49:78 [Reconstruction of nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique based on combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel]. 24745344 5 70 dep biomaterial 1037:1047 arg1 polyethylene 1071:1082 agarose/high density polyethylene 1050:1082 agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®) 1050:1093 MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). 28663545 1 0 theme plant 347:351 arg1 growth 353:358 plant growth 347:358 plant growth 347:358 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 2 1 theme wall 566:569 arg1 recalcitrance 571:583 plant cell wall recalcitrance 555:583 plant cell wall recalcitrance 555:583 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 1 2 theme thermophilic 144:155 arg1 AcCel5A 172:178 AcCel5A 172:178 AcCel5A 172:178 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 1 2 theme thermophilic 144:155 arg1 endoglucanase 157:169 a thermophilic endoglucanase 142:169 a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) 142:179 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 1 3 theme cell 249:252 arg1 walls 254:258 cell walls 249:258 cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana 249:282 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 0 4 theme Family 88:93 arg1 Hydrolase 107:115 a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase 86:115 a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase 86:115 Towards an Understanding of Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase. 28663545 2 5 from cut 443:445 arg1 wall 475:478 the assembling wall 460:478 the assembling wall 460:478 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 2 6 theme cell 561:564 arg1 recalcitrance 571:583 plant cell wall recalcitrance 555:583 plant cell wall recalcitrance 555:583 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 2 7 theme plant 555:559 arg1 recalcitrance 571:583 plant cell wall recalcitrance 555:583 plant cell wall recalcitrance 555:583 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 2 8 theme plant 621:625 arg1 development 627:637 overall plant development 613:637 overall plant development 613:637 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 2 9 from impact 545:550 arg1 recalcitrance 571:583 plant cell wall recalcitrance 555:583 plant cell wall recalcitrance 555:583 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 0 10 theme Glycoside 97:105 arg1 Hydrolase 107:115 a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase 86:115 a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase 86:115 Towards an Understanding of Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase. 28663545 1 11 theme cell 363:366 arg1 composition 373:383 cell wall composition 363:383 cell wall composition 363:383 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 2 12 theme overall 613:619 arg1 development 627:637 overall plant development 613:637 overall plant development 613:637 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 1 13 theme endoglucanase 157:169 arg1 expression 128:137 In planta expression 118:137 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) 118:179 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 1 14 theme wall 368:371 arg1 composition 373:383 cell wall composition 363:383 cell wall composition 363:383 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 2 15 theme negative 593:600 arg1 effects 602:608 negative effects 593:608 negative effects on overall plant development 593:637 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 2 16 theme minimal 495:501 arg1 changes 503:509 these minimal changes 489:509 these minimal changes 489:509 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 1 17 theme Arabidopsis 263:273 arg1 thaliana 275:282 Arabidopsis thaliana 263:282 Arabidopsis thaliana 263:282 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 2 18 contain have 537:540 arg2 impact 545:550 an impact 542:550 an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance 542:583 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 2 18 contain have 537:540 arg1 changes 503:509 these minimal changes 489:509 these minimal changes 489:509 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 1 19 theme thaliana 275:282 arg1 walls 254:258 cell walls 249:258 cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana 249:282 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 0 20 theme Hydrolase 107:115 arg1 Expression 72:81 In Planta Expression 62:81 In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase 62:115 Towards an Understanding of Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase. 28663545 2 21 theme β-1-4 421:425 arg1 linkages 427:434 cellulose β-1-4 linkages 411:434 cellulose β-1-4 linkages 411:434 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 0 22 theme Biomass 37:43 arg1 Digestibility 45:57 Enhanced Biomass Digestibility 28:57 Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase 28:115 Towards an Understanding of Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase. 28663545 2 23 theme proper 524:529 arg1 time 531:534 the proper time 520:534 the proper time 520:534 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 2 24 theme cellulose 411:419 arg1 linkages 427:434 cellulose β-1-4 linkages 411:434 cellulose β-1-4 linkages 411:434 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 0 25 theme Enhanced 28:35 arg1 Digestibility 45:57 Enhanced Biomass Digestibility 28:57 Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase 28:115 Towards an Understanding of Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase. 28663545 1 26 theme enzyme 298:303 arg1 accessibility 305:317 enzyme accessibility 298:317 enzyme accessibility 298:317 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 2 27 theme assembling 464:473 arg1 wall 475:478 the assembling wall 460:478 the assembling wall 460:478 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 2 28 from effects 602:608 arg1 development 627:637 overall plant development 613:637 overall plant development 613:637 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 1 29 from impacts 336:342 arg1 growth 353:358 plant growth 347:358 plant growth 347:358 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 1 29 from impacts 336:342 arg1 composition 373:383 cell wall composition 363:383 cell wall composition 363:383 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 2 30 from wall 475:478 arg1 cut 443:445 cut 443:445 cut 443:445 Our results suggest that cellulose β-1-4 linkages can be cut sparingly in the assembling wall and that these minimal changes, made at the proper time, have an impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance without negative effects on overall plant development. 28663545 0 31 theme Digestibility 45:57 arg1 Understanding 11:23 an Understanding 8:23 an Understanding of Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase 8:115 Towards an Understanding of Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase. 28663545 1 32 from irregularities 231:244 arg1 walls 254:258 cell walls 249:258 cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana 249:282 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 1 33 theme negative 327:334 arg1 impacts 336:342 negative impacts 327:342 negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition 327:383 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 1 34 from voids 215:219 arg1 walls 254:258 cell walls 249:258 cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana 249:282 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 1 35 theme In 118:119 arg1 expression 128:137 In planta expression 118:137 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) 118:179 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 1 36 theme planta 121:126 arg1 expression 128:137 In planta expression 118:137 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) 118:179 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 0 37 theme Planta 65:70 arg1 Expression 72:81 In Planta Expression 62:81 In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase 62:115 Towards an Understanding of Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase. 28663545 1 38 theme other 225:229 arg1 irregularities 231:244 other irregularities 225:244 other irregularities 225:244 In planta expression of a thermophilic endoglucanase (AcCel5A) reduces recalcitrance by creating voids and other irregularities in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana that increase enzyme accessibility without negative impacts on plant growth or cell wall composition. 28663545 0 39 theme In 62:63 arg1 Expression 72:81 In Planta Expression 62:81 In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase 62:115 Towards an Understanding of Enhanced Biomass Digestibility by In Planta Expression of a Family 5 Glycoside Hydrolase. 26656507 2 0 theme dentino-enamel 443:456 arg1 junction 458:465 the dentino-enamel junction 439:465 the dentino-enamel junction 439:465 Highly calcified mineral (peritubular dentin, PTD) is deposited at the interface between the ITD and each process membrane, creating a tubular system penetrating the dentin that extends from the dentino-enamel junction to the predentin-dentin junction. 26656507 4 1 theme slices 883:888 arg1 analyses 857:864 similar analyses 849:864 similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli 849:922 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 4 2 theme energy 768:773 arg1 EDS 800:802 EDS 800:802 EDS 800:802 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 4 2 theme energy 768:773 arg1 spectrometry 786:797 energy dispersive spectrometry 768:797 energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) 768:803 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 0 3 theme matrix 73:78 arg1 hypercalcification 39:56 the hypercalcification 35:56 the hypercalcification of the organic matrix of bovine peritubular dentin 35:107 Chondroitin sulfate is involved in the hypercalcification of the organic matrix of bovine peritubular dentin. 26656507 1 4 theme collagenous 154:164 arg1 matrix 166:171 the collagenous matrix 150:171 the collagenous matrix (intertubular dentin, ITD) secreted from the odontoblastic processes (OP) 150:245 Apatitic mineral of dentin forms within the collagenous matrix (intertubular dentin, ITD) secreted from the odontoblastic processes (OP). 26656507 6 5 theme further 1163:1169 arg1 labeling 1180:1187 further antibody labeling 1163:1187 further antibody labeling 1163:1187 The organic matrix of the PTD was shown to be sulfur rich, and further antibody labeling showed the sulfated organic component to be chondroitin sulfate [corrected]. 26656507 0 6 theme peritubular 90:100 arg1 dentin 102:107 bovine peritubular dentin 83:107 bovine peritubular dentin 83:107 Chondroitin sulfate is involved in the hypercalcification of the organic matrix of bovine peritubular dentin. 26656507 5 7 from differences 1035:1045 arg1 composition 1050:1060 composition 1050:1060 composition 1050:1060 Elemental line scans reveal clearly marked boundaries between ITD, PTD, and OP components, and illustrate the differences in composition, and topographical surface roughness. 26656507 5 7 from differences 1035:1045 arg1 roughness 1089:1097 topographical surface roughness 1067:1097 topographical surface roughness 1067:1097 Elemental line scans reveal clearly marked boundaries between ITD, PTD, and OP components, and illustrate the differences in composition, and topographical surface roughness. 26656507 3 8 theme PTD 548:550 arg1 composition 529:539 the composition 525:539 the composition of the PTD both with regard to its organic matrix 525:589 We focus on determining the composition of the PTD both with regard to its organic matrix and the inorganic phase. 26656507 3 8 theme PTD 548:550 arg1 phase 609:613 the inorganic phase 595:613 the inorganic phase 595:613 We focus on determining the composition of the PTD both with regard to its organic matrix and the inorganic phase. 26656507 7 9 theme Ca/P 1306:1309 arg1 higher 1334:1339 higher 1334:1339 higher 1334:1339 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 7 9 theme Ca/P 1306:1309 arg1 ratios 1311:1316 the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios 1293:1316 the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios 1293:1316 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 2 10 theme peritubular 274:284 arg1 dentin 286:291 peritubular dentin 274:291 peritubular dentin 274:291 Highly calcified mineral (peritubular dentin, PTD) is deposited at the interface between the ITD and each process membrane, creating a tubular system penetrating the dentin that extends from the dentino-enamel junction to the predentin-dentin junction. 26656507 2 10 theme peritubular 274:284 arg1 PTD 294:296 PTD 294:296 PTD 294:296 Highly calcified mineral (peritubular dentin, PTD) is deposited at the interface between the ITD and each process membrane, creating a tubular system penetrating the dentin that extends from the dentino-enamel junction to the predentin-dentin junction. 26656507 0 11 theme bovine 83:88 arg1 dentin 102:107 bovine peritubular dentin 83:107 bovine peritubular dentin 83:107 Chondroitin sulfate is involved in the hypercalcification of the organic matrix of bovine peritubular dentin. 26656507 4 12 theme dispersive 775:784 arg1 EDS 800:802 EDS 800:802 EDS 800:802 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 4 12 theme dispersive 775:784 arg1 spectrometry 786:797 energy dispersive spectrometry 768:797 energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) 768:803 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 4 13 contain containing 890:899 arg2 annuli 917:922 ITD bounded-PTD annuli 901:922 ITD bounded-PTD annuli 901:922 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 4 13 contain containing 890:899 arg1 slices 883:888 intact dentin slices 869:888 intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli 869:922 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 2 14 theme predentin-dentin 474:489 arg1 junction 491:498 the predentin-dentin junction 470:498 the predentin-dentin junction 470:498 Highly calcified mineral (peritubular dentin, PTD) is deposited at the interface between the ITD and each process membrane, creating a tubular system penetrating the dentin that extends from the dentino-enamel junction to the predentin-dentin junction. 26656507 7 15 theme S/Ca 1297:1300 arg1 higher 1334:1339 higher 1334:1339 higher 1334:1339 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 7 15 theme S/Ca 1297:1300 arg1 ratios 1311:1316 the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios 1293:1316 the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios 1293:1316 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 4 16 theme capture 624:630 arg1 technique 632:640 A laser capture technique 616:640 A laser capture technique 616:640 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 2 17 theme process 354:360 arg1 membrane 362:369 the ITD and each process membrane 337:369 membrane 362:369 Highly calcified mineral (peritubular dentin, PTD) is deposited at the interface between the ITD and each process membrane, creating a tubular system penetrating the dentin that extends from the dentino-enamel junction to the predentin-dentin junction. 26656507 0 18 theme dentin 102:107 arg1 matrix 73:78 the organic matrix 61:78 the organic matrix of bovine peritubular dentin 61:107 Chondroitin sulfate is involved in the hypercalcification of the organic matrix of bovine peritubular dentin. 26656507 5 19 theme OP 1001:1002 arg1 components 1004:1013 OP components 1001:1013 OP components 1001:1013 Elemental line scans reveal clearly marked boundaries between ITD, PTD, and OP components, and illustrate the differences in composition, and topographical surface roughness. 26656507 7 20 theme mineral 1476:1482 arg1 PTD 1472:1474 the apatitic PTD mineral 1459:1482 the apatitic PTD mineral 1459:1482 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 4 21 theme dentin 876:881 arg1 slices 883:888 intact dentin slices 869:888 intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli 869:922 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 4 22 theme intact 869:874 arg1 slices 883:888 intact dentin slices 869:888 intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli 869:922 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 4 23 theme mineralized 684:694 arg1 PTD 696:698 the mineralized PTD 680:698 the mineralized PTD free from the ITD 680:716 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 1 24 theme intertubular 174:185 arg1 ITD 195:197 ITD 195:197 ITD 195:197 Apatitic mineral of dentin forms within the collagenous matrix (intertubular dentin, ITD) secreted from the odontoblastic processes (OP). 26656507 1 24 theme intertubular 174:185 arg1 dentin 187:192 intertubular dentin 174:192 intertubular dentin 174:192 Apatitic mineral of dentin forms within the collagenous matrix (intertubular dentin, ITD) secreted from the odontoblastic processes (OP). 26656507 0 25 theme Chondroitin 0:10 arg1 sulfate 12:18 Chondroitin sulfate 0:18 Chondroitin sulfate 0:18 Chondroitin sulfate is involved in the hypercalcification of the organic matrix of bovine peritubular dentin. 26656507 4 26 theme laser 618:622 arg1 technique 632:640 A laser capture technique 616:640 A laser capture technique 616:640 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 5 27 theme topographical 1067:1079 arg1 roughness 1089:1097 topographical surface roughness 1067:1097 topographical surface roughness 1067:1097 Elemental line scans reveal clearly marked boundaries between ITD, PTD, and OP components, and illustrate the differences in composition, and topographical surface roughness. 26656507 4 28 theme free 700:703 arg1 PTD 696:698 the mineralized PTD 680:698 the mineralized PTD free from the ITD 680:716 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 2 29 theme tubular 383:389 arg1 system 391:396 a tubular system 381:396 a tubular system penetrating the dentin that extends from the dentino-enamel junction to the predentin-dentin junction 381:498 Highly calcified mineral (peritubular dentin, PTD) is deposited at the interface between the ITD and each process membrane, creating a tubular system penetrating the dentin that extends from the dentino-enamel junction to the predentin-dentin junction. 26656507 5 30 theme surface 1081:1087 arg1 roughness 1089:1097 topographical surface roughness 1067:1097 topographical surface roughness 1067:1097 Elemental line scans reveal clearly marked boundaries between ITD, PTD, and OP components, and illustrate the differences in composition, and topographical surface roughness. 26656507 3 31 theme inorganic 599:607 arg1 phase 609:613 the inorganic phase 595:613 the inorganic phase 595:613 We focus on determining the composition of the PTD both with regard to its organic matrix and the inorganic phase. 26656507 2 32 dep mineral 265:271 arg1 dentin 286:291 peritubular dentin 274:291 peritubular dentin 274:291 Highly calcified mineral (peritubular dentin, PTD) is deposited at the interface between the ITD and each process membrane, creating a tubular system penetrating the dentin that extends from the dentino-enamel junction to the predentin-dentin junction. 26656507 2 32 dep mineral 265:271 arg1 PTD 294:296 PTD 294:296 PTD 294:296 Highly calcified mineral (peritubular dentin, PTD) is deposited at the interface between the ITD and each process membrane, creating a tubular system penetrating the dentin that extends from the dentino-enamel junction to the predentin-dentin junction. 26656507 5 33 theme line 935:938 arg1 scans 940:944 Elemental line scans 925:944 Elemental line scans 925:944 Elemental line scans reveal clearly marked boundaries between ITD, PTD, and OP components, and illustrate the differences in composition, and topographical surface roughness. 26656507 4 34 dep PTD 747:749 arg1 compared 835:842 compared 835:842 were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli 817:922 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 4 35 theme ITD 901:903 arg1 annuli 917:922 ITD bounded-PTD annuli 901:922 ITD bounded-PTD annuli 901:922 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 6 36 theme organic 1209:1215 arg1 component 1217:1225 the sulfated organic component 1196:1225 the sulfated organic component to be chondroitin sulfate [corrected 1196:1262 The organic matrix of the PTD was shown to be sulfur rich, and further antibody labeling showed the sulfated organic component to be chondroitin sulfate [corrected]. 26656507 7 37 theme anionic 1410:1416 arg1 counterion 1418:1427 the anionic counterion 1406:1427 the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral 1406:1482 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 3 38 dep PTD 548:550 arg1 both 552:555 both 552:555 both 552:555 We focus on determining the composition of the PTD both with regard to its organic matrix and the inorganic phase. 26656507 6 39 theme sulfated 1200:1207 arg1 component 1217:1225 the sulfated organic component 1196:1225 the sulfated organic component to be chondroitin sulfate [corrected 1196:1262 The organic matrix of the PTD was shown to be sulfur rich, and further antibody labeling showed the sulfated organic component to be chondroitin sulfate [corrected]. 26656507 5 40 theme Elemental 925:933 arg1 scans 940:944 Elemental line scans 925:944 Elemental line scans 925:944 Elemental line scans reveal clearly marked boundaries between ITD, PTD, and OP components, and illustrate the differences in composition, and topographical surface roughness. 26656507 4 41 theme similar 849:855 arg1 analyses 857:864 similar analyses 849:864 similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli 849:922 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 1 42 dep matrix 166:171 arg1 ITD 195:197 ITD 195:197 ITD 195:197 Apatitic mineral of dentin forms within the collagenous matrix (intertubular dentin, ITD) secreted from the odontoblastic processes (OP). 26656507 1 42 dep matrix 166:171 arg1 dentin 187:192 intertubular dentin 174:192 intertubular dentin 174:192 Apatitic mineral of dentin forms within the collagenous matrix (intertubular dentin, ITD) secreted from the odontoblastic processes (OP). 26656507 4 43 theme bounded-PTD 905:915 arg1 annuli 917:922 ITD bounded-PTD annuli 901:922 ITD bounded-PTD annuli 901:922 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 6 44 theme PTD 1126:1128 arg1 matrix 1112:1117 The organic matrix 1100:1117 The organic matrix of the PTD 1100:1128 The organic matrix of the PTD was shown to be sulfur rich, and further antibody labeling showed the sulfated organic component to be chondroitin sulfate [corrected]. 26656507 6 44 theme PTD 1126:1128 arg1 rich 1153:1156 rich 1153:1156 rich 1153:1156 The organic matrix of the PTD was shown to be sulfur rich, and further antibody labeling showed the sulfated organic component to be chondroitin sulfate [corrected]. 26656507 7 45 theme polysaccharide 1374:1387 arg1 S 1395:1395 polysaccharide bound S 1374:1395 polysaccharide bound S 1374:1395 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 4 46 theme PTD 747:749 arg1 analysis 731:738 the analysis 727:738 the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli 727:922 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 7 47 theme bound 1389:1393 arg1 S 1395:1395 polysaccharide bound S 1374:1395 polysaccharide bound S 1374:1395 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 3 48 theme organic 576:582 arg1 matrix 584:589 its organic matrix 572:589 its organic matrix 572:589 We focus on determining the composition of the PTD both with regard to its organic matrix and the inorganic phase. 26656507 4 49 from ITD 714:716 arg1 free 700:703 free 700:703 free 700:703 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 7 50 theme PTD 1274:1276 arg1 matrix 1286:1291 this PTD organic matrix 1269:1291 this PTD organic matrix 1269:1291 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 7 51 theme apatitic 1463:1470 arg1 PTD 1472:1474 the apatitic PTD mineral 1459:1482 the apatitic PTD mineral 1459:1482 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 6 52 theme antibody 1171:1178 arg1 labeling 1180:1187 further antibody labeling 1163:1187 further antibody labeling 1163:1187 The organic matrix of the PTD was shown to be sulfur rich, and further antibody labeling showed the sulfated organic component to be chondroitin sulfate [corrected]. 26656507 5 53 theme marked 961:966 arg1 boundaries 968:977 clearly marked boundaries 953:977 clearly marked boundaries between ITD, PTD, and OP components 953:1013 Elemental line scans reveal clearly marked boundaries between ITD, PTD, and OP components, and illustrate the differences in composition, and topographical surface roughness. 26656507 6 54 theme organic 1104:1110 arg1 matrix 1112:1117 The organic matrix 1100:1117 The organic matrix of the PTD 1100:1128 The organic matrix of the PTD was shown to be sulfur rich, and further antibody labeling showed the sulfated organic component to be chondroitin sulfate [corrected]. 26656507 6 54 theme organic 1104:1110 arg1 rich 1153:1156 rich 1153:1156 rich 1153:1156 The organic matrix of the PTD was shown to be sulfur rich, and further antibody labeling showed the sulfated organic component to be chondroitin sulfate [corrected]. 26656507 4 55 theme PTD 696:698 arg1 isolation 667:675 the isolation 663:675 the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD 663:716 A laser capture technique has been adapted for the isolation of the mineralized PTD free from the ITD, and for the analysis of the PTD by SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), these data were subsequently compared with similar analyses of intact dentin slices containing ITD bounded-PTD annuli. 26656507 1 56 theme dentin 130:135 arg1 mineral 119:125 mineral 119:125 mineral 119:125 Apatitic mineral of dentin forms within the collagenous matrix (intertubular dentin, ITD) secreted from the odontoblastic processes (OP). 26656507 7 57 theme PTD 1472:1474 arg1 formation 1446:1454 the formation 1442:1454 the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral 1442:1482 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 26656507 0 58 theme organic 65:71 arg1 matrix 73:78 the organic matrix 61:78 the organic matrix of bovine peritubular dentin 61:107 Chondroitin sulfate is involved in the hypercalcification of the organic matrix of bovine peritubular dentin. 26656507 1 59 theme odontoblastic 218:230 arg1 OP 243:244 OP 243:244 OP 243:244 Apatitic mineral of dentin forms within the collagenous matrix (intertubular dentin, ITD) secreted from the odontoblastic processes (OP). 26656507 1 59 theme odontoblastic 218:230 arg1 processes 232:240 the odontoblastic processes 214:240 the odontoblastic processes (OP) 214:245 Apatitic mineral of dentin forms within the collagenous matrix (intertubular dentin, ITD) secreted from the odontoblastic processes (OP). 26656507 7 60 theme organic 1278:1284 arg1 matrix 1286:1291 this PTD organic matrix 1269:1291 this PTD organic matrix 1269:1291 In this PTD organic matrix the S/Ca and Ca/P ratios were distinctly higher than in the ITD, indicating that polysaccharide bound S supplies the anionic counterion facilitating the formation of the apatitic PTD mineral. 24491829 10 0 theme novel 1369:1373 arg1 species 1375:1381 the novel species 1365:1381 the novel species 1365:1381 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 10 1 theme distinct 1289:1296 arg1 species 1304:1310 a distinct novel species 1287:1310 a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus 1287:1336 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 5 2 theme °C 477:478 arg1 temperatures 455:466 temperatures 455:466 temperatures of 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) 455:526 The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 %, at temperatures of 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 24491829 6 3 theme Phylogenetic 529:540 arg1 analyses 542:549 Phylogenetic analyses 529:549 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 529:582 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 11 4 with nov. 1412:1415 arg1 DX-1T 1435:1439 type strain DX-1T 1423:1439 type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T) 1423:1469 nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T). 24491829 11 4 with nov. 1412:1415 arg1 33127T 1463:1468 =CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T 1442:1468 =CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T 1442:1468 nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T). 24491829 11 5 theme 1.12358T=KCTC 1449:1461 arg1 DX-1T 1435:1439 type strain DX-1T 1423:1439 type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T) 1423:1469 nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T). 24491829 11 5 theme 1.12358T=KCTC 1449:1461 arg1 33127T 1463:1468 =CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T 1442:1468 =CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T 1442:1468 nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T). 24491829 6 6 theme DSM 732:734 arg1 17951T 736:741 Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T 710:741 Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%) 710:749 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 6 theme DSM 732:734 arg1 % 748:748 95.8% 744:748 95.8% 744:748 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 7 theme Ureibacillus 710:721 arg1 17951T 736:741 Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T 710:741 Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%) 710:749 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 7 theme Ureibacillus 710:721 arg1 % 748:748 95.8% 744:748 95.8% 744:748 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 10 8 theme Ureibacillus 1325:1336 arg1 species 1304:1310 a distinct novel species 1287:1310 a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus 1287:1336 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 8 9 theme cellular 975:982 arg1 % 999:999 >5% 997:999 >5% 997:999 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 8 9 theme cellular 975:982 arg1 iso-C16:0 1007:1015 iso-C16:0 1007:1015 iso-C16:0 1007:1015 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 8 9 theme cellular 975:982 arg1 acids 990:994 the major cellular fatty acids 965:994 the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) 965:1000 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 5 10 theme optimum 512:518 arg1 pH 500:501 pH 6.0-8.0 500:509 pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) 500:526 The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 %, at temperatures of 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 24491829 5 10 theme optimum 512:518 arg1 pH 520:521 optimum pH 7.0 512:525 optimum pH 7.0 512:525 The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 %, at temperatures of 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 24491829 10 11 theme chemotaxonomic 1186:1199 arg1 features 1201:1208 chemotaxonomic features 1186:1208 chemotaxonomic features 1186:1208 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 6 12 with cluster 618:624 arg1 % 794:794 95.7% 790:794 95.7% 790:794 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 12 with cluster 618:624 arg1 12654T 827:832 Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T 801:832 Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%) 801:840 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 12 with cluster 618:624 arg1 17951T 736:741 Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T 710:741 Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%) 710:749 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 12 with cluster 618:624 arg1 10633T 665:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T 631:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity) 631:707 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 12 with cluster 618:624 arg1 similarity 697:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 12 with cluster 618:624 arg1 % 839:839 95.3% 835:839 95.3% 835:839 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 12 with cluster 618:624 arg1 17952T 782:787 Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T 752:787 Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) 752:795 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 12 with cluster 618:624 arg1 % 748:748 95.8% 744:748 95.8% 744:748 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 9 13 theme unknown 1128:1134 arg1 composition 1136:1146 unknown composition 1128:1146 unknown composition 1128:1146 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phospholipids of unknown composition. 24491829 7 14 theme genomic 866:872 arg1 DNA 874:876 the genomic DNA 862:876 the genomic DNA 862:876 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.4 mol%. 24491829 10 15 theme phylogenetic 1225:1236 arg1 analyses 1238:1245 phylogenetic analyses 1225:1245 phylogenetic analyses 1225:1245 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 1 16 theme thermophilic 48:59 arg1 cell 76:79 a thermophilic microbial fuel cell 46:79 a thermophilic microbial fuel cell 46:79 nov., isolated from a thermophilic microbial fuel cell. 24491829 10 17 theme defluvii 1399:1406 arg1 name 1347:1350 the name 1343:1350 the name proposed for the novel species 1343:1381 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 10 17 theme defluvii 1399:1406 arg1 sp 1408:1409 Ureibacillus defluvii sp 1386:1409 Ureibacillus defluvii sp 1386:1409 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 6 18 theme DSM 778:780 arg1 17952T 782:787 Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T 752:787 Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) 752:795 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 18 theme DSM 778:780 arg1 % 794:794 95.7% 790:794 95.7% 790:794 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 3 19 theme strain 203:208 arg1 DX-1T 210:214 strain DX-1T 203:214 strain DX-1T 203:214 Cells of strain DX-1T were oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and Gram-staining-negative. 24491829 1 20 theme microbial 61:69 arg1 cell 76:79 a thermophilic microbial fuel cell 46:79 a thermophilic microbial fuel cell 46:79 nov., isolated from a thermophilic microbial fuel cell. 24491829 8 21 theme fatty 984:988 arg1 % 999:999 >5% 997:999 >5% 997:999 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 8 21 theme fatty 984:988 arg1 iso-C16:0 1007:1015 iso-C16:0 1007:1015 iso-C16:0 1007:1015 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 8 21 theme fatty 984:988 arg1 acids 990:994 the major cellular fatty acids 965:994 the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) 965:1000 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 3 22 theme DX-1T 210:214 arg1 Cells 194:198 Cells 194:198 Cells of strain DX-1T 194:214 Cells of strain DX-1T were oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and Gram-staining-negative. 24491829 6 23 theme sequence 688:695 arg1 10633T 665:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T 631:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity) 631:707 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 23 theme sequence 688:695 arg1 similarity 697:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 1 24 theme fuel 71:74 arg1 cell 76:79 a thermophilic microbial fuel cell 46:79 a thermophilic microbial fuel cell 46:79 nov., isolated from a thermophilic microbial fuel cell. 24491829 0 25 theme defluvii 13:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Ureibacillus defluvii sp 0:23 Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 0:24 Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 6 26 theme Ureibacillus 752:763 arg1 17952T 782:787 Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T 752:787 Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) 752:795 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 26 theme Ureibacillus 752:763 arg1 % 794:794 95.7% 790:794 95.7% 790:794 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 8 27 theme major 897:901 arg1 MK-7 915:918 MK-7 915:918 MK-7 915:918 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 8 27 theme major 897:901 arg1 quinone 903:909 The major quinone 893:909 The major quinone 893:909 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 6 28 theme rRNA 683:686 arg1 10633T 665:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T 631:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity) 631:707 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 28 theme rRNA 683:686 arg1 similarity 697:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 29 theme strain 596:601 arg1 DX-1T 603:607 strain DX-1T 596:607 strain DX-1T 596:607 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 0 30 theme Ureibacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 22:23 Ureibacillus defluvii sp 0:23 Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 0:24 Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 10 31 theme novel 1298:1302 arg1 species 1304:1310 a distinct novel species 1287:1310 a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus 1287:1336 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 6 32 theme 16S 679:681 arg1 10633T 665:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T 631:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity) 631:707 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 32 theme 16S 679:681 arg1 similarity 697:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 5 33 theme pH 500:501 arg1 temperatures 455:466 temperatures 455:466 temperatures of 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) 455:526 The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 %, at temperatures of 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 24491829 4 34 theme subterminal 353:363 arg1 spores 365:370 subterminal spores 353:370 subterminal spores 353:370 The strain was found to be rod-shaped and non-motile and to produce subterminal spores. 24491829 6 35 theme % 677:677 arg1 10633T 665:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T 631:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity) 631:707 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 35 theme % 677:677 arg1 similarity 697:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 7 36 theme G+C 847:849 arg1 % 890:890 40.4 mol% 882:890 40.4 mol% 882:890 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.4 mol%. 24491829 7 36 theme G+C 847:849 arg1 content 851:857 The G+C content 843:857 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 843:876 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.4 mol%. 24491829 10 37 theme phenotypic 1158:1167 arg1 characteristics 1169:1183 phenotypic characteristics 1158:1183 phenotypic characteristics 1158:1183 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 6 38 dep Ureibacillus 801:812 arg1 terrenus 814:821 terrenus 814:821 terrenus 814:821 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 39 dep Ureibacillus 710:721 arg1 composti 723:730 composti 723:730 composti 723:730 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 9 40 theme composition 1136:1146 arg1 phospholipids 1111:1123 phospholipids 1111:1123 phospholipids of unknown composition 1111:1146 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phospholipids of unknown composition. 24491829 9 40 theme composition 1136:1146 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1084:1105 diphosphatidylglycerol 1084:1105 diphosphatidylglycerol 1084:1105 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phospholipids of unknown composition. 24491829 9 40 theme composition 1136:1146 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1062:1081 phosphatidylglycerol 1062:1081 phosphatidylglycerol 1062:1081 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phospholipids of unknown composition. 24491829 6 41 theme gene 569:572 arg1 sequences 574:582 16S rRNA gene sequences 560:582 16S rRNA gene sequences 560:582 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 2 42 theme thermophilic 84:95 arg1 bacterium 97:105 A thermophilic bacterium 82:105 A thermophilic bacterium 82:105 A thermophilic bacterium, designated DX-1T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). 24491829 10 43 theme genus 1319:1323 arg1 Ureibacillus 1325:1336 the genus Ureibacillus 1315:1336 the genus Ureibacillus 1315:1336 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 2 44 theme anode 148:152 arg1 biofilm 154:160 the anode biofilm 144:160 the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) 144:191 A thermophilic bacterium, designated DX-1T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). 24491829 6 45 theme 96.9 673:676 arg1 % 677:677 % 677:677 % 677:677 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 10 46 theme Ureibacillus 1386:1397 arg1 name 1347:1350 the name 1343:1350 the name proposed for the novel species 1343:1381 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 10 46 theme Ureibacillus 1386:1397 arg1 sp 1408:1409 Ureibacillus defluvii sp 1386:1409 Ureibacillus defluvii sp 1386:1409 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 6 47 theme DSM 823:825 arg1 12654T 827:832 Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T 801:832 Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%) 801:840 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 47 theme DSM 823:825 arg1 % 839:839 95.3% 835:839 95.3% 835:839 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 8 48 theme peptidoglycan 925:937 arg1 L-Lys←D-Asp 948:958 L-Lys←D-Asp 948:958 L-Lys←D-Asp 948:958 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 8 48 theme peptidoglycan 925:937 arg1 type 939:942 the peptidoglycan type 921:942 the peptidoglycan type 921:942 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 10 49 theme analyses 1238:1245 arg1 characteristics 1169:1183 phenotypic characteristics 1158:1183 phenotypic characteristics 1158:1183 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 10 49 theme analyses 1238:1245 arg1 features 1201:1208 chemotaxonomic features 1186:1208 chemotaxonomic features 1186:1208 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 10 49 theme analyses 1238:1245 arg1 results 1214:1220 results 1214:1220 results 1214:1220 Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. 24491829 2 50 theme MFC 188:190 arg1 biofilm 154:160 the anode biofilm 144:160 the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) 144:191 A thermophilic bacterium, designated DX-1T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). 24491829 5 51 theme optimum 481:487 arg1 °C 477:478 25-60 °C 471:478 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) 471:494 The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 %, at temperatures of 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 24491829 5 51 theme optimum 481:487 arg1 °C 492:493 optimum 55 °C 481:493 optimum 55 °C 481:493 The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 %, at temperatures of 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 24491829 2 52 attach isolated 130:137 arg1 biofilm 154:160 the anode biofilm 144:160 the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) 144:191 A thermophilic bacterium, designated DX-1T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). 24491829 2 52 attach isolated 130:137 arg2 bacterium 97:105 A thermophilic bacterium 82:105 A thermophilic bacterium 82:105 A thermophilic bacterium, designated DX-1T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). 24491829 6 53 theme Ureibacillus 801:812 arg1 12654T 827:832 Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T 801:832 Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%) 801:840 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 53 theme Ureibacillus 801:812 arg1 % 839:839 95.3% 835:839 95.3% 835:839 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 7 54 theme mol 887:889 arg1 content 851:857 The G+C content 843:857 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 843:876 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.4 mol%. 24491829 7 54 theme mol 887:889 arg1 % 890:890 40.4 mol% 882:890 40.4 mol% 882:890 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.4 mol%. 24491829 2 55 theme cell 182:185 arg1 MFC 188:190 a microbial fuel cell (MFC) 165:191 a microbial fuel cell (MFC) 165:191 A thermophilic bacterium, designated DX-1T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). 24491829 5 56 dep 6  447:448 arg1 to 444:445 to 444:445 to 444:445 The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 %, at temperatures of 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 24491829 9 57 theme polar 1036:1040 arg1 lipids 1042:1047 The polar lipids 1032:1047 The polar lipids 1032:1047 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phospholipids of unknown composition. 24491829 6 58 theme rRNA 564:567 arg1 sequences 574:582 16S rRNA gene sequences 560:582 16S rRNA gene sequences 560:582 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 11 59 theme =CGMCC 1442:1447 arg1 DX-1T 1435:1439 type strain DX-1T 1423:1439 type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T) 1423:1469 nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T). 24491829 11 59 theme =CGMCC 1442:1447 arg1 33127T 1463:1468 =CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T 1442:1468 =CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T 1442:1468 nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T). 24491829 7 60 theme DNA 874:876 arg1 % 890:890 40.4 mol% 882:890 40.4 mol% 882:890 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.4 mol%. 24491829 7 60 theme DNA 874:876 arg1 content 851:857 The G+C content 843:857 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 843:876 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.4 mol%. 24491829 2 61 theme fuel 177:180 arg1 MFC 188:190 a microbial fuel cell (MFC) 165:191 a microbial fuel cell (MFC) 165:191 A thermophilic bacterium, designated DX-1T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). 24491829 6 62 theme DSM 661:663 arg1 10633T 665:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T 631:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity) 631:707 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 62 theme DSM 661:663 arg1 similarity 697:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 63 theme 16S 560:562 arg1 sequences 574:582 16S rRNA gene sequences 560:582 16S rRNA gene sequences 560:582 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 2 64 theme microbial 167:175 arg1 MFC 188:190 a microbial fuel cell (MFC) 165:191 a microbial fuel cell (MFC) 165:191 A thermophilic bacterium, designated DX-1T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). 24491829 6 65 dep Ureibacillus 752:763 arg1 thermophilus 765:776 thermophilus 765:776 thermophilus 765:776 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 66 theme Ureibacillus 631:642 arg1 10633T 665:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T 631:670 Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity) 631:707 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 66 theme Ureibacillus 631:642 arg1 similarity 697:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity 673:706 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 6 67 dep Ureibacillus 631:642 arg1 thermosphaericus 644:659 thermosphaericus 644:659 thermosphaericus 644:659 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). 24491829 11 68 theme type 1423:1426 arg1 DX-1T 1435:1439 type strain DX-1T 1423:1439 type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T) 1423:1469 nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T). 24491829 11 68 theme type 1423:1426 arg1 33127T 1463:1468 =CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T 1442:1468 =CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T 1442:1468 nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T). 24491829 11 69 theme strain 1428:1433 arg1 DX-1T 1435:1439 type strain DX-1T 1423:1439 type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T) 1423:1469 nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T). 24491829 11 69 theme strain 1428:1433 arg1 33127T 1463:1468 =CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T 1442:1468 =CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T 1442:1468 nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T). 24491829 8 70 theme major 969:973 arg1 % 999:999 >5% 997:999 >5% 997:999 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 8 70 theme major 969:973 arg1 iso-C16:0 1007:1015 iso-C16:0 1007:1015 iso-C16:0 1007:1015 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 24491829 8 70 theme major 969:973 arg1 acids 990:994 the major cellular fatty acids 965:994 the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) 965:1000 The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. 25134520 0 0 theme teat 73:76 arg1 model 86:90 a teat explant model 71:90 a teat explant model 71:90 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 25134520 5 1 dep Chemokine 627:635 arg1 CCL20 651:655 CCL20 651:655 CCL20 651:655 Chemokine (CXCL8, CCL5, CCL20) and TNF-α mRNA were expressed at low levels in both locations. 25134520 5 1 dep Chemokine 627:635 arg1 CCL5 645:648 CCL5 645:648 CCL5 645:648 Chemokine (CXCL8, CCL5, CCL20) and TNF-α mRNA were expressed at low levels in both locations. 25134520 5 1 dep Chemokine 627:635 arg1 CXCL8 638:642 CXCL8 638:642 CXCL8 638:642 Chemokine (CXCL8, CCL5, CCL20) and TNF-α mRNA were expressed at low levels in both locations. 25134520 10 2 theme high 1029:1032 arg1 expression 1052:1061 high constitutive mRNA expression 1029:1061 high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12) 1029:1092 Compared with TC, the FR showed high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12). 25134520 0 3 from expression 18:27 arg1 model 86:90 a teat explant model 71:90 a teat explant model 71:90 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 25134520 10 4 dep proteins 1071:1078 arg1 A9 1085:1086 A9 1085:1086 A9 1085:1086 Compared with TC, the FR showed high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12). 25134520 10 4 dep proteins 1071:1078 arg1 A8 1081:1082 A8 1081:1082 A8 1081:1082 Compared with TC, the FR showed high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12). 25134520 10 4 dep proteins 1071:1078 arg1 A12 1089:1091 A12 1089:1091 A12 1089:1091 Compared with TC, the FR showed high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12). 25134520 8 5 theme LPS- 866:869 arg1 supernatants 898:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants 866:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants 866:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants contained CXCL8 and CXCL3. 25134520 0 6 theme explant 78:84 arg1 model 86:90 a teat explant model 71:90 a teat explant model 71:90 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 25134520 6 7 theme chemokines 793:802 arg1 abundance 769:777 the mRNA abundance 760:777 the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α 760:812 Explant stimulation with LPS increased the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α. 25134520 8 8 theme explant 890:896 arg1 supernatants 898:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants 866:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants 866:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants contained CXCL8 and CXCL3. 25134520 12 9 theme immune 1342:1347 arg1 response 1349:1356 a pathogen- and location-specific immune response 1308:1356 a pathogen- and location-specific immune response 1308:1356 The novel model system underpins the role of the teat for recognising pathogens and shaping a pathogen- and location-specific immune response. 25134520 6 10 theme tested 786:791 arg1 chemokines 793:802 all tested chemokines 782:802 all tested chemokines 782:802 Explant stimulation with LPS increased the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α. 25134520 11 11 theme S100A12 1172:1178 arg1 expression 1180:1189 S100A12 expression 1172:1189 S100A12 expression 1172:1189 In the TC, both LPS and LTA significantly induced S100A8, whereas S100A9 and S100A12 expression was only induced by LPS. 25134520 8 12 theme LTA-stimulated 875:888 arg1 supernatants 898:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants 866:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants 866:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants contained CXCL8 and CXCL3. 25134520 12 13 theme teat 1265:1268 arg1 role 1253:1256 the role 1249:1256 the role of the teat for recognising pathogens and shaping a pathogen- and location-specific immune response 1249:1356 The novel model system underpins the role of the teat for recognising pathogens and shaping a pathogen- and location-specific immune response. 25134520 4 14 theme FR 607:608 arg1 composition 592:602 the cellular composition 579:602 the cellular composition of FR and TC explants 579:624 Quantitative stereological analysis confirmed differences in the cellular composition of FR and TC explants. 25134520 3 15 theme in vitro 362:369 arg1 model 371:375 an in vitro model 359:375 an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA) 359:515 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 3 16 theme Escherichia 446:456 arg1 LPS 463:465 Escherichia coli LPS 446:465 Escherichia coli LPS 446:465 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 4 17 theme cellular 583:590 arg1 composition 592:602 the cellular composition 579:602 the cellular composition of FR and TC explants 579:624 Quantitative stereological analysis confirmed differences in the cellular composition of FR and TC explants. 25134520 7 18 with Stimulation 815:825 arg1 LTA 832:834 LTA 832:834 LTA 832:834 Stimulation with LTA only induced CCL20 and CXCL8. 25134520 2 19 theme teat 274:277 arg1 TC 288:289 TC 288:289 TC 288:289 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 2 19 theme teat 274:277 arg1 cistern 279:285 teat cistern 274:285 two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] 222:291 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 2 20 dep regions 237:243 arg1 rosette 260:266 [Fürstenberg's rosette 245:266 two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] 222:291 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 2 20 dep regions 237:243 arg1 TC 288:289 TC 288:289 TC 288:289 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 2 20 dep regions 237:243 arg1 cistern 279:285 teat cistern 274:285 two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] 222:291 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 2 20 dep regions 237:243 arg1 FR 269:270 FR 269:270 FR 269:270 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 0 21 theme Location-specific 0:16 arg1 expression 18:27 Location-specific expression 0:27 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 0:91 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 25134520 3 22 theme lipoteichoic 493:504 arg1 LTA 512:514 LTA 512:514 LTA 512:514 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 3 22 theme lipoteichoic 493:504 arg1 acid 506:509 lipoteichoic acid 493:509 lipoteichoic acid (LTA) 493:515 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 1 23 theme invading 161:168 arg1 pathogens 170:178 invading pathogens 161:178 invading pathogens 161:178 The distal compartments of the udder are the first to interact with invading pathogens. 25134520 0 24 theme chemokines 32:41 arg1 expression 18:27 Location-specific expression 0:27 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 0:91 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 25134520 10 25 theme mRNA 1047:1050 arg1 expression 1052:1061 high constitutive mRNA expression 1029:1061 high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12) 1029:1092 Compared with TC, the FR showed high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12). 25134520 5 26 theme low 691:693 arg1 levels 695:700 low levels 691:700 low levels 691:700 Chemokine (CXCL8, CCL5, CCL20) and TNF-α mRNA were expressed at low levels in both locations. 25134520 6 27 with stimulation 729:739 arg1 LPS 746:748 LPS 746:748 LPS 746:748 Explant stimulation with LPS increased the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α. 25134520 12 28 theme model 1226:1230 arg1 system 1232:1237 The novel model system 1216:1237 The novel model system 1216:1237 The novel model system underpins the role of the teat for recognising pathogens and shaping a pathogen- and location-specific immune response. 25134520 10 29 theme constitutive 1034:1045 arg1 expression 1052:1061 high constitutive mRNA expression 1029:1061 high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12) 1029:1092 Compared with TC, the FR showed high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12). 25134520 4 30 from differences 564:574 arg1 composition 592:602 the cellular composition 579:602 the cellular composition of FR and TC explants 579:624 Quantitative stereological analysis confirmed differences in the cellular composition of FR and TC explants. 25134520 4 31 theme TC 614:615 arg1 composition 592:602 the cellular composition 579:602 the cellular composition of FR and TC explants 579:624 Quantitative stereological analysis confirmed differences in the cellular composition of FR and TC explants. 25134520 0 32 theme TNF-α 44:48 arg1 expression 18:27 Location-specific expression 0:27 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 0:91 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 25134520 3 33 dep Escherichia 446:456 arg1 coli 458:461 coli 458:461 coli 458:461 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 6 34 theme mRNA 764:767 arg1 abundance 769:777 the mRNA abundance 760:777 the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α 760:812 Explant stimulation with LPS increased the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α. 25134520 12 35 theme novel 1220:1224 arg1 system 1232:1237 The novel model system 1216:1237 The novel model system 1216:1237 The novel model system underpins the role of the teat for recognising pathogens and shaping a pathogen- and location-specific immune response. 25134520 0 36 theme S100 54:57 arg1 proteins 59:66 S100 proteins 54:66 S100 proteins 54:66 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 25134520 10 37 theme proteins 1071:1078 arg1 expression 1052:1061 high constitutive mRNA expression 1029:1061 high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12) 1029:1092 Compared with TC, the FR showed high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12). 25134520 5 38 theme TNF-α 662:666 arg1 mRNA 668:671 TNF-α mRNA 662:671 TNF-α mRNA 662:671 Chemokine (CXCL8, CCL5, CCL20) and TNF-α mRNA were expressed at low levels in both locations. 25134520 2 39 theme effector 200:207 arg1 functions 209:217 The regulatory and effector functions 181:217 functions 209:217 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 2 39 theme effector 200:207 arg1 unknown 305:311 unknown 305:311 unknown 305:311 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 1 40 theme distal 97:102 arg1 compartments 104:115 The distal compartments 93:115 The distal compartments of the udder 93:128 The distal compartments of the udder are the first to interact with invading pathogens. 25134520 1 40 theme distal 97:102 arg1 first 138:142 first 138:142 first 138:142 The distal compartments of the udder are the first to interact with invading pathogens. 25134520 3 41 theme study 336:340 arg1 objective 318:326 The objective 314:326 The objective of this study 314:340 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 10 42 theme S100 1066:1069 arg1 proteins 1071:1078 S100 proteins 1066:1078 S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12) 1066:1092 Compared with TC, the FR showed high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12). 25134520 2 43 theme regulatory 185:194 arg1 functions 209:217 The regulatory and effector functions 181:217 functions 209:217 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 2 43 theme regulatory 185:194 arg1 unknown 305:311 unknown 305:311 unknown 305:311 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 12 44 theme location-specific 1324:1340 arg1 response 1349:1356 a pathogen- and location-specific immune response 1308:1356 a pathogen- and location-specific immune response 1308:1356 The novel model system underpins the role of the teat for recognising pathogens and shaping a pathogen- and location-specific immune response. 25134520 3 45 theme TC 409:410 arg1 explants 382:389 explants 382:389 explants of the FR and the TC 382:410 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 4 46 dep FR 607:608 arg1 explants 617:624 explants 617:624 explants 617:624 Quantitative stereological analysis confirmed differences in the cellular composition of FR and TC explants. 25134520 2 47 theme regions 237:243 arg1 functions 209:217 The regulatory and effector functions 181:217 functions 209:217 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 2 47 theme regions 237:243 arg1 unknown 305:311 unknown 305:311 unknown 305:311 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 3 48 theme FR 398:399 arg1 explants 382:389 explants 382:389 explants of the FR and the TC 382:410 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 6 49 theme TNF-α 808:812 arg1 abundance 769:777 the mRNA abundance 760:777 the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α 760:812 Explant stimulation with LPS increased the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α. 25134520 4 50 theme Quantitative 518:529 arg1 analysis 545:552 Quantitative stereological analysis 518:552 Quantitative stereological analysis 518:552 Quantitative stereological analysis confirmed differences in the cellular composition of FR and TC explants. 25134520 3 51 with model 371:375 arg1 explants 382:389 explants 382:389 explants of the FR and the TC 382:410 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 12 52 theme pathogen- 1310:1318 arg1 response 1349:1356 a pathogen- and location-specific immune response 1308:1356 a pathogen- and location-specific immune response 1308:1356 The novel model system underpins the role of the teat for recognising pathogens and shaping a pathogen- and location-specific immune response. 25134520 2 53 theme teat 232:235 arg1 regions 237:243 two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR) 222:271 two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] 222:291 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 3 54 dep LPS 463:465 arg1 LTA 512:514 LTA 512:514 LTA 512:514 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 3 54 dep LPS 463:465 arg1 acid 506:509 lipoteichoic acid 493:509 lipoteichoic acid (LTA) 493:515 The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). 25134520 6 55 theme Explant 721:727 arg1 stimulation 729:739 Explant stimulation 721:739 Explant stimulation with LPS 721:748 Explant stimulation with LPS increased the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α. 25134520 2 56 theme major 226:230 arg1 regions 237:243 two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR) 222:271 two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] 222:291 The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. 25134520 1 57 theme udder 124:128 arg1 compartments 104:115 The distal compartments 93:115 The distal compartments of the udder 93:128 The distal compartments of the udder are the first to interact with invading pathogens. 25134520 1 57 theme udder 124:128 arg1 first 138:142 first 138:142 first 138:142 The distal compartments of the udder are the first to interact with invading pathogens. 25134520 0 58 theme proteins 59:66 arg1 expression 18:27 Location-specific expression 0:27 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 0:91 Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model. 25134520 8 59 contain contained 911:919 arg2 CXCL3 931:935 CXCL3 931:935 CXCL3 931:935 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants contained CXCL8 and CXCL3. 25134520 8 59 contain contained 911:919 arg2 CXCL8 921:925 CXCL8 921:925 CXCL8 921:925 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants contained CXCL8 and CXCL3. 25134520 8 59 contain contained 911:919 arg1 supernatants 898:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants 866:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants 866:909 LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants contained CXCL8 and CXCL3. 25134520 4 60 theme stereological 531:543 arg1 analysis 545:552 Quantitative stereological analysis 518:552 Quantitative stereological analysis 518:552 Quantitative stereological analysis confirmed differences in the cellular composition of FR and TC explants. 27695931 11 0 theme APN 1748:1750 arg1 activities 1752:1761 their small intestinal APN activities 1725:1761 their small intestinal APN activities 1725:1761 Similar to the avian species above, geese fed the high-protein diets did not exhibit flexibility in their small intestinal APN activities. 27695931 4 1 theme Gallus 674:679 arg1 chickens 664:671 chickens 664:671 chickens (Gallus gallus) 664:687 We first fed juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and quails (Coturnix coturnix) on either high-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. 27695931 4 1 theme Gallus 674:679 arg1 gallus 681:686 Gallus gallus 674:686 Gallus gallus 674:686 We first fed juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and quails (Coturnix coturnix) on either high-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. 27695931 3 2 from studies 517:523 arg1 species 545:551 additional avian species 528:551 additional avian species 528:551 However, studies in additional avian species are warranted to understand generalities of these trends. 27695931 6 3 theme intestinal 961:970 arg1 APN 990:992 APN 990:992 APN 990:992 However, only mallards exhibited higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities when fed the high-protein diet. 27695931 6 3 theme intestinal 961:970 arg1 aminopeptidase-N 972:987 small intestinal aminopeptidase-N 955:987 higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities 948:1004 However, only mallards exhibited higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities when fed the high-protein diet. 27695931 9 4 theme low-fiber 1415:1423 arg1 diets 1425:1429 low-fiber diets 1415:1429 low-fiber diets 1415:1429 Birds fed the high-fiber diets had significantly longer small intestines and caeca compared to those fed low-fiber diets. 27695931 2 5 from Studies 294:300 arg1 poultry 341:347 some commercial poultry 325:347 some commercial poultry 325:347 Studies in passerine birds and some commercial poultry demonstrate that the gastrointestinal tract can respond to varying diet composition and quality by changing morphology and/or activities of digestive enzymes. 27695931 2 5 from Studies 294:300 arg1 birds 315:319 passerine birds 305:319 passerine birds 305:319 Studies in passerine birds and some commercial poultry demonstrate that the gastrointestinal tract can respond to varying diet composition and quality by changing morphology and/or activities of digestive enzymes. 27695931 5 6 theme cecal 860:864 arg1 activities 881:890 cecal disaccharidase activities 860:890 cecal disaccharidase activities 860:890 For the most part, birds fed the high-carbohydrate diet had higher small intestinal and cecal disaccharidase activities (maltase and sucrase). 27695931 10 7 theme sucrase 1538:1544 arg1 activities 1507:1516 lower mass-specific activities 1487:1516 lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase 1487:1544 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 10 7 theme sucrase 1538:1544 arg1 activities 1558:1567 higher activities 1551:1567 higher activities of APN 1551:1574 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 6 8 theme small 955:959 arg1 APN 990:992 APN 990:992 APN 990:992 However, only mallards exhibited higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities when fed the high-protein diet. 27695931 6 8 theme small 955:959 arg1 aminopeptidase-N 972:987 small intestinal aminopeptidase-N 955:987 higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities 948:1004 However, only mallards exhibited higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities when fed the high-protein diet. 27695931 0 9 theme diet 86:89 arg1 composition 91:101 diet composition 86:101 diet composition 86:101 Modulation of digestive enzyme activities in the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality. 27695931 0 10 from Modulation 0:9 arg1 tract 65:69 the avian digestive tract 45:69 the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality 45:113 Modulation of digestive enzyme activities in the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality. 27695931 10 11 theme higher 1551:1556 arg1 activities 1558:1567 higher activities 1551:1567 higher activities of APN 1551:1574 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 6 12 theme higher 948:953 arg1 activities 995:1004 higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities 948:1004 higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities 948:1004 However, only mallards exhibited higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities when fed the high-protein diet. 27695931 12 13 contain have 1876:1879 arg2 constraints 1908:1918 phylogenetic or ecological constraints 1881:1918 phylogenetic or ecological constraints 1881:1918 Overall, these experiments demonstrate that responsiveness of the avian digestive tract to diet composition may have phylogenetic or ecological constraints. 27695931 12 13 contain have 1876:1879 arg1 responsiveness 1808:1821 responsiveness 1808:1821 responsiveness of the avian digestive tract to diet composition 1808:1870 Overall, these experiments demonstrate that responsiveness of the avian digestive tract to diet composition may have phylogenetic or ecological constraints. 27695931 3 14 theme additional 528:537 arg1 species 545:551 additional avian species 528:551 additional avian species 528:551 However, studies in additional avian species are warranted to understand generalities of these trends. 27695931 5 15 theme high-carbohydrate 805:821 arg1 diet 823:826 the high-carbohydrate diet 801:826 the high-carbohydrate diet 801:826 For the most part, birds fed the high-carbohydrate diet had higher small intestinal and cecal disaccharidase activities (maltase and sucrase). 27695931 2 16 theme enzymes 499:505 arg1 activities 475:484 activities 475:484 activities of digestive enzymes 475:505 Studies in passerine birds and some commercial poultry demonstrate that the gastrointestinal tract can respond to varying diet composition and quality by changing morphology and/or activities of digestive enzymes. 27695931 5 17 theme disaccharidase 866:879 arg1 activities 881:890 cecal disaccharidase activities 860:890 cecal disaccharidase activities 860:890 For the most part, birds fed the high-carbohydrate diet had higher small intestinal and cecal disaccharidase activities (maltase and sucrase). 27695931 9 18 contain had 1341:1343 arg2 caeca 1387:1391 caeca 1387:1391 caeca 1387:1391 Birds fed the high-fiber diets had significantly longer small intestines and caeca compared to those fed low-fiber diets. 27695931 9 18 contain had 1341:1343 arg1 Birds 1310:1314 Birds 1310:1314 Birds fed the high-fiber diets 1310:1339 Birds fed the high-fiber diets had significantly longer small intestines and caeca compared to those fed low-fiber diets. 27695931 9 18 contain had 1341:1343 arg2 intestines 1372:1381 significantly longer small intestines 1345:1381 significantly longer small intestines 1345:1381 Birds fed the high-fiber diets had significantly longer small intestines and caeca compared to those fed low-fiber diets. 27695931 8 19 theme canadensis 1203:1212 arg1 diets 1215:1219 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets 1182:1219 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets that varied in both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months 1182:1307 In another trial, we fed Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets that varied in both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months. 27695931 4 20 theme Anas 643:646 arg1 mallards 633:640 juvenile mallards 624:640 juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) 624:661 We first fed juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and quails (Coturnix coturnix) on either high-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. 27695931 4 20 theme Anas 643:646 arg1 platyrhynchos 648:660 Anas platyrhynchos 643:660 Anas platyrhynchos 643:660 We first fed juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and quails (Coturnix coturnix) on either high-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. 27695931 2 21 theme digestive 489:497 arg1 enzymes 499:505 digestive enzymes 489:505 digestive enzymes 489:505 Studies in passerine birds and some commercial poultry demonstrate that the gastrointestinal tract can respond to varying diet composition and quality by changing morphology and/or activities of digestive enzymes. 27695931 7 22 theme passerine 1064:1072 arg1 birds 1074:1078 passerine birds 1064:1078 passerine birds 1064:1078 These results differ from passerine birds, which largely modulate small intestinal proteases, but not disaccharidases. 27695931 10 23 theme APN 1572:1574 arg1 activities 1507:1516 lower mass-specific activities 1487:1516 lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase 1487:1544 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 10 23 theme APN 1572:1574 arg1 activities 1558:1567 higher activities 1551:1567 higher activities of APN 1551:1574 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 1 24 theme variable 148:155 arg1 sources 162:168 variable food sources 148:168 variable food sources that may differ in composition (protein vs. carbohydrates) and quality (highly digestible material vs. indigestible fiber) 148:291 In nature, birds are faced with variable food sources that may differ in composition (protein vs. carbohydrates) and quality (highly digestible material vs. indigestible fiber). 27695931 13 25 from Studies 1921:1927 arg1 taxa 1944:1947 other avian taxa 1932:1947 other avian taxa 1932:1947 Studies on other avian taxa are needed to understand these patterns. 27695931 11 26 theme avian 1640:1644 arg1 species 1646:1652 the avian species 1636:1652 the avian species 1636:1652 Similar to the avian species above, geese fed the high-protein diets did not exhibit flexibility in their small intestinal APN activities. 27695931 1 27 theme food 157:160 arg1 sources 162:168 variable food sources 148:168 variable food sources that may differ in composition (protein vs. carbohydrates) and quality (highly digestible material vs. indigestible fiber) 148:291 In nature, birds are faced with variable food sources that may differ in composition (protein vs. carbohydrates) and quality (highly digestible material vs. indigestible fiber). 27695931 2 28 theme diet 416:419 arg1 composition 421:431 varying diet composition 408:431 varying diet composition 408:431 Studies in passerine birds and some commercial poultry demonstrate that the gastrointestinal tract can respond to varying diet composition and quality by changing morphology and/or activities of digestive enzymes. 27695931 6 29 theme high-protein 1019:1030 arg1 diet 1032:1035 the high-protein diet 1015:1035 the high-protein diet 1015:1035 However, only mallards exhibited higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities when fed the high-protein diet. 27695931 0 30 theme enzyme 24:29 arg1 activities 31:40 digestive enzyme activities 14:40 digestive enzyme activities 14:40 Modulation of digestive enzyme activities in the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality. 27695931 11 31 theme small 1731:1735 arg1 APN 1748:1750 small intestinal APN 1731:1750 their small intestinal APN activities 1725:1761 Similar to the avian species above, geese fed the high-protein diets did not exhibit flexibility in their small intestinal APN activities. 27695931 10 32 theme high-fiber 1460:1469 arg1 diets 1471:1475 the high-fiber diets 1456:1475 the high-fiber diets 1456:1475 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 13 33 theme other 1932:1936 arg1 taxa 1944:1947 other avian taxa 1932:1947 other avian taxa 1932:1947 Studies on other avian taxa are needed to understand these patterns. 27695931 3 34 theme avian 539:543 arg1 species 545:551 additional avian species 528:551 additional avian species 528:551 However, studies in additional avian species are warranted to understand generalities of these trends. 27695931 13 35 theme avian 1938:1942 arg1 taxa 1944:1947 other avian taxa 1932:1947 other avian taxa 1932:1947 Studies on other avian taxa are needed to understand these patterns. 27695931 12 36 theme tract 1846:1850 arg1 responsiveness 1808:1821 responsiveness 1808:1821 responsiveness of the avian digestive tract to diet composition 1808:1870 Overall, these experiments demonstrate that responsiveness of the avian digestive tract to diet composition may have phylogenetic or ecological constraints. 27695931 0 37 theme digestive 14:22 arg1 activities 31:40 digestive enzyme activities 14:40 digestive enzyme activities 14:40 Modulation of digestive enzyme activities in the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality. 27695931 1 38 theme digestible 249:258 arg1 material 260:267 highly digestible material 242:267 highly digestible material 242:267 In nature, birds are faced with variable food sources that may differ in composition (protein vs. carbohydrates) and quality (highly digestible material vs. indigestible fiber). 27695931 12 39 theme avian 1830:1834 arg1 tract 1846:1850 the avian digestive tract 1826:1850 the avian digestive tract 1826:1850 Overall, these experiments demonstrate that responsiveness of the avian digestive tract to diet composition may have phylogenetic or ecological constraints. 27695931 4 40 theme Coturnix 702:709 arg1 quails 694:699 quails 694:699 quails (Coturnix coturnix) 694:719 We first fed juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and quails (Coturnix coturnix) on either high-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. 27695931 4 40 theme Coturnix 702:709 arg1 coturnix 711:718 Coturnix coturnix 702:718 Coturnix coturnix 702:718 We first fed juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and quails (Coturnix coturnix) on either high-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. 27695931 5 41 theme most 780:783 arg1 part 785:788 the most part 776:788 the most part 776:788 For the most part, birds fed the high-carbohydrate diet had higher small intestinal and cecal disaccharidase activities (maltase and sucrase). 27695931 7 42 theme intestinal 1110:1119 arg1 proteases 1121:1129 small intestinal proteases 1104:1129 small intestinal proteases 1104:1129 These results differ from passerine birds, which largely modulate small intestinal proteases, but not disaccharidases. 27695931 8 43 theme Branta 1196:1201 arg1 diets 1215:1219 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets 1182:1219 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets that varied in both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months 1182:1307 In another trial, we fed Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets that varied in both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months. 27695931 0 44 theme activities 31:40 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of digestive enzyme activities in the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality. 0:114 Modulation of digestive enzyme activities in the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality. 27695931 11 45 theme intestinal 1737:1746 arg1 APN 1748:1750 small intestinal APN 1731:1750 their small intestinal APN activities 1725:1761 Similar to the avian species above, geese fed the high-protein diets did not exhibit flexibility in their small intestinal APN activities. 27695931 1 46 dep composition 189:199 arg1 protein 202:208 protein 202:208 protein 202:208 In nature, birds are faced with variable food sources that may differ in composition (protein vs. carbohydrates) and quality (highly digestible material vs. indigestible fiber). 27695931 1 46 dep composition 189:199 arg1 carbohydrates 214:226 carbohydrates 214:226 carbohydrates 214:226 In nature, birds are faced with variable food sources that may differ in composition (protein vs. carbohydrates) and quality (highly digestible material vs. indigestible fiber). 27695931 2 47 theme varying 408:414 arg1 composition 421:431 varying diet composition 408:431 varying diet composition 408:431 Studies in passerine birds and some commercial poultry demonstrate that the gastrointestinal tract can respond to varying diet composition and quality by changing morphology and/or activities of digestive enzymes. 27695931 2 48 theme gastrointestinal 370:385 arg1 tract 387:391 the gastrointestinal tract 366:391 the gastrointestinal tract 366:391 Studies in passerine birds and some commercial poultry demonstrate that the gastrointestinal tract can respond to varying diet composition and quality by changing morphology and/or activities of digestive enzymes. 27695931 0 49 theme avian 49:53 arg1 tract 65:69 the avian digestive tract 45:69 the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality 45:113 Modulation of digestive enzyme activities in the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality. 27695931 1 50 theme indigestible 273:284 arg1 fiber 286:290 indigestible fiber 273:290 indigestible fiber 273:290 In nature, birds are faced with variable food sources that may differ in composition (protein vs. carbohydrates) and quality (highly digestible material vs. indigestible fiber). 27695931 10 51 theme mass-specific 1493:1505 arg1 activities 1507:1516 lower mass-specific activities 1487:1516 lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase 1487:1544 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 10 52 theme small 1521:1525 arg1 sucrase 1538:1544 small intestinal sucrase 1521:1544 small intestinal sucrase 1521:1544 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 2 53 theme passerine 305:313 arg1 birds 315:319 passerine birds 305:319 passerine birds 305:319 Studies in passerine birds and some commercial poultry demonstrate that the gastrointestinal tract can respond to varying diet composition and quality by changing morphology and/or activities of digestive enzymes. 27695931 7 54 theme small 1104:1108 arg1 proteases 1121:1129 small intestinal proteases 1104:1129 small intestinal proteases 1104:1129 These results differ from passerine birds, which largely modulate small intestinal proteases, but not disaccharidases. 27695931 9 55 theme high-fiber 1324:1333 arg1 diets 1335:1339 the high-fiber diets 1320:1339 the high-fiber diets 1320:1339 Birds fed the high-fiber diets had significantly longer small intestines and caeca compared to those fed low-fiber diets. 27695931 10 56 theme lower 1487:1491 arg1 activities 1507:1516 lower mass-specific activities 1487:1516 lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase 1487:1544 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 11 57 theme high-protein 1675:1686 arg1 diets 1688:1692 the high-protein diets 1671:1692 the high-protein diets 1671:1692 Similar to the avian species above, geese fed the high-protein diets did not exhibit flexibility in their small intestinal APN activities. 27695931 12 58 theme diet 1855:1858 arg1 composition 1860:1870 diet composition 1855:1870 diet composition 1855:1870 Overall, these experiments demonstrate that responsiveness of the avian digestive tract to diet composition may have phylogenetic or ecological constraints. 27695931 0 59 from tract 65:69 arg1 relation 74:81 relation 74:81 relation to diet composition and quality 74:113 Modulation of digestive enzyme activities in the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality. 27695931 10 60 theme small 1599:1603 arg1 intestine 1605:1613 the small intestine 1595:1613 the small intestine 1595:1613 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 1 61 dep quality 233:239 arg1 material 260:267 highly digestible material 242:267 highly digestible material 242:267 In nature, birds are faced with variable food sources that may differ in composition (protein vs. carbohydrates) and quality (highly digestible material vs. indigestible fiber). 27695931 1 61 dep quality 233:239 arg1 fiber 286:290 indigestible fiber 273:290 indigestible fiber 273:290 In nature, birds are faced with variable food sources that may differ in composition (protein vs. carbohydrates) and quality (highly digestible material vs. indigestible fiber). 27695931 4 62 theme high-protein 752:763 arg1 diets 765:769 high-protein diets 752:769 high-protein diets 752:769 We first fed juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and quails (Coturnix coturnix) on either high-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. 27695931 5 63 dep higher 832:837 arg1 activities 881:890 cecal disaccharidase activities 860:890 cecal disaccharidase activities 860:890 For the most part, birds fed the high-carbohydrate diet had higher small intestinal and cecal disaccharidase activities (maltase and sucrase). 27695931 5 63 dep higher 832:837 arg1 intestinal 845:854 intestinal 845:854 intestinal 845:854 For the most part, birds fed the high-carbohydrate diet had higher small intestinal and cecal disaccharidase activities (maltase and sucrase). 27695931 5 63 dep higher 832:837 arg1 sucrase 905:911 sucrase 905:911 sucrase 905:911 For the most part, birds fed the high-carbohydrate diet had higher small intestinal and cecal disaccharidase activities (maltase and sucrase). 27695931 5 63 dep higher 832:837 arg1 maltase 893:899 maltase 893:899 maltase 893:899 For the most part, birds fed the high-carbohydrate diet had higher small intestinal and cecal disaccharidase activities (maltase and sucrase). 27695931 8 64 theme protein 1247:1253 arg1 concentrations 1265:1278 both their protein and fiber concentrations 1236:1278 both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months 1236:1307 In another trial, we fed Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets that varied in both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months. 27695931 11 65 from flexibility 1710:1720 arg1 activities 1752:1761 their small intestinal APN activities 1725:1761 their small intestinal APN activities 1725:1761 Similar to the avian species above, geese fed the high-protein diets did not exhibit flexibility in their small intestinal APN activities. 27695931 12 66 theme ecological 1897:1906 arg1 constraints 1908:1918 phylogenetic or ecological constraints 1881:1918 phylogenetic or ecological constraints 1881:1918 Overall, these experiments demonstrate that responsiveness of the avian digestive tract to diet composition may have phylogenetic or ecological constraints. 27695931 8 67 theme fiber 1259:1263 arg1 concentrations 1265:1278 both their protein and fiber concentrations 1236:1278 both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months 1236:1307 In another trial, we fed Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets that varied in both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months. 27695931 12 68 theme phylogenetic 1881:1892 arg1 constraints 1908:1918 phylogenetic or ecological constraints 1881:1918 phylogenetic or ecological constraints 1881:1918 Overall, these experiments demonstrate that responsiveness of the avian digestive tract to diet composition may have phylogenetic or ecological constraints. 27695931 12 69 theme digestive 1836:1844 arg1 tract 1846:1850 the avian digestive tract 1826:1850 the avian digestive tract 1826:1850 Overall, these experiments demonstrate that responsiveness of the avian digestive tract to diet composition may have phylogenetic or ecological constraints. 27695931 8 70 theme Canada 1182:1187 arg1 diets 1215:1219 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets 1182:1219 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets that varied in both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months 1182:1307 In another trial, we fed Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets that varied in both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months. 27695931 10 71 theme intestinal 1527:1536 arg1 sucrase 1538:1544 small intestinal sucrase 1521:1544 small intestinal sucrase 1521:1544 Additionally, geese fed the high-fiber diets exhibited lower mass-specific activities of small intestinal sucrase, and higher activities of APN when summed across the small intestine and ceca. 27695931 4 72 theme juvenile 624:631 arg1 mallards 633:640 juvenile mallards 624:640 juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) 624:661 We first fed juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and quails (Coturnix coturnix) on either high-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. 27695931 4 72 theme juvenile 624:631 arg1 platyrhynchos 648:660 Anas platyrhynchos 643:660 Anas platyrhynchos 643:660 We first fed juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and quails (Coturnix coturnix) on either high-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. 27695931 2 73 theme commercial 330:339 arg1 poultry 341:347 some commercial poultry 325:347 some commercial poultry 325:347 Studies in passerine birds and some commercial poultry demonstrate that the gastrointestinal tract can respond to varying diet composition and quality by changing morphology and/or activities of digestive enzymes. 27695931 8 74 theme geese 1189:1193 arg1 diets 1215:1219 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets 1182:1219 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets that varied in both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months 1182:1307 In another trial, we fed Canada geese (Branta canadensis) diets that varied in both their protein and fiber concentrations for approximately 3.5 months. 27695931 9 75 theme longer 1359:1364 arg1 intestines 1372:1381 significantly longer small intestines 1345:1381 significantly longer small intestines 1345:1381 Birds fed the high-fiber diets had significantly longer small intestines and caeca compared to those fed low-fiber diets. 27695931 0 76 theme digestive 55:63 arg1 tract 65:69 the avian digestive tract 45:69 the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality 45:113 Modulation of digestive enzyme activities in the avian digestive tract in relation to diet composition and quality. 27695931 3 77 theme trends 603:608 arg1 generalities 581:592 generalities 581:592 generalities of these trends 581:608 However, studies in additional avian species are warranted to understand generalities of these trends. 27695931 9 78 theme small 1366:1370 arg1 intestines 1372:1381 significantly longer small intestines 1345:1381 significantly longer small intestines 1345:1381 Birds fed the high-fiber diets had significantly longer small intestines and caeca compared to those fed low-fiber diets. 27695931 6 79 theme aminopeptidase-N 972:987 arg1 activities 995:1004 higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities 948:1004 higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities 948:1004 However, only mallards exhibited higher small intestinal aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities when fed the high-protein diet. 26337136 13 0 dep populations 1687:1697 arg1 AMCs 1710:1713 AMCs 1710:1713 AMCs 1710:1713 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans were similarly expressed on the glycocalyx of the mesenchymal cell populations (EMTCs and AMCs). 26337136 13 0 dep populations 1687:1697 arg1 EMTCs 1700:1704 EMTCs 1700:1704 EMTCs 1700:1704 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans were similarly expressed on the glycocalyx of the mesenchymal cell populations (EMTCs and AMCs). 26337136 5 1 theme EMTCs 715:719 arg1 differentiation 665:679 in vitro multipotent differentiation 644:679 in vitro multipotent differentiation 644:679 Immunocytoscreen, in vitro multipotent differentiation and molecular characterization of EMTCs were performed. 26337136 5 1 theme EMTCs 715:719 arg1 Immunocytoscreen 626:641 Immunocytoscreen 626:641 Immunocytoscreen 626:641 Immunocytoscreen, in vitro multipotent differentiation and molecular characterization of EMTCs were performed. 26337136 5 1 theme EMTCs 715:719 arg1 characterization 695:710 molecular characterization 685:710 molecular characterization 685:710 Immunocytoscreen, in vitro multipotent differentiation and molecular characterization of EMTCs were performed. 26337136 7 2 theme cell 903:906 arg1 markers 908:914 Cytokeratin cell markers 891:914 Cytokeratin cell markers 891:914 Cytokeratin cell markers were lost in EMTCs and typical mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin, appeared. 26337136 14 3 theme first 1751:1755 arg1 time 1757:1760 the first time 1747:1760 the first time 1747:1760 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 14 4 theme glycosylation 1906:1918 arg1 changes 1920:1926 glycosylation changes 1906:1926 glycosylation changes 1906:1926 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 6 5 theme glycan 843:848 arg1 pattern 850:856 the glycan pattern 839:856 the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx 839:888 In combination with saponification and sialidase digestion, a panel of 12 lectins was used to analyze the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx. 26337136 1 6 theme amniotic 192:199 arg1 AMCs 220:223 AMCs 220:223 AMCs 220:223 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) spontaneously transform into amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) in vitro during cell culture. 26337136 1 6 theme amniotic 192:199 arg1 cells 213:217 amniotic mesenchymal cells 192:217 amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) 192:224 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) spontaneously transform into amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) in vitro during cell culture. 26337136 12 7 theme N-linked 1397:1404 arg1 glycans 1406:1412 mannosylated N-linked glycans 1384:1412 mannosylated N-linked glycans 1384:1412 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 6 8 dep AEC 861:863 arg1 glycocalyx 879:888 glycocalyx 879:888 glycocalyx 879:888 In combination with saponification and sialidase digestion, a panel of 12 lectins was used to analyze the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx. 26337136 1 9 theme epithelial 139:148 arg1 cells 150:154 Amniotic epithelial cells 130:154 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) 130:161 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) spontaneously transform into amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) in vitro during cell culture. 26337136 1 9 theme epithelial 139:148 arg1 AECs 157:160 AECs 157:160 AECs 157:160 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) spontaneously transform into amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) in vitro during cell culture. 26337136 10 10 dep β1,4GlcNAc 1128:1137 arg1 GalNAc 1231:1236 α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc 1207:1236 α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc 1207:1236 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 12 11 gly mannosylated 1384:1395 arg1 glycans 1406:1412 mannosylated N-linked glycans 1384:1412 mannosylated N-linked glycans 1384:1412 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 9 12 theme glycan 1097:1102 arg1 profile 1104:1110 a cell-specific glycan profile 1081:1110 a cell-specific glycan profile 1081:1110 Lectin histochemistry revealed a cell-specific glycan profile. 26337136 14 13 theme surface 1871:1877 arg1 remodeling 1886:1895 cell surface glycan remodeling 1866:1895 cell surface glycan remodeling 1866:1895 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 14 14 theme cells 1840:1844 arg1 EMT 1818:1820 EMT 1818:1820 EMT 1818:1820 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 14 14 theme cells 1840:1844 arg1 transition 1806:1815 the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition 1767:1815 the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells 1767:1844 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 15 15 theme spontaneous 2009:2019 arg1 EMTCs 2021:2025 equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs 1995:2025 equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs 1995:2025 The glycopattern of equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs differs from EMT of tumoral cells. 26337136 10 16 theme cell 1295:1298 arg1 cultures 1300:1307 all the amniotic cell cultures 1278:1307 all the amniotic cell cultures 1278:1307 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 0 17 theme Equine 84:89 arg1 Cells 123:127 Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 84:127 Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 84:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 6 18 used used 823:826 arg2 panel 799:803 a panel 797:803 a panel of 12 lectins 797:817 In combination with saponification and sialidase digestion, a panel of 12 lectins was used to analyze the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx. 26337136 4 19 theme Mesenchymal 515:525 arg1 cells 527:531 Mesenchymal cells 515:531 Mesenchymal cells generated by differentiation of clonal epithelial cells 515:587 Mesenchymal cells generated by differentiation of clonal epithelial cells were considered transdifferentiated. 26337136 15 20 theme equine 1995:2000 arg1 EMTCs 2021:2025 equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs 1995:2025 equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs 1995:2025 The glycopattern of equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs differs from EMT of tumoral cells. 26337136 0 21 theme Multipotent 100:110 arg1 Cells 123:127 Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 84:127 Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 84:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 10 22 theme neuraminic 1174:1183 arg1 NeuNAc 1200:1205 NeuNAc 1200:1205 NeuNAc 1200:1205 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 10 22 theme neuraminic 1174:1183 arg1 acid 1194:1197 N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid 1165:1197 N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc) 1165:1206 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 6 23 theme sialidase 776:784 arg1 digestion 786:794 sialidase digestion 776:794 sialidase digestion 776:794 In combination with saponification and sialidase digestion, a panel of 12 lectins was used to analyze the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx. 26337136 3 24 theme AMC 440:442 arg1 lines 449:453 cloned AEC and AMC cell lines 425:453 cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes 425:512 Pure cell cultures were derived using cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes. 26337136 0 25 theme Cells 123:127 arg1 Transition 70:79 the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition 31:79 the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 31:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 3 26 theme cell 392:395 arg1 cultures 397:404 Pure cell cultures 387:404 Pure cell cultures 387:404 Pure cell cultures were derived using cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes. 26337136 3 27 theme AEC 432:434 arg1 lines 449:453 cloned AEC and AMC cell lines 425:453 cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes 425:512 Pure cell cultures were derived using cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes. 26337136 0 28 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 Changes 20:26 Cell Surface Glycan Changes 0:26 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 0:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 4 29 theme clonal 565:570 arg1 cells 583:587 clonal epithelial cells 565:587 clonal epithelial cells 565:587 Mesenchymal cells generated by differentiation of clonal epithelial cells were considered transdifferentiated. 26337136 13 30 theme populations 1687:1697 arg1 glycocalyx 1652:1661 the glycocalyx 1648:1661 the glycocalyx of the mesenchymal cell populations (EMTCs and AMCs) 1648:1714 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans were similarly expressed on the glycocalyx of the mesenchymal cell populations (EMTCs and AMCs). 26337136 0 31 theme Glycan 13:18 arg1 Changes 20:26 Cell Surface Glycan Changes 0:26 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 0:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 10 32 theme sialic 1186:1191 arg1 NeuNAc 1200:1205 NeuNAc 1200:1205 NeuNAc 1200:1205 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 10 32 theme sialic 1186:1191 arg1 acid 1194:1197 N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid 1165:1197 N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc) 1165:1206 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 4 33 theme cells 583:587 arg1 differentiation 546:560 differentiation 546:560 differentiation of clonal epithelial cells 546:587 Mesenchymal cells generated by differentiation of clonal epithelial cells were considered transdifferentiated. 26337136 15 34 theme tumoral 2047:2053 arg1 cells 2055:2059 tumoral cells 2047:2059 tumoral cells 2047:2059 The glycopattern of equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs differs from EMT of tumoral cells. 26337136 14 35 theme epithelial-mesenchymal 1783:1804 arg1 EMT 1818:1820 EMT 1818:1820 EMT 1818:1820 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 14 35 theme epithelial-mesenchymal 1783:1804 arg1 transition 1806:1815 the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition 1767:1815 the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells 1767:1844 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 10 36 theme α2,3Galβ1,3 1207:1217 arg1 GalNAc 1231:1236 α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc 1207:1236 α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc 1207:1236 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 14 37 theme equine 1826:1831 arg1 cells 1840:1844 equine amnion cells 1826:1844 equine amnion cells 1826:1844 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 2 38 theme transdifferentiated 352:370 arg1 EMTCs 379:383 EMTCs 379:383 EMTCs 379:383 Glycocalyx was analyzed to identify the glycan pattern in AECs, AMCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs). 26337136 2 38 theme transdifferentiated 352:370 arg1 cells 372:376 epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells 329:376 epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs) 329:384 Glycocalyx was analyzed to identify the glycan pattern in AECs, AMCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs). 26337136 0 39 theme Spontaneous 35:45 arg1 Transition 70:79 the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition 31:79 the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 31:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 13 40 theme mesenchymal 1670:1680 arg1 populations 1687:1697 the mesenchymal cell populations 1666:1697 the mesenchymal cell populations (EMTCs and AMCs) 1666:1714 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans were similarly expressed on the glycocalyx of the mesenchymal cell populations (EMTCs and AMCs). 26337136 3 41 theme dilution 471:478 arg1 technique 480:488 the dilution technique 467:488 the dilution technique 467:488 Pure cell cultures were derived using cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes. 26337136 7 42 theme typical 939:945 arg1 vimentin 976:983 vimentin 976:983 vimentin 976:983 Cytokeratin cell markers were lost in EMTCs and typical mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin, appeared. 26337136 7 42 theme typical 939:945 arg1 markers 959:965 typical mesenchymal markers 939:965 typical mesenchymal markers 939:965 Cytokeratin cell markers were lost in EMTCs and typical mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin, appeared. 26337136 10 43 theme ±NeuNAcα2,6 1219:1229 arg1 GalNAc 1231:1236 α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc 1207:1236 α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc 1207:1236 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 12 44 theme fewer 1507:1511 arg1 glycans 1513:1519 fewer glycans 1507:1519 fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc 1507:1568 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 14 45 theme glycan 1959:1964 arg1 profile 1966:1972 a cell type-specific glycan profile 1938:1972 a cell type-specific glycan profile 1938:1972 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 12 46 link O-linked 1445:1452 arg1 glycans 1454:1460 O-linked glycans 1445:1460 O-linked glycans 1445:1460 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 6 47 theme AEC 861:863 arg1 pattern 850:856 the glycan pattern 839:856 the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx 839:888 In combination with saponification and sialidase digestion, a panel of 12 lectins was used to analyze the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx. 26337136 2 48 theme glycan 296:301 arg1 pattern 303:309 the glycan pattern 292:309 the glycan pattern in AECs, AMCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs) 292:384 Glycocalyx was analyzed to identify the glycan pattern in AECs, AMCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs). 26337136 8 49 theme differentiation 1023:1037 arg1 potential 1039:1047 their differentiation potential 1017:1047 their differentiation potential 1017:1047 These cells retained their differentiation potential. 26337136 14 50 theme type-specific 1945:1957 arg1 profile 1966:1972 a cell type-specific glycan profile 1938:1972 a cell type-specific glycan profile 1938:1972 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 5 51 theme molecular 685:693 arg1 characterization 695:710 molecular characterization 685:710 molecular characterization 685:710 Immunocytoscreen, in vitro multipotent differentiation and molecular characterization of EMTCs were performed. 26337136 13 52 theme GalNAc-terminating 1593:1610 arg1 glycans 1612:1618 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans 1581:1618 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans 1581:1618 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans were similarly expressed on the glycocalyx of the mesenchymal cell populations (EMTCs and AMCs). 26337136 7 53 theme Cytokeratin 891:901 arg1 markers 908:914 Cytokeratin cell markers 891:914 Cytokeratin cell markers 891:914 Cytokeratin cell markers were lost in EMTCs and typical mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin, appeared. 26337136 1 54 theme mesenchymal 201:211 arg1 AMCs 220:223 AMCs 220:223 AMCs 220:223 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) spontaneously transform into amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) in vitro during cell culture. 26337136 1 54 theme mesenchymal 201:211 arg1 cells 213:217 amniotic mesenchymal cells 192:217 amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) 192:224 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) spontaneously transform into amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) in vitro during cell culture. 26337136 12 55 theme O-linked 1445:1452 arg1 glycans 1454:1460 O-linked glycans 1445:1460 O-linked glycans 1445:1460 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 2 56 theme epithelial-mesenchymal 329:350 arg1 EMTCs 379:383 EMTCs 379:383 EMTCs 379:383 Glycocalyx was analyzed to identify the glycan pattern in AECs, AMCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs). 26337136 2 56 theme epithelial-mesenchymal 329:350 arg1 cells 372:376 epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells 329:376 epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs) 329:384 Glycocalyx was analyzed to identify the glycan pattern in AECs, AMCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs). 26337136 12 57 theme mannosylated 1384:1395 arg1 glycans 1406:1412 mannosylated N-linked glycans 1384:1412 mannosylated N-linked glycans 1384:1412 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 9 58 theme Lectin 1050:1055 arg1 histochemistry 1057:1070 Lectin histochemistry 1050:1070 Lectin histochemistry 1050:1070 Lectin histochemistry revealed a cell-specific glycan profile. 26337136 4 59 dep considered 594:603 arg1 transdifferentiated 605:623 transdifferentiated 605:623 were considered transdifferentiated 589:623 Mesenchymal cells generated by differentiation of clonal epithelial cells were considered transdifferentiated. 26337136 13 60 theme GlcNAc- 1581:1587 arg1 glycans 1612:1618 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans 1581:1618 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans 1581:1618 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans were similarly expressed on the glycocalyx of the mesenchymal cell populations (EMTCs and AMCs). 26337136 1 61 theme Amniotic 130:137 arg1 cells 150:154 Amniotic epithelial cells 130:154 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) 130:161 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) spontaneously transform into amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) in vitro during cell culture. 26337136 1 61 theme Amniotic 130:137 arg1 AECs 157:160 AECs 157:160 AECs 157:160 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) spontaneously transform into amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) in vitro during cell culture. 26337136 10 62 theme Galactose 1113:1121 arg1 β1,4GlcNAc 1128:1137 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc 1113:1137 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc 1113:1137 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 12 63 from glycans 1406:1412 arg1 glycans 1454:1460 O-linked glycans 1445:1460 O-linked glycans 1445:1460 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 9 64 theme cell-specific 1083:1095 arg1 profile 1104:1110 a cell-specific glycan profile 1081:1110 a cell-specific glycan profile 1081:1110 Lectin histochemistry revealed a cell-specific glycan profile. 26337136 14 65 theme glycan 1879:1884 arg1 remodeling 1886:1895 cell surface glycan remodeling 1866:1895 cell surface glycan remodeling 1866:1895 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 0 66 from Changes 20:26 arg1 Transition 70:79 the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition 31:79 the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 31:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 10 67 theme cultures 1300:1307 arg1 surface 1267:1273 the surface 1263:1273 the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures 1263:1307 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 0 68 theme Amniotic 91:98 arg1 Cells 123:127 Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 84:127 Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 84:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 6 69 with combination 740:750 arg1 saponification 757:770 saponification 757:770 saponification 757:770 In combination with saponification and sialidase digestion, a panel of 12 lectins was used to analyze the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx. 26337136 6 69 with combination 740:750 arg1 digestion 786:794 sialidase digestion 776:794 sialidase digestion 776:794 In combination with saponification and sialidase digestion, a panel of 12 lectins was used to analyze the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx. 26337136 14 70 theme cell 1866:1869 arg1 remodeling 1886:1895 cell surface glycan remodeling 1866:1895 cell surface glycan remodeling 1866:1895 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 2 71 from pattern 303:309 arg1 EMTCs 379:383 EMTCs 379:383 EMTCs 379:383 Glycocalyx was analyzed to identify the glycan pattern in AECs, AMCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs). 26337136 2 71 from pattern 303:309 arg1 AMCs 320:323 AMCs 320:323 AMCs 320:323 Glycocalyx was analyzed to identify the glycan pattern in AECs, AMCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs). 26337136 2 71 from pattern 303:309 arg1 AECs 314:317 AECs 314:317 AECs 314:317 Glycocalyx was analyzed to identify the glycan pattern in AECs, AMCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs). 26337136 2 71 from pattern 303:309 arg1 cells 372:376 epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells 329:376 epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs) 329:384 Glycocalyx was analyzed to identify the glycan pattern in AECs, AMCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiated cells (EMTCs). 26337136 15 72 theme EMTCs 2021:2025 arg1 glycopattern 1979:1990 The glycopattern 1975:1990 The glycopattern of equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs 1975:2025 The glycopattern of equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs differs from EMT of tumoral cells. 26337136 11 73 with asialoglycans 1325:1337 arg1 GlcNAc 1364:1369 GlcNAc 1364:1369 GlcNAc 1364:1369 AECs expressed asialoglycans with terminal GalNAc and GlcNAc. 26337136 11 73 with asialoglycans 1325:1337 arg1 GalNAc 1353:1358 terminal GalNAc 1344:1358 terminal GalNAc 1344:1358 AECs expressed asialoglycans with terminal GalNAc and GlcNAc. 26337136 10 74 theme amniotic 1286:1293 arg1 cultures 1300:1307 all the amniotic cell cultures 1278:1307 all the amniotic cell cultures 1278:1307 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 0 75 theme Progenitor 112:121 arg1 Cells 123:127 Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 84:127 Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 84:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 5 76 theme in 644:645 arg1 differentiation 665:679 in vitro multipotent differentiation 644:679 in vitro multipotent differentiation 644:679 Immunocytoscreen, in vitro multipotent differentiation and molecular characterization of EMTCs were performed. 26337136 15 77 theme amnion 2002:2007 arg1 EMTCs 2021:2025 equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs 1995:2025 equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs 1995:2025 The glycopattern of equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs differs from EMT of tumoral cells. 26337136 10 78 theme N-acetyl 1165:1172 arg1 NeuNAc 1200:1205 NeuNAc 1200:1205 NeuNAc 1200:1205 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 10 78 theme N-acetyl 1165:1172 arg1 acid 1194:1197 N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid 1165:1197 N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc) 1165:1206 Galactose (Gal)β1,4GlcNAc, Neu5Acα2,6Gal/GalNAc and N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid (NeuNAc)α2,3Galβ1,3(±NeuNAcα2,6)GalNAc were highly expressed on the surface of all the amniotic cell cultures. 26337136 5 79 theme multipotent 653:663 arg1 differentiation 665:679 in vitro multipotent differentiation 644:679 in vitro multipotent differentiation 644:679 Immunocytoscreen, in vitro multipotent differentiation and molecular characterization of EMTCs were performed. 26337136 3 80 theme cell 444:447 arg1 lines 449:453 cloned AEC and AMC cell lines 425:453 cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes 425:512 Pure cell cultures were derived using cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes. 26337136 0 81 theme Surface 5:11 arg1 Changes 20:26 Cell Surface Glycan Changes 0:26 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 0:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 4 82 theme epithelial 572:581 arg1 cells 583:587 clonal epithelial cells 565:587 clonal epithelial cells 565:587 Mesenchymal cells generated by differentiation of clonal epithelial cells were considered transdifferentiated. 26337136 11 83 theme terminal 1344:1351 arg1 GalNAc 1353:1358 terminal GalNAc 1344:1358 terminal GalNAc 1344:1358 AECs expressed asialoglycans with terminal GalNAc and GlcNAc. 26337136 3 84 theme Pure 387:390 arg1 cultures 397:404 Pure cell cultures 387:404 Pure cell cultures 387:404 Pure cell cultures were derived using cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes. 26337136 12 85 link N-linked 1397:1404 arg1 glycans 1406:1412 mannosylated N-linked glycans 1384:1412 mannosylated N-linked glycans 1384:1412 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 12 86 contain had 1503:1505 arg1 cells 1497:1501 these cells 1491:1501 these cells 1491:1501 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 12 86 contain had 1503:1505 arg2 glycans 1513:1519 fewer glycans 1507:1519 fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc 1507:1568 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 14 87 theme amnion 1833:1838 arg1 cells 1840:1844 equine amnion cells 1826:1844 equine amnion cells 1826:1844 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 12 88 from NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc 1418:1440 arg1 glycans 1454:1460 O-linked glycans 1445:1460 O-linked glycans 1445:1460 More highly mannosylated N-linked glycans and NeuNAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc in O-linked glycans were expressed by EMTCs, but these cells had fewer glycans ending with fucose (Fuc), Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc than AECs. 26337136 3 89 theme cloned 425:430 arg1 lines 449:453 cloned AEC and AMC cell lines 425:453 cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes 425:512 Pure cell cultures were derived using cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes. 26337136 15 90 theme cells 2055:2059 arg1 EMT 2040:2042 EMT 2040:2042 EMT of tumoral cells 2040:2059 The glycopattern of equine amnion spontaneous EMTCs differs from EMT of tumoral cells. 26337136 1 91 theme cell 242:245 arg1 culture 247:253 cell culture 242:253 cell culture 242:253 Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) spontaneously transform into amniotic mesenchymal cells (AMCs) in vitro during cell culture. 26337136 0 92 theme Epithelial-Mesenchymal 47:68 arg1 Transition 70:79 the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition 31:79 the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells 31:127 Cell Surface Glycan Changes in the Spontaneous Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Equine Amniotic Multipotent Progenitor Cells. 26337136 6 93 theme lectins 811:817 arg1 panel 799:803 a panel 797:803 a panel of 12 lectins 797:817 In combination with saponification and sialidase digestion, a panel of 12 lectins was used to analyze the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx. 26337136 3 94 theme amniotic 495:502 arg1 membranes 504:512 amniotic membranes 495:512 amniotic membranes 495:512 Pure cell cultures were derived using cloned AEC and AMC cell lines obtained by the dilution technique from amniotic membranes. 26337136 7 95 theme mesenchymal 947:957 arg1 vimentin 976:983 vimentin 976:983 vimentin 976:983 Cytokeratin cell markers were lost in EMTCs and typical mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin, appeared. 26337136 7 95 theme mesenchymal 947:957 arg1 markers 959:965 typical mesenchymal markers 939:965 typical mesenchymal markers 939:965 Cytokeratin cell markers were lost in EMTCs and typical mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin, appeared. 26337136 6 96 theme EMTC 874:877 arg1 pattern 850:856 the glycan pattern 839:856 the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx 839:888 In combination with saponification and sialidase digestion, a panel of 12 lectins was used to analyze the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx. 26337136 13 97 theme cell 1682:1685 arg1 populations 1687:1697 the mesenchymal cell populations 1666:1697 the mesenchymal cell populations (EMTCs and AMCs) 1666:1714 GlcNAc- and GalNAc-terminating glycans were similarly expressed on the glycocalyx of the mesenchymal cell populations (EMTCs and AMCs). 26337136 6 98 theme AMC 866:868 arg1 pattern 850:856 the glycan pattern 839:856 the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx 839:888 In combination with saponification and sialidase digestion, a panel of 12 lectins was used to analyze the glycan pattern of AEC, AMC and EMTC glycocalyx. 26337136 5 99 dep in 644:645 arg1 vitro 647:651 vitro 647:651 vitro 647:651 Immunocytoscreen, in vitro multipotent differentiation and molecular characterization of EMTCs were performed. 26337136 14 100 theme spontaneous 1771:1781 arg1 EMT 1818:1820 EMT 1818:1820 EMT 1818:1820 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 26337136 14 100 theme spontaneous 1771:1781 arg1 transition 1806:1815 the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition 1767:1815 the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells 1767:1844 These results demonstrate for the first time that the spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of equine amnion cells is characterized by cell surface glycan remodeling and that glycosylation changes result in a cell type-specific glycan profile. 29083084 0 0 theme dairy 87:91 arg1 cows 93:96 high-yielding dairy cows 73:96 high-yielding dairy cows 73:96 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 4 1 theme daily 891:895 arg1 32 ± 0.49 912:920 32 ± 0.49 912:920 32 ± 0.49 912:920 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 4 1 theme daily 891:895 arg1 yield 902:906 the daily milk yield 887:906 the daily milk yield 887:906 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 6 2 theme cell 1181:1184 arg1 score 1186:1190 the somatic cell score 1169:1190 the somatic cell score 1169:1190 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 4 3 theme high-lactation 818:831 arg1 stage 833:837 the high-lactation stage 814:837 the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) 814:858 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 1 4 theme exogenous 141:149 arg1 α-amylase 151:159 exogenous α-amylase 141:159 exogenous α-amylase 141:159 In dairy cows, exogenous α-amylase is suggested to improve starch utilization and positively affect performance and health traits linked to energy balance and fertility. 29083084 0 5 theme high-yielding 73:85 arg1 cows 93:96 high-yielding dairy cows 73:96 high-yielding dairy cows 73:96 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 6 6 from bilirubin 1228:1236 arg1 cows 1111:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 6 7 theme somatic 1173:1179 arg1 score 1186:1190 the somatic cell score 1169:1190 the somatic cell score 1169:1190 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 3 8 theme high- 568:572 arg1 group 610:614 a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group 566:614 a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day) 566:632 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 3 8 theme high- 568:572 arg1 milk/day 624:631 <32 kg milk/day 617:631 <32 kg milk/day 617:631 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 6 9 theme α-amylase 1314:1322 arg1 supplementation 1324:1338 α-amylase supplementation 1314:1338 α-amylase supplementation 1314:1338 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 6 10 theme total 1222:1226 arg1 bilirubin 1228:1236 serum total bilirubin 1216:1236 serum total bilirubin 1216:1236 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 0 11 from Impact 0:5 arg1 performance 58:68 performance 58:68 performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding 58:123 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 0 11 from Impact 0:5 arg1 balance 46:52 energy balance 39:52 energy balance 39:52 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 3 12 from DM 687:688 arg1 which 638:642 which 638:642 which 638:642 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 4 13 theme treatment 957:965 arg1 group 982:986 the treatment versus control group 953:986 group 982:986 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 4 13 theme treatment 957:965 arg1 P < 0.05 989:996 P < 0.05 989:996 P < 0.05 989:996 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 6 14 from fat-to-protein ratio 1147:1166 arg1 cows 1111:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 0 15 theme cows 93:96 arg1 performance 58:68 performance 58:68 performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding 58:123 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 0 15 theme cows 93:96 arg1 balance 46:52 energy balance 39:52 energy balance 39:52 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 1 16 theme energy 266:271 arg1 balance 273:279 energy balance 266:279 energy balance 266:279 In dairy cows, exogenous α-amylase is suggested to improve starch utilization and positively affect performance and health traits linked to energy balance and fertility. 29083084 0 17 theme starch 110:115 arg1 feeding 117:123 moderate starch feeding 101:123 moderate starch feeding 101:123 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 0 18 from balance 46:52 arg1 feeding 117:123 moderate starch feeding 101:123 moderate starch feeding 101:123 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 4 19 theme α-amylase 752:760 arg1 supplementation 762:776 α-amylase supplementation 752:776 α-amylase supplementation 752:776 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 0 20 theme moderate 101:108 arg1 feeding 117:123 moderate starch feeding 101:123 moderate starch feeding 101:123 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 3 21 dep high- 568:572 arg1 milk/day 582:589 ≥32 kg milk/day 575:589 ≥32 kg milk/day 575:589 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 3 22 theme 220 ± 20.8 g/kg 671:685 arg1 content 659:665 the TMR starch content 644:665 the TMR starch content 644:665 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 3 22 theme 220 ± 20.8 g/kg 671:685 arg1 DM 687:688 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM 671:688 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM 671:688 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 5 23 theme pluriparous 1004:1014 arg1 cows 1016:1019 The pluriparous cows 1000:1019 The pluriparous cows 1000:1019 The pluriparous cows did not benefit from the supplementation that way. 29083084 6 24 from composition 1130:1140 arg1 cows 1111:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 2 25 theme feeding 308:314 arg1 experiment 316:325 a 1-year feeding experiment 299:325 a 1-year feeding experiment 299:325 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 3 26 from DM 710:711 arg1 which 638:642 which 638:642 which 638:642 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 2 27 theme addition 415:422 arg1 rate 424:427 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate 389:427 treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed 378:450 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 3 28 theme starch 652:657 arg1 content 659:665 the TMR starch content 644:665 the TMR starch content 644:665 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 3 28 theme starch 652:657 arg1 DM 687:688 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM 671:688 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM 671:688 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 4 29 theme supplementation 762:776 arg1 related 803:809 related 803:809 related 803:809 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 4 29 theme supplementation 762:776 arg1 effect 742:747 The energetic effect 728:747 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation 728:776 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 2 30 theme 1-year 301:306 arg1 experiment 316:325 a 1-year feeding experiment 299:325 a 1-year feeding experiment 299:325 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 0 31 theme supplementation 20:34 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 0:124 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 6 32 from thickness 1205:1213 arg1 cows 1111:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 2 33 theme ad libitum 502:511 arg1 TMR 533:535 TMR 533:535 TMR 533:535 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 2 33 theme ad libitum 502:511 arg1 ration 525:530 an ad libitum total mixed ration 499:530 an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR) 499:536 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 6 34 from β-hydroxybutyrate 1239:1255 arg1 cows 1111:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 1 35 theme starch 185:190 arg1 utilization 192:202 starch utilization 185:202 starch utilization 185:202 In dairy cows, exogenous α-amylase is suggested to improve starch utilization and positively affect performance and health traits linked to energy balance and fertility. 29083084 2 36 theme DM 411:412 arg1 rate 424:427 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate 389:427 treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed 378:450 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 6 37 theme serum 1216:1220 arg1 bilirubin 1228:1236 serum total bilirubin 1216:1236 serum total bilirubin 1216:1236 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 2 38 theme matter 403:408 arg1 rate 424:427 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate 389:427 treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed 378:450 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 0 39 theme energy 39:44 arg1 balance 46:52 energy balance 39:52 energy balance 39:52 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 3 40 theme TMR 648:650 arg1 content 659:665 the TMR starch content 644:665 the TMR starch content 644:665 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 3 40 theme TMR 648:650 arg1 DM 687:688 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM 671:688 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM 671:688 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 6 41 dep neither 1075:1081 arg1 primiparous 1083:1093 primiparous 1083:1093 primiparous 1083:1093 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 6 42 theme milk 1125:1128 arg1 composition 1130:1140 the milk composition 1121:1140 the milk composition 1121:1140 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 2 43 theme dry 399:401 arg1 rate 424:427 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate 389:427 treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed 378:450 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 2 44 theme concentrated 434:445 arg1 feed 447:450 a concentrated feed 432:450 a concentrated feed 432:450 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 4 45 from 32 ± 0.49 912:920 arg1 group 982:986 the treatment versus control group 953:986 group 982:986 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 4 45 from 32 ± 0.49 912:920 arg1 P < 0.05 989:996 P < 0.05 989:996 P < 0.05 989:996 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 4 46 theme milk 897:900 arg1 32 ± 0.49 912:920 32 ± 0.49 912:920 32 ± 0.49 912:920 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 4 46 theme milk 897:900 arg1 yield 902:906 the daily milk yield 887:906 the daily milk yield 887:906 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 4 47 from 5-100 days 840:849 arg1 milk 854:857 milk 854:857 milk 854:857 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 2 48 theme 12.5 g/kg 389:397 arg1 rate 424:427 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate 389:427 treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed 378:450 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 6 49 from score 1186:1190 arg1 cows 1111:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 6 50 theme backfat 1197:1203 arg1 thickness 1205:1213 the backfat thickness 1193:1213 the backfat thickness 1193:1213 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 0 51 from performance 58:68 arg1 feeding 117:123 moderate starch feeding 101:123 moderate starch feeding 101:123 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 2 52 theme ration 525:530 arg1 basis 490:494 the basis 486:494 the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR) 486:536 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 4 53 from stage 833:837 arg1 cows 875:878 primiparous cows 863:878 primiparous cows 863:878 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 4 54 theme energetic 732:740 arg1 related 803:809 related 803:809 related 803:809 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 4 54 theme energetic 732:740 arg1 effect 742:747 The energetic effect 728:747 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation 728:776 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 2 55 theme 421 328:330 arg1 cows 332:335 421 cows 328:335 421 cows 328:335 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 2 56 dep treatment 378:386 arg1 rate 424:427 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate 389:427 treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed 378:450 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 2 57 theme mixed 519:523 arg1 TMR 533:535 TMR 533:535 TMR 533:535 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 2 57 theme mixed 519:523 arg1 ration 525:530 an ad libitum total mixed ration 499:530 an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR) 499:536 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 3 58 theme late-lactation 595:608 arg1 group 610:614 a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group 566:614 a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day) 566:632 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 3 58 theme late-lactation 595:608 arg1 milk/day 624:631 <32 kg milk/day 617:631 <32 kg milk/day 617:631 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 1 59 attach linked 256:261 arg1 fertility 285:293 fertility 285:293 fertility 285:293 In dairy cows, exogenous α-amylase is suggested to improve starch utilization and positively affect performance and health traits linked to energy balance and fertility. 29083084 1 59 attach linked 256:261 arg1 balance 273:279 energy balance 266:279 energy balance 266:279 In dairy cows, exogenous α-amylase is suggested to improve starch utilization and positively affect performance and health traits linked to energy balance and fertility. 29083084 1 59 attach linked 256:261 arg2 traits 249:254 performance and health traits 226:254 traits 249:254 In dairy cows, exogenous α-amylase is suggested to improve starch utilization and positively affect performance and health traits linked to energy balance and fertility. 29083084 6 60 dep cows 1111:1114 arg1 pluriparous 1099:1109 pluriparous 1099:1109 pluriparous 1099:1109 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 6 60 dep cows 1111:1114 arg1 neither 1075:1081 neither 1075:1081 neither 1075:1081 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 4 61 theme control 974:980 arg1 group 982:986 the treatment versus control group 953:986 group 982:986 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 4 61 theme control 974:980 arg1 P < 0.05 989:996 P < 0.05 989:996 P < 0.05 989:996 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 2 62 theme total 513:517 arg1 TMR 533:535 TMR 533:535 TMR 533:535 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 2 62 theme total 513:517 arg1 ration 525:530 an ad libitum total mixed ration 499:530 an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR) 499:536 In a 1-year feeding experiment, 421 cows were orally supplemented with α-amylase (treatment: 12.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) addition rate to a concentrated feed) or non-supplemented (control) on the basis of an ad libitum total mixed ration (TMR). 29083084 1 63 theme dairy 129:133 arg1 cows 135:138 dairy cows 129:138 dairy cows 129:138 In dairy cows, exogenous α-amylase is suggested to improve starch utilization and positively affect performance and health traits linked to energy balance and fertility. 29083084 1 64 theme performance 226:236 arg1 traits 249:254 performance and health traits 226:254 traits 249:254 In dairy cows, exogenous α-amylase is suggested to improve starch utilization and positively affect performance and health traits linked to energy balance and fertility. 29083084 4 65 dep stage 833:837 arg1 5-100 days 840:849 5-100 days 840:849 5-100 days in milk 840:857 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 3 66 theme 183 ± 24.8 g/kg 694:708 arg1 DM 710:711 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM 694:711 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM 694:711 Every cow was allocated to a high- (≥32 kg milk/day) or late-lactation group (<32 kg milk/day), in which the TMR starch content was 220 ± 20.8 g/kg DM and 183 ± 24.8 g/kg DM, respectively. 29083084 6 67 from fertility 1265:1273 arg1 cows 1111:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows 1075:1114 In neither primiparous nor pluriparous cows, was the milk composition, the fat-to-protein ratio, the somatic cell score, the backfat thickness, serum total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and the fertility found to be systematically affected by α-amylase supplementation. 29083084 0 68 theme α-amylase 10:18 arg1 supplementation 20:34 α-amylase supplementation 10:34 α-amylase supplementation 10:34 Impact of α-amylase supplementation on energy balance and performance of high-yielding dairy cows on moderate starch feeding. 29083084 4 69 theme primiparous 863:873 arg1 cows 875:878 primiparous cows 863:878 primiparous cows 863:878 The energetic effect of α-amylase supplementation seemed to be exclusively related to the high-lactation stage (5-100 days in milk) in primiparous cows, where the daily milk yield was 32 ± 0.49 versus 31 ± 0.50 kg per cow in the treatment versus control group (P < 0.05). 29083084 1 70 theme health 242:247 arg1 traits 249:254 performance and health traits 226:254 traits 249:254 In dairy cows, exogenous α-amylase is suggested to improve starch utilization and positively affect performance and health traits linked to energy balance and fertility. 28335395 4 0 theme -induced 840:847 arg1 production 867:876 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production 812:876 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages 812:901 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 0 1 from Composition 14:24 arg1 Plateau 97:103 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 83:103 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 83:103 Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivities of Waldheimia glabra (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 28335395 2 2 theme essential 314:322 arg1 oil 324:326 its essential oil 310:326 its essential oil 310:326 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 28335395 4 3 from effect 746:751 arg1 H3N2 764:767 viruses H3N2 756:767 viruses H3N2 756:767 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 4 4 theme potent 724:729 arg1 effect 746:751 potent anti-influenza effect 724:751 potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 724:767 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 0 5 theme Qinghai-Tibet 83:95 arg1 Plateau 97:103 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 83:103 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 83:103 Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivities of Waldheimia glabra (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 28335395 4 6 theme essential 683:691 arg1 oil 693:695 the essential oil 679:695 the essential oil 679:695 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 2 7 theme Rinpoche 253:260 arg1 mountain 262:269 the Gangs Rinpoche mountain 243:269 the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m 243:294 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 28335395 2 8 theme Gangs 247:251 arg1 mountain 262:269 the Gangs Rinpoche mountain 243:269 the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m 243:294 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 28335395 1 9 theme anti-influenza 167:180 arg1 drug 182:185 an anti-influenza drug 164:185 an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China 164:206 Waldheimia glabra is traditionally used as incense and as an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China. 28335395 1 9 theme anti-influenza 167:180 arg1 glabra 117:122 Waldheimia glabra 106:122 Waldheimia glabra 106:122 Waldheimia glabra is traditionally used as incense and as an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China. 28335395 0 10 theme Oil 10:12 arg1 Composition 14:24 Essential Oil Composition 0:24 Essential Oil Composition 0:24 Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivities of Waldheimia glabra (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 28335395 0 11 from Bioactivities 30:42 arg1 Plateau 97:103 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 83:103 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 83:103 Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivities of Waldheimia glabra (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 28335395 1 12 used used 141:144 arg2 glabra 117:122 Waldheimia glabra 106:122 Waldheimia glabra 106:122 Waldheimia glabra is traditionally used as incense and as an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China. 28335395 1 12 used used 141:144 arg2 incense 149:155 incense 149:155 incense 149:155 Waldheimia glabra is traditionally used as incense and as an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China. 28335395 1 12 used used 141:144 arg2 drug 182:185 an anti-influenza drug 164:185 an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China 164:206 Waldheimia glabra is traditionally used as incense and as an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China. 28335395 2 13 theme chromatography-mass 335:353 arg1 spectrometry 355:366 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 331:366 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI) 331:415 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 28335395 2 13 theme chromatography-mass 335:353 arg1 GC-MS 369:373 GC-MS 369:373 GC-MS 369:373 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 28335395 0 14 theme Essential 0:8 arg1 Composition 14:24 Essential Oil Composition 0:24 Essential Oil Composition 0:24 Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivities of Waldheimia glabra (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 28335395 4 15 theme oil 693:695 arg1 evaluation 665:674 Bioactivity evaluation 653:674 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil 653:695 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 2 16 theme gas 331:333 arg1 spectrometry 355:366 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 331:366 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI) 331:415 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 28335395 2 16 theme gas 331:333 arg1 GC-MS 369:373 GC-MS 369:373 GC-MS 369:373 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 28335395 2 17 theme retention 394:402 arg1 indices 404:410 the retention indices 390:410 the retention indices (RI) 390:415 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 28335395 2 17 theme retention 394:402 arg1 RI 413:414 RI 413:414 RI 413:414 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 28335395 4 18 from production 867:876 arg1 macrophages 891:901 RAW 264.7 macrophages 881:901 RAW 264.7 macrophages 881:901 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 3 19 theme essential 474:482 arg1 oil 484:486 the total essential oil 464:486 the total essential oil 464:486 Twenty-seven compounds, representing 72.4% of the total essential oil, were identified, including α-bisabolol (20.2%), valeranone (11.8%), chamazulene (9.9%), spathulenol (8.2%), β-caryophyllene (6.1%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.2%). 28335395 4 20 from effect 791:796 arg1 H3N2 764:767 viruses H3N2 756:767 viruses H3N2 756:767 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 1 21 theme Waldheimia 106:115 arg1 drug 182:185 an anti-influenza drug 164:185 an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China 164:206 Waldheimia glabra is traditionally used as incense and as an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China. 28335395 1 21 theme Waldheimia 106:115 arg1 incense 149:155 incense 149:155 incense 149:155 Waldheimia glabra is traditionally used as incense and as an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China. 28335395 1 21 theme Waldheimia 106:115 arg1 glabra 117:122 Waldheimia glabra 106:122 Waldheimia glabra 106:122 Waldheimia glabra is traditionally used as incense and as an anti-influenza drug by Tibetans in China. 28335395 4 22 theme oxide 856:860 arg1 production 867:876 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production 812:876 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages 812:901 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 4 23 theme Bioactivity 653:663 arg1 evaluation 665:674 Bioactivity evaluation 653:674 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil 653:695 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 4 24 theme nitric 849:854 arg1 NO 863:864 NO 863:864 NO 863:864 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 4 24 theme nitric 849:854 arg1 oxide 856:860 nitric oxide 849:860 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages 812:901 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 3 25 theme caryophyllene 625:637 arg1 % 649:649 5.2% 646:649 5.2% 646:649 Twenty-seven compounds, representing 72.4% of the total essential oil, were identified, including α-bisabolol (20.2%), valeranone (11.8%), chamazulene (9.9%), spathulenol (8.2%), β-caryophyllene (6.1%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.2%). 28335395 3 25 theme caryophyllene 625:637 arg1 oxide 639:643 caryophyllene oxide 625:643 caryophyllene oxide (5.2%) 625:650 Twenty-seven compounds, representing 72.4% of the total essential oil, were identified, including α-bisabolol (20.2%), valeranone (11.8%), chamazulene (9.9%), spathulenol (8.2%), β-caryophyllene (6.1%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.2%). 28335395 4 26 theme anti-inflammatory 773:789 arg1 effect 791:796 anti-inflammatory effect 773:796 anti-inflammatory effect 773:796 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 4 27 theme RAW 881:883 arg1 macrophages 891:901 RAW 264.7 macrophages 881:901 RAW 264.7 macrophages 881:901 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 0 28 theme glabra 58:63 arg1 Composition 14:24 Essential Oil Composition 0:24 Essential Oil Composition 0:24 Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivities of Waldheimia glabra (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 28335395 0 28 theme glabra 58:63 arg1 Bioactivities 30:42 Bioactivities 30:42 Bioactivities 30:42 Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivities of Waldheimia glabra (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 28335395 4 29 theme anti-influenza 731:744 arg1 effect 746:751 potent anti-influenza effect 724:751 potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 724:767 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 4 30 theme anti-complementary 911:928 arg1 activity 930:937 anti-complementary activity 911:937 anti-complementary activity 911:937 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 4 31 theme viruses 756:762 arg1 H3N2 764:767 viruses H3N2 756:767 viruses H3N2 756:767 Bioactivity evaluation of the essential oil revealed that it exhibited potent anti-influenza effect on viruses H3N2 and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but no anti-complementary activity. 28335395 3 32 theme oil 484:486 arg1 oil 484:486 the total essential oil 464:486 the total essential oil 464:486 Twenty-seven compounds, representing 72.4% of the total essential oil, were identified, including α-bisabolol (20.2%), valeranone (11.8%), chamazulene (9.9%), spathulenol (8.2%), β-caryophyllene (6.1%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.2%). 28335395 3 32 theme oil 484:486 arg1 % 459:459 72.4% 455:459 72.4% of the total essential oil 455:486 Twenty-seven compounds, representing 72.4% of the total essential oil, were identified, including α-bisabolol (20.2%), valeranone (11.8%), chamazulene (9.9%), spathulenol (8.2%), β-caryophyllene (6.1%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.2%). 28335395 0 33 from Plateau 97:103 arg1 Composition 14:24 Essential Oil Composition 0:24 Essential Oil Composition 0:24 Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivities of Waldheimia glabra (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 28335395 0 33 from Plateau 97:103 arg1 Bioactivities 30:42 Bioactivities 30:42 Bioactivities 30:42 Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivities of Waldheimia glabra (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 28335395 2 34 theme m 294:294 arg1 altitude 277:284 an altitude 274:284 an altitude of 5200 m 274:294 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 28335395 3 35 theme total 468:472 arg1 oil 484:486 the total essential oil 464:486 the total essential oil 464:486 Twenty-seven compounds, representing 72.4% of the total essential oil, were identified, including α-bisabolol (20.2%), valeranone (11.8%), chamazulene (9.9%), spathulenol (8.2%), β-caryophyllene (6.1%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.2%). 28335395 2 36 from altitude 277:284 arg1 mountain 262:269 the Gangs Rinpoche mountain 243:269 the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m 243:294 Here, we collected W. glabra from the Gangs Rinpoche mountain at an altitude of 5200 m, and analyzed its essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the retention indices (RI). 29076622 0 0 theme species 92:98 arg1 diversity 100:108 an underestimated bacterial species diversity 64:108 an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition 64:139 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition. 29076622 3 1 theme bacterial 733:741 arg1 taxa 743:746 several novel bacterial taxa 719:746 several novel bacterial taxa 719:746 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 1 2 from samples 176:182 arg1 total 144:148 A total 142:148 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius 142:286 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 1 2 from samples 176:182 arg1 isolates 158:165 1940 isolates 153:165 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius 153:286 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 1 3 theme isolates 158:165 arg1 total 144:148 A total 142:148 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius 142:286 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 1 4 theme Bombus 251:256 arg1 lucorum 258:264 Bombus lucorum 251:264 Bombus lucorum 251:264 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 0 5 theme bacterial 82:90 arg1 species 92:98 underestimated bacterial species 67:98 an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition 64:139 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition. 29076622 2 6 theme bacterial 365:373 arg1 diversity 383:391 The bacterial species diversity 361:391 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species 361:415 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 4 7 dep Melissococcus 944:956 arg1 plutonius 958:966 Melissococcus plutonius 944:966 Melissococcus plutonius 944:966 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 0 8 theme capable 110:116 arg1 diversity 100:108 an underestimated bacterial species diversity 64:108 an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition 64:139 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition. 29076622 3 9 theme several 719:725 arg1 taxa 743:746 several novel bacterial taxa 719:746 several novel bacterial taxa 719:746 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 5 10 theme polygalacturonic 1160:1175 arg1 acid 1177:1180 polygalacturonic acid 1160:1180 polygalacturonic acid 1160:1180 While inhibitory activity against each of these pathogens was observed, only one single culture was able to degrade pectin and polygalacturonic acid in vitro. 29076622 6 11 theme isolates 1244:1251 arg1 availability 1196:1207 The availability 1192:1207 The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates 1192:1251 The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates will facilitate future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota. 29076622 2 12 contain had 550:552 arg1 B. 519:520 B. 519:520 B. 519:520 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 2 12 contain had 550:552 arg1 B. 536:537 B. 536:537 B. 536:537 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 2 12 contain had 550:552 arg2 each 587:590 each 587:590 each 587:590 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 2 12 contain had 550:552 arg2 composition 574:584 a unique microbiota composition 554:584 a unique microbiota composition 554:584 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 6 13 theme potential 1305:1313 arg1 evaluation 1276:1285 future evaluation 1269:1285 future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota 1269:1345 The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates will facilitate future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota. 29076622 4 14 theme honeybee 903:910 arg1 bombi 1026:1030 the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 993:1030 the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 993:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 14 theme honeybee 903:910 arg1 apis 984:987 Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis 944:987 Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis 944:987 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 14 theme honeybee 903:910 arg1 larvae 936:941 Paenibacillus larvae 922:941 Paenibacillus larvae 922:941 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 14 theme honeybee 903:910 arg1 pathogens 912:920 the honeybee pathogens 899:920 the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 899:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 6 15 theme microbiota 1336:1345 arg1 potential 1305:1313 the functional potential 1290:1313 the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota 1290:1345 The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates will facilitate future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota. 29076622 2 16 theme species 375:381 arg1 diversity 383:391 The bacterial species diversity 361:391 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species 361:415 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 1 17 theme Bombus 270:275 arg1 lapidarius 277:286 Bombus lapidarius 270:286 Bombus lapidarius 270:286 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 0 18 theme pathogen 121:128 arg1 inhibition 130:139 pathogen inhibition 121:139 pathogen inhibition 121:139 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition. 29076622 6 19 theme bumblebee 1322:1330 arg1 microbiota 1336:1345 the bumblebee gut microbiota 1318:1345 the bumblebee gut microbiota 1318:1345 The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates will facilitate future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota. 29076622 2 20 theme microbiota 563:572 arg1 each 587:590 each 587:590 each 587:590 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 2 20 theme microbiota 563:572 arg1 composition 574:584 a unique microbiota composition 554:584 a unique microbiota composition 554:584 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 6 21 theme identified 1223:1232 arg1 isolates 1244:1251 accurately identified microbial isolates 1212:1251 accurately identified microbial isolates 1212:1251 The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates will facilitate future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota. 29076622 3 22 dep phylotypes 617:626 arg1 reported 628:635 reported 628:635 reported earlier 628:643 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 3 22 dep phylotypes 617:626 arg1 detected 649:656 detected 649:656 detected in the present study 649:677 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 1 23 theme gut 172:174 arg1 samples 176:182 gut samples 172:182 gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius 172:286 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 2 24 theme amplicon 480:487 arg1 sequencing 489:498 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing 471:498 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing 471:498 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 4 25 dep pathogens 912:920 arg1 bombi 1026:1030 the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 993:1030 the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 993:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 25 dep pathogens 912:920 arg1 pathogens 912:920 the honeybee pathogens 899:920 the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 899:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 25 dep pathogens 912:920 arg1 larvae 936:941 Paenibacillus larvae 922:941 Paenibacillus larvae 922:941 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 25 dep pathogens 912:920 arg1 apis 984:987 Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis 944:987 Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis 944:987 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 2 26 theme 16S 471:473 arg1 sequencing 489:498 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing 471:498 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing 471:498 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 4 27 theme parasite 1007:1014 arg1 bombi 1026:1030 the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 993:1030 the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 993:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 27 theme parasite 1007:1014 arg1 pathogens 912:920 the honeybee pathogens 899:920 the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 899:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 2 28 theme rRNA 475:478 arg1 sequencing 489:498 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing 471:498 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing 471:498 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 1 29 from total 144:148 arg1 samples 176:182 gut samples 172:182 gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius 172:286 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 4 30 theme Paenibacillus 922:934 arg1 larvae 936:941 Paenibacillus larvae 922:941 Paenibacillus larvae 922:941 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 30 theme Paenibacillus 922:934 arg1 pathogens 912:920 the honeybee pathogens 899:920 the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 899:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 2 31 theme Bombus 402:407 arg1 species 409:415 these Bombus species 396:415 these Bombus species 396:415 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 0 32 theme Large-scale 0:10 arg1 cultivation 12:22 Large-scale cultivation 0:22 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota 0:54 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition. 29076622 3 33 theme first 777:781 arg1 time 783:786 the first time 773:786 the first time in the bumblebee gut 773:807 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 3 34 from time 783:786 arg1 gut 805:807 the bumblebee gut 791:807 the bumblebee gut 791:807 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 4 35 theme growth 866:871 arg1 assays 884:889 growth inhibition assays 866:889 growth inhibition assays 866:889 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 2 36 from diversity 383:391 arg1 species 409:415 these Bombus species 396:415 these Bombus species 396:415 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 4 37 theme pectin 836:841 arg1 assays 855:860 pectin degradation assays 836:860 pectin degradation assays 836:860 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 1 38 theme bumblebees 190:199 arg1 samples 176:182 gut samples 172:182 gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius 172:286 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 0 39 theme inhibition 130:139 arg1 capable 110:116 capable 110:116 capable 110:116 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition. 29076622 5 40 theme single 1114:1119 arg1 culture 1121:1127 only one single culture 1105:1127 only one single culture 1105:1127 While inhibitory activity against each of these pathogens was observed, only one single culture was able to degrade pectin and polygalacturonic acid in vitro. 29076622 0 41 theme gut 41:43 arg1 microbiota 45:54 the bumblebee gut microbiota 27:54 the bumblebee gut microbiota 27:54 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition. 29076622 2 42 theme unique 556:561 arg1 each 587:590 each 587:590 each 587:590 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 2 42 theme unique 556:561 arg1 composition 574:584 a unique microbiota composition 554:584 a unique microbiota composition 554:584 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 3 43 theme phylotypes 617:626 arg1 Representatives 593:607 Representatives 593:607 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study 593:677 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 1 44 theme Bombus 214:219 arg1 pascuorum 221:229 Bombus pascuorum 214:229 Bombus pascuorum 214:229 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 0 45 theme bumblebee 31:39 arg1 microbiota 45:54 the bumblebee gut microbiota 27:54 the bumblebee gut microbiota 27:54 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition. 29076622 3 46 theme bumblebee 795:803 arg1 gut 805:807 the bumblebee gut 791:807 the bumblebee gut 791:807 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 4 47 theme Ascosphaera 972:982 arg1 pathogens 912:920 the honeybee pathogens 899:920 the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 899:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 47 theme Ascosphaera 972:982 arg1 apis 984:987 Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis 944:987 Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis 944:987 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 6 48 theme microbial 1234:1242 arg1 isolates 1244:1251 accurately identified microbial isolates 1212:1251 accurately identified microbial isolates 1212:1251 The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates will facilitate future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota. 29076622 6 49 theme functional 1294:1303 arg1 potential 1305:1313 the functional potential 1290:1313 the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota 1290:1345 The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates will facilitate future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota. 29076622 4 50 theme bumblebee 997:1005 arg1 bombi 1026:1030 the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 993:1030 the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 993:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 50 theme bumblebee 997:1005 arg1 pathogens 912:920 the honeybee pathogens 899:920 the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 899:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 51 theme degradation 843:853 arg1 assays 855:860 pectin degradation assays 836:860 pectin degradation assays 836:860 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 3 52 theme present 665:671 arg1 study 673:677 the present study 661:677 the present study 661:677 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 4 53 theme inhibition 873:882 arg1 assays 884:889 growth inhibition assays 866:889 growth inhibition assays 866:889 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 0 54 theme microbiota 45:54 arg1 cultivation 12:22 Large-scale cultivation 0:22 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota 0:54 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition. 29076622 1 55 theme state-of 325:332 arg1 methods 352:358 state-of the-art taxonomic methods 325:358 state-of the-art taxonomic methods 325:358 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 3 56 theme novel 727:731 arg1 taxa 743:746 several novel bacterial taxa 719:746 several novel bacterial taxa 719:746 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 3 57 theme most 612:615 arg1 phylotypes 617:626 most phylotypes 612:626 most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study 612:677 Representatives of most phylotypes reported earlier and detected in the present study were effectively isolated, and included several novel bacterial taxa and species reported for the first time in the bumblebee gut. 29076622 1 58 theme the-art 334:340 arg1 methods 352:358 state-of the-art taxonomic methods 325:358 state-of the-art taxonomic methods 325:358 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 4 59 theme Melissococcus 944:956 arg1 pathogens 912:920 the honeybee pathogens 899:920 the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 899:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 59 theme Melissococcus 944:956 arg1 apis 984:987 Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis 944:987 Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis 944:987 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 5 60 theme inhibitory 1039:1048 arg1 activity 1050:1057 inhibitory activity 1039:1057 inhibitory activity against each of these pathogens 1039:1089 While inhibitory activity against each of these pathogens was observed, only one single culture was able to degrade pectin and polygalacturonic acid in vitro. 29076622 2 61 dep B. 519:520 arg1 pascuorum 522:530 B. pascuorum 519:530 B. pascuorum 519:530 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 2 61 dep B. 519:520 arg1 terrestris 539:548 terrestris 539:548 terrestris 539:548 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 6 62 theme gut 1332:1334 arg1 microbiota 1336:1345 the bumblebee gut microbiota 1318:1345 the bumblebee gut microbiota 1318:1345 The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates will facilitate future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota. 29076622 6 63 theme future 1269:1274 arg1 evaluation 1276:1285 future evaluation 1269:1285 future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota 1269:1345 The availability of accurately identified microbial isolates will facilitate future evaluation of the functional potential of the bumblebee gut microbiota. 29076622 1 64 theme Bombus 232:237 arg1 terrestris 239:248 Bombus terrestris 232:248 Bombus terrestris 232:248 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 0 65 theme underestimated 67:80 arg1 species 92:98 underestimated bacterial species 67:98 an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition 64:139 Large-scale cultivation of the bumblebee gut microbiota reveals an underestimated bacterial species diversity capable of pathogen inhibition. 29076622 2 66 theme phylotype 444:452 arg1 analysis 454:461 phylotype analysis 444:461 phylotype analysis 444:461 The bacterial species diversity in these Bombus species exceeded that suggested by phylotype analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and revealed that B. pascuorum and B. terrestris had a unique microbiota composition, each. 29076622 4 67 theme Crithidia 1016:1024 arg1 bombi 1026:1030 the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 993:1030 the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 993:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 4 67 theme Crithidia 1016:1024 arg1 pathogens 912:920 the honeybee pathogens 899:920 the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi 899:1030 Isolates were screened in pectin degradation assays and growth inhibition assays against the honeybee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis and the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi. 29076622 1 68 theme taxonomic 342:350 arg1 methods 352:358 state-of the-art taxonomic methods 325:358 state-of the-art taxonomic methods 325:358 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 29076622 1 69 theme 1940 153:156 arg1 isolates 158:165 1940 isolates 153:165 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius 153:286 A total of 1940 isolates from gut samples of 60 bumblebees representing Bombus pascuorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum and Bombus lapidarius was collected and identified through state-of the-art taxonomic methods. 26701307 2 0 dep rapamycin 716:724 arg1 agents 778:783 oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents 727:783 oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents 727:783 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 3 1 from macro- 983:988 arg1 medium 1033:1038 the bran-based solid medium 1012:1038 the bran-based solid medium 1012:1038 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 5 2 theme expression 1408:1417 arg1 pattern 1419:1425 the MpATG8 expression pattern 1397:1425 the MpATG8 expression pattern 1397:1425 Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. 26701307 7 3 theme nutritional 1986:1996 arg1 related-autophagy 1998:2014 nutritional related-autophagy 1986:2014 nutritional related-autophagy 1986:2014 Experiments involving M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin showed that MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 were over-expressed in response to oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses. 26701307 2 4 contain containing 697:706 arg2 H2O2 708:711 H2O2 708:711 H2O2 708:711 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 2 4 contain containing 697:706 arg1 medium 690:695 liquid medium 683:695 liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively) 683:798 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 2 4 contain containing 697:706 arg2 rapamycin 716:724 rapamycin 716:724 rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively) 716:798 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 9 5 theme mycelium 2363:2370 arg1 phases 2372:2377 the mycelium phases 2359:2377 the mycelium phases 2359:2377 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 3 6 theme bran-based 1016:1025 arg1 medium 1033:1038 the bran-based solid medium 1012:1038 the bran-based solid medium 1012:1038 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 1 7 from agent 301:305 arg1 L. 364:365 Theobroma cacao L. 348:365 Theobroma cacao L. 348:365 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 1 7 from agent 301:305 arg1 tree 342:345 cacao tree 336:345 cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) 336:366 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 7 8 theme oxidative 1964:1972 arg1 stresses 2016:2023 oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses 1964:2023 oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses 1964:2023 Experiments involving M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin showed that MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 were over-expressed in response to oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses. 26701307 2 9 theme chitin 529:534 arg1 synthase 536:543 chitin synthase 529:543 chitin synthase 529:543 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 8 10 theme bran-based 2185:2194 arg1 medium 2202:2207 bran-based solid medium 2185:2207 bran-based solid medium 2185:2207 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 2 11 theme nutritional 741:751 arg1 agents 778:783 oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents 727:783 oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents 727:783 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 0 12 theme metabolism 124:133 arg1 alterations 135:145 chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations 97:145 chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy 97:165 Mycelial development preceding basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa is associated to chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy. 26701307 7 13 contain containing 1868:1877 arg2 H2O2 1879:1882 H2O2 1879:1882 H2O2 1879:1882 Experiments involving M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin showed that MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 were over-expressed in response to oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses. 26701307 7 13 contain containing 1868:1877 arg1 medium 1861:1866 liquid medium 1854:1866 liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin 1854:1895 Experiments involving M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin showed that MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 were over-expressed in response to oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses. 26701307 7 13 contain containing 1868:1877 arg2 rapamycin 1887:1895 rapamycin 1887:1895 rapamycin 1887:1895 Experiments involving M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin showed that MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 were over-expressed in response to oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses. 26701307 1 14 from perniciosa 274:283 arg1 chitinases 204:213 two chitinases 200:213 two chitinases 200:213 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 1 14 from perniciosa 274:283 arg1 MpCHIT1 222:228 named MpCHIT1 216:228 named MpCHIT1 216:228 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 1 14 from perniciosa 274:283 arg1 MpCHIT2 234:240 MpCHIT2 234:240 MpCHIT2 234:240 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 9 15 theme influenced 2410:2419 arg1 steps 2421:2425 crucial and environmentally influenced steps 2382:2425 crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation 2382:2474 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 2 16 dep MpCHS 511:515 arg1 synthase 536:543 chitin synthase 529:543 chitin synthase 529:543 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 2 16 dep MpCHS 511:515 arg1 genes 559:563 autophagy genes 549:563 autophagy genes 549:563 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 4 17 theme primordium 1163:1172 arg1 phases 1188:1193 the primordium and basidioma phases 1159:1193 phases 1188:1193 The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. 26701307 6 18 theme sugars 1563:1568 arg1 quantification 1527:1540 The quantification 1523:1540 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients 1523:1606 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 6 19 theme cell 1636:1639 arg1 related 1699:1705 related 1699:1705 related 1699:1705 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 6 19 theme cell 1636:1639 arg1 restructuration 1646:1660 the cell wall restructuration 1632:1660 the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 1632:1694 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 4 20 theme basidioma 1178:1186 arg1 phases 1188:1193 the primordium and basidioma phases 1159:1193 phases 1188:1193 The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. 26701307 10 21 theme nutritional 2514:2524 arg1 environment 2526:2536 the nutritional environment 2510:2536 the nutritional environment of M. perniciosa 2510:2553 These data support the idea that the nutritional environment of M. perniciosa influences its development and life cycle. 26701307 9 22 theme primordium 2441:2450 arg1 formation 2466:2474 the primordium and basidioma formation 2437:2474 formation 2466:2474 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 2 23 theme MpCHIT2 488:494 arg1 expression 462:471 The expression 458:471 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 458:494 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 9 24 theme general 2263:2269 arg1 scheme 2271:2276 a general scheme 2261:2276 a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy 2261:2311 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 1 25 theme cacao 336:340 arg1 L. 364:365 Theobroma cacao L. 348:365 Theobroma cacao L. 348:365 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 1 25 theme cacao 336:340 arg1 tree 342:345 cacao tree 336:345 cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) 336:366 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 9 26 theme basidioma 2456:2464 arg1 formation 2466:2474 the primordium and basidioma formation 2437:2474 formation 2466:2474 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 3 27 theme metabolism-related 843:860 arg1 genes 862:866 chitin metabolism-related genes 836:866 chitin metabolism-related genes 836:866 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 2 28 theme MpCHIT1 476:482 arg1 expression 462:471 The expression 458:471 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 458:494 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 1 29 dep witches 310:316 arg1 broom 319:323 broom 319:323 broom 319:323 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 10 30 theme perniciosa 2544:2553 arg1 environment 2526:2536 the nutritional environment 2510:2536 the nutritional environment of M. perniciosa 2510:2553 These data support the idea that the nutritional environment of M. perniciosa influences its development and life cycle. 26701307 7 31 dep M. 1830:1831 arg1 perniciosa 1833:1842 perniciosa 1833:1842 perniciosa 1833:1842 Experiments involving M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin showed that MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 were over-expressed in response to oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses. 26701307 1 32 theme cacao 358:362 arg1 L. 364:365 Theobroma cacao L. 348:365 Theobroma cacao L. 348:365 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 1 32 theme cacao 358:362 arg1 tree 342:345 cacao tree 336:345 cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) 336:366 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 2 33 theme M. 605:606 arg1 growth 619:624 M. perniciosa growth 605:624 M. perniciosa growth 605:624 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 5 34 theme expression 1315:1324 arg1 pattern 1326:1332 the expression pattern 1311:1332 the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 1311:1355 Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. 26701307 5 34 theme expression 1315:1324 arg1 distinct 1360:1367 distinct 1360:1367 distinct 1360:1367 Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. 26701307 9 35 theme data 2238:2241 arg1 analysis 2214:2221 The analysis 2210:2221 The analysis of the overall data 2210:2241 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 8 36 from medium 2202:2207 arg1 basidioma 2170:2178 basidioma 2170:2178 basidioma 2170:2178 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 8 36 from medium 2202:2207 arg1 primordium 2155:2164 primordium 2155:2164 primordium 2155:2164 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 3 37 from sugars 964:969 arg1 medium 1033:1038 the bran-based solid medium 1012:1038 the bran-based solid medium 1012:1038 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 0 38 from formation 41:49 arg1 perniciosa 69:78 perniciosa 69:78 perniciosa 69:78 Mycelial development preceding basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa is associated to chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy. 26701307 2 39 theme bran-based 645:654 arg1 medium 662:667 bran-based solid medium 645:667 bran-based solid medium 645:667 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 0 40 theme Mycelial 0:7 arg1 development 9:19 Mycelial development 0:19 Mycelial development preceding basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa 0:78 Mycelial development preceding basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa is associated to chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy. 26701307 1 41 theme etiologic 291:299 arg1 agent 301:305 the etiologic agent 287:305 two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - 200:368 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 1 42 theme mycelia 408:414 arg1 phases 416:421 the mycelia phases 404:421 the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation 404:455 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 8 43 theme MpCHS 2065:2069 arg1 level 2056:2060 the expression level 2041:2060 the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin 2041:2115 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 8 43 theme MpCHS 2065:2069 arg1 similar 2120:2126 similar 2120:2126 similar 2120:2126 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 5 44 theme basidioma 1502:1510 arg1 formation 1512:1520 the basidioma formation 1498:1520 the basidioma formation 1498:1520 Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. 26701307 8 45 dep primordium 2155:2164 arg1 the 2151:2153 the 2151:2153 the 2151:2153 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 3 46 theme fungus 907:912 arg1 development 914:924 fungus development 907:924 fungus development 907:924 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 8 47 theme MpCHIT1 2072:2078 arg1 level 2056:2060 the expression level 2041:2060 the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin 2041:2115 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 8 47 theme MpCHIT1 2072:2078 arg1 similar 2120:2126 similar 2120:2126 similar 2120:2126 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 1 48 dep chitinases 204:213 arg1 agent 301:305 the etiologic agent 287:305 two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - 200:368 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 3 49 theme total 946:950 arg1 sugars 964:969 total and reduced sugars 946:969 total and reduced sugars 946:969 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 8 50 theme MpCHIT2 2084:2090 arg1 level 2056:2060 the expression level 2041:2060 the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin 2041:2115 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 8 50 theme MpCHIT2 2084:2090 arg1 similar 2120:2126 similar 2120:2126 similar 2120:2126 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 6 51 theme nutrient 1728:1735 arg1 reallocation 1737:1748 fungal nutrient reallocation 1721:1748 fungal nutrient reallocation 1721:1748 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 9 52 theme metabolism 2288:2297 arg1 scheme 2271:2276 a general scheme 2261:2276 a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy 2261:2311 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 1 53 theme disease 325:331 arg1 agent 301:305 the etiologic agent 287:305 two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - 200:368 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 9 54 theme autophagy 2303:2311 arg1 scheme 2271:2276 a general scheme 2261:2276 a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy 2261:2311 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 6 55 dep formation 1764:1772 arg1 the 1760:1762 the 1760:1762 the 1760:1762 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 8 56 theme rapamycin 2107:2115 arg1 presence 2095:2102 presence 2095:2102 presence of rapamycin 2095:2115 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 9 57 theme M. 2320:2321 arg1 development 2334:2344 M. perniciosa development 2320:2344 M. perniciosa development 2320:2344 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 3 58 theme reduced 956:962 arg1 sugars 964:969 total and reduced sugars 946:969 total and reduced sugars 946:969 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 6 59 theme basidioma 1797:1805 arg1 development 1778:1788 development 1778:1788 development 1778:1788 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 6 59 theme basidioma 1797:1805 arg1 formation 1764:1772 formation 1764:1772 formation 1764:1772 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 1 60 theme Moniliophthora 259:272 arg1 perniciosa 274:283 the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa 248:283 the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa 248:283 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 4 61 theme mycelial 1116:1123 arg1 development 1125:1135 mycelial development 1116:1135 mycelial development 1116:1135 The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. 26701307 1 62 theme basidioma 437:445 arg1 formation 447:455 the basidioma formation 433:455 the basidioma formation 433:455 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 2 63 theme related-autophagy 753:769 arg1 agents 778:783 oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents 727:783 oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents 727:783 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 5 64 theme MpATG8 1401:1406 arg1 pattern 1419:1425 the MpATG8 expression pattern 1397:1425 the MpATG8 expression pattern 1397:1425 Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. 26701307 9 65 theme crucial 2382:2388 arg1 steps 2421:2425 crucial and environmentally influenced steps 2382:2425 crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation 2382:2474 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 1 66 theme named 216:220 arg1 chitinases 204:213 two chitinases 200:213 two chitinases 200:213 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 1 66 theme named 216:220 arg1 MpCHIT1 222:228 named MpCHIT1 216:228 named MpCHIT1 216:228 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 4 67 theme MpCHS 1081:1085 arg1 expression 1087:1096 the MpCHS expression 1077:1096 the MpCHS expression 1077:1096 The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. 26701307 8 68 theme solid 2196:2200 arg1 medium 2202:2207 bran-based solid medium 2185:2207 bran-based solid medium 2185:2207 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 2 69 theme autophagy 549:557 arg1 genes 559:563 autophagy genes 549:563 autophagy genes 549:563 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 6 70 theme wall 1641:1644 arg1 related 1699:1705 related 1699:1705 related 1699:1705 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 6 70 theme wall 1641:1644 arg1 restructuration 1646:1660 the cell wall restructuration 1632:1660 the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 1632:1694 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 6 71 theme reduced 1555:1561 arg1 sugars 1563:1568 total and reduced sugars 1545:1568 total and reduced sugars 1545:1568 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 4 72 dep basidioma 1254:1262 arg1 phases 1279:1284 phases 1279:1284 phases 1279:1284 The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. 26701307 2 73 from growth 619:624 arg1 medium 662:667 bran-based solid medium 645:667 bran-based solid medium 645:667 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 8 74 located observed 2139:2146 arg2 one 2135:2137 the one 2131:2137 the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium 2131:2207 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 8 74 located observed 2139:2146 arg1 basidioma 2170:2178 basidioma 2170:2178 basidioma 2170:2178 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 8 74 located observed 2139:2146 arg1 primordium 2155:2164 primordium 2155:2164 primordium 2155:2164 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 3 75 theme chitin 836:841 arg1 genes 862:866 chitin metabolism-related genes 836:866 chitin metabolism-related genes 836:866 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 6 76 theme total 1545:1549 arg1 sugars 1563:1568 total and reduced sugars 1545:1568 total and reduced sugars 1545:1568 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 7 77 from growth 1844:1849 arg1 medium 1861:1866 liquid medium 1854:1866 liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin 1854:1895 Experiments involving M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin showed that MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 were over-expressed in response to oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses. 26701307 2 78 theme liquid 683:688 arg1 medium 690:695 liquid medium 683:695 liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively) 683:798 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 2 79 from development 630:640 arg1 medium 662:667 bran-based solid medium 645:667 bran-based solid medium 645:667 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 0 80 theme chitin 97:102 arg1 alterations 135:145 chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations 97:145 chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy 97:165 Mycelial development preceding basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa is associated to chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy. 26701307 3 81 theme genes 862:866 arg1 expression 822:831 the expression 818:831 the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes 818:866 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 4 82 theme MpCHIT1 1220:1226 arg1 expression 1206:1215 the expression 1202:1215 the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 1202:1238 The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. 26701307 4 82 theme MpCHIT1 1220:1226 arg1 higher 1244:1249 higher 1244:1249 higher 1244:1249 The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. 26701307 10 83 theme M. 2541:2542 arg1 perniciosa 2544:2553 M. perniciosa 2541:2553 M. perniciosa 2541:2553 These data support the idea that the nutritional environment of M. perniciosa influences its development and life cycle. 26701307 0 84 theme sugar 105:109 arg1 alterations 135:145 chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations 97:145 chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy 97:165 Mycelial development preceding basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa is associated to chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy. 26701307 1 85 theme Theobroma 348:356 arg1 L. 364:365 Theobroma cacao L. 348:365 Theobroma cacao L. 348:365 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 1 85 theme Theobroma 348:356 arg1 tree 342:345 cacao tree 336:345 cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) 336:366 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 3 86 theme solid 1027:1031 arg1 medium 1033:1038 the bran-based solid medium 1012:1038 the bran-based solid medium 1012:1038 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 2 87 theme perniciosa 608:617 arg1 growth 619:624 M. perniciosa growth 605:624 M. perniciosa growth 605:624 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 2 88 dep growth 619:624 arg1 the 601:603 the 601:603 the 601:603 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 4 89 theme MpCHIT2 1232:1238 arg1 expression 1206:1215 the expression 1202:1215 the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 1202:1238 The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. 26701307 4 89 theme MpCHIT2 1232:1238 arg1 higher 1244:1249 higher 1244:1249 higher 1244:1249 The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. 26701307 10 90 theme life 2586:2589 arg1 cycle 2591:2595 life cycle 2586:2595 life cycle 2586:2595 These data support the idea that the nutritional environment of M. perniciosa influences its development and life cycle. 26701307 9 91 theme overall 2230:2236 arg1 data 2238:2241 the overall data 2226:2241 the overall data 2226:2241 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 0 92 theme nutrient 115:122 arg1 metabolism 124:133 nutrient metabolism 115:133 nutrient metabolism 115:133 Mycelial development preceding basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa is associated to chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy. 26701307 5 93 theme autophagy 1445:1453 arg1 process 1455:1461 autophagy process 1445:1461 autophagy process 1445:1461 Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. 26701307 2 94 theme solid 656:660 arg1 medium 662:667 bran-based solid medium 645:667 bran-based solid medium 645:667 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 6 95 theme macro- 1582:1587 arg1 quantification 1527:1540 The quantification 1523:1540 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients 1523:1606 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 3 96 theme nutritional 871:881 arg1 composition 883:893 nutritional composition 871:893 nutritional composition influencing fungus development 871:924 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 0 97 theme basidioma 31:39 arg1 formation 41:49 basidioma formation 31:49 basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa 31:78 Mycelial development preceding basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa is associated to chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy. 26701307 2 98 dep together 497:504 arg1 with 506:509 with 506:509 with 506:509 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 2 99 theme oxidative 727:735 arg1 agents 778:783 oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents 727:783 oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents 727:783 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 1 100 theme witches 310:316 arg1 disease 325:331 witches' broom disease 310:331 witches' broom disease 310:331 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 26701307 7 101 theme liquid 1854:1859 arg1 medium 1861:1866 liquid medium 1854:1866 liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin 1854:1895 Experiments involving M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin showed that MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 were over-expressed in response to oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses. 26701307 9 102 theme chitin 2281:2286 arg1 metabolism 2288:2297 chitin metabolism 2281:2297 chitin metabolism 2281:2297 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 8 103 theme expression 2045:2054 arg1 level 2056:2060 the expression level 2041:2060 the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin 2041:2115 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 8 103 theme expression 2045:2054 arg1 similar 2120:2126 similar 2120:2126 similar 2120:2126 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 3 104 from micronutrients 994:1007 arg1 medium 1033:1038 the bran-based solid medium 1012:1038 the bran-based solid medium 1012:1038 In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. 26701307 6 105 theme fungal 1721:1726 arg1 reallocation 1737:1748 fungal nutrient reallocation 1721:1748 fungal nutrient reallocation 1721:1748 The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. 26701307 7 106 theme M. 1830:1831 arg1 growth 1844:1849 M. perniciosa growth 1830:1849 M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin 1830:1895 Experiments involving M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin showed that MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 were over-expressed in response to oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses. 26701307 8 107 from level 2056:2060 arg1 presence 2095:2102 presence 2095:2102 presence of rapamycin 2095:2115 Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. 26701307 4 108 theme expression 1045:1054 arg1 analysis 1056:1063 The expression analysis 1041:1063 The expression analysis 1041:1063 The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. 26701307 5 109 theme MpCHIT1 1337:1343 arg1 pattern 1326:1332 the expression pattern 1311:1332 the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 1311:1355 Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. 26701307 5 109 theme MpCHIT1 1337:1343 arg1 distinct 1360:1367 distinct 1360:1367 distinct 1360:1367 Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. 26701307 2 110 theme stress 771:776 arg1 agents 778:783 oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents 727:783 oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents 727:783 The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). 26701307 5 111 theme MpCHIT2 1349:1355 arg1 pattern 1326:1332 the expression pattern 1311:1332 the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 1311:1355 Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. 26701307 5 111 theme MpCHIT2 1349:1355 arg1 distinct 1360:1367 distinct 1360:1367 distinct 1360:1367 Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. 26701307 9 112 theme perniciosa 2323:2332 arg1 development 2334:2344 M. perniciosa development 2320:2344 M. perniciosa development 2320:2344 The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. 26701307 1 113 theme fungus 252:257 arg1 perniciosa 274:283 the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa 248:283 the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa 248:283 We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. 25934286 0 0 theme MAPK 79:82 arg1 signaling 84:92 MAPK signaling 79:92 MAPK signaling 79:92 Deconstructing the role of the ECM microenvironment on drug efficacy targeting MAPK signaling in a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma. 25934286 0 1 from role 19:22 arg1 efficacy 60:67 drug efficacy 55:67 drug efficacy targeting MAPK signaling in a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma 55:142 Deconstructing the role of the ECM microenvironment on drug efficacy targeting MAPK signaling in a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma. 25934286 5 2 theme due 771:773 arg1 composition 759:769 the ECM composition 751:769 the ECM composition due to the stroma and tumor cells 751:803 To test this hypothesis, we constructed platforms recreating the ECM composition due to the stroma and tumor cells, mimicking the brain's perivascular niche and hyaluronic acid (HA) rich parenchyma. 25934286 1 3 from kinase 177:182 arg1 melanoma 197:204 cutaneous melanoma 187:204 cutaneous melanoma 187:204 Therapeutics targeting the BRAF kinase in cutaneous melanoma have significantly improved patient survival. 25934286 2 4 theme metastases 360:369 arg1 problem 343:349 the problem 339:349 the problem of brain metastases 339:369 However, durable responses in the face of metastatic disease are rarely realized where the problem of brain metastases is generally growing in magnitude. 25934286 11 5 theme future 1494:1499 arg1 therapeutics 1501:1512 future therapeutics 1494:1512 future therapeutics 1494:1512 These data reinforce the importance of contextual drug assessment in designing future therapeutics. 25934286 6 6 theme human 895:899 arg1 lines 915:919 human melanoma cell lines 895:919 human melanoma cell lines 895:919 Using human melanoma cell lines, we observed that cell adhesion was minimally affected by BRAF inhibition but ablated by ERK inhibition. 25934286 9 7 theme Laminin-HA 1256:1265 arg1 hydrogels 1267:1275 Laminin-HA hydrogels 1256:1275 Laminin-HA hydrogels 1256:1275 In one series, potency of BRAF inhibition was blunted in 3D Fibronectin-HA hydrogels whereas Laminin-HA hydrogels protected against ERK inhibition. 25934286 3 8 theme metastatic 511:520 arg1 lesion 522:527 a metastatic lesion 509:527 a metastatic lesion 509:527 Tumor and stromal cells dynamically remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the establishment of a metastatic lesion. 25934286 11 9 theme assessment 1470:1479 arg1 importance 1440:1449 the importance 1436:1449 the importance of contextual drug assessment in designing future therapeutics 1436:1512 These data reinforce the importance of contextual drug assessment in designing future therapeutics. 25934286 8 10 theme ECM 1128:1130 arg1 niche 1132:1136 the ECM niche 1124:1136 the ECM niche 1124:1136 We determined that the composition and architecture of the ECM niche modulated drug efficacy. 25934286 10 11 theme BRAF 1400:1403 arg1 mutation 1405:1412 the same BRAF mutation 1391:1412 the same BRAF mutation 1391:1412 In the other series, Laminin blunted drug efficacy, despite both series sharing the same BRAF mutation. 25934286 2 12 theme metastatic 294:303 arg1 disease 305:311 metastatic disease 294:311 metastatic disease 294:311 However, durable responses in the face of metastatic disease are rarely realized where the problem of brain metastases is generally growing in magnitude. 25934286 2 13 theme disease 305:311 arg1 face 286:289 the face 282:289 the face of metastatic disease 282:311 However, durable responses in the face of metastatic disease are rarely realized where the problem of brain metastases is generally growing in magnitude. 25934286 10 14 theme same 1395:1398 arg1 mutation 1405:1412 the same BRAF mutation 1391:1412 the same BRAF mutation 1391:1412 In the other series, Laminin blunted drug efficacy, despite both series sharing the same BRAF mutation. 25934286 5 15 theme rich 872:875 arg1 parenchyma 877:886 rich parenchyma 872:886 rich parenchyma 872:886 To test this hypothesis, we constructed platforms recreating the ECM composition due to the stroma and tumor cells, mimicking the brain's perivascular niche and hyaluronic acid (HA) rich parenchyma. 25934286 4 16 theme cell 600:603 arg1 motility 605:612 cell motility 600:612 cell motility 600:612 We reasoned that ECM composition strongly determines drug efficacy on cell motility, adhesion and viability rendering one drug more potent and another less so. 25934286 0 17 theme pre-clinical 99:110 arg1 platform 112:119 a pre-clinical platform 97:119 a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma 97:142 Deconstructing the role of the ECM microenvironment on drug efficacy targeting MAPK signaling in a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma. 25934286 10 18 theme drug 1348:1351 arg1 efficacy 1353:1360 drug efficacy 1348:1360 drug efficacy 1348:1360 In the other series, Laminin blunted drug efficacy, despite both series sharing the same BRAF mutation. 25934286 1 19 theme BRAF 172:175 arg1 kinase 177:182 the BRAF kinase 168:182 the BRAF kinase in cutaneous melanoma 168:204 Therapeutics targeting the BRAF kinase in cutaneous melanoma have significantly improved patient survival. 25934286 4 20 from efficacy 588:595 arg1 adhesion 615:622 adhesion 615:622 adhesion 615:622 We reasoned that ECM composition strongly determines drug efficacy on cell motility, adhesion and viability rendering one drug more potent and another less so. 25934286 4 20 from efficacy 588:595 arg1 motility 605:612 cell motility 600:612 cell motility 600:612 We reasoned that ECM composition strongly determines drug efficacy on cell motility, adhesion and viability rendering one drug more potent and another less so. 25934286 4 20 from efficacy 588:595 arg1 viability 628:636 viability 628:636 viability 628:636 We reasoned that ECM composition strongly determines drug efficacy on cell motility, adhesion and viability rendering one drug more potent and another less so. 25934286 9 21 theme ERK 1295:1297 arg1 inhibition 1299:1308 ERK inhibition 1295:1308 ERK inhibition 1295:1308 In one series, potency of BRAF inhibition was blunted in 3D Fibronectin-HA hydrogels whereas Laminin-HA hydrogels protected against ERK inhibition. 25934286 3 22 theme stromal 416:422 arg1 cells 424:428 stromal cells 416:428 stromal cells 416:428 Tumor and stromal cells dynamically remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the establishment of a metastatic lesion. 25934286 3 23 theme extracellular 454:466 arg1 ECM 476:478 ECM 476:478 ECM 476:478 Tumor and stromal cells dynamically remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the establishment of a metastatic lesion. 25934286 3 23 theme extracellular 454:466 arg1 matrix 468:473 the extracellular matrix 450:473 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 450:479 Tumor and stromal cells dynamically remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the establishment of a metastatic lesion. 25934286 8 24 theme drug 1148:1151 arg1 efficacy 1153:1160 drug efficacy 1148:1160 drug efficacy 1148:1160 We determined that the composition and architecture of the ECM niche modulated drug efficacy. 25934286 8 25 dep composition 1092:1102 arg1 the 1088:1090 the 1088:1090 the 1088:1090 We determined that the composition and architecture of the ECM niche modulated drug efficacy. 25934286 5 26 theme hyaluronic 851:860 arg1 HA 868:869 HA 868:869 HA 868:869 To test this hypothesis, we constructed platforms recreating the ECM composition due to the stroma and tumor cells, mimicking the brain's perivascular niche and hyaluronic acid (HA) rich parenchyma. 25934286 5 26 theme hyaluronic 851:860 arg1 acid 862:865 hyaluronic acid 851:865 hyaluronic acid (HA) 851:870 To test this hypothesis, we constructed platforms recreating the ECM composition due to the stroma and tumor cells, mimicking the brain's perivascular niche and hyaluronic acid (HA) rich parenchyma. 25934286 1 27 theme cutaneous 187:195 arg1 melanoma 197:204 cutaneous melanoma 187:204 cutaneous melanoma 187:204 Therapeutics targeting the BRAF kinase in cutaneous melanoma have significantly improved patient survival. 25934286 6 28 theme cell 939:942 arg1 adhesion 944:951 cell adhesion 939:951 cell adhesion 939:951 Using human melanoma cell lines, we observed that cell adhesion was minimally affected by BRAF inhibition but ablated by ERK inhibition. 25934286 9 29 theme BRAF 1189:1192 arg1 inhibition 1194:1203 BRAF inhibition 1189:1203 BRAF inhibition 1189:1203 In one series, potency of BRAF inhibition was blunted in 3D Fibronectin-HA hydrogels whereas Laminin-HA hydrogels protected against ERK inhibition. 25934286 4 30 theme drug 583:586 arg1 efficacy 588:595 drug efficacy 583:595 drug efficacy on cell motility, adhesion and viability rendering one drug more potent and another less so 583:687 We reasoned that ECM composition strongly determines drug efficacy on cell motility, adhesion and viability rendering one drug more potent and another less so. 25934286 2 31 theme brain 354:358 arg1 metastases 360:369 brain metastases 354:369 brain metastases 354:369 However, durable responses in the face of metastatic disease are rarely realized where the problem of brain metastases is generally growing in magnitude. 25934286 0 32 theme ECM 31:33 arg1 microenvironment 35:50 the ECM microenvironment 27:50 the ECM microenvironment 27:50 Deconstructing the role of the ECM microenvironment on drug efficacy targeting MAPK signaling in a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma. 25934286 7 33 theme Cell 1026:1029 arg1 motility 1031:1038 Cell motility 1026:1038 Cell motility 1026:1038 Cell motility was impaired for both drugs. 25934286 6 34 theme ERK 1010:1012 arg1 inhibition 1014:1023 ERK inhibition 1010:1023 ERK inhibition 1010:1023 Using human melanoma cell lines, we observed that cell adhesion was minimally affected by BRAF inhibition but ablated by ERK inhibition. 25934286 2 35 from responses 269:277 arg1 face 286:289 the face 282:289 the face of metastatic disease 282:311 However, durable responses in the face of metastatic disease are rarely realized where the problem of brain metastases is generally growing in magnitude. 25934286 5 36 theme perivascular 828:839 arg1 niche 841:845 the brain's perivascular niche 816:845 the brain's perivascular niche 816:845 To test this hypothesis, we constructed platforms recreating the ECM composition due to the stroma and tumor cells, mimicking the brain's perivascular niche and hyaluronic acid (HA) rich parenchyma. 25934286 0 37 theme cutaneous 125:133 arg1 melanoma 135:142 cutaneous melanoma 125:142 cutaneous melanoma 125:142 Deconstructing the role of the ECM microenvironment on drug efficacy targeting MAPK signaling in a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma. 25934286 9 38 theme inhibition 1194:1203 arg1 potency 1178:1184 potency 1178:1184 potency of BRAF inhibition 1178:1203 In one series, potency of BRAF inhibition was blunted in 3D Fibronectin-HA hydrogels whereas Laminin-HA hydrogels protected against ERK inhibition. 25934286 10 39 theme other 1318:1322 arg1 series 1324:1329 the other series 1314:1329 the other series 1314:1329 In the other series, Laminin blunted drug efficacy, despite both series sharing the same BRAF mutation. 25934286 8 40 theme niche 1132:1136 arg1 architecture 1108:1119 architecture 1108:1119 architecture 1108:1119 We determined that the composition and architecture of the ECM niche modulated drug efficacy. 25934286 8 40 theme niche 1132:1136 arg1 composition 1092:1102 composition 1092:1102 composition 1092:1102 We determined that the composition and architecture of the ECM niche modulated drug efficacy. 25934286 5 41 theme tumor 793:797 arg1 cells 799:803 tumor cells 793:803 tumor cells 793:803 To test this hypothesis, we constructed platforms recreating the ECM composition due to the stroma and tumor cells, mimicking the brain's perivascular niche and hyaluronic acid (HA) rich parenchyma. 25934286 0 42 theme microenvironment 35:50 arg1 role 19:22 the role 15:22 the role of the ECM microenvironment on drug efficacy targeting MAPK signaling in a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma 15:142 Deconstructing the role of the ECM microenvironment on drug efficacy targeting MAPK signaling in a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma. 25934286 4 43 theme ECM 547:549 arg1 composition 551:561 ECM composition 547:561 ECM composition 547:561 We reasoned that ECM composition strongly determines drug efficacy on cell motility, adhesion and viability rendering one drug more potent and another less so. 25934286 11 44 theme contextual 1454:1463 arg1 assessment 1470:1479 contextual drug assessment 1454:1479 contextual drug assessment 1454:1479 These data reinforce the importance of contextual drug assessment in designing future therapeutics. 25934286 6 45 theme cell 910:913 arg1 lines 915:919 human melanoma cell lines 895:919 human melanoma cell lines 895:919 Using human melanoma cell lines, we observed that cell adhesion was minimally affected by BRAF inhibition but ablated by ERK inhibition. 25934286 11 46 theme drug 1465:1468 arg1 assessment 1470:1479 contextual drug assessment 1454:1479 contextual drug assessment 1454:1479 These data reinforce the importance of contextual drug assessment in designing future therapeutics. 25934286 1 47 theme patient 234:240 arg1 survival 242:249 patient survival 234:249 patient survival 234:249 Therapeutics targeting the BRAF kinase in cutaneous melanoma have significantly improved patient survival. 25934286 9 48 theme 3D 1220:1221 arg1 hydrogels 1238:1246 3D Fibronectin-HA hydrogels 1220:1246 3D Fibronectin-HA hydrogels 1220:1246 In one series, potency of BRAF inhibition was blunted in 3D Fibronectin-HA hydrogels whereas Laminin-HA hydrogels protected against ERK inhibition. 25934286 5 49 dep niche 841:845 arg1 parenchyma 877:886 rich parenchyma 872:886 rich parenchyma 872:886 To test this hypothesis, we constructed platforms recreating the ECM composition due to the stroma and tumor cells, mimicking the brain's perivascular niche and hyaluronic acid (HA) rich parenchyma. 25934286 5 50 theme ECM 755:757 arg1 composition 759:769 the ECM composition 751:769 the ECM composition due to the stroma and tumor cells 751:803 To test this hypothesis, we constructed platforms recreating the ECM composition due to the stroma and tumor cells, mimicking the brain's perivascular niche and hyaluronic acid (HA) rich parenchyma. 25934286 9 51 theme Fibronectin-HA 1223:1236 arg1 hydrogels 1238:1246 3D Fibronectin-HA hydrogels 1220:1246 3D Fibronectin-HA hydrogels 1220:1246 In one series, potency of BRAF inhibition was blunted in 3D Fibronectin-HA hydrogels whereas Laminin-HA hydrogels protected against ERK inhibition. 25934286 2 52 theme durable 261:267 arg1 responses 269:277 durable responses 261:277 durable responses in the face of metastatic disease 261:311 However, durable responses in the face of metastatic disease are rarely realized where the problem of brain metastases is generally growing in magnitude. 25934286 3 53 theme lesion 522:527 arg1 establishment 492:504 the establishment 488:504 the establishment of a metastatic lesion 488:527 Tumor and stromal cells dynamically remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the establishment of a metastatic lesion. 25934286 4 54 theme potent 662:667 arg1 drug 652:655 one drug 648:655 one drug more potent 648:667 We reasoned that ECM composition strongly determines drug efficacy on cell motility, adhesion and viability rendering one drug more potent and another less so. 25934286 0 55 theme drug 55:58 arg1 efficacy 60:67 drug efficacy 55:67 drug efficacy targeting MAPK signaling in a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma 55:142 Deconstructing the role of the ECM microenvironment on drug efficacy targeting MAPK signaling in a pre-clinical platform for cutaneous melanoma. 25934286 6 56 theme melanoma 901:908 arg1 lines 915:919 human melanoma cell lines 895:919 human melanoma cell lines 895:919 Using human melanoma cell lines, we observed that cell adhesion was minimally affected by BRAF inhibition but ablated by ERK inhibition. 25934286 6 57 theme BRAF 979:982 arg1 inhibition 984:993 BRAF inhibition 979:993 BRAF inhibition 979:993 Using human melanoma cell lines, we observed that cell adhesion was minimally affected by BRAF inhibition but ablated by ERK inhibition. 26671799 4 0 theme sequencing 561:570 arg1 aim 546:548 the aim 542:548 the aim of de novo sequencing of glycans 542:581 Thus, the aim of de novo sequencing of glycans is to find the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases. 26671799 10 1 theme accurate 1505:1512 arg1 structures 1521:1530 more accurate glycan structures 1500:1530 more accurate glycan structures 1500:1530 This enables us to predict more accurate glycan structures if the glycan type of given spectra is known. 26671799 2 2 theme structures 324:333 arg1 identification 306:319 identification 306:319 identification of structures of oligosaccharides 306:353 Currently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides. 26671799 9 3 theme core 1381:1384 arg1 structures 1386:1395 core structures 1381:1395 core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans 1381:1470 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 4 4 theme glycans 575:581 arg1 sequencing 561:570 de novo sequencing 553:570 de novo sequencing of glycans 553:581 Thus, the aim of de novo sequencing of glycans is to find the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases. 26671799 4 5 theme MS/MS 636:640 arg1 peaks 642:646 observed MS/MS peaks 627:646 observed MS/MS peaks 627:646 Thus, the aim of de novo sequencing of glycans is to find the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases. 26671799 11 6 theme accurate 1637:1644 arg1 sequencing 1654:1663 accurate de novo sequencing 1637:1663 accurate de novo sequencing of glycans 1637:1674 Computational experiments show that our algorithm performs accurate de novo sequencing of glycans. 26671799 1 7 theme various 157:163 arg1 technologies 165:176 various technologies 157:176 various technologies for glycomics 157:190 Recently, glycomics has been actively studied and various technologies for glycomics have been rapidly developed. 26671799 8 8 theme learning 1142:1149 arg1 technique 1151:1159 a machine learning technique 1132:1159 a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra 1132:1325 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 7 9 theme programming 1052:1062 arg1 technique 1064:1072 a dynamic programming technique 1042:1072 a dynamic programming technique 1042:1072 First, we build a suitable model for the fragmentation of glycans including cross-ring ions, and implement a solver that employs Lagrangian relaxation with a dynamic programming technique. 26671799 2 10 theme key 279:281 arg1 tools 296:300 the key experimental tools 275:300 the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides 275:353 Currently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides. 26671799 8 11 dep spectra 1319:1325 arg1 i.e. 1295:1298 i.e. 1295:1298 i.e. 1295:1298 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 5 12 dep de 748:749 arg1 novo 751:754 novo 751:754 novo 751:754 However, there are few satisfiable algorithms for glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra. 26671799 4 13 theme probable 603:610 arg1 assignments 612:622 the most probable assignments 594:622 the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases 594:688 Thus, the aim of de novo sequencing of glycans is to find the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases. 26671799 10 14 theme given 1554:1558 arg1 spectra 1560:1566 given spectra 1554:1566 given spectra 1554:1566 This enables us to predict more accurate glycan structures if the glycan type of given spectra is known. 26671799 8 15 theme support 1179:1185 arg1 machines 1194:1201 structured support vector machines 1168:1201 structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra 1168:1325 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 9 16 theme O-linked 1455:1462 arg1 glycans 1464:1470 O-linked glycans 1455:1470 O-linked glycans 1455:1470 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 0 17 from Sequencing 45:54 arg1 Spectrum 97:104 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum 72:104 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum 72:104 A Machine Learning Based Approach to de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum. 26671799 8 18 theme cross-ring 1259:1268 arg1 ions 1270:1273 cross-ring ions 1259:1273 cross-ring ions from training data 1259:1292 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 12 19 theme algorithm 1703:1711 arg1 datasets 1721:1728 the datasets 1717:1728 the datasets 1717:1728 The implementation of our algorithm and the datasets are available at http://glyfon.dna.bio.keio.ac.jp/. 26671799 12 19 theme algorithm 1703:1711 arg1 available 1734:1742 available 1734:1742 available 1734:1742 The implementation of our algorithm and the datasets are available at http://glyfon.dna.bio.keio.ac.jp/. 26671799 12 19 theme algorithm 1703:1711 arg1 implementation 1681:1694 The implementation 1677:1694 The implementation of our algorithm 1677:1711 The implementation of our algorithm and the datasets are available at http://glyfon.dna.bio.keio.ac.jp/. 26671799 5 20 theme glycan 741:746 arg1 sequencing 756:765 glycan de novo sequencing 741:765 glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra 741:784 However, there are few satisfiable algorithms for glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra. 26671799 2 21 theme tandem 232:237 arg1 MS/MS 258:262 MS/MS 258:262 MS/MS 258:262 Currently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides. 26671799 2 21 theme tandem 232:237 arg1 spectrometry 244:255 tandem mass spectrometry 232:255 tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) 232:263 Currently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides. 26671799 0 22 theme Glycans 59:65 arg1 Sequencing 45:54 de novo Sequencing 37:54 de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum 37:104 A Machine Learning Based Approach to de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum. 26671799 9 23 link O-linked 1455:1462 arg1 glycans 1464:1470 O-linked glycans 1455:1470 O-linked glycans 1455:1470 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 8 24 theme known 1301:1305 arg1 spectra 1319:1325 known glycan mass spectra 1301:1325 known glycan mass spectra 1301:1325 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 0 25 theme Tandem 72:77 arg1 Spectrometry 84:95 Tandem Mass Spectrometry 72:95 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum 72:104 A Machine Learning Based Approach to de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum. 26671799 4 26 dep de 553:554 arg1 novo 556:559 novo 556:559 novo 556:559 Thus, the aim of de novo sequencing of glycans is to find the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases. 26671799 8 27 theme mass 1314:1317 arg1 spectra 1319:1325 known glycan mass spectra 1301:1325 known glycan mass spectra 1301:1325 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 3 28 theme cross-ring 422:431 arg1 ions 433:436 cross-ring ions 422:436 cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures 422:533 MS/MS can observe MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures. 26671799 0 29 theme Spectrometry 84:95 arg1 Spectrum 97:104 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum 72:104 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum 72:104 A Machine Learning Based Approach to de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum. 26671799 12 30 from http 1747:1750 arg1 datasets 1721:1728 the datasets 1717:1728 the datasets 1717:1728 The implementation of our algorithm and the datasets are available at http://glyfon.dna.bio.keio.ac.jp/. 26671799 12 30 from http 1747:1750 arg1 implementation 1681:1694 The implementation 1677:1694 The implementation of our algorithm 1677:1711 The implementation of our algorithm and the datasets are available at http://glyfon.dna.bio.keio.ac.jp/. 26671799 12 30 from http 1747:1750 arg1 available 1734:1742 available 1734:1742 available 1734:1742 The implementation of our algorithm and the datasets are available at http://glyfon.dna.bio.keio.ac.jp/. 26671799 3 31 theme glycan 517:522 arg1 structures 524:533 glycan structures 517:533 glycan structures 517:533 MS/MS can observe MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures. 26671799 3 32 theme ions 407:410 arg1 ions 433:436 cross-ring ions 422:436 cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures 422:533 MS/MS can observe MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures. 26671799 3 32 theme ions 407:410 arg1 peaks 380:384 MS/MS peaks 374:384 MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures 374:533 MS/MS can observe MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures. 26671799 8 33 from data 1289:1292 arg1 ions 1270:1273 cross-ring ions 1259:1273 cross-ring ions from training data 1259:1292 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 3 34 theme internal 453:460 arg1 cleavages 462:470 internal cleavages 453:470 internal cleavages 453:470 MS/MS can observe MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures. 26671799 3 35 theme fragmented 389:398 arg1 ions 407:410 fragmented glycan ions 389:410 fragmented glycan ions 389:410 MS/MS can observe MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures. 26671799 6 36 dep based 817:821 arg1 learning 808:815 machine learning 800:815 machine learning 800:815 We present a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum. 26671799 6 37 theme de 835:836 arg1 sequencing 843:852 de novo sequencing 835:852 de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum 835:883 We present a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum. 26671799 0 38 dep de 37:38 arg1 novo 40:43 novo 40:43 novo 40:43 A Machine Learning Based Approach to de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum. 26671799 11 39 theme glycans 1668:1674 arg1 sequencing 1654:1663 accurate de novo sequencing 1637:1663 accurate de novo sequencing of glycans 1637:1674 Computational experiments show that our algorithm performs accurate de novo sequencing of glycans. 26671799 0 40 theme de 37:38 arg1 Sequencing 45:54 de novo Sequencing 37:54 de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum 37:104 A Machine Learning Based Approach to de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum. 26671799 4 41 theme glycan 651:656 arg1 substructures 658:670 glycan substructures 651:670 glycan substructures without databases 651:688 Thus, the aim of de novo sequencing of glycans is to find the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases. 26671799 9 42 theme glycan 1411:1416 arg1 types 1418:1422 well-known glycan types 1400:1422 well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans 1400:1470 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 9 42 theme glycan 1411:1416 arg1 glycans 1443:1449 N-linked glycans 1434:1449 N-linked glycans 1434:1449 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 9 42 theme glycan 1411:1416 arg1 glycans 1464:1470 O-linked glycans 1455:1470 O-linked glycans 1455:1470 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 9 43 theme additional 1354:1363 arg1 constraints 1365:1375 additional constraints 1354:1375 additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans 1354:1470 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 10 44 theme glycan 1514:1519 arg1 structures 1521:1530 more accurate glycan structures 1500:1530 more accurate glycan structures 1500:1530 This enables us to predict more accurate glycan structures if the glycan type of given spectra is known. 26671799 11 45 theme Computational 1578:1590 arg1 experiments 1592:1602 Computational experiments 1578:1602 Computational experiments 1578:1602 Computational experiments show that our algorithm performs accurate de novo sequencing of glycans. 26671799 6 46 theme MS/MS 870:874 arg1 spectrum 876:883 MS/MS spectrum 870:883 MS/MS spectrum 870:883 We present a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum. 26671799 10 47 theme glycan 1539:1544 arg1 type 1546:1549 the glycan type 1535:1549 the glycan type of given spectra 1535:1566 This enables us to predict more accurate glycan structures if the glycan type of given spectra is known. 26671799 9 48 theme well-known 1400:1409 arg1 types 1418:1422 well-known glycan types 1400:1422 well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans 1400:1470 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 9 48 theme well-known 1400:1409 arg1 glycans 1443:1449 N-linked glycans 1434:1449 N-linked glycans 1434:1449 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 9 48 theme well-known 1400:1409 arg1 glycans 1464:1470 O-linked glycans 1455:1470 O-linked glycans 1455:1470 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 6 49 theme glycans 857:863 arg1 sequencing 843:852 de novo sequencing 835:852 de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum 835:883 We present a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum. 26671799 4 50 theme observed 627:634 arg1 peaks 642:646 observed MS/MS peaks 627:646 observed MS/MS peaks 627:646 Thus, the aim of de novo sequencing of glycans is to find the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases. 26671799 11 51 theme de 1646:1647 arg1 sequencing 1654:1663 accurate de novo sequencing 1637:1663 accurate de novo sequencing of glycans 1637:1674 Computational experiments show that our algorithm performs accurate de novo sequencing of glycans. 26671799 7 52 theme dynamic 1044:1050 arg1 technique 1064:1072 a dynamic programming technique 1042:1072 a dynamic programming technique 1042:1072 First, we build a suitable model for the fragmentation of glycans including cross-ring ions, and implement a solver that employs Lagrangian relaxation with a dynamic programming technique. 26671799 2 53 theme experimental 283:294 arg1 tools 296:300 the key experimental tools 275:300 the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides 275:353 Currently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides. 26671799 9 54 theme types 1418:1422 arg1 structures 1386:1395 core structures 1381:1395 core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans 1381:1470 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 8 55 theme machine 1134:1140 arg1 learning 1142:1149 machine learning 1134:1149 a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra 1132:1325 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 4 56 theme peaks 642:646 arg1 assignments 612:622 the most probable assignments 594:622 the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases 594:688 Thus, the aim of de novo sequencing of glycans is to find the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases. 26671799 10 57 theme spectra 1560:1566 arg1 type 1546:1549 the glycan type 1535:1549 the glycan type of given spectra 1535:1566 This enables us to predict more accurate glycan structures if the glycan type of given spectra is known. 26671799 9 58 theme N-linked 1434:1441 arg1 glycans 1443:1449 N-linked glycans 1434:1449 N-linked glycans 1434:1449 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 7 59 theme Lagrangian 1015:1024 arg1 relaxation 1026:1035 Lagrangian relaxation 1015:1035 Lagrangian relaxation 1015:1035 First, we build a suitable model for the fragmentation of glycans including cross-ring ions, and implement a solver that employs Lagrangian relaxation with a dynamic programming technique. 26671799 8 60 theme structured 1168:1177 arg1 machines 1194:1201 structured support vector machines 1168:1201 structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra 1168:1325 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 6 61 from sequencing 843:852 arg1 spectrum 876:883 MS/MS spectrum 870:883 MS/MS spectrum 870:883 We present a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum. 26671799 8 62 theme vector 1187:1192 arg1 machines 1194:1201 structured support vector machines 1168:1201 structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra 1168:1325 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 0 63 from Spectrum 97:104 arg1 Glycans 59:65 Glycans 59:65 Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum 59:104 A Machine Learning Based Approach to de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum. 26671799 0 63 from Spectrum 97:104 arg1 Sequencing 45:54 de novo Sequencing 37:54 de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum 37:104 A Machine Learning Based Approach to de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum. 26671799 2 64 theme mass 239:242 arg1 MS/MS 258:262 MS/MS 258:262 MS/MS 258:262 Currently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides. 26671799 2 64 theme mass 239:242 arg1 spectrometry 244:255 tandem mass spectrometry 232:255 tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) 232:263 Currently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides. 26671799 7 65 theme cross-ring 962:971 arg1 ions 973:976 cross-ring ions 962:976 cross-ring ions 962:976 First, we build a suitable model for the fragmentation of glycans including cross-ring ions, and implement a solver that employs Lagrangian relaxation with a dynamic programming technique. 26671799 8 66 theme training 1280:1287 arg1 data 1289:1292 training data 1280:1292 training data 1280:1292 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 5 67 theme few 710:712 arg1 algorithms 726:735 few satisfiable algorithms 710:735 few satisfiable algorithms for glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra 710:784 However, there are few satisfiable algorithms for glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra. 26671799 5 68 theme de 748:749 arg1 sequencing 756:765 glycan de novo sequencing 741:765 glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra 741:784 However, there are few satisfiable algorithms for glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra. 26671799 5 69 from spectra 778:784 arg1 sequencing 756:765 glycan de novo sequencing 741:765 glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra 741:784 However, there are few satisfiable algorithms for glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra. 26671799 7 70 theme glycans 944:950 arg1 fragmentation 927:939 the fragmentation 923:939 the fragmentation of glycans including cross-ring ions 923:976 First, we build a suitable model for the fragmentation of glycans including cross-ring ions, and implement a solver that employs Lagrangian relaxation with a dynamic programming technique. 26671799 0 71 theme Mass 79:82 arg1 Spectrometry 84:95 Tandem Mass Spectrometry 72:95 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum 72:104 A Machine Learning Based Approach to de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum. 26671799 9 72 link N-linked 1434:1441 arg1 glycans 1443:1449 N-linked glycans 1434:1449 N-linked glycans 1434:1449 Furthermore, we implement additional constraints for core structures of well-known glycan types including N-linked glycans and O-linked glycans. 26671799 5 73 theme satisfiable 714:724 arg1 algorithms 726:735 few satisfiable algorithms 710:735 few satisfiable algorithms for glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra 710:784 However, there are few satisfiable algorithms for glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra. 26671799 8 74 theme glycan 1307:1312 arg1 spectra 1319:1325 known glycan mass spectra 1301:1325 known glycan mass spectra 1301:1325 Then, to optimize scores for the algorithm, we introduce a machine learning technique called structured support vector machines that enable us to learn parameters including scores for cross-ring ions from training data, i.e., known glycan mass spectra. 26671799 0 75 theme Machine 2:8 arg1 Learning 10:17 A Machine Learning 0:17 A Machine Learning 0:17 A Machine Learning Based Approach to de novo Sequencing of Glycans from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Spectrum. 26671799 7 76 theme suitable 904:911 arg1 model 913:917 a suitable model 902:917 a suitable model for the fragmentation of glycans including cross-ring ions 902:976 First, we build a suitable model for the fragmentation of glycans including cross-ring ions, and implement a solver that employs Lagrangian relaxation with a dynamic programming technique. 26671799 3 77 theme MS/MS 374:378 arg1 ions 433:436 cross-ring ions 422:436 cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures 422:533 MS/MS can observe MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures. 26671799 3 77 theme MS/MS 374:378 arg1 peaks 380:384 MS/MS peaks 374:384 MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures 374:533 MS/MS can observe MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures. 26671799 4 78 theme de 553:554 arg1 sequencing 561:570 de novo sequencing 553:570 de novo sequencing of glycans 553:581 Thus, the aim of de novo sequencing of glycans is to find the most probable assignments of observed MS/MS peaks to glycan substructures without databases. 26671799 3 79 theme glycan 400:405 arg1 ions 407:410 fragmented glycan ions 389:410 fragmented glycan ions 389:410 MS/MS can observe MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures. 26671799 6 80 dep de 835:836 arg1 novo 838:841 novo 838:841 novo 838:841 We present a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum. 26671799 5 81 theme MS/MS 772:776 arg1 spectra 778:784 MS/MS spectra 772:784 MS/MS spectra 772:784 However, there are few satisfiable algorithms for glycan de novo sequencing from MS/MS spectra. 26671799 11 82 dep de 1646:1647 arg1 novo 1649:1652 novo 1649:1652 novo 1649:1652 Computational experiments show that our algorithm performs accurate de novo sequencing of glycans. 26671799 3 83 theme valuable 487:494 arg1 information 496:506 valuable information 487:506 valuable information to infer glycan structures 487:533 MS/MS can observe MS/MS peaks of fragmented glycan ions including cross-ring ions resulting from internal cleavages, which provide valuable information to infer glycan structures. 26671799 6 84 theme based 817:821 arg1 approach 823:830 a machine learning based approach 798:830 a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum 798:883 We present a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum. 26671799 2 85 theme tools 296:300 arg1 tools 296:300 the key experimental tools 275:300 the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides 275:353 Currently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides. 26671799 2 85 theme tools 296:300 arg1 one 268:270 one 268:270 one 268:270 Currently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides. 26671799 6 86 theme machine 800:806 arg1 learning 808:815 machine learning 800:815 machine learning 800:815 We present a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum. 26671799 6 87 from spectrum 876:883 arg1 glycans 857:863 glycans 857:863 glycans from MS/MS spectrum 857:883 We present a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum. 26671799 6 87 from spectrum 876:883 arg1 sequencing 843:852 de novo sequencing 835:852 de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum 835:883 We present a machine learning based approach to de novo sequencing of glycans from MS/MS spectrum. 26671799 2 88 theme oligosaccharides 338:353 arg1 structures 324:333 structures 324:333 structures of oligosaccharides 324:353 Currently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the key experimental tools for identification of structures of oligosaccharides. 26225720 0 0 theme Polymerase 93:102 arg1 Blockage 104:111 Polymerase Blockage 93:111 Polymerase Blockage 93:111 Enhancing Bulge Stabilization through Linear Extension of C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts to Promote Polymerase Blockage or Strand Realignment to Produce a C:C Mismatch. 26225720 1 1 dep linkage 262:268 arg1 C-linked 279:286 C-linked 279:286 C-linked 279:286 Aryl radicals can react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to produce DNA adducts with a C8-C linkage (denoted C-linked). 26225720 6 2 theme Molecular 1090:1098 arg1 simulations 1109:1119 Molecular dynamics simulations 1090:1119 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex 1090:1145 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex suggest that both anti and syn adduct structures are energetically accessible. 26225720 5 3 theme C 1046:1046 arg1 mismatch 1050:1057 a C:C mismatch 1044:1057 a C:C mismatch 1044:1057 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 3 4 link C-linked 504:511 arg1 G 564:564 G 564:564 G 564:564 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 4 link C-linked 504:511 arg1 G 595:595 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 4 link C-linked 504:511 arg1 adducts 519:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 5 theme pyren-1-yl 575:584 arg1 G 595:595 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 5 theme pyren-1-yl 575:584 arg1 adducts 519:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 2 6 theme C8-aryl 428:434 arg1 moiety 436:441 the C8-aryl moiety 424:441 the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase 424:469 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 4 7 theme deletion 797:804 arg1 duplex 806:811 the -2 deletion duplex 790:811 the -2 deletion duplex within the NarI sequence 790:836 For the first time, C-linked C8-dG adducts are shown to stabilize the -2 deletion duplex within the NarI sequence. 26225720 5 8 theme Dpo4 997:1000 arg1 blockage 1002:1009 Dpo4 blockage 997:1009 Dpo4 blockage 997:1009 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 3 9 theme current 479:485 arg1 study 487:491 the current study 475:491 the current study 475:491 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 10 theme hotspot 669:675 arg1 sequence 677:684 the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence 622:684 the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria 622:721 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 1 11 theme DNA 238:240 arg1 adducts 242:248 DNA adducts 238:248 DNA adducts 238:248 Aryl radicals can react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to produce DNA adducts with a C8-C linkage (denoted C-linked). 26225720 6 12 theme duplex 1140:1145 arg1 simulations 1109:1119 Molecular dynamics simulations 1090:1119 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex 1090:1145 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex suggest that both anti and syn adduct structures are energetically accessible. 26225720 5 13 theme DNA 901:903 arg1 polymerase 905:914 P2 DNA polymerase IV 898:917 Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) 874:924 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 5 13 theme DNA 901:903 arg1 Dpo4 920:923 Dpo4 920:923 Dpo4 920:923 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 2 14 theme guanine 452:458 arg1 nucleobase 460:469 the guanine nucleobase 448:469 the guanine nucleobase 448:469 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 3 15 dep NarI 626:629 arg1 22 664:665 22 664:665 22 664:665 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 15 dep NarI 626:629 arg1 NarI 659:662 NarI 659:662 NarI 659:662 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 15 dep NarI 626:629 arg1 12 644:645 12 644:645 12 644:645 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 15 dep NarI 626:629 arg1 NarI 639:642 NarI 639:642 NarI 639:642 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 6 16 dep both 1160:1163 arg1 anti 1165:1168 anti 1165:1168 anti 1165:1168 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex suggest that both anti and syn adduct structures are energetically accessible. 26225720 2 17 link O-linked 389:396 arg1 linkage 399:405 a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage 351:405 linkage 399:405 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 1 18 theme Aryl 162:165 arg1 radicals 167:174 Aryl radicals 162:174 Aryl radicals 162:174 Aryl radicals can react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to produce DNA adducts with a C8-C linkage (denoted C-linked). 26225720 0 19 theme Strand 116:121 arg1 Realignment 123:133 Strand Realignment 116:133 Strand Realignment 116:133 Enhancing Bulge Stabilization through Linear Extension of C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts to Promote Polymerase Blockage or Strand Realignment to Produce a C:C Mismatch. 26225720 3 20 theme [Py 591:593 arg1 G 595:595 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 20 theme [Py 591:593 arg1 adducts 519:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 21 theme frameshift 690:699 arg1 mutations 701:709 frameshift mutations 690:709 frameshift mutations in bacteria 690:721 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 4 22 theme C8-dG 753:757 arg1 adducts 759:765 C-linked C8-dG adducts 744:765 C-linked C8-dG adducts 744:765 For the first time, C-linked C8-dG adducts are shown to stabilize the -2 deletion duplex within the NarI sequence. 26225720 0 23 theme Bulge 10:14 arg1 Stabilization 16:28 Bulge Stabilization 10:28 Bulge Stabilization 10:28 Enhancing Bulge Stabilization through Linear Extension of C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts to Promote Polymerase Blockage or Strand Realignment to Produce a C:C Mismatch. 26225720 5 24 theme shape 978:982 arg1 influence 943:951 the influence 939:951 the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site 939:1087 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 5 25 theme size 969:972 arg1 influence 943:951 the influence 939:951 the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site 939:1087 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 3 26 theme model 498:502 arg1 G 564:564 G 564:564 G 564:564 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 26 theme model 498:502 arg1 G 595:595 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 26 theme model 498:502 arg1 adducts 519:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 5 27 theme ring 964:967 arg1 size 969:972 C8-aryl ring size 956:972 C8-aryl ring size 956:972 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 6 28 theme adduct 1178:1183 arg1 structures 1185:1194 both anti and syn adduct structures 1160:1194 both anti and syn adduct structures 1160:1194 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex suggest that both anti and syn adduct structures are energetically accessible. 26225720 2 29 theme O-linked 389:396 arg1 linkage 399:405 a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage 351:405 linkage 399:405 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 4 30 theme first 732:736 arg1 time 738:741 the first time 728:741 the first time 728:741 For the first time, C-linked C8-dG adducts are shown to stabilize the -2 deletion duplex within the NarI sequence. 26225720 2 31 from those 334:338 arg1 distinct 320:327 distinct 320:327 distinct 320:327 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 3 32 theme C-linked 504:511 arg1 G 564:564 G 564:564 G 564:564 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 32 theme C-linked 504:511 arg1 G 595:595 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 32 theme C-linked 504:511 arg1 adducts 519:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 5 33 theme adduct 1077:1082 arg1 site 1084:1087 the adduct site 1073:1087 the adduct site 1073:1087 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 4 34 theme NarI 824:827 arg1 sequence 829:836 the NarI sequence 820:836 the NarI sequence 820:836 For the first time, C-linked C8-dG adducts are shown to stabilize the -2 deletion duplex within the NarI sequence. 26225720 5 35 theme P2 898:899 arg1 polymerase 905:914 P2 DNA polymerase IV 898:917 Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) 874:924 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 5 35 theme P2 898:899 arg1 Dpo4 920:923 Dpo4 920:923 Dpo4 920:923 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 2 36 theme ether 382:386 arg1 linkage 399:405 a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage 351:405 linkage 399:405 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 1 37 theme C8-C 257:260 arg1 linkage 262:268 a C8-C linkage 255:268 a C8-C linkage (denoted C-linked) 255:287 Aryl radicals can react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to produce DNA adducts with a C8-C linkage (denoted C-linked). 26225720 7 38 theme biochemical 1280:1290 arg1 outcome 1292:1298 the biochemical outcome 1276:1298 the biochemical outcome induced by C-linked C8-dG adducts when processed by Dpo4 1276:1355 These findings provide a rationale for describing the biochemical outcome induced by C-linked C8-dG adducts when processed by Dpo4. 26225720 2 39 contain possessing 340:349 arg2 N-linked 369:376 N-linked 369:376 N-linked 369:376 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 2 39 contain possessing 340:349 arg2 linkage 399:405 a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage 351:405 linkage 399:405 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 2 39 contain possessing 340:349 arg1 those 334:338 those 334:338 those 334:338 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 5 40 theme C 1048:1048 arg1 mismatch 1050:1057 a C:C mismatch 1044:1057 a C:C mismatch 1044:1057 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 0 41 theme C 148:148 arg1 Mismatch 152:159 a C:C Mismatch 146:159 a C:C Mismatch 146:159 Enhancing Bulge Stabilization through Linear Extension of C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts to Promote Polymerase Blockage or Strand Realignment to Produce a C:C Mismatch. 26225720 0 42 theme Linear 38:43 arg1 Extension 45:53 Linear Extension 38:53 Linear Extension of C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts 38:80 Enhancing Bulge Stabilization through Linear Extension of C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts to Promote Polymerase Blockage or Strand Realignment to Produce a C:C Mismatch. 26225720 6 43 theme dynamics 1100:1107 arg1 simulations 1109:1119 Molecular dynamics simulations 1090:1119 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex 1090:1145 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex suggest that both anti and syn adduct structures are energetically accessible. 26225720 7 44 theme C8-dG 1320:1324 arg1 adducts 1326:1332 C-linked C8-dG adducts 1311:1332 C-linked C8-dG adducts when processed by Dpo4 1311:1355 These findings provide a rationale for describing the biochemical outcome induced by C-linked C8-dG adducts when processed by Dpo4. 26225720 4 45 theme C-linked 744:751 arg1 adducts 759:765 C-linked C8-dG adducts 744:765 C-linked C8-dG adducts 744:765 For the first time, C-linked C8-dG adducts are shown to stabilize the -2 deletion duplex within the NarI sequence. 26225720 0 46 theme C8-Aryl-Guanine 58:72 arg1 Adducts 74:80 C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts 58:80 C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts 58:80 Enhancing Bulge Stabilization through Linear Extension of C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts to Promote Polymerase Blockage or Strand Realignment to Produce a C:C Mismatch. 26225720 0 47 theme C 150:150 arg1 Mismatch 152:159 a C:C Mismatch 146:159 a C:C Mismatch 146:159 Enhancing Bulge Stabilization through Linear Extension of C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts to Promote Polymerase Blockage or Strand Realignment to Produce a C:C Mismatch. 26225720 3 48 theme [BTh 559:562 arg1 G 564:564 G 564:564 G 564:564 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 48 theme [BTh 559:562 arg1 adducts 519:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 49 theme C8-dG 513:517 arg1 G 564:564 G 564:564 G 564:564 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 49 theme C8-dG 513:517 arg1 G 595:595 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 49 theme C8-dG 513:517 arg1 adducts 519:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 6 50 dep structures 1185:1194 arg1 both 1160:1163 both 1160:1163 both 1160:1163 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex suggest that both anti and syn adduct structures are energetically accessible. 26225720 6 50 dep structures 1185:1194 arg1 syn 1174:1176 syn 1174:1176 syn 1174:1176 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex suggest that both anti and syn adduct structures are energetically accessible. 26225720 5 51 theme C8-aryl 956:962 arg1 size 969:972 C8-aryl ring size 956:972 C8-aryl ring size 956:972 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 4 52 link C-linked 744:751 arg1 adducts 759:765 C-linked C8-dG adducts 744:765 C-linked C8-dG adducts 744:765 For the first time, C-linked C8-dG adducts are shown to stabilize the -2 deletion duplex within the NarI sequence. 26225720 3 53 theme C8- 571:573 arg1 G 595:595 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 53 theme C8- 571:573 arg1 adducts 519:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 54 theme NarI 626:629 arg1 sequence 677:684 the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence 622:684 the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria 622:721 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 7 55 theme C-linked 1311:1318 arg1 adducts 1326:1332 C-linked C8-dG adducts 1311:1332 C-linked C8-dG adducts when processed by Dpo4 1311:1355 These findings provide a rationale for describing the biochemical outcome induced by C-linked C8-dG adducts when processed by Dpo4. 26225720 2 56 theme Such 290:293 arg1 adducts 295:301 Such adducts 290:301 Such adducts 290:301 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 1 57 theme 2'-deoxyguanosine 204:220 arg1 2'-deoxyguanosine 204:220 2'-deoxyguanosine 204:220 2'-deoxyguanosine 204:220 Aryl radicals can react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to produce DNA adducts with a C8-C linkage (denoted C-linked). 26225720 1 57 theme 2'-deoxyguanosine 204:220 arg1 C8-site 193:199 the C8-site 189:199 the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) 189:225 Aryl radicals can react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to produce DNA adducts with a C8-C linkage (denoted C-linked). 26225720 5 58 theme Primer-elongation 839:855 arg1 assays 857:862 Primer-elongation assays 839:862 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) 839:924 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 3 59 from mutations 701:709 arg1 bacteria 714:721 bacteria 714:721 bacteria 714:721 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 6 60 theme deletion 1131:1138 arg1 duplex 1140:1145 the -2 deletion duplex 1124:1145 the -2 deletion duplex 1124:1145 Molecular dynamics simulations of the -2 deletion duplex suggest that both anti and syn adduct structures are energetically accessible. 26225720 2 61 from nucleobase 460:469 arg1 moiety 436:441 the C8-aryl moiety 424:441 the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase 424:469 Such adducts are structurally distinct from those possessing a flexible amine (N-linked) or ether (O-linked) linkage, which separates the C8-aryl moiety from the guanine nucleobase. 26225720 7 62 link C-linked 1311:1318 arg1 adducts 1326:1332 C-linked C8-dG adducts 1311:1332 C-linked C8-dG adducts when processed by Dpo4 1311:1355 These findings provide a rationale for describing the biochemical outcome induced by C-linked C8-dG adducts when processed by Dpo4. 26225720 0 63 theme Adducts 74:80 arg1 Extension 45:53 Linear Extension 38:53 Linear Extension of C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts 38:80 Enhancing Bulge Stabilization through Linear Extension of C8-Aryl-Guanine Adducts to Promote Polymerase Blockage or Strand Realignment to Produce a C:C Mismatch. 26225720 3 64 theme -dG 586:588 arg1 G 595:595 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G) 571:596 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 64 theme -dG 586:588 arg1 adducts 519:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 two model C-linked C8-dG adducts 494:525 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 5 65 dep Sulfolobus 874:883 arg1 solfataricus 885:896 Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) 874:924 Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) 874:924 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 5 65 dep Sulfolobus 874:883 arg1 polymerase 905:914 P2 DNA polymerase IV 898:917 Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) 874:924 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 5 65 dep Sulfolobus 874:883 arg1 Dpo4 920:923 Dpo4 920:923 Dpo4 920:923 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 5 66 theme strand 1014:1019 arg1 realignment 1021:1031 strand realignment 1014:1031 strand realignment 1014:1031 Primer-elongation assays employing Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) demonstrates the influence of C8-aryl ring size and shape in promoting Dpo4 blockage or strand realignment to produce a C:C mismatch downstream of the adduct site. 26225720 3 67 dep G 564:564 arg1 C8-benzo[b 536:545 C8-benzo[b 536:545 C8-benzo[b 536:545 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 26225720 3 67 dep G 564:564 arg1 thienyl-dG 547:556 thienyl-dG 547:556 thienyl-dG 547:556 In the current study, two model C-linked C8-dG adducts, namely, C8-benzo[b]thienyl-dG ([BTh]G) and C8-(pyren-1-yl)-dG ([Py]G), were incorporated into the NarI (12mer, NarI(12) and 22mer, NarI(22)) hotspot sequence for frameshift mutations in bacteria. 24490756 6 0 theme N-linkage 932:940 arg1 bond 920:923 the amide bond 910:923 the amide bond of the N-linkage 910:940 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 6 0 theme N-linkage 932:940 arg1 bond 961:964 the glycosidic bond 946:964 the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars 946:991 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 7 1 from yeast 1224:1228 arg1 identification 1169:1182 the identification 1165:1182 the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast 1165:1228 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 6 2 theme N-linked 1046:1053 arg1 GlcNAc 1055:1060 only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc 1027:1060 only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc 1027:1060 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 7 3 from identification 1169:1182 arg1 yeast 1224:1228 yeast 1224:1228 yeast 1224:1228 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 4 4 theme sites 558:562 arg1 identification 518:531 comprehensive identification 504:531 comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS 504:583 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 9 5 theme biological 1467:1476 arg1 samples 1478:1484 other biological samples 1461:1484 other biological samples 1461:1484 This method can be extensively used for other biological samples. 24490756 1 6 theme biological 174:183 arg1 systems 185:191 biological systems 174:191 biological systems 174:191 Glycosylation is one of the most important protein modifications in biological systems. 24490756 6 7 theme innermost 1036:1044 arg1 GlcNAc 1055:1060 only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc 1027:1060 only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc 1027:1060 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 4 8 theme glycosylation 544:556 arg1 sites 558:562 protein glycosylation sites 536:562 protein glycosylation sites very difficult 536:577 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 7 9 theme cleavage 1325:1332 arg1 method 1334:1339 the Endo H cleavage method 1314:1339 the Endo H cleavage method 1314:1339 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 6 10 theme glycosidic 950:959 arg1 bond 961:964 the glycosidic bond 946:964 the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars 946:991 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 5 11 gly N-glycosylation 815:829 arg2 sites 831:835 protein N-glycosylation sites 807:835 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast 807:844 We combined a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques to comprehensively identify protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast. 24490756 7 12 theme 555 1187:1189 arg1 sites 1215:1219 555 protein N-glycosylation sites 1187:1219 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast 1187:1228 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 2 13 theme cellular 277:284 arg1 communication 334:346 cell-to-cell communication 321:346 cell-to-cell communication 321:346 It plays a critical role in protein folding, trafficking, and stability as well as cellular events such as immune response and cell-to-cell communication. 24490756 2 13 theme cellular 277:284 arg1 events 286:291 cellular events 277:291 cellular events such as immune response and cell-to-cell communication 277:346 It plays a critical role in protein folding, trafficking, and stability as well as cellular events such as immune response and cell-to-cell communication. 24490756 2 13 theme cellular 277:284 arg1 response 308:315 immune response 301:315 immune response 301:315 It plays a critical role in protein folding, trafficking, and stability as well as cellular events such as immune response and cell-to-cell communication. 24490756 4 14 theme mass 620:623 arg1 spectra 625:631 mass spectra 620:631 mass spectra 620:631 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 3 15 theme Aberrant 349:356 arg1 glycosylation 366:378 Aberrant protein glycosylation 349:378 Aberrant protein glycosylation 349:378 Aberrant protein glycosylation is correlated with several diseases including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. 24490756 4 16 theme glycans 490:496 arg1 heterogeneity 473:485 The heterogeneity 469:485 The heterogeneity of glycans 469:496 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 7 17 theme chemical 1121:1128 arg1 deglycosylation 1130:1144 chemical deglycosylation 1121:1144 This chemical deglycosylation method 1116:1151 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 1 18 from modifications 157:169 arg1 systems 185:191 biological systems 174:191 biological systems 174:191 Glycosylation is one of the most important protein modifications in biological systems. 24490756 3 19 theme infectious 448:457 arg1 diseases 459:466 infectious diseases 448:466 infectious diseases 448:466 Aberrant protein glycosylation is correlated with several diseases including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. 24490756 3 20 theme protein 358:364 arg1 glycosylation 366:378 Aberrant protein glycosylation 349:378 Aberrant protein glycosylation 349:378 Aberrant protein glycosylation is correlated with several diseases including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. 24490756 7 21 theme deglycosylation 1130:1144 arg1 method 1146:1151 This chemical deglycosylation method 1116:1151 This chemical deglycosylation method 1116:1151 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 8 22 theme glycoproteins 1357:1369 arg1 total 1344:1348 A total 1342:1348 A total of 250 glycoproteins 1342:1369 A total of 250 glycoproteins were identified, including 184 membrane proteins. 24490756 4 23 gly glycosylation 544:556 arg2 sites 558:562 protein glycosylation sites 536:562 protein glycosylation sites very difficult 536:577 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 4 24 theme glycans 685:691 arg1 types 668:672 different types 658:672 different types of unknown glycans 658:691 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 3 25 theme several 399:405 arg1 diseases 459:466 infectious diseases 448:466 infectious diseases 448:466 Aberrant protein glycosylation is correlated with several diseases including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. 24490756 3 25 theme several 399:405 arg1 diabetes 426:433 diabetes 426:433 diabetes 426:433 Aberrant protein glycosylation is correlated with several diseases including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. 24490756 3 25 theme several 399:405 arg1 diseases 407:414 several diseases 399:414 several diseases including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases 399:466 Aberrant protein glycosylation is correlated with several diseases including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. 24490756 3 25 theme several 399:405 arg1 cancer 436:441 cancer 436:441 cancer 436:441 Aberrant protein glycosylation is correlated with several diseases including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. 24490756 4 26 theme comprehensive 504:516 arg1 identification 518:531 comprehensive identification 504:531 comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS 504:583 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 7 27 theme parallel 1287:1294 arg1 experiments 1296:1306 the parallel experiments 1283:1306 the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method 1283:1339 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 9 28 theme other 1461:1465 arg1 samples 1478:1484 other biological samples 1461:1484 other biological samples 1461:1484 This method can be extensively used for other biological samples. 24490756 0 29 theme Comprehensive 0:12 arg1 analysis 14:21 Comprehensive analysis 0:21 Comprehensive analysis of protein N-glycosylation sites 0:54 Comprehensive analysis of protein N-glycosylation sites by combining chemical deglycosylation with LC-MS. 24490756 6 30 theme chemical 882:889 arg1 properties 891:900 chemical properties 882:900 chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars 882:991 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 2 31 theme immune 301:306 arg1 response 308:315 immune response 301:315 immune response 301:315 It plays a critical role in protein folding, trafficking, and stability as well as cellular events such as immune response and cell-to-cell communication. 24490756 6 32 from differences 867:877 arg1 properties 891:900 chemical properties 882:900 chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars 882:991 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 0 33 theme protein 26:32 arg1 sites 50:54 protein N-glycosylation sites 26:54 protein N-glycosylation sites 26:54 Comprehensive analysis of protein N-glycosylation sites by combining chemical deglycosylation with LC-MS. 24490756 6 34 theme MS 1103:1104 arg1 analysis 1106:1113 MS analysis 1103:1113 MS analysis 1103:1113 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 6 35 link N-linked 1046:1053 arg1 GlcNAc 1055:1060 only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc 1027:1060 only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc 1027:1060 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 6 36 theme mass 1090:1093 arg1 tag 1095:1097 a mass tag 1088:1097 a mass tag for MS analysis 1088:1113 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 6 36 theme mass 1090:1093 arg1 which 1072:1076 which 1072:1076 which 1072:1076 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 7 37 theme sites 1215:1219 arg1 identification 1169:1182 the identification 1165:1182 the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast 1165:1228 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 8 38 gly glycoproteins 1357:1369 arg1 glycoproteins 1357:1369 250 glycoproteins 1353:1369 250 glycoproteins 1353:1369 A total of 250 glycoproteins were identified, including 184 membrane proteins. 24490756 5 39 theme LC-MS-based 745:755 arg1 techniques 768:777 LC-MS-based proteomics techniques 745:777 LC-MS-based proteomics techniques 745:777 We combined a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques to comprehensively identify protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast. 24490756 9 40 used used 1452:1455 arg2 method 1426:1431 This method 1421:1431 This method 1421:1431 This method can be extensively used for other biological samples. 24490756 4 41 theme different 658:666 arg1 types 668:672 different types 658:672 different types of unknown glycans 658:691 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 0 42 theme sites 50:54 arg1 analysis 14:21 Comprehensive analysis 0:21 Comprehensive analysis of protein N-glycosylation sites 0:54 Comprehensive analysis of protein N-glycosylation sites by combining chemical deglycosylation with LC-MS. 24490756 7 43 theme Endo 1318:1321 arg1 method 1334:1339 the Endo H cleavage method 1314:1339 the Endo H cleavage method 1314:1339 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 5 44 theme proteomics 757:766 arg1 techniques 768:777 LC-MS-based proteomics techniques 745:777 LC-MS-based proteomics techniques 745:777 We combined a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques to comprehensively identify protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast. 24490756 6 45 dep differences 867:877 arg1 the 850:852 the 850:852 the 850:852 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 6 45 dep differences 867:877 arg1 basis 854:858 basis 854:858 basis 854:858 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 4 46 theme unknown 677:683 arg1 glycans 685:691 unknown glycans 677:691 unknown glycans 677:691 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 0 47 theme N-glycosylation 34:48 arg1 sites 50:54 protein N-glycosylation sites 26:54 protein N-glycosylation sites 26:54 Comprehensive analysis of protein N-glycosylation sites by combining chemical deglycosylation with LC-MS. 24490756 4 48 theme difficult 569:577 arg1 sites 558:562 protein glycosylation sites 536:562 protein glycosylation sites very difficult 536:577 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 7 49 theme protein 1191:1197 arg1 sites 1215:1219 555 protein N-glycosylation sites 1187:1219 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast 1187:1228 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 7 50 from sites 1215:1219 arg1 yeast 1224:1228 yeast 1224:1228 yeast 1224:1228 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 7 51 theme N-glycosylation 1199:1213 arg1 sites 1215:1219 555 protein N-glycosylation sites 1187:1219 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast 1187:1228 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 5 52 theme protein 807:813 arg1 sites 831:835 protein N-glycosylation sites 807:835 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast 807:844 We combined a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques to comprehensively identify protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast. 24490756 6 53 theme O-linked 994:1001 arg1 sugars 1003:1008 O-linked sugars 994:1008 O-linked sugars 994:1008 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 6 54 theme amide 914:918 arg1 bond 920:923 the amide bond 910:923 the amide bond of the N-linkage 910:940 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 6 55 theme sugars 986:991 arg1 O-linkage 973:981 the O-linkage 969:981 the O-linkage of sugars 969:991 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 5 56 theme chemical 708:715 arg1 method 733:738 a chemical deglycosylation method 706:738 a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques 706:777 We combined a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques to comprehensively identify protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast. 24490756 2 57 theme protein 222:228 arg1 folding 230:236 protein folding 222:236 protein folding 222:236 It plays a critical role in protein folding, trafficking, and stability as well as cellular events such as immune response and cell-to-cell communication. 24490756 5 58 theme deglycosylation 717:731 arg1 method 733:738 a chemical deglycosylation method 706:738 a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques 706:777 We combined a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques to comprehensively identify protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast. 24490756 6 59 theme O-linkage 973:981 arg1 bond 920:923 the amide bond 910:923 the amide bond of the N-linkage 910:940 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 6 59 theme O-linkage 973:981 arg1 bond 961:964 the glycosidic bond 946:964 the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars 946:991 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 0 60 gly N-glycosylation 34:48 arg2 sites 50:54 protein N-glycosylation sites 26:54 protein N-glycosylation sites 26:54 Comprehensive analysis of protein N-glycosylation sites by combining chemical deglycosylation with LC-MS. 24490756 8 61 theme membrane 1402:1409 arg1 proteins 1411:1418 184 membrane proteins 1398:1418 184 membrane proteins 1398:1418 A total of 250 glycoproteins were identified, including 184 membrane proteins. 24490756 2 62 theme cell-to-cell 321:332 arg1 communication 334:346 cell-to-cell communication 321:346 cell-to-cell communication 321:346 It plays a critical role in protein folding, trafficking, and stability as well as cellular events such as immune response and cell-to-cell communication. 24490756 2 63 theme critical 205:212 arg1 role 214:217 a critical role 203:217 a critical role 203:217 It plays a critical role in protein folding, trafficking, and stability as well as cellular events such as immune response and cell-to-cell communication. 24490756 4 64 contain contain 650:656 arg1 peptides 636:643 peptides 636:643 peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans 636:691 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 4 64 contain contain 650:656 arg2 types 668:672 different types 658:672 different types of unknown glycans 658:691 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 1 65 theme important 139:147 arg1 modifications 157:169 the most important protein modifications 130:169 the most important protein modifications in biological systems 130:191 Glycosylation is one of the most important protein modifications in biological systems. 24490756 4 66 gly heterogeneity 473:485 arg1 glycans 490:496 glycans 490:496 glycans 490:496 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 5 67 theme N-glycosylation 815:829 arg1 sites 831:835 protein N-glycosylation sites 807:835 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast 807:844 We combined a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques to comprehensively identify protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast. 24490756 5 68 from sites 831:835 arg1 yeast 840:844 yeast 840:844 yeast 840:844 We combined a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques to comprehensively identify protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast. 24490756 6 69 link O-linked 994:1001 arg1 sugars 1003:1008 O-linked sugars 994:1008 O-linked sugars 994:1008 On the basis of the differences in chemical properties between the amide bond of the N-linkage and the glycosidic bond of the O-linkage of sugars, O-linked sugars were removed and only the innermost N-linked GlcNAc remained, which served as a mass tag for MS analysis. 24490756 7 70 theme H 1323:1323 arg1 method 1334:1339 the Endo H cleavage method 1314:1339 the Endo H cleavage method 1314:1339 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 1 71 theme protein 149:155 arg1 modifications 157:169 the most important protein modifications 130:169 the most important protein modifications in biological systems 130:191 Glycosylation is one of the most important protein modifications in biological systems. 24490756 5 72 with method 733:738 arg1 techniques 768:777 LC-MS-based proteomics techniques 745:777 LC-MS-based proteomics techniques 745:777 We combined a chemical deglycosylation method with LC-MS-based proteomics techniques to comprehensively identify protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast. 24490756 0 73 theme chemical 69:76 arg1 deglycosylation 78:92 chemical deglycosylation 69:92 chemical deglycosylation 69:92 Comprehensive analysis of protein N-glycosylation sites by combining chemical deglycosylation with LC-MS. 24490756 4 74 theme protein 536:542 arg1 sites 558:562 protein glycosylation sites 536:562 protein glycosylation sites very difficult 536:577 The heterogeneity of glycans makes comprehensive identification of protein glycosylation sites very difficult by MS because it is challenging to match mass spectra to peptides that contain different types of unknown glycans. 24490756 7 75 gly N-glycosylation 1199:1213 arg2 sites 1215:1219 555 protein N-glycosylation sites 1187:1219 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast 1187:1228 This chemical deglycosylation method allowed for the identification of 555 protein N-glycosylation sites in yeast by LC-MS, which is 46% more than those obtained from the parallel experiments using the Endo H cleavage method. 24490756 1 76 theme modifications 157:169 arg1 modifications 157:169 the most important protein modifications 130:169 the most important protein modifications in biological systems 130:191 Glycosylation is one of the most important protein modifications in biological systems. 24490756 1 76 theme modifications 157:169 arg1 one 123:125 one 123:125 one 123:125 Glycosylation is one of the most important protein modifications in biological systems. 28160702 6 0 from contrast 928:935 arg1 toxic 979:983 toxic 979:983 toxic 979:983 In contrast, both CS/TPP nanoparticles were the least toxic, not affecting reproduction and body length at higher concentrations, probably due to the biocompatibility of chitosan. 28160702 6 0 from contrast 928:935 arg1 nanoparticles 950:962 both CS/TPP nanoparticles 938:962 both CS/TPP nanoparticles 938:962 In contrast, both CS/TPP nanoparticles were the least toxic, not affecting reproduction and body length at higher concentrations, probably due to the biocompatibility of chitosan. 28160702 2 1 theme toxicological 345:357 arg1 assessment 359:368 their toxicological assessment 339:368 their toxicological assessment to a soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans 339:411 In this study, we present as an alternative the use of nanoparticles loaded with pesticides and report their toxicological assessment to a soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 7 2 theme organisms 1217:1225 arg1 exposure 1205:1212 exposure 1205:1212 exposure of organisms 1205:1225 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 7 3 theme physico-chemical 1109:1124 arg1 characterization 1126:1141 The physico-chemical characterization 1105:1141 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) 1105:1226 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 1 4 from organisms 165:173 arg1 habitats 188:195 different habitats 178:195 different habitats 178:195 The extensive use of pesticides is causing environmental pollution, affecting animal organisms in different habitats and also leading human health at risk. 28160702 9 5 theme nanoparticles 1515:1527 arg1 development 1500:1510 the development 1496:1510 the development of nanoparticles aiming agriculture applications 1496:1559 These results suggest that the development of nanoparticles aiming agriculture applications needs more studies in order to optimize the composition and then reduce their toxicity to non-target organisms. 28160702 9 6 theme non-target 1651:1660 arg1 organisms 1662:1670 non-target organisms 1651:1670 non-target organisms 1651:1670 These results suggest that the development of nanoparticles aiming agriculture applications needs more studies in order to optimize the composition and then reduce their toxicity to non-target organisms. 28160702 3 7 theme polymeric 534:542 arg1 nanoparticles 544:556 polymeric nanoparticles 534:556 polymeric nanoparticles 534:556 Three nanoparticle formulations were analyzed: solid lipid nanoparticles loaded or not with atrazine and simazine, SLN; polymeric nanoparticles, NC_PCL loaded with atrazine; and chitosan/tripolyphosphate, CS/TPP, loaded or not with paraquat. 28160702 7 8 from incubation 1166:1175 arg1 solution 1187:1194 saline solution 1180:1194 saline solution 1180:1194 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 9 9 theme agriculture 1536:1546 arg1 applications 1548:1559 agriculture applications 1536:1559 agriculture applications 1536:1559 These results suggest that the development of nanoparticles aiming agriculture applications needs more studies in order to optimize the composition and then reduce their toxicity to non-target organisms. 28160702 6 10 theme chitosan 1095:1102 arg1 biocompatibility 1075:1090 the biocompatibility 1071:1090 the biocompatibility of chitosan 1071:1102 In contrast, both CS/TPP nanoparticles were the least toxic, not affecting reproduction and body length at higher concentrations, probably due to the biocompatibility of chitosan. 28160702 5 11 theme toxic 818:822 arg1 formulations 824:835 the most toxic formulations 809:835 the most toxic formulations to developmental rate 809:857 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 5 11 theme toxic 818:822 arg1 NC_PCL 797:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL 772:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL 772:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 2 12 theme soil 375:378 arg1 organism 380:387 a soil organism 373:387 a soil organism 373:387 In this study, we present as an alternative the use of nanoparticles loaded with pesticides and report their toxicological assessment to a soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 2 12 theme soil 375:378 arg1 elegans 405:411 Caenorhabditis elegans 390:411 Caenorhabditis elegans 390:411 In this study, we present as an alternative the use of nanoparticles loaded with pesticides and report their toxicological assessment to a soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 1 13 theme different 178:186 arg1 habitats 188:195 different habitats 178:195 different habitats 178:195 The extensive use of pesticides is causing environmental pollution, affecting animal organisms in different habitats and also leading human health at risk. 28160702 7 14 theme same 1298:1301 arg1 characteristics 1311:1325 the same initial characteristics 1294:1325 the same initial characteristics 1294:1325 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 1 15 theme extensive 84:92 arg1 use 94:96 The extensive use 80:96 The extensive use of pesticides 80:110 The extensive use of pesticides is causing environmental pollution, affecting animal organisms in different habitats and also leading human health at risk. 28160702 7 16 dep environment 1359:1369 arg1 presence 1340:1347 presence 1340:1347 presence 1340:1347 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 7 16 dep environment 1359:1369 arg1 the 1336:1338 the 1336:1338 the 1336:1338 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 5 17 theme unloaded 788:795 arg1 formulations 824:835 the most toxic formulations 809:835 the most toxic formulations to developmental rate 809:857 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 5 17 theme unloaded 788:795 arg1 NC_PCL 797:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL 772:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL 772:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 5 18 from concentrations 909:922 arg1 formulations 824:835 the most toxic formulations 809:835 the most toxic formulations to developmental rate 809:857 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 5 18 from concentrations 909:922 arg1 NC_PCL 797:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL 772:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL 772:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 9 19 theme more 1567:1570 arg1 studies 1572:1578 more studies 1567:1578 more studies in order to optimize the composition and then reduce their toxicity to non-target organisms 1567:1670 These results suggest that the development of nanoparticles aiming agriculture applications needs more studies in order to optimize the composition and then reduce their toxicity to non-target organisms. 28160702 7 20 theme saline 1180:1185 arg1 solution 1187:1194 saline solution 1180:1194 saline solution 1180:1194 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 3 21 theme nanoparticle 420:431 arg1 formulations 433:444 Three nanoparticle formulations 414:444 Three nanoparticle formulations 414:444 Three nanoparticle formulations were analyzed: solid lipid nanoparticles loaded or not with atrazine and simazine, SLN; polymeric nanoparticles, NC_PCL loaded with atrazine; and chitosan/tripolyphosphate, CS/TPP, loaded or not with paraquat. 28160702 0 22 theme Safety 0:5 arg1 assessment 7:16 Safety assessment 0:16 Safety assessment of nanopesticides 0:34 Safety assessment of nanopesticides using the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 6 23 from toxic 979:983 arg1 contrast 928:935 contrast 928:935 contrast 928:935 In contrast, both CS/TPP nanoparticles were the least toxic, not affecting reproduction and body length at higher concentrations, probably due to the biocompatibility of chitosan. 28160702 2 24 theme nanoparticles 291:303 arg1 alternative 268:278 an alternative 265:278 an alternative 265:278 In this study, we present as an alternative the use of nanoparticles loaded with pesticides and report their toxicological assessment to a soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 2 24 theme nanoparticles 291:303 arg1 use 284:286 the use 280:286 the use of nanoparticles loaded with pesticides 280:326 In this study, we present as an alternative the use of nanoparticles loaded with pesticides and report their toxicological assessment to a soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 0 25 theme nanopesticides 21:34 arg1 assessment 7:16 Safety assessment 0:16 Safety assessment of nanopesticides 0:34 Safety assessment of nanopesticides using the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 4 26 theme dependent 736:744 arg1 manner 746:751 a dose- dependent manner 728:751 a dose- dependent manner 728:751 All formulations, loaded or not with pesticides, increased lethality in a dose- dependent manner with similar LC50. 28160702 3 27 theme lipid 467:471 arg1 nanoparticles 473:485 solid lipid nanoparticles 461:485 solid lipid nanoparticles loaded or not with atrazine and simazine, SLN; polymeric nanoparticles, NC_PCL loaded with atrazine; and chitosan/tripolyphosphate, CS/TPP, loaded or not with paraquat 461:653 Three nanoparticle formulations were analyzed: solid lipid nanoparticles loaded or not with atrazine and simazine, SLN; polymeric nanoparticles, NC_PCL loaded with atrazine; and chitosan/tripolyphosphate, CS/TPP, loaded or not with paraquat. 28160702 6 28 theme CS/TPP 943:948 arg1 toxic 979:983 toxic 979:983 toxic 979:983 In contrast, both CS/TPP nanoparticles were the least toxic, not affecting reproduction and body length at higher concentrations, probably due to the biocompatibility of chitosan. 28160702 6 28 theme CS/TPP 943:948 arg1 nanoparticles 950:962 both CS/TPP nanoparticles 938:962 both CS/TPP nanoparticles 938:962 In contrast, both CS/TPP nanoparticles were the least toxic, not affecting reproduction and body length at higher concentrations, probably due to the biocompatibility of chitosan. 28160702 7 29 theme initial 1303:1309 arg1 characteristics 1311:1325 the same initial characteristics 1294:1325 the same initial characteristics 1294:1325 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 1 30 theme human 214:218 arg1 health 220:225 human health 214:225 human health 214:225 The extensive use of pesticides is causing environmental pollution, affecting animal organisms in different habitats and also leading human health at risk. 28160702 7 31 theme nanoparticles 1146:1158 arg1 characterization 1126:1141 The physico-chemical characterization 1105:1141 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) 1105:1226 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 5 32 theme developmental 840:852 arg1 rate 854:857 developmental rate 840:857 developmental rate 840:857 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 3 33 theme solid 461:465 arg1 nanoparticles 473:485 solid lipid nanoparticles 461:485 solid lipid nanoparticles loaded or not with atrazine and simazine, SLN; polymeric nanoparticles, NC_PCL loaded with atrazine; and chitosan/tripolyphosphate, CS/TPP, loaded or not with paraquat 461:653 Three nanoparticle formulations were analyzed: solid lipid nanoparticles loaded or not with atrazine and simazine, SLN; polymeric nanoparticles, NC_PCL loaded with atrazine; and chitosan/tripolyphosphate, CS/TPP, loaded or not with paraquat. 28160702 0 34 theme Caenorhabditis 56:69 arg1 elegans 71:77 the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans 42:77 the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans 42:77 Safety assessment of nanopesticides using the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 7 35 theme saline 1352:1357 arg1 environment 1359:1369 saline environment 1352:1369 saline environment 1352:1369 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 0 36 theme roundworm 46:54 arg1 elegans 71:77 the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans 42:77 the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans 42:77 Safety assessment of nanopesticides using the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 3 37 dep analyzed 451:458 arg1 nanoparticles 473:485 solid lipid nanoparticles 461:485 solid lipid nanoparticles loaded or not with atrazine and simazine, SLN; polymeric nanoparticles, NC_PCL loaded with atrazine; and chitosan/tripolyphosphate, CS/TPP, loaded or not with paraquat 461:653 Three nanoparticle formulations were analyzed: solid lipid nanoparticles loaded or not with atrazine and simazine, SLN; polymeric nanoparticles, NC_PCL loaded with atrazine; and chitosan/tripolyphosphate, CS/TPP, loaded or not with paraquat. 28160702 1 38 theme environmental 123:135 arg1 pollution 137:145 environmental pollution 123:145 environmental pollution 123:145 The extensive use of pesticides is causing environmental pollution, affecting animal organisms in different habitats and also leading human health at risk. 28160702 7 39 theme colloidal 1249:1257 arg1 systems 1259:1265 these colloidal systems 1243:1265 these colloidal systems 1243:1265 The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. 28160702 5 40 theme low 905:907 arg1 concentrations 909:922 low concentrations 905:922 low concentrations 905:922 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 1 41 theme pesticides 101:110 arg1 use 94:96 The extensive use 80:96 The extensive use of pesticides 80:110 The extensive use of pesticides is causing environmental pollution, affecting animal organisms in different habitats and also leading human health at risk. 28160702 4 42 theme similar 758:764 arg1 LC50 766:769 similar LC50 758:769 similar LC50 758:769 All formulations, loaded or not with pesticides, increased lethality in a dose- dependent manner with similar LC50. 28160702 5 43 theme worms 883:887 arg1 length 889:894 worms length 883:894 worms length 883:894 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 2 44 attach present 254:260 arg2 we 251:252 we 251:252 we 251:252 In this study, we present as an alternative the use of nanoparticles loaded with pesticides and report their toxicological assessment to a soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 2 44 attach present 254:260 arg1 study 244:248 this study 239:248 this study 239:248 In this study, we present as an alternative the use of nanoparticles loaded with pesticides and report their toxicological assessment to a soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. 28160702 6 45 theme body 1017:1020 arg1 length 1022:1027 body length 1017:1027 body length 1017:1027 In contrast, both CS/TPP nanoparticles were the least toxic, not affecting reproduction and body length at higher concentrations, probably due to the biocompatibility of chitosan. 28160702 6 46 theme higher 1032:1037 arg1 concentrations 1039:1052 higher concentrations 1032:1052 higher concentrations 1032:1052 In contrast, both CS/TPP nanoparticles were the least toxic, not affecting reproduction and body length at higher concentrations, probably due to the biocompatibility of chitosan. 28160702 5 47 theme loaded 777:782 arg1 formulations 824:835 the most toxic formulations 809:835 the most toxic formulations to developmental rate 809:857 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 5 47 theme loaded 777:782 arg1 NC_PCL 797:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL 772:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL 772:802 Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. 28160702 8 48 theme observed 1411:1418 arg1 effects 1420:1426 the observed effects 1407:1426 the observed effects 1407:1426 Notably, our results indicate that the observed effects were caused by the nanoparticles per se. 28160702 1 49 theme animal 158:163 arg1 organisms 165:173 animal organisms 158:173 animal organisms in different habitats 158:195 The extensive use of pesticides is causing environmental pollution, affecting animal organisms in different habitats and also leading human health at risk. 27902295 2 0 theme bacterial 120:128 arg1 strain 130:135 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain 89:135 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain 89:135 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 7 1 from relatives 1040:1048 arg1 discrimination 985:998 the discrimination 981:998 the discrimination of strain SL15-1T from its phylogenetic relatives 981:1048 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of strain SL15-1T from its phylogenetic relatives. 27902295 3 2 theme sequence 482:489 arg1 similarity 454:463 the highest similarity 442:463 the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) 442:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 5 3 theme predominant 754:764 arg1 menaquinone 766:776 the predominant menaquinone 750:776 the predominant menaquinone 750:776 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 5 3 theme predominant 754:764 arg1 MK-9 737:740 MK-9 737:740 MK-9(H4) 737:744 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 2 4 dep Gram-stain-positive 91:109 arg1 aerobic 112:118 aerobic 112:118 aerobic 112:118 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 9 5 theme =CGMCC 1121:1126 arg1 39825T 1142:1147 =CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T 1121:1147 =CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T 1121:1147 nov. is therefore proposed with strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) as the type strain. 27902295 9 5 theme =CGMCC 1121:1126 arg1 SL15-1T 1112:1118 strain SL15-1T 1105:1118 strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) 1105:1148 nov. is therefore proposed with strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) as the type strain. 27902295 3 6 theme 16S 343:345 arg1 sequences 357:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 9 7 theme 1.15906T=KCTC 1128:1140 arg1 39825T 1142:1147 =CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T 1121:1147 =CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T 1121:1147 nov. is therefore proposed with strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) as the type strain. 27902295 9 7 theme 1.15906T=KCTC 1128:1140 arg1 SL15-1T 1112:1118 strain SL15-1T 1105:1118 strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) 1105:1148 nov. is therefore proposed with strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) as the type strain. 27902295 3 8 theme Kribbella 506:514 arg1 15626T 533:538 Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T 506:538 Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T 506:538 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 2 9 theme northern 296:303 arg1 Mongolia 286:293 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 230:293 Mongolia 286:293 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 9 theme northern 296:303 arg1 China 305:309 northern China 296:309 northern China 296:309 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 3 10 theme sandramycini 516:527 arg1 15626T 533:538 Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T 506:538 Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T 506:538 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 4 11 theme polar 723:727 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 11 theme polar 723:727 arg1 lipids 729:734 the major polar lipids 713:734 the major polar lipids 713:734 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 11 theme polar 723:727 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 11 theme polar 723:727 arg1 aminophospholipids 691:708 two unknown aminophospholipids 679:708 two unknown aminophospholipids 679:708 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 11 theme polar 723:727 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 11 theme polar 723:727 arg1 lipid 669:673 an unknown lipid 658:673 an unknown lipid 658:673 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 12 theme major 717:721 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 12 theme major 717:721 arg1 lipids 729:734 the major polar lipids 713:734 the major polar lipids 713:734 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 12 theme major 717:721 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 12 theme major 717:721 arg1 aminophospholipids 691:708 two unknown aminophospholipids 679:708 two unknown aminophospholipids 679:708 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 12 theme major 717:721 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 12 theme major 717:721 arg1 lipid 669:673 an unknown lipid 658:673 an unknown lipid 658:673 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 13 theme unknown 661:667 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 13 theme unknown 661:667 arg1 lipids 729:734 the major polar lipids 713:734 the major polar lipids 713:734 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 13 theme unknown 661:667 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 13 theme unknown 661:667 arg1 aminophospholipids 691:708 two unknown aminophospholipids 679:708 two unknown aminophospholipids 679:708 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 13 theme unknown 661:667 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 13 theme unknown 661:667 arg1 lipid 669:673 an unknown lipid 658:673 an unknown lipid 658:673 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 5 14 dep anteiso-C15  785:796 arg1 C17  815:818 C17  815:818 C17  815:818 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 5 14 dep anteiso-C15  785:796 arg1  0 839:840  0 839:840  0 839:840 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 5 14 dep anteiso-C15  785:796 arg1  0 798:799  0 798:799  0 798:799 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 5 14 dep anteiso-C15  785:796 arg1 iso-C16  802:809 iso-C16  802:809 iso-C16  802:809 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 5 14 dep anteiso-C15  785:796 arg1  1ω8c 820:824  1ω8c 820:824  1ω8c 820:824 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 5 14 dep anteiso-C15  785:796 arg1 iso-C14  830:837 iso-C14  830:837 iso-C14  830:837 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 1 15 theme Ammopiptanthus 62:75 arg1 mongolicus 77:86 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus 62:86 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus 62:86 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. 27902295 0 16 theme deserti 10:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Kribbella deserti sp 0:19 Kribbella deserti sp. 0:20 Kribbella deserti sp. 27902295 6 17 theme G+C 895:897 arg1 content 899:905 Its genomic DNA G+C content 879:905 Its genomic DNA G+C content 879:905 Its genomic DNA G+C content was 65.3 mol%. 27902295 1 18 theme mongolicus 77:86 arg1 soil 54:57 rhizosphere soil 42:57 rhizosphere soil of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus 42:86 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. 27902295 0 19 theme Kribbella 0:8 arg1 sp 18:19 Kribbella deserti sp 0:19 Kribbella deserti sp. 0:20 Kribbella deserti sp. 27902295 6 20 theme 65.3 mol 911:918 arg1 % 919:919 65.3 mol% 911:919 65.3 mol% 911:919 Its genomic DNA G+C content was 65.3 mol%. 27902295 7 21 theme phylogenetic 1027:1038 arg1 relatives 1040:1048 its phylogenetic relatives 1023:1048 its phylogenetic relatives 1023:1048 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of strain SL15-1T from its phylogenetic relatives. 27902295 9 22 theme type 1157:1160 arg1 nov. 1073:1076 nov. 1073:1076 nov. 1073:1076 nov. is therefore proposed with strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) as the type strain. 27902295 9 22 theme type 1157:1160 arg1 strain 1162:1167 the type strain 1153:1167 the type strain 1153:1167 nov. is therefore proposed with strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) as the type strain. 27902295 3 23 theme Kribbella 415:423 arg1 strains 425:431 Kribbella strains 415:431 Kribbella strains 415:431 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 3 24 theme gene 352:355 arg1 sequences 357:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 7 25 theme SL15-1T 1010:1016 arg1 discrimination 985:998 the discrimination 981:998 the discrimination of strain SL15-1T from its phylogenetic relatives 981:1048 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of strain SL15-1T from its phylogenetic relatives. 27902295 2 26 theme Mongolia 286:293 arg1 rhizosphere 215:225 the rhizosphere 211:225 the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China 211:309 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 3 27 theme highest 446:452 arg1 similarity 454:463 the highest similarity 442:463 the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) 442:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 9 28 theme strain 1105:1110 arg1 39825T 1142:1147 =CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T 1121:1147 =CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T 1121:1147 nov. is therefore proposed with strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) as the type strain. 27902295 9 28 theme strain 1105:1110 arg1 SL15-1T 1112:1118 strain SL15-1T 1105:1118 strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) 1105:1148 nov. is therefore proposed with strain SL15-1T (=CGMCC 1.15906T=KCTC 39825T) as the type strain. 27902295 4 29 theme Strain 541:546 arg1 SL15-1T 548:554 Strain SL15-1T 541:554 Strain SL15-1T 541:554 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 2 30 theme desert 176:181 arg1 soil 183:186 desert soil 176:186 desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China 176:309 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 31 theme Inner 280:284 arg1 Ordos 273:277 Ordos 273:277 Ordos 273:277 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 31 theme Inner 280:284 arg1 Mongolia 286:293 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 230:293 Mongolia 286:293 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 31 theme Inner 280:284 arg1 China 305:309 northern China 296:309 northern China 296:309 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 31 theme Inner 280:284 arg1 Hangjin 257:263 Hangjin 257:263 Hangjin 257:263 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 5 32 theme cellular 857:864 arg1 anteiso-C15  785:796 anteiso-C15  785:796 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 785:840 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 5 32 theme cellular 857:864 arg1 acids 872:876 the major cellular fatty acids 847:876 the major cellular fatty acids 847:876 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 2 33 theme Gram-stain-positive 91:109 arg1 strain 130:135 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain 89:135 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain 89:135 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 7 34 theme strain 1003:1008 arg1 SL15-1T 1010:1016 strain SL15-1T 1003:1016 strain SL15-1T 1003:1016 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of strain SL15-1T from its phylogenetic relatives. 27902295 2 35 attach isolated 162:169 arg2 strain 130:135 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain 89:135 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain 89:135 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 35 attach isolated 162:169 arg1 soil 183:186 desert soil 176:186 desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China 176:309 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 3 36 theme strain 381:386 arg1 SL15-1T 388:394 strain SL15-1T 381:394 strain SL15-1T 381:394 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 6 37 theme DNA 891:893 arg1 content 899:905 Its genomic DNA G+C content 879:905 Its genomic DNA G+C content 879:905 Its genomic DNA G+C content was 65.3 mol%. 27902295 8 38 theme deserti 1061:1067 arg1 sp 1069:1070 Kribbella deserti sp 1051:1070 Kribbella deserti sp. 1051:1071 Kribbella deserti sp. 27902295 7 39 theme biochemical 955:965 arg1 tests 967:971 physiological and biochemical tests 937:971 physiological and biochemical tests 937:971 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of strain SL15-1T from its phylogenetic relatives. 27902295 3 40 theme rRNA 472:475 arg1 sequence 482:489 16S rRNA gene sequence 468:489 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) 468:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 3 40 theme rRNA 472:475 arg1 % 498:498 96.97 % 492:498 96.97 % 492:498 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 8 41 theme Kribbella 1051:1059 arg1 sp 1069:1070 Kribbella deserti sp 1051:1070 Kribbella deserti sp. 1051:1071 Kribbella deserti sp. 27902295 4 42 contain contained 556:564 arg2 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 42 contain contained 556:564 arg2 aminophospholipids 691:708 two unknown aminophospholipids 679:708 two unknown aminophospholipids 679:708 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 42 contain contained 556:564 arg2 lipid 669:673 an unknown lipid 658:673 an unknown lipid 658:673 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 42 contain contained 556:564 arg2 lipids 729:734 the major polar lipids 713:734 the major polar lipids 713:734 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 42 contain contained 556:564 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 42 contain contained 556:564 arg1 SL15-1T 548:554 Strain SL15-1T 541:554 Strain SL15-1T 541:554 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 42 contain contained 556:564 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 42 contain contained 556:564 arg2 phospholipid 644:655 an unknown phospholipid 633:655 an unknown phospholipid 633:655 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 3 43 theme gene 477:480 arg1 sequence 482:489 16S rRNA gene sequence 468:489 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) 468:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 3 43 theme gene 477:480 arg1 % 498:498 96.97 % 492:498 96.97 % 492:498 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 7 44 theme tests 967:971 arg1 results 926:932 The results 922:932 The results of physiological and biochemical tests 922:971 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of strain SL15-1T from its phylogenetic relatives. 27902295 7 45 theme physiological 937:949 arg1 tests 967:971 physiological and biochemical tests 937:971 physiological and biochemical tests 937:971 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of strain SL15-1T from its phylogenetic relatives. 27902295 5 46 theme fatty 866:870 arg1 anteiso-C15  785:796 anteiso-C15  785:796 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 785:840 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 5 46 theme fatty 866:870 arg1 acids 872:876 the major cellular fatty acids 847:876 the major cellular fatty acids 847:876 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 3 47 theme DSM 529:531 arg1 15626T 533:538 Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T 506:538 Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T 506:538 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 2 48 theme Banner 265:270 arg1 Ordos 273:277 Ordos 273:277 Ordos 273:277 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 48 theme Banner 265:270 arg1 Mongolia 286:293 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 230:293 Mongolia 286:293 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 48 theme Banner 265:270 arg1 China 305:309 northern China 296:309 northern China 296:309 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 48 theme Banner 265:270 arg1 Hangjin 257:263 Hangjin 257:263 Hangjin 257:263 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 5 49 theme major 851:855 arg1 anteiso-C15  785:796 anteiso-C15  785:796 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 785:840 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 5 49 theme major 851:855 arg1 acids 872:876 the major cellular fatty acids 847:876 the major cellular fatty acids 847:876 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902295 1 50 theme rhizosphere 42:52 arg1 soil 54:57 rhizosphere soil 42:57 rhizosphere soil of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus 42:86 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. 27902295 3 51 theme 16S 468:470 arg1 rRNA 472:475 16S rRNA 468:475 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) 468:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 3 52 theme Phylogenetic 312:323 arg1 analysis 325:332 Phylogenetic analysis 312:332 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 312:365 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27902295 2 53 theme mongolicus 245:254 arg1 Ordos 273:277 Ordos 273:277 Ordos 273:277 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 53 theme mongolicus 245:254 arg1 Mongolia 286:293 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 230:293 Mongolia 286:293 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 53 theme mongolicus 245:254 arg1 China 305:309 northern China 296:309 northern China 296:309 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 53 theme mongolicus 245:254 arg1 Hangjin 257:263 Hangjin 257:263 Hangjin 257:263 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 4 54 theme unknown 636:642 arg1 phospholipid 644:655 an unknown phospholipid 633:655 an unknown phospholipid 633:655 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 54 theme unknown 636:642 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 55 theme unknown 683:689 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 55 theme unknown 683:689 arg1 lipids 729:734 the major polar lipids 713:734 the major polar lipids 713:734 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 55 theme unknown 683:689 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 55 theme unknown 683:689 arg1 aminophospholipids 691:708 two unknown aminophospholipids 679:708 two unknown aminophospholipids 679:708 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 55 theme unknown 683:689 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 phosphatidylcholine 612:630 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 4 55 theme unknown 683:689 arg1 lipid 669:673 an unknown lipid 658:673 an unknown lipid 658:673 Strain SL15-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown aminophospholipids as the major polar lipids. 27902295 2 56 theme Ammopiptanthus 230:243 arg1 Ordos 273:277 Ordos 273:277 Ordos 273:277 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 56 theme Ammopiptanthus 230:243 arg1 Mongolia 286:293 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 230:293 Mongolia 286:293 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 56 theme Ammopiptanthus 230:243 arg1 China 305:309 northern China 296:309 northern China 296:309 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 2 56 theme Ammopiptanthus 230:243 arg1 Hangjin 257:263 Hangjin 257:263 Hangjin 257:263 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated SL15-1T, was isolated from desert soil which was sampled from the rhizosphere of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hangjin Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. 27902295 6 57 theme genomic 883:889 arg1 content 899:905 Its genomic DNA G+C content 879:905 Its genomic DNA G+C content 879:905 Its genomic DNA G+C content was 65.3 mol%. 27902295 3 58 theme rRNA 347:350 arg1 sequences 357:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SL15-1T was clustered with Kribbella strains, sharing the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence (96.97 %) with Kribbella sandramycini DSM 15626T. 27373977 3 0 from 28-30 °C 355:362 arg1 growth 345:350 optimal growth 337:350 optimal growth at 28-30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0 337:377 Growth occurred between 10 and 37 °C and at pH 6-10, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. 27373977 9 1 theme DNA 755:757 arg1 content 763:769 The DNA G+C content 751:769 The DNA G+C content 751:769 The DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. 27373977 9 1 theme DNA 755:757 arg1 % 783:783 58.5 mol% 775:783 58.5 mol% 775:783 The DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. 27373977 13 2 theme Populibacterium 1072:1086 arg1 corticicola 1088:1098 Populibacterium corticicola 1072:1098 Populibacterium corticicola 1072:1098 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola is 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T). 27373977 1 3 theme × 127:127 arg1 canker 142:147 Populus × euramericana canker 119:147 Populus × euramericana canker 119:147 nov., a member of the family Jonesiaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 7 4 theme phospholipid 542:553 arg1 profiles 555:562 The phospholipid profiles 538:562 The phospholipid profiles 538:562 The phospholipid profiles contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, two phospholipids and five glycolipids. 27373977 7 5 contain contained 564:572 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 574:595 diphosphatidylglycerol 574:595 diphosphatidylglycerol 574:595 The phospholipid profiles contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, two phospholipids and five glycolipids. 27373977 7 5 contain contained 564:572 arg1 profiles 555:562 The phospholipid profiles 538:562 The phospholipid profiles 538:562 The phospholipid profiles contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, two phospholipids and five glycolipids. 27373977 1 6 theme euramericana 129:140 arg1 canker 142:147 Populus × euramericana canker 119:147 Populus × euramericana canker 119:147 nov., a member of the family Jonesiaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 2 7 attach isolated 215:222 arg2 strains 202:208 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains 150:208 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains 150:208 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 2 7 attach isolated 215:222 arg1 tissue 238:243 the bark tissue 229:243 the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker 229:276 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 3 8 from pH 368:369 arg1 growth 345:350 optimal growth 337:350 optimal growth at 28-30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0 337:377 Growth occurred between 10 and 37 °C and at pH 6-10, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. 27373977 11 9 theme gen. 1033:1036 arg1 sp 1044:1045 sp 1044:1045 sp 1044:1045 The name proposed is Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 11 9 theme gen. 1033:1036 arg1 name 988:991 The name 984:991 The name proposed 984:1000 The name proposed is Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 11 9 theme gen. 1033:1036 arg1 nov. 1038:1041 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 1005:1041 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 1005:1041 The name proposed is Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 2 10 theme euramericana 258:269 arg1 canker 271:276 Populus × euramericana canker 248:276 Populus × euramericana canker 248:276 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 2 11 dep Gram-stain-positive 155:173 arg1 aerobic 176:182 aerobic 176:182 aerobic 176:182 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 2 11 dep Gram-stain-positive 155:173 arg1 motile 185:190 motile 185:190 motile 185:190 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 10 12 from genus 951:955 arg1 Jonesiaceae 971:981 the family Jonesiaceae 960:981 the family Jonesiaceae 960:981 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 13 13 theme =CFCC 1110:1114 arg1 33576T 1128:1133 =CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T 1110:1133 =CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T 1110:1133 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola is 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T). 27373977 13 13 theme =CFCC 1110:1114 arg1 2D-4T 1103:1107 2D-4T 1103:1107 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T) 1103:1134 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola is 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T). 27373977 2 14 theme × 256:256 arg1 canker 271:276 Populus × euramericana canker 248:276 Populus × euramericana canker 248:276 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 10 15 theme biochemical 857:867 arg1 characteristics 869:883 physiological and biochemical characteristics 839:883 physiological and biochemical characteristics 839:883 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 13 16 theme 11886T=KCTC 1116:1126 arg1 33576T 1128:1133 =CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T 1110:1133 =CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T 1110:1133 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola is 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T). 27373977 13 16 theme 11886T=KCTC 1116:1126 arg1 2D-4T 1103:1107 2D-4T 1103:1107 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T) 1103:1134 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola is 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T). 27373977 2 17 theme Populus 248:254 arg1 canker 271:276 Populus × euramericana canker 248:276 Populus × euramericana canker 248:276 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 1 18 theme canker 142:147 arg1 bark 111:114 symptomatic bark 99:114 symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker 99:147 nov., a member of the family Jonesiaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 3 19 dep 28-30 °C 355:362 arg1 7.0-8.0 371:377 7.0-8.0 371:377 7.0-8.0 371:377 Growth occurred between 10 and 37 °C and at pH 6-10, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. 27373977 10 20 from Jonesiaceae 971:981 arg1 species 934:940 a novel species 926:940 a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae 926:981 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 0 21 theme corticicola 16:26 arg1 nov. 33:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 0:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 0:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 0 22 theme Populibacterium 0:14 arg1 nov. 33:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 0:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 0:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 1 23 theme family 65:70 arg1 Jonesiaceae 72:82 the family Jonesiaceae 61:82 the family Jonesiaceae 61:82 nov., a member of the family Jonesiaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 9 24 theme G+C 759:761 arg1 content 763:769 The DNA G+C content 751:769 The DNA G+C content 751:769 The DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. 27373977 9 24 theme G+C 759:761 arg1 % 783:783 58.5 mol% 775:783 58.5 mol% 775:783 The DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. 27373977 1 25 theme Jonesiaceae 72:82 arg1 member 51:56 a member 49:56 a member of the family Jonesiaceae 49:82 nov., a member of the family Jonesiaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 1 25 theme Jonesiaceae 72:82 arg1 nov. 43:46 nov. 43:46 nov. 43:46 nov., a member of the family Jonesiaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 11 26 theme Populibacterium 1005:1019 arg1 sp 1044:1045 sp 1044:1045 sp 1044:1045 The name proposed is Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 11 26 theme Populibacterium 1005:1019 arg1 name 988:991 The name 984:991 The name proposed 984:1000 The name proposed is Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 11 26 theme Populibacterium 1005:1019 arg1 nov. 1038:1041 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 1005:1041 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 1005:1041 The name proposed is Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 0 27 theme gen. 28:31 arg1 nov. 33:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 0:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 0:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 2 28 theme Gram-stain-positive 155:173 arg1 strains 202:208 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains 150:208 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains 150:208 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 2 29 theme canker 271:276 arg1 tissue 238:243 the bark tissue 229:243 the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker 229:276 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 11 30 theme corticicola 1021:1031 arg1 sp 1044:1045 sp 1044:1045 sp 1044:1045 The name proposed is Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 11 30 theme corticicola 1021:1031 arg1 name 988:991 The name 984:991 The name proposed 984:1000 The name proposed is Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 11 30 theme corticicola 1021:1031 arg1 nov. 1038:1041 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 1005:1041 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 1005:1041 The name proposed is Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 7 31 dep diphosphatidylglycerol 574:595 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 620:639 phosphatidylglycerol 620:639 phosphatidylglycerol 620:639 The phospholipid profiles contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, two phospholipids and five glycolipids. 27373977 7 31 dep diphosphatidylglycerol 574:595 arg1 phospholipids 646:658 two phospholipids 642:658 two phospholipids 642:658 The phospholipid profiles contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, two phospholipids and five glycolipids. 27373977 7 31 dep diphosphatidylglycerol 574:595 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 598:617 phosphatidylinositol 598:617 phosphatidylinositol 598:617 The phospholipid profiles contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, two phospholipids and five glycolipids. 27373977 7 31 dep diphosphatidylglycerol 574:595 arg1 glycolipids 669:679 five glycolipids 664:679 five glycolipids 664:679 The phospholipid profiles contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, two phospholipids and five glycolipids. 27373977 6 32 dep anteiso-C15  509:520 arg1  0 522:523  0 522:523  0 522:523 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373977 6 32 dep anteiso-C15  509:520 arg1 C16  529:532 C16  529:532 C16  529:532 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373977 10 33 theme sequence 809:816 arg1 analysis 818:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 795:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 795:825 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 5 34 dep oxidase 451:457 arg1 activity 472:479 activity 472:479 activity 472:479 The strains were positive for oxidase and catalase activity. 27373977 4 35 theme 0-3  399:402 arg1 % 403:403 % 403:403 % 403:403 Growth occurred at 0-3 % (w/v) salinity. 27373977 4 36 dep % 403:403 arg1 w/v 406:408 w/v 406:408 w/v 406:408 Growth occurred at 0-3 % (w/v) salinity. 27373977 13 37 theme corticicola 1088:1098 arg1 2D-4T 1103:1107 2D-4T 1103:1107 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T) 1103:1134 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola is 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T). 27373977 13 37 theme corticicola 1088:1098 arg1 strain 1062:1067 The type strain 1053:1067 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola 1053:1098 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola is 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T). 27373977 10 38 theme new 947:949 arg1 genus 951:955 a new genus 945:955 a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae 945:981 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 8 39 theme peptidoglycan 686:698 arg1 type 700:703 The peptidoglycan type 682:703 The peptidoglycan type 682:703 The peptidoglycan type was A4α, which is based on l-Lys-d-Ser-d-Asp. 27373977 8 39 theme peptidoglycan 686:698 arg1 A4α 709:711 A4α 709:711 A4α 709:711 The peptidoglycan type was A4α, which is based on l-Lys-d-Ser-d-Asp. 27373977 6 40 dep  0 522:523 arg1  0 534:535  0 534:535  0 534:535 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373977 4 41 theme % 403:403 arg1 salinity 411:418 0-3 % (w/v) salinity 399:418 0-3 % (w/v) salinity 399:418 Growth occurred at 0-3 % (w/v) salinity. 27373977 0 42 dep sp 39:40 arg1 nov. 33:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 0:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov. 0:36 Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. 27373977 10 43 theme rRNA 799:802 arg1 analysis 818:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 795:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 795:825 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 6 44 theme fatty 492:496 arg1 anteiso-C15  509:520 anteiso-C15  509:520 anteiso-C15  509:520 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373977 6 44 theme fatty 492:496 arg1 acids 498:502 The major fatty acids 482:502 The major fatty acids 482:502 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373977 10 45 theme family 964:969 arg1 Jonesiaceae 971:981 the family Jonesiaceae 960:981 the family Jonesiaceae 960:981 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 2 46 theme bacterial 192:200 arg1 strains 202:208 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains 150:208 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains 150:208 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 10 47 theme 16S 795:797 arg1 analysis 818:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 795:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 795:825 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 10 48 theme gene 804:807 arg1 analysis 818:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 795:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 795:825 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 10 49 theme novel 928:932 arg1 species 934:940 a novel species 926:940 a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae 926:981 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 1 50 theme symptomatic 99:109 arg1 bark 111:114 symptomatic bark 99:114 symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker 99:147 nov., a member of the family Jonesiaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 9 51 theme mol 780:782 arg1 content 763:769 The DNA G+C content 751:769 The DNA G+C content 751:769 The DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. 27373977 9 51 theme mol 780:782 arg1 % 783:783 58.5 mol% 775:783 58.5 mol% 775:783 The DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. 27373977 2 52 theme bark 233:236 arg1 tissue 238:243 the bark tissue 229:243 the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker 229:276 Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 13 53 theme type 1057:1060 arg1 2D-4T 1103:1107 2D-4T 1103:1107 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T) 1103:1134 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola is 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T). 27373977 13 53 theme type 1057:1060 arg1 strain 1062:1067 The type strain 1053:1067 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola 1053:1098 The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola is 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T). 27373977 1 54 theme Populus 119:125 arg1 canker 142:147 Populus × euramericana canker 119:147 Populus × euramericana canker 119:147 nov., a member of the family Jonesiaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27373977 6 55 theme major 486:490 arg1 anteiso-C15  509:520 anteiso-C15  509:520 anteiso-C15  509:520 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373977 6 55 theme major 486:490 arg1 acids 498:502 The major fatty acids 482:502 The major fatty acids 482:502 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373977 10 56 theme genus 951:955 arg1 species 934:940 a novel species 926:940 a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae 926:981 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 10 57 from species 934:940 arg1 Jonesiaceae 971:981 the family Jonesiaceae 960:981 the family Jonesiaceae 960:981 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27373977 3 58 theme optimal 337:343 arg1 growth 345:350 optimal growth 337:350 optimal growth at 28-30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0 337:377 Growth occurred between 10 and 37 °C and at pH 6-10, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. 27373977 10 59 theme physiological 839:851 arg1 characteristics 869:883 physiological and biochemical characteristics 839:883 physiological and biochemical characteristics 839:883 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. 27255441 4 0 from MK-9 532:535 arg1 peptidoglycan 445:457 the peptidoglycan 441:457 the peptidoglycan 441:457 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 2 1 theme actinomycete 110:121 arg1 position 80:87 The taxonomic position 66:87 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, 66:139 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, was clarified by a polyphasic study. 27255441 3 2 theme single 200:205 arg1 spore 207:211 a single spore 198:211 a single spore 198:211 The strain produced a single spore, or occasionally a chain of spores, on aerial mycelium. 27255441 8 3 theme Actinomadura 1308:1319 arg1 sp 1335:1336 the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp 1299:1336 the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp 1299:1336 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 6 4 theme genus 977:981 arg1 Actinomadura 983:994 the genus Actinomadura 973:994 the genus Actinomadura 973:994 On the basis of the combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, CYP1-1BT was identified as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura. 27255441 6 5 theme morphological 871:883 arg1 characteristics 904:918 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 871:918 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 871:918 On the basis of the combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, CYP1-1BT was identified as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura. 27255441 4 6 theme galactose 460:468 arg1 H6 527:528 H6 527:528 H6 527:528 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 6 theme galactose 460:468 arg1 acid 433:436 meso-diaminopimelic acid 413:436 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6) 413:529 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 2 7 theme soil 105:108 arg1 actinomycete 110:121 the mountain soil actinomycete 92:121 the mountain soil actinomycete 92:121 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, was clarified by a polyphasic study. 27255441 2 7 theme soil 105:108 arg1 CYP1-1BT 131:138 strain CYP1-1BT 124:138 strain CYP1-1BT 124:138 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, was clarified by a polyphasic study. 27255441 4 8 theme phosphatidylinositol 736:755 arg1 manosides 757:765 phosphatidylinositol manosides 736:765 phosphatidylinositol manosides 736:765 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 9 theme genus 362:366 arg1 Actinomadura 368:379 the genus Actinomadura 358:379 the genus Actinomadura 358:379 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 7 10 theme Actinomadura 1097:1108 arg1 DSM 1123:1125 Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T 1097:1132 Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %) 1097:1141 On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). 27255441 7 10 theme Actinomadura 1097:1108 arg1 % 1140:1140 98.9 % 1135:1140 98.9 % 1135:1140 On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). 27255441 8 11 theme name 1303:1306 arg1 sp 1335:1336 the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp 1299:1336 the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp 1299:1336 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 2 12 theme mountain 96:103 arg1 actinomycete 110:121 the mountain soil actinomycete 92:121 the mountain soil actinomycete 92:121 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, was clarified by a polyphasic study. 27255441 2 12 theme mountain 96:103 arg1 CYP1-1BT 131:138 strain CYP1-1BT 124:138 strain CYP1-1BT 124:138 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, was clarified by a polyphasic study. 27255441 1 13 theme mountain 51:58 arg1 soil 60:63 mountain soil 51:63 mountain soil 51:63 nov., isolated from mountain soil. 27255441 8 14 theme hybridization 1178:1190 arg1 data 1192:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1144:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1144:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 8 15 theme Phenotypic 1144:1153 arg1 data 1192:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1144:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1144:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 4 16 theme Actinomadura 368:379 arg1 member 348:353 a member 346:353 a member of the genus Actinomadura 346:379 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 16 theme Actinomadura 368:379 arg1 menaquinones 566:577 dominant menaquinones 557:577 dominant menaquinones 557:577 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 8 17 theme montaniterrae 1321:1333 arg1 sp 1335:1336 the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp 1299:1336 the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp 1299:1336 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 4 18 from peptidoglycan 445:457 arg1 presence 401:408 the presence 397:408 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9 397:548 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 0 19 theme montaniterrae 13:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Actinomadura montaniterrae sp 0:28 Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 0:29 Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 2 20 theme strain 124:129 arg1 actinomycete 110:121 the mountain soil actinomycete 92:121 the mountain soil actinomycete 92:121 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, was clarified by a polyphasic study. 27255441 2 20 theme strain 124:129 arg1 CYP1-1BT 131:138 strain CYP1-1BT 124:138 strain CYP1-1BT 124:138 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, was clarified by a polyphasic study. 27255441 10 21 theme 349T=TISTR 1414:1423 arg1 CYP1-1BT 1376:1383 CYP1-1BT 1376:1383 CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T) 1376:1430 The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T). 27255441 10 21 theme 349T=TISTR 1414:1423 arg1 2400T 1425:1429 =JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T 1386:1429 =JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T 1386:1429 The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T). 27255441 7 22 theme analysis 1042:1049 arg1 results 1017:1023 the results 1013:1023 the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis 1013:1049 On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). 27255441 4 23 theme dominant 557:564 arg1 member 348:353 a member 346:353 a member of the genus Actinomadura 346:379 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 23 theme dominant 557:564 arg1 menaquinones 566:577 dominant menaquinones 557:577 dominant menaquinones 557:577 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 0 24 theme Actinomadura 0:11 arg1 sp 27:28 Actinomadura montaniterrae sp 0:28 Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 0:29 Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 4 25 theme cell 509:512 arg1 sugars 514:519 whole cell sugars 503:519 whole cell sugars 503:519 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 10 26 theme type 1361:1364 arg1 CYP1-1BT 1376:1383 CYP1-1BT 1376:1383 CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T) 1376:1430 The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T). 27255441 10 26 theme type 1361:1364 arg1 strain 1366:1371 The type strain 1357:1371 The type strain 1357:1371 The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T). 27255441 5 27 theme mol 830:832 arg1 % 833:833 74.3 mol% 825:833 74.3 mol% 825:833 The DNA G+C content was 74.3 mol%. 27255441 5 27 theme mol 830:832 arg1 content 813:819 The DNA G+C content 801:819 The DNA G+C content 801:819 The DNA G+C content was 74.3 mol%. 27255441 7 28 theme rRNA 1032:1035 arg1 analysis 1042:1049 16S rRNA gene analysis 1028:1049 16S rRNA gene analysis 1028:1049 On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). 27255441 4 29 theme whole 503:507 arg1 sugars 514:519 whole cell sugars 503:519 whole cell sugars 503:519 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 3 30 theme spores 241:246 arg1 chain 232:236 a chain 230:236 a chain of spores 230:246 The strain produced a single spore, or occasionally a chain of spores, on aerial mycelium. 27255441 3 30 theme spores 241:246 arg1 spore 207:211 a single spore 198:211 a single spore 198:211 The strain produced a single spore, or occasionally a chain of spores, on aerial mycelium. 27255441 4 31 from MK-9 545:548 arg1 peptidoglycan 445:457 the peptidoglycan 441:457 the peptidoglycan 441:457 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 7 32 theme gene 1037:1040 arg1 analysis 1042:1049 16S rRNA gene analysis 1028:1049 16S rRNA gene analysis 1028:1049 On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). 27255441 2 33 theme polyphasic 160:169 arg1 study 171:175 a polyphasic study 158:175 a polyphasic study 158:175 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, was clarified by a polyphasic study. 27255441 8 34 theme DNA-DNA 1170:1176 arg1 data 1192:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1144:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1144:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 4 35 from acid 433:436 arg1 peptidoglycan 445:457 the peptidoglycan 441:457 the peptidoglycan 441:457 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 10 36 theme =JCM 1386:1389 arg1 CYP1-1BT 1376:1383 CYP1-1BT 1376:1383 CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T) 1376:1430 The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T). 27255441 10 36 theme =JCM 1386:1389 arg1 2400T 1425:1429 =JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T 1386:1429 =JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T 1386:1429 The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T). 27255441 4 37 theme presence 401:408 arg1 basis 388:392 the basis 384:392 the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9 384:548 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 7 38 theme 16S 1028:1030 arg1 analysis 1042:1049 16S rRNA gene analysis 1028:1049 16S rRNA gene analysis 1028:1049 On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). 27255441 4 39 from presence 401:408 arg1 peptidoglycan 445:457 the peptidoglycan 441:457 the peptidoglycan 441:457 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 40 theme acid 433:436 arg1 presence 401:408 the presence 397:408 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9 397:548 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 8 41 theme novel 1249:1253 arg1 species 1255:1261 a novel species 1247:1261 a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp 1247:1336 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 8 42 theme genotypic 1156:1164 arg1 data 1192:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1144:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1144:1195 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 4 43 theme ribose 493:498 arg1 H6 527:528 H6 527:528 H6 527:528 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 43 theme ribose 493:498 arg1 acid 433:436 meso-diaminopimelic acid 413:436 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6) 413:529 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 44 theme madurose 480:487 arg1 H6 527:528 H6 527:528 H6 527:528 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 44 theme madurose 480:487 arg1 acid 433:436 meso-diaminopimelic acid 413:436 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6) 413:529 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 45 theme meso-diaminopimelic 413:431 arg1 H6 527:528 H6 527:528 H6 527:528 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 45 theme meso-diaminopimelic 413:431 arg1 acid 433:436 meso-diaminopimelic acid 413:436 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6) 413:529 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 5 46 theme DNA 805:807 arg1 % 833:833 74.3 mol% 825:833 74.3 mol% 825:833 The DNA G+C content was 74.3 mol%. 27255441 5 46 theme DNA 805:807 arg1 content 813:819 The DNA G+C content 801:819 The DNA G+C content 801:819 The DNA G+C content was 74.3 mol%. 27255441 4 47 theme glucose 471:477 arg1 H6 527:528 H6 527:528 H6 527:528 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 47 theme glucose 471:477 arg1 acid 433:436 meso-diaminopimelic acid 413:436 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6) 413:529 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 48 theme predominant 774:784 arg1 phospholipids 786:798 the predominant phospholipids 770:798 the predominant phospholipids 770:798 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 10 49 theme 16995T=KCTC 1391:1401 arg1 CYP1-1BT 1376:1383 CYP1-1BT 1376:1383 CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T) 1376:1430 The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T). 27255441 10 49 theme 16995T=KCTC 1391:1401 arg1 2400T 1425:1429 =JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T 1386:1429 =JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T 1386:1429 The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T). 27255441 7 50 dep results 1017:1023 arg1 the 1000:1002 the 1000:1002 the 1000:1002 On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). 27255441 7 50 dep results 1017:1023 arg1 basis 1004:1008 basis 1004:1008 basis 1004:1008 On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). 27255441 5 51 theme G+C 809:811 arg1 % 833:833 74.3 mol% 825:833 74.3 mol% 825:833 The DNA G+C content was 74.3 mol%. 27255441 5 51 theme G+C 809:811 arg1 content 813:819 The DNA G+C content 801:819 The DNA G+C content 801:819 The DNA G+C content was 74.3 mol%. 27255441 2 52 theme taxonomic 70:78 arg1 position 80:87 The taxonomic position 66:87 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, 66:139 The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, was clarified by a polyphasic study. 27255441 8 53 theme Actinomadura 1276:1287 arg1 species 1255:1261 a novel species 1247:1261 a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp 1247:1336 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 4 54 theme cellular 639:646 arg1 acids 654:658 the major cellular fatty acids 629:658 the major cellular fatty acids 629:658 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 55 theme CYP1-1BT 321:328 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 689:708 phosphatidylglycerol 689:708 phosphatidylglycerol 689:708 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 55 theme CYP1-1BT 321:328 arg1 classification 303:316 the classification 299:316 the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones 299:577 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 55 theme CYP1-1BT 321:328 arg1 C18  603:606 10-methylated C18  589:606 10-methylated C18  589:606 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 55 theme CYP1-1BT 321:328 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 711:730 phosphatidylinositol 711:730 phosphatidylinositol 711:730 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 55 theme CYP1-1BT 321:328 arg1  1ω9c 620:624  1ω9c 620:624  1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids 620:658 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 55 theme CYP1-1BT 321:328 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 665:686 diphosphatidylglycerol 665:686 diphosphatidylglycerol 665:686 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 55 theme CYP1-1BT 321:328 arg1  0 608:609  0 608:609  0 608:609 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 55 theme CYP1-1BT 321:328 arg1 manosides 757:765 phosphatidylinositol manosides 736:765 phosphatidylinositol manosides 736:765 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 55 theme CYP1-1BT 321:328 arg1 C18  615:618 C18  615:618 C18  615:618 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 55 theme CYP1-1BT 321:328 arg1  0 585:586  0 585:586  0 585:586 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 56 theme MK-9 532:535 arg1 presence 401:408 the presence 397:408 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9 397:548 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 3 57 theme aerial 252:257 arg1 mycelium 259:266 aerial mycelium 252:266 aerial mycelium 252:266 The strain produced a single spore, or occasionally a chain of spores, on aerial mycelium. 27255441 4 58 theme major 633:637 arg1 acids 654:658 the major cellular fatty acids 629:658 the major cellular fatty acids 629:658 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 59 theme 10-methylated 589:601 arg1 C18  603:606 10-methylated C18  589:606 10-methylated C18  589:606 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 6 60 theme characteristics 904:918 arg1 combination 856:866 the combination 852:866 the combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 852:918 On the basis of the combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, CYP1-1BT was identified as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura. 27255441 8 61 theme genus 1270:1274 arg1 Actinomadura 1276:1287 the genus Actinomadura 1266:1287 the genus Actinomadura 1266:1287 Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. 27255441 4 62 theme MK-9 545:548 arg1 presence 401:408 the presence 397:408 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9 397:548 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 4 63 theme Chemotaxonomic 269:282 arg1 data 284:287 Chemotaxonomic data 269:287 Chemotaxonomic data 269:287 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 7 64 theme nitritigenes 1110:1121 arg1 DSM 1123:1125 Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T 1097:1132 Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %) 1097:1141 On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). 27255441 7 64 theme nitritigenes 1110:1121 arg1 % 1140:1140 98.9 % 1135:1140 98.9 % 1135:1140 On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). 27255441 4 65 dep representing 333:344 arg1 H4 550:551 H4 550:551 H4 550:551 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 6 66 theme chemotaxonomic 889:902 arg1 characteristics 904:918 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 871:918 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 871:918 On the basis of the combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, CYP1-1BT was identified as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura. 27255441 10 67 theme 39784T=PCU 1403:1412 arg1 CYP1-1BT 1376:1383 CYP1-1BT 1376:1383 CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T) 1376:1430 The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T). 27255441 10 67 theme 39784T=PCU 1403:1412 arg1 2400T 1425:1429 =JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T 1386:1429 =JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T 1386:1429 The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T). 27255441 6 68 dep combination 856:866 arg1 the 839:841 the 839:841 the 839:841 On the basis of the combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, CYP1-1BT was identified as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura. 27255441 6 68 dep combination 856:866 arg1 basis 843:847 basis 843:847 basis 843:847 On the basis of the combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, CYP1-1BT was identified as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura. 27255441 4 69 theme fatty 648:652 arg1 acids 654:658 the major cellular fatty acids 629:658 the major cellular fatty acids 629:658 Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. 27255441 6 70 theme Actinomadura 983:994 arg1 member 963:968 a member 961:968 a member of the genus Actinomadura 961:994 On the basis of the combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, CYP1-1BT was identified as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura. 25744585 3 0 theme genus 331:335 arg1 Microbacterium 337:350 the genus Microbacterium 327:350 the genus Microbacterium 327:350 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this strain belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25744585 13 1 theme DSM 1339:1341 arg1 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 13 1 theme DSM 1339:1341 arg1 8356T 1357:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 5 2 theme DSM 555:557 arg1 12509T 559:564 M. hominis DSM 12509T 544:564 M. hominis DSM 12509T 544:564 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RZ36T and M. hominis DSM 12509T was 16 %. 25744585 6 3 theme phenotypic 640:649 arg1 characteristics 670:684 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 640:684 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 640:684 The affiliation to the genus Microbacterium was corroborated by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. 25744585 12 4 theme strain 1176:1181 arg1 RZ36T 1183:1187 strain RZ36T 1176:1187 strain RZ36T 1176:1187 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 7 5 theme cell-wall 691:699 arg1 type 715:718 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 687:718 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 687:718 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2β and the diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 25744585 7 5 theme cell-wall 691:699 arg1 B2β 724:726 B2β 724:726 B2β 724:726 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2β and the diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 25744585 12 6 dep Microbacterium 1280:1293 arg1 proteolyticum 1295:1307 proteolyticum 1295:1307 proteolyticum 1295:1307 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 12 7 theme genotypic 1141:1149 arg1 data 1170:1173 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1129:1173 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1129:1173 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 7 8 theme diamino 747:753 arg1 ornithine 764:772 ornithine 764:772 ornithine 764:772 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2β and the diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 25744585 7 8 theme diamino 747:753 arg1 acid 755:758 the diagnostic diamino acid 732:758 the diagnostic diamino acid 732:758 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2β and the diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 25744585 2 9 theme salt-marsh 157:166 arg1 portulacoides 184:196 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 153:196 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 153:196 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 4 10 theme pairwise 433:440 arg1 similarity 465:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 431:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 % 431:484 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 1 11 theme Halimione 61:69 arg1 portulacoides 71:83 Halimione portulacoides 61:83 Halimione portulacoides 61:83 nov. isolated from roots of Halimione portulacoides. 25744585 7 12 theme peptidoglycan 701:713 arg1 type 715:718 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 687:718 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 687:718 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2β and the diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 25744585 7 12 theme peptidoglycan 701:713 arg1 B2β 724:726 B2β 724:726 B2β 724:726 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2β and the diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 25744585 12 13 theme chemotaxonomic 1155:1168 arg1 data 1170:1173 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1129:1173 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1129:1173 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 3 14 theme gene 266:269 arg1 analysis 280:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 257:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 257:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this strain belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25744585 1 15 theme portulacoides 71:83 arg1 roots 52:56 roots 52:56 roots of Halimione portulacoides 52:83 nov. isolated from roots of Halimione portulacoides. 25744585 12 16 theme name 1275:1278 arg1 sp 1309:1310 the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp 1271:1310 the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp 1271:1310 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 11 17 theme G+C 1080:1082 arg1 content 1084:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content 1064:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content 1064:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. 25744585 11 17 theme G+C 1080:1082 arg1 % 1104:1104 69.7 mol% 1096:1104 69.7 mol% 1096:1104 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. 25744585 3 18 theme sequence 271:278 arg1 analysis 280:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 257:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 257:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this strain belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25744585 5 19 theme strain 527:532 arg1 RZ36T 534:538 strain RZ36T 527:538 strain RZ36T 527:538 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RZ36T and M. hominis DSM 12509T was 16 %. 25744585 13 20 theme = 1337:1337 arg1 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 13 20 theme = 1337:1337 arg1 8356T 1357:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 0 21 theme proteolyticum 15:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Microbacterium proteolyticum sp 0:30 Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 0:31 Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 3 22 theme 16S 257:259 arg1 analysis 280:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 257:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 257:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this strain belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25744585 4 23 theme Microbacterium 391:404 arg1 12509T 418:423 Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T 391:423 Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T 391:423 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 4 23 theme Microbacterium 391:404 arg1 relative 378:385 The closest phylogenetic relative 353:385 The closest phylogenetic relative 353:385 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 11 24 theme genomic 1068:1074 arg1 content 1084:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content 1064:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content 1064:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. 25744585 11 24 theme genomic 1068:1074 arg1 % 1104:1104 69.7 mol% 1096:1104 69.7 mol% 1096:1104 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. 25744585 0 25 theme Microbacterium 0:13 arg1 sp 29:30 Microbacterium proteolyticum sp 0:30 Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 0:31 Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 13 26 theme 27100T 1343:1348 arg1 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 13 26 theme 27100T 1343:1348 arg1 8356T 1357:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 3 27 theme rRNA 261:264 arg1 analysis 280:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 257:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 257:287 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this strain belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25744585 9 28 theme major 860:864 arg1 0 897:897 0 897:897 0 897:897 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-11 (64 %). 25744585 9 28 theme major 860:864 arg1 acids 872:876 The major fatty acids 856:876 The major fatty acids 856:876 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-11 (64 %). 25744585 13 29 theme RZ36T 1331:1335 arg1 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 13 29 theme RZ36T 1331:1335 arg1 8356T 1357:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 7 30 theme diagnostic 736:745 arg1 ornithine 764:772 ornithine 764:772 ornithine 764:772 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2β and the diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 25744585 7 30 theme diagnostic 736:745 arg1 acid 755:758 the diagnostic diamino acid 732:758 the diagnostic diamino acid 732:758 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2β and the diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 25744585 6 31 theme genus 599:603 arg1 Microbacterium 605:618 the genus Microbacterium 595:618 the genus Microbacterium 595:618 The affiliation to the genus Microbacterium was corroborated by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. 25744585 13 32 theme = 1350:1350 arg1 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 13 32 theme = 1350:1350 arg1 8356T 1357:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 4 33 theme DSM 414:416 arg1 12509T 418:423 Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T 391:423 Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T 391:423 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 4 33 theme DSM 414:416 arg1 relative 378:385 The closest phylogenetic relative 353:385 The closest phylogenetic relative 353:385 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 10 34 theme polar 964:968 arg1 lipids 970:975 Main polar lipids 959:975 Main polar lipids 959:975 Main polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 25744585 11 35 theme mol 1101:1103 arg1 content 1084:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content 1064:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content 1064:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. 25744585 11 35 theme mol 1101:1103 arg1 % 1104:1104 69.7 mol% 1096:1104 69.7 mol% 1096:1104 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. 25744585 13 36 theme CECT 1352:1355 arg1 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 13 36 theme CECT 1352:1355 arg1 8356T 1357:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 5 37 dep M. 544:545 arg1 hominis 547:553 hominis 547:553 hominis 547:553 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RZ36T and M. hominis DSM 12509T was 16 %. 25744585 5 38 theme DNA-DNA 491:497 arg1 hybridization 499:511 DNA-DNA hybridization 491:511 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RZ36T and M. hominis DSM 12509T 487:564 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RZ36T and M. hominis DSM 12509T was 16 %. 25744585 4 39 with 12509T 418:423 arg1 similarity 465:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 431:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 % 431:484 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 13 40 theme strain 1324:1329 arg1 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 13 40 theme strain 1324:1329 arg1 8356T 1357:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 2 41 theme portulacoides 184:196 arg1 roots 144:148 roots 144:148 roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 144:196 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 10 42 theme unknown 1043:1049 arg1 glycolipids 1051:1061 two unknown glycolipids 1039:1061 two unknown glycolipids 1039:1061 Main polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 25744585 5 43 theme hybridization 499:511 arg1 value 513:517 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 487:517 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RZ36T and M. hominis DSM 12509T 487:564 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RZ36T and M. hominis DSM 12509T was 16 %. 25744585 5 43 theme hybridization 499:511 arg1 % 573:573 16 % 570:573 16 % 570:573 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RZ36T and M. hominis DSM 12509T was 16 %. 25744585 12 44 theme genus 1239:1243 arg1 Microbacterium 1245:1258 the genus Microbacterium 1235:1258 the genus Microbacterium 1235:1258 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 2 45 theme strain 116:121 arg1 RZ36T 123:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T 86:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T 86:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 2 46 theme Halimione 174:182 arg1 portulacoides 184:196 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 153:196 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 153:196 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 10 47 theme Main 959:962 arg1 lipids 970:975 Main polar lipids 959:975 Main polar lipids 959:975 Main polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 25744585 4 48 theme phylogenetic 365:376 arg1 12509T 418:423 Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T 391:423 Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T 391:423 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 4 48 theme phylogenetic 365:376 arg1 relative 378:385 The closest phylogenetic relative 353:385 The closest phylogenetic relative 353:385 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 12 49 theme Microbacterium 1245:1258 arg1 species 1224:1230 a novel species 1216:1230 a novel species 1216:1230 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 2 50 theme actinobacterial 100:114 arg1 RZ36T 123:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T 86:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T 86:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 2 51 theme plant 168:172 arg1 portulacoides 184:196 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 153:196 the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 153:196 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 2 52 theme taxonomic 229:237 arg1 characterization 239:254 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 216:254 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 216:254 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 4 53 theme closest 357:363 arg1 12509T 418:423 Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T 391:423 Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T 391:423 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 4 53 theme closest 357:363 arg1 relative 378:385 The closest phylogenetic relative 353:385 The closest phylogenetic relative 353:385 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 12 54 theme novel 1218:1222 arg1 species 1224:1230 a novel species 1216:1230 a novel species 1216:1230 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 2 55 theme endophytic 89:98 arg1 RZ36T 123:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T 86:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T 86:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 4 56 theme rRNA 446:449 arg1 similarity 465:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 431:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 % 431:484 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 2 57 theme polyphasic 218:227 arg1 characterization 239:254 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 216:254 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 216:254 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 4 58 theme % 484:484 arg1 similarity 465:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 431:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 % 431:484 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 12 59 theme phenotypic 1129:1138 arg1 data 1170:1173 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1129:1173 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1129:1173 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 4 60 theme 16S 442:444 arg1 similarity 465:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 431:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 % 431:484 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 9 61 theme fatty 866:870 arg1 0 897:897 0 897:897 0 897:897 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-11 (64 %). 25744585 9 61 theme fatty 866:870 arg1 acids 872:876 The major fatty acids 856:876 The major fatty acids 856:876 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-11 (64 %). 25744585 12 62 dep data 1170:1173 arg1 basis 1120:1124 basis 1120:1124 basis 1120:1124 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 12 62 dep data 1170:1173 arg1 the 1116:1118 the 1116:1118 the 1116:1118 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 4 63 theme sequence 456:463 arg1 similarity 465:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 431:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 % 431:484 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 12 64 theme Microbacterium 1280:1293 arg1 sp 1309:1310 the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp 1271:1310 the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp 1271:1310 Thus, on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RZ36T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium proteolyticum sp. 25744585 4 65 theme gene 451:454 arg1 similarity 465:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 431:474 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 % 431:484 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 11 66 theme DNA 1076:1078 arg1 content 1084:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content 1064:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content 1064:1090 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. 25744585 11 66 theme DNA 1076:1078 arg1 % 1104:1104 69.7 mol% 1096:1104 69.7 mol% 1096:1104 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. 25744585 5 67 theme M. 544:545 arg1 12509T 559:564 M. hominis DSM 12509T 544:564 M. hominis DSM 12509T 544:564 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RZ36T and M. hominis DSM 12509T was 16 %. 25744585 2 68 attach isolated 130:137 arg2 RZ36T 123:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T 86:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T 86:127 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 2 68 attach isolated 130:137 arg1 roots 144:148 roots 144:148 roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides 144:196 An endophytic actinobacterial strain RZ36T, isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 25744585 4 69 dep Microbacterium 391:404 arg1 hominis 406:412 hominis 406:412 hominis 406:412 The closest phylogenetic relative was Microbacterium hominis DSM 12509T, with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.8 %. 25744585 9 70 theme major 923:927 arg1 menaquinone 929:939 the major menaquinone 919:939 the major menaquinone 919:939 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-11 (64 %). 25744585 9 70 theme major 923:927 arg1 MK-11 945:949 MK-11 945:949 MK-11 945:949 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-11 (64 %). 25744585 6 71 theme chemotaxonomic 655:668 arg1 characteristics 670:684 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 640:684 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 640:684 The affiliation to the genus Microbacterium was corroborated by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. 25744585 8 72 theme Whole-cell 775:784 arg1 sugars 786:791 Whole-cell sugars 775:791 Whole-cell sugars detected 775:800 Whole-cell sugars detected were galactose, glucose, rhamnose, ribose and xylose. 25744585 13 73 theme type 1319:1322 arg1 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov 1313:1315 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25744585 13 73 theme type 1319:1322 arg1 8356T 1357:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T 1319:1361 nov. (type strain RZ36T = DSM 27100T = CECT 8356T) is proposed. 25462769 7 0 theme assemblages 1647:1657 arg1 role 1629:1632 a role 1627:1632 a role of bacterial assemblages in controlling metal solubilization processes 1627:1703 However, independently from the experimental conditions investigated no dissolution of metals occurred, suggesting a role of bacterial assemblages in controlling metal solubilization processes. 25462769 2 1 theme diversity 382:390 arg1 changes 347:353 changes 347:353 changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) 347:477 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 4 2 theme reducing 973:980 arg1 bacteria 982:989 sulfate reducing bacteria 965:989 sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 965:1125 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 6 3 theme sedimentary 1416:1426 arg1 matter 1436:1441 sedimentary organic matter 1416:1441 sedimentary organic matter 1416:1441 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 8 4 theme consequences 1893:1904 arg1 understanding 1862:1874 a better understanding 1853:1874 a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments 1853:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 1 5 theme ecosystem 299:307 arg1 health 309:314 ecosystem health 299:314 ecosystem health 299:314 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 8 6 theme bio-treatments 1909:1922 arg1 consequences 1893:1904 the potential consequences 1879:1904 the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments 1879:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 1 7 theme important 192:200 arg1 changes 202:208 important changes 192:208 important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals 192:254 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 4 8 theme relative 942:949 arg1 importance 951:960 the relative importance 938:960 the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 938:1125 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 6 9 theme bacterial 1297:1305 arg1 taxa 1307:1310 bacterial taxa 1297:1310 bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 1297:1344 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 3 10 from changes 783:789 arg1 diversity 804:812 bacterial diversity 794:812 bacterial diversity 794:812 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 3 10 from changes 783:789 arg1 composition 829:839 assemblage composition 818:839 assemblage composition 818:839 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 3 11 theme assemblage 818:827 arg1 composition 829:839 assemblage composition 818:839 assemblage composition 818:839 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 6 12 theme residual 1477:1484 arg1 fraction 1486:1493 the residual fraction 1473:1493 the residual fraction of the sediment 1473:1509 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 6 13 theme Cd 1390:1391 arg1 decrease 1378:1385 a significant decrease 1364:1385 a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb 1364:1448 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 1 14 from consequences 283:294 arg1 health 309:314 ecosystem health 299:314 ecosystem health 299:314 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 5 15 theme inorganic 1210:1218 arg1 nutrients 1220:1228 inorganic nutrients 1210:1228 inorganic nutrients 1210:1228 An opposite effect was observed in the experimental treatments supplied also with inorganic nutrients. 25462769 8 16 theme contaminated 1945:1956 arg1 sediments 1965:1973 contaminated marine sediments 1945:1973 contaminated marine sediments 1945:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 6 17 dep reflected 1351:1359 arg1 associated 1457:1466 associated 1457:1466 associated with the residual fraction of the sediment 1457:1509 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 3 18 theme inorganic 670:678 arg1 compounds 680:688 organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds 630:688 organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds 630:688 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 1 19 from changes 202:208 arg1 mobility 217:224 mobility 217:224 mobility 217:224 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 1 19 from changes 202:208 arg1 bioavailability 230:244 bioavailability 230:244 bioavailability 230:244 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 4 20 theme taxa 1088:1091 arg1 decrease 1076:1083 a concomitant decrease 1062:1083 a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 1062:1125 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 1 21 theme marine 164:169 arg1 sediments 171:179 contaminated marine sediments 151:179 contaminated marine sediments 151:179 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 2 22 theme marine 535:540 arg1 sediments 542:550 anoxic marine sediments 528:550 anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content 528:586 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 4 23 theme Experimental 842:853 arg1 systems 855:861 Experimental systems 842:861 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates 842:899 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 6 24 theme sediment 1502:1509 arg1 fraction 1486:1493 the residual fraction 1473:1493 the residual fraction of the sediment 1473:1509 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 2 25 theme high 569:572 arg1 content 580:586 high metal content 569:586 high metal content 569:586 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 2 26 theme fingerprinting 423:436 arg1 combination 398:408 a combination 396:408 a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses 396:476 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 0 27 theme diversity 103:111 arg1 changes 82:88 changes 82:88 changes of bacterial diversity 82:111 Bioremediation of contaminated marine sediments can enhance metal mobility due to changes of bacterial diversity. 25462769 2 28 theme biostimulation 486:499 arg1 experiments 501:511 biostimulation experiments 486:511 biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content 486:586 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 8 29 theme Overall 1706:1712 arg1 results 1714:1720 Overall results 1706:1720 Overall results of this study 1706:1734 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 2 30 theme sequencing 458:467 arg1 analyses 469:476 sequencing analyses 458:476 sequencing analyses 458:476 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 0 31 theme contaminated 18:29 arg1 sediments 38:46 contaminated marine sediments 18:46 contaminated marine sediments 18:46 Bioremediation of contaminated marine sediments can enhance metal mobility due to changes of bacterial diversity. 25462769 8 32 theme study 1730:1734 arg1 results 1714:1720 Overall results 1706:1720 Overall results of this study 1706:1734 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 8 33 from bio-treatments 1909:1922 arg1 fate 1937:1940 the metal fate 1927:1940 the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments 1927:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 2 34 theme next 442:445 arg1 generation 447:456 next generation 442:456 next generation 442:456 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 0 35 theme sediments 38:46 arg1 Bioremediation 0:13 Bioremediation 0:13 Bioremediation of contaminated marine sediments 0:46 Bioremediation of contaminated marine sediments can enhance metal mobility due to changes of bacterial diversity. 25462769 7 36 dep occurred 1606:1613 arg1 investigated 1568:1579 investigated 1568:1579 investigated 1568:1579 However, independently from the experimental conditions investigated no dissolution of metals occurred, suggesting a role of bacterial assemblages in controlling metal solubilization processes. 25462769 8 37 from consequences 1893:1904 arg1 fate 1937:1940 the metal fate 1927:1940 the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments 1927:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 7 38 theme metal 1674:1678 arg1 processes 1695:1703 metal solubilization processes 1674:1703 metal solubilization processes 1674:1703 However, independently from the experimental conditions investigated no dissolution of metals occurred, suggesting a role of bacterial assemblages in controlling metal solubilization processes. 25462769 8 39 from fate 1937:1940 arg1 sediments 1965:1973 contaminated marine sediments 1945:1973 contaminated marine sediments 1945:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 8 39 from fate 1937:1940 arg1 consequences 1893:1904 the potential consequences 1879:1904 the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments 1879:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 2 40 theme bacterial 358:366 arg1 abundance 368:376 bacterial abundance 358:376 bacterial abundance 358:376 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 8 41 theme new 1836:1838 arg1 insights 1840:1847 new insights 1836:1847 new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments 1836:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 6 42 theme bacterial 1247:1255 arg1 metabolism 1257:1266 bacterial metabolism 1247:1266 bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 1247:1344 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 8 43 theme biogeochemical 1765:1778 arg1 interactions 1780:1791 key biogeochemical interactions 1761:1791 key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior 1761:1822 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 2 44 dep fingerprinting 423:436 arg1 analyses 469:476 sequencing analyses 458:476 sequencing analyses 458:476 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 7 45 theme bacterial 1637:1645 arg1 assemblages 1647:1657 bacterial assemblages 1637:1657 bacterial assemblages 1637:1657 However, independently from the experimental conditions investigated no dissolution of metals occurred, suggesting a role of bacterial assemblages in controlling metal solubilization processes. 25462769 5 46 theme opposite 1131:1138 arg1 effect 1140:1145 An opposite effect 1128:1145 An opposite effect 1128:1145 An opposite effect was observed in the experimental treatments supplied also with inorganic nutrients. 25462769 8 47 theme better 1855:1860 arg1 understanding 1862:1874 a better understanding 1853:1874 a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments 1853:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 1 48 theme detrimental 271:281 arg1 consequences 283:294 potential detrimental consequences 261:294 potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health 261:314 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 1 49 theme potential 261:269 arg1 consequences 283:294 potential detrimental consequences 261:294 potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health 261:314 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 4 50 theme importance 951:960 arg1 increase 926:933 an increase 923:933 an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 923:1125 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 8 51 theme metal 1809:1813 arg1 behavior 1815:1822 the metal behavior 1805:1822 the metal behavior 1805:1822 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 3 52 theme bacterial 753:761 arg1 growth 763:768 bacterial growth 753:768 bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition 753:839 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 6 53 theme organic 1428:1434 arg1 matter 1436:1441 sedimentary organic matter 1416:1441 sedimentary organic matter 1416:1441 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 4 54 theme sulfate 965:971 arg1 bacteria 982:989 sulfate reducing bacteria 965:989 sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 965:1125 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 7 55 theme metals 1599:1604 arg1 dissolution 1584:1594 no dissolution 1581:1594 no dissolution of metals 1581:1604 However, independently from the experimental conditions investigated no dissolution of metals occurred, suggesting a role of bacterial assemblages in controlling metal solubilization processes. 25462769 3 56 theme bacterial 794:802 arg1 diversity 804:812 bacterial diversity 794:812 bacterial diversity 794:812 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 8 57 theme potential 1883:1891 arg1 consequences 1893:1904 the potential consequences 1879:1904 the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments 1879:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 3 58 dep organic 630:636 arg1 lactose 639:645 lactose 639:645 lactose 639:645 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 3 58 dep organic 630:636 arg1 acetate 654:660 acetate 654:660 acetate 654:660 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 6 59 theme taxa 1307:1310 arg1 increase 1285:1292 the increase 1281:1292 the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 1281:1344 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 6 60 theme Zn 1397:1398 arg1 decrease 1378:1385 a significant decrease 1364:1385 a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb 1364:1448 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 7 61 theme experimental 1544:1555 arg1 conditions 1557:1566 the experimental conditions 1540:1566 the experimental conditions 1540:1566 However, independently from the experimental conditions investigated no dissolution of metals occurred, suggesting a role of bacterial assemblages in controlling metal solubilization processes. 25462769 8 62 theme metal 1931:1935 arg1 fate 1937:1940 the metal fate 1927:1940 the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments 1927:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 3 63 theme organic 630:636 arg1 compounds 680:688 organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds 630:688 organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds 630:688 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 1 64 theme Bioremediation 114:127 arg1 strategies 129:138 Bioremediation strategies 114:138 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments 114:179 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 4 65 theme bacteria 982:989 arg1 importance 951:960 the relative importance 938:960 the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 938:1125 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 6 66 theme significant 1366:1376 arg1 decrease 1378:1385 a significant decrease 1364:1385 a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb 1364:1448 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 5 67 theme experimental 1167:1178 arg1 treatments 1180:1189 the experimental treatments 1163:1189 the experimental treatments supplied also with inorganic nutrients 1163:1228 An opposite effect was observed in the experimental treatments supplied also with inorganic nutrients. 25462769 8 68 theme marine 1958:1963 arg1 sediments 1965:1973 contaminated marine sediments 1945:1973 contaminated marine sediments 1945:1973 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 0 69 theme due 75:77 arg1 mobility 66:73 metal mobility 60:73 metal mobility due to changes of bacterial diversity 60:111 Bioremediation of contaminated marine sediments can enhance metal mobility due to changes of bacterial diversity. 25462769 1 70 theme contaminated 151:162 arg1 sediments 171:179 contaminated marine sediments 151:179 contaminated marine sediments 151:179 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 2 71 theme anoxic 528:533 arg1 sediments 542:550 anoxic marine sediments 528:550 anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content 528:586 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 0 72 theme bacterial 93:101 arg1 diversity 103:111 bacterial diversity 93:111 bacterial diversity 93:111 Bioremediation of contaminated marine sediments can enhance metal mobility due to changes of bacterial diversity. 25462769 2 73 theme metal 574:578 arg1 content 580:586 high metal content 569:586 high metal content 569:586 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 4 74 theme concomitant 1064:1074 arg1 decrease 1076:1083 a concomitant decrease 1062:1083 a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 1062:1125 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 2 75 theme molecular 413:421 arg1 fingerprinting 423:436 molecular fingerprinting 413:436 molecular fingerprinting 413:436 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 4 76 with families 1008:1015 arg1 decrease 1076:1083 a concomitant decrease 1062:1083 a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 1062:1125 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 0 77 theme marine 31:36 arg1 sediments 38:46 contaminated marine sediments 18:46 contaminated marine sediments 18:46 Bioremediation of contaminated marine sediments can enhance metal mobility due to changes of bacterial diversity. 25462769 3 78 theme contaminated 693:704 arg1 sediments 706:714 contaminated sediments 693:714 contaminated sediments 693:714 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 2 79 theme generation 447:456 arg1 combination 398:408 a combination 396:408 a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses 396:476 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 3 80 theme compounds 680:688 arg1 addition 618:625 the addition 614:625 the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments 614:714 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 4 81 dep families 1008:1015 arg1 Desulfobacteraceae 1017:1034 Desulfobacteraceae 1017:1034 Desulfobacteraceae 1017:1034 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 4 81 dep families 1008:1015 arg1 families 1008:1015 the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae 1004:1055 the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 1004:1125 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 4 81 dep families 1008:1015 arg1 Desulfobulbaceae 1040:1055 Desulfobulbaceae 1040:1055 Desulfobulbaceae 1040:1055 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 0 82 theme metal 60:64 arg1 mobility 66:73 metal mobility 60:73 metal mobility due to changes of bacterial diversity 60:111 Bioremediation of contaminated marine sediments can enhance metal mobility due to changes of bacterial diversity. 25462769 8 83 theme key 1761:1763 arg1 interactions 1780:1791 key biogeochemical interactions 1761:1791 key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior 1761:1822 Overall results of this study have allowed to identify key biogeochemical interactions influencing the metal behavior and provide new insights for a better understanding of the potential consequences of bio-treatments on the metal fate in contaminated marine sediments. 25462769 3 84 theme significant 729:739 arg1 increase 741:748 a significant increase 727:748 a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition 727:839 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 2 85 theme abundance 368:376 arg1 changes 347:353 changes 347:353 changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) 347:477 In this study we investigated changes of bacterial abundance and diversity (by a combination of molecular fingerprinting and next generation sequencing analyses) during biostimulation experiments carried out on anoxic marine sediments characterized by high metal content. 25462769 1 86 dep mobility 217:224 arg1 the 213:215 the 213:215 the 213:215 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 7 87 theme solubilization 1680:1693 arg1 processes 1695:1703 metal solubilization processes 1674:1703 metal solubilization processes 1674:1703 However, independently from the experimental conditions investigated no dissolution of metals occurred, suggesting a role of bacterial assemblages in controlling metal solubilization processes. 25462769 6 88 theme metabolism 1257:1266 arg1 increase 1235:1242 The increase 1231:1242 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae 1231:1344 The increase of bacterial metabolism coupled with the increase of bacterial taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae were reflected in a significant decrease of Cd and Zn associated with sedimentary organic matter and Pb and As associated with the residual fraction of the sediment. 25462769 1 89 theme metals 249:254 arg1 mobility 217:224 mobility 217:224 mobility 217:224 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 1 89 theme metals 249:254 arg1 bioavailability 230:244 bioavailability 230:244 bioavailability 230:244 Bioremediation strategies applied to contaminated marine sediments can induce important changes in the mobility and bioavailability of metals with potential detrimental consequences on ecosystem health. 25462769 3 90 theme growth 763:768 arg1 increase 741:748 a significant increase 727:748 a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition 727:839 We provide evidence that the addition of organic (lactose and/or acetate) and/or inorganic compounds to contaminated sediments determines a significant increase of bacterial growth coupled with changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition. 25462769 4 91 theme organic 882:888 arg1 substrates 890:899 organic substrates 882:899 organic substrates 882:899 Experimental systems supplied only with organic substrates were characterized by an increase of the relative importance of sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to the families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae with a concomitant decrease of taxa affiliated with Flavobacteriaceae. 25462769 5 92 located observed 1151:1158 arg1 treatments 1180:1189 the experimental treatments 1163:1189 the experimental treatments supplied also with inorganic nutrients 1163:1228 An opposite effect was observed in the experimental treatments supplied also with inorganic nutrients. 25462769 5 92 located observed 1151:1158 arg2 effect 1140:1145 An opposite effect 1128:1145 An opposite effect 1128:1145 An opposite effect was observed in the experimental treatments supplied also with inorganic nutrients. 29206331 5 0 dep adhesion 696:703 arg1 the 692:694 the 692:694 the 692:694 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 9 1 theme Part 1168:1171 arg1 B 1173:1173 Part B 1168:1173 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2741-2749, 2018. 1149:1212 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2741-2749, 2018. 29206331 3 2 theme matrix 502:507 arg1 architecture 443:454 structural architecture 432:454 structural architecture 432:454 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 3 2 theme matrix 502:507 arg1 functions 471:479 biological functions 460:479 biological functions 460:479 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 5 3 from adhesion 696:703 arg1 bottom 757:762 bottom 757:762 bottom 757:762 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 5 3 from adhesion 696:703 arg1 top 749:751 top 749:751 top 749:751 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 6 4 theme mimicry 924:930 arg1 process 932:938 the vasculogenic mimicry process 907:938 the vasculogenic mimicry process 907:938 Particularly, the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV induced SK-MEL-28 cells to organize themselves as well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process. 29206331 5 5 theme BNC-IKVAV 652:660 arg1 hydrogel 662:669 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel 652:669 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel 652:669 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 6 6 theme BNC-IKVAV 810:818 arg1 surface 799:805 the bottom surface 788:805 the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV 788:818 Particularly, the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV induced SK-MEL-28 cells to organize themselves as well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process. 29206331 1 7 theme great 189:193 arg1 interest 195:202 great interest 189:202 great interest 189:202 Vasculogenic mimicry process has generated great interest over the past decade. 29206331 0 8 theme vasculogenic 115:126 arg1 mimicry 128:134 vasculogenic mimicry 115:134 vasculogenic mimicry 115:134 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix modulates melanoma tumor cell adhesion and proliferation and induces vasculogenic mimicry in vitro. 29206331 6 9 theme vasculogenic 911:922 arg1 mimicry 924:930 the vasculogenic mimicry 907:930 the vasculogenic mimicry process 907:938 Particularly, the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV induced SK-MEL-28 cells to organize themselves as well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process. 29206331 3 10 theme melanoma 543:550 arg1 SK-MEL-28 559:567 SK-MEL-28 559:567 SK-MEL-28 559:567 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 3 10 theme melanoma 543:550 arg1 cells 552:556 human melanoma cells 537:556 human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) 537:568 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 4 11 theme IKVAV 597:601 arg1 peptide 603:609 IKVAV peptide 597:609 IKVAV peptide 597:609 We chemically immobilized IKVAV peptide on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) fibers. 29206331 5 12 theme cells 736:740 arg1 proliferation 709:721 proliferation 709:721 proliferation 709:721 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 5 12 theme cells 736:740 arg1 adhesion 696:703 adhesion 696:703 adhesion 696:703 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 3 13 theme cells 552:556 arg1 mimicry 526:532 vasculogenic mimicry 513:532 vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) 513:568 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 2 14 theme available 279:287 arg1 matrices 270:277 only a few matrices 259:277 only a few matrices available that allow us to study that process in vitro 259:332 So far, however, there have been only a few matrices available that allow us to study that process in vitro. 29206331 7 15 theme antitumor 1101:1109 arg1 drugs 1111:1115 antitumor drugs 1101:1115 antitumor drugs 1101:1115 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 6 16 theme bottom 792:797 arg1 surface 799:805 the bottom surface 788:805 the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV 788:818 Particularly, the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV induced SK-MEL-28 cells to organize themselves as well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process. 29206331 6 17 theme related 896:902 arg1 themselves 856:865 themselves 856:865 themselves 856:865 Particularly, the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV induced SK-MEL-28 cells to organize themselves as well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process. 29206331 6 17 theme related 896:902 arg1 networks 887:894 well-established networks 870:894 well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process 870:938 Particularly, the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV induced SK-MEL-28 cells to organize themselves as well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process. 29206331 5 18 from proliferation 709:721 arg1 bottom 757:762 bottom 757:762 bottom 757:762 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 5 18 from proliferation 709:721 arg1 top 749:751 top 749:751 top 749:751 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 0 19 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 matrix 39:44 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix 0:44 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix 0:44 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix modulates melanoma tumor cell adhesion and proliferation and induces vasculogenic mimicry in vitro. 29206331 0 20 theme nanocellulose-IKVAV 10:28 arg1 matrix 39:44 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix 0:44 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix 0:44 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix modulates melanoma tumor cell adhesion and proliferation and induces vasculogenic mimicry in vitro. 29206331 3 21 theme innovative 362:371 arg1 platform 382:389 an innovative hydrogel platform 359:389 an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) 359:568 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 9 22 dep Res 1164:1166 arg1 106B 1191:1194 106B 1191:1194 106B 1191:1194 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2741-2749, 2018. 29206331 9 22 dep Res 1164:1166 arg1 B 1173:1173 Part B 1168:1173 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2741-2749, 2018. 1149:1212 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2741-2749, 2018. 29206331 9 22 dep Res 1164:1166 arg1 Biomater 1181:1188 Biomater 1181:1188 Biomater 1181:1188 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2741-2749, 2018. 29206331 9 22 dep Res 1164:1166 arg1 2018 1208:1211 2018 1208:1211 2018 1208:1211 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2741-2749, 2018. 29206331 1 23 theme past 213:216 arg1 decade 218:223 the past decade 209:223 the past decade 209:223 Vasculogenic mimicry process has generated great interest over the past decade. 29206331 8 24 dep © 1118:1118 arg1 Inc. 1144:1147 Inc. 1144:1147 Inc. 1144:1147 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 29206331 0 25 theme hydrogel 30:37 arg1 matrix 39:44 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix 0:44 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix 0:44 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix modulates melanoma tumor cell adhesion and proliferation and induces vasculogenic mimicry in vitro. 29206331 1 26 dep mimicry 159:165 arg1 process 167:173 process 167:173 process 167:173 Vasculogenic mimicry process has generated great interest over the past decade. 29206331 6 27 theme well-established 870:885 arg1 themselves 856:865 themselves 856:865 themselves 856:865 Particularly, the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV induced SK-MEL-28 cells to organize themselves as well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process. 29206331 6 27 theme well-established 870:885 arg1 networks 887:894 well-established networks 870:894 well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process 870:938 Particularly, the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV induced SK-MEL-28 cells to organize themselves as well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process. 29206331 3 28 theme biological 460:469 arg1 functions 471:479 biological functions 460:479 biological functions 460:479 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 0 29 theme melanoma 56:63 arg1 adhesion 76:83 melanoma tumor cell adhesion 56:83 melanoma tumor cell adhesion 56:83 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix modulates melanoma tumor cell adhesion and proliferation and induces vasculogenic mimicry in vitro. 29206331 5 30 dep top 749:751 arg1 the 745:747 the 745:747 the 745:747 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 5 30 dep top 749:751 arg1 surfaces 764:771 surfaces 764:771 surfaces 764:771 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 3 31 theme structural 432:441 arg1 architecture 443:454 structural architecture 432:454 structural architecture 432:454 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 3 32 theme defined 396:402 arg1 composition 404:414 defined composition 396:414 defined composition 396:414 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 7 33 used used 1035:1038 arg2 BNC-IKVAV 983:991 BNC-IKVAV 983:991 not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels 974:1014 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 7 33 used used 1035:1038 arg2 hydrogels 1006:1014 BNC hydrogels 1002:1014 not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels 974:1014 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 7 33 used used 1035:1038 arg2 platform 1063:1070 a three-dimensional platform 1043:1070 a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs 1043:1115 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 3 34 with platform 382:389 arg1 composition 404:414 defined composition 396:414 defined composition 396:414 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 3 35 theme hydrogel 373:380 arg1 platform 382:389 an innovative hydrogel platform 359:389 an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) 359:568 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 5 36 theme SK-MEL-28 726:734 arg1 cells 736:740 SK-MEL-28 cells 726:740 SK-MEL-28 cells 726:740 BNC-IKVAV hydrogel was found to improve the adhesion and proliferation of SK-MEL-28 cells on the top and bottom surfaces. 29206331 0 37 theme tumor 65:69 arg1 adhesion 76:83 melanoma tumor cell adhesion 56:83 melanoma tumor cell adhesion 56:83 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix modulates melanoma tumor cell adhesion and proliferation and induces vasculogenic mimicry in vitro. 29206331 7 38 theme three-dimensional 1045:1061 arg1 BNC-IKVAV 983:991 BNC-IKVAV 983:991 not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels 974:1014 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 7 38 theme three-dimensional 1045:1061 arg1 hydrogels 1006:1014 BNC hydrogels 1002:1014 not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels 974:1014 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 7 38 theme three-dimensional 1045:1061 arg1 platform 1063:1070 a three-dimensional platform 1043:1070 a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs 1043:1115 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 7 39 theme drugs 1111:1115 arg1 screening 1088:1096 the screening 1084:1096 the screening of antitumor drugs 1084:1115 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 3 40 theme extracellular 488:500 arg1 matrix 502:507 the extracellular matrix 484:507 the extracellular matrix 484:507 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 1 41 theme Vasculogenic 146:157 arg1 mimicry 159:165 Vasculogenic mimicry process 146:173 Vasculogenic mimicry process 146:173 Vasculogenic mimicry process has generated great interest over the past decade. 29206331 9 42 dep Biomater 1181:1188 arg1 2741-2749 1197:1205 2741-2749 1197:1205 2741-2749 1197:1205 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2741-2749, 2018. 29206331 3 43 theme human 537:541 arg1 SK-MEL-28 559:567 SK-MEL-28 559:567 SK-MEL-28 559:567 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 3 43 theme human 537:541 arg1 cells 552:556 human melanoma cells 537:556 human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) 537:568 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 6 44 theme SK-MEL-28 828:836 arg1 cells 838:842 SK-MEL-28 cells 828:842 SK-MEL-28 cells 828:842 Particularly, the bottom surface of BNC-IKVAV induced SK-MEL-28 cells to organize themselves as well-established networks related to the vasculogenic mimicry process. 29206331 3 45 dep architecture 443:454 arg1 the 428:430 the 428:430 the 428:430 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 7 46 theme BNC 1002:1004 arg1 BNC-IKVAV 983:991 BNC-IKVAV 983:991 not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels 974:1014 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 7 46 theme BNC 1002:1004 arg1 platform 1063:1070 a three-dimensional platform 1043:1070 a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs 1043:1115 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 7 46 theme BNC 1002:1004 arg1 hydrogels 1006:1014 BNC hydrogels 1002:1014 not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels 974:1014 Finally, our results showed that not only BNC-IKVAV but also BNC hydrogels can potentially be used as a three-dimensional platform that allows the screening of antitumor drugs. 29206331 3 47 theme vasculogenic 513:524 arg1 mimicry 526:532 vasculogenic mimicry 513:532 vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) 513:568 Here, we have developed an innovative hydrogel platform with defined composition that mimics the structural architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix for vasculogenic mimicry of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). 29206331 4 48 theme nanocellulose 624:636 arg1 fibers 644:649 bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) fibers 614:649 bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) fibers 614:649 We chemically immobilized IKVAV peptide on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) fibers. 29206331 0 49 theme cell 71:74 arg1 adhesion 76:83 melanoma tumor cell adhesion 56:83 melanoma tumor cell adhesion 56:83 Bacterial nanocellulose-IKVAV hydrogel matrix modulates melanoma tumor cell adhesion and proliferation and induces vasculogenic mimicry in vitro. 29206331 4 50 theme bacterial 614:622 arg1 BNC 639:641 BNC 639:641 BNC 639:641 We chemically immobilized IKVAV peptide on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) fibers. 29206331 4 50 theme bacterial 614:622 arg1 nanocellulose 624:636 bacterial nanocellulose 614:636 bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) fibers 614:649 We chemically immobilized IKVAV peptide on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) fibers. 27460447 8 0 theme potential 1289:1297 arg1 application 1299:1309 potential application 1289:1309 potential application 1289:1309 The sixteen GHases that were cloned may have potential application for biomass conversion and bioproduct production. 27460447 4 1 theme major 536:540 arg1 role 542:545 a major role 534:545 a major role 534:545 Cytophagales, which plays a major role in cotton biomass decomposition, was identified as a prevalent community member by 16S rRNA analysis. 27460447 9 2 dep composition 1499:1509 arg1 the 1495:1497 the 1495:1497 the 1495:1497 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 1 3 theme higher 146:151 arg1 performance 153:163 higher performance 146:163 higher performance 146:163 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 9 4 from degradation 1435:1445 arg1 characterization 1372:1387 Functional characterization 1361:1387 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation 1361:1445 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 9 4 from degradation 1435:1445 arg1 analysis 1451:1458 analysis 1451:1458 analysis of the GHases 1451:1472 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 0 5 from metagenomics 15:26 arg1 degradation 63:73 cotton degradation 56:73 cotton degradation 56:73 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 27460447 5 6 theme GHase 680:684 arg1 homologs 686:693 2058 GHase homologs 675:693 2058 GHase homologs 675:693 From the metagenome data, 2058 GHase homologs were identified, of which sixteen were successfully expressed in E. coli. 27460447 1 7 theme performance 153:163 arg1 GHases 135:140 GHases 135:140 GHases 135:140 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 1 7 theme performance 153:163 arg1 hydrolases 123:132 Glycoside hydrolases 113:132 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance 113:163 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 1 8 theme industrial 258:267 arg1 processes 269:277 industrial processes 258:277 industrial processes 258:277 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 0 9 theme glycoside 91:99 arg1 hydrolases 101:110 new glycoside hydrolases 87:110 new glycoside hydrolases 87:110 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 27460447 2 10 theme crude 377:381 arg1 degradation 398:408 crude cotton biomass degradation 377:408 crude cotton biomass degradation 377:408 The current study represents functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire involved in crude cotton biomass degradation. 27460447 4 11 theme 16S 630:632 arg1 analysis 639:646 16S rRNA analysis 630:646 16S rRNA analysis 630:646 Cytophagales, which plays a major role in cotton biomass decomposition, was identified as a prevalent community member by 16S rRNA analysis. 27460447 0 12 theme new 87:89 arg1 hydrolases 101:110 new glycoside hydrolases 87:110 new glycoside hydrolases 87:110 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 27460447 2 13 theme cotton 383:388 arg1 degradation 398:408 crude cotton biomass degradation 377:408 crude cotton biomass degradation 377:408 The current study represents functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire involved in crude cotton biomass degradation. 27460447 9 14 from characterization 1372:1387 arg1 degradation 1435:1445 cotton biomass degradation 1420:1445 cotton biomass degradation 1420:1445 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 2 15 theme current 284:290 arg1 study 292:296 The current study 280:296 The current study 280:296 The current study represents functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire involved in crude cotton biomass degradation. 27460447 3 16 theme efficient 473:481 arg1 hydrolysis 483:492 efficient hydrolysis 473:492 efficient hydrolysis of cellulose 473:505 Physical contact between cells and substrate is necessary for efficient hydrolysis of cellulose. 27460447 8 17 theme biomass 1315:1321 arg1 conversion 1323:1332 biomass conversion 1315:1332 biomass conversion 1315:1332 The sixteen GHases that were cloned may have potential application for biomass conversion and bioproduct production. 27460447 5 18 theme metagenome 658:667 arg1 data 669:672 the metagenome data 654:672 the metagenome data 654:672 From the metagenome data, 2058 GHase homologs were identified, of which sixteen were successfully expressed in E. coli. 27460447 9 19 theme Functional 1361:1370 arg1 characterization 1372:1387 Functional characterization 1361:1387 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation 1361:1445 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 9 20 theme degradation 1568:1578 arg1 pathways 1542:1549 pathways 1542:1549 pathways 1542:1549 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 9 20 theme degradation 1568:1578 arg1 enzymes 1530:1536 enzymes 1530:1536 enzymes 1530:1536 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 8 21 theme bioproduct 1338:1347 arg1 production 1349:1358 bioproduct production 1338:1358 bioproduct production 1338:1358 The sixteen GHases that were cloned may have potential application for biomass conversion and bioproduct production. 27460447 7 22 theme degrading 1225:1233 arg1 enzymes 1235:1241 novel biomass degrading enzymes 1211:1241 novel biomass degrading enzymes 1211:1241 Metagenomics provides a good resource for mining novel biomass degrading enzymes. 27460447 8 23 contain have 1284:1287 arg1 GHases 1256:1261 The sixteen GHases 1244:1261 The sixteen GHases that were cloned 1244:1278 The sixteen GHases that were cloned may have potential application for biomass conversion and bioproduct production. 27460447 8 23 contain have 1284:1287 arg2 application 1299:1309 potential application 1289:1309 potential application 1289:1309 The sixteen GHases that were cloned may have potential application for biomass conversion and bioproduct production. 27460447 0 24 theme Bioprospecting 0:13 arg1 metagenomics 15:26 Bioprospecting metagenomics 0:26 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 0:111 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 27460447 6 25 theme carboxymethyl 1086:1098 arg1 cellulose 1100:1108 carboxymethyl cellulose 1086:1108 carboxymethyl cellulose 1086:1108 Four enzymes showed activities on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside, four showed activities on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, two had activities against p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucuronide, one showed activity on laminarin, three had activities against p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide, one had activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose, and one towards p-nitrophenyl-β-d-mannopyranoside. 27460447 7 26 theme novel 1211:1215 arg1 enzymes 1235:1241 novel biomass degrading enzymes 1211:1241 novel biomass degrading enzymes 1211:1241 Metagenomics provides a good resource for mining novel biomass degrading enzymes. 27460447 1 27 theme efficient 192:200 arg1 degradation 202:212 efficient degradation 192:212 efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes 192:277 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 3 28 theme Physical 411:418 arg1 contact 420:426 Physical contact 411:426 Physical contact between cells and substrate 411:454 Physical contact between cells and substrate is necessary for efficient hydrolysis of cellulose. 27460447 4 29 theme prevalent 600:608 arg1 member 620:625 a prevalent community member 598:625 a prevalent community member 598:625 Cytophagales, which plays a major role in cotton biomass decomposition, was identified as a prevalent community member by 16S rRNA analysis. 27460447 4 29 theme prevalent 600:608 arg1 Cytophagales 508:519 Cytophagales 508:519 Cytophagales 508:519 Cytophagales, which plays a major role in cotton biomass decomposition, was identified as a prevalent community member by 16S rRNA analysis. 27460447 7 30 theme biomass 1217:1223 arg1 enzymes 1235:1241 novel biomass degrading enzymes 1211:1241 novel biomass degrading enzymes 1211:1241 Metagenomics provides a good resource for mining novel biomass degrading enzymes. 27460447 9 31 theme enzymatic 1396:1404 arg1 repertoire 1406:1415 the enzymatic repertoire 1392:1415 the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation 1392:1445 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 2 32 theme functional 309:318 arg1 characterization 320:335 functional characterization 309:335 functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire involved in crude cotton biomass degradation 309:408 The current study represents functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire involved in crude cotton biomass degradation. 27460447 0 33 theme community 43:51 arg1 metagenomics 15:26 Bioprospecting metagenomics 0:26 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 0:111 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 27460447 9 34 theme enzymes 1530:1536 arg1 interaction 1515:1525 interaction 1515:1525 interaction 1515:1525 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 9 34 theme enzymes 1530:1536 arg1 composition 1499:1509 composition 1499:1509 composition 1499:1509 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 9 35 theme repertoire 1406:1415 arg1 characterization 1372:1387 Functional characterization 1361:1387 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation 1361:1445 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 9 35 theme repertoire 1406:1415 arg1 analysis 1451:1458 analysis 1451:1458 analysis of the GHases 1451:1472 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 0 36 theme microbial 33:41 arg1 community 43:51 a microbial community 31:51 a microbial community 31:51 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 27460447 4 37 theme community 610:618 arg1 member 620:625 a prevalent community member 598:625 a prevalent community member 598:625 Cytophagales, which plays a major role in cotton biomass decomposition, was identified as a prevalent community member by 16S rRNA analysis. 27460447 4 37 theme community 610:618 arg1 Cytophagales 508:519 Cytophagales 508:519 Cytophagales 508:519 Cytophagales, which plays a major role in cotton biomass decomposition, was identified as a prevalent community member by 16S rRNA analysis. 27460447 4 38 theme cotton 550:555 arg1 decomposition 565:577 cotton biomass decomposition 550:577 cotton biomass decomposition 550:577 Cytophagales, which plays a major role in cotton biomass decomposition, was identified as a prevalent community member by 16S rRNA analysis. 27460447 1 39 theme plant 217:221 arg1 biomass 223:229 plant biomass 217:229 plant biomass 217:229 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 0 40 theme cotton 56:61 arg1 degradation 63:73 cotton degradation 56:73 cotton degradation 56:73 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 27460447 4 41 theme biomass 557:563 arg1 decomposition 565:577 cotton biomass decomposition 550:577 cotton biomass decomposition 550:577 Cytophagales, which plays a major role in cotton biomass decomposition, was identified as a prevalent community member by 16S rRNA analysis. 27460447 7 42 theme good 1186:1189 arg1 resource 1191:1198 a good resource 1184:1198 a good resource for mining novel biomass degrading enzymes 1184:1241 Metagenomics provides a good resource for mining novel biomass degrading enzymes. 27460447 9 43 theme cotton 1420:1425 arg1 degradation 1435:1445 cotton biomass degradation 1420:1445 cotton biomass degradation 1420:1445 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 1 44 theme Glycoside 113:121 arg1 GHases 135:140 GHases 135:140 GHases 135:140 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 1 44 theme Glycoside 113:121 arg1 hydrolases 123:132 Glycoside hydrolases 113:132 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance 113:163 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 1 45 from sugars 248:253 arg1 processes 269:277 industrial processes 258:277 industrial processes 258:277 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 9 46 theme biomass 1427:1433 arg1 degradation 1435:1445 cotton biomass degradation 1420:1445 cotton biomass degradation 1420:1445 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 6 47 from activities 849:858 arg1 p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside 863:895 p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside 863:895 p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside 863:895 Four enzymes showed activities on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside, four showed activities on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, two had activities against p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucuronide, one showed activity on laminarin, three had activities against p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide, one had activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose, and one towards p-nitrophenyl-β-d-mannopyranoside. 27460447 9 48 theme plant 1554:1558 arg1 degradation 1568:1578 plant biomass degradation 1554:1578 plant biomass degradation 1554:1578 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 6 49 from activities 789:798 arg1 p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside 803:834 p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside 803:834 p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside 803:834 Four enzymes showed activities on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside, four showed activities on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, two had activities against p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucuronide, one showed activity on laminarin, three had activities against p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide, one had activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose, and one towards p-nitrophenyl-β-d-mannopyranoside. 27460447 2 50 theme repertoire 354:363 arg1 characterization 320:335 functional characterization 309:335 functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire involved in crude cotton biomass degradation 309:408 The current study represents functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire involved in crude cotton biomass degradation. 27460447 9 51 theme biomass 1560:1566 arg1 degradation 1568:1578 plant biomass degradation 1554:1578 plant biomass degradation 1554:1578 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 1 52 theme biomass 223:229 arg1 degradation 202:212 efficient degradation 192:212 efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes 192:277 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 9 53 from repertoire 1406:1415 arg1 degradation 1435:1445 cotton biomass degradation 1420:1445 cotton biomass degradation 1420:1445 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 2 54 theme enzymatic 344:352 arg1 repertoire 354:363 the enzymatic repertoire 340:363 the enzymatic repertoire involved in crude cotton biomass degradation 340:408 The current study represents functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire involved in crude cotton biomass degradation. 27460447 6 55 contain had 902:904 arg2 activities 906:915 activities 906:915 activities against p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucuronide 906:953 Four enzymes showed activities on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside, four showed activities on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, two had activities against p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucuronide, one showed activity on laminarin, three had activities against p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide, one had activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose, and one towards p-nitrophenyl-β-d-mannopyranoside. 27460447 6 55 contain had 902:904 arg1 two 898:900 two 898:900 two 898:900 Four enzymes showed activities on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside, four showed activities on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, two had activities against p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucuronide, one showed activity on laminarin, three had activities against p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide, one had activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose, and one towards p-nitrophenyl-β-d-mannopyranoside. 27460447 4 56 theme rRNA 634:637 arg1 analysis 639:646 16S rRNA analysis 630:646 16S rRNA analysis 630:646 Cytophagales, which plays a major role in cotton biomass decomposition, was identified as a prevalent community member by 16S rRNA analysis. 27460447 3 57 theme cellulose 497:505 arg1 hydrolysis 483:492 efficient hydrolysis 473:492 efficient hydrolysis of cellulose 473:505 Physical contact between cells and substrate is necessary for efficient hydrolysis of cellulose. 27460447 0 58 dep metagenomics 15:26 arg1 Mining 76:81 Mining 76:81 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 0:111 Bioprospecting metagenomics of a microbial community on cotton degradation: Mining for new glycoside hydrolases. 27460447 1 59 theme fermentable 236:246 arg1 sugars 248:253 fermentable sugars 236:253 fermentable sugars in industrial processes 236:277 Glycoside hydrolases (GHases) of higher performance are immediately needed for efficient degradation of plant biomass into fermentable sugars in industrial processes. 27460447 9 60 from analysis 1451:1458 arg1 degradation 1435:1445 cotton biomass degradation 1420:1445 cotton biomass degradation 1420:1445 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 9 61 theme GHases 1467:1472 arg1 characterization 1372:1387 Functional characterization 1361:1387 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation 1361:1445 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 9 61 theme GHases 1467:1472 arg1 analysis 1451:1458 analysis 1451:1458 analysis of the GHases 1451:1472 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 2 62 theme biomass 390:396 arg1 degradation 398:408 crude cotton biomass degradation 377:408 crude cotton biomass degradation 377:408 The current study represents functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire involved in crude cotton biomass degradation. 27460447 9 63 theme pathways 1542:1549 arg1 interaction 1515:1525 interaction 1515:1525 interaction 1515:1525 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 27460447 9 63 theme pathways 1542:1549 arg1 composition 1499:1509 composition 1499:1509 composition 1499:1509 Functional characterization of the enzymatic repertoire in cotton biomass degradation and analysis of the GHases provide insight into the composition and interaction of enzymes and pathways of plant biomass degradation. 26297040 4 0 theme optimal 526:532 arg1 35 °C 583:587 35 °C 583:587 35 °C 583:587 The optimal growth temperature and pH for strain HUA-2T were 35 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. 26297040 4 0 theme optimal 526:532 arg1 temperature 541:551 The optimal growth temperature 522:551 The optimal growth temperature 522:551 The optimal growth temperature and pH for strain HUA-2T were 35 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. 26297040 5 1 theme fatty 699:703 arg1 different 716:724 different 716:724 different 716:724 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 1 theme fatty 699:703 arg1 acids 705:709 the major cellular fatty acids 680:709 the major cellular fatty acids 680:709 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 3 2 theme Dysgonomonas 368:379 arg1 19375T 399:404 Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T 368:404 Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T 368:404 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 2 3 dep Gram-stain-negative 108:126 arg1 anaerobic 143:151 anaerobic 143:151 anaerobic 143:151 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HUA-2T, was isolated from an alginate-degrading microbial consortium. 26297040 2 3 dep Gram-stain-negative 108:126 arg1 rod-shaped 185:194 rod-shaped 185:194 rod-shaped 185:194 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HUA-2T, was isolated from an alginate-degrading microbial consortium. 26297040 2 3 dep Gram-stain-negative 108:126 arg1 non-spore-forming 166:182 non-spore-forming 166:182 non-spore-forming 166:182 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HUA-2T, was isolated from an alginate-degrading microbial consortium. 26297040 2 3 dep Gram-stain-negative 108:126 arg1 non-motile 154:163 non-motile 154:163 non-motile 154:163 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HUA-2T, was isolated from an alginate-degrading microbial consortium. 26297040 3 4 theme Dysgonomonas 410:421 arg1 43457T 435:440 Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T 410:440 Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T 410:440 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 5 5 theme major 684:688 arg1 different 716:724 different 716:724 different 716:724 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 5 theme major 684:688 arg1 acids 705:709 the major cellular fatty acids 680:709 the major cellular fatty acids 680:709 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 6 6 theme strain 829:834 arg1 HUA-2T 836:841 strain HUA-2T 829:841 strain HUA-2T 829:841 Therefore, strain HUA-2T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Dysgonomonas, for which we propose the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 26297040 2 7 attach isolated 237:244 arg1 consortium 283:292 an alginate-degrading microbial consortium 251:292 an alginate-degrading microbial consortium 251:292 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HUA-2T, was isolated from an alginate-degrading microbial consortium. 26297040 2 7 attach isolated 237:244 arg2 bacterium 196:204 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 108:204 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 108:204 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HUA-2T, was isolated from an alginate-degrading microbial consortium. 26297040 5 8 theme CCUG 762:765 arg1 17966T 767:772 D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T 740:772 D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T 740:772 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 9 theme cellular 690:697 arg1 different 716:724 different 716:724 different 716:724 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 9 theme cellular 690:697 arg1 acids 705:709 the major cellular fatty acids 680:709 the major cellular fatty acids 680:709 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 10 theme major 634:638 arg1 products 653:660 major fermentation products 634:660 major fermentation products from glucose 634:673 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 11 from those 731:735 arg1 different 716:724 different 716:724 different 716:724 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 11 from those 731:735 arg1 acids 705:709 the major cellular fatty acids 680:709 the major cellular fatty acids 680:709 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 12 theme fermentation 640:651 arg1 products 653:660 major fermentation products 634:660 major fermentation products from glucose 634:673 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 3 13 theme % 471:471 arg1 similarity 496:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 6 14 theme Dysgonomonas 897:908 arg1 species 876:882 a novel species 868:882 a novel species 868:882 Therefore, strain HUA-2T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Dysgonomonas, for which we propose the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 26297040 3 15 theme Strain 295:300 arg1 HUA-2T 302:307 Strain HUA-2T 295:307 Strain HUA-2T 295:307 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 8 16 theme  = DSM 1005:1010 arg1 HUA-2T 997:1002 HUA-2T 997:1002 HUA-2T ( = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T) 997:1031 The type strain is HUA-2T ( = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T). 26297040 8 16 theme  = DSM 1005:1010 arg1 8134T 1026:1030  = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T 1005:1030  = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T 1005:1030 The type strain is HUA-2T ( = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T). 26297040 4 17 theme strain 564:569 arg1 HUA-2T 571:576 strain HUA-2T 564:576 strain HUA-2T 564:576 The optimal growth temperature and pH for strain HUA-2T were 35 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. 26297040 3 18 theme 16S 473:475 arg1 similarity 496:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 0 19 theme alginatilytica 13:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp 0:29 Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 0:30 Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 26297040 6 20 theme genus 891:895 arg1 Dysgonomonas 897:908 the genus Dysgonomonas 887:908 the genus Dysgonomonas 887:908 Therefore, strain HUA-2T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Dysgonomonas, for which we propose the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 26297040 1 21 theme microbial 86:94 arg1 consortium 96:105 a microbial consortium 84:105 a microbial consortium 84:105 nov., an alginate-degrading bacterium isolated from a microbial consortium. 26297040 0 22 theme Dysgonomonas 0:11 arg1 sp 28:29 Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp 0:29 Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 0:30 Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 26297040 5 23 from glucose 667:673 arg1 products 653:660 major fermentation products 634:660 major fermentation products from glucose 634:673 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 23 from glucose 667:673 arg1 different 716:724 different 716:724 different 716:724 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 23 from glucose 667:673 arg1 acids 705:709 the major cellular fatty acids 680:709 the major cellular fatty acids 680:709 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 23 from glucose 667:673 arg1 production 622:631 Enzyme production 615:631 Enzyme production 615:631 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 6 24 theme name 936:939 arg1 sp 969:970 the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp 932:970 the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp 932:970 Therefore, strain HUA-2T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Dysgonomonas, for which we propose the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 26297040 5 25 theme capnocytophagoides 743:760 arg1 17966T 767:772 D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T 740:772 D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T 740:772 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 3 26 theme 92.1  466:470 arg1 % 471:471 % 471:471 % 471:471 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 3 27 theme CCUG 430:433 arg1 43457T 435:440 Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T 410:440 Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T 410:440 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 5 28 theme Enzyme 615:620 arg1 production 622:631 Enzyme production 615:631 Enzyme production 615:631 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 3 29 theme sequence 487:494 arg1 similarity 496:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 3 30 dep Dysgonomonas 368:379 arg1 macrotermitis 381:393 macrotermitis 381:393 macrotermitis 381:393 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 5 31 theme genus 798:802 arg1 Dysgonomonas 804:815 the genus Dysgonomonas 794:815 the genus Dysgonomonas 794:815 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 3 32 with related 313:319 arg1 % 460:460 94.1 % 455:460 94.1 % 455:460 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 3 32 with related 313:319 arg1 % 452:452 95.1 % 447:452 95.1 % 447:452 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 3 32 with related 313:319 arg1 similarity 496:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 2 33 theme alginate-degrading 254:271 arg1 consortium 283:292 an alginate-degrading microbial consortium 251:292 an alginate-degrading microbial consortium 251:292 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HUA-2T, was isolated from an alginate-degrading microbial consortium. 26297040 3 34 theme rRNA 477:480 arg1 similarity 496:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 5 35 theme Dysgonomonas 804:815 arg1 17966T 767:772 D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T 740:772 D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T 740:772 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 5 35 theme Dysgonomonas 804:815 arg1 members 783:789 other members 777:789 other members of the genus Dysgonomonas 777:815 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 2 36 theme Gram-stain-negative 108:126 arg1 bacterium 196:204 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 108:204 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 108:204 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HUA-2T, was isolated from an alginate-degrading microbial consortium. 26297040 5 37 theme D. 740:741 arg1 17966T 767:772 D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T 740:772 D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T 740:772 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 8 38 theme 100214T = HUT 1012:1024 arg1 HUA-2T 997:1002 HUA-2T 997:1002 HUA-2T ( = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T) 997:1031 The type strain is HUA-2T ( = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T). 26297040 8 38 theme 100214T = HUT 1012:1024 arg1 8134T 1026:1030  = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T 1005:1030  = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T 1005:1030 The type strain is HUA-2T ( = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T). 26297040 3 39 theme gene 482:485 arg1 similarity 496:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:505 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 3 40 dep Dysgonomonas 324:335 arg1 capnocytophagoides 337:354 capnocytophagoides 337:354 capnocytophagoides 337:354 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 3 41 theme JCM 356:358 arg1 16697T 360:365 Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T 324:365 Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T 324:365 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 6 42 theme novel 870:874 arg1 species 876:882 a novel species 868:882 a novel species 868:882 Therefore, strain HUA-2T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Dysgonomonas, for which we propose the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 26297040 3 43 dep Dysgonomonas 410:421 arg1 mossii 423:428 mossii 423:428 mossii 423:428 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 6 44 theme Dysgonomonas 941:952 arg1 sp 969:970 the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp 932:970 the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp 932:970 Therefore, strain HUA-2T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Dysgonomonas, for which we propose the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 26297040 1 45 theme alginate-degrading 41:58 arg1 bacterium 60:68 an alginate-degrading bacterium 38:68 an alginate-degrading bacterium 38:68 nov., an alginate-degrading bacterium isolated from a microbial consortium. 26297040 1 45 theme alginate-degrading 41:58 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., an alginate-degrading bacterium isolated from a microbial consortium. 26297040 3 46 theme Dysgonomonas 324:335 arg1 16697T 360:365 Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T 324:365 Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T 324:365 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 8 47 theme type 982:985 arg1 HUA-2T 997:1002 HUA-2T 997:1002 HUA-2T ( = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T) 997:1031 The type strain is HUA-2T ( = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T). 26297040 8 47 theme type 982:985 arg1 strain 987:992 The type strain 978:992 The type strain 978:992 The type strain is HUA-2T ( = DSM 100214T = HUT 8134T). 26297040 5 48 theme other 777:781 arg1 members 783:789 other members 777:789 other members of the genus Dysgonomonas 777:815 Enzyme production, major fermentation products from glucose, and the major cellular fatty acids were different from those of D. capnocytophagoides CCUG 17966T or other members of the genus Dysgonomonas. 26297040 2 49 theme strain 218:223 arg1 HUA-2T 225:230 strain HUA-2T 218:230 strain HUA-2T 218:230 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HUA-2T, was isolated from an alginate-degrading microbial consortium. 26297040 3 50 theme JCM 395:397 arg1 19375T 399:404 Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T 368:404 Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T 368:404 Strain HUA-2T was related to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides JCM 16697T, Dysgonomonas macrotermitis JCM 19375T and Dysgonomonas mossii CCUG 43457T with 95.1 %, 94.1 % and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26297040 4 51 theme growth 534:539 arg1 35 °C 583:587 35 °C 583:587 35 °C 583:587 The optimal growth temperature and pH for strain HUA-2T were 35 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. 26297040 4 51 theme growth 534:539 arg1 temperature 541:551 The optimal growth temperature 522:551 The optimal growth temperature 522:551 The optimal growth temperature and pH for strain HUA-2T were 35 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. 26297040 2 52 theme microbial 273:281 arg1 consortium 283:292 an alginate-degrading microbial consortium 251:292 an alginate-degrading microbial consortium 251:292 Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HUA-2T, was isolated from an alginate-degrading microbial consortium. 26297040 6 53 theme alginatilytica 954:967 arg1 sp 969:970 the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp 932:970 the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp 932:970 Therefore, strain HUA-2T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Dysgonomonas, for which we propose the name Dysgonomonas alginatilytica sp. 25158847 2 0 dep Gram-positive 64:76 arg1 rod-shaped 94:103 rod-shaped 94:103 rod-shaped 94:103 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated XJ46(T), was isolated from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. 25158847 2 0 dep Gram-positive 64:76 arg1 spore-forming 79:91 spore-forming 79:91 spore-forming 79:91 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated XJ46(T), was isolated from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. 25158847 7 1 dep XJ46 777:780 arg1 T 815:815 T 815:815 T 815:815 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 7 1 dep XJ46 777:780 arg1 19736 809:813  =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736 786:813  =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T) 786:816 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 7 2 theme type 762:765 arg1 XJ46 777:780 XJ46 777:780 XJ46 777:780 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 7 2 theme type 762:765 arg1 strain 767:772 The type strain 758:772 The type strain 758:772 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 5 3 theme chemotaxonomic 575:588 arg1 analysis 590:597 chemotaxonomic analysis 575:597 chemotaxonomic analysis 575:597 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 1 4 theme desert 42:47 arg1 environment 49:59 a desert environment 40:59 a desert environment 40:59 nov., from a desert environment. 25158847 4 5 theme gene 427:430 arg1 sequences 432:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that XJ46(T) shared the highest similarity (95.9%) with Prauserella marina MS498(T). 25158847 7 6 theme  =JCM 803:807 arg1 T 815:815 T 815:815 T 815:815 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 7 6 theme  =JCM 803:807 arg1 19736 809:813  =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736 786:813  =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T) 786:816 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 5 7 theme novel 678:682 arg1 species 684:690 a novel species 676:690 a novel species 676:690 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 5 8 theme genus 699:703 arg1 Prauserella 705:715 the genus Prauserella 695:715 the genus Prauserella 695:715 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 0 9 theme shujinwangii 12:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Prauserella shujinwangii sp 0:26 Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 0:27 Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 7 10 theme T 801:801 arg1 T 815:815 T 815:815 T 815:815 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 7 10 theme T 801:801 arg1 19736 809:813  =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736 786:813  =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T) 786:816 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 3 11 theme XJ46 300:303 arg1 characteristics 281:295 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 248:295 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of XJ46(T) 248:306 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of XJ46(T) were identified as being similar to those of members of the genus Prauserella. 25158847 0 12 theme Prauserella 0:10 arg1 sp 25:26 Prauserella shujinwangii sp 0:26 Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 0:27 Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 5 13 theme phenotypic 547:556 arg1 characteristics 558:572 its phenotypic characteristics 543:572 its phenotypic characteristics 543:572 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 7 14 theme  =CGMCC 786:792 arg1 T 815:815 T 815:815 T 815:815 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 7 14 theme  =CGMCC 786:792 arg1 19736 809:813  =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736 786:813  =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T) 786:816 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 5 15 theme Prauserella 705:715 arg1 species 684:690 a novel species 676:690 a novel species 676:690 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 3 16 theme Morphological 248:260 arg1 characteristics 281:295 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 248:295 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of XJ46(T) 248:306 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of XJ46(T) were identified as being similar to those of members of the genus Prauserella. 25158847 7 17 theme 4.7125 794:799 arg1 T 815:815 T 815:815 T 815:815 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 7 17 theme 4.7125 794:799 arg1 19736 809:813  =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736 786:813  =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T) 786:816 The type strain is XJ46(T) ( =CGMCC 4.7125(T) =JCM 19736(T)). 25158847 2 18 attach isolated 143:150 arg1 China 192:196 China 192:196 China 192:196 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated XJ46(T), was isolated from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. 25158847 2 18 attach isolated 143:150 arg2 actinomycete 105:116 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete 62:116 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete 62:116 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated XJ46(T), was isolated from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. 25158847 3 19 theme genus 368:372 arg1 Prauserella 374:384 the genus Prauserella 364:384 the genus Prauserella 364:384 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of XJ46(T) were identified as being similar to those of members of the genus Prauserella. 25158847 1 20 dep nov. 29:32 arg1 environment 49:59 a desert environment 40:59 a desert environment 40:59 nov., from a desert environment. 25158847 3 21 theme Prauserella 374:384 arg1 members 353:359 members 353:359 members of the genus Prauserella 353:384 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of XJ46(T) were identified as being similar to those of members of the genus Prauserella. 25158847 5 22 theme strain 636:641 arg1 T 648:648 T 648:648 T 648:648 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 5 22 theme strain 636:641 arg1 XJ46 643:646 strain XJ46 636:646 strain XJ46(T) 636:649 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 4 23 theme rRNA 422:425 arg1 sequences 432:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that XJ46(T) shared the highest similarity (95.9%) with Prauserella marina MS498(T). 25158847 4 24 theme highest 473:479 arg1 similarity 481:490 the highest similarity 469:490 the highest similarity (95.9%) 469:498 The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that XJ46(T) shared the highest similarity (95.9%) with Prauserella marina MS498(T). 25158847 4 24 theme highest 473:479 arg1 % 497:497 95.9% 493:497 95.9% 493:497 The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that XJ46(T) shared the highest similarity (95.9%) with Prauserella marina MS498(T). 25158847 4 25 theme 16S 418:420 arg1 sequences 432:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that XJ46(T) shared the highest similarity (95.9%) with Prauserella marina MS498(T). 25158847 5 26 theme rRNA 607:610 arg1 analysis 626:633 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 603:633 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 603:633 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 5 27 theme 16S 603:605 arg1 analysis 626:633 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 603:633 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 603:633 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 2 28 theme Gram-positive 64:76 arg1 actinomycete 105:116 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete 62:116 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete 62:116 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated XJ46(T), was isolated from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. 25158847 3 29 theme chemotaxonomic 266:279 arg1 characteristics 281:295 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 248:295 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of XJ46(T) 248:306 Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of XJ46(T) were identified as being similar to those of members of the genus Prauserella. 25158847 2 30 theme taxonomic 228:236 arg1 analysis 238:245 a polyphasic taxonomic analysis 215:245 a polyphasic taxonomic analysis 215:245 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated XJ46(T), was isolated from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. 25158847 5 31 theme gene 612:615 arg1 analysis 626:633 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 603:633 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 603:633 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25158847 2 32 theme polyphasic 217:226 arg1 analysis 238:245 a polyphasic taxonomic analysis 215:245 a polyphasic taxonomic analysis 215:245 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated XJ46(T), was isolated from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. 25158847 4 33 theme phylogenetic 391:402 arg1 tree 404:407 The phylogenetic tree 387:407 The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 387:440 The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that XJ46(T) shared the highest similarity (95.9%) with Prauserella marina MS498(T). 25158847 5 34 theme sequence 617:624 arg1 analysis 626:633 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 603:633 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 603:633 Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XJ46(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella, named Prauserella shujinwangii sp. 25582590 13 0 theme CS 2528:2529 arg1 inclusion 2515:2523 increased inclusion 2505:2523 increased inclusion of CS 2505:2529 No differences were found in short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations, with the exception of C4:0 which increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 3 1 theme dry 642:644 arg1 DM 654:655 DM 654:655 DM 654:655 Four dietary treatments were used, all having a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 80:20 based on dry matter (DM). 25582590 3 1 theme dry 642:644 arg1 matter 646:651 dry matter 642:651 dry matter (DM) 642:656 Four dietary treatments were used, all having a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 80:20 based on dry matter (DM). 25582590 3 2 theme 80:20 627:631 arg1 ratio 618:622 a roughage-to-concentrate ratio 592:622 a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 80:20 based on dry matter (DM) 592:656 Four dietary treatments were used, all having a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 80:20 based on dry matter (DM). 25582590 0 3 theme silage-based 164:175 arg1 diets 177:181 grass silage- or corn silage-based diets 142:181 grass silage- or corn silage-based diets 142:181 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 1 4 theme fatty 365:369 arg1 concentrations 376:389 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 350:389 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 350:389 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 2 5 theme Holstein-Friesian 522:538 arg1 cows 540:543 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 497:543 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 497:543 A completely randomized block design experiment was conducted with 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. 25582590 9 6 theme fat- 1627:1630 arg1 kilogram 1615:1622 kilogram 1615:1622 kilogram of fat- 1615:1630 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 14 7 theme forage-based 2565:2576 arg1 diet 2578:2581 a common forage-based diet 2556:2581 a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle 2556:2598 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 9 8 theme gross 1680:1684 arg1 intake 1693:1698 gross energy intake 1680:1698 gross energy intake 1680:1698 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 1 9 theme grass 254:258 arg1 GS 268:269 GS 268:269 GS 268:269 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 1 9 theme grass 254:258 arg1 silage 260:265 grass silage 254:265 grass silage (GS) 254:270 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 9 10 theme protein-corrected 1636:1652 arg1 milk 1654:1657 protein-corrected milk 1636:1657 protein-corrected milk 1636:1657 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 10 11 with comparison 1839:1848 arg1 GS 1860:1861 100% GS 1855:1861 100% GS 1855:1861 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 6 12 theme protein 1193:1199 arg1 intake 1201:1206 neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake 1159:1206 intake 1201:1206 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 14 13 theme critical 2727:2734 arg1 level 2736:2740 a critical level 2725:2740 a critical level of starch in the diet 2725:2762 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 10 14 theme DM 1949:1950 arg1 intake 1952:1957 DM intake 1949:1957 DM intake 1949:1957 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 13 15 theme medium-straight 2401:2415 arg1 concentrations 2432:2445 short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations 2390:2445 concentrations 2432:2445 No differences were found in short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations, with the exception of C4:0 which increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 12 16 theme C17:0 2289:2293 arg1 concentration 2254:2266 the concentration 2250:2266 the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 2250:2307 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 6 17 theme CH4 995:997 arg1 production 999:1008 CH4 production 995:1008 CH4 production 995:1008 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 1 18 theme fatty 401:405 arg1 composition 417:427 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 396:427 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 396:427 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 6 19 theme 5-d 1033:1035 arg1 period 1037:1042 a 5-d period 1031:1042 a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers 1031:1074 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 4 20 theme CS 747:748 arg1 basis 758:762 all DM basis 751:762 all DM basis 751:762 The roughage consisted of either 100% GS, 67% GS and 33% CS, 33% GS and 67% CS, or 100% CS (all DM basis). 25582590 4 20 theme CS 747:748 arg1 % 745:745 100% CS 742:748 100% CS (all DM basis) 742:763 The roughage consisted of either 100% GS, 67% GS and 33% CS, 33% GS and 67% CS, or 100% CS (all DM basis). 25582590 10 21 theme 100 1855:1857 arg1 % 1858:1858 % 1858:1858 % 1858:1858 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 0 22 theme lactating 105:113 arg1 cows 133:136 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 105:136 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 105:136 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 1 23 theme methane 324:330 arg1 production 338:347 enteric methane (CH4) production 316:347 enteric methane (CH4) production 316:347 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 2 24 theme design 460:465 arg1 experiment 467:476 A completely randomized block design experiment 430:476 A completely randomized block design experiment 430:476 A completely randomized block design experiment was conducted with 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. 25582590 12 25 theme C18:1 2127:2131 arg1 cis-12 2133:2138 trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA 2111:2153 cis-12 2133:2138 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 1 26 theme CH4 333:335 arg1 production 338:347 enteric methane (CH4) production 316:347 enteric methane (CH4) production 316:347 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 14 27 theme effective 2610:2618 arg1 strategy 2620:2627 an effective strategy 2607:2627 an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance 2607:2713 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 8 28 theme molar 1501:1505 arg1 proportion 1507:1516 the molar proportion 1497:1516 the molar proportion of butyrate 1497:1528 Rumen variables were unaffected by increasing CS inclusion, except the molar proportion of butyrate, which increased linearly. 25582590 1 29 theme study 206:210 arg1 objective 188:196 The objective 184:196 The objective of this study 184:210 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 2 30 theme multiparous 500:510 arg1 cows 540:543 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 497:543 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 497:543 A completely randomized block design experiment was conducted with 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. 25582590 0 31 from concentrations 54:67 arg1 cows 133:136 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 105:136 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 105:136 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 6 32 theme climate 1047:1053 arg1 chambers 1067:1074 climate respiration chambers 1047:1074 climate respiration chambers 1047:1074 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 6 33 theme respiration 1055:1065 arg1 chambers 1067:1074 climate respiration chambers 1047:1074 climate respiration chambers 1047:1074 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 12 34 dep iso 2184:2186 arg1 C16:0 2188:2192 C16:0 2188:2192 C16:0 2188:2192 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 12 34 dep iso 2184:2186 arg1 C18:2n-6 2213:2220 C18:2n-6 2213:2220 C18:2n-6 2213:2220 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 12 34 dep iso 2184:2186 arg1 C18:1 2195:2199 C18:1 2195:2199 C18:1 2195:2199 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 12 35 theme C18:3n-3 2300:2307 arg1 concentration 2254:2266 the concentration 2250:2266 the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 2250:2307 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 0 36 from composition 90:100 arg1 cows 133:136 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 105:136 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 105:136 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 9 37 theme intake 1693:1698 arg1 percent 1669:1675 a percent 1667:1675 a percent of gross energy intake 1667:1698 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 11 38 theme CS 2086:2087 arg1 inclusion 2073:2081 increased inclusion 2063:2081 increased inclusion of CS 2063:2087 Nitrogen efficiency increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 1 39 theme rumen 350:354 arg1 concentrations 376:389 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 350:389 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 350:389 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 14 40 theme starch 2745:2750 arg1 level 2736:2740 a critical level 2725:2740 a critical level of starch in the diet 2725:2762 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 3 41 theme dietary 551:557 arg1 treatments 559:568 Four dietary treatments 546:568 Four dietary treatments 546:568 Four dietary treatments were used, all having a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 80:20 based on dry matter (DM). 25582590 10 42 dep reduced 1893:1899 arg1 % 1891:1891 11 and 8% 1883:1891 11 and 8% 1883:1891 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 0 43 from production 16:25 arg1 cows 133:136 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 105:136 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 105:136 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 9 44 dep production 1565:1574 arg1 expressed 1577:1585 expressed 1577:1585 expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake 1577:1698 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 2 45 theme randomized 443:452 arg1 design 460:465 A completely randomized block design 430:465 A completely randomized block design experiment 430:476 A completely randomized block design experiment was conducted with 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. 25582590 9 46 theme CS 1741:1742 arg1 inclusion 1744:1752 CS inclusion 1741:1752 CS inclusion 1741:1752 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 0 47 theme fatty 79:83 arg1 composition 90:100 milk fatty acid composition 74:100 milk fatty acid composition 74:100 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 1 48 theme cow 303:305 arg1 diets 307:311 dairy cow diets 297:311 dairy cow diets 297:311 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 13 49 located found 2381:2385 arg2 differences 2364:2374 No differences 2361:2374 No differences 2361:2374 No differences were found in short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations, with the exception of C4:0 which increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 13 49 located found 2381:2385 arg1 concentrations 2432:2445 short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations 2390:2445 concentrations 2432:2445 No differences were found in short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations, with the exception of C4:0 which increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 11 50 theme Nitrogen 2019:2026 arg1 efficiency 2028:2037 Nitrogen efficiency 2019:2037 Nitrogen efficiency 2019:2037 Nitrogen efficiency increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 4 51 theme % 695:695 arg1 GS 697:698 either 100% GS 685:698 either 100% GS 685:698 The roughage consisted of either 100% GS, 67% GS and 33% CS, 33% GS and 67% CS, or 100% CS (all DM basis). 25582590 7 52 dep content 1275:1281 arg1 kg/d 1300:1303 23.4 kg/d and 4.68% 1295:1313 kg/d 1300:1303 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 7 52 dep content 1275:1281 arg1 % 1313:1313 23.4 kg/d and 4.68% 1295:1313 % 1313:1313 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 10 53 theme CS 1914:1915 arg1 diet 1917:1920 the 100% CS diet 1905:1920 the 100% CS diet 1905:1920 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 0 54 theme Enteric 0:6 arg1 production 16:25 Enteric methane production 0:25 Enteric methane production 0:25 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 6 55 dep proportion 1129:1138 arg1 increased 1221:1229 increased 1221:1229 linearly increased starch intake 1212:1243 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 6 55 dep proportion 1129:1138 arg1 decreased 1149:1157 decreased 1149:1157 linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake 1140:1206 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 10 56 theme intake 1952:1957 arg1 unit 1941:1944 unit 1941:1944 unit of DM intake 1941:1957 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 9 57 theme Methane 1557:1563 arg1 production 1565:1574 Methane production 1557:1574 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) 1557:1699 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 3 58 used used 575:578 arg2 treatments 559:568 Four dietary treatments 546:568 Four dietary treatments 546:568 Four dietary treatments were used, all having a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 80:20 based on dry matter (DM). 25582590 10 59 theme 100 1909:1911 arg1 % 1912:1912 % 1912:1912 % 1912:1912 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 14 60 with GS 2542:2543 arg1 CS 2550:2551 CS 2550:2551 CS 2550:2551 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 7 61 theme milk 1384:1387 arg1 content 1397:1403 milk protein content 1384:1403 milk protein content 1384:1403 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 12 62 theme trans 2111:2115 arg1 cis-12 2133:2138 trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA 2111:2153 cis-12 2133:2138 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 0 63 theme rumen 28:32 arg1 concentrations 54:67 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 28:67 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 28:67 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 6 64 theme detergent 1167:1175 arg1 fiber 1177:1181 neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake 1159:1206 fiber 1177:1181 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 5 65 theme libitum 804:810 arg1 intake 815:820 ad libitum DM intake 801:820 ad libitum DM intake 801:820 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 1 66 theme FA 413:414 arg1 composition 417:427 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 396:427 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 396:427 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 0 67 theme fatty 43:47 arg1 concentrations 54:67 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 28:67 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 28:67 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 7 68 theme fat 1271:1273 arg1 content 1275:1281 milk fat content 1266:1281 milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) 1266:1328 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 5 69 theme intake 815:820 arg1 % 796:796 95% 794:796 95% of ad libitum DM intake 794:820 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 5 69 theme intake 815:820 arg1 intake 815:820 ad libitum DM intake 801:820 ad libitum DM intake 801:820 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 6 70 theme Nutrient 884:891 arg1 intake 893:898 Nutrient intake 884:898 Nutrient intake 884:898 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 3 71 theme roughage-to-concentrate 594:616 arg1 ratio 618:622 a roughage-to-concentrate ratio 592:622 a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 80:20 based on dry matter (DM) 592:656 Four dietary treatments were used, all having a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 80:20 based on dry matter (DM). 25582590 6 72 from period 1037:1042 arg1 chambers 1067:1074 climate respiration chambers 1047:1074 climate respiration chambers 1047:1074 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 6 73 theme neutral 1159:1165 arg1 fiber 1177:1181 neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake 1159:1206 fiber 1177:1181 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 7 74 theme Milk 1246:1249 arg1 production 1251:1260 Milk production 1246:1260 Milk production 1246:1260 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 1 75 theme volatile 356:363 arg1 concentrations 376:389 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 350:389 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 350:389 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 6 76 theme CS 1126:1127 arg1 proportion 1129:1138 CS proportion 1126:1138 CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake 1126:1243 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 1 77 from silage 282:287 arg1 diets 307:311 dairy cow diets 297:311 dairy cow diets 297:311 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 9 78 theme intake 1828:1833 arg1 kilogram 1813:1820 kilogram 1813:1820 kilogram of DM intake 1813:1833 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 14 79 theme common 2558:2563 arg1 diet 2578:2581 a common forage-based diet 2556:2581 a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle 2556:2598 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 1 80 theme acid 371:374 arg1 concentrations 376:389 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 350:389 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 350:389 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 8 81 theme Rumen 1430:1434 arg1 variables 1436:1444 Rumen variables 1430:1444 Rumen variables 1430:1444 Rumen variables were unaffected by increasing CS inclusion, except the molar proportion of butyrate, which increased linearly. 25582590 2 82 theme lactating 512:520 arg1 cows 540:543 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 497:543 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 497:543 A completely randomized block design experiment was conducted with 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. 25582590 12 83 theme total 2145:2149 arg1 CLA 2151:2153 trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA 2111:2153 CLA 2151:2153 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 4 84 dep % 703:703 arg1 GS 705:706 GS 705:706 67% GS 701:706 The roughage consisted of either 100% GS, 67% GS and 33% CS, 33% GS and 67% CS, or 100% CS (all DM basis). 25582590 13 85 theme increased 2505:2513 arg1 inclusion 2515:2523 increased inclusion 2505:2523 increased inclusion of CS 2505:2529 No differences were found in short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations, with the exception of C4:0 which increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 4 86 theme CS 716:717 arg1 % 714:714 33% CS 712:717 33% CS 712:717 The roughage consisted of either 100% GS, 67% GS and 33% CS, 33% GS and 67% CS, or 100% CS (all DM basis). 25582590 12 87 theme CLA 2151:2153 arg1 concentration 2094:2106 The concentration 2090:2106 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA 2090:2153 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 1 88 theme milk 396:399 arg1 composition 417:427 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 396:427 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 396:427 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 7 89 from % 1313:1313 arg1 average 1287:1293 average 1287:1293 average 1287:1293 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 12 90 theme CS 2357:2358 arg1 inclusion 2344:2352 inclusion 2344:2352 inclusion of CS 2344:2358 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 6 91 theme milk 925:928 arg1 production 930:939 milk production 925:939 milk production 925:939 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 10 92 theme CH4 1864:1866 arg1 production 1868:1877 CH4 production 1864:1877 CH4 production 1864:1877 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 0 93 theme Holstein-Friesian 115:131 arg1 cows 133:136 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 105:136 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows 105:136 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 1 94 theme acid 407:410 arg1 composition 417:427 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 396:427 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 396:427 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 8 95 theme CS 1476:1477 arg1 inclusion 1479:1487 CS inclusion 1476:1487 CS inclusion 1476:1487 Rumen variables were unaffected by increasing CS inclusion, except the molar proportion of butyrate, which increased linearly. 25582590 7 96 theme CS 1362:1363 arg1 inclusion 1365:1373 CS inclusion 1362:1373 CS inclusion 1362:1373 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 12 97 theme cis-12 2133:2138 arg1 concentration 2094:2106 The concentration 2090:2106 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA 2090:2153 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 10 98 theme % 1858:1858 arg1 GS 1860:1861 100% GS 1855:1861 100% GS 1855:1861 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 1 99 from effects 233:239 arg1 concentrations 376:389 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 350:389 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 350:389 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 1 99 from effects 233:239 arg1 composition 417:427 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 396:427 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 396:427 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 1 99 from effects 233:239 arg1 production 338:347 enteric methane (CH4) production 316:347 enteric methane (CH4) production 316:347 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 14 100 theme cow 2699:2701 arg1 performance 2703:2713 dairy cow performance 2693:2713 dairy cow performance 2693:2713 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 2 101 theme block 454:458 arg1 design 460:465 A completely randomized block design 430:465 A completely randomized block design experiment 430:476 A completely randomized block design experiment was conducted with 32 multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. 25582590 12 102 theme iso 2278:2280 arg1 C15:0 2282:2286 iso C15:0 2278:2286 iso C15:0 2278:2286 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 0 103 theme silage- 148:154 arg1 diets 177:181 grass silage- or corn silage-based diets 142:181 grass silage- or corn silage-based diets 142:181 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 5 104 theme intake 858:863 arg1 effects 844:850 confounding effects 832:850 confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production 832:881 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 13 105 theme C4:0 2470:2473 arg1 exception 2457:2465 the exception 2453:2465 the exception of C4:0 which increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS 2453:2529 No differences were found in short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations, with the exception of C4:0 which increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 4 106 theme CS 735:736 arg1 % 733:733 67% CS 731:736 67% CS 731:736 The roughage consisted of either 100% GS, 67% GS and 33% CS, 33% GS and 67% CS, or 100% CS (all DM basis). 25582590 6 107 theme energy 975:980 arg1 balance 982:988 energy balance 975:988 energy balance 975:988 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 9 108 theme energy 1686:1691 arg1 intake 1693:1698 gross energy intake 1680:1698 gross energy intake 1680:1698 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 5 109 dep restricted 782:791 arg1 % 796:796 95% 794:796 95% of ad libitum DM intake 794:820 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 5 109 dep restricted 782:791 arg1 intake 815:820 ad libitum DM intake 801:820 ad libitum DM intake 801:820 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 0 110 theme corn 159:162 arg1 diets 177:181 grass silage- or corn silage-based diets 142:181 grass silage- or corn silage-based diets 142:181 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 13 111 theme even-chain 2418:2427 arg1 concentrations 2432:2445 short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations 2390:2445 concentrations 2432:2445 No differences were found in short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations, with the exception of C4:0 which increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 10 112 theme protein-corrected 1981:1997 arg1 milk 1999:2002 protein-corrected milk 1981:2002 protein-corrected milk 1981:2002 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 14 113 theme dairy 2693:2697 arg1 performance 2703:2713 dairy cow performance 2693:2713 dairy cow performance 2693:2713 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 5 114 theme confounding 832:842 arg1 effects 844:850 confounding effects 832:850 confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production 832:881 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 8 115 theme butyrate 1521:1528 arg1 proportion 1507:1516 the molar proportion 1497:1516 the molar proportion of butyrate 1497:1528 Rumen variables were unaffected by increasing CS inclusion, except the molar proportion of butyrate, which increased linearly. 25582590 12 116 theme C15:0 2271:2275 arg1 concentration 2254:2266 the concentration 2250:2266 the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 2250:2307 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 14 117 theme CH4 2649:2651 arg1 production 2653:2662 enteric CH4 production 2641:2662 enteric CH4 production 2641:2662 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 0 118 theme milk 74:77 arg1 composition 90:100 milk fatty acid composition 74:100 milk fatty acid composition 74:100 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 14 119 theme dairy 2587:2591 arg1 cattle 2593:2598 dairy cattle 2587:2598 dairy cattle 2587:2598 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 0 120 theme acid 85:88 arg1 composition 90:100 milk fatty acid composition 74:100 milk fatty acid composition 74:100 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 1 121 theme dairy 297:301 arg1 diets 307:311 dairy cow diets 297:311 dairy cow diets 297:311 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 13 122 theme FA 2429:2430 arg1 concentrations 2432:2445 short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations 2390:2445 concentrations 2432:2445 No differences were found in short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations, with the exception of C4:0 which increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 5 123 theme Feed 766:769 arg1 intake 771:776 Feed intake 766:776 Feed intake 766:776 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 4 124 theme DM 755:756 arg1 basis 758:762 all DM basis 751:762 all DM basis 751:762 The roughage consisted of either 100% GS, 67% GS and 33% CS, 33% GS and 67% CS, or 100% CS (all DM basis). 25582590 4 124 theme DM 755:756 arg1 % 745:745 100% CS 742:748 100% CS (all DM basis) 742:763 The roughage consisted of either 100% GS, 67% GS and 33% CS, 33% GS and 67% CS, or 100% CS (all DM basis). 25582590 5 125 from effects 844:850 arg1 production 872:881 CH4 production 868:881 CH4 production 868:881 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 5 126 theme CH4 868:870 arg1 production 872:881 CH4 production 868:881 CH4 production 868:881 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 14 127 from level 2736:2740 arg1 diet 2759:2762 the diet 2755:2762 the diet 2755:2762 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 8 128 dep increasing 1465:1474 arg1 increased 1537:1545 increased 1537:1545 increased linearly 1537:1554 Rumen variables were unaffected by increasing CS inclusion, except the molar proportion of butyrate, which increased linearly. 25582590 4 129 theme 100 692:694 arg1 % 695:695 % 695:695 % 695:695 The roughage consisted of either 100% GS, 67% GS and 33% CS, 33% GS and 67% CS, or 100% CS (all DM basis). 25582590 14 130 theme enteric 2641:2647 arg1 production 2653:2662 enteric CH4 production 2641:2662 enteric CH4 production 2641:2662 Replacing GS with CS in a common forage-based diet for dairy cattle offers an effective strategy to decrease enteric CH4 production without negatively affecting dairy cow performance, although a critical level of starch in the diet seems to be needed. 25582590 0 131 theme methane 8:14 arg1 production 16:25 Enteric methane production 0:25 Enteric methane production 0:25 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 1 132 theme enteric 316:322 arg1 production 338:347 enteric methane (CH4) production 316:347 enteric methane (CH4) production 316:347 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 13 133 theme short- 2390:2395 arg1 concentrations 2432:2445 short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations 2390:2445 concentrations 2432:2445 No differences were found in short- and medium-straight, even-chain FA concentrations, with the exception of C4:0 which increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 7 134 dep affected 1339:1346 arg1 whereas 1376:1382 whereas 1376:1382 whereas 1376:1382 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 10 135 theme unit 1967:1970 arg1 fat- 1972:1975 unit fat- 1967:1975 unit fat- 1967:1975 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 10 136 theme % 1912:1912 arg1 diet 1917:1920 the 100% CS diet 1905:1920 the 100% CS diet 1905:1920 In comparison with 100% GS, CH4 production was 11 and 8% reduced for the 100% CS diet when expressed per unit of DM intake and per unit fat- and protein-corrected milk, respectively. 25582590 6 137 theme crude 1187:1191 arg1 intake 1201:1206 neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake 1159:1206 intake 1201:1206 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 7 138 from kg/d 1300:1303 arg1 average 1287:1293 average 1287:1293 average 1287:1293 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 12 139 theme C15:0 2282:2286 arg1 concentration 2254:2266 the concentration 2250:2266 the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 2250:2307 The concentration of trans C18:1 FA, C18:1 cis-12, and total CLA increased quadratically, and iso C16:0, C18:1 cis-13, and C18:2n-6 increased linearly, whereas the concentration of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0, and C18:3n-3 decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of CS. 25582590 0 140 theme volatile 34:41 arg1 concentrations 54:67 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 28:67 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 28:67 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 5 141 theme ad 801:802 arg1 intake 815:820 ad libitum DM intake 801:820 ad libitum DM intake 801:820 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 7 142 theme protein 1389:1395 arg1 content 1397:1403 milk protein content 1384:1403 milk protein content 1384:1403 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 0 143 theme acid 49:52 arg1 concentrations 54:67 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 28:67 rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations 28:67 Enteric methane production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed grass silage- or corn silage-based diets. 25582590 1 144 theme corn 277:280 arg1 CS 290:291 CS 290:291 CS 290:291 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 1 144 theme corn 277:280 arg1 silage 282:287 corn silage 277:287 corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets 277:311 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing grass silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric methane (CH4) production, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition. 25582590 5 145 theme DM 812:813 arg1 intake 815:820 ad libitum DM intake 801:820 ad libitum DM intake 801:820 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 6 146 theme apparent 901:908 arg1 digestibility 910:922 apparent digestibility 901:922 apparent digestibility 901:922 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 25582590 9 147 theme CH4 1805:1807 arg1 grams 1796:1800 grams 1796:1800 grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake 1796:1833 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 5 148 theme DM 855:856 arg1 intake 858:863 DM intake 855:863 DM intake 855:863 Feed intake was restricted (95% of ad libitum DM intake) to avoid confounding effects of DM intake on CH4 production. 25582590 11 149 theme increased 2063:2071 arg1 inclusion 2073:2081 increased inclusion 2063:2081 increased inclusion of CS 2063:2087 Nitrogen efficiency increased linearly with increased inclusion of CS. 25582590 7 150 theme milk 1266:1269 arg1 content 1275:1281 milk fat content 1266:1281 milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) 1266:1328 Milk production and milk fat content (on average 23.4 kg/d and 4.68%, respectively) were not affected by increasing CS inclusion, whereas milk protein content increased quadratically. 25582590 9 151 theme DM 1825:1826 arg1 intake 1828:1833 DM intake 1825:1833 DM intake 1825:1833 Methane production (expressed as grams per day, grams per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, and as a percent of gross energy intake) decreased quadratically with increasing CS inclusion, and decreased linearly when expressed as grams of CH4 per kilogram of DM intake. 25582590 4 152 dep % 722:722 arg1 GS 724:725 GS 724:725 GS 724:725 The roughage consisted of either 100% GS, 67% GS and 33% CS, 33% GS and 67% CS, or 100% CS (all DM basis). 25582590 6 153 theme starch 1231:1236 arg1 intake 1238:1243 starch intake 1231:1243 starch intake 1231:1243 Nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen (N) and energy balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Increasing CS proportion linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber and crude protein intake and linearly increased starch intake. 26851579 4 0 dep transform 919:927 arg1 infrared 929:936 infrared 929:936 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 919:957 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 1 1 theme one-step 304:311 arg1 electrodeposion 313:327 one-step electrodeposion 304:327 one-step electrodeposion 304:327 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 1 2 theme Gold 175:178 arg1 AuNPs 195:199 AuNPs 195:199 AuNPs 195:199 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 1 2 theme Gold 175:178 arg1 nanoparticles 180:192 Gold nanoparticles 175:192 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film 175:232 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 2 3 theme good 481:484 arg1 groups 473:478 abundant amine groups 458:478 abundant amine groups 458:478 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 2 3 theme good 481:484 arg1 conductivity 486:497 good conductivity 481:497 good conductivity 481:497 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 7 4 theme ng 1392:1393 arg1 mL 1395:1396 1.6-16 ng mL 1385:1396 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) 1385:1400 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 7 4 theme ng 1392:1393 arg1 -1 1398:1399 -1 1398:1399 -1 1398:1399 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 5 5 theme mL 1117:1118 arg1 ranges 1095:1100 two linear ranges 1084:1100 two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1) 1084:1144 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 1 6 theme smaller 254:260 arg1 AuNPs 195:199 AuNPs 195:199 AuNPs 195:199 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 1 6 theme smaller 254:260 arg1 nanoparticles 180:192 Gold nanoparticles 175:192 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film 175:232 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 5 7 theme ng 1136:1137 arg1 -1 1142:1143 -1 1142:1143 -1 1142:1143 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 5 7 theme ng 1136:1137 arg1 mL 1139:1140 1 to 30 ng mL 1128:1140 1 to 30 ng mL(-1) 1128:1144 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 4 8 theme electron 810:817 arg1 SEM 831:833 SEM 831:833 SEM 831:833 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 4 8 theme electron 810:817 arg1 microscope 819:828 scanning electron microscope 801:828 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 801:834 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 5 9 theme amperometric 1037:1048 arg1 response 1050:1057 high sensitive amperometric response 1022:1057 high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration 1022:1079 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 5 10 theme label-free 988:997 arg1 immunosensor 999:1010 label-free immunosensor 988:1010 label-free immunosensor 988:1010 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 0 11 theme Au 113:114 arg1 microelectrode 116:129 Au microelectrode 113:129 Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize 113:172 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold nanoparticles biocompatible film on Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize. 26851579 1 12 theme Au 332:333 arg1 microelectrode 335:348 Au microelectrode 332:348 Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate 332:404 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 4 13 theme scanning 801:808 arg1 SEM 831:833 SEM 831:833 SEM 831:833 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 4 13 theme scanning 801:808 arg1 microscope 819:828 scanning electron microscope 801:828 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 801:834 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 0 14 from maize 168:172 arg1 determination 135:147 determination 135:147 determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize 135:172 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold nanoparticles biocompatible film on Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize. 26851579 4 15 theme electrochemical 862:876 arg1 EIS 902:904 EIS 902:904 EIS 902:904 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 4 15 theme electrochemical 862:876 arg1 spectroscopy 888:899 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 862:899 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) 862:905 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 5 16 theme ng 1180:1181 arg1 -1 1186:1187 -1 1186:1187 -1 1186:1187 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 5 16 theme ng 1180:1181 arg1 S/N=3 1191:1195 S/N=3 1191:1195 S/N=3 1191:1195 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 5 16 theme ng 1180:1181 arg1 mL 1183:1184 0.06 ng mL 1175:1184 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3) 1175:1196 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 2 17 theme abundant 458:465 arg1 stability 531:539 stability 531:539 stability 531:539 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 2 17 theme abundant 458:465 arg1 groups 473:478 abundant amine groups 458:478 abundant amine groups 458:478 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 2 17 theme abundant 458:465 arg1 conductivity 486:497 good conductivity 481:497 good conductivity 481:497 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 2 17 theme abundant 458:465 arg1 biocompatibility 510:525 excellent biocompatibility 500:525 excellent biocompatibility 500:525 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 4 18 theme cyclic 837:842 arg1 CV 857:858 CV 857:858 CV 857:858 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 4 18 theme cyclic 837:842 arg1 voltammetry 844:854 cyclic voltammetry 837:854 cyclic voltammetry (CV) 837:859 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 5 19 theme high 1022:1025 arg1 response 1050:1057 high sensitive amperometric response 1022:1057 high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration 1022:1079 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 3 20 with combination 574:584 arg1 antibody 626:633 immobilized antibody 614:633 immobilized antibody 614:633 The combination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with immobilized antibody introduces a barrier to electron transfer, resulting in current decreasement. 26851579 4 21 dep Fourier 911:917 arg1 transform 919:927 transform 919:927 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 919:957 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 2 22 theme excellent 500:508 arg1 groups 473:478 abundant amine groups 458:478 abundant amine groups 458:478 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 2 22 theme excellent 500:508 arg1 biocompatibility 510:525 excellent biocompatibility 500:525 excellent biocompatibility 500:525 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 3 23 theme aflatoxin 589:597 arg1 AFB1 603:606 AFB1 603:606 AFB1 603:606 The combination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with immobilized antibody introduces a barrier to electron transfer, resulting in current decreasement. 26851579 3 23 theme aflatoxin 589:597 arg1 B1 599:600 aflatoxin B1 589:600 aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) 589:607 The combination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with immobilized antibody introduces a barrier to electron transfer, resulting in current decreasement. 26851579 5 24 dep 1 1112:1112 arg1 to 1109:1110 to 1109:1110 to 1109:1110 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 7 25 theme 0.19 1406:1409 arg1 ng 1411:1412 ng 1411:1412 ng 1411:1412 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 0 26 theme Label-free 0:9 arg1 immunosensor 11:22 Label-free immunosensor 0:22 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold 0:75 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold nanoparticles biocompatible film on Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize. 26851579 5 27 dep 30 1133:1134 arg1 to 1130:1131 to 1130:1131 to 1130:1131 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 4 28 theme impedance 878:886 arg1 EIS 902:904 EIS 902:904 EIS 902:904 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 4 28 theme impedance 878:886 arg1 spectroscopy 888:899 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 862:899 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) 862:905 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 3 29 theme B1 599:600 arg1 combination 574:584 The combination 570:584 The combination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with immobilized antibody 570:633 The combination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with immobilized antibody introduces a barrier to electron transfer, resulting in current decreasement. 26851579 1 30 contain containing 362:371 arg2 trihydrate 395:404 chloride trihydrate 386:404 chloride trihydrate 386:404 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 1 30 contain containing 362:371 arg2 chitosan 373:380 chitosan 373:380 chitosan 373:380 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 1 30 contain containing 362:371 arg1 solution 353:360 solution 353:360 solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate 353:404 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 2 31 theme composite 436:444 arg1 film 446:449 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film 407:449 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film 407:449 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 4 32 theme microelectrodes 764:778 arg1 characterizations 734:750 characterizations 734:750 characterizations 734:750 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 4 32 theme microelectrodes 764:778 arg1 morphologies 717:728 morphologies 717:728 morphologies 717:728 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 0 33 theme aflatoxin 152:160 arg1 B1 162:163 aflatoxin B1 152:163 aflatoxin B1 in maize 152:172 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold nanoparticles biocompatible film on Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize. 26851579 5 34 theme linear 1088:1093 arg1 ranges 1095:1100 two linear ranges 1084:1100 two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1) 1084:1144 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 2 35 theme nano-structure 411:424 arg1 film 446:449 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film 407:449 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film 407:449 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 1 36 from microelectrode 335:348 arg1 solution 353:360 solution 353:360 solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate 353:404 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 8 37 theme simple 1439:1444 arg1 method 1446:1451 The simple method 1435:1451 The simple method 1435:1451 The simple method showed good fabrication controllability and reproducibility for immunosensor design. 26851579 5 38 theme proposed 964:971 arg1 non-enzyme 973:982 The proposed non-enzyme 960:982 The proposed non-enzyme 960:982 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 3 39 theme electron 659:666 arg1 transfer 668:675 electron transfer 659:675 electron transfer 659:675 The combination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with immobilized antibody introduces a barrier to electron transfer, resulting in current decreasement. 26851579 7 40 theme linear 1329:1334 arg1 range 1336:1340 linear range 1329:1340 linear range 1329:1340 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 1 41 theme chitosan 214:221 arg1 film 229:232 chitosan (CHI) film 214:232 chitosan (CHI) film 214:232 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 5 42 theme detection 1156:1164 arg1 limit 1166:1170 the detection limit 1152:1170 the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3) 1152:1196 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 6 43 theme samples 1254:1260 arg1 analysis 1236:1243 analysis 1236:1243 analysis of maize samples spiked with AFB1 1236:1277 The immunoassay was also applied for analysis of maize samples spiked with AFB1. 26851579 5 44 theme AFB1 1062:1065 arg1 concentration 1067:1079 AFB1 concentration 1062:1079 AFB1 concentration 1062:1079 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 1 45 theme embedded 202:209 arg1 AuNPs 195:199 AuNPs 195:199 AuNPs 195:199 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 1 45 theme embedded 202:209 arg1 nanoparticles 180:192 Gold nanoparticles 175:192 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film 175:232 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 0 46 theme one-step 33:40 arg1 electrodeposition 42:58 one-step electrodeposition 33:58 one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold 33:75 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold nanoparticles biocompatible film on Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize. 26851579 5 47 theme mL 1139:1140 arg1 ranges 1095:1100 two linear ranges 1084:1100 two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1) 1084:1144 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 0 48 theme B1 162:163 arg1 determination 135:147 determination 135:147 determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize 135:172 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold nanoparticles biocompatible film on Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize. 26851579 5 49 theme ng 1114:1115 arg1 -1 1120:1121 -1 1120:1121 -1 1120:1121 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 5 49 theme ng 1114:1115 arg1 mL 1117:1118 0.1 to 1 ng mL 1105:1118 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) 1105:1122 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 8 50 theme good 1460:1463 arg1 controllability 1477:1491 good fabrication controllability 1460:1491 good fabrication controllability 1460:1491 The simple method showed good fabrication controllability and reproducibility for immunosensor design. 26851579 0 51 theme chitosan-gold 63:75 arg1 electrodeposition 42:58 one-step electrodeposition 33:58 one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold 33:75 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold nanoparticles biocompatible film on Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize. 26851579 1 52 theme chloride 386:393 arg1 trihydrate 395:404 chloride trihydrate 386:404 chloride trihydrate 386:404 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 7 53 theme sample 1296:1301 arg1 procedure 1314:1322 the sample extraction procedure 1292:1322 the sample extraction procedure 1292:1322 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 7 54 dep range 1336:1340 arg1 the 1325:1327 the 1325:1327 the 1325:1327 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 2 55 theme antibody 545:552 arg1 immobilization 554:567 antibody immobilization 545:567 antibody immobilization 545:567 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 8 56 theme fabrication 1465:1475 arg1 controllability 1477:1491 good fabrication controllability 1460:1491 good fabrication controllability 1460:1491 The simple method showed good fabrication controllability and reproducibility for immunosensor design. 26851579 0 57 from determination 135:147 arg1 maize 168:172 maize 168:172 maize 168:172 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold nanoparticles biocompatible film on Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize. 26851579 7 58 theme extraction 1303:1312 arg1 procedure 1314:1322 the sample extraction procedure 1292:1322 the sample extraction procedure 1292:1322 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 7 59 theme detection 1355:1363 arg1 range 1336:1340 linear range 1329:1340 linear range 1329:1340 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 7 59 theme detection 1355:1363 arg1 limit 1346:1350 limit 1346:1350 limit 1346:1350 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 8 60 theme immunosensor 1517:1528 arg1 design 1530:1535 immunosensor design 1517:1535 immunosensor design 1517:1535 The simple method showed good fabrication controllability and reproducibility for immunosensor design. 26851579 3 61 theme current 691:697 arg1 decreasement 699:710 current decreasement 691:710 current decreasement 691:710 The combination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with immobilized antibody introduces a barrier to electron transfer, resulting in current decreasement. 26851579 5 62 theme sensitive 1027:1035 arg1 response 1050:1057 high sensitive amperometric response 1022:1057 high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration 1022:1079 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 4 63 theme modified 755:762 arg1 microelectrodes 764:778 modified microelectrodes 755:778 modified microelectrodes 755:778 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 5 64 theme mL 1183:1184 arg1 limit 1166:1170 the detection limit 1152:1170 the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3) 1152:1196 The proposed non-enzyme and label-free immunosensor exhibited high sensitive amperometric response to AFB1 concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1 to 1 ng mL(-1) and 1 to 30 ng mL(-1), with the detection limit of 0.06 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3). 26851579 1 65 from film 229:232 arg1 embedded 202:209 embedded 202:209 embedded 202:209 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 4 66 dep morphologies 717:728 arg1 The 713:715 The 713:715 The 713:715 The morphologies and characterizations of modified microelectrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26851579 0 67 from B1 162:163 arg1 maize 168:172 maize 168:172 maize 168:172 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold nanoparticles biocompatible film on Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize. 26851579 0 68 theme biocompatible 91:103 arg1 film 105:108 biocompatible film 91:108 biocompatible film 91:108 Label-free immunosensor based on one-step electrodeposition of chitosan-gold nanoparticles biocompatible film on Au microelectrode for determination of aflatoxin B1 in maize. 26851579 3 69 theme immobilized 614:624 arg1 antibody 626:633 immobilized antibody 614:633 immobilized antibody 614:633 The combination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with immobilized antibody introduces a barrier to electron transfer, resulting in current decreasement. 26851579 1 70 from embedded 202:209 arg1 film 229:232 chitosan (CHI) film 214:232 chitosan (CHI) film 214:232 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 2 71 theme amine 467:471 arg1 stability 531:539 stability 531:539 stability 531:539 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 2 71 theme amine 467:471 arg1 groups 473:478 abundant amine groups 458:478 abundant amine groups 458:478 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 2 71 theme amine 467:471 arg1 conductivity 486:497 good conductivity 481:497 good conductivity 481:497 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 2 71 theme amine 467:471 arg1 biocompatibility 510:525 excellent biocompatibility 500:525 excellent biocompatibility 500:525 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 2 72 theme CHI-AuNPs 426:434 arg1 film 446:449 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film 407:449 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film 407:449 The nano-structure CHI-AuNPs composite film offers abundant amine groups, good conductivity, excellent biocompatibility and stability for antibody immobilization. 26851579 7 73 theme ng 1411:1412 arg1 -1 1417:1418 -1 1417:1418 -1 1417:1418 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 7 73 theme ng 1411:1412 arg1 mL 1414:1415 0.19 ng mL 1406:1415 0.19 ng mL(-1) 1406:1419 Considering the sample extraction procedure, the linear range and limit of detection were assessed to be 1.6-16 ng mL(-1) and 0.19 ng mL(-1) respectively. 26851579 6 74 theme maize 1248:1252 arg1 samples 1254:1260 maize samples 1248:1260 maize samples spiked with AFB1 1248:1277 The immunoassay was also applied for analysis of maize samples spiked with AFB1. 26851579 1 75 theme well-dispersed 235:248 arg1 AuNPs 195:199 AuNPs 195:199 AuNPs 195:199 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26851579 1 75 theme well-dispersed 235:248 arg1 nanoparticles 180:192 Gold nanoparticles 175:192 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film 175:232 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in chitosan (CHI) film, well-dispersed and smaller in size (about 10 nm), were fabricated by one-step electrodeposion on Au microelectrode in solution containing chitosan and chloride trihydrate. 26663393 1 0 theme aluminium 288:296 arg1 toxicity 303:310 aluminium (Al) toxicity 288:310 aluminium (Al) toxicity 288:310 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 7 1 theme root 1018:1021 arg1 apex 1023:1026 the root apex 1014:1026 the root apex 1014:1026 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 5 2 theme NO 599:600 arg1 production 602:611 NO production 599:611 NO production 599:611 Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. 26663393 1 3 theme cell 219:222 arg1 metabolism 229:238 cell wall metabolism 219:238 cell wall metabolism 219:238 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 1 3 theme cell 219:222 arg1 target 278:283 a major target 270:283 a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity 270:310 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 0 4 theme higher 65:70 arg1 aluminium 72:80 higher aluminium 65:80 higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots 65:151 Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. 26663393 6 5 theme pH 828:829 arg1 changes 831:837 rhizosphere pH changes 816:837 rhizosphere pH changes 816:837 Elimination of NO, however, did not significantly affect malate efflux or rhizosphere pH changes under Al exposure. 26663393 7 6 theme wall 873:876 arg1 hemicelluloses 903:916 hemicelluloses 1 903:918 hemicelluloses 1 903:918 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 6 theme wall 873:876 arg1 pectin 895:900 pectin 895:900 pectin 895:900 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 6 theme wall 873:876 arg1 hemicelluloses 925:938 hemicelluloses 2 925:940 hemicelluloses 2 925:940 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 6 theme wall 873:876 arg1 polysaccharides 878:892 cell wall polysaccharides 868:892 cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) 868:941 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 9 7 theme Al 1463:1464 arg1 tolerance 1466:1474 Al tolerance 1463:1474 Al tolerance in wheat 1463:1483 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 9 8 theme Al-binding 1407:1416 arg1 capacity 1418:1425 the Al-binding capacity 1403:1425 the Al-binding capacity of pectin 1403:1435 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 1 9 theme wall 224:227 arg1 metabolism 229:238 cell wall metabolism 219:238 cell wall metabolism 219:238 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 1 9 theme wall 224:227 arg1 target 278:283 a major target 270:283 a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity 270:310 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 7 10 theme Al 1058:1059 arg1 treatment 1061:1069 Al treatment 1058:1069 Al treatment 1058:1069 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 2 11 from wall 382:385 arg1 roots 441:445 roots 441:445 roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 441:507 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 6 12 theme Al 845:846 arg1 exposure 848:855 Al exposure 845:855 Al exposure 845:855 Elimination of NO, however, did not significantly affect malate efflux or rhizosphere pH changes under Al exposure. 26663393 7 13 theme polysaccharides 878:892 arg1 activity 969:976 pectin methylesterase activity 947:976 pectin methylesterase activity 947:976 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 13 theme polysaccharides 878:892 arg1 Levels 858:863 Levels 858:863 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) 858:941 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 13 theme polysaccharides 878:892 arg1 demethylation 997:1009 pectin demethylation 990:1009 pectin demethylation in the root apex 990:1026 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 9 14 theme NO 1344:1345 arg1 production 1330:1339 the Al-induced enhanced production 1306:1339 the Al-induced enhanced production of NO 1306:1345 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 2 15 theme cultivar 466:473 arg1 roots 441:445 roots 441:445 roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 441:507 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 9 16 theme pectin 1430:1435 arg1 capacity 1418:1425 the Al-binding capacity 1403:1425 the Al-binding capacity of pectin 1403:1435 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 8 17 theme Al-binding 1248:1257 arg1 capacity 1259:1266 the Al-binding capacity 1244:1266 the Al-binding capacity of pectin 1244:1276 Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. 26663393 8 18 theme cell 1217:1220 arg1 wall 1222:1225 the root cell wall 1208:1225 the root cell wall 1208:1225 Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. 26663393 2 19 theme Al-sensitive 453:464 arg1 cultivar 466:473 an Al-sensitive cultivar 450:473 an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 450:507 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 1 20 theme toxicity 303:310 arg1 metabolism 229:238 cell wall metabolism 219:238 cell wall metabolism 219:238 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 1 20 theme toxicity 303:310 arg1 target 278:283 a major target 270:283 a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity 270:310 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 7 21 theme pectin 990:995 arg1 demethylation 997:1009 pectin demethylation 990:1009 pectin demethylation in the root apex 990:1026 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 22 theme cell 868:871 arg1 hemicelluloses 903:916 hemicelluloses 1 903:918 hemicelluloses 1 903:918 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 22 theme cell 868:871 arg1 pectin 895:900 pectin 895:900 pectin 895:900 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 22 theme cell 868:871 arg1 hemicelluloses 925:938 hemicelluloses 2 925:940 hemicelluloses 2 925:940 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 22 theme cell 868:871 arg1 polysaccharides 878:892 cell wall polysaccharides 868:892 cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) 868:941 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 8 23 theme pectin 1271:1276 arg1 capacity 1259:1266 the Al-binding capacity 1244:1266 the Al-binding capacity of pectin 1244:1276 Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. 26663393 1 24 theme Nitric 154:159 arg1 NO 168:169 NO 168:169 NO 168:169 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 1 24 theme Nitric 154:159 arg1 oxide 161:165 Nitric oxide 154:165 Nitric oxide (NO) 154:170 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 1 24 theme Nitric 154:159 arg1 molecule 198:205 an important bioactive molecule 175:205 an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity 175:310 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 0 25 theme cell 93:96 arg1 walls 98:102 cell walls 93:102 cell walls 93:102 Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. 26663393 6 26 theme malate 799:804 arg1 efflux 806:811 malate efflux 799:811 malate efflux 799:811 Elimination of NO, however, did not significantly affect malate efflux or rhizosphere pH changes under Al exposure. 26663393 5 27 theme growth 701:706 arg1 inhibition 682:691 the Al-induced inhibition 667:691 the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation 667:739 Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. 26663393 8 28 theme cPTIO 1082:1086 arg1 application 1088:1098 Exogenous cPTIO application 1072:1098 Exogenous cPTIO application 1072:1098 Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. 26663393 2 29 dep Triticum 485:492 arg1 L. 503:504 Triticum aestivum L. 485:504 Triticum aestivum L. 485:504 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 5 30 theme Al 725:726 arg1 accumulation 728:739 thus reduced Al accumulation 712:739 thus reduced Al accumulation 712:739 Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. 26663393 5 31 theme root 696:699 arg1 growth 701:706 root growth 696:706 root growth 696:706 Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. 26663393 7 32 theme pectin 947:952 arg1 activity 969:976 pectin methylesterase activity 947:976 pectin methylesterase activity 947:976 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 9 33 theme pectin 1367:1372 arg1 methylation 1374:1384 cell wall pectin methylation 1357:1384 cell wall pectin methylation 1357:1384 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 5 34 theme accumulation 728:739 arg1 inhibition 682:691 the Al-induced inhibition 667:691 the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation 667:739 Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. 26663393 2 35 dep wall 382:385 arg1 composition 387:397 composition 387:397 composition 387:397 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 0 36 theme nitric 43:48 arg1 oxide 50:54 nitric oxide 43:54 nitric oxide 43:54 Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. 26663393 2 37 theme cell 377:380 arg1 wall 382:385 cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 377:507 wall 382:385 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 0 38 theme greater 108:114 arg1 sensitivity 126:136 greater aluminium sensitivity 108:136 greater aluminium sensitivity 108:136 Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. 26663393 9 39 theme cell 1357:1360 arg1 methylation 1374:1384 cell wall pectin methylation 1357:1384 cell wall pectin methylation 1357:1384 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 8 40 theme methylesterase 1131:1144 arg1 activity 1146:1153 pectin methylesterase activity 1124:1153 pectin methylesterase activity 1124:1153 Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. 26663393 2 41 theme production 363:372 arg1 effects 338:344 the effects 334:344 the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 334:507 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 5 42 theme reduced 717:723 arg1 accumulation 728:739 thus reduced Al accumulation 712:739 thus reduced Al accumulation 712:739 Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. 26663393 2 43 theme NO 360:361 arg1 production 363:372 Al-induced NO production 349:372 Al-induced NO production 349:372 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 2 44 theme Al-binding 418:427 arg1 capacity 429:436 the subsequent Al-binding capacity 403:436 the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 403:507 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 7 45 from demethylation 997:1009 arg1 apex 1023:1026 the root apex 1014:1026 the root apex 1014:1026 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 46 theme methylesterase 954:967 arg1 activity 969:976 pectin methylesterase activity 947:976 pectin methylesterase activity 947:976 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 2 47 from capacity 429:436 arg1 roots 441:445 roots 441:445 roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 441:507 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 8 48 theme methylation 1183:1193 arg1 degree 1173:1178 the degree 1169:1178 the degree of methylation of pectin 1169:1203 Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. 26663393 7 49 dep polysaccharides 878:892 arg1 hemicelluloses 903:916 hemicelluloses 1 903:918 hemicelluloses 1 903:918 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 49 dep polysaccharides 878:892 arg1 polysaccharides 878:892 cell wall polysaccharides 868:892 cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) 868:941 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 49 dep polysaccharides 878:892 arg1 pectin 895:900 pectin 895:900 pectin 895:900 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 7 49 dep polysaccharides 878:892 arg1 hemicelluloses 925:938 hemicelluloses 2 925:940 hemicelluloses 2 925:940 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 2 50 theme Al-induced 349:358 arg1 production 363:372 Al-induced NO production 349:372 Al-induced NO production 349:372 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 2 51 theme subsequent 407:416 arg1 capacity 429:436 the subsequent Al-binding capacity 403:436 the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 403:507 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 0 52 theme aluminium 116:124 arg1 sensitivity 126:136 greater aluminium sensitivity 108:136 greater aluminium sensitivity 108:136 Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. 26663393 0 53 theme pectin 26:31 arg1 methylation 11:21 methylation 11:21 methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide 11:54 Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. 26663393 1 54 theme important 178:186 arg1 molecule 198:205 an important bioactive molecule 175:205 an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity 175:310 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 1 54 theme important 178:186 arg1 oxide 161:165 Nitric oxide 154:165 Nitric oxide (NO) 154:170 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 9 55 theme wall 1362:1365 arg1 methylation 1374:1384 cell wall pectin methylation 1357:1384 cell wall pectin methylation 1357:1384 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 0 56 theme wheat 141:145 arg1 roots 147:151 wheat roots 141:151 wheat roots 141:151 Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. 26663393 8 57 theme root 1212:1215 arg1 wall 1222:1225 the root cell wall 1208:1225 the root cell wall 1208:1225 Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. 26663393 2 58 theme wheat 478:482 arg1 cv 506:507 wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 478:507 wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 478:507 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 1 59 theme major 272:276 arg1 metabolism 229:238 cell wall metabolism 219:238 cell wall metabolism 219:238 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 1 59 theme major 272:276 arg1 target 278:283 a major target 270:283 a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity 270:310 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 5 60 theme NO 621:622 arg1 scavenger 624:632 an NO scavenger 618:632 an NO scavenger (cPTIO) 618:640 Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. 26663393 5 60 theme NO 621:622 arg1 cPTIO 635:639 cPTIO 635:639 cPTIO 635:639 Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. 26663393 2 61 from effects 338:344 arg1 wall 382:385 cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 377:507 wall 382:385 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 2 61 from effects 338:344 arg1 capacity 429:436 the subsequent Al-binding capacity 403:436 the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 403:507 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 1 62 dep toxicity 303:310 arg1 Al 299:300 Al 299:300 Al 299:300 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 2 63 theme cv 506:507 arg1 cultivar 466:473 an Al-sensitive cultivar 450:473 an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv 450:507 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 26663393 9 64 dep decreases 1347:1355 arg1 regulating 1452:1461 regulating 1452:1461 negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat 1441:1483 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 9 64 dep decreases 1347:1355 arg1 increasing 1392:1401 increasing 1392:1401 increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin 1392:1435 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 1 65 theme bioactive 188:196 arg1 molecule 198:205 an important bioactive molecule 175:205 an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity 175:310 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 1 65 theme bioactive 188:196 arg1 oxide 161:165 Nitric oxide 154:165 Nitric oxide (NO) 154:170 Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. 26663393 0 66 theme roots 147:151 arg1 sensitivity 126:136 greater aluminium sensitivity 108:136 greater aluminium sensitivity 108:136 Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. 26663393 0 66 theme roots 147:151 arg1 walls 98:102 cell walls 93:102 cell walls 93:102 Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. 26663393 6 67 theme NO 757:758 arg1 Elimination 742:752 Elimination 742:752 Elimination of NO 742:758 Elimination of NO, however, did not significantly affect malate efflux or rhizosphere pH changes under Al exposure. 26663393 9 68 theme Al-induced 1310:1319 arg1 production 1330:1339 the Al-induced enhanced production 1306:1339 the Al-induced enhanced production of NO 1306:1345 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 7 69 from Levels 858:863 arg1 apex 1023:1026 the root apex 1014:1026 the root apex 1014:1026 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 9 70 from tolerance 1466:1474 arg1 wheat 1479:1483 wheat 1479:1483 wheat 1479:1483 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 8 71 theme pectin 1124:1129 arg1 activity 1146:1153 pectin methylesterase activity 1124:1153 pectin methylesterase activity 1124:1153 Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. 26663393 5 72 theme Al-induced 671:680 arg1 inhibition 682:691 the Al-induced inhibition 667:691 the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation 667:739 Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. 26663393 8 73 theme pectin 1198:1203 arg1 methylation 1183:1193 methylation 1183:1193 methylation of pectin 1183:1203 Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. 26663393 7 74 from activity 969:976 arg1 apex 1023:1026 the root apex 1014:1026 the root apex 1014:1026 Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. 26663393 8 75 theme Exogenous 1072:1080 arg1 application 1088:1098 Exogenous cPTIO application 1072:1098 Exogenous cPTIO application 1072:1098 Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. 26663393 4 76 theme root 576:579 arg1 tips 581:584 the root tips 572:584 the root tips 572:584 We found that Al exposure induced NO accumulation in the root tips. 26663393 6 77 theme rhizosphere 816:826 arg1 changes 831:837 rhizosphere pH changes 816:837 rhizosphere pH changes 816:837 Elimination of NO, however, did not significantly affect malate efflux or rhizosphere pH changes under Al exposure. 26663393 9 78 theme enhanced 1321:1328 arg1 production 1330:1339 the Al-induced enhanced production 1306:1339 the Al-induced enhanced production of NO 1306:1345 These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat. 26663393 4 79 theme Al 533:534 arg1 exposure 536:543 Al exposure 533:543 Al exposure 533:543 We found that Al exposure induced NO accumulation in the root tips. 26663393 2 80 dep wheat 478:482 arg1 Triticum 485:492 Triticum 485:492 Triticum 485:492 We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 27236224 2 0 theme species 343:349 arg1 activity 310:317 activity 310:317 activity 310:317 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 2 0 theme species 343:349 arg1 behavior 297:304 behavior 297:304 behavior 297:304 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 14 1 theme starch 2015:2020 arg1 degrader 2022:2029 the main starch degrader 2006:2029 the main starch degrader 2006:2029 Rhizopus was identified as the main starch degrader and S. cerevisiae as the main ethanol producer. 27236224 14 1 theme starch 2015:2020 arg1 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus was identified as the main starch degrader and S. cerevisiae as the main ethanol producer. 27236224 18 2 theme fermentation 2320:2331 arg1 product 2333:2339 fermentation product 2320:2339 fermentation product 2320:2339 Their possible influence on organoleptic quality of fermentation product was discussed. 27236224 5 3 theme Rhizopus 677:684 arg1 arrhizus 686:693 Rhizopus arrhizus 677:693 Rhizopus arrhizus 677:693 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 3 theme Rhizopus 677:684 arg1 indicus 702:708 Mucor indicus 696:708 Mucor indicus 696:708 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 3 theme Rhizopus 677:684 arg1 circinelloides 717:730 Mucor circinelloides 711:730 Mucor circinelloides 711:730 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 3 theme Rhizopus 677:684 arg1 Cunninghamella 733:746 Cunninghamella 733:746 Cunninghamella 733:746 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 3 theme Rhizopus 677:684 arg1 niger 769:773 Aspergillus niger 757:773 Aspergillus niger 757:773 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 2 4 theme hard 276:279 arg1 evidence 281:288 hard evidence 276:288 hard evidence 276:288 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 5 5 theme filamentous 636:646 arg1 fungi 648:652 filamentous fungi 636:652 filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger) 636:774 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 12 6 dep production 1895:1904 arg1 culture 1864:1870 mixed culture 1858:1870 mixed culture with Rhizopus 1858:1884 In mixed culture with Rhizopus, amylase production by Sm. 27236224 15 7 from high 2098:2101 arg1 composition 2127:2137 species composition 2119:2137 species composition and dominated by acid producers 2119:2169 Bacterial load was high but unstable in species composition and dominated by acid producers. 27236224 5 8 dep bacteria 996:1003 arg1 brevis 1050:1055 Lactobacillus brevis 1036:1055 Lactobacillus brevis 1036:1055 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 8 dep bacteria 996:1003 arg1 Enterobacter 1154:1165 Enterobacter 1154:1165 Enterobacter 1154:1165 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 8 dep bacteria 996:1003 arg1 helveticus 1072:1081 Lactobacillus helveticus 1058:1081 Lactobacillus helveticus 1058:1081 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 8 dep bacteria 996:1003 arg1 hominis 1124:1130 Staphylococcus hominis 1109:1130 Staphylococcus hominis 1109:1130 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 8 dep bacteria 996:1003 arg1 maltophilia 1023:1033 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1006:1033 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1006:1033 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 8 dep bacteria 996:1003 arg1 pentosaceus 1189:1199 Pediococcus pentosaceus 1177:1199 Pediococcus pentosaceus 1177:1199 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 8 dep bacteria 996:1003 arg1 Acinetobacter 1084:1096 Acinetobacter 1084:1096 Acinetobacter 1084:1096 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 8 dep bacteria 996:1003 arg1 megaterium 1142:1151 Bacillus megaterium 1133:1151 Bacillus megaterium 1133:1151 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 6 9 theme species 1363:1369 arg1 number 1342:1347 a limited number 1332:1347 a limited number of functional species 1332:1369 Despite the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter, the fermentation process is consistent and involves a limited number of functional species. 27236224 7 10 theme fermentation 1413:1424 arg1 mash 1426:1429 fermentation mash 1413:1429 fermentation mash 1413:1429 Rapid change in microbial composition of fermentation mash was observed and it was correlated with ethanol content. 27236224 15 11 theme species 2119:2125 arg1 composition 2127:2137 species composition 2119:2137 species composition and dominated by acid producers 2119:2169 Bacterial load was high but unstable in species composition and dominated by acid producers. 27236224 8 12 theme Microbial 1488:1496 arg1 biomass 1498:1504 Microbial biomass 1488:1504 Microbial biomass 1488:1504 Microbial biomass reached maximum during first 2days of solid state fermentation. 27236224 6 13 theme microbiota 1253:1262 arg1 presence 1231:1238 the presence 1227:1238 the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter 1227:1277 Despite the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter, the fermentation process is consistent and involves a limited number of functional species. 27236224 6 14 theme limited 1334:1340 arg1 number 1342:1347 a limited number 1332:1347 a limited number of functional species 1332:1369 Despite the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter, the fermentation process is consistent and involves a limited number of functional species. 27236224 5 15 dep Cunninghamella 733:746 arg1 elegans 748:754 Cunninghamella elegans 733:754 Cunninghamella elegans 733:754 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 11 16 theme potential 1748:1756 arg1 degraders 1765:1773 potential starch degraders 1748:1773 potential starch degraders 1748:1773 fibuligera dominated by cell count amongst potential starch degraders, zymography indicated that it did not produce amylase in the fermentation mash. 27236224 5 17 theme Lactobacillus 1058:1070 arg1 maltophilia 1023:1033 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1006:1033 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1006:1033 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 17 theme Lactobacillus 1058:1070 arg1 helveticus 1072:1081 Lactobacillus helveticus 1058:1081 Lactobacillus helveticus 1058:1081 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 1 18 from abundance 194:202 arg1 starter 211:217 starter 211:217 starter 211:217 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 27236224 1 18 from abundance 194:202 arg1 activity 223:230 activity 223:230 activity 223:230 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 27236224 1 19 theme alcoholic 144:152 arg1 fermentation 154:165 traditional alcoholic fermentation 132:165 traditional alcoholic fermentation 132:165 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 27236224 7 20 theme Rapid 1372:1376 arg1 change 1378:1383 Rapid change 1372:1383 Rapid change in microbial composition of fermentation mash 1372:1429 Rapid change in microbial composition of fermentation mash was observed and it was correlated with ethanol content. 27236224 0 21 theme traditional 54:64 arg1 fermentation 87:98 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 54:98 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 54:98 New insight into microbial diversity and functions in traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation. 27236224 11 22 theme fermentation 1836:1847 arg1 mash 1849:1852 the fermentation mash 1832:1852 the fermentation mash 1832:1852 fibuligera dominated by cell count amongst potential starch degraders, zymography indicated that it did not produce amylase in the fermentation mash. 27236224 0 23 theme alcoholic 77:85 arg1 fermentation 87:98 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 54:98 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 54:98 New insight into microbial diversity and functions in traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation. 27236224 8 24 theme solid 1544:1548 arg1 fermentation 1556:1567 solid state fermentation 1544:1567 solid state fermentation 1544:1567 Microbial biomass reached maximum during first 2days of solid state fermentation. 27236224 9 25 theme medium 1591:1596 arg1 Acidification 1570:1582 Acidification 1570:1582 Acidification of the medium 1570:1596 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 8 26 theme fermentation 1556:1567 arg1 2days 1535:1539 first 2days 1529:1539 first 2days of solid state fermentation 1529:1567 Microbial biomass reached maximum during first 2days of solid state fermentation. 27236224 3 27 theme metabolite 431:440 arg1 changes 442:448 microbial succession and metabolite changes 406:448 microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 406:510 In this study, microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation were monitored. 27236224 17 28 theme satellite 2242:2250 arg1 microorganisms 2252:2265 satellite microorganisms 2242:2265 satellite microorganisms 2242:2265 fibuligera, W. anomalus and bacteria were regarded as satellite microorganisms. 27236224 17 28 theme satellite 2242:2250 arg1 bacteria 2216:2223 bacteria 2216:2223 bacteria 2216:2223 fibuligera, W. anomalus and bacteria were regarded as satellite microorganisms. 27236224 17 28 theme satellite 2242:2250 arg1 fibuligera 2188:2197 fibuligera 2188:2197 fibuligera 2188:2197 fibuligera, W. anomalus and bacteria were regarded as satellite microorganisms. 27236224 17 28 theme satellite 2242:2250 arg1 anomalus 2203:2210 anomalus 2203:2210 anomalus 2203:2210 fibuligera, W. anomalus and bacteria were regarded as satellite microorganisms. 27236224 3 29 theme succession 416:425 arg1 changes 442:448 microbial succession and metabolite changes 406:448 microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 406:510 In this study, microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation were monitored. 27236224 0 30 theme New 0:2 arg1 insight 4:10 New insight 0:10 New insight into microbial diversity 0:35 New insight into microbial diversity and functions in traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation. 27236224 5 31 theme microbial 594:602 arg1 species 604:610 22 microbial species 591:610 22 microbial species 591:610 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 31 theme microbial 594:602 arg1 species 625:631 6 species 623:631 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) 623:1200 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 32 theme Candida 953:959 arg1 rugosa 961:966 Candida rugosa 953:966 Candida rugosa 953:966 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 32 theme Candida 953:959 arg1 cerevisiae 852:861 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 838:861 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 838:861 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 15 33 dep composition 2127:2137 arg1 dominated 2143:2151 dominated 2143:2151 dominated by acid producers 2143:2169 Bacterial load was high but unstable in species composition and dominated by acid producers. 27236224 14 34 theme ethanol 2061:2067 arg1 producer 2069:2076 the main ethanol producer 2052:2076 the main ethanol producer 2052:2076 Rhizopus was identified as the main starch degrader and S. cerevisiae as the main ethanol producer. 27236224 14 34 theme ethanol 2061:2067 arg1 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus was identified as the main starch degrader and S. cerevisiae as the main ethanol producer. 27236224 5 35 dep Wickerhamomyces 887:901 arg1 anomalus 903:910 Wickerhamomyces anomalus 887:910 Wickerhamomyces anomalus 887:910 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 12 36 theme mixed 1858:1862 arg1 culture 1864:1870 mixed culture 1858:1870 mixed culture with Rhizopus 1858:1884 In mixed culture with Rhizopus, amylase production by Sm. 27236224 18 37 theme organoleptic 2296:2307 arg1 quality 2309:2315 organoleptic quality 2296:2315 organoleptic quality of fermentation product 2296:2339 Their possible influence on organoleptic quality of fermentation product was discussed. 27236224 5 38 dep fungi 648:652 arg1 microsporus 664:674 Rhizopus microsporus 655:674 Rhizopus microsporus 655:674 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 39 theme fungus 790:795 arg1 species 625:631 6 species 623:631 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) 623:1200 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 2 40 theme microbial 333:341 arg1 species 343:349 individual microbial species 322:349 individual microbial species 322:349 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 5 41 theme Saccharomycopsis 798:813 arg1 fungus 790:795 1 yeast-like fungus 777:795 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) 777:825 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 41 theme Saccharomycopsis 798:813 arg1 fibuligera 815:824 Saccharomycopsis fibuligera 798:824 Saccharomycopsis fibuligera 798:824 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 11 42 theme cell 1729:1732 arg1 count 1734:1738 cell count 1729:1738 cell count amongst potential starch degraders 1729:1773 fibuligera dominated by cell count amongst potential starch degraders, zymography indicated that it did not produce amylase in the fermentation mash. 27236224 3 43 theme Vietnamese 478:487 arg1 fermentation 499:510 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 466:510 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 466:510 In this study, microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation were monitored. 27236224 5 44 dep yeasts 830:835 arg1 kudriavzevii 939:950 Pichia kudriavzevii 932:950 Pichia kudriavzevii 932:950 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 44 dep yeasts 830:835 arg1 tropicalis 977:986 Candida tropicalis 969:986 Candida tropicalis 969:986 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 44 dep yeasts 830:835 arg1 Wickerhamomyces 887:901 Wickerhamomyces 887:901 Wickerhamomyces 887:901 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 44 dep yeasts 830:835 arg1 cerevisiae 852:861 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 838:861 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 838:861 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 44 dep yeasts 830:835 arg1 Lindnera 913:920 Lindnera 913:920 Lindnera 913:920 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 44 dep yeasts 830:835 arg1 rugosa 961:966 Candida rugosa 953:966 Candida rugosa 953:966 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 44 dep yeasts 830:835 arg1 Clavispora 864:873 Clavispora 864:873 Clavispora 864:873 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 2 45 theme actual 362:367 arg1 process 382:388 the actual fermentation process 358:388 the actual fermentation process 358:388 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 12 46 with culture 1864:1870 arg1 Rhizopus 1877:1884 Rhizopus 1877:1884 Rhizopus 1877:1884 In mixed culture with Rhizopus, amylase production by Sm. 27236224 5 47 dep Acinetobacter 1084:1096 arg1 baumannii 1098:1106 Acinetobacter baumannii 1084:1106 Acinetobacter baumannii 1084:1106 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 48 theme Rhizopus 655:662 arg1 microsporus 664:674 Rhizopus microsporus 655:674 Rhizopus microsporus 655:674 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 2 49 theme evidence 281:288 arg1 lack 268:271 a serious lack 258:271 a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species 258:349 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 9 50 theme alcohol 1659:1665 arg1 accumulation 1667:1678 alcohol accumulation 1659:1678 alcohol accumulation 1659:1678 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 7 51 theme ethanol 1471:1477 arg1 content 1479:1485 ethanol content 1471:1485 ethanol content 1471:1485 Rapid change in microbial composition of fermentation mash was observed and it was correlated with ethanol content. 27236224 3 52 theme fermentation 499:510 arg1 7days 457:461 7days 457:461 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 457:510 In this study, microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation were monitored. 27236224 6 53 theme fermentation 1284:1295 arg1 consistent 1308:1317 consistent 1308:1317 consistent 1308:1317 Despite the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter, the fermentation process is consistent and involves a limited number of functional species. 27236224 6 53 theme fermentation 1284:1295 arg1 process 1297:1303 the fermentation process 1280:1303 the fermentation process 1280:1303 Despite the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter, the fermentation process is consistent and involves a limited number of functional species. 27236224 13 54 theme substrate 1968:1976 arg1 content 1953:1959 the moisture content 1940:1959 the moisture content of the substrate 1940:1976 fibuligera is regulated by the moisture content of the substrate. 27236224 15 55 theme acid 2156:2159 arg1 producers 2161:2169 acid producers 2156:2169 acid producers 2156:2169 Bacterial load was high but unstable in species composition and dominated by acid producers. 27236224 5 56 theme fungi 648:652 arg1 species 625:631 6 species 623:631 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) 623:1200 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 9 57 from day 1685:1687 arg1 days 1641:1644 days 2 1641:1646 days 2 1641:1646 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 9 57 from day 1685:1687 arg1 degradation 1626:1636 starch degradation 1619:1636 starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3 1619:1689 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 9 57 from day 1685:1687 arg1 accumulation 1667:1678 alcohol accumulation 1659:1678 alcohol accumulation 1659:1678 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 13 58 theme moisture 1944:1951 arg1 content 1953:1959 the moisture content 1940:1959 the moisture content of the substrate 1940:1976 fibuligera is regulated by the moisture content of the substrate. 27236224 5 59 theme yeasts 830:835 arg1 species 625:631 6 species 623:631 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) 623:1200 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 6 60 attach presence 1231:1238 arg2 microbiota 1253:1262 a complex microbiota 1243:1262 a complex microbiota 1243:1262 Despite the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter, the fermentation process is consistent and involves a limited number of functional species. 27236224 6 60 attach presence 1231:1238 arg1 starter 1271:1277 the starter 1267:1277 the starter 1267:1277 Despite the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter, the fermentation process is consistent and involves a limited number of functional species. 27236224 6 61 theme functional 1352:1361 arg1 species 1363:1369 functional species 1352:1369 functional species 1352:1369 Despite the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter, the fermentation process is consistent and involves a limited number of functional species. 27236224 7 62 theme mash 1426:1429 arg1 composition 1398:1408 microbial composition 1388:1408 microbial composition of fermentation mash 1388:1429 Rapid change in microbial composition of fermentation mash was observed and it was correlated with ethanol content. 27236224 1 63 from activity 223:230 arg1 culture 240:246 pure culture 235:246 pure culture 235:246 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 27236224 1 64 theme microorganisms 114:127 arg1 roles 105:109 The roles 101:109 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation 101:165 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 27236224 4 65 theme Special 528:534 arg1 attention 536:544 Special attention 528:544 Special attention 528:544 Special attention was devoted to starch degradation. 27236224 6 66 theme complex 1245:1251 arg1 microbiota 1253:1262 a complex microbiota 1243:1262 a complex microbiota 1243:1262 Despite the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter, the fermentation process is consistent and involves a limited number of functional species. 27236224 15 67 from composition 2127:2137 arg1 high 2098:2101 high 2098:2101 high 2098:2101 Bacterial load was high but unstable in species composition and dominated by acid producers. 27236224 5 68 theme Mucor 696:700 arg1 arrhizus 686:693 Rhizopus arrhizus 677:693 Rhizopus arrhizus 677:693 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 68 theme Mucor 696:700 arg1 indicus 702:708 Mucor indicus 696:708 Mucor indicus 696:708 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 2 69 theme serious 260:266 arg1 lack 268:271 a serious lack 258:271 a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species 258:349 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 1 70 from starter 211:217 arg1 culture 240:246 pure culture 235:246 pure culture 235:246 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 27236224 1 71 theme traditional 132:142 arg1 fermentation 154:165 traditional alcoholic fermentation 132:165 traditional alcoholic fermentation 132:165 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 27236224 2 72 from lack 268:271 arg1 activity 310:317 activity 310:317 activity 310:317 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 2 72 from lack 268:271 arg1 behavior 297:304 behavior 297:304 behavior 297:304 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 8 73 theme first 1529:1533 arg1 2days 1535:1539 first 2days 1529:1539 first 2days of solid state fermentation 1529:1567 Microbial biomass reached maximum during first 2days of solid state fermentation. 27236224 7 74 theme microbial 1388:1396 arg1 composition 1398:1408 microbial composition 1388:1408 microbial composition of fermentation mash 1388:1429 Rapid change in microbial composition of fermentation mash was observed and it was correlated with ethanol content. 27236224 2 75 dep behavior 297:304 arg1 the 293:295 the 293:295 the 293:295 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 11 76 theme starch 1758:1763 arg1 degraders 1765:1773 potential starch degraders 1748:1773 potential starch degraders 1748:1773 fibuligera dominated by cell count amongst potential starch degraders, zymography indicated that it did not produce amylase in the fermentation mash. 27236224 0 77 theme Vietnamese 66:75 arg1 fermentation 87:98 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 54:98 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 54:98 New insight into microbial diversity and functions in traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation. 27236224 18 78 from influence 2283:2291 arg1 quality 2309:2315 organoleptic quality 2296:2315 organoleptic quality of fermentation product 2296:2339 Their possible influence on organoleptic quality of fermentation product was discussed. 27236224 6 79 from presence 1231:1238 arg1 starter 1271:1277 the starter 1267:1277 the starter 1267:1277 Despite the presence of a complex microbiota in the starter, the fermentation process is consistent and involves a limited number of functional species. 27236224 5 80 theme Mucor 711:715 arg1 arrhizus 686:693 Rhizopus arrhizus 677:693 Rhizopus arrhizus 677:693 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 80 theme Mucor 711:715 arg1 circinelloides 717:730 Mucor circinelloides 711:730 Mucor circinelloides 711:730 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 8 81 theme state 1550:1554 arg1 fermentation 1556:1567 solid state fermentation 1544:1567 solid state fermentation 1544:1567 Microbial biomass reached maximum during first 2days of solid state fermentation. 27236224 5 82 theme Candida 969:975 arg1 tropicalis 977:986 Candida tropicalis 969:986 Candida tropicalis 969:986 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 82 theme Candida 969:975 arg1 cerevisiae 852:861 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 838:861 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 838:861 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 14 83 theme main 2010:2013 arg1 degrader 2022:2029 the main starch degrader 2006:2029 the main starch degrader 2006:2029 Rhizopus was identified as the main starch degrader and S. cerevisiae as the main ethanol producer. 27236224 14 83 theme main 2010:2013 arg1 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus was identified as the main starch degrader and S. cerevisiae as the main ethanol producer. 27236224 16 84 dep M. 2172:2173 arg1 indicus 2175:2181 M. indicus 2172:2181 M. indicus 2172:2181 M. indicus, Sm. 27236224 12 85 theme amylase 1887:1893 arg1 production 1895:1904 amylase production 1887:1904 amylase production by Sm 1887:1910 In mixed culture with Rhizopus, amylase production by Sm. 27236224 7 86 from change 1378:1383 arg1 composition 1398:1408 microbial composition 1388:1408 microbial composition of fermentation mash 1388:1429 Rapid change in microbial composition of fermentation mash was observed and it was correlated with ethanol content. 27236224 18 87 theme possible 2274:2281 arg1 influence 2283:2291 Their possible influence 2268:2291 Their possible influence on organoleptic quality of fermentation product 2268:2339 Their possible influence on organoleptic quality of fermentation product was discussed. 27236224 5 88 dep Enterobacter 1154:1165 arg1 asburiae 1167:1174 Enterobacter asburiae 1154:1174 Enterobacter asburiae 1154:1174 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 1 89 dep assumed 177:183 arg1 based 185:189 based 185:189 are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture 167:246 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 27236224 2 90 theme fermentation 369:380 arg1 process 382:388 the actual fermentation process 358:388 the actual fermentation process 358:388 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 0 91 theme microbial 17:25 arg1 diversity 27:35 microbial diversity 17:35 microbial diversity 17:35 New insight into microbial diversity and functions in traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation. 27236224 5 92 dep microsporus 664:674 arg1 arrhizus 686:693 Rhizopus arrhizus 677:693 Rhizopus arrhizus 677:693 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 92 dep microsporus 664:674 arg1 indicus 702:708 Mucor indicus 696:708 Mucor indicus 696:708 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 92 dep microsporus 664:674 arg1 circinelloides 717:730 Mucor circinelloides 711:730 Mucor circinelloides 711:730 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 92 dep microsporus 664:674 arg1 Cunninghamella 733:746 Cunninghamella 733:746 Cunninghamella 733:746 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 92 dep microsporus 664:674 arg1 niger 769:773 Aspergillus niger 757:773 Aspergillus niger 757:773 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 14 93 theme main 2056:2059 arg1 producer 2069:2076 the main ethanol producer 2052:2076 the main ethanol producer 2052:2076 Rhizopus was identified as the main starch degrader and S. cerevisiae as the main ethanol producer. 27236224 14 93 theme main 2056:2059 arg1 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus 1979:1986 Rhizopus was identified as the main starch degrader and S. cerevisiae as the main ethanol producer. 27236224 3 94 theme traditional 466:476 arg1 fermentation 499:510 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 466:510 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 466:510 In this study, microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation were monitored. 27236224 5 95 theme yeast-like 779:788 arg1 fungus 790:795 1 yeast-like fungus 777:795 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) 777:825 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 95 theme yeast-like 779:788 arg1 fibuligera 815:824 Saccharomycopsis fibuligera 798:824 Saccharomycopsis fibuligera 798:824 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 9 96 theme starch 1619:1624 arg1 degradation 1626:1636 starch degradation 1619:1636 starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3 1619:1689 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 9 97 from degradation 1626:1636 arg1 day 1685:1687 day 3 1685:1689 day 3 1685:1689 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 9 97 from degradation 1626:1636 arg1 4 1652:1652 4 1652:1652 4 1652:1652 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 9 97 from degradation 1626:1636 arg1 days 1641:1644 days 2 1641:1646 days 2 1641:1646 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 9 97 from degradation 1626:1636 arg1 3 1649:1649 3 1649:1649 3 1649:1649 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 9 97 from degradation 1626:1636 arg1 accumulation 1667:1678 alcohol accumulation 1659:1678 alcohol accumulation 1659:1678 Acidification of the medium took place in day 1, starch degradation in days 2, 3, 4, and alcohol accumulation from day 3. 27236224 3 98 theme microbial 406:414 arg1 changes 442:448 microbial succession and metabolite changes 406:448 microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 406:510 In this study, microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation were monitored. 27236224 5 99 theme Pediococcus 1177:1187 arg1 pentosaceus 1189:1199 Pediococcus pentosaceus 1177:1199 Pediococcus pentosaceus 1177:1199 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 5 99 theme Pediococcus 1177:1187 arg1 maltophilia 1023:1033 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1006:1033 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1006:1033 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 4 100 theme starch 561:566 arg1 degradation 568:578 starch degradation 561:578 starch degradation 561:578 Special attention was devoted to starch degradation. 27236224 5 101 dep Clavispora 864:873 arg1 lusitaniae 875:884 Clavispora lusitaniae 864:884 Clavispora lusitaniae 864:884 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 2 102 theme individual 322:331 arg1 species 343:349 individual microbial species 322:349 individual microbial species 322:349 There is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. 27236224 1 103 from roles 105:109 arg1 fermentation 154:165 traditional alcoholic fermentation 132:165 traditional alcoholic fermentation 132:165 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 27236224 15 104 theme Bacterial 2079:2087 arg1 load 2089:2092 Bacterial load 2079:2092 Bacterial load 2079:2092 Bacterial load was high but unstable in species composition and dominated by acid producers. 27236224 18 105 theme product 2333:2339 arg1 quality 2309:2315 organoleptic quality 2296:2315 organoleptic quality of fermentation product 2296:2339 Their possible influence on organoleptic quality of fermentation product was discussed. 27236224 3 106 theme alcoholic 489:497 arg1 fermentation 499:510 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 466:510 traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation 466:510 In this study, microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional Vietnamese alcoholic fermentation were monitored. 27236224 1 107 theme pure 235:238 arg1 culture 240:246 pure culture 235:246 pure culture 235:246 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 27236224 5 108 theme bacteria 996:1003 arg1 species 625:631 6 species 623:631 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) 623:1200 In total, 22 microbial species, including 6 species of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor indicus, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger), 1 yeast-like fungus (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera), 7 yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida rugosa, Candida tropicalis), and 8 bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus) were identified. 27236224 1 109 dep starter 211:217 arg1 the 207:209 the 207:209 the 207:209 The roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. 25073033 5 0 theme Two-hour 814:821 arg1 RESULTS 806:812 RESULTS 806:812 RESULTS Two-hour CI 806:824 RESULTS Two-hour CI led to mild inflammation of tissues on day 10, whereas 10-hr and 30-hr CI resulted in massive inflammation and tissue damage. 25073033 5 1 from inflammation 838:849 arg1 day 865:867 day 10 865:870 day 10 865:870 RESULTS Two-hour CI led to mild inflammation of tissues on day 10, whereas 10-hr and 30-hr CI resulted in massive inflammation and tissue damage. 25073033 8 2 from decrease 1267:1274 arg1 day 1338:1340 day 10 1338:1343 day 10 1338:1343 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 8 2 from decrease 1267:1274 arg1 nuclei 1298:1303 viable muscle cell nuclei 1279:1303 viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle 1279:1333 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 8 2 from decrease 1267:1274 arg1 groups 1352:1357 all groups 1348:1357 all groups 1348:1357 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 9 3 theme 10-hr 1520:1524 arg1 groups 1539:1544 the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups 1516:1544 the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups 1516:1544 Transmission-electron microscopy indicated that a large number of mitochondria were degenerated in the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups. 25073033 11 4 from CI 1870:1871 arg1 nerve 1887:1891 nerve 1887:1891 nerve 1887:1891 CONCLUSION Severe inflammation and tissue damage are observed after prolonged CI in muscle and nerve. 25073033 11 4 from CI 1870:1871 arg1 muscle 1876:1881 muscle 1876:1881 muscle 1876:1881 CONCLUSION Severe inflammation and tissue damage are observed after prolonged CI in muscle and nerve. 25073033 0 5 theme solutions 91:99 arg1 evaluation 18:27 Histomorphometric evaluation 0:27 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury 0:58 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effect of preservation solutions histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin in limb transplantation. 25073033 0 5 theme solutions 91:99 arg1 effect 68:73 the effect 64:73 the effect of preservation solutions 64:99 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effect of preservation solutions histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin in limb transplantation. 25073033 11 6 theme tissue 1827:1832 arg1 damage 1834:1839 tissue damage 1827:1839 tissue damage 1827:1839 CONCLUSION Severe inflammation and tissue damage are observed after prolonged CI in muscle and nerve. 25073033 1 7 from effect 204:209 arg1 allotransplantation 259:277 vascularized composite allotransplantation 236:277 vascularized composite allotransplantation 236:277 BACKGROUND The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is unknown. 25073033 7 8 theme cell 1067:1070 arg1 infiltrate 1072:1081 A perineural cell infiltrate 1054:1081 A perineural cell infiltrate 1054:1081 A perineural cell infiltrate, hypercellular appearance, pronounced vacuolization, and mucoid degeneration, appearing as Wallerian degeneration, were observed. 25073033 10 9 theme Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate 1547:1580 arg1 solution 1595:1602 Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution 1547:1602 Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution 1547:1602 Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution slightly decreased inflammation and tissue damage compared to University of Wisconsin-treated and saline-treated animals, especially in skin and muscle when CI times did not exceed 10 hr. 25073033 8 10 theme anterior 1312:1319 arg1 muscle 1328:1333 the anterior tibial muscle 1308:1333 the anterior tibial muscle 1308:1333 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 7 11 theme pronounced 1110:1119 arg1 vacuolization 1121:1133 pronounced vacuolization 1110:1133 pronounced vacuolization 1110:1133 A perineural cell infiltrate, hypercellular appearance, pronounced vacuolization, and mucoid degeneration, appearing as Wallerian degeneration, were observed. 25073033 2 12 theme CI 343:344 arg1 time 346:349 acceptable CI time 332:349 acceptable CI time 332:349 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 25073033 4 13 theme transmission-electron 772:792 arg1 microscopy 794:803 transmission-electron microscopy 772:803 transmission-electron microscopy 772:803 Morphologic alterations, inflammation, and damage of the individual tissues were analyzed on day 10 using histomorphology, confocal, light, and transmission-electron microscopy. 25073033 4 13 theme transmission-electron 772:792 arg1 histomorphology 734:748 histomorphology 734:748 histomorphology 734:748 Morphologic alterations, inflammation, and damage of the individual tissues were analyzed on day 10 using histomorphology, confocal, light, and transmission-electron microscopy. 25073033 11 14 theme CONCLUSION 1792:1801 arg1 inflammation 1810:1821 CONCLUSION Severe inflammation 1792:1821 CONCLUSION Severe inflammation 1792:1821 CONCLUSION Severe inflammation and tissue damage are observed after prolonged CI in muscle and nerve. 25073033 9 15 theme CI 1536:1537 arg1 groups 1539:1544 the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups 1516:1544 the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups 1516:1544 Transmission-electron microscopy indicated that a large number of mitochondria were degenerated in the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups. 25073033 8 16 from nuclei 1298:1303 arg1 muscle 1328:1333 the anterior tibial muscle 1308:1333 the anterior tibial muscle 1308:1333 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 2 17 theme acceptable 332:341 arg1 time 346:349 acceptable CI time 332:349 acceptable CI time 332:349 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 25073033 4 18 theme Morphologic 628:638 arg1 alterations 640:650 Morphologic alterations 628:650 Morphologic alterations 628:650 Morphologic alterations, inflammation, and damage of the individual tissues were analyzed on day 10 using histomorphology, confocal, light, and transmission-electron microscopy. 25073033 9 19 theme large 1467:1471 arg1 number 1473:1478 a large number 1465:1478 a large number of mitochondria 1465:1494 Transmission-electron microscopy indicated that a large number of mitochondria were degenerated in the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups. 25073033 5 20 theme tissue 937:942 arg1 damage 944:949 tissue damage 937:949 tissue damage 937:949 RESULTS Two-hour CI led to mild inflammation of tissues on day 10, whereas 10-hr and 30-hr CI resulted in massive inflammation and tissue damage. 25073033 10 21 theme Wisconsin-treated 1680:1696 arg1 animals 1717:1723 Wisconsin-treated and saline-treated animals 1680:1723 animals 1717:1723 Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution slightly decreased inflammation and tissue damage compared to University of Wisconsin-treated and saline-treated animals, especially in skin and muscle when CI times did not exceed 10 hr. 25073033 1 22 theme cold 214:217 arg1 CI 229:230 CI 229:230 CI 229:230 BACKGROUND The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is unknown. 25073033 1 22 theme cold 214:217 arg1 ischemia 219:226 cold ischemia 214:226 cold ischemia (CI) 214:231 BACKGROUND The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is unknown. 25073033 7 23 theme mucoid 1140:1145 arg1 degeneration 1147:1158 mucoid degeneration 1140:1158 mucoid degeneration 1140:1158 A perineural cell infiltrate, hypercellular appearance, pronounced vacuolization, and mucoid degeneration, appearing as Wallerian degeneration, were observed. 25073033 12 24 theme vascularized 1912:1923 arg1 allotransplantation 1935:1953 vascularized composite allotransplantation 1912:1953 vascularized composite allotransplantation 1912:1953 Ischemia times in vascularized composite allotransplantation should be kept as short as possible and certainly below 10 hr. 25073033 8 25 theme propidium 1227:1235 arg1 iodide 1237:1242 propidium iodide 1227:1242 propidium iodide 1227:1242 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 5 26 theme tissues 854:860 arg1 inflammation 838:849 mild inflammation 833:849 mild inflammation of tissues on day 10 833:870 RESULTS Two-hour CI led to mild inflammation of tissues on day 10, whereas 10-hr and 30-hr CI resulted in massive inflammation and tissue damage. 25073033 8 27 from pronounced 1375:1384 arg1 animals 1408:1414 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals 1389:1414 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals 1389:1414 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 1 28 theme ischemia 219:226 arg1 unknown 282:288 unknown 282:288 unknown 282:288 BACKGROUND The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is unknown. 25073033 1 28 theme ischemia 219:226 arg1 effect 204:209 The effect 200:209 The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation 200:277 BACKGROUND The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is unknown. 25073033 10 29 theme tissue 1640:1645 arg1 damage 1647:1652 tissue damage 1640:1652 tissue damage 1640:1652 Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution slightly decreased inflammation and tissue damage compared to University of Wisconsin-treated and saline-treated animals, especially in skin and muscle when CI times did not exceed 10 hr. 25073033 5 30 from tissues 854:860 arg1 day 865:867 day 10 865:870 day 10 865:870 RESULTS Two-hour CI led to mild inflammation of tissues on day 10, whereas 10-hr and 30-hr CI resulted in massive inflammation and tissue damage. 25073033 3 31 theme solution 595:602 arg1 histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate 520:553 histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate 520:553 histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate 520:553 METHODS Lewis rat limbs were flushed and stored for 2, 10, or 30 hr CI in saline, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate or University of Wisconsin preservation solution before transplantation. 25073033 3 31 theme solution 595:602 arg1 saline 512:517 saline 512:517 saline 512:517 METHODS Lewis rat limbs were flushed and stored for 2, 10, or 30 hr CI in saline, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate or University of Wisconsin preservation solution before transplantation. 25073033 5 32 from day 865:867 arg1 inflammation 838:849 mild inflammation 833:849 mild inflammation of tissues on day 10 833:870 RESULTS Two-hour CI led to mild inflammation of tissues on day 10, whereas 10-hr and 30-hr CI resulted in massive inflammation and tissue damage. 25073033 2 33 theme transplant 420:429 arg1 model 431:435 a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model 396:435 a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model 396:435 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 25073033 0 34 theme Histomorphometric 0:16 arg1 evaluation 18:27 Histomorphometric evaluation 0:27 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury 0:58 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effect of preservation solutions histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin in limb transplantation. 25073033 7 35 theme hypercellular 1084:1096 arg1 appearance 1098:1107 hypercellular appearance 1084:1107 hypercellular appearance 1084:1107 A perineural cell infiltrate, hypercellular appearance, pronounced vacuolization, and mucoid degeneration, appearing as Wallerian degeneration, were observed. 25073033 8 36 from animals 1408:1414 arg1 pronounced 1375:1384 pronounced 1375:1384 pronounced 1375:1384 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 8 36 from animals 1408:1414 arg1 decrease 1267:1274 a decrease 1265:1274 a decrease 1265:1274 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 2 37 theme hindlimb 411:418 arg1 model 431:435 a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model 396:435 a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model 396:435 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 25073033 0 38 theme ischemia-reperfusion 32:51 arg1 injury 53:58 ischemia-reperfusion injury 32:58 ischemia-reperfusion injury 32:58 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effect of preservation solutions histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin in limb transplantation. 25073033 0 39 theme limb 167:170 arg1 transplantation 172:186 limb transplantation 167:186 limb transplantation 167:186 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effect of preservation solutions histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin in limb transplantation. 25073033 3 40 theme Wisconsin 572:580 arg1 solution 595:602 Wisconsin preservation solution 572:602 Wisconsin preservation solution 572:602 METHODS Lewis rat limbs were flushed and stored for 2, 10, or 30 hr CI in saline, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate or University of Wisconsin preservation solution before transplantation. 25073033 7 41 theme Wallerian 1174:1182 arg1 degeneration 1184:1195 Wallerian degeneration 1174:1195 Wallerian degeneration 1174:1195 A perineural cell infiltrate, hypercellular appearance, pronounced vacuolization, and mucoid degeneration, appearing as Wallerian degeneration, were observed. 25073033 6 42 theme prolonged 994:1002 arg1 CI 1004:1005 prolonged CI 994:1005 prolonged CI (≥10 hr) 994:1014 Although muscle was mainly affected after prolonged CI (≥10 hr), nerve was affected in all CI groups. 25073033 6 42 theme prolonged 994:1002 arg1 hr 1012:1013 ≥10 hr 1008:1013 ≥10 hr 1008:1013 Although muscle was mainly affected after prolonged CI (≥10 hr), nerve was affected in all CI groups. 25073033 12 43 theme Ischemia 1894:1901 arg1 times 1903:1907 Ischemia times 1894:1907 Ischemia times in vascularized composite allotransplantation 1894:1953 Ischemia times in vascularized composite allotransplantation should be kept as short as possible and certainly below 10 hr. 25073033 12 43 theme Ischemia 1894:1901 arg1 possible 1982:1989 possible 1982:1989 possible 1982:1989 Ischemia times in vascularized composite allotransplantation should be kept as short as possible and certainly below 10 hr. 25073033 3 44 theme preservation 582:593 arg1 solution 595:602 Wisconsin preservation solution 572:602 Wisconsin preservation solution 572:602 METHODS Lewis rat limbs were flushed and stored for 2, 10, or 30 hr CI in saline, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate or University of Wisconsin preservation solution before transplantation. 25073033 8 45 theme tibial 1321:1326 arg1 muscle 1328:1333 the anterior tibial muscle 1308:1333 the anterior tibial muscle 1308:1333 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 3 46 theme rat 452:454 arg1 limbs 456:460 METHODS Lewis rat limbs 438:460 METHODS Lewis rat limbs 438:460 METHODS Lewis rat limbs were flushed and stored for 2, 10, or 30 hr CI in saline, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate or University of Wisconsin preservation solution before transplantation. 25073033 8 47 theme cell 1293:1296 arg1 nuclei 1298:1303 viable muscle cell nuclei 1279:1303 viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle 1279:1333 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 9 48 theme mitochondria 1483:1494 arg1 number 1473:1478 a large number 1465:1478 a large number of mitochondria 1465:1494 Transmission-electron microscopy indicated that a large number of mitochondria were degenerated in the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups. 25073033 4 49 theme individual 685:694 arg1 tissues 696:702 the individual tissues 681:702 the individual tissues 681:702 Morphologic alterations, inflammation, and damage of the individual tissues were analyzed on day 10 using histomorphology, confocal, light, and transmission-electron microscopy. 25073033 1 50 theme vascularized 236:247 arg1 allotransplantation 259:277 vascularized composite allotransplantation 236:277 vascularized composite allotransplantation 236:277 BACKGROUND The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is unknown. 25073033 0 51 theme injury 53:58 arg1 evaluation 18:27 Histomorphometric evaluation 0:27 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury 0:58 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effect of preservation solutions histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin in limb transplantation. 25073033 0 51 theme injury 53:58 arg1 effect 68:73 the effect 64:73 the effect of preservation solutions 64:99 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effect of preservation solutions histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin in limb transplantation. 25073033 7 52 theme perineural 1056:1065 arg1 infiltrate 1072:1081 A perineural cell infiltrate 1054:1081 A perineural cell infiltrate 1054:1081 A perineural cell infiltrate, hypercellular appearance, pronounced vacuolization, and mucoid degeneration, appearing as Wallerian degeneration, were observed. 25073033 8 53 theme muscle 1286:1291 arg1 nuclei 1298:1303 viable muscle cell nuclei 1279:1303 viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle 1279:1333 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 8 54 with Staining 1213:1220 arg1 Syto 1248:1251 Syto 1248:1251 Syto 1248:1251 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 8 54 with Staining 1213:1220 arg1 iodide 1237:1242 propidium iodide 1227:1242 propidium iodide 1227:1242 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 1 55 theme composite 249:257 arg1 allotransplantation 259:277 vascularized composite allotransplantation 236:277 vascularized composite allotransplantation 236:277 BACKGROUND The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is unknown. 25073033 3 56 theme METHODS 438:444 arg1 limbs 456:460 METHODS Lewis rat limbs 438:460 METHODS Lewis rat limbs 438:460 METHODS Lewis rat limbs were flushed and stored for 2, 10, or 30 hr CI in saline, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate or University of Wisconsin preservation solution before transplantation. 25073033 9 57 theme Transmission-electron 1417:1437 arg1 microscopy 1439:1448 Transmission-electron microscopy 1417:1448 Transmission-electron microscopy 1417:1448 Transmission-electron microscopy indicated that a large number of mitochondria were degenerated in the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups. 25073033 8 58 theme 10-hr 1389:1393 arg1 animals 1408:1414 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals 1389:1414 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals 1389:1414 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 2 59 theme solutions 383:391 arg1 damage 324:329 tissue-specific damage 308:329 tissue-specific damage 308:329 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 25073033 2 59 theme solutions 383:391 arg1 effect 360:365 the effect 356:365 the effect of preservation solutions 356:391 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 25073033 2 59 theme solutions 383:391 arg1 time 346:349 acceptable CI time 332:349 acceptable CI time 332:349 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 25073033 3 60 theme Lewis 446:450 arg1 limbs 456:460 METHODS Lewis rat limbs 438:460 METHODS Lewis rat limbs 438:460 METHODS Lewis rat limbs were flushed and stored for 2, 10, or 30 hr CI in saline, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate or University of Wisconsin preservation solution before transplantation. 25073033 11 61 theme Severe 1803:1808 arg1 inflammation 1810:1821 CONCLUSION Severe inflammation 1792:1821 CONCLUSION Severe inflammation 1792:1821 CONCLUSION Severe inflammation and tissue damage are observed after prolonged CI in muscle and nerve. 25073033 5 62 dep Two-hour 814:821 arg1 CI 823:824 CI 823:824 CI 823:824 RESULTS Two-hour CI led to mild inflammation of tissues on day 10, whereas 10-hr and 30-hr CI resulted in massive inflammation and tissue damage. 25073033 12 63 theme composite 1925:1933 arg1 allotransplantation 1935:1953 vascularized composite allotransplantation 1912:1953 vascularized composite allotransplantation 1912:1953 Ischemia times in vascularized composite allotransplantation should be kept as short as possible and certainly below 10 hr. 25073033 12 64 from times 1903:1907 arg1 allotransplantation 1935:1953 vascularized composite allotransplantation 1912:1953 vascularized composite allotransplantation 1912:1953 Ischemia times in vascularized composite allotransplantation should be kept as short as possible and certainly below 10 hr. 25073033 2 65 theme preservation 370:381 arg1 solutions 383:391 preservation solutions 370:391 preservation solutions 370:391 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 25073033 11 66 theme prolonged 1860:1868 arg1 CI 1870:1871 prolonged CI 1860:1871 prolonged CI in muscle and nerve 1860:1891 CONCLUSION Severe inflammation and tissue damage are observed after prolonged CI in muscle and nerve. 25073033 8 67 theme 30-hr 1399:1403 arg1 animals 1408:1414 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals 1389:1414 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals 1389:1414 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 2 68 theme tissue-specific 308:322 arg1 damage 324:329 tissue-specific damage 308:329 tissue-specific damage 308:329 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 25073033 1 69 dep BACKGROUND 189:198 arg1 unknown 282:288 unknown 282:288 unknown 282:288 BACKGROUND The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is unknown. 25073033 1 69 dep BACKGROUND 189:198 arg1 effect 204:209 The effect 200:209 The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation 200:277 BACKGROUND The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is unknown. 25073033 9 70 theme 30-hr 1530:1534 arg1 groups 1539:1544 the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups 1516:1544 the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups 1516:1544 Transmission-electron microscopy indicated that a large number of mitochondria were degenerated in the 10-hr and 30-hr CI groups. 25073033 10 71 theme preservation 1582:1593 arg1 solution 1595:1602 Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution 1547:1602 Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution 1547:1602 Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution slightly decreased inflammation and tissue damage compared to University of Wisconsin-treated and saline-treated animals, especially in skin and muscle when CI times did not exceed 10 hr. 25073033 5 72 theme massive 912:918 arg1 inflammation 920:931 massive inflammation 912:931 massive inflammation 912:931 RESULTS Two-hour CI led to mild inflammation of tissues on day 10, whereas 10-hr and 30-hr CI resulted in massive inflammation and tissue damage. 25073033 0 73 theme preservation 78:89 arg1 solutions 91:99 preservation solutions 78:99 preservation solutions 78:99 Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effect of preservation solutions histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin in limb transplantation. 25073033 8 74 theme viable 1279:1284 arg1 nuclei 1298:1303 viable muscle cell nuclei 1279:1303 viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle 1279:1333 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 2 75 theme rat 407:409 arg1 model 431:435 a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model 396:435 a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model 396:435 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 25073033 4 76 theme tissues 696:702 arg1 inflammation 653:664 inflammation 653:664 inflammation 653:664 Morphologic alterations, inflammation, and damage of the individual tissues were analyzed on day 10 using histomorphology, confocal, light, and transmission-electron microscopy. 25073033 4 76 theme tissues 696:702 arg1 damage 671:676 damage 671:676 damage 671:676 Morphologic alterations, inflammation, and damage of the individual tissues were analyzed on day 10 using histomorphology, confocal, light, and transmission-electron microscopy. 25073033 4 76 theme tissues 696:702 arg1 alterations 640:650 Morphologic alterations 628:650 Morphologic alterations 628:650 Morphologic alterations, inflammation, and damage of the individual tissues were analyzed on day 10 using histomorphology, confocal, light, and transmission-electron microscopy. 25073033 10 77 theme saline-treated 1702:1715 arg1 animals 1717:1723 Wisconsin-treated and saline-treated animals 1680:1723 animals 1717:1723 Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution slightly decreased inflammation and tissue damage compared to University of Wisconsin-treated and saline-treated animals, especially in skin and muscle when CI times did not exceed 10 hr. 25073033 5 78 theme mild 833:836 arg1 inflammation 838:849 mild inflammation 833:849 mild inflammation of tissues on day 10 833:870 RESULTS Two-hour CI led to mild inflammation of tissues on day 10, whereas 10-hr and 30-hr CI resulted in massive inflammation and tissue damage. 25073033 10 79 theme CI 1761:1762 arg1 times 1764:1768 CI times 1761:1768 CI times 1761:1768 Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution slightly decreased inflammation and tissue damage compared to University of Wisconsin-treated and saline-treated animals, especially in skin and muscle when CI times did not exceed 10 hr. 25073033 8 80 theme CI 1405:1406 arg1 animals 1408:1414 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals 1389:1414 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals 1389:1414 Staining with propidium iodide and Syto 16 revealed a decrease in viable muscle cell nuclei in the anterior tibial muscle on day 10 in all groups, which was most pronounced in 10-hr and 30-hr CI animals. 25073033 2 81 theme syngenic 398:405 arg1 model 431:435 a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model 396:435 a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model 396:435 We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. 28945533 2 0 theme surface-sterilized 127:144 arg1 leaf 146:149 the surface-sterilized leaf 123:149 the surface-sterilized leaf of Paris polyphylla var 123:173 A Gram-positive bacterium originating from the surface-sterilized leaf of Paris polyphylla var. 28945533 13 1 theme strain 1283:1288 arg1 203535T 1295:1301 strain CPCC 203535T 1283:1301 strain CPCC 203535T 1283:1301 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 7 2 theme gene 667:670 arg1 sequences 672:680 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:680 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:680 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 11 3 theme fatty 1082:1086 arg1 patterns 1093:1100 the fatty acid patterns 1078:1100 the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1078:1153 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 7 4 theme genus 576:580 arg1 Ornithinimicrobium 582:599 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 572:599 the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 572:680 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 14 5 theme Strain 1374:1379 arg1 203535T 1386:1392 Strain CPCC 203535T 1374:1392 Strain CPCC 203535T 1374:1392 Strain CPCC 203535T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 28945533 6 6 dep non-motile 354:363 arg1 irregular 383:391 irregular 383:391 irregular 383:391 Cells were non-motile, non-sporulating, irregular rods or cocci. 28945533 6 6 dep non-motile 354:363 arg1 non-sporulating 366:380 non-sporulating 366:380 non-sporulating 366:380 Cells were non-motile, non-sporulating, irregular rods or cocci. 28945533 10 7 theme unknown 957:963 arg1 UL 972:973 UL 972:973 UL 972:973 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and unknown lipid (UL). 28945533 10 7 theme unknown 957:963 arg1 lipid 965:969 unknown lipid 957:969 unknown lipid (UL) 957:974 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and unknown lipid (UL). 28945533 5 8 from colonies 292:299 arg1 agar 313:316 nutrient agar 304:316 nutrient agar 304:316 The isolate formed yellow, smooth, circular colonies on nutrient agar with 0.2 % starch (NSA). 28945533 11 9 theme fatty 987:991 arg1 consistent 1062:1071 consistent 1062:1071 consistent 1062:1071 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 11 9 theme fatty 987:991 arg1 acids 993:997 The major fatty acids 977:997 The major fatty acids 977:997 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 13 10 theme tests 1239:1243 arg1 results 1198:1204 The results 1194:1204 The results of physiological and biochemical tests 1194:1243 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 14 11 theme genus 1428:1432 arg1 Ornithinimicrobium 1434:1451 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1424:1451 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1424:1451 Strain CPCC 203535T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 28945533 7 12 theme 16S 658:660 arg1 sequences 672:680 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:680 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:680 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 11 13 theme anteiso-C15  1041:1052 arg1 consistent 1062:1071 consistent 1062:1071 consistent 1062:1071 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 11 13 theme anteiso-C15  1041:1052 arg1 acids 993:997 The major fatty acids 977:997 The major fatty acids 977:997 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 7 14 theme phylogenetic 631:642 arg1 tree 644:647 the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree 604:647 the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 604:680 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 13 15 theme genus 1348:1352 arg1 Ornithinimicrobium 1354:1371 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1344:1371 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1344:1371 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 7 16 theme rRNA 662:665 arg1 sequences 672:680 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:680 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:680 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 13 17 theme 203535T 1295:1301 arg1 differentiation 1264:1278 phenotypic differentiation 1253:1278 phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1253:1371 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 11 18 theme  0 1034:1035 arg1 consistent 1062:1071 consistent 1062:1071 consistent 1062:1071 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 11 18 theme  0 1034:1035 arg1 acids 993:997 The major fatty acids 977:997 The major fatty acids 977:997 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 14 19 theme novel 1407:1411 arg1 species 1413:1419 a novel species 1405:1419 a novel species 1405:1419 Strain CPCC 203535T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 28945533 7 20 theme rRNA 448:451 arg1 similarity 467:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 15 21 theme T=KCTC 1553:1558 arg1 29164T 1560:1565 =NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T 1540:1565 =NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T 1540:1565 nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain. 28945533 15 21 theme T=KCTC 1553:1558 arg1 203535T 1531:1537 CPCC 203535T 1526:1537 CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain 1526:1585 nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain. 28945533 7 22 theme deepest 554:560 arg1 branch 562:567 the deepest branch 550:567 the deepest branch 550:567 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 13 23 theme physiological 1209:1221 arg1 tests 1239:1243 physiological and biochemical tests 1209:1243 physiological and biochemical tests 1209:1243 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 1 24 theme Paris 62:66 arg1 polyphylla 68:77 Paris polyphylla 62:77 Paris polyphylla 62:77 nov., isolated from the leaf of Paris polyphylla. 28945533 7 25 theme gene 453:456 arg1 similarity 467:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 0 26 theme flavum 19:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp 0:27 Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 0:28 Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 28945533 5 27 theme yellow 267:272 arg1 colonies 292:299 yellow, smooth, circular colonies 267:299 yellow, smooth, circular colonies on nutrient agar 267:316 The isolate formed yellow, smooth, circular colonies on nutrient agar with 0.2 % starch (NSA). 28945533 15 28 theme =NBRC 1540:1544 arg1 29164T 1560:1565 =NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T 1540:1565 =NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T 1540:1565 nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain. 28945533 15 28 theme =NBRC 1540:1544 arg1 203535T 1531:1537 CPCC 203535T 1526:1537 CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain 1526:1585 nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain. 28945533 1 29 theme polyphylla 68:77 arg1 leaf 54:57 the leaf 50:57 the leaf of Paris polyphylla 50:77 nov., isolated from the leaf of Paris polyphylla. 28945533 7 30 theme highest 436:442 arg1 similarity 467:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 0 31 theme Ornithinimicrobium 0:17 arg1 sp 26:27 Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp 0:27 Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 0:28 Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 28945533 13 32 theme biochemical 1227:1237 arg1 tests 1239:1243 physiological and biochemical tests 1209:1243 physiological and biochemical tests 1209:1243 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 11 33 theme genus 1130:1134 arg1 Ornithinimicrobium 1136:1153 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1126:1153 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1126:1153 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 15 34 theme CPCC 1526:1529 arg1 29164T 1560:1565 =NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T 1540:1565 =NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T 1540:1565 nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain. 28945533 15 34 theme CPCC 1526:1529 arg1 203535T 1531:1537 CPCC 203535T 1526:1537 CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain 1526:1585 nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain. 28945533 11 35 theme Ornithinimicrobium 1136:1153 arg1 members 1115:1121 members 1115:1121 members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1115:1153 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 15 36 theme 109452 1546:1551 arg1 29164T 1560:1565 =NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T 1540:1565 =NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T 1540:1565 nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain. 28945533 15 36 theme 109452 1546:1551 arg1 203535T 1531:1537 CPCC 203535T 1526:1537 CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain 1526:1585 nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain. 28945533 7 37 theme 16S 444:446 arg1 similarity 467:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 5 38 theme 0.2  323:326 arg1 % 327:327 % 327:327 % 327:327 The isolate formed yellow, smooth, circular colonies on nutrient agar with 0.2 % starch (NSA). 28945533 12 39 theme 71.4 mol 1183:1190 arg1 G+C composition 1164:1178 The DNA G+C composition 1156:1178 The DNA G+C composition 1156:1178 The DNA G+C composition is 71.4 mol%. 28945533 12 39 theme 71.4 mol 1183:1190 arg1 % 1191:1191 71.4 mol% 1183:1191 71.4 mol% 1183:1191 The DNA G+C composition is 71.4 mol%. 28945533 7 40 theme kibberense 519:528 arg1 strain 490:495 the type strain 481:495 the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) 481:537 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 13 41 theme phylogenetic 1320:1331 arg1 species 1333:1339 its closest phylogenetic species 1308:1339 its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1308:1371 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 5 42 theme % 327:327 arg1 NSA 337:339 NSA 337:339 NSA 337:339 The isolate formed yellow, smooth, circular colonies on nutrient agar with 0.2 % starch (NSA). 28945533 5 42 theme % 327:327 arg1 starch 329:334 0.2 % starch 323:334 0.2 % starch (NSA) 323:340 The isolate formed yellow, smooth, circular colonies on nutrient agar with 0.2 % starch (NSA). 28945533 13 43 from species 1333:1339 arg1 Ornithinimicrobium 1354:1371 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1344:1371 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1344:1371 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 13 43 from species 1333:1339 arg1 differentiation 1264:1278 phenotypic differentiation 1253:1278 phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1253:1371 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 10 44 theme polar 837:841 arg1 profile 849:855 The polar lipid profile 833:855 The polar lipid profile 833:855 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and unknown lipid (UL). 28945533 11 45 theme major 981:985 arg1 consistent 1062:1071 consistent 1062:1071 consistent 1062:1071 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 11 45 theme major 981:985 arg1 acids 993:997 The major fatty acids 977:997 The major fatty acids 977:997 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 13 46 theme phenotypic 1253:1262 arg1 differentiation 1264:1278 phenotypic differentiation 1253:1278 phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1253:1371 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 11 47 with consistent 1062:1071 arg1 patterns 1093:1100 the fatty acid patterns 1078:1100 the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1078:1153 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 7 48 theme CPCC 415:418 arg1 203535T 420:426 Strain CPCC 203535T 408:426 Strain CPCC 203535T 408:426 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 7 49 from Ornithinimicrobium 582:599 arg1 tree 644:647 the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree 604:647 the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 604:680 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 2 50 theme Gram-positive 82:94 arg1 bacterium 96:104 A Gram-positive bacterium 80:104 A Gram-positive bacterium 80:104 A Gram-positive bacterium originating from the surface-sterilized leaf of Paris polyphylla var. 28945533 2 51 theme var 171:173 arg1 leaf 146:149 the surface-sterilized leaf 123:149 the surface-sterilized leaf of Paris polyphylla var 123:173 A Gram-positive bacterium originating from the surface-sterilized leaf of Paris polyphylla var. 28945533 6 52 theme non-motile 354:363 arg1 rods 393:396 rods 393:396 rods 393:396 Cells were non-motile, non-sporulating, irregular rods or cocci. 28945533 14 53 theme Ornithinimicrobium 1473:1490 arg1 sp 1499:1500 the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp 1464:1500 the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp 1464:1500 Strain CPCC 203535T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 28945533 14 54 theme CPCC 1381:1384 arg1 203535T 1386:1392 Strain CPCC 203535T 1374:1392 Strain CPCC 203535T 1374:1392 Strain CPCC 203535T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 28945533 5 55 dep yellow 267:272 arg1 smooth 275:280 smooth 275:280 smooth 275:280 The isolate formed yellow, smooth, circular colonies on nutrient agar with 0.2 % starch (NSA). 28945533 5 55 dep yellow 267:272 arg1 circular 283:290 circular 283:290 circular 283:290 The isolate formed yellow, smooth, circular colonies on nutrient agar with 0.2 % starch (NSA). 28945533 11 56 theme acid 1088:1091 arg1 patterns 1093:1100 the fatty acid patterns 1078:1100 the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1078:1153 The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 7 57 contain had 428:430 arg1 203535T 420:426 Strain CPCC 203535T 408:426 Strain CPCC 203535T 408:426 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 7 57 contain had 428:430 arg2 similarity 467:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 7 58 theme type 485:488 arg1 strain 490:495 the type strain 481:495 the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) 481:537 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 14 59 theme name 1468:1471 arg1 sp 1499:1500 the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp 1464:1500 the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp 1464:1500 Strain CPCC 203535T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 28945533 9 60 contain contained 781:789 arg1 peptidoglycan 767:779 The peptidoglycan 763:779 The peptidoglycan 763:779 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945533 9 60 contain contained 781:789 arg2 ornithine 791:799 ornithine 791:799 ornithine 791:799 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945533 9 60 contain contained 781:789 arg2 acid 827:830 the diagnostic diamino acid 804:830 the diagnostic diamino acid 804:830 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945533 5 61 theme nutrient 304:311 arg1 agar 313:316 nutrient agar 304:316 nutrient agar 304:316 The isolate formed yellow, smooth, circular colonies on nutrient agar with 0.2 % starch (NSA). 28945533 14 62 dep Ornithinimicrobium 1473:1490 arg1 flavum 1492:1497 flavum 1492:1497 flavum 1492:1497 Strain CPCC 203535T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 28945533 7 63 theme NJ 627:628 arg1 tree 644:647 the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree 604:647 the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 604:680 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 13 64 theme CPCC 1290:1293 arg1 203535T 1295:1301 strain CPCC 203535T 1283:1301 strain CPCC 203535T 1283:1301 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 7 65 theme Strain 408:413 arg1 203535T 420:426 Strain CPCC 203535T 408:426 Strain CPCC 203535T 408:426 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 4 66 theme polyphasic 227:236 arg1 approach 238:245 a polyphasic approach 225:245 a polyphasic approach 225:245 was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 28945533 8 67 theme major 687:691 arg1 MK-8 734:737 MK-8 734:737 MK-8 734:737 The major menaquinones of strain CPCC 203535T were MK-8(H4), MK-8(H2) and MK-8. 28945533 8 67 theme major 687:691 arg1 menaquinones 693:704 The major menaquinones 683:704 The major menaquinones of strain CPCC 203535T 683:727 The major menaquinones of strain CPCC 203535T were MK-8(H4), MK-8(H2) and MK-8. 28945533 12 68 theme DNA 1160:1162 arg1 G+C composition 1164:1178 The DNA G+C composition 1156:1178 The DNA G+C composition 1156:1178 The DNA G+C composition is 71.4 mol%. 28945533 12 68 theme DNA 1160:1162 arg1 % 1191:1191 71.4 mol% 1183:1191 71.4 mol% 1183:1191 The DNA G+C composition is 71.4 mol%. 28945533 7 69 theme Ornithinimicrobium 500:517 arg1 kibberense 519:528 Ornithinimicrobium kibberense 500:528 Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) 500:537 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 7 69 theme Ornithinimicrobium 500:517 arg1 % 536:536 96.9 % 531:536 96.9 % 531:536 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 10 70 theme lipid 843:847 arg1 profile 849:855 The polar lipid profile 833:855 The polar lipid profile 833:855 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and unknown lipid (UL). 28945533 8 71 theme strain 709:714 arg1 203535T 721:727 strain CPCC 203535T 709:727 strain CPCC 203535T 709:727 The major menaquinones of strain CPCC 203535T were MK-8(H4), MK-8(H2) and MK-8. 28945533 9 72 theme diagnostic 808:817 arg1 acid 827:830 the diagnostic diamino acid 804:830 the diagnostic diamino acid 804:830 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945533 9 72 theme diagnostic 808:817 arg1 ornithine 791:799 ornithine 791:799 ornithine 791:799 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945533 7 73 theme neighbour-joining 608:624 arg1 tree 644:647 the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree 604:647 the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 604:680 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 13 74 theme closest 1312:1318 arg1 species 1333:1339 its closest phylogenetic species 1308:1339 its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1308:1371 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 28945533 9 75 theme diamino 819:825 arg1 acid 827:830 the diagnostic diamino acid 804:830 the diagnostic diamino acid 804:830 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945533 9 75 theme diamino 819:825 arg1 ornithine 791:799 ornithine 791:799 ornithine 791:799 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945533 7 76 theme sequence 458:465 arg1 similarity 467:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 432:476 Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 28945533 8 77 theme 203535T 721:727 arg1 MK-8 734:737 MK-8 734:737 MK-8 734:737 The major menaquinones of strain CPCC 203535T were MK-8(H4), MK-8(H2) and MK-8. 28945533 8 77 theme 203535T 721:727 arg1 menaquinones 693:704 The major menaquinones 683:704 The major menaquinones of strain CPCC 203535T 683:727 The major menaquinones of strain CPCC 203535T were MK-8(H4), MK-8(H2) and MK-8. 28945533 14 78 theme Ornithinimicrobium 1434:1451 arg1 species 1413:1419 a novel species 1405:1419 a novel species 1405:1419 Strain CPCC 203535T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. 28945533 15 79 theme type 1575:1578 arg1 strain 1580:1585 the type strain 1571:1585 the type strain 1571:1585 nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain. 28945533 8 80 theme CPCC 716:719 arg1 203535T 721:727 strain CPCC 203535T 709:727 strain CPCC 203535T 709:727 The major menaquinones of strain CPCC 203535T were MK-8(H4), MK-8(H2) and MK-8. 27884149 3 0 theme DSS 971:973 arg1 schedule 985:992 the same DSS treatment schedule 962:992 the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii 962:1008 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 1 1 theme mucosal 254:260 arg1 system 269:274 the mucosal immune system 250:274 the mucosal immune system 250:274 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 0 2 from mice 167:170 arg1 composition 81:91 composition 81:91 composition 81:91 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 0 2 from mice 167:170 arg1 diversity 97:105 diversity 97:105 diversity 97:105 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 1 3 theme system 269:274 arg1 dysfunction 235:245 a dysfunction 233:245 a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system 233:274 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 2 4 theme samples 603:609 arg1 pyrosequencing 579:592 pyrosequencing 579:592 pyrosequencing of fecal samples 579:609 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 9 5 from interactions 1732:1743 arg1 IBD 1748:1750 IBD 1748:1750 IBD 1748:1750 These results provide valuable insight into microbiota-food component interactions in IBD. 27884149 3 6 theme control 664:670 arg1 group 672:676 a control group 662:676 i) a control group 659:676 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 6 7 theme control 1369:1375 arg1 levels 1377:1382 control levels 1369:1382 control levels 1369:1382 SQE supplementation recovered the proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes back to control levels. 27884149 1 8 theme bowel 197:201 arg1 diseases 203:210 Inflammatory bowel diseases 184:210 Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) 184:216 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 1 8 theme bowel 197:201 arg1 IBD 213:215 IBD 213:215 IBD 213:215 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 0 9 from composition 81:91 arg1 mice 167:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 0 10 theme sulfate 136:142 arg1 mice 167:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 2 11 theme mouse 545:549 arg1 model 551:555 a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 498:555 a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 498:555 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 0 12 theme colitis 159:165 arg1 mice 167:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 8 13 theme microbial 1599:1607 arg1 composition 1609:1619 composition 1609:1619 composition 1609:1619 CONCLUSION SQE was found to protect mice from microbial dysbiosis associated with colitis by modulating the microbial composition and diversity of the microbiota present. 27884149 7 14 theme supplementation 1434:1448 arg1 group 1450:1454 the SQE supplementation group 1426:1454 the SQE supplementation group 1426:1454 Moreover, the diversity of microbiota in the SQE supplementation group higher than that of the DSS group. 27884149 2 15 theme -induced 528:535 arg1 model 551:555 a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 498:555 a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 498:555 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 2 16 from microbiota 484:493 arg1 model 551:555 a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 498:555 a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 498:555 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 2 17 theme gut 480:482 arg1 microbiota 484:493 gut microbiota 480:493 gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 480:555 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 0 18 from diversity 97:105 arg1 mice 167:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 3 19 theme untreated 776:784 arg1 water 786:790 untreated water 776:790 untreated water 776:790 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 7 20 theme microbiota 1412:1421 arg1 diversity 1399:1407 the diversity 1395:1407 the diversity of microbiota in the SQE supplementation group 1395:1454 Moreover, the diversity of microbiota in the SQE supplementation group higher than that of the DSS group. 27884149 3 21 dep group 685:689 arg1 ii 679:680 ii 679:680 ii 679:680 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 22 theme mg/kg 910:914 arg1 weight 921:926 300 mg/kg body weight 906:926 300 mg/kg body weight 906:926 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 22 theme mg/kg 910:914 arg1 SQE 901:903 SQE 901:903 SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) 901:927 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 8 23 theme microbiota 1642:1651 arg1 present 1653:1659 the microbiota present 1638:1659 the microbiota present 1638:1659 CONCLUSION SQE was found to protect mice from microbial dysbiosis associated with colitis by modulating the microbial composition and diversity of the microbiota present. 27884149 4 24 theme activity 1058:1065 arg1 scores 1067:1072 disease activity scores 1050:1072 disease activity scores 1050:1072 RESULTS SQE supplementation alleviated disease activity scores and shortened colon length compared to the other two groups. 27884149 3 25 dep examined 649:656 arg1 group 685:689 a group 683:689 ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water 679:851 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 25 dep examined 649:656 arg1 group 672:676 a control group 662:676 i) a control group 659:676 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 25 dep examined 649:656 arg1 group 865:869 a group 863:869 iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii 858:1008 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 26 from water 847:851 arg1 days 812:815 another 7 days 802:815 another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water 802:851 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 2 27 theme Sasa 438:441 arg1 SQE 472:474 SQE 472:474 SQE 472:474 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 2 27 theme Sasa 438:441 arg1 extract 463:469 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract 438:469 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) 438:475 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 0 28 theme Sasa 0:3 arg1 extract 25:31 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract 0:31 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract 0:31 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 0 29 dep composition 81:91 arg1 the 77:79 the 77:79 the 77:79 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 0 30 theme leaf 20:23 arg1 extract 25:31 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract 0:31 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract 0:31 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 7 31 theme DSS 1480:1482 arg1 group 1484:1488 the DSS group 1476:1488 the DSS group 1476:1488 Moreover, the diversity of microbiota in the SQE supplementation group higher than that of the DSS group. 27884149 3 32 from DSS 825:827 arg1 water 847:851 their drinking water 832:851 their drinking water 832:851 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 5 33 theme DSS 1142:1144 arg1 group 1146:1150 the DSS group 1138:1150 the DSS group 1138:1150 In the DSS group, the proportion of Bacteroidetes increased, whereas that the proportion of Firmicutes was decreased compared to the control group. 27884149 1 34 theme complex 297:303 arg1 interactions 305:316 complex interactions 297:316 complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome 297:410 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 7 35 from diversity 1399:1407 arg1 group 1450:1454 the SQE supplementation group 1426:1454 the SQE supplementation group 1426:1454 Moreover, the diversity of microbiota in the SQE supplementation group higher than that of the DSS group. 27884149 2 36 theme leaf 458:461 arg1 SQE 472:474 SQE 472:474 SQE 472:474 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 2 36 theme leaf 458:461 arg1 extract 463:469 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract 438:469 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) 438:475 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 3 37 from DSS 714:716 arg1 water 736:740 their drinking water 721:740 their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water 721:851 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 38 theme same 966:969 arg1 schedule 985:992 the same DSS treatment schedule 962:992 the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii 962:1008 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 39 theme % 823:823 arg1 DSS 825:827 2.5% DSS 820:827 2.5% DSS in their drinking water 820:851 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 4 40 theme colon 1088:1092 arg1 length 1094:1099 colon length 1088:1099 colon length 1088:1099 RESULTS SQE supplementation alleviated disease activity scores and shortened colon length compared to the other two groups. 27884149 9 41 theme microbiota-food 1706:1720 arg1 interactions 1732:1743 microbiota-food component interactions 1706:1743 microbiota-food component interactions in IBD 1706:1750 These results provide valuable insight into microbiota-food component interactions in IBD. 27884149 8 42 theme microbial 1537:1545 arg1 dysbiosis 1547:1555 microbial dysbiosis 1537:1555 microbial dysbiosis associated with colitis 1537:1579 CONCLUSION SQE was found to protect mice from microbial dysbiosis associated with colitis by modulating the microbial composition and diversity of the microbiota present. 27884149 3 43 theme animals 636:642 arg1 METHODS 612:618 METHODS Three groups 612:631 METHODS Three groups of animals 612:642 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 5 44 theme Bacteroidetes 1171:1183 arg1 proportion 1157:1166 the proportion 1153:1166 the proportion of Bacteroidetes 1153:1183 In the DSS group, the proportion of Bacteroidetes increased, whereas that the proportion of Firmicutes was decreased compared to the control group. 27884149 3 45 dep group 865:869 arg1 iii 858:860 iii 858:860 iii 858:860 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 46 theme drinking 838:845 arg1 water 847:851 their drinking water 832:851 their drinking water 832:851 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 6 47 theme SQE 1283:1285 arg1 supplementation 1287:1301 SQE supplementation 1283:1301 SQE supplementation 1283:1301 SQE supplementation recovered the proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes back to control levels. 27884149 3 48 theme treatment 975:983 arg1 schedule 985:992 the same DSS treatment schedule 962:992 the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii 962:1008 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 1 49 theme immune 262:267 arg1 system 269:274 the mucosal immune system 250:274 the mucosal immune system 250:274 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 5 50 theme control 1268:1274 arg1 group 1276:1280 the control group 1264:1280 the control group 1264:1280 In the DSS group, the proportion of Bacteroidetes increased, whereas that the proportion of Firmicutes was decreased compared to the control group. 27884149 1 51 theme Inflammatory 184:195 arg1 diseases 203:210 Inflammatory bowel diseases 184:210 Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) 184:216 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 1 51 theme Inflammatory 184:195 arg1 IBD 213:215 IBD 213:215 IBD 213:215 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 2 52 theme quelpaertensis 443:456 arg1 SQE 472:474 SQE 472:474 SQE 472:474 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 2 52 theme quelpaertensis 443:456 arg1 extract 463:469 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract 438:469 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) 438:475 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 2 53 theme fecal 597:601 arg1 samples 603:609 fecal samples 597:609 fecal samples 597:609 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 5 54 theme Firmicutes 1227:1236 arg1 proportion 1213:1222 the proportion 1209:1222 the proportion of Firmicutes 1209:1236 In the DSS group, the proportion of Bacteroidetes increased, whereas that the proportion of Firmicutes was decreased compared to the control group. 27884149 0 55 theme dextran 128:134 arg1 sulfate 136:142 dextran sulfate 128:142 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 6 56 theme Bacteroidetes 1347:1359 arg1 proportions 1317:1327 the proportions 1313:1327 the proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes 1313:1359 SQE supplementation recovered the proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes back to control levels. 27884149 0 57 theme sodium-induced 144:157 arg1 mice 167:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 6 58 theme Firmicutes 1332:1341 arg1 proportions 1317:1327 the proportions 1313:1327 the proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes 1313:1359 SQE supplementation recovered the proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes back to control levels. 27884149 3 59 from days 812:815 arg1 water 847:851 their drinking water 832:851 their drinking water 832:851 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 60 theme % 712:712 arg1 DSS 714:716 2.5% DSS 709:716 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water 709:851 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 1 61 theme gut 397:399 arg1 microbiome 401:410 the gut microbiome 393:410 the gut microbiome 393:410 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 7 62 theme SQE 1430:1432 arg1 group 1450:1454 the SQE supplementation group 1426:1454 the SQE supplementation group 1426:1454 Moreover, the diversity of microbiota in the SQE supplementation group higher than that of the DSS group. 27884149 2 63 theme colitis 537:543 arg1 model 551:555 a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 498:555 a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 498:555 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 0 64 from microbiota 114:123 arg1 mice 167:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice 128:170 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 3 65 theme drinking 727:734 arg1 water 736:740 their drinking water 721:740 their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water 721:851 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 2 66 from effect 428:433 arg1 microbiota 484:493 gut microbiota 480:493 gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 480:555 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 1 67 theme environmental 339:351 arg1 factors 353:359 environmental factors 339:359 environmental factors 339:359 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 1 67 theme environmental 339:351 arg1 lifestyle 372:380 lifestyle 372:380 lifestyle 372:380 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 1 67 theme environmental 339:351 arg1 microbiome 401:410 the gut microbiome 393:410 the gut microbiome 393:410 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 1 67 theme environmental 339:351 arg1 diet 383:386 diet 383:386 diet 383:386 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 3 68 theme water 786:790 arg1 days 768:771 7 days 766:771 7 days of untreated water 766:790 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 0 69 theme microbiota 114:123 arg1 composition 81:91 composition 81:91 composition 81:91 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 0 69 theme microbiota 114:123 arg1 diversity 97:105 diversity 97:105 diversity 97:105 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 8 70 theme present 1653:1659 arg1 diversity 1625:1633 diversity 1625:1633 diversity 1625:1633 CONCLUSION SQE was found to protect mice from microbial dysbiosis associated with colitis by modulating the microbial composition and diversity of the microbiota present. 27884149 8 70 theme present 1653:1659 arg1 composition 1609:1619 composition 1609:1619 composition 1609:1619 CONCLUSION SQE was found to protect mice from microbial dysbiosis associated with colitis by modulating the microbial composition and diversity of the microbiota present. 27884149 0 71 theme quelpaertensis 5:18 arg1 extract 25:31 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract 0:31 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract 0:31 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 7 72 dep higher 1456:1461 arg1 diversity 1399:1407 the diversity 1395:1407 the diversity of microbiota in the SQE supplementation group 1395:1454 Moreover, the diversity of microbiota in the SQE supplementation group higher than that of the DSS group. 27884149 3 73 theme body 916:919 arg1 weight 921:926 300 mg/kg body weight 906:926 300 mg/kg body weight 906:926 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 73 theme body 916:919 arg1 SQE 901:903 SQE 901:903 SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) 901:927 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 4 74 theme disease 1050:1056 arg1 scores 1067:1072 disease activity scores 1050:1072 disease activity scores 1050:1072 RESULTS SQE supplementation alleviated disease activity scores and shortened colon length compared to the other two groups. 27884149 1 75 dep BACKGROUND 173:182 arg1 related 222:228 related 222:228 related 222:228 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are related to a dysfunction of the mucosal immune system and they result from complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. 27884149 4 76 theme other 1117:1121 arg1 groups 1127:1132 the other two groups 1113:1132 the other two groups 1113:1132 RESULTS SQE supplementation alleviated disease activity scores and shortened colon length compared to the other two groups. 27884149 0 77 theme microbial 43:51 arg1 dysbiosis 53:61 microbial dysbiosis 43:61 microbial dysbiosis 43:61 Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. 27884149 9 78 theme component 1722:1730 arg1 interactions 1732:1743 microbiota-food component interactions 1706:1743 microbiota-food component interactions in IBD 1706:1750 These results provide valuable insight into microbiota-food component interactions in IBD. 27884149 2 79 theme extract 463:469 arg1 effect 428:433 the effect 424:433 the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 424:555 Therefore, the effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was investigated with pyrosequencing of fecal samples. 27884149 3 80 dep group 672:676 arg1 i 659:659 i 659:659 i 659:659 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 9 81 theme valuable 1684:1691 arg1 insight 1693:1699 valuable insight 1684:1699 valuable insight into microbiota-food component interactions in IBD 1684:1750 These results provide valuable insight into microbiota-food component interactions in IBD. 27884149 3 82 theme prior 953:957 arg1 weeks 947:951 two weeks 943:951 two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii 943:1008 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 3 83 theme DSS 825:827 arg1 days 812:815 another 7 days 802:815 another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water 802:851 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 8 84 theme CONCLUSION 1491:1500 arg1 SQE 1502:1504 CONCLUSION SQE 1491:1504 CONCLUSION SQE 1491:1504 CONCLUSION SQE was found to protect mice from microbial dysbiosis associated with colitis by modulating the microbial composition and diversity of the microbiota present. 27884149 3 85 dep METHODS 612:618 arg1 groups 626:631 Three groups 620:631 METHODS Three groups of animals 612:642 METHODS Three groups of animals were examined: i) a control group, ii) a group that was received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of untreated water, and then another 7 days of 2.5% DSS in their drinking water, and iii) a group that was presupplemented with SQE (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to the same DSS treatment schedule described in ii. 27884149 8 86 dep composition 1609:1619 arg1 the 1595:1597 the 1595:1597 the 1595:1597 CONCLUSION SQE was found to protect mice from microbial dysbiosis associated with colitis by modulating the microbial composition and diversity of the microbiota present. 24007559 2 0 theme initial 634:640 arg1 densities 642:650 both high and low initial densities 616:650 both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, 616:731 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 1 1 with constructs 376:385 arg1 objective 396:404 the objective 392:404 the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds 392:510 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 5 2 theme cocultured 1188:1197 arg1 constructs 1199:1208 cocultured constructs 1188:1208 cocultured constructs 1188:1208 Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. 24007559 2 3 theme fibrous 583:589 arg1 scaffolds 591:599 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds 550:599 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds 550:599 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 1 4 theme hybrid 369:374 arg1 constructs 376:385 polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs 334:385 polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds 334:510 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 2 5 theme low 630:632 arg1 densities 642:650 both high and low initial densities 616:650 both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, 616:731 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 1 6 theme ample 466:470 arg1 ECM 487:489 ample cartilage-like ECM 466:489 ample cartilage-like ECM 466:489 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 5 7 theme constructs 1278:1287 arg1 patterns 1244:1251 the well-distributed ECM patterns 1219:1251 the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs 1219:1287 Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. 24007559 5 8 theme generated 1268:1276 arg1 constructs 1278:1287 chondrocyte generated constructs 1256:1287 chondrocyte generated constructs 1256:1287 Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. 24007559 1 9 theme cartilage-like 472:485 arg1 ECM 487:489 ample cartilage-like ECM 466:489 ample cartilage-like ECM 466:489 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 4 10 theme time 1042:1045 arg1 point 1047:1051 each time point 1037:1051 each time point 1037:1051 Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. 24007559 3 11 theme Glycosaminoglycan 770:786 arg1 production 788:797 Glycosaminoglycan production 770:797 Glycosaminoglycan production 770:797 Glycosaminoglycan production and distribution within the three coculture groups was similar to quantities generated by chondrocyte-only controls. 24007559 2 12 theme poly 562:565 arg1 scaffolds 591:599 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds 550:599 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds 550:599 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 2 13 theme high 621:624 arg1 densities 642:650 both high and low initial densities 616:650 both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, 616:731 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 2 14 dep ratios 672:677 arg1 1:3 714:716 1:3 714:716 1:3 714:716 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 2 14 dep ratios 672:677 arg1 1:1 709:711 1:1 709:711 1:1 709:711 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 2 14 dep ratios 672:677 arg1 1:0 704:706 1:0 704:706 1:0 704:706 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 2 14 dep ratios 672:677 arg1 1:5 719:721 1:5 719:721 1:5 719:721 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 2 14 dep ratios 672:677 arg1 0:1 728:730 0:1 728:730 0:1 728:730 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 5 15 theme matrix 1350:1355 arg1 distribution 1334:1345 the restricted distribution 1319:1345 the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs 1319:1382 Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. 24007559 1 16 theme electrospun 285:295 arg1 scaffolds 313:321 electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds 285:321 electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds 285:321 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 2 17 theme electrospun 550:560 arg1 ɛ-caprolactone 567:580 ɛ-caprolactone 567:580 ɛ-caprolactone 567:580 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 2 17 theme electrospun 550:560 arg1 poly 562:565 electrospun poly 550:565 electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds 550:599 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 2 18 theme different 662:670 arg1 ratios 672:677 five different ratios 657:677 five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, 657:731 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 0 19 link Cell-derived 0:11 arg1 scaffolds 52:60 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds 0:60 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 0:192 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 3 20 theme chondrocyte-only 889:904 arg1 controls 906:913 chondrocyte-only controls 889:913 chondrocyte-only controls 889:913 Glycosaminoglycan production and distribution within the three coculture groups was similar to quantities generated by chondrocyte-only controls. 24007559 0 21 theme cocultures 115:124 arg1 densities 138:146 seeding densities 130:146 seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition 130:191 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 0 21 theme cocultures 115:124 arg1 investigation 98:110 investigation 98:110 investigation of cocultures 98:124 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 6 22 theme MSCs 1454:1457 arg1 cocultures 1423:1432 cocultures 1423:1432 cocultures of chondrocytes and MSCs 1423:1457 These results support the capacity of cocultures of chondrocytes and MSCs to generate cartilaginous matrix within a polymeric scaffold. 24007559 7 23 theme chondrocytes 1597:1608 arg1 reduction 1584:1592 the reduction 1580:1592 the reduction of chondrocytes needed to produce cell-generated ECM 1580:1645 Further, the inclusion of MSCs in these cocultures enables the reduction of chondrocytes needed to produce cell-generated ECM. 24007559 5 24 theme ECM 1240:1242 arg1 patterns 1244:1251 the well-distributed ECM patterns 1219:1251 the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs 1219:1287 Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. 24007559 5 25 theme MSC-only 1364:1371 arg1 constructs 1373:1382 MSC-only constructs 1364:1382 MSC-only constructs 1364:1382 Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. 24007559 0 26 theme polymer/extracellular 13:33 arg1 scaffolds 52:60 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds 0:60 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 0:192 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 6 27 theme polymeric 1501:1509 arg1 scaffold 1511:1518 a polymeric scaffold 1499:1518 a polymeric scaffold 1499:1518 These results support the capacity of cocultures of chondrocytes and MSCs to generate cartilaginous matrix within a polymeric scaffold. 24007559 5 28 theme Histological 1151:1162 arg1 staining 1164:1171 Histological staining 1151:1171 Histological staining 1151:1171 Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. 24007559 4 29 theme collagen 1108:1115 arg1 production 1117:1126 the collagen production 1104:1126 the collagen production of chondrocytes alone 1104:1148 Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. 24007559 7 30 from inclusion 1534:1542 arg1 cocultures 1561:1570 these cocultures 1555:1570 these cocultures 1555:1570 Further, the inclusion of MSCs in these cocultures enables the reduction of chondrocytes needed to produce cell-generated ECM. 24007559 0 31 theme Cell-derived 0:11 arg1 scaffolds 52:60 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds 0:60 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 0:192 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 1 32 theme fibrous 297:303 arg1 scaffolds 313:321 electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds 285:321 electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds 285:321 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 7 33 theme MSCs 1547:1550 arg1 inclusion 1534:1542 the inclusion 1530:1542 the inclusion of MSCs in these cocultures 1530:1570 Further, the inclusion of MSCs in these cocultures enables the reduction of chondrocytes needed to produce cell-generated ECM. 24007559 0 34 theme composite 42:50 arg1 scaffolds 52:60 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds 0:60 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 0:192 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 1 35 theme polymer 305:311 arg1 scaffolds 313:321 electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds 285:321 electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds 285:321 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 2 36 with densities 642:650 arg1 ratios 672:677 five different ratios 657:677 five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, 657:731 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 0 37 theme matrix 35:40 arg1 scaffolds 52:60 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds 0:60 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 0:192 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 0 38 theme seeding 130:136 arg1 densities 138:146 seeding densities 130:146 seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition 130:191 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 7 39 theme cell-generated 1628:1641 arg1 ECM 1643:1645 cell-generated ECM 1628:1645 cell-generated ECM 1628:1645 Further, the inclusion of MSCs in these cocultures enables the reduction of chondrocytes needed to produce cell-generated ECM. 24007559 4 40 theme collagen 984:991 arg1 content 993:999 the collagen content 980:999 the collagen content of the constructs 980:1017 Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. 24007559 0 41 theme improved 152:159 arg1 deposition 182:191 improved extracellular matrix deposition 152:191 improved extracellular matrix deposition 152:191 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 5 42 theme well-distributed 1223:1238 arg1 patterns 1244:1251 the well-distributed ECM patterns 1219:1251 the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs 1219:1287 Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. 24007559 4 43 theme MSC 1080:1082 arg1 ratio 1084:1088 a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio 1059:1088 a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone 1059:1148 Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. 24007559 1 44 theme chondrocytes 235:246 arg1 coculture 222:230 the coculture 218:230 the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds 218:321 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 4 45 dep ratio 1084:1088 arg1 to 1077:1078 to 1077:1078 to 1077:1078 Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. 24007559 6 46 theme chondrocytes 1437:1448 arg1 cocultures 1423:1432 cocultures 1423:1432 cocultures of chondrocytes and MSCs 1423:1457 These results support the capacity of cocultures of chondrocytes and MSCs to generate cartilaginous matrix within a polymeric scaffold. 24007559 1 47 theme polymer/extracellular 334:354 arg1 ECM 364:366 ECM 364:366 ECM 364:366 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 1 47 theme polymer/extracellular 334:354 arg1 matrix 356:361 polymer/extracellular matrix 334:361 polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds 334:510 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 0 48 theme matrix 175:180 arg1 deposition 182:191 improved extracellular matrix deposition 152:191 improved extracellular matrix deposition 152:191 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 4 49 theme chondrocytes 952:963 arg1 concentration 935:947 the concentration 931:947 the concentration of chondrocytes 931:963 Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. 24007559 6 50 theme cartilaginous 1471:1483 arg1 matrix 1485:1490 cartilaginous matrix 1471:1490 cartilaginous matrix 1471:1490 These results support the capacity of cocultures of chondrocytes and MSCs to generate cartilaginous matrix within a polymeric scaffold. 24007559 0 51 theme cartilage 66:74 arg1 Part 90:93 Part 1 90:95 Part 1 90:95 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 0 51 theme cartilage 66:74 arg1 regeneration 76:87 cartilage regeneration 66:87 cartilage regeneration 66:87 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 1 52 theme matrix 356:361 arg1 constructs 376:385 polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs 334:385 polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds 334:510 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 0 53 theme extracellular 161:173 arg1 deposition 182:191 improved extracellular matrix deposition 152:191 improved extracellular matrix deposition 152:191 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 1 54 theme chondrocytes 432:443 arg1 number 422:427 the number 418:427 the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds 418:510 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 0 55 dep scaffolds 52:60 arg1 densities 138:146 seeding densities 130:146 seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition 130:191 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 0 55 dep scaffolds 52:60 arg1 investigation 98:110 investigation 98:110 investigation of cocultures 98:124 Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. 24007559 1 56 from coculture 222:230 arg1 scaffolds 313:321 electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds 285:321 electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds 285:321 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 5 57 theme restricted 1323:1332 arg1 distribution 1334:1345 the restricted distribution 1319:1345 the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs 1319:1382 Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. 24007559 1 58 theme necessary 445:453 arg1 chondrocytes 432:443 chondrocytes 432:443 chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds 432:510 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 2 59 theme chondrocytes 682:693 arg1 ratios 672:677 five different ratios 657:677 five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, 657:731 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 3 60 theme coculture 833:841 arg1 groups 843:848 the three coculture groups 823:848 the three coculture groups 823:848 Glycosaminoglycan production and distribution within the three coculture groups was similar to quantities generated by chondrocyte-only controls. 24007559 1 61 theme mesenchymal 252:262 arg1 cells 269:273 mesenchymal stem cells 252:273 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 252:280 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 1 61 theme mesenchymal 252:262 arg1 MSCs 276:279 MSCs 276:279 MSCs 276:279 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 4 62 theme chondrocytes 1131:1142 arg1 production 1117:1126 the collagen production 1104:1126 the collagen production of chondrocytes alone 1104:1148 Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. 24007559 4 63 theme chondrocyte 1065:1075 arg1 ratio 1084:1088 a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio 1059:1088 a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone 1059:1148 Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. 24007559 4 64 theme 1:1 1061:1063 arg1 ratio 1084:1088 a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio 1059:1088 a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone 1059:1148 Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. 24007559 1 65 theme stem 264:267 arg1 cells 269:273 mesenchymal stem cells 252:273 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 252:280 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 1 65 theme stem 264:267 arg1 MSCs 276:279 MSCs 276:279 MSCs 276:279 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 6 66 theme cocultures 1423:1432 arg1 capacity 1411:1418 the capacity 1407:1418 the capacity of cocultures of chondrocytes and MSCs to generate cartilaginous matrix within a polymeric scaffold 1407:1518 These results support the capacity of cocultures of chondrocytes and MSCs to generate cartilaginous matrix within a polymeric scaffold. 24007559 1 67 theme cells 269:273 arg1 coculture 222:230 the coculture 218:230 the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds 218:321 This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. 24007559 2 68 theme hybrid 531:536 arg1 constructs 538:547 these hybrid constructs 525:547 these hybrid constructs 525:547 To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. 24007559 4 69 theme constructs 1008:1017 arg1 content 993:999 the collagen content 980:999 the collagen content of the constructs 980:1017 Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. 24007559 5 70 theme chondrocyte 1256:1266 arg1 constructs 1278:1287 chondrocyte generated constructs 1256:1287 chondrocyte generated constructs 1256:1287 Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. 29084659 5 0 theme BUN 746:748 arg1 levels 750:755 Bla and BUN levels 738:755 Bla and BUN levels 738:755 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 5 1 dep increase 686:693 arg1 reduce 731:736 reduce 731:736 reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment 731:821 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 0 2 theme health 75:80 arg1 composition 15:25 Pharmaceutical composition 0:25 Pharmaceutical composition 0:25 Pharmaceutical composition and drug effect of synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue. 29084659 0 2 theme health 75:80 arg1 effect 36:41 drug effect 31:41 drug effect 31:41 Pharmaceutical composition and drug effect of synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue. 29084659 5 3 theme Experimental 641:652 arg1 results 654:660 Experimental results 641:660 Experimental results 641:660 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 5 4 theme energy 714:719 arg1 reserves 721:728 the liver glycogen energy reserves 695:728 the liver glycogen energy reserves 695:728 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 5 5 from balance 758:764 arg1 environment 811:821 the environment 807:821 the environment 807:821 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 2 6 theme pharmacological 277:291 arg1 analysis 293:300 pharmacological analysis 277:300 pharmacological analysis 277:300 In this paper, the authors conducted pharmacological analysis on Bacopa monniera and its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function. 29084659 3 7 contain has 418:420 arg1 extract 398:404 The extract 394:404 The extract of the drug 394:416 The extract of the drug has some effect on relieving the fatigue and providing the movement function. 29084659 3 7 contain has 418:420 arg2 effect 427:432 some effect 422:432 some effect 422:432 The extract of the drug has some effect on relieving the fatigue and providing the movement function. 29084659 5 8 theme exercise 886:893 arg1 fatigue 895:901 exercise fatigue 886:901 exercise fatigue 886:901 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 1 9 contain has 158:160 arg2 effect 162:167 effect 162:167 effect 162:167 Bacopa monnieri has effect on the nervous system, digestive system and blood circulation systems. 29084659 1 9 contain has 158:160 arg1 monnieri 149:156 Bacopa monnieri 142:156 Bacopa monnieri 142:156 Bacopa monnieri has effect on the nervous system, digestive system and blood circulation systems. 29084659 5 10 theme energy 770:775 arg1 metabolism 777:786 energy metabolism 770:786 energy metabolism 770:786 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 5 11 from metabolism 777:786 arg1 environment 811:821 the environment 807:821 the environment 807:821 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 5 12 dep capacity 873:880 arg1 the 860:862 the 860:862 the 860:862 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 5 13 theme Bla 738:740 arg1 levels 750:755 Bla and BUN levels 738:755 Bla and BUN levels 738:755 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 1 14 theme nervous 176:182 arg1 system 184:189 the nervous system 172:189 the nervous system 172:189 Bacopa monnieri has effect on the nervous system, digestive system and blood circulation systems. 29084659 0 15 theme Pharmaceutical 0:13 arg1 composition 15:25 Pharmaceutical composition 0:25 Pharmaceutical composition 0:25 Pharmaceutical composition and drug effect of synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue. 29084659 4 16 theme extracts 556:563 arg1 efficacy 529:536 efficacy 529:536 efficacy 529:536 By analyzing the composition and efficacy of Chinese herbal extracts, it can be seen that these drugs have obvious effect on improving immunity. 29084659 4 16 theme extracts 556:563 arg1 composition 513:523 composition 513:523 composition 513:523 By analyzing the composition and efficacy of Chinese herbal extracts, it can be seen that these drugs have obvious effect on improving immunity. 29084659 2 17 theme Bacopa 305:310 arg1 monniera 312:319 Bacopa monniera 305:319 Bacopa monniera 305:319 In this paper, the authors conducted pharmacological analysis on Bacopa monniera and its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function. 29084659 2 18 theme function 384:391 arg1 preparation 355:365 its innovative pharmaceutical preparation 325:365 its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function 325:391 In this paper, the authors conducted pharmacological analysis on Bacopa monniera and its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function. 29084659 2 18 theme function 384:391 arg1 monniera 312:319 Bacopa monniera 305:319 Bacopa monniera 305:319 In this paper, the authors conducted pharmacological analysis on Bacopa monniera and its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function. 29084659 0 19 theme drug 31:34 arg1 effect 36:41 drug effect 31:41 drug effect 31:41 Pharmaceutical composition and drug effect of synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue. 29084659 4 20 theme herbal 549:554 arg1 extracts 556:563 Chinese herbal extracts 541:563 Chinese herbal extracts 541:563 By analyzing the composition and efficacy of Chinese herbal extracts, it can be seen that these drugs have obvious effect on improving immunity. 29084659 0 21 theme resistance 122:131 arg1 fatigue 133:139 resistance fatigue 122:139 resistance fatigue 122:139 Pharmaceutical composition and drug effect of synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue. 29084659 5 22 theme cells 798:802 arg1 balance 758:764 balance 758:764 balance 758:764 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 5 22 theme cells 798:802 arg1 metabolism 777:786 energy metabolism 770:786 energy metabolism 770:786 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 5 22 theme cells 798:802 arg1 levels 750:755 Bla and BUN levels 738:755 Bla and BUN levels 738:755 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 1 23 theme digestive 192:200 arg1 system 202:207 digestive system 192:207 digestive system 192:207 Bacopa monnieri has effect on the nervous system, digestive system and blood circulation systems. 29084659 3 24 theme drug 413:416 arg1 extract 398:404 The extract 394:404 The extract of the drug 394:416 The extract of the drug has some effect on relieving the fatigue and providing the movement function. 29084659 5 25 theme liver 699:703 arg1 reserves 721:728 the liver glycogen energy reserves 695:728 the liver glycogen energy reserves 695:728 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 5 26 theme glycogen 705:712 arg1 reserves 721:728 the liver glycogen energy reserves 695:728 the liver glycogen energy reserves 695:728 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 5 27 theme positive 835:842 arg1 role 844:847 a positive role 833:847 a positive role 833:847 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 4 28 dep composition 513:523 arg1 the 509:511 the 509:511 the 509:511 By analyzing the composition and efficacy of Chinese herbal extracts, it can be seen that these drugs have obvious effect on improving immunity. 29084659 0 29 theme fatigue 133:139 arg1 perspective 107:117 the perspective 103:117 the perspective of resistance fatigue 103:139 Pharmaceutical composition and drug effect of synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue. 29084659 5 30 theme muscle 791:796 arg1 cells 798:802 muscle cells 791:802 muscle cells 791:802 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 0 31 theme Bacopa 56:61 arg1 health 75:80 synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health 46:80 synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue 46:139 Pharmaceutical composition and drug effect of synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue. 29084659 2 32 theme pharmaceutical 340:353 arg1 preparation 355:365 its innovative pharmaceutical preparation 325:365 its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function 325:391 In this paper, the authors conducted pharmacological analysis on Bacopa monniera and its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function. 29084659 0 33 theme synthetic 46:54 arg1 health 75:80 synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health 46:80 synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue 46:139 Pharmaceutical composition and drug effect of synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue. 29084659 4 34 theme Chinese 541:547 arg1 extracts 556:563 Chinese herbal extracts 541:563 Chinese herbal extracts 541:563 By analyzing the composition and efficacy of Chinese herbal extracts, it can be seen that these drugs have obvious effect on improving immunity. 29084659 5 35 from levels 750:755 arg1 environment 811:821 the environment 807:821 the environment 807:821 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 2 36 theme innovative 329:338 arg1 preparation 355:365 its innovative pharmaceutical preparation 325:365 its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function 325:391 In this paper, the authors conducted pharmacological analysis on Bacopa monniera and its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function. 29084659 1 37 theme Bacopa 142:147 arg1 monnieri 149:156 Bacopa monnieri 142:156 Bacopa monnieri 142:156 Bacopa monnieri has effect on the nervous system, digestive system and blood circulation systems. 29084659 4 38 contain have 598:601 arg1 drugs 592:596 these drugs 586:596 these drugs 586:596 By analyzing the composition and efficacy of Chinese herbal extracts, it can be seen that these drugs have obvious effect on improving immunity. 29084659 4 38 contain have 598:601 arg2 effect 611:616 obvious effect 603:616 obvious effect 603:616 By analyzing the composition and efficacy of Chinese herbal extracts, it can be seen that these drugs have obvious effect on improving immunity. 29084659 1 39 theme blood 213:217 arg1 systems 231:237 blood circulation systems 213:237 blood circulation systems 213:237 Bacopa monnieri has effect on the nervous system, digestive system and blood circulation systems. 29084659 5 40 theme exercise 864:871 arg1 capacity 873:880 exercise capacity 864:880 exercise capacity 864:880 Experimental results show that the agent can increase the liver glycogen energy reserves, reduce Bla and BUN levels, balance and energy metabolism of muscle cells in the environment, it plays a positive role to improve the exercise capacity and exercise fatigue. 29084659 2 41 dep function 384:391 arg1 promote 370:376 promote 370:376 promote 370:376 In this paper, the authors conducted pharmacological analysis on Bacopa monniera and its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function. 29084659 3 42 theme movement 477:484 arg1 function 486:493 the movement function 473:493 the movement function 473:493 The extract of the drug has some effect on relieving the fatigue and providing the movement function. 29084659 1 43 theme circulation 219:229 arg1 systems 231:237 blood circulation systems 213:237 blood circulation systems 213:237 Bacopa monnieri has effect on the nervous system, digestive system and blood circulation systems. 29084659 0 44 theme L. 72:73 arg1 health 75:80 synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health 46:80 synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue 46:139 Pharmaceutical composition and drug effect of synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue. 29084659 2 45 theme motor 378:382 arg1 function 384:391 promote motor function 370:391 promote motor function 370:391 In this paper, the authors conducted pharmacological analysis on Bacopa monniera and its innovative pharmaceutical preparation of promote motor function. 29084659 4 46 theme obvious 603:609 arg1 effect 611:616 obvious effect 603:616 obvious effect 603:616 By analyzing the composition and efficacy of Chinese herbal extracts, it can be seen that these drugs have obvious effect on improving immunity. 29084659 0 47 theme monnieri 63:70 arg1 health 75:80 synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health 46:80 synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue 46:139 Pharmaceutical composition and drug effect of synthetic Bacopa monnieri L. health promoting agent from the perspective of resistance fatigue. 28587122 3 0 theme C-containing 319:330 arg1 propolis 348:355 artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis 308:355 artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis 308:355 Cell culture studies have indicated that artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 8 1 theme < 1062:1062 arg1 p 1060:1060 p < 0.001 1060:1068 p < 0.001 1060:1068 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 8 2 theme expression 960:969 arg1 levels 971:976 the gene expression levels 951:976 the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, 951:1038 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 3 3 theme Brazilian 332:340 arg1 propolis 348:355 artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis 308:355 artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis 308:355 Cell culture studies have indicated that artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 11 4 theme antioxidant 1566:1576 arg1 activity 1578:1585 anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity 1539:1585 anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity in mouse liver 1539:1600 Overall, the present data suggest that dietary GPSE-γCD exhibits anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity in mouse liver in vivo. 28587122 8 5 theme gene 955:958 arg1 levels 971:976 the gene expression levels 951:976 the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, 951:1038 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 7 6 dep downregulated 856:868 arg1 < 873:873 p < 0.05 871:878 p < 0.05 871:878 However, mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in these mice compared to those in the WTD-fed controls. 28587122 1 7 theme chronic 162:168 arg1 inflammation 170:181 chronic inflammation 162:181 chronic inflammation 162:181 Ageing is often accompanied by chronic inflammation. 28587122 7 8 theme factor 828:833 arg1 levels 798:803 mRNA levels 793:803 mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α 793:835 However, mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in these mice compared to those in the WTD-fed controls. 28587122 10 9 theme glutamate 1392:1400 arg1 ligase 1411:1416 glutamate cysteine ligase 1392:1416 glutamate cysteine ligase 1392:1416 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 5 10 theme green 585:589 arg1 GPSE 623:626 GPSE 623:626 GPSE 623:626 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 5 10 theme green 585:589 arg1 extract 614:620 Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract 575:620 Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks 575:695 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 6 11 theme mice 778:781 arg1 intake 731:736 food intake 726:736 food intake 726:736 GPSE-γCD did not affect the food intake, body weight or body composition of the mice. 28587122 6 11 theme mice 778:781 arg1 weight 744:749 body weight 739:749 body weight 739:749 GPSE-γCD did not affect the food intake, body weight or body composition of the mice. 28587122 6 11 theme mice 778:781 arg1 composition 759:769 body composition 754:769 body composition 754:769 GPSE-γCD did not affect the food intake, body weight or body composition of the mice. 28587122 9 12 theme anti-inflammatory 1215:1231 arg1 properties 1233:1242 its anti-inflammatory properties 1211:1242 its anti-inflammatory properties 1211:1242 GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 10 13 theme endogenous 1299:1308 arg1 defence 1322:1328 endogenous antioxidant defence 1299:1328 endogenous antioxidant defence 1299:1328 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 4 14 theme anti-inflammatory 435:451 arg1 potential 453:461 its anti-inflammatory potential 431:461 its anti-inflammatory potential in mouse liver 431:476 However, little is known regarding its anti-inflammatory potential in mouse liver in vivo. 28587122 5 15 theme C57BL/6NRj 509:518 arg1 mice 530:533 female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice 502:533 female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice 502:533 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 0 16 theme Western-Type 112:123 arg1 Diet 125:128 a Western-Type Diet 110:128 a Western-Type Diet 110:128 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis Encapsulated in a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. 28587122 7 17 theme tumour 812:817 arg1 factor 828:833 the tumour necrosis factor α 808:835 the tumour necrosis factor α 808:835 However, mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in these mice compared to those in the WTD-fed controls. 28587122 8 18 theme pro-inflammatory 987:1002 arg1 P 1037:1037 serum amyloid P 1023:1037 serum amyloid P 1023:1037 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 8 18 theme pro-inflammatory 987:1002 arg1 markers 1004:1010 other pro-inflammatory markers 981:1010 other pro-inflammatory markers 981:1010 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 10 19 theme antioxidant 1310:1320 arg1 defence 1322:1328 endogenous antioxidant defence 1299:1328 endogenous antioxidant defence 1299:1328 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 5 20 theme wild-type 520:528 arg1 mice 530:533 female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice 502:533 female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice 502:533 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 3 21 theme anti-inflammatory 366:382 arg1 properties 384:393 anti-inflammatory properties 366:393 anti-inflammatory properties 366:393 Cell culture studies have indicated that artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 6 22 theme body 754:757 arg1 composition 759:769 body composition 754:769 body composition 754:769 GPSE-γCD did not affect the food intake, body weight or body composition of the mice. 28587122 5 23 theme Brazilian 575:583 arg1 GPSE 623:626 GPSE 623:626 GPSE 623:626 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 5 23 theme Brazilian 575:583 arg1 extract 614:620 Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract 575:620 Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks 575:695 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 8 24 dep significantly 1045:1057 arg1 p 1060:1060 p < 0.001 1060:1068 p < 0.001 1060:1068 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 5 25 dep WTD 671:673 arg1 a 669:669 a 669:669 a 669:669 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 3 26 theme green 342:346 arg1 propolis 348:355 artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis 308:355 artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis 308:355 Cell culture studies have indicated that artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 8 27 theme serum 1023:1027 arg1 P 1037:1037 serum amyloid P 1023:1037 serum amyloid P 1023:1037 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 0 28 theme Anti-Inflammatory 0:16 arg1 Properties 18:27 Anti-Inflammatory Properties 0:27 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis 0:55 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis Encapsulated in a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. 28587122 11 29 from activity 1578:1585 arg1 liver 1596:1600 mouse liver 1590:1600 mouse liver 1590:1600 Overall, the present data suggest that dietary GPSE-γCD exhibits anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity in mouse liver in vivo. 28587122 8 30 theme markers 1004:1010 arg1 levels 971:976 the gene expression levels 951:976 the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, 951:1038 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 5 31 theme propolis 591:598 arg1 GPSE 623:626 GPSE 623:626 GPSE 623:626 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 5 31 theme propolis 591:598 arg1 extract 614:620 Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract 575:620 Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks 575:695 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 10 32 theme nuclear 1422:1428 arg1 Nrf2 1467:1470 Nrf2 1467:1470 Nrf2 1467:1470 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 10 32 theme nuclear 1422:1428 arg1 factor-2 1457:1464 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 1422:1464 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) 1422:1471 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 7 33 theme mRNA 793:796 arg1 levels 798:803 mRNA levels 793:803 mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α 793:835 However, mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in these mice compared to those in the WTD-fed controls. 28587122 9 34 theme p 1176:1176 arg1 < 1178:1178 p < 0.01 1176:1183 p < 0.01 1176:1183 GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 9 34 theme p 1176:1176 arg1 expression 1164:1173 hepatic ferritin gene expression 1142:1173 hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01) 1142:1184 GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 0 35 theme Brazilian 32:40 arg1 Propolis 48:55 Brazilian Green Propolis 32:55 Brazilian Green Propolis 32:55 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis Encapsulated in a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. 28587122 9 36 theme gene 1159:1162 arg1 < 1178:1178 p < 0.01 1176:1183 p < 0.01 1176:1183 GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 9 36 theme gene 1159:1162 arg1 expression 1164:1173 hepatic ferritin gene expression 1142:1173 hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01) 1142:1184 GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 3 37 theme culture 272:278 arg1 studies 280:286 Cell culture studies 267:286 Cell culture studies 267:286 Cell culture studies have indicated that artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 5 38 theme supercritical 600:612 arg1 GPSE 623:626 GPSE 623:626 GPSE 623:626 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 5 38 theme supercritical 600:612 arg1 extract 614:620 Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract 575:620 Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks 575:695 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 10 39 theme cysteine 1402:1409 arg1 ligase 1411:1416 glutamate cysteine ligase 1392:1416 glutamate cysteine ligase 1392:1416 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 11 40 theme dietary 1513:1519 arg1 GPSE-γCD 1521:1528 dietary GPSE-γCD 1513:1528 dietary GPSE-γCD 1513:1528 Overall, the present data suggest that dietary GPSE-γCD exhibits anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity in mouse liver in vivo. 28587122 10 41 theme 2-related 1447:1455 arg1 Nrf2 1467:1470 Nrf2 1467:1470 Nrf2 1467:1470 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 10 41 theme 2-related 1447:1455 arg1 factor-2 1457:1464 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 1422:1464 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) 1422:1471 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 2 42 theme fat- 186:189 arg1 WTD 225:227 WTD 225:227 WTD 225:227 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) may accelerate the ageing phenotype. 28587122 2 42 theme fat- 186:189 arg1 diet 219:222 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet 184:222 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) 184:228 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) may accelerate the ageing phenotype. 28587122 12 43 theme hepatoprotective 1666:1681 arg1 compound 1693:1700 a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound 1656:1700 a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation 1656:1761 Thus, GPSE-γCD has the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation. 28587122 10 44 theme glutathione 1351:1361 arg1 peroxidase-4 1363:1374 glutathione peroxidase-4 1351:1374 glutathione peroxidase-4 1351:1374 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 0 45 theme Propolis 48:55 arg1 Properties 18:27 Anti-Inflammatory Properties 0:27 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis 0:55 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis Encapsulated in a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. 28587122 7 46 theme necrosis 819:826 arg1 factor 828:833 the tumour necrosis factor α 808:835 the tumour necrosis factor α 808:835 However, mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in these mice compared to those in the WTD-fed controls. 28587122 10 47 theme erythroid 1437:1445 arg1 Nrf2 1467:1470 Nrf2 1467:1470 Nrf2 1467:1470 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 10 47 theme erythroid 1437:1445 arg1 factor-2 1457:1464 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 1422:1464 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) 1422:1471 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 0 48 from Complex 90:96 arg1 Mice 101:104 Mice 101:104 Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet 101:128 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis Encapsulated in a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. 28587122 5 49 theme female 502:507 arg1 mice 530:533 female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice 502:533 female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice 502:533 In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. 28587122 11 50 theme present 1487:1493 arg1 data 1495:1498 the present data 1483:1498 the present data 1483:1498 Overall, the present data suggest that dietary GPSE-γCD exhibits anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity in mouse liver in vivo. 28587122 0 51 theme Green 42:46 arg1 Propolis 48:55 Brazilian Green Propolis 32:55 Brazilian Green Propolis 32:55 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis Encapsulated in a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. 28587122 3 52 theme Cell 267:270 arg1 studies 280:286 Cell culture studies 267:286 Cell culture studies 267:286 Cell culture studies have indicated that artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 11 53 theme mouse 1590:1594 arg1 liver 1596:1600 mouse liver 1590:1600 mouse liver 1590:1600 Overall, the present data suggest that dietary GPSE-γCD exhibits anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity in mouse liver in vivo. 28587122 10 54 theme factor 1430:1435 arg1 Nrf2 1467:1470 Nrf2 1467:1470 Nrf2 1467:1470 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 10 54 theme factor 1430:1435 arg1 factor-2 1457:1464 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 1422:1464 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) 1422:1471 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 6 55 theme body 739:742 arg1 weight 744:749 body weight 739:749 body weight 739:749 GPSE-γCD did not affect the food intake, body weight or body composition of the mice. 28587122 8 56 theme GPSE-γCD 1091:1098 arg1 treatment 1100:1108 GPSE-γCD treatment 1091:1108 GPSE-γCD treatment 1091:1108 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 12 57 contain has 1626:1628 arg1 GPSE-γCD 1617:1624 GPSE-γCD 1617:1624 GPSE-γCD 1617:1624 Thus, GPSE-γCD has the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation. 28587122 12 57 contain has 1626:1628 arg2 potential 1634:1642 the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation 1630:1761 the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation 1630:1761 Thus, GPSE-γCD has the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation. 28587122 12 58 theme dietary-mediated 1706:1721 arg1 strategies 1723:1732 dietary-mediated strategies 1706:1732 dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation 1706:1761 Thus, GPSE-γCD has the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation. 28587122 8 59 theme amyloid 1029:1035 arg1 P 1037:1037 serum amyloid P 1023:1037 serum amyloid P 1023:1037 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 3 60 theme artepillin 308:317 arg1 propolis 348:355 artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis 308:355 artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis 308:355 Cell culture studies have indicated that artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 8 61 theme other 981:985 arg1 P 1037:1037 serum amyloid P 1023:1037 serum amyloid P 1023:1037 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 8 61 theme other 981:985 arg1 markers 1004:1010 other pro-inflammatory markers 981:1010 other pro-inflammatory markers 981:1010 Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. 28587122 11 62 theme anti-inflammatory 1539:1555 arg1 activity 1578:1585 anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity 1539:1585 anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity in mouse liver 1539:1600 Overall, the present data suggest that dietary GPSE-γCD exhibits anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity in mouse liver in vivo. 28587122 7 63 theme p 871:871 arg1 < 873:873 p < 0.05 871:878 p < 0.05 871:878 However, mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in these mice compared to those in the WTD-fed controls. 28587122 12 64 theme bioactive 1683:1691 arg1 compound 1693:1700 a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound 1656:1700 a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation 1656:1761 Thus, GPSE-γCD has the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation. 28587122 2 65 theme Western-type 206:217 arg1 WTD 225:227 WTD 225:227 WTD 225:227 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) may accelerate the ageing phenotype. 28587122 2 65 theme Western-type 206:217 arg1 diet 219:222 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet 184:222 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) 184:228 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) may accelerate the ageing phenotype. 28587122 6 66 theme food 726:729 arg1 intake 731:736 food intake 726:736 food intake 726:736 GPSE-γCD did not affect the food intake, body weight or body composition of the mice. 28587122 9 67 theme hepatic 1142:1148 arg1 < 1178:1178 p < 0.01 1176:1183 p < 0.01 1176:1183 GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 9 67 theme hepatic 1142:1148 arg1 expression 1164:1173 hepatic ferritin gene expression 1142:1173 hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01) 1142:1184 GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 9 68 dep induced 1134:1140 arg1 contribute 1197:1206 contribute 1197:1206 may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties 1193:1242 GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 4 69 from potential 453:461 arg1 liver 472:476 mouse liver 466:476 mouse liver 466:476 However, little is known regarding its anti-inflammatory potential in mouse liver in vivo. 28587122 2 70 theme sugar-rich 195:204 arg1 WTD 225:227 WTD 225:227 WTD 225:227 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) may accelerate the ageing phenotype. 28587122 2 70 theme sugar-rich 195:204 arg1 diet 219:222 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet 184:222 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) 184:228 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) may accelerate the ageing phenotype. 28587122 2 71 theme ageing 249:254 arg1 phenotype 256:264 the ageing phenotype 245:264 the ageing phenotype 245:264 A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) may accelerate the ageing phenotype. 28587122 7 72 theme WTD-fed 920:926 arg1 controls 928:935 the WTD-fed controls 916:935 the WTD-fed controls 916:935 However, mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in these mice compared to those in the WTD-fed controls. 28587122 0 73 theme γ-Cyclodextrin 75:88 arg1 Complex 90:96 a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex 73:96 a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet 73:128 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis Encapsulated in a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. 28587122 4 74 theme mouse 466:470 arg1 liver 472:476 mouse liver 466:476 mouse liver 466:476 However, little is known regarding its anti-inflammatory potential in mouse liver in vivo. 28587122 12 75 theme chronic 1742:1748 arg1 inflammation 1750:1761 chronic inflammation 1742:1761 chronic inflammation 1742:1761 Thus, GPSE-γCD has the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation. 28587122 10 76 theme defence 1322:1328 arg1 paraoxonase-1 1377:1389 paraoxonase-1 1377:1389 paraoxonase-1 1377:1389 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 10 76 theme defence 1322:1328 arg1 biomarkers 1285:1294 the biomarkers 1281:1294 the biomarkers 1281:1294 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 10 76 theme defence 1322:1328 arg1 catalase 1341:1348 catalase 1341:1348 catalase 1341:1348 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 10 76 theme defence 1322:1328 arg1 factor-2 1457:1464 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 1422:1464 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) 1422:1471 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 10 76 theme defence 1322:1328 arg1 peroxidase-4 1363:1374 glutathione peroxidase-4 1351:1374 glutathione peroxidase-4 1351:1374 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 10 76 theme defence 1322:1328 arg1 ligase 1411:1416 glutamate cysteine ligase 1392:1416 glutamate cysteine ligase 1392:1416 Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 28587122 9 77 theme ferritin 1150:1157 arg1 < 1178:1178 p < 0.01 1176:1183 p < 0.01 1176:1183 GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 9 77 theme ferritin 1150:1157 arg1 expression 1164:1173 hepatic ferritin gene expression 1142:1173 hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01) 1142:1184 GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. 28587122 12 78 theme natural 1658:1664 arg1 compound 1693:1700 a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound 1656:1700 a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation 1656:1761 Thus, GPSE-γCD has the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation. 24104688 2 0 with connection 385:394 arg1 hydrolysis 411:420 enzymatic hydrolysis 401:420 enzymatic hydrolysis 401:420 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 6 1 theme yield 717:721 arg1 % 806:806 34.1 % 801:806 34.1 % 801:806 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse was 34.1 %. 24104688 6 1 theme yield 717:721 arg1 difference 723:732 The combined sugar yield difference 698:732 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse 698:795 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse was 34.1 %. 24104688 10 2 from study 1213:1217 arg1 results 1195:1201 The results 1191:1201 The results from this study 1191:1217 The results from this study support the possibility of increasing sugar yields or improving the conversion efficiency when pretreatment optimization is performed on varieties with improved properties. 24104688 1 3 theme pretreatment 257:268 arg1 conditions 270:279 pretreatment conditions 257:279 pretreatment conditions 257:279 Increasing fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass depends strongly on optimal selection of varieties and optimization of pretreatment conditions. 24104688 2 4 theme sugarcane 355:363 arg1 bagasse 325:331 bagasse 325:331 bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane 325:363 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 3 5 from bagasse 541:547 arg1 results 517:523 the results 513:523 the results from industrial bagasse 513:547 The CSY from the varieties were also compared with the results from industrial bagasse. 24104688 1 6 theme conditions 270:279 arg1 optimization 241:252 optimization 241:252 optimization of pretreatment conditions 241:279 Increasing fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass depends strongly on optimal selection of varieties and optimization of pretreatment conditions. 24104688 1 6 theme conditions 270:279 arg1 selection 214:222 optimal selection 206:222 optimal selection of varieties 206:235 Increasing fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass depends strongly on optimal selection of varieties and optimization of pretreatment conditions. 24104688 2 7 theme dilute 297:302 arg1 pretreatment 309:320 dilute acid pretreatment 297:320 dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane 297:363 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 9 8 theme biomass 1182:1188 arg1 composition 1167:1177 chemical composition 1158:1177 chemical composition of biomass 1158:1188 This observation suggests that under less severe conditions the glucose recovery was largely determined by chemical composition of biomass. 24104688 8 9 theme severe 1033:1038 arg1 condition 1040:1048 severe condition 1033:1048 severe condition 1033:1048 At mild pretreatment conditions, the differences in bioconversion efficiency between varieties were greater than at severe condition. 24104688 6 10 theme sugar 711:715 arg1 % 806:806 34.1 % 801:806 34.1 % 801:806 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse was 34.1 %. 24104688 6 10 theme sugar 711:715 arg1 difference 723:732 The combined sugar yield difference 698:732 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse 698:795 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse was 34.1 %. 24104688 8 11 from differences 954:964 arg1 efficiency 983:992 bioconversion efficiency 969:992 bioconversion efficiency 969:992 At mild pretreatment conditions, the differences in bioconversion efficiency between varieties were greater than at severe condition. 24104688 0 12 theme ethanol 110:116 arg1 production 118:127 ethanol production 110:127 ethanol production 110:127 Optimization of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production. 24104688 7 13 theme low 851:853 arg1 content 859:865 low ash content 851:865 low ash content 851:865 High ratio of carbohydrates to lignin and low ash content favored the release of sugar from the substrates. 24104688 10 14 theme pretreatment 1314:1325 arg1 optimization 1327:1338 pretreatment optimization 1314:1338 pretreatment optimization 1314:1338 The results from this study support the possibility of increasing sugar yields or improving the conversion efficiency when pretreatment optimization is performed on varieties with improved properties. 24104688 2 15 theme combined 434:441 arg1 CSY 456:458 CSY 456:458 CSY 456:458 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 2 15 theme combined 434:441 arg1 yield 449:453 maximum combined sugar yield 426:453 maximum combined sugar yield (CSY) 426:459 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 6 16 theme combined 702:709 arg1 % 806:806 34.1 % 801:806 34.1 % 801:806 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse was 34.1 %. 24104688 6 16 theme combined 702:709 arg1 difference 723:732 The combined sugar yield difference 698:732 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse 698:795 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse was 34.1 %. 24104688 4 17 from differences 584:594 arg1 CSY 599:601 CSY 599:601 CSY 599:601 The results revealed considerable differences in CSY between the varieties. 24104688 5 18 dep % 637:637 arg1 22.7 632:635 22.7 632:635 22.7 632:635 Up to 22.7 % differences in CSY at the optimal conditions was observed. 24104688 3 19 theme industrial 530:539 arg1 bagasse 541:547 industrial bagasse 530:547 industrial bagasse 530:547 The CSY from the varieties were also compared with the results from industrial bagasse. 24104688 1 20 theme biomass 178:184 arg1 gram 170:173 gram 170:173 gram of biomass 170:184 Increasing fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass depends strongly on optimal selection of varieties and optimization of pretreatment conditions. 24104688 3 21 from varieties 479:487 arg1 CSY 466:468 The CSY 462:468 The CSY from the varieties 462:487 The CSY from the varieties were also compared with the results from industrial bagasse. 24104688 2 22 theme bagasse 325:331 arg1 pretreatment 309:320 dilute acid pretreatment 297:320 dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane 297:363 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 9 23 theme severe 1093:1098 arg1 conditions 1100:1109 less severe conditions 1088:1109 less severe conditions 1088:1109 This observation suggests that under less severe conditions the glucose recovery was largely determined by chemical composition of biomass. 24104688 10 24 with varieties 1356:1364 arg1 properties 1380:1389 improved properties 1371:1389 improved properties 1371:1389 The results from this study support the possibility of increasing sugar yields or improving the conversion efficiency when pretreatment optimization is performed on varieties with improved properties. 24104688 6 25 theme industrial 778:787 arg1 bagasse 789:795 the industrial bagasse 774:795 the industrial bagasse 774:795 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse was 34.1 %. 24104688 7 26 theme carbohydrates 823:835 arg1 ratio 814:818 High ratio 809:818 High ratio of carbohydrates to lignin and low ash content 809:865 High ratio of carbohydrates to lignin and low ash content favored the release of sugar from the substrates. 24104688 0 27 theme sulfuric 23:30 arg1 acid 32:35 dilute sulfuric acid 16:35 dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment 16:48 Optimization of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production. 24104688 5 28 from differences 639:649 arg1 CSY 654:656 CSY 654:656 CSY 654:656 Up to 22.7 % differences in CSY at the optimal conditions was observed. 24104688 2 29 from varieties 342:350 arg1 pretreatment 309:320 dilute acid pretreatment 297:320 dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane 297:363 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 2 29 from varieties 342:350 arg1 bagasse 325:331 bagasse 325:331 bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane 325:363 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 2 30 theme sugar 443:447 arg1 CSY 456:458 CSY 456:458 CSY 456:458 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 2 30 theme sugar 443:447 arg1 yield 449:453 maximum combined sugar yield 426:453 maximum combined sugar yield (CSY) 426:459 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 0 31 theme dilute 16:21 arg1 acid 32:35 dilute sulfuric acid 16:35 dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment 16:48 Optimization of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production. 24104688 4 32 theme considerable 571:582 arg1 differences 584:594 considerable differences 571:594 considerable differences in CSY between the varieties 571:623 The results revealed considerable differences in CSY between the varieties. 24104688 8 33 theme mild 920:923 arg1 conditions 938:947 mild pretreatment conditions 920:947 mild pretreatment conditions 920:947 At mild pretreatment conditions, the differences in bioconversion efficiency between varieties were greater than at severe condition. 24104688 2 34 theme acid 304:307 arg1 pretreatment 309:320 dilute acid pretreatment 297:320 dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane 297:363 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 9 35 theme glucose 1115:1121 arg1 recovery 1123:1130 the glucose recovery 1111:1130 the glucose recovery 1111:1130 This observation suggests that under less severe conditions the glucose recovery was largely determined by chemical composition of biomass. 24104688 1 36 theme optimal 206:212 arg1 selection 214:222 optimal selection 206:222 optimal selection of varieties 206:235 Increasing fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass depends strongly on optimal selection of varieties and optimization of pretreatment conditions. 24104688 0 37 theme pretreatment 37:48 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane 0:96 Optimization of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production. 24104688 7 38 theme ash 855:857 arg1 content 859:865 low ash content 851:865 low ash content 851:865 High ratio of carbohydrates to lignin and low ash content favored the release of sugar from the substrates. 24104688 7 39 theme sugar 890:894 arg1 release 879:885 the release 875:885 the release of sugar from the substrates 875:914 High ratio of carbohydrates to lignin and low ash content favored the release of sugar from the substrates. 24104688 2 40 theme maximum 426:432 arg1 CSY 456:458 CSY 456:458 CSY 456:458 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 2 40 theme maximum 426:432 arg1 yield 449:453 maximum combined sugar yield 426:453 maximum combined sugar yield (CSY) 426:459 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 0 41 theme acid 32:35 arg1 pretreatment 37:48 dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment 16:48 dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment 16:48 Optimization of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production. 24104688 5 42 dep differences 639:649 arg1 % 637:637 % 637:637 % 637:637 Up to 22.7 % differences in CSY at the optimal conditions was observed. 24104688 5 43 theme optimal 665:671 arg1 conditions 673:682 the optimal conditions 661:682 the optimal conditions 661:682 Up to 22.7 % differences in CSY at the optimal conditions was observed. 24104688 7 44 theme High 809:812 arg1 ratio 814:818 High ratio 809:818 High ratio of carbohydrates to lignin and low ash content 809:865 High ratio of carbohydrates to lignin and low ash content favored the release of sugar from the substrates. 24104688 10 45 theme improved 1371:1378 arg1 properties 1380:1389 improved properties 1371:1389 improved properties 1371:1389 The results from this study support the possibility of increasing sugar yields or improving the conversion efficiency when pretreatment optimization is performed on varieties with improved properties. 24104688 7 46 from substrates 905:914 arg1 release 879:885 the release 875:885 the release of sugar from the substrates 875:914 High ratio of carbohydrates to lignin and low ash content favored the release of sugar from the substrates. 24104688 5 47 dep 22.7 632:635 arg1 to 629:630 to 629:630 to 629:630 Up to 22.7 % differences in CSY at the optimal conditions was observed. 24104688 6 48 theme performing 751:760 arg1 variety 762:768 the best performing variety 742:768 the best performing variety 742:768 The combined sugar yield difference between the best performing variety and the industrial bagasse was 34.1 %. 24104688 10 49 theme sugar 1257:1261 arg1 yields 1263:1268 sugar yields 1257:1268 sugar yields 1257:1268 The results from this study support the possibility of increasing sugar yields or improving the conversion efficiency when pretreatment optimization is performed on varieties with improved properties. 24104688 8 50 theme bioconversion 969:981 arg1 efficiency 983:992 bioconversion efficiency 969:992 bioconversion efficiency 969:992 At mild pretreatment conditions, the differences in bioconversion efficiency between varieties were greater than at severe condition. 24104688 1 51 theme varieties 227:235 arg1 optimization 241:252 optimization 241:252 optimization of pretreatment conditions 241:279 Increasing fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass depends strongly on optimal selection of varieties and optimization of pretreatment conditions. 24104688 1 51 theme varieties 227:235 arg1 selection 214:222 optimal selection 206:222 optimal selection of varieties 206:235 Increasing fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass depends strongly on optimal selection of varieties and optimization of pretreatment conditions. 24104688 10 52 theme conversion 1287:1296 arg1 efficiency 1298:1307 the conversion efficiency 1283:1307 the conversion efficiency 1283:1307 The results from this study support the possibility of increasing sugar yields or improving the conversion efficiency when pretreatment optimization is performed on varieties with improved properties. 24104688 9 53 theme chemical 1158:1165 arg1 composition 1167:1177 chemical composition 1158:1177 chemical composition of biomass 1158:1188 This observation suggests that under less severe conditions the glucose recovery was largely determined by chemical composition of biomass. 24104688 1 54 theme fermentable 141:151 arg1 yields 159:164 fermentable sugar yields 141:164 fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass 141:184 Increasing fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass depends strongly on optimal selection of varieties and optimization of pretreatment conditions. 24104688 0 55 theme sugar 71:75 arg1 yield 77:81 combined sugar yield 62:81 combined sugar yield from sugarcane 62:96 Optimization of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production. 24104688 0 56 from sugarcane 88:96 arg1 yield 77:81 combined sugar yield 62:81 combined sugar yield from sugarcane 62:96 Optimization of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production. 24104688 8 57 theme pretreatment 925:936 arg1 conditions 938:947 mild pretreatment conditions 920:947 mild pretreatment conditions 920:947 At mild pretreatment conditions, the differences in bioconversion efficiency between varieties were greater than at severe condition. 24104688 1 58 theme sugar 153:157 arg1 yields 159:164 fermentable sugar yields 141:164 fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass 141:184 Increasing fermentable sugar yields per gram of biomass depends strongly on optimal selection of varieties and optimization of pretreatment conditions. 24104688 2 59 theme enzymatic 401:409 arg1 hydrolysis 411:420 enzymatic hydrolysis 401:420 enzymatic hydrolysis 401:420 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 0 60 theme combined 62:69 arg1 yield 77:81 combined sugar yield 62:81 combined sugar yield from sugarcane 62:96 Optimization of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production. 24104688 0 61 dep Optimization 0:11 arg1 maximize 53:60 maximize 53:60 to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane 50:96 Optimization of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment to maximize combined sugar yield from sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production. 24104688 2 62 from pretreatment 309:320 arg1 varieties 342:350 six varieties 338:350 six varieties 338:350 In this study, dilute acid pretreatment of bagasse from six varieties of sugarcane was investigated in connection with enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum combined sugar yield (CSY). 24104688 5 63 from conditions 673:682 arg1 differences 639:649 Up to 22.7 % differences 626:649 Up to 22.7 % differences in CSY at the optimal conditions 626:682 Up to 22.7 % differences in CSY at the optimal conditions was observed. 26252890 10 0 theme pDC 1646:1648 arg1 depletion 1650:1658 pDC depletion 1646:1658 pDC depletion 1646:1658 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 11 1 from response 1924:1931 arg1 iALI 1936:1939 iALI 1936:1939 iALI 1936:1939 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 10 2 theme lung 1681:1684 arg1 iALI 1694:1697 iALI 1694:1697 iALI 1694:1697 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 10 2 theme lung 1681:1684 arg1 injury 1686:1691 indirect acute lung injury 1666:1691 an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model 1663:1704 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 9 3 from differences 1441:1451 arg1 development 1479:1489 atherosclerotic lesion development 1456:1489 atherosclerotic lesion development 1456:1489 Despite short-term, but efficient pDC depletion, we observed no differences in atherosclerotic lesion development, but changes in inflammatory cytokine titers. 26252890 3 4 theme precise 389:395 arg1 involvement 397:407 their precise involvement 383:407 their precise involvement 383:407 However, their precise involvement, particularly in advanced lesion development, remains elusive. 26252890 4 5 theme Apolipoprotein 637:650 arg1 E 652:652 Apolipoprotein E 637:652 Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice 637:677 Hence, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression by specifically depleting this cell population using the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice. 26252890 10 6 theme indirect 1666:1673 arg1 iALI 1694:1697 iALI 1694:1697 iALI 1694:1697 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 10 6 theme indirect 1666:1673 arg1 injury 1686:1691 indirect acute lung injury 1666:1691 an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model 1663:1704 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 12 7 theme pDC 2017:2019 arg1 depletion 2021:2029 efficient pDC depletion 2007:2029 efficient pDC depletion 2007:2029 CONCLUSION Taken together, the BDCA2-DTR mouse model only allows efficient pDC depletion for one week, which subsequently restricts its usability to more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models. 26252890 9 8 theme short-term 1385:1394 arg1 depletion 1415:1423 short-term, but efficient pDC depletion 1385:1423 short-term, but efficient pDC depletion 1385:1423 Despite short-term, but efficient pDC depletion, we observed no differences in atherosclerotic lesion development, but changes in inflammatory cytokine titers. 26252890 6 9 theme cell 930:933 arg1 numbers 935:941 increased B cell numbers 918:941 increased B cell numbers 918:941 Instead, these mice displayed increased B cell numbers and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines. 26252890 4 10 theme mouse 617:621 arg1 model 623:627 the BDCA2-DTR mouse model 603:627 the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice 603:677 Hence, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression by specifically depleting this cell population using the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice. 26252890 6 11 theme increased 918:926 arg1 numbers 935:941 increased B cell numbers 918:941 increased B cell numbers 918:941 Instead, these mice displayed increased B cell numbers and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines. 26252890 8 12 theme feeding 1368:1374 arg1 week 1348:1351 the last week 1339:1351 the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding 1339:1374 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 8 13 theme carotid 1232:1238 arg1 ligation 1240:1247 partial carotid ligation 1224:1247 partial carotid ligation 1224:1247 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 7 14 theme complete 1034:1041 arg1 depletion 1047:1055 complete pDC depletion 1034:1055 complete pDC depletion 1034:1055 Analysis of depletion efficiency showed that complete pDC depletion could only be sustained for one week and reoccurring pDCs sorted after 4 weeks did not express DTR anymore. 26252890 11 15 theme pro-inflammatory 1873:1888 arg1 role 1890:1893 a pro-inflammatory role 1871:1893 a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI 1871:1939 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 9 16 theme pDC 1411:1413 arg1 depletion 1415:1423 short-term, but efficient pDC depletion 1385:1423 short-term, but efficient pDC depletion 1385:1423 Despite short-term, but efficient pDC depletion, we observed no differences in atherosclerotic lesion development, but changes in inflammatory cytokine titers. 26252890 12 17 theme mouse 1983:1987 arg1 model 1989:1993 the BDCA2-DTR mouse model 1969:1993 the BDCA2-DTR mouse model 1969:1993 CONCLUSION Taken together, the BDCA2-DTR mouse model only allows efficient pDC depletion for one week, which subsequently restricts its usability to more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models. 26252890 11 18 theme efficient 1718:1726 arg1 depletion 1732:1740 efficient pDC depletion 1718:1740 efficient pDC depletion 1718:1740 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 1 19 theme dendritic 119:127 arg1 cells 129:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 86:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) 86:140 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 19 theme dendritic 119:127 arg1 subset 154:159 a small subset 146:159 a small subset of dendritic cells 146:178 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 19 theme dendritic 119:127 arg1 pDCs 136:139 pDCs 136:139 pDCs 136:139 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 8 20 theme established 1259:1269 arg1 lesions 1271:1277 established lesions 1259:1277 established lesions 1259:1277 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 9 21 theme inflammatory 1507:1518 arg1 titers 1529:1534 inflammatory cytokine titers 1507:1534 inflammatory cytokine titers 1507:1534 Despite short-term, but efficient pDC depletion, we observed no differences in atherosclerotic lesion development, but changes in inflammatory cytokine titers. 26252890 7 22 theme depletion 1001:1009 arg1 efficiency 1011:1020 depletion efficiency 1001:1020 depletion efficiency 1001:1020 Analysis of depletion efficiency showed that complete pDC depletion could only be sustained for one week and reoccurring pDCs sorted after 4 weeks did not express DTR anymore. 26252890 11 23 theme immune 1917:1922 arg1 response 1924:1931 the innate immune response 1906:1931 the innate immune response in iALI 1906:1939 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 9 24 from changes 1496:1502 arg1 titers 1529:1534 inflammatory cytokine titers 1507:1534 inflammatory cytokine titers 1507:1534 Despite short-term, but efficient pDC depletion, we observed no differences in atherosclerotic lesion development, but changes in inflammatory cytokine titers. 26252890 11 25 theme LPS 1844:1846 arg1 challenge 1848:1856 LPS challenge 1844:1856 LPS challenge 1844:1856 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 5 26 theme diphtheria 737:746 arg1 depletion 766:774 continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion 726:774 continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks 726:844 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 6 27 theme inflammatory 965:976 arg1 cytokines 978:986 inflammatory cytokines 965:986 inflammatory cytokines 965:986 Instead, these mice displayed increased B cell numbers and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines. 26252890 0 28 theme Acute 66:70 arg1 Inflammation 72:83 Chronic and Acute Inflammation 54:83 Chronic and Acute Inflammation 54:83 Evaluation of the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model in Chronic and Acute Inflammation. 26252890 5 29 from depletion 766:774 arg1 mice 797:800 Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice 779:800 Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks 779:844 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 9 30 theme atherosclerotic 1456:1470 arg1 development 1479:1489 atherosclerotic lesion development 1456:1489 atherosclerotic lesion development 1456:1489 Despite short-term, but efficient pDC depletion, we observed no differences in atherosclerotic lesion development, but changes in inflammatory cytokine titers. 26252890 0 31 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 Inflammation 72:83 Chronic and Acute Inflammation 54:83 Chronic and Acute Inflammation 54:83 Evaluation of the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model in Chronic and Acute Inflammation. 26252890 8 32 theme HFD 1296:1298 arg1 feeding 1300:1306 HFD feeding 1296:1306 HFD feeding 1296:1306 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 1 33 theme AIMS 101:104 arg1 cells 129:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 86:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) 86:140 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 33 theme AIMS 101:104 arg1 subset 154:159 a small subset 146:159 a small subset of dendritic cells 146:178 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 33 theme AIMS 101:104 arg1 pDCs 136:139 pDCs 136:139 pDCs 136:139 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 11 34 from accumulation 1804:1815 arg1 lung 1824:1827 the lung 1820:1827 the lung 1820:1827 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 10 35 theme acute 1591:1595 arg1 settings 1597:1604 acute settings 1591:1604 acute settings 1591:1604 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 7 36 theme DTR 1152:1154 arg1 anymore 1156:1162 DTR anymore 1152:1162 DTR anymore 1152:1162 Analysis of depletion efficiency showed that complete pDC depletion could only be sustained for one week and reoccurring pDCs sorted after 4 weeks did not express DTR anymore. 26252890 10 37 theme model 1582:1586 arg1 functionality 1551:1563 the functionality 1547:1563 the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings 1547:1604 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 1 38 theme BACKGROUND 86:95 arg1 cells 129:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 86:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) 86:140 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 38 theme BACKGROUND 86:95 arg1 subset 154:159 a small subset 146:159 a small subset of dendritic cells 146:178 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 38 theme BACKGROUND 86:95 arg1 pDCs 136:139 pDCs 136:139 pDCs 136:139 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 10 39 from effect 1636:1641 arg1 model 1700:1704 an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model 1663:1704 an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model 1663:1704 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 12 40 theme inflammatory 2118:2129 arg1 models 2139:2144 more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models 2091:2144 more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models 2091:2144 CONCLUSION Taken together, the BDCA2-DTR mouse model only allows efficient pDC depletion for one week, which subsequently restricts its usability to more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models. 26252890 3 41 theme lesion 435:440 arg1 development 442:452 advanced lesion development 426:452 advanced lesion development 426:452 However, their precise involvement, particularly in advanced lesion development, remains elusive. 26252890 5 42 theme high-fat 814:821 arg1 HFD 829:831 HFD 829:831 HFD 829:831 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 5 42 theme high-fat 814:821 arg1 diet 823:826 a high-fat diet 812:826 a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks 812:844 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 9 43 theme cytokine 1520:1527 arg1 titers 1529:1534 inflammatory cytokine titers 1507:1534 inflammatory cytokine titers 1507:1534 Despite short-term, but efficient pDC depletion, we observed no differences in atherosclerotic lesion development, but changes in inflammatory cytokine titers. 26252890 0 44 theme Transgenic 28:37 arg1 Model 45:49 the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model 14:49 the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model 14:49 Evaluation of the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model in Chronic and Acute Inflammation. 26252890 0 45 theme Chronic 54:60 arg1 Inflammation 72:83 Chronic and Acute Inflammation 54:83 Chronic and Acute Inflammation 54:83 Evaluation of the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model in Chronic and Acute Inflammation. 26252890 12 46 theme acute 2096:2100 arg1 models 2139:2144 more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models 2091:2144 more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models 2091:2144 CONCLUSION Taken together, the BDCA2-DTR mouse model only allows efficient pDC depletion for one week, which subsequently restricts its usability to more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models. 26252890 2 47 theme autoimmune 300:309 arg1 diseases 311:318 autoimmune diseases 300:318 autoimmune diseases 300:318 Besides their contribution to tolerance, they are known to be involved in autoimmune diseases and have recently been implicated in atherosclerosis. 26252890 5 48 theme BDCA2-DTR 787:795 arg1 mice 797:800 Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice 779:800 Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks 779:844 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 11 49 theme innate 1910:1915 arg1 response 1924:1931 the innate immune response 1906:1931 the innate immune response in iALI 1906:1939 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 4 50 dep E 652:652 arg1 Apoe-/- 655:661 Apoe-/- 655:661 Apoe-/- 655:661 Hence, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression by specifically depleting this cell population using the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice. 26252890 4 51 theme cell 581:584 arg1 population 586:595 this cell population 576:595 this cell population 576:595 Hence, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression by specifically depleting this cell population using the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice. 26252890 8 52 theme HFD 1364:1366 arg1 feeding 1368:1374 5 weeks HFD feeding 1356:1374 5 weeks HFD feeding 1356:1374 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 3 53 from involvement 397:407 arg1 development 442:452 advanced lesion development 426:452 advanced lesion development 426:452 However, their precise involvement, particularly in advanced lesion development, remains elusive. 26252890 11 54 theme neutrophil 1793:1802 arg1 accumulation 1804:1815 a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation 1754:1815 accumulation 1804:1815 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 1 55 theme type 206:209 arg1 interferons 213:223 type I interferons 206:223 type I interferons 206:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 7 56 theme reoccurring 1098:1108 arg1 pDCs 1110:1113 reoccurring pDCs 1098:1113 reoccurring pDCs sorted after 4 weeks 1098:1134 Analysis of depletion efficiency showed that complete pDC depletion could only be sustained for one week and reoccurring pDCs sorted after 4 weeks did not express DTR anymore. 26252890 10 57 theme depletion 1650:1658 arg1 effect 1636:1641 the effect 1632:1641 the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model 1632:1704 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 1 58 theme interferons 213:223 arg1 cells 129:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 86:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) 86:140 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 58 theme interferons 213:223 arg1 producers 193:201 the main producers 184:201 the main producers of type I interferons 184:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 58 theme interferons 213:223 arg1 subset 154:159 a small subset 146:159 a small subset of dendritic cells 146:178 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 10 59 theme injury 1686:1691 arg1 model 1700:1704 an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model 1663:1704 an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model 1663:1704 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 10 60 from functionality 1551:1563 arg1 settings 1597:1604 acute settings 1591:1604 acute settings 1591:1604 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 11 61 from role 1890:1893 arg1 response 1924:1931 the innate immune response 1906:1931 the innate immune response in iALI 1906:1939 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 10 62 theme acute 1675:1679 arg1 iALI 1694:1697 iALI 1694:1697 iALI 1694:1697 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 10 62 theme acute 1675:1679 arg1 injury 1686:1691 indirect acute lung injury 1666:1691 an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model 1663:1704 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 1 63 theme small 148:152 arg1 cells 129:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 86:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) 86:140 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 63 theme small 148:152 arg1 subset 154:159 a small subset 146:159 a small subset of dendritic cells 146:178 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 0 64 theme Model 45:49 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model in Chronic and Acute Inflammation. 0:84 Evaluation of the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model in Chronic and Acute Inflammation. 26252890 8 65 theme lesion 1191:1196 arg1 development 1198:1208 lesion development 1191:1208 lesion development 1191:1208 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 5 66 theme pDC 762:764 arg1 depletion 766:774 continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion 726:774 continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks 726:844 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 4 67 theme E 652:652 arg1 mice 674:677 Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice 637:677 Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice 637:677 Hence, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression by specifically depleting this cell population using the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice. 26252890 7 68 theme pDC 1043:1045 arg1 depletion 1047:1055 complete pDC depletion 1034:1055 complete pDC depletion 1034:1055 Analysis of depletion efficiency showed that complete pDC depletion could only be sustained for one week and reoccurring pDCs sorted after 4 weeks did not express DTR anymore. 26252890 1 69 theme cells 174:178 arg1 cells 129:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 86:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) 86:140 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 69 theme cells 174:178 arg1 producers 193:201 the main producers 184:201 the main producers of type I interferons 184:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 69 theme cells 174:178 arg1 subset 154:159 a small subset 146:159 a small subset of dendritic cells 146:178 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 6 70 theme B 928:928 arg1 numbers 935:941 increased B cell numbers 918:941 increased B cell numbers 918:941 Instead, these mice displayed increased B cell numbers and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines. 26252890 4 71 theme BDCA2-DTR 607:615 arg1 model 623:627 the BDCA2-DTR mouse model 603:627 the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice 603:677 Hence, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression by specifically depleting this cell population using the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice. 26252890 1 72 theme dendritic 164:172 arg1 cells 174:178 dendritic cells 164:178 dendritic cells 164:178 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 9 73 theme efficient 1401:1409 arg1 depletion 1415:1423 short-term, but efficient pDC depletion 1385:1423 short-term, but efficient pDC depletion 1385:1423 Despite short-term, but efficient pDC depletion, we observed no differences in atherosclerotic lesion development, but changes in inflammatory cytokine titers. 26252890 8 74 theme partial 1224:1230 arg1 ligation 1240:1247 partial carotid ligation 1224:1247 partial carotid ligation 1224:1247 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 7 75 theme efficiency 1011:1020 arg1 Analysis 989:996 Analysis 989:996 Analysis of depletion efficiency 989:1020 Analysis of depletion efficiency showed that complete pDC depletion could only be sustained for one week and reoccurring pDCs sorted after 4 weeks did not express DTR anymore. 26252890 1 76 theme Plasmacytoid 106:117 arg1 cells 129:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 86:133 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) 86:140 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 76 theme Plasmacytoid 106:117 arg1 subset 154:159 a small subset 146:159 a small subset of dendritic cells 146:178 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 1 76 theme Plasmacytoid 106:117 arg1 pDCs 136:139 pDCs 136:139 pDCs 136:139 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 12 77 theme BDCA2-DTR 1973:1981 arg1 model 1989:1993 the BDCA2-DTR mouse model 1969:1993 the BDCA2-DTR mouse model 1969:1993 CONCLUSION Taken together, the BDCA2-DTR mouse model only allows efficient pDC depletion for one week, which subsequently restricts its usability to more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models. 26252890 8 78 theme ligation 1240:1247 arg1 model 1215:1219 a model 1213:1219 a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, 1213:1307 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 11 79 theme pDC 1728:1730 arg1 depletion 1732:1740 efficient pDC depletion 1718:1740 efficient pDC depletion 1718:1740 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 11 80 theme pDCs 1898:1901 arg1 role 1890:1893 a pro-inflammatory role 1871:1893 a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI 1871:1939 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 5 81 theme continuous 726:735 arg1 depletion 766:774 continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion 726:774 continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks 726:844 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 12 82 theme efficient 2007:2015 arg1 depletion 2021:2029 efficient pDC depletion 2007:2029 efficient pDC depletion 2007:2029 CONCLUSION Taken together, the BDCA2-DTR mouse model only allows efficient pDC depletion for one week, which subsequently restricts its usability to more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models. 26252890 6 83 theme cytokines 978:986 arg1 levels 955:960 altered levels 947:960 altered levels of inflammatory cytokines 947:986 Instead, these mice displayed increased B cell numbers and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines. 26252890 6 83 theme cytokines 978:986 arg1 numbers 935:941 increased B cell numbers 918:941 increased B cell numbers 918:941 Instead, these mice displayed increased B cell numbers and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines. 26252890 5 84 theme toxin-induced 748:760 arg1 depletion 766:774 continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion 726:774 continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks 726:844 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 5 85 theme lesion 860:865 arg1 size 867:870 lesion size 860:870 lesion size 860:870 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 5 86 dep METHODS 680:686 arg1 revealed 712:719 revealed 712:719 revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition 712:885 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 11 87 from macrophage 1778:1787 arg1 lung 1824:1827 the lung 1820:1827 the lung 1820:1827 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 4 88 theme deficient 664:672 arg1 mice 674:677 Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice 637:677 Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice 637:677 Hence, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression by specifically depleting this cell population using the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice. 26252890 9 89 theme lesion 1472:1477 arg1 development 1479:1489 atherosclerotic lesion development 1456:1489 atherosclerotic lesion development 1456:1489 Despite short-term, but efficient pDC depletion, we observed no differences in atherosclerotic lesion development, but changes in inflammatory cytokine titers. 26252890 6 90 theme altered 947:953 arg1 levels 955:960 altered levels 947:960 altered levels of inflammatory cytokines 947:986 Instead, these mice displayed increased B cell numbers and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines. 26252890 12 91 theme disease 2131:2137 arg1 models 2139:2144 more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models 2091:2144 more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models 2091:2144 CONCLUSION Taken together, the BDCA2-DTR mouse model only allows efficient pDC depletion for one week, which subsequently restricts its usability to more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models. 26252890 8 92 theme feeding 1300:1306 arg1 weeks 1287:1291 5 weeks 1285:1291 5 weeks of HFD feeding 1285:1306 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 10 93 theme BDCA2-DTR 1572:1580 arg1 model 1582:1586 the BDCA2-DTR model 1568:1586 the BDCA2-DTR model 1568:1586 To assure the functionality of the BDCA2-DTR model in acute settings, we additionally examined the effect of pDC depletion in an indirect acute lung injury (iALI) model. 26252890 0 94 theme BDCA2-DTR 18:26 arg1 Model 45:49 the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model 14:49 the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model 14:49 Evaluation of the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model in Chronic and Acute Inflammation. 26252890 4 95 from role 499:502 arg1 atherogenesis 515:527 atherogenesis 515:527 atherogenesis 515:527 Hence, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression by specifically depleting this cell population using the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice. 26252890 4 95 from role 499:502 arg1 atheroprogression 532:548 atheroprogression 532:548 atheroprogression 532:548 Hence, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression by specifically depleting this cell population using the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice. 26252890 12 96 theme chronic 2110:2116 arg1 models 2139:2144 more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models 2091:2144 more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models 2091:2144 CONCLUSION Taken together, the BDCA2-DTR mouse model only allows efficient pDC depletion for one week, which subsequently restricts its usability to more acute but not chronic inflammatory disease models. 26252890 0 97 theme Mouse 39:43 arg1 Model 45:49 the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model 14:49 the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model 14:49 Evaluation of the BDCA2-DTR Transgenic Mouse Model in Chronic and Acute Inflammation. 26252890 3 98 theme advanced 426:433 arg1 development 442:452 advanced lesion development 426:452 advanced lesion development 426:452 However, their precise involvement, particularly in advanced lesion development, remains elusive. 26252890 5 99 theme Apoe-/- 779:785 arg1 mice 797:800 Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice 779:800 Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks 779:844 METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed that continuous diphtheria toxin-induced pDC depletion in Apoe-/- BDCA2-DTR mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks did not alter lesion size or composition. 26252890 4 100 theme pDCs 507:510 arg1 role 499:502 the role 495:502 the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression 495:548 Hence, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherogenesis vs atheroprogression by specifically depleting this cell population using the BDCA2-DTR mouse model bred to Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) deficient mice. 26252890 8 101 theme last 1343:1346 arg1 week 1348:1351 the last week 1339:1351 the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding 1339:1374 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 11 102 theme reduced 1770:1776 arg1 macrophage 1778:1787 a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation 1754:1815 macrophage 1778:1787 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 11 103 dep hours 1832:1836 arg1 challenge 1848:1856 LPS challenge 1844:1856 LPS challenge 1844:1856 This time, efficient pDC depletion resulted in a significantly reduced macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung 12 hours after LPS challenge, underlining a pro-inflammatory role of pDCs in the innate immune response in iALI. 26252890 1 104 theme main 188:191 arg1 producers 193:201 the main producers 184:201 the main producers of type I interferons 184:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 26252890 8 105 theme weeks 1358:1362 arg1 feeding 1368:1374 5 weeks HFD feeding 1356:1374 5 weeks HFD feeding 1356:1374 Consequently, we analyzed lesion development in a model of partial carotid ligation, inducing established lesions after 5 weeks of HFD feeding, and only depleted pDCs during the last week of 5 weeks HFD feeding. 26252890 1 106 theme I 211:211 arg1 interferons 213:223 type I interferons 206:223 type I interferons 206:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a small subset of dendritic cells and the main producers of type I interferons. 28530199 8 0 dep % 1124:1124 arg1 63.16 1119:1123 63.16 1119:1123 63.16 1119:1123 Ag-Cel effectively degrades methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% under sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min. 28530199 2 1 theme simple 346:351 arg1 method 370:375 a simple and reproducible method 344:375 a simple and reproducible method 344:375 In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. 28530199 7 2 theme 2,2-diphenyl 917:928 arg1 activity 967:974 minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity 911:974 minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity 911:974 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 8 3 dep 63.16 1119:1123 arg1 to 1116:1117 to 1116:1117 to 1116:1117 Ag-Cel effectively degrades methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% under sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min. 28530199 8 4 theme methylene-blue 1094:1107 arg1 dye 1109:1111 methylene-blue dye 1094:1111 methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% 1094:1124 Ag-Cel effectively degrades methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% under sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min. 28530199 6 5 theme culture 843:849 arg1 reduction 820:828 more than 90% reduction 806:828 more than 90% reduction of S. aureus culture in broth 806:858 The discs also displayed more than 90% reduction of S. aureus culture in broth within 150 min. 28530199 3 6 theme scanning 511:518 arg1 microscopy 529:538 scanning electron microscopy 511:538 scanning electron microscopy 511:538 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 28530199 7 7 theme total 1024:1028 arg1 potential 1042:1050 moderate total antioxidant potential 1015:1050 moderate total antioxidant potential 1015:1050 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 7 8 theme total 980:984 arg1 ability 1001:1007 total reducing power ability 980:1007 total reducing power ability 980:1007 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 5 9 theme inhibition 689:698 arg1 zone 681:684 good zone 676:684 good zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Ag-Cel 676:759 The antibacterial activity performed by disc diffusion assay reveals good zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Ag-Cel as compared Ag-NPs. 28530199 3 10 theme electron 520:527 arg1 microscopy 529:538 scanning electron microscopy 511:538 scanning electron microscopy 511:538 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 28530199 3 11 dep Fortier 467:473 arg1 transform 475:483 transform 475:483 transform infrared spectroscopy 475:505 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 28530199 2 12 used used 289:292 arg2 cellulose 249:257 cellulose 249:257 cellulose isolated from citrus waste 249:284 In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. 28530199 0 13 theme wound 83:87 arg1 healing 89:95 wound healing 83:95 wound healing 83:95 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 28530199 6 14 theme S. 833:834 arg1 culture 843:849 S. aureus culture 833:849 S. aureus culture 833:849 The discs also displayed more than 90% reduction of S. aureus culture in broth within 150 min. 28530199 3 15 dep transform 475:483 arg1 infrared 485:492 infrared 485:492 transform infrared spectroscopy 475:505 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 28530199 7 16 theme Ag-Cel 880:885 arg1 discs 887:891 The Ag-Cel discs 876:891 The Ag-Cel discs 876:891 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 8 17 dep dye 1109:1111 arg1 % 1124:1124 % 1124:1124 % 1124:1124 Ag-Cel effectively degrades methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% under sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min. 28530199 5 18 theme diffusion 652:660 arg1 assay 662:666 disc diffusion assay 647:666 disc diffusion assay 647:666 The antibacterial activity performed by disc diffusion assay reveals good zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Ag-Cel as compared Ag-NPs. 28530199 5 19 theme disc 647:650 arg1 assay 662:666 disc diffusion assay 647:666 disc diffusion assay 647:666 The antibacterial activity performed by disc diffusion assay reveals good zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Ag-Cel as compared Ag-NPs. 28530199 9 20 theme bacterial 1275:1283 arg1 attack 1285:1290 bacterial attack 1275:1290 bacterial attack 1275:1290 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 7 21 theme reducing 986:993 arg1 ability 1001:1007 total reducing power ability 980:1007 total reducing power ability 980:1007 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 2 22 theme citrus 273:278 arg1 waste 280:284 citrus waste 273:284 citrus waste 273:284 In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. 28530199 6 23 dep reduction 820:828 arg1 % 818:818 % 818:818 % 818:818 The discs also displayed more than 90% reduction of S. aureus culture in broth within 150 min. 28530199 1 24 theme supporting 170:179 arg1 agent 181:185 supporting agent 170:185 supporting agent 170:185 Cellulose is the natural biopolymer normally used as supporting agent with enhanced applicability and properties. 28530199 9 25 theme wastewater 1381:1390 arg1 purification 1392:1403 wastewater purification 1381:1403 wastewater purification 1381:1403 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 8 26 theme sunlight 1132:1139 arg1 irradiation 1141:1151 sunlight irradiation 1132:1151 sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min 1132:1186 Ag-Cel effectively degrades methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% under sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min. 28530199 7 27 theme power 995:999 arg1 ability 1001:1007 total reducing power ability 980:1007 total reducing power ability 980:1007 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 6 28 dep % 818:818 arg1 90 816:817 90 816:817 90 816:817 The discs also displayed more than 90% reduction of S. aureus culture in broth within 150 min. 28530199 3 29 theme Ag-NPs 382:387 arg1 cellulose 400:408 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose 378:408 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) 378:417 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 28530199 3 29 theme Ag-NPs 382:387 arg1 Ag-Cel 411:416 Ag-Cel 411:416 Ag-Cel 411:416 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 28530199 9 30 theme wound 1249:1253 arg1 dressing 1255:1262 wound dressing 1249:1262 wound dressing 1249:1262 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 5 31 theme good 676:679 arg1 zone 681:684 good zone 676:684 good zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Ag-Cel 676:759 The antibacterial activity performed by disc diffusion assay reveals good zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Ag-Cel as compared Ag-NPs. 28530199 2 32 theme nanoparticles 305:317 arg1 impregnation 328:339 silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation 298:339 silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation 298:339 In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. 28530199 0 33 theme impregnated 20:30 arg1 material 52:59 Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material 13:59 Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material 13:59 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 28530199 5 34 theme antibacterial 611:623 arg1 activity 625:632 The antibacterial activity 607:632 The antibacterial activity performed by disc diffusion assay 607:666 The antibacterial activity performed by disc diffusion assay reveals good zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Ag-Cel as compared Ag-NPs. 28530199 2 35 theme silver 298:303 arg1 Ag-NPs 320:325 Ag-NPs 320:325 Ag-NPs 320:325 In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. 28530199 2 35 theme silver 298:303 arg1 nanoparticles 305:317 silver nanoparticles 298:317 silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation 298:339 In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. 28530199 7 36 theme moderate 1015:1022 arg1 potential 1042:1050 moderate total antioxidant potential 1015:1050 moderate total antioxidant potential 1015:1050 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 1 37 theme enhanced 192:199 arg1 applicability 201:213 enhanced applicability 192:213 enhanced applicability 192:213 Cellulose is the natural biopolymer normally used as supporting agent with enhanced applicability and properties. 28530199 0 38 theme Ag-NPs 13:18 arg1 material 52:59 Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material 13:59 Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material 13:59 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 28530199 4 39 theme thermo-gravimetric 578:595 arg1 analysis 597:604 thermo-gravimetric analysis 578:604 thermo-gravimetric analysis 578:604 The thermal stability was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis. 28530199 1 40 theme natural 134:140 arg1 biopolymer 142:151 the natural biopolymer 130:151 the natural biopolymer normally used as supporting agent with enhanced applicability and properties 130:228 Cellulose is the natural biopolymer normally used as supporting agent with enhanced applicability and properties. 28530199 1 40 theme natural 134:140 arg1 Cellulose 117:125 Cellulose 117:125 Cellulose 117:125 Cellulose is the natural biopolymer normally used as supporting agent with enhanced applicability and properties. 28530199 0 41 theme composite 42:50 arg1 material 52:59 Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material 13:59 Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material 13:59 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 28530199 8 42 theme exposure 1164:1171 arg1 time 1173:1176 limited exposure time 1156:1176 limited exposure time of 60 min 1156:1186 Ag-Cel effectively degrades methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% under sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min. 28530199 0 43 from role 75:78 arg1 healing 89:95 wound healing 83:95 wound healing 83:95 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 28530199 0 43 from role 75:78 arg1 photocatalysis 101:114 photocatalysis 101:114 photocatalysis 101:114 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 28530199 9 44 used used 1241:1244 arg2 cellulose 1212:1220 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose 1189:1220 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose 1189:1220 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 3 45 theme powder 440:445 arg1 diffraction 454:464 powder X-rays diffraction 440:464 powder X-rays diffraction 440:464 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 28530199 0 46 theme cellulose 32:40 arg1 material 52:59 Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material 13:59 Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material 13:59 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 28530199 8 47 theme limited 1156:1162 arg1 time 1173:1176 limited exposure time 1156:1176 limited exposure time of 60 min 1156:1186 Ag-Cel effectively degrades methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% under sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min. 28530199 9 48 theme free 1309:1312 arg1 radicals 1314:1321 free radicals 1309:1321 free radicals 1309:1321 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 2 49 theme present 234:240 arg1 study 242:246 present study 234:246 present study 234:246 In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. 28530199 3 50 theme X-rays 447:452 arg1 diffraction 454:464 powder X-rays diffraction 440:464 powder X-rays diffraction 440:464 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 28530199 3 51 theme fabricated 389:398 arg1 cellulose 400:408 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose 378:408 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) 378:417 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 28530199 3 51 theme fabricated 389:398 arg1 Ag-Cel 411:416 Ag-Cel 411:416 Ag-Cel 411:416 The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 28530199 9 52 theme radicals 1314:1321 arg1 scavenger 1296:1304 scavenger 1296:1304 scavenger 1296:1304 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 9 52 theme radicals 1314:1321 arg1 attack 1285:1290 bacterial attack 1275:1290 bacterial attack 1275:1290 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 9 53 theme Ag-NPs 1193:1198 arg1 cellulose 1212:1220 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose 1189:1220 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose 1189:1220 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 0 54 theme material 52:59 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 0:115 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 28530199 9 55 theme impregnated 1200:1210 arg1 cellulose 1212:1220 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose 1189:1220 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose 1189:1220 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 9 56 from site 1332:1335 arg1 scavenger 1296:1304 scavenger 1296:1304 scavenger 1296:1304 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 9 56 from site 1332:1335 arg1 attack 1285:1290 bacterial attack 1275:1290 bacterial attack 1275:1290 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 7 57 theme scavenging 956:965 arg1 activity 967:974 minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity 911:974 minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity 911:974 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 4 58 theme thermal 545:551 arg1 stability 553:561 The thermal stability 541:561 The thermal stability 541:561 The thermal stability was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis. 28530199 9 59 theme wound 1326:1330 arg1 site 1332:1335 wound site 1326:1335 wound site 1326:1335 The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. 28530199 6 60 theme aureus 836:841 arg1 culture 843:849 S. aureus culture 833:849 S. aureus culture 833:849 The discs also displayed more than 90% reduction of S. aureus culture in broth within 150 min. 28530199 7 61 theme antioxidant 1030:1040 arg1 potential 1042:1050 moderate total antioxidant potential 1015:1050 moderate total antioxidant potential 1015:1050 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 2 62 attach isolated 259:266 arg2 cellulose 249:257 cellulose 249:257 cellulose isolated from citrus waste 249:284 In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. 28530199 2 62 attach isolated 259:266 arg1 waste 280:284 citrus waste 273:284 citrus waste 273:284 In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. 28530199 8 63 theme 60 min 1181:1186 arg1 time 1173:1176 limited exposure time 1156:1176 limited exposure time of 60 min 1156:1186 Ag-Cel effectively degrades methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% under sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min. 28530199 7 64 theme 1-picryl-hydrazyl 930:946 arg1 activity 967:974 minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity 911:974 minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity 911:974 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 0 65 theme possible 66:73 arg1 role 75:78 its possible role 62:78 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 0:115 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 28530199 2 66 theme reproducible 357:368 arg1 method 370:375 a simple and reproducible method 344:375 a simple and reproducible method 344:375 In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. 28530199 7 67 theme radical 948:954 arg1 activity 967:974 minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity 911:974 minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity 911:974 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 0 68 dep Synthesis 0:8 arg1 role 75:78 its possible role 62:78 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 0:115 Synthesis of Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose composite material: its possible role in wound healing and photocatalysis. 28530199 6 69 from reduction 820:828 arg1 broth 854:858 broth 854:858 broth 854:858 The discs also displayed more than 90% reduction of S. aureus culture in broth within 150 min. 28530199 7 70 theme minor 911:915 arg1 activity 967:974 minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity 911:974 minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity 911:974 The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. 28530199 8 71 from irradiation 1141:1151 arg1 time 1173:1176 limited exposure time 1156:1176 limited exposure time of 60 min 1156:1186 Ag-Cel effectively degrades methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% under sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min. 26218628 8 0 theme albumin 1062:1068 arg1 denaturation 1033:1044 denaturation 1033:1044 the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin 992:1068 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 26218628 8 0 theme albumin 1062:1068 arg1 cells 1016:1020 the proliferating yeast cells 992:1020 the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin 992:1068 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 26218628 3 1 dep OBJECTIVES 393:402 arg1 was 418:420 was 418:420 was to synthesize vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue 418:522 OBJECTIVES The objective was to synthesize vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue. 26218628 6 2 theme chemo-preventive 844:859 arg1 activity 861:868 The chemo-preventive activity 840:868 The chemo-preventive activity 840:868 The chemo-preventive activity was performed by in vitro bio assays. 26218628 7 3 dep RESULTS 908:914 arg1 analysis 920:927 SEM analysis 916:927 RESULTS SEM analysis 908:927 RESULTS SEM analysis showed spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm. 26218628 8 4 theme yeast 1010:1014 arg1 cells 1016:1020 the proliferating yeast cells 992:1020 the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin 992:1068 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 26218628 2 5 theme fatigue 307:313 arg1 reduction 294:302 this reduction 289:302 this reduction of fatigue 289:313 However, it remains unknown whether this reduction of fatigue interferes with the cancer drugs or alters the effectiveness of these agents. 26218628 9 6 dep CONCLUSION 1152:1161 arg1 demonstrate 1191:1201 demonstrate 1191:1201 demonstrate that the NCV particles can be used to reduce CRF without much affecting the anti-cancer properties of cisplatin 1191:1313 CONCLUSION Collectively, these results demonstrate that the NCV particles can be used to reduce CRF without much affecting the anti-cancer properties of cisplatin. 26218628 5 7 theme infrared 779:786 arg1 spectroscopy 796:807 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 779:807 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 779:807 The interactions between vitamins and NCV were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and a particle size analyser. 26218628 4 8 theme MATERIALS 525:533 arg1 Multi-vitamin 547:559 MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-vitamin 525:559 MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-vitamin (C, D3, and B12) 525:576 MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-vitamin (C, D3, and B12)-cisplatin composite nano-formulation called NanoCisVital (NCV) to overcome CRF. 26218628 9 9 used used 1233:1236 arg2 particles 1216:1224 the NCV particles 1208:1224 the NCV particles 1208:1224 CONCLUSION Collectively, these results demonstrate that the NCV particles can be used to reduce CRF without much affecting the anti-cancer properties of cisplatin. 26218628 1 10 theme CONTEXT 109:115 arg1 Vitamins 117:124 CONTEXT Vitamins 109:124 CONTEXT Vitamins 109:124 CONTEXT Vitamins have been shown to reduce chemotherapy-related fatigue (CRF) by conserving energy loss both during and after cancer treatment. 26218628 1 11 theme energy 201:206 arg1 loss 208:211 energy loss 201:211 energy loss 201:211 CONTEXT Vitamins have been shown to reduce chemotherapy-related fatigue (CRF) by conserving energy loss both during and after cancer treatment. 26218628 4 12 theme METHODS 539:545 arg1 Multi-vitamin 547:559 MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-vitamin 525:559 MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-vitamin (C, D3, and B12) 525:576 MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-vitamin (C, D3, and B12)-cisplatin composite nano-formulation called NanoCisVital (NCV) to overcome CRF. 26218628 4 13 dep Multi-vitamin 547:559 arg1 B12 573:575 B12 573:575 B12 573:575 MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-vitamin (C, D3, and B12)-cisplatin composite nano-formulation called NanoCisVital (NCV) to overcome CRF. 26218628 4 13 dep Multi-vitamin 547:559 arg1 C 562:562 C 562:562 C 562:562 MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-vitamin (C, D3, and B12)-cisplatin composite nano-formulation called NanoCisVital (NCV) to overcome CRF. 26218628 4 13 dep Multi-vitamin 547:559 arg1 D3 565:566 D3 565:566 D3 565:566 MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-vitamin (C, D3, and B12)-cisplatin composite nano-formulation called NanoCisVital (NCV) to overcome CRF. 26218628 2 14 theme cancer 335:340 arg1 drugs 342:346 the cancer drugs 331:346 the cancer drugs 331:346 However, it remains unknown whether this reduction of fatigue interferes with the cancer drugs or alters the effectiveness of these agents. 26218628 8 15 theme vessels 1118:1124 arg1 sprouting 1095:1103 the sprouting 1091:1103 the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner 1091:1149 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 26218628 3 16 theme chitosan 461:468 arg1 nano-particles 470:483 vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles 436:483 vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue 436:522 OBJECTIVES The objective was to synthesize vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue. 26218628 4 17 theme composite 588:596 arg1 nano-formulation 598:613 composite nano-formulation 588:613 composite nano-formulation called NanoCisVital (NCV) to overcome CRF 588:655 MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-vitamin (C, D3, and B12)-cisplatin composite nano-formulation called NanoCisVital (NCV) to overcome CRF. 26218628 8 18 theme bovine 1049:1054 arg1 albumin 1062:1068 bovine serum albumin 1049:1068 bovine serum albumin 1049:1068 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 26218628 8 19 theme serum 1056:1060 arg1 albumin 1062:1068 bovine serum albumin 1049:1068 bovine serum albumin 1049:1068 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 26218628 0 20 theme chitosan 45:52 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan 0:52 Characterization of vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue. 26218628 7 21 theme size 960:963 arg1 is < 225 nm 965:975 spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm 936:975 spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm 936:975 RESULTS SEM analysis showed spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm. 26218628 0 22 theme vitamin-cisplatin-loaded 20:43 arg1 chitosan 45:52 vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan 20:52 vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan 20:52 Characterization of vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue. 26218628 8 23 theme blood 1112:1116 arg1 vessels 1118:1124 new blood vessels 1108:1124 new blood vessels 1108:1124 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 26218628 6 24 theme bio 896:898 arg1 assays 900:905 in vitro bio assays 887:905 in vitro bio assays 887:905 The chemo-preventive activity was performed by in vitro bio assays. 26218628 3 25 theme vitamin-cisplatin-loaded 436:459 arg1 nano-particles 470:483 vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles 436:483 vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue 436:522 OBJECTIVES The objective was to synthesize vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue. 26218628 8 26 theme new 1108:1110 arg1 vessels 1118:1124 new blood vessels 1108:1124 new blood vessels 1108:1124 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 26218628 0 27 dep chemoprevention 73:87 arg1 fatigue 100:106 fatigue 100:106 fatigue 100:106 Characterization of vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue. 26218628 1 28 theme cancer 235:240 arg1 treatment 242:250 cancer treatment 235:250 cancer treatment 235:250 CONTEXT Vitamins have been shown to reduce chemotherapy-related fatigue (CRF) by conserving energy loss both during and after cancer treatment. 26218628 5 29 theme particle 816:823 arg1 analyser 830:837 a particle size analyser 814:837 a particle size analyser 814:837 The interactions between vitamins and NCV were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and a particle size analyser. 26218628 6 30 dep in 887:888 arg1 vitro 890:894 vitro 890:894 vitro 890:894 The chemo-preventive activity was performed by in vitro bio assays. 26218628 6 31 theme in 887:888 arg1 assays 900:905 in vitro bio assays 887:905 in vitro bio assays 887:905 The chemo-preventive activity was performed by in vitro bio assays. 26218628 5 32 dep Fourier 761:767 arg1 transform 769:777 transform 769:777 transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 769:807 The interactions between vitamins and NCV were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and a particle size analyser. 26218628 5 33 theme size 825:828 arg1 analyser 830:837 a particle size analyser 814:837 a particle size analyser 814:837 The interactions between vitamins and NCV were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and a particle size analyser. 26218628 5 34 theme scanning 725:732 arg1 SEM 755:757 SEM 755:757 SEM 755:757 The interactions between vitamins and NCV were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and a particle size analyser. 26218628 5 34 theme scanning 725:732 arg1 microscopy 743:752 scanning electron microscopy 725:752 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 725:758 The interactions between vitamins and NCV were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and a particle size analyser. 26218628 3 35 dep chemoprevention 489:503 arg1 fatigue 516:522 fatigue 516:522 fatigue 516:522 OBJECTIVES The objective was to synthesize vitamin-cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue. 26218628 7 36 theme shape 946:950 arg1 is < 225 nm 965:975 spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm 936:975 spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm 936:975 RESULTS SEM analysis showed spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm. 26218628 5 37 theme electron 734:741 arg1 SEM 755:757 SEM 755:757 SEM 755:757 The interactions between vitamins and NCV were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and a particle size analyser. 26218628 5 37 theme electron 734:741 arg1 microscopy 743:752 scanning electron microscopy 725:752 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 725:758 The interactions between vitamins and NCV were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and a particle size analyser. 26218628 9 38 theme anti-cancer 1279:1289 arg1 properties 1291:1300 the anti-cancer properties 1275:1300 the anti-cancer properties of cisplatin 1275:1313 CONCLUSION Collectively, these results demonstrate that the NCV particles can be used to reduce CRF without much affecting the anti-cancer properties of cisplatin. 26218628 9 39 theme NCV 1212:1214 arg1 particles 1216:1224 the NCV particles 1208:1224 the NCV particles 1208:1224 CONCLUSION Collectively, these results demonstrate that the NCV particles can be used to reduce CRF without much affecting the anti-cancer properties of cisplatin. 26218628 1 40 theme chemotherapy-related 152:171 arg1 CRF 182:184 CRF 182:184 CRF 182:184 CONTEXT Vitamins have been shown to reduce chemotherapy-related fatigue (CRF) by conserving energy loss both during and after cancer treatment. 26218628 1 40 theme chemotherapy-related 152:171 arg1 fatigue 173:179 chemotherapy-related fatigue 152:179 chemotherapy-related fatigue (CRF) 152:185 CONTEXT Vitamins have been shown to reduce chemotherapy-related fatigue (CRF) by conserving energy loss both during and after cancer treatment. 26218628 8 41 theme dose-dependent 1129:1142 arg1 manner 1144:1149 dose-dependent manner 1129:1149 dose-dependent manner 1129:1149 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 26218628 5 42 theme FT-IR 789:793 arg1 spectroscopy 796:807 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 779:807 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 779:807 The interactions between vitamins and NCV were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and a particle size analyser. 26218628 2 43 theme agents 385:390 arg1 effectiveness 362:374 the effectiveness 358:374 the effectiveness of these agents 358:390 However, it remains unknown whether this reduction of fatigue interferes with the cancer drugs or alters the effectiveness of these agents. 26218628 7 44 theme spherical 936:944 arg1 is < 225 nm 965:975 spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm 936:975 spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm 936:975 RESULTS SEM analysis showed spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm. 26218628 9 45 theme cisplatin 1305:1313 arg1 properties 1291:1300 the anti-cancer properties 1275:1300 the anti-cancer properties of cisplatin 1275:1313 CONCLUSION Collectively, these results demonstrate that the NCV particles can be used to reduce CRF without much affecting the anti-cancer properties of cisplatin. 26218628 8 46 theme proliferating 996:1008 arg1 cells 1016:1020 the proliferating yeast cells 992:1020 the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin 992:1068 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 26218628 7 47 theme SEM 916:918 arg1 analysis 920:927 SEM analysis 916:927 RESULTS SEM analysis 908:927 RESULTS SEM analysis showed spherical shape and the size is < 225 nm. 26218628 8 48 from sprouting 1095:1103 arg1 manner 1144:1149 dose-dependent manner 1129:1149 dose-dependent manner 1129:1149 NCV inhibited the proliferating yeast cells as well as denaturation of bovine serum albumin, and it also reduced the sprouting of new blood vessels in dose-dependent manner. 28036041 6 0 theme Linear 828:833 arg1 models 859:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models 828:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models 828:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models were used to determine associations between GE/feed variables and HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity. 28036041 7 1 dep [-0.10 1026:1031 arg1 -0.03 1034:1038 -0.03 1034:1038 -0.03 1034:1038 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 7 1 dep [-0.10 1026:1031 arg1 p 1042:1042 p < 0.001 1042:1050 p < 0.001 1042:1050 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 7 2 theme < 1044:1044 arg1 p 1042:1042 p < 0.001 1042:1050 p < 0.001 1042:1050 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 1 3 theme milk 169:172 arg1 components 179:188 Human milk (HM) components 163:188 Human milk (HM) components 163:188 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 1 4 theme HM 175:176 arg1 components 179:188 Human milk (HM) components 163:188 Human milk (HM) components 163:188 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 0 5 theme Breastfeeding 107:119 arg1 Patterns 121:128 Breastfeeding Patterns 107:128 Breastfeeding Patterns of Term 107:136 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 1 6 theme regulation 333:342 arg1 component 311:319 a key component 305:319 a key component of appetite regulation 305:342 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 1 6 theme regulation 333:342 arg1 emptying 290:297 gastric emptying 282:297 gastric emptying (GE) 282:302 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 4 7 theme Feed 647:650 arg1 volume 652:657 Feed volume 647:657 Feed volume (FV) 647:662 Feed volume (FV) was measured by the test-weigh method. 28036041 4 7 theme Feed 647:650 arg1 FV 660:661 FV 660:661 FV 660:661 Feed volume (FV) was measured by the test-weigh method. 28036041 6 8 used used 871:874 arg2 models 859:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models 828:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models 828:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models were used to determine associations between GE/feed variables and HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity. 28036041 7 9 theme post-feed 1069:1077 arg1 SVs 1079:1081 higher post-feed SVs 1062:1081 higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001) 1062:1112 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 7 9 theme post-feed 1069:1077 arg1 [0.53 1089:1093 [0.53 1089:1093 [0.53 1089:1093 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 1 10 theme infant 200:205 arg1 patterns 215:222 infant feeding patterns 200:222 infant feeding patterns 200:222 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 9 11 theme casein 1424:1429 arg1 ratio 1436:1440 lower casein:whey ratio 1418:1440 lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66] 1418:1465 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 3 12 theme Stomach 535:541 arg1 volumes 543:549 Stomach volumes 535:549 Stomach volumes (SV) 535:554 Stomach volumes (SV) were calculated from pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans, then repeatedly until the next feed. 28036041 3 12 theme Stomach 535:541 arg1 SV 552:553 SV 552:553 SV 552:553 Stomach volumes (SV) were calculated from pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans, then repeatedly until the next feed. 28036041 9 13 theme GE 1281:1282 arg1 time 1284:1287 Longer GE time 1274:1287 Longer GE time 1274:1287 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 6 14 theme effect 852:857 arg1 models 859:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models 828:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models 828:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models were used to determine associations between GE/feed variables and HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity. 28036041 9 15 theme whey 1431:1434 arg1 ratio 1436:1440 lower casein:whey ratio 1418:1440 lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66] 1418:1465 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 9 16 dep concentration 1328:1340 arg1 = 1364:1364 = 1364:1364 = 1364:1364 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 10 17 theme HM 1487:1488 arg1 composition 1490:1500 HM composition 1487:1500 HM composition 1487:1500 FV and HM composition influence GE and breastfeeding patterns in term breastfed infants. 28036041 6 18 theme components/infant 935:951 arg1 anthropometrics/adiposity 953:977 HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity 932:977 HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity 932:977 Linear regression/mixed effect models were used to determine associations between GE/feed variables and HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity. 28036041 0 19 theme Infant 60:65 arg1 Characteristics 67:81 Infant Characteristics 60:81 Infant Characteristics 60:81 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 5 20 theme total/whey/casein 801:817 arg1 protein 819:825 total/whey/casein protein 801:825 total/whey/casein protein 801:825 HM samples were analyzed for adiponectin, leptin, fat, lactose, total carbohydrate, lysozyme, and total/whey/casein protein. 28036041 10 21 theme breastfeeding 1519:1531 arg1 patterns 1533:1540 GE and breastfeeding patterns 1512:1540 GE and breastfeeding patterns in term breastfed infants 1512:1566 FV and HM composition influence GE and breastfeeding patterns in term breastfed infants. 28036041 9 22 theme -2.66 1460:1464 arg1 [-107.13 1450:1457 -65.89 [-107.13 1443:1457 -65.89 [-107.13 1443:1457 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 0 23 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Emptying 94:101 Gastric Emptying 86:101 Gastric Emptying 86:101 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 0 23 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Patterns 121:128 Breastfeeding Patterns 107:128 Breastfeeding Patterns of Term 107:136 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 4 24 theme test-weigh 684:693 arg1 method 695:700 the test-weigh method 680:700 the test-weigh method 680:700 Feed volume (FV) was measured by the test-weigh method. 28036041 9 25 dep ratio 1436:1440 arg1 [-107.13 1450:1457 -65.89 [-107.13 1443:1457 -65.89 [-107.13 1443:1457 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 1 26 theme key 307:309 arg1 component 311:319 a key component 305:319 a key component of appetite regulation 305:342 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 1 26 theme key 307:309 arg1 emptying 290:297 gastric emptying 282:297 gastric emptying (GE) 282:302 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 7 27 dep times 1129:1133 arg1 = 1157:1157 = 1157:1157 = 1157:1157 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 6 28 theme GE/feed 910:916 arg1 variables 918:926 GE/feed variables 910:926 GE/feed variables 910:926 Linear regression/mixed effect models were used to determine associations between GE/feed variables and HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity. 28036041 2 29 theme infants 502:508 arg1 hormones/macronutrients 404:426 HM appetite hormones/macronutrients 392:426 HM appetite hormones/macronutrients 392:426 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 2 29 theme infants 502:508 arg1 composition 466:476 demographics/anthropometrics/body composition 432:476 demographics/anthropometrics/body composition 432:476 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 2 29 theme infants 502:508 arg1 breastfeed 380:389 a single breastfeed 371:389 a single breastfeed 371:389 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 8 30 theme whey 1174:1177 arg1 concentration 1187:1199 Higher whey protein concentration 1167:1199 Higher whey protein concentration 1167:1199 Higher whey protein concentration was associated with higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023). 28036041 0 31 theme Hormones 30:37 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term 0:136 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 2 32 theme HM 392:393 arg1 hormones/macronutrients 404:426 HM appetite hormones/macronutrients 392:426 HM appetite hormones/macronutrients 392:426 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 2 33 theme breastfeed 380:389 arg1 GE 365:366 GE 365:366 GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo) 365:532 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 0 34 theme Human 10:14 arg1 Hormones 30:37 Human Milk Appetite Hormones 10:37 Human Milk Appetite Hormones 10:37 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 2 35 theme demographics/anthropometrics/body 432:464 arg1 composition 466:476 demographics/anthropometrics/body composition 432:476 demographics/anthropometrics/body composition 432:476 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 8 36 theme higher 1221:1226 arg1 SVs 1238:1240 higher post-feed SVs 1221:1240 higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023) 1221:1271 Higher whey protein concentration was associated with higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023). 28036041 7 37 theme higher 1062:1067 arg1 SVs 1079:1081 higher post-feed SVs 1062:1081 higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001) 1062:1112 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 7 37 theme higher 1062:1067 arg1 [0.53 1089:1093 [0.53 1089:1093 [0.53 1089:1093 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 0 38 theme Appetite 21:28 arg1 Hormones 30:37 Human Milk Appetite Hormones 10:37 Human Milk Appetite Hormones 10:37 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 2 39 theme hormones/macronutrients 404:426 arg1 GE 365:366 GE 365:366 GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo) 365:532 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 7 40 dep [0.53 1089:1093 arg1 1.12 1096:1099 1.12 1096:1099 1.12 1096:1099 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 7 40 dep [0.53 1089:1093 arg1 p 1103:1103 p < 0.001 1103:1111 p < 0.001 1103:1111 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 3 41 theme pre-/post-feed 577:590 arg1 scans 603:607 pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans 577:607 pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans 577:607 Stomach volumes (SV) were calculated from pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans, then repeatedly until the next feed. 28036041 10 42 theme term 1545:1548 arg1 infants 1560:1566 term breastfed infants 1545:1566 term breastfed infants 1545:1566 FV and HM composition influence GE and breastfeeding patterns in term breastfed infants. 28036041 1 43 theme feeding 207:213 arg1 patterns 215:222 infant feeding patterns 200:222 infant feeding patterns 200:222 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 7 44 dep faster 1012:1017 arg1 [-0.10 1026:1031 [-0.10 1026:1031 [-0.10 1026:1031 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 5 45 theme total 767:771 arg1 carbohydrate 773:784 total carbohydrate 767:784 total carbohydrate 767:784 HM samples were analyzed for adiponectin, leptin, fat, lactose, total carbohydrate, lysozyme, and total/whey/casein protein. 28036041 0 46 theme Macronutrients 40:53 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term 0:136 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 6 47 theme regression/mixed 835:850 arg1 models 859:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models 828:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models 828:864 Linear regression/mixed effect models were used to determine associations between GE/feed variables and HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity. 28036041 7 48 theme longer 1119:1124 arg1 times 1129:1133 longer GE times 1119:1133 longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033) 1119:1164 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 3 49 theme next 636:639 arg1 feed 641:644 the next feed 632:644 the next feed 632:644 Stomach volumes (SV) were calculated from pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans, then repeatedly until the next feed. 28036041 9 50 dep = 1470:1470 arg1 0.03 1395:1398 0.03 1395:1398 0.03 1395:1398 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 9 50 dep = 1470:1470 arg1 ratio 1436:1440 lower casein:whey ratio 1418:1440 lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66] 1418:1465 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 9 50 dep = 1470:1470 arg1 0.02 1383:1386 0.02 1383:1386 0.02 1383:1386 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 10 51 from patterns 1533:1540 arg1 infants 1560:1566 term breastfed infants 1545:1566 term breastfed infants 1545:1566 FV and HM composition influence GE and breastfeeding patterns in term breastfed infants. 28036041 1 52 theme Human 163:167 arg1 components 179:188 Human milk (HM) components 163:188 Human milk (HM) components 163:188 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 2 53 theme appetite 395:402 arg1 hormones/macronutrients 404:426 HM appetite hormones/macronutrients 392:426 HM appetite hormones/macronutrients 392:426 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 9 54 dep = 1364:1364 arg1 [0.92 1348:1352 [0.92 1348:1352 [0.92 1348:1352 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 9 55 theme adiponectin 1316:1326 arg1 concentration 1328:1340 higher adiponectin concentration 1309:1340 higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) 1309:1371 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 9 56 dep 0.02 1383:1386 arg1 [0.01 1388:1392 [0.01 1388:1392 [0.01 1388:1392 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 7 57 theme faster 1012:1017 arg1 rate 1056:1059 faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate 1012:1059 faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate 1012:1059 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 9 58 theme lower 1418:1422 arg1 ratio 1436:1440 lower casein:whey ratio 1418:1440 lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66] 1418:1465 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 9 59 dep dose 1377:1380 arg1 = 1470:1470 = 1470:1470 = 1470:1470 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 7 60 theme Higher 980:985 arg1 FVs 987:989 Higher FVs 980:989 Higher FVs 980:989 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 9 61 theme Longer 1274:1279 arg1 time 1284:1287 Longer GE time 1274:1287 Longer GE time 1274:1287 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 9 62 dep [0.92 1348:1352 arg1 3.66 1355:1358 3.66 1355:1358 3.66 1355:1358 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 7 63 theme < 1105:1105 arg1 p 1103:1103 p < 0.001 1103:1111 p < 0.001 1103:1111 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 8 64 dep SVs 1238:1240 arg1 = 1264:1264 = 1264:1264 = 1264:1264 Higher whey protein concentration was associated with higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023). 28036041 2 65 theme term 481:484 arg1 infants 502:508 term fully breastfed infants 481:508 term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo) 481:532 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 2 65 theme term 481:484 arg1 n 511:511 n = 41 511:516 n = 41 511:516 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 0 66 theme Characteristics 67:81 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term 0:136 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 9 67 theme higher 1309:1314 arg1 concentration 1328:1340 higher adiponectin concentration 1309:1340 higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) 1309:1371 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 6 68 theme HM 932:933 arg1 anthropometrics/adiposity 953:977 HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity 932:977 HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity 932:977 Linear regression/mixed effect models were used to determine associations between GE/feed variables and HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity. 28036041 2 69 theme composition 466:476 arg1 GE 365:366 GE 365:366 GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo) 365:532 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 0 70 theme Gastric 86:92 arg1 Emptying 94:101 Gastric Emptying 86:101 Gastric Emptying 86:101 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 2 71 theme breastfed 492:500 arg1 infants 502:508 term fully breastfed infants 481:508 term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo) 481:532 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 2 71 theme breastfed 492:500 arg1 n 511:511 n = 41 511:516 n = 41 511:516 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 8 72 theme Higher 1167:1172 arg1 concentration 1187:1199 Higher whey protein concentration 1167:1199 Higher whey protein concentration 1167:1199 Higher whey protein concentration was associated with higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023). 28036041 9 73 dep 0.03 1395:1398 arg1 = 1404:1404 = 1404:1404 = 1404:1404 Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (-65.89 [-107.13, -2.66], p = 0.003). 28036041 1 74 theme appetite 324:331 arg1 regulation 333:342 appetite regulation 324:342 appetite regulation 324:342 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 0 75 theme Term 133:136 arg1 Emptying 94:101 Gastric Emptying 86:101 Gastric Emptying 86:101 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 0 75 theme Term 133:136 arg1 Patterns 121:128 Breastfeeding Patterns 107:128 Breastfeeding Patterns of Term 107:136 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 8 76 theme protein 1179:1185 arg1 concentration 1187:1199 Higher whey protein concentration 1167:1199 Higher whey protein concentration 1167:1199 Higher whey protein concentration was associated with higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023). 28036041 0 77 theme Milk 16:19 arg1 Hormones 30:37 Human Milk Appetite Hormones 10:37 Human Milk Appetite Hormones 10:37 Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. 28036041 2 78 theme single 373:378 arg1 breastfeed 380:389 a single breastfeed 371:389 a single breastfeed 371:389 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 3 79 theme ultrasound 592:601 arg1 scans 603:607 pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans 577:607 pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans 577:607 Stomach volumes (SV) were calculated from pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans, then repeatedly until the next feed. 28036041 5 80 theme HM 703:704 arg1 samples 706:712 HM samples 703:712 HM samples 703:712 HM samples were analyzed for adiponectin, leptin, fat, lactose, total carbohydrate, lysozyme, and total/whey/casein protein. 28036041 8 81 dep = 1264:1264 arg1 9.13 1255:1258 9.13 1255:1258 9.13 1255:1258 Higher whey protein concentration was associated with higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023). 28036041 8 81 dep = 1264:1264 arg1 [0.84 1248:1252 4.99 [0.84 1243:1252 4.99 [0.84 1243:1252 Higher whey protein concentration was associated with higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023). 28036041 2 82 dep n 511:511 arg1 mo 530:531 2 and/or 5 mo 519:531 2 and/or 5 mo 519:531 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 10 83 theme GE 1512:1513 arg1 patterns 1533:1540 GE and breastfeeding patterns 1512:1540 GE and breastfeeding patterns in term breastfed infants 1512:1566 FV and HM composition influence GE and breastfeeding patterns in term breastfed infants. 28036041 7 84 theme GE 1053:1054 arg1 rate 1056:1059 faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate 1012:1059 faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate 1012:1059 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 1 85 theme gastric 282:288 arg1 component 311:319 a key component 305:319 a key component of appetite regulation 305:342 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 1 85 theme gastric 282:288 arg1 GE 300:301 GE 300:301 GE 300:301 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 1 85 theme gastric 282:288 arg1 emptying 290:297 gastric emptying 282:297 gastric emptying (GE) 282:302 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 28036041 7 86 dep = 1157:1157 arg1 0.46 1148:1151 0.46 1148:1151 0.46 1148:1151 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 7 86 dep = 1157:1157 arg1 [0.03 1141:1145 0.24 [0.03 1136:1145 0.24 [0.03 1136:1145 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 2 87 theme = 513:513 arg1 infants 502:508 term fully breastfed infants 481:508 term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo) 481:532 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 2 87 theme = 513:513 arg1 n 511:511 n = 41 511:516 n = 41 511:516 This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). 28036041 10 88 theme breastfed 1550:1558 arg1 infants 1560:1566 term breastfed infants 1545:1566 term breastfed infants 1545:1566 FV and HM composition influence GE and breastfeeding patterns in term breastfed infants. 28036041 8 89 theme post-feed 1228:1236 arg1 SVs 1238:1240 higher post-feed SVs 1221:1240 higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023) 1221:1271 Higher whey protein concentration was associated with higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023). 28036041 7 90 theme GE 1126:1127 arg1 times 1129:1133 longer GE times 1119:1133 longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033) 1119:1164 Higher FVs were associated with faster (-0.07 [-0.10, -0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). 28036041 1 91 theme nutrient 228:235 arg1 intake 237:242 nutrient intake 228:242 nutrient intake 228:242 Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. 27208127 7 0 theme bacteria 1238:1245 arg1 variety 1213:1219 a variety 1211:1219 a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease 1211:1316 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals harbor a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease. 27208127 7 0 theme bacteria 1238:1245 arg1 bacteria 1238:1245 Gram-negative bacteria 1224:1245 Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease 1224:1316 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals harbor a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease. 27208127 10 1 theme intestinal 1746:1755 arg1 system 1764:1769 the intestinal immune system 1742:1769 the intestinal immune system 1742:1769 Physical mucosal barriers and antibodies produced by the intestinal immune system protect against the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS, although it is unknown why some bacteria are more effective at overcoming the protective barriers than others. 27208127 11 2 theme inflammatory 2138:2149 arg1 effects 2151:2157 the inflammatory effects 2134:2157 the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria 2134:2187 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 11 3 from effects 2058:2064 arg1 bacteria 2090:2097 beneficial bacteria 2079:2097 beneficial bacteria 2079:2097 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 10 4 theme undesired 1791:1799 arg1 effects 1814:1820 the undesired inflammatory effects 1787:1820 the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS 1787:1827 Physical mucosal barriers and antibodies produced by the intestinal immune system protect against the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS, although it is unknown why some bacteria are more effective at overcoming the protective barriers than others. 27208127 5 5 theme dextran 887:893 arg1 DSS 911:913 DSS 911:913 DSS 911:913 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 5 5 theme dextran 887:893 arg1 sulfate 902:908 dextran sodium sulfate 887:908 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 887:914 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 4 6 theme CD14 651:654 arg1 steps 666:670 the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps 605:670 the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway 605:700 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 6 7 theme microbial 1150:1158 arg1 communities 1160:1170 symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities 1122:1170 symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities 1122:1170 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 10 8 theme LPS 1825:1827 arg1 effects 1814:1820 the undesired inflammatory effects 1787:1820 the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS 1787:1827 Physical mucosal barriers and antibodies produced by the intestinal immune system protect against the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS, although it is unknown why some bacteria are more effective at overcoming the protective barriers than others. 27208127 9 9 theme -dependent 1669:1678 arg1 pathway 1680:1686 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway 1643:1686 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway 1643:1686 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria are capable of eliciting potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway. 27208127 11 10 from bacteria 2180:2187 arg1 LPSs 2162:2165 LPSs 2162:2165 LPSs from harmful bacteria 2162:2187 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 11 10 from bacteria 2180:2187 arg1 effects 2151:2157 the inflammatory effects 2134:2157 the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria 2134:2187 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 2 11 theme murine 296:301 arg1 lipids 320:325 murine intestinal fecal lipids 296:325 murine intestinal fecal lipids 296:325 In this report, we demonstrate that murine intestinal fecal lipids effectively block Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses to naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp. 27208127 9 12 theme beneficial 1491:1500 arg1 bacteria 1528:1535 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria 1486:1535 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria 1486:1535 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria are capable of eliciting potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway. 27208127 8 13 theme bacterial 1434:1442 arg1 community 1444:1452 the host animal's intestinal bacterial community 1405:1452 the host animal's intestinal bacterial community 1405:1452 Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, can drive the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community toward a more pathogenic state. 27208127 11 14 from barrier 2004:2010 arg1 intestine 2019:2027 the intestine 2015:2027 the intestine 2015:2027 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 11 15 theme barrier 2004:2010 arg1 discovery 1967:1975 the discovery 1963:1975 the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria 1963:2187 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 11 15 theme barrier 2004:2010 arg1 effective 2111:2119 effective 2111:2119 effective 2111:2119 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 4 16 theme signaling 684:692 arg1 pathway 694:700 the TLR4 signaling pathway 675:700 the TLR4 signaling pathway 675:700 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 11 17 theme lipid-type 1982:1991 arg1 barrier 2004:2010 a lipid-type protective barrier 1980:2010 a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine 1980:2027 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 5 18 theme sodium 895:900 arg1 DSS 911:913 DSS 911:913 DSS 911:913 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 5 18 theme sodium 895:900 arg1 sulfate 902:908 dextran sodium sulfate 887:908 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 887:914 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 11 19 theme deleterious 2046:2056 arg1 effects 2058:2064 the deleterious effects 2042:2064 the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria 2042:2097 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 9 20 theme harmful 1506:1512 arg1 bacteria 1528:1535 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria 1486:1535 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria 1486:1535 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria are capable of eliciting potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway. 27208127 6 21 theme structures 1004:1013 arg1 inhibition 966:975 The selective inhibition 952:975 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids 952:1034 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 8 22 theme Environmental 1319:1331 arg1 habits 1358:1363 dietary habits 1350:1363 dietary habits 1350:1363 Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, can drive the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community toward a more pathogenic state. 27208127 8 22 theme Environmental 1319:1331 arg1 factors 1333:1339 Environmental factors 1319:1339 Environmental factors 1319:1339 Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, can drive the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community toward a more pathogenic state. 27208127 5 23 theme intestinal 735:744 arg1 lipids 746:751 intestinal lipids 735:751 intestinal lipids 735:751 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 6 24 theme occurring 990:998 arg1 structures 1004:1013 naturally occurring LPS structures 980:1013 naturally occurring LPS structures 980:1013 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 4 25 theme intestinal 495:504 arg1 proportion 471:480 a significant proportion 457:480 a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids 457:521 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 5 26 with mice 877:880 arg1 disease 943:949 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease 887:949 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease 887:949 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 11 27 from bacteria 2090:2097 arg1 LPSs 2069:2072 LPSs 2069:2072 LPSs from beneficial bacteria 2069:2097 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 11 27 from bacteria 2090:2097 arg1 effects 2058:2064 the deleterious effects 2042:2064 the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria 2042:2097 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 1 28 theme intestinal 160:169 arg1 tissue 171:176 the host intestinal tissue 151:176 the host intestinal tissue 151:176 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms must protect the host intestinal tissue from endogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) produced by the intestinal microbiota. 27208127 4 29 theme fecal 510:514 arg1 lipids 516:521 the total intestinal and fecal lipids 485:521 lipids 516:521 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 7 30 dep IMPORTANCE 1173:1182 arg1 guts 1188:1191 The guts 1184:1191 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals 1173:1202 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals harbor a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease. 27208127 5 31 theme inflammatory 924:935 arg1 disease 943:949 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease 887:949 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease 887:949 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 6 32 theme selective 956:964 arg1 inhibition 966:975 The selective inhibition 952:975 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids 952:1034 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 2 33 theme occurring 396:404 arg1 sp 420:421 naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp 386:421 naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp 386:421 In this report, we demonstrate that murine intestinal fecal lipids effectively block Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses to naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp. 27208127 9 34 theme damaging 1574:1581 arg1 responses 1596:1604 potentially damaging inflammatory responses 1562:1604 potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues 1562:1637 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria are capable of eliciting potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway. 27208127 6 35 theme homeostasis 1058:1068 arg1 mechanism 1070:1078 a novel homeostasis mechanism 1050:1078 a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities 1050:1170 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 11 36 theme novel 2202:2206 arg1 insight 2220:2226 a novel mechanistic insight 2200:2226 a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders 2200:2265 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 9 37 from tissues 1631:1637 arg1 responses 1596:1604 potentially damaging inflammatory responses 1562:1604 potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues 1562:1637 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria are capable of eliciting potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway. 27208127 5 38 theme potent 800:805 arg1 LPS 831:833 more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS 795:833 more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS 795:833 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 1 39 theme UNLABELLED 93:102 arg1 mechanisms 127:136 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms 93:136 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms 93:136 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms must protect the host intestinal tissue from endogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) produced by the intestinal microbiota. 27208127 7 40 theme disease 1310:1316 arg1 states 1300:1305 states 1300:1305 states of disease 1300:1316 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals harbor a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease. 27208127 7 40 theme disease 1310:1316 arg1 states 1268:1273 states 1268:1273 states of intestinal health 1268:1294 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals harbor a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease. 27208127 11 41 theme inflammatory 2233:2244 arg1 disorders 2257:2265 inflammatory intestinal disorders 2233:2265 inflammatory intestinal disorders 2233:2265 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 4 42 theme TLR4 562:565 arg1 activation 567:576 TLR4 activation 562:576 TLR4 activation 562:576 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 10 43 theme mucosal 1698:1704 arg1 barriers 1706:1713 Physical mucosal barriers 1689:1713 Physical mucosal barriers 1689:1713 Physical mucosal barriers and antibodies produced by the intestinal immune system protect against the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS, although it is unknown why some bacteria are more effective at overcoming the protective barriers than others. 27208127 0 44 theme Selective 22:30 arg1 Barrier 32:38 a Selective Barrier 20:38 a Selective Barrier to Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in the Intestine 20:90 Cardiolipins Act as a Selective Barrier to Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in the Intestine. 27208127 0 44 theme Selective 22:30 arg1 Cardiolipins 0:11 Cardiolipins 0:11 Cardiolipins 0:11 Cardiolipins Act as a Selective Barrier to Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in the Intestine. 27208127 9 45 theme intestinal 1620:1629 arg1 tissues 1631:1637 the host intestinal tissues 1611:1637 the host intestinal tissues 1611:1637 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria are capable of eliciting potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway. 27208127 6 46 theme intestinal 1018:1027 arg1 lipids 1029:1034 intestinal lipids 1018:1034 intestinal lipids 1018:1034 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 7 47 theme Gram-negative 1224:1236 arg1 bacteria 1238:1245 Gram-negative bacteria 1224:1245 Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease 1224:1316 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals harbor a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease. 27208127 2 48 theme receptor 355:362 arg1 responses 373:381 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses 345:381 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses to naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp 345:421 In this report, we demonstrate that murine intestinal fecal lipids effectively block Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses to naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp. 27208127 7 49 theme health 1289:1294 arg1 states 1300:1305 states 1300:1305 states of disease 1300:1316 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals harbor a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease. 27208127 7 49 theme health 1289:1294 arg1 states 1268:1273 states 1268:1273 states of intestinal health 1268:1294 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals harbor a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease. 27208127 11 50 theme beneficial 2079:2088 arg1 bacteria 2090:2097 beneficial bacteria 2079:2097 beneficial bacteria 2079:2097 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 2 51 theme Bacteroidetes 406:418 arg1 sp 420:421 naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp 386:421 naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp 386:421 In this report, we demonstrate that murine intestinal fecal lipids effectively block Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses to naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp. 27208127 8 52 theme intestinal 1423:1432 arg1 community 1444:1452 the host animal's intestinal bacterial community 1405:1452 the host animal's intestinal bacterial community 1405:1452 Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, can drive the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community toward a more pathogenic state. 27208127 1 53 theme intestinal 237:246 arg1 microbiota 248:257 the intestinal microbiota 233:257 the intestinal microbiota 233:257 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms must protect the host intestinal tissue from endogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) produced by the intestinal microbiota. 27208127 6 54 theme LPS 1092:1094 arg1 activation 1096:1105 LPS activation 1092:1105 LPS activation 1092:1105 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 4 55 theme lipopolysaccharide 609:626 arg1 LBP 645:647 LBP 645:647 LBP 645:647 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 4 55 theme lipopolysaccharide 609:626 arg1 protein 636:642 lipopolysaccharide binding protein 609:642 lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) 609:648 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 10 56 theme immune 1757:1762 arg1 system 1764:1769 the intestinal immune system 1742:1769 the intestinal immune system 1742:1769 Physical mucosal barriers and antibodies produced by the intestinal immune system protect against the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS, although it is unknown why some bacteria are more effective at overcoming the protective barriers than others. 27208127 5 57 dep potent 800:805 arg1 Enterobacteriaceae-type 807:829 Enterobacteriaceae-type 807:829 Enterobacteriaceae-type 807:829 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 11 58 theme LPSs 2162:2165 arg1 effects 2151:2157 the inflammatory effects 2134:2157 the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria 2134:2187 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 10 59 theme inflammatory 1801:1812 arg1 effects 1814:1820 the undesired inflammatory effects 1787:1820 the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS 1787:1827 Physical mucosal barriers and antibodies produced by the intestinal immune system protect against the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS, although it is unknown why some bacteria are more effective at overcoming the protective barriers than others. 27208127 4 60 dep represents 446:455 arg1 antagonizes 550:560 antagonizes 550:560 potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway 541:700 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 4 61 theme LPS 590:592 arg1 binding 594:600 LPS binding 590:600 LPS binding 590:600 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 6 62 theme symbiotic 1122:1130 arg1 communities 1160:1170 symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities 1122:1170 symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities 1122:1170 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 11 63 from intestine 2019:2027 arg1 discovery 1967:1975 the discovery 1963:1975 the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria 1963:2187 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 11 63 from intestine 2019:2027 arg1 effective 2111:2119 effective 2111:2119 effective 2111:2119 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 1 64 theme endogenous 183:192 arg1 LPSs 215:218 LPSs 215:218 LPSs 215:218 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms must protect the host intestinal tissue from endogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) produced by the intestinal microbiota. 27208127 1 64 theme endogenous 183:192 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 194:212 endogenous lipopolysaccharides 183:212 endogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) produced by the intestinal microbiota 183:257 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms must protect the host intestinal tissue from endogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) produced by the intestinal microbiota. 27208127 11 65 theme harmful 2172:2178 arg1 bacteria 2180:2187 harmful bacteria 2172:2187 harmful bacteria 2172:2187 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 6 66 theme dysbiotic 1140:1148 arg1 communities 1160:1170 symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities 1122:1170 symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities 1122:1170 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 2 67 theme intestinal 303:312 arg1 lipids 320:325 murine intestinal fecal lipids 296:325 murine intestinal fecal lipids 296:325 In this report, we demonstrate that murine intestinal fecal lipids effectively block Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses to naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp. 27208127 2 68 theme fecal 314:318 arg1 lipids 320:325 murine intestinal fecal lipids 296:325 murine intestinal fecal lipids 296:325 In this report, we demonstrate that murine intestinal fecal lipids effectively block Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses to naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp. 27208127 8 69 theme community 1444:1452 arg1 composition 1390:1400 the microbial composition 1376:1400 the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community 1376:1452 Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, can drive the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community toward a more pathogenic state. 27208127 6 70 dep communities 1160:1170 arg1 response 1110:1117 response 1110:1117 response 1110:1117 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 11 71 theme protective 1993:2002 arg1 barrier 2004:2010 a lipid-type protective barrier 1980:2010 a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine 1980:2027 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 4 72 theme significant 459:469 arg1 proportion 471:480 a significant proportion 457:480 a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids 457:521 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 11 73 from effects 2151:2157 arg1 bacteria 2180:2187 harmful bacteria 2172:2187 harmful bacteria 2172:2187 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 1 74 theme Intestinal 104:113 arg1 mechanisms 127:136 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms 93:136 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms 93:136 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms must protect the host intestinal tissue from endogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) produced by the intestinal microbiota. 27208127 8 75 theme pathogenic 1468:1477 arg1 state 1479:1483 a more pathogenic state 1461:1483 a more pathogenic state 1461:1483 Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, can drive the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community toward a more pathogenic state. 27208127 11 76 from discovery 1967:1975 arg1 intestine 2019:2027 the intestine 2015:2027 the intestine 2015:2027 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 4 77 theme TLR4 679:682 arg1 pathway 694:700 the TLR4 signaling pathway 675:700 the TLR4 signaling pathway 675:700 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 4 78 theme pathway 694:700 arg1 steps 666:670 the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps 605:670 the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway 605:700 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 9 79 theme Gram-negative 1514:1526 arg1 bacteria 1528:1535 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria 1486:1535 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria 1486:1535 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria are capable of eliciting potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway. 27208127 1 80 theme homeostasis 115:125 arg1 mechanisms 127:136 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms 93:136 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms 93:136 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms must protect the host intestinal tissue from endogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) produced by the intestinal microbiota. 27208127 6 81 theme LPS 1000:1002 arg1 structures 1004:1013 naturally occurring LPS structures 980:1013 naturally occurring LPS structures 980:1013 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 4 82 theme MD-2 661:664 arg1 steps 666:670 the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps 605:670 the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway 605:700 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 1 83 theme host 155:158 arg1 tissue 171:176 the host intestinal tissue 151:176 the host intestinal tissue 151:176 UNLABELLED Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms must protect the host intestinal tissue from endogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) produced by the intestinal microbiota. 27208127 4 84 theme lipids 516:521 arg1 proportion 471:480 a significant proportion 457:480 a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids 457:521 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 7 85 theme animals 1196:1202 arg1 guts 1188:1191 The guts 1184:1191 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals 1173:1202 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals harbor a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease. 27208127 5 86 theme bowel 937:941 arg1 disease 943:949 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease 887:949 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease 887:949 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 11 87 theme LPSs 2069:2072 arg1 effects 2058:2064 the deleterious effects 2042:2064 the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria 2042:2097 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 4 88 theme protein 636:642 arg1 steps 666:670 the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps 605:670 the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway 605:700 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 8 89 theme dietary 1350:1356 arg1 habits 1358:1363 dietary habits 1350:1363 dietary habits 1350:1363 Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, can drive the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community toward a more pathogenic state. 27208127 9 90 theme inflammatory 1583:1594 arg1 responses 1596:1604 potentially damaging inflammatory responses 1562:1604 potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues 1562:1637 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria are capable of eliciting potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway. 27208127 6 91 theme novel 1052:1056 arg1 mechanism 1070:1078 a novel homeostasis mechanism 1050:1078 a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities 1050:1170 The selective inhibition of naturally occurring LPS structures by intestinal lipids may represent a novel homeostasis mechanism that blocks LPS activation in response to symbiotic but not dysbiotic microbial communities. 27208127 11 92 theme mechanistic 2208:2218 arg1 insight 2220:2226 a novel mechanistic insight 2200:2226 a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders 2200:2265 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 0 93 from Activation 64:73 arg1 Intestine 82:90 the Intestine 78:90 the Intestine 78:90 Cardiolipins Act as a Selective Barrier to Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in the Intestine. 27208127 5 94 theme -treated 915:922 arg1 disease 943:949 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease 887:949 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease 887:949 It is further demonstrated that intestinal lipids and CL are less effective at neutralizing more potent Enterobacteriaceae-type LPS, which is enriched in feces obtained from mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated inflammatory bowel disease. 27208127 9 95 theme host 1615:1618 arg1 tissues 1631:1637 the host intestinal tissues 1611:1637 the host intestinal tissues 1611:1637 Both beneficial and harmful Gram-negative bacteria are capable of eliciting potentially damaging inflammatory responses from the host intestinal tissues via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent pathway. 27208127 11 96 theme intestinal 2246:2255 arg1 disorders 2257:2265 inflammatory intestinal disorders 2233:2265 inflammatory intestinal disorders 2233:2265 This report describes the discovery of a lipid-type protective barrier in the intestine that reduces the deleterious effects of LPSs from beneficial bacteria but is less effective in dampening the inflammatory effects of LPSs from harmful bacteria, providing a novel mechanistic insight into inflammatory intestinal disorders. 27208127 8 97 theme microbial 1380:1388 arg1 composition 1390:1400 the microbial composition 1376:1400 the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community 1376:1452 Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, can drive the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community toward a more pathogenic state. 27208127 10 98 theme Physical 1689:1696 arg1 barriers 1706:1713 Physical mucosal barriers 1689:1713 Physical mucosal barriers 1689:1713 Physical mucosal barriers and antibodies produced by the intestinal immune system protect against the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS, although it is unknown why some bacteria are more effective at overcoming the protective barriers than others. 27208127 0 99 theme Toll-Like 43:51 arg1 Activation 64:73 Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation 43:73 Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in the Intestine 43:90 Cardiolipins Act as a Selective Barrier to Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in the Intestine. 27208127 0 100 theme Receptor 53:60 arg1 Activation 64:73 Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation 43:73 Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in the Intestine 43:90 Cardiolipins Act as a Selective Barrier to Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in the Intestine. 27208127 7 101 theme intestinal 1278:1287 arg1 health 1289:1294 intestinal health 1278:1294 intestinal health 1278:1294 IMPORTANCE The guts of animals harbor a variety of Gram-negative bacteria associated with both states of intestinal health and states of disease. 27208127 2 102 theme Toll-like 345:353 arg1 receptor 355:362 Toll-like receptor 4 345:364 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses to naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp 345:421 In this report, we demonstrate that murine intestinal fecal lipids effectively block Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses to naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp. 27208127 2 102 theme Toll-like 345:353 arg1 TLR4 367:370 TLR4 367:370 TLR4 367:370 In this report, we demonstrate that murine intestinal fecal lipids effectively block Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses to naturally occurring Bacteroidetes sp. 27208127 10 103 theme protective 1908:1917 arg1 barriers 1919:1926 the protective barriers 1904:1926 the protective barriers than others 1904:1938 Physical mucosal barriers and antibodies produced by the intestinal immune system protect against the undesired inflammatory effects of LPS, although it is unknown why some bacteria are more effective at overcoming the protective barriers than others. 27208127 8 104 theme host 1409:1412 arg1 animal 1414:1419 the host animal's 1405:1421 the host animal's intestinal bacterial community 1405:1452 Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, can drive the microbial composition of the host animal's intestinal bacterial community toward a more pathogenic state. 27208127 4 105 theme binding 628:634 arg1 LBP 645:647 LBP 645:647 LBP 645:647 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 27208127 4 105 theme binding 628:634 arg1 protein 636:642 lipopolysaccharide binding protein 609:642 lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) 609:648 Cardiolipin (CL) represents a significant proportion of the total intestinal and fecal lipids and, furthermore, potently antagonizes TLR4 activation by reducing LPS binding at the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2 steps of the TLR4 signaling pathway. 25124870 4 0 theme 3D 801:802 arg1 gels 804:807 3D gels 801:807 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice 801:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 6 1 theme ECM 1180:1182 arg1 components 1184:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 8 2 theme relative 1704:1711 arg1 stroma 1697:1702 BPH and prostate cancer stroma 1673:1702 BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate 1673:1740 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 7 3 theme concentration 1343:1355 arg1 addition 1307:1314 The addition 1303:1314 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen 1303:1430 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 6 4 theme several 1152:1158 arg1 components 1184:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 7 5 theme size 1334:1337 arg1 addition 1307:1314 The addition 1303:1314 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen 1303:1430 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 6 6 theme collagen 1071:1078 arg1 extracts 1080:1087 the collagen extracts 1067:1087 the collagen extracts 1067:1087 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 4 7 theme human 620:624 arg1 lines 652:656 human prostatic epithelial cell lines 620:656 human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice 620:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 8 8 theme prostate 1733:1740 arg1 stroma 1716:1721 stroma 1716:1721 stroma of normal prostate 1716:1740 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 2 9 theme Collageous 292:301 arg1 ECM 303:305 Collageous ECM 292:305 Collageous ECM extracted from the tails of aged mice 292:343 Collageous ECM extracted from the tails of aged mice exhibits many characteristics of collagen in aged tissues, including the prostate. 25124870 7 10 located found 1365:1369 arg2 that 1360:1363 that 1360:1363 that 1360:1363 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 7 10 located found 1365:1369 arg1 extracts 1388:1395 aged collagen extracts 1374:1395 aged collagen extracts 1374:1395 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 9 11 with epithelium 1870:1879 arg1 aging 1886:1890 aging 1886:1890 aging 1886:1890 Collectively, these results suggest that changes in ECM involving increased levels of HA contribute to the growth of prostatic epithelium with aging. 25124870 5 12 theme collagen 958:965 arg1 gels 967:970 aged collagen gels 953:970 aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels 953:1002 We found that proliferation of PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells were all increased by culture on aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels. 25124870 8 13 theme histochemical 1575:1587 arg1 analyses 1589:1596 histochemical analyses 1575:1596 histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues 1575:1623 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 4 14 theme mice 855:858 arg1 extracts 828:835 collagen extracts 819:835 collagen extracts of young and aged mice 819:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 9 15 from changes 1784:1790 arg1 ECM 1795:1797 ECM 1795:1797 ECM involving increased levels of HA 1795:1830 Collectively, these results suggest that changes in ECM involving increased levels of HA contribute to the growth of prostatic epithelium with aging. 25124870 5 16 theme relative 972:979 arg1 gels 967:970 aged collagen gels 953:970 aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels 953:1002 We found that proliferation of PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells were all increased by culture on aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels. 25124870 3 17 theme interactions 555:566 arg1 study 528:532 the study 524:532 the study of specific cell-ECM interactions 524:566 When polymerized into a 3-dimensional (3D) gel, these collagen extracts can serve as models for the study of specific cell-ECM interactions. 25124870 4 18 theme collagen 819:826 arg1 extracts 828:835 collagen extracts 819:835 collagen extracts of young and aged mice 819:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 6 19 theme young 1113:1117 arg1 collagen 1119:1126 aged and young collagen 1104:1126 aged and young collagen 1104:1126 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 4 20 theme normal 671:676 arg1 PEC 705:707 PEC 705:707 PEC 705:707 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 4 20 theme normal 671:676 arg1 cells 698:702 normal prostate epithelial cells 671:702 normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC) 671:708 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 6 21 theme aged 1200:1203 arg1 collagen 1205:1212 aged collagen 1200:1212 aged collagen 1200:1212 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 3 22 theme specific 537:544 arg1 interactions 555:566 specific cell-ECM interactions 537:566 specific cell-ECM interactions 537:566 When polymerized into a 3-dimensional (3D) gel, these collagen extracts can serve as models for the study of specific cell-ECM interactions. 25124870 8 23 theme prostatic 1607:1615 arg1 tissues 1617:1623 human prostatic tissues 1601:1623 human prostatic tissues 1601:1623 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 6 24 contain had 1214:1216 arg2 content 1233:1239 a much greater content 1218:1239 a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) 1218:1280 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 6 24 contain had 1214:1216 arg1 collagen 1205:1212 aged collagen 1200:1212 aged collagen 1200:1212 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 7 25 theme BPH-1 1482:1486 arg1 cells 1488:1492 BPH-1 cells 1482:1492 BPH-1 cells 1482:1492 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 6 26 theme aged 1104:1107 arg1 collagen 1119:1126 aged and young collagen 1104:1126 aged and young collagen 1104:1126 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 4 27 theme epithelial 687:696 arg1 PEC 705:707 PEC 705:707 PEC 705:707 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 4 27 theme epithelial 687:696 arg1 cells 698:702 normal prostate epithelial cells 671:702 normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC) 671:708 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 1 28 theme prostate 123:130 arg1 matrix 103:108 The extracellular matrix 85:108 The extracellular matrix (ECM) 85:114 The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the prostate, which is comprised primarily of collagen, becomes increasingly disorganized with age, a property that may influence the development of hyperplasia and cancer. 25124870 1 28 theme prostate 123:130 arg1 ECM 111:113 ECM 111:113 ECM 111:113 The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the prostate, which is comprised primarily of collagen, becomes increasingly disorganized with age, a property that may influence the development of hyperplasia and cancer. 25124870 9 29 theme HA 1829:1830 arg1 levels 1819:1824 increased levels 1809:1824 increased levels of HA 1809:1830 Collectively, these results suggest that changes in ECM involving increased levels of HA contribute to the growth of prostatic epithelium with aging. 25124870 4 30 theme epithelial 636:645 arg1 lines 652:656 human prostatic epithelial cell lines 620:656 human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice 620:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 0 31 theme cell 65:68 arg1 proliferation 70:82 prostate epithelial cell proliferation 45:82 prostate epithelial cell proliferation 45:82 Hyaluronan in aged collagen matrix increases prostate epithelial cell proliferation. 25124870 8 32 theme higher 1646:1651 arg1 expression 1653:1662 significantly higher expression 1632:1662 significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate 1632:1740 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 4 33 with contact 788:794 arg1 gels 804:807 3D gels 801:807 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice 801:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 4 34 theme lines 652:656 arg1 behaviors 607:615 the behaviors 603:615 the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice 603:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 6 35 theme hyaluronan 1266:1275 arg1 content 1233:1239 a much greater content 1218:1239 a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) 1218:1280 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 0 36 from Hyaluronan 0:9 arg1 matrix 28:33 aged collagen matrix 14:33 aged collagen matrix 14:33 Hyaluronan in aged collagen matrix increases prostate epithelial cell proliferation. 25124870 4 37 theme benign 711:716 arg1 BPH-1 741:745 BPH-1 741:745 BPH-1 741:745 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 4 37 theme benign 711:716 arg1 hyperplasia 728:738 benign prostatic hyperplasia 711:738 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1) 711:746 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 5 38 theme young 984:988 arg1 gels 999:1002 young collagen gels 984:1002 young collagen gels 984:1002 We found that proliferation of PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells were all increased by culture on aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels. 25124870 6 39 theme extracts 1080:1087 arg1 composition 1052:1062 the composition 1048:1062 the composition of the collagen extracts 1048:1087 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 8 40 from expression 1653:1662 arg1 stroma 1697:1702 BPH and prostate cancer stroma 1673:1702 BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate 1673:1740 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 9 41 theme prostatic 1860:1868 arg1 epithelium 1870:1879 prostatic epithelium 1860:1879 prostatic epithelium with aging 1860:1890 Collectively, these results suggest that changes in ECM involving increased levels of HA contribute to the growth of prostatic epithelium with aging. 25124870 2 42 theme collagen 378:385 arg1 characteristics 359:373 many characteristics 354:373 many characteristics of collagen 354:385 Collageous ECM extracted from the tails of aged mice exhibits many characteristics of collagen in aged tissues, including the prostate. 25124870 7 43 theme relative 1526:1533 arg1 PEC 1506:1508 PEC 1506:1508 PEC 1506:1508 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 8 44 theme cancer 1690:1695 arg1 stroma 1697:1702 BPH and prostate cancer stroma 1673:1702 BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate 1673:1740 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 0 45 theme aged 14:17 arg1 matrix 28:33 aged collagen matrix 14:33 aged collagen matrix 14:33 Hyaluronan in aged collagen matrix increases prostate epithelial cell proliferation. 25124870 1 46 theme hyperplasia 268:278 arg1 development 253:263 the development 249:263 the development of hyperplasia and cancer 249:289 The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the prostate, which is comprised primarily of collagen, becomes increasingly disorganized with age, a property that may influence the development of hyperplasia and cancer. 25124870 6 47 contain had 1128:1130 arg2 components 1184:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 6 47 contain had 1128:1130 arg1 collagen 1119:1126 aged and young collagen 1104:1126 aged and young collagen 1104:1126 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 6 47 contain had 1128:1130 arg2 amount 1142:1147 a similar amount 1132:1147 a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components 1132:1193 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 2 48 theme aged 390:393 arg1 prostate 418:425 the prostate 414:425 the prostate 414:425 Collageous ECM extracted from the tails of aged mice exhibits many characteristics of collagen in aged tissues, including the prostate. 25124870 2 48 theme aged 390:393 arg1 tissues 395:401 aged tissues 390:401 aged tissues 390:401 Collageous ECM extracted from the tails of aged mice exhibits many characteristics of collagen in aged tissues, including the prostate. 25124870 1 49 theme cancer 284:289 arg1 development 253:263 the development 249:263 the development of hyperplasia and cancer 249:289 The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the prostate, which is comprised primarily of collagen, becomes increasingly disorganized with age, a property that may influence the development of hyperplasia and cancer. 25124870 3 50 theme 3D 467:468 arg1 gel 471:473 a 3-dimensional (3D) gel 450:473 a 3-dimensional (3D) gel 450:473 When polymerized into a 3-dimensional (3D) gel, these collagen extracts can serve as models for the study of specific cell-ECM interactions. 25124870 0 51 theme prostate 45:52 arg1 proliferation 70:82 prostate epithelial cell proliferation 45:82 prostate epithelial cell proliferation 45:82 Hyaluronan in aged collagen matrix increases prostate epithelial cell proliferation. 25124870 7 52 theme aged 1374:1377 arg1 extracts 1388:1395 aged collagen extracts 1374:1395 aged collagen extracts 1374:1395 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 6 53 theme age-associated 1018:1031 arg1 differences 1033:1043 age-associated differences 1018:1043 age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts 1018:1087 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 3 54 theme 3-dimensional 452:464 arg1 gel 471:473 a 3-dimensional (3D) gel 450:473 a 3-dimensional (3D) gel 450:473 When polymerized into a 3-dimensional (3D) gel, these collagen extracts can serve as models for the study of specific cell-ECM interactions. 25124870 6 55 theme young 1287:1291 arg1 collagen 1293:1300 young collagen 1287:1300 young collagen 1287:1300 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 5 56 theme LNCaP 908:912 arg1 cells 914:918 PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells 892:918 PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells 892:918 We found that proliferation of PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells were all increased by culture on aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels. 25124870 6 57 theme components 1184:1193 arg1 amount 1142:1147 a similar amount 1132:1147 a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components 1132:1193 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 6 57 theme components 1184:1193 arg1 components 1184:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 2 58 theme aged 335:338 arg1 mice 340:343 aged mice 335:343 aged mice 335:343 Collageous ECM extracted from the tails of aged mice exhibits many characteristics of collagen in aged tissues, including the prostate. 25124870 6 59 theme collagen-associated 1160:1178 arg1 components 1184:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 7 60 theme similar 1326:1332 arg1 size 1334:1337 similar size 1326:1337 similar size 1326:1337 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 7 61 theme HA 1319:1320 arg1 addition 1307:1314 The addition 1303:1314 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen 1303:1430 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 8 62 theme normal 1726:1731 arg1 prostate 1733:1740 normal prostate 1726:1740 normal prostate 1726:1740 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 6 63 theme similar 1134:1140 arg1 amount 1142:1147 a similar amount 1132:1147 a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components 1132:1193 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 6 63 theme similar 1134:1140 arg1 components 1184:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 several collagen-associated ECM components 1152:1193 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 6 64 theme greater 1225:1231 arg1 content 1233:1239 a much greater content 1218:1239 a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) 1218:1280 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 4 65 theme young 840:844 arg1 mice 855:858 young and aged mice 840:858 young and aged mice 840:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 3 66 theme cell-ECM 546:553 arg1 interactions 555:566 specific cell-ECM interactions 537:566 specific cell-ECM interactions 537:566 When polymerized into a 3-dimensional (3D) gel, these collagen extracts can serve as models for the study of specific cell-ECM interactions. 25124870 4 67 theme aged 850:853 arg1 mice 855:858 young and aged mice 840:858 young and aged mice 840:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 9 68 theme increased 1809:1817 arg1 levels 1819:1824 increased levels 1809:1824 increased levels of HA 1809:1830 Collectively, these results suggest that changes in ECM involving increased levels of HA contribute to the growth of prostatic epithelium with aging. 25124870 8 69 theme human 1601:1605 arg1 tissues 1617:1623 human prostatic tissues 1601:1623 human prostatic tissues 1601:1623 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 7 70 theme increased 1455:1463 arg1 proliferation 1465:1477 significantly increased proliferation 1441:1477 significantly increased proliferation 1441:1477 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 4 71 theme prostate 678:685 arg1 PEC 705:707 PEC 705:707 PEC 705:707 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 4 71 theme prostate 678:685 arg1 cells 698:702 normal prostate epithelial cells 671:702 normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC) 671:708 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 5 72 theme aged 953:956 arg1 gels 967:970 aged collagen gels 953:970 aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels 953:1002 We found that proliferation of PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells were all increased by culture on aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels. 25124870 8 73 theme tissues 1617:1623 arg1 analyses 1589:1596 histochemical analyses 1575:1596 histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues 1575:1623 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 4 74 theme prostatic 626:634 arg1 lines 652:656 human prostatic epithelial cell lines 620:656 human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice 620:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 7 75 theme young 1417:1421 arg1 collagen 1423:1430 young collagen 1417:1430 young collagen 1417:1430 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 4 76 theme cell 647:650 arg1 lines 652:656 human prostatic epithelial cell lines 620:656 human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice 620:858 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 6 77 theme glycosaminoglycan 1248:1264 arg1 HA 1278:1279 HA 1278:1279 HA 1278:1279 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 6 77 theme glycosaminoglycan 1248:1264 arg1 hyaluronan 1266:1275 the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan 1244:1275 the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) 1244:1280 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 5 78 theme collagen 990:997 arg1 gels 999:1002 young collagen gels 984:1002 young collagen gels 984:1002 We found that proliferation of PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells were all increased by culture on aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels. 25124870 8 79 theme HA 1667:1668 arg1 expression 1653:1662 significantly higher expression 1632:1662 significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate 1632:1740 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 5 80 theme PEC 892:894 arg1 cells 914:918 PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells 892:918 PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells 892:918 We found that proliferation of PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells were all increased by culture on aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels. 25124870 9 81 theme epithelium 1870:1879 arg1 growth 1850:1855 the growth 1846:1855 the growth of prostatic epithelium with aging 1846:1890 Collectively, these results suggest that changes in ECM involving increased levels of HA contribute to the growth of prostatic epithelium with aging. 25124870 4 82 theme prostatic 718:726 arg1 BPH-1 741:745 BPH-1 741:745 BPH-1 741:745 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 4 82 theme prostatic 718:726 arg1 hyperplasia 728:738 benign prostatic hyperplasia 711:738 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1) 711:746 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 8 83 theme BPH 1673:1675 arg1 stroma 1697:1702 BPH and prostate cancer stroma 1673:1702 BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate 1673:1740 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 1 84 theme extracellular 89:101 arg1 matrix 103:108 The extracellular matrix 85:108 The extracellular matrix (ECM) 85:114 The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the prostate, which is comprised primarily of collagen, becomes increasingly disorganized with age, a property that may influence the development of hyperplasia and cancer. 25124870 1 84 theme extracellular 89:101 arg1 ECM 111:113 ECM 111:113 ECM 111:113 The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the prostate, which is comprised primarily of collagen, becomes increasingly disorganized with age, a property that may influence the development of hyperplasia and cancer. 25124870 2 85 theme many 354:357 arg1 characteristics 359:373 many characteristics 354:373 many characteristics of collagen 354:385 Collageous ECM extracted from the tails of aged mice exhibits many characteristics of collagen in aged tissues, including the prostate. 25124870 0 86 theme collagen 19:26 arg1 matrix 28:33 aged collagen matrix 14:33 aged collagen matrix 14:33 Hyaluronan in aged collagen matrix increases prostate epithelial cell proliferation. 25124870 1 87 with disorganized 196:207 arg1 age 214:216 age 214:216 age 214:216 The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the prostate, which is comprised primarily of collagen, becomes increasingly disorganized with age, a property that may influence the development of hyperplasia and cancer. 25124870 1 87 with disorganized 196:207 arg1 property 221:228 a property 219:228 a property that may influence the development of hyperplasia and cancer 219:289 The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the prostate, which is comprised primarily of collagen, becomes increasingly disorganized with age, a property that may influence the development of hyperplasia and cancer. 25124870 8 88 theme prostate 1681:1688 arg1 cancer 1690:1695 prostate cancer 1681:1695 prostate cancer 1681:1695 Of note, histochemical analyses of human prostatic tissues showed significantly higher expression of HA in BPH and prostate cancer stroma relative to stroma of normal prostate. 25124870 5 89 theme cells 914:918 arg1 proliferation 875:887 proliferation 875:887 proliferation of PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells 875:918 We found that proliferation of PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells were all increased by culture on aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels. 25124870 7 90 theme LNCaP 1513:1517 arg1 cells 1519:1523 LNCaP cells 1513:1523 LNCaP cells 1513:1523 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 0 91 theme epithelial 54:63 arg1 proliferation 70:82 prostate epithelial cell proliferation 45:82 prostate epithelial cell proliferation 45:82 Hyaluronan in aged collagen matrix increases prostate epithelial cell proliferation. 25124870 6 92 from differences 1033:1043 arg1 composition 1052:1062 the composition 1048:1062 the composition of the collagen extracts 1048:1087 In examining age-associated differences in the composition of the collagen extracts, we found that aged and young collagen had a similar amount of several collagen-associated ECM components, but aged collagen had a much greater content of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) than young collagen. 25124870 7 93 theme collagen 1379:1386 arg1 extracts 1388:1395 aged collagen extracts 1374:1395 aged collagen extracts 1374:1395 The addition of HA (of similar size and concentration to that found in aged collagen extracts) to cells placed in young collagen elicited significantly increased proliferation in BPH-1 cells, but not in PEC or LNCaP cells, relative to controls not exposed to HA. 25124870 5 94 theme BPH-1 897:901 arg1 cells 914:918 PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells 892:918 PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells 892:918 We found that proliferation of PEC, BPH-1, and LNCaP cells were all increased by culture on aged collagen gels relative to young collagen gels. 25124870 3 95 theme collagen 482:489 arg1 extracts 491:498 these collagen extracts 476:498 these collagen extracts 476:498 When polymerized into a 3-dimensional (3D) gel, these collagen extracts can serve as models for the study of specific cell-ECM interactions. 25124870 3 95 theme collagen 482:489 arg1 models 513:518 models 513:518 models for the study of specific cell-ECM interactions 513:566 When polymerized into a 3-dimensional (3D) gel, these collagen extracts can serve as models for the study of specific cell-ECM interactions. 25124870 4 96 theme present 576:582 arg1 study 584:588 the present study 572:588 the present study 572:588 In the present study, we examined the behaviors of human prostatic epithelial cell lines representing normal prostate epithelial cells (PEC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1), and adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cultured in contact with 3D gels made from collagen extracts of young and aged mice. 25124870 2 97 theme mice 340:343 arg1 tails 326:330 the tails 322:330 the tails of aged mice 322:343 Collageous ECM extracted from the tails of aged mice exhibits many characteristics of collagen in aged tissues, including the prostate. 26110392 7 0 theme osteocalcin 933:943 arg1 content 945:951 Similar osteocalcin content 925:951 Similar osteocalcin content 925:951 Similar osteocalcin content was detected on HA-formed agarose on Day 21 and levels increased on Day 28. 26110392 0 1 theme Osteogenic 87:96 arg1 Capability 98:107 Osteogenic Capability 87:107 Osteogenic Capability 87:107 Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels Enhance Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Osteogenic Capability. 26110392 9 2 from stage 1292:1296 arg1 capability 1270:1279 the capability 1266:1279 the capability at a later stage 1266:1296 Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. 26110392 7 3 located detected 957:964 arg2 content 945:951 Similar osteocalcin content 925:951 Similar osteocalcin content 925:951 Similar osteocalcin content was detected on HA-formed agarose on Day 21 and levels increased on Day 28. 26110392 7 3 located detected 957:964 arg1 Day 990:992 Day 21 990:995 Day 21 990:995 Similar osteocalcin content was detected on HA-formed agarose on Day 21 and levels increased on Day 28. 26110392 7 3 located detected 957:964 arg1 agarose 979:985 HA-formed agarose 969:985 HA-formed agarose 969:985 Similar osteocalcin content was detected on HA-formed agarose on Day 21 and levels increased on Day 28. 26110392 5 4 theme HA- 685:687 arg1 gels 714:717 both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels 676:717 gels 714:717 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 9 5 theme HA- 1217:1219 arg1 gels 1246:1249 both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels 1212:1249 both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels 1212:1249 Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. 26110392 10 6 theme CaCO3-formed 1339:1350 arg1 agarose 1352:1358 either HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose 1325:1358 either HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose 1325:1358 Therefore, MSCs loaded on either HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose could potentially be employed for the repair of critical bone defects. 26110392 5 7 located detected 753:760 arg1 gel 778:780 bare agarose gel 765:780 bare agarose gel 765:780 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 5 7 located detected 753:760 arg2 activity 735:742 basal activity 729:742 basal activity 729:742 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 5 8 theme High 625:628 arg1 activity 651:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity 625:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity 625:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 1 9 theme bone 241:244 arg1 regeneration 253:264 bone tissue regeneration 241:264 bone tissue regeneration 241:264 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 5 10 theme CaCO3-formed 693:704 arg1 gels 714:717 both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels 676:717 gels 714:717 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 9 11 theme CaCO3-formed 1225:1236 arg1 gels 1246:1249 both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels 1212:1249 both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels 1212:1249 Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. 26110392 9 12 theme osteogenic 1122:1131 arg1 capability 1133:1142 osteogenic capability 1122:1142 osteogenic capability of MSCs 1122:1150 Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. 26110392 5 13 located detected 664:671 arg1 gels 714:717 both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels 676:717 gels 714:717 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 5 13 located detected 664:671 arg2 activity 651:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity 625:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity 625:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 3 14 theme multipotent 395:405 arg1 cells 378:382 Mesenchymal stem cells 361:382 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 361:389 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. 26110392 3 14 theme multipotent 395:405 arg1 cells 407:411 multipotent cells 395:411 multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts 395:464 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. 26110392 5 15 theme agarose 706:712 arg1 gels 714:717 both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels 676:717 gels 714:717 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 6 16 theme agarose 846:852 arg1 gel 854:856 CaCO3-formed agarose gel 833:856 CaCO3-formed agarose gel 833:856 Bone-specific osteocalcin content was detected on CaCO3-formed agarose gel on Day 14 of culture, and levels subsequently increased over time. 26110392 10 17 theme HA- 1332:1334 arg1 agarose 1352:1358 either HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose 1325:1358 either HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose 1325:1358 Therefore, MSCs loaded on either HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose could potentially be employed for the repair of critical bone defects. 26110392 3 18 theme Mesenchymal 361:371 arg1 cells 378:382 Mesenchymal stem cells 361:382 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 361:389 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. 26110392 3 18 theme Mesenchymal 361:371 arg1 cells 407:411 multipotent cells 395:411 multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts 395:464 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. 26110392 3 18 theme Mesenchymal 361:371 arg1 MSCs 385:388 MSCs 385:388 MSCs 385:388 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. 26110392 0 19 theme Composite 19:27 arg1 Gels 29:32 Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels 0:32 Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels 0:32 Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels Enhance Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Osteogenic Capability. 26110392 6 20 theme CaCO3-formed 833:844 arg1 gel 854:856 CaCO3-formed agarose gel 833:856 CaCO3-formed agarose gel 833:856 Bone-specific osteocalcin content was detected on CaCO3-formed agarose gel on Day 14 of culture, and levels subsequently increased over time. 26110392 8 21 theme agarose 1095:1101 arg1 gel 1103:1105 bare agarose gel 1090:1105 bare agarose gel 1090:1105 In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. 26110392 2 22 theme bone 288:291 arg1 defects 293:299 critical bone defects 279:299 critical bone defects 279:299 However, in critical bone defects, the regeneration capability of these materials is limited. 26110392 1 23 theme organic 172:178 arg1 polymer 180:186 an organic polymer 169:186 an organic polymer of agarose gel 169:201 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 0 24 theme Biomineral/Agarose 0:17 arg1 Gels 29:32 Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels 0:32 Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels 0:32 Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels Enhance Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Osteogenic Capability. 26110392 1 25 theme tissue 246:251 arg1 regeneration 253:264 bone tissue regeneration 241:264 bone tissue regeneration 241:264 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 9 26 theme MSCs 1147:1150 arg1 capability 1133:1142 osteogenic capability 1122:1142 osteogenic capability of MSCs 1122:1150 Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. 26110392 2 27 theme critical 279:286 arg1 defects 293:299 critical bone defects 279:299 critical bone defects 279:299 However, in critical bone defects, the regeneration capability of these materials is limited. 26110392 5 28 theme bare 765:768 arg1 gel 778:780 bare agarose gel 765:780 bare agarose gel 765:780 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 4 29 theme HA- 500:502 arg1 gel 528:530 HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel 500:530 HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel 500:530 In this study, we loaded MSCs on HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel and cultured them with dexamethasone, which triggers the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. 26110392 10 30 theme critical 1408:1415 arg1 defects 1422:1428 critical bone defects 1408:1428 critical bone defects 1408:1428 Therefore, MSCs loaded on either HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose could potentially be employed for the repair of critical bone defects. 26110392 6 31 located detected 821:828 arg1 gel 854:856 CaCO3-formed agarose gel 833:856 CaCO3-formed agarose gel 833:856 Bone-specific osteocalcin content was detected on CaCO3-formed agarose gel on Day 14 of culture, and levels subsequently increased over time. 26110392 6 31 located detected 821:828 arg2 content 809:815 Bone-specific osteocalcin content 783:815 Bone-specific osteocalcin content 783:815 Bone-specific osteocalcin content was detected on CaCO3-formed agarose gel on Day 14 of culture, and levels subsequently increased over time. 26110392 6 31 located detected 821:828 arg1 Day 861:863 Day 14 861:866 Day 14 of culture 861:877 Bone-specific osteocalcin content was detected on CaCO3-formed agarose gel on Day 14 of culture, and levels subsequently increased over time. 26110392 5 32 theme agarose 770:776 arg1 gel 778:780 bare agarose gel 765:780 bare agarose gel 765:780 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 4 33 theme agarose 520:526 arg1 gel 528:530 HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel 500:530 HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel 500:530 In this study, we loaded MSCs on HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel and cultured them with dexamethasone, which triggers the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. 26110392 1 34 theme agarose 191:197 arg1 gel 199:201 agarose gel 191:201 agarose gel 191:201 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 5 35 theme basal 729:733 arg1 activity 735:742 basal activity 729:742 basal activity 729:742 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 4 36 theme CaCO3-formed 507:518 arg1 gel 528:530 HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel 500:530 HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel 500:530 In this study, we loaded MSCs on HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel and cultured them with dexamethasone, which triggers the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. 26110392 5 37 dep gels 714:717 arg1 both 676:679 both 676:679 both 676:679 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 1 38 theme gel 199:201 arg1 polymer 180:186 an organic polymer 169:186 an organic polymer of agarose gel 169:201 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 4 39 theme MSCs 619:622 arg1 differentiation 600:614 the osteogenic differentiation 585:614 the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs 585:622 In this study, we loaded MSCs on HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel and cultured them with dexamethasone, which triggers the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. 26110392 4 40 from MSCs 492:495 arg1 gel 528:530 HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel 500:530 HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel 500:530 In this study, we loaded MSCs on HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel and cultured them with dexamethasone, which triggers the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. 26110392 1 41 used used 232:235 arg2 Hydroxyapatite 110:123 Hydroxyapatite 110:123 Hydroxyapatite (HA) 110:128 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 1 41 used used 232:235 arg2 carbonate 141:149 calcium carbonate 133:149 calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 133:157 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 1 41 used used 232:235 arg2 biomaterial 208:218 a biomaterial 206:218 a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration 206:264 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 7 42 theme HA-formed 969:977 arg1 agarose 979:985 HA-formed agarose 969:985 HA-formed agarose 969:985 Similar osteocalcin content was detected on HA-formed agarose on Day 21 and levels increased on Day 28. 26110392 4 43 theme osteogenic 589:598 arg1 differentiation 600:614 the osteogenic differentiation 585:614 the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs 585:622 In this study, we loaded MSCs on HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel and cultured them with dexamethasone, which triggers the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. 26110392 3 44 theme stem 373:376 arg1 cells 378:382 Mesenchymal stem cells 361:382 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 361:389 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. 26110392 3 44 theme stem 373:376 arg1 cells 407:411 multipotent cells 395:411 multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts 395:464 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. 26110392 3 44 theme stem 373:376 arg1 MSCs 385:388 MSCs 385:388 MSCs 385:388 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. 26110392 8 45 theme bare 1090:1093 arg1 gel 1103:1105 bare agarose gel 1090:1105 bare agarose gel 1090:1105 In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. 26110392 5 46 theme alkaline 630:637 arg1 activity 651:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity 625:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity 625:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 0 47 theme Cells 76:80 arg1 Proliferation 42:54 Proliferation 42:54 Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells 42:80 Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels Enhance Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Osteogenic Capability. 26110392 9 48 theme agarose 1238:1244 arg1 gels 1246:1249 both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels 1212:1249 both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels 1212:1249 Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. 26110392 2 49 theme regeneration 306:317 arg1 capability 319:328 the regeneration capability 302:328 the regeneration capability of these materials 302:347 However, in critical bone defects, the regeneration capability of these materials is limited. 26110392 0 50 theme Mesenchymal 59:69 arg1 Cells 76:80 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 59:80 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 59:80 Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels Enhance Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Osteogenic Capability. 26110392 9 51 theme later 1286:1290 arg1 stage 1292:1296 a later stage 1284:1296 a later stage 1284:1296 Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. 26110392 5 52 theme phosphatase 639:649 arg1 activity 651:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity 625:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity 625:658 High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. 26110392 6 53 theme osteocalcin 797:807 arg1 content 809:815 Bone-specific osteocalcin content 783:815 Bone-specific osteocalcin content 783:815 Bone-specific osteocalcin content was detected on CaCO3-formed agarose gel on Day 14 of culture, and levels subsequently increased over time. 26110392 9 54 theme CaCO3-formed 1168:1179 arg1 agarose 1181:1187 CaCO3-formed agarose 1168:1187 CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage 1168:1205 Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. 26110392 10 55 theme defects 1422:1428 arg1 repair 1398:1403 the repair 1394:1403 the repair of critical bone defects 1394:1428 Therefore, MSCs loaded on either HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose could potentially be employed for the repair of critical bone defects. 26110392 6 56 theme Bone-specific 783:795 arg1 content 809:815 Bone-specific osteocalcin content 783:815 Bone-specific osteocalcin content 783:815 Bone-specific osteocalcin content was detected on CaCO3-formed agarose gel on Day 14 of culture, and levels subsequently increased over time. 26110392 8 57 theme small 1047:1051 arg1 osteocalcin 1064:1074 osteocalcin 1064:1074 osteocalcin 1064:1074 In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. 26110392 8 57 theme small 1047:1051 arg1 amounts 1053:1059 only small amounts 1042:1059 only small amounts of osteocalcin 1042:1074 In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. 26110392 1 58 theme calcium 133:139 arg1 CaCO3 152:156 CaCO3 152:156 CaCO3 152:156 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 1 58 theme calcium 133:139 arg1 carbonate 141:149 calcium carbonate 133:149 calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 133:157 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 1 58 theme calcium 133:139 arg1 biomaterial 208:218 a biomaterial 206:218 a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration 206:264 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 1 58 theme calcium 133:139 arg1 Hydroxyapatite 110:123 Hydroxyapatite 110:123 Hydroxyapatite (HA) 110:128 Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26110392 8 59 located found 1081:1085 arg2 amounts 1053:1059 only small amounts 1042:1059 only small amounts of osteocalcin 1042:1074 In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. 26110392 8 59 located found 1081:1085 arg1 contrast 1032:1039 contrast 1032:1039 contrast 1032:1039 In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. 26110392 8 59 located found 1081:1085 arg2 osteocalcin 1064:1074 osteocalcin 1064:1074 osteocalcin 1064:1074 In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. 26110392 8 59 located found 1081:1085 arg1 gel 1103:1105 bare agarose gel 1090:1105 bare agarose gel 1090:1105 In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. 26110392 9 60 theme early 1195:1199 arg1 stage 1201:1205 an early stage 1192:1205 an early stage 1192:1205 Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. 26110392 3 61 theme forming 446:452 arg1 osteoblasts 454:464 bone forming osteoblasts 441:464 bone forming osteoblasts 441:464 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. 26110392 3 62 theme bone 441:444 arg1 osteoblasts 454:464 bone forming osteoblasts 441:464 bone forming osteoblasts 441:464 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. 26110392 8 63 theme osteocalcin 1064:1074 arg1 osteocalcin 1064:1074 osteocalcin 1064:1074 osteocalcin 1064:1074 In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. 26110392 8 63 theme osteocalcin 1064:1074 arg1 amounts 1053:1059 only small amounts 1042:1059 only small amounts of osteocalcin 1042:1074 In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. 26110392 2 64 theme materials 339:347 arg1 capability 319:328 the regeneration capability 302:328 the regeneration capability of these materials 302:347 However, in critical bone defects, the regeneration capability of these materials is limited. 26110392 0 65 theme Stem 71:74 arg1 Cells 76:80 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 59:80 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 59:80 Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels Enhance Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Osteogenic Capability. 26110392 6 66 theme culture 871:877 arg1 Day 861:863 Day 14 861:866 Day 14 of culture 861:877 Bone-specific osteocalcin content was detected on CaCO3-formed agarose gel on Day 14 of culture, and levels subsequently increased over time. 26110392 9 67 from stage 1201:1205 arg1 agarose 1181:1187 CaCO3-formed agarose 1168:1187 CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage 1168:1205 Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. 26110392 7 68 theme Similar 925:931 arg1 content 945:951 Similar osteocalcin content 925:951 Similar osteocalcin content 925:951 Similar osteocalcin content was detected on HA-formed agarose on Day 21 and levels increased on Day 28. 26110392 10 69 theme bone 1417:1420 arg1 defects 1422:1428 critical bone defects 1408:1428 critical bone defects 1408:1428 Therefore, MSCs loaded on either HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose could potentially be employed for the repair of critical bone defects. 29203416 11 0 from inhibition 2051:2060 arg1 concentrations 2120:2133 higher concentrations 2113:2133 higher concentrations 2113:2133 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 12 1 theme present 2204:2210 arg1 study 2212:2216 the present study 2200:2216 the present study 2200:2216 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 11 2 theme cell 2065:2068 arg1 binding 2078:2084 cell surface binding 2065:2084 cell surface binding 2065:2084 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 6 3 theme concentration-dependent 1192:1214 arg1 effects 1216:1222 multiple concentration-dependent effects 1183:1222 multiple concentration-dependent effects 1183:1222 The results show suramin and heparin exerted multiple concentration-dependent effects. 29203416 1 4 from evaluation 300:309 arg1 diseases 322:329 various diseases 314:329 various diseases 314:329 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 1 5 theme useful 199:204 arg1 Interference 162:173 RNA Interference 158:173 RNA Interference (RNAi) 158:180 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 1 5 theme useful 199:204 arg1 tool 206:209 a potentially useful tool 185:209 a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes 185:260 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 11 6 theme cargo 2104:2108 arg1 inhibition 2051:2060 inhibition 2051:2060 inhibition of cell surface binding 2051:2084 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 11 6 theme cargo 2104:2108 arg1 loss 2090:2093 loss 2090:2093 loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM) 2090:2185 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 3 7 used used 559:562 arg2 study 553:557 The study 549:557 The study 549:557 The study used a siRNA against the chemoresistance gene survivin and two model polyanion drugs (suramin, heparin). 29203416 11 8 theme quantitative 1821:1832 arg1 modeling 1852:1859 quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling 1821:1859 quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling 1821:1859 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 0 9 theme siRNA 142:146 arg1 lipoplex 148:155 cationic siRNA lipoplex 133:155 cationic siRNA lipoplex 133:155 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 29203416 5 10 theme quantitative 1075:1086 arg1 analysis 1094:1101 quantitative image analysis 1075:1101 quantitative image analysis 1075:1101 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 10 theme quantitative 1075:1086 arg1 markers 1045:1051 endocytosis markers 1033:1051 endocytosis markers 1033:1051 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 11 11 theme binding 2078:2084 arg1 inhibition 2051:2060 inhibition 2051:2060 inhibition of cell surface binding 2051:2084 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 11 11 theme binding 2078:2084 arg1 loss 2090:2093 loss 2090:2093 loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM) 2090:2185 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 2 12 theme liposomes 538:546 arg1 Lipoplex 472:479 Lipoplex 472:479 Lipoplex 472:479 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 2 12 theme liposomes 538:546 arg1 complex 484:490 a complex 482:490 a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes 482:546 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 8 13 theme siRNA-lipid 1482:1492 arg1 complexes 1494:1502 smaller siRNA-lipid complexes 1474:1502 smaller siRNA-lipid complexes with reduced siRNA cargo 1474:1527 Second, both caused Lipoplex destabilization to release double- and single-strand siRNA and/or smaller siRNA-lipid complexes with reduced siRNA cargo. 29203416 11 14 theme gene 1890:1893 arg1 loss 1914:1917 gene silencing activity loss 1890:1917 gene silencing activity loss 1890:1917 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 3 15 theme gene 600:603 arg1 survivin 605:612 the chemoresistance gene survivin 580:612 the chemoresistance gene survivin 580:612 The study used a siRNA against the chemoresistance gene survivin and two model polyanion drugs (suramin, heparin). 29203416 5 16 theme amount 937:942 arg1 binding 872:878 Cell binding 867:878 Cell binding 867:878 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 16 theme amount 937:942 arg1 endocytosis 884:894 endocytosis 884:894 endocytosis 884:894 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 11 17 theme higher 2113:2118 arg1 concentrations 2120:2133 higher concentrations 2113:2133 higher concentrations 2113:2133 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 8 18 theme siRNA 1517:1521 arg1 cargo 1523:1527 reduced siRNA cargo 1509:1527 reduced siRNA cargo 1509:1527 Second, both caused Lipoplex destabilization to release double- and single-strand siRNA and/or smaller siRNA-lipid complexes with reduced siRNA cargo. 29203416 3 19 theme model 622:626 arg1 drugs 638:642 two model polyanion drugs 618:642 two model polyanion drugs (suramin, heparin) 618:661 The study used a siRNA against the chemoresistance gene survivin and two model polyanion drugs (suramin, heparin). 29203416 5 20 theme siRNA 947:951 arg1 Lipoplex 920:927 fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex 899:927 fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex 899:927 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 20 theme siRNA 947:951 arg1 amount 937:942 the amount 933:942 the amount of siRNA 933:951 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 20 theme siRNA 947:951 arg1 siRNA 947:951 siRNA 947:951 siRNA 947:951 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 2 21 theme RNA 513:515 arg1 Lipoplex 472:479 Lipoplex 472:479 Lipoplex 472:479 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 2 21 theme RNA 513:515 arg1 complex 484:490 a complex 482:490 a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes 482:546 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 12 22 theme QP 2316:2317 arg1 modeling 2319:2326 QP modeling 2316:2326 QP modeling 2316:2326 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 11 23 from inhibition 1965:1974 arg1 concentration 2000:2012 lower concentration 1994:2012 lower concentration 1994:2012 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 9 24 theme surface 1561:1567 arg1 binding 1569:1575 cell surface binding 1556:1575 cell surface binding 1556:1575 Third, both prevented the cell surface binding and internalization of Lipoplex, diminished the siRNA concentration in RISC, and retarded the mRNA knockdown. 29203416 2 25 theme small 495:499 arg1 siRNA 518:522 siRNA 518:522 siRNA 518:522 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 2 25 theme small 495:499 arg1 RNA 513:515 small interfering RNA 495:515 small interfering RNA (siRNA) 495:523 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 4 26 theme destabilization 685:699 arg1 Products 664:671 Products 664:671 Products of Lipoplex destabilization 664:699 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 11 27 theme QP 1848:1849 arg1 modeling 1852:1859 quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling 1821:1859 quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling 1821:1859 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 7 28 theme several 1253:1259 arg1 properties 1270:1279 several Lipoplex properties 1253:1279 several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona) 1253:1376 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 12 29 theme complex 2235:2241 arg1 interactions 2255:2266 the complex and dynamic interactions 2231:2266 the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex 2231:2298 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 11 30 theme pharmacology 1834:1845 arg1 modeling 1852:1859 quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling 1821:1859 quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling 1821:1859 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 0 31 theme transfection 106:117 arg1 efficiency 119:128 transfection efficiency 106:128 transfection efficiency 106:128 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 29203416 5 32 theme RISC 975:978 arg1 site 960:963 its site 956:963 its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) 956:1010 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 32 theme RISC 975:978 arg1 RISC 975:978 action RISC 968:978 action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) 968:1010 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 1 33 theme RNA 158:160 arg1 RNAi 176:179 RNAi 176:179 RNAi 176:179 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 1 33 theme RNA 158:160 arg1 tool 206:209 a potentially useful tool 185:209 a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes 185:260 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 1 33 theme RNA 158:160 arg1 Interference 162:173 RNA Interference 158:173 RNA Interference (RNAi) 158:180 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 12 34 theme dynamic 2247:2253 arg1 interactions 2255:2266 the complex and dynamic interactions 2231:2266 the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex 2231:2298 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 5 35 theme RNA-induced 981:991 arg1 RISC 975:978 action RISC 968:978 action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) 968:1010 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 35 theme RNA-induced 981:991 arg1 complex 1003:1009 RNA-induced silencing complex 981:1009 RNA-induced silencing complex 981:1009 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 7 36 theme biocorona 1367:1375 arg1 size 1305:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 7 36 theme biocorona 1367:1375 arg1 composition 1344:1354 modified composition 1335:1354 modified composition of protein biocorona 1335:1375 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 11 37 theme activity 1905:1912 arg1 loss 1914:1917 gene silencing activity loss 1890:1917 gene silencing activity loss 1890:1917 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 0 38 theme intracellular 72:84 arg1 bioavailability 86:100 intracellular bioavailability 72:100 intracellular bioavailability 72:100 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 29203416 9 39 dep binding 1569:1575 arg1 the 1552:1554 the 1552:1554 the 1552:1554 Third, both prevented the cell surface binding and internalization of Lipoplex, diminished the siRNA concentration in RISC, and retarded the mRNA knockdown. 29203416 2 40 theme mechanisms 397:406 arg1 contributions 374:386 the relative contributions 361:386 the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes 361:546 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 0 41 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 contributions 13:25 Quantitative contributions 0:25 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 0:156 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 29203416 2 42 theme silencing 450:458 arg1 activity 460:467 the gene silencing activity 441:467 the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes 441:546 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 1 43 theme clinical 291:298 arg1 evaluation 300:309 clinical evaluation 291:309 clinical evaluation in various diseases 291:329 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 7 44 theme modified 1335:1342 arg1 size 1305:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 7 44 theme modified 1335:1342 arg1 composition 1344:1354 modified composition 1335:1354 modified composition of protein biocorona 1335:1375 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 4 45 theme reverse 817:823 arg1 RT-qPCR 795:801 RT-qPCR 795:801 RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) 795:864 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 4 45 theme reverse 817:823 arg1 reaction 856:863 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 804:863 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 804:863 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 12 46 theme gene 2403:2406 arg1 activity 2418:2425 gene silencing activity 2403:2425 gene silencing activity 2403:2425 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 4 47 theme polymerase 839:848 arg1 RT-qPCR 795:801 RT-qPCR 795:801 RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) 795:864 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 4 47 theme polymerase 839:848 arg1 reaction 856:863 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 804:863 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 804:863 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 0 48 theme polyanion 49:57 arg1 drugs 59:63 polyanion drugs 49:63 polyanion drugs 49:63 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 29203416 7 49 theme changed 1311:1317 arg1 size 1305:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 7 49 theme changed 1311:1317 arg1 charge 1327:1332 changed surface charge 1311:1332 changed surface charge 1311:1332 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 12 50 theme activity 2418:2425 arg1 loss 2395:2398 the eventual loss 2382:2398 the eventual loss of gene silencing activity 2382:2425 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 11 51 theme results 1796:1802 arg1 Analysis 1767:1774 Analysis 1767:1774 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling 1767:1859 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 11 52 theme drug 1931:1934 arg1 concentration 1936:1948 drug concentration 1931:1948 drug concentration 1931:1948 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 8 53 with complexes 1494:1502 arg1 cargo 1523:1527 reduced siRNA cargo 1509:1527 reduced siRNA cargo 1509:1527 Second, both caused Lipoplex destabilization to release double- and single-strand siRNA and/or smaller siRNA-lipid complexes with reduced siRNA cargo. 29203416 1 54 theme detrimental 226:236 arg1 effects 238:244 the detrimental effects 222:244 the detrimental effects of faulty genes 222:260 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 5 55 theme fluorescence-labeled 899:918 arg1 Lipoplex 920:927 fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex 899:927 fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex 899:927 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 11 56 theme lower 1994:1998 arg1 concentration 2000:2012 lower concentration 1994:2012 lower concentration 1994:2012 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 8 57 theme smaller 1474:1480 arg1 complexes 1494:1502 smaller siRNA-lipid complexes 1474:1502 smaller siRNA-lipid complexes with reduced siRNA cargo 1474:1527 Second, both caused Lipoplex destabilization to release double- and single-strand siRNA and/or smaller siRNA-lipid complexes with reduced siRNA cargo. 29203416 7 58 theme reduced 1288:1294 arg1 size 1305:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 7 58 theme reduced 1288:1294 arg1 charge 1327:1332 changed surface charge 1311:1332 changed surface charge 1311:1332 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 7 58 theme reduced 1288:1294 arg1 composition 1344:1354 modified composition 1335:1354 modified composition of protein biocorona 1335:1375 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 2 59 theme relative 365:372 arg1 contributions 374:386 the relative contributions 361:386 the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes 361:546 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 1 60 theme genes 256:260 arg1 effects 238:244 the detrimental effects 222:244 the detrimental effects of faulty genes 222:260 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 1 61 theme several 263:269 arg1 RNAi 271:274 several RNAi 263:274 several RNAi 263:274 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 12 62 theme mechanisms 2368:2377 arg1 contributions 2345:2357 the contributions 2341:2357 the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity 2341:2425 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 5 63 theme Cell 867:870 arg1 binding 872:878 Cell binding 867:878 Cell binding 867:878 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 4 64 theme chain 850:854 arg1 RT-qPCR 795:801 RT-qPCR 795:801 RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) 795:864 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 4 64 theme chain 850:854 arg1 reaction 856:863 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 804:863 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 804:863 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 6 65 theme multiple 1183:1190 arg1 effects 1216:1222 multiple concentration-dependent effects 1183:1222 multiple concentration-dependent effects 1183:1222 The results show suramin and heparin exerted multiple concentration-dependent effects. 29203416 11 66 from ~9μM 2042:2045 arg1 loss 2034:2037 60% loss 2030:2037 60% loss at ~9μM 2030:2045 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 11 67 theme major 1875:1879 arg1 cause 1881:1885 the major cause 1871:1885 the major cause of gene silencing activity loss 1871:1917 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 0 68 theme lipoplex 148:155 arg1 bioavailability 86:100 intracellular bioavailability 72:100 intracellular bioavailability 72:100 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 29203416 0 68 theme lipoplex 148:155 arg1 efficiency 119:128 transfection efficiency 106:128 transfection efficiency 106:128 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 29203416 4 69 theme transcription 825:837 arg1 RT-qPCR 795:801 RT-qPCR 795:801 RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) 795:864 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 4 69 theme transcription 825:837 arg1 reaction 856:863 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 804:863 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 804:863 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 11 70 theme surface 2070:2076 arg1 binding 2078:2084 cell surface binding 2065:2084 cell surface binding 2065:2084 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 11 71 theme siRNA 2098:2102 arg1 cargo 2104:2108 siRNA cargo 2098:2108 siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM) 2098:2185 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 5 72 theme image 1088:1092 arg1 analysis 1094:1101 quantitative image analysis 1075:1101 quantitative image analysis 1075:1101 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 72 theme image 1088:1092 arg1 markers 1045:1051 endocytosis markers 1033:1051 endocytosis markers 1033:1051 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 3 73 theme chemoresistance 584:598 arg1 survivin 605:612 the chemoresistance gene survivin 580:612 the chemoresistance gene survivin 580:612 The study used a siRNA against the chemoresistance gene survivin and two model polyanion drugs (suramin, heparin). 29203416 2 74 theme cationic 529:536 arg1 liposomes 538:546 cationic liposomes 529:546 cationic liposomes 529:546 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 8 75 theme reduced 1509:1515 arg1 cargo 1523:1527 reduced siRNA cargo 1509:1527 reduced siRNA cargo 1509:1527 Second, both caused Lipoplex destabilization to release double- and single-strand siRNA and/or smaller siRNA-lipid complexes with reduced siRNA cargo. 29203416 11 76 theme silencing 1895:1903 arg1 loss 1914:1917 gene silencing activity loss 1890:1917 gene silencing activity loss 1890:1917 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 11 77 from concentration 2000:2012 arg1 endocytosis 1979:1989 endocytosis 1979:1989 endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) 1979:2046 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 11 77 from concentration 2000:2012 arg1 inhibition 1965:1974 inhibition 1965:1974 inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) 1965:2046 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 5 78 theme confocal 1054:1061 arg1 microscopy 1063:1072 confocal microscopy 1054:1072 confocal microscopy 1054:1072 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 78 theme confocal 1054:1061 arg1 markers 1045:1051 endocytosis markers 1033:1051 endocytosis markers 1033:1051 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 9 79 from concentration 1631:1643 arg1 RISC 1648:1651 RISC 1648:1651 RISC 1648:1651 Third, both prevented the cell surface binding and internalization of Lipoplex, diminished the siRNA concentration in RISC, and retarded the mRNA knockdown. 29203416 12 80 theme modeling 2319:2326 arg1 interactions 2255:2266 the complex and dynamic interactions 2231:2266 the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex 2231:2298 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 12 80 theme modeling 2319:2326 arg1 use 2309:2311 the use 2305:2311 the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity 2305:2425 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 2 81 theme present 336:342 arg1 study 344:348 The present study 332:348 The present study 332:348 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 7 82 theme Lipoplex 1261:1268 arg1 properties 1270:1279 several Lipoplex properties 1253:1279 several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona) 1253:1376 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 9 83 theme cell 1556:1559 arg1 binding 1569:1575 cell surface binding 1556:1575 cell surface binding 1556:1575 Third, both prevented the cell surface binding and internalization of Lipoplex, diminished the siRNA concentration in RISC, and retarded the mRNA knockdown. 29203416 2 84 theme interfering 501:511 arg1 siRNA 518:522 siRNA 518:522 siRNA 518:522 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 2 84 theme interfering 501:511 arg1 RNA 513:515 small interfering RNA 495:515 small interfering RNA (siRNA) 495:523 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 11 85 theme suramin 1807:1813 arg1 results 1796:1802 the experimental results 1779:1802 the experimental results of suramin 1779:1813 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 11 86 dep indicated 1861:1869 arg1 depended 1919:1926 depended 1919:1926 depended 1919:1926 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 5 87 theme Lipoplex 920:927 arg1 binding 872:878 Cell binding 867:878 Cell binding 867:878 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 87 theme Lipoplex 920:927 arg1 endocytosis 884:894 endocytosis 884:894 endocytosis 884:894 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 11 88 from concentrations 2120:2133 arg1 cargo 2104:2108 siRNA cargo 2098:2108 siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM) 2098:2185 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 11 88 from concentrations 2120:2133 arg1 inhibition 2051:2060 inhibition 2051:2060 inhibition of cell surface binding 2051:2084 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 11 88 from concentrations 2120:2133 arg1 loss 2090:2093 loss 2090:2093 loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM) 2090:2185 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 4 89 theme Lipoplex 676:683 arg1 destabilization 685:699 Lipoplex destabilization 676:699 Lipoplex destabilization 676:699 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 5 90 theme action 968:973 arg1 RISC 975:978 action RISC 968:978 action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) 968:1010 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 90 theme action 968:973 arg1 complex 1003:1009 RNA-induced silencing complex 981:1009 RNA-induced silencing complex 981:1009 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 7 91 dep size 1305:1308 arg1 i.e. 1282:1285 i.e. 1282:1285 i.e. 1282:1285 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 11 92 theme loss 1914:1917 arg1 cause 1881:1885 the major cause 1871:1885 the major cause of gene silencing activity loss 1871:1917 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 0 93 theme cationic 133:140 arg1 lipoplex 148:155 cationic siRNA lipoplex 133:155 cationic siRNA lipoplex 133:155 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 29203416 9 94 theme Lipoplex 1600:1607 arg1 internalization 1581:1595 internalization 1581:1595 internalization 1581:1595 Third, both prevented the cell surface binding and internalization of Lipoplex, diminished the siRNA concentration in RISC, and retarded the mRNA knockdown. 29203416 9 94 theme Lipoplex 1600:1607 arg1 binding 1569:1575 cell surface binding 1556:1575 cell surface binding 1556:1575 Third, both prevented the cell surface binding and internalization of Lipoplex, diminished the siRNA concentration in RISC, and retarded the mRNA knockdown. 29203416 7 95 theme protein 1359:1365 arg1 biocorona 1367:1375 protein biocorona 1359:1375 protein biocorona 1359:1375 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 4 96 theme gel 770:772 arg1 electrophoresis 774:788 gel electrophoresis 770:788 gel electrophoresis 770:788 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 11 97 theme endocytosis 1979:1989 arg1 inhibition 1965:1974 inhibition 1965:1974 inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) 1965:2046 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 0 98 theme processes 30:38 arg1 contributions 13:25 Quantitative contributions 0:25 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 0:156 Quantitative contributions of processes by which polyanion drugs reduce intracellular bioavailability and transfection efficiency of cationic siRNA lipoplex. 29203416 9 99 theme siRNA 1625:1629 arg1 concentration 1631:1643 the siRNA concentration 1621:1643 the siRNA concentration in RISC 1621:1651 Third, both prevented the cell surface binding and internalization of Lipoplex, diminished the siRNA concentration in RISC, and retarded the mRNA knockdown. 29203416 11 100 theme 60 2030:2031 arg1 % 2032:2032 % 2032:2032 % 2032:2032 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 2 101 theme gene 445:448 arg1 activity 460:467 the gene silencing activity 441:467 the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes 441:546 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 8 102 theme Lipoplex 1399:1406 arg1 destabilization 1408:1422 Lipoplex destabilization 1399:1422 Lipoplex destabilization 1399:1422 Second, both caused Lipoplex destabilization to release double- and single-strand siRNA and/or smaller siRNA-lipid complexes with reduced siRNA cargo. 29203416 7 103 theme surface 1319:1325 arg1 size 1305:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 7 103 theme surface 1319:1325 arg1 charge 1327:1332 changed surface charge 1311:1332 changed surface charge 1311:1332 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 12 104 theme silencing 2408:2416 arg1 activity 2418:2425 gene silencing activity 2403:2425 gene silencing activity 2403:2425 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 3 105 theme polyanion 628:636 arg1 drugs 638:642 two model polyanion drugs 618:642 two model polyanion drugs (suramin, heparin) 618:661 The study used a siRNA against the chemoresistance gene survivin and two model polyanion drugs (suramin, heparin). 29203416 4 106 theme quantitative 804:815 arg1 RT-qPCR 795:801 RT-qPCR 795:801 RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) 795:864 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 4 106 theme quantitative 804:815 arg1 reaction 856:863 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 804:863 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 804:863 Products of Lipoplex destabilization were separated, identified, and/or quantified using ultrafiltration, gel electrophoresis, and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). 29203416 2 107 theme polyanion 417:425 arg1 drugs 427:431 polyanion drugs 417:431 polyanion drugs 417:431 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 1 108 theme various 314:320 arg1 diseases 322:329 various diseases 314:329 various diseases 314:329 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 29203416 5 109 theme endocytosis 1033:1043 arg1 microscopy 1063:1072 confocal microscopy 1054:1072 confocal microscopy 1054:1072 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 109 theme endocytosis 1033:1043 arg1 immunoprecipitation 1104:1122 immunoprecipitation 1104:1122 immunoprecipitation 1104:1122 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 109 theme endocytosis 1033:1043 arg1 RT-qPCR 1129:1135 RT-qPCR 1129:1135 RT-qPCR 1129:1135 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 109 theme endocytosis 1033:1043 arg1 analysis 1094:1101 quantitative image analysis 1075:1101 quantitative image analysis 1075:1101 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 109 theme endocytosis 1033:1043 arg1 markers 1045:1051 endocytosis markers 1033:1051 endocytosis markers 1033:1051 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 2 110 theme Lipoplex 472:479 arg1 activity 460:467 the gene silencing activity 441:467 the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes 441:546 The present study identified the relative contributions of three mechanisms by which polyanion drugs reduced the gene silencing activity of Lipoplex, a complex of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic liposomes. 29203416 11 111 theme experimental 1783:1794 arg1 results 1796:1802 the experimental results 1779:1802 the experimental results of suramin 1779:1813 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 8 112 theme double- 1435:1441 arg1 siRNA 1461:1465 double- and single-strand siRNA 1435:1465 double- and single-strand siRNA 1435:1465 Second, both caused Lipoplex destabilization to release double- and single-strand siRNA and/or smaller siRNA-lipid complexes with reduced siRNA cargo. 29203416 5 113 from site 960:963 arg1 binding 872:878 Cell binding 867:878 Cell binding 867:878 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 113 from site 960:963 arg1 endocytosis 884:894 endocytosis 884:894 endocytosis 884:894 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 114 theme silencing 993:1001 arg1 RISC 975:978 action RISC 968:978 action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) 968:1010 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 5 114 theme silencing 993:1001 arg1 complex 1003:1009 RNA-induced silencing complex 981:1009 RNA-induced silencing complex 981:1009 Cell binding and endocytosis of fluorescence-labeled Lipoplex and the amount of siRNA at its site of action RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) were evaluated using endocytosis markers, confocal microscopy, quantitative image analysis, immunoprecipitation, and RT-qPCR. 29203416 11 115 theme % 2032:2032 arg1 loss 2034:2037 60% loss 2030:2037 60% loss at ~9μM 2030:2045 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 7 116 theme particle 1296:1303 arg1 size 1305:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 reduced particle size 1288:1308 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 7 116 theme particle 1296:1303 arg1 charge 1327:1332 changed surface charge 1311:1332 changed surface charge 1311:1332 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 7 116 theme particle 1296:1303 arg1 composition 1344:1354 modified composition 1335:1354 modified composition of protein biocorona 1335:1375 First, these agents altered several Lipoplex properties (i.e., reduced particle size, changed surface charge, modified composition of protein biocorona). 29203416 12 117 theme eventual 2386:2393 arg1 loss 2395:2398 the eventual loss 2382:2398 the eventual loss of gene silencing activity 2382:2425 In summary, the present study demonstrates the complex and dynamic interactions between polyanions and Lipoplex, and the use of QP modeling to delineate the contributions of three mechanisms to the eventual loss of gene silencing activity. 29203416 8 118 theme single-strand 1447:1459 arg1 siRNA 1461:1465 double- and single-strand siRNA 1435:1465 double- and single-strand siRNA 1435:1465 Second, both caused Lipoplex destabilization to release double- and single-strand siRNA and/or smaller siRNA-lipid complexes with reduced siRNA cargo. 29203416 10 119 theme different 1748:1756 arg1 results 1758:1764 qualitatively and quantitatively different results 1715:1764 qualitatively and quantitatively different results 1715:1764 Suramin and heparin yielded qualitatively and quantitatively different results. 29203416 3 120 dep drugs 638:642 arg1 heparin 654:660 heparin 654:660 heparin 654:660 The study used a siRNA against the chemoresistance gene survivin and two model polyanion drugs (suramin, heparin). 29203416 3 120 dep drugs 638:642 arg1 suramin 645:651 suramin 645:651 suramin 645:651 The study used a siRNA against the chemoresistance gene survivin and two model polyanion drugs (suramin, heparin). 29203416 9 121 theme mRNA 1671:1674 arg1 knockdown 1676:1684 the mRNA knockdown 1667:1684 the mRNA knockdown 1667:1684 Third, both prevented the cell surface binding and internalization of Lipoplex, diminished the siRNA concentration in RISC, and retarded the mRNA knockdown. 29203416 11 122 from loss 2090:2093 arg1 concentrations 2120:2133 higher concentrations 2113:2133 higher concentrations 2113:2133 Analysis of the experimental results of suramin using quantitative pharmacology (QP) modeling indicated the major cause of gene silencing activity loss depended on drug concentration, changing from inhibition of endocytosis at lower concentration (accounting for 60% loss at ~9μM) to inhibition of cell surface binding and loss of siRNA cargo at higher concentrations (accounting for 64% and 27%, respectively, at 70μM). 29203416 1 123 theme faulty 249:254 arg1 genes 256:260 faulty genes 249:260 faulty genes 249:260 RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potentially useful tool to correct the detrimental effects of faulty genes; several RNAi are undergoing clinical evaluation in various diseases. 28257182 4 0 theme electron 936:943 arg1 microscopies 945:956 electron microscopies 936:956 scanning electron microscopies (SEM) 927:962 Morphology of fabric was characterized by optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM). 28257182 6 1 theme distribution 1185:1196 arg1 map 1198:1200 the distribution map 1181:1200 the distribution map 1181:1200 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 9 2 theme textile 1525:1531 arg1 activity 1492:1499 Photoantimicrobial activity 1473:1499 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile 1473:1531 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 10 3 theme Optical 1691:1697 arg1 microscopy 1699:1708 Optical microscopy 1691:1708 Optical microscopy coupled with UV-vis extinction and fluorescence spectra 1691:1764 Optical microscopy coupled with UV-vis extinction and fluorescence spectra aim to ascertain the uptake of TPPS to S. aureus bacterial cells. 28257182 3 4 theme controlled 776:785 arg1 delivery 787:794 its sustained and controlled delivery 758:794 its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms 758:865 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 11 5 dep fabric-treated 1852:1865 arg1 S. 1867:1868 S. 1867:1868 S. 1867:1868 Finally, PP-CD/TPPS fabric-treated S. aureus cells were photokilled of 99.98%. 28257182 3 6 theme sustained 762:770 arg1 delivery 787:794 its sustained and controlled delivery 758:794 its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms 758:865 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 8 7 theme Release 1353:1359 arg1 kinetics 1361:1368 Release kinetics 1353:1368 Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions 1353:1404 Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions pointed out the role of the CD cavity to control the TPPS elution. 28257182 10 8 theme UV-vis 1723:1728 arg1 extinction 1730:1739 UV-vis extinction 1723:1739 UV-vis extinction 1723:1739 Optical microscopy coupled with UV-vis extinction and fluorescence spectra aim to ascertain the uptake of TPPS to S. aureus bacterial cells. 28257182 9 9 theme Staphylococcus 1577:1590 arg1 29213 1604:1608 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 1577:1608 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) 1577:1620 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 3 10 from delivery 787:794 arg1 medium 807:812 release medium 799:812 release medium 799:812 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 3 10 from delivery 787:794 arg1 photoinactivation 831:847 simultaneous photoinactivation 818:847 simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms 818:865 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 11 11 dep S. 1867:1868 arg1 aureus 1870:1875 aureus 1870:1875 aureus 1870:1875 Finally, PP-CD/TPPS fabric-treated S. aureus cells were photokilled of 99.98%. 28257182 9 12 theme ATCC 1599:1602 arg1 29213 1604:1608 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 1577:1608 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) 1577:1620 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 1 13 theme photodynamic 255:266 arg1 aPDT 277:280 aPDT 277:280 aPDT 277:280 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 1 13 theme photodynamic 255:266 arg1 therapy 268:274 antimicrobial photodynamic therapy 241:274 antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) 241:281 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 3 14 theme simultaneous 818:829 arg1 photoinactivation 831:847 simultaneous photoinactivation 818:847 simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms 818:865 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 0 15 theme carboxylic 5:14 arg1 Poly 0:3 Poly 0:3 Poly(carboxylic acid) 0:20 Poly(carboxylic acid)-Cyclodextrin/Anionic Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. 28257182 0 15 theme carboxylic 5:14 arg1 acid 16:19 carboxylic acid 5:19 carboxylic acid 5:19 Poly(carboxylic acid)-Cyclodextrin/Anionic Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. 28257182 9 16 theme Pseudomonas 1640:1650 arg1 27853 1668:1672 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 1640:1672 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 1640:1672 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 0 17 theme Photosensitizer 73:87 arg1 Releasers 89:97 Photosensitizer Releasers 73:97 Photosensitizer Releasers 73:97 Poly(carboxylic acid)-Cyclodextrin/Anionic Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. 28257182 1 18 theme therapeutic 179:189 arg1 approaches 191:200 new antibacterial therapeutic approaches 161:200 new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria 161:238 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 6 19 theme X-ray 1086:1090 arg1 XPS 1120:1122 XPS 1120:1122 XPS 1120:1122 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 6 19 theme X-ray 1086:1090 arg1 spectroscopy 1106:1117 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 1086:1117 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 1086:1123 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 8 20 theme cavity 1437:1442 arg1 role 1422:1425 the role 1418:1425 the role of the CD cavity to control the TPPS elution 1418:1470 Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions pointed out the role of the CD cavity to control the TPPS elution. 28257182 9 21 dep Pseudomonas 1640:1650 arg1 aeruginosa 1652:1661 aeruginosa 1652:1661 aeruginosa 1652:1661 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 5 22 theme time-resolved 1036:1048 arg1 spectroscopy 1072:1083 time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy 1036:1083 time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy 1036:1083 Optical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption, steady- and time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy. 28257182 2 23 theme photosensitizer-eluting 576:598 arg1 PP-CD/TPPS 610:619 PP-CD/TPPS 610:619 PP-CD/TPPS 610:619 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 2 23 theme photosensitizer-eluting 576:598 arg1 scaffold 600:607 photosensitizer-eluting scaffold 576:607 photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT 576:629 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 3 24 from porphyrin 683:691 arg1 cavities 700:707 the cavities 696:707 the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers 696:743 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 0 25 theme Photodynamic 117:128 arg1 Therapy 130:136 Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy 103:136 Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy 103:136 Poly(carboxylic acid)-Cyclodextrin/Anionic Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. 28257182 5 26 theme emission 1063:1070 arg1 spectroscopy 1072:1083 time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy 1036:1083 time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy 1036:1083 Optical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption, steady- and time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy. 28257182 2 27 theme tetra-anionic 496:508 arg1 TPPS 567:570 TPPS 567:570 TPPS 567:570 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 2 27 theme tetra-anionic 496:508 arg1 -21H,23H-porphine 548:564 the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine 492:564 the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) 492:571 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 8 28 theme TPPS 1459:1462 arg1 elution 1464:1470 the TPPS elution 1455:1470 the TPPS elution 1455:1470 Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions pointed out the role of the CD cavity to control the TPPS elution. 28257182 6 29 theme surface 1148:1154 arg1 composition 1165:1175 surface chemical composition 1148:1175 surface chemical composition 1148:1175 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 10 30 theme S. 1805:1806 arg1 cells 1825:1829 S. aureus bacterial cells 1805:1829 S. aureus bacterial cells 1805:1829 Optical microscopy coupled with UV-vis extinction and fluorescence spectra aim to ascertain the uptake of TPPS to S. aureus bacterial cells. 28257182 7 31 theme Direct 1259:1264 arg1 determination 1270:1282 Direct 1O2 determination 1259:1282 Direct 1O2 determination 1259:1282 Direct 1O2 determination allowed to assess the potential photodynamic activity of the fabric. 28257182 1 32 theme local 328:332 arg1 infections 334:343 local infections 328:343 local infections caused by different microorganisms 328:378 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 9 33 dep Gram-positive 1563:1575 arg1 27853 1668:1672 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 1640:1672 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 1640:1672 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 9 33 dep Gram-positive 1563:1575 arg1 aeruginosa 1678:1687 P. aeruginosa 1675:1687 P. aeruginosa 1675:1687 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 9 33 dep Gram-positive 1563:1575 arg1 29213 1604:1608 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 1577:1608 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) 1577:1620 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 3 34 from complexation 667:678 arg1 cavities 700:707 the cavities 696:707 the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers 696:743 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 10 35 theme TPPS 1797:1800 arg1 uptake 1787:1792 the uptake 1783:1792 the uptake of TPPS to S. aureus bacterial cells 1783:1829 Optical microscopy coupled with UV-vis extinction and fluorescence spectra aim to ascertain the uptake of TPPS to S. aureus bacterial cells. 28257182 3 36 dep based 647:651 arg1 followed 746:753 followed 746:753 followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms 746:865 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 0 37 theme Porphyrin 43:51 arg1 Fabrics 62:68 Porphyrin Finished Fabrics 43:68 Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy 43:136 Poly(carboxylic acid)-Cyclodextrin/Anionic Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. 28257182 1 38 theme different 355:363 arg1 microorganisms 365:378 different microorganisms 355:378 different microorganisms 355:378 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 12 39 theme cells 1947:1951 arg1 adhesion 1925:1932 low adhesion 1921:1932 low adhesion of S. aureus cells on textile 1921:1962 Moreover, low adhesion of S. aureus cells on textile was established. 28257182 12 40 theme aureus 1940:1945 arg1 cells 1947:1951 S. aureus cells 1937:1951 S. aureus cells 1937:1951 Moreover, low adhesion of S. aureus cells on textile was established. 28257182 6 41 theme components 1219:1228 arg1 map 1198:1200 the distribution map 1181:1200 the distribution map 1181:1200 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 6 41 theme components 1219:1228 arg1 composition 1165:1175 surface chemical composition 1148:1175 surface chemical composition 1148:1175 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 3 42 theme porphyrin 683:691 arg1 complexation 667:678 host-guest complexation 656:678 host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers 656:743 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 11 43 theme fabric-treated 1852:1865 arg1 cells 1877:1881 PP-CD/TPPS fabric-treated S. aureus cells 1841:1881 PP-CD/TPPS fabric-treated S. aureus cells 1841:1881 Finally, PP-CD/TPPS fabric-treated S. aureus cells were photokilled of 99.98%. 28257182 9 44 dep 29213 1604:1608 arg1 aureus 1614:1619 S. aureus 1611:1619 S. aureus 1611:1619 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 10 45 theme bacterial 1815:1823 arg1 cells 1825:1829 S. aureus bacterial cells 1805:1829 S. aureus bacterial cells 1805:1829 Optical microscopy coupled with UV-vis extinction and fluorescence spectra aim to ascertain the uptake of TPPS to S. aureus bacterial cells. 28257182 9 46 theme Photoantimicrobial 1473:1490 arg1 activity 1492:1499 Photoantimicrobial activity 1473:1499 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile 1473:1531 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 1 47 theme new 161:163 arg1 approaches 191:200 new antibacterial therapeutic approaches 161:200 new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria 161:238 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 4 48 theme fabric 882:887 arg1 Morphology 868:877 Morphology 868:877 Morphology of fabric 868:887 Morphology of fabric was characterized by optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM). 28257182 2 49 theme PP 414:415 arg1 fabric 418:423 a polypropylene (PP) fabric 397:423 a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT 397:629 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 12 50 theme low 1921:1923 arg1 adhesion 1925:1932 low adhesion 1921:1932 low adhesion of S. aureus cells on textile 1921:1962 Moreover, low adhesion of S. aureus cells on textile was established. 28257182 2 51 theme polypropylene 399:411 arg1 fabric 418:423 a polypropylene (PP) fabric 397:423 a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT 397:629 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 7 52 theme fabric 1345:1350 arg1 activity 1329:1336 the potential photodynamic activity 1302:1336 the potential photodynamic activity of the fabric 1302:1350 Direct 1O2 determination allowed to assess the potential photodynamic activity of the fabric. 28257182 3 53 from cavities 700:707 arg1 complexation 667:678 host-guest complexation 656:678 host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers 656:743 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 13 54 theme satisfying 2080:2089 arg1 adhesion 2091:2098 their satisfying adhesion 2074:2098 their satisfying adhesion 2074:2098 Conversely, no photodamage of fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells was observed, together with their satisfying adhesion. 28257182 1 55 theme well-known 296:305 arg1 alternative 307:317 a well-known alternative 294:317 a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms 294:378 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 13 56 dep P. 2026:2027 arg1 aeruginosa 2029:2038 aeruginosa 2029:2038 aeruginosa 2029:2038 Conversely, no photodamage of fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells was observed, together with their satisfying adhesion. 28257182 1 57 theme approaches 191:200 arg1 development 146:156 the development 142:156 the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria 142:238 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 4 58 dep scanning 927:934 arg1 microscopies 945:956 electron microscopies 936:956 scanning electron microscopies (SEM) 927:962 Morphology of fabric was characterized by optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM). 28257182 7 59 theme photodynamic 1316:1327 arg1 activity 1329:1336 the potential photodynamic activity 1302:1336 the potential photodynamic activity of the fabric 1302:1350 Direct 1O2 determination allowed to assess the potential photodynamic activity of the fabric. 28257182 1 60 theme fight 205:209 arg1 bacteria 231:238 fight multidrug-resistant bacteria 205:238 fight multidrug-resistant bacteria 205:238 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 3 61 theme PP 735:736 arg1 fibers 738:743 the PP fibers 731:743 the PP fibers 731:743 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 9 62 theme aureus 1592:1597 arg1 29213 1604:1608 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 1577:1608 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) 1577:1620 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 5 63 theme Optical 965:971 arg1 properties 973:982 Optical properties 965:982 Optical properties 965:982 Optical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption, steady- and time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy. 28257182 9 64 theme ATCC 1663:1666 arg1 27853 1668:1672 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 1640:1672 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 1640:1672 Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). 28257182 3 65 theme release 799:805 arg1 medium 807:812 release medium 799:812 release medium 799:812 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 3 66 theme host-guest 656:665 arg1 complexation 667:678 host-guest complexation 656:678 host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers 656:743 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 1 67 theme multidrug-resistant 211:229 arg1 bacteria 231:238 fight multidrug-resistant bacteria 205:238 fight multidrug-resistant bacteria 205:238 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 1 68 theme antimicrobial 241:253 arg1 aPDT 277:280 aPDT 277:280 aPDT 277:280 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 1 68 theme antimicrobial 241:253 arg1 therapy 268:274 antimicrobial photodynamic therapy 241:274 antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) 241:281 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 8 69 theme TPPS 1373:1376 arg1 kinetics 1361:1368 Release kinetics 1353:1368 Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions 1353:1404 Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions pointed out the role of the CD cavity to control the TPPS elution. 28257182 10 70 theme fluorescence 1745:1756 arg1 spectra 1758:1764 fluorescence spectra 1745:1764 fluorescence spectra 1745:1764 Optical microscopy coupled with UV-vis extinction and fluorescence spectra aim to ascertain the uptake of TPPS to S. aureus bacterial cells. 28257182 3 71 theme microorganisms 852:865 arg1 medium 807:812 release medium 799:812 release medium 799:812 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 3 71 theme microorganisms 852:865 arg1 photoinactivation 831:847 simultaneous photoinactivation 818:847 simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms 818:865 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 8 72 theme physiological 1381:1393 arg1 conditions 1395:1404 physiological conditions 1381:1404 physiological conditions 1381:1404 Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions pointed out the role of the CD cavity to control the TPPS elution. 28257182 13 73 theme P. 2026:2027 arg1 cells 2040:2044 fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells 2011:2044 fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells 2011:2044 Conversely, no photodamage of fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells was observed, together with their satisfying adhesion. 28257182 13 74 theme cells 2040:2044 arg1 photodamage 1996:2006 no photodamage 1993:2006 no photodamage of fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells 1993:2044 Conversely, no photodamage of fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells was observed, together with their satisfying adhesion. 28257182 13 75 theme fabric-treated 2011:2024 arg1 cells 2040:2044 fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells 2011:2044 fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells 2011:2044 Conversely, no photodamage of fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells was observed, together with their satisfying adhesion. 28257182 7 76 theme potential 1306:1314 arg1 activity 1329:1336 the potential photodynamic activity 1302:1336 the potential photodynamic activity of the fabric 1302:1350 Direct 1O2 determination allowed to assess the potential photodynamic activity of the fabric. 28257182 8 77 from kinetics 1361:1368 arg1 conditions 1395:1404 physiological conditions 1381:1404 physiological conditions 1381:1404 Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions pointed out the role of the CD cavity to control the TPPS elution. 28257182 1 78 theme antibacterial 165:177 arg1 approaches 191:200 new antibacterial therapeutic approaches 161:200 new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria 161:238 In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. 28257182 6 79 theme photoelectron 1092:1104 arg1 XPS 1120:1122 XPS 1120:1122 XPS 1120:1122 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 6 79 theme photoelectron 1092:1104 arg1 spectroscopy 1106:1117 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 1086:1117 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 1086:1123 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 0 80 theme Antimicrobial 103:115 arg1 Therapy 130:136 Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy 103:136 Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy 103:136 Poly(carboxylic acid)-Cyclodextrin/Anionic Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. 28257182 8 81 theme CD 1434:1435 arg1 cavity 1437:1442 the CD cavity 1430:1442 the CD cavity 1430:1442 Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions pointed out the role of the CD cavity to control the TPPS elution. 28257182 12 82 from adhesion 1925:1932 arg1 textile 1956:1962 textile 1956:1962 textile 1956:1962 Moreover, low adhesion of S. aureus cells on textile was established. 28257182 5 83 theme fluorescence 1050:1061 arg1 spectroscopy 1072:1083 time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy 1036:1083 time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy 1036:1083 Optical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption, steady- and time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy. 28257182 7 84 theme 1O2 1266:1268 arg1 determination 1270:1282 Direct 1O2 determination 1259:1282 Direct 1O2 determination 1259:1282 Direct 1O2 determination allowed to assess the potential photodynamic activity of the fabric. 28257182 5 85 theme UV-vis 1005:1010 arg1 absorption 1012:1021 UV-vis absorption 1005:1021 UV-vis absorption 1005:1021 Optical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption, steady- and time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy. 28257182 6 86 theme chemical 1156:1163 arg1 composition 1165:1175 surface chemical composition 1148:1175 surface chemical composition 1148:1175 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 3 87 theme CDs 712:714 arg1 cavities 700:707 the cavities 696:707 the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers 696:743 The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. 28257182 6 88 dep composition 1165:1175 arg1 the 1144:1146 the 1144:1146 the 1144:1146 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 2 89 theme 4-sulfonatophenyl 530:546 arg1 TPPS 567:570 TPPS 567:570 TPPS 567:570 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 2 89 theme 4-sulfonatophenyl 530:546 arg1 -21H,23H-porphine 548:564 the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine 492:564 the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) 492:571 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 2 90 theme citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD 439:463 arg1 polymer 465:471 citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer 439:471 citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT 439:629 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 2 90 theme citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD 439:463 arg1 PP-CD 474:478 PP-CD 474:478 PP-CD 474:478 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 0 91 theme Finished 53:60 arg1 Fabrics 62:68 Porphyrin Finished Fabrics 43:68 Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy 43:136 Poly(carboxylic acid)-Cyclodextrin/Anionic Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. 28257182 2 92 theme 5,10,15,20-tetrakis 510:528 arg1 TPPS 567:570 TPPS 567:570 TPPS 567:570 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 2 92 theme 5,10,15,20-tetrakis 510:528 arg1 -21H,23H-porphine 548:564 the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine 492:564 the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) 492:571 Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. 28257182 11 93 theme PP-CD/TPPS 1841:1850 arg1 cells 1877:1881 PP-CD/TPPS fabric-treated S. aureus cells 1841:1881 PP-CD/TPPS fabric-treated S. aureus cells 1841:1881 Finally, PP-CD/TPPS fabric-treated S. aureus cells were photokilled of 99.98%. 28257182 12 94 theme S. 1937:1938 arg1 cells 1947:1951 S. aureus cells 1937:1951 S. aureus cells 1937:1951 Moreover, low adhesion of S. aureus cells on textile was established. 28257182 6 95 theme molecular 1209:1217 arg1 components 1219:1228 the molecular components 1205:1228 the molecular components 1205:1228 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. 28257182 10 96 theme aureus 1808:1813 arg1 cells 1825:1829 S. aureus bacterial cells 1805:1829 S. aureus bacterial cells 1805:1829 Optical microscopy coupled with UV-vis extinction and fluorescence spectra aim to ascertain the uptake of TPPS to S. aureus bacterial cells. 23782538 2 0 theme reference 441:449 arg1 methods 451:457 reference methods 441:457 reference methods 441:457 Due to the different composition of cow and breast milk, these devices need to be validated against reference methods before they can be used in daily routine. 23782538 1 1 theme birthweight 313:323 arg1 infants 332:338 the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants 287:338 the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants 287:338 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 4 2 theme breast 777:782 arg1 milk 784:787 breast milk 777:787 breast milk 777:787 It is not feasible to obtain this volume of milk for research purposes, especially from VLBW infants as lactation may be delayed or impaired and the limited volume of breast milk must be provided to the infant. 23782538 1 3 theme dairy 161:165 arg1 industry 167:174 the dairy industry 157:174 the dairy industry 157:174 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 7 4 theme protein 1338:1344 arg1 analysis 1321:1328 analysis 1321:1328 analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL 1321:1383 We were able to downsize volumes required for analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL; corresponding coefficients of variation are 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3%, respectively. 23782538 1 5 theme milk 242:245 arg1 content 224:230 macronutrient content 210:230 macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants 210:338 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 6 6 theme liquid 1217:1222 arg1 lactose 1265:1271 lactose 1265:1271 lactose 1265:1271 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 6 6 theme liquid 1217:1222 arg1 spectrometry 1251:1262 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 1199:1262 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose) 1199:1272 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 5 7 theme breast 1019:1024 arg1 milk 1026:1029 breast milk 1019:1029 breast milk 1019:1029 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 5 8 theme precise 969:975 arg1 analysis 991:998 precise macronutrient analysis 969:998 precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk 969:1029 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 5 9 from analysis 991:998 arg1 volume 1009:1014 small volume 1003:1014 small volume of breast milk 1003:1029 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 1 10 theme VLBW 326:329 arg1 infants 332:338 the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants 287:338 the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants 287:338 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 4 11 theme milk 654:657 arg1 volume 644:649 this volume 639:649 this volume of milk 639:657 It is not feasible to obtain this volume of milk for research purposes, especially from VLBW infants as lactation may be delayed or impaired and the limited volume of breast milk must be provided to the infant. 23782538 5 12 theme analysers 851:859 arg1 validation 832:841 validation 832:841 validation of milk analysers 832:859 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 1 13 theme clinical 250:257 arg1 studies 259:265 clinical studies 250:265 clinical studies 250:265 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 3 14 theme current 510:516 arg1 methods 528:534 current reference methods 510:534 current reference methods 510:534 However, current reference methods require a sample volume of 30-100 mL to analyse fat, protein and lactose. 23782538 5 15 theme macronutrient 977:989 arg1 analysis 991:998 precise macronutrient analysis 969:998 precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk 969:1029 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 4 16 theme milk 784:787 arg1 volume 767:772 the limited volume 755:772 the limited volume of breast milk 755:787 It is not feasible to obtain this volume of milk for research purposes, especially from VLBW infants as lactation may be delayed or impaired and the limited volume of breast milk must be provided to the infant. 23782538 8 17 from analyses 1516:1523 arg1 ≤1.5 mL 1546:1552 ≤1.5 mL 1546:1552 ≤1.5 mL of breast milk 1546:1567 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 8 18 theme milk 1564:1567 arg1 ≤1.5 mL 1546:1552 ≤1.5 mL 1546:1552 ≤1.5 mL of breast milk 1546:1567 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 1 19 theme infants 332:338 arg1 care 279:282 routine care 271:282 routine care 271:282 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 1 19 theme infants 332:338 arg1 studies 259:265 clinical studies 250:265 clinical studies 250:265 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 8 20 theme macronutrients 1528:1541 arg1 analyses 1516:1523 reliable and precise analyses 1495:1523 reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk 1495:1567 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 4 21 theme VLBW 698:701 arg1 infants 703:709 VLBW infants 698:709 VLBW infants 698:709 It is not feasible to obtain this volume of milk for research purposes, especially from VLBW infants as lactation may be delayed or impaired and the limited volume of breast milk must be provided to the infant. 23782538 6 22 theme elemental 1166:1174 arg1 protein 1186:1192 protein 1186:1192 protein 1186:1192 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 6 22 theme elemental 1166:1174 arg1 analysis 1176:1183 elemental analysis 1166:1183 elemental analysis (protein) 1166:1193 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 6 23 theme Mojonnier 1132:1140 arg1 extraction 1148:1157 a modified Mojonnier ether extraction 1121:1157 a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat) 1121:1163 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 6 23 theme Mojonnier 1132:1140 arg1 fat 1160:1162 fat 1160:1162 fat 1160:1162 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 6 24 theme mass 1246:1249 arg1 lactose 1265:1271 lactose 1265:1271 lactose 1265:1271 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 6 24 theme mass 1246:1249 arg1 spectrometry 1251:1262 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 1199:1262 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose) 1199:1272 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 7 25 theme fat 1333:1335 arg1 analysis 1321:1328 analysis 1321:1328 analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL 1321:1383 We were able to downsize volumes required for analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL; corresponding coefficients of variation are 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3%, respectively. 23782538 2 26 theme different 352:360 arg1 composition 362:372 the different composition 348:372 the different composition of cow and breast milk 348:395 Due to the different composition of cow and breast milk, these devices need to be validated against reference methods before they can be used in daily routine. 23782538 5 27 theme small 1003:1007 arg1 volume 1009:1014 small volume 1003:1014 small volume of breast milk 1003:1029 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 6 28 theme ether 1142:1146 arg1 extraction 1148:1157 a modified Mojonnier ether extraction 1121:1157 a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat) 1121:1163 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 6 28 theme ether 1142:1146 arg1 fat 1160:1162 fat 1160:1162 fat 1160:1162 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 1 29 from use 150:152 arg1 industry 167:174 the dairy industry 157:174 the dairy industry 157:174 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 1 30 theme available 95:103 arg1 analysers 110:118 Commercially available milk analysers 82:118 Commercially available milk analysers 82:118 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 0 31 from analysis 57:64 arg1 milk 76:79 breast milk 69:79 breast milk 69:79 Establishment of micromethods for macronutrient contents analysis in breast milk. 23782538 6 32 theme ultra-performance 1199:1215 arg1 lactose 1265:1271 lactose 1265:1271 lactose 1265:1271 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 6 32 theme ultra-performance 1199:1215 arg1 spectrometry 1251:1262 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 1199:1262 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose) 1199:1272 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 4 33 theme limited 759:765 arg1 volume 767:772 the limited volume 755:772 the limited volume of breast milk 755:787 It is not feasible to obtain this volume of milk for research purposes, especially from VLBW infants as lactation may be delayed or impaired and the limited volume of breast milk must be provided to the infant. 23782538 1 34 theme milk 105:108 arg1 analysers 110:118 Commercially available milk analysers 82:118 Commercially available milk analysers 82:118 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 1 35 theme routine 271:277 arg1 care 279:282 routine care 271:282 routine care 271:282 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 6 36 theme chromatography-tandem 1224:1244 arg1 lactose 1265:1271 lactose 1265:1271 lactose 1265:1271 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 6 36 theme chromatography-tandem 1224:1244 arg1 spectrometry 1251:1262 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 1199:1262 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose) 1199:1272 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 8 37 used used 1581:1584 arg2 methods 1477:1483 The presented methods 1463:1483 The presented methods 1463:1483 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 5 38 theme milk 846:849 arg1 analysers 851:859 milk analysers 846:859 milk analysers 846:859 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 2 39 theme breast 385:390 arg1 milk 392:395 breast milk 385:395 breast milk 385:395 Due to the different composition of cow and breast milk, these devices need to be validated against reference methods before they can be used in daily routine. 23782538 0 40 theme micromethods 17:28 arg1 Establishment 0:12 Establishment 0:12 Establishment of micromethods for macronutrient 0:46 Establishment of micromethods for macronutrient contents analysis in breast milk. 23782538 5 41 theme clinical 869:876 arg1 settings 891:898 both clinical and research settings 864:898 settings 891:898 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 4 42 theme research 663:670 arg1 purposes 672:679 research purposes 663:679 research purposes 663:679 It is not feasible to obtain this volume of milk for research purposes, especially from VLBW infants as lactation may be delayed or impaired and the limited volume of breast milk must be provided to the infant. 23782538 5 43 theme micromethods 1070:1081 arg1 study 1057:1061 a feasibility study 1043:1061 a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation 1043:1102 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 2 44 theme daily 486:490 arg1 routine 492:498 daily routine 486:498 daily routine 486:498 Due to the different composition of cow and breast milk, these devices need to be validated against reference methods before they can be used in daily routine. 23782538 7 45 theme variation 1416:1424 arg1 coefficients 1400:1411 corresponding coefficients 1386:1411 corresponding coefficients of variation 1386:1424 We were able to downsize volumes required for analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL; corresponding coefficients of variation are 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3%, respectively. 23782538 7 45 theme variation 1416:1424 arg1 % 1446:1446 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3% 1430:1446 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3% 1430:1446 We were able to downsize volumes required for analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL; corresponding coefficients of variation are 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3%, respectively. 23782538 6 46 theme modified 1123:1130 arg1 extraction 1148:1157 a modified Mojonnier ether extraction 1121:1157 a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat) 1121:1163 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 6 46 theme modified 1123:1130 arg1 fat 1160:1162 fat 1160:1162 fat 1160:1162 Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). 23782538 2 47 theme cow 377:379 arg1 composition 362:372 the different composition 348:372 the different composition of cow and breast milk 348:395 Due to the different composition of cow and breast milk, these devices need to be validated against reference methods before they can be used in daily routine. 23782538 7 48 theme lactose 1350:1356 arg1 analysis 1321:1328 analysis 1321:1328 analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL 1321:1383 We were able to downsize volumes required for analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL; corresponding coefficients of variation are 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3%, respectively. 23782538 7 49 theme corresponding 1386:1398 arg1 coefficients 1400:1411 corresponding coefficients 1386:1411 corresponding coefficients of variation 1386:1424 We were able to downsize volumes required for analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL; corresponding coefficients of variation are 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3%, respectively. 23782538 7 49 theme corresponding 1386:1398 arg1 % 1446:1446 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3% 1430:1446 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3% 1430:1446 We were able to downsize volumes required for analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL; corresponding coefficients of variation are 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3%, respectively. 23782538 3 50 theme sample 546:551 arg1 volume 553:558 a sample volume 544:558 a sample volume of 30-100 mL to analyse fat, protein and lactose 544:607 However, current reference methods require a sample volume of 30-100 mL to analyse fat, protein and lactose. 23782538 1 51 theme premature 291:299 arg1 infants 332:338 the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants 287:338 the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants 287:338 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 2 52 used used 478:481 arg2 they 466:469 they 466:469 they 466:469 Due to the different composition of cow and breast milk, these devices need to be validated against reference methods before they can be used in daily routine. 23782538 1 53 used used 194:197 arg2 they 181:184 they 181:184 they 181:184 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 8 54 theme milk 1598:1601 arg1 analysers 1603:1611 milk analysers 1598:1611 milk analysers 1598:1611 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 5 55 theme milk 1026:1029 arg1 volume 1009:1014 small volume 1003:1014 small volume of breast milk 1003:1029 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 8 56 from macronutrients 1528:1541 arg1 ≤1.5 mL 1546:1552 ≤1.5 mL 1546:1552 ≤1.5 mL of breast milk 1546:1567 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 5 57 theme study 917:921 arg1 aim 905:907 the aim 901:907 the aim of this study 901:921 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 8 58 theme precise 1508:1514 arg1 analyses 1516:1523 reliable and precise analyses 1495:1523 reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk 1495:1567 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 5 59 theme feasibility 1045:1055 arg1 study 1057:1061 a feasibility study 1043:1061 a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation 1043:1102 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 5 60 theme research 882:889 arg1 settings 891:898 both clinical and research settings 864:898 settings 891:898 To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. 23782538 3 61 theme 30-100 mL 563:571 arg1 volume 553:558 a sample volume 544:558 a sample volume of 30-100 mL to analyse fat, protein and lactose 544:607 However, current reference methods require a sample volume of 30-100 mL to analyse fat, protein and lactose. 23782538 1 62 theme macronutrient 210:222 arg1 content 224:230 macronutrient content 210:230 macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants 210:338 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 1 63 from content 224:230 arg1 care 279:282 routine care 271:282 routine care 271:282 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 1 63 from content 224:230 arg1 studies 259:265 clinical studies 250:265 clinical studies 250:265 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 8 64 from ≤1.5 mL 1546:1552 arg1 analyses 1516:1523 reliable and precise analyses 1495:1523 reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk 1495:1567 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 8 65 theme breast 1557:1562 arg1 milk 1564:1567 breast milk 1557:1567 breast milk 1557:1567 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 8 66 theme presented 1467:1475 arg1 methods 1477:1483 The presented methods 1463:1483 The presented methods 1463:1483 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 0 67 theme breast 69:74 arg1 milk 76:79 breast milk 69:79 breast milk 69:79 Establishment of micromethods for macronutrient contents analysis in breast milk. 23782538 1 68 theme low 309:311 arg1 infants 332:338 the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants 287:338 the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants 287:338 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 23782538 2 69 theme milk 392:395 arg1 composition 362:372 the different composition 348:372 the different composition of cow and breast milk 348:395 Due to the different composition of cow and breast milk, these devices need to be validated against reference methods before they can be used in daily routine. 23782538 3 70 theme reference 518:526 arg1 methods 528:534 current reference methods 510:534 current reference methods 510:534 However, current reference methods require a sample volume of 30-100 mL to analyse fat, protein and lactose. 23782538 8 71 theme reliable 1495:1502 arg1 analyses 1516:1523 reliable and precise analyses 1495:1523 reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk 1495:1567 The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers. 23782538 1 72 theme breast 235:240 arg1 milk 242:245 breast milk 235:245 breast milk 235:245 Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. 26289724 4 0 theme novel 765:769 arg1 isolate 771:777 the novel isolate 761:777 the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours 761:818 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 6 1 theme phospholipid 1016:1027 arg1 type 1029:1032 phospholipid type 1016:1032 phospholipid type 1016:1032 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 10 2 theme  = CCTCC 1398:1405 arg1 29143T 1426:1431  = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T 1398:1431  = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T 1398:1431 The type strain is YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T). 26289724 10 2 theme  = CCTCC 1398:1405 arg1 YN-5-1T 1389:1395 YN-5-1T 1389:1395 YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T) 1389:1432 The type strain is YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T). 26289724 3 3 theme Nonomuraea 467:476 arg1 45086T 490:495 Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T 467:495 Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T 467:495 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 4 4 theme characteristics 553:567 arg1 levels 581:586 levels 581:586 levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %) 581:744 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 4 theme characteristics 553:567 arg1 range 519:523 A wide range 512:523 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 512:567 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 2 5 theme polyphasic 248:257 arg1 approach 259:266 a polyphasic approach 246:266 a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position 246:302 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 4 6 theme strain 619:624 arg1 % 671:671 57.46 % 665:671 57.46 % 665:671 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 6 theme strain 619:624 arg1 YN-5-1T 626:632 strain YN-5-1T 619:632 strain YN-5-1T 619:632 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 7 theme relatedness 599:609 arg1 levels 581:586 levels 581:586 levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %) 581:744 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 7 theme relatedness 599:609 arg1 range 519:523 A wide range 512:523 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 512:567 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 8 theme closest 788:794 arg1 neighbours 809:818 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 784:818 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 784:818 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 8 9 theme Nonomuraea 1329:1338 arg1 sp 1348:1349 the name Nonomuraea flavida sp 1320:1349 the name Nonomuraea flavida sp 1320:1349 Based on the above data, strain YN-5-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea flavida sp. 26289724 4 10 from neighbours 809:818 arg1 isolate 771:777 the novel isolate 761:777 the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours 761:818 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 2 11 theme medicinal 189:197 arg1 plant 199:203 a medicinal plant 187:203 a medicinal plant 187:203 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 2 11 theme medicinal 189:197 arg1 napellus 215:222 Aconitum napellus 206:222 Aconitum napellus 206:222 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 5 12 theme YN-5-1T 865:871 arg1 typical 878:884 typical 878:884 typical 878:884 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T were typical of the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 5 12 theme YN-5-1T 865:871 arg1 characteristics 839:853 The morphological characteristics 821:853 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T 821:871 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T were typical of the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 13 theme YN-5-1T 1119:1125 arg1 assignment 1098:1107 the assignment 1094:1107 the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea 1094:1149 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 8 14 theme above 1215:1219 arg1 data 1221:1224 the above data 1211:1224 the above data 1211:1224 Based on the above data, strain YN-5-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea flavida sp. 26289724 4 15 theme DSM 689:691 arg1 43553T 693:698 N. ferruginea DSM 43553T 675:698 N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) 675:708 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 15 theme DSM 689:691 arg1 % 707:707 53.50 % 701:707 53.50 % 701:707 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 6 16 theme Chemotaxonomic 911:924 arg1 menaquinone 1041:1051 major menaquinone 1035:1051 major menaquinone 1035:1051 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 16 theme Chemotaxonomic 911:924 arg1 characteristics 926:940 Chemotaxonomic characteristics 911:940 Chemotaxonomic characteristics 911:940 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 16 theme Chemotaxonomic 911:924 arg1 acid 970:973 diagnostic diamino acid 951:973 diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 951:994 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 16 theme Chemotaxonomic 911:924 arg1 type 1029:1032 phospholipid type 1016:1032 phospholipid type 1016:1032 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 16 theme Chemotaxonomic 911:924 arg1 acids 1069:1073 major fatty acids 1057:1073 major fatty acids 1057:1073 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 16 theme Chemotaxonomic 911:924 arg1 sugars 1008:1013 whole-cell sugars 997:1013 whole-cell sugars 997:1013 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 3 17 theme 16S 331:333 arg1 similarities 354:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 323:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively 323:509 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 1 18 theme actinomycete 53:64 arg1 species 37:43 a novel species 29:43 a novel species of soil actinomycete 29:64 nov., a novel species of soil actinomycete isolated from Aconitum napellus rhizosphere. 26289724 1 18 theme actinomycete 53:64 arg1 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov., a novel species of soil actinomycete isolated from Aconitum napellus rhizosphere. 26289724 6 19 theme whole-cell 997:1006 arg1 sugars 1008:1013 whole-cell sugars 997:1013 whole-cell sugars 997:1013 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 4 20 theme N. 675:676 arg1 43553T 693:698 N. ferruginea DSM 43553T 675:698 N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) 675:708 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 20 theme N. 675:676 arg1 % 707:707 53.50 % 701:707 53.50 % 701:707 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 3 21 theme 97.1  385:389 arg1 % 390:390 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % 370:390 % 390:390 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 0 22 theme Nonomuraea 0:9 arg1 sp 19:20 Nonomuraea flavida sp 0:20 Nonomuraea flavida sp. 0:21 Nonomuraea flavida sp. 26289724 5 23 theme strain 858:863 arg1 YN-5-1T 865:871 strain YN-5-1T 858:871 strain YN-5-1T 858:871 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T were typical of the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 24 theme peptidoglycan 982:994 arg1 type 1029:1032 phospholipid type 1016:1032 phospholipid type 1016:1032 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 24 theme peptidoglycan 982:994 arg1 menaquinone 1041:1051 major menaquinone 1035:1051 major menaquinone 1035:1051 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 24 theme peptidoglycan 982:994 arg1 acid 970:973 diagnostic diamino acid 951:973 diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 951:994 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 24 theme peptidoglycan 982:994 arg1 acids 1069:1073 major fatty acids 1057:1073 major fatty acids 1057:1073 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 24 theme peptidoglycan 982:994 arg1 sugars 1008:1013 whole-cell sugars 997:1013 whole-cell sugars 997:1013 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 3 25 theme gene 340:343 arg1 similarities 354:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 323:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively 323:509 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 10 26 theme type 1374:1377 arg1 YN-5-1T 1389:1395 YN-5-1T 1389:1395 YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T) 1389:1432 The type strain is YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T). 26289724 10 26 theme type 1374:1377 arg1 strain 1379:1384 The type strain 1370:1384 The type strain 1370:1384 The type strain is YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T). 26289724 8 27 theme novel 1271:1275 arg1 species 1277:1283 a novel species 1269:1283 a novel species 1269:1283 Based on the above data, strain YN-5-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea flavida sp. 26289724 4 28 theme turkmeniaca 641:651 arg1 43926T 657:662 N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 638:662 N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 638:662 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 3 29 theme turkmeniaca 406:416 arg1 43926T 422:427 Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 395:427 Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 395:427 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 6 30 theme diamino 962:968 arg1 acid 970:973 diagnostic diamino acid 951:973 diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 951:994 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 3 31 theme 97.3 370:373 arg1 % 390:390 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % 370:390 % 390:390 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 8 32 theme genus 1292:1296 arg1 Nonomuraea 1298:1307 the genus Nonomuraea 1288:1307 the genus Nonomuraea 1288:1307 Based on the above data, strain YN-5-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea flavida sp. 26289724 3 33 theme DSM 452:454 arg1 43553T 456:461 Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T 430:461 Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T 430:461 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 7 34 theme 72.1 mol 1191:1198 arg1 % 1199:1199 72.1 mol% 1191:1199 72.1 mol% 1191:1199 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26289724 7 34 theme 72.1 mol 1191:1198 arg1 content 1160:1166 The G+C content 1152:1166 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1152:1185 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26289724 3 35 theme Nonomuraea 430:439 arg1 43553T 456:461 Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T 430:461 Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T 430:461 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 6 36 theme major 1035:1039 arg1 menaquinone 1041:1051 major menaquinone 1035:1051 major menaquinone 1035:1051 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 2 37 attach isolated 149:156 arg2 YN-5-1T 140:146 YN-5-1T 140:146 YN-5-1T 140:146 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 2 37 attach isolated 149:156 arg1 soil 179:182 the rhizosphere soil 163:182 the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, 163:223 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 2 37 attach isolated 149:156 arg2 strain 132:137 A novel actinomycete strain 111:137 A novel actinomycete strain 111:137 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 4 38 theme candida 717:723 arg1 45086T 729:734 N. candida DSM 45086T 714:734 N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %) 714:744 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 38 theme candida 717:723 arg1 % 743:743 48.80 % 737:743 48.80 % 737:743 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 3 39 theme candida 478:484 arg1 45086T 490:495 Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T 467:495 Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T 467:495 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 1 40 theme novel 31:35 arg1 species 37:43 a novel species 29:43 a novel species of soil actinomycete 29:64 nov., a novel species of soil actinomycete isolated from Aconitum napellus rhizosphere. 26289724 1 40 theme novel 31:35 arg1 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov., a novel species of soil actinomycete isolated from Aconitum napellus rhizosphere. 26289724 10 41 theme AB 1407:1408 arg1 29143T 1426:1431  = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T 1398:1431  = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T 1398:1431 The type strain is YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T). 26289724 10 41 theme AB 1407:1408 arg1 YN-5-1T 1389:1395 YN-5-1T 1389:1395 YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T) 1389:1432 The type strain is YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T). 26289724 4 42 theme genotypic 528:536 arg1 characteristics 553:567 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 528:567 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 528:567 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 43 theme phenotypic 542:551 arg1 characteristics 553:567 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 528:567 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 528:567 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 3 44 theme 45086T 490:495 arg1 similarities 354:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 323:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively 323:509 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 2 45 theme actinomycete 119:130 arg1 strain 132:137 A novel actinomycete strain 111:137 A novel actinomycete strain 111:137 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 2 45 theme actinomycete 119:130 arg1 YN-5-1T 140:146 YN-5-1T 140:146 YN-5-1T 140:146 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 2 46 theme taxonomic 285:293 arg1 position 295:302 its taxonomic position 281:302 its taxonomic position 281:302 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 1 47 dep Aconitum 80:87 arg1 napellus 89:96 napellus 89:96 napellus 89:96 nov., a novel species of soil actinomycete isolated from Aconitum napellus rhizosphere. 26289724 8 48 theme name 1324:1327 arg1 sp 1348:1349 the name Nonomuraea flavida sp 1320:1349 the name Nonomuraea flavida sp 1320:1349 Based on the above data, strain YN-5-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea flavida sp. 26289724 6 49 theme fatty 1063:1067 arg1 acids 1069:1073 major fatty acids 1057:1073 major fatty acids 1057:1073 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 4 50 theme DNA-DNA 591:597 arg1 relatedness 599:609 DNA-DNA relatedness 591:609 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %) 591:744 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 2 51 theme plant 199:203 arg1 soil 179:182 the rhizosphere soil 163:182 the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, 163:223 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 6 52 theme genus 1134:1138 arg1 Nonomuraea 1140:1149 the genus Nonomuraea 1130:1149 the genus Nonomuraea 1130:1149 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 5 53 theme morphological 825:837 arg1 typical 878:884 typical 878:884 typical 878:884 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T were typical of the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 5 53 theme morphological 825:837 arg1 characteristics 839:853 The morphological characteristics 821:853 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T 821:871 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T were typical of the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 6 54 theme diagnostic 951:960 arg1 acid 970:973 diagnostic diamino acid 951:973 diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 951:994 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 4 55 theme phylogenetic 796:807 arg1 neighbours 809:818 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 784:818 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 784:818 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 6 56 theme strain 1112:1117 arg1 YN-5-1T 1119:1125 strain YN-5-1T 1112:1125 strain YN-5-1T 1112:1125 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 4 57 theme N. 638:639 arg1 43926T 657:662 N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 638:662 N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 638:662 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 58 theme DSM 653:655 arg1 43926T 657:662 N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 638:662 N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 638:662 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 3 59 theme rRNA 335:338 arg1 similarities 354:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 323:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively 323:509 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 8 60 theme strain 1227:1232 arg1 YN-5-1T 1234:1240 strain YN-5-1T 1227:1240 strain YN-5-1T 1227:1240 Based on the above data, strain YN-5-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea flavida sp. 26289724 7 61 theme DNA 1183:1185 arg1 % 1199:1199 72.1 mol% 1191:1199 72.1 mol% 1191:1199 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26289724 7 61 theme DNA 1183:1185 arg1 content 1160:1166 The G+C content 1152:1166 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1152:1185 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26289724 1 62 theme soil 48:51 arg1 actinomycete 53:64 soil actinomycete 48:64 soil actinomycete 48:64 nov., a novel species of soil actinomycete isolated from Aconitum napellus rhizosphere. 26289724 3 63 theme highest 323:329 arg1 similarities 354:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 323:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively 323:509 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 3 64 theme Nonomuraea 395:404 arg1 43926T 422:427 Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 395:427 Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 395:427 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 0 65 theme flavida 11:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Nonomuraea flavida sp 0:20 Nonomuraea flavida sp. 0:21 Nonomuraea flavida sp. 26289724 4 66 theme wide 514:517 arg1 range 519:523 A wide range 512:523 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 512:567 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 2 67 theme rhizosphere 167:177 arg1 soil 179:182 the rhizosphere soil 163:182 the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, 163:223 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 3 68 theme % 390:390 arg1 similarities 354:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 323:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively 323:509 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 1 69 theme Aconitum 80:87 arg1 rhizosphere 98:108 Aconitum napellus rhizosphere 80:108 Aconitum napellus rhizosphere 80:108 nov., a novel species of soil actinomycete isolated from Aconitum napellus rhizosphere. 26289724 3 70 theme sequence 345:352 arg1 similarities 354:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 323:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively 323:509 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 4 71 theme ferruginea 678:687 arg1 43553T 693:698 N. ferruginea DSM 43553T 675:698 N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) 675:708 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 71 theme ferruginea 678:687 arg1 % 707:707 53.50 % 701:707 53.50 % 701:707 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 72 theme DSM 725:727 arg1 45086T 729:734 N. candida DSM 45086T 714:734 N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %) 714:744 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 72 theme DSM 725:727 arg1 % 743:743 48.80 % 737:743 48.80 % 737:743 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 3 73 theme DSM 418:420 arg1 43926T 422:427 Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 395:427 Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T 395:427 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 6 74 theme major 1057:1061 arg1 acids 1069:1073 major fatty acids 1057:1073 major fatty acids 1057:1073 Chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, phospholipid type, major menaquinone and major fatty acids, further supported the assignment of strain YN-5-1T to the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 3 75 theme 43553T 456:461 arg1 similarities 354:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 323:365 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively 323:509 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 5 76 theme Nonomuraea 899:908 arg1 typical 878:884 typical 878:884 typical 878:884 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T were typical of the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 5 76 theme Nonomuraea 899:908 arg1 characteristics 839:853 The morphological characteristics 821:853 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T 821:871 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T were typical of the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 7 77 theme genomic 1175:1181 arg1 DNA 1183:1185 the genomic DNA 1171:1185 the genomic DNA 1171:1185 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26289724 5 78 theme genus 893:897 arg1 Nonomuraea 899:908 the genus Nonomuraea 889:908 the genus Nonomuraea 889:908 The morphological characteristics of strain YN-5-1T were typical of the genus Nonomuraea. 26289724 8 79 theme Nonomuraea 1298:1307 arg1 species 1277:1283 a novel species 1269:1283 a novel species 1269:1283 Based on the above data, strain YN-5-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea flavida sp. 26289724 3 80 theme ferruginea 441:450 arg1 43553T 456:461 Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T 430:461 Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T 430:461 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 10 81 theme 2012909T = KCTC 1410:1424 arg1 29143T 1426:1431  = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T 1398:1431  = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T 1398:1431 The type strain is YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T). 26289724 10 81 theme 2012909T = KCTC 1410:1424 arg1 YN-5-1T 1389:1395 YN-5-1T 1389:1395 YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T) 1389:1432 The type strain is YN-5-1T ( = CCTCC AB 2012909T = KCTC 29143T). 26289724 2 82 theme novel 113:117 arg1 strain 132:137 A novel actinomycete strain 111:137 A novel actinomycete strain 111:137 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 2 82 theme novel 113:117 arg1 YN-5-1T 140:146 YN-5-1T 140:146 YN-5-1T 140:146 A novel actinomycete strain, YN-5-1T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, Aconitum napellus, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26289724 4 83 theme N. 714:715 arg1 45086T 729:734 N. candida DSM 45086T 714:734 N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %) 714:744 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 4 83 theme N. 714:715 arg1 % 743:743 48.80 % 737:743 48.80 % 737:743 A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YN-5-1T and N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (57.46 %), N. ferruginea DSM 43553T (53.50 %) and N. candida DSM 45086T (48.80 %), distinguished the novel isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26289724 3 84 theme DSM 486:488 arg1 45086T 490:495 Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T 467:495 Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T 467:495 The strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2 and 97.1 % to Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T, Nonomuraea ferruginea DSM 43553T and Nonomuraea candida DSM 45086T, respectively. 26289724 7 85 theme G+C 1156:1158 arg1 % 1199:1199 72.1 mol% 1191:1199 72.1 mol% 1191:1199 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26289724 7 85 theme G+C 1156:1158 arg1 content 1160:1166 The G+C content 1152:1166 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1152:1185 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 24968107 0 0 theme biomass 80:86 arg1 digestibility 88:100 biomass digestibility 80:100 biomass digestibility 80:100 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum is distinctively affected by wall polymer features for biomass digestibility and ethanol fermentation in bagasse. 24968107 2 1 theme representative 344:357 arg1 accessions 373:382 total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions 335:382 total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse 335:472 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 5 2 theme negative 1023:1030 arg1 impacts 1032:1038 lignin negative impacts 1016:1038 lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions 1016:1060 By comparison, lignin could not alter lignocellulose crystallinity, but the KOH-extractable G-monomer predominately determined lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions, and the G-levels released from pretreatments significantly inhibited yeast fermentation. 24968107 4 3 theme arabinose 737:745 arg1 degree 760:765 DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree 705:765 degree 760:765 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 5 4 from impacts 1032:1038 arg1 digestions 1051:1060 biomass digestions 1043:1060 biomass digestions 1043:1060 By comparison, lignin could not alter lignocellulose crystallinity, but the KOH-extractable G-monomer predominately determined lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions, and the G-levels released from pretreatments significantly inhibited yeast fermentation. 24968107 4 5 theme high 861:864 arg1 digestibility 874:886 high biomass digestibility 861:886 high biomass digestibility 861:886 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 4 6 theme lignocellulose 828:841 arg1 crystallinity 843:855 lignocellulose crystallinity 828:855 lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility 828:886 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 4 7 theme Comparative 636:646 arg1 analyses 648:655 Comparative analyses 636:655 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples 636:688 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 2 8 from composition 451:461 arg1 level 414:418 a varied sugar level 399:418 a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition 399:461 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 4 9 theme substitution 747:758 arg1 degree 760:765 DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree 705:765 degree 760:765 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 3 10 theme Correlative 475:485 arg1 analysis 487:494 Correlative analysis 475:494 Correlative analysis 475:494 Correlative analysis showed that both soluble-sugar and dry-bagasse could not significantly affect lignocellulose saccharification under chemical pretreatments. 24968107 6 11 theme sweet 1321:1325 arg1 sorghum 1327:1333 sweet sorghum 1321:1333 sweet sorghum 1321:1333 The results also suggested potential genetic approaches for enhancing soluble-sugar level and lignocellulose digestibility and reducing ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum. 24968107 4 12 theme pairs 673:677 arg1 analyses 648:655 Comparative analyses 636:655 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples 636:688 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 6 13 theme potential 1179:1187 arg1 approaches 1197:1206 potential genetic approaches 1179:1206 potential genetic approaches for enhancing soluble-sugar level and lignocellulose digestibility and reducing ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum 1179:1333 The results also suggested potential genetic approaches for enhancing soluble-sugar level and lignocellulose digestibility and reducing ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum. 24968107 4 14 theme crystalline 711:721 arg1 cellulose 723:731 DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree 705:765 cellulose 723:731 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 4 15 theme DP 705:706 arg1 cellulose 723:731 DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree 705:765 cellulose 723:731 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 0 16 theme ethanol 106:112 arg1 fermentation 114:125 ethanol fermentation 106:125 ethanol fermentation 106:125 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum is distinctively affected by wall polymer features for biomass digestibility and ethanol fermentation in bagasse. 24968107 2 17 theme diverse 433:439 arg1 composition 451:461 stalk and diverse cell wall composition 423:461 stalk and diverse cell wall composition 423:461 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 5 18 theme KOH-extractable 965:979 arg1 G-monomer 981:989 the KOH-extractable G-monomer 961:989 the KOH-extractable G-monomer 961:989 By comparison, lignin could not alter lignocellulose crystallinity, but the KOH-extractable G-monomer predominately determined lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions, and the G-levels released from pretreatments significantly inhibited yeast fermentation. 24968107 2 19 theme cell 441:444 arg1 composition 451:461 stalk and diverse cell wall composition 423:461 stalk and diverse cell wall composition 423:461 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 1 20 theme typical 176:182 arg1 species 184:190 a typical species 174:190 a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues 174:246 Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. 24968107 1 20 theme typical 176:182 arg1 sorghum 145:151 Sweet sorghum 139:151 Sweet sorghum 139:151 Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. 24968107 0 21 theme Sugar-rich 0:9 arg1 sorghum 17:23 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum 0:23 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum 0:23 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum is distinctively affected by wall polymer features for biomass digestibility and ethanol fermentation in bagasse. 24968107 1 22 theme biomass 270:276 arg1 digestibility 278:290 biomass digestibility 270:290 biomass digestibility 270:290 Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. 24968107 4 23 theme non-KOH-extractable 770:788 arg1 hemicelluloses 790:803 non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses 770:803 non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses 770:803 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 5 24 theme lignin 1016:1021 arg1 impacts 1032:1038 lignin negative impacts 1016:1038 lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions 1016:1060 By comparison, lignin could not alter lignocellulose crystallinity, but the KOH-extractable G-monomer predominately determined lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions, and the G-levels released from pretreatments significantly inhibited yeast fermentation. 24968107 4 25 theme of 708:709 arg1 cellulose 723:731 DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree 705:765 cellulose 723:731 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 2 26 theme sweet 359:363 arg1 accessions 373:382 total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions 335:382 total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse 335:472 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 1 27 from effects 259:265 arg1 digestibility 278:290 biomass digestibility 270:290 biomass digestibility 270:290 Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. 24968107 5 28 theme lignocellulose 927:940 arg1 crystallinity 942:954 lignocellulose crystallinity 927:954 lignocellulose crystallinity 927:954 By comparison, lignin could not alter lignocellulose crystallinity, but the KOH-extractable G-monomer predominately determined lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions, and the G-levels released from pretreatments significantly inhibited yeast fermentation. 24968107 2 29 theme stalk 423:427 arg1 composition 451:461 stalk and diverse cell wall composition 423:461 stalk and diverse cell wall composition 423:461 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 3 30 theme lignocellulose 574:587 arg1 saccharification 589:604 lignocellulose saccharification 574:604 lignocellulose saccharification 574:604 Correlative analysis showed that both soluble-sugar and dry-bagasse could not significantly affect lignocellulose saccharification under chemical pretreatments. 24968107 1 31 theme rich 196:199 arg1 residues 239:246 rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues 196:246 rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues 196:246 Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. 24968107 1 32 theme soluble-sugar 201:213 arg1 residues 239:246 rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues 196:246 rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues 196:246 Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. 24968107 4 33 theme samples 682:688 arg1 pairs 673:677 five typical pairs 660:677 five typical pairs of samples 660:688 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 6 34 theme soluble-sugar 1222:1234 arg1 level 1236:1240 soluble-sugar level 1222:1240 soluble-sugar level 1222:1240 The results also suggested potential genetic approaches for enhancing soluble-sugar level and lignocellulose digestibility and reducing ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum. 24968107 2 35 theme sugar 408:412 arg1 level 414:418 a varied sugar level 399:418 a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition 399:461 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 6 36 theme lignocellulose 1246:1259 arg1 digestibility 1261:1273 lignocellulose digestibility 1246:1273 lignocellulose digestibility 1246:1273 The results also suggested potential genetic approaches for enhancing soluble-sugar level and lignocellulose digestibility and reducing ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum. 24968107 6 37 from inhibition 1307:1316 arg1 sorghum 1327:1333 sweet sorghum 1321:1333 sweet sorghum 1321:1333 The results also suggested potential genetic approaches for enhancing soluble-sugar level and lignocellulose digestibility and reducing ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum. 24968107 2 38 theme varied 401:406 arg1 level 414:418 a varied sugar level 399:418 a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition 399:461 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 0 39 theme wall 54:57 arg1 features 67:74 wall polymer features 54:74 wall polymer features for biomass digestibility and ethanol fermentation in bagasse 54:136 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum is distinctively affected by wall polymer features for biomass digestibility and ethanol fermentation in bagasse. 24968107 6 40 theme genetic 1189:1195 arg1 approaches 1197:1206 potential genetic approaches 1179:1206 potential genetic approaches for enhancing soluble-sugar level and lignocellulose digestibility and reducing ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum 1179:1333 The results also suggested potential genetic approaches for enhancing soluble-sugar level and lignocellulose digestibility and reducing ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum. 24968107 3 41 theme chemical 612:619 arg1 pretreatments 621:633 chemical pretreatments 612:633 chemical pretreatments 612:633 Correlative analysis showed that both soluble-sugar and dry-bagasse could not significantly affect lignocellulose saccharification under chemical pretreatments. 24968107 6 42 theme ethanol 1288:1294 arg1 inhibition 1307:1316 ethanol conversion inhibition 1288:1316 ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum 1288:1333 The results also suggested potential genetic approaches for enhancing soluble-sugar level and lignocellulose digestibility and reducing ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum. 24968107 2 43 theme total 335:339 arg1 accessions 373:382 total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions 335:382 total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse 335:472 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 2 44 theme wall 446:449 arg1 composition 451:461 stalk and diverse cell wall composition 423:461 stalk and diverse cell wall composition 423:461 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 5 45 attach released 1080:1087 arg1 pretreatments 1094:1106 pretreatments 1094:1106 pretreatments 1094:1106 By comparison, lignin could not alter lignocellulose crystallinity, but the KOH-extractable G-monomer predominately determined lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions, and the G-levels released from pretreatments significantly inhibited yeast fermentation. 24968107 5 45 attach released 1080:1087 arg2 G-levels 1071:1078 the G-levels 1067:1078 the G-levels released from pretreatments 1067:1106 By comparison, lignin could not alter lignocellulose crystallinity, but the KOH-extractable G-monomer predominately determined lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions, and the G-levels released from pretreatments significantly inhibited yeast fermentation. 24968107 0 46 from fermentation 114:125 arg1 bagasse 130:136 bagasse 130:136 bagasse 130:136 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum is distinctively affected by wall polymer features for biomass digestibility and ethanol fermentation in bagasse. 24968107 5 47 theme biomass 1043:1049 arg1 digestions 1051:1060 biomass digestions 1043:1060 biomass digestions 1043:1060 By comparison, lignin could not alter lignocellulose crystallinity, but the KOH-extractable G-monomer predominately determined lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions, and the G-levels released from pretreatments significantly inhibited yeast fermentation. 24968107 5 48 theme yeast 1132:1136 arg1 fermentation 1138:1149 yeast fermentation 1132:1149 yeast fermentation 1132:1149 By comparison, lignin could not alter lignocellulose crystallinity, but the KOH-extractable G-monomer predominately determined lignin negative impacts on biomass digestions, and the G-levels released from pretreatments significantly inhibited yeast fermentation. 24968107 4 49 theme hemicelluloses 790:803 arg1 cellulose 723:731 DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree 705:765 cellulose 723:731 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 4 49 theme hemicelluloses 790:803 arg1 degree 760:765 DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree 705:765 degree 760:765 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 6 50 theme conversion 1296:1305 arg1 inhibition 1307:1316 ethanol conversion inhibition 1288:1316 ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum 1288:1333 The results also suggested potential genetic approaches for enhancing soluble-sugar level and lignocellulose digestibility and reducing ethanol conversion inhibition in sweet sorghum. 24968107 1 51 theme high 219:222 arg1 residues 239:246 rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues 196:246 rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues 196:246 Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. 24968107 4 52 theme biomass 866:872 arg1 digestibility 874:886 high biomass digestibility 861:886 high biomass digestibility 861:886 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 1 53 theme Sweet 139:143 arg1 species 184:190 a typical species 174:190 a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues 174:246 Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. 24968107 1 53 theme Sweet 139:143 arg1 sorghum 145:151 Sweet sorghum 139:151 Sweet sorghum 139:151 Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. 24968107 1 54 theme lignocellulose 224:237 arg1 residues 239:246 rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues 196:246 rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues 196:246 Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. 24968107 0 55 from digestibility 88:100 arg1 bagasse 130:136 bagasse 130:136 bagasse 130:136 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum is distinctively affected by wall polymer features for biomass digestibility and ethanol fermentation in bagasse. 24968107 2 56 theme sorghum 365:371 arg1 accessions 373:382 total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions 335:382 total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse 335:472 In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. 24968107 4 57 theme typical 665:671 arg1 pairs 673:677 five typical pairs 660:677 five typical pairs of samples 660:688 Comparative analyses of five typical pairs of samples indicated that DP of crystalline cellulose and arabinose substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses distinctively affected lignocellulose crystallinity for high biomass digestibility. 24968107 0 58 theme polymer 59:65 arg1 features 67:74 wall polymer features 54:74 wall polymer features for biomass digestibility and ethanol fermentation in bagasse 54:136 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum is distinctively affected by wall polymer features for biomass digestibility and ethanol fermentation in bagasse. 24968107 0 59 theme sweet 11:15 arg1 sorghum 17:23 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum 0:23 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum 0:23 Sugar-rich sweet sorghum is distinctively affected by wall polymer features for biomass digestibility and ethanol fermentation in bagasse. 29160198 9 0 theme sakaeratensis 930:942 arg1 205T 950:953 Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T 917:953 Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) 917:963 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 9 0 theme sakaeratensis 930:942 arg1 % 962:962 99.10 % 956:962 99.10 % 956:962 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 2 1 theme short 98:102 arg1 chains 104:109 short chains 98:109 short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium 98:192 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T, which formed short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium, was isolated from soil in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. 29160198 11 2 theme novel 1283:1287 arg1 species 1289:1295 a novel species 1281:1295 a novel species 1281:1295 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora soli sp. 29160198 9 3 theme DMKUA 944:948 arg1 205T 950:953 Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T 917:953 Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) 917:963 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 9 3 theme DMKUA 944:948 arg1 % 962:962 99.10 % 956:962 99.10 % 956:962 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 7 4 theme cellular 662:669 arg1 C17  688:691 C17  688:691 C17  688:691 The main cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 29160198 7 4 theme cellular 662:669 arg1 acids 677:681 The main cellular fatty acids 653:681 The main cellular fatty acids 653:681 The main cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 29160198 13 5 theme =BCC 1385:1388 arg1 PS42-9T 1376:1382 PS42-9T 1376:1382 PS42-9T (=BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T) 1376:1409 The type strain is PS42-9T (=BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T). 29160198 13 5 theme =BCC 1385:1388 arg1 108780T 1402:1408 =BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T 1385:1408 =BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T 1385:1408 The type strain is PS42-9T (=BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T). 29160198 10 6 theme DNA-DNA 1031:1037 arg1 hybridization 1039:1051 DNA-DNA hybridization 1031:1051 DNA-DNA hybridization 1031:1051 The result of DNA-DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain PS42-9T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 29160198 11 7 dep data 1252:1255 arg1 the 1208:1210 the 1208:1210 the 1208:1210 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora soli sp. 29160198 11 7 dep data 1252:1255 arg1 basis 1212:1216 basis 1212:1216 basis 1212:1216 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora soli sp. 29160198 7 8 theme fatty 671:675 arg1 C17  688:691 C17  688:691 C17  688:691 The main cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 29160198 7 8 theme fatty 671:675 arg1 acids 677:681 The main cellular fatty acids 653:681 The main cellular fatty acids 653:681 The main cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 29160198 4 9 theme whole-cell 355:364 arg1 glucose 396:402 glucose 396:402 glucose 396:402 The whole-cell sugars of strain PS42-9T were glucose, madurose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 29160198 4 9 theme whole-cell 355:364 arg1 sugars 366:371 The whole-cell sugars 351:371 The whole-cell sugars of strain PS42-9T 351:389 The whole-cell sugars of strain PS42-9T were glucose, madurose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 29160198 9 10 theme strain 828:833 arg1 PS42-9T 835:841 strain PS42-9T 828:841 strain PS42-9T 828:841 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 4 11 theme strain 376:381 arg1 PS42-9T 383:389 strain PS42-9T 376:389 strain PS42-9T 376:389 The whole-cell sugars of strain PS42-9T were glucose, madurose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 29160198 3 12 theme meso-diaminopimelic 294:312 arg1 acid 314:317 meso-diaminopimelic acid 294:317 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 294:348 The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 29160198 7 13 theme main 657:660 arg1 C17  688:691 C17  688:691 C17  688:691 The main cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 29160198 7 13 theme main 657:660 arg1 acids 677:681 The main cellular fatty acids 653:681 The main cellular fatty acids 653:681 The main cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 29160198 11 14 theme name 1312:1315 arg1 sp 1335:1336 the name Herbidospora soli sp 1308:1336 the name Herbidospora soli sp 1308:1336 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora soli sp. 29160198 5 15 theme characteristic 449:462 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 483:506 phosphatidylethanolamine 483:506 phosphatidylethanolamine 483:506 The characteristic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipids. 29160198 5 15 theme characteristic 449:462 arg1 phospholipids 464:476 The characteristic phospholipids 445:476 The characteristic phospholipids 445:476 The characteristic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipids. 29160198 2 16 theme spores 114:119 arg1 chains 104:109 short chains 98:109 short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium 98:192 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T, which formed short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium, was isolated from soil in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. 29160198 8 17 theme 71.5 mol 751:758 arg1 % 759:759 71.5 mol% 751:759 71.5 mol% 751:759 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.5 mol%. 29160198 8 17 theme 71.5 mol 751:758 arg1 G+C content 716:726 The G+C content 712:726 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 712:745 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.5 mol%. 29160198 0 18 theme soli 13:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Herbidospora soli sp 0:19 Herbidospora soli sp. 0:20 Herbidospora soli sp. 29160198 10 19 theme biochemical 1080:1090 arg1 properties 1092:1101 some physiological and biochemical properties 1057:1101 some physiological and biochemical properties 1057:1101 The result of DNA-DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain PS42-9T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 29160198 0 20 theme Herbidospora 0:11 arg1 sp 18:19 Herbidospora soli sp 0:19 Herbidospora soli sp. 0:20 Herbidospora soli sp. 29160198 2 21 theme novel 50:54 arg1 PS42-9T 76:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T 48:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T 48:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T, which formed short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium, was isolated from soil in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. 29160198 3 22 theme cell-wall 326:334 arg1 peptidoglycan 336:348 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 322:348 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 322:348 The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 29160198 11 23 theme Herbidospora 1317:1328 arg1 sp 1335:1336 the name Herbidospora soli sp 1308:1336 the name Herbidospora soli sp 1308:1336 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora soli sp. 29160198 10 24 theme phylogenetic 1181:1192 arg1 relatives 1194:1202 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1169:1202 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1169:1202 The result of DNA-DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain PS42-9T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 29160198 9 25 theme yilanensis 982:991 arg1 106371T 998:1004 Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T 969:1004 Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %) 969:1014 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 9 25 theme yilanensis 982:991 arg1 % 1013:1013 98.61 % 1007:1013 98.61 % 1007:1013 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 11 26 theme genotypic 1242:1250 arg1 data 1252:1255 these phenotypic and genotypic data 1221:1255 these phenotypic and genotypic data 1221:1255 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora soli sp. 29160198 2 27 theme long 141:144 arg1 sporophores 146:156 long sporophores 141:156 long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium 141:192 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T, which formed short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium, was isolated from soil in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. 29160198 9 28 theme NBRC 993:996 arg1 106371T 998:1004 Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T 969:1004 Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %) 969:1014 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 9 28 theme NBRC 993:996 arg1 % 1013:1013 98.61 % 1007:1013 98.61 % 1007:1013 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 10 29 theme strain 1118:1123 arg1 PS42-9T 1125:1131 strain PS42-9T 1118:1131 strain PS42-9T 1118:1131 The result of DNA-DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain PS42-9T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 29160198 9 30 theme genus 871:875 arg1 Herbidospora 877:888 the genus Herbidospora 867:888 the genus Herbidospora 867:888 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 3 31 from acid 314:317 arg1 peptidoglycan 336:348 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 322:348 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 322:348 The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 29160198 6 32 theme major 620:624 arg1 MK-10 642:646 MK-10 642:646 MK-10 642:646 The major menaquinone was MK-10(H4). 29160198 6 32 theme major 620:624 arg1 menaquinone 626:636 The major menaquinone 616:636 The major menaquinone 616:636 The major menaquinone was MK-10(H4). 29160198 8 33 theme DNA 743:745 arg1 % 759:759 71.5 mol% 751:759 71.5 mol% 751:759 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.5 mol%. 29160198 8 33 theme DNA 743:745 arg1 G+C content 716:726 The G+C content 712:726 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 712:745 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.5 mol%. 29160198 11 34 theme phenotypic 1227:1236 arg1 data 1252:1255 these phenotypic and genotypic data 1221:1255 these phenotypic and genotypic data 1221:1255 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora soli sp. 29160198 13 35 theme type 1361:1364 arg1 PS42-9T 1376:1382 PS42-9T 1376:1382 PS42-9T (=BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T) 1376:1409 The type strain is PS42-9T (=BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T). 29160198 13 35 theme type 1361:1364 arg1 strain 1366:1371 The type strain 1357:1371 The type strain 1357:1371 The type strain is PS42-9T (=BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T). 29160198 9 36 theme Herbidospora 969:980 arg1 106371T 998:1004 Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T 969:1004 Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %) 969:1014 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 9 36 theme Herbidospora 969:980 arg1 % 1013:1013 98.61 % 1007:1013 98.61 % 1007:1013 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 8 37 theme genomic 735:741 arg1 DNA 743:745 the genomic DNA 731:745 the genomic DNA 731:745 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.5 mol%. 29160198 9 38 theme Phylogenetic 762:773 arg1 analysis 775:782 Phylogenetic analysis 762:782 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences 762:812 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 10 39 theme properties 1092:1101 arg1 result 1021:1026 The result 1017:1026 The result of DNA-DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties 1017:1101 The result of DNA-DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain PS42-9T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 29160198 2 40 theme strain 69:74 arg1 PS42-9T 76:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T 48:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T 48:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T, which formed short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium, was isolated from soil in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. 29160198 10 41 theme hybridization 1039:1051 arg1 result 1021:1026 The result 1017:1026 The result of DNA-DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties 1017:1101 The result of DNA-DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain PS42-9T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 29160198 2 42 theme substrate 175:183 arg1 mycelium 185:192 the substrate mycelium 171:192 the substrate mycelium 171:192 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T, which formed short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium, was isolated from soil in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. 29160198 5 43 theme ninhydrin-positive 577:594 arg1 glycophospholipids 596:613 ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipids 577:613 ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipids 577:613 The characteristic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipids. 29160198 2 44 theme actinomycete 56:67 arg1 PS42-9T 76:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T 48:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T 48:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T, which formed short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium, was isolated from soil in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. 29160198 4 45 theme PS42-9T 383:389 arg1 glucose 396:402 glucose 396:402 glucose 396:402 The whole-cell sugars of strain PS42-9T were glucose, madurose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 29160198 4 45 theme PS42-9T 383:389 arg1 sugars 366:371 The whole-cell sugars 351:371 The whole-cell sugars of strain PS42-9T 351:389 The whole-cell sugars of strain PS42-9T were glucose, madurose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 29160198 9 46 theme 16S 790:792 arg1 sequences 804:812 16S rRNA gene sequences 790:812 16S rRNA gene sequences 790:812 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 10 47 theme physiological 1062:1074 arg1 properties 1092:1101 some physiological and biochemical properties 1057:1101 some physiological and biochemical properties 1057:1101 The result of DNA-DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain PS42-9T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 29160198 2 48 theme sporophores 146:156 arg1 tip 134:136 the tip 130:136 the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium 130:192 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T, which formed short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium, was isolated from soil in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. 29160198 9 49 theme rRNA 794:797 arg1 sequences 804:812 16S rRNA gene sequences 790:812 16S rRNA gene sequences 790:812 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 13 50 theme 46909T=NBRC 1390:1400 arg1 PS42-9T 1376:1382 PS42-9T 1376:1382 PS42-9T (=BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T) 1376:1409 The type strain is PS42-9T (=BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T). 29160198 13 50 theme 46909T=NBRC 1390:1400 arg1 108780T 1402:1408 =BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T 1385:1408 =BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T 1385:1408 The type strain is PS42-9T (=BCC 46909T=NBRC 108780T). 29160198 2 51 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 PS42-9T 76:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T 48:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T 48:82 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T, which formed short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium, was isolated from soil in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. 29160198 2 51 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 soil 213:216 soil 213:216 soil 213:216 A novel actinomycete strain PS42-9T, which formed short chains of spores borne on the tip of long sporophores arising from the substrate mycelium, was isolated from soil in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. 29160198 9 52 theme Herbidospora 917:928 arg1 205T 950:953 Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T 917:953 Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) 917:963 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 9 52 theme Herbidospora 917:928 arg1 % 962:962 99.10 % 956:962 99.10 % 956:962 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 9 53 theme gene 799:802 arg1 sequences 804:812 16S rRNA gene sequences 790:812 16S rRNA gene sequences 790:812 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PS42-9T should be classified in the genus Herbidospora and was closely related to Herbidospora sakaeratensis DMKUA 205T (99.10 %) and Herbidospora yilanensis NBRC 106371T (98.61 %). 29160198 3 54 contain contained 284:292 arg1 isolate 276:282 The isolate 272:282 The isolate 272:282 The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 29160198 3 54 contain contained 284:292 arg2 acid 314:317 meso-diaminopimelic acid 294:317 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 294:348 The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 29160198 11 55 theme soli 1330:1333 arg1 sp 1335:1336 the name Herbidospora soli sp 1308:1336 the name Herbidospora soli sp 1308:1336 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora soli sp. 29160198 10 56 theme closest 1173:1179 arg1 relatives 1194:1202 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1169:1202 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1169:1202 The result of DNA-DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain PS42-9T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27741267 1 0 theme kits 321:324 arg1 form 286:289 the form 282:289 the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits 282:324 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 3 1 theme intra-arterial 713:726 arg1 injection 728:736 the intra-arterial injection 709:736 the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging 709:834 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 0 2 theme Hepatocellular 71:84 arg1 Carcinoma 86:94 the Hepatocellular Carcinoma 67:94 the Hepatocellular Carcinoma 67:94 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 2 3 dep METHODS 436:442 arg1 composition 476:486 composition 476:486 composition 476:486 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 2 3 dep METHODS 436:442 arg1 METHODS 436:442 METHODS 436:442 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits 436:507 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 2 3 dep METHODS 436:442 arg1 conditions 461:470 Optimal labeling conditions 444:470 Optimal labeling conditions 444:470 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 0 4 dep In 127:128 arg1 Vivo 130:133 Vivo 130:133 Vivo 130:133 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 3 5 dep in 654:655 arg1 vivo 657:660 vivo 657:660 vivo 657:660 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 4 6 theme radiochemical 905:917 arg1 purity 919:924 high and stable radiochemical purity 889:924 high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively) 889:953 RESULTS Kits were optimized for 188Re and 68Ga with high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively). 27741267 1 7 theme Hepatocellular 410:423 arg1 Carcinoma 425:433 Hepatocellular Carcinoma 410:433 Hepatocellular Carcinoma 410:433 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 3 8 with approach 695:702 arg1 injection 728:736 the intra-arterial injection 709:736 the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging 709:834 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 1 9 theme ultimate 331:338 arg1 goal 340:343 the ultimate goal 327:343 the ultimate goal 327:343 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 1 10 theme Carcinoma 425:433 arg1 treatment 397:405 the treatment 393:405 the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 393:433 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 3 11 theme PET/CT 821:826 arg1 imaging 828:834 PET/CT imaging 821:834 PET/CT imaging 821:834 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 0 12 theme Preliminary 115:125 arg1 Studies 139:145 Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies 115:145 Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies 115:145 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 2 13 theme radiochemical 540:552 arg1 purity 554:559 the radiochemical purity 536:559 the radiochemical purity 536:559 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 6 14 theme theranostic 1116:1126 arg1 CONCLUSION 1084:1093 CONCLUSION SBMP 1084:1098 CONCLUSION SBMP 1084:1098 CONCLUSION SBMP are a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma. 27741267 6 14 theme theranostic 1116:1126 arg1 agent 1128:1132 a promising theranostic agent 1104:1132 a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma 1104:1205 CONCLUSION SBMP are a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma. 27741267 5 15 located found 1032:1036 arg1 liver 1045:1049 the liver 1041:1049 the liver 1041:1049 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 5 15 located found 1032:1036 arg1 part 1078:1081 the tumorous part 1065:1081 the tumorous part 1065:1081 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 5 15 located found 1032:1036 arg2 activity 1023:1030 activity 1023:1030 activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part 1023:1081 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 2 16 theme kits 504:507 arg1 composition 476:486 composition 476:486 composition 476:486 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 2 16 theme kits 504:507 arg1 METHODS 436:442 METHODS 436:442 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits 436:507 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 2 16 theme kits 504:507 arg1 conditions 461:470 Optimal labeling conditions 444:470 Optimal labeling conditions 444:470 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 4 17 theme RESULTS 837:843 arg1 Kits 845:848 RESULTS Kits 837:848 RESULTS Kits 837:848 RESULTS Kits were optimized for 188Re and 68Ga with high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively). 27741267 6 18 theme promising 1106:1114 arg1 CONCLUSION 1084:1093 CONCLUSION SBMP 1084:1098 CONCLUSION SBMP 1084:1098 CONCLUSION SBMP are a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma. 27741267 6 18 theme promising 1106:1114 arg1 agent 1128:1132 a promising theranostic agent 1104:1132 a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma 1104:1205 CONCLUSION SBMP are a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma. 27741267 3 19 dep In 595:596 arg1 vitro 598:602 vitro 598:602 vitro 598:602 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 4 20 dep purity 919:924 arg1 % 930:930 >95% 927:930 >95% 927:930 RESULTS Kits were optimized for 188Re and 68Ga with high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively). 27741267 4 20 dep purity 919:924 arg1 % 939:939 >98% 936:939 >98% 936:939 RESULTS Kits were optimized for 188Re and 68Ga with high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively). 27741267 0 21 theme 68Ga 0:3 arg1 Microparticles 28:41 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles 0:41 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 0:146 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 3 22 theme radiolabeled 746:757 arg1 SBMP 759:762 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP 741:762 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP 741:762 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 0 23 theme Starch-Based 15:26 arg1 Microparticles 28:41 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles 0:41 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 0:146 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 3 24 theme SBMP 759:762 arg1 injection 728:736 the intra-arterial injection 709:736 the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging 709:834 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 3 25 theme In 595:596 arg1 studies 614:620 In vitro stability studies 595:620 In vitro stability studies 595:620 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 0 26 theme 188Re 9:13 arg1 Microparticles 28:41 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles 0:41 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 0:146 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 5 27 theme tumorous 1069:1076 arg1 part 1078:1081 the tumorous part 1065:1081 the tumorous part 1065:1081 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 0 28 theme In 127:128 arg1 Studies 139:145 Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies 115:145 Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies 115:145 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 5 29 theme activity 1023:1030 arg1 % 1018:1018 more than 95% 1006:1018 more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part 1006:1081 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 5 29 theme activity 1023:1030 arg1 activity 1023:1030 activity 1023:1030 activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part 1023:1081 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 1 30 dep PURPOSE 148:154 arg1 aims 166:169 aims 166:169 aims 166:169 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 6 31 theme Selective 1142:1150 arg1 Therapy 1171:1177 the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy 1138:1177 the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma 1138:1205 CONCLUSION SBMP are a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma. 27741267 3 32 theme 68Ga 741:744 arg1 SBMP 759:762 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP 741:762 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP 741:762 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 6 33 theme carcinoma 1197:1205 arg1 Therapy 1171:1177 the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy 1138:1177 the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma 1138:1205 CONCLUSION SBMP are a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma. 27741267 5 34 dep in 960:961 arg1 vivo 963:966 vivo 963:966 vivo 963:966 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 2 35 theme labeling 452:459 arg1 METHODS 436:442 METHODS 436:442 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits 436:507 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 2 35 theme labeling 452:459 arg1 conditions 461:470 Optimal labeling conditions 444:470 Optimal labeling conditions 444:470 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 3 36 theme hepatic 773:779 arg1 artery 781:786 the hepatic artery 769:786 the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging 769:834 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 0 37 theme Rat 135:137 arg1 Studies 139:145 Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies 115:145 Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies 115:145 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 1 38 theme unique 363:368 arg1 vector 382:387 a unique theranostic vector 361:387 a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 361:433 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 3 39 theme stability 604:612 arg1 studies 614:620 In vitro stability studies 595:620 In vitro stability studies 595:620 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 5 40 with successful 990:999 arg1 % 1018:1018 more than 95% 1006:1018 more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part 1006:1081 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 5 40 with successful 990:999 arg1 activity 1023:1030 activity 1023:1030 activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part 1023:1081 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 2 41 theme Optimal 444:450 arg1 METHODS 436:442 METHODS 436:442 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits 436:507 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 2 41 theme Optimal 444:450 arg1 conditions 461:470 Optimal labeling conditions 444:470 Optimal labeling conditions 444:470 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 4 42 theme high 889:892 arg1 purity 919:924 high and stable radiochemical purity 889:924 high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively) 889:953 RESULTS Kits were optimized for 188Re and 68Ga with high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively). 27741267 1 43 theme theranostic 370:380 arg1 vector 382:387 a unique theranostic vector 361:387 a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 361:433 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 1 44 dep aims 166:169 arg1 being 345:349 being 345:349 being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 345:433 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 0 45 theme Theranostic 46:56 arg1 Tool 58:61 Theranostic Tool 46:61 Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma 46:94 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 2 46 theme several 575:581 arg1 parameters 583:592 several parameters 575:592 several parameters 575:592 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 0 47 dep Microparticles 28:41 arg1 Radiolabeling 97:109 Radiolabeling 97:109 Radiolabeling 97:109 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 0 47 dep Microparticles 28:41 arg1 Studies 139:145 Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies 115:145 Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies 115:145 68Ga and 188Re Starch-Based Microparticles as Theranostic Tool for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiolabeling and Preliminary In Vivo Rat Studies. 27741267 3 48 theme preliminary 683:693 arg1 approach 695:702 a preliminary approach 681:702 a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging 681:834 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 4 49 with 68Ga 879:882 arg1 purity 919:924 high and stable radiochemical purity 889:924 high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively) 889:953 RESULTS Kits were optimized for 188Re and 68Ga with high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively). 27741267 1 50 theme ready-to-use 294:305 arg1 kits 321:324 ready-to-use radiolabeling kits 294:324 ready-to-use radiolabeling kits 294:324 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 4 51 theme stable 898:903 arg1 purity 919:924 high and stable radiochemical purity 889:924 high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively) 889:953 RESULTS Kits were optimized for 188Re and 68Ga with high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively). 27741267 6 52 theme Radiation 1161:1169 arg1 Therapy 1171:1177 the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy 1138:1177 the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma 1138:1205 CONCLUSION SBMP are a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma. 27741267 5 53 theme in 960:961 arg1 successful 990:999 successful 990:999 successful 990:999 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 5 53 theme in 960:961 arg1 study 980:984 The in vivo preliminary study 956:984 The in vivo preliminary study 956:984 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 6 54 theme Hepatocellular 1182:1195 arg1 carcinoma 1197:1205 Hepatocellular carcinoma 1182:1205 Hepatocellular carcinoma 1182:1205 CONCLUSION SBMP are a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma. 27741267 3 55 theme rats 804:807 arg1 artery 781:786 the hepatic artery 769:786 the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging 769:834 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 6 56 theme Internal 1152:1159 arg1 Therapy 1171:1177 the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy 1138:1177 the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma 1138:1205 CONCLUSION SBMP are a promising theranostic agent for the Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatocellular carcinoma. 27741267 4 57 with 188Re 869:873 arg1 purity 919:924 high and stable radiochemical purity 889:924 high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively) 889:953 RESULTS Kits were optimized for 188Re and 68Ga with high and stable radiochemical purity (>95% and >98% respectively). 27741267 2 58 theme freeze-dried 491:502 arg1 kits 504:507 freeze-dried kits 491:507 freeze-dried kits 491:507 METHODS Optimal labeling conditions and composition of freeze-dried kits were defined by monitoring the radiochemical purity while varying several parameters. 27741267 3 59 theme in 654:655 arg1 biodistribution 662:676 an in vivo biodistribution 651:676 an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging 651:834 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 5 60 theme preliminary 968:978 arg1 successful 990:999 successful 990:999 successful 990:999 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 5 60 theme preliminary 968:978 arg1 study 980:984 The in vivo preliminary study 956:984 The in vivo preliminary study 956:984 The in vivo preliminary study was successful with more than 95% of activity found in the liver and mostly in the tumorous part. 27741267 1 61 theme Starch-Based 226:237 arg1 SBMP 255:258 SBMP 255:258 SBMP 255:258 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 1 61 theme Starch-Based 226:237 arg1 Microparticles 239:252 Starch-Based Microparticles 226:252 Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) 226:259 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 1 62 theme radiolabeling 307:319 arg1 kits 321:324 ready-to-use radiolabeling kits 294:324 ready-to-use radiolabeling kits 294:324 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 27741267 3 63 theme DENA-induced 791:802 arg1 rats 804:807 DENA-induced rats 791:807 DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging 791:834 In vitro stability studies were carried out, as well as an in vivo biodistribution as a preliminary approach with the intra-arterial injection of 68Ga radiolabeled SBMP into the hepatic artery of DENA-induced rats followed by PET/CT imaging. 27741267 1 64 theme Microparticles 239:252 arg1 radiolabeling 209:221 the radiolabeling 205:221 the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga 205:277 PURPOSE This work aims to develop, validate and optimize the radiolabeling of Starch-Based Microparticles (SBMP) by 188Re and 68Ga in the form of ready-to-use radiolabeling kits, the ultimate goal being to obtain a unique theranostic vector for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 26822139 6 0 theme crude 741:745 arg1 oil 747:749 crude oil 741:749 crude oil 741:749 Thiosulfate was used as an external electron acceptor during growth on crude oil. 26822139 2 1 theme black 337:341 arg1 chimney 350:356 a black smoker chimney 335:356 a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field 335:388 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 7 2 theme hydrocarbon 790:800 arg1 degradation 802:812 syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation 779:812 syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation 779:812 Strain L81T was capable of syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation when co-cultured with a methanogenic archaeon, designated strain LG6, isolated from the same enrichment. 26822139 10 3 theme unidentified 1444:1455 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 26822139 10 3 theme unidentified 1444:1455 arg1 phospholipids 1457:1469 three unidentified phospholipids 1438:1469 three unidentified phospholipids 1438:1469 The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 26822139 11 4 theme DNA 1570:1572 arg1 content 1551:1557 The G+C content 1543:1557 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1543:1572 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 31.7 mol%. 26822139 11 4 theme DNA 1570:1572 arg1 % 1603:1603 31.7 mol% 1595:1603 31.7 mol% 1595:1603 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 31.7 mol%. 26822139 4 5 theme pH 6.2-9.5 482:491 arg1 % 513:513 pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % 482:513 % 513:513 Growth was observed at pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl, with optima at pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl. 26822139 4 5 theme pH 6.2-9.5 482:491 arg1 w/w 516:518 w/w 516:518 w/w 516:518 Growth was observed at pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl, with optima at pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl. 26822139 8 6 theme sequence 1136:1143 arg1 pectinivora 1118:1128 Natranaerovirga pectinivora 1102:1128 Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) 1102:1155 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 8 6 theme sequence 1136:1143 arg1 similarity 1145:1154 92 % sequence similarity 1131:1154 92 % sequence similarity 1131:1154 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 8 7 theme Natranaerovirga 1102:1116 arg1 pectinivora 1118:1128 Natranaerovirga pectinivora 1102:1128 Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) 1102:1155 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 8 7 theme Natranaerovirga 1102:1116 arg1 similarity 1145:1154 92 % sequence similarity 1131:1154 92 % sequence similarity 1131:1154 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 8 8 theme hydrolytica 1177:1187 arg1 strains 1091:1097 the type strains 1082:1097 the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%) 1082:1193 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 10 9 theme unidentified 1477:1488 arg1 glycolipids 1490:1500 four unidentified glycolipids 1472:1500 four unidentified glycolipids 1472:1500 The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 26822139 10 9 theme unidentified 1477:1488 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 26822139 6 10 theme external 697:704 arg1 acceptor 715:722 an external electron acceptor 694:722 an external electron acceptor 694:722 Thiosulfate was used as an external electron acceptor during growth on crude oil. 26822139 6 10 theme external 697:704 arg1 Thiosulfate 670:680 Thiosulfate 670:680 Thiosulfate 670:680 Thiosulfate was used as an external electron acceptor during growth on crude oil. 26822139 7 11 theme Strain 752:757 arg1 L81T 759:762 Strain L81T 752:762 Strain L81T 752:762 Strain L81T was capable of syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation when co-cultured with a methanogenic archaeon, designated strain LG6, isolated from the same enrichment. 26822139 2 12 dep anaerobic 228:236 arg1 syntrophic 251:260 syntrophic 251:260 syntrophic 251:260 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 2 12 dep anaerobic 228:236 arg1 mesophilic 239:248 mesophilic 239:248 mesophilic 239:248 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 2 12 dep anaerobic 228:236 arg1 alkane-degrading 263:278 alkane-degrading 263:278 alkane-degrading 263:278 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 1 13 theme hydrolytica 204:214 arg1 bacterium 76:84 an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium 45:84 an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system 45:125 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 1 13 theme hydrolytica 204:214 arg1 descriptions 140:151 emended descriptions 132:151 emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica 132:214 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 1 13 theme hydrolytica 204:214 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 12 14 theme alkaniphila 1815:1825 arg1 sp 1838:1839 sp 1838:1839 sp 1838:1839 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 12 14 theme alkaniphila 1815:1825 arg1 nov. 1832:1835 the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 1794:1835 the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 1794:1835 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 2 15 attach isolated 298:305 arg2 strain 280:285 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain 217:285 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain 217:285 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 2 15 attach isolated 298:305 arg1 biofilm 314:320 a biofilm 312:320 a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field 312:388 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 2 15 attach isolated 298:305 arg2 L81T 288:291 L81T 288:291 L81T 288:291 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 10 16 theme unidentified 1510:1521 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 26822139 10 16 theme unidentified 1510:1521 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1523:1540 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1506:1540 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1506:1540 The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 26822139 15 17 theme hydrolytica 2012:2022 arg1 descriptions 1948:1959 emended descriptions 1940:1959 emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica 1940:2022 We also provide emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 1 18 dep alkane-degrading 48:63 arg1 anaerobic 66:74 anaerobic 66:74 anaerobic 66:74 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 1 19 theme hydrothermal 102:113 arg1 system 120:125 a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system 91:125 a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system 91:125 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 14 20 theme =DSM 1899:1902 arg1 L81T 1893:1896 L81T 1893:1896 L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T) 1893:1921 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila is L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T). 26822139 14 20 theme =DSM 1899:1902 arg1 30920T 1915:1920 =DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T 1899:1920 =DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T 1899:1920 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila is L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T). 26822139 5 21 theme organic 613:619 arg1 acids 621:625 organic acids 613:625 organic acids 613:625 Proteinaceous substrates, sugars, organic acids and hydrocarbons were utilized for growth. 26822139 9 22 theme Natranaerovirga 1353:1367 arg1 species 1332:1338 the species 1328:1338 the species of the genus Natranaerovirga 1328:1367 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 9 23 theme genus 1347:1351 arg1 Natranaerovirga 1353:1367 the genus Natranaerovirga 1343:1367 the genus Natranaerovirga 1343:1367 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 7 24 theme same 902:905 arg1 enrichment 907:916 the same enrichment 898:916 the same enrichment 898:916 Strain L81T was capable of syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation when co-cultured with a methanogenic archaeon, designated strain LG6, isolated from the same enrichment. 26822139 9 25 theme major 1200:1204 arg1 C15  1247:1250 C15  1247:1250 C15  1247:1250 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 9 25 theme major 1200:1204 arg1 acids 1221:1225 The major cellular fatty acids 1196:1225 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T 1196:1240 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 8 26 theme 16S 954:956 arg1 rRNA 958:961 the 16S rRNA 950:961 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 950:975 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 9 27 theme fatty 1215:1219 arg1 C15  1247:1250 C15  1247:1250 C15  1247:1250 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 9 27 theme fatty 1215:1219 arg1 acids 1221:1225 The major cellular fatty acids 1196:1225 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T 1196:1240 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 5 28 used utilized 649:656 arg2 substrates 593:602 Proteinaceous substrates 579:602 Proteinaceous substrates 579:602 Proteinaceous substrates, sugars, organic acids and hydrocarbons were utilized for growth. 26822139 5 28 used utilized 649:656 arg2 hydrocarbons 631:642 hydrocarbons 631:642 hydrocarbons 631:642 Proteinaceous substrates, sugars, organic acids and hydrocarbons were utilized for growth. 26822139 5 28 used utilized 649:656 arg2 acids 621:625 organic acids 613:625 organic acids 613:625 Proteinaceous substrates, sugars, organic acids and hydrocarbons were utilized for growth. 26822139 5 28 used utilized 649:656 arg2 sugars 605:610 sugars 605:610 sugars 605:610 Proteinaceous substrates, sugars, organic acids and hydrocarbons were utilized for growth. 26822139 14 29 theme alkaniphila 1878:1888 arg1 L81T 1893:1896 L81T 1893:1896 L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T) 1893:1921 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila is L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T). 26822139 14 29 theme alkaniphila 1878:1888 arg1 strain 1856:1861 The type strain 1847:1861 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila 1847:1888 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila is L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T). 26822139 12 30 theme Lachnospiraceae 1756:1770 arg1 genus 1736:1740 a new genus 1730:1740 a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae 1730:1770 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 7 31 theme strain 872:877 arg1 LG6 879:881 strain LG6 872:881 strain LG6 872:881 Strain L81T was capable of syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation when co-cultured with a methanogenic archaeon, designated strain LG6, isolated from the same enrichment. 26822139 2 32 theme Loki 365:368 arg1 field 384:388 the Loki's Castle vent field 361:388 the Loki's Castle vent field 361:388 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 0 33 theme Abyssivirga 0:10 arg1 nov. 29:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 0:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 0:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 9 34 theme L81T 1237:1240 arg1 C15  1247:1250 C15  1247:1250 C15  1247:1250 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 9 34 theme L81T 1237:1240 arg1 acids 1221:1225 The major cellular fatty acids 1196:1225 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T 1196:1240 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 8 35 theme strain 992:997 arg1 L81T 999:1002 strain L81T 992:1002 strain L81T 992:1002 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 14 36 theme type 1851:1854 arg1 L81T 1893:1896 L81T 1893:1896 L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T) 1893:1921 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila is L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T). 26822139 14 36 theme type 1851:1854 arg1 strain 1856:1861 The type strain 1847:1861 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila 1847:1888 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila is L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T). 26822139 0 37 theme gen. 24:27 arg1 nov. 29:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 0:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 0:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 12 38 theme genus 1736:1740 arg1 species 1719:1725 a novel species 1711:1725 a novel species 1711:1725 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 11 39 theme 31.7 mol 1595:1602 arg1 content 1551:1557 The G+C content 1543:1557 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1543:1572 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 31.7 mol%. 26822139 11 39 theme 31.7 mol 1595:1602 arg1 % 1603:1603 31.7 mol% 1595:1603 31.7 mol% 1595:1603 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 31.7 mol%. 26822139 7 40 attach isolated 884:891 arg2 archaeon 851:858 a methanogenic archaeon 836:858 a methanogenic archaeon 836:858 Strain L81T was capable of syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation when co-cultured with a methanogenic archaeon, designated strain LG6, isolated from the same enrichment. 26822139 7 40 attach isolated 884:891 arg1 enrichment 907:916 the same enrichment 898:916 the same enrichment 898:916 Strain L81T was capable of syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation when co-cultured with a methanogenic archaeon, designated strain LG6, isolated from the same enrichment. 26822139 14 41 theme 29592T=JCM 1904:1913 arg1 L81T 1893:1896 L81T 1893:1896 L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T) 1893:1921 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila is L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T). 26822139 14 41 theme 29592T=JCM 1904:1913 arg1 30920T 1915:1920 =DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T 1899:1920 =DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T 1899:1920 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila is L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T). 26822139 8 42 theme family 1027:1032 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 1034:1048 the family Lachnospiraceae 1023:1048 the family Lachnospiraceae 1023:1048 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 9 43 from those 1319:1323 arg1 distinct 1305:1312 distinct 1305:1312 distinct 1305:1312 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 9 43 from those 1319:1323 arg1 profile 1293:1299 the profile 1289:1299 the profile 1289:1299 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 4 44 theme % 513:513 arg1 NaCl 521:524 pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl 482:524 pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl 482:524 Growth was observed at pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl, with optima at pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl. 26822139 2 45 dep Loki 365:368 arg1 Castle 372:377 Castle 372:377 Castle 372:377 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 2 46 from field 384:388 arg1 chimney 350:356 a black smoker chimney 335:356 a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field 335:388 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 2 47 theme smoker 343:348 arg1 chimney 350:356 a black smoker chimney 335:356 a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field 335:388 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 12 48 theme chemotaxonomic 1648:1661 arg1 results 1663:1669 our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1615:1669 our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1615:1669 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 5 49 theme Proteinaceous 579:591 arg1 substrates 593:602 Proteinaceous substrates 579:602 Proteinaceous substrates 579:602 Proteinaceous substrates, sugars, organic acids and hydrocarbons were utilized for growth. 26822139 7 50 theme degradation 802:812 arg1 capable 768:774 capable 768:774 capable 768:774 Strain L81T was capable of syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation when co-cultured with a methanogenic archaeon, designated strain LG6, isolated from the same enrichment. 26822139 8 51 theme Phylogenetic 919:930 arg1 analysis 932:939 Phylogenetic analysis 919:939 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 919:975 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 6 52 used used 686:689 arg2 acceptor 715:722 an external electron acceptor 694:722 an external electron acceptor 694:722 Thiosulfate was used as an external electron acceptor during growth on crude oil. 26822139 6 52 used used 686:689 arg2 Thiosulfate 670:680 Thiosulfate 670:680 Thiosulfate 670:680 Thiosulfate was used as an external electron acceptor during growth on crude oil. 26822139 7 53 theme syntrophic 779:788 arg1 degradation 802:812 syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation 779:812 syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation 779:812 Strain L81T was capable of syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation when co-cultured with a methanogenic archaeon, designated strain LG6, isolated from the same enrichment. 26822139 8 54 theme type 1086:1089 arg1 strains 1091:1097 the type strains 1082:1097 the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%) 1082:1193 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 12 55 theme phenotypic 1619:1628 arg1 results 1663:1669 our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1615:1669 our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1615:1669 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 11 56 theme genomic 1562:1568 arg1 DNA 1570:1572 genomic DNA 1562:1572 genomic DNA 1562:1572 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 31.7 mol%. 26822139 6 57 theme electron 706:713 arg1 acceptor 715:722 an external electron acceptor 694:722 an external electron acceptor 694:722 Thiosulfate was used as an external electron acceptor during growth on crude oil. 26822139 6 57 theme electron 706:713 arg1 Thiosulfate 670:680 Thiosulfate 670:680 Thiosulfate 670:680 Thiosulfate was used as an external electron acceptor during growth on crude oil. 26822139 4 58 from NaCl 573:576 arg1 optima 532:537 optima 532:537 optima at pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl 532:576 Growth was observed at pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl, with optima at pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl. 26822139 1 59 theme pectinivora 172:182 arg1 bacterium 76:84 an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium 45:84 an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system 45:125 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 1 59 theme pectinivora 172:182 arg1 descriptions 140:151 emended descriptions 132:151 emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica 132:214 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 1 59 theme pectinivora 172:182 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 12 60 theme phylogenetic 1631:1642 arg1 results 1663:1669 our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1615:1669 our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1615:1669 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 8 61 theme Natranaerovirga 1161:1175 arg1 hydrolytica 1177:1187 Natranaerovirga hydrolytica 1161:1187 Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%) 1161:1193 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 8 61 theme Natranaerovirga 1161:1175 arg1 % 1192:1192 90% 1190:1192 90% 1190:1192 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 8 62 theme pectinivora 1118:1128 arg1 strains 1091:1097 the type strains 1082:1097 the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%) 1082:1193 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 12 63 theme novel 1713:1717 arg1 species 1719:1725 a novel species 1711:1725 a novel species 1711:1725 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 4 64 located observed 470:477 arg1 NaCl 521:524 pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl 482:524 pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl 482:524 Growth was observed at pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl, with optima at pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl. 26822139 4 64 located observed 470:477 arg2 Growth 459:464 Growth 459:464 Growth 459:464 Growth was observed at pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl, with optima at pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl. 26822139 4 65 theme % 565:565 arg1 NaCl 573:576 pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl 542:576 pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl 542:576 Growth was observed at pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl, with optima at pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl. 26822139 8 66 theme 92  1131:1133 arg1 % 1134:1134 % 1134:1134 % 1134:1134 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 2 67 theme anaerobic 228:236 arg1 L81T 288:291 L81T 288:291 L81T 288:291 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 2 67 theme anaerobic 228:236 arg1 strain 280:285 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain 217:285 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain 217:285 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 1 68 theme deep-sea 93:100 arg1 system 120:125 a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system 91:125 a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system 91:125 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 12 69 theme gen. 1827:1830 arg1 sp 1838:1839 sp 1838:1839 sp 1838:1839 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 12 69 theme gen. 1827:1830 arg1 nov. 1832:1835 the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 1794:1835 the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 1794:1835 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 1 70 theme vent 115:118 arg1 system 120:125 a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system 91:125 a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system 91:125 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 9 71 dep C15  1247:1250 arg1  0 1269:1270  0 1269:1270  0 1269:1270 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 8 72 theme rRNA 958:961 arg1 sequence 968:975 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 950:975 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 950:975 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 1 73 theme emended 132:138 arg1 descriptions 140:151 emended descriptions 132:151 emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica 132:214 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 8 74 theme gene 963:966 arg1 sequence 968:975 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 950:975 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 950:975 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 9 75 theme cellular 1206:1213 arg1 C15  1247:1250 C15  1247:1250 C15  1247:1250 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 9 75 theme cellular 1206:1213 arg1 acids 1221:1225 The major cellular fatty acids 1196:1225 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T 1196:1240 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 12 76 theme name 1798:1801 arg1 sp 1838:1839 sp 1838:1839 sp 1838:1839 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 12 76 theme name 1798:1801 arg1 nov. 1832:1835 the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 1794:1835 the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 1794:1835 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 1 77 theme alkane-degrading 48:63 arg1 bacterium 76:84 an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium 45:84 an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system 45:125 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 6 78 from growth 731:736 arg1 oil 747:749 crude oil 741:749 crude oil 741:749 Thiosulfate was used as an external electron acceptor during growth on crude oil. 26822139 8 79 theme % 1134:1134 arg1 pectinivora 1118:1128 Natranaerovirga pectinivora 1102:1128 Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) 1102:1155 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 8 79 theme % 1134:1134 arg1 similarity 1145:1154 92 % sequence similarity 1131:1154 92 % sequence similarity 1131:1154 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90%). 26822139 0 80 theme alkaniphila 12:22 arg1 nov. 29:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 0:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 0:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 9 81 theme strain 1230:1235 arg1 L81T 1237:1240 strain L81T 1230:1240 strain L81T 1230:1240 The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. 26822139 1 82 from system 120:125 arg1 bacterium 76:84 an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium 45:84 an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system 45:125 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 1 82 from system 120:125 arg1 descriptions 140:151 emended descriptions 132:151 emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica 132:214 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 1 82 from system 120:125 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 14 83 theme Abyssivirga 1866:1876 arg1 alkaniphila 1878:1888 Abyssivirga alkaniphila 1866:1888 Abyssivirga alkaniphila 1866:1888 The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila is L81T (=DSM 29592T=JCM 30920T). 26822139 12 84 theme family 1749:1754 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 1756:1770 the family Lachnospiraceae 1745:1770 the family Lachnospiraceae 1745:1770 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 15 85 theme pectinivora 1980:1990 arg1 descriptions 1948:1959 emended descriptions 1940:1959 emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica 1940:2022 We also provide emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 4 86 theme 0.5-6  507:512 arg1 % 513:513 pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % 482:513 % 513:513 Growth was observed at pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl, with optima at pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl. 26822139 4 86 theme 0.5-6  507:512 arg1 w/w 516:518 w/w 516:518 w/w 516:518 Growth was observed at pH 6.2-9.5, 14-42 °C and 0.5-6 % (w/w) NaCl, with optima at pH 7.0-8.2, 37 °C and 3% (w/w) NaCl. 26822139 12 87 theme Abyssivirga 1803:1813 arg1 sp 1838:1839 sp 1838:1839 sp 1838:1839 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 12 87 theme Abyssivirga 1803:1813 arg1 nov. 1832:1835 the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 1794:1835 the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 1794:1835 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 2 88 theme vent 379:382 arg1 field 384:388 the Loki's Castle vent field 361:388 the Loki's Castle vent field 361:388 A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. 26822139 0 89 dep sp 35:36 arg1 nov. 29:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 0:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov. 0:32 Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 10 90 theme polar 1374:1378 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 phosphatidylglycerol 1392:1411 The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 26822139 10 90 theme polar 1374:1378 arg1 lipids 1380:1385 The polar lipids 1370:1385 The polar lipids 1370:1385 The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 26822139 7 91 theme methanogenic 838:849 arg1 archaeon 851:858 a methanogenic archaeon 836:858 a methanogenic archaeon 836:858 Strain L81T was capable of syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation when co-cultured with a methanogenic archaeon, designated strain LG6, isolated from the same enrichment. 26822139 12 92 theme new 1732:1734 arg1 genus 1736:1740 a new genus 1730:1740 a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae 1730:1770 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 15 93 theme emended 1940:1946 arg1 descriptions 1948:1959 emended descriptions 1940:1959 emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica 1940:2022 We also provide emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica. 26822139 12 94 theme strain 1672:1677 arg1 L81T 1679:1682 strain L81T 1672:1682 strain L81T 1672:1682 Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. 26822139 11 95 theme G+C 1547:1549 arg1 content 1551:1557 The G+C content 1543:1557 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1543:1572 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 31.7 mol%. 26822139 11 95 theme G+C 1547:1549 arg1 % 1603:1603 31.7 mol% 1595:1603 31.7 mol% 1595:1603 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 31.7 mol%. 24433884 8 0 theme diffuse 1191:1197 arg1 spectroscopy 1211:1222 UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 1180:1222 UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 1180:1222 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 4 1 theme CAgMs 660:664 arg1 morphology 646:655 The morphology 642:655 The morphology of CAgMs 642:664 The morphology of CAgMs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis. 24433884 8 2 dep no 1287:1288 arg1 nm 1303:1304 nm 1303:1304 nm 1303:1304 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 3 3 theme uniform-sized 599:611 arg1 microspheres 613:624 uniform-sized microspheres 599:624 uniform-sized microspheres 599:624 The preparation conditions for obtaining uniform-sized microspheres were optimized. 24433884 1 4 theme whiteruss 306:314 arg1 phase 330:334 whiteruss as continuous phase 306:334 whiteruss as continuous phase 306:334 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs), which possess effective inhibitory on microorganisms, were prepared by an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. 24433884 8 5 theme UV-vis 1225:1230 arg1 DRS 1232:1234 UV-vis DRS 1225:1234 UV-vis DRS 1225:1234 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 8 5 theme UV-vis 1225:1230 arg1 patterns 1167:1174 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns 1143:1174 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns 1143:1174 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 4 6 theme particle 732:739 arg1 analysis 746:753 laser particle size analysis 726:753 laser particle size analysis 726:753 The morphology of CAgMs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis. 24433884 10 7 theme starting 1483:1490 arg1 temperature 1506:1516 the starting decomposition temperature 1479:1516 the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) 1479:1537 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 10 7 theme starting 1483:1490 arg1 higher 1548:1553 higher 1548:1553 higher 1548:1553 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 12 8 theme larger 2005:2010 arg1 size 2012:2015 the larger size 2001:2015 the larger size 2001:2015 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 1 9 theme inverse-emulsification 226:247 arg1 method 263:268 an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method 223:268 an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent 223:376 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs), which possess effective inhibitory on microorganisms, were prepared by an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. 24433884 12 10 theme antibacterial 1964:1976 arg1 activity 1978:1985 much better antibacterial activity 1952:1985 much better antibacterial activity 1952:1985 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 5 11 theme smooth 781:786 arg1 surface 788:794 smooth surface 781:794 smooth surface 781:794 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm exhibited a narrow particle size distribution. 24433884 8 12 theme face-centered 1311:1323 arg1 crystallites 1331:1342 face-centered cubic crystallites 1311:1342 face-centered cubic crystallites 1311:1342 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 10 13 theme as-prepared 1604:1614 arg1 CAgMs 1616:1620 the as-prepared CAgMs 1600:1620 the as-prepared CAgMs 1600:1620 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 2 14 theme CS/Ag 543:547 arg1 colloid 549:555 CS/Ag colloid 543:555 CS/Ag colloid 543:555 The size and shape of CAgMs, greatly affecting their antibacterial activities, were controlled by varying the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid. 24433884 0 15 theme antibacterial 84:96 arg1 activities 98:107 antibacterial activities 84:107 antibacterial activities 84:107 Preparation and characterization of uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres with antibacterial activities. 24433884 7 16 theme infrared 1033:1040 arg1 FTIR 1056:1059 FTIR 1056:1059 FTIR 1056:1059 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 7 16 theme infrared 1033:1040 arg1 spectroscopy 1042:1053 infrared spectroscopy 1033:1053 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres 1033:1080 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 2 17 theme emulsifier 528:537 arg1 concentrations 489:502 the concentrations 485:502 the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid 485:555 The size and shape of CAgMs, greatly affecting their antibacterial activities, were controlled by varying the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid. 24433884 12 18 theme smaller 1935:1941 arg1 size 1943:1946 smaller size 1935:1946 smaller size 1935:1946 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 12 19 from microspheres 1919:1930 arg1 size 1943:1946 smaller size 1935:1946 smaller size 1935:1946 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 10 20 dep CAgMs 1521:1525 arg1 260°C 1532:1536 ca. 260°C 1528:1536 ca. 260°C 1528:1536 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 5 21 from CAgMs 770:774 arg1 size 808:811 the mean size 799:811 the mean size of ca. 5 μm 799:823 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm exhibited a narrow particle size distribution. 24433884 10 22 theme original 1662:1669 arg1 CS 1671:1672 original CS 1662:1672 original CS 1662:1672 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 5 23 theme mean 803:806 arg1 size 808:811 the mean size 799:811 the mean size of ca. 5 μm 799:823 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm exhibited a narrow particle size distribution. 24433884 9 24 theme photoelectron 1351:1363 arg1 XPS 1379:1381 XPS 1379:1381 XPS 1379:1381 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved that AgO bond existed in the microspheres. 24433884 9 24 theme photoelectron 1351:1363 arg1 spectroscopy 1365:1376 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 1345:1376 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 1345:1382 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved that AgO bond existed in the microspheres. 24433884 0 25 theme chitosan/silver 50:64 arg1 microspheres 66:77 uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres 36:77 uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres 36:77 Preparation and characterization of uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres with antibacterial activities. 24433884 10 26 theme decomposition 1492:1504 arg1 temperature 1506:1516 the starting decomposition temperature 1479:1516 the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) 1479:1537 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 10 26 theme decomposition 1492:1504 arg1 higher 1548:1553 higher 1548:1553 higher 1548:1553 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 5 27 theme size 853:856 arg1 distribution 858:869 a narrow particle size distribution 835:869 a narrow particle size distribution 835:869 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm exhibited a narrow particle size distribution. 24433884 1 28 theme as 316:317 arg1 phase 330:334 whiteruss as continuous phase 306:334 whiteruss as continuous phase 306:334 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs), which possess effective inhibitory on microorganisms, were prepared by an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. 24433884 7 29 theme electron 984:991 arg1 TEM 1006:1008 TEM 1006:1008 TEM 1006:1008 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 7 29 theme electron 984:991 arg1 micrographs 993:1003 Transmission electron micrographs 971:1003 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) 971:1009 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 12 30 contain had 1948:1950 arg1 microspheres 1919:1930 the microspheres 1915:1930 the microspheres in smaller size 1915:1946 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 12 30 contain had 1948:1950 arg2 activity 1978:1985 much better antibacterial activity 1952:1985 much better antibacterial activity 1952:1985 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 12 31 theme AgNPs 1890:1894 arg1 concentration 1869:1881 the concentration 1865:1881 the concentration of the AgNPs 1865:1894 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 2 32 theme agent 521:525 arg1 concentrations 489:502 the concentrations 485:502 the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid 485:555 The size and shape of CAgMs, greatly affecting their antibacterial activities, were controlled by varying the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid. 24433884 0 33 theme uniform-sized 36:48 arg1 microspheres 66:77 uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres 36:77 uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres 36:77 Preparation and characterization of uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres with antibacterial activities. 24433884 12 34 theme antibacterial 1839:1851 arg1 activity 1853:1860 a stronger antibacterial activity 1828:1860 a stronger antibacterial activity 1828:1860 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 5 35 with CAgMs 770:774 arg1 surface 788:794 smooth surface 781:794 smooth surface 781:794 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm exhibited a narrow particle size distribution. 24433884 0 36 with characterization 16:31 arg1 activities 98:107 antibacterial activities 84:107 antibacterial activities 84:107 Preparation and characterization of uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres with antibacterial activities. 24433884 5 37 theme narrow 837:842 arg1 distribution 858:869 a narrow particle size distribution 835:869 a narrow particle size distribution 835:869 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm exhibited a narrow particle size distribution. 24433884 8 38 theme diffraction 1149:1159 arg1 patterns 1167:1174 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns 1143:1174 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns 1143:1174 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 8 38 theme diffraction 1149:1159 arg1 DRS 1232:1234 UV-vis DRS 1225:1234 UV-vis DRS 1225:1234 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 0 39 with Preparation 0:10 arg1 activities 98:107 antibacterial activities 84:107 antibacterial activities 84:107 Preparation and characterization of uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres with antibacterial activities. 24433884 7 40 theme Transmission 971:982 arg1 TEM 1006:1008 TEM 1006:1008 TEM 1006:1008 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 7 40 theme Transmission 971:982 arg1 micrographs 993:1003 Transmission electron micrographs 971:1003 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) 971:1009 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 8 41 theme XRD 1162:1164 arg1 patterns 1167:1174 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns 1143:1174 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns 1143:1174 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 8 41 theme XRD 1162:1164 arg1 DRS 1232:1234 UV-vis DRS 1225:1234 UV-vis DRS 1225:1234 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 6 42 theme Dispersive 879:888 arg1 EDX 910:912 EDX 910:912 EDX 910:912 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the elemental composition of the microspheres. 24433884 6 42 theme Dispersive 879:888 arg1 spectroscopy 896:907 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 872:907 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 872:913 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the elemental composition of the microspheres. 24433884 11 43 theme Gram 1729:1732 arg1 bacteria 1734:1741 typical Gram bacteria 1721:1741 typical Gram bacteria 1721:1741 Antimicrobial assays were performed using typical Gram bacteria and fungi. 24433884 2 44 theme CAgMs 401:405 arg1 shape 392:396 shape 392:396 shape 392:396 The size and shape of CAgMs, greatly affecting their antibacterial activities, were controlled by varying the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid. 24433884 2 44 theme CAgMs 401:405 arg1 size 383:386 size 383:386 size 383:386 The size and shape of CAgMs, greatly affecting their antibacterial activities, were controlled by varying the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid. 24433884 13 45 theme antimicrobial 2022:2034 arg1 mechanism 2036:2044 The antimicrobial mechanism 2018:2044 The antimicrobial mechanism of CAgMs 2018:2053 The antimicrobial mechanism of CAgMs was discussed. 24433884 1 46 theme dispersed 289:297 arg1 phase 299:303 dispersed phase 289:303 dispersed phase 289:303 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs), which possess effective inhibitory on microorganisms, were prepared by an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. 24433884 8 47 theme UV-Visible 1180:1189 arg1 spectroscopy 1211:1222 UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 1180:1222 UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 1180:1222 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 6 48 theme microspheres 957:968 arg1 composition 938:948 the elemental composition 924:948 the elemental composition of the microspheres 924:968 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the elemental composition of the microspheres. 24433884 8 49 theme reflectance 1199:1209 arg1 spectroscopy 1211:1222 UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 1180:1222 UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 1180:1222 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 11 50 theme Antimicrobial 1679:1691 arg1 assays 1693:1698 Antimicrobial assays 1679:1698 Antimicrobial assays 1679:1698 Antimicrobial assays were performed using typical Gram bacteria and fungi. 24433884 0 51 theme microspheres 66:77 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres with antibacterial activities. 24433884 0 51 theme microspheres 66:77 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres with antibacterial activities. 24433884 6 52 theme elemental 928:936 arg1 composition 938:948 the elemental composition 924:948 the elemental composition of the microspheres 924:968 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the elemental composition of the microspheres. 24433884 12 53 theme inhibitory 1758:1767 arg1 effect 1769:1774 The inhibitory effect 1754:1774 The inhibitory effect 1754:1774 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 4 54 theme laser 726:730 arg1 analysis 746:753 laser particle size analysis 726:753 laser particle size analysis 726:753 The morphology of CAgMs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis. 24433884 5 55 theme spherical 760:768 arg1 CAgMs 770:774 The spherical CAgMs 756:774 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm 756:823 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm exhibited a narrow particle size distribution. 24433884 10 56 theme Thermogravimetric 1434:1450 arg1 analysis 1452:1459 Thermogravimetric analysis 1434:1459 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 1434:1465 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 10 56 theme Thermogravimetric 1434:1450 arg1 TGA 1462:1464 TGA 1462:1464 TGA 1462:1464 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 5 57 dep 5 820:820 arg1 ca. 816:818 ca. 816:818 ca. 816:818 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm exhibited a narrow particle size distribution. 24433884 4 58 theme electron 696:703 arg1 SEM 717:719 SEM 717:719 SEM 717:719 The morphology of CAgMs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis. 24433884 4 58 theme electron 696:703 arg1 microscopy 705:714 scanning electron microscopy 687:714 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 687:720 The morphology of CAgMs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis. 24433884 10 59 theme better 1632:1637 arg1 stability 1647:1655 better thermal stability 1632:1655 better thermal stability 1632:1655 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 7 60 theme silver 1109:1114 arg1 nanoparticles 1116:1128 silver nanoparticles 1109:1128 silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 1109:1136 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 7 60 theme silver 1109:1114 arg1 AgNPs 1131:1135 AgNPs 1131:1135 AgNPs 1131:1135 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 8 61 theme diameter 1278:1285 arg1 no 1287:1288 the diameter no 1274:1288 the diameter no more than 20 nm 1274:1304 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 1 62 theme cross-linking 249:261 arg1 method 263:268 an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method 223:268 an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent 223:376 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs), which possess effective inhibitory on microorganisms, were prepared by an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. 24433884 8 63 theme sample 1244:1249 arg1 spectroscopy 1211:1222 UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 1180:1222 UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 1180:1222 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 8 63 theme sample 1244:1249 arg1 patterns 1167:1174 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns 1143:1174 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns 1143:1174 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 8 63 theme sample 1244:1249 arg1 DRS 1232:1234 UV-vis DRS 1225:1234 UV-vis DRS 1225:1234 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 7 64 theme microspheres 1069:1080 arg1 FTIR 1056:1059 FTIR 1056:1059 FTIR 1056:1059 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 7 64 theme microspheres 1069:1080 arg1 spectroscopy 1042:1053 infrared spectroscopy 1033:1053 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres 1033:1080 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 10 65 dep CS 1568:1569 arg1 160°C 1576:1580 ca. 160°C 1572:1580 ca. 160°C 1572:1580 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 8 66 with AgNPs 1263:1267 arg1 no 1287:1288 the diameter no 1274:1288 the diameter no more than 20 nm 1274:1304 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 8 67 theme cubic 1325:1329 arg1 crystallites 1331:1342 face-centered cubic crystallites 1311:1342 face-centered cubic crystallites 1311:1342 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 7 68 dep Fourier 1015:1021 arg1 transform 1023:1031 transform 1023:1031 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres 1023:1080 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 4 69 theme size 741:744 arg1 analysis 746:753 laser particle size analysis 726:753 laser particle size analysis 726:753 The morphology of CAgMs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis. 24433884 8 70 dep nm 1303:1304 arg1 20 1300:1301 20 1300:1301 20 1300:1301 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 12 71 theme better 1957:1962 arg1 activity 1978:1985 much better antibacterial activity 1952:1985 much better antibacterial activity 1952:1985 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 9 72 theme X-ray 1345:1349 arg1 XPS 1379:1381 XPS 1379:1381 XPS 1379:1381 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved that AgO bond existed in the microspheres. 24433884 9 72 theme X-ray 1345:1349 arg1 spectroscopy 1365:1376 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 1345:1376 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 1345:1382 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved that AgO bond existed in the microspheres. 24433884 2 73 theme colloid 549:555 arg1 concentrations 489:502 the concentrations 485:502 the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid 485:555 The size and shape of CAgMs, greatly affecting their antibacterial activities, were controlled by varying the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid. 24433884 5 74 theme particle 844:851 arg1 distribution 858:869 a narrow particle size distribution 835:869 a narrow particle size distribution 835:869 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm exhibited a narrow particle size distribution. 24433884 1 75 theme chitosan/silver 114:128 arg1 microspheres 130:141 The chitosan/silver microspheres 110:141 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs) 110:149 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs), which possess effective inhibitory on microorganisms, were prepared by an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. 24433884 1 75 theme chitosan/silver 114:128 arg1 CAgMs 144:148 CAgMs 144:148 CAgMs 144:148 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs), which possess effective inhibitory on microorganisms, were prepared by an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. 24433884 8 76 dep patterns 1167:1174 arg1 The 1139:1141 The 1139:1141 The 1139:1141 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 10 77 theme thermal 1639:1645 arg1 stability 1647:1655 better thermal stability 1632:1655 better thermal stability 1632:1655 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 1 78 theme continuous 319:328 arg1 phase 330:334 whiteruss as continuous phase 306:334 whiteruss as continuous phase 306:334 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs), which possess effective inhibitory on microorganisms, were prepared by an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. 24433884 5 79 theme μm 822:823 arg1 size 808:811 the mean size 799:811 the mean size of ca. 5 μm 799:823 The spherical CAgMs with smooth surface in the mean size of ca. 5 μm exhibited a narrow particle size distribution. 24433884 8 80 theme X-ray 1143:1147 arg1 patterns 1167:1174 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns 1143:1174 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns 1143:1174 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 8 80 theme X-ray 1143:1147 arg1 DRS 1232:1234 UV-vis DRS 1225:1234 UV-vis DRS 1225:1234 The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) of the sample showed that AgNPs with the diameter no more than 20 nm were face-centered cubic crystallites. 24433884 2 81 theme cross-linking 507:519 arg1 agent 521:525 cross-linking agent 507:525 cross-linking agent 507:525 The size and shape of CAgMs, greatly affecting their antibacterial activities, were controlled by varying the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid. 24433884 10 82 theme CAgMs 1521:1525 arg1 temperature 1506:1516 the starting decomposition temperature 1479:1516 the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) 1479:1537 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 10 82 theme CAgMs 1521:1525 arg1 higher 1548:1553 higher 1548:1553 higher 1548:1553 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 2 83 theme antibacterial 432:444 arg1 activities 446:455 their antibacterial activities 426:455 their antibacterial activities 426:455 The size and shape of CAgMs, greatly affecting their antibacterial activities, were controlled by varying the concentrations of cross-linking agent, emulsifier and CS/Ag colloid. 24433884 12 84 theme stronger 1830:1837 arg1 activity 1853:1860 a stronger antibacterial activity 1828:1860 a stronger antibacterial activity 1828:1860 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 7 85 theme nanoparticles 1116:1128 arg1 formation 1096:1104 the formation 1092:1104 the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 1092:1136 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microspheres confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 24433884 13 86 theme CAgMs 2049:2053 arg1 mechanism 2036:2044 The antimicrobial mechanism 2018:2044 The antimicrobial mechanism of CAgMs 2018:2053 The antimicrobial mechanism of CAgMs was discussed. 24433884 1 87 theme crosslinking 359:370 arg1 agent 372:376 crosslinking agent 359:376 crosslinking agent 359:376 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs), which possess effective inhibitory on microorganisms, were prepared by an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. 24433884 6 88 theme X-ray 890:894 arg1 EDX 910:912 EDX 910:912 EDX 910:912 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the elemental composition of the microspheres. 24433884 6 88 theme X-ray 890:894 arg1 spectroscopy 896:907 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 872:907 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 872:913 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the elemental composition of the microspheres. 24433884 11 89 theme typical 1721:1727 arg1 bacteria 1734:1741 typical Gram bacteria 1721:1741 typical Gram bacteria 1721:1741 Antimicrobial assays were performed using typical Gram bacteria and fungi. 24433884 1 90 theme CS/Ag 276:280 arg1 sol 282:284 CS/Ag sol 276:284 CS/Ag sol 276:284 The chitosan/silver microspheres (CAgMs), which possess effective inhibitory on microorganisms, were prepared by an inverse-emulsification cross-linking method using CS/Ag sol as dispersed phase, whiteruss as continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. 24433884 6 91 theme Energy 872:877 arg1 EDX 910:912 EDX 910:912 EDX 910:912 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the elemental composition of the microspheres. 24433884 6 91 theme Energy 872:877 arg1 spectroscopy 896:907 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 872:907 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) 872:913 Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the elemental composition of the microspheres. 24433884 10 92 contain possessed 1622:1630 arg1 CAgMs 1616:1620 the as-prepared CAgMs 1600:1620 the as-prepared CAgMs 1600:1620 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 10 92 contain possessed 1622:1630 arg2 stability 1647:1655 better thermal stability 1632:1655 better thermal stability 1632:1655 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the starting decomposition temperature of CAgMs (ca. 260°C) was much higher than that of CS (ca. 160°C), suggesting that the as-prepared CAgMs possessed better thermal stability than original CS did. 24433884 12 93 theme as-prepared 1795:1805 arg1 microspheres 1807:1818 the as-prepared microspheres 1791:1818 the as-prepared microspheres 1791:1818 The inhibitory effect indicated that the as-prepared microspheres exerted a stronger antibacterial activity as the concentration of the AgNPs is increasing, and the microspheres in smaller size had much better antibacterial activity than those in the larger size. 24433884 4 94 theme scanning 687:694 arg1 SEM 717:719 SEM 717:719 SEM 717:719 The morphology of CAgMs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis. 24433884 4 94 theme scanning 687:694 arg1 microscopy 705:714 scanning electron microscopy 687:714 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 687:720 The morphology of CAgMs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis. 24433884 3 95 theme preparation 562:572 arg1 conditions 574:583 The preparation conditions 558:583 The preparation conditions for obtaining uniform-sized microspheres 558:624 The preparation conditions for obtaining uniform-sized microspheres were optimized. 25281726 3 0 theme genus 282:286 arg1 Gryllotalpicola 288:302 the genus Gryllotalpicola 278:302 the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae 278:334 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 11 1 theme G+C 1109:1111 arg1 content 1113:1119 a G+C content 1107:1119 a G+C content of 67.4 mol% 1107:1132 DNA of the type strain had a G+C content of 67.4 mol%. 25281726 11 2 contain had 1103:1105 arg1 DNA 1080:1082 DNA 1080:1082 DNA of the type strain 1080:1101 DNA of the type strain had a G+C content of 67.4 mol%. 25281726 11 2 contain had 1103:1105 arg2 content 1113:1119 a G+C content 1107:1119 a G+C content of 67.4 mol% 1107:1132 DNA of the type strain had a G+C content of 67.4 mol%. 25281726 14 3 theme  = NBRC 1399:1405 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 14 3 theme  = NBRC 1399:1405 arg1 109838 1407:1412  = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838 1380:1412  = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T) 1380:1415 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 3 4 theme Gryllotalpicola 288:302 arg1 member 268:273 a member 266:273 a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae 266:334 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 12 5 theme Gryllotalpicola 1260:1274 arg1 species 1239:1245 a novel species 1231:1245 a novel species 1231:1245 On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gryllotalpicola, for which the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 3 6 theme 16S 205:207 arg1 sequences 219:227 16S rRNA gene sequences 205:227 16S rRNA gene sequences 205:227 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 7 7 theme acyl 783:786 arg1 acetyl 797:802 acetyl 797:802 acetyl 797:802 The acyl type was acetyl. 25281726 7 7 theme acyl 783:786 arg1 type 788:791 The acyl type 779:791 The acyl type 779:791 The acyl type was acetyl. 25281726 5 8 theme TS-56 596:600 arg1 Growth 586:591 Growth 586:591 Growth of TS-56(T) 586:603 Growth of TS-56(T) occurred at 20-35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.0). 25281726 14 9 theme type 1355:1358 arg1 TS-56 1370:1374 TS-56 1370:1374 TS-56 1370:1374 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 14 9 theme type 1355:1358 arg1 strain 1360:1365 The type strain 1351:1365 The type strain 1351:1365 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 14 10 theme T 1397:1397 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 14 10 theme T 1397:1397 arg1 109838 1407:1412  = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838 1380:1412  = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T) 1380:1415 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 4 11 from µm 547:548 arg1 diameter 553:560 diameter 553:560 diameter 553:560 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 4 12 dep cells 532:536 arg1 µm 547:548 0.4-0.6 µm 539:548 0.4-0.6 µm in diameter 539:560 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 4 12 dep cells 532:536 arg1 µm 571:572 0.6-1.0 µm 563:572 0.6-1.0 µm in length 563:582 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 8 13 theme cellular 823:830 arg1 acid 838:841 The most abundant cellular fatty acid 805:841 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) 805:853 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) was cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 (88.79 %). 25281726 8 13 theme cellular 823:830 arg1  0 875:876  0 875:876  0 875:876 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) was cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 (88.79 %). 25281726 1 14 theme termite 59:65 arg1 gut 67:69 a termite gut 57:69 a termite gut 57:69 nov., isolated from a termite gut. 25281726 3 15 theme family 311:316 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 318:334 the family Microbacteriaceae 307:334 the family Microbacteriaceae 307:334 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 8 16 theme fatty 832:836 arg1 acid 838:841 The most abundant cellular fatty acid 805:841 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) 805:853 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) was cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 (88.79 %). 25281726 8 16 theme fatty 832:836 arg1  0 875:876  0 875:876  0 875:876 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) was cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 (88.79 %). 25281726 11 17 theme mol 1129:1131 arg1 % 1132:1132 67.4 mol% 1124:1132 67.4 mol% 1124:1132 DNA of the type strain had a G+C content of 67.4 mol%. 25281726 8 18 theme abundant 814:821 arg1 acid 838:841 The most abundant cellular fatty acid 805:841 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) 805:853 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) was cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 (88.79 %). 25281726 8 18 theme abundant 814:821 arg1  0 875:876  0 875:876  0 875:876 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) was cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 (88.79 %). 25281726 5 19 dep optimum 662:668 arg1 pH 671:672 pH 5.0 671:676 pH 5.0 671:676 Growth of TS-56(T) occurred at 20-35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.0). 25281726 3 20 theme 96.6  407:411 arg1 % 412:412 % 412:412 % 412:412 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 3 21 theme Microbacteriaceae 318:334 arg1 Gryllotalpicola 288:302 the genus Gryllotalpicola 278:302 the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae 278:334 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 6 22 theme glutamic 731:738 arg1 acid 740:743 glutamic acid 731:743 glutamic acid 731:743 The peptidoglycan of TS-56(T) contained ornithine, glutamic acid, alanine, homoserine and glycine. 25281726 11 23 theme % 1132:1132 arg1 content 1113:1119 a G+C content 1107:1119 a G+C content of 67.4 mol% 1107:1132 DNA of the type strain had a G+C content of 67.4 mol%. 25281726 0 24 theme Gryllotalpicola 0:14 arg1 sp 33:34 Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp 0:34 Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 0:35 Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 0 25 theme reticulitermitis 16:31 arg1 sp 33:34 Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp 0:34 Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 0:35 Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 12 26 theme novel 1233:1237 arg1 species 1239:1245 a novel species 1231:1245 a novel species 1231:1245 On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gryllotalpicola, for which the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 3 27 theme rRNA 209:212 arg1 sequences 219:227 16S rRNA gene sequences 205:227 16S rRNA gene sequences 205:227 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 3 28 theme Phylogenetic 174:185 arg1 analyses 187:194 Phylogenetic analyses 174:194 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 174:227 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 12 29 theme phenotypic 1183:1192 arg1 distinctiveness 1194:1208 phenotypic distinctiveness 1183:1208 phenotypic distinctiveness 1183:1208 On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gryllotalpicola, for which the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 3 30 theme other 367:371 arg1 species 373:379 other species 367:379 other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 % 367:422 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 4 31 theme short 515:519 arg1 cells 532:536 irregular short rod-shaped cells 505:536 irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length) 505:583 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 3 32 theme gene 214:217 arg1 sequences 219:227 16S rRNA gene sequences 205:227 16S rRNA gene sequences 205:227 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 8 33 theme TS-56 846:850 arg1 acid 838:841 The most abundant cellular fatty acid 805:841 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) 805:853 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) was cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 (88.79 %). 25281726 8 33 theme TS-56 846:850 arg1  0 875:876  0 875:876  0 875:876 The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56(T) was cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 (88.79 %). 25281726 4 34 dep Gram-stain-positive 441:459 arg1 non-motile 462:471 non-motile 462:471 non-motile 462:471 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 4 34 dep Gram-stain-positive 441:459 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 441:459 Gram-stain-positive 441:459 Gram-stain-positive 441:459 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 4 34 dep Gram-stain-positive 441:459 arg1 isolate 429:435 The isolate 425:435 The isolate 425:435 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 3 35 theme sequence 342:349 arg1 similarities 351:362 sequence similarities 342:362 sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 % 342:422 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 4 36 theme irregular 505:513 arg1 cells 532:536 irregular short rod-shaped cells 505:536 irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length) 505:583 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 12 37 theme phylogenetic 1155:1166 arg1 properties 1168:1177 the phylogenetic properties 1151:1177 the phylogenetic properties 1151:1177 On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gryllotalpicola, for which the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 9 38 theme respiratory 893:903 arg1 MK-11 921:925 MK-11 921:925 MK-11 921:925 The respiratory menaquinone was MK-11. 25281726 9 38 theme respiratory 893:903 arg1 menaquinone 905:915 The respiratory menaquinone 889:915 The respiratory menaquinone 889:915 The respiratory menaquinone was MK-11. 25281726 12 39 dep properties 1168:1177 arg1 the 1138:1140 the 1138:1140 the 1138:1140 On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gryllotalpicola, for which the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 12 39 dep properties 1168:1177 arg1 basis 1142:1146 basis 1142:1146 basis 1142:1146 On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gryllotalpicola, for which the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 12 40 theme Gryllotalpicola 1296:1310 arg1 sp 1329:1330 the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp 1287:1330 the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp 1287:1330 On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gryllotalpicola, for which the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 4 41 with Gram-stain-positive 441:459 arg1 colonies 492:499 light yellow colonies 479:499 light yellow colonies 479:499 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 4 41 with Gram-stain-positive 441:459 arg1 cells 532:536 irregular short rod-shaped cells 505:536 irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length) 505:583 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 4 42 theme rod-shaped 521:530 arg1 cells 532:536 irregular short rod-shaped cells 505:536 irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length) 505:583 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 12 43 theme name 1291:1294 arg1 sp 1329:1330 the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp 1287:1330 the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp 1287:1330 On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gryllotalpicola, for which the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 3 44 theme genus 388:392 arg1 species 373:379 other species 367:379 other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 % 367:422 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 4 45 theme yellow 485:490 arg1 colonies 492:499 light yellow colonies 479:499 light yellow colonies 479:499 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 14 46 theme 1.10363 1389:1395 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 14 46 theme 1.10363 1389:1395 arg1 109838 1407:1412  = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838 1380:1412  = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T) 1380:1415 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 3 47 theme 97.8  417:421 arg1 % 412:412 % 412:412 % 412:412 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 4 48 theme light 479:483 arg1 colonies 492:499 light yellow colonies 479:499 light yellow colonies 479:499 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 11 49 theme type 1091:1094 arg1 strain 1096:1101 the type strain 1087:1101 the type strain 1087:1101 DNA of the type strain had a G+C content of 67.4 mol%. 25281726 12 50 theme reticulitermitis 1312:1327 arg1 sp 1329:1330 the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp 1287:1330 the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp 1287:1330 On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gryllotalpicola, for which the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 14 51 theme  = CGMCC 1380:1387 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 14 51 theme  = CGMCC 1380:1387 arg1 109838 1407:1412  = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838 1380:1412  = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T) 1380:1415 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 12 52 theme genus 1254:1258 arg1 Gryllotalpicola 1260:1274 the genus Gryllotalpicola 1250:1274 the genus Gryllotalpicola 1250:1274 On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gryllotalpicola, for which the name Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp. 25281726 11 53 theme strain 1096:1101 arg1 DNA 1080:1082 DNA 1080:1082 DNA of the type strain 1080:1101 DNA of the type strain had a G+C content of 67.4 mol%. 25281726 3 54 dep % 412:412 arg1 to 414:415 to 414:415 to 414:415 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus Gryllotalpicola of the family Microbacteriaceae, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. 25281726 2 55 theme Strain 72:77 arg1 TS-56 79:83 Strain TS-56 72:83 Strain TS-56(T) 72:86 Strain TS-56(T) was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder. 25281726 2 55 theme Strain 72:77 arg1 T 85:85 T 85:85 T 85:85 Strain TS-56(T) was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder. 25281726 6 56 theme TS-56 701:705 arg1 peptidoglycan 684:696 The peptidoglycan 680:696 The peptidoglycan of TS-56(T) 680:708 The peptidoglycan of TS-56(T) contained ornithine, glutamic acid, alanine, homoserine and glycine. 25281726 10 57 theme polar 932:936 arg1 profile 944:950 The polar lipid profile 928:950 The polar lipid profile 928:950 The polar lipid profile contained disphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown glycolipids. 25281726 6 58 contain contained 710:718 arg1 peptidoglycan 684:696 The peptidoglycan 680:696 The peptidoglycan of TS-56(T) 680:708 The peptidoglycan of TS-56(T) contained ornithine, glutamic acid, alanine, homoserine and glycine. 25281726 6 58 contain contained 710:718 arg2 acid 740:743 glutamic acid 731:743 glutamic acid 731:743 The peptidoglycan of TS-56(T) contained ornithine, glutamic acid, alanine, homoserine and glycine. 25281726 6 58 contain contained 710:718 arg2 ornithine 720:728 ornithine 720:728 ornithine 720:728 The peptidoglycan of TS-56(T) contained ornithine, glutamic acid, alanine, homoserine and glycine. 25281726 6 58 contain contained 710:718 arg2 glycine 770:776 glycine 770:776 glycine 770:776 The peptidoglycan of TS-56(T) contained ornithine, glutamic acid, alanine, homoserine and glycine. 25281726 6 58 contain contained 710:718 arg2 alanine 746:752 alanine 746:752 alanine 746:752 The peptidoglycan of TS-56(T) contained ornithine, glutamic acid, alanine, homoserine and glycine. 25281726 6 58 contain contained 710:718 arg2 homoserine 755:764 homoserine 755:764 homoserine 755:764 The peptidoglycan of TS-56(T) contained ornithine, glutamic acid, alanine, homoserine and glycine. 25281726 2 59 dep Snyder 166:171 arg1 Reticulitermes 141:154 Reticulitermes 141:154 Reticulitermes 141:154 Strain TS-56(T) was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder. 25281726 2 60 theme Snyder 166:171 arg1 gut 110:112 the gut 106:112 the gut of a wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder 106:171 Strain TS-56(T) was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder. 25281726 14 61 dep TS-56 1370:1374 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 14 61 dep TS-56 1370:1374 arg1 109838 1407:1412  = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838 1380:1412  = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T) 1380:1415 The type strain is TS-56(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10363(T) = NBRC 109838(T)). 25281726 10 62 theme lipid 938:942 arg1 profile 944:950 The polar lipid profile 928:950 The polar lipid profile 928:950 The polar lipid profile contained disphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown glycolipids. 25281726 4 63 from µm 571:572 arg1 length 577:582 length 577:582 length 577:582 The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6-1.0 µm in length). 25281726 2 64 attach isolated 92:99 arg2 T 85:85 T 85:85 T 85:85 Strain TS-56(T) was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder. 25281726 2 64 attach isolated 92:99 arg1 gut 110:112 the gut 106:112 the gut of a wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder 106:171 Strain TS-56(T) was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder. 25281726 2 64 attach isolated 92:99 arg2 TS-56 79:83 Strain TS-56 72:83 Strain TS-56(T) 72:86 Strain TS-56(T) was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder. 25281726 10 65 theme unknown 1059:1065 arg1 glycolipids 1067:1077 two unknown glycolipids 1055:1077 two unknown glycolipids 1055:1077 The polar lipid profile contained disphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown glycolipids. 25281726 5 66 dep optimum 627:633 arg1 °C 639:640 30 °C 636:640 30 °C 636:640 Growth of TS-56(T) occurred at 20-35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.0). 25281726 10 67 contain contained 952:960 arg1 profile 944:950 The polar lipid profile 928:950 The polar lipid profile 928:950 The polar lipid profile contained disphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown glycolipids. 25281726 10 67 contain contained 952:960 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 987:1006 phosphatidylglycerol 987:1006 phosphatidylglycerol 987:1006 The polar lipid profile contained disphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown glycolipids. 25281726 10 67 contain contained 952:960 arg2 phosphatidylcholine 1009:1027 phosphatidylcholine 1009:1027 phosphatidylcholine 1009:1027 The polar lipid profile contained disphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown glycolipids. 25281726 10 67 contain contained 952:960 arg2 glycolipids 1067:1077 two unknown glycolipids 1055:1077 two unknown glycolipids 1055:1077 The polar lipid profile contained disphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown glycolipids. 25281726 10 67 contain contained 952:960 arg2 disphosphatidylglycerol 962:984 disphosphatidylglycerol 962:984 disphosphatidylglycerol 962:984 The polar lipid profile contained disphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown glycolipids. 25281726 10 67 contain contained 952:960 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 1030:1049 phosphatidylinositol 1030:1049 phosphatidylinositol 1030:1049 The polar lipid profile contained disphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown glycolipids. 26851486 8 0 theme intact 2112:2117 arg1 lactoferrin 2125:2135 intact human lactoferrin 2112:2135 intact human lactoferrin 2112:2135 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 1 theme moieties 2581:2588 arg1 removal 2538:2544 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2535:2830 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2535:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 2 theme mannose 1537:1543 arg1 inhibition 2402:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition 1464:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa 1464:2497 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 3 theme lactoferrin 2125:2135 arg1 lactoferrin 2125:2135 intact human lactoferrin 2112:2135 intact human lactoferrin 2112:2135 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 3 theme lactoferrin 2125:2135 arg1 amount 2102:2107 the same amount 2093:2107 the same amount of intact human lactoferrin 2093:2135 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 4 theme bacteria 1489:1496 arg1 lactose 1564:1570 sialyl lactose 1557:1570 sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) 1557:1595 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 4 theme bacteria 1489:1496 arg1 galactose 1526:1534 galactose 1526:1534 galactose 1526:1534 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 4 theme bacteria 1489:1496 arg1 fucose 1546:1551 fucose 1546:1551 fucose 1546:1551 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 4 theme bacteria 1489:1496 arg1 pre-incubation 1467:1480 1) pre-incubation 1464:1480 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars 1464:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 4 theme bacteria 1489:1496 arg1 mannose 1537:1543 mannose 1537:1543 mannose 1537:1543 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 1 5 theme human 75:79 arg1 eye 81:83 The human eye 71:83 The human eye 71:83 The human eye is constantly bathed by tears, which protect the ocular surface via a variety of mechanisms. 26851486 8 6 theme fucose 1546:1551 arg1 inhibition 2402:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition 1464:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa 1464:2497 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 7 7 theme ocular 1290:1295 arg1 adaptation 1312:1321 ocular niche-specific adaptation 1290:1321 ocular niche-specific adaptation 1290:1321 The ocular isolates adhered two to three times more to human tears than to human saliva or porcine gastric mucin, suggesting ocular niche-specific adaptation. 26851486 8 8 dep pre-incubation 2222:2235 arg1 3 2219:2219 3 2219:2219 3 2219:2219 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 9 theme binding 1716:1722 arg1 inhibition 1702:1711 the greatest inhibition 1689:1711 the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain 1689:1790 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 10 with bacteria 1818:1825 arg1 N-glycans 1832:1840 N-glycans 1832:1840 N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 1832:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 11 theme sialyl 1557:1562 arg1 lactose 1564:1570 sialyl lactose 1557:1570 sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) 1557:1595 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 5 12 theme macromolecular 812:825 arg1 components 827:836 the macromolecular components 808:836 the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 808:917 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 8 13 theme plant-derived 2147:2159 arg1 N-glycans 2161:2169 the plant-derived N-glycans 2143:2169 the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2143:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 2 14 from removal 302:308 arg1 flow 322:325 the tear flow 313:325 the tear flow 313:325 The O-linked glycans of tear mucins have long been considered to play a role in binding to pathogens and facilitating their removal in the tear flow. 26851486 6 15 theme eye 1082:1084 arg1 infections 1086:1095 eye infections 1082:1095 eye infections 1082:1095 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 4 16 theme tear 614:617 arg1 proteins 619:626 tear proteins 614:626 tear proteins 614:626 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 17 theme α2-3,6,8 2623:2630 arg1 sialidase 2647:2655 sialidase 2647:2655 sialidase 2647:2655 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 17 theme α2-3,6,8 2623:2630 arg1 neuraminidase 2632:2644 α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase 2623:2644 α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) 2623:2656 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 6 18 theme tract 1142:1146 arg1 UTI 1159:1161 UTI 1159:1161 UTI 1159:1161 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 18 theme tract 1142:1146 arg1 infection 1148:1156 a urinary tract infection 1132:1156 a urinary tract infection (UTI) 1132:1162 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 8 19 theme ocular 2468:2473 arg1 strain 2475:2480 an ocular strain 2465:2480 an ocular strain 2465:2480 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 10 20 theme cytotoxic 3004:3012 arg1 strain 3021:3026 the cytotoxic ocular strain 3000:3026 the cytotoxic ocular strain 3000:3026 In all cases, the magnitude of inhibition of bacterial adhesion by the N-glycans was consistently greater for the cytotoxic ocular strain than for the invasive ocular strain. 26851486 7 21 theme gastric 1264:1270 arg1 mucin 1272:1276 porcine gastric mucin 1256:1276 porcine gastric mucin 1256:1276 The ocular isolates adhered two to three times more to human tears than to human saliva or porcine gastric mucin, suggesting ocular niche-specific adaptation. 26851486 8 22 theme cytotoxic 1738:1746 arg1 6206 1748:1751 the ocular cytotoxic 6206 1727:1751 the ocular cytotoxic 6206 1727:1751 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 23 dep particular 534:543 arg1 N-glycans 566:574 the protein attached N-glycans 545:574 the protein attached N-glycans 545:574 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 24 with pre-incubation 1467:1480 arg1 sugars 1518:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 1 25 theme mechanisms 166:175 arg1 mechanisms 166:175 mechanisms 166:175 mechanisms 166:175 The human eye is constantly bathed by tears, which protect the ocular surface via a variety of mechanisms. 26851486 1 25 theme mechanisms 166:175 arg1 variety 155:161 a variety 153:161 a variety of mechanisms 153:175 The human eye is constantly bathed by tears, which protect the ocular surface via a variety of mechanisms. 26851486 8 26 dep removal 2538:2544 arg1 5 2535:2535 5 2535:2535 5 2535:2535 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 6 27 theme urinary 1134:1140 arg1 UTI 1159:1161 UTI 1159:1161 UTI 1159:1161 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 27 theme urinary 1134:1140 arg1 infection 1148:1156 a urinary tract infection 1132:1156 a urinary tract infection (UTI) 1132:1162 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 8 28 theme pre-incubation 1467:1480 arg1 inhibition 2402:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition 1464:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa 1464:2497 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 29 theme recombinant 2194:2204 arg1 lactoferrin 2206:2216 the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2185:2216 the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2185:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 7 30 theme human 1240:1244 arg1 saliva 1246:1251 human saliva 1240:1251 human saliva 1240:1251 The ocular isolates adhered two to three times more to human tears than to human saliva or porcine gastric mucin, suggesting ocular niche-specific adaptation. 26851486 8 31 theme α1-2,3,4 2662:2669 arg1 fucosidase 2671:2680 α1-2,3,4 fucosidase 2662:2680 α1-2,3,4 fucosidase 2662:2680 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 2 32 theme O-linked 182:189 arg1 glycans 191:197 The O-linked glycans 178:197 The O-linked glycans of tear mucins 178:212 The O-linked glycans of tear mucins have long been considered to play a role in binding to pathogens and facilitating their removal in the tear flow. 26851486 8 33 theme UTI 2725:2727 arg1 isolate 2743:2749 the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate 2721:2749 the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate 2721:2749 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 11 34 theme Ocular 3065:3070 arg1 isolates 3086:3093 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates 3065:3093 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates 3065:3093 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates seems to exhibit different adhesion mechanism than previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion. 26851486 4 35 theme pathogen 665:672 arg1 adhesion 635:642 the adhesion 631:642 the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea 631:764 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 36 from removal 2538:2544 arg1 glycoproteins 2604:2616 the tear glycoproteins 2595:2616 the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2595:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 37 theme invasive 1771:1778 arg1 strain 1785:1790 the invasive 6294 strain 1767:1790 the invasive 6294 strain 1767:1790 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 5 38 theme difluoride 877:886 arg1 plate 913:917 a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 865:917 a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 865:917 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 8 39 theme N-glycans 1352:1360 arg1 role 1340:1343 the role 1336:1343 the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye 1336:1448 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 7 40 theme human 1220:1224 arg1 tears 1226:1230 human tears 1220:1230 human tears 1220:1230 The ocular isolates adhered two to three times more to human tears than to human saliva or porcine gastric mucin, suggesting ocular niche-specific adaptation. 26851486 8 41 theme human 2289:2293 arg1 proteins 2300:2307 human tear proteins 2289:2307 human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins 2289:2396 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 9 42 theme Glycosidase 2833:2843 arg1 activity 2845:2852 Glycosidase activity 2833:2852 Glycosidase activity 2833:2852 Glycosidase activity was validated by mass spectrometry. 26851486 3 43 from glycans 345:351 arg1 tears 356:360 tears 356:360 tears 356:360 Other conjugated glycans in tears could similarly contribute to pathogen binding and removal but have received less attention. 26851486 2 44 theme mucins 207:212 arg1 glycans 191:197 The O-linked glycans 178:197 The O-linked glycans of tear mucins 178:212 The O-linked glycans of tear mucins have long been considered to play a role in binding to pathogens and facilitating their removal in the tear flow. 26851486 8 45 theme P. aeruginosa 1628:1640 arg1 strains 1642:1648 all the P. aeruginosa strains 1620:1648 all the P. aeruginosa strains 1620:1648 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 11 46 theme lectin 3176:3181 arg1 adhesion 3183:3190 previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion 3146:3190 previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion 3146:3190 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates seems to exhibit different adhesion mechanism than previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion. 26851486 11 47 theme PAII 3171:3174 arg1 adhesion 3183:3190 previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion 3146:3190 previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion 3146:3190 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates seems to exhibit different adhesion mechanism than previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion. 26851486 1 48 theme ocular 134:139 arg1 surface 141:147 the ocular surface 130:147 the ocular surface 130:147 The human eye is constantly bathed by tears, which protect the ocular surface via a variety of mechanisms. 26851486 8 49 theme bacteria 2244:2251 arg1 pre-incubation 2222:2235 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins 2219:2396 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa 1464:2497 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 50 link N-linked 1940:1947 arg1 glycans 1949:1955 N-linked glycans 1940:1955 N-linked glycans 1940:1955 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 51 with fucose 1546:1551 arg1 sugars 1518:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 52 theme cause 708:712 arg1 adhesion 635:642 the adhesion 631:642 the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea 631:764 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 53 with bacteria 2244:2251 arg1 glycans 2267:2273 N-linked glycans 2258:2273 N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins 2258:2396 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 54 theme pre-incubation 1796:1809 arg1 pre-incubation 1467:1480 1) pre-incubation 1464:1480 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars 1464:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 55 theme immobilised 1657:1667 arg1 proteins 1674:1681 the immobilised tear proteins 1653:1681 the immobilised tear proteins 1653:1681 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 5 56 theme plate 913:917 arg1 wells 856:860 the wells 852:860 the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 852:917 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 8 57 theme isolate 2743:2749 arg1 binding 2710:2716 binding 2710:2716 binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate 2710:2749 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 58 theme corneal 2509:2515 arg1 cells 2528:2532 corneal epithelial cells 2509:2532 corneal epithelial cells 2509:2532 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 59 dep lactose 1564:1570 arg1 combination 1576:1586 combination 1576:1586 combination thereof 1576:1594 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 60 theme microbial 717:725 arg1 keratitis 727:735 microbial keratitis 717:735 microbial keratitis 717:735 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 6 61 from infections 1086:1095 arg1 320 1122:1124 320 1122:1124 320 1122:1124 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 61 from infections 1086:1095 arg1 strain 1063:1068 an invasive strain 1051:1068 an invasive strain (6294) 1051:1075 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 61 from infections 1086:1095 arg1 6206 1041:1044 6206 1041:1044 6206 1041:1044 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 61 from infections 1086:1095 arg1 6294 1071:1074 6294 1071:1074 6294 1071:1074 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 61 from infections 1086:1095 arg1 strain 1114:1119 an invasive strain 1102:1119 an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI) 1102:1162 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 61 from infections 1086:1095 arg1 strain 1033:1038 a cytotoxic strain 1021:1038 a cytotoxic strain (6206) 1021:1045 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 62 theme cytotoxic 1023:1031 arg1 6206 1041:1044 6206 1041:1044 6206 1041:1044 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 62 theme cytotoxic 1023:1031 arg1 strain 1033:1038 a cytotoxic strain 1021:1038 a cytotoxic strain (6206) 1021:1045 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 3 63 theme Other 328:332 arg1 glycans 345:351 Other conjugated glycans 328:351 Other conjugated glycans in tears 328:360 Other conjugated glycans in tears could similarly contribute to pathogen binding and removal but have received less attention. 26851486 8 64 theme ocular 2340:2345 arg1 strains 2361:2367 the ocular P. aeruginosa strains 2336:2367 the ocular P. aeruginosa strains 2336:2367 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 65 theme 6206 2798:2801 arg1 adhesion 2764:2771 the adhesion 2760:2771 the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2760:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 0 66 theme Glycan 0:5 arg1 involvement 7:17 Glycan involvement 0:17 Glycan involvement in the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tears. 0:69 Glycan involvement in the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tears. 26851486 5 67 theme PVDF 889:892 arg1 plate 913:917 a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 865:917 a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 865:917 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 10 68 theme ocular 3050:3055 arg1 strain 3057:3062 the invasive ocular strain 3037:3062 the invasive ocular strain 3037:3062 In all cases, the magnitude of inhibition of bacterial adhesion by the N-glycans was consistently greater for the cytotoxic ocular strain than for the invasive ocular strain. 26851486 8 69 theme more 2061:2064 arg1 inhibition 2074:2083 significantly more binding inhibition 2047:2083 significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2047:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 12 70 theme eye 3311:3313 arg1 infection 3294:3302 P. aeruginosa infection 3280:3302 P. aeruginosa infection of the eye 3280:3313 The work may contribute towards the development of glycan-focused therapies to prevent P. aeruginosa infection of the eye. 26851486 7 71 dep three 1200:1204 arg1 to 1197:1198 to 1197:1198 to 1197:1198 The ocular isolates adhered two to three times more to human tears than to human saliva or porcine gastric mucin, suggesting ocular niche-specific adaptation. 26851486 11 72 theme adhesion 3122:3129 arg1 mechanism 3131:3139 different adhesion mechanism 3112:3139 different adhesion mechanism than previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion 3112:3190 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates seems to exhibit different adhesion mechanism than previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion. 26851486 5 73 theme microtitre 895:904 arg1 plate 913:917 a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 865:917 a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 865:917 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 8 74 theme abundant 1910:1917 arg1 protein 1919:1925 an abundant protein 1907:1925 an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 1907:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 74 theme abundant 1910:1917 arg1 lactoferrin 1894:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 75 theme P. aeruginosa 1423:1435 arg1 removal 1412:1418 removal 1412:1418 removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye 1412:1448 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 75 theme P. aeruginosa 1423:1435 arg1 binding 1400:1406 the binding 1396:1406 the binding 1396:1406 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 76 theme cornea 759:764 arg1 ulceration 741:750 ulceration 741:750 ulceration of the cornea 741:764 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 4 76 theme cornea 759:764 arg1 cause 708:712 a leading cause 698:712 a leading cause of microbial keratitis 698:735 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 4 76 theme cornea 759:764 arg1 pathogen 665:672 the opportunistic pathogen 647:672 the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 647:695 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 77 theme immobilised 2372:2382 arg1 proteins 2389:2396 immobilised tear proteins 2372:2396 immobilised tear proteins 2372:2396 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 5 78 theme bacteria 969:976 arg1 binding 935:941 the binding 931:941 the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria 931:976 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 8 79 attach released 2171:2178 arg2 N-glycans 2161:2169 the plant-derived N-glycans 2143:2169 the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2143:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 79 attach released 2171:2178 arg1 lactoferrin 2206:2216 the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2185:2216 the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2185:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 6 80 theme P. aeruginosa 985:997 arg1 strains 999:1005 Three P. aeruginosa strains 979:1005 Three P. aeruginosa strains 979:1005 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 8 81 theme terminal 2549:2556 arg1 acid 2565:2568 terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties 2549:2588 acid 2565:2568 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 82 attach released 1842:1849 arg1 protein 1919:1925 an abundant protein 1907:1925 an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 1907:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 82 attach released 1842:1849 arg1 lactoferrin 1894:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 82 attach released 1842:1849 arg2 N-glycans 1832:1840 N-glycans 1832:1840 N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 1832:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 83 theme available 1873:1881 arg1 protein 1919:1925 an abundant protein 1907:1925 an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 1907:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 83 theme available 1873:1881 arg1 lactoferrin 1894:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 84 theme same 2097:2100 arg1 lactoferrin 2125:2135 intact human lactoferrin 2112:2135 intact human lactoferrin 2112:2135 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 84 theme same 2097:2100 arg1 amount 2102:2107 the same amount 2093:2107 the same amount of intact human lactoferrin 2093:2135 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 7 85 theme ocular 1169:1174 arg1 isolates 1176:1183 The ocular isolates 1165:1183 The ocular isolates 1165:1183 The ocular isolates adhered two to three times more to human tears than to human saliva or porcine gastric mucin, suggesting ocular niche-specific adaptation. 26851486 8 86 theme acid 2565:2568 arg1 removal 2538:2544 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2535:2830 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2535:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 87 from glycoproteins 2604:2616 arg1 moieties 2581:2588 terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties 2549:2588 moieties 2581:2588 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 87 from glycoproteins 2604:2616 arg1 removal 2538:2544 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2535:2830 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2535:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 87 from glycoproteins 2604:2616 arg1 acid 2565:2568 terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties 2549:2588 acid 2565:2568 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 88 theme invasive 2807:2814 arg1 isolates 2823:2830 the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2776:2830 isolates 2823:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 89 from lactoferrin 2435:2445 arg1 N-glycans 2420:2428 the N-glycans 2416:2428 the N-glycans from lactoferrin 2416:2445 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 90 theme isolates 2823:2830 arg1 adhesion 2764:2771 the adhesion 2760:2771 the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2760:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 91 theme proteins 619:626 arg1 complement 600:609 the broad complement 590:609 the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea 590:764 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 92 theme fucose 2574:2579 arg1 moieties 2581:2588 terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties 2549:2588 moieties 2581:2588 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 2 93 theme tear 317:320 arg1 flow 322:325 the tear flow 313:325 the tear flow 313:325 The O-linked glycans of tear mucins have long been considered to play a role in binding to pathogens and facilitating their removal in the tear flow. 26851486 8 94 theme component 1508:1516 arg1 sugars 1518:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 95 theme human 1883:1887 arg1 protein 1919:1925 an abundant protein 1907:1925 an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 1907:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 95 theme human 1883:1887 arg1 lactoferrin 1894:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 96 theme human 2119:2123 arg1 lactoferrin 2125:2135 intact human lactoferrin 2112:2135 intact human lactoferrin 2112:2135 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 97 gly glycoproteins 2604:2616 arg1 glycoproteins 2604:2616 the tear glycoproteins 2595:2616 the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2595:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 98 theme attached 557:564 arg1 N-glycans 566:574 the protein attached N-glycans 545:574 the protein attached N-glycans 545:574 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 99 theme greatest 1693:1700 arg1 inhibition 1702:1711 the greatest inhibition 1689:1711 the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain 1689:1790 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 100 dep 70 2032:2033 arg1 to 2029:2030 to 2029:2030 to 2029:2030 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 101 with mannose 1537:1543 arg1 sugars 1518:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 6 102 from infection 1148:1156 arg1 320 1122:1124 320 1122:1124 320 1122:1124 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 102 from infection 1148:1156 arg1 strain 1063:1068 an invasive strain 1051:1068 an invasive strain (6294) 1051:1075 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 102 from infection 1148:1156 arg1 6206 1041:1044 6206 1041:1044 6206 1041:1044 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 102 from infection 1148:1156 arg1 6294 1071:1074 6294 1071:1074 6294 1071:1074 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 102 from infection 1148:1156 arg1 strain 1114:1119 an invasive strain 1102:1119 an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI) 1102:1162 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 102 from infection 1148:1156 arg1 strain 1033:1038 a cytotoxic strain 1021:1038 a cytotoxic strain (6206) 1021:1045 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 10 103 theme adhesion 2945:2952 arg1 inhibition 2921:2930 inhibition 2921:2930 inhibition of bacterial adhesion by the N-glycans 2921:2969 In all cases, the magnitude of inhibition of bacterial adhesion by the N-glycans was consistently greater for the cytotoxic ocular strain than for the invasive ocular strain. 26851486 8 104 from eye 1446:1448 arg1 removal 1412:1418 removal 1412:1418 removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye 1412:1448 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 104 from eye 1446:1448 arg1 binding 1400:1406 the binding 1396:1406 the binding 1396:1406 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 105 theme moieties 521:528 arg1 contribution 498:509 the contribution 494:509 the contribution of glycan moieties 494:528 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 106 theme tear 2599:2602 arg1 glycoproteins 2604:2616 the tear glycoproteins 2595:2616 the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2595:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 107 theme bacteria 2014:2021 arg1 tears 1994:1998 tears 1994:1998 tears of the ocular bacteria 1994:2021 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 108 dep pre-incubation 1796:1809 arg1 2 1793:1793 2 1793:1793 2 1793:1793 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 109 with proteins 1674:1681 arg1 inhibition 1702:1711 the greatest inhibition 1689:1711 the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain 1689:1790 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 12 110 theme P. aeruginosa 3280:3292 arg1 infection 3294:3302 P. aeruginosa infection 3280:3302 P. aeruginosa infection of the eye 3280:3313 The work may contribute towards the development of glycan-focused therapies to prevent P. aeruginosa infection of the eye. 26851486 11 111 theme P. aeruginosa 3072:3084 arg1 isolates 3086:3093 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates 3065:3093 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates 3065:3093 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates seems to exhibit different adhesion mechanism than previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion. 26851486 7 112 theme niche-specific 1297:1310 arg1 adaptation 1312:1321 ocular niche-specific adaptation 1290:1321 ocular niche-specific adaptation 1290:1321 The ocular isolates adhered two to three times more to human tears than to human saliva or porcine gastric mucin, suggesting ocular niche-specific adaptation. 26851486 4 113 theme broad 594:598 arg1 complement 600:609 the broad complement 590:609 the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea 590:764 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 114 theme ocular 1731:1736 arg1 6206 1748:1751 the ocular cytotoxic 6206 1727:1751 the ocular cytotoxic 6206 1727:1751 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 115 theme ability 2454:2460 arg1 inhibition 2402:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition 1464:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa 1464:2497 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 116 theme strains 2361:2367 arg1 adhesion 2324:2331 the adhesion 2320:2331 the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins 2320:2396 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 117 theme ocular 2007:2012 arg1 bacteria 2014:2021 the ocular bacteria 2003:2021 the ocular bacteria 2003:2021 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 118 theme strain 2475:2480 arg1 ability 2454:2460 the ability 2450:2460 the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa 2450:2497 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 119 theme 6206 1748:1751 arg1 binding 1716:1722 binding 1716:1722 binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 1716:1751 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 120 theme lactose 1564:1570 arg1 inhibition 2402:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition 1464:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa 1464:2497 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 5 121 theme adhesion 771:778 arg1 assay 780:784 Our adhesion assay 767:784 Our adhesion assay 767:784 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 8 122 theme rice 2189:2192 arg1 lactoferrin 2206:2216 the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2185:2216 the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2185:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 7 123 dep suggesting 1279:1288 arg1 adhered 1185:1191 adhered 1185:1191 adhered 1185:1191 The ocular isolates adhered two to three times more to human tears than to human saliva or porcine gastric mucin, suggesting ocular niche-specific adaptation. 26851486 8 124 theme N-linked 1940:1947 arg1 glycans 1949:1955 N-linked glycans 1940:1955 N-linked glycans 1940:1955 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 125 theme least 1757:1761 arg1 inhibition 1702:1711 the greatest inhibition 1689:1711 the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain 1689:1790 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 2 126 theme tear 202:205 arg1 mucins 207:212 tear mucins 202:212 tear mucins 202:212 The O-linked glycans of tear mucins have long been considered to play a role in binding to pathogens and facilitating their removal in the tear flow. 26851486 9 127 theme mass 2871:2874 arg1 spectrometry 2876:2887 mass spectrometry 2871:2887 mass spectrometry 2871:2887 Glycosidase activity was validated by mass spectrometry. 26851486 7 128 theme porcine 1256:1262 arg1 mucin 1272:1276 porcine gastric mucin 1256:1276 porcine gastric mucin 1256:1276 The ocular isolates adhered two to three times more to human tears than to human saliva or porcine gastric mucin, suggesting ocular niche-specific adaptation. 26851486 8 129 from reduction 2697:2705 arg1 binding 2710:2716 binding 2710:2716 binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate 2710:2749 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 129 from reduction 2697:2705 arg1 adhesion 2764:2771 the adhesion 2760:2771 the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2760:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 130 with galactose 1526:1534 arg1 sugars 1518:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 131 theme P. aeruginosa 2729:2741 arg1 isolate 2743:2749 the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate 2721:2749 the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate 2721:2749 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 132 theme tear 1379:1382 arg1 proteins 1384:1391 human tear proteins 1373:1391 human tear proteins 1373:1391 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 11 133 theme known 3157:3161 arg1 adhesion 3183:3190 previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion 3146:3190 previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion 3146:3190 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates seems to exhibit different adhesion mechanism than previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion. 26851486 8 134 theme 6294 1780:1783 arg1 strain 1785:1790 the invasive 6294 strain 1767:1790 the invasive 6294 strain 1767:1790 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 135 dep attached 557:564 arg1 protein 549:555 protein 549:555 protein 549:555 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 136 theme inhibiting 1597:1606 arg1 adhesion 1608:1615 inhibiting adhesion 1597:1615 inhibiting adhesion 1597:1615 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 5 137 theme polyvinyl 867:875 arg1 plate 913:917 a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 865:917 a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 865:917 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 8 138 theme pre-incubation 2222:2235 arg1 pre-incubation 1467:1480 1) pre-incubation 1464:1480 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars 1464:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 12 139 theme therapies 3259:3267 arg1 development 3229:3239 the development 3225:3239 the development of glycan-focused therapies 3225:3267 The work may contribute towards the development of glycan-focused therapies to prevent P. aeruginosa infection of the eye. 26851486 4 140 theme opportunistic 651:663 arg1 pathogen 665:672 the opportunistic pathogen 647:672 the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 647:695 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 141 theme tear 2295:2298 arg1 proteins 2300:2307 human tear proteins 2289:2307 human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins 2289:2396 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 2 142 link O-linked 182:189 arg1 glycans 191:197 The O-linked glycans 178:197 The O-linked glycans of tear mucins 178:212 The O-linked glycans of tear mucins have long been considered to play a role in binding to pathogens and facilitating their removal in the tear flow. 26851486 5 143 theme tears 841:845 arg1 components 827:836 the macromolecular components 808:836 the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 808:917 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 8 144 theme human 1373:1377 arg1 proteins 1384:1391 human tear proteins 1373:1391 human tear proteins 1373:1391 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 6 145 theme invasive 1105:1112 arg1 320 1122:1124 320 1122:1124 320 1122:1124 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 145 theme invasive 1105:1112 arg1 strain 1114:1119 an invasive strain 1102:1119 an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI) 1102:1162 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 8 146 link plant-derived 2147:2159 arg1 N-glycans 2161:2169 the plant-derived N-glycans 2143:2169 the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2143:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 147 with glycoproteins 2604:2616 arg1 sialidase 2647:2655 sialidase 2647:2655 sialidase 2647:2655 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 147 with glycoproteins 2604:2616 arg1 neuraminidase 2632:2644 α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase 2623:2644 α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) 2623:2656 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 147 with glycoproteins 2604:2616 arg1 fucosidase 2671:2680 α1-2,3,4 fucosidase 2662:2680 α1-2,3,4 fucosidase 2662:2680 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 0 148 from involvement 7:17 arg1 adhesion 26:33 the adhesion 22:33 the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tears 22:68 Glycan involvement in the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tears. 26851486 8 149 contain carries 1932:1938 arg1 protein 1919:1925 an abundant protein 1907:1925 an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 1907:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 149 contain carries 1932:1938 arg3 tears 1960:1964 tears 1960:1964 tears 1960:1964 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 149 contain carries 1932:1938 arg2 glycans 1949:1955 N-linked glycans 1940:1955 N-linked glycans 1940:1955 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 149 contain carries 1932:1938 arg1 lactoferrin 1894:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 150 dep shown 1454:1458 arg1 removal 2538:2544 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2535:2830 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates 2535:2830 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 151 theme keratitis 727:735 arg1 ulceration 741:750 ulceration 741:750 ulceration of the cornea 741:764 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 4 151 theme keratitis 727:735 arg1 cause 708:712 a leading cause 698:712 a leading cause of microbial keratitis 698:735 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 4 151 theme keratitis 727:735 arg1 pathogen 665:672 the opportunistic pathogen 647:672 the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 647:695 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 152 theme strains 1642:1648 arg1 lactose 1564:1570 sialyl lactose 1557:1570 sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) 1557:1595 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 152 theme strains 1642:1648 arg1 galactose 1526:1534 galactose 1526:1534 galactose 1526:1534 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 152 theme strains 1642:1648 arg1 fucose 1546:1551 fucose 1546:1551 fucose 1546:1551 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 152 theme strains 1642:1648 arg1 pre-incubation 1467:1480 1) pre-incubation 1464:1480 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars 1464:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 152 theme strains 1642:1648 arg1 mannose 1537:1543 mannose 1537:1543 mannose 1537:1543 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 5 153 theme filter 906:911 arg1 plate 913:917 a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 865:917 a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate 865:917 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 8 154 theme P. aeruginosa 2485:2497 arg1 ability 2454:2460 the ability 2450:2460 the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa 2450:2497 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 155 theme leading 700:706 arg1 cause 708:712 a leading cause 698:712 a leading cause of microbial keratitis 698:735 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 156 theme bacteria 1818:1825 arg1 pre-incubation 1796:1809 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 1793:2216 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa 1464:2497 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 157 theme N-linked 2258:2265 arg1 glycans 2267:2273 N-linked glycans 2258:2273 N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins 2258:2396 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 158 dep pre-incubation 1467:1480 arg1 1 1464:1464 1 1464:1464 1 1464:1464 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 158 dep pre-incubation 1467:1480 arg1 adhesion 1608:1615 inhibiting adhesion 1597:1615 inhibiting adhesion 1597:1615 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 10 159 theme invasive 3041:3048 arg1 strain 3057:3062 the invasive ocular strain 3037:3062 the invasive ocular strain 3037:3062 In all cases, the magnitude of inhibition of bacterial adhesion by the N-glycans was consistently greater for the cytotoxic ocular strain than for the invasive ocular strain. 26851486 8 160 theme P. aeruginosa 2347:2359 arg1 strains 2361:2367 the ocular P. aeruginosa strains 2336:2367 the ocular P. aeruginosa strains 2336:2367 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 3 161 theme pathogen 392:399 arg1 binding 401:407 pathogen binding 392:407 pathogen binding 392:407 Other conjugated glycans in tears could similarly contribute to pathogen binding and removal but have received less attention. 26851486 8 162 theme tear 1669:1672 arg1 proteins 1674:1681 the immobilised tear proteins 1653:1681 the immobilised tear proteins 1653:1681 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 163 dep pathogen 665:672 arg1 aeruginosa 686:695 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 674:695 the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa 647:695 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 3 164 theme conjugated 334:343 arg1 glycans 345:351 Other conjugated glycans 328:351 Other conjugated glycans in tears 328:360 Other conjugated glycans in tears could similarly contribute to pathogen binding and removal but have received less attention. 26851486 8 165 theme epithelial 2517:2526 arg1 cells 2528:2532 corneal epithelial cells 2509:2532 corneal epithelial cells 2509:2532 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 166 with lactose 1564:1570 arg1 sugars 1518:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 167 theme glycan 514:519 arg1 moieties 521:528 glycan moieties 514:528 glycan moieties 514:528 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 6 168 dep studied 1012:1018 arg1 320 1122:1124 320 1122:1124 320 1122:1124 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 168 dep studied 1012:1018 arg1 strain 1063:1068 an invasive strain 1051:1068 an invasive strain (6294) 1051:1075 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 168 dep studied 1012:1018 arg1 6206 1041:1044 6206 1041:1044 6206 1041:1044 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 168 dep studied 1012:1018 arg1 6294 1071:1074 6294 1071:1074 6294 1071:1074 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 168 dep studied 1012:1018 arg1 strain 1114:1119 an invasive strain 1102:1119 an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI) 1102:1162 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 168 dep studied 1012:1018 arg1 strain 1033:1038 a cytotoxic strain 1021:1038 a cytotoxic strain (6206) 1021:1045 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 8 169 attach released 2275:2282 arg2 glycans 2267:2273 N-linked glycans 2258:2273 N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins 2258:2396 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 169 attach released 2275:2282 arg1 proteins 2300:2307 human tear proteins 2289:2307 human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins 2289:2396 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 170 theme tear 2384:2387 arg1 proteins 2389:2396 immobilised tear proteins 2372:2396 immobilised tear proteins 2372:2396 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 171 theme binding 2066:2072 arg1 inhibition 2074:2083 significantly more binding inhibition 2047:2083 significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 2047:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 5 172 theme labelled 960:967 arg1 bacteria 969:976 fluorescently labelled bacteria 946:976 fluorescently labelled bacteria 946:976 Our adhesion assay involved immobilising the macromolecular components of tears into the wells of a polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) microtitre filter plate and probing the binding of fluorescently labelled bacteria. 26851486 12 173 theme glycan-focused 3244:3257 arg1 therapies 3259:3267 glycan-focused therapies 3244:3267 glycan-focused therapies 3244:3267 The work may contribute towards the development of glycan-focused therapies to prevent P. aeruginosa infection of the eye. 26851486 0 174 theme aeruginosa 50:59 arg1 adhesion 26:33 the adhesion 22:33 the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tears 22:68 Glycan involvement in the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tears. 26851486 10 175 theme bacterial 2935:2943 arg1 adhesion 2945:2952 bacterial adhesion 2935:2952 bacterial adhesion 2935:2952 In all cases, the magnitude of inhibition of bacterial adhesion by the N-glycans was consistently greater for the cytotoxic ocular strain than for the invasive ocular strain. 26851486 11 176 theme different 3112:3120 arg1 mechanism 3131:3139 different adhesion mechanism 3112:3139 different adhesion mechanism than previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion 3112:3190 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates seems to exhibit different adhesion mechanism than previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion. 26851486 10 177 theme ocular 3014:3019 arg1 strain 3021:3026 the cytotoxic ocular strain 3000:3026 the cytotoxic ocular strain 3000:3026 In all cases, the magnitude of inhibition of bacterial adhesion by the N-glycans was consistently greater for the cytotoxic ocular strain than for the invasive ocular strain. 26851486 8 178 theme free 1503:1506 arg1 sugars 1518:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 free component sugars 1503:1523 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 10 179 theme inhibition 2921:2930 arg1 magnitude 2908:2916 the magnitude 2904:2916 the magnitude of inhibition of bacterial adhesion by the N-glycans 2904:2969 In all cases, the magnitude of inhibition of bacterial adhesion by the N-glycans was consistently greater for the cytotoxic ocular strain than for the invasive ocular strain. 26851486 10 179 theme inhibition 2921:2930 arg1 greater 2988:2994 greater 2988:2994 greater 2988:2994 In all cases, the magnitude of inhibition of bacterial adhesion by the N-glycans was consistently greater for the cytotoxic ocular strain than for the invasive ocular strain. 26851486 11 180 theme PAI 3163:3165 arg1 adhesion 3183:3190 previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion 3146:3190 previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion 3146:3190 Ocular P. aeruginosa isolates seems to exhibit different adhesion mechanism than previously known PAI and PAII lectin adhesion. 26851486 6 181 theme invasive 1054:1061 arg1 6294 1071:1074 6294 1071:1074 6294 1071:1074 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 6 181 theme invasive 1054:1061 arg1 strain 1063:1068 an invasive strain 1051:1068 an invasive strain (6294) 1051:1075 Three P. aeruginosa strains were studied: a cytotoxic strain (6206) and an invasive strain (6294) from eye infections, and an invasive strain (320) from a urinary tract infection (UTI). 26851486 8 182 theme sialic 2558:2563 arg1 acid 2565:2568 terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties 2549:2588 acid 2565:2568 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 183 link N-linked 2258:2265 arg1 glycans 2267:2273 N-linked glycans 2258:2273 N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins 2258:2396 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 184 theme milk 1889:1892 arg1 protein 1919:1925 an abundant protein 1907:1925 an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin 1907:2216 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 8 184 theme milk 1889:1892 arg1 lactoferrin 1894:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 the commercially available human milk lactoferrin 1856:1904 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 26851486 4 185 theme ulceration 741:750 arg1 adhesion 635:642 the adhesion 631:642 the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea 631:764 In the work presented here we assessed the contribution of glycan moieties, in particular the protein attached N-glycans, presented by the broad complement of tear proteins to the adhesion of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of microbial keratitis and ulceration of the cornea. 26851486 8 186 theme galactose 1526:1534 arg1 inhibition 2402:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition 1464:2411 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa 1464:2497 Support for the role of the N-glycans carried by human tear proteins in the binding and removal of P. aeruginosa from the eye was shown by: 1) pre-incubation of the bacteria with free component sugars, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialyl lactose (or combination thereof) inhibiting adhesion of all the P. aeruginosa strains to the immobilised tear proteins, with the greatest inhibition of binding of the ocular cytotoxic 6206 and least for the invasive 6294 strain; 2) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-glycans released from the commercially available human milk lactoferrin, an abundant protein that carries N-linked glycans in tears, inhibiting the adhesion to tears of the ocular bacteria by up to 70%, which was significantly more binding inhibition than by the same amount of intact human lactoferrin or by the plant-derived N-glycans released from the rice recombinant lactoferrin; 3) pre-incubation of the bacteria with N-linked glycans released from human tear proteins inhibiting the adhesion of the ocular P. aeruginosa strains to immobilised tear proteins; 4) inhibition by the N-glycans from lactoferrin of the ability of an ocular strain of P. aeruginosa to invade corneal epithelial cells; 5) removal of terminal sialic acid and fucose moieties from the tear glycoproteins with α2-3,6,8 neuraminidase (sialidase) and α1-2,3,4 fucosidase resulting in a reduction in binding of the UTI P. aeruginosa isolate, but not the adhesion of the ocular cytotoxic (6206) or invasive (6294) isolates. 28475026 4 0 theme isronensis 832:841 arg1 % 858:858 41 % 855:858 41 % 855:858 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 0 theme isronensis 832:841 arg1 7902T 848:852 S. isronensis MTCC 7902T 829:852 S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) 829:859 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 10 1 theme phylogenetic 1364:1375 arg1 analysis 1377:1384 the phylogenetic analysis 1360:1384 the phylogenetic analysis 1360:1384 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, strain ISSFR-015T belongs to the genus Solibacillus. 28475026 2 2 theme polyphasic 370:379 arg1 taxonomy 381:388 polyphasic taxonomy 370:388 polyphasic taxonomy 370:388 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 4 3 theme 7902T 848:852 arg1 range 778:782 the range 774:782 the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %) 774:896 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 4 theme hybridization 646:658 arg1 analysis 660:667 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis 638:667 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis 638:667 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 2 5 theme particulate 280:290 arg1 filter 303:308 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter 262:308 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station 262:343 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 2 6 theme Space 331:335 arg1 Station 337:343 the International Space Station 313:343 the International Space Station 313:343 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 9 7 theme peptidoglycan 1294:1306 arg1 l-Lys-d-Glu 1338:1348 A4α l-Lys-d-Glu 1334:1348 A4α l-Lys-d-Glu 1334:1348 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu. 28475026 9 7 theme peptidoglycan 1294:1306 arg1 type 1308:1311 The peptidoglycan type 1290:1311 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall 1290:1328 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu. 28475026 4 8 theme B. 865:866 arg1 9127T 885:889 B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T 865:889 B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %) 865:896 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 8 theme B. 865:866 arg1 % 895:895 43 % 892:895 43 % 892:895 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 10 9 theme genus 1420:1424 arg1 Solibacillus 1426:1437 the genus Solibacillus 1416:1437 the genus Solibacillus 1416:1437 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, strain ISSFR-015T belongs to the genus Solibacillus. 28475026 4 10 theme MTCC 880:883 arg1 9127T 885:889 B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T 865:889 B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %) 865:896 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 10 theme MTCC 880:883 arg1 % 895:895 43 % 892:895 43 % 892:895 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 8 11 attach present 1209:1215 arg2 MK-7 1243:1246 MK-7 1243:1246 MK-7 1243:1246 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). 28475026 8 11 attach present 1209:1215 arg1 ISSFR-015T 1227:1236 strain ISSFR-015T 1220:1236 strain ISSFR-015T 1220:1236 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). 28475026 8 11 attach present 1209:1215 arg2 quinones 1200:1207 The isoprenoid quinones 1185:1207 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T 1185:1236 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). 28475026 9 12 theme cell 1320:1323 arg1 wall 1325:1328 the cell wall 1316:1328 the cell wall 1316:1328 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu. 28475026 8 13 theme isoprenoid 1189:1198 arg1 quinones 1200:1207 The isoprenoid quinones 1185:1207 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T 1185:1236 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). 28475026 8 13 theme isoprenoid 1189:1198 arg1 MK-7 1243:1246 MK-7 1243:1246 MK-7 1243:1246 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). 28475026 1 14 theme International 112:124 arg1 Space 126:130 International Space 112:130 the International Space Station 108:138 nov., isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station. 28475026 8 15 theme present 1209:1215 arg1 quinones 1200:1207 The isoprenoid quinones 1185:1207 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T 1185:1236 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). 28475026 8 15 theme present 1209:1215 arg1 MK-7 1243:1246 MK-7 1243:1246 MK-7 1243:1246 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). 28475026 6 16 dep iso-C15  983:990 arg1 % 1001:1001 45.2 % 996:1001 45.2 % 996:1001 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.2 %) and C17 : 1ω10c (12.1 %). 28475026 6 16 dep iso-C15  983:990 arg1 C17  1008:1011 C17  1008:1011 C17  1008:1011 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.2 %) and C17 : 1ω10c (12.1 %). 28475026 6 16 dep iso-C15  983:990 arg1  1ω10c 1013:1018  1ω10c 1013:1018  1ω10c 1013:1018 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.2 %) and C17 : 1ω10c (12.1 %). 28475026 6 16 dep iso-C15  983:990 arg1 % 1026:1026 12.1 % 1021:1026 12.1 % 1021:1026 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.2 %) and C17 : 1ω10c (12.1 %). 28475026 6 16 dep iso-C15  983:990 arg1  0 992:993  0 992:993  0 992:993 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.2 %) and C17 : 1ω10c (12.1 %). 28475026 1 17 theme Space 126:130 arg1 Station 132:138 the International Space Station 108:138 the International Space Station 108:138 nov., isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station. 28475026 8 18 theme strain 1220:1225 arg1 ISSFR-015T 1227:1236 strain ISSFR-015T 1220:1236 strain ISSFR-015T 1220:1236 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). 28475026 11 19 theme novel 1593:1597 arg1 species 1599:1605 a novel species 1591:1605 a novel species 1591:1605 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 4 20 theme relatedness 691:701 arg1 values 703:708 the DNA relatedness values 683:708 the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species 683:764 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 13 21 theme =NRRL 1727:1731 arg1 101595T 1746:1752 =NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T 1727:1752 =NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T 1727:1752 The type strain for this proposed species is ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T). 28475026 13 21 theme =NRRL 1727:1731 arg1 ISSFR-015T 1715:1724 ISSFR-015T 1715:1724 ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T) 1715:1753 The type strain for this proposed species is ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T). 28475026 11 22 theme name 1622:1625 arg1 sp 1648:1649 the name Solibacillus kalamii sp 1618:1649 the name Solibacillus kalamii sp 1618:1649 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 8 23 from present 1209:1215 arg1 ISSFR-015T 1227:1236 strain ISSFR-015T 1220:1236 strain ISSFR-015T 1220:1236 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). 28475026 1 24 theme high-efficiency 47:61 arg1 system 93:98 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system 45:98 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station 45:138 nov., isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station. 28475026 7 25 theme lipid 1040:1044 arg1 profile 1046:1052 The polar lipid profile 1030:1052 The polar lipid profile 1030:1052 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unknown phospholipid. 28475026 1 26 theme arrestance 75:84 arg1 system 93:98 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system 45:98 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station 45:138 nov., isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station. 28475026 4 27 theme other 736:740 arg1 species 758:764 other closely related species 736:764 other closely related species 736:764 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 0 28 theme Solibacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 21:22 Solibacillus kalamii sp 0:22 Solibacillus kalamii sp. 0:23 Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 6 29 theme fatty 966:970 arg1 acids 972:976 The major fatty acids 956:976 The major fatty acids 956:976 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.2 %) and C17 : 1ω10c (12.1 %). 28475026 6 29 theme fatty 966:970 arg1 iso-C15  983:990 iso-C15  983:990 iso-C15  983:990 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.2 %) and C17 : 1ω10c (12.1 %). 28475026 3 30 theme comparative 393:403 arg1 analysis 405:412 A comparative analysis 391:412 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T 391:473 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 4 31 theme related 750:756 arg1 species 758:764 other closely related species 736:764 other closely related species 736:764 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 3 32 theme gene 430:433 arg1 1494 bp 445:451 1494 bp 445:451 1494 bp 445:451 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 3 32 theme gene 430:433 arg1 sequence 435:442 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:442 the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T 417:473 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 2 33 dep Gram-stain-positive 143:161 arg1 endospore-forming 176:192 endospore-forming 176:192 endospore-forming 176:192 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 2 33 dep Gram-stain-positive 143:161 arg1 rod-shaped 164:173 rod-shaped 164:173 rod-shaped 164:173 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 2 33 dep Gram-stain-positive 143:161 arg1 aerobic 195:201 aerobic 195:201 aerobic 195:201 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 4 34 theme silvestrisMTCC 799:812 arg1 10789T 814:819 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T 787:819 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %) 787:826 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 34 theme silvestrisMTCC 799:812 arg1 % 825:825 47 % 822:825 47 % 822:825 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 3 35 theme strain 457:462 arg1 ISSFR-015T 464:473 strain ISSFR-015T 457:473 strain ISSFR-015T 457:473 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 5 36 theme ISSFR-015T 930:939 arg1 content 912:918 The DNA G+C content 900:918 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T 900:939 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T was 45.4 mol%. 28475026 5 36 theme ISSFR-015T 930:939 arg1 % 953:953 45.4 mol% 945:953 45.4 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T was 45.4 mol%. 28475026 3 37 theme 16S 421:423 arg1 rRNA 425:428 the 16S rRNA 417:428 the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T 417:473 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 3 38 theme Solibacillus 504:515 arg1 B3W22T 528:533 Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T 504:533 Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %) 504:542 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 3 38 theme Solibacillus 504:515 arg1 % 541:541 98.9 % 536:541 98.9 % 536:541 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 5 39 theme 45.4 mol 945:952 arg1 content 912:918 The DNA G+C content 900:918 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T 900:939 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T was 45.4 mol%. 28475026 5 39 theme 45.4 mol 945:952 arg1 % 953:953 45.4 mol% 945:953 45.4 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T was 45.4 mol%. 28475026 5 40 theme G+C 908:910 arg1 content 912:918 The DNA G+C content 900:918 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T 900:939 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T was 45.4 mol%. 28475026 5 40 theme G+C 908:910 arg1 % 953:953 45.4 mol% 945:953 45.4 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T was 45.4 mol%. 28475026 7 41 theme unknown 1163:1169 arg1 phospholipid 1171:1182 one unknown phospholipid 1159:1182 one unknown phospholipid 1159:1182 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unknown phospholipid. 28475026 10 42 theme strain 1387:1392 arg1 ISSFR-015T 1394:1403 strain ISSFR-015T 1387:1403 strain ISSFR-015T 1387:1403 Based on the phylogenetic analysis, strain ISSFR-015T belongs to the genus Solibacillus. 28475026 4 43 theme % 793:793 arg1 10789T 814:819 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T 787:819 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %) 787:826 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 43 theme % 793:793 arg1 % 825:825 47 % 822:825 47 % 822:825 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 11 44 theme hybridization 1493:1505 arg1 values 1507:1512 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1481:1512 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1481:1512 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 11 45 theme taxonomic 1455:1463 arg1 data 1465:1468 The polyphasic taxonomic data 1440:1468 The polyphasic taxonomic data 1440:1468 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 4 46 theme S. 829:830 arg1 % 858:858 41 % 855:858 41 % 855:858 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 46 theme S. 829:830 arg1 7902T 848:852 S. isronensis MTCC 7902T 829:852 S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) 829:859 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 11 47 theme low 1481:1483 arg1 values 1507:1512 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1481:1512 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1481:1512 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 4 48 theme MTCC 843:846 arg1 % 858:858 41 % 855:858 41 % 855:858 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 48 theme MTCC 843:846 arg1 7902T 848:852 S. isronensis MTCC 7902T 829:852 S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) 829:859 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 2 49 theme Gram-stain-positive 143:161 arg1 strain 213:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain 141:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain 141:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 2 50 theme arrestance 292:301 arg1 filter 303:308 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter 262:308 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station 262:343 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 4 51 theme DNA-DNA 638:644 arg1 hybridization 646:658 DNA-DNA hybridization 638:658 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis 638:667 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 2 52 theme International 317:329 arg1 Space 331:335 the International Space 313:335 the International Space Station 313:343 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 3 53 dep Bacillus 602:609 arg1 cecembensis 611:621 cecembensis 611:621 cecembensis 611:621 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 4 54 theme cecembensis 868:878 arg1 9127T 885:889 B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T 865:889 B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %) 865:896 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 54 theme cecembensis 868:878 arg1 % 895:895 43 % 892:895 43 % 892:895 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 9 55 theme wall 1325:1328 arg1 l-Lys-d-Glu 1338:1348 A4α l-Lys-d-Glu 1334:1348 A4α l-Lys-d-Glu 1334:1348 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu. 28475026 9 55 theme wall 1325:1328 arg1 type 1308:1311 The peptidoglycan type 1290:1311 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall 1290:1328 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu. 28475026 2 56 theme high-efficiency 264:278 arg1 filter 303:308 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter 262:308 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station 262:343 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 9 57 theme A4α 1334:1336 arg1 l-Lys-d-Glu 1338:1348 A4α l-Lys-d-Glu 1334:1348 A4α l-Lys-d-Glu 1334:1348 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu. 28475026 9 57 theme A4α 1334:1336 arg1 type 1308:1311 The peptidoglycan type 1290:1311 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall 1290:1328 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu. 28475026 3 58 theme Solibacillus 557:568 arg1 HR3-23T 581:587 Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T 557:587 Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) 557:596 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 3 58 theme Solibacillus 557:568 arg1 % 595:595 98.6 % 590:595 98.6 % 590:595 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 4 59 theme ISSFR-015T 720:729 arg1 values 703:708 the DNA relatedness values 683:708 the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species 683:764 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 60 theme strain 713:718 arg1 ISSFR-015T 720:729 strain ISSFR-015T 713:729 strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species 713:764 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 11 61 dep Solibacillus 1627:1638 arg1 kalamii 1640:1646 kalamii 1640:1646 kalamii 1640:1646 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 3 62 theme Bacillus 602:609 arg1 PN5T 623:626 Bacillus cecembensis PN5T 602:626 Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %) 602:635 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 3 62 theme Bacillus 602:609 arg1 % 634:634 96.7 % 629:634 96.7 % 629:634 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 3 63 dep Solibacillus 557:568 arg1 silvestris 570:579 silvestris 570:579 silvestris 570:579 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 2 64 from filter 303:308 arg1 Station 337:343 the International Space Station 313:343 the International Space Station 313:343 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 2 65 attach isolated 248:255 arg1 filter 303:308 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter 262:308 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station 262:343 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 2 65 attach isolated 248:255 arg2 strain 213:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain 141:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain 141:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 2 66 theme bacterial 203:211 arg1 strain 213:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain 141:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain 141:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 28475026 4 67 theme DNA 687:689 arg1 values 703:708 the DNA relatedness values 683:708 the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species 683:764 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 13 68 theme B-65388T=DSM 1733:1744 arg1 101595T 1746:1752 =NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T 1727:1752 =NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T 1727:1752 The type strain for this proposed species is ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T). 28475026 13 68 theme B-65388T=DSM 1733:1744 arg1 ISSFR-015T 1715:1724 ISSFR-015T 1715:1724 ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T) 1715:1753 The type strain for this proposed species is ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T). 28475026 11 69 theme Solibacillus 1627:1638 arg1 sp 1648:1649 the name Solibacillus kalamii sp 1618:1649 the name Solibacillus kalamii sp 1618:1649 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 4 70 theme 9127T 885:889 arg1 range 778:782 the range 774:782 the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %) 774:896 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 13 71 theme proposed 1695:1702 arg1 species 1704:1710 this proposed species 1690:1710 this proposed species 1690:1710 The type strain for this proposed species is ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T). 28475026 7 72 theme polar 1034:1038 arg1 profile 1046:1052 The polar lipid profile 1030:1052 The polar lipid profile 1030:1052 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unknown phospholipid. 28475026 1 73 theme particulate 63:73 arg1 system 93:98 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system 45:98 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station 45:138 nov., isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station. 28475026 0 74 theme kalamii 13:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Solibacillus kalamii sp 0:22 Solibacillus kalamii sp. 0:23 Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 8 75 from ISSFR-015T 1227:1236 arg1 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). 28475026 1 76 theme filter 86:91 arg1 system 93:98 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system 45:98 a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station 45:138 nov., isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station. 28475026 13 77 theme type 1674:1677 arg1 strain 1679:1684 The type strain 1670:1684 The type strain for this proposed species 1670:1710 The type strain for this proposed species is ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T). 28475026 13 77 theme type 1674:1677 arg1 ISSFR-015T 1715:1724 ISSFR-015T 1715:1724 ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T) 1715:1753 The type strain for this proposed species is ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T). 28475026 6 78 theme major 960:964 arg1 acids 972:976 The major fatty acids 956:976 The major fatty acids 956:976 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.2 %) and C17 : 1ω10c (12.1 %). 28475026 6 78 theme major 960:964 arg1 iso-C15  983:990 iso-C15  983:990 iso-C15  983:990 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.2 %) and C17 : 1ω10c (12.1 %). 28475026 3 79 theme highest 482:488 arg1 similarity 490:499 highest similarity 482:499 highest similarity 482:499 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 5 80 theme strain 923:928 arg1 ISSFR-015T 930:939 strain ISSFR-015T 923:939 strain ISSFR-015T 923:939 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T was 45.4 mol%. 28475026 3 81 theme sequence 435:442 arg1 analysis 405:412 A comparative analysis 391:412 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T 391:473 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 11 82 theme chemotaxonomic 1523:1536 arg1 analysis 1538:1545 the chemotaxonomic analysis 1519:1545 the chemotaxonomic analysis 1519:1545 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 4 83 theme [S. 795:797 arg1 10789T 814:819 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T 787:819 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %) 787:826 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 83 theme [S. 795:797 arg1 % 825:825 47 % 822:825 47 % 822:825 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 3 84 theme ISSFR-015T 464:473 arg1 1494 bp 445:451 1494 bp 445:451 1494 bp 445:451 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 3 84 theme ISSFR-015T 464:473 arg1 sequence 435:442 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:442 the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T 417:473 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 3 85 theme rRNA 425:428 arg1 1494 bp 445:451 1494 bp 445:451 1494 bp 445:451 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 3 85 theme rRNA 425:428 arg1 sequence 435:442 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:442 the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T 417:473 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 4 86 with ISSFR-015T 720:729 arg1 species 758:764 other closely related species 736:764 other closely related species 736:764 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 4 87 theme 10789T 814:819 arg1 range 778:782 the range 774:782 the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %) 774:896 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 7 88 contain contained 1054:1062 arg1 profile 1046:1052 The polar lipid profile 1030:1052 The polar lipid profile 1030:1052 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unknown phospholipid. 28475026 7 88 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1088:1107 phosphatidylglycerol 1088:1107 phosphatidylglycerol 1088:1107 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unknown phospholipid. 28475026 7 88 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 phospholipid 1171:1182 one unknown phospholipid 1159:1182 one unknown phospholipid 1159:1182 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unknown phospholipid. 28475026 7 88 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 1110:1133 phosphatidylethanolamine 1110:1133 phosphatidylethanolamine 1110:1133 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unknown phospholipid. 28475026 7 88 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1064:1085 diphosphatidylglycerol 1064:1085 diphosphatidylglycerol 1064:1085 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unknown phospholipid. 28475026 7 88 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 phosphatidylserine 1136:1153 phosphatidylserine 1136:1153 phosphatidylserine 1136:1153 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unknown phospholipid. 28475026 3 89 theme isronensis 517:526 arg1 B3W22T 528:533 Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T 504:533 Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %) 504:542 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 3 89 theme isronensis 517:526 arg1 % 541:541 98.9 % 536:541 98.9 % 536:541 A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). 28475026 5 90 theme DNA 904:906 arg1 content 912:918 The DNA G+C content 900:918 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T 900:939 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T was 45.4 mol%. 28475026 5 90 theme DNA 904:906 arg1 % 953:953 45.4 mol% 945:953 45.4 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T was 45.4 mol%. 28475026 11 91 theme strain 1562:1567 arg1 ISSFR-015T 1569:1578 strain ISSFR-015T 1562:1578 strain ISSFR-015T 1562:1578 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 11 92 theme DNA-DNA 1485:1491 arg1 values 1507:1512 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1481:1512 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1481:1512 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28475026 4 93 theme 41-47  787:792 arg1 % 793:793 % 793:793 % 793:793 DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. 28475026 11 94 theme polyphasic 1444:1453 arg1 data 1465:1468 The polyphasic taxonomic data 1440:1468 The polyphasic taxonomic data 1440:1468 The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. 28546799 10 0 from resistance 1769:1778 arg1 cancer 1791:1796 ovarian cancer 1783:1796 ovarian cancer 1783:1796 These glycans represent potential biomarkers and might be involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. 28546799 6 1 theme RESULTS 897:903 arg1 cell 914:917 RESULTS A2780-cp cell 897:917 RESULTS A2780-cp cell 897:917 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 7 2 from cells 1280:1284 arg1 evident 1256:1262 evident 1256:1262 evident 1256:1262 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 7 3 theme B4galt2 1183:1189 arg1 expression 1147:1156 increased expression 1137:1156 increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 1137:1222 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 9 4 theme gene 1439:1442 arg1 analyses 1455:1462 gene expression analyses 1439:1462 gene expression analyses 1439:1462 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 9 5 theme α1-2 1583:1586 arg1 gal 1588:1590 gal β1-4 1588:1595 gal β1-4 1588:1595 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 9 5 theme α1-2 1583:1586 arg1 GlcNAc 1598:1603 Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc 1579:1603 Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc 1579:1603 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 0 6 theme Lectin 0:5 arg1 array 7:11 Lectin array 0:11 Lectin array 0:11 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 3 7 theme cancer 570:575 arg1 METHODS 543:549 METHODS 543:549 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 543:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 3 7 theme cancer 570:575 arg1 line 582:585 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 6 8 theme culinaris 958:966 arg1 intensities 1048:1058 weaker intensities 1041:1058 weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins 1041:1090 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 6 8 theme culinaris 958:966 arg1 intensities 938:948 stronger intensities 929:948 stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) 929:1035 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 1 9 from cause 259:263 arg1 malignancies 204:215 the most lethal gynecological malignancies 174:215 the most lethal gynecological malignancies 174:215 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 3 10 theme serous 555:560 arg1 METHODS 543:549 METHODS 543:549 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 543:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 3 10 theme serous 555:560 arg1 line 582:585 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 1 11 theme gynecological 190:202 arg1 malignancies 204:215 the most lethal gynecological malignancies 174:215 the most lethal gynecological malignancies 174:215 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 4 12 gly glycosylation 718:730 arg1 lines 757:761 the two cell lines 744:761 the two cell lines 744:761 We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. 28546799 7 13 theme array 1113:1117 arg1 analysis 1119:1126 The gene expression array analysis 1093:1126 The gene expression array analysis 1093:1126 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 6 14 theme stronger 929:936 arg1 intensities 938:948 stronger intensities 929:948 stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) 929:1035 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 9 15 theme sialic 1621:1626 arg1 structures 1628:1637 α2-6-linked sialic structures 1609:1637 α2-6-linked sialic structures 1609:1637 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 6 16 theme nigra 1072:1076 arg1 SNA 1079:1081 SNA 1079:1081 SNA 1079:1081 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 6 16 theme nigra 1072:1076 arg1 lectins 1084:1090 Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins 1063:1090 Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins 1063:1090 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 10 17 theme potential 1701:1709 arg1 biomarkers 1711:1720 potential biomarkers 1701:1720 potential biomarkers 1701:1720 These glycans represent potential biomarkers and might be involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. 28546799 4 18 theme glycosylation 718:730 arg1 patterns 732:739 the glycosylation patterns 714:739 the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes 714:838 We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. 28546799 3 19 dep METHODS 543:549 arg1 METHODS 543:549 METHODS 543:549 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 543:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 3 19 dep METHODS 543:549 arg1 line 582:585 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 3 19 dep METHODS 543:549 arg1 A2780-cp 632:639 its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 597:639 its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 597:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 6 20 dep culinaris 958:966 arg1 ConA 996:999 ConA 996:999 ConA 996:999 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 6 20 dep culinaris 958:966 arg1 ensiformis 984:993 Canavalia ensiformis 974:993 Canavalia ensiformis (ConA) 974:1000 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 4 21 theme lectin 681:686 arg1 analysis 694:701 a lectin array analysis 679:701 a lectin array analysis 679:701 We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. 28546799 0 22 theme cancer 58:63 arg1 line 70:73 ovarian cancer cell line A2780 50:79 ovarian cancer cell line A2780 50:79 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 3 23 theme platinum-resistant 601:618 arg1 METHODS 543:549 METHODS 543:549 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 543:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 3 23 theme platinum-resistant 601:618 arg1 A2780-cp 632:639 its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 597:639 its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 597:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 1 24 theme Ovarian 149:155 arg1 cancer 157:162 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 138:162 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 138:162 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 2 25 theme drug 469:472 arg1 resistance 474:483 cancer cell drug resistance 457:483 cancer cell drug resistance 457:483 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 28546799 0 26 theme line 70:73 arg1 analyses 38:45 glycogene expression analyses 17:45 glycogene expression analyses 17:45 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 0 26 theme line 70:73 arg1 array 7:11 Lectin array 0:11 Lectin array 0:11 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 5 27 theme lectin 883:888 arg1 blots 890:894 lectin blots 883:894 lectin blots 883:894 Furthermore, the results were verified by lectin blots. 28546799 4 28 theme lines 757:761 arg1 patterns 732:739 the glycosylation patterns 714:739 the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes 714:838 We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. 28546799 9 29 theme lectin 1428:1433 arg1 combination 1409:1419 The combination 1405:1419 The combination of the lectin 1405:1433 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 9 29 theme lectin 1428:1433 arg1 analyses 1455:1462 gene expression analyses 1439:1462 gene expression analyses 1439:1462 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 2 30 theme potential 497:505 arg1 biomarkers 507:516 potential biomarkers 497:516 potential biomarkers 497:516 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 28546799 0 31 theme cisplatin-resistant 89:107 arg1 line 123:126 its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line 85:126 its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp 85:135 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 9 32 theme expression 1444:1453 arg1 analyses 1455:1462 gene expression analyses 1439:1462 gene expression analyses 1439:1462 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 0 33 theme cell 65:68 arg1 line 70:73 ovarian cancer cell line A2780 50:79 ovarian cancer cell line A2780 50:79 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 7 34 theme increased 1137:1145 arg1 expression 1147:1156 increased expression 1137:1156 increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 1137:1222 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 9 35 theme core 1490:1493 arg1 fucosylation 1495:1506 core fucosylation 1490:1506 core fucosylation 1490:1506 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 1 36 theme relapse 272:278 arg1 resistance 236:245 platinum resistance 227:245 platinum resistance 227:245 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 1 36 theme relapse 272:278 arg1 cause 259:263 a common cause 250:263 a common cause of its relapse and death 250:288 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 6 37 theme esculentum 1020:1029 arg1 intensities 1048:1058 weaker intensities 1041:1058 weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins 1041:1090 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 6 37 theme esculentum 1020:1029 arg1 intensities 938:948 stronger intensities 929:948 stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) 929:1035 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 2 38 theme cancer 457:462 arg1 resistance 474:483 cancer cell drug resistance 457:483 cancer cell drug resistance 457:483 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 28546799 10 39 theme drug 1764:1767 arg1 resistance 1769:1778 drug resistance 1764:1778 drug resistance in ovarian cancer 1764:1796 These glycans represent potential biomarkers and might be involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. 28546799 2 40 theme ovarian 383:389 arg1 cancer 391:396 ovarian cancer 383:396 ovarian cancer 383:396 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 28546799 0 41 theme expression 27:36 arg1 analyses 38:45 glycogene expression analyses 17:45 glycogene expression analyses 17:45 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 1 42 theme death 284:288 arg1 resistance 236:245 platinum resistance 227:245 platinum resistance 227:245 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 1 42 theme death 284:288 arg1 cause 259:263 a common cause 250:263 a common cause of its relapse and death 250:288 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 7 43 theme expression 1102:1111 arg1 analysis 1119:1126 The gene expression array analysis 1093:1126 The gene expression array analysis 1093:1126 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 2 44 theme mechanisms 435:444 arg1 understanding 414:426 our understanding 410:426 our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance 410:483 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 28546799 7 45 theme ST6GalNAc 1228:1236 arg1 expression 1240:1249 ST6GalNAc 6 expression 1228:1249 ST6GalNAc 6 expression 1228:1249 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 4 46 theme expression 771:780 arg1 array 782:786 a gene expression array 764:786 a gene expression array 764:786 We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. 28546799 9 47 theme A2780-cp 1546:1553 arg1 cells 1555:1559 the A2780-cp cells 1542:1559 the A2780-cp cells 1542:1559 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 7 48 theme Fut1 1219:1222 arg1 Fut8 1161:1164 Fut8 1161:1164 Fut8 1161:1164 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 7 48 theme Fut1 1219:1222 arg1 B4galt2 1183:1189 B4galt2 1183:1189 B4galt2 1183:1189 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 7 48 theme Fut1 1219:1222 arg1 expression 1205:1214 decreased expression 1195:1214 decreased expression of Fut1 1195:1222 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 7 48 theme Fut1 1219:1222 arg1 B3gnt5 1175:1180 B3gnt5 1175:1180 B3gnt5 1175:1180 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 7 48 theme Fut1 1219:1222 arg1 B3gnt4 1167:1172 B3gnt4 1167:1172 B3gnt4 1167:1172 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 2 49 gly Glycosylation 291:303 arg1 resistance 346:355 drug resistance 341:355 drug resistance 341:355 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 28546799 1 50 theme platinum 227:234 arg1 resistance 236:245 platinum resistance 227:245 platinum resistance 227:245 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 1 50 theme platinum 227:234 arg1 cause 259:263 a common cause 250:263 a common cause of its relapse and death 250:288 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 10 51 from mechanism 1751:1759 arg1 cancer 1791:1796 ovarian cancer 1783:1796 ovarian cancer 1783:1796 These glycans represent potential biomarkers and might be involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. 28546799 6 52 theme A2780-cp 905:912 arg1 cell 914:917 RESULTS A2780-cp cell 897:917 RESULTS A2780-cp cell 897:917 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 7 53 theme expression 1205:1214 arg1 expression 1147:1156 increased expression 1137:1156 increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 1137:1222 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 9 54 theme A2780-cp 1661:1668 arg1 cells 1670:1674 the A2780-cp cells 1657:1674 the A2780-cp cells 1657:1674 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 8 55 from differences 1317:1327 arg1 ConA 1337:1340 ConA 1337:1340 ConA 1337:1340 The lectin blot confirmed the differences in LCA, ConA, SNA and LEL between the A2780 and A2780-cp cells. 28546799 8 55 from differences 1317:1327 arg1 LCA 1332:1334 LCA 1332:1334 LCA 1332:1334 The lectin blot confirmed the differences in LCA, ConA, SNA and LEL between the A2780 and A2780-cp cells. 28546799 8 55 from differences 1317:1327 arg1 LEL 1351:1353 LEL 1351:1353 LEL 1351:1353 The lectin blot confirmed the differences in LCA, ConA, SNA and LEL between the A2780 and A2780-cp cells. 28546799 8 55 from differences 1317:1327 arg1 SNA 1343:1345 SNA 1343:1345 SNA 1343:1345 The lectin blot confirmed the differences in LCA, ConA, SNA and LEL between the A2780 and A2780-cp cells. 28546799 1 56 theme common 252:257 arg1 resistance 236:245 platinum resistance 227:245 platinum resistance 227:245 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 1 56 theme common 252:257 arg1 cause 259:263 a common cause 250:263 a common cause of its relapse and death 250:288 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 9 57 theme Fuc 1579:1581 arg1 gal 1588:1590 gal β1-4 1588:1595 gal β1-4 1588:1595 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 9 57 theme Fuc 1579:1581 arg1 GlcNAc 1598:1603 Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc 1579:1603 Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc 1579:1603 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 4 58 dep lines 757:761 arg1 employed 792:799 employed 792:799 was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes 788:838 We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. 28546799 10 59 from cancer 1791:1796 arg1 mechanism 1751:1759 the mechanism 1747:1759 the mechanism of drug resistance in ovarian cancer 1747:1796 These glycans represent potential biomarkers and might be involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. 28546799 3 60 theme ovarian 562:568 arg1 METHODS 543:549 METHODS 543:549 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 543:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 3 60 theme ovarian 562:568 arg1 line 582:585 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 0 61 theme line 123:126 arg1 analyses 38:45 glycogene expression analyses 17:45 glycogene expression analyses 17:45 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 0 61 theme line 123:126 arg1 array 7:11 Lectin array 0:11 Lectin array 0:11 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 1 62 theme lethal 183:188 arg1 malignancies 204:215 the most lethal gynecological malignancies 174:215 the most lethal gynecological malignancies 174:215 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 9 63 theme GlcNAc 1598:1603 arg1 levels 1569:1574 the levels 1565:1574 the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures 1565:1637 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 8 64 theme A2780 1367:1371 arg1 cells 1386:1390 the A2780 and A2780-cp cells 1363:1390 cells 1386:1390 The lectin blot confirmed the differences in LCA, ConA, SNA and LEL between the A2780 and A2780-cp cells. 28546799 1 65 theme malignancies 204:215 arg1 one 167:169 one 167:169 one 167:169 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 1 65 theme malignancies 204:215 arg1 malignancies 204:215 the most lethal gynecological malignancies 174:215 the most lethal gynecological malignancies 174:215 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 2 66 theme therapeutic 522:532 arg1 targets 534:540 therapeutic targets 522:540 therapeutic targets 522:540 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 28546799 8 67 theme A2780-cp 1377:1384 arg1 cells 1386:1390 the A2780 and A2780-cp cells 1363:1390 cells 1386:1390 The lectin blot confirmed the differences in LCA, ConA, SNA and LEL between the A2780 and A2780-cp cells. 28546799 0 68 theme cell 118:121 arg1 line 123:126 its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line 85:126 its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp 85:135 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 3 69 theme cell 577:580 arg1 METHODS 543:549 METHODS 543:549 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 543:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 3 69 theme cell 577:580 arg1 line 582:585 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 9 70 theme structures 1628:1637 arg1 levels 1569:1574 the levels 1565:1574 the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures 1565:1637 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 9 71 link α2-6-linked 1609:1619 arg1 structures 1628:1637 α2-6-linked sialic structures 1609:1637 α2-6-linked sialic structures 1609:1637 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 9 72 dep CONCLUSIONS 1393:1403 arg1 showed 1464:1469 showed 1464:1469 showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells 1464:1674 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 3 73 theme counterpart 620:630 arg1 METHODS 543:549 METHODS 543:549 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 543:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 3 73 theme counterpart 620:630 arg1 A2780-cp 632:639 its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 597:639 its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 597:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 7 74 theme B3gnt5 1175:1180 arg1 expression 1147:1156 increased expression 1137:1156 increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 1137:1222 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 1 75 theme BACKGROUND 138:147 arg1 cancer 157:162 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 138:162 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 138:162 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. 28546799 7 76 theme B3gnt4 1167:1172 arg1 expression 1147:1156 increased expression 1137:1156 increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 1137:1222 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 0 77 dep line 123:126 arg1 A2780-cp 128:135 A2780-cp 128:135 its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp 85:135 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 2 78 theme cell 464:467 arg1 resistance 474:483 cancer cell drug resistance 457:483 cancer cell drug resistance 457:483 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 28546799 4 79 theme array 688:692 arg1 analysis 694:701 a lectin array analysis 679:701 a lectin array analysis 679:701 We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. 28546799 7 80 theme Fut8 1161:1164 arg1 expression 1147:1156 increased expression 1137:1156 increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 1137:1222 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 4 81 theme cell 752:755 arg1 lines 757:761 the two cell lines 744:761 the two cell lines 744:761 We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. 28546799 0 82 theme derivate 109:116 arg1 line 123:126 its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line 85:126 its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp 85:135 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 7 83 theme A2780-cp 1271:1278 arg1 cells 1280:1284 the A2780-cp cells 1267:1284 the A2780-cp cells 1267:1284 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 8 84 theme lectin 1291:1296 arg1 blot 1298:1301 The lectin blot 1287:1301 The lectin blot 1287:1301 The lectin blot confirmed the differences in LCA, ConA, SNA and LEL between the A2780 and A2780-cp cells. 28546799 2 85 theme glycomic 362:369 arg1 analyses 371:378 glycomic analyses 362:378 glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer 362:396 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 28546799 4 86 from differences 814:824 arg1 glycogenes 829:838 glycogenes 829:838 glycogenes 829:838 We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. 28546799 3 87 used used 646:649 arg2 A2780-cp 632:639 its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 597:639 its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 597:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 3 87 used used 646:649 arg2 METHODS 543:549 METHODS 543:549 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp 543:639 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 3 87 used used 646:649 arg2 line 582:585 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 555:591 METHODS The serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. 28546799 0 88 theme glycogene 17:25 arg1 analyses 38:45 glycogene expression analyses 17:45 glycogene expression analyses 17:45 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 9 89 theme fucosylation 1495:1506 arg1 levels 1480:1485 the levels 1476:1485 the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc 1476:1522 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 10 90 theme resistance 1769:1778 arg1 mechanism 1751:1759 the mechanism 1747:1759 the mechanism of drug resistance in ovarian cancer 1747:1796 These glycans represent potential biomarkers and might be involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. 28546799 2 91 theme cancer 391:396 arg1 analyses 371:378 glycomic analyses 362:378 glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer 362:396 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 28546799 7 92 theme gene 1097:1100 arg1 analysis 1119:1126 The gene expression array analysis 1093:1126 The gene expression array analysis 1093:1126 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 9 93 theme poly-LacNAc 1512:1522 arg1 levels 1480:1485 the levels 1476:1485 the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc 1476:1522 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 6 94 theme weaker 1041:1046 arg1 intensities 1048:1058 weaker intensities 1041:1058 weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins 1041:1090 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 0 95 theme ovarian 50:56 arg1 line 70:73 ovarian cancer cell line A2780 50:79 ovarian cancer cell line A2780 50:79 Lectin array and glycogene expression analyses of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivate cell line A2780-cp. 28546799 6 96 theme lectins 1084:1090 arg1 intensities 1048:1058 weaker intensities 1041:1058 weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins 1041:1090 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 6 96 theme lectins 1084:1090 arg1 intensities 938:948 stronger intensities 929:948 stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) 929:1035 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 9 97 theme α2-6-linked 1609:1619 arg1 structures 1628:1637 α2-6-linked sialic structures 1609:1637 α2-6-linked sialic structures 1609:1637 CONCLUSIONS The combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 7 98 from evident 1256:1262 arg1 cells 1280:1284 the A2780-cp cells 1267:1284 the A2780-cp cells 1267:1284 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 10 99 theme ovarian 1783:1789 arg1 cancer 1791:1796 ovarian cancer 1783:1796 ovarian cancer 1783:1796 These glycans represent potential biomarkers and might be involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. 28546799 4 100 theme gene 766:769 arg1 array 782:786 a gene expression array 764:786 a gene expression array 764:786 We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. 28546799 6 101 theme Sambucus 1063:1070 arg1 SNA 1079:1081 SNA 1079:1081 SNA 1079:1081 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 6 101 theme Sambucus 1063:1070 arg1 lectins 1084:1090 Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins 1063:1090 Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins 1063:1090 RESULTS A2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. 28546799 7 102 theme decreased 1195:1203 arg1 expression 1205:1214 decreased expression 1195:1214 decreased expression of Fut1 1195:1222 The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. 28546799 2 103 theme drug 341:344 arg1 resistance 346:355 drug resistance 341:355 drug resistance 341:355 Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 25570849 5 0 theme enhanced 775:782 arg1 properties 795:804 enhanced mechanical properties 775:804 enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 775:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 3 1 dep phosphate 397:405 arg1 cements 407:413 cements 407:413 cements 407:413 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are unique in their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salts into hydroxyapatite (HA) and hence is naturally osteoconductive. 25570849 5 2 theme mechanical 784:793 arg1 properties 795:804 enhanced mechanical properties 775:804 enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 775:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 3 3 from unique 426:431 arg1 ability 442:448 their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salts into hydroxyapatite (HA) and hence is naturally osteoconductive 436:555 their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salts into hydroxyapatite (HA) and hence is naturally osteoconductive 436:555 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are unique in their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salts into hydroxyapatite (HA) and hence is naturally osteoconductive. 25570849 5 4 theme antibiotic-doped 725:740 arg1 composite 760:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite 709:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 709:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 2 5 theme PMMA 354:357 arg1 cement 365:370 current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement 322:370 current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement 322:370 Preventing post-surgical infections is therefore a critical need that current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement fail to address. 25570849 3 6 theme Calcium 389:395 arg1 phosphate 397:405 Calcium phosphate cements 389:413 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) 389:420 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are unique in their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salts into hydroxyapatite (HA) and hence is naturally osteoconductive. 25570849 3 6 theme Calcium 389:395 arg1 CPCs 416:419 CPCs 416:419 CPCs 416:419 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are unique in their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salts into hydroxyapatite (HA) and hence is naturally osteoconductive. 25570849 5 7 theme nanotube 747:754 arg1 composite 760:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite 709:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 709:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 2 8 theme critical 303:310 arg1 need 312:315 a critical need 301:315 a critical need that current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement fail to address 301:386 Preventing post-surgical infections is therefore a critical need that current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement fail to address. 25570849 4 9 theme bearing 660:666 arg1 applications 668:679 non-load bearing applications 651:679 non-load bearing applications 651:679 Due to its low mechanical strength its use in implant fixation and bone repair is limited to non-load bearing applications. 25570849 5 10 theme CPC 756:758 arg1 composite 760:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite 709:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 709:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 1 11 theme dental 184:189 arg1 surgeries 214:222 dental and orthopedic implant surgeries 184:222 dental and orthopedic implant surgeries 184:222 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 5 12 theme sustained 817:825 arg1 properties 835:844 sustained release properties 817:844 enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 775:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 1 13 theme Post-operative 87:100 arg1 complications 102:114 Post-operative complications 87:114 Post-operative complications due to infections 87:132 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 1 13 theme Post-operative 87:100 arg1 problems 154:161 the most common problems 138:161 the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures 138:249 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 5 14 theme release 827:833 arg1 properties 835:844 sustained release properties 817:844 enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 775:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 1 15 theme orthopedic 195:204 arg1 surgeries 214:222 dental and orthopedic implant surgeries 184:222 dental and orthopedic implant surgeries 184:222 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 2 16 theme polymethylmethacrylate 330:351 arg1 cement 365:370 current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement 322:370 current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement 322:370 Preventing post-surgical infections is therefore a critical need that current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement fail to address. 25570849 1 17 theme implant 206:212 arg1 surgeries 214:222 dental and orthopedic implant surgeries 184:222 dental and orthopedic implant surgeries 184:222 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 3 18 from ability 442:448 arg1 unique 426:431 unique 426:431 unique 426:431 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are unique in their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salts into hydroxyapatite (HA) and hence is naturally osteoconductive. 25570849 4 19 theme mechanical 573:582 arg1 strength 584:591 its low mechanical strength 565:591 its low mechanical strength 565:591 Due to its low mechanical strength its use in implant fixation and bone repair is limited to non-load bearing applications. 25570849 5 20 theme new 711:713 arg1 composite 760:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite 709:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 709:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 2 21 theme current 322:328 arg1 cement 365:370 current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement 322:370 current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement 322:370 Preventing post-surgical infections is therefore a critical need that current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement fail to address. 25570849 0 22 theme nanoenhanced 27:38 arg1 bone 73:76 a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone 25:76 a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone 25:76 Design and evaluation of a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone cements. 25570849 4 23 theme low 569:571 arg1 strength 584:591 its low mechanical strength 565:591 its low mechanical strength 565:591 Due to its low mechanical strength its use in implant fixation and bone repair is limited to non-load bearing applications. 25570849 3 24 theme calcium 465:471 arg1 salts 487:491 calcium and phosphate salts 465:491 calcium and phosphate salts 465:491 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are unique in their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salts into hydroxyapatite (HA) and hence is naturally osteoconductive. 25570849 5 25 theme novel 719:723 arg1 composite 760:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite 709:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 709:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 5 26 theme clay 742:745 arg1 composite 760:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite 709:768 a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 709:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 1 27 theme bone 228:231 arg1 procedures 240:249 bone repair procedures 228:249 bone repair procedures 228:249 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 0 28 theme calcium 55:61 arg1 bone 73:76 a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone 25:76 a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone 25:76 Design and evaluation of a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone cements. 25570849 0 29 theme anti-infective 40:53 arg1 bone 73:76 a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone 25:76 a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone 25:76 Design and evaluation of a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone cements. 25570849 5 30 theme present 686:692 arg1 work 694:697 The present work 682:697 The present work 682:697 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 2 31 theme bone 360:363 arg1 cement 365:370 current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement 322:370 current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement 322:370 Preventing post-surgical infections is therefore a critical need that current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement fail to address. 25570849 1 32 theme due 116:118 arg1 complications 102:114 Post-operative complications 87:114 Post-operative complications due to infections 87:132 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 1 32 theme due 116:118 arg1 problems 154:161 the most common problems 138:161 the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures 138:249 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 1 33 theme repair 233:238 arg1 procedures 240:249 bone repair procedures 228:249 bone repair procedures 228:249 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 4 34 theme implant 604:610 arg1 fixation 612:619 implant fixation 604:619 implant fixation 604:619 Due to its low mechanical strength its use in implant fixation and bone repair is limited to non-load bearing applications. 25570849 0 35 theme bone 73:76 arg1 evaluation 11:20 evaluation 11:20 evaluation 11:20 Design and evaluation of a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone cements. 25570849 0 35 theme bone 73:76 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design and evaluation of a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone cements. 25570849 5 36 with composite 760:768 arg1 properties 795:804 enhanced mechanical properties 775:804 enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 775:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 5 36 with composite 760:768 arg1 properties 835:844 sustained release properties 817:844 enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties 775:844 The present work describes a new and novel antibiotic-doped clay nanotube CPC composite with enhanced mechanical properties as well as sustained release properties. 25570849 3 37 theme phosphate 477:485 arg1 salts 487:491 calcium and phosphate salts 465:491 calcium and phosphate salts 465:491 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are unique in their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate salts into hydroxyapatite (HA) and hence is naturally osteoconductive. 25570849 1 38 theme common 147:152 arg1 problems 154:161 the most common problems 138:161 the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures 138:249 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 1 38 theme common 147:152 arg1 complications 102:114 Post-operative complications 87:114 Post-operative complications due to infections 87:132 Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. 25570849 4 39 theme non-load 651:658 arg1 applications 668:679 non-load bearing applications 651:679 non-load bearing applications 651:679 Due to its low mechanical strength its use in implant fixation and bone repair is limited to non-load bearing applications. 25570849 4 40 theme bone 625:628 arg1 repair 630:635 bone repair 625:635 bone repair 625:635 Due to its low mechanical strength its use in implant fixation and bone repair is limited to non-load bearing applications. 25570849 0 41 theme phosphate 63:71 arg1 bone 73:76 a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone 25:76 a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone 25:76 Design and evaluation of a nanoenhanced anti-infective calcium phosphate bone cements. 25570849 2 42 theme post-surgical 263:275 arg1 infections 277:286 post-surgical infections 263:286 post-surgical infections 263:286 Preventing post-surgical infections is therefore a critical need that current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement fail to address. 25570849 4 43 from use 597:599 arg1 fixation 612:619 implant fixation 604:619 implant fixation 604:619 Due to its low mechanical strength its use in implant fixation and bone repair is limited to non-load bearing applications. 25570849 4 43 from use 597:599 arg1 repair 630:635 bone repair 625:635 bone repair 625:635 Due to its low mechanical strength its use in implant fixation and bone repair is limited to non-load bearing applications. 27290629 6 0 theme wide 1205:1208 arg1 range 1210:1214 a wide range 1203:1214 a wide range of times and concentrations 1203:1242 Different drug amounts loaded and microcapsules compositions assured a controlled drug release over a wide range of times and concentrations, as in vitro monitored in PBS medium at 37°C for 15/20 days. 27290629 1 1 theme poly-lactic-co-glycolic 303:325 arg1 microcapsules 354:366 chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules 286:366 chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 286:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 7 2 theme chitosan 1380:1387 arg1 coating 1389:1395 chitosan coating 1380:1395 chitosan coating 1380:1395 HA embedded into the biopolymer structure delayed the THA release profile; chitosan coating strongly reduced the initial drug "burst" release. 27290629 8 3 theme different 1518:1526 arg1 solubility 1534:1543 very different water solubility 1513:1543 very different water solubility 1513:1543 In addition, the coencapsulation of both THA and Gen, which have very different water solubility, accelerated the release profile of the less water-soluble drug. 27290629 2 4 used used 490:493 arg2 formulations 470:481 These formulations 464:481 These formulations 464:481 These formulations can be used for locally bone pathologies treatment or in complex fracture healing of aged patients. 27290629 11 5 theme cm 1830:1831 arg1 s 1835:1835 cm(2)s(-1) 1830:1839 cm(2)s(-1) 1830:1839 In the case of Gen, D ranged between 2.9 × 10(-8) and 1.6 × 10(-9) cm(2)s(-1) if the drug was entrapped in simple PLGA or in the chitosan-coated microcapsules, respectively. 27290629 11 6 theme chitosan-coated 1892:1906 arg1 microcapsules 1908:1920 the chitosan-coated microcapsules 1888:1920 the chitosan-coated microcapsules 1888:1920 In the case of Gen, D ranged between 2.9 × 10(-8) and 1.6 × 10(-9) cm(2)s(-1) if the drug was entrapped in simple PLGA or in the chitosan-coated microcapsules, respectively. 27290629 5 7 dep 90 1008:1009 arg1 to 1005:1006 to 1005:1006 to 1005:1006 SEE-fabricated microcapsules showed good encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) for all the drugs tested and a mean size ranging between 1.4 (±0.4) μm and 2.2 (±0.5) μm. 27290629 3 8 theme PLGA 778:781 arg1 mg/g 801:804 up to 24 mg/g 792:804 up to 24 mg/g 792:804 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 3 8 theme PLGA 778:781 arg1 matrix 784:789 a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix 746:789 a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) 746:805 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 6 9 theme drug 1185:1188 arg1 release 1190:1196 a controlled drug release 1172:1196 a controlled drug release 1172:1196 Different drug amounts loaded and microcapsules compositions assured a controlled drug release over a wide range of times and concentrations, as in vitro monitored in PBS medium at 37°C for 15/20 days. 27290629 8 10 theme drug 1604:1607 arg1 profile 1570:1576 the release profile 1558:1576 the release profile of the less water-soluble drug 1558:1607 In addition, the coencapsulation of both THA and Gen, which have very different water solubility, accelerated the release profile of the less water-soluble drug. 27290629 7 11 theme THA 1359:1361 arg1 profile 1371:1377 the THA release profile 1355:1377 the THA release profile 1355:1377 HA embedded into the biopolymer structure delayed the THA release profile; chitosan coating strongly reduced the initial drug "burst" release. 27290629 3 12 theme w-o-w 628:632 arg1 emulsions 635:643 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions 583:643 emulsions 635:643 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 3 13 theme water-oil-water 611:625 arg1 emulsions 635:643 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions 583:643 emulsions 635:643 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 6 14 theme times 1219:1223 arg1 range 1210:1214 a wide range 1203:1214 a wide range of times and concentrations 1203:1242 Different drug amounts loaded and microcapsules compositions assured a controlled drug release over a wide range of times and concentrations, as in vitro monitored in PBS medium at 37°C for 15/20 days. 27290629 10 15 theme Apparent 1679:1686 arg1 diffusivities 1693:1705 Apparent drug diffusivities 1679:1705 Apparent drug diffusivities (D) 1679:1709 Apparent drug diffusivities (D) were calculated by fitting of the release profiles. 27290629 10 15 theme Apparent 1679:1686 arg1 D 1708:1708 D 1708:1708 D 1708:1708 Apparent drug diffusivities (D) were calculated by fitting of the release profiles. 27290629 9 16 theme drugs 1613:1617 arg1 degradation 1619:1629 No drugs degradation 1610:1629 No drugs degradation 1610:1629 No drugs degradation was also monitored after the SEE manufacturing. 27290629 13 17 theme transfer 2146:2153 arg1 values 2155:2160 These mass transfer values 2135:2160 These mass transfer values 2135:2160 These mass transfer values are consistent with the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE. 27290629 1 18 theme emulsion 191:198 arg1 extraction 200:209 Supercritical emulsion extraction 177:209 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) 177:215 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 1 18 theme emulsion 191:198 arg1 strategy 254:261 a green and effective strategy 232:261 a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 232:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 0 19 from Study 124:128 arg1 Release 168:174 Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release 133:174 Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release 133:174 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 27290629 6 20 theme drug 1113:1116 arg1 amounts 1118:1124 Different drug amounts 1103:1124 Different drug amounts loaded 1103:1131 Different drug amounts loaded and microcapsules compositions assured a controlled drug release over a wide range of times and concentrations, as in vitro monitored in PBS medium at 37°C for 15/20 days. 27290629 12 21 dep s 2030:2030 arg1 2 2028:2028 2 2028:2028 2 2028:2028 In the case of THA, the calculated values ranged between 8.1 × 10(-9) and 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) when the drug was entrapped in PLGA/HA microcapsules or in the chitosan-coated ones, respectively. 27290629 7 22 dep HA 1305:1306 arg1 embedded 1308:1315 embedded 1308:1315 embedded 1308:1315 HA embedded into the biopolymer structure delayed the THA release profile; chitosan coating strongly reduced the initial drug "burst" release. 27290629 2 23 theme fracture 548:555 arg1 healing 557:563 complex fracture healing 540:563 complex fracture healing of aged patients 540:580 These formulations can be used for locally bone pathologies treatment or in complex fracture healing of aged patients. 27290629 12 24 theme 7.4 × 2011:2015 arg1 s 2030:2030 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) 2011:2034 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) 2011:2034 In the case of THA, the calculated values ranged between 8.1 × 10(-9) and 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) when the drug was entrapped in PLGA/HA microcapsules or in the chitosan-coated ones, respectively. 27290629 6 25 dep assured 1164:1170 arg1 as 1245:1246 as 1245:1246 as 1245:1246 Different drug amounts loaded and microcapsules compositions assured a controlled drug release over a wide range of times and concentrations, as in vitro monitored in PBS medium at 37°C for 15/20 days. 27290629 3 26 dep 24 798:799 arg1 to 795:796 to 795:796 to 795:796 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 6 27 theme PBS 1270:1272 arg1 medium 1274:1279 PBS medium 1270:1279 PBS medium 1270:1279 Different drug amounts loaded and microcapsules compositions assured a controlled drug release over a wide range of times and concentrations, as in vitro monitored in PBS medium at 37°C for 15/20 days. 27290629 4 28 theme Chitosan 861:868 arg1 layer 919:923 external layer 910:923 external layer (0.4 μm) 910:932 Chitosan coating was also successfully added, as external layer (0.4 μm). 27290629 4 28 theme Chitosan 861:868 arg1 coating 870:876 Chitosan coating 861:876 Chitosan coating 861:876 Chitosan coating was also successfully added, as external layer (0.4 μm). 27290629 5 29 theme mean 1044:1047 arg1 size 1049:1052 a mean size 1042:1052 a mean size ranging between 1.4 (±0.4) μm and 2.2 (±0.5) μm 1042:1100 SEE-fabricated microcapsules showed good encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) for all the drugs tested and a mean size ranging between 1.4 (±0.4) μm and 2.2 (±0.5) μm. 27290629 3 30 dep 9 852:852 arg1 to 849:850 to 849:850 to 849:850 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 5 31 theme SEE-fabricated 935:948 arg1 microcapsules 950:962 SEE-fabricated microcapsules 935:962 SEE-fabricated microcapsules 935:962 SEE-fabricated microcapsules showed good encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) for all the drugs tested and a mean size ranging between 1.4 (±0.4) μm and 2.2 (±0.5) μm. 27290629 2 32 theme patients 573:580 arg1 healing 557:563 complex fracture healing 540:563 complex fracture healing of aged patients 540:580 These formulations can be used for locally bone pathologies treatment or in complex fracture healing of aged patients. 27290629 8 33 contain have 1508:1511 arg1 coencapsulation 1465:1479 the coencapsulation 1461:1479 the coencapsulation 1461:1479 In addition, the coencapsulation of both THA and Gen, which have very different water solubility, accelerated the release profile of the less water-soluble drug. 27290629 8 33 contain have 1508:1511 arg2 solubility 1534:1543 very different water solubility 1513:1543 very different water solubility 1513:1543 In addition, the coencapsulation of both THA and Gen, which have very different water solubility, accelerated the release profile of the less water-soluble drug. 27290629 0 34 theme Teriparatide/Gentamicin 133:155 arg1 Release 168:174 Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release 133:174 Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release 133:174 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 27290629 1 35 theme teriparatide/gentamicin 421:443 arg1 THA/Gen 454:460 THA/Gen 454:460 THA/Gen 454:460 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 1 35 theme teriparatide/gentamicin 421:443 arg1 sulfate 445:451 teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate 421:451 teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 421:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 13 36 theme mass 2141:2144 arg1 values 2155:2160 These mass transfer values 2135:2160 These mass transfer values 2135:2160 These mass transfer values are consistent with the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE. 27290629 2 37 theme bone 507:510 arg1 pathologies 512:522 locally bone pathologies 499:522 locally bone pathologies treatment 499:532 These formulations can be used for locally bone pathologies treatment or in complex fracture healing of aged patients. 27290629 13 38 theme fabrication 2285:2295 arg1 possibility 2241:2251 the possibility 2237:2251 the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication 2237:2295 These mass transfer values are consistent with the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE. 27290629 0 39 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 Microcapsules 40:52 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules 0:52 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 0:175 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 27290629 1 40 theme chi-PLGA 333:340 arg1 microcapsules 354:366 chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules 286:366 chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 286:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 12 41 theme chitosan-coated 2099:2113 arg1 ones 2115:2118 the chitosan-coated ones 2095:2118 the chitosan-coated ones 2095:2118 In the case of THA, the calculated values ranged between 8.1 × 10(-9) and 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) when the drug was entrapped in PLGA/HA microcapsules or in the chitosan-coated ones, respectively. 27290629 1 42 dep extraction 200:209 arg1 SEE 212:214 SEE 212:214 SEE 212:214 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 13 43 with consistent 2166:2175 arg1 behaviors 2204:2212 the different release behaviors 2182:2212 the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE 2182:2302 These mass transfer values are consistent with the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE. 27290629 1 44 theme injectable 343:352 arg1 microcapsules 354:366 chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules 286:366 chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 286:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 7 45 theme " 1437:1437 arg1 release 1439:1445 the initial drug "burst" release 1414:1445 the initial drug "burst" release 1414:1445 HA embedded into the biopolymer structure delayed the THA release profile; chitosan coating strongly reduced the initial drug "burst" release. 27290629 12 46 theme THA 1952:1954 arg1 case 1944:1947 the case 1940:1947 the case of THA 1940:1954 In the case of THA, the calculated values ranged between 8.1 × 10(-9) and 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) when the drug was entrapped in PLGA/HA microcapsules or in the chitosan-coated ones, respectively. 27290629 0 47 theme Emulsion 80:87 arg1 Technology 100:109 Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology 66:109 Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology 66:109 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 27290629 1 48 theme controlled 376:385 arg1 release 387:393 the controlled release 372:393 the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 372:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 7 49 theme initial 1418:1424 arg1 release 1439:1445 the initial drug "burst" release 1414:1445 the initial drug "burst" release 1414:1445 HA embedded into the biopolymer structure delayed the THA release profile; chitosan coating strongly reduced the initial drug "burst" release. 27290629 13 50 theme different 2186:2194 arg1 behaviors 2204:2212 the different release behaviors 2182:2212 the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE 2182:2302 These mass transfer values are consistent with the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE. 27290629 8 51 theme water 1528:1532 arg1 solubility 1534:1543 very different water solubility 1513:1543 very different water solubility 1513:1543 In addition, the coencapsulation of both THA and Gen, which have very different water solubility, accelerated the release profile of the less water-soluble drug. 27290629 5 52 theme encapsulation 976:988 arg1 efficiency 990:999 good encapsulation efficiency 971:999 good encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) for all the drugs tested and a mean size ranging between 1.4 (±0.4) μm and 2.2 (±0.5) μm 971:1100 SEE-fabricated microcapsules showed good encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) for all the drugs tested and a mean size ranging between 1.4 (±0.4) μm and 2.2 (±0.5) μm. 27290629 5 52 theme encapsulation 976:988 arg1 % 1010:1010 up to 90% 1002:1010 up to 90% 1002:1010 SEE-fabricated microcapsules showed good encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) for all the drugs tested and a mean size ranging between 1.4 (±0.4) μm and 2.2 (±0.5) μm. 27290629 8 53 theme THA 1489:1491 arg1 coencapsulation 1465:1479 the coencapsulation 1461:1479 the coencapsulation 1461:1479 In addition, the coencapsulation of both THA and Gen, which have very different water solubility, accelerated the release profile of the less water-soluble drug. 27290629 10 54 theme release 1745:1751 arg1 profiles 1753:1760 the release profiles 1741:1760 the release profiles 1741:1760 Apparent drug diffusivities (D) were calculated by fitting of the release profiles. 27290629 13 55 theme multicomponent 2256:2269 arg1 fabrication 2285:2295 multicomponent microcapsules fabrication 2256:2295 multicomponent microcapsules fabrication 2256:2295 These mass transfer values are consistent with the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE. 27290629 8 56 theme Gen 1497:1499 arg1 coencapsulation 1465:1479 the coencapsulation 1461:1479 the coencapsulation 1461:1479 In addition, the coencapsulation of both THA and Gen, which have very different water solubility, accelerated the release profile of the less water-soluble drug. 27290629 1 57 theme chitosan-covered 286:301 arg1 microcapsules 354:366 chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules 286:366 chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 286:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 13 58 theme release 2196:2202 arg1 behaviors 2204:2212 the different release behaviors 2182:2212 the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE 2182:2302 These mass transfer values are consistent with the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE. 27290629 3 59 theme poly-lactic-co-glycolic 748:770 arg1 mg/g 801:804 up to 24 mg/g 792:804 up to 24 mg/g 792:804 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 3 59 theme poly-lactic-co-glycolic 748:770 arg1 matrix 784:789 a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix 746:789 a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) 746:805 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 1 60 theme acid 327:330 arg1 microcapsules 354:366 chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules 286:366 chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 286:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 7 61 theme release 1363:1369 arg1 profile 1371:1377 the THA release profile 1355:1377 the THA release profile 1355:1377 HA embedded into the biopolymer structure delayed the THA release profile; chitosan coating strongly reduced the initial drug "burst" release. 27290629 11 62 theme simple 1870:1875 arg1 PLGA 1877:1880 simple PLGA 1870:1880 simple PLGA 1870:1880 In the case of Gen, D ranged between 2.9 × 10(-8) and 1.6 × 10(-9) cm(2)s(-1) if the drug was entrapped in simple PLGA or in the chitosan-coated microcapsules, respectively. 27290629 3 63 theme oil-water 591:599 arg1 o-w 602:604 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions 583:643 o-w 602:604 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 11 64 dep 2.9 × 1800:1804 arg1 s 1835:1835 cm(2)s(-1) 1830:1839 cm(2)s(-1) 1830:1839 In the case of Gen, D ranged between 2.9 × 10(-8) and 1.6 × 10(-9) cm(2)s(-1) if the drug was entrapped in simple PLGA or in the chitosan-coated microcapsules, respectively. 27290629 13 65 theme microcapsules 2271:2283 arg1 fabrication 2285:2295 multicomponent microcapsules fabrication 2256:2295 multicomponent microcapsules fabrication 2256:2295 These mass transfer values are consistent with the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE. 27290629 7 66 theme biopolymer 1326:1335 arg1 structure 1337:1345 the biopolymer structure 1322:1345 the biopolymer structure 1322:1345 HA embedded into the biopolymer structure delayed the THA release profile; chitosan coating strongly reduced the initial drug "burst" release. 27290629 6 67 theme controlled 1174:1183 arg1 release 1190:1196 a controlled drug release 1172:1196 a controlled drug release 1172:1196 Different drug amounts loaded and microcapsules compositions assured a controlled drug release over a wide range of times and concentrations, as in vitro monitored in PBS medium at 37°C for 15/20 days. 27290629 8 68 theme water-soluble 1590:1602 arg1 drug 1604:1607 the less water-soluble drug 1581:1607 the less water-soluble drug 1581:1607 In addition, the coencapsulation of both THA and Gen, which have very different water solubility, accelerated the release profile of the less water-soluble drug. 27290629 1 69 theme green 234:238 arg1 extraction 200:209 Supercritical emulsion extraction 177:209 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) 177:215 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 1 69 theme green 234:238 arg1 strategy 254:261 a green and effective strategy 232:261 a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 232:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 11 70 dep s 1835:1835 arg1 2 1833:1833 2 1833:1833 2 1833:1833 In the case of Gen, D ranged between 2.9 × 10(-8) and 1.6 × 10(-9) cm(2)s(-1) if the drug was entrapped in simple PLGA or in the chitosan-coated microcapsules, respectively. 27290629 1 71 theme effective 244:252 arg1 extraction 200:209 Supercritical emulsion extraction 177:209 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) 177:215 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 1 71 theme effective 244:252 arg1 strategy 254:261 a green and effective strategy 232:261 a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 232:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 4 72 theme external 910:917 arg1 μm 930:931 0.4 μm 926:931 0.4 μm 926:931 Chitosan coating was also successfully added, as external layer (0.4 μm). 27290629 4 72 theme external 910:917 arg1 coating 870:876 Chitosan coating 861:876 Chitosan coating 861:876 Chitosan coating was also successfully added, as external layer (0.4 μm). 27290629 4 72 theme external 910:917 arg1 layer 919:923 external layer 910:923 external layer (0.4 μm) 910:932 Chitosan coating was also successfully added, as external layer (0.4 μm). 27290629 3 73 contain containing 708:717 arg2 HA 735:736 HA 735:736 HA 735:736 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 3 73 contain containing 708:717 arg2 hydroxyapatite 719:732 hydroxyapatite 719:732 hydroxyapatite (HA) 719:737 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 3 73 contain containing 708:717 arg1 microcapsules 694:706 multifunctional microcapsules 678:706 multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g) 678:858 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 6 74 theme concentrations 1229:1242 arg1 range 1210:1214 a wide range 1203:1214 a wide range of times and concentrations 1203:1242 Different drug amounts loaded and microcapsules compositions assured a controlled drug release over a wide range of times and concentrations, as in vitro monitored in PBS medium at 37°C for 15/20 days. 27290629 10 75 theme drug 1688:1691 arg1 diffusivities 1693:1705 Apparent drug diffusivities 1679:1705 Apparent drug diffusivities (D) 1679:1709 Apparent drug diffusivities (D) were calculated by fitting of the release profiles. 27290629 10 75 theme drug 1688:1691 arg1 D 1708:1708 D 1708:1708 D 1708:1708 Apparent drug diffusivities (D) were calculated by fitting of the release profiles. 27290629 12 76 theme cm 2025:2026 arg1 s 2030:2030 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) 2011:2034 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) 2011:2034 In the case of THA, the calculated values ranged between 8.1 × 10(-9) and 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) when the drug was entrapped in PLGA/HA microcapsules or in the chitosan-coated ones, respectively. 27290629 9 77 dep the 1656:1658 arg1 SEE 1660:1662 SEE 1660:1662 SEE manufacturing 1660:1676 No drugs degradation was also monitored after the SEE manufacturing. 27290629 1 78 theme Supercritical 177:189 arg1 extraction 200:209 Supercritical emulsion extraction 177:209 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) 177:215 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 1 78 theme Supercritical 177:189 arg1 strategy 254:261 a green and effective strategy 232:261 a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 232:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 6 79 dep amounts 1118:1124 arg1 compositions 1151:1162 compositions 1151:1162 compositions 1151:1162 Different drug amounts loaded and microcapsules compositions assured a controlled drug release over a wide range of times and concentrations, as in vitro monitored in PBS medium at 37°C for 15/20 days. 27290629 6 80 theme Different 1103:1111 arg1 amounts 1118:1124 Different drug amounts 1103:1124 Different drug amounts loaded 1103:1131 Different drug amounts loaded and microcapsules compositions assured a controlled drug release over a wide range of times and concentrations, as in vitro monitored in PBS medium at 37°C for 15/20 days. 27290629 0 81 theme In Vitro 115:122 arg1 Study 124:128 An In Vitro Study 112:128 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 0:175 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 27290629 1 82 theme teriparatide 398:409 arg1 release 387:393 the controlled release 372:393 the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 372:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 2 83 theme complex 540:546 arg1 healing 557:563 complex fracture healing 540:563 complex fracture healing of aged patients 540:580 These formulations can be used for locally bone pathologies treatment or in complex fracture healing of aged patients. 27290629 0 84 dep Microcapsules 40:52 arg1 Study 124:128 An In Vitro Study 112:128 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 0:175 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 27290629 0 85 theme Controlled 157:166 arg1 Release 168:174 Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release 133:174 Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release 133:174 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 27290629 2 86 theme aged 568:571 arg1 patients 573:580 aged patients 568:580 aged patients 568:580 These formulations can be used for locally bone pathologies treatment or in complex fracture healing of aged patients. 27290629 11 87 theme Gen 1778:1780 arg1 case 1770:1773 the case 1766:1773 the case of Gen 1766:1780 In the case of Gen, D ranged between 2.9 × 10(-8) and 1.6 × 10(-9) cm(2)s(-1) if the drug was entrapped in simple PLGA or in the chitosan-coated microcapsules, respectively. 27290629 0 88 theme PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan 11:38 arg1 Microcapsules 40:52 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules 0:52 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 0:175 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 27290629 1 89 theme sulfate 445:451 arg1 release 387:393 the controlled release 372:393 the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 372:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 12 90 theme calculated 1961:1970 arg1 values 1972:1977 the calculated values 1957:1977 the calculated values 1957:1977 In the case of THA, the calculated values ranged between 8.1 × 10(-9) and 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) when the drug was entrapped in PLGA/HA microcapsules or in the chitosan-coated ones, respectively. 27290629 0 91 theme Supercritical 66:78 arg1 Technology 100:109 Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology 66:109 Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology 66:109 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 27290629 1 92 theme microcapsules 354:366 arg1 fabrication 271:281 the fabrication 267:281 the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen) 267:461 Supercritical emulsion extraction (SEE) is proposed as a green and effective strategy for the fabrication of chitosan-covered poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (chi-PLGA) injectable microcapsules for the controlled release of teriparatide (THA) and teriparatide/gentamicin sulfate (THA/Gen). 27290629 13 93 dep behaviors 2204:2212 arg1 confirmed 2227:2235 confirmed 2227:2235 confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE 2227:2302 These mass transfer values are consistent with the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE. 27290629 13 93 dep behaviors 2204:2212 arg1 observed 2214:2221 observed 2214:2221 observed 2214:2221 These mass transfer values are consistent with the different release behaviors observed and confirmed the possibility of multicomponent microcapsules fabrication by SEE. 27290629 3 94 theme multifunctional 678:692 arg1 microcapsules 694:706 multifunctional microcapsules 678:706 multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g) 678:858 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 0 95 theme Extraction 89:98 arg1 Technology 100:109 Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology 66:109 Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology 66:109 Injectable PLGA/Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Microcapsules Produced by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction Technology: An In Vitro Study on Teriparatide/Gentamicin Controlled Release. 27290629 7 96 theme burst 1432:1436 arg1 release 1439:1445 the initial drug "burst" release 1414:1445 the initial drug "burst" release 1414:1445 HA embedded into the biopolymer structure delayed the THA release profile; chitosan coating strongly reduced the initial drug "burst" release. 27290629 2 97 theme pathologies 512:522 arg1 treatment 524:532 locally bone pathologies treatment 499:532 locally bone pathologies treatment 499:532 These formulations can be used for locally bone pathologies treatment or in complex fracture healing of aged patients. 27290629 7 98 theme drug 1426:1429 arg1 release 1439:1445 the initial drug "burst" release 1414:1445 the initial drug "burst" release 1414:1445 HA embedded into the biopolymer structure delayed the THA release profile; chitosan coating strongly reduced the initial drug "burst" release. 27290629 5 99 theme good 971:974 arg1 efficiency 990:999 good encapsulation efficiency 971:999 good encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) for all the drugs tested and a mean size ranging between 1.4 (±0.4) μm and 2.2 (±0.5) μm 971:1100 SEE-fabricated microcapsules showed good encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) for all the drugs tested and a mean size ranging between 1.4 (±0.4) μm and 2.2 (±0.5) μm. 27290629 5 99 theme good 971:974 arg1 % 1010:1010 up to 90% 1002:1010 up to 90% 1002:1010 SEE-fabricated microcapsules showed good encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) for all the drugs tested and a mean size ranging between 1.4 (±0.4) μm and 2.2 (±0.5) μm. 27290629 10 100 theme profiles 1753:1760 arg1 fitting 1730:1736 fitting 1730:1736 fitting of the release profiles 1730:1760 Apparent drug diffusivities (D) were calculated by fitting of the release profiles. 27290629 12 101 theme PLGA/HA 2067:2073 arg1 microcapsules 2075:2087 PLGA/HA microcapsules 2067:2087 PLGA/HA microcapsules 2067:2087 In the case of THA, the calculated values ranged between 8.1 × 10(-9) and 7.4 × 10(-10) cm(2)s(-1) when the drug was entrapped in PLGA/HA microcapsules or in the chitosan-coated ones, respectively. 27290629 3 102 theme acid 772:775 arg1 mg/g 801:804 up to 24 mg/g 792:804 up to 24 mg/g 792:804 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 3 102 theme acid 772:775 arg1 matrix 784:789 a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix 746:789 a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) 746:805 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 3 103 theme Several 583:589 arg1 o-w 602:604 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions 583:643 o-w 602:604 Several oil-water (o-w) and water-oil-water (w-o-w) emulsions were processed by SEE to produce multifunctional microcapsules containing hydroxyapatite (HA) within a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) matrix (up to 24 mg/g) and with both THA (0.45 mg/g) and Gen (up to 9 mg/g). 27290629 8 104 theme release 1562:1568 arg1 profile 1570:1576 the release profile 1558:1576 the release profile of the less water-soluble drug 1558:1607 In addition, the coencapsulation of both THA and Gen, which have very different water solubility, accelerated the release profile of the less water-soluble drug. 26668208 2 0 theme glucose 557:563 arg1 tolerance 565:573 glucose tolerance 557:573 glucose tolerance 557:573 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 4 1 theme body 899:902 arg1 weight 904:909 similar body weight 891:909 similar body weight 891:909 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 1 2 theme acetyl-CoA 219:228 arg1 carboxylase 230:240 the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 208:242 the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) 208:249 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 1 2 theme acetyl-CoA 219:228 arg1 ACC2 245:248 ACC2 245:248 ACC2 245:248 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 6 3 theme insulin 1364:1370 arg1 action 1372:1377 insulin action 1364:1377 insulin action 1364:1377 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 7 4 theme WT 1583:1584 arg1 mice 1586:1589 WT mice 1583:1589 WT mice 1583:1589 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 8 5 contain has 1672:1674 arg1 this 1667:1670 this 1667:1670 this 1667:1670 These results confirm that manipulation of Acc2 may alter FAO in mice, but this has little impact on body composition or insulin action. 26668208 8 5 contain has 1672:1674 arg2 impact 1683:1688 little impact 1676:1688 little impact 1676:1688 These results confirm that manipulation of Acc2 may alter FAO in mice, but this has little impact on body composition or insulin action. 26668208 1 6 theme allosteric 150:159 arg1 regulator 103:111 An important regulator 90:111 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) 90:141 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 1 6 theme allosteric 150:159 arg1 inhibition 161:170 the allosteric inhibition 146:170 the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) 146:249 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 7 7 theme fat 1557:1559 arg1 feeding 1561:1567 fat feeding 1557:1567 fat feeding 1557:1567 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 3 8 theme study 659:663 arg1 aim 640:642 The aim 636:642 The aim of the present study 636:663 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 8 9 theme little 1676:1681 arg1 impact 1683:1688 little impact 1676:1688 little impact 1676:1688 These results confirm that manipulation of Acc2 may alter FAO in mice, but this has little impact on body composition or insulin action. 26668208 2 10 theme Initial 252:258 arg1 studies 260:266 Initial studies 252:266 Initial studies 252:266 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 6 11 theme clamp 1324:1328 arg1 studies 1330:1336 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies 1294:1336 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies 1294:1336 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 7 12 theme Housing 1457:1463 arg1 mice 1475:1478 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice 1457:1478 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C 1457:1487 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 5 13 dep FAO 1061:1063 arg1 P<0.05 1170:1175 P<0.05 1170:1175 P<0.05 1170:1175 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 13 dep FAO 1061:1063 arg1 ratio=0.95±0.02 1100:1114 24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 1066:1114 24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 1066:1114 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 13 dep FAO 1061:1063 arg1 0.92±0.02 1120:1128 0.92±0.02 1120:1128 0.92±0.02 1120:1128 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 4 14 theme glucose 954:960 arg1 tolerance 962:970 glucose tolerance 954:970 glucose tolerance 954:970 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 5 15 theme -/- 1023:1025 arg1 mice 1028:1031 aged Acc2(-/-) mice 1013:1031 aged Acc2(-/-) mice 1013:1031 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 6 16 theme glucose 1407:1413 arg1 rates 1424:1428 similar glucose infusion rates 1399:1428 similar glucose infusion rates 1399:1428 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 2 17 theme muscle 515:520 arg1 stores 531:536 muscle glycogen stores 515:536 muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass 515:605 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 7 18 from 29 °C 1483:1487 arg1 mice 1475:1478 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice 1457:1478 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C 1457:1487 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 3 19 theme age 714:716 arg1 effect 704:709 any effect 700:709 any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice 700:834 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 8 20 theme insulin 1713:1719 arg1 action 1721:1726 insulin action 1713:1726 insulin action 1713:1726 These results confirm that manipulation of Acc2 may alter FAO in mice, but this has little impact on body composition or insulin action. 26668208 3 21 dep thermoneutrality 732:747 arg1 reduces 763:769 reduces 763:769 reduces total energy expenditure 763:794 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 1 22 theme fatty 116:120 arg1 oxidation 127:135 fatty acid oxidation 116:135 fatty acid oxidation (FAO) 116:141 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 1 22 theme fatty 116:120 arg1 FAO 138:140 FAO 138:140 FAO 138:140 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 2 23 theme whole-body 449:458 arg1 FAO 480:482 whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO 449:482 whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO 449:482 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 1 24 theme oxidation 127:135 arg1 regulator 103:111 An important regulator 90:111 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) 90:141 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 1 24 theme oxidation 127:135 arg1 inhibition 161:170 the allosteric inhibition 146:170 the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) 146:249 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 4 25 theme WT 865:866 arg1 mice 882:885 male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 860:885 male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 860:885 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 5 26 theme whole-body 1263:1272 arg1 expenditure 1281:1291 whole-body energy expenditure 1263:1291 whole-body energy expenditure 1263:1291 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 27 theme 24 h 1066:1069 arg1 P<0.05 1170:1175 P<0.05 1170:1175 P<0.05 1170:1175 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 27 theme 24 h 1066:1069 arg1 ratio=0.95±0.02 1100:1114 24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 1066:1114 24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 1066:1114 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 3 28 theme total 771:775 arg1 expenditure 784:794 total energy expenditure 771:794 total energy expenditure 771:794 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 5 29 with Consistent 973:982 arg1 mice 1007:1010 younger Acc2(-/-) mice 989:1010 younger Acc2(-/-) mice 989:1010 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 3 30 theme housing 721:727 arg1 effect 704:709 any effect 700:709 any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice 700:834 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 0 31 theme Acc2-/- 76:82 arg1 mice 84:87 Acc2-/- mice 76:87 Acc2-/- mice 76:87 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice. 26668208 7 32 theme -/- 1470:1472 arg1 mice 1475:1478 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice 1457:1478 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C 1457:1487 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 2 33 theme skeletal 464:471 arg1 FAO 480:482 whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO 449:482 whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO 449:482 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 2 34 theme adipose 344:350 arg1 mass 359:362 adipose tissue mass 344:362 adipose tissue mass 344:362 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 6 35 with groups 1387:1392 arg1 uptake 1449:1454 tissue glucose uptake 1434:1454 tissue glucose uptake 1434:1454 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 6 35 with groups 1387:1392 arg1 rates 1424:1428 similar glucose infusion rates 1399:1428 similar glucose infusion rates 1399:1428 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 4 36 theme Acc2 872:875 arg1 mice 882:885 male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 860:885 male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 860:885 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 0 37 theme Minimal 0:6 arg1 impact 8:13 Minimal impact 0:13 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice 0:87 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice. 26668208 6 38 theme tissue 1434:1439 arg1 uptake 1449:1454 tissue glucose uptake 1434:1454 tissue glucose uptake 1434:1454 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 3 39 theme mice 831:834 arg1 phenotype 804:812 the phenotype 800:812 the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice 800:834 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 4 40 theme similar 891:897 arg1 weight 904:909 similar body weight 891:909 similar body weight 891:909 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 2 41 theme young 610:614 arg1 mice 616:619 young mice 610:619 young mice (12-16 weeks) 610:633 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 2 41 theme young 610:614 arg1 weeks 628:632 12-16 weeks 622:632 12-16 weeks 622:632 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 5 42 theme WT 1134:1135 arg1 mice 1151:1154 WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 1134:1154 WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 1134:1154 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 43 theme aged 1013:1016 arg1 mice 1028:1031 aged Acc2(-/-) mice 1013:1031 aged Acc2(-/-) mice 1013:1031 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 3 44 theme Acc2 817:820 arg1 mice 831:834 Acc2 knockout mice 817:834 Acc2 knockout mice 817:834 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 2 45 theme mice 422:425 arg1 strain 398:403 an independently generated strain 371:403 an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice 371:425 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 3 46 from thermoneutrality 732:747 arg1 age 714:716 age 714:716 age 714:716 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 3 46 from thermoneutrality 732:747 arg1 effect 704:709 any effect 700:709 any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice 700:834 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 3 46 from thermoneutrality 732:747 arg1 housing 721:727 housing 721:727 housing 721:727 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 5 47 theme Acc2 1141:1144 arg1 mice 1151:1154 WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 1134:1154 WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 1134:1154 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 48 theme Acc2 997:1000 arg1 mice 1007:1010 younger Acc2(-/-) mice 989:1010 younger Acc2(-/-) mice 989:1010 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 2 49 theme Acc2 408:411 arg1 mice 422:425 Acc2 knockout mice 408:425 Acc2 knockout mice 408:425 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 3 50 from effect 704:709 arg1 phenotype 804:812 the phenotype 800:812 the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice 800:834 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 3 50 from effect 704:709 arg1 thermoneutrality 732:747 thermoneutrality 732:747 thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) 732:795 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 5 51 theme skeletal 1182:1189 arg1 content 1207:1213 skeletal muscle glycogen content 1182:1213 skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) 1182:1228 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 0 52 theme temperature 34:44 arg1 impact 8:13 Minimal impact 0:13 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice 0:87 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice. 26668208 7 53 theme feeding 1561:1567 arg1 composition 1508:1518 body composition 1503:1518 body composition 1503:1518 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 7 53 theme feeding 1561:1567 arg1 tolerance 1529:1537 glucose tolerance 1521:1537 glucose tolerance 1521:1537 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 7 53 theme feeding 1561:1567 arg1 effects 1546:1552 the effects 1542:1552 the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice 1542:1589 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 5 54 theme glycogen 1198:1205 arg1 content 1207:1213 skeletal muscle glycogen content 1182:1213 skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) 1182:1228 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 4 55 theme triglyceride 929:940 arg1 content 942:948 muscle triglyceride content 922:948 muscle triglyceride content 922:948 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 2 56 theme fat 318:320 arg1 oxidation 322:330 fat oxidation 318:330 fat oxidation 318:330 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 5 57 theme whole-body 1050:1059 arg1 FAO 1061:1063 increased whole-body FAO 1040:1063 increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) 1040:1176 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 1 58 theme enzyme 212:217 arg1 carboxylase 230:240 the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 208:242 the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) 208:249 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 1 58 theme enzyme 212:217 arg1 ACC2 245:248 ACC2 245:248 ACC2 245:248 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 4 59 theme fat 912:914 arg1 mass 916:919 fat mass 912:919 fat mass 912:919 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 3 60 theme present 651:657 arg1 study 659:663 the present study 647:663 the present study 647:663 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 2 61 theme energy 576:581 arg1 expenditure 583:593 energy expenditure 576:593 energy expenditure 576:593 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 4 62 contain had 887:889 arg1 mice 882:885 male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 860:885 male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 860:885 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 4 62 contain had 887:889 arg2 tolerance 962:970 glucose tolerance 954:970 glucose tolerance 954:970 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 4 62 contain had 887:889 arg2 mass 916:919 fat mass 912:919 fat mass 912:919 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 4 62 contain had 887:889 arg2 weight 904:909 similar body weight 891:909 similar body weight 891:909 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 4 62 contain had 887:889 arg2 content 942:948 muscle triglyceride content 922:948 muscle triglyceride content 922:948 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 7 63 theme Acc2 1465:1468 arg1 mice 1475:1478 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice 1457:1478 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C 1457:1487 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 5 64 dep mice 1007:1010 arg1 -/- 1002:1004 -/- 1002:1004 -/- 1002:1004 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 65 from change 1253:1258 arg1 expenditure 1281:1291 whole-body energy expenditure 1263:1291 whole-body energy expenditure 1263:1291 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 2 66 theme compensatory 490:501 arg1 increase 503:510 a compensatory increase 488:510 a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass 488:605 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 8 67 theme body 1693:1696 arg1 composition 1698:1708 body composition 1693:1708 body composition 1693:1708 These results confirm that manipulation of Acc2 may alter FAO in mice, but this has little impact on body composition or insulin action. 26668208 5 68 dep content 1207:1213 arg1 P<0.05 1222:1227 P<0.05 1222:1227 P<0.05 1222:1227 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 68 dep content 1207:1213 arg1 % 1219:1219 +60% 1216:1219 +60% 1216:1219 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 6 69 theme Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic 1294:1322 arg1 studies 1330:1336 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies 1294:1336 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies 1294:1336 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 1 70 theme CPT-1 175:179 arg1 regulator 103:111 An important regulator 90:111 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) 90:141 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 1 70 theme CPT-1 175:179 arg1 inhibition 161:170 the allosteric inhibition 146:170 the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) 146:249 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 4 71 dep WT 865:866 arg1 -/- 877:879 -/- 877:879 -/- 877:879 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 6 72 theme infusion 1415:1422 arg1 rates 1424:1428 similar glucose infusion rates 1399:1428 similar glucose infusion rates 1399:1428 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 1 73 theme important 93:101 arg1 regulator 103:111 An important regulator 90:111 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) 90:141 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 1 73 theme important 93:101 arg1 inhibition 161:170 the allosteric inhibition 146:170 the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) 146:249 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 2 74 theme glycogen 522:529 arg1 stores 531:536 muscle glycogen stores 515:536 muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass 515:605 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 5 75 theme exchange 1091:1098 arg1 P<0.05 1170:1175 P<0.05 1170:1175 P<0.05 1170:1175 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 75 theme exchange 1091:1098 arg1 ratio=0.95±0.02 1100:1114 24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 1066:1114 24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 1066:1114 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 6 76 theme similar 1399:1405 arg1 rates 1424:1428 similar glucose infusion rates 1399:1428 similar glucose infusion rates 1399:1428 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 2 77 from FAO 480:482 arg1 stores 531:536 muscle glycogen stores 515:536 muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass 515:605 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 0 78 theme metabolic 53:61 arg1 phenotype 63:71 the metabolic phenotype 49:71 the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice 49:87 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice. 26668208 5 79 theme respiratory 1079:1089 arg1 P<0.05 1170:1175 P<0.05 1170:1175 P<0.05 1170:1175 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 79 theme respiratory 1079:1089 arg1 ratio=0.95±0.02 1100:1114 24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 1066:1114 24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 1066:1114 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 1 80 theme acid 122:125 arg1 oxidation 127:135 fatty acid oxidation 116:135 fatty acid oxidation (FAO) 116:141 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 1 80 theme acid 122:125 arg1 FAO 138:140 FAO 138:140 FAO 138:140 An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). 26668208 4 81 theme age 855:857 arg1 weeks 846:850 42-54 weeks 840:850 42-54 weeks of age 840:857 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 7 82 theme body 1503:1506 arg1 composition 1508:1518 body composition 1503:1518 body composition 1503:1518 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 7 83 theme glucose 1521:1527 arg1 tolerance 1529:1537 glucose tolerance 1521:1537 glucose tolerance 1521:1537 Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. 26668208 4 84 theme male 860:863 arg1 mice 882:885 male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 860:885 male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice 860:885 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 0 85 from impact 8:13 arg1 phenotype 63:71 the metabolic phenotype 49:71 the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice 49:87 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice. 26668208 5 86 theme energy 1274:1279 arg1 expenditure 1281:1291 whole-body energy expenditure 1263:1291 whole-body energy expenditure 1263:1291 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 87 theme average 1071:1077 arg1 P<0.05 1170:1175 P<0.05 1170:1175 P<0.05 1170:1175 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 87 theme average 1071:1077 arg1 ratio=0.95±0.02 1100:1114 24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 1066:1114 24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 1066:1114 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 0 88 theme mice 84:87 arg1 phenotype 63:71 the metabolic phenotype 49:71 the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice 49:87 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice. 26668208 5 89 theme younger 989:995 arg1 mice 1007:1010 younger Acc2(-/-) mice 989:1010 younger Acc2(-/-) mice 989:1010 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 6 90 from difference 1350:1359 arg1 action 1372:1377 insulin action 1364:1377 insulin action 1364:1377 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 3 91 theme energy 777:782 arg1 expenditure 784:794 total energy expenditure 771:794 total energy expenditure 771:794 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 2 92 theme muscle 473:478 arg1 FAO 480:482 whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO 449:482 whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO 449:482 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 2 93 theme fat 598:600 arg1 mass 602:605 fat mass 598:605 fat mass 598:605 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 3 94 dep reduces 763:769 arg1 29 °C 750:754 29 °C 750:754 29 °C 750:754 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 5 95 theme detectable 1242:1251 arg1 change 1253:1258 any detectable change 1238:1258 any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure 1238:1291 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 6 96 theme glucose 1441:1447 arg1 uptake 1449:1454 tissue glucose uptake 1434:1454 tissue glucose uptake 1434:1454 Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. 26668208 2 97 theme generated 388:396 arg1 strain 398:403 an independently generated strain 371:403 an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice 371:425 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 2 98 from changes 546:552 arg1 mass 602:605 fat mass 598:605 fat mass 598:605 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 2 98 from changes 546:552 arg1 tolerance 565:573 glucose tolerance 557:573 glucose tolerance 557:573 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 2 98 from changes 546:552 arg1 expenditure 583:593 energy expenditure 576:593 energy expenditure 576:593 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 0 99 theme age 18:20 arg1 impact 8:13 Minimal impact 0:13 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice 0:87 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice. 26668208 8 100 theme Acc2 1635:1638 arg1 manipulation 1619:1630 manipulation 1619:1630 manipulation of Acc2 1619:1638 These results confirm that manipulation of Acc2 may alter FAO in mice, but this has little impact on body composition or insulin action. 26668208 8 101 from FAO 1650:1652 arg1 mice 1657:1660 mice 1657:1660 mice 1657:1660 These results confirm that manipulation of Acc2 may alter FAO in mice, but this has little impact on body composition or insulin action. 26668208 0 102 theme housing 26:32 arg1 temperature 34:44 housing temperature 26:44 housing temperature 26:44 Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice. 26668208 5 103 theme Acc2 1018:1021 arg1 mice 1028:1031 aged Acc2(-/-) mice 1013:1031 aged Acc2(-/-) mice 1013:1031 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 3 104 theme knockout 822:829 arg1 mice 831:834 Acc2 knockout mice 817:834 Acc2 knockout mice 817:834 The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. 26668208 2 105 theme knockout 413:420 arg1 mice 422:425 Acc2 knockout mice 408:425 Acc2 knockout mice 408:425 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 2 106 theme tissue 352:357 arg1 mass 359:362 adipose tissue mass 344:362 adipose tissue mass 344:362 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 2 107 dep observed 430:437 arg1 increased 439:447 increased 439:447 observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks) 430:633 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 5 108 dep mice 1151:1154 arg1 -/- 1146:1148 -/- 1146:1148 -/- 1146:1148 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 5 109 theme muscle 1191:1196 arg1 content 1207:1213 skeletal muscle glycogen content 1182:1213 skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) 1182:1228 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 2 110 theme Acc2 295:298 arg1 deletion 283:290 deletion 283:290 deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) 283:306 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26668208 5 111 theme increased 1040:1048 arg1 FAO 1061:1063 increased whole-body FAO 1040:1063 increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) 1040:1176 Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. 26668208 4 112 theme muscle 922:927 arg1 content 942:948 muscle triglyceride content 922:948 muscle triglyceride content 922:948 At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. 26668208 2 113 from increase 503:510 arg1 stores 531:536 muscle glycogen stores 515:536 muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass 515:605 Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). 26754568 2 0 theme cell 564:567 arg1 attachment 569:578 cell attachment 564:578 cell attachment 564:578 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 3 1 theme alginate 847:854 arg1 gels 856:859 alginate gels 847:859 alginate gels 847:859 Copolymers with lower cationic charge density and lower molecular weight showed less cytotoxicity and cell adhesion, and were more mobile within alginate gels. 26754568 1 2 theme 2-hydroxypropyl 231:245 arg1 methacrylamide 247:260 N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide 228:260 N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide 228:260 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 0 3 theme building 77:84 arg1 blocks 86:91 building blocks 77:91 building blocks for biomaterials 77:108 Synthetic polycations with controlled charge density and molecular weight as building blocks for biomaterials. 26754568 1 4 theme APM 308:310 arg1 blocks 359:364 building blocks 350:364 building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation 350:448 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 4 theme APM 308:310 arg1 series 113:118 A series 111:118 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa 111:301 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 4 theme APM 308:310 arg1 content 312:318 APM content 308:318 APM content of 10-75 mol% 308:332 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 5 theme assembled 388:396 arg1 hydrogels 398:406 electrostatically assembled hydrogels 370:406 electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation 370:448 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 5 theme assembled 388:396 arg1 those 416:420 those 416:420 those 416:420 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 2 6 from gels 533:536 arg1 surfaces 607:614 surfaces 607:614 surfaces grafted with the copolymers 607:642 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 2 7 theme copolymers 490:499 arg1 Complexation 451:462 Complexation 451:462 Complexation 451:462 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 2 7 theme copolymers 490:499 arg1 distribution 468:479 distribution 468:479 distribution 468:479 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 1 8 theme methacrylamide 247:260 arg1 copolymerization 152:167 RAFT copolymerization 147:167 RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide 147:260 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 4 9 theme polyelectrolyte 903:917 arg1 complexes 919:927 improved polyelectrolyte complexes 894:927 improved polyelectrolyte complexes 894:927 These findings aid in designing improved polyelectrolyte complexes for use as biomaterials. 26754568 1 10 with polycations 123:133 arg1 weights 278:284 molecular weights 268:284 molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa 268:301 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 11 theme N- 172:173 arg1 hydrochloride 204:216 N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride 172:216 N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) 172:222 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 11 theme N- 172:173 arg1 APM 219:221 APM 219:221 APM 219:221 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 12 theme mol 329:331 arg1 % 332:332 10-75 mol% 323:332 10-75 mol% 323:332 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 4 13 theme improved 894:901 arg1 complexes 919:927 improved polyelectrolyte complexes 894:927 improved polyelectrolyte complexes 894:927 These findings aid in designing improved polyelectrolyte complexes for use as biomaterials. 26754568 1 14 theme % 332:332 arg1 blocks 359:364 building blocks 350:364 building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation 350:448 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 14 theme % 332:332 arg1 series 113:118 A series 111:118 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa 111:301 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 14 theme % 332:332 arg1 content 312:318 APM content 308:318 APM content of 10-75 mol% 308:332 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 3 15 with Copolymers 702:711 arg1 density 740:746 lower cationic charge density 718:746 lower cationic charge density 718:746 Copolymers with lower cationic charge density and lower molecular weight showed less cytotoxicity and cell adhesion, and were more mobile within alginate gels. 26754568 1 16 theme 3-aminopropyl 175:187 arg1 hydrochloride 204:216 N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride 172:216 N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) 172:222 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 16 theme 3-aminopropyl 175:187 arg1 APM 219:221 APM 219:221 APM 219:221 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 0 17 theme Synthetic 0:8 arg1 polycations 10:20 Synthetic polycations 0:20 Synthetic polycations with controlled charge density and molecular weight as building blocks for biomaterials. 0:109 Synthetic polycations with controlled charge density and molecular weight as building blocks for biomaterials. 26754568 2 18 from cytotoxicity 550:561 arg1 surfaces 607:614 surfaces 607:614 surfaces grafted with the copolymers 607:642 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 2 19 theme cell 585:588 arg1 proliferation 590:602 cell proliferation 585:602 cell proliferation 585:602 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 0 20 theme controlled 27:36 arg1 density 45:51 controlled charge density 27:51 controlled charge density 27:51 Synthetic polycations with controlled charge density and molecular weight as building blocks for biomaterials. 26754568 1 21 theme molecular 268:276 arg1 weights 278:284 molecular weights 268:284 molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa 268:301 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 2 22 theme alginate 524:531 arg1 gels 533:536 anionic calcium alginate gels 508:536 anionic calcium alginate gels 508:536 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 1 23 theme cell 431:434 arg1 encapsulation 436:448 cell encapsulation 431:448 cell encapsulation 431:448 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 24 theme methacrylamide 189:202 arg1 hydrochloride 204:216 N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride 172:216 N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) 172:222 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 24 theme methacrylamide 189:202 arg1 APM 219:221 APM 219:221 APM 219:221 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 2 25 theme calcium 516:522 arg1 gels 533:536 anionic calcium alginate gels 508:536 anionic calcium alginate gels 508:536 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 1 26 theme hydrochloride 204:216 arg1 copolymerization 152:167 RAFT copolymerization 147:167 RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide 147:260 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 2 27 theme anionic 508:514 arg1 gels 533:536 anionic calcium alginate gels 508:536 anionic calcium alginate gels 508:536 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 0 28 theme charge 38:43 arg1 density 45:51 controlled charge density 27:51 controlled charge density 27:51 Synthetic polycations with controlled charge density and molecular weight as building blocks for biomaterials. 26754568 3 29 theme cell 804:807 arg1 adhesion 809:816 cell adhesion 804:816 cell adhesion 804:816 Copolymers with lower cationic charge density and lower molecular weight showed less cytotoxicity and cell adhesion, and were more mobile within alginate gels. 26754568 3 30 theme lower 752:756 arg1 weight 768:773 lower molecular weight 752:773 lower molecular weight 752:773 Copolymers with lower cationic charge density and lower molecular weight showed less cytotoxicity and cell adhesion, and were more mobile within alginate gels. 26754568 3 31 theme charge 733:738 arg1 density 740:746 lower cationic charge density 718:746 lower cationic charge density 718:746 Copolymers with lower cationic charge density and lower molecular weight showed less cytotoxicity and cell adhesion, and were more mobile within alginate gels. 26754568 0 32 theme molecular 57:65 arg1 weight 67:72 molecular weight 57:72 molecular weight 57:72 Synthetic polycations with controlled charge density and molecular weight as building blocks for biomaterials. 26754568 2 33 from attachment 569:578 arg1 surfaces 607:614 surfaces 607:614 surfaces grafted with the copolymers 607:642 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 3 34 theme lower 718:722 arg1 density 740:746 lower cationic charge density 718:746 lower cationic charge density 718:746 Copolymers with lower cationic charge density and lower molecular weight showed less cytotoxicity and cell adhesion, and were more mobile within alginate gels. 26754568 3 35 theme cationic 724:731 arg1 density 740:746 lower cationic charge density 718:746 lower cationic charge density 718:746 Copolymers with lower cationic charge density and lower molecular weight showed less cytotoxicity and cell adhesion, and were more mobile within alginate gels. 26754568 1 36 theme building 350:357 arg1 blocks 359:364 building blocks 350:364 building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation 350:448 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 36 theme building 350:357 arg1 series 113:118 A series 111:118 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa 111:301 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 36 theme building 350:357 arg1 content 312:318 APM content 308:318 APM content of 10-75 mol% 308:332 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 0 37 with polycations 10:20 arg1 density 45:51 controlled charge density 27:51 controlled charge density 27:51 Synthetic polycations with controlled charge density and molecular weight as building blocks for biomaterials. 26754568 0 37 with polycations 10:20 arg1 weight 67:72 molecular weight 57:72 molecular weight 57:72 Synthetic polycations with controlled charge density and molecular weight as building blocks for biomaterials. 26754568 2 38 from proliferation 590:602 arg1 surfaces 607:614 surfaces 607:614 surfaces grafted with the copolymers 607:642 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 1 39 theme kDa 299:301 arg1 weights 278:284 molecular weights 268:284 molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa 268:301 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 40 theme polycations 123:133 arg1 blocks 359:364 building blocks 350:364 building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation 350:448 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 40 theme polycations 123:133 arg1 series 113:118 A series 111:118 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa 111:301 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 1 40 theme polycations 123:133 arg1 content 312:318 APM content 308:318 APM content of 10-75 mol% 308:332 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 2 41 theme molecular 684:692 arg1 weight 694:699 molecular weight 684:699 molecular weight 684:699 Complexation and distribution of these copolymers within anionic calcium alginate gels, as well as cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation on surfaces grafted with the copolymers were found to depend on composition and molecular weight. 26754568 1 42 theme N- 228:229 arg1 methacrylamide 247:260 N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide 228:260 N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide 228:260 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 3 43 with weight 768:773 arg1 density 740:746 lower cationic charge density 718:746 lower cationic charge density 718:746 Copolymers with lower cationic charge density and lower molecular weight showed less cytotoxicity and cell adhesion, and were more mobile within alginate gels. 26754568 1 44 theme RAFT 147:150 arg1 copolymerization 152:167 RAFT copolymerization 147:167 RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide 147:260 A series of polycations prepared by RAFT copolymerization of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, with molecular weights of 15 and 40 kDa, and APM content of 10-75 mol%, were tested as building blocks for electrostatically assembled hydrogels such as those used for cell encapsulation. 26754568 3 45 theme molecular 758:766 arg1 weight 768:773 lower molecular weight 752:773 lower molecular weight 752:773 Copolymers with lower cationic charge density and lower molecular weight showed less cytotoxicity and cell adhesion, and were more mobile within alginate gels. 25896967 3 0 theme life 678:681 arg1 4 weeks 667:673 the first 4 weeks 657:673 the first 4 weeks of life 657:681 STUDY DESIGN In total, 51 healthy term infants were recruited for this study and divided equally into three different groups (n=17) based on their feeding regime during the first 4 weeks of life. 25896967 6 1 from isolates 1049:1056 arg1 groups 1032:1037 all three groups 1022:1037 all three groups 1022:1037 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 6 1 from isolates 1049:1056 arg1 % 1061:1061 42% 1059:1061 42% (72 of 173) 1059:1073 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 3 2 theme term 522:525 arg1 infants 527:533 51 healthy term infants 511:533 51 healthy term infants 511:533 STUDY DESIGN In total, 51 healthy term infants were recruited for this study and divided equally into three different groups (n=17) based on their feeding regime during the first 4 weeks of life. 25896967 1 3 theme bifidobacterial 248:262 arg1 residing 275:282 the bifidobacterial microbiota residing 244:282 the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut 244:304 BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. 25896967 2 4 from species 328:334 arg1 samples 409:415 faecal samples 402:415 faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes 402:485 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 10 5 theme influence 1845:1853 arg1 feeding 1873:1879 the influence prebiotic formula feeding 1841:1879 the influence prebiotic formula feeding 1841:1879 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 3 6 theme healthy 514:520 arg1 infants 527:533 51 healthy term infants 511:533 51 healthy term infants 511:533 STUDY DESIGN In total, 51 healthy term infants were recruited for this study and divided equally into three different groups (n=17) based on their feeding regime during the first 4 weeks of life. 25896967 1 7 theme residing 275:282 arg1 diversity 231:239 the diversity 227:239 the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut 227:304 BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. 25896967 7 8 theme bifidobacterial 1299:1313 arg1 strain 1315:1320 an identical bifidobacterial strain 1286:1320 an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants 1286:1366 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 7 8 theme bifidobacterial 1299:1313 arg1 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 6 9 dep detected 1089:1096 arg1 followed 1126:1133 followed 1126:1133 followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively 1126:1232 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 7 10 theme infants 1268:1274 arg1 infants 1268:1274 the 51 infants 1261:1274 the 51 infants 1261:1274 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 7 10 theme infants 1268:1274 arg1 two 1254:1256 two 1254:1256 two 1254:1256 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 10 11 dep CONCLUSIONS 1695:1705 arg1 has 1881:1883 has 1881:1883 has on the bifidobacterial population 1881:1917 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 10 11 dep CONCLUSIONS 1695:1705 arg1 reveals 1718:1724 reveals 1718:1724 reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants 1718:1835 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 10 12 theme formula 1865:1871 arg1 feeding 1873:1879 the influence prebiotic formula feeding 1841:1879 the influence prebiotic formula feeding 1841:1879 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 1 13 theme neonates 136:143 arg1 composition 121:131 the bifidobacterial composition 101:131 the bifidobacterial composition of neonates 101:143 BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. 25896967 6 14 theme non-prebiotic-fed 1195:1211 arg1 groups 1213:1218 the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups 1177:1218 the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups 1177:1218 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 5 15 theme species 807:813 arg1 level 815:819 species level 807:819 species level 807:819 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 5 16 theme transcribed 844:854 arg1 spacer 856:861 rRNA-internally transcribed spacer 828:861 rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis 828:890 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 7 17 from infants 1360:1366 arg1 strain 1315:1320 an identical bifidobacterial strain 1286:1320 an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants 1286:1366 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 7 17 from infants 1360:1366 arg1 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 9 18 theme first 1608:1612 arg1 6 months 1614:1621 the first 6 months 1604:1621 the first 6 months of life 1604:1629 B. longum was the dominant species recovered from all three groups during the first 6 months of life, followed by Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum. 25896967 6 19 theme breastfed 1181:1189 arg1 groups 1213:1218 the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups 1177:1218 the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups 1177:1218 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 3 20 theme different 596:604 arg1 groups 606:611 three different groups 590:611 three different groups (n=17) based on their feeding regime during the first 4 weeks of life 590:681 STUDY DESIGN In total, 51 healthy term infants were recruited for this study and divided equally into three different groups (n=17) based on their feeding regime during the first 4 weeks of life. 25896967 3 20 theme different 596:604 arg1 n=17 614:617 n=17 614:617 n=17 614:617 STUDY DESIGN In total, 51 healthy term infants were recruited for this study and divided equally into three different groups (n=17) based on their feeding regime during the first 4 weeks of life. 25896967 5 21 theme strain 899:904 arg1 level 906:910 strain level 899:910 strain level 899:910 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 5 22 theme gel 928:930 arg1 PFGE 949:952 PFGE 949:952 PFGE 949:952 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 5 22 theme gel 928:930 arg1 electrophoresis 932:946 pulsed field gel electrophoresis 915:946 pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) 915:953 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 5 23 theme sequence 874:881 arg1 analysis 883:890 rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis 828:890 rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis 828:890 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 8 24 theme Prebiotic 1369:1377 arg1 supplementation 1379:1393 Prebiotic supplementation 1369:1393 Prebiotic supplementation in the early neonatal period 1369:1422 Prebiotic supplementation in the early neonatal period increased the prevalence of Bifidobacterium longum in infants, in addition to promoting strain diversity. 25896967 4 25 theme bifidobacterial 695:709 arg1 populations 711:721 Culturable bifidobacterial populations 684:721 Culturable bifidobacterial populations 684:721 Culturable bifidobacterial populations were analysed at week 1, week 4 and 6 months of age. 25896967 6 26 from % 1140:1140 arg1 groups 1213:1218 the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups 1177:1218 the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups 1177:1218 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 8 27 dep promoting 1502:1510 arg1 addition 1490:1497 addition 1490:1497 addition 1490:1497 Prebiotic supplementation in the early neonatal period increased the prevalence of Bifidobacterium longum in infants, in addition to promoting strain diversity. 25896967 1 28 theme Recent 71:76 arg1 studies 78:84 BACKGROUND Recent studies 60:84 BACKGROUND Recent studies 60:84 BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. 25896967 9 29 theme Bifidobacterium 1670:1684 arg1 bifidum 1686:1692 Bifidobacterium bifidum 1670:1692 Bifidobacterium bifidum 1670:1692 B. longum was the dominant species recovered from all three groups during the first 6 months of life, followed by Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum. 25896967 8 30 theme early 1402:1406 arg1 period 1417:1422 the early neonatal period 1398:1422 the early neonatal period 1398:1422 Prebiotic supplementation in the early neonatal period increased the prevalence of Bifidobacterium longum in infants, in addition to promoting strain diversity. 25896967 6 31 from % 1160:1160 arg1 groups 1213:1218 the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups 1177:1218 the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups 1177:1218 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 2 32 theme feeding 471:477 arg1 regimes 479:485 three different feeding regimes 455:485 three different feeding regimes 455:485 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 2 33 theme faecal 402:407 arg1 samples 409:415 faecal samples 402:415 faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes 402:485 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 5 34 theme field 922:926 arg1 PFGE 949:952 PFGE 949:952 PFGE 949:952 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 5 34 theme field 922:926 arg1 electrophoresis 932:946 pulsed field gel electrophoresis 915:946 pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) 915:953 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 3 35 theme STUDY 488:492 arg1 DESIGN 494:499 STUDY DESIGN 488:499 STUDY DESIGN 488:499 STUDY DESIGN In total, 51 healthy term infants were recruited for this study and divided equally into three different groups (n=17) based on their feeding regime during the first 4 weeks of life. 25896967 1 36 theme infant 295:300 arg1 gut 302:304 the infant gut 291:304 the infant gut 291:304 BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. 25896967 6 37 theme groups 1032:1037 arg1 groups 1032:1037 all three groups 1022:1037 all three groups 1022:1037 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 6 37 theme groups 1032:1037 arg1 % 1061:1061 42% 1059:1061 42% (72 of 173) 1059:1073 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 10 38 theme diversity 1754:1762 arg1 level 1745:1749 a hitherto unknown level 1726:1749 a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants 1726:1835 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 10 39 attach isolated 1805:1812 arg2 bifidobacteria 1790:1803 bifidobacteria 1790:1803 bifidobacteria isolated from different infants 1790:1835 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 10 39 attach isolated 1805:1812 arg1 infants 1829:1835 different infants 1819:1835 different infants 1819:1835 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 2 40 theme healthy 431:437 arg1 infants 444:450 healthy term infants 431:450 healthy term infants 431:450 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 0 41 theme distinct 26:33 arg1 strains 51:57 distinct bifidobacterial strains 26:57 distinct bifidobacterial strains 26:57 The neonatal gut harbours distinct bifidobacterial strains. 25896967 8 42 theme longum 1468:1473 arg1 prevalence 1438:1447 the prevalence 1434:1447 the prevalence of Bifidobacterium longum in infants 1434:1484 Prebiotic supplementation in the early neonatal period increased the prevalence of Bifidobacterium longum in infants, in addition to promoting strain diversity. 25896967 3 43 theme feeding 635:641 arg1 regime 643:648 their feeding regime 629:648 their feeding regime 629:648 STUDY DESIGN In total, 51 healthy term infants were recruited for this study and divided equally into three different groups (n=17) based on their feeding regime during the first 4 weeks of life. 25896967 5 44 dep spacer 856:861 arg1 ITS 864:866 ITS 864:866 ITS 864:866 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 7 45 attach present 1336:1342 arg2 strain 1315:1320 an identical bifidobacterial strain 1286:1320 an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants 1286:1366 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 7 45 attach present 1336:1342 arg1 infants 1360:1366 the other 49 infants 1347:1366 the other 49 infants 1347:1366 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 7 45 attach present 1336:1342 arg2 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 3 46 theme first 661:665 arg1 4 weeks 667:673 the first 4 weeks 657:673 the first 4 weeks of life 657:681 STUDY DESIGN In total, 51 healthy term infants were recruited for this study and divided equally into three different groups (n=17) based on their feeding regime during the first 4 weeks of life. 25896967 6 47 from % 1061:1061 arg1 isolates 1049:1056 2295 isolates 1044:1056 2295 isolates 1044:1056 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 2 48 theme populations 387:397 arg1 species 328:334 species 328:334 species 328:334 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 2 48 theme populations 387:397 arg1 diversity 347:355 strain diversity 340:355 strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes 340:485 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 10 49 from level 1745:1749 arg1 level 1778:1782 the strain level 1767:1782 the strain level 1767:1782 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 6 50 located detected 1089:1096 arg1 group 1119:1123 the prebiotic-fed group 1101:1123 the prebiotic-fed group 1101:1123 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 6 50 located detected 1089:1096 arg2 groups 1032:1037 all three groups 1022:1037 all three groups 1022:1037 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 6 50 located detected 1089:1096 arg2 % 1061:1061 42% 1059:1061 42% (72 of 173) 1059:1073 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 2 51 theme culturable 360:369 arg1 populations 387:397 culturable bifidobacterial populations 360:397 culturable bifidobacterial populations 360:397 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 6 52 dep % 1160:1160 arg1 173 1169:1171 173 1169:1171 173 1169:1171 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 7 53 theme other 1351:1355 arg1 infants 1360:1366 the other 49 infants 1347:1366 the other 49 infants 1347:1366 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 8 54 theme strain 1512:1517 arg1 diversity 1519:1527 strain diversity 1512:1527 strain diversity 1512:1527 Prebiotic supplementation in the early neonatal period increased the prevalence of Bifidobacterium longum in infants, in addition to promoting strain diversity. 25896967 8 55 from prevalence 1438:1447 arg1 infants 1478:1484 infants 1478:1484 infants 1478:1484 Prebiotic supplementation in the early neonatal period increased the prevalence of Bifidobacterium longum in infants, in addition to promoting strain diversity. 25896967 1 56 theme microbiota 264:273 arg1 residing 275:282 the bifidobacterial microbiota residing 244:282 the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut 244:304 BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. 25896967 9 57 theme dominant 1548:1555 arg1 longum 1533:1538 B. longum 1530:1538 B. longum 1530:1538 B. longum was the dominant species recovered from all three groups during the first 6 months of life, followed by Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum. 25896967 9 57 theme dominant 1548:1555 arg1 species 1557:1563 the dominant species 1544:1563 the dominant species recovered from all three groups during the first 6 months of life 1544:1629 B. longum was the dominant species recovered from all three groups during the first 6 months of life, followed by Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum. 25896967 2 58 from diversity 347:355 arg1 samples 409:415 faecal samples 402:415 faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes 402:485 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 5 59 theme spacer 856:861 arg1 analysis 883:890 rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis 828:890 rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis 828:890 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 10 60 from level 1778:1782 arg1 diversity 1754:1762 diversity 1754:1762 diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants 1754:1835 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 10 60 from level 1778:1782 arg1 level 1745:1749 a hitherto unknown level 1726:1749 a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants 1726:1835 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 6 61 theme prebiotic-fed 1105:1117 arg1 group 1119:1123 the prebiotic-fed group 1101:1123 the prebiotic-fed group 1101:1123 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 1 62 theme advancing 179:187 arg1 technologies 189:200 advancing technologies 179:200 advancing technologies 179:200 BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. 25896967 7 63 from present 1336:1342 arg1 infants 1360:1366 the other 49 infants 1347:1366 the other 49 infants 1347:1366 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 7 64 theme identical 1289:1297 arg1 strain 1315:1320 an identical bifidobacterial strain 1286:1320 an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants 1286:1366 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 7 64 theme identical 1289:1297 arg1 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 1 65 theme species 150:156 arg1 level 158:162 a species level 148:162 a species level 148:162 BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. 25896967 10 66 theme prebiotic 1855:1863 arg1 feeding 1873:1879 the influence prebiotic formula feeding 1841:1879 the influence prebiotic formula feeding 1841:1879 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 5 67 theme rRNA-internally 828:842 arg1 spacer 856:861 rRNA-internally transcribed spacer 828:861 rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis 828:890 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 10 68 theme bifidobacterial 1892:1906 arg1 population 1908:1917 the bifidobacterial population 1888:1917 the bifidobacterial population 1888:1917 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 10 69 theme unknown 1737:1743 arg1 level 1745:1749 a hitherto unknown level 1726:1749 a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants 1726:1835 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 7 70 located present 1336:1342 arg2 strain 1315:1320 an identical bifidobacterial strain 1286:1320 an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants 1286:1366 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 7 70 located present 1336:1342 arg1 infants 1360:1366 the other 49 infants 1347:1366 the other 49 infants 1347:1366 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 7 70 located present 1336:1342 arg2 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. 25896967 9 71 theme life 1626:1629 arg1 6 months 1614:1621 the first 6 months 1604:1621 the first 6 months of life 1604:1629 B. longum was the dominant species recovered from all three groups during the first 6 months of life, followed by Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum. 25896967 6 72 dep % 1140:1140 arg1 173 1149:1151 173 1149:1151 173 1149:1151 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 5 73 theme gene 869:872 arg1 analysis 883:890 rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis 828:890 rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis 828:890 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 6 74 theme bifidobacterial 977:991 arg1 strains 993:999 total,173 bifidobacterial strains 967:999 total,173 bifidobacterial strains 967:999 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 9 75 theme Bifidobacterium 1644:1658 arg1 breve 1660:1664 Bifidobacterium breve 1644:1664 Bifidobacterium breve 1644:1664 B. longum was the dominant species recovered from all three groups during the first 6 months of life, followed by Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum. 25896967 4 76 theme Culturable 684:693 arg1 populations 711:721 Culturable bifidobacterial populations 684:721 Culturable bifidobacterial populations 684:721 Culturable bifidobacterial populations were analysed at week 1, week 4 and 6 months of age. 25896967 1 77 theme BACKGROUND 60:69 arg1 studies 78:84 BACKGROUND Recent studies 60:84 BACKGROUND Recent studies 60:84 BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. 25896967 8 78 theme neonatal 1408:1415 arg1 period 1417:1422 the early neonatal period 1398:1422 the early neonatal period 1398:1422 Prebiotic supplementation in the early neonatal period increased the prevalence of Bifidobacterium longum in infants, in addition to promoting strain diversity. 25896967 6 79 from RESULTS 956:962 arg1 strains 993:999 total,173 bifidobacterial strains 967:999 total,173 bifidobacterial strains 967:999 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 0 80 theme neonatal 4:11 arg1 gut 13:15 The neonatal gut 0:15 The neonatal gut 0:15 The neonatal gut harbours distinct bifidobacterial strains. 25896967 5 81 theme pulsed 915:920 arg1 PFGE 949:952 PFGE 949:952 PFGE 949:952 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 5 81 theme pulsed 915:920 arg1 electrophoresis 932:946 pulsed field gel electrophoresis 915:946 pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) 915:953 Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 25896967 2 82 theme different 461:469 arg1 regimes 479:485 three different feeding regimes 455:485 three different feeding regimes 455:485 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 8 83 from supplementation 1379:1393 arg1 period 1417:1422 the early neonatal period 1398:1422 the early neonatal period 1398:1422 Prebiotic supplementation in the early neonatal period increased the prevalence of Bifidobacterium longum in infants, in addition to promoting strain diversity. 25896967 1 84 theme bifidobacterial 105:119 arg1 composition 121:131 the bifidobacterial composition 101:131 the bifidobacterial composition of neonates 101:143 BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. 25896967 2 85 theme term 439:442 arg1 infants 444:450 healthy term infants 431:450 healthy term infants 431:450 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 0 86 theme bifidobacterial 35:49 arg1 strains 51:57 distinct bifidobacterial strains 26:57 distinct bifidobacterial strains 26:57 The neonatal gut harbours distinct bifidobacterial strains. 25896967 6 87 dep % 1061:1061 arg1 173 1070:1072 173 1070:1072 173 1070:1072 RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. 25896967 2 88 theme strain 340:345 arg1 diversity 347:355 strain diversity 340:355 strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes 340:485 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 25896967 10 89 theme strain 1771:1776 arg1 level 1778:1782 the strain level 1767:1782 the strain level 1767:1782 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 4 90 theme age 771:773 arg1 week 740:743 week 1 740:745 week 1 740:745 Culturable bifidobacterial populations were analysed at week 1, week 4 and 6 months of age. 25896967 4 90 theme age 771:773 arg1 week 748:751 week 4 748:753 week 4 748:753 Culturable bifidobacterial populations were analysed at week 1, week 4 and 6 months of age. 25896967 4 90 theme age 771:773 arg1 6 months 759:766 6 months 759:766 6 months of age 759:773 Culturable bifidobacterial populations were analysed at week 1, week 4 and 6 months of age. 25896967 10 91 theme different 1819:1827 arg1 infants 1829:1835 different infants 1819:1835 different infants 1819:1835 CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population. 25896967 2 92 theme bifidobacterial 371:385 arg1 populations 387:397 culturable bifidobacterial populations 360:397 culturable bifidobacterial populations 360:397 OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. 27809542 0 0 theme Drug 101:104 arg1 Delivery 106:113 Drug Delivery 101:113 Drug Delivery 101:113 Preparation of Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Drug Delivery. 27809542 6 1 theme MCS/PVA 995:1001 arg1 nanofibers 1016:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 6 2 theme reductant-responsive 1127:1146 arg1 functions 1148:1156 reductant-responsive functions 1127:1156 reductant-responsive functions 1127:1156 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 1 3 theme hybrid 154:159 arg1 materials 237:245 wound dressing materials 222:245 wound dressing materials 222:245 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 1 3 theme hybrid 154:159 arg1 nanofibers 161:170 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers 116:170 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning 116:190 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 5 4 theme conventional 809:820 arg1 methodologies 836:848 conventional cross-linking methodologies 809:848 conventional cross-linking methodologies 809:848 Instead of using conventional cross-linking methodologies, the MCS/PVA nanofibers were further cross-linked by UV-irradiation with allyl disulfide as a cross-linker. 27809542 6 5 theme cross-linked 982:993 arg1 nanofibers 1016:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 7 6 theme wound 1342:1346 arg1 dressing 1348:1355 a potential wound dressing 1330:1355 a potential wound dressing 1330:1355 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 6 7 theme water 1073:1077 arg1 ability 1086:1092 high water regain ability 1068:1092 high water regain ability 1068:1092 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 6 8 theme disulfide 972:980 arg1 nanofibers 1016:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 7 9 theme tetracycline 1202:1213 arg1 hydrochloride 1215:1227 an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride 1188:1227 an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) 1188:1233 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 7 9 theme tetracycline 1202:1213 arg1 TCH 1230:1232 TCH 1230:1232 TCH 1230:1232 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 7 10 with capable 1300:1306 arg1 loading 1177:1183 a successful loading 1164:1183 a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features 1164:1271 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 3 11 theme N-maleoyl 557:565 arg1 MCS 588:590 MCS 588:590 MCS 588:590 In this context, water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan (MCS) was successfully synthesized and well characterized. 27809542 3 11 theme N-maleoyl 557:565 arg1 chitosan 578:585 water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan 543:585 water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan (MCS) 543:591 In this context, water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan (MCS) was successfully synthesized and well characterized. 27809542 4 12 theme spinning 681:688 arg1 water 670:674 neutral deionized water 652:674 neutral deionized water 652:674 Using neutral deionized water as a spinning solvent, MCS/PVA nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning under the optimal operating conditions. 27809542 4 12 theme spinning 681:688 arg1 solvent 690:696 a spinning solvent 679:696 a spinning solvent 679:696 Using neutral deionized water as a spinning solvent, MCS/PVA nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning under the optimal operating conditions. 27809542 6 13 theme high 1068:1071 arg1 ability 1086:1092 high water regain ability 1068:1092 high water regain ability 1068:1092 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 6 14 theme resulting 962:970 arg1 nanofibers 1016:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 7 15 theme hydrochloride 1215:1227 arg1 loading 1177:1183 a successful loading 1164:1183 a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features 1164:1271 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 3 16 theme functional 567:576 arg1 MCS 588:590 MCS 588:590 MCS 588:590 In this context, water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan (MCS) was successfully synthesized and well characterized. 27809542 3 16 theme functional 567:576 arg1 chitosan 578:585 water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan 543:585 water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan (MCS) 543:591 In this context, water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan (MCS) was successfully synthesized and well characterized. 27809542 5 17 theme allyl 923:927 arg1 disulfide 929:937 allyl disulfide 923:937 allyl disulfide as a cross-linker 923:955 Instead of using conventional cross-linking methodologies, the MCS/PVA nanofibers were further cross-linked by UV-irradiation with allyl disulfide as a cross-linker. 27809542 6 18 dep ability 1086:1092 arg1 regain 1079:1084 regain 1079:1084 regain 1079:1084 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 5 19 theme MCS/PVA 855:861 arg1 nanofibers 863:872 the MCS/PVA nanofibers 851:872 the MCS/PVA nanofibers 851:872 Instead of using conventional cross-linking methodologies, the MCS/PVA nanofibers were further cross-linked by UV-irradiation with allyl disulfide as a cross-linker. 27809542 6 20 link cross-linked 982:993 arg1 nanofibers 1016:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 2 21 theme spinning 411:418 arg1 solutions 398:406 acid solutions 393:406 acid solutions 393:406 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 2 21 theme spinning 411:418 arg1 solvents 420:427 spinning solvents 411:427 spinning solvents 411:427 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 7 22 theme antibiotic 1191:1200 arg1 hydrochloride 1215:1227 an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride 1188:1227 an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) 1188:1233 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 7 22 theme antibiotic 1191:1200 arg1 TCH 1230:1232 TCH 1230:1232 TCH 1230:1232 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 7 23 theme wounds 1400:1405 arg1 types 1391:1395 various types 1383:1395 various types of wounds 1383:1405 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 2 24 theme several 273:279 arg1 drawbacks 281:289 several drawbacks 273:289 several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions 273:523 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 2 25 theme toxic 459:463 arg1 cross-linkers 465:477 highly toxic cross-linkers 452:477 highly toxic cross-linkers 452:477 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 4 26 theme operating 770:778 arg1 conditions 780:789 the optimal operating conditions 758:789 the optimal operating conditions 758:789 Using neutral deionized water as a spinning solvent, MCS/PVA nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning under the optimal operating conditions. 27809542 7 27 theme ss-MCS/PVA 1274:1283 arg1 nanofibers 1285:1294 ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers 1274:1294 ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers 1274:1294 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 4 28 theme optimal 762:768 arg1 conditions 780:789 the optimal operating conditions 758:789 the optimal operating conditions 758:789 Using neutral deionized water as a spinning solvent, MCS/PVA nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning under the optimal operating conditions. 27809542 2 29 theme acid 393:396 arg1 lack 488:491 the lack 484:491 the lack of stimuli-responsive functions 484:523 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 2 29 theme acid 393:396 arg1 solutions 398:406 acid solutions 393:406 acid solutions 393:406 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 2 29 theme acid 393:396 arg1 solvents 420:427 spinning solvents 411:427 spinning solvents 411:427 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 2 29 theme acid 393:396 arg1 need 434:437 the need 430:437 the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers 430:477 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 0 30 theme N-Maleoyl-Functional 36:55 arg1 Chitosan/Poly 57:69 Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly 15:69 Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) 15:84 Preparation of Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Drug Delivery. 27809542 0 30 theme N-Maleoyl-Functional 36:55 arg1 alcohol 77:83 vinyl alcohol 71:83 vinyl alcohol 71:83 Preparation of Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Drug Delivery. 27809542 6 31 theme water 1051:1055 arg1 stability 1057:1065 great water stability 1045:1065 great water stability 1045:1065 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 2 32 theme processing 313:322 arg1 necessity 374:382 the necessity 370:382 the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions 370:523 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 2 32 theme processing 313:322 arg1 procedures 324:333 their processing procedures 307:333 their processing procedures 307:333 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 4 33 theme deionized 660:668 arg1 water 670:674 neutral deionized water 652:674 neutral deionized water 652:674 Using neutral deionized water as a spinning solvent, MCS/PVA nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning under the optimal operating conditions. 27809542 4 33 theme deionized 660:668 arg1 solvent 690:696 a spinning solvent 679:696 a spinning solvent 679:696 Using neutral deionized water as a spinning solvent, MCS/PVA nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning under the optimal operating conditions. 27809542 0 34 theme Reductant-Responsive 15:34 arg1 Chitosan/Poly 57:69 Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly 15:69 Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) 15:84 Preparation of Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Drug Delivery. 27809542 0 34 theme Reductant-Responsive 15:34 arg1 alcohol 77:83 vinyl alcohol 71:83 vinyl alcohol 71:83 Preparation of Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Drug Delivery. 27809542 6 35 theme great 1045:1049 arg1 stability 1057:1065 great water stability 1045:1065 great water stability 1045:1065 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 7 36 theme successful 1166:1175 arg1 loading 1177:1183 a successful loading 1164:1183 a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features 1164:1271 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 4 37 theme neutral 652:658 arg1 water 670:674 neutral deionized water 652:674 neutral deionized water 652:674 Using neutral deionized water as a spinning solvent, MCS/PVA nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning under the optimal operating conditions. 27809542 4 37 theme neutral 652:658 arg1 solvent 690:696 a spinning solvent 679:696 a spinning solvent 679:696 Using neutral deionized water as a spinning solvent, MCS/PVA nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning under the optimal operating conditions. 27809542 5 38 theme cross-linking 822:834 arg1 methodologies 836:848 conventional cross-linking methodologies 809:848 conventional cross-linking methodologies 809:848 Instead of using conventional cross-linking methodologies, the MCS/PVA nanofibers were further cross-linked by UV-irradiation with allyl disulfide as a cross-linker. 27809542 7 39 theme various 1383:1389 arg1 types 1391:1395 various types 1383:1395 various types of wounds 1383:1405 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 0 40 theme Chitosan/Poly 57:69 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) 0:84 Preparation of Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Drug Delivery. 27809542 7 41 theme favorable 1245:1253 arg1 features 1264:1271 those favorable material features 1239:1271 those favorable material features 1239:1271 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 7 42 theme material 1255:1262 arg1 features 1264:1271 those favorable material features 1239:1271 those favorable material features 1239:1271 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 1 43 theme wound 222:226 arg1 materials 237:245 wound dressing materials 222:245 wound dressing materials 222:245 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 1 43 theme wound 222:226 arg1 nanofibers 161:170 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers 116:170 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning 116:190 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 1 44 used used 214:217 arg2 nanofibers 161:170 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers 116:170 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning 116:190 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 1 44 used used 214:217 arg2 materials 237:245 wound dressing materials 222:245 wound dressing materials 222:245 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 1 45 theme vinyl 130:134 arg1 Chitosan/poly 116:128 Chitosan/poly 116:128 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning 116:190 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 1 45 theme vinyl 130:134 arg1 alcohol 136:142 vinyl alcohol 130:142 vinyl alcohol 130:142 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 0 46 theme vinyl 71:75 arg1 Chitosan/Poly 57:69 Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly 15:69 Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) 15:84 Preparation of Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Drug Delivery. 27809542 0 46 theme vinyl 71:75 arg1 alcohol 77:83 vinyl alcohol 71:83 vinyl alcohol 71:83 Preparation of Reductant-Responsive N-Maleoyl-Functional Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Drug Delivery. 27809542 6 47 theme ss-MCS/PVA 1004:1013 arg1 nanofibers 1016:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers 958:1025 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 1 48 theme Chitosan/poly 116:128 arg1 materials 237:245 wound dressing materials 222:245 wound dressing materials 222:245 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 1 48 theme Chitosan/poly 116:128 arg1 nanofibers 161:170 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers 116:170 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning 116:190 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 1 49 theme dressing 228:235 arg1 materials 237:245 wound dressing materials 222:245 wound dressing materials 222:245 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 1 49 theme dressing 228:235 arg1 nanofibers 161:170 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers 116:170 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning 116:190 Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hybrid nanofibers via electrospinning have been extensively used as wound dressing materials. 27809542 3 50 theme water-soluble 543:555 arg1 MCS 588:590 MCS 588:590 MCS 588:590 In this context, water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan (MCS) was successfully synthesized and well characterized. 27809542 3 50 theme water-soluble 543:555 arg1 chitosan 578:585 water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan 543:585 water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan (MCS) 543:591 In this context, water-soluble N-maleoyl functional chitosan (MCS) was successfully synthesized and well characterized. 27809542 2 51 theme material 339:346 arg1 necessity 374:382 the necessity 370:382 the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions 370:523 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 2 51 theme material 339:346 arg1 properties 348:357 material properties 339:357 material properties 339:357 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 6 52 theme insignificant 1095:1107 arg1 cytotoxicity 1109:1120 insignificant cytotoxicity 1095:1120 insignificant cytotoxicity 1095:1120 The resulting disulfide cross-linked MCS/PVA (ss-MCS/PVA) nanofibers have demonstrated great water stability, high water regain ability, insignificant cytotoxicity, and reductant-responsive functions. 27809542 2 53 theme functions 515:523 arg1 lack 488:491 the lack 484:491 the lack of stimuli-responsive functions 484:523 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 2 53 theme functions 515:523 arg1 solutions 398:406 acid solutions 393:406 acid solutions 393:406 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 2 53 theme functions 515:523 arg1 solvents 420:427 spinning solvents 411:427 spinning solvents 411:427 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 2 53 theme functions 515:523 arg1 need 434:437 the need 430:437 the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers 430:477 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 7 54 theme types 1391:1395 arg1 healing 1372:1378 the healing 1368:1378 the healing of various types of wounds 1368:1405 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 2 55 theme stimuli-responsive 496:513 arg1 functions 515:523 stimuli-responsive functions 496:523 stimuli-responsive functions 496:523 However, there are still several drawbacks associated with their processing procedures and material properties, including the necessity of using acid solutions as spinning solvents, the need of employing highly toxic cross-linkers, and the lack of stimuli-responsive functions. 27809542 7 56 theme features 1264:1271 arg1 loading 1177:1183 a successful loading 1164:1183 a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features 1164:1271 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 27809542 4 57 theme MCS/PVA 699:705 arg1 nanofibers 707:716 MCS/PVA nanofibers 699:716 MCS/PVA nanofibers 699:716 Using neutral deionized water as a spinning solvent, MCS/PVA nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning under the optimal operating conditions. 27809542 7 58 theme potential 1332:1340 arg1 dressing 1348:1355 a potential wound dressing 1330:1355 a potential wound dressing 1330:1355 With a successful loading of an antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and those favorable material features, ss-MCS/PVA nanofibers are capable of being exploited as a potential wound dressing to promote the healing of various types of wounds. 24438897 11 0 theme VEGF 1476:1479 arg1 hUCMSCs 1495:1501 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1458:1501 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1458:1501 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs were prepared with the use of a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology. 24438897 6 1 theme hUCMSC-derived 965:978 arg1 fibroblasts 980:990 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts 965:990 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts 965:990 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts were implanted on composite scaffolds to construct TED. 24438897 1 2 dep dermis 192:197 arg1 TED 200:202 TED 200:202 TED 200:202 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 9 3 theme laser 1275:1279 arg1 composite 1285:1293 The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite 1253:1293 The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite 1253:1293 RESULTS The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite has a uniform microporous structure. 24438897 0 4 theme Microencapsulated 0:16 arg1 cells 72:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 5 5 theme freeze 905:910 arg1 dehydration 912:922 the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method 901:962 dehydration 912:922 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 12 6 theme defect 1731:1736 arg1 wounds 1738:1743 the skin defect wounds 1722:1743 the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs 1722:1774 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 2 7 theme TED 570:572 arg1 vascularization 551:565 vascularization 551:565 vascularization of TED 551:572 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 12 8 link cell-derived 1651:1662 arg1 hUCMSCs 1709:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 0 9 theme experimental 138:149 arg1 study 151:155 an experimental study 135:155 the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study 86:155 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 3 10 theme METHODS 575:581 arg1 hUCMSCs 583:589 METHODS hUCMSCs 575:589 METHODS hUCMSCs 575:589 METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated by means of enzymatic digestion and identified by means of testing biological characteristics. 24438897 14 11 dep CONCLUSIONS 1922:1932 arg1 improve 1995:2001 improve 1995:2001 improve the vascularization of TED 1995:2028 CONCLUSIONS Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs can effectively improve the vascularization of TED and consequently the quality of wound healing. 24438897 14 11 dep CONCLUSIONS 1922:1932 arg1 quality 2051:2057 the quality 2047:2057 the quality of wound healing 2047:2074 CONCLUSIONS Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs can effectively improve the vascularization of TED and consequently the quality of wound healing. 24438897 9 12 theme microporous 1309:1319 arg1 structure 1321:1329 a uniform microporous structure 1299:1329 a uniform microporous structure 1299:1329 RESULTS The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite has a uniform microporous structure. 24438897 1 13 theme best 226:229 arg1 treatment 231:239 the best treatment 222:239 the best treatment for skin defect wounds 222:262 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 1 13 theme best 226:229 arg1 dermis 192:197 Tissue-engineered dermis 174:197 Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) 174:203 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 12 14 theme hUCMSCs 1709:1715 arg1 transplantation 1623:1637 the transplantation 1619:1637 the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs 1619:1774 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 4 15 theme dermal 743:748 arg1 fibroblasts 750:760 dermal fibroblasts 743:760 dermal fibroblasts 743:760 hUCMSCs were induced to differentiate into dermal fibroblasts in conditioned induction media. 24438897 7 16 with TED 1048:1050 arg1 hUCMSCs 1094:1100 microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1057:1100 microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1057:1100 TED with microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs was then transplanted into skin defect wounds in pigs. 24438897 12 17 dep days 1608:1611 arg1 transplantation 1623:1637 the transplantation 1619:1637 the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs 1619:1774 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 7 18 theme skin 1129:1132 arg1 wounds 1141:1146 skin defect wounds 1129:1146 skin defect wounds in pigs 1129:1154 TED with microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs was then transplanted into skin defect wounds in pigs. 24438897 7 19 theme VEGF 1075:1078 arg1 hUCMSCs 1094:1100 microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1057:1100 microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1057:1100 TED with microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs was then transplanted into skin defect wounds in pigs. 24438897 2 20 theme growth 527:532 arg1 VEGF 542:545 VEGF 542:545 VEGF 542:545 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 2 20 theme growth 527:532 arg1 factor 534:539 vascular endothelial growth factor 506:539 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 506:546 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 5 21 theme laser 812:816 arg1 drilling 818:825 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling 794:825 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 5 22 theme cross-linking 943:955 arg1 method 957:962 the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method 901:962 method 957:962 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 8 23 theme TED 1177:1179 arg1 angiogenesis 1161:1172 The angiogenesis 1157:1172 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks 1157:1228 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks were observed. 24438897 12 24 theme VEGF 1690:1693 arg1 hUCMSCs 1709:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 2 25 theme vascular 506:513 arg1 VEGF 542:545 VEGF 542:545 VEGF 542:545 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 2 25 theme vascular 506:513 arg1 factor 534:539 vascular endothelial growth factor 506:539 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 506:546 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 5 26 theme acellular 827:835 arg1 scaffold 867:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 14 27 theme gene-modified 1957:1969 arg1 hUCMSCs 1971:1977 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1934:1977 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1934:1977 CONCLUSIONS Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs can effectively improve the vascularization of TED and consequently the quality of wound healing. 24438897 0 28 theme tissue-engineered 109:125 arg1 dermis 127:132 tissue-engineered dermis 109:132 tissue-engineered dermis 109:132 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 12 29 theme cell-derived 1651:1662 arg1 hUCMSCs 1709:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 11 30 theme sodium 1535:1540 arg1 technology 1590:1599 a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1533:1599 a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1533:1599 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs were prepared with the use of a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology. 24438897 2 31 theme therapeutic 395:405 arg1 potential 407:415 the therapeutic potential 391:415 the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED 391:572 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 0 32 theme mesenchymal 52:62 arg1 cells 72:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 2 33 theme stromal 471:477 arg1 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 2 33 theme stromal 471:477 arg1 cells 479:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 420:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 420:546 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 10 34 used used 1356:1359 arg2 composite 1337:1345 This composite 1332:1345 This composite 1332:1345 This composite has been used to grow hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts in vitro and to successfully construct stem cell-derived TED. 24438897 4 35 theme induction 777:785 arg1 media 787:791 conditioned induction media 765:791 conditioned induction media 765:791 hUCMSCs were induced to differentiate into dermal fibroblasts in conditioned induction media. 24438897 5 36 theme composite 857:865 arg1 scaffold 867:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 14 37 theme VEGF 1952:1955 arg1 hUCMSCs 1971:1977 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1934:1977 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1934:1977 CONCLUSIONS Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs can effectively improve the vascularization of TED and consequently the quality of wound healing. 24438897 0 38 dep vascularization 90:104 arg1 study 151:155 an experimental study 135:155 the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study 86:155 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 2 39 theme cord 454:457 arg1 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 2 39 theme cord 454:457 arg1 cells 479:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 420:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 420:546 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 11 40 theme encapsulation 1576:1588 arg1 technology 1590:1599 a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1533:1599 a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1533:1599 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs were prepared with the use of a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology. 24438897 2 41 theme human 438:442 arg1 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 2 41 theme human 438:442 arg1 cells 479:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 420:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 420:546 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 0 42 theme gene-modified 23:35 arg1 cells 72:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 1 43 theme vascular 282:289 arg1 structures 291:300 vascular structures 282:300 vascular structures 282:300 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 11 44 theme chloride 1558:1565 arg1 technology 1590:1599 a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1533:1599 a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1533:1599 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs were prepared with the use of a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology. 24438897 12 45 theme pigs 1771:1774 arg1 backs 1752:1756 the backs 1748:1756 the backs of miniature pigs 1748:1774 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 10 46 theme hUCMSC-derived 1369:1382 arg1 fibroblasts 1384:1394 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts 1369:1394 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts 1369:1394 This composite has been used to grow hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts in vitro and to successfully construct stem cell-derived TED. 24438897 0 47 theme cord 47:50 arg1 cells 72:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 5 48 theme matrix 844:849 arg1 scaffold 867:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 5 49 theme ADM 852:854 arg1 scaffold 867:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 8 50 from weeks 1224:1228 arg1 week 1186:1189 1 week 1184:1189 1 week 1184:1189 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks were observed. 24438897 8 50 from weeks 1224:1228 arg1 status 1195:1200 status 1195:1200 status 1195:1200 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks were observed. 24438897 1 51 theme Tissue-engineered 174:190 arg1 treatment 231:239 the best treatment 222:239 the best treatment for skin defect wounds 222:262 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 1 51 theme Tissue-engineered 174:190 arg1 dermis 192:197 Tissue-engineered dermis 174:197 Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) 174:203 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 11 52 theme gene-modified 1481:1493 arg1 hUCMSCs 1495:1501 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1458:1501 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1458:1501 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs were prepared with the use of a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology. 24438897 14 53 theme wound 2062:2066 arg1 healing 2068:2074 wound healing 2062:2074 wound healing 2062:2074 CONCLUSIONS Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs can effectively improve the vascularization of TED and consequently the quality of wound healing. 24438897 1 54 theme skin 245:248 arg1 wounds 257:262 skin defect wounds 245:262 skin defect wounds 245:262 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 7 55 from wounds 1141:1146 arg1 pigs 1151:1154 pigs 1151:1154 pigs 1151:1154 TED with microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs was then transplanted into skin defect wounds in pigs. 24438897 11 56 theme Microencapsulated 1458:1474 arg1 hUCMSCs 1495:1501 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1458:1501 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1458:1501 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs were prepared with the use of a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology. 24438897 9 57 contain has 1295:1297 arg2 structure 1321:1329 a uniform microporous structure 1299:1329 a uniform microporous structure 1299:1329 RESULTS The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite has a uniform microporous structure. 24438897 9 57 contain has 1295:1297 arg1 composite 1285:1293 The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite 1253:1293 The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite 1253:1293 RESULTS The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite has a uniform microporous structure. 24438897 8 58 theme healing 1211:1217 arg1 week 1186:1189 1 week 1184:1189 1 week 1184:1189 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks were observed. 24438897 8 58 theme healing 1211:1217 arg1 status 1195:1200 status 1195:1200 status 1195:1200 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks were observed. 24438897 12 59 theme skin 1726:1729 arg1 wounds 1738:1743 the skin defect wounds 1722:1743 the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs 1722:1774 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 10 60 link cell-derived 1440:1451 arg1 TED 1453:1455 TED 1453:1455 TED 1453:1455 This composite has been used to grow hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts in vitro and to successfully construct stem cell-derived TED. 24438897 9 61 theme collagen-chitosan 1257:1273 arg1 composite 1285:1293 The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite 1253:1293 The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite 1253:1293 RESULTS The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite has a uniform microporous structure. 24438897 14 62 theme healing 2068:2074 arg1 quality 2051:2057 the quality 2047:2057 the quality of wound healing 2047:2074 CONCLUSIONS Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs can effectively improve the vascularization of TED and consequently the quality of wound healing. 24438897 0 63 theme stromal 64:70 arg1 cells 72:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 12 64 theme stem 1646:1649 arg1 hUCMSCs 1709:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 12 65 theme vascularization 1842:1856 arg1 degree 1832:1837 a higher degree 1823:1837 a higher degree of vascularization 1823:1856 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 1 66 from lack 274:277 arg1 products 311:318 these products 305:318 these products 305:318 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 9 67 theme ADM 1281:1283 arg1 composite 1285:1293 The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite 1253:1293 The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite 1253:1293 RESULTS The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite has a uniform microporous structure. 24438897 12 68 theme higher 1825:1830 arg1 degree 1832:1837 a higher degree 1823:1837 a higher degree of vascularization 1823:1856 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 13 69 theme wound 1887:1891 arg1 Re-epithelialization 1859:1878 Re-epithelialization 1859:1878 Re-epithelialization of the wound 1859:1891 Re-epithelialization of the wound was completed after 3 weeks. 24438897 9 70 theme uniform 1301:1307 arg1 structure 1321:1329 a uniform microporous structure 1299:1329 a uniform microporous structure 1299:1329 RESULTS The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite has a uniform microporous structure. 24438897 7 71 theme defect 1134:1139 arg1 wounds 1141:1146 skin defect wounds 1129:1146 skin defect wounds in pigs 1129:1154 TED with microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs was then transplanted into skin defect wounds in pigs. 24438897 6 72 theme composite 1010:1018 arg1 scaffolds 1020:1028 composite scaffolds 1010:1028 composite scaffolds 1010:1028 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts were implanted on composite scaffolds to construct TED. 24438897 12 73 theme microencapsulated 1672:1688 arg1 hUCMSCs 1709:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 11 74 theme technology 1590:1599 arg1 use 1526:1528 the use 1522:1528 the use of a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1522:1599 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs were prepared with the use of a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology. 24438897 5 75 theme Collagen-chitosan 794:810 arg1 drilling 818:825 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling 794:825 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 3 76 theme enzymatic 617:625 arg1 digestion 627:635 enzymatic digestion 617:635 enzymatic digestion 617:635 METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated by means of enzymatic digestion and identified by means of testing biological characteristics. 24438897 7 77 theme gene-modified 1080:1092 arg1 hUCMSCs 1094:1100 microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1057:1100 microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1057:1100 TED with microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs was then transplanted into skin defect wounds in pigs. 24438897 5 78 theme dehydrothermal 928:941 arg1 method 957:962 the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method 901:962 method 957:962 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 9 79 dep RESULTS 1245:1251 arg1 has 1295:1297 has 1295:1297 has a uniform microporous structure 1295:1329 RESULTS The collagen-chitosan laser ADM composite has a uniform microporous structure. 24438897 12 80 theme gene-modified 1695:1707 arg1 hUCMSCs 1709:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 2 81 theme endothelial 515:525 arg1 VEGF 542:545 VEGF 542:545 VEGF 542:545 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 2 81 theme endothelial 515:525 arg1 factor 534:539 vascular endothelial growth factor 506:539 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 506:546 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 5 82 theme drilling 818:825 arg1 scaffold 867:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 1 83 theme slow 330:333 arg1 vascularization 335:349 slow vascularization 330:349 slow vascularization 330:349 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 7 84 theme microencapsulated 1057:1073 arg1 hUCMSCs 1094:1100 microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1057:1100 microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1057:1100 TED with microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs was then transplanted into skin defect wounds in pigs. 24438897 8 85 from status 1195:1200 arg1 angiogenesis 1161:1172 The angiogenesis 1157:1172 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks 1157:1228 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks were observed. 24438897 12 86 contain had 1819:1821 arg2 degree 1832:1837 a higher degree 1823:1837 a higher degree of vascularization 1823:1856 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 12 86 contain had 1819:1821 arg1 TED 1815:1817 TED 1815:1817 TED 1815:1817 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 0 87 theme dermis 127:132 arg1 vascularization 90:104 the vascularization 86:104 the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study 86:155 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 8 88 from week 1186:1189 arg1 angiogenesis 1161:1172 The angiogenesis 1157:1172 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks 1157:1228 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks were observed. 24438897 1 89 theme transplant 359:368 arg1 failure 370:376 transplant failure 359:376 transplant failure 359:376 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 6 90 link hUCMSC-derived 965:978 arg1 fibroblasts 980:990 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts 965:990 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts 965:990 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts were implanted on composite scaffolds to construct TED. 24438897 0 91 theme VEGF 18:21 arg1 cells 72:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 12 92 theme VEGF 1781:1784 arg1 expression 1786:1795 the VEGF expression 1777:1795 the VEGF expression 1777:1795 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 2 93 theme mesenchymal 459:469 arg1 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 2 93 theme mesenchymal 459:469 arg1 cells 479:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 420:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 420:546 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 4 94 theme conditioned 765:775 arg1 media 787:791 conditioned induction media 765:791 conditioned induction media 765:791 hUCMSCs were induced to differentiate into dermal fibroblasts in conditioned induction media. 24438897 11 95 theme one-step 1567:1574 arg1 technology 1590:1599 a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1533:1599 a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1533:1599 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs were prepared with the use of a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology. 24438897 0 96 theme umbilical 37:45 arg1 cells 72:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 0:76 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells promote the vascularization of tissue-engineered dermis: an experimental study. 24438897 14 97 theme Microencapsulated 1934:1950 arg1 hUCMSCs 1971:1977 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1934:1977 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1934:1977 CONCLUSIONS Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs can effectively improve the vascularization of TED and consequently the quality of wound healing. 24438897 2 98 theme umbilical 444:452 arg1 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 2 98 theme umbilical 444:452 arg1 cells 479:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 420:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 420:546 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 11 99 theme alginate-barium 1542:1556 arg1 technology 1590:1599 a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1533:1599 a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology 1533:1599 Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs were prepared with the use of a sodium alginate-barium chloride one-step encapsulation technology. 24438897 2 100 theme microencapsulated 420:436 arg1 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 hUCMSCs 486:492 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 2 100 theme microencapsulated 420:436 arg1 cells 479:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells 420:483 microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 420:546 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 5 101 theme dermal 837:842 arg1 scaffold 867:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold 794:874 Collagen-chitosan laser drilling acellular dermal matrix (ADM) composite scaffold was prepared by means of the freeze dehydration and dehydrothermal cross-linking method. 24438897 1 102 theme structures 291:300 arg1 lack 274:277 lack 274:277 lack of vascular structures in these products 274:318 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 12 103 from wounds 1738:1743 arg1 backs 1752:1756 the backs 1748:1756 the backs of miniature pigs 1748:1774 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 12 104 theme miniature 1761:1769 arg1 pigs 1771:1774 miniature pigs 1761:1774 miniature pigs 1761:1774 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 12 105 theme TED 1664:1666 arg1 hUCMSCs 1709:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs 1642:1715 Seven days after the transplantation of the stem cell-derived TED and microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs into the skin defect wounds on the backs of miniature pigs, the VEGF expression increased and the TED had a higher degree of vascularization. 24438897 2 106 theme cells 479:483 arg1 potential 407:415 the therapeutic potential 391:415 the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED 391:572 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 10 107 link hUCMSC-derived 1369:1382 arg1 fibroblasts 1384:1394 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts 1369:1394 hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts 1369:1394 This composite has been used to grow hUCMSC-derived fibroblasts in vitro and to successfully construct stem cell-derived TED. 24438897 3 108 theme biological 672:681 arg1 characteristics 683:697 biological characteristics 672:697 biological characteristics 672:697 METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated by means of enzymatic digestion and identified by means of testing biological characteristics. 24438897 8 109 theme wound 1205:1209 arg1 healing 1211:1217 wound healing 1205:1217 wound healing 1205:1217 The angiogenesis of TED at 1 week and status of wound healing at 3 weeks were observed. 24438897 14 110 theme TED 2026:2028 arg1 vascularization 2007:2021 the vascularization 2003:2021 the vascularization of TED 2003:2028 CONCLUSIONS Microencapsulated VEGF gene-modified hUCMSCs can effectively improve the vascularization of TED and consequently the quality of wound healing. 24438897 2 111 from potential 407:415 arg1 vascularization 551:565 vascularization 551:565 vascularization of TED 551:572 We assessed the therapeutic potential of microencapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vascularization of TED. 24438897 1 112 theme defect 250:255 arg1 wounds 257:262 skin defect wounds 245:262 skin defect wounds 245:262 BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue-engineered dermis (TED) is thought to be the best treatment for skin defect wounds; however, lack of vascular structures in these products can cause slow vascularization or even transplant failure. 24438897 3 113 dep testing 664:670 arg1 means 655:659 means 655:659 means 655:659 METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated by means of enzymatic digestion and identified by means of testing biological characteristics. 26883212 6 0 from d-alanine 775:783 arg1 peptidoglycan 831:843 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 817:843 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 817:843 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 3 1 theme Agromyces 435:443 arg1 43045T 457:462 Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T 435:462 Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %) 435:471 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 1 theme Agromyces 435:443 arg1 % 470:470 97.1 % 465:470 97.1 % 465:470 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 9 2 theme genus 1218:1222 arg1 Agromyces 1224:1232 the genus Agromyces 1214:1232 the genus Agromyces 1214:1232 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, and low DNA-DNA hybridization values, strain CFH S0483T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 3 contain has 340:342 arg1 strain 294:299 the strain 290:299 the strain 290:299 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 3 contain has 340:342 arg1 member 306:311 a member 304:311 a member of the genus Agromyces 304:334 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 3 contain has 340:342 arg2 similarities 375:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 344:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces 344:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 8 4 theme DNA 1000:1002 arg1 % 1049:1049 71.6 mol% 1041:1049 71.6 mol% 1041:1049 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 8 4 theme DNA 1000:1002 arg1 content 1008:1014 The genomic DNA G+C content 988:1014 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T 988:1035 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 4 5 theme Strain 559:564 arg1 S0483T 570:575 Strain CFH S0483T 559:575 Strain CFH S0483T 559:575 Strain CFH S0483T was able to grow at 10-37 °C, at pH 7.0-9.0 and tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v). 26883212 10 6 theme Agromyces 1349:1357 arg1 sp 1367:1368 the name Agromyces insulae sp 1340:1368 the name Agromyces insulae sp 1340:1368 Strain CFH S0483T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces insulae sp. 26883212 8 7 theme strain 1019:1024 arg1 S0483T 1030:1035 strain CFH S0483T 1019:1035 strain CFH S0483T 1019:1035 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 6 8 theme cell-wall 821:829 arg1 peptidoglycan 831:843 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 817:843 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 817:843 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 8 9 theme S0483T 1030:1035 arg1 % 1049:1049 71.6 mol% 1041:1049 71.6 mol% 1041:1049 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 8 9 theme S0483T 1030:1035 arg1 content 1008:1014 The genomic DNA G+C content 988:1014 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T 988:1035 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 6 10 contain contained 738:746 arg2 d-alanine 775:783 d-alanine 775:783 d-alanine 775:783 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 6 10 contain contained 738:746 arg2 glycine 806:812 glycine 806:812 glycine 806:812 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 6 10 contain contained 738:746 arg1 isolate 730:736 The isolate 726:736 The isolate 726:736 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 6 10 contain contained 738:746 arg2 acid 797:800 d-glutamic acid 786:800 d-glutamic acid 786:800 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 6 10 contain contained 738:746 arg2 acid 769:772 l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid 748:772 l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid 748:772 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 2 11 theme novel 78:82 arg1 bacterium 128:136 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium 76:136 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium 76:136 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 7 12 theme major 915:919 arg1 anteiso-C15  938:949 anteiso-C15  938:949 anteiso-C15  938:949 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 7 12 theme major 915:919 arg1 acids 927:931 the major fatty acids 911:931 the major fatty acids 911:931 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 3 13 theme type 505:508 arg1 strains 510:516 type strains 505:516 type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces 505:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 7 14 theme menaquinone 876:886 arg1 system 888:893 a menaquinone system 874:893 a menaquinone system 874:893 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 8 15 theme 71.6 mol 1041:1048 arg1 % 1049:1049 71.6 mol% 1041:1049 71.6 mol% 1041:1049 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 8 15 theme 71.6 mol 1041:1048 arg1 content 1008:1014 The genomic DNA G+C content 988:1014 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T 988:1035 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 3 16 theme sequence 260:267 arg1 analysis 269:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 246:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 246:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 7 17 dep  0 951:952 arg1  0 984:985  0 984:985  0 984:985 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 7 17 dep  0 951:952 arg1 iso-C16  975:982 iso-C16  975:982 iso-C16  975:982 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 7 17 dep  0 951:952 arg1  0 968:969  0 968:969  0 968:969 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 6 18 theme d-glutamic 786:795 arg1 acid 797:800 d-glutamic acid 786:800 d-glutamic acid 786:800 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 3 19 theme rRNA 250:253 arg1 analysis 269:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 246:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 246:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 20 theme species 527:533 arg1 strains 510:516 type strains 505:516 type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces 505:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 7 21 theme CFH 853:855 arg1 S0483T 857:862 Strain CFH S0483T 846:862 Strain CFH S0483T 846:862 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 12 22 theme CFH 1408:1410 arg1 2014301T 1446:1453  = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T 1420:1453  = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T 1420:1453 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 12 22 theme CFH 1408:1410 arg1 strain 1398:1403 The type strain 1389:1403 The type strain 1389:1403 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 12 22 theme CFH 1408:1410 arg1 S0483T 1412:1417 CFH S0483T 1408:1417 CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T) 1408:1454 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 4 23 dep 2.0  646:649 arg1 to 643:644 to 643:644 to 643:644 Strain CFH S0483T was able to grow at 10-37 °C, at pH 7.0-9.0 and tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v). 26883212 10 24 theme CFH 1242:1244 arg1 S0483T 1246:1251 Strain CFH S0483T 1235:1251 Strain CFH S0483T 1235:1251 Strain CFH S0483T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces insulae sp. 26883212 3 25 with % 498:498 arg1 strains 510:516 type strains 505:516 type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces 505:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 9 26 theme DNA-DNA 1111:1117 arg1 values 1133:1138 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1107:1138 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1107:1138 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, and low DNA-DNA hybridization values, strain CFH S0483T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 12 27 theme AB 1443:1444 arg1 2014301T 1446:1453  = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T 1420:1453  = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T 1420:1453 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 12 27 theme AB 1443:1444 arg1 S0483T 1412:1417 CFH S0483T 1408:1417 CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T) 1408:1454 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 4 28 from NaCl 635:638 arg1 able 581:584 able 581:584 able 581:584 Strain CFH S0483T was able to grow at 10-37 °C, at pH 7.0-9.0 and tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v). 26883212 1 29 theme soil 63:66 arg1 sample 68:73 a soil sample 61:73 a soil sample 61:73 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample. 26883212 3 30 theme Agromyces 326:334 arg1 strain 294:299 the strain 290:299 the strain 290:299 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 30 theme Agromyces 326:334 arg1 member 306:311 a member 304:311 a member of the genus Agromyces 304:334 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 31 theme gene 361:364 arg1 similarities 375:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 344:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces 344:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 5 32 theme whole-cell 663:672 arg1 mannose 686:692 mannose 686:692 mannose 686:692 The whole-cell sugars were mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 26883212 5 32 theme whole-cell 663:672 arg1 sugars 674:679 The whole-cell sugars 659:679 The whole-cell sugars 659:679 The whole-cell sugars were mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 26883212 9 33 theme strain 1141:1146 arg1 S0483T 1152:1157 strain CFH S0483T 1141:1157 strain CFH S0483T 1141:1157 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, and low DNA-DNA hybridization values, strain CFH S0483T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 34 dep Agromyces 435:443 arg1 ramosus 445:451 ramosus 445:451 ramosus 445:451 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 35 theme DSM 411:413 arg1 % 428:428 97.3 % 423:428 97.3 % 423:428 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 35 theme DSM 411:413 arg1 16389T 415:420 Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T 393:420 Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) 393:429 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 12 36 theme  = KCTC 1420:1426 arg1 2014301T 1446:1453  = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T 1420:1453  = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T 1420:1453 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 12 36 theme  = KCTC 1420:1426 arg1 S0483T 1412:1417 CFH S0483T 1408:1417 CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T) 1408:1454 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 3 37 theme 16S 352:354 arg1 similarities 375:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 344:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces 344:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 10 38 theme novel 1292:1296 arg1 species 1298:1304 a novel species 1290:1304 a novel species 1290:1304 Strain CFH S0483T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces insulae sp. 26883212 3 39 theme Agromyces 548:556 arg1 species 527:533 other species 521:533 other species of the genus Agromyces 521:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 40 theme Agromyces 393:401 arg1 % 428:428 97.3 % 423:428 97.3 % 423:428 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 40 theme Agromyces 393:401 arg1 16389T 415:420 Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T 393:420 Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) 393:429 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 2 41 dep Gram-reaction-positive 84:105 arg1 non-motile 108:117 non-motile 108:117 non-motile 108:117 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 2 41 dep Gram-reaction-positive 84:105 arg1 aerobic 120:126 aerobic 120:126 aerobic 120:126 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 6 42 from acid 797:800 arg1 peptidoglycan 831:843 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 817:843 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 817:843 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 2 43 theme CFH 150:152 arg1 S0483T 154:159 CFH S0483T 150:159 CFH S0483T 150:159 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 6 44 from glycine 806:812 arg1 peptidoglycan 831:843 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 817:843 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 817:843 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 0 45 dep sp 18:19 arg1 Agromyces 0:8 Agromyces 0:8 Agromyces 0:8 Agromyces insulae sp. 26883212 10 46 theme name 1344:1347 arg1 sp 1367:1368 the name Agromyces insulae sp 1340:1368 the name Agromyces insulae sp 1340:1368 Strain CFH S0483T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces insulae sp. 26883212 3 47 dep 16389T 415:420 arg1 % 498:498 < 97.0 % 491:498 < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces 491:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 2 48 theme Gram-reaction-positive 84:105 arg1 bacterium 128:136 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium 76:136 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium 76:136 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 9 49 theme Agromyces 1224:1232 arg1 species 1203:1209 any recognized species 1188:1209 any recognized species of the genus Agromyces 1188:1232 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, and low DNA-DNA hybridization values, strain CFH S0483T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 6 50 theme l-2,4-diaminobutyric 748:767 arg1 acid 769:772 l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid 748:772 l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid 748:772 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 10 51 theme insulae 1359:1365 arg1 sp 1367:1368 the name Agromyces insulae sp 1340:1368 the name Agromyces insulae sp 1340:1368 Strain CFH S0483T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces insulae sp. 26883212 8 52 theme genomic 992:998 arg1 % 1049:1049 71.6 mol% 1041:1049 71.6 mol% 1041:1049 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 8 52 theme genomic 992:998 arg1 content 1008:1014 The genomic DNA G+C content 988:1014 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T 988:1035 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 8 53 theme G+C 1004:1006 arg1 % 1049:1049 71.6 mol% 1041:1049 71.6 mol% 1041:1049 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 8 53 theme G+C 1004:1006 arg1 content 1008:1014 The genomic DNA G+C content 988:1014 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T 988:1035 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 12 54 theme type 1393:1396 arg1 strain 1398:1403 The type strain 1389:1403 The type strain 1389:1403 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 12 54 theme type 1393:1396 arg1 S0483T 1412:1417 CFH S0483T 1408:1417 CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T) 1408:1454 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 4 55 theme CFH 566:568 arg1 S0483T 570:575 Strain CFH S0483T 559:575 Strain CFH S0483T 559:575 Strain CFH S0483T was able to grow at 10-37 °C, at pH 7.0-9.0 and tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v). 26883212 1 56 attach isolated 47:54 arg2 actinobacterium 31:45 an actinobacterium 28:45 an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample 28:73 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample. 26883212 1 56 attach isolated 47:54 arg1 sample 68:73 a soil sample 61:73 a soil sample 61:73 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample. 26883212 7 57 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 anteiso-C15  938:949 anteiso-C15  938:949 anteiso-C15  938:949 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 7 57 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 acids 927:931 the major fatty acids 911:931 the major fatty acids 911:931 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 3 58 theme 16S 246:248 arg1 rRNA 250:253 16S rRNA 246:253 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 246:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 1 59 dep actinobacterium 31:45 arg1 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample. 26883212 2 60 theme Catba 209:213 arg1 island 215:220 Catba island 209:220 Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam 209:243 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 8 61 theme CFH 1026:1028 arg1 S0483T 1030:1035 strain CFH S0483T 1019:1035 strain CFH S0483T 1019:1035 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CFH S0483T was 71.6 mol%. 26883212 10 62 theme genus 1313:1317 arg1 Agromyces 1319:1327 the genus Agromyces 1309:1327 the genus Agromyces 1309:1327 Strain CFH S0483T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces insulae sp. 26883212 4 63 dep NaCl 635:638 arg1 % 650:650 % 650:650 % 650:650 Strain CFH S0483T was able to grow at 10-37 °C, at pH 7.0-9.0 and tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v). 26883212 3 64 with similarities 375:386 arg1 % 428:428 97.3 % 423:428 97.3 % 423:428 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 64 with similarities 375:386 arg1 % 470:470 97.1 % 465:470 97.1 % 465:470 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 64 with similarities 375:386 arg1 43045T 457:462 Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T 435:462 Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %) 435:471 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 64 with similarities 375:386 arg1 similarities 478:489 similarities 478:489 similarities 478:489 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 64 with similarities 375:386 arg1 16389T 415:420 Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T 393:420 Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) 393:429 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 65 theme other 521:525 arg1 species 527:533 other species 521:533 other species of the genus Agromyces 521:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 66 theme gene 255:258 arg1 analysis 269:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 246:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 246:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 9 67 theme phenotypic 1082:1091 arg1 analysis 1093:1100 phenotypic analysis 1082:1100 phenotypic analysis 1082:1100 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, and low DNA-DNA hybridization values, strain CFH S0483T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 4 68 dep % 650:650 arg1 2.0  646:649 2.0  646:649 2.0  646:649 Strain CFH S0483T was able to grow at 10-37 °C, at pH 7.0-9.0 and tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v). 26883212 4 68 dep % 650:650 arg1 w/v 653:655 w/v 653:655 w/v 653:655 Strain CFH S0483T was able to grow at 10-37 °C, at pH 7.0-9.0 and tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v). 26883212 7 69 theme Strain 846:851 arg1 S0483T 857:862 Strain CFH S0483T 846:862 Strain CFH S0483T 846:862 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 9 70 theme low 1107:1109 arg1 values 1133:1138 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1107:1138 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1107:1138 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, and low DNA-DNA hybridization values, strain CFH S0483T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 10 71 theme Strain 1235:1240 arg1 S0483T 1246:1251 Strain CFH S0483T 1235:1251 Strain CFH S0483T 1235:1251 Strain CFH S0483T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces insulae sp. 26883212 7 72 dep exhibited 864:872 arg1  0 951:952  0 951:952  0 951:952 Strain CFH S0483T exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26883212 9 73 theme hybridization 1119:1131 arg1 values 1133:1138 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1107:1138 low DNA-DNA hybridization values 1107:1138 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, and low DNA-DNA hybridization values, strain CFH S0483T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 12 74 theme 39117T = CCTCC 1428:1441 arg1 2014301T 1446:1453  = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T 1420:1453  = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T 1420:1453 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 12 74 theme 39117T = CCTCC 1428:1441 arg1 S0483T 1412:1417 CFH S0483T 1408:1417 CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T) 1408:1454 The type strain is CFH S0483T ( = KCTC 39117T = CCTCC AB 2014301T). 26883212 0 75 theme insulae 10:16 arg1 sp 18:19 insulae sp 10:19 insulae sp 10:19 Agromyces insulae sp. 26883212 2 76 attach isolated 166:173 arg2 bacterium 128:136 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium 76:136 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium 76:136 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 2 76 attach isolated 166:173 arg1 sample 187:192 a soil sample 180:192 a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam 180:243 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 3 77 theme sequence 366:373 arg1 similarities 375:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 344:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces 344:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 9 78 theme CFH 1148:1150 arg1 S0483T 1152:1157 strain CFH S0483T 1141:1157 strain CFH S0483T 1141:1157 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, and low DNA-DNA hybridization values, strain CFH S0483T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 4 79 from pH 7.0-9.0 610:619 arg1 able 581:584 able 581:584 able 581:584 Strain CFH S0483T was able to grow at 10-37 °C, at pH 7.0-9.0 and tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v). 26883212 2 80 from island 215:220 arg1 Vietnam 237:243 Vietnam 237:243 Vietnam 237:243 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 2 80 from island 215:220 arg1 Bay 232:234 Bay 232:234 Bay 232:234 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 3 81 theme genus 320:324 arg1 Agromyces 326:334 the genus Agromyces 316:334 the genus Agromyces 316:334 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 82 theme genus 542:546 arg1 Agromyces 548:556 the genus Agromyces 538:556 the genus Agromyces 538:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 4 83 theme tolerated 625:633 arg1 NaCl 635:638 tolerated NaCl 625:638 tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v) 625:656 Strain CFH S0483T was able to grow at 10-37 °C, at pH 7.0-9.0 and tolerated NaCl up to 2.0 % (w/v). 26883212 3 84 theme rRNA 356:359 arg1 similarities 375:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 344:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces 344:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 85 theme highest 344:350 arg1 similarities 375:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 344:386 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces 344:556 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 10 86 theme Agromyces 1319:1327 arg1 species 1298:1304 a novel species 1290:1304 a novel species 1290:1304 Strain CFH S0483T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces insulae sp. 26883212 2 87 theme soil 182:185 arg1 sample 187:192 a soil sample 180:192 a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam 180:243 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated CFH S0483T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26883212 3 88 dep Agromyces 393:401 arg1 humatus 403:409 humatus 403:409 humatus 403:409 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 9 89 theme recognized 1192:1201 arg1 species 1203:1209 any recognized species 1188:1209 any recognized species of the genus Agromyces 1188:1232 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis, and low DNA-DNA hybridization values, strain CFH S0483T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 6 90 from acid 769:772 arg1 peptidoglycan 831:843 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 817:843 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 817:843 The isolate contained l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, d-alanine, d-glutamic acid and glycine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26883212 3 91 theme DSM 453:455 arg1 43045T 457:462 Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T 435:462 Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %) 435:471 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 26883212 3 91 theme DSM 453:455 arg1 % 470:470 97.1 % 465:470 97.1 % 465:470 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is a member of the genus Agromyces and has highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Agromyces humatus DSM 16389T (97.3 %) and Agromyces ramosus DSM 43045T (97.1 %), and similarities < 97.0 % with type strains of other species of the genus Agromyces. 24033288 3 0 theme initiation 493:502 arg1 5152s 509:513 ART initiation ACTG 5152s 489:513 ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82) 489:520 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 0 theme initiation 493:502 arg1 N=82 516:519 N=82 516:519 N=82 516:519 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 1 dep examined 315:322 arg1 N=47 436:439 N=47 436:439 N=47 not on ART] 436:451 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 1 dep examined 315:322 arg1 study 480:484 a 24 week prospective study 458:484 a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82) 458:520 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 1 dep examined 315:322 arg1 study 391:395 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 348:401 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) 348:433 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 11 2 theme disease 1755:1761 arg1 risk 1763:1766 the increased cardiovascular disease risk 1726:1766 the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV 1726:1807 During prolonged ART, microbial translocation was associated with an adverse effect on large HDL and thus may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV. 24033288 4 3 theme CD14 613:616 arg1 relationships 566:578 relationships 566:578 relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures 566:703 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 5 4 theme combined 780:787 arg1 cohorts 789:795 the combined cohorts 776:795 the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02) 776:812 HOMA-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) and LPS were correlated for the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02), particularly in the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01). 24033288 2 5 theme Microbial 214:222 arg1 translocation 224:236 Microbial translocation 214:236 Microbial translocation 214:236 Microbial translocation promotes obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in other settings. 24033288 6 6 theme ART 992:994 arg1 subset 996:1001 ART subset 992:1001 ART subset 992:1001 Triglycerides were correlated with LPS in the combined cohort (r=0.32, p<0.01), and all subsets excluding the IU on ART subset. 24033288 3 7 theme 5152s 509:513 arg1 N=47 436:439 N=47 436:439 N=47 not on ART] 436:451 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 7 theme 5152s 509:513 arg1 study 480:484 a 24 week prospective study 458:484 a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82) 458:520 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 7 theme 5152s 509:513 arg1 study 391:395 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 348:401 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) 348:433 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 1 8 theme HIV 199:201 arg1 infection 203:211 HIV infection 199:211 HIV infection 199:211 Circulating levels of microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are increased in HIV infection. 24033288 11 9 theme HIV 1805:1807 arg1 treatment 1792:1800 chronic treatment 1784:1800 chronic treatment of HIV 1784:1807 During prolonged ART, microbial translocation was associated with an adverse effect on large HDL and thus may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV. 24033288 4 10 theme LPS 590:592 arg1 levels 594:599 plasma LPS levels 583:599 plasma LPS levels 583:599 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 4 11 used used 549:552 arg2 correlations 531:542 Pearson correlations 523:542 Pearson correlations 523:542 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 5 12 theme insulin 728:734 arg1 resistance 736:745 insulin resistance 728:745 insulin resistance 728:745 HOMA-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) and LPS were correlated for the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02), particularly in the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01). 24033288 11 13 from effect 1679:1684 arg1 HDL 1695:1697 large HDL 1689:1697 large HDL 1689:1697 During prolonged ART, microbial translocation was associated with an adverse effect on large HDL and thus may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV. 24033288 10 14 theme microbial 1520:1528 arg1 markers 1544:1550 microbial translocation markers 1520:1550 microbial translocation markers 1520:1550 There is a relationship between microbial translocation markers and metabolic effects, particularly lipoproteins. 24033288 2 15 from dyslipidemia 280:291 arg1 settings 302:309 other settings 296:309 other settings 296:309 Microbial translocation promotes obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in other settings. 24033288 8 16 theme HDL 1248:1250 arg1 cholesterol 1252:1262 HDL cholesterol 1248:1262 HDL cholesterol 1248:1262 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy, but not HDL cholesterol, was negatively correlated with LPS (r=-0.18, p=0.02), particularly among the IU subset receiving ART (r=-0.33, p=0.03). 24033288 5 17 dep cohort 851:856 arg1 p<0.01 867:872 p<0.01 867:872 p<0.01 867:872 HOMA-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) and LPS were correlated for the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02), particularly in the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01). 24033288 5 17 dep cohort 851:856 arg1 r=0.41 859:864 r=0.41 859:864 r=0.41 859:864 HOMA-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) and LPS were correlated for the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02), particularly in the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01). 24033288 11 18 theme increased 1730:1738 arg1 risk 1763:1766 the increased cardiovascular disease risk 1726:1766 the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV 1726:1807 During prolonged ART, microbial translocation was associated with an adverse effect on large HDL and thus may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV. 24033288 1 19 theme products 140:147 arg1 levels 120:125 Circulating levels 108:125 Circulating levels of microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 108:180 Circulating levels of microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are increased in HIV infection. 24033288 4 20 theme monocyte 639:646 arg1 activation 648:657 monocyte activation 639:657 monocyte activation 639:657 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 9 21 theme limb 1478:1481 arg1 fat 1483:1485 limb fat 1478:1485 limb fat 1478:1485 In the combined cohorts, sCD14 was negatively correlated with lean mass as well as trunk and limb fat. 24033288 3 22 theme ART 489:491 arg1 5152s 509:513 ART initiation ACTG 5152s 489:513 ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82) 489:520 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 22 theme ART 489:491 arg1 N=82 516:519 N=82 516:519 N=82 516:519 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 10 23 theme metabolic 1556:1564 arg1 effects 1566:1572 metabolic effects 1556:1572 metabolic effects 1556:1572 There is a relationship between microbial translocation markers and metabolic effects, particularly lipoproteins. 24033288 5 24 theme ART-naive 841:849 arg1 cohort 851:856 the 5152s ART-naive cohort 831:856 the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01) 831:873 HOMA-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) and LPS were correlated for the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02), particularly in the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01). 24033288 3 25 theme Indiana 351:357 arg1 study 391:395 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 348:401 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) 348:433 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 6 26 from LPS 911:913 arg1 cohort 931:936 the combined cohort 918:936 the combined cohort (r=0.32, p<0.01) 918:953 Triglycerides were correlated with LPS in the combined cohort (r=0.32, p<0.01), and all subsets excluding the IU on ART subset. 24033288 4 27 theme body 679:682 arg1 measures 696:703 body composition measures 679:703 body composition measures 679:703 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 1 28 theme Circulating 108:118 arg1 levels 120:125 Circulating levels 108:125 Circulating levels of microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 108:180 Circulating levels of microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are increased in HIV infection. 24033288 7 29 theme high-density 1055:1066 arg1 HDL 1081:1083 HDL 1081:1083 HDL 1081:1083 There were negative correlations between sCD14 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in all subjects (r=-0.21, p<0.01), as well as the IU subset not on ART (r=-0.32, p=0.04). 24033288 7 29 theme high-density 1055:1066 arg1 lipoprotein 1068:1078 high-density lipoprotein 1055:1078 high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 1055:1096 There were negative correlations between sCD14 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in all subjects (r=-0.21, p<0.01), as well as the IU subset not on ART (r=-0.32, p=0.04). 24033288 6 30 dep cohort 931:936 arg1 r=0.32 939:944 r=0.32 939:944 r=0.32 939:944 Triglycerides were correlated with LPS in the combined cohort (r=0.32, p<0.01), and all subsets excluding the IU on ART subset. 24033288 6 30 dep cohort 931:936 arg1 p<0.01 947:952 p<0.01 947:952 p<0.01 947:952 Triglycerides were correlated with LPS in the combined cohort (r=0.32, p<0.01), and all subsets excluding the IU on ART subset. 24033288 2 31 from obesity 247:253 arg1 settings 302:309 other settings 296:309 other settings 296:309 Microbial translocation promotes obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in other settings. 24033288 0 32 theme Microbial 0:8 arg1 translocation 10:22 Microbial translocation 0:22 Microbial translocation 0:22 Microbial translocation and metabolic and body composition measures in treated and untreated HIV infection. 24033288 5 33 dep cohorts 789:795 arg1 r=0.19 798:803 r=0.19 798:803 r=0.19 798:803 HOMA-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) and LPS were correlated for the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02), particularly in the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01). 24033288 5 33 dep cohorts 789:795 arg1 p=0.02 806:811 p=0.02 806:811 p=0.02 806:811 HOMA-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) and LPS were correlated for the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02), particularly in the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01). 24033288 5 34 theme resistance 736:745 arg1 measure 717:723 a measure 715:723 a measure of insulin resistance 715:745 HOMA-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) and LPS were correlated for the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02), particularly in the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01). 24033288 7 35 dep subjects 1105:1112 arg1 r=-0.21 1115:1121 r=-0.21 1115:1121 r=-0.21 1115:1121 There were negative correlations between sCD14 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in all subjects (r=-0.21, p<0.01), as well as the IU subset not on ART (r=-0.32, p=0.04). 24033288 7 35 dep subjects 1105:1112 arg1 p<0.01 1124:1129 p<0.01 1124:1129 p<0.01 1124:1129 There were negative correlations between sCD14 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in all subjects (r=-0.21, p<0.01), as well as the IU subset not on ART (r=-0.32, p=0.04). 24033288 6 36 theme combined 922:929 arg1 cohort 931:936 the combined cohort 918:936 the combined cohort (r=0.32, p<0.01) 918:953 Triglycerides were correlated with LPS in the combined cohort (r=0.32, p<0.01), and all subsets excluding the IU on ART subset. 24033288 8 37 theme Large 1188:1192 arg1 HDL 1203:1205 Large particle HDL 1188:1205 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy 1188:1237 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy, but not HDL cholesterol, was negatively correlated with LPS (r=-0.18, p=0.02), particularly among the IU subset receiving ART (r=-0.33, p=0.03). 24033288 11 38 theme adverse 1671:1677 arg1 effect 1679:1684 an adverse effect 1668:1684 an adverse effect on large HDL 1668:1697 During prolonged ART, microbial translocation was associated with an adverse effect on large HDL and thus may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV. 24033288 3 39 from N=47 436:439 arg1 ART 430:432 ART 430:432 ART 430:432 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 39 from N=47 436:439 arg1 therapy 421:427 antiretroviral therapy 406:427 antiretroviral therapy (ART) 406:433 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 39 from N=47 436:439 arg1 ART 448:450 ART] 448:451 ART] 448:451 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 40 from study 391:395 arg1 ART 430:432 ART 430:432 ART 430:432 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 40 from study 391:395 arg1 therapy 421:427 antiretroviral therapy 406:427 antiretroviral therapy (ART) 406:433 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 40 from study 391:395 arg1 ART 448:450 ART] 448:451 ART] 448:451 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 4 41 with relationships 566:578 arg1 metabolic 665:673 metabolic 665:673 metabolic 665:673 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 4 41 with relationships 566:578 arg1 measures 696:703 body composition measures 679:703 body composition measures 679:703 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 8 42 theme NMR 1222:1224 arg1 spectroscopy 1226:1237 NMR spectroscopy 1222:1237 NMR spectroscopy 1222:1237 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy, but not HDL cholesterol, was negatively correlated with LPS (r=-0.18, p=0.02), particularly among the IU subset receiving ART (r=-0.33, p=0.03). 24033288 11 43 theme microbial 1624:1632 arg1 translocation 1634:1646 microbial translocation 1624:1646 microbial translocation 1624:1646 During prolonged ART, microbial translocation was associated with an adverse effect on large HDL and thus may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV. 24033288 7 44 theme lipoprotein 1068:1078 arg1 cholesterol 1086:1096 high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 1055:1096 high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 1055:1096 There were negative correlations between sCD14 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in all subjects (r=-0.21, p<0.01), as well as the IU subset not on ART (r=-0.32, p=0.04). 24033288 8 45 dep LPS 1296:1298 arg1 r=-0.18 1301:1307 r=-0.18 1301:1307 r=-0.18 1301:1307 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy, but not HDL cholesterol, was negatively correlated with LPS (r=-0.18, p=0.02), particularly among the IU subset receiving ART (r=-0.33, p=0.03). 24033288 8 45 dep LPS 1296:1298 arg1 p=0.02 1310:1315 p=0.02 1310:1315 p=0.02 1310:1315 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy, but not HDL cholesterol, was negatively correlated with LPS (r=-0.18, p=0.02), particularly among the IU subset receiving ART (r=-0.33, p=0.03). 24033288 9 46 theme combined 1392:1399 arg1 cohorts 1401:1407 the combined cohorts 1388:1407 the combined cohorts 1388:1407 In the combined cohorts, sCD14 was negatively correlated with lean mass as well as trunk and limb fat. 24033288 2 47 theme other 296:300 arg1 settings 302:309 other settings 296:309 other settings 296:309 Microbial translocation promotes obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in other settings. 24033288 4 48 theme Pearson 523:529 arg1 correlations 531:542 Pearson correlations 523:542 Pearson correlations 523:542 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 11 49 theme cardiovascular 1740:1753 arg1 risk 1763:1766 the increased cardiovascular disease risk 1726:1766 the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV 1726:1807 During prolonged ART, microbial translocation was associated with an adverse effect on large HDL and thus may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV. 24033288 4 50 theme levels 594:599 arg1 relationships 566:578 relationships 566:578 relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures 566:703 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 5 51 dep HOMA-IR 706:712 arg1 measure 717:723 a measure 715:723 a measure of insulin resistance 715:745 HOMA-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) and LPS were correlated for the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02), particularly in the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01). 24033288 4 52 theme soluble 605:611 arg1 marker 629:634 a marker 627:634 a marker of monocyte activation 627:657 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 4 52 theme soluble 605:611 arg1 sCD14 619:623 sCD14 619:623 sCD14 619:623 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 4 52 theme soluble 605:611 arg1 CD14 613:616 soluble CD14 605:616 soluble CD14 (sCD14) 605:624 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 3 53 theme ACTG 504:507 arg1 5152s 509:513 ART initiation ACTG 5152s 489:513 ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82) 489:520 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 53 theme ACTG 504:507 arg1 N=82 516:519 N=82 516:519 N=82 516:519 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 9 54 theme lean 1447:1450 arg1 mass 1452:1455 lean mass 1447:1455 lean mass as well as trunk and limb fat 1447:1485 In the combined cohorts, sCD14 was negatively correlated with lean mass as well as trunk and limb fat. 24033288 7 55 dep ART 1165:1167 arg1 p=0.04 1179:1184 p=0.04 1179:1184 p=0.04 1179:1184 There were negative correlations between sCD14 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in all subjects (r=-0.21, p<0.01), as well as the IU subset not on ART (r=-0.32, p=0.04). 24033288 7 55 dep ART 1165:1167 arg1 r=-0.32 1170:1176 r=-0.32 1170:1176 r=-0.32 1170:1176 There were negative correlations between sCD14 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in all subjects (r=-0.21, p<0.01), as well as the IU subset not on ART (r=-0.32, p=0.04). 24033288 4 56 theme plasma 583:588 arg1 levels 594:599 plasma LPS levels 583:599 plasma LPS levels 583:599 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 10 57 theme translocation 1530:1542 arg1 markers 1544:1550 microbial translocation markers 1520:1550 microbial translocation markers 1520:1550 There is a relationship between microbial translocation markers and metabolic effects, particularly lipoproteins. 24033288 1 58 theme microbial 130:138 arg1 products 140:147 microbial products 130:147 microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 130:180 Circulating levels of microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are increased in HIV infection. 24033288 1 58 theme microbial 130:138 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 157:174 lipopolysaccharide 157:174 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 157:180 Circulating levels of microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are increased in HIV infection. 24033288 0 59 theme treated 71:77 arg1 infection 97:105 treated and untreated HIV infection 71:105 treated and untreated HIV infection 71:105 Microbial translocation and metabolic and body composition measures in treated and untreated HIV infection. 24033288 3 60 from subjects 338:345 arg1 data 324:327 data 324:327 data from 178 subjects 324:345 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 2 61 theme insulin 256:262 arg1 resistance 264:273 insulin resistance 256:273 insulin resistance 256:273 Microbial translocation promotes obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in other settings. 24033288 8 62 dep HDL 1203:1205 arg1 measured 1210:1217 measured 1210:1217 measured by NMR spectroscopy 1210:1237 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy, but not HDL cholesterol, was negatively correlated with LPS (r=-0.18, p=0.02), particularly among the IU subset receiving ART (r=-0.33, p=0.03). 24033288 3 63 from study 480:484 arg1 ART 430:432 ART 430:432 ART 430:432 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 63 from study 480:484 arg1 therapy 421:427 antiretroviral therapy 406:427 antiretroviral therapy (ART) 406:433 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 63 from study 480:484 arg1 ART 448:450 ART] 448:451 ART] 448:451 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 0 64 theme HIV 93:95 arg1 infection 97:105 treated and untreated HIV infection 71:105 treated and untreated HIV infection 71:105 Microbial translocation and metabolic and body composition measures in treated and untreated HIV infection. 24033288 0 65 theme untreated 83:91 arg1 infection 97:105 treated and untreated HIV infection 71:105 treated and untreated HIV infection 71:105 Microbial translocation and metabolic and body composition measures in treated and untreated HIV infection. 24033288 11 66 theme chronic 1784:1790 arg1 treatment 1792:1800 chronic treatment 1784:1800 chronic treatment of HIV 1784:1807 During prolonged ART, microbial translocation was associated with an adverse effect on large HDL and thus may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV. 24033288 3 67 theme University 359:368 arg1 study 391:395 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 348:401 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) 348:433 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 0 68 from measures 59:66 arg1 infection 97:105 treated and untreated HIV infection 71:105 treated and untreated HIV infection 71:105 Microbial translocation and metabolic and body composition measures in treated and untreated HIV infection. 24033288 7 69 theme IU 1148:1149 arg1 subset 1151:1156 the IU subset 1144:1156 the IU subset 1144:1156 There were negative correlations between sCD14 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in all subjects (r=-0.21, p<0.01), as well as the IU subset not on ART (r=-0.32, p=0.04). 24033288 4 70 theme composition 684:694 arg1 measures 696:703 body composition measures 679:703 body composition measures 679:703 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 7 71 theme negative 1015:1022 arg1 correlations 1024:1035 negative correlations 1015:1035 negative correlations between sCD14 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 1015:1096 There were negative correlations between sCD14 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in all subjects (r=-0.21, p<0.01), as well as the IU subset not on ART (r=-0.32, p=0.04). 24033288 8 72 dep ART 1362:1364 arg1 p=0.03 1376:1381 p=0.03 1376:1381 p=0.03 1376:1381 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy, but not HDL cholesterol, was negatively correlated with LPS (r=-0.18, p=0.02), particularly among the IU subset receiving ART (r=-0.33, p=0.03). 24033288 3 73 theme cross-sectional 375:389 arg1 study 391:395 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 348:401 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) 348:433 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 4 74 theme activation 648:657 arg1 marker 629:634 a marker 627:634 a marker of monocyte activation 627:657 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 4 74 theme activation 648:657 arg1 CD14 613:616 soluble CD14 605:616 soluble CD14 (sCD14) 605:624 Pearson correlations were used to describe relationships of plasma LPS levels and soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of monocyte activation, with metabolic and body composition measures. 24033288 0 75 theme metabolic 28:36 arg1 composition 47:57 metabolic and body composition 28:57 composition 47:57 Microbial translocation and metabolic and body composition measures in treated and untreated HIV infection. 24033288 5 76 theme 5152s 835:839 arg1 cohort 851:856 the 5152s ART-naive cohort 831:856 the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01) 831:873 HOMA-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) and LPS were correlated for the combined cohorts (r=0.19, p=0.02), particularly in the 5152s ART-naive cohort (r=0.41, p<0.01). 24033288 3 77 theme IU 371:372 arg1 study 391:395 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 348:401 an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) 348:433 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 11 78 theme large 1689:1693 arg1 HDL 1695:1697 large HDL 1689:1697 large HDL 1689:1697 During prolonged ART, microbial translocation was associated with an adverse effect on large HDL and thus may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV. 24033288 0 79 theme body 42:45 arg1 composition 47:57 metabolic and body composition 28:57 composition 47:57 Microbial translocation and metabolic and body composition measures in treated and untreated HIV infection. 24033288 2 80 from resistance 264:273 arg1 settings 302:309 other settings 296:309 other settings 296:309 Microbial translocation promotes obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in other settings. 24033288 3 81 theme antiretroviral 406:419 arg1 ART 430:432 ART 430:432 ART 430:432 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 3 81 theme antiretroviral 406:419 arg1 therapy 421:427 antiretroviral therapy 406:427 antiretroviral therapy (ART) 406:433 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 24033288 8 82 theme IU 1342:1343 arg1 subset 1345:1350 the IU subset 1338:1350 the IU subset receiving ART (r=-0.33, p=0.03) 1338:1382 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy, but not HDL cholesterol, was negatively correlated with LPS (r=-0.18, p=0.02), particularly among the IU subset receiving ART (r=-0.33, p=0.03). 24033288 8 83 theme particle 1194:1201 arg1 HDL 1203:1205 Large particle HDL 1188:1205 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy 1188:1237 Large particle HDL as measured by NMR spectroscopy, but not HDL cholesterol, was negatively correlated with LPS (r=-0.18, p=0.02), particularly among the IU subset receiving ART (r=-0.33, p=0.03). 24033288 6 84 from IU 986:987 arg1 subset 996:1001 ART subset 992:1001 ART subset 992:1001 Triglycerides were correlated with LPS in the combined cohort (r=0.32, p<0.01), and all subsets excluding the IU on ART subset. 24033288 11 85 theme prolonged 1609:1617 arg1 ART 1619:1621 prolonged ART 1609:1621 prolonged ART 1609:1621 During prolonged ART, microbial translocation was associated with an adverse effect on large HDL and thus may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed during chronic treatment of HIV. 24033288 3 86 theme prospective 468:478 arg1 study 480:484 a 24 week prospective study 458:484 a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82) 458:520 We examined data from 178 subjects: an Indiana University (IU) cross-sectional study [N=49 on antiretroviral therapy (ART), N=47 not on ART], and a 24 week prospective study of ART initiation ACTG 5152s (N=82). 25256705 6 0 theme carnea 1188:1193 arg1 sp 1195:1196 the name Saccharothrix carnea sp 1165:1196 the name Saccharothrix carnea sp 1165:1196 Therefore, strain NEAU-yn17(T) represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix, for which the name Saccharothrix carnea sp. 25256705 4 1 theme strain 661:666 arg1 T 678:678 T 678:678 T 678:678 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 1 theme strain 661:666 arg1 NEAU-yn17 668:676 strain NEAU-yn17 661:676 strain NEAU-yn17(T) 661:679 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 1 theme strain 661:666 arg1 relatives 891:899 the nearest phylogenetic relatives 866:899 the nearest phylogenetic relatives 866:899 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 2 theme genus 714:718 arg1 Saccharothrix 720:732 the genus Saccharothrix 710:732 the genus Saccharothrix 710:732 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 3 theme phylogenetic 878:889 arg1 NEAU-yn17 668:676 strain NEAU-yn17 661:676 strain NEAU-yn17(T) 661:679 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 3 theme phylogenetic 878:889 arg1 relatives 891:899 the nearest phylogenetic relatives 866:899 the nearest phylogenetic relatives 866:899 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 2 4 theme strain 106:111 arg1 NEAU-yn17 113:121 strain NEAU-yn17 106:121 strain NEAU-yn17(T) 106:124 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 4 theme strain 106:111 arg1 T 123:123 T 123:123 T 123:123 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 4 5 theme sequence 787:794 arg1 similarity 796:805 99.52 % sequence similarity 779:805 99.52 % sequence similarity 779:805 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 5 theme sequence 787:794 arg1 DSM 765:767 Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456 740:773 Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) 740:806 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 6 6 theme novel 1113:1117 arg1 species 1119:1125 a novel species 1111:1125 a novel species 1111:1125 Therefore, strain NEAU-yn17(T) represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix, for which the name Saccharothrix carnea sp. 25256705 3 7 theme chemotaxonomic 317:330 arg1 properties 332:341 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties 299:341 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) 299:364 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 5 8 theme closest 1050:1056 arg1 relatives 1058:1066 its closest relatives 1046:1066 its closest relatives 1046:1066 A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) can be distinguished from its closest relatives. 25256705 6 9 theme name 1169:1172 arg1 sp 1195:1196 the name Saccharothrix carnea sp 1165:1196 the name Saccharothrix carnea sp 1165:1196 Therefore, strain NEAU-yn17(T) represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix, for which the name Saccharothrix carnea sp. 25256705 5 10 theme results 941:947 arg1 combination 904:914 A combination 902:914 A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics 902:983 A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) can be distinguished from its closest relatives. 25256705 3 11 dep such 431:434 arg1 as 436:437 as 436:437 as 436:437 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 6 12 theme genus 1134:1138 arg1 Saccharothrix 1140:1152 the genus Saccharothrix 1130:1152 the genus Saccharothrix 1130:1152 Therefore, strain NEAU-yn17(T) represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix, for which the name Saccharothrix carnea sp. 25256705 2 13 theme northern 236:243 arg1 Harbin 228:233 Harbin 228:233 Harbin 228:233 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 13 theme northern 236:243 arg1 China 245:249 northern China 236:249 northern China 236:249 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 3 14 theme peptidoglycan 486:498 arg1 acid 474:477 the diamino acid 462:477 the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 462:498 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 3 14 theme peptidoglycan 486:498 arg1 menaquinone 546:556 the predominant menaquinone 530:556 the predominant menaquinone 530:556 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 3 14 theme peptidoglycan 486:498 arg1 hydrolysates 516:527 the whole-cell hydrolysates 501:527 the whole-cell hydrolysates 501:527 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 3 14 theme peptidoglycan 486:498 arg1 arrangement 449:459 the spore arrangement 439:459 the spore arrangement 439:459 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 3 14 theme peptidoglycan 486:498 arg1 profile 579:585 the phospholipid profile 562:585 the phospholipid profile 562:585 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 6 15 theme strain 1080:1085 arg1 NEAU-yn17 1087:1095 strain NEAU-yn17 1080:1095 strain NEAU-yn17(T) 1080:1098 Therefore, strain NEAU-yn17(T) represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix, for which the name Saccharothrix carnea sp. 25256705 6 15 theme strain 1080:1085 arg1 T 1097:1097 T 1097:1097 T 1097:1097 Therefore, strain NEAU-yn17(T) represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix, for which the name Saccharothrix carnea sp. 25256705 3 16 theme Morphological 299:311 arg1 properties 332:341 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties 299:341 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) 299:364 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 8 17 dep NEAU-yn17 1236:1244 arg1 45878 1275:1279  = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878 1250:1279  = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T) 1250:1282 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 8 17 dep NEAU-yn17 1236:1244 arg1 T 1281:1281 T 1281:1281 T 1281:1281 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 4 18 theme 16S 619:621 arg1 sequences 633:641 16S rRNA gene sequences 619:641 16S rRNA gene sequences 619:641 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 19 theme saharensis 754:763 arg1 similarity 796:805 99.52 % sequence similarity 779:805 99.52 % sequence similarity 779:805 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 19 theme saharensis 754:763 arg1 DSM 765:767 Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456 740:773 Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) 740:806 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 19 theme saharensis 754:763 arg1 T 775:775 T 775:775 T 775:775 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 3 20 with consistent 371:380 arg1 description 391:401 the description 387:401 the description of the genus Saccharothrix 387:428 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 0 21 theme carnea 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Saccharothrix carnea sp 0:22 Saccharothrix carnea sp. 0:23 Saccharothrix carnea sp. 25256705 8 22 theme  = DSM 1268:1273 arg1 45878 1275:1279  = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878 1250:1279  = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T) 1250:1282 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 8 22 theme  = DSM 1268:1273 arg1 T 1281:1281 T 1281:1281 T 1281:1281 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 4 23 theme % 785:785 arg1 similarity 796:805 99.52 % sequence similarity 779:805 99.52 % sequence similarity 779:805 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 23 theme % 785:785 arg1 DSM 765:767 Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456 740:773 Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) 740:806 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 3 24 theme whole-cell 505:514 arg1 hydrolysates 516:527 the whole-cell hydrolysates 501:527 the whole-cell hydrolysates 501:527 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 2 25 from site 197:200 arg1 Harbin 228:233 Harbin 228:233 Harbin 228:233 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 25 from site 197:200 arg1 China 245:249 northern China 236:249 northern China 236:249 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 4 26 theme gene 628:631 arg1 sequences 633:641 16S rRNA gene sequences 619:641 16S rRNA gene sequences 619:641 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 0 27 theme Saccharothrix 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Saccharothrix carnea sp 0:22 Saccharothrix carnea sp. 0:23 Saccharothrix carnea sp. 25256705 4 28 with Saccharothrix 720:732 arg1 T 850:850 T 850:850 T 850:850 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 28 with Saccharothrix 720:732 arg1 DSM 765:767 Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456 740:773 Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) 740:806 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 28 with Saccharothrix 720:732 arg1 12329 844:848 Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329 812:848 Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) 812:861 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 28 with Saccharothrix 720:732 arg1 % 860:860 99.04 % 854:860 99.04 % 854:860 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 28 with Saccharothrix 720:732 arg1 T 775:775 T 775:775 T 775:775 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 28 with Saccharothrix 720:732 arg1 similarity 796:805 99.52 % sequence similarity 779:805 99.52 % sequence similarity 779:805 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 6 29 theme Saccharothrix 1140:1152 arg1 species 1119:1125 a novel species 1111:1125 a novel species 1111:1125 Therefore, strain NEAU-yn17(T) represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix, for which the name Saccharothrix carnea sp. 25256705 4 30 theme rRNA 623:626 arg1 sequences 633:641 16S rRNA gene sequences 619:641 16S rRNA gene sequences 619:641 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 1 31 attach isolated 50:57 arg2 actinobacterium 34:48 an actinobacterium 31:48 an actinobacterium isolated from soil 31:67 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from soil. 25256705 1 31 attach isolated 50:57 arg1 soil 64:67 soil 64:67 soil 64:67 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from soil. 25256705 8 32 theme T 1266:1266 arg1 45878 1275:1279  = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878 1250:1279  = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T) 1250:1282 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 8 32 theme T 1266:1266 arg1 T 1281:1281 T 1281:1281 T 1281:1281 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 8 33 theme  = CGMCC 1250:1257 arg1 45878 1275:1279  = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878 1250:1279  = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T) 1250:1282 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 8 33 theme  = CGMCC 1250:1257 arg1 T 1281:1281 T 1281:1281 T 1281:1281 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 5 34 theme DNA-DNA 919:925 arg1 hybridization 927:939 DNA-DNA hybridization 919:939 DNA-DNA hybridization results 919:947 A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) can be distinguished from its closest relatives. 25256705 3 35 theme Saccharothrix 416:428 arg1 description 391:401 the description 387:401 the description of the genus Saccharothrix 387:428 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 3 36 theme strain 346:351 arg1 NEAU-yn17 353:361 strain NEAU-yn17 346:361 strain NEAU-yn17(T) 346:364 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 3 36 theme strain 346:351 arg1 T 363:363 T 363:363 T 363:363 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 2 37 theme soil 147:150 arg1 sample 152:157 a soil sample 145:157 a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 145:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 1 38 dep actinobacterium 34:48 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from soil. 25256705 5 39 theme strain 1000:1005 arg1 T 1017:1017 T 1017:1017 T 1017:1017 A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) can be distinguished from its closest relatives. 25256705 5 39 theme strain 1000:1005 arg1 NEAU-yn17 1007:1015 strain NEAU-yn17 1000:1015 strain NEAU-yn17(T) 1000:1018 A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) can be distinguished from its closest relatives. 25256705 3 40 theme predominant 534:544 arg1 menaquinone 546:556 the predominant menaquinone 530:556 the predominant menaquinone 530:556 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 2 41 from factory 217:223 arg1 Harbin 228:233 Harbin 228:233 Harbin 228:233 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 41 from factory 217:223 arg1 China 245:249 northern China 236:249 northern China 236:249 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 42 attach isolated 131:138 arg2 actinobacterium 78:92 A novel actinobacterium 70:92 A novel actinobacterium 70:92 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 42 attach isolated 131:138 arg1 sample 152:157 a soil sample 145:157 a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 145:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 5 43 theme hybridization 927:939 arg1 results 941:947 DNA-DNA hybridization results 919:947 DNA-DNA hybridization results 919:947 A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) can be distinguished from its closest relatives. 25256705 3 44 theme genus 410:414 arg1 Saccharothrix 416:428 the genus Saccharothrix 406:428 the genus Saccharothrix 406:428 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 4 45 theme xinjiangensis 826:838 arg1 T 850:850 T 850:850 T 850:850 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 45 theme xinjiangensis 826:838 arg1 12329 844:848 Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329 812:848 Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) 812:861 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 45 theme xinjiangensis 826:838 arg1 % 860:860 99.04 % 854:860 99.04 % 854:860 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 2 46 theme discharge 187:195 arg1 site 197:200 the wastewater discharge site 172:200 the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 172:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 46 theme discharge 187:195 arg1 factory 217:223 a pesticide factory 205:223 a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 205:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 47 theme novel 72:76 arg1 actinobacterium 78:92 A novel actinobacterium 70:92 A novel actinobacterium 70:92 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 4 48 theme Saccharothrix 812:824 arg1 T 850:850 T 850:850 T 850:850 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 48 theme Saccharothrix 812:824 arg1 12329 844:848 Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329 812:848 Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) 812:861 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 48 theme Saccharothrix 812:824 arg1 % 860:860 99.04 % 854:860 99.04 % 854:860 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 2 49 theme wastewater 176:185 arg1 site 197:200 the wastewater discharge site 172:200 the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 172:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 49 theme wastewater 176:185 arg1 factory 217:223 a pesticide factory 205:223 a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 205:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 3 50 theme spore 443:447 arg1 arrangement 449:459 the spore arrangement 439:459 the spore arrangement 439:459 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 6 51 theme Saccharothrix 1174:1186 arg1 sp 1195:1196 the name Saccharothrix carnea sp 1165:1196 the name Saccharothrix carnea sp 1165:1196 Therefore, strain NEAU-yn17(T) represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix, for which the name Saccharothrix carnea sp. 25256705 5 52 theme phenotypic 958:967 arg1 characteristics 969:983 some phenotypic characteristics 953:983 some phenotypic characteristics 953:983 A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) can be distinguished from its closest relatives. 25256705 3 53 theme phospholipid 566:577 arg1 profile 579:585 the phospholipid profile 562:585 the phospholipid profile 562:585 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 8 54 theme 4.7097 1259:1264 arg1 45878 1275:1279  = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878 1250:1279  = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T) 1250:1282 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 8 54 theme 4.7097 1259:1264 arg1 T 1281:1281 T 1281:1281 T 1281:1281 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 2 55 theme polyphasic 278:287 arg1 approach 289:296 a polyphasic approach 276:296 a polyphasic approach 276:296 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 56 from Harbin 228:233 arg1 site 197:200 the wastewater discharge site 172:200 the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 172:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 56 from Harbin 228:233 arg1 factory 217:223 a pesticide factory 205:223 a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 205:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 4 57 theme JCM 840:842 arg1 T 850:850 T 850:850 T 850:850 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 57 theme JCM 840:842 arg1 12329 844:848 Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329 812:848 Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) 812:861 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 57 theme JCM 840:842 arg1 % 860:860 99.04 % 854:860 99.04 % 854:860 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 5 58 theme characteristics 969:983 arg1 combination 904:914 A combination 902:914 A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics 902:983 A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) can be distinguished from its closest relatives. 25256705 2 59 theme factory 217:223 arg1 site 197:200 the wastewater discharge site 172:200 the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 172:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 2 59 theme factory 217:223 arg1 factory 217:223 a pesticide factory 205:223 a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 205:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 3 60 theme diamino 466:472 arg1 acid 474:477 the diamino acid 462:477 the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 462:498 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 25256705 8 61 theme type 1221:1224 arg1 NEAU-yn17 1236:1244 NEAU-yn17 1236:1244 NEAU-yn17 1236:1244 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 8 61 theme type 1221:1224 arg1 strain 1226:1231 The type strain 1217:1231 The type strain 1217:1231 The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)). 25256705 4 62 theme nearest 870:876 arg1 NEAU-yn17 668:676 strain NEAU-yn17 661:676 strain NEAU-yn17(T) 661:679 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 62 theme nearest 870:876 arg1 relatives 891:899 the nearest phylogenetic relatives 866:899 the nearest phylogenetic relatives 866:899 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 2 63 theme pesticide 207:215 arg1 factory 217:223 a pesticide factory 205:223 a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, 205:250 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25256705 4 64 theme Phylogenetic 588:599 arg1 analysis 601:608 Phylogenetic analysis 588:608 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 588:641 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 65 theme Saccharothrix 740:752 arg1 similarity 796:805 99.52 % sequence similarity 779:805 99.52 % sequence similarity 779:805 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 65 theme Saccharothrix 740:752 arg1 DSM 765:767 Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456 740:773 Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) 740:806 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 4 65 theme Saccharothrix 740:752 arg1 T 775:775 T 775:775 T 775:775 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. 25256705 3 66 theme NEAU-yn17 353:361 arg1 properties 332:341 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties 299:341 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) 299:364 Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. 28777694 0 0 theme composite 69:77 arg1 scaffold 79:86 A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold 0:86 A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 0:132 A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 5 1 theme mesenchymal 688:698 arg1 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 5 1 theme mesenchymal 688:698 arg1 cells 705:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells 674:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 674:717 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 10 2 theme Von 1309:1311 arg1 Kossa 1313:1317 Von Kossa and immunostaining 1309:1336 Kossa 1313:1317 Von Kossa and immunostaining of the hMSC-scaffolds confirmed their osteogenic potential with the ability to sinter at 37 °C in situ. 28777694 0 3 theme -chitosan 59:67 arg1 scaffold 79:86 A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold 0:86 A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 0:132 A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 5 4 theme stem 700:703 arg1 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 5 4 theme stem 700:703 arg1 cells 705:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells 674:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 674:717 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 2 5 theme well-studied 333:344 arg1 chitosan 320:327 chitosan 320:327 chitosan 320:327 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. 28777694 2 5 theme well-studied 333:344 arg1 Poly 275:278 Poly 275:278 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 275:314 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. 28777694 2 5 theme well-studied 333:344 arg1 polymers 366:373 well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated 333:412 well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated 333:412 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. 28777694 10 6 theme hMSC-scaffolds 1345:1358 arg1 immunostaining 1323:1336 Von Kossa and immunostaining 1309:1336 immunostaining 1323:1336 Von Kossa and immunostaining of the hMSC-scaffolds confirmed their osteogenic potential with the ability to sinter at 37 °C in situ. 28777694 10 6 theme hMSC-scaffolds 1345:1358 arg1 Kossa 1313:1317 Von Kossa and immunostaining 1309:1336 Kossa 1313:1317 Von Kossa and immunostaining of the hMSC-scaffolds confirmed their osteogenic potential with the ability to sinter at 37 °C in situ. 28777694 1 7 theme bone 250:253 arg1 engineering 262:272 bone tissue engineering 250:272 bone tissue engineering 250:272 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 5 8 theme therapeutic 628:638 arg1 relevance 640:648 The therapeutic relevance 624:648 The therapeutic relevance 624:648 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 2 9 theme dl-lactic-co-glycolic 281:301 arg1 Poly 275:278 Poly 275:278 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 275:314 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. 28777694 2 9 theme dl-lactic-co-glycolic 281:301 arg1 acid 303:306 dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid 281:306 dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid 281:306 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. 28777694 1 10 theme tissue 255:260 arg1 engineering 262:272 bone tissue engineering 250:272 bone tissue engineering 250:272 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 10 11 theme osteogenic 1376:1385 arg1 potential 1387:1395 their osteogenic potential 1370:1395 their osteogenic potential 1370:1395 Von Kossa and immunostaining of the hMSC-scaffolds confirmed their osteogenic potential with the ability to sinter at 37 °C in situ. 28777694 7 12 theme 0.846 ± 0.272 MPa 1015:1031 arg1 strengths 1002:1010 compressive strengths 990:1010 compressive strengths 990:1010 Scaffolds sintered from porous microspheres at 37 °C were significantly stronger than the PLGA control, with compressive strengths of 0.846 ± 0.272 MPa and 0.406 ± 0.265 MPa, respectively (p < 0.05). 28777694 1 13 theme patient-friendly 153:168 arg1 alternatives 170:181 patient-friendly alternatives 153:181 patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures 153:206 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 0 14 theme potential 92:100 arg1 use 102:104 potential use 92:104 potential use in bone tissue engineering 92:131 A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 6 15 theme PLGA/chitosan 828:840 arg1 microspheres 842:853 the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 814:853 the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 814:853 There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. 28777694 1 16 theme alternatives 170:181 arg1 force 223:227 the driving force 211:227 the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering 211:272 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 1 16 theme alternatives 170:181 arg1 development 138:148 The development 134:148 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures 134:206 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 9 17 theme study 1295:1299 arg1 period 1301:1306 an 8-day study period 1286:1306 an 8-day study period 1286:1306 The scaffolds demonstrated cytocompatibility, with increased cell numbers observed over an 8-day study period. 28777694 4 18 dep in 570:571 arg1 vitro 573:577 vitro 573:577 vitro 573:577 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes were established. 28777694 5 19 theme primary 674:680 arg1 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 5 19 theme primary 674:680 arg1 cells 705:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells 674:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 674:717 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 6 20 theme composite 818:826 arg1 microspheres 842:853 the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 814:853 the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 814:853 There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. 28777694 7 21 theme porous 905:910 arg1 microspheres 912:923 porous microspheres 905:923 porous microspheres 905:923 Scaffolds sintered from porous microspheres at 37 °C were significantly stronger than the PLGA control, with compressive strengths of 0.846 ± 0.272 MPa and 0.406 ± 0.265 MPa, respectively (p < 0.05). 28777694 8 22 theme injectable 1176:1185 arg1 potential 1187:1195 its injectable potential 1172:1195 its injectable potential 1172:1195 The formulation also sintered at 37 °C following injection through a needle, demonstrating its injectable potential. 28777694 5 23 theme human 682:686 arg1 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 5 23 theme human 682:686 arg1 cells 705:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells 674:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 674:717 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 1 24 theme bone-graft 186:195 arg1 procedures 197:206 bone-graft procedures 186:206 bone-graft procedures 186:206 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 4 25 theme in 570:571 arg1 attributes 595:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes 550:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes 550:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes were established. 28777694 0 26 theme bone 109:112 arg1 engineering 121:131 bone tissue engineering 109:131 bone tissue engineering 109:131 A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 9 27 theme 8-day 1289:1293 arg1 period 1301:1306 an 8-day study period 1286:1306 an 8-day study period 1286:1306 The scaffolds demonstrated cytocompatibility, with increased cell numbers observed over an 8-day study period. 28777694 7 28 dep respectively 1056:1067 arg1 p < 0.05 1070:1077 p < 0.05 1070:1077 p < 0.05 1070:1077 Scaffolds sintered from porous microspheres at 37 °C were significantly stronger than the PLGA control, with compressive strengths of 0.846 ± 0.272 MPa and 0.406 ± 0.265 MPa, respectively (p < 0.05). 28777694 3 29 theme scaffold 455:462 arg1 system 464:469 a novel dual-application scaffold system 430:469 a novel dual-application scaffold system 430:469 In this study, a novel dual-application scaffold system was formulated from porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres. 28777694 4 30 theme release 587:593 arg1 attributes 595:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes 550:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes 550:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes were established. 28777694 4 31 theme protein 579:585 arg1 attributes 595:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes 550:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes 550:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes were established. 28777694 5 32 with properties 734:743 arg1 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 5 32 with properties 734:743 arg1 cells 705:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells 674:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 674:717 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 6 33 from reduction 782:790 arg1 microspheres 842:853 the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 814:853 the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 814:853 There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. 28777694 6 33 from reduction 782:790 arg1 release 801:807 burst release 795:807 burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 795:853 There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. 28777694 3 34 theme novel 432:436 arg1 system 464:469 a novel dual-application scaffold system 430:469 a novel dual-application scaffold system 430:469 In this study, a novel dual-application scaffold system was formulated from porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres. 28777694 5 35 with relevance 640:648 arg1 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 5 35 with relevance 640:648 arg1 cells 705:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells 674:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 674:717 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 0 36 theme tissue 114:119 arg1 engineering 121:131 bone tissue engineering 109:131 bone tissue engineering 109:131 A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 3 37 theme dual-application 438:453 arg1 system 464:469 a novel dual-application scaffold system 430:469 a novel dual-application scaffold system 430:469 In this study, a novel dual-application scaffold system was formulated from porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres. 28777694 6 38 theme burst 795:799 arg1 release 801:807 burst release 795:807 burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 795:853 There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. 28777694 1 39 from frontiers 237:245 arg1 engineering 262:272 bone tissue engineering 250:272 bone tissue engineering 250:272 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 0 40 from use 102:104 arg1 engineering 121:131 bone tissue engineering 109:131 bone tissue engineering 109:131 A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 3 41 theme porous 491:496 arg1 PLGA 498:501 porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres 491:547 PLGA 498:501 In this study, a novel dual-application scaffold system was formulated from porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres. 28777694 7 42 theme PLGA 971:974 arg1 control 976:982 the PLGA control 967:982 the PLGA control 967:982 Scaffolds sintered from porous microspheres at 37 °C were significantly stronger than the PLGA control, with compressive strengths of 0.846 ± 0.272 MPa and 0.406 ± 0.265 MPa, respectively (p < 0.05). 28777694 4 43 theme Physicochemical 550:564 arg1 attributes 595:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes 550:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes 550:604 Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes were established. 28777694 7 44 theme compressive 990:1000 arg1 strengths 1002:1010 compressive strengths 990:1010 compressive strengths 990:1010 Scaffolds sintered from porous microspheres at 37 °C were significantly stronger than the PLGA control, with compressive strengths of 0.846 ± 0.272 MPa and 0.406 ± 0.265 MPa, respectively (p < 0.05). 28777694 7 45 theme 0.406 ± 0.265 MPa 1037:1053 arg1 strengths 1002:1010 compressive strengths 990:1010 compressive strengths 990:1010 Scaffolds sintered from porous microspheres at 37 °C were significantly stronger than the PLGA control, with compressive strengths of 0.846 ± 0.272 MPa and 0.406 ± 0.265 MPa, respectively (p < 0.05). 28777694 5 46 with cytocompatibility 651:667 arg1 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 hMSCs 712:716 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 5 46 with cytocompatibility 651:667 arg1 cells 705:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells 674:709 primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 674:717 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 5 47 theme osteogenic 723:732 arg1 properties 734:743 osteogenic properties 723:743 osteogenic properties 723:743 The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. 28777694 6 48 theme significant 770:780 arg1 reduction 782:790 a significant reduction 768:790 a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 768:853 There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. 28777694 3 49 theme PLGA/chitosan 522:534 arg1 microspheres 536:547 porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres 491:547 microspheres 536:547 In this study, a novel dual-application scaffold system was formulated from porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres. 28777694 1 50 theme driving 215:221 arg1 force 223:227 the driving force 211:227 the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering 211:272 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 1 50 theme driving 215:221 arg1 development 138:148 The development 134:148 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures 134:206 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 9 51 theme increased 1249:1257 arg1 numbers 1264:1270 increased cell numbers 1249:1270 increased cell numbers observed over an 8-day study period 1249:1306 The scaffolds demonstrated cytocompatibility, with increased cell numbers observed over an 8-day study period. 28777694 3 52 theme protein-loaded 507:520 arg1 microspheres 536:547 porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres 491:547 microspheres 536:547 In this study, a novel dual-application scaffold system was formulated from porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres. 28777694 6 53 from microspheres 842:853 arg1 reduction 782:790 a significant reduction 768:790 a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 768:853 There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. 28777694 6 53 from microspheres 842:853 arg1 release 801:807 burst release 795:807 burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres 795:853 There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. 28777694 1 54 theme new 233:235 arg1 frontiers 237:245 new frontiers 233:245 new frontiers in bone tissue engineering 233:272 The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. 28777694 9 55 theme cell 1259:1262 arg1 numbers 1264:1270 increased cell numbers 1249:1270 increased cell numbers observed over an 8-day study period 1249:1306 The scaffolds demonstrated cytocompatibility, with increased cell numbers observed over an 8-day study period. 28777694 2 56 theme easy-to-process 350:364 arg1 chitosan 320:327 chitosan 320:327 chitosan 320:327 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. 28777694 2 56 theme easy-to-process 350:364 arg1 Poly 275:278 Poly 275:278 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 275:314 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. 28777694 2 56 theme easy-to-process 350:364 arg1 polymers 366:373 well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated 333:412 well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated 333:412 Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. 24984700 5 0 theme cell 614:617 arg1 size 619:622 cell size 614:622 cell size (0.05 µm(3)) 614:635 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 5 0 theme cell 614:617 arg1 µm 630:631 0.05 µm(3) 625:634 0.05 µm(3) 625:634 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 10 1 theme polar 1400:1404 arg1 lipids 1406:1411 The major polar lipids 1390:1411 The major polar lipids 1390:1411 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 24984700 10 1 theme polar 1400:1404 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1418:1439 diphosphatidylglycerol 1418:1439 diphosphatidylglycerol 1418:1439 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 24984700 13 2 theme 23834 1797:1801 arg1 T 1818:1818 T 1818:1818 T 1818:1818 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 13 2 theme 23834 1797:1801 arg1 26932 1812:1816  = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932 1790:1816  = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T) 1790:1819 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 6 3 theme strain 774:779 arg1 MWH-Ta8 781:787 strain MWH-Ta8 774:787 strain MWH-Ta8(T) 774:790 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 6 3 theme strain 774:779 arg1 T 789:789 T 789:789 T 789:789 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 13 4 theme T 1803:1803 arg1 T 1818:1818 T 1818:1818 T 1818:1818 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 13 4 theme T 1803:1803 arg1 26932 1812:1816  = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932 1790:1816  = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T) 1790:1819 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 7 5 theme gene 1033:1036 arg1 similarity 1047:1056 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1022:1056 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 % 1022:1066 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. 24984700 6 6 theme RpoB 744:747 arg1 sequences 749:757 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences 726:757 sequences 749:757 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 8 7 theme MWH-Ta8 1107:1113 arg1 peptidoglycan 1083:1095 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1069:1095 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) 1069:1116 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. 24984700 1 8 with bacterium 64:72 arg1 genome 92:97 stream-lined genome 79:97 stream-lined genome 79:97 nov., a planktonic freshwater bacterium with stream-lined genome. 24984700 11 9 theme combined 1496:1503 arg1 data 1549:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1492:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1492:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 10 10 theme unknown 1471:1477 arg1 glycolipids 1479:1489 two unknown glycolipids 1467:1489 two unknown glycolipids 1467:1489 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 24984700 5 11 theme genome 638:643 arg1 size 645:648 genome size 638:648 genome size (1.43 Mbp) 638:659 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 5 11 theme genome 638:643 arg1 Mbp 656:658 1.43 Mbp 651:658 1.43 Mbp 651:658 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 11 12 dep name 1682:1685 arg1 nov. 1711:1714 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 1687:1714 the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 1678:1714 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 8 13 theme cell-wall 1073:1081 arg1 peptidoglycan 1083:1095 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1069:1095 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) 1069:1116 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. 24984700 8 14 theme type 1125:1128 arg1 B2β 1130:1132 type B2β 1125:1132 type B2β (B10) 1125:1138 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. 24984700 8 14 theme type 1125:1128 arg1 B10 1135:1137 B10 1135:1137 B10 1135:1137 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. 24984700 13 15 theme type 1762:1765 arg1 species 1767:1773 the type species 1758:1773 the type species 1758:1773 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 11 16 theme family 1642:1647 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1649:1665 the family Microbacteriaceae 1638:1665 the family Microbacteriaceae 1638:1665 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 3 17 theme free-living 304:314 arg1 bacterium 338:346 a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium 302:346 a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China 302:408 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China. 24984700 13 18 theme type 1743:1746 arg1 strain 1748:1753 The type strain 1739:1753 The type strain of the type species 1739:1773 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 13 18 theme type 1743:1746 arg1 MWH-Ta8 1778:1784 MWH-Ta8 1778:1784 MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)) 1778:1820 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 7 19 theme 16S 1024:1026 arg1 similarity 1047:1056 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1022:1056 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 % 1022:1066 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. 24984700 11 20 dep sp 1717:1718 arg1 name 1682:1685 the name 1678:1685 the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 1678:1714 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 6 21 theme closest 877:883 arg1 relative 885:892 its closest relative 873:892 its closest relative among the currently described species within this family 873:949 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 6 21 theme closest 877:883 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 822:838 the family Microbacteriaceae 811:838 the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio 811:865 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 5 22 theme DNA 666:668 arg1 % 691:691 51.5 mol% 683:691 51.5 mol% 683:691 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 5 22 theme DNA 666:668 arg1 content 674:680 DNA G+C content 666:680 DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%) 666:692 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 6 23 theme Pontimonas 845:854 arg1 salivibrio 856:865 Pontimonas salivibrio 845:865 Pontimonas salivibrio 845:865 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 3 24 theme freshwater 327:336 arg1 bacterium 338:346 a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium 302:346 a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China 302:408 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China. 24984700 5 25 theme G+C 670:672 arg1 % 691:691 51.5 mol% 683:691 51.5 mol% 683:691 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 5 25 theme G+C 670:672 arg1 content 674:680 DNA G+C content 666:680 DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%) 666:692 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 1 26 theme freshwater 53:62 arg1 bacterium 64:72 a planktonic freshwater bacterium 40:72 a planktonic freshwater bacterium with stream-lined genome 40:97 nov., a planktonic freshwater bacterium with stream-lined genome. 24984700 1 26 theme freshwater 53:62 arg1 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov., a planktonic freshwater bacterium with stream-lined genome. 24984700 0 27 theme Rhodoluna 0:8 arg1 nov. 24:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 0:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 0:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 3 28 theme hypertrophic 362:373 arg1 China 404:408 hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China 362:408 hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China 362:408 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China. 24984700 4 29 theme genome 530:535 arg1 sequence 537:544 its complete genome sequence 517:544 its complete genome sequence 517:544 The strain was characterized by phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations, as well as by determination of its complete genome sequence. 24984700 11 30 theme genus 1629:1633 arg1 species 1612:1618 a novel species 1604:1618 a novel species 1604:1618 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 0 31 theme gen. 19:22 arg1 nov. 24:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 0:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 0:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 5 32 theme content 674:680 arg1 values 604:609 its unusually low values 586:609 its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%) 586:692 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 6 33 theme rRNA 730:733 arg1 gene 735:738 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences 726:757 gene 735:738 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 3 34 theme planktonic 316:325 arg1 bacterium 338:346 a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium 302:346 a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China 302:408 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China. 24984700 10 35 theme major 1394:1398 arg1 lipids 1406:1411 The major polar lipids 1390:1411 The major polar lipids 1390:1411 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 24984700 10 35 theme major 1394:1398 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1418:1439 diphosphatidylglycerol 1418:1439 diphosphatidylglycerol 1418:1439 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 24984700 7 36 theme Pontimonas 993:1002 arg1 salivibrio 1004:1013 Pontimonas salivibrio 993:1013 Pontimonas salivibrio 993:1013 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. 24984700 9 37 theme predominant 1201:1211 arg1 acids 1228:1232 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1197:1232 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1197:1232 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (36.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (16.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (15.6 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.9 %), and the major (>10 %) menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. 24984700 9 37 theme predominant 1201:1211 arg1  0 1252:1253  0 1252:1253  0 1252:1253 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (36.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (16.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (15.6 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.9 %), and the major (>10 %) menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. 24984700 11 38 theme lacicola 1697:1704 arg1 nov. 1711:1714 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 1687:1714 the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 1678:1714 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 9 39 theme fatty 1222:1226 arg1 acids 1228:1232 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1197:1232 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1197:1232 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (36.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (16.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (15.6 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.9 %), and the major (>10 %) menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. 24984700 9 39 theme fatty 1222:1226 arg1  0 1252:1253  0 1252:1253  0 1252:1253 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (36.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (16.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (15.6 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.9 %), and the major (>10 %) menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. 24984700 9 40 theme major 1341:1345 arg1 menaquinones 1355:1366 the major (>10 %) menaquinones 1337:1366 the major (>10 %) menaquinones 1337:1366 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (36.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (16.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (15.6 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.9 %), and the major (>10 %) menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. 24984700 2 41 theme pure 102:105 arg1 culture 107:113 A pure culture 100:113 A pure culture of an actinobacterium previously described as 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 100:206 A pure culture of an actinobacterium previously described as 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 was established and deposited in two public culture collections. 24984700 7 42 theme type 978:981 arg1 strain 983:988 the type strain 974:988 the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio 974:1013 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. 24984700 13 43 theme  = DSM 1790:1795 arg1 T 1818:1818 T 1818:1818 T 1818:1818 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 13 43 theme  = DSM 1790:1795 arg1 26932 1812:1816  = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932 1790:1816  = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T) 1790:1819 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 13 44 dep MWH-Ta8 1778:1784 arg1 T 1818:1818 T 1818:1818 T 1818:1818 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 13 44 dep MWH-Ta8 1778:1784 arg1 26932 1812:1816  = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932 1790:1816  = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T) 1790:1819 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 5 45 theme size 619:622 arg1 values 604:609 its unusually low values 586:609 its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%) 586:692 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 11 46 theme gen. 1706:1709 arg1 nov. 1711:1714 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 1687:1714 the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 1678:1714 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 2 47 theme actinobacterium 121:135 arg1 culture 107:113 A pure culture 100:113 A pure culture of an actinobacterium previously described as 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 100:206 A pure culture of an actinobacterium previously described as 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 was established and deposited in two public culture collections. 24984700 5 48 theme mol 688:690 arg1 % 691:691 51.5 mol% 683:691 51.5 mol% 683:691 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 5 48 theme mol 688:690 arg1 content 674:680 DNA G+C content 666:680 DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%) 666:692 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 11 49 theme Rhodoluna 1687:1695 arg1 nov. 1711:1714 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 1687:1714 the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 1678:1714 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 6 50 with Microbacteriaceae 822:838 arg1 salivibrio 856:865 Pontimonas salivibrio 845:865 Pontimonas salivibrio 845:865 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 5 51 theme low 600:602 arg1 values 604:609 its unusually low values 586:609 its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%) 586:692 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 8 52 theme strain 1100:1105 arg1 T 1115:1115 T 1115:1115 T 1115:1115 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. 24984700 8 52 theme strain 1100:1105 arg1 MWH-Ta8 1107:1113 strain MWH-Ta8 1100:1113 strain MWH-Ta8(T) 1100:1116 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. 24984700 11 53 theme phenotypic 1519:1528 arg1 data 1549:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1492:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1492:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 6 54 theme family 815:820 arg1 relative 885:892 its closest relative 873:892 its closest relative among the currently described species within this family 873:949 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 6 54 theme family 815:820 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 822:838 the family Microbacteriaceae 811:838 the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio 811:865 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 3 55 theme Strain 273:278 arg1 T 288:288 T 288:288 T 288:288 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China. 24984700 3 55 theme Strain 273:278 arg1 MWH-Ta8 280:286 Strain MWH-Ta8 273:286 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) 273:289 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China. 24984700 11 56 from Microbacteriaceae 1649:1665 arg1 species 1612:1618 a novel species 1604:1618 a novel species 1604:1618 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 11 57 theme phylogenetic 1505:1516 arg1 data 1549:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1492:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1492:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 11 58 theme strain 1575:1580 arg1 T 1590:1590 T 1590:1590 T 1590:1590 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 11 58 theme strain 1575:1580 arg1 MWH-Ta8 1582:1588 strain MWH-Ta8 1575:1588 strain MWH-Ta8(T) 1575:1591 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 4 59 theme phylogenetic 443:454 arg1 investigations 470:483 phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations 443:483 phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations 443:483 The strain was characterized by phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations, as well as by determination of its complete genome sequence. 24984700 11 60 from genus 1629:1633 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1649:1665 the family Microbacteriaceae 1638:1665 the family Microbacteriaceae 1638:1665 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 11 61 theme chemotaxonomic 1534:1547 arg1 data 1549:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1492:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1492:1552 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 13 62 theme species 1767:1773 arg1 strain 1748:1753 The type strain 1739:1753 The type strain of the type species 1739:1773 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 13 62 theme species 1767:1773 arg1 MWH-Ta8 1778:1784 MWH-Ta8 1778:1784 MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)) 1778:1820 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 2 63 theme public 245:250 arg1 collections 260:270 two public culture collections 241:270 two public culture collections 241:270 A pure culture of an actinobacterium previously described as 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 was established and deposited in two public culture collections. 24984700 5 64 theme Strain 547:552 arg1 T 562:562 T 562:562 T 562:562 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 5 64 theme Strain 547:552 arg1 MWH-Ta8 554:560 Strain MWH-Ta8 547:560 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) 547:563 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 2 65 theme culture 252:258 arg1 collections 260:270 two public culture collections 241:270 two public culture collections 241:270 A pure culture of an actinobacterium previously described as 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 was established and deposited in two public culture collections. 24984700 11 66 from species 1612:1618 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1649:1665 the family Microbacteriaceae 1638:1665 the family Microbacteriaceae 1638:1665 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 7 67 theme % 1066:1066 arg1 similarity 1047:1056 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1022:1056 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 % 1022:1066 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. 24984700 5 68 theme size 645:648 arg1 values 604:609 its unusually low values 586:609 its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%) 586:692 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). 24984700 4 69 theme taxonomic 460:468 arg1 investigations 470:483 phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations 443:483 phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations 443:483 The strain was characterized by phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations, as well as by determination of its complete genome sequence. 24984700 8 70 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 1152:1169 arg1 acid 1191:1194 the diamino acid 1179:1194 the diamino acid 1179:1194 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. 24984700 8 70 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 1152:1169 arg1 acid 1171:1174 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1152:1174 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1152:1174 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. 24984700 7 71 theme sequence 1038:1045 arg1 similarity 1047:1056 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1022:1056 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 % 1022:1066 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. 24984700 1 72 theme planktonic 42:51 arg1 bacterium 64:72 a planktonic freshwater bacterium 40:72 a planktonic freshwater bacterium with stream-lined genome 40:97 nov., a planktonic freshwater bacterium with stream-lined genome. 24984700 1 72 theme planktonic 42:51 arg1 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov., a planktonic freshwater bacterium with stream-lined genome. 24984700 3 73 dep Taihu 394:398 arg1 PR 401:402 PR 401:402 PR 401:402 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China. 24984700 13 74 theme  = LMG 1805:1810 arg1 T 1818:1818 T 1818:1818 T 1818:1818 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 13 74 theme  = LMG 1805:1810 arg1 26932 1812:1816  = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932 1790:1816  = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T) 1790:1819 The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)). 24984700 0 75 theme lacicola 10:17 arg1 nov. 24:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 0:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 0:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 4 76 theme sequence 537:544 arg1 determination 500:512 determination 500:512 determination of its complete genome sequence 500:544 The strain was characterized by phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations, as well as by determination of its complete genome sequence. 24984700 8 77 theme diamino 1183:1189 arg1 acid 1191:1194 the diamino acid 1179:1194 the diamino acid 1179:1194 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. 24984700 8 77 theme diamino 1183:1189 arg1 acid 1171:1174 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1152:1174 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1152:1174 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. 24984700 11 78 theme novel 1606:1610 arg1 species 1612:1618 a novel species 1604:1618 a novel species 1604:1618 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 1 79 theme stream-lined 79:90 arg1 genome 92:97 stream-lined genome 79:97 stream-lined genome 79:97 nov., a planktonic freshwater bacterium with stream-lined genome. 24984700 7 80 theme salivibrio 1004:1013 arg1 T 967:967 T 967:967 T 967:967 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. 24984700 7 80 theme salivibrio 1004:1013 arg1 strain 983:988 the type strain 974:988 the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio 974:1013 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. 24984700 7 80 theme salivibrio 1004:1013 arg1 Strain 952:957 Strain MWH-Ta8 952:965 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) 952:968 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. 24984700 6 81 theme described 914:922 arg1 species 924:930 the currently described species 900:930 the currently described species within this family 900:949 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 11 82 theme new 1625:1627 arg1 genus 1629:1633 a new genus 1623:1633 a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae 1623:1665 The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 6 83 theme 16S 726:728 arg1 gene 735:738 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences 726:757 gene 735:738 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 0 84 dep sp 30:31 arg1 nov. 24:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 0:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov. 0:27 Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. 24984700 3 85 theme Taihu 394:398 arg1 China 404:408 hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China 362:408 hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China 362:408 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China. 24984700 4 86 theme complete 521:528 arg1 sequence 537:544 its complete genome sequence 517:544 its complete genome sequence 517:544 The strain was characterized by phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations, as well as by determination of its complete genome sequence. 24984700 2 87 theme strain 193:198 arg1 MWH-Ta8 200:206 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 161:206 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 161:206 A pure culture of an actinobacterium previously described as 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 was established and deposited in two public culture collections. 24984700 2 88 theme lacicola 183:190 arg1 MWH-Ta8 200:206 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 161:206 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 161:206 A pure culture of an actinobacterium previously described as 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 was established and deposited in two public culture collections. 24984700 9 89 theme cellular 1213:1220 arg1 acids 1228:1232 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1197:1232 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1197:1232 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (36.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (16.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (15.6 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.9 %), and the major (>10 %) menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. 24984700 9 89 theme cellular 1213:1220 arg1  0 1252:1253  0 1252:1253  0 1252:1253 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (36.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (16.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (15.6 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.9 %), and the major (>10 %) menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. 24984700 6 90 theme Phylogenetic 695:706 arg1 analyses 708:715 Phylogenetic analyses 695:715 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences 695:757 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. 24984700 7 91 theme rRNA 1028:1031 arg1 similarity 1047:1056 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1022:1056 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 % 1022:1066 Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. 28857028 8 0 theme strain 887:892 arg1 HIs16-32T 894:902 strain HIs16-32T 887:902 strain HIs16-32T 887:902 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 1 1 attach isolated 83:90 arg2 Microbacteriaceae 65:81 the family Microbacteriaceae 54:81 the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat 54:117 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat. 28857028 1 1 attach isolated 83:90 arg1 flat 114:117 a mangrove tidal flat 97:117 a mangrove tidal flat 97:117 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat. 28857028 6 2 theme major 685:689 arg1 acids 697:701 the major fatty acids 681:701 the major fatty acids 681:701 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 6 2 theme major 685:689 arg1 quinones 625:632 The isoprenoid quinones 610:632 The isoprenoid quinones 610:632 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 2 3 theme polyphasic 314:323 arg1 approach 325:332 a polyphasic approach 312:332 a polyphasic approach 312:332 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HIs16-32T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 28857028 9 4 theme Schumannella 1183:1194 arg1 species 1105:1111 species 1105:1111 species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %) 1105:1203 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 4 5 from lysine 495:500 arg1 peptidoglycan 509:521 the peptidoglycan 505:521 the peptidoglycan 505:521 Strain HIs16-32T contained glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan; however, alanine was absent. 28857028 10 6 theme strain 1215:1220 arg1 HIs16-32T 1222:1230 strain HIs16-32T 1215:1230 strain HIs16-32T 1215:1230 However, strain HIs16-32T was distinguishable from the phylogenetically related genera in terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. 28857028 4 7 theme Strain 441:446 arg1 HIs16-32T 448:456 Strain HIs16-32T 441:456 Strain HIs16-32T 441:456 Strain HIs16-32T contained glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan; however, alanine was absent. 28857028 7 8 theme 72.2 mol 797:804 arg1 content 768:774 The DNA G+C content 756:774 The DNA G+C content 756:774 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 72.2 mol%. 28857028 7 8 theme 72.2 mol 797:804 arg1 % 805:805 72.2 mol% 797:805 72.2 mol% 797:805 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 72.2 mol%. 28857028 10 9 theme chemotaxonomic 1305:1318 arg1 characteristics 1320:1334 chemotaxonomic characteristics 1305:1334 chemotaxonomic characteristics 1305:1334 However, strain HIs16-32T was distinguishable from the phylogenetically related genera in terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. 28857028 10 10 theme phylogenetic 1340:1351 arg1 relationship 1353:1364 phylogenetic relationship 1340:1364 phylogenetic relationship 1340:1364 However, strain HIs16-32T was distinguishable from the phylogenetically related genera in terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. 28857028 3 11 theme strain 348:353 arg1 HIs16-32T 355:363 strain HIs16-32T 348:363 strain HIs16-32T 348:363 The cells of strain HIs16-32T were Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-endospore-forming. 28857028 6 12 dep identified 639:648 arg1  0 719:720  0 719:720  0 719:720 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 2 13 attach isolated 191:198 arg1 sample 212:217 a sand sample 205:217 a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan 205:263 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HIs16-32T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 28857028 2 13 attach isolated 191:198 arg2 actinobacterium 148:162 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 120:162 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 120:162 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HIs16-32T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 28857028 4 14 theme glutamic 468:475 arg1 acid 477:480 glutamic acid 468:480 glutamic acid 468:480 Strain HIs16-32T contained glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan; however, alanine was absent. 28857028 4 15 from glycine 483:489 arg1 peptidoglycan 509:521 the peptidoglycan 505:521 the peptidoglycan 505:521 Strain HIs16-32T contained glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan; however, alanine was absent. 28857028 10 16 theme related 1278:1284 arg1 genera 1286:1291 the phylogenetically related genera 1257:1291 the phylogenetically related genera in terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship 1257:1364 However, strain HIs16-32T was distinguishable from the phylogenetically related genera in terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. 28857028 10 17 from genera 1286:1291 arg1 distinguishable 1236:1250 distinguishable 1236:1250 distinguishable 1236:1250 However, strain HIs16-32T was distinguishable from the phylogenetically related genera in terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. 28857028 10 17 from genera 1286:1291 arg1 terms 1296:1300 terms 1296:1300 terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship 1296:1364 However, strain HIs16-32T was distinguishable from the phylogenetically related genera in terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. 28857028 8 18 theme reliable 978:985 arg1 cluster 987:993 a reliable cluster 976:993 a reliable cluster with any known members of the family 976:1030 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 5 19 theme cell-wall 592:600 arg1 sugars 602:607 cell-wall sugars 592:607 cell-wall sugars 592:607 Galactose and mannose were detected as cell-wall sugars. 28857028 5 19 theme cell-wall 592:600 arg1 mannose 567:573 mannose 567:573 mannose 567:573 Galactose and mannose were detected as cell-wall sugars. 28857028 5 19 theme cell-wall 592:600 arg1 Galactose 553:561 Galactose 553:561 Galactose 553:561 Galactose and mannose were detected as cell-wall sugars. 28857028 1 20 theme new 40:42 arg1 member 44:49 a new member 38:49 a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat 38:117 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat. 28857028 1 20 theme new 40:42 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat. 28857028 13 21 theme 112289T=TBRC 1597:1608 arg1 7038T 1610:1614 =NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T 1591:1614 =NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T 1591:1614 The type strain of A. flava is HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T). 28857028 13 21 theme 112289T=TBRC 1597:1608 arg1 HIs16-32T 1580:1588 HIs16-32T 1580:1588 HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T) 1580:1615 The type strain of A. flava is HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T). 28857028 4 22 from acid 477:480 arg1 peptidoglycan 509:521 the peptidoglycan 505:521 the peptidoglycan 505:521 Strain HIs16-32T contained glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan; however, alanine was absent. 28857028 10 23 theme characteristics 1320:1334 arg1 terms 1296:1300 terms 1296:1300 terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship 1296:1364 However, strain HIs16-32T was distinguishable from the phylogenetically related genera in terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. 28857028 2 24 theme mangrove 236:243 arg1 flat 251:254 a mangrove tidal flat 234:254 a mangrove tidal flat in Japan 234:263 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HIs16-32T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 28857028 8 25 theme Phylogenetic 808:819 arg1 analyses 821:828 Phylogenetic analyses 808:828 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 808:871 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 0 26 theme flava 11:15 arg1 nov. 22:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 0:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 0:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 13 27 theme flava 1571:1575 arg1 HIs16-32T 1580:1588 HIs16-32T 1580:1588 HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T) 1580:1615 The type strain of A. flava is HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T). 28857028 13 27 theme flava 1571:1575 arg1 strain 1558:1563 The type strain 1549:1563 The type strain of A. flava 1549:1575 The type strain of A. flava is HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T). 28857028 9 28 theme genera 1120:1125 arg1 Herbiconiux 1127:1137 the genera Herbiconiux 1116:1137 the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %) 1116:1150 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 9 28 theme genera 1120:1125 arg1 % 1149:1149 96.1-96.8 % 1139:1149 96.1-96.8 % 1139:1149 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 2 29 theme taxonomic 273:281 arg1 position 283:290 its taxonomic position 269:290 its taxonomic position 269:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HIs16-32T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 28857028 11 30 theme name 1494:1497 arg1 nov. 1521:1524 the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 1490:1524 the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 1490:1524 Therefore, strain HIs16-32T is concluded to represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 0 31 theme Arenivirga 0:9 arg1 nov. 22:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 0:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 0:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 8 32 theme Microbacteriaceae 941:957 arg1 members 919:925 members 919:925 members of the family Microbacteriaceae 919:957 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 7 33 theme G+C 764:766 arg1 content 768:774 The DNA G+C content 756:774 The DNA G+C content 756:774 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 72.2 mol%. 28857028 7 33 theme G+C 764:766 arg1 % 805:805 72.2 mol% 797:805 72.2 mol% 797:805 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 72.2 mol%. 28857028 10 34 theme relationship 1353:1364 arg1 terms 1296:1300 terms 1296:1300 terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship 1296:1364 However, strain HIs16-32T was distinguishable from the phylogenetically related genera in terms of chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. 28857028 9 35 theme Herbiconiux 1127:1137 arg1 species 1105:1111 species 1105:1111 species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %) 1105:1203 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 8 36 theme known 1004:1008 arg1 members 1010:1016 any known members 1000:1016 any known members of the family 1000:1030 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 8 37 theme family 934:939 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 941:957 the family Microbacteriaceae 930:957 the family Microbacteriaceae 930:957 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 1 38 theme family 58:63 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 65:81 the family Microbacteriaceae 54:81 the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat 54:117 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat. 28857028 8 39 with cluster 987:993 arg1 members 1010:1016 any known members 1000:1016 any known members of the family 1000:1030 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 0 40 theme gen. 17:20 arg1 nov. 22:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 0:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 0:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 2 41 theme tidal 245:249 arg1 flat 251:254 a mangrove tidal flat 234:254 a mangrove tidal flat in Japan 234:263 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HIs16-32T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 28857028 11 42 theme Arenivirga 1499:1508 arg1 nov. 1521:1524 the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 1490:1524 the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 1490:1524 Therefore, strain HIs16-32T is concluded to represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 1 43 theme Microbacteriaceae 65:81 arg1 member 44:49 a new member 38:49 a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat 38:117 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat. 28857028 1 43 theme Microbacteriaceae 65:81 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat. 28857028 8 44 theme 16S 839:841 arg1 rRNA 843:846 16S rRNA 839:846 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 839:871 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 11 45 theme strain 1378:1383 arg1 HIs16-32T 1385:1393 strain HIs16-32T 1378:1393 strain HIs16-32T 1378:1393 Therefore, strain HIs16-32T is concluded to represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 13 46 theme type 1553:1556 arg1 HIs16-32T 1580:1588 HIs16-32T 1580:1588 HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T) 1580:1615 The type strain of A. flava is HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T). 28857028 13 46 theme type 1553:1556 arg1 strain 1558:1563 The type strain 1549:1563 The type strain of A. flava 1549:1575 The type strain of A. flava is HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T). 28857028 2 47 theme sand 207:210 arg1 sample 212:217 a sand sample 205:217 a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan 205:263 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HIs16-32T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 28857028 7 48 theme DNA 760:762 arg1 content 768:774 The DNA G+C content 756:774 The DNA G+C content 756:774 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 72.2 mol%. 28857028 7 48 theme DNA 760:762 arg1 % 805:805 72.2 mol% 797:805 72.2 mol% 797:805 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 72.2 mol%. 28857028 11 49 theme family 1454:1459 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1461:1477 the family Microbacteriaceae 1450:1477 the family Microbacteriaceae 1450:1477 Therefore, strain HIs16-32T is concluded to represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 11 50 theme Microbacteriaceae 1461:1477 arg1 species 1439:1445 species 1439:1445 species 1439:1445 Therefore, strain HIs16-32T is concluded to represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 11 50 theme Microbacteriaceae 1461:1477 arg1 genus 1429:1433 a novel genus 1421:1433 a novel genus 1421:1433 Therefore, strain HIs16-32T is concluded to represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 2 51 theme Gram-stain-positive 128:146 arg1 actinobacterium 148:162 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 120:162 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 120:162 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HIs16-32T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 28857028 8 52 theme gene 848:851 arg1 comparison 862:871 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 839:871 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 839:871 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 3 53 theme HIs16-32T 355:363 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 370:388 Gram-stain-positive 370:388 Gram-stain-positive 370:388 The cells of strain HIs16-32T were Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-endospore-forming. 28857028 3 53 theme HIs16-32T 355:363 arg1 cells 339:343 The cells 335:343 The cells of strain HIs16-32T 335:363 The cells of strain HIs16-32T were Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-endospore-forming. 28857028 8 54 theme family 1025:1030 arg1 members 1010:1016 any known members 1000:1016 any known members of the family 1000:1030 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 2 55 theme novel 122:126 arg1 actinobacterium 148:162 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 120:162 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 120:162 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HIs16-32T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 28857028 0 56 dep sp 28:29 arg1 nov. 22:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 0:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 0:25 Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 8 57 theme rRNA 843:846 arg1 comparison 862:871 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 839:871 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 839:871 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 9 58 theme Plantibacter 1153:1164 arg1 species 1105:1111 species 1105:1111 species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %) 1105:1203 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 9 59 theme rRNA 1049:1052 arg1 similarity 1068:1077 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1033:1077 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values 1033:1084 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 13 60 theme =NBRC 1591:1595 arg1 7038T 1610:1614 =NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T 1591:1614 =NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T 1591:1614 The type strain of A. flava is HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T). 28857028 13 60 theme =NBRC 1591:1595 arg1 HIs16-32T 1580:1588 HIs16-32T 1580:1588 HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T) 1580:1615 The type strain of A. flava is HIs16-32T (=NBRC 112289T=TBRC 7038T). 28857028 11 61 dep sp 1527:1528 arg1 nov. 1521:1524 the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 1490:1524 the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 1490:1524 Therefore, strain HIs16-32T is concluded to represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 8 62 theme sequence 853:860 arg1 comparison 862:871 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 839:871 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 839:871 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HIs16-32T was related to members of the family Microbacteriaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any known members of the family. 28857028 4 63 contain contained 458:466 arg2 acid 477:480 glutamic acid 468:480 glutamic acid 468:480 Strain HIs16-32T contained glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan; however, alanine was absent. 28857028 4 63 contain contained 458:466 arg2 lysine 495:500 lysine 495:500 lysine 495:500 Strain HIs16-32T contained glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan; however, alanine was absent. 28857028 4 63 contain contained 458:466 arg2 glycine 483:489 glycine 483:489 glycine 483:489 Strain HIs16-32T contained glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan; however, alanine was absent. 28857028 4 63 contain contained 458:466 arg1 HIs16-32T 448:456 Strain HIs16-32T 441:456 Strain HIs16-32T 441:456 Strain HIs16-32T contained glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan; however, alanine was absent. 28857028 11 64 theme gen. 1516:1519 arg1 nov. 1521:1524 the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 1490:1524 the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 1490:1524 Therefore, strain HIs16-32T is concluded to represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 9 65 theme 16S 1045:1047 arg1 similarity 1068:1077 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1033:1077 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values 1033:1084 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 9 66 theme gene 1054:1057 arg1 similarity 1068:1077 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1033:1077 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values 1033:1084 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 9 67 theme highest 1037:1043 arg1 similarity 1068:1077 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1033:1077 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values 1033:1084 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 9 68 theme sequence 1059:1066 arg1 similarity 1068:1077 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1033:1077 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values 1033:1084 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 1 69 theme mangrove 99:106 arg1 flat 114:117 a mangrove tidal flat 97:117 a mangrove tidal flat 97:117 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat. 28857028 6 70 dep  0 719:720 arg1  0 736:737  0 736:737  0 736:737 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 6 70 dep  0 719:720 arg1  0 752:753  0 752:753  0 752:753 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 6 70 dep  0 719:720 arg1 iso-C16  743:750 iso-C16  743:750 iso-C16  743:750 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 11 71 theme novel 1423:1427 arg1 genus 1429:1433 a novel genus 1421:1433 a novel genus 1421:1433 Therefore, strain HIs16-32T is concluded to represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 9 72 theme similarity 1068:1077 arg1 values 1079:1084 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values 1033:1084 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values 1033:1084 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with species of the genera Herbiconiux(96.1-96.8 %), Plantibacter(96.5-96.7 %) and Schumannella (96.7 %). 28857028 1 73 theme tidal 108:112 arg1 flat 114:117 a mangrove tidal flat 97:117 a mangrove tidal flat 97:117 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a mangrove tidal flat. 28857028 2 74 from flat 251:254 arg1 Japan 259:263 Japan 259:263 Japan 259:263 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HIs16-32T, was isolated from a sand sample collected from a mangrove tidal flat in Japan and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 28857028 11 75 theme flava 1510:1514 arg1 nov. 1521:1524 the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 1490:1524 the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov. 1490:1524 Therefore, strain HIs16-32T is concluded to represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Arenivirga flava gen. nov., sp. 28857028 6 76 theme fatty 691:695 arg1 acids 697:701 the major fatty acids 681:701 the major fatty acids 681:701 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 6 76 theme fatty 691:695 arg1 quinones 625:632 The isoprenoid quinones 610:632 The isoprenoid quinones 610:632 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 6 77 theme isoprenoid 614:623 arg1 acids 697:701 the major fatty acids 681:701 the major fatty acids 681:701 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 6 77 theme isoprenoid 614:623 arg1 MK-12 660:664 MK-12 660:664 MK-12 660:664 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 6 77 theme isoprenoid 614:623 arg1 MK-11 653:657 MK-11 653:657 MK-11 653:657 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 6 77 theme isoprenoid 614:623 arg1 anteiso-C15  706:717 anteiso-C15  706:717 anteiso-C15  706:717 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28857028 6 77 theme isoprenoid 614:623 arg1 quinones 625:632 The isoprenoid quinones 610:632 The isoprenoid quinones 610:632 The isoprenoid quinones were identified as MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and the major fatty acids as anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25977283 11 0 theme Humibacter 1257:1266 arg1 species 1236:1242 novel species 1230:1242 novel species 1230:1242 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 2 1 theme ginseng 98:104 arg1 field 106:110 a ginseng field 96:110 a ginseng field 96:110 nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field. 25977283 7 2 dep strains 674:680 arg1 strains 674:680 strains DCY60T and DCY90T 674:698 strains DCY60T and DCY90T 674:698 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T were 62.8 and 66.8 mol%, respectively. 25977283 7 2 dep strains 674:680 arg1 DCY90T 693:698 DCY90T 693:698 DCY90T 693:698 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T were 62.8 and 66.8 mol%, respectively. 25977283 7 2 dep strains 674:680 arg1 DCY60T 682:687 DCY60T 682:687 DCY60T 682:687 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T were 62.8 and 66.8 mol%, respectively. 25977283 10 3 theme unidentified 1100:1111 arg1 glycolipid 1113:1122 an unidentified glycolipid 1097:1122 an unidentified glycolipid 1097:1122 The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unknown phospholipid. 25977283 12 4 theme type 1321:1324 arg1 30079T 1360:1365 type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T 1321:1365 type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T 1321:1365 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 12 4 theme type 1321:1324 arg1 nov 1315:1317 nov 1315:1317 nov 1315:1317 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 12 5 theme 33520T = JCM 1347:1358 arg1 30079T 1360:1365 type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T 1321:1365 type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T 1321:1365 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 12 5 theme 33520T = JCM 1347:1358 arg1 nov 1315:1317 nov 1315:1317 nov 1315:1317 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 11 6 theme phenotypic 1174:1183 arg1 analysis 1185:1192 the phenotypic analysis 1170:1192 the phenotypic analysis 1170:1192 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 11 7 dep analysis 1185:1192 arg1 the 1157:1159 the 1157:1159 the 1157:1159 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 11 7 dep analysis 1185:1192 arg1 basis 1161:1165 basis 1161:1165 basis 1161:1165 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 3 8 from Republic 236:243 arg1 soil 205:208 soil 205:208 soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea 205:252 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 25977283 11 9 theme ginsengiterrae 1296:1309 arg1 sp 1311:1312 Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp 1285:1312 Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp 1285:1312 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 12 10 theme DCY60T = KCTC 1333:1345 arg1 30079T 1360:1365 type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T 1321:1365 type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T 1321:1365 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 12 10 theme DCY60T = KCTC 1333:1345 arg1 nov 1315:1317 nov 1315:1317 nov 1315:1317 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 6 11 dep anteiso-C17  572:583 arg1  1ω7c 625:629  1ω7c 625:629  1ω7c 625:629 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 6 11 dep anteiso-C17  572:583 arg1 feature 599:605 summed feature 8 592:607 summed feature 8 592:607 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 6 11 dep anteiso-C17  572:583 arg1  1ω6c 643:647  1ω6c 643:647 anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c 572:647 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 6 11 dep anteiso-C17  572:583 arg1  0 585:586  0 585:586  0 585:586 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 6 11 dep anteiso-C17  572:583 arg1 C18  638:641 C18  638:641 C18  638:641 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 6 12 theme fatty 555:559 arg1 anteiso-C17  572:583 anteiso-C17  572:583 anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c 572:647 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 6 12 theme fatty 555:559 arg1 acids 561:565 The major fatty acids 545:565 The major fatty acids 545:565 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 12 13 dep sp 1396:1397 arg1 30079T 1360:1365 type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T 1321:1365 type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T 1321:1365 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 12 13 dep sp 1396:1397 arg1 Humibacter 1372:1381 Humibacter 1372:1381 Humibacter 1372:1381 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 12 13 dep sp 1396:1397 arg1 nov 1315:1317 nov 1315:1317 nov 1315:1317 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 12 14 dep nov 1315:1317 arg1 ginsengisoli 1383:1394 ginsengisoli 1383:1394 ginsengisoli 1383:1394 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 4 15 theme 98.8 433:436 arg1 % 446:446 98.8 and 98.4% 433:446 % 446:446 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 4 16 theme Humibacter 364:373 arg1 members 343:349 members 343:349 members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T 343:430 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 9 17 theme strain 966:971 arg1 DCY90T 973:978 strain DCY90T 966:978 strain DCY90T 966:978 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T comprised glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose, while strain DCY90T contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 25977283 4 18 theme 16S 255:257 arg1 comparisons 278:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 255:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 255:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 3 19 attach isolated 191:198 arg1 soil 205:208 soil 205:208 soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea 205:252 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 25977283 3 19 attach isolated 191:198 arg2 bacteria 146:153 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria 113:153 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria 113:153 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 25977283 3 20 theme field 223:227 arg1 soil 205:208 soil 205:208 soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea 205:252 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 25977283 4 21 theme genus 358:362 arg1 Humibacter 364:373 the genus Humibacter 354:373 the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T 354:430 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 4 22 dep showed 290:295 arg1 related 332:338 related 332:338 related 332:338 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 11 23 theme Humibacter 1285:1294 arg1 sp 1311:1312 Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp 1285:1312 Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp 1285:1312 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 4 24 theme 98.4 442:445 arg1 % 446:446 98.8 and 98.4% 433:446 % 446:446 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 10 25 theme strains 1062:1068 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1075:1094 phosphatidylglycerol 1075:1094 phosphatidylglycerol 1075:1094 The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unknown phospholipid. 25977283 10 25 theme strains 1062:1068 arg1 lipids 1047:1052 The major polar lipids 1031:1052 The major polar lipids of both strains 1031:1068 The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unknown phospholipid. 25977283 4 26 theme gene 264:267 arg1 comparisons 278:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 255:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 255:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 7 27 theme strains 674:680 arg1 % 722:722 62.8 and 66.8 mol% 705:722 62.8 and 66.8 mol% 705:722 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T were 62.8 and 66.8 mol%, respectively. 25977283 7 27 theme strains 674:680 arg1 contents 662:669 The DNA G+C contents 650:669 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T 650:698 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T were 62.8 and 66.8 mol%, respectively. 25977283 0 28 theme ginsengiterrae 11:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp 0:27 Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 0:28 Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 8 29 contain contained 773:781 arg2 acid 829:832 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 810:832 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 810:832 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 29 contain contained 773:781 arg2 acids 793:797 the amino acids ornithine 783:807 the amino acids ornithine 783:807 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 29 contain contained 773:781 arg2 alanine 835:841 alanine 835:841 alanine 835:841 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 29 contain contained 773:781 arg2 acid 853:856 glutamic acid 844:856 glutamic acid 844:856 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 29 contain contained 773:781 arg2 glycine 862:868 glycine 862:868 glycine 862:868 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 29 contain contained 773:781 arg1 peptidoglycan 743:755 The peptidoglycan 739:755 The peptidoglycan of both strains 739:771 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 6 30 contain containing 609:618 arg1  0 585:586  0 585:586  0 585:586 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 6 30 contain containing 609:618 arg2 C18  620:623 C18  620:623 C18  620:623 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 4 31 theme rRNA 259:262 arg1 comparisons 278:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 255:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 255:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 0 32 theme Humibacter 0:9 arg1 sp 26:27 Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp 0:27 Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 0:28 Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 10 33 theme major 1035:1039 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1075:1094 phosphatidylglycerol 1075:1094 phosphatidylglycerol 1075:1094 The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unknown phospholipid. 25977283 10 33 theme major 1035:1039 arg1 lipids 1047:1052 The major polar lipids 1031:1052 The major polar lipids of both strains 1031:1068 The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unknown phospholipid. 25977283 3 34 theme ginseng 215:221 arg1 field 223:227 a ginseng field 213:227 a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea 213:252 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 25977283 11 35 theme novel 1230:1234 arg1 species 1236:1242 novel species 1230:1242 novel species 1230:1242 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 9 36 theme cell-wall 875:883 arg1 sugars 885:890 The cell-wall sugars 871:890 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T 871:907 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T comprised glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose, while strain DCY90T contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 25977283 8 37 dep acids 793:797 arg1 ornithine 799:807 ornithine 799:807 the amino acids ornithine 783:807 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 4 38 theme sequence 269:276 arg1 comparisons 278:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 255:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 255:288 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 3 39 from field 223:227 arg1 Republic 236:243 the Republic 232:243 the Republic of Korea 232:252 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 25977283 3 40 theme Korea 248:252 arg1 Republic 236:243 the Republic 232:243 the Republic of Korea 232:252 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 25977283 4 41 theme antri 414:418 arg1 KCTC 420:423 Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T 403:430 Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T 403:430 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 8 42 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 810:827 arg1 acid 829:832 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 810:832 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 810:832 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 42 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 810:827 arg1 acids 793:797 the amino acids ornithine 783:807 the amino acids ornithine 783:807 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 43 theme strains 765:771 arg1 peptidoglycan 743:755 The peptidoglycan 739:755 The peptidoglycan of both strains 739:771 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 4 44 theme Humibacter 403:412 arg1 KCTC 420:423 Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T 403:430 Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T 403:430 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 13 45 theme DCY90T = KCTC 1418:1430 arg1 30080T 1445:1450 type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T 1406:1450 type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T 1406:1450 nov. (type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T) are proposed. 25977283 13 45 theme DCY90T = KCTC 1418:1430 arg1 nov 1400:1402 nov 1400:1402 nov 1400:1402 nov. (type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T) are proposed. 25977283 8 46 theme glutamic 844:851 arg1 acid 853:856 glutamic acid 844:856 glutamic acid 844:856 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 46 theme glutamic 844:851 arg1 acids 793:797 the amino acids ornithine 783:807 the amino acids ornithine 783:807 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 1 47 dep nov. 30:33 arg1 ginsengisoli 51:62 ginsengisoli 51:62 ginsengisoli 51:62 nov., and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 9 48 theme strain 895:900 arg1 DCY60T 902:907 strain DCY60T 895:907 strain DCY60T 895:907 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T comprised glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose, while strain DCY90T contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 25977283 11 49 theme genus 1251:1255 arg1 Humibacter 1257:1266 the genus Humibacter 1247:1266 the genus Humibacter 1247:1266 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 13 50 theme 33521T = JCM 1432:1443 arg1 30080T 1445:1450 type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T 1406:1450 type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T 1406:1450 nov. (type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T) are proposed. 25977283 13 50 theme 33521T = JCM 1432:1443 arg1 nov 1400:1402 nov 1400:1402 nov 1400:1402 nov. (type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T) are proposed. 25977283 4 51 theme novel 305:309 arg1 strains 311:317 the two novel strains 297:317 the two novel strains 297:317 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 9 52 theme DCY60T 902:907 arg1 sugars 885:890 The cell-wall sugars 871:890 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T 871:907 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T comprised glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose, while strain DCY90T contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 25977283 10 53 theme polar 1041:1045 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1075:1094 phosphatidylglycerol 1075:1094 phosphatidylglycerol 1075:1094 The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unknown phospholipid. 25977283 10 53 theme polar 1041:1045 arg1 lipids 1047:1052 The major polar lipids 1031:1052 The major polar lipids of both strains 1031:1068 The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unknown phospholipid. 25977283 6 54 theme major 549:553 arg1 anteiso-C17  572:583 anteiso-C17  572:583 anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c 572:647 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 6 54 theme major 549:553 arg1 acids 561:565 The major fatty acids 545:565 The major fatty acids 545:565 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 3 55 from soil 205:208 arg1 Republic 236:243 the Republic 232:243 the Republic of Korea 232:252 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 25977283 9 56 contain contained 980:988 arg1 DCY90T 973:978 strain DCY90T 966:978 strain DCY90T 966:978 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T comprised glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose, while strain DCY90T contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 25977283 9 56 contain contained 980:988 arg2 rhamnose 1010:1017 rhamnose 1010:1017 rhamnose 1010:1017 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T comprised glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose, while strain DCY90T contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 25977283 9 56 contain contained 980:988 arg2 galactose 999:1007 galactose 999:1007 galactose 999:1007 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T comprised glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose, while strain DCY90T contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 25977283 9 56 contain contained 980:988 arg2 glucose 990:996 glucose 990:996 glucose 990:996 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T comprised glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose, while strain DCY90T contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 25977283 9 56 contain contained 980:988 arg2 ribose 1023:1028 ribose 1023:1028 ribose 1023:1028 The cell-wall sugars of strain DCY60T comprised glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose, while strain DCY90T contained glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 25977283 4 57 theme greatest 380:387 arg1 similarity 389:398 greatest similarity 380:398 greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T 380:430 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 5 58 theme predominant 490:500 arg1 MK-11 528:532 MK-11 528:532 MK-11 528:532 The predominant menaquinones present were MK-11 and MK-12. 25977283 5 58 theme predominant 490:500 arg1 present 515:521 The predominant menaquinones present 486:521 The predominant menaquinones present 486:521 The predominant menaquinones present were MK-11 and MK-12. 25977283 6 59 theme summed 592:597 arg1 feature 599:605 summed feature 8 592:607 summed feature 8 592:607 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 8 containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. 25977283 5 60 theme menaquinones 502:513 arg1 MK-11 528:532 MK-11 528:532 MK-11 528:532 The predominant menaquinones present were MK-11 and MK-12. 25977283 5 60 theme menaquinones 502:513 arg1 present 515:521 The predominant menaquinones present 486:521 The predominant menaquinones present 486:521 The predominant menaquinones present were MK-11 and MK-12. 25977283 12 61 theme strain 1326:1331 arg1 30079T 1360:1365 type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T 1321:1365 type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T 1321:1365 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 12 61 theme strain 1326:1331 arg1 nov 1315:1317 nov 1315:1317 nov 1315:1317 nov. (type strain DCY60T = KCTC 33520T = JCM 30079T) and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 11 62 dep sp 1311:1312 arg1 names 1279:1283 names 1279:1283 names 1279:1283 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 3 63 theme novel 117:121 arg1 bacteria 146:153 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria 113:153 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria 113:153 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 25977283 1 64 dep sp 64:65 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 1 64 dep sp 64:65 arg1 Humibacter 40:49 Humibacter 40:49 Humibacter 40:49 nov., and Humibacter ginsengisoli sp. 25977283 4 65 dep related 332:338 arg1 % 446:446 98.8 and 98.4% 433:446 % 446:446 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 8 66 theme amino 787:791 arg1 alanine 835:841 alanine 835:841 alanine 835:841 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 66 theme amino 787:791 arg1 acid 853:856 glutamic acid 844:856 glutamic acid 844:856 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 66 theme amino 787:791 arg1 acid 829:832 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 810:832 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 810:832 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 66 theme amino 787:791 arg1 acids 793:797 the amino acids ornithine 783:807 the amino acids ornithine 783:807 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 8 66 theme amino 787:791 arg1 glycine 862:868 glycine 862:868 glycine 862:868 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained the amino acids ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. 25977283 10 67 theme unknown 1132:1138 arg1 phospholipid 1140:1151 an unknown phospholipid 1129:1151 an unknown phospholipid 1129:1151 The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unknown phospholipid. 25977283 13 68 theme type 1406:1409 arg1 30080T 1445:1450 type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T 1406:1450 type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T 1406:1450 nov. (type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T) are proposed. 25977283 13 68 theme type 1406:1409 arg1 nov 1400:1402 nov 1400:1402 nov 1400:1402 nov. (type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T) are proposed. 25977283 3 69 theme Gram-staining-positive 123:144 arg1 bacteria 146:153 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria 113:153 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria 113:153 Two novel Gram-staining-positive bacteria, designated DCY60T and DCY90T, were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 25977283 7 70 theme DNA 654:656 arg1 % 722:722 62.8 and 66.8 mol% 705:722 62.8 and 66.8 mol% 705:722 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T were 62.8 and 66.8 mol%, respectively. 25977283 7 70 theme DNA 654:656 arg1 contents 662:669 The DNA G+C contents 650:669 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T 650:698 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T were 62.8 and 66.8 mol%, respectively. 25977283 11 71 dep strains 1194:1200 arg1 strains 1194:1200 strains DCY60T and DCY90T 1194:1218 strains DCY60T and DCY90T 1194:1218 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 11 71 dep strains 1194:1200 arg1 DCY90T 1213:1218 DCY90T 1213:1218 DCY90T 1213:1218 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 11 71 dep strains 1194:1200 arg1 DCY60T 1202:1207 DCY60T 1202:1207 DCY60T 1202:1207 On the basis of the phenotypic analysis strains DCY60T and DCY90T represent novel species of the genus Humibacter, for which names Humibacter ginsengiterrae sp. 25977283 2 72 theme field 106:110 arg1 soil 88:91 soil 88:91 soil of a ginseng field 88:110 nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field. 25977283 13 73 theme strain 1411:1416 arg1 30080T 1445:1450 type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T 1406:1450 type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T 1406:1450 nov. (type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T) are proposed. 25977283 13 73 theme strain 1411:1416 arg1 nov 1400:1402 nov 1400:1402 nov 1400:1402 nov. (type strain DCY90T = KCTC 33521T = JCM 30080T) are proposed. 25977283 4 74 with Humibacter 364:373 arg1 similarity 389:398 greatest similarity 380:398 greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T 380:430 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed the two novel strains were closely related to members of the genus Humibacter with greatest similarity to Humibacter antri KCTC 33009T (98.8 and 98.4% for DCY60T and DCY90T, respectively). 25977283 7 75 theme G+C 658:660 arg1 % 722:722 62.8 and 66.8 mol% 705:722 62.8 and 66.8 mol% 705:722 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T were 62.8 and 66.8 mol%, respectively. 25977283 7 75 theme G+C 658:660 arg1 contents 662:669 The DNA G+C contents 650:669 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T 650:698 The DNA G+C contents of strains DCY60T and DCY90T were 62.8 and 66.8 mol%, respectively. 24992586 9 0 theme proteoglycan 1191:1202 arg1 higher 1268:1273 higher 1268:1273 higher 1268:1273 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 9 0 theme proteoglycan 1191:1202 arg1 concentration 1204:1216 The proteoglycan concentration 1187:1216 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs 1187:1248 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 6 1 theme metabolic 866:874 arg1 activity 876:883 maintained metabolic activity 855:883 maintained metabolic activity 855:883 Bovine discs with trypsin-induced degeneration were cultured for 14 days in a bioreactor under dynamic loading with maintained metabolic activity. 24992586 12 2 theme dynamic 1784:1790 arg1 load 1806:1809 dynamic physiological load 1784:1809 dynamic physiological load 1784:1809 Taken together, this study shows that dynamic physiological load has the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration. 24992586 11 3 theme aggrecan 1690:1697 arg1 production 1699:1708 aggrecan production 1690:1708 aggrecan production 1690:1708 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 11 4 theme loaded 1591:1596 arg1 discs 1598:1602 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1575:1602 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1575:1602 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 2 5 theme bearing 250:256 arg1 capacity 258:265 weight bearing capacity 243:265 weight bearing capacity 243:265 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 1 6 theme proteoglycan 151:162 arg1 content 164:170 proteoglycan content 151:170 proteoglycan content 151:170 A hallmark of early IVD degeneration is a decrease in proteoglycan content. 24992586 9 7 theme size 1354:1357 arg1 range 1359:1363 the same size range 1345:1363 the same size range 1345:1363 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 9 8 theme trypsin-treated 1228:1242 arg1 discs 1244:1248 loaded trypsin-treated discs 1221:1248 loaded trypsin-treated discs 1221:1248 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 2 9 theme height 284:289 arg1 degradation 216:226 matrix degradation 209:226 matrix degradation 209:226 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 2 9 theme height 284:289 arg1 decrease 231:238 a decrease 229:238 a decrease in weight bearing capacity 229:265 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 2 9 theme height 284:289 arg1 loss 271:274 loss 271:274 loss of disc height 271:289 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 8 10 located observed 1033:1040 arg2 change 1022:1027 No change 1019:1027 No change 1019:1027 No change was observed in chondroadherin integrity and a non-significant increase in abundance was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs. 24992586 8 10 located observed 1033:1040 arg1 integrity 1060:1068 chondroadherin integrity 1045:1068 chondroadherin integrity 1045:1068 No change was observed in chondroadherin integrity and a non-significant increase in abundance was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs. 24992586 11 11 located detected 1563:1570 arg2 collagen 1550:1557 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen 1505:1557 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen 1505:1557 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 11 11 located detected 1563:1570 arg1 discs 1598:1602 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1575:1602 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1575:1602 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 5 12 theme matrix 677:682 arg1 homeostasis 684:694 matrix homeostasis 677:694 matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration 677:736 This study evaluates the effect of physiological loading compared to no loading on matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration. 24992586 5 13 from homeostasis 684:694 arg1 discs 706:710 bovine discs 699:710 bovine discs with induced degeneration 699:736 This study evaluates the effect of physiological loading compared to no loading on matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration. 24992586 7 14 theme loading 998:1004 arg1 environment 1006:1016 the chosen loading environment 987:1016 the chosen loading environment 987:1016 Chondroadherin abundance and structure was used to confirm that a functional matrix was preserved in the chosen loading environment. 24992586 5 15 theme loading 643:649 arg1 effect 619:624 the effect 615:624 the effect of physiological loading compared to no loading on matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration 615:736 This study evaluates the effect of physiological loading compared to no loading on matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration. 24992586 7 16 theme chosen 991:996 arg1 environment 1006:1016 the chosen loading environment 987:1016 the chosen loading environment 987:1016 Chondroadherin abundance and structure was used to confirm that a functional matrix was preserved in the chosen loading environment. 24992586 4 17 with patients 546:553 arg1 signs 566:570 early signs 560:570 early signs of disc degeneration 560:591 It is crucial to understand the interplay between mechanobiology, disc composition and metabolism to be able to provide exercise recommendations to patients with early signs of disc degeneration. 24992586 1 18 theme IVD 117:119 arg1 degeneration 121:132 early IVD degeneration 111:132 early IVD degeneration 111:132 A hallmark of early IVD degeneration is a decrease in proteoglycan content. 24992586 2 19 from loss 271:274 arg1 capacity 258:265 weight bearing capacity 243:265 weight bearing capacity 243:265 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 3 20 theme final 299:303 arg1 stages 305:310 the final stages 295:310 the final stages of IVD degradation 295:329 In the final stages of IVD degradation, fissures appear in the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP. 24992586 9 21 located found 1374:1378 arg2 those 1368:1372 those 1368:1372 those 1368:1372 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 9 21 located found 1374:1378 arg1 samples 1391:1397 control samples 1383:1397 control samples 1383:1397 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 5 22 theme induced 717:723 arg1 degeneration 725:736 induced degeneration 717:736 induced degeneration 717:736 This study evaluates the effect of physiological loading compared to no loading on matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration. 24992586 11 23 theme type 1542:1545 arg1 collagen 1550:1557 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen 1505:1557 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen 1505:1557 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 9 24 theme synthesised 1311:1321 arg1 proteoglycans 1323:1335 the newly synthesised proteoglycans 1301:1335 the newly synthesised proteoglycans 1301:1335 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 3 25 theme degradation 319:329 arg1 stages 305:310 the final stages 295:310 the final stages of IVD degradation 295:329 In the final stages of IVD degradation, fissures appear in the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP. 24992586 4 26 theme disc 464:467 arg1 composition 469:479 disc composition 464:479 disc composition 464:479 It is crucial to understand the interplay between mechanobiology, disc composition and metabolism to be able to provide exercise recommendations to patients with early signs of disc degeneration. 24992586 10 27 theme NP 1460:1461 arg1 region 1463:1468 the NP region 1456:1468 the NP region 1456:1468 The proteoglycan showed an even distribution throughout the NP region, similar to that of control discs. 24992586 0 28 theme IVD 79:81 arg1 degeneration 83:94 early IVD degeneration 73:94 early IVD degeneration 73:94 Physiological loading can restore the proteoglycan content in a model of early IVD degeneration. 24992586 3 29 theme NP 394:395 arg1 extrusion 377:385 the annular ring allowing extrusion 351:385 the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP 351:395 In the final stages of IVD degradation, fissures appear in the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP. 24992586 0 30 theme Physiological 0:12 arg1 loading 14:20 Physiological loading 0:20 Physiological loading 0:20 Physiological loading can restore the proteoglycan content in a model of early IVD degeneration. 24992586 11 31 dep load 1665:1668 arg1 only 1674:1677 only 1674:1677 only 1674:1677 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 8 32 theme chondroadherin 1045:1058 arg1 integrity 1060:1068 chondroadherin integrity 1045:1068 chondroadherin integrity 1045:1068 No change was observed in chondroadherin integrity and a non-significant increase in abundance was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs. 24992586 2 33 from decrease 231:238 arg1 capacity 258:265 weight bearing capacity 243:265 weight bearing capacity 243:265 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 12 34 theme early 1883:1887 arg1 degeneration 1894:1905 early disc degeneration 1883:1905 early disc degeneration 1883:1905 Taken together, this study shows that dynamic physiological load has the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration. 24992586 3 35 theme allowing 368:375 arg1 extrusion 377:385 the annular ring allowing extrusion 351:385 the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP 351:395 In the final stages of IVD degradation, fissures appear in the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP. 24992586 11 36 theme type 1728:1731 arg1 collagen 1736:1743 type II collagen 1728:1743 type II collagen 1728:1743 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 5 37 from effect 619:624 arg1 homeostasis 684:694 matrix homeostasis 677:694 matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration 677:736 This study evaluates the effect of physiological loading compared to no loading on matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration. 24992586 8 38 theme non-significant 1076:1090 arg1 increase 1092:1099 a non-significant increase 1074:1099 a non-significant increase in abundance 1074:1112 No change was observed in chondroadherin integrity and a non-significant increase in abundance was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs. 24992586 3 39 theme annular 355:361 arg1 extrusion 377:385 the annular ring allowing extrusion 351:385 the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP 351:395 In the final stages of IVD degradation, fissures appear in the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP. 24992586 12 40 theme degeneration 1894:1905 arg1 typical 1872:1878 typical 1872:1878 typical 1872:1878 Taken together, this study shows that dynamic physiological load has the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration. 24992586 9 41 theme control 1383:1389 arg1 samples 1391:1397 control samples 1383:1397 control samples 1383:1397 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 12 42 theme matrix 1855:1860 arg1 depletion 1862:1870 the extracellular matrix depletion 1837:1870 the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration 1837:1905 Taken together, this study shows that dynamic physiological load has the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration. 24992586 12 43 theme extracellular 1841:1853 arg1 depletion 1862:1870 the extracellular matrix depletion 1837:1870 the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration 1837:1905 Taken together, this study shows that dynamic physiological load has the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration. 24992586 6 44 theme trypsin-induced 757:771 arg1 degeneration 773:784 trypsin-induced degeneration 757:784 trypsin-induced degeneration 757:784 Bovine discs with trypsin-induced degeneration were cultured for 14 days in a bioreactor under dynamic loading with maintained metabolic activity. 24992586 12 45 theme typical 1872:1878 arg1 depletion 1862:1870 the extracellular matrix depletion 1837:1870 the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration 1837:1905 Taken together, this study shows that dynamic physiological load has the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration. 24992586 4 46 theme early 560:564 arg1 signs 566:570 early signs 560:570 early signs of disc degeneration 560:591 It is crucial to understand the interplay between mechanobiology, disc composition and metabolism to be able to provide exercise recommendations to patients with early signs of disc degeneration. 24992586 11 47 theme physiological 1651:1663 arg1 load 1665:1668 physiological load 1651:1668 physiological load 1651:1668 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 7 48 theme Chondroadherin 886:899 arg1 abundance 901:909 Chondroadherin abundance 886:909 Chondroadherin abundance 886:909 Chondroadherin abundance and structure was used to confirm that a functional matrix was preserved in the chosen loading environment. 24992586 8 49 theme loaded 1146:1151 arg1 discs 1153:1157 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1130:1157 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1130:1157 No change was observed in chondroadherin integrity and a non-significant increase in abundance was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs. 24992586 12 50 theme physiological 1792:1804 arg1 load 1806:1809 dynamic physiological load 1784:1809 dynamic physiological load 1784:1809 Taken together, this study shows that dynamic physiological load has the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration. 24992586 8 51 theme unloaded 1171:1178 arg1 discs 1180:1184 unloaded discs 1171:1184 unloaded discs 1171:1184 No change was observed in chondroadherin integrity and a non-significant increase in abundance was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs. 24992586 6 52 theme maintained 855:864 arg1 activity 876:883 maintained metabolic activity 855:883 maintained metabolic activity 855:883 Bovine discs with trypsin-induced degeneration were cultured for 14 days in a bioreactor under dynamic loading with maintained metabolic activity. 24992586 9 53 theme loaded 1221:1226 arg1 discs 1244:1248 loaded trypsin-treated discs 1221:1248 loaded trypsin-treated discs 1221:1248 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 10 54 theme even 1427:1430 arg1 distribution 1432:1443 an even distribution 1424:1443 an even distribution 1424:1443 The proteoglycan showed an even distribution throughout the NP region, similar to that of control discs. 24992586 5 55 theme no 663:664 arg1 loading 666:672 no loading 663:672 no loading 663:672 This study evaluates the effect of physiological loading compared to no loading on matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration. 24992586 6 56 theme Bovine 739:744 arg1 discs 746:750 Bovine discs 739:750 Bovine discs with trypsin-induced degeneration 739:784 Bovine discs with trypsin-induced degeneration were cultured for 14 days in a bioreactor under dynamic loading with maintained metabolic activity. 24992586 2 57 theme disc 279:282 arg1 height 284:289 disc height 279:289 disc height 279:289 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 4 58 theme degeneration 580:591 arg1 signs 566:570 early signs 560:570 early signs of disc degeneration 560:591 It is crucial to understand the interplay between mechanobiology, disc composition and metabolism to be able to provide exercise recommendations to patients with early signs of disc degeneration. 24992586 6 59 with discs 746:750 arg1 degeneration 773:784 trypsin-induced degeneration 757:784 trypsin-induced degeneration 757:784 Bovine discs with trypsin-induced degeneration were cultured for 14 days in a bioreactor under dynamic loading with maintained metabolic activity. 24992586 12 60 contain has 1811:1813 arg1 load 1806:1809 dynamic physiological load 1784:1809 dynamic physiological load 1784:1809 Taken together, this study shows that dynamic physiological load has the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration. 24992586 12 60 contain has 1811:1813 arg2 ability 1819:1825 the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration 1815:1905 the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration 1815:1905 Taken together, this study shows that dynamic physiological load has the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration. 24992586 5 61 with discs 706:710 arg1 degeneration 725:736 induced degeneration 717:736 induced degeneration 717:736 This study evaluates the effect of physiological loading compared to no loading on matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration. 24992586 5 62 theme physiological 629:641 arg1 loading 643:649 physiological loading 629:649 physiological loading 629:649 This study evaluates the effect of physiological loading compared to no loading on matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration. 24992586 2 63 theme matrix 209:214 arg1 degradation 216:226 matrix degradation 209:226 matrix degradation 209:226 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 2 63 theme matrix 209:214 arg1 decrease 231:238 a decrease 229:238 a decrease in weight bearing capacity 229:265 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 2 63 theme matrix 209:214 arg1 loss 271:274 loss 271:274 loss of disc height 271:289 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 11 64 theme trypsin-treated 1575:1589 arg1 discs 1598:1602 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1575:1602 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1575:1602 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 9 65 theme unloaded 1283:1290 arg1 disc 1292:1295 unloaded disc 1283:1295 unloaded disc 1283:1295 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 2 66 theme weight 243:248 arg1 bearing 250:256 weight bearing 243:256 weight bearing capacity 243:265 Progression will eventually lead to matrix degradation, a decrease in weight bearing capacity and loss of disc height. 24992586 7 67 theme functional 952:961 arg1 matrix 963:968 a functional matrix 950:968 a functional matrix 950:968 Chondroadherin abundance and structure was used to confirm that a functional matrix was preserved in the chosen loading environment. 24992586 1 68 theme early 111:115 arg1 degeneration 121:132 early IVD degeneration 111:132 early IVD degeneration 111:132 A hallmark of early IVD degeneration is a decrease in proteoglycan content. 24992586 8 69 from increase 1092:1099 arg1 abundance 1104:1112 abundance 1104:1112 abundance 1104:1112 No change was observed in chondroadherin integrity and a non-significant increase in abundance was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs. 24992586 1 70 theme degeneration 121:132 arg1 hallmark 99:106 A hallmark 97:106 A hallmark of early IVD degeneration 97:132 A hallmark of early IVD degeneration is a decrease in proteoglycan content. 24992586 1 70 theme degeneration 121:132 arg1 decrease 139:146 a decrease 137:146 a decrease in proteoglycan content 137:170 A hallmark of early IVD degeneration is a decrease in proteoglycan content. 24992586 9 71 from concentration 1204:1216 arg1 discs 1244:1248 loaded trypsin-treated discs 1221:1248 loaded trypsin-treated discs 1221:1248 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 11 72 theme synthesised 1530:1540 arg1 collagen 1550:1557 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen 1505:1557 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen 1505:1557 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 0 73 theme early 73:77 arg1 degeneration 83:94 early IVD degeneration 73:94 early IVD degeneration 73:94 Physiological loading can restore the proteoglycan content in a model of early IVD degeneration. 24992586 8 74 located detected 1118:1125 arg1 discs 1153:1157 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1130:1157 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1130:1157 No change was observed in chondroadherin integrity and a non-significant increase in abundance was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs. 24992586 8 74 located detected 1118:1125 arg2 increase 1092:1099 a non-significant increase 1074:1099 a non-significant increase in abundance 1074:1112 No change was observed in chondroadherin integrity and a non-significant increase in abundance was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs. 24992586 0 75 theme degeneration 83:94 arg1 model 64:68 a model 62:68 a model of early IVD degeneration 62:94 Physiological loading can restore the proteoglycan content in a model of early IVD degeneration. 24992586 1 76 from decrease 139:146 arg1 content 164:170 proteoglycan content 151:170 proteoglycan content 151:170 A hallmark of early IVD degeneration is a decrease in proteoglycan content. 24992586 5 77 theme bovine 699:704 arg1 discs 706:710 bovine discs 699:710 bovine discs with induced degeneration 699:736 This study evaluates the effect of physiological loading compared to no loading on matrix homeostasis in bovine discs with induced degeneration. 24992586 3 78 theme IVD 315:317 arg1 degradation 319:329 IVD degradation 315:329 IVD degradation 315:329 In the final stages of IVD degradation, fissures appear in the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP. 24992586 9 79 theme same 1349:1352 arg1 range 1359:1363 the same size range 1345:1363 the same size range 1345:1363 The proteoglycan concentration in loaded trypsin-treated discs was significantly higher than in unloaded disc and the newly synthesised proteoglycans were of the same size range as those found in control samples. 24992586 6 80 with loading 842:848 arg1 activity 876:883 maintained metabolic activity 855:883 maintained metabolic activity 855:883 Bovine discs with trypsin-induced degeneration were cultured for 14 days in a bioreactor under dynamic loading with maintained metabolic activity. 24992586 10 81 theme similar 1471:1477 arg1 region 1463:1468 the NP region 1456:1468 the NP region 1456:1468 The proteoglycan showed an even distribution throughout the NP region, similar to that of control discs. 24992586 12 82 theme disc 1889:1892 arg1 degeneration 1894:1905 early disc degeneration 1883:1905 early disc degeneration 1883:1905 Taken together, this study shows that dynamic physiological load has the ability to repair the extracellular matrix depletion typical of early disc degeneration. 24992586 4 83 theme exercise 518:525 arg1 recommendations 527:541 exercise recommendations 518:541 exercise recommendations 518:541 It is crucial to understand the interplay between mechanobiology, disc composition and metabolism to be able to provide exercise recommendations to patients with early signs of disc degeneration. 24992586 0 84 theme proteoglycan 38:49 arg1 content 51:57 the proteoglycan content 34:57 the proteoglycan content 34:57 Physiological loading can restore the proteoglycan content in a model of early IVD degeneration. 24992586 6 85 theme dynamic 834:840 arg1 loading 842:848 dynamic loading 834:848 dynamic loading with maintained metabolic activity 834:883 Bovine discs with trypsin-induced degeneration were cultured for 14 days in a bioreactor under dynamic loading with maintained metabolic activity. 24992586 7 86 used used 929:932 arg2 structure 915:923 structure 915:923 structure 915:923 Chondroadherin abundance and structure was used to confirm that a functional matrix was preserved in the chosen loading environment. 24992586 7 86 used used 929:932 arg2 abundance 901:909 Chondroadherin abundance 886:909 Chondroadherin abundance 886:909 Chondroadherin abundance and structure was used to confirm that a functional matrix was preserved in the chosen loading environment. 24992586 10 87 theme control 1490:1496 arg1 discs 1498:1502 control discs 1490:1502 control discs 1490:1502 The proteoglycan showed an even distribution throughout the NP region, similar to that of control discs. 24992586 11 88 theme unloaded 1616:1623 arg1 discs 1625:1629 unloaded discs 1616:1629 unloaded discs 1616:1629 Significantly more newly synthesised type II collagen was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs, demonstrating that physiological load not only stimulates aggrecan production, but also that of type II collagen. 24992586 3 89 theme ring 363:366 arg1 extrusion 377:385 the annular ring allowing extrusion 351:385 the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP 351:395 In the final stages of IVD degradation, fissures appear in the annular ring allowing extrusion of the NP. 24992586 8 90 theme trypsin-treated 1130:1144 arg1 discs 1153:1157 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1130:1157 trypsin-treated loaded discs 1130:1157 No change was observed in chondroadherin integrity and a non-significant increase in abundance was detected in trypsin-treated loaded discs compared to unloaded discs. 24992586 4 91 theme disc 575:578 arg1 degeneration 580:591 disc degeneration 575:591 disc degeneration 575:591 It is crucial to understand the interplay between mechanobiology, disc composition and metabolism to be able to provide exercise recommendations to patients with early signs of disc degeneration. 27166835 0 0 theme rice 78:81 arg1 grains 83:88 japonica rice grains 69:88 japonica rice grains 69:88 Chalky part differs in chemical composition from translucent part of japonica rice grains as revealed by a notched-belly mutant with white-belly. 27166835 7 1 theme significant 1105:1115 arg1 effect 1128:1133 no significant chalkiness effect 1102:1133 no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid-P, K, Mg or Zn 1102:1166 By contrast, no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid-P, K, Mg or Zn was observed. 27166835 10 2 dep elements 1607:1614 arg1 Mg 1622:1623 Mg 1622:1623 Mg 1622:1623 Phytic acid and its colocalized elements K and Mg were not affected by chalkiness. 27166835 10 2 dep elements 1607:1614 arg1 K 1616:1616 K 1616:1616 K 1616:1616 Phytic acid and its colocalized elements K and Mg were not affected by chalkiness. 27166835 10 2 dep elements 1607:1614 arg1 elements 1607:1614 its colocalized elements 1591:1614 its colocalized elements K and Mg 1591:1623 Phytic acid and its colocalized elements K and Mg were not affected by chalkiness. 27166835 1 3 theme BACKGROUND 146:155 arg1 Chalkiness 157:166 BACKGROUND Chalkiness 146:166 BACKGROUND Chalkiness 146:166 BACKGROUND Chalkiness has a deleterious influence on rice appearance and milling quality. 27166835 8 4 theme negative 1296:1303 arg1 effect 1305:1310 a negative effect 1294:1310 a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured 1294:1414 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 0 5 theme japonica 69:76 arg1 grains 83:88 japonica rice grains 69:88 japonica rice grains 69:88 Chalky part differs in chemical composition from translucent part of japonica rice grains as revealed by a notched-belly mutant with white-belly. 27166835 7 6 from effect 1128:1133 arg1 K 1156:1156 K 1156:1156 K 1156:1156 By contrast, no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid-P, K, Mg or Zn was observed. 27166835 7 6 from effect 1128:1133 arg1 P 1138:1138 P 1138:1138 P 1138:1138 By contrast, no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid-P, K, Mg or Zn was observed. 27166835 7 6 from effect 1128:1133 arg1 acid-P 1148:1153 phytic acid-P 1141:1153 phytic acid-P 1141:1153 By contrast, no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid-P, K, Mg or Zn was observed. 27166835 7 6 from effect 1128:1133 arg1 Zn 1165:1166 Zn 1165:1166 Zn 1165:1166 By contrast, no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid-P, K, Mg or Zn was observed. 27166835 7 6 from effect 1128:1133 arg1 Mg 1159:1160 Mg 1159:1160 Mg 1159:1160 By contrast, no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid-P, K, Mg or Zn was observed. 27166835 5 7 theme acids 910:914 arg1 majority 888:895 the majority 884:895 the majority of the amino acids measured 884:923 In general, occurrence of chalkiness resulted in higher total starch concentration and lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured. 27166835 2 8 theme comparison 342:351 arg1 system 353:358 a novel comparison system 334:358 a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions 334:435 We identified a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. 27166835 10 9 theme colocalized 1595:1605 arg1 Mg 1622:1623 Mg 1622:1623 Mg 1622:1623 Phytic acid and its colocalized elements K and Mg were not affected by chalkiness. 27166835 10 9 theme colocalized 1595:1605 arg1 K 1616:1616 K 1616:1616 K 1616:1616 Phytic acid and its colocalized elements K and Mg were not affected by chalkiness. 27166835 10 9 theme colocalized 1595:1605 arg1 elements 1607:1614 its colocalized elements 1591:1614 its colocalized elements K and Mg 1591:1623 Phytic acid and its colocalized elements K and Mg were not affected by chalkiness. 27166835 8 10 theme endosperm 1234:1242 arg1 composition 1244:1254 endosperm composition 1234:1254 endosperm composition 1234:1254 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 0 11 theme grains 83:88 arg1 part 61:64 translucent part 49:64 translucent part of japonica rice grains 49:88 Chalky part differs in chemical composition from translucent part of japonica rice grains as revealed by a notched-belly mutant with white-belly. 27166835 13 12 dep Sons 1940:1943 arg1 Ltd 1945:1947 Ltd 1945:1947 Ltd 1945:1947 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 27166835 8 13 theme substantial 1195:1205 arg1 influence 1207:1215 substantial influence 1195:1215 substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition 1195:1254 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 2 14 theme high 280:283 arg1 percentage 285:294 a high percentage 278:294 a high percentage of white-belly 278:309 We identified a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. 27166835 4 15 theme chalkiness 721:730 arg1 effect 711:716 a significant effect 697:716 a significant effect of chalkiness on chemical components in the endosperm 697:770 RESULTS Comparisons showed a significant effect of chalkiness on chemical components in the endosperm. 27166835 12 16 theme © 1847:1847 arg1 2016 1849:1852 © 2016 1847:1852 © 2016 1847:1852 © 2016 The Authors. 27166835 8 17 theme total 1315:1319 arg1 minerals 1398:1405 all the 17 minerals 1387:1405 all the 17 minerals measured 1387:1414 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 17 theme total 1315:1319 arg1 Leu 1360:1362 Leu 1360:1362 Leu 1360:1362 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 17 theme total 1315:1319 arg1 Arg 1350:1352 Arg 1350:1352 Arg 1350:1352 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 17 theme total 1315:1319 arg1 protein 1321:1327 total protein 1315:1327 total protein 1315:1327 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 17 theme total 1315:1319 arg1 Phe 1370:1372 Phe 1370:1372 Phe 1370:1372 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 17 theme total 1315:1319 arg1 His 1355:1357 His 1355:1357 His 1355:1357 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 17 theme total 1315:1319 arg1 acids 1336:1340 amino acids 1330:1340 amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured 1330:1414 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 5 18 theme majority 888:895 arg1 concentration 842:854 higher total starch concentration 822:854 higher total starch concentration 822:854 In general, occurrence of chalkiness resulted in higher total starch concentration and lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured. 27166835 5 18 theme majority 888:895 arg1 concentrations 866:879 lower concentrations 860:879 lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured 860:923 In general, occurrence of chalkiness resulted in higher total starch concentration and lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured. 27166835 8 19 from effect 1305:1310 arg1 minerals 1398:1405 all the 17 minerals 1387:1405 all the 17 minerals measured 1387:1414 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 19 from effect 1305:1310 arg1 Leu 1360:1362 Leu 1360:1362 Leu 1360:1362 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 19 from effect 1305:1310 arg1 Arg 1350:1352 Arg 1350:1352 Arg 1350:1352 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 19 from effect 1305:1310 arg1 protein 1321:1327 total protein 1315:1327 total protein 1315:1327 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 19 from effect 1305:1310 arg1 Phe 1370:1372 Phe 1370:1372 Phe 1370:1372 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 19 from effect 1305:1310 arg1 His 1355:1357 His 1355:1357 His 1355:1357 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 19 from effect 1305:1310 arg1 acids 1336:1340 amino acids 1330:1340 amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured 1330:1414 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 20 located detected 1260:1267 arg1 addition 1185:1192 addition 1185:1192 addition 1185:1192 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 20 located detected 1260:1267 arg2 influence 1207:1215 substantial influence 1195:1215 substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition 1195:1254 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 13 21 theme Science 1882:1888 arg1 Journal 1867:1873 Journal 1867:1873 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 1867:1990 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 27166835 11 22 from role 1803:1806 arg1 formation 1836:1844 chalkiness formation 1825:1844 chalkiness formation 1825:1844 The embryo exerted a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals, suggesting the necessity of examining the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation. 27166835 5 23 theme higher 822:827 arg1 concentration 842:854 higher total starch concentration 822:854 higher total starch concentration 822:854 In general, occurrence of chalkiness resulted in higher total starch concentration and lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured. 27166835 6 24 theme positive 948:955 arg1 effect 957:962 a positive effect 946:962 a positive effect 946:962 Chalkiness also had a positive effect on the concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn, Na, Sr and V, but was negatively correlated with those of B, Ca, Cu, Fe and Ni. 27166835 7 25 theme chalkiness 1117:1126 arg1 effect 1128:1133 no significant chalkiness effect 1102:1133 no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid-P, K, Mg or Zn 1102:1166 By contrast, no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid-P, K, Mg or Zn was observed. 27166835 3 26 from differences 473:483 arg1 composition 497:507 chemical composition 488:507 chemical composition 488:507 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 11 27 theme marked 1679:1684 arg1 influence 1686:1694 a marked influence 1677:1694 a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals 1677:1758 The embryo exerted a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals, suggesting the necessity of examining the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation. 27166835 1 28 theme deleterious 174:184 arg1 influence 186:194 a deleterious influence 172:194 a deleterious influence 172:194 BACKGROUND Chalkiness has a deleterious influence on rice appearance and milling quality. 27166835 0 29 theme Chalky 0:5 arg1 part 7:10 Chalky part 0:10 Chalky part 0:10 Chalky part differs in chemical composition from translucent part of japonica rice grains as revealed by a notched-belly mutant with white-belly. 27166835 6 30 theme As 989:990 arg1 concentrations 971:984 the concentrations 967:984 the concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn, Na, Sr and V 967:1020 Chalkiness also had a positive effect on the concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn, Na, Sr and V, but was negatively correlated with those of B, Ca, Cu, Fe and Ni. 27166835 9 31 theme inverse 1459:1465 arg1 relation 1467:1474 An inverse relation 1456:1474 An inverse relation between starch and protein as well as amino acids 1456:1524 CONCLUSION An inverse relation between starch and protein as well as amino acids was found with respect to chalkiness occurrence. 27166835 8 32 theme embryo 1224:1229 arg1 influence 1207:1215 substantial influence 1195:1215 substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition 1195:1254 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 4 33 theme RESULTS 670:676 arg1 Comparisons 678:688 RESULTS Comparisons 670:688 RESULTS Comparisons 670:688 RESULTS Comparisons showed a significant effect of chalkiness on chemical components in the endosperm. 27166835 5 34 theme total 829:833 arg1 concentration 842:854 higher total starch concentration 822:854 higher total starch concentration 822:854 In general, occurrence of chalkiness resulted in higher total starch concentration and lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured. 27166835 11 35 theme endosperm 1726:1734 arg1 components 1708:1717 chemical components 1699:1717 chemical components 1699:1717 The embryo exerted a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals, suggesting the necessity of examining the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation. 27166835 0 36 theme notched-belly 107:119 arg1 mutant 121:126 a notched-belly mutant 105:126 a notched-belly mutant with white-belly 105:143 Chalky part differs in chemical composition from translucent part of japonica rice grains as revealed by a notched-belly mutant with white-belly. 27166835 4 37 from components 744:753 arg1 endosperm 762:770 the endosperm 758:770 the endosperm 758:770 RESULTS Comparisons showed a significant effect of chalkiness on chemical components in the endosperm. 27166835 2 38 theme white-belly 299:309 arg1 percentage 285:294 a high percentage 278:294 a high percentage of white-belly 278:309 We identified a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. 27166835 11 39 from components 1708:1717 arg1 minerals 1751:1758 particular minerals 1740:1758 particular minerals 1740:1758 The embryo exerted a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals, suggesting the necessity of examining the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation. 27166835 2 40 theme growing 418:424 arg1 conditions 426:435 growing conditions 418:435 growing conditions 418:435 We identified a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. 27166835 2 41 theme conditions 426:435 arg1 influence 382:390 the influence 378:390 the influence of genetic background and growing conditions 378:435 We identified a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. 27166835 11 42 theme embryo 1815:1820 arg1 role 1803:1806 the role 1799:1806 the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation 1799:1844 The embryo exerted a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals, suggesting the necessity of examining the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation. 27166835 3 43 theme protein 648:654 arg1 occurrence 595:604 occurrence 595:604 occurrence of chalkiness 595:618 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 3 43 theme protein 648:654 arg1 accumulation 624:635 accumulation 624:635 accumulation of starch, protein and minerals 624:667 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 4 44 theme significant 699:709 arg1 effect 711:716 a significant effect 697:716 a significant effect of chalkiness on chemical components in the endosperm 697:770 RESULTS Comparisons showed a significant effect of chalkiness on chemical components in the endosperm. 27166835 1 45 theme rice 199:202 arg1 appearance 204:213 rice appearance 199:213 rice appearance 199:213 BACKGROUND Chalkiness has a deleterious influence on rice appearance and milling quality. 27166835 5 46 theme lower 860:864 arg1 concentrations 866:879 lower concentrations 860:879 lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured 860:923 In general, occurrence of chalkiness resulted in higher total starch concentration and lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured. 27166835 12 47 dep Authors 1858:1864 arg1 2016 1849:1852 © 2016 1847:1852 © 2016 1847:1852 © 2016 The Authors. 27166835 6 48 contain had 942:944 arg1 Chalkiness 926:935 Chalkiness 926:935 Chalkiness 926:935 Chalkiness also had a positive effect on the concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn, Na, Sr and V, but was negatively correlated with those of B, Ca, Cu, Fe and Ni. 27166835 6 48 contain had 942:944 arg2 effect 957:962 a positive effect 946:962 a positive effect 946:962 Chalkiness also had a positive effect on the concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn, Na, Sr and V, but was negatively correlated with those of B, Ca, Cu, Fe and Ni. 27166835 2 49 theme background 403:412 arg1 influence 382:390 the influence 378:390 the influence of genetic background and growing conditions 378:435 We identified a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. 27166835 0 50 theme chemical 23:30 arg1 composition 32:42 chemical composition 23:42 chemical composition 23:42 Chalky part differs in chemical composition from translucent part of japonica rice grains as revealed by a notched-belly mutant with white-belly. 27166835 13 51 theme Wiley 1932:1936 arg1 Sons 1940:1943 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1927:1947 John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry 1927:1989 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 27166835 3 52 theme starch 640:645 arg1 occurrence 595:604 occurrence 595:604 occurrence of chalkiness 595:618 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 3 52 theme starch 640:645 arg1 accumulation 624:635 accumulation 624:635 accumulation of starch, protein and minerals 624:667 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 10 53 theme Phytic 1575:1580 arg1 acid 1582:1585 Phytic acid 1575:1585 Phytic acid 1575:1585 Phytic acid and its colocalized elements K and Mg were not affected by chalkiness. 27166835 2 54 theme genetic 395:401 arg1 background 403:412 genetic background 395:412 genetic background 395:412 We identified a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. 27166835 0 55 theme translucent 49:59 arg1 part 61:64 translucent part 49:64 translucent part of japonica rice grains 49:88 Chalky part differs in chemical composition from translucent part of japonica rice grains as revealed by a notched-belly mutant with white-belly. 27166835 13 56 theme & 1938:1938 arg1 Sons 1940:1943 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1927:1947 John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry 1927:1989 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 27166835 5 57 theme starch 835:840 arg1 concentration 842:854 higher total starch concentration 822:854 higher total starch concentration 822:854 In general, occurrence of chalkiness resulted in higher total starch concentration and lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured. 27166835 1 58 contain has 168:170 arg2 influence 186:194 a deleterious influence 172:194 a deleterious influence 172:194 BACKGROUND Chalkiness has a deleterious influence on rice appearance and milling quality. 27166835 1 58 contain has 168:170 arg1 Chalkiness 157:166 BACKGROUND Chalkiness 146:166 BACKGROUND Chalkiness 146:166 BACKGROUND Chalkiness has a deleterious influence on rice appearance and milling quality. 27166835 11 59 theme chemical 1699:1706 arg1 components 1708:1717 chemical components 1699:1717 chemical components 1699:1717 The embryo exerted a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals, suggesting the necessity of examining the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation. 27166835 2 60 theme novel 336:340 arg1 system 353:358 a novel comparison system 334:358 a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions 334:435 We identified a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. 27166835 9 61 dep CONCLUSION 1445:1454 arg1 found 1530:1534 found 1530:1534 was found with respect to chalkiness occurrence 1526:1572 CONCLUSION An inverse relation between starch and protein as well as amino acids was found with respect to chalkiness occurrence. 27166835 2 62 with mutant 266:271 arg1 percentage 285:294 a high percentage 278:294 a high percentage of white-belly 278:309 We identified a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. 27166835 9 63 theme chalkiness 1552:1561 arg1 occurrence 1563:1572 chalkiness occurrence 1552:1572 chalkiness occurrence 1552:1572 CONCLUSION An inverse relation between starch and protein as well as amino acids was found with respect to chalkiness occurrence. 27166835 3 64 theme chemical 488:495 arg1 composition 497:507 chemical composition 488:507 chemical composition 488:507 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 4 65 theme chemical 735:742 arg1 components 744:753 chemical components 735:753 chemical components in the endosperm 735:770 RESULTS Comparisons showed a significant effect of chalkiness on chemical components in the endosperm. 27166835 0 66 with mutant 121:126 arg1 white-belly 133:143 white-belly 133:143 white-belly 133:143 Chalky part differs in chemical composition from translucent part of japonica rice grains as revealed by a notched-belly mutant with white-belly. 27166835 1 67 theme milling 219:225 arg1 quality 227:233 milling quality 219:233 milling quality 219:233 BACKGROUND Chalkiness has a deleterious influence on rice appearance and milling quality. 27166835 11 68 theme chalkiness 1825:1834 arg1 formation 1836:1844 chalkiness formation 1825:1844 chalkiness formation 1825:1844 The embryo exerted a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals, suggesting the necessity of examining the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation. 27166835 3 69 theme minerals 660:667 arg1 occurrence 595:604 occurrence 595:604 occurrence of chalkiness 595:618 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 3 69 theme minerals 660:667 arg1 accumulation 624:635 accumulation 624:635 accumulation of starch, protein and minerals 624:667 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 2 70 theme notched-belly 252:264 arg1 mutant 266:271 a notched-belly mutant 250:271 a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly 250:309 We identified a notched-belly mutant with a high percentage of white-belly, and thereby developed a novel comparison system that can minimize the influence of genetic background and growing conditions. 27166835 11 71 theme particular 1740:1749 arg1 minerals 1751:1758 particular minerals 1740:1758 particular minerals 1740:1758 The embryo exerted a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals, suggesting the necessity of examining the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation. 27166835 8 72 from influence 1207:1215 arg1 composition 1244:1254 endosperm composition 1234:1254 endosperm composition 1234:1254 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 11 73 from influence 1686:1694 arg1 components 1708:1717 chemical components 1699:1717 chemical components 1699:1717 The embryo exerted a marked influence on chemical components of the endosperm, in particular minerals, suggesting the necessity of examining the role of the embryo in chalkiness formation. 27166835 9 74 theme amino 1514:1518 arg1 acids 1520:1524 amino acids 1514:1524 An inverse relation between starch and protein as well as amino acids 1456:1524 CONCLUSION An inverse relation between starch and protein as well as amino acids was found with respect to chalkiness occurrence. 27166835 8 75 theme amino 1330:1334 arg1 minerals 1398:1405 all the 17 minerals 1387:1405 all the 17 minerals measured 1387:1414 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 75 theme amino 1330:1334 arg1 Leu 1360:1362 Leu 1360:1362 Leu 1360:1362 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 75 theme amino 1330:1334 arg1 Arg 1350:1352 Arg 1350:1352 Arg 1350:1352 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 75 theme amino 1330:1334 arg1 protein 1321:1327 total protein 1315:1327 total protein 1315:1327 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 75 theme amino 1330:1334 arg1 Phe 1370:1372 Phe 1370:1372 Phe 1370:1372 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 75 theme amino 1330:1334 arg1 His 1355:1357 His 1355:1357 His 1355:1357 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 8 75 theme amino 1330:1334 arg1 acids 1336:1340 amino acids 1330:1340 amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured 1330:1414 In addition, substantial influence of the embryo on endosperm composition was detected, with the embryo showing a negative effect on total protein, amino acids such as Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe and Tyr, and all the 17 minerals measured, excluding Ca, Cu, P and Sr. 27166835 3 76 theme chalkiness 609:618 arg1 occurrence 595:604 occurrence 595:604 occurrence of chalkiness 595:618 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 3 76 theme chalkiness 609:618 arg1 accumulation 624:635 accumulation 624:635 accumulation of starch, protein and minerals 624:667 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 7 77 theme phytic 1141:1146 arg1 acid-P 1148:1153 phytic acid-P 1141:1153 phytic acid-P 1141:1153 By contrast, no significant chalkiness effect on P, phytic acid-P, K, Mg or Zn was observed. 27166835 13 78 theme Chemical 1973:1980 arg1 Industry 1982:1989 Chemical Industry 1973:1989 Chemical Industry 1973:1989 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 27166835 5 79 theme chalkiness 799:808 arg1 occurrence 785:794 occurrence 785:794 occurrence of chalkiness 785:808 In general, occurrence of chalkiness resulted in higher total starch concentration and lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured. 27166835 3 80 dep chalky 517:522 arg1 endosperm 540:548 endosperm 540:548 endosperm 540:548 Using this mutant, we examined the differences in chemical composition between chalky and translucent endosperm, with the aim of exploring relations between occurrence of chalkiness and accumulation of starch, protein and minerals. 27166835 5 81 theme amino 904:908 arg1 acids 910:914 the amino acids 900:914 the amino acids measured 900:923 In general, occurrence of chalkiness resulted in higher total starch concentration and lower concentrations of the majority of the amino acids measured. 27166835 4 82 from effect 711:716 arg1 components 744:753 chemical components 735:753 chemical components in the endosperm 735:770 RESULTS Comparisons showed a significant effect of chalkiness on chemical components in the endosperm. 27166835 13 83 theme John 1927:1930 arg1 Sons 1940:1943 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1927:1947 John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry 1927:1989 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 26312747 9 0 theme MPLA 1640:1643 arg1 group 1645:1649 the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group 1623:1649 group 1645:1649 Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. 26312747 10 1 theme CD8+ 1832:1835 arg1 cells 1839:1843 Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1795:1843 Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1795:1843 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 0 2 with Particles 50:58 arg1 MPLA 79:82 TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA 65:82 TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA 65:82 A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. 26312747 3 3 theme administration 480:493 arg1 route 463:467 a novel route 455:467 a novel route of vaccine administration 455:493 Using HIV VLPs, we evaluated sub-cheek as a novel route of vaccine administration when combined with other conventional routes of immunization. 26312747 10 4 theme cells 1839:1843 arg1 percentage 1781:1790 an increased percentage 1768:1790 an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1768:1843 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 11 5 theme Th1-oriented 2015:2026 arg1 responses 2048:2056 Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 2002:2056 Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 2002:2056 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 4 6 theme sequences 606:614 arg1 combinations 565:576 five combinations 560:576 five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration 560:694 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 10 7 theme more 1686:1689 arg1 IL-2 1691:1694 IL-2 1691:1694 IL-2 1691:1694 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 11 8 theme strong 1866:1871 arg1 potential 1873:1881 the strong potential 1862:1881 the strong potential of IN+SC 1862:1890 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 8 theme strong 1866:1871 arg1 effectiveness 1942:1954 the effectiveness 1938:1954 the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 1938:2056 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 8 theme strong 1866:1871 arg1 route 1910:1914 an efficacious route 1895:1914 an efficacious route of administration 1895:1932 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 10 9 contain had 1668:1670 arg2 IL-2 1691:1694 IL-2 1691:1694 IL-2 1691:1694 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 10 9 contain had 1668:1670 arg1 mice 1658:1661 These mice 1652:1661 These mice 1652:1661 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 10 9 contain had 1668:1670 arg2 IL-4 1705:1708 less IL-4 1700:1708 less IL-4 1700:1708 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 10 10 theme CD8+ 1723:1726 arg1 cells 1730:1734 Env-specific CD8+ T cells 1710:1734 Env-specific CD8+ T cells 1710:1734 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 3 11 theme other 514:518 arg1 routes 533:538 other conventional routes 514:538 other conventional routes of immunization 514:554 Using HIV VLPs, we evaluated sub-cheek as a novel route of vaccine administration when combined with other conventional routes of immunization. 26312747 6 12 theme immune 1194:1199 arg1 response 1201:1208 immune response 1194:1208 immune response in C57BL/6 mice 1194:1224 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 6 13 theme IgG2c 1121:1125 arg1 concentrations 1090:1103 the highest concentrations 1078:1103 the highest concentrations 1078:1103 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 11 14 theme immune 2041:2046 arg1 responses 2048:2056 Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 2002:2056 Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 2002:2056 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 6 15 dep μg/dose 1061:1067 arg1 25 1058:1059 25 1058:1059 25 1058:1059 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 6 15 dep μg/dose 1061:1067 arg1 12.5 1050:1053 12.5 1050:1053 12.5 1050:1053 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 3 16 theme immunization 543:554 arg1 routes 533:538 other conventional routes 514:538 other conventional routes of immunization 514:554 Using HIV VLPs, we evaluated sub-cheek as a novel route of vaccine administration when combined with other conventional routes of immunization. 26312747 1 17 theme envelope 183:190 arg1 protein 192:198 the HIV envelope protein 175:198 the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation 175:225 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. 26312747 6 18 from type 1186:1189 arg1 mice 1221:1224 C57BL/6 mice 1213:1224 C57BL/6 mice 1213:1224 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 6 19 theme highest 1082:1088 arg1 concentrations 1090:1103 the highest concentrations 1078:1103 the highest concentrations 1078:1103 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 5 20 theme VesiVax 862:868 arg1 Conjugatable 870:881 the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) 849:944 Conjugatable 870:881 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 9 21 theme center 1540:1545 arg1 cells 1549:1553 germinal center B cells 1531:1553 germinal center B cells 1531:1553 Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. 26312747 8 22 contain had 1375:1377 arg1 MPLA 1370:1373 MPLA 1370:1373 MPLA 1370:1373 In contrast to IgG2c, MPLA had minor effects on Env-specific IgG1; therefore, 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA induced the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3. 26312747 8 22 contain had 1375:1377 arg2 effects 1385:1391 minor effects 1379:1391 minor effects 1379:1391 In contrast to IgG2c, MPLA had minor effects on Env-specific IgG1; therefore, 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA induced the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3. 26312747 4 23 theme sub-cheek 632:640 arg1 routes 671:676 sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes 632:676 sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration 632:694 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 0 24 theme Virus-Like 39:48 arg1 Particles 50:58 HIV Virus-Like Particles 35:58 HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA 35:82 A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. 26312747 5 25 theme IN+SC 825:829 arg1 regimen 831:837 the IN+SC regimen 821:837 the IN+SC regimen 821:837 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 9 26 theme cells 1549:1553 arg1 percentage 1517:1526 the percentage 1513:1526 the percentage of germinal center B cells 1513:1553 Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. 26312747 4 27 theme intranasal 643:652 arg1 routes 671:676 sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes 632:676 sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration 632:694 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 10 28 theme Env-specific 1795:1806 arg1 cells 1839:1843 Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1795:1843 Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1795:1843 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 1 29 theme virus-like 139:148 arg1 VLPs 161:164 VLPs 161:164 VLPs 161:164 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. 26312747 1 29 theme virus-like 139:148 arg1 particles 150:158 HIV virus-like particles 135:158 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) 135:165 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. 26312747 0 30 theme Adjuvant 70:77 arg1 MPLA 79:82 TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA 65:82 TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA 65:82 A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. 26312747 5 31 dep tested 842:847 arg1 Using 815:819 Using 815:819 Using the IN+SC regimen 815:837 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 5 32 theme μg/dose 993:999 arg1 concentrations 954:967 MPLA concentrations 949:967 MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs 949:1028 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 11 33 theme efficacious 1898:1908 arg1 potential 1873:1881 the strong potential 1862:1881 the strong potential of IN+SC 1862:1890 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 33 theme efficacious 1898:1908 arg1 route 1910:1914 an efficacious route 1895:1914 an efficacious route of administration 1895:1932 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 34 theme VLPs 1959:1962 arg1 potential 1873:1881 the strong potential 1862:1881 the strong potential of IN+SC 1862:1890 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 34 theme VLPs 1959:1962 arg1 effectiveness 1942:1954 the effectiveness 1938:1954 the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 1938:2056 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 34 theme VLPs 1959:1962 arg1 route 1910:1914 an efficacious route 1895:1914 an efficacious route of administration 1895:1932 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 4 35 theme administration 681:694 arg1 routes 671:676 sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes 632:676 sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration 632:694 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 1 36 theme ideal 241:245 arg1 antigen 255:261 an ideal vaccine antigen 238:261 an ideal vaccine antigen 238:261 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. 26312747 5 37 theme Adjuvant 883:890 arg1 CALV 908:911 CALV 908:911 CALV 908:911 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 5 37 theme Adjuvant 883:890 arg1 Vesicles 898:905 Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles 883:905 Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) 883:912 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 9 38 theme control 1597:1603 arg1 group 1605:1609 the control group 1593:1609 the control group 1593:1609 Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. 26312747 6 39 from response 1201:1208 arg1 mice 1221:1224 C57BL/6 mice 1213:1224 C57BL/6 mice 1213:1224 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 10 40 dep IL-2 1691:1694 arg1 cells 1730:1734 Env-specific CD8+ T cells 1710:1734 Env-specific CD8+ T cells 1710:1734 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 8 41 theme minor 1379:1383 arg1 effects 1385:1391 minor effects 1379:1391 minor effects 1379:1391 In contrast to IgG2c, MPLA had minor effects on Env-specific IgG1; therefore, 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA induced the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3. 26312747 4 42 theme HIV-specific 766:777 arg1 titers 783:788 the highest HIV-specific IgG titers 754:788 the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested 754:812 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 2 43 theme vaccine 305:311 arg1 immunogenicity 279:292 the immunogenicity 275:292 the immunogenicity of the VLP vaccine 275:311 To enhance the immunogenicity of the VLP vaccine, we sought to improve upon two components; the route of administration and the additional adjuvant. 26312747 5 44 theme MPLA 949:952 arg1 concentrations 954:967 MPLA concentrations 949:967 MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs 949:1028 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 11 45 dep adjuvant 1983:1990 arg1 MPLA 1978:1981 MPLA adjuvant 1978:1990 MPLA adjuvant 1978:1990 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 5 46 theme lipid 931:935 arg1 A 937:937 monophosphoryl lipid A 916:937 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) 916:944 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 5 46 theme lipid 931:935 arg1 MPLA 940:943 MPLA 940:943 MPLA 940:943 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 4 47 dep sub-cheek 718:726 arg1 boost 728:732 boost 728:732 boost 728:732 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 2 48 dep components 344:353 arg1 route 360:364 the route 356:364 the route of administration 356:382 To enhance the immunogenicity of the VLP vaccine, we sought to improve upon two components; the route of administration and the additional adjuvant. 26312747 2 48 dep components 344:353 arg1 adjuvant 403:410 adjuvant 403:410 adjuvant 403:410 To enhance the immunogenicity of the VLP vaccine, we sought to improve upon two components; the route of administration and the additional adjuvant. 26312747 5 49 from combination 1004:1014 arg1 concentrations 954:967 MPLA concentrations 949:967 MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs 949:1028 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 9 50 from % 1618:1618 arg1 group 1645:1649 the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group 1623:1649 group 1645:1649 Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. 26312747 9 50 from % 1618:1618 arg1 CALV 1627:1630 the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group 1623:1649 CALV 1627:1630 Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. 26312747 9 51 theme μg 1637:1638 arg1 group 1645:1649 the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group 1623:1649 group 1645:1649 Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. 26312747 6 52 contain had 1074:1076 arg1 Mice 1031:1034 Mice 1031:1034 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA 1031:1072 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 6 52 contain had 1074:1076 arg2 concentrations 1090:1103 the highest concentrations 1078:1103 the highest concentrations 1078:1103 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 5 53 from concentrations 954:967 arg1 combination 1004:1014 combination 1004:1014 combination with our VLPs 1004:1028 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 8 54 theme optimal 1466:1472 arg1 ratio 1485:1489 the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio 1462:1489 the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3 1462:1496 In contrast to IgG2c, MPLA had minor effects on Env-specific IgG1; therefore, 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA induced the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3. 26312747 10 55 theme T 1837:1837 arg1 cells 1839:1843 Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1795:1843 Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1795:1843 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 3 56 theme vaccine 472:478 arg1 administration 480:493 vaccine administration 472:493 vaccine administration 472:493 Using HIV VLPs, we evaluated sub-cheek as a novel route of vaccine administration when combined with other conventional routes of immunization. 26312747 7 57 theme adjuvant 1294:1301 arg1 MPLA 1289:1292 μg MPLA adjuvant 1286:1301 0 or 7.5 μg MPLA adjuvant (6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml of IgG2c respectively) 1277:1345 This was in sharp contrast to mice which received 0 or 7.5 μg MPLA adjuvant (6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml of IgG2c respectively). 26312747 5 58 dep Conjugatable 870:881 arg1 CALV 908:911 CALV 908:911 CALV 908:911 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 5 58 dep Conjugatable 870:881 arg1 Vesicles 898:905 Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles 883:905 Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) 883:912 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 11 59 theme specific 2006:2013 arg1 responses 2048:2056 Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 2002:2056 Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 2002:2056 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 60 theme Env 2002:2004 arg1 responses 2048:2056 Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 2002:2056 Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 2002:2056 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 8 61 theme 1.3 1494:1496 arg1 ratio 1485:1489 the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio 1462:1489 the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3 1462:1496 In contrast to IgG2c, MPLA had minor effects on Env-specific IgG1; therefore, 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA induced the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3. 26312747 4 62 theme IgG 779:781 arg1 titers 783:788 the highest HIV-specific IgG titers 754:788 the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested 754:812 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 10 63 theme Env-specific 1710:1721 arg1 cells 1730:1734 Env-specific CD8+ T cells 1710:1734 Env-specific CD8+ T cells 1710:1734 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 0 64 theme Immune 105:110 arg1 Responses 112:120 Th1 Oriented Immune Responses 92:120 Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV 92:132 A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. 26312747 11 65 theme HIV-specific 2028:2039 arg1 responses 2048:2056 Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 2002:2056 Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 2002:2056 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 1 66 theme HIV 179:181 arg1 protein 192:198 the HIV envelope protein 175:198 the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation 175:225 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. 26312747 7 67 theme sharp 1239:1243 arg1 contrast 1245:1252 sharp contrast 1239:1252 sharp contrast to mice which received 0 or 7.5 μg MPLA adjuvant (6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml of IgG2c respectively) 1239:1345 This was in sharp contrast to mice which received 0 or 7.5 μg MPLA adjuvant (6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml of IgG2c respectively). 26312747 4 68 theme prime 590:594 arg1 combinations 565:576 five combinations 560:576 five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration 560:694 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 6 69 theme Th1 1182:1184 arg1 type 1186:1189 a Th1 type 1180:1189 a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice 1180:1224 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 3 70 theme conventional 520:531 arg1 routes 533:538 other conventional routes 514:538 other conventional routes of immunization 514:554 Using HIV VLPs, we evaluated sub-cheek as a novel route of vaccine administration when combined with other conventional routes of immunization. 26312747 6 71 theme response 1201:1208 arg1 type 1186:1189 a Th1 type 1180:1189 a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice 1180:1224 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 6 72 dep MPLA 1069:1072 arg1 μg/dose 1061:1067 μg/dose 1061:1067 μg/dose 1061:1067 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 10 73 theme T 1728:1728 arg1 cells 1730:1734 Env-specific CD8+ T cells 1710:1734 Env-specific CD8+ T cells 1710:1734 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 1 74 from protein 192:198 arg1 conformation 214:225 its native conformation 203:225 its native conformation 203:225 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. 26312747 5 75 theme adjuvant 853:860 arg1 Conjugatable 870:881 the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) 849:944 Conjugatable 870:881 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 9 76 theme germinal 1531:1538 arg1 cells 1549:1553 germinal center B cells 1531:1553 germinal center B cells 1531:1553 Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. 26312747 4 77 theme intradermal 659:669 arg1 routes 671:676 sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes 632:676 sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration 632:694 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 0 78 theme Particles 50:58 arg1 Prime 8:12 Prime 8:12 Prime 8:12 A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. 26312747 9 79 theme B 1547:1547 arg1 cells 1549:1553 germinal center B cells 1531:1553 germinal center B cells 1531:1553 Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. 26312747 6 80 dep concentrations 1090:1103 arg1 μg/ml 1142:1146 20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml 1128:1146 20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively 1128:1159 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 0 81 theme TLR4 65:68 arg1 MPLA 79:82 TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA 65:82 TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA 65:82 A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. 26312747 1 82 theme HIV 135:137 arg1 VLPs 161:164 VLPs 161:164 VLPs 161:164 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. 26312747 1 82 theme HIV 135:137 arg1 particles 150:158 HIV virus-like particles 135:158 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) 135:165 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. 26312747 0 83 theme Oriented 96:103 arg1 Responses 112:120 Th1 Oriented Immune Responses 92:120 Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV 92:132 A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. 26312747 5 84 with combination 1004:1014 arg1 VLPs 1025:1028 our VLPs 1021:1028 our VLPs 1021:1028 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 10 85 theme increased 1771:1779 arg1 percentage 1781:1790 an increased percentage 1768:1790 an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1768:1843 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 0 86 theme Th1 92:94 arg1 Responses 112:120 Th1 Oriented Immune Responses 92:120 Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV 92:132 A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. 26312747 11 87 theme IN+SC 1886:1890 arg1 potential 1873:1881 the strong potential 1862:1881 the strong potential of IN+SC 1862:1890 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 87 theme IN+SC 1886:1890 arg1 effectiveness 1942:1954 the effectiveness 1938:1954 the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 1938:2056 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 87 theme IN+SC 1886:1890 arg1 route 1910:1914 an efficacious route 1895:1914 an efficacious route of administration 1895:1932 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 6 88 theme C57BL/6 1213:1219 arg1 mice 1221:1224 C57BL/6 mice 1213:1224 C57BL/6 mice 1213:1224 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 5 89 from μg/dose 993:999 arg1 combination 1004:1014 combination 1004:1014 combination with our VLPs 1004:1028 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 6 90 from mice 1221:1224 arg1 type 1186:1189 a Th1 type 1180:1189 a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice 1180:1224 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 1 91 theme vaccine 247:253 arg1 antigen 255:261 an ideal vaccine antigen 238:261 an ideal vaccine antigen 238:261 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. 26312747 5 92 theme Lipid 892:896 arg1 CALV 908:911 CALV 908:911 CALV 908:911 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 5 92 theme Lipid 892:896 arg1 Vesicles 898:905 Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles 883:905 Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) 883:912 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 2 93 theme administration 369:382 arg1 route 360:364 the route 356:364 the route of administration 356:382 To enhance the immunogenicity of the VLP vaccine, we sought to improve upon two components; the route of administration and the additional adjuvant. 26312747 3 94 theme HIV 419:421 arg1 VLPs 423:426 HIV VLPs 419:426 HIV VLPs 419:426 Using HIV VLPs, we evaluated sub-cheek as a novel route of vaccine administration when combined with other conventional routes of immunization. 26312747 9 95 from % 1588:1588 arg1 group 1605:1609 the control group 1593:1609 the control group 1593:1609 Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. 26312747 0 96 theme HIV 35:37 arg1 Particles 50:58 HIV Virus-Like Particles 35:58 HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA 35:82 A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. 26312747 7 97 dep MPLA 1289:1292 arg1 μg/ml 1318:1322 6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml 1304:1322 6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml of IgG2c respectively 1304:1344 This was in sharp contrast to mice which received 0 or 7.5 μg MPLA adjuvant (6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml of IgG2c respectively). 26312747 0 98 dep Regimen 24:30 arg1 Boost 18:22 Boost 18:22 Boost 18:22 A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. 26312747 11 99 theme administration 1919:1932 arg1 potential 1873:1881 the strong potential 1862:1881 the strong potential of IN+SC 1862:1890 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 99 theme administration 1919:1932 arg1 effectiveness 1942:1954 the effectiveness 1938:1954 the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses 1938:2056 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 11 99 theme administration 1919:1932 arg1 route 1910:1914 an efficacious route 1895:1914 an efficacious route of administration 1895:1932 Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses. 26312747 8 100 theme Env-specific 1396:1407 arg1 IgG1 1409:1412 Env-specific IgG1 1396:1412 Env-specific IgG1 1396:1412 In contrast to IgG2c, MPLA had minor effects on Env-specific IgG1; therefore, 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA induced the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3. 26312747 4 101 theme highest 758:764 arg1 titers 783:788 the highest HIV-specific IgG titers 754:788 the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested 754:812 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 2 102 theme VLP 301:303 arg1 vaccine 305:311 the VLP vaccine 297:311 the VLP vaccine 297:311 To enhance the immunogenicity of the VLP vaccine, we sought to improve upon two components; the route of administration and the additional adjuvant. 26312747 8 103 theme MPLA 1449:1452 arg1 μg/dose 1438:1444 12.5 and 25 μg/dose 1426:1444 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA 1426:1452 In contrast to IgG2c, MPLA had minor effects on Env-specific IgG1; therefore, 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA induced the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3. 26312747 5 104 theme monophosphoryl 916:929 arg1 A 937:937 monophosphoryl lipid A 916:937 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) 916:944 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 5 104 theme monophosphoryl 916:929 arg1 MPLA 940:943 MPLA 940:943 MPLA 940:943 Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. 26312747 6 105 theme Env-specific 1108:1119 arg1 IgG2c 1121:1125 Env-specific IgG2c 1108:1125 Env-specific IgG2c 1108:1125 Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. 26312747 10 106 theme CD4+ 1823:1826 arg1 cells 1839:1843 Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1795:1843 Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 1795:1843 These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. 26312747 7 107 theme IgG2c 1327:1331 arg1 μg/ml 1318:1322 6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml 1304:1322 6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml of IgG2c respectively 1304:1344 This was in sharp contrast to mice which received 0 or 7.5 μg MPLA adjuvant (6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml of IgG2c respectively). 26312747 4 108 dep sequences 606:614 arg1 boost 600:604 boost 600:604 boost 600:604 Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. 26312747 3 109 theme novel 457:461 arg1 route 463:467 a novel route 455:467 a novel route of vaccine administration 455:493 Using HIV VLPs, we evaluated sub-cheek as a novel route of vaccine administration when combined with other conventional routes of immunization. 26312747 8 110 theme IgG1/IgG2c 1474:1483 arg1 ratio 1485:1489 the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio 1462:1489 the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3 1462:1496 In contrast to IgG2c, MPLA had minor effects on Env-specific IgG1; therefore, 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA induced the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3. 26312747 1 111 theme native 207:212 arg1 conformation 214:225 its native conformation 203:225 its native conformation 203:225 HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. 25641259 2 0 theme matrix 447:452 arg1 homeostasis 454:464 matrix homeostasis 447:464 matrix homeostasis 447:464 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 7 1 from incidence 1564:1572 arg1 T2D 1595:1597 T2D 1595:1597 T2D 1595:1597 Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. 25641259 7 2 theme pathology 1582:1590 arg1 incidence 1564:1572 the greater incidence 1552:1572 the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D 1552:1597 Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. 25641259 4 3 theme endplate 867:874 arg1 porosity 876:883 decreased endplate porosity 857:883 decreased endplate porosity 857:883 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 6 4 theme receptors 1364:1372 arg1 RAGE 1375:1378 RAGE 1375:1378 RAGE 1375:1378 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 6 4 theme receptors 1364:1372 arg1 one 1351:1353 one 1351:1353 one 1351:1353 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 6 4 theme receptors 1364:1372 arg1 receptors 1364:1372 their receptors 1358:1372 their receptors (RAGE) 1358:1379 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 1 5 theme discogenic 223:232 arg1 pain 243:246 discogenic low back pain 223:246 discogenic low back pain 223:246 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. 25641259 0 6 theme UCD-T2DM 101:108 arg1 model 114:118 the UCD-T2DM rat model 97:118 the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes 97:137 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 0 7 from Alterations 0:10 arg1 behavior 85:92 biomechanical behavior 71:92 biomechanical behavior 71:92 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 0 7 from Alterations 0:10 arg1 homeostasis 55:65 matrix homeostasis 48:65 matrix homeostasis 48:65 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 0 7 from Alterations 0:10 arg1 composition 35:45 intervertebral disc composition 15:45 intervertebral disc composition 15:45 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 0 7 from Alterations 0:10 arg1 model 114:118 the UCD-T2DM rat model 97:118 the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes 97:137 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 6 8 theme increased 1282:1290 arg1 stress 1302:1307 increased oxidative stress 1282:1307 increased oxidative stress 1282:1307 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 4 9 theme vertebral 824:832 arg1 thickness 843:851 increased vertebral endplate thickness 814:851 increased vertebral endplate thickness 814:851 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 4 10 theme water 751:755 arg1 contents 757:764 disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents 724:764 contents 757:764 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 1 11 theme low 234:236 arg1 pain 243:246 discogenic low back pain 223:246 discogenic low back pain 223:246 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. 25641259 2 12 theme behavior 485:492 arg1 aspects 418:424 several aspects 410:424 several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior 410:492 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 6 13 theme matrix 1152:1157 arg1 level 1159:1163 the matrix level 1148:1163 the matrix level 1148:1163 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 6 14 from rats 1262:1265 arg1 expression 1175:1184 elevated expression 1166:1184 elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats 1166:1265 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 6 14 from rats 1262:1265 arg1 discs 1242:1246 the discs 1238:1246 the discs from diabetic rats 1238:1265 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 2 15 theme biomechanical 471:483 arg1 behavior 485:492 biomechanical behavior 471:492 biomechanical behavior 471:492 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 7 16 theme disc 1577:1580 arg1 pathology 1582:1590 disc pathology 1577:1590 disc pathology 1577:1590 Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. 25641259 3 17 theme Coccygeal 495:503 arg1 segments 512:519 Coccygeal motion segments 495:519 Coccygeal motion segments 495:519 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 25641259 2 18 theme obese 358:362 arg1 T2D 364:366 polygenic obese T2D 348:366 polygenic obese T2D 348:366 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 0 19 theme rat 110:112 arg1 model 114:118 the UCD-T2DM rat model 97:118 the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes 97:137 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 7 20 theme increased 1447:1455 arg1 stress 1467:1472 increased oxidative stress 1447:1472 increased oxidative stress 1447:1472 Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. 25641259 4 21 theme endplate 834:841 arg1 thickness 843:851 increased vertebral endplate thickness 814:851 increased vertebral endplate thickness 814:851 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 3 22 theme motion 505:510 arg1 segments 512:519 Coccygeal motion segments 495:519 Coccygeal motion segments 495:519 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 25641259 2 23 theme polygenic 348:356 arg1 T2D 364:366 polygenic obese T2D 348:366 polygenic obese T2D 348:366 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 2 24 theme several 410:416 arg1 aspects 418:424 several aspects 410:424 several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior 410:492 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 7 25 theme oxidative 1457:1465 arg1 stress 1467:1472 increased oxidative stress 1447:1472 increased oxidative stress 1447:1472 Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. 25641259 4 26 theme decreased 857:865 arg1 porosity 876:883 decreased endplate porosity 857:883 decreased endplate porosity 857:883 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 3 27 theme 6-month-old 541:551 arg1 rats 573:576 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats 541:576 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats 541:576 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 25641259 6 28 from expression 1175:1184 arg1 rats 1262:1265 diabetic rats 1253:1265 diabetic rats 1253:1265 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 6 28 from expression 1175:1184 arg1 discs 1242:1246 the discs 1238:1246 the discs from diabetic rats 1238:1265 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 4 29 theme end-product 935:945 arg1 pentosidine 953:963 the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine 912:963 the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine 912:963 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 1 30 theme pain 243:246 arg1 incidence 210:218 the greater incidence 198:218 the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients 198:270 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. 25641259 3 31 theme lean 553:556 arg1 rats 573:576 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats 541:576 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats 541:576 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 25641259 6 32 theme oxidative 1292:1300 arg1 stress 1302:1307 increased oxidative stress 1282:1307 increased oxidative stress 1282:1307 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 0 33 theme disc 30:33 arg1 composition 35:45 intervertebral disc composition 15:45 intervertebral disc composition 15:45 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 6 34 theme genes 1207:1211 arg1 expression 1175:1184 elevated expression 1166:1184 elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats 1166:1265 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 0 35 theme type 123:126 arg1 diabetes 130:137 type 2 diabetes 123:137 type 2 diabetes 123:137 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 5 36 theme higher 1046:1051 arg1 levels 1057:1062 their higher AGE levels 1040:1062 their higher AGE levels 1040:1062 Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. 25641259 0 37 theme intervertebral 15:28 arg1 composition 35:45 intervertebral disc composition 15:45 intervertebral disc composition 15:45 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 1 38 theme diabetic 254:261 arg1 patients 263:270 diabetic patients 254:270 diabetic patients 254:270 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. 25641259 6 39 theme elevated 1166:1173 arg1 expression 1175:1184 elevated expression 1166:1184 elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats 1166:1265 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 3 40 theme UCD-T2DM 625:632 arg1 rats 634:637 diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats 610:637 diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days) 610:664 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 25641259 4 41 theme disc 724:727 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 729:745 disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents 724:764 glycosaminoglycan 729:745 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 1 42 theme many 180:183 arg1 tissues 185:191 many tissues 180:191 many tissues 180:191 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. 25641259 2 43 theme composition 434:444 arg1 aspects 418:424 several aspects 410:424 several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior 410:492 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 5 44 theme water 1021:1025 arg1 contents 1027:1034 their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents 982:1034 contents 1027:1034 Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. 25641259 0 45 theme diabetes 130:137 arg1 model 114:118 the UCD-T2DM rat model 97:118 the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes 97:137 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 5 46 theme diabetic 1076:1083 arg1 rats 1085:1088 diabetic rats 1076:1088 diabetic rats 1076:1088 Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. 25641259 6 47 theme hypoxia-inducible 1189:1205 arg1 genes 1207:1211 hypoxia-inducible genes 1189:1211 hypoxia-inducible genes 1189:1211 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 2 48 theme disc 429:432 arg1 composition 434:444 disc composition 429:444 disc composition 429:444 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 4 49 theme glycation 925:933 arg1 pentosidine 953:963 the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine 912:963 the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine 912:963 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 3 50 theme diabetic 610:617 arg1 rats 634:637 diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats 610:637 diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days) 610:664 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 25641259 3 51 theme obese 579:583 arg1 rats 600:603 obese Sprague-Dawley rats 579:603 obese Sprague-Dawley rats 579:603 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 25641259 5 52 with Consistent 966:975 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 999:1015 their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents 982:1034 glycosaminoglycan 999:1015 Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. 25641259 5 52 with Consistent 966:975 arg1 contents 1027:1034 their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents 982:1034 contents 1027:1034 Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. 25641259 5 52 with Consistent 966:975 arg1 levels 1057:1062 their higher AGE levels 1040:1062 their higher AGE levels 1040:1062 Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. 25641259 2 53 theme T2D 364:366 arg1 model 339:343 a rat model 333:343 a rat model of polygenic obese T2D 333:366 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 4 54 theme AGE 948:950 arg1 pentosidine 953:963 the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine 912:963 the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine 912:963 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 4 55 theme higher 895:900 arg1 levels 902:907 higher levels 895:907 higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine 895:963 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 3 56 theme obese 619:623 arg1 rats 634:637 diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats 610:637 diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days) 610:664 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 25641259 3 57 theme Sprague-Dawley 558:571 arg1 rats 573:576 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats 541:576 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats 541:576 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 25641259 0 58 theme matrix 48:53 arg1 homeostasis 55:65 matrix homeostasis 48:65 matrix homeostasis 48:65 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 4 59 theme advanced 916:923 arg1 pentosidine 953:963 the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine 912:963 the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine 912:963 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 5 60 theme AGE 1053:1055 arg1 levels 1057:1062 their higher AGE levels 1040:1062 their higher AGE levels 1040:1062 Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. 25641259 4 61 theme increased 814:822 arg1 thickness 843:851 increased vertebral endplate thickness 814:851 increased vertebral endplate thickness 814:851 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 4 62 theme pentosidine 953:963 arg1 levels 902:907 higher levels 895:907 higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine 895:963 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 1 63 theme intervertebral 290:303 arg1 disc 305:308 the intervertebral disc 286:308 the intervertebral disc 286:308 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. 25641259 6 64 theme greater 1313:1319 arg1 interactions 1321:1332 greater interactions 1313:1332 greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE) 1313:1379 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 6 65 theme catabolic 1217:1225 arg1 markers 1227:1233 catabolic markers 1217:1233 catabolic markers 1217:1233 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 5 66 theme diminished 988:997 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 999:1015 their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents 982:1034 glycosaminoglycan 999:1015 Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. 25641259 6 67 theme diabetic 1253:1260 arg1 rats 1262:1265 diabetic rats 1253:1265 diabetic rats 1253:1265 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 7 68 theme greater 1556:1562 arg1 incidence 1564:1572 the greater incidence 1552:1572 the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D 1552:1597 Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. 25641259 7 69 theme endplate 1427:1434 arg1 sclerosis 1436:1444 endplate sclerosis 1427:1444 endplate sclerosis 1427:1444 Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. 25641259 5 70 from rats 1085:1088 arg1 discs 1065:1069 discs 1065:1069 discs from diabetic rats 1065:1088 Consistent with their diminished glycosaminoglycan and water contents and their higher AGE levels, discs from diabetic rats were stiffer and exhibited less creep when compressed. 25641259 0 71 theme biomechanical 71:83 arg1 behavior 85:92 biomechanical behavior 71:92 biomechanical behavior 71:92 Alterations in intervertebral disc composition, matrix homeostasis and biomechanical behavior in the UCD-T2DM rat model of type 2 diabetes. 25641259 7 72 theme important 1519:1527 arg1 factors 1529:1535 important factors 1519:1535 important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D 1519:1597 Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. 25641259 3 73 theme Sprague-Dawley 585:598 arg1 rats 600:603 obese Sprague-Dawley rats 579:603 obese Sprague-Dawley rats 579:603 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 25641259 2 74 theme rat 335:337 arg1 model 339:343 a rat model 333:343 a rat model of polygenic obese T2D 333:366 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 7 75 theme AGE/RAGE-mediated 1479:1495 arg1 interactions 1497:1508 AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions 1479:1508 AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions 1479:1508 Taken together, these findings indicate that endplate sclerosis, increased oxidative stress, and AGE/RAGE-mediated interactions could be important factors for explaining the greater incidence of disc pathology in T2D. 25641259 1 76 theme greater 202:208 arg1 incidence 210:218 the greater incidence 198:218 the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients 198:270 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. 25641259 2 77 theme homeostasis 454:464 arg1 aspects 418:424 several aspects 410:424 several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior 410:492 Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes compromises several aspects of disc composition, matrix homeostasis, and biomechanical behavior. 25641259 4 78 theme degenerative 777:788 arg1 changes 790:796 these degenerative changes 771:796 these degenerative changes 771:796 Findings indicated that diabetes but not obesity reduced disc glycosaminoglycan and water contents, and these degenerative changes correlated with increased vertebral endplate thickness and decreased endplate porosity, and with higher levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pentosidine. 25641259 6 79 theme markers 1227:1233 arg1 expression 1175:1184 elevated expression 1166:1184 elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats 1166:1265 At the matrix level, elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible genes and catabolic markers in the discs from diabetic rats coincided with increased oxidative stress and greater interactions between AGEs and one of their receptors (RAGE). 25641259 1 80 theme Type 140:143 arg1 T2D 157:159 T2D 157:159 T2D 157:159 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. 25641259 1 80 theme Type 140:143 arg1 diabetes 147:154 Type 2 diabetes 140:154 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) 140:160 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects many tissues, and the greater incidence of discogenic low back pain among diabetic patients suggests that the intervertebral disc is affected too. 25641259 3 81 dep rats 634:637 arg1 diabetic 640:647 diabetic 640:647 diabetic 640:647 Coccygeal motion segments were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days). 23775622 10 0 theme content 1323:1329 arg1 elevation 1293:1301 subsequent elevation 1282:1301 subsequent elevation of resistant starch content 1282:1329 Induction of sprout metabolism caused a decrease of bioavailable starch and subsequent elevation of resistant starch content. 23775622 10 0 theme content 1323:1329 arg1 decrease 1246:1253 a decrease 1244:1253 a decrease of bioavailable starch 1244:1276 Induction of sprout metabolism caused a decrease of bioavailable starch and subsequent elevation of resistant starch content. 23775622 11 1 theme high 1393:1396 arg1 content 1398:1404 high content 1393:1404 high content of resistant starch 1393:1424 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 6 2 theme 4-day-old 756:764 arg1 sprouts 766:772 4-day-old sprouts 756:772 4-day-old sprouts 756:772 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 11 3 dep CONCLUSION 1332:1341 arg1 potential 1382:1390 The significantly elevated antioxidant potential 1343:1390 The significantly elevated antioxidant potential 1343:1390 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 10 4 theme resistant 1306:1314 arg1 content 1323:1329 resistant starch content 1306:1329 resistant starch content 1306:1329 Induction of sprout metabolism caused a decrease of bioavailable starch and subsequent elevation of resistant starch content. 23775622 3 5 theme Sprouts 334:340 arg1 metabolism 342:351 Sprouts metabolism 334:351 Sprouts metabolism 334:351 Sprouts metabolism was elicited with 20 mmol L⁻¹ and 200 mmol L⁻¹ H₂O₂. 23775622 6 6 theme -catechin 857:865 arg1 contents 867:874 caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents 706:874 caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts 706:896 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 1 7 theme lentil 152:157 arg1 sprouts 159:165 lentil sprouts 152:165 lentil sprouts 152:165 BACKGROUND The use of lentil sprouts as bioreactors for obtaining low-processed food with modified composition and biological activity was studied. 23775622 3 8 theme 20 371:372 arg1 mmol 374:377 mmol 374:377 mmol 374:377 Sprouts metabolism was elicited with 20 mmol L⁻¹ and 200 mmol L⁻¹ H₂O₂. 23775622 0 9 from Influence 0:8 arg1 potential 69:77 antioxidant potential 57:77 antioxidant potential 57:77 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 0 9 from Influence 0:8 arg1 quality 95:101 nutritional quality 83:101 nutritional quality 83:101 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 0 9 from Influence 0:8 arg1 content 48:54 phenolics content 38:54 phenolics content 38:54 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 6 10 theme control 651:657 arg1 conditions 659:668 control conditions 651:668 control conditions 651:668 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 0 11 theme nutritional 83:93 arg1 quality 95:101 nutritional quality 83:101 nutritional quality 83:101 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 8 12 theme 6-day-old 1049:1057 arg1 sprouts 1059:1065 6-day-old sprouts 1049:1065 6-day-old sprouts 1049:1065 The antioxidant potential was the most effectively elevated in 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 1 13 dep BACKGROUND 130:139 arg1 studied 269:275 studied 269:275 was studied 265:275 BACKGROUND The use of lentil sprouts as bioreactors for obtaining low-processed food with modified composition and biological activity was studied. 23775622 11 14 theme products 1560:1567 arg1 production 1530:1539 the production 1526:1539 the production of functional food products with particular characteristics 1526:1599 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 6 15 dep comparison 637:646 arg1 both 670:673 both 670:673 both 670:673 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 11 16 theme starch 1419:1424 arg1 content 1398:1404 high content 1393:1404 high content of resistant starch 1393:1424 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 11 16 theme starch 1419:1424 arg1 bioaccessibility 1441:1456 low starch bioaccessibility 1430:1456 low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ 1430:1486 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 11 16 theme starch 1419:1424 arg1 CONCLUSION 1332:1341 CONCLUSION 1332:1341 CONCLUSION 1332:1341 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 6 17 theme naringenin 842:851 arg1 contents 867:874 caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents 706:874 caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts 706:896 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 6 18 theme contents 744:751 arg1 contents 867:874 caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents 706:874 caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts 706:896 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 1 19 theme sprouts 159:165 arg1 use 145:147 The use 141:147 The use of lentil sprouts as bioreactors for obtaining low-processed food with modified composition and biological activity 141:263 BACKGROUND The use of lentil sprouts as bioreactors for obtaining low-processed food with modified composition and biological activity was studied. 23775622 10 20 theme subsequent 1282:1291 arg1 elevation 1293:1301 subsequent elevation 1282:1301 subsequent elevation of resistant starch content 1282:1329 Induction of sprout metabolism caused a decrease of bioavailable starch and subsequent elevation of resistant starch content. 23775622 5 21 theme nutraceutical 600:612 arg1 quality 614:620 the nutritional and nutraceutical quality 580:620 the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of sprouts 580:631 RESULTS Both sprouting and elicitation significantly influenced the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of sprouts. 23775622 2 22 theme Special 278:284 arg1 emphasis 286:293 Special emphasis 278:293 Special emphasis 278:293 Special emphasis was placed on the nutritional quality. 23775622 6 23 theme genistein 734:742 arg1 contents 744:751 genistein contents 734:751 genistein contents 734:751 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 6 24 from naringenin 842:851 arg1 acids 832:836 p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids 778:836 p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids 778:836 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 6 24 from naringenin 842:851 arg1 sprouts 766:772 4-day-old sprouts 756:772 4-day-old sprouts 756:772 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 3 25 theme 200 387:389 arg1 mmol 391:394 mmol 391:394 mmol 391:394 Sprouts metabolism was elicited with 20 mmol L⁻¹ and 200 mmol L⁻¹ H₂O₂. 23775622 4 26 theme lentil 495:500 arg1 stages 485:490 different germination stages 463:490 different germination stages of lentil 463:500 The polyphenolics content and antioxidative abilities at different germination stages of lentil were studied. 23775622 11 27 theme particular 1574:1583 arg1 characteristics 1585:1599 particular characteristics 1574:1599 particular characteristics 1574:1599 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 10 28 theme sprout 1219:1224 arg1 metabolism 1226:1235 sprout metabolism 1219:1235 sprout metabolism 1219:1235 Induction of sprout metabolism caused a decrease of bioavailable starch and subsequent elevation of resistant starch content. 23775622 9 29 from decrease 1101:1108 arg1 content 1121:1127 protein content 1113:1127 protein content associated with a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content 1113:1203 Elicitation caused a significant decrease in protein content associated with a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content. 23775622 11 30 theme food 1555:1558 arg1 products 1560:1567 functional food products 1544:1567 functional food products with particular characteristics 1544:1599 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 6 31 theme 6-day-old 880:888 arg1 sprouts 890:896 6-day-old sprouts 880:896 6-day-old sprouts 880:896 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 4 32 from stages 485:490 arg1 content 424:430 polyphenolics content 410:430 polyphenolics content 410:430 The polyphenolics content and antioxidative abilities at different germination stages of lentil were studied. 23775622 4 32 from stages 485:490 arg1 abilities 450:458 antioxidative abilities 436:458 antioxidative abilities 436:458 The polyphenolics content and antioxidative abilities at different germination stages of lentil were studied. 23775622 2 33 theme nutritional 313:323 arg1 quality 325:331 the nutritional quality 309:331 the nutritional quality 309:331 Special emphasis was placed on the nutritional quality. 23775622 6 34 theme acid 725:728 arg1 contents 867:874 caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents 706:874 caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts 706:896 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 11 35 theme low 1430:1432 arg1 bioaccessibility 1441:1456 low starch bioaccessibility 1430:1456 low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ 1430:1486 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 5 36 theme sprouts 625:631 arg1 quality 614:620 the nutritional and nutraceutical quality 580:620 the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of sprouts 580:631 RESULTS Both sprouting and elicitation significantly influenced the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of sprouts. 23775622 6 37 from acid 725:728 arg1 acids 832:836 p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids 778:836 p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids 778:836 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 6 37 from acid 725:728 arg1 sprouts 766:772 4-day-old sprouts 756:772 4-day-old sprouts 756:772 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 6 38 theme salicylic 715:723 arg1 acid 725:728 salicylic acid 715:728 salicylic acid 715:728 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 0 39 theme elicitation 13:23 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris 0:119 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 0 40 theme culinaris 111:119 arg1 potential 69:77 antioxidant potential 57:77 antioxidant potential 57:77 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 0 40 theme culinaris 111:119 arg1 quality 95:101 nutritional quality 83:101 nutritional quality 83:101 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 0 40 theme culinaris 111:119 arg1 content 48:54 phenolics content 38:54 phenolics content 38:54 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 11 41 theme functional 1544:1553 arg1 products 1560:1567 functional food products 1544:1567 functional food products with particular characteristics 1544:1599 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 9 42 theme nitrogen 1188:1195 arg1 content 1197:1203 the non-protein nitrogen content 1172:1203 the non-protein nitrogen content 1172:1203 Elicitation caused a significant decrease in protein content associated with a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content. 23775622 1 43 theme low-processed 196:208 arg1 food 210:213 low-processed food 196:213 low-processed food 196:213 BACKGROUND The use of lentil sprouts as bioreactors for obtaining low-processed food with modified composition and biological activity was studied. 23775622 9 44 theme significant 1147:1157 arg1 elevation 1159:1167 a significant elevation 1145:1167 a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content 1145:1203 Elicitation caused a significant decrease in protein content associated with a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content. 23775622 6 45 theme caffeic 706:712 arg1 acid 725:728 salicylic acid 715:728 salicylic acid 715:728 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 4 46 theme germination 473:483 arg1 stages 485:490 different germination stages 463:490 different germination stages of lentil 463:500 The polyphenolics content and antioxidative abilities at different germination stages of lentil were studied. 23775622 10 47 theme bioavailable 1258:1269 arg1 starch 1271:1276 bioavailable starch 1258:1276 bioavailable starch 1258:1276 Induction of sprout metabolism caused a decrease of bioavailable starch and subsequent elevation of resistant starch content. 23775622 5 48 dep RESULTS 516:522 arg1 elicitation 543:553 elicitation 543:553 elicitation 543:553 RESULTS Both sprouting and elicitation significantly influenced the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of sprouts. 23775622 5 48 dep RESULTS 516:522 arg1 sprouting 529:537 sprouting 529:537 sprouting 529:537 RESULTS Both sprouting and elicitation significantly influenced the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of sprouts. 23775622 5 48 dep RESULTS 516:522 arg1 RESULTS 516:522 RESULTS Both sprouting and elicitation 516:553 RESULTS Both sprouting and elicitation 516:553 RESULTS Both sprouting and elicitation significantly influenced the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of sprouts. 23775622 11 49 theme sprouts 1461:1467 arg1 content 1398:1404 high content 1393:1404 high content of resistant starch 1393:1424 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 11 49 theme sprouts 1461:1467 arg1 bioaccessibility 1441:1456 low starch bioaccessibility 1430:1456 low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ 1430:1486 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 11 49 theme sprouts 1461:1467 arg1 CONCLUSION 1332:1341 CONCLUSION 1332:1341 CONCLUSION 1332:1341 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 11 50 theme elevated 1361:1368 arg1 potential 1382:1390 The significantly elevated antioxidant potential 1343:1390 The significantly elevated antioxidant potential 1343:1390 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 4 51 theme different 463:471 arg1 stages 485:490 different germination stages 463:490 different germination stages of lentil 463:500 The polyphenolics content and antioxidative abilities at different germination stages of lentil were studied. 23775622 0 52 with elicitation 13:23 arg1 H₂O₂ 30:33 H₂O₂ 30:33 H₂O₂ 30:33 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 0 53 theme phenolics 38:46 arg1 content 48:54 phenolics content 38:54 phenolics content 38:54 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 11 54 theme antioxidant 1370:1380 arg1 potential 1382:1390 The significantly elevated antioxidant potential 1343:1390 The significantly elevated antioxidant potential 1343:1390 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 6 55 from increase 694:701 arg1 contents 867:874 caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents 706:874 caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts 706:896 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 5 56 theme nutritional 584:594 arg1 quality 614:620 the nutritional and nutraceutical quality 580:620 the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of sprouts 580:631 RESULTS Both sprouting and elicitation significantly influenced the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of sprouts. 23775622 10 57 theme metabolism 1226:1235 arg1 Induction 1206:1214 Induction 1206:1214 Induction of sprout metabolism 1206:1235 Induction of sprout metabolism caused a decrease of bioavailable starch and subsequent elevation of resistant starch content. 23775622 4 58 theme polyphenolics 410:422 arg1 content 424:430 polyphenolics content 410:430 polyphenolics content 410:430 The polyphenolics content and antioxidative abilities at different germination stages of lentil were studied. 23775622 9 59 from elevation 1159:1167 arg1 content 1197:1203 the non-protein nitrogen content 1172:1203 the non-protein nitrogen content 1172:1203 Elicitation caused a significant decrease in protein content associated with a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content. 23775622 9 60 theme significant 1089:1099 arg1 decrease 1101:1108 a significant decrease 1087:1108 a significant decrease in protein content associated with a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content 1087:1203 Elicitation caused a significant decrease in protein content associated with a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content. 23775622 1 61 theme modified 220:227 arg1 composition 229:239 modified composition 220:239 modified composition 220:239 BACKGROUND The use of lentil sprouts as bioreactors for obtaining low-processed food with modified composition and biological activity was studied. 23775622 6 62 from contents 744:751 arg1 acids 832:836 p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids 778:836 p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids 778:836 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 6 62 from contents 744:751 arg1 sprouts 766:772 4-day-old sprouts 756:772 4-day-old sprouts 756:772 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 4 63 theme antioxidative 436:448 arg1 abilities 450:458 antioxidative abilities 436:458 antioxidative abilities 436:458 The polyphenolics content and antioxidative abilities at different germination stages of lentil were studied. 23775622 6 64 theme p-hydroxybenzoic 778:793 arg1 acids 832:836 p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids 778:836 p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids 778:836 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 9 65 theme non-protein 1176:1186 arg1 content 1197:1203 the non-protein nitrogen content 1172:1203 the non-protein nitrogen content 1172:1203 Elicitation caused a significant decrease in protein content associated with a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content. 23775622 6 66 dep p-hydroxybenzoic 778:793 arg1 chlorogenic 796:806 chlorogenic 796:806 chlorogenic 796:806 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 6 66 dep p-hydroxybenzoic 778:793 arg1 p-coumaric 821:830 p-coumaric 821:830 p-coumaric 821:830 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 6 66 dep p-hydroxybenzoic 778:793 arg1 o-coumaric 809:818 o-coumaric 809:818 o-coumaric 809:818 In comparison to control conditions both treatments gave an increase in caffeic, salicylic acid and genistein contents in 4-day-old sprouts and p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and naringenin, (+)-catechin contents for 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 10 67 theme starch 1271:1276 arg1 elevation 1293:1301 subsequent elevation 1282:1301 subsequent elevation of resistant starch content 1282:1329 Induction of sprout metabolism caused a decrease of bioavailable starch and subsequent elevation of resistant starch content. 23775622 10 67 theme starch 1271:1276 arg1 decrease 1246:1253 a decrease 1244:1253 a decrease of bioavailable starch 1244:1276 Induction of sprout metabolism caused a decrease of bioavailable starch and subsequent elevation of resistant starch content. 23775622 0 68 theme antioxidant 57:67 arg1 potential 69:77 antioxidant potential 57:77 antioxidant potential 57:77 Influence of elicitation with H₂O₂ on phenolics content, antioxidant potential and nutritional quality of Lens culinaris sprouts. 23775622 11 69 theme resistant 1409:1417 arg1 starch 1419:1424 resistant starch 1409:1424 resistant starch 1409:1424 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 11 70 with products 1560:1567 arg1 characteristics 1585:1599 particular characteristics 1574:1599 particular characteristics 1574:1599 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 10 71 theme starch 1316:1321 arg1 content 1323:1329 resistant starch content 1306:1329 resistant starch content 1306:1329 Induction of sprout metabolism caused a decrease of bioavailable starch and subsequent elevation of resistant starch content. 23775622 4 72 dep content 424:430 arg1 The 406:408 The 406:408 The 406:408 The polyphenolics content and antioxidative abilities at different germination stages of lentil were studied. 23775622 11 73 theme starch 1434:1439 arg1 bioaccessibility 1441:1456 low starch bioaccessibility 1430:1456 low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ 1430:1486 CONCLUSION The significantly elevated antioxidant potential, high content of resistant starch and low starch bioaccessibility of sprouts elicited with H₂O₂ indicated that this technology allows the production of functional food products with particular characteristics. 23775622 8 74 theme antioxidant 990:1000 arg1 potential 1002:1010 The antioxidant potential 986:1010 The antioxidant potential 986:1010 The antioxidant potential was the most effectively elevated in 6-day-old sprouts. 23775622 9 75 theme protein 1113:1119 arg1 content 1121:1127 protein content 1113:1127 protein content associated with a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content 1113:1203 Elicitation caused a significant decrease in protein content associated with a significant elevation in the non-protein nitrogen content. 23775622 1 76 theme biological 245:254 arg1 activity 256:263 biological activity 245:263 biological activity 245:263 BACKGROUND The use of lentil sprouts as bioreactors for obtaining low-processed food with modified composition and biological activity was studied. 25139019 3 0 theme acidic 523:528 arg1 oligosaccharides 530:545 5% acidic oligosaccharides 520:545 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) 520:572 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 8 1 dep number 1563:1568 arg1 the 1559:1561 the 1559:1561 the 1559:1561 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 8 2 with individuals 1671:1681 arg1 fibrosis 1695:1702 cystic fibrosis 1688:1702 cystic fibrosis 1688:1702 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 8 3 from number 1563:1568 arg1 patients 1613:1620 patients 1613:1620 patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis 1613:1702 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 5 4 theme keratinocyte 887:898 arg1 chemoattractant 900:914 keratinocyte chemoattractant 887:914 keratinocyte chemoattractant 887:914 pAOS also sustained the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant, recruited polynuclear leukocytes and macrophages, stimulated M1 macrophage activation and interleukin 10 release, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung. 25139019 4 5 theme Th1 685:687 arg1 polarization 689:700 Th1 polarization 685:700 Th1 polarization 685:700 RESULTS pAOS promoted Th1 polarization by increasing interferon γ release, upregulating t-bet gene expression, decreasing interleukin 4 secretion, and downregulating gata3 gene expression. 25139019 3 6 theme immune 581:586 arg1 response 588:595 the immune response 577:595 the immune response 577:595 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 1 7 theme type 224:227 arg1 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 1 7 theme type 224:227 arg1 response 244:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 1 8 dep BACKGROUND 188:197 arg1 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 1 8 dep BACKGROUND 188:197 arg1 response 244:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 0 9 theme intestinal 152:161 arg1 microbiota 163:172 intestinal microbiota 152:172 intestinal microbiota 152:172 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 0 10 from clearance 79:87 arg1 mice 133:136 mice 133:136 mice 133:136 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 1 11 from critical 256:263 arg1 prognosis 272:280 the prognosis 268:280 the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 268:326 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 3 12 theme aeruginosa 633:642 arg1 infection 644:652 chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection 612:652 chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection 612:652 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 5 13 theme M1 978:979 arg1 activation 992:1001 M1 macrophage activation 978:1001 M1 macrophage activation 978:1001 pAOS also sustained the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant, recruited polynuclear leukocytes and macrophages, stimulated M1 macrophage activation and interleukin 10 release, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung. 25139019 7 14 theme immunity 1283:1290 arg1 development 1292:1302 immunity development 1283:1302 immunity development 1283:1302 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 7 15 theme intestinal 1212:1221 arg1 microbiota 1223:1232 the intestinal microbiota 1208:1232 the intestinal microbiota 1208:1232 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 5 16 theme polynuclear 927:937 arg1 leukocytes 939:948 polynuclear leukocytes 927:948 polynuclear leukocytes 927:948 pAOS also sustained the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant, recruited polynuclear leukocytes and macrophages, stimulated M1 macrophage activation and interleukin 10 release, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung. 25139019 4 17 theme interferon 716:725 arg1 release 729:735 interferon γ release 716:735 interferon γ release 716:735 RESULTS pAOS promoted Th1 polarization by increasing interferon γ release, upregulating t-bet gene expression, decreasing interleukin 4 secretion, and downregulating gata3 gene expression. 25139019 0 18 theme Pseudomonas 92:102 arg1 infection 120:128 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 92:128 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 92:128 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 4 19 theme interleukin 785:795 arg1 secretion 799:807 interleukin 4 secretion 785:807 interleukin 4 secretion 785:807 RESULTS pAOS promoted Th1 polarization by increasing interferon γ release, upregulating t-bet gene expression, decreasing interleukin 4 secretion, and downregulating gata3 gene expression. 25139019 0 20 theme lung 115:118 arg1 infection 120:128 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 92:128 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 92:128 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 3 21 dep METHODS 423:429 arg1 assessed 434:441 assessed 434:441 assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice 434:660 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 3 22 theme microbiota 457:466 arg1 changes 482:488 microbiota compositional changes 457:488 microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) 457:572 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 6 23 theme increased 1111:1119 arg1 clearance 1131:1139 increased bacterial clearance 1111:1139 increased bacterial clearance 1111:1139 These effects led to increased bacterial clearance after the first and second P. aeruginosa infections. 25139019 8 24 theme pulmonary 1586:1594 arg1 exacerbations 1596:1608 pulmonary exacerbations 1586:1608 pulmonary exacerbations 1586:1608 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 4 25 theme gene 757:760 arg1 expression 762:771 t-bet gene expression 751:771 t-bet gene expression 751:771 RESULTS pAOS promoted Th1 polarization by increasing interferon γ release, upregulating t-bet gene expression, decreasing interleukin 4 secretion, and downregulating gata3 gene expression. 25139019 2 26 theme intestinal 400:409 arg1 microbiota 411:420 the intestinal microbiota 396:420 the intestinal microbiota 396:420 But the mucosal and systemic immune responses can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. 25139019 0 27 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 oligosaccharides 30:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides 0:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides 0:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 1 28 theme pulmonary 285:293 arg1 infection 318:326 pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 285:326 pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 285:326 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 7 29 theme XIVa 1386:1389 arg1 organisms 1391:1399 Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms 1366:1399 Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms 1366:1399 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 0 30 theme acidic 23:28 arg1 oligosaccharides 30:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides 0:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides 0:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 1 31 theme aeruginosa 307:316 arg1 infection 318:326 pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 285:326 pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 285:326 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 5 32 theme interleukin 1007:1017 arg1 release 1022:1028 interleukin 10 release 1007:1028 interleukin 10 release 1007:1028 pAOS also sustained the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant, recruited polynuclear leukocytes and macrophages, stimulated M1 macrophage activation and interleukin 10 release, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung. 25139019 7 33 theme Clostridium 1366:1376 arg1 organisms 1391:1399 Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms 1366:1399 Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms 1366:1399 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 3 34 theme changes 482:488 arg1 effect 447:452 the effect 443:452 the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice 443:660 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 3 35 attach derived 547:553 arg1 pAOS 568:571 pAOS 568:571 pAOS 568:571 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 3 35 attach derived 547:553 arg2 oligosaccharides 530:545 5% acidic oligosaccharides 520:545 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) 520:572 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 3 35 attach derived 547:553 arg1 pectin 560:565 pectin 560:565 pectin (pAOS) 560:572 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 0 36 theme pulmonary 59:67 arg1 clearance 79:87 the pulmonary bacterial clearance 55:87 the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice 55:136 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 6 37 theme P. 1168:1169 arg1 infections 1182:1191 the first and second P. aeruginosa infections 1147:1191 the first and second P. aeruginosa infections 1147:1191 These effects led to increased bacterial clearance after the first and second P. aeruginosa infections. 25139019 3 38 theme pulmonary 620:628 arg1 infection 644:652 chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection 612:652 chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection 612:652 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 2 39 theme systemic 349:356 arg1 responses 365:373 But the mucosal and systemic immune responses 329:373 responses 365:373 But the mucosal and systemic immune responses can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. 25139019 1 40 theme immune 237:242 arg1 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 1 40 theme immune 237:242 arg1 response 244:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 5 41 theme tumor 1045:1049 arg1 factor 1060:1065 tumor necrosis factor α 1045:1067 tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung 1045:1087 pAOS also sustained the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant, recruited polynuclear leukocytes and macrophages, stimulated M1 macrophage activation and interleukin 10 release, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung. 25139019 8 42 contain have 1523:1526 arg1 pAOS 1514:1517 pAOS 1514:1517 pAOS 1514:1517 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 8 42 contain have 1523:1526 arg2 effects 1539:1545 beneficial effects 1528:1545 beneficial effects 1528:1545 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 4 43 theme gata3 829:833 arg1 expression 840:849 gata3 gene expression 829:849 gata3 gene expression 829:849 RESULTS pAOS promoted Th1 polarization by increasing interferon γ release, upregulating t-bet gene expression, decreasing interleukin 4 secretion, and downregulating gata3 gene expression. 25139019 5 44 theme factor 1060:1065 arg1 release 1069:1075 tumor necrosis factor α release 1045:1075 tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung 1045:1087 pAOS also sustained the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant, recruited polynuclear leukocytes and macrophages, stimulated M1 macrophage activation and interleukin 10 release, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung. 25139019 7 45 theme species 1263:1269 arg1 growth 1253:1258 the growth 1249:1258 the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms 1249:1399 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 3 46 theme % 521:521 arg1 oligosaccharides 530:545 5% acidic oligosaccharides 520:545 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) 520:572 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 8 47 theme cystic 1688:1693 arg1 fibrosis 1695:1702 cystic fibrosis 1688:1702 cystic fibrosis 1688:1702 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 0 48 link pectin-derived 8:21 arg1 oligosaccharides 30:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides 0:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides 0:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 5 49 theme chemoattractant 900:914 arg1 release 876:882 the release 872:882 the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant 872:914 pAOS also sustained the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant, recruited polynuclear leukocytes and macrophages, stimulated M1 macrophage activation and interleukin 10 release, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung. 25139019 8 50 from severity 1574:1581 arg1 patients 1613:1620 patients 1613:1620 patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis 1613:1702 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 4 51 theme RESULTS 663:669 arg1 pAOS 671:674 RESULTS pAOS 663:674 RESULTS pAOS 663:674 RESULTS pAOS promoted Th1 polarization by increasing interferon γ release, upregulating t-bet gene expression, decreasing interleukin 4 secretion, and downregulating gata3 gene expression. 25139019 2 52 theme mucosal 337:343 arg1 responses 365:373 But the mucosal and systemic immune responses 329:373 responses 365:373 But the mucosal and systemic immune responses can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. 25139019 1 53 theme T-helper 215:222 arg1 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 1 53 theme T-helper 215:222 arg1 response 244:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 7 54 theme propionate 1464:1473 arg1 production 1437:1446 the production 1433:1446 the production of butyrate and propionate 1433:1473 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 1 55 from prognosis 272:280 arg1 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 1 55 from prognosis 272:280 arg1 response 244:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 7 56 theme butyrate 1451:1458 arg1 production 1437:1446 the production 1433:1446 the production of butyrate and propionate 1433:1473 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 2 57 theme immune 358:363 arg1 responses 365:373 But the mucosal and systemic immune responses 329:373 responses 365:373 But the mucosal and systemic immune responses can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. 25139019 5 58 from release 1069:1075 arg1 lung 1084:1087 the lung 1080:1087 the lung 1080:1087 pAOS also sustained the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant, recruited polynuclear leukocytes and macrophages, stimulated M1 macrophage activation and interleukin 10 release, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung. 25139019 1 59 theme Th2 232:234 arg1 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 critical 256:263 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 1 59 theme Th2 232:234 arg1 response 244:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response 199:251 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 8 60 theme beneficial 1528:1537 arg1 effects 1539:1545 beneficial effects 1528:1545 beneficial effects 1528:1545 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 4 61 theme γ 727:727 arg1 release 729:735 interferon γ release 716:735 interferon γ release 716:735 RESULTS pAOS promoted Th1 polarization by increasing interferon γ release, upregulating t-bet gene expression, decreasing interleukin 4 secretion, and downregulating gata3 gene expression. 25139019 3 62 theme P. 630:631 arg1 infection 644:652 chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection 612:652 chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection 612:652 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 8 63 dep CONCLUSION 1476:1485 arg1 suggest 1501:1507 suggest 1501:1507 suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis 1501:1702 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 7 64 theme Sutturella 1338:1347 arg1 wadsworthia 1349:1359 Sutturella wadsworthia 1338:1359 Sutturella wadsworthia 1338:1359 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 7 65 theme same 1413:1416 arg1 time 1418:1421 the same time 1409:1421 the same time 1409:1421 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 7 66 theme Bifidobacterium 1313:1327 arg1 species 1329:1335 Bifidobacterium species 1313:1335 Bifidobacterium species 1313:1335 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 3 67 theme chronic 612:618 arg1 infection 644:652 chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection 612:652 chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection 612:652 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 0 68 theme aeruginosa 104:113 arg1 infection 120:128 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 92:128 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection 92:128 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 0 69 theme infection 120:128 arg1 clearance 79:87 the pulmonary bacterial clearance 55:87 the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice 55:136 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 6 70 theme bacterial 1121:1129 arg1 clearance 1131:1139 increased bacterial clearance 1111:1139 increased bacterial clearance 1111:1139 These effects led to increased bacterial clearance after the first and second P. aeruginosa infections. 25139019 8 71 theme exacerbations 1596:1608 arg1 number 1563:1568 number 1563:1568 number 1563:1568 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 8 71 theme exacerbations 1596:1608 arg1 severity 1574:1581 severity 1574:1581 severity 1574:1581 CONCLUSION These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis. 25139019 3 72 theme compositional 468:480 arg1 changes 482:488 microbiota compositional changes 457:488 microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) 457:572 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 0 73 theme pectin-derived 8:21 arg1 oligosaccharides 30:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides 0:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides 0:45 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 5 74 theme macrophage 981:990 arg1 activation 992:1001 M1 macrophage activation 978:1001 M1 macrophage activation 978:1001 pAOS also sustained the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant, recruited polynuclear leukocytes and macrophages, stimulated M1 macrophage activation and interleukin 10 release, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung. 25139019 7 75 theme cluster 1378:1384 arg1 organisms 1391:1399 Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms 1366:1399 Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms 1366:1399 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 7 76 dep modified 1199:1206 arg1 increased 1423:1431 increased 1423:1431 increased the production of butyrate and propionate 1423:1473 pAOS modified the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of species involved in immunity development, such as Bifidobacterium species, Sutturella wadsworthia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa organisms, and at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate. 25139019 4 77 theme t-bet 751:755 arg1 expression 762:771 t-bet gene expression 751:771 t-bet gene expression 751:771 RESULTS pAOS promoted Th1 polarization by increasing interferon γ release, upregulating t-bet gene expression, decreasing interleukin 4 secretion, and downregulating gata3 gene expression. 25139019 3 78 from response 588:595 arg1 mice 657:660 mice 657:660 mice 657:660 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 1 79 theme Pseudomonas 295:305 arg1 infection 318:326 pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 285:326 pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 285:326 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 3 80 from outcome 601:607 arg1 mice 657:660 mice 657:660 mice 657:660 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 1 81 theme infection 318:326 arg1 prognosis 272:280 the prognosis 268:280 the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 268:326 BACKGROUND A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 25139019 3 82 theme infection 644:652 arg1 outcome 601:607 outcome 601:607 outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice 601:660 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 3 82 theme infection 644:652 arg1 response 588:595 the immune response 577:595 the immune response 577:595 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 4 83 theme gene 835:838 arg1 expression 840:849 gata3 gene expression 829:849 gata3 gene expression 829:849 RESULTS pAOS promoted Th1 polarization by increasing interferon γ release, upregulating t-bet gene expression, decreasing interleukin 4 secretion, and downregulating gata3 gene expression. 25139019 0 84 theme bacterial 69:77 arg1 clearance 79:87 the pulmonary bacterial clearance 55:87 the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice 55:136 Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity. 25139019 3 85 theme 5 520:520 arg1 % 521:521 % 521:521 % 521:521 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 6 86 theme second 1161:1166 arg1 infections 1182:1191 the first and second P. aeruginosa infections 1147:1191 the first and second P. aeruginosa infections 1147:1191 These effects led to increased bacterial clearance after the first and second P. aeruginosa infections. 25139019 3 87 from effect 447:452 arg1 outcome 601:607 outcome 601:607 outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice 601:660 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 3 87 from effect 447:452 arg1 response 588:595 the immune response 577:595 the immune response 577:595 METHODS We assessed the effect of microbiota compositional changes induced by a diet enriched in 5% acidic oligosaccharides derived from pectin (pAOS) on the immune response and outcome of chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. 25139019 5 88 theme necrosis 1051:1058 arg1 factor 1060:1065 tumor necrosis factor α 1045:1067 tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung 1045:1087 pAOS also sustained the release of keratinocyte chemoattractant, recruited polynuclear leukocytes and macrophages, stimulated M1 macrophage activation and interleukin 10 release, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α release in the lung. 25139019 6 89 theme first 1151:1155 arg1 infections 1182:1191 the first and second P. aeruginosa infections 1147:1191 the first and second P. aeruginosa infections 1147:1191 These effects led to increased bacterial clearance after the first and second P. aeruginosa infections. 25139019 6 90 dep P. 1168:1169 arg1 aeruginosa 1171:1180 aeruginosa 1171:1180 aeruginosa 1171:1180 These effects led to increased bacterial clearance after the first and second P. aeruginosa infections. 26582339 1 0 theme multi-functional 164:179 arg1 nanocomposite 132:144 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite 92:144 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite 92:144 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 1 0 theme multi-functional 164:179 arg1 nanomaterial 181:192 a multi-functional nanomaterial 162:192 a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal 162:246 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 7 1 theme MCGO 964:967 arg1 mg/g 987:990 398.08 mg/g 980:990 398.08 mg/g 980:990 The maximum adsorption capacity of MCGO for MO was 398.08 mg/g. 26582339 7 1 theme MCGO 964:967 arg1 capacity 952:959 The maximum adsorption capacity 929:959 The maximum adsorption capacity of MCGO for MO 929:974 The maximum adsorption capacity of MCGO for MO was 398.08 mg/g. 26582339 2 2 theme X-ray 366:370 arg1 diffraction 372:382 X-ray diffraction 366:382 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 366:388 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 2 2 theme X-ray 366:370 arg1 XRD 385:387 XRD 385:387 XRD 385:387 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 4 3 theme cells 579:583 arg1 images 561:566 SEM images 557:566 SEM images of E. coli cells 557:583 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 6 4 theme adsorption 890:899 arg1 capacity 901:908 the adsorption capacity 886:908 the adsorption capacity 886:908 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 6 5 theme adsorbent 820:828 arg1 mass 830:833 adsorbent mass 820:833 adsorbent mass 820:833 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 5 6 theme adsorption 735:744 arg1 performance 746:756 MCGO's adsorption performance 728:756 MCGO's adsorption performance for methyl orange (MO) 728:779 This work also explored MCGO's adsorption performance for methyl orange (MO). 26582339 8 7 theme potential 1042:1050 arg1 applications 1052:1063 enormous potential applications 1033:1063 enormous potential applications for water treatment 1033:1083 This study showed that the MCGO offered enormous potential applications for water treatment. 26582339 6 8 theme MO 880:881 arg1 value 839:843 pH value 836:843 pH value 836:843 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 6 8 theme MO 880:881 arg1 time 854:857 contact time 846:857 contact time 846:857 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 6 8 theme MO 880:881 arg1 concentration 863:875 concentration 863:875 concentration of MO 863:881 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 6 8 theme MO 880:881 arg1 mass 830:833 adsorbent mass 820:833 adsorbent mass 820:833 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 8 9 theme enormous 1033:1040 arg1 applications 1052:1063 enormous potential applications 1033:1063 enormous potential applications for water treatment 1033:1083 This study showed that the MCGO offered enormous potential applications for water treatment. 26582339 6 10 theme experimental 786:797 arg1 value 839:843 pH value 836:843 pH value 836:843 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 6 10 theme experimental 786:797 arg1 time 854:857 contact time 846:857 contact time 846:857 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 6 10 theme experimental 786:797 arg1 concentration 863:875 concentration 863:875 concentration of MO 863:881 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 6 10 theme experimental 786:797 arg1 parameters 799:808 The experimental parameters 782:808 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity 782:908 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 6 10 theme experimental 786:797 arg1 mass 830:833 adsorbent mass 820:833 adsorbent mass 820:833 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 1 11 theme Magnetic 92:99 arg1 oxide 119:123 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide 92:123 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite 92:144 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 1 11 theme Magnetic 92:99 arg1 MCGO 126:129 MCGO 126:129 MCGO 126:129 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 3 12 theme antibacterial 446:458 arg1 performance 460:470 The antibacterial performance 442:470 The antibacterial performance for MCGO against Escherichia coli 442:504 The antibacterial performance for MCGO against Escherichia coli was varied depending on the concentration of MCGO. 26582339 0 13 theme chitosan-graphene 9:25 arg1 composite 33:41 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite 0:41 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite for anti-microbial and dye removal applications. 0:90 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite for anti-microbial and dye removal applications. 26582339 7 14 theme adsorption 941:950 arg1 mg/g 987:990 398.08 mg/g 980:990 398.08 mg/g 980:990 The maximum adsorption capacity of MCGO for MO was 398.08 mg/g. 26582339 7 14 theme adsorption 941:950 arg1 capacity 952:959 The maximum adsorption capacity 929:959 The maximum adsorption capacity of MCGO for MO 929:974 The maximum adsorption capacity of MCGO for MO was 398.08 mg/g. 26582339 1 15 theme chitosan-graphene 101:117 arg1 oxide 119:123 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide 92:123 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite 92:144 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 1 15 theme chitosan-graphene 101:117 arg1 MCGO 126:129 MCGO 126:129 MCGO 126:129 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 0 16 theme Magnetic 0:7 arg1 composite 33:41 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite 0:41 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite for anti-microbial and dye removal applications. 0:90 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite for anti-microbial and dye removal applications. 26582339 2 17 theme electron 339:346 arg1 TEM 360:362 TEM 360:362 TEM 360:362 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 2 17 theme electron 339:346 arg1 microscopy 348:357 transmission electron microscopy 326:357 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 326:363 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 2 18 theme transmission 326:337 arg1 TEM 360:362 TEM 360:362 TEM 360:362 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 2 18 theme transmission 326:337 arg1 microscopy 348:357 transmission electron microscopy 326:357 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 326:363 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 1 19 theme antibacterial 218:230 arg1 applications 202:213 the applications 198:213 the applications of antibacterial and dye removal 198:246 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 1 20 theme oxide 119:123 arg1 nanocomposite 132:144 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite 92:144 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite 92:144 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 1 20 theme oxide 119:123 arg1 nanomaterial 181:192 a multi-functional nanomaterial 162:192 a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal 162:246 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 4 21 theme coli 574:577 arg1 cells 579:583 E. coli cells 571:583 E. coli cells 571:583 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 8 22 theme water 1069:1073 arg1 treatment 1075:1083 water treatment 1069:1083 water treatment 1069:1083 This study showed that the MCGO offered enormous potential applications for water treatment. 26582339 4 23 theme nanocomposite 641:653 arg1 performance 621:631 the antimicrobial performance 603:631 the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite 603:653 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 4 23 theme nanocomposite 641:653 arg1 damage 679:684 the damage 675:684 the damage of cell membrane 675:701 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 0 24 theme anti-microbial 47:60 arg1 applications 78:89 anti-microbial and dye removal applications 47:89 anti-microbial and dye removal applications 47:89 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite for anti-microbial and dye removal applications. 26582339 4 25 theme E. 571:572 arg1 cells 579:583 E. coli cells 571:583 E. coli cells 571:583 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 1 26 theme dye 236:238 arg1 removal 240:246 dye removal 236:246 dye removal 236:246 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 0 27 theme oxide 27:31 arg1 composite 33:41 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite 0:41 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite for anti-microbial and dye removal applications. 0:90 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite for anti-microbial and dye removal applications. 26582339 1 28 theme removal 240:246 arg1 applications 202:213 the applications 198:213 the applications of antibacterial and dye removal 198:246 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide (MCGO) nanocomposite was prepared as a multi-functional nanomaterial for the applications of antibacterial and dye removal. 26582339 0 29 theme dye 66:68 arg1 applications 78:89 anti-microbial and dye removal applications 47:89 anti-microbial and dye removal applications 47:89 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite for anti-microbial and dye removal applications. 26582339 6 30 theme contact 846:852 arg1 time 854:857 contact time 846:857 contact time 846:857 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 4 31 theme SEM 557:559 arg1 images 561:566 SEM images 557:566 SEM images of E. coli cells 557:583 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 7 32 theme maximum 933:939 arg1 mg/g 987:990 398.08 mg/g 980:990 398.08 mg/g 980:990 The maximum adsorption capacity of MCGO for MO was 398.08 mg/g. 26582339 7 32 theme maximum 933:939 arg1 capacity 952:959 The maximum adsorption capacity 929:959 The maximum adsorption capacity of MCGO for MO 929:974 The maximum adsorption capacity of MCGO for MO was 398.08 mg/g. 26582339 2 33 theme electronic 297:306 arg1 SEM 320:322 SEM 320:322 SEM 320:322 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 2 33 theme electronic 297:306 arg1 microscope 308:317 scanning electronic microscope 288:317 scanning electronic microscope (SEM) 288:323 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 3 34 theme MCGO 551:554 arg1 concentration 534:546 the concentration 530:546 the concentration of MCGO 530:554 The antibacterial performance for MCGO against Escherichia coli was varied depending on the concentration of MCGO. 26582339 6 35 theme pH 836:837 arg1 value 839:843 pH value 836:843 pH value 836:843 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 2 36 theme scanning 288:295 arg1 SEM 320:322 SEM 320:322 SEM 320:322 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 2 36 theme scanning 288:295 arg1 microscope 308:317 scanning electronic microscope 288:317 scanning electronic microscope (SEM) 288:323 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 4 37 theme antimicrobial 607:619 arg1 performance 621:631 the antimicrobial performance 603:631 the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite 603:653 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 4 37 theme antimicrobial 607:619 arg1 damage 679:684 the damage 675:684 the damage of cell membrane 675:701 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 5 38 theme methyl 762:767 arg1 orange 769:774 methyl orange 762:774 methyl orange (MO) 762:779 This work also explored MCGO's adsorption performance for methyl orange (MO). 26582339 5 38 theme methyl 762:767 arg1 MO 777:778 MO 777:778 MO 777:778 This work also explored MCGO's adsorption performance for methyl orange (MO). 26582339 2 39 dep transform 402:410 arg1 infrared 412:419 infrared 412:419 transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) 402:439 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 4 40 theme membrane 694:701 arg1 performance 621:631 the antimicrobial performance 603:631 the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite 603:653 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 4 40 theme membrane 694:701 arg1 damage 679:684 the damage 675:684 the damage of cell membrane 675:701 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 6 41 from parameters 799:808 arg1 capacity 901:908 the adsorption capacity 886:908 the adsorption capacity 886:908 The experimental parameters including adsorbent mass, pH value, contact time and concentration of MO on the adsorption capacity were investigated. 26582339 4 42 theme MCGO 636:639 arg1 nanocomposite 641:653 MCGO nanocomposite 636:653 MCGO nanocomposite 636:653 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 26582339 0 43 theme removal 70:76 arg1 applications 78:89 anti-microbial and dye removal applications 47:89 anti-microbial and dye removal applications 47:89 Magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite for anti-microbial and dye removal applications. 26582339 2 44 dep Fourier 394:400 arg1 transform 402:410 transform 402:410 transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) 402:439 The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). 26582339 4 45 theme cell 689:692 arg1 membrane 694:701 cell membrane 689:701 cell membrane 689:701 SEM images of E. coli cells demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of MCGO nanocomposite was possibly due to the damage of cell membrane. 24752149 7 0 theme excellent 1305:1313 arg1 selectivity 1315:1325 excellent selectivity 1305:1325 excellent selectivity 1305:1325 Moreover, the immunosensor showed excellent selectivity, good stability, satisfactory reproducibility and regeneration. 24752149 8 1 used used 1429:1432 arg2 method 1418:1423 the developed method 1404:1423 the developed method 1404:1423 Importantly, the developed method was used to assay clinical serum specimens, achieving a good relation with those obtained from the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method. 24752149 2 2 theme secondary 612:620 arg1 antibody 622:629 secondary antibody 612:629 secondary antibody (Ab2) 612:635 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 2 theme secondary 612:620 arg1 Ab2 632:634 Ab2 632:634 Ab2 632:634 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 6 3 theme fg 1162:1163 arg1 mL 1165:1166 0.71 fg mL 1157:1166 0.71 fg mL(-1) 1157:1170 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 6 3 theme fg 1162:1163 arg1 -1 1168:1169 -1 1168:1169 -1 1168:1169 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 2 4 theme sandwich 309:316 arg1 immunosensor 334:345 a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor 289:345 a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 289:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 4 theme sandwich 309:316 arg1 label 603:607 label 603:607 label 603:607 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 8 5 theme electrochemiluminescent 1539:1561 arg1 method 1563:1568 the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method 1520:1568 the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method 1520:1568 Importantly, the developed method was used to assay clinical serum specimens, achieving a good relation with those obtained from the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method. 24752149 6 6 theme 0.998 1224:1228 arg1 coefficient 1209:1219 a correlation coefficient 1195:1219 a correlation coefficient of 0.998 1195:1228 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 6 6 theme 0.998 1224:1228 arg1 limit 1246:1250 a detection limit 1234:1250 a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1) 1234:1268 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 2 7 theme novel 291:295 arg1 immunosensor 334:345 a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor 289:345 a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 289:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 7 theme novel 291:295 arg1 label 603:607 label 603:607 label 603:607 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 6 8 theme concentration 1132:1144 arg1 range 1146:1150 a concentration range 1130:1150 a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1) 1130:1268 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 2 9 from immobilization 393:406 arg1 MMWCNTs 581:587 MMWCNTs 581:587 MMWCNTs 581:587 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 9 from immobilization 393:406 arg1 nanotubes 570:578 magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes 544:578 magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 544:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 9 from immobilization 393:406 arg1 nanoparticles 487:499 three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles 437:499 three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles 437:499 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 3 10 theme silica 762:767 arg1 template 774:781 silica opal template 762:781 silica opal template 762:781 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode was constructed by one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template. 24752149 1 11 theme essential 242:250 arg1 indicator 252:260 an essential indicator 239:260 an essential indicator of thyroid function 239:280 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum is considered to be an essential indicator of thyroid function. 24752149 1 11 theme essential 242:250 arg1 measurement 166:176 The measurement 162:176 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum 162:217 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum is considered to be an essential indicator of thyroid function. 24752149 0 12 theme electrochemical 27:41 arg1 immunoassay 43:53 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay 0:53 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay for free thyroxine based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au 0:133 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay for free thyroxine based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid film. 24752149 4 13 from co-precipitation 818:833 arg1 MWCNTs 878:883 carboxylated MWCNTs 865:883 carboxylated MWCNTs 865:883 MMWCNTs were prepared by chemical co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts on carboxylated MWCNTs. 24752149 1 14 theme free 181:184 arg1 concentration 196:208 free thyroxine concentration 181:208 free thyroxine concentration 181:208 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum is considered to be an essential indicator of thyroid function. 24752149 2 15 theme film 524:527 arg1 electrode 529:537 hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode 501:537 hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode 501:537 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 5 16 theme MWCNTs 1039:1044 arg1 groups 1060:1065 the amine groups 1050:1065 the amine groups of antibody 1050:1077 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 16 theme MWCNTs 1039:1044 arg1 MWCNTs 1039:1044 MWCNTs 1039:1044 MWCNTs 1039:1044 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 16 theme MWCNTs 1039:1044 arg1 antibody 1070:1077 antibody 1070:1077 antibody 1070:1077 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 16 theme MWCNTs 1039:1044 arg1 groups 1029:1034 the carboxylic groups 1014:1034 the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs 1014:1044 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 1 17 theme concentration 196:208 arg1 indicator 252:260 an essential indicator 239:260 an essential indicator of thyroid function 239:280 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum is considered to be an essential indicator of thyroid function. 24752149 1 17 theme concentration 196:208 arg1 measurement 166:176 The measurement 162:176 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum 162:217 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum is considered to be an essential indicator of thyroid function. 24752149 2 18 theme carbon 563:568 arg1 MMWCNTs 581:587 MMWCNTs 581:587 MMWCNTs 581:587 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 18 theme carbon 563:568 arg1 nanotubes 570:578 magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes 544:578 magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 544:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 0 19 theme macroporous 111:121 arg1 chitosan-Au 123:133 three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au 83:133 three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au 83:133 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay for free thyroxine based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid film. 24752149 5 20 theme bond 1001:1004 arg1 formation 982:990 the formation 978:990 the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody 978:1077 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 2 21 theme magnetic 544:551 arg1 MMWCNTs 581:587 MMWCNTs 581:587 MMWCNTs 581:587 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 21 theme magnetic 544:551 arg1 nanotubes 570:578 magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes 544:578 magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 544:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 22 theme antibody 419:426 arg1 immobilization 393:406 the immobilization 389:406 the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 389:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 0 23 theme Ultrasensitive 0:13 arg1 immunoassay 43:53 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay 0:53 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay for free thyroxine based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au 0:133 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay for free thyroxine based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid film. 24752149 5 24 theme antibody 1070:1077 arg1 groups 1060:1065 the amine groups 1050:1065 the amine groups of antibody 1050:1077 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 24 theme antibody 1070:1077 arg1 MWCNTs 1039:1044 MWCNTs 1039:1044 MWCNTs 1039:1044 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 24 theme antibody 1070:1077 arg1 antibody 1070:1077 antibody 1070:1077 antibody 1070:1077 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 24 theme antibody 1070:1077 arg1 groups 1029:1034 the carboxylic groups 1014:1034 the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs 1014:1044 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 25 theme labeled 899:905 arg1 anti-FT4 907:914 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 886:914 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) 886:933 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 25 theme labeled 899:905 arg1 -Ab2 929:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2 917:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2 917:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 2 26 theme macroporous 463:473 arg1 nanoparticles 487:499 three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles 437:499 three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles 437:499 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 27 theme dimensional 443:453 arg1 nanoparticles 487:499 three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles 437:499 three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles 437:499 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 6 28 theme fg 1260:1261 arg1 mL 1263:1264 0.20 fg mL 1255:1264 0.20 fg mL(-1) 1255:1268 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 6 28 theme fg 1260:1261 arg1 -1 1266:1267 -1 1266:1267 -1 1266:1267 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 5 29 attach attached 950:957 arg1 MMWCNTs 962:968 MMWCNTs 962:968 MMWCNTs 962:968 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 29 attach attached 950:957 arg2 -Ab2 929:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2 917:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2 917:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 29 attach attached 950:957 arg2 anti-FT4 907:914 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 886:914 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) 886:933 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 2 30 theme CS-AuNPs 514:521 arg1 electrode 529:537 hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode 501:537 hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode 501:537 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 8 31 theme commercialized 1524:1537 arg1 method 1563:1568 the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method 1520:1568 the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method 1520:1568 Importantly, the developed method was used to assay clinical serum specimens, achieving a good relation with those obtained from the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method. 24752149 3 32 theme CS-AuNPs 647:654 arg1 electrode 661:669 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode 638:669 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode 638:669 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode was constructed by one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template. 24752149 6 33 theme detection 1236:1244 arg1 limit 1246:1250 a detection limit 1234:1250 a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1) 1234:1268 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 7 34 theme good 1328:1331 arg1 stability 1333:1341 good stability 1328:1341 good stability 1328:1341 Moreover, the immunosensor showed excellent selectivity, good stability, satisfactory reproducibility and regeneration. 24752149 6 35 located detected 1118:1125 arg2 FT4 1110:1112 FT4 1110:1112 FT4 1110:1112 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 6 35 located detected 1118:1125 arg1 range 1146:1150 a concentration range 1130:1150 a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1) 1130:1268 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 3 36 theme one-step 690:697 arg1 electrodeposition 699:715 one-step electrodeposition 690:715 one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template 690:781 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode was constructed by one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template. 24752149 2 37 theme FT4 368:370 arg1 antigen 372:378 FT4 antigen 368:378 FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 368:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 6 38 from mL 1165:1166 arg1 range 1146:1150 a concentration range 1130:1150 a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1) 1130:1268 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 4 39 theme Fe 838:839 arg1 salts 856:860 Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts 838:860 Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts 838:860 MMWCNTs were prepared by chemical co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts on carboxylated MWCNTs. 24752149 1 40 theme thyroid 265:271 arg1 function 273:280 thyroid function 265:280 thyroid function 265:280 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum is considered to be an essential indicator of thyroid function. 24752149 3 41 theme composite 729:737 arg1 electrodeposition 699:715 one-step electrodeposition 690:715 one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template 690:781 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode was constructed by one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template. 24752149 4 42 theme salts 856:860 arg1 co-precipitation 818:833 chemical co-precipitation 809:833 chemical co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts on carboxylated MWCNTs 809:883 MMWCNTs were prepared by chemical co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts on carboxylated MWCNTs. 24752149 8 43 theme serum 1452:1456 arg1 specimens 1458:1466 clinical serum specimens 1443:1466 clinical serum specimens 1443:1466 Importantly, the developed method was used to assay clinical serum specimens, achieving a good relation with those obtained from the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method. 24752149 2 44 theme electrochemical 318:332 arg1 immunosensor 334:345 a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor 289:345 a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 289:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 44 theme electrochemical 318:332 arg1 label 603:607 label 603:607 label 603:607 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 4 45 theme carboxylated 865:876 arg1 MWCNTs 878:883 carboxylated MWCNTs 865:883 carboxylated MWCNTs 865:883 MMWCNTs were prepared by chemical co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts on carboxylated MWCNTs. 24752149 2 46 theme enzyme-free 297:307 arg1 immunosensor 334:345 a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor 289:345 a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 289:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 46 theme enzyme-free 297:307 arg1 label 603:607 label 603:607 label 603:607 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 6 47 with mL 1183:1184 arg1 coefficient 1209:1219 a correlation coefficient 1195:1219 a correlation coefficient of 0.998 1195:1228 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 6 47 with mL 1183:1184 arg1 limit 1246:1250 a detection limit 1234:1250 a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1) 1234:1268 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 4 48 theme Fe 849:850 arg1 salts 856:860 Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts 838:860 Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts 838:860 MMWCNTs were prepared by chemical co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts on carboxylated MWCNTs. 24752149 3 49 theme Au 744:745 arg1 electrode 747:755 Au electrode 744:755 Au electrode with silica opal template 744:781 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode was constructed by one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template. 24752149 3 50 theme opal 769:772 arg1 template 774:781 silica opal template 762:781 silica opal template 762:781 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode was constructed by one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template. 24752149 6 51 theme pg 1180:1181 arg1 -1 1186:1187 -1 1186:1187 -1 1186:1187 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 6 51 theme pg 1180:1181 arg1 mL 1183:1184 1.15 pg mL 1175:1184 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1) 1175:1268 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 5 52 theme amide 995:999 arg1 bond 1001:1004 amide bond 995:1004 amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody 995:1077 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 2 53 used used 595:598 arg2 label 603:607 label 603:607 label 603:607 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 53 used used 595:598 arg2 immunosensor 334:345 a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor 289:345 a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 289:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 6 54 theme optimal 1090:1096 arg1 conditions 1098:1107 the optimal conditions 1086:1107 the optimal conditions 1086:1107 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 6 55 theme correlation 1197:1207 arg1 coefficient 1209:1219 a correlation coefficient 1195:1219 a correlation coefficient of 0.998 1195:1228 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 0 56 theme ordered 103:109 arg1 chitosan-Au 123:133 three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au 83:133 three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au 83:133 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay for free thyroxine based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid film. 24752149 1 57 theme thyroxine 186:194 arg1 concentration 196:208 free thyroxine concentration 181:208 free thyroxine concentration 181:208 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum is considered to be an essential indicator of thyroid function. 24752149 5 58 theme Ru 917:918 arg1 anti-FT4 907:914 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 886:914 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) 886:933 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 58 theme Ru 917:918 arg1 -Ab2 929:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2 917:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2 917:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 2 59 theme multiwall 553:561 arg1 MMWCNTs 581:587 MMWCNTs 581:587 MMWCNTs 581:587 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 59 theme multiwall 553:561 arg1 nanotubes 570:578 magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes 544:578 magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 544:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 0 60 theme hybrid 149:154 arg1 film 156:159 hybrid film 149:159 hybrid film 149:159 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay for free thyroxine based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid film. 24752149 5 61 theme bpy 920:922 arg1 anti-FT4 907:914 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 886:914 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) 886:933 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 61 theme bpy 920:922 arg1 -Ab2 929:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2 917:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2 917:932 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 0 62 theme enzyme-free 15:25 arg1 immunoassay 43:53 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay 0:53 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay for free thyroxine based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au 0:133 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay for free thyroxine based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid film. 24752149 5 63 theme carboxylic 1018:1027 arg1 MWCNTs 1039:1044 MWCNTs 1039:1044 MWCNTs 1039:1044 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 63 theme carboxylic 1018:1027 arg1 antibody 1070:1077 antibody 1070:1077 antibody 1070:1077 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 63 theme carboxylic 1018:1027 arg1 groups 1029:1034 the carboxylic groups 1014:1034 the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs 1014:1044 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 2 64 dep nanoparticles 487:499 arg1 electrode 529:537 hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode 501:537 hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode 501:537 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 1 65 from measurement 166:176 arg1 serum 213:217 serum 213:217 serum 213:217 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum is considered to be an essential indicator of thyroid function. 24752149 2 66 theme chitosan-Au 475:485 arg1 nanoparticles 487:499 three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles 437:499 three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles 437:499 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 67 theme primary 411:417 arg1 Ab1 429:431 Ab1 429:431 Ab1 429:431 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 67 theme primary 411:417 arg1 antibody 419:426 primary antibody 411:426 primary antibody (Ab1) 411:432 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 6 68 theme mL 1263:1264 arg1 coefficient 1209:1219 a correlation coefficient 1195:1219 a correlation coefficient of 0.998 1195:1228 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 6 68 theme mL 1263:1264 arg1 limit 1246:1250 a detection limit 1234:1250 a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1) 1234:1268 Under the optimal conditions, FT4 was detected in a concentration range from 0.71 fg mL(-1) to 1.15 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.20 fg mL(-1). 24752149 2 69 theme ordered 455:461 arg1 nanoparticles 487:499 three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles 437:499 three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles 437:499 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 8 70 with relation 1486:1493 arg1 those 1500:1504 those 1500:1504 those 1500:1504 Importantly, the developed method was used to assay clinical serum specimens, achieving a good relation with those obtained from the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method. 24752149 3 71 theme film 656:659 arg1 electrode 661:669 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode 638:669 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode 638:669 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode was constructed by one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template. 24752149 0 72 theme free 59:62 arg1 thyroxine 64:72 free thyroxine 59:72 free thyroxine 59:72 Ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay for free thyroxine based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid film. 24752149 2 73 theme 3DOM 509:512 arg1 electrode 529:537 hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode 501:537 hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode 501:537 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 8 74 theme developed 1408:1416 arg1 method 1418:1423 the developed method 1404:1423 the developed method 1404:1423 Importantly, the developed method was used to assay clinical serum specimens, achieving a good relation with those obtained from the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method. 24752149 3 75 theme 3DOM 642:645 arg1 electrode 661:669 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode 638:669 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode 638:669 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode was constructed by one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template. 24752149 5 76 theme amine 1054:1058 arg1 groups 1060:1065 the amine groups 1050:1065 the amine groups of antibody 1050:1077 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 76 theme amine 1054:1058 arg1 MWCNTs 1039:1044 MWCNTs 1039:1044 MWCNTs 1039:1044 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 5 76 theme amine 1054:1058 arg1 antibody 1070:1077 antibody 1070:1077 antibody 1070:1077 Ru(bpy)3(2+) labeled anti-FT4 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-Ab2) was covalently attached to MMWCNTs through the formation of amide bond between the carboxylic groups of MWCNTs and the amine groups of antibody. 24752149 7 77 theme satisfactory 1344:1355 arg1 reproducibility 1357:1371 satisfactory reproducibility 1344:1371 satisfactory reproducibility 1344:1371 Moreover, the immunosensor showed excellent selectivity, good stability, satisfactory reproducibility and regeneration. 24752149 2 78 theme hybrid 501:506 arg1 electrode 529:537 hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode 501:537 hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode 501:537 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 2 79 theme antigen 372:378 arg1 detection 355:363 the detection 351:363 the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) 351:588 Here, a novel enzyme-free sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of FT4 antigen based on the immobilization of primary antibody (Ab1) on three dimensional ordered macroporous chitosan-Au nanoparticles hybrid (3DOM CS-AuNPs) film electrode, and magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were used as label of secondary antibody (Ab2). 24752149 8 80 theme good 1481:1484 arg1 relation 1486:1493 a good relation 1479:1493 a good relation with those obtained from the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method 1479:1568 Importantly, the developed method was used to assay clinical serum specimens, achieving a good relation with those obtained from the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method. 24752149 4 81 theme chemical 809:816 arg1 co-precipitation 818:833 chemical co-precipitation 809:833 chemical co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts on carboxylated MWCNTs 809:883 MMWCNTs were prepared by chemical co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) salts on carboxylated MWCNTs. 24752149 3 82 with electrode 747:755 arg1 template 774:781 silica opal template 762:781 silica opal template 762:781 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode was constructed by one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template. 24752149 8 83 theme clinical 1443:1450 arg1 specimens 1458:1466 clinical serum specimens 1443:1466 clinical serum specimens 1443:1466 Importantly, the developed method was used to assay clinical serum specimens, achieving a good relation with those obtained from the commercialized electrochemiluminescent method. 24752149 3 84 theme CS-AuNPs 720:727 arg1 composite 729:737 CS-AuNPs composite 720:737 CS-AuNPs composite 720:737 The 3DOM CS-AuNPs film electrode was constructed by one-step electrodeposition of CS-AuNPs composite onto Au electrode with silica opal template. 24752149 1 85 theme function 273:280 arg1 indicator 252:260 an essential indicator 239:260 an essential indicator of thyroid function 239:280 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum is considered to be an essential indicator of thyroid function. 24752149 1 85 theme function 273:280 arg1 measurement 166:176 The measurement 162:176 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum 162:217 The measurement of free thyroxine concentration in serum is considered to be an essential indicator of thyroid function. 24601699 4 0 theme inducible 864:872 arg1 iNOS 897:900 iNOS 897:900 iNOS 897:900 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 0 theme inducible 864:872 arg1 synthase 887:894 inducible nitric oxide synthase 864:894 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 864:901 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 1 theme oxide 881:885 arg1 iNOS 897:900 iNOS 897:900 iNOS 897:900 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 1 theme oxide 881:885 arg1 synthase 887:894 inducible nitric oxide synthase 864:894 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 864:901 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 3 2 with group 575:579 arg1 dimethylhydrazine 547:563 dimethylhydrazine 547:563 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 547:569 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 2 with group 575:579 arg1 DMH+PRE 605:611 DMH+PRE 605:611 DMH+PRE 605:611 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 2 with group 575:579 arg1 prebiotic 594:602 prebiotic 594:602 prebiotic (DMH+PRE) 594:612 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 2 with group 575:579 arg1 DMH 586:588 DMH 586:588 DMH 586:588 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 2 with group 575:579 arg1 DMH 566:568 DMH 566:568 DMH 566:568 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 2 3 theme chemopreventive 333:347 arg1 markers 349:355 biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers 306:355 biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers 306:355 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 4 4 theme β-glucuronidase 679:693 arg1 activities 665:674 the activities 661:674 the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue 661:917 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 2 5 theme microbial 319:327 arg1 markers 349:355 biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers 306:355 biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers 306:355 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 1 6 theme colon 204:208 arg1 development 217:227 the colon cancer development 200:227 the colon cancer development 200:227 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 6 7 theme acids 1139:1143 arg1 concentrations 1145:1158 Butyric and propionic acids concentrations 1117:1158 Butyric and propionic acids concentrations 1117:1158 Butyric and propionic acids concentrations were increased after inulin supplementation in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 4 8 theme short 696:700 arg1 acids 714:718 short chain fatty acids 696:718 short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 696:726 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 8 theme short 696:700 arg1 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 8 theme short 696:700 arg1 SCFAs 721:725 SCFAs 721:725 SCFAs 721:725 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 5 9 from counts 1023:1028 arg1 digesta 1108:1114 fresh caecal digesta 1095:1114 fresh caecal digesta 1095:1114 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 4 10 theme colon 906:910 arg1 tissue 912:917 colon tissue 906:917 colon tissue 906:917 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 5 11 theme decreased 1045:1053 arg1 activity 1055:1062 decreased activity 1045:1062 decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta 1045:1114 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 1 12 theme potential 232:240 arg1 agent 258:262 potential chemopreventive agent 232:262 potential chemopreventive agent 232:262 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 8 13 dep prevention 1560:1569 arg1 the 1556:1558 the 1556:1558 the 1556:1558 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 8 14 theme important 1448:1456 arg1 role 1458:1461 an important role 1445:1461 an important role 1445:1461 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 6 15 theme DMH 1221:1223 arg1 group 1225:1229 DMH group 1221:1229 DMH group 1221:1229 Butyric and propionic acids concentrations were increased after inulin supplementation in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 3 16 with group 524:528 arg1 dimethylhydrazine 547:563 dimethylhydrazine 547:563 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 547:569 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 16 with group 524:528 arg1 DMH+PRE 605:611 DMH+PRE 605:611 DMH+PRE 605:611 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 16 with group 524:528 arg1 prebiotic 594:602 prebiotic 594:602 prebiotic (DMH+PRE) 594:612 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 16 with group 524:528 arg1 DMH 586:588 DMH 586:588 DMH 586:588 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 16 with group 524:528 arg1 DMH 566:568 DMH 566:568 DMH 566:568 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 2 17 theme biochemical 306:316 arg1 markers 349:355 biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers 306:355 biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers 306:355 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 1 18 theme microbial 160:168 arg1 composition 170:180 microbial composition 160:180 microbial composition 160:180 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 7 19 theme colon 1335:1339 arg1 tissue 1341:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 4 20 theme fatty 708:712 arg1 acids 714:718 short chain fatty acids 696:718 short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 696:726 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 20 theme fatty 708:712 arg1 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 20 theme fatty 708:712 arg1 SCFAs 721:725 SCFAs 721:725 SCFAs 721:725 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 0 21 theme inulin 71:76 arg1 supplementation 78:92 inulin supplementation 71:92 inulin supplementation 71:92 Changes chemopreventive markers in colorectal cancer development after inulin supplementation. 24601699 5 22 theme fresh 1095:1099 arg1 digesta 1108:1114 fresh caecal digesta 1095:1114 fresh caecal digesta 1095:1114 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 2 23 theme prebiotic-inulin 286:301 arg1 Effect 276:281 OBJECTIVES Effect 265:281 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers 265:355 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 8 24 from use 1539:1541 arg1 prevention 1560:1569 prevention 1560:1569 prevention 1560:1569 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 8 24 from use 1539:1541 arg1 treatment 1574:1582 treatment 1574:1582 treatment 1574:1582 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 0 25 from Changes 0:6 arg1 development 53:63 colorectal cancer development 35:63 colorectal cancer development 35:63 Changes chemopreventive markers in colorectal cancer development after inulin supplementation. 24601699 2 26 dep induced 443:449 arg1 dimethylhydrazine 425:441 dimethylhydrazine 425:441 dimethylhydrazine 425:441 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 8 27 dep disease 1606:1612 arg1 Tab 1615:1617 Tab 1615:1617 Tab 1615:1617 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 4 28 from immunoreactivity 767:782 arg1 tissue 912:917 colon tissue 906:917 colon tissue 906:917 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 29 theme cyclooxygenase-2 787:802 arg1 immunoreactivity 767:782 immunoreactivity 767:782 immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue 767:917 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 29 theme cyclooxygenase-2 787:802 arg1 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 3 30 theme control 516:522 arg1 CG 531:532 CG 531:532 CG 531:532 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 30 theme control 516:522 arg1 groups 508:513 3 groups 506:513 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE) 506:612 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 30 theme control 516:522 arg1 group 524:528 control group 516:528 control group (CG) 516:533 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 5 31 from activity 1055:1062 arg1 digesta 1108:1114 fresh caecal digesta 1095:1114 fresh caecal digesta 1095:1114 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 1 32 theme BACKGROUND 95:104 arg1 compounds 122:130 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds 95:130 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics 95:149 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 1 32 theme BACKGROUND 95:104 arg1 prebiotics 140:149 prebiotics 140:149 prebiotics 140:149 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 3 33 theme METHODS 477:483 arg1 Rats 485:488 METHODS Rats 477:488 METHODS Rats 477:488 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 4 34 theme coliforms 739:747 arg1 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 34 theme coliforms 739:747 arg1 counts 729:734 counts 729:734 counts of coliforms and lactobacilli 729:764 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 1 35 theme dietary 114:120 arg1 compounds 122:130 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds 95:130 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics 95:149 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 1 35 theme dietary 114:120 arg1 prebiotics 140:149 prebiotics 140:149 prebiotics 140:149 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 7 36 theme positive 1317:1324 arg1 cells 1326:1330 positive cells 1317:1330 positive cells 1317:1330 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 4 37 theme lactobacilli 753:764 arg1 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 37 theme lactobacilli 753:764 arg1 counts 729:734 counts 729:734 counts of coliforms and lactobacilli 729:764 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 5 38 theme increased 1000:1008 arg1 p<0.001 1031:1037 p<0.001 1031:1037 p<0.001 1031:1037 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 5 38 theme increased 1000:1008 arg1 counts 1023:1028 increased lactobacilli counts 1000:1028 increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001) 1000:1038 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 8 39 theme inulin 1546:1551 arg1 use 1539:1541 the use 1535:1541 the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab 1535:1617 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 4 40 theme nuclear 827:833 arg1 NFκB 854:857 NFκB 854:857 NFκB 854:857 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 40 theme nuclear 827:833 arg1 beta 848:851 transcription nuclear factor kappa beta 813:851 transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) 813:858 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 0 41 theme colorectal 35:44 arg1 development 53:63 colorectal cancer development 35:63 colorectal cancer development 35:63 Changes chemopreventive markers in colorectal cancer development after inulin supplementation. 24601699 5 42 theme lactobacilli 1010:1021 arg1 p<0.001 1031:1037 p<0.001 1031:1037 p<0.001 1031:1037 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 5 42 theme lactobacilli 1010:1021 arg1 counts 1023:1028 increased lactobacilli counts 1000:1028 increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001) 1000:1038 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 7 43 from COX-2 1296:1300 arg1 tissue 1341:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 4 44 theme kappa 842:846 arg1 NFκB 854:857 NFκB 854:857 NFκB 854:857 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 44 theme kappa 842:846 arg1 beta 848:851 transcription nuclear factor kappa beta 813:851 transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) 813:858 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 7 45 from NFκB 1303:1306 arg1 tissue 1341:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 8 46 theme inflammatory 1587:1598 arg1 disease 1606:1612 inflammatory bowel disease 1587:1612 inflammatory bowel disease (Tab 1587:1617 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 4 47 theme transcription 813:825 arg1 NFκB 854:857 NFκB 854:857 NFκB 854:857 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 47 theme transcription 813:825 arg1 beta 848:851 transcription nuclear factor kappa beta 813:851 transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) 813:858 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 7 48 from iNOS 1312:1315 arg1 tissue 1341:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 4 49 theme prebiotic 635:643 arg1 inulin 645:650 the prebiotic inulin 631:650 the prebiotic inulin (PRE) 631:656 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 49 theme prebiotic 635:643 arg1 PRE 653:655 PRE 653:655 PRE 653:655 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 2 50 theme cancer 457:462 arg1 development 464:474 experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development 401:474 experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development 401:474 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 8 51 theme bowel 1600:1604 arg1 disease 1606:1612 inflammatory bowel disease 1587:1612 inflammatory bowel disease (Tab 1587:1617 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 2 52 theme induced 443:449 arg1 development 464:474 experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development 401:474 experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development 401:474 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 5 53 from counts 983:988 arg1 digesta 1108:1114 fresh caecal digesta 1095:1114 fresh caecal digesta 1095:1114 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 4 54 theme nitric 874:879 arg1 iNOS 897:900 iNOS 897:900 iNOS 897:900 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 54 theme nitric 874:879 arg1 synthase 887:894 inducible nitric oxide synthase 864:894 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 864:901 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 3 55 with group 536:540 arg1 dimethylhydrazine 547:563 dimethylhydrazine 547:563 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 547:569 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 55 with group 536:540 arg1 DMH+PRE 605:611 DMH+PRE 605:611 DMH+PRE 605:611 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 55 with group 536:540 arg1 prebiotic 594:602 prebiotic 594:602 prebiotic (DMH+PRE) 594:612 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 55 with group 536:540 arg1 DMH 586:588 DMH 586:588 DMH 586:588 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 55 with group 536:540 arg1 DMH 566:568 DMH 566:568 DMH 566:568 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 7 56 dep group 1369:1373 arg1 comparison 1351:1360 comparison 1351:1360 comparison 1351:1360 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 4 57 theme beta 848:851 arg1 immunoreactivity 767:782 immunoreactivity 767:782 immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue 767:917 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 57 theme beta 848:851 arg1 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 7 58 from immunoreactivity 1264:1279 arg1 tissue 1341:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 2 59 theme Sprague-Dawley 374:387 arg1 rats 389:392 Sprague-Dawley rats 374:392 Sprague-Dawley rats 374:392 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 1 60 theme cancer 210:215 arg1 development 217:227 the colon cancer development 200:227 the colon cancer development 200:227 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 7 61 from numbers 1285:1291 arg1 tissue 1341:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 colon tissue 1335:1346 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 6 62 theme propionic 1129:1137 arg1 acids 1139:1143 Butyric and propionic acids 1117:1143 Butyric and propionic acids concentrations 1117:1158 Butyric and propionic acids concentrations were increased after inulin supplementation in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 6 63 theme Butyric 1117:1123 arg1 acids 1139:1143 Butyric and propionic acids 1117:1143 Butyric and propionic acids concentrations 1117:1158 Butyric and propionic acids concentrations were increased after inulin supplementation in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 1 64 theme chemopreventive 242:256 arg1 agent 258:262 potential chemopreventive agent 232:262 potential chemopreventive agent 232:262 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 5 65 theme β-glucuronidase 1067:1081 arg1 activity 1055:1062 decreased activity 1045:1062 decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta 1045:1114 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 5 65 theme β-glucuronidase 1067:1081 arg1 p<0.001 1031:1037 p<0.001 1031:1037 p<0.001 1031:1037 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 5 65 theme β-glucuronidase 1067:1081 arg1 counts 1023:1028 increased lactobacilli counts 1000:1028 increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001) 1000:1038 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 5 65 theme β-glucuronidase 1067:1081 arg1 p<0.01 991:996 p<0.01 991:996 p<0.01 991:996 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 5 65 theme β-glucuronidase 1067:1081 arg1 counts 983:988 coliforms counts 973:988 coliforms counts (p<0.01) 973:997 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 2 66 theme OBJECTIVES 265:274 arg1 Effect 276:281 OBJECTIVES Effect 265:281 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers 265:355 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 4 67 theme synthase 887:894 arg1 immunoreactivity 767:782 immunoreactivity 767:782 immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue 767:917 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 67 theme synthase 887:894 arg1 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 7 68 theme DMH 1365:1367 arg1 group 1369:1373 DMH group 1365:1373 DMH group 1365:1373 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 8 69 theme inflammatory 1492:1503 arg1 process 1505:1511 the inflammatory process 1488:1511 the inflammatory process 1488:1511 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 6 70 theme inulin 1181:1186 arg1 supplementation 1188:1202 inulin supplementation 1181:1202 inulin supplementation 1181:1202 Butyric and propionic acids concentrations were increased after inulin supplementation in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 4 71 theme chain 702:706 arg1 acids 714:718 short chain fatty acids 696:718 short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 696:726 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 71 theme chain 702:706 arg1 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 β-glucuronidase 679:693 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 71 theme chain 702:706 arg1 SCFAs 721:725 SCFAs 721:725 SCFAs 721:725 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 5 72 theme caecal 1101:1106 arg1 digesta 1108:1114 fresh caecal digesta 1095:1114 fresh caecal digesta 1095:1114 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 4 73 from efficacy 619:626 arg1 activities 665:674 the activities 661:674 the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue 661:917 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 5 74 theme coliforms 973:981 arg1 p<0.01 991:996 p<0.01 991:996 p<0.01 991:996 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 5 74 theme coliforms 973:981 arg1 counts 983:988 coliforms counts 973:988 coliforms counts (p<0.01) 973:997 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 7 75 from tissue 1341:1346 arg1 numbers 1285:1291 numbers 1285:1291 numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue 1285:1346 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 7 75 from tissue 1341:1346 arg1 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 0 76 theme chemopreventive 8:22 arg1 markers 24:30 chemopreventive markers 8:30 chemopreventive markers 8:30 Changes chemopreventive markers in colorectal cancer development after inulin supplementation. 24601699 1 77 theme Natural 106:112 arg1 compounds 122:130 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds 95:130 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics 95:149 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 1 77 theme Natural 106:112 arg1 prebiotics 140:149 prebiotics 140:149 prebiotics 140:149 BACKGROUND Natural dietary compounds such as prebiotics modulate microbial composition and could prevent the colon cancer development as potential chemopreventive agent. 24601699 2 78 from Effect 276:281 arg1 markers 349:355 biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers 306:355 biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers 306:355 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 7 79 theme iNOS 1312:1315 arg1 numbers 1285:1291 numbers 1285:1291 numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue 1285:1346 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 7 79 theme iNOS 1312:1315 arg1 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 5 80 theme RESULTS 934:940 arg1 Inulin 942:947 RESULTS Inulin 934:947 RESULTS Inulin 934:947 RESULTS Inulin significantly decreased coliforms counts (p<0.01), increased lactobacilli counts (p<0.001), and decreased activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.01) in fresh caecal digesta. 24601699 7 81 theme NFκB 1303:1306 arg1 numbers 1285:1291 numbers 1285:1291 numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue 1285:1346 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 7 81 theme NFκB 1303:1306 arg1 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 0 82 theme cancer 46:51 arg1 development 53:63 colorectal cancer development 35:63 colorectal cancer development 35:63 Changes chemopreventive markers in colorectal cancer development after inulin supplementation. 24601699 3 83 dep groups 508:513 arg1 CG 531:532 CG 531:532 CG 531:532 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 83 dep groups 508:513 arg1 group 536:540 group 536:540 group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 536:569 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 83 dep groups 508:513 arg1 group 524:528 control group 516:528 control group (CG) 516:533 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 83 dep groups 508:513 arg1 groups 508:513 3 groups 506:513 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE) 506:612 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 3 83 dep groups 508:513 arg1 group 575:579 group 575:579 group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE) 575:612 METHODS Rats were divided to 3 groups: control group (CG), group with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and group with DMH and prebiotic (DMH+PRE). 24601699 7 84 theme COX-2 1296:1300 arg1 numbers 1285:1291 numbers 1285:1291 numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue 1285:1346 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 7 84 theme COX-2 1296:1300 arg1 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 immunoreactivity 1264:1279 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 8 85 theme CONCLUSION 1376:1385 arg1 Inulin 1387:1392 CONCLUSION Inulin 1376:1392 CONCLUSION Inulin 1376:1392 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 9 86 dep Ref 1631:1633 arg1 Fig. 1623:1626 Fig. 1623:1626 Fig. 1623:1626 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 24601699 9 86 dep Ref 1631:1633 arg1 1 1620:1620 1 1620:1620 1 1620:1620 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 24601699 4 87 theme factor 835:840 arg1 NFκB 854:857 NFκB 854:857 NFκB 854:857 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 4 87 theme factor 835:840 arg1 beta 848:851 transcription nuclear factor kappa beta 813:851 transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) 813:858 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 2 88 theme experimental 401:412 arg1 development 464:474 experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development 401:474 experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development 401:474 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 24601699 7 89 dep COX-2 1296:1300 arg1 cells 1326:1330 positive cells 1317:1330 positive cells 1317:1330 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 4 90 theme inulin 645:650 arg1 efficacy 619:626 The efficacy 615:626 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue 615:917 The efficacy of the prebiotic inulin (PRE) on the activities of β-glucuronidase, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), counts of coliforms and lactobacilli, immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcription nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon tissue were examined. 24601699 7 91 theme inulin 1247:1252 arg1 Application 1232:1242 Application 1232:1242 Application of inulin 1232:1252 Application of inulin decreased immunoreactivity and numbers of COX-2, NFκB and iNOS positive cells in colon tissue in comparison to DMH group. 24601699 8 92 theme disease 1606:1612 arg1 prevention 1560:1569 prevention 1560:1569 prevention 1560:1569 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 8 92 theme disease 1606:1612 arg1 treatment 1574:1582 treatment 1574:1582 treatment 1574:1582 CONCLUSION Inulin suppressed expression observed markers, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and in the inflammatory process, which predisposes to the use of inulin in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (Tab. 24601699 2 93 theme colon 451:455 arg1 development 464:474 experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development 401:474 experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development 401:474 OBJECTIVES Effect of prebiotic-inulin on biochemical, microbial and chemopreventive markers were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats during experimental chemically dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer development. 27318477 0 0 link O-linked 224:231 arg1 glycans 246:252 mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans 211:252 mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans 211:252 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 8 1 theme lectins 2337:2343 arg1 application 2322:2332 the potential application 2308:2332 the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research 2308:2370 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 5 2 with compounds 1389:1397 arg1 LacNAc 1412:1417 6-sulfo LacNAc 1404:1417 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding 1404:1445 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 8 3 theme glycoconjugate 2348:2361 arg1 research 2363:2370 glycoconjugate research 2348:2370 glycoconjugate research 2348:2370 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 6 4 gly asialoglycopeptide 1975:1992 arg2 asialoglycopeptide 1975:1992 Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % 1955:1998 Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % after α-2-3 1955:2010 RCA-I binds Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % after α-2-3 and 25 % after α-2-6 sialylation, 30 % after α-1-2 and 100 % after α-1-3 fucosylation, and 50 % after α-1-3 galactosylation. 27318477 7 5 theme 3-but 2147:2151 arg1 core 2178:2181 3-but not 6-Fucosyl chitobiose core 2147:2181 3-but not 6-Fucosyl chitobiose core 2147:2181 WGA binds 3-but not 6-Fucosyl chitobiose core. 27318477 5 6 theme Fucα-1-2 1806:1813 arg1 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc 1815:1830 Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc 1806:1830 Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc 1806:1830 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 7 theme α2-3-sialyl 1642:1652 arg1 T-hapten 1654:1661 α2-3-sialyl T-hapten 1642:1661 α2-3-sialyl T-hapten 1642:1661 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 8 theme α2-3-sialyl 1773:1783 arg1 GalNAc 1795:1800 α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc 1773:1800 α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc 1773:1800 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 4 9 gly glycopeptides 869:881 arg2 glycopeptides 869:881 glycopeptides 869:881 glycopeptides 869:881 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 5 10 dep containing 1464:1473 arg1 non-binding 1574:1584 non-binding 1574:1584 non-binding 1574:1584 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 6 11 theme asialoglycopeptide 1975:1992 arg1 % 1998:1998 Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % 1955:1998 Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % after α-2-3 1955:2010 RCA-I binds Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % after α-2-3 and 25 % after α-2-6 sialylation, 30 % after α-1-2 and 100 % after α-1-3 fucosylation, and 50 % after α-1-3 galactosylation. 27318477 2 12 from sequences 474:482 arg1 core 493:496 mucin core 2 487:498 mucin core 2 487:498 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 2 12 from sequences 474:482 arg1 tissues 565:571 healthy and malignant tissues 543:571 healthy and malignant tissues 543:571 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 5 13 theme regular 1094:1100 arg1 binding 1102:1108 regular binding 1094:1108 regular binding to PNA 1094:1115 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 14 theme GalNAc 1863:1868 arg1 LewisX 1870:1875 regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα 1843:1913 LewisX 1870:1875 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 0 15 theme O-linked 224:231 arg1 glycans 246:252 mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans 211:252 mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans 211:252 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 8 16 from research 2363:2370 arg1 application 2322:2332 the potential application 2308:2332 the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research 2308:2370 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 8 17 theme complex 2222:2228 arg1 constituents 2249:2260 complex carbohydrate chain constituents 2222:2260 complex carbohydrate chain constituents 2222:2260 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 4 18 theme carbohydrate-lectin 712:730 arg1 interactions 732:743 the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions 700:743 the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA 700:955 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 0 19 theme N-linked 237:244 arg1 glycans 246:252 mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans 211:252 mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans 211:252 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 8 20 theme chain 2243:2247 arg1 constituents 2249:2260 complex carbohydrate chain constituents 2222:2260 complex carbohydrate chain constituents 2222:2260 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 3 21 used used 583:586 arg2 They 574:577 They 574:577 They 574:577 They are used in characterizing cellular and extracellular glycoconjugates modified in pathological processes. 27318477 5 22 with compounds 1125:1133 arg1 LacNAc 1148:1153 6-sulfo LacNAc 1140:1153 6-sulfo LacNAc 1140:1153 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 23 theme α1-3-Galactosyl 1059:1073 arg1 LacNAc 1075:1080 α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc 1059:1080 α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc 1059:1080 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 6 24 theme triantennary 1962:1973 arg1 % 1998:1998 Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % 1955:1998 Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % after α-2-3 1955:2010 RCA-I binds Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % after α-2-3 and 25 % after α-2-6 sialylation, 30 % after α-1-2 and 100 % after α-1-3 fucosylation, and 50 % after α-1-3 galactosylation. 27318477 0 25 theme binding 164:170 arg1 specificities 172:184 the binding specificities 160:184 the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures 160:275 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 2 26 theme N-glycan 516:523 arg1 chain 525:529 complex-type N-glycan chain 503:529 complex-type N-glycan chain 503:529 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 5 27 dep strucures 1182:1190 arg1 ii 1178:1179 ii 1178:1179 ii 1178:1179 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 4 28 theme core 797:800 arg1 GalNAcα-O-R 846:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 5 29 theme sulfo 1673:1677 arg1 LacNAc 1679:1684 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc 1668:1684 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc 1668:1684 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 1 30 theme quaternary 318:327 arg1 structures 329:338 their multivalent quaternary structures 300:338 their multivalent quaternary structures 300:338 Plant lectins through their multivalent quaternary structures bind intrinsically flexible oligosaccharides. 27318477 6 31 theme α-1-3 2079:2083 arg1 fucosylation 2085:2096 α-1-3 fucosylation 2079:2096 α-1-3 fucosylation 2079:2096 RCA-I binds Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % after α-2-3 and 25 % after α-2-6 sialylation, 30 % after α-1-2 and 100 % after α-1-3 fucosylation, and 50 % after α-1-3 galactosylation. 27318477 0 32 theme lectins 195:201 arg1 specificities 172:184 the binding specificities 160:184 the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures 160:275 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 8 33 from influence 2209:2217 arg1 binding 2272:2278 lectin binding 2265:2278 lectin binding 2265:2278 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 0 34 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 interactions 6:17 Novel interactions 0:17 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) 0:131 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 5 35 theme 6-sulfo 1535:1541 arg1 LacNAc 1543:1548 α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc 1521:1548 α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc 1521:1548 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 2 36 theme fine 401:404 arg1 differences 417:427 fine structural differences 401:427 fine structural differences in carbohydrates 401:444 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 5 37 theme mucin 970:974 arg1 structures 1003:1012 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures 970:1012 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc 970:1045 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 2 38 theme different 464:472 arg1 sequences 474:482 different sequences 464:482 different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues 464:571 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 5 39 theme /6 1670:1671 arg1 LacNAc 1679:1684 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc 1668:1684 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc 1668:1684 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 0 40 theme carbohydrates 30:42 arg1 interactions 6:17 Novel interactions 0:17 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) 0:131 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 5 41 theme α2-3/6-Sialyl 1026:1038 arg1 LacNAc 1040:1045 α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc 1026:1045 α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc 1026:1045 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 42 theme α2-3/6-sialyl 1499:1511 arg1 LacNAc 1513:1518 α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc 1499:1518 α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc 1499:1518 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 43 theme tight 1928:1932 arg1 binding 1934:1940 tight binding 1928:1940 tight binding 1928:1940 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 4 44 dep GalNAcα-O-R 846:856 arg1 glycopeptides 869:881 glycopeptides 869:881 glycopeptides 869:881 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 45 theme tetrasaccharide 804:818 arg1 GalNAcα-O-R 846:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 5 46 theme 6-sulfo 1404:1410 arg1 LacNAc 1412:1417 6-sulfo LacNAc 1404:1417 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding 1404:1445 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 47 theme 6-sialyl 1231:1238 arg1 carbohydrates 1249:1261 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates 1231:1261 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates 1231:1261 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 8 48 theme potential 2312:2320 arg1 application 2322:2332 the potential application 2308:2332 the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research 2308:2370 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 5 49 theme β-1-3 1901:1905 arg1 GalNAcα 1907:1913 regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα 1843:1913 GalNAcα 1907:1913 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 50 theme 6-sulfo 1212:1218 arg1 LacNAc 1220:1225 α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc 1200:1225 α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc 1200:1225 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 51 theme 6-sulfo 1140:1146 arg1 LacNAc 1148:1153 6-sulfo LacNAc 1140:1153 6-sulfo LacNAc 1140:1153 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 52 with compounds 1714:1722 arg1 GalNAc 1795:1800 α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc 1773:1800 α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc 1773:1800 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 52 with compounds 1714:1722 arg1 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc 1815:1830 Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc 1806:1830 Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc 1806:1830 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 52 with compounds 1714:1722 arg1 T-hapten 1741:1748 α2-3-sialyl T-hapten 1729:1748 α2-3-sialyl T-hapten 1729:1748 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 52 with compounds 1714:1722 arg1 LacdiNAc 1763:1770 α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc 1751:1770 α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc 1751:1770 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 53 theme D-Fucβ1-3 1785:1793 arg1 GalNAc 1795:1800 α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc 1773:1800 α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc 1773:1800 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 4 54 theme agarose-immobilized 903:921 arg1 RCA-I 936:940 RCA-I 936:940 RCA-I 936:940 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 54 theme agarose-immobilized 903:921 arg1 PNA 931:933 PNA 931:933 PNA 931:933 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 54 theme agarose-immobilized 903:921 arg1 WGA 953:955 WGA 953:955 WGA 953:955 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 54 theme agarose-immobilized 903:921 arg1 SNA-I 943:947 SNA-I 943:947 SNA-I 943:947 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 54 theme agarose-immobilized 903:921 arg1 lectins 923:929 agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA 903:955 agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA 903:955 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 3 55 theme pathological 661:672 arg1 processes 674:682 pathological processes 661:682 pathological processes 661:682 They are used in characterizing cellular and extracellular glycoconjugates modified in pathological processes. 27318477 5 56 theme α2.6-Sialyl 1751:1761 arg1 LacdiNAc 1763:1770 α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc 1751:1770 α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc 1751:1770 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 8 57 from lectins 2337:2343 arg1 research 2363:2370 glycoconjugate research 2348:2370 glycoconjugate research 2348:2370 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 5 58 theme weak 1434:1437 arg1 binding 1439:1445 weak binding 1434:1445 weak binding 1434:1445 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 8 59 from application 2322:2332 arg1 research 2363:2370 glycoconjugate research 2348:2370 glycoconjugate research 2348:2370 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 5 60 theme α2-3-sialyl 1729:1739 arg1 T-hapten 1741:1748 α2-3-sialyl T-hapten 1729:1748 α2-3-sialyl T-hapten 1729:1748 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 3 61 dep cellular 606:613 arg1 glycoconjugates 633:647 glycoconjugates 633:647 cellular and extracellular glycoconjugates modified in pathological processes 606:682 They are used in characterizing cellular and extracellular glycoconjugates modified in pathological processes. 27318477 5 62 theme α1-3-Galactosyl 1618:1632 arg1 LacNAc 1634:1639 α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc 1618:1639 α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc 1618:1639 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 7 63 dep 3-but 2147:2151 arg1 6-Fucosyl 2157:2165 6-Fucosyl 2157:2165 6-Fucosyl 2157:2165 WGA binds 3-but not 6-Fucosyl chitobiose core. 27318477 4 64 from GalNAcα-O-R 846:856 arg1 effects 764:770 the effects 760:770 the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA 760:955 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 5 65 dep structures 1453:1462 arg1 iv 1449:1450 iv 1449:1450 iv 1449:1450 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 2 66 theme malignant 555:563 arg1 tissues 565:571 healthy and malignant tissues 543:571 healthy and malignant tissues 543:571 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 4 67 theme complex 704:710 arg1 interactions 732:743 the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions 700:743 the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA 700:955 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 5 68 theme LacdiNAc 1240:1247 arg1 carbohydrates 1249:1261 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates 1231:1261 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates 1231:1261 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 0 69 theme wheat 116:120 arg1 WGA 128:130 WGA 128:130 WGA 128:130 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 0 69 theme wheat 116:120 arg1 germ 122:125 wheat germ 116:125 wheat germ (WGA) 116:131 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 0 69 theme wheat 116:120 arg1 peanut 49:54 peanut 49:54 peanut (PNA) 49:60 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 2 70 theme healthy 543:549 arg1 tissues 565:571 healthy and malignant tissues 543:571 healthy and malignant tissues 543:571 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 8 71 theme carbohydrate 2230:2241 arg1 constituents 2249:2260 complex carbohydrate chain constituents 2222:2260 complex carbohydrate chain constituents 2222:2260 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 6 72 theme Fetuin 1955:1960 arg1 % 1998:1998 Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % 1955:1998 Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % after α-2-3 1955:2010 RCA-I binds Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % after α-2-3 and 25 % after α-2-6 sialylation, 30 % after α-1-2 and 100 % after α-1-3 fucosylation, and 50 % after α-1-3 galactosylation. 27318477 5 73 theme regular 1843:1849 arg1 binding 1851:1857 regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα 1843:1913 binding 1851:1857 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 2 74 theme mucin 487:491 arg1 core 493:496 mucin core 2 487:498 mucin core 2 487:498 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 2 75 from differences 417:427 arg1 carbohydrates 432:444 carbohydrates 432:444 carbohydrates 432:444 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 8 76 theme constituents 2249:2260 arg1 influence 2209:2217 the influence 2205:2217 the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding 2205:2278 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 5 77 theme strong 1273:1278 arg1 binding 1280:1286 strong binding 1273:1286 strong binding to SNA-I 1273:1295 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 1 78 theme Plant 278:282 arg1 lectins 284:290 Plant lectins 278:290 Plant lectins through their multivalent quaternary structures 278:338 Plant lectins through their multivalent quaternary structures bind intrinsically flexible oligosaccharides. 27318477 0 79 theme related 258:264 arg1 structures 266:275 related structures 258:275 related structures 258:275 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 8 80 from information 2190:2200 arg1 influence 2209:2217 the influence 2205:2217 the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding 2205:2278 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 5 81 theme 6-Sulfo 1483:1489 arg1 LewisX 1491:1496 6-Sulfo LewisX 1483:1496 6-Sulfo LewisX 1483:1496 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 82 theme core 976:979 arg1 structures 1003:1012 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures 970:1012 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc 970:1045 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 2 83 theme complex-type 503:514 arg1 chain 525:529 complex-type N-glycan chain 503:529 complex-type N-glycan chain 503:529 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 4 84 theme substituents 775:786 arg1 effects 764:770 the effects 760:770 the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA 760:955 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 5 85 theme α1-3Gal 1335:1341 arg1 LacNAc 1343:1348 α1-3Gal LacNAc 1335:1348 α1-3Gal LacNAc 1335:1348 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 1 86 theme multivalent 306:316 arg1 structures 329:338 their multivalent quaternary structures 300:338 their multivalent quaternary structures 300:338 Plant lectins through their multivalent quaternary structures bind intrinsically flexible oligosaccharides. 27318477 4 87 from substituents 775:786 arg1 fetuin 862:867 fetuin 862:867 fetuin 862:867 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 87 from substituents 775:786 arg1 GalNAcα-O-R 846:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 5 88 theme tetrasaccharide 983:997 arg1 structures 1003:1012 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures 970:1012 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc 970:1045 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 4 89 theme mucin 791:795 arg1 GalNAcα-O-R 846:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 90 from fetuin 862:867 arg1 effects 764:770 the effects 760:770 the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA 760:955 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 91 from effects 764:770 arg1 fetuin 862:867 fetuin 862:867 fetuin 862:867 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 91 from effects 764:770 arg1 GalNAcα-O-R 846:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 91 from effects 764:770 arg1 binding 892:898 their binding 886:898 their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA 886:955 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 5 92 theme weak 1696:1699 arg1 binding 1701:1707 weak binding 1696:1707 weak binding 1696:1707 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 0 93 theme complex 22:28 arg1 carbohydrates 30:42 complex carbohydrates 22:42 complex carbohydrates 22:42 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 2 94 theme structural 406:415 arg1 differences 417:427 fine structural differences 401:427 fine structural differences in carbohydrates 401:444 They recognize fine structural differences in carbohydrates and interact with different sequences in mucin core 2 or complex-type N-glycan chain and also in healthy and malignant tissues. 27318477 4 95 dep lectins 923:929 arg1 RCA-I 936:940 RCA-I 936:940 RCA-I 936:940 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 95 dep lectins 923:929 arg1 PNA 931:933 PNA 931:933 PNA 931:933 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 95 dep lectins 923:929 arg1 WGA 953:955 WGA 953:955 WGA 953:955 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 95 dep lectins 923:929 arg1 SNA-I 943:947 SNA-I 943:947 SNA-I 943:947 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 4 95 dep lectins 923:929 arg1 lectins 923:929 agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA 903:955 agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA 903:955 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 5 96 theme α2-6-sialyl 1200:1210 arg1 LacNAc 1220:1225 α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc 1200:1225 α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc 1200:1225 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 8 97 theme lectin 2265:2270 arg1 binding 2272:2278 lectin binding 2265:2278 lectin binding 2265:2278 Thus, information on the influence of complex carbohydrate chain constituents on lectin binding is apparently essential for the potential application of lectins in glycoconjugate research. 27318477 5 98 theme GalNAc 1554:1559 arg1 Lewis-a 1561:1567 GalNAc Lewis-a 1554:1567 GalNAc Lewis-a 1554:1567 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 4 99 theme Galβ1-3 838:844 arg1 GalNAcα-O-R 846:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 27318477 0 100 with interactions 6:17 arg1 nigra 98:102 Sambucus nigra 89:102 Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) 89:110 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 0 100 with interactions 6:17 arg1 PNA 57:59 PNA 57:59 PNA 57:59 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 0 100 with interactions 6:17 arg1 peanut 49:54 peanut 49:54 peanut (PNA) 49:60 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 0 100 with interactions 6:17 arg1 germ 122:125 wheat germ 116:125 wheat germ (WGA) 116:131 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 0 100 with interactions 6:17 arg1 communis 71:78 Ricinus communis 63:78 Ricinus communis (RCA-I) 63:86 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 5 101 with structures 1304:1313 arg1 α2-3/6-sialyl 1320:1332 α2-3/6-sialyl 1320:1332 α2-3/6-sialyl 1320:1332 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 101 with structures 1304:1313 arg1 LacNAc 1343:1348 α1-3Gal LacNAc 1335:1348 α1-3Gal LacNAc 1335:1348 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 101 with structures 1304:1313 arg1 LewisX 1353:1358 LewisX 1353:1358 LewisX 1353:1358 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 7 102 theme chitobiose 2167:2176 arg1 core 2178:2181 3-but not 6-Fucosyl chitobiose core 2147:2181 3-but not 6-Fucosyl chitobiose core 2147:2181 WGA binds 3-but not 6-Fucosyl chitobiose core. 27318477 6 103 theme α-1-3 2114:2118 arg1 galactosylation 2120:2134 α-1-3 galactosylation 2114:2134 α-1-3 galactosylation 2114:2134 RCA-I binds Fetuin triantennary asialoglycopeptide 100 % after α-2-3 and 25 % after α-2-6 sialylation, 30 % after α-1-2 and 100 % after α-1-3 fucosylation, and 50 % after α-1-3 galactosylation. 27318477 5 104 theme i 1000:1000 arg1 structures 1003:1012 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures 970:1012 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc 970:1045 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 105 theme α2-3/6-sialyl 1521:1533 arg1 LacNAc 1543:1548 α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc 1521:1548 α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc 1521:1548 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 106 theme D-Fuc 1895:1899 arg1 GalNAcα 1907:1913 regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα 1843:1913 GalNAcα 1907:1913 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 107 with RCA-I 1379:1383 arg1 LacNAc 1412:1417 6-sulfo LacNAc 1404:1417 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding 1404:1445 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 0 108 link N-linked 237:244 arg1 glycans 246:252 mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans 211:252 mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans 211:252 Novel interactions of complex carbohydrates with peanut (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins as revealed by the binding specificities of these lectins towards mucin core-2 O-linked and N-linked glycans and related structures. 27318477 5 109 with WGA 1589:1591 arg1 GalNAc 1795:1800 α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc 1773:1800 α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc 1773:1800 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 109 with WGA 1589:1591 arg1 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc 1815:1830 Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc 1806:1830 Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc 1806:1830 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 109 with WGA 1589:1591 arg1 T-hapten 1741:1748 α2-3-sialyl T-hapten 1729:1748 α2-3-sialyl T-hapten 1729:1748 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 5 109 with WGA 1589:1591 arg1 LacdiNAc 1763:1770 α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc 1751:1770 α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc 1751:1770 Briefly, in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide (i) structures modified by α2-3/6-Sialyl LacNAc, LewisX and α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc resulted in regular binding to PNA whereas compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc displayed no-binding; (ii) strucures bearing α2-6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc, or 6-sialyl LacdiNAc carbohydrates displayed strong binding to SNA-I; (iii) structures with α2-3/6-sialyl, α1-3Gal LacNAc or LewisX were non-binder to RCA-I and compounds with 6-sulfo LacNAc only displayed weak binding; (iv) structures containing LewisX, 6-Sulfo LewisX, α2-3/6-sialyl LacNAc, α2-3/6-sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc and GalNAc Lewis-a were non-binding to WGA, those with α1-2Fucosyl, α1-3-Galactosyl LacNAc, α2-3-sialyl T-hapten plus 3'/6'sulfo LacNAc displayed weak binding, and compounds with α2-3-sialyl T-hapten, α2.6-Sialyl LacdiNAc, α2-3-sialyl D-Fucβ1-3 GalNAc and Fucα-1-2 D-Fucβ-1-3GalNAc displaying regular binding and GalNAc LewisX and LacdiNAc plus D-Fuc β-1-3 GalNAcα resulting in tight binding. 27318477 1 110 theme flexible 359:366 arg1 oligosaccharides 368:383 intrinsically flexible oligosaccharides 345:383 intrinsically flexible oligosaccharides 345:383 Plant lectins through their multivalent quaternary structures bind intrinsically flexible oligosaccharides. 27318477 4 111 theme Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6 820:836 arg1 GalNAcα-O-R 846:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R 791:856 We study here, the complex carbohydrate-lectin interactions by determining the effects of substituents in mucin core 2 tetrasaccharide Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-R and fetuin glycopeptides on their binding to agarose-immobilized lectins PNA, RCA-I, SNA-I and WGA. 26825634 7 0 theme blood 1220:1224 arg1 flow 1226:1229 renal blood flow 1214:1229 renal blood flow 1214:1229 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate was more effective at improving arterial pressures and renal blood flow than 0.9% NaCl or FB-Cxt. 26825634 10 1 from acidosis 1561:1568 arg1 injury 1607:1612 renal injury 1601:1612 renal injury 1601:1612 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis and decreases in renal μPO2 or renal injury were not corrected solely by fluid resuscitation, irrespective of the buffer of the fluid. 26825634 10 1 from acidosis 1561:1568 arg1 μPO2 1593:1596 renal μPO2 1587:1596 renal μPO2 1587:1596 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis and decreases in renal μPO2 or renal injury were not corrected solely by fluid resuscitation, irrespective of the buffer of the fluid. 26825634 3 2 theme sodium 651:656 arg1 NaCl 673:676 0.9% NaCl 668:676 0.9% NaCl 668:676 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 3 2 theme sodium 651:656 arg1 chloride 658:665 0.9% sodium chloride 646:665 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) 646:677 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 10 3 from decreases 1574:1582 arg1 injury 1607:1612 renal injury 1601:1612 renal injury 1601:1612 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis and decreases in renal μPO2 or renal injury were not corrected solely by fluid resuscitation, irrespective of the buffer of the fluid. 26825634 10 3 from decreases 1574:1582 arg1 μPO2 1593:1596 renal μPO2 1587:1596 renal μPO2 1587:1596 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis and decreases in renal μPO2 or renal injury were not corrected solely by fluid resuscitation, irrespective of the buffer of the fluid. 26825634 2 4 theme fluids 363:368 arg1 types 340:344 different types 330:344 different types of resuscitation fluids 330:368 This study investigated whether different types of resuscitation fluids were effective in improving renal microcirculatory oxygenation, acidosis, oxidative stress, and renal function in a rat model of endotoxemic shock. 26825634 3 5 theme 0.9 646:648 arg1 % 649:649 % 649:649 % 649:649 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 3 6 theme % 671:671 arg1 NaCl 673:676 0.9% NaCl 668:676 0.9% NaCl 668:676 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 3 6 theme % 671:671 arg1 chloride 658:665 0.9% sodium chloride 646:665 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) 646:677 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 9 7 theme renal 1403:1407 arg1 stress 1419:1424 renal oxidative stress 1403:1424 renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001) 1403:1436 Colloids increased the markers of renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001), whereas unbalanced crystalloids increased the markers of nitrosative stress during sepsis (P < 0.01). 26825634 9 7 theme renal 1403:1407 arg1 P < 0.001 1427:1435 P < 0.001 1427:1435 P < 0.001 1427:1435 Colloids increased the markers of renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001), whereas unbalanced crystalloids increased the markers of nitrosative stress during sepsis (P < 0.01). 26825634 4 8 theme hemodynamic 841:851 arg1 variables 853:861 Systemic hemodynamic variables 832:861 Systemic hemodynamic variables 832:861 Systemic hemodynamic variables, renal blood flow, microvascular oxygenation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and renal function were measured. 26825634 6 9 theme venous 1107:1112 arg1 pressure 1114:1121 adequate central venous pressure 1090:1121 adequate central venous pressure 1090:1121 Animals became arterially hypotensive despite adequate central venous pressure. 26825634 3 10 theme rats 533:536 arg1 rats 533:536 rats 533:536 rats 533:536 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 3 10 theme rats 533:536 arg1 groups 523:528 Five groups 518:528 Five groups of rats 518:536 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 9 11 theme stress 1419:1424 arg1 markers 1392:1398 the markers 1388:1398 the markers of renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001) 1388:1436 Colloids increased the markers of renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001), whereas unbalanced crystalloids increased the markers of nitrosative stress during sepsis (P < 0.01). 26825634 3 12 used used 543:546 arg2 rats 533:536 rats 533:536 rats 533:536 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 3 12 used used 543:546 arg2 groups 523:528 Five groups 518:528 Five groups of rats 518:536 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 10 13 theme renal 1587:1591 arg1 μPO2 1593:1596 renal μPO2 1587:1596 renal μPO2 1587:1596 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis and decreases in renal μPO2 or renal injury were not corrected solely by fluid resuscitation, irrespective of the buffer of the fluid. 26825634 11 14 theme other 1770:1774 arg1 compounds 1776:1784 other compounds 1770:1784 other compounds that specifically correct renal inflammation and oxygenation to be effective in resolving septic shock-induced renal failure 1770:1909 Our study supported the idea that fluids must be supplemented by other compounds that specifically correct renal inflammation and oxygenation to be effective in resolving septic shock-induced renal failure. 26825634 0 15 theme Endotoxemia 110:120 arg1 Model 101:105 a Rat Model 95:105 a Rat Model of Endotoxemia 95:120 Fully Balanced Fluids do not Improve Microvascular Oxygenation, Acidosis and Renal Function in a Rat Model of Endotoxemia. 26825634 8 16 contain had 1264:1266 arg1 Fluids 1257:1262 Fluids 1257:1262 Fluids 1257:1262 Fluids had marginal effects on pH and HCO3 levels irrespective of the buffer, or on renal μPO2 and dysfunction. 26825634 8 16 contain had 1264:1266 arg2 effects 1277:1283 marginal effects 1268:1283 marginal effects 1268:1283 Fluids had marginal effects on pH and HCO3 levels irrespective of the buffer, or on renal μPO2 and dysfunction. 26825634 5 17 theme LPS-induced 973:983 arg1 shock 985:989 LPS-induced shock 973:989 LPS-induced shock 973:989 LPS-induced shock was only partially resolved by fluid administration. 26825634 9 18 dep increased 1378:1386 arg1 whereas 1439:1445 whereas 1439:1445 whereas 1439:1445 Colloids increased the markers of renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001), whereas unbalanced crystalloids increased the markers of nitrosative stress during sepsis (P < 0.01). 26825634 8 19 theme marginal 1268:1275 arg1 effects 1277:1283 marginal effects 1268:1283 marginal effects 1268:1283 Fluids had marginal effects on pH and HCO3 levels irrespective of the buffer, or on renal μPO2 and dysfunction. 26825634 3 20 theme crystalloid 707:717 arg1 solution 719:726 a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution 680:726 a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) 680:780 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 1 21 from patients 159:166 arg1 expectation 127:137 The expectation 123:137 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock 123:184 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock is that it corrects hypovolemia, with the aim of restoring tissue perfusion and oxygenation and organ function. 26825634 9 22 theme unbalanced 1447:1456 arg1 crystalloids 1458:1469 unbalanced crystalloids 1447:1469 unbalanced crystalloids 1447:1469 Colloids increased the markers of renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001), whereas unbalanced crystalloids increased the markers of nitrosative stress during sepsis (P < 0.01). 26825634 11 23 theme renal 1897:1901 arg1 failure 1903:1909 septic shock-induced renal failure 1876:1909 septic shock-induced renal failure 1876:1909 Our study supported the idea that fluids must be supplemented by other compounds that specifically correct renal inflammation and oxygenation to be effective in resolving septic shock-induced renal failure. 26825634 3 24 theme bicarbonate 686:696 arg1 solution 719:726 a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution 680:726 a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) 680:780 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 7 25 theme renal 1214:1218 arg1 flow 1226:1229 renal blood flow 1214:1229 renal blood flow 1214:1229 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate was more effective at improving arterial pressures and renal blood flow than 0.9% NaCl or FB-Cxt. 26825634 1 26 from therapy 148:154 arg1 patients 159:166 patients 159:166 patients with septic shock 159:184 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock is that it corrects hypovolemia, with the aim of restoring tissue perfusion and oxygenation and organ function. 26825634 4 27 theme oxidative/nitrosative 909:929 arg1 stress 931:936 oxidative/nitrosative stress 909:936 oxidative/nitrosative stress 909:936 Systemic hemodynamic variables, renal blood flow, microvascular oxygenation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and renal function were measured. 26825634 1 28 theme fluid 142:146 arg1 therapy 148:154 fluid therapy 142:154 fluid therapy in patients with septic shock 142:184 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock is that it corrects hypovolemia, with the aim of restoring tissue perfusion and oxygenation and organ function. 26825634 2 29 theme endotoxemic 499:509 arg1 shock 511:515 endotoxemic shock 499:515 endotoxemic shock 499:515 This study investigated whether different types of resuscitation fluids were effective in improving renal microcirculatory oxygenation, acidosis, oxidative stress, and renal function in a rat model of endotoxemic shock. 26825634 9 30 theme nitrosative 1496:1506 arg1 stress 1508:1513 nitrosative stress 1496:1513 nitrosative stress 1496:1513 Colloids increased the markers of renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001), whereas unbalanced crystalloids increased the markers of nitrosative stress during sepsis (P < 0.01). 26825634 3 31 theme solution 822:829 arg1 30 mL/kg/h 632:641 30 mL/kg/h 632:641 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 632:829 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 3 32 theme starch-ringer 800:812 arg1 solution 822:829 a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 785:829 a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 785:829 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 10 33 theme renal 1601:1605 arg1 injury 1607:1612 renal injury 1601:1612 renal injury 1601:1612 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis and decreases in renal μPO2 or renal injury were not corrected solely by fluid resuscitation, irrespective of the buffer of the fluid. 26825634 2 34 theme microcirculatory 404:419 arg1 oxygenation 421:431 microcirculatory oxygenation 404:431 microcirculatory oxygenation 404:431 This study investigated whether different types of resuscitation fluids were effective in improving renal microcirculatory oxygenation, acidosis, oxidative stress, and renal function in a rat model of endotoxemic shock. 26825634 7 35 theme starch-ringer 1137:1149 arg1 acetate 1151:1157 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate 1124:1157 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate 1124:1157 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate was more effective at improving arterial pressures and renal blood flow than 0.9% NaCl or FB-Cxt. 26825634 3 36 dep used 543:546 arg1 group 590:594 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group 563:594 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group 563:594 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 3 36 dep used 543:546 arg1 group 556:560 a sham group 549:560 a sham group 549:560 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 3 36 dep used 543:546 arg1 groups 611:616 three LPS groups 601:616 three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 601:829 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 8 37 theme renal 1341:1345 arg1 μPO2 1347:1350 renal μPO2 1341:1350 renal μPO2 1341:1350 Fluids had marginal effects on pH and HCO3 levels irrespective of the buffer, or on renal μPO2 and dysfunction. 26825634 11 38 theme septic 1876:1881 arg1 failure 1903:1909 septic shock-induced renal failure 1876:1909 septic shock-induced renal failure 1876:1909 Our study supported the idea that fluids must be supplemented by other compounds that specifically correct renal inflammation and oxygenation to be effective in resolving septic shock-induced renal failure. 26825634 4 39 theme renal 943:947 arg1 function 949:956 renal function 943:956 renal function 943:956 Systemic hemodynamic variables, renal blood flow, microvascular oxygenation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and renal function were measured. 26825634 0 40 theme Microvascular 37:49 arg1 Oxygenation 51:61 Oxygenation 51:61 Oxygenation 51:61 Fully Balanced Fluids do not Improve Microvascular Oxygenation, Acidosis and Renal Function in a Rat Model of Endotoxemia. 26825634 1 41 theme organ 282:286 arg1 function 288:295 organ function 282:295 organ function 282:295 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock is that it corrects hypovolemia, with the aim of restoring tissue perfusion and oxygenation and organ function. 26825634 7 42 theme 0.9 1236:1238 arg1 % 1239:1239 % 1239:1239 % 1239:1239 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate was more effective at improving arterial pressures and renal blood flow than 0.9% NaCl or FB-Cxt. 26825634 7 43 theme arterial 1191:1198 arg1 pressures 1200:1208 arterial pressures 1191:1208 arterial pressures 1191:1208 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate was more effective at improving arterial pressures and renal blood flow than 0.9% NaCl or FB-Cxt. 26825634 2 44 theme different 330:338 arg1 types 340:344 different types 330:344 different types of resuscitation fluids 330:368 This study investigated whether different types of resuscitation fluids were effective in improving renal microcirculatory oxygenation, acidosis, oxidative stress, and renal function in a rat model of endotoxemic shock. 26825634 3 45 theme chloride 658:665 arg1 30 mL/kg/h 632:641 30 mL/kg/h 632:641 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 632:829 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 10 46 theme fluid 1698:1702 arg1 buffer 1684:1689 the buffer 1680:1689 the buffer of the fluid 1680:1702 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis and decreases in renal μPO2 or renal injury were not corrected solely by fluid resuscitation, irrespective of the buffer of the fluid. 26825634 1 47 theme therapy 148:154 arg1 expectation 127:137 The expectation 123:137 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock 123:184 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock is that it corrects hypovolemia, with the aim of restoring tissue perfusion and oxygenation and organ function. 26825634 3 48 theme % 649:649 arg1 NaCl 673:676 0.9% NaCl 668:676 0.9% NaCl 668:676 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 3 48 theme % 649:649 arg1 chloride 658:665 0.9% sodium chloride 646:665 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) 646:677 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 10 49 theme Endotoxemia-induced 1541:1559 arg1 acidosis 1561:1568 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis 1541:1568 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis 1541:1568 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis and decreases in renal μPO2 or renal injury were not corrected solely by fluid resuscitation, irrespective of the buffer of the fluid. 26825634 9 50 theme oxidative 1409:1417 arg1 stress 1419:1424 renal oxidative stress 1403:1424 renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001) 1403:1436 Colloids increased the markers of renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001), whereas unbalanced crystalloids increased the markers of nitrosative stress during sepsis (P < 0.01). 26825634 9 50 theme oxidative 1409:1417 arg1 P < 0.001 1427:1435 P < 0.001 1427:1435 P < 0.001 1427:1435 Colloids increased the markers of renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001), whereas unbalanced crystalloids increased the markers of nitrosative stress during sepsis (P < 0.01). 26825634 4 51 theme Systemic 832:839 arg1 variables 853:861 Systemic hemodynamic variables 832:861 Systemic hemodynamic variables 832:861 Systemic hemodynamic variables, renal blood flow, microvascular oxygenation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and renal function were measured. 26825634 6 52 theme central 1099:1105 arg1 pressure 1114:1121 adequate central venous pressure 1090:1121 adequate central venous pressure 1090:1121 Animals became arterially hypotensive despite adequate central venous pressure. 26825634 3 53 theme sham 551:554 arg1 group 556:560 a sham group 549:560 a sham group 549:560 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 2 54 theme shock 511:515 arg1 model 490:494 a rat model 484:494 a rat model of endotoxemic shock 484:515 This study investigated whether different types of resuscitation fluids were effective in improving renal microcirculatory oxygenation, acidosis, oxidative stress, and renal function in a rat model of endotoxemic shock. 26825634 4 55 theme blood 870:874 arg1 flow 876:879 renal blood flow 864:879 renal blood flow 864:879 Systemic hemodynamic variables, renal blood flow, microvascular oxygenation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and renal function were measured. 26825634 5 56 theme fluid 1022:1026 arg1 administration 1028:1041 fluid administration 1022:1041 fluid administration 1022:1041 LPS-induced shock was only partially resolved by fluid administration. 26825634 3 57 theme lipopolysaccharide 565:582 arg1 group 590:594 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group 563:594 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group 563:594 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 3 58 theme solution 719:726 arg1 30 mL/kg/h 632:641 30 mL/kg/h 632:641 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 632:829 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 1 59 theme septic 173:178 arg1 shock 180:184 septic shock 173:184 septic shock 173:184 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock is that it corrects hypovolemia, with the aim of restoring tissue perfusion and oxygenation and organ function. 26825634 3 60 theme plasma 766:771 arg1 composition 751:761 the composition 747:761 the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) 747:780 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 4 61 theme microvascular 882:894 arg1 oxygenation 896:906 microvascular oxygenation 882:906 microvascular oxygenation 882:906 Systemic hemodynamic variables, renal blood flow, microvascular oxygenation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and renal function were measured. 26825634 3 62 theme buffered 698:705 arg1 solution 719:726 a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution 680:726 a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) 680:780 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 0 63 theme Renal 77:81 arg1 Function 83:90 Renal Function 77:90 Renal Function 77:90 Fully Balanced Fluids do not Improve Microvascular Oxygenation, Acidosis and Renal Function in a Rat Model of Endotoxemia. 26825634 3 64 theme hydroxyethyl 787:798 arg1 solution 822:829 a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 785:829 a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 785:829 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 2 65 theme renal 466:470 arg1 function 472:479 renal function 466:479 renal function 466:479 This study investigated whether different types of resuscitation fluids were effective in improving renal microcirculatory oxygenation, acidosis, oxidative stress, and renal function in a rat model of endotoxemic shock. 26825634 8 66 theme pH 1288:1289 arg1 levels 1300:1305 pH and HCO3 levels 1288:1305 pH and HCO3 levels irrespective of the buffer 1288:1332 Fluids had marginal effects on pH and HCO3 levels irrespective of the buffer, or on renal μPO2 and dysfunction. 26825634 4 67 theme renal 864:868 arg1 flow 876:879 renal blood flow 864:879 renal blood flow 864:879 Systemic hemodynamic variables, renal blood flow, microvascular oxygenation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and renal function were measured. 26825634 8 68 theme HCO3 1295:1298 arg1 levels 1300:1305 pH and HCO3 levels 1288:1305 pH and HCO3 levels irrespective of the buffer 1288:1332 Fluids had marginal effects on pH and HCO3 levels irrespective of the buffer, or on renal μPO2 and dysfunction. 26825634 0 69 theme Rat 97:99 arg1 Model 101:105 a Rat Model 95:105 a Rat Model of Endotoxemia 95:120 Fully Balanced Fluids do not Improve Microvascular Oxygenation, Acidosis and Renal Function in a Rat Model of Endotoxemia. 26825634 1 70 from expectation 127:137 arg1 patients 159:166 patients 159:166 patients with septic shock 159:184 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock is that it corrects hypovolemia, with the aim of restoring tissue perfusion and oxygenation and organ function. 26825634 9 71 theme stress 1508:1513 arg1 markers 1485:1491 the markers 1481:1491 the markers of nitrosative stress 1481:1513 Colloids increased the markers of renal oxidative stress (P < 0.001), whereas unbalanced crystalloids increased the markers of nitrosative stress during sepsis (P < 0.01). 26825634 2 72 theme rat 486:488 arg1 model 490:494 a rat model 484:494 a rat model of endotoxemic shock 484:515 This study investigated whether different types of resuscitation fluids were effective in improving renal microcirculatory oxygenation, acidosis, oxidative stress, and renal function in a rat model of endotoxemic shock. 26825634 0 73 theme Balanced 6:13 arg1 Fluids 15:20 Fully Balanced Fluids 0:20 Fully Balanced Fluids 0:20 Fully Balanced Fluids do not Improve Microvascular Oxygenation, Acidosis and Renal Function in a Rat Model of Endotoxemia. 26825634 3 74 theme acetate 814:820 arg1 solution 822:829 a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 785:829 a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 785:829 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 2 75 theme resuscitation 349:361 arg1 fluids 363:368 resuscitation fluids 349:368 resuscitation fluids 349:368 This study investigated whether different types of resuscitation fluids were effective in improving renal microcirculatory oxygenation, acidosis, oxidative stress, and renal function in a rat model of endotoxemic shock. 26825634 7 76 theme Hydroxyethyl 1124:1135 arg1 acetate 1151:1157 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate 1124:1157 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate 1124:1157 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate was more effective at improving arterial pressures and renal blood flow than 0.9% NaCl or FB-Cxt. 26825634 1 77 theme tissue 245:250 arg1 perfusion 252:260 tissue perfusion 245:260 tissue perfusion 245:260 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock is that it corrects hypovolemia, with the aim of restoring tissue perfusion and oxygenation and organ function. 26825634 2 78 theme renal 398:402 arg1 oxygenation 421:431 microcirculatory oxygenation 404:431 microcirculatory oxygenation 404:431 This study investigated whether different types of resuscitation fluids were effective in improving renal microcirculatory oxygenation, acidosis, oxidative stress, and renal function in a rat model of endotoxemic shock. 26825634 11 79 theme shock-induced 1883:1895 arg1 failure 1903:1909 septic shock-induced renal failure 1876:1909 septic shock-induced renal failure 1876:1909 Our study supported the idea that fluids must be supplemented by other compounds that specifically correct renal inflammation and oxygenation to be effective in resolving septic shock-induced renal failure. 26825634 1 80 with patients 159:166 arg1 shock 180:184 septic shock 173:184 septic shock 173:184 The expectation of fluid therapy in patients with septic shock is that it corrects hypovolemia, with the aim of restoring tissue perfusion and oxygenation and organ function. 26825634 6 81 theme adequate 1090:1097 arg1 pressure 1114:1121 adequate central venous pressure 1090:1121 adequate central venous pressure 1090:1121 Animals became arterially hypotensive despite adequate central venous pressure. 26825634 2 82 theme oxidative 444:452 arg1 stress 454:459 oxidative stress 444:459 oxidative stress 444:459 This study investigated whether different types of resuscitation fluids were effective in improving renal microcirculatory oxygenation, acidosis, oxidative stress, and renal function in a rat model of endotoxemic shock. 26825634 3 83 theme LPS 607:609 arg1 groups 611:616 three LPS groups 601:616 three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution 601:829 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 26825634 11 84 theme renal 1812:1816 arg1 inflammation 1818:1829 renal inflammation 1812:1829 renal inflammation 1812:1829 Our study supported the idea that fluids must be supplemented by other compounds that specifically correct renal inflammation and oxygenation to be effective in resolving septic shock-induced renal failure. 26825634 7 85 theme % 1239:1239 arg1 NaCl 1241:1244 NaCl 1241:1244 NaCl 1241:1244 Hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate was more effective at improving arterial pressures and renal blood flow than 0.9% NaCl or FB-Cxt. 26825634 10 86 theme fluid 1643:1647 arg1 resuscitation 1649:1661 fluid resuscitation 1643:1661 fluid resuscitation 1643:1661 Endotoxemia-induced acidosis and decreases in renal μPO2 or renal injury were not corrected solely by fluid resuscitation, irrespective of the buffer of the fluid. 26825634 3 87 theme new 682:684 arg1 solution 719:726 a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution 680:726 a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) 680:780 Five groups of rats were used: a sham group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and three LPS groups that received 30 mL/kg/h of 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), a new bicarbonate buffered crystalloid solution closely resembling the composition of plasma (FB-Cxt) or a hydroxyethyl starch-ringer acetate solution. 25703223 0 0 theme cells 87:91 arg1 electrophysiology 47:63 electrophysiology 47:63 electrophysiology 47:63 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 0 0 theme cells 87:91 arg1 morphology 32:41 morphology 32:41 morphology 32:41 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 2 1 theme lipopolysaccharide 467:484 arg1 injection 492:500 a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection 458:500 a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams 458:523 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 0 2 from morphology 32:41 arg1 cortex 115:120 the primary visual cortex 96:120 the primary visual cortex of a mouse model 96:137 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 5 3 theme intrinsic 1017:1025 arg1 properties 1048:1057 intrinsic electrophysiological properties 1017:1057 intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the two L2PC types 1017:1079 Moreover, prenatal LPS exposure differentially altered intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the two L2PC types. 25703223 2 4 from abnormalities 279:291 arg1 disorders 302:310 these disorders 296:310 these disorders 296:310 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 2 5 theme single 460:465 arg1 injection 492:500 a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection 458:500 a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams 458:523 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 0 6 from alterations 13:23 arg1 electrophysiology 47:63 electrophysiology 47:63 electrophysiology 47:63 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 0 6 from alterations 13:23 arg1 morphology 32:41 morphology 32:41 morphology 32:41 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 2 7 theme neuropathologic 333:347 arg1 changes 349:355 neuropathologic changes 333:355 neuropathologic changes 333:355 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 4 8 located found 850:854 arg1 L2PC_A 864:869 L2PC_A 864:869 L2PC_A 864:869 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 4 8 located found 850:854 arg1 type 917:920 the L2PC_A type 906:920 the L2PC_A type 906:920 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 4 8 located found 850:854 arg2 reorganization 801:814 a reorganization 799:814 a reorganization of the dendritic architecture 799:844 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 4 8 located found 850:854 arg1 L2PC_B 875:880 L2PC_B 875:880 L2PC_B 875:880 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 2 9 theme pregnant 505:512 arg1 dams 520:523 pregnant mouse dams 505:523 pregnant mouse dams 505:523 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 3 10 theme patch-clamping 675:688 arg1 recording 690:698 whole-cell patch-clamping recording 664:698 whole-cell patch-clamping recording 664:698 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 6 11 theme input 1285:1289 arg1 resistance 1291:1300 cellular input resistance 1276:1300 cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential 1276:1330 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 6 12 theme resting 1167:1173 arg1 potential 1184:1192 the resting membrane potential 1163:1192 the resting membrane potential 1163:1192 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 7 13 theme maternal 1485:1492 arg1 inflammation 1494:1505 maternal inflammation 1485:1505 maternal inflammation 1485:1505 These significant changes in neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties might contribute to the dysfunctions of pyramidal neurons after maternal inflammation. 25703223 3 14 theme reconstruction 714:727 arg1 techniques 729:738 whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques 664:738 whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques 664:738 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 6 15 theme potential 1184:1192 arg1 hyperpolarization 1142:1158 a hyperpolarization 1140:1158 a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential 1140:1192 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 6 16 theme cellular 1276:1283 arg1 resistance 1291:1300 cellular input resistance 1276:1300 cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential 1276:1330 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 3 17 theme neuron 707:712 arg1 reconstruction 714:727 3D neuron reconstruction 704:727 3D neuron reconstruction 704:727 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 6 18 theme resting 1305:1311 arg1 potential 1322:1330 resting membrane potential 1305:1330 resting membrane potential 1305:1330 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 0 19 theme visual 108:113 arg1 cortex 115:120 the primary visual cortex 96:120 the primary visual cortex of a mouse model 96:137 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 0 20 from electrophysiology 47:63 arg1 cortex 115:120 the primary visual cortex 96:120 the primary visual cortex of a mouse model 96:137 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 7 21 theme pyramidal 1461:1469 arg1 neurons 1471:1477 pyramidal neurons 1461:1477 pyramidal neurons 1461:1477 These significant changes in neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties might contribute to the dysfunctions of pyramidal neurons after maternal inflammation. 25703223 4 22 theme types 778:782 arg1 composition 754:764 the composition 750:764 the composition of two L2PC types 750:782 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 4 22 theme types 778:782 arg1 unchanged 788:796 unchanged 788:796 unchanged 788:796 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 7 23 theme neuronal 1362:1369 arg1 properties 1410:1419 neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties 1362:1419 neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties 1362:1419 These significant changes in neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties might contribute to the dysfunctions of pyramidal neurons after maternal inflammation. 25703223 2 24 theme primary 378:384 arg1 cortex 393:398 the primary visual cortex 374:398 the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams 374:523 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 0 25 theme primary 100:106 arg1 cortex 115:120 the primary visual cortex 96:120 the primary visual cortex of a mouse model 96:137 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 3 26 theme 3D 704:705 arg1 reconstruction 714:727 3D neuron reconstruction 704:727 3D neuron reconstruction 704:727 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 4 27 theme architecture 833:844 arg1 reorganization 801:814 a reorganization 799:814 a reorganization of the dendritic architecture 799:844 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 2 28 theme visual 251:256 arg1 processing 258:267 the visual processing 247:267 the visual processing 247:267 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 2 29 theme maternal 425:432 arg1 inflammation 434:445 the maternal inflammation 421:445 the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams 421:523 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 0 30 theme pyramidal 77:85 arg1 cells 87:91 layer II pyramidal cells 68:91 layer II pyramidal cells 68:91 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 3 31 theme electrophysiological 545:564 arg1 properties 566:575 electrophysiological properties 545:575 electrophysiological properties 545:575 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 1 32 theme Maternal 166:173 arg1 factor 204:209 a known risk factor 191:209 a known risk factor for schizophrenia and autism 191:238 Maternal inflammation is a known risk factor for schizophrenia and autism. 25703223 1 32 theme Maternal 166:173 arg1 inflammation 175:186 Maternal inflammation 166:186 Maternal inflammation 166:186 Maternal inflammation is a known risk factor for schizophrenia and autism. 25703223 0 33 theme Differential 0:11 arg1 alterations 13:23 Differential alterations 0:23 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model 0:137 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 6 34 theme L2PC_B 1203:1208 arg1 neurons 1210:1216 L2PC_B neurons 1203:1216 L2PC_B neurons 1203:1216 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 5 35 theme electrophysiological 1027:1046 arg1 properties 1048:1057 intrinsic electrophysiological properties 1017:1057 intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the two L2PC types 1017:1079 Moreover, prenatal LPS exposure differentially altered intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the two L2PC types. 25703223 5 36 theme L2PC 1070:1073 arg1 types 1075:1079 the two L2PC types 1062:1079 the two L2PC types 1062:1079 Moreover, prenatal LPS exposure differentially altered intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the two L2PC types. 25703223 5 37 theme prenatal 972:979 arg1 exposure 985:992 prenatal LPS exposure 972:992 prenatal LPS exposure 972:992 Moreover, prenatal LPS exposure differentially altered intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the two L2PC types. 25703223 4 38 theme L2PC_A 910:915 arg1 type 917:920 the L2PC_A type 906:920 the L2PC_A type 906:920 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 3 39 theme layer 580:584 arg1 L2PC 606:609 L2PC 606:609 L2PC 606:609 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 3 39 theme layer 580:584 arg1 cells 599:603 layer II pyramidal cells 580:603 layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) 580:610 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 2 40 theme due 414:416 arg1 offsprings 403:412 offsprings 403:412 offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams 403:523 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 6 41 theme membrane 1175:1182 arg1 potential 1184:1192 the resting membrane potential 1163:1192 the resting membrane potential 1163:1192 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 3 42 theme primary 619:625 arg1 cortex 634:639 the primary visual cortex 615:639 the primary visual cortex 615:639 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 6 43 theme L2PC_A 1082:1087 arg1 neurons 1089:1095 L2PC_A neurons 1082:1095 L2PC_A neurons 1082:1095 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 6 44 theme reduced 1104:1110 arg1 excitability 1112:1123 reduced excitability 1104:1123 reduced excitability 1104:1123 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 6 45 dep showed 1097:1102 arg1 whereas 1195:1201 whereas 1195:1201 whereas 1195:1201 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 0 46 theme mouse 127:131 arg1 model 133:137 a mouse model 125:137 a mouse model 125:137 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 3 47 theme visual 627:632 arg1 cortex 634:639 the primary visual cortex 615:639 the primary visual cortex 615:639 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 7 48 theme significant 1339:1349 arg1 changes 1351:1357 These significant changes 1333:1357 These significant changes in neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties 1333:1419 These significant changes in neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties might contribute to the dysfunctions of pyramidal neurons after maternal inflammation. 25703223 1 49 theme known 193:197 arg1 factor 204:209 a known risk factor 191:209 a known risk factor for schizophrenia and autism 191:238 Maternal inflammation is a known risk factor for schizophrenia and autism. 25703223 1 49 theme known 193:197 arg1 inflammation 175:186 Maternal inflammation 166:186 Maternal inflammation 166:186 Maternal inflammation is a known risk factor for schizophrenia and autism. 25703223 2 50 theme mouse 514:518 arg1 dams 520:523 pregnant mouse dams 505:523 pregnant mouse dams 505:523 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 5 51 theme types 1075:1079 arg1 properties 1048:1057 intrinsic electrophysiological properties 1017:1057 intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the two L2PC types 1017:1079 Moreover, prenatal LPS exposure differentially altered intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the two L2PC types. 25703223 3 52 theme pyramidal 589:597 arg1 L2PC 606:609 L2PC 606:609 L2PC 606:609 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 3 52 theme pyramidal 589:597 arg1 cells 599:603 layer II pyramidal cells 580:603 layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) 580:610 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 1 53 theme risk 199:202 arg1 factor 204:209 a known risk factor 191:209 a known risk factor for schizophrenia and autism 191:238 Maternal inflammation is a known risk factor for schizophrenia and autism. 25703223 1 53 theme risk 199:202 arg1 inflammation 175:186 Maternal inflammation 166:186 Maternal inflammation 166:186 Maternal inflammation is a known risk factor for schizophrenia and autism. 25703223 4 54 dep L2PC_A 864:869 arg1 types 882:886 types 882:886 types 882:886 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 4 55 theme dendritic 823:831 arg1 architecture 833:844 the dendritic architecture 819:844 the dendritic architecture 819:844 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 6 56 theme membrane 1313:1320 arg1 potential 1322:1330 resting membrane potential 1305:1330 resting membrane potential 1305:1330 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 0 57 theme model 133:137 arg1 cortex 115:120 the primary visual cortex 96:120 the primary visual cortex of a mouse model 96:137 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 2 58 from injection 492:500 arg1 dams 520:523 pregnant mouse dams 505:523 pregnant mouse dams 505:523 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 0 59 dep morphology 32:41 arg1 the 28:30 the 28:30 the 28:30 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 6 60 from decrease 1264:1271 arg1 potential 1322:1330 resting membrane potential 1305:1330 resting membrane potential 1305:1330 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 6 60 from decrease 1264:1271 arg1 resistance 1291:1300 cellular input resistance 1276:1300 cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential 1276:1330 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 3 61 from morphology 530:539 arg1 cortex 634:639 the primary visual cortex 615:639 the primary visual cortex 615:639 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 6 62 from potential 1322:1330 arg1 decrease 1264:1271 a decrease 1262:1271 a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential 1262:1330 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 6 62 from potential 1322:1330 arg1 resistance 1291:1300 cellular input resistance 1276:1300 cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential 1276:1330 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 3 63 theme whole-cell 664:673 arg1 recording 690:698 whole-cell patch-clamping recording 664:698 whole-cell patch-clamping recording 664:698 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 7 64 theme morphological 1371:1383 arg1 properties 1410:1419 neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties 1362:1419 neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties 1362:1419 These significant changes in neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties might contribute to the dysfunctions of pyramidal neurons after maternal inflammation. 25703223 7 65 theme neurons 1471:1477 arg1 dysfunctions 1445:1456 the dysfunctions 1441:1456 the dysfunctions of pyramidal neurons after maternal inflammation 1441:1505 These significant changes in neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties might contribute to the dysfunctions of pyramidal neurons after maternal inflammation. 25703223 7 66 from changes 1351:1357 arg1 properties 1410:1419 neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties 1362:1419 neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties 1362:1419 These significant changes in neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties might contribute to the dysfunctions of pyramidal neurons after maternal inflammation. 25703223 4 67 theme L2PC 773:776 arg1 types 778:782 two L2PC types 769:782 two L2PC types 769:782 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 7 68 theme electrophysiological 1389:1408 arg1 properties 1410:1419 neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties 1362:1419 neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties 1362:1419 These significant changes in neuronal morphological and electrophysiological properties might contribute to the dysfunctions of pyramidal neurons after maternal inflammation. 25703223 2 69 from cortex 393:398 arg1 offsprings 403:412 offsprings 403:412 offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams 403:523 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 2 70 theme visual 386:391 arg1 cortex 393:398 the primary visual cortex 374:398 the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams 374:523 Since the visual processing has shown abnormalities in these disorders, we explored whether neuropathologic changes can be caused in the primary visual cortex in offsprings due to the maternal inflammation induced by a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in pregnant mouse dams. 25703223 3 71 theme cells 599:603 arg1 morphology 530:539 morphology 530:539 morphology 530:539 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 3 71 theme cells 599:603 arg1 properties 566:575 electrophysiological properties 545:575 electrophysiological properties 545:575 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 3 72 dep morphology 530:539 arg1 The 526:528 The 526:528 The 526:528 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 3 73 from properties 566:575 arg1 cortex 634:639 the primary visual cortex 615:639 the primary visual cortex 615:639 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 0 74 theme layer 68:72 arg1 cells 87:91 layer II pyramidal cells 68:91 layer II pyramidal cells 68:91 Differential alterations in the morphology and electrophysiology of layer II pyramidal cells in the primary visual cortex of a mouse model prenatally exposed to LPS. 25703223 3 75 theme recording 690:698 arg1 techniques 729:738 whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques 664:738 whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques 664:738 The morphology and electrophysiological properties of layer II pyramidal cells (L2PC) in the primary visual cortex were investigated with whole-cell patch-clamping recording and 3D neuron reconstruction techniques. 25703223 5 76 theme LPS 981:983 arg1 exposure 985:992 prenatal LPS exposure 972:992 prenatal LPS exposure 972:992 Moreover, prenatal LPS exposure differentially altered intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the two L2PC types. 25703223 6 77 theme enhanced 1225:1232 arg1 excitability 1234:1245 enhanced excitability 1225:1245 enhanced excitability 1225:1245 L2PC_A neurons showed reduced excitability as featured by a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, whereas L2PC_B neurons showed enhanced excitability as featured by a decrease in cellular input resistance at resting membrane potential. 25703223 4 78 theme mice 930:933 arg1 type 917:920 the L2PC_A type 906:920 the L2PC_A type 906:920 Although the composition of two L2PC types was unchanged, a reorganization of the dendritic architecture was found in both L2PC_A and L2PC_B types, predominantly in the L2PC_A type, of the mice prenatally exposed to LPS. 25150449 4 0 theme Major 403:407 arg1 acid 415:418 Major fatty acid 403:418 Major fatty acid 403:418 Major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0, while major polar lipids were diphosphatidyglycerol, phatidyglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (GL1), and dimannosyldiacylglycerol (GL2). 25150449 7 1 dep Arthrobacter 936:947 arg1 % 976:976 97.3 % 971:976 97.3 % 971:976 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 1 dep Arthrobacter 936:947 arg1 KCTC 957:960 KCTC 3383 957:965 Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) 936:977 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 1 dep Arthrobacter 936:947 arg1 T 967:967 T 967:967 T 967:967 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 1 dep Arthrobacter 936:947 arg1 oxydans 949:955 Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) 936:977 Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) 936:977 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 5 2 theme dominant 607:614 arg1 quinone 616:622 The dominant quinone 603:622 The dominant quinone 603:622 The dominant quinone was MK-9(H2). 25150449 5 2 theme dominant 607:614 arg1 MK-9 628:631 MK-9 628:631 MK-9 628:631 The dominant quinone was MK-9(H2). 25150449 7 3 theme genotypic 1069:1077 arg1 separation 1079:1088 the genotypic separation 1065:1088 the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter 1065:1167 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 11 4 theme 29225 1440:1444 arg1 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 11 4 theme 29225 1440:1444 arg1 19357 1455:1459 =KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357 1434:1459 =KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T) 1434:1462 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 7 5 dep show 1055:1058 arg1 separation 1079:1088 the genotypic separation 1065:1088 the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter 1065:1167 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 2 6 theme catalase-positive 101:117 arg1 bacterium 180:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 2 6 theme catalase-positive 101:117 arg1 DCY81 209:213 DCY81 209:213 DCY81(T) 209:216 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 7 7 theme Arthrobacter 889:900 arg1 17756 916:920 Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756 889:920 Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756 889:920 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 7 theme Arthrobacter 889:900 arg1 DCY81 775:779 strain DCY81 768:779 strain DCY81(T) 768:782 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 3 8 theme rRNA 309:312 arg1 analysis 328:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 301:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 301:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY81(T) belonged to the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 4 9 theme major 445:449 arg1 lipids 457:462 major polar lipids 445:462 major polar lipids 445:462 Major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0, while major polar lipids were diphosphatidyglycerol, phatidyglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (GL1), and dimannosyldiacylglycerol (GL2). 25150449 2 10 from Republic 282:289 arg1 soil 237:240 soil 237:240 soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea 237:298 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 2 11 theme field 255:259 arg1 soil 237:240 soil 237:240 soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea 237:298 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 9 12 theme physiological 1229:1241 arg1 analysis 1219:1226 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results 1205:1269 analysis 1219:1226 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results indicate that strain DCY81(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 3 13 theme gene 314:317 arg1 analysis 328:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 301:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 301:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY81(T) belonged to the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 2 14 theme non-flagellate 150:163 arg1 bacterium 180:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 2 14 theme non-flagellate 150:163 arg1 DCY81 209:213 DCY81 209:213 DCY81(T) 209:216 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 9 15 theme Arthrobacter 1341:1352 arg1 species 1320:1326 a novel species 1312:1326 a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter 1312:1352 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results indicate that strain DCY81(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 16 dep Arthrobacter 838:849 arg1 T 875:875 T 875:875 T 875:875 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 16 dep Arthrobacter 838:849 arg1 % 885:885 97.81 % 879:885 97.81 % 879:885 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 16 dep Arthrobacter 838:849 arg1 13520 869:873 JCM 13520 865:873 Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %) 838:886 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 16 dep Arthrobacter 838:849 arg1 sulfonivorans 851:863 Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %) 838:886 Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %) 838:886 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 2 17 theme ginseng 247:253 arg1 field 255:259 a ginseng field 245:259 a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea 245:298 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 10 18 theme Arthrobacter 1366:1377 arg1 sp 1392:1393 Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp 1366:1393 Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp 1366:1393 Therefore, Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp. 25150449 4 19 theme fatty 409:413 arg1 acid 415:418 Major fatty acid 403:418 Major fatty acid 403:418 Major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0, while major polar lipids were diphosphatidyglycerol, phatidyglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (GL1), and dimannosyldiacylglycerol (GL2). 25150449 9 20 theme strain 1285:1290 arg1 T 1298:1298 T 1298:1298 T 1298:1298 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results indicate that strain DCY81(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 9 20 theme strain 1285:1290 arg1 DCY81 1292:1296 strain DCY81 1285:1296 strain DCY81(T) 1285:1299 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results indicate that strain DCY81(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 8 21 theme DNA 1174:1176 arg1 content 1182:1188 The DNA G+C content 1170:1188 The DNA G+C content 1170:1188 The DNA G+C content was 65.2 mol%. 25150449 8 21 theme DNA 1174:1176 arg1 % 1202:1202 65.2 mol% 1194:1202 65.2 mol% 1194:1202 The DNA G+C content was 65.2 mol%. 25150449 3 22 theme 16S 305:307 arg1 rRNA 309:312 16S rRNA 305:312 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 301:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY81(T) belonged to the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 2 23 theme non-motile 138:147 arg1 bacterium 180:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 2 23 theme non-motile 138:147 arg1 DCY81 209:213 DCY81 209:213 DCY81(T) 209:216 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 1 24 theme ginseng 60:66 arg1 field 68:72 a ginseng field 58:72 a ginseng field 58:72 nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field. 25150449 6 25 theme peptidoglycan 642:654 arg1 type 656:659 The peptidoglycan type 638:659 The peptidoglycan type 638:659 The peptidoglycan type was A3α with an L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Thr-L-Ala interpeptide bridge. 25150449 7 26 theme genus 1150:1154 arg1 Arthrobacter 1156:1167 the genus Arthrobacter 1146:1167 the genus Arthrobacter 1146:1167 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 0 27 theme ginsengisoli 13:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp 0:27 Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp. 0:28 Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp. 25150449 11 28 theme T 1446:1446 arg1 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 11 28 theme T 1446:1446 arg1 19357 1455:1459 =KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357 1434:1459 =KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T) 1434:1462 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 10 29 theme ginsengisoli 1379:1390 arg1 sp 1392:1393 Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp 1366:1393 Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp 1366:1393 Therefore, Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp. 25150449 1 30 theme field 68:72 arg1 soil 50:53 soil 50:53 soil of a ginseng field 50:72 nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field. 25150449 11 31 theme  = JCM 1448:1453 arg1 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 11 31 theme  = JCM 1448:1453 arg1 19357 1455:1459 =KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357 1434:1459 =KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T) 1434:1462 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 0 32 theme Arthrobacter 0:11 arg1 sp 26:27 Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp 0:27 Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp. 0:28 Arthrobacter ginsengisoli sp. 25150449 11 33 dep strain 1426:1431 arg1 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 11 33 dep strain 1426:1431 arg1 19357 1455:1459 =KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357 1434:1459 =KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T) 1434:1462 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 7 34 theme JCM 865:867 arg1 T 875:875 T 875:875 T 875:875 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 34 theme JCM 865:867 arg1 13520 869:873 JCM 13520 865:873 Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %) 838:886 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 34 theme JCM 865:867 arg1 % 885:885 97.81 % 879:885 97.81 % 879:885 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 8 35 theme G+C 1178:1180 arg1 content 1182:1188 The DNA G+C content 1170:1188 The DNA G+C content 1170:1188 The DNA G+C content was 65.2 mol%. 25150449 8 35 theme G+C 1178:1180 arg1 % 1202:1202 65.2 mol% 1194:1202 65.2 mol% 1194:1202 The DNA G+C content was 65.2 mol%. 25150449 7 36 theme Arthrobacter 788:799 arg1 LMG 815:817 Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359 788:823 Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359 788:823 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 3 37 theme sequence 319:326 arg1 analysis 328:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 301:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 301:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY81(T) belonged to the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 8 38 theme 65.2 mol 1194:1201 arg1 content 1182:1188 The DNA G+C content 1170:1188 The DNA G+C content 1170:1188 The DNA G+C content was 65.2 mol%. 25150449 8 38 theme 65.2 mol 1194:1201 arg1 % 1202:1202 65.2 mol% 1194:1202 65.2 mol% 1194:1202 The DNA G+C content was 65.2 mol%. 25150449 7 39 theme siccitolerans 801:813 arg1 LMG 815:817 Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359 788:823 Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359 788:823 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 40 theme closest 1118:1124 arg1 strain 1136:1141 the closest reference strain 1114:1141 the closest reference strain 1114:1141 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 11 41 theme type 1421:1424 arg1 strain 1426:1431 the type strain 1417:1431 the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)) 1417:1463 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 11 41 theme type 1421:1424 arg1 nov. 1396:1399 nov. 1396:1399 nov. 1396:1399 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 7 42 theme strain 768:773 arg1 % 932:932 97.59 % 926:932 97.59 % 926:932 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 42 theme strain 768:773 arg1 Arthrobacter 838:849 Arthrobacter 838:849 Arthrobacter 838:849 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 42 theme strain 768:773 arg1 DCY81 775:779 strain DCY81 768:779 strain DCY81(T) 768:782 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 42 theme strain 768:773 arg1 T 922:922 T 922:922 T 922:922 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 42 theme strain 768:773 arg1 17756 916:920 Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756 889:920 Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756 889:920 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 42 theme strain 768:773 arg1 % 834:834 98.2 % 829:834 98.2 % 829:834 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 42 theme strain 768:773 arg1 T 781:781 T 781:781 T 781:781 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 42 theme strain 768:773 arg1 Arthrobacter 936:947 Arthrobacter 936:947 Arthrobacter 936:947 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 42 theme strain 768:773 arg1 T 825:825 T 825:825 T 825:825 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 43 from strain 1136:1141 arg1 separation 1079:1088 the genotypic separation 1065:1088 the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter 1065:1167 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 2 44 from soil 237:240 arg1 Republic 282:289 Republic 282:289 Republic 282:289 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 7 45 theme reference 1126:1134 arg1 strain 1136:1141 the closest reference strain 1114:1141 the closest reference strain 1114:1141 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 3 46 theme genus 383:387 arg1 Arthrobacter 389:400 the genus Arthrobacter 379:400 the genus Arthrobacter 379:400 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY81(T) belonged to the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 2 47 theme Gram-staining-positive 77:98 arg1 bacterium 180:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 2 47 theme Gram-staining-positive 77:98 arg1 DCY81 209:213 DCY81 209:213 DCY81(T) 209:216 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 2 48 theme rod-shaped 169:178 arg1 bacterium 180:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 2 48 theme rod-shaped 169:178 arg1 DCY81 209:213 DCY81 209:213 DCY81(T) 209:216 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 4 49 theme polar 451:455 arg1 lipids 457:462 major polar lipids 445:462 major polar lipids 445:462 Major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0, while major polar lipids were diphosphatidyglycerol, phatidyglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (GL1), and dimannosyldiacylglycerol (GL2). 25150449 3 50 theme strain 351:356 arg1 DCY81 358:362 strain DCY81 351:362 strain DCY81(T) 351:365 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY81(T) belonged to the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 3 50 theme strain 351:356 arg1 T 364:364 T 364:364 T 364:364 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY81(T) belonged to the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 11 51 theme =KCTC 1434:1438 arg1 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 11 51 theme =KCTC 1434:1438 arg1 19357 1455:1459 =KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357 1434:1459 =KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T) 1434:1462 nov., is proposed as the type strain (=KCTC 29225(T) = JCM 19357(T)). 25150449 7 52 theme DNA-DNA 726:732 arg1 relatedness 748:758 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness 722:758 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) 722:977 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 52 theme DNA-DNA 726:732 arg1 % 1033:1033 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 % 983:1033 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 % 983:1033 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 53 dep % 1033:1033 arg1 show 1055:1058 show 1055:1058 show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter 1055:1167 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 54 theme DSM 912:914 arg1 17756 916:920 Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756 889:920 Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756 889:920 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 54 theme DSM 912:914 arg1 DCY81 775:779 strain DCY81 768:779 strain DCY81(T) 768:782 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 2 55 theme Korea 294:298 arg1 field 255:259 a ginseng field 245:259 a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea 245:298 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 7 56 theme hybridization 734:746 arg1 relatedness 748:758 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness 722:758 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) 722:977 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 56 theme hybridization 734:746 arg1 % 1033:1033 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 % 983:1033 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 % 983:1033 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 6 57 theme interpeptide 701:712 arg1 bridge 714:719 an L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Thr-L-Ala interpeptide bridge 674:719 an L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Thr-L-Ala interpeptide bridge 674:719 The peptidoglycan type was A3α with an L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Thr-L-Ala interpeptide bridge. 25150449 7 58 theme DCY81 1100:1104 arg1 separation 1079:1088 the genotypic separation 1065:1088 the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter 1065:1167 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 9 59 theme genus 1335:1339 arg1 Arthrobacter 1341:1352 the genus Arthrobacter 1331:1352 the genus Arthrobacter 1331:1352 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results indicate that strain DCY81(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 6 60 theme L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Thr-L-Ala 677:699 arg1 bridge 714:719 an L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Thr-L-Ala interpeptide bridge 674:719 an L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Thr-L-Ala interpeptide bridge 674:719 The peptidoglycan type was A3α with an L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Thr-L-Ala interpeptide bridge. 25150449 2 61 from field 255:259 arg1 Republic 282:289 Republic 282:289 Republic 282:289 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 7 62 theme Arthrobacter 1156:1167 arg1 separation 1079:1088 the genotypic separation 1065:1088 the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter 1065:1167 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 63 theme scleromae 902:910 arg1 17756 916:920 Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756 889:920 Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756 889:920 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 63 theme scleromae 902:910 arg1 DCY81 775:779 strain DCY81 768:779 strain DCY81(T) 768:782 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 9 64 theme novel 1314:1318 arg1 species 1320:1326 a novel species 1312:1326 a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter 1312:1352 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results indicate that strain DCY81(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 9 65 theme chemotaxonomic 1248:1261 arg1 results 1263:1269 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results 1205:1269 results 1263:1269 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results indicate that strain DCY81(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 2 66 theme oxidase-negative 120:135 arg1 bacterium 180:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 2 66 theme oxidase-negative 120:135 arg1 DCY81 209:213 DCY81 209:213 DCY81(T) 209:216 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 9 67 theme genotypic 1209:1217 arg1 analysis 1219:1226 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results 1205:1269 analysis 1219:1226 The genotypic analysis, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results indicate that strain DCY81(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 68 theme strain 1093:1098 arg1 T 1106:1106 T 1106:1106 T 1106:1106 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 7 68 theme strain 1093:1098 arg1 DCY81 1100:1104 strain DCY81 1093:1104 strain DCY81(T) 1093:1107 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY81(T) and Arthrobacter siccitolerans LMG 27359(T) (98.2 %), Arthrobacter sulfonivorans JCM 13520(T) (97.81 %), Arthrobacter scleromae DSM 17756(T) (97.59 %), Arthrobacter oxydans KCTC 3383(T) (97.3 %) was 39.1 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 1.6, 36.8 ± 1.1 and 48.3 ± 1.6 %, respectively which show that the genotypic separation of strain DCY81(T) from the closest reference strain of the genus Arthrobacter. 25150449 2 69 attach isolated 223:230 arg2 DCY81 209:213 DCY81 209:213 DCY81(T) 209:216 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 2 69 attach isolated 223:230 arg1 soil 237:240 soil 237:240 soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea 237:298 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 25150449 2 69 attach isolated 223:230 arg2 bacterium 180:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium 75:188 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate and rod-shaped bacterium, was designated as DCY81(T), and isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, Republic of Korea. 28665262 11 0 theme chemotaxonomic 1183:1196 arg1 tests 1214:1218 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1169:1218 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1169:1218 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 13 1 theme 39636T=CGMCC 1431:1442 arg1 1.15388T 1444:1451 =LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T 1414:1451 =LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T 1414:1451 The type strain is 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T). 28665262 13 1 theme 39636T=CGMCC 1431:1442 arg1 10CT 1408:1411 10CT 1408:1411 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T) 1408:1452 The type strain is 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T). 28665262 11 2 theme clear 1230:1234 arg1 differentiation 1236:1250 a clear differentiation 1228:1250 a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp 1228:1368 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 9 3 theme isoprenoid 1020:1029 arg1 MK-7 1045:1048 MK-7 1045:1048 MK-7 1045:1048 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9. 28665262 9 3 theme isoprenoid 1020:1029 arg1 quinones 1031:1038 The major isoprenoid quinones 1010:1038 The major isoprenoid quinones 1010:1038 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9. 28665262 4 4 theme DNA-DNA 589:595 arg1 relatedness 597:607 the DNA-DNA relatedness 585:607 the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T 585:657 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T was only 34.6±0.9. 28665262 4 4 theme DNA-DNA 589:595 arg1 34.6±0.9 668:675 34.6±0.9 668:675 34.6±0.9 668:675 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T was only 34.6±0.9. 28665262 13 5 theme 29100T=KCTC 1419:1429 arg1 1.15388T 1444:1451 =LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T 1414:1451 =LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T 1414:1451 The type strain is 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T). 28665262 13 5 theme 29100T=KCTC 1419:1429 arg1 10CT 1408:1411 10CT 1408:1411 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T) 1408:1452 The type strain is 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T). 28665262 6 6 dep % 812:812 arg1 w/v 815:817 w/v 815:817 w/v 815:817 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 6 7 from 37 °C 786:790 arg1 10CT 735:738 Strain 10CT 728:738 Strain 10CT 728:738 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 6 7 from 37 °C 786:790 arg1 microbe 755:761 an aerobic microbe 744:761 an aerobic microbe with optimal growth 744:781 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 2 8 dep Gram-stain-positive 72:90 arg1 rod-shaped 114:123 rod-shaped 114:123 rod-shaped 114:123 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 2 8 dep Gram-stain-positive 72:90 arg1 non-motile 102:111 non-motile 102:111 non-motile 102:111 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 2 8 dep Gram-stain-positive 72:90 arg1 aerobic 93:99 aerobic 93:99 aerobic 93:99 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 2 8 dep Gram-stain-positive 72:90 arg1 non-endospore-forming 126:146 non-endospore-forming 126:146 non-endospore-forming 126:146 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 11 9 theme cremea 1360:1365 arg1 sp 1367:1368 the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp 1337:1368 the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp 1337:1368 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 6 10 theme Strain 728:733 arg1 10CT 735:738 Strain 10CT 728:738 Strain 10CT 728:738 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 6 10 theme Strain 728:733 arg1 microbe 755:761 an aerobic microbe 744:761 an aerobic microbe with optimal growth 744:781 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 10 11 theme 10CT 1094:1097 arg1 acids 1078:1082 Major fatty acids 1066:1082 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT 1066:1097 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28665262 7 12 theme type 880:883 arg1 l-Lys-l-Glu 890:900 l-Lys-l-Glu 890:900 l-Lys-l-Glu 890:900 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 10CT was of the type A4α (l-Lys-l-Glu). 28665262 7 12 theme type 880:883 arg1 A4α 885:887 the type A4α 876:887 the type A4α (l-Lys-l-Glu) 876:901 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 10CT was of the type A4α (l-Lys-l-Glu). 28665262 4 13 with relatedness 597:607 arg1 KCTC 647:650 N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T 629:657 N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T 629:657 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T was only 34.6±0.9. 28665262 11 14 theme name 1341:1344 arg1 sp 1367:1368 the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp 1337:1368 the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp 1337:1368 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 4 15 theme lacusekhoensis 632:645 arg1 KCTC 647:650 N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T 629:657 N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T 629:657 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T was only 34.6±0.9. 28665262 6 16 with microbe 755:761 arg1 growth 776:781 optimal growth 768:781 optimal growth 768:781 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 3 17 theme genus 309:313 arg1 Nesterenkonia 315:327 the genus Nesterenkonia 305:327 the genus Nesterenkonia 305:327 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 6 18 theme optimal 768:774 arg1 growth 776:781 optimal growth 768:781 optimal growth 768:781 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1104:1115 arg1  0 1134:1135  0 1134:1135  0 1134:1135 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28665262 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1104:1115 arg1  0 1117:1118  0 1117:1118  0 1117:1118 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28665262 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1104:1115 arg1  0 1150:1151  0 1150:1151  0 1150:1151 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28665262 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1104:1115 arg1 iso-C16  1141:1148 iso-C16  1141:1148 iso-C16  1141:1148 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28665262 11 20 theme 10CT 1262:1265 arg1 differentiation 1236:1250 a clear differentiation 1228:1250 a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp 1228:1368 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 4 21 theme strain 612:617 arg1 10CT 619:622 strain 10CT 612:622 strain 10CT 612:622 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T was only 34.6±0.9. 28665262 5 22 theme 68.6 mol 717:724 arg1 % 725:725 68.6 mol% 717:725 68.6 mol% 717:725 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT was 68.6 mol%. 28665262 5 22 theme 68.6 mol 717:724 arg1 content 690:696 The DNA G+C content 678:696 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT 678:711 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT was 68.6 mol%. 28665262 2 23 attach isolated 176:183 arg1 lake 201:204 Lonar soda lake 190:204 Lonar soda lake in India 190:213 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 2 23 attach isolated 176:183 arg2 10CT 166:169 10CT 166:169 10CT 166:169 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 2 23 attach isolated 176:183 arg2 strain 158:163 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain 70:163 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain 70:163 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 3 24 dep related 350:356 arg1 % 551:551 <96.6 % 545:551 <96.6 % 545:551 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 3 24 dep related 350:356 arg1 similarity 563:572 sequence similarity 554:572 sequence similarity 554:572 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 1 25 theme soda 59:62 arg1 lake 64:67 a soda lake 57:67 a soda lake 57:67 nov., a bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28665262 6 26 from NaCl 820:823 arg1 10CT 735:738 Strain 10CT 728:738 Strain 10CT 728:738 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 6 26 from NaCl 820:823 arg1 microbe 755:761 an aerobic microbe 744:761 an aerobic microbe with optimal growth 744:781 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 0 27 theme cremea 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Nesterenkonia cremea sp 0:22 Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 0:23 Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 6 28 theme aerobic 747:753 arg1 10CT 735:738 Strain 10CT 728:738 Strain 10CT 728:738 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 6 28 theme aerobic 747:753 arg1 microbe 755:761 an aerobic microbe 744:761 an aerobic microbe with optimal growth 744:781 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 4 29 theme N. 629:630 arg1 KCTC 647:650 N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T 629:657 N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T 629:657 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T was only 34.6±0.9. 28665262 2 30 from lake 201:204 arg1 India 209:213 India 209:213 India 209:213 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 3 31 theme type 365:368 arg1 strains 370:376 the type strains 361:376 the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia 361:542 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 0 32 theme Nesterenkonia 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Nesterenkonia cremea sp 0:22 Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 0:23 Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 5 33 theme strain 701:706 arg1 10CT 708:711 strain 10CT 701:711 strain 10CT 701:711 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT was 68.6 mol%. 28665262 1 34 attach isolated 43:50 arg2 bacterium 33:41 a bacterium 31:41 a bacterium isolated from a soda lake 31:67 nov., a bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28665262 1 34 attach isolated 43:50 arg1 lake 64:67 a soda lake 57:67 a soda lake 57:67 nov., a bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28665262 3 35 theme rRNA 233:236 arg1 analysis 252:259 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 225:259 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 225:259 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 11 36 theme Nesterenkonia 1346:1358 arg1 sp 1367:1368 the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp 1337:1368 the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp 1337:1368 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 13 37 theme type 1393:1396 arg1 10CT 1408:1411 10CT 1408:1411 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T) 1408:1452 The type strain is 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T). 28665262 13 37 theme type 1393:1396 arg1 strain 1398:1403 The type strain 1389:1403 The type strain 1389:1403 The type strain is 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T). 28665262 11 38 theme novel 1287:1291 arg1 member 1293:1298 a novel member 1285:1298 a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp 1285:1368 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 5 39 theme 10CT 708:711 arg1 % 725:725 68.6 mol% 717:725 68.6 mol% 717:725 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT was 68.6 mol%. 28665262 5 39 theme 10CT 708:711 arg1 content 690:696 The DNA G+C content 678:696 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT 678:711 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT was 68.6 mol%. 28665262 3 40 theme gene 238:241 arg1 analysis 252:259 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 225:259 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 225:259 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 11 41 theme strain 1255:1260 arg1 10CT 1262:1265 strain 10CT 1255:1265 strain 10CT 1255:1265 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 3 42 theme flava 490:494 arg1 strains 370:376 the type strains 361:376 the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia 361:542 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 1 43 dep bacterium 33:41 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28665262 11 44 theme phylogenetic 1169:1180 arg1 tests 1214:1218 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1169:1218 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1169:1218 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 6 45 theme % 812:812 arg1 NaCl 820:823 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl 808:823 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl 808:823 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 8 46 theme polar 914:918 arg1 lipids 920:925 The major polar lipids 904:925 The major polar lipids present 904:933 The major polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 28665262 8 46 theme polar 914:918 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 940:959 phosphatidylglycerol 940:959 phosphatidylglycerol 940:959 The major polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 28665262 11 47 theme Nesterenkonia 1313:1325 arg1 member 1293:1298 a novel member 1285:1298 a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp 1285:1368 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 3 48 theme lacusekhoensis 395:408 arg1 strains 370:376 the type strains 361:376 the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia 361:542 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 2 49 theme Gram-stain-positive 72:90 arg1 10CT 166:169 10CT 166:169 10CT 166:169 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 2 49 theme Gram-stain-positive 72:90 arg1 strain 158:163 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain 70:163 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain 70:163 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 3 50 theme 16S 229:231 arg1 analysis 252:259 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 225:259 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 225:259 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 3 51 theme related 509:515 arg1 strains 370:376 the type strains 361:376 the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia 361:542 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 7 52 theme strain 857:862 arg1 10CT 864:867 strain 10CT 857:867 strain 10CT 857:867 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 10CT was of the type A4α (l-Lys-l-Glu). 28665262 5 53 theme DNA 682:684 arg1 % 725:725 68.6 mol% 717:725 68.6 mol% 717:725 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT was 68.6 mol%. 28665262 5 53 theme DNA 682:684 arg1 content 690:696 The DNA G+C content 678:696 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT 678:711 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT was 68.6 mol%. 28665262 6 54 theme 5-6  808:811 arg1 % 812:812 % 812:812 % 812:812 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 8 55 theme present 927:933 arg1 lipids 920:925 The major polar lipids 904:925 The major polar lipids present 904:933 The major polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 28665262 8 55 theme present 927:933 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 940:959 phosphatidylglycerol 940:959 phosphatidylglycerol 940:959 The major polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 28665262 2 56 theme bacterial 148:156 arg1 10CT 166:169 10CT 166:169 10CT 166:169 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 2 56 theme bacterial 148:156 arg1 strain 158:163 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain 70:163 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain 70:163 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 2 57 theme soda 196:199 arg1 lake 201:204 Lonar soda lake 190:204 Lonar soda lake in India 190:213 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 7 58 theme 10CT 864:867 arg1 peptidoglycan 840:852 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 826:852 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 10CT 826:867 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 10CT was of the type A4α (l-Lys-l-Glu). 28665262 5 59 theme G+C 686:688 arg1 % 725:725 68.6 mol% 717:725 68.6 mol% 717:725 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT was 68.6 mol%. 28665262 5 59 theme G+C 686:688 arg1 content 690:696 The DNA G+C content 678:696 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT 678:711 The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT was 68.6 mol%. 28665262 6 60 from pH 793:794 arg1 10CT 735:738 Strain 10CT 728:738 Strain 10CT 728:738 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 6 60 from pH 793:794 arg1 microbe 755:761 an aerobic microbe 744:761 an aerobic microbe with optimal growth 744:781 Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 28665262 2 61 theme Lonar 190:194 arg1 lake 201:204 Lonar soda lake 190:204 Lonar soda lake in India 190:213 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. 28665262 3 62 theme sequence 243:250 arg1 analysis 252:259 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 225:259 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 225:259 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 3 63 dep lacusekhoensis 395:408 arg1 similarity 428:437 sequence similarity 419:437 sequence similarity 419:437 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 3 63 dep lacusekhoensis 395:408 arg1 % 416:416 99.1 % 411:416 99.1 % 411:416 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 3 64 theme genus 524:528 arg1 Nesterenkonia 530:542 the genus Nesterenkonia 520:542 the genus Nesterenkonia 520:542 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 4 65 theme 10CT 619:622 arg1 relatedness 597:607 the DNA-DNA relatedness 585:607 the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T 585:657 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T was only 34.6±0.9. 28665262 4 65 theme 10CT 619:622 arg1 34.6±0.9 668:675 34.6±0.9 668:675 34.6±0.9 668:675 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T was only 34.6±0.9. 28665262 11 66 theme genus 1307:1311 arg1 Nesterenkonia 1313:1325 the genus Nesterenkonia 1303:1325 the genus Nesterenkonia 1303:1325 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 13 67 theme =LMG 1414:1417 arg1 1.15388T 1444:1451 =LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T 1414:1451 =LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T 1414:1451 The type strain is 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T). 28665262 13 67 theme =LMG 1414:1417 arg1 10CT 1408:1411 10CT 1408:1411 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T) 1408:1452 The type strain is 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T). 28665262 3 68 theme sequence 554:561 arg1 % 551:551 <96.6 % 545:551 <96.6 % 545:551 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 3 68 theme sequence 554:561 arg1 similarity 563:572 sequence similarity 554:572 sequence similarity 554:572 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 3 69 theme sequence 419:426 arg1 similarity 428:437 sequence similarity 419:437 sequence similarity 419:437 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 3 69 theme sequence 419:426 arg1 % 416:416 99.1 % 411:416 99.1 % 411:416 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 10 70 theme fatty 1072:1076 arg1 acids 1078:1082 Major fatty acids 1066:1082 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT 1066:1097 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28665262 11 71 theme biochemical 1202:1212 arg1 tests 1214:1218 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1169:1218 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1169:1218 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 10 72 theme strain 1087:1092 arg1 10CT 1094:1097 strain 10CT 1087:1097 strain 10CT 1087:1097 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28665262 7 73 theme cell-wall 830:838 arg1 peptidoglycan 840:852 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 826:852 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 10CT 826:867 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 10CT was of the type A4α (l-Lys-l-Glu). 28665262 3 74 theme aethiopica 455:464 arg1 strains 370:376 the type strains 361:376 the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia 361:542 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). 28665262 10 75 theme Major 1066:1070 arg1 acids 1078:1082 Major fatty acids 1066:1082 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT 1066:1097 Major fatty acids of strain 10CT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28665262 11 76 theme tests 1214:1218 arg1 results 1158:1164 The results 1154:1164 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1154:1218 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. 28665262 9 77 theme major 1014:1018 arg1 MK-7 1045:1048 MK-7 1045:1048 MK-7 1045:1048 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9. 28665262 9 77 theme major 1014:1018 arg1 quinones 1031:1038 The major isoprenoid quinones 1010:1038 The major isoprenoid quinones 1010:1038 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9. 28665262 8 78 theme major 908:912 arg1 lipids 920:925 The major polar lipids 904:925 The major polar lipids present 904:933 The major polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 28665262 8 78 theme major 908:912 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 940:959 phosphatidylglycerol 940:959 phosphatidylglycerol 940:959 The major polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 27835835 0 0 theme long 86:89 arg1 acids 103:107 encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids 69:107 encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix 69:136 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 0 1 theme n-3 82:84 arg1 acids 103:107 encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids 69:107 encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix 69:136 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 1 2 theme n-3 332:334 arg1 acids 342:346 n-3 fatty acids 332:346 n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix 332:391 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 1 3 theme natural 153:159 arg1 antioxidants 161:172 natural antioxidants 153:172 natural antioxidants 153:172 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 5 4 from differences 863:873 arg1 composition 887:897 chemical composition 878:897 chemical composition among treatments 878:914 Statistical analysis did not show significant differences on chemical composition among treatments. 27835835 1 5 theme free 257:260 arg1 FFA 275:277 FFA 275:277 FFA 275:277 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 1 5 theme free 257:260 arg1 acids 268:272 free fatty acids 257:272 free fatty acids (FFA) 257:278 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 0 6 theme fatty 97:101 arg1 acids 103:107 encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids 69:107 encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix 69:136 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 salchichón 42:51 Spanish salchichón 34:51 Spanish salchichón 34:51 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 4 8 theme main 674:677 arg1 catechin 703:710 catechin 703:710 catechin 703:710 The main phenolic compounds were catechin and benzoic acid for BRE, gallic acid and catechin for CLE and catechin and protocatechuic acid for PSE. 27835835 4 8 theme main 674:677 arg1 compounds 688:696 The main phenolic compounds 670:696 The main phenolic compounds 670:696 The main phenolic compounds were catechin and benzoic acid for BRE, gallic acid and catechin for CLE and catechin and protocatechuic acid for PSE. 27835835 6 9 theme colour 1020:1025 arg1 parameters 1027:1036 the other colour parameters 1010:1036 the other colour parameters 1010:1036 Reductions in luminosity (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.001) were observed with the CLE batch, whereas the other colour parameters were not affected by the addition of natural antioxidants. 27835835 1 10 theme fatty 262:266 arg1 FFA 275:277 FFA 275:277 FFA 275:277 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 1 10 theme fatty 262:266 arg1 acids 268:272 free fatty acids 257:272 free fatty acids (FFA) 257:278 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 0 11 theme chain 91:95 arg1 acids 103:107 encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids 69:107 encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix 69:136 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 2 12 dep chestnut 444:451 arg1 leaves 453:458 leaves 453:458 leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) 453:502 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 7 13 theme antioxidants 1123:1134 arg1 inclusion 1110:1118 the inclusion 1106:1118 the inclusion of antioxidants (P<0.001) 1106:1144 Finally, the inclusion of antioxidants (P<0.001) decreased the hexanal content, whereas the FFA content increased by the addition of natural extracts. 27835835 2 14 theme peanut 478:483 arg1 PSE 499:501 PSE 499:501 PSE 499:501 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 2 14 theme peanut 478:483 arg1 extract 490:496 peanut skin extract 478:496 peanut skin extract (PSE) 478:502 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 0 15 from salchichón 42:51 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón 0:51 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 1 16 from effect 143:148 arg1 oxidation 223:231 lipid and protein oxidation 205:231 oxidation 223:231 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 1 16 from effect 143:148 arg1 compounds 243:251 volatile compounds 234:251 volatile compounds 234:251 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 1 16 from effect 143:148 arg1 properties 193:202 physicochemical properties 177:202 physicochemical properties 177:202 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 1 16 from effect 143:148 arg1 FFA 275:277 FFA 275:277 FFA 275:277 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 1 16 from effect 143:148 arg1 acids 268:272 free fatty acids 257:272 free fatty acids (FFA) 257:278 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 5 17 theme chemical 878:885 arg1 composition 887:897 chemical composition 878:897 chemical composition among treatments 878:914 Statistical analysis did not show significant differences on chemical composition among treatments. 27835835 7 18 theme FFA 1189:1191 arg1 content 1193:1199 the FFA content 1185:1199 the FFA content 1185:1199 Finally, the inclusion of antioxidants (P<0.001) decreased the hexanal content, whereas the FFA content increased by the addition of natural extracts. 27835835 1 19 theme antioxidants 161:172 arg1 effect 143:148 The effect 139:148 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) 139:278 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 4 20 theme gallic 738:743 arg1 BRE 733:735 BRE 733:735 BRE 733:735 The main phenolic compounds were catechin and benzoic acid for BRE, gallic acid and catechin for CLE and catechin and protocatechuic acid for PSE. 27835835 4 20 theme gallic 738:743 arg1 acid 745:748 gallic acid 738:748 gallic acid 738:748 The main phenolic compounds were catechin and benzoic acid for BRE, gallic acid and catechin for CLE and catechin and protocatechuic acid for PSE. 27835835 4 21 theme phenolic 679:686 arg1 catechin 703:710 catechin 703:710 catechin 703:710 The main phenolic compounds were catechin and benzoic acid for BRE, gallic acid and catechin for CLE and catechin and protocatechuic acid for PSE. 27835835 4 21 theme phenolic 679:686 arg1 compounds 688:696 The main phenolic compounds 670:696 The main phenolic compounds 670:696 The main phenolic compounds were catechin and benzoic acid for BRE, gallic acid and catechin for CLE and catechin and protocatechuic acid for PSE. 27835835 1 22 dep acids 342:346 arg1 encapsulated 348:359 encapsulated 348:359 encapsulated 348:359 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 1 22 dep acids 342:346 arg1 stabilized 365:374 stabilized 365:374 stabilized in konjac matrix 365:391 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 6 23 from Reductions 917:926 arg1 pH 955:956 pH 955:956 pH (P<0.001) 955:966 Reductions in luminosity (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.001) were observed with the CLE batch, whereas the other colour parameters were not affected by the addition of natural antioxidants. 27835835 6 23 from Reductions 917:926 arg1 luminosity 931:940 luminosity 931:940 luminosity (P<0.05) 931:949 Reductions in luminosity (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.001) were observed with the CLE batch, whereas the other colour parameters were not affected by the addition of natural antioxidants. 27835835 6 23 from Reductions 917:926 arg1 P<0.001 959:965 P<0.001 959:965 P<0.001 959:965 Reductions in luminosity (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.001) were observed with the CLE batch, whereas the other colour parameters were not affected by the addition of natural antioxidants. 27835835 6 23 from Reductions 917:926 arg1 P<0.05 943:948 P<0.05 943:948 P<0.05 943:948 Reductions in luminosity (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.001) were observed with the CLE batch, whereas the other colour parameters were not affected by the addition of natural antioxidants. 27835835 1 24 theme physicochemical 177:191 arg1 properties 193:202 physicochemical properties 177:202 physicochemical properties 177:202 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 3 25 theme butylated 620:628 arg1 BHT 646:648 BHT 646:648 BHT 646:648 Five batches of salchichón were prepared: control (CON, without antioxidants), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), BRE, CLE and PSE. 27835835 3 25 theme butylated 620:628 arg1 hydroxytoluene 630:643 butylated hydroxytoluene 620:643 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) 620:649 Five batches of salchichón were prepared: control (CON, without antioxidants), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), BRE, CLE and PSE. 27835835 6 26 theme natural 1075:1081 arg1 antioxidants 1083:1094 natural antioxidants 1075:1094 natural antioxidants 1075:1094 Reductions in luminosity (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.001) were observed with the CLE batch, whereas the other colour parameters were not affected by the addition of natural antioxidants. 27835835 7 27 theme natural 1230:1236 arg1 extracts 1238:1245 natural extracts 1230:1245 natural extracts 1230:1245 Finally, the inclusion of antioxidants (P<0.001) decreased the hexanal content, whereas the FFA content increased by the addition of natural extracts. 27835835 0 28 theme antioxidants 18:29 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón 0:51 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 4 29 theme benzoic 716:722 arg1 acid 724:727 benzoic acid 716:727 benzoic acid 716:727 The main phenolic compounds were catechin and benzoic acid for BRE, gallic acid and catechin for CLE and catechin and protocatechuic acid for PSE. 27835835 0 30 theme glucomannan 119:129 arg1 matrix 131:136 konjac glucomannan matrix 112:136 konjac glucomannan matrix 112:136 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 6 31 dep observed 973:980 arg1 whereas 1002:1008 whereas 1002:1008 whereas 1002:1008 Reductions in luminosity (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.001) were observed with the CLE batch, whereas the other colour parameters were not affected by the addition of natural antioxidants. 27835835 2 32 theme beer 416:419 arg1 BRE 438:440 BRE 438:440 BRE 438:440 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 2 32 theme beer 416:419 arg1 chestnut 444:451 chestnut 444:451 chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) 444:502 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 2 32 theme beer 416:419 arg1 extract 429:435 beer residue extract 416:435 beer residue extract (BRE) 416:441 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 0 33 theme natural 10:16 arg1 antioxidants 18:29 natural antioxidants 10:29 natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón 10:51 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 0 34 theme konjac 112:117 arg1 matrix 131:136 konjac glucomannan matrix 112:136 konjac glucomannan matrix 112:136 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 5 35 theme significant 851:861 arg1 differences 863:873 significant differences 851:873 significant differences on chemical composition among treatments 851:914 Statistical analysis did not show significant differences on chemical composition among treatments. 27835835 1 36 theme lipid 205:209 arg1 oxidation 223:231 lipid and protein oxidation 205:231 oxidation 223:231 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 0 37 theme Spanish 34:40 arg1 salchichón 42:51 Spanish salchichón 34:51 Spanish salchichón 34:51 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 1 38 theme konjac 379:384 arg1 matrix 386:391 konjac matrix 379:391 konjac matrix 379:391 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 2 39 theme extract 429:435 arg1 compounds 403:411 Phenolic compounds 394:411 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) 394:502 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 1 40 theme protein 215:221 arg1 oxidation 223:231 lipid and protein oxidation 205:231 oxidation 223:231 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 4 41 theme protocatechuic 788:801 arg1 acid 803:806 protocatechuic acid 788:806 protocatechuic acid 788:806 The main phenolic compounds were catechin and benzoic acid for BRE, gallic acid and catechin for CLE and catechin and protocatechuic acid for PSE. 27835835 4 41 theme protocatechuic 788:801 arg1 BRE 733:735 BRE 733:735 BRE 733:735 The main phenolic compounds were catechin and benzoic acid for BRE, gallic acid and catechin for CLE and catechin and protocatechuic acid for PSE. 27835835 7 42 theme extracts 1238:1245 arg1 addition 1218:1225 the addition 1214:1225 the addition of natural extracts 1214:1245 Finally, the inclusion of antioxidants (P<0.001) decreased the hexanal content, whereas the FFA content increased by the addition of natural extracts. 27835835 6 43 theme other 1014:1018 arg1 parameters 1027:1036 the other colour parameters 1010:1036 the other colour parameters 1010:1036 Reductions in luminosity (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.001) were observed with the CLE batch, whereas the other colour parameters were not affected by the addition of natural antioxidants. 27835835 1 44 theme fatty 336:340 arg1 acids 342:346 n-3 fatty acids 332:346 n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix 332:391 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 1 45 theme Spanish 299:305 arg1 salchichón 307:316 Spanish salchichón 299:316 Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix 299:391 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 7 46 theme hexanal 1160:1166 arg1 content 1168:1174 the hexanal content 1156:1174 the hexanal content 1156:1174 Finally, the inclusion of antioxidants (P<0.001) decreased the hexanal content, whereas the FFA content increased by the addition of natural extracts. 27835835 0 47 from acids 103:107 arg1 matrix 131:136 konjac glucomannan matrix 112:136 konjac glucomannan matrix 112:136 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 5 48 theme Statistical 817:827 arg1 analysis 829:836 Statistical analysis 817:836 Statistical analysis 817:836 Statistical analysis did not show significant differences on chemical composition among treatments. 27835835 3 49 dep control 583:589 arg1 CON 592:594 CON 592:594 CON 592:594 Five batches of salchichón were prepared: control (CON, without antioxidants), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), BRE, CLE and PSE. 27835835 6 50 theme antioxidants 1083:1094 arg1 addition 1063:1070 the addition 1059:1070 the addition of natural antioxidants 1059:1094 Reductions in luminosity (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.001) were observed with the CLE batch, whereas the other colour parameters were not affected by the addition of natural antioxidants. 27835835 0 51 theme encapsulated 69:80 arg1 acids 103:107 encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids 69:107 encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix 69:136 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 2 52 theme Phenolic 394:401 arg1 compounds 403:411 Phenolic compounds 394:411 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) 394:502 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 3 53 theme salchichón 557:566 arg1 batches 546:552 Five batches 541:552 Five batches of salchichón 541:566 Five batches of salchichón were prepared: control (CON, without antioxidants), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), BRE, CLE and PSE. 27835835 1 54 theme volatile 234:241 arg1 compounds 243:251 volatile compounds 234:251 volatile compounds 234:251 The effect of natural antioxidants on physicochemical properties, lipid and protein oxidation, volatile compounds and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in Spanish salchichón enriched with n-3 fatty acids encapsulated and stabilized in konjac matrix. 27835835 0 55 from antioxidants 18:29 arg1 salchichón 42:51 Spanish salchichón 34:51 Spanish salchichón 34:51 Effect of natural antioxidants in Spanish salchichón elaborated with encapsulated n-3 long chain fatty acids in konjac glucomannan matrix. 27835835 2 56 theme residue 421:427 arg1 BRE 438:440 BRE 438:440 BRE 438:440 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 2 56 theme residue 421:427 arg1 chestnut 444:451 chestnut 444:451 chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) 444:502 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 2 56 theme residue 421:427 arg1 extract 429:435 beer residue extract 416:435 beer residue extract (BRE) 416:441 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 6 57 theme CLE 991:993 arg1 batch 995:999 the CLE batch 987:999 the CLE batch 987:999 Reductions in luminosity (P<0.05) and pH (P<0.001) were observed with the CLE batch, whereas the other colour parameters were not affected by the addition of natural antioxidants. 27835835 2 58 theme skin 485:488 arg1 PSE 499:501 PSE 499:501 PSE 499:501 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27835835 2 58 theme skin 485:488 arg1 extract 490:496 peanut skin extract 478:496 peanut skin extract (PSE) 478:502 Phenolic compounds of beer residue extract (BRE), chestnut leaves extract (CLE) and peanut skin extract (PSE) were also identified and quantified. 27597637 2 0 theme growing 343:349 arg1 spicatum 378:385 the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 329:385 the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 329:385 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 6 1 theme C 1138:1138 arg1 content 1146:1152 C and N content 1138:1152 C and N content 1138:1152 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 7 2 theme sucrose 1264:1270 arg1 concentration 1272:1284 low, but not at high, sucrose concentration 1242:1284 low, but not at high, sucrose concentration 1242:1284 Remarkably, cadmium led to increased shoot length at low, but not at high, sucrose concentration. 27597637 5 3 contain had 907:909 arg2 content 943:949 C content 941:949 C content 941:949 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 5 3 contain had 907:909 arg2 content 929:935 higher dry matter content 911:935 higher dry matter content 911:935 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 5 3 contain had 907:909 arg1 plants 900:905 Sucrose-treated plants 884:905 Sucrose-treated plants 884:905 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 6 4 theme C 1163:1163 arg1 ratios 1181:1186 the C:N and N:P molar ratios 1159:1186 the C:N and N:P molar ratios 1159:1186 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 0 5 with spicatum 72:79 arg1 effects 96:102 potential effects 86:102 potential effects on the response to pollutants 86:132 Sucrose modifies growth and physiology in axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants. 27597637 7 6 theme high 1258:1261 arg1 concentration 1272:1284 low, but not at high, sucrose concentration 1242:1284 low, but not at high, sucrose concentration 1242:1284 Remarkably, cadmium led to increased shoot length at low, but not at high, sucrose concentration. 27597637 3 7 from content 622:628 arg1 compounds 663:671 phenolic compounds 654:671 phenolic compounds 654:671 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 7 from content 622:628 arg1 pigments 642:649 pigments 642:649 pigments 642:649 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 2 8 theme Economic 266:273 arg1 Co-operation 275:286 Economic Co-operation 266:286 Economic Co-operation 266:286 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 1 9 theme axenic 165:170 arg1 tests 172:176 axenic tests 165:176 axenic tests 165:176 Sucrose as a carbon source in axenic tests affects plant growth and physiology. 27597637 9 10 theme response 1520:1527 arg1 modifications 1499:1511 modifications 1499:1511 modifications of the response to cadmium 1499:1538 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 9 10 theme response 1520:1527 arg1 physiology 1469:1478 physiology 1469:1478 physiology 1469:1478 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 9 10 theme response 1520:1527 arg1 growth 1458:1463 growth 1458:1463 growth 1458:1463 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 10 11 theme realistic 1621:1629 arg1 assessment 1650:1659 realistic environmental risk assessment 1621:1659 realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238 1621:1688 Further studies should establish the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238. 27597637 3 12 theme carbon 705:710 arg1 content 631:637 content 631:637 content in pigments or phenolic compounds 631:671 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 12 theme carbon 705:710 arg1 content 622:628 dry matter content 611:628 dry matter content 611:628 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 12 theme carbon 705:710 arg1 stoichiometry 688:700 elemental stoichiometry 678:700 elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) 678:748 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 12 theme carbon 705:710 arg1 growth 603:608 growth 603:608 growth 603:608 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 5 13 theme chlorophyll 973:983 arg1 contents 961:968 lower contents 955:968 lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium 955:998 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 6 14 theme N 1144:1144 arg1 content 1146:1152 C and N content 1138:1152 C and N content 1138:1152 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 5 15 theme N. 989:990 arg1 Cadmium 992:998 N. Cadmium 989:998 N. Cadmium 989:998 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 2 16 theme high 219:222 arg1 concentration 232:244 The high sucrose concentration 215:244 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 215:385 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 8 17 theme contrasting 1292:1302 arg1 effect 1304:1309 This contrasting effect 1287:1309 This contrasting effect 1287:1309 This contrasting effect might result from differences in osmotic potential caused by sucrose. 27597637 7 18 theme shoot 1226:1230 arg1 length 1232:1237 increased shoot length 1216:1237 increased shoot length 1216:1237 Remarkably, cadmium led to increased shoot length at low, but not at high, sucrose concentration. 27597637 10 19 theme risk 1645:1648 arg1 assessment 1650:1659 realistic environmental risk assessment 1621:1659 realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238 1621:1688 Further studies should establish the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238. 27597637 3 20 dep concentrations 543:556 arg1 no 559:560 no 559:560 no 559:560 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 9 21 from effect 1419:1424 arg1 modifications 1499:1511 modifications 1499:1511 modifications of the response to cadmium 1499:1538 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 9 21 from effect 1419:1424 arg1 physiology 1469:1478 physiology 1469:1478 physiology 1469:1478 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 9 21 from effect 1419:1424 arg1 growth 1458:1463 growth 1458:1463 growth 1458:1463 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 3 22 dep no 559:560 arg1 low 563:565 low 563:565 low 563:565 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 22 dep no 559:560 arg1 high 572:575 high 572:575 high 572:575 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 0 23 from effects 96:102 arg1 response 111:118 the response 107:118 the response to pollutants 107:132 Sucrose modifies growth and physiology in axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants. 27597637 2 24 dep Co-operation 275:286 arg1 guideline 311:319 guideline 238 311:323 guideline 238 311:323 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 0 25 theme Myriophyllum 59:70 arg1 spicatum 72:79 axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum 42:79 axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants 42:132 Sucrose modifies growth and physiology in axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants. 27597637 0 26 from growth 17:22 arg1 spicatum 72:79 axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum 42:79 axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants 42:132 Sucrose modifies growth and physiology in axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants. 27597637 5 27 theme phenolic 1037:1044 arg1 compounds 1046:1054 phenolic compounds 1037:1054 phenolic compounds 1037:1054 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 6 28 theme length 1123:1128 arg1 growth 1130:1135 length growth 1123:1135 length growth 1123:1135 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 2 29 theme pollutant 400:408 arg1 effects 410:416 pollutant effects 400:416 pollutant effects 400:416 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 0 30 from physiology 28:37 arg1 spicatum 72:79 axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum 42:79 axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants 42:132 Sucrose modifies growth and physiology in axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants. 27597637 3 31 from growth 603:608 arg1 compounds 663:671 phenolic compounds 654:671 phenolic compounds 654:671 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 31 from growth 603:608 arg1 pigments 642:649 pigments 642:649 pigments 642:649 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 9 32 theme strong 1412:1417 arg1 effect 1419:1424 a strong effect 1410:1424 a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium 1410:1538 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 2 33 theme risk 448:451 arg1 assessment 453:462 environmental risk assessment 434:462 environmental risk assessment 434:462 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 3 34 theme factorial 470:478 arg1 experiment 487:496 a factorial design experiment 468:496 a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium 468:600 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 6 35 theme Interactive 1086:1096 arg1 effects 1098:1104 Interactive effects 1086:1104 Interactive effects 1086:1104 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 9 36 theme concentration 1437:1449 arg1 effect 1419:1424 a strong effect 1410:1424 a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium 1410:1538 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 3 37 theme dry 611:613 arg1 content 622:628 dry matter content 611:628 dry matter content 611:628 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 2 38 theme submerged 333:341 arg1 spicatum 378:385 the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 329:385 the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 329:385 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 5 39 theme elemental 1061:1069 arg1 stoichiometry 1071:1083 elemental stoichiometry 1061:1083 elemental stoichiometry 1061:1083 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 4 40 used used 828:831 arg2 sucrose 787:793 sucrose 787:793 sucrose 787:793 The results show that sucrose is crucial for growth but can be used at lower concentrations than currently considered. 27597637 10 41 theme sucrose 1585:1591 arg1 level 1593:1597 the lowest sucrose level 1574:1597 the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238 1574:1688 Further studies should establish the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238. 27597637 5 42 theme higher 911:916 arg1 content 929:935 higher dry matter content 911:935 higher dry matter content 911:935 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 1 43 dep plant 186:190 arg1 growth 192:197 growth 192:197 growth 192:197 Sucrose as a carbon source in axenic tests affects plant growth and physiology. 27597637 1 43 dep plant 186:190 arg1 physiology 203:212 physiology 203:212 physiology 203:212 Sucrose as a carbon source in axenic tests affects plant growth and physiology. 27597637 10 44 theme lowest 1578:1583 arg1 level 1593:1597 the lowest sucrose level 1574:1597 the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238 1574:1688 Further studies should establish the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238. 27597637 5 45 theme matter 922:927 arg1 content 929:935 higher dry matter content 911:935 higher dry matter content 911:935 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 2 46 theme aquatic 351:357 arg1 spicatum 378:385 the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 329:385 the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 329:385 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 9 47 theme spicatum 1486:1493 arg1 modifications 1499:1511 modifications 1499:1511 modifications of the response to cadmium 1499:1538 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 9 47 theme spicatum 1486:1493 arg1 physiology 1469:1478 physiology 1469:1478 physiology 1469:1478 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 9 47 theme spicatum 1486:1493 arg1 growth 1458:1463 growth 1458:1463 growth 1458:1463 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 3 48 theme phenolic 654:661 arg1 compounds 663:671 phenolic compounds 654:671 phenolic compounds 654:671 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 6 49 dep C 1163:1163 arg1 P 1173:1173 P 1173:1173 the C:N and N:P molar ratios 1159:1186 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 6 49 dep C 1163:1163 arg1 N 1171:1171 N 1171:1171 N 1171:1171 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 6 49 dep C 1163:1163 arg1 N 1165:1165 N 1165:1165 N 1165:1165 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 3 50 with experiment 487:496 arg1 spicatum 513:520 M. spicatum 510:520 axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium 503:600 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 51 theme sucrose 535:541 arg1 concentrations 543:556 3 sucrose concentrations 533:556 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) 533:576 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 52 theme elemental 678:686 arg1 stoichiometry 688:700 elemental stoichiometry 678:700 elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) 678:748 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 10 53 theme environmental 1631:1643 arg1 assessment 1650:1659 realistic environmental risk assessment 1621:1659 realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238 1621:1688 Further studies should establish the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238. 27597637 3 54 from stoichiometry 688:700 arg1 compounds 663:671 phenolic compounds 654:671 phenolic compounds 654:671 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 54 from stoichiometry 688:700 arg1 pigments 642:649 pigments 642:649 pigments 642:649 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 2 55 theme Myriophyllum 365:376 arg1 spicatum 378:385 the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 329:385 the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 329:385 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 4 56 dep concentrations 842:855 arg1 considered 872:881 considered 872:881 currently considered 862:881 The results show that sucrose is crucial for growth but can be used at lower concentrations than currently considered. 27597637 2 57 theme sucrose 224:230 arg1 concentration 232:244 The high sucrose concentration 215:244 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 215:385 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 7 58 theme low 1242:1244 arg1 concentration 1272:1284 low, but not at high, sucrose concentration 1242:1284 low, but not at high, sucrose concentration 1242:1284 Remarkably, cadmium led to increased shoot length at low, but not at high, sucrose concentration. 27597637 6 59 theme molar 1175:1179 arg1 ratios 1181:1186 the C:N and N:P molar ratios 1159:1186 the C:N and N:P molar ratios 1159:1186 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 5 60 theme Cadmium 992:998 arg1 contents 961:968 lower contents 955:968 lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium 955:998 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 7 61 dep high 1258:1261 arg1 at 1255:1256 at 1255:1256 at 1255:1256 Remarkably, cadmium led to increased shoot length at low, but not at high, sucrose concentration. 27597637 3 62 theme nitrogen 717:724 arg1 content 631:637 content 631:637 content in pigments or phenolic compounds 631:671 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 62 theme nitrogen 717:724 arg1 content 622:628 dry matter content 611:628 dry matter content 611:628 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 62 theme nitrogen 717:724 arg1 stoichiometry 688:700 elemental stoichiometry 678:700 elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) 678:748 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 62 theme nitrogen 717:724 arg1 growth 603:608 growth 603:608 growth 603:608 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 5 63 theme lower 955:959 arg1 contents 961:968 lower contents 955:968 lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium 955:998 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 7 64 theme increased 1216:1224 arg1 length 1232:1237 increased shoot length 1216:1237 increased shoot length 1216:1237 Remarkably, cadmium led to increased shoot length at low, but not at high, sucrose concentration. 27597637 3 65 theme phosphorus 735:744 arg1 content 631:637 content 631:637 content in pigments or phenolic compounds 631:671 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 65 theme phosphorus 735:744 arg1 content 622:628 dry matter content 611:628 dry matter content 611:628 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 65 theme phosphorus 735:744 arg1 stoichiometry 688:700 elemental stoichiometry 678:700 elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) 678:748 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 65 theme phosphorus 735:744 arg1 growth 603:608 growth 603:608 growth 603:608 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 10 66 theme axenic 1674:1679 arg1 OECD 1681:1684 the axenic OECD 238 1670:1688 the axenic OECD 238 1670:1688 Further studies should establish the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238. 27597637 8 67 theme osmotic 1344:1350 arg1 potential 1352:1360 osmotic potential 1344:1360 osmotic potential caused by sucrose 1344:1378 This contrasting effect might result from differences in osmotic potential caused by sucrose. 27597637 0 68 theme potential 86:94 arg1 effects 96:102 potential effects 86:102 potential effects on the response to pollutants 86:132 Sucrose modifies growth and physiology in axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants. 27597637 1 69 theme carbon 148:153 arg1 source 155:160 a carbon source 146:160 a carbon source 146:160 Sucrose as a carbon source in axenic tests affects plant growth and physiology. 27597637 8 70 from differences 1329:1339 arg1 potential 1352:1360 osmotic potential 1344:1360 osmotic potential caused by sucrose 1344:1378 This contrasting effect might result from differences in osmotic potential caused by sucrose. 27597637 4 71 theme lower 836:840 arg1 concentrations 842:855 lower concentrations 836:855 lower concentrations than currently considered 836:881 The results show that sucrose is crucial for growth but can be used at lower concentrations than currently considered. 27597637 12 72 theme 2016 1731:1734 arg1 SETAC 1736:1740 2016 SETAC 1731:1740 2016 SETAC 1731:1740 © 2016 SETAC. 27597637 5 73 theme Sucrose-treated 884:898 arg1 plants 900:905 Sucrose-treated plants 884:905 Sucrose-treated plants 884:905 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 5 74 from content 1013:1019 arg1 stoichiometry 1071:1083 elemental stoichiometry 1061:1083 elemental stoichiometry 1061:1083 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 5 74 from content 1013:1019 arg1 chlorophyll 1024:1034 chlorophyll 1024:1034 chlorophyll 1024:1034 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 5 74 from content 1013:1019 arg1 compounds 1046:1054 phenolic compounds 1037:1054 phenolic compounds 1037:1054 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 1 75 from Sucrose 135:141 arg1 tests 172:176 axenic tests 165:176 axenic tests 165:176 Sucrose as a carbon source in axenic tests affects plant growth and physiology. 27597637 2 76 from concentration 232:244 arg1 Organisation 249:260 Organisation 249:260 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 249:323 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 2 77 theme environmental 434:446 arg1 assessment 453:462 environmental risk assessment 434:462 environmental risk assessment 434:462 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 27597637 6 78 located observed 1111:1118 arg2 effects 1098:1104 Interactive effects 1086:1104 Interactive effects 1086:1104 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 6 78 located observed 1111:1118 arg1 growth 1130:1135 length growth 1123:1135 length growth 1123:1135 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 6 78 located observed 1111:1118 arg1 content 1146:1152 C and N content 1138:1152 C and N content 1138:1152 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 6 78 located observed 1111:1118 arg1 ratios 1181:1186 the C:N and N:P molar ratios 1159:1186 the C:N and N:P molar ratios 1159:1186 Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. 27597637 3 79 theme matter 615:620 arg1 content 622:628 dry matter content 611:628 dry matter content 611:628 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 80 theme design 480:485 arg1 experiment 487:496 a factorial design experiment 468:496 a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium 468:600 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 9 81 theme sucrose 1429:1435 arg1 concentration 1437:1449 sucrose concentration 1429:1449 sucrose concentration 1429:1449 Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. 27597637 0 82 theme grown 53:57 arg1 spicatum 72:79 axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum 42:79 axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants 42:132 Sucrose modifies growth and physiology in axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants. 27597637 5 83 theme C 941:941 arg1 content 943:949 C content 941:949 C content 941:949 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 10 84 theme Further 1541:1547 arg1 studies 1549:1555 Further studies 1541:1555 Further studies 1541:1555 Further studies should establish the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238. 27597637 5 85 theme dry 918:920 arg1 content 929:935 higher dry matter content 911:935 higher dry matter content 911:935 Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. 27597637 3 86 from content 631:637 arg1 compounds 663:671 phenolic compounds 654:671 phenolic compounds 654:671 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 3 86 from content 631:637 arg1 pigments 642:649 pigments 642:649 pigments 642:649 In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. 27597637 2 87 theme plant 359:363 arg1 spicatum 378:385 the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 329:385 the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 329:385 The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. 29211034 0 0 theme Versican 90:97 arg1 Synthesis 77:85 the Synthesis 73:85 the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles 73:173 Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. 29211034 5 1 theme mRNA 794:797 arg1 transcripts 799:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts 772:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts 772:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. 29211034 9 2 theme versican 1456:1463 arg1 addition 1434:1441 The addition 1430:1441 The addition of exogenous versican 1430:1463 The addition of exogenous versican impaired myoblast fusion, whilst glucocorticoids alleviated this inhibition in fusion. 29211034 5 3 theme affected 924:931 arg1 diaphragm 937:945 the more severely affected mdx diaphragm 906:945 the more severely affected mdx diaphragm 906:945 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. 29211034 4 4 from mice 738:741 arg1 muscles 700:706 hindlimb and diaphragm muscles 677:706 muscles 700:706 Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. 29211034 6 5 theme Processed 948:956 arg1 versikine 968:976 versikine 968:976 versikine 968:976 Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. 29211034 6 5 theme Processed 948:956 arg1 versican 958:965 Processed versican 948:965 Processed versican (versikine) 948:977 Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. 29211034 2 6 contain have 344:347 arg1 Glucocorticoids 288:302 Glucocorticoids 288:302 Glucocorticoids 288:302 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 2 6 contain have 344:347 arg1 therapeutics 319:330 beneficial therapeutics 308:330 beneficial therapeutics in DMD 308:337 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 2 6 contain have 344:347 arg2 effects 361:367 pleiotropic effects 349:367 pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts 349:446 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 5 7 theme mdx 933:935 arg1 diaphragm 937:945 the more severely affected mdx diaphragm 906:945 the more severely affected mdx diaphragm 906:945 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. 29211034 8 8 theme Has2 1301:1304 arg1 transcripts 1312:1322 Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts 1262:1322 transcripts 1312:1322 Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. 29211034 11 9 theme novel 1658:1662 arg1 gene 1684:1687 a novel and relevant target gene 1656:1687 a novel and relevant target gene in DMD 1656:1694 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 11 9 theme novel 1658:1662 arg1 versican 1644:1651 versican 1644:1651 versican 1644:1651 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 4 10 theme diaphragm 690:698 arg1 muscles 700:706 hindlimb and diaphragm muscles 677:706 muscles 700:706 Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. 29211034 6 11 theme dystrophic 1009:1018 arg1 muscles 1020:1026 dystrophic muscles 1009:1026 dystrophic muscles 1009:1026 Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. 29211034 5 12 theme V0/V1 772:776 arg1 transcripts 799:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts 772:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts 772:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. 29211034 4 13 theme type 761:764 arg1 mice 766:769 C57BL/10 wild type mice 747:769 C57BL/10 wild type mice 747:769 Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. 29211034 0 14 theme Matrix 115:120 arg1 Protein 122:128 a Transitional Matrix Protein 100:128 a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles 100:173 Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. 29211034 0 14 theme Matrix 115:120 arg1 Versican 90:97 Versican 90:97 Versican 90:97 Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. 29211034 3 15 theme matrix 511:516 arg1 remodelling 467:477 remodelling 467:477 remodelling 467:477 The synthesis and remodelling of a transitional versican-rich matrix is necessary for myogenesis; whether glucocorticoids modulate this transitional matrix is not known. 29211034 3 15 theme matrix 511:516 arg1 synthesis 453:461 synthesis 453:461 synthesis 453:461 The synthesis and remodelling of a transitional versican-rich matrix is necessary for myogenesis; whether glucocorticoids modulate this transitional matrix is not known. 29211034 10 16 theme dystrophic 1555:1564 arg1 muscles 1570:1576 dystrophic mdx muscles 1555:1576 dystrophic mdx muscles 1555:1576 In dystrophic mdx muscles, versican upregulation correlated with pathology. 29211034 5 17 theme wild 873:876 arg1 type 878:881 wild type 873:881 wild type 873:881 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. 29211034 2 18 dep composition 376:386 arg1 the 372:374 the 372:374 the 372:374 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 1 19 theme Duchenne 179:186 arg1 dystrophy 197:205 Duchenne muscular dystrophy 179:205 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) 179:211 In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. 29211034 1 19 theme Duchenne 179:186 arg1 DMD 208:210 DMD 208:210 DMD 208:210 In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. 29211034 0 20 theme Transitional 102:113 arg1 Protein 122:128 a Transitional Matrix Protein 100:128 a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles 100:173 Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. 29211034 0 20 theme Transitional 102:113 arg1 Versican 90:97 Versican 90:97 Versican 90:97 Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. 29211034 10 21 theme mdx 1566:1568 arg1 muscles 1570:1576 dystrophic mdx muscles 1555:1576 dystrophic mdx muscles 1555:1576 In dystrophic mdx muscles, versican upregulation correlated with pathology. 29211034 4 22 theme versican 625:632 arg1 expression 634:643 versican expression 625:643 versican expression 625:643 Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. 29211034 1 23 theme muscular 188:195 arg1 dystrophy 197:205 Duchenne muscular dystrophy 179:205 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) 179:211 In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. 29211034 1 23 theme muscular 188:195 arg1 DMD 208:210 DMD 208:210 DMD 208:210 In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. 29211034 8 24 theme Adamts1 1350:1356 arg1 transcripts 1363:1373 Adamts1 mRNA transcripts 1350:1373 Adamts1 mRNA transcripts 1350:1373 Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. 29211034 7 25 theme C2C12 1131:1135 arg1 fusion 1146:1151 C2C12 myoblast fusion 1131:1151 C2C12 myoblast fusion 1131:1151 Glucocorticoids enhanced C2C12 myoblast fusion by modulating the expression of genes regulating transitional matrix synthesis and processing. 29211034 2 26 from effects 361:367 arg1 processing 392:401 processing 392:401 processing 392:401 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 2 26 from effects 361:367 arg1 composition 376:386 composition 376:386 composition 376:386 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 8 27 theme mRNA 1307:1310 arg1 transcripts 1312:1322 Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts 1262:1322 transcripts 1312:1322 Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. 29211034 7 28 theme matrix 1215:1220 arg1 synthesis 1222:1230 transitional matrix synthesis 1202:1230 transitional matrix synthesis 1202:1230 Glucocorticoids enhanced C2C12 myoblast fusion by modulating the expression of genes regulating transitional matrix synthesis and processing. 29211034 7 29 theme myoblast 1137:1144 arg1 fusion 1146:1151 C2C12 myoblast fusion 1131:1151 C2C12 myoblast fusion 1131:1151 Glucocorticoids enhanced C2C12 myoblast fusion by modulating the expression of genes regulating transitional matrix synthesis and processing. 29211034 2 30 from composition 376:386 arg1 contexts 439:446 other biological contexts 422:446 other biological contexts 422:446 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 9 31 theme myoblast 1474:1481 arg1 fusion 1483:1488 myoblast fusion 1474:1488 myoblast fusion 1474:1488 The addition of exogenous versican impaired myoblast fusion, whilst glucocorticoids alleviated this inhibition in fusion. 29211034 5 32 theme dystrophic 850:859 arg1 muscles 883:889 dystrophic compared to wild type muscles 850:889 dystrophic compared to wild type muscles 850:889 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. 29211034 6 33 theme wild 995:998 arg1 type 1000:1003 wild type 995:1003 wild type 995:1003 Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. 29211034 10 34 theme versican 1579:1586 arg1 upregulation 1588:1599 versican upregulation 1579:1599 versican upregulation 1579:1599 In dystrophic mdx muscles, versican upregulation correlated with pathology. 29211034 3 35 theme transitional 585:596 arg1 matrix 598:603 this transitional matrix 580:603 this transitional matrix 580:603 The synthesis and remodelling of a transitional versican-rich matrix is necessary for myogenesis; whether glucocorticoids modulate this transitional matrix is not known. 29211034 2 36 theme biological 428:437 arg1 contexts 439:446 other biological contexts 422:446 other biological contexts 422:446 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 0 37 theme Myogenic 24:31 arg1 Differentiation 33:47 Myogenic Differentiation 24:47 Myogenic Differentiation 24:47 Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. 29211034 11 38 from gene 1684:1687 arg1 DMD 1692:1694 DMD 1692:1694 DMD 1692:1694 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 11 39 theme myoblast 1768:1775 arg1 fusion 1777:1782 myoblast fusion 1768:1782 myoblast fusion 1768:1782 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 11 39 theme myoblast 1768:1775 arg1 process 1787:1793 a process 1785:1793 a process key for muscle regeneration 1785:1821 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 2 40 theme beneficial 308:317 arg1 Glucocorticoids 288:302 Glucocorticoids 288:302 Glucocorticoids 288:302 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 2 40 theme beneficial 308:317 arg1 therapeutics 319:330 beneficial therapeutics 308:330 beneficial therapeutics in DMD 308:337 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 2 41 theme other 422:426 arg1 contexts 439:446 other biological contexts 422:446 other biological contexts 422:446 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 7 42 theme transitional 1202:1213 arg1 synthesis 1222:1230 transitional matrix synthesis 1202:1230 transitional matrix synthesis 1202:1230 Glucocorticoids enhanced C2C12 myoblast fusion by modulating the expression of genes regulating transitional matrix synthesis and processing. 29211034 0 43 theme Dystrophic 147:156 arg1 Muscles 167:173 Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles 147:173 Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles 147:173 Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. 29211034 4 44 theme hindlimb 677:684 arg1 muscles 700:706 hindlimb and diaphragm muscles 677:706 muscles 700:706 Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. 29211034 2 45 theme ECM 406:408 arg1 proteins 410:417 ECM proteins 406:417 ECM proteins 406:417 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 5 46 theme protein 815:821 arg1 levels 823:828 protein levels 815:828 protein levels 815:828 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. 29211034 8 47 theme mRNA 1358:1361 arg1 transcripts 1363:1373 Adamts1 mRNA transcripts 1350:1373 Adamts1 mRNA transcripts 1350:1373 Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. 29211034 2 48 from processing 392:401 arg1 contexts 439:446 other biological contexts 422:446 other biological contexts 422:446 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 2 49 theme proteins 410:417 arg1 processing 392:401 processing 392:401 processing 392:401 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 2 49 theme proteins 410:417 arg1 composition 376:386 composition 376:386 composition 376:386 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 7 50 theme genes 1185:1189 arg1 expression 1171:1180 the expression 1167:1180 the expression of genes regulating transitional matrix synthesis and processing 1167:1245 Glucocorticoids enhanced C2C12 myoblast fusion by modulating the expression of genes regulating transitional matrix synthesis and processing. 29211034 8 51 theme Vcan 1269:1272 arg1 transcripts 1312:1322 Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts 1262:1322 transcripts 1312:1322 Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. 29211034 2 52 theme pleiotropic 349:359 arg1 effects 361:367 pleiotropic effects 349:367 pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts 349:446 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 8 53 theme hyaluronan 1278:1287 arg1 transcripts 1312:1322 Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts 1262:1322 transcripts 1312:1322 Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. 29211034 0 54 theme Skeletal 158:165 arg1 Muscles 167:173 Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles 147:173 Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles 147:173 Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. 29211034 3 55 dep synthesis 453:461 arg1 The 449:451 The 449:451 The 449:451 The synthesis and remodelling of a transitional versican-rich matrix is necessary for myogenesis; whether glucocorticoids modulate this transitional matrix is not known. 29211034 4 56 theme C57BL/10 747:754 arg1 mice 766:769 C57BL/10 wild type mice 747:769 C57BL/10 wild type mice 747:769 Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. 29211034 4 57 from mice 766:769 arg1 muscles 700:706 hindlimb and diaphragm muscles 677:706 muscles 700:706 Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. 29211034 4 58 theme wild 756:759 arg1 mice 766:769 C57BL/10 wild type mice 747:769 C57BL/10 wild type mice 747:769 Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. 29211034 11 59 theme key 1795:1797 arg1 fusion 1777:1782 myoblast fusion 1768:1782 myoblast fusion 1768:1782 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 11 59 theme key 1795:1797 arg1 process 1787:1793 a process 1785:1793 a process key for muscle regeneration 1785:1821 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 11 60 theme relevant 1668:1675 arg1 gene 1684:1687 a novel and relevant target gene 1656:1687 a novel and relevant target gene in DMD 1656:1694 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 11 60 theme relevant 1668:1675 arg1 versican 1644:1651 versican 1644:1651 versican 1644:1651 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 3 61 theme transitional 484:495 arg1 matrix 511:516 a transitional versican-rich matrix 482:516 a transitional versican-rich matrix 482:516 The synthesis and remodelling of a transitional versican-rich matrix is necessary for myogenesis; whether glucocorticoids modulate this transitional matrix is not known. 29211034 9 62 theme exogenous 1446:1454 arg1 versican 1456:1463 exogenous versican 1446:1463 exogenous versican 1446:1463 The addition of exogenous versican impaired myoblast fusion, whilst glucocorticoids alleviated this inhibition in fusion. 29211034 1 63 theme dysregulated 216:227 arg1 matrix 243:248 a dysregulated extracellular matrix 214:248 a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) 214:254 In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. 29211034 1 63 theme dysregulated 216:227 arg1 ECM 251:253 ECM 251:253 ECM 251:253 In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. 29211034 8 64 theme glucocorticoid 1404:1417 arg1 treatment 1419:1427 glucocorticoid treatment 1404:1427 glucocorticoid treatment 1404:1427 Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. 29211034 11 65 theme target 1677:1682 arg1 gene 1684:1687 a novel and relevant target gene 1656:1687 a novel and relevant target gene in DMD 1656:1694 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 11 65 theme target 1677:1682 arg1 versican 1644:1651 versican 1644:1651 versican 1644:1651 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 3 66 theme versican-rich 497:509 arg1 matrix 511:516 a transitional versican-rich matrix 482:516 a transitional versican-rich matrix 482:516 The synthesis and remodelling of a transitional versican-rich matrix is necessary for myogenesis; whether glucocorticoids modulate this transitional matrix is not known. 29211034 1 67 theme extracellular 229:241 arg1 matrix 243:248 a dysregulated extracellular matrix 214:248 a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) 214:254 In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. 29211034 1 67 theme extracellular 229:241 arg1 ECM 251:253 ECM 251:253 ECM 251:253 In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. 29211034 5 68 theme Vcan 788:791 arg1 transcripts 799:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts 772:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts 772:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. 29211034 11 69 theme muscle 1803:1808 arg1 regeneration 1810:1821 muscle regeneration 1803:1821 muscle regeneration 1803:1821 We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration. 29211034 6 70 located detected 983:990 arg2 versican 958:965 Processed versican 948:965 Processed versican (versikine) 948:977 Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. 29211034 6 70 located detected 983:990 arg1 muscles 1020:1026 dystrophic muscles 1009:1026 dystrophic muscles 1009:1026 Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. 29211034 6 70 located detected 983:990 arg2 versikine 968:976 versikine 968:976 versikine 968:976 Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. 29211034 6 70 located detected 983:990 arg1 type 1000:1003 wild type 995:1003 wild type 995:1003 Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. 29211034 6 71 theme regenerated 1083:1093 arg1 myofibres 1095:1103 newly regenerated myofibres 1077:1103 newly regenerated myofibres 1077:1103 Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. 29211034 4 72 theme dystrophin-deficient 717:736 arg1 mice 738:741 mdx dystrophin-deficient mice 713:741 mdx dystrophin-deficient mice 713:741 Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. 29211034 8 73 theme synthase-2 1289:1298 arg1 transcripts 1312:1322 Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts 1262:1322 transcripts 1312:1322 Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. 29211034 8 74 theme Tgfβ1 1262:1266 arg1 transcripts 1312:1322 Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts 1262:1322 transcripts 1312:1322 Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. 29211034 4 75 theme mdx 713:715 arg1 mice 738:741 mdx dystrophin-deficient mice 713:741 mdx dystrophin-deficient mice 713:741 Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. 29211034 2 76 from therapeutics 319:330 arg1 DMD 335:337 DMD 335:337 DMD 335:337 Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. 29211034 5 77 theme versican 778:785 arg1 transcripts 799:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts 772:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts 772:809 V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. 28993208 11 0 theme opportunistic 1315:1327 arg1 organisms 1329:1337 opportunistic organisms 1315:1337 opportunistic organisms 1315:1337 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 14 1 theme IL-1β 1777:1781 arg1 levels 1767:1772 levels 1767:1772 levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex 1767:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 6 2 theme healthy 732:738 arg1 times 752:756 healthy donor three times 732:756 healthy donor three times a day 732:762 LPS+ FMT and LPS+FMT+VGX groups received nasogastric infusion of feces from healthy donor three times a day. 28993208 14 3 from number 1811:1816 arg1 cortex 1853:1858 the cortex 1849:1858 the cortex 1849:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 14 4 theme decreased 1801:1809 arg1 number 1811:1816 decreased number 1801:1816 decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex 1801:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 5 5 theme left 565:568 arg1 vagotomy 579:586 The left cervical vagotomy 561:586 The left cervical vagotomy 561:586 The left cervical vagotomy was performed 30min before LPS administration in LPS+FMT+VGX group. 28993208 6 6 theme feces 721:725 arg1 infusion 709:716 nasogastric infusion 697:716 nasogastric infusion of feces 697:725 LPS+ FMT and LPS+FMT+VGX groups received nasogastric infusion of feces from healthy donor three times a day. 28993208 7 7 theme Fecal 765:769 arg1 samples 771:777 Fecal samples 765:777 Fecal samples 765:777 Fecal samples were collected every two days to monitor changes in microbiota composition by 16S rDNA analysis. 28993208 15 8 theme intestinal 2030:2039 arg1 microbiota 2041:2050 intestinal microbiota 2030:2050 intestinal microbiota 2030:2050 CONCLUSIONS FMT can change intestinal microbiota in sepsis patients, and vagus nerve is a key mediator between intestinal microbiota and SAE. 28993208 5 9 theme LPS+FMT+VGX 637:647 arg1 group 649:653 LPS+FMT+VGX group 637:653 LPS+FMT+VGX group 637:653 The left cervical vagotomy was performed 30min before LPS administration in LPS+FMT+VGX group. 28993208 16 10 theme potential 2113:2121 arg1 targets 2131:2137 potential therapy targets 2113:2137 potential therapy targets for treating SAE 2113:2154 These findings suggest that FMT and vagus nerve are potential therapy targets for treating SAE. 28993208 16 10 theme potential 2113:2121 arg1 FMT 2089:2091 FMT 2089:2091 FMT 2089:2091 These findings suggest that FMT and vagus nerve are potential therapy targets for treating SAE. 28993208 16 10 theme potential 2113:2121 arg1 nerve 2103:2107 vagus nerve 2097:2107 vagus nerve 2097:2107 These findings suggest that FMT and vagus nerve are potential therapy targets for treating SAE. 28993208 14 11 from TNF-α 1790:1794 arg1 cortex 1853:1858 the cortex 1849:1858 the cortex 1849:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 6 12 dep times 752:756 arg1 day 760:762 a day 758:762 healthy donor three times a day 732:762 LPS+ FMT and LPS+FMT+VGX groups received nasogastric infusion of feces from healthy donor three times a day. 28993208 13 13 theme SH 1641:1642 arg1 group 1644:1648 SH group 1641:1648 SH group 1641:1648 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 3 14 from SAE 357:359 arg1 nerve 291:295 vague nerve 285:295 vague nerve 285:295 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 3 14 from SAE 357:359 arg1 mediator 306:313 a key mediator 300:313 a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE 300:359 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 2 15 theme gut-microbiota-brain 218:237 arg1 axis 239:242 gut-microbiota-brain axis 218:242 gut-microbiota-brain axis 218:242 Vagus nerve plays an important role in gut-microbiota-brain axis. 28993208 1 16 theme encephalopathy 131:144 arg1 pathogenesis 97:108 The pathogenesis 93:108 The pathogenesis of sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) 93:150 OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains poorly understood. 28993208 9 17 theme tumor 948:952 arg1 IL 998:999 interleukin (IL)-1β 985:1003 interleukin (IL)-1β 985:1003 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 17 theme tumor 948:952 arg1 TNF-α 977:981 TNF-α 977:981 TNF-α 977:981 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 17 theme tumor 948:952 arg1 IL-10 1012:1016 IL-10 1012:1016 IL-10 1012:1016 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 17 theme tumor 948:952 arg1 alpha 970:974 tumor necrosis factor alpha 948:974 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 948:982 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 17 theme tumor 948:952 arg1 IL-6 1006:1009 IL-6 1006:1009 IL-6 1006:1009 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 11 18 theme FMT 1385:1387 arg1 groups 1389:1394 FMT groups 1385:1394 FMT groups 1385:1394 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 0 19 theme vagus 70:74 arg1 nerve 76:80 the vagus nerve 66:80 the vagus nerve 66:80 Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis associated encephalopathy via the vagus nerve. 28993208 12 20 theme bacterial 1462:1470 arg1 community 1472:1480 a reconstituted bacterial community 1446:1480 a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria 1446:1534 Furthermore, we identified a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria. 28993208 9 21 from levels 938:943 arg1 cortex 1027:1032 brain cortex 1021:1032 brain cortex 1021:1032 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 13 22 theme microbiota 1602:1611 arg1 composition 1613:1623 the microbiota composition 1598:1623 the microbiota composition 1598:1623 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 10 23 theme Western 1139:1145 arg1 analysis 1152:1159 Western blot analysis 1139:1159 Western blot analysis 1139:1159 The expression of Iba-1 in brain cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. 28993208 14 24 theme EEG 1723:1725 arg1 abnormalities 1727:1739 less EEG abnormalities 1718:1739 less EEG abnormalities 1718:1739 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 11 25 theme LPS 1408:1410 arg1 group 1412:1416 LPS group 1408:1416 LPS group 1408:1416 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 15 26 theme intestinal 1946:1955 arg1 microbiota 1957:1966 intestinal microbiota 1946:1966 intestinal microbiota in sepsis patients 1946:1985 CONCLUSIONS FMT can change intestinal microbiota in sepsis patients, and vagus nerve is a key mediator between intestinal microbiota and SAE. 28993208 3 27 theme microbiota 343:352 arg1 impact 322:327 the impact 318:327 the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE 318:359 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 11 28 theme microbiota 1198:1207 arg1 composition 1209:1219 microbiota composition 1198:1219 microbiota composition 1198:1219 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 9 29 theme interleukin 985:995 arg1 IL 998:999 interleukin (IL)-1β 985:1003 interleukin (IL)-1β 985:1003 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 29 theme interleukin 985:995 arg1 alpha 970:974 tumor necrosis factor alpha 948:974 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 948:982 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 0 30 theme Intestinal 0:9 arg1 sepsis 29:34 Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis 0:34 Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis 0:34 Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis associated encephalopathy via the vagus nerve. 28993208 7 31 theme 16S 857:859 arg1 analysis 866:873 16S rDNA analysis 857:873 16S rDNA analysis 857:873 Fecal samples were collected every two days to monitor changes in microbiota composition by 16S rDNA analysis. 28993208 14 32 theme beneficial 1871:1880 arg1 effects 1882:1888 these beneficial effects 1865:1888 these beneficial effects of FMT 1865:1895 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 16 33 theme therapy 2123:2129 arg1 targets 2131:2137 potential therapy targets 2113:2137 potential therapy targets for treating SAE 2113:2154 These findings suggest that FMT and vagus nerve are potential therapy targets for treating SAE. 28993208 16 33 theme therapy 2123:2129 arg1 FMT 2089:2091 FMT 2089:2091 FMT 2089:2091 These findings suggest that FMT and vagus nerve are potential therapy targets for treating SAE. 28993208 16 33 theme therapy 2123:2129 arg1 nerve 2103:2107 vagus nerve 2097:2107 vagus nerve 2097:2107 These findings suggest that FMT and vagus nerve are potential therapy targets for treating SAE. 28993208 0 34 theme impact 22:27 arg1 sepsis 29:34 Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis 0:34 Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis 0:34 Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis associated encephalopathy via the vagus nerve. 28993208 4 35 dep group 437:441 arg1 group 554:558 +LPS+FMT group 545:558 +LPS+FMT group 545:558 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 1 36 theme sepsis 113:118 arg1 SAE 147:149 SAE 147:149 SAE 147:149 OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains poorly understood. 28993208 1 36 theme sepsis 113:118 arg1 encephalopathy 131:144 sepsis associated encephalopathy 113:144 sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) 113:150 OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains poorly understood. 28993208 4 37 dep METHODS 362:368 arg1 divided 394:400 divided 394:400 were randomly divided into four groups (n=20) 380:424 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 14 38 theme better 1692:1697 arg1 memory 1707:1712 a better spatial memory 1690:1712 a better spatial memory 1690:1712 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 6 39 theme nasogastric 697:707 arg1 infusion 709:716 nasogastric infusion 697:716 nasogastric infusion of feces 697:725 LPS+ FMT and LPS+FMT+VGX groups received nasogastric infusion of feces from healthy donor three times a day. 28993208 4 40 theme microbiota 482:491 arg1 group 520:524 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group 476:524 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group 476:524 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 13 41 theme FMT 1545:1547 arg1 groups 1549:1554 both FMT groups 1540:1554 both FMT groups 1540:1554 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 9 42 theme brain 1021:1025 arg1 cortex 1027:1032 brain cortex 1021:1032 brain cortex 1021:1032 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 14 43 theme positive 1827:1834 arg1 microglia 1836:1844 Iba-1 positive microglia 1821:1844 Iba-1 positive microglia 1821:1844 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 9 44 theme alpha 970:974 arg1 levels 938:943 The levels 934:943 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex 934:1032 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 7 45 theme microbiota 831:840 arg1 composition 842:852 microbiota composition 831:852 microbiota composition 831:852 Fecal samples were collected every two days to monitor changes in microbiota composition by 16S rDNA analysis. 28993208 3 46 from mediator 306:313 arg1 SAE 357:359 SAE 357:359 SAE 357:359 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 11 47 mod modification 1182:1193 arg3 RESULTS 1162:1168 RESULTS 1162:1168 RESULTS Significant modification 1162:1193 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 11 47 mod modification 1182:1193 arg1 composition 1209:1219 microbiota composition 1198:1219 microbiota composition 1198:1219 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 5 48 theme cervical 570:577 arg1 vagotomy 579:586 The left cervical vagotomy 561:586 The left cervical vagotomy 561:586 The left cervical vagotomy was performed 30min before LPS administration in LPS+FMT+VGX group. 28993208 6 49 theme LPS+ 656:659 arg1 FMT 661:663 LPS+ FMT and LPS+FMT+VGX groups 656:686 FMT 661:663 LPS+ FMT and LPS+FMT+VGX groups received nasogastric infusion of feces from healthy donor three times a day. 28993208 10 50 theme brain 1085:1089 arg1 cortex 1091:1096 brain cortex 1085:1096 brain cortex 1085:1096 The expression of Iba-1 in brain cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. 28993208 8 51 theme behavioral 908:917 arg1 tests 919:923 behavioral tests 908:923 behavioral tests 908:923 Brain function was evaluated by behavioral tests and EEG. 28993208 11 52 theme RESULTS 1162:1168 arg1 modification 1182:1193 RESULTS Significant modification 1162:1193 RESULTS Significant modification 1162:1193 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 10 53 theme Iba-1 1076:1080 arg1 expression 1062:1071 The expression 1058:1071 The expression of Iba-1 in brain cortex 1058:1096 The expression of Iba-1 in brain cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. 28993208 15 54 from microbiota 1957:1966 arg1 patients 1978:1985 sepsis patients 1971:1985 sepsis patients 1971:1985 CONCLUSIONS FMT can change intestinal microbiota in sepsis patients, and vagus nerve is a key mediator between intestinal microbiota and SAE. 28993208 6 55 theme donor 740:744 arg1 times 752:756 healthy donor three times 732:756 healthy donor three times a day 732:762 LPS+ FMT and LPS+FMT+VGX groups received nasogastric infusion of feces from healthy donor three times a day. 28993208 14 56 theme number 1811:1816 arg1 levels 1767:1772 levels 1767:1772 levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex 1767:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 4 57 theme Male 370:373 arg1 rats 375:378 Male rats 370:378 Male rats 370:378 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 13 58 theme composition 1613:1623 arg1 diversity 1560:1568 the diversity 1556:1568 the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition 1556:1623 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 13 58 theme composition 1613:1623 arg1 similar 1630:1636 similar 1630:1636 similar 1630:1636 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 14 59 theme TNF-α 1790:1794 arg1 levels 1767:1772 levels 1767:1772 levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex 1767:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 4 60 theme SHAM 427:430 arg1 group 437:441 SHAM (SH) group 427:441 SHAM (SH) group 427:441 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 14 61 from IL-6 1784:1787 arg1 cortex 1853:1858 the cortex 1849:1858 the cortex 1849:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 10 62 from expression 1062:1071 arg1 cortex 1091:1096 brain cortex 1085:1096 brain cortex 1085:1096 The expression of Iba-1 in brain cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. 28993208 11 63 from depletion 1302:1310 arg1 increase 1250:1257 a profound increase 1239:1257 a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum 1239:1366 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 11 63 from depletion 1302:1310 arg1 Proteobacteria 1346:1359 the Proteobacteria 1342:1359 the Proteobacteria 1342:1359 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 14 64 theme IL-6 1784:1787 arg1 levels 1767:1772 levels 1767:1772 levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex 1767:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 3 65 theme vague 285:289 arg1 nerve 291:295 vague nerve 285:295 vague nerve 285:295 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 3 65 theme vague 285:289 arg1 mediator 306:313 a key mediator 300:313 a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE 300:359 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 11 66 theme profound 1241:1248 arg1 increase 1250:1257 a profound increase 1239:1257 a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum 1239:1366 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 1 67 theme associated 120:129 arg1 SAE 147:149 SAE 147:149 SAE 147:149 OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains poorly understood. 28993208 1 67 theme associated 120:129 arg1 encephalopathy 131:144 sepsis associated encephalopathy 113:144 sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) 113:150 OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains poorly understood. 28993208 16 68 theme vagus 2097:2101 arg1 targets 2131:2137 potential therapy targets 2113:2137 potential therapy targets for treating SAE 2113:2154 These findings suggest that FMT and vagus nerve are potential therapy targets for treating SAE. 28993208 16 68 theme vagus 2097:2101 arg1 FMT 2089:2091 FMT 2089:2091 FMT 2089:2091 These findings suggest that FMT and vagus nerve are potential therapy targets for treating SAE. 28993208 16 68 theme vagus 2097:2101 arg1 nerve 2103:2107 vagus nerve 2097:2107 vagus nerve 2097:2107 These findings suggest that FMT and vagus nerve are potential therapy targets for treating SAE. 28993208 1 69 dep OBJECTIVE 83:91 arg1 remains 152:158 remains 152:158 remains poorly understood 152:176 OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains poorly understood. 28993208 5 70 theme LPS 615:617 arg1 administration 619:632 LPS administration 615:632 LPS administration 615:632 The left cervical vagotomy was performed 30min before LPS administration in LPS+FMT+VGX group. 28993208 3 71 from impact 322:327 arg1 SAE 357:359 SAE 357:359 SAE 357:359 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 14 72 from cortex 1853:1858 arg1 levels 1767:1772 levels 1767:1772 levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex 1767:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 12 73 theme reconstituted 1448:1460 arg1 community 1472:1480 a reconstituted bacterial community 1446:1480 a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria 1446:1534 Furthermore, we identified a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria. 28993208 3 74 theme key 302:304 arg1 nerve 291:295 vague nerve 285:295 vague nerve 285:295 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 3 74 theme key 302:304 arg1 mediator 306:313 a key mediator 300:313 a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE 300:359 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 9 75 theme necrosis 954:961 arg1 IL 998:999 interleukin (IL)-1β 985:1003 interleukin (IL)-1β 985:1003 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 75 theme necrosis 954:961 arg1 TNF-α 977:981 TNF-α 977:981 TNF-α 977:981 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 75 theme necrosis 954:961 arg1 IL-10 1012:1016 IL-10 1012:1016 IL-10 1012:1016 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 75 theme necrosis 954:961 arg1 alpha 970:974 tumor necrosis factor alpha 948:974 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 948:982 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 75 theme necrosis 954:961 arg1 IL-6 1006:1009 IL-6 1006:1009 IL-6 1006:1009 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 11 76 from phylum 1291:1296 arg1 increase 1250:1257 a profound increase 1239:1257 a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum 1239:1366 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 15 77 theme key 2009:2011 arg1 mediator 2013:2020 a key mediator 2007:2020 a key mediator between intestinal microbiota and SAE 2007:2058 CONCLUSIONS FMT can change intestinal microbiota in sepsis patients, and vagus nerve is a key mediator between intestinal microbiota and SAE. 28993208 15 77 theme key 2009:2011 arg1 nerve 1998:2002 vagus nerve 1992:2002 vagus nerve 1992:2002 CONCLUSIONS FMT can change intestinal microbiota in sepsis patients, and vagus nerve is a key mediator between intestinal microbiota and SAE. 28993208 3 78 theme intestinal 332:341 arg1 microbiota 343:352 intestinal microbiota 332:352 intestinal microbiota 332:352 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 9 79 theme factor 963:968 arg1 IL 998:999 interleukin (IL)-1β 985:1003 interleukin (IL)-1β 985:1003 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 79 theme factor 963:968 arg1 TNF-α 977:981 TNF-α 977:981 TNF-α 977:981 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 79 theme factor 963:968 arg1 IL-10 1012:1016 IL-10 1012:1016 IL-10 1012:1016 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 79 theme factor 963:968 arg1 alpha 970:974 tumor necrosis factor alpha 948:974 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 948:982 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 9 79 theme factor 963:968 arg1 IL-6 1006:1009 IL-6 1006:1009 IL-6 1006:1009 The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in brain cortex were detected by ELISA. 28993208 10 80 theme blot 1147:1150 arg1 analysis 1152:1159 Western blot analysis 1139:1159 Western blot analysis 1139:1159 The expression of Iba-1 in brain cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. 28993208 11 81 from increase 1250:1257 arg1 depletion 1302:1310 depletion 1302:1310 depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria 1302:1359 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 11 81 from increase 1250:1257 arg1 phylum 1291:1296 Firmicutes phylum 1280:1296 Firmicutes phylum 1280:1296 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 3 82 theme impact 322:327 arg1 nerve 291:295 vague nerve 285:295 vague nerve 285:295 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 3 82 theme impact 322:327 arg1 mediator 306:313 a key mediator 300:313 a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE 300:359 This study aimed to investigate whether vague nerve is a key mediator of the impact of intestinal microbiota on SAE. 28993208 11 83 theme Significant 1170:1180 arg1 modification 1182:1193 RESULTS Significant modification 1162:1193 RESULTS Significant modification 1162:1193 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 11 84 from commensals 1262:1271 arg1 depletion 1302:1310 depletion 1302:1310 depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria 1302:1359 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 11 84 from commensals 1262:1271 arg1 phylum 1291:1296 Firmicutes phylum 1280:1296 Firmicutes phylum 1280:1296 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 14 85 theme FMT 1893:1895 arg1 effects 1882:1888 these beneficial effects 1865:1888 these beneficial effects of FMT 1865:1895 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 4 86 theme lipopolysaccharide 444:461 arg1 group 469:473 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group 444:473 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group 444:473 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 13 87 theme microbiota 1583:1592 arg1 diversity 1560:1568 the diversity 1556:1568 the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition 1556:1623 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 13 87 theme microbiota 1583:1592 arg1 similar 1630:1636 similar 1630:1636 similar 1630:1636 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 7 88 from changes 820:826 arg1 composition 842:852 microbiota composition 831:852 microbiota composition 831:852 Fecal samples were collected every two days to monitor changes in microbiota composition by 16S rDNA analysis. 28993208 11 89 theme organisms 1329:1337 arg1 depletion 1302:1310 depletion 1302:1310 depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria 1302:1359 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 5 90 dep 30min 602:606 arg1 administration 619:632 LPS administration 615:632 LPS administration 615:632 The left cervical vagotomy was performed 30min before LPS administration in LPS+FMT+VGX group. 28993208 0 91 theme microbiota 11:20 arg1 sepsis 29:34 Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis 0:34 Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis 0:34 Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis associated encephalopathy via the vagus nerve. 28993208 4 92 theme FMT 510:512 arg1 group 520:524 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group 476:524 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group 476:524 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 13 93 theme fecal 1577:1581 arg1 microbiota 1583:1592 the fecal microbiota 1573:1592 the fecal microbiota 1573:1592 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 7 94 theme rDNA 861:864 arg1 analysis 866:873 16S rDNA analysis 857:873 16S rDNA analysis 857:873 Fecal samples were collected every two days to monitor changes in microbiota composition by 16S rDNA analysis. 28993208 4 95 theme +LPS 515:518 arg1 group 520:524 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group 476:524 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group 476:524 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 11 96 located observed 1373:1380 arg1 groups 1389:1394 FMT groups 1385:1394 FMT groups 1385:1394 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 11 96 located observed 1373:1380 arg2 modification 1182:1193 RESULTS Significant modification 1162:1193 RESULTS Significant modification 1162:1193 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 14 97 theme spatial 1699:1705 arg1 memory 1707:1712 a better spatial memory 1690:1712 a better spatial memory 1690:1712 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 15 98 theme vagus 1992:1996 arg1 mediator 2013:2020 a key mediator 2007:2020 a key mediator between intestinal microbiota and SAE 2007:2058 CONCLUSIONS FMT can change intestinal microbiota in sepsis patients, and vagus nerve is a key mediator between intestinal microbiota and SAE. 28993208 15 98 theme vagus 1992:1996 arg1 nerve 1998:2002 vagus nerve 1992:2002 vagus nerve 1992:2002 CONCLUSIONS FMT can change intestinal microbiota in sepsis patients, and vagus nerve is a key mediator between intestinal microbiota and SAE. 28993208 4 99 theme fecal 476:480 arg1 group 520:524 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group 476:524 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group 476:524 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 11 100 theme commensals 1262:1271 arg1 increase 1250:1257 a profound increase 1239:1257 a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum 1239:1366 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 2 101 theme Vagus 179:183 arg1 nerve 185:189 Vagus nerve 179:189 Vagus nerve 179:189 Vagus nerve plays an important role in gut-microbiota-brain axis. 28993208 13 102 from similar 1630:1636 arg1 groups 1549:1554 both FMT groups 1540:1554 both FMT groups 1540:1554 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 11 103 dep phylum 1291:1296 arg1 the 1276:1278 the 1276:1278 the 1276:1278 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 11 103 dep phylum 1291:1296 arg1 phylum 1361:1366 phylum 1361:1366 phylum 1361:1366 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 4 104 theme transplantation 493:507 arg1 group 520:524 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group 476:524 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group 476:524 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 12 105 dep community 1472:1480 arg1 enriched 1482:1489 enriched 1482:1489 enriched in Firmicutes 1482:1503 Furthermore, we identified a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria. 28993208 12 105 dep community 1472:1480 arg1 depleted 1509:1516 depleted 1509:1516 depleted of Proteobacteria 1509:1534 Furthermore, we identified a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria. 28993208 11 106 theme composition 1209:1219 arg1 modification 1182:1193 RESULTS Significant modification 1162:1193 RESULTS Significant modification 1162:1193 RESULTS Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in FMT groups compared to LPS group. 28993208 14 107 from levels 1767:1772 arg1 cortex 1853:1858 the cortex 1849:1858 the cortex 1849:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 14 108 theme microglia 1836:1844 arg1 TNF-α 1790:1794 TNF-α 1790:1794 TNF-α 1790:1794 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 14 108 theme microglia 1836:1844 arg1 number 1811:1816 decreased number 1801:1816 decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex 1801:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 14 108 theme microglia 1836:1844 arg1 IL-6 1784:1787 IL-6 1784:1787 IL-6 1784:1787 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 14 108 theme microglia 1836:1844 arg1 IL-1β 1777:1781 IL-1β 1777:1781 IL-1β 1777:1781 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 2 109 theme important 200:208 arg1 role 210:213 an important role 197:213 an important role 197:213 Vagus nerve plays an important role in gut-microbiota-brain axis. 28993208 6 110 theme LPS+FMT+VGX 669:679 arg1 groups 681:686 LPS+ FMT and LPS+FMT+VGX groups 656:686 groups 681:686 LPS+ FMT and LPS+FMT+VGX groups received nasogastric infusion of feces from healthy donor three times a day. 28993208 14 111 from IL-1β 1777:1781 arg1 cortex 1853:1858 the cortex 1849:1858 the cortex 1849:1858 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 13 112 from groups 1549:1554 arg1 diversity 1560:1568 the diversity 1556:1568 the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition 1556:1623 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 13 112 from groups 1549:1554 arg1 similar 1630:1636 similar 1630:1636 similar 1630:1636 In both FMT groups the diversity of the fecal microbiota and the microbiota composition were similar to SH group. 28993208 14 113 theme Iba-1 1821:1825 arg1 microglia 1836:1844 Iba-1 positive microglia 1821:1844 Iba-1 positive microglia 1821:1844 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 28993208 8 114 theme Brain 876:880 arg1 function 882:889 Brain function 876:889 Brain function 876:889 Brain function was evaluated by behavioral tests and EEG. 28993208 4 115 theme +LPS+FMT 545:552 arg1 group 554:558 +LPS+FMT group 545:558 +LPS+FMT group 545:558 METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20): SHAM (SH) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) +LPS group, and vagotomy (VGX)+LPS+FMT group. 28993208 15 116 theme sepsis 1971:1976 arg1 patients 1978:1985 sepsis patients 1971:1985 sepsis patients 1971:1985 CONCLUSIONS FMT can change intestinal microbiota in sepsis patients, and vagus nerve is a key mediator between intestinal microbiota and SAE. 28993208 14 117 theme LPS 1651:1653 arg1 mice 1655:1658 LPS mice 1651:1658 LPS mice treated with FMT 1651:1675 LPS mice treated with FMT demonstrated a better spatial memory and less EEG abnormalities, significantly attenuated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased number of Iba-1 positive microglia in the cortex, but these beneficial effects of FMT were reversed by VGX. 29120819 7 0 theme cell 1980:1983 arg1 therapy 1985:1991 stem cell therapy 1975:1991 stem cell therapy 1975:1991 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 3 1 theme IEC 943:945 arg1 monolayer 947:955 an IEC monolayer 940:955 an IEC monolayer 940:955 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 4 2 theme IEC 1021:1023 arg1 attachment 1025:1034 IEC attachment 1021:1034 IEC attachment 1021:1034 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 5 3 theme Lgr5-GFP+ 1371:1379 arg1 cells 1381:1385 Lgr5-GFP+ cells 1371:1385 Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts 1371:1420 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 1 4 theme batch-to-batch 245:258 arg1 variability 260:270 batch-to-batch variability 245:270 batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture) 245:309 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 7 5 theme BLT 1752:1754 arg1 system 1773:1778 our BLT Sandwich culture system 1748:1778 our BLT Sandwich culture system 1748:1778 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 7 6 theme culture 1765:1771 arg1 system 1773:1778 our BLT Sandwich culture system 1748:1778 our BLT Sandwich culture system 1748:1778 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 2 7 theme higher 686:691 arg1 population 661:670 an Lgr5+ population 652:670 an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 652:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 2 8 theme cells 626:630 arg1 growth 578:583 the growth 574:583 the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 574:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 2 9 theme Matrigel-based 727:740 arg1 culture 751:757 a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 716:757 a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 716:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 7 10 theme clinical 1948:1955 arg1 utility 1957:1963 clinical utility 1948:1963 clinical utility 1948:1963 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 2 11 theme intestinal 604:613 arg1 IECs 633:636 IECs 633:636 IECs 633:636 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 2 11 theme intestinal 604:613 arg1 cells 626:630 human intestinal epithelial cells 598:630 human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 598:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 4 12 theme cell 1118:1121 arg1 β4 1180:1181 integrin β4 1171:1181 integrin β4 1171:1181 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 4 12 theme cell 1118:1121 arg1 receptors 1140:1148 distinct cell surface adhesion receptors 1109:1148 distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) 1109:1182 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 6 13 theme Sandwich 1459:1466 arg1 capable 1479:1485 capable 1479:1485 capable 1479:1485 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 6 13 theme Sandwich 1459:1466 arg1 culture 1468:1474 the BLT Sandwich culture 1451:1474 the BLT Sandwich culture 1451:1474 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 1 14 theme significant 165:175 arg1 compositions 231:242 animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions 196:242 animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions 196:242 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 1 14 theme significant 165:175 arg1 variability 260:270 batch-to-batch variability 245:270 batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture) 245:309 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 1 14 theme significant 165:175 arg1 challenges 177:186 significant challenges 165:186 significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging 165:443 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 1 14 theme significant 165:175 arg1 complexity 316:325 complexity 316:325 complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging 316:443 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 7 15 theme ISCs 1939:1942 arg1 number 1929:1934 a large number 1921:1934 a large number of ISCs 1921:1942 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 2 16 theme culture 545:551 arg1 system 553:558 a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system 509:558 a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 509:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 4 17 dep α2β1 1165:1168 arg1 i.e. 1151:1154 i.e. 1151:1154 i.e. 1151:1154 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 0 18 theme intestinal 109:118 arg1 cells 125:129 intestinal stem cells 109:129 intestinal stem cells 109:129 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 1 19 theme animal-derived 196:209 arg1 compositions 231:242 animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions 196:242 animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions 196:242 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 4 20 theme integrin 1156:1163 arg1 α2β1 1165:1168 integrin α2β1 1156:1168 integrin α2β1 1156:1168 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 1 21 theme clinical 404:411 arg1 translation 413:423 clinical translation 404:423 clinical translation 404:423 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 6 22 theme LGR5 1531:1534 arg1 levels 1541:1546 higher LGR5 mRNA levels 1524:1546 higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture 1524:1581 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 7 23 theme epithelial 1690:1699 arg1 homeostasis 1701:1711 intestinal epithelial homeostasis 1679:1711 intestinal epithelial homeostasis 1679:1711 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 6 24 theme LGR5+ 1622:1626 arg1 ISCs 1628:1631 human LGR5+ ISCs 1616:1631 human LGR5+ ISCs 1616:1631 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 2 25 theme comparable 672:681 arg1 population 661:670 an Lgr5+ population 652:670 an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 652:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 4 26 theme adhesion 1131:1138 arg1 β4 1180:1181 integrin β4 1171:1181 integrin β4 1171:1181 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 4 26 theme adhesion 1131:1138 arg1 receptors 1140:1148 distinct cell surface adhesion receptors 1109:1148 distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) 1109:1182 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 0 27 theme monolayer 47:55 arg1 culture 57:63 small molecule based monolayer culture 26:63 small molecule based monolayer culture 26:63 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 6 28 theme human-derived 1500:1512 arg1 IECs 1514:1517 human-derived IECs 1500:1517 human-derived IECs 1500:1517 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 1 29 dep culture 302:308 arg1 e.g. 273:276 e.g. 273:276 e.g. 273:276 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 3 30 theme Lgr5 802:805 arg1 culture 839:845 the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture 787:845 the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture 787:845 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 1 31 theme cell 339:342 arg1 aggregates 344:353 cell aggregates 339:353 cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging 339:443 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 1 31 theme cell 339:342 arg1 organoids 363:371 organoids 363:371 organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging 363:443 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 1 32 theme ISC 140:142 arg1 systems 152:158 Current ISC culture systems 132:158 Current ISC culture systems 132:158 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 5 33 theme BLT 1225:1227 arg1 system 1238:1243 our BLT Sandwich system 1221:1243 our BLT Sandwich system 1221:1243 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 3 34 theme porous 879:884 arg1 substrate 886:894 a collagen IV-coated porous substrate 858:894 a collagen IV-coated porous substrate 858:894 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 2 35 theme organoid 742:749 arg1 culture 751:757 a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 716:757 a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 716:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 5 36 theme small 1398:1402 arg1 crypts 1415:1420 mouse small intestinal crypts 1392:1420 mouse small intestinal crypts 1392:1420 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 5 37 theme bone 1280:1283 arg1 inhibitor 1322:1330 a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1278:1343 a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1278:1343 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 6 38 link human-derived 1500:1512 arg1 IECs 1514:1517 human-derived IECs 1500:1517 human-derived IECs 1500:1517 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 3 39 theme collagen 860:867 arg1 substrate 886:894 a collagen IV-coated porous substrate 858:894 a collagen IV-coated porous substrate 858:894 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 2 40 theme Lgr5+ 655:659 arg1 population 661:670 an Lgr5+ population 652:670 an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 652:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 5 41 theme protein 1299:1305 arg1 inhibitor 1322:1330 a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1278:1343 a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1278:1343 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 7 42 theme ISC-mediated 1877:1888 arg1 diseases 1894:1901 modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases 1868:1901 modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases 1868:1901 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 6 43 theme conventional 1553:1564 arg1 culture 1575:1581 conventional Matrigel culture 1553:1581 conventional Matrigel culture 1553:1581 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 3 44 theme collagen 902:909 arg1 overlay 917:923 a collagen I gel overlay 900:923 a collagen I gel overlay 900:923 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 7 45 theme great 1786:1790 arg1 potential 1792:1800 great potential 1786:1800 great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy) 1786:1992 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 0 46 theme defined 10:16 arg1 system 65:70 a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system 8:70 a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells 8:129 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 1 47 theme organoid 293:300 arg1 culture 302:308 Matrigel-based organoid culture 278:308 Matrigel-based organoid culture 278:308 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 2 48 theme suitable 474:481 arg1 components 487:496 suitable ECM components 474:496 suitable ECM components 474:496 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 7 49 dep potential 1792:1800 arg1 expanding 1911:1919 expanding 1911:1919 expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy) 1911:1992 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 7 49 dep potential 1792:1800 arg1 manipulating 1824:1835 manipulating 1824:1835 manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) 1824:1902 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 7 49 dep potential 1792:1800 arg1 understanding 1806:1818 understanding 1806:1818 understanding 1806:1818 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 7 50 theme intestinal 1679:1688 arg1 homeostasis 1701:1711 intestinal epithelial homeostasis 1679:1711 intestinal epithelial homeostasis 1679:1711 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 2 51 dep defined 511:517 arg1 based 529:533 based 529:533 based 529:533 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 4 52 theme distinct 973:980 arg1 cues 991:994 The distinct collagen cues 969:994 The distinct collagen cues 969:994 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 0 53 theme molecule 32:39 arg1 culture 57:63 small molecule based monolayer culture 26:63 small molecule based monolayer culture 26:63 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 7 54 theme biology 1841:1847 arg1 in vitro 1849:1856 ISC biology in vitro 1837:1856 ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) 1837:1902 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 3 55 theme gel 913:915 arg1 overlay 917:923 a collagen I gel overlay 900:923 a collagen I gel overlay 900:923 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 4 56 theme surface 1123:1129 arg1 β4 1180:1181 integrin β4 1171:1181 integrin β4 1171:1181 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 4 56 theme surface 1123:1129 arg1 receptors 1140:1148 distinct cell surface adhesion receptors 1109:1148 distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) 1109:1182 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 5 57 theme BMP 1308:1310 arg1 inhibitor 1322:1330 a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1278:1343 a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1278:1343 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 1 58 theme matrix 224:229 arg1 compositions 231:242 animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions 196:242 animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions 196:242 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 7 59 theme Sandwich 1756:1763 arg1 system 1773:1778 our BLT Sandwich culture system 1748:1778 our BLT Sandwich culture system 1748:1778 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 4 60 theme attachment 1025:1034 arg1 expression 1061:1070 IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression 1021:1070 IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression 1021:1070 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 5 61 theme receptor 1313:1320 arg1 inhibitor 1322:1330 a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1278:1343 a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1278:1343 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 2 62 theme mouse 588:592 arg1 growth 578:583 the growth 574:583 the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 574:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 4 63 theme proliferation 1037:1049 arg1 expression 1061:1070 IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression 1021:1070 IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression 1021:1070 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 5 64 theme cells 1381:1385 arg1 expansion 1358:1366 the expansion 1354:1366 the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts 1354:1420 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 7 65 theme stem 1975:1978 arg1 therapy 1985:1991 stem cell therapy 1975:1991 stem cell therapy 1975:1991 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 4 66 theme distinct 1109:1116 arg1 β4 1180:1181 integrin β4 1171:1181 integrin β4 1171:1181 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 4 66 theme distinct 1109:1116 arg1 receptors 1140:1148 distinct cell surface adhesion receptors 1109:1148 distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) 1109:1182 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 5 67 theme mouse 1392:1396 arg1 crypts 1415:1420 mouse small intestinal crypts 1392:1420 mouse small intestinal crypts 1392:1420 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 1 68 theme culture 144:150 arg1 systems 152:158 Current ISC culture systems 132:158 Current ISC culture systems 132:158 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 2 69 theme epithelial 615:624 arg1 IECs 633:636 IECs 633:636 IECs 633:636 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 2 69 theme epithelial 615:624 arg1 cells 626:630 human intestinal epithelial cells 598:630 human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 598:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 2 70 theme standard 718:725 arg1 culture 751:757 a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 716:757 a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 716:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 5 71 from crypts 1415:1420 arg1 expansion 1358:1366 the expansion 1354:1366 the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts 1354:1420 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 5 71 from crypts 1415:1420 arg1 cells 1381:1385 Lgr5-GFP+ cells 1371:1385 Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts 1371:1420 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 2 72 theme human 598:602 arg1 IECs 633:636 IECs 633:636 IECs 633:636 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 2 72 theme human 598:602 arg1 cells 626:630 human intestinal epithelial cells 598:630 human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 598:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 0 73 theme human 103:107 arg1 expansion 80:88 the expansion 76:88 the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells 76:129 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 6 74 theme BLT 1455:1457 arg1 capable 1479:1485 capable 1479:1485 capable 1479:1485 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 6 74 theme BLT 1455:1457 arg1 culture 1468:1474 the BLT Sandwich culture 1451:1474 the BLT Sandwich culture 1451:1474 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 2 75 theme monolayer 535:543 arg1 system 553:558 a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system 509:558 a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 509:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 0 76 theme stem 120:123 arg1 cells 125:129 intestinal stem cells 109:129 intestinal stem cells 109:129 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 6 77 theme mRNA 1536:1539 arg1 levels 1541:1546 higher LGR5 mRNA levels 1524:1546 higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture 1524:1581 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 7 78 theme large 1923:1927 arg1 number 1929:1934 a large number 1921:1934 a large number of ISCs 1921:1942 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 6 79 theme ISCs 1628:1631 arg1 expansion 1603:1611 superior expansion 1594:1611 superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs 1594:1631 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 4 80 theme integrin 1171:1178 arg1 β4 1180:1181 integrin β4 1171:1181 integrin β4 1171:1181 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 4 80 theme integrin 1171:1178 arg1 receptors 1140:1148 distinct cell surface adhesion receptors 1109:1148 distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) 1109:1182 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 5 81 theme Sandwich 1229:1236 arg1 system 1238:1243 our BLT Sandwich system 1221:1243 our BLT Sandwich system 1221:1243 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 6 82 theme higher 1524:1529 arg1 levels 1541:1546 higher LGR5 mRNA levels 1524:1546 higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture 1524:1581 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 3 83 theme Sandwich 830:837 arg1 culture 839:845 the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture 787:845 the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture 787:845 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 6 84 theme human 1616:1620 arg1 ISCs 1628:1631 human LGR5+ ISCs 1616:1631 human LGR5+ ISCs 1616:1631 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 4 85 theme receptors 1140:1148 arg1 engagement 1095:1104 the engagement 1091:1104 the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) 1091:1182 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 4 85 theme receptors 1140:1148 arg1 polarity 1193:1200 cell polarity 1188:1200 cell polarity 1188:1200 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 0 86 theme culture 57:63 arg1 system 65:70 a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system 8:70 a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells 8:129 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 1 87 theme ISCs 428:431 arg1 research 391:398 the research 387:398 the research 387:398 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 1 87 theme ISCs 428:431 arg1 translation 413:423 clinical translation 404:423 clinical translation 404:423 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 3 88 theme BLT 825:827 arg1 culture 839:845 the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture 787:845 the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture 787:845 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 1 89 theme Current 132:138 arg1 systems 152:158 Current ISC culture systems 132:158 Current ISC culture systems 132:158 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 2 90 theme ECM 483:485 arg1 components 487:496 suitable ECM components 474:496 suitable ECM components 474:496 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 1 91 link animal-derived 196:209 arg1 compositions 231:242 animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions 196:242 animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions 196:242 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 3 92 theme Transformational 807:822 arg1 culture 839:845 the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture 787:845 the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture 787:845 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 6 93 theme superior 1594:1601 arg1 expansion 1603:1611 superior expansion 1594:1611 superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs 1594:1631 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 0 94 dep mouse 93:97 arg1 cells 125:129 intestinal stem cells 109:129 intestinal stem cells 109:129 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 7 95 theme Lgr5+ 1660:1664 arg1 ISCs 1666:1669 Lgr5+ ISCs 1660:1669 Lgr5+ ISCs 1660:1669 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 2 96 theme defined 511:517 arg1 system 553:558 a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system 509:558 a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 509:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 3 97 theme Bolstering 791:800 arg1 culture 839:845 the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture 787:845 the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture 787:845 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 0 98 theme mouse 93:97 arg1 expansion 80:88 the expansion 76:88 the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells 76:129 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 7 99 theme gut 1890:1892 arg1 diseases 1894:1901 modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases 1868:1901 modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases 1868:1901 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 7 100 theme key 1650:1652 arg1 roles 1654:1658 the key roles 1646:1658 the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration 1646:1728 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 5 101 theme intestinal 1404:1413 arg1 crypts 1415:1420 mouse small intestinal crypts 1392:1420 mouse small intestinal crypts 1392:1420 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 7 102 dep roles 1654:1658 arg1 play 1671:1674 play 1671:1674 play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration 1671:1728 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 5 103 theme morphogenetic 1285:1297 arg1 inhibitor 1322:1330 a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1278:1343 a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1278:1343 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 7 104 theme modeling 1868:1875 arg1 diseases 1894:1901 modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases 1868:1901 modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases 1868:1901 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 6 105 theme Matrigel 1566:1573 arg1 culture 1575:1581 conventional Matrigel culture 1553:1581 conventional Matrigel culture 1553:1581 Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. 29120819 3 106 theme IV-coated 869:877 arg1 substrate 886:894 a collagen IV-coated porous substrate 858:894 a collagen IV-coated porous substrate 858:894 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 4 107 theme collagen 982:989 arg1 cues 991:994 The distinct collagen cues 969:994 The distinct collagen cues 969:994 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 4 108 theme cell 1188:1191 arg1 polarity 1193:1200 cell polarity 1188:1200 cell polarity 1188:1200 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 0 109 theme ECM 18:20 arg1 system 65:70 a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system 8:70 a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells 8:129 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 1 110 theme Matrigel-based 278:291 arg1 culture 302:308 Matrigel-based organoid culture 278:308 Matrigel-based organoid culture 278:308 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 3 111 theme I 911:911 arg1 overlay 917:923 a collagen I gel overlay 900:923 a collagen I gel overlay 900:923 The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. 29120819 7 112 dep expanding 1911:1919 arg1 e.g. 1966:1969 e.g. 1966:1969 e.g. 1966:1969 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 0 113 theme small 26:30 arg1 culture 57:63 small molecule based monolayer culture 26:63 small molecule based monolayer culture 26:63 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 5 114 theme inhibitor 1322:1330 arg1 addition 1266:1273 the addition 1262:1273 the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) 1262:1343 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 0 115 theme based 41:45 arg1 culture 57:63 small molecule based monolayer culture 26:63 small molecule based monolayer culture 26:63 Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. 29120819 7 116 theme ISC 1837:1839 arg1 in vitro 1849:1856 ISC biology in vitro 1837:1856 ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) 1837:1902 Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy). 29120819 5 117 from expansion 1358:1366 arg1 crypts 1415:1420 mouse small intestinal crypts 1392:1420 mouse small intestinal crypts 1392:1420 Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. 29120819 1 118 theme undefined 214:222 arg1 compositions 231:242 animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions 196:242 animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions 196:242 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 29120819 2 119 located found 707:711 arg2 levels 700:705 the levels 696:705 the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 696:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 2 119 located found 707:711 arg1 culture 751:757 a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 716:757 a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture 716:757 Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. 29120819 4 120 theme Lgr5 1056:1059 arg1 expression 1061:1070 IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression 1021:1070 IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression 1021:1070 The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. 29120819 1 121 dep renders 379:385 arg1 challenging 433:443 challenging 433:443 challenging 433:443 Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. 27126502 7 0 from LB-EPS 1359:1364 arg1 biofilm 1395:1401 biofilm 1395:1401 biofilm 1395:1401 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 0 from LB-EPS 1359:1364 arg1 sludge 1384:1389 sludge 1384:1389 sludge 1384:1389 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 9 1 theme SND 1720:1722 arg1 system 1724:1729 a SND system 1718:1729 a SND system 1718:1729 The obtained results could provide a better understanding of the salinity effect on the EPS characteristics in a SND system. 27126502 1 2 theme attached 272:279 arg1 biofilm 281:287 attached biofilm 272:287 attached biofilm 272:287 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 7 3 from TB-EPS 1370:1375 arg1 biofilm 1395:1401 biofilm 1395:1401 biofilm 1395:1401 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 3 from TB-EPS 1370:1375 arg1 sludge 1384:1389 sludge 1384:1389 sludge 1384:1389 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 4 theme fluorescence 1323:1334 arg1 spectroscopy 1336:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 1 5 dep 3.0  418:421 arg1 to 415:416 to 415:416 to 415:416 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 5 6 from percentages 1058:1068 arg1 EPS 1108:1110 total EPS 1102:1110 total EPS 1102:1110 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 6 7 from contents 1142:1149 arg1 LB-EPS 1194:1199 LB-EPS 1194:1199 LB-EPS 1194:1199 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 7 from contents 1142:1149 arg1 TB-EPS 1225:1230 TB-EPS 1225:1230 TB-EPS 1225:1230 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 7 from contents 1142:1149 arg1 EPS 1189:1191 loosely bound EPS 1175:1191 loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) 1175:1200 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 7 from contents 1142:1149 arg1 EPS 1162:1164 soluble EPS 1154:1164 soluble EPS (S-EPS) 1154:1172 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 7 from contents 1142:1149 arg1 EPS 1220:1222 tightly bound EPS 1206:1222 tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) 1206:1231 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 7 from contents 1142:1149 arg1 S-EPS 1167:1171 S-EPS 1167:1171 S-EPS 1167:1171 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 7 8 theme FTIR 1298:1301 arg1 spectrum 1303:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 9 9 from characteristics 1699:1713 arg1 system 1724:1729 a SND system 1718:1729 a SND system 1718:1729 The obtained results could provide a better understanding of the salinity effect on the EPS characteristics in a SND system. 27126502 6 10 theme PS 1139:1140 arg1 contents 1142:1149 Both PN and PS contents 1127:1149 contents 1142:1149 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 1 11 theme polymeric 215:223 arg1 EPS 236:238 EPS 236:238 EPS 236:238 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 1 11 theme polymeric 215:223 arg1 substance 225:233 extracellular polymeric substance 201:233 extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 201:239 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 7 12 from spectrum 1303:1310 arg1 biofilm 1395:1401 biofilm 1395:1401 biofilm 1395:1401 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 12 from spectrum 1303:1310 arg1 sludge 1384:1389 sludge 1384:1389 sludge 1384:1389 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 5 13 theme EPS 996:998 arg1 composition 981:991 Dominant composition 972:991 Dominant composition of EPS 972:998 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 5 13 theme EPS 996:998 arg1 HS 1016:1017 HS 1016:1017 HS 1016:1017 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 4 14 from values 892:897 arg1 biofilm 906:912 the biofilm 902:912 the biofilm 902:912 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 6 15 theme increased 1274:1282 arg1 salinity 1284:1291 the increased salinity 1270:1291 the increased salinity 1270:1291 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 7 16 from spectroscopy 1336:1347 arg1 biofilm 1395:1401 biofilm 1395:1401 biofilm 1395:1401 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 16 from spectroscopy 1336:1347 arg1 sludge 1384:1389 sludge 1384:1389 sludge 1384:1389 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 0 17 from biofilm 70:76 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 0:163 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 0 17 from biofilm 70:76 arg1 substances 43:52 extracellular polymeric substances 19:52 extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm 19:76 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 2 18 from present 639:645 arg1 EPS 650:652 EPS 650:652 EPS 650:652 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 3 19 theme salinity 726:733 arg1 range 735:739 the salinity range 722:739 the salinity range of 1.0-2.5 % 722:752 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND was obtained in the salinity range of 1.0-2.5 %. 27126502 6 20 theme bound 1183:1187 arg1 LB-EPS 1194:1199 LB-EPS 1194:1199 LB-EPS 1194:1199 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 20 theme bound 1183:1187 arg1 EPS 1189:1191 loosely bound EPS 1175:1191 loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) 1175:1200 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 2 21 from EPS 650:652 arg1 present 639:645 present 639:645 present 639:645 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 4 22 from EPS 761:763 arg1 sludge 772:777 the sludge 768:777 the sludge 768:777 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 7 23 theme groups 1436:1441 arg1 conformations 1447:1459 conformations 1447:1459 conformations of the compositions in EPS 1447:1486 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 23 theme groups 1436:1441 arg1 changes 1414:1420 the changes 1410:1420 the changes of functional groups 1410:1441 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 6 24 from PN 1132:1133 arg1 LB-EPS 1194:1199 LB-EPS 1194:1199 LB-EPS 1194:1199 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 24 from PN 1132:1133 arg1 TB-EPS 1225:1230 TB-EPS 1225:1230 TB-EPS 1225:1230 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 24 from PN 1132:1133 arg1 EPS 1189:1191 loosely bound EPS 1175:1191 loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) 1175:1200 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 24 from PN 1132:1133 arg1 EPS 1162:1164 soluble EPS 1154:1164 soluble EPS (S-EPS) 1154:1172 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 24 from PN 1132:1133 arg1 EPS 1220:1222 tightly bound EPS 1206:1222 tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) 1206:1231 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 24 from PN 1132:1133 arg1 S-EPS 1167:1171 S-EPS 1167:1171 S-EPS 1167:1171 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 3 25 theme % 752:752 arg1 range 735:739 the salinity range 722:739 the salinity range of 1.0-2.5 % 722:752 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND was obtained in the salinity range of 1.0-2.5 %. 27126502 4 26 theme % 960:960 arg1 salinity 962:969 2.0 % salinity 956:969 2.0 % salinity 956:969 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 1 27 from % 422:422 arg1 increase 381:388 the increase 377:388 the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 % 377:422 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 1 27 from % 422:422 arg1 salinity 397:404 the salinity 393:404 the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 % 393:422 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 7 28 from conformations 1447:1459 arg1 EPS 1484:1486 EPS 1484:1486 EPS 1484:1486 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 4 29 theme corresponding 878:890 arg1 values 892:897 the corresponding values 874:897 the corresponding values in the biofilm 874:912 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 0 30 from Characteristics 0:14 arg1 biofilm 70:76 biofilm 70:76 biofilm 70:76 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 0 30 from Characteristics 0:14 arg1 sludge 59:64 sludge 59:64 sludge 59:64 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 0 30 from Characteristics 0:14 arg1 nitrification 96:108 a simultaneous nitrification 81:108 a simultaneous nitrification 81:108 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 0 30 from Characteristics 0:14 arg1 system 130:135 denitrification system 114:135 denitrification system 114:135 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 0 31 from sludge 59:64 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 0:163 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 0 31 from sludge 59:64 arg1 substances 43:52 extracellular polymeric substances 19:52 extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm 19:76 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 0 32 theme denitrification 114:128 arg1 system 130:135 denitrification system 114:135 denitrification system 114:135 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 2 33 dep infrared 443:450 arg1 FTIR 453:456 FTIR 453:456 FTIR 453:456 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 4 34 theme 2.0  956:959 arg1 % 960:960 % 960:960 % 960:960 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 1 35 dep composition 169:179 arg1 The 165:167 The 165:167 The 165:167 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 4 36 from salinity 962:969 arg1 maximum 927:933 the maximum 923:933 the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity 923:969 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 2 37 theme Fourier-transform 425:441 arg1 spectroscopy 459:470 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 425:470 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 425:470 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 1 38 from increase 381:388 arg1 % 422:422 1.0 to 3.0 % 411:422 1.0 to 3.0 % 411:422 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 5 39 theme % 1097:1097 arg1 percentages 1058:1068 the percentages 1054:1068 the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS 1054:1110 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 7 40 from biofilm 1395:1401 arg1 spectrum 1303:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 40 from biofilm 1395:1401 arg1 spectroscopy 1336:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 2 41 theme excitation-emission 494:512 arg1 spectroscopy 543:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 0 42 theme substances 43:52 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 0:163 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 1 43 theme nitrification 325:337 arg1 system 365:370 a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system 310:370 a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system 310:370 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 9 44 theme salinity 1672:1679 arg1 effect 1681:1686 the salinity effect 1668:1686 the salinity effect 1668:1686 The obtained results could provide a better understanding of the salinity effect on the EPS characteristics in a SND system. 27126502 7 45 theme TB-EPS 1370:1375 arg1 spectrum 1303:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 45 theme TB-EPS 1370:1375 arg1 spectroscopy 1336:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 4 46 theme VSS 949:951 arg1 maximum 927:933 the maximum 923:933 the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity 923:969 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 2 47 used used 561:564 arg2 spectroscopy 543:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 2 47 used used 561:564 arg2 spectroscopy 459:470 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 425:470 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 425:470 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 2 48 attach present 639:645 arg1 EPS 650:652 EPS 650:652 EPS 650:652 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 2 48 attach present 639:645 arg2 PN 587:588 PN 587:588 PN 587:588 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 2 48 attach present 639:645 arg2 proteins 577:584 proteins 577:584 proteins (PN) 577:589 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 1 49 theme denitrification 343:357 arg1 system 365:370 a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system 310:370 a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system 310:370 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 7 50 theme LB-EPS 1359:1364 arg1 spectrum 1303:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 50 theme LB-EPS 1359:1364 arg1 spectroscopy 1336:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 3 51 theme nitrogen 666:673 arg1 removal 675:681 High total nitrogen removal 655:681 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND 655:704 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND was obtained in the salinity range of 1.0-2.5 %. 27126502 3 51 theme nitrogen 666:673 arg1 % 695:695 above 83.9 % 684:695 above 83.9 % 684:695 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND was obtained in the salinity range of 1.0-2.5 %. 27126502 7 52 theme S-EPS 1352:1356 arg1 spectrum 1303:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 52 theme S-EPS 1352:1356 arg1 spectroscopy 1336:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 3 53 theme High 655:658 arg1 removal 675:681 High total nitrogen removal 655:681 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND 655:704 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND was obtained in the salinity range of 1.0-2.5 %. 27126502 3 53 theme High 655:658 arg1 % 695:695 above 83.9 % 684:695 above 83.9 % 684:695 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND was obtained in the salinity range of 1.0-2.5 %. 27126502 1 54 dep substance 225:233 arg1 both 241:244 both 241:244 both 241:244 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 1 55 theme suspended 251:259 arg1 sludge 261:266 suspended sludge 251:266 suspended sludge 251:266 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 9 56 theme effect 1681:1686 arg1 understanding 1651:1663 a better understanding 1642:1663 a better understanding of the salinity effect 1642:1686 The obtained results could provide a better understanding of the salinity effect on the EPS characteristics in a SND system. 27126502 5 57 theme total 1102:1106 arg1 EPS 1108:1110 total EPS 1102:1110 total EPS 1102:1110 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 7 58 theme 3D-EEM 1316:1321 arg1 spectroscopy 1336:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 6 59 theme soluble 1154:1160 arg1 S-EPS 1167:1171 S-EPS 1167:1171 S-EPS 1167:1171 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 59 theme soluble 1154:1160 arg1 EPS 1162:1164 soluble EPS 1154:1164 soluble EPS (S-EPS) 1154:1172 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 7 60 from sludge 1384:1389 arg1 spectrum 1303:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 FTIR spectrum 1298:1310 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 60 from sludge 1384:1389 arg1 spectroscopy 1336:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy 1316:1347 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 61 dep spectrum 1303:1310 arg1 The 1294:1296 The 1294:1296 The 1294:1296 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 0 62 theme salinity 148:155 arg1 stress 157:162 high salinity stress 143:162 high salinity stress 143:162 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 1 63 theme extracellular 201:213 arg1 EPS 236:238 EPS 236:238 EPS 236:238 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 1 63 theme extracellular 201:213 arg1 substance 225:233 extracellular polymeric substance 201:233 extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 201:239 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 2 64 theme humic 617:621 arg1 substances 623:632 humic substances 617:632 humic substances (HS) 617:637 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 2 64 theme humic 617:621 arg1 HS 635:636 HS 635:636 HS 635:636 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 0 65 theme high 143:146 arg1 stress 157:162 high salinity stress 143:162 high salinity stress 143:162 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 8 66 theme EPS 1572:1574 arg1 characteristics 1553:1567 the characteristics 1549:1567 the characteristics of EPS 1549:1574 The results demonstrated that the characteristics of EPS varied from sludge to biofilm. 27126502 1 67 theme substance 225:233 arg1 distribution 185:196 distribution 185:196 distribution 185:196 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 1 67 theme substance 225:233 arg1 composition 169:179 composition 169:179 composition 169:179 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 7 68 theme compositions 1468:1479 arg1 conformations 1447:1459 conformations 1447:1459 conformations of the compositions in EPS 1447:1486 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 68 theme compositions 1468:1479 arg1 changes 1414:1420 the changes 1410:1420 the changes of functional groups 1410:1441 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 5 69 located detected 1004:1011 arg1 biofilm 1038:1044 biofilm 1038:1044 biofilm 1038:1044 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 5 69 located detected 1004:1011 arg2 HS 1016:1017 HS 1016:1017 HS 1016:1017 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 5 69 located detected 1004:1011 arg1 sludge 1027:1032 sludge 1027:1032 sludge 1027:1032 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 5 69 located detected 1004:1011 arg2 composition 981:991 Dominant composition 972:991 Dominant composition of EPS 972:998 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 9 70 theme obtained 1611:1618 arg1 results 1620:1626 The obtained results 1607:1626 The obtained results 1607:1626 The obtained results could provide a better understanding of the salinity effect on the EPS characteristics in a SND system. 27126502 4 71 theme salinity 838:845 arg1 increase 826:833 the increase 822:833 the increase of salinity 822:845 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 5 72 theme Dominant 972:979 arg1 composition 981:991 Dominant composition 972:991 Dominant composition of EPS 972:998 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 5 72 theme Dominant 972:979 arg1 HS 1016:1017 HS 1016:1017 HS 1016:1017 Dominant composition of EPS was detected as HS in both sludge and biofilm, having the percentages of 50.6-68.6 and 41.1-69.9 % in total EPS, respectively. 27126502 7 73 theme functional 1425:1434 arg1 groups 1436:1441 functional groups 1425:1441 functional groups 1425:1441 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 6 74 theme sludge 1236:1241 arg1 PN 1132:1133 Both PN and PS contents 1127:1149 PN 1132:1133 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 74 theme sludge 1236:1241 arg1 contents 1142:1149 Both PN and PS contents 1127:1149 contents 1142:1149 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 2 75 theme 3D-EEM 522:527 arg1 spectroscopy 543:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 0 76 theme simultaneous 83:94 arg1 nitrification 96:108 a simultaneous nitrification 81:108 a simultaneous nitrification 81:108 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 0 77 theme extracellular 19:31 arg1 substances 43:52 extracellular polymeric substances 19:52 extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm 19:76 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 2 78 theme matrix 514:519 arg1 spectroscopy 543:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 1 79 theme salinity 397:404 arg1 increase 381:388 the increase 377:388 the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 % 377:422 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 2 80 theme present 639:645 arg1 proteins 577:584 proteins 577:584 proteins (PN) 577:589 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 2 80 theme present 639:645 arg1 PN 587:588 PN 587:588 PN 587:588 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 6 81 theme bound 1214:1218 arg1 EPS 1220:1222 tightly bound EPS 1206:1222 tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) 1206:1231 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 81 theme bound 1214:1218 arg1 TB-EPS 1225:1230 TB-EPS 1225:1230 TB-EPS 1225:1230 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 7 82 from compositions 1468:1479 arg1 EPS 1484:1486 EPS 1484:1486 EPS 1484:1486 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 2 83 theme fluorescence 530:541 arg1 spectroscopy 543:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 7 84 from EPS 1484:1486 arg1 conformations 1447:1459 conformations 1447:1459 conformations of the compositions in EPS 1447:1486 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 84 from EPS 1484:1486 arg1 changes 1414:1420 the changes 1410:1420 the changes of functional groups 1410:1441 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 9 85 theme better 1644:1649 arg1 understanding 1651:1663 a better understanding 1642:1663 a better understanding of the salinity effect 1642:1686 The obtained results could provide a better understanding of the salinity effect on the EPS characteristics in a SND system. 27126502 0 86 theme polymeric 33:41 arg1 substances 43:52 extracellular polymeric substances 19:52 extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm 19:76 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances from sludge and biofilm in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system under high salinity stress. 27126502 7 87 theme salinity 1509:1516 arg1 increase 1497:1504 the increase 1493:1504 the increase of salinity 1493:1516 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 2 88 theme infrared 443:450 arg1 spectroscopy 459:470 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 425:470 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 425:470 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 1 89 theme simultaneous 312:323 arg1 SND 360:362 SND 360:362 SND 360:362 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 1 89 theme simultaneous 312:323 arg1 nitrification 325:337 a simultaneous nitrification 310:337 a simultaneous nitrification 310:337 The composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) both from suspended sludge and attached biofilm were investigated in a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system with the increase of the salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %. 27126502 2 90 theme three-dimensional 476:492 arg1 spectroscopy 543:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy 476:554 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS) and humic substances (HS) present in EPS. 27126502 4 91 dep 3.0  859:862 arg1 to 856:857 to 856:857 to 856:857 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 6 92 theme biofilm 1247:1253 arg1 PN 1132:1133 Both PN and PS contents 1127:1149 PN 1132:1133 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 6 92 theme biofilm 1247:1253 arg1 contents 1142:1149 Both PN and PS contents 1127:1149 contents 1142:1149 Both PN and PS contents in soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) of sludge and biofilm increased with the increased salinity. 27126502 7 93 from changes 1414:1420 arg1 EPS 1484:1486 EPS 1484:1486 EPS 1484:1486 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 4 94 theme 288.6 mg/g 938:947 arg1 VSS 949:951 288.6 mg/g VSS 938:951 288.6 mg/g VSS 938:951 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 3 95 theme total 660:664 arg1 removal 675:681 High total nitrogen removal 655:681 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND 655:704 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND was obtained in the salinity range of 1.0-2.5 %. 27126502 3 95 theme total 660:664 arg1 % 695:695 above 83.9 % 684:695 above 83.9 % 684:695 High total nitrogen removal (above 83.9 %) via SND was obtained in the salinity range of 1.0-2.5 %. 27126502 9 96 theme EPS 1695:1697 arg1 characteristics 1699:1713 the EPS characteristics 1691:1713 the EPS characteristics in a SND system 1691:1729 The obtained results could provide a better understanding of the salinity effect on the EPS characteristics in a SND system. 27126502 7 97 from S-EPS 1352:1356 arg1 biofilm 1395:1401 biofilm 1395:1401 biofilm 1395:1401 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 7 97 from S-EPS 1352:1356 arg1 sludge 1384:1389 sludge 1384:1389 sludge 1384:1389 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27126502 4 98 theme Total 755:759 arg1 EPS 761:763 Total EPS 755:763 Total EPS in the sludge 755:777 Total EPS in the sludge increased from 150.2 to 200.6 mg/gVSS with the increase of salinity from 1.0 to 3.0 %, whereas the corresponding values in the biofilm achieved the maximum of 288.6 mg/g VSS at 2.0 % salinity. 27126502 7 99 dep sludge 1384:1389 arg1 the 1380:1382 the 1380:1382 the 1380:1382 The FTIR spectrum and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS in the sludge and biofilm showed the changes of functional groups and conformations of the compositions in EPS with the increase of salinity. 27506535 9 0 theme nitrate-reducing 862:877 arg1 activities 879:888 nitrate-reducing activities 862:888 nitrate-reducing activities 862:888 Oxidase, catalase and nitrate-reducing activities were negative. 27506535 13 1 theme cell-wall 1167:1175 arg1 peptidoglycan 1177:1189 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1163:1189 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1163:1189 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27506535 16 2 theme name 1856:1859 arg1 Falcatimonas 1861:1872 the name Falcatimonas 1852:1872 the name Falcatimonas 1852:1872 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 8 3 theme Amino 655:659 arg1 l-threonine 713:723 l-threonine 713:723 l-threonine 713:723 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 3 theme Amino 655:659 arg1 l-leucine 682:690 l-leucine 682:690 l-leucine 682:690 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 3 theme Amino 655:659 arg1 l-lysine 693:700 l-lysine 693:700 l-lysine 693:700 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 3 theme Amino 655:659 arg1 l-valine 729:736 l-valine 729:736 l-valine 729:736 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 3 theme Amino 655:659 arg1 acids 661:665 Amino acids 655:665 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium 655:756 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 3 theme Amino 655:659 arg1 l-isoleucine 668:679 l-isoleucine 668:679 l-isoleucine 668:679 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 3 theme Amino 655:659 arg1 l-serine 703:710 l-serine 703:710 l-serine 703:710 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 16 4 theme WN011T 1696:1701 arg1 characteristics 1670:1684 phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics 1642:1684 phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species 1642:1731 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 7 5 theme minor 639:643 arg1 products 645:652 minor products 639:652 minor products 639:652 The strain grew in PY medium and produced acetate, butyrate, isovalerate and H2 as well as propionate and isobutyrate as minor products. 27506535 7 5 theme minor 639:643 arg1 butyrate 569:576 butyrate 569:576 butyrate 569:576 The strain grew in PY medium and produced acetate, butyrate, isovalerate and H2 as well as propionate and isobutyrate as minor products. 27506535 7 5 theme minor 639:643 arg1 isovalerate 579:589 isovalerate 579:589 isovalerate 579:589 The strain grew in PY medium and produced acetate, butyrate, isovalerate and H2 as well as propionate and isobutyrate as minor products. 27506535 7 5 theme minor 639:643 arg1 propionate 609:618 propionate 609:618 propionate 609:618 The strain grew in PY medium and produced acetate, butyrate, isovalerate and H2 as well as propionate and isobutyrate as minor products. 27506535 7 5 theme minor 639:643 arg1 acetate 560:566 acetate 560:566 acetate 560:566 The strain grew in PY medium and produced acetate, butyrate, isovalerate and H2 as well as propionate and isobutyrate as minor products. 27506535 7 5 theme minor 639:643 arg1 H2 595:596 H2 595:596 H2 595:596 The strain grew in PY medium and produced acetate, butyrate, isovalerate and H2 as well as propionate and isobutyrate as minor products. 27506535 1 6 attach isolated 96:103 arg2 bacterium 86:94 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium 41:94 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 41:147 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste. 27506535 1 6 attach isolated 96:103 arg1 reactor 125:131 a methanogenic reactor 110:131 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 110:147 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste. 27506535 11 7 theme 38.8 mol 968:975 arg1 content 956:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. 27506535 11 7 theme 38.8 mol 968:975 arg1 % 976:976 38.8 mol% 968:976 38.8 mol% 968:976 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. 27506535 11 8 theme G+C 952:954 arg1 content 956:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. 27506535 11 8 theme G+C 952:954 arg1 % 976:976 38.8 mol% 968:976 38.8 mol% 968:976 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. 27506535 3 9 theme curved 317:322 arg1 rods 324:327 Gram-stain-negative curved rods 297:327 Gram-stain-negative curved rods 297:327 Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative curved rods with a polar flagellum. 27506535 1 10 dep bacterium 86:94 arg1 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste. 27506535 16 11 from Lachnospiraceae 1825:1839 arg1 species 1788:1794 a novel species 1780:1794 a novel species 1780:1794 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 15 12 theme related 1387:1393 arg1 those 1418:1422 those 1418:1422 those 1418:1422 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 15 12 theme related 1387:1393 arg1 species 1405:1411 The most closely related described species 1370:1411 The most closely related described species 1370:1411 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 12 13 theme fatty 1110:1114 arg1 acids 1116:1120 the cellular fatty acids 1097:1120 the cellular fatty acids analysis 1097:1129 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 2 14 theme methanogenic 217:228 arg1 reactor 230:236 a methanogenic reactor 215:236 a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms 215:269 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 27506535 16 15 theme related 1717:1723 arg1 species 1725:1731 related species 1717:1731 related species 1717:1731 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 5 16 theme optimum 383:389 arg1 temperature 391:401 The optimum temperature 379:401 The optimum temperature for growth 379:412 The optimum temperature for growth was 35-37 °C and the optimum pH was 6.7. 27506535 2 17 theme bacterial 171:179 arg1 WN011T 189:194 WN011T 189:194 WN011T 189:194 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 27506535 2 17 theme bacterial 171:179 arg1 strain 181:186 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 150:186 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) 150:195 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 27506535 3 18 theme polar 336:340 arg1 flagellum 342:350 a polar flagellum 334:350 a polar flagellum 334:350 Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative curved rods with a polar flagellum. 27506535 2 19 attach isolated 201:208 arg1 reactor 230:236 a methanogenic reactor 215:236 a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms 215:269 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 27506535 2 19 attach isolated 201:208 arg2 WN011T 189:194 WN011T 189:194 WN011T 189:194 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 27506535 2 19 attach isolated 201:208 arg2 strain 181:186 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 150:186 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) 150:195 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 27506535 1 20 theme anaerobic 52:60 arg1 bacterium 86:94 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium 41:94 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 41:147 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste. 27506535 12 21 dep  0 1009:1010 arg1 aldehyde 1044:1051 aldehyde 1044:1051 aldehyde 1044:1051 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 12 21 dep  0 1009:1010 arg1 dimethylacetal 1025:1038 dimethylacetal 1025:1038 dimethylacetal 1025:1038 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 12 21 dep  0 1009:1010 arg1  0 1009:1010  0 1009:1010  0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) 1009:1052 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 12 21 dep  0 1009:1010 arg1 acid 1019:1022 fatty acid 1013:1022 fatty acid 1013:1022 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 16 22 from characteristics 1670:1684 arg1 those 1708:1712 those 1708:1712 those 1708:1712 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 16 23 from species 1788:1794 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 1825:1839 the family Lachnospiraceae 1814:1839 the family Lachnospiraceae 1814:1839 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 8 24 theme products 830:837 arg1 amounts 806:812 the amounts 802:812 the amounts of fermentation products 802:837 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 24 theme products 830:837 arg1 products 830:837 fermentation products 817:837 fermentation products 817:837 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 2 25 theme anaerobic 161:169 arg1 WN011T 189:194 WN011T 189:194 WN011T 189:194 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 27506535 2 25 theme anaerobic 161:169 arg1 strain 181:186 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 150:186 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) 150:195 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 27506535 14 26 dep % 1346:1346 arg1 99.9  1341:1345 99.9  1341:1345 99.9  1341:1345 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 0 27 theme gen. 20:23 arg1 sp 31:32 sp 31:32 sp 31:32 Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 0 27 theme gen. 20:23 arg1 nov. 25:28 gen. nov. 20:28 gen. nov. 20:28 Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 16 28 from genus 1805:1809 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 1825:1839 the family Lachnospiraceae 1814:1839 the family Lachnospiraceae 1814:1839 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 14 29 theme sequences 1251:1259 arg1 related 1309:1315 related 1309:1315 related 1309:1315 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 15 30 theme Clostridia 1453:1462 arg1 XIVa 1435:1438 cluster XIVa 1427:1438 cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %) 1427:1602 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 14 31 dep similarity 1357:1366 arg1 % 1346:1346 % 1346:1346 % 1346:1346 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 11 32 theme genomic 940:946 arg1 content 956:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. 27506535 11 32 theme genomic 940:946 arg1 % 976:976 38.8 mol% 968:976 38.8 mol% 968:976 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. 27506535 14 33 theme rRNA 1241:1244 arg1 sequences 1251:1259 16S rRNA gene sequences 1237:1259 16S rRNA gene sequences 1237:1259 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 13 34 theme diamino 1147:1153 arg1 acid 1215:1218 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1195:1218 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1195:1218 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27506535 13 34 theme diamino 1147:1153 arg1 acid 1155:1158 The diagnostic diamino acid 1132:1158 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1132:1189 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27506535 16 35 theme strain 1689:1694 arg1 WN011T 1696:1701 strain WN011T 1689:1701 strain WN011T from those of related species 1689:1731 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 18 36 theme species 1942:1948 arg1 strain 1923:1928 The type strain 1914:1928 The type strain of the type species 1914:1948 The type strain of the type species is WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T). 27506535 18 36 theme species 1942:1948 arg1 WN011T 1953:1958 WN011T 1953:1958 WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T) 1953:1983 The type strain of the type species is WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T). 27506535 10 37 theme Hydrogen 905:912 arg1 sulfide 914:920 Hydrogen sulfide 905:920 Hydrogen sulfide 905:920 Hydrogen sulfide was produced. 27506535 13 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1195:1213 arg1 acid 1215:1218 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1195:1218 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1195:1218 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27506535 13 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1195:1213 arg1 acid 1155:1158 The diagnostic diamino acid 1132:1158 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1132:1189 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27506535 16 39 theme genus 1805:1809 arg1 species 1788:1794 a novel species 1780:1794 a novel species 1780:1794 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 1 40 theme cattle 136:141 arg1 waste 143:147 cattle waste 136:147 cattle waste 136:147 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste. 27506535 5 41 theme optimum 435:441 arg1 6.7 450:452 6.7 450:452 6.7 450:452 The optimum temperature for growth was 35-37 °C and the optimum pH was 6.7. 27506535 5 41 theme optimum 435:441 arg1 pH 443:444 the optimum pH 431:444 the optimum pH 431:444 The optimum temperature for growth was 35-37 °C and the optimum pH was 6.7. 27506535 16 42 theme phenotypic 1659:1668 arg1 characteristics 1670:1684 phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics 1642:1684 phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species 1642:1731 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 15 43 theme 16S 1504:1506 arg1 gauvreauii 1485:1494 Ruminococcus gauvreauii 1472:1494 Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1472:1537 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 15 43 theme 16S 1504:1506 arg1 similarity 1527:1536 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1497:1536 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1497:1536 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 12 44 theme fatty 1013:1017 arg1  0 1009:1010  0 1009:1010  0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) 1009:1052 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 12 44 theme fatty 1013:1017 arg1 acid 1019:1022 fatty acid 1013:1022 fatty acid 1013:1022 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 15 45 theme gene 1513:1516 arg1 gauvreauii 1485:1494 Ruminococcus gauvreauii 1472:1494 Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1472:1537 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 15 45 theme gene 1513:1516 arg1 similarity 1527:1536 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1497:1536 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1497:1536 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 14 46 from wastewater 1280:1289 arg1 clones 1268:1273 three clones 1262:1273 three clones from wastewater 1262:1289 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 6 47 theme growth 499:504 arg1 carbohydrates 482:494 carbohydrates 482:494 carbohydrates 482:494 The strain did not utilize carbohydrates as growth substrates. 27506535 6 47 theme growth 499:504 arg1 substrates 506:515 growth substrates 499:515 growth substrates 499:515 The strain did not utilize carbohydrates as growth substrates. 27506535 13 48 theme peptidoglycan 1177:1189 arg1 acid 1215:1218 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1195:1218 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1195:1218 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27506535 13 48 theme peptidoglycan 1177:1189 arg1 acid 1155:1158 The diagnostic diamino acid 1132:1158 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1132:1189 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27506535 16 49 from those 1708:1712 arg1 characteristics 1670:1684 phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics 1642:1684 phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species 1642:1731 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 16 49 from those 1708:1712 arg1 WN011T 1696:1701 strain WN011T 1689:1701 strain WN011T from those of related species 1689:1731 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 16 50 theme distinct 1618:1625 arg1 differences 1627:1637 the distinct differences 1614:1637 the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species 1614:1731 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 13 51 theme diagnostic 1136:1145 arg1 acid 1215:1218 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1195:1218 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1195:1218 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27506535 13 51 theme diagnostic 1136:1145 arg1 acid 1155:1158 The diagnostic diamino acid 1132:1158 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1132:1189 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27506535 2 52 theme cattle 258:263 arg1 farms 265:269 cattle farms 258:269 cattle farms 258:269 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 27506535 14 53 theme sequence 1348:1355 arg1 similarity 1357:1366 up to 99.9 % sequence similarity 1335:1366 up to 99.9 % sequence similarity 1335:1366 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 14 53 theme sequence 1348:1355 arg1 WN011T 1327:1332 strain WN011T 1320:1332 strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity) 1320:1367 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 16 54 theme strain 1755:1760 arg1 WN011T 1762:1767 strain WN011T 1755:1767 strain WN011T 1755:1767 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 14 55 dep sequences 1251:1259 arg1 the 1224:1226 the 1224:1226 the 1224:1226 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 14 55 dep sequences 1251:1259 arg1 basis 1228:1232 basis 1228:1232 basis 1228:1232 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 12 56 theme related 989:995 arg1 Compounds 979:987 Compounds 979:987 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 979:1130 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 16 57 theme novel 1782:1786 arg1 species 1788:1794 a novel species 1780:1794 a novel species 1780:1794 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 3 58 theme strain 285:290 arg1 Cells 272:276 Cells 272:276 Cells of the strain 272:290 Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative curved rods with a polar flagellum. 27506535 1 59 dep anaerobic 52:60 arg1 amino-acid-decomposing 63:84 amino-acid-decomposing 63:84 amino-acid-decomposing 63:84 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste. 27506535 1 60 theme methanogenic 112:123 arg1 reactor 125:131 a methanogenic reactor 110:131 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 110:147 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste. 27506535 8 61 theme PY 748:749 arg1 medium 751:756 PY medium 748:756 PY medium 748:756 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 18 62 theme =JCM 1961:1964 arg1 22923T 1977:1982 =JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T 1961:1982 =JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T 1961:1982 The type strain of the type species is WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T). 27506535 18 62 theme =JCM 1961:1964 arg1 WN011T 1953:1958 WN011T 1953:1958 WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T) 1953:1983 The type strain of the type species is WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T). 27506535 12 63 theme acids 1116:1120 arg1 analysis 1122:1129 the cellular fatty acids analysis 1097:1129 the cellular fatty acids analysis 1097:1129 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 14 64 theme strain 1320:1325 arg1 similarity 1357:1366 up to 99.9 % sequence similarity 1335:1366 up to 99.9 % sequence similarity 1335:1366 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 14 64 theme strain 1320:1325 arg1 WN011T 1327:1332 strain WN011T 1320:1332 strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity) 1320:1367 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 3 65 with rods 324:327 arg1 flagellum 342:350 a polar flagellum 334:350 a polar flagellum 334:350 Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative curved rods with a polar flagellum. 27506535 15 66 theme described 1395:1403 arg1 those 1418:1422 those 1418:1422 those 1418:1422 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 15 66 theme described 1395:1403 arg1 species 1405:1411 The most closely related described species 1370:1411 The most closely related described species 1370:1411 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 1 67 theme waste 143:147 arg1 reactor 125:131 a methanogenic reactor 110:131 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 110:147 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste. 27506535 3 68 theme Gram-stain-negative 297:315 arg1 rods 324:327 Gram-stain-negative curved rods 297:327 Gram-stain-negative curved rods 297:327 Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative curved rods with a polar flagellum. 27506535 8 69 theme strain 781:786 arg1 growth 767:772 growth 767:772 growth of the strain 767:786 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 12 70 dep Compounds 979:987 arg1 detected 1059:1066 detected 1059:1066 were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis 1054:1129 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 16 71 from differences 1627:1637 arg1 characteristics 1670:1684 phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics 1642:1684 phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species 1642:1731 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 12 72 theme cellular 1101:1108 arg1 acids 1116:1120 the cellular fatty acids 1097:1120 the cellular fatty acids analysis 1097:1129 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 18 73 theme 16476T=DSM 1966:1975 arg1 22923T 1977:1982 =JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T 1961:1982 =JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T 1961:1982 The type strain of the type species is WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T). 27506535 18 73 theme 16476T=DSM 1966:1975 arg1 WN011T 1953:1958 WN011T 1953:1958 WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T) 1953:1983 The type strain of the type species is WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T). 27506535 14 74 dep 99.9  1341:1345 arg1 to 1338:1339 to 1338:1339 to 1338:1339 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 7 75 theme PY 537:538 arg1 medium 540:545 PY medium 537:545 PY medium 537:545 The strain grew in PY medium and produced acetate, butyrate, isovalerate and H2 as well as propionate and isobutyrate as minor products. 27506535 12 76 theme predominant 1071:1081 arg1 components 1083:1092 predominant components 1071:1092 predominant components 1071:1092 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 12 76 theme predominant 1071:1081 arg1  0 1009:1010  0 1009:1010  0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) 1009:1052 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. 27506535 8 77 theme fermentation 817:828 arg1 products 830:837 fermentation products 817:837 fermentation products 817:837 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 16 78 theme gen. 1881:1884 arg1 sp 1892:1893 sp 1892:1893 sp 1892:1893 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 16 78 theme gen. 1881:1884 arg1 nov. 1886:1889 gen. nov. 1881:1889 gen. nov. 1881:1889 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 15 79 theme class 1447:1451 arg1 Clostridia 1453:1462 the class Clostridia 1443:1462 the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %) 1443:1602 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 16 80 theme phylogenetic 1642:1653 arg1 characteristics 1670:1684 phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics 1642:1684 phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species 1642:1731 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 18 81 theme type 1918:1921 arg1 strain 1923:1928 The type strain 1914:1928 The type strain of the type species 1914:1948 The type strain of the type species is WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T). 27506535 18 81 theme type 1918:1921 arg1 WN011T 1953:1958 WN011T 1953:1958 WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T) 1953:1983 The type strain of the type species is WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T). 27506535 14 82 theme gene 1246:1249 arg1 sequences 1251:1259 16S rRNA gene sequences 1237:1259 16S rRNA gene sequences 1237:1259 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 11 83 theme DNA 948:950 arg1 content 956:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. 27506535 11 83 theme DNA 948:950 arg1 % 976:976 38.8 mol% 968:976 38.8 mol% 968:976 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. 27506535 16 84 theme new 1801:1803 arg1 genus 1805:1809 a new genus 1799:1809 a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae 1799:1839 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 14 85 theme 16S 1237:1239 arg1 sequences 1251:1259 16S rRNA gene sequences 1237:1259 16S rRNA gene sequences 1237:1259 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). 27506535 15 86 theme cluster 1427:1433 arg1 XIVa 1435:1438 cluster XIVa 1427:1438 cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %) 1427:1602 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 18 87 theme type 1937:1940 arg1 species 1942:1948 the type species 1933:1948 the type species 1933:1948 The type strain of the type species is WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T). 27506535 15 88 theme sequence 1518:1525 arg1 gauvreauii 1485:1494 Ruminococcus gauvreauii 1472:1494 Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1472:1537 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 15 88 theme sequence 1518:1525 arg1 similarity 1527:1536 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1497:1536 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1497:1536 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 8 89 dep acids 661:665 arg1 l-threonine 713:723 l-threonine 713:723 l-threonine 713:723 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 89 dep acids 661:665 arg1 l-leucine 682:690 l-leucine 682:690 l-leucine 682:690 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 89 dep acids 661:665 arg1 l-lysine 693:700 l-lysine 693:700 l-lysine 693:700 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 89 dep acids 661:665 arg1 l-valine 729:736 l-valine 729:736 l-valine 729:736 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 89 dep acids 661:665 arg1 acids 661:665 Amino acids 655:665 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium 655:756 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 89 dep acids 661:665 arg1 l-isoleucine 668:679 l-isoleucine 668:679 l-isoleucine 668:679 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 8 89 dep acids 661:665 arg1 l-serine 703:710 l-serine 703:710 l-serine 703:710 Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. 27506535 16 90 theme family 1818:1823 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 1825:1839 the family Lachnospiraceae 1814:1839 the family Lachnospiraceae 1814:1839 Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. 27506535 15 91 theme % 1502:1502 arg1 gauvreauii 1485:1494 Ruminococcus gauvreauii 1472:1494 Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1472:1537 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 15 91 theme % 1502:1502 arg1 similarity 1527:1536 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1497:1536 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1497:1536 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 15 92 theme rRNA 1508:1511 arg1 gauvreauii 1485:1494 Ruminococcus gauvreauii 1472:1494 Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1472:1537 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27506535 15 92 theme rRNA 1508:1511 arg1 similarity 1527:1536 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1497:1536 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1497:1536 The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae(93.5 %). 27018521 6 0 theme abnormal 791:798 arg1 permeability 811:822 abnormal intestinal permeability 791:822 abnormal intestinal permeability 791:822 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 1 1 theme toxic 111:115 arg1 effects 117:123 the toxic effects 107:123 the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) 107:219 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 7 2 theme CPF 1067:1069 arg1 toxicity 1071:1078 CPF toxicity 1067:1078 CPF toxicity 1067:1078 Our findings will provide a new perspective to reveal the mechanism of CPF toxicity. 27018521 4 3 theme energy 550:555 arg1 metabolism 523:532 the metabolism 519:532 the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids 519:623 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 0 4 theme Mus 77:79 arg1 mouse 70:74 mouse 70:74 mouse (Mus musculus) 70:89 Effects of chlorpyrifos on the gut microbiome and urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus). 27018521 0 4 theme Mus 77:79 arg1 musculus 81:88 Mus musculus 77:88 Mus musculus 77:88 Effects of chlorpyrifos on the gut microbiome and urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus). 27018521 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 urine 50:54 urine 50:54 urine 50:54 Effects of chlorpyrifos on the gut microbiome and urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus). 27018521 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 microbiome 35:44 the gut microbiome 27:44 the gut microbiome 27:44 Effects of chlorpyrifos on the gut microbiome and urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus). 27018521 1 6 from effects 117:123 arg1 microbiome 157:166 gut microbiome 153:166 gut microbiome 153:166 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 1 6 from effects 117:123 arg1 metabolome 186:195 related urine metabolome 172:195 related urine metabolome 172:195 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 3 7 theme relative 403:410 arg1 abundance 412:420 the relative abundance 399:420 the relative abundance of key microbes 399:436 As a result, CPF significantly altered the gut microbiota composition in terms of the relative abundance of key microbes. 27018521 6 8 theme intestinal 763:772 arg1 inflammation 774:785 intestinal inflammation 763:785 intestinal inflammation 763:785 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 4 9 theme derivatives 598:608 arg1 metabolism 523:532 the metabolism 519:532 the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids 519:623 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 3 10 theme abundance 412:420 arg1 terms 390:394 terms 390:394 terms of the relative abundance of key microbes 390:436 As a result, CPF significantly altered the gut microbiota composition in terms of the relative abundance of key microbes. 27018521 4 11 theme CPF 450:452 arg1 Meanwhile 439:447 Meanwhile 439:447 Meanwhile 439:447 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 4 11 theme CPF 450:452 arg1 exposure 454:461 CPF exposure 450:461 CPF exposure 450:461 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 4 12 theme fatty 570:574 arg1 SCFAs 583:587 SCFAs 583:587 SCFAs 583:587 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 4 12 theme fatty 570:574 arg1 acids 576:580 short-chain fatty acids 558:580 short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 558:588 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 6 13 from changes 867:873 arg1 colon 878:882 colon 878:882 colon 878:882 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 6 13 from changes 867:873 arg1 increase 899:906 remarkable increase 888:906 remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice 888:993 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 4 14 theme urine 490:494 arg1 metabolites 496:506 urine metabolites 490:506 urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids 490:623 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 4 15 theme acids 619:623 arg1 metabolism 523:532 the metabolism 519:532 the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids 519:623 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 6 16 theme diamine 940:946 arg1 DAO 957:959 DAO 957:959 DAO 957:959 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 6 16 theme diamine 940:946 arg1 oxidase 948:954 diamine oxidase 940:954 diamine oxidase (DAO) 940:960 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 6 17 theme histologic 856:865 arg1 changes 867:873 the histologic changes 852:873 the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice 852:993 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 4 18 theme bile 614:617 arg1 acids 619:623 bile acids 614:623 bile acids 614:623 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 1 19 theme clorpyrifos 128:138 arg1 effects 117:123 the toxic effects 107:123 the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) 107:219 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 7 20 theme new 1024:1026 arg1 perspective 1028:1038 a new perspective 1022:1038 a new perspective to reveal the mechanism of CPF toxicity 1022:1078 Our findings will provide a new perspective to reveal the mechanism of CPF toxicity. 27018521 6 21 from colon 878:882 arg1 serum 969:973 the serum 965:973 the serum of CPF-treated mice 965:993 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 3 22 theme microbes 429:436 arg1 abundance 412:420 the relative abundance 399:420 the relative abundance of key microbes 399:436 As a result, CPF significantly altered the gut microbiota composition in terms of the relative abundance of key microbes. 27018521 4 23 theme amino 537:541 arg1 acids 543:547 amino acids 537:547 amino acids 537:547 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 1 24 theme Mus 207:209 arg1 mouse 200:204 mouse 200:204 mouse (Mus musculus) 200:219 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 1 24 theme Mus 207:209 arg1 musculus 211:218 Mus musculus 207:218 Mus musculus 207:218 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 2 25 theme kg 282:283 arg1 bodyweight 289:298 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight 277:298 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d 277:314 Mice were exposed to a daily dose of 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d. 27018521 5 26 theme perturbed 666:674 arg1 microbiome 680:689 perturbed gut microbiome 666:689 perturbed gut microbiome 666:689 High correlations were observed between perturbed gut microbiome and altered metabolic profiles. 27018521 4 27 theme phenyl 591:596 arg1 derivatives 598:608 phenyl derivatives 591:608 phenyl derivatives 591:608 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 4 28 theme metabolites 496:506 arg1 alterations 475:485 the alterations 471:485 the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids 471:623 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 0 29 theme chlorpyrifos 11:22 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of chlorpyrifos on the gut microbiome and urine 0:54 Effects of chlorpyrifos on the gut microbiome and urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus). 27018521 3 30 theme key 425:427 arg1 microbes 429:436 key microbes 425:436 key microbes 425:436 As a result, CPF significantly altered the gut microbiota composition in terms of the relative abundance of key microbes. 27018521 2 31 theme CPF 303:305 arg1 bodyweight 289:298 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight 277:298 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d 277:314 Mice were exposed to a daily dose of 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d. 27018521 0 32 theme gut 31:33 arg1 microbiome 35:44 the gut microbiome 27:44 the gut microbiome 27:44 Effects of chlorpyrifos on the gut microbiome and urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus). 27018521 4 33 theme short-chain 558:568 arg1 SCFAs 583:587 SCFAs 583:587 SCFAs 583:587 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 4 33 theme short-chain 558:568 arg1 acids 576:580 short-chain fatty acids 558:580 short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 558:588 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 1 34 from metabolome 186:195 arg1 mouse 200:204 mouse 200:204 mouse (Mus musculus) 200:219 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 1 34 from metabolome 186:195 arg1 musculus 211:218 Mus musculus 207:218 Mus musculus 207:218 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 6 35 theme CPF-treated 978:988 arg1 mice 990:993 CPF-treated mice 978:993 CPF-treated mice 978:993 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 4 36 theme related 508:514 arg1 metabolites 496:506 urine metabolites 490:506 urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids 490:623 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 5 37 theme altered 695:701 arg1 profiles 713:720 altered metabolic profiles 695:720 altered metabolic profiles 695:720 High correlations were observed between perturbed gut microbiome and altered metabolic profiles. 27018521 5 38 theme High 626:629 arg1 correlations 631:642 High correlations 626:642 High correlations 626:642 High correlations were observed between perturbed gut microbiome and altered metabolic profiles. 27018521 1 39 dep microbiome 157:166 arg1 the 149:151 the 149:151 the 149:151 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 6 40 theme remarkable 888:897 arg1 increase 899:906 remarkable increase 888:906 remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice 888:993 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 5 41 theme metabolic 703:711 arg1 profiles 713:720 altered metabolic profiles 695:720 altered metabolic profiles 695:720 High correlations were observed between perturbed gut microbiome and altered metabolic profiles. 27018521 1 42 theme gut 153:155 arg1 microbiome 157:166 gut microbiome 153:166 gut microbiome 153:166 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 3 43 theme microbiota 364:373 arg1 composition 375:385 the gut microbiota composition 356:385 the gut microbiota composition 356:385 As a result, CPF significantly altered the gut microbiota composition in terms of the relative abundance of key microbes. 27018521 3 43 theme microbiota 364:373 arg1 result 322:327 a result 320:327 a result 320:327 As a result, CPF significantly altered the gut microbiota composition in terms of the relative abundance of key microbes. 27018521 6 44 theme lipopolysaccharide 911:928 arg1 colon 878:882 colon 878:882 colon 878:882 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 6 44 theme lipopolysaccharide 911:928 arg1 increase 899:906 remarkable increase 888:906 remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice 888:993 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 2 45 theme daily 263:267 arg1 dose 269:272 a daily dose 261:272 a daily dose of 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d 261:314 Mice were exposed to a daily dose of 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d. 27018521 3 46 theme gut 360:362 arg1 composition 375:385 the gut microbiota composition 356:385 the gut microbiota composition 356:385 As a result, CPF significantly altered the gut microbiota composition in terms of the relative abundance of key microbes. 27018521 3 46 theme gut 360:362 arg1 result 322:327 a result 320:327 a result 320:327 As a result, CPF significantly altered the gut microbiota composition in terms of the relative abundance of key microbes. 27018521 1 47 from microbiome 157:166 arg1 mouse 200:204 mouse 200:204 mouse (Mus musculus) 200:219 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 1 47 from microbiome 157:166 arg1 musculus 211:218 Mus musculus 207:218 Mus musculus 207:218 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 4 48 theme acids 576:580 arg1 metabolism 523:532 the metabolism 519:532 the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids 519:623 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 6 49 theme mice 990:993 arg1 serum 969:973 the serum 965:973 the serum of CPF-treated mice 965:993 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 7 50 theme toxicity 1071:1078 arg1 mechanism 1054:1062 the mechanism 1050:1062 the mechanism of CPF toxicity 1050:1078 Our findings will provide a new perspective to reveal the mechanism of CPF toxicity. 27018521 2 51 theme bodyweight 289:298 arg1 dose 269:272 a daily dose 261:272 a daily dose of 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d 261:314 Mice were exposed to a daily dose of 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d. 27018521 6 52 from increase 899:906 arg1 serum 969:973 the serum 965:973 the serum of CPF-treated mice 965:993 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 2 53 theme mg 279:280 arg1 -1 285:286 -1 285:286 -1 285:286 Mice were exposed to a daily dose of 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d. 27018521 2 53 theme mg 279:280 arg1 kg 282:283 1 mg kg 277:283 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d 277:314 Mice were exposed to a daily dose of 1 mg kg(-1) bodyweight of CPF for 30 d. 27018521 6 54 theme oxidase 948:954 arg1 colon 878:882 colon 878:882 colon 878:882 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 6 54 theme oxidase 948:954 arg1 increase 899:906 remarkable increase 888:906 remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice 888:993 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 1 55 theme related 172:178 arg1 metabolome 186:195 related urine metabolome 172:195 related urine metabolome 172:195 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 27018521 6 56 theme intestinal 800:809 arg1 permeability 811:822 abnormal intestinal permeability 791:822 abnormal intestinal permeability 791:822 These perturbations finally resulted in intestinal inflammation and abnormal intestinal permeability, which were also confirm by the histologic changes in colon and remarkable increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum of CPF-treated mice. 27018521 5 57 theme gut 676:678 arg1 microbiome 680:689 perturbed gut microbiome 666:689 perturbed gut microbiome 666:689 High correlations were observed between perturbed gut microbiome and altered metabolic profiles. 27018521 4 58 theme acids 543:547 arg1 metabolism 523:532 the metabolism 519:532 the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids 519:623 Meanwhile, CPF exposure induced the alterations of urine metabolites related to the metabolism of amino acids, energy, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenyl derivatives and bile acids. 27018521 1 59 theme urine 180:184 arg1 metabolome 186:195 related urine metabolome 172:195 related urine metabolome 172:195 In this study, the toxic effects of clorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated. 24492282 11 0 theme hepatic 1664:1670 arg1 alterations 1672:1682 hepatic alterations 1664:1682 hepatic alterations 1664:1682 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 6 1 theme over-represented 764:779 arg1 sites 809:813 over-represented transcription factor target sites 764:813 over-represented transcription factor target sites 764:813 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 3 2 theme saturated 451:459 arg1 acids 467:471 saturated fatty acids 451:471 saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food 451:515 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 7 3 theme connected 1099:1107 arg1 sub-network 1121:1131 the largest connected deregulated sub-network 1087:1131 the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers 1087:1144 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 11 4 theme important 1547:1555 arg1 changes 1570:1576 important pathological changes 1547:1576 important pathological changes also found in human NASH 1547:1601 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 6 5 theme activator 867:875 arg1 factor 913:918 the most likely factor 897:918 the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers 897:968 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 6 5 theme activator 867:875 arg1 AP-1 888:891 AP-1 888:891 AP-1 888:891 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 6 5 theme activator 867:875 arg1 protein-1 877:885 activator protein-1 867:885 activator protein-1 (AP-1) 867:892 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 2 6 from situation 307:315 arg1 societies 346:354 Western societies 338:354 Western societies 338:354 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 11 7 theme human 1592:1596 arg1 NASH 1598:1601 human NASH 1592:1601 human NASH 1592:1601 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 2 8 theme murine 242:247 arg1 model 249:253 a murine model 240:253 a murine model 240:253 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 1 9 theme advanced 152:159 arg1 NASH 196:199 NASH 196:199 NASH 196:199 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 1 9 theme advanced 152:159 arg1 steatohepatitis 179:193 its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 148:193 its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 148:200 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 12 10 from Abundance 1685:1693 arg1 NAFLD 1707:1711 NAFLD 1707:1711 NAFLD 1707:1711 Abundance of c-Jun in NAFLD likely facilitates development and progression of NASH. 24492282 6 11 theme gene 724:727 arg1 analysis 740:747 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis 705:747 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis 705:747 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 1 12 theme nonalcoholic 166:177 arg1 NASH 196:199 NASH 196:199 NASH 196:199 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 1 12 theme nonalcoholic 166:177 arg1 steatohepatitis 179:193 its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 148:193 its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 148:200 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 8 13 theme nuclear 1205:1211 arg1 translocation 1213:1225 nuclear translocation 1205:1225 nuclear translocation 1205:1225 Accordingly, ND livers revealed c-Jun-phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. 24492282 2 14 from patients 326:333 arg1 societies 346:354 Western societies 338:354 Western societies 338:354 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 5 15 theme marked 627:632 arg1 steatosis 634:642 marked steatosis 627:642 marked steatosis 627:642 In the liver, ND-feeding led to marked steatosis, hepatocellular damage, inflammation and beginning fibrosis. 24492282 9 16 theme hepatic 1238:1244 arg1 expression 1252:1261 hepatic c-Jun expression 1238:1261 hepatic c-Jun expression 1238:1261 Moreover, hepatic c-Jun expression was enhanced in ND-fed mice. 24492282 4 17 theme glucose 576:582 arg1 tolerance 584:592 glucose tolerance 576:592 glucose tolerance 576:592 After 12 weeks, ND-fed mice revealed obesity and impaired glucose tolerance. 24492282 6 18 theme likely 906:911 arg1 protein-1 877:885 activator protein-1 867:885 activator protein-1 (AP-1) 867:892 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 6 18 theme likely 906:911 arg1 factor 913:918 the most likely factor 897:918 the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers 897:968 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 7 19 theme interaction 1031:1041 arg1 network 1043:1049 protein-protein interaction network 1015:1049 protein-protein interaction network 1015:1049 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 1 20 theme fatty 116:120 arg1 NAFLD 137:141 NAFLD 137:141 NAFLD 137:141 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 1 20 theme fatty 116:120 arg1 disease 128:134 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 103:134 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 103:142 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 2 21 dep pathology 281:289 arg1 the 277:279 the 277:279 the 277:279 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 9 22 theme ND-fed 1279:1284 arg1 mice 1286:1289 ND-fed mice 1279:1289 ND-fed mice 1279:1289 Moreover, hepatic c-Jun expression was enhanced in ND-fed mice. 24492282 1 23 theme disease 128:134 arg1 Overnutrition 67:79 Overnutrition 67:79 Overnutrition 67:79 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 1 23 theme disease 128:134 arg1 cause 94:98 the major cause 84:98 the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 84:200 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 5 24 dep steatosis 634:642 arg1 fibrosis 695:702 fibrosis 695:702 fibrosis 695:702 In the liver, ND-feeding led to marked steatosis, hepatocellular damage, inflammation and beginning fibrosis. 24492282 2 25 from pathology 281:289 arg1 societies 346:354 Western societies 338:354 Western societies 338:354 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 6 26 theme ND 960:961 arg1 livers 963:968 ND livers 960:968 ND livers 960:968 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 11 27 theme mouse 1529:1533 arg1 model 1535:1539 our new mouse model 1521:1539 our new mouse model 1521:1539 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 12 28 theme c-Jun 1698:1702 arg1 Abundance 1685:1693 Abundance 1685:1693 Abundance of c-Jun in NAFLD 1685:1711 Abundance of c-Jun in NAFLD likely facilitates development and progression of NASH. 24492282 10 29 theme tissue 1301:1306 arg1 technology 1319:1328 Combined tissue microarray technology 1292:1328 Combined tissue microarray technology 1292:1328 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 10 30 theme hepatic 1490:1496 arg1 steatosis 1498:1506 hepatic steatosis 1490:1506 hepatic steatosis 1490:1506 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 3 31 theme NASH-inducing 378:390 arg1 ND 398:399 ND 398:399 ND 398:399 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 3 31 theme NASH-inducing 378:390 arg1 diet 392:395 a NASH-inducing diet 376:395 a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food 376:515 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 0 32 theme Increased 0:8 arg1 expression 10:19 Increased expression 0:19 Increased expression of c-Jun in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 0:64 Increased expression of c-Jun in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24492282 1 33 theme major 88:92 arg1 Overnutrition 67:79 Overnutrition 67:79 Overnutrition 67:79 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 1 33 theme major 88:92 arg1 cause 94:98 the major cause 84:98 the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 84:200 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 3 34 from acids 467:471 arg1 composition 478:488 a composition 476:488 a composition 476:488 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 3 34 from acids 467:471 arg1 rich 443:446 rich 443:446 rich 443:446 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 10 35 theme immunohistochemical 1334:1352 arg1 analysis 1354:1361 immunohistochemical analysis 1334:1361 immunohistochemical analysis 1334:1361 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 6 36 theme expressed 840:848 arg1 genes 850:854 the differentially expressed genes 821:854 the differentially expressed genes 821:854 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 10 37 from levels 1396:1401 arg1 patients 1412:1419 NAFLD patients 1406:1419 NAFLD patients 1406:1419 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 2 38 from societies 346:354 arg1 situation 307:315 nutritional situation 295:315 nutritional situation 295:315 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 2 38 from societies 346:354 arg1 pathology 281:289 pathology 281:289 pathology 281:289 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 10 39 theme hepatic 1382:1388 arg1 levels 1396:1401 enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels 1373:1401 enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels 1373:1401 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 7 40 theme ND 1136:1137 arg1 livers 1139:1144 ND livers 1136:1144 ND livers 1136:1144 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 7 41 from sub-network 1121:1131 arg1 livers 1139:1144 ND livers 1136:1144 ND livers 1136:1144 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 2 42 theme nutritional 295:305 arg1 situation 307:315 nutritional situation 295:315 nutritional situation 295:315 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 6 43 theme factor 795:800 arg1 sites 809:813 over-represented transcription factor target sites 764:813 over-represented transcription factor target sites 764:813 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 10 44 theme c-Jun 1390:1394 arg1 levels 1396:1401 enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels 1373:1401 enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels 1373:1401 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 10 45 theme NAFLD 1406:1410 arg1 patients 1412:1419 NAFLD patients 1406:1419 NAFLD patients 1406:1419 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 3 46 theme fatty 461:465 arg1 acids 467:471 saturated fatty acids 451:471 saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food 451:515 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 7 47 theme deregulated 1109:1119 arg1 sub-network 1121:1131 the largest connected deregulated sub-network 1087:1131 the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers 1087:1144 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 11 48 theme critical 1642:1649 arg1 regulator 1651:1659 critical regulator 1642:1659 critical regulator of hepatic alterations 1642:1682 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 2 49 theme NASH 321:324 arg1 patients 326:333 NASH patients 321:333 NASH patients in Western societies 321:354 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 11 50 theme alterations 1672:1682 arg1 regulator 1651:1659 critical regulator 1642:1659 critical regulator of hepatic alterations 1642:1682 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 7 51 theme largest 1091:1097 arg1 sub-network 1121:1131 the largest connected deregulated sub-network 1087:1131 the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers 1087:1144 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 11 52 theme pathological 1557:1568 arg1 changes 1570:1576 important pathological changes 1547:1576 important pathological changes also found in human NASH 1547:1601 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 8 53 theme ND 1160:1161 arg1 livers 1163:1168 ND livers 1160:1168 ND livers 1160:1168 Accordingly, ND livers revealed c-Jun-phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. 24492282 6 54 theme expression 729:738 arg1 analysis 740:747 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis 705:747 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis 705:747 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 3 55 theme Western 504:510 arg1 food 512:515 Western food 504:515 Western food 504:515 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 1 56 theme form 161:164 arg1 NASH 196:199 NASH 196:199 NASH 196:199 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 1 56 theme form 161:164 arg1 steatohepatitis 179:193 its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 148:193 its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 148:200 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 6 57 theme transcriptional 933:947 arg1 changes 949:955 the transcriptional changes 929:955 the transcriptional changes in ND livers 929:968 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 0 58 theme fatty 46:50 arg1 disease 58:64 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 33:64 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 33:64 Increased expression of c-Jun in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24492282 6 59 theme Transcriptome-wide 705:722 arg1 analysis 740:747 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis 705:747 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis 705:747 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 1 60 theme steatohepatitis 179:193 arg1 Overnutrition 67:79 Overnutrition 67:79 Overnutrition 67:79 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 1 60 theme steatohepatitis 179:193 arg1 cause 94:98 the major cause 84:98 the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 84:200 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 3 61 contain containing 402:411 arg1 ND 398:399 ND 398:399 ND 398:399 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 3 61 contain containing 402:411 arg2 cholesterol 422:432 cholesterol 422:432 cholesterol 422:432 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 3 61 contain containing 402:411 arg2 sucrose 413:419 sucrose 413:419 sucrose 413:419 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 3 61 contain containing 402:411 arg1 diet 392:395 a NASH-inducing diet 376:395 a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food 376:515 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 3 61 contain containing 402:411 arg2 fats 438:441 fats 438:441 fats 438:441 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 11 62 located found 1583:1587 arg2 changes 1570:1576 important pathological changes 1547:1576 important pathological changes also found in human NASH 1547:1601 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 11 62 located found 1583:1587 arg1 NASH 1598:1601 human NASH 1592:1601 human NASH 1592:1601 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 7 63 theme network 1043:1049 arg1 analysis 1051:1058 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis 971:1058 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis 971:1058 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 9 64 theme c-Jun 1246:1250 arg1 expression 1252:1261 hepatic c-Jun expression 1238:1261 hepatic c-Jun expression 1238:1261 Moreover, hepatic c-Jun expression was enhanced in ND-fed mice. 24492282 7 65 theme protein-protein 1015:1029 arg1 network 1043:1049 protein-protein interaction network 1015:1049 protein-protein interaction network 1015:1049 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 7 66 theme expressed 996:1004 arg1 gene 1006:1009 Combining differentially expressed gene 971:1009 Combining differentially expressed gene 971:1009 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 1 67 theme nonalcoholic 103:114 arg1 NAFLD 137:141 NAFLD 137:141 NAFLD 137:141 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 1 67 theme nonalcoholic 103:114 arg1 disease 128:134 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 103:134 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 103:142 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 3 68 from rich 443:446 arg1 acids 467:471 saturated fatty acids 451:471 saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food 451:515 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 7 69 theme gene 1006:1009 arg1 analysis 1051:1058 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis 971:1058 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis 971:1058 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 7 70 theme Combining 971:979 arg1 gene 1006:1009 Combining differentially expressed gene 971:1009 Combining differentially expressed gene 971:1009 Combining differentially expressed gene and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified c-Jun as hub in the largest connected deregulated sub-network in ND livers. 24492282 1 71 theme liver 122:126 arg1 NAFLD 137:141 NAFLD 137:141 NAFLD 137:141 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 1 71 theme liver 122:126 arg1 disease 128:134 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 103:134 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 103:142 Overnutrition is the major cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 24492282 12 72 theme NASH 1763:1766 arg1 development 1732:1742 development 1732:1742 development 1732:1742 Abundance of c-Jun in NAFLD likely facilitates development and progression of NASH. 24492282 12 72 theme NASH 1763:1766 arg1 progression 1748:1758 progression 1748:1758 progression 1748:1758 Abundance of c-Jun in NAFLD likely facilitates development and progression of NASH. 24492282 0 73 from expression 10:19 arg1 disease 58:64 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 33:64 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 33:64 Increased expression of c-Jun in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24492282 11 74 theme new 1525:1527 arg1 model 1535:1539 our new mouse model 1521:1539 our new mouse model 1521:1539 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 5 75 theme hepatocellular 645:658 arg1 damage 660:665 hepatocellular damage 645:665 hepatocellular damage 645:665 In the liver, ND-feeding led to marked steatosis, hepatocellular damage, inflammation and beginning fibrosis. 24492282 10 76 theme microarray 1308:1317 arg1 technology 1319:1328 Combined tissue microarray technology 1292:1328 Combined tissue microarray technology 1292:1328 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 6 77 from changes 949:955 arg1 livers 963:968 ND livers 960:968 ND livers 960:968 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 10 78 theme Combined 1292:1299 arg1 technology 1319:1328 Combined tissue microarray technology 1292:1328 Combined tissue microarray technology 1292:1328 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 2 79 theme Western 338:344 arg1 societies 346:354 Western societies 338:354 Western societies 338:354 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 0 80 theme c-Jun 24:28 arg1 expression 10:19 Increased expression 0:19 Increased expression of c-Jun in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 0:64 Increased expression of c-Jun in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24492282 0 81 theme nonalcoholic 33:44 arg1 disease 58:64 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 33:64 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 33:64 Increased expression of c-Jun in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24492282 11 82 theme c-Jun/AP-1 1617:1626 arg1 activation 1628:1637 c-Jun/AP-1 activation 1617:1637 c-Jun/AP-1 activation 1617:1637 In summary, our new mouse model shows important pathological changes also found in human NASH and indicates c-Jun/AP-1 activation as critical regulator of hepatic alterations. 24492282 0 83 theme liver 52:56 arg1 disease 58:64 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 33:64 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 33:64 Increased expression of c-Jun in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24492282 10 84 theme steatosis 1498:1506 arg1 degree 1480:1485 the degree 1476:1485 the degree of hepatic steatosis 1476:1506 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 10 85 theme enhanced 1373:1380 arg1 levels 1396:1401 enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels 1373:1401 enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels 1373:1401 Combined tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed enhanced hepatic c-Jun levels in NAFLD patients, which correlated with inflammation, and notably, with the degree of hepatic steatosis. 24492282 3 86 theme rich 443:446 arg1 ND 398:399 ND 398:399 ND 398:399 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 3 86 theme rich 443:446 arg1 diet 392:395 a NASH-inducing diet 376:395 a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food 376:515 Mice were fed with a NASH-inducing diet (ND) containing sucrose, cholesterol and fats rich in saturated fatty acids in a composition, which mimics Western food. 24492282 6 87 theme target 802:807 arg1 sites 809:813 over-represented transcription factor target sites 764:813 over-represented transcription factor target sites 764:813 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 4 88 theme ND-fed 534:539 arg1 mice 541:544 ND-fed mice 534:544 ND-fed mice 534:544 After 12 weeks, ND-fed mice revealed obesity and impaired glucose tolerance. 24492282 6 89 theme transcription 781:793 arg1 sites 809:813 over-represented transcription factor target sites 764:813 over-represented transcription factor target sites 764:813 Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis and search for over-represented transcription factor target sites among the differentially expressed genes identified activator protein-1 (AP-1) as the most likely factor to cause the transcriptional changes in ND livers. 24492282 2 90 theme patients 326:333 arg1 situation 307:315 nutritional situation 295:315 nutritional situation 295:315 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 24492282 2 90 theme patients 326:333 arg1 pathology 281:289 pathology 281:289 pathology 281:289 We aimed to develop and characterize a murine model, which resembles both the pathology and nutritional situation, of NASH patients in Western societies. 27294129 2 0 theme elements 453:460 arg1 effects 395:401 the effects 391:401 the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium 391:520 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 0 1 from Nutrients 11:19 arg1 Substrates 24:33 Substrates 24:33 Substrates of Different Grains 24:53 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 0 2 from Substrates 24:33 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus 0:102 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 2 3 theme trace 447:451 arg1 elements 453:460 trace elements 447:460 trace elements 447:460 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 0 4 theme Aspergillus 85:95 arg1 flavus 97:102 Aspergillus flavus 85:102 Aspergillus flavus 85:102 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Production 71:80 Aflatoxin B1 Production 58:80 Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus 58:102 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Substrates 24:33 Substrates 24:33 Substrates of Different Grains 24:53 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 4 6 theme AFB1 795:798 arg1 production 800:809 AFB1 production 795:809 AFB1 production 795:809 Maltose, glucose, sucrose, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and zinc significantly induced AFB1 production up to 1.7- to 26.6-fold. 27294129 4 7 theme glutamic 734:741 arg1 acid 743:746 glutamic acid 734:746 glutamic acid 734:746 Maltose, glucose, sucrose, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and zinc significantly induced AFB1 production up to 1.7- to 26.6-fold. 27294129 2 8 theme mycelial 485:492 arg1 growth 494:499 mycelial growth 485:499 mycelial growth 485:499 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 6 9 theme various 1095:1101 arg1 grains 1103:1108 various grains 1095:1108 various grains that are differentially infected by A. flavus 1095:1154 Thus, this study demonstrated that, combined with the nutrients content of grains, in addition to lipids, sucrose, stachyose, glutamic acid, and zinc might play key roles in various grains that are differentially infected by A. flavus. 27294129 6 10 theme glutamic 1047:1054 arg1 acid 1056:1059 glutamic acid 1047:1059 glutamic acid 1047:1059 Thus, this study demonstrated that, combined with the nutrients content of grains, in addition to lipids, sucrose, stachyose, glutamic acid, and zinc might play key roles in various grains that are differentially infected by A. flavus. 27294129 5 11 theme A. 878:879 arg1 growth 888:893 A. flavus growth 878:893 A. flavus growth 878:893 And stachyose more significantly promoted A. flavus growth than the other nutrients. 27294129 5 12 dep A. 878:879 arg1 flavus 881:886 flavus 881:886 flavus 881:886 And stachyose more significantly promoted A. flavus growth than the other nutrients. 27294129 1 13 theme potential 152:160 arg1 factors 162:168 the potential factors 148:168 the potential factors affecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains 148:243 The current study was to better understand the potential factors affecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains. 27294129 0 14 theme Different 38:46 arg1 Grains 48:53 Different Grains 38:53 Different Grains 38:53 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 2 15 theme substrates 379:388 arg1 content 364:370 the nutrient content 351:370 the nutrient content of the substrates 351:388 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 4 16 dep 1.7- 817:820 arg1 up 811:812 up 811:812 up 811:812 Maltose, glucose, sucrose, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and zinc significantly induced AFB1 production up to 1.7- to 26.6-fold. 27294129 4 16 dep 1.7- 817:820 arg1 to 822:823 to 822:823 to 822:823 Maltose, glucose, sucrose, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and zinc significantly induced AFB1 production up to 1.7- to 26.6-fold. 27294129 0 17 theme B1 68:69 arg1 Production 71:80 Aflatoxin B1 Production 58:80 Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus 58:102 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 0 18 theme Aflatoxin 58:66 arg1 B1 68:69 Aflatoxin B1 58:69 Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus 58:102 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 6 19 theme key 1082:1084 arg1 roles 1086:1090 key roles 1082:1090 key roles 1082:1090 Thus, this study demonstrated that, combined with the nutrients content of grains, in addition to lipids, sucrose, stachyose, glutamic acid, and zinc might play key roles in various grains that are differentially infected by A. flavus. 27294129 3 20 from substrates 595:604 arg1 removal 565:571 removal 565:571 removal of lipids from ground substrates 565:604 These results verified that removal of lipids from ground substrates significantly reduced the substrate's potential for AFB1 production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 7 21 theme grains 1221:1226 arg1 stachyose 1203:1211 stachyose 1203:1211 stachyose 1203:1211 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 7 21 theme grains 1221:1226 arg1 arginine 1190:1197 arginine 1190:1197 arginine 1190:1197 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 7 21 theme grains 1221:1226 arg1 nutrients 1179:1187 two new nutrients 1171:1187 two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly 1171:1249 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 2 22 theme sugars 422:427 arg1 effects 395:401 the effects 391:401 the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium 391:520 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 3 23 theme ground 588:593 arg1 substrates 595:604 ground substrates 588:604 ground substrates 588:604 These results verified that removal of lipids from ground substrates significantly reduced the substrate's potential for AFB1 production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 1 24 theme aflatoxin 180:188 arg1 AFB1 194:197 AFB1 194:197 AFB1 194:197 The current study was to better understand the potential factors affecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains. 27294129 1 24 theme aflatoxin 180:188 arg1 B1 190:191 aflatoxin B1 180:191 aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains 180:243 The current study was to better understand the potential factors affecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains. 27294129 7 25 theme A. 1281:1282 arg1 growth 1291:1296 A. flavus growth 1281:1296 A. flavus growth 1281:1296 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 2 26 theme substrates 296:305 arg1 contents 275:282 contents 275:282 contents 275:282 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 2 26 theme substrates 296:305 arg1 composition 259:269 nutrient composition 250:269 nutrient composition 250:269 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 1 27 theme B1 190:191 arg1 accumulation 200:211 aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation 180:211 aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains 180:243 The current study was to better understand the potential factors affecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains. 27294129 0 28 theme Nutrients 11:19 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus 0:102 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 5 29 theme other 904:908 arg1 nutrients 910:918 the other nutrients 900:918 the other nutrients 900:918 And stachyose more significantly promoted A. flavus growth than the other nutrients. 27294129 2 30 theme defatted 287:294 arg1 substrates 296:305 defatted substrates 287:305 defatted substrates 287:305 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 2 31 theme Czapek-Dox 504:513 arg1 medium 515:520 Czapek-Dox medium 504:520 Czapek-Dox medium 504:520 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 8 32 theme antifungal 1350:1359 arg1 methods 1361:1367 antifungal methods 1350:1367 antifungal methods 1350:1367 The results provide new concepts for antifungal methods to protect food and animal feed from AFB1 contamination. 27294129 7 33 dep grains 1221:1226 arg1 we 1228:1229 we 1228:1229 we 1228:1229 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 6 34 theme grains 996:1001 arg1 content 985:991 the nutrients content 971:991 the nutrients content of grains 971:1001 Thus, this study demonstrated that, combined with the nutrients content of grains, in addition to lipids, sucrose, stachyose, glutamic acid, and zinc might play key roles in various grains that are differentially infected by A. flavus. 27294129 7 35 dep A. 1281:1282 arg1 flavus 1284:1289 flavus 1284:1289 flavus 1284:1289 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 1 36 dep accumulation 200:211 arg1 varies 213:218 varies 213:218 varies between different grains 213:243 The current study was to better understand the potential factors affecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains. 27294129 0 37 theme Grains 48:53 arg1 Substrates 24:33 Substrates 24:33 Substrates of Different Grains 24:53 Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 2 38 dep starch 406:411 arg1 soluble 414:420 soluble 414:420 soluble 414:420 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 4 39 theme Maltose 697:703 arg1 glucose 706:712 Maltose, glucose, sucrose, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and zinc 697:771 glucose 706:712 Maltose, glucose, sucrose, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and zinc significantly induced AFB1 production up to 1.7- to 26.6-fold. 27294129 2 40 theme amino 430:434 arg1 acids 436:440 amino acids 430:440 amino acids 430:440 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 8 41 theme AFB1 1406:1409 arg1 contamination 1411:1423 AFB1 contamination 1406:1423 AFB1 contamination 1406:1423 The results provide new concepts for antifungal methods to protect food and animal feed from AFB1 contamination. 27294129 3 42 theme AFB1 658:661 arg1 production 663:672 AFB1 production 658:672 AFB1 production by Aspergillus flavus 658:694 These results verified that removal of lipids from ground substrates significantly reduced the substrate's potential for AFB1 production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 1 43 theme current 109:115 arg1 study 117:121 The current study 105:121 The current study 105:121 The current study was to better understand the potential factors affecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains. 27294129 8 44 theme new 1333:1335 arg1 concepts 1337:1344 new concepts 1333:1344 new concepts for antifungal methods to protect food and animal feed from AFB1 contamination 1333:1423 The results provide new concepts for antifungal methods to protect food and animal feed from AFB1 contamination. 27294129 7 45 theme new 1175:1177 arg1 stachyose 1203:1211 stachyose 1203:1211 stachyose 1203:1211 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 7 45 theme new 1175:1177 arg1 arginine 1190:1197 arginine 1190:1197 arginine 1190:1197 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 7 45 theme new 1175:1177 arg1 nutrients 1179:1187 two new nutrients 1171:1187 two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly 1171:1249 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 2 46 from production 470:479 arg1 medium 515:520 Czapek-Dox medium 504:520 Czapek-Dox medium 504:520 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 2 47 theme nutrient 250:257 arg1 composition 259:269 nutrient composition 250:269 nutrient composition 250:269 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 2 48 from growth 494:499 arg1 medium 515:520 Czapek-Dox medium 504:520 Czapek-Dox medium 504:520 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 4 49 theme aspartic 749:756 arg1 acid 758:761 aspartic acid 749:761 aspartic acid 749:761 Maltose, glucose, sucrose, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and zinc significantly induced AFB1 production up to 1.7- to 26.6-fold. 27294129 2 50 from effects 395:401 arg1 production 470:479 AFB1 production 465:479 AFB1 production 465:479 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 2 50 from effects 395:401 arg1 growth 494:499 mycelial growth 485:499 mycelial growth 485:499 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 2 51 dep composition 259:269 arg1 The 246:248 The 246:248 The 246:248 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 6 52 theme nutrients 975:983 arg1 content 985:991 the nutrients content 971:991 the nutrients content of grains 971:1001 Thus, this study demonstrated that, combined with the nutrients content of grains, in addition to lipids, sucrose, stachyose, glutamic acid, and zinc might play key roles in various grains that are differentially infected by A. flavus. 27294129 2 53 theme AFB1 465:468 arg1 production 470:479 AFB1 production 465:479 AFB1 production 465:479 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 8 54 theme animal 1389:1394 arg1 feed 1396:1399 animal feed 1389:1399 animal feed 1389:1399 The results provide new concepts for antifungal methods to protect food and animal feed from AFB1 contamination. 27294129 3 55 theme lipids 576:581 arg1 removal 565:571 removal 565:571 removal of lipids from ground substrates 565:604 These results verified that removal of lipids from ground substrates significantly reduced the substrate's potential for AFB1 production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 2 56 theme starch 406:411 arg1 sugars 422:427 starch, soluble sugars 406:427 starch, soluble sugars 406:427 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 7 57 dep nutrients 1179:1187 arg1 stachyose 1203:1211 stachyose 1203:1211 stachyose 1203:1211 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 7 57 dep nutrients 1179:1187 arg1 arginine 1190:1197 arginine 1190:1197 arginine 1190:1197 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 7 57 dep nutrients 1179:1187 arg1 nutrients 1179:1187 two new nutrients 1171:1187 two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly 1171:1249 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 2 58 theme acids 436:440 arg1 effects 395:401 the effects 391:401 the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium 391:520 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 3 59 theme Aspergillus 677:687 arg1 flavus 689:694 Aspergillus flavus 677:694 Aspergillus flavus 677:694 These results verified that removal of lipids from ground substrates significantly reduced the substrate's potential for AFB1 production by Aspergillus flavus. 27294129 7 60 theme AFB1 1261:1264 arg1 production 1266:1275 AFB1 production 1261:1275 AFB1 production 1261:1275 Particularly, two new nutrients (arginine and stachyose) of the grains we found significantly stimulate AFB1 production and A. flavus growth, respectively. 27294129 2 61 theme nutrient 355:362 arg1 content 364:370 the nutrient content 351:370 the nutrient content of the substrates 351:388 The nutrient composition and contents of defatted substrates were determined; additionally, according to the nutrient content of the substrates, the effects of starch, soluble sugars, amino acids, and trace elements on AFB1 production and mycelial growth in Czapek-Dox medium were examined. 27294129 1 62 theme different 228:236 arg1 grains 238:243 different grains 228:243 different grains 228:243 The current study was to better understand the potential factors affecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation varies between different grains. 24907394 0 0 theme seaweed-degrading 70:86 arg1 sequence 13:20 Draft genome sequence 0:20 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 0:59 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 0 0 theme seaweed-degrading 70:86 arg1 bacterium 88:96 a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium 62:96 a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate 62:155 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 1 1 theme Microbulbifer 158:170 arg1 strain 205:210 a new strain 199:210 a new strain 199:210 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 1 theme Microbulbifer 158:170 arg1 HZ11 189:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 0 2 theme brown 64:68 arg1 sequence 13:20 Draft genome sequence 0:20 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 0:59 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 0 2 theme brown 64:68 arg1 bacterium 88:96 a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium 62:96 a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate 62:155 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 1 3 theme Laminaria 297:305 arg1 japonica 307:314 Laminaria japonica 297:314 Laminaria japonica 297:314 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 4 theme elongatus 172:180 arg1 strain 205:210 a new strain 199:210 a new strain 199:210 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 4 theme elongatus 172:180 arg1 HZ11 189:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 4 5 contain has 772:774 arg2 ability 790:796 the potential ability 776:796 the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds 776:987 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 4 5 contain has 772:774 arg1 HZ11 767:770 strain HZ11 760:770 strain HZ11 760:770 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 0 6 dep ability 113:119 arg1 produce 124:130 produce 124:130 to produce bioethanol from alginate 121:155 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 4 7 theme brown 974:978 arg1 seaweeds 980:987 brown seaweeds 974:987 brown seaweeds 974:987 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 4 8 theme potential 780:788 arg1 ability 790:796 the potential ability 776:796 the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds 776:987 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 0 9 from alginate 148:155 arg1 bioethanol 132:141 bioethanol 132:141 bioethanol from alginate 132:155 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 1 10 theme single 321:326 arg1 particles 342:350 single cell detritus particles 321:350 single cell detritus particles 321:350 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 2 11 theme high 370:373 arg1 genome 389:394 a high quality draft genome 368:394 a high quality draft genome 368:394 Here we report a high quality draft genome of M. elongatus strain HZ11, which comprises 4,223,108bp in 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70%. 24907394 1 12 contain has 247:249 arg2 ability 255:261 the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles 251:350 the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles 251:350 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 12 contain has 247:249 arg1 strain 205:210 a new strain 199:210 a new strain 199:210 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 12 contain has 247:249 arg1 HZ11 189:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 13 theme strain 182:187 arg1 strain 205:210 a new strain 199:210 a new strain 199:210 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 13 theme strain 182:187 arg1 HZ11 189:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 0 14 theme potential 103:111 arg1 ability 113:119 potential ability 103:119 potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate 103:155 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 1 15 theme cell 328:331 arg1 particles 342:350 single cell detritus particles 321:350 single cell detritus particles 321:350 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 4 16 theme bioethanol 916:925 arg1 yield 907:911 the yield 903:911 the yield of bioethanol 903:925 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 2 17 with contigs 458:464 arg1 content 479:485 the G+C content 471:485 the G+C content of 56.70% 471:495 Here we report a high quality draft genome of M. elongatus strain HZ11, which comprises 4,223,108bp in 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70%. 24907394 0 18 theme genome 6:11 arg1 sequence 13:20 Draft genome sequence 0:20 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 0:59 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 0 18 theme genome 6:11 arg1 bacterium 88:96 a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium 62:96 a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate 62:155 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 1 19 theme detritus 333:340 arg1 particles 342:350 single cell detritus particles 321:350 single cell detritus particles 321:350 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 3 20 theme 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate 629:654 arg1 EC 664:665 EC 2.7.1.45 664:674 EC 2.7.1.45 664:674 A total of 3293 protein-coding sequences were predicted, including nine alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3), five agarases (EC 3.2.1.81), 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate kinase (EC 2.7.1.45) and all enzymes involved in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 24907394 3 20 theme 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate 629:654 arg1 kinase 656:661 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate kinase 629:661 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate kinase (EC 2.7.1.45) 629:675 A total of 3293 protein-coding sequences were predicted, including nine alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3), five agarases (EC 3.2.1.81), 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate kinase (EC 2.7.1.45) and all enzymes involved in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 24907394 0 21 theme Draft 0:4 arg1 sequence 13:20 Draft genome sequence 0:20 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 0:59 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 0 21 theme Draft 0:4 arg1 bacterium 88:96 a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium 62:96 a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate 62:155 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 4 22 theme strain 760:765 arg1 HZ11 767:770 strain HZ11 760:770 strain HZ11 760:770 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 4 23 theme utilization 954:964 arg1 rate 966:969 the utilization rate 950:969 the utilization rate of brown seaweeds 950:987 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 0 24 with bacterium 88:96 arg1 ability 113:119 potential ability 103:119 potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate 103:155 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 4 25 with bioethanol 809:818 arg1 modification 856:867 moderate genetic modification 839:867 moderate genetic modification 839:867 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 2 26 theme quality 375:381 arg1 genome 389:394 a high quality draft genome 368:394 a high quality draft genome 368:394 Here we report a high quality draft genome of M. elongatus strain HZ11, which comprises 4,223,108bp in 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70%. 24907394 2 27 theme draft 383:387 arg1 genome 389:394 a high quality draft genome 368:394 a high quality draft genome 368:394 Here we report a high quality draft genome of M. elongatus strain HZ11, which comprises 4,223,108bp in 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70%. 24907394 4 28 theme moderate 839:846 arg1 modification 856:867 moderate genetic modification 839:867 moderate genetic modification 839:867 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 1 29 theme new 201:203 arg1 strain 205:210 a new strain 199:210 a new strain 199:210 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 29 theme new 201:203 arg1 HZ11 189:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 0 30 theme elongatus 39:47 arg1 strain 49:54 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 25:59 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 25:59 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 4 31 theme genetic 848:854 arg1 modification 856:867 moderate genetic modification 839:867 moderate genetic modification 839:867 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 4 32 theme seaweeds 980:987 arg1 rate 966:969 the utilization rate 950:969 the utilization rate of brown seaweeds 950:987 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 4 32 theme seaweeds 980:987 arg1 seaweed 938:944 brown seaweed 932:944 brown seaweed 932:944 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 3 33 theme protein-coding 514:527 arg1 sequences 529:537 3293 protein-coding sequences 509:537 3293 protein-coding sequences 509:537 A total of 3293 protein-coding sequences were predicted, including nine alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3), five agarases (EC 3.2.1.81), 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate kinase (EC 2.7.1.45) and all enzymes involved in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 24907394 0 34 theme Microbulbifer 25:37 arg1 strain 49:54 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 25:59 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 25:59 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 2 35 theme G+C 475:477 arg1 content 479:485 the G+C content 471:485 the G+C content of 56.70% 471:495 Here we report a high quality draft genome of M. elongatus strain HZ11, which comprises 4,223,108bp in 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70%. 24907394 1 36 dep M. 215:216 arg1 elongates 218:226 elongates 218:226 elongates DSM 6810(T) 218:238 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 3 37 theme sequences 529:537 arg1 total 500:504 A total 498:504 A total of 3293 protein-coding sequences 498:537 A total of 3293 protein-coding sequences were predicted, including nine alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3), five agarases (EC 3.2.1.81), 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate kinase (EC 2.7.1.45) and all enzymes involved in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 24907394 2 38 theme strain 412:417 arg1 genome 389:394 a high quality draft genome 368:394 a high quality draft genome 368:394 Here we report a high quality draft genome of M. elongatus strain HZ11, which comprises 4,223,108bp in 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70%. 24907394 2 39 from 4,223,108bp 441:451 arg1 contigs 458:464 9 contigs 456:464 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70% 456:495 Here we report a high quality draft genome of M. elongatus strain HZ11, which comprises 4,223,108bp in 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70%. 24907394 0 40 theme strain 49:54 arg1 sequence 13:20 Draft genome sequence 0:20 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 0:59 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 0 40 theme strain 49:54 arg1 bacterium 88:96 a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium 62:96 a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate 62:155 Draft genome sequence of Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, a brown seaweed-degrading bacterium with potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate. 24907394 1 41 theme brown 274:278 arg1 japonica 307:314 Laminaria japonica 297:314 Laminaria japonica 297:314 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 41 theme brown 274:278 arg1 seaweeds 280:287 brown seaweeds 274:287 brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles 274:350 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 2 42 theme elongatus 402:410 arg1 strain 412:417 M. elongatus strain HZ11 399:422 M. elongatus strain HZ11 399:422 Here we report a high quality draft genome of M. elongatus strain HZ11, which comprises 4,223,108bp in 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70%. 24907394 3 43 theme alginate 570:577 arg1 lyases 579:584 nine alginate lyases 565:584 nine alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3) 565:597 A total of 3293 protein-coding sequences were predicted, including nine alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3), five agarases (EC 3.2.1.81), 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate kinase (EC 2.7.1.45) and all enzymes involved in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 24907394 3 43 theme alginate 570:577 arg1 EC 587:588 EC 4.2.2.3 587:596 EC 4.2.2.3 587:596 A total of 3293 protein-coding sequences were predicted, including nine alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3), five agarases (EC 3.2.1.81), 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate kinase (EC 2.7.1.45) and all enzymes involved in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 24907394 1 44 theme M. 215:216 arg1 strain 205:210 a new strain 199:210 a new strain 199:210 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 44 theme M. 215:216 arg1 HZ11 189:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11 158:192 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 2 45 theme % 495:495 arg1 content 479:485 the G+C content 471:485 the G+C content of 56.70% 471:495 Here we report a high quality draft genome of M. elongatus strain HZ11, which comprises 4,223,108bp in 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70%. 24907394 3 46 theme Entner-Doudoroff 709:724 arg1 pathway 726:732 the Entner-Doudoroff pathway 705:732 the Entner-Doudoroff pathway 705:732 A total of 3293 protein-coding sequences were predicted, including nine alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3), five agarases (EC 3.2.1.81), 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate kinase (EC 2.7.1.45) and all enzymes involved in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 24907394 4 47 from alginate 825:832 arg1 bioethanol 809:818 bioethanol 809:818 bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds 809:987 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 1 48 theme DSM 228:230 arg1 T 237:237 T 237:237 T 237:237 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 1 48 theme DSM 228:230 arg1 6810 232:235 DSM 6810 228:235 DSM 6810(T) 228:238 Microbulbifer elongatus strain HZ11, was a new strain of M. elongates DSM 6810(T), which has the ability to degrade brown seaweeds such as Laminaria japonica into single cell detritus particles. 24907394 4 49 theme brown 932:936 arg1 seaweed 938:944 brown seaweed 932:944 brown seaweed 932:944 Our results suggest that strain HZ11 has the potential ability to produce bioethanol from alginate with moderate genetic modification, which may significantly increase the yield of bioethanol from brown seaweed and the utilization rate of brown seaweeds. 24907394 2 50 theme M. 399:400 arg1 strain 412:417 M. elongatus strain HZ11 399:422 M. elongatus strain HZ11 399:422 Here we report a high quality draft genome of M. elongatus strain HZ11, which comprises 4,223,108bp in 9 contigs with the G+C content of 56.70%. 25225260 9 0 theme Phylogenetic 880:891 arg1 analysis 893:900 Phylogenetic analysis 880:900 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 880:933 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 10 1 theme 80099 1146:1150 arg1 hybridization 1118:1130 DNA-DNA hybridization 1110:1130 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), 1110:1380 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 5 2 dep anteiso-C15  523:534 arg1 anteiso-C17  543:554 anteiso-C17  543:554 anteiso-C17  543:554 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 5 2 dep anteiso-C15  523:534 arg1  0 536:537  0 536:537  0 536:537 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 5 2 dep anteiso-C15  523:534 arg1  0 556:557  0 556:557  0 556:557 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 11 3 theme EGI 1516:1518 arg1 T 1526:1526 T 1526:1526 T 1526:1526 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 11 3 theme EGI 1516:1518 arg1 80099 1520:1524 strain EGI 80099 1509:1524 strain EGI 80099(T) 1509:1527 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 7 4 theme polar 823:827 arg1 lipids 829:834 polar lipids 823:834 polar lipids 823:834 Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids. 25225260 10 5 theme strain 1135:1140 arg1 T 1152:1152 T 1152:1152 T 1152:1152 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 5 theme strain 1135:1140 arg1 80099 1146:1150 strain EGI 80099 1135:1150 strain EGI 80099(T) 1135:1153 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 9 6 theme 16S 911:913 arg1 sequences 925:933 16S rRNA gene sequences 911:933 16S rRNA gene sequences 911:933 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 11 7 from hybridizations 1439:1452 arg1 Data 1421:1424 Data 1421:1424 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests 1421:1492 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 9 8 theme gene 920:923 arg1 sequences 925:933 16S rRNA gene sequences 911:933 16S rRNA gene sequences 911:933 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 1 9 attach isolated 70:77 arg2 actinobacterium 54:68 an alkaliphilic actinobacterium 38:68 an alkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil in a saline-alkaline desert 38:127 nov., an alkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil in a saline-alkaline desert. 25225260 1 9 attach isolated 70:77 arg1 soil 96:99 rhizosphere soil 84:99 rhizosphere soil 84:99 nov., an alkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil in a saline-alkaline desert. 25225260 2 10 theme Fukang 292:297 arg1 Xinjiang 300:307 Xinjiang 300:307 Xinjiang 300:307 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 2 10 theme Fukang 292:297 arg1 China 321:325 Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 292:325 China 321:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 11 11 theme strain 1509:1514 arg1 T 1526:1526 T 1526:1526 T 1526:1526 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 11 11 theme strain 1509:1514 arg1 80099 1520:1524 strain EGI 80099 1509:1524 strain EGI 80099(T) 1509:1527 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 10 12 theme % 1418:1418 arg1 values 1399:1404 relatedness values 1387:1404 relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 % 1387:1418 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 11 13 theme Nesterenkonia 1603:1615 arg1 sp 1631:1632 the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp 1594:1632 the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp 1594:1632 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 10 14 theme Nesterenkonia 1235:1247 arg1 similarities 1221:1232 the highest sequence similarities 1200:1232 the highest sequence similarities 1200:1232 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 14 theme Nesterenkonia 1235:1247 arg1 % 1280:1280 97.37 % 1274:1280 97.37 % 1274:1280 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 14 theme Nesterenkonia 1235:1247 arg1 DSM 1260:1262 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733 1235:1268 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %) 1235:1281 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 14 theme Nesterenkonia 1235:1247 arg1 T 1270:1270 T 1270:1270 T 1270:1270 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 9 15 theme strain 947:952 arg1 T 964:964 T 964:964 T 964:964 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 9 15 theme strain 947:952 arg1 80099 958:962 strain EGI 80099 947:962 strain EGI 80099(T) 947:965 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 2 16 theme rhizosphere 215:225 arg1 sample 232:237 a rhizosphere soil sample 213:237 a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 213:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 4 17 theme predominant 428:438 arg1 MK-7 458:461 MK-7 458:461 MK-7 458:461 The predominant menaquinones were MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9. 25225260 4 17 theme predominant 428:438 arg1 menaquinones 440:451 The predominant menaquinones 424:451 The predominant menaquinones 424:451 The predominant menaquinones were MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9. 25225260 1 18 dep actinobacterium 54:68 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., an alkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil in a saline-alkaline desert. 25225260 13 19 theme T 1700:1700 arg1 T 1715:1715 T 1715:1715 T 1715:1715 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 13 19 theme T 1700:1700 arg1 19129 1709:1713  = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129 1686:1713  = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T) 1686:1716 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 11 20 theme Nesterenkonia 1569:1581 arg1 species 1548:1554 a novel species 1540:1554 a novel species 1540:1554 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 2 21 theme Reaumuria 242:250 arg1 soongorica 252:261 Reaumuria soongorica 242:261 Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 242:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 5 22 theme major 483:487 arg1 acids 504:508 The major cellular fatty acids 479:508 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 479:516 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 5 22 theme major 483:487 arg1 % 515:515 >10 % 511:515 >10 % 511:515 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 5 22 theme major 483:487 arg1 anteiso-C15  523:534 anteiso-C15  523:534 anteiso-C15  523:534 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 13 23 theme type 1657:1660 arg1 strain 1662:1667 The type strain 1653:1667 The type strain 1653:1667 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 13 23 theme type 1657:1660 arg1 80099 1676:1680 EGI 80099 1672:1680 EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)) 1672:1717 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 7 24 contain contained 688:696 arg2 glycolipid 809:818 an unidentified glycolipid 793:818 an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids 793:834 Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids. 25225260 7 24 contain contained 688:696 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 698:717 phosphatidylglycerol 698:717 phosphatidylglycerol 698:717 Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids. 25225260 7 24 contain contained 688:696 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 720:741 diphosphatidylglycerol 720:741 diphosphatidylglycerol 720:741 Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids. 25225260 7 24 contain contained 688:696 arg2 phospholipid 776:787 an unknown phospholipid 765:787 an unknown phospholipid 765:787 Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids. 25225260 7 24 contain contained 688:696 arg1 Cells 667:671 Cells 667:671 Cells of the isolate 667:686 Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids. 25225260 7 24 contain contained 688:696 arg2 phosphatidylcholine 744:762 phosphatidylcholine 744:762 phosphatidylcholine 744:762 Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids. 25225260 13 25 theme  = JCM 1702:1707 arg1 T 1715:1715 T 1715:1715 T 1715:1715 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 13 25 theme  = JCM 1702:1707 arg1 19129 1709:1713  = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129 1686:1713  = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T) 1686:1716 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 5 26 theme fatty 498:502 arg1 acids 504:508 The major cellular fatty acids 479:508 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 479:516 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 5 26 theme fatty 498:502 arg1 % 515:515 >10 % 511:515 >10 % 511:515 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 5 26 theme fatty 498:502 arg1 anteiso-C15  523:534 anteiso-C15  523:534 anteiso-C15  523:534 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 10 27 theme type 1164:1167 arg1 strains 1169:1175 the type strains 1160:1175 the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), 1160:1380 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 6 28 theme l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu 635:649 arg1 peptidoglycan 609:621 peptidoglycan 609:621 peptidoglycan of the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu, variation A4α 609:664 Analysis of the cell wall showed the presence of peptidoglycan of the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu, variation A4α. 25225260 1 29 theme rhizosphere 84:94 arg1 soil 96:99 rhizosphere soil 84:99 rhizosphere soil 84:99 nov., an alkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil in a saline-alkaline desert. 25225260 8 30 theme DNA 849:851 arg1 content 857:863 The genomic DNA G+C content 837:863 The genomic DNA G+C content 837:863 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.4 mol%. 25225260 8 30 theme DNA 849:851 arg1 % 877:877 63.4 mol% 869:877 63.4 mol% 869:877 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.4 mol%. 25225260 2 31 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 strain 162:167 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain 130:167 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain 130:167 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 2 31 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 sample 232:237 a rhizosphere soil sample 213:237 a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 213:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 3 32 dep Gram-stain-positive 362:380 arg1 non-endospore-forming 395:415 non-endospore-forming 395:415 non-endospore-forming 395:415 Cells of strain EGI 80099(T) were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming cocci. 25225260 3 32 dep Gram-stain-positive 362:380 arg1 non-motile 383:392 non-motile 383:392 non-motile 383:392 Cells of strain EGI 80099(T) were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming cocci. 25225260 9 33 theme % 1023:1023 arg1 similarities 1034:1045 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities 1011:1045 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities 1011:1045 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 0 34 theme Nesterenkonia 0:12 arg1 sp 28:29 Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp 0:29 Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 0:30 Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 3 35 theme EGI 344:346 arg1 T 354:354 T 354:354 T 354:354 Cells of strain EGI 80099(T) were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming cocci. 25225260 3 35 theme EGI 344:346 arg1 80099 348:352 strain EGI 80099 337:352 strain EGI 80099(T) 337:355 Cells of strain EGI 80099(T) were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming cocci. 25225260 6 36 theme peptidoglycan 609:621 arg1 presence 597:604 the presence 593:604 the presence of peptidoglycan of the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu, variation A4α 593:664 Analysis of the cell wall showed the presence of peptidoglycan of the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu, variation A4α. 25225260 1 37 theme saline-alkaline 106:120 arg1 desert 122:127 a saline-alkaline desert 104:127 a saline-alkaline desert 104:127 nov., an alkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil in a saline-alkaline desert. 25225260 3 38 theme Gram-stain-positive 362:380 arg1 cocci 417:421 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming cocci 362:421 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming cocci 362:421 Cells of strain EGI 80099(T) were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming cocci. 25225260 10 39 theme sequence 1212:1219 arg1 similarities 1221:1232 the highest sequence similarities 1200:1232 the highest sequence similarities 1200:1232 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 39 theme sequence 1212:1219 arg1 DSM 1260:1262 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733 1235:1268 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %) 1235:1281 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 40 theme relatedness 1387:1397 arg1 values 1399:1404 relatedness values 1387:1404 relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 % 1387:1418 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 11 41 from tests 1488:1492 arg1 Data 1421:1424 Data 1421:1424 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests 1421:1492 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 2 42 theme EGI 181:183 arg1 T 191:191 T 191:191 T 191:191 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 2 42 theme EGI 181:183 arg1 80099 185:189 EGI 80099 181:189 EGI 80099(T) 181:192 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 2 43 theme China 321:325 arg1 soils 283:287 the desert soils 272:287 the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 272:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 9 44 theme recognized 1072:1081 arg1 species 1083:1089 recognized species 1072:1089 recognized species within this genus 1072:1107 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 7 45 theme isolate 680:686 arg1 Cells 667:671 Cells 667:671 Cells of the isolate 667:686 Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids. 25225260 11 46 theme novel 1542:1546 arg1 species 1548:1554 a novel species 1540:1554 a novel species 1540:1554 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 11 47 theme physiological 1458:1470 arg1 tests 1488:1492 physiological and biochemical tests 1458:1492 physiological and biochemical tests 1458:1492 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 10 48 theme DNA-DNA 1110:1116 arg1 hybridization 1118:1130 DNA-DNA hybridization 1110:1130 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), 1110:1380 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 1 49 theme alkaliphilic 41:52 arg1 actinobacterium 54:68 an alkaliphilic actinobacterium 38:68 an alkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil in a saline-alkaline desert 38:127 nov., an alkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil in a saline-alkaline desert. 25225260 6 50 theme variation 652:660 arg1 l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu 635:649 the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu 626:649 the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu 626:649 Analysis of the cell wall showed the presence of peptidoglycan of the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu, variation A4α. 25225260 6 50 theme variation 652:660 arg1 A4α 662:664 variation A4α 652:664 variation A4α 652:664 Analysis of the cell wall showed the presence of peptidoglycan of the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu, variation A4α. 25225260 11 51 theme biochemical 1476:1486 arg1 tests 1488:1492 physiological and biochemical tests 1458:1492 physiological and biochemical tests 1458:1492 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 2 52 theme desert 276:281 arg1 soils 283:287 the desert soils 272:287 the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 272:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 10 53 theme EGI 1142:1144 arg1 T 1152:1152 T 1152:1152 T 1152:1152 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 53 theme EGI 1142:1144 arg1 80099 1146:1150 strain EGI 80099 1135:1150 strain EGI 80099(T) 1135:1153 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 9 54 theme rRNA 915:918 arg1 sequences 925:933 16S rRNA gene sequences 911:933 16S rRNA gene sequences 911:933 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 2 55 theme actinobacterial 146:160 arg1 strain 162:167 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain 130:167 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain 130:167 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 7 56 theme unidentified 796:807 arg1 glycolipid 809:818 an unidentified glycolipid 793:818 an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids 793:834 Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids. 25225260 11 57 theme rhizosphaerae 1617:1629 arg1 sp 1631:1632 the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp 1594:1632 the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp 1594:1632 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 13 58 theme  = BCRC 1686:1692 arg1 T 1715:1715 T 1715:1715 T 1715:1715 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 13 58 theme  = BCRC 1686:1692 arg1 19129 1709:1713  = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129 1686:1713  = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T) 1686:1716 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 2 59 theme soil 227:230 arg1 sample 232:237 a rhizosphere soil sample 213:237 a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 213:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 9 60 theme EGI 954:956 arg1 T 964:964 T 964:964 T 964:964 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 9 60 theme EGI 954:956 arg1 80099 958:962 strain EGI 80099 947:962 strain EGI 80099(T) 947:965 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 2 61 theme soongorica 252:261 arg1 sample 232:237 a rhizosphere soil sample 213:237 a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 213:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 10 62 theme aethiopica 1249:1258 arg1 similarities 1221:1232 the highest sequence similarities 1200:1232 the highest sequence similarities 1200:1232 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 62 theme aethiopica 1249:1258 arg1 % 1280:1280 97.37 % 1274:1280 97.37 % 1274:1280 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 62 theme aethiopica 1249:1258 arg1 DSM 1260:1262 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733 1235:1268 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %) 1235:1281 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 62 theme aethiopica 1249:1258 arg1 T 1270:1270 T 1270:1270 T 1270:1270 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 6 63 theme wall 581:584 arg1 Analysis 560:567 Analysis 560:567 Analysis of the cell wall 560:584 Analysis of the cell wall showed the presence of peptidoglycan of the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu, variation A4α. 25225260 13 64 theme 16947 1694:1698 arg1 T 1715:1715 T 1715:1715 T 1715:1715 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 13 64 theme 16947 1694:1698 arg1 19129 1709:1713  = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129 1686:1713  = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T) 1686:1716 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 5 65 theme cellular 489:496 arg1 acids 504:508 The major cellular fatty acids 479:508 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 479:516 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 5 65 theme cellular 489:496 arg1 % 515:515 >10 % 511:515 >10 % 511:515 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 5 65 theme cellular 489:496 arg1 anteiso-C15  523:534 anteiso-C15  523:534 anteiso-C15  523:534 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25225260 6 66 theme cell 576:579 arg1 wall 581:584 the cell wall 572:584 the cell wall 572:584 Analysis of the cell wall showed the presence of peptidoglycan of the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu, variation A4α. 25225260 10 67 theme species 1180:1186 arg1 strains 1169:1175 the type strains 1160:1175 the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), 1160:1380 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 11 68 theme genus 1563:1567 arg1 Nesterenkonia 1569:1581 the genus Nesterenkonia 1559:1581 the genus Nesterenkonia 1559:1581 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 9 69 theme genus 982:986 arg1 Nesterenkonia 988:1000 the genus Nesterenkonia 978:1000 the genus Nesterenkonia 978:1000 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 11 70 theme name 1598:1601 arg1 sp 1631:1632 the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp 1594:1632 the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp 1594:1632 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 3 71 theme strain 337:342 arg1 T 354:354 T 354:354 T 354:354 Cells of strain EGI 80099(T) were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming cocci. 25225260 3 71 theme strain 337:342 arg1 80099 348:352 strain EGI 80099 337:352 strain EGI 80099(T) 337:355 Cells of strain EGI 80099(T) were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming cocci. 25225260 10 72 theme highest 1204:1210 arg1 similarities 1221:1232 the highest sequence similarities 1200:1232 the highest sequence similarities 1200:1232 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 10 72 theme highest 1204:1210 arg1 DSM 1260:1262 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733 1235:1268 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %) 1235:1281 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 13 73 theme EGI 1672:1674 arg1 strain 1662:1667 The type strain 1653:1667 The type strain 1653:1667 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 13 73 theme EGI 1672:1674 arg1 80099 1676:1680 EGI 80099 1672:1680 EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)) 1672:1717 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 13 73 theme EGI 1672:1674 arg1 T 1682:1682 T 1682:1682 T 1682:1682 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 10 74 with hybridization 1118:1130 arg1 strains 1169:1175 the type strains 1160:1175 the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), 1160:1380 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain EGI 80099(T) with the type strains of species that showed the highest sequence similarities, Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) (97.37 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251(T) (97.23 %) and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (97.02 %), gave relatedness values of 8.7-62.2 %. 25225260 6 75 theme type 630:633 arg1 l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu 635:649 the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu 626:649 the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu 626:649 Analysis of the cell wall showed the presence of peptidoglycan of the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu, variation A4α. 25225260 6 75 theme type 630:633 arg1 A4α 662:664 variation A4α 652:664 variation A4α 652:664 Analysis of the cell wall showed the presence of peptidoglycan of the type l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu, variation A4α. 25225260 0 76 theme rhizosphaerae 14:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp 0:29 Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 0:30 Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 25225260 8 77 theme genomic 841:847 arg1 content 857:863 The genomic DNA G+C content 837:863 The genomic DNA G+C content 837:863 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.4 mol%. 25225260 8 77 theme genomic 841:847 arg1 % 877:877 63.4 mol% 869:877 63.4 mol% 869:877 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.4 mol%. 25225260 9 78 theme sequence 1025:1032 arg1 similarities 1034:1045 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities 1011:1045 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities 1011:1045 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 7 79 theme unknown 768:774 arg1 phospholipid 776:787 an unknown phospholipid 765:787 an unknown phospholipid 765:787 Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid as polar lipids. 25225260 8 80 theme G+C 853:855 arg1 content 857:863 The genomic DNA G+C content 837:863 The genomic DNA G+C content 837:863 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.4 mol%. 25225260 8 80 theme G+C 853:855 arg1 % 877:877 63.4 mol% 869:877 63.4 mol% 869:877 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.4 mol%. 25225260 3 81 theme 80099 348:352 arg1 Cells 328:332 Cells 328:332 Cells of strain EGI 80099(T) 328:355 Cells of strain EGI 80099(T) were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming cocci. 25225260 9 82 theme type 1056:1059 arg1 strains 1061:1067 the type strains 1052:1067 the type strains of recognized species within this genus 1052:1107 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 8 83 theme mol 874:876 arg1 content 857:863 The genomic DNA G+C content 837:863 The genomic DNA G+C content 837:863 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.4 mol%. 25225260 8 83 theme mol 874:876 arg1 % 877:877 63.4 mol% 869:877 63.4 mol% 869:877 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.4 mol%. 25225260 2 84 located found 263:267 arg2 soongorica 252:261 Reaumuria soongorica 242:261 Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 242:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 2 84 located found 263:267 arg1 soils 283:287 the desert soils 272:287 the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 272:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 2 85 theme north-west 310:319 arg1 Xinjiang 300:307 Xinjiang 300:307 Xinjiang 300:307 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 2 85 theme north-west 310:319 arg1 China 321:325 Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China 292:325 China 321:325 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 13 86 dep 80099 1676:1680 arg1 T 1715:1715 T 1715:1715 T 1715:1715 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 13 86 dep 80099 1676:1680 arg1 19129 1709:1713  = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129 1686:1713  = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T) 1686:1716 The type strain is EGI 80099(T) ( = BCRC 16947(T) = JCM 19129(T)). 25225260 9 87 theme species 1083:1089 arg1 strains 1061:1067 the type strains 1052:1067 the type strains of recognized species within this genus 1052:1107 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 9 88 theme 95.68-97.37  1011:1022 arg1 similarities 1034:1045 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities 1011:1045 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities 1011:1045 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80099(T) belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, sharing 95.68-97.37 % sequence similarities with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. 25225260 2 89 theme alkaliphilic 133:144 arg1 strain 162:167 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain 130:167 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain 130:167 An alkaliphilic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80099(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Reaumuria soongorica found in the desert soils of Fukang, Xinjiang, north-west China. 25225260 11 90 theme DNA-DNA 1431:1437 arg1 hybridizations 1439:1452 DNA-DNA hybridizations 1431:1452 DNA-DNA hybridizations 1431:1452 Data from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain EGI 80099(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae sp. 26148091 4 0 theme IL-12p70 917:924 arg1 release 926:932 IL-12p70 release 917:932 IL-12p70 release 917:932 IL-10 and IL-12p70 release was analyzed after 24 hours in cell-free supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 26148091 6 1 theme immune-suppressive 1307:1324 arg1 capacity 1326:1333 immune-suppressive capacity 1307:1333 immune-suppressive capacity 1307:1333 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 11 2 theme T 2144:2144 arg1 Tregs 2153:2157 Tregs 2153:2157 Tregs 2153:2157 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 11 2 theme T 2144:2144 arg1 cells 2146:2150 regulatory T cells 2133:2150 regulatory T cells (Tregs) 2133:2158 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 6 3 theme naïve 1213:1217 arg1 cells 1221:1225 naïve T cells 1213:1225 naïve T cells 1213:1225 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 11 4 theme human 2087:2091 arg1 MoDC 2093:2096 human MoDC 2087:2096 human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) 2087:2158 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 1 5 theme acid 278:281 arg1 LAB 293:295 LAB 293:295 LAB 293:295 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 1 5 theme acid 278:281 arg1 bacteria 283:290 lactic acid bacteria 271:290 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 271:296 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 2 6 theme certain 655:661 arg1 strains 667:673 certain LAB strains 655:673 certain LAB strains 655:673 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 11 7 from mixtures 2075:2082 arg1 MoDC 2093:2096 human MoDC 2087:2096 human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) 2087:2158 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 12 8 theme LAB 2188:2190 arg1 combinations 2172:2183 The tested combinations 2161:2183 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS 2161:2206 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS might represent a useful dietary ingredient for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via the induction of Tregs. 26148091 1 9 contain containing 160:169 arg2 oligosaccharides 186:201 non-digestible oligosaccharides 171:201 non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO 171:304 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 1 9 contain containing 160:169 arg2 NDO 204:206 NDO 204:206 NDO 204:206 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 1 9 contain containing 160:169 arg1 formulas 151:158 Infant formulas 144:158 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO 144:304 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 11 10 theme mixtures 2075:2082 arg1 properties 2049:2058 anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties 1977:2058 properties 2049:2058 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 9 11 theme direct 1709:1714 arg1 stimulation 1716:1726 the direct stimulation 1705:1726 the direct stimulation 1705:1726 Blocking toll like receptor (TLR)4 abrogated the increase in IL-10 in both the direct stimulation and the LAB stimulation of MoDC, suggesting that scGOS/lcFOS act via TLR4. 26148091 12 12 theme scGOS/lcFOS 2196:2206 arg1 combinations 2172:2183 The tested combinations 2161:2183 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS 2161:2206 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS might represent a useful dietary ingredient for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via the induction of Tregs. 26148091 6 13 theme Foxp3 1278:1282 arg1 expression 1284:1293 intracellular Foxp3 expression 1264:1293 intracellular Foxp3 expression 1264:1293 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 11 14 theme possible 2111:2118 arg1 induction 2120:2128 a possible induction 2109:2128 a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) 2109:2158 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 1 15 theme similar 209:215 arg1 NDO 204:206 NDO 204:206 NDO 204:206 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 1 15 theme similar 209:215 arg1 oligosaccharides 186:201 non-digestible oligosaccharides 171:201 non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO 171:304 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 11 16 theme regulatory 2133:2142 arg1 Tregs 2153:2157 Tregs 2153:2157 Tregs 2153:2157 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 11 16 theme regulatory 2133:2142 arg1 cells 2146:2150 regulatory T cells 2133:2150 regulatory T cells (Tregs) 2133:2158 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 10 17 theme scGOS/lcFOS-treated 1812:1830 arg1 MoDC 1832:1835 scGOS/lcFOS-treated MoDC 1812:1835 scGOS/lcFOS-treated MoDC 1812:1835 Finally, scGOS/lcFOS-treated MoDC were shown to upregulate the number of functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells following allogeneic stimulation. 26148091 7 18 theme IL-10 1440:1444 arg1 release 1446:1452 IL-10 release 1440:1452 IL-10 release by MoDC 1440:1460 Oligosaccharides did not induce relevant amounts of IL-12p70 production, but did promote IL-10 release by MoDC. 26148091 0 19 theme Dendritic 127:135 arg1 Cells 137:141 Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells 104:141 Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells 104:141 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 4 20 from hours 956:960 arg1 supernatants 975:986 cell-free supernatants 965:986 cell-free supernatants 965:986 IL-10 and IL-12p70 release was analyzed after 24 hours in cell-free supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 26148091 9 21 theme LAB 1736:1738 arg1 stimulation 1740:1750 the LAB stimulation 1732:1750 the LAB stimulation of MoDC 1732:1758 Blocking toll like receptor (TLR)4 abrogated the increase in IL-10 in both the direct stimulation and the LAB stimulation of MoDC, suggesting that scGOS/lcFOS act via TLR4. 26148091 6 22 theme intracellular 1264:1276 arg1 expression 1284:1293 intracellular Foxp3 expression 1264:1293 intracellular Foxp3 expression 1264:1293 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 3 23 theme volunteers 798:807 arg1 blood 770:774 peripheral blood 759:774 peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers 759:807 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 11 24 theme independent 2018:2028 arg1 properties 2049:2058 anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties 1977:2058 properties 2049:2058 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 1 25 from composition 224:234 arg1 milk 246:249 breast milk 239:249 breast milk 239:249 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 1 25 from composition 224:234 arg1 combination 256:266 a combination 254:266 a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 254:296 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 2 26 theme human 611:615 arg1 milk 624:627 human breast milk 611:627 human breast milk 611:627 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 11 27 theme cells 2146:2150 arg1 induction 2120:2128 a possible induction 2109:2128 a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) 2109:2158 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 3 28 theme healthy 779:785 arg1 volunteers 798:807 healthy non-atopic volunteers 779:807 healthy non-atopic volunteers 779:807 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 8 29 theme enhancing 1519:1527 arg1 effect 1529:1534 a significant enhancing effect 1505:1534 a significant enhancing effect on LAB induced IL-10 secretion by MoDC while no increase in IL-12p70 production was observed 1505:1627 Furthermore, scGOS/lcFOS mixtures exerted a significant enhancing effect on LAB induced IL-10 secretion by MoDC while no increase in IL-12p70 production was observed. 26148091 2 30 theme oligosaccharides 591:606 arg1 distribution 575:586 the natural distribution 563:586 the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk 563:627 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 6 31 theme allogeneic 1230:1239 arg1 assays 1253:1258 allogeneic stimulation assays 1230:1258 allogeneic stimulation assays 1230:1258 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 7 32 theme IL-12p70 1403:1410 arg1 production 1412:1421 IL-12p70 production 1403:1421 IL-12p70 production 1403:1421 Oligosaccharides did not induce relevant amounts of IL-12p70 production, but did promote IL-10 release by MoDC. 26148091 1 33 theme Infant 144:149 arg1 formulas 151:158 Infant formulas 144:158 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO 144:304 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 4 34 theme immunosorbent 1005:1017 arg1 ELISA 1026:1030 ELISA 1026:1030 ELISA 1026:1030 IL-10 and IL-12p70 release was analyzed after 24 hours in cell-free supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 26148091 4 34 theme immunosorbent 1005:1017 arg1 assay 1019:1023 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 991:1023 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 991:1031 IL-10 and IL-12p70 release was analyzed after 24 hours in cell-free supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 26148091 0 35 theme Oligosaccharides 69:84 arg1 Properties 40:49 Immune-Modulatory Properties 22:49 Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides 22:84 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 11 36 theme immune-modulatory 2031:2047 arg1 properties 2049:2058 anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties 1977:2058 properties 2049:2058 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 3 37 theme specific 855:862 arg1 scGOS/lcFOS 864:874 specific scGOS/lcFOS 855:874 specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB 855:904 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 0 38 theme Direct 87:92 arg1 Effect 94:99 Direct Effect 87:99 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 0:142 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 4 39 theme cell-free 965:973 arg1 supernatants 975:986 cell-free supernatants 965:986 cell-free supernatants 965:986 IL-10 and IL-12p70 release was analyzed after 24 hours in cell-free supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 26148091 12 40 theme Tregs 2319:2323 arg1 induction 2306:2314 the induction 2302:2314 the induction of Tregs 2302:2323 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS might represent a useful dietary ingredient for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via the induction of Tregs. 26148091 2 41 theme LAB 663:665 arg1 strains 667:673 certain LAB strains 655:673 certain LAB strains 655:673 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 0 42 theme Monocyte 110:117 arg1 Cells 137:141 Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells 104:141 Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells 104:141 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 1 43 theme immune-regulatory 359:375 arg1 disorders 377:385 immune-regulatory disorders 359:385 immune-regulatory disorders 359:385 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 2 44 link derived 693:699 arg1 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 44 link derived 693:699 arg1 cells 711:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells 678:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) 678:722 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 7 45 theme relevant 1383:1390 arg1 amounts 1392:1398 relevant amounts 1383:1398 relevant amounts of IL-12p70 production 1383:1421 Oligosaccharides did not induce relevant amounts of IL-12p70 production, but did promote IL-10 release by MoDC. 26148091 7 45 theme relevant 1383:1390 arg1 production 1412:1421 IL-12p70 production 1403:1421 IL-12p70 production 1403:1421 Oligosaccharides did not induce relevant amounts of IL-12p70 production, but did promote IL-10 release by MoDC. 26148091 2 46 theme dendritic 701:709 arg1 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 46 theme dendritic 701:709 arg1 cells 711:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells 678:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) 678:722 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 0 47 theme In 0:1 arg1 Evidence 9:16 In Vitro Evidence 0:16 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 0:142 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 1 48 theme bacteria 283:290 arg1 NDO 302:304 NDO 302:304 NDO 302:304 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 1 48 theme bacteria 283:290 arg1 milk 246:249 breast milk 239:249 breast milk 239:249 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 1 48 theme bacteria 283:290 arg1 combination 256:266 a combination 254:266 a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 254:296 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 2 49 theme monocyte 684:691 arg1 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 49 theme monocyte 684:691 arg1 cells 711:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells 678:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) 678:722 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 12 50 theme homeostasis 2286:2296 arg1 maintenance 2260:2270 the maintenance 2256:2270 the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis 2256:2296 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS might represent a useful dietary ingredient for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via the induction of Tregs. 26148091 11 51 theme anti-inflammatory 1977:1993 arg1 properties 2049:2058 anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties 1977:2058 properties 2049:2058 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 2 52 theme chain 485:489 arg1 galacto- 491:498 non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides 464:537 galacto- 491:498 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 52 theme chain 485:489 arg1 scGOS/lcFOS 540:550 scGOS/lcFOS 540:550 scGOS/lcFOS 540:550 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 10 53 theme suppressive 1887:1897 arg1 cells 1916:1920 functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1876:1920 functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1876:1920 Finally, scGOS/lcFOS-treated MoDC were shown to upregulate the number of functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells following allogeneic stimulation. 26148091 2 54 theme study 404:408 arg1 aim 392:394 The aim 388:394 The aim of this study 388:408 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 0 55 theme Immune-Modulatory 22:38 arg1 Properties 40:49 Immune-Modulatory Properties 22:49 Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides 22:84 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 9 56 theme receptor 1649:1656 arg1 TLR 1659:1661 receptor (TLR)4 1649:1663 receptor (TLR)4 1649:1663 Blocking toll like receptor (TLR)4 abrogated the increase in IL-10 in both the direct stimulation and the LAB stimulation of MoDC, suggesting that scGOS/lcFOS act via TLR4. 26148091 2 57 theme non-digestible 464:477 arg1 galacto- 491:498 non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides 464:537 galacto- 491:498 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 57 theme non-digestible 464:477 arg1 scGOS/lcFOS 540:550 scGOS/lcFOS 540:550 scGOS/lcFOS 540:550 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 4 58 theme enzyme-linked 991:1003 arg1 ELISA 1026:1030 ELISA 1026:1030 ELISA 1026:1030 IL-10 and IL-12p70 release was analyzed after 24 hours in cell-free supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 26148091 4 58 theme enzyme-linked 991:1003 arg1 assay 1019:1023 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 991:1023 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 991:1031 IL-10 and IL-12p70 release was analyzed after 24 hours in cell-free supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 26148091 3 59 theme Immature 725:732 arg1 MoDC 740:743 Immature human MoDC 725:743 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers 725:807 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 3 60 from scGOS/lcFOS 864:874 arg1 absence 891:897 absence 891:897 absence 891:897 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 3 60 from scGOS/lcFOS 864:874 arg1 presence 879:886 presence 879:886 presence 879:886 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 6 61 theme T 1157:1157 arg1 response 1164:1171 the resulting T cell response 1143:1171 the resulting T cell response 1143:1171 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 11 62 from MoDC 2093:2096 arg1 properties 2049:2058 anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties 1977:2058 properties 2049:2058 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 10 63 theme cells 1916:1920 arg1 number 1866:1871 the number 1862:1871 the number of functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1862:1920 Finally, scGOS/lcFOS-treated MoDC were shown to upregulate the number of functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells following allogeneic stimulation. 26148091 1 64 theme breast 239:244 arg1 milk 246:249 breast milk 239:249 breast milk 239:249 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 0 65 dep Evidence 9:16 arg1 Effect 94:99 Direct Effect 87:99 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 0:142 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 10 66 theme positive 1905:1912 arg1 cells 1916:1920 functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1876:1920 functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1876:1920 Finally, scGOS/lcFOS-treated MoDC were shown to upregulate the number of functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells following allogeneic stimulation. 26148091 8 67 theme scGOS/lcFOS 1476:1486 arg1 mixtures 1488:1495 scGOS/lcFOS mixtures 1476:1495 scGOS/lcFOS mixtures 1476:1495 Furthermore, scGOS/lcFOS mixtures exerted a significant enhancing effect on LAB induced IL-10 secretion by MoDC while no increase in IL-12p70 production was observed. 26148091 0 68 dep In 0:1 arg1 Vitro 3:7 Vitro 3:7 Vitro 3:7 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 2 69 attach presence 632:639 arg1 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 69 attach presence 632:639 arg2 strains 667:673 certain LAB strains 655:673 certain LAB strains 655:673 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 69 attach presence 632:639 arg1 cells 711:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells 678:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) 678:722 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 10 70 theme allogeneic 1932:1941 arg1 stimulation 1943:1953 allogeneic stimulation 1932:1953 allogeneic stimulation 1932:1953 Finally, scGOS/lcFOS-treated MoDC were shown to upregulate the number of functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells following allogeneic stimulation. 26148091 1 71 theme lactic 271:276 arg1 LAB 293:295 LAB 293:295 LAB 293:295 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 1 71 theme lactic 271:276 arg1 bacteria 283:290 lactic acid bacteria 271:290 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 271:296 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 2 72 theme breast 617:622 arg1 milk 624:627 human breast milk 611:627 human breast milk 611:627 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 11 73 theme scGOS/lcFOS 2063:2073 arg1 mixtures 2075:2082 scGOS/lcFOS mixtures 2063:2082 scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) 2063:2158 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 11 74 from properties 2049:2058 arg1 MoDC 2093:2096 human MoDC 2087:2096 human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) 2087:2158 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 3 75 theme human 734:738 arg1 MoDC 740:743 Immature human MoDC 725:743 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers 725:807 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 6 76 theme stimulated 1174:1183 arg1 MoDC 1185:1188 stimulated MoDC 1174:1188 stimulated MoDC 1174:1188 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 2 77 theme natural 567:573 arg1 distribution 575:586 the natural distribution 563:586 the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk 563:627 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 0 78 from Effect 94:99 arg1 Cells 137:141 Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells 104:141 Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells 104:141 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 3 79 theme peripheral 759:768 arg1 blood 770:774 peripheral blood 759:774 peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers 759:807 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 5 80 theme chemokine 1101:1109 arg1 release 1111:1117 cytokine and chemokine release 1088:1117 cytokine and chemokine release by MoDC 1088:1125 A luminex-based assay was conducted to assess further cytokine and chemokine release by MoDC. 26148091 11 81 theme microbiota 2007:2016 arg1 properties 2049:2058 anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties 1977:2058 properties 2049:2058 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 8 82 theme significant 1507:1517 arg1 effect 1529:1534 a significant enhancing effect 1505:1534 a significant enhancing effect on LAB induced IL-10 secretion by MoDC while no increase in IL-12p70 production was observed 1505:1627 Furthermore, scGOS/lcFOS mixtures exerted a significant enhancing effect on LAB induced IL-10 secretion by MoDC while no increase in IL-12p70 production was observed. 26148091 12 83 theme tested 2165:2170 arg1 combinations 2172:2183 The tested combinations 2161:2183 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS 2161:2206 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS might represent a useful dietary ingredient for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via the induction of Tregs. 26148091 11 84 theme direct 1999:2004 arg1 properties 2049:2058 anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties 1977:2058 properties 2049:2058 Our results indicate anti-inflammatory and direct, microbiota independent, immune-modulatory properties of scGOS/lcFOS mixtures on human MoDC suggesting a possible induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). 26148091 9 85 from increase 1679:1686 arg1 IL-10 1691:1695 IL-10 1691:1695 IL-10 1691:1695 Blocking toll like receptor (TLR)4 abrogated the increase in IL-10 in both the direct stimulation and the LAB stimulation of MoDC, suggesting that scGOS/lcFOS act via TLR4. 26148091 9 85 from increase 1679:1686 arg1 stimulation 1740:1750 the LAB stimulation 1732:1750 the LAB stimulation of MoDC 1732:1758 Blocking toll like receptor (TLR)4 abrogated the increase in IL-10 in both the direct stimulation and the LAB stimulation of MoDC, suggesting that scGOS/lcFOS act via TLR4. 26148091 9 85 from increase 1679:1686 arg1 stimulation 1716:1726 the direct stimulation 1705:1726 the direct stimulation 1705:1726 Blocking toll like receptor (TLR)4 abrogated the increase in IL-10 in both the direct stimulation and the LAB stimulation of MoDC, suggesting that scGOS/lcFOS act via TLR4. 26148091 9 86 theme MoDC 1755:1758 arg1 stimulation 1740:1750 the LAB stimulation 1732:1750 the LAB stimulation of MoDC 1732:1758 Blocking toll like receptor (TLR)4 abrogated the increase in IL-10 in both the direct stimulation and the LAB stimulation of MoDC, suggesting that scGOS/lcFOS act via TLR4. 26148091 9 86 theme MoDC 1755:1758 arg1 stimulation 1716:1726 the direct stimulation 1705:1726 the direct stimulation 1705:1726 Blocking toll like receptor (TLR)4 abrogated the increase in IL-10 in both the direct stimulation and the LAB stimulation of MoDC, suggesting that scGOS/lcFOS act via TLR4. 26148091 6 87 theme stimulation 1241:1251 arg1 assays 1253:1258 allogeneic stimulation assays 1230:1258 allogeneic stimulation assays 1230:1258 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 3 88 theme non-atopic 787:796 arg1 volunteers 798:807 healthy non-atopic volunteers 779:807 healthy non-atopic volunteers 779:807 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 7 89 theme production 1412:1421 arg1 amounts 1392:1398 relevant amounts 1383:1398 relevant amounts of IL-12p70 production 1383:1421 Oligosaccharides did not induce relevant amounts of IL-12p70 production, but did promote IL-10 release by MoDC. 26148091 7 89 theme production 1412:1421 arg1 production 1412:1421 IL-12p70 production 1403:1421 IL-12p70 production 1403:1421 Oligosaccharides did not induce relevant amounts of IL-12p70 production, but did promote IL-10 release by MoDC. 26148091 5 90 theme cytokine 1088:1095 arg1 release 1111:1117 cytokine and chemokine release 1088:1117 cytokine and chemokine release by MoDC 1088:1125 A luminex-based assay was conducted to assess further cytokine and chemokine release by MoDC. 26148091 2 91 theme long 504:507 arg1 fructo-oligosaccharides 515:537 non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides 464:537 fructo-oligosaccharides 515:537 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 8 92 theme IL-10 1551:1555 arg1 secretion 1557:1565 IL-10 secretion 1551:1565 IL-10 secretion 1551:1565 Furthermore, scGOS/lcFOS mixtures exerted a significant enhancing effect on LAB induced IL-10 secretion by MoDC while no increase in IL-12p70 production was observed. 26148091 6 93 theme T 1219:1219 arg1 cells 1221:1225 naïve T cells 1213:1225 naïve T cells 1213:1225 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 1 94 theme non-digestible 171:184 arg1 NDO 204:206 NDO 204:206 NDO 204:206 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 1 94 theme non-digestible 171:184 arg1 oligosaccharides 186:201 non-digestible oligosaccharides 171:201 non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO 171:304 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 2 95 theme galacto- 491:498 arg1 potential 451:459 the immune-modulatory potential 429:459 the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) 429:551 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 96 theme human 678:682 arg1 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 96 theme human 678:682 arg1 cells 711:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells 678:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) 678:722 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 0 97 theme Human 104:108 arg1 Cells 137:141 Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells 104:141 Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells 104:141 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 1 98 theme preventive 332:341 arg1 effects 343:349 preventive effects 332:349 preventive effects 332:349 Infant formulas containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) similar to the composition in breast milk or a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and NDO have been shown to harbor preventive effects towards immune-regulatory disorders. 26148091 3 99 theme LAB 902:904 arg1 absence 891:897 absence 891:897 absence 891:897 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 3 99 theme LAB 902:904 arg1 presence 879:886 presence 879:886 presence 879:886 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 2 100 theme strains 667:673 arg1 absence 644:650 absence 644:650 absence 644:650 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 100 theme strains 667:673 arg1 presence 632:639 presence 632:639 presence 632:639 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 0 101 theme Derived 119:125 arg1 Cells 137:141 Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells 104:141 Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells 104:141 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 2 102 theme fructo-oligosaccharides 515:537 arg1 potential 451:459 the immune-modulatory potential 429:459 the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) 429:551 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 8 103 from effect 1529:1534 arg1 LAB 1539:1541 LAB 1539:1541 LAB induced IL-10 secretion by MoDC while no increase in IL-12p70 production was observed 1539:1627 Furthermore, scGOS/lcFOS mixtures exerted a significant enhancing effect on LAB induced IL-10 secretion by MoDC while no increase in IL-12p70 production was observed. 26148091 2 104 theme immune-modulatory 433:449 arg1 potential 451:459 the immune-modulatory potential 429:459 the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) 429:551 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 8 105 theme IL-12p70 1596:1603 arg1 production 1605:1614 IL-12p70 production 1596:1614 IL-12p70 production 1596:1614 Furthermore, scGOS/lcFOS mixtures exerted a significant enhancing effect on LAB induced IL-10 secretion by MoDC while no increase in IL-12p70 production was observed. 26148091 2 106 theme derived 693:699 arg1 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 106 theme derived 693:699 arg1 cells 711:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells 678:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) 678:722 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 12 107 theme useful 2226:2231 arg1 ingredient 2241:2250 a useful dietary ingredient 2224:2250 a useful dietary ingredient for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis 2224:2296 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS might represent a useful dietary ingredient for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via the induction of Tregs. 26148091 2 108 from presence 632:639 arg1 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 108 from presence 632:639 arg1 cells 711:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells 678:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) 678:722 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 10 109 theme Foxp3 1899:1903 arg1 cells 1916:1920 functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1876:1920 functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1876:1920 Finally, scGOS/lcFOS-treated MoDC were shown to upregulate the number of functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells following allogeneic stimulation. 26148091 12 110 theme intestinal 2275:2284 arg1 homeostasis 2286:2296 intestinal homeostasis 2275:2296 intestinal homeostasis 2275:2296 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS might represent a useful dietary ingredient for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via the induction of Tregs. 26148091 8 111 from increase 1584:1591 arg1 production 1605:1614 IL-12p70 production 1596:1614 IL-12p70 production 1596:1614 Furthermore, scGOS/lcFOS mixtures exerted a significant enhancing effect on LAB induced IL-10 secretion by MoDC while no increase in IL-12p70 production was observed. 26148091 5 112 theme luminex-based 1036:1048 arg1 assay 1050:1054 A luminex-based assay 1034:1054 A luminex-based assay 1034:1054 A luminex-based assay was conducted to assess further cytokine and chemokine release by MoDC. 26148091 2 113 theme short 479:483 arg1 galacto- 491:498 non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides 464:537 galacto- 491:498 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 113 theme short 479:483 arg1 scGOS/lcFOS 540:550 scGOS/lcFOS 540:550 scGOS/lcFOS 540:550 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 114 from absence 644:650 arg1 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 MoDC 718:721 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 2 114 from absence 644:650 arg1 cells 711:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells 678:715 human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) 678:722 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 4 115 link enzyme-linked 991:1003 arg1 ELISA 1026:1030 ELISA 1026:1030 ELISA 1026:1030 IL-10 and IL-12p70 release was analyzed after 24 hours in cell-free supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 26148091 4 115 link enzyme-linked 991:1003 arg1 assay 1019:1023 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 991:1023 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 991:1031 IL-10 and IL-12p70 release was analyzed after 24 hours in cell-free supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 26148091 10 116 theme functional 1876:1885 arg1 cells 1916:1920 functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1876:1920 functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1876:1920 Finally, scGOS/lcFOS-treated MoDC were shown to upregulate the number of functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells following allogeneic stimulation. 26148091 12 117 theme dietary 2233:2239 arg1 ingredient 2241:2250 a useful dietary ingredient 2224:2250 a useful dietary ingredient for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis 2224:2296 The tested combinations of LAB and scGOS/lcFOS might represent a useful dietary ingredient for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via the induction of Tregs. 26148091 0 118 theme Non-Digestible 54:67 arg1 Oligosaccharides 69:84 Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides 54:84 Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides 54:84 In Vitro Evidence for Immune-Modulatory Properties of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: Direct Effect on Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. 26148091 2 119 theme chain 509:513 arg1 fructo-oligosaccharides 515:537 non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides 464:537 fructo-oligosaccharides 515:537 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26148091 6 120 theme cell 1159:1162 arg1 response 1164:1171 the resulting T cell response 1143:1171 the resulting T cell response 1143:1171 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 6 121 theme resulting 1147:1155 arg1 response 1164:1171 the resulting T cell response 1143:1171 the resulting T cell response 1143:1171 To investigate the resulting T cell response, stimulated MoDC were co-incubated with naïve T cells in allogeneic stimulation assays and intracellular Foxp3 expression, as well as immune-suppressive capacity was determined. 26148091 10 122 theme T 1914:1914 arg1 cells 1916:1920 functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1876:1920 functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells 1876:1920 Finally, scGOS/lcFOS-treated MoDC were shown to upregulate the number of functional suppressive Foxp3 positive T cells following allogeneic stimulation. 26148091 3 123 with stimulation 838:848 arg1 scGOS/lcFOS 864:874 specific scGOS/lcFOS 855:874 specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB 855:904 Immature human MoDC prepared from peripheral blood of healthy non-atopic volunteers were screened in vitro after stimulation with specific scGOS/lcFOS in presence or absence of LAB. 26148091 2 124 from distribution 575:586 arg1 milk 624:627 human breast milk 611:627 human breast milk 611:627 The aim of this study was to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of non-digestible short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) mimicking the natural distribution of oligosaccharides in human breast milk in presence or absence of certain LAB strains in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC). 26689946 4 0 theme community 839:847 arg1 composition 814:824 the composition 810:824 the composition of microbial community 810:847 To improve our understanding of devils and facilitate management and conservation of the species, we characterised the microbiome of wild devils and investigated differences in the composition of microbial community between captive and wild individuals. 26689946 6 1 theme common 1204:1209 arg1 ratio 1175:1179 a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio 1140:1179 a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio 1140:1179 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 6 1 theme common 1204:1209 arg1 feature 1211:1217 a common feature 1202:1217 a common feature of many carnivorous mammals 1202:1245 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 1 2 theme fatal 222:226 arg1 disease 204:210 devil facial tumour disease 184:210 devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) 184:217 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 2 theme fatal 222:226 arg1 cancer 239:244 a fatal contagious cancer 220:244 a fatal contagious cancer 220:244 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 4 3 theme captive 857:863 arg1 individuals 874:884 captive and wild individuals 857:884 captive and wild individuals 857:884 To improve our understanding of devils and facilitate management and conservation of the species, we characterised the microbiome of wild devils and investigated differences in the composition of microbial community between captive and wild individuals. 26689946 10 4 from populations 1824:1834 arg1 devils 1795:1800 devils 1795:1800 devils from captive and wild populations 1795:1834 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences were observed in all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations. 26689946 7 5 theme metabolic 1383:1391 arg1 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids 1248:1344 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 7 5 theme metabolic 1383:1391 arg1 pathways 1393:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 7 6 theme lipids 1339:1344 arg1 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids 1248:1344 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 7 6 theme lipids 1339:1344 arg1 pathways 1393:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 3 7 theme other 488:492 arg1 animals 494:500 other animals 488:500 other animals 488:500 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 1 8 theme extinction 166:175 arg1 risk 158:161 risk 158:161 risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer 158:244 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 7 9 theme nucleotides 1323:1333 arg1 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids 1248:1344 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 7 9 theme nucleotides 1323:1333 arg1 pathways 1393:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 9 10 theme oral 1600:1603 arg1 microbiome 1605:1614 The oral microbiome 1596:1614 The oral microbiome 1596:1614 The oral microbiome had similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. 26689946 2 11 theme Tasmanian 260:268 arg1 Program 276:282 the Tasmanian Devil Program 256:282 The Save the Tasmanian Devil Program 247:282 The Save the Tasmanian Devil Program has established an insurance population, which currently holds over 600 devils in captive facilities across Australia. 26689946 1 12 theme facial 190:195 arg1 cancer 239:244 a fatal contagious cancer 220:244 a fatal contagious cancer 220:244 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 12 theme facial 190:195 arg1 DFTD 213:216 DFTD 213:216 DFTD 213:216 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 12 theme facial 190:195 arg1 disease 204:210 devil facial tumour disease 184:210 devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) 184:217 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 13 theme largest 121:127 arg1 world 113:117 the world's largest 109:127 the world's largest carnivorous marsupial 109:149 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 11 14 theme diversity 1908:1916 arg1 levels 1884:1889 significantly lower levels 1864:1889 significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity 1864:1916 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 4 15 from differences 795:805 arg1 composition 814:824 the composition 810:824 the composition of microbial community 810:847 To improve our understanding of devils and facilitate management and conservation of the species, we characterised the microbiome of wild devils and investigated differences in the composition of microbial community between captive and wild individuals. 26689946 4 16 theme wild 869:872 arg1 individuals 874:884 captive and wild individuals 857:884 captive and wild individuals 857:884 To improve our understanding of devils and facilitate management and conservation of the species, we characterised the microbiome of wild devils and investigated differences in the composition of microbial community between captive and wild individuals. 26689946 6 17 theme high 1142:1145 arg1 feature 1211:1217 a common feature 1202:1217 a common feature of many carnivorous mammals 1202:1245 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 6 17 theme high 1142:1145 arg1 ratio 1175:1179 a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio 1140:1179 a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio 1140:1179 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 6 18 theme carnivorous 1227:1237 arg1 mammals 1239:1245 many carnivorous mammals 1222:1245 many carnivorous mammals 1222:1245 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 11 19 theme gut 1894:1896 arg1 diversity 1908:1916 gut bacterial diversity 1894:1916 gut bacterial diversity 1894:1916 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 11 20 theme glycan 2036:2041 arg1 metabolism 2022:2031 the metabolism 2018:2031 the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins 2018:2081 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 9 21 theme Proteobacteria 1643:1656 arg1 proportions 1628:1638 similar proportions 1620:1638 similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria 1620:1700 The oral microbiome had similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. 26689946 7 22 theme acids 1284:1288 arg1 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids 1248:1344 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 7 22 theme acids 1284:1288 arg1 pathways 1393:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 3 23 theme various 581:587 arg1 aspects 589:595 various aspects 581:595 various aspects of host physiology and development 581:630 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 9 24 theme Bacteroidetes 1659:1671 arg1 proportions 1628:1638 similar proportions 1620:1638 similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria 1620:1700 The oral microbiome had similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. 26689946 11 25 theme wild 1923:1926 arg1 individuals 1928:1938 wild individuals 1923:1938 wild individuals 1923:1938 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 9 26 theme Firmicutes 1674:1683 arg1 proportions 1628:1638 similar proportions 1620:1638 similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria 1620:1700 The oral microbiome had similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. 26689946 8 27 dep both 1544:1547 arg1 co-dominated 1549:1560 co-dominated 1549:1560 co-dominated 1549:1560 The microbiota inside the female's pouch outside lactation was highly similar to that of the skin, both co-dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 26689946 5 28 theme oral 1060:1063 arg1 samples 1065:1071 6 oral samples 1058:1071 6 oral samples 1058:1071 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 11 29 contain had 1860:1862 arg2 levels 1884:1889 significantly lower levels 1864:1889 significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity 1864:1916 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 11 29 contain had 1860:1862 arg1 devils 1853:1858 Certain captive devils 1837:1858 Certain captive devils 1837:1858 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 9 30 theme Fusobacteria 1689:1700 arg1 proportions 1628:1638 similar proportions 1620:1638 similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria 1620:1700 The oral microbiome had similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. 26689946 12 31 theme captive 2169:2175 arg1 devils 2177:2182 captive devils 2169:2182 captive devils 2169:2182 Further studies are underway to investigate whether alterations in the microbiome of captive devils can have impacts on their ability to adapt and survive following re-introduction to the wild. 26689946 5 32 theme ribosomal 930:938 arg1 rRNA 945:948 rRNA 945:948 rRNA 945:948 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 5 32 theme ribosomal 930:938 arg1 RNA 940:942 16S ribosomal RNA 926:942 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences 906:959 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 10 33 dep CONCLUSIONS 1703:1713 arg1 observed 1746:1753 observed 1746:1753 were observed in all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations 1741:1834 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences were observed in all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations. 26689946 5 34 dep RESULTS 887:893 arg1 total 897:901 A total 895:901 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences 887:959 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 11 35 theme amino 2044:2048 arg1 glycan 2036:2041 glycan 2036:2041 glycan 2036:2041 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 11 35 theme amino 2044:2048 arg1 acids 2050:2054 amino acids 2044:2054 amino acids 2044:2054 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 1 36 dep BACKGROUND 77:86 arg1 risk 158:161 risk 158:161 risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer 158:244 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 37 theme Tasmanian 92:100 arg1 marsupial 141:149 the world's largest carnivorous marsupial 109:149 the world's largest carnivorous marsupial 109:149 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 37 theme Tasmanian 92:100 arg1 devil 102:106 The Tasmanian devil 88:106 The Tasmanian devil 88:106 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 7 38 theme carbohydrates 1263:1275 arg1 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids 1248:1344 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 7 38 theme carbohydrates 1263:1275 arg1 pathways 1393:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 5 39 theme bacterial 916:924 arg1 sequences 951:959 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences 906:959 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences 906:959 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 3 40 from changes 541:547 arg1 microbiota 556:565 the microbiota 552:565 the microbiota 552:565 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 11 41 theme lower 1878:1882 arg1 levels 1884:1889 significantly lower levels 1864:1889 significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity 1864:1916 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 1 42 theme world 113:117 arg1 marsupial 141:149 the world's largest carnivorous marsupial 109:149 the world's largest carnivorous marsupial 109:149 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 42 theme world 113:117 arg1 devil 102:106 The Tasmanian devil 88:106 The Tasmanian devil 88:106 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 3 43 theme physiology 605:614 arg1 aspects 589:595 various aspects 581:595 various aspects of host physiology and development 581:630 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 5 44 theme 454 986:988 arg1 sequencing 990:999 Roche 454 sequencing 980:999 Roche 454 sequencing 980:999 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 10 45 theme microbiota 1776:1785 arg1 types 1767:1771 all four types 1758:1771 all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations 1758:1834 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences were observed in all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations. 26689946 10 46 theme wild 1819:1822 arg1 populations 1824:1834 captive and wild populations 1807:1834 captive and wild populations 1807:1834 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences were observed in all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations. 26689946 12 47 theme Further 2084:2090 arg1 studies 2092:2098 Further studies 2084:2098 Further studies 2084:2098 Further studies are underway to investigate whether alterations in the microbiome of captive devils can have impacts on their ability to adapt and survive following re-introduction to the wild. 26689946 10 48 theme captive 1807:1813 arg1 populations 1824:1834 captive and wild populations 1807:1834 captive and wild populations 1807:1834 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences were observed in all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations. 26689946 4 49 theme wild 766:769 arg1 devils 771:776 wild devils 766:776 wild devils 766:776 To improve our understanding of devils and facilitate management and conservation of the species, we characterised the microbiome of wild devils and investigated differences in the composition of microbial community between captive and wild individuals. 26689946 4 50 theme microbial 829:837 arg1 community 839:847 microbial community 829:847 microbial community 829:847 To improve our understanding of devils and facilitate management and conservation of the species, we characterised the microbiome of wild devils and investigated differences in the composition of microbial community between captive and wild individuals. 26689946 3 51 theme animals 494:500 arg1 well-being 463:472 well-being 463:472 well-being 463:472 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 3 51 theme animals 494:500 arg1 health 452:457 health 452:457 health 452:457 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 1 52 theme contagious 228:237 arg1 disease 204:210 devil facial tumour disease 184:210 devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) 184:217 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 52 theme contagious 228:237 arg1 cancer 239:244 a fatal contagious cancer 220:244 a fatal contagious cancer 220:244 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 7 53 theme prominent 1373:1381 arg1 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms 1248:1258 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids 1248:1344 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 7 53 theme prominent 1373:1381 arg1 pathways 1393:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 the most prominent metabolic pathways 1364:1400 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 6 54 theme gut 1086:1088 arg1 microbiome 1090:1099 The devil's gut microbiome 1074:1099 The devil's gut microbiome 1074:1099 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 12 55 contain have 2188:2191 arg1 alterations 2136:2146 alterations 2136:2146 alterations in the microbiome of captive devils 2136:2182 Further studies are underway to investigate whether alterations in the microbiome of captive devils can have impacts on their ability to adapt and survive following re-introduction to the wild. 26689946 12 55 contain have 2188:2191 arg2 impacts 2193:2199 impacts 2193:2199 impacts 2193:2199 Further studies are underway to investigate whether alterations in the microbiome of captive devils can have impacts on their ability to adapt and survive following re-introduction to the wild. 26689946 10 56 theme Compositional 1715:1727 arg1 differences 1729:1739 Compositional differences 1715:1739 Compositional differences 1715:1739 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences were observed in all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations. 26689946 2 57 theme Devil 270:274 arg1 Program 276:282 the Tasmanian Devil Program 256:282 The Save the Tasmanian Devil Program 247:282 The Save the Tasmanian Devil Program has established an insurance population, which currently holds over 600 devils in captive facilities across Australia. 26689946 1 58 theme devil 184:188 arg1 cancer 239:244 a fatal contagious cancer 220:244 a fatal contagious cancer 220:244 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 58 theme devil 184:188 arg1 DFTD 213:216 DFTD 213:216 DFTD 213:216 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 58 theme devil 184:188 arg1 disease 204:210 devil facial tumour disease 184:210 devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) 184:217 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 2 59 theme insurance 303:311 arg1 population 313:322 an insurance population 300:322 an insurance population 300:322 The Save the Tasmanian Devil Program has established an insurance population, which currently holds over 600 devils in captive facilities across Australia. 26689946 11 60 theme bacterial 1898:1906 arg1 diversity 1908:1916 gut bacterial diversity 1894:1916 gut bacterial diversity 1894:1916 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 12 61 from alterations 2136:2146 arg1 microbiome 2155:2164 the microbiome 2151:2164 the microbiome of captive devils 2151:2182 Further studies are underway to investigate whether alterations in the microbiome of captive devils can have impacts on their ability to adapt and survive following re-introduction to the wild. 26689946 1 62 theme tumour 197:202 arg1 cancer 239:244 a fatal contagious cancer 220:244 a fatal contagious cancer 220:244 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 62 theme tumour 197:202 arg1 DFTD 213:216 DFTD 213:216 DFTD 213:216 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 62 theme tumour 197:202 arg1 disease 204:210 devil facial tumour disease 184:210 devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) 184:217 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 9 63 theme similar 1620:1626 arg1 proportions 1628:1638 similar proportions 1620:1638 similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria 1620:1700 The oral microbiome had similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. 26689946 6 64 theme Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes 1147:1173 arg1 feature 1211:1217 a common feature 1202:1217 a common feature of many carnivorous mammals 1202:1245 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 6 64 theme Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes 1147:1173 arg1 ratio 1175:1179 a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio 1140:1179 a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio 1140:1179 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 6 65 theme mammals 1239:1245 arg1 ratio 1175:1179 a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio 1140:1179 a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio 1140:1179 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 6 65 theme mammals 1239:1245 arg1 feature 1211:1217 a common feature 1202:1217 a common feature of many carnivorous mammals 1202:1245 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 11 66 theme bacteria 1994:2001 arg1 proportion 1976:1985 the proportion 1972:1985 the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins 1972:2081 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 4 67 theme devils 665:670 arg1 understanding 648:660 our understanding 644:660 our understanding of devils 644:670 To improve our understanding of devils and facilitate management and conservation of the species, we characterised the microbiome of wild devils and investigated differences in the composition of microbial community between captive and wild individuals. 26689946 6 68 theme many 1222:1225 arg1 mammals 1239:1245 many carnivorous mammals 1222:1245 many carnivorous mammals 1222:1245 The devil's gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and showed a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which appears to be a common feature of many carnivorous mammals. 26689946 1 69 theme carnivorous 129:139 arg1 marsupial 141:149 the world's largest carnivorous marsupial 109:149 the world's largest carnivorous marsupial 109:149 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 1 69 theme carnivorous 129:139 arg1 devil 102:106 The Tasmanian devil 88:106 The Tasmanian devil 88:106 BACKGROUND The Tasmanian devil, the world's largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. 26689946 2 70 dep Program 276:282 arg1 Save 251:254 Save 251:254 Save 251:254 The Save the Tasmanian Devil Program has established an insurance population, which currently holds over 600 devils in captive facilities across Australia. 26689946 7 71 theme amino 1278:1282 arg1 acids 1284:1288 amino acids 1278:1288 amino acids 1278:1288 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 8 72 dep skin 1538:1541 arg1 Proteobacteria 1580:1593 Proteobacteria 1580:1593 Proteobacteria 1580:1593 The microbiota inside the female's pouch outside lactation was highly similar to that of the skin, both co-dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 26689946 8 72 dep skin 1538:1541 arg1 both 1544:1547 both 1544:1547 both 1544:1547 The microbiota inside the female's pouch outside lactation was highly similar to that of the skin, both co-dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 26689946 5 73 theme RNA 940:942 arg1 sequences 951:959 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences 906:959 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences 906:959 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 3 74 theme increasing 507:516 arg1 evidence 518:525 increasing evidence 507:525 increasing evidence 507:525 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 4 75 theme species 722:728 arg1 conservation 702:713 conservation 702:713 conservation 702:713 To improve our understanding of devils and facilitate management and conservation of the species, we characterised the microbiome of wild devils and investigated differences in the composition of microbial community between captive and wild individuals. 26689946 4 75 theme species 722:728 arg1 management 687:696 management 687:696 management 687:696 To improve our understanding of devils and facilitate management and conservation of the species, we characterised the microbiome of wild devils and investigated differences in the composition of microbial community between captive and wild individuals. 26689946 12 76 theme devils 2177:2182 arg1 microbiome 2155:2164 the microbiome 2151:2164 the microbiome of captive devils 2151:2182 Further studies are underway to investigate whether alterations in the microbiome of captive devils can have impacts on their ability to adapt and survive following re-introduction to the wild. 26689946 0 77 theme Tasmanian 4:12 arg1 devil 14:18 The Tasmanian devil 0:18 The Tasmanian devil 0:18 The Tasmanian devil microbiome-implications for conservation and management. 26689946 3 78 theme development 620:630 arg1 aspects 589:595 various aspects 581:595 various aspects of host physiology and development 581:630 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 11 79 theme Certain 1837:1843 arg1 devils 1853:1858 Certain captive devils 1837:1858 Certain captive devils 1837:1858 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 5 80 theme 16S 926:928 arg1 rRNA 945:948 rRNA 945:948 rRNA 945:948 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 5 80 theme 16S 926:928 arg1 RNA 940:942 16S ribosomal RNA 926:942 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences 906:959 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 3 81 theme host 600:603 arg1 physiology 605:614 host physiology 600:614 host physiology 600:614 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 3 82 theme crucial 432:438 arg1 role 440:443 a crucial role 430:443 a crucial role 430:443 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 10 83 located observed 1746:1753 arg2 differences 1729:1739 Compositional differences 1715:1739 Compositional differences 1715:1739 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences were observed in all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations. 26689946 10 83 located observed 1746:1753 arg1 types 1767:1771 all four types 1758:1771 all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations 1758:1834 CONCLUSIONS Compositional differences were observed in all four types of microbiota between devils from captive and wild populations. 26689946 5 84 theme Roche 980:984 arg1 sequencing 990:999 Roche 454 sequencing 980:999 Roche 454 sequencing 980:999 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 11 85 theme captive 1845:1851 arg1 devils 1853:1858 Certain captive devils 1837:1858 Certain captive devils 1837:1858 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 4 86 theme devils 771:776 arg1 microbiome 752:761 the microbiome 748:761 the microbiome of wild devils 748:776 To improve our understanding of devils and facilitate management and conservation of the species, we characterised the microbiome of wild devils and investigated differences in the composition of microbial community between captive and wild individuals. 26689946 2 87 theme captive 366:372 arg1 facilities 374:383 captive facilities 366:383 captive facilities 366:383 The Save the Tasmanian Devil Program has established an insurance population, which currently holds over 600 devils in captive facilities across Australia. 26689946 11 88 theme gut 1990:1992 arg1 bacteria 1994:2001 gut bacteria 1990:2001 gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins 1990:2081 Certain captive devils had significantly lower levels of gut bacterial diversity than wild individuals, and the two groups differed in the proportion of gut bacteria accounting for the metabolism of glycan, amino acids and cofactors and vitamins. 26689946 9 89 contain had 1616:1618 arg1 microbiome 1605:1614 The oral microbiome 1596:1614 The oral microbiome 1596:1614 The oral microbiome had similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. 26689946 9 89 contain had 1616:1618 arg2 proportions 1628:1638 similar proportions 1620:1638 similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria 1620:1700 The oral microbiome had similar proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. 26689946 5 90 theme sequences 951:959 arg1 total 897:901 A total 895:901 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences 887:959 RESULTS A total of 1,223,550 bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were generated via Roche 454 sequencing from 56 samples, including 17 gut, 15 skin, 18 pouch and 6 oral samples. 26689946 2 91 from devils 356:361 arg1 facilities 374:383 captive facilities 366:383 captive facilities 366:383 The Save the Tasmanian Devil Program has established an insurance population, which currently holds over 600 devils in captive facilities across Australia. 26689946 3 92 dep health 452:457 arg1 the 448:450 the 448:450 the 448:450 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 7 93 theme gut 1419:1421 arg1 flora 1423:1427 the devil's gut flora 1407:1427 the devil's gut flora 1407:1427 Metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides and lipids were predicted as the most prominent metabolic pathways that the devil's gut flora contributed to. 26689946 3 94 theme humans 477:482 arg1 well-being 463:472 well-being 463:472 well-being 463:472 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 26689946 3 94 theme humans 477:482 arg1 health 452:457 health 452:457 health 452:457 Microbes are known to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of humans and other animals, and increasing evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota can influence various aspects of host physiology and development. 28242420 8 0 theme M. 1533:1534 arg1 laxa 1536:1539 M. laxa 1533:1539 M. laxa 1533:1539 Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that both strains showed a great capability to compete with M. laxa for space (starting 8h after treatment), colonizing the wound surface and inhibiting pathogen growth. 28242420 4 1 theme % 790:790 arg1 reduction 763:771 a reduction 761:771 a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively 761:803 However, L1 and L8 showed the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice at 5%, with a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively. 28242420 7 2 theme amended 1316:1322 arg1 medium 1324:1329 amended medium 1316:1329 amended medium with aspartic acid 1316:1348 Asparagine stimulated pathogen growth; conversely, amended medium with aspartic acid significantly inhibited the conidia germination and mycelial development of M. laxa. 28242420 9 3 theme action 1770:1775 arg1 mode 1762:1765 this mode 1757:1765 this mode of action 1757:1775 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 7 4 theme aspartic 1336:1343 arg1 acid 1345:1348 aspartic acid 1336:1348 aspartic acid 1336:1348 Asparagine stimulated pathogen growth; conversely, amended medium with aspartic acid significantly inhibited the conidia germination and mycelial development of M. laxa. 28242420 1 5 theme able 163:166 arg1 L8 158:159 L8 158:159 L8 158:159 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 5 theme able 163:166 arg1 L1 151:152 L1 151:152 L1 151:152 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 5 theme able 163:166 arg1 strains 142:148 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains 114:148 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8) 114:160 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 9 6 theme important 1789:1797 arg1 role 1799:1802 an important role 1786:1802 an important role 1786:1802 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 6 7 theme M. 1227:1228 arg1 growth 1235:1240 M. laxa growth 1227:1240 M. laxa growth 1227:1240 Pure asparagine and aspartic acid were tested by in vitro trials at the concentrations found in peach juice: both influenced M. laxa growth, but in opposite ways. 28242420 2 8 theme availability 504:515 arg1 conditions 481:490 different conditions 471:490 different conditions of nutrient availability 471:515 The competition for nutrients was studied by co-culturing pathogen conidia and antagonists in different conditions of nutrient availability and avoiding contact between them. 28242420 5 9 theme incubation 986:995 arg1 12h 979:981 12h 979:981 12h of incubation 979:995 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 1 10 theme fruit 191:195 arg1 decay 197:201 postharvest fruit decay 179:201 postharvest fruit decay 179:201 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 9 11 theme antagonistic 1811:1822 arg1 activity 1824:1831 the antagonistic activity 1807:1831 the antagonistic activity 1807:1831 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 1 12 theme peach 360:364 arg1 rot 372:374 peach brown rot 360:374 peach brown rot 360:374 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 4 13 theme lowest 692:697 arg1 inhibition 699:708 the lowest inhibition 688:708 the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice 688:747 However, L1 and L8 showed the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice at 5%, with a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively. 28242420 1 14 theme rot 372:374 arg1 agent 351:355 the causal agent 340:355 the causal agent of peach brown rot 340:374 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 14 theme rot 372:374 arg1 laxa 334:337 Monilinia laxa 324:337 Monilinia laxa 324:337 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 5 15 theme peach 834:838 arg1 juice 840:844 peach juice 834:844 peach juice 834:844 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 6 16 theme Pure 1102:1105 arg1 asparagine 1107:1116 Pure asparagine 1102:1116 Pure asparagine 1102:1116 Pure asparagine and aspartic acid were tested by in vitro trials at the concentrations found in peach juice: both influenced M. laxa growth, but in opposite ways. 28242420 5 17 theme aspartic 1028:1035 arg1 acid 1037:1040 aspartic acid 1028:1040 aspartic acid 1028:1040 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 8 18 dep space 1545:1549 arg1 8h 1561:1562 starting 8h 1552:1562 starting 8h after treatment 1552:1578 Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that both strains showed a great capability to compete with M. laxa for space (starting 8h after treatment), colonizing the wound surface and inhibiting pathogen growth. 28242420 6 19 theme opposite 1250:1257 arg1 ways 1259:1262 opposite ways 1250:1262 opposite ways 1250:1262 Pure asparagine and aspartic acid were tested by in vitro trials at the concentrations found in peach juice: both influenced M. laxa growth, but in opposite ways. 28242420 4 20 from germination 722:732 arg1 juice 743:747 peach juice 737:747 peach juice 737:747 However, L1 and L8 showed the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice at 5%, with a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively. 28242420 5 21 theme amino 811:815 arg1 analysis 822:829 HPLC amino acid analysis 806:829 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice 806:844 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 1 22 theme pullulans 132:140 arg1 L8 158:159 L8 158:159 L8 158:159 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 22 theme pullulans 132:140 arg1 L1 151:152 L1 151:152 L1 151:152 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 22 theme pullulans 132:140 arg1 strains 142:148 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains 114:148 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8) 114:160 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 2 23 theme different 471:479 arg1 conditions 481:490 different conditions 471:490 different conditions of nutrient availability 471:515 The competition for nutrients was studied by co-culturing pathogen conidia and antagonists in different conditions of nutrient availability and avoiding contact between them. 28242420 9 24 theme host-pathogen-antagonist 1878:1901 arg1 interaction 1903:1913 tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction 1867:1913 tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction 1867:1913 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 4 25 theme germination 722:732 arg1 inhibition 699:708 the lowest inhibition 688:708 the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice 688:747 However, L1 and L8 showed the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice at 5%, with a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively. 28242420 5 26 theme yeast 880:884 arg1 suspension 886:895 the yeast suspension 876:895 the yeast suspension 876:895 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 5 27 theme acid 1069:1072 arg1 content 1074:1080 aspartic acid content 1060:1080 aspartic acid content 1060:1080 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 9 28 theme L8 1694:1695 arg1 strains 1697:1703 A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains 1674:1703 strains 1697:1703 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 8 29 theme Electron 1444:1451 arg1 Microscopy 1453:1462 Scanning Electron Microscopy 1435:1462 Scanning Electron Microscopy 1435:1462 Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that both strains showed a great capability to compete with M. laxa for space (starting 8h after treatment), colonizing the wound surface and inhibiting pathogen growth. 28242420 9 30 theme several 1925:1931 arg1 mechanisms 1939:1948 several other mechanisms 1925:1948 several other mechanisms 1925:1948 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 1 31 dep strains 142:148 arg1 L8 158:159 L8 158:159 L8 158:159 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 31 dep strains 142:148 arg1 L1 151:152 L1 151:152 L1 151:152 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 31 dep strains 142:148 arg1 strains 142:148 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains 114:148 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8) 114:160 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 0 32 theme Monilinia 14:22 arg1 laxa 24:27 Monilinia laxa 14:27 Monilinia laxa 14:27 Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa by Aureobasidium pullulans strains: Insights on competition for nutrients and space. 28242420 7 33 theme M. 1426:1427 arg1 laxa 1429:1432 M. laxa 1426:1432 M. laxa 1426:1432 Asparagine stimulated pathogen growth; conversely, amended medium with aspartic acid significantly inhibited the conidia germination and mycelial development of M. laxa. 28242420 3 34 theme laxa 612:615 arg1 conidia 598:604 conidia 598:604 conidia of M. laxa 598:615 Both antagonists prevented the germination of conidia of M. laxa in water, reducing germination rate by >35%. 28242420 7 35 with medium 1324:1329 arg1 acid 1345:1348 aspartic acid 1336:1348 aspartic acid 1336:1348 Asparagine stimulated pathogen growth; conversely, amended medium with aspartic acid significantly inhibited the conidia germination and mycelial development of M. laxa. 28242420 4 36 theme peach 737:741 arg1 juice 743:747 peach juice 737:747 peach juice 737:747 However, L1 and L8 showed the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice at 5%, with a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively. 28242420 8 37 theme great 1500:1504 arg1 capability 1506:1515 a great capability 1498:1515 a great capability to compete with M. laxa for space (starting 8h after treatment), colonizing the wound surface and inhibiting pathogen growth 1498:1640 Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that both strains showed a great capability to compete with M. laxa for space (starting 8h after treatment), colonizing the wound surface and inhibiting pathogen growth. 28242420 8 38 theme starting 1552:1559 arg1 8h 1561:1562 starting 8h 1552:1562 starting 8h after treatment 1552:1578 Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that both strains showed a great capability to compete with M. laxa for space (starting 8h after treatment), colonizing the wound surface and inhibiting pathogen growth. 28242420 7 39 theme conidia 1378:1384 arg1 germination 1386:1396 conidia germination 1378:1396 conidia germination 1378:1396 Asparagine stimulated pathogen growth; conversely, amended medium with aspartic acid significantly inhibited the conidia germination and mycelial development of M. laxa. 28242420 0 40 dep Biocontrol 0:9 arg1 Insights 65:72 Insights 65:72 Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa by Aureobasidium pullulans strains: Insights on competition for nutrients and space. 0:112 Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa by Aureobasidium pullulans strains: Insights on competition for nutrients and space. 28242420 4 41 theme % 780:780 arg1 reduction 763:771 a reduction 761:771 a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively 761:803 However, L1 and L8 showed the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice at 5%, with a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively. 28242420 9 42 theme first 1852:1856 arg1 hours 1858:1862 the first hours 1848:1862 the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction 1848:1913 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 0 43 theme pullulans 46:54 arg1 strains 56:62 Aureobasidium pullulans strains 32:62 Aureobasidium pullulans strains 32:62 Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa by Aureobasidium pullulans strains: Insights on competition for nutrients and space. 28242420 6 44 theme in 1151:1152 arg1 trials 1160:1165 in vitro trials 1151:1165 in vitro trials 1151:1165 Pure asparagine and aspartic acid were tested by in vitro trials at the concentrations found in peach juice: both influenced M. laxa growth, but in opposite ways. 28242420 8 45 theme wound 1597:1601 arg1 surface 1603:1609 the wound surface 1593:1609 the wound surface 1593:1609 Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that both strains showed a great capability to compete with M. laxa for space (starting 8h after treatment), colonizing the wound surface and inhibiting pathogen growth. 28242420 6 46 theme laxa 1230:1233 arg1 growth 1235:1240 M. laxa growth 1227:1240 M. laxa growth 1227:1240 Pure asparagine and aspartic acid were tested by in vitro trials at the concentrations found in peach juice: both influenced M. laxa growth, but in opposite ways. 28242420 2 47 from conidia 444:450 arg1 conditions 481:490 different conditions 471:490 different conditions of nutrient availability 471:515 The competition for nutrients was studied by co-culturing pathogen conidia and antagonists in different conditions of nutrient availability and avoiding contact between them. 28242420 7 48 theme pathogen 1287:1294 arg1 growth 1296:1301 pathogen growth 1287:1301 pathogen growth 1287:1301 Asparagine stimulated pathogen growth; conversely, amended medium with aspartic acid significantly inhibited the conidia germination and mycelial development of M. laxa. 28242420 1 49 theme causal 344:349 arg1 agent 351:355 the causal agent 340:355 the causal agent of peach brown rot 340:374 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 49 theme causal 344:349 arg1 laxa 334:337 Monilinia laxa 324:337 Monilinia laxa 324:337 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 8 50 theme pathogen 1626:1633 arg1 growth 1635:1640 pathogen growth 1626:1640 pathogen growth 1626:1640 Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that both strains showed a great capability to compete with M. laxa for space (starting 8h after treatment), colonizing the wound surface and inhibiting pathogen growth. 28242420 1 51 theme postharvest 179:189 arg1 decay 197:201 postharvest fruit decay 179:201 postharvest fruit decay 179:201 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 2 52 theme nutrient 495:502 arg1 availability 504:515 nutrient availability 495:515 nutrient availability 495:515 The competition for nutrients was studied by co-culturing pathogen conidia and antagonists in different conditions of nutrient availability and avoiding contact between them. 28242420 0 53 from Insights 65:72 arg1 competition 77:87 competition 77:87 competition for nutrients and space 77:111 Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa by Aureobasidium pullulans strains: Insights on competition for nutrients and space. 28242420 5 54 theme acid 817:820 arg1 analysis 822:829 HPLC amino acid analysis 806:829 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice 806:844 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 6 55 theme aspartic 1122:1129 arg1 acid 1131:1134 aspartic acid 1122:1134 aspartic acid 1122:1134 Pure asparagine and aspartic acid were tested by in vitro trials at the concentrations found in peach juice: both influenced M. laxa growth, but in opposite ways. 28242420 6 56 theme peach 1198:1202 arg1 juice 1204:1208 peach juice 1198:1208 peach juice 1198:1208 Pure asparagine and aspartic acid were tested by in vitro trials at the concentrations found in peach juice: both influenced M. laxa growth, but in opposite ways. 28242420 1 57 theme brown 366:370 arg1 rot 372:374 peach brown rot 360:374 peach brown rot 360:374 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 3 58 theme conidia 598:604 arg1 germination 583:593 the germination 579:593 the germination of conidia of M. laxa in water 579:624 Both antagonists prevented the germination of conidia of M. laxa in water, reducing germination rate by >35%. 28242420 1 59 theme Aureobasidium 118:130 arg1 L8 158:159 L8 158:159 L8 158:159 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 59 theme Aureobasidium 118:130 arg1 L1 151:152 L1 151:152 L1 151:152 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 59 theme Aureobasidium 118:130 arg1 strains 142:148 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains 114:148 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8) 114:160 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 4 60 from juice 743:747 arg1 inhibition 699:708 the lowest inhibition 688:708 the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice 688:747 However, L1 and L8 showed the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice at 5%, with a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively. 28242420 5 61 theme HPLC 806:809 arg1 analysis 822:829 HPLC amino acid analysis 806:829 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice 806:844 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 2 62 theme pathogen 435:442 arg1 conidia 444:450 pathogen conidia 435:450 pathogen conidia 435:450 The competition for nutrients was studied by co-culturing pathogen conidia and antagonists in different conditions of nutrient availability and avoiding contact between them. 28242420 9 63 theme tritrophic 1867:1876 arg1 interaction 1903:1913 tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction 1867:1913 tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction 1867:1913 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 3 64 from germination 583:593 arg1 water 620:624 water 620:624 water 620:624 Both antagonists prevented the germination of conidia of M. laxa in water, reducing germination rate by >35%. 28242420 1 65 theme Monilinia 324:332 arg1 agent 351:355 the causal agent 340:355 the causal agent of peach brown rot 340:374 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 1 65 theme Monilinia 324:332 arg1 laxa 334:337 Monilinia laxa 324:337 Monilinia laxa 324:337 Two Aureobasidium pullulans strains (L1 and L8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. 28242420 4 66 from inhibition 699:708 arg1 juice 743:747 peach juice 737:747 peach juice 737:747 However, L1 and L8 showed the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice at 5%, with a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively. 28242420 9 67 theme pullulans 1677:1685 arg1 L1 1687:1688 A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains 1674:1703 L1 1687:1688 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 8 68 theme Scanning 1435:1442 arg1 Microscopy 1453:1462 Scanning Electron Microscopy 1435:1462 Scanning Electron Microscopy 1435:1462 Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that both strains showed a great capability to compete with M. laxa for space (starting 8h after treatment), colonizing the wound surface and inhibiting pathogen growth. 28242420 9 69 theme interaction 1903:1913 arg1 hours 1858:1862 the first hours 1848:1862 the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction 1848:1913 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 4 70 theme conidial 713:720 arg1 germination 722:732 conidial germination 713:732 conidial germination in peach juice 713:747 However, L1 and L8 showed the lowest inhibition of conidial germination in peach juice at 5%, with a reduction of 12.6% and 13.9% respectively. 28242420 9 71 theme A. 1674:1675 arg1 L1 1687:1688 A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains 1674:1703 L1 1687:1688 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 5 72 theme juice 840:844 arg1 analysis 822:829 HPLC amino acid analysis 806:829 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice 806:844 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 0 73 theme laxa 24:27 arg1 Biocontrol 0:9 Biocontrol 0:9 Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa by Aureobasidium pullulans strains: Insights on competition for nutrients and space. 0:112 Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa by Aureobasidium pullulans strains: Insights on competition for nutrients and space. 28242420 6 74 located found 1189:1193 arg1 juice 1204:1208 peach juice 1198:1208 peach juice 1198:1208 Pure asparagine and aspartic acid were tested by in vitro trials at the concentrations found in peach juice: both influenced M. laxa growth, but in opposite ways. 28242420 6 74 located found 1189:1193 arg2 concentrations 1174:1187 the concentrations 1170:1187 the concentrations found in peach juice 1170:1208 Pure asparagine and aspartic acid were tested by in vitro trials at the concentrations found in peach juice: both influenced M. laxa growth, but in opposite ways. 28242420 9 75 theme other 1933:1937 arg1 mechanisms 1939:1948 several other mechanisms 1925:1948 several other mechanisms 1925:1948 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 0 76 theme Aureobasidium 32:44 arg1 strains 56:62 Aureobasidium pullulans strains 32:62 Aureobasidium pullulans strains 32:62 Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa by Aureobasidium pullulans strains: Insights on competition for nutrients and space. 28242420 7 77 dep germination 1386:1396 arg1 the 1374:1376 the 1374:1376 the 1374:1376 Asparagine stimulated pathogen growth; conversely, amended medium with aspartic acid significantly inhibited the conidia germination and mycelial development of M. laxa. 28242420 3 78 theme M. 609:610 arg1 laxa 612:615 M. laxa 609:615 M. laxa 609:615 Both antagonists prevented the germination of conidia of M. laxa in water, reducing germination rate by >35%. 28242420 7 79 theme laxa 1429:1432 arg1 development 1411:1421 mycelial development 1402:1421 mycelial development 1402:1421 Asparagine stimulated pathogen growth; conversely, amended medium with aspartic acid significantly inhibited the conidia germination and mycelial development of M. laxa. 28242420 7 79 theme laxa 1429:1432 arg1 germination 1386:1396 conidia germination 1378:1396 conidia germination 1378:1396 Asparagine stimulated pathogen growth; conversely, amended medium with aspartic acid significantly inhibited the conidia germination and mycelial development of M. laxa. 28242420 9 80 theme M. 1724:1725 arg1 laxa 1727:1730 M. laxa 1724:1730 M. laxa 1724:1730 This study clearly showed that A. pullulans L1 and L8 strains could compete with M. laxa for nutrients and space; this mode of action may play an important role in the antagonistic activity, especially in the first hours of tritrophic host-pathogen-antagonist interaction, although several other mechanisms can interact each other. 28242420 3 81 theme germination 636:646 arg1 rate 648:651 germination rate 636:651 germination rate 636:651 Both antagonists prevented the germination of conidia of M. laxa in water, reducing germination rate by >35%. 28242420 2 82 from antagonists 456:466 arg1 conditions 481:490 different conditions 471:490 different conditions of nutrient availability 471:515 The competition for nutrients was studied by co-culturing pathogen conidia and antagonists in different conditions of nutrient availability and avoiding contact between them. 28242420 5 83 theme aspartic 1060:1067 arg1 content 1074:1080 aspartic acid content 1060:1080 aspartic acid content 1060:1080 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 5 84 theme suspension 886:895 arg1 addition 864:871 the addition 860:871 the addition of the yeast suspension 860:895 HPLC amino acid analysis of peach juice revealed that the addition of the yeast suspension greatly modified their composition: asparagine was completely depleted soon after 12h of incubation and was probably hydrolyzed to aspartic acid by the yeasts, as aspartic acid content markedly increased. 28242420 6 85 dep in 1151:1152 arg1 vitro 1154:1158 vitro 1154:1158 vitro 1154:1158 Pure asparagine and aspartic acid were tested by in vitro trials at the concentrations found in peach juice: both influenced M. laxa growth, but in opposite ways. 28242420 7 86 theme mycelial 1402:1409 arg1 development 1411:1421 mycelial development 1402:1421 mycelial development 1402:1421 Asparagine stimulated pathogen growth; conversely, amended medium with aspartic acid significantly inhibited the conidia germination and mycelial development of M. laxa. 27568495 0 0 theme electrospun 90:100 arg1 nanofibers 112:121 electrospun polyester nanofibers 90:121 electrospun polyester nanofibers 90:121 Rationally designed particle preloading method to improve protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers. 27568495 8 1 theme release 1279:1285 arg1 behaviour 1287:1295 In vitro release behaviour and cell studies 1270:1312 behaviour 1287:1295 In vitro release behaviour and cell studies showed that proteins retained their bioactivity and could release from polyester nanofibers in a sustained manner for more than 4 weeks without any initial burst. 27568495 3 2 attach attachment 656:665 arg1 nanofibers 683:692 nanofibers 683:692 nanofibers 683:692 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 3 2 attach attachment 656:665 arg2 particles 670:678 particles 670:678 particles 670:678 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 9 3 theme wound 1556:1560 arg1 healing 1562:1568 diabetic wound healing 1547:1568 diabetic wound healing 1547:1568 Epidermal growth factor encapsulated in polyester nanofibers enhanced diabetic wound healing in vivo, demonstrating an application potential in biomedicine. 27568495 8 4 theme In 1270:1271 arg1 behaviour 1287:1295 In vitro release behaviour and cell studies 1270:1312 behaviour 1287:1295 In vitro release behaviour and cell studies showed that proteins retained their bioactivity and could release from polyester nanofibers in a sustained manner for more than 4 weeks without any initial burst. 27568495 7 5 theme polyester 1248:1256 arg1 nanofibers 1258:1267 polyester nanofibers 1248:1267 polyester nanofibers 1248:1267 Microscope observations indicated that CNPs were homogeneously embedded within polyester nanofibers. 27568495 3 6 theme improper 564:571 arg1 integration 573:583 the improper integration 560:583 the improper integration 560:583 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 0 7 theme nanofibers 112:121 arg1 performance 75:85 protein delivery performance 58:85 protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers 58:121 Rationally designed particle preloading method to improve protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers. 27568495 3 8 theme uneven 597:602 arg1 distribution 604:615 an uneven distribution 594:615 an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers 594:692 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 3 9 from distribution 604:615 arg1 attachment 656:665 insecure attachment 647:665 insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers 647:692 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 3 9 from distribution 604:615 arg1 nanofibers 633:642 nanofibers 633:642 nanofibers 633:642 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 0 10 theme polyester 102:110 arg1 nanofibers 112:121 electrospun polyester nanofibers 90:121 electrospun polyester nanofibers 90:121 Rationally designed particle preloading method to improve protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers. 27568495 8 11 theme initial 1462:1468 arg1 burst 1470:1474 any initial burst 1458:1474 any initial burst 1458:1474 In vitro release behaviour and cell studies showed that proteins retained their bioactivity and could release from polyester nanofibers in a sustained manner for more than 4 weeks without any initial burst. 27568495 5 12 used used 937:940 arg2 CNPs 926:929 CNPs 926:929 CNPs 926:929 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 5 12 used used 937:940 arg2 nanoparticles 911:923 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles 883:923 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) 883:930 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 5 12 used used 937:940 arg2 carriers 945:952 carriers 945:952 carriers 945:952 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 5 13 theme primary 1018:1024 arg1 barriers 1026:1033 primary barriers 1018:1033 primary barriers for protein release 1018:1053 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 8 14 theme cell 1301:1304 arg1 studies 1306:1312 In vitro release behaviour and cell studies 1270:1312 studies 1306:1312 In vitro release behaviour and cell studies showed that proteins retained their bioactivity and could release from polyester nanofibers in a sustained manner for more than 4 weeks without any initial burst. 27568495 4 15 theme delivery 784:791 arg1 performance 793:803 the protein delivery performance 772:803 the protein delivery performance of polyester nanofibers 772:827 This study aimed to improve the protein delivery performance of polyester nanofibers by rationally designing a particle preloading method. 27568495 8 16 theme polyester 1385:1393 arg1 nanofibers 1395:1404 polyester nanofibers 1385:1404 polyester nanofibers 1385:1404 In vitro release behaviour and cell studies showed that proteins retained their bioactivity and could release from polyester nanofibers in a sustained manner for more than 4 weeks without any initial burst. 27568495 5 17 theme chitosan 902:909 arg1 nanoparticles 911:923 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles 883:923 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) 883:930 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 5 17 theme chitosan 902:909 arg1 carriers 945:952 carriers 945:952 carriers 945:952 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 5 17 theme chitosan 902:909 arg1 CNPs 926:929 CNPs 926:929 CNPs 926:929 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 4 18 theme preloading 864:873 arg1 method 875:880 a particle preloading method 853:880 a particle preloading method 853:880 This study aimed to improve the protein delivery performance of polyester nanofibers by rationally designing a particle preloading method. 27568495 3 19 theme harsh 471:475 arg1 example 458:464 example 458:464 example 458:464 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 3 19 theme harsh 471:475 arg1 conditions 477:486 the harsh conditions 467:486 the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins 467:557 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 5 20 theme mild 995:998 arg1 conditions 1000:1009 mild conditions 995:1009 mild conditions 995:1009 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 6 21 theme polar 1060:1064 arg1 CNPs 1066:1069 The polar CNPs 1056:1069 The polar CNPs 1056:1069 The polar CNPs were then homogeneously dispersed in a polar polyester solution and subjected to electrospinning. 27568495 4 22 theme particle 855:862 arg1 method 875:880 a particle preloading method 853:880 a particle preloading method 853:880 This study aimed to improve the protein delivery performance of polyester nanofibers by rationally designing a particle preloading method. 27568495 0 23 theme designed 11:18 arg1 method 40:45 Rationally designed particle preloading method 0:45 Rationally designed particle preloading method 0:45 Rationally designed particle preloading method to improve protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers. 27568495 9 24 theme Epidermal 1477:1485 arg1 factor 1494:1499 Epidermal growth factor 1477:1499 Epidermal growth factor encapsulated in polyester nanofibers 1477:1536 Epidermal growth factor encapsulated in polyester nanofibers enhanced diabetic wound healing in vivo, demonstrating an application potential in biomedicine. 27568495 10 25 theme cell 1724:1727 arg1 adhesion 1729:1736 cell adhesion 1724:1736 cell adhesion 1724:1736 Other properties of the nanofibers, including composition, wettability, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion and spreading, were examined in detail as well. 27568495 4 26 theme nanofibers 818:827 arg1 performance 793:803 the protein delivery performance 772:803 the protein delivery performance of polyester nanofibers 772:827 This study aimed to improve the protein delivery performance of polyester nanofibers by rationally designing a particle preloading method. 27568495 2 27 theme delivery 432:439 arg1 performance 441:451 unsatisfactory protein delivery performance 409:451 unsatisfactory protein delivery performance 409:451 However, poor method design has resulted in unsatisfactory protein delivery performance. 27568495 4 28 theme polyester 808:816 arg1 nanofibers 818:827 polyester nanofibers 808:827 polyester nanofibers 808:827 This study aimed to improve the protein delivery performance of polyester nanofibers by rationally designing a particle preloading method. 27568495 2 29 theme protein 424:430 arg1 performance 441:451 unsatisfactory protein delivery performance 409:451 unsatisfactory protein delivery performance 409:451 However, poor method design has resulted in unsatisfactory protein delivery performance. 27568495 0 30 theme preloading 29:38 arg1 method 40:45 Rationally designed particle preloading method 0:45 Rationally designed particle preloading method 0:45 Rationally designed particle preloading method to improve protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers. 27568495 1 31 theme therapeutic 317:327 arg1 proteins 329:336 therapeutic proteins 317:336 therapeutic proteins 317:336 Particle preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles and then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers has been widely used to encapsulate therapeutic proteins into polyester nanofibers. 27568495 7 32 theme Microscope 1169:1178 arg1 observations 1180:1191 Microscope observations 1169:1191 Microscope observations 1169:1191 Microscope observations indicated that CNPs were homogeneously embedded within polyester nanofibers. 27568495 5 33 theme protein 1039:1045 arg1 release 1047:1053 protein release 1039:1053 protein release 1039:1053 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 0 34 theme particle 20:27 arg1 method 40:45 Rationally designed particle preloading method 0:45 Rationally designed particle preloading method 0:45 Rationally designed particle preloading method to improve protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers. 27568495 3 35 theme protein 718:724 arg1 profiles 734:741 uncontrolled protein release profiles 705:741 uncontrolled protein release profiles 705:741 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 3 36 theme particles 620:628 arg1 distribution 604:615 an uneven distribution 594:615 an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers 594:692 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 1 37 theme loading 160:166 arg1 proteins 168:175 first loading proteins 154:175 first loading proteins 154:175 Particle preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles and then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers has been widely used to encapsulate therapeutic proteins into polyester nanofibers. 27568495 3 38 theme release 726:732 arg1 profiles 734:741 uncontrolled protein release profiles 705:741 uncontrolled protein release profiles 705:741 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 1 39 used used 297:300 arg2 Particle 124:131 Particle 124:131 Particle preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles and then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers 124:279 Particle preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles and then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers has been widely used to encapsulate therapeutic proteins into polyester nanofibers. 27568495 9 40 theme application 1596:1606 arg1 potential 1608:1616 an application potential 1593:1616 an application potential in biomedicine 1593:1631 Epidermal growth factor encapsulated in polyester nanofibers enhanced diabetic wound healing in vivo, demonstrating an application potential in biomedicine. 27568495 3 41 theme preloading 500:509 arg1 procedures 511:520 preloading procedures 500:520 preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins 500:557 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 6 42 theme polyester 1116:1124 arg1 solution 1126:1133 a polar polyester solution 1108:1133 a polar polyester solution 1108:1133 The polar CNPs were then homogeneously dispersed in a polar polyester solution and subjected to electrospinning. 27568495 1 43 theme polyester 343:351 arg1 nanofibers 353:362 polyester nanofibers 343:362 polyester nanofibers 343:362 Particle preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles and then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers has been widely used to encapsulate therapeutic proteins into polyester nanofibers. 27568495 10 44 theme Other 1634:1638 arg1 well 1780:1783 well 1780:1783 well 1780:1783 Other properties of the nanofibers, including composition, wettability, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion and spreading, were examined in detail as well. 27568495 10 44 theme Other 1634:1638 arg1 properties 1640:1649 Other properties 1634:1649 Other properties of the nanofibers, including composition, wettability, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion and spreading, 1634:1751 Other properties of the nanofibers, including composition, wettability, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion and spreading, were examined in detail as well. 27568495 8 45 theme sustained 1411:1419 arg1 manner 1421:1426 a sustained manner 1409:1426 a sustained manner for more than 4 weeks without any initial burst 1409:1474 In vitro release behaviour and cell studies showed that proteins retained their bioactivity and could release from polyester nanofibers in a sustained manner for more than 4 weeks without any initial burst. 27568495 0 46 theme protein 58:64 arg1 performance 75:85 protein delivery performance 58:85 protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers 58:121 Rationally designed particle preloading method to improve protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers. 27568495 5 47 theme charged 975:981 arg1 proteins 983:990 negatively charged proteins 964:990 negatively charged proteins 964:990 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 3 48 theme uncontrolled 705:716 arg1 profiles 734:741 uncontrolled protein release profiles 705:741 uncontrolled protein release profiles 705:741 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 3 49 theme proteins 550:557 arg1 bioactivities 533:545 the bioactivities 529:545 the bioactivities of proteins 529:557 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 5 50 theme charged 894:900 arg1 nanoparticles 911:923 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles 883:923 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) 883:930 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 5 50 theme charged 894:900 arg1 carriers 945:952 carriers 945:952 carriers 945:952 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 5 50 theme charged 894:900 arg1 CNPs 926:929 CNPs 926:929 CNPs 926:929 Positively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used as carriers to adsorb negatively charged proteins in mild conditions and as primary barriers for protein release. 27568495 3 51 theme insecure 647:654 arg1 attachment 656:665 insecure attachment 647:665 insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers 647:692 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 9 52 from potential 1608:1616 arg1 biomedicine 1621:1631 biomedicine 1621:1631 biomedicine 1621:1631 Epidermal growth factor encapsulated in polyester nanofibers enhanced diabetic wound healing in vivo, demonstrating an application potential in biomedicine. 27568495 2 53 theme method 379:384 arg1 design 386:391 poor method design 374:391 poor method design 374:391 However, poor method design has resulted in unsatisfactory protein delivery performance. 27568495 6 54 theme polar 1110:1114 arg1 solution 1126:1133 a polar polyester solution 1108:1133 a polar polyester solution 1108:1133 The polar CNPs were then homogeneously dispersed in a polar polyester solution and subjected to electrospinning. 27568495 2 55 theme poor 374:377 arg1 design 386:391 poor method design 374:391 poor method design 374:391 However, poor method design has resulted in unsatisfactory protein delivery performance. 27568495 9 56 theme polyester 1517:1525 arg1 nanofibers 1527:1536 polyester nanofibers 1517:1536 polyester nanofibers 1517:1536 Epidermal growth factor encapsulated in polyester nanofibers enhanced diabetic wound healing in vivo, demonstrating an application potential in biomedicine. 27568495 1 57 theme electrospun 248:258 arg1 nanofibers 270:279 electrospun polyester nanofibers 248:279 electrospun polyester nanofibers 248:279 Particle preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles and then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers has been widely used to encapsulate therapeutic proteins into polyester nanofibers. 27568495 10 58 theme nanofibers 1658:1667 arg1 well 1780:1783 well 1780:1783 well 1780:1783 Other properties of the nanofibers, including composition, wettability, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion and spreading, were examined in detail as well. 27568495 10 58 theme nanofibers 1658:1667 arg1 properties 1640:1649 Other properties 1634:1649 Other properties of the nanofibers, including composition, wettability, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion and spreading, 1634:1751 Other properties of the nanofibers, including composition, wettability, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion and spreading, were examined in detail as well. 27568495 3 59 dep procedures 511:520 arg1 damage 522:527 damage 522:527 damage 522:527 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 1 60 theme first 154:158 arg1 proteins 168:175 first loading proteins 154:175 first loading proteins 154:175 Particle preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles and then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers has been widely used to encapsulate therapeutic proteins into polyester nanofibers. 27568495 9 61 theme growth 1487:1492 arg1 factor 1494:1499 Epidermal growth factor 1477:1499 Epidermal growth factor encapsulated in polyester nanofibers 1477:1536 Epidermal growth factor encapsulated in polyester nanofibers enhanced diabetic wound healing in vivo, demonstrating an application potential in biomedicine. 27568495 1 62 theme polyester 260:268 arg1 nanofibers 270:279 electrospun polyester nanofibers 248:279 electrospun polyester nanofibers 248:279 Particle preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles and then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers has been widely used to encapsulate therapeutic proteins into polyester nanofibers. 27568495 8 63 dep In 1270:1271 arg1 vitro 1273:1277 vitro 1273:1277 vitro 1273:1277 In vitro release behaviour and cell studies showed that proteins retained their bioactivity and could release from polyester nanofibers in a sustained manner for more than 4 weeks without any initial burst. 27568495 3 64 theme particles 670:678 arg1 attachment 656:665 insecure attachment 647:665 insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers 647:692 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 3 64 theme particles 670:678 arg1 nanofibers 633:642 nanofibers 633:642 nanofibers 633:642 For example, the harsh conditions involved in preloading procedures damage the bioactivities of proteins, the improper integration leads to an uneven distribution of particles in nanofibers or insecure attachment of particles to nanofibers, producing uncontrolled protein release profiles. 27568495 2 65 theme unsatisfactory 409:422 arg1 performance 441:451 unsatisfactory protein delivery performance 409:451 unsatisfactory protein delivery performance 409:451 However, poor method design has resulted in unsatisfactory protein delivery performance. 27568495 0 66 theme delivery 66:73 arg1 performance 75:85 protein delivery performance 58:85 protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers 58:121 Rationally designed particle preloading method to improve protein delivery performance of electrospun polyester nanofibers. 27568495 9 67 theme diabetic 1547:1554 arg1 healing 1562:1568 diabetic wound healing 1547:1568 diabetic wound healing 1547:1568 Epidermal growth factor encapsulated in polyester nanofibers enhanced diabetic wound healing in vivo, demonstrating an application potential in biomedicine. 27568495 1 68 dep Particle 124:131 arg1 preloading 133:142 preloading 133:142 preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles 133:204 Particle preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles and then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers has been widely used to encapsulate therapeutic proteins into polyester nanofibers. 27568495 1 68 dep Particle 124:131 arg1 integrating 215:225 integrating 215:225 then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers 210:279 Particle preloading method by first loading proteins onto nano- or microparticles and then integrating these particles into electrospun polyester nanofibers has been widely used to encapsulate therapeutic proteins into polyester nanofibers. 27568495 4 69 theme protein 776:782 arg1 performance 793:803 the protein delivery performance 772:803 the protein delivery performance of polyester nanofibers 772:827 This study aimed to improve the protein delivery performance of polyester nanofibers by rationally designing a particle preloading method. 25155442 12 0 theme xylose 1883:1888 arg1 addition 1826:1833 the addition 1822:1833 the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose 1822:1888 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 6 1 theme enzymes 891:897 arg1 inactivation 860:871 complete inactivation 851:871 complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes 851:897 Results show that PRX-102 has prolonged in-vitro stability in plasma, after 1h incubation it retains 30% activity compared with complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes. 25155442 12 2 theme sialylated 1987:1996 arg1 glycans 1998:2004 sialylated glycans 1987:2004 sialylated glycans 1987:2004 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 2 3 theme replacement 276:286 arg1 ERTs 299:302 ERTs 299:302 ERTs 299:302 Although two enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) are commercially available, they may not effectively reverse some of the Fabry pathology. 25155442 2 3 theme replacement 276:286 arg1 therapies 288:296 two enzyme replacement therapies 265:296 two enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) 265:303 Although two enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) are commercially available, they may not effectively reverse some of the Fabry pathology. 25155442 5 4 theme PRX-102 628:634 arg1 properties 614:623 the in-vitro and in-vivo properties 589:623 the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of PRX-102 589:634 We have characterized the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of PRX-102 and compared the results with the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes. 25155442 5 5 theme α-Galactosidase-A 696:712 arg1 enzymes 714:720 the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes 666:720 the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes 666:720 We have characterized the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of PRX-102 and compared the results with the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes. 25155442 13 6 theme prolonged 2170:2178 arg1 half-life 2192:2200 prolonged circulatory half-life 2170:2200 prolonged circulatory half-life 2170:2200 This study concludes that PRX-102 is equivalent in functionality to the current ERTs available, with superior stability and prolonged circulatory half-life. 25155442 12 7 theme -linked 1851:1857 arg1 fucose 1859:1864 α(1-3)-linked fucose 1845:1864 α(1-3)-linked fucose 1845:1864 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 9 8 theme kinetic 1235:1241 arg1 parameters 1243:1252 significantly different kinetic parameters 1211:1252 significantly different kinetic parameters 1211:1252 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 7 9 theme commercial 1007:1016 arg1 enzymes 1018:1024 commercial enzymes 1007:1024 commercial enzymes 1007:1024 Under lysosomal-like conditions PRX-102 maintains over 80% activity following 10 days of incubation, while commercial enzymes become inactive after 2days. 25155442 12 10 theme agalsidase 1954:1963 arg1 beta 1965:1968 agalsidase beta 1954:1968 agalsidase beta 1954:1968 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 9 11 theme alternative 1261:1271 arg1 ERTs 1273:1276 the alternative ERTs 1257:1276 the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA) 1257:1316 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 13 12 theme superior 2147:2154 arg1 stability 2156:2164 superior stability 2147:2164 superior stability 2147:2164 This study concludes that PRX-102 is equivalent in functionality to the current ERTs available, with superior stability and prolonged circulatory half-life. 25155442 12 13 theme various 1915:1921 arg1 structures 1936:1945 various high mannose structures 1915:1945 various high mannose structures 1915:1945 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 9 14 theme available 1278:1286 arg1 ERTs 1273:1276 the alternative ERTs 1257:1276 the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA) 1257:1316 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 12 15 link -linked 1851:1857 arg1 fucose 1859:1864 α(1-3)-linked fucose 1845:1864 α(1-3)-linked fucose 1845:1864 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 13 16 theme current 2118:2124 arg1 ERTs 2126:2129 the current ERTs 2114:2129 the current ERTs available 2114:2139 This study concludes that PRX-102 is equivalent in functionality to the current ERTs available, with superior stability and prolonged circulatory half-life. 25155442 11 17 from % 1667:1667 arg1 kidney 1623:1628 kidney 1623:1628 kidney 1623:1628 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 17 from % 1667:1667 arg1 spleen 1690:1695 spleen 1690:1695 spleen 1690:1695 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 17 from % 1667:1667 arg1 skin 1672:1675 skin 1672:1675 skin 1672:1675 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 17 from % 1667:1667 arg1 heart 1657:1661 heart 1657:1661 heart 1657:1661 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 17 from % 1667:1667 arg1 liver 1631:1635 liver 1631:1635 liver was cleaned 1631:1647 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 4 18 theme cross-linked 542:553 arg1 homo-dimer 555:564 a cross-linked homo-dimer 540:564 a cross-linked homo-dimer 540:564 PRX-102 is chemically modified, resulting in a cross-linked homo-dimer. 25155442 12 19 theme mannose 1928:1934 arg1 structures 1936:1945 various high mannose structures 1915:1945 various high mannose structures 1915:1945 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 11 20 theme significant 1518:1528 arg1 p-value<0.05 1541:1552 p-value<0.05 1541:1552 p-value<0.05 1541:1552 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 20 theme significant 1518:1528 arg1 reduction 1530:1538 significant reduction 1518:1538 significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues 1518:1579 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 0 21 theme α-Galactosidase-A 77:93 arg1 enzyme 95:100 human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme 71:100 human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme for treatment of Fabry disease 71:131 Characterization of a chemically modified plant cell culture expressed human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 1 22 theme recessive 163:171 arg1 disorder 173:180 an X-linked recessive disorder 151:180 an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A 151:253 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 1 22 theme recessive 163:171 arg1 disease 140:146 Fabry disease 134:146 Fabry disease 134:146 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 10 23 theme human 1432:1436 arg1 fibroblasts 1444:1454 primary human Fabry fibroblasts 1424:1454 primary human Fabry fibroblasts 1424:1454 PRX-102 is uptaken to primary human Fabry fibroblasts. 25155442 5 24 theme in-vitro 593:600 arg1 properties 614:623 the in-vitro and in-vivo properties 589:623 the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of PRX-102 589:634 We have characterized the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of PRX-102 and compared the results with the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes. 25155442 6 25 contain has 749:751 arg2 stability 772:780 prolonged in-vitro stability 753:780 prolonged in-vitro stability 753:780 Results show that PRX-102 has prolonged in-vitro stability in plasma, after 1h incubation it retains 30% activity compared with complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes. 25155442 6 25 contain has 749:751 arg1 PRX-102 741:747 PRX-102 741:747 PRX-102 741:747 Results show that PRX-102 has prolonged in-vitro stability in plasma, after 1h incubation it retains 30% activity compared with complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes. 25155442 13 26 dep ERTs 2126:2129 arg1 functionality 2097:2109 functionality 2097:2109 functionality 2097:2109 This study concludes that PRX-102 is equivalent in functionality to the current ERTs available, with superior stability and prolonged circulatory half-life. 25155442 2 27 theme Fabry 378:382 arg1 pathology 384:392 the Fabry pathology 374:392 the Fabry pathology 374:392 Although two enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) are commercially available, they may not effectively reverse some of the Fabry pathology. 25155442 8 28 theme PRX-102 1082:1088 arg1 profile 1071:1077 Pharmacokinetic profile 1055:1077 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice 1055:1116 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice shows a 10 fold increase in t1/2 in mice (581min) compared to approved drugs. 25155442 1 29 link X-linked 154:161 arg1 disorder 173:180 an X-linked recessive disorder 151:180 an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A 151:253 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 1 29 link X-linked 154:161 arg1 disease 140:146 Fabry disease 134:146 Fabry disease 134:146 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 14 30 theme promising 2242:2250 arg1 alternative 2252:2262 a promising alternative 2240:2262 a promising alternative for treatment of Fabry disease 2240:2293 Therefore we propose that PRX-102 is a promising alternative for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 14 30 theme promising 2242:2250 arg1 PRX-102 2229:2235 PRX-102 2229:2235 PRX-102 2229:2235 Therefore we propose that PRX-102 is a promising alternative for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 3 31 theme disease 446:452 arg1 therapy 429:435 the therapy 425:435 the therapy of Fabry disease expressed in a BY2 Tobacco cell culture 425:492 PRX-102 is a novel enzyme for the therapy of Fabry disease expressed in a BY2 Tobacco cell culture. 25155442 12 32 dep structures 1936:1945 arg1 addition 1903:1910 addition 1903:1910 addition 1903:1910 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 11 33 from % 1618:1618 arg1 kidney 1623:1628 kidney 1623:1628 kidney 1623:1628 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 33 from % 1618:1618 arg1 spleen 1690:1695 spleen 1690:1695 spleen 1690:1695 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 33 from % 1618:1618 arg1 skin 1672:1675 skin 1672:1675 skin 1672:1675 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 33 from % 1618:1618 arg1 heart 1657:1661 heart 1657:1661 heart 1657:1661 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 33 from % 1618:1618 arg1 liver 1631:1635 liver 1631:1635 liver was cleaned 1631:1647 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 13 34 theme circulatory 2180:2190 arg1 half-life 2192:2200 prolonged circulatory half-life 2170:2200 prolonged circulatory half-life 2170:2200 This study concludes that PRX-102 is equivalent in functionality to the current ERTs available, with superior stability and prolonged circulatory half-life. 25155442 0 35 theme modified 33:40 arg1 culture 53:59 a chemically modified plant cell culture 20:59 a chemically modified plant cell culture 20:59 Characterization of a chemically modified plant cell culture expressed human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 8 36 theme Fabry 1107:1111 arg1 mice 1113:1116 male Fabry mice 1102:1116 male Fabry mice 1102:1116 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice shows a 10 fold increase in t1/2 in mice (581min) compared to approved drugs. 25155442 6 37 theme complete 851:858 arg1 inactivation 860:871 complete inactivation 851:871 complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes 851:897 Results show that PRX-102 has prolonged in-vitro stability in plasma, after 1h incubation it retains 30% activity compared with complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes. 25155442 12 38 theme glycosylation 1731:1743 arg1 pattern 1745:1751 a relatively simple glycosylation pattern 1711:1751 a relatively simple glycosylation pattern 1711:1751 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 11 39 theme measured 1586:1593 arg1 content 1604:1610 the measured residual content 1582:1610 the measured residual content 1582:1610 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 39 theme measured 1586:1593 arg1 % 1618:1618 64% 1616:1618 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned 1616:1647 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 3 40 theme BY2 469:471 arg1 culture 486:492 a BY2 Tobacco cell culture 467:492 a BY2 Tobacco cell culture 467:492 PRX-102 is a novel enzyme for the therapy of Fabry disease expressed in a BY2 Tobacco cell culture. 25155442 0 41 theme cell 48:51 arg1 culture 53:59 a chemically modified plant cell culture 20:59 a chemically modified plant cell culture 20:59 Characterization of a chemically modified plant cell culture expressed human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 12 42 theme characteristic 1754:1767 arg1 pattern 1745:1751 a relatively simple glycosylation pattern 1711:1751 a relatively simple glycosylation pattern 1711:1751 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 9 43 theme significant 1366:1376 arg1 variations 1390:1399 any significant biochemical variations 1362:1399 any significant biochemical variations 1362:1399 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 6 44 theme % 826:826 arg1 activity 828:835 30% activity 824:835 30% activity 824:835 Results show that PRX-102 has prolonged in-vitro stability in plasma, after 1h incubation it retains 30% activity compared with complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes. 25155442 12 45 theme mannose 2026:2032 arg1 structures 2034:2043 high mannose structures 2021:2043 high mannose structures 2021:2043 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 14 46 theme disease 2287:2293 arg1 treatment 2268:2276 treatment 2268:2276 treatment of Fabry disease 2268:2293 Therefore we propose that PRX-102 is a promising alternative for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 7 47 theme lysosomal-like 906:919 arg1 conditions 921:930 lysosomal-like conditions 906:930 lysosomal-like conditions 906:930 Under lysosomal-like conditions PRX-102 maintains over 80% activity following 10 days of incubation, while commercial enzymes become inactive after 2days. 25155442 1 48 theme enzyme 230:235 arg1 α-Galactosidase-A 237:253 the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A 216:253 the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A 216:253 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 4 49 link cross-linked 542:553 arg1 homo-dimer 555:564 a cross-linked homo-dimer 540:564 a cross-linked homo-dimer 540:564 PRX-102 is chemically modified, resulting in a cross-linked homo-dimer. 25155442 5 50 with results 653:659 arg1 enzymes 714:720 the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes 666:720 the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes 666:720 We have characterized the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of PRX-102 and compared the results with the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes. 25155442 3 51 theme cell 481:484 arg1 culture 486:492 a BY2 Tobacco cell culture 467:492 a BY2 Tobacco cell culture 467:492 PRX-102 is a novel enzyme for the therapy of Fabry disease expressed in a BY2 Tobacco cell culture. 25155442 9 52 contain has 1207:1209 arg2 parameters 1243:1252 significantly different kinetic parameters 1211:1252 significantly different kinetic parameters 1211:1252 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 9 52 contain has 1207:1209 arg1 enzyme 1200:1205 The enzyme 1196:1205 The enzyme 1196:1205 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 12 53 theme -linked 1875:1881 arg1 xylose 1883:1888 β(1-2)-linked xylose 1869:1888 β(1-2)-linked xylose 1869:1888 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 6 54 theme in-vitro 763:770 arg1 stability 772:780 prolonged in-vitro stability 753:780 prolonged in-vitro stability 753:780 Results show that PRX-102 has prolonged in-vitro stability in plasma, after 1h incubation it retains 30% activity compared with complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes. 25155442 5 55 theme in-vivo 606:612 arg1 properties 614:623 the in-vitro and in-vivo properties 589:623 the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of PRX-102 589:634 We have characterized the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of PRX-102 and compared the results with the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes. 25155442 6 56 theme 1h 799:800 arg1 incubation 802:811 1h incubation 799:811 1h incubation 799:811 Results show that PRX-102 has prolonged in-vitro stability in plasma, after 1h incubation it retains 30% activity compared with complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes. 25155442 6 57 theme commercial 880:889 arg1 enzymes 891:897 the commercial enzymes 876:897 the commercial enzymes 876:897 Results show that PRX-102 has prolonged in-vitro stability in plasma, after 1h incubation it retains 30% activity compared with complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes. 25155442 11 58 theme various 1565:1571 arg1 tissues 1573:1579 various tissues 1565:1579 various tissues 1565:1579 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 12 59 theme β 1869:1869 arg1 xylose 1883:1888 β(1-2)-linked xylose 1869:1888 β(1-2)-linked xylose 1869:1888 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 13 60 with equivalent 2083:2092 arg1 half-life 2192:2200 prolonged circulatory half-life 2170:2200 prolonged circulatory half-life 2170:2200 This study concludes that PRX-102 is equivalent in functionality to the current ERTs available, with superior stability and prolonged circulatory half-life. 25155442 13 60 with equivalent 2083:2092 arg1 stability 2156:2164 superior stability 2147:2164 superior stability 2147:2164 This study concludes that PRX-102 is equivalent in functionality to the current ERTs available, with superior stability and prolonged circulatory half-life. 25155442 12 61 theme glycans 1998:2004 arg1 mixture 1976:1982 a mixture 1974:1982 a mixture of sialylated glycans 1974:2004 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 5 62 theme produced 687:694 arg1 enzymes 714:720 the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes 666:720 the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes 666:720 We have characterized the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of PRX-102 and compared the results with the two commercially produced α-Galactosidase-A enzymes. 25155442 11 63 theme Gb3 1558:1560 arg1 p-value<0.05 1541:1552 p-value<0.05 1541:1552 p-value<0.05 1541:1552 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 63 theme Gb3 1558:1560 arg1 reduction 1530:1538 significant reduction 1518:1538 significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues 1518:1579 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 8 64 theme approved 1180:1187 arg1 drugs 1189:1193 approved drugs 1180:1193 approved drugs 1180:1193 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice shows a 10 fold increase in t1/2 in mice (581min) compared to approved drugs. 25155442 13 65 theme available 2131:2139 arg1 ERTs 2126:2129 the current ERTs 2114:2129 the current ERTs available 2114:2139 This study concludes that PRX-102 is equivalent in functionality to the current ERTs available, with superior stability and prolonged circulatory half-life. 25155442 12 66 contain has 1707:1709 arg1 PRX-102 1699:1705 PRX-102 1699:1705 PRX-102 1699:1705 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 12 66 contain has 1707:1709 arg2 pattern 1745:1751 a relatively simple glycosylation pattern 1711:1751 a relatively simple glycosylation pattern 1711:1751 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 12 67 gly sialylated 1987:1996 arg1 glycans 1998:2004 sialylated glycans 1987:2004 sialylated glycans 1987:2004 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 1 68 theme function 204:211 arg1 loss 196:199 the loss 192:199 the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A 192:253 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 12 69 theme fucose 1859:1864 arg1 addition 1826:1833 the addition 1822:1833 the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose 1822:1888 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 12 70 contain has 1970:1972 arg1 beta 1965:1968 agalsidase beta 1954:1968 agalsidase beta 1954:1968 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 12 70 contain has 1970:1972 arg2 mixture 1976:1982 a mixture 1974:1982 a mixture of sialylated glycans 1974:2004 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 11 71 theme enzyme 1490:1495 arg1 administration 1468:1481 The repeat administration 1457:1481 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice 1457:1509 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 2 72 theme enzyme 269:274 arg1 ERTs 299:302 ERTs 299:302 ERTs 299:302 Although two enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) are commercially available, they may not effectively reverse some of the Fabry pathology. 25155442 2 72 theme enzyme 269:274 arg1 therapies 288:296 two enzyme replacement therapies 265:296 two enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) 265:303 Although two enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) are commercially available, they may not effectively reverse some of the Fabry pathology. 25155442 1 73 theme Fabry 134:138 arg1 disorder 173:180 an X-linked recessive disorder 151:180 an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A 151:253 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 1 73 theme Fabry 134:138 arg1 disease 140:146 Fabry disease 134:146 Fabry disease 134:146 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 11 74 from % 1685:1685 arg1 kidney 1623:1628 kidney 1623:1628 kidney 1623:1628 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 74 from % 1685:1685 arg1 spleen 1690:1695 spleen 1690:1695 spleen 1690:1695 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 74 from % 1685:1685 arg1 skin 1672:1675 skin 1672:1675 skin 1672:1675 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 74 from % 1685:1685 arg1 heart 1657:1661 heart 1657:1661 heart 1657:1661 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 74 from % 1685:1685 arg1 liver 1631:1635 liver 1631:1635 liver was cleaned 1631:1647 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 0 75 theme human 71:75 arg1 enzyme 95:100 human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme 71:100 human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme for treatment of Fabry disease 71:131 Characterization of a chemically modified plant cell culture expressed human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 11 76 from reduction 1530:1538 arg1 tissues 1573:1579 various tissues 1565:1579 various tissues 1565:1579 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 12 77 theme α 1845:1845 arg1 fucose 1859:1864 α(1-3)-linked fucose 1845:1864 α(1-3)-linked fucose 1845:1864 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 7 78 theme incubation 989:998 arg1 days 981:984 10 days 978:984 10 days of incubation 978:998 Under lysosomal-like conditions PRX-102 maintains over 80% activity following 10 days of incubation, while commercial enzymes become inactive after 2days. 25155442 1 79 theme X-linked 154:161 arg1 disorder 173:180 an X-linked recessive disorder 151:180 an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A 151:253 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 1 79 theme X-linked 154:161 arg1 disease 140:146 Fabry disease 134:146 Fabry disease 134:146 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 0 80 theme disease 125:131 arg1 treatment 106:114 treatment 106:114 treatment of Fabry disease 106:131 Characterization of a chemically modified plant cell culture expressed human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 10 81 theme Fabry 1438:1442 arg1 fibroblasts 1444:1454 primary human Fabry fibroblasts 1424:1454 primary human Fabry fibroblasts 1424:1454 PRX-102 is uptaken to primary human Fabry fibroblasts. 25155442 12 82 theme high 1923:1926 arg1 structures 1936:1945 various high mannose structures 1915:1945 various high mannose structures 1915:1945 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 11 83 theme Fabry 1500:1504 arg1 mice 1506:1509 Fabry mice 1500:1509 Fabry mice 1500:1509 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 8 84 theme Pharmacokinetic 1055:1069 arg1 profile 1071:1077 Pharmacokinetic profile 1055:1077 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice 1055:1116 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice shows a 10 fold increase in t1/2 in mice (581min) compared to approved drugs. 25155442 11 85 from % 1652:1652 arg1 kidney 1623:1628 kidney 1623:1628 kidney 1623:1628 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 85 from % 1652:1652 arg1 spleen 1690:1695 spleen 1690:1695 spleen 1690:1695 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 85 from % 1652:1652 arg1 skin 1672:1675 skin 1672:1675 skin 1672:1675 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 85 from % 1652:1652 arg1 heart 1657:1661 heart 1657:1661 heart 1657:1661 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 85 from % 1652:1652 arg1 liver 1631:1635 liver 1631:1635 liver was cleaned 1631:1647 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 10 86 theme primary 1424:1430 arg1 fibroblasts 1444:1454 primary human Fabry fibroblasts 1424:1454 primary human Fabry fibroblasts 1424:1454 PRX-102 is uptaken to primary human Fabry fibroblasts. 25155442 12 87 theme tri-mannose 1794:1804 arg1 structures 1806:1815 mainly tri-mannose structures 1787:1815 mainly tri-mannose structures 1787:1815 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 0 88 theme Fabry 119:123 arg1 disease 125:131 Fabry disease 119:131 Fabry disease 119:131 Characterization of a chemically modified plant cell culture expressed human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 9 89 theme way 1307:1309 arg1 p-value<0.05 1289:1300 p-value<0.05 1289:1300 p-value<0.05 1289:1300 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 9 89 theme way 1307:1309 arg1 ANOVA 1311:1315 one way ANOVA 1303:1315 one way ANOVA 1303:1315 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 1 90 theme lysosomal 220:228 arg1 α-Galactosidase-A 237:253 the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A 216:253 the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A 216:253 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25155442 7 91 theme % 957:957 arg1 activity 959:966 over 80% activity 950:966 over 80% activity 950:966 Under lysosomal-like conditions PRX-102 maintains over 80% activity following 10 days of incubation, while commercial enzymes become inactive after 2days. 25155442 11 92 theme repeat 1461:1466 arg1 administration 1468:1481 The repeat administration 1457:1481 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice 1457:1509 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 9 93 theme different 1225:1233 arg1 parameters 1243:1252 significantly different kinetic parameters 1211:1252 significantly different kinetic parameters 1211:1252 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 8 94 theme male 1102:1105 arg1 mice 1113:1116 male Fabry mice 1102:1116 male Fabry mice 1102:1116 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice shows a 10 fold increase in t1/2 in mice (581min) compared to approved drugs. 25155442 12 95 link -linked 1875:1881 arg1 xylose 1883:1888 β(1-2)-linked xylose 1869:1888 β(1-2)-linked xylose 1869:1888 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 9 96 dep available 1278:1286 arg1 p-value<0.05 1289:1300 p-value<0.05 1289:1300 p-value<0.05 1289:1300 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 9 96 dep available 1278:1286 arg1 ANOVA 1311:1315 one way ANOVA 1303:1315 one way ANOVA 1303:1315 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 0 97 theme plant 42:46 arg1 culture 53:59 a chemically modified plant cell culture 20:59 a chemically modified plant cell culture 20:59 Characterization of a chemically modified plant cell culture expressed human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 8 98 from t1/2 1146:1149 arg1 581min 1160:1165 581min 1160:1165 581min 1160:1165 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice shows a 10 fold increase in t1/2 in mice (581min) compared to approved drugs. 25155442 8 98 from t1/2 1146:1149 arg1 mice 1154:1157 mice 1154:1157 mice (581min) 1154:1166 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice shows a 10 fold increase in t1/2 in mice (581min) compared to approved drugs. 25155442 3 99 theme novel 408:412 arg1 enzyme 414:419 a novel enzyme 406:419 a novel enzyme for the therapy of Fabry disease expressed in a BY2 Tobacco cell culture 406:492 PRX-102 is a novel enzyme for the therapy of Fabry disease expressed in a BY2 Tobacco cell culture. 25155442 3 99 theme novel 408:412 arg1 PRX-102 395:401 PRX-102 395:401 PRX-102 395:401 PRX-102 is a novel enzyme for the therapy of Fabry disease expressed in a BY2 Tobacco cell culture. 25155442 3 100 theme Fabry 440:444 arg1 disease 446:452 Fabry disease 440:452 Fabry disease expressed in a BY2 Tobacco cell culture 440:492 PRX-102 is a novel enzyme for the therapy of Fabry disease expressed in a BY2 Tobacco cell culture. 25155442 0 101 theme culture 53:59 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a chemically modified plant cell culture 0:59 Characterization of a chemically modified plant cell culture expressed human α-Galactosidase-A enzyme for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 8 102 from increase 1134:1141 arg1 t1/2 1146:1149 t1/2 1146:1149 t1/2 in mice (581min) 1146:1166 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice shows a 10 fold increase in t1/2 in mice (581min) compared to approved drugs. 25155442 12 103 theme simple 1724:1729 arg1 pattern 1745:1751 a relatively simple glycosylation pattern 1711:1751 a relatively simple glycosylation pattern 1711:1751 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 6 104 theme prolonged 753:761 arg1 stability 772:780 prolonged in-vitro stability 753:780 prolonged in-vitro stability 753:780 Results show that PRX-102 has prolonged in-vitro stability in plasma, after 1h incubation it retains 30% activity compared with complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes. 25155442 3 105 theme Tobacco 473:479 arg1 culture 486:492 a BY2 Tobacco cell culture 467:492 a BY2 Tobacco cell culture 467:492 PRX-102 is a novel enzyme for the therapy of Fabry disease expressed in a BY2 Tobacco cell culture. 25155442 8 106 theme fold 1129:1132 arg1 increase 1134:1141 a 10 fold increase 1124:1141 a 10 fold increase in t1/2 in mice (581min) 1124:1166 Pharmacokinetic profile of PRX-102 measured in male Fabry mice shows a 10 fold increase in t1/2 in mice (581min) compared to approved drugs. 25155442 14 107 theme Fabry 2281:2285 arg1 disease 2287:2293 Fabry disease 2281:2293 Fabry disease 2281:2293 Therefore we propose that PRX-102 is a promising alternative for treatment of Fabry disease. 25155442 9 108 theme biochemical 1378:1388 arg1 variations 1390:1399 any significant biochemical variations 1362:1399 any significant biochemical variations 1362:1399 The enzyme has significantly different kinetic parameters to the alternative ERTs available (p-value<0.05, one way ANOVA), although these differences do not indicate any significant biochemical variations. 25155442 6 109 theme 30 824:825 arg1 % 826:826 % 826:826 % 826:826 Results show that PRX-102 has prolonged in-vitro stability in plasma, after 1h incubation it retains 30% activity compared with complete inactivation of the commercial enzymes. 25155442 12 110 theme high 2021:2024 arg1 structures 2034:2043 high mannose structures 2021:2043 high mannose structures 2021:2043 PRX-102 has a relatively simple glycosylation pattern, characteristic to plants, having mainly tri-mannose structures with the addition of either α(1-3)-linked fucose or β(1-2)-linked xylose, or both, in addition to various high mannose structures, while agalsidase beta has a mixture of sialylated glycans in addition to high mannose structures. 25155442 11 111 theme residual 1595:1602 arg1 content 1604:1610 the measured residual content 1582:1610 the measured residual content 1582:1610 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 11 111 theme residual 1595:1602 arg1 % 1618:1618 64% 1616:1618 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned 1616:1647 The repeat administration of the enzyme to Fabry mice caused significant reduction (p-value<0.05) of Gb3 in various tissues (the measured residual content was 64% in kidney, liver was cleaned, 23% in heart, 5.7% in skin and 16.2% in spleen). 25155442 1 112 theme α-Galactosidase-A 237:253 arg1 function 204:211 function 204:211 function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A 204:253 Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase-A. 25263129 9 0 theme last 1275:1278 arg1 meal 1280:1283 the last meal 1271:1283 the last meal 1271:1283 Nutrients recovery differed according to, first, the dietary regime, and second, the last meal received (Cd or Ed). 25263129 4 1 from diet 605:608 arg1 afternoon 617:625 the afternoon 613:625 the afternoon 613:625 The Ed/Cd group received the Ed diet in the morning and the Cd diet in the afternoon, and the Cd/Ed group received these diets in the reverse order. 25263129 4 1 from diet 605:608 arg1 morning 586:592 the morning 582:592 the morning 582:592 The Ed/Cd group received the Ed diet in the morning and the Cd diet in the afternoon, and the Cd/Ed group received these diets in the reverse order. 25263129 2 2 theme timing 270:275 arg1 effects 254:260 The effects 250:260 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream 250:360 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 3 3 from 5pm 423:425 arg1 at 420:421 at 5pm 420:425 at 5pm 420:425 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 8 4 theme next 1110:1113 arg1 mealtimes 1119:1127 the next two mealtimes 1106:1127 the next two mealtimes (PF1: 7 and 24h post-feeding, PF2: 17 and 24h post-feeding) 1106:1187 Fish were sampled at the next two mealtimes (PF1: 7 and 24h post-feeding, PF2: 17 and 24h post-feeding). 25263129 8 4 theme next 1110:1113 arg1 PF1 1130:1132 PF1 1130:1132 PF1 1130:1132 Fish were sampled at the next two mealtimes (PF1: 7 and 24h post-feeding, PF2: 17 and 24h post-feeding). 25263129 6 5 dep experiments 790:800 arg1 PF1 803:805 PF1 803:805 PF1 803:805 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 6 5 dep experiments 790:800 arg1 experiments 790:800 two force-feeding experiments 772:800 two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) 772:814 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 6 5 dep experiments 790:800 arg1 PF2 811:813 PF2 811:813 PF2 811:813 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 2 6 theme meal 265:268 arg1 timing 270:275 meal timing 265:275 meal timing 265:275 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 6 7 theme force-feeding 776:788 arg1 PF1 803:805 PF1 803:805 PF1 803:805 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 6 7 theme force-feeding 776:788 arg1 experiments 790:800 two force-feeding experiments 772:800 two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) 772:814 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 6 7 theme force-feeding 776:788 arg1 PF2 811:813 PF2 811:813 PF2 811:813 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 0 8 theme daily 58:62 arg1 rhythms 64:70 daily rhythms 58:70 daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) 58:124 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 10 9 theme Daily 1306:1310 arg1 intake 1326:1331 Daily lower protein intake 1306:1331 Daily lower protein intake 1306:1331 Daily lower protein intake was compensated with higher protein retention combined with more use of carbohydrates for energy. 25263129 4 10 theme Cd/Ed 636:640 arg1 group 642:646 the Cd/Ed group 632:646 the Cd/Ed group 632:646 The Ed/Cd group received the Ed diet in the morning and the Cd diet in the afternoon, and the Cd/Ed group received these diets in the reverse order. 25263129 10 11 theme higher 1354:1359 arg1 retention 1369:1377 higher protein retention 1354:1377 higher protein retention combined with more use of carbohydrates for energy 1354:1428 Daily lower protein intake was compensated with higher protein retention combined with more use of carbohydrates for energy. 25263129 4 12 theme reverse 676:682 arg1 order 684:688 the reverse order 672:688 the reverse order 672:688 The Ed/Cd group received the Ed diet in the morning and the Cd diet in the afternoon, and the Cd/Ed group received these diets in the reverse order. 25263129 5 13 theme Cd/Cd 695:699 arg1 group 701:705 The Cd/Cd group 691:705 The Cd/Cd group only 691:710 The Cd/Cd group only received the commercial diet (control group). 25263129 2 14 from effects 254:260 arg1 use 314:316 carbohydrate use 301:316 carbohydrate use 301:316 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 2 14 from effects 254:260 arg1 retention 330:338 protein retention 322:338 protein retention 322:338 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 3 15 theme at 420:421 arg1 5pm 423:425 at 5pm 420:425 at 5pm 420:425 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 12 16 theme energy 1541:1546 arg1 production 1548:1557 energy production 1541:1557 energy production 1541:1557 So, the use of carbohydrate for energy production and protein for growth can be improved by adjusting diet composition and mealtime. 25263129 1 17 dep nutrients 218:226 arg1 assimilation 228:239 assimilation 228:239 assimilation 228:239 All functions in animals rely on daily rhythms, and mealtime can act as a rhythm-marker of nutrients assimilation and use. 25263129 1 17 dep nutrients 218:226 arg1 nutrients 218:226 nutrients assimilation and use 218:247 nutrients assimilation and use 218:247 All functions in animals rely on daily rhythms, and mealtime can act as a rhythm-marker of nutrients assimilation and use. 25263129 1 17 dep nutrients 218:226 arg1 use 245:247 use 245:247 use 245:247 All functions in animals rely on daily rhythms, and mealtime can act as a rhythm-marker of nutrients assimilation and use. 25263129 6 18 theme tissue 979:984 arg1 reserves 986:993 tissue reserves 979:993 tissue reserves 979:993 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 3 19 with months 436:441 arg1 diets 464:468 two alternating diets 448:468 two alternating diets 448:468 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 2 20 theme carbohydrate 301:312 arg1 use 314:316 carbohydrate use 301:316 carbohydrate use 301:316 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 9 21 theme Nutrients 1190:1198 arg1 recovery 1200:1207 Nutrients recovery 1190:1207 Nutrients recovery 1190:1207 Nutrients recovery differed according to, first, the dietary regime, and second, the last meal received (Cd or Ed). 25263129 3 22 dep day 406:408 arg1 10am 411:414 10am 411:414 10am 411:414 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 3 22 dep day 406:408 arg1 5pm 423:425 at 5pm 420:425 at 5pm 420:425 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 2 23 theme bream 356:360 arg1 use 314:316 carbohydrate use 301:316 carbohydrate use 301:316 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 2 23 theme bream 356:360 arg1 retention 330:338 protein retention 322:338 protein retention 322:338 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 4 24 from diet 574:577 arg1 afternoon 617:625 the afternoon 613:625 the afternoon 613:625 The Ed/Cd group received the Ed diet in the morning and the Cd diet in the afternoon, and the Cd/Ed group received these diets in the reverse order. 25263129 4 24 from diet 574:577 arg1 morning 586:592 the morning 582:592 the morning 582:592 The Ed/Cd group received the Ed diet in the morning and the Cd diet in the afternoon, and the Cd/Ed group received these diets in the reverse order. 25263129 4 25 theme Ed 571:572 arg1 diet 574:577 the Ed diet 567:577 the Ed diet in the morning 567:592 The Ed/Cd group received the Ed diet in the morning and the Cd diet in the afternoon, and the Cd/Ed group received these diets in the reverse order. 25263129 2 26 theme composition 286:296 arg1 effects 254:260 The effects 250:260 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream 250:360 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 2 27 theme sea 352:354 arg1 bream 356:360 gilthead sea bream 343:360 gilthead sea bream 343:360 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 11 28 used used 1486:1489 arg2 carbohydrates 1445:1457 carbohydrates 1445:1457 carbohydrates from the morning meal 1445:1479 Nevertheless, carbohydrates from the morning meal were used more efficiently. 25263129 0 29 theme use 84:86 arg1 rhythms 64:70 daily rhythms 58:70 daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) 58:124 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 10 30 theme more 1393:1396 arg1 use 1398:1400 more use 1393:1400 more use of carbohydrates for energy 1393:1428 Daily lower protein intake was compensated with higher protein retention combined with more use of carbohydrates for energy. 25263129 5 31 theme control 742:748 arg1 diet 736:739 the commercial diet 721:739 the commercial diet (control group) 721:755 The Cd/Cd group only received the commercial diet (control group). 25263129 5 31 theme control 742:748 arg1 group 750:754 control group 742:754 control group 742:754 The Cd/Cd group only received the commercial diet (control group). 25263129 7 32 from 5pm 1059:1061 arg1 10am 1020:1023 10am 1020:1023 10am (morning mealtime) 1020:1042 In PF1 fish were fed at 10am (morning mealtime), and in PF2 at 5pm (afternoon mealtime). 25263129 7 32 from 5pm 1059:1061 arg1 mealtime 1034:1041 morning mealtime 1026:1041 morning mealtime 1026:1041 In PF1 fish were fed at 10am (morning mealtime), and in PF2 at 5pm (afternoon mealtime). 25263129 2 33 theme gilthead 343:350 arg1 bream 356:360 gilthead sea bream 343:360 gilthead sea bream 343:360 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 0 34 theme nutrient 75:82 arg1 use 84:86 nutrient use 75:86 nutrient use 75:86 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 10 35 theme protein 1361:1367 arg1 retention 1369:1377 higher protein retention 1354:1377 higher protein retention combined with more use of carbohydrates for energy 1354:1428 Daily lower protein intake was compensated with higher protein retention combined with more use of carbohydrates for energy. 25263129 6 36 theme meal 867:870 arg1 fate 850:853 the fate 846:853 the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves 846:993 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 8 37 dep PF1 1130:1132 arg1 post-feeding 1175:1186 17 and 24h post-feeding 1164:1186 17 and 24h post-feeding 1164:1186 Fish were sampled at the next two mealtimes (PF1: 7 and 24h post-feeding, PF2: 17 and 24h post-feeding). 25263129 8 37 dep PF1 1130:1132 arg1 PF2 1159:1161 PF2 1159:1161 PF2 1159:1161 Fish were sampled at the next two mealtimes (PF1: 7 and 24h post-feeding, PF2: 17 and 24h post-feeding). 25263129 8 37 dep PF1 1130:1132 arg1 post-feeding 1145:1156 7 and 24h post-feeding 1135:1156 7 and 24h post-feeding 1135:1156 Fish were sampled at the next two mealtimes (PF1: 7 and 24h post-feeding, PF2: 17 and 24h post-feeding). 25263129 0 38 theme gilthead 91:98 arg1 bream 104:108 gilthead sea bream 91:108 gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) 91:124 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 0 38 theme gilthead 91:98 arg1 aurata 118:123 Sparus aurata 111:123 Sparus aurata 111:123 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 3 39 theme high-carbohydrate 500:516 arg1 Ed 537:538 Ed 537:538 Ed 537:538 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 3 39 theme high-carbohydrate 500:516 arg1 diet 531:534 a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet 498:534 diet 531:534 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 6 40 theme main 963:966 arg1 organs 968:973 the main organs 959:973 the main organs 959:973 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 7 41 theme morning 1026:1032 arg1 10am 1020:1023 10am 1020:1023 10am (morning mealtime) 1020:1042 In PF1 fish were fed at 10am (morning mealtime), and in PF2 at 5pm (afternoon mealtime). 25263129 7 41 theme morning 1026:1032 arg1 mealtime 1034:1041 morning mealtime 1026:1041 morning mealtime 1026:1041 In PF1 fish were fed at 10am (morning mealtime), and in PF2 at 5pm (afternoon mealtime). 25263129 2 42 theme protein 322:328 arg1 retention 330:338 protein retention 322:338 protein retention 322:338 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 12 43 theme carbohydrate 1524:1535 arg1 use 1517:1519 the use 1513:1519 the use of carbohydrate for energy production and protein for growth 1513:1580 So, the use of carbohydrate for energy production and protein for growth can be improved by adjusting diet composition and mealtime. 25263129 1 44 theme nutrients 218:226 arg1 rhythm-marker 201:213 a rhythm-marker 199:213 a rhythm-marker of nutrients assimilation and use 199:247 All functions in animals rely on daily rhythms, and mealtime can act as a rhythm-marker of nutrients assimilation and use. 25263129 1 44 theme nutrients 218:226 arg1 mealtime 179:186 mealtime 179:186 mealtime 179:186 All functions in animals rely on daily rhythms, and mealtime can act as a rhythm-marker of nutrients assimilation and use. 25263129 7 45 theme afternoon 1064:1072 arg1 5pm 1059:1061 5pm 1059:1061 5pm (afternoon mealtime) 1059:1082 In PF1 fish were fed at 10am (morning mealtime), and in PF2 at 5pm (afternoon mealtime). 25263129 7 45 theme afternoon 1064:1072 arg1 mealtime 1074:1081 afternoon mealtime 1064:1081 afternoon mealtime 1064:1081 In PF1 fish were fed at 10am (morning mealtime), and in PF2 at 5pm (afternoon mealtime). 25263129 10 46 theme protein 1318:1324 arg1 intake 1326:1331 Daily lower protein intake 1306:1331 Daily lower protein intake 1306:1331 Daily lower protein intake was compensated with higher protein retention combined with more use of carbohydrates for energy. 25263129 3 47 theme alternating 452:462 arg1 diets 464:468 two alternating diets 448:468 two alternating diets 448:468 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 7 48 theme PF1 999:1001 arg1 fish 1003:1006 PF1 fish 999:1006 PF1 fish 999:1006 In PF1 fish were fed at 10am (morning mealtime), and in PF2 at 5pm (afternoon mealtime). 25263129 9 49 dep received 1285:1292 arg1 Ed 1301:1302 Ed 1301:1302 Ed 1301:1302 Nutrients recovery differed according to, first, the dietary regime, and second, the last meal received (Cd or Ed). 25263129 9 49 dep received 1285:1292 arg1 Cd 1295:1296 Cd 1295:1296 Cd 1295:1296 Nutrients recovery differed according to, first, the dietary regime, and second, the last meal received (Cd or Ed). 25263129 0 50 theme sea 100:102 arg1 bream 104:108 gilthead sea bream 91:108 gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) 91:124 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 0 50 theme sea 100:102 arg1 aurata 118:123 Sparus aurata 111:123 Sparus aurata 111:123 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 6 51 theme isotopes 947:954 arg1 retention 929:937 the retention 925:937 the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves 925:993 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 1 52 from functions 131:139 arg1 animals 144:150 animals 144:150 animals 144:150 All functions in animals rely on daily rhythms, and mealtime can act as a rhythm-marker of nutrients assimilation and use. 25263129 4 53 theme Ed/Cd 546:550 arg1 group 552:556 The Ed/Cd group 542:556 The Ed/Cd group 542:556 The Ed/Cd group received the Ed diet in the morning and the Cd diet in the afternoon, and the Cd/Ed group received these diets in the reverse order. 25263129 0 54 theme Sparus 111:116 arg1 bream 104:108 gilthead sea bream 91:108 gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) 91:124 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 0 54 theme Sparus 111:116 arg1 aurata 118:123 Sparus aurata 111:123 Sparus aurata 111:123 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 0 55 from rhythms 64:70 arg1 bream 104:108 gilthead sea bream 91:108 gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) 91:124 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 0 55 from rhythms 64:70 arg1 aurata 118:123 Sparus aurata 111:123 Sparus aurata 111:123 Diets labelled with (13)C-starch and (15)N-protein reveal daily rhythms of nutrient use in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 25263129 9 56 theme dietary 1243:1249 arg1 regime 1251:1256 the dietary regime 1239:1256 the dietary regime 1239:1256 Nutrients recovery differed according to, first, the dietary regime, and second, the last meal received (Cd or Ed). 25263129 11 57 from meal 1476:1479 arg1 carbohydrates 1445:1457 carbohydrates 1445:1457 carbohydrates from the morning meal 1445:1479 Nevertheless, carbohydrates from the morning meal were used more efficiently. 25263129 10 58 theme lower 1312:1316 arg1 intake 1326:1331 Daily lower protein intake 1306:1331 Daily lower protein intake 1306:1331 Daily lower protein intake was compensated with higher protein retention combined with more use of carbohydrates for energy. 25263129 4 59 theme Cd 602:603 arg1 diet 605:608 the Cd diet 598:608 the Cd diet in the afternoon 598:625 The Ed/Cd group received the Ed diet in the morning and the Cd diet in the afternoon, and the Cd/Ed group received these diets in the reverse order. 25263129 5 60 theme commercial 725:734 arg1 diet 736:739 the commercial diet 721:739 the commercial diet (control group) 721:755 The Cd/Cd group only received the commercial diet (control group). 25263129 5 60 theme commercial 725:734 arg1 group 750:754 control group 742:754 control group 742:754 The Cd/Cd group only received the commercial diet (control group). 25263129 12 61 theme diet 1611:1614 arg1 composition 1616:1626 diet composition 1611:1626 diet composition 1611:1626 So, the use of carbohydrate for energy production and protein for growth can be improved by adjusting diet composition and mealtime. 25263129 1 62 theme daily 160:164 arg1 rhythms 166:172 daily rhythms 160:172 daily rhythms 160:172 All functions in animals rely on daily rhythms, and mealtime can act as a rhythm-marker of nutrients assimilation and use. 25263129 11 63 theme morning 1468:1474 arg1 meal 1476:1479 the morning meal 1464:1479 the morning meal 1464:1479 Nevertheless, carbohydrates from the morning meal were used more efficiently. 25263129 3 64 theme low-protein 519:529 arg1 Ed 537:538 Ed 537:538 Ed 537:538 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 3 64 theme low-protein 519:529 arg1 diet 531:534 a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet 498:534 diet 531:534 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 3 65 theme commercial 473:482 arg1 diet 484:487 a commercial diet 471:487 a commercial diet (Cd) 471:492 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 3 65 theme commercial 473:482 arg1 Cd 490:491 Cd 490:491 Cd 490:491 Three groups were fed twice a day (10am and at 5pm) for two months with two alternating diets: a commercial diet (Cd) and a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (Ed). 25263129 2 66 theme food 281:284 arg1 composition 286:296 food composition 281:296 food composition 281:296 The effects of meal timing and food composition on carbohydrate use and protein retention of gilthead sea bream were studied. 25263129 10 67 theme carbohydrates 1405:1417 arg1 use 1398:1400 more use 1393:1400 more use of carbohydrates for energy 1393:1428 Daily lower protein intake was compensated with higher protein retention combined with more use of carbohydrates for energy. 25263129 6 68 theme single 860:865 arg1 meal 867:870 a single meal 858:870 a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves 858:993 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 6 69 from retention 929:937 arg1 organs 968:973 the main organs 959:973 the main organs 959:973 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25263129 6 69 from retention 929:937 arg1 reserves 986:993 tissue reserves 979:993 tissue reserves 979:993 After 56days, two force-feeding experiments (PF1 and PF2) measured for all three groups the fate of a single meal labelled with (15)N-protein and (13)C-starch through the retention of both isotopes in the main organs and tissue reserves. 25468827 3 0 theme fetal 668:672 arg1 changes 679:685 maternal and fetal bone changes 655:685 maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation 655:702 METHODS Longitudinal data were obtained from 121 pregnant adolescents enrolled in a study designed to identify determinants of maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation. 25468827 7 1 theme Statistical 1076:1086 arg1 determinants 1088:1099 Statistical determinants 1076:1099 Statistical determinants of AbFat during late pregnancy 1076:1130 Statistical determinants of AbFat during late pregnancy were explored using simple and multiple regression. 25468827 11 2 theme Birth 1892:1896 arg1 weight 1898:1903 Birth weight 1892:1903 Birth weight 1892:1903 Birth weight was not significantly associated with maternal intake of added sugars. 25468827 10 3 theme higher 1872:1877 arg1 AbFat 1885:1889 significantly higher fetal AbFat 1858:1889 significantly higher fetal AbFat 1858:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 12 4 with accumulation 2058:2069 arg1 effect 2110:2115 little net effect 2099:2115 little net effect on birth weight 2099:2131 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 10 5 theme positive 1706:1713 arg1 relationship 1725:1736 a significant positive quadratic relationship 1692:1736 a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat 1692:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 11 6 theme sugars 1968:1973 arg1 intake 1952:1957 maternal intake 1943:1957 maternal intake of added sugars 1943:1973 Birth weight was not significantly associated with maternal intake of added sugars. 25468827 5 7 theme 24 h 836:839 arg1 recalls 849:855 24 h dietary recalls 836:855 24 h dietary recalls 836:855 Maternal anthropometrics, 24 h dietary recalls and measures of fetal biometry were obtained at each visit. 25468827 10 8 theme dietary 1758:1764 arg1 intake 1772:1777 total maternal dietary sugar intake 1743:1777 total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat 1743:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 9 9 dep P=0.025 1640:1646 arg1 % 1651:1651 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5 1649:1672 % 1651:1651 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 13 10 theme fetal 2225:2229 arg1 composition 2236:2246 fetal body composition 2225:2246 fetal body composition 2225:2246 This finding suggests that increased sugar consumption during pregnancy promotes shifts in fetal body composition. 25468827 10 11 theme total 1743:1747 arg1 intake 1772:1777 total maternal dietary sugar intake 1743:1777 total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat 1743:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 3 12 theme Longitudinal 536:547 arg1 data 549:552 Longitudinal data 536:552 METHODS Longitudinal data 528:552 METHODS Longitudinal data were obtained from 121 pregnant adolescents enrolled in a study designed to identify determinants of maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation. 25468827 6 13 theme abdominal 923:931 arg1 thickness 938:946 Fetal abdominal wall thickness 917:946 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat) 917:992 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 6 13 theme abdominal 923:931 arg1 measure 997:1003 a measure 995:1003 a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat 995:1029 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 3 14 theme pregnant 577:584 arg1 adolescents 586:596 121 pregnant adolescents 573:596 121 pregnant adolescents enrolled in a study designed to identify determinants of maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation 573:702 METHODS Longitudinal data were obtained from 121 pregnant adolescents enrolled in a study designed to identify determinants of maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation. 25468827 10 15 theme Fetal 1676:1680 arg1 AbFat 1682:1686 Fetal AbFat 1676:1686 Fetal AbFat 1676:1686 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 1 16 theme BACKGROUND 120:129 arg1 diet 181:184 diet 181:184 diet 181:184 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 1 16 theme BACKGROUND 120:129 arg1 gain 197:200 weight gain 190:200 weight gain 190:200 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 1 16 theme BACKGROUND 120:129 arg1 factors 147:153 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors 120:153 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors 120:153 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 13 17 theme body 2231:2234 arg1 composition 2236:2246 fetal body composition 2225:2246 fetal body composition 2225:2246 This finding suggests that increased sugar consumption during pregnancy promotes shifts in fetal body composition. 25468827 10 18 theme high 1802:1805 arg1 extremes 1807:1814 both low and high extremes 1789:1814 both low and high extremes of sugar consumption 1789:1835 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 1 19 theme risk 142:145 arg1 diet 181:184 diet 181:184 diet 181:184 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 1 19 theme risk 142:145 arg1 gain 197:200 weight gain 190:200 weight gain 190:200 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 1 19 theme risk 142:145 arg1 factors 147:153 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors 120:153 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors 120:153 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 6 20 dep thickness 938:946 arg1 AbFat 987:991 AbFat 987:991 AbFat 987:991 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 6 20 dep thickness 938:946 arg1 thickness 976:984 abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness 949:984 abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness 949:984 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 10 21 theme low 1794:1796 arg1 extremes 1807:1814 both low and high extremes 1789:1814 both low and high extremes of sugar consumption 1789:1835 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 0 22 theme central 55:61 arg1 accretion 73:81 central adiposity accretion 55:81 central adiposity accretion 55:81 Maternal diet but not gestational weight gain predicts central adiposity accretion in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 9 23 theme infant 1407:1412 arg1 weight 1420:1425 infant birth weight 1407:1425 infant birth weight 1407:1425 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 2 24 theme dietary 456:462 arg1 intake 464:469 dietary intake 456:469 dietary intake during pregnancy 456:486 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 12 25 theme fat 2090:2092 arg1 accumulation 2058:2069 increased accumulation 2048:2069 increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight 2048:2131 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 10 26 theme consumption 1825:1835 arg1 extremes 1807:1814 both low and high extremes 1789:1814 both low and high extremes of sugar consumption 1789:1835 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 5 27 theme fetal 873:877 arg1 biometry 879:886 fetal biometry 873:886 fetal biometry 873:886 Maternal anthropometrics, 24 h dietary recalls and measures of fetal biometry were obtained at each visit. 25468827 6 28 theme fat 972:974 arg1 AbFat 987:991 AbFat 987:991 AbFat 987:991 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 6 28 theme fat 972:974 arg1 thickness 976:984 abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness 949:984 abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness 949:984 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 2 29 theme fat 504:506 arg1 accretion 508:516 fetal fat accretion 498:516 fetal fat accretion 498:516 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 12 30 theme little 2099:2104 arg1 effect 2110:2115 little net effect 2099:2115 little net effect on birth weight 2099:2131 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 7 31 theme multiple 1163:1170 arg1 regression 1172:1181 simple and multiple regression 1152:1181 simple and multiple regression 1152:1181 Statistical determinants of AbFat during late pregnancy were explored using simple and multiple regression. 25468827 1 32 theme pregnant 333:340 arg1 adolescents 342:352 pregnant adolescents 333:352 pregnant adolescents 333:352 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 6 33 theme abdominal 949:957 arg1 fat 972:974 abdominal subcutaneous fat 949:974 abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness 949:984 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 8 34 theme fetal 1302:1306 arg1 range 1295:1299 inter-quartile range 1280:1299 inter-quartile range 1280:1299 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 8 34 theme fetal 1302:1306 arg1 AbFat 1308:1312 the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat 1268:1312 the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat 1268:1312 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 2 35 theme maternal 386:393 arg1 BMI 409:411 maternal pre-pregnancy BMI 386:411 maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI) 386:419 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 2 35 theme maternal 386:393 arg1 ppBMI 414:418 ppBMI 414:418 ppBMI 414:418 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 0 36 theme pregnant 98:105 arg1 adolescents 107:117 pregnant adolescents 98:117 pregnant adolescents 98:117 Maternal diet but not gestational weight gain predicts central adiposity accretion in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 0 37 theme weight 34:39 arg1 gain 41:44 gestational weight gain 22:44 Maternal diet but not gestational weight gain 0:44 Maternal diet but not gestational weight gain predicts central adiposity accretion in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 8 38 dep weeks 1224:1228 arg1 weeks 1247:1251 range 31.0-40.6 weeks 1231:1251 34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation 1215:1264 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 2 39 theme weight 434:439 arg1 GWG 447:449 GWG 447:449 GWG 447:449 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 2 39 theme weight 434:439 arg1 gain 441:444 gestational weight gain 422:444 gestational weight gain (GWG) 422:450 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 12 40 theme fetal 2074:2078 arg1 fat 2090:2092 fetal abdominal fat 2074:2092 fetal abdominal fat 2074:2092 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 4 41 theme 13-18 723:727 arg1 years 729:733 ages 13-18 years 718:733 ages 13-18 years 718:733 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) completed up to three study visits during early, mid- and late gestation. 25468827 4 41 theme 13-18 723:727 arg1 Adolescents 705:715 Adolescents 705:715 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) 705:734 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) completed up to three study visits during early, mid- and late gestation. 25468827 0 42 theme Maternal 0:7 arg1 diet 9:12 Maternal diet 0:12 Maternal diet but not gestational weight gain 0:44 Maternal diet but not gestational weight gain predicts central adiposity accretion in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 12 43 theme birth 2120:2124 arg1 weight 2126:2131 birth weight 2120:2131 birth weight 2120:2131 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 9 44 theme fetal 1468:1472 arg1 AbFat 1474:1478 fetal AbFat 1468:1478 fetal AbFat 1468:1478 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 6 45 theme subcutaneous 1014:1025 arg1 fat 1027:1029 fetal subcutaneous fat 1008:1029 fetal subcutaneous fat 1008:1029 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 9 46 theme added 1627:1631 arg1 P=0.025 1640:1646 P=0.025 1640:1646 P=0.025 1640:1646 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 9 46 theme added 1627:1631 arg1 sugar 1633:1637 added sugar 1627:1637 added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5) 1627:1673 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 13 47 from shifts 2215:2220 arg1 composition 2236:2246 fetal body composition 2225:2246 fetal body composition 2225:2246 This finding suggests that increased sugar consumption during pregnancy promotes shifts in fetal body composition. 25468827 3 48 dep METHODS 528:534 arg1 data 549:552 Longitudinal data 536:552 METHODS Longitudinal data 528:552 METHODS Longitudinal data were obtained from 121 pregnant adolescents enrolled in a study designed to identify determinants of maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation. 25468827 4 49 theme mid- 785:788 arg1 gestation 799:807 early, mid- and late gestation 778:807 early, mid- and late gestation 778:807 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) completed up to three study visits during early, mid- and late gestation. 25468827 0 50 theme gestational 22:32 arg1 gain 41:44 gestational weight gain 22:44 Maternal diet but not gestational weight gain 0:44 Maternal diet but not gestational weight gain predicts central adiposity accretion in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 4 51 theme late 794:797 arg1 gestation 799:807 early, mid- and late gestation 778:807 early, mid- and late gestation 778:807 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) completed up to three study visits during early, mid- and late gestation. 25468827 12 52 from effect 2110:2115 arg1 weight 2126:2131 birth weight 2120:2131 birth weight 2120:2131 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 1 53 theme fetal 296:300 arg1 acquisition 306:316 fetal fat acquisition 296:316 fetal fat acquisition 296:316 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 7 54 theme simple 1152:1157 arg1 regression 1172:1181 simple and multiple regression 1152:1181 simple and multiple regression 1152:1181 Statistical determinants of AbFat during late pregnancy were explored using simple and multiple regression. 25468827 13 55 theme increased 2161:2169 arg1 consumption 2177:2187 increased sugar consumption 2161:2187 increased sugar consumption during pregnancy 2161:2204 This finding suggests that increased sugar consumption during pregnancy promotes shifts in fetal body composition. 25468827 4 56 theme early 778:782 arg1 gestation 799:807 early, mid- and late gestation 778:807 early, mid- and late gestation 778:807 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) completed up to three study visits during early, mid- and late gestation. 25468827 8 57 theme late 1199:1202 arg1 pregnancy 1204:1212 late pregnancy 1199:1212 late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation) 1199:1265 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 1 58 theme fetal 223:227 arg1 weight 235:240 fetal birth weight 223:240 fetal birth weight 223:240 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 9 59 theme confidence 1520:1529 arg1 interval 1531:1538 95% confidence interval 1516:1538 95% confidence interval 1516:1538 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 10 60 theme fetal 1879:1883 arg1 AbFat 1885:1889 significantly higher fetal AbFat 1858:1889 significantly higher fetal AbFat 1858:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 3 61 theme bone 674:677 arg1 changes 679:685 maternal and fetal bone changes 655:685 maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation 655:702 METHODS Longitudinal data were obtained from 121 pregnant adolescents enrolled in a study designed to identify determinants of maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation. 25468827 12 62 theme sugar 1995:1999 arg1 intakes 2001:2007 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes 1976:2007 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents 1976:2034 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 10 63 theme quadratic 1715:1723 arg1 relationship 1725:1736 a significant positive quadratic relationship 1692:1736 a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat 1692:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 11 64 theme maternal 1943:1950 arg1 intake 1952:1957 maternal intake 1943:1957 maternal intake of added sugars 1943:1973 Birth weight was not significantly associated with maternal intake of added sugars. 25468827 10 65 dep associated 1842:1851 arg1 such 1779:1782 such 1779:1782 such 1779:1782 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 10 66 contain had 1688:1690 arg2 relationship 1725:1736 a significant positive quadratic relationship 1692:1736 a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat 1692:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 10 66 contain had 1688:1690 arg1 AbFat 1682:1686 Fetal AbFat 1676:1686 Fetal AbFat 1676:1686 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 9 67 dep P<0.0001 1506:1513 arg1 CI 1541:1542 CI 1541:1542 CI 1541:1542 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 9 67 dep P<0.0001 1506:1513 arg1 interval 1531:1538 95% confidence interval 1516:1538 95% confidence interval 1516:1538 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 10 68 theme significant 1694:1704 arg1 relationship 1725:1736 a significant positive quadratic relationship 1692:1736 a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat 1692:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 5 69 theme dietary 841:847 arg1 recalls 849:855 24 h dietary recalls 836:855 24 h dietary recalls 836:855 Maternal anthropometrics, 24 h dietary recalls and measures of fetal biometry were obtained at each visit. 25468827 10 70 theme maternal 1749:1756 arg1 intake 1772:1777 total maternal dietary sugar intake 1743:1777 total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat 1743:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 1 71 theme weight 190:195 arg1 gain 197:200 weight gain 190:200 weight gain 190:200 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 6 72 theme wall 933:936 arg1 thickness 938:946 Fetal abdominal wall thickness 917:946 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat) 917:992 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 6 72 theme wall 933:936 arg1 measure 997:1003 a measure 995:1003 a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat 995:1029 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 9 73 theme maternal 1558:1565 arg1 race 1567:1570 maternal race 1558:1570 maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) 1558:1603 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 9 73 theme maternal 1558:1565 arg1 P=0.029 1573:1579 P=0.029 1573:1579 P=0.029 1573:1579 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 5 74 theme Maternal 810:817 arg1 anthropometrics 819:833 Maternal anthropometrics 810:833 Maternal anthropometrics 810:833 Maternal anthropometrics, 24 h dietary recalls and measures of fetal biometry were obtained at each visit. 25468827 6 75 theme Fetal 917:921 arg1 thickness 938:946 Fetal abdominal wall thickness 917:946 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat) 917:992 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 6 75 theme Fetal 917:921 arg1 measure 997:1003 a measure 995:1003 a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat 995:1029 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 8 76 theme range 1231:1235 arg1 weeks 1247:1251 range 31.0-40.6 weeks 1231:1251 34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation 1215:1264 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 5 77 theme biometry 879:886 arg1 anthropometrics 819:833 Maternal anthropometrics 810:833 Maternal anthropometrics 810:833 Maternal anthropometrics, 24 h dietary recalls and measures of fetal biometry were obtained at each visit. 25468827 5 77 theme biometry 879:886 arg1 measures 861:868 measures 861:868 measures of fetal biometry 861:886 Maternal anthropometrics, 24 h dietary recalls and measures of fetal biometry were obtained at each visit. 25468827 5 77 theme biometry 879:886 arg1 recalls 849:855 24 h dietary recalls 836:855 24 h dietary recalls 836:855 Maternal anthropometrics, 24 h dietary recalls and measures of fetal biometry were obtained at each visit. 25468827 10 78 theme sugar 1766:1770 arg1 intake 1772:1777 total maternal dietary sugar intake 1743:1777 total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat 1743:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 1 79 theme Modifiable 131:140 arg1 diet 181:184 diet 181:184 diet 181:184 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 1 79 theme Modifiable 131:140 arg1 gain 197:200 weight gain 190:200 weight gain 190:200 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 1 79 theme Modifiable 131:140 arg1 factors 147:153 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors 120:153 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors 120:153 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 8 80 theme gestation 1256:1264 arg1 weeks 1247:1251 range 31.0-40.6 weeks 1231:1251 34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation 1215:1264 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 0 81 theme adiposity 63:71 arg1 accretion 73:81 central adiposity accretion 55:81 central adiposity accretion 55:81 Maternal diet but not gestational weight gain predicts central adiposity accretion in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 4 82 dep three 752:756 arg1 to 749:750 to 749:750 to 749:750 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) completed up to three study visits during early, mid- and late gestation. 25468827 10 83 dep intake 1772:1777 arg1 associated 1842:1851 associated 1842:1851 were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat 1837:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 9 84 theme birth 1414:1418 arg1 weight 1420:1425 infant birth weight 1407:1425 infant birth weight 1407:1425 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 12 85 theme net 2106:2108 arg1 effect 2110:2115 little net effect 2099:2115 little net effect on birth weight 2099:2131 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 8 86 theme median 1272:1277 arg1 range 1295:1299 inter-quartile range 1280:1299 inter-quartile range 1280:1299 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 8 86 theme median 1272:1277 arg1 AbFat 1308:1312 the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat 1268:1312 the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat 1268:1312 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 10 87 theme sugar 1819:1823 arg1 consumption 1825:1835 sugar consumption 1819:1835 sugar consumption 1819:1835 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 6 88 theme subcutaneous 959:970 arg1 fat 972:974 abdominal subcutaneous fat 949:974 abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness 949:984 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 2 89 theme fetal 498:502 arg1 accretion 508:516 fetal fat accretion 498:516 fetal fat accretion 498:516 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 8 90 theme inter-quartile 1280:1293 arg1 range 1295:1299 inter-quartile range 1280:1299 inter-quartile range 1280:1299 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 8 90 theme inter-quartile 1280:1293 arg1 AbFat 1308:1312 the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat 1268:1312 the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat 1268:1312 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 9 91 dep P=0.029 1573:1579 arg1 % 1584:1584 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002 1582:1602 % 1584:1584 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 9 92 theme dietary 1609:1615 arg1 intake 1617:1622 dietary intake 1609:1622 dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5) 1609:1673 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 12 93 theme abdominal 2080:2088 arg1 fat 2090:2092 fetal abdominal fat 2074:2092 fetal abdominal fat 2074:2092 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 6 94 theme fat 1027:1029 arg1 thickness 938:946 Fetal abdominal wall thickness 917:946 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat) 917:992 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 6 94 theme fat 1027:1029 arg1 measure 997:1003 a measure 995:1003 a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat 995:1029 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 2 95 theme gestational 422:432 arg1 GWG 447:449 GWG 447:449 GWG 447:449 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 2 95 theme gestational 422:432 arg1 gain 441:444 gestational weight gain 422:444 gestational weight gain (GWG) 422:450 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 4 96 theme ages 718:721 arg1 years 729:733 ages 13-18 years 718:733 ages 13-18 years 718:733 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) completed up to three study visits during early, mid- and late gestation. 25468827 4 96 theme ages 718:721 arg1 Adolescents 705:715 Adolescents 705:715 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) 705:734 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) completed up to three study visits during early, mid- and late gestation. 25468827 7 97 theme late 1117:1120 arg1 pregnancy 1122:1130 late pregnancy 1117:1130 late pregnancy 1117:1130 Statistical determinants of AbFat during late pregnancy were explored using simple and multiple regression. 25468827 13 98 theme sugar 2171:2175 arg1 consumption 2177:2187 increased sugar consumption 2161:2187 increased sugar consumption during pregnancy 2161:2204 This finding suggests that increased sugar consumption during pregnancy promotes shifts in fetal body composition. 25468827 8 99 dep pregnancy 1204:1212 arg1 weeks 1224:1228 34.8±2.0 weeks 1215:1228 34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation 1215:1264 RESULTS During late pregnancy (34.8±2.0 weeks; range 31.0-40.6 weeks of gestation), the median (inter-quartile range) fetal AbFat and GWG were 0.44 (0.39, 0.55) cm and 14.6 (9.5, 18.3) kg, respectively. 25468827 6 100 theme fetal 1008:1012 arg1 fat 1027:1029 fetal subcutaneous fat 1008:1029 fetal subcutaneous fat 1008:1029 Fetal abdominal wall thickness (abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, AbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, was calculated by sonography at each visit. 25468827 9 101 theme sugar 1633:1637 arg1 race 1567:1570 maternal race 1558:1570 maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) 1558:1603 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 9 101 theme sugar 1633:1637 arg1 intake 1617:1622 dietary intake 1609:1622 dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5) 1609:1673 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 9 101 theme sugar 1633:1637 arg1 P<0.0001 1506:1513 P<0.0001 1506:1513 P<0.0001 1506:1513 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 9 101 theme sugar 1633:1637 arg1 age 1501:1503 gestational age 1489:1503 gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03) 1489:1555 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 9 101 theme sugar 1633:1637 arg1 P=0.029 1573:1579 P=0.029 1573:1579 P=0.029 1573:1579 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 12 102 theme increased 2048:2056 arg1 accumulation 2058:2069 increased accumulation 2048:2069 increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight 2048:2131 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 12 103 theme pregnant 2015:2022 arg1 adolescents 2024:2034 pregnant adolescents 2015:2034 pregnant adolescents 2015:2034 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 7 104 theme AbFat 1104:1108 arg1 determinants 1088:1099 Statistical determinants 1076:1099 Statistical determinants of AbFat during late pregnancy 1076:1130 Statistical determinants of AbFat during late pregnancy were explored using simple and multiple regression. 25468827 9 105 theme gestational 1489:1499 arg1 P<0.0001 1506:1513 P<0.0001 1506:1513 P<0.0001 1506:1513 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 9 105 theme gestational 1489:1499 arg1 age 1501:1503 gestational age 1489:1503 gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03) 1489:1555 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 10 106 with relationship 1725:1736 arg1 intake 1772:1777 total maternal dietary sugar intake 1743:1777 total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat 1743:1889 Fetal AbFat had a significant positive quadratic relationship with total maternal dietary sugar intake such that both low and high extremes of sugar consumption were associated with significantly higher fetal AbFat. 25468827 2 107 theme pre-pregnancy 395:407 arg1 BMI 409:411 maternal pre-pregnancy BMI 386:411 maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI) 386:419 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 2 107 theme pre-pregnancy 395:407 arg1 ppBMI 414:418 ppBMI 414:418 ppBMI 414:418 OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and dietary intake during pregnancy influence fetal fat accretion in utero. 25468827 3 108 theme maternal 655:662 arg1 changes 679:685 maternal and fetal bone changes 655:685 maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation 655:702 METHODS Longitudinal data were obtained from 121 pregnant adolescents enrolled in a study designed to identify determinants of maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation. 25468827 12 109 theme Extreme 1987:1993 arg1 intakes 2001:2007 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes 1976:2007 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents 1976:2034 CONCLUSION Extreme sugar intakes among pregnant adolescents may lead to increased accumulation of fetal abdominal fat with little net effect on birth weight. 25468827 1 110 theme fat 302:304 arg1 acquisition 306:316 fetal fat acquisition 296:316 fetal fat acquisition 296:316 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 25468827 4 111 theme study 758:762 arg1 visits 764:769 up to three study visits 746:769 up to three study visits 746:769 Adolescents (ages 13-18 years) completed up to three study visits during early, mid- and late gestation. 25468827 9 112 theme % 1518:1518 arg1 interval 1531:1538 95% confidence interval 1516:1538 95% confidence interval 1516:1538 After adjusting for infant birth weight, variables significantly associated with fetal AbFat included gestational age (P<0.0001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01, 0.03), maternal race (P=0.029, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.002) and dietary intake of added sugar (P=0.025, 95% CI: 1.42e-6, 2.06e-5). 25468827 3 113 theme changes 679:685 arg1 determinants 639:650 determinants 639:650 determinants of maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation 639:702 METHODS Longitudinal data were obtained from 121 pregnant adolescents enrolled in a study designed to identify determinants of maternal and fetal bone changes across gestation. 25468827 11 114 theme added 1962:1966 arg1 sugars 1968:1973 added sugars 1962:1973 added sugars 1962:1973 Birth weight was not significantly associated with maternal intake of added sugars. 25468827 1 115 theme birth 229:233 arg1 weight 235:240 fetal birth weight 223:240 fetal birth weight 223:240 BACKGROUND Modifiable risk factors during pregnancy, such as diet and weight gain, are associated with fetal birth weight but little is known about how these factors influence fetal fat acquisition in utero among pregnant adolescents. 27063849 10 0 theme OP-Gel-NS 1616:1624 arg1 dressings 1656:1664 the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings 1612:1664 the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity 1612:1695 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 10 0 theme OP-Gel-NS 1616:1624 arg1 nature 1722:1727 sustained antimicrobial nature 1698:1727 sustained antimicrobial nature 1698:1727 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 10 1 theme viable 1814:1819 arg1 candidates 1821:1830 viable candidates 1814:1830 viable candidates for effective management 1814:1855 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 8 2 theme OP-Gel-NS 1277:1285 arg1 dressings 1287:1295 the OP-Gel-NS dressings 1273:1295 the OP-Gel-NS dressings 1273:1295 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 0 3 theme wound 75:79 arg1 healing 81:87 accelerated wound healing 63:87 accelerated wound healing 63:87 Drug loaded composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks for accelerated wound healing. 27063849 10 4 dep nature 1722:1727 arg1 lead 1773:1776 lead 1773:1776 lead to rapid healing 1773:1793 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 10 4 dep nature 1722:1727 arg1 promote 1730:1736 promote 1730:1736 promote cell growth and proliferation 1730:1766 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 6 5 theme 3.75μg/cm 906:914 arg1 loadings 894:901 extremely low loadings 880:901 extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2) 880:917 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 1 6 theme oxidized 171:178 arg1 fabric 221:226 oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric 171:226 oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric 171:226 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings have been designed and fabricated using oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric. 27063849 10 7 theme biocomposite 1643:1654 arg1 dressings 1656:1664 the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings 1612:1664 the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity 1612:1695 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 10 7 theme biocomposite 1643:1654 arg1 nature 1722:1727 sustained antimicrobial nature 1698:1727 sustained antimicrobial nature 1698:1727 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 10 8 theme good 1677:1680 arg1 hydrophilicity 1682:1695 good hydrophilicity 1677:1695 good hydrophilicity 1677:1695 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 6 9 theme drug 975:978 arg1 loading 980:986 1% drug loading 972:986 1% drug loading 972:986 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 10 10 theme OP-Gel-Cipro 1630:1641 arg1 dressings 1656:1664 the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings 1612:1664 the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity 1612:1695 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 10 10 theme OP-Gel-Cipro 1630:1641 arg1 nature 1722:1727 sustained antimicrobial nature 1698:1727 sustained antimicrobial nature 1698:1727 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 2 11 theme cytocompatibility 289:305 arg1 virtues 251:257 their inherent virtues 236:257 their inherent virtues of antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility 236:305 Due to their inherent virtues of antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility, these composite structures are capable of redirecting the healing cascade and influencing cell attachment and proliferation. 27063849 6 12 theme % 973:973 arg1 loading 980:986 1% drug loading 972:986 1% drug loading 972:986 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 8 13 theme excisional 1190:1199 arg1 wounds 1201:1206 Full thickness excisional wounds 1175:1206 Full thickness excisional wounds 1175:1206 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 2 14 theme activity 276:283 arg1 virtues 251:257 their inherent virtues 236:257 their inherent virtues of antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility 236:305 Due to their inherent virtues of antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility, these composite structures are capable of redirecting the healing cascade and influencing cell attachment and proliferation. 27063849 9 15 theme organized 1508:1516 arg1 deposition 1527:1536 organized collagen deposition 1508:1536 organized collagen deposition 1508:1536 Histological examination revealed that OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro treatment led to organized collagen deposition, neovascularization and nuclei migration, unlike Bactigras(®). 27063849 8 16 theme healing 1252:1258 arg1 potential 1260:1268 the wound healing potential 1242:1268 the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings 1242:1295 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 6 17 theme 1 972:972 arg1 % 973:973 % 973:973 % 973:973 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 4 18 theme biological 680:689 arg1 tissues 691:697 the surrounding biological tissues 664:697 the surrounding biological tissues 664:697 This encapsulation technology controls the diffusion and permeation of nanosilver into the surrounding biological tissues. 27063849 2 19 theme antimicrobial 262:274 arg1 activity 276:283 antimicrobial activity 262:283 antimicrobial activity 262:283 Due to their inherent virtues of antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility, these composite structures are capable of redirecting the healing cascade and influencing cell attachment and proliferation. 27063849 1 20 theme pectin 180:185 arg1 fabric 221:226 oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric 171:226 oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric 171:226 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings have been designed and fabricated using oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric. 27063849 8 21 theme wound 1246:1250 arg1 healing 1252:1258 the wound healing 1242:1258 the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings 1242:1295 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 6 22 theme OP-Gel-Cipro 920:931 arg1 dressings 933:941 OP-Gel-Cipro dressings 920:941 OP-Gel-Cipro dressings 920:941 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 9 23 theme OP-Gel-NS 1464:1472 arg1 treatment 1491:1499 OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro treatment 1464:1499 treatment 1491:1499 Histological examination revealed that OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro treatment led to organized collagen deposition, neovascularization and nuclei migration, unlike Bactigras(®). 27063849 3 24 theme reduction 449:457 arg1 process 459:465 A novel in situ reduction process 433:465 A novel in situ reduction process 433:465 A novel in situ reduction process has been followed to synthesize oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosilver (OP-Gel-NS) flower like nanohydrocolloids. 27063849 10 25 theme antimicrobial 1708:1720 arg1 dressings 1656:1664 the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings 1612:1664 the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity 1612:1695 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 10 25 theme antimicrobial 1708:1720 arg1 nature 1722:1727 sustained antimicrobial nature 1698:1727 sustained antimicrobial nature 1698:1727 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 8 26 theme C57BL/6J 1224:1231 arg1 mice 1233:1236 C57BL/6J mice 1224:1236 C57BL/6J mice 1224:1236 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 7 27 theme complete 1159:1166 arg1 lysis 1168:1172 complete lysis 1159:1172 complete lysis 1159:1172 While NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts proliferated remarkably well when cultured with OP-Gel and OP-Gel-Cipro dressings, OP-Gel-NS hindered cell growth and Bactigras(®) induced complete lysis. 27063849 6 28 from loading 980:986 arg1 antimicrobial 955:967 antimicrobial 955:967 antimicrobial 955:967 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 2 29 theme composite 314:322 arg1 structures 324:333 these composite structures 308:333 these composite structures 308:333 Due to their inherent virtues of antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility, these composite structures are capable of redirecting the healing cascade and influencing cell attachment and proliferation. 27063849 3 30 theme novel 435:439 arg1 process 459:465 A novel in situ reduction process 433:465 A novel in situ reduction process 433:465 A novel in situ reduction process has been followed to synthesize oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosilver (OP-Gel-NS) flower like nanohydrocolloids. 27063849 10 31 theme sustained 1698:1706 arg1 dressings 1656:1664 the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings 1612:1664 the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity 1612:1695 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 10 31 theme sustained 1698:1706 arg1 nature 1722:1727 sustained antimicrobial nature 1698:1727 sustained antimicrobial nature 1698:1727 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 5 32 theme Ciprofloxacin 700:712 arg1 hydrochloride 714:726 Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride 700:726 Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride 700:726 Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride has also been incorporated into the OP-Gel matrix to produce OP-Gel-Cipro dressings. 27063849 7 33 theme NIH3T3 995:1000 arg1 fibroblasts 1008:1018 NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts 995:1018 NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts 995:1018 While NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts proliferated remarkably well when cultured with OP-Gel and OP-Gel-Cipro dressings, OP-Gel-NS hindered cell growth and Bactigras(®) induced complete lysis. 27063849 1 34 theme Biocomposite 90:101 arg1 dressings 121:129 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings 90:129 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings 90:129 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings have been designed and fabricated using oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric. 27063849 3 35 theme in 441:442 arg1 process 459:465 A novel in situ reduction process 433:465 A novel in situ reduction process 433:465 A novel in situ reduction process has been followed to synthesize oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosilver (OP-Gel-NS) flower like nanohydrocolloids. 27063849 0 36 theme oxidized 22:29 arg1 networks 50:57 composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks 12:57 composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks 12:57 Drug loaded composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks for accelerated wound healing. 27063849 4 37 theme encapsulation 582:594 arg1 technology 596:605 This encapsulation technology 577:605 This encapsulation technology 577:605 This encapsulation technology controls the diffusion and permeation of nanosilver into the surrounding biological tissues. 27063849 6 38 theme low 890:892 arg1 loadings 894:901 extremely low loadings 880:901 extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2) 880:917 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 1 39 theme interactive 103:113 arg1 dressings 121:129 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings 90:129 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings 90:129 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings have been designed and fabricated using oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric. 27063849 7 40 dep OP-Gel 1068:1073 arg1 dressings 1092:1100 dressings 1092:1100 dressings 1092:1100 While NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts proliferated remarkably well when cultured with OP-Gel and OP-Gel-Cipro dressings, OP-Gel-NS hindered cell growth and Bactigras(®) induced complete lysis. 27063849 8 41 theme OP-Gel-Cipro 1345:1356 arg1 dressings 1358:1366 OP-Gel-Cipro dressings 1345:1366 OP-Gel-Cipro dressings 1345:1366 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 0 42 theme composite 12:20 arg1 networks 50:57 composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks 12:57 composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks 12:57 Drug loaded composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks for accelerated wound healing. 27063849 7 43 theme mouse 1002:1006 arg1 fibroblasts 1008:1018 NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts 995:1018 NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts 995:1018 While NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts proliferated remarkably well when cultured with OP-Gel and OP-Gel-Cipro dressings, OP-Gel-NS hindered cell growth and Bactigras(®) induced complete lysis. 27063849 1 44 theme wound 115:119 arg1 dressings 121:129 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings 90:129 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings 90:129 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings have been designed and fabricated using oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric. 27063849 1 45 theme gelatin 193:199 arg1 fabric 221:226 oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric 171:226 oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric 171:226 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings have been designed and fabricated using oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric. 27063849 8 46 theme Full 1175:1178 arg1 wounds 1201:1206 Full thickness excisional wounds 1175:1206 Full thickness excisional wounds 1175:1206 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 0 47 theme pectin 31:36 arg1 networks 50:57 composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks 12:57 composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks 12:57 Drug loaded composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks for accelerated wound healing. 27063849 10 48 dep cell 1738:1741 arg1 proliferation 1754:1766 proliferation 1754:1766 proliferation 1754:1766 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 10 48 dep cell 1738:1741 arg1 growth 1743:1748 growth 1743:1748 growth 1743:1748 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 5 49 theme OP-Gel-Cipro 789:800 arg1 dressings 802:810 OP-Gel-Cipro dressings 789:810 OP-Gel-Cipro dressings 789:810 Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride has also been incorporated into the OP-Gel matrix to produce OP-Gel-Cipro dressings. 27063849 3 50 dep in 441:442 arg1 situ 444:447 situ 444:447 situ 444:447 A novel in situ reduction process has been followed to synthesize oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosilver (OP-Gel-NS) flower like nanohydrocolloids. 27063849 6 51 theme % 852:852 arg1 activity 868:875 100% antimicrobial activity 849:875 100% antimicrobial activity 849:875 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 1 52 theme nonwoven 205:212 arg1 fabric 221:226 oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric 171:226 oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric 171:226 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings have been designed and fabricated using oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric. 27063849 8 53 theme accelerated 1304:1314 arg1 healing 1316:1322 accelerated healing 1304:1322 accelerated healing within 12days 1304:1336 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 9 54 theme Histological 1425:1436 arg1 examination 1438:1448 Histological examination 1425:1448 Histological examination 1425:1448 Histological examination revealed that OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro treatment led to organized collagen deposition, neovascularization and nuclei migration, unlike Bactigras(®). 27063849 8 55 theme dressings 1287:1295 arg1 potential 1260:1268 the wound healing potential 1242:1268 the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings 1242:1295 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 4 56 dep diffusion 620:628 arg1 the 616:618 the 616:618 the 616:618 This encapsulation technology controls the diffusion and permeation of nanosilver into the surrounding biological tissues. 27063849 6 57 theme 100 849:851 arg1 % 852:852 % 852:852 % 852:852 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 3 58 theme oxidized 499:506 arg1 flower 546:551 oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosilver (OP-Gel-NS) flower 499:551 oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosilver (OP-Gel-NS) flower like nanohydrocolloids 499:574 A novel in situ reduction process has been followed to synthesize oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosilver (OP-Gel-NS) flower like nanohydrocolloids. 27063849 0 59 theme gelatin 42:48 arg1 networks 50:57 composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks 12:57 composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks 12:57 Drug loaded composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks for accelerated wound healing. 27063849 8 60 theme thickness 1180:1188 arg1 wounds 1201:1206 Full thickness excisional wounds 1175:1206 Full thickness excisional wounds 1175:1206 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 9 61 theme collagen 1518:1525 arg1 deposition 1527:1536 organized collagen deposition 1508:1536 organized collagen deposition 1508:1536 Histological examination revealed that OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro treatment led to organized collagen deposition, neovascularization and nuclei migration, unlike Bactigras(®). 27063849 3 62 theme pectin-gelatin-nanosilver 508:532 arg1 flower 546:551 oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosilver (OP-Gel-NS) flower 499:551 oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosilver (OP-Gel-NS) flower like nanohydrocolloids 499:574 A novel in situ reduction process has been followed to synthesize oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosilver (OP-Gel-NS) flower like nanohydrocolloids. 27063849 6 63 theme antimicrobial 854:866 arg1 activity 868:875 100% antimicrobial activity 849:875 100% antimicrobial activity 849:875 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 7 64 theme cell 1122:1125 arg1 growth 1127:1132 cell growth 1122:1132 cell growth 1122:1132 While NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts proliferated remarkably well when cultured with OP-Gel and OP-Gel-Cipro dressings, OP-Gel-NS hindered cell growth and Bactigras(®) induced complete lysis. 27063849 9 65 dep deposition 1527:1536 arg1 migration 1569:1577 migration 1569:1577 migration 1569:1577 Histological examination revealed that OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro treatment led to organized collagen deposition, neovascularization and nuclei migration, unlike Bactigras(®). 27063849 1 66 theme cotton 214:219 arg1 fabric 221:226 oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric 171:226 oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric 171:226 Biocomposite interactive wound dressings have been designed and fabricated using oxidized pectin (OP), gelatin and nonwoven cotton fabric. 27063849 5 67 theme OP-Gel 764:769 arg1 matrix 771:776 the OP-Gel matrix 760:776 the OP-Gel matrix 760:776 Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride has also been incorporated into the OP-Gel matrix to produce OP-Gel-Cipro dressings. 27063849 2 68 theme inherent 242:249 arg1 virtues 251:257 their inherent virtues 236:257 their inherent virtues of antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility 236:305 Due to their inherent virtues of antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility, these composite structures are capable of redirecting the healing cascade and influencing cell attachment and proliferation. 27063849 6 69 theme OP-Gel-NS 819:827 arg1 dressings 829:837 OP-Gel-NS dressings 819:837 OP-Gel-NS dressings 819:837 While OP-Gel-NS dressings exhibited 100% antimicrobial activity at extremely low loadings of 3.75μg/cm(2), OP-Gel-Cipro dressings were highly antimicrobial at 1% drug loading. 27063849 8 70 theme similar 1392:1398 arg1 rate 1387:1390 a rate 1385:1390 a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®) 1385:1422 Full thickness excisional wounds were created on C57BL/6J mice and the wound healing potential of the OP-Gel-NS dressings led to accelerated healing within 12days, while OP-Gel-Cipro dressings healed wounds at a rate similar to that of Bactigras(®). 27063849 4 71 theme nanosilver 648:657 arg1 permeation 634:643 permeation 634:643 permeation 634:643 This encapsulation technology controls the diffusion and permeation of nanosilver into the surrounding biological tissues. 27063849 4 71 theme nanosilver 648:657 arg1 diffusion 620:628 diffusion 620:628 diffusion 620:628 This encapsulation technology controls the diffusion and permeation of nanosilver into the surrounding biological tissues. 27063849 0 72 theme accelerated 63:73 arg1 healing 81:87 accelerated wound healing 63:87 accelerated wound healing 63:87 Drug loaded composite oxidized pectin and gelatin networks for accelerated wound healing. 27063849 10 73 theme rapid 1781:1785 arg1 healing 1787:1793 rapid healing 1781:1793 rapid healing 1781:1793 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 4 74 theme surrounding 668:678 arg1 tissues 691:697 the surrounding biological tissues 664:697 the surrounding biological tissues 664:697 This encapsulation technology controls the diffusion and permeation of nanosilver into the surrounding biological tissues. 27063849 10 75 theme effective 1836:1844 arg1 management 1846:1855 effective management 1836:1855 effective management 1836:1855 Therefore, the OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro biocomposite dressings exhibiting good hydrophilicity, sustained antimicrobial nature, promote cell growth and proliferation, and lead to rapid healing, can be considered viable candidates for effective management. 27063849 2 76 dep cell 398:401 arg1 attachment 403:412 attachment 403:412 attachment 403:412 Due to their inherent virtues of antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility, these composite structures are capable of redirecting the healing cascade and influencing cell attachment and proliferation. 27063849 2 77 theme healing 366:372 arg1 cascade 374:380 the healing cascade 362:380 the healing cascade 362:380 Due to their inherent virtues of antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility, these composite structures are capable of redirecting the healing cascade and influencing cell attachment and proliferation. 27063849 9 78 theme OP-Gel-Cipro 1478:1489 arg1 treatment 1491:1499 OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro treatment 1464:1499 treatment 1491:1499 Histological examination revealed that OP-Gel-NS and OP-Gel-Cipro treatment led to organized collagen deposition, neovascularization and nuclei migration, unlike Bactigras(®). 25497807 14 0 theme significant 1950:1960 arg1 effect 1962:1967 no significant effect 1947:1967 no significant effect 1947:1967 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 6 1 theme whey 905:908 arg1 protein 910:916 whey protein 905:916 whey protein 905:916 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 3 2 from mo 402:403 arg1 goats 374:378 Ten goats free 370:383 Ten goats free of mastitis at 2 mo of lactation 370:416 Ten goats free of mastitis at 2 mo of lactation were divided into 2 groups. 25497807 8 3 theme mixed 1289:1293 arg1 model 1295:1299 a linear mixed model 1280:1299 a linear mixed model 1280:1299 Variables were analyzed by using a linear mixed model. 25497807 7 4 theme right 1070:1074 arg1 gland 1076:1080 The right gland 1066:1080 The right gland (n=10) 1066:1087 The right gland (n=10) was completely milked and the left gland (n=10) was milked to 30 mL at every sampling except at 1000 h, when complete milking was carried out on both glands. 25497807 7 4 theme right 1070:1074 arg1 n=10 1083:1086 n=10 1083:1086 n=10 1083:1086 The right gland (n=10) was completely milked and the left gland (n=10) was milked to 30 mL at every sampling except at 1000 h, when complete milking was carried out on both glands. 25497807 4 5 with contact 535:541 arg1 dog 558:560 a barking dog 548:560 a barking dog 548:560 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 15 6 theme control 2182:2188 arg1 goats 2196:2200 control dairy goats 2182:2200 control dairy goats 2182:2200 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 16 7 theme blood 2517:2521 arg1 sampling 2523:2530 blood sampling 2517:2530 blood sampling 2517:2530 Additionally, MC sampling has the advantage of being noninvasive compared with blood sampling. 25497807 14 8 theme STR 1929:1931 arg1 treatment 1933:1941 The STR treatment 1925:1941 The STR treatment 1925:1941 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 4 9 theme physical 525:532 arg1 contact 535:541 visual and auditory, but not physical, contact 496:541 visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min 496:570 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 1 10 theme stress 155:160 arg1 effect 139:144 the effect 135:144 the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment 135:261 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 4 11 theme visual 496:501 arg1 contact 535:541 visual and auditory, but not physical, contact 496:541 visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min 496:570 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 1 12 theme cortisol 165:172 arg1 concentration 174:186 cortisol concentration 165:186 cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) 165:219 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 4 13 theme auditory 507:514 arg1 contact 535:541 visual and auditory, but not physical, contact 496:541 visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min 496:570 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 15 14 theme STR 2270:2272 arg1 group 2274:2278 the STR group 2266:2278 the STR group 2266:2278 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 1 15 from concentration 174:186 arg1 MC 217:218 milk cortisol; MC 202:218 milk cortisol; MC 202:218 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 1 15 from concentration 174:186 arg1 milk 196:199 goat milk 191:199 goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) 191:219 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 13 16 theme higher 1815:1820 arg1 values 1822:1827 higher values 1815:1827 higher values in the morning and afternoon 1815:1856 The SCC was not increased by STR treatment, showing higher values in the morning and afternoon compared with evening and night (5.6±0.13 to 5.87±0.13 log10 SCC). 25497807 0 17 from plasma 51:56 arg1 goats 89:93 lactating goats 79:93 lactating goats 79:93 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 15 18 theme significant 2355:2365 arg1 differences 2367:2377 significant differences 2355:2377 significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus 2355:2435 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 4 19 dep stress 488:493 arg1 contact 535:541 visual and auditory, but not physical, contact 496:541 visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min 496:570 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 7 20 theme complete 1198:1205 arg1 milking 1207:1213 complete milking 1198:1213 complete milking 1198:1213 The right gland (n=10) was completely milked and the left gland (n=10) was milked to 30 mL at every sampling except at 1000 h, when complete milking was carried out on both glands. 25497807 12 21 theme Blood 1614:1618 arg1 glucose 1620:1626 Blood glucose 1614:1626 Blood glucose 1614:1626 Blood glucose increased immediately after treatment in STR animals, being different from CON until 1.5h after treatment sampling (101 vs. 58 mg/dL). 25497807 6 22 dep PC 852:853 arg1 fat 891:893 fat 891:893 fat 891:893 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 6 22 dep PC 852:853 arg1 lactose 896:902 lactose 896:902 lactose 896:902 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 6 22 dep PC 852:853 arg1 protein 910:916 whey protein 905:916 whey protein 905:916 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 6 22 dep PC 852:853 arg1 protein 924:930 true protein 919:930 true protein 919:930 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 6 22 dep PC 852:853 arg1 casein 937:942 casein 937:942 casein 937:942 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 15 23 theme significant 2239:2249 arg1 differences 2251:2261 significant differences 2239:2261 significant differences in the STR group 2239:2278 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 10 24 theme Higher 1401:1406 arg1 levels 1411:1416 Higher PC levels 1401:1416 Higher PC levels 1401:1416 Higher PC levels were recorded in the STR group immediately after treatment compared with CON (36.9 vs 16.3 ng/mL). 25497807 13 25 theme STR 1792:1794 arg1 treatment 1796:1804 STR treatment 1792:1804 STR treatment 1792:1804 The SCC was not increased by STR treatment, showing higher values in the morning and afternoon compared with evening and night (5.6±0.13 to 5.87±0.13 log10 SCC). 25497807 16 26 contain has 2464:2466 arg1 sampling 2455:2462 MC sampling 2452:2462 MC sampling 2452:2462 Additionally, MC sampling has the advantage of being noninvasive compared with blood sampling. 25497807 16 26 contain has 2464:2466 arg2 advantage 2472:2480 the advantage 2468:2480 the advantage of being noninvasive compared with blood sampling 2468:2530 Additionally, MC sampling has the advantage of being noninvasive compared with blood sampling. 25497807 1 27 from effect 139:144 arg1 suitability 229:239 its suitability 225:239 its suitability for stress assessment 225:261 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 1 27 from effect 139:144 arg1 concentration 174:186 cortisol concentration 165:186 cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) 165:219 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 4 28 theme acute 691:695 arg1 CON 705:707 CON 705:707 CON 705:707 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 4 28 theme acute 691:695 arg1 stress 697:702 acute stress 691:702 acute stress (CON) 691:708 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 0 29 theme milk 62:65 arg1 cortisol 67:74 milk cortisol 62:74 milk cortisol 62:74 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 4 30 theme 1000 596:599 arg1 h 601:601 h 601:601 h 601:601 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 6 31 theme Milk 1010:1013 arg1 variables 1015:1023 Milk variables 1010:1023 Milk variables 1010:1023 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 14 32 theme complete 2018:2025 arg1 day 2027:2029 a complete day 2016:2029 a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups 2016:2066 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 15 33 from concentrations 2164:2177 arg1 goats 2196:2200 control dairy goats 2182:2200 control dairy goats 2182:2200 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 5 34 theme sampling 756:763 arg1 schedule 765:772 the sampling schedule 752:772 the sampling schedule for 1 wk before the stress treatment (pre-experimental period) 752:835 The animals were gradually accustomed to the sampling schedule for 1 wk before the stress treatment (pre-experimental period). 25497807 2 35 theme blood 320:324 arg1 glucose 326:332 blood glucose 320:332 blood glucose (BG) 320:337 Additional variables studied were plasma cortisol (PC), blood glucose (BG), and somatic cell count (SCC). 25497807 2 35 theme blood 320:324 arg1 BG 335:336 BG 335:336 BG 335:336 Additional variables studied were plasma cortisol (PC), blood glucose (BG), and somatic cell count (SCC). 25497807 0 36 theme Within-day 0:9 arg1 variation 11:19 Within-day variation 0:19 Within-day variation 0:19 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 2 37 theme cell 352:355 arg1 count 357:361 somatic cell count 344:361 somatic cell count (SCC) 344:367 Additional variables studied were plasma cortisol (PC), blood glucose (BG), and somatic cell count (SCC). 25497807 2 37 theme cell 352:355 arg1 SCC 364:366 SCC 364:366 SCC 364:366 Additional variables studied were plasma cortisol (PC), blood glucose (BG), and somatic cell count (SCC). 25497807 14 38 contain had 1943:1945 arg2 effect 1962:1967 no significant effect 1947:1967 no significant effect 1947:1967 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 14 38 contain had 1943:1945 arg1 treatment 1933:1941 The STR treatment 1925:1941 The STR treatment 1925:1941 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 15 39 theme milk 2150:2153 arg1 concentrations 2164:2177 plasma and milk cortisol concentrations 2139:2177 concentrations 2164:2177 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 1 40 theme stress 245:250 arg1 assessment 252:261 stress assessment 245:261 stress assessment 245:261 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 2 41 theme plasma 298:303 arg1 PC 315:316 PC 315:316 PC 315:316 Additional variables studied were plasma cortisol (PC), blood glucose (BG), and somatic cell count (SCC). 25497807 2 41 theme plasma 298:303 arg1 cortisol 305:312 plasma cortisol 298:312 plasma cortisol (PC) 298:317 Additional variables studied were plasma cortisol (PC), blood glucose (BG), and somatic cell count (SCC). 25497807 0 42 theme stress 41:46 arg1 effect 25:30 effect 25:30 effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats 25:93 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 0 42 theme stress 41:46 arg1 variation 11:19 Within-day variation 0:19 Within-day variation 0:19 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 14 43 theme overall 1994:2000 arg1 yield 2007:2011 overall milk yield 1994:2011 overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups 1994:2066 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 14 44 dep g/d 2096:2098 arg1 g/d 2116:2118 CON: 2,134±427 g/d 2101:2118 CON: 2,134±427 g/d 2101:2118 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 1 45 theme goat 191:194 arg1 MC 217:218 milk cortisol; MC 202:218 milk cortisol; MC 202:218 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 1 45 theme goat 191:194 arg1 milk 196:199 goat milk 191:199 goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) 191:219 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 12 46 from CON 1703:1705 arg1 different 1688:1696 different 1688:1696 different 1688:1696 Blood glucose increased immediately after treatment in STR animals, being different from CON until 1.5h after treatment sampling (101 vs. 58 mg/dL). 25497807 14 47 theme milk 1972:1975 arg1 composition 1977:1987 milk composition 1972:1987 milk composition 1972:1987 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 4 48 theme acute 482:486 arg1 stress 488:493 acute stress 482:493 acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) 482:571 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 1 49 theme cortisol 207:214 arg1 MC 217:218 milk cortisol; MC 202:218 milk cortisol; MC 202:218 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 1 49 theme cortisol 207:214 arg1 milk 196:199 goat milk 191:199 goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) 191:219 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 4 50 theme control 661:667 arg1 group 669:673 the control group 657:673 the control group 657:673 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 4 50 theme control 661:667 arg1 group 633:637 the other group 623:637 the other group 623:637 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 14 51 theme CON 2101:2103 arg1 g/d 2116:2118 CON: 2,134±427 g/d 2101:2118 CON: 2,134±427 g/d 2101:2118 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 15 52 dep showed 2232:2237 arg1 whereas 2337:2343 whereas 2337:2343 whereas 2337:2343 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 11 53 theme STR 1578:1580 arg1 ng/mL 1606:1610 1.27 vs 0.25 ng/mL 1593:1610 1.27 vs 0.25 ng/mL 1593:1610 For MC, differences between treatments were noted 1.5h after STR treatment (1.27 vs 0.25 ng/mL). 25497807 11 53 theme STR 1578:1580 arg1 treatment 1582:1590 STR treatment 1578:1590 STR treatment (1.27 vs 0.25 ng/mL) 1578:1611 For MC, differences between treatments were noted 1.5h after STR treatment (1.27 vs 0.25 ng/mL). 25497807 4 54 theme animals 459:465 arg1 animals 459:465 animals 459:465 animals 459:465 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 4 54 theme animals 459:465 arg1 group 450:454 One group 446:454 One group of animals 446:465 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 1 55 from suitability 229:239 arg1 MC 217:218 milk cortisol; MC 202:218 milk cortisol; MC 202:218 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 1 55 from suitability 229:239 arg1 milk 196:199 goat milk 191:199 goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) 191:219 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 3 56 theme lactation 408:416 arg1 mo 402:403 2 mo 400:403 2 mo of lactation 400:416 Ten goats free of mastitis at 2 mo of lactation were divided into 2 groups. 25497807 8 57 theme linear 1282:1287 arg1 model 1295:1299 a linear mixed model 1280:1299 a linear mixed model 1280:1299 Variables were analyzed by using a linear mixed model. 25497807 15 58 theme plasma 2139:2144 arg1 concentrations 2164:2177 plasma and milk cortisol concentrations 2139:2177 concentrations 2164:2177 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 15 59 theme dairy 2190:2194 arg1 goats 2196:2200 control dairy goats 2182:2200 control dairy goats 2182:2200 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 2 60 theme Additional 264:273 arg1 variables 275:283 Additional variables 264:283 Additional variables studied 264:291 Additional variables studied were plasma cortisol (PC), blood glucose (BG), and somatic cell count (SCC). 25497807 1 61 theme acute 149:153 arg1 stress 155:160 acute stress 149:160 acute stress 149:160 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 12 62 theme STR 1669:1671 arg1 animals 1673:1679 STR animals 1669:1679 STR animals 1669:1679 Blood glucose increased immediately after treatment in STR animals, being different from CON until 1.5h after treatment sampling (101 vs. 58 mg/dL). 25497807 0 63 from cortisol 67:74 arg1 goats 89:93 lactating goats 79:93 lactating goats 79:93 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 6 64 theme milk 873:876 arg1 variables 842:850 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) 838:943 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) 838:943 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 6 64 theme milk 873:876 arg1 composition 878:888 milk composition 873:888 milk composition 873:888 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 14 65 theme STR 2081:2083 arg1 g/d 2096:2098 STR: 2,067±280 g/d 2081:2098 STR: 2,067±280 g/d 2081:2098 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 4 66 theme barking 550:556 arg1 dog 558:560 a barking dog 548:560 a barking dog 548:560 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 5 67 theme pre-experimental 812:827 arg1 period 829:834 pre-experimental period 812:834 pre-experimental period 812:834 The animals were gradually accustomed to the sampling schedule for 1 wk before the stress treatment (pre-experimental period). 25497807 5 67 theme pre-experimental 812:827 arg1 treatment 801:809 the stress treatment 790:809 the stress treatment (pre-experimental period) 790:835 The animals were gradually accustomed to the sampling schedule for 1 wk before the stress treatment (pre-experimental period). 25497807 10 68 theme PC 1408:1409 arg1 levels 1411:1416 Higher PC levels 1401:1416 Higher PC levels 1401:1416 Higher PC levels were recorded in the STR group immediately after treatment compared with CON (36.9 vs 16.3 ng/mL). 25497807 14 69 theme groups 2061:2066 arg1 stimulus 2044:2051 stress stimulus 2037:2051 stress stimulus of both groups 2037:2066 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 9 70 theme MC 1314:1315 arg1 concentrations 1317:1330 MC concentrations 1314:1330 MC concentrations 1314:1330 Both PC and MC concentrations varied throughout the day, with values being highest in the morning. 25497807 6 71 theme true 919:922 arg1 protein 924:930 true protein 919:930 true protein 919:930 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 16 72 theme MC 2452:2453 arg1 sampling 2455:2462 MC sampling 2452:2462 MC sampling 2452:2462 Additionally, MC sampling has the advantage of being noninvasive compared with blood sampling. 25497807 11 73 dep 1.5h 1567:1570 arg1 ng/mL 1606:1610 1.27 vs 0.25 ng/mL 1593:1610 1.27 vs 0.25 ng/mL 1593:1610 For MC, differences between treatments were noted 1.5h after STR treatment (1.27 vs 0.25 ng/mL). 25497807 11 73 dep 1.5h 1567:1570 arg1 treatment 1582:1590 STR treatment 1578:1590 STR treatment (1.27 vs 0.25 ng/mL) 1578:1611 For MC, differences between treatments were noted 1.5h after STR treatment (1.27 vs 0.25 ng/mL). 25497807 0 74 from effect 25:30 arg1 plasma 51:56 plasma 51:56 plasma 51:56 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 0 74 from effect 25:30 arg1 cortisol 67:74 milk cortisol 62:74 milk cortisol 62:74 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 13 75 dep log10 1913:1917 arg1 to 1900:1901 to 1900:1901 to 1900:1901 The SCC was not increased by STR treatment, showing higher values in the morning and afternoon compared with evening and night (5.6±0.13 to 5.87±0.13 log10 SCC). 25497807 6 76 dep h. 1007:1008 arg1 recorded 1030:1037 recorded 1030:1037 were recorded in both glands separately 1025:1063 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 14 77 theme stress 2037:2042 arg1 stimulus 2044:2051 stress stimulus 2037:2051 stress stimulus of both groups 2037:2066 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 0 78 from variation 11:19 arg1 plasma 51:56 plasma 51:56 plasma 51:56 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 0 78 from variation 11:19 arg1 cortisol 67:74 milk cortisol 62:74 milk cortisol 62:74 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 0 79 theme lactating 79:87 arg1 goats 89:93 lactating goats 79:93 lactating goats 79:93 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 14 80 theme day 2027:2029 arg1 yield 2007:2011 overall milk yield 1994:2011 overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups 1994:2066 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 12 81 from treatment 1656:1664 arg1 animals 1673:1679 STR animals 1669:1679 STR animals 1669:1679 Blood glucose increased immediately after treatment in STR animals, being different from CON until 1.5h after treatment sampling (101 vs. 58 mg/dL). 25497807 15 82 theme stressing 2317:2325 arg1 stimulus 2327:2334 the stressing stimulus 2313:2334 the stressing stimulus 2313:2334 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 4 83 theme h 601:601 arg1 STR 613:615 STR 613:615 STR 613:615 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 4 83 theme h 601:601 arg1 sampling 603:610 the 1000 h sampling 592:610 the 1000 h sampling (STR) 592:616 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 15 84 theme stressing 2418:2426 arg1 stimulus 2428:2435 the stressing stimulus 2414:2435 the stressing stimulus 2414:2435 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 14 85 dep similar 2072:2078 arg1 g/d 2096:2098 STR: 2,067±280 g/d 2081:2098 STR: 2,067±280 g/d 2081:2098 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 12 86 theme treatment 1724:1732 arg1 mg/dL 1755:1759 101 vs. 58 mg/dL 1744:1759 101 vs. 58 mg/dL 1744:1759 Blood glucose increased immediately after treatment in STR animals, being different from CON until 1.5h after treatment sampling (101 vs. 58 mg/dL). 25497807 12 86 theme treatment 1724:1732 arg1 sampling 1734:1741 treatment sampling 1724:1741 treatment sampling (101 vs. 58 mg/dL) 1724:1760 Blood glucose increased immediately after treatment in STR animals, being different from CON until 1.5h after treatment sampling (101 vs. 58 mg/dL). 25497807 15 87 theme cortisol 2155:2162 arg1 concentrations 2164:2177 plasma and milk cortisol concentrations 2139:2177 concentrations 2164:2177 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 15 88 from differences 2367:2377 arg1 samples 2382:2388 samples 2382:2388 samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus 2382:2435 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 2 89 theme somatic 344:350 arg1 count 357:361 somatic cell count 344:361 somatic cell count (SCC) 344:367 Additional variables studied were plasma cortisol (PC), blood glucose (BG), and somatic cell count (SCC). 25497807 2 89 theme somatic 344:350 arg1 SCC 364:366 SCC 364:366 SCC 364:366 Additional variables studied were plasma cortisol (PC), blood glucose (BG), and somatic cell count (SCC). 25497807 6 90 dep variables 842:850 arg1 SCC 864:866 SCC 864:866 SCC 864:866 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 6 90 dep variables 842:850 arg1 MC 856:857 MC 856:857 MC 856:857 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 6 90 dep variables 842:850 arg1 BG 860:861 BG 860:861 BG 860:861 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 6 90 dep variables 842:850 arg1 composition 878:888 milk composition 873:888 milk composition 873:888 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 6 90 dep variables 842:850 arg1 variables 842:850 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) 838:943 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) 838:943 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 6 90 dep variables 842:850 arg1 PC 852:853 PC 852:853 PC 852:853 The variables PC, MC, BG, SCC, and milk composition (fat, lactose, whey protein, true protein, and casein) were recorded at 0600, 1000, 1130, 1400, 1800, 2200, and 0200 h. Milk variables were recorded in both glands separately. 25497807 0 91 theme acute 35:39 arg1 stress 41:46 acute stress 35:46 acute stress 35:46 Within-day variation and effect of acute stress on plasma and milk cortisol in lactating goats. 25497807 7 92 from sampling 1166:1173 arg1 milked 1141:1146 milked 1141:1146 milked 1141:1146 The right gland (n=10) was completely milked and the left gland (n=10) was milked to 30 mL at every sampling except at 1000 h, when complete milking was carried out on both glands. 25497807 7 92 from sampling 1166:1173 arg1 gland 1124:1128 the left gland 1115:1128 the left gland (n=10) 1115:1135 The right gland (n=10) was completely milked and the left gland (n=10) was milked to 30 mL at every sampling except at 1000 h, when complete milking was carried out on both glands. 25497807 13 93 dep morning 1836:1842 arg1 the 1832:1834 the 1832:1834 the 1832:1834 The SCC was not increased by STR treatment, showing higher values in the morning and afternoon compared with evening and night (5.6±0.13 to 5.87±0.13 log10 SCC). 25497807 14 94 theme milk 2002:2005 arg1 yield 2007:2011 overall milk yield 1994:2011 overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups 1994:2066 The STR treatment had no significant effect on milk composition, and overall milk yield of a complete day after stress stimulus of both groups was similar (STR: 2,067±280 g/d; CON: 2,134±427 g/d). 25497807 5 95 theme stress 794:799 arg1 period 829:834 pre-experimental period 812:834 pre-experimental period 812:834 The animals were gradually accustomed to the sampling schedule for 1 wk before the stress treatment (pre-experimental period). 25497807 5 95 theme stress 794:799 arg1 treatment 801:809 the stress treatment 790:809 the stress treatment (pre-experimental period) 790:835 The animals were gradually accustomed to the sampling schedule for 1 wk before the stress treatment (pre-experimental period). 25497807 7 96 theme left 1119:1122 arg1 n=10 1131:1134 n=10 1131:1134 n=10 1131:1134 The right gland (n=10) was completely milked and the left gland (n=10) was milked to 30 mL at every sampling except at 1000 h, when complete milking was carried out on both glands. 25497807 7 96 theme left 1119:1122 arg1 milked 1141:1146 milked 1141:1146 milked 1141:1146 The right gland (n=10) was completely milked and the left gland (n=10) was milked to 30 mL at every sampling except at 1000 h, when complete milking was carried out on both glands. 25497807 7 96 theme left 1119:1122 arg1 gland 1124:1128 the left gland 1115:1128 the left gland (n=10) 1115:1135 The right gland (n=10) was completely milked and the left gland (n=10) was milked to 30 mL at every sampling except at 1000 h, when complete milking was carried out on both glands. 25497807 4 97 theme other 627:631 arg1 group 669:673 the control group 657:673 the control group 657:673 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 4 97 theme other 627:631 arg1 group 633:637 the other group 623:637 the other group 623:637 One group of animals was exposed to acute stress (visual and auditory, but not physical, contact with a barking dog for 3 min) immediately before the 1000 h sampling (STR), and the other group was considered as the control group, not exposed to acute stress (CON). 25497807 3 98 theme mastitis 388:395 arg1 goats 374:378 Ten goats free 370:383 Ten goats free of mastitis at 2 mo of lactation 370:416 Ten goats free of mastitis at 2 mo of lactation were divided into 2 groups. 25497807 7 99 from h 1190:1190 arg1 milked 1141:1146 milked 1141:1146 milked 1141:1146 The right gland (n=10) was completely milked and the left gland (n=10) was milked to 30 mL at every sampling except at 1000 h, when complete milking was carried out on both glands. 25497807 7 99 from h 1190:1190 arg1 gland 1124:1128 the left gland 1115:1128 the left gland (n=10) 1115:1135 The right gland (n=10) was completely milked and the left gland (n=10) was milked to 30 mL at every sampling except at 1000 h, when complete milking was carried out on both glands. 25497807 10 100 theme STR 1439:1441 arg1 group 1443:1447 the STR group 1435:1447 the STR group 1435:1447 Higher PC levels were recorded in the STR group immediately after treatment compared with CON (36.9 vs 16.3 ng/mL). 25497807 3 101 theme free 380:383 arg1 goats 374:378 Ten goats free 370:383 Ten goats free of mastitis at 2 mo of lactation 370:416 Ten goats free of mastitis at 2 mo of lactation were divided into 2 groups. 25497807 15 102 from differences 2251:2261 arg1 group 2274:2278 the STR group 2266:2278 the STR group 2266:2278 We conclude that plasma and milk cortisol concentrations in control dairy goats varied throughout the day; MC showed significant differences in the STR group if samples were taken 1.5h after the stressing stimulus, whereas PC showed significant differences in samples taken immediately after the stressing stimulus. 25497807 13 103 from values 1822:1827 arg1 afternoon 1848:1856 afternoon 1848:1856 afternoon 1848:1856 The SCC was not increased by STR treatment, showing higher values in the morning and afternoon compared with evening and night (5.6±0.13 to 5.87±0.13 log10 SCC). 25497807 13 103 from values 1822:1827 arg1 morning 1836:1842 morning 1836:1842 morning 1836:1842 The SCC was not increased by STR treatment, showing higher values in the morning and afternoon compared with evening and night (5.6±0.13 to 5.87±0.13 log10 SCC). 25497807 1 104 theme milk 202:205 arg1 MC 217:218 milk cortisol; MC 202:218 milk cortisol; MC 202:218 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 25497807 1 104 theme milk 202:205 arg1 milk 196:199 goat milk 191:199 goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) 191:219 An experiment was carried out to study the effect of acute stress on cortisol concentration in goat milk (milk cortisol; MC) and its suitability for stress assessment. 28581029 8 0 dep later 1940:1944 arg1 only 1965:1968 only 1965:1968 only 1965:1968 Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation. 28581029 8 1 theme waterlogging 1836:1847 arg1 stress 1849:1854 a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress 1819:1854 a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress 1819:1854 Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation. 28581029 7 2 theme sucrose 1464:1470 arg1 concentrations 1472:1485 sucrose concentrations 1464:1485 sucrose concentrations 1464:1485 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 1 3 theme growing 284:290 arg1 season 292:297 the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season 252:297 the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season 252:297 Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. 28581029 1 3 theme growing 284:290 arg1 Gossypium 264:272 Gossypium 264:272 Gossypium 264:272 Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. 28581029 4 4 theme high 829:832 arg1 temperature 834:844 high temperature 829:844 high temperature 829:844 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 8 5 theme accumulation 1889:1900 arg1 cross-acclimation 1902:1918 accumulation cross-acclimation 1889:1918 accumulation cross-acclimation 1889:1918 Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation. 28581029 2 6 theme co-occurring 330:341 arg1 waterlogging 343:354 co-occurring waterlogging 330:354 co-occurring waterlogging 330:354 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 1 7 theme chronic 200:206 arg1 temperature 217:227 chronic elevated temperature 200:227 chronic elevated temperature 200:227 Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. 28581029 5 8 theme 6-day 1054:1058 arg1 waterlogging 1060:1071 The 6-day waterlogging 1050:1071 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature 1050:1106 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 7 9 from concentrations 1472:1485 arg1 leaf 1614:1617 the subtending leaf 1599:1617 the subtending leaf 1599:1617 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 7 10 theme subtending 1603:1612 arg1 leaf 1614:1617 the subtending leaf 1599:1617 the subtending leaf 1599:1617 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 7 11 theme elevated 1746:1753 arg1 temperature 1755:1765 elevated temperature 1746:1765 elevated temperature alone 1746:1771 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 5 12 theme enhanced 1271:1278 arg1 activity 1317:1324 enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity 1271:1324 enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity 1271:1324 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 8 13 theme leaf 1983:1986 arg1 photosynthesis 1988:2001 leaf photosynthesis 1983:2001 leaf photosynthesis 1983:2001 Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation. 28581029 3 14 theme elevated 652:659 arg1 temperatures 675:686 ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures 626:686 temperatures 675:686 To address this, plants were exposed to ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures during the whole flowering and boll formation stage, and waterlogging (0, 3, 6 days) beginning on the day of anthesis. 28581029 0 15 dep Gossypium 151:159 arg1 hirsutum 161:168 Gossypium hirsutum 151:168 Gossypium hirsutum 151:168 Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf cross-acclimates to waterlogging and elevated temperature stress and influences boll biomass in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). 28581029 5 16 theme synthase 1288:1295 arg1 activity 1317:1324 enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity 1271:1324 enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity 1271:1324 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 8 17 theme previous 1798:1805 arg1 exposure 1807:1814 previous exposure 1798:1814 previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress 1798:1854 Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation. 28581029 0 18 theme elevated 84:91 arg1 stress 105:110 elevated temperature stress 84:110 elevated temperature stress 84:110 Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf cross-acclimates to waterlogging and elevated temperature stress and influences boll biomass in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). 28581029 2 19 theme aforementioned 560:573 arg1 stressors 575:583 aforementioned stressors 560:583 aforementioned stressors 560:583 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 3 20 theme anthesis 797:804 arg1 day 790:792 the day 786:792 the day of anthesis 786:804 To address this, plants were exposed to ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures during the whole flowering and boll formation stage, and waterlogging (0, 3, 6 days) beginning on the day of anthesis. 28581029 5 21 theme elevated 1087:1094 arg1 temperature 1096:1106 elevated temperature 1087:1106 elevated temperature 1087:1106 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 8 22 theme brief 1821:1825 arg1 stress 1849:1854 a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress 1819:1854 a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress 1819:1854 Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation. 28581029 7 23 theme days 1682:1685 arg1 waterlogging 1687:1698 3 days waterlogging 1680:1698 3 days waterlogging 1680:1698 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 7 24 theme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1534:1560 arg1 activity 1587:1594 cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity 1524:1594 cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf 1524:1617 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 2 25 theme cross-acclimation 539:555 arg1 leaf 491:494 the subtending leaf 476:494 the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors 476:583 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 5 26 theme treatment 1204:1212 arg1 impact 1130:1135 the most negative impact 1112:1135 the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment 1112:1212 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 2 27 theme source 505:510 arg1 leaf 512:515 a major source leaf 497:515 a major source leaf for boll development 497:536 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 2 28 theme leaf 491:494 arg1 metabolism 462:471 carbohydrate metabolism 449:471 carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors 449:583 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 0 29 theme Carbohydrate 0:11 arg1 metabolism 13:22 Carbohydrate metabolism 0:22 Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf 0:45 Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf cross-acclimates to waterlogging and elevated temperature stress and influences boll biomass in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). 28581029 5 30 theme SuSy 1298:1301 arg1 EC 1304:1305 SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13 1298:1314 EC 1304:1305 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 5 30 theme SuSy 1298:1301 arg1 synthase 1288:1295 sucrose synthase 1280:1295 enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity 1271:1324 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 4 31 theme carbohydrate 981:992 arg1 metabolism 994:1003 carbohydrate metabolism 981:1003 carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf 981:1026 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 0 32 theme subtending 31:40 arg1 leaf 42:45 the subtending leaf 27:45 the subtending leaf 27:45 Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf cross-acclimates to waterlogging and elevated temperature stress and influences boll biomass in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). 28581029 5 33 theme net 1140:1142 arg1 rate 1159:1162 net photosynthetic rate 1140:1162 net photosynthetic rate (Pn) 1140:1167 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 5 33 theme net 1140:1142 arg1 Pn 1165:1166 Pn 1165:1166 Pn 1165:1166 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 3 34 theme 34.1/29.0°C 662:672 arg1 temperatures 675:686 ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures 626:686 temperatures 675:686 To address this, plants were exposed to ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures during the whole flowering and boll formation stage, and waterlogging (0, 3, 6 days) beginning on the day of anthesis. 28581029 4 35 theme waterlogging 931:942 arg1 durations 918:926 different durations 908:926 different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature 908:976 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 2 36 theme elevated 360:367 arg1 temperature 369:379 elevated temperature 360:379 elevated temperature 360:379 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 7 37 theme Rubisco 1488:1494 arg1 activity 1510:1517 Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity 1488:1517 Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity 1488:1517 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 2 38 theme cotton 406:411 arg1 fiber 413:417 cotton fiber 406:417 cotton fiber 406:417 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 1 39 theme cotton 256:261 arg1 season 292:297 the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season 252:297 the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season 252:297 Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. 28581029 1 39 theme cotton 256:261 arg1 Gossypium 264:272 Gossypium 264:272 Gossypium 264:272 Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. 28581029 4 40 from metabolism 994:1003 arg1 leaf 1023:1026 the subtending leaf 1008:1026 the subtending leaf 1008:1026 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 4 41 theme boll 854:857 arg1 biomass 859:865 boll biomass 854:865 boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%) 854:890 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 3 42 theme boll 719:722 arg1 formation 724:732 boll formation 719:732 boll formation 719:732 To address this, plants were exposed to ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures during the whole flowering and boll formation stage, and waterlogging (0, 3, 6 days) beginning on the day of anthesis. 28581029 8 43 theme sucrose 1865:1871 arg1 composition 1873:1883 sucrose composition 1865:1883 sucrose composition 1865:1883 Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation. 28581029 2 44 theme previous 306:313 arg1 research 315:322 previous research 306:322 previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature 306:379 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 6 45 theme elevated 1438:1445 arg1 temperature 1447:1457 elevated temperature 1438:1457 elevated temperature 1438:1457 A prior exposure to waterlogging for 3 days improved subtending leaf performance under elevated temperature. 28581029 7 46 from activity 1510:1517 arg1 leaf 1614:1617 the subtending leaf 1599:1617 the subtending leaf 1599:1617 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 3 47 dep flowering 705:713 arg1 stage 734:738 stage 734:738 stage 734:738 To address this, plants were exposed to ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures during the whole flowering and boll formation stage, and waterlogging (0, 3, 6 days) beginning on the day of anthesis. 28581029 1 48 theme Short-term 172:181 arg1 waterlogging 183:194 Short-term waterlogging 172:194 Short-term waterlogging 172:194 Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. 28581029 6 49 theme prior 1353:1357 arg1 exposure 1359:1366 A prior exposure 1351:1366 A prior exposure to waterlogging for 3 days 1351:1393 A prior exposure to waterlogging for 3 days improved subtending leaf performance under elevated temperature. 28581029 8 50 dep brief 1821:1825 arg1 days 1830:1833 3 days 1828:1833 3 days 1828:1833 Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation. 28581029 8 51 theme high 1923:1926 arg1 temperature 1928:1938 high temperature 1923:1938 high temperature 1923:1938 Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation. 28581029 1 52 theme elevated 208:215 arg1 temperature 217:227 chronic elevated temperature 200:227 chronic elevated temperature 200:227 Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. 28581029 4 53 from effects 897:903 arg1 metabolism 994:1003 carbohydrate metabolism 981:1003 carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf 981:1026 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 3 54 theme ambient 626:632 arg1 31.6/26.5°C 635:645 ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures 626:686 31.6/26.5°C 635:645 To address this, plants were exposed to ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures during the whole flowering and boll formation stage, and waterlogging (0, 3, 6 days) beginning on the day of anthesis. 28581029 4 55 theme durations 918:926 arg1 effects 897:903 effects 897:903 effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf 897:1026 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 7 56 dep fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1534:1560 arg1 EC 1574:1575 EC 3.1.3.11 1574:1584 EC 3.1.3.11 1574:1584 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 7 56 dep fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1534:1560 arg1 cy-FBPase 1563:1571 cy-FBPase 1563:1571 cy-FBPase 1563:1571 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 1 57 dep Gossypium 264:272 arg1 hirsutum 274:281 Gossypium hirsutum 264:281 Gossypium hirsutum 264:281 Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. 28581029 5 58 theme sucrose 1280:1286 arg1 EC 1304:1305 SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13 1298:1314 EC 1304:1305 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 5 58 theme sucrose 1280:1286 arg1 synthase 1288:1295 sucrose synthase 1280:1295 enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity 1271:1324 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 2 59 theme boll 521:524 arg1 development 526:536 boll development 521:536 boll development 521:536 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 5 60 theme GhSusA 1238:1243 arg1 expression 1256:1265 upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression 1226:1265 upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression 1226:1265 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 5 61 contain had 1108:1110 arg1 waterlogging 1060:1071 The 6-day waterlogging 1050:1071 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature 1050:1106 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 5 61 contain had 1108:1110 arg2 impact 1130:1135 the most negative impact 1112:1135 the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment 1112:1212 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 0 62 theme temperature 93:103 arg1 stress 105:110 elevated temperature stress 84:110 elevated temperature stress 84:110 Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf cross-acclimates to waterlogging and elevated temperature stress and influences boll biomass in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). 28581029 5 63 theme negative 1121:1128 arg1 impact 1130:1135 the most negative impact 1112:1135 the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment 1112:1212 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 7 64 from activity 1587:1594 arg1 leaf 1614:1617 the subtending leaf 1599:1617 the subtending leaf 1599:1617 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 4 65 theme elevated 957:964 arg1 temperature 966:976 elevated temperature 957:976 elevated temperature 957:976 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 0 66 from metabolism 13:22 arg1 leaf 42:45 the subtending leaf 27:45 the subtending leaf 27:45 Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf cross-acclimates to waterlogging and elevated temperature stress and influences boll biomass in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). 28581029 5 67 theme GhSusC 1249:1254 arg1 expression 1256:1265 upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression 1226:1265 upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression 1226:1265 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 7 68 theme elevated 1704:1711 arg1 temperature 1713:1723 elevated temperature 1704:1723 elevated temperature 1704:1723 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 7 69 theme cytosolic 1524:1532 arg1 activity 1587:1594 cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity 1524:1594 cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf 1524:1617 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 4 70 theme different 908:916 arg1 durations 918:926 different durations 908:926 different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature 908:976 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 0 71 theme boll 127:130 arg1 biomass 132:138 boll biomass 127:138 boll biomass 127:138 Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf cross-acclimates to waterlogging and elevated temperature stress and influences boll biomass in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). 28581029 8 72 theme sucrose 2023:2029 arg1 degradation 2031:2041 sucrose degradation 2023:2041 sucrose degradation 2023:2041 Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation. 28581029 2 73 dep leaf 491:494 arg1 leaf 512:515 a major source leaf 497:515 a major source leaf for boll development 497:536 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 2 74 theme subtending 480:489 arg1 leaf 491:494 the subtending leaf 476:494 the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors 476:583 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 6 75 theme leaf 1415:1418 arg1 performance 1420:1430 leaf performance 1415:1430 leaf performance 1415:1430 A prior exposure to waterlogging for 3 days improved subtending leaf performance under elevated temperature. 28581029 2 76 theme carbohydrate 449:460 arg1 metabolism 462:471 carbohydrate metabolism 449:471 carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors 449:583 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 5 77 from impact 1130:1135 arg1 rate 1159:1162 net photosynthetic rate 1140:1162 net photosynthetic rate (Pn) 1140:1167 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 5 77 from impact 1130:1135 arg1 metabolism 1186:1195 carbohydrate metabolism 1173:1195 carbohydrate metabolism 1173:1195 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 5 77 from impact 1130:1135 arg1 Pn 1165:1166 Pn 1165:1166 Pn 1165:1166 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 5 78 theme carbohydrate 1173:1184 arg1 metabolism 1186:1195 carbohydrate metabolism 1173:1195 carbohydrate metabolism 1173:1195 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 7 79 theme SuSy 1650:1653 arg1 activity 1655:1662 SuSy activity 1650:1662 SuSy activity 1650:1662 Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. 28581029 2 80 theme major 499:503 arg1 leaf 512:515 a major source leaf 497:515 a major source leaf for boll development 497:536 While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. 28581029 4 81 dep biomass 859:865 arg1 reduced 868:874 reduced 868:874 reduced by 1.19-32.14% 868:889 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 5 82 theme photosynthetic 1144:1157 arg1 rate 1159:1162 net photosynthetic rate 1140:1162 net photosynthetic rate (Pn) 1140:1167 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 5 82 theme photosynthetic 1144:1157 arg1 Pn 1165:1166 Pn 1165:1166 Pn 1165:1166 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 3 83 theme whole 699:703 arg1 flowering 705:713 the whole flowering 695:713 the whole flowering 695:713 To address this, plants were exposed to ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures during the whole flowering and boll formation stage, and waterlogging (0, 3, 6 days) beginning on the day of anthesis. 28581029 5 84 theme sucrose 1330:1336 arg1 degradation 1338:1348 sucrose degradation 1330:1348 sucrose degradation 1330:1348 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 28581029 4 85 theme subtending 1012:1021 arg1 leaf 1023:1026 the subtending leaf 1008:1026 the subtending leaf 1008:1026 Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. 28581029 5 86 theme upregulated 1226:1236 arg1 expression 1256:1265 upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression 1226:1265 upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression 1226:1265 The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. 27826025 4 0 theme endpoint 999:1006 arg1 biopsies 1008:1015 the endpoint biopsies 995:1015 the endpoint biopsies of the control arm 995:1034 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 2 1 from arm 442:444 arg1 unknown 514:520 unknown 514:520 unknown 514:520 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 2 1 from arm 442:444 arg1 effect 396:401 the effect 392:401 the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties 392:509 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 5 2 theme glycosaminoglycan 1114:1130 arg1 higher 1150:1155 higher 1150:1155 higher 1150:1155 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 5 2 theme glycosaminoglycan 1114:1130 arg1 content 1138:1144 the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 1110:1144 the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 1110:1144 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 7 3 theme calcium 1445:1451 arg1 supplementation 1453:1467 calcium supplementation 1445:1467 calcium supplementation 1445:1467 In conclusion, vitamin D and calcium supplementation is associated with altered mineral and organic matrix properties. 27826025 4 4 theme HORIZON 1054:1060 arg1 trial 1062:1066 the HORIZON trial 1050:1066 the HORIZON trial 1050:1066 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 2 5 theme composition 488:498 arg1 properties 500:509 bone material composition properties 474:509 bone material composition properties 474:509 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 0 6 from D 8:8 arg1 osteoporosis 72:83 postmenopausal osteoporosis 57:83 postmenopausal osteoporosis 57:83 Vitamin D and calcium supplementation for three years in postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly alters bone mineral and organic matrix quality. 27826025 4 7 theme Raman 866:870 arg1 microspectroscopy 872:888 Raman microspectroscopy 866:888 Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial 866:1066 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 1 8 theme clinical 171:178 arg1 trials 180:185 Prospective, controlled clinical trials 147:185 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis 147:216 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 5 9 theme tissue 1194:1199 arg1 content 1207:1213 tissue water content 1194:1213 tissue water content 1194:1213 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 4 10 theme iliac 930:934 arg1 crest 936:940 iliac crest 930:940 iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial 930:1066 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 1 11 dep D 298:298 arg1 addition 278:285 addition 278:285 addition 278:285 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 4 12 theme bone 894:897 arg1 surfaces 918:925 the bone forming trabecular surfaces 890:925 Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial 866:1066 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 3 13 theme study 550:554 arg1 purpose 527:533 The purpose 523:533 The purpose of the present study 523:554 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 5 14 theme water 1201:1205 arg1 content 1207:1213 tissue water content 1194:1213 tissue water content 1194:1213 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 7 15 theme matrix 1516:1521 arg1 properties 1523:1532 altered mineral and organic matrix properties 1488:1532 altered mineral and organic matrix properties 1488:1532 In conclusion, vitamin D and calcium supplementation is associated with altered mineral and organic matrix properties. 27826025 4 16 theme arm 1032:1034 arg1 samples 959:965 pre-treatment samples 945:965 pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study 945:989 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 4 16 theme arm 1032:1034 arg1 biopsies 1008:1015 the endpoint biopsies 995:1015 the endpoint biopsies of the control arm 995:1034 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 4 17 dep microspectroscopy 872:888 arg1 surfaces 918:925 the bone forming trabecular surfaces 890:925 Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial 866:1066 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 4 18 from samples 959:965 arg1 surfaces 918:925 the bone forming trabecular surfaces 890:925 Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial 866:1066 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 4 19 theme teriparatide 972:983 arg1 study 985:989 a teriparatide study 970:989 a teriparatide study 970:989 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 2 20 from practice 462:469 arg1 unknown 514:520 unknown 514:520 unknown 514:520 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 2 20 from practice 462:469 arg1 effect 396:401 the effect 392:401 the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties 392:509 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 0 21 theme mineral 111:117 arg1 quality 138:144 bone mineral and organic matrix quality 106:144 bone mineral and organic matrix quality 106:144 Vitamin D and calcium supplementation for three years in postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly alters bone mineral and organic matrix quality. 27826025 6 22 theme tissue 1404:1409 arg1 age 1411:1413 tissue age 1404:1413 tissue age 1404:1413 Moreover, all indices were significantly dependent on tissue age. 27826025 3 23 theme present 542:548 arg1 study 550:554 the present study 538:554 the present study 538:554 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 4 24 theme forming 899:905 arg1 surfaces 918:925 the bone forming trabecular surfaces 890:925 Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial 866:1066 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 3 25 dep indices 591:597 arg1 content 661:667 glycosaminoglycan content 643:667 glycosaminoglycan content 643:667 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 25 dep indices 591:597 arg1 content 719:725 pyridinoline content 706:725 pyridinoline content 706:725 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 25 dep indices 591:597 arg1 mineral/matrix 613:626 mineral/matrix 613:626 mineral/matrix 613:626 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 25 dep indices 591:597 arg1 nanoporosity 629:640 nanoporosity 629:640 nanoporosity 629:640 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 25 dep indices 591:597 arg1 maturity/crystallinity 678:699 mineral maturity/crystallinity 670:699 mineral maturity/crystallinity 670:699 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 25 dep indices 591:597 arg1 indices 591:597 these bone quality indices 572:597 these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) 572:726 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 2 26 theme clinical 453:460 arg1 practice 462:469 clinical practice 453:469 clinical practice 453:469 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 0 27 from supplementation 22:36 arg1 osteoporosis 72:83 postmenopausal osteoporosis 57:83 postmenopausal osteoporosis 57:83 Vitamin D and calcium supplementation for three years in postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly alters bone mineral and organic matrix quality. 27826025 3 28 theme long-term 761:769 arg1 400-1200IU 782:791 400-1200IU 782:791 400-1200IU 782:791 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 28 theme long-term 761:769 arg1 D 779:779 long-term vitamin D 761:779 long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) 761:792 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 1 29 theme postmenopausal 190:203 arg1 osteoporosis 205:216 postmenopausal osteoporosis 190:216 postmenopausal osteoporosis 190:216 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 0 30 theme Vitamin 0:6 arg1 D 8:8 Vitamin D 0:8 Vitamin D 0:8 Vitamin D and calcium supplementation for three years in postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly alters bone mineral and organic matrix quality. 27826025 1 31 theme vitamin 290:296 arg1 D 298:298 vitamin D 290:298 vitamin D 290:298 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 7 32 theme altered 1488:1494 arg1 properties 1523:1532 altered mineral and organic matrix properties 1488:1532 altered mineral and organic matrix properties 1488:1532 In conclusion, vitamin D and calcium supplementation is associated with altered mineral and organic matrix properties. 27826025 3 33 theme bone 578:581 arg1 content 661:667 glycosaminoglycan content 643:667 glycosaminoglycan content 643:667 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 33 theme bone 578:581 arg1 content 719:725 pyridinoline content 706:725 pyridinoline content 706:725 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 33 theme bone 578:581 arg1 mineral/matrix 613:626 mineral/matrix 613:626 mineral/matrix 613:626 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 33 theme bone 578:581 arg1 nanoporosity 629:640 nanoporosity 629:640 nanoporosity 629:640 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 33 theme bone 578:581 arg1 maturity/crystallinity 678:699 mineral maturity/crystallinity 670:699 mineral maturity/crystallinity 670:699 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 33 theme bone 578:581 arg1 indices 591:597 these bone quality indices 572:597 these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) 572:726 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 0 34 theme calcium 14:20 arg1 supplementation 22:36 calcium supplementation 14:36 calcium supplementation 14:36 Vitamin D and calcium supplementation for three years in postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly alters bone mineral and organic matrix quality. 27826025 0 35 theme matrix 131:136 arg1 quality 138:144 bone mineral and organic matrix quality 106:144 bone mineral and organic matrix quality 106:144 Vitamin D and calcium supplementation for three years in postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly alters bone mineral and organic matrix quality. 27826025 1 36 dep Prospective 147:157 arg1 controlled 160:169 controlled 160:169 controlled 160:169 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 2 37 theme placebo 434:440 arg1 arm 442:444 the placebo arm 430:444 the placebo arm 430:444 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 3 38 theme vitamin 771:777 arg1 400-1200IU 782:791 400-1200IU 782:791 400-1200IU 782:791 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 38 theme vitamin 771:777 arg1 D 779:779 long-term vitamin D 761:779 long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) 761:792 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 0 39 theme organic 123:129 arg1 quality 138:144 bone mineral and organic matrix quality 106:144 bone mineral and organic matrix quality 106:144 Vitamin D and calcium supplementation for three years in postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly alters bone mineral and organic matrix quality. 27826025 7 40 theme organic 1508:1514 arg1 properties 1523:1532 altered mineral and organic matrix properties 1488:1532 altered mineral and organic matrix properties 1488:1532 In conclusion, vitamin D and calcium supplementation is associated with altered mineral and organic matrix properties. 27826025 2 41 theme material 479:486 arg1 properties 500:509 bone material composition properties 474:509 bone material composition properties 474:509 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 1 42 theme calcium 304:310 arg1 supplementation 312:326 calcium supplementation 304:326 calcium supplementation 304:326 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 4 43 theme pre-treatment 945:957 arg1 samples 959:965 pre-treatment samples 945:965 pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study 945:989 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 3 44 theme mineral 670:676 arg1 indices 591:597 these bone quality indices 572:597 these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) 572:726 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 44 theme mineral 670:676 arg1 maturity/crystallinity 678:699 mineral maturity/crystallinity 670:699 mineral maturity/crystallinity 670:699 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 2 45 theme bone 474:477 arg1 properties 500:509 bone material composition properties 474:509 bone material composition properties 474:509 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 3 46 theme calcium 798:804 arg1 supplementation 817:831 calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation 798:831 calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation 798:831 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 47 theme glycosaminoglycan 643:659 arg1 content 661:667 glycosaminoglycan content 643:667 glycosaminoglycan content 643:667 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 47 theme glycosaminoglycan 643:659 arg1 indices 591:597 these bone quality indices 572:597 these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) 572:726 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 48 theme 1.0-1.5g 807:814 arg1 supplementation 817:831 calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation 798:831 calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation 798:831 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 2 49 from effect 396:401 arg1 arm 442:444 the placebo arm 430:444 the placebo arm 430:444 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 2 49 from effect 396:401 arg1 properties 500:509 bone material composition properties 474:509 bone material composition properties 474:509 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 2 49 from effect 396:401 arg1 practice 462:469 clinical practice 453:469 clinical practice 453:469 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 2 50 theme supplementation 411:425 arg1 unknown 514:520 unknown 514:520 unknown 514:520 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 2 50 theme supplementation 411:425 arg1 effect 396:401 the effect 392:401 the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties 392:509 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 4 51 theme control 1024:1030 arg1 arm 1032:1034 the control arm 1020:1034 the control arm 1020:1034 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 4 52 theme trabecular 907:916 arg1 surfaces 918:925 the bone forming trabecular surfaces 890:925 Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial 866:1066 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 5 53 theme mineral/matrix 1085:1098 arg1 ratio 1100:1104 the mineral/matrix ratio 1081:1104 the mineral/matrix ratio 1081:1104 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 5 53 theme mineral/matrix 1085:1098 arg1 higher 1150:1155 higher 1150:1155 higher 1150:1155 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 3 54 theme quality 583:589 arg1 content 661:667 glycosaminoglycan content 643:667 glycosaminoglycan content 643:667 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 54 theme quality 583:589 arg1 content 719:725 pyridinoline content 706:725 pyridinoline content 706:725 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 54 theme quality 583:589 arg1 mineral/matrix 613:626 mineral/matrix 613:626 mineral/matrix 613:626 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 54 theme quality 583:589 arg1 nanoporosity 629:640 nanoporosity 629:640 nanoporosity 629:640 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 54 theme quality 583:589 arg1 maturity/crystallinity 678:699 mineral maturity/crystallinity 670:699 mineral maturity/crystallinity 670:699 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 54 theme quality 583:589 arg1 indices 591:597 these bone quality indices 572:597 these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) 572:726 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 2 55 theme clinical 358:365 arg1 benefits 367:374 clinical benefits 358:374 clinical benefits 358:374 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 1 56 with effects 236:242 arg1 placebo 267:273 placebo 267:273 placebo 267:273 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 7 57 theme mineral 1496:1502 arg1 properties 1523:1532 altered mineral and organic matrix properties 1488:1532 altered mineral and organic matrix properties 1488:1532 In conclusion, vitamin D and calcium supplementation is associated with altered mineral and organic matrix properties. 27826025 4 58 from surfaces 918:925 arg1 samples 959:965 pre-treatment samples 945:965 pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study 945:989 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 4 58 from surfaces 918:925 arg1 biopsies 1008:1015 the endpoint biopsies 995:1015 the endpoint biopsies of the control arm 995:1034 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 4 59 from crest 936:940 arg1 samples 959:965 pre-treatment samples 945:965 pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study 945:989 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 4 59 from crest 936:940 arg1 biopsies 1008:1015 the endpoint biopsies 995:1015 the endpoint biopsies of the control arm 995:1034 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 1 60 theme treatment 336:344 arg1 arms 346:349 both treatment arms 331:349 both treatment arms 331:349 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 3 61 theme pyridinoline 706:717 arg1 content 719:725 pyridinoline content 706:725 pyridinoline content 706:725 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 3 61 theme pyridinoline 706:717 arg1 indices 591:597 these bone quality indices 572:597 these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) 572:726 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. 27826025 5 62 dep nanoporosity 1163:1174 arg1 content 1285:1291 content 1285:1291 content 1285:1291 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 5 62 dep nanoporosity 1163:1174 arg1 surrogate 1180:1188 a surrogate 1178:1188 a surrogate for tissue water content 1178:1213 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 5 63 theme long-term 1323:1331 arg1 supplementation 1333:1347 long-term supplementation 1323:1347 long-term supplementation 1323:1347 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 1 64 theme active 250:255 arg1 drug 257:260 an active drug 247:260 an active drug 247:260 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 0 65 theme postmenopausal 57:70 arg1 osteoporosis 72:83 postmenopausal osteoporosis 57:83 postmenopausal osteoporosis 57:83 Vitamin D and calcium supplementation for three years in postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly alters bone mineral and organic matrix quality. 27826025 4 66 theme crest 936:940 arg1 surfaces 918:925 the bone forming trabecular surfaces 890:925 Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial 866:1066 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 2 67 from supplementation 411:425 arg1 arm 442:444 the placebo arm 430:444 the placebo arm 430:444 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 2 67 from supplementation 411:425 arg1 practice 462:469 clinical practice 453:469 clinical practice 453:469 While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. 27826025 1 68 theme Prospective 147:157 arg1 trials 180:185 Prospective, controlled clinical trials 147:185 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis 147:216 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 1 69 theme drug 257:260 arg1 effects 236:242 effects 236:242 effects of an active drug with placebo 236:273 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 4 70 theme study 985:989 arg1 samples 959:965 pre-treatment samples 945:965 pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study 945:989 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 4 70 theme study 985:989 arg1 biopsies 1008:1015 the endpoint biopsies 995:1015 the endpoint biopsies of the control arm 995:1034 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 4 71 from biopsies 1008:1015 arg1 surfaces 918:925 the bone forming trabecular surfaces 890:925 Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial 866:1066 We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. 27826025 1 72 from trials 180:185 arg1 osteoporosis 205:216 postmenopausal osteoporosis 190:216 postmenopausal osteoporosis 190:216 Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. 27826025 7 73 theme vitamin 1431:1437 arg1 D 1439:1439 vitamin D 1431:1439 vitamin D 1431:1439 In conclusion, vitamin D and calcium supplementation is associated with altered mineral and organic matrix properties. 27826025 5 74 theme mineral 1221:1227 arg1 MMC 1253:1255 MMC 1253:1255 MMC 1253:1255 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 5 74 theme mineral 1221:1227 arg1 maturity/crystallinity 1229:1250 the mineral maturity/crystallinity 1217:1250 the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) 1217:1256 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 27826025 5 74 theme mineral 1221:1227 arg1 lower 1297:1301 lower 1297:1301 lower 1297:1301 In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. 25473799 6 0 from 1 h/day 955:961 arg1 days 966:969 days 10-14 966:975 days 10-14 966:975 Digoxin, ATP, or both agents were added to the culture medium for 1 h/day on days 10-14. 25473799 8 1 theme collagen 1171:1178 arg1 content 1180:1186 neocartilage collagen content 1158:1186 neocartilage collagen content 1158:1186 Digoxin and ATP were found to increase neocartilage collagen content by 52-110% over untreated controls, while maintaining proteoglycan content near native tissue values. 25473799 4 2 theme collagen 708:715 arg1 synthesis 717:725 collagen synthesis 708:725 collagen synthesis 708:725 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 2 3 used used 324:327 arg2 stimuli 306:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli 274:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli 274:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli have been used to enhance the functional properties of engineered musculoskeletal tissues. 25473799 0 4 theme cartilage 90:98 arg1 properties 58:67 the functional properties 43:67 the functional properties of tissue-engineered cartilage 43:98 Digoxin and adenosine triphosphate enhance the functional properties of tissue-engineered cartilage. 25473799 9 5 theme tensile 1333:1339 arg1 modulus 1341:1347 the tensile modulus 1329:1347 the tensile modulus 1329:1347 Furthermore, digoxin and ATP increased the tensile modulus by 280% and 180%, respectively, while the application of both agents increased the modulus by 380%. 25473799 11 6 theme Live 1549:1552 arg1 2+ 1557:1558 2+ 1557:1558 2+ 1557:1558 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments revealed that both digoxin and ATP were able to increase Ca(2+) oscillations in monolayer-cultured chondrocytes. 25473799 11 6 theme Live 1549:1552 arg1 Ca 1554:1555 Live Ca 1549:1555 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments 1549:1579 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments revealed that both digoxin and ATP were able to increase Ca(2+) oscillations in monolayer-cultured chondrocytes. 25473799 4 7 theme study 559:563 arg1 objective 541:549 The objective 537:549 The objective of this study 537:563 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 11 8 theme Ca 1554:1555 arg1 experiments 1569:1579 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments 1549:1579 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments 1549:1579 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments revealed that both digoxin and ATP were able to increase Ca(2+) oscillations in monolayer-cultured chondrocytes. 25473799 11 9 from oscillations 1645:1656 arg1 chondrocytes 1680:1691 monolayer-cultured chondrocytes 1661:1691 monolayer-cultured chondrocytes 1661:1691 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments revealed that both digoxin and ATP were able to increase Ca(2+) oscillations in monolayer-cultured chondrocytes. 25473799 12 10 theme novel 1818:1822 arg1 modulators 1831:1840 novel Ca(2+) modulators 1818:1840 novel Ca(2+) modulators 1818:1840 This study provides a novel approach toward directing neocartilage maturation and enhancing its functional properties using novel Ca(2+) modulators. 25473799 4 11 theme functional 731:740 arg1 properties 742:751 functional properties 731:751 functional properties of engineered cartilage 731:775 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 8 12 theme untreated 1204:1212 arg1 controls 1214:1221 untreated controls 1204:1221 untreated controls 1204:1221 Digoxin and ATP were found to increase neocartilage collagen content by 52-110% over untreated controls, while maintaining proteoglycan content near native tissue values. 25473799 9 13 theme agents 1411:1416 arg1 application 1391:1401 the application 1387:1401 the application of both agents 1387:1416 Furthermore, digoxin and ATP increased the tensile modulus by 280% and 180%, respectively, while the application of both agents increased the modulus by 380%. 25473799 5 14 theme primary 850:856 arg1 chondrocytes 875:886 primary bovine articular chondrocytes 850:886 primary bovine articular chondrocytes 850:886 Neocartilage constructs were formed by scaffold-free self-assembling of primary bovine articular chondrocytes. 25473799 1 15 theme relevant 190:197 arg1 properties 210:219 relevant functional properties 190:219 relevant functional properties 190:219 Toward developing engineered cartilage for the treatment of cartilage defects, achieving relevant functional properties before implantation remains a significant challenge. 25473799 1 16 theme functional 199:208 arg1 properties 210:219 relevant functional properties 190:219 relevant functional properties 190:219 Toward developing engineered cartilage for the treatment of cartilage defects, achieving relevant functional properties before implantation remains a significant challenge. 25473799 3 17 theme -modulating 421:431 arg1 agents 433:438 Ca(2+)-modulating agents 415:438 Ca(2+)-modulating agents 415:438 Recently, Ca(2+)-modulating agents have been used to enhance matrix synthesis and biomechanical properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 10 18 theme cross-linking 1534:1546 arg1 amount 1515:1520 the amount 1511:1520 the amount of collagen cross-linking 1511:1546 The trends in tensile properties were found to correlate with the amount of collagen cross-linking. 25473799 10 18 theme cross-linking 1534:1546 arg1 cross-linking 1534:1546 collagen cross-linking 1525:1546 collagen cross-linking 1525:1546 The trends in tensile properties were found to correlate with the amount of collagen cross-linking. 25473799 10 19 theme tensile 1463:1469 arg1 properties 1471:1480 tensile properties 1463:1480 tensile properties 1463:1480 The trends in tensile properties were found to correlate with the amount of collagen cross-linking. 25473799 5 20 theme Neocartilage 778:789 arg1 constructs 791:800 Neocartilage constructs 778:800 Neocartilage constructs 778:800 Neocartilage constructs were formed by scaffold-free self-assembling of primary bovine articular chondrocytes. 25473799 4 21 theme engineered 756:765 arg1 cartilage 767:775 engineered cartilage 756:775 engineered cartilage 756:775 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 22 theme novel 682:686 arg1 stimuli 688:694 novel stimuli 682:694 novel stimuli 682:694 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 22 theme novel 682:686 arg1 modulators 609:618 other known Ca(2+) modulators 590:618 other known Ca(2+) modulators 590:618 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 5 23 theme bovine 858:863 arg1 chondrocytes 875:886 primary bovine articular chondrocytes 850:886 primary bovine articular chondrocytes 850:886 Neocartilage constructs were formed by scaffold-free self-assembling of primary bovine articular chondrocytes. 25473799 4 24 theme Ca 602:603 arg1 stimuli 688:694 novel stimuli 682:694 novel stimuli 682:694 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 24 theme Ca 602:603 arg1 digoxin 621:627 digoxin 621:627 digoxin 621:627 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 24 theme Ca 602:603 arg1 triphosphate 643:654 adenosine triphosphate 633:654 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 633:660 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 24 theme Ca 602:603 arg1 modulators 609:618 other known Ca(2+) modulators 590:618 other known Ca(2+) modulators 590:618 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 11 25 theme imaging 1561:1567 arg1 experiments 1569:1579 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments 1549:1579 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments 1549:1579 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments revealed that both digoxin and ATP were able to increase Ca(2+) oscillations in monolayer-cultured chondrocytes. 25473799 3 26 theme matrix 466:471 arg1 synthesis 473:481 matrix synthesis 466:481 matrix synthesis 466:481 Recently, Ca(2+)-modulating agents have been used to enhance matrix synthesis and biomechanical properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 5 27 theme articular 865:873 arg1 chondrocytes 875:886 primary bovine articular chondrocytes 850:886 primary bovine articular chondrocytes 850:886 Neocartilage constructs were formed by scaffold-free self-assembling of primary bovine articular chondrocytes. 25473799 4 28 theme known 596:600 arg1 stimuli 688:694 novel stimuli 682:694 novel stimuli 682:694 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 28 theme known 596:600 arg1 digoxin 621:627 digoxin 621:627 digoxin 621:627 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 28 theme known 596:600 arg1 triphosphate 643:654 adenosine triphosphate 633:654 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 633:660 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 28 theme known 596:600 arg1 modulators 609:618 other known Ca(2+) modulators 590:618 other known Ca(2+) modulators 590:618 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 7 29 theme biomechanical 1093:1105 arg1 properties 1107:1116 biomechanical properties 1093:1116 biomechanical properties 1093:1116 After 4 weeks of culture, neocartilage properties were assessed for gross morphology, biochemical composition, and biomechanical properties. 25473799 2 30 theme functional 344:353 arg1 properties 355:364 the functional properties 340:364 the functional properties of engineered musculoskeletal tissues 340:402 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli have been used to enhance the functional properties of engineered musculoskeletal tissues. 25473799 0 31 theme adenosine 12:20 arg1 triphosphate 22:33 adenosine triphosphate 12:33 adenosine triphosphate 12:33 Digoxin and adenosine triphosphate enhance the functional properties of tissue-engineered cartilage. 25473799 10 32 theme collagen 1525:1532 arg1 cross-linking 1534:1546 collagen cross-linking 1525:1546 collagen cross-linking 1525:1546 The trends in tensile properties were found to correlate with the amount of collagen cross-linking. 25473799 4 33 theme cartilage 767:775 arg1 synthesis 717:725 collagen synthesis 708:725 collagen synthesis 708:725 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 33 theme cartilage 767:775 arg1 properties 742:751 functional properties 731:751 functional properties of engineered cartilage 731:775 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 3 34 theme engineered 515:524 arg1 cartilage 526:534 engineered cartilage 515:534 engineered cartilage 515:534 Recently, Ca(2+)-modulating agents have been used to enhance matrix synthesis and biomechanical properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 2 35 theme chemical 282:289 arg1 stimuli 306:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli 274:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli 274:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli have been used to enhance the functional properties of engineered musculoskeletal tissues. 25473799 3 36 theme biomechanical 487:499 arg1 properties 501:510 biomechanical properties 487:510 biomechanical properties of engineered cartilage 487:534 Recently, Ca(2+)-modulating agents have been used to enhance matrix synthesis and biomechanical properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 8 37 theme proteoglycan 1242:1253 arg1 content 1255:1261 proteoglycan content 1242:1261 proteoglycan content near native tissue values 1242:1287 Digoxin and ATP were found to increase neocartilage collagen content by 52-110% over untreated controls, while maintaining proteoglycan content near native tissue values. 25473799 2 38 theme Various 274:280 arg1 stimuli 306:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli 274:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli 274:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli have been used to enhance the functional properties of engineered musculoskeletal tissues. 25473799 12 39 theme Ca 1824:1825 arg1 modulators 1831:1840 novel Ca(2+) modulators 1818:1840 novel Ca(2+) modulators 1818:1840 This study provides a novel approach toward directing neocartilage maturation and enhancing its functional properties using novel Ca(2+) modulators. 25473799 1 40 theme significant 251:261 arg1 challenge 263:271 a significant challenge 249:271 a significant challenge 249:271 Toward developing engineered cartilage for the treatment of cartilage defects, achieving relevant functional properties before implantation remains a significant challenge. 25473799 8 41 theme native 1268:1273 arg1 values 1282:1287 native tissue values 1268:1287 native tissue values 1268:1287 Digoxin and ATP were found to increase neocartilage collagen content by 52-110% over untreated controls, while maintaining proteoglycan content near native tissue values. 25473799 7 42 theme biochemical 1064:1074 arg1 composition 1076:1086 biochemical composition 1064:1086 biochemical composition 1064:1086 After 4 weeks of culture, neocartilage properties were assessed for gross morphology, biochemical composition, and biomechanical properties. 25473799 11 43 theme monolayer-cultured 1661:1678 arg1 chondrocytes 1680:1691 monolayer-cultured chondrocytes 1661:1691 monolayer-cultured chondrocytes 1661:1691 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments revealed that both digoxin and ATP were able to increase Ca(2+) oscillations in monolayer-cultured chondrocytes. 25473799 7 44 theme gross 1046:1050 arg1 morphology 1052:1061 gross morphology 1046:1061 gross morphology 1046:1061 After 4 weeks of culture, neocartilage properties were assessed for gross morphology, biochemical composition, and biomechanical properties. 25473799 0 45 theme functional 47:56 arg1 properties 58:67 the functional properties 43:67 the functional properties of tissue-engineered cartilage 43:98 Digoxin and adenosine triphosphate enhance the functional properties of tissue-engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 46 theme other 590:594 arg1 stimuli 688:694 novel stimuli 682:694 novel stimuli 682:694 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 46 theme other 590:594 arg1 digoxin 621:627 digoxin 621:627 digoxin 621:627 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 46 theme other 590:594 arg1 triphosphate 643:654 adenosine triphosphate 633:654 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 633:660 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 46 theme other 590:594 arg1 modulators 609:618 other known Ca(2+) modulators 590:618 other known Ca(2+) modulators 590:618 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 12 47 theme novel 1716:1720 arg1 approach 1722:1729 a novel approach 1714:1729 a novel approach toward directing neocartilage maturation and enhancing its functional properties using novel Ca(2+) modulators 1714:1840 This study provides a novel approach toward directing neocartilage maturation and enhancing its functional properties using novel Ca(2+) modulators. 25473799 2 48 theme tissues 396:402 arg1 properties 355:364 the functional properties 340:364 the functional properties of engineered musculoskeletal tissues 340:402 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli have been used to enhance the functional properties of engineered musculoskeletal tissues. 25473799 12 49 theme functional 1790:1799 arg1 properties 1801:1810 its functional properties 1786:1810 its functional properties using novel Ca(2+) modulators 1786:1840 This study provides a novel approach toward directing neocartilage maturation and enhancing its functional properties using novel Ca(2+) modulators. 25473799 12 50 theme neocartilage 1748:1759 arg1 maturation 1761:1770 neocartilage maturation 1748:1770 neocartilage maturation 1748:1770 This study provides a novel approach toward directing neocartilage maturation and enhancing its functional properties using novel Ca(2+) modulators. 25473799 3 51 theme cartilage 526:534 arg1 synthesis 473:481 matrix synthesis 466:481 matrix synthesis 466:481 Recently, Ca(2+)-modulating agents have been used to enhance matrix synthesis and biomechanical properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 3 51 theme cartilage 526:534 arg1 properties 501:510 biomechanical properties 487:510 biomechanical properties of engineered cartilage 487:534 Recently, Ca(2+)-modulating agents have been used to enhance matrix synthesis and biomechanical properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 1 52 theme engineered 119:128 arg1 cartilage 130:138 engineered cartilage 119:138 engineered cartilage 119:138 Toward developing engineered cartilage for the treatment of cartilage defects, achieving relevant functional properties before implantation remains a significant challenge. 25473799 4 53 theme adenosine 633:641 arg1 ATP 657:659 ATP 657:659 ATP 657:659 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 53 theme adenosine 633:641 arg1 triphosphate 643:654 adenosine triphosphate 633:654 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 633:660 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 4 53 theme adenosine 633:641 arg1 modulators 609:618 other known Ca(2+) modulators 590:618 other known Ca(2+) modulators 590:618 The objective of this study was to determine whether other known Ca(2+) modulators, digoxin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), can be employed as novel stimuli to increase collagen synthesis and functional properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 3 54 used used 450:453 arg2 agents 433:438 Ca(2+)-modulating agents 415:438 Ca(2+)-modulating agents 415:438 Recently, Ca(2+)-modulating agents have been used to enhance matrix synthesis and biomechanical properties of engineered cartilage. 25473799 7 55 theme neocartilage 1004:1015 arg1 properties 1017:1026 neocartilage properties 1004:1026 neocartilage properties 1004:1026 After 4 weeks of culture, neocartilage properties were assessed for gross morphology, biochemical composition, and biomechanical properties. 25473799 2 56 theme engineered 369:378 arg1 tissues 396:402 engineered musculoskeletal tissues 369:402 engineered musculoskeletal tissues 369:402 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli have been used to enhance the functional properties of engineered musculoskeletal tissues. 25473799 11 57 theme Ca 1638:1639 arg1 oscillations 1645:1656 Ca(2+) oscillations 1638:1656 Ca(2+) oscillations in monolayer-cultured chondrocytes 1638:1691 Live Ca(2+) imaging experiments revealed that both digoxin and ATP were able to increase Ca(2+) oscillations in monolayer-cultured chondrocytes. 25473799 2 58 theme musculoskeletal 380:394 arg1 tissues 396:402 engineered musculoskeletal tissues 369:402 engineered musculoskeletal tissues 369:402 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli have been used to enhance the functional properties of engineered musculoskeletal tissues. 25473799 0 59 theme tissue-engineered 72:88 arg1 cartilage 90:98 tissue-engineered cartilage 72:98 tissue-engineered cartilage 72:98 Digoxin and adenosine triphosphate enhance the functional properties of tissue-engineered cartilage. 25473799 2 60 theme mechanical 295:304 arg1 stimuli 306:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli 274:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli 274:312 Various chemical and mechanical stimuli have been used to enhance the functional properties of engineered musculoskeletal tissues. 25473799 1 61 theme cartilage 161:169 arg1 defects 171:177 cartilage defects 161:177 cartilage defects 161:177 Toward developing engineered cartilage for the treatment of cartilage defects, achieving relevant functional properties before implantation remains a significant challenge. 25473799 8 62 theme tissue 1275:1280 arg1 values 1282:1287 native tissue values 1268:1287 native tissue values 1268:1287 Digoxin and ATP were found to increase neocartilage collagen content by 52-110% over untreated controls, while maintaining proteoglycan content near native tissue values. 25473799 6 63 theme culture 936:942 arg1 medium 944:949 the culture medium 932:949 the culture medium for 1 h/day on days 10-14 932:975 Digoxin, ATP, or both agents were added to the culture medium for 1 h/day on days 10-14. 25473799 8 64 theme neocartilage 1158:1169 arg1 content 1180:1186 neocartilage collagen content 1158:1186 neocartilage collagen content 1158:1186 Digoxin and ATP were found to increase neocartilage collagen content by 52-110% over untreated controls, while maintaining proteoglycan content near native tissue values. 25473799 5 65 theme chondrocytes 875:886 arg1 self-assembling 831:845 self-assembling 831:845 self-assembling 831:845 Neocartilage constructs were formed by scaffold-free self-assembling of primary bovine articular chondrocytes. 25473799 7 66 theme culture 995:1001 arg1 weeks 986:990 4 weeks 984:990 4 weeks of culture 984:1001 After 4 weeks of culture, neocartilage properties were assessed for gross morphology, biochemical composition, and biomechanical properties. 25473799 1 67 theme defects 171:177 arg1 treatment 148:156 the treatment 144:156 the treatment of cartilage defects 144:177 Toward developing engineered cartilage for the treatment of cartilage defects, achieving relevant functional properties before implantation remains a significant challenge. 25473799 10 68 from trends 1453:1458 arg1 properties 1471:1480 tensile properties 1463:1480 tensile properties 1463:1480 The trends in tensile properties were found to correlate with the amount of collagen cross-linking. 27040632 2 0 theme methanol 339:346 arg1 DBO-M 358:362 DBO-M 358:362 DBO-M 358:362 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 2 0 theme methanol 339:346 arg1 fractions 328:336 two fractions 324:336 two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H) 324:391 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 2 0 theme methanol 339:346 arg1 fraction 348:355 methanol fraction 339:355 methanol fraction (DBO-M) 339:363 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 6 1 from production 856:865 arg1 cells 879:883 RAW264.7 cells 870:883 RAW264.7 cells 870:883 DBO-M significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 27040632 1 2 theme inflammatory 222:233 arg1 responses 235:243 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses 189:243 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells 189:261 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 6 3 theme oxide 845:849 arg1 production 856:865 LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production 826:865 LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells 826:883 DBO-M significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 27040632 1 4 theme deer 157:160 arg1 extract 171:177 deer bone oil extract 157:177 deer bone oil extract (DBOE) 157:184 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 1 4 theme deer 157:160 arg1 DBOE 180:183 DBOE 180:183 DBOE 180:183 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 8 5 theme mRNA 1068:1071 arg1 expression 1073:1082 mRNA expression 1068:1082 mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12β, 1068:1178 In addition, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12β, was suppressed by DBO-M. 27040632 6 6 theme nitric 838:843 arg1 oxide 845:849 nitric oxide 838:849 LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells 826:883 DBO-M significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 27040632 6 6 theme nitric 838:843 arg1 NO 852:853 NO 852:853 NO 852:853 DBO-M significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 27040632 7 7 theme oxide 1032:1036 arg1 synthase 1038:1045 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1015:1045 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 1015:1052 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 7 7 theme oxide 1032:1036 arg1 iNOS 1048:1051 iNOS 1048:1051 iNOS 1048:1051 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 4 8 theme carnitine 564:572 arg1 compositions 534:545 The relative compositions 521:545 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid 521:611 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. 27040632 6 9 theme LPS-induced 826:836 arg1 production 856:865 LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production 826:865 LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells 826:883 DBO-M significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 27040632 7 10 theme synthase 1038:1045 arg1 levels 1005:1010 mRNA and protein levels 988:1010 mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 988:1052 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 9 11 theme important 1310:1318 arg1 role 1320:1323 an important role 1307:1323 an important role 1307:1323 Our data showed that DBO-M, which has relatively higher sugar content than DBOE and DBO-H, could play an important role in suppressing inflammatory responses by controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. 27040632 1 12 theme RAW264.7 248:255 arg1 cells 257:261 RAW264.7 cells 248:261 RAW264.7 cells 248:261 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 9 13 theme inflammatory 1340:1351 arg1 responses 1353:1361 inflammatory responses 1340:1361 inflammatory responses 1340:1361 Our data showed that DBO-M, which has relatively higher sugar content than DBOE and DBO-H, could play an important role in suppressing inflammatory responses by controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. 27040632 7 14 theme inducible 1015:1023 arg1 synthase 1038:1045 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1015:1045 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 1015:1052 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 7 14 theme inducible 1015:1023 arg1 iNOS 1048:1051 iNOS 1048:1051 iNOS 1048:1051 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 1 15 from effect 147:152 arg1 responses 235:243 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses 189:243 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells 189:261 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 1 16 theme bone 162:165 arg1 extract 171:177 deer bone oil extract 157:177 deer bone oil extract (DBOE) 157:184 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 1 16 theme bone 162:165 arg1 DBOE 180:183 DBOE 180:183 DBOE 180:183 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 4 17 theme tetradecenoyl 550:562 arg1 carnitine 564:572 tetradecenoyl carnitine 550:572 tetradecenoyl carnitine 550:572 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. 27040632 7 18 theme nitric 1025:1030 arg1 synthase 1038:1045 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1015:1045 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 1015:1052 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 7 18 theme nitric 1025:1030 arg1 iNOS 1048:1051 iNOS 1048:1051 iNOS 1048:1051 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 9 19 theme pro-inflammatory 1378:1393 arg1 cytokines 1395:1403 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1378:1403 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1378:1403 Our data showed that DBO-M, which has relatively higher sugar content than DBOE and DBO-H, could play an important role in suppressing inflammatory responses by controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. 27040632 8 20 theme pro-inflammatory 1087:1102 arg1 cyclooxygenase 1123:1136 cyclooxygenase 1123:1136 cyclooxygenase (COX-2) 1123:1144 In addition, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12β, was suppressed by DBO-M. 27040632 8 20 theme pro-inflammatory 1087:1102 arg1 mediators 1104:1112 pro-inflammatory mediators 1087:1112 pro-inflammatory mediators 1087:1112 In addition, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12β, was suppressed by DBO-M. 27040632 8 20 theme pro-inflammatory 1087:1102 arg1 IL 1160:1161 interleukin (IL)-1β 1147:1165 interleukin (IL)-1β 1147:1165 In addition, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12β, was suppressed by DBO-M. 27040632 8 20 theme pro-inflammatory 1087:1102 arg1 IL-12β 1172:1177 IL-12β 1172:1177 IL-12β 1172:1177 In addition, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12β, was suppressed by DBO-M. 27040632 1 21 theme oil 167:169 arg1 extract 171:177 deer bone oil extract 157:177 deer bone oil extract (DBOE) 157:184 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 1 21 theme oil 167:169 arg1 DBOE 180:183 DBOE 180:183 DBOE 180:183 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 0 22 theme Bone 5:8 arg1 Extract 14:20 Deer Bone Oil Extract 0:20 Deer Bone Oil Extract 0:20 Deer Bone Oil Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Cells. 27040632 7 23 from decrease 933:940 arg1 production 948:957 NO production 945:957 NO production 945:957 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 7 24 theme levels 1005:1010 arg1 downregulation 970:983 downregulation 970:983 downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 970:1052 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 1 25 theme extract 171:177 arg1 effect 147:152 the effect 143:152 the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells 143:261 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 0 26 theme Deer 0:3 arg1 Extract 14:20 Deer Bone Oil Extract 0:20 Deer Bone Oil Extract 0:20 Deer Bone Oil Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Cells. 27040632 6 27 theme dose-dependent 890:903 arg1 manner 905:910 a dose-dependent manner 888:910 a dose-dependent manner 888:910 DBO-M significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 27040632 7 28 theme mRNA 988:991 arg1 levels 1005:1010 mRNA and protein levels 988:1010 mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 988:1052 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 2 29 theme liquid-liquid 289:301 arg1 extraction 303:312 liquid-liquid extraction 289:312 liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H) 289:391 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 4 30 theme DBO-M 630:634 arg1 fraction 636:643 the DBO-M fraction 626:643 the DBO-M fraction 626:643 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. 27040632 2 31 dep fractions 328:336 arg1 DBO-H 386:390 DBO-H 386:390 DBO-H 386:390 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 2 31 dep fractions 328:336 arg1 DBO-M 358:362 DBO-M 358:362 DBO-M 358:362 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 2 31 dep fractions 328:336 arg1 fractions 328:336 two fractions 324:336 two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H) 324:391 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 2 31 dep fractions 328:336 arg1 fraction 348:355 methanol fraction 339:355 methanol fraction (DBO-M) 339:363 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 2 31 dep fractions 328:336 arg1 fraction 376:383 hexane fraction 369:383 hexane fraction (DBO-H) 369:391 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 4 32 theme palmitoleic 596:606 arg1 acid 608:611 palmitoleic acid 596:611 palmitoleic acid 596:611 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. 27040632 0 33 theme Oil 10:12 arg1 Extract 14:20 Deer Bone Oil Extract 0:20 Deer Bone Oil Extract 0:20 Deer Bone Oil Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Cells. 27040632 4 34 theme relative 525:532 arg1 compositions 534:545 The relative compositions 521:545 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid 521:611 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. 27040632 7 35 theme protein 997:1003 arg1 levels 1005:1010 mRNA and protein levels 988:1010 mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 988:1052 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 3 36 contain had 416:418 arg2 acids 493:497 unsaturated fatty acids 475:497 unsaturated fatty acids 475:497 TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 3 36 contain had 416:418 arg1 DBO-M 410:414 DBO-M 410:414 DBO-M 410:414 TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 3 36 contain had 416:418 arg2 complexes 454:462 relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes 420:462 relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes 420:462 TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 3 37 theme unsaturated 475:485 arg1 acids 493:497 unsaturated fatty acids 475:497 unsaturated fatty acids 475:497 TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 5 38 theme DBO-M 760:764 arg1 fraction 766:773 the DBO-M fraction 756:773 the DBO-M fraction 756:773 The concentration of sugar moieties was 3-fold higher in the DBO-M fraction than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 0 39 theme Lipopolysaccharide-Induced 33:58 arg1 Responses 73:81 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses 33:81 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses 33:81 Deer Bone Oil Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Cells. 27040632 4 40 dep increased 613:621 arg1 compared 679:686 compared 679:686 compared with DBOE 679:696 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. 27040632 8 41 theme interleukin 1147:1157 arg1 IL 1160:1161 interleukin (IL)-1β 1147:1165 interleukin (IL)-1β 1147:1165 In addition, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12β, was suppressed by DBO-M. 27040632 2 42 theme hexane 369:374 arg1 fractions 328:336 two fractions 324:336 two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H) 324:391 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 2 42 theme hexane 369:374 arg1 DBO-H 386:390 DBO-H 386:390 DBO-H 386:390 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 2 42 theme hexane 369:374 arg1 fraction 376:383 hexane fraction 369:383 hexane fraction (DBO-H) 369:391 DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). 27040632 6 43 theme RAW264.7 870:877 arg1 cells 879:883 RAW264.7 cells 870:883 RAW264.7 cells 870:883 DBO-M significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 27040632 1 44 from responses 235:243 arg1 cells 257:261 RAW264.7 cells 248:261 RAW264.7 cells 248:261 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 7 45 theme NO 945:946 arg1 production 948:957 NO production 945:957 NO production 945:957 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 4 46 theme acid 608:611 arg1 compositions 534:545 The relative compositions 521:545 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid 521:611 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. 27040632 5 47 theme sugar 720:724 arg1 moieties 726:733 sugar moieties 720:733 sugar moieties 720:733 The concentration of sugar moieties was 3-fold higher in the DBO-M fraction than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 5 48 theme moieties 726:733 arg1 concentration 703:715 The concentration 699:715 The concentration of sugar moieties 699:733 The concentration of sugar moieties was 3-fold higher in the DBO-M fraction than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 5 48 theme moieties 726:733 arg1 higher 746:751 higher 746:751 higher 746:751 The concentration of sugar moieties was 3-fold higher in the DBO-M fraction than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 1 49 theme study 118:122 arg1 aim 106:108 The aim 102:108 The aim of this study 102:122 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 27040632 0 50 theme Inflammatory 60:71 arg1 Responses 73:81 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses 33:81 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses 33:81 Deer Bone Oil Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Cells. 27040632 3 51 theme hydrophilic 436:446 arg1 complexes 454:462 relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes 420:462 relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes 420:462 TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 3 51 theme hydrophilic 436:446 arg1 acids 493:497 unsaturated fatty acids 475:497 unsaturated fatty acids 475:497 TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 4 52 theme α-linoleic 575:584 arg1 acid 586:589 α-linoleic acid 575:589 α-linoleic acid 575:589 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. 27040632 9 53 contain has 1239:1241 arg2 content 1267:1273 relatively higher sugar content 1243:1273 relatively higher sugar content 1243:1273 Our data showed that DBO-M, which has relatively higher sugar content than DBOE and DBO-H, could play an important role in suppressing inflammatory responses by controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. 27040632 9 53 contain has 1239:1241 arg1 DBO-M 1226:1230 DBO-M 1226:1230 DBO-M 1226:1230 Our data showed that DBO-M, which has relatively higher sugar content than DBOE and DBO-H, could play an important role in suppressing inflammatory responses by controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. 27040632 3 54 theme lipid 448:452 arg1 complexes 454:462 relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes 420:462 relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes 420:462 TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 3 54 theme lipid 448:452 arg1 acids 493:497 unsaturated fatty acids 475:497 unsaturated fatty acids 475:497 TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 9 55 theme higher 1254:1259 arg1 content 1267:1273 relatively higher sugar content 1243:1273 relatively higher sugar content 1243:1273 Our data showed that DBO-M, which has relatively higher sugar content than DBOE and DBO-H, could play an important role in suppressing inflammatory responses by controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. 27040632 0 56 theme RAW264.7 86:93 arg1 Cells 95:99 RAW264.7 Cells 86:99 RAW264.7 Cells 86:99 Deer Bone Oil Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Cells. 27040632 7 57 theme DBO-M-mediated 918:931 arg1 decrease 933:940 This DBO-M-mediated decrease 913:940 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production 913:957 This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 27040632 3 58 theme fatty 487:491 arg1 acids 493:497 unsaturated fatty acids 475:497 unsaturated fatty acids 475:497 TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. 27040632 9 59 theme sugar 1261:1265 arg1 content 1267:1273 relatively higher sugar content 1243:1273 relatively higher sugar content 1243:1273 Our data showed that DBO-M, which has relatively higher sugar content than DBOE and DBO-H, could play an important role in suppressing inflammatory responses by controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. 27040632 4 60 theme acid 586:589 arg1 compositions 534:545 The relative compositions 521:545 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid 521:611 The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. 27040632 8 61 theme mediators 1104:1112 arg1 expression 1073:1082 mRNA expression 1068:1082 mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12β, 1068:1178 In addition, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12β, was suppressed by DBO-M. 27040632 1 62 theme -induced 213:220 arg1 responses 235:243 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses 189:243 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells 189:261 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. 26582156 5 0 theme Anti-inflammatory 703:719 arg1 activities 721:730 Anti-inflammatory activities 703:730 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL 703:776 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 6 1 theme seahorse 962:969 arg1 lipids 952:957 lipids 952:957 lipids of seahorse 952:969 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 3 2 theme neutral 485:491 arg1 glycolipids 506:516 glycolipids 506:516 glycolipids (GL) 506:521 FrIV was collected after silica gel column chromatography, and neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), phospholipids (PL) were separated from FrIV. 26582156 3 2 theme neutral 485:491 arg1 lipids 493:498 neutral lipids 485:498 neutral lipids (NL) 485:503 FrIV was collected after silica gel column chromatography, and neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), phospholipids (PL) were separated from FrIV. 26582156 3 2 theme neutral 485:491 arg1 NL 501:502 NL 501:502 NL 501:502 FrIV was collected after silica gel column chromatography, and neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), phospholipids (PL) were separated from FrIV. 26582156 3 2 theme neutral 485:491 arg1 phospholipids 524:536 phospholipids 524:536 phospholipids (PL) 524:541 FrIV was collected after silica gel column chromatography, and neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), phospholipids (PL) were separated from FrIV. 26582156 0 3 theme RAW264.7 63:70 arg1 Inflammation 72:83 LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation 40:83 LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation 40:83 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach. 26582156 7 4 theme cytokines 1307:1315 arg1 generation 1276:1285 the generation 1272:1285 the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL) 1272:1395 Among the fractions, GL (50 μg/mL) showed the highest capacity to attenuate the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL). 26582156 1 5 theme present 147:153 arg1 study 155:159 The present study 143:159 The present study 143:159 The present study attempts to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish. 26582156 1 6 theme three-spot 251:260 arg1 seahorse 262:269 three-spot seahorse 251:269 three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish 251:300 The present study attempts to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish. 26582156 6 7 theme in 1010:1011 arg1 suppression 1019:1029 the in vitro suppression 1006:1029 the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1006:1126 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 5 8 theme murine 874:879 arg1 cells 910:914 murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells 874:914 murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells 874:914 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 6 9 theme nitric 1049:1054 arg1 NO 1063:1064 NO 1063:1064 NO 1063:1064 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 6 9 theme nitric 1049:1054 arg1 oxide 1056:1060 nitric oxide 1049:1060 nitric oxide (NO) 1049:1065 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 1 10 theme seahorse 262:269 arg1 extracts 239:246 the isolated lipid extracts 220:246 the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish 220:300 The present study attempts to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish. 26582156 4 11 dep transform 663:671 arg1 infrared 673:680 infrared 673:680 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 663:700 Basic compositions were detected and analyzed via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26582156 4 12 theme Basic 569:573 arg1 compositions 575:586 Basic compositions 569:586 Basic compositions 569:586 Basic compositions were detected and analyzed via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26582156 6 13 theme interleukin 1068:1078 arg1 release 1038:1044 the release 1034:1044 the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1034:1126 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 5 14 theme monocyte 881:888 arg1 cells 910:914 murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells 874:914 murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells 874:914 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 2 15 with extraction 393:402 arg1 ethanol 413:419 95% ethanol 409:419 95% ethanol 409:419 Petroleum ether (PE) extract was obtained from systematic solvent extraction after reflux extraction with 95% ethanol. 26582156 2 16 theme 95 409:410 arg1 % 411:411 % 411:411 % 411:411 Petroleum ether (PE) extract was obtained from systematic solvent extraction after reflux extraction with 95% ethanol. 26582156 5 17 theme macrophage 890:899 arg1 cells 910:914 murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells 874:914 murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells 874:914 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 6 18 theme positive 980:987 arg1 correlation 989:999 a positive correlation 978:999 a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 978:1126 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 2 19 theme reflux 386:391 arg1 extraction 393:402 reflux extraction 386:402 reflux extraction with 95% ethanol 386:419 Petroleum ether (PE) extract was obtained from systematic solvent extraction after reflux extraction with 95% ethanol. 26582156 5 20 theme RAW264.7 901:908 arg1 cells 910:914 murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells 874:914 murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells 874:914 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 8 21 from management 1489:1498 arg1 effective 1472:1480 effective 1472:1480 effective 1472:1480 Collectively, our findings indicated that the lipids from seahorse may be effective in the management of inflammation. 26582156 8 21 from management 1489:1498 arg1 lipids 1444:1449 the lipids 1440:1449 the lipids from seahorse 1440:1463 Collectively, our findings indicated that the lipids from seahorse may be effective in the management of inflammation. 26582156 0 22 theme Comparative 2:12 arg1 Study 14:18 A Comparative Study 0:18 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus 0:134 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach. 26582156 5 23 from lipopolysaccharide 846:863 arg1 cells 910:914 murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells 874:914 murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells 874:914 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 2 24 theme ether 313:317 arg1 extract 324:330 Petroleum ether (PE) extract 303:330 Petroleum ether (PE) extract 303:330 Petroleum ether (PE) extract was obtained from systematic solvent extraction after reflux extraction with 95% ethanol. 26582156 7 25 theme pro-inflammatory 1290:1305 arg1 cytokines 1307:1315 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1290:1315 pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL) 1290:1395 Among the fractions, GL (50 μg/mL) showed the highest capacity to attenuate the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL). 26582156 4 26 theme thin 619:622 arg1 TLC 646:648 TLC 646:648 TLC 646:648 Basic compositions were detected and analyzed via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26582156 4 26 theme thin 619:622 arg1 chromatography 630:643 thin layer chromatography 619:643 thin layer chromatography (TLC) 619:649 Basic compositions were detected and analyzed via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26582156 6 27 theme factor 1113:1118 arg1 release 1038:1044 the release 1034:1044 the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1034:1126 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 2 28 theme Petroleum 303:311 arg1 extract 324:330 Petroleum ether (PE) extract 303:330 Petroleum ether (PE) extract 303:330 Petroleum ether (PE) extract was obtained from systematic solvent extraction after reflux extraction with 95% ethanol. 26582156 6 29 theme cell 1176:1179 arg1 compatibility 1181:1193 cell compatibility 1176:1193 cell compatibility 1176:1193 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 2 30 theme solvent 361:367 arg1 extraction 369:378 systematic solvent extraction 350:378 systematic solvent extraction 350:378 Petroleum ether (PE) extract was obtained from systematic solvent extraction after reflux extraction with 95% ethanol. 26582156 1 31 theme rare 280:283 arg1 fish 297:300 rare marine bony fish 280:300 rare marine bony fish 280:300 The present study attempts to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish. 26582156 6 32 theme oxide 1056:1060 arg1 release 1038:1044 the release 1034:1044 the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1034:1126 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 6 33 dep in 1010:1011 arg1 vitro 1013:1017 vitro 1013:1017 vitro 1013:1017 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 2 34 theme % 411:411 arg1 ethanol 413:419 95% ethanol 409:419 95% ethanol 409:419 Petroleum ether (PE) extract was obtained from systematic solvent extraction after reflux extraction with 95% ethanol. 26582156 4 35 dep Fourier 655:661 arg1 transform 663:671 transform 663:671 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 663:700 Basic compositions were detected and analyzed via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26582156 1 36 theme marine 285:290 arg1 fish 297:300 rare marine bony fish 280:300 rare marine bony fish 280:300 The present study attempts to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish. 26582156 0 37 theme Lipids 101:106 arg1 Effects 27:33 the Effects 23:33 the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus 23:134 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach. 26582156 5 38 theme pro-inflammatory 808:823 arg1 cytokines 825:833 pro-inflammatory cytokines 808:833 pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro 808:923 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 1 39 theme anti-inflammatory 189:205 arg1 potential 207:215 the anti-inflammatory potential 185:215 the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish 185:300 The present study attempts to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish. 26582156 0 40 theme Effects 27:33 arg1 Study 14:18 A Comparative Study 0:18 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus 0:134 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach. 26582156 1 41 theme bony 292:295 arg1 fish 297:300 rare marine bony fish 280:300 rare marine bony fish 280:300 The present study attempts to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish. 26582156 0 42 theme trimaculatus 123:134 arg1 Lipids 101:106 the Lipids 97:106 the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus 97:134 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach. 26582156 6 43 theme necrosis 1104:1111 arg1 TNF 1121:1123 TNF 1121:1123 TNF 1121:1123 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 6 43 theme necrosis 1104:1111 arg1 factor 1113:1118 tumor necrosis factor 1098:1118 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 1098:1124 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 8 44 from seahorse 1456:1463 arg1 effective 1472:1480 effective 1472:1480 effective 1472:1480 Collectively, our findings indicated that the lipids from seahorse may be effective in the management of inflammation. 26582156 8 44 from seahorse 1456:1463 arg1 lipids 1444:1449 the lipids 1440:1449 the lipids from seahorse 1440:1463 Collectively, our findings indicated that the lipids from seahorse may be effective in the management of inflammation. 26582156 5 45 theme total 735:739 arg1 lipids 741:746 total lipids 735:746 total lipids (TL) 735:751 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 5 45 theme total 735:739 arg1 PL 775:776 PL 775:776 PL 775:776 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 5 45 theme total 735:739 arg1 NL 763:764 isolated NL 754:764 isolated NL 754:764 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 5 45 theme total 735:739 arg1 GL 767:768 GL 767:768 GL 767:768 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 5 45 theme total 735:739 arg1 TL 749:750 TL 749:750 TL 749:750 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 0 46 theme Hippocampus 111:121 arg1 trimaculatus 123:134 Hippocampus trimaculatus 111:134 Hippocampus trimaculatus 111:134 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach. 26582156 7 47 theme positive 1353:1360 arg1 DX 1382:1383 DX 1382:1383 DX 1382:1383 Among the fractions, GL (50 μg/mL) showed the highest capacity to attenuate the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL). 26582156 7 47 theme positive 1353:1360 arg1 dexamethasone 1367:1379 the positive drug dexamethasone 1349:1379 the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL) 1349:1395 Among the fractions, GL (50 μg/mL) showed the highest capacity to attenuate the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL). 26582156 7 47 theme positive 1353:1360 arg1 μg/mL 1390:1394 20 μg/mL 1387:1394 20 μg/mL 1387:1394 Among the fractions, GL (50 μg/mL) showed the highest capacity to attenuate the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL). 26582156 6 48 theme tumor 1098:1102 arg1 TNF 1121:1123 TNF 1121:1123 TNF 1121:1123 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 6 48 theme tumor 1098:1102 arg1 factor 1113:1118 tumor necrosis factor 1098:1118 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 1098:1124 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 5 49 theme lipids 741:746 arg1 activities 721:730 Anti-inflammatory activities 703:730 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL 703:776 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 7 50 theme drug 1362:1365 arg1 DX 1382:1383 DX 1382:1383 DX 1382:1383 Among the fractions, GL (50 μg/mL) showed the highest capacity to attenuate the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL). 26582156 7 50 theme drug 1362:1365 arg1 dexamethasone 1367:1379 the positive drug dexamethasone 1349:1379 the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL) 1349:1395 Among the fractions, GL (50 μg/mL) showed the highest capacity to attenuate the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL). 26582156 7 50 theme drug 1362:1365 arg1 μg/mL 1390:1394 20 μg/mL 1387:1394 20 μg/mL 1387:1394 Among the fractions, GL (50 μg/mL) showed the highest capacity to attenuate the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL). 26582156 6 51 with correlation 989:999 arg1 suppression 1019:1029 the in vitro suppression 1006:1029 the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1006:1126 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 3 52 theme gel 454:456 arg1 chromatography 465:478 silica gel column chromatography 447:478 silica gel column chromatography 447:478 FrIV was collected after silica gel column chromatography, and neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), phospholipids (PL) were separated from FrIV. 26582156 6 53 dep oxide 1056:1060 arg1 -α 1125:1126 -α 1125:1126 -α 1125:1126 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 3 54 theme column 458:463 arg1 chromatography 465:478 silica gel column chromatography 447:478 silica gel column chromatography 447:478 FrIV was collected after silica gel column chromatography, and neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), phospholipids (PL) were separated from FrIV. 26582156 6 55 theme IL-1β 1088:1092 arg1 release 1038:1044 the release 1034:1044 the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1034:1126 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 6 56 theme release 1038:1044 arg1 suppression 1019:1029 the in vitro suppression 1006:1029 the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1006:1126 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 6 57 theme dependent 1147:1155 arg1 manner 1157:1162 a dose dependent manner 1140:1162 a dose dependent manner 1140:1162 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 7 58 theme highest 1242:1248 arg1 capacity 1250:1257 the highest capacity 1238:1257 the highest capacity to attenuate the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL) 1238:1395 Among the fractions, GL (50 μg/mL) showed the highest capacity to attenuate the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which was comparable to that of the positive drug dexamethasone (DX) (20 μg/mL). 26582156 2 59 theme PE 320:321 arg1 extract 324:330 Petroleum ether (PE) extract 303:330 Petroleum ether (PE) extract 303:330 Petroleum ether (PE) extract was obtained from systematic solvent extraction after reflux extraction with 95% ethanol. 26582156 6 60 theme dose 1142:1145 arg1 manner 1157:1162 a dose dependent manner 1140:1162 a dose dependent manner 1140:1162 The results revealed that lipids of seahorse showed a positive correlation with the in vitro suppression of the release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently in a dose dependent manner, and showed cell compatibility. 26582156 5 61 theme cytokines 825:833 arg1 secretion 795:803 secretion 795:803 secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro 795:923 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 8 62 from effective 1472:1480 arg1 management 1489:1498 the management 1485:1498 the management of inflammation 1485:1514 Collectively, our findings indicated that the lipids from seahorse may be effective in the management of inflammation. 26582156 0 63 dep Leach 136:140 arg1 Study 14:18 A Comparative Study 0:18 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus 0:134 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach. 26582156 8 64 theme inflammation 1503:1514 arg1 management 1489:1498 the management 1485:1498 the management of inflammation 1485:1514 Collectively, our findings indicated that the lipids from seahorse may be effective in the management of inflammation. 26582156 1 65 theme isolated 224:231 arg1 extracts 239:246 the isolated lipid extracts 220:246 the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish 220:300 The present study attempts to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish. 26582156 0 66 theme Macrophage 52:61 arg1 Inflammation 72:83 LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation 40:83 LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation 40:83 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach. 26582156 3 67 theme silica 447:452 arg1 chromatography 465:478 silica gel column chromatography 447:478 silica gel column chromatography 447:478 FrIV was collected after silica gel column chromatography, and neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), phospholipids (PL) were separated from FrIV. 26582156 2 68 theme systematic 350:359 arg1 extraction 369:378 systematic solvent extraction 350:378 systematic solvent extraction 350:378 Petroleum ether (PE) extract was obtained from systematic solvent extraction after reflux extraction with 95% ethanol. 26582156 1 69 theme lipid 233:237 arg1 extracts 239:246 the isolated lipid extracts 220:246 the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish 220:300 The present study attempts to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish. 26582156 0 70 theme Induced 44:50 arg1 Inflammation 72:83 LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation 40:83 LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation 40:83 A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation in vitro of the Lipids of Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach. 26582156 5 71 theme isolated 754:761 arg1 lipids 741:746 total lipids 735:746 total lipids (TL) 735:751 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 5 71 theme isolated 754:761 arg1 NL 763:764 isolated NL 754:764 isolated NL 754:764 Anti-inflammatory activities of total lipids (TL), isolated NL, GL, and PL were detected by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. 26582156 4 72 theme layer 624:628 arg1 TLC 646:648 TLC 646:648 TLC 646:648 Basic compositions were detected and analyzed via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26582156 4 72 theme layer 624:628 arg1 chromatography 630:643 thin layer chromatography 619:643 thin layer chromatography (TLC) 619:649 Basic compositions were detected and analyzed via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 26582156 1 73 theme extracts 239:246 arg1 potential 207:215 the anti-inflammatory potential 185:215 the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish 185:300 The present study attempts to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated lipid extracts of three-spot seahorse which is rare marine bony fish. 28895518 6 0 from % 1017:1017 arg1 addition 934:941 addition 934:941 addition 934:941 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 4 1 theme independent 671:681 arg1 status 683:688 the taxonomically independent status 653:688 the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis 653:790 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 4 2 from studies 544:550 arg1 region 627:632 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 584:632 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 584:632 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 4 2 from studies 544:550 arg1 gene 564:567 the pheS gene 555:567 the pheS gene 555:567 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 4 2 from studies 544:550 arg1 gene 575:578 rpoA gene 570:578 rpoA gene 570:578 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 3 3 theme 16S 298:300 arg1 analysis 321:328 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:328 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:328 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 2 4 theme short-rod-shaped 107:122 arg1 organism 124:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism 62:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism 62:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 2 4 theme short-rod-shaped 107:122 arg1 strain 241:246 a strain 239:246 a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae 239:271 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 5 5 theme related 900:906 arg1 species 922:928 those related Lactobacillus species 894:928 those related Lactobacillus species 894:928 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 5 6 theme Lactobacillus 908:920 arg1 species 922:928 those related Lactobacillus species 894:928 those related Lactobacillus species 894:928 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 1 7 from beer 45:48 arg1 Finland 53:59 Finland 53:59 Finland 53:59 nov., isolated from beer in Finland. 28895518 6 8 theme siliginins 1056:1065 arg1 16155T 1071:1076 L. siliginins JCM 16155T 1053:1076 L. siliginins JCM 16155T 1053:1076 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 6 8 theme siliginins 1056:1065 arg1 % 1050:1050 12 % 1047:1050 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T) 1047:1077 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 7 9 theme novel 1309:1313 arg1 species 1315:1321 a novel species 1307:1321 a novel species 1307:1321 These studies revealed that VTT E-94560 represents a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus curtus sp. 28895518 3 10 with related 363:369 arg1 similarity 428:437 97.0 % sequence similarity 412:437 97.0 % sequence similarity 412:437 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 7 11 theme name 1338:1341 arg1 sp 1364:1365 the name Lactobacillus curtus sp 1334:1365 the name Lactobacillus curtus sp 1334:1365 These studies revealed that VTT E-94560 represents a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus curtus sp. 28895518 4 12 theme pheS 559:562 arg1 gene 564:567 the pheS gene 555:567 the pheS gene 555:567 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 6 13 dep % 1017:1017 arg1 lower 1105:1109 lower 1105:1109 lower 1105:1109 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 2 14 theme rossiae 265:271 arg1 organism 124:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism 62:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism 62:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 2 14 theme rossiae 265:271 arg1 strain 241:246 a strain 239:246 a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae 239:271 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 6 15 theme DNA-DNA 944:950 arg1 relatedness 952:962 DNA-DNA relatedness 944:962 DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains 944:1009 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 3 16 theme species 495:501 arg1 differentiation 503:517 the species differentiation 491:517 the species differentiation 491:517 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 3 17 theme sequence 312:319 arg1 analysis 321:328 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:328 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:328 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 6 18 from % 1050:1050 arg1 addition 934:941 addition 934:941 addition 934:941 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 6 19 theme 70  1120:1122 arg1 % 1123:1123 the 70 % 1116:1123 the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation 1116:1163 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 5 20 theme fermentation 867:878 arg1 profiles 880:887 its carbohydrate fermentation profiles 850:887 its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species 850:928 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 4 21 theme spacer 620:625 arg1 region 627:632 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 584:632 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 584:632 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 3 22 theme analysis 321:328 arg1 results 287:293 the results 283:293 the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 283:328 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 5 23 theme VTT 800:802 arg1 E-94560 804:810 Strain VTT E-94560 793:810 Strain VTT E-94560 793:810 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 6 24 theme L. 1053:1054 arg1 16155T 1071:1076 L. siliginins JCM 16155T 1053:1076 L. siliginins JCM 16155T 1053:1076 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 6 24 theme L. 1053:1054 arg1 % 1050:1050 12 % 1047:1050 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T) 1047:1077 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 3 25 theme 97.0  412:416 arg1 % 417:417 % 417:417 % 417:417 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 0 26 theme curtus 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Lactobacillus curtus sp 0:22 Lactobacillus curtus sp. 0:23 Lactobacillus curtus sp. 28895518 4 27 theme rRNA 592:595 arg1 region 627:632 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 584:632 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 584:632 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 3 28 dep Lactobacillus 374:386 arg1 rossiae 388:394 rossiae 388:394 rossiae 388:394 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 7 29 theme Lactobacillus 1343:1355 arg1 sp 1364:1365 the name Lactobacillus curtus sp 1334:1365 the name Lactobacillus curtus sp 1334:1365 These studies revealed that VTT E-94560 represents a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus curtus sp. 28895518 3 30 theme JCM 396:398 arg1 16176T 400:405 Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T 374:405 Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T 374:405 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 0 31 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Lactobacillus curtus sp 0:22 Lactobacillus curtus sp. 0:23 Lactobacillus curtus sp. 28895518 5 32 from species 922:928 arg1 differences 835:845 several differences 827:845 several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species 827:928 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 5 32 from species 922:928 arg1 profiles 880:887 its carbohydrate fermentation profiles 850:887 its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species 850:928 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 5 33 theme carbohydrate 854:865 arg1 profiles 880:887 its carbohydrate fermentation profiles 850:887 its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species 850:928 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 9 34 theme type 1390:1393 arg1 strain 1395:1400 The type strain 1386:1400 The type strain 1386:1400 The type strain is VTT E-94560T (=JCM 31185T). 28895518 9 34 theme type 1390:1393 arg1 E-94560T 1409:1416 VTT E-94560T 1405:1416 VTT E-94560T (=JCM 31185T) 1405:1430 The type strain is VTT E-94560T (=JCM 31185T). 28895518 3 35 theme VTT 342:344 arg1 E-94560 346:352 VTT E-94560 342:352 VTT E-94560 342:352 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 4 36 theme Lactobacillus 721:733 arg1 species 735:741 its related Lactobacillus species 709:741 its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis 709:790 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 4 37 theme 16S-23S 584:590 arg1 region 627:632 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 584:632 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 584:632 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 4 38 theme phylogenetic 531:542 arg1 studies 544:550 Additional phylogenetic studies 520:550 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 520:632 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 6 39 theme cut-off 1125:1131 arg1 % 1123:1123 the 70 % 1116:1123 the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation 1116:1163 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 4 40 theme related 713:719 arg1 species 735:741 its related Lactobacillus species 709:741 its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis 709:790 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 5 41 theme several 827:833 arg1 differences 835:845 several differences 827:845 several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species 827:928 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 3 42 theme Lactobacillus 374:386 arg1 16176T 400:405 Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T 374:405 Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T 374:405 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 4 43 theme Additional 520:529 arg1 studies 544:550 Additional phylogenetic studies 520:550 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 520:632 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 6 44 theme JCM 1031:1033 arg1 16176T 1035:1040 L. rossiae JCM 16176T 1020:1040 L. rossiae JCM 16176T 1020:1040 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 6 44 theme JCM 1031:1033 arg1 % 1017:1017 4 % 1015:1017 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) 1015:1041 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 2 45 theme culture 217:223 arg1 collection 225:234 the VTT culture collection 209:234 the VTT culture collection 209:234 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 3 46 theme % 417:417 arg1 similarity 428:437 97.0 % sequence similarity 412:437 97.0 % sequence similarity 412:437 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 2 47 theme catalase-negative 85:101 arg1 organism 124:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism 62:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism 62:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 2 47 theme catalase-negative 85:101 arg1 strain 241:246 a strain 239:246 a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae 239:271 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 4 48 theme species 735:741 arg1 status 683:688 the taxonomically independent status 653:688 the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis 653:790 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 2 49 theme VTT 213:215 arg1 collection 225:234 the VTT culture collection 209:234 the VTT culture collection 209:234 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 5 50 from differences 835:845 arg1 species 922:928 those related Lactobacillus species 894:928 those related Lactobacillus species 894:928 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 5 50 from differences 835:845 arg1 profiles 880:887 its carbohydrate fermentation profiles 850:887 its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species 850:928 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 2 51 attach isolated 162:169 arg2 strain 241:246 a strain 239:246 a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae 239:271 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 2 51 attach isolated 162:169 arg1 beer 176:179 beer 176:179 beer 176:179 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 2 51 attach isolated 162:169 arg2 organism 124:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism 62:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism 62:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 6 52 from level 1249:1253 arg1 identical 1224:1232 identical 1224:1232 identical 1224:1232 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 6 53 theme rossiae 1023:1029 arg1 16176T 1035:1040 L. rossiae JCM 16176T 1020:1040 L. rossiae JCM 16176T 1020:1040 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 6 53 theme rossiae 1023:1029 arg1 % 1017:1017 4 % 1015:1017 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) 1015:1041 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 9 54 theme VTT 1405:1407 arg1 31185T 1424:1429 =JCM 31185T 1419:1429 =JCM 31185T 1419:1429 The type strain is VTT E-94560T (=JCM 31185T). 28895518 9 54 theme VTT 1405:1407 arg1 strain 1395:1400 The type strain 1386:1400 The type strain 1386:1400 The type strain is VTT E-94560T (=JCM 31185T). 28895518 9 54 theme VTT 1405:1407 arg1 E-94560T 1409:1416 VTT E-94560T 1405:1416 VTT E-94560T (=JCM 31185T) 1405:1430 The type strain is VTT E-94560T (=JCM 31185T). 28895518 6 55 theme JCM 1067:1069 arg1 16155T 1071:1076 L. siliginins JCM 16155T 1053:1076 L. siliginins JCM 16155T 1053:1076 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 6 55 theme JCM 1067:1069 arg1 % 1050:1050 12 % 1047:1050 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T) 1047:1077 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 7 56 dep Lactobacillus 1343:1355 arg1 curtus 1357:1362 curtus 1357:1362 curtus 1357:1362 These studies revealed that VTT E-94560 represents a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus curtus sp. 28895518 2 57 theme Gram-stain-positive 64:82 arg1 organism 124:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism 62:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism 62:131 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 2 57 theme Gram-stain-positive 64:82 arg1 strain 241:246 a strain 239:246 a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae 239:271 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae. 28895518 6 58 theme type 998:1001 arg1 strains 1003:1009 these two type strains 988:1009 these two type strains 988:1009 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 7 59 theme VTT 1284:1286 arg1 E-94560 1288:1294 VTT E-94560 1284:1294 VTT E-94560 1284:1294 These studies revealed that VTT E-94560 represents a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus curtus sp. 28895518 4 60 theme E-94560 697:703 arg1 status 683:688 the taxonomically independent status 653:688 the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis 653:790 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 6 61 theme L. 1020:1021 arg1 16176T 1035:1040 L. rossiae JCM 16176T 1020:1040 L. rossiae JCM 16176T 1020:1040 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 6 61 theme L. 1020:1021 arg1 % 1017:1017 4 % 1015:1017 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) 1015:1041 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 6 62 theme species 1241:1247 arg1 level 1249:1253 the species level 1237:1253 the species level 1237:1253 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 6 63 theme species 1145:1151 arg1 delineation 1153:1163 general species delineation 1137:1163 general species delineation 1137:1163 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 4 64 theme VTT 693:695 arg1 E-94560 697:703 VTT E-94560 693:703 VTT E-94560 693:703 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 3 65 theme rRNA 302:305 arg1 analysis 321:328 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:328 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:328 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 3 66 theme sequence 419:426 arg1 similarity 428:437 97.0 % sequence similarity 412:437 97.0 % sequence similarity 412:437 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 6 67 theme general 1137:1143 arg1 delineation 1153:1163 general species delineation 1137:1163 general species delineation 1137:1163 In addition, DNA-DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % (L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. 28895518 4 68 theme transcribed 608:618 arg1 region 627:632 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 584:632 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region 584:632 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 28895518 3 69 theme gene 307:310 arg1 analysis 321:328 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:328 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 298:328 However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. 28895518 5 70 theme Strain 793:798 arg1 E-94560 804:810 Strain VTT E-94560 793:810 Strain VTT E-94560 793:810 Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. 28895518 4 71 theme rpoA 570:573 arg1 gene 575:578 rpoA gene 570:578 rpoA gene 570:578 Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis. 25354892 11 0 theme M. 1415:1416 arg1 DNA 1431:1433 M. tuberculosis DNA 1415:1433 M. tuberculosis DNA 1415:1433 The detection of M. tuberculosis DNA was demonstrated using this technique coupled with PCR for biotinylation of the DNA. 25354892 12 1 theme tosylated 1557:1565 arg1 cellulose 1567:1575 tosylated cellulose 1557:1575 tosylated cellulose 1557:1575 This work shows the potential use of tosylated cellulose as the basis for point-of-sampling bioassays. 25354892 7 2 theme tetramethylbenzamidine 1025:1046 arg1 oxidation 1012:1020 the oxidation 1008:1020 the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2 1008:1054 On hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides with these probes, a colorimetric signal was obtained with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase catalysing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2. 25354892 11 3 theme DNA 1515:1517 arg1 biotinylation 1494:1506 biotinylation 1494:1506 biotinylation of the DNA 1494:1517 The detection of M. tuberculosis DNA was demonstrated using this technique coupled with PCR for biotinylation of the DNA. 25354892 8 4 theme composition 1178:1188 arg1 oligonucleotide 1143:1157 DNA oligonucleotide 1139:1157 DNA oligonucleotide of randomized base composition 1139:1188 The colour intensity was significantly reduced when the bioassay was subjected to DNA oligonucleotide of randomized base composition. 25354892 1 5 theme sophisticated 165:177 arg1 equipment 179:187 sophisticated equipment 165:187 sophisticated equipment 165:187 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays may be used at the point of sampling without sophisticated equipment. 25354892 10 6 theme 10 pmol 1389:1395 arg1 10 pmol 1389:1395 10 pmol 1389:1395 10 pmol 1389:1395 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 10 6 theme 10 pmol 1389:1395 arg1 amount 1379:1384 an absolute amount 1367:1384 an absolute amount of 10 pmol 1367:1395 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 11 7 theme tuberculosis 1418:1429 arg1 DNA 1431:1433 M. tuberculosis DNA 1415:1433 M. tuberculosis DNA 1415:1433 The detection of M. tuberculosis DNA was demonstrated using this technique coupled with PCR for biotinylation of the DNA. 25354892 8 8 theme DNA 1139:1141 arg1 oligonucleotide 1143:1157 DNA oligonucleotide 1139:1157 DNA oligonucleotide of randomized base composition 1139:1188 The colour intensity was significantly reduced when the bioassay was subjected to DNA oligonucleotide of randomized base composition. 25354892 6 9 theme complementary 694:706 arg1 probes 687:692 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes 651:692 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 651:776 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were covalently immobilized on the tosylated cellulose. 25354892 10 10 theme 0.1 μM 1342:1347 arg1 limit 1333:1337 a detection limit 1321:1337 a detection limit of 0.1 μM 1321:1347 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 3 11 theme visual 379:384 arg1 analysis 386:393 visual analysis 379:393 visual analysis 379:393 The detection was based on covalently attached single-stranded DNA probes and visual analysis. 25354892 4 12 theme tosyl 436:440 arg1 groups 442:447 tosyl groups 436:447 tosyl groups 436:447 A cellulose surface functionalized with tosyl groups was prepared by the N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride method. 25354892 5 13 dep transform 595:603 arg1 infrared 605:612 infrared 605:612 transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis 595:648 Tosylation of cellulose was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 25354892 7 14 theme horseradish 974:984 arg1 peroxidase 986:995 streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase 950:995 streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase catalysing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2 950:1054 On hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides with these probes, a colorimetric signal was obtained with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase catalysing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2. 25354892 3 15 theme DNA 364:366 arg1 probes 368:373 covalently attached single-stranded DNA probes 328:373 covalently attached single-stranded DNA probes 328:373 The detection was based on covalently attached single-stranded DNA probes and visual analysis. 25354892 4 16 theme chloride 499:506 arg1 method 508:513 the N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride method 465:513 method 508:513 A cellulose surface functionalized with tosyl groups was prepared by the N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride method. 25354892 2 17 theme pathogen 287:294 arg1 DNA 296:298 pathogen DNA 287:298 pathogen DNA 287:298 This study reports the development of a colorimetric bioassay based on cellulose that can detect pathogen DNA. 25354892 5 18 theme cellulose 530:538 arg1 Tosylation 516:525 Tosylation 516:525 Tosylation of cellulose 516:538 Tosylation of cellulose was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 25354892 10 19 theme detection 1323:1331 arg1 limit 1333:1337 a detection limit 1321:1337 a detection limit of 0.1 μM 1321:1347 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 10 20 theme probe 1254:1258 arg1 % 1300:1300 more than 90 % 1287:1300 more than 90 % 1287:1300 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 10 20 theme probe 1254:1258 arg1 efficiency 1275:1284 A high probe immobilization efficiency 1247:1284 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) 1247:1301 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 1 21 theme Cellulose-paper-based 75:95 arg1 bioassays 110:118 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays 75:118 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays 75:118 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays may be used at the point of sampling without sophisticated equipment. 25354892 7 22 theme streptavidin-conjugated 950:972 arg1 peroxidase 986:995 streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase 950:995 streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase catalysing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2 950:1054 On hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides with these probes, a colorimetric signal was obtained with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase catalysing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2. 25354892 0 23 theme cellulose-based 2:16 arg1 bioassay 18:25 A cellulose-based bioassay 0:25 A cellulose-based bioassay for the colorimetric detection of pathogen DNA 0:72 A cellulose-based bioassay for the colorimetric detection of pathogen DNA. 25354892 10 24 theme high 1249:1252 arg1 % 1300:1300 more than 90 % 1287:1300 more than 90 % 1287:1300 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 10 24 theme high 1249:1252 arg1 efficiency 1275:1284 A high probe immobilization efficiency 1247:1284 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) 1247:1301 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 11 25 theme DNA 1431:1433 arg1 detection 1402:1410 The detection 1398:1410 The detection of M. tuberculosis DNA 1398:1433 The detection of M. tuberculosis DNA was demonstrated using this technique coupled with PCR for biotinylation of the DNA. 25354892 0 26 theme DNA 70:72 arg1 detection 48:56 the colorimetric detection 31:56 the colorimetric detection of pathogen DNA 31:72 A cellulose-based bioassay for the colorimetric detection of pathogen DNA. 25354892 1 27 theme colorimetric 97:108 arg1 bioassays 110:118 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays 75:118 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays 75:118 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays may be used at the point of sampling without sophisticated equipment. 25354892 5 28 dep Fourier 587:593 arg1 transform 595:603 transform 595:603 transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis 595:648 Tosylation of cellulose was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 25354892 6 29 theme oligonucleotide 671:685 arg1 probes 687:692 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes 651:692 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 651:776 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were covalently immobilized on the tosylated cellulose. 25354892 4 30 theme cellulose 398:406 arg1 surface 408:414 A cellulose surface 396:414 A cellulose surface functionalized with tosyl groups 396:447 A cellulose surface functionalized with tosyl groups was prepared by the N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride method. 25354892 6 31 theme tuberculosis 765:776 arg1 IS6110 741:746 the DNA sequence IS6110 724:746 the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 724:776 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were covalently immobilized on the tosylated cellulose. 25354892 8 32 theme base 1173:1176 arg1 composition 1178:1188 randomized base composition 1162:1188 randomized base composition 1162:1188 The colour intensity was significantly reduced when the bioassay was subjected to DNA oligonucleotide of randomized base composition. 25354892 6 33 theme Sulfhydryl-modified 651:669 arg1 probes 687:692 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes 651:692 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 651:776 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were covalently immobilized on the tosylated cellulose. 25354892 5 34 theme elemental 631:639 arg1 analysis 641:648 elemental analysis 631:648 elemental analysis 631:648 Tosylation of cellulose was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 25354892 8 35 theme randomized 1162:1171 arg1 composition 1178:1188 randomized base composition 1162:1188 randomized base composition 1162:1188 The colour intensity was significantly reduced when the bioassay was subjected to DNA oligonucleotide of randomized base composition. 25354892 6 36 theme Mycobacterium 751:763 arg1 tuberculosis 765:776 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 751:776 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 751:776 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were covalently immobilized on the tosylated cellulose. 25354892 7 37 with hybridization 837:849 arg1 probes 902:907 these probes 896:907 these probes 896:907 On hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides with these probes, a colorimetric signal was obtained with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase catalysing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2. 25354892 4 38 dep method 508:513 arg1 N-dimethylacetamide-lithium 471:497 the N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride method 465:513 N-dimethylacetamide-lithium 471:497 A cellulose surface functionalized with tosyl groups was prepared by the N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride method. 25354892 12 39 theme potential 1540:1548 arg1 use 1550:1552 the potential use 1536:1552 the potential use of tosylated cellulose as the basis for point-of-sampling bioassays 1536:1620 This work shows the potential use of tosylated cellulose as the basis for point-of-sampling bioassays. 25354892 4 40 theme N 469:469 arg1 method 508:513 the N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride method 465:513 method 508:513 A cellulose surface functionalized with tosyl groups was prepared by the N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride method. 25354892 1 41 used used 127:130 arg2 bioassays 110:118 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays 75:118 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays 75:118 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays may be used at the point of sampling without sophisticated equipment. 25354892 0 42 theme colorimetric 35:46 arg1 detection 48:56 the colorimetric detection 31:56 the colorimetric detection of pathogen DNA 31:72 A cellulose-based bioassay for the colorimetric detection of pathogen DNA. 25354892 9 43 theme 0.1 μM 1239:1244 arg1 sensitivity 1224:1234 a sensitivity 1222:1234 a sensitivity of 0.1 μM 1222:1244 Initial experiments have shown a sensitivity of 0.1 μM. 25354892 6 44 theme IS6110 741:746 arg1 segment 713:719 a segment 711:719 a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 711:776 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were covalently immobilized on the tosylated cellulose. 25354892 2 45 theme bioassay 243:250 arg1 development 213:223 the development 209:223 the development of a colorimetric bioassay based on cellulose that can detect pathogen DNA 209:298 This study reports the development of a colorimetric bioassay based on cellulose that can detect pathogen DNA. 25354892 12 46 theme cellulose 1567:1575 arg1 use 1550:1552 the potential use 1536:1552 the potential use of tosylated cellulose as the basis for point-of-sampling bioassays 1536:1620 This work shows the potential use of tosylated cellulose as the basis for point-of-sampling bioassays. 25354892 0 47 theme pathogen 61:68 arg1 DNA 70:72 pathogen DNA 61:72 pathogen DNA 61:72 A cellulose-based bioassay for the colorimetric detection of pathogen DNA. 25354892 2 48 theme colorimetric 230:241 arg1 bioassay 243:250 a colorimetric bioassay 228:250 a colorimetric bioassay based on cellulose that can detect pathogen DNA 228:298 This study reports the development of a colorimetric bioassay based on cellulose that can detect pathogen DNA. 25354892 8 49 theme colour 1061:1066 arg1 intensity 1068:1076 The colour intensity 1057:1076 The colour intensity 1057:1076 The colour intensity was significantly reduced when the bioassay was subjected to DNA oligonucleotide of randomized base composition. 25354892 7 50 theme DNA 870:872 arg1 oligonucleotides 874:889 biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides 854:889 biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides 854:889 On hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides with these probes, a colorimetric signal was obtained with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase catalysing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2. 25354892 6 51 theme sequence 732:739 arg1 IS6110 741:746 the DNA sequence IS6110 724:746 the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 724:776 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were covalently immobilized on the tosylated cellulose. 25354892 7 52 theme oligonucleotides 874:889 arg1 hybridization 837:849 hybridization 837:849 hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides with these probes 837:907 On hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides with these probes, a colorimetric signal was obtained with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase catalysing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2. 25354892 12 53 theme point-of-sampling 1594:1610 arg1 bioassays 1612:1620 point-of-sampling bioassays 1594:1620 point-of-sampling bioassays 1594:1620 This work shows the potential use of tosylated cellulose as the basis for point-of-sampling bioassays. 25354892 10 54 theme immobilization 1260:1273 arg1 % 1300:1300 more than 90 % 1287:1300 more than 90 % 1287:1300 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 10 54 theme immobilization 1260:1273 arg1 efficiency 1275:1284 A high probe immobilization efficiency 1247:1284 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) 1247:1301 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 6 55 theme DNA 728:730 arg1 IS6110 741:746 the DNA sequence IS6110 724:746 the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 724:776 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were covalently immobilized on the tosylated cellulose. 25354892 7 56 theme colorimetric 912:923 arg1 signal 925:930 a colorimetric signal 910:930 a colorimetric signal 910:930 On hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides with these probes, a colorimetric signal was obtained with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase catalysing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2. 25354892 6 57 theme tosylated 813:821 arg1 cellulose 823:831 the tosylated cellulose 809:831 the tosylated cellulose 809:831 Sulfhydryl-modified oligonucleotide probes complementary to a segment of the DNA sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were covalently immobilized on the tosylated cellulose. 25354892 9 58 theme Initial 1191:1197 arg1 experiments 1199:1209 Initial experiments 1191:1209 Initial experiments 1191:1209 Initial experiments have shown a sensitivity of 0.1 μM. 25354892 7 59 theme biotin-labelled 854:868 arg1 oligonucleotides 874:889 biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides 854:889 biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides 854:889 On hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA oligonucleotides with these probes, a colorimetric signal was obtained with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase catalysing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzamidine by H2O2. 25354892 3 60 theme attached 339:346 arg1 probes 368:373 covalently attached single-stranded DNA probes 328:373 covalently attached single-stranded DNA probes 328:373 The detection was based on covalently attached single-stranded DNA probes and visual analysis. 25354892 5 61 theme scanning 557:564 arg1 Fourier 587:593 Fourier 587:593 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis 587:648 Tosylation of cellulose was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 25354892 5 61 theme scanning 557:564 arg1 microscopy 575:584 scanning electron microscopy 557:584 scanning electron microscopy 557:584 Tosylation of cellulose was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 25354892 10 62 theme absolute 1370:1377 arg1 10 pmol 1389:1395 10 pmol 1389:1395 10 pmol 1389:1395 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 10 62 theme absolute 1370:1377 arg1 amount 1379:1384 an absolute amount 1367:1384 an absolute amount of 10 pmol 1367:1395 A high probe immobilization efficiency (more than 90 %) was observed with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, corresponding to an absolute amount of 10 pmol. 25354892 3 63 theme single-stranded 348:362 arg1 probes 368:373 covalently attached single-stranded DNA probes 328:373 covalently attached single-stranded DNA probes 328:373 The detection was based on covalently attached single-stranded DNA probes and visual analysis. 25354892 5 64 theme electron 566:573 arg1 Fourier 587:593 Fourier 587:593 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis 587:648 Tosylation of cellulose was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 25354892 5 64 theme electron 566:573 arg1 microscopy 575:584 scanning electron microscopy 557:584 scanning electron microscopy 557:584 Tosylation of cellulose was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 25354892 1 65 theme sampling 148:155 arg1 point 139:143 the point 135:143 the point of sampling without sophisticated equipment 135:187 Cellulose-paper-based colorimetric bioassays may be used at the point of sampling without sophisticated equipment. 29172854 6 0 theme infrared 968:975 arg1 spectroscopy 977:988 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 950:988 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 950:988 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 7 1 theme well-structured 1083:1097 arg1 microparticles 1099:1112 Small well-structured microparticles 1077:1112 Small well-structured microparticles with good entrapment efficiency values 1077:1151 Small well-structured microparticles with good entrapment efficiency values were achieved. 29172854 1 2 theme Catabolic 166:174 arg1 conditions 176:185 Catabolic conditions 166:185 Catabolic conditions like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer, and burn 166:243 Catabolic conditions like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer, and burn can cause immunosuppression. 29172854 6 3 theme stimulation 1044:1054 arg1 test 1056:1059 stimulation test 1044:1059 stimulation test 1044:1059 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 6 4 theme Fourier-transform 950:966 arg1 spectroscopy 977:988 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 950:988 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 950:988 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 10 5 theme stimulating 1457:1467 arg1 effect 1469:1474 a significant stimulating effect 1443:1474 a significant stimulating effect on neutrophils 1443:1489 The drug-loaded formulations showed a significant stimulating effect on neutrophils. 29172854 11 6 dep in 1564:1565 arg1 vitro 1567:1571 vitro 1567:1571 vitro 1567:1571 These structures could increase the activity of immune cells, and other in vitro and in vivo studies should be performed in the future. 29172854 2 7 theme system 361:366 arg1 activity 338:345 the activity 334:345 the activity of the immune system 334:366 Amino acids such as alanine and glutamine are essential for the activity of the immune system. 29172854 6 8 dep in 991:992 arg1 vitro 994:998 vitro 994:998 vitro 994:998 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 0 9 with material 68:75 arg1 activity 156:163 immunostimulant activity 140:163 immunostimulant activity 140:163 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 0 10 theme propolis 80:87 arg1 material 68:75 waste material 62:75 waste material 62:75 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 0 10 theme propolis 80:87 arg1 pectin 51:56 pectin 51:56 pectin 51:56 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 10 11 theme drug-loaded 1411:1421 arg1 formulations 1423:1434 The drug-loaded formulations 1407:1434 The drug-loaded formulations 1407:1434 The drug-loaded formulations showed a significant stimulating effect on neutrophils. 29172854 4 12 theme spray-dried 602:612 arg1 microparticles 614:627 spray-dried microparticles 602:627 spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils 602:709 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 0 13 theme l-alanyl-l-glutamine 102:121 arg1 release 123:129 modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release 93:129 modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release 93:129 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 6 14 theme diffraction 928:938 arg1 analysis 940:947 thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis 910:947 analysis 940:947 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 11 15 dep in 1577:1578 arg1 vivo 1580:1583 vivo 1580:1583 vivo 1580:1583 These structures could increase the activity of immune cells, and other in vitro and in vivo studies should be performed in the future. 29172854 7 16 with microparticles 1099:1112 arg1 values 1146:1151 good entrapment efficiency values 1119:1151 good entrapment efficiency values 1119:1151 Small well-structured microparticles with good entrapment efficiency values were achieved. 29172854 0 17 theme modified 93:100 arg1 release 123:129 modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release 93:129 modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release 93:129 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 6 18 theme X-ray 922:926 arg1 analysis 940:947 thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis 910:947 analysis 940:947 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 8 19 theme Thermal 1168:1174 arg1 stability 1176:1184 Thermal stability 1168:1184 Thermal stability of formulation 1168:1199 Thermal stability of formulation was observed, and it was proved that pectin, BPE and l-alanyl-l-glutamine were dispersed throughout the matrix. 29172854 1 20 theme acquired 192:199 arg1 syndrome 218:225 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 192:225 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 192:225 Catabolic conditions like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer, and burn can cause immunosuppression. 29172854 5 21 theme efficiency 842:851 arg1 analyses 853:860 entrapment efficiency analyses 831:860 entrapment efficiency analyses 831:860 The use of a factorial design allowed selecting the best formulation, which was characterized by morphology, size, and entrapment efficiency analyses. 29172854 4 22 theme neutrophils 699:709 arg1 systems 688:694 stimulant systems 678:694 stimulant systems of neutrophils 678:709 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 4 22 theme neutrophils 699:709 arg1 l-alanyl-l-glutamine 654:673 the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine 640:673 the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine 640:673 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 1 23 theme immunodeficiency 201:216 arg1 syndrome 218:225 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 192:225 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 192:225 Catabolic conditions like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer, and burn can cause immunosuppression. 29172854 7 24 theme good 1119:1122 arg1 values 1146:1151 good entrapment efficiency values 1119:1151 good entrapment efficiency values 1119:1151 Small well-structured microparticles with good entrapment efficiency values were achieved. 29172854 6 25 theme in 1018:1019 arg1 cytotoxicity 1027:1038 in vitro cytotoxicity 1018:1038 in vitro cytotoxicity 1018:1038 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 7 26 theme entrapment 1124:1133 arg1 values 1146:1151 good entrapment efficiency values 1119:1151 good entrapment efficiency values 1119:1151 Small well-structured microparticles with good entrapment efficiency values were achieved. 29172854 0 27 theme microparticle 20:32 arg1 systems 34:40 composite microparticle systems 10:40 composite microparticle systems 10:40 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 4 28 contain containing 629:638 arg2 l-alanyl-l-glutamine 654:673 the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine 640:673 the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine 640:673 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 4 28 contain containing 629:638 arg1 microparticles 614:627 spray-dried microparticles 602:627 spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils 602:709 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 4 28 contain containing 629:638 arg2 systems 688:694 stimulant systems 678:694 stimulant systems of neutrophils 678:709 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 7 29 theme efficiency 1135:1144 arg1 values 1146:1151 good entrapment efficiency values 1119:1151 good entrapment efficiency values 1119:1151 Small well-structured microparticles with good entrapment efficiency values were achieved. 29172854 11 30 theme other 1558:1562 arg1 studies 1585:1591 other in vitro and in vivo studies 1558:1591 other in vitro and in vivo studies 1558:1591 These structures could increase the activity of immune cells, and other in vitro and in vivo studies should be performed in the future. 29172854 4 31 theme stimulant 678:686 arg1 systems 688:694 stimulant systems 678:694 stimulant systems of neutrophils 678:709 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 4 31 theme stimulant 678:686 arg1 l-alanyl-l-glutamine 654:673 the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine 640:673 the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine 640:673 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 0 32 theme composite 10:18 arg1 systems 34:40 composite microparticle systems 10:40 composite microparticle systems 10:40 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 6 33 theme thermal 910:916 arg1 analysis 940:947 thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis 910:947 analysis 940:947 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 11 34 theme cells 1547:1551 arg1 activity 1528:1535 the activity 1524:1535 the activity of immune cells 1524:1551 These structures could increase the activity of immune cells, and other in vitro and in vivo studies should be performed in the future. 29172854 3 35 theme extraction 423:432 arg1 waste 405:409 the waste 401:409 the waste of propolis extraction 401:432 Propolis is immunostimulant and the waste of propolis extraction has been reused with technological and therapeutic purposes. 29172854 10 36 from effect 1469:1474 arg1 neutrophils 1479:1489 neutrophils 1479:1489 neutrophils 1479:1489 The drug-loaded formulations showed a significant stimulating effect on neutrophils. 29172854 0 37 theme immunostimulant 140:154 arg1 activity 156:163 immunostimulant activity 140:163 immunostimulant activity 140:163 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 11 38 theme immune 1540:1545 arg1 cells 1547:1551 immune cells 1540:1551 immune cells 1540:1551 These structures could increase the activity of immune cells, and other in vitro and in vivo studies should be performed in the future. 29172854 0 39 theme systems 34:40 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of composite microparticle systems 0:40 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 4 40 theme byproduct 555:563 arg1 extract 565:571 propolis byproduct extract 546:571 propolis byproduct extract (BPE) 546:577 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 4 40 theme byproduct 555:563 arg1 BPE 574:576 BPE 574:576 BPE 574:576 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 5 41 theme best 764:767 arg1 formulation 769:779 the best formulation 760:779 the best formulation 760:779 The use of a factorial design allowed selecting the best formulation, which was characterized by morphology, size, and entrapment efficiency analyses. 29172854 3 42 theme therapeutic 473:483 arg1 purposes 485:492 technological and therapeutic purposes 455:492 technological and therapeutic purposes 455:492 Propolis is immunostimulant and the waste of propolis extraction has been reused with technological and therapeutic purposes. 29172854 4 43 theme propolis 546:553 arg1 extract 565:571 propolis byproduct extract 546:571 propolis byproduct extract (BPE) 546:577 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 4 43 theme propolis 546:553 arg1 BPE 574:576 BPE 574:576 BPE 574:576 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 5 44 theme entrapment 831:840 arg1 analyses 853:860 entrapment efficiency analyses 831:860 entrapment efficiency analyses 831:860 The use of a factorial design allowed selecting the best formulation, which was characterized by morphology, size, and entrapment efficiency analyses. 29172854 7 45 theme Small 1077:1081 arg1 microparticles 1099:1112 Small well-structured microparticles 1077:1112 Small well-structured microparticles with good entrapment efficiency values 1077:1151 Small well-structured microparticles with good entrapment efficiency values were achieved. 29172854 2 46 theme immune 354:359 arg1 system 361:366 the immune system 350:366 the immune system 350:366 Amino acids such as alanine and glutamine are essential for the activity of the immune system. 29172854 3 47 theme propolis 414:421 arg1 extraction 423:432 propolis extraction 414:432 propolis extraction 414:432 Propolis is immunostimulant and the waste of propolis extraction has been reused with technological and therapeutic purposes. 29172854 6 48 theme in 991:992 arg1 release 1005:1011 in vitro drug release 991:1011 in vitro drug release 991:1011 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 4 49 with association 531:541 arg1 pectin 584:589 pectin 584:589 pectin 584:589 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 6 50 theme drug 1000:1003 arg1 release 1005:1011 in vitro drug release 991:1011 in vitro drug release 991:1011 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 4 51 theme extract 565:571 arg1 association 531:541 the association 527:541 the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin 527:589 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 5 52 theme factorial 725:733 arg1 design 735:740 a factorial design 723:740 a factorial design 723:740 The use of a factorial design allowed selecting the best formulation, which was characterized by morphology, size, and entrapment efficiency analyses. 29172854 8 53 theme formulation 1189:1199 arg1 stability 1176:1184 Thermal stability 1168:1184 Thermal stability of formulation 1168:1199 Thermal stability of formulation was observed, and it was proved that pectin, BPE and l-alanyl-l-glutamine were dispersed throughout the matrix. 29172854 11 54 theme in 1577:1578 arg1 studies 1585:1591 other in vitro and in vivo studies 1558:1591 other in vitro and in vivo studies 1558:1591 These structures could increase the activity of immune cells, and other in vitro and in vivo studies should be performed in the future. 29172854 5 55 theme design 735:740 arg1 use 716:718 The use 712:718 The use of a factorial design 712:740 The use of a factorial design allowed selecting the best formulation, which was characterized by morphology, size, and entrapment efficiency analyses. 29172854 6 56 dep in 1018:1019 arg1 vitro 1021:1025 vitro 1021:1025 vitro 1021:1025 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 0 57 with pectin 51:56 arg1 activity 156:163 immunostimulant activity 140:163 immunostimulant activity 140:163 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 11 58 theme in 1564:1565 arg1 studies 1585:1591 other in vitro and in vivo studies 1558:1591 other in vitro and in vivo studies 1558:1591 These structures could increase the activity of immune cells, and other in vitro and in vivo studies should be performed in the future. 29172854 6 59 theme neutrophils 1064:1074 arg1 release 1005:1011 in vitro drug release 991:1011 in vitro drug release 991:1011 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 6 59 theme neutrophils 1064:1074 arg1 analysis 940:947 thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis 910:947 analysis 940:947 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 6 59 theme neutrophils 1064:1074 arg1 cytotoxicity 1027:1038 in vitro cytotoxicity 1018:1038 in vitro cytotoxicity 1018:1038 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 6 59 theme neutrophils 1064:1074 arg1 test 1056:1059 stimulation test 1044:1059 stimulation test 1044:1059 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 6 59 theme neutrophils 1064:1074 arg1 spectroscopy 977:988 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 950:988 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 950:988 In addition, the systems were characterized by thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity and stimulation test of neutrophils. 29172854 0 60 theme waste 62:66 arg1 material 68:75 waste material 62:75 waste material 62:75 Design of composite microparticle systems based on pectin and waste material of propolis for modified l-alanyl-l-glutamine release and with immunostimulant activity. 29172854 2 61 theme Amino 274:278 arg1 glutamine 306:314 glutamine 306:314 glutamine 306:314 Amino acids such as alanine and glutamine are essential for the activity of the immune system. 29172854 2 61 theme Amino 274:278 arg1 acids 280:284 Amino acids 274:284 Amino acids such as alanine and glutamine 274:314 Amino acids such as alanine and glutamine are essential for the activity of the immune system. 29172854 2 61 theme Amino 274:278 arg1 alanine 294:300 alanine 294:300 alanine 294:300 Amino acids such as alanine and glutamine are essential for the activity of the immune system. 29172854 10 62 theme significant 1445:1455 arg1 effect 1469:1474 a significant stimulating effect 1443:1474 a significant stimulating effect on neutrophils 1443:1489 The drug-loaded formulations showed a significant stimulating effect on neutrophils. 29172854 3 63 theme technological 455:467 arg1 purposes 485:492 technological and therapeutic purposes 455:492 technological and therapeutic purposes 455:492 Propolis is immunostimulant and the waste of propolis extraction has been reused with technological and therapeutic purposes. 29172854 9 64 attach released 1326:1333 arg1 microparticles 1344:1357 the microparticles 1340:1357 the microparticles 1340:1357 The drug was released from the microparticles during 24 h governed by swelling and diffusion. 29172854 9 64 attach released 1326:1333 arg2 drug 1317:1320 The drug 1313:1320 The drug 1313:1320 The drug was released from the microparticles during 24 h governed by swelling and diffusion. 29172854 4 65 theme dipeptide 644:652 arg1 systems 688:694 stimulant systems 678:694 stimulant systems of neutrophils 678:709 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 29172854 4 65 theme dipeptide 644:652 arg1 l-alanyl-l-glutamine 654:673 the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine 640:673 the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine 640:673 Therefore, this study describes the association of propolis byproduct extract (BPE) with pectin to prepare spray-dried microparticles containing the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine as stimulant systems of neutrophils. 28526983 9 0 theme biochemical 1642:1652 arg1 activity 1654:1661 the biochemical activity 1638:1661 the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase 1638:1684 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 10 1 theme starch 1872:1877 arg1 accumulation 1879:1890 starch accumulation 1872:1890 starch accumulation 1872:1890 Thus, sucrose seems to control starch accumulation through the adjustment of the cane sink strength. 28526983 0 2 dep transcriptional 118:132 arg1 levels 154:159 levels 154:159 levels 154:159 Low source-sink ratio reduces reserve starch in grapevine woody canes and modulates sugar transport and metabolism at transcriptional and enzyme activity levels. 28526983 10 3 theme cane 1922:1925 arg1 strength 1932:1939 the cane sink strength 1918:1939 the cane sink strength 1918:1939 Thus, sucrose seems to control starch accumulation through the adjustment of the cane sink strength. 28526983 4 4 from fruits 578:583 arg1 Sauvignon 597:605 Sauvignon 597:605 Sauvignon 597:605 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 8 5 theme 2L 1433:1434 arg1 plants 1450:1455 2L to 6L and 12L plants 1433:1455 2L to 6L and 12L plants 1433:1455 Sucrose concentration increased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, and the amount of total phenolics followed the same trend. 28526983 9 6 theme VvSusy 1548:1553 arg1 transcripts 1555:1565 VvSusy transcripts 1548:1565 VvSusy transcripts 1548:1565 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 5 7 from 6L 814:815 arg1 canes 803:807 canes 803:807 canes from 6L (42.13 ± 1.44 mg g DW-1) and 12L (43.50 ± 2.85 mg g DW-1) 803:873 Starch concentration was significantly higher in canes from 6L (42.13 ± 1.44 mg g DW-1) and 12L (43.50 ± 2.85 mg g DW-1) than in 2L (22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1) plants. 28526983 2 8 theme genes 355:359 arg1 activity 291:298 the activity 287:298 the activity of key enzymes 287:313 Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings and modulates the activity of key enzymes and the expression of sugar transporter genes. 28526983 2 8 theme genes 355:359 arg1 expression 323:332 the expression 319:332 the expression of sugar transporter genes 319:359 Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings and modulates the activity of key enzymes and the expression of sugar transporter genes. 28526983 3 9 theme Leaf 362:365 arg1 practice 394:401 an agricultural practice 378:401 an agricultural practice that has been shown to modify vineyard efficiency and grape and wine composition 378:482 Leaf removal is an agricultural practice that has been shown to modify vineyard efficiency and grape and wine composition. 28526983 3 9 theme Leaf 362:365 arg1 removal 367:373 Leaf removal 362:373 Leaf removal 362:373 Leaf removal is an agricultural practice that has been shown to modify vineyard efficiency and grape and wine composition. 28526983 9 10 theme Expression 1517:1526 arg1 studies 1528:1534 Expression studies 1517:1534 Expression studies 1517:1534 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 9 11 dep together 1755:1762 arg1 with 1764:1767 with 1764:1767 with 1764:1767 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 6 12 theme glucose-6-phosphate 1108:1126 arg1 VvGPT1 1142:1147 VvGPT1 1142:1147 VvGPT1 1142:1147 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 6 12 theme glucose-6-phosphate 1108:1126 arg1 translocator 1128:1139 the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator 1094:1139 the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator 1094:1139 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 2 13 theme key 303:305 arg1 enzymes 307:313 key enzymes 303:313 key enzymes 303:313 Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings and modulates the activity of key enzymes and the expression of sugar transporter genes. 28526983 0 14 theme sugar 84:88 arg1 transport 90:98 sugar transport 84:98 sugar transport 84:98 Low source-sink ratio reduces reserve starch in grapevine woody canes and modulates sugar transport and metabolism at transcriptional and enzyme activity levels. 28526983 5 15 theme 2L 883:884 arg1 plants 911:916 2L (22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1) plants 883:916 2L (22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1) plants 883:916 Starch concentration was significantly higher in canes from 6L (42.13 ± 1.44 mg g DW-1) and 12L (43.50 ± 2.85 mg g DW-1) than in 2L (22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1) plants. 28526983 5 15 theme 2L 883:884 arg1 22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1 887:908 22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1 887:908 22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1 887:908 Starch concentration was significantly higher in canes from 6L (42.13 ± 1.44 mg g DW-1) and 12L (43.50 ± 2.85 mg g DW-1) than in 2L (22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1) plants. 28526983 8 16 from plants 1450:1455 arg1 canes 1422:1426 canes 1422:1426 canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants 1422:1455 Sucrose concentration increased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, and the amount of total phenolics followed the same trend. 28526983 4 17 dep 2 668:668 arg1 2L 671:672 2L 671:672 2L 671:672 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 4 18 theme leaves 568:573 arg1 number 558:563 the number 554:563 the number of leaves 554:573 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 9 19 theme invertase 1676:1684 arg1 activity 1654:1661 the biochemical activity 1638:1661 the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase 1638:1684 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 7 20 theme enzyme 1379:1384 arg1 activity 1362:1369 the biochemical activity 1346:1369 the biochemical activity of this enzyme 1346:1384 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 9 21 dep transporters 1721:1732 arg1 transporters 1721:1732 the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12 1711:1752 the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12 1711:1752 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 9 21 dep transporters 1721:1732 arg1 VvSUC12 1746:1752 VvSUC12 1746:1752 VvSUC12 1746:1752 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 9 21 dep transporters 1721:1732 arg1 VvSUC11 1734:1740 VvSUC11 1734:1740 VvSUC11 1734:1740 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 6 22 theme starch 1006:1011 arg1 metabolism 1013:1022 starch metabolism 1006:1022 starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1 1006:1147 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 7 23 theme complex 1249:1255 arg1 subunit 1217:1223 the catalytic subunit 1203:1223 the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex 1203:1255 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 1 24 theme leaf 169:172 arg1 removal 174:180 Severe leaf removal 162:180 Severe leaf removal 162:180 Severe leaf removal decreases storage starch and sucrose in grapevine cv. 28526983 0 25 from starch 38:43 arg1 canes 64:68 grapevine woody canes 48:68 grapevine woody canes 48:68 Low source-sink ratio reduces reserve starch in grapevine woody canes and modulates sugar transport and metabolism at transcriptional and enzyme activity levels. 28526983 7 26 theme VvAGPase 1240:1247 arg1 complex 1249:1255 the VvAGPase complex 1236:1255 the VvAGPase complex 1236:1255 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 4 27 dep ratios 660:665 arg1 2 668:668 2 668:668 2 668:668 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 4 27 dep ratios 660:665 arg1 12 691:692 12 691:692 12 691:692 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 4 27 dep ratios 660:665 arg1 6L 679:680 6L 679:680 6L 679:680 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 4 27 dep ratios 660:665 arg1 6 676:676 6 676:676 6 676:676 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 4 28 from effect 638:643 arg1 accumulation 740:751 accumulation 740:751 accumulation 740:751 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 4 28 from effect 638:643 arg1 metabolism 725:734 starch metabolism 718:734 starch metabolism 718:734 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 8 29 theme phenolics 1482:1490 arg1 amount 1466:1471 the amount 1462:1471 the amount of total phenolics 1462:1490 Sucrose concentration increased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, and the amount of total phenolics followed the same trend. 28526983 8 29 theme phenolics 1482:1490 arg1 phenolics 1482:1490 total phenolics 1476:1490 total phenolics 1476:1490 Sucrose concentration increased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, and the amount of total phenolics followed the same trend. 28526983 0 30 theme source-sink 4:14 arg1 ratio 16:20 Low source-sink ratio 0:20 Low source-sink ratio 0:20 Low source-sink ratio reduces reserve starch in grapevine woody canes and modulates sugar transport and metabolism at transcriptional and enzyme activity levels. 28526983 5 31 from 12L 846:848 arg1 canes 803:807 canes 803:807 canes from 6L (42.13 ± 1.44 mg g DW-1) and 12L (43.50 ± 2.85 mg g DW-1) 803:873 Starch concentration was significantly higher in canes from 6L (42.13 ± 1.44 mg g DW-1) and 12L (43.50 ± 2.85 mg g DW-1) than in 2L (22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1) plants. 28526983 4 32 dep 12 691:692 arg1 leaves 695:700 leaves 695:700 leaves 695:700 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 4 33 theme source-sink 648:658 arg1 ratios 660:665 source-sink ratios 648:665 source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) 648:713 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 0 34 theme Low 0:2 arg1 ratio 16:20 Low source-sink ratio 0:20 Low source-sink ratio 0:20 Low source-sink ratio reduces reserve starch in grapevine woody canes and modulates sugar transport and metabolism at transcriptional and enzyme activity levels. 28526983 9 35 theme 2L 1591:1592 arg1 plants 1608:1613 2L to 6L and 12L plants 1591:1613 2L to 6L and 12L plants 1591:1613 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 1 36 theme storage 192:198 arg1 starch 200:205 storage starch 192:205 storage starch 192:205 Severe leaf removal decreases storage starch and sucrose in grapevine cv. 28526983 9 37 theme insoluble 1666:1674 arg1 invertase 1676:1684 insoluble invertase 1666:1684 insoluble invertase 1666:1684 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 2 38 theme enzymes 307:313 arg1 activity 291:298 the activity 287:298 the activity of key enzymes 287:313 Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings and modulates the activity of key enzymes and the expression of sugar transporter genes. 28526983 2 38 theme enzymes 307:313 arg1 expression 323:332 the expression 319:332 the expression of sugar transporter genes 319:359 Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings and modulates the activity of key enzymes and the expression of sugar transporter genes. 28526983 6 39 from decrease 1064:1071 arg1 expression 1080:1089 the expression 1076:1089 the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1 1076:1147 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 7 40 theme biochemical 1350:1360 arg1 activity 1362:1369 the biochemical activity 1346:1369 the biochemical activity of this enzyme 1346:1384 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 1 41 theme Severe 162:167 arg1 removal 174:180 Severe leaf removal 162:180 Severe leaf removal 162:180 Severe leaf removal decreases storage starch and sucrose in grapevine cv. 28526983 4 42 theme fruiting 607:614 arg1 cuttings 616:623 fruiting cuttings 607:623 fruiting cuttings 607:623 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 10 43 theme sink 1927:1930 arg1 strength 1932:1939 the cane sink strength 1918:1939 the cane sink strength 1918:1939 Thus, sucrose seems to control starch accumulation through the adjustment of the cane sink strength. 28526983 0 44 theme enzyme 138:143 arg1 activity 145:152 enzyme activity 138:152 enzyme activity 138:152 Low source-sink ratio reduces reserve starch in grapevine woody canes and modulates sugar transport and metabolism at transcriptional and enzyme activity levels. 28526983 6 45 theme transcriptional 958:972 arg1 adjustment 974:983 a transcriptional adjustment 956:983 a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1 956:1147 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 4 46 theme starch 718:723 arg1 metabolism 725:734 starch metabolism 718:734 starch metabolism 718:734 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 6 47 theme genes 988:992 arg1 adjustment 974:983 a transcriptional adjustment 956:983 a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1 956:1147 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 5 48 theme Starch 754:759 arg1 concentration 761:773 Starch concentration 754:773 Starch concentration 754:773 Starch concentration was significantly higher in canes from 6L (42.13 ± 1.44 mg g DW-1) and 12L (43.50 ± 2.85 mg g DW-1) than in 2L (22.72 ± 3.10 mg g DW-1) plants. 28526983 0 49 theme reserve 30:36 arg1 starch 38:43 reserve starch 30:43 reserve starch in grapevine woody canes 30:68 Low source-sink ratio reduces reserve starch in grapevine woody canes and modulates sugar transport and metabolism at transcriptional and enzyme activity levels. 28526983 9 50 theme sucrose 1811:1817 arg1 synthesis 1819:1827 sucrose synthesis 1811:1827 sucrose synthesis 1811:1827 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 9 51 theme sugar 1715:1719 arg1 transporters 1721:1732 the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12 1711:1752 the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12 1711:1752 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 9 51 theme sugar 1715:1719 arg1 VvSUC12 1746:1752 VvSUC12 1746:1752 VvSUC12 1746:1752 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 9 51 theme sugar 1715:1719 arg1 VvSUC11 1734:1740 VvSUC11 1734:1740 VvSUC11 1734:1740 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 6 52 theme plastidic 1098:1106 arg1 VvGPT1 1142:1147 VvGPT1 1142:1147 VvGPT1 1142:1147 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 6 52 theme plastidic 1098:1106 arg1 translocator 1128:1139 the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator 1094:1139 the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator 1094:1139 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 9 53 from plants 1608:1613 arg1 canes 1580:1584 canes 1580:1584 canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase 1580:1684 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 1 54 from sucrose 211:217 arg1 cv 232:233 grapevine cv 222:233 grapevine cv 222:233 Severe leaf removal decreases storage starch and sucrose in grapevine cv. 28526983 8 55 theme total 1476:1480 arg1 phenolics 1482:1490 total phenolics 1476:1490 total phenolics 1476:1490 Sucrose concentration increased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, and the amount of total phenolics followed the same trend. 28526983 0 56 theme grapevine 48:56 arg1 canes 64:68 grapevine woody canes 48:68 grapevine woody canes 48:68 Low source-sink ratio reduces reserve starch in grapevine woody canes and modulates sugar transport and metabolism at transcriptional and enzyme activity levels. 28526983 7 57 from plants 1286:1291 arg1 canes 1272:1276 canes 1272:1276 canes from 2L plants 1272:1291 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 3 58 theme vineyard 433:440 arg1 efficiency 442:451 vineyard efficiency 433:451 vineyard efficiency 433:451 Leaf removal is an agricultural practice that has been shown to modify vineyard efficiency and grape and wine composition. 28526983 2 59 theme transporter 343:353 arg1 genes 355:359 sugar transporter genes 337:359 sugar transporter genes 337:359 Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings and modulates the activity of key enzymes and the expression of sugar transporter genes. 28526983 9 60 theme 12L 1604:1606 arg1 plants 1608:1613 2L to 6L and 12L plants 1591:1613 2L to 6L and 12L plants 1591:1613 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 4 61 theme ability 525:531 arg1 advantage 508:516 advantage 508:516 advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon 508:605 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 7 62 dep subunit 1217:1223 arg1 VvAGPB1 1225:1231 VvAGPB1 1225:1231 the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex 1203:1255 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 8 63 theme Sucrose 1387:1393 arg1 concentration 1395:1407 Sucrose concentration 1387:1407 Sucrose concentration 1387:1407 Sucrose concentration increased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, and the amount of total phenolics followed the same trend. 28526983 1 64 from starch 200:205 arg1 cv 232:233 grapevine cv 222:233 grapevine cv 222:233 Severe leaf removal decreases storage starch and sucrose in grapevine cv. 28526983 2 65 theme sugar 337:341 arg1 genes 355:359 sugar transporter genes 337:359 sugar transporter genes 337:359 Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings and modulates the activity of key enzymes and the expression of sugar transporter genes. 28526983 7 66 theme gene 1191:1194 arg1 levels 1177:1182 the transcript levels 1162:1182 the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex 1162:1255 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 7 66 theme gene 1191:1194 arg1 higher 1262:1267 higher 1262:1267 higher 1262:1267 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 7 67 theme 2L 1283:1284 arg1 plants 1286:1291 2L plants 1283:1291 2L plants 1283:1291 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 1 68 theme grapevine 222:230 arg1 cv 232:233 grapevine cv 222:233 grapevine cv 222:233 Severe leaf removal decreases storage starch and sucrose in grapevine cv. 28526983 7 69 theme catalytic 1207:1215 arg1 subunit 1217:1223 the catalytic subunit 1203:1223 the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex 1203:1255 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 3 70 dep grape 457:461 arg1 composition 472:482 composition 472:482 composition 472:482 Leaf removal is an agricultural practice that has been shown to modify vineyard efficiency and grape and wine composition. 28526983 4 71 theme ratios 660:665 arg1 effect 638:643 the effect 634:643 the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation 634:751 In this study, we took advantage of the ability to precisely control the number of leaves to fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings to study the effect of source-sink ratios (2 (2L), 6 (6L) and 12 (12) leaves per cluster) on starch metabolism and accumulation. 28526983 10 72 theme strength 1932:1939 arg1 adjustment 1904:1913 the adjustment 1900:1913 the adjustment of the cane sink strength 1900:1939 Thus, sucrose seems to control starch accumulation through the adjustment of the cane sink strength. 28526983 6 73 theme grapevine 1027:1035 arg1 decrease 1064:1071 a decrease 1062:1071 a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1 1062:1147 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 6 73 theme grapevine 1027:1035 arg1 tissues 1043:1049 grapevine woody tissues 1027:1049 grapevine woody tissues 1027:1049 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 6 74 from metabolism 1013:1022 arg1 decrease 1064:1071 a decrease 1062:1071 a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1 1062:1147 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 6 74 from metabolism 1013:1022 arg1 tissues 1043:1049 grapevine woody tissues 1027:1049 grapevine woody tissues 1027:1049 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 6 75 theme woody 1037:1041 arg1 decrease 1064:1071 a decrease 1062:1071 a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1 1062:1147 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 6 75 theme woody 1037:1041 arg1 tissues 1043:1049 grapevine woody tissues 1027:1049 grapevine woody tissues 1027:1049 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 7 76 theme transcript 1166:1175 arg1 levels 1177:1182 the transcript levels 1162:1182 the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex 1162:1255 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 7 76 theme transcript 1166:1175 arg1 higher 1262:1267 higher 1262:1267 higher 1262:1267 Contrarily, the transcript levels of the gene coding the catalytic subunit VvAGPB1 of the VvAGPase complex were higher in canes from 2L plants than in 6L and 12L, which positively correlated with the biochemical activity of this enzyme. 28526983 6 77 theme carbon 929:934 arg1 limitation 936:945 carbon limitation 929:945 carbon limitation 929:945 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 0 78 theme woody 58:62 arg1 canes 64:68 grapevine woody canes 48:68 grapevine woody canes 48:68 Low source-sink ratio reduces reserve starch in grapevine woody canes and modulates sugar transport and metabolism at transcriptional and enzyme activity levels. 28526983 9 79 theme transporters 1721:1732 arg1 expression 1697:1706 the expression 1693:1706 the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12 1693:1752 Expression studies showed that VvSusy transcripts decreased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, which correlated with the biochemical activity of insoluble invertase, while the expression of the sugar transporters VvSUC11 and VvSUC12, together with VvSPS1, which codes an enzyme involved in sucrose synthesis, increased. 28526983 6 80 theme translocator 1128:1139 arg1 expression 1080:1089 the expression 1076:1089 the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1 1076:1147 Moreover, carbon limitation promoted a transcriptional adjustment of genes involved in starch metabolism in grapevine woody tissues, including a decrease in the expression of the plastidic glucose-6-phosphate translocator, VvGPT1. 28526983 3 81 theme agricultural 381:392 arg1 practice 394:401 an agricultural practice 378:401 an agricultural practice that has been shown to modify vineyard efficiency and grape and wine composition 378:482 Leaf removal is an agricultural practice that has been shown to modify vineyard efficiency and grape and wine composition. 28526983 3 81 theme agricultural 381:392 arg1 removal 367:373 Leaf removal 362:373 Leaf removal 362:373 Leaf removal is an agricultural practice that has been shown to modify vineyard efficiency and grape and wine composition. 28526983 8 82 theme same 1505:1508 arg1 trend 1510:1514 the same trend 1501:1514 the same trend 1501:1514 Sucrose concentration increased in canes from 2L to 6L and 12L plants, and the amount of total phenolics followed the same trend. 28875895 5 0 theme G+C 703:705 arg1 % 727:727 69.9 mol% 719:727 69.9 mol% 719:727 The DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28875895 5 0 theme G+C 703:705 arg1 content 707:713 The DNA G+C content 695:713 The DNA G+C content 695:713 The DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28875895 8 1 theme Lysinimicrobium 1101:1115 arg1 species 1080:1086 a novel species 1072:1086 a novel species 1072:1086 Therefore, strain HT7-17T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium, for which the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 28875895 7 2 theme recognized 986:995 arg1 species 997:1003 the recognized species 982:1003 the recognized species of the genus Lysinimicrobium 982:1032 Meanwhile, the differences in some phenotypic characteristics, along with the result of DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that strain HT7-17T should be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 28875895 3 3 theme Phylogenetic 314:325 arg1 analysis 327:334 Phylogenetic analysis 314:334 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 314:378 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 7 4 theme hybridization 908:920 arg1 result 890:895 the result 886:895 the result of DNA-DNA hybridization 886:920 Meanwhile, the differences in some phenotypic characteristics, along with the result of DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that strain HT7-17T should be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 28875895 6 5 theme genus 789:793 arg1 Lysinimicrobium 795:809 the genus Lysinimicrobium 785:809 the genus Lysinimicrobium 785:809 These chemotaxonomic features corresponded to those of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 28875895 3 6 theme rRNA 349:352 arg1 comparisons 368:378 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 345:378 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 345:378 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 3 7 theme gene 354:357 arg1 comparisons 368:378 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 345:378 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 345:378 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 6 8 theme chemotaxonomic 736:749 arg1 features 751:758 These chemotaxonomic features 730:758 These chemotaxonomic features 730:758 These chemotaxonomic features corresponded to those of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 28875895 4 9 theme predominant 564:574 arg1 menaquinone 576:586 the predominant menaquinone 560:586 the predominant menaquinone 560:586 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 9 theme predominant 564:574 arg1 DMK-9 612:616 demethylmenaquinone DMK-9 592:616 demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) 592:620 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 3 10 theme similarity 477:486 arg1 range 488:492 a similarity range 475:492 a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 % 475:507 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 7 11 theme DNA-DNA 900:906 arg1 hybridization 908:920 DNA-DNA hybridization 900:920 DNA-DNA hybridization 900:920 Meanwhile, the differences in some phenotypic characteristics, along with the result of DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that strain HT7-17T should be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 28875895 1 12 theme estuary 69:75 arg1 sediment 77:84 estuary sediment 69:84 estuary sediment 69:84 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from estuary sediment. 28875895 4 13 theme fatty 636:640 arg1 anteiso-C15  653:664 anteiso-C15  653:664 anteiso-C15  653:664 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 13 theme fatty 636:640 arg1 acids 642:646 the major fatty acids 626:646 the major fatty acids 626:646 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 3 14 theme 16S 345:347 arg1 comparisons 368:378 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 345:378 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 345:378 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 2 15 theme taxonomic 249:257 arg1 position 259:266 its taxonomic position 245:266 its taxonomic position 245:266 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HT7-17T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the estuary of the Tama River, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28875895 4 16 theme major 630:634 arg1 anteiso-C15  653:664 anteiso-C15  653:664 anteiso-C15  653:664 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 16 theme major 630:634 arg1 acids 642:646 the major fatty acids 626:646 the major fatty acids 626:646 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 0 17 theme sediminis 16:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp 0:27 Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 0:28 Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 28875895 8 18 theme genus 1095:1099 arg1 Lysinimicrobium 1101:1115 the genus Lysinimicrobium 1091:1115 the genus Lysinimicrobium 1091:1115 Therefore, strain HT7-17T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium, for which the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 28875895 10 19 theme 112286T=TBRC 1219:1230 arg1 HT7-17T 1204:1210 HT7-17T 1204:1210 HT7-17T (=NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T) 1204:1237 The type strain is HT7-17T (=NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T). 28875895 10 19 theme 112286T=TBRC 1219:1230 arg1 7037T 1232:1236 =NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T 1213:1236 =NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T 1213:1236 The type strain is HT7-17T (=NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T). 28875895 0 20 theme Lysinimicrobium 0:14 arg1 sp 26:27 Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp 0:27 Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 0:28 Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 28875895 4 21 theme HT7-17T 543:549 arg1 type 528:531 The peptidoglycan type 510:531 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T 510:549 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 21 theme HT7-17T 543:549 arg1 A4α 555:557 A4α 555:557 A4α 555:557 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 2 22 theme polyphasic 293:302 arg1 approach 304:311 a polyphasic approach 291:311 a polyphasic approach 291:311 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HT7-17T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the estuary of the Tama River, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28875895 3 23 theme sequence 359:366 arg1 comparisons 368:378 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 345:378 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 345:378 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 1 24 attach isolated 55:62 arg2 actinobacterium 39:53 an actinobacterium 36:53 an actinobacterium isolated from estuary sediment 36:84 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from estuary sediment. 28875895 1 24 attach isolated 55:62 arg1 sediment 77:84 estuary sediment 69:84 estuary sediment 69:84 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from estuary sediment. 28875895 7 25 theme Lysinimicrobium 1018:1032 arg1 species 997:1003 the recognized species 982:1003 the recognized species of the genus Lysinimicrobium 982:1032 Meanwhile, the differences in some phenotypic characteristics, along with the result of DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that strain HT7-17T should be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 28875895 3 26 theme Lysinimicrobium 453:467 arg1 members 432:438 members 432:438 members of the genus Lysinimicrobium 432:467 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 7 27 from differences 827:837 arg1 characteristics 858:872 some phenotypic characteristics 842:872 some phenotypic characteristics 842:872 Meanwhile, the differences in some phenotypic characteristics, along with the result of DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that strain HT7-17T should be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 28875895 1 28 dep actinobacterium 39:53 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from estuary sediment. 28875895 5 29 theme 69.9 mol 719:726 arg1 % 727:727 69.9 mol% 719:727 69.9 mol% 719:727 The DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28875895 5 29 theme 69.9 mol 719:726 arg1 content 707:713 The DNA G+C content 695:713 The DNA G+C content 695:713 The DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28875895 2 30 theme Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 actinobacterium 115:129 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 87:129 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 87:129 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HT7-17T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the estuary of the Tama River, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28875895 7 31 theme genus 1012:1016 arg1 Lysinimicrobium 1018:1032 the genus Lysinimicrobium 1008:1032 the genus Lysinimicrobium 1008:1032 Meanwhile, the differences in some phenotypic characteristics, along with the result of DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that strain HT7-17T should be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 28875895 2 32 theme sediment 172:179 arg1 sample 181:186 a sediment sample 170:186 a sediment sample collected from the estuary of the Tama River, Japan 170:238 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HT7-17T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the estuary of the Tama River, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28875895 3 33 theme genus 447:451 arg1 Lysinimicrobium 453:467 the genus Lysinimicrobium 443:467 the genus Lysinimicrobium 443:467 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 3 34 theme strain 394:399 arg1 HT7-17T 401:407 strain HT7-17T 394:407 strain HT7-17T 394:407 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 2 35 theme novel 89:93 arg1 actinobacterium 115:129 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 87:129 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 87:129 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HT7-17T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the estuary of the Tama River, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28875895 3 36 with related 421:427 arg1 range 488:492 a similarity range 475:492 a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 % 475:507 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 4 37 theme strain 536:541 arg1 HT7-17T 543:549 strain HT7-17T 536:549 strain HT7-17T 536:549 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 38 theme peptidoglycan 514:526 arg1 type 528:531 The peptidoglycan type 510:531 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T 510:549 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 38 theme peptidoglycan 514:526 arg1 A4α 555:557 A4α 555:557 A4α 555:557 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 2 39 attach isolated 156:163 arg1 sample 181:186 a sediment sample 170:186 a sediment sample collected from the estuary of the Tama River, Japan 170:238 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HT7-17T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the estuary of the Tama River, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28875895 2 39 attach isolated 156:163 arg2 actinobacterium 115:129 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 87:129 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 87:129 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HT7-17T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the estuary of the Tama River, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28875895 8 40 theme strain 1046:1051 arg1 HT7-17T 1053:1059 strain HT7-17T 1046:1059 strain HT7-17T 1046:1059 Therefore, strain HT7-17T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium, for which the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 28875895 8 41 dep Lysinimicrobium 1137:1151 arg1 sediminis 1153:1161 sediminis 1153:1161 sediminis 1153:1161 Therefore, strain HT7-17T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium, for which the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 28875895 8 42 theme novel 1074:1078 arg1 species 1080:1086 a novel species 1072:1086 a novel species 1072:1086 Therefore, strain HT7-17T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium, for which the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 28875895 10 43 theme type 1189:1192 arg1 HT7-17T 1204:1210 HT7-17T 1204:1210 HT7-17T (=NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T) 1204:1237 The type strain is HT7-17T (=NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T). 28875895 10 43 theme type 1189:1192 arg1 strain 1194:1199 The type strain 1185:1199 The type strain 1185:1199 The type strain is HT7-17T (=NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T). 28875895 4 44 theme demethylmenaquinone 592:610 arg1 H4 618:619 H4 618:619 H4 618:619 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 44 theme demethylmenaquinone 592:610 arg1 menaquinone 576:586 the predominant menaquinone 560:586 the predominant menaquinone 560:586 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 44 theme demethylmenaquinone 592:610 arg1 DMK-9 612:616 demethylmenaquinone DMK-9 592:616 demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) 592:620 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 45 dep anteiso-C15  653:664 arg1  0 691:692  0 691:692  0 691:692 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 45 dep anteiso-C15  653:664 arg1 iso-C16  682:689 iso-C16  682:689 iso-C16  682:689 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 45 dep anteiso-C15  653:664 arg1  0 675:676  0 675:676  0 675:676 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 4 45 dep anteiso-C15  653:664 arg1 C16  670:673 C16  670:673 C16  670:673 The peptidoglycan type of strain HT7-17T was A4α, the predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875895 8 46 theme name 1132:1135 arg1 sp 1163:1164 the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp 1128:1164 the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp 1128:1164 Therefore, strain HT7-17T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium, for which the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 28875895 7 47 theme strain 938:943 arg1 HT7-17T 945:951 strain HT7-17T 938:951 strain HT7-17T 938:951 Meanwhile, the differences in some phenotypic characteristics, along with the result of DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that strain HT7-17T should be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 28875895 3 48 theme % 507:507 arg1 range 488:492 a similarity range 475:492 a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 % 475:507 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HT7-17T was closely related to members of the genus Lysinimicrobium, with a similarity range of 97.1-98.2 %. 28875895 7 49 theme phenotypic 847:856 arg1 characteristics 858:872 some phenotypic characteristics 842:872 some phenotypic characteristics 842:872 Meanwhile, the differences in some phenotypic characteristics, along with the result of DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that strain HT7-17T should be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 28875895 5 50 theme DNA 699:701 arg1 % 727:727 69.9 mol% 719:727 69.9 mol% 719:727 The DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28875895 5 50 theme DNA 699:701 arg1 content 707:713 The DNA G+C content 695:713 The DNA G+C content 695:713 The DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28875895 2 51 theme Japan 234:238 arg1 estuary 207:213 the estuary 203:213 the estuary of the Tama River, Japan 203:238 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated HT7-17T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the estuary of the Tama River, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28875895 8 52 theme Lysinimicrobium 1137:1151 arg1 sp 1163:1164 the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp 1128:1164 the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp 1128:1164 Therefore, strain HT7-17T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium, for which the name Lysinimicrobium sediminis sp. 28875895 10 53 theme =NBRC 1213:1217 arg1 HT7-17T 1204:1210 HT7-17T 1204:1210 HT7-17T (=NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T) 1204:1237 The type strain is HT7-17T (=NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T). 28875895 10 53 theme =NBRC 1213:1217 arg1 7037T 1232:1236 =NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T 1213:1236 =NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T 1213:1236 The type strain is HT7-17T (=NBRC 112286T=TBRC 7037T). 23712445 12 0 theme adulteration 1406:1417 arg1 detection 1393:1401 effortless detection 1382:1401 effortless detection of adulteration 1382:1417 Sample clustering due to sucrose content in the NMR-PCA study allowed effortless detection of adulteration. 23712445 5 1 theme coffee 616:621 arg1 herbhoneys 623:632 coffee herbhoneys 616:632 coffee herbhoneys 616:632 The best properties were exhibited by cocoa and instant coffee herbhoneys. 23712445 11 2 theme antioxidant 1236:1246 arg1 activity 1248:1255 high antioxidant activity 1231:1255 high antioxidant activity 1231:1255 For samples with high antioxidant activity, polyphenols were responsible for the observed effect. 23712445 1 3 theme bee 152:154 arg1 Herbhoneys 125:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys 114:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys 114:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 1 3 theme bee 152:154 arg1 products 156:163 relatively new bee products 137:163 relatively new bee products 137:163 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 6 4 from contents 639:646 arg1 samples 706:712 the studied samples 694:712 the studied samples 694:712 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 0 5 theme antioxidant 67:77 arg1 activity 79:86 antioxidant activity 67:86 antioxidant activity 67:86 ¹H and ¹³C NMR-based sugar profiling with chemometric analysis and antioxidant activity of herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 3 6 dep analysis 370:377 arg1 PLS-DA 388:393 PLS-DA 388:393 PLS-DA 388:393 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 3 6 dep analysis 370:377 arg1 PCA 380:382 PCA 380:382 PCA 380:382 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 5 7 theme best 564:567 arg1 properties 569:578 The best properties 560:578 The best properties 560:578 The best properties were exhibited by cocoa and instant coffee herbhoneys. 23712445 6 8 from samples 706:712 arg1 contents 639:646 The contents 635:646 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples 635:712 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 6 8 from samples 706:712 arg1 kg⁻¹ 746:749 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ 731:749 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ 731:749 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 12 9 from clustering 1319:1328 arg1 study 1368:1372 the NMR-PCA study 1356:1372 the NMR-PCA study 1356:1372 Sample clustering due to sucrose content in the NMR-PCA study allowed effortless detection of adulteration. 23712445 10 10 theme antioxidant 1194:1204 arg1 effect 1206:1211 the observed antioxidant effect 1181:1211 the observed antioxidant effect 1181:1211 There was a noticeable influence of the extract concentration on the observed antioxidant effect. 23712445 0 11 theme herbhoneys 91:100 arg1 analysis 54:61 chemometric analysis 42:61 chemometric analysis 42:61 ¹H and ¹³C NMR-based sugar profiling with chemometric analysis and antioxidant activity of herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 0 11 theme herbhoneys 91:100 arg1 activity 79:86 antioxidant activity 67:86 antioxidant activity 67:86 ¹H and ¹³C NMR-based sugar profiling with chemometric analysis and antioxidant activity of herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 12 12 theme Sample 1312:1317 arg1 clustering 1319:1328 Sample clustering 1312:1328 Sample clustering due to sucrose content in the NMR-PCA study 1312:1372 Sample clustering due to sucrose content in the NMR-PCA study allowed effortless detection of adulteration. 23712445 10 13 from influence 1139:1147 arg1 effect 1206:1211 the observed antioxidant effect 1181:1211 the observed antioxidant effect 1181:1211 There was a noticeable influence of the extract concentration on the observed antioxidant effect. 23712445 12 14 theme NMR-PCA 1360:1366 arg1 study 1368:1372 the NMR-PCA study 1356:1372 the NMR-PCA study 1356:1372 Sample clustering due to sucrose content in the NMR-PCA study allowed effortless detection of adulteration. 23712445 10 15 theme observed 1185:1192 arg1 effect 1206:1211 the observed antioxidant effect 1181:1211 the observed antioxidant effect 1181:1211 There was a noticeable influence of the extract concentration on the observed antioxidant effect. 23712445 8 16 theme spectra 903:909 arg1 PCA 888:890 The PCA 884:890 The PCA of ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 884:935 The PCA of ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 resulted in sample clustering due to sucrose content. 23712445 9 17 theme traditional 1052:1062 arg1 honeys 1064:1069 traditional honeys 1052:1069 traditional honeys 1052:1069 CONCLUSION Herbhoneys have similar antioxidant properties to traditional honeys, being therefore of equal nutritional value. 23712445 3 18 theme NMR 328:330 arg1 spectroscopy 332:343 ¹³C NMR spectroscopy 324:343 ¹³C NMR spectroscopy 324:343 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 12 19 theme sucrose 1337:1343 arg1 content 1345:1351 sucrose content 1337:1351 sucrose content 1337:1351 Sample clustering due to sucrose content in the NMR-PCA study allowed effortless detection of adulteration. 23712445 9 20 theme antioxidant 1026:1036 arg1 properties 1038:1047 similar antioxidant properties 1018:1047 similar antioxidant properties 1018:1047 CONCLUSION Herbhoneys have similar antioxidant properties to traditional honeys, being therefore of equal nutritional value. 23712445 2 21 theme data 255:258 arg1 lack 247:250 a lack 245:250 a lack of data concerning their composition and antioxidant properties 245:314 However, there is still a lack of data concerning their composition and antioxidant properties. 23712445 6 22 theme carotenoids 679:689 arg1 contents 639:646 The contents 635:646 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples 635:712 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 6 22 theme carotenoids 679:689 arg1 kg⁻¹ 746:749 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ 731:749 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ 731:749 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 3 23 theme honeys 497:502 arg1 samples 464:470 25 samples 461:470 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys 461:502 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 6 24 theme total 673:677 arg1 carotenoids 679:689 total carotenoids 673:689 total carotenoids in the studied samples 673:712 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 0 25 theme honeys 106:111 arg1 analysis 54:61 chemometric analysis 42:61 chemometric analysis 42:61 ¹H and ¹³C NMR-based sugar profiling with chemometric analysis and antioxidant activity of herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 0 25 theme honeys 106:111 arg1 activity 79:86 antioxidant activity 67:86 antioxidant activity 67:86 ¹H and ¹³C NMR-based sugar profiling with chemometric analysis and antioxidant activity of herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 11 26 theme observed 1295:1302 arg1 effect 1304:1309 the observed effect 1291:1309 the observed effect 1291:1309 For samples with high antioxidant activity, polyphenols were responsible for the observed effect. 23712445 3 27 theme antioxidant 400:410 arg1 ORAC-FL 433:439 ORAC-FL 433:439 ORAC-FL 433:439 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 3 27 theme antioxidant 400:410 arg1 DPPH-ESR 420:427 DPPH-ESR 420:427 DPPH-ESR 420:427 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 3 27 theme antioxidant 400:410 arg1 assays 412:417 antioxidant assays 400:417 antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) 400:440 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 0 28 theme NMR-based 11:19 arg1 sugar 21:25 ¹³C NMR-based sugar 7:25 ¹³C NMR-based sugar 7:25 ¹H and ¹³C NMR-based sugar profiling with chemometric analysis and antioxidant activity of herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 2 29 theme antioxidant 293:303 arg1 properties 305:314 antioxidant properties 293:314 antioxidant properties 293:314 However, there is still a lack of data concerning their composition and antioxidant properties. 23712445 6 30 theme polyphenols 657:667 arg1 contents 639:646 The contents 635:646 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples 635:712 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 6 30 theme polyphenols 657:667 arg1 kg⁻¹ 746:749 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ 731:749 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ 731:749 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 3 31 theme chemometric 358:368 arg1 analysis 370:377 chemometric analysis 358:377 chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) 358:394 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 4 32 theme Antioxidant 513:523 arg1 activity 525:532 RESULTS Antioxidant activity 505:532 RESULTS Antioxidant activity 505:532 RESULTS Antioxidant activity varied among the samples. 23712445 6 33 theme GAE 742:744 arg1 contents 639:646 The contents 635:646 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples 635:712 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 6 33 theme GAE 742:744 arg1 kg⁻¹ 746:749 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ 731:749 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ 731:749 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 6 34 from polyphenols 657:667 arg1 samples 706:712 the studied samples 694:712 the studied samples 694:712 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 6 35 theme total 651:655 arg1 polyphenols 657:667 total polyphenols 651:667 total polyphenols 651:667 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 8 36 from DMSO-d6 929:935 arg1 spectra 903:909 ¹³C NMR spectra 895:909 ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 895:935 The PCA of ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 resulted in sample clustering due to sucrose content. 23712445 0 37 theme ¹³C 7:9 arg1 sugar 21:25 ¹³C NMR-based sugar 7:25 ¹³C NMR-based sugar 7:25 ¹H and ¹³C NMR-based sugar profiling with chemometric analysis and antioxidant activity of herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 9 38 contain have 1013:1016 arg1 Herbhoneys 1002:1011 Herbhoneys 1002:1011 Herbhoneys 1002:1011 CONCLUSION Herbhoneys have similar antioxidant properties to traditional honeys, being therefore of equal nutritional value. 23712445 9 38 contain have 1013:1016 arg2 properties 1038:1047 similar antioxidant properties 1018:1047 similar antioxidant properties 1018:1047 CONCLUSION Herbhoneys have similar antioxidant properties to traditional honeys, being therefore of equal nutritional value. 23712445 9 39 theme equal 1091:1095 arg1 value 1109:1113 equal nutritional value 1091:1113 equal nutritional value 1091:1113 CONCLUSION Herbhoneys have similar antioxidant properties to traditional honeys, being therefore of equal nutritional value. 23712445 1 40 theme interesting 187:197 arg1 properties 209:218 interesting medicinal properties 187:218 interesting medicinal properties 187:218 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 8 41 from samples 918:924 arg1 DMSO-d6 929:935 DMSO-d6 929:935 DMSO-d6 929:935 The PCA of ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 resulted in sample clustering due to sucrose content. 23712445 9 42 theme nutritional 1097:1107 arg1 value 1109:1113 equal nutritional value 1091:1113 equal nutritional value 1091:1113 CONCLUSION Herbhoneys have similar antioxidant properties to traditional honeys, being therefore of equal nutritional value. 23712445 1 43 theme medicinal 199:207 arg1 properties 209:218 interesting medicinal properties 187:218 interesting medicinal properties 187:218 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 10 44 theme noticeable 1128:1137 arg1 influence 1139:1147 a noticeable influence 1126:1147 a noticeable influence of the extract concentration on the observed antioxidant effect 1126:1211 There was a noticeable influence of the extract concentration on the observed antioxidant effect. 23712445 12 45 theme effortless 1382:1391 arg1 detection 1393:1401 effortless detection 1382:1401 effortless detection of adulteration 1382:1417 Sample clustering due to sucrose content in the NMR-PCA study allowed effortless detection of adulteration. 23712445 3 46 used used 447:450 arg2 spectroscopy 332:343 ¹³C NMR spectroscopy 324:343 ¹³C NMR spectroscopy 324:343 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 3 46 used used 447:450 arg2 ¹H 317:318 ¹H 317:318 ¹H 317:318 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 6 47 theme 70-1340 mg 731:740 arg1 contents 639:646 The contents 635:646 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples 635:712 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 6 47 theme 70-1340 mg 731:740 arg1 kg⁻¹ 746:749 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ 731:749 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ 731:749 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 0 48 theme chemometric 42:52 arg1 analysis 54:61 chemometric analysis 42:61 chemometric analysis 42:61 ¹H and ¹³C NMR-based sugar profiling with chemometric analysis and antioxidant activity of herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 7 49 located found 853:857 arg2 differences 800:810 No significant differences 785:810 No significant differences between herbhoney and honey samples 785:846 No significant differences between herbhoney and honey samples were found in their sugar profiles. 23712445 7 49 located found 853:857 arg1 profiles 874:881 their sugar profiles 862:881 their sugar profiles 862:881 No significant differences between herbhoney and honey samples were found in their sugar profiles. 23712445 7 50 theme significant 788:798 arg1 differences 800:810 No significant differences 785:810 No significant differences between herbhoney and honey samples 785:846 No significant differences between herbhoney and honey samples were found in their sugar profiles. 23712445 8 51 theme ¹³C 895:897 arg1 spectra 903:909 ¹³C NMR spectra 895:909 ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 895:935 The PCA of ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 resulted in sample clustering due to sucrose content. 23712445 5 52 dep cocoa 598:602 arg1 herbhoneys 623:632 coffee herbhoneys 616:632 coffee herbhoneys 616:632 The best properties were exhibited by cocoa and instant coffee herbhoneys. 23712445 4 53 theme RESULTS 505:511 arg1 activity 525:532 RESULTS Antioxidant activity 505:532 RESULTS Antioxidant activity 505:532 RESULTS Antioxidant activity varied among the samples. 23712445 1 54 theme BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 Herbhoneys 125:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys 114:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys 114:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 1 54 theme BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 products 156:163 relatively new bee products 137:163 relatively new bee products 137:163 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 11 55 with samples 1218:1224 arg1 activity 1248:1255 high antioxidant activity 1231:1255 high antioxidant activity 1231:1255 For samples with high antioxidant activity, polyphenols were responsible for the observed effect. 23712445 8 56 theme sucrose 974:980 arg1 content 982:988 sucrose content 974:988 sucrose content 974:988 The PCA of ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 resulted in sample clustering due to sucrose content. 23712445 11 57 theme high 1231:1234 arg1 activity 1248:1255 high antioxidant activity 1231:1255 high antioxidant activity 1231:1255 For samples with high antioxidant activity, polyphenols were responsible for the observed effect. 23712445 3 58 dep assays 412:417 arg1 ORAC-FL 433:439 ORAC-FL 433:439 ORAC-FL 433:439 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 3 58 dep assays 412:417 arg1 DPPH-ESR 420:427 DPPH-ESR 420:427 DPPH-ESR 420:427 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 3 58 dep assays 412:417 arg1 assays 412:417 antioxidant assays 400:417 antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) 400:440 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 7 59 dep herbhoney 820:828 arg1 samples 840:846 samples 840:846 samples 840:846 No significant differences between herbhoney and honey samples were found in their sugar profiles. 23712445 6 60 from carotenoids 679:689 arg1 samples 706:712 the studied samples 694:712 the studied samples 694:712 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 8 61 theme NMR 899:901 arg1 spectra 903:909 ¹³C NMR spectra 895:909 ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 895:935 The PCA of ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 resulted in sample clustering due to sucrose content. 23712445 8 62 theme samples 918:924 arg1 spectra 903:909 ¹³C NMR spectra 895:909 ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 895:935 The PCA of ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 resulted in sample clustering due to sucrose content. 23712445 1 63 theme new 148:150 arg1 Herbhoneys 125:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys 114:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys 114:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 1 63 theme new 148:150 arg1 products 156:163 relatively new bee products 137:163 relatively new bee products 137:163 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 10 64 theme concentration 1164:1176 arg1 influence 1139:1147 a noticeable influence 1126:1147 a noticeable influence of the extract concentration on the observed antioxidant effect 1126:1211 There was a noticeable influence of the extract concentration on the observed antioxidant effect. 23712445 1 65 contain have 182:185 arg1 Herbhoneys 125:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys 114:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys 114:134 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 1 65 contain have 182:185 arg2 properties 209:218 interesting medicinal properties 187:218 interesting medicinal properties 187:218 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 1 65 contain have 182:185 arg1 products 156:163 relatively new bee products 137:163 relatively new bee products 137:163 BACKGROUND Herbhoneys, relatively new bee products, are expected to have interesting medicinal properties. 23712445 9 66 theme similar 1018:1024 arg1 properties 1038:1047 similar antioxidant properties 1018:1047 similar antioxidant properties 1018:1047 CONCLUSION Herbhoneys have similar antioxidant properties to traditional honeys, being therefore of equal nutritional value. 23712445 3 67 theme Polish 475:480 arg1 herbhoneys 482:491 Polish herbhoneys 475:491 Polish herbhoneys 475:491 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 8 68 from spectra 903:909 arg1 DMSO-d6 929:935 DMSO-d6 929:935 DMSO-d6 929:935 The PCA of ¹³C NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO-d6 resulted in sample clustering due to sucrose content. 23712445 10 69 theme extract 1156:1162 arg1 concentration 1164:1176 the extract concentration 1152:1176 the extract concentration 1152:1176 There was a noticeable influence of the extract concentration on the observed antioxidant effect. 23712445 3 70 theme ¹³C 324:326 arg1 spectroscopy 332:343 ¹³C NMR spectroscopy 324:343 ¹³C NMR spectroscopy 324:343 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 6 71 theme studied 698:704 arg1 samples 706:712 the studied samples 694:712 the studied samples 694:712 The contents of total polyphenols and total carotenoids in the studied samples were found to be 70-1340 mg GAE kg⁻¹ and 0-28.05 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. 23712445 3 72 theme herbhoneys 482:491 arg1 samples 464:470 25 samples 461:470 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys 461:502 ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) and antioxidant assays (DPPH-ESR and ORAC-FL) were used to study 25 samples of Polish herbhoneys and honeys. 23712445 7 73 theme sugar 868:872 arg1 profiles 874:881 their sugar profiles 862:881 their sugar profiles 862:881 No significant differences between herbhoney and honey samples were found in their sugar profiles. 28829031 12 0 theme 29659T=TISTR 1145:1156 arg1 2452T 1158:1162 =KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T 1128:1162 =KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T 1128:1162 The type strain is RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T). 28829031 12 0 theme 29659T=TISTR 1145:1156 arg1 RC11T 1121:1125 RC11T 1121:1125 RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T) 1121:1163 The type strain is RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T). 28829031 6 1 theme predominant 668:678 arg1 acids 695:699 the predominant cellular fatty acids 664:699 the predominant cellular fatty acids 664:699 Anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids. 28829031 6 1 theme predominant 668:678 arg1 Anteiso-C15  601:612 Anteiso-C15  601:612 Anteiso-C15  601:612 Anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids. 28829031 3 2 theme % 471:471 arg1 similarity 482:491 98.1 % sequence similarity 466:491 98.1 % sequence similarity 466:491 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 10 3 theme aurantiacus 1068:1078 arg1 sp 1080:1081 the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp 1045:1081 the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp 1045:1081 Therefore, strain RC11T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 28829031 12 4 theme 33816T=LMG 1134:1143 arg1 2452T 1158:1162 =KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T 1128:1162 =KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T 1128:1162 The type strain is RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T). 28829031 12 4 theme 33816T=LMG 1134:1143 arg1 RC11T 1121:1125 RC11T 1121:1125 RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T) 1121:1163 The type strain is RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T). 28829031 2 5 theme endospore-forming 103:119 arg1 bacterium 121:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 65:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 65:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 2 5 theme endospore-forming 103:119 arg1 RC11T 139:143 strain RC11T 132:143 strain RC11T 132:143 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 3 6 theme sequence 473:480 arg1 similarity 482:491 98.1 % sequence similarity 466:491 98.1 % sequence similarity 466:491 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 3 7 theme sequence 320:327 arg1 analysis 329:336 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:336 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:336 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 10 8 theme genus 1014:1018 arg1 species 999:1005 a novel species 991:1005 a novel species 991:1005 Therefore, strain RC11T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 28829031 1 9 theme ant 50:52 arg1 soil 59:62 ant nest soil 50:62 ant nest soil 50:62 nov., isolated from ant nest soil. 28829031 12 10 theme type 1106:1109 arg1 RC11T 1121:1125 RC11T 1121:1125 RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T) 1121:1163 The type strain is RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T). 28829031 12 10 theme type 1106:1109 arg1 strain 1111:1116 The type strain 1102:1116 The type strain 1102:1116 The type strain is RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T). 28829031 10 11 theme Paenibacillus 1054:1066 arg1 sp 1080:1081 the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp 1045:1081 the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp 1045:1081 Therefore, strain RC11T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 28829031 1 12 theme nest 54:57 arg1 soil 59:62 ant nest soil 50:62 ant nest soil 50:62 nov., isolated from ant nest soil. 28829031 10 13 theme Paenibacillus 1020:1032 arg1 genus 1014:1018 the genus Paenibacillus 1010:1032 the genus Paenibacillus 1010:1032 Therefore, strain RC11T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 28829031 3 14 theme rRNA 310:313 arg1 analysis 329:336 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:336 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:336 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 10 15 theme name 1049:1052 arg1 sp 1080:1081 the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp 1045:1081 the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp 1045:1081 Therefore, strain RC11T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 28829031 3 16 theme gene 315:318 arg1 analysis 329:336 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:336 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:336 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 3 17 with 22192T 454:459 arg1 similarity 482:491 98.1 % sequence similarity 466:491 98.1 % sequence similarity 466:491 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 0 18 theme aurantiacus 14:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp 0:27 Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 0:28 Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 28829031 2 19 theme strain 132:137 arg1 bacterium 121:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 65:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 65:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 2 19 theme strain 132:137 arg1 RC11T 139:143 strain RC11T 132:143 strain RC11T 132:143 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 12 20 theme =KCTC 1128:1132 arg1 2452T 1158:1162 =KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T 1128:1162 =KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T 1128:1162 The type strain is RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T). 28829031 12 20 theme =KCTC 1128:1132 arg1 RC11T 1121:1125 RC11T 1121:1125 RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T) 1121:1163 The type strain is RC11T (=KCTC 33816T=LMG 29659T=TISTR 2452T). 28829031 3 21 theme Paenibacillus 380:392 arg1 genus 374:378 the genus Paenibacillus 370:392 the genus Paenibacillus 370:392 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 0 22 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 26:27 Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp 0:27 Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 0:28 Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 28829031 5 23 theme major 573:577 arg1 MK-7 595:598 MK-7 595:598 MK-7 595:598 The major menaquinone was MK-7. 28829031 5 23 theme major 573:577 arg1 menaquinone 579:589 The major menaquinone 569:589 The major menaquinone 569:589 The major menaquinone was MK-7. 28829031 3 24 theme Paenibacillus 421:433 arg1 22192T 454:459 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T 421:459 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity 421:491 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 3 25 theme strain 339:344 arg1 RC11T 346:350 strain RC11T 339:350 strain RC11T 339:350 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 7 26 theme major 785:789 arg1 Diphosphatidylglycerol 702:723 Diphosphatidylglycerol 702:723 Diphosphatidylglycerol 702:723 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. 28829031 7 26 theme major 785:789 arg1 lipids 797:802 the major polar lipids 781:802 the major polar lipids 781:802 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. 28829031 7 26 theme major 785:789 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 755:774 phosphatidylglycerol 755:774 phosphatidylglycerol 755:774 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. 28829031 7 26 theme major 785:789 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 726:749 phosphatidylethanolamine 726:749 phosphatidylethanolamine 726:749 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. 28829031 2 27 theme polyphasic 269:278 arg1 approach 280:287 a polyphasic approach 267:287 a polyphasic approach 267:287 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 3 28 theme phyllosphaerae 435:448 arg1 22192T 454:459 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T 421:459 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity 421:491 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 4 29 from meso-diaminopimelic 517:535 arg1 peptidoglycan 554:566 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 540:566 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 540:566 Strain RC11T contained meso-diaminopimelic in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28829031 3 30 theme 98.1  466:470 arg1 % 471:471 % 471:471 % 471:471 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 2 31 theme nest 164:167 arg1 soil 169:172 ant nest soil 160:172 ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand 160:217 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 2 32 theme rod-shaped 88:97 arg1 bacterium 121:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 65:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 65:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 2 32 theme rod-shaped 88:97 arg1 RC11T 139:143 strain RC11T 132:143 strain RC11T 132:143 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 9 33 theme strain 853:858 arg1 RC11T 860:864 strain RC11T 853:864 strain RC11T 853:864 In addition, strain RC11T and P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %). 28829031 2 34 theme ant 160:162 arg1 soil 169:172 ant nest soil 160:172 ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand 160:217 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 4 35 theme cell-wall 544:552 arg1 peptidoglycan 554:566 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 540:566 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 540:566 Strain RC11T contained meso-diaminopimelic in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28829031 9 36 theme DNA-DNA 921:927 arg1 relatedness 929:939 DNA-DNA relatedness 921:939 DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %) 921:953 In addition, strain RC11T and P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %). 28829031 9 36 theme DNA-DNA 921:927 arg1 % 952:952 15.6-33.2 % 942:952 15.6-33.2 % 942:952 In addition, strain RC11T and P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %). 28829031 4 37 theme Strain 494:499 arg1 RC11T 501:505 Strain RC11T 494:505 Strain RC11T 494:505 Strain RC11T contained meso-diaminopimelic in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28829031 7 38 theme polar 791:795 arg1 Diphosphatidylglycerol 702:723 Diphosphatidylglycerol 702:723 Diphosphatidylglycerol 702:723 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. 28829031 7 38 theme polar 791:795 arg1 lipids 797:802 the major polar lipids 781:802 the major polar lipids 781:802 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. 28829031 7 38 theme polar 791:795 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 755:774 phosphatidylglycerol 755:774 phosphatidylglycerol 755:774 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. 28829031 7 38 theme polar 791:795 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 726:749 phosphatidylethanolamine 726:749 phosphatidylethanolamine 726:749 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. 28829031 10 39 theme strain 967:972 arg1 RC11T 974:978 strain RC11T 967:978 strain RC11T 967:978 Therefore, strain RC11T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 28829031 9 40 theme P. 870:871 arg1 22192T 892:897 P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T 870:897 P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T 870:897 In addition, strain RC11T and P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %). 28829031 9 41 dep P. 870:871 arg1 phyllosphaerae 873:886 phyllosphaerae 873:886 phyllosphaerae 873:886 In addition, strain RC11T and P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %). 28829031 2 42 theme Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 bacterium 121:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 65:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 65:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 2 42 theme Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 RC11T 139:143 strain RC11T 132:143 strain RC11T 132:143 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 2 43 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 RC11T 139:143 strain RC11T 132:143 strain RC11T 132:143 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 2 43 attach isolated 146:153 arg1 soil 169:172 ant nest soil 160:172 ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand 160:217 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 2 43 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 bacterium 121:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 65:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 65:129 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 8 44 theme DNA 809:811 arg1 content 817:823 The DNA G+C content 805:823 The DNA G+C content 805:823 The DNA G+C content was 57.9 mol%. 28829031 8 44 theme DNA 809:811 arg1 % 837:837 57.9 mol% 829:837 57.9 mol% 829:837 The DNA G+C content was 57.9 mol%. 28829031 6 45 dep Anteiso-C15  601:612 arg1  0 627:628  0 627:628  0 627:628 Anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids. 28829031 6 45 dep Anteiso-C15  601:612 arg1  0 614:615  0 614:615  0 614:615 Anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids. 28829031 2 46 theme taxonomic 242:250 arg1 study 252:256 a taxonomic study 240:256 a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach 240:287 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, strain RC11T, isolated from ant nest soil collected from Udon Thani Province, Thailand was characterized in a taxonomic study based on a polyphasic approach. 28829031 3 47 theme LMG 450:452 arg1 22192T 454:459 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T 421:459 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity 421:491 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 3 48 dep analysis 329:336 arg1 the 293:295 the 293:295 the 293:295 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 3 48 dep analysis 329:336 arg1 basis 297:301 basis 297:301 basis 297:301 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 4 49 contain contained 507:515 arg2 meso-diaminopimelic 517:535 meso-diaminopimelic 517:535 meso-diaminopimelic in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 517:566 Strain RC11T contained meso-diaminopimelic in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28829031 4 49 contain contained 507:515 arg1 RC11T 501:505 Strain RC11T 494:505 Strain RC11T 494:505 Strain RC11T contained meso-diaminopimelic in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28829031 9 50 theme low 908:910 arg1 level 912:916 a low level 906:916 a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %) 906:953 In addition, strain RC11T and P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %). 28829031 9 51 theme LMG 888:890 arg1 22192T 892:897 P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T 870:897 P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T 870:897 In addition, strain RC11T and P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %). 28829031 10 52 theme novel 993:997 arg1 species 999:1005 a novel species 991:1005 a novel species 991:1005 Therefore, strain RC11T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus aurantiacus sp. 28829031 6 53 theme fatty 689:693 arg1 acids 695:699 the predominant cellular fatty acids 664:699 the predominant cellular fatty acids 664:699 Anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids. 28829031 6 53 theme fatty 689:693 arg1 Anteiso-C15  601:612 Anteiso-C15  601:612 Anteiso-C15  601:612 Anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids. 28829031 8 54 theme G+C 813:815 arg1 content 817:823 The DNA G+C content 805:823 The DNA G+C content 805:823 The DNA G+C content was 57.9 mol%. 28829031 8 54 theme G+C 813:815 arg1 % 837:837 57.9 mol% 829:837 57.9 mol% 829:837 The DNA G+C content was 57.9 mol%. 28829031 3 55 theme 16S 306:308 arg1 analysis 329:336 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:336 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:336 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RC11T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. 28829031 6 56 theme cellular 680:687 arg1 acids 695:699 the predominant cellular fatty acids 664:699 the predominant cellular fatty acids 664:699 Anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids. 28829031 6 56 theme cellular 680:687 arg1 Anteiso-C15  601:612 Anteiso-C15  601:612 Anteiso-C15  601:612 Anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids. 28829031 9 57 theme relatedness 929:939 arg1 level 912:916 a low level 906:916 a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %) 906:953 In addition, strain RC11T and P. phyllosphaerae LMG 22192T showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (15.6-33.2 %). 28829031 8 58 theme 57.9 mol 829:836 arg1 content 817:823 The DNA G+C content 805:823 The DNA G+C content 805:823 The DNA G+C content was 57.9 mol%. 28829031 8 58 theme 57.9 mol 829:836 arg1 % 837:837 57.9 mol% 829:837 57.9 mol% 829:837 The DNA G+C content was 57.9 mol%. 28792371 4 0 theme strain 492:497 arg1 AFT2T 499:503 strain AFT2T 492:503 strain AFT2T 492:503 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain AFT2T was most closely (97.01 %) correlated and formed a monophyletic clade with Naumannella halotolerans WS4616T (=DSM 24323T). 28792371 1 1 theme Naumannella 136:146 arg1 description 111:121 description 111:121 description of the genus Naumannella 111:146 nov., isolated from a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting, and emended description of the genus Naumannella. 28792371 4 2 theme monophyletic 556:567 arg1 clade 569:573 a monophyletic clade 554:573 a monophyletic clade 554:573 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain AFT2T was most closely (97.01 %) correlated and formed a monophyletic clade with Naumannella halotolerans WS4616T (=DSM 24323T). 28792371 3 3 theme Gram-stain-positive 287:305 arg1 isolate 273:279 The isolate 269:279 The isolate 269:279 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 3 3 theme Gram-stain-positive 287:305 arg1 bacterium 376:384 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium 285:384 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies 285:421 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 5 4 theme G+C 632:634 arg1 % 676:676 71.97 mol% 667:676 71.97 mol% 667:676 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 5 4 theme G+C 632:634 arg1 content 636:642 The G+C content 628:642 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 628:661 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 6 5 theme cellular 770:777 arg1 acid 785:788 The major cellular fatty acid 760:788 The major cellular fatty acid 760:788 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.32 %), and MK-9(H4) was the only respiratory quinone. 28792371 4 6 theme 16S 455:457 arg1 rRNA 459:462 16S rRNA 455:462 16S rRNA gene sequence 455:476 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain AFT2T was most closely (97.01 %) correlated and formed a monophyletic clade with Naumannella halotolerans WS4616T (=DSM 24323T). 28792371 9 7 theme genus 1322:1326 arg1 Naumannella 1328:1338 the genus Naumannella 1318:1338 the genus Naumannella 1318:1338 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 8 8 theme whole-cell 1084:1093 arg1 sugars 1095:1100 the whole-cell sugars 1080:1100 the whole-cell sugars 1080:1100 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ), and the whole-cell sugars consisted of ribose, mannose, arabinose and galactose. 28792371 7 9 theme polar 872:876 arg1 lipids 878:883 The polar lipids 868:883 The polar lipids 868:883 The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and five unknown glycolipids. 28792371 6 10 theme major 764:768 arg1 acid 785:788 The major cellular fatty acid 760:788 The major cellular fatty acid 760:788 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.32 %), and MK-9(H4) was the only respiratory quinone. 28792371 11 11 theme type 1410:1413 arg1 AFT2T 1425:1429 AFT2T 1425:1429 AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T) 1425:1462 The type strain is AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T). 28792371 11 11 theme type 1410:1413 arg1 strain 1415:1420 The type strain 1406:1420 The type strain 1406:1420 The type strain is AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T). 28792371 9 12 theme Naumannella 1328:1338 arg1 species 1307:1313 a novel species 1299:1313 a novel species 1299:1313 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 3 13 theme aerobic 339:345 arg1 isolate 273:279 The isolate 269:279 The isolate 269:279 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 3 13 theme aerobic 339:345 arg1 bacterium 376:384 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium 285:384 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies 285:421 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 4 14 theme gene 464:467 arg1 sequence 469:476 16S rRNA gene sequence 455:476 16S rRNA gene sequence 455:476 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain AFT2T was most closely (97.01 %) correlated and formed a monophyletic clade with Naumannella halotolerans WS4616T (=DSM 24323T). 28792371 4 15 theme =DSM 614:617 arg1 WS4616T 605:611 WS4616T 605:611 WS4616T 605:611 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain AFT2T was most closely (97.01 %) correlated and formed a monophyletic clade with Naumannella halotolerans WS4616T (=DSM 24323T). 28792371 4 15 theme =DSM 614:617 arg1 24323T 619:624 =DSM 24323T 614:624 =DSM 24323T 614:624 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain AFT2T was most closely (97.01 %) correlated and formed a monophyletic clade with Naumannella halotolerans WS4616T (=DSM 24323T). 28792371 5 16 theme halotolerans 735:746 arg1 24323T 752:757 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 732:757 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 732:757 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 3 17 theme non-spore-forming 320:336 arg1 isolate 273:279 The isolate 269:279 The isolate 269:279 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 3 17 theme non-spore-forming 320:336 arg1 bacterium 376:384 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium 285:384 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies 285:421 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 4 18 dep correlated 532:541 arg1 % 529:529 97.01 % 523:529 97.01 % 523:529 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain AFT2T was most closely (97.01 %) correlated and formed a monophyletic clade with Naumannella halotolerans WS4616T (=DSM 24323T). 28792371 1 19 theme ca. 65:67 arg1 painting 89:96 a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting 63:96 a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting 63:96 nov., isolated from a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting, and emended description of the genus Naumannella. 28792371 9 20 theme strain 1242:1247 arg1 AFT2T 1249:1253 strain AFT2T 1242:1253 strain AFT2T 1242:1253 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 9 20 theme strain 1242:1247 arg1 representative 1281:1294 a representative 1279:1294 a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 1279:1385 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 8 21 theme ll-Diaminopimelic 997:1013 arg1 acid 1015:1018 ll-Diaminopimelic acid 997:1018 ll-Diaminopimelic acid 997:1018 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ), and the whole-cell sugars consisted of ribose, mannose, arabinose and galactose. 28792371 1 22 theme 1500-year-old 69:81 arg1 painting 89:96 a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting 63:96 a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting 63:96 nov., isolated from a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting, and emended description of the genus Naumannella. 28792371 7 23 theme unknown 976:982 arg1 glycolipids 984:994 five unknown glycolipids 971:994 five unknown glycolipids 971:994 The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and five unknown glycolipids. 28792371 3 24 theme oval 351:354 arg1 isolate 273:279 The isolate 269:279 The isolate 269:279 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 3 24 theme oval 351:354 arg1 bacterium 376:384 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium 285:384 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies 285:421 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 8 25 theme cell-wall 1040:1048 arg1 peptidoglycan 1050:1062 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1036:1062 the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ) 1036:1073 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ), and the whole-cell sugars consisted of ribose, mannose, arabinose and galactose. 28792371 8 25 theme cell-wall 1040:1048 arg1 A3γ 1070:1072 type A3γ 1065:1072 type A3γ 1065:1072 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ), and the whole-cell sugars consisted of ribose, mannose, arabinose and galactose. 28792371 6 26 theme fatty 779:783 arg1 acid 785:788 The major cellular fatty acid 760:788 The major cellular fatty acid 760:788 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.32 %), and MK-9(H4) was the only respiratory quinone. 28792371 11 27 theme 2015428T=DSM 1442:1453 arg1 103164T 1455:1461 =CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T 1432:1461 =CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T 1432:1461 The type strain is AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T). 28792371 11 27 theme 2015428T=DSM 1442:1453 arg1 AFT2T 1425:1429 AFT2T 1425:1429 AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T) 1425:1462 The type strain is AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T). 28792371 1 28 theme mural 83:87 arg1 painting 89:96 a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting 63:96 a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting 63:96 nov., isolated from a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting, and emended description of the genus Naumannella. 28792371 2 29 from tomb 229:232 arg1 sample 197:202 a mural painting sample 180:202 a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China 180:266 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 9 30 theme name 1355:1358 arg1 sp 1384:1385 the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 1351:1385 the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 1351:1385 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 0 31 theme cuiyingiana 27:37 arg1 sp 39:40 Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 15:40 Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 15:40 Description of Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 1 32 attach isolated 49:56 arg2 nov. 43:46 nov. 43:46 nov. 43:46 nov., isolated from a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting, and emended description of the genus Naumannella. 28792371 1 32 attach isolated 49:56 arg1 painting 89:96 a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting 63:96 a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting 63:96 nov., isolated from a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting, and emended description of the genus Naumannella. 28792371 5 33 theme 71.97 mol 667:675 arg1 % 676:676 71.97 mol% 667:676 71.97 mol% 667:676 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 5 33 theme 71.97 mol 667:675 arg1 content 636:642 The G+C content 628:642 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 628:661 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 11 34 theme =CCTCC 1432:1437 arg1 103164T 1455:1461 =CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T 1432:1461 =CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T 1432:1461 The type strain is AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T). 28792371 11 34 theme =CCTCC 1432:1437 arg1 AFT2T 1425:1429 AFT2T 1425:1429 AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T) 1425:1462 The type strain is AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T). 28792371 9 35 theme Naumannella 1360:1370 arg1 sp 1384:1385 the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 1351:1385 the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 1351:1385 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 0 36 theme Naumannella 15:25 arg1 sp 39:40 Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 15:40 Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 15:40 Description of Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 3 37 dep Gram-stain-positive 287:305 arg1 to 356:357 to 356:357 to 356:357 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 3 37 dep Gram-stain-positive 287:305 arg1 short-rod-shaped 359:374 short-rod-shaped 359:374 short-rod-shaped 359:374 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 2 38 attach isolated 166:173 arg1 sample 197:202 a mural painting sample 180:202 a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China 180:266 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 2 38 attach isolated 166:173 arg2 AFT2T 156:160 Strain AFT2T 149:160 Strain AFT2T 149:160 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 5 39 theme N. 732:733 arg1 24323T 752:757 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 732:757 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 732:757 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 9 40 dep characteristics 1205:1219 arg1 the 1160:1162 the 1160:1162 the 1160:1162 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 9 40 dep characteristics 1205:1219 arg1 basis 1164:1168 basis 1164:1168 basis 1164:1168 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 2 41 theme ca. 211:213 arg1 tomb 229:232 a ca. 1500-year-old tomb 209:232 a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China 209:266 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 2 42 from located 234:240 arg1 China 262:266 China 262:266 China 262:266 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 11 43 theme AB 1439:1440 arg1 103164T 1455:1461 =CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T 1432:1461 =CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T 1432:1461 The type strain is AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T). 28792371 11 43 theme AB 1439:1440 arg1 AFT2T 1425:1429 AFT2T 1425:1429 AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T) 1425:1462 The type strain is AFT2T (=CCTCC AB 2015428T=DSM 103164T). 28792371 0 44 theme sp 39:40 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 0:41 Description of Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 6 45 theme respiratory 847:857 arg1  0 807:808  0 807:808  0 807:808 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.32 %), and MK-9(H4) was the only respiratory quinone. 28792371 6 45 theme respiratory 847:857 arg1 MK-9 825:828 MK-9 825:828 MK-9 825:828 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.32 %), and MK-9(H4) was the only respiratory quinone. 28792371 6 45 theme respiratory 847:857 arg1 quinone 859:865 the only respiratory quinone 838:865 the only respiratory quinone 838:865 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.32 %), and MK-9(H4) was the only respiratory quinone. 28792371 3 46 theme white-pigmented 398:412 arg1 colonies 414:421 white-pigmented colonies 398:421 white-pigmented colonies 398:421 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 4 47 theme rRNA 459:462 arg1 sequence 469:476 16S rRNA gene sequence 455:476 16S rRNA gene sequence 455:476 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain AFT2T was most closely (97.01 %) correlated and formed a monophyletic clade with Naumannella halotolerans WS4616T (=DSM 24323T). 28792371 5 48 theme 37.27  701:706 arg1 % 707:707 % 707:707 % 707:707 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 5 49 theme DSM 748:750 arg1 24323T 752:757 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 732:757 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 732:757 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 2 50 theme Strain 149:154 arg1 AFT2T 156:160 Strain AFT2T 149:160 Strain AFT2T 149:160 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 7 51 theme unknown 945:951 arg1 phospholipids 953:965 two unknown phospholipids 941:965 two unknown phospholipids 941:965 The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and five unknown glycolipids. 28792371 5 52 theme genomic 651:657 arg1 DNA 659:661 the genomic DNA 647:661 the genomic DNA 647:661 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 2 53 theme painting 188:195 arg1 sample 197:202 a mural painting sample 180:202 a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China 180:266 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 9 54 theme cuiyingiana 1372:1382 arg1 sp 1384:1385 the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 1351:1385 the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 1351:1385 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 8 55 located detected 1024:1031 arg2 acid 1015:1018 ll-Diaminopimelic acid 997:1018 ll-Diaminopimelic acid 997:1018 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ), and the whole-cell sugars consisted of ribose, mannose, arabinose and galactose. 28792371 8 55 located detected 1024:1031 arg1 peptidoglycan 1050:1062 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1036:1062 the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ) 1036:1073 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ), and the whole-cell sugars consisted of ribose, mannose, arabinose and galactose. 28792371 8 55 located detected 1024:1031 arg1 A3γ 1070:1072 type A3γ 1065:1072 type A3γ 1065:1072 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ), and the whole-cell sugars consisted of ribose, mannose, arabinose and galactose. 28792371 5 56 theme DNA 659:661 arg1 % 676:676 71.97 mol% 667:676 71.97 mol% 667:676 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 5 56 theme DNA 659:661 arg1 content 636:642 The G+C content 628:642 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 628:661 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 2 57 theme mural 182:186 arg1 sample 197:202 a mural painting sample 180:202 a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China 180:266 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 5 58 theme DNA-DNA 709:715 arg1 relatedness 717:727 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness 701:727 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 701:757 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 9 59 theme phenotypic 1177:1186 arg1 characteristics 1205:1219 its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1173:1219 its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1173:1219 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 2 60 theme located 234:240 arg1 tomb 229:232 a ca. 1500-year-old tomb 209:232 a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China 209:266 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 8 61 theme type 1065:1068 arg1 peptidoglycan 1050:1062 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1036:1062 the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ) 1036:1073 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ), and the whole-cell sugars consisted of ribose, mannose, arabinose and galactose. 28792371 8 61 theme type 1065:1068 arg1 A3γ 1070:1072 type A3γ 1065:1072 type A3γ 1065:1072 ll-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type A3γ), and the whole-cell sugars consisted of ribose, mannose, arabinose and galactose. 28792371 2 62 from China 262:266 arg1 located 234:240 located 234:240 located 234:240 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 9 63 theme novel 1301:1305 arg1 species 1307:1313 a novel species 1299:1313 a novel species 1299:1313 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 5 64 theme % 707:707 arg1 relatedness 717:727 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness 701:727 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 701:757 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.97 mol%, and the strain showed 37.27 % DNA-DNA relatedness to N. halotolerans DSM 24323T. 28792371 4 65 theme Phylogenetic 424:435 arg1 analyses 437:444 Phylogenetic analyses 424:444 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence 424:476 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain AFT2T was most closely (97.01 %) correlated and formed a monophyletic clade with Naumannella halotolerans WS4616T (=DSM 24323T). 28792371 9 66 theme species 1307:1313 arg1 AFT2T 1249:1253 strain AFT2T 1242:1253 strain AFT2T 1242:1253 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 9 66 theme species 1307:1313 arg1 representative 1281:1294 a representative 1279:1294 a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp 1279:1385 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 3 67 theme non-motile 308:317 arg1 isolate 273:279 The isolate 269:279 The isolate 269:279 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 3 67 theme non-motile 308:317 arg1 bacterium 376:384 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium 285:384 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies 285:421 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and oval to short-rod-shaped bacterium that formed white-pigmented colonies. 28792371 9 68 theme phylogenetic 1192:1203 arg1 characteristics 1205:1219 its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1173:1219 its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1173:1219 On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain AFT2T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella cuiyingiana sp. 28792371 2 69 theme 1500-year-old 215:227 arg1 tomb 229:232 a ca. 1500-year-old tomb 209:232 a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China 209:266 Strain AFT2T was isolated from a mural painting sample from a ca. 1500-year-old tomb located in Shanxi Province, China. 28792371 1 70 theme genus 130:134 arg1 Naumannella 136:146 the genus Naumannella 126:146 the genus Naumannella 126:146 nov., isolated from a ca. 1500-year-old mural painting, and emended description of the genus Naumannella. 26296691 4 0 theme fatty 376:380 arg1 acids 382:386 the major fatty acids 366:386 the major fatty acids 366:386 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 7 1 dep data 1042:1045 arg1 the 985:987 the 985:987 the 985:987 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 7 1 dep data 1042:1045 arg1 basis 989:993 basis 989:993 basis 989:993 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 9 2 theme = 1220:1220 arg1 NKM-5 1193:1197 NKM-5 1193:1197 NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)) 1193:1234 The type strain is NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)). 26296691 9 2 theme = 1220:1220 arg1 T 1232:1232  = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T) 1203:1233  = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T) 1203:1233 The type strain is NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)). 26296691 4 3 theme polar 627:631 arg1 lipids 633:638 the polar lipids 623:638 the polar lipids 623:638 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 6 4 theme lupini 891:896 arg1 T 906:906 T 906:906 T 906:906 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 6 4 theme lupini 891:896 arg1 RLAHU4B 898:904 Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B 882:904 Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) 882:935 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 6 4 theme lupini 891:896 arg1 similarity 925:934 96.9% sequence similarity 910:934 96.9% sequence similarity 910:934 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 2 5 from forest 130:135 arg1 Jeju 155:158 Jeju 155:158 Jeju 155:158 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 2 5 from forest 130:135 arg1 Republic 161:168 Republic 161:168 Republic 161:168 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 4 6 theme Strain 305:310 arg1 NKM-5 312:316 Strain NKM-5 305:316 Strain NKM-5(T) 305:319 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 6 theme Strain 305:310 arg1 T 318:318 T 318:318 T 318:318 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 1 7 theme lava 43:46 arg1 soil 55:58 lava forest soil 43:58 lava forest soil 43:58 nov., isolated from lava forest soil. 26296691 6 8 theme Cohnella 882:889 arg1 T 906:906 T 906:906 T 906:906 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 6 8 theme Cohnella 882:889 arg1 RLAHU4B 898:904 Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B 882:904 Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) 882:935 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 6 8 theme Cohnella 882:889 arg1 similarity 925:934 96.9% sequence similarity 910:934 96.9% sequence similarity 910:934 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 7 9 theme novel 1077:1081 arg1 species 1083:1089 a novel species 1075:1089 a novel species 1075:1089 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 1 10 theme forest 48:53 arg1 soil 55:58 lava forest soil 43:58 lava forest soil 43:58 nov., isolated from lava forest soil. 26296691 6 11 theme genus 966:970 arg1 Cohnella 972:979 the genus Cohnella 962:979 the genus Cohnella 962:979 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 6 12 theme gene 809:812 arg1 sequencing 814:823 16S rRNA gene sequencing 800:823 16S rRNA gene sequencing 800:823 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 4 13 from acid 696:699 arg1 peptidoglycan 718:730 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 704:730 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 704:730 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 14 theme cell-wall 708:716 arg1 peptidoglycan 718:730 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 704:730 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 704:730 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 15 theme major 370:374 arg1 acids 382:386 the major fatty acids 366:386 the major fatty acids 366:386 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 7 16 theme name 1128:1131 arg1 sp 1152:1153 the name Cohnella collisoli sp 1124:1153 the name Cohnella collisoli sp 1124:1153 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 7 17 theme phenotypic 1031:1040 arg1 data 1042:1045 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1045 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1045 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 5 18 theme G+C 741:743 arg1 content 745:751 The DNA G+C content 733:751 The DNA G+C content 733:751 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 26296691 5 18 theme G+C 741:743 arg1 % 765:765 48.3 mol% 757:765 48.3 mol% 757:765 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 26296691 6 19 theme 16S 800:802 arg1 sequencing 814:823 16S rRNA gene sequencing 800:823 16S rRNA gene sequencing 800:823 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 7 20 theme genus 1098:1102 arg1 Cohnella 1104:1111 the genus Cohnella 1094:1111 the genus Cohnella 1094:1111 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 7 21 theme Cohnella 1133:1140 arg1 sp 1152:1153 the name Cohnella collisoli sp 1124:1153 the name Cohnella collisoli sp 1124:1153 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 0 22 theme Cohnella 0:7 arg1 collisoli 9:17 Cohnella collisoli 0:17 Cohnella collisoli 0:17 Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 4 23 theme predominant 417:427 arg1 quinone 440:446 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 413:446 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 413:446 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 24 contain contained 321:329 arg2 0 361:361 0 361:361 0 361:361 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 24 contain contained 321:329 arg2 0 345:345 0 345:345 0 345:345 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 24 contain contained 321:329 arg2 MK-7 404:407 MK-7 404:407 MK-7 404:407 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 24 contain contained 321:329 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 24 contain contained 321:329 arg2 acid 665:668 meso-diaminopimelic acid 645:668 meso-diaminopimelic acid 645:668 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 24 contain contained 321:329 arg1 NKM-5 312:316 Strain NKM-5 305:316 Strain NKM-5(T) 305:319 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 24 contain contained 321:329 arg2 acid 696:699 the diagnostic diamino acid 673:699 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 673:730 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 24 contain contained 321:329 arg1 T 318:318 T 318:318 T 318:318 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 24 contain contained 321:329 arg2 anteiso-C15 331:341 anteiso-C15 331:341 anteiso-C15 331:341 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 3 25 theme strain 189:194 arg1 T 202:202 T 202:202 T 202:202 Cells of strain NKM-5(T) were Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and oxidase- and catalase-positive. 26296691 3 25 theme strain 189:194 arg1 NKM-5 196:200 strain NKM-5 189:200 strain NKM-5(T) 189:203 Cells of strain NKM-5(T) were Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and oxidase- and catalase-positive. 26296691 4 26 theme diamino 688:694 arg1 acid 696:699 the diagnostic diamino acid 673:699 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 673:730 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 26 theme diamino 688:694 arg1 acid 665:668 meso-diaminopimelic acid 645:668 meso-diaminopimelic acid 645:668 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 26 theme diamino 688:694 arg1 anteiso-C15 331:341 anteiso-C15 331:341 anteiso-C15 331:341 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 26 theme diamino 688:694 arg1 0 361:361 0 361:361 0 361:361 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 26 theme diamino 688:694 arg1 MK-7 404:407 MK-7 404:407 MK-7 404:407 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 26 theme diamino 688:694 arg1 0 345:345 0 345:345 0 345:345 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 26 theme diamino 688:694 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 2 27 from Republic 161:168 arg1 soil 115:118 soil 115:118 soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea 115:177 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 5 28 theme mol 762:764 arg1 content 745:751 The DNA G+C content 733:751 The DNA G+C content 733:751 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 26296691 5 28 theme mol 762:764 arg1 % 765:765 48.3 mol% 757:765 48.3 mol% 757:765 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 26296691 5 29 theme 48.3 757:760 arg1 content 745:751 The DNA G+C content 733:751 The DNA G+C content 733:751 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 26296691 5 29 theme 48.3 757:760 arg1 % 765:765 48.3 mol% 757:765 48.3 mol% 757:765 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 26296691 3 30 theme NKM-5 196:200 arg1 Cells 180:184 Cells 180:184 Cells of strain NKM-5(T) 180:203 Cells of strain NKM-5(T) were Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and oxidase- and catalase-positive. 26296691 4 31 theme diagnostic 677:686 arg1 acid 696:699 the diagnostic diamino acid 673:699 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 673:730 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 31 theme diagnostic 677:686 arg1 acid 665:668 meso-diaminopimelic acid 645:668 meso-diaminopimelic acid 645:668 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 31 theme diagnostic 677:686 arg1 anteiso-C15 331:341 anteiso-C15 331:341 anteiso-C15 331:341 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 31 theme diagnostic 677:686 arg1 0 361:361 0 361:361 0 361:361 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 31 theme diagnostic 677:686 arg1 MK-7 404:407 MK-7 404:407 MK-7 404:407 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 31 theme diagnostic 677:686 arg1 0 345:345 0 345:345 0 345:345 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 31 theme diagnostic 677:686 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 6 32 theme sequence 916:923 arg1 similarity 925:934 96.9% sequence similarity 910:934 96.9% sequence similarity 910:934 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 6 32 theme sequence 916:923 arg1 RLAHU4B 898:904 Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B 882:904 Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) 882:935 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 7 33 theme strain 1048:1053 arg1 T 1061:1061 T 1061:1061 T 1061:1061 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 7 33 theme strain 1048:1053 arg1 NKM-5 1055:1059 strain NKM-5 1048:1059 strain NKM-5(T) 1048:1062 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 4 34 theme isoprenoid 429:438 arg1 quinone 440:446 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 413:446 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 413:446 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 35 theme unidentified 588:599 arg1 aminophospholipids 601:618 three unidentified aminophospholipids 582:618 three unidentified aminophospholipids 582:618 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 6 36 theme % 914:914 arg1 similarity 925:934 96.9% sequence similarity 910:934 96.9% sequence similarity 910:934 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 6 36 theme % 914:914 arg1 RLAHU4B 898:904 Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B 882:904 Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) 882:935 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 7 37 theme phylogenetic 998:1009 arg1 data 1042:1045 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1045 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1045 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 4 38 theme unidentified 552:563 arg1 phospholipid 565:576 an unidentified phospholipid 549:576 an unidentified phospholipid 549:576 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 2 39 theme bacterial 69:77 arg1 NKM-5 87:91 NKM-5 87:91 NKM-5(T) 87:94 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 2 39 theme bacterial 69:77 arg1 strain 79:84 A novel bacterial strain 61:84 A novel bacterial strain 61:84 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 6 40 theme 96.9 910:913 arg1 % 914:914 % 914:914 % 914:914 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 6 41 theme rRNA 804:807 arg1 sequencing 814:823 16S rRNA gene sequencing 800:823 16S rRNA gene sequencing 800:823 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 7 42 theme Cohnella 1104:1111 arg1 species 1083:1089 a novel species 1075:1089 a novel species 1075:1089 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 5 43 theme DNA 737:739 arg1 content 745:751 The DNA G+C content 733:751 The DNA G+C content 733:751 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 26296691 5 43 theme DNA 737:739 arg1 % 765:765 48.3 mol% 757:765 48.3 mol% 757:765 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 26296691 2 44 theme novel 63:67 arg1 NKM-5 87:91 NKM-5 87:91 NKM-5(T) 87:94 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 2 44 theme novel 63:67 arg1 strain 79:84 A novel bacterial strain 61:84 A novel bacterial strain 61:84 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 7 45 theme collisoli 1142:1150 arg1 sp 1152:1153 the name Cohnella collisoli sp 1124:1153 the name Cohnella collisoli sp 1124:1153 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 6 46 theme Phylogenetic 768:779 arg1 analysis 781:788 Phylogenetic analysis 768:788 Phylogenetic analysis 768:788 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 9 47 theme 8805 1227:1230 arg1 NKM-5 1193:1197 NKM-5 1193:1197 NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)) 1193:1234 The type strain is NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)). 26296691 9 47 theme 8805 1227:1230 arg1 T 1232:1232  = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T) 1203:1233  = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T) 1203:1233 The type strain is NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)). 26296691 2 48 attach isolated 101:108 arg2 strain 79:84 A novel bacterial strain 61:84 A novel bacterial strain 61:84 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 2 48 attach isolated 101:108 arg1 soil 115:118 soil 115:118 soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea 115:177 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 2 48 attach isolated 101:108 arg2 NKM-5 87:91 NKM-5 87:91 NKM-5(T) 87:94 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 2 49 theme forest 130:135 arg1 soil 115:118 soil 115:118 soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea 115:177 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 0 50 dep sp 19:20 arg1 collisoli 9:17 Cohnella collisoli 0:17 Cohnella collisoli 0:17 Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 6 51 from clade 953:957 arg1 Cohnella 972:979 the genus Cohnella 962:979 the genus Cohnella 962:979 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 4 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 645:663 arg1 acid 696:699 the diagnostic diamino acid 673:699 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 673:730 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 645:663 arg1 acid 665:668 meso-diaminopimelic acid 645:668 meso-diaminopimelic acid 645:668 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 645:663 arg1 anteiso-C15 331:341 anteiso-C15 331:341 anteiso-C15 331:341 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 645:663 arg1 0 361:361 0 361:361 0 361:361 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 645:663 arg1 MK-7 404:407 MK-7 404:407 MK-7 404:407 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 645:663 arg1 0 345:345 0 345:345 0 345:345 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 4 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 645:663 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 diphosphatidylglycerol 449:470 Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26296691 2 53 from soil 115:118 arg1 Jeju 155:158 Jeju 155:158 Jeju 155:158 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 2 53 from soil 115:118 arg1 Republic 161:168 Republic 161:168 Republic 161:168 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 2 54 theme lava 125:128 arg1 forest 130:135 a lava forest 123:135 a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea 123:177 A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26296691 9 55 theme CECT 1222:1225 arg1 NKM-5 1193:1197 NKM-5 1193:1197 NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)) 1193:1234 The type strain is NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)). 26296691 9 55 theme CECT 1222:1225 arg1 T 1232:1232  = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T) 1203:1233  = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T) 1203:1233 The type strain is NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)). 26296691 6 56 theme strain 838:843 arg1 T 851:851 T 851:851 T 851:851 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 6 56 theme strain 838:843 arg1 NKM-5 845:849 strain NKM-5 838:849 strain NKM-5(T) 838:852 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. 26296691 7 57 theme chemotaxonomic 1012:1025 arg1 data 1042:1045 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1045 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 998:1045 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. 26296691 9 58 theme type 1178:1181 arg1 NKM-5 1193:1197 NKM-5 1193:1197 NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)) 1193:1234 The type strain is NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)). 26296691 9 58 theme type 1178:1181 arg1 strain 1183:1188 The type strain 1174:1188 The type strain 1174:1188 The type strain is NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)). 26126851 9 0 theme S. 1671:1672 arg1 colonization 1687:1698 S. aureus nasal colonization 1671:1698 S. aureus nasal colonization 1671:1698 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 6 1 theme MRSA 1147:1150 arg1 ability 1136:1142 the ability 1132:1142 the ability of MRSA to colonize cotton rat nares in vivo 1132:1187 Strikingly, a lack of WTA glycosylation significantly abrogated the ability of MRSA to colonize cotton rat nares in vivo. 26126851 4 2 theme emerging 617:624 arg1 MRSA 647:650 emerging livestock-associated MRSA 617:650 emerging livestock-associated MRSA 617:650 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 9 3 theme nasal 1681:1685 arg1 colonization 1687:1698 S. aureus nasal colonization 1671:1698 S. aureus nasal colonization 1671:1698 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 4 4 theme MRSA 647:650 arg1 attachment 541:550 WTA-dependent attachment 527:550 WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells 527:682 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 9 5 theme teichoic 1606:1613 arg1 acid 1615:1618 wall teichoic acid 1601:1618 wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation 1601:1640 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 9 5 theme teichoic 1606:1613 arg1 WTA 1621:1623 WTA 1621:1623 WTA 1621:1623 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 2 6 theme surface-exposed 284:298 arg1 glycopolymer 313:324 a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer 277:324 a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer 277:324 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 2 6 theme surface-exposed 284:298 arg1 factor 235:240 A key factor 229:240 A key factor required for nasal colonization 229:272 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 4 7 theme nutrient 722:729 arg1 composition 731:741 nutrient composition 722:741 nutrient composition 722:741 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 2 8 theme teichoic 339:346 arg1 WTA 354:356 WTA 354:356 WTA 354:356 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 2 8 theme teichoic 339:346 arg1 acid 348:351 wall teichoic acid 334:351 wall teichoic acid (WTA) 334:357 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 1 9 theme community-acquired 198:215 arg1 infections 217:226 community-acquired infections 198:226 community-acquired infections 198:226 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. 26126851 10 10 theme nasal 1792:1796 arg1 colonization 1798:1809 nasal colonization 1792:1809 nasal colonization 1792:1809 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 5 11 theme similar 886:892 arg1 capacities 894:903 similar capacities 886:903 similar capacities 886:903 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 4 12 theme nasal 763:767 arg1 secretions 769:778 nasal secretions 763:778 nasal secretions 763:778 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 1 13 theme major 162:166 arg1 colonization 100:111 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization 83:111 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 83:155 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. 26126851 1 13 theme major 162:166 arg1 factor 173:178 a major risk factor 160:178 a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections 160:226 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. 26126851 5 14 theme human 930:934 arg1 cells 953:957 human nasal epithelial cells 930:957 human nasal epithelial cells 930:957 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 8 15 theme Nasal 1385:1389 arg1 colonization 1391:1402 Nasal colonization 1385:1402 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 1374:1452 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 5 16 theme WTA 816:818 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 820:834 WTA O-GlcNAcylation 816:834 WTA O-GlcNAcylation 816:834 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 5 17 theme epithelial 942:951 arg1 cells 953:957 human nasal epithelial cells 930:957 human nasal epithelial cells 930:957 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 4 18 theme WTA-dependent 527:539 arg1 attachment 541:550 WTA-dependent attachment 527:550 WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells 527:682 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 7 19 theme nasal 1256:1260 arg1 colonization 1262:1273 S. aureus nasal colonization 1246:1273 S. aureus nasal colonization 1246:1273 These results indicate that WTA glycosylation modulates S. aureus nasal colonization and may help to develop new strategies for eradicating S. aureus nasal colonization in the future. 26126851 5 20 theme redundant 1008:1016 arg1 pathways 1018:1025 redundant pathways 1008:1025 redundant pathways 1008:1025 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 8 21 theme major 1411:1415 arg1 pathogen 1423:1430 the major human pathogen 1407:1430 the major human pathogen 1407:1430 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 8 22 from spread 1527:1532 arg1 hospitals 1553:1561 hospitals 1553:1561 hospitals 1553:1561 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 8 22 from spread 1527:1532 arg1 community 1571:1579 the community 1567:1579 the community 1567:1579 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 1 23 theme Nasal 94:98 arg1 colonization 100:111 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization 83:111 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 83:155 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. 26126851 1 23 theme Nasal 94:98 arg1 factor 173:178 a major risk factor 160:178 a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections 160:226 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. 26126851 5 24 contain have 881:884 arg2 capacities 894:903 similar capacities 886:903 similar capacities 886:903 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 5 24 contain have 881:884 arg1 α 853:853 α 853:853 α 853:853 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 5 24 contain have 881:884 arg1 configuration 860:872 β configuration 858:872 β configuration 858:872 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 0 25 theme Wall 0:3 arg1 Acid 14:17 Wall Teichoic Acid 0:17 Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation 0:31 Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation Governs Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization. 26126851 9 26 theme acid 1615:1618 arg1 factor 1651:1656 a key factor 1645:1656 a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization 1645:1698 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 9 26 theme acid 1615:1618 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1626:1640 wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation 1601:1640 wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation 1601:1640 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 4 27 theme aureus 599:604 arg1 attachment 541:550 WTA-dependent attachment 527:550 WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells 527:682 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 0 28 theme Acid 14:17 arg1 Glycosylation 19:31 Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation 0:31 Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation 0:31 Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation Governs Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization. 26126851 1 29 theme human 120:124 arg1 pathogen 126:133 the human pathogen 116:133 the human pathogen 116:133 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. 26126851 6 30 theme WTA 1090:1092 arg1 glycosylation 1094:1106 WTA glycosylation 1090:1106 WTA glycosylation 1090:1106 Strikingly, a lack of WTA glycosylation significantly abrogated the ability of MRSA to colonize cotton rat nares in vivo. 26126851 10 31 theme aureus 1898:1903 arg1 colonization 1911:1922 S. aureus nasal colonization 1895:1922 S. aureus nasal colonization 1895:1922 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 8 32 dep IMPORTANCE 1374:1383 arg1 colonization 1391:1402 Nasal colonization 1385:1402 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 1374:1452 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 3 33 theme nasal 417:421 arg1 colonization 423:434 WTA-mediated nasal colonization 404:434 WTA-mediated nasal colonization 404:434 However, the precise mechanisms that govern WTA-mediated nasal colonization have remained elusive. 26126851 7 34 dep aureus 1333:1338 arg1 colonization 1346:1357 nasal colonization 1340:1357 S. aureus nasal colonization in the future 1330:1371 These results indicate that WTA glycosylation modulates S. aureus nasal colonization and may help to develop new strategies for eradicating S. aureus nasal colonization in the future. 26126851 10 35 theme high-risk 1927:1935 arg1 patients 1950:1957 high-risk hospitalized patients 1927:1957 high-risk hospitalized patients 1927:1957 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 8 36 theme severe 1475:1480 arg1 infections 1493:1502 severe endogenous infections 1475:1502 severe endogenous infections 1475:1502 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 10 37 theme mechanistic 1722:1732 arg1 explanation 1734:1744 a mechanistic explanation 1720:1744 a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization 1720:1809 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 5 38 theme appropriate 1037:1047 arg1 glycosylation 1053:1065 appropriate WTA glycosylation 1037:1065 appropriate WTA glycosylation 1037:1065 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 6 39 theme cotton 1164:1169 arg1 nares 1175:1179 cotton rat nares 1164:1179 cotton rat nares 1164:1179 Strikingly, a lack of WTA glycosylation significantly abrogated the ability of MRSA to colonize cotton rat nares in vivo. 26126851 10 40 theme WTA 1766:1768 arg1 capacity 1754:1761 the capacity 1750:1761 the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization 1750:1809 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 4 41 theme nasal 661:665 arg1 cells 678:682 human nasal epithelial cells 655:682 human nasal epithelial cells 655:682 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 9 42 theme aureus 1674:1679 arg1 colonization 1687:1698 S. aureus nasal colonization 1671:1698 S. aureus nasal colonization 1671:1698 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 5 43 theme nasal 936:940 arg1 cells 953:957 human nasal epithelial cells 930:957 human nasal epithelial cells 930:957 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 4 44 theme livestock-associated 626:645 arg1 MRSA 647:650 emerging livestock-associated MRSA 617:650 emerging livestock-associated MRSA 617:650 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 2 45 theme zwitterionic 300:311 arg1 glycopolymer 313:324 a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer 277:324 a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer 277:324 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 2 45 theme zwitterionic 300:311 arg1 factor 235:240 A key factor 229:240 A key factor required for nasal colonization 229:272 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 10 46 theme general 1970:1976 arg1 community 1978:1986 the general community 1966:1986 the general community 1966:1986 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 10 47 theme hospitalized 1937:1948 arg1 patients 1950:1957 high-risk hospitalized patients 1927:1957 high-risk hospitalized patients 1927:1957 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 2 48 theme wall 334:337 arg1 WTA 354:356 WTA 354:356 WTA 354:356 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 2 48 theme wall 334:337 arg1 acid 348:351 wall teichoic acid 334:351 wall teichoic acid (WTA) 334:357 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 2 49 theme nasal 255:259 arg1 colonization 261:272 nasal colonization 255:272 nasal colonization 255:272 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 4 50 dep composition 731:741 arg1 the 718:720 the 718:720 the 718:720 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 4 51 theme WTA 480:482 arg1 GlcNAcylation 484:496 WTA GlcNAcylation 480:496 WTA GlcNAcylation 480:496 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 4 51 theme WTA 480:482 arg1 requirement 511:521 a pivotal requirement 501:521 a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells 501:682 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 10 52 theme research 1829:1836 arg1 activities 1838:1847 research activities 1829:1847 research activities 1829:1847 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 2 53 theme cell 279:282 arg1 glycopolymer 313:324 a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer 277:324 a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer 277:324 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 2 53 theme cell 279:282 arg1 factor 235:240 A key factor 229:240 A key factor required for nasal colonization 229:272 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 8 54 theme microbe 1542:1548 arg1 spread 1527:1532 the spread 1523:1532 the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community 1523:1579 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 4 55 theme secretions 769:778 arg1 composition 731:741 nutrient composition 722:741 nutrient composition 722:741 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 4 55 theme secretions 769:778 arg1 flow 755:758 dynamic flow 747:758 dynamic flow 747:758 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 5 56 theme aureus 801:806 arg1 strain 808:813 the S. aureus strain 794:813 the S. aureus strain 794:813 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 10 57 theme valuable 1862:1869 arg1 strategies 1871:1880 valuable strategies 1862:1880 valuable strategies 1862:1880 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 1 58 theme risk 168:171 arg1 colonization 100:111 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization 83:111 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 83:155 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. 26126851 1 58 theme risk 168:171 arg1 factor 173:178 a major risk factor 160:178 a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections 160:226 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. 26126851 4 59 theme dynamic 747:753 arg1 flow 755:758 dynamic flow 747:758 dynamic flow 747:758 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 3 60 theme precise 373:379 arg1 mechanisms 381:390 the precise mechanisms 369:390 the precise mechanisms that govern WTA-mediated nasal colonization 369:434 However, the precise mechanisms that govern WTA-mediated nasal colonization have remained elusive. 26126851 1 61 theme UNLABELLED 83:92 arg1 colonization 100:111 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization 83:111 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 83:155 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. 26126851 1 61 theme UNLABELLED 83:92 arg1 factor 173:178 a major risk factor 160:178 a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections 160:226 UNLABELLED Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. 26126851 4 62 theme pivotal 503:509 arg1 GlcNAcylation 484:496 WTA GlcNAcylation 480:496 WTA GlcNAcylation 480:496 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 4 62 theme pivotal 503:509 arg1 requirement 511:521 a pivotal requirement 501:521 a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells 501:682 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 0 63 theme Teichoic 5:12 arg1 Acid 14:17 Wall Teichoic Acid 0:17 Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation 0:31 Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation Governs Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization. 26126851 5 64 theme many 976:979 arg1 strains 991:997 many S. aureus strains 976:997 many S. aureus strains 976:997 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 3 65 theme WTA-mediated 404:415 arg1 colonization 423:434 WTA-mediated nasal colonization 404:434 WTA-mediated nasal colonization 404:434 However, the precise mechanisms that govern WTA-mediated nasal colonization have remained elusive. 26126851 8 66 theme human 1417:1421 arg1 pathogen 1423:1430 the major human pathogen 1407:1430 the major human pathogen 1407:1430 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 5 67 theme β 858:858 arg1 configuration 860:872 β configuration 858:872 β configuration 858:872 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 5 68 theme aureus 984:989 arg1 strains 991:997 many S. aureus strains 976:997 many S. aureus strains 976:997 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 6 69 theme glycosylation 1094:1106 arg1 lack 1082:1085 a lack 1080:1085 a lack of WTA glycosylation 1080:1106 Strikingly, a lack of WTA glycosylation significantly abrogated the ability of MRSA to colonize cotton rat nares in vivo. 26126851 10 70 theme nasal 1905:1909 arg1 colonization 1911:1922 S. aureus nasal colonization 1895:1922 S. aureus nasal colonization 1895:1922 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 0 71 theme Staphylococcus 41:54 arg1 Colonization 69:80 Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization 41:80 Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization 41:80 Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation Governs Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization. 26126851 7 72 theme nasal 1340:1344 arg1 colonization 1346:1357 nasal colonization 1340:1357 S. aureus nasal colonization in the future 1330:1371 These results indicate that WTA glycosylation modulates S. aureus nasal colonization and may help to develop new strategies for eradicating S. aureus nasal colonization in the future. 26126851 10 73 theme S. 1895:1896 arg1 colonization 1911:1922 S. aureus nasal colonization 1895:1922 S. aureus nasal colonization 1895:1922 These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community. 26126851 7 74 theme S. 1246:1247 arg1 colonization 1262:1273 S. aureus nasal colonization 1246:1273 S. aureus nasal colonization 1246:1273 These results indicate that WTA glycosylation modulates S. aureus nasal colonization and may help to develop new strategies for eradicating S. aureus nasal colonization in the future. 26126851 5 75 theme S. 798:799 arg1 strain 808:813 the S. aureus strain 794:813 the S. aureus strain 794:813 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 0 76 theme Nasal 63:67 arg1 Colonization 69:80 Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization 41:80 Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization 41:80 Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation Governs Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization. 26126851 0 77 dep Staphylococcus 41:54 arg1 aureus 56:61 aureus 56:61 aureus 56:61 Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation Governs Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization. 26126851 7 78 dep S. 1246:1247 arg1 aureus 1249:1254 aureus 1249:1254 aureus 1249:1254 These results indicate that WTA glycosylation modulates S. aureus nasal colonization and may help to develop new strategies for eradicating S. aureus nasal colonization in the future. 26126851 2 79 theme key 231:233 arg1 glycopolymer 313:324 a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer 277:324 a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer 277:324 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 2 79 theme key 231:233 arg1 factor 235:240 A key factor 229:240 A key factor required for nasal colonization 229:272 A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). 26126851 8 80 theme risk 1459:1462 arg1 factor 1464:1469 a risk factor 1457:1469 a risk factor for severe endogenous infections 1457:1502 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 8 80 theme risk 1459:1462 arg1 IMPORTANCE 1374:1383 IMPORTANCE 1374:1383 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus 1374:1452 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 9 81 theme key 1647:1649 arg1 factor 1651:1656 a key factor 1645:1656 a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization 1645:1698 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 9 81 theme key 1647:1649 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1626:1640 wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation 1601:1640 wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation 1601:1640 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 6 82 theme rat 1171:1173 arg1 nares 1175:1179 cotton rat nares 1164:1179 cotton rat nares 1164:1179 Strikingly, a lack of WTA glycosylation significantly abrogated the ability of MRSA to colonize cotton rat nares in vivo. 26126851 4 83 theme human 655:659 arg1 cells 678:682 human nasal epithelial cells 655:682 human nasal epithelial cells 655:682 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 9 84 theme wall 1601:1604 arg1 acid 1615:1618 wall teichoic acid 1601:1618 wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation 1601:1640 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 9 84 theme wall 1601:1604 arg1 WTA 1621:1623 WTA 1621:1623 WTA 1621:1623 Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. 26126851 4 85 attach attachment 541:550 arg1 cells 678:682 human nasal epithelial cells 655:682 human nasal epithelial cells 655:682 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 4 85 attach attachment 541:550 arg2 MRSA 607:610 MRSA 607:610 MRSA 607:610 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 4 85 attach attachment 541:550 arg2 MRSA 647:650 emerging livestock-associated MRSA 617:650 emerging livestock-associated MRSA 617:650 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 4 85 attach attachment 541:550 arg2 aureus 599:604 S. aureus 596:604 S. aureus (MRSA) 596:611 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 5 86 theme WTA 1049:1051 arg1 glycosylation 1053:1065 appropriate WTA glycosylation 1037:1065 appropriate WTA glycosylation 1037:1065 Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. 26126851 7 87 theme new 1299:1301 arg1 strategies 1303:1312 new strategies 1299:1312 new strategies for eradicating S. aureus nasal colonization in the future 1299:1371 These results indicate that WTA glycosylation modulates S. aureus nasal colonization and may help to develop new strategies for eradicating S. aureus nasal colonization in the future. 26126851 4 88 theme epithelial 667:676 arg1 cells 678:682 human nasal epithelial cells 655:682 human nasal epithelial cells 655:682 Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. 26126851 8 89 theme endogenous 1482:1491 arg1 infections 1493:1502 severe endogenous infections 1475:1502 severe endogenous infections 1475:1502 IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. 26126851 7 90 theme WTA 1218:1220 arg1 glycosylation 1222:1234 WTA glycosylation 1218:1234 WTA glycosylation 1218:1234 These results indicate that WTA glycosylation modulates S. aureus nasal colonization and may help to develop new strategies for eradicating S. aureus nasal colonization in the future. 27155967 0 0 theme Fatty 71:75 arg1 Acid 77:80 Short Chain Fatty Acid 59:80 Short Chain Fatty Acid 59:80 Nitrate and the Origin of Saliva Influence Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms. 27155967 11 1 from high 1417:1420 arg1 microcosms 1429:1438 all microcosms 1425:1438 all microcosms 1425:1438 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition was similarly high in all microcosms, irrespective of treatment or donor, while the concentration of butyrate was lower after nitrate addition in the nitrate-receiving microcosms. 27155967 11 2 theme nitrate-receiving 1553:1569 arg1 microcosms 1571:1580 the nitrate-receiving microcosms 1549:1580 the nitrate-receiving microcosms 1549:1580 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition was similarly high in all microcosms, irrespective of treatment or donor, while the concentration of butyrate was lower after nitrate addition in the nitrate-receiving microcosms. 27155967 0 3 theme Chain 65:69 arg1 Acid 77:80 Short Chain Fatty Acid 59:80 Short Chain Fatty Acid 59:80 Nitrate and the Origin of Saliva Influence Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms. 27155967 4 4 theme nitrate 473:479 arg1 effect 463:468 the effect 459:468 the effect of nitrate on oral ecology 459:495 To investigate the effect of nitrate on oral ecology, we performed a 4-week experiment using the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model. 27155967 8 5 theme microcosms 962:971 arg1 composition 943:953 The bacterial composition 929:953 The bacterial composition of the microcosms 929:971 The bacterial composition of the microcosms was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. 27155967 1 6 theme possible 138:145 arg1 benefactor 154:163 a possible health benefactor 136:163 a possible health benefactor 136:163 Nitrate is emerging as a possible health benefactor. 27155967 11 7 theme butyrate 1504:1511 arg1 lower 1517:1521 lower 1517:1521 lower 1517:1521 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition was similarly high in all microcosms, irrespective of treatment or donor, while the concentration of butyrate was lower after nitrate addition in the nitrate-receiving microcosms. 27155967 11 7 theme butyrate 1504:1511 arg1 concentration 1487:1499 the concentration 1483:1499 the concentration of butyrate 1483:1511 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition was similarly high in all microcosms, irrespective of treatment or donor, while the concentration of butyrate was lower after nitrate addition in the nitrate-receiving microcosms. 27155967 4 8 from effect 463:468 arg1 ecology 489:495 oral ecology 484:495 oral ecology 484:495 To investigate the effect of nitrate on oral ecology, we performed a 4-week experiment using the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model. 27155967 12 9 theme microcosms 1658:1667 arg1 composition 1621:1631 composition 1621:1631 composition 1621:1631 In conclusion, nitrate influences the composition and biochemistry of oral microcosms, although the result is strongly dependent on the inoculum. 27155967 12 9 theme microcosms 1658:1667 arg1 biochemistry 1637:1648 biochemistry 1637:1648 biochemistry 1637:1648 In conclusion, nitrate influences the composition and biochemistry of oral microcosms, although the result is strongly dependent on the inoculum. 27155967 4 10 theme multiplaque 541:551 arg1 model 584:588 the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 537:588 the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 537:588 To investigate the effect of nitrate on oral ecology, we performed a 4-week experiment using the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model. 27155967 0 11 theme Acid 77:80 arg1 Production 82:91 Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production 43:91 Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms 43:110 Nitrate and the Origin of Saliva Influence Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms. 27155967 5 12 theme healthy 647:653 arg1 donors 655:660 two healthy donors 643:660 two healthy donors 643:660 This model was inoculated with stimulated saliva of two healthy donors. 27155967 10 13 theme Neisseria 1206:1214 arg1 abundance 1193:1201 a relatively high abundance 1175:1201 a relatively high abundance of Neisseria 1175:1214 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 2 14 from interest 311:318 arg1 regard 328:333 this regard 323:333 this regard 323:333 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity and the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach are of interest in this regard. 27155967 0 15 theme Oral 96:99 arg1 Microcosms 101:110 Oral Microcosms 96:110 Oral Microcosms 96:110 Nitrate and the Origin of Saliva Influence Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms. 27155967 6 16 theme nitrate 724:730 arg1 supply 714:719 a constant supply 703:719 a constant supply of nitrate 703:730 Half of the microcosms (n = 4) received a constant supply of nitrate, while the other half functioned as control (n = 4). 27155967 2 17 theme subsequent 251:260 arg1 conversion 262:271 the subsequent conversion 247:271 the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach 247:302 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity and the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach are of interest in this regard. 27155967 1 18 theme health 147:152 arg1 benefactor 154:163 a possible health benefactor 136:163 a possible health benefactor 136:163 Nitrate is emerging as a possible health benefactor. 27155967 2 19 from conversion 191:200 arg1 stomach 296:302 the stomach 292:302 the stomach 292:302 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity and the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach are of interest in this regard. 27155967 11 20 from microcosms 1429:1438 arg1 high 1417:1420 high 1417:1420 high 1417:1420 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition was similarly high in all microcosms, irrespective of treatment or donor, while the concentration of butyrate was lower after nitrate addition in the nitrate-receiving microcosms. 27155967 11 20 from microcosms 1429:1438 arg1 concentration 1366:1378 The lactate concentration 1354:1378 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition 1354:1401 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition was similarly high in all microcosms, irrespective of treatment or donor, while the concentration of butyrate was lower after nitrate addition in the nitrate-receiving microcosms. 27155967 10 21 theme nitrate 1152:1158 arg1 related 1164:1170 related 1164:1170 related 1164:1170 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 10 21 theme nitrate 1152:1158 arg1 supplementation 1133:1147 The supplementation 1129:1147 The supplementation of nitrate 1129:1158 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 3 22 theme oral 404:407 arg1 ecosystem 409:417 the oral ecosystem 400:417 the oral ecosystem 400:417 Yet, how nitrate influences the composition and biochemistry of the oral ecosystem is not fully understood. 27155967 11 23 theme nitrate 1529:1535 arg1 addition 1537:1544 nitrate addition 1529:1544 nitrate addition 1529:1544 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition was similarly high in all microcosms, irrespective of treatment or donor, while the concentration of butyrate was lower after nitrate addition in the nitrate-receiving microcosms. 27155967 3 24 dep composition 368:378 arg1 the 364:366 the 364:366 the 364:366 Yet, how nitrate influences the composition and biochemistry of the oral ecosystem is not fully understood. 27155967 9 25 theme strongest 1068:1076 arg1 origin 1016:1021 The origin 1012:1021 The origin of the saliva (i.e., donor) 1012:1049 The origin of the saliva (i.e., donor) showed to be the strongest determinant for the development of the microcosms. 27155967 9 25 theme strongest 1068:1076 arg1 determinant 1078:1088 the strongest determinant 1064:1088 the strongest determinant for the development of the microcosms 1064:1126 The origin of the saliva (i.e., donor) showed to be the strongest determinant for the development of the microcosms. 27155967 2 26 from nitrite 216:222 arg1 cavity 236:241 the oral cavity 227:241 the oral cavity 227:241 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity and the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach are of interest in this regard. 27155967 8 27 theme rDNA 995:998 arg1 sequencing 1000:1009 rDNA sequencing 995:1009 rDNA sequencing 995:1009 The bacterial composition of the microcosms was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. 27155967 12 28 dep composition 1621:1631 arg1 the 1617:1619 the 1617:1619 the 1617:1619 In conclusion, nitrate influences the composition and biochemistry of oral microcosms, although the result is strongly dependent on the inoculum. 27155967 6 29 theme constant 705:712 arg1 supply 714:719 a constant supply 703:719 a constant supply of nitrate 703:730 Half of the microcosms (n = 4) received a constant supply of nitrate, while the other half functioned as control (n = 4). 27155967 10 30 theme high 1188:1191 arg1 abundance 1193:1201 a relatively high abundance 1175:1201 a relatively high abundance of Neisseria 1175:1214 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 10 31 from abundant 1279:1286 arg1 microcosms 1316:1325 the nitrate-supplemented microcosms 1291:1325 the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors 1291:1351 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 10 32 theme nitrate-supplemented 1295:1314 arg1 microcosms 1316:1325 the nitrate-supplemented microcosms 1291:1325 the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors 1291:1351 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 7 33 theme sucrose 837:843 arg1 pulse 845:849 a nitrate and sucrose pulse 823:849 a nitrate and sucrose pulse 823:849 Additionally, all microcosms received a nitrate and sucrose pulse, each week, on separate days to measure nitrate reduction and acid formation. 27155967 7 33 theme sucrose 837:843 arg1 week 857:860 each week 852:860 each week 852:860 Additionally, all microcosms received a nitrate and sucrose pulse, each week, on separate days to measure nitrate reduction and acid formation. 27155967 9 34 dep donor 1044:1048 arg1 i.e. 1038:1041 i.e. 1038:1041 i.e. 1038:1041 The origin of the saliva (i.e., donor) showed to be the strongest determinant for the development of the microcosms. 27155967 4 35 theme biofilm 576:582 arg1 model 584:588 the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 537:588 the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 537:588 To investigate the effect of nitrate on oral ecology, we performed a 4-week experiment using the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model. 27155967 4 36 theme 4-week 513:518 arg1 experiment 520:529 a 4-week experiment 511:529 a 4-week experiment using the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 511:588 To investigate the effect of nitrate on oral ecology, we performed a 4-week experiment using the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model. 27155967 0 37 theme Microcosms 101:110 arg1 Production 82:91 Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production 43:91 Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms 43:110 Nitrate and the Origin of Saliva Influence Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms. 27155967 2 38 theme nitric 276:281 arg1 oxide 283:287 nitric oxide 276:287 nitric oxide 276:287 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity and the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach are of interest in this regard. 27155967 0 39 theme Saliva 26:31 arg1 Nitrate 0:6 Nitrate 0:6 Nitrate 0:6 Nitrate and the Origin of Saliva Influence Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms. 27155967 0 39 theme Saliva 26:31 arg1 Origin 16:21 the Origin 12:21 the Origin of Saliva 12:31 Nitrate and the Origin of Saliva Influence Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms. 27155967 10 40 from microcosms 1316:1325 arg1 abundant 1279:1286 abundant 1279:1286 abundant 1279:1286 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 5 41 theme donors 655:660 arg1 saliva 633:638 stimulated saliva 622:638 stimulated saliva of two healthy donors 622:660 This model was inoculated with stimulated saliva of two healthy donors. 27155967 3 42 theme ecosystem 409:417 arg1 biochemistry 384:395 biochemistry 384:395 biochemistry 384:395 Yet, how nitrate influences the composition and biochemistry of the oral ecosystem is not fully understood. 27155967 3 42 theme ecosystem 409:417 arg1 composition 368:378 composition 368:378 composition 368:378 Yet, how nitrate influences the composition and biochemistry of the oral ecosystem is not fully understood. 27155967 4 43 theme oral 484:487 arg1 ecology 489:495 oral ecology 484:495 oral ecology 484:495 To investigate the effect of nitrate on oral ecology, we performed a 4-week experiment using the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model. 27155967 10 44 theme donors 1346:1351 arg1 one 1335:1337 one 1335:1337 one 1335:1337 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 10 44 theme donors 1346:1351 arg1 donors 1346:1351 the donors 1342:1351 the donors 1342:1351 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 12 45 theme oral 1653:1656 arg1 microcosms 1658:1667 oral microcosms 1653:1667 oral microcosms 1653:1667 In conclusion, nitrate influences the composition and biochemistry of oral microcosms, although the result is strongly dependent on the inoculum. 27155967 0 46 theme Composition 43:53 arg1 Production 82:91 Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production 43:91 Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms 43:110 Nitrate and the Origin of Saliva Influence Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms. 27155967 11 47 theme lactate 1358:1364 arg1 high 1417:1420 high 1417:1420 high 1417:1420 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition was similarly high in all microcosms, irrespective of treatment or donor, while the concentration of butyrate was lower after nitrate addition in the nitrate-receiving microcosms. 27155967 11 47 theme lactate 1358:1364 arg1 concentration 1366:1378 The lactate concentration 1354:1378 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition 1354:1401 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition was similarly high in all microcosms, irrespective of treatment or donor, while the concentration of butyrate was lower after nitrate addition in the nitrate-receiving microcosms. 27155967 10 48 from related 1164:1170 arg1 microcosms 1223:1232 the microcosms 1219:1232 the microcosms of both donors 1219:1247 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 7 49 theme acid 913:916 arg1 formation 918:926 acid formation 913:926 acid formation 913:926 Additionally, all microcosms received a nitrate and sucrose pulse, each week, on separate days to measure nitrate reduction and acid formation. 27155967 5 50 theme stimulated 622:631 arg1 saliva 633:638 stimulated saliva 622:638 stimulated saliva of two healthy donors 622:660 This model was inoculated with stimulated saliva of two healthy donors. 27155967 9 51 theme microcosms 1117:1126 arg1 development 1098:1108 the development 1094:1108 the development of the microcosms 1094:1126 The origin of the saliva (i.e., donor) showed to be the strongest determinant for the development of the microcosms. 27155967 2 52 theme nitrate 205:211 arg1 conversion 262:271 the subsequent conversion 247:271 the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach 247:302 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity and the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach are of interest in this regard. 27155967 2 52 theme nitrate 205:211 arg1 conversion 191:200 Especially the microbial conversion 166:200 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity 166:241 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity and the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach are of interest in this regard. 27155967 7 53 theme nitrate 891:897 arg1 reduction 899:907 nitrate reduction 891:907 nitrate reduction 891:907 Additionally, all microcosms received a nitrate and sucrose pulse, each week, on separate days to measure nitrate reduction and acid formation. 27155967 8 54 theme bacterial 933:941 arg1 composition 943:953 The bacterial composition 929:953 The bacterial composition of the microcosms 929:971 The bacterial composition of the microcosms was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. 27155967 10 55 theme donors 1242:1247 arg1 microcosms 1223:1232 the microcosms 1219:1232 the microcosms of both donors 1219:1247 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 10 56 theme one 1335:1337 arg1 microcosms 1316:1325 the nitrate-supplemented microcosms 1291:1325 the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors 1291:1351 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 9 57 theme saliva 1030:1035 arg1 origin 1016:1021 The origin 1012:1021 The origin of the saliva (i.e., donor) 1012:1049 The origin of the saliva (i.e., donor) showed to be the strongest determinant for the development of the microcosms. 27155967 9 57 theme saliva 1030:1035 arg1 determinant 1078:1088 the strongest determinant 1064:1088 the strongest determinant for the development of the microcosms 1064:1126 The origin of the saliva (i.e., donor) showed to be the strongest determinant for the development of the microcosms. 27155967 7 58 from pulse 845:849 arg1 days 875:878 separate days 866:878 separate days 866:878 Additionally, all microcosms received a nitrate and sucrose pulse, each week, on separate days to measure nitrate reduction and acid formation. 27155967 7 59 theme nitrate 825:831 arg1 pulse 845:849 a nitrate and sucrose pulse 823:849 a nitrate and sucrose pulse 823:849 Additionally, all microcosms received a nitrate and sucrose pulse, each week, on separate days to measure nitrate reduction and acid formation. 27155967 7 59 theme nitrate 825:831 arg1 week 857:860 each week 852:860 each week 852:860 Additionally, all microcosms received a nitrate and sucrose pulse, each week, on separate days to measure nitrate reduction and acid formation. 27155967 4 60 theme mouth 564:568 arg1 model 584:588 the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 537:588 the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 537:588 To investigate the effect of nitrate on oral ecology, we performed a 4-week experiment using the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model. 27155967 2 61 theme microbial 181:189 arg1 conversion 191:200 Especially the microbial conversion 166:200 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity 166:241 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity and the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach are of interest in this regard. 27155967 6 62 theme microcosms 675:684 arg1 Half 663:666 Half 663:666 Half of the microcosms (n = 4) 663:692 Half of the microcosms (n = 4) received a constant supply of nitrate, while the other half functioned as control (n = 4). 27155967 4 63 theme artificial 553:562 arg1 model 584:588 the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 537:588 the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 537:588 To investigate the effect of nitrate on oral ecology, we performed a 4-week experiment using the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model. 27155967 0 64 theme Short 59:63 arg1 Acid 77:80 Short Chain Fatty Acid 59:80 Short Chain Fatty Acid 59:80 Nitrate and the Origin of Saliva Influence Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production of Oral Microcosms. 27155967 6 65 theme other 743:747 arg1 half 749:752 the other half 739:752 the other half 739:752 Half of the microcosms (n = 4) received a constant supply of nitrate, while the other half functioned as control (n = 4). 27155967 2 66 theme oral 231:234 arg1 cavity 236:241 the oral cavity 227:241 the oral cavity 227:241 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity and the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach are of interest in this regard. 27155967 10 67 from microcosms 1223:1232 arg1 related 1164:1170 related 1164:1170 related 1164:1170 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 10 67 from microcosms 1223:1232 arg1 supplementation 1133:1147 The supplementation 1129:1147 The supplementation of nitrate 1129:1158 The supplementation of nitrate was related to a relatively high abundance of Neisseria in the microcosms of both donors, while Veillonella was highly abundant in the nitrate-supplemented microcosms of only one of the donors. 27155967 2 68 from conversion 262:271 arg1 stomach 296:302 the stomach 292:302 the stomach 292:302 Especially the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the oral cavity and the subsequent conversion to nitric oxide in the stomach are of interest in this regard. 27155967 4 69 theme MAM 571:573 arg1 model 584:588 the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 537:588 the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model 537:588 To investigate the effect of nitrate on oral ecology, we performed a 4-week experiment using the multiplaque artificial mouth (MAM) biofilm model. 27155967 7 70 theme separate 866:873 arg1 days 875:878 separate days 866:878 separate days 866:878 Additionally, all microcosms received a nitrate and sucrose pulse, each week, on separate days to measure nitrate reduction and acid formation. 27155967 11 71 theme sucrose 1386:1392 arg1 addition 1394:1401 sucrose addition 1386:1401 sucrose addition 1386:1401 The lactate concentration after sucrose addition was similarly high in all microcosms, irrespective of treatment or donor, while the concentration of butyrate was lower after nitrate addition in the nitrate-receiving microcosms. 28926599 9 0 from ± 1214:1214 arg1 arthritis 1224:1232 arthritis 1224:1232 arthritis 1224:1232 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 7 1 theme critical 922:929 arg1 points 936:941 critical time points 922:941 critical time points (D14, D14, D21 & D41) 922:963 Fecal microbiota was studied by 16S rRNA deep sequencing at critical time points (D14, D14, D21 & D41). 28926599 7 2 theme deep 903:906 arg1 sequencing 908:917 rRNA deep sequencing 898:917 rRNA deep sequencing 898:917 Fecal microbiota was studied by 16S rRNA deep sequencing at critical time points (D14, D14, D21 & D41). 28926599 13 3 from decrease 1627:1634 arg1 group 1686:1690 the "arthritis+colitis" group 1662:1690 the "arthritis+colitis" group 1662:1690 Interestingly a milder decrease of bacterial diversity in the "arthritis+colitis" group was observed. 28926599 12 4 theme colitis 1536:1542 arg1 " 1543:1543 "colitis" 1535:1543 "colitis" 1535:1543 Fecal microbiota composition was different between "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups during colitis development. 28926599 12 5 theme colitis 1583:1589 arg1 development 1591:1601 colitis development 1583:1601 colitis development 1583:1601 Fecal microbiota composition was different between "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups during colitis development. 28926599 4 6 theme colitis 513:519 arg1 impact 503:508 the impact 499:508 the impact of colitis 499:519 Thus, we have evaluated the impact of colitis in the development of arthritis in mice and we have analyzed microbiota changes. 28926599 5 7 theme Collagen-induced 602:617 arg1 CIA 630:632 CIA 630:632 CIA 630:632 Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced at day 0 in DBA1 mice exposed or not to Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis between day 14 and day 21. 28926599 5 7 theme Collagen-induced 602:617 arg1 arthritis 619:627 Collagen-induced arthritis 602:627 Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) 602:633 Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced at day 0 in DBA1 mice exposed or not to Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis between day 14 and day 21. 28926599 11 8 theme composition 1441:1451 arg1 modification 1414:1425 a modification 1412:1425 a modification of microbiota composition 1412:1451 Induction of colitis promoted a modification of microbiota composition and a decrease of α-diversity. 28926599 11 8 theme composition 1441:1451 arg1 decrease 1459:1466 a decrease 1457:1466 a decrease of α-diversity 1457:1481 Induction of colitis promoted a modification of microbiota composition and a decrease of α-diversity. 28926599 14 9 theme gut 1827:1829 arg1 composition 1842:1852 gut microbiome composition 1827:1852 gut microbiome composition 1827:1852 Concomitant experimental colitis protects mice against collagen-induced arthritis and this is associated with changes in gut microbiome composition. 28926599 3 10 theme rheumatologic 378:390 arg1 diseases 392:399 rheumatologic diseases 378:399 rheumatologic diseases 378:399 Microbiota of patients with IBD or rheumatologic diseases, like spondyloarthritis (SpA) is modified compared to healthy individual. 28926599 6 11 theme hindpaw 846:852 arg1 score 839:843 clinical score 830:843 clinical score 830:843 Animals were monitored regularly for arthritis and colitis severity (clinical score, hindpaw edema). 28926599 6 11 theme hindpaw 846:852 arg1 edema 854:858 hindpaw edema 846:858 hindpaw edema 846:858 Animals were monitored regularly for arthritis and colitis severity (clinical score, hindpaw edema). 28926599 12 12 theme arthritis+colitis 1550:1566 arg1 " 1567:1567 "arthritis+colitis" 1549:1567 "arthritis+colitis" 1549:1567 Fecal microbiota composition was different between "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups during colitis development. 28926599 12 13 theme microbiota 1490:1499 arg1 composition 1501:1511 Fecal microbiota composition 1484:1511 Fecal microbiota composition 1484:1511 Fecal microbiota composition was different between "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups during colitis development. 28926599 4 14 theme microbiota 582:591 arg1 changes 593:599 microbiota changes 582:599 microbiota changes 582:599 Thus, we have evaluated the impact of colitis in the development of arthritis in mice and we have analyzed microbiota changes. 28926599 8 15 theme experiment 1056:1065 arg1 end 1049:1051 the end 1045:1051 the end of experiment 1045:1065 At day 41, histological scoring of the intestines and ankles were performed at the end of experiment. 28926599 0 16 from severity 44:51 arg1 mice 86:89 mice 86:89 mice 86:89 Experimental colitis delays and reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. 28926599 7 17 theme rRNA 898:901 arg1 sequencing 908:917 rRNA deep sequencing 898:917 rRNA deep sequencing 898:917 Fecal microbiota was studied by 16S rRNA deep sequencing at critical time points (D14, D14, D21 & D41). 28926599 10 18 theme colitis 1320:1326 arg1 severity 1328:1335 colitis severity 1320:1335 colitis severity 1320:1335 In contrast, colitis severity was not influenced by arthritis development. 28926599 1 19 theme rheumatologic 164:176 arg1 frequent 206:213 frequent 206:213 frequent 206:213 Amongst extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occurring in IBD patients, rheumatologic manifestations are the most frequent. 28926599 1 19 theme rheumatologic 164:176 arg1 manifestations 178:191 rheumatologic manifestations 164:191 rheumatologic manifestations 164:191 Amongst extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occurring in IBD patients, rheumatologic manifestations are the most frequent. 28926599 13 20 theme bacterial 1639:1647 arg1 diversity 1649:1657 bacterial diversity 1639:1657 bacterial diversity 1639:1657 Interestingly a milder decrease of bacterial diversity in the "arthritis+colitis" group was observed. 28926599 9 21 theme ± 1175:1175 arg1 1.62 1177:1180 5.75 ± 1.62 1170:1180 5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) 1170:1269 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 8 22 dep intestines 1005:1014 arg1 the 1001:1003 the 1001:1003 the 1001:1003 At day 41, histological scoring of the intestines and ankles were performed at the end of experiment. 28926599 3 23 theme healthy 455:461 arg1 individual 463:472 healthy individual 455:472 healthy individual 455:472 Microbiota of patients with IBD or rheumatologic diseases, like spondyloarthritis (SpA) is modified compared to healthy individual. 28926599 6 24 theme clinical 830:837 arg1 score 839:843 clinical score 830:843 clinical score 830:843 Animals were monitored regularly for arthritis and colitis severity (clinical score, hindpaw edema). 28926599 6 24 theme clinical 830:837 arg1 edema 854:858 hindpaw edema 846:858 hindpaw edema 846:858 Animals were monitored regularly for arthritis and colitis severity (clinical score, hindpaw edema). 28926599 14 25 theme Concomitant 1706:1716 arg1 colitis 1731:1737 Concomitant experimental colitis 1706:1737 Concomitant experimental colitis 1706:1737 Concomitant experimental colitis protects mice against collagen-induced arthritis and this is associated with changes in gut microbiome composition. 28926599 11 26 theme colitis 1395:1401 arg1 Induction 1382:1390 Induction 1382:1390 Induction of colitis 1382:1401 Induction of colitis promoted a modification of microbiota composition and a decrease of α-diversity. 28926599 2 27 theme patients 333:340 arg1 management 313:322 the management 309:322 the management of these patients 309:340 Understanding the relationships between arthritis and colitis is a prerequisite to improving the management of these patients. 28926599 0 28 theme Experimental 0:11 arg1 colitis 13:19 Experimental colitis 0:19 Experimental colitis 0:19 Experimental colitis delays and reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. 28926599 13 29 theme diversity 1649:1657 arg1 decrease 1627:1634 a milder decrease 1618:1634 a milder decrease of bacterial diversity in the "arthritis+colitis" group 1618:1690 Interestingly a milder decrease of bacterial diversity in the "arthritis+colitis" group was observed. 28926599 9 30 theme arthritis 1106:1114 arg1 delay 1137:1141 2 ± 1 days of delay 1123:1141 2 ± 1 days of delay 1123:1141 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 9 30 theme arthritis 1106:1114 arg1 onset 1116:1120 arthritis onset 1106:1120 arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) 1106:1142 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 9 31 theme days 1129:1132 arg1 delay 1137:1141 2 ± 1 days of delay 1123:1141 2 ± 1 days of delay 1123:1141 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 9 31 theme days 1129:1132 arg1 onset 1116:1120 arthritis onset 1106:1120 arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) 1106:1142 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 13 32 theme arthritis+colitis 1667:1683 arg1 group 1686:1690 the "arthritis+colitis" group 1662:1690 the "arthritis+colitis" group 1662:1690 Interestingly a milder decrease of bacterial diversity in the "arthritis+colitis" group was observed. 28926599 14 33 theme collagen-induced 1761:1776 arg1 arthritis 1778:1786 collagen-induced arthritis 1761:1786 collagen-induced arthritis 1761:1786 Concomitant experimental colitis protects mice against collagen-induced arthritis and this is associated with changes in gut microbiome composition. 28926599 9 34 theme arthritis 1185:1193 arg1 group 1200:1204 arthritis only group 1185:1204 arthritis only group 1185:1204 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 9 35 theme colitis 1081:1087 arg1 Induction 1068:1076 Induction 1068:1076 Induction of colitis 1068:1087 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 1 36 theme extraintestinal 100:114 arg1 EIM 132:134 EIM 132:134 EIM 132:134 Amongst extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occurring in IBD patients, rheumatologic manifestations are the most frequent. 28926599 1 36 theme extraintestinal 100:114 arg1 manifestations 116:129 extraintestinal manifestations 100:129 extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occurring in IBD patients 100:161 Amongst extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occurring in IBD patients, rheumatologic manifestations are the most frequent. 28926599 13 37 theme " 1684:1684 arg1 group 1686:1690 the "arthritis+colitis" group 1662:1690 the "arthritis+colitis" group 1662:1690 Interestingly a milder decrease of bacterial diversity in the "arthritis+colitis" group was observed. 28926599 9 38 theme only 1195:1198 arg1 group 1200:1204 arthritis only group 1185:1204 arthritis only group 1185:1204 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 10 39 theme arthritis 1359:1367 arg1 development 1369:1379 arthritis development 1359:1379 arthritis development 1359:1379 In contrast, colitis severity was not influenced by arthritis development. 28926599 12 40 theme Fecal 1484:1488 arg1 composition 1501:1511 Fecal microbiota composition 1484:1511 Fecal microbiota composition 1484:1511 Fecal microbiota composition was different between "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups during colitis development. 28926599 5 41 theme Dextran 687:693 arg1 DSS 711:713 DSS 711:713 DSS 711:713 Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced at day 0 in DBA1 mice exposed or not to Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis between day 14 and day 21. 28926599 5 41 theme Dextran 687:693 arg1 Sulfate 702:708 Dextran Sodium Sulfate 687:708 Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis between day 14 and day 21 687:758 Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced at day 0 in DBA1 mice exposed or not to Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis between day 14 and day 21. 28926599 7 42 dep points 936:941 arg1 D14 944:946 D14 944:946 D14 944:946 Fecal microbiota was studied by 16S rRNA deep sequencing at critical time points (D14, D14, D21 & D41). 28926599 7 42 dep points 936:941 arg1 D41 960:962 D41 960:962 D41 960:962 Fecal microbiota was studied by 16S rRNA deep sequencing at critical time points (D14, D14, D21 & D41). 28926599 7 42 dep points 936:941 arg1 D14 949:951 D14 949:951 D14 949:951 Fecal microbiota was studied by 16S rRNA deep sequencing at critical time points (D14, D14, D21 & D41). 28926599 9 43 from 1.62 1177:1180 arg1 group 1200:1204 arthritis only group 1185:1204 arthritis only group 1185:1204 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 9 43 from 1.62 1177:1180 arg1 ± 1214:1214 ± 1214:1214 ± 1214:1214 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 9 43 from 1.62 1177:1180 arg1 group 1244:1248 colitis group 1236:1248 colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) 1236:1269 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 5 44 theme Sodium 695:700 arg1 DSS 711:713 DSS 711:713 DSS 711:713 Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced at day 0 in DBA1 mice exposed or not to Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis between day 14 and day 21. 28926599 5 44 theme Sodium 695:700 arg1 Sulfate 702:708 Dextran Sodium Sulfate 687:708 Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis between day 14 and day 21 687:758 Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced at day 0 in DBA1 mice exposed or not to Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis between day 14 and day 21. 28926599 6 45 theme colitis 812:818 arg1 severity 820:827 arthritis and colitis severity 798:827 arthritis and colitis severity (clinical score, hindpaw edema) 798:859 Animals were monitored regularly for arthritis and colitis severity (clinical score, hindpaw edema). 28926599 14 46 theme microbiome 1831:1840 arg1 composition 1842:1852 gut microbiome composition 1827:1852 gut microbiome composition 1827:1852 Concomitant experimental colitis protects mice against collagen-induced arthritis and this is associated with changes in gut microbiome composition. 28926599 9 47 theme 1.48 1216:1219 arg1 ± 1214:1214 ± 1214:1214 ± 1214:1214 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 4 48 from development 528:538 arg1 mice 556:559 mice 556:559 mice 556:559 Thus, we have evaluated the impact of colitis in the development of arthritis in mice and we have analyzed microbiota changes. 28926599 9 49 theme 4.00 1209:1212 arg1 ± 1214:1214 ± 1214:1214 ± 1214:1214 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 5 50 theme DBA1 659:662 arg1 mice 664:667 DBA1 mice 659:667 DBA1 mice exposed or not to Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis between day 14 and day 21 659:758 Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced at day 0 in DBA1 mice exposed or not to Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis between day 14 and day 21. 28926599 0 51 theme collagen-induced 56:71 arg1 arthritis 73:81 collagen-induced arthritis 56:81 collagen-induced arthritis 56:81 Experimental colitis delays and reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. 28926599 9 52 from day 1263:1265 arg1 = 1253:1253 = 1253:1253 = 1253:1253 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 14 53 theme experimental 1718:1729 arg1 colitis 1731:1737 Concomitant experimental colitis 1706:1737 Concomitant experimental colitis 1706:1737 Concomitant experimental colitis protects mice against collagen-induced arthritis and this is associated with changes in gut microbiome composition. 28926599 8 54 theme histological 977:988 arg1 scoring 990:996 histological scoring 977:996 histological scoring of the intestines and ankles 977:1025 At day 41, histological scoring of the intestines and ankles were performed at the end of experiment. 28926599 4 55 theme arthritis 543:551 arg1 development 528:538 the development 524:538 the development of arthritis in mice 524:559 Thus, we have evaluated the impact of colitis in the development of arthritis in mice and we have analyzed microbiota changes. 28926599 12 56 theme " 1567:1567 arg1 groups 1569:1574 "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups 1535:1574 "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups 1535:1574 Fecal microbiota composition was different between "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups during colitis development. 28926599 6 57 theme arthritis 798:806 arg1 severity 820:827 arthritis and colitis severity 798:827 arthritis and colitis severity (clinical score, hindpaw edema) 798:859 Animals were monitored regularly for arthritis and colitis severity (clinical score, hindpaw edema). 28926599 9 58 theme ± 1125:1125 arg1 delay 1137:1141 2 ± 1 days of delay 1123:1141 2 ± 1 days of delay 1123:1141 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 9 58 theme ± 1125:1125 arg1 onset 1116:1120 arthritis onset 1106:1120 arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) 1106:1142 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 13 59 theme milder 1620:1625 arg1 decrease 1627:1634 a milder decrease 1618:1634 a milder decrease of bacterial diversity in the "arthritis+colitis" group 1618:1690 Interestingly a milder decrease of bacterial diversity in the "arthritis+colitis" group was observed. 28926599 6 60 dep severity 820:827 arg1 score 839:843 clinical score 830:843 clinical score 830:843 Animals were monitored regularly for arthritis and colitis severity (clinical score, hindpaw edema). 28926599 6 60 dep severity 820:827 arg1 edema 854:858 hindpaw edema 846:858 hindpaw edema 846:858 Animals were monitored regularly for arthritis and colitis severity (clinical score, hindpaw edema). 28926599 9 61 theme of 1134:1135 arg1 delay 1137:1141 2 ± 1 days of delay 1123:1141 2 ± 1 days of delay 1123:1141 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 9 61 theme of 1134:1135 arg1 onset 1116:1120 arthritis onset 1106:1120 arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) 1106:1142 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 7 62 theme Fecal 862:866 arg1 microbiota 868:877 Fecal microbiota 862:877 Fecal microbiota 862:877 Fecal microbiota was studied by 16S rRNA deep sequencing at critical time points (D14, D14, D21 & D41). 28926599 14 63 from changes 1816:1822 arg1 composition 1842:1852 gut microbiome composition 1827:1852 gut microbiome composition 1827:1852 Concomitant experimental colitis protects mice against collagen-induced arthritis and this is associated with changes in gut microbiome composition. 28926599 8 64 theme intestines 1005:1014 arg1 scoring 990:996 histological scoring 977:996 histological scoring of the intestines and ankles 977:1025 At day 41, histological scoring of the intestines and ankles were performed at the end of experiment. 28926599 9 65 dep group 1244:1248 arg1 = 1253:1253 = 1253:1253 = 1253:1253 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 28926599 7 66 theme time 931:934 arg1 points 936:941 critical time points 922:941 critical time points (D14, D14, D21 & D41) 922:963 Fecal microbiota was studied by 16S rRNA deep sequencing at critical time points (D14, D14, D21 & D41). 28926599 8 67 theme ankles 1020:1025 arg1 scoring 990:996 histological scoring 977:996 histological scoring of the intestines and ankles 977:1025 At day 41, histological scoring of the intestines and ankles were performed at the end of experiment. 28926599 0 68 theme arthritis 73:81 arg1 severity 44:51 the severity 40:51 the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice 40:89 Experimental colitis delays and reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. 28926599 12 69 theme " 1543:1543 arg1 groups 1569:1574 "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups 1535:1574 "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups 1535:1574 Fecal microbiota composition was different between "colitis" and "arthritis+colitis" groups during colitis development. 28926599 3 70 theme patients 357:364 arg1 Microbiota 343:352 Microbiota 343:352 Microbiota 343:352 Microbiota of patients with IBD or rheumatologic diseases, like spondyloarthritis (SpA) is modified compared to healthy individual. 28926599 11 71 theme α-diversity 1471:1481 arg1 modification 1414:1425 a modification 1412:1425 a modification of microbiota composition 1412:1451 Induction of colitis promoted a modification of microbiota composition and a decrease of α-diversity. 28926599 11 71 theme α-diversity 1471:1481 arg1 decrease 1459:1466 a decrease 1457:1466 a decrease of α-diversity 1457:1481 Induction of colitis promoted a modification of microbiota composition and a decrease of α-diversity. 28926599 3 72 with patients 357:364 arg1 IBD 371:373 IBD 371:373 IBD 371:373 Microbiota of patients with IBD or rheumatologic diseases, like spondyloarthritis (SpA) is modified compared to healthy individual. 28926599 3 72 with patients 357:364 arg1 diseases 392:399 rheumatologic diseases 378:399 rheumatologic diseases 378:399 Microbiota of patients with IBD or rheumatologic diseases, like spondyloarthritis (SpA) is modified compared to healthy individual. 28926599 11 73 theme microbiota 1430:1439 arg1 composition 1441:1451 microbiota composition 1430:1451 microbiota composition 1430:1451 Induction of colitis promoted a modification of microbiota composition and a decrease of α-diversity. 28926599 1 74 theme IBD 150:152 arg1 patients 154:161 IBD patients 150:161 IBD patients 150:161 Amongst extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occurring in IBD patients, rheumatologic manifestations are the most frequent. 28926599 9 75 theme colitis 1236:1242 arg1 group 1244:1248 colitis group 1236:1248 colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) 1236:1269 Induction of colitis slightly delayed arthritis onset (2 ± 1 days of delay) and reduced its severity (5.75 ± 1.62 in arthritis only group vs 4.00 ± 1.48 in arthritis + colitis group (p = 0.02 at day 28) macroscopically and histologically. 25713036 2 0 theme psychrophilic 109:121 arg1 SSB001 131:136 SSB001 131:136 SSB001(T) 131:139 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 0 theme psychrophilic 109:121 arg1 species 443:449 the most closely related species 418:449 the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 418:497 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 0 theme psychrophilic 109:121 arg1 strain 123:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 0 theme psychrophilic 109:121 arg1 representative 225:238 a representative 223:238 a representative 223:238 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 3 1 from composition 667:677 arg1 peptidoglycan 739:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 6 2 theme mol 970:972 arg1 content 961:967 The DNA G+C content 949:967 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) 949:994 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 2 theme mol 970:972 arg1 % 973:973 mol% 970:973 mol% 970:973 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 2 3 dep rRNA 471:474 arg1 analyses 490:497 gene sequence analyses 476:497 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 467:497 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 4 theme novel 103:107 arg1 SSB001 131:136 SSB001 131:136 SSB001(T) 131:139 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 4 theme novel 103:107 arg1 species 443:449 the most closely related species 418:449 the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 418:497 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 4 theme novel 103:107 arg1 strain 123:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 4 theme novel 103:107 arg1 representative 225:238 a representative 223:238 a representative 223:238 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 5 theme Paenibacillus 286:298 arg1 genus 280:284 the genus Paenibacillus 276:298 the genus Paenibacillus 276:298 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 6 theme related 435:441 arg1 species 443:449 the most closely related species 418:449 the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 418:497 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 6 theme related 435:441 arg1 strain 123:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 3 7 from quinones 680:687 arg1 peptidoglycan 739:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 2 8 from subclade 264:271 arg1 genus 280:284 the genus Paenibacillus 276:298 the genus Paenibacillus 276:298 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 6 9 theme strain 979:984 arg1 T 993:993 T 993:993 T 993:993 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 9 theme strain 979:984 arg1 SSB001 986:991 strain SSB001 979:991 strain SSB001(T) 979:994 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 3 10 theme further 580:586 arg1 study 588:592 further study 580:592 further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 580:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 3 11 theme acid 727:730 arg1 study 588:592 further study 580:592 further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 580:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 2 12 theme phylogenetic 251:262 arg1 subclade 264:271 a novel phylogenetic subclade 243:271 a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus 243:298 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 3 13 theme phenotypic 618:627 arg1 characterization 629:644 phenotypic characterization 618:644 phenotypic characterization 618:644 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 2 14 theme sequence 481:488 arg1 analyses 490:497 gene sequence analyses 476:497 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 467:497 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 15 from genus 280:284 arg1 representative 225:238 a representative 223:238 a representative 223:238 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 15 from genus 280:284 arg1 strain 123:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 3 16 from characterization 629:644 arg1 peptidoglycan 739:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 4 17 theme tibetensis 861:870 arg1 sp 872:873 Paenibacillus tibetensis sp 847:873 Paenibacillus tibetensis sp 847:873 Based upon these results, we propose the strain as a representative of a novel species named Paenibacillus tibetensis sp. 25713036 3 18 theme characterization 629:644 arg1 study 588:592 further study 580:592 further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 580:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 2 19 theme Paenibacillus 342:354 arg1 % 376:376 96.53% 371:376 96.53% 371:376 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 19 theme Paenibacillus 342:354 arg1 macquariensis 356:368 Paenibacillus macquariensis 342:368 Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) 342:377 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 4 20 theme Paenibacillus 847:859 arg1 sp 872:873 Paenibacillus tibetensis sp 847:873 Paenibacillus tibetensis sp 847:873 Based upon these results, we propose the strain as a representative of a novel species named Paenibacillus tibetensis sp. 25713036 3 21 theme sequences 607:615 arg1 study 588:592 further study 580:592 further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 580:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 1 22 theme alpine 75:80 arg1 soil 95:98 alpine swamp meadow soil 75:98 alpine swamp meadow soil 75:98 nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from alpine swamp meadow soil. 25713036 4 23 theme novel 827:831 arg1 species 833:839 a novel species 825:839 a novel species named Paenibacillus tibetensis sp 825:873 Based upon these results, we propose the strain as a representative of a novel species named Paenibacillus tibetensis sp. 25713036 0 24 theme tibetensis 14:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Paenibacillus tibetensis sp 0:26 Paenibacillus tibetensis sp. 0:27 Paenibacillus tibetensis sp. 25713036 5 25 theme type 936:939 arg1 strain 941:946 the type strain 932:946 the type strain 932:946 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 1 26 theme swamp 82:86 arg1 soil 95:98 alpine swamp meadow soil 75:98 alpine swamp meadow soil 75:98 nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from alpine swamp meadow soil. 25713036 3 27 from lipids 696:701 arg1 peptidoglycan 739:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 0 28 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 25:26 Paenibacillus tibetensis sp 0:26 Paenibacillus tibetensis sp. 0:27 Paenibacillus tibetensis sp. 25713036 3 29 theme fatty 656:660 arg1 composition 667:677 cellular fatty acid composition 647:677 cellular fatty acid composition 647:677 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 5 30 theme  =DSM 913:917 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 5 30 theme  =DSM 913:917 arg1 29321 919:923  =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321 898:923  =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T) 898:926 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 2 31 theme novel 245:249 arg1 subclade 264:271 a novel phylogenetic subclade 243:271 a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus 243:298 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 3 32 theme acid 662:665 arg1 composition 667:677 cellular fatty acid composition 647:677 cellular fatty acid composition 647:677 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 3 33 from acid 727:730 arg1 peptidoglycan 739:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 5 34 theme 19728 905:909 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 5 34 theme 19728 905:909 arg1 29321 919:923  =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321 898:923  =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T) 898:926 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 1 35 theme meadow 88:93 arg1 soil 95:98 alpine swamp meadow soil 75:98 alpine swamp meadow soil 75:98 nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from alpine swamp meadow soil. 25713036 6 36 theme DNA 953:955 arg1 content 961:967 The DNA G+C content 949:967 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) 949:994 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 36 theme DNA 953:955 arg1 % 973:973 mol% 970:973 mol% 970:973 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 36 theme DNA 953:955 arg1 % 1009:1009 40.18 mol% 1000:1009 40.18 mol% (HPLC) 1000:1016 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 37 theme G+C 957:959 arg1 content 961:967 The DNA G+C content 949:967 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) 949:994 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 37 theme G+C 957:959 arg1 % 973:973 mol% 970:973 mol% 970:973 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 37 theme G+C 957:959 arg1 % 1009:1009 40.18 mol% 1000:1009 40.18 mol% (HPLC) 1000:1016 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 2 38 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 species 443:449 the most closely related species 418:449 the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 418:497 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 38 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 SSB001 131:136 SSB001 131:136 SSB001(T) 131:139 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 38 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 representative 225:238 a representative 223:238 a representative 223:238 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 38 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 strain 123:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 38 attach isolated 146:153 arg1 soil 183:186 an alpine swamp meadow soil 160:186 an alpine swamp meadow soil 160:186 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 3 39 from study 588:592 arg1 peptidoglycan 739:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 3 40 theme cellular 647:654 arg1 composition 667:677 cellular fatty acid composition 647:677 cellular fatty acid composition 647:677 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 4 41 theme species 833:839 arg1 strain 795:800 the strain 791:800 the strain 791:800 Based upon these results, we propose the strain as a representative of a novel species named Paenibacillus tibetensis sp. 25713036 4 41 theme species 833:839 arg1 representative 807:820 a representative 805:820 a representative of a novel species named Paenibacillus tibetensis sp 805:873 Based upon these results, we propose the strain as a representative of a novel species named Paenibacillus tibetensis sp. 25713036 3 42 theme quinones 680:687 arg1 study 588:592 further study 580:592 further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 580:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 3 43 from peptidoglycan 739:751 arg1 study 588:592 further study 580:592 further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 580:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 3 44 theme defined 534:540 arg1 species 542:548 defined species 534:548 defined species of the genus Paenibacillus 534:575 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 3 45 theme polar 690:694 arg1 lipids 696:701 polar lipids 690:701 polar lipids 690:701 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 5 46 dep SSB001 887:892 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 5 46 dep SSB001 887:892 arg1 29321 919:923  =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321 898:923  =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T) 898:926 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 5 46 dep SSB001 887:892 arg1 strain 941:946 the type strain 932:946 the type strain 932:946 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 2 47 theme Paenibacillus 383:395 arg1 glacialis 397:405 Paenibacillus glacialis 383:405 Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) 383:413 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 47 theme Paenibacillus 383:395 arg1 % 412:412 96.2% 408:412 96.2% 408:412 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 48 theme gene 476:479 arg1 analyses 490:497 gene sequence analyses 476:497 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 467:497 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 5 49 theme T 911:911 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 5 49 theme T 911:911 arg1 29321 919:923  =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321 898:923  =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T) 898:926 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 5 50 theme  =ACCC 898:903 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 5 50 theme  =ACCC 898:903 arg1 29321 919:923  =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321 898:923  =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T) 898:926 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 5 51 dep nov. 876:879 arg1 with 882:885 with 882:885 with 882:885 nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. 25713036 3 52 theme composition 667:677 arg1 study 588:592 further study 580:592 further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 580:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 2 53 theme rRNA 471:474 arg1 basis 458:462 the basis 454:462 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 454:497 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 54 theme swamp 170:174 arg1 soil 183:186 an alpine swamp meadow soil 160:186 an alpine swamp meadow soil 160:186 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 55 theme meadow 176:181 arg1 soil 183:186 an alpine swamp meadow soil 160:186 an alpine swamp meadow soil 160:186 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 6 56 theme SSB001 986:991 arg1 content 961:967 The DNA G+C content 949:967 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) 949:994 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 56 theme SSB001 986:991 arg1 % 973:973 mol% 970:973 mol% 970:973 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 56 theme SSB001 986:991 arg1 % 1009:1009 40.18 mol% 1000:1009 40.18 mol% (HPLC) 1000:1016 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 2 57 theme 16S 467:469 arg1 rRNA 471:474 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 467:497 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 467:497 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 58 theme alpine 163:168 arg1 soil 183:186 an alpine swamp meadow soil 160:186 an alpine swamp meadow soil 160:186 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 3 59 theme meso-diaminopimelic 707:725 arg1 acid 727:730 meso-diaminopimelic acid 707:730 meso-diaminopimelic acid 707:730 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 6 60 theme mol 1006:1008 arg1 HPLC 1012:1015 HPLC 1012:1015 HPLC 1012:1015 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 60 theme mol 1006:1008 arg1 content 961:967 The DNA G+C content 949:967 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) 949:994 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 6 60 theme mol 1006:1008 arg1 % 1009:1009 40.18 mol% 1000:1009 40.18 mol% (HPLC) 1000:1016 The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC). 25713036 2 61 theme subclade 264:271 arg1 representative 225:238 a representative 223:238 a representative 223:238 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 61 theme subclade 264:271 arg1 strain 123:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain 101:128 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 62 from representative 225:238 arg1 genus 280:284 the genus Paenibacillus 276:298 the genus Paenibacillus 276:298 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 63 from species 443:449 arg1 basis 458:462 the basis 454:462 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 454:497 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 3 64 theme Paenibacillus 563:575 arg1 species 542:548 defined species 534:548 defined species of the genus Paenibacillus 534:575 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 2 65 theme Paenibacillus 307:319 arg1 antarcticus 321:331 Paenibacillus antarcticus 307:331 Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%) 307:339 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 65 theme Paenibacillus 307:319 arg1 % 338:338 96.2% 334:338 96.2% 334:338 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 66 with representative 225:238 arg1 % 338:338 96.2% 334:338 96.2% 334:338 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 66 with representative 225:238 arg1 % 376:376 96.53% 371:376 96.53% 371:376 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 66 with representative 225:238 arg1 % 412:412 96.2% 408:412 96.2% 408:412 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 66 with representative 225:238 arg1 macquariensis 356:368 Paenibacillus macquariensis 342:368 Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) 342:377 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 66 with representative 225:238 arg1 antarcticus 321:331 Paenibacillus antarcticus 307:331 Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%) 307:339 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 2 66 with representative 225:238 arg1 glacialis 397:405 Paenibacillus glacialis 383:405 Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) 383:413 A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. 25713036 3 67 theme rpoB 597:600 arg1 sequences 607:615 rpoB gene sequences 597:615 rpoB gene sequences 597:615 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 1 68 theme psychrophilic 37:49 arg1 bacterium 51:59 a psychrophilic bacterium 35:59 a psychrophilic bacterium 35:59 nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from alpine swamp meadow soil. 25713036 1 68 theme psychrophilic 37:49 arg1 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from alpine swamp meadow soil. 25713036 3 69 theme gene 602:605 arg1 sequences 607:615 rpoB gene sequences 597:615 rpoB gene sequences 597:615 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 3 70 from sequences 607:615 arg1 peptidoglycan 739:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 the peptidoglycan 735:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 25713036 3 71 theme lipids 696:701 arg1 study 588:592 further study 580:592 further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 580:751 The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. 26998866 8 0 theme speed 1159:1163 arg1 difference 1133:1142 an obvious difference 1122:1142 an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres 1122:1211 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 7 1 theme ICR 1043:1045 arg1 mice 1047:1050 ICR mice 1043:1050 ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate 1043:1089 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres are injected into subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate. 26998866 1 2 theme superior 151:158 arg1 handling 169:176 superior clinical handling 151:176 superior clinical handling 151:176 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 1 2 theme superior 151:158 arg1 biocompatibility 189:204 excellent biocompatibility 179:204 excellent biocompatibility 179:204 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 6 3 theme CaCO3 917:921 arg1 content 906:912 higher content 899:912 higher content of CaCO3 899:921 The mixture with higher content of CaCO3 possesses a quicker degradation speed. 26998866 7 4 theme mice 1047:1050 arg1 tissue 1033:1038 subcutaneous tissue 1020:1038 subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate 1020:1089 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres are injected into subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate. 26998866 8 5 theme obvious 1125:1131 arg1 difference 1133:1142 an obvious difference 1122:1142 an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres 1122:1211 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 2 6 theme spherical 337:345 arg1 CaCO3 347:351 spherical CaCO3 337:351 spherical CaCO3 337:351 In this study, spherical CaCO3 are fabricated in the presence of the silk sericin and then transformed into porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres via hydrothermal method. 26998866 8 7 theme mixture 1282:1288 arg1 property 1266:1273 the degradation property 1250:1273 the degradation property of the mixture 1250:1288 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 8 8 theme CaCO3 1325:1329 arg1 proportion 1311:1320 the proportion 1307:1320 the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation 1307:1488 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 3 9 theme CaCO3 533:537 arg1 behavior 512:519 The degradation behavior 496:519 The degradation behavior of obtained CaCO3, HAP and their mixture 496:560 The degradation behavior of obtained CaCO3, HAP and their mixture is first investigated in vitro. 26998866 5 10 theme HAP 877:879 arg1 proportion 853:862 the proportion 849:862 the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP 849:879 The degradation speed of the mixtures depends on the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP. 26998866 4 11 theme Tris-HCl 703:710 arg1 solution 719:726 pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution 695:726 pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution 695:726 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 8 12 theme inflammation 1420:1431 arg1 response 1433:1440 a mild inflammation response 1413:1440 a mild inflammation response 1413:1440 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 9 13 theme tissue 1600:1605 arg1 engineering 1607:1617 bone tissue engineering 1595:1617 bone tissue engineering 1595:1617 The job offers a simple method to modify the degradation properties of biomaterial for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 6 14 theme higher 899:904 arg1 content 906:912 higher content 899:912 higher content of CaCO3 899:921 The mixture with higher content of CaCO3 possesses a quicker degradation speed. 26998866 8 15 theme mild 1415:1418 arg1 response 1433:1440 a mild inflammation response 1413:1440 a mild inflammation response 1413:1440 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 9 16 theme biomaterial 1562:1572 arg1 properties 1548:1557 the degradation properties 1532:1557 the degradation properties of biomaterial for potential use in bone tissue engineering 1532:1617 The job offers a simple method to modify the degradation properties of biomaterial for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 2 17 theme sericin 396:402 arg1 presence 375:382 the presence 371:382 the presence of the silk sericin 371:402 In this study, spherical CaCO3 are fabricated in the presence of the silk sericin and then transformed into porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres via hydrothermal method. 26998866 6 18 theme degradation 943:953 arg1 speed 955:959 a quicker degradation speed 933:959 a quicker degradation speed 933:959 The mixture with higher content of CaCO3 possesses a quicker degradation speed. 26998866 4 19 theme microspheres 646:657 arg1 % 674:674 % 674:674 % 674:674 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 4 19 theme microspheres 646:657 arg1 loss 634:637 the weight loss 623:637 the weight loss of HAP microspheres 623:657 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 8 20 theme degradation 1147:1157 arg1 speed 1159:1163 degradation speed 1147:1163 degradation speed 1147:1163 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 0 21 theme potential 93:101 arg1 application 103:113 potential application 93:113 potential application in bone tissue engineering 93:140 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite microspheres in vitro and in vivo for potential application in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 5 22 theme mixtures 829:836 arg1 speed 816:820 The degradation speed 800:820 The degradation speed of the mixtures 800:836 The degradation speed of the mixtures depends on the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP. 26998866 7 23 theme subcutaneous 1020:1031 arg1 tissue 1033:1038 subcutaneous tissue 1020:1038 subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate 1020:1089 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres are injected into subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate. 26998866 3 24 theme obtained 524:531 arg1 CaCO3 533:537 CaCO3 533:537 CaCO3 533:537 The degradation behavior of obtained CaCO3, HAP and their mixture is first investigated in vitro. 26998866 7 25 with mice 1047:1050 arg1 assistance 1061:1070 the assistance 1057:1070 the assistance of sodium alginate 1057:1089 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres are injected into subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate. 26998866 0 26 theme tissue 123:128 arg1 engineering 130:140 bone tissue engineering 118:140 bone tissue engineering 118:140 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite microspheres in vitro and in vivo for potential application in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 9 27 theme degradation 1536:1546 arg1 properties 1548:1557 the degradation properties 1532:1557 the degradation properties of biomaterial for potential use in bone tissue engineering 1532:1617 The job offers a simple method to modify the degradation properties of biomaterial for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 1 28 dep superior 151:158 arg1 clinical 160:167 clinical 160:167 clinical 160:167 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 7 29 theme obtained 966:973 arg1 microspheres 989:1000 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres 962:1000 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres 962:1000 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres are injected into subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate. 26998866 1 30 theme excellent 179:187 arg1 handling 169:176 superior clinical handling 151:176 superior clinical handling 151:176 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 1 30 theme excellent 179:187 arg1 biocompatibility 189:204 excellent biocompatibility 179:204 excellent biocompatibility 179:204 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 0 31 theme Degradation 0:10 arg1 pattern 12:18 Degradation pattern 0:18 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite 0:53 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite microspheres in vitro and in vivo for potential application in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 3 32 theme mixture 554:560 arg1 behavior 512:519 The degradation behavior 496:519 The degradation behavior of obtained CaCO3, HAP and their mixture 496:560 The degradation behavior of obtained CaCO3, HAP and their mixture is first investigated in vitro. 26998866 0 33 theme hydroxyapatite 40:53 arg1 pattern 12:18 Degradation pattern 0:18 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite 0:53 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite microspheres in vitro and in vivo for potential application in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 4 34 theme HAP 642:644 arg1 microspheres 646:657 HAP microspheres 642:657 HAP microspheres 642:657 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 0 35 theme porous 23:28 arg1 CaCO3 30:34 porous CaCO3 23:34 porous CaCO3 23:34 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite microspheres in vitro and in vivo for potential application in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 9 36 from use 1588:1590 arg1 engineering 1607:1617 bone tissue engineering 1595:1617 bone tissue engineering 1595:1617 The job offers a simple method to modify the degradation properties of biomaterial for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 0 37 theme bone 118:121 arg1 engineering 130:140 bone tissue engineering 118:140 bone tissue engineering 118:140 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite microspheres in vitro and in vivo for potential application in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 9 38 theme potential 1578:1586 arg1 use 1588:1590 potential use 1578:1590 potential use in bone tissue engineering 1578:1617 The job offers a simple method to modify the degradation properties of biomaterial for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 3 39 theme HAP 540:542 arg1 behavior 512:519 The degradation behavior 496:519 The degradation behavior of obtained CaCO3, HAP and their mixture 496:560 The degradation behavior of obtained CaCO3, HAP and their mixture is first investigated in vitro. 26998866 8 40 theme obtained 1177:1184 arg1 CaCO3 1186:1190 the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres 1173:1211 CaCO3 1186:1190 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 5 41 theme CaCO3 867:871 arg1 proportion 853:862 the proportion 849:862 the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP 849:879 The degradation speed of the mixtures depends on the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP. 26998866 8 42 theme early 1462:1466 arg1 stage 1468:1472 early stage 1462:1472 early stage of implantation 1462:1488 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 9 43 theme bone 1595:1598 arg1 engineering 1607:1617 bone tissue engineering 1595:1617 bone tissue engineering 1595:1617 The job offers a simple method to modify the degradation properties of biomaterial for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 4 44 theme buffer 712:717 arg1 solution 719:726 pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution 695:726 pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution 695:726 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 1 45 theme biodegradation 207:220 arg1 property 222:229 biodegradation property 207:229 biodegradation property of calcium phosphate 207:250 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 8 46 theme degradation 1254:1264 arg1 property 1266:1273 the degradation property 1250:1273 the degradation property of the mixture 1250:1288 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 7 47 theme CaCO3 975:979 arg1 microspheres 989:1000 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres 962:1000 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres 962:1000 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres are injected into subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate. 26998866 4 48 theme weight 627:632 arg1 % 674:674 % 674:674 % 674:674 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 4 48 theme weight 627:632 arg1 loss 634:637 the weight loss 623:637 the weight loss of HAP microspheres 623:657 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 5 49 theme degradation 804:814 arg1 speed 816:820 The degradation speed 800:820 The degradation speed of the mixtures 800:836 The degradation speed of the mixtures depends on the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP. 26998866 2 50 theme silk 391:394 arg1 sericin 396:402 the silk sericin 387:402 the silk sericin 387:402 In this study, spherical CaCO3 are fabricated in the presence of the silk sericin and then transformed into porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres via hydrothermal method. 26998866 2 51 theme HAP 453:455 arg1 microspheres 458:469 porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres 430:469 porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres 430:469 In this study, spherical CaCO3 are fabricated in the presence of the silk sericin and then transformed into porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres via hydrothermal method. 26998866 1 52 theme new 302:304 arg1 formation 311:319 new bone formation 302:319 new bone formation 302:319 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 0 53 theme CaCO3 30:34 arg1 pattern 12:18 Degradation pattern 0:18 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite 0:53 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite microspheres in vitro and in vivo for potential application in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 7 54 theme sodium 1075:1080 arg1 alginate 1082:1089 sodium alginate 1075:1089 sodium alginate 1075:1089 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres are injected into subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate. 26998866 8 55 located observed 1445:1452 arg2 response 1433:1440 a mild inflammation response 1413:1440 a mild inflammation response 1413:1440 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 8 55 located observed 1445:1452 arg1 stage 1468:1472 early stage 1462:1472 early stage of implantation 1462:1488 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 8 56 theme implantation 1477:1488 arg1 stage 1468:1472 early stage 1462:1472 early stage of implantation 1462:1488 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 8 57 theme kinds 1377:1381 arg1 cytocompatibility 1348:1364 The good cytocompatibility 1339:1364 The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres 1339:1397 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 1 58 theme bone 306:309 arg1 formation 311:319 new bone formation 302:319 new bone formation 302:319 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 6 59 contain possesses 923:931 arg2 speed 955:959 a quicker degradation speed 933:959 a quicker degradation speed 933:959 The mixture with higher content of CaCO3 possesses a quicker degradation speed. 26998866 6 59 contain possesses 923:931 arg1 mixture 886:892 The mixture 882:892 The mixture with higher content of CaCO3 882:921 The mixture with higher content of CaCO3 possesses a quicker degradation speed. 26998866 4 60 theme spherical 775:783 arg1 CaCO3 785:789 spherical CaCO3 775:789 spherical CaCO3 (97.5%) 775:797 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 4 60 theme spherical 775:783 arg1 % 796:796 97.5% 792:796 97.5% 792:796 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 2 61 theme hydroxyapatite 437:450 arg1 microspheres 458:469 porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres 430:469 porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres 430:469 In this study, spherical CaCO3 are fabricated in the presence of the silk sericin and then transformed into porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres via hydrothermal method. 26998866 1 62 theme formation 311:319 arg1 rate 294:297 the rate 290:297 the rate of new bone formation 290:319 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 7 63 theme HAP 985:987 arg1 microspheres 989:1000 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres 962:1000 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres 962:1000 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres are injected into subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate. 26998866 0 64 from application 103:113 arg1 engineering 130:140 bone tissue engineering 118:140 bone tissue engineering 118:140 Degradation pattern of porous CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite microspheres in vitro and in vivo for potential application in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 8 65 theme HAP 1196:1198 arg1 microspheres 1200:1211 the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres 1173:1211 microspheres 1200:1211 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 8 66 theme good 1343:1346 arg1 cytocompatibility 1348:1364 The good cytocompatibility 1339:1364 The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres 1339:1397 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 8 67 theme HAP 1335:1337 arg1 proportion 1311:1320 the proportion 1307:1320 the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation 1307:1488 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 9 68 theme simple 1508:1513 arg1 method 1515:1520 a simple method 1506:1520 a simple method to modify the degradation properties of biomaterial for potential use in bone tissue engineering 1506:1617 The job offers a simple method to modify the degradation properties of biomaterial for potential use in bone tissue engineering. 26998866 6 69 theme quicker 935:941 arg1 speed 955:959 a quicker degradation speed 933:959 a quicker degradation speed 933:959 The mixture with higher content of CaCO3 possesses a quicker degradation speed. 26998866 4 70 theme pH 695:696 arg1 solution 719:726 pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution 695:726 pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution 695:726 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 1 71 theme calcium 234:240 arg1 phosphate 242:250 calcium phosphate 234:250 calcium phosphate 234:250 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 6 72 with mixture 886:892 arg1 content 906:912 higher content 899:912 higher content of CaCO3 899:921 The mixture with higher content of CaCO3 possesses a quicker degradation speed. 26998866 8 73 theme microspheres 1386:1397 arg1 kinds 1377:1381 the two kinds 1369:1381 the two kinds of microspheres 1369:1397 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 4 74 dep % 674:674 arg1 24.3 670:673 24.3 670:673 24.3 670:673 The result demonstrates that the weight loss of HAP microspheres are almost 24.3% after immersing in pH 7.40 Tris-HCl buffer solution for 12 weeks, which is far slower than that of spherical CaCO3 (97.5%). 26998866 8 75 dep proportion 1311:1320 arg1 observed 1445:1452 observed 1445:1452 is observed only at early stage of implantation 1442:1488 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 8 75 dep proportion 1311:1320 arg1 proved 1402:1407 proved 1402:1407 is proved 1399:1407 The result in vivo also shows an obvious difference of degradation speed between the obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres, implying it is feasible to modulate the degradation property of the mixture through changing the proportion of CaCO3 and HAP The good cytocompatibility of the two kinds of microspheres is proved and a mild inflammation response is observed only at early stage of implantation. 26998866 1 76 theme phosphate 242:250 arg1 property 222:229 biodegradation property 207:229 biodegradation property of calcium phosphate 207:250 Despite superior clinical handling, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation property of calcium phosphate needs to be improved to coincide with the rate of new bone formation. 26998866 3 77 theme degradation 500:510 arg1 behavior 512:519 The degradation behavior 496:519 The degradation behavior of obtained CaCO3, HAP and their mixture 496:560 The degradation behavior of obtained CaCO3, HAP and their mixture is first investigated in vitro. 26998866 2 78 theme hydrothermal 475:486 arg1 method 488:493 hydrothermal method 475:493 hydrothermal method 475:493 In this study, spherical CaCO3 are fabricated in the presence of the silk sericin and then transformed into porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres via hydrothermal method. 26998866 7 79 theme alginate 1082:1089 arg1 assistance 1061:1070 the assistance 1057:1070 the assistance of sodium alginate 1057:1089 The obtained CaCO3 and HAP microspheres are injected into subcutaneous tissue of ICR mice with the assistance of sodium alginate. 26998866 2 80 theme porous 430:435 arg1 microspheres 458:469 porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres 430:469 porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres 430:469 In this study, spherical CaCO3 are fabricated in the presence of the silk sericin and then transformed into porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) microspheres via hydrothermal method. 29197069 5 0 theme PMFs 691:694 arg1 effect 681:686 the preventive effect 666:686 the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice 666:790 In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice. 29197069 2 1 theme major 391:395 arg1 route 397:401 a major route 389:401 a major route of human exposure 389:419 Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. 29197069 2 1 theme major 391:395 arg1 intake 351:356 Dietary intake 343:356 Dietary intake of PAHs 343:364 Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. 29197069 1 2 theme important 304:312 arg1 issue 314:318 an important issue 301:318 an important issue in food contamination 301:340 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 8 3 theme induced 1247:1253 arg1 genes 1266:1270 induced metastasis genes 1247:1270 induced metastasis genes 1247:1270 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 6 4 theme colorectal 852:861 arg1 formation 869:877 BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation 836:877 BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation 836:877 We found that PMFs significantly prevented BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation. 29197069 10 5 theme Wnt/β-catenin 1413:1425 arg1 CRC 1400:1402 BaP/DSS-induced CRC 1384:1402 BaP/DSS-induced CRC 1384:1402 We found BaP/DSS-induced CRC may be a Wnt/β-catenin independent process. 29197069 10 5 theme Wnt/β-catenin 1413:1425 arg1 process 1439:1445 a Wnt/β-catenin independent process 1411:1445 a Wnt/β-catenin independent process 1411:1445 We found BaP/DSS-induced CRC may be a Wnt/β-catenin independent process. 29197069 11 6 theme gut 1523:1525 arg1 microbiota 1527:1536 gut microbiota 1523:1536 gut microbiota 1523:1536 Additionally, consumption of PMFs extracts also altered the composition of gut microbiota and made it similar to that in the control group by increasing butyrate-producing probiotics and decreasing CRC-related bacteria. 29197069 14 7 theme dietary 2107:2113 arg1 PMFs 2115:2118 dietary PMFs 2107:2118 dietary PMFs 2107:2118 These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. 29197069 8 8 theme molecular 1040:1048 arg1 level 1050:1054 the molecular level 1036:1054 the molecular level 1036:1054 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 9 9 theme BaP/DSS-induced 1305:1319 arg1 tumorigenesis 1321:1333 BaP/DSS-induced tumorigenesis 1305:1333 BaP/DSS-induced tumorigenesis 1305:1333 The autophagic defect caused by BaP/DSS-induced tumorigenesis was improved by pretreatment with PMFs. 29197069 2 10 theme PAHs 361:364 arg1 route 397:401 a major route 389:401 a major route of human exposure 389:419 Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. 29197069 2 10 theme PAHs 361:364 arg1 intake 351:356 Dietary intake 343:356 Dietary intake of PAHs 343:364 Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. 29197069 7 11 theme mutagenic 884:892 arg1 metabolite 894:903 BaP mutagenic metabolite 880:903 BaP mutagenic metabolite 880:903 BaP mutagenic metabolite and DNA adducts were found to be reduced in colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups through the modulation of BaP metabolism. 29197069 12 12 theme induced 1751:1757 arg1 formation 1770:1778 induced DNA adduct formation 1751:1778 induced DNA adduct formation 1751:1778 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 13 13 theme multiple 1939:1946 arg1 pathways 1948:1955 multiple pathways 1939:1955 multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect 1939:1997 PMFs were a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect. 29197069 1 14 theme environmental 242:254 arg1 hydrocarbons 207:218 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 187:218 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 187:225 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 1 14 theme environmental 242:254 arg1 pollutants 269:278 widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants 231:278 widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants 231:278 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 12 15 theme adduct 1763:1768 arg1 formation 1770:1778 induced DNA adduct formation 1751:1778 induced DNA adduct formation 1751:1778 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 2 16 theme exposure 412:419 arg1 route 397:401 a major route 389:401 a major route of human exposure 389:419 Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. 29197069 2 16 theme exposure 412:419 arg1 intake 351:356 Dietary intake 343:356 Dietary intake of PAHs 343:364 Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. 29197069 8 17 dep mechanism 1154:1162 arg1 change 1164:1169 change 1164:1169 change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes 1164:1270 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 5 18 theme -induced 746:753 arg1 tumorigenesis 766:778 benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis 699:778 benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice 699:790 In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice. 29197069 14 19 theme chemopreventive 2050:2064 arg1 efficacy 2066:2073 chemopreventive efficacy 2050:2073 chemopreventive efficacy 2050:2073 These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. 29197069 13 20 theme BaP/DSS-induced 1904:1918 arg1 CRC 1920:1922 BaP/DSS-induced CRC 1904:1922 BaP/DSS-induced CRC 1904:1922 PMFs were a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect. 29197069 11 21 theme butyrate-producing 1601:1618 arg1 probiotics 1620:1629 butyrate-producing probiotics 1601:1629 butyrate-producing probiotics 1601:1629 Additionally, consumption of PMFs extracts also altered the composition of gut microbiota and made it similar to that in the control group by increasing butyrate-producing probiotics and decreasing CRC-related bacteria. 29197069 11 22 theme control 1573:1579 arg1 group 1581:1585 the control group 1569:1585 the control group 1569:1585 Additionally, consumption of PMFs extracts also altered the composition of gut microbiota and made it similar to that in the control group by increasing butyrate-producing probiotics and decreasing CRC-related bacteria. 29197069 7 23 theme metabolism 1021:1030 arg1 modulation 1003:1012 the modulation 999:1012 the modulation of BaP metabolism 999:1030 BaP mutagenic metabolite and DNA adducts were found to be reduced in colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups through the modulation of BaP metabolism. 29197069 1 24 theme Polycyclic 187:196 arg1 pollutants 269:278 widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants 231:278 widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants 231:278 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 1 24 theme Polycyclic 187:196 arg1 PAHs 221:224 PAHs 221:224 PAHs 221:224 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 1 24 theme Polycyclic 187:196 arg1 hydrocarbons 207:218 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 187:218 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 187:225 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 11 25 theme CRC-related 1646:1656 arg1 bacteria 1658:1665 CRC-related bacteria 1646:1665 CRC-related bacteria 1646:1665 Additionally, consumption of PMFs extracts also altered the composition of gut microbiota and made it similar to that in the control group by increasing butyrate-producing probiotics and decreasing CRC-related bacteria. 29197069 13 26 theme powerful 1862:1869 arg1 agent 1882:1886 a powerful preventive agent 1860:1886 a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect 1860:1997 PMFs were a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect. 29197069 13 26 theme powerful 1862:1869 arg1 PMFs 1850:1853 PMFs 1850:1853 PMFs 1850:1853 PMFs were a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect. 29197069 9 27 theme autophagic 1277:1286 arg1 defect 1288:1293 The autophagic defect 1273:1293 The autophagic defect caused by BaP/DSS-induced tumorigenesis 1273:1333 The autophagic defect caused by BaP/DSS-induced tumorigenesis was improved by pretreatment with PMFs. 29197069 8 28 theme RNA-sequencing 1072:1085 arg1 results 1061:1067 the results 1057:1067 the results of RNA-sequencing 1057:1085 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 14 29 dep efficacy 2066:2073 arg1 the 2046:2048 the 2046:2048 the 2046:2048 These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. 29197069 5 30 theme ICR 783:785 arg1 mice 787:790 ICR mice 783:790 ICR mice 783:790 In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice. 29197069 12 31 from BaP 1668:1670 arg1 combination 1675:1685 combination 1675:1685 combination with DSS 1675:1694 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 12 32 theme gut 1822:1824 arg1 composition 1837:1847 imbalanced gut microbiota composition 1811:1847 imbalanced gut microbiota composition 1811:1847 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 3 33 theme PAH-induced 461:471 arg1 cancer 484:489 dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer 453:489 dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) 453:495 However, the mechanisms behind dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. 29197069 3 33 theme PAH-induced 461:471 arg1 CRC 492:494 CRC 492:494 CRC 492:494 However, the mechanisms behind dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. 29197069 1 34 theme food 323:326 arg1 contamination 328:340 food contamination 323:340 food contamination 323:340 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 12 35 theme abnormal 1781:1788 arg1 expression 1795:1804 abnormal gene expression 1781:1804 abnormal gene expression 1781:1804 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 7 36 from tissue 957:962 arg1 groups 984:989 the PMFs-treated groups 967:989 the PMFs-treated groups 967:989 BaP mutagenic metabolite and DNA adducts were found to be reduced in colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups through the modulation of BaP metabolism. 29197069 9 37 with pretreatment 1351:1362 arg1 PMFs 1369:1372 PMFs 1369:1372 PMFs 1369:1372 The autophagic defect caused by BaP/DSS-induced tumorigenesis was improved by pretreatment with PMFs. 29197069 8 38 theme abnormal 1135:1142 arg1 mechanism 1154:1162 BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism 1119:1162 BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes 1119:1270 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 4 39 theme carcinogen-induced 600:617 arg1 CRC 619:621 carcinogen-induced CRC 600:621 carcinogen-induced CRC 600:621 Several studies have shown that polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are effective in preventing carcinogen-induced CRC or colitis. 29197069 0 40 theme sulfate-induced 58:72 arg1 carcinogenesis 85:98 benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis 28:98 benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis 28:98 Polymethoxyflavones prevent benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis through modulating xenobiotic metabolism and ameliorate autophagic defect in ICR mice. 29197069 14 41 theme BaP/DSS-induced 2135:2149 arg1 carcinogenesis 2162:2175 BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis 2135:2175 BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis 2135:2175 These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. 29197069 13 42 theme ameliorating 1968:1979 arg1 defect 1992:1997 ameliorating autophagic defect 1968:1997 multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect 1939:1997 PMFs were a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect. 29197069 2 43 theme human 406:410 arg1 exposure 412:419 human exposure 406:419 human exposure 406:419 Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. 29197069 7 44 theme colonic 949:955 arg1 tissue 957:962 colonic tissue 949:962 colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups 949:989 BaP mutagenic metabolite and DNA adducts were found to be reduced in colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups through the modulation of BaP metabolism. 29197069 8 45 theme downregulated 1205:1217 arg1 targets 1234:1240 downregulated anti-oxidation targets 1205:1240 downregulated anti-oxidation targets 1205:1240 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 0 46 from defect 167:172 arg1 mice 181:184 ICR mice 177:184 ICR mice 177:184 Polymethoxyflavones prevent benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis through modulating xenobiotic metabolism and ameliorate autophagic defect in ICR mice. 29197069 11 47 theme microbiota 1527:1536 arg1 composition 1508:1518 the composition 1504:1518 the composition of gut microbiota 1504:1536 Additionally, consumption of PMFs extracts also altered the composition of gut microbiota and made it similar to that in the control group by increasing butyrate-producing probiotics and decreasing CRC-related bacteria. 29197069 6 48 theme tumor 863:867 arg1 formation 869:877 BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation 836:877 BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation 836:877 We found that PMFs significantly prevented BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation. 29197069 2 49 theme Dietary 343:349 arg1 route 397:401 a major route 389:401 a major route of human exposure 389:419 Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. 29197069 2 49 theme Dietary 343:349 arg1 intake 351:356 Dietary intake 343:356 Dietary intake of PAHs 343:364 Dietary intake of PAHs has been recognized as a major route of human exposure. 29197069 6 50 theme BaP/DSS-induced 836:850 arg1 formation 869:877 BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation 836:877 BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation 836:877 We found that PMFs significantly prevented BaP/DSS-induced colorectal tumor formation. 29197069 14 51 theme PMFs 2115:2118 arg1 efficacy 2066:2073 chemopreventive efficacy 2050:2073 chemopreventive efficacy 2050:2073 These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. 29197069 14 51 theme PMFs 2115:2118 arg1 mechanisms 2093:2102 comprehensive mechanisms 2079:2102 comprehensive mechanisms 2079:2102 These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. 29197069 8 52 theme metastasis 1255:1264 arg1 genes 1266:1270 induced metastasis genes 1247:1270 induced metastasis genes 1247:1270 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 5 53 theme preventive 670:679 arg1 effect 681:686 the preventive effect 666:686 the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice 666:790 In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice. 29197069 7 54 theme DNA 909:911 arg1 adducts 913:919 DNA adducts 909:919 DNA adducts 909:919 BaP mutagenic metabolite and DNA adducts were found to be reduced in colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups through the modulation of BaP metabolism. 29197069 12 55 theme DNA 1759:1761 arg1 formation 1770:1778 induced DNA adduct formation 1751:1778 induced DNA adduct formation 1751:1778 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 1 56 from issue 314:318 arg1 contamination 328:340 food contamination 323:340 food contamination 323:340 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 1 57 theme widespread 231:240 arg1 hydrocarbons 207:218 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 187:218 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 187:225 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 1 57 theme widespread 231:240 arg1 pollutants 269:278 widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants 231:278 widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants 231:278 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 11 58 theme PMFs 1477:1480 arg1 extracts 1482:1489 PMFs extracts 1477:1489 PMFs extracts 1477:1489 Additionally, consumption of PMFs extracts also altered the composition of gut microbiota and made it similar to that in the control group by increasing butyrate-producing probiotics and decreasing CRC-related bacteria. 29197069 7 59 theme BaP 880:882 arg1 metabolite 894:903 BaP mutagenic metabolite 880:903 BaP mutagenic metabolite 880:903 BaP mutagenic metabolite and DNA adducts were found to be reduced in colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups through the modulation of BaP metabolism. 29197069 1 60 theme carcinogenic 256:267 arg1 hydrocarbons 207:218 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 187:218 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 187:225 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 1 60 theme carcinogenic 256:267 arg1 pollutants 269:278 widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants 231:278 widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants 231:278 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 12 61 theme colorectal 1718:1727 arg1 tumorigenesis 1729:1741 colorectal tumorigenesis 1718:1741 colorectal tumorigenesis 1718:1741 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 12 62 with combination 1675:1685 arg1 DSS 1692:1694 DSS 1692:1694 DSS 1692:1694 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 5 63 from tumorigenesis 766:778 arg1 mice 787:790 ICR mice 783:790 ICR mice 783:790 In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice. 29197069 14 64 theme first 2035:2039 arg1 time 2041:2044 the first time 2031:2044 the first time 2031:2044 These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. 29197069 14 65 theme comprehensive 2079:2091 arg1 mechanisms 2093:2102 comprehensive mechanisms 2079:2102 comprehensive mechanisms 2079:2102 These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. 29197069 0 66 theme xenobiotic 119:128 arg1 metabolism 130:139 xenobiotic metabolism 119:139 xenobiotic metabolism 119:139 Polymethoxyflavones prevent benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis through modulating xenobiotic metabolism and ameliorate autophagic defect in ICR mice. 29197069 1 67 theme aromatic 198:205 arg1 pollutants 269:278 widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants 231:278 widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants 231:278 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 1 67 theme aromatic 198:205 arg1 PAHs 221:224 PAHs 221:224 PAHs 221:224 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 1 67 theme aromatic 198:205 arg1 hydrocarbons 207:218 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 187:218 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 187:225 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental carcinogenic pollutants and they have become an important issue in food contamination. 29197069 12 68 theme microbiota 1826:1835 arg1 composition 1837:1847 imbalanced gut microbiota composition 1811:1847 imbalanced gut microbiota composition 1811:1847 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 5 69 theme colorectal 755:764 arg1 tumorigenesis 766:778 benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis 699:778 benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice 699:790 In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice. 29197069 7 70 theme BaP 1017:1019 arg1 metabolism 1021:1030 BaP metabolism 1017:1030 BaP metabolism 1017:1030 BaP mutagenic metabolite and DNA adducts were found to be reduced in colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups through the modulation of BaP metabolism. 29197069 4 71 theme Several 513:519 arg1 studies 521:527 Several studies 513:527 Several studies 513:527 Several studies have shown that polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are effective in preventing carcinogen-induced CRC or colitis. 29197069 13 72 theme preventive 1871:1880 arg1 agent 1882:1886 a powerful preventive agent 1860:1886 a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect 1860:1997 PMFs were a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect. 29197069 13 72 theme preventive 1871:1880 arg1 PMFs 1850:1853 PMFs 1850:1853 PMFs 1850:1853 PMFs were a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect. 29197069 0 73 theme autophagic 156:165 arg1 defect 167:172 autophagic defect 156:172 autophagic defect in ICR mice 156:184 Polymethoxyflavones prevent benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis through modulating xenobiotic metabolism and ameliorate autophagic defect in ICR mice. 29197069 10 74 theme BaP/DSS-induced 1384:1398 arg1 CRC 1400:1402 BaP/DSS-induced CRC 1384:1402 BaP/DSS-induced CRC 1384:1402 We found BaP/DSS-induced CRC may be a Wnt/β-catenin independent process. 29197069 10 74 theme BaP/DSS-induced 1384:1398 arg1 process 1439:1445 a Wnt/β-catenin independent process 1411:1445 a Wnt/β-catenin independent process 1411:1445 We found BaP/DSS-induced CRC may be a Wnt/β-catenin independent process. 29197069 8 75 theme BaP/DSS-induced 1119:1133 arg1 mechanism 1154:1162 BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism 1119:1162 BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes 1119:1270 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 12 76 theme imbalanced 1811:1820 arg1 composition 1837:1847 imbalanced gut microbiota composition 1811:1847 imbalanced gut microbiota composition 1811:1847 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 10 77 theme independent 1427:1437 arg1 CRC 1400:1402 BaP/DSS-induced CRC 1384:1402 BaP/DSS-induced CRC 1384:1402 We found BaP/DSS-induced CRC may be a Wnt/β-catenin independent process. 29197069 10 77 theme independent 1427:1437 arg1 process 1439:1445 a Wnt/β-catenin independent process 1411:1445 a Wnt/β-catenin independent process 1411:1445 We found BaP/DSS-induced CRC may be a Wnt/β-catenin independent process. 29197069 3 78 theme colorectal 473:482 arg1 cancer 484:489 dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer 453:489 dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) 453:495 However, the mechanisms behind dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. 29197069 3 78 theme colorectal 473:482 arg1 CRC 492:494 CRC 492:494 CRC 492:494 However, the mechanisms behind dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. 29197069 5 79 from effect 681:686 arg1 tumorigenesis 766:778 benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis 699:778 benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice 699:790 In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of PMFs on benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sulfate sodium (BaP/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in ICR mice. 29197069 8 80 theme molecular 1144:1152 arg1 mechanism 1154:1162 BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism 1119:1162 BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes 1119:1270 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 7 81 theme PMFs-treated 971:982 arg1 groups 984:989 the PMFs-treated groups 967:989 the PMFs-treated groups 967:989 BaP mutagenic metabolite and DNA adducts were found to be reduced in colonic tissue in the PMFs-treated groups through the modulation of BaP metabolism. 29197069 12 82 theme gene 1790:1793 arg1 expression 1795:1804 abnormal gene expression 1781:1804 abnormal gene expression 1781:1804 BaP in combination with DSS significantly induced colorectal tumorigenesis through induced DNA adduct formation, abnormal gene expression, and imbalanced gut microbiota composition. 29197069 3 83 theme dietary 453:459 arg1 cancer 484:489 dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer 453:489 dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) 453:495 However, the mechanisms behind dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. 29197069 3 83 theme dietary 453:459 arg1 CRC 492:494 CRC 492:494 CRC 492:494 However, the mechanisms behind dietary PAH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. 29197069 11 84 theme extracts 1482:1489 arg1 consumption 1462:1472 consumption 1462:1472 consumption of PMFs extracts 1462:1489 Additionally, consumption of PMFs extracts also altered the composition of gut microbiota and made it similar to that in the control group by increasing butyrate-producing probiotics and decreasing CRC-related bacteria. 29197069 0 85 theme colorectal 74:83 arg1 carcinogenesis 85:98 benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis 28:98 benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis 28:98 Polymethoxyflavones prevent benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis through modulating xenobiotic metabolism and ameliorate autophagic defect in ICR mice. 29197069 8 86 theme activated 1181:1189 arg1 inflammation 1191:1202 activated inflammation 1181:1202 activated inflammation 1181:1202 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 0 87 theme ICR 177:179 arg1 mice 181:184 ICR mice 177:184 ICR mice 177:184 Polymethoxyflavones prevent benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis through modulating xenobiotic metabolism and ameliorate autophagic defect in ICR mice. 29197069 14 88 theme colorectal 2151:2160 arg1 carcinogenesis 2162:2175 BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis 2135:2175 BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis 2135:2175 These results demonstrated for the first time the chemopreventive efficacy and comprehensive mechanisms of dietary PMFs for preventing BaP/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. 29197069 8 89 theme anti-oxidation 1219:1232 arg1 targets 1234:1240 downregulated anti-oxidation targets 1205:1240 downregulated anti-oxidation targets 1205:1240 At the molecular level, the results of RNA-sequencing indicated that PMFs ameliorated BaP/DSS-induced abnormal molecular mechanism change including activated inflammation, downregulated anti-oxidation targets, and induced metastasis genes. 29197069 13 90 theme autophagic 1981:1990 arg1 defect 1992:1997 ameliorating autophagic defect 1968:1997 multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect 1939:1997 PMFs were a powerful preventive agent that suppressed BaP/DSS-induced CRC via modulating multiple pathways as well as ameliorating autophagic defect. 24860113 3 0 theme Phylogenetic 285:296 arg1 analysis 298:305 Phylogenetic analysis 285:305 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 285:338 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 2 1 theme novel 86:90 arg1 bacterium 166:174 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium 84:174 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) 84:203 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 5 2 theme G+C 698:700 arg1 % 742:742 68.1 mol% 734:742 68.1 mol% 734:742 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 5 2 theme G+C 698:700 arg1 content 702:708 The genomic DNA G+C content 682:708 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain 682:728 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 10 3 theme phylogenetic 1219:1230 arg1 analysis 1232:1239 the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis 1200:1239 the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis 1200:1239 Based on the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HWE2-01(T) differed in some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24860113 6 4 theme diagnostic 874:883 arg1 lipids 891:896 diagnostic polar lipids 874:896 diagnostic polar lipids 874:896 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 9 5 theme acetyl 1163:1168 arg1 type 1170:1173 the acetyl type 1159:1173 the acetyl type 1159:1173 The murein was of the acetyl type. 24860113 11 6 theme family 1430:1435 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1437:1453 the family Microbacteriaceae 1426:1453 the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp 1426:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 10 7 theme family 1312:1317 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1319:1335 the family Microbacteriaceae 1308:1335 the family Microbacteriaceae 1308:1335 Based on the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HWE2-01(T) differed in some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24860113 6 8 theme fatty 770:774 arg1 acid 776:779 The predominant cellular fatty acid 745:779 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) 745:800 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 6 8 theme fatty 770:774 arg1 anteiso-C15  806:817 anteiso-C15  806:817 anteiso-C15  806:817 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 6 9 theme strain 784:789 arg1 T 799:799 T 799:799 T 799:799 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 6 9 theme strain 784:789 arg1 HWE2-01 791:797 strain HWE2-01 784:797 strain HWE2-01(T) 784:800 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 3 10 theme gene 325:328 arg1 sequences 330:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 10 11 from members 1297:1303 arg1 respects 1277:1284 some respects 1272:1284 some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae 1272:1335 Based on the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HWE2-01(T) differed in some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24860113 8 12 theme strain 1085:1090 arg1 T 1100:1100 T 1100:1100 T 1100:1100 The cell-wall sugars of strain HWE2-01(T) were galactose, mannose and rhamnose. 24860113 8 12 theme strain 1085:1090 arg1 HWE2-01 1092:1098 strain HWE2-01 1085:1098 strain HWE2-01(T) 1085:1101 The cell-wall sugars of strain HWE2-01(T) were galactose, mannose and rhamnose. 24860113 11 13 from Microbacteriaceae 1437:1453 arg1 species 1400:1406 a novel species 1392:1406 a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp 1392:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 6 14 theme major 823:827 arg1 menaquinones 829:840 major menaquinones 823:840 major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11 823:867 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 2 15 theme horseweed 254:262 arg1 root 246:249 the surface-sterilized root 223:249 the surface-sterilized root of horseweed 223:262 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 6 16 theme polar 885:889 arg1 lipids 891:896 diagnostic polar lipids 874:896 diagnostic polar lipids 874:896 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 3 17 theme 16S 316:318 arg1 sequences 330:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 7 18 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 1000:1017 arg1 acid 1019:1022 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1000:1022 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1000:1022 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 24860113 11 19 from genus 1417:1421 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1437:1453 the family Microbacteriaceae 1426:1453 the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp 1426:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 3 20 theme genus 484:488 arg1 Salinibacterium 490:504 the genus Salinibacterium 480:504 the genus Salinibacterium 480:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 21 theme family 387:392 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 394:410 the family Microbacteriaceae 383:410 the family Microbacteriaceae 383:410 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 22 theme rRNA 320:323 arg1 sequences 330:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 11 23 from species 1400:1406 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1437:1453 the family Microbacteriaceae 1426:1453 the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp 1426:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 10 24 theme Microbacteriaceae 1319:1335 arg1 members 1297:1303 other members 1291:1303 other members of the family Microbacteriaceae 1291:1335 Based on the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HWE2-01(T) differed in some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24860113 3 25 theme Salinibacterium 490:504 arg1 species 469:475 species 469:475 species of the genus Salinibacterium 469:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 2 26 dep isolated 209:216 arg1 Conyza 265:270 Conyza 265:270 Conyza 265:270 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 0 27 theme lurida 11:16 arg1 nov. 23:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 0:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 0:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 6 28 theme HWE2-01 791:797 arg1 acid 776:779 The predominant cellular fatty acid 745:779 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) 745:800 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 6 28 theme HWE2-01 791:797 arg1 anteiso-C15  806:817 anteiso-C15  806:817 anteiso-C15  806:817 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 7 29 theme strain 983:988 arg1 peptidoglycan 956:968 The peptidoglycan 952:968 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain 952:988 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 24860113 3 30 with % 516:516 arg1 species 469:475 species 469:475 species of the genus Salinibacterium 469:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 30 with % 516:516 arg1 aerilata 585:592 Homoserinimonas aerilata 569:592 Homoserinimonas aerilata 569:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 30 with % 516:516 arg1 species 523:529 species 523:529 species of the genus Leifsonia 523:552 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 0 31 theme Conyzicola 0:9 arg1 nov. 23:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 0:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 0:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 3 32 with % 462:462 arg1 species 469:475 species 469:475 species of the genus Salinibacterium 469:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 32 with % 462:462 arg1 aerilata 585:592 Homoserinimonas aerilata 569:592 Homoserinimonas aerilata 569:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 32 with % 462:462 arg1 species 523:529 species 523:529 species of the genus Leifsonia 523:552 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 11 33 theme novel 1394:1398 arg1 species 1400:1406 a novel species 1392:1406 a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp 1392:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 11 34 theme name 1464:1467 arg1 sp 1498:1499 sp 1498:1499 sp 1498:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 11 34 theme name 1464:1467 arg1 nov. 1492:1495 the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 1460:1495 the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 1460:1495 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 5 35 theme mol 739:741 arg1 content 702:708 The genomic DNA G+C content 682:708 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain 682:728 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 5 35 theme mol 739:741 arg1 % 742:742 68.1 mol% 734:742 68.1 mol% 734:742 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 10 36 theme other 1291:1295 arg1 members 1297:1303 other members 1291:1303 other members of the family Microbacteriaceae 1291:1335 Based on the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HWE2-01(T) differed in some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24860113 1 37 theme Conyza 65:70 arg1 canadensis 72:81 Conyza canadensis 65:81 Conyza canadensis 65:81 nov., isolated from the root of Conyza canadensis. 24860113 3 38 theme sequence 423:430 arg1 similarity 432:441 sequence similarity 423:441 sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata 423:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 0 39 theme gen. 18:21 arg1 nov. 23:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 0:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 0:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 7 40 theme novel 977:981 arg1 strain 983:988 the novel strain 973:988 the novel strain 973:988 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 24860113 2 41 theme rod-shaped 155:164 arg1 bacterium 166:174 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium 84:174 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) 84:203 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 1 42 theme canadensis 72:81 arg1 root 57:60 the root 53:60 the root of Conyza canadensis 53:81 nov., isolated from the root of Conyza canadensis. 24860113 3 43 theme similarity 432:441 arg1 levels 443:448 sequence similarity levels 423:448 sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata 423:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 44 theme % 462:462 arg1 levels 443:448 sequence similarity levels 423:448 sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata 423:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 45 theme Leifsonia 544:552 arg1 species 523:529 species 523:529 species of the genus Leifsonia 523:552 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 4 46 theme highest 599:605 arg1 similarity 616:625 The highest sequence similarity 595:625 The highest sequence similarity (97.7%) 595:633 The highest sequence similarity (97.7%) was with Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T). 24860113 4 46 theme highest 599:605 arg1 % 632:632 97.7% 628:632 97.7% 628:632 The highest sequence similarity (97.7%) was with Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T). 24860113 11 47 theme strain 1349:1354 arg1 T 1364:1364 T 1364:1364 T 1364:1364 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 11 47 theme strain 1349:1354 arg1 HWE2-01 1356:1362 strain HWE2-01 1349:1362 strain HWE2-01(T) 1349:1365 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 11 48 theme Conyzicola 1469:1478 arg1 sp 1498:1499 sp 1498:1499 sp 1498:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 11 48 theme Conyzicola 1469:1478 arg1 nov. 1492:1495 the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 1460:1495 the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 1460:1495 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 8 49 theme HWE2-01 1092:1098 arg1 galactose 1108:1116 galactose 1108:1116 galactose 1108:1116 The cell-wall sugars of strain HWE2-01(T) were galactose, mannose and rhamnose. 24860113 8 49 theme HWE2-01 1092:1098 arg1 sugars 1075:1080 The cell-wall sugars 1061:1080 The cell-wall sugars of strain HWE2-01(T) 1061:1101 The cell-wall sugars of strain HWE2-01(T) were galactose, mannose and rhamnose. 24860113 5 50 theme novel 717:721 arg1 strain 723:728 the novel strain 713:728 the novel strain 713:728 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 8 51 theme cell-wall 1065:1073 arg1 galactose 1108:1116 galactose 1108:1116 galactose 1108:1116 The cell-wall sugars of strain HWE2-01(T) were galactose, mannose and rhamnose. 24860113 8 51 theme cell-wall 1065:1073 arg1 sugars 1075:1080 The cell-wall sugars 1061:1080 The cell-wall sugars of strain HWE2-01(T) 1061:1101 The cell-wall sugars of strain HWE2-01(T) were galactose, mannose and rhamnose. 24860113 5 52 theme DNA 694:696 arg1 % 742:742 68.1 mol% 734:742 68.1 mol% 734:742 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 5 52 theme DNA 694:696 arg1 content 702:708 The genomic DNA G+C content 682:708 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain 682:728 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 0 53 dep sp 29:30 arg1 nov. 23:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 0:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 0:26 Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 10 54 theme phenotypic 1204:1213 arg1 analysis 1232:1239 the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis 1200:1239 the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis 1200:1239 Based on the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HWE2-01(T) differed in some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24860113 4 55 theme xinjiangense 660:671 arg1 T 678:678 T 678:678 T 678:678 The highest sequence similarity (97.7%) was with Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T). 24860113 4 55 theme xinjiangense 660:671 arg1 0543 673:676 Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543 644:676 Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T) 644:679 The highest sequence similarity (97.7%) was with Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T). 24860113 5 56 theme strain 723:728 arg1 % 742:742 68.1 mol% 734:742 68.1 mol% 734:742 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 5 56 theme strain 723:728 arg1 content 702:708 The genomic DNA G+C content 682:708 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain 682:728 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 2 57 dep Gram-stain-positive 92:110 arg1 irregular 145:153 irregular 145:153 irregular 145:153 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 2 57 dep Gram-stain-positive 92:110 arg1 non-spore-forming 113:129 non-spore-forming 113:129 non-spore-forming 113:129 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 2 57 dep Gram-stain-positive 92:110 arg1 yellow 137:142 yellow 137:142 yellow 137:142 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 11 58 theme lurida 1480:1485 arg1 sp 1498:1499 sp 1498:1499 sp 1498:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 11 58 theme lurida 1480:1485 arg1 nov. 1492:1495 the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 1460:1495 the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 1460:1495 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 6 59 theme cellular 761:768 arg1 acid 776:779 The predominant cellular fatty acid 745:779 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) 745:800 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 6 59 theme cellular 761:768 arg1 anteiso-C15  806:817 anteiso-C15  806:817 anteiso-C15  806:817 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 3 60 theme genus 538:542 arg1 Leifsonia 544:552 the genus Leifsonia 534:552 the genus Leifsonia 534:552 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 11 61 theme new 1413:1415 arg1 genus 1417:1421 a new genus 1411:1421 a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp 1411:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 2 62 dep Conyza 265:270 arg1 canadensis 272:281 canadensis 272:281 Conyza canadensis 265:281 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 7 63 contain contained 990:998 arg2 glycine 1034:1040 glycine 1034:1040 glycine 1034:1040 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 24860113 7 63 contain contained 990:998 arg2 alanine 1025:1031 alanine 1025:1031 alanine 1025:1031 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 24860113 7 63 contain contained 990:998 arg2 acid 1019:1022 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1000:1022 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1000:1022 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 24860113 7 63 contain contained 990:998 arg1 peptidoglycan 956:968 The peptidoglycan 952:968 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain 952:988 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 24860113 7 63 contain contained 990:998 arg2 acid 1055:1058 glutamic acid 1046:1058 glutamic acid 1046:1058 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 24860113 7 64 theme glutamic 1046:1053 arg1 acid 1055:1058 glutamic acid 1046:1058 glutamic acid 1046:1058 The peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 24860113 2 65 theme strain 187:192 arg1 T 202:202 T 202:202 T 202:202 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 2 65 theme strain 187:192 arg1 HWE2-01 194:200 strain HWE2-01 187:200 strain HWE2-01(T) 187:203 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 2 66 theme surface-sterilized 227:244 arg1 root 246:249 the surface-sterilized root 223:249 the surface-sterilized root of horseweed 223:262 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 11 67 theme genus 1417:1421 arg1 species 1400:1406 a novel species 1392:1406 a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp 1392:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 6 68 theme predominant 749:759 arg1 acid 776:779 The predominant cellular fatty acid 745:779 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) 745:800 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 6 68 theme predominant 749:759 arg1 anteiso-C15  806:817 anteiso-C15  806:817 anteiso-C15  806:817 The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24860113 3 69 theme % 516:516 arg1 levels 443:448 sequence similarity levels 423:448 sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata 423:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 70 theme Homoserinimonas 569:583 arg1 aerilata 585:592 Homoserinimonas aerilata 569:592 Homoserinimonas aerilata 569:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 10 71 theme strain 1242:1247 arg1 T 1257:1257 T 1257:1257 T 1257:1257 Based on the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HWE2-01(T) differed in some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24860113 10 71 theme strain 1242:1247 arg1 HWE2-01 1249:1255 strain HWE2-01 1242:1255 strain HWE2-01(T) 1242:1258 Based on the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HWE2-01(T) differed in some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24860113 11 72 theme gen. 1487:1490 arg1 sp 1498:1499 sp 1498:1499 sp 1498:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 11 72 theme gen. 1487:1490 arg1 nov. 1492:1495 the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 1460:1495 the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 1460:1495 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 11 73 with Microbacteriaceae 1437:1453 arg1 sp 1498:1499 sp 1498:1499 sp 1498:1499 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 11 73 with Microbacteriaceae 1437:1453 arg1 nov. 1492:1495 the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 1460:1495 the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov. 1460:1495 Therefore, strain HWE2-01(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. 24860113 5 74 theme genomic 686:692 arg1 % 742:742 68.1 mol% 734:742 68.1 mol% 734:742 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 5 74 theme genomic 686:692 arg1 content 702:708 The genomic DNA G+C content 682:708 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain 682:728 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. 24860113 4 75 theme sequence 607:614 arg1 similarity 616:625 The highest sequence similarity 595:625 The highest sequence similarity (97.7%) 595:633 The highest sequence similarity (97.7%) was with Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T). 24860113 4 75 theme sequence 607:614 arg1 % 632:632 97.7% 628:632 97.7% 628:632 The highest sequence similarity (97.7%) was with Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T). 24860113 2 76 attach isolated 209:216 arg1 root 246:249 the surface-sterilized root 223:249 the surface-sterilized root of horseweed 223:262 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 2 76 attach isolated 209:216 arg2 bacterium 166:174 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium 84:174 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) 84:203 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 3 77 with % 562:562 arg1 species 469:475 species 469:475 species of the genus Salinibacterium 469:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 77 with % 562:562 arg1 aerilata 585:592 Homoserinimonas aerilata 569:592 Homoserinimonas aerilata 569:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 77 with % 562:562 arg1 species 523:529 species 523:529 species of the genus Leifsonia 523:552 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 2 78 theme Gram-stain-positive 92:110 arg1 bacterium 166:174 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium 84:174 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) 84:203 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). 24860113 3 79 theme % 562:562 arg1 levels 443:448 sequence similarity levels 423:448 sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata 423:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 10 80 theme analysis 1232:1239 arg1 results 1189:1195 the results 1185:1195 the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis 1185:1239 Based on the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HWE2-01(T) differed in some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24860113 3 81 theme strain 354:359 arg1 T 369:369 T 369:369 T 369:369 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 3 81 theme strain 354:359 arg1 HWE2-01 361:367 strain HWE2-01 354:367 strain HWE2-01(T) 354:370 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01(T) belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1-97.7% with species of the genus Salinibacterium, 95.9-97.6% with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1% with Homoserinimonas aerilata. 24860113 4 82 theme Salinibacterium 644:658 arg1 T 678:678 T 678:678 T 678:678 The highest sequence similarity (97.7%) was with Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T). 24860113 4 82 theme Salinibacterium 644:658 arg1 0543 673:676 Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543 644:676 Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T) 644:679 The highest sequence similarity (97.7%) was with Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T). 24510975 3 0 theme Phylogenetic 302:313 arg1 analysis 315:322 Phylogenetic analysis 302:322 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 302:355 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 2 1 theme anaerobic 92:100 arg1 bacterium 170:178 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium 76:178 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite 76:237 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 6 2 theme strain 1089:1094 arg1 Q2029717T 1102:1110 separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T 1080:1110 separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T 1080:1110 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 3 3 theme 96 481:482 arg1 % 476:476 % 476:476 % 476:476 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 3 4 dep similarity 494:503 arg1 % 483:483 % 483:483 % 483:483 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 4 5 theme Phylogentic 551:561 arg1 trees 563:567 Phylogentic trees 551:567 Phylogentic trees generated by different algorithms 551:601 Phylogentic trees generated by different algorithms indicated that the strain forms an independent phylogenetic line of descent that consistently clustered proximal to the base of the genus Leucobacter. 24510975 3 6 theme gene 342:345 arg1 sequences 347:355 16S rRNA gene sequences 333:355 16S rRNA gene sequences 333:355 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 6 7 dep ribotyping 943:952 arg1 profiles 1020:1027 time-of-flight MS profiles 1002:1027 time-of-flight MS profiles 1002:1027 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 8 theme gen. 1273:1276 arg1 sp 1284:1285 sp 1284:1285 sp 1284:1285 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 8 theme gen. 1273:1276 arg1 nov. 1278:1281 the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov. 1238:1281 the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov. 1238:1281 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 9 theme species 1224:1230 arg1 classification 1168:1181 its classification 1164:1181 its classification 1164:1181 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 9 theme species 1224:1230 arg1 representative 1188:1201 a representative 1186:1201 a representative of a novel genus and species 1186:1230 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 3 10 theme family 525:530 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 532:548 the family Microbacteriaceae 521:548 the family Microbacteriaceae 521:548 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 3 11 theme Microbacteriaceae 532:548 arg1 members 510:516 members 510:516 members of the family Microbacteriaceae 510:548 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 6 12 theme oris 1268:1271 arg1 sp 1284:1285 sp 1284:1285 sp 1284:1285 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 12 theme oris 1268:1271 arg1 nov. 1278:1281 the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov. 1238:1281 the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov. 1238:1281 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 2 13 theme phenotypic 260:269 arg1 methods 293:299 phenotypic and molecular genetic methods 260:299 phenotypic and molecular genetic methods 260:299 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 6 14 theme distinct 911:918 arg1 position 933:940 The distinct phylogenetic position 907:940 The distinct phylogenetic position 907:940 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 3 15 theme 16S 333:335 arg1 sequences 347:355 16S rRNA gene sequences 333:355 16S rRNA gene sequences 333:355 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 2 16 theme catalase- 127:135 arg1 bacterium 170:178 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium 76:178 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite 76:237 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 6 17 theme Canibacter 1257:1266 arg1 sp 1284:1285 sp 1284:1285 sp 1284:1285 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 17 theme Canibacter 1257:1266 arg1 nov. 1278:1281 the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov. 1238:1281 the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov. 1238:1281 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 5 18 theme cell-wall 798:806 arg1 murein 808:813 a cell-wall murein 796:813 a cell-wall murein 796:813 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 8 19 theme IMMIB 1312:1316 arg1 64069T 1346:1351 =DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T 1329:1351 =DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T 1329:1351 The type strain is IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T). 24510975 8 19 theme IMMIB 1312:1316 arg1 strain 1302:1307 The type strain 1293:1307 The type strain 1293:1307 The type strain is IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T). 24510975 8 19 theme IMMIB 1312:1316 arg1 Q2029717T 1318:1326 IMMIB Q2029717T 1312:1326 IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T) 1312:1352 The type strain is IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T). 24510975 5 20 theme major 845:849 arg1 MK-10 864:868 MK-10 864:868 MK-10 864:868 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 5 20 theme major 845:849 arg1 menaquinone 851:861 major menaquinone 845:861 major menaquinone (MK-10) 845:869 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 3 21 theme order 412:416 arg1 Micrococcales 418:430 the order Micrococcales 408:430 the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria 408:458 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 3 22 theme rRNA 337:340 arg1 sequences 347:355 16S rRNA gene sequences 333:355 16S rRNA gene sequences 333:355 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 6 23 theme name 1252:1255 arg1 sp 1284:1285 sp 1284:1285 sp 1284:1285 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 23 theme name 1252:1255 arg1 nov. 1278:1281 the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov. 1238:1281 the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov. 1238:1281 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 0 24 theme Canibacter 0:9 arg1 nov. 21:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov. 0:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov. 0:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 25 theme separate 1080:1087 arg1 Q2029717T 1102:1110 separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T 1080:1110 separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T 1080:1110 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 3 26 theme Micrococcales 418:430 arg1 Q2029717T 382:390 strain IMMIB Q2029717T 369:390 strain IMMIB Q2029717T 369:390 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 3 26 theme Micrococcales 418:430 arg1 member 398:403 a member 396:403 a member 396:403 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 3 27 theme strain 369:374 arg1 Q2029717T 382:390 strain IMMIB Q2029717T 369:390 strain IMMIB Q2029717T 369:390 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 3 27 theme strain 369:374 arg1 member 398:403 a member 396:403 a member 396:403 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 2 28 theme Gram-reaction-positive 103:124 arg1 bacterium 170:178 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium 76:178 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite 76:237 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 6 29 theme suggested 1242:1250 arg1 sp 1284:1285 sp 1284:1285 sp 1284:1285 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 29 theme suggested 1242:1250 arg1 nov. 1278:1281 the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov. 1238:1281 the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov. 1238:1281 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 1 30 theme infected 54:61 arg1 wound 69:73 an infected human wound 51:73 an infected human wound 51:73 nov., isolated from an infected human wound. 24510975 6 31 theme phenotypic 1049:1058 arg1 differences 1060:1070 the significant phenotypic differences 1033:1070 the significant phenotypic differences 1033:1070 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 2 32 attach isolated 180:187 arg2 bacterium 170:178 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium 76:178 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite 76:237 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 2 32 attach isolated 180:187 arg1 wound 212:216 an infected human wound 194:216 an infected human wound caused by a dog bite 194:237 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 3 33 theme IMMIB 376:380 arg1 Q2029717T 382:390 strain IMMIB Q2029717T 369:390 strain IMMIB Q2029717T 369:390 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 3 33 theme IMMIB 376:380 arg1 member 398:403 a member 396:403 a member 396:403 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 6 34 theme phylogenetic 920:931 arg1 position 933:940 The distinct phylogenetic position 907:940 The distinct phylogenetic position 907:940 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 1 35 theme human 63:67 arg1 wound 69:73 an infected human wound 51:73 an infected human wound 51:73 nov., isolated from an infected human wound. 24510975 6 36 theme significant 1037:1047 arg1 differences 1060:1070 the significant phenotypic differences 1033:1070 the significant phenotypic differences 1033:1070 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 5 37 theme murein 808:813 arg1 presence 784:791 the presence 780:791 the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol% 780:904 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 2 38 theme genetic 285:291 arg1 methods 293:299 phenotypic and molecular genetic methods 260:299 phenotypic and molecular genetic methods 260:299 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 6 39 from neighbour 1142:1150 arg1 Q2029717T 1102:1110 separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T 1080:1110 separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T 1080:1110 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 3 40 theme class 439:443 arg1 Actinobacteria 445:458 the class Actinobacteria 435:458 the class Actinobacteria 435:458 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 0 41 theme gen. 16:19 arg1 nov. 21:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov. 0:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov. 0:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 8 42 theme =DSM 1329:1332 arg1 64069T 1346:1351 =DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T 1329:1351 =DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T 1329:1351 The type strain is IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T). 24510975 8 42 theme =DSM 1329:1332 arg1 Q2029717T 1318:1326 IMMIB Q2029717T 1312:1326 IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T) 1312:1352 The type strain is IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T). 24510975 2 43 theme molecular 275:283 arg1 methods 293:299 phenotypic and molecular genetic methods 260:299 phenotypic and molecular genetic methods 260:299 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 3 44 theme Actinobacteria 445:458 arg1 Micrococcales 418:430 the order Micrococcales 408:430 the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria 408:458 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 3 45 with similarity 494:503 arg1 members 510:516 members 510:516 members of the family Microbacteriaceae 510:548 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 6 46 theme nearest 1121:1127 arg1 neighbour 1142:1150 its nearest phylogenetic neighbour 1117:1150 its nearest phylogenetic neighbour 1117:1150 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 8 47 theme type 1297:1300 arg1 strain 1302:1307 The type strain 1293:1307 The type strain 1293:1307 The type strain is IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T). 24510975 8 47 theme type 1297:1300 arg1 Q2029717T 1318:1326 IMMIB Q2029717T 1312:1326 IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T) 1312:1352 The type strain is IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T). 24510975 5 48 theme type 834:837 arg1 L-lysine 824:831 L-lysine 824:831 L-lysine (type B1α) 824:842 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 5 48 theme type 834:837 arg1 B1α 839:841 type B1α 834:841 type B1α 834:841 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 4 49 theme phylogenetic 650:661 arg1 line 663:666 an independent phylogenetic line 635:666 an independent phylogenetic line of descent 635:677 Phylogentic trees generated by different algorithms indicated that the strain forms an independent phylogenetic line of descent that consistently clustered proximal to the base of the genus Leucobacter. 24510975 4 50 theme Leucobacter 741:751 arg1 base 723:726 the base 719:726 the base of the genus Leucobacter 719:751 Phylogentic trees generated by different algorithms indicated that the strain forms an independent phylogenetic line of descent that consistently clustered proximal to the base of the genus Leucobacter. 24510975 6 51 theme MS 1017:1018 arg1 profiles 1020:1027 time-of-flight MS profiles 1002:1027 time-of-flight MS profiles 1002:1027 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 2 52 theme oxidase-negative 141:156 arg1 bacterium 170:178 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium 76:178 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite 76:237 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 0 53 dep sp 27:28 arg1 nov. 21:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov. 0:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov. 0:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 8 54 theme 27064T=CCUG 1334:1344 arg1 64069T 1346:1351 =DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T 1329:1351 =DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T 1329:1351 The type strain is IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T). 24510975 8 54 theme 27064T=CCUG 1334:1344 arg1 Q2029717T 1318:1326 IMMIB Q2029717T 1312:1326 IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T) 1312:1352 The type strain is IMMIB Q2029717T (=DSM 27064T=CCUG 64069T). 24510975 3 55 theme 91.6 472:475 arg1 % 476:476 % 476:476 % 476:476 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 5 56 theme mol 901:903 arg1 % 904:904 56.9 mol% 896:904 56.9 mol% 896:904 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 2 57 theme infected 197:204 arg1 wound 212:216 an infected human wound 194:216 an infected human wound caused by a dog bite 194:237 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 2 58 theme human 206:210 arg1 wound 212:216 an infected human wound 194:216 an infected human wound caused by a dog bite 194:237 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 5 59 theme DNA 877:879 arg1 content 885:891 a DNA G+C content 875:891 a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol% 875:904 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 2 60 dep anaerobic 92:100 arg1 rod-shaped 159:168 rod-shaped 159:168 rod-shaped 159:168 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 6 61 theme genus 1214:1218 arg1 classification 1168:1181 its classification 1164:1181 its classification 1164:1181 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 61 theme genus 1214:1218 arg1 representative 1188:1201 a representative 1186:1201 a representative of a novel genus and species 1186:1230 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 4 62 theme descent 671:677 arg1 line 663:666 an independent phylogenetic line 635:666 an independent phylogenetic line of descent 635:677 Phylogentic trees generated by different algorithms indicated that the strain forms an independent phylogenetic line of descent that consistently clustered proximal to the base of the genus Leucobacter. 24510975 5 63 theme G+C 881:883 arg1 content 885:891 a DNA G+C content 875:891 a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol% 875:904 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 3 64 dep % 483:483 arg1 % 476:476 % 476:476 % 476:476 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 6 65 theme time-of-flight 1002:1015 arg1 profiles 1020:1027 time-of-flight MS profiles 1002:1027 time-of-flight MS profiles 1002:1027 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 3 66 dep % 476:476 arg1 to 478:479 to 478:479 to 478:479 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 6 67 theme novel 1208:1212 arg1 genus 1214:1218 a novel genus 1206:1218 a novel genus 1206:1218 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 4 68 theme genus 735:739 arg1 Leucobacter 741:751 the genus Leucobacter 731:751 the genus Leucobacter 731:751 Phylogentic trees generated by different algorithms indicated that the strain forms an independent phylogenetic line of descent that consistently clustered proximal to the base of the genus Leucobacter. 24510975 3 69 theme sequence 485:492 arg1 similarity 494:503 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity 472:503 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae 472:548 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6% to 96% sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24510975 6 70 theme phylogenetic 1129:1140 arg1 neighbour 1142:1150 its nearest phylogenetic neighbour 1117:1150 its nearest phylogenetic neighbour 1117:1150 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 4 71 theme different 582:590 arg1 algorithms 592:601 different algorithms 582:601 different algorithms 582:601 Phylogentic trees generated by different algorithms indicated that the strain forms an independent phylogenetic line of descent that consistently clustered proximal to the base of the genus Leucobacter. 24510975 6 72 theme IMMIB 1096:1100 arg1 Q2029717T 1102:1110 separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T 1080:1110 separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T 1080:1110 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 2 73 theme dog 230:232 arg1 bite 234:237 a dog bite 228:237 a dog bite 228:237 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. 24510975 5 74 theme % 904:904 arg1 B1α 839:841 type B1α 834:841 type B1α 834:841 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 5 74 theme % 904:904 arg1 L-lysine 824:831 L-lysine 824:831 L-lysine (type B1α) 824:842 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 5 74 theme % 904:904 arg1 menaquinone 851:861 major menaquinone 845:861 major menaquinone (MK-10) 845:869 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 5 74 theme % 904:904 arg1 MK-10 864:868 MK-10 864:868 MK-10 864:868 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 5 74 theme % 904:904 arg1 content 885:891 a DNA G+C content 875:891 a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol% 875:904 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 4 75 theme independent 638:648 arg1 line 663:666 an independent phylogenetic line 635:666 an independent phylogenetic line of descent 635:677 Phylogentic trees generated by different algorithms indicated that the strain forms an independent phylogenetic line of descent that consistently clustered proximal to the base of the genus Leucobacter. 24510975 6 76 theme laser 974:978 arg1 desorption/ionization 980:1000 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization 958:1000 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization 958:1000 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 5 77 theme Chemical 754:761 arg1 studies 763:769 Chemical studies 754:769 Chemical studies 754:769 Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1α), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. 24510975 0 78 theme oris 11:14 arg1 nov. 21:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov. 0:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov. 0:24 Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24510975 6 79 theme matrix-assisted 958:972 arg1 desorption/ionization 980:1000 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization 958:1000 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization 958:1000 The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. 24500890 8 0 theme cells 1302:1306 arg1 activities 1265:1274 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities 1237:1274 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells 1237:1306 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 9 1 from hydrogels 1430:1438 arg1 release 1413:1419 sustained BMP-2 release 1397:1419 sustained BMP-2 release from the hydrogels 1397:1438 Mineralization was enhanced by sustained BMP-2 release from the hydrogels, but was cell type dependent. 24500890 6 2 theme compressive 1072:1082 arg1 modulus 1084:1090 compressive modulus 1072:1090 compressive modulus 1072:1090 Changes in Ch/LA ratio and UV exposure time significantly affected compressive modulus and protein release kinetics. 24500890 1 3 theme chitosan-lactide 180:195 arg1 hydrogels 205:213 novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels 154:213 novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering 154:241 Here we report the development and characterization of novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 2 4 theme chemical 341:348 arg1 structures 350:359 their chemical structures 335:359 their chemical structures 335:359 We synthesized the hydrogels based on Ch, LA, and methacrylic anhydride (MA), and examined their chemical structures, degradation rates, compressive moduli, and protein release kinetics. 24500890 6 5 theme Ch/LA 1016:1020 arg1 ratio 1022:1026 Ch/LA ratio 1016:1026 Ch/LA ratio 1016:1026 Changes in Ch/LA ratio and UV exposure time significantly affected compressive modulus and protein release kinetics. 24500890 3 6 theme bone 508:511 arg1 BMP-2 538:542 BMP-2 538:542 BMP-2 538:542 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 6 theme bone 508:511 arg1 protein-2 527:535 bone morphogenetic protein-2 508:535 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 508:543 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 2 7 theme methacrylic 294:304 arg1 MA 317:318 MA 317:318 MA 317:318 We synthesized the hydrogels based on Ch, LA, and methacrylic anhydride (MA), and examined their chemical structures, degradation rates, compressive moduli, and protein release kinetics. 24500890 2 7 theme methacrylic 294:304 arg1 anhydride 306:314 methacrylic anhydride 294:314 methacrylic anhydride (MA) 294:319 We synthesized the hydrogels based on Ch, LA, and methacrylic anhydride (MA), and examined their chemical structures, degradation rates, compressive moduli, and protein release kinetics. 24500890 5 8 theme Ch-LA 988:992 arg1 hydrogels 994:1002 the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels 964:1002 the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels 964:1002 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 3 9 dep hydrogels 473:481 arg1 the 469:471 the 469:471 the 469:471 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 9 dep hydrogels 473:481 arg1 efficacy 496:503 efficacy 496:503 efficacy 496:503 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 8 10 theme Higher 1237:1242 arg1 phosphatase 1253:1263 Higher alkaline phosphatase 1237:1263 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells 1237:1306 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 5 11 theme moiety 873:878 arg1 Addition 844:851 Addition 844:851 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain 844:904 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 7 12 theme photo-crosslinkable 1126:1144 arg1 hydrogels 1152:1160 The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels 1122:1160 The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels 1122:1160 The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels were not cytotoxic regardless of the composition and UV crosslinking time. 24500890 7 12 theme photo-crosslinkable 1126:1144 arg1 cytotoxic 1171:1179 cytotoxic 1171:1179 cytotoxic 1171:1179 The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels were not cytotoxic regardless of the composition and UV crosslinking time. 24500890 2 13 theme protein 405:411 arg1 kinetics 421:428 protein release kinetics 405:428 protein release kinetics 405:428 We synthesized the hydrogels based on Ch, LA, and methacrylic anhydride (MA), and examined their chemical structures, degradation rates, compressive moduli, and protein release kinetics. 24500890 1 14 dep development 118:128 arg1 the 114:116 the 114:116 the 114:116 Here we report the development and characterization of novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 6 15 theme protein 1096:1102 arg1 kinetics 1112:1119 protein release kinetics 1096:1119 protein release kinetics 1096:1119 Changes in Ch/LA ratio and UV exposure time significantly affected compressive modulus and protein release kinetics. 24500890 1 16 theme Ch-LA 198:202 arg1 hydrogels 205:213 novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels 154:213 novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering 154:241 Here we report the development and characterization of novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 6 17 from Changes 1005:1011 arg1 ratio 1022:1026 Ch/LA ratio 1016:1026 Ch/LA ratio 1016:1026 Changes in Ch/LA ratio and UV exposure time significantly affected compressive modulus and protein release kinetics. 24500890 6 17 from Changes 1005:1011 arg1 time 1044:1047 UV exposure time 1032:1047 UV exposure time 1032:1047 Changes in Ch/LA ratio and UV exposure time significantly affected compressive modulus and protein release kinetics. 24500890 10 18 theme photo-crosslinkable 1475:1493 arg1 carrier 1525:1531 a promising carrier 1513:1531 a promising carrier for growth factors 1513:1550 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel is a promising carrier for growth factors. 24500890 10 18 theme photo-crosslinkable 1475:1493 arg1 hydrogel 1501:1508 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel 1470:1508 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel 1470:1508 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel is a promising carrier for growth factors. 24500890 2 19 theme compressive 381:391 arg1 moduli 393:398 compressive moduli 381:398 compressive moduli 381:398 We synthesized the hydrogels based on Ch, LA, and methacrylic anhydride (MA), and examined their chemical structures, degradation rates, compressive moduli, and protein release kinetics. 24500890 7 20 theme crosslinking 1218:1229 arg1 time 1231:1234 UV crosslinking time 1215:1234 UV crosslinking time 1215:1234 The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels were not cytotoxic regardless of the composition and UV crosslinking time. 24500890 3 21 theme morphogenetic 513:525 arg1 BMP-2 538:542 BMP-2 538:542 BMP-2 538:542 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 21 theme morphogenetic 513:525 arg1 protein-2 527:535 bone morphogenetic protein-2 508:535 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 508:543 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 10 22 theme Ch-LA 1495:1499 arg1 carrier 1525:1531 a promising carrier 1513:1531 a promising carrier for growth factors 1513:1550 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel is a promising carrier for growth factors. 24500890 10 22 theme Ch-LA 1495:1499 arg1 hydrogel 1501:1508 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel 1470:1508 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel 1470:1508 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel is a promising carrier for growth factors. 24500890 5 23 theme degradation 944:954 arg1 rate 956:959 degradation rate 944:959 degradation rate 944:959 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 1 24 theme hydrogels 205:213 arg1 characterization 134:149 characterization 134:149 characterization 134:149 Here we report the development and characterization of novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 1 24 theme hydrogels 205:213 arg1 development 118:128 development 118:128 development 118:128 Here we report the development and characterization of novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 0 25 theme In 0:1 arg1 evaluation 9:18 In vitro evaluation 0:18 In vitro evaluation of photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide 0:58 In vitro evaluation of photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 8 26 theme C2C12 1296:1300 arg1 cells 1302:1306 C2C12 cells 1296:1306 C2C12 cells 1296:1306 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 8 27 located observed 1313:1320 arg1 day 1359:1361 day 5 1359:1363 day 5 1359:1363 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 8 27 located observed 1313:1320 arg1 hydrogels 1346:1354 the less-crosslinked hydrogels 1325:1354 the less-crosslinked hydrogels 1325:1354 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 8 27 located observed 1313:1320 arg2 activities 1265:1274 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities 1237:1274 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells 1237:1306 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 5 28 theme hydrophilic 885:895 arg1 chain 900:904 a hydrophilic Ch chain 883:904 a hydrophilic Ch chain 883:904 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 8 29 theme phosphatase 1253:1263 arg1 activities 1265:1274 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities 1237:1274 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells 1237:1306 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 9 30 theme sustained 1397:1405 arg1 release 1413:1419 sustained BMP-2 release 1397:1419 sustained BMP-2 release from the hydrogels 1397:1438 Mineralization was enhanced by sustained BMP-2 release from the hydrogels, but was cell type dependent. 24500890 10 31 theme promising 1515:1523 arg1 carrier 1525:1531 a promising carrier 1513:1531 a promising carrier for growth factors 1513:1550 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel is a promising carrier for growth factors. 24500890 10 31 theme promising 1515:1523 arg1 hydrogel 1501:1508 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel 1470:1508 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel 1470:1508 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel is a promising carrier for growth factors. 24500890 2 32 theme release 413:419 arg1 kinetics 421:428 protein release kinetics 405:428 protein release kinetics 405:428 We synthesized the hydrogels based on Ch, LA, and methacrylic anhydride (MA), and examined their chemical structures, degradation rates, compressive moduli, and protein release kinetics. 24500890 7 33 theme UV 1215:1216 arg1 time 1231:1234 UV crosslinking time 1215:1234 UV crosslinking time 1215:1234 The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels were not cytotoxic regardless of the composition and UV crosslinking time. 24500890 9 34 theme BMP-2 1407:1411 arg1 release 1413:1419 sustained BMP-2 release 1397:1419 sustained BMP-2 release from the hydrogels 1397:1438 Mineralization was enhanced by sustained BMP-2 release from the hydrogels, but was cell type dependent. 24500890 3 35 theme protein-2 527:535 arg1 delivery 487:494 delivery 487:494 delivery 487:494 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 35 theme protein-2 527:535 arg1 hydrogels 473:481 hydrogels 473:481 hydrogels 473:481 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 36 theme C2C12 658:662 arg1 cells 679:683 C2C12 mouse myoblast cells 658:683 C2C12 mouse myoblast cells 658:683 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 37 theme osteoblast 548:557 arg1 differentiation 559:573 osteoblast differentiation 548:573 osteoblast differentiation 548:573 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 1 38 theme tissue 224:229 arg1 engineering 231:241 bone tissue engineering 219:241 bone tissue engineering 219:241 Here we report the development and characterization of novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 0 39 theme chitosan-lactide 43:58 arg1 evaluation 9:18 In vitro evaluation 0:18 In vitro evaluation of photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide 0:58 In vitro evaluation of photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 5 40 theme photo-crosslinkable 968:986 arg1 hydrogels 994:1002 the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels 964:1002 the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels 964:1002 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 3 41 theme mouse 664:668 arg1 cells 679:683 C2C12 mouse myoblast cells 658:683 C2C12 mouse myoblast cells 658:683 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 42 theme W-20-17 600:606 arg1 cells 648:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 8 43 theme alkaline 1244:1251 arg1 phosphatase 1253:1263 Higher alkaline phosphatase 1237:1263 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells 1237:1306 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 5 44 theme hydrophobic 858:868 arg1 moiety 873:878 a hydrophobic LA moiety 856:878 a hydrophobic LA moiety 856:878 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 0 45 theme photo-crosslinkable 23:41 arg1 chitosan-lactide 43:58 photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide 23:58 photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide 23:58 In vitro evaluation of photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 8 46 theme less-crosslinked 1329:1344 arg1 hydrogels 1346:1354 the less-crosslinked hydrogels 1325:1354 the less-crosslinked hydrogels 1325:1354 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 3 47 theme preosteoblast 608:620 arg1 cells 648:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 5 48 theme LA 870:871 arg1 moiety 873:878 a hydrophobic LA moiety 856:878 a hydrophobic LA moiety 856:878 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 8 49 theme W-20-17 1284:1290 arg1 activities 1265:1274 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities 1237:1274 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells 1237:1306 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 5 50 theme Ch 897:898 arg1 chain 900:904 a hydrophilic Ch chain 883:904 a hydrophilic Ch chain 883:904 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 8 51 link less-crosslinked 1329:1344 arg1 hydrogels 1346:1354 the less-crosslinked hydrogels 1325:1354 the less-crosslinked hydrogels 1325:1354 Higher alkaline phosphatase activities of both W-20-17 and C2C12 cells were observed in the less-crosslinked hydrogels at day 5. 24500890 7 52 theme Ch-LA 1146:1150 arg1 hydrogels 1152:1160 The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels 1122:1160 The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels 1122:1160 The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels were not cytotoxic regardless of the composition and UV crosslinking time. 24500890 7 52 theme Ch-LA 1146:1150 arg1 cytotoxic 1171:1179 cytotoxic 1171:1179 cytotoxic 1171:1179 The photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels were not cytotoxic regardless of the composition and UV crosslinking time. 24500890 3 53 from cytotoxicity 453:464 arg1 mineralization 579:592 mineralization 579:592 mineralization 579:592 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 53 from cytotoxicity 453:464 arg1 differentiation 559:573 osteoblast differentiation 548:573 osteoblast differentiation 548:573 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 54 theme delivery 487:494 arg1 cytotoxicity 453:464 the cytotoxicity 449:464 the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization 449:592 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 55 theme bone 628:631 arg1 cells 648:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 1 56 theme novel 154:158 arg1 hydrogels 205:213 novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels 154:213 novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering 154:241 Here we report the development and characterization of novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 3 57 theme marrow 633:638 arg1 cells 648:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 4 58 theme photo-crosslinkable 814:832 arg1 networks 834:841 photo-crosslinkable networks 814:841 photo-crosslinkable networks 814:841 NMR and FTIR revealed that the hydrogels were formed via amidation and esterification between Ch and LA, and methacrylation for photo-crosslinkable networks. 24500890 3 59 theme myoblast 670:677 arg1 cells 679:683 C2C12 mouse myoblast cells 658:683 C2C12 mouse myoblast cells 658:683 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 3 60 theme stromal 640:646 arg1 cells 648:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 10 61 theme growth 1537:1542 arg1 factors 1544:1550 growth factors 1537:1550 growth factors 1537:1550 This photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogel is a promising carrier for growth factors. 24500890 3 62 theme hydrogels 473:481 arg1 cytotoxicity 453:464 the cytotoxicity 449:464 the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization 449:592 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 6 63 theme exposure 1035:1042 arg1 time 1044:1047 UV exposure time 1032:1047 UV exposure time 1032:1047 Changes in Ch/LA ratio and UV exposure time significantly affected compressive modulus and protein release kinetics. 24500890 0 64 theme tissue 79:84 arg1 engineering 86:96 bone tissue engineering 74:96 bone tissue engineering 74:96 In vitro evaluation of photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 5 65 theme hydrogels 994:1002 arg1 softness 930:937 softness 930:937 softness 930:937 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 5 65 theme hydrogels 994:1002 arg1 swellability 916:927 swellability 916:927 swellability 916:927 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 5 65 theme hydrogels 994:1002 arg1 rate 956:959 degradation rate 944:959 degradation rate 944:959 Addition of a hydrophobic LA moiety to a hydrophilic Ch chain increased swellability, softness, and degradation rate of the photo-crosslinkable Ch-LA hydrogels. 24500890 3 66 theme mouse 622:626 arg1 cells 648:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells 600:652 We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels and delivery efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using W-20-17 preosteoblast mouse bone marrow stromal cells and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. 24500890 1 67 theme bone 219:222 arg1 engineering 231:241 bone tissue engineering 219:241 bone tissue engineering 219:241 Here we report the development and characterization of novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 2 68 theme degradation 362:372 arg1 rates 374:378 degradation rates 362:378 degradation rates 362:378 We synthesized the hydrogels based on Ch, LA, and methacrylic anhydride (MA), and examined their chemical structures, degradation rates, compressive moduli, and protein release kinetics. 24500890 6 69 theme release 1104:1110 arg1 kinetics 1112:1119 protein release kinetics 1096:1119 protein release kinetics 1096:1119 Changes in Ch/LA ratio and UV exposure time significantly affected compressive modulus and protein release kinetics. 24500890 6 70 theme UV 1032:1033 arg1 time 1044:1047 UV exposure time 1032:1047 UV exposure time 1032:1047 Changes in Ch/LA ratio and UV exposure time significantly affected compressive modulus and protein release kinetics. 24500890 0 71 theme bone 74:77 arg1 engineering 86:96 bone tissue engineering 74:96 bone tissue engineering 74:96 In vitro evaluation of photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 0 72 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro evaluation of photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 24500890 1 73 theme photo-crosslinkable 160:178 arg1 hydrogels 205:213 novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels 154:213 novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering 154:241 Here we report the development and characterization of novel photo-crosslinkable chitosan-lactide (Ch-LA) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. 28137220 20 0 theme CNT 2956:2958 arg1 addition 2944:2951 addition 2944:2951 addition of CNT 2944:2958 Elongation at break values increased by addition of CNT. 28137220 10 1 theme cells 1537:1541 arg1 number 1504:1509 the number 1500:1509 the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells 1500:1541 To predict the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye was performed with PI on the basis of scoring cell nuclei. 28137220 14 2 theme MWCNT 2346:2350 arg1 nanocomposites 2352:2365 chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites 2337:2365 chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites 2337:2365 The double staining method has been able to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites. 28137220 3 3 theme present 512:518 arg1 study 520:524 the present study 508:524 the present study 508:524 In the present study, we report on a composite preparation, involving the use of CNT-chitosan as scaffold for bone repair and regeneration. 28137220 1 4 theme thermal 237:243 arg1 functionalization 260:276 their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization 219:276 their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization 219:276 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered highly successful and proficient in terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility. 28137220 8 5 theme multiwalled 1180:1190 arg1 membranes 1159:1167 membranes 1159:1167 membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) 1159:1216 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 8 5 theme multiwalled 1180:1190 arg1 scaffold 1208:1215 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 1170:1215 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 1170:1215 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 1 6 theme electrical 249:258 arg1 functionalization 260:276 their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization 219:276 their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization 219:276 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered highly successful and proficient in terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility. 28137220 8 7 theme nanotube 1199:1206 arg1 membranes 1159:1167 membranes 1159:1167 membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) 1159:1216 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 8 7 theme nanotube 1199:1206 arg1 scaffold 1208:1215 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 1170:1215 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 1170:1215 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 13 8 theme chondrocyte 2226:2236 arg1 cells 2238:2242 chondrocyte cells 2226:2242 chondrocyte cells 2226:2242 In addition, the effects of chitosan-CNT nanocomposites were not found to cytotoxic on chondrocyte cells. 28137220 7 9 theme μL 1120:1121 arg1 range 1137:1141 12.5-200 μL concentration range 1111:1141 12.5-200 μL concentration range 1111:1141 WST-1 assay for cytotoxicity studies were performed by using chondrocytes cells in 12.5-200 μL concentration range. 28137220 14 10 theme necrotic 2317:2324 arg1 effects 2326:2332 the apoptotic and necrotic effects 2299:2332 the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites 2299:2365 The double staining method has been able to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites. 28137220 12 11 theme cells 2014:2018 arg1 rate 2006:2009 the lowest mortality rate 1985:2009 the lowest mortality rate of cells 1985:2018 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 4 12 theme ATTC 853:856 arg1 line 863:866 the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 837:866 the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 837:866 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 13 13 theme chitosan-CNT 2167:2178 arg1 nanocomposites 2180:2193 chitosan-CNT nanocomposites 2167:2193 chitosan-CNT nanocomposites 2167:2193 In addition, the effects of chitosan-CNT nanocomposites were not found to cytotoxic on chondrocyte cells. 28137220 21 14 from applications 3028:3039 arg1 medicine 3064:3071 future regenerative medicine 3044:3071 future regenerative medicine 3044:3071 CONCLUSION CNTs as a biomaterial hold the potential to be used for applications in future regenerative medicine. 28137220 8 15 theme chitosan- 1272:1280 arg1 scaffold 1310:1317 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's 1272:1319 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells 1272:1357 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 10 16 theme Hoechst 1593:1599 arg1 dye 1601:1603 Hoechst dye 1593:1603 Hoechst dye 1593:1603 To predict the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye was performed with PI on the basis of scoring cell nuclei. 28137220 11 17 theme scaffolds 1784:1792 arg1 values 1739:1744 break values 1733:1744 break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds 1733:1792 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 14 18 theme apoptotic 2303:2311 arg1 effects 2326:2332 the apoptotic and necrotic effects 2299:2332 the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites 2299:2365 The double staining method has been able to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites. 28137220 22 19 theme ATTC 3115:3118 arg1 lines 3126:3130 chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines 3101:3130 chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines 3101:3130 By using the components of chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines, the cytotoxicity evaluations were made for the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold. 28137220 17 20 from fluorescence 2675:2686 arg1 comparison 2691:2700 comparison 2691:2700 comparison to non-apoptotic cells 2691:2723 Under a fluorescent inverted microscope, the apoptotic cell nuclei were stained with a stronger blue fluorescence in comparison to non-apoptotic cells, which may have had an effect. 28137220 8 21 theme carbon 1294:1299 arg1 scaffold 1310:1317 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's 1272:1319 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells 1272:1357 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 10 22 theme staining 1579:1586 arg1 technique 1559:1567 the technique 1555:1567 the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye 1555:1603 To predict the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye was performed with PI on the basis of scoring cell nuclei. 28137220 7 23 theme chondrocytes 1089:1100 arg1 cells 1102:1106 chondrocytes cells 1089:1106 chondrocytes cells 1089:1106 WST-1 assay for cytotoxicity studies were performed by using chondrocytes cells in 12.5-200 μL concentration range. 28137220 6 24 theme differentiation 976:990 arg1 line 1009:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line 963:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line 963:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line was prepared. 28137220 17 25 theme inverted 2594:2601 arg1 microscope 2603:2612 a fluorescent inverted microscope 2580:2612 a fluorescent inverted microscope 2580:2612 Under a fluorescent inverted microscope, the apoptotic cell nuclei were stained with a stronger blue fluorescence in comparison to non-apoptotic cells, which may have had an effect. 28137220 12 26 theme mortality 2087:2095 arg1 rate 2097:2100 the highest mortality rate 2075:2100 the highest mortality rate 2075:2100 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 11 27 theme Texture 1812:1818 arg1 Analyzer 1820:1827 Texture Analyzer 1812:1827 Texture Analyzer 1812:1827 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 3 28 theme CNT-chitosan 586:597 arg1 use 579:581 the use 575:581 the use of CNT-chitosan as scaffold for bone repair and regeneration 575:642 In the present study, we report on a composite preparation, involving the use of CNT-chitosan as scaffold for bone repair and regeneration. 28137220 7 29 theme WST-1 1028:1032 arg1 assay 1034:1038 WST-1 assay 1028:1038 WST-1 assay for cytotoxicity studies 1028:1063 WST-1 assay for cytotoxicity studies were performed by using chondrocytes cells in 12.5-200 μL concentration range. 28137220 23 30 theme drastic 3283:3289 arg1 cytotoxicity 3291:3302 drastic cytotoxicity 3283:3302 drastic cytotoxicity 3283:3302 The chitosan-MWCNT nanocomposites do not seem to induce drastic cytotoxicity to the chondrocyte cells. 28137220 22 31 theme lines 3126:3130 arg1 components 3087:3096 the components 3083:3096 the components of chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines 3083:3130 By using the components of chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines, the cytotoxicity evaluations were made for the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold. 28137220 13 32 located found 2204:2208 arg2 effects 2156:2162 the effects 2152:2162 the effects of chitosan-CNT nanocomposites 2152:2193 In addition, the effects of chitosan-CNT nanocomposites were not found to cytotoxic on chondrocyte cells. 28137220 13 32 located found 2204:2208 arg1 addition 2142:2149 addition 2142:2149 addition 2142:2149 In addition, the effects of chitosan-CNT nanocomposites were not found to cytotoxic on chondrocyte cells. 28137220 5 33 theme carbon 922:927 arg1 scaffolds 938:946 The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds 897:946 METHODS The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds 889:946 METHODS The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds were prepared. 28137220 17 34 theme apoptotic 2619:2627 arg1 nuclei 2634:2639 the apoptotic cell nuclei 2615:2639 the apoptotic cell nuclei 2615:2639 Under a fluorescent inverted microscope, the apoptotic cell nuclei were stained with a stronger blue fluorescence in comparison to non-apoptotic cells, which may have had an effect. 28137220 4 35 theme double 707:712 arg1 staining 714:721 double staining 707:721 double staining 707:721 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 11 36 theme break 1733:1737 arg1 values 1739:1744 break values 1733:1744 break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds 1733:1792 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 7 37 theme cytotoxicity 1044:1055 arg1 studies 1057:1063 cytotoxicity studies 1044:1063 cytotoxicity studies 1044:1063 WST-1 assay for cytotoxicity studies were performed by using chondrocytes cells in 12.5-200 μL concentration range. 28137220 3 38 theme bone 615:618 arg1 repair 620:625 bone repair 615:625 bone repair 615:625 In the present study, we report on a composite preparation, involving the use of CNT-chitosan as scaffold for bone repair and regeneration. 28137220 15 39 theme compounds 2419:2427 arg1 effects 2395:2401 The apoptotic and necrotic effects 2368:2401 The apoptotic and necrotic effects of the combined compounds 2368:2427 The apoptotic and necrotic effects of the combined compounds had varied within the concentrations. 28137220 1 40 theme Carbon 129:134 arg1 CNTs 147:150 CNTs 147:150 CNTs 147:150 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered highly successful and proficient in terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility. 28137220 1 40 theme Carbon 129:134 arg1 nanotubes 136:144 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes 118:144 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 118:151 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered highly successful and proficient in terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility. 28137220 1 41 theme BACKGROUND 118:127 arg1 CNTs 147:150 CNTs 147:150 CNTs 147:150 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered highly successful and proficient in terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility. 28137220 1 41 theme BACKGROUND 118:127 arg1 nanotubes 136:144 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes 118:144 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 118:151 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered highly successful and proficient in terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility. 28137220 0 42 from Effects 83:89 arg1 Lines 111:115 Chondrocyte Cell Lines 94:115 Chondrocyte Cell Lines 94:115 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 16 43 theme % 2571:2571 arg1 percentage 2553:2562 a percentage 2551:2562 a percentage of 2.67% 2551:2571 In a similar manner to the outcome of the control groups, apoptosis was obtained at a percentage of 2.67%. 28137220 8 44 theme separate 1344:1351 arg1 wells 1353:1357 separate wells 1344:1357 separate wells 1344:1357 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 18 45 theme measurements 2797:2808 arg1 results 2810:2816 the strain-stress curve measurements results 2773:2816 the strain-stress curve measurements results 2773:2816 We also compared the strain-stress curve measurements results. 28137220 21 46 theme future 3044:3049 arg1 medicine 3064:3071 future regenerative medicine 3044:3071 future regenerative medicine 3044:3071 CONCLUSION CNTs as a biomaterial hold the potential to be used for applications in future regenerative medicine. 28137220 16 47 theme control 2509:2515 arg1 groups 2517:2522 the control groups 2505:2522 the control groups 2505:2522 In a similar manner to the outcome of the control groups, apoptosis was obtained at a percentage of 2.67%. 28137220 17 48 theme cell 2629:2632 arg1 nuclei 2634:2639 the apoptotic cell nuclei 2615:2639 the apoptotic cell nuclei 2615:2639 Under a fluorescent inverted microscope, the apoptotic cell nuclei were stained with a stronger blue fluorescence in comparison to non-apoptotic cells, which may have had an effect. 28137220 11 49 theme chitosan 1753:1760 arg1 values 1739:1744 break values 1733:1744 break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds 1733:1792 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 18 50 theme strain-stress 2777:2789 arg1 results 2810:2816 the strain-stress curve measurements results 2773:2816 the strain-stress curve measurements results 2773:2816 We also compared the strain-stress curve measurements results. 28137220 14 51 theme double 2249:2254 arg1 method 2265:2270 The double staining method 2245:2270 The double staining method 2245:2270 The double staining method has been able to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites. 28137220 14 51 theme double 2249:2254 arg1 able 2281:2284 able 2281:2284 able 2281:2284 The double staining method has been able to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites. 28137220 4 52 dep salt 690:693 arg1 methods 723:729 methods 723:729 methods 723:729 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 0 53 theme Chondrocyte 94:104 arg1 Lines 111:115 Chondrocyte Cell Lines 94:115 Chondrocyte Cell Lines 94:115 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 12 54 theme WST-1 1866:1870 arg1 procedure 1878:1886 the WST-1 assay procedure 1862:1886 the WST-1 assay procedure 1862:1886 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 22 55 theme nanotube 3208:3215 arg1 scaffold 3217:3224 the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 3176:3224 the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 3176:3224 By using the components of chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines, the cytotoxicity evaluations were made for the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold. 28137220 12 56 theme mortality 1996:2004 arg1 rate 2006:2009 the lowest mortality rate 1985:2009 the lowest mortality rate of cells 1985:2018 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 5 57 dep METHODS 889:895 arg1 scaffolds 938:946 The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds 897:946 METHODS The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds 889:946 METHODS The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds were prepared. 28137220 0 58 theme Multiwalled 0:10 arg1 Scaffold 37:44 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold 0:44 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 0:116 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 1 59 theme functionalization 260:276 arg1 terms 210:214 terms 210:214 terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility 210:297 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered highly successful and proficient in terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility. 28137220 12 60 theme procedure 1878:1886 arg1 results 1851:1857 the results 1847:1857 the results of the WST-1 assay procedure 1847:1886 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 22 61 theme chitosan-multiwalled 3180:3199 arg1 scaffold 3217:3224 the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 3176:3224 the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 3176:3224 By using the components of chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines, the cytotoxicity evaluations were made for the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold. 28137220 2 62 theme clinical 424:431 arg1 applications 433:444 clinical applications 424:444 clinical applications 424:444 In regards to their significant extent in bone regeneration, it has been determined that CNTs hold the capability to endure clinical applications through bone tissue engineering and orthopedic procedures. 28137220 0 63 theme Nanotube-Chitosan 19:35 arg1 Scaffold 37:44 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold 0:44 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 0:116 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 1 64 theme biocompatibility 282:297 arg1 terms 210:214 terms 210:214 terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility 210:297 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered highly successful and proficient in terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility. 28137220 20 65 from values 2924:2929 arg1 Elongation 2904:2913 Elongation 2904:2913 Elongation at break values 2904:2929 Elongation at break values increased by addition of CNT. 28137220 4 66 theme tetrazolium 678:688 arg1 salt 690:693 water-soluble tetrazolium salt 664:693 water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) 664:701 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 4 66 theme tetrazolium 678:688 arg1 WST-1 696:700 WST-1 696:700 WST-1 696:700 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 4 67 theme carbon 803:808 arg1 nanocomposites 819:832 chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites 782:832 chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites 782:832 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 10 68 theme cell 1651:1654 arg1 nuclei 1656:1661 scoring cell nuclei 1643:1661 scoring cell nuclei 1643:1661 To predict the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye was performed with PI on the basis of scoring cell nuclei. 28137220 16 69 theme similar 2472:2478 arg1 manner 2480:2485 a similar manner 2470:2485 a similar manner to the outcome of the control groups 2470:2522 In a similar manner to the outcome of the control groups, apoptosis was obtained at a percentage of 2.67%. 28137220 12 70 theme lowest 1989:1994 arg1 rate 2006:2009 the lowest mortality rate 1985:2009 the lowest mortality rate of cells 1985:2018 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 2 71 theme tissue 459:464 arg1 engineering 466:476 bone tissue engineering 454:476 bone tissue engineering 454:476 In regards to their significant extent in bone regeneration, it has been determined that CNTs hold the capability to endure clinical applications through bone tissue engineering and orthopedic procedures. 28137220 10 72 theme necrotic 1528:1535 arg1 cells 1537:1541 apoptotic and necrotic cells 1514:1541 apoptotic and necrotic cells 1514:1541 To predict the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye was performed with PI on the basis of scoring cell nuclei. 28137220 11 73 theme mechanical 1668:1677 arg1 properties 1679:1688 The mechanical properties 1664:1688 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds 1664:1792 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 11 73 theme mechanical 1668:1677 arg1 elongation 1719:1728 elongation 1719:1728 elongation 1719:1728 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 11 73 theme mechanical 1668:1677 arg1 strength 1706:1713 tensile strength 1698:1713 tensile strength 1698:1713 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 4 74 theme nanocomposites 819:832 arg1 effects 771:777 the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects 732:777 the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 732:866 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 2 75 theme bone 342:345 arg1 regeneration 347:358 bone regeneration 342:358 bone regeneration 342:358 In regards to their significant extent in bone regeneration, it has been determined that CNTs hold the capability to endure clinical applications through bone tissue engineering and orthopedic procedures. 28137220 23 76 theme chitosan-MWCNT 3231:3244 arg1 nanocomposites 3246:3259 The chitosan-MWCNT nanocomposites 3227:3259 The chitosan-MWCNT nanocomposites 3227:3259 The chitosan-MWCNT nanocomposites do not seem to induce drastic cytotoxicity to the chondrocyte cells. 28137220 10 77 theme apoptotic 1514:1522 arg1 cells 1537:1541 apoptotic and necrotic cells 1514:1541 apoptotic and necrotic cells 1514:1541 To predict the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye was performed with PI on the basis of scoring cell nuclei. 28137220 4 78 theme apoptotic 761:769 arg1 effects 771:777 the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects 732:777 the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 732:866 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 12 79 theme μg/mL 2132:2136 arg1 rate 2120:2123 a rate 2118:2123 a rate of 200 μg/mL 2118:2136 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 11 80 theme tensile 1698:1704 arg1 strength 1706:1713 tensile strength 1698:1713 tensile strength 1698:1713 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 9 81 dep Elisa 1464:1468 arg1 Reader 1481:1486 Reader 1481:1486 Reader 1481:1486 While in the process of incubation, in the four-hour time range, the plates were immediately read in an Elisa microplate Reader. 28137220 9 82 theme time 1413:1416 arg1 range 1418:1422 the four-hour time range 1399:1422 the four-hour time range 1399:1422 While in the process of incubation, in the four-hour time range, the plates were immediately read in an Elisa microplate Reader. 28137220 21 83 theme CONCLUSION 2961:2970 arg1 CNTs 2972:2975 CONCLUSION CNTs 2961:2975 CONCLUSION CNTs as a biomaterial 2961:2992 CONCLUSION CNTs as a biomaterial hold the potential to be used for applications in future regenerative medicine. 28137220 14 84 theme nanocomposites 2352:2365 arg1 effects 2326:2332 the apoptotic and necrotic effects 2299:2332 the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites 2299:2365 The double staining method has been able to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites. 28137220 8 85 theme membranes 1159:1167 arg1 samples 1148:1154 The samples 1144:1154 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) 1144:1216 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 4 86 theme cell 858:861 arg1 line 863:866 the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 837:866 the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 837:866 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 2 87 from extent 332:337 arg1 regeneration 347:358 bone regeneration 342:358 bone regeneration 342:358 In regards to their significant extent in bone regeneration, it has been determined that CNTs hold the capability to endure clinical applications through bone tissue engineering and orthopedic procedures. 28137220 10 88 theme double 1572:1577 arg1 staining 1579:1586 double staining 1572:1586 double staining with Hoechst dye 1572:1603 To predict the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye was performed with PI on the basis of scoring cell nuclei. 28137220 7 89 theme concentration 1123:1135 arg1 range 1137:1141 12.5-200 μL concentration range 1111:1141 12.5-200 μL concentration range 1111:1141 WST-1 assay for cytotoxicity studies were performed by using chondrocytes cells in 12.5-200 μL concentration range. 28137220 14 90 theme chitosan 2337:2344 arg1 nanocomposites 2352:2365 chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites 2337:2365 chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites 2337:2365 The double staining method has been able to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites. 28137220 8 91 theme chitosan- 1170:1178 arg1 membranes 1159:1167 membranes 1159:1167 membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) 1159:1216 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 8 91 theme chitosan- 1170:1178 arg1 scaffold 1208:1215 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 1170:1215 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 1170:1215 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 22 92 theme chondrocytes 3101:3112 arg1 lines 3126:3130 chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines 3101:3130 chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines 3101:3130 By using the components of chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines, the cytotoxicity evaluations were made for the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold. 28137220 7 93 theme 12.5-200 1111:1118 arg1 μL 1120:1121 μL 1120:1121 μL 1120:1121 WST-1 assay for cytotoxicity studies were performed by using chondrocytes cells in 12.5-200 μL concentration range. 28137220 8 94 theme carbon 1192:1197 arg1 membranes 1159:1167 membranes 1159:1167 membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) 1159:1216 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 8 94 theme carbon 1192:1197 arg1 scaffold 1208:1215 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 1170:1215 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 1170:1215 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 17 95 theme stronger 2661:2668 arg1 fluorescence 2675:2686 a stronger blue fluorescence 2659:2686 a stronger blue fluorescence 2659:2686 Under a fluorescent inverted microscope, the apoptotic cell nuclei were stained with a stronger blue fluorescence in comparison to non-apoptotic cells, which may have had an effect. 28137220 19 96 theme mechanical 2850:2859 arg1 different 2893:2901 different 2893:2901 different 2893:2901 The results indicated that the mechanical properties of scaffold were not different. 28137220 19 96 theme mechanical 2850:2859 arg1 properties 2861:2870 the mechanical properties 2846:2870 the mechanical properties of scaffold 2846:2882 The results indicated that the mechanical properties of scaffold were not different. 28137220 6 97 theme ATCC 998:1001 arg1 line 1009:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line 963:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line 963:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line was prepared. 28137220 4 98 theme chondrocyte 841:851 arg1 line 863:866 the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 837:866 the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 837:866 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 3 99 theme composite 542:550 arg1 preparation 552:562 a composite preparation 540:562 a composite preparation 540:562 In the present study, we report on a composite preparation, involving the use of CNT-chitosan as scaffold for bone repair and regeneration. 28137220 12 100 theme nanocomposite 1952:1964 arg1 concentrations 1966:1979 nanocomposite concentrations 1952:1979 nanocomposite concentrations 1952:1979 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 6 101 theme tool 992:995 arg1 line 1009:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line 963:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line 963:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line was prepared. 28137220 17 102 theme fluorescent 2582:2592 arg1 microscope 2603:2612 a fluorescent inverted microscope 2580:2612 a fluorescent inverted microscope 2580:2612 Under a fluorescent inverted microscope, the apoptotic cell nuclei were stained with a stronger blue fluorescence in comparison to non-apoptotic cells, which may have had an effect. 28137220 8 103 theme multiwalled 1282:1292 arg1 scaffold 1310:1317 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's 1272:1319 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells 1272:1357 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 19 104 theme scaffold 2875:2882 arg1 different 2893:2901 different 2893:2901 different 2893:2901 The results indicated that the mechanical properties of scaffold were not different. 28137220 19 104 theme scaffold 2875:2882 arg1 properties 2861:2870 the mechanical properties 2846:2870 the mechanical properties of scaffold 2846:2882 The results indicated that the mechanical properties of scaffold were not different. 28137220 11 105 theme chitosan/CNT 1771:1782 arg1 scaffolds 1784:1792 chitosan/CNT scaffolds 1771:1792 chitosan/CNT scaffolds 1771:1792 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 21 106 theme regenerative 3051:3062 arg1 medicine 3064:3071 future regenerative medicine 3044:3071 future regenerative medicine 3044:3071 CONCLUSION CNTs as a biomaterial hold the potential to be used for applications in future regenerative medicine. 28137220 12 107 theme viability 1908:1916 arg1 amount 1893:1898 the amount 1889:1898 the amount of cell viability 1889:1916 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 12 107 theme viability 1908:1916 arg1 viability 1908:1916 cell viability 1903:1916 cell viability 1903:1916 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 6 108 theme Chondrocytes 963:974 arg1 line 1009:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line 963:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line 963:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line was prepared. 28137220 22 109 theme cytotoxicity 3137:3148 arg1 evaluations 3150:3160 the cytotoxicity evaluations 3133:3160 the cytotoxicity evaluations 3133:3160 By using the components of chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines, the cytotoxicity evaluations were made for the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold. 28137220 8 110 theme nanotube 1301:1308 arg1 scaffold 1310:1317 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's 1272:1319 chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells 1272:1357 The samples of membranes (chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold) were measured at 2 mg/mL and further prepared amongst chitosan- multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold's which were placed into separate wells. 28137220 5 111 theme chitosan-multiwalled 901:920 arg1 scaffolds 938:946 The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds 897:946 METHODS The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds 889:946 METHODS The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds were prepared. 28137220 17 112 contain had 2741:2743 arg2 effect 2748:2753 an effect 2745:2753 an effect 2745:2753 Under a fluorescent inverted microscope, the apoptotic cell nuclei were stained with a stronger blue fluorescence in comparison to non-apoptotic cells, which may have had an effect. 28137220 17 112 contain had 2741:2743 arg1 fluorescence 2675:2686 a stronger blue fluorescence 2659:2686 a stronger blue fluorescence 2659:2686 Under a fluorescent inverted microscope, the apoptotic cell nuclei were stained with a stronger blue fluorescence in comparison to non-apoptotic cells, which may have had an effect. 28137220 5 113 theme nanotube 929:936 arg1 scaffolds 938:946 The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds 897:946 METHODS The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds 889:946 METHODS The chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds were prepared. 28137220 11 114 from values 1739:1744 arg1 elongation 1719:1728 elongation 1719:1728 elongation 1719:1728 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 11 114 from values 1739:1744 arg1 strength 1706:1713 tensile strength 1698:1713 tensile strength 1698:1713 The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break values of the chitosan only and chitosan/CNT scaffolds were evaluated on Texture Analyzer. 28137220 12 115 theme μg/mL 2060:2064 arg1 concentration 2038:2050 a concentration 2036:2050 a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL 2036:2064 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 4 116 from effects 771:777 arg1 line 863:866 the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 837:866 the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 837:866 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 16 117 theme groups 2517:2522 arg1 outcome 2494:2500 the outcome 2490:2500 the outcome of the control groups 2490:2522 In a similar manner to the outcome of the control groups, apoptosis was obtained at a percentage of 2.67%. 28137220 4 118 theme water-soluble 664:676 arg1 salt 690:693 water-soluble tetrazolium salt 664:693 water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) 664:701 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 4 118 theme water-soluble 664:676 arg1 WST-1 696:700 WST-1 696:700 WST-1 696:700 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 0 119 theme Necrotic 74:81 arg1 Effects 83:89 Necrotic Effects 74:89 Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines 74:115 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 18 120 theme curve 2791:2795 arg1 results 2810:2816 the strain-stress curve measurements results 2773:2816 the strain-stress curve measurements results 2773:2816 We also compared the strain-stress curve measurements results. 28137220 15 121 theme combined 2410:2417 arg1 compounds 2419:2427 the combined compounds 2406:2427 the combined compounds 2406:2427 The apoptotic and necrotic effects of the combined compounds had varied within the concentrations. 28137220 2 122 theme orthopedic 482:491 arg1 procedures 493:502 orthopedic procedures 482:502 orthopedic procedures 482:502 In regards to their significant extent in bone regeneration, it has been determined that CNTs hold the capability to endure clinical applications through bone tissue engineering and orthopedic procedures. 28137220 4 123 theme salt 690:693 arg1 use 657:659 the use 653:659 the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods 653:729 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 14 124 theme staining 2256:2263 arg1 method 2265:2270 The double staining method 2245:2270 The double staining method 2245:2270 The double staining method has been able to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites. 28137220 14 124 theme staining 2256:2263 arg1 able 2281:2284 able 2281:2284 able 2281:2284 The double staining method has been able to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects of chitosan MWCNT nanocomposites. 28137220 15 125 theme necrotic 2386:2393 arg1 effects 2395:2401 The apoptotic and necrotic effects 2368:2401 The apoptotic and necrotic effects of the combined compounds 2368:2427 The apoptotic and necrotic effects of the combined compounds had varied within the concentrations. 28137220 12 126 theme cell 1903:1906 arg1 viability 1908:1916 cell viability 1903:1916 cell viability 1903:1916 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 6 127 theme cell 1004:1007 arg1 line 1009:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line 963:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line 963:1012 Chondrocytes differentiation tool (ATCC) cell line was prepared. 28137220 4 128 theme cytotoxic 736:744 arg1 effects 771:777 the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects 732:777 the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 732:866 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 0 129 theme Cell 106:109 arg1 Lines 111:115 Chondrocyte Cell Lines 94:115 Chondrocyte Cell Lines 94:115 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 15 130 theme apoptotic 2372:2380 arg1 effects 2395:2401 The apoptotic and necrotic effects 2368:2401 The apoptotic and necrotic effects of the combined compounds 2368:2427 The apoptotic and necrotic effects of the combined compounds had varied within the concentrations. 28137220 12 131 theme assay 1872:1876 arg1 procedure 1878:1886 the WST-1 assay procedure 1862:1886 the WST-1 assay procedure 1862:1886 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 20 132 theme break 2918:2922 arg1 values 2924:2929 break values 2918:2929 break values 2918:2929 Elongation at break values increased by addition of CNT. 28137220 4 133 theme necrotic 747:754 arg1 effects 771:777 the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects 732:777 the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line 732:866 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 0 134 theme Carbon 12:17 arg1 Scaffold 37:44 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold 0:44 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 0:116 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 22 135 theme carbon 3201:3206 arg1 scaffold 3217:3224 the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 3176:3224 the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold 3176:3224 By using the components of chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines, the cytotoxicity evaluations were made for the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold. 28137220 23 136 theme chondrocyte 3311:3321 arg1 cells 3323:3327 the chondrocyte cells 3307:3327 the chondrocyte cells 3307:3327 The chitosan-MWCNT nanocomposites do not seem to induce drastic cytotoxicity to the chondrocyte cells. 28137220 4 137 theme staining 714:721 arg1 use 657:659 the use 653:659 the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods 653:729 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 13 138 theme nanocomposites 2180:2193 arg1 effects 2156:2162 the effects 2152:2162 the effects of chitosan-CNT nanocomposites 2152:2193 In addition, the effects of chitosan-CNT nanocomposites were not found to cytotoxic on chondrocyte cells. 28137220 17 139 theme non-apoptotic 2705:2717 arg1 cells 2719:2723 non-apoptotic cells 2705:2723 non-apoptotic cells 2705:2723 Under a fluorescent inverted microscope, the apoptotic cell nuclei were stained with a stronger blue fluorescence in comparison to non-apoptotic cells, which may have had an effect. 28137220 10 140 theme nuclei 1656:1661 arg1 basis 1634:1638 the basis 1630:1638 the basis of scoring cell nuclei 1630:1661 To predict the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye was performed with PI on the basis of scoring cell nuclei. 28137220 17 141 theme blue 2670:2673 arg1 fluorescence 2675:2686 a stronger blue fluorescence 2659:2686 a stronger blue fluorescence 2659:2686 Under a fluorescent inverted microscope, the apoptotic cell nuclei were stained with a stronger blue fluorescence in comparison to non-apoptotic cells, which may have had an effect. 28137220 4 142 theme chitosan-multiwalled 782:801 arg1 nanocomposites 819:832 chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites 782:832 chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites 782:832 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 10 143 theme scoring 1643:1649 arg1 nuclei 1656:1661 scoring cell nuclei 1643:1661 scoring cell nuclei 1643:1661 To predict the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye was performed with PI on the basis of scoring cell nuclei. 28137220 0 144 theme Apoptoti 58:65 arg1 c 67:67 Apoptoti c 58:67 Apoptoti c 58:67 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 9 145 theme incubation 1384:1393 arg1 process 1373:1379 the process 1369:1379 the process of incubation 1369:1393 While in the process of incubation, in the four-hour time range, the plates were immediately read in an Elisa microplate Reader. 28137220 22 146 theme cell 3121:3124 arg1 lines 3126:3130 chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines 3101:3130 chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines 3101:3130 By using the components of chondrocytes (ATTC) cell lines, the cytotoxicity evaluations were made for the chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffold. 28137220 10 147 with staining 1579:1586 arg1 dye 1601:1603 Hoechst dye 1593:1603 Hoechst dye 1593:1603 To predict the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, the technique of double staining with Hoechst dye was performed with PI on the basis of scoring cell nuclei. 28137220 2 148 theme bone 454:457 arg1 engineering 466:476 bone tissue engineering 454:476 bone tissue engineering 454:476 In regards to their significant extent in bone regeneration, it has been determined that CNTs hold the capability to endure clinical applications through bone tissue engineering and orthopedic procedures. 28137220 4 149 theme nanotube 810:817 arg1 nanocomposites 819:832 chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites 782:832 chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites 782:832 Through the use of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and double staining methods, the cytotoxic, necrotic, and apoptotic effects of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the chondrocyte ATTC cell line have been exhibited. 28137220 0 150 dep Scaffold 37:44 arg1 Cytotoxic 47:55 Cytotoxic 47:55 Cytotoxic 47:55 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 0 150 dep Scaffold 37:44 arg1 c 67:67 Apoptoti c 58:67 Apoptoti c 58:67 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 0 150 dep Scaffold 37:44 arg1 Effects 83:89 Necrotic Effects 74:89 Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines 74:115 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Scaffold: Cytotoxic, Apoptoti c, and Necrotic Effects on Chondrocyte Cell Lines. 28137220 2 151 theme significant 320:330 arg1 extent 332:337 their significant extent 314:337 their significant extent in bone regeneration 314:358 In regards to their significant extent in bone regeneration, it has been determined that CNTs hold the capability to endure clinical applications through bone tissue engineering and orthopedic procedures. 28137220 9 152 theme four-hour 1403:1411 arg1 range 1418:1422 the four-hour time range 1399:1422 the four-hour time range 1399:1422 While in the process of incubation, in the four-hour time range, the plates were immediately read in an Elisa microplate Reader. 28137220 12 153 theme highest 2079:2085 arg1 rate 2097:2100 the highest mortality rate 2075:2100 the highest mortality rate 2075:2100 RESULTS Based on the results of the WST-1 assay procedure, the amount of cell viability was not significantly affected by nanocomposite concentrations and the lowest mortality rate of cells was obtained at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, whereas the highest mortality rate was obtained at a rate of 200 μg/mL. 28137220 1 154 theme mechanical 225:234 arg1 functionalization 260:276 their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization 219:276 their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization 219:276 BACKGROUND Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered highly successful and proficient in terms of their mechanical, thermal and electrical functionalization and biocompatibility. 26818191 8 0 theme Tissue-engineered 1164:1180 arg1 bone 1182:1185 Tissue-engineered bone 1164:1185 Tissue-engineered bone 1164:1185 Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis. 26818191 12 1 theme without 2127:2133 arg1 group 2153:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 7 2 theme Western 1141:1147 arg1 analysis 1154:1161 Western blot analysis 1141:1161 Western blot analysis 1141:1161 The gene transduction efficacy was confirmed by quantitative PCR assay and Western blot analysis. 26818191 11 3 theme hMSC 1956:1959 arg1 group 1961:1965 the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group 1941:1965 the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group 1941:1965 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 11 4 theme Wnt11-RNAi 1945:1954 arg1 group 1961:1965 the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group 1941:1965 the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group 1941:1965 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 9 5 theme adhesion 1459:1466 arg1 abilities 1468:1476 similar adhesion abilities 1451:1476 similar adhesion abilities 1451:1476 RESULTS All those cells showed similar adhesion abilities and proliferation capacities in scaffolds. 26818191 10 6 theme in 1620:1621 arg1 factors 1612:1618 systemic inflammatory factors 1590:1618 systemic inflammatory factors in vivo 1590:1626 After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. 26818191 7 7 theme quantitative 1114:1125 arg1 assay 1131:1135 quantitative PCR assay 1114:1135 quantitative PCR assay 1114:1135 The gene transduction efficacy was confirmed by quantitative PCR assay and Western blot analysis. 26818191 3 8 theme favorable 524:532 arg1 properties 545:554 favorable biological properties 524:554 favorable biological properties 524:554 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 3 8 theme favorable 524:532 arg1 scaffold 567:574 a novel scaffold 559:574 a novel scaffold 559:574 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 11 9 theme hMSC 1875:1878 arg1 group 1880:1884 the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group 1849:1884 the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group 1849:1884 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 1 10 theme Infected 174:181 arg1 defect 188:193 BACKGROUND Infected bone defect 163:193 BACKGROUND Infected bone defect 163:193 BACKGROUND Infected bone defect poses a great challenge for orthopedists because it is difficult to cure. 26818191 8 11 theme composite 1229:1237 arg1 scaffolds 1239:1247 PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds 1218:1247 PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds 1218:1247 Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis. 26818191 8 12 theme bone 1290:1293 arg1 model 1302:1306 an infected bone defect model 1278:1306 an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis 1278:1417 Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis. 26818191 11 13 theme Wnt11 1853:1857 arg1 group 1880:1884 the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group 1849:1884 the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group 1849:1884 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 10 14 dep in 1620:1621 arg1 vivo 1623:1626 vivo 1623:1626 vivo 1623:1626 After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. 26818191 11 15 theme strongest 1900:1908 arg1 capacity 1923:1930 the strongest osteogenesis capacity 1896:1930 the strongest osteogenesis capacity 1896:1930 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 7 16 theme gene 1070:1073 arg1 efficacy 1088:1095 The gene transduction efficacy 1066:1095 The gene transduction efficacy 1066:1095 The gene transduction efficacy was confirmed by quantitative PCR assay and Western blot analysis. 26818191 9 17 dep RESULTS 1420:1426 arg1 cells 1438:1442 All those cells 1428:1442 RESULTS All those cells 1420:1442 RESULTS All those cells showed similar adhesion abilities and proliferation capacities in scaffolds. 26818191 13 18 theme important 2270:2278 arg1 role 2280:2283 an important role 2267:2283 an important role 2267:2283 CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the Wnt11 gene plays an important role in hMSCs for enhancing the osteogenesis in an infectious environment. 26818191 11 19 theme cell-containing 2038:2052 arg1 groups 2054:2059 the other cell-containing groups 2028:2059 the other cell-containing groups 2028:2059 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 5 20 theme PHA/FN/ALG 895:904 arg1 scaffold 916:923 a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold 893:923 a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold 893:923 METHODS In this study, we constructed a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold with layer-by-layer technology. 26818191 8 21 theme osteogenic 1327:1336 arg1 capacity 1338:1345 the osteogenic capacity 1323:1345 the osteogenic capacity 1323:1345 Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis. 26818191 0 22 theme infected 141:148 arg1 defect 155:160 infected bone defect 141:160 infected bone defect 141:160 Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect. 26818191 3 23 theme biological 534:543 arg1 properties 545:554 favorable biological properties 524:554 favorable biological properties 524:554 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 3 23 theme biological 534:543 arg1 scaffold 567:574 a novel scaffold 559:574 a novel scaffold 559:574 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 6 24 theme -overexpressing 1016:1030 arg1 hMSCs 1032:1036 Wnt11-silenced (RNAi) and -overexpressing hMSCs 990:1036 Wnt11-silenced (RNAi) and -overexpressing hMSCs 990:1036 Furthermore, we also constructed Wnt11-silenced (RNAi) and -overexpressing hMSCs by lentiviral transduction. 26818191 12 25 theme implantation 2140:2151 arg1 group 2153:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 4 26 theme important 689:697 arg1 role 699:702 an important role 686:702 an important role 686:702 In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear. 26818191 0 27 theme mesenchymal 59:69 arg1 cells 76:80 human mesenchymal stem cells 53:80 human mesenchymal stem cells 53:80 Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect. 26818191 8 28 theme gross 1368:1372 arg1 observation 1374:1384 gross observation 1368:1384 gross observation 1368:1384 Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis. 26818191 0 29 theme cells 76:80 arg1 osteogenesis 37:48 the osteogenesis 33:48 the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells 33:80 Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect. 26818191 4 30 from environment 825:835 arg1 differentiation 786:800 the osteogenic differentiation 771:800 the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment 771:835 In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear. 26818191 4 31 theme osteoblasts 726:736 arg1 development 711:721 the development 707:721 the development of osteoblasts 707:736 In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear. 26818191 11 32 theme inferior 1977:1984 arg1 capacity 1999:2006 inferior osteogenesis capacity 1977:2006 inferior osteogenesis capacity 1977:2006 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 12 33 dep group 2089:2093 arg1 both 2159:2162 both 2159:2162 both 2159:2162 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 5 34 theme layer-by-layer 930:943 arg1 technology 945:954 layer-by-layer technology 930:954 layer-by-layer technology 930:954 METHODS In this study, we constructed a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold with layer-by-layer technology. 26818191 13 35 theme infectious 2331:2340 arg1 environment 2342:2352 an infectious environment 2328:2352 an infectious environment 2328:2352 CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the Wnt11 gene plays an important role in hMSCs for enhancing the osteogenesis in an infectious environment. 26818191 10 36 theme bone 1545:1548 arg1 implantation 1550:1561 tissue-engineered bone implantation 1527:1561 tissue-engineered bone implantation 1527:1561 After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. 26818191 11 37 theme gene 1767:1770 arg1 histology 1814:1822 histology 1814:1822 histology 1814:1822 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 11 37 theme gene 1767:1770 arg1 micro-CT 1801:1808 micro-CT 1801:1808 micro-CT 1801:1808 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 11 37 theme gene 1767:1770 arg1 analyses 1772:1779 osteogenic-related gene analyses 1748:1779 osteogenic-related gene analyses 1748:1779 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 11 37 theme gene 1767:1770 arg1 observation 1788:1798 gross observation 1782:1798 gross observation 1782:1798 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 2 38 theme treatment 375:383 arg1 protocol 385:392 a promising treatment protocol 363:392 a promising treatment protocol 363:392 Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. 26818191 3 39 theme hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate 446:480 arg1 scaffold 505:512 a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold 437:512 a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold 437:512 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 2 40 theme mesenchymal 311:321 arg1 hMSCs 335:339 hMSCs 335:339 hMSCs 335:339 Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. 26818191 2 40 theme mesenchymal 311:321 arg1 cells 328:332 the human mesenchymal stem cells 301:332 the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 301:340 Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. 26818191 1 41 theme great 203:207 arg1 challenge 209:217 a great challenge 201:217 a great challenge for orthopedists 201:234 BACKGROUND Infected bone defect poses a great challenge for orthopedists because it is difficult to cure. 26818191 10 42 theme factors 1612:1618 arg1 levels 1580:1585 high levels 1575:1585 high levels 1575:1585 After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. 26818191 3 43 theme previous 421:428 arg1 study 430:434 a previous study 419:434 a previous study 419:434 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 4 44 theme osteogenic 775:784 arg1 differentiation 786:800 the osteogenic differentiation 771:800 the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment 771:835 In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear. 26818191 3 45 theme composite 495:503 arg1 scaffold 505:512 a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold 437:512 a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold 437:512 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 12 46 theme only 2103:2106 arg1 group 2153:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 13 47 dep revealed 2232:2239 arg1 CONCLUSION 2209:2218 CONCLUSION 2209:2218 CONCLUSION 2209:2218 CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the Wnt11 gene plays an important role in hMSCs for enhancing the osteogenesis in an infectious environment. 26818191 10 48 theme systemic 1590:1597 arg1 factors 1612:1618 systemic inflammatory factors 1590:1618 systemic inflammatory factors in vivo 1590:1626 After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. 26818191 3 49 theme PHA/FN/ALG 483:492 arg1 scaffold 505:512 a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold 437:512 a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold 437:512 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 13 50 theme Wnt11 2250:2254 arg1 gene 2256:2259 the Wnt11 gene 2246:2259 the Wnt11 gene 2246:2259 CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the Wnt11 gene plays an important role in hMSCs for enhancing the osteogenesis in an infectious environment. 26818191 12 51 theme scaffold 2118:2125 arg1 group 2153:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 7 52 theme PCR 1127:1129 arg1 assay 1131:1135 quantitative PCR assay 1114:1135 quantitative PCR assay 1114:1135 The gene transduction efficacy was confirmed by quantitative PCR assay and Western blot analysis. 26818191 2 53 theme Tissue-engineered 269:285 arg1 bone 287:290 Tissue-engineered bone 269:290 Tissue-engineered bone 269:290 Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. 26818191 9 54 theme similar 1451:1457 arg1 abilities 1468:1476 similar adhesion abilities 1451:1476 similar adhesion abilities 1451:1476 RESULTS All those cells showed similar adhesion abilities and proliferation capacities in scaffolds. 26818191 12 55 theme control 2081:2087 arg1 group 2089:2093 the blank control group 2071:2093 the blank control group 2071:2093 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 1 56 theme BACKGROUND 163:172 arg1 defect 188:193 BACKGROUND Infected bone defect 163:193 BACKGROUND Infected bone defect 163:193 BACKGROUND Infected bone defect poses a great challenge for orthopedists because it is difficult to cure. 26818191 4 57 theme infectious 814:823 arg1 environment 825:835 infectious environment 814:835 infectious environment 814:835 In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear. 26818191 3 58 theme novel 561:565 arg1 properties 545:554 favorable biological properties 524:554 favorable biological properties 524:554 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 3 58 theme novel 561:565 arg1 scaffold 567:574 a novel scaffold 559:574 a novel scaffold 559:574 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 9 59 theme proliferation 1482:1494 arg1 capacities 1496:1505 proliferation capacities 1482:1505 proliferation capacities 1482:1505 RESULTS All those cells showed similar adhesion abilities and proliferation capacities in scaffolds. 26818191 7 60 theme transduction 1075:1086 arg1 efficacy 1088:1095 The gene transduction efficacy 1066:1095 The gene transduction efficacy 1066:1095 The gene transduction efficacy was confirmed by quantitative PCR assay and Western blot analysis. 26818191 4 61 theme hMSCs 805:809 arg1 differentiation 786:800 the osteogenic differentiation 771:800 the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment 771:835 In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear. 26818191 1 62 theme bone 183:186 arg1 defect 188:193 BACKGROUND Infected bone defect 163:193 BACKGROUND Infected bone defect 163:193 BACKGROUND Infected bone defect poses a great challenge for orthopedists because it is difficult to cure. 26818191 8 63 theme PHA/FN/ALG 1218:1227 arg1 scaffolds 1239:1247 PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds 1218:1247 PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds 1218:1247 Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis. 26818191 8 64 theme infected 1281:1288 arg1 model 1302:1306 an infected bone defect model 1278:1306 an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis 1278:1417 Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis. 26818191 11 65 theme over-expression 1859:1873 arg1 group 1880:1884 the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group 1849:1884 the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group 1849:1884 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 0 66 theme possible 118:125 arg1 treatment 127:135 possible treatment 118:135 possible treatment for infected bone defect 118:160 Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect. 26818191 12 67 theme blank 2075:2079 arg1 group 2089:2093 the blank control group 2071:2093 the blank control group 2071:2093 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 8 68 theme defect 1295:1300 arg1 model 1302:1306 an infected bone defect model 1278:1306 an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis 1278:1417 Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis. 26818191 10 69 theme antibiotic 1675:1684 arg1 therapy 1686:1692 antibiotic therapy 1675:1692 antibiotic therapy 1675:1692 After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. 26818191 11 70 theme osteogenesis 1910:1921 arg1 capacity 1923:1930 the strongest osteogenesis capacity 1896:1930 the strongest osteogenesis capacity 1896:1930 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 11 71 theme other 2032:2036 arg1 groups 2054:2059 the other cell-containing groups 2028:2059 the other cell-containing groups 2028:2059 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 4 72 from hMSCs 805:809 arg1 environment 825:835 infectious environment 814:835 infectious environment 814:835 In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear. 26818191 0 73 theme bone 150:153 arg1 defect 155:160 infected bone defect 141:160 infected bone defect 141:160 Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect. 26818191 3 74 theme single-material 610:624 arg1 scaffolds 626:634 single-material scaffolds 610:634 single-material scaffolds 610:634 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 4 75 from differentiation 786:800 arg1 environment 825:835 infectious environment 814:835 infectious environment 814:835 In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear. 26818191 5 76 theme composite 906:914 arg1 scaffold 916:923 a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold 893:923 a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold 893:923 METHODS In this study, we constructed a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold with layer-by-layer technology. 26818191 12 77 theme weak 2181:2184 arg1 capacity 2199:2206 extremely weak osteogenesis capacity 2171:2206 extremely weak osteogenesis capacity 2171:2206 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 0 78 theme human 53:57 arg1 cells 76:80 human mesenchymal stem cells 53:80 human mesenchymal stem cells 53:80 Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect. 26818191 6 79 dep Wnt11-silenced 990:1003 arg1 RNAi 1006:1009 RNAi 1006:1009 RNAi 1006:1009 Furthermore, we also constructed Wnt11-silenced (RNAi) and -overexpressing hMSCs by lentiviral transduction. 26818191 12 80 theme cell 2135:2138 arg1 group 2153:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 0 81 theme stem 71:74 arg1 cells 76:80 human mesenchymal stem cells 53:80 human mesenchymal stem cells 53:80 Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect. 26818191 4 82 from role 763:766 arg1 differentiation 786:800 the osteogenic differentiation 771:800 the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment 771:835 In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear. 26818191 0 83 theme composite 98:106 arg1 scaffold 108:115 a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold 85:115 a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold 85:115 Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect. 26818191 13 84 from osteogenesis 2312:2323 arg1 environment 2342:2352 an infectious environment 2328:2352 an infectious environment 2328:2352 CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the Wnt11 gene plays an important role in hMSCs for enhancing the osteogenesis in an infectious environment. 26818191 8 85 theme quantitative 1350:1361 arg1 PCR 1363:1365 quantitative PCR 1350:1365 quantitative PCR 1350:1365 Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis. 26818191 12 86 theme osteogenesis 2186:2197 arg1 capacity 2199:2206 extremely weak osteogenesis capacity 2171:2206 extremely weak osteogenesis capacity 2171:2206 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 6 87 theme Wnt11-silenced 990:1003 arg1 hMSCs 1032:1036 Wnt11-silenced (RNAi) and -overexpressing hMSCs 990:1036 Wnt11-silenced (RNAi) and -overexpressing hMSCs 990:1036 Furthermore, we also constructed Wnt11-silenced (RNAi) and -overexpressing hMSCs by lentiviral transduction. 26818191 2 88 theme human 305:309 arg1 hMSCs 335:339 hMSCs 335:339 hMSCs 335:339 Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. 26818191 2 88 theme human 305:309 arg1 cells 328:332 the human mesenchymal stem cells 301:332 the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 301:340 Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. 26818191 0 89 theme PHA/FN/ALG 87:96 arg1 scaffold 108:115 a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold 85:115 a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold 85:115 Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect. 26818191 11 90 theme osteogenesis 1986:1997 arg1 capacity 1999:2006 inferior osteogenesis capacity 1977:2006 inferior osteogenesis capacity 1977:2006 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 0 91 theme important 15:23 arg1 role 25:28 an important role 12:28 an important role 12:28 Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect. 26818191 2 92 theme clinical 397:404 arg1 practice 406:413 clinical practice 397:413 clinical practice 397:413 Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. 26818191 11 93 theme osteogenic-related 1748:1765 arg1 histology 1814:1822 histology 1814:1822 histology 1814:1822 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 11 93 theme osteogenic-related 1748:1765 arg1 micro-CT 1801:1808 micro-CT 1801:1808 micro-CT 1801:1808 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 11 93 theme osteogenic-related 1748:1765 arg1 analyses 1772:1779 osteogenic-related gene analyses 1748:1779 osteogenic-related gene analyses 1748:1779 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 11 93 theme osteogenic-related 1748:1765 arg1 observation 1788:1798 gross observation 1782:1798 gross observation 1782:1798 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 11 94 dep months 1706:1711 arg1 implantation 1719:1730 implantation 1719:1730 implantation 1719:1730 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 8 95 dep PCR 1363:1365 arg1 analysis 1410:1417 analysis 1410:1417 analysis 1410:1417 Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis. 26818191 6 96 theme lentiviral 1041:1050 arg1 transduction 1052:1063 lentiviral transduction 1041:1063 lentiviral transduction 1041:1063 Furthermore, we also constructed Wnt11-silenced (RNAi) and -overexpressing hMSCs by lentiviral transduction. 26818191 10 97 theme tissue-engineered 1527:1543 arg1 implantation 1550:1561 tissue-engineered bone implantation 1527:1561 tissue-engineered bone implantation 1527:1561 After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. 26818191 2 98 theme promising 365:373 arg1 protocol 385:392 a promising treatment protocol 363:392 a promising treatment protocol 363:392 Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. 26818191 7 99 theme blot 1149:1152 arg1 analysis 1154:1161 Western blot analysis 1141:1161 Western blot analysis 1141:1161 The gene transduction efficacy was confirmed by quantitative PCR assay and Western blot analysis. 26818191 10 100 theme high 1575:1578 arg1 levels 1580:1585 high levels 1575:1585 high levels 1575:1585 After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. 26818191 11 101 theme gross 1782:1786 arg1 analyses 1772:1779 osteogenic-related gene analyses 1748:1779 osteogenic-related gene analyses 1748:1779 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 11 101 theme gross 1782:1786 arg1 observation 1788:1798 gross observation 1782:1798 gross observation 1782:1798 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 5 102 dep METHODS 855:861 arg1 constructed 881:891 constructed 881:891 constructed a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold with layer-by-layer technology 881:954 METHODS In this study, we constructed a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold with layer-by-layer technology. 26818191 2 103 theme stem 323:326 arg1 hMSCs 335:339 hMSCs 335:339 hMSCs 335:339 Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. 26818191 2 103 theme stem 323:326 arg1 cells 328:332 the human mesenchymal stem cells 301:332 the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 301:340 Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. 26818191 11 104 theme analyses 1772:1779 arg1 results 1737:1743 the results 1733:1743 the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology 1733:1822 One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. 26818191 3 105 theme porous 439:444 arg1 scaffold 505:512 a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold 437:512 a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold 437:512 In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. 26818191 12 106 theme composite 2108:2116 arg1 group 2153:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group 2099:2157 However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity. 26818191 10 107 theme inflammatory 1599:1610 arg1 factors 1612:1618 systemic inflammatory factors 1590:1618 systemic inflammatory factors in vivo 1590:1626 After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. 27329754 6 0 dep Escherichia 1649:1659 arg1 coli 1661:1664 coli 1661:1664 coli 1661:1664 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 6 1 theme peptidoglycan 1675:1687 arg1 dd-carboxypeptidases 1689:1708 peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases 1675:1708 peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases 1675:1708 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 5 2 theme PBP6b 1309:1313 arg1 structure 1296:1304 the crystal structure 1284:1304 the crystal structure of PBP6b 1284:1313 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 1 3 theme cell 248:251 arg1 shape 235:239 shape 235:239 shape 235:239 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 1 3 theme cell 248:251 arg1 integrity 221:229 integrity 221:229 integrity 221:229 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 6 4 theme substrates 1775:1784 arg1 amount 1752:1757 the amount 1748:1757 the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases 1748:1841 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 6 4 theme substrates 1775:1784 arg1 substrates 1775:1784 pentapeptide substrates 1762:1784 pentapeptide substrates 1762:1784 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 5 5 theme specialized 1466:1476 arg1 PBP6b 1455:1459 PBP6b 1455:1459 PBP6b 1455:1459 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 5 theme specialized 1466:1476 arg1 DD-CPase 1478:1485 a specialized DD-CPase 1464:1485 a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH 1464:1538 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 6 theme normal 1596:1601 arg1 growth 1603:1608 normal growth 1596:1608 normal growth under different conditions 1596:1635 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 1 7 theme cell 193:196 arg1 wall 198:201 the bacterial cell wall 179:201 the bacterial cell wall 179:201 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 8 8 theme cell 2257:2260 arg1 shape 2262:2266 a normal cell shape 2248:2266 a normal cell shape 2248:2266 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 3 9 theme layer 511:515 arg1 growth 494:499 the growth 490:499 the growth of the PG layer 490:515 Hence, the growth of the PG layer must be sufficiently robust to allow cell growth and division under different conditions. 27329754 3 9 theme layer 511:515 arg1 robust 538:543 robust 538:543 robust 538:543 Hence, the growth of the PG layer must be sufficiently robust to allow cell growth and division under different conditions. 27329754 5 10 theme PG 1025:1026 arg1 content 1014:1020 the pentapeptide content 997:1020 the pentapeptide content of PG 997:1026 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 11 theme muropeptide 799:809 arg1 profiles 811:818 the muropeptide profiles 795:818 the muropeptide profiles 795:818 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 8 12 theme growth 2282:2287 arg1 conditions 2289:2298 various growth conditions 2274:2298 various growth conditions 2274:2298 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 4 13 theme PG 674:675 arg1 enzymes 677:683 multiple PG enzymes 665:683 multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) 665:720 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 4 13 theme PG 674:675 arg1 [PBPs 714:718 penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs] 686:719 penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs] 686:719 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 5 14 contain has 1372:1374 arg1 enzyme 1346:1351 the enzyme 1342:1351 the enzyme 1342:1351 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 14 contain has 1372:1374 arg1 stable 1361:1366 stable 1361:1366 stable 1361:1366 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 14 contain has 1372:1374 arg2 Km 1384:1385 a lower Km 1376:1385 a lower Km 1376:1385 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 6 15 theme peptidoglycan 1803:1815 arg1 transpeptidases 1827:1841 the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases 1799:1841 the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases 1799:1841 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 5 16 theme synthase 1171:1178 arg1 PBP1B 1180:1184 the PG synthase PBP1B 1164:1184 the PG synthase PBP1B 1164:1184 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 0 17 theme Shape 70:74 arg1 Maintenance 76:86 Robust Cell Shape Maintenance 58:86 Robust Cell Shape Maintenance 58:86 The Redundancy of Peptidoglycan Carboxypeptidases Ensures Robust Cell Shape Maintenance in Escherichia coli. 27329754 1 18 theme essential 145:153 arg1 Peptidoglycan 120:132 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan 109:132 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) 109:137 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 1 18 theme essential 145:153 arg1 component 166:174 an essential structural component 142:174 an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall 142:201 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 8 19 theme dd-carboxypeptidases 2161:2180 arg1 presence 2140:2147 the presence 2136:2147 the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties 2136:2216 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 5 20 dep DD-CPases 1107:1115 arg1 PBP5 1131:1134 PBP5 1131:1134 PBP5 1131:1134 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 20 dep DD-CPases 1107:1115 arg1 AmpH 1154:1157 AmpH 1154:1157 AmpH 1154:1157 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 20 dep DD-CPases 1107:1115 arg1 DD-CPases 1107:1115 acidic pH. Other DD-CPases 1090:1115 acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) 1090:1158 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 20 dep DD-CPases 1107:1115 arg1 PBP4 1118:1121 PBP4 1118:1121 PBP4 1118:1121 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 20 dep DD-CPases 1107:1115 arg1 PBP6a 1137:1141 PBP6a 1137:1141 PBP6a 1137:1141 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 20 dep DD-CPases 1107:1115 arg1 PBP7 1144:1147 PBP7 1144:1147 PBP7 1144:1147 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 20 dep DD-CPases 1107:1115 arg1 PBP4b 1124:1128 PBP4b 1124:1128 PBP4b 1124:1128 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 6 21 theme synthetic 1817:1825 arg1 transpeptidases 1827:1841 the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases 1799:1841 the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases 1799:1841 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 5 22 theme null 1204:1207 arg1 contribution 1209:1220 a smaller or null contribution 1191:1220 a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions 1191:1635 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 23 theme morphological 1039:1051 arg1 defects 1053:1059 morphological defects 1039:1059 a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects 971:1059 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 24 theme low 1533:1535 arg1 pH 1537:1538 low pH 1533:1538 low pH 1533:1538 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 25 from defects 1053:1059 arg1 content 1014:1020 the pentapeptide content 997:1020 the pentapeptide content of PG 997:1026 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 26 theme Other 1101:1105 arg1 PBP5 1131:1134 PBP5 1131:1134 PBP5 1131:1134 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 26 theme Other 1101:1105 arg1 AmpH 1154:1157 AmpH 1154:1157 AmpH 1154:1157 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 26 theme Other 1101:1105 arg1 DD-CPases 1107:1115 acidic pH. Other DD-CPases 1090:1115 acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) 1090:1158 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 26 theme Other 1101:1105 arg1 PBP4 1118:1121 PBP4 1118:1121 PBP4 1118:1121 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 26 theme Other 1101:1105 arg1 PBP6a 1137:1141 PBP6a 1137:1141 PBP6a 1137:1141 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 26 theme Other 1101:1105 arg1 PBP7 1144:1147 PBP7 1144:1147 PBP7 1144:1147 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 26 theme Other 1101:1105 arg1 PBP4b 1124:1128 PBP4b 1124:1128 PBP4b 1124:1128 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 27 dep activity 1251:1258 arg1 solved 1277:1282 solved 1277:1282 solved the crystal structure of PBP6b 1277:1313 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 27 dep activity 1251:1258 arg1 appears 1553:1559 appears 1553:1559 appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions 1553:1635 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 27 dep activity 1251:1258 arg1 demonstrated 1324:1335 demonstrated 1324:1335 demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH 1324:1538 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 8 28 theme dd-carboxypeptidases 1960:1979 arg1 dd-carboxypeptidases 1960:1979 these dd-carboxypeptidases 1954:1979 these dd-carboxypeptidases 1954:1979 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 8 28 theme dd-carboxypeptidases 1960:1979 arg1 PBP6b 1982:1986 PBP6b 1982:1986 PBP6b 1982:1986 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 8 28 theme dd-carboxypeptidases 1960:1979 arg1 one 1947:1949 one 1947:1949 one 1947:1949 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 5 29 theme acidic 1390:1395 arg1 pH 1397:1398 acidic pH 1390:1398 acidic pH 1390:1398 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 4 30 theme proteins 705:712 arg1 enzymes 677:683 multiple PG enzymes 665:683 multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) 665:720 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 4 30 theme proteins 705:712 arg1 [PBPs 714:718 penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs] 686:719 penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs] 686:719 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 5 31 theme Statistical 771:781 arg1 analysis 783:790 Statistical analysis 771:790 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles 771:818 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 8 32 from pH. 2125:2127 arg1 activity 2081:2088 the higher activity 2070:2088 the higher activity 2070:2088 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 8 32 from pH. 2125:2127 arg1 stability 2094:2102 stability 2094:2102 stability 2094:2102 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 2 33 theme unique 382:387 arg1 compartment 389:399 a unique compartment 380:399 a unique compartment whose composition and pH can vary depending on the local environment of the cell 380:480 The thin PG layer of Escherichia coli resides in the periplasm, a unique compartment whose composition and pH can vary depending on the local environment of the cell. 27329754 5 34 theme smaller 1193:1199 arg1 contribution 1209:1220 a smaller or null contribution 1191:1220 a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions 1191:1635 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 35 theme cell 1507:1510 arg1 maintenance 1518:1528 cell shape maintenance 1507:1528 cell shape maintenance at low pH 1507:1538 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 0 36 theme Carboxypeptidases 32:48 arg1 Redundancy 4:13 The Redundancy 0:13 The Redundancy of Peptidoglycan Carboxypeptidases 0:48 The Redundancy of Peptidoglycan Carboxypeptidases Ensures Robust Cell Shape Maintenance in Escherichia coli. 27329754 8 37 theme multiple 2152:2159 arg1 dd-carboxypeptidases 2161:2180 multiple dd-carboxypeptidases 2152:2180 multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties 2152:2216 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 5 38 from pH. 1270:1272 arg1 activity 1251:1258 the pentapeptide-trimming activity 1225:1258 the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions 1225:1635 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 3 39 theme different 585:593 arg1 conditions 595:604 different conditions 585:604 different conditions 585:604 Hence, the growth of the PG layer must be sufficiently robust to allow cell growth and division under different conditions. 27329754 0 40 theme Robust 58:63 arg1 Maintenance 76:86 Robust Cell Shape Maintenance 58:86 Robust Cell Shape Maintenance 58:86 The Redundancy of Peptidoglycan Carboxypeptidases Ensures Robust Cell Shape Maintenance in Escherichia coli. 27329754 5 41 theme acidic 1090:1095 arg1 PBP5 1131:1134 PBP5 1131:1134 PBP5 1131:1134 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 41 theme acidic 1090:1095 arg1 AmpH 1154:1157 AmpH 1154:1157 AmpH 1154:1157 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 41 theme acidic 1090:1095 arg1 DD-CPases 1107:1115 acidic pH. Other DD-CPases 1090:1115 acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) 1090:1158 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 41 theme acidic 1090:1095 arg1 PBP4 1118:1121 PBP4 1118:1121 PBP4 1118:1121 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 41 theme acidic 1090:1095 arg1 PBP6a 1137:1141 PBP6a 1137:1141 PBP6a 1137:1141 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 41 theme acidic 1090:1095 arg1 PBP7 1144:1147 PBP7 1144:1147 PBP7 1144:1147 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 41 theme acidic 1090:1095 arg1 PBP4b 1124:1128 PBP4b 1124:1128 PBP4b 1124:1128 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 42 theme significant 973:983 arg1 increase 985:992 a significant increase 971:992 a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects 971:1059 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 43 theme redundant 1572:1580 arg1 DD-CPases 1582:1590 redundant DD-CPases 1572:1590 redundant DD-CPases 1572:1590 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 8 44 theme enzymatic 2197:2205 arg1 properties 2207:2216 different enzymatic properties 2187:2216 different enzymatic properties 2187:2216 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 8 45 theme shape 2011:2015 arg1 maintenance 2017:2027 cell shape maintenance 2006:2027 cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium 2006:2051 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 5 46 theme pentapeptide-trimming 1229:1249 arg1 activity 1251:1258 the pentapeptide-trimming activity 1225:1258 the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions 1225:1635 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 8 47 with consistent 2054:2063 arg1 activity 2081:2088 the higher activity 2070:2088 the higher activity 2070:2088 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 8 47 with consistent 2054:2063 arg1 stability 2094:2102 stability 2094:2102 stability 2094:2102 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 5 48 theme DD-CPase 949:956 arg1 PBP6b 958:962 the DD-CPase PBP6b 945:962 the DD-CPase PBP6b 945:962 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 8 49 dep pH. 2125:2127 arg1 allow 2222:2226 allow 2222:2226 may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions 2218:2298 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 8 50 from maintenance 2017:2027 arg1 medium 2046:2051 acidic growth medium 2032:2051 acidic growth medium 2032:2051 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 8 51 theme growth 2039:2044 arg1 medium 2046:2051 acidic growth medium 2032:2051 acidic growth medium 2032:2051 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 5 52 theme different 1616:1624 arg1 conditions 1626:1635 different conditions 1616:1635 different conditions 1616:1635 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 6 53 theme Escherichia 1649:1659 arg1 IMPORTANCE 1638:1647 IMPORTANCE 1638:1647 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli 1638:1664 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 5 54 theme profiles 811:818 arg1 analysis 783:790 Statistical analysis 771:790 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles 771:818 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 8 55 theme normal 2250:2255 arg1 shape 2262:2266 a normal cell shape 2248:2266 a normal cell shape 2248:2266 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 6 56 theme pentapeptide 1762:1773 arg1 substrates 1775:1784 pentapeptide substrates 1762:1784 pentapeptide substrates 1762:1784 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 5 57 theme crystal 1288:1294 arg1 structure 1296:1304 the crystal structure 1284:1304 the crystal structure of PBP6b 1284:1313 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 1 58 theme bacterial 183:191 arg1 wall 198:201 the bacterial cell wall 179:201 the bacterial cell wall 179:201 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 8 59 theme higher 2074:2079 arg1 activity 2081:2088 the higher activity 2070:2088 the higher activity 2070:2088 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 3 60 theme PG 508:509 arg1 layer 511:515 the PG layer 504:515 the PG layer 504:515 Hence, the growth of the PG layer must be sufficiently robust to allow cell growth and division under different conditions. 27329754 1 61 theme wall 198:201 arg1 Peptidoglycan 120:132 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan 109:132 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) 109:137 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 1 61 theme wall 198:201 arg1 component 166:174 an essential structural component 142:174 an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall 142:201 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 7 62 theme redundant 1877:1885 arg1 dd-carboxypeptidases 1887:1906 seemingly redundant dd-carboxypeptidases 1867:1906 seemingly redundant dd-carboxypeptidases 1867:1906 Why E. coli has eight, seemingly redundant dd-carboxypeptidases has remained unknown. 27329754 8 63 theme various 2274:2280 arg1 conditions 2289:2298 various growth conditions 2274:2298 various growth conditions 2274:2298 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 8 64 with dd-carboxypeptidases 2161:2180 arg1 properties 2207:2216 different enzymatic properties 2187:2216 different enzymatic properties 2187:2216 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 1 65 dep integrity 221:229 arg1 the 217:219 the 217:219 the 217:219 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 8 66 theme enzyme 2111:2116 arg1 activity 2081:2088 the higher activity 2070:2088 the higher activity 2070:2088 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 8 66 theme enzyme 2111:2116 arg1 stability 2094:2102 stability 2094:2102 stability 2094:2102 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 4 67 theme mutants 649:655 arg1 composition 631:641 the PG composition 624:641 the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media 624:768 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 4 68 theme multiple 665:672 arg1 enzymes 677:683 multiple PG enzymes 665:683 multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) 665:720 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 4 68 theme multiple 665:672 arg1 [PBPs 714:718 penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs] 686:719 penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs] 686:719 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 5 69 theme PG 1168:1169 arg1 PBP1B 1180:1184 the PG synthase PBP1B 1164:1184 the PG synthase PBP1B 1164:1184 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 2 70 theme thin 320:323 arg1 layer 328:332 The thin PG layer 316:332 The thin PG layer of Escherichia coli 316:352 The thin PG layer of Escherichia coli resides in the periplasm, a unique compartment whose composition and pH can vary depending on the local environment of the cell. 27329754 5 71 theme pentapeptide 1001:1012 arg1 content 1014:1020 the pentapeptide content 997:1020 the pentapeptide content of PG 997:1026 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 3 72 theme cell 554:557 arg1 growth 559:564 cell growth 554:564 cell growth 554:564 Hence, the growth of the PG layer must be sufficiently robust to allow cell growth and division under different conditions. 27329754 4 73 theme PG 628:629 arg1 composition 631:641 the PG composition 624:641 the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media 624:768 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 5 74 from increase 985:992 arg1 content 1014:1020 the pentapeptide content 997:1020 the pentapeptide content of PG 997:1026 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 4 75 from growth 728:733 arg1 media 764:768 acidic or near-neutral-pH media 738:768 acidic or near-neutral-pH media 738:768 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 1 76 theme structural 155:164 arg1 Peptidoglycan 120:132 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan 109:132 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) 109:137 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 1 76 theme structural 155:164 arg1 component 166:174 an essential structural component 142:174 an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall 142:201 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 2 77 theme local 452:456 arg1 environment 458:468 the local environment 448:468 the local environment of the cell 448:480 The thin PG layer of Escherichia coli resides in the periplasm, a unique compartment whose composition and pH can vary depending on the local environment of the cell. 27329754 7 78 contain has 1856:1858 arg1 E. coli 1848:1854 E. coli 1848:1854 E. coli 1848:1854 Why E. coli has eight, seemingly redundant dd-carboxypeptidases has remained unknown. 27329754 7 78 contain has 1856:1858 arg2 eight 1860:1864 eight 1860:1864 eight 1860:1864 Why E. coli has eight, seemingly redundant dd-carboxypeptidases has remained unknown. 27329754 6 79 theme available 1786:1794 arg1 amount 1752:1757 the amount 1748:1757 the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases 1748:1841 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 6 79 theme available 1786:1794 arg1 substrates 1775:1784 pentapeptide substrates 1762:1784 pentapeptide substrates 1762:1784 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 2 80 theme cell 477:480 arg1 environment 458:468 the local environment 448:468 the local environment of the cell 448:480 The thin PG layer of Escherichia coli resides in the periplasm, a unique compartment whose composition and pH can vary depending on the local environment of the cell. 27329754 5 81 from cells 889:893 arg1 active 879:884 active 879:884 active 879:884 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 0 82 theme Peptidoglycan 18:30 arg1 Carboxypeptidases 32:48 Peptidoglycan Carboxypeptidases 18:48 Peptidoglycan Carboxypeptidases 18:48 The Redundancy of Peptidoglycan Carboxypeptidases Ensures Robust Cell Shape Maintenance in Escherichia coli. 27329754 1 83 theme continuous 266:275 arg1 layer 277:281 a continuous layer 264:281 a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane 264:313 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 5 84 from active 879:884 arg1 cells 889:893 cells 889:893 cells grown at acidic pH. In particular 889:927 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 1 85 theme UNLABELLED 109:118 arg1 component 166:174 an essential structural component 142:174 an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall 142:201 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 1 85 theme UNLABELLED 109:118 arg1 PG 135:136 PG 135:136 PG 135:136 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 1 85 theme UNLABELLED 109:118 arg1 Peptidoglycan 120:132 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan 109:132 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) 109:137 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 4 86 theme penicillin-binding 686:703 arg1 enzymes 677:683 multiple PG enzymes 665:683 multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) 665:720 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 4 86 theme penicillin-binding 686:703 arg1 [PBPs 714:718 penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs] 686:719 penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs] 686:719 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 5 87 theme PBP6b 958:962 arg1 absence 934:940 the absence 930:940 the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b 930:962 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 4 88 theme near-neutral-pH 748:762 arg1 media 764:768 acidic or near-neutral-pH media 738:768 acidic or near-neutral-pH media 738:768 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 5 89 theme shape 1512:1516 arg1 maintenance 1518:1528 cell shape maintenance 1507:1528 cell shape maintenance at low pH 1507:1538 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 0 90 theme Cell 65:68 arg1 Maintenance 76:86 Robust Cell Shape Maintenance 58:86 Robust Cell Shape Maintenance 58:86 The Redundancy of Peptidoglycan Carboxypeptidases Ensures Robust Cell Shape Maintenance in Escherichia coli. 27329754 1 91 theme cytoplasmic 294:304 arg1 membrane 306:313 the cytoplasmic membrane 290:313 the cytoplasmic membrane 290:313 UNLABELLED Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the integrity and shape of the cell by forming a continuous layer around the cytoplasmic membrane. 27329754 8 92 theme cell 2006:2009 arg1 maintenance 2017:2027 cell shape maintenance 2006:2027 cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium 2006:2051 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 5 93 theme lower 1378:1382 arg1 Km 1384:1385 a lower Km 1376:1385 a lower Km 1376:1385 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 2 94 theme PG 325:326 arg1 layer 328:332 The thin PG layer 316:332 The thin PG layer of Escherichia coli 316:352 The thin PG layer of Escherichia coli resides in the periplasm, a unique compartment whose composition and pH can vary depending on the local environment of the cell. 27329754 5 95 theme pH. 1097:1099 arg1 PBP5 1131:1134 PBP5 1131:1134 PBP5 1131:1134 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 95 theme pH. 1097:1099 arg1 AmpH 1154:1157 AmpH 1154:1157 AmpH 1154:1157 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 95 theme pH. 1097:1099 arg1 DD-CPases 1107:1115 acidic pH. Other DD-CPases 1090:1115 acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) 1090:1158 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 95 theme pH. 1097:1099 arg1 PBP4 1118:1121 PBP4 1118:1121 PBP4 1118:1121 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 95 theme pH. 1097:1099 arg1 PBP6a 1137:1141 PBP6a 1137:1141 PBP6a 1137:1141 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 95 theme pH. 1097:1099 arg1 PBP7 1144:1147 PBP7 1144:1147 PBP7 1144:1147 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 95 theme pH. 1097:1099 arg1 PBP4b 1124:1128 PBP4b 1124:1128 PBP4b 1124:1128 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 5 96 from pH. 1444:1446 arg1 active 1430:1435 active 1430:1435 active 1430:1435 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 6 97 theme cell 1722:1725 arg1 shape 1727:1731 cell shape 1722:1731 cell shape 1722:1731 IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli requires peptidoglycan dd-carboxypeptidases to maintain cell shape by controlling the amount of pentapeptide substrates available to the peptidoglycan synthetic transpeptidases. 27329754 8 98 theme different 2187:2195 arg1 properties 2207:2216 different enzymatic properties 2187:2216 different enzymatic properties 2187:2216 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 5 99 from pH 1537:1538 arg1 maintenance 1518:1528 cell shape maintenance 1507:1528 cell shape maintenance at low pH 1507:1538 Statistical analysis of the muropeptide profiles identified dd-carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) that were more active in cells grown at acidic pH. In particular, the absence of the DD-CPase PBP6b caused a significant increase in the pentapeptide content of PG as well as morphological defects when the cells were grown at acidic pH. Other DD-CPases (PBP4, PBP4b, PBP5, PBP6a, PBP7, and AmpH) and the PG synthase PBP1B made a smaller or null contribution to the pentapeptide-trimming activity at acidic pH. We solved the crystal structure of PBP6b and also demonstrated that the enzyme is more stable and has a lower Km at acidic pH, explaining why PBP6b is more active at low pH. Hence, PBP6b is a specialized DD-CPase that contributes to cell shape maintenance at low pH, and E. coli appears to utilize redundant DD-CPases for normal growth under different conditions. 27329754 8 100 theme acidic 2032:2037 arg1 medium 2046:2051 acidic growth medium 2032:2051 acidic growth medium 2032:2051 We now show that one of these dd-carboxypeptidases, PBP6b, is important for cell shape maintenance in acidic growth medium, consistent with the higher activity and stability of the enzyme at low pH. Hence, the presence of multiple dd-carboxypeptidases with different enzymatic properties may allow E. coli to maintain a normal cell shape under various growth conditions. 27329754 4 101 theme acidic 738:743 arg1 media 764:768 acidic or near-neutral-pH media 738:768 acidic or near-neutral-pH media 738:768 We have analyzed the PG composition of 28 mutants lacking multiple PG enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins [PBPs]) after growth in acidic or near-neutral-pH media. 27329754 2 102 theme coli 349:352 arg1 layer 328:332 The thin PG layer 316:332 The thin PG layer of Escherichia coli 316:352 The thin PG layer of Escherichia coli resides in the periplasm, a unique compartment whose composition and pH can vary depending on the local environment of the cell. 27169711 12 0 theme T 1658:1658 arg1 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 0 theme T 1658:1658 arg1 4.7248 1684:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248 1646:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T) 1646:1692 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 10 1 theme name 1564:1567 arg1 sp 1592:1593 the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp 1560:1593 the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp 1560:1593 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 10 2 theme YIM 1225:1227 arg1 T102 1229:1232 Strain YIM T102 1218:1232 Strain YIM T102(T) 1218:1235 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 10 2 theme YIM 1225:1227 arg1 T 1234:1234 T 1234:1234 T 1234:1234 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 6 3 theme strain 677:682 arg1 T 693:693 T 693:693 T 693:693 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 6 3 theme strain 677:682 arg1 T102 688:691 strain YIM T102 677:691 strain YIM T102(T) 677:694 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 7 4 theme fatty 864:868 arg1 acids 870:874 the major fatty acids 854:874 the major fatty acids 854:874 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 7 4 theme fatty 864:868 arg1 feature 888:894 summed feature 4 881:896 summed feature 4 (38.0 %) 881:905 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 10 5 theme characteristics 1443:1457 arg1 analyses 1406:1413 the comparative analyses 1390:1413 the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1390:1457 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 8 6 theme LL-diaminopimelic 1107:1123 arg1 ribose 1076:1081 ribose 1076:1081 ribose 1076:1081 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 6 theme LL-diaminopimelic 1107:1123 arg1 acid 1125:1128 LL-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 LL-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 6 theme LL-diaminopimelic 1107:1123 arg1 galactose 1056:1064 galactose 1056:1064 galactose 1056:1064 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 6 theme LL-diaminopimelic 1107:1123 arg1 mannose 1087:1093 mannose 1087:1093 mannose 1087:1093 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 6 theme LL-diaminopimelic 1107:1123 arg1 glucose 1067:1073 glucose 1067:1073 glucose 1067:1073 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 6 theme LL-diaminopimelic 1107:1123 arg1 acid 1156:1159 the diagnostic diamino acid 1133:1159 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1133:1180 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 10 7 theme Alternaria 1282:1291 arg1 alternata 1293:1301 Alternaria alternata 1282:1301 Alternaria alternata 1282:1301 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 2 8 theme actinomycete 96:107 arg1 strain 109:114 An actinomycete strain 93:114 An actinomycete strain 93:114 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM T102(T), was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. 27169711 10 9 theme strain 1480:1485 arg1 T102 1491:1494 strain YIM T102 1480:1494 strain YIM T102 1480:1494 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 12 10 theme type 1618:1621 arg1 strain 1623:1628 The type strain 1614:1628 The type strain 1614:1628 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 10 theme type 1618:1621 arg1 T102 1637:1640 YIM T102 1633:1640 YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)) 1633:1693 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 5 11 theme pairwise 580:587 arg1 similarity 612:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 % 578:631 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 5 12 theme YIM 493:495 arg1 T 502:502 T 502:502 T 502:502 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 5 12 theme YIM 493:495 arg1 T102 497:500 Strain YIM T102 486:500 Strain YIM T102(T) 486:503 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 8 13 dep along 1096:1100 arg1 with 1102:1105 with 1102:1105 with 1102:1105 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 14 theme diagnostic 1137:1146 arg1 ribose 1076:1081 ribose 1076:1081 ribose 1076:1081 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 14 theme diagnostic 1137:1146 arg1 acid 1125:1128 LL-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 LL-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 14 theme diagnostic 1137:1146 arg1 galactose 1056:1064 galactose 1056:1064 galactose 1056:1064 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 14 theme diagnostic 1137:1146 arg1 mannose 1087:1093 mannose 1087:1093 mannose 1087:1093 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 14 theme diagnostic 1137:1146 arg1 glucose 1067:1073 glucose 1067:1073 glucose 1067:1073 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 14 theme diagnostic 1137:1146 arg1 acid 1156:1159 the diagnostic diamino acid 1133:1159 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1133:1180 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 5 15 theme rRNA 593:596 arg1 similarity 612:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 % 578:631 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 3 16 theme taxonomic 281:289 arg1 position 291:298 The taxonomic position 277:298 The taxonomic position of the new isolate 277:317 The taxonomic position of the new isolate was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27169711 12 17 theme  = DSM 1660:1665 arg1 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 17 theme  = DSM 1660:1665 arg1 4.7248 1684:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248 1646:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T) 1646:1692 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 2 18 theme Wu 214:215 arg1 soil 176:179 the rhizospheric soil 159:179 the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China 159:274 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM T102(T), was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. 27169711 9 19 theme G+C 1191:1193 arg1 content 1195:1201 The DNA G+C content 1183:1201 The DNA G+C content 1183:1201 The DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. 27169711 9 19 theme G+C 1191:1193 arg1 % 1215:1215 70.7 mol% 1207:1215 70.7 mol% 1207:1215 The DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. 27169711 3 20 theme new 307:309 arg1 isolate 311:317 the new isolate 303:317 the new isolate 303:317 The taxonomic position of the new isolate was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27169711 8 21 from acid 1156:1159 arg1 peptidoglycan 1168:1180 the peptidoglycan 1164:1180 the peptidoglycan 1164:1180 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 7 22 theme YIM 807:809 arg1 T102 811:814 strain YIM T102 800:814 strain YIM T102(T) 800:817 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 7 22 theme YIM 807:809 arg1 T 816:816 T 816:816 T 816:816 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 12 23 dep T102 1637:1640 arg1 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 23 dep T102 1637:1640 arg1 4.7248 1684:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248 1646:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T) 1646:1692 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 8 24 theme whole-cell 1022:1031 arg1 hydrolysates 1033:1044 The whole-cell hydrolysates 1018:1044 The whole-cell hydrolysates 1018:1044 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 1 25 theme Psammosilene 68:79 arg1 tunicoides 81:90 Psammosilene tunicoides 68:90 Psammosilene tunicoides 68:90 nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides. 27169711 4 26 theme YIM 439:441 arg1 T 448:448 T 448:448 T 448:448 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM T102(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. 27169711 4 26 theme YIM 439:441 arg1 T102 443:446 strain YIM T102 432:446 strain YIM T102(T) 432:449 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM T102(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. 27169711 10 27 theme Alternaria 1304:1313 arg1 brassicae 1315:1323 Alternaria brassicae 1304:1323 Alternaria brassicae 1304:1323 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 0 28 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 23:24 Streptomyces zhihengii sp 0:24 Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 0:25 Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 7 29 theme summed 881:886 arg1 acids 870:874 the major fatty acids 854:874 the major fatty acids 854:874 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 7 29 theme summed 881:886 arg1 feature 888:894 summed feature 4 881:896 summed feature 4 (38.0 %) 881:905 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 7 29 theme summed 881:886 arg1 % 904:904 38.0 % 899:904 38.0 % 899:904 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 10 30 theme nicotianae 1344:1353 arg1 Averna 1355:1360 Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna 1329:1360 Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna 1329:1360 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 3 31 theme polyphasic 341:350 arg1 approach 352:359 a polyphasic approach 339:359 a polyphasic approach 339:359 The taxonomic position of the new isolate was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27169711 6 32 theme relatedness 651:661 arg1 value 663:667 DNA-DNA relatedness value 643:667 DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) 643:727 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 5 33 with B-1676 563:568 arg1 similarity 612:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 % 578:631 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 4 34 theme genus 466:470 arg1 Streptomyces 472:483 the genus Streptomyces 462:483 the genus Streptomyces 462:483 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM T102(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. 27169711 7 35 theme menaquinone 763:773 arg1 MK-9 823:826 MK-9 823:826 MK-9 823:826 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 7 35 theme menaquinone 763:773 arg1 composition 775:785 The menaquinone composition 759:785 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) 759:817 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 6 36 theme eurocidicus 703:713 arg1 T 726:726 T 726:726 T 726:726 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 6 36 theme eurocidicus 703:713 arg1 13491 720:724 S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491 700:724 S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) 700:727 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 10 37 theme Strain 1218:1223 arg1 T102 1229:1232 Strain YIM T102 1218:1232 Strain YIM T102(T) 1218:1235 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 10 37 theme Strain 1218:1223 arg1 T 1234:1234 T 1234:1234 T 1234:1234 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 10 38 theme Streptomyces 1536:1547 arg1 species 1515:1521 a novel species 1507:1521 a novel species 1507:1521 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 12 39 theme =KCTC 1646:1650 arg1 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 39 theme =KCTC 1646:1650 arg1 4.7248 1684:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248 1646:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T) 1646:1692 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 10 40 theme Streptomyces 1569:1580 arg1 sp 1592:1593 the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp 1560:1593 the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp 1560:1593 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 10 41 theme genotypic 1433:1441 arg1 characteristics 1443:1457 phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1418:1457 phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1418:1457 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 4 42 theme Phylogenetic 362:373 arg1 analyses 375:382 Phylogenetic analyses 362:382 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 362:415 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM T102(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. 27169711 5 43 theme Streptomyces 533:544 arg1 T 570:570 T 570:570 T 570:570 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 5 43 theme Streptomyces 533:544 arg1 B-1676 563:568 Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676 533:568 Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 % 533:631 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 10 44 theme phenotypic 1418:1427 arg1 characteristics 1443:1457 phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1418:1457 phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1418:1457 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 2 45 dep Wu 214:215 arg1 et 217:218 Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu 184:227 Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China 184:274 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM T102(T), was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. 27169711 2 45 dep Wu 214:215 arg1 Wu 226:227 Wu 226:227 Wu 226:227 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM T102(T), was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. 27169711 10 46 theme antagonistic 1252:1263 arg1 activity 1265:1272 antagonistic activity 1252:1272 antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna 1252:1360 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 8 47 contain contained 1046:1054 arg1 hydrolysates 1033:1044 The whole-cell hydrolysates 1018:1044 The whole-cell hydrolysates 1018:1044 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 47 contain contained 1046:1054 arg2 acid 1156:1159 the diagnostic diamino acid 1133:1159 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1133:1180 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 47 contain contained 1046:1054 arg2 glucose 1067:1073 glucose 1067:1073 glucose 1067:1073 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 47 contain contained 1046:1054 arg2 acid 1125:1128 LL-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 LL-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 47 contain contained 1046:1054 arg2 ribose 1076:1081 ribose 1076:1081 ribose 1076:1081 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 47 contain contained 1046:1054 arg2 galactose 1056:1064 galactose 1056:1064 galactose 1056:1064 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 47 contain contained 1046:1054 arg2 mannose 1087:1093 mannose 1087:1093 mannose 1087:1093 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 5 48 theme NRRL 558:561 arg1 T 570:570 T 570:570 T 570:570 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 5 48 theme NRRL 558:561 arg1 B-1676 563:568 Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676 533:568 Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 % 533:631 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 6 49 theme YIM 684:686 arg1 T 693:693 T 693:693 T 693:693 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 6 49 theme YIM 684:686 arg1 T102 688:691 strain YIM T102 677:691 strain YIM T102(T) 677:694 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 10 50 from analyses 1406:1413 arg1 findings 1376:1383 the findings 1372:1383 the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1372:1457 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 7 51 theme major 858:862 arg1 acids 870:874 the major fatty acids 854:874 the major fatty acids 854:874 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 7 51 theme major 858:862 arg1 feature 888:894 summed feature 4 881:896 summed feature 4 (38.0 %) 881:905 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 12 52 theme YIM 1633:1635 arg1 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 52 theme YIM 1633:1635 arg1 strain 1623:1628 The type strain 1614:1628 The type strain 1614:1628 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 52 theme YIM 1633:1635 arg1 T102 1637:1640 YIM T102 1633:1640 YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)) 1633:1693 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 4 53 theme gene 402:405 arg1 sequences 407:415 16S rRNA gene sequences 393:415 16S rRNA gene sequences 393:415 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM T102(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. 27169711 10 54 theme YIM 1487:1489 arg1 T102 1491:1494 strain YIM T102 1480:1494 strain YIM T102 1480:1494 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 5 55 theme Strain 486:491 arg1 T 502:502 T 502:502 T 502:502 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 5 55 theme Strain 486:491 arg1 T102 497:500 Strain YIM T102 486:500 Strain YIM T102(T) 486:503 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 5 56 theme gene 598:601 arg1 similarity 612:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 % 578:631 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 8 57 theme diamino 1148:1154 arg1 ribose 1076:1081 ribose 1076:1081 ribose 1076:1081 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 57 theme diamino 1148:1154 arg1 acid 1125:1128 LL-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 LL-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 57 theme diamino 1148:1154 arg1 galactose 1056:1064 galactose 1056:1064 galactose 1056:1064 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 57 theme diamino 1148:1154 arg1 mannose 1087:1093 mannose 1087:1093 mannose 1087:1093 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 57 theme diamino 1148:1154 arg1 glucose 1067:1073 glucose 1067:1073 glucose 1067:1073 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 8 57 theme diamino 1148:1154 arg1 acid 1156:1159 the diagnostic diamino acid 1133:1159 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1133:1180 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and mannose, along with LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27169711 12 58 theme T 1673:1673 arg1 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 58 theme T 1673:1673 arg1 4.7248 1684:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248 1646:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T) 1646:1692 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 5 59 theme 16S 589:591 arg1 similarity 612:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 % 578:631 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 10 60 theme novel 1509:1513 arg1 species 1515:1521 a novel species 1507:1521 a novel species 1507:1521 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 4 61 theme 16S 393:395 arg1 sequences 407:415 16S rRNA gene sequences 393:415 16S rRNA gene sequences 393:415 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM T102(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. 27169711 9 62 theme 70.7 mol 1207:1214 arg1 content 1195:1201 The DNA G+C content 1183:1201 The DNA G+C content 1183:1201 The DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. 27169711 9 62 theme 70.7 mol 1207:1214 arg1 % 1215:1215 70.7 mol% 1207:1215 70.7 mol% 1207:1215 The DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. 27169711 12 63 theme  = CGMCC 1675:1682 arg1 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 63 theme  = CGMCC 1675:1682 arg1 4.7248 1684:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248 1646:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T) 1646:1692 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 7 64 theme summed 952:957 arg1 % 974:974 9.8 % 970:974 9.8 % 970:974 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 7 64 theme summed 952:957 arg1 feature 959:965 summed feature 3 952:967 summed feature 3 (9.8 %) 952:975 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 9 65 theme DNA 1187:1189 arg1 content 1195:1201 The DNA G+C content 1183:1201 The DNA G+C content 1183:1201 The DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. 27169711 9 65 theme DNA 1187:1189 arg1 % 1215:1215 70.7 mol% 1207:1215 70.7 mol% 1207:1215 The DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. 27169711 5 66 theme % 631:631 arg1 similarity 612:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 % 578:631 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 5 67 theme sequence 603:610 arg1 similarity 612:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:621 a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 % 578:631 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 12 68 theme 42176 1667:1671 arg1 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 68 theme 42176 1667:1671 arg1 4.7248 1684:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248 1646:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T) 1646:1692 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 1 69 theme rhizospheric 47:58 arg1 soil 60:63 rhizospheric soil 47:63 rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides 47:90 nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides. 27169711 3 70 theme isolate 311:317 arg1 position 291:298 The taxonomic position 277:298 The taxonomic position of the new isolate 277:317 The taxonomic position of the new isolate was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27169711 4 71 theme strain 432:437 arg1 T 448:448 T 448:448 T 448:448 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM T102(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. 27169711 4 71 theme strain 432:437 arg1 T102 443:446 strain YIM T102 432:446 strain YIM T102(T) 432:449 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM T102(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. 27169711 0 72 theme zhihengii 13:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Streptomyces zhihengii sp 0:24 Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 0:25 Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 7 73 theme strain 800:805 arg1 T102 811:814 strain YIM T102 800:814 strain YIM T102(T) 800:817 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 7 73 theme strain 800:805 arg1 T 816:816 T 816:816 T 816:816 The menaquinone composition detected for strain YIM T102(T) was MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8), while the major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (38.0 %), anteiso-C15:0 (13.1 %), iso-C16:0 (10.1 %), summed feature 3 (9.8 %) and C16:0 (9.0 %) and iso-C15:0 (5.2 %). 27169711 1 74 theme tunicoides 81:90 arg1 soil 60:63 rhizospheric soil 47:63 rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides 47:90 nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides. 27169711 5 75 dep Streptomyces 533:544 arg1 eurocidicus 546:556 eurocidicus 546:556 eurocidicus 546:556 Strain YIM T102(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces eurocidicus NRRL B-1676(T) with a pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.9 %. 27169711 4 76 theme rRNA 397:400 arg1 sequences 407:415 16S rRNA gene sequences 393:415 16S rRNA gene sequences 393:415 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM T102(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. 27169711 2 77 attach isolated 145:152 arg2 strain 109:114 An actinomycete strain 93:114 An actinomycete strain 93:114 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM T102(T), was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. 27169711 2 77 attach isolated 145:152 arg1 soil 176:179 the rhizospheric soil 159:179 the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China 159:274 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM T102(T), was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. 27169711 10 78 theme genus 1530:1534 arg1 Streptomyces 1536:1547 the genus Streptomyces 1526:1547 the genus Streptomyces 1526:1547 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 10 79 theme Colletotrichum 1329:1342 arg1 Averna 1355:1360 Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna 1329:1360 Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna 1329:1360 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27169711 6 80 theme DNA-DNA 643:649 arg1 value 663:667 DNA-DNA relatedness value 643:667 DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) 643:727 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 6 81 theme NBRC 715:718 arg1 T 726:726 T 726:726 T 726:726 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 6 81 theme NBRC 715:718 arg1 13491 720:724 S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491 700:724 S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) 700:727 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 2 82 theme rhizospheric 163:174 arg1 soil 176:179 the rhizospheric soil 159:179 the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China 159:274 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM T102(T), was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. 27169711 12 83 theme 39115 1652:1656 arg1 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 T 1691:1691 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 12 83 theme 39115 1652:1656 arg1 4.7248 1684:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248 1646:1689 =KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T) 1646:1692 The type strain is YIM T102(T) (=KCTC 39115(T) = DSM 42176(T) = CGMCC 4.7248(T)). 27169711 6 84 theme S. 700:701 arg1 T 726:726 T 726:726 T 726:726 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 6 84 theme S. 700:701 arg1 13491 720:724 S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491 700:724 S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) 700:727 However, DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YIM T102(T) and S. eurocidicus NBRC 13491(T) was found to be 37.8 ± 1.8 %. 27169711 2 85 theme YIM 128:130 arg1 T 137:137 T 137:137 T 137:137 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM T102(T), was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. 27169711 2 85 theme YIM 128:130 arg1 T102 132:135 YIM T102 128:135 YIM T102(T) 128:138 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM T102(T), was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. 27169711 10 86 theme comparative 1394:1404 arg1 analyses 1406:1413 the comparative analyses 1390:1413 the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1390:1457 Strain YIM T102(T) also exhibited antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae and Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna, based on the findings from the comparative analyses of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics; it is proposed that strain YIM T102 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces zhihengii sp. 27561499 7 0 theme marketed 1072:1079 arg1 ointment 1088:1095 the marketed Ciplox ointment 1068:1095 the marketed Ciplox ointment 1068:1095 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 1 1 theme hydrogels 252:260 arg1 fabrication 227:237 the fabrication 223:237 the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6) 223:294 In present investigation, gelatin and iota-carrageenan (CG) were used for the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6). 27561499 8 2 theme cell 1194:1197 arg1 lines 1199:1203 normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines 1170:1203 normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity 1170:1246 The cytocompatibility of the prepared hydrogels were investigated using normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity. 27561499 6 3 theme linear 855:860 arg1 profile 870:876 a linear release profile 853:876 a linear release profile 853:876 In physiological pH 7.4, the G4 formulation showed a linear release profile. 27561499 4 4 theme high 598:601 arg1 properties 629:638 high mucoadhesive and swelling properties 598:638 high mucoadhesive and swelling properties 598:638 The hydrogels were found to be hemocompatible with high mucoadhesive and swelling properties. 27561499 0 5 theme physiochemical 96:109 arg1 analysis 111:118 depth physiochemical analysis 90:118 depth physiochemical analysis 90:118 Development of highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan based composite hydrogels: In depth physiochemical analysis for biomedical applications. 27561499 7 6 theme nosocomial 925:934 arg1 strains 936:942 nosocomial strains 925:942 nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment 925:1095 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 1 7 theme different 265:273 arg1 G1-G6 289:293 G1-G6 289:293 G1-G6 289:293 In present investigation, gelatin and iota-carrageenan (CG) were used for the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6). 27561499 1 7 theme different 265:273 arg1 formulations 275:286 different formulations 265:286 different formulations (G1-G6) 265:294 In present investigation, gelatin and iota-carrageenan (CG) were used for the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6). 27561499 0 8 theme depth 90:94 arg1 analysis 111:118 depth physiochemical analysis 90:118 depth physiochemical analysis 90:118 Development of highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan based composite hydrogels: In depth physiochemical analysis for biomedical applications. 27561499 4 9 with hemocompatible 578:591 arg1 properties 629:638 high mucoadhesive and swelling properties 598:638 high mucoadhesive and swelling properties 598:638 The hydrogels were found to be hemocompatible with high mucoadhesive and swelling properties. 27561499 2 10 dep electron 356:363 arg1 scanning 347:354 optical, scanning electron and confocal microscopy 338:387 scanning 347:354 The hydrogels were characterized through optical, scanning electron and confocal microscopy to visualize their internal morphology. 27561499 5 11 theme ATR-FTIR 779:786 arg1 spectroscopy 788:799 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy 779:799 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy 779:799 The standard drug ciprofloxacin was incorporated within the hydrogels and its interaction with the polymers was monitored through XRD and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. 27561499 5 12 theme drug 654:657 arg1 ciprofloxacin 659:671 The standard drug ciprofloxacin 641:671 The standard drug ciprofloxacin 641:671 The standard drug ciprofloxacin was incorporated within the hydrogels and its interaction with the polymers was monitored through XRD and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. 27561499 5 13 theme standard 645:652 arg1 ciprofloxacin 659:671 The standard drug ciprofloxacin 641:671 The standard drug ciprofloxacin 641:671 The standard drug ciprofloxacin was incorporated within the hydrogels and its interaction with the polymers was monitored through XRD and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. 27561499 2 14 theme internal 408:415 arg1 morphology 417:426 their internal morphology 402:426 their internal morphology 402:426 The hydrogels were characterized through optical, scanning electron and confocal microscopy to visualize their internal morphology. 27561499 3 15 theme X-ray 429:433 arg1 diffraction 435:445 X-ray diffraction 429:445 X-ray diffraction 429:445 X-ray diffraction and ATR- FTIR spectroscopy were used for analyzing the chemical interaction between gelatin and CG. 27561499 6 16 theme G4 831:832 arg1 formulation 834:844 the G4 formulation 827:844 the G4 formulation 827:844 In physiological pH 7.4, the G4 formulation showed a linear release profile. 27561499 7 17 theme antimicrobial 883:895 arg1 activity 897:904 The antimicrobial activity 879:904 The antimicrobial activity 879:904 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 8 18 theme negligible 1224:1233 arg1 cytotoxicity 1235:1246 their negligible cytotoxicity 1218:1246 their negligible cytotoxicity 1218:1246 The cytocompatibility of the prepared hydrogels were investigated using normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity. 27561499 4 19 theme mucoadhesive 603:614 arg1 properties 629:638 high mucoadhesive and swelling properties 598:638 high mucoadhesive and swelling properties 598:638 The hydrogels were found to be hemocompatible with high mucoadhesive and swelling properties. 27561499 7 20 theme sp 983:984 arg1 strains 936:942 nosocomial strains 925:942 nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment 925:1095 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 3 21 used used 479:482 arg2 diffraction 435:445 X-ray diffraction 429:445 X-ray diffraction 429:445 X-ray diffraction and ATR- FTIR spectroscopy were used for analyzing the chemical interaction between gelatin and CG. 27561499 3 21 used used 479:482 arg2 spectroscopy 461:472 ATR- FTIR spectroscopy 451:472 ATR- FTIR spectroscopy 451:472 X-ray diffraction and ATR- FTIR spectroscopy were used for analyzing the chemical interaction between gelatin and CG. 27561499 7 22 theme sp 967:968 arg1 strains 936:942 nosocomial strains 925:942 nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment 925:1095 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 3 23 theme ATR- 451:454 arg1 spectroscopy 461:472 ATR- FTIR spectroscopy 451:472 ATR- FTIR spectroscopy 451:472 X-ray diffraction and ATR- FTIR spectroscopy were used for analyzing the chemical interaction between gelatin and CG. 27561499 0 24 theme biocompatible 22:34 arg1 i-Carrageenan 46:58 highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan 15:58 highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan 15:58 Development of highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan based composite hydrogels: In depth physiochemical analysis for biomedical applications. 27561499 8 25 theme prepared 1127:1134 arg1 hydrogels 1136:1144 the prepared hydrogels 1123:1144 the prepared hydrogels 1123:1144 The cytocompatibility of the prepared hydrogels were investigated using normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity. 27561499 7 26 theme coli 1002:1005 arg1 strains 936:942 nosocomial strains 925:942 nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment 925:1095 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 0 27 theme biomedical 124:133 arg1 applications 135:146 biomedical applications 124:146 biomedical applications 124:146 Development of highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan based composite hydrogels: In depth physiochemical analysis for biomedical applications. 27561499 0 28 theme & 44:44 arg1 i-Carrageenan 46:58 highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan 15:58 highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan 15:58 Development of highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan based composite hydrogels: In depth physiochemical analysis for biomedical applications. 27561499 5 29 with interaction 719:729 arg1 polymers 740:747 the polymers 736:747 the polymers 736:747 The standard drug ciprofloxacin was incorporated within the hydrogels and its interaction with the polymers was monitored through XRD and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. 27561499 0 30 theme Gelatin 36:42 arg1 i-Carrageenan 46:58 highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan 15:58 highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan 15:58 Development of highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan based composite hydrogels: In depth physiochemical analysis for biomedical applications. 27561499 8 31 theme hydrogels 1136:1144 arg1 cytocompatibility 1102:1118 The cytocompatibility 1098:1118 The cytocompatibility of the prepared hydrogels 1098:1144 The cytocompatibility of the prepared hydrogels were investigated using normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity. 27561499 0 32 from hydrogels 76:84 arg1 analysis 111:118 depth physiochemical analysis 90:118 depth physiochemical analysis 90:118 Development of highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan based composite hydrogels: In depth physiochemical analysis for biomedical applications. 27561499 1 33 used used 214:217 arg2 gelatin 175:181 gelatin 175:181 gelatin 175:181 In present investigation, gelatin and iota-carrageenan (CG) were used for the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6). 27561499 1 33 used used 214:217 arg2 CG 205:206 CG 205:206 CG 205:206 In present investigation, gelatin and iota-carrageenan (CG) were used for the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6). 27561499 1 33 used used 214:217 arg2 iota-carrageenan 187:202 iota-carrageenan 187:202 iota-carrageenan (CG) 187:207 In present investigation, gelatin and iota-carrageenan (CG) were used for the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6). 27561499 7 34 theme Ciplox 1081:1086 arg1 ointment 1088:1095 the marketed Ciplox ointment 1068:1095 the marketed Ciplox ointment 1068:1095 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 3 35 theme FTIR 456:459 arg1 spectroscopy 461:472 ATR- FTIR spectroscopy 451:472 ATR- FTIR spectroscopy 451:472 X-ray diffraction and ATR- FTIR spectroscopy were used for analyzing the chemical interaction between gelatin and CG. 27561499 6 36 theme physiological 805:817 arg1 pH 819:820 physiological pH 7.4 805:824 physiological pH 7.4 805:824 In physiological pH 7.4, the G4 formulation showed a linear release profile. 27561499 0 37 theme i-Carrageenan 46:58 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan 0:58 Development of highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan based composite hydrogels: In depth physiochemical analysis for biomedical applications. 27561499 4 38 theme swelling 620:627 arg1 properties 629:638 high mucoadhesive and swelling properties 598:638 high mucoadhesive and swelling properties 598:638 The hydrogels were found to be hemocompatible with high mucoadhesive and swelling properties. 27561499 7 39 theme inhibition 1030:1039 arg1 zone 1022:1025 a zone 1020:1025 a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment 1020:1095 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 8 40 theme HaCaT 1177:1181 arg1 lines 1199:1203 normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines 1170:1203 normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity 1170:1246 The cytocompatibility of the prepared hydrogels were investigated using normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity. 27561499 7 41 theme Pseudomonas 971:981 arg1 sp 983:984 Pseudomonas sp 971:984 Pseudomonas sp 971:984 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 8 42 theme normal 1170:1175 arg1 lines 1199:1203 normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines 1170:1203 normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity 1170:1246 The cytocompatibility of the prepared hydrogels were investigated using normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity. 27561499 2 43 theme optical 338:344 arg1 electron 356:363 optical, scanning electron and confocal microscopy 338:387 electron 356:363 The hydrogels were characterized through optical, scanning electron and confocal microscopy to visualize their internal morphology. 27561499 7 44 theme Vibrio 960:965 arg1 sp 967:968 Vibrio sp 960:968 Vibrio sp 960:968 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 1 45 from fabrication 227:237 arg1 G1-G6 289:293 G1-G6 289:293 G1-G6 289:293 In present investigation, gelatin and iota-carrageenan (CG) were used for the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6). 27561499 1 45 from fabrication 227:237 arg1 formulations 275:286 different formulations 265:286 different formulations (G1-G6) 265:294 In present investigation, gelatin and iota-carrageenan (CG) were used for the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6). 27561499 3 46 theme chemical 502:509 arg1 interaction 511:521 the chemical interaction 498:521 the chemical interaction between gelatin and CG 498:544 X-ray diffraction and ATR- FTIR spectroscopy were used for analyzing the chemical interaction between gelatin and CG. 27561499 7 47 theme Bacillus 947:954 arg1 sp 956:957 Bacillus sp 947:957 Bacillus sp 947:957 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 8 48 theme HEK293 1187:1192 arg1 lines 1199:1203 normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines 1170:1203 normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity 1170:1246 The cytocompatibility of the prepared hydrogels were investigated using normal HaCaT and HEK293 cell lines which showed their negligible cytotoxicity. 27561499 6 49 theme release 862:868 arg1 profile 870:876 a linear release profile 853:876 a linear release profile 853:876 In physiological pH 7.4, the G4 formulation showed a linear release profile. 27561499 1 50 theme present 152:158 arg1 investigation 160:172 present investigation 152:172 present investigation 152:172 In present investigation, gelatin and iota-carrageenan (CG) were used for the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6). 27561499 7 51 theme sp 956:957 arg1 strains 936:942 nosocomial strains 925:942 nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment 925:1095 The antimicrobial activity was tested against nosocomial strains of Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli which showed a zone of inhibition between 8.5-20.7mm against the marketed Ciplox ointment. 27561499 0 52 theme composite 66:74 arg1 hydrogels 76:84 composite hydrogels: 66:85 composite hydrogels: In depth physiochemical analysis for biomedical applications 66:146 Development of highly biocompatible Gelatin & i-Carrageenan based composite hydrogels: In depth physiochemical analysis for biomedical applications. 27561499 2 53 theme confocal 369:376 arg1 microscopy 378:387 optical, scanning electron and confocal microscopy 338:387 microscopy 378:387 The hydrogels were characterized through optical, scanning electron and confocal microscopy to visualize their internal morphology. 27561499 1 54 theme composite 242:250 arg1 hydrogels 252:260 composite hydrogels 242:260 composite hydrogels 242:260 In present investigation, gelatin and iota-carrageenan (CG) were used for the fabrication of composite hydrogels in different formulations (G1-G6). 25793273 2 0 theme limiting 570:577 arg1 OLM 589:591 OLM 589:591 OLM 589:591 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 2 0 theme limiting 570:577 arg1 membrane 579:586 the outer limiting membrane 560:586 the outer limiting membrane (OLM) 560:592 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 10 1 theme adherens 1883:1890 arg1 junctions 1892:1900 the adherens junctions 1879:1900 the adherens junctions 1879:1900 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 7 2 theme disease 1435:1441 arg1 severity 1443:1450 disease severity 1435:1450 disease severity 1435:1450 These features underwent very different changes, depending upon the disease-causing mutation, and that these changes are not correlated with disease severity. 25793273 6 3 theme photoreceptor 1172:1184 arg1 degeneration 1186:1197 inherited photoreceptor degeneration 1162:1197 inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1) 1162:1291 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 3 4 theme causes 694:699 arg1 mix 655:657 a mix 653:657 a mix of both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss 653:721 However, this is based on a mix of both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss. 25793273 6 5 theme disease 1225:1231 arg1 severities 1233:1242 disease severities 1225:1242 disease severities 1225:1242 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 1 6 theme the 268:270 arg1 one 261:263 one 261:263 one 261:263 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 1 6 theme the 268:270 arg1 the 268:270 the 268:270 the 268:270 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 2 7 theme proteoglycans 612:624 arg1 deposition 598:607 deposition 598:607 deposition of proteoglycans 598:624 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 2 7 theme proteoglycans 612:624 arg1 loss 539:542 loss 539:542 loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) 539:592 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 10 8 theme OLM 1723:1725 arg1 junctions 1736:1744 The OLM adherens junctions 1719:1744 The OLM adherens junctions 1719:1744 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 1 9 theme photoreceptor 185:197 arg1 loss 199:202 photoreceptor loss 185:202 photoreceptor loss 185:202 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 7 10 theme disease-causing 1362:1376 arg1 mutation 1378:1385 the disease-causing mutation 1358:1385 the disease-causing mutation 1358:1385 These features underwent very different changes, depending upon the disease-causing mutation, and that these changes are not correlated with disease severity. 25793273 2 11 theme integrity 547:555 arg1 deposition 598:607 deposition 598:607 deposition of proteoglycans 598:624 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 2 11 theme integrity 547:555 arg1 loss 539:542 loss 539:542 loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) 539:592 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 3 12 theme photoreceptor 704:716 arg1 loss 718:721 photoreceptor loss 704:721 photoreceptor loss 704:721 However, this is based on a mix of both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss. 25793273 10 13 theme significant 1756:1766 arg1 remodelling 1768:1778 significant remodelling 1756:1778 significant remodelling 1756:1778 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 9 14 theme filament 1698:1705 arg1 expression 1707:1716 intermediate filament expression 1685:1716 intermediate filament expression 1685:1716 CSPG deposition usually, but not always, followed the trends in intermediate filament expression. 25793273 7 15 theme different 1324:1332 arg1 changes 1334:1340 very different changes 1319:1340 very different changes 1319:1340 These features underwent very different changes, depending upon the disease-causing mutation, and that these changes are not correlated with disease severity. 25793273 4 16 from retina 782:787 arg1 studies 756:762 very few longitudinal studies 734:762 very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina 734:787 There are very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina and none comparing these changes across models over time. 25793273 5 17 theme comprehensive 866:878 arg1 assessment 895:904 a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment 864:904 a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia 864:987 Here, we present a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia. 25793273 1 18 theme most 139:142 arg1 disorders 162:170 most inherited retinal disorders 139:170 most inherited retinal disorders 139:170 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 6 19 theme murine 1145:1150 arg1 models 1152:1157 four murine models 1140:1157 four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1) 1140:1291 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 1 20 theme retinal 154:160 arg1 disorders 162:170 most inherited retinal disorders 139:170 most inherited retinal disorders 139:170 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 0 21 from activation 12:21 arg1 response 26:33 response 26:33 response to inherited retinal degeneration 26:67 Müller glia activation in response to inherited retinal degeneration is highly varied and disease-specific. 25793273 10 22 theme rod-Müller 1925:1934 arg1 interactions 1941:1952 the typical rod-Müller glia interactions 1913:1952 the typical rod-Müller glia interactions 1913:1952 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 10 23 theme late 2037:2040 arg1 stage 2042:2046 late stage 2037:2046 late stage of degeneration 2037:2062 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 7 24 dep mutation 1378:1385 arg1 correlated 1419:1428 correlated 1419:1428 are not correlated with disease severity 1411:1450 These features underwent very different changes, depending upon the disease-causing mutation, and that these changes are not correlated with disease severity. 25793273 9 25 from trends 1675:1680 arg1 expression 1707:1716 intermediate filament expression 1685:1716 intermediate filament expression 1685:1716 CSPG deposition usually, but not always, followed the trends in intermediate filament expression. 25793273 2 26 theme gliosis-related 504:518 arg1 changes 520:526 other gliosis-related changes 498:526 other gliosis-related changes 498:526 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 4 27 theme longitudinal 743:754 arg1 studies 756:762 very few longitudinal studies 734:762 very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina 734:787 There are very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina and none comparing these changes across models over time. 25793273 5 28 theme murine 949:954 arg1 retina 956:961 the degenerating murine retina 932:961 the degenerating murine retina 932:961 Here, we present a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia. 25793273 6 29 theme chondroitin 1035:1045 arg1 CSPG 1070:1073 CSPG 1070:1073 CSPG 1070:1073 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 6 29 theme chondroitin 1035:1045 arg1 proteoglycan 1056:1067 chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 1035:1067 chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) 1035:1074 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 0 30 theme Müller 0:5 arg1 activation 12:21 Müller glia activation 0:21 Müller glia activation in response to inherited retinal degeneration 0:67 Müller glia activation in response to inherited retinal degeneration is highly varied and disease-specific. 25793273 5 31 theme features 909:916 arg1 assessment 895:904 a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment 864:904 a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia 864:987 Here, we present a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia. 25793273 6 32 theme vimentin 1022:1029 arg1 levels 1076:1081 Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels 1016:1081 Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels 1016:1081 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 2 33 theme acidic 420:425 arg1 Gfap 436:439 Gfap 436:439 Gfap 436:439 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 2 33 theme acidic 420:425 arg1 protein 427:433 glial fibrilliary acidic protein 402:433 glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) 402:440 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 5 34 theme gliosis 921:927 arg1 features 909:916 features 909:916 features of gliosis 909:927 Here, we present a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia. 25793273 6 35 theme Gfap 1016:1019 arg1 levels 1076:1081 Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels 1016:1081 Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels 1016:1081 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 2 36 theme filament 465:472 arg1 proteins 474:481 other intermediate filament proteins 446:481 other intermediate filament proteins 446:481 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 10 37 theme resulting 1842:1850 arg1 junctions 1852:1860 the resulting junctions 1838:1860 the resulting junctions 1838:1860 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 2 38 theme glial 402:406 arg1 Gfap 436:439 Gfap 436:439 Gfap 436:439 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 2 38 theme glial 402:406 arg1 protein 427:433 glial fibrilliary acidic protein 402:433 glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) 402:440 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 2 39 dep changes 520:526 arg1 including 529:537 including 529:537 including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans 529:624 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 2 40 theme other 446:450 arg1 proteins 474:481 other intermediate filament proteins 446:481 other intermediate filament proteins 446:481 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 0 41 theme inherited 38:46 arg1 degeneration 56:67 inherited retinal degeneration 38:67 inherited retinal degeneration 38:67 Müller glia activation in response to inherited retinal degeneration is highly varied and disease-specific. 25793273 1 42 theme Müller 312:317 arg1 cells 319:323 Müller cells 312:323 Müller cells 312:323 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 6 43 theme outer 1087:1091 arg1 integrity 1117:1125 outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity 1087:1125 outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity 1087:1125 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 10 44 theme Rho-/- 1866:1871 arg1 mice 1873:1876 Rho-/- mice 1866:1876 Rho-/- mice 1866:1876 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 1 45 theme neural 246:251 arg1 retina 253:258 the neural retina 242:258 the neural retina 242:258 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 6 46 dep encompass 1204:1212 arg1 Pde6brd1/rd1 1279:1290 Pde6brd1/rd1 1279:1290 Pde6brd1/rd1 1279:1290 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 6 46 dep encompass 1204:1212 arg1 Rho-/- 1271:1276 Rho-/- 1271:1276 Rho-/- 1271:1276 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 6 46 dep encompass 1204:1212 arg1 Prph2+/Δ307 1258:1268 Prph2+/Δ307 1258:1268 Prph2+/Δ307 1258:1268 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 9 47 theme CSPG 1621:1624 arg1 deposition 1626:1635 CSPG deposition 1621:1635 CSPG deposition 1621:1635 CSPG deposition usually, but not always, followed the trends in intermediate filament expression. 25793273 8 48 theme Prph2+/Δ307 1584:1594 arg1 models 1613:1618 the Prph2+/Δ307 and Pde6brd1/rd1 models 1580:1618 models 1613:1618 Intermediate filament expression did indeed increase with disease progression in Crb1rd8/rd8 and Prph2+/Δ307, but decreased in the Prph2+/Δ307 and Pde6brd1/rd1 models. 25793273 3 49 theme injury-induced 667:680 arg1 causes 694:699 both injury-induced and genetic causes 662:699 both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss 662:721 However, this is based on a mix of both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss. 25793273 8 50 theme Intermediate 1453:1464 arg1 expression 1475:1484 Intermediate filament expression 1453:1484 Intermediate filament expression 1453:1484 Intermediate filament expression did indeed increase with disease progression in Crb1rd8/rd8 and Prph2+/Δ307, but decreased in the Prph2+/Δ307 and Pde6brd1/rd1 models. 25793273 6 51 theme proteoglycan 1056:1067 arg1 levels 1076:1081 Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels 1016:1081 Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels 1016:1081 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 8 52 theme Pde6brd1/rd1 1600:1611 arg1 models 1613:1618 the Prph2+/Δ307 and Pde6brd1/rd1 models 1580:1618 models 1613:1618 Intermediate filament expression did indeed increase with disease progression in Crb1rd8/rd8 and Prph2+/Δ307, but decreased in the Prph2+/Δ307 and Pde6brd1/rd1 models. 25793273 6 53 theme severities 1233:1242 arg1 range 1216:1220 a range 1214:1220 a range of disease severities 1214:1242 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 2 54 theme membrane 579:586 arg1 integrity 547:555 integrity 547:555 integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) 547:592 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 10 55 theme typical 1917:1923 arg1 interactions 1941:1952 the typical rod-Müller glia interactions 1913:1952 the typical rod-Müller glia interactions 1913:1952 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 10 56 theme adherens 1727:1734 arg1 junctions 1736:1744 The OLM adherens junctions 1719:1744 The OLM adherens junctions 1719:1744 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 3 57 theme genetic 686:692 arg1 causes 694:699 both injury-induced and genetic causes 662:699 both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss 662:721 However, this is based on a mix of both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss. 25793273 11 58 theme associated 2115:2124 arg1 processes 2126:2134 its associated processes 2111:2134 its associated processes 2111:2134 Together, these results show that gliosis and its associated processes are variable and disease-dependent. 25793273 6 59 theme OLM 1112:1114 arg1 integrity 1117:1125 outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity 1087:1125 outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity 1087:1125 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 6 60 theme membrane 1102:1109 arg1 integrity 1117:1125 outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity 1087:1125 outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity 1087:1125 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 10 61 theme glia 1936:1939 arg1 interactions 1941:1952 the typical rod-Müller glia interactions 1913:1952 the typical rod-Müller glia interactions 1913:1952 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 1 62 theme concomitant 219:229 arg1 changes 231:237 concomitant changes 219:237 concomitant changes in the neural retina 219:258 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 9 63 theme intermediate 1685:1696 arg1 expression 1707:1716 intermediate filament expression 1685:1716 intermediate filament expression 1685:1716 CSPG deposition usually, but not always, followed the trends in intermediate filament expression. 25793273 6 64 theme degeneration 1186:1197 arg1 models 1152:1157 four murine models 1140:1157 four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1) 1140:1291 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 10 65 theme Pde6brd1/rd1 1968:1979 arg1 model 1981:1985 the Pde6brd1/rd1 model 1964:1985 the Pde6brd1/rd1 model 1964:1985 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 1 66 from changes 231:237 arg1 retina 253:258 the neural retina 242:258 the neural retina 242:258 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 1 67 theme different 116:124 arg1 aetiologies 126:136 different aetiologies 116:136 different aetiologies 116:136 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 2 68 theme outer 564:568 arg1 OLM 589:591 OLM 589:591 OLM 589:591 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 2 68 theme outer 564:568 arg1 membrane 579:586 the outer limiting membrane 560:586 the outer limiting membrane (OLM) 560:592 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 6 69 theme inherited 1162:1170 arg1 degeneration 1186:1197 inherited photoreceptor degeneration 1162:1197 inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1) 1162:1291 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 5 70 theme spatiotemporal 880:893 arg1 assessment 895:904 a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment 864:904 a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia 864:987 Here, we present a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia. 25793273 4 71 from gliosis 767:773 arg1 retina 782:787 the retina 778:787 the retina 778:787 There are very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina and none comparing these changes across models over time. 25793273 1 72 theme inherited 144:152 arg1 disorders 162:170 most inherited retinal disorders 139:170 most inherited retinal disorders 139:170 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 8 73 theme filament 1466:1473 arg1 expression 1475:1484 Intermediate filament expression 1453:1484 Intermediate filament expression 1453:1484 Intermediate filament expression did indeed increase with disease progression in Crb1rd8/rd8 and Prph2+/Δ307, but decreased in the Prph2+/Δ307 and Pde6brd1/rd1 models. 25793273 4 74 from studies 756:762 arg1 retina 782:787 the retina 778:787 the retina 778:787 There are very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina and none comparing these changes across models over time. 25793273 2 75 theme proteins 474:481 arg1 upregulation 386:397 an upregulation 383:397 an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans 383:624 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 10 76 theme Müller 2021:2026 arg1 cells 2028:2032 Müller cells 2021:2032 Müller cells in late stage of degeneration 2021:2062 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 5 77 theme degenerating 936:947 arg1 retina 956:961 the degenerating murine retina 932:961 the degenerating murine retina 932:961 Here, we present a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia. 25793273 6 78 theme sulphate 1047:1054 arg1 CSPG 1070:1073 CSPG 1070:1073 CSPG 1070:1073 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 6 78 theme sulphate 1047:1054 arg1 proteoglycan 1056:1067 chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 1035:1067 chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) 1035:1074 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 2 79 theme other 498:502 arg1 changes 520:526 other gliosis-related changes 498:526 other gliosis-related changes 498:526 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 8 80 theme disease 1511:1517 arg1 progression 1519:1529 disease progression 1511:1529 disease progression 1511:1529 Intermediate filament expression did indeed increase with disease progression in Crb1rd8/rd8 and Prph2+/Δ307, but decreased in the Prph2+/Δ307 and Pde6brd1/rd1 models. 25793273 4 81 theme few 739:741 arg1 studies 756:762 very few longitudinal studies 734:762 very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina 734:787 There are very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina and none comparing these changes across models over time. 25793273 0 82 theme glia 7:10 arg1 activation 12:21 Müller glia activation 0:21 Müller glia activation in response to inherited retinal degeneration 0:67 Müller glia activation in response to inherited retinal degeneration is highly varied and disease-specific. 25793273 3 83 theme loss 718:721 arg1 causes 694:699 both injury-induced and genetic causes 662:699 both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss 662:721 However, this is based on a mix of both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss. 25793273 5 84 from assessment 895:904 arg1 retina 956:961 the degenerating murine retina 932:961 the degenerating murine retina 932:961 Here, we present a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia. 25793273 10 85 from differences 1804:1814 arg1 composition 1823:1833 the composition 1819:1833 the composition of the resulting junctions 1819:1860 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 2 86 theme protein 427:433 arg1 upregulation 386:397 an upregulation 383:397 an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans 383:624 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 10 87 theme junctions 1852:1860 arg1 composition 1823:1833 the composition 1819:1833 the composition of the resulting junctions 1819:1860 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 2 88 theme fibrilliary 408:418 arg1 Gfap 436:439 Gfap 436:439 Gfap 436:439 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 2 88 theme fibrilliary 408:418 arg1 protein 427:433 glial fibrilliary acidic protein 402:433 glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) 402:440 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 1 89 theme reactive 292:299 arg1 gliosis 301:307 reactive gliosis 292:307 reactive gliosis by Müller cells 292:323 Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. 25793273 2 90 theme intermediate 452:463 arg1 proteins 474:481 other intermediate filament proteins 446:481 other intermediate filament proteins 446:481 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25793273 0 91 theme retinal 48:54 arg1 degeneration 56:67 inherited retinal degeneration 38:67 inherited retinal degeneration 38:67 Müller glia activation in response to inherited retinal degeneration is highly varied and disease-specific. 25793273 10 92 from cells 2028:2032 arg1 stage 2042:2046 late stage 2037:2046 late stage of degeneration 2037:2062 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 6 93 theme limiting 1093:1100 arg1 integrity 1117:1125 outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity 1087:1125 outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity 1087:1125 Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). 25793273 5 94 theme Müller 977:982 arg1 glia 984:987 Müller glia 977:987 Müller glia 977:987 Here, we present a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia. 25793273 10 95 theme degeneration 2051:2062 arg1 stage 2042:2046 late stage 2037:2046 late stage of degeneration 2037:2062 The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. 25793273 4 96 theme gliosis 767:773 arg1 studies 756:762 very few longitudinal studies 734:762 very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina 734:787 There are very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina and none comparing these changes across models over time. 25793273 2 97 theme photoreceptor 355:367 arg1 loss 369:372 photoreceptor loss 355:372 photoreceptor loss 355:372 It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. 25934292 4 0 theme human 989:993 arg1 blood 1001:1005 freshly drawn human whole blood 975:1005 freshly drawn human whole blood 975:1005 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 4 1 theme multi-layered 788:800 arg1 coatings 806:813 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings 774:813 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings 774:813 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 5 2 theme antiseptic 1194:1203 arg1 capacity 1205:1212 long-term antiseptic capacity 1184:1212 long-term antiseptic capacity 1184:1212 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system thus offers a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need. 25934292 4 3 theme drawn 983:987 arg1 blood 1001:1005 freshly drawn human whole blood 975:1005 freshly drawn human whole blood 975:1005 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 4 4 theme whole 995:999 arg1 blood 1001:1005 freshly drawn human whole blood 975:1005 freshly drawn human whole blood 975:1005 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 5 5 theme hemocompatibility 1162:1178 arg1 combination 1147:1157 a promising combination 1135:1157 a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need 1135:1247 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system thus offers a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need. 25934292 5 6 theme introduced 1085:1094 arg1 system 1116:1121 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system 1081:1121 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system 1081:1121 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system thus offers a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need. 25934292 5 7 theme clinical 1235:1242 arg1 need 1244:1247 an important clinical need 1222:1247 an important clinical need 1222:1247 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system thus offers a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need. 25934292 1 8 theme antiseptic 278:287 arg1 functionalization 289:305 antiseptic functionalization 278:305 antiseptic functionalization of coatings 278:317 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 4 9 theme antiseptic 832:841 arg1 efficacy 843:850 long term antiseptic efficacy 822:850 long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains 822:914 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 4 10 theme Escherichia 860:870 arg1 strains 908:914 Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains 860:914 Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains 860:914 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 0 11 theme Multilayer 0:9 arg1 coatings 20:27 Multilayer hydrogel coatings 0:27 Multilayer hydrogel coatings 0:27 Multilayer hydrogel coatings to combine hemocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. 25934292 4 12 theme resulting 778:786 arg1 coatings 806:813 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings 774:813 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings 774:813 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 4 13 theme Staphylococcus 881:894 arg1 strains 908:914 Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains 860:914 Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains 860:914 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 2 14 theme antimicrobial 422:434 arg1 properties 436:445 the antimicrobial properties 418:445 the antimicrobial properties 418:445 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 1 15 theme long 188:191 arg1 protection 212:221 long term antimicrobial protection 188:221 long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters 188:245 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 1 16 theme silver-loaded 92:104 arg1 catheters 106:114 silver-loaded catheters 92:114 silver-loaded catheters 92:114 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 1 17 theme term 193:196 arg1 protection 212:221 long term antimicrobial protection 188:221 long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters 188:245 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 0 18 theme hydrogel 11:18 arg1 coatings 20:27 Multilayer hydrogel coatings 0:27 Multilayer hydrogel coatings 0:27 Multilayer hydrogel coatings to combine hemocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. 25934292 3 19 theme antimicrobial 615:627 arg1 activity 629:636 prolonged antimicrobial activity 605:636 prolonged antimicrobial activity 605:636 For prolonged antimicrobial activity, the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers were shielded with silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition. 25934292 1 20 theme antimicrobial 198:210 arg1 protection 212:221 long term antimicrobial protection 188:221 long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters 188:245 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 2 21 theme poly 502:505 arg1 coatings 547:554 anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] 488:558 anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials 488:598 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 4 22 theme term 827:830 arg1 efficacy 843:850 long term antiseptic efficacy 822:850 long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains 822:914 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 2 23 theme anticoagulant 488:500 arg1 poly 502:505 anticoagulant poly 488:505 anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials 488:598 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 2 23 theme anticoagulant 488:500 arg1 glycol 516:521 ethylene glycol 507:521 ethylene glycol 507:521 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 2 23 theme anticoagulant 488:500 arg1 PEG 525:527 PEG 525:527 PEG 525:527 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 1 24 theme coatings 310:317 arg1 functionalization 289:305 antiseptic functionalization 278:305 antiseptic functionalization of coatings 278:317 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 4 25 theme platelet 1034:1041 arg1 activation 1043:1052 platelet activation 1034:1052 platelet activation 1034:1052 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 1 26 dep infections 172:181 arg1 [1 183:184 [1 183:184 [1 183:184 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 5 27 theme long-term 1184:1192 arg1 capacity 1205:1212 long-term antiseptic capacity 1184:1212 long-term antiseptic capacity 1184:1212 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system thus offers a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need. 25934292 5 28 theme multilayer 1105:1114 arg1 system 1116:1121 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system 1081:1121 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system 1081:1121 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system thus offers a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need. 25934292 3 29 theme hydrogel 724:731 arg1 layers 733:738 silver-free hydrogel layers 712:738 silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition 712:771 For prolonged antimicrobial activity, the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers were shielded with silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition. 25934292 3 30 theme prolonged 605:613 arg1 activity 629:636 prolonged antimicrobial activity 605:636 prolonged antimicrobial activity 605:636 For prolonged antimicrobial activity, the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers were shielded with silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition. 25934292 1 31 theme indwelling 226:235 arg1 catheters 237:245 indwelling catheters 226:245 indwelling catheters 226:245 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 2 32 theme polyurethane 577:588 arg1 materials 590:598 thermoplastic polyurethane materials 563:598 thermoplastic polyurethane materials 563:598 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 2 33 theme nanoparticles 457:469 arg1 properties 436:445 the antimicrobial properties 418:445 the antimicrobial properties 418:445 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 3 34 theme silver-containing 643:659 arg1 layers 686:691 the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers 639:691 the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers 639:691 For prolonged antimicrobial activity, the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers were shielded with silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition. 25934292 1 35 theme catheters 237:245 arg1 protection 212:221 long term antimicrobial protection 188:221 long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters 188:245 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 2 36 theme thermoplastic 563:575 arg1 materials 590:598 thermoplastic polyurethane materials 563:598 thermoplastic polyurethane materials 563:598 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 5 37 theme important 1225:1233 arg1 need 1244:1247 an important clinical need 1222:1247 an important clinical need 1222:1247 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system thus offers a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need. 25934292 3 38 theme starPEG-heparin 661:675 arg1 layers 686:691 the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers 639:691 the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers 639:691 For prolonged antimicrobial activity, the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers were shielded with silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition. 25934292 2 39 theme silver 450:455 arg1 nanoparticles 457:469 silver nanoparticles 450:469 silver nanoparticles 450:469 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 0 40 theme antimicrobial 62:74 arg1 activity 76:83 antimicrobial activity 62:83 antimicrobial activity 62:83 Multilayer hydrogel coatings to combine hemocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. 25934292 1 41 theme hemocompatibility 339:355 arg1 characteristics 357:371 their hemocompatibility characteristics 333:371 their hemocompatibility characteristics 333:371 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 3 42 theme silver-free 712:722 arg1 layers 733:738 silver-free hydrogel layers 712:738 silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition 712:771 For prolonged antimicrobial activity, the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers were shielded with silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition. 25934292 5 43 theme hydrogel 1096:1103 arg1 system 1116:1121 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system 1081:1121 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system 1081:1121 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system thus offers a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need. 25934292 1 44 used used 127:130 arg2 catheters 106:114 silver-loaded catheters 92:114 silver-loaded catheters 92:114 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 2 45 theme ethylene 507:514 arg1 poly 502:505 anticoagulant poly 488:505 anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials 488:598 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 2 45 theme ethylene 507:514 arg1 glycol 516:521 ethylene glycol 507:521 ethylene glycol 507:521 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 3 46 theme similar 753:759 arg1 composition 761:771 otherwise similar composition 743:771 otherwise similar composition 743:771 For prolonged antimicrobial activity, the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers were shielded with silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition. 25934292 3 47 theme composition 761:771 arg1 layers 733:738 silver-free hydrogel layers 712:738 silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition 712:771 For prolonged antimicrobial activity, the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers were shielded with silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition. 25934292 4 48 theme gel 802:804 arg1 coatings 806:813 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings 774:813 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings 774:813 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 4 49 dep Escherichia 860:870 arg1 coli 872:875 coli 872:875 coli 872:875 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 2 50 from coatings 547:554 arg1 materials 590:598 thermoplastic polyurethane materials 563:598 thermoplastic polyurethane materials 563:598 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 1 51 theme early-onset 143:153 arg1 infections 172:181 early-onset catheter-related infections 143:181 early-onset catheter-related infections [1] 143:185 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 5 52 theme capacity 1205:1212 arg1 combination 1147:1157 a promising combination 1135:1157 a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need 1135:1247 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system thus offers a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need. 25934292 1 53 theme catheter-related 155:170 arg1 infections 172:181 early-onset catheter-related infections 143:181 early-onset catheter-related infections [1] 143:185 While silver-loaded catheters are widely used to prevent early-onset catheter-related infections [1], long term antimicrobial protection of indwelling catheters remains to be achieved [2] and antiseptic functionalization of coatings often impairs their hemocompatibility characteristics. 25934292 4 54 theme long 822:825 arg1 term 827:830 long term 822:830 long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains 822:914 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 2 55 theme hydrogel 538:545 arg1 coatings 547:554 anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] 488:558 anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials 488:598 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 3 56 theme hydrogel 677:684 arg1 layers 686:691 the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers 639:691 the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers 639:691 For prolonged antimicrobial activity, the silver-containing starPEG-heparin hydrogel layers were shielded with silver-free hydrogel layers of otherwise similar composition. 25934292 4 57 dep Staphylococcus 881:894 arg1 epidermidis 896:906 epidermidis 896:906 epidermidis 896:906 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 25934292 2 58 theme -heparin 529:536 arg1 coatings 547:554 anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] 488:558 anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials 488:598 Therefore, this work aimed to capitalize on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, incorporated in anticoagulant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-heparin hydrogel coatings [3] on thermoplastic polyurethane materials. 25934292 5 59 theme promising 1137:1145 arg1 combination 1147:1157 a promising combination 1135:1157 a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need 1135:1247 The introduced hydrogel multilayer system thus offers a promising combination of hemocompatibility and long-term antiseptic capacity to meet an important clinical need. 25934292 4 60 theme plasmatic 1058:1066 arg1 coagulation 1068:1078 plasmatic coagulation 1058:1078 plasmatic coagulation 1058:1078 The resulting multi-layered gel coatings showed long term antiseptic efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in vitro, and similarly performed well when incubated with freshly drawn human whole blood with respect to hemolysis, platelet activation and plasmatic coagulation. 26152821 4 0 theme Ω 965:965 arg1 resistance 967:976 200 Ω resistance 961:976 200 Ω resistance 961:976 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 4 1 theme units 888:892 arg1 efficiency 846:855 The highest transformation efficiency 819:855 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA 819:913 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 4 2 theme replication 1089:1099 arg1 origins 1078:1084 pMB1 and pAMB origins 1064:1084 pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication 1064:1099 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 4 3 theme ng 1013:1014 arg1 -1 1019:1020 -1 1019:1020 -1 1019:1020 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 4 3 theme ng 1013:1014 arg1 μg 1016:1017 150 ng μg 1009:1017 150 ng μg(-1) 1009:1021 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 0 4 theme Clostridium 95:105 arg1 beijerinckii 107:118 Clostridium beijerinckii 95:118 Clostridium beijerinckii 95:118 Optimized Transformation of Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors into Clostridium beijerinckii. 26152821 4 5 theme colony-forming 873:886 arg1 units 888:892 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units 860:892 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA 860:913 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 5 6 theme putative 1198:1205 arg1 gene 1229:1232 the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene 1194:1232 the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii 1194:1251 The application of the newly constructed vector system was also investigated by introducing the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii. 26152821 1 7 dep Clostridium 437:447 arg1 beijerinckii 449:460 beijerinckii 449:460 beijerinckii 449:460 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 5 8 theme alcohol 1207:1213 arg1 gene 1229:1232 the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene 1194:1232 the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii 1194:1251 The application of the newly constructed vector system was also investigated by introducing the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii. 26152821 5 9 theme vector 1143:1148 arg1 system 1150:1155 the newly constructed vector system 1121:1155 the newly constructed vector system 1121:1155 The application of the newly constructed vector system was also investigated by introducing the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii. 26152821 3 10 theme transformation 743:756 arg1 efficiency 758:767 transformation efficiency 743:767 transformation efficiency 743:767 It was found out that transformation efficiency is highly dependent on the origin of replication. 26152821 4 11 theme pMB1 1064:1067 arg1 origins 1078:1084 pMB1 and pAMB origins 1064:1084 pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication 1064:1099 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 5 12 theme system 1150:1155 arg1 application 1106:1116 The application 1102:1116 The application of the newly constructed vector system 1102:1155 The application of the newly constructed vector system was also investigated by introducing the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii. 26152821 4 13 theme field 945:949 arg1 strength 951:958 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength 931:958 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength 931:958 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 2 14 theme other 655:659 arg1 pKBA411-MCS 671:681 pKBA411-MCS 671:681 pKBA411-MCS 671:681 The transformation condition of pKBM411-MCS, which was optimized by varying resistance, buffer composition, and DNA concentration, was further employed for the transformation of the other plasmids, pKBA411-MCS and pKBE411-MCS into C. beijerinckii. 26152821 2 14 theme other 655:659 arg1 plasmids 661:668 the other plasmids 651:668 the other plasmids 651:668 The transformation condition of pKBM411-MCS, which was optimized by varying resistance, buffer composition, and DNA concentration, was further employed for the transformation of the other plasmids, pKBA411-MCS and pKBE411-MCS into C. beijerinckii. 26152821 2 14 theme other 655:659 arg1 pKBE411-MCS 687:697 pKBE411-MCS 687:697 pKBE411-MCS 687:697 The transformation condition of pKBM411-MCS, which was optimized by varying resistance, buffer composition, and DNA concentration, was further employed for the transformation of the other plasmids, pKBA411-MCS and pKBE411-MCS into C. beijerinckii. 26152821 2 15 theme plasmids 661:668 arg1 transformation 633:646 the transformation 629:646 the transformation of the other plasmids, pKBA411-MCS and pKBE411-MCS into C. beijerinckii 629:718 The transformation condition of pKBM411-MCS, which was optimized by varying resistance, buffer composition, and DNA concentration, was further employed for the transformation of the other plasmids, pKBA411-MCS and pKBE411-MCS into C. beijerinckii. 26152821 2 16 theme transformation 477:490 arg1 condition 492:500 The transformation condition 473:500 The transformation condition of pKBM411-MCS, which was optimized by varying resistance, buffer composition, and DNA concentration, 473:602 The transformation condition of pKBM411-MCS, which was optimized by varying resistance, buffer composition, and DNA concentration, was further employed for the transformation of the other plasmids, pKBA411-MCS and pKBE411-MCS into C. beijerinckii. 26152821 4 17 theme pAMB 1073:1076 arg1 origins 1078:1084 pMB1 and pAMB origins 1064:1084 pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication 1064:1099 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 4 18 theme 200 961:963 arg1 Ω 965:965 Ω 965:965 Ω 965:965 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 4 19 theme sucrose 986:992 arg1 concentration 994:1006 270 mM sucrose concentration 979:1006 270 mM sucrose concentration 979:1006 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 4 20 theme mM 983:984 arg1 concentration 994:1006 270 mM sucrose concentration 979:1006 270 mM sucrose concentration 979:1006 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 0 21 theme coli-Clostridia 58:72 arg1 Vectors 82:88 Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors 28:88 Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors 28:88 Optimized Transformation of Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors into Clostridium beijerinckii. 26152821 4 22 theme 150 1009:1011 arg1 ng 1013:1014 ng 1013:1014 ng 1013:1014 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 1 23 theme Escherichia 127:137 arg1 vectors 163:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors 121:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors 121:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 4 24 theme μg 1032:1033 arg1 DNA 1035:1037 3.0 μg DNA 1028:1037 3.0 μg DNA 1028:1037 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 1 25 theme p15A 229:232 arg1 origins 251:257 p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins 229:257 p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication 229:273 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 26 contain contain 221:227 arg2 origins 251:257 p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins 229:257 p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication 229:273 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 26 contain contain 221:227 arg2 vectors 163:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors 121:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors 121:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 26 contain contain 221:227 arg1 pKBE411-MCS 185:195 pKBE411-MCS 185:195 pKBE411-MCS 185:195 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 26 contain contain 221:227 arg2 pKBA411-MCS 172:182 pKBA411-MCS 172:182 pKBA411-MCS 172:182 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 26 contain contain 221:227 arg2 pKBM411-MCS 202:212 pKBM411-MCS 202:212 pKBM411-MCS 202:212 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 26 contain contain 221:227 arg2 pKBE411-MCS 185:195 pKBE411-MCS 185:195 pKBE411-MCS 185:195 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 26 contain contain 221:227 arg1 vectors 163:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors 121:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors 121:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 26 contain contain 221:227 arg1 pKBM411-MCS 202:212 pKBM411-MCS 202:212 pKBM411-MCS 202:212 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 26 contain contain 221:227 arg1 pKBA411-MCS 172:182 pKBA411-MCS 172:182 pKBA411-MCS 172:182 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 26 contain contain 221:227 arg1 coli 281:284 E. coli 278:284 E. coli 278:284 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 5 27 theme beijerinckii 1240:1251 arg1 gene 1229:1232 the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene 1194:1232 the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii 1194:1251 The application of the newly constructed vector system was also investigated by introducing the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii. 26152821 2 28 theme pKBM411-MCS 505:515 arg1 condition 492:500 The transformation condition 473:500 The transformation condition of pKBM411-MCS, which was optimized by varying resistance, buffer composition, and DNA concentration, 473:602 The transformation condition of pKBM411-MCS, which was optimized by varying resistance, buffer composition, and DNA concentration, was further employed for the transformation of the other plasmids, pKBA411-MCS and pKBE411-MCS into C. beijerinckii. 26152821 3 29 dep found 728:732 arg1 out 734:736 out 734:736 out 734:736 It was found out that transformation efficiency is highly dependent on the origin of replication. 26152821 4 30 theme cm 938:939 arg1 strength 951:958 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength 931:958 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength 931:958 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 4 31 theme kV 935:936 arg1 cm 938:939 5.0 kV cm(-1) 931:943 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength 931:958 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 1 32 theme ColE1 235:239 arg1 origins 251:257 p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins 229:257 p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication 229:273 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 0 33 theme Constructed 34:44 arg1 Vectors 82:88 Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors 28:88 Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors 28:88 Optimized Transformation of Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors into Clostridium beijerinckii. 26152821 4 34 theme 270 979:981 arg1 mM 983:984 mM 983:984 mM 983:984 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 2 35 theme buffer 561:566 arg1 composition 568:578 buffer composition 561:578 buffer composition 561:578 The transformation condition of pKBM411-MCS, which was optimized by varying resistance, buffer composition, and DNA concentration, was further employed for the transformation of the other plasmids, pKBA411-MCS and pKBE411-MCS into C. beijerinckii. 26152821 0 36 theme Shuttle 74:80 arg1 Vectors 82:88 Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors 28:88 Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors 28:88 Optimized Transformation of Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors into Clostridium beijerinckii. 26152821 3 37 theme replication 806:816 arg1 origin 796:801 the origin 792:801 the origin of replication 792:816 It was found out that transformation efficiency is highly dependent on the origin of replication. 26152821 4 38 theme DNA 911:913 arg1 microgram 898:906 microgram 898:906 microgram of DNA 898:913 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 4 39 theme × 865:865 arg1 units 888:892 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units 860:892 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA 860:913 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 1 40 theme shuttle 155:161 arg1 vectors 163:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors 121:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors 121:169 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 41 from replication 332:342 arg1 beijerinckii 350:361 C. beijerinckii 347:361 C. beijerinckii 347:361 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 42 theme pAMB 316:319 arg1 origin 321:326 the pAMB origin 312:326 the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii 312:361 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 43 theme transformation 404:417 arg1 efficiencies 419:430 their transformation efficiencies 398:430 their transformation efficiencies 398:430 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 0 44 dep Constructed 34:44 arg1 Escherichia 46:56 Escherichia 46:56 Escherichia 46:56 Optimized Transformation of Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors into Clostridium beijerinckii. 26152821 5 45 theme dehydrogenase 1215:1227 arg1 gene 1229:1232 the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene 1194:1232 the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii 1194:1251 The application of the newly constructed vector system was also investigated by introducing the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii. 26152821 4 46 contain having 1057:1062 arg2 origins 1078:1084 pMB1 and pAMB origins 1064:1084 pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication 1064:1099 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 4 46 contain having 1057:1062 arg1 pKBM411-MCS 1045:1055 pKBM411-MCS 1045:1055 pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication 1045:1099 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 2 47 theme DNA 585:587 arg1 concentration 589:601 DNA concentration 585:601 DNA concentration 585:601 The transformation condition of pKBM411-MCS, which was optimized by varying resistance, buffer composition, and DNA concentration, was further employed for the transformation of the other plasmids, pKBA411-MCS and pKBE411-MCS into C. beijerinckii. 26152821 4 48 theme 3.0 1028:1030 arg1 μg 1032:1033 μg 1032:1033 μg 1032:1033 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 1 49 theme pMB1 246:249 arg1 origins 251:257 p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins 229:257 p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication 229:273 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 1 50 theme Clostridium 437:447 arg1 NCIMB8052 462:470 Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052 437:470 Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052 437:470 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 4 51 theme transformation 831:844 arg1 efficiency 846:855 The highest transformation efficiency 819:855 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA 819:913 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 1 52 dep Escherichia 127:137 arg1 coli-Clostridia 139:153 coli-Clostridia 139:153 coli-Clostridia 139:153 Three Escherichia coli-Clostridia shuttle vectors, pKBA411-MCS, pKBE411-MCS, and pKBM411-MCS, which contain p15A, ColE1, and pMB1 origins for replication in E. coli, respectively, along with the pAMB origin for replication in C. beijerinckii, were constructed and examined for their transformation efficiencies into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB8052. 26152821 0 53 theme Vectors 82:88 arg1 Transformation 10:23 Transformation 10:23 Transformation of Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors into Clostridium beijerinckii 10:118 Optimized Transformation of Newly Constructed Escherichia coli-Clostridia Shuttle Vectors into Clostridium beijerinckii. 26152821 4 54 theme highest 823:829 arg1 efficiency 846:855 The highest transformation efficiency 819:855 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA 819:913 The highest transformation efficiency of 7.44 × 10(3) colony-forming units per microgram of DNA was obtained at 5.0 kV cm(-1) field strength, 200 Ω resistance, 270 mM sucrose concentration, 150 ng μg(-1), and 3.0 μg DNA using pKBM411-MCS having pMB1 and pAMB origins of replication. 26152821 5 55 theme constructed 1131:1141 arg1 system 1150:1155 the newly constructed vector system 1121:1155 the newly constructed vector system 1121:1155 The application of the newly constructed vector system was also investigated by introducing the putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of C. beijerinckii. 24329897 0 0 theme yellow 93:98 arg1 disease 106:112 mulberry yellow dwarf disease 84:112 mulberry yellow dwarf disease 84:112 Metabolomic analysis reveals the potential metabolites and pathogenesis involved in mulberry yellow dwarf disease. 24329897 8 1 theme response 1447:1454 arg1 mechanisms 1456:1465 their response mechanisms 1441:1465 their response mechanisms 1441:1465 It can be concluded that both the leaf and phloem saps have a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection, but their response mechanisms were different. 24329897 1 2 theme pathogenicity 166:178 arg1 mechanisms 140:149 the molecular mechanisms 126:149 the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity 126:178 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 8 3 theme metabolic 1392:1400 arg1 response 1402:1409 a complicated metabolic response 1378:1409 a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection 1378:1434 It can be concluded that both the leaf and phloem saps have a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection, but their response mechanisms were different. 24329897 0 4 theme mulberry 84:91 arg1 disease 106:112 mulberry yellow dwarf disease 84:112 mulberry yellow dwarf disease 84:112 Metabolomic analysis reveals the potential metabolites and pathogenesis involved in mulberry yellow dwarf disease. 24329897 6 5 theme phloem 1106:1111 arg1 saps 1113:1116 the phloem saps 1102:1116 the phloem saps 1102:1116 Interestingly, our data showed that the contents of H2O2 and superoxide were increased in the infected leaves, but not in the phloem saps. 24329897 1 6 theme phytoplasma 266:276 arg1 infection 278:286 phytoplasma infection 266:286 phytoplasma infection 266:286 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 3 7 theme amino 655:659 arg1 carbohydrates 640:652 carbohydrates 640:652 carbohydrates 640:652 Phytoplasma infection brought about the content changes in various metabolites, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, etc. 24329897 3 7 theme amino 655:659 arg1 acids 661:665 amino acids 655:665 amino acids 655:665 Phytoplasma infection brought about the content changes in various metabolites, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, etc. 24329897 8 8 theme phloem 1361:1366 arg1 saps 1368:1371 both the leaf and phloem saps 1343:1371 saps 1368:1371 It can be concluded that both the leaf and phloem saps have a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection, but their response mechanisms were different. 24329897 5 9 theme phytohormone 958:969 arg1 balance 971:977 phytohormone balance 958:977 phytohormone balance 958:977 In addition, we found that phytoplasma infection changed the levels of abscisic acid and cytokinin and break phytohormone balance. 24329897 0 10 theme dwarf 100:104 arg1 disease 106:112 mulberry yellow dwarf disease 84:112 mulberry yellow dwarf disease 84:112 Metabolomic analysis reveals the potential metabolites and pathogenesis involved in mulberry yellow dwarf disease. 24329897 2 11 from impact 499:504 arg1 metabolome 513:522 the metabolome 509:522 the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf 509:549 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 2 12 contain has 485:487 arg2 impact 499:504 a greater impact 489:504 a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf 489:549 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 2 12 contain has 485:487 arg1 infection 475:483 phytoplasma infection 463:483 phytoplasma infection 463:483 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 2 13 theme metabolite 396:405 arg1 different 448:456 different 448:456 different 448:456 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 2 13 theme metabolite 396:405 arg1 compositions 407:418 the metabolite compositions 392:418 the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap 392:441 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 4 14 dep the 828:830 arg1 leaves 841:846 leaves 841:846 leaves 841:846 Meanwhile, the results of biochemical analysis showed that the degradation of starch was repressed, and the starch content was increased in the infected leaves. 24329897 3 15 theme Phytoplasma 552:562 arg1 infection 564:572 Phytoplasma infection 552:572 Phytoplasma infection 552:572 Phytoplasma infection brought about the content changes in various metabolites, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, etc. 24329897 5 16 theme abscisic 920:927 arg1 acid 929:932 abscisic acid 920:932 abscisic acid 920:932 In addition, we found that phytoplasma infection changed the levels of abscisic acid and cytokinin and break phytohormone balance. 24329897 6 17 theme superoxide 1041:1050 arg1 contents 1020:1027 the contents 1016:1027 the contents of H2O2 and superoxide 1016:1050 Interestingly, our data showed that the contents of H2O2 and superoxide were increased in the infected leaves, but not in the phloem saps. 24329897 7 18 theme expression 1145:1154 arg1 levels 1156:1161 the expression levels 1141:1161 the expression levels of the genes involved in the metabolism of some changed metabolites 1141:1229 Based on the results, the expression levels of the genes involved in the metabolism of some changed metabolites were examined, and the potential molecular mechanisms of these changes were discussed. 24329897 1 19 theme comprehensive 185:197 arg1 changes 211:217 the comprehensive metabolomic changes 181:217 the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection 181:286 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 2 20 theme metabolic 350:358 arg1 profiles 360:367 The metabolic profiles 346:367 The metabolic profiles obtained 346:376 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 1 21 theme metabolomic 199:209 arg1 changes 211:217 the comprehensive metabolomic changes 181:217 the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection 181:286 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 0 22 theme Metabolomic 0:10 arg1 analysis 12:19 Metabolomic analysis 0:19 Metabolomic analysis 0:19 Metabolomic analysis reveals the potential metabolites and pathogenesis involved in mulberry yellow dwarf disease. 24329897 5 23 theme cytokinin 938:946 arg1 levels 910:915 the levels 906:915 the levels of abscisic acid and cytokinin 906:946 In addition, we found that phytoplasma infection changed the levels of abscisic acid and cytokinin and break phytohormone balance. 24329897 2 24 theme leaf 423:426 arg1 different 448:456 different 448:456 different 448:456 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 2 24 theme leaf 423:426 arg1 compositions 407:418 the metabolite compositions 392:418 the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap 392:441 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 4 25 theme starch 766:771 arg1 degradation 751:761 the degradation 747:761 the degradation of starch 747:771 Meanwhile, the results of biochemical analysis showed that the degradation of starch was repressed, and the starch content was increased in the infected leaves. 24329897 7 26 theme molecular 1264:1272 arg1 mechanisms 1274:1283 the potential molecular mechanisms 1250:1283 the potential molecular mechanisms of these changes 1250:1300 Based on the results, the expression levels of the genes involved in the metabolism of some changed metabolites were examined, and the potential molecular mechanisms of these changes were discussed. 24329897 2 27 theme phytoplasma 463:473 arg1 infection 475:483 phytoplasma infection 463:483 phytoplasma infection 463:483 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 1 28 theme gas 308:310 arg1 spectrometry 332:343 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 308:343 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 308:343 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 8 29 theme phytoplasma 1414:1424 arg1 infection 1426:1434 phytoplasma infection 1414:1434 phytoplasma infection 1414:1434 It can be concluded that both the leaf and phloem saps have a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection, but their response mechanisms were different. 24329897 3 30 theme organic 668:674 arg1 carbohydrates 640:652 carbohydrates 640:652 carbohydrates 640:652 Phytoplasma infection brought about the content changes in various metabolites, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, etc. 24329897 3 30 theme organic 668:674 arg1 acids 676:680 organic acids 668:680 organic acids 668:680 Phytoplasma infection brought about the content changes in various metabolites, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, etc. 24329897 3 31 theme content 592:598 arg1 carbohydrates 640:652 carbohydrates 640:652 carbohydrates 640:652 Phytoplasma infection brought about the content changes in various metabolites, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, etc. 24329897 3 31 theme content 592:598 arg1 changes 600:606 the content changes 588:606 the content changes 588:606 Phytoplasma infection brought about the content changes in various metabolites, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, etc. 24329897 1 32 theme mulberry 222:229 arg1 leaf 231:234 mulberry leaf and phloem sap 222:249 leaf 231:234 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 1 33 theme chromatography-mass 312:330 arg1 spectrometry 332:343 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 308:343 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 308:343 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 7 34 theme changed 1211:1217 arg1 metabolites 1219:1229 some changed metabolites 1206:1229 some changed metabolites 1206:1229 Based on the results, the expression levels of the genes involved in the metabolism of some changed metabolites were examined, and the potential molecular mechanisms of these changes were discussed. 24329897 8 35 theme leaf 1352:1355 arg1 saps 1368:1371 both the leaf and phloem saps 1343:1371 saps 1368:1371 It can be concluded that both the leaf and phloem saps have a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection, but their response mechanisms were different. 24329897 1 36 theme leaf 231:234 arg1 changes 211:217 the comprehensive metabolomic changes 181:217 the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection 181:286 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 0 37 theme potential 33:41 arg1 metabolites 43:53 the potential metabolites 29:53 the potential metabolites 29:53 Metabolomic analysis reveals the potential metabolites and pathogenesis involved in mulberry yellow dwarf disease. 24329897 7 38 theme changes 1294:1300 arg1 mechanisms 1274:1283 the potential molecular mechanisms 1250:1283 the potential molecular mechanisms of these changes 1250:1300 Based on the results, the expression levels of the genes involved in the metabolism of some changed metabolites were examined, and the potential molecular mechanisms of these changes were discussed. 24329897 6 39 theme H2O2 1032:1035 arg1 contents 1020:1027 the contents 1016:1027 the contents of H2O2 and superoxide 1016:1050 Interestingly, our data showed that the contents of H2O2 and superoxide were increased in the infected leaves, but not in the phloem saps. 24329897 3 40 theme various 611:617 arg1 metabolites 619:629 various metabolites 611:629 various metabolites 611:629 Phytoplasma infection brought about the content changes in various metabolites, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, etc. 24329897 4 41 theme analysis 726:733 arg1 results 703:709 the results 699:709 the results of biochemical analysis 699:733 Meanwhile, the results of biochemical analysis showed that the degradation of starch was repressed, and the starch content was increased in the infected leaves. 24329897 4 41 theme analysis 726:733 arg1 Meanwhile 688:696 Meanwhile 688:696 Meanwhile 688:696 Meanwhile, the results of biochemical analysis showed that the degradation of starch was repressed, and the starch content was increased in the infected leaves. 24329897 2 42 theme greater 491:497 arg1 impact 499:504 a greater impact 489:504 a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf 489:549 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 4 43 theme biochemical 714:724 arg1 analysis 726:733 biochemical analysis 714:733 biochemical analysis 714:733 Meanwhile, the results of biochemical analysis showed that the degradation of starch was repressed, and the starch content was increased in the infected leaves. 24329897 7 44 theme metabolites 1219:1229 arg1 metabolism 1192:1201 the metabolism 1188:1201 the metabolism of some changed metabolites 1188:1229 Based on the results, the expression levels of the genes involved in the metabolism of some changed metabolites were examined, and the potential molecular mechanisms of these changes were discussed. 24329897 4 45 theme starch 796:801 arg1 content 803:809 the starch content 792:809 the starch content 792:809 Meanwhile, the results of biochemical analysis showed that the degradation of starch was repressed, and the starch content was increased in the infected leaves. 24329897 1 46 theme molecular 130:138 arg1 mechanisms 140:149 the molecular mechanisms 126:149 the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity 126:178 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 6 47 dep infected 1074:1081 arg1 leaves 1083:1088 leaves 1083:1088 leaves 1083:1088 Interestingly, our data showed that the contents of H2O2 and superoxide were increased in the infected leaves, but not in the phloem saps. 24329897 1 48 theme phloem 240:245 arg1 sap 247:249 mulberry leaf and phloem sap 222:249 sap 247:249 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 2 49 dep leaf 423:426 arg1 sap 439:441 sap 439:441 sap 439:441 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 5 50 theme acid 929:932 arg1 levels 910:915 the levels 906:915 the levels of abscisic acid and cytokinin 906:946 In addition, we found that phytoplasma infection changed the levels of abscisic acid and cytokinin and break phytohormone balance. 24329897 3 51 from changes 600:606 arg1 metabolites 619:629 various metabolites 611:629 various metabolites 611:629 Phytoplasma infection brought about the content changes in various metabolites, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, etc. 24329897 1 52 theme sap 247:249 arg1 changes 211:217 the comprehensive metabolomic changes 181:217 the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection 181:286 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 2 53 theme sap 534:536 arg1 metabolome 513:522 the metabolome 509:522 the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf 509:549 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 7 54 theme potential 1254:1262 arg1 mechanisms 1274:1283 the potential molecular mechanisms 1250:1283 the potential molecular mechanisms of these changes 1250:1300 Based on the results, the expression levels of the genes involved in the metabolism of some changed metabolites were examined, and the potential molecular mechanisms of these changes were discussed. 24329897 8 55 theme complicated 1380:1390 arg1 response 1402:1409 a complicated metabolic response 1378:1409 a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection 1378:1434 It can be concluded that both the leaf and phloem saps have a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection, but their response mechanisms were different. 24329897 1 56 from changes 211:217 arg1 response 254:261 response 254:261 response to phytoplasma infection 254:286 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 5 57 theme phytoplasma 876:886 arg1 infection 888:896 phytoplasma infection 876:896 phytoplasma infection 876:896 In addition, we found that phytoplasma infection changed the levels of abscisic acid and cytokinin and break phytohormone balance. 24329897 2 58 theme phloem 432:437 arg1 different 448:456 different 448:456 different 448:456 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 2 58 theme phloem 432:437 arg1 compositions 407:418 the metabolite compositions 392:418 the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap 392:441 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 2 59 theme phloem 527:532 arg1 sap 534:536 phloem sap 527:536 phloem sap 527:536 The metabolic profiles obtained revealed that the metabolite compositions of leaf and phloem sap were different, and phytoplasma infection has a greater impact on the metabolome of phloem sap than of leaf. 24329897 8 60 contain have 1373:1376 arg2 response 1402:1409 a complicated metabolic response 1378:1409 a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection 1378:1434 It can be concluded that both the leaf and phloem saps have a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection, but their response mechanisms were different. 24329897 8 60 contain have 1373:1376 arg1 saps 1368:1371 both the leaf and phloem saps 1343:1371 saps 1368:1371 It can be concluded that both the leaf and phloem saps have a complicated metabolic response to phytoplasma infection, but their response mechanisms were different. 24329897 1 61 theme phytoplasma 154:164 arg1 pathogenicity 166:178 phytoplasma pathogenicity 154:178 phytoplasma pathogenicity 154:178 To analyse the molecular mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, the comprehensive metabolomic changes of mulberry leaf and phloem sap in response to phytoplasma infection were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 24329897 7 62 theme genes 1170:1174 arg1 levels 1156:1161 the expression levels 1141:1161 the expression levels of the genes involved in the metabolism of some changed metabolites 1141:1229 Based on the results, the expression levels of the genes involved in the metabolism of some changed metabolites were examined, and the potential molecular mechanisms of these changes were discussed. 27040944 8 0 theme immunosensor 1396:1407 arg1 applicability 1375:1387 The clinical applicability 1362:1387 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor 1362:1407 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor was also successfully tested directly in UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample). 27040944 5 1 theme bovine 820:825 arg1 UPEC 814:817 UPEC 814:817 UPEC 814:817 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 5 1 theme bovine 820:825 arg1 albumin 833:839 bovine serum albumin 820:839 bovine serum albumin 820:839 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 6 2 theme cyclic 1030:1035 arg1 voltammetry 1037:1047 cyclic voltammetry 1030:1047 cyclic voltammetry 1030:1047 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 4 3 theme aqueous 730:736 arg1 solution 738:745 aqueous solution 730:745 aqueous solution 730:745 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 0 4 theme dye 99:101 arg1 electrode 154:162 thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode 90:162 thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode 90:162 An electrochemical immunosensor for efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli based on thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode. 27040944 8 5 theme urine 1462:1466 arg1 samples 1468:1474 UPEC spiked urine samples 1450:1474 UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample) 1450:1493 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor was also successfully tested directly in UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample). 27040944 8 5 theme urine 1462:1466 arg1 sample 1487:1492 simulated sample 1477:1492 simulated sample 1477:1492 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor was also successfully tested directly in UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample). 27040944 5 6 dep antibody 850:857 arg1 antibody 910:917 tagged secondary antibody 893:917 tagged secondary antibody 893:917 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 4 7 theme carbon 646:651 arg1 Th 681:682 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 664:682 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 664:682 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 4 7 theme carbon 646:651 arg1 electrode 653:661 glassy carbon electrode 639:661 glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) 639:683 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 0 8 theme thionine 90:97 arg1 electrode 154:162 thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode 90:162 thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode 90:162 An electrochemical immunosensor for efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli based on thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode. 27040944 4 9 theme electrochemical 496:510 arg1 immunosensor 512:523 an electrochemical immunosensor 493:523 an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution 493:745 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 6 10 theme mL 1159:1160 arg1 cfu 1147:1149 10(2)-10(9)cfu 1136:1149 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1136:1223 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 2 11 theme High 298:301 arg1 prevalence 303:312 High prevalence 298:312 High prevalence of multi-drug-resistance 298:337 High prevalence of multi-drug-resistance makes it dangerous and difficult to cure. 27040944 4 12 theme glassy 639:644 arg1 Th 681:682 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 664:682 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 664:682 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 4 12 theme glassy 639:644 arg1 electrode 653:661 glassy carbon electrode 639:661 glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) 639:683 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 0 13 theme chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT 115:143 arg1 electrode 154:162 thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode 90:162 thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode 90:162 An electrochemical immunosensor for efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli based on thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode. 27040944 6 14 theme UPEC 1154:1157 arg1 -1 1162:1163 -1 1162:1163 -1 1162:1163 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 6 14 theme UPEC 1154:1157 arg1 mL 1159:1160 UPEC mL 1154:1160 UPEC mL(-1) 1154:1164 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 4 15 from detection 709:717 arg1 solution 738:745 aqueous solution 730:745 aqueous solution 730:745 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 4 16 theme sensitive 699:707 arg1 detection 709:717 quick and sensitive detection 689:717 quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution 689:745 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 0 17 theme immobilized 103:113 arg1 electrode 154:162 thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode 90:162 thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode 90:162 An electrochemical immunosensor for efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli based on thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode. 27040944 8 18 theme UPEC 1450:1453 arg1 samples 1468:1474 UPEC spiked urine samples 1450:1474 UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample) 1450:1493 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor was also successfully tested directly in UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample). 27040944 8 18 theme UPEC 1450:1453 arg1 sample 1487:1492 simulated sample 1477:1492 simulated sample 1477:1492 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor was also successfully tested directly in UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample). 27040944 5 19 theme sequential 785:794 arg1 immobilization 796:809 sequential immobilization 785:809 sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 785:955 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 0 20 theme electrochemical 3:17 arg1 immunosensor 19:30 An electrochemical immunosensor 0:30 An electrochemical immunosensor for efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli 0:79 An electrochemical immunosensor for efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli based on thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode. 27040944 6 21 theme hydrogen 987:994 arg1 reaction 1015:1022 hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction 987:1022 hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer 987:1067 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 6 22 theme log 1205:1207 arg1 } 1219:1219 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1196:1223 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1196:1223 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 6 22 theme log 1205:1207 arg1 cfumL 1209:1213 cfumL(-1) 1209:1217 cfumL(-1) 1209:1217 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 6 23 theme reaction 1015:1022 arg1 2.5mM 978:982 2.5mM 978:982 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer 978:1067 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 6 24 theme cfu 1147:1149 arg1 range 1127:1131 a range 1125:1131 a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1125:1223 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 6 25 theme excellent 1102:1110 arg1 linearity 1112:1120 excellent linearity 1102:1120 excellent linearity 1102:1120 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 3 26 theme early 409:413 arg1 tools 426:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools 381:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools 381:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment and control. 27040944 4 27 theme carbon 594:599 arg1 composite 619:627 functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite 567:627 functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution 567:745 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 6 28 theme { 1204:1204 arg1 } 1219:1219 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1196:1223 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1196:1223 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 6 28 theme { 1204:1204 arg1 cfumL 1209:1213 cfumL(-1) 1209:1217 cfumL(-1) 1209:1217 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 5 29 theme tagged 893:898 arg1 antibody 910:917 tagged secondary antibody 893:917 tagged secondary antibody 893:917 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 3 30 theme effective 450:458 arg1 treatment 460:468 effective treatment 450:468 effective treatment 450:468 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment and control. 27040944 5 31 theme Horse 863:867 arg1 HRP 888:890 HRP 888:890 HRP 888:890 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 5 31 theme Horse 863:867 arg1 UPEC 814:817 UPEC 814:817 UPEC 814:817 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 5 31 theme Horse 863:867 arg1 Peroxidase 876:885 Horse Radish Peroxidase 863:885 Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) 863:891 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 4 32 theme functionalized-multiwalled 567:592 arg1 composite 619:627 functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite 567:627 functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution 567:745 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 7 33 theme other 1280:1284 arg1 Klebsiella 1328:1337 Klebsiella 1328:1337 Klebsiella 1328:1337 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 7 33 theme other 1280:1284 arg1 Shigella 1352:1359 Shigella 1352:1359 Shigella 1352:1359 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 7 33 theme other 1280:1284 arg1 bacteria 1302:1309 other UTI and non-UTI bacteria 1280:1309 other UTI and non-UTI bacteria 1280:1309 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 7 33 theme other 1280:1284 arg1 Proteus 1340:1346 Proteus 1340:1346 Proteus 1340:1346 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 2 34 theme multi-drug-resistance 317:337 arg1 prevalence 303:312 High prevalence 298:312 High prevalence of multi-drug-resistance 298:337 High prevalence of multi-drug-resistance makes it dangerous and difficult to cure. 27040944 7 35 theme UTI 1286:1288 arg1 Klebsiella 1328:1337 Klebsiella 1328:1337 Klebsiella 1328:1337 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 7 35 theme UTI 1286:1288 arg1 Shigella 1352:1359 Shigella 1352:1359 Shigella 1352:1359 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 7 35 theme UTI 1286:1288 arg1 bacteria 1302:1309 other UTI and non-UTI bacteria 1280:1309 other UTI and non-UTI bacteria 1280:1309 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 7 35 theme UTI 1286:1288 arg1 Proteus 1340:1346 Proteus 1340:1346 Proteus 1340:1346 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 3 36 theme quick 399:403 arg1 tools 426:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools 381:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools 381:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment and control. 27040944 6 37 theme peroxide 996:1003 arg1 reaction 1015:1022 hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction 987:1022 hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer 987:1067 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 0 38 theme modified 145:152 arg1 electrode 154:162 thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode 90:162 thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode 90:162 An electrochemical immunosensor for efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli based on thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode. 27040944 6 39 theme phosphate 1052:1060 arg1 buffer 1062:1067 phosphate buffer 1052:1067 phosphate buffer 1052:1067 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 5 40 theme GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit 937:952 arg1 Th 954:955 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 937:955 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 937:955 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 5 41 theme serum 827:831 arg1 UPEC 814:817 UPEC 814:817 UPEC 814:817 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 5 41 theme serum 827:831 arg1 albumin 833:839 bovine serum albumin 820:839 bovine serum albumin 820:839 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 4 42 theme nanotube+chitosan 601:617 arg1 composite 619:627 functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite 567:627 functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution 567:745 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 5 43 from immobilization 796:809 arg1 surface 926:932 the surface 922:932 the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 922:955 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 6 44 theme 7.162μA 1196:1202 arg1 } 1219:1219 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1196:1223 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1196:1223 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 6 44 theme 7.162μA 1196:1202 arg1 cfumL 1209:1213 cfumL(-1) 1209:1217 cfumL(-1) 1209:1217 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 1 45 theme major 210:214 arg1 coli 191:194 Escherichia coli 179:194 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) 165:201 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide. 27040944 1 45 theme major 210:214 arg1 cause 216:220 the major cause 206:220 the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide 206:295 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide. 27040944 4 46 theme quick 689:693 arg1 detection 709:717 quick and sensitive detection 689:717 quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution 689:745 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 0 47 theme efficient 36:44 arg1 detection 46:54 efficient detection 36:54 efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli 36:79 An electrochemical immunosensor for efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli based on thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode. 27040944 4 48 theme @ 680:680 arg1 Th 681:682 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 664:682 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 664:682 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 4 48 theme @ 680:680 arg1 electrode 653:661 glassy carbon electrode 639:661 glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) 639:683 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 1 49 theme million 229:235 arg1 Infections 251:260 150 million Urinary Tract Infections 225:260 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide 225:295 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide. 27040944 1 49 theme million 229:235 arg1 UTI 263:265 UTI 263:265 UTI 263:265 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide. 27040944 3 50 theme diagnostic 415:424 arg1 tools 426:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools 381:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools 381:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment and control. 27040944 8 51 theme simulated 1477:1485 arg1 samples 1468:1474 UPEC spiked urine samples 1450:1474 UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample) 1450:1493 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor was also successfully tested directly in UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample). 27040944 8 51 theme simulated 1477:1485 arg1 sample 1487:1492 simulated sample 1477:1492 simulated sample 1477:1492 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor was also successfully tested directly in UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample). 27040944 6 52 theme reduction 1005:1013 arg1 reaction 1015:1022 hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction 987:1022 hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer 987:1067 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 5 53 theme @ 953:953 arg1 Th 954:955 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 937:955 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 937:955 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 5 54 theme primary 842:848 arg1 UPEC 814:817 UPEC 814:817 UPEC 814:817 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 5 54 theme primary 842:848 arg1 antibody 850:857 primary antibody 842:857 primary antibody 842:857 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 6 55 with cfu 1147:1149 arg1 sensitivity 1181:1191 a current sensitivity 1171:1191 a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1171:1223 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 6 56 theme current 1173:1179 arg1 sensitivity 1181:1191 a current sensitivity 1171:1191 a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1171:1223 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 5 57 theme Th 954:955 arg1 surface 926:932 the surface 922:932 the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 922:955 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 7 58 theme immunosensor 1250:1261 arg1 specificity 1230:1240 The specificity 1226:1240 The specificity of this immunosensor 1226:1261 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 8 59 theme clinical 1366:1373 arg1 applicability 1375:1387 The clinical applicability 1362:1387 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor 1362:1407 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor was also successfully tested directly in UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample). 27040944 7 60 theme non-UTI 1294:1300 arg1 Klebsiella 1328:1337 Klebsiella 1328:1337 Klebsiella 1328:1337 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 7 60 theme non-UTI 1294:1300 arg1 Shigella 1352:1359 Shigella 1352:1359 Shigella 1352:1359 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 7 60 theme non-UTI 1294:1300 arg1 bacteria 1302:1309 other UTI and non-UTI bacteria 1280:1309 other UTI and non-UTI bacteria 1280:1309 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 7 60 theme non-UTI 1294:1300 arg1 Proteus 1340:1346 Proteus 1340:1346 Proteus 1340:1346 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 1 61 theme Urinary 237:243 arg1 Infections 251:260 150 million Urinary Tract Infections 225:260 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide 225:295 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide. 27040944 1 61 theme Urinary 237:243 arg1 UTI 263:265 UTI 263:265 UTI 263:265 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide. 27040944 6 62 theme } 1219:1219 arg1 sensitivity 1181:1191 a current sensitivity 1171:1191 a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1) 1171:1223 When analyzed using 2.5mM of hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, the immunosensor showed excellent linearity in a range of 10(2)-10(9)cfu of UPEC mL(-1) with a current sensitivity of 7.162μA {log(cfumL(-1))}(-1). 27040944 5 63 theme Radish 869:874 arg1 HRP 888:890 HRP 888:890 HRP 888:890 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 5 63 theme Radish 869:874 arg1 UPEC 814:817 UPEC 814:817 UPEC 814:817 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 5 63 theme Radish 869:874 arg1 Peroxidase 876:885 Horse Radish Peroxidase 863:885 Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) 863:891 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 7 64 dep bacteria 1302:1309 arg1 Staphylococcus 1312:1325 other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella 1280:1359 Staphylococcus 1312:1325 The specificity of this immunosensor was tested using other UTI and non-UTI bacteria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella. 27040944 1 65 theme Tract 245:249 arg1 Infections 251:260 150 million Urinary Tract Infections 225:260 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide 225:295 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide. 27040944 1 65 theme Tract 245:249 arg1 UTI 263:265 UTI 263:265 UTI 263:265 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide. 27040944 0 66 theme coli 76:79 arg1 detection 46:54 efficient detection 36:54 efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli 36:79 An electrochemical immunosensor for efficient detection of uropathogenic E. coli based on thionine dye immobilized chitosan/functionalized-MWCNT modified electrode. 27040944 8 67 theme spiked 1455:1460 arg1 samples 1468:1474 UPEC spiked urine samples 1450:1474 UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample) 1450:1493 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor was also successfully tested directly in UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample). 27040944 8 67 theme spiked 1455:1460 arg1 sample 1487:1492 simulated sample 1477:1492 simulated sample 1477:1492 The clinical applicability of the immunosensor was also successfully tested directly in UPEC spiked urine samples (simulated sample). 27040944 5 68 theme secondary 900:908 arg1 antibody 910:917 tagged secondary antibody 893:917 tagged secondary antibody 893:917 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 1 69 theme Infections 251:260 arg1 coli 191:194 Escherichia coli 179:194 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) 165:201 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide. 27040944 1 69 theme Infections 251:260 arg1 cause 216:220 the major cause 206:220 the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide 206:295 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of 150 million Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) reported annually world-wide. 27040944 5 70 theme UPEC 814:817 arg1 immobilization 796:809 sequential immobilization 785:809 sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 785:955 This immunosensor was constructed by sequential immobilization of UPEC, bovine serum albumin, primary antibody and Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) tagged secondary antibody on the surface of GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th. 27040944 4 71 theme thionine 534:541 arg1 Th 548:549 Th 548:549 Th 548:549 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 4 71 theme thionine 534:541 arg1 dye 543:545 thionine dye 534:545 thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution 534:745 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 4 72 theme GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit 664:679 arg1 Th 681:682 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 664:682 GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th 664:682 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 4 72 theme GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit 664:679 arg1 electrode 653:661 glassy carbon electrode 639:661 glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) 639:683 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 4 73 theme UPEC 722:725 arg1 detection 709:717 quick and sensitive detection 689:717 quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution 689:745 We report an electrochemical immunosensor based on thionine dye (Th) immobilized on functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube+chitosan composite coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT-Chit@Th) for quick and sensitive detection of UPEC in aqueous solution. 27040944 3 74 theme simple 391:396 arg1 tools 426:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools 381:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools 381:430 Therefore simple, quick and early diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment and control. 26945735 3 0 theme scanning 635:642 arg1 DSC 657:659 DSC 657:659 DSC 657:659 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 3 0 theme scanning 635:642 arg1 calorimetry 644:654 differential scanning calorimetry 622:654 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 622:660 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 4 1 theme pore 755:758 arg1 sized 760:764 the pore sized 751:764 the pore sized 751:764 The length of SEC was found to be 20-20.5 μm, and the pore sized was 50-135 nm, as measured using SEM. 26945735 4 1 theme pore 755:758 arg1 nm 777:778 50-135 nm 770:778 50-135 nm 770:778 The length of SEC was found to be 20-20.5 μm, and the pore sized was 50-135 nm, as measured using SEM. 26945735 5 2 theme maximum 830:836 arg1 loading 838:844 maximum loading 830:844 maximum loading of the drug 830:856 The studies revealed that maximum loading of the drug was at pH 6.0 (97.2%, with 50 mg mL(-1)). 26945735 1 3 dep composite 259:267 arg1 carboxymethyl 270:282 carboxymethyl 270:282 carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin 270:313 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 0 4 theme oral 98:101 arg1 delivery 109:116 oral drugs delivery 98:116 oral drugs delivery 98:116 Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery. 26945735 7 5 theme bromide 1243:1249 arg1 assay 1257:1261 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 1185:1261 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 1185:1261 In addition, the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells was tested by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the results revealed that PCEC are biocompatible materials. 26945735 3 6 theme electron 514:521 arg1 SEM 535:537 SEM 535:537 SEM 535:537 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 3 6 theme electron 514:521 arg1 microscope 523:532 scanning electron microscope 505:532 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 505:538 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 6 7 from rates 987:991 arg1 PBS 1042:1044 PBS 1042:1044 PBS 1042:1044 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 7 from rates 987:991 arg1 solution 1032:1039 physiological buffer solution 1011:1039 physiological buffer solution (PBS) 1011:1045 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 1 8 theme natural 243:249 arg1 composite 259:267 natural polymer composite 243:267 natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin) 243:314 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 5 9 with % 877:877 arg1 -1 894:895 -1 894:895 -1 894:895 The studies revealed that maximum loading of the drug was at pH 6.0 (97.2%, with 50 mg mL(-1)). 26945735 5 9 with % 877:877 arg1 mL 891:892 50 mg mL 885:892 50 mg mL(-1) 885:896 The studies revealed that maximum loading of the drug was at pH 6.0 (97.2%, with 50 mg mL(-1)). 26945735 6 10 from 7.4 959:961 arg1 pH 944:945 the pH 940:945 the pH from 1.4 to 7.4 940:961 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 1 11 theme polymer 251:257 arg1 composite 259:267 natural polymer composite 243:267 natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin) 243:314 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 7 12 theme -2,5 1218:1221 arg1 assay 1257:1261 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 1185:1261 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 1185:1261 In addition, the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells was tested by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the results revealed that PCEC are biocompatible materials. 26945735 5 13 dep pH 865:866 arg1 % 877:877 97.2% 873:877 97.2% 873:877 The studies revealed that maximum loading of the drug was at pH 6.0 (97.2%, with 50 mg mL(-1)). 26945735 2 14 theme in-vitro 371:378 arg1 investigations 380:393 in-vitro investigations 371:393 in-vitro investigations 371:393 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 0 15 theme drugs 103:107 arg1 delivery 109:116 oral drugs delivery 98:116 oral drugs delivery 98:116 Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery. 26945735 7 16 theme biocompatible 1303:1315 arg1 PCEC 1294:1297 PCEC 1294:1297 PCEC 1294:1297 In addition, the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells was tested by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the results revealed that PCEC are biocompatible materials. 26945735 7 16 theme biocompatible 1303:1315 arg1 materials 1317:1325 biocompatible materials 1303:1325 biocompatible materials 1303:1325 In addition, the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells was tested by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the results revealed that PCEC are biocompatible materials. 26945735 3 17 theme scanning 505:512 arg1 SEM 535:537 SEM 535:537 SEM 535:537 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 3 17 theme scanning 505:512 arg1 microscope 523:532 scanning electron microscope 505:532 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 505:538 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 0 18 theme natural 12:18 arg1 capsules 20:27 Macroporous natural capsules 0:27 Macroporous natural capsules 0:27 Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery. 26945735 1 19 with cellulose 284:292 arg1 epichlorohydrin 299:313 epichlorohydrin 299:313 epichlorohydrin 299:313 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 0 20 theme Macroporous 0:10 arg1 capsules 20:27 Macroporous natural capsules 0:27 Macroporous natural capsules 0:27 Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery. 26945735 3 21 theme thermogravimetric 667:683 arg1 TGA 695:697 TGA 695:697 TGA 695:697 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 3 21 theme thermogravimetric 667:683 arg1 analysis 685:692 thermogravimetric analysis 667:692 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 667:698 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 5 22 theme mg 888:889 arg1 -1 894:895 -1 894:895 -1 894:895 The studies revealed that maximum loading of the drug was at pH 6.0 (97.2%, with 50 mg mL(-1)). 26945735 5 22 theme mg 888:889 arg1 mL 891:892 50 mg mL 885:892 50 mg mL(-1) 885:896 The studies revealed that maximum loading of the drug was at pH 6.0 (97.2%, with 50 mg mL(-1)). 26945735 7 23 theme Caco-2 1158:1163 arg1 cells 1165:1169 Caco-2 cells 1158:1169 Caco-2 cells 1158:1169 In addition, the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells was tested by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the results revealed that PCEC are biocompatible materials. 26945735 8 24 theme clinical 1381:1388 arg1 use 1390:1392 the clinical use 1377:1392 the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers 1377:1417 The overall results encourage further studies on the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers. 26945735 2 25 theme paracetamol 422:432 arg1 delivery 410:417 controlled delivery 399:417 controlled delivery of paracetamol 399:432 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 6 26 theme release 979:985 arg1 rates 987:991 the cumulative release rates 964:991 the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) 964:1045 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 26 theme release 979:985 arg1 times 1064:1068 more than two times 1050:1068 more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) 1050:1104 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 27 theme paracetamol 996:1006 arg1 rates 987:991 the cumulative release rates 964:991 the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) 964:1045 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 27 theme paracetamol 996:1006 arg1 times 1064:1068 more than two times 1050:1068 more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) 1050:1104 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 7 28 theme in-vitro 1124:1131 arg1 toxicity 1133:1140 the in-vitro toxicity 1120:1140 the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells 1120:1169 In addition, the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells was tested by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the results revealed that PCEC are biocompatible materials. 26945735 1 29 theme date 194:197 arg1 palm 199:202 date palm 194:202 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) 194:227 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 1 29 theme date 194:197 arg1 Phoenix 205:211 Phoenix 205:211 Phoenix 205:211 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 8 30 from studies 1366:1372 arg1 use 1390:1392 the clinical use 1377:1392 the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers 1377:1417 The overall results encourage further studies on the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers. 26945735 0 31 from application 83:93 arg1 delivery 109:116 oral drugs delivery 98:116 oral drugs delivery 98:116 Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery. 26945735 7 32 theme PCEC 1145:1148 arg1 toxicity 1133:1140 the in-vitro toxicity 1120:1140 the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells 1120:1169 In addition, the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells was tested by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the results revealed that PCEC are biocompatible materials. 26945735 2 33 theme controlled 399:408 arg1 delivery 410:417 controlled delivery 399:417 controlled delivery of paracetamol 399:432 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 0 34 theme Phoenix 44:50 arg1 spore 67:71 Phoenix dactylifera L. spore 44:71 Phoenix dactylifera L. spore 44:71 Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery. 26945735 1 35 theme cellulose 284:292 arg1 carboxymethyl 270:282 carboxymethyl 270:282 carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin 270:313 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 6 36 theme buffer 1025:1030 arg1 PBS 1042:1044 PBS 1042:1044 PBS 1042:1044 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 36 theme buffer 1025:1030 arg1 solution 1032:1039 physiological buffer solution 1011:1039 physiological buffer solution (PBS) 1011:1045 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 8 37 theme drug 1405:1408 arg1 carriers 1410:1417 drug carriers 1405:1417 drug carriers 1405:1417 The overall results encourage further studies on the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers. 26945735 7 38 theme diphenyltetrazolium 1223:1241 arg1 bromide 1243:1249 diphenyltetrazolium bromide 1223:1249 the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 1185:1261 In addition, the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells was tested by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the results revealed that PCEC are biocompatible materials. 26945735 7 38 theme diphenyltetrazolium 1223:1241 arg1 MTT 1252:1254 MTT 1252:1254 MTT 1252:1254 In addition, the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells was tested by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the results revealed that PCEC are biocompatible materials. 26945735 6 39 theme gastric 1086:1092 arg1 fluid 1094:1098 simulated gastric fluid 1076:1098 simulated gastric fluid (SGF) 1076:1104 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 39 theme gastric 1086:1092 arg1 SGF 1101:1103 SGF 1101:1103 SGF 1101:1103 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 40 theme physiological 1011:1023 arg1 PBS 1042:1044 PBS 1042:1044 PBS 1042:1044 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 40 theme physiological 1011:1023 arg1 solution 1032:1039 physiological buffer solution 1011:1039 physiological buffer solution (PBS) 1011:1045 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 0 41 theme L. 64:65 arg1 spore 67:71 Phoenix dactylifera L. spore 44:71 Phoenix dactylifera L. spore 44:71 Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery. 26945735 6 42 from times 1064:1068 arg1 fluid 1094:1098 simulated gastric fluid 1076:1098 simulated gastric fluid (SGF) 1076:1104 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 42 from times 1064:1068 arg1 SGF 1101:1103 SGF 1101:1103 SGF 1101:1103 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 43 theme simulated 1076:1084 arg1 fluid 1094:1098 simulated gastric fluid 1076:1098 simulated gastric fluid (SGF) 1076:1104 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 43 theme simulated 1076:1084 arg1 SGF 1101:1103 SGF 1101:1103 SGF 1101:1103 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 0 44 from spore 67:71 arg1 delivery 109:116 oral drugs delivery 98:116 oral drugs delivery 98:116 Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery. 26945735 3 45 theme surface 541:547 arg1 BET 555:557 BET 555:557 BET 555:557 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 3 45 theme surface 541:547 arg1 area 549:552 surface area 541:552 surface area (BET) 541:558 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 2 46 theme exine 336:340 arg1 PCEC 352:355 PCEC 352:355 PCEC 352:355 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 2 46 theme exine 336:340 arg1 capsules 342:349 The polymer coated exine capsules 317:349 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) 317:356 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 0 47 theme dactylifera 52:62 arg1 spore 67:71 Phoenix dactylifera L. spore 44:71 Phoenix dactylifera L. spore 44:71 Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery. 26945735 3 48 dep SEC 435:437 arg1 capsules 463:470 loaded capsules 456:470 loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) 456:481 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 3 48 dep SEC 435:437 arg1 PCEC-PAR 473:480 PCEC-PAR 473:480 PCEC-PAR 473:480 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 1 49 theme Macroporous 119:129 arg1 capsules 159:166 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules 119:166 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) 119:172 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 1 49 theme Macroporous 119:129 arg1 SEC 169:171 SEC 169:171 SEC 169:171 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 8 50 theme overall 1332:1338 arg1 results 1340:1346 The overall results 1328:1346 The overall results 1328:1346 The overall results encourage further studies on the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers. 26945735 5 51 theme drug 853:856 arg1 loading 838:844 maximum loading 830:844 maximum loading of the drug 830:856 The studies revealed that maximum loading of the drug was at pH 6.0 (97.2%, with 50 mg mL(-1)). 26945735 1 52 theme natural 131:137 arg1 capsules 159:166 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules 119:166 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) 119:172 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 1 52 theme natural 131:137 arg1 SEC 169:171 SEC 169:171 SEC 169:171 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 8 53 theme PCEC 1397:1400 arg1 use 1390:1392 the clinical use 1377:1392 the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers 1377:1417 The overall results encourage further studies on the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers. 26945735 8 54 theme further 1358:1364 arg1 studies 1366:1372 further studies 1358:1372 further studies on the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers 1358:1417 The overall results encourage further studies on the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers. 26945735 6 55 dep 7.4 959:961 arg1 to 956:957 to 956:957 to 956:957 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 3 56 theme X-ray 597:601 arg1 diffraction 603:613 X-ray diffraction 597:613 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 597:619 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 3 56 theme X-ray 597:601 arg1 XRD 616:618 XRD 616:618 XRD 616:618 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 1 57 dep Phoenix 205:211 arg1 L. 225:226 Phoenix dactylifera L. 205:226 Phoenix dactylifera L. 205:226 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 1 58 theme sporopollenin 139:151 arg1 capsules 159:166 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules 119:166 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) 119:172 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 1 58 theme sporopollenin 139:151 arg1 SEC 169:171 SEC 169:171 SEC 169:171 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 2 59 theme polymer 321:327 arg1 PCEC 352:355 PCEC 352:355 PCEC 352:355 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 2 59 theme polymer 321:327 arg1 capsules 342:349 The polymer coated exine capsules 317:349 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) 317:356 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 2 60 theme coated 329:334 arg1 PCEC 352:355 PCEC 352:355 PCEC 352:355 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 2 60 theme coated 329:334 arg1 capsules 342:349 The polymer coated exine capsules 317:349 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) 317:356 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 4 61 theme SEC 715:717 arg1 length 705:710 The length 701:710 The length of SEC 701:717 The length of SEC was found to be 20-20.5 μm, and the pore sized was 50-135 nm, as measured using SEM. 26945735 4 61 theme SEC 715:717 arg1 μm 743:744 20-20.5 μm 735:744 20-20.5 μm 735:744 The length of SEC was found to be 20-20.5 μm, and the pore sized was 50-135 nm, as measured using SEM. 26945735 2 62 used used 363:366 arg2 PCEC 352:355 PCEC 352:355 PCEC 352:355 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 2 62 used used 363:366 arg2 capsules 342:349 The polymer coated exine capsules 317:349 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) 317:356 The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. 26945735 1 63 theme exine 153:157 arg1 capsules 159:166 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules 119:166 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) 119:172 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 1 63 theme exine 153:157 arg1 SEC 169:171 SEC 169:171 SEC 169:171 Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). 26945735 3 64 theme loaded 456:461 arg1 capsules 463:470 loaded capsules 456:470 loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) 456:481 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 3 64 theme loaded 456:461 arg1 PCEC-PAR 473:480 PCEC-PAR 473:480 PCEC-PAR 473:480 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 3 65 theme differential 622:633 arg1 DSC 657:659 DSC 657:659 DSC 657:659 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 3 65 theme differential 622:633 arg1 calorimetry 644:654 differential scanning calorimetry 622:654 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 622:660 SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 26945735 6 66 theme cumulative 968:977 arg1 rates 987:991 the cumulative release rates 964:991 the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) 964:1045 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26945735 6 66 theme cumulative 968:977 arg1 times 1064:1068 more than two times 1050:1068 more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) 1050:1104 The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). 26130020 0 0 theme antioxidant 77:87 arg1 activity 89:96 antioxidant activity 77:96 antioxidant activity 77:96 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 2 1 from rich 430:433 arg1 compounds 448:456 bioactive compounds 438:456 bioactive compounds 438:456 The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. 26130020 9 2 theme antioxidant 1023:1033 arg1 activities 1057:1066 significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 1011:1066 significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 1011:1066 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 9 3 from compounds 980:988 arg1 oil 945:947 The grape seed oil 930:947 The grape seed oil extracted 930:957 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 9 3 from compounds 980:988 arg1 rich 963:966 rich 963:966 rich 963:966 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 2 4 from compounds 448:456 arg1 rich 430:433 rich 430:433 rich 430:433 The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. 26130020 4 5 theme mass 568:571 arg1 profile 591:597 fatty acid profile 580:597 fatty acid profile 580:597 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 4 5 theme mass 568:571 arg1 yield 573:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 4 5 theme mass 568:571 arg1 composition 618:628 total phenolic composition 603:628 total phenolic composition 603:628 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 9 6 theme anti-inflammatory 1039:1055 arg1 activities 1057:1066 significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 1011:1066 significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 1011:1066 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 4 7 theme fatty 580:584 arg1 profile 591:597 fatty acid profile 580:597 fatty acid profile 580:597 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 4 7 theme fatty 580:584 arg1 yield 573:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 9 8 with acids 1000:1004 arg1 activities 1057:1066 significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 1011:1066 significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 1011:1066 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 1 9 from industries 314:323 arg1 wasted 280:285 wasted 280:285 wasted 280:285 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 9 10 with compounds 980:988 arg1 activities 1057:1066 significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 1011:1066 significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 1011:1066 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 10 11 theme friendly 1175:1182 arg1 techniques 1184:1193 environmentally friendly techniques 1159:1193 environmentally friendly techniques 1159:1193 From these results, added economic value to this agroindustrial residue is proposed using environmentally friendly techniques. 26130020 10 12 theme added 1089:1093 arg1 value 1104:1108 added economic value 1089:1108 added economic value to this agroindustrial residue 1089:1139 From these results, added economic value to this agroindustrial residue is proposed using environmentally friendly techniques. 26130020 9 13 theme phenolic 971:978 arg1 compounds 980:988 phenolic compounds 971:988 phenolic compounds 971:988 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 10 14 theme economic 1095:1102 arg1 value 1104:1108 added economic value 1089:1108 added economic value to this agroindustrial residue 1089:1139 From these results, added economic value to this agroindustrial residue is proposed using environmentally friendly techniques. 26130020 7 15 theme DPPH 831:834 arg1 assays 836:841 ABTS and DPPH assays 822:841 ABTS and DPPH assays 822:841 The antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. 26130020 1 16 theme Grape 170:174 arg1 source 199:204 a rich source 192:204 a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties 192:261 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 1 16 theme Grape 170:174 arg1 by-products 176:186 Grape by-products 170:186 Grape by-products 170:186 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 9 17 theme grape 934:938 arg1 oil 945:947 The grape seed oil 930:947 The grape seed oil extracted 930:957 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 9 17 theme grape 934:938 arg1 rich 963:966 rich 963:966 rich 963:966 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 2 18 theme bioactive 438:446 arg1 compounds 448:456 bioactive compounds 438:456 bioactive compounds 438:456 The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. 26130020 8 19 theme nitrite 897:903 arg1 production 905:914 nitrite production 897:914 nitrite production 897:914 For the anti-inflammatory activity the inhibition of nitrite production was assessed. 26130020 0 20 theme fluid 14:18 arg1 extraction 20:29 Supercritical fluid extraction 0:29 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 0:168 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 9 21 from acids 1000:1004 arg1 oil 945:947 The grape seed oil 930:947 The grape seed oil extracted 930:957 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 9 21 from acids 1000:1004 arg1 rich 963:966 rich 963:966 rich 963:966 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 7 22 theme ABTS 822:825 arg1 assays 836:841 ABTS and DPPH assays 822:841 ABTS and DPPH assays 822:841 The antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. 26130020 0 23 theme Supercritical 0:12 arg1 extraction 20:29 Supercritical fluid extraction 0:29 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 0:168 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 10 24 theme agroindustrial 1118:1131 arg1 residue 1133:1139 this agroindustrial residue 1113:1139 this agroindustrial residue 1113:1139 From these results, added economic value to this agroindustrial residue is proposed using environmentally friendly techniques. 26130020 6 25 theme oil 746:748 arg1 composition 716:726 The phenolic composition 703:726 The phenolic composition of the grape seed oil 703:748 The phenolic composition of the grape seed oil was determined using LC-DAD. 26130020 2 26 theme extraction 388:397 arg1 use 361:363 the use 357:363 the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds 357:456 The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. 26130020 0 27 theme production 124:133 arg1 inhibition 102:111 inhibition 102:111 inhibition of nitrite production 102:133 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 0 27 theme production 124:133 arg1 composition 64:74 extract chemical composition 47:74 extract chemical composition 47:74 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 0 27 theme production 124:133 arg1 activity 89:96 antioxidant activity 77:96 antioxidant activity 77:96 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 6 28 theme seed 741:744 arg1 oil 746:748 the grape seed oil 731:748 the grape seed oil 731:748 The phenolic composition of the grape seed oil was determined using LC-DAD. 26130020 8 29 theme anti-inflammatory 852:868 arg1 activity 870:877 the anti-inflammatory activity 848:877 the anti-inflammatory activity 848:877 For the anti-inflammatory activity the inhibition of nitrite production was assessed. 26130020 1 30 theme rich 194:197 arg1 source 199:204 a rich source 192:204 a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties 192:261 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 1 30 theme rich 194:197 arg1 by-products 176:186 Grape by-products 170:186 Grape by-products 170:186 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 2 31 theme rich 430:433 arg1 extract 422:428 an extract 419:428 an extract rich in bioactive compounds 419:456 The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. 26130020 4 32 theme oil 564:566 arg1 profile 591:597 fatty acid profile 580:597 fatty acid profile 580:597 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 4 32 theme oil 564:566 arg1 yield 573:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 4 32 theme oil 564:566 arg1 composition 618:628 total phenolic composition 603:628 total phenolic composition 603:628 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 0 33 theme nitrite 116:122 arg1 production 124:133 nitrite production 116:133 nitrite production 116:133 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 7 34 theme antioxidant 783:793 arg1 activity 795:802 The antioxidant activity 779:802 The antioxidant activity 779:802 The antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. 26130020 4 35 theme phenolic 609:616 arg1 composition 618:628 total phenolic composition 603:628 total phenolic composition 603:628 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 4 35 theme phenolic 609:616 arg1 yield 573:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 0 36 theme seeds 40:44 arg1 extraction 20:29 Supercritical fluid extraction 0:29 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 0:168 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 1 37 theme juice/wine 292:301 arg1 industries 314:323 juice/wine processing industries 292:323 juice/wine processing industries 292:323 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 0 38 theme LPS-stimulated 138:151 arg1 cells 163:167 LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells 138:167 LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells 138:167 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 0 39 theme grape 34:38 arg1 seeds 40:44 grape seeds 34:44 grape seeds 34:44 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 1 40 theme processing 303:312 arg1 industries 314:323 juice/wine processing industries 292:323 juice/wine processing industries 292:323 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 5 41 theme operational 679:689 arg1 conditions 691:700 operational conditions 679:700 operational conditions 679:700 As a result, 40 °C and 300 bar were selected as operational conditions. 26130020 5 41 theme operational 679:689 arg1 bar 658:660 300 bar 654:660 300 bar 654:660 As a result, 40 °C and 300 bar were selected as operational conditions. 26130020 5 41 theme operational 679:689 arg1 °C 647:648 40 °C 644:648 40 °C 644:648 As a result, 40 °C and 300 bar were selected as operational conditions. 26130020 0 42 from composition 64:74 arg1 cells 163:167 LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells 138:167 LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells 138:167 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 4 43 theme total 603:607 arg1 composition 618:628 total phenolic composition 603:628 total phenolic composition 603:628 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 4 43 theme total 603:607 arg1 yield 573:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 6 44 theme grape 735:739 arg1 oil 746:748 the grape seed oil 731:748 the grape seed oil 731:748 The phenolic composition of the grape seed oil was determined using LC-DAD. 26130020 1 45 theme bioactive 209:217 arg1 compounds 219:227 bioactive compounds 209:227 bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties 209:261 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 0 46 theme extract 47:53 arg1 composition 64:74 extract chemical composition 47:74 extract chemical composition 47:74 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 4 47 theme SFE 522:524 arg1 conditions 526:535 SFE conditions 522:535 SFE conditions 522:535 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 1 48 contain having 229:234 arg1 compounds 219:227 bioactive compounds 209:227 bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties 209:261 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 1 48 contain having 229:234 arg2 properties 252:261 broad medicinal properties 236:261 broad medicinal properties 236:261 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 9 49 theme seed 940:943 arg1 oil 945:947 The grape seed oil 930:947 The grape seed oil extracted 930:957 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 9 49 theme seed 940:943 arg1 rich 963:966 rich 963:966 rich 963:966 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 0 50 theme Raw 153:155 arg1 cells 163:167 LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells 138:167 LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells 138:167 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 9 51 from rich 963:966 arg1 acids 1000:1004 fatty acids 994:1004 fatty acids 994:1004 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 9 51 from rich 963:966 arg1 compounds 980:988 phenolic compounds 971:988 phenolic compounds 971:988 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 0 52 from inhibition 102:111 arg1 cells 163:167 LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells 138:167 LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells 138:167 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 8 53 theme production 905:914 arg1 inhibition 883:892 the inhibition 879:892 the inhibition of nitrite production 879:914 For the anti-inflammatory activity the inhibition of nitrite production was assessed. 26130020 9 54 theme fatty 994:998 arg1 acids 1000:1004 fatty acids 994:1004 fatty acids 994:1004 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 1 55 theme compounds 219:227 arg1 source 199:204 a rich source 192:204 a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties 192:261 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 1 55 theme compounds 219:227 arg1 by-products 176:186 Grape by-products 170:186 Grape by-products 170:186 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 0 56 dep extraction 20:29 arg1 inhibition 102:111 inhibition 102:111 inhibition of nitrite production 102:133 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 0 56 dep extraction 20:29 arg1 composition 64:74 extract chemical composition 47:74 extract chemical composition 47:74 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 0 56 dep extraction 20:29 arg1 activity 89:96 antioxidant activity 77:96 antioxidant activity 77:96 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 6 57 theme phenolic 707:714 arg1 composition 716:726 The phenolic composition 703:726 The phenolic composition of the grape seed oil 703:748 The phenolic composition of the grape seed oil was determined using LC-DAD. 26130020 2 58 theme present 330:336 arg1 study 338:342 The present study 326:342 The present study 326:342 The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. 26130020 4 59 theme acid 586:589 arg1 profile 591:597 fatty acid profile 580:597 fatty acid profile 580:597 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 4 59 theme acid 586:589 arg1 yield 573:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 the oil mass yield 560:577 SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. 26130020 0 60 from activity 89:96 arg1 cells 163:167 LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells 138:167 LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells 138:167 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 2 61 theme fluid 382:386 arg1 SFE 400:402 SFE 400:402 SFE 400:402 The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. 26130020 2 61 theme fluid 382:386 arg1 extraction 388:397 supercritical fluid extraction 368:397 supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) 368:403 The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. 26130020 1 62 theme broad 236:240 arg1 properties 252:261 broad medicinal properties 236:261 broad medicinal properties 236:261 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 26130020 0 63 theme chemical 55:62 arg1 composition 64:74 extract chemical composition 47:74 extract chemical composition 47:74 Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. 26130020 10 64 theme environmentally 1159:1173 arg1 techniques 1184:1193 environmentally friendly techniques 1159:1193 environmentally friendly techniques 1159:1193 From these results, added economic value to this agroindustrial residue is proposed using environmentally friendly techniques. 26130020 2 65 theme supercritical 368:380 arg1 SFE 400:402 SFE 400:402 SFE 400:402 The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. 26130020 2 65 theme supercritical 368:380 arg1 extraction 388:397 supercritical fluid extraction 368:397 supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) 368:403 The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. 26130020 9 66 theme significant 1011:1021 arg1 activities 1057:1066 significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 1011:1066 significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities 1011:1066 The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 26130020 1 67 theme medicinal 242:250 arg1 properties 252:261 broad medicinal properties 236:261 broad medicinal properties 236:261 Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. 29098157 2 0 theme acid 488:491 arg1 profile 493:499 preferred fatty acid profile 472:499 preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste 472:569 The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. 29098157 7 1 theme acids 1442:1446 arg1 share 1363:1367 a significant share 1349:1367 a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2 1349:1471 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 5 2 theme substances 1099:1108 arg1 % 1088:1088 over 20% 1081:1088 over 20% of lipid substances 1081:1108 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 2 theme substances 1099:1108 arg1 substances 1099:1108 lipid substances 1093:1108 lipid substances 1093:1108 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 2 3 theme fatty 482:486 arg1 profile 493:499 preferred fatty acid profile 472:499 preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste 472:569 The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. 29098157 5 4 theme lipid 1093:1097 arg1 substances 1099:1108 lipid substances 1093:1108 lipid substances 1093:1108 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 7 5 theme unsaturated 1424:1434 arg1 C18:0 1413:1417 C18:0 1413:1417 C18:0 1413:1417 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 5 theme unsaturated 1424:1434 arg1 C18:2 1467:1471 C18:2 1467:1471 C18:2 1467:1471 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 5 theme unsaturated 1424:1434 arg1 C16:0 1403:1407 C16:0 1403:1407 C16:0 1403:1407 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 5 theme unsaturated 1424:1434 arg1 C18:1 1457:1461 C18:1 1457:1461 C18:1 1457:1461 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 5 theme unsaturated 1424:1434 arg1 acids 1442:1446 unsaturated fatty acids 1424:1446 unsaturated fatty acids 1424:1446 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 8 6 from efficiency 1486:1495 arg1 biosynthesis 1506:1517 lipid biosynthesis 1500:1517 lipid biosynthesis 1500:1517 The highest efficiency in lipid biosynthesis exceeded 6.3 g L-1. 29098157 1 7 theme fossil 274:279 arg1 fuels 281:285 fossil fuels 274:285 fossil fuels 274:285 The search for efficient oleaginous microorganisms, which can be an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels obtained from oilseed crops, has been going on for many years. 29098157 2 8 theme concurrent 516:525 arg1 utilization 527:537 the concurrent utilization 512:537 the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste 512:569 The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. 29098157 1 9 theme many 351:354 arg1 years 356:360 many years 351:360 many years 351:360 The search for efficient oleaginous microorganisms, which can be an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels obtained from oilseed crops, has been going on for many years. 29098157 9 10 theme acid 1615:1618 arg1 amount 1593:1598 the high amount 1584:1598 the high amount of palmitoleic acid 1584:1618 Kazachstania unispora was able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid. 29098157 9 10 theme acid 1615:1618 arg1 acid 1615:1618 palmitoleic acid 1603:1618 palmitoleic acid 1603:1618 Kazachstania unispora was able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid. 29098157 6 11 theme biodiesel 1309:1317 arg1 production 1295:1304 the production 1291:1304 the production of biodiesel 1291:1317 Fatty acid composition primarily depended on the yeast strain and the carbon source used, and, based on our results, most of the strains met the criteria required for the production of biodiesel. 29098157 5 12 theme various 947:953 arg1 glycerol 993:1000 glycerol 993:1000 glycerol 993:1000 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 12 theme various 947:953 arg1 including lactose 971:987 including lactose 971:987 including lactose 971:987 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 12 theme various 947:953 arg1 sources 962:968 various carbon sources 947:968 various carbon sources 947:968 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 13 theme potato 874:879 arg1 wastewater 881:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 13 theme potato 874:879 arg1 waste 922:926 a starch processing industry waste 893:926 a starch processing industry waste 893:926 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 13 theme potato 874:879 arg1 medium 1017:1022 a suitable medium 1006:1022 a suitable medium 1006:1022 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 14 theme suitable 1008:1015 arg1 wastewater 881:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 14 theme suitable 1008:1015 arg1 medium 1017:1022 a suitable medium 1006:1022 a suitable medium 1006:1022 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 0 15 theme Intracellular 106:118 arg1 Fats 120:123 Intracellular Fats 106:123 Intracellular Fats 106:123 Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources. 29098157 2 16 theme preferred 472:480 arg1 profile 493:499 preferred fatty acid profile 472:499 preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste 472:569 The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. 29098157 6 17 theme yeast 1173:1177 arg1 strain 1179:1184 the yeast strain 1169:1184 the yeast strain 1169:1184 Fatty acid composition primarily depended on the yeast strain and the carbon source used, and, based on our results, most of the strains met the criteria required for the production of biodiesel. 29098157 2 18 theme microorganisms 382:395 arg1 suitability 367:377 The suitability 363:377 The suitability of microorganisms in this regard 363:410 The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. 29098157 5 19 from accumulation 1065:1076 arg1 cells 1117:1121 its cells 1113:1121 its cells 1113:1121 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 7 20 theme saturated 1372:1380 arg1 C18:0 1413:1417 C18:0 1413:1417 C18:0 1413:1417 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 20 theme saturated 1372:1380 arg1 C18:2 1467:1471 C18:2 1467:1471 C18:2 1467:1471 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 20 theme saturated 1372:1380 arg1 C16:0 1403:1407 C16:0 1403:1407 C16:0 1403:1407 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 20 theme saturated 1372:1380 arg1 C18:1 1457:1461 C18:1 1457:1461 C18:1 1457:1461 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 20 theme saturated 1372:1380 arg1 acids 1388:1392 saturated fatty acids 1372:1392 saturated fatty acids 1372:1392 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 5 21 theme processing 902:911 arg1 wastewater 881:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 21 theme processing 902:911 arg1 waste 922:926 a starch processing industry waste 893:926 a starch processing industry waste 893:926 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 7 22 theme fatty 1382:1386 arg1 C18:0 1413:1417 C18:0 1413:1417 C18:0 1413:1417 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 22 theme fatty 1382:1386 arg1 C18:2 1467:1471 C18:2 1467:1471 C18:2 1467:1471 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 22 theme fatty 1382:1386 arg1 C16:0 1403:1407 C16:0 1403:1407 C16:0 1403:1407 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 22 theme fatty 1382:1386 arg1 C18:1 1457:1461 C18:1 1457:1461 C18:1 1457:1461 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 22 theme fatty 1382:1386 arg1 acids 1388:1392 saturated fatty acids 1372:1392 saturated fatty acids 1372:1392 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 5 23 theme industry 913:920 arg1 wastewater 881:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 23 theme industry 913:920 arg1 waste 922:926 a starch processing industry waste 893:926 a starch processing industry waste 893:926 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 8 24 theme highest 1478:1484 arg1 efficiency 1486:1495 The highest efficiency 1474:1495 The highest efficiency in lipid biosynthesis 1474:1517 The highest efficiency in lipid biosynthesis exceeded 6.3 g L-1. 29098157 0 25 theme Deproteinated 128:140 arg1 Wastewater 149:158 Deproteinated Potato Wastewater 128:158 Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources 128:188 Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources. 29098157 9 26 theme Kazachstania 1539:1550 arg1 unispora 1552:1559 Kazachstania unispora 1539:1559 Kazachstania unispora 1539:1559 Kazachstania unispora was able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid. 29098157 1 27 theme efficient 206:214 arg1 microorganisms 227:240 efficient oleaginous microorganisms 206:240 efficient oleaginous microorganisms 206:240 The search for efficient oleaginous microorganisms, which can be an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels obtained from oilseed crops, has been going on for many years. 29098157 8 28 theme lipid 1500:1504 arg1 biosynthesis 1506:1517 lipid biosynthesis 1500:1517 lipid biosynthesis 1500:1517 The highest efficiency in lipid biosynthesis exceeded 6.3 g L-1. 29098157 2 29 theme industrial 554:563 arg1 waste 565:569 energy-rich industrial waste 542:569 energy-rich industrial waste 542:569 The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. 29098157 1 30 theme oleaginous 216:225 arg1 microorganisms 227:240 efficient oleaginous microorganisms 206:240 efficient oleaginous microorganisms 206:240 The search for efficient oleaginous microorganisms, which can be an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels obtained from oilseed crops, has been going on for many years. 29098157 0 31 theme Yeast 50:54 arg1 Characterization 19:34 Characterization 19:34 Characterization 19:34 Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources. 29098157 0 31 theme Yeast 50:54 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources. 29098157 6 32 theme acid 1130:1133 arg1 composition 1135:1145 Fatty acid composition 1124:1145 Fatty acid composition 1124:1145 Fatty acid composition primarily depended on the yeast strain and the carbon source used, and, based on our results, most of the strains met the criteria required for the production of biodiesel. 29098157 2 33 theme energy-rich 542:552 arg1 waste 565:569 energy-rich industrial waste 542:569 energy-rich industrial waste 542:569 The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. 29098157 5 34 theme % 1088:1088 arg1 accumulation 1065:1076 an accumulation 1062:1076 an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells 1062:1121 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 35 theme yeast 1042:1046 arg1 growth 1032:1037 the growth 1028:1037 the growth of yeast 1028:1046 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 0 36 theme Oleaginous 39:48 arg1 Yeast 50:54 Oleaginous Yeast 39:54 Oleaginous Yeast 39:54 Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources. 29098157 1 37 theme oilseed 314:320 arg1 crops 322:326 oilseed crops 314:326 oilseed crops 314:326 The search for efficient oleaginous microorganisms, which can be an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels obtained from oilseed crops, has been going on for many years. 29098157 0 38 theme Potato 142:147 arg1 Wastewater 149:158 Deproteinated Potato Wastewater 128:158 Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources 128:188 Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources. 29098157 3 39 theme kefir 630:634 arg1 strains 642:648 kefir yeast strains 630:648 kefir yeast strains 630:648 In this study, we isolated, characterized, and identified kefir yeast strains using molecular biology techniques. 29098157 7 40 theme significant 1351:1361 arg1 share 1363:1367 a significant share 1349:1367 a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2 1349:1471 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 0 41 theme Different 165:173 arg1 Sources 182:188 Different Carbon Sources 165:188 Different Carbon Sources 165:188 Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources. 29098157 3 42 theme yeast 636:640 arg1 strains 642:648 kefir yeast strains 630:648 kefir yeast strains 630:648 In this study, we isolated, characterized, and identified kefir yeast strains using molecular biology techniques. 29098157 2 43 from suitability 367:377 arg1 regard 405:410 this regard 400:410 this regard 400:410 The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. 29098157 4 44 theme Candida 721:727 arg1 florentina 833:842 florentina 833:842 florentina 833:842 The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. 29098157 4 44 theme Candida 721:727 arg1 inconspicua 729:739 Candida inconspicua 721:739 Candida inconspicua 721:739 The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. 29098157 4 44 theme Candida 721:727 arg1 marxianus 779:787 marxianus 779:787 marxianus 779:787 The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. 29098157 4 44 theme Candida 721:727 arg1 unispora 803:810 unispora 803:810 unispora 803:810 The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. 29098157 4 44 theme Candida 721:727 arg1 isolates 696:703 The yeast isolates 686:703 The yeast isolates identified 686:714 The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. 29098157 4 44 theme Candida 721:727 arg1 Debaryomyces 742:753 Debaryomyces 742:753 Debaryomyces 742:753 The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. 29098157 2 45 theme waste 565:569 arg1 utilization 527:537 the concurrent utilization 512:537 the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste 512:569 The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. 29098157 5 46 theme carbon 955:960 arg1 glycerol 993:1000 glycerol 993:1000 glycerol 993:1000 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 46 theme carbon 955:960 arg1 including lactose 971:987 including lactose 971:987 including lactose 971:987 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 46 theme carbon 955:960 arg1 sources 962:968 various carbon sources 947:968 various carbon sources 947:968 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 0 47 with Wastewater 149:158 arg1 Sources 182:188 Different Carbon Sources 165:188 Different Carbon Sources 165:188 Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources. 29098157 9 48 theme high 1588:1591 arg1 amount 1593:1598 the high amount 1584:1598 the high amount of palmitoleic acid 1584:1618 Kazachstania unispora was able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid. 29098157 9 48 theme high 1588:1591 arg1 acid 1615:1618 palmitoleic acid 1603:1618 palmitoleic acid 1603:1618 Kazachstania unispora was able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid. 29098157 7 49 theme acids 1388:1392 arg1 share 1363:1367 a significant share 1349:1367 a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2 1349:1471 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 6 50 theme Fatty 1124:1128 arg1 composition 1135:1145 Fatty acid composition 1124:1145 Fatty acid composition 1124:1145 Fatty acid composition primarily depended on the yeast strain and the carbon source used, and, based on our results, most of the strains met the criteria required for the production of biodiesel. 29098157 0 51 theme Carbon 175:180 arg1 Sources 182:188 Different Carbon Sources 165:188 Different Carbon Sources 165:188 Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources. 29098157 3 52 theme molecular 656:664 arg1 techniques 674:683 molecular biology techniques 656:683 molecular biology techniques 656:683 In this study, we isolated, characterized, and identified kefir yeast strains using molecular biology techniques. 29098157 9 53 theme palmitoleic 1603:1613 arg1 acid 1615:1618 palmitoleic acid 1603:1618 palmitoleic acid 1603:1618 Kazachstania unispora was able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid. 29098157 3 54 theme biology 666:672 arg1 techniques 674:683 molecular biology techniques 656:683 molecular biology techniques 656:683 In this study, we isolated, characterized, and identified kefir yeast strains using molecular biology techniques. 29098157 5 55 theme deproteinated 860:872 arg1 wastewater 881:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 55 theme deproteinated 860:872 arg1 waste 922:926 a starch processing industry waste 893:926 a starch processing industry waste 893:926 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 55 theme deproteinated 860:872 arg1 medium 1017:1022 a suitable medium 1006:1022 a suitable medium 1006:1022 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 4 56 theme yeast 690:694 arg1 isolates 696:703 The yeast isolates 686:703 The yeast isolates identified 686:714 The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. 29098157 4 56 theme yeast 690:694 arg1 inconspicua 729:739 Candida inconspicua 721:739 Candida inconspicua 721:739 The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. 29098157 5 57 theme starch 895:900 arg1 wastewater 881:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 deproteinated potato wastewater 860:890 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 5 57 theme starch 895:900 arg1 waste 922:926 a starch processing industry waste 893:926 a starch processing industry waste 893:926 We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. 29098157 7 58 theme fatty 1436:1440 arg1 C18:0 1413:1417 C18:0 1413:1417 C18:0 1413:1417 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 58 theme fatty 1436:1440 arg1 C18:2 1467:1471 C18:2 1467:1471 C18:2 1467:1471 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 58 theme fatty 1436:1440 arg1 C16:0 1403:1407 C16:0 1403:1407 C16:0 1403:1407 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 58 theme fatty 1436:1440 arg1 C18:1 1457:1461 C18:1 1457:1461 C18:1 1457:1461 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 7 58 theme fatty 1436:1440 arg1 acids 1442:1446 unsaturated fatty acids 1424:1446 unsaturated fatty acids 1424:1446 In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. 29098157 6 59 theme carbon 1194:1199 arg1 source 1201:1206 the carbon source 1190:1206 the carbon source 1190:1206 Fatty acid composition primarily depended on the yeast strain and the carbon source used, and, based on our results, most of the strains met the criteria required for the production of biodiesel. 27754980 8 0 theme microenvironment 1664:1679 arg1 properties 1681:1690 microenvironment properties 1664:1690 microenvironment properties 1664:1690 We envision this technology will provide a platform to create complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties. 27754980 1 1 theme multiple 147:154 arg1 types 161:165 multiple cell types 147:165 multiple cell types 147:165 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 1 1 theme multiple 147:154 arg1 composition 204:214 variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 168:214 variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 168:214 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 1 2 theme cell-defined 230:241 arg1 gradients 243:251 cell-defined gradients 230:251 cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste 230:299 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 0 3 theme environment 60:70 arg1 analysis 39:46 analysis 39:46 analysis of cellular environment and response 39:83 Development of TRACER: tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response. 27754980 3 4 from microenvironments 801:817 arg1 populations 775:785 different cell populations 760:785 different cell populations from specific microenvironments 760:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 1 5 theme cell 156:159 arg1 types 161:165 multiple cell types 147:165 multiple cell types 147:165 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 1 5 theme cell 156:159 arg1 composition 204:214 variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 168:214 variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 168:214 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 7 6 theme small 1260:1264 arg1 gradients 1275:1283 small molecule gradients 1260:1283 small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate 1260:1306 Finally, we confirm that TRACERs replicate small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate, and explore cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 27754980 7 7 theme PCR 1428:1430 arg1 analysis 1432:1439 quantitative PCR analysis 1415:1439 quantitative PCR analysis 1415:1439 Finally, we confirm that TRACERs replicate small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate, and explore cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 27754980 2 8 theme culture 325:331 arg1 systems 333:339 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems 302:339 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features 302:380 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features often fail to incorporate design strategies to facilitate efficient data collection and stratification. 27754980 4 9 dep materials 841:849 arg1 selection 851:859 selection 851:859 selection 851:859 Here we describe the materials selection and development of TRACER. 27754980 4 9 dep materials 841:849 arg1 materials 841:849 the materials selection and development 837:875 the materials selection and development of TRACER 837:885 Here we describe the materials selection and development of TRACER. 27754980 4 9 dep materials 841:849 arg1 development 865:875 development 865:875 development 865:875 Here we describe the materials selection and development of TRACER. 27754980 6 10 theme analysis 1199:1206 arg1 methods 1208:1214 multiple established analysis methods 1178:1214 multiple established analysis methods 1178:1214 We explore ECM remodeling and long-term cell growth in the scaffold, and characterize the tumour microenvironment in assembled TRACERs using multiple established analysis methods. 27754980 0 11 theme response 76:83 arg1 analysis 39:46 analysis 39:46 analysis of cellular environment and response 39:83 Development of TRACER: tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response. 27754980 3 12 theme response 543:550 arg1 analysis 506:513 analysis 506:513 analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) 506:559 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 1 13 theme small 256:260 arg1 molecules 262:270 small molecules 256:270 small molecules 256:270 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 3 14 theme data 750:753 arg1 stratification 732:745 stratification 732:745 stratification 732:745 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 3 14 theme data 750:753 arg1 separation 717:726 cellular separation 708:726 cellular separation 708:726 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 4 15 theme TRACER 880:885 arg1 selection 851:859 selection 851:859 selection 851:859 Here we describe the materials selection and development of TRACER. 27754980 4 15 theme TRACER 880:885 arg1 materials 841:849 the materials selection and development 837:875 the materials selection and development of TRACER 837:885 Here we describe the materials selection and development of TRACER. 27754980 4 15 theme TRACER 880:885 arg1 development 865:875 development 865:875 development 865:875 Here we describe the materials selection and development of TRACER. 27754980 7 16 theme confocal 1374:1381 arg1 microscopy 1383:1392 confocal microscopy 1374:1392 confocal microscopy 1374:1392 Finally, we confirm that TRACERs replicate small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate, and explore cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 27754980 3 17 theme cellular 518:525 arg1 environment 527:537 cellular environment 518:537 cellular environment 518:537 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 5 18 theme cellulose 901:909 arg1 scaffolding 917:927 cellulose fibre scaffolding 901:927 cellulose fibre scaffolding 901:927 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 5 18 theme cellulose 901:909 arg1 support 941:947 an ideal support 932:947 an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 932:1034 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 7 19 theme flow 1395:1398 arg1 cytometry 1400:1408 flow cytometry 1395:1408 flow cytometry 1395:1408 Finally, we confirm that TRACERs replicate small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate, and explore cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 27754980 3 20 from separation 717:726 arg1 populations 775:785 different cell populations 760:785 different cell populations from specific microenvironments 760:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 5 21 theme ideal 935:939 arg1 scaffolding 917:927 cellulose fibre scaffolding 901:927 cellulose fibre scaffolding 901:927 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 5 21 theme ideal 935:939 arg1 support 941:947 an ideal support 932:947 an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 932:1034 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 6 22 theme ECM 1048:1050 arg1 remodeling 1052:1061 ECM remodeling 1048:1061 ECM remodeling 1048:1061 We explore ECM remodeling and long-term cell growth in the scaffold, and characterize the tumour microenvironment in assembled TRACERs using multiple established analysis methods. 27754980 8 23 from therapy 1641:1647 arg1 relation 1652:1659 relation 1652:1659 relation to microenvironment properties 1652:1690 We envision this technology will provide a platform to create complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties. 27754980 3 24 theme environment 527:537 arg1 analysis 506:513 analysis 506:513 analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) 506:559 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 6 25 theme tumour 1127:1132 arg1 microenvironment 1134:1149 the tumour microenvironment 1123:1149 the tumour microenvironment 1123:1149 We explore ECM remodeling and long-term cell growth in the scaffold, and characterize the tumour microenvironment in assembled TRACERs using multiple established analysis methods. 27754980 8 26 theme response 1629:1636 arg1 analysis 1598:1605 snapshot analysis 1589:1605 snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties 1589:1690 We envision this technology will provide a platform to create complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties. 27754980 3 27 theme cell 770:773 arg1 populations 775:785 different cell populations 760:785 different cell populations from specific microenvironments 760:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 2 28 dep in 311:312 arg1 vitro 314:318 vitro 314:318 vitro 314:318 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features often fail to incorporate design strategies to facilitate efficient data collection and stratification. 27754980 8 29 theme snapshot 1589:1596 arg1 analysis 1598:1605 snapshot analysis 1589:1605 snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties 1589:1690 We envision this technology will provide a platform to create complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties. 27754980 1 30 theme variable 168:175 arg1 composition 204:214 variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 168:214 variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 168:214 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 1 30 theme variable 168:175 arg1 types 161:165 multiple cell types 147:165 multiple cell types 147:165 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 3 31 from stratification 732:745 arg1 populations 775:785 different cell populations 760:785 different cell populations from specific microenvironments 760:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 1 32 theme molecules 262:270 arg1 gradients 243:251 cell-defined gradients 230:251 cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste 230:299 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 3 33 from populations 775:785 arg1 stratification 732:745 stratification 732:745 stratification 732:745 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 3 33 from populations 775:785 arg1 separation 717:726 cellular separation 708:726 cellular separation 708:726 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 3 33 from populations 775:785 arg1 data 750:753 data 750:753 data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments 750:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 1 34 theme extracellular 177:189 arg1 ECM 199:201 ECM 199:201 ECM 199:201 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 1 34 theme extracellular 177:189 arg1 matrix 191:196 extracellular matrix 177:196 variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 168:214 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 8 35 theme phenotype 1615:1623 arg1 analysis 1598:1605 snapshot analysis 1589:1605 snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties 1589:1690 We envision this technology will provide a platform to create complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties. 27754980 5 36 theme tissue 961:966 arg1 constructs 968:977 tissue constructs 961:977 tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 961:1034 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 5 37 theme homogenous 986:995 arg1 properties 1025:1034 homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 986:1034 homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 986:1034 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 1 38 theme matrix 191:196 arg1 composition 204:214 variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 168:214 variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 168:214 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 1 38 theme matrix 191:196 arg1 types 161:165 multiple cell types 147:165 multiple cell types 147:165 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 2 39 theme design 408:413 arg1 strategies 415:424 design strategies 408:424 design strategies 408:424 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features often fail to incorporate design strategies to facilitate efficient data collection and stratification. 27754980 1 40 theme oxygen 273:278 arg1 gradients 243:251 cell-defined gradients 230:251 cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste 230:299 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 5 41 theme consistent 1014:1023 arg1 properties 1025:1034 homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 986:1034 homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 986:1034 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 3 42 theme cell-defined 633:644 arg1 microenvironments 668:684 cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments 633:684 cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments 633:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 1 43 theme tumour 90:95 arg1 heterogeneous 117:129 heterogeneous 117:129 heterogeneous 117:129 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 1 43 theme tumour 90:95 arg1 microenvironment 97:112 The tumour microenvironment 86:112 The tumour microenvironment 86:112 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 5 44 contain having 979:984 arg2 properties 1025:1034 homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 986:1034 homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 986:1034 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 5 44 contain having 979:984 arg1 constructs 968:977 tissue constructs 961:977 tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 961:1034 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 3 45 dep layered 593:599 arg1 three-dimensional 602:618 three-dimensional 602:618 three-dimensional 602:618 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 3 46 theme different 760:768 arg1 populations 775:785 different cell populations 760:785 different cell populations from specific microenvironments 760:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 6 47 theme multiple 1178:1185 arg1 methods 1208:1214 multiple established analysis methods 1178:1214 multiple established analysis methods 1178:1214 We explore ECM remodeling and long-term cell growth in the scaffold, and characterize the tumour microenvironment in assembled TRACERs using multiple established analysis methods. 27754980 1 48 contain contains 221:228 arg1 heterogeneous 117:129 heterogeneous 117:129 heterogeneous 117:129 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 1 48 contain contains 221:228 arg1 microenvironment 97:112 The tumour microenvironment 86:112 The tumour microenvironment 86:112 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 1 48 contain contains 221:228 arg2 gradients 243:251 cell-defined gradients 230:251 cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste 230:299 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 5 49 theme fibre 911:915 arg1 scaffolding 917:927 cellulose fibre scaffolding 901:927 cellulose fibre scaffolding 901:927 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 5 49 theme fibre 911:915 arg1 support 941:947 an ideal support 932:947 an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 932:1034 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 0 50 theme tissue 23:28 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of TRACER: tissue 0:28 Development of TRACER: tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response. 27754980 1 51 theme nutrients 281:289 arg1 gradients 243:251 cell-defined gradients 230:251 cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste 230:299 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 8 52 theme controlled 1517:1526 arg1 microenvironments 1535:1551 complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments 1504:1551 complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties 1504:1690 We envision this technology will provide a platform to create complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties. 27754980 3 53 theme specific 792:799 arg1 microenvironments 801:817 specific microenvironments 792:817 specific microenvironments 792:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 2 54 theme data 450:453 arg1 collection 455:464 efficient data collection 440:464 efficient data collection 440:464 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features often fail to incorporate design strategies to facilitate efficient data collection and stratification. 27754980 8 55 theme cell 1610:1613 arg1 phenotype 1615:1623 cell phenotype 1610:1623 cell phenotype 1610:1623 We envision this technology will provide a platform to create complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties. 27754980 2 56 theme cell 320:323 arg1 systems 333:339 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems 302:339 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features 302:380 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features often fail to incorporate design strategies to facilitate efficient data collection and stratification. 27754980 2 57 theme efficient 440:448 arg1 collection 455:464 efficient data collection 440:464 efficient data collection 440:464 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features often fail to incorporate design strategies to facilitate efficient data collection and stratification. 27754980 1 58 theme waste 295:299 arg1 gradients 243:251 cell-defined gradients 230:251 cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste 230:299 The tumour microenvironment is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, variable extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and contains cell-defined gradients of small molecules, oxygen, nutrients and waste. 27754980 7 59 theme glucose 1288:1294 arg1 gradients 1275:1283 small molecule gradients 1260:1283 small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate 1260:1306 Finally, we confirm that TRACERs replicate small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate, and explore cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 27754980 3 60 theme novel 566:570 arg1 strategy 572:579 a novel strategy 564:579 a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments 564:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 3 60 theme novel 566:570 arg1 roll 497:500 The tissue roll 486:500 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) 486:559 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 3 61 theme tissue 490:495 arg1 strategy 572:579 a novel strategy 564:579 a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments 564:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 3 61 theme tissue 490:495 arg1 roll 497:500 The tissue roll 486:500 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) 486:559 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 8 62 theme complex 1504:1510 arg1 microenvironments 1535:1551 complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments 1504:1551 complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties 1504:1690 We envision this technology will provide a platform to create complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties. 27754980 3 63 theme layered 593:599 arg1 tumours 620:626 layered, three-dimensional tumours 593:626 layered, three-dimensional tumours 593:626 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 8 64 theme tumour 1528:1533 arg1 microenvironments 1535:1551 complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments 1504:1551 complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties 1504:1690 We envision this technology will provide a platform to create complex, yet controlled tumour microenvironments that can be easily disassembled for snapshot analysis of cell phenotype and response to therapy in relation to microenvironment properties. 27754980 7 65 theme quantitative 1415:1426 arg1 analysis 1432:1439 quantitative PCR analysis 1415:1439 quantitative PCR analysis 1415:1439 Finally, we confirm that TRACERs replicate small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate, and explore cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 27754980 2 66 theme in 311:312 arg1 systems 333:339 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems 302:339 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features 302:380 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features often fail to incorporate design strategies to facilitate efficient data collection and stratification. 27754980 6 67 theme cell 1077:1080 arg1 growth 1082:1087 long-term cell growth 1067:1087 long-term cell growth 1067:1087 We explore ECM remodeling and long-term cell growth in the scaffold, and characterize the tumour microenvironment in assembled TRACERs using multiple established analysis methods. 27754980 5 68 theme seeding 1002:1008 arg1 properties 1025:1034 homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 986:1034 homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties 986:1034 We find that cellulose fibre scaffolding is an ideal support to generate tissue constructs having homogenous cell seeding and consistent properties. 27754980 2 69 theme Emerging 302:309 arg1 systems 333:339 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems 302:339 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features 302:380 Emerging in vitro cell culture systems that attempt to replicate these features often fail to incorporate design strategies to facilitate efficient data collection and stratification. 27754980 6 70 theme established 1187:1197 arg1 methods 1208:1214 multiple established analysis methods 1178:1214 multiple established analysis methods 1178:1214 We explore ECM remodeling and long-term cell growth in the scaffold, and characterize the tumour microenvironment in assembled TRACERs using multiple established analysis methods. 27754980 6 71 theme long-term 1067:1075 arg1 growth 1082:1087 long-term cell growth 1067:1087 long-term cell growth 1067:1087 We explore ECM remodeling and long-term cell growth in the scaffold, and characterize the tumour microenvironment in assembled TRACERs using multiple established analysis methods. 27754980 0 72 theme cellular 51:58 arg1 environment 60:70 cellular environment 51:70 cellular environment 51:70 Development of TRACER: tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response. 27754980 3 73 theme heterogeneous 654:666 arg1 microenvironments 668:684 cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments 633:684 cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments 633:817 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 6 74 theme assembled 1154:1162 arg1 TRACERs 1164:1170 assembled TRACERs 1154:1170 assembled TRACERs using multiple established analysis methods 1154:1214 We explore ECM remodeling and long-term cell growth in the scaffold, and characterize the tumour microenvironment in assembled TRACERs using multiple established analysis methods. 27754980 3 75 dep cell-defined 633:644 arg1 graded 647:652 graded 647:652 graded 647:652 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 3 76 theme cellular 708:715 arg1 separation 717:726 cellular separation 708:726 cellular separation 708:726 The tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response (TRACER) is a novel strategy to assemble layered, three-dimensional tumours with cell-defined, graded heterogeneous microenvironments that also facilitates cellular separation and stratification of data from different cell populations from specific microenvironments. 27754980 0 77 theme TRACER 15:20 arg1 tissue 23:28 TRACER: tissue 15:28 TRACER: tissue 15:28 Development of TRACER: tissue roll for analysis of cellular environment and response. 27754980 7 78 theme cell 1321:1324 arg1 phenotype 1326:1334 cell phenotype 1321:1334 cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis 1321:1439 Finally, we confirm that TRACERs replicate small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate, and explore cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 27754980 7 79 theme lactate 1300:1306 arg1 gradients 1275:1283 small molecule gradients 1260:1283 small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate 1260:1306 Finally, we confirm that TRACERs replicate small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate, and explore cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 27754980 7 80 theme molecule 1266:1273 arg1 gradients 1275:1283 small molecule gradients 1260:1283 small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate 1260:1306 Finally, we confirm that TRACERs replicate small molecule gradients of glucose and lactate, and explore cell phenotype associated with these gradients using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR analysis. 24944337 19 0 theme  = DSM 1440:1445 arg1 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 0 theme  = DSM 1440:1445 arg1 63631 1463:1467  = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631 1440:1467  = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T) 1440:1470 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 3 1 theme melliventris 111:122 arg1 nov. 91:94 nov. 91:94 nov. 91:94 nov., Lactobacillus melliventris sp. 24944337 3 1 theme melliventris 111:122 arg1 sp 124:125 Lactobacillus melliventris sp 97:125 Lactobacillus melliventris sp 97:125 nov., Lactobacillus melliventris sp. 24944337 18 2 dep sp 1087:1088 arg1 kullabergensis 1072:1085 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 1049:1085 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 1049:1085 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis sp. 24944337 19 3 theme T 1212:1212 arg1 63287 1195:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287 1172:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)) 1172:1203 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 3 theme T 1212:1212 arg1 T 1245:1245 T 1245:1245 T 1245:1245 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 3 theme T 1212:1212 arg1 63291 1239:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291 1206:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T) 1206:1246 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 13 4 theme mellifer 893:900 arg1 sp 902:903 Lactobacillus mellifer sp 879:903 Lactobacillus mellifer sp 879:903 nov., Lactobacillus mellifer sp. 24944337 13 4 theme mellifer 893:900 arg1 nov. 873:876 nov. 873:876 nov. 873:876 nov., Lactobacillus mellifer sp. 24944337 19 5 theme  = DSM 1304:1309 arg1 63629 1327:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629 1304:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)) 1304:1335 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 5 theme  = DSM 1304:1309 arg1 63633 1371:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633 1338:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T) 1338:1378 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 5 theme  = DSM 1304:1309 arg1 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 6 6 theme Lactobacillus 212:224 arg1 kullabergensis 226:239 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 203:239 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 203:239 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis sp. 24944337 19 7 theme Bin4N 1206:1210 arg1 63287 1195:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287 1172:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)) 1172:1203 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 7 theme Bin4N 1206:1210 arg1 T 1245:1245 T 1245:1245 T 1245:1245 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 7 theme Bin4N 1206:1210 arg1 63291 1239:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291 1206:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T) 1206:1246 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 8 theme T 1361:1361 arg1 63629 1327:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629 1304:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)) 1304:1335 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 8 theme T 1361:1361 arg1 T 1377:1377 T 1377:1377 T 1377:1377 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 8 theme T 1361:1361 arg1 63633 1371:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633 1338:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T) 1338:1378 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 16 9 theme Lactobacillus 980:992 arg1 sp 1004:1005 Lactobacillus kimbladii sp 980:1005 Lactobacillus kimbladii sp 980:1005 nov., Lactobacillus kimbladii sp. 24944337 16 9 theme Lactobacillus 980:992 arg1 nov. 974:977 nov. 974:977 nov. 974:977 nov., Lactobacillus kimbladii sp. 24944337 17 10 theme Lactobacillus 1014:1026 arg1 sp 1045:1046 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp 1014:1046 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp 1014:1046 nov., Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp. 24944337 17 10 theme Lactobacillus 1014:1026 arg1 nov. 1008:1011 nov. 1008:1011 nov. 1008:1011 nov., Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp. 24944337 6 11 dep sp 241:242 arg1 kullabergensis 226:239 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 203:239 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 203:239 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis sp. 24944337 12 12 theme Lactobacillus 846:858 arg1 sp 869:870 Lactobacillus apinorum sp 846:870 the names Lactobacillus apinorum sp 836:870 We propose the names Lactobacillus apinorum sp. 24944337 6 13 theme nov. 203:206 arg1 kullabergensis 226:239 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 203:239 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 203:239 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis sp. 24944337 4 14 theme kimbladii 148:156 arg1 sp 158:159 Lactobacillus kimbladii sp 134:159 Lactobacillus kimbladii sp 134:159 nov., Lactobacillus kimbladii sp. 24944337 4 14 theme kimbladii 148:156 arg1 nov. 128:131 nov. 128:131 nov. 128:131 nov., Lactobacillus kimbladii sp. 24944337 9 15 theme Bifidobacterium 497:511 arg1 phylotypes 483:492 several phylotypes 475:492 several phylotypes of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 475:529 The microbiota was composed of several phylotypes of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 24944337 19 16 theme type 1141:1144 arg1 strains 1146:1152 the respective type strains 1126:1152 the respective type strains 1126:1152 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 16 theme type 1141:1144 arg1 Fhon13N 1160:1166 Fhon13N 1160:1166 Fhon13N 1160:1166 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 7 17 theme mellifera 304:312 arg1 stomach 275:281 the honey stomach 265:281 the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera 265:312 nov., isolated from the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 10 18 theme novel 661:665 arg1 species 667:673 seven novel species 655:673 seven novel species 655:673 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and phenotypic and genetic characteristics revealed that the phylotypes isolated represent seven novel species. 24944337 11 19 theme delbrueckii 785:795 arg1 subgroups 797:805 the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups 740:805 the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups of Lactobacillus 740:822 One grouped with Lactobacillus kunkeei and the others belong to the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups of Lactobacillus. 24944337 9 20 theme Lactobacillus 517:529 arg1 phylotypes 483:492 several phylotypes 475:492 several phylotypes of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 475:529 The microbiota was composed of several phylotypes of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 24944337 5 21 theme Lactobacillus 168:180 arg1 sp 199:200 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp 168:200 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp 168:200 nov., Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp. 24944337 5 21 theme Lactobacillus 168:180 arg1 nov. 162:165 nov. 162:165 nov. 162:165 nov., Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp. 24944337 12 22 dep names 840:844 arg1 sp 869:870 Lactobacillus apinorum sp 846:870 the names Lactobacillus apinorum sp 836:870 We propose the names Lactobacillus apinorum sp. 24944337 7 23 theme honeybee 290:297 arg1 mellifera 304:312 the honeybee Apis mellifera 286:312 the honeybee Apis mellifera 286:312 nov., isolated from the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 2 24 theme mellis 80:85 arg1 nov. 60:63 nov. 60:63 nov. 60:63 nov., Lactobacillus mellis sp. 24944337 2 24 theme mellis 80:85 arg1 sp 87:88 Lactobacillus mellis sp 66:88 Lactobacillus mellis sp 66:88 nov., Lactobacillus mellis sp. 24944337 19 25 theme T 1317:1317 arg1 63629 1327:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629 1304:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)) 1304:1335 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 25 theme T 1317:1317 arg1 63633 1371:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633 1338:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T) 1338:1378 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 25 theme T 1317:1317 arg1 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 26 theme  = CCUG 1363:1369 arg1 63629 1327:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629 1304:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)) 1304:1335 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 26 theme  = CCUG 1363:1369 arg1 T 1377:1377 T 1377:1377 T 1377:1377 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 26 theme  = CCUG 1363:1369 arg1 63633 1371:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633 1338:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T) 1338:1378 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 10 27 theme 16S 532:534 arg1 analyses 555:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 532:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 532:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and phenotypic and genetic characteristics revealed that the phylotypes isolated represent seven novel species. 24944337 19 28 theme 26256 1311:1315 arg1 63629 1327:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629 1304:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)) 1304:1335 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 28 theme 26256 1311:1315 arg1 63633 1371:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633 1338:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T) 1338:1378 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 28 theme 26256 1311:1315 arg1 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 29 theme  = DSM 1172:1177 arg1 63287 1195:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287 1172:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)) 1172:1203 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 29 theme  = DSM 1172:1177 arg1 63291 1239:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291 1206:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T) 1206:1246 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 29 theme  = DSM 1172:1177 arg1 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 30 theme  = CCUG 1319:1325 arg1 63629 1327:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629 1304:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)) 1304:1335 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 30 theme  = CCUG 1319:1325 arg1 63633 1371:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633 1338:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T) 1338:1378 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 30 theme  = CCUG 1319:1325 arg1 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 10 31 theme gene 541:544 arg1 analyses 555:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 532:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 532:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and phenotypic and genetic characteristics revealed that the phylotypes isolated represent seven novel species. 24944337 10 32 theme genetic 583:589 arg1 characteristics 591:605 phenotypic and genetic characteristics 568:605 phenotypic and genetic characteristics 568:605 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and phenotypic and genetic characteristics revealed that the phylotypes isolated represent seven novel species. 24944337 8 33 theme symbiotic 342:350 arg1 microbiota 380:389 a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota 340:389 a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera 340:441 We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 8 34 theme honey 398:402 arg1 stomach 404:410 the honey stomach 394:410 the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera 394:441 We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 0 35 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 23:24 Lactobacillus apinorum sp 0:24 Lactobacillus apinorum sp. 0:25 Lactobacillus apinorum sp. 24944337 10 36 theme phenotypic 568:577 arg1 characteristics 591:605 phenotypic and genetic characteristics 568:605 phenotypic and genetic characteristics 568:605 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and phenotypic and genetic characteristics revealed that the phylotypes isolated represent seven novel species. 24944337 18 37 theme Lactobacillus 1058:1070 arg1 kullabergensis 1072:1085 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 1049:1085 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 1049:1085 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis sp. 24944337 8 38 theme acid 359:362 arg1 microbiota 380:389 a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota 340:389 a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera 340:441 We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 19 39 theme 26265 1399:1403 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 39 theme 26265 1399:1403 arg1 63301 1415:1419  = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301 1392:1419  = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T) 1392:1422 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 18 40 theme nov. 1049:1052 arg1 kullabergensis 1072:1085 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 1049:1085 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis 1049:1085 nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis sp. 24944337 8 41 theme honeybee 419:426 arg1 mellifera 433:441 the honeybee Apis mellifera 415:441 the honeybee Apis mellifera 415:441 We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 8 42 theme mellifera 433:441 arg1 stomach 404:410 the honey stomach 394:410 the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera 394:441 We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 19 43 theme 26255 1267:1271 arg1 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 43 theme 26255 1267:1271 arg1 63289 1283:1287  = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289 1260:1287  = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T) 1260:1290 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 44 theme  = CCUG 1407:1413 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 44 theme  = CCUG 1407:1413 arg1 63301 1415:1419  = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301 1392:1419  = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T) 1392:1422 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 15 45 theme melliventris 957:968 arg1 nov. 937:940 nov. 937:940 nov. 937:940 nov., Lactobacillus melliventris sp. 24944337 15 45 theme melliventris 957:968 arg1 sp 970:971 Lactobacillus melliventris sp 943:971 Lactobacillus melliventris sp 943:971 nov., Lactobacillus melliventris sp. 24944337 19 46 theme novel 1106:1110 arg1 species 1112:1118 these novel species 1100:1118 these novel species 1100:1118 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 8 47 from microbiota 380:389 arg1 stomach 404:410 the honey stomach 394:410 the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera 394:441 We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 19 48 theme T 1405:1405 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 48 theme T 1405:1405 arg1 63301 1415:1419  = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301 1392:1419  = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T) 1392:1422 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 1 49 theme mellifer 47:54 arg1 sp 56:57 Lactobacillus mellifer sp 33:57 Lactobacillus mellifer sp 33:57 nov., Lactobacillus mellifer sp. 24944337 1 49 theme mellifer 47:54 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., Lactobacillus mellifer sp. 24944337 19 50 theme  = CCUG 1187:1193 arg1 63287 1195:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287 1172:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)) 1172:1203 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 50 theme  = CCUG 1187:1193 arg1 63291 1239:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291 1206:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T) 1206:1246 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 50 theme  = CCUG 1187:1193 arg1 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 51 theme 26262 1447:1451 arg1 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 51 theme 26262 1447:1451 arg1 63631 1463:1467  = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631 1440:1467  = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T) 1440:1470 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 12 52 theme apinorum 860:867 arg1 sp 869:870 Lactobacillus apinorum sp 846:870 the names Lactobacillus apinorum sp 836:870 We propose the names Lactobacillus apinorum sp. 24944337 13 53 theme Lactobacillus 879:891 arg1 sp 902:903 Lactobacillus mellifer sp 879:903 Lactobacillus mellifer sp 879:903 nov., Lactobacillus mellifer sp. 24944337 13 53 theme Lactobacillus 879:891 arg1 nov. 873:876 nov. 873:876 nov. 873:876 nov., Lactobacillus mellifer sp. 24944337 19 54 theme respective 1130:1139 arg1 strains 1146:1152 the respective type strains 1126:1152 the respective type strains 1126:1152 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 54 theme respective 1130:1139 arg1 Fhon13N 1160:1166 Fhon13N 1160:1166 Fhon13N 1160:1166 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 9 55 theme several 475:481 arg1 phylotypes 483:492 several phylotypes 475:492 several phylotypes of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 475:529 The microbiota was composed of several phylotypes of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 24944337 19 56 theme  = CCUG 1455:1461 arg1 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 56 theme  = CCUG 1455:1461 arg1 63631 1463:1467  = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631 1440:1467  = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T) 1440:1470 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 57 theme  = DSM 1348:1353 arg1 63629 1327:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629 1304:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)) 1304:1335 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 57 theme  = DSM 1348:1353 arg1 T 1377:1377 T 1377:1377 T 1377:1377 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 57 theme  = DSM 1348:1353 arg1 63633 1371:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633 1338:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T) 1338:1378 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 58 theme T 1453:1453 arg1 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 58 theme T 1453:1453 arg1 63631 1463:1467  = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631 1440:1467  = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T) 1440:1470 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 7 59 theme Apis 299:302 arg1 mellifera 304:312 the honeybee Apis mellifera 286:312 the honeybee Apis mellifera 286:312 nov., isolated from the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 17 60 theme helsingborgensis 1028:1043 arg1 sp 1045:1046 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp 1014:1046 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp 1014:1046 nov., Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp. 24944337 17 60 theme helsingborgensis 1028:1043 arg1 nov. 1008:1011 nov. 1008:1011 nov. 1008:1011 nov., Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp. 24944337 4 61 theme Lactobacillus 134:146 arg1 sp 158:159 Lactobacillus kimbladii sp 134:159 Lactobacillus kimbladii sp 134:159 nov., Lactobacillus kimbladii sp. 24944337 4 61 theme Lactobacillus 134:146 arg1 nov. 128:131 nov. 128:131 nov. 128:131 nov., Lactobacillus kimbladii sp. 24944337 3 62 theme Lactobacillus 97:109 arg1 nov. 91:94 nov. 91:94 nov. 91:94 nov., Lactobacillus melliventris sp. 24944337 3 62 theme Lactobacillus 97:109 arg1 sp 124:125 Lactobacillus melliventris sp 97:125 Lactobacillus melliventris sp 97:125 nov., Lactobacillus melliventris sp. 24944337 16 63 theme kimbladii 994:1002 arg1 sp 1004:1005 Lactobacillus kimbladii sp 980:1005 Lactobacillus kimbladii sp 980:1005 nov., Lactobacillus kimbladii sp. 24944337 16 63 theme kimbladii 994:1002 arg1 nov. 974:977 nov. 974:977 nov. 974:977 nov., Lactobacillus kimbladii sp. 24944337 19 64 theme  = DSM 1216:1221 arg1 63287 1195:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287 1172:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)) 1172:1203 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 64 theme  = DSM 1216:1221 arg1 T 1245:1245 T 1245:1245 T 1245:1245 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 64 theme  = DSM 1216:1221 arg1 63291 1239:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291 1206:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T) 1206:1246 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 5 65 theme helsingborgensis 182:197 arg1 sp 199:200 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp 168:200 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp 168:200 nov., Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp. 24944337 5 65 theme helsingborgensis 182:197 arg1 nov. 162:165 nov. 162:165 nov. 162:165 nov., Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp. 24944337 2 66 theme Lactobacillus 66:78 arg1 nov. 60:63 nov. 60:63 nov. 60:63 nov., Lactobacillus mellis sp. 24944337 2 66 theme Lactobacillus 66:78 arg1 sp 87:88 Lactobacillus mellis sp 66:88 Lactobacillus mellis sp 66:88 nov., Lactobacillus mellis sp. 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 63291 1239:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291 1206:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T) 1206:1246 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 63287 1195:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287 1172:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)) 1172:1203 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 63629 1327:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629 1304:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)) 1304:1335 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 63631 1463:1467  = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631 1440:1467  = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T) 1440:1470 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 63301 1415:1419  = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301 1392:1419  = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T) 1392:1422 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 63289 1283:1287  = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289 1260:1287  = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T) 1260:1290 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 63633 1371:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633 1338:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T) 1338:1378 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 67 dep Fhon13N 1160:1166 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 68 theme T 1185:1185 arg1 63287 1195:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287 1172:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)) 1172:1203 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 68 theme T 1185:1185 arg1 63291 1239:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291 1206:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T) 1206:1246 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 68 theme T 1185:1185 arg1 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 69 theme  = CCUG 1231:1237 arg1 63287 1195:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287 1172:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)) 1172:1203 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 69 theme  = CCUG 1231:1237 arg1 T 1245:1245 T 1245:1245 T 1245:1245 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 69 theme  = CCUG 1231:1237 arg1 63291 1239:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291 1206:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T) 1206:1246 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 11 70 theme Lactobacillus 810:822 arg1 subgroups 797:805 the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups 740:805 the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups of Lactobacillus 740:822 One grouped with Lactobacillus kunkeei and the others belong to the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups of Lactobacillus. 24944337 19 71 theme 26257 1179:1183 arg1 63287 1195:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287 1172:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)) 1172:1203 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 71 theme 26257 1179:1183 arg1 63291 1239:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291 1206:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T) 1206:1246 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 71 theme 26257 1179:1183 arg1 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 72 theme T 1229:1229 arg1 63287 1195:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287 1172:1199  = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)) 1172:1203 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 72 theme T 1229:1229 arg1 T 1245:1245 T 1245:1245 T 1245:1245 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 72 theme T 1229:1229 arg1 63291 1239:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291 1206:1243 Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T) 1206:1246 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 10 73 theme sequence 546:553 arg1 analyses 555:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 532:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 532:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and phenotypic and genetic characteristics revealed that the phylotypes isolated represent seven novel species. 24944337 7 74 theme honey 269:273 arg1 stomach 275:281 the honey stomach 265:281 the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera 265:312 nov., isolated from the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 14 75 theme mellis 926:931 arg1 nov. 906:909 nov. 906:909 nov. 906:909 nov., Lactobacillus mellis sp. 24944337 14 75 theme mellis 926:931 arg1 sp 933:934 Lactobacillus mellis sp 912:934 Lactobacillus mellis sp 912:934 nov., Lactobacillus mellis sp. 24944337 10 76 theme rRNA 536:539 arg1 analyses 555:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 532:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 532:562 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and phenotypic and genetic characteristics revealed that the phylotypes isolated represent seven novel species. 24944337 19 77 theme Hma2N 1338:1342 arg1 63629 1327:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629 1304:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)) 1304:1335 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 77 theme Hma2N 1338:1342 arg1 T 1377:1377 T 1377:1377 T 1377:1377 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 77 theme Hma2N 1338:1342 arg1 63633 1371:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633 1338:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T) 1338:1378 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 0 78 theme apinorum 14:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Lactobacillus apinorum sp 0:24 Lactobacillus apinorum sp. 0:25 Lactobacillus apinorum sp. 24944337 11 79 theme buchneri 758:765 arg1 subgroups 797:805 the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups 740:805 the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups of Lactobacillus 740:822 One grouped with Lactobacillus kunkeei and the others belong to the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups of Lactobacillus. 24944337 8 80 theme lactic 352:357 arg1 microbiota 380:389 a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota 340:389 a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera 340:441 We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 14 81 theme Lactobacillus 912:924 arg1 nov. 906:909 nov. 906:909 nov. 906:909 nov., Lactobacillus mellis sp. 24944337 14 81 theme Lactobacillus 912:924 arg1 sp 933:934 Lactobacillus mellis sp 912:934 Lactobacillus mellis sp 912:934 nov., Lactobacillus mellis sp. 24944337 19 82 theme T 1344:1344 arg1 63629 1327:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629 1304:1331  = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)) 1304:1335 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 82 theme T 1344:1344 arg1 T 1377:1377 T 1377:1377 T 1377:1377 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 82 theme T 1344:1344 arg1 63633 1371:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633 1338:1375 Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T) 1338:1378 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 8 83 theme bacterial 364:372 arg1 microbiota 380:389 a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota 340:389 a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera 340:441 We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 19 84 theme  = DSM 1260:1265 arg1 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 84 theme  = DSM 1260:1265 arg1 63289 1283:1287  = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289 1260:1287  = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T) 1260:1290 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 85 theme  = DSM 1392:1397 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 85 theme  = DSM 1392:1397 arg1 63301 1415:1419  = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301 1392:1419  = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T) 1392:1422 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 86 theme  = CCUG 1275:1281 arg1 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 86 theme  = CCUG 1275:1281 arg1 63289 1283:1287  = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289 1260:1287  = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T) 1260:1290 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 8 87 theme LAB 375:377 arg1 microbiota 380:389 a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota 340:389 a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera 340:441 We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 8 88 theme Apis 428:431 arg1 mellifera 433:441 the honeybee Apis mellifera 415:441 the honeybee Apis mellifera 415:441 We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. 24944337 19 89 theme T 1273:1273 arg1 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 19 89 theme T 1273:1273 arg1 63289 1283:1287  = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289 1260:1287  = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T) 1260:1290 nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)). 24944337 1 90 theme Lactobacillus 33:45 arg1 sp 56:57 Lactobacillus mellifer sp 33:57 Lactobacillus mellifer sp 33:57 nov., Lactobacillus mellifer sp. 24944337 1 90 theme Lactobacillus 33:45 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., Lactobacillus mellifer sp. 24944337 15 91 theme Lactobacillus 943:955 arg1 nov. 937:940 nov. 937:940 nov. 937:940 nov., Lactobacillus melliventris sp. 24944337 15 91 theme Lactobacillus 943:955 arg1 sp 970:971 Lactobacillus melliventris sp 943:971 Lactobacillus melliventris sp 943:971 nov., Lactobacillus melliventris sp. 24944337 11 92 theme Lactobacillus 693:705 arg1 kunkeei 707:713 Lactobacillus kunkeei 693:713 Lactobacillus kunkeei 693:713 One grouped with Lactobacillus kunkeei and the others belong to the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups of Lactobacillus. 27846405 4 0 theme high 894:897 arg1 level 899:903 high level 894:903 high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity 894:944 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 3 1 theme electron 716:723 arg1 microscopy 725:734 scanning electron microscopy 707:734 scanning electron microscopy 707:734 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 6 2 theme phosphatase 1455:1465 arg1 activity 1467:1474 alkaline phosphatase activity 1446:1474 alkaline phosphatase activity 1446:1474 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 3 3 theme atomic 740:745 arg1 microscopy 753:762 atomic force microscopy 740:762 atomic force microscopy 740:762 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 1 4 theme bone/implant 284:295 arg1 interface 271:279 the interface 267:279 the interface of bone/implant 267:295 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would hinder bone healing process at the interface of bone/implant, yet underlying mechanism remains to be explored. 27846405 1 5 theme species 201:207 arg1 overproduction 215:228 reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction 185:228 reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction 185:228 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would hinder bone healing process at the interface of bone/implant, yet underlying mechanism remains to be explored. 27846405 2 6 theme Ti 567:568 arg1 substrates 570:579 Ti substrates 567:579 Ti substrates 567:579 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 6 7 theme genes 1541:1545 arg1 levels 1436:1441 high expression levels 1420:1441 high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro 1420:1565 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 7 8 theme Chi-C 1675:1679 arg1 implant 1694:1700 Chi-C multilayered implant 1675:1700 Chi-C multilayered implant 1675:1700 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 6 9 theme composite 1294:1302 arg1 multilayer 1304:1313 the composite multilayer 1290:1313 the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates 1290:1357 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 6 10 theme expression 1425:1434 arg1 levels 1436:1441 high expression levels 1420:1441 high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro 1420:1565 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 8 11 theme effective 1784:1792 arg1 strategy 1794:1801 an effective strategy 1781:1801 an effective strategy for the exploration of high quality Ti implants for orthopedic applications 1781:1877 Overall, the study offers an effective strategy for the exploration of high quality Ti implants for orthopedic applications. 27846405 7 12 theme staining 1643:1650 arg1 experiments 1580:1590 The in vivo experiments 1568:1590 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining 1568:1650 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 4 13 theme ROS 922:924 arg1 activity 937:944 intracellular ROS scavenging activity 908:944 intracellular ROS scavenging activity 908:944 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 3 14 theme Surface 582:588 arg1 wettability 590:600 Surface wettability 582:600 Surface wettability 582:600 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 4 15 theme activity 937:944 arg1 level 899:903 high level 894:903 high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity 894:944 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 3 16 theme coated 631:636 arg1 substrates 641:650 multilayer coated Ti substrates 620:650 multilayer coated Ti substrates 620:650 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 1 17 theme Oxidative 157:165 arg1 stress 167:172 Oxidative stress 157:172 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction 157:228 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would hinder bone healing process at the interface of bone/implant, yet underlying mechanism remains to be explored. 27846405 8 18 theme high 1826:1829 arg1 implants 1842:1849 high quality Ti implants 1826:1849 high quality Ti implants 1826:1849 Overall, the study offers an effective strategy for the exploration of high quality Ti implants for orthopedic applications. 27846405 2 19 theme gelatin 499:505 arg1 structure 449:457 multilayered structure composing 436:467 multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers 436:546 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 2 20 dep chitosan-catechol 472:488 arg1 nanofibers 537:546 nanofibers 537:546 nanofibers 537:546 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 8 21 theme Ti 1839:1840 arg1 implants 1842:1849 high quality Ti implants 1826:1849 high quality Ti implants 1826:1849 Overall, the study offers an effective strategy for the exploration of high quality Ti implants for orthopedic applications. 27846405 1 22 theme reactive 185:192 arg1 ROS 210:212 ROS 210:212 ROS 210:212 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would hinder bone healing process at the interface of bone/implant, yet underlying mechanism remains to be explored. 27846405 1 22 theme reactive 185:192 arg1 species 201:207 reactive oxygen species 185:207 reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction 185:228 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would hinder bone healing process at the interface of bone/implant, yet underlying mechanism remains to be explored. 27846405 7 23 theme bone 1741:1744 arg1 healing 1746:1752 improved early bone healing 1726:1752 improved early bone healing 1726:1752 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 7 24 theme μ-CT 1595:1598 arg1 analysis 1600:1607 μ-CT analysis 1595:1607 μ-CT analysis 1595:1607 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 4 25 theme cellular 978:985 arg1 level 987:991 cellular level 978:991 cellular level 978:991 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 0 26 theme cells 111:115 arg1 damage 117:122 ROS-induced cells damage 99:122 ROS-induced cells damage 99:122 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 7 27 theme improved 1726:1733 arg1 healing 1746:1752 improved early bone healing 1726:1752 improved early bone healing 1726:1752 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 6 28 theme nanofibers 1331:1340 arg1 multilayer 1304:1313 the composite multilayer 1290:1313 the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates 1290:1357 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 6 29 dep promoted 1359:1366 arg1 evidenced 1407:1415 evidenced 1407:1415 was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro 1403:1565 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 4 30 theme integrin 1054:1061 arg1 genes 1047:1051 cell adhesion related genes 1025:1051 cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2) 1025:1085 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 30 theme integrin 1054:1061 arg1 αv 1063:1064 integrin αv 1054:1064 integrin αv 1054:1064 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 2 31 theme antioxidant 386:396 arg1 activity 398:405 antioxidant activity 386:405 antioxidant activity 386:405 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 0 32 theme Surface 0:6 arg1 functionalization 8:24 Surface functionalization 0:24 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 0:155 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 6 33 from multilayer 1304:1313 arg1 substrates 1348:1357 Ti substrates 1345:1357 Ti substrates 1345:1357 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 5 34 dep adhesive 1134:1141 arg1 p-MYPT1 1180:1186 p-MYPT1 1180:1186 p-MYPT1 1180:1186 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 5 34 dep adhesive 1134:1141 arg1 Bcl-2 1206:1210 Bcl-2 1206:1210 Bcl-2 1206:1210 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 5 34 dep adhesive 1134:1141 arg1 p-Akt 1196:1200 p-Akt 1196:1200 p-Akt 1196:1200 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 5 34 dep adhesive 1134:1141 arg1 p-FAK 1189:1193 p-FAK 1189:1193 p-FAK 1189:1193 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 6 35 theme high 1420:1423 arg1 levels 1436:1441 high expression levels 1420:1441 high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro 1420:1565 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 1 36 theme underlying 302:311 arg1 mechanism 313:321 underlying mechanism 302:321 underlying mechanism 302:321 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would hinder bone healing process at the interface of bone/implant, yet underlying mechanism remains to be explored. 27846405 7 37 theme multilayered 1681:1692 arg1 implant 1694:1700 Chi-C multilayered implant 1675:1700 Chi-C multilayered implant 1675:1700 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 4 38 theme adhesion 1030:1037 arg1 CDH11 1071:1075 CDH11 1071:1075 CDH11 1071:1075 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 38 theme adhesion 1030:1037 arg1 genes 1047:1051 cell adhesion related genes 1025:1051 cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2) 1025:1085 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 38 theme adhesion 1030:1037 arg1 αv 1063:1064 integrin αv 1054:1064 integrin αv 1054:1064 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 38 theme adhesion 1030:1037 arg1 CDH2 1081:1084 CDH2 1081:1084 CDH2 1081:1084 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 2 39 theme bone 420:423 arg1 formation 425:433 enhanced bone formation 411:433 enhanced bone formation 411:433 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 0 40 theme implants 38:45 arg1 functionalization 8:24 Surface functionalization 0:24 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 0:155 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 4 41 theme genes 1047:1051 arg1 expression 1011:1020 the expression 1007:1020 the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2) 1007:1085 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 3 42 theme substrates 641:650 arg1 wettability 590:600 Surface wettability 582:600 Surface wettability 582:600 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 3 42 theme substrates 641:650 arg1 topography 606:615 topography 606:615 topography 606:615 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 2 43 theme titanium 356:363 arg1 substrates 370:379 titanium (Ti) substrates 356:379 titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation 356:433 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 0 44 theme chitosan-catechol 52:68 arg1 conjugate 70:78 chitosan-catechol conjugate 52:78 chitosan-catechol conjugate 52:78 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 5 45 theme related 1162:1168 arg1 proteins 1170:1177 cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins 1129:1177 proteins 1170:1177 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 7 46 contain had 1702:1704 arg1 implant 1694:1700 Chi-C multilayered implant 1675:1700 Chi-C multilayered implant 1675:1700 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 7 46 contain had 1702:1704 arg2 potential 1712:1720 great potential 1706:1720 great potential for improved early bone healing 1706:1752 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 3 47 theme angle 688:692 arg1 measurement 694:704 water contact angle measurement 674:704 water contact angle measurement 674:704 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 1 48 theme bone 243:246 arg1 process 256:262 bone healing process 243:262 bone healing process 243:262 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would hinder bone healing process at the interface of bone/implant, yet underlying mechanism remains to be explored. 27846405 2 49 with substrates 370:379 arg1 activity 398:405 antioxidant activity 386:405 antioxidant activity 386:405 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 3 50 theme water 674:678 arg1 measurement 694:704 water contact angle measurement 674:704 water contact angle measurement 674:704 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 6 51 theme collagen 1477:1484 arg1 secretion 1486:1494 collagen secretion 1477:1494 collagen secretion 1477:1494 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 5 52 theme pro-apoptotic 1217:1229 arg1 Bax 1254:1256 Bax 1254:1256 Bax 1254:1256 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 5 52 theme pro-apoptotic 1217:1229 arg1 caspase 1270:1276 cleaved caspase 3 1262:1278 cleaved caspase 3 1262:1278 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 5 52 theme pro-apoptotic 1217:1229 arg1 executioners 1240:1251 pro-apoptotic critical executioners 1217:1251 pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3) 1217:1279 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 6 53 theme osteoblasts 1368:1378 arg1 differentiation 1380:1394 osteoblasts differentiation 1368:1394 osteoblasts differentiation 1368:1394 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 4 54 dep genes 1047:1051 arg1 CDH11 1071:1075 CDH11 1071:1075 CDH11 1071:1075 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 54 dep genes 1047:1051 arg1 β3 1067:1068 β3 1067:1068 β3 1067:1068 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 54 dep genes 1047:1051 arg1 genes 1047:1051 cell adhesion related genes 1025:1051 cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2) 1025:1085 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 54 dep genes 1047:1051 arg1 αv 1063:1064 integrin αv 1054:1064 integrin αv 1054:1064 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 54 dep genes 1047:1051 arg1 CDH2 1081:1084 CDH2 1081:1084 CDH2 1081:1084 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 6 55 theme activity 1467:1474 arg1 levels 1436:1441 high expression levels 1420:1441 high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro 1420:1565 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 6 56 theme alkaline 1446:1453 arg1 phosphatase 1455:1465 alkaline phosphatase 1446:1465 alkaline phosphatase activity 1446:1474 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 3 57 theme force 747:751 arg1 microscopy 753:762 atomic force microscopy 740:762 atomic force microscopy 740:762 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 1 58 theme oxygen 194:199 arg1 ROS 210:212 ROS 210:212 ROS 210:212 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would hinder bone healing process at the interface of bone/implant, yet underlying mechanism remains to be explored. 27846405 1 58 theme oxygen 194:199 arg1 species 201:207 reactive oxygen species 185:207 reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction 185:228 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would hinder bone healing process at the interface of bone/implant, yet underlying mechanism remains to be explored. 27846405 4 59 theme related 1039:1045 arg1 CDH11 1071:1075 CDH11 1071:1075 CDH11 1071:1075 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 59 theme related 1039:1045 arg1 genes 1047:1051 cell adhesion related genes 1025:1051 cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2) 1025:1085 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 59 theme related 1039:1045 arg1 αv 1063:1064 integrin αv 1054:1064 integrin αv 1054:1064 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 59 theme related 1039:1045 arg1 CDH2 1081:1084 CDH2 1081:1084 CDH2 1081:1084 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 6 60 theme expression 1547:1556 arg1 in vitro 1558:1565 expression in vitro 1547:1565 expression in vitro 1547:1565 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 5 61 dep executioners 1240:1251 arg1 Bax 1254:1256 Bax 1254:1256 Bax 1254:1256 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 5 61 dep executioners 1240:1251 arg1 caspase 1270:1276 cleaved caspase 3 1262:1278 cleaved caspase 3 1262:1278 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 5 61 dep executioners 1240:1251 arg1 executioners 1240:1251 pro-apoptotic critical executioners 1217:1251 pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3) 1217:1279 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 6 62 theme Chi-C/Gel/HA 1318:1329 arg1 nanofibers 1331:1340 Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers 1318:1340 Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers 1318:1340 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 6 63 theme osteogenesis-related 1520:1539 arg1 genes 1541:1545 osteogenesis-related genes 1520:1545 osteogenesis-related genes 1520:1545 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 6 64 theme mineralization 1501:1514 arg1 levels 1436:1441 high expression levels 1420:1441 high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro 1420:1565 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 7 65 theme histochemistry 1628:1641 arg1 staining 1643:1650 histochemistry staining 1628:1650 histochemistry staining 1628:1650 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 4 66 theme oxidative 958:966 arg1 damage 968:973 oxidative damage 958:973 oxidative damage 958:973 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 0 67 theme osteogenesis 143:154 arg1 suppression 84:94 suppression 84:94 suppression of ROS-induced cells damage 84:122 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 0 67 theme osteogenesis 143:154 arg1 improvement 128:138 improvement 128:138 improvement of osteogenesis 128:154 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 4 68 theme intracellular 908:920 arg1 activity 937:944 intracellular ROS scavenging activity 908:944 intracellular ROS scavenging activity 908:944 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 5 69 theme cleaved 1262:1268 arg1 caspase 1270:1276 cleaved caspase 3 1262:1278 cleaved caspase 3 1262:1278 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 5 69 theme cleaved 1262:1268 arg1 executioners 1240:1251 pro-apoptotic critical executioners 1217:1251 pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3) 1217:1279 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 4 70 contain containing 785:794 arg2 multilayer 796:805 multilayer 796:805 multilayer on Ti surface 796:819 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 70 contain containing 785:794 arg1 Chi-C 779:783 Chi-C 779:783 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface 779:819 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 3 71 theme multilayer 620:629 arg1 substrates 641:650 multilayer coated Ti substrates 620:650 multilayer coated Ti substrates 620:650 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 8 72 theme quality 1831:1837 arg1 implants 1842:1849 high quality Ti implants 1826:1849 high quality Ti implants 1826:1849 Overall, the study offers an effective strategy for the exploration of high quality Ti implants for orthopedic applications. 27846405 7 73 theme push 1610:1613 arg1 experiments 1580:1590 The in vivo experiments 1568:1590 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining 1568:1650 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 4 74 theme scavenging 926:935 arg1 activity 937:944 intracellular ROS scavenging activity 908:944 intracellular ROS scavenging activity 908:944 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 7 75 theme analysis 1600:1607 arg1 experiments 1580:1590 The in vivo experiments 1568:1590 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining 1568:1650 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 5 76 theme executioners 1240:1251 arg1 production 1115:1124 the production 1111:1124 the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3) 1111:1279 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 6 77 theme Ti 1345:1346 arg1 substrates 1348:1357 Ti substrates 1345:1357 Ti substrates 1345:1357 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 0 78 theme ROS-induced 99:109 arg1 damage 117:122 ROS-induced cells damage 99:122 ROS-induced cells damage 99:122 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 0 79 theme damage 117:122 arg1 suppression 84:94 suppression 84:94 suppression of ROS-induced cells damage 84:122 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 0 79 theme damage 117:122 arg1 improvement 128:138 improvement 128:138 improvement of osteogenesis 128:154 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 5 80 theme adhesive 1134:1141 arg1 production 1115:1124 the production 1111:1124 the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3) 1111:1279 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 4 81 from multilayer 796:805 arg1 surface 813:819 Ti surface 810:819 Ti surface 810:819 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 7 82 theme in vivo 1572:1578 arg1 experiments 1580:1590 The in vivo experiments 1568:1590 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining 1568:1650 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 2 83 theme hydroxyapatite 517:530 arg1 structure 449:457 multilayered structure composing 436:467 multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers 436:546 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 8 84 theme implants 1842:1849 arg1 exploration 1811:1821 the exploration 1807:1821 the exploration of high quality Ti implants 1807:1849 Overall, the study offers an effective strategy for the exploration of high quality Ti implants for orthopedic applications. 27846405 7 85 theme early 1735:1739 arg1 healing 1746:1752 improved early bone healing 1726:1752 improved early bone healing 1726:1752 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 8 86 theme orthopedic 1855:1864 arg1 applications 1866:1877 orthopedic applications 1855:1877 orthopedic applications 1855:1877 Overall, the study offers an effective strategy for the exploration of high quality Ti implants for orthopedic applications. 27846405 2 87 theme composing 459:467 arg1 structure 449:457 multilayered structure composing 436:467 multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers 436:546 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 0 88 theme titanium 29:36 arg1 implants 38:45 titanium implants 29:45 titanium implants 29:45 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 7 89 theme great 1706:1710 arg1 potential 1712:1720 great potential 1706:1720 great potential for improved early bone healing 1706:1752 The in vivo experiments of μ-CT analysis, push out test and histochemistry staining further confirmed that Chi-C multilayered implant had great potential for improved early bone healing. 27846405 2 90 theme multilayered 436:447 arg1 structure 449:457 multilayered structure composing 436:467 multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers 436:546 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 4 91 theme cell 1025:1028 arg1 CDH11 1071:1075 CDH11 1071:1075 CDH11 1071:1075 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 91 theme cell 1025:1028 arg1 genes 1047:1051 cell adhesion related genes 1025:1051 cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2) 1025:1085 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 91 theme cell 1025:1028 arg1 αv 1063:1064 integrin αv 1054:1064 integrin αv 1054:1064 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 4 91 theme cell 1025:1028 arg1 CDH2 1081:1084 CDH2 1081:1084 CDH2 1081:1084 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 3 92 theme Ti 638:639 arg1 substrates 641:650 multilayer coated Ti substrates 620:650 multilayer coated Ti substrates 620:650 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 2 93 theme enhanced 411:418 arg1 formation 425:433 enhanced bone formation 411:433 enhanced bone formation 411:433 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 5 94 theme anti-apoptotic 1147:1160 arg1 proteins 1170:1177 cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins 1129:1177 proteins 1170:1177 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 2 95 theme chitosan-catechol 472:488 arg1 structure 449:457 multilayered structure composing 436:467 multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers 436:546 To endow titanium (Ti) substrates with antioxidant activity for enhanced bone formation, multilayered structure composing of chitosan-catechol (Chi-C), gelatin (Gel) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers was constructed on Ti substrates. 27846405 3 96 theme contact 680:686 arg1 measurement 694:704 water contact angle measurement 674:704 water contact angle measurement 674:704 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 4 97 theme ROS 860:862 arg1 damage 864:869 ROS damage 860:869 ROS damage 860:869 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 0 98 with functionalization 8:24 arg1 conjugate 70:78 chitosan-catechol conjugate 52:78 chitosan-catechol conjugate 52:78 Surface functionalization of titanium implants with chitosan-catechol conjugate for suppression of ROS-induced cells damage and improvement of osteogenesis. 27846405 6 99 theme ECM 1497:1499 arg1 mineralization 1501:1514 ECM mineralization 1497:1514 ECM mineralization 1497:1514 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 5 100 theme proteins 1170:1177 arg1 production 1115:1124 the production 1111:1124 the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3) 1111:1279 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 6 101 dep activity 1467:1474 arg1 in vitro 1558:1565 expression in vitro 1547:1565 expression in vitro 1547:1565 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 4 102 theme Ti 810:811 arg1 surface 813:819 Ti surface 810:819 Ti surface 810:819 Chi-C containing multilayer on Ti surface effectively protected osteoblasts from ROS damage, which was revealed by high level of intracellular ROS scavenging activity and reduced oxidative damage on cellular level by regulating the expression of cell adhesion related genes (integrin αv, β3, CDH11 and CDH2). 27846405 6 103 theme secretion 1486:1494 arg1 levels 1436:1441 high expression levels 1420:1441 high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro 1420:1565 Beside, the composite multilayer of Chi-C/Gel/HA nanofibers on Ti substrates promoted osteoblasts differentiation, which was evidenced by high expression levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, ECM mineralization and osteogenesis-related genes expression in vitro. 27846405 1 104 theme healing 248:254 arg1 process 256:262 bone healing process 243:262 bone healing process 243:262 Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction would hinder bone healing process at the interface of bone/implant, yet underlying mechanism remains to be explored. 27846405 3 105 theme scanning 707:714 arg1 microscopy 725:734 scanning electron microscopy 707:734 scanning electron microscopy 707:734 Surface wettability and topography of multilayer coated Ti substrates were characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. 27846405 5 106 theme critical 1231:1238 arg1 Bax 1254:1256 Bax 1254:1256 Bax 1254:1256 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 5 106 theme critical 1231:1238 arg1 caspase 1270:1276 cleaved caspase 3 1262:1278 cleaved caspase 3 1262:1278 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 27846405 5 106 theme critical 1231:1238 arg1 executioners 1240:1251 pro-apoptotic critical executioners 1217:1251 pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3) 1217:1279 Moreover, it regulated the production of cell adhesive and anti-apoptotic related proteins (p-MYPT1, p-FAK, p-Akt and Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic critical executioners (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). 24433519 5 0 contain had 950:952 arg1 matrix/chitosan 895:909 Heart matrix/chitosan 889:909 Heart matrix/chitosan 889:909 Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 5 0 contain had 950:952 arg2 retention 966:974 higher NRVM retention 954:974 higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) 954:994 Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 1 theme heart 754:758 arg1 hydrogels 733:741 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels 703:741 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) 703:766 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 1 theme heart 754:758 arg1 matrix 760:765 1.6 mg/mL heart matrix 744:765 1.6 mg/mL heart matrix 744:765 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 6 2 from increase 1053:1060 arg1 NRVM 1116:1119 NRVM 1116:1119 NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 1116:1218 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 6 2 from increase 1053:1060 arg1 chain 1080:1084 α-myosin heavy chain 1065:1084 α-myosin heavy chain 1065:1084 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 5 3 theme NRVM 961:964 arg1 retention 966:974 higher NRVM retention 954:974 higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) 954:994 Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 3 4 theme mechanical 515:524 arg1 properties 526:535 mechanical properties 515:535 mechanical properties 515:535 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 1 5 theme right 249:253 arg1 tract 275:279 the right ventricular outflow tract 245:279 the right ventricular outflow tract 245:279 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 7 6 theme conduction 1287:1296 arg1 12.6±4.9 cm/s 1308:1320 12.6±4.9 cm/s 1308:1320 12.6±4.9 cm/s 1308:1320 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 7 6 theme conduction 1287:1296 arg1 velocity 1298:1305 significantly higher conduction velocity 1266:1305 significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) 1266:1321 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 0 7 from Use 0:2 arg1 patch 66:70 a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch 28:70 a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch 28:70 Use of myocardial matrix in a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch. 24433519 3 8 theme invading 596:603 arg1 NRVM 640:643 NRVM 640:643 NRVM 640:643 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 8 theme invading 596:603 arg1 myocytes 630:637 invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes 596:637 invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) 596:644 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 7 9 dep stress 1339:1344 arg1 2 1363:1363 2 1363:1363 2 1363:1363 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 7 9 dep stress 1339:1344 arg1 mN/mm 1357:1361 0.79±0.13 mN/mm 1347:1361 0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2) 1347:1364 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 2 10 theme heart 291:295 arg1 solution 304:311 Powdered heart matrix solution 282:311 Powdered heart matrix solution 282:311 Powdered heart matrix solution was blended with chitosan and lyophilized to form three-dimensional scaffolds. 24433519 6 11 theme connexin-43 1090:1100 arg1 expression 1102:1111 connexin-43 expression 1090:1111 connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 1090:1218 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 1 12 theme ventricular 255:265 arg1 tract 275:279 the right ventricular outflow tract 245:279 the right ventricular outflow tract 245:279 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 4 13 contain had 768:770 arg2 scaffolds 878:886 previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 840:886 previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 840:886 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 13 contain had 768:770 arg2 porosity 780:787 similar porosity 772:787 similar porosity (109±34 μm) 772:799 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 13 contain had 768:770 arg1 hydrogels 733:741 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels 703:741 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) 703:766 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 13 contain had 768:770 arg2 13.2±4.0 kPa 823:834 13.2±4.0 kPa 823:834 13.2±4.0 kPa 823:834 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 13 contain had 768:770 arg2 109±34 μm 790:798 109±34 μm 790:798 109±34 μm 790:798 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 13 contain had 768:770 arg2 modulus 814:820 elastic modulus 806:820 elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) 806:835 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 13 contain had 768:770 arg1 matrix 760:765 1.6 mg/mL heart matrix 744:765 1.6 mg/mL heart matrix 744:765 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 2 14 theme Powdered 282:289 arg1 solution 304:311 Powdered heart matrix solution 282:311 Powdered heart matrix solution 282:311 Powdered heart matrix solution was blended with chitosan and lyophilized to form three-dimensional scaffolds. 24433519 1 15 theme outflow 267:273 arg1 tract 275:279 the right ventricular outflow tract 245:279 the right ventricular outflow tract 245:279 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 4 16 theme 1.6 mg/mL 744:752 arg1 hydrogels 733:741 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels 703:741 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) 703:766 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 16 theme 1.6 mg/mL 744:752 arg1 matrix 760:765 1.6 mg/mL heart matrix 744:765 1.6 mg/mL heart matrix 744:765 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 5 17 theme Heart 889:893 arg1 matrix/chitosan 895:909 Heart matrix/chitosan 889:909 Heart matrix/chitosan 889:909 Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 8 18 theme heart 1429:1433 arg1 scaffold 1442:1449 heart matrix scaffold 1429:1449 heart matrix scaffold 1429:1449 In summary, NRVM cultured on heart matrix scaffold showed improvements in contractile and electrophysiological function. 24433519 3 19 theme different 445:453 arg1 ratios 464:469 different blending ratios 445:469 different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan 445:497 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 7 20 theme higher 1280:1285 arg1 12.6±4.9 cm/s 1308:1320 12.6±4.9 cm/s 1308:1320 12.6±4.9 cm/s 1308:1320 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 7 20 theme higher 1280:1285 arg1 velocity 1298:1305 significantly higher conduction velocity 1266:1305 significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) 1266:1321 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 3 21 theme gene 543:546 arg1 expression 548:557 gene expression 543:557 gene expression 543:557 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 6 22 theme matrix/chitosan 1139:1153 arg1 scaffolds 1155:1163 heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds 1133:1163 heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days 1133:1177 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 3 23 theme blending 455:462 arg1 ratios 464:469 different blending ratios 445:469 different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan 445:497 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 6 24 theme heart 1133:1137 arg1 scaffolds 1155:1163 heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds 1133:1163 heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days 1133:1177 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 7 25 theme 0.79±0.13 1347:1355 arg1 2 1363:1363 2 1363:1363 2 1363:1363 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 7 25 theme 0.79±0.13 1347:1355 arg1 mN/mm 1357:1361 0.79±0.13 mN/mm 1347:1361 0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2) 1347:1364 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 1 26 theme novel 75:79 arg1 scaffold 89:96 A novel cardiac scaffold 73:96 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix 73:145 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 4 27 theme matrix/chitosan-blended 709:731 arg1 hydrogels 733:741 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels 703:741 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) 703:766 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 27 theme matrix/chitosan-blended 709:731 arg1 matrix 760:765 1.6 mg/mL heart matrix 744:765 1.6 mg/mL heart matrix 744:765 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 1 28 theme tract 275:279 arg1 reconstruction 227:240 surgical reconstruction 218:240 surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract 218:279 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 7 29 contain had 1262:1264 arg2 velocity 1298:1305 significantly higher conduction velocity 1266:1305 significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) 1266:1321 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 7 29 contain had 1262:1264 arg2 12.6±4.9 cm/s 1308:1320 12.6±4.9 cm/s 1308:1320 12.6±4.9 cm/s 1308:1320 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 7 29 contain had 1262:1264 arg1 scaffolds 1252:1260 heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds 1230:1260 heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds 1230:1260 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 7 29 contain had 1262:1264 arg2 stress 1339:1344 contractile stress 1327:1344 contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) 1327:1365 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 1 30 theme cardiac 81:87 arg1 scaffold 89:96 A novel cardiac scaffold 73:96 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix 73:145 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 1 31 theme biodegradable 177:189 arg1 patch 191:195 a biodegradable patch 175:195 a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract 175:279 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 0 32 theme matrix 18:23 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of myocardial matrix in a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch 0:70 Use of myocardial matrix in a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch. 24433519 4 33 theme gelatin/chitosan 861:876 arg1 porosity 780:787 similar porosity 772:787 similar porosity (109±34 μm) 772:799 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 33 theme gelatin/chitosan 861:876 arg1 modulus 814:820 elastic modulus 806:820 elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) 806:835 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 33 theme gelatin/chitosan 861:876 arg1 scaffolds 878:886 previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 840:886 previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 840:886 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 3 34 theme electrophysiological 563:582 arg1 function 584:591 electrophysiological function 563:591 electrophysiological function 563:591 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 4 35 theme published 851:859 arg1 porosity 780:787 similar porosity 772:787 similar porosity (109±34 μm) 772:799 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 35 theme published 851:859 arg1 modulus 814:820 elastic modulus 806:820 elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) 806:835 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 35 theme published 851:859 arg1 scaffolds 878:886 previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 840:886 previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 840:886 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 3 36 theme heart 474:478 arg1 matrix 480:485 heart matrix 474:485 heart matrix to chitosan 474:497 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 0 37 theme myocardial 7:16 arg1 matrix 18:23 myocardial matrix 7:23 myocardial matrix 7:23 Use of myocardial matrix in a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch. 24433519 8 38 from improvements 1458:1469 arg1 function 1511:1518 contractile and electrophysiological function 1474:1518 contractile and electrophysiological function 1474:1518 In summary, NRVM cultured on heart matrix scaffold showed improvements in contractile and electrophysiological function. 24433519 3 39 theme gelatin/chitosan 665:680 arg1 scaffolds 692:700 type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds 658:700 type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds 658:700 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 2 40 theme matrix 297:302 arg1 solution 304:311 Powdered heart matrix solution 282:311 Powdered heart matrix solution 282:311 Powdered heart matrix solution was blended with chitosan and lyophilized to form three-dimensional scaffolds. 24433519 3 41 theme matrix 480:485 arg1 ratios 464:469 different blending ratios 445:469 different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan 445:497 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 5 42 theme gelatin/chitosan 1001:1016 arg1 scaffolds 1018:1026 gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 1001:1026 gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 1001:1026 Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 1 43 with patch 191:195 arg1 potential 204:212 a potential 202:212 a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract 202:279 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 3 44 theme composite 682:690 arg1 scaffolds 692:700 type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds 658:700 type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds 658:700 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 45 theme ventricular 618:628 arg1 NRVM 640:643 NRVM 640:643 NRVM 640:643 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 45 theme ventricular 618:628 arg1 myocytes 630:637 invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes 596:637 invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) 596:644 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 4 46 theme Heart 703:707 arg1 hydrogels 733:741 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels 703:741 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) 703:766 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 46 theme Heart 703:707 arg1 matrix 760:765 1.6 mg/mL heart matrix 744:765 1.6 mg/mL heart matrix 744:765 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 3 47 theme ratios 464:469 arg1 influence 432:440 the influence 428:440 the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) 428:644 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 5 48 theme maintained>80 921:933 arg1 % 934:934 % 934:934 % 934:934 Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 6 49 theme significant 1041:1051 arg1 increase 1053:1060 a significant increase 1039:1060 a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain 1039:1084 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 8 50 theme contractile 1474:1484 arg1 function 1511:1518 contractile and electrophysiological function 1474:1518 contractile and electrophysiological function 1474:1518 In summary, NRVM cultured on heart matrix scaffold showed improvements in contractile and electrophysiological function. 24433519 3 51 theme myocytes 630:637 arg1 expression 548:557 gene expression 543:557 gene expression 543:557 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 51 theme myocytes 630:637 arg1 function 584:591 electrophysiological function 563:591 electrophysiological function 563:591 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 51 theme myocytes 630:637 arg1 porosity 502:509 porosity 502:509 porosity 502:509 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 51 theme myocytes 630:637 arg1 properties 526:535 mechanical properties 515:535 mechanical properties 515:535 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 7 52 theme heart 1230:1234 arg1 scaffolds 1252:1260 heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds 1230:1260 heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds 1230:1260 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 0 53 theme full-thickness 45:58 arg1 patch 66:70 a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch 28:70 a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch 28:70 Use of myocardial matrix in a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch. 24433519 3 54 theme type-A 658:663 arg1 scaffolds 692:700 type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds 658:700 type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds 658:700 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 55 theme neonatal 605:612 arg1 NRVM 640:643 NRVM 640:643 NRVM 640:643 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 55 theme neonatal 605:612 arg1 myocytes 630:637 invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes 596:637 invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) 596:644 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 5 56 dep retention 966:974 arg1 2 992:992 2 992:992 2 992:992 Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 5 56 dep retention 966:974 arg1 cells/mm 983:990 ∼1000 cells/mm 977:990 ∼1000 cells/mm(2) 977:993 Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 6 57 theme gelatin/chitosan 1193:1208 arg1 scaffolds 1210:1218 gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 1193:1218 gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 1193:1218 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 0 58 theme chitosan-based 30:43 arg1 patch 66:70 a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch 28:70 a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch 28:70 Use of myocardial matrix in a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch. 24433519 8 59 theme electrophysiological 1490:1509 arg1 function 1511:1518 contractile and electrophysiological function 1474:1518 contractile and electrophysiological function 1474:1518 In summary, NRVM cultured on heart matrix scaffold showed improvements in contractile and electrophysiological function. 24433519 3 60 theme rat 614:616 arg1 NRVM 640:643 NRVM 640:643 NRVM 640:643 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 60 theme rat 614:616 arg1 myocytes 630:637 invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes 596:637 invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) 596:644 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 1 61 theme decellularized 111:124 arg1 matrix 140:145 decellularized porcine heart matrix 111:145 decellularized porcine heart matrix 111:145 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 6 62 from expression 1102:1111 arg1 NRVM 1116:1119 NRVM 1116:1119 NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 1116:1218 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 6 62 from expression 1102:1111 arg1 chain 1080:1084 α-myosin heavy chain 1065:1084 α-myosin heavy chain 1065:1084 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 8 63 theme matrix 1435:1440 arg1 scaffold 1442:1449 heart matrix scaffold 1429:1449 heart matrix scaffold 1429:1449 In summary, NRVM cultured on heart matrix scaffold showed improvements in contractile and electrophysiological function. 24433519 6 64 theme heavy 1074:1078 arg1 chain 1080:1084 α-myosin heavy chain 1065:1084 α-myosin heavy chain 1065:1084 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 1 65 theme porcine 126:132 arg1 matrix 140:145 decellularized porcine heart matrix 111:145 decellularized porcine heart matrix 111:145 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 4 66 theme elastic 806:812 arg1 porosity 780:787 similar porosity 772:787 similar porosity (109±34 μm) 772:799 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 66 theme elastic 806:812 arg1 scaffolds 878:886 previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 840:886 previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 840:886 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 66 theme elastic 806:812 arg1 13.2±4.0 kPa 823:834 13.2±4.0 kPa 823:834 13.2±4.0 kPa 823:834 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 66 theme elastic 806:812 arg1 modulus 814:820 elastic modulus 806:820 elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) 806:835 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 67 theme similar 772:778 arg1 109±34 μm 790:798 109±34 μm 790:798 109±34 μm 790:798 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 67 theme similar 772:778 arg1 porosity 780:787 similar porosity 772:787 similar porosity (109±34 μm) 772:799 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 67 theme similar 772:778 arg1 modulus 814:820 elastic modulus 806:820 elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) 806:835 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 4 67 theme similar 772:778 arg1 scaffolds 878:886 previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 840:886 previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 840:886 Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 3 68 from influence 432:440 arg1 expression 548:557 gene expression 543:557 gene expression 543:557 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 68 from influence 432:440 arg1 porosity 502:509 porosity 502:509 porosity 502:509 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 3 68 from influence 432:440 arg1 properties 526:535 mechanical properties 515:535 mechanical properties 515:535 For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. 24433519 1 69 theme heart 134:138 arg1 matrix 140:145 decellularized porcine heart matrix 111:145 decellularized porcine heart matrix 111:145 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 1 70 theme surgical 218:225 arg1 reconstruction 227:240 surgical reconstruction 218:240 surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract 218:279 A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. 24433519 7 71 theme gelatin/chitosan 1372:1387 arg1 scaffolds 1389:1397 gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 1372:1397 gelatin/chitosan scaffolds 1372:1397 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 5 72 theme higher 954:959 arg1 retention 966:974 higher NRVM retention 954:974 higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) 954:994 Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 5 73 theme % 934:934 arg1 viability 936:944 maintained>80% viability 921:944 maintained>80% viability 921:944 Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 6 74 theme α-myosin 1065:1072 arg1 chain 1080:1084 α-myosin heavy chain 1065:1084 α-myosin heavy chain 1065:1084 There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 0 75 theme heart 60:64 arg1 patch 66:70 a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch 28:70 a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch 28:70 Use of myocardial matrix in a chitosan-based full-thickness heart patch. 24433519 7 76 theme matrix/chitosan 1236:1250 arg1 scaffolds 1252:1260 heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds 1230:1260 heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds 1230:1260 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 24433519 2 77 theme three-dimensional 363:379 arg1 scaffolds 381:389 three-dimensional scaffolds 363:389 three-dimensional scaffolds 363:389 Powdered heart matrix solution was blended with chitosan and lyophilized to form three-dimensional scaffolds. 24433519 7 78 theme contractile 1327:1337 arg1 stress 1339:1344 contractile stress 1327:1344 contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) 1327:1365 Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. 29289516 3 0 theme extra 512:516 arg1 fraction 532:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction 489:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm) 489:552 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 3 0 theme extra 512:516 arg1 <2 μm 547:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 6 1 theme API 1124:1126 arg1 particles 1128:1136 co-associated API particles 1110:1136 co-associated API particles 1110:1136 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 9 2 theme beclomethasone 1583:1596 arg1 dipropionate 1598:1609 beclomethasone dipropionate 1583:1609 beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, 1583:1709 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 7 3 theme dual 1321:1324 arg1 excipient 1326:1334 a so-called 'dual excipient' 1308:1335 a so-called 'dual excipient' platform 1308:1344 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 7 4 with difference 1186:1195 arg1 NEXThaler® 1210:1219 NEXThaler® 1210:1219 NEXThaler® 1210:1219 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 1 5 theme powder 185:190 arg1 inhaler 192:198 combination dry powder inhaler 169:198 two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products 165:213 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 1 5 theme powder 185:190 arg1 DPI 201:203 DPI 201:203 DPI 201:203 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 4 6 theme 2.1 μm 814:819 arg1 MAD 806:808 MAD 806:808 MAD 806:808 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 6 theme 2.1 μm 814:819 arg1 diameter 796:803 a median aerodynamic diameter 775:803 a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm 775:819 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 6 7 theme negligible 1089:1098 arg1 number 1100:1105 only a negligible number 1082:1105 only a negligible number of co-associated API particles 1082:1136 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 9 8 theme increased 1862:1870 arg1 eFPF 1872:1875 the increased eFPF 1858:1875 the increased eFPF 1858:1875 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 4 9 with fine 740:743 arg1 MAD 806:808 MAD 806:808 MAD 806:808 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 9 with fine 740:743 arg1 diameter 796:803 a median aerodynamic diameter 775:803 a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm 775:819 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 9 10 from dipropionate 1598:1609 arg1 NEXThaler® 1622:1631 NEXThaler® 1622:1631 NEXThaler® 1622:1631 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 4 11 theme larger 851:856 arg1 MAD 858:860 a larger MAD 849:860 a larger MAD of 3.1 μm 849:870 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 7 12 theme second 1272:1277 arg1 excipient 1279:1287 a second excipient 1270:1287 a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform 1270:1344 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 7 12 theme second 1272:1277 arg1 stearate 1251:1258 magnesium stearate 1241:1258 magnesium stearate 1241:1258 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 4 13 theme Foster® 682:688 arg1 NEXThaler® 690:699 overall Foster® NEXThaler® 674:699 overall Foster® NEXThaler® 674:699 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 1 14 theme aerosol 142:148 arg1 performance 150:160 The in-vitro aerosol performance 129:160 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® 129:255 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 9 15 from carrier 1834:1840 arg1 detachment 1814:1823 superior detachment 1805:1823 superior detachment from the carrier 1805:1840 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 8 16 contain contain 1476:1482 arg1 particles 1439:1447 the beclomethasone dipropionate particles 1407:1447 the beclomethasone dipropionate particles in Foster® NEXThaler® 1407:1469 The data generated using SPAMS suggested that nearly all of the beclomethasone dipropionate particles in Foster® NEXThaler® also contain MgSt and must therefore be co-associated with this additional excipient. 29289516 8 16 contain contain 1476:1482 arg1 all 1400:1402 all 1400:1402 all 1400:1402 The data generated using SPAMS suggested that nearly all of the beclomethasone dipropionate particles in Foster® NEXThaler® also contain MgSt and must therefore be co-associated with this additional excipient. 29289516 8 16 contain contain 1476:1482 arg2 MgSt 1484:1487 MgSt 1484:1487 MgSt 1484:1487 The data generated using SPAMS suggested that nearly all of the beclomethasone dipropionate particles in Foster® NEXThaler® also contain MgSt and must therefore be co-associated with this additional excipient. 29289516 0 17 theme size 67:70 arg1 distribution 72:83 the aerodynamic particle size distribution 42:83 the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products 42:126 Probing the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products. 29289516 9 18 theme formoterol 1690:1699 arg1 API 1685:1687 the second API 1674:1687 the second API 1674:1687 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 9 18 theme formoterol 1690:1699 arg1 fumarate 1701:1708 formoterol fumarate 1690:1708 formoterol fumarate 1690:1708 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 1 19 theme combination 169:179 arg1 inhaler 192:198 combination dry powder inhaler 169:198 two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products 165:213 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 1 19 theme combination 169:179 arg1 DPI 201:203 DPI 201:203 DPI 201:203 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 4 20 theme fine 740:743 arg1 number 730:735 a significantly higher number 707:735 a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm 707:819 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 6 21 dep significant 1025:1035 arg1 % 1040:1040 37% 1038:1040 37% 1038:1040 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 4 22 with particles 760:768 arg1 MAD 806:808 MAD 806:808 MAD 806:808 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 22 with particles 760:768 arg1 diameter 796:803 a median aerodynamic diameter 775:803 a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm 775:819 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 0 23 theme powder 92:97 arg1 products 119:126 dry powder inhaler combination products 88:126 dry powder inhaler combination products 88:126 Probing the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products. 29289516 5 24 theme active 920:925 arg1 APIs 955:958 APIs 955:958 APIs 955:958 Additionally, the interactions between the two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in both products are different. 29289516 5 24 theme active 920:925 arg1 ingredients 942:952 the two active pharmaceutical ingredients 912:952 the two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in both products 912:976 Additionally, the interactions between the two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in both products are different. 29289516 8 25 theme beclomethasone 1411:1424 arg1 dipropionate 1426:1437 the beclomethasone dipropionate 1407:1437 the beclomethasone dipropionate particles in Foster® NEXThaler® 1407:1469 The data generated using SPAMS suggested that nearly all of the beclomethasone dipropionate particles in Foster® NEXThaler® also contain MgSt and must therefore be co-associated with this additional excipient. 29289516 4 26 theme extra 749:753 arg1 particles 760:768 extra fine particles 749:768 extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm 749:819 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 3 27 theme particle 455:462 arg1 fraction 464:471 a higher fine particle fraction 441:471 a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) 441:483 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 3 27 theme particle 455:462 arg1 <5 μm 478:482 FPF <5 μm 474:482 FPF <5 μm 474:482 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 0 28 theme combination 107:117 arg1 products 119:126 dry powder inhaler combination products 88:126 dry powder inhaler combination products 88:126 Probing the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products. 29289516 6 29 theme significant 1025:1035 arg1 number 1043:1048 a significant (37%) number 1023:1048 a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles 1023:1079 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 9 30 theme cohesive 1725:1732 arg1 strength 1734:1741 a lower cohesive strength 1717:1741 a lower cohesive strength 1717:1741 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 3 31 theme higher 443:448 arg1 fraction 464:471 a higher fine particle fraction 441:471 a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) 441:483 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 3 31 theme higher 443:448 arg1 <5 μm 478:482 FPF <5 μm 474:482 FPF <5 μm 474:482 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 1 32 theme single 280:285 arg1 SPAMS 323:327 SPAMS 323:327 SPAMS 323:327 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 1 32 theme single 280:285 arg1 spectrometry 309:320 single particle aerosol mass spectrometry 280:320 single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) 280:328 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 7 33 theme magnesium 1241:1249 arg1 excipient 1279:1287 a second excipient 1270:1287 a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform 1270:1344 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 7 33 theme magnesium 1241:1249 arg1 stearate 1251:1258 magnesium stearate 1241:1258 magnesium stearate 1241:1258 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 0 34 theme particulate 12:22 arg1 microstructure 24:37 the particulate microstructure 8:37 the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products 8:126 Probing the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products. 29289516 1 35 theme aerosol 296:302 arg1 SPAMS 323:327 SPAMS 323:327 SPAMS 323:327 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 1 35 theme aerosol 296:302 arg1 spectrometry 309:320 single particle aerosol mass spectrometry 280:320 single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) 280:328 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 4 36 theme aerodynamic 784:794 arg1 MAD 806:808 MAD 806:808 MAD 806:808 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 36 theme aerodynamic 784:794 arg1 diameter 796:803 a median aerodynamic diameter 775:803 a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm 775:819 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 8 37 from particles 1439:1447 arg1 NEXThaler® 1460:1469 NEXThaler® 1460:1469 NEXThaler® 1460:1469 The data generated using SPAMS suggested that nearly all of the beclomethasone dipropionate particles in Foster® NEXThaler® also contain MgSt and must therefore be co-associated with this additional excipient. 29289516 3 38 theme Foster® 412:418 arg1 NEXThaler® 420:429 Foster® NEXThaler® 412:429 Foster® NEXThaler® 412:429 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 2 39 theme pharmaceutical 344:357 arg1 performance 359:369 The in-vitro pharmaceutical performance 331:369 The in-vitro pharmaceutical performance 331:369 The in-vitro pharmaceutical performance is markedly different for both inhalers. 29289516 2 39 theme pharmaceutical 344:357 arg1 different 383:391 different 383:391 different 383:391 The in-vitro pharmaceutical performance is markedly different for both inhalers. 29289516 0 40 theme aerodynamic 46:56 arg1 distribution 72:83 the aerodynamic particle size distribution 42:83 the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products 42:126 Probing the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products. 29289516 6 41 theme API 1067:1069 arg1 particles 1071:1079 co-associated API particles 1053:1079 co-associated API particles 1053:1079 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 4 42 theme particles 760:768 arg1 number 730:735 a significantly higher number 707:735 a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm 707:819 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 3 43 theme fine 518:521 arg1 fraction 532:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction 489:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm) 489:552 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 3 43 theme fine 518:521 arg1 <2 μm 547:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 9 44 theme superior 1805:1812 arg1 detachment 1814:1823 superior detachment 1805:1823 superior detachment from the carrier 1805:1840 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 4 45 theme particle 602:609 arg1 APSD 630:633 APSD 630:633 APSD 630:633 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 45 theme particle 602:609 arg1 distribution 616:627 the aerodynamic particle size distribution 586:627 the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD) 586:634 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 9 46 dep NEXThaler® 1622:1631 arg1 forms 1633:1637 forms 1633:1637 forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, 1633:1709 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 3 47 theme relative 503:510 arg1 fraction 532:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction 489:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm) 489:552 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 3 47 theme relative 503:510 arg1 <2 μm 547:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 5 48 from ingredients 942:952 arg1 products 969:976 both products 964:976 both products 964:976 Additionally, the interactions between the two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in both products are different. 29289516 8 49 theme additional 1535:1544 arg1 excipient 1546:1554 this additional excipient 1530:1554 this additional excipient 1530:1554 The data generated using SPAMS suggested that nearly all of the beclomethasone dipropionate particles in Foster® NEXThaler® also contain MgSt and must therefore be co-associated with this additional excipient. 29289516 3 50 theme eFPF 542:545 arg1 fraction 532:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction 489:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm) 489:552 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 3 50 theme eFPF 542:545 arg1 <2 μm 547:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 7 51 theme so-called 1310:1318 arg1 excipient 1326:1334 a so-called 'dual excipient' 1308:1335 a so-called 'dual excipient' platform 1308:1344 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 6 52 theme co-associated 1110:1122 arg1 particles 1128:1136 co-associated API particles 1110:1136 co-associated API particles 1110:1136 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 4 53 theme composition 571:581 arg1 terms 558:562 terms 558:562 terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD) 558:634 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 1 54 theme dry 181:183 arg1 inhaler 192:198 combination dry powder inhaler 169:198 two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products 165:213 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 1 54 theme dry 181:183 arg1 DPI 201:203 DPI 201:203 DPI 201:203 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 7 55 theme excipient 1326:1334 arg1 platform 1337:1344 a so-called 'dual excipient' platform 1308:1344 a so-called 'dual excipient' platform 1308:1344 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 1 56 theme inhaler 192:198 arg1 products 206:213 two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products 165:213 two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products 165:213 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 1 56 theme inhaler 192:198 arg1 NEXThaler® 224:233 NEXThaler® 224:233 NEXThaler® 224:233 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 1 56 theme inhaler 192:198 arg1 Diskus® 249:255 Diskus® 249:255 Diskus® 249:255 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 4 57 theme 3.1 μm 865:870 arg1 MAD 858:860 a larger MAD 849:860 a larger MAD of 3.1 μm 849:870 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 58 theme distribution 616:627 arg1 composition 571:581 the composition 567:581 the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD) 567:634 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 2 59 theme in-vitro 335:342 arg1 performance 359:369 The in-vitro pharmaceutical performance 331:369 The in-vitro pharmaceutical performance 331:369 The in-vitro pharmaceutical performance is markedly different for both inhalers. 29289516 2 59 theme in-vitro 335:342 arg1 different 383:391 different 383:391 different 383:391 The in-vitro pharmaceutical performance is markedly different for both inhalers. 29289516 1 60 theme products 206:213 arg1 performance 150:160 The in-vitro aerosol performance 129:160 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® 129:255 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 9 61 theme particle 1644:1651 arg1 co-associations 1653:1667 less particle co-associations 1639:1667 less particle co-associations 1639:1667 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 9 62 theme smaller 1881:1887 arg1 MAD 1889:1891 smaller MAD 1881:1891 smaller MAD 1881:1891 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 4 63 theme overall 674:680 arg1 NEXThaler® 690:699 overall Foster® NEXThaler® 674:699 overall Foster® NEXThaler® 674:699 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 7 64 contain contains 1232:1239 arg2 stearate 1251:1258 magnesium stearate 1241:1258 magnesium stearate 1241:1258 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 7 64 contain contains 1232:1239 arg2 excipient 1279:1287 a second excipient 1270:1287 a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform 1270:1344 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 7 64 contain contains 1232:1239 arg1 it 1229:1230 it 1229:1230 it 1229:1230 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 1 65 theme in-vitro 133:140 arg1 performance 150:160 The in-vitro aerosol performance 129:160 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® 129:255 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 9 66 theme second 1678:1683 arg1 API 1685:1687 the second API 1674:1687 the second API 1674:1687 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 9 66 theme second 1678:1683 arg1 fumarate 1701:1708 formoterol fumarate 1690:1708 formoterol fumarate 1690:1708 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 6 67 dep found 1143:1147 arg1 % 1174:1174 <1% 1172:1174 <1% 1172:1174 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 7 68 theme major 1180:1184 arg1 difference 1186:1195 A major difference 1178:1195 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® 1178:1219 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 0 69 theme distribution 72:83 arg1 microstructure 24:37 the particulate microstructure 8:37 the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products 8:126 Probing the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products. 29289516 6 70 theme particles 1128:1136 arg1 number 1100:1105 only a negligible number 1082:1105 only a negligible number of co-associated API particles 1082:1136 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 0 71 theme dry 88:90 arg1 products 119:126 dry powder inhaler combination products 88:126 dry powder inhaler combination products 88:126 Probing the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products. 29289516 4 72 contain had 845:847 arg1 Diskus® 837:843 Diskus® 837:843 Diskus® 837:843 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 72 contain had 845:847 arg2 MAD 858:860 a larger MAD 849:860 a larger MAD of 3.1 μm 849:870 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 0 73 theme inhaler 99:105 arg1 products 119:126 dry powder inhaler combination products 88:126 dry powder inhaler combination products 88:126 Probing the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products. 29289516 8 74 theme dipropionate 1426:1437 arg1 particles 1439:1447 the beclomethasone dipropionate particles 1407:1447 the beclomethasone dipropionate particles in Foster® NEXThaler® 1407:1469 The data generated using SPAMS suggested that nearly all of the beclomethasone dipropionate particles in Foster® NEXThaler® also contain MgSt and must therefore be co-associated with this additional excipient. 29289516 0 75 theme products 119:126 arg1 distribution 72:83 the aerodynamic particle size distribution 42:83 the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products 42:126 Probing the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products. 29289516 5 76 theme pharmaceutical 927:940 arg1 APIs 955:958 APIs 955:958 APIs 955:958 Additionally, the interactions between the two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in both products are different. 29289516 5 76 theme pharmaceutical 927:940 arg1 ingredients 942:952 the two active pharmaceutical ingredients 912:952 the two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in both products 912:976 Additionally, the interactions between the two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in both products are different. 29289516 9 77 theme lower 1719:1723 arg1 strength 1734:1741 a lower cohesive strength 1717:1741 a lower cohesive strength 1717:1741 This may help explain why beclomethasone dipropionate in Foster® NEXThaler® forms less particle co-associations with the second API, formoterol fumarate, shows a lower cohesive strength in respect to beclomethasone itself and why both APIs exhibit superior detachment from the carrier as evidenced by the increased eFPF and smaller MAD. 29289516 6 78 located found 1143:1147 arg1 NEXThaler® 1160:1169 NEXThaler® 1160:1169 NEXThaler® 1160:1169 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 6 78 located found 1143:1147 arg2 number 1100:1105 only a negligible number 1082:1105 only a negligible number of co-associated API particles 1082:1136 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 3 79 theme fine 450:453 arg1 fraction 464:471 a higher fine particle fraction 441:471 a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) 441:483 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 3 79 theme fine 450:453 arg1 <5 μm 478:482 FPF <5 μm 474:482 FPF <5 μm 474:482 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 1 80 theme particle 287:294 arg1 SPAMS 323:327 SPAMS 323:327 SPAMS 323:327 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 1 80 theme particle 287:294 arg1 spectrometry 309:320 single particle aerosol mass spectrometry 280:320 single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) 280:328 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 7 81 from excipient 1279:1287 arg1 platform 1337:1344 a so-called 'dual excipient' platform 1308:1344 a so-called 'dual excipient' platform 1308:1344 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 4 82 theme higher 723:728 arg1 number 730:735 a significantly higher number 707:735 a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm 707:819 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 1 83 theme mass 304:307 arg1 SPAMS 323:327 SPAMS 323:327 SPAMS 323:327 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 1 83 theme mass 304:307 arg1 spectrometry 309:320 single particle aerosol mass spectrometry 280:320 single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) 280:328 The in-vitro aerosol performance of two combination dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® were investigated with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). 29289516 7 84 dep contains 1232:1239 arg1 MgSt 1261:1264 MgSt 1261:1264 MgSt 1261:1264 A major difference with Foster® NEXThaler® is that it contains magnesium stearate (MgSt) as a second excipient besides lactose in a so-called 'dual excipient' platform. 29289516 4 85 theme median 777:782 arg1 MAD 806:808 MAD 806:808 MAD 806:808 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 85 theme median 777:782 arg1 diameter 796:803 a median aerodynamic diameter 775:803 a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm 775:819 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 3 86 theme FPF 474:476 arg1 fraction 464:471 a higher fine particle fraction 441:471 a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) 441:483 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 3 86 theme FPF 474:476 arg1 <5 μm 478:482 FPF <5 μm 474:482 FPF <5 μm 474:482 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 0 87 theme particle 58:65 arg1 distribution 72:83 the aerodynamic particle size distribution 42:83 the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products 42:126 Probing the particulate microstructure of the aerodynamic particle size distribution of dry powder inhaler combination products. 29289516 6 88 theme particles 1071:1079 arg1 number 1043:1048 a significant (37%) number 1023:1048 a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles 1023:1079 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 3 89 theme higher 496:501 arg1 fraction 532:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction 489:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm) 489:552 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 3 89 theme higher 496:501 arg1 <2 μm 547:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 6 90 theme co-associated 1053:1065 arg1 particles 1071:1079 co-associated API particles 1053:1079 co-associated API particles 1053:1079 While Seretide® Diskus® emits a significant (37%) number of co-associated API particles, only a negligible number of co-associated API particles were found in Foster® NEXThaler® (<1%). 29289516 4 91 theme aerodynamic 590:600 arg1 APSD 630:633 APSD 630:633 APSD 630:633 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 91 theme aerodynamic 590:600 arg1 distribution 616:627 the aerodynamic particle size distribution 586:627 the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD) 586:634 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 92 theme fine 755:758 arg1 particles 760:768 extra fine particles 749:768 extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm 749:819 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 93 theme size 611:614 arg1 APSD 630:633 APSD 630:633 APSD 630:633 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 4 93 theme size 611:614 arg1 distribution 616:627 the aerodynamic particle size distribution 586:627 the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD) 586:634 In terms of the composition of the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), it could be verified with SPAMS that overall Foster® NEXThaler® emits a significantly higher number of fine and extra fine particles with a median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) of 2.1 μm while Seretide® Diskus® had a larger MAD of 3.1 μm. 29289516 3 94 theme particle 523:530 arg1 fraction 532:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction 489:539 a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm) 489:552 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 29289516 3 94 theme particle 523:530 arg1 <2 μm 547:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 eFPF <2 μm 542:551 Foster® NEXThaler® generates a higher fine particle fraction (FPF <5 μm) and a much higher relative extra fine particle fraction (eFPF <2 μm). 27011167 0 0 theme Typhimurium 96:106 arg1 Mutants 108:114 Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants 85:114 Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice 85:141 Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice. 27011167 3 1 from colonization 698:709 arg1 host 718:721 the host 714:721 the host 714:721 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 3 2 theme previous 494:501 arg1 study 503:507 our previous study 490:507 our previous study 490:507 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 5 3 theme heterologous 1243:1254 arg1 challenge 1276:1284 homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge 1229:1284 homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge 1229:1284 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 7 4 theme homologous 1583:1592 arg1 serotype 1611:1618 homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella 1583:1629 homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella 1583:1629 The OMPs from these three mutants were also selected to determine the cross-protective efficacy against homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella. 27011167 0 5 theme Salmonella 85:94 arg1 Mutants 108:114 Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants 85:114 Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice 85:141 Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice. 27011167 5 6 from mutants 1149:1155 arg1 immunogenicity 1076:1089 immunogenicity 1076:1089 immunogenicity 1076:1089 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 5 6 from mutants 1149:1155 arg1 efficiency 1112:1121 cross-protection efficiency 1095:1121 cross-protection efficiency 1095:1121 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 5 6 from mutants 1149:1155 arg1 OMPs 1135:1138 purified OMPs 1126:1138 purified OMPs from all mutants 1126:1155 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 2 7 theme high 340:343 arg1 immunogenicity 345:358 high immunogenicity 340:358 high immunogenicity 340:358 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 5 8 theme serotype 1256:1263 arg1 challenge 1276:1284 homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge 1229:1284 homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge 1229:1284 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 1 9 theme Typhimurium 258:268 arg1 membrane 218:225 the outer membrane 208:225 the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 208:285 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 4 10 theme membrane 772:779 arg1 proteins 781:788 outer membrane proteins 766:788 outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, 766:972 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 2 11 theme Outer 288:292 arg1 proteins 303:310 Outer membrane proteins 288:310 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella 288:333 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 2 11 theme Outer 288:292 arg1 OMPs 313:316 OMPs 313:316 OMPs 313:316 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 3 12 theme truncated 559:567 arg1 LPS 569:571 truncated LPS 559:571 truncated LPS 559:571 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 5 13 theme OMP 1198:1200 arg1 vaccine 1202:1208 a potential OMP vaccine 1186:1208 a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge 1186:1284 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 8 14 theme good 1729:1732 arg1 protection 1734:1743 good protection 1729:1743 good protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis infection 1729:1796 Our results indicated that the mutant ∆waaC12 can elicit higher cross-reactivity and can provide good protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis infection and that the cross-reactivity may be ascribed to an antigen of approximately 18.4-30 kDa. 27011167 4 15 theme mutations 869:877 arg1 series 850:855 a series 848:855 a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, 848:972 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 8 16 theme S. 1753:1754 arg1 Choleraesuis 1756:1767 S. Choleraesuis 1753:1767 S. Choleraesuis 1753:1767 Our results indicated that the mutant ∆waaC12 can elicit higher cross-reactivity and can provide good protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis infection and that the cross-reactivity may be ascribed to an antigen of approximately 18.4-30 kDa. 27011167 8 17 theme mutant 1663:1668 arg1 ∆waaC12 1670:1676 the mutant ∆waaC12 1659:1676 the mutant ∆waaC12 1659:1676 Our results indicated that the mutant ∆waaC12 can elicit higher cross-reactivity and can provide good protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis infection and that the cross-reactivity may be ascribed to an antigen of approximately 18.4-30 kDa. 27011167 6 18 theme immune 1398:1403 arg1 responses 1405:1413 higher immune responses 1391:1413 higher immune responses 1391:1413 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 2 19 from Salmonella 324:333 arg1 proteins 303:310 Outer membrane proteins 288:310 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella 288:333 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 2 19 from Salmonella 324:333 arg1 OMPs 313:316 OMPs 313:316 OMPs 313:316 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 4 20 theme Salmonella 1035:1044 arg1 challenge 1046:1054 diverse Salmonella challenge 1027:1054 diverse Salmonella challenge 1027:1054 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 4 21 theme nonpolar 860:867 arg1 mutations 869:877 nonpolar mutations 860:877 nonpolar mutations 860:877 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 4 21 theme nonpolar 860:867 arg1 ∆wzy-48 965:971 ∆wzy-48 965:971 ∆wzy-48 965:971 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 4 21 theme nonpolar 860:867 arg1 ∆wbaP45 953:959 ∆wbaP45 953:959 ∆wbaP45 953:959 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 0 22 theme Truncated 121:129 arg1 LPS 131:133 Truncated LPS 121:133 Truncated LPS in Mice 121:141 Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice. 27011167 3 23 from attenuation 678:688 arg1 host 718:721 the host 714:721 the host 714:721 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 1 24 theme major 174:178 arg1 factor 190:195 a major virulence factor 172:195 a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 172:285 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 1 24 theme major 174:178 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 144:161 Lipopolysaccharide 144:161 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 144:167 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 2 25 theme membrane 448:455 arg1 composition 457:467 the outer membrane composition 438:467 the outer membrane composition of the cell wall 438:484 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 2 26 theme wall 481:484 arg1 composition 457:467 the outer membrane composition 438:467 the outer membrane composition of the cell wall 438:484 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 8 27 dep S. 1773:1774 arg1 Enteritidis 1776:1786 Enteritidis 1776:1786 Enteritidis 1776:1786 Our results indicated that the mutant ∆waaC12 can elicit higher cross-reactivity and can provide good protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis infection and that the cross-reactivity may be ascribed to an antigen of approximately 18.4-30 kDa. 27011167 7 28 from mutants 1505:1511 arg1 OMPs 1483:1486 The OMPs 1479:1486 The OMPs from these three mutants 1479:1511 The OMPs from these three mutants were also selected to determine the cross-protective efficacy against homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella. 27011167 1 29 theme virulence 180:188 arg1 factor 190:195 a major virulence factor 172:195 a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 172:285 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 1 29 theme virulence 180:188 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 144:161 Lipopolysaccharide 144:161 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 144:167 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 2 30 theme outer 442:446 arg1 composition 457:467 the outer membrane composition 438:467 the outer membrane composition of the cell wall 438:484 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 0 31 from Mutants 108:114 arg1 Proteins 71:78 Outer Membrane Proteins 56:78 Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice 56:141 Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice. 27011167 7 32 dep serotype 1611:1618 arg1 Salmonella 1620:1629 homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella 1583:1629 homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella 1583:1629 The OMPs from these three mutants were also selected to determine the cross-protective efficacy against homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella. 27011167 3 33 contain carrying 550:557 arg1 mutants 542:548 Salmonella mutants 531:548 Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS 531:571 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 3 33 contain carrying 550:557 arg2 LPS 569:571 truncated LPS 559:571 truncated LPS 559:571 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 0 34 with Mutants 108:114 arg1 LPS 131:133 Truncated LPS 121:133 Truncated LPS in Mice 121:141 Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice. 27011167 8 35 theme S. 1773:1774 arg1 infection 1788:1796 S. Enteritidis infection 1773:1796 S. Enteritidis infection 1773:1796 Our results indicated that the mutant ∆waaC12 can elicit higher cross-reactivity and can provide good protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis infection and that the cross-reactivity may be ascribed to an antigen of approximately 18.4-30 kDa. 27011167 1 36 theme present 197:203 arg1 factor 190:195 a major virulence factor 172:195 a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 172:285 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 1 36 theme present 197:203 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 144:161 Lipopolysaccharide 144:161 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 144:167 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 0 37 theme Cross-Protective 19:34 arg1 Efficacy 36:43 Cross-Protective Efficacy 19:43 Cross-Protective Efficacy 19:43 Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice. 27011167 4 38 theme outer 766:770 arg1 proteins 781:788 outer membrane proteins 766:788 outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, 766:972 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 2 39 theme membrane 294:301 arg1 proteins 303:310 Outer membrane proteins 288:310 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella 288:333 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 2 39 theme membrane 294:301 arg1 OMPs 313:316 OMPs 313:316 OMPs 313:316 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 5 40 theme Salmonella 1265:1274 arg1 challenge 1276:1284 homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge 1229:1284 homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge 1229:1284 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 2 41 theme truncated 417:425 arg1 LPS 427:429 truncated LPS 417:429 truncated LPS 417:429 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 2 42 theme cell 476:479 arg1 wall 481:484 the cell wall 472:484 the cell wall 472:484 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 6 43 from mutants 1344:1350 arg1 OMPs 1317:1320 OMPs 1317:1320 OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) 1317:1381 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 6 44 theme Salmonella 1333:1342 arg1 ∆waaJ44 1362:1368 ∆waaJ44 1362:1368 ∆waaJ44 1362:1368 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 6 44 theme Salmonella 1333:1342 arg1 ∆waaC12 1353:1359 ∆waaC12 1353:1359 ∆waaC12 1353:1359 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 6 44 theme Salmonella 1333:1342 arg1 mutants 1344:1350 three Salmonella mutants 1327:1350 three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) 1327:1381 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 6 44 theme Salmonella 1333:1342 arg1 ∆waaL46 1374:1380 ∆waaL46 1374:1380 ∆waaL46 1374:1380 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 7 45 theme cross-protective 1549:1564 arg1 efficacy 1566:1573 the cross-protective efficacy 1545:1573 the cross-protective efficacy against homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella 1545:1629 The OMPs from these three mutants were also selected to determine the cross-protective efficacy against homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella. 27011167 3 46 theme strong 590:595 arg1 responses 604:612 strong immune responses 590:612 strong immune responses 590:612 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 5 47 theme OMPs 1135:1138 arg1 immunogenicity 1076:1089 immunogenicity 1076:1089 immunogenicity 1076:1089 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 5 47 theme OMPs 1135:1138 arg1 efficiency 1112:1121 cross-protection efficiency 1095:1121 cross-protection efficiency 1095:1121 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 5 48 theme potential 1188:1196 arg1 vaccine 1202:1208 a potential OMP vaccine 1186:1208 a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge 1186:1284 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 3 49 theme other 636:640 arg1 bacteria 650:657 other enteric bacteria 636:657 other enteric bacteria 636:657 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 3 50 theme immune 597:602 arg1 responses 604:612 strong immune responses 590:612 strong immune responses 590:612 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 1 51 theme outer 212:216 arg1 membrane 218:225 the outer membrane 208:225 the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 208:285 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 0 52 theme Membrane 62:69 arg1 Proteins 71:78 Outer Membrane Proteins 56:78 Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice 56:141 Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice. 27011167 5 53 dep immunogenicity 1076:1089 arg1 the 1072:1074 the 1072:1074 the 1072:1074 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 4 54 theme truncated 819:827 arg1 LPS 829:831 truncated LPS 819:831 truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, 819:972 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 3 55 theme enteric 642:648 arg1 bacteria 650:657 other enteric bacteria 636:657 other enteric bacteria 636:657 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 6 56 dep mutants 1344:1350 arg1 ∆waaJ44 1362:1368 ∆waaJ44 1362:1368 ∆waaJ44 1362:1368 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 6 56 dep mutants 1344:1350 arg1 ∆waaC12 1353:1359 ∆waaC12 1353:1359 ∆waaC12 1353:1359 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 6 56 dep mutants 1344:1350 arg1 mutants 1344:1350 three Salmonella mutants 1327:1350 three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) 1327:1381 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 6 56 dep mutants 1344:1350 arg1 ∆waaL46 1374:1380 ∆waaL46 1374:1380 ∆waaL46 1374:1380 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 0 57 theme Outer 56:60 arg1 Proteins 71:78 Outer Membrane Proteins 56:78 Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice 56:141 Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice. 27011167 5 58 theme cross-protection 1095:1110 arg1 efficiency 1112:1121 cross-protection efficiency 1095:1121 cross-protection efficiency 1095:1121 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 0 59 from LPS 131:133 arg1 Mice 138:141 Mice 138:141 Mice 138:141 Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice. 27011167 3 60 theme high 673:676 arg1 attenuation 678:688 high attenuation 673:688 high attenuation 673:688 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 1 61 from present 197:203 arg1 membrane 218:225 the outer membrane 208:225 the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 208:285 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 8 62 theme higher 1689:1694 arg1 cross-reactivity 1696:1711 higher cross-reactivity 1689:1711 higher cross-reactivity 1689:1711 Our results indicated that the mutant ∆waaC12 can elicit higher cross-reactivity and can provide good protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis infection and that the cross-reactivity may be ascribed to an antigen of approximately 18.4-30 kDa. 27011167 1 63 from membrane 218:225 arg1 present 197:203 present 197:203 present 197:203 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 1 64 attach present 197:203 arg2 Lipopolysaccharide 144:161 Lipopolysaccharide 144:161 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 144:167 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 1 64 attach present 197:203 arg1 membrane 218:225 the outer membrane 208:225 the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 208:285 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 1 64 attach present 197:203 arg2 factor 190:195 a major virulence factor 172:195 a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 172:285 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 4 65 from mutants 806:812 arg1 proteins 781:788 outer membrane proteins 766:788 outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, 766:972 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 5 66 theme purified 1126:1133 arg1 OMPs 1135:1138 purified OMPs 1126:1138 purified OMPs from all mutants 1126:1155 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 4 67 dep affect 974:979 arg1 whether 758:764 whether 758:764 whether 758:764 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 3 68 theme Salmonella 531:540 arg1 mutants 542:548 Salmonella mutants 531:548 Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS 531:571 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 6 69 theme good 1428:1431 arg1 protection 1433:1442 good protection 1428:1442 good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium 1428:1476 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 6 70 theme higher 1391:1396 arg1 responses 1405:1413 higher immune responses 1391:1413 higher immune responses 1391:1413 The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. 27011167 1 71 dep Typhimurium 258:268 arg1 Typhimurium 274:284 S. Typhimurium 271:284 S. Typhimurium 271:284 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). 27011167 4 72 theme Salmonella 795:804 arg1 mutants 806:812 Salmonella mutants 795:812 Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, 795:972 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 8 73 theme kDa 1883:1885 arg1 antigen 1850:1856 an antigen 1847:1856 an antigen of approximately 18.4-30 kDa 1847:1885 Our results indicated that the mutant ∆waaC12 can elicit higher cross-reactivity and can provide good protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis infection and that the cross-reactivity may be ascribed to an antigen of approximately 18.4-30 kDa. 27011167 5 74 from efficiency 1112:1121 arg1 mutants 1149:1155 all mutants 1145:1155 all mutants 1145:1155 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 2 75 theme Salmonella 391:400 arg1 infection 402:410 Salmonella infection 391:410 Salmonella infection 391:410 Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. 27011167 7 76 theme heterologous 1598:1609 arg1 serotype 1611:1618 homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella 1583:1629 homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella 1583:1629 The OMPs from these three mutants were also selected to determine the cross-protective efficacy against homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella. 27011167 3 77 theme low 694:696 arg1 colonization 698:709 low colonization 694:709 low colonization 694:709 In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. 27011167 5 78 theme homologous 1229:1238 arg1 challenge 1276:1284 homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge 1229:1284 homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge 1229:1284 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 5 79 from immunogenicity 1076:1089 arg1 mutants 1149:1155 all mutants 1145:1155 all mutants 1145:1155 In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. 27011167 4 80 theme diverse 1027:1033 arg1 challenge 1046:1054 diverse Salmonella challenge 1027:1054 diverse Salmonella challenge 1027:1054 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 27011167 4 81 with mutants 806:812 arg1 LPS 829:831 truncated LPS 819:831 truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, 819:972 Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. 26842896 14 0 theme type 1503:1506 arg1 strain 1508:1513 The type strain 1499:1513 The type strain of the type species 1499:1533 The type strain of the type species is MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T). 26842896 14 0 theme type 1503:1506 arg1 MWE-A11T 1538:1545 MWE-A11T 1538:1545 MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T) 1538:1571 The type strain of the type species is MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T). 26842896 9 1 theme sequence 1020:1027 arg1 Humibacter 982:991 Humibacter 982:991 Humibacter 982:991 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 9 1 theme sequence 1020:1027 arg1 similarity 1029:1038 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1038 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1038 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 3 2 dep aerobic 242:248 arg1 rod-shaped 281:290 rod-shaped 281:290 rod-shaped 281:290 The isolate was aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and short rod-shaped, and the colonies were yellow and circular with entire margin. 26842896 3 2 dep aerobic 242:248 arg1 aerobic 242:248 aerobic 242:248 aerobic 242:248 The isolate was aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and short rod-shaped, and the colonies were yellow and circular with entire margin. 26842896 3 2 dep aerobic 242:248 arg1 isolate 230:236 The isolate 226:236 The isolate 226:236 The isolate was aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and short rod-shaped, and the colonies were yellow and circular with entire margin. 26842896 14 3 theme species 1527:1533 arg1 strain 1508:1513 The type strain 1499:1513 The type strain of the type species 1499:1533 The type strain of the type species is MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T). 26842896 14 3 theme species 1527:1533 arg1 MWE-A11T 1538:1545 MWE-A11T 1538:1545 MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T) 1538:1571 The type strain of the type species is MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T). 26842896 14 4 theme =JCM 1548:1551 arg1 29232T 1565:1570 =JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T 1548:1570 =JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T 1548:1570 The type strain of the type species is MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T). 26842896 14 4 theme =JCM 1548:1551 arg1 MWE-A11T 1538:1545 MWE-A11T 1538:1545 MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T) 1538:1571 The type strain of the type species is MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T). 26842896 9 5 theme type 966:969 arg1 strains 971:977 the type strains 962:977 the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp 962:1149 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 0 6 dep sp 39:40 arg1 nov. 33:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 0:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 0:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 26842896 13 7 theme family 1473:1478 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1480:1496 the family Microbacteriaceae 1469:1496 the family Microbacteriaceae 1469:1496 nov. is proposed to accommodate a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae. 26842896 11 8 theme strain 1311:1316 arg1 MWE-A11T 1318:1325 strain MWE-A11T 1311:1325 strain MWE-A11T 1311:1325 However, the combination of chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain MWE-A11T from the related taxa at genus level. 26842896 7 9 theme polar 572:576 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 590:611 diphosphatidylglycerol 590:611 diphosphatidylglycerol 590:611 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. 26842896 7 9 theme polar 572:576 arg1 lipids 578:583 The main polar lipids 563:583 The main polar lipids 563:583 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. 26842896 9 10 theme 16S 814:816 arg1 comparisons 837:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 13 11 theme Microbacteriaceae 1480:1496 arg1 member 1459:1464 a new member 1453:1464 a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae 1453:1496 nov. is proposed to accommodate a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae. 26842896 2 12 theme wild 191:194 arg1 mugwort 216:222 mugwort 216:222 mugwort 216:222 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T was isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 2 12 theme wild 191:194 arg1 princeps 206:213 wild Artemisia princeps 191:213 wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort) 191:223 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T was isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 11 13 theme properties 1278:1287 arg1 combination 1248:1258 the combination 1244:1258 the combination of chemotaxonomic properties 1244:1287 However, the combination of chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain MWE-A11T from the related taxa at genus level. 26842896 2 14 theme novel 112:116 arg1 actinobacterium 118:132 A novel actinobacterium 110:132 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T 110:159 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T was isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 9 15 theme rRNA 818:821 arg1 comparisons 837:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 8 16 contain contained 685:693 arg2 acid 745:748 the diagnostic diamino acid 722:748 the diagnostic diamino acid 722:748 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26842896 8 16 contain contained 685:693 arg1 peptidoglycan 671:683 The peptidoglycan 667:683 The peptidoglycan 667:683 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26842896 8 16 contain contained 685:693 arg2 acid 714:717 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 695:717 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 695:717 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26842896 6 17 theme fatty 478:482 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 495:507 anteiso-C15:0 495:507 anteiso-C15:0 495:507 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. 26842896 6 17 theme fatty 478:482 arg1 acids 484:488 The predominant fatty acids 462:488 The predominant fatty acids 462:488 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. 26842896 9 18 theme gene 823:826 arg1 comparisons 837:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 0 19 theme endophyticus 15:26 arg1 nov. 33:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 0:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 0:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 26842896 7 20 theme main 567:570 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 590:611 diphosphatidylglycerol 590:611 diphosphatidylglycerol 590:611 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. 26842896 7 20 theme main 567:570 arg1 lipids 578:583 The main polar lipids 563:583 The main polar lipids 563:583 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. 26842896 9 21 theme sequence 828:835 arg1 comparisons 837:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 814:847 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 13 22 theme new 1455:1457 arg1 member 1459:1464 a new member 1453:1464 a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae 1453:1496 nov. is proposed to accommodate a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae. 26842896 2 23 attach isolated 165:172 arg2 actinobacterium 118:132 A novel actinobacterium 110:132 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T 110:159 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T was isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 2 23 attach isolated 165:172 arg1 root 183:186 the root 179:186 the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort) 179:223 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T was isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 0 24 theme Allohumibacter 0:13 arg1 nov. 33:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 0:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 0:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 26842896 9 25 dep Humibacter 982:991 arg1 subsp 1145:1149 subsp 1145:1149 Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp 982:1149 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 9 25 dep Humibacter 982:991 arg1 antri 993:997 Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 982:1039 Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 982:1039 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 11 26 theme genus 1352:1356 arg1 level 1358:1362 genus level 1352:1362 genus level 1352:1362 However, the combination of chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain MWE-A11T from the related taxa at genus level. 26842896 6 27 theme 68.8 mol 552:559 arg1 content 540:546 the DNA G+C content 528:546 the DNA G+C content 528:546 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. 26842896 6 27 theme 68.8 mol 552:559 arg1 % 560:560 68.8 mol% 552:560 68.8 mol% 552:560 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. 26842896 8 28 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 695:712 arg1 acid 745:748 the diagnostic diamino acid 722:748 the diagnostic diamino acid 722:748 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26842896 8 28 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 695:712 arg1 acid 714:717 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 695:717 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 695:717 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26842896 6 29 theme predominant 466:476 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 495:507 anteiso-C15:0 495:507 anteiso-C15:0 495:507 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. 26842896 6 29 theme predominant 466:476 arg1 acids 484:488 The predominant fatty acids 462:488 The predominant fatty acids 462:488 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. 26842896 1 30 theme wild 75:78 arg1 mugwort 100:106 mugwort 100:106 mugwort 100:106 nov., isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 1 30 theme wild 75:78 arg1 princeps 90:97 wild Artemisia princeps 75:97 wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort) 75:107 nov., isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 9 31 dep Leifsonia 1102:1110 arg1 lichenia 1112:1119 Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%) 1102:1127 Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%) 1102:1127 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 0 32 theme gen. 28:31 arg1 nov. 33:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 0:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 0:36 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 26842896 12 33 theme gen. 1406:1409 arg1 nov. 1411:1414 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 1378:1414 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 1378:1414 Accordingly, Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 26842896 1 34 theme Artemisia 80:88 arg1 mugwort 100:106 mugwort 100:106 mugwort 100:106 nov., isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 1 34 theme Artemisia 80:88 arg1 princeps 90:97 wild Artemisia princeps 75:97 wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort) 75:107 nov., isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 11 35 theme related 1336:1342 arg1 taxa 1344:1347 the related taxa 1332:1347 the related taxa at genus level 1332:1362 However, the combination of chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain MWE-A11T from the related taxa at genus level. 26842896 9 36 theme strain 864:869 arg1 MWE-A11T 871:878 strain MWE-A11T 864:878 strain MWE-A11T 864:878 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 12 37 theme endophyticus 1393:1404 arg1 nov. 1411:1414 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 1378:1414 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 1378:1414 Accordingly, Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 26842896 2 38 theme princeps 206:213 arg1 root 183:186 the root 179:186 the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort) 179:223 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T was isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 9 39 theme rRNA 1010:1013 arg1 Humibacter 982:991 Humibacter 982:991 Humibacter 982:991 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 9 39 theme rRNA 1010:1013 arg1 similarity 1029:1038 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1038 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1038 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 6 40 theme G+C 536:538 arg1 content 540:546 the DNA G+C content 528:546 the DNA G+C content 528:546 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. 26842896 6 40 theme G+C 536:538 arg1 % 560:560 68.8 mol% 552:560 68.8 mol% 552:560 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. 26842896 8 41 theme diamino 737:743 arg1 acid 745:748 the diagnostic diamino acid 722:748 the diagnostic diamino acid 722:748 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26842896 8 41 theme diamino 737:743 arg1 acid 714:717 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 695:717 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 695:717 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26842896 9 42 theme Humibacter 982:991 arg1 strains 971:977 the type strains 962:977 the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp 962:1149 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 2 43 theme strain 145:150 arg1 MWE-A11T 152:159 strain MWE-A11T 145:159 strain MWE-A11T 145:159 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T was isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 2 44 theme Artemisia 196:204 arg1 mugwort 216:222 mugwort 216:222 mugwort 216:222 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T was isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 2 44 theme Artemisia 196:204 arg1 princeps 206:213 wild Artemisia princeps 191:213 wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort) 191:223 A novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T was isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 6 45 theme DNA 532:534 arg1 content 540:546 the DNA G+C content 528:546 the DNA G+C content 528:546 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. 26842896 6 45 theme DNA 532:534 arg1 % 560:560 68.8 mol% 552:560 68.8 mol% 552:560 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. 26842896 8 46 theme diagnostic 726:735 arg1 acid 745:748 the diagnostic diamino acid 722:748 the diagnostic diamino acid 722:748 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26842896 8 46 theme diagnostic 726:735 arg1 acid 714:717 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 695:717 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 695:717 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26842896 12 47 dep sp 1417:1418 arg1 nov. 1411:1414 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 1378:1414 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 1378:1414 Accordingly, Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 26842896 3 48 with yellow 315:320 arg1 margin 347:352 entire margin 340:352 entire margin 340:352 The isolate was aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and short rod-shaped, and the colonies were yellow and circular with entire margin. 26842896 1 49 theme princeps 90:97 arg1 root 67:70 the root 63:70 the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort) 63:107 nov., isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). 26842896 14 50 theme type 1522:1525 arg1 species 1527:1533 the type species 1518:1533 the type species 1518:1533 The type strain of the type species is MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T). 26842896 7 51 theme unidentified 642:653 arg1 glycolipid 655:664 an unidentified glycolipid 639:664 an unidentified glycolipid 639:664 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. 26842896 11 52 from level 1358:1362 arg1 taxa 1344:1347 the related taxa 1332:1347 the related taxa at genus level 1332:1362 However, the combination of chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain MWE-A11T from the related taxa at genus level. 26842896 9 53 theme 16S 1006:1008 arg1 Humibacter 982:991 Humibacter 982:991 Humibacter 982:991 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 9 53 theme 16S 1006:1008 arg1 similarity 1029:1038 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1038 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1038 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 9 54 theme 96.4 1000:1003 arg1 % 1004:1004 % 1004:1004 % 1004:1004 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 14 55 theme 19371T=KCTC 1553:1563 arg1 29232T 1565:1570 =JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T 1548:1570 =JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T 1548:1570 The type strain of the type species is MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T). 26842896 14 55 theme 19371T=KCTC 1553:1563 arg1 MWE-A11T 1538:1545 MWE-A11T 1538:1545 MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T) 1538:1571 The type strain of the type species is MWE-A11T (=JCM 19371T=KCTC 29232T). 26842896 9 56 dep Herbiconiux 1042:1052 arg1 moechotypicola 1054:1067 Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%) 1042:1075 Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%) 1042:1075 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 9 57 theme % 1004:1004 arg1 Humibacter 982:991 Humibacter 982:991 Humibacter 982:991 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 9 57 theme % 1004:1004 arg1 similarity 1029:1038 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1038 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1038 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 12 58 theme Allohumibacter 1378:1391 arg1 nov. 1411:1414 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 1378:1414 Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov. 1378:1414 Accordingly, Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 26842896 5 59 theme predominant 408:418 arg1 MK-11 445:449 MK-11 445:449 MK-11 445:449 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-11 and MK-10. 26842896 5 59 theme predominant 408:418 arg1 quinones 431:438 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 404:438 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 404:438 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-11 and MK-10. 26842896 9 60 theme family 904:909 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 911:927 the family Microbacteriaceae 900:927 the family Microbacteriaceae 900:927 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 5 61 theme isoprenoid 420:429 arg1 MK-11 445:449 MK-11 445:449 MK-11 445:449 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-11 and MK-10. 26842896 5 61 theme isoprenoid 420:429 arg1 quinones 431:438 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 404:438 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 404:438 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-11 and MK-10. 26842896 11 62 theme chemotaxonomic 1263:1276 arg1 properties 1278:1287 chemotaxonomic properties 1263:1287 chemotaxonomic properties 1263:1287 However, the combination of chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain MWE-A11T from the related taxa at genus level. 26842896 9 63 theme Phylogenetic 783:794 arg1 analyses 796:803 Phylogenetic analyses 783:803 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 783:847 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 3 64 theme entire 340:345 arg1 margin 347:352 entire margin 340:352 entire margin 340:352 The isolate was aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and short rod-shaped, and the colonies were yellow and circular with entire margin. 26842896 9 65 theme gene 1015:1018 arg1 Humibacter 982:991 Humibacter 982:991 Humibacter 982:991 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 9 65 theme gene 1015:1018 arg1 similarity 1029:1038 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1038 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1038 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3%), Leifsonia soli (96.3%), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2%), Leifsonia xyli subsp. 26842896 8 66 theme acyl 759:762 arg1 glycolyl 773:780 glycolyl 773:780 glycolyl 773:780 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26842896 8 66 theme acyl 759:762 arg1 type 764:767 the acyl type 755:767 the acyl type 755:767 The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. 26704619 16 0 theme ASpG1T=ATCC 2380:2390 arg1 14872T 2405:2410 type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T 2368:2410 type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T 2368:2410 nov. (type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T). 26704619 17 1 theme Alkalispirochaeta 2465:2481 arg1 species 2423:2429 The type species 2414:2429 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 2414:2460 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 17 1 theme Alkalispirochaeta 2465:2481 arg1 comb 2492:2495 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2465:2495 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2465:2495 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 3 2 theme Strain 492:497 arg1 JC227T 499:504 Strain JC227T 492:504 Strain JC227T 492:504 Strain JC227T was Gram-stain-negative, mesophilic, halotolerant and alkaliphilic. 26704619 1 3 theme new 249:251 arg1 combinations 253:264 new combinations 249:264 new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov 249:298 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 9 4 theme genomic 1552:1558 arg1 differences 1560:1570 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences 1481:1570 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa 1481:1601 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 4 5 theme rRNA 587:590 arg1 analysis 606:613 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 583:613 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 583:613 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 12 6 theme odontotermitis 1988:2001 arg1 comb 2092:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 12 6 theme odontotermitis 1988:2001 arg1 reclassification 1923:1938 the reclassification 1919:1938 the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana 1919:2049 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 7 7 theme C14:0 1345:1349 arg1 proportions 1323:1333 significant proportions 1311:1333 significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH 1311:1410 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 4 8 theme genus 645:649 arg1 Spirochaeta 651:661 the genus Spirochaeta 641:661 the genus Spirochaeta 641:661 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 1 9 theme Cryptocercus 167:178 arg1 punctulatus 180:190 Cryptocercus punctulatus 167:190 Cryptocercus punctulatus 167:190 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 1 9 theme Cryptocercus 167:178 arg1 cockroach 156:164 a wood-eating cockroach 142:164 a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus) 142:191 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 9 10 theme described 1588:1596 arg1 taxa 1598:1601 previously described taxa 1577:1601 previously described taxa 1577:1601 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 7 11 theme C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c 1379:1395 arg1 proportions 1323:1333 significant proportions 1311:1333 significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH 1311:1410 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 2 12 theme anaerobic 315:323 arg1 JC227T 355:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T 301:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T 301:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 9 13 from taxa 1598:1601 arg1 differences 1560:1570 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences 1481:1570 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa 1481:1601 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 4 14 theme Spirochaeta 836:846 arg1 members 815:821 other members 809:821 other members of the genus Spirochaeta 809:846 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 12 15 theme americana 2041:2049 arg1 comb 2092:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 12 15 theme americana 2041:2049 arg1 reclassification 1923:1938 the reclassification 1919:1938 the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana 1919:2049 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 15 16 dep comb 2356:2359 arg1 nov 2274:2276 nov 2274:2276 nov 2274:2276 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 15 16 dep comb 2356:2359 arg1 americana 2346:2354 americana 2346:2354 americana 2346:2354 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 15 16 dep comb 2356:2359 arg1 700262T 2315:2321 type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T 2280:2321 type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T 2280:2321 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 6 17 theme Strain 1106:1111 arg1 JC227T 1113:1118 Strain JC227T 1106:1118 Strain JC227T 1106:1118 Strain JC227T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and six unidentified lipids. 26704619 1 18 dep cellulose-hydrolysing 57:77 arg1 halotolerant 94:105 halotolerant 94:105 halotolerant 94:105 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 1 18 dep cellulose-hydrolysing 57:77 arg1 alkaliphilic 80:91 alkaliphilic 80:91 alkaliphilic 80:91 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 15 19 theme Z-7491T=DSM 2292:2302 arg1 nov 2274:2276 nov 2274:2276 nov 2274:2276 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 15 19 theme Z-7491T=DSM 2292:2302 arg1 700262T 2315:2321 type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T 2280:2321 type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T 2280:2321 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 11 20 theme Alkalispirochaeta 1830:1846 arg1 cellulosivorans 1848:1862 Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans 1830:1862 Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans 1830:1862 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T). 26704619 7 21 theme cellular 1285:1292 arg1 C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1247:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1232:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1232:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 7 21 theme cellular 1285:1292 arg1 acid 1300:1303 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1269:1303 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1269:1303 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 15 22 theme type 2280:2283 arg1 nov 2274:2276 nov 2274:2276 nov 2274:2276 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 15 22 theme type 2280:2283 arg1 700262T 2315:2321 type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T 2280:2321 type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T 2280:2321 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 11 23 theme 15343T=NBRC 1881:1891 arg1 110105T 1893:1899 =KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T 1875:1899 =KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T 1875:1899 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T). 26704619 11 23 theme 15343T=NBRC 1881:1891 arg1 JC227T 1867:1872 JC227T 1867:1872 JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T) 1867:1900 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T). 26704619 16 24 dep nov 2362:2364 arg1 14872T 2405:2410 type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T 2368:2410 type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T 2368:2410 nov. (type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T). 26704619 4 25 theme phylogenetic 872:883 arg1 neighbours 885:894 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 860:894 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 860:894 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 9 26 theme genus 1660:1664 arg1 Spirochaeta 1666:1676 the genus Spirochaeta 1656:1676 the genus Spirochaeta 1656:1676 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 14 27 theme alkalica 2259:2266 arg1 comb 2268:2271 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2241:2271 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2241:2271 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 5 28 theme americana 1040:1048 arg1 14872T 1054:1059 S. americana DSM 14872T 1037:1059 S. americana DSM 14872T 1037:1059 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T, S. alkalica DSM 8900T and S. americana DSM 14872T was 62±2, 63, 58±2 and 48±4 %, respectively. 26704619 1 29 theme cockroach 156:164 arg1 gut 135:137 the gut 131:137 the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov 131:298 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 8 30 theme DNA 1417:1419 arg1 % 1462:1462 55.5 mol% 1454:1462 55.5 mol% 1454:1462 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. 26704619 8 30 theme DNA 1417:1419 arg1 content 1425:1431 The DNA G+C content 1413:1431 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T 1413:1448 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. 26704619 5 31 theme S. 1011:1012 arg1 8900T 1027:1031 S. alkalica DSM 8900T 1011:1031 S. alkalica DSM 8900T 1011:1031 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T, S. alkalica DSM 8900T and S. americana DSM 14872T was 62±2, 63, 58±2 and 48±4 %, respectively. 26704619 4 32 dep sphaeroplastigenens 681:699 arg1 JC133T 701:706 JC133T 701:706 Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%) 669:715 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 2 33 theme cockroach 405:413 arg1 punctulatus 429:439 Cryptocercus punctulatus 416:439 Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder) 416:449 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 2 33 theme cockroach 405:413 arg1 gut 384:386 the gut 380:386 the gut of a wood-eating cockroach 380:413 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 5 34 theme DSM 1023:1025 arg1 8900T 1027:1031 S. alkalica DSM 8900T 1011:1031 S. alkalica DSM 8900T 1011:1031 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T, S. alkalica DSM 8900T and S. americana DSM 14872T was 62±2, 63, 58±2 and 48±4 %, respectively. 26704619 8 35 theme strain 1436:1441 arg1 JC227T 1443:1448 strain JC227T 1436:1448 strain JC227T 1436:1448 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. 26704619 2 36 theme India 485:489 arg1 Rann 461:464 the Rann 457:464 the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India 457:489 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 14 37 theme JC202T=KCTC 2207:2217 arg1 110104T 2231:2237 type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T 2195:2237 type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T 2195:2237 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 14 37 theme JC202T=KCTC 2207:2217 arg1 nov 2189:2191 nov 2189:2191 nov 2189:2191 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 9 38 dep differences 1560:1570 arg1 the 1468:1470 the 1468:1470 the 1468:1470 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 9 38 dep differences 1560:1570 arg1 basis 1472:1476 basis 1472:1476 basis 1472:1476 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 13 39 theme odontotermitis 2168:2181 arg1 comb 2183:2186 Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb 2150:2186 Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb 2150:2186 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 7 40 theme feature 1239:1245 arg1 C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1247:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1232:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1232:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 7 40 theme feature 1239:1245 arg1 acid 1300:1303 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1269:1303 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1269:1303 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 14 41 theme type 2195:2198 arg1 110104T 2231:2237 type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T 2195:2237 type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T 2195:2237 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 14 41 theme type 2195:2198 arg1 nov 2189:2191 nov 2189:2191 nov 2189:2191 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 11 42 theme type 1815:1818 arg1 JC227T 1867:1872 JC227T 1867:1872 JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T) 1867:1900 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T). 26704619 11 42 theme type 1815:1818 arg1 strain 1820:1825 The type strain 1811:1825 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans 1811:1862 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T). 26704619 0 43 theme gen. 34:37 arg1 sp 45:46 sp 45:46 sp 45:46 Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 0 43 theme gen. 34:37 arg1 nov. 39:42 gen. nov. 34:42 gen. nov. 34:42 Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 9 44 theme genus 1718:1722 arg1 species 1701:1707 a novel species 1693:1707 a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp 1693:1790 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 6 45 contain contained 1120:1128 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1130:1149 phosphatidylglycerol 1130:1149 phosphatidylglycerol 1130:1149 Strain JC227T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and six unidentified lipids. 26704619 6 45 contain contained 1120:1128 arg2 glycolipid 1192:1201 an unidentified glycolipid 1176:1201 an unidentified glycolipid 1176:1201 Strain JC227T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and six unidentified lipids. 26704619 6 45 contain contained 1120:1128 arg1 JC227T 1113:1118 Strain JC227T 1106:1118 Strain JC227T 1106:1118 Strain JC227T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and six unidentified lipids. 26704619 6 45 contain contained 1120:1128 arg2 lipids 1224:1229 six unidentified lipids 1207:1229 six unidentified lipids 1207:1229 Strain JC227T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and six unidentified lipids. 26704619 6 45 contain contained 1120:1128 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1152:1173 diphosphatidylglycerol 1152:1173 diphosphatidylglycerol 1152:1173 Strain JC227T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and six unidentified lipids. 26704619 2 46 theme Cryptocercus 416:427 arg1 Scudder 442:448 Scudder 442:448 Scudder 442:448 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 2 46 theme Cryptocercus 416:427 arg1 punctulatus 429:439 Cryptocercus punctulatus 416:439 Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder) 416:449 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 2 46 theme Cryptocercus 416:427 arg1 gut 384:386 the gut 380:386 the gut of a wood-eating cockroach 380:413 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 12 47 theme Alkalispirochaeta 2054:2070 arg1 reclassification 1923:1938 the reclassification 1919:1938 the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana 1919:2049 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 12 47 theme Alkalispirochaeta 2054:2070 arg1 comb 2092:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 5 48 theme strain 936:941 arg1 JC227T 943:948 strain JC227T 936:948 strain JC227T 936:948 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T, S. alkalica DSM 8900T and S. americana DSM 14872T was 62±2, 63, 58±2 and 48±4 %, respectively. 26704619 2 49 theme strain 348:353 arg1 JC227T 355:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T 301:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T 301:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 13 50 theme type 2104:2107 arg1 109056T 2140:2146 type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T 2104:2146 type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T 2104:2146 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 13 50 theme type 2104:2107 arg1 nov 2098:2100 nov 2098:2100 nov 2098:2100 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 14 51 dep comb 2268:2271 arg1 110104T 2231:2237 type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T 2195:2237 type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T 2195:2237 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 14 51 dep comb 2268:2271 arg1 nov 2189:2191 nov 2189:2191 nov 2189:2191 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 4 52 theme gene 592:595 arg1 analysis 606:613 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 583:613 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 583:613 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 13 53 theme JC133T=KCTC 2116:2126 arg1 109056T 2140:2146 type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T 2104:2146 type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T 2104:2146 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 13 53 theme JC133T=KCTC 2116:2126 arg1 nov 2098:2100 nov 2098:2100 nov 2098:2100 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 7 54 theme C17:0 1401:1405 arg1 proportions 1323:1333 significant proportions 1311:1333 significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH 1311:1410 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 9 55 theme gen. 1778:1781 arg1 nov. 1783:1786 gen. nov. 1778:1786 gen. nov. 1778:1786 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 9 55 theme gen. 1778:1781 arg1 sp 1789:1790 sp 1789:1790 sp 1789:1790 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 1 56 attach isolated 117:124 arg2 bacterium 107:115 a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium 55:115 a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov 55:298 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 1 56 attach isolated 117:124 arg2 nov. 49:52 nov. 49:52 nov. 49:52 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 1 56 attach isolated 117:124 arg1 gut 135:137 the gut 131:137 the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov 131:298 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 16 57 theme type 2368:2371 arg1 14872T 2405:2410 type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T 2368:2410 type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T 2368:2410 nov. (type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T). 26704619 2 58 attach isolated 366:373 arg1 Rann 461:464 the Rann 457:464 the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India 457:489 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 2 58 attach isolated 366:373 arg1 gut 384:386 the gut 380:386 the gut of a wood-eating cockroach 380:413 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 2 58 attach isolated 366:373 arg1 punctulatus 429:439 Cryptocercus punctulatus 416:439 Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder) 416:449 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 2 58 attach isolated 366:373 arg2 JC227T 355:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T 301:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T 301:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 17 59 theme alkalica 2483:2490 arg1 species 2423:2429 The type species 2414:2429 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 2414:2460 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 17 59 theme alkalica 2483:2490 arg1 comb 2492:2495 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2465:2495 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2465:2495 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 4 60 theme genus 830:834 arg1 Spirochaeta 836:846 the genus Spirochaeta 826:846 the genus Spirochaeta 826:846 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 6 61 theme unidentified 1179:1190 arg1 glycolipid 1192:1201 an unidentified glycolipid 1176:1201 an unidentified glycolipid 1176:1201 Strain JC227T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and six unidentified lipids. 26704619 4 62 theme 16S 583:585 arg1 rRNA 587:590 16S rRNA 583:590 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 583:613 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 7 63 theme C15:1ω6c 1359:1366 arg1 proportions 1323:1333 significant proportions 1311:1333 significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH 1311:1410 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 2 64 theme spirochaete 325:335 arg1 JC227T 355:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T 301:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T 301:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 12 65 theme sphaeroplastigenens 2072:2090 arg1 reclassification 1923:1938 the reclassification 1919:1938 the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana 1919:2049 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 12 65 theme sphaeroplastigenens 2072:2090 arg1 comb 2092:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 9 66 theme strain 1604:1609 arg1 JC227T 1611:1616 strain JC227T 1604:1616 strain JC227T 1604:1616 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 17 67 theme type 2418:2421 arg1 comb 2492:2495 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2465:2495 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2465:2495 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 17 67 theme type 2418:2421 arg1 species 2423:2429 The type species 2414:2429 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 2414:2460 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 4 68 theme strain 616:621 arg1 JC227T 623:628 strain JC227T 616:628 strain JC227T 616:628 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 11 69 theme cellulosivorans 1848:1862 arg1 JC227T 1867:1872 JC227T 1867:1872 JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T) 1867:1900 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T). 26704619 11 69 theme cellulosivorans 1848:1862 arg1 strain 1820:1825 The type strain 1811:1825 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans 1811:1862 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T). 26704619 1 70 theme reclassification 198:213 arg1 gut 135:137 the gut 131:137 the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov 131:298 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 7 71 theme significant 1311:1321 arg1 proportions 1323:1333 significant proportions 1311:1333 significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH 1311:1410 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 7 72 dep C14:0 1345:1349 arg1 2-OH 1407:1410 2-OH 1407:1410 2-OH 1407:1410 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 13 73 dep comb 2183:2186 arg1 109056T 2140:2146 type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T 2104:2146 type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T 2104:2146 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 13 73 dep comb 2183:2186 arg1 nov 2098:2100 nov 2098:2100 nov 2098:2100 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 4 74 theme other 809:813 arg1 members 815:821 other members 809:821 other members of the genus Spirochaeta 809:846 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 6 75 theme unidentified 1211:1222 arg1 lipids 1224:1229 six unidentified lipids 1207:1229 six unidentified lipids 1207:1229 Strain JC227T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and six unidentified lipids. 26704619 15 76 theme 8900T=ATCC 2304:2313 arg1 nov 2274:2276 nov 2274:2276 nov 2274:2276 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 15 76 theme 8900T=ATCC 2304:2313 arg1 700262T 2315:2321 type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T 2280:2321 type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T 2280:2321 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 11 77 theme =KCTC 1875:1879 arg1 110105T 1893:1899 =KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T 1875:1899 =KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T 1875:1899 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T). 26704619 11 77 theme =KCTC 1875:1879 arg1 JC227T 1867:1872 JC227T 1867:1872 JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T) 1867:1900 The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T (=KCTC 15343T=NBRC 110105T). 26704619 7 78 theme fatty 1294:1298 arg1 C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1247:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1232:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1232:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 7 78 theme fatty 1294:1298 arg1 acid 1300:1303 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1269:1303 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1269:1303 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 15 79 theme strain 2285:2290 arg1 nov 2274:2276 nov 2274:2276 nov 2274:2276 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 15 79 theme strain 2285:2290 arg1 700262T 2315:2321 type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T 2280:2321 type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T 2280:2321 nov. (type strain Z-7491T=DSM 8900T=ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. 26704619 17 80 theme Alkalispirochaeta 2434:2450 arg1 nov. 2457:2460 Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 2434:2460 Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 2434:2460 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 4 81 theme closest 864:870 arg1 neighbours 885:894 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 860:894 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 860:894 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 7 82 theme predominant 1273:1283 arg1 C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1247:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1232:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1232:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 7 82 theme predominant 1273:1283 arg1 acid 1300:1303 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1269:1303 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1269:1303 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 5 83 theme S. 1037:1038 arg1 14872T 1054:1059 S. americana DSM 14872T 1037:1059 S. americana DSM 14872T 1037:1059 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T, S. alkalica DSM 8900T and S. americana DSM 14872T was 62±2, 63, 58±2 and 48±4 %, respectively. 26704619 1 84 theme wood-eating 144:154 arg1 punctulatus 180:190 Cryptocercus punctulatus 167:190 Cryptocercus punctulatus 167:190 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 1 84 theme wood-eating 144:154 arg1 cockroach 156:164 a wood-eating cockroach 142:164 a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus) 142:191 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 9 85 theme Spirochaeta 1666:1676 arg1 members 1645:1651 members 1645:1651 members of the genus Spirochaeta 1645:1676 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 8 86 theme G+C 1421:1423 arg1 % 1462:1462 55.5 mol% 1454:1462 55.5 mol% 1454:1462 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. 26704619 8 86 theme G+C 1421:1423 arg1 content 1425:1431 The DNA G+C content 1413:1431 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T 1413:1448 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. 26704619 12 87 theme sphaeroplastigenens 1955:1973 arg1 comb 2092:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 12 87 theme sphaeroplastigenens 1955:1973 arg1 reclassification 1923:1938 the reclassification 1919:1938 the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana 1919:2049 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 14 88 theme Alkalispirochaeta 2241:2257 arg1 comb 2268:2271 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2241:2271 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2241:2271 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 7 89 with acid 1300:1303 arg1 proportions 1323:1333 significant proportions 1311:1333 significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH 1311:1410 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 5 90 theme DSM 1050:1052 arg1 14872T 1054:1059 S. americana DSM 14872T 1037:1059 S. americana DSM 14872T 1037:1059 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T, S. alkalica DSM 8900T and S. americana DSM 14872T was 62±2, 63, 58±2 and 48±4 %, respectively. 26704619 5 91 theme alkalica 1014:1021 arg1 8900T 1027:1031 S. alkalica DSM 8900T 1011:1031 S. alkalica DSM 8900T 1011:1031 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T, S. alkalica DSM 8900T and S. americana DSM 14872T was 62±2, 63, 58±2 and 48±4 %, respectively. 26704619 12 92 theme alkalica 2016:2023 arg1 comb 2092:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb 2054:2095 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 12 92 theme alkalica 2016:2023 arg1 reclassification 1923:1938 the reclassification 1919:1938 the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana 1919:2049 We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. 26704619 1 93 theme cellulose-hydrolysing 57:77 arg1 nov. 49:52 nov. 49:52 nov. 49:52 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 1 93 theme cellulose-hydrolysing 57:77 arg1 bacterium 107:115 a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium 55:115 a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov 55:298 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 17 94 theme gen. 2452:2455 arg1 nov. 2457:2460 Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 2434:2460 Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 2434:2460 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 9 95 theme novel 1695:1699 arg1 species 1701:1707 a novel species 1693:1707 a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp 1693:1790 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 8 96 theme JC227T 1443:1448 arg1 % 1462:1462 55.5 mol% 1454:1462 55.5 mol% 1454:1462 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. 26704619 8 96 theme JC227T 1443:1448 arg1 content 1425:1431 The DNA G+C content 1413:1431 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T 1413:1448 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. 26704619 13 97 theme strain 2109:2114 arg1 109056T 2140:2146 type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T 2104:2146 type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T 2104:2146 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 13 97 theme strain 2109:2114 arg1 nov 2098:2100 nov 2098:2100 nov 2098:2100 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 14 98 theme 15324T=NBRC 2219:2229 arg1 110104T 2231:2237 type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T 2195:2237 type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T 2195:2237 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 14 98 theme 15324T=NBRC 2219:2229 arg1 nov 2189:2191 nov 2189:2191 nov 2189:2191 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 2 99 theme wood-eating 393:403 arg1 cockroach 405:413 a wood-eating cockroach 391:413 a wood-eating cockroach 391:413 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 7 100 theme Summed 1232:1237 arg1 C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1247:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1232:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c 1232:1263 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 7 100 theme Summed 1232:1237 arg1 acid 1300:1303 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1269:1303 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1269:1303 Summed feature C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16:0, C14:0, C12:0, C15:1ω6c, C16:1ω5c, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C17:0 2-OH. 26704619 8 101 theme 55.5 mol 1454:1461 arg1 % 1462:1462 55.5 mol% 1454:1462 55.5 mol% 1454:1462 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. 26704619 8 101 theme 55.5 mol 1454:1461 arg1 content 1425:1431 The DNA G+C content 1413:1431 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T 1413:1448 The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. 26704619 14 102 theme strain 2200:2205 arg1 110104T 2231:2237 type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T 2195:2237 type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T 2195:2237 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 14 102 theme strain 2200:2205 arg1 nov 2189:2191 nov 2189:2191 nov 2189:2191 nov. (type strain JC202T=KCTC 15324T=NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 9 103 theme new 1714:1716 arg1 genus 1718:1722 a new genus 1712:1722 a new genus 1712:1722 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 9 104 dep chemotaxonomic 1509:1522 arg1 metabolomic 1535:1545 metabolomic 1535:1545 metabolomic 1535:1545 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 9 105 theme physiological 1481:1493 arg1 differences 1560:1570 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences 1481:1570 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa 1481:1601 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 9 106 theme biochemical 1496:1506 arg1 differences 1560:1570 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences 1481:1570 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa 1481:1601 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 16 107 theme BAA-392T=DSM 2392:2403 arg1 14872T 2405:2410 type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T 2368:2410 type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T 2368:2410 nov. (type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T). 26704619 13 108 theme Alkalispirochaeta 2150:2166 arg1 comb 2183:2186 Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb 2150:2186 Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb 2150:2186 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 9 109 theme chemotaxonomic 1509:1522 arg1 differences 1560:1570 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences 1481:1570 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa 1481:1601 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 9 110 theme name 1739:1742 arg1 Alkalispirochaeta 1744:1760 the name Alkalispirochaeta 1735:1760 the name Alkalispirochaeta 1735:1760 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. 26704619 4 111 theme sequence 597:604 arg1 analysis 606:613 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 583:613 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 583:613 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51%), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30%), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10%), S. americana (98.54%) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta (<92.7%) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 26704619 2 112 theme designated 337:346 arg1 JC227T 355:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T 301:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T 301:360 An obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 26704619 1 113 theme species 223:229 arg1 punctulatus 180:190 Cryptocercus punctulatus 167:190 Cryptocercus punctulatus 167:190 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 1 113 theme species 223:229 arg1 reclassification 198:213 reclassification 198:213 reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov 198:298 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 1 113 theme species 223:229 arg1 cockroach 156:164 a wood-eating cockroach 142:164 a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus) 142:191 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 26704619 5 114 theme DNA-DNA 906:912 arg1 hybridization 914:926 DNA-DNA hybridization 906:926 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T 906:1008 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T, S. alkalica DSM 8900T and S. americana DSM 14872T was 62±2, 63, 58±2 and 48±4 %, respectively. 26704619 17 115 theme nov. 2457:2460 arg1 comb 2492:2495 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2465:2495 Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb 2465:2495 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 17 115 theme nov. 2457:2460 arg1 species 2423:2429 The type species 2414:2429 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 2414:2460 The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. 26704619 13 116 theme 15220T=NBRC 2128:2138 arg1 109056T 2140:2146 type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T 2104:2146 type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T 2104:2146 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 13 116 theme 15220T=NBRC 2128:2138 arg1 nov 2098:2100 nov 2098:2100 nov 2098:2100 nov. (type strain JC133T=KCTC 15220T=NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. 26704619 16 117 theme strain 2373:2378 arg1 14872T 2405:2410 type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T 2368:2410 type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T 2368:2410 nov. (type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T). 26704619 1 118 theme Spirochaeta 234:244 arg1 species 223:229 four species 218:229 four species of Spirochaeta 218:244 nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. 24933037 9 0 theme improved 1424:1431 arg1 simple 1444:1449 simple 1444:1449 simple 1444:1449 The improved method was simple, rapid, accurate, and promising for the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix. 24933037 9 0 theme improved 1424:1431 arg1 method 1433:1438 The improved method 1420:1438 The improved method 1420:1438 The improved method was simple, rapid, accurate, and promising for the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix. 24933037 3 1 theme flow 671:674 arg1 rate 676:679 the sample flow rate 660:679 the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min 660:691 The optimized purification effect was achieved at the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min with 100 mg of NCSi and 2 mL of washing solution (water, 100%). 24933037 1 2 theme triazine-modified 239:255 arg1 NCSi 269:272 NCSi 269:272 NCSi 269:272 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 1 2 theme triazine-modified 239:255 arg1 gel 264:266 tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel 215:266 tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) 215:273 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 2 3 theme pretreatment 591:602 arg1 step 604:607 the sample pretreatment step 580:607 the sample pretreatment step 580:607 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 4 4 theme HPLC 761:764 arg1 separation 766:775 The HPLC separation 757:775 The HPLC separation 757:775 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 7 5 theme overall 1180:1186 arg1 recoveries 1188:1197 overall recoveries 1180:1197 overall recoveries through the extraction and NCSi-SPE purification 1180:1246 In addition, overall recoveries through the extraction and NCSi-SPE purification ranged from 73.13 to 98%. 24933037 1 6 theme acrylamide 378:387 arg1 determination 355:367 determination 355:367 determination 355:367 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 1 6 theme acrylamide 378:387 arg1 purification 338:349 purification 338:349 purification 338:349 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 4 7 theme 250×4.6 810:816 arg1 mm 818:819 mm 818:819 mm 818:819 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 6 8 theme times 1126:1130 arg1 n=5 1108:1110 n=5 1108:1110 n=5 1108:1110 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 8 theme times 1126:1130 arg1 RSDs 1102:1105 the intraday and interday RSDs 1076:1105 the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times 1076:1130 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 8 theme times 1126:1130 arg1 % 1150:1150 0.50 and 1.63% 1137:1150 0.50 and 1.63% 1137:1150 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 1 9 theme HPLC 196:199 arg1 method 201:206 a rapid and effective HPLC method 174:206 a rapid and effective HPLC method 174:206 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 0 10 theme extraction 139:148 arg1 cleanup 150:156 solid-phase extraction cleanup 127:156 solid-phase extraction cleanup 127:156 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 5 11 theme curve 921:925 arg1 range 896:900 The linear range 885:900 The linear range of the calibration curve 885:925 The linear range of the calibration curve was 4-4000 ng/mL with s correlation coefficient of >0.9999. 24933037 5 11 theme curve 921:925 arg1 ng/mL 938:942 4-4000 ng/mL 931:942 4-4000 ng/mL 931:942 The linear range of the calibration curve was 4-4000 ng/mL with s correlation coefficient of >0.9999. 24933037 2 12 theme solution 536:543 arg1 composition 513:523 composition 513:523 composition 513:523 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 12 theme solution 536:543 arg1 rate 492:495 sample flow rate 480:495 sample flow rate 480:495 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 12 theme solution 536:543 arg1 amount 456:461 amount 456:461 amount of NCSi sorbent 456:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 12 theme solution 536:543 arg1 solution 536:543 washing solution 528:543 washing solution 528:543 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 12 theme solution 536:543 arg1 sorbent 471:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 12 theme solution 536:543 arg1 volume 502:507 volume 502:507 volume 502:507 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 6 13 theme acrylamide 1041:1050 arg1 areas 1032:1036 peak areas 1027:1036 peak areas of acrylamide 1027:1050 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 3 14 theme NCSi 708:711 arg1 mg 702:703 100 mg 698:703 100 mg of NCSi and 2 mL of washing solution (water, 100%) 698:754 The optimized purification effect was achieved at the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min with 100 mg of NCSi and 2 mL of washing solution (water, 100%). 24933037 3 15 dep water 743:747 arg1 % 753:753 100% 750:753 100% 750:753 The optimized purification effect was achieved at the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min with 100 mg of NCSi and 2 mL of washing solution (water, 100%). 24933037 6 16 theme areas 1032:1036 arg1 RSDs 1013:1016 The intraday and interday RSDs 987:1016 RSDs 1013:1016 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 16 theme areas 1032:1036 arg1 0.22 1057:1060 0.22 1057:1060 0.22 1057:1060 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 16 theme areas 1032:1036 arg1 n=5 1019:1021 n=5 1019:1021 n=5 1019:1021 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 1 17 theme starchy 392:398 arg1 foodstuffs 400:409 starchy foodstuffs 392:409 starchy foodstuffs 392:409 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 9 18 theme acrylamide 1514:1523 arg1 determination 1491:1503 the determination 1487:1503 the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix 1487:1562 The improved method was simple, rapid, accurate, and promising for the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix. 24933037 5 19 with ng/mL 938:942 arg1 coefficient 963:973 s correlation coefficient 949:973 s correlation coefficient of >0.9999 949:984 The linear range of the calibration curve was 4-4000 ng/mL with s correlation coefficient of >0.9999. 24933037 1 20 from foodstuffs 400:409 arg1 determination 355:367 determination 355:367 determination 355:367 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 1 20 from foodstuffs 400:409 arg1 purification 338:349 purification 338:349 purification 338:349 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 5 21 theme correlation 951:961 arg1 coefficient 963:973 s correlation coefficient 949:973 s correlation coefficient of >0.9999 949:984 The linear range of the calibration curve was 4-4000 ng/mL with s correlation coefficient of >0.9999. 24933037 9 22 from determination 1491:1503 arg1 foods 1536:1540 starchy foods 1528:1540 starchy foods 1528:1540 The improved method was simple, rapid, accurate, and promising for the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix. 24933037 9 23 theme starchy 1528:1534 arg1 foods 1536:1540 starchy foods 1528:1540 starchy foods 1528:1540 The improved method was simple, rapid, accurate, and promising for the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix. 24933037 4 24 theme C18 798:800 arg1 column 802:807 a C18 column 796:807 a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v) 796:882 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 0 25 from Determination 0:12 arg1 foodstuffs 45:54 starchy foodstuffs 37:54 starchy foodstuffs 37:54 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 0 26 theme mixed-mode 78:87 arg1 sorbent 115:121 a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent 70:121 a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup 70:156 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 2 27 theme sample 480:485 arg1 rate 492:495 sample flow rate 480:495 sample flow rate 480:495 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 0 28 from foodstuffs 45:54 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC 0:62 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 0 29 theme calixarene 104:113 arg1 sorbent 115:121 a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent 70:121 a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup 70:156 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 2 30 theme influence 421:429 arg1 rate 492:495 sample flow rate 480:495 sample flow rate 480:495 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 30 theme influence 421:429 arg1 amount 456:461 amount 456:461 amount of NCSi sorbent 456:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 30 theme influence 421:429 arg1 solution 536:543 washing solution 528:543 washing solution 528:543 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 30 theme influence 421:429 arg1 sorbent 471:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 30 theme influence 421:429 arg1 factors 431:437 The main influence factors 412:437 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution 412:543 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 30 theme influence 421:429 arg1 volume 502:507 volume 502:507 volume 502:507 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 31 theme sorbent 471:477 arg1 composition 513:523 composition 513:523 composition 513:523 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 31 theme sorbent 471:477 arg1 rate 492:495 sample flow rate 480:495 sample flow rate 480:495 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 31 theme sorbent 471:477 arg1 amount 456:461 amount 456:461 amount of NCSi sorbent 456:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 31 theme sorbent 471:477 arg1 solution 536:543 washing solution 528:543 washing solution 528:543 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 31 theme sorbent 471:477 arg1 sorbent 471:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 31 theme sorbent 471:477 arg1 volume 502:507 volume 502:507 volume 502:507 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 1 32 from purification 338:349 arg1 foodstuffs 400:409 starchy foodstuffs 392:409 starchy foodstuffs 392:409 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 4 33 with column 802:807 arg1 phase 847:851 a mobile phase 838:851 a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v) 838:882 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 0 34 theme trace 17:21 arg1 acrylamide 23:32 trace acrylamide 17:32 trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs 17:54 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 7 35 dep 98 1269:1270 arg1 to 1266:1267 to 1266:1267 to 1266:1267 In addition, overall recoveries through the extraction and NCSi-SPE purification ranged from 73.13 to 98%. 24933037 4 36 theme methanol/water 856:869 arg1 phase 847:851 a mobile phase 838:851 a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v) 838:882 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 8 37 theme excellent 1331:1339 arg1 selectivity 1341:1351 excellent selectivity 1331:1351 excellent selectivity to retain polar and nonpolar interferences in the sample matrices 1331:1417 Compared with the commercial SPE sorbents, NCSi featured excellent selectivity to retain polar and nonpolar interferences in the sample matrices. 24933037 3 38 theme optimized 614:622 arg1 effect 637:642 The optimized purification effect 610:642 The optimized purification effect 610:642 The optimized purification effect was achieved at the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min with 100 mg of NCSi and 2 mL of washing solution (water, 100%). 24933037 1 39 theme solid-phase 278:288 arg1 extraction 290:299 solid-phase extraction 278:299 solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent 278:313 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 1 39 theme solid-phase 278:288 arg1 SPE 302:304 SPE 302:304 SPE 302:304 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 8 40 theme polar 1363:1367 arg1 interferences 1382:1394 polar and nonpolar interferences 1363:1394 polar and nonpolar interferences 1363:1394 Compared with the commercial SPE sorbents, NCSi featured excellent selectivity to retain polar and nonpolar interferences in the sample matrices. 24933037 9 41 from acrylamide 1514:1523 arg1 foods 1536:1540 starchy foods 1528:1540 starchy foods 1528:1540 The improved method was simple, rapid, accurate, and promising for the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix. 24933037 8 42 theme nonpolar 1373:1380 arg1 interferences 1382:1394 polar and nonpolar interferences 1363:1394 polar and nonpolar interferences 1363:1394 Compared with the commercial SPE sorbents, NCSi featured excellent selectivity to retain polar and nonpolar interferences in the sample matrices. 24933037 1 43 from acrylamide 378:387 arg1 foodstuffs 400:409 starchy foodstuffs 392:409 starchy foodstuffs 392:409 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 4 44 dep 10:90 872:876 arg1 v/v 879:881 v/v 879:881 v/v 879:881 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 8 45 theme sample 1403:1408 arg1 matrices 1410:1417 the sample matrices 1399:1417 the sample matrices 1399:1417 Compared with the commercial SPE sorbents, NCSi featured excellent selectivity to retain polar and nonpolar interferences in the sample matrices. 24933037 6 46 theme intraday 1080:1087 arg1 n=5 1108:1110 n=5 1108:1110 n=5 1108:1110 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 46 theme intraday 1080:1087 arg1 RSDs 1102:1105 the intraday and interday RSDs 1076:1105 the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times 1076:1130 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 46 theme intraday 1080:1087 arg1 % 1150:1150 0.50 and 1.63% 1137:1150 0.50 and 1.63% 1137:1150 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 1 47 theme silica 257:262 arg1 NCSi 269:272 NCSi 269:272 NCSi 269:272 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 1 47 theme silica 257:262 arg1 gel 264:266 tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel 215:266 tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) 215:273 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 3 48 theme mL/min 686:691 arg1 rate 676:679 the sample flow rate 660:679 the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min 660:691 The optimized purification effect was achieved at the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min with 100 mg of NCSi and 2 mL of washing solution (water, 100%). 24933037 7 49 theme NCSi-SPE 1226:1233 arg1 purification 1235:1246 NCSi-SPE purification 1226:1246 NCSi-SPE purification 1226:1246 In addition, overall recoveries through the extraction and NCSi-SPE purification ranged from 73.13 to 98%. 24933037 2 50 theme sample 584:589 arg1 step 604:607 the sample pretreatment step 580:607 the sample pretreatment step 580:607 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 6 51 theme interday 1004:1011 arg1 RSDs 1013:1016 The intraday and interday RSDs 987:1016 RSDs 1013:1016 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 51 theme interday 1004:1011 arg1 0.22 1057:1060 0.22 1057:1060 0.22 1057:1060 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 51 theme interday 1004:1011 arg1 n=5 1019:1021 n=5 1019:1021 n=5 1019:1021 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 1 52 theme rapid 176:180 arg1 method 201:206 a rapid and effective HPLC method 174:206 a rapid and effective HPLC method 174:206 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 6 53 theme intraday 991:998 arg1 RSDs 1013:1016 The intraday and interday RSDs 987:1016 RSDs 1013:1016 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 53 theme intraday 991:998 arg1 0.22 1057:1060 0.22 1057:1060 0.22 1057:1060 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 53 theme intraday 991:998 arg1 n=5 1019:1021 n=5 1019:1021 n=5 1019:1021 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 0 54 theme solid-phase 127:137 arg1 cleanup 150:156 solid-phase extraction cleanup 127:156 solid-phase extraction cleanup 127:156 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 1 55 theme effective 186:194 arg1 method 201:206 a rapid and effective HPLC method 174:206 a rapid and effective HPLC method 174:206 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 6 56 theme retention 1116:1124 arg1 times 1126:1130 retention times 1116:1130 retention times 1116:1130 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 5 57 theme calibration 909:919 arg1 curve 921:925 the calibration curve 905:925 the calibration curve 905:925 The linear range of the calibration curve was 4-4000 ng/mL with s correlation coefficient of >0.9999. 24933037 6 58 theme interday 1093:1100 arg1 n=5 1108:1110 n=5 1108:1110 n=5 1108:1110 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 58 theme interday 1093:1100 arg1 RSDs 1102:1105 the intraday and interday RSDs 1076:1105 the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times 1076:1130 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 6 58 theme interday 1093:1100 arg1 % 1150:1150 0.50 and 1.63% 1137:1150 0.50 and 1.63% 1137:1150 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 4 59 theme mm 818:819 arg1 μm 829:830 5 μm 827:830 5 μm 827:830 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 4 59 theme mm 818:819 arg1 i.d. 821:824 250×4.6 mm i.d. 810:824 250×4.6 mm i.d. 810:824 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 3 60 theme mL 719:720 arg1 mg 702:703 100 mg 698:703 100 mg of NCSi and 2 mL of washing solution (water, 100%) 698:754 The optimized purification effect was achieved at the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min with 100 mg of NCSi and 2 mL of washing solution (water, 100%). 24933037 1 61 theme trace 372:376 arg1 acrylamide 378:387 trace acrylamide 372:387 trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs 372:409 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 2 62 theme washing 528:534 arg1 solution 536:543 washing solution 528:543 washing solution 528:543 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 5 63 theme linear 889:894 arg1 range 896:900 The linear range 885:900 The linear range of the calibration curve 885:925 The linear range of the calibration curve was 4-4000 ng/mL with s correlation coefficient of >0.9999. 24933037 5 63 theme linear 889:894 arg1 ng/mL 938:942 4-4000 ng/mL 931:942 4-4000 ng/mL 931:942 The linear range of the calibration curve was 4-4000 ng/mL with s correlation coefficient of >0.9999. 24933037 7 64 dep extraction 1211:1220 arg1 the 1207:1209 the 1207:1209 the 1207:1209 In addition, overall recoveries through the extraction and NCSi-SPE purification ranged from 73.13 to 98%. 24933037 9 65 theme trace 1508:1512 arg1 acrylamide 1514:1523 trace acrylamide 1508:1523 trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix 1508:1562 The improved method was simple, rapid, accurate, and promising for the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix. 24933037 6 66 theme peak 1027:1030 arg1 areas 1032:1036 peak areas 1027:1036 peak areas of acrylamide 1027:1050 The intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of peak areas of acrylamide were 0.22 and 0.90% and the intraday and interday RSDs (n=5) of retention times were 0.50 and 1.63%, respectively. 24933037 4 67 dep column 802:807 arg1 μm 829:830 5 μm 827:830 5 μm 827:830 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 4 67 dep column 802:807 arg1 i.d. 821:824 250×4.6 mm i.d. 810:824 250×4.6 mm i.d. 810:824 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 9 68 with acrylamide 1514:1523 arg1 matrix 1557:1562 a complex matrix 1547:1562 a complex matrix 1547:1562 The improved method was simple, rapid, accurate, and promising for the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix. 24933037 2 69 theme NCSi 466:469 arg1 sorbent 471:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 0 70 from acrylamide 23:32 arg1 foodstuffs 45:54 starchy foodstuffs 37:54 starchy foodstuffs 37:54 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 0 71 theme novel 72:76 arg1 sorbent 115:121 a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent 70:121 a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup 70:156 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 4 72 theme mobile 840:845 arg1 phase 847:851 a mobile phase 838:851 a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v) 838:882 The HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (10:90, v/v). 24933037 0 73 theme functionalized 89:102 arg1 sorbent 115:121 a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent 70:121 a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup 70:156 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 5 74 theme >0.9999 978:984 arg1 coefficient 963:973 s correlation coefficient 949:973 s correlation coefficient of >0.9999 949:984 The linear range of the calibration curve was 4-4000 ng/mL with s correlation coefficient of >0.9999. 24933037 2 75 theme flow 487:490 arg1 rate 492:495 sample flow rate 480:495 sample flow rate 480:495 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 8 76 theme SPE 1303:1305 arg1 sorbents 1307:1314 the commercial SPE sorbents 1288:1314 the commercial SPE sorbents 1288:1314 Compared with the commercial SPE sorbents, NCSi featured excellent selectivity to retain polar and nonpolar interferences in the sample matrices. 24933037 9 77 theme complex 1549:1555 arg1 matrix 1557:1562 a complex matrix 1547:1562 a complex matrix 1547:1562 The improved method was simple, rapid, accurate, and promising for the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix. 24933037 5 78 theme s 949:949 arg1 coefficient 963:973 s correlation coefficient 949:973 s correlation coefficient of >0.9999 949:984 The linear range of the calibration curve was 4-4000 ng/mL with s correlation coefficient of >0.9999. 24933037 8 79 theme commercial 1292:1301 arg1 sorbents 1307:1314 the commercial SPE sorbents 1288:1314 the commercial SPE sorbents 1288:1314 Compared with the commercial SPE sorbents, NCSi featured excellent selectivity to retain polar and nonpolar interferences in the sample matrices. 24933037 2 80 theme main 416:419 arg1 rate 492:495 sample flow rate 480:495 sample flow rate 480:495 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 80 theme main 416:419 arg1 amount 456:461 amount 456:461 amount of NCSi sorbent 456:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 80 theme main 416:419 arg1 solution 536:543 washing solution 528:543 washing solution 528:543 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 80 theme main 416:419 arg1 sorbent 471:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 80 theme main 416:419 arg1 factors 431:437 The main influence factors 412:437 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution 412:543 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 80 theme main 416:419 arg1 volume 502:507 volume 502:507 volume 502:507 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 0 81 theme acrylamide 23:32 arg1 Determination 0:12 Determination 0:12 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC 0:62 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 0 82 theme starchy 37:43 arg1 foodstuffs 45:54 starchy foodstuffs 37:54 starchy foodstuffs 37:54 Determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized calixarene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup. 24933037 2 83 theme SPE 442:444 arg1 rate 492:495 sample flow rate 480:495 sample flow rate 480:495 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 83 theme SPE 442:444 arg1 amount 456:461 amount 456:461 amount of NCSi sorbent 456:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 83 theme SPE 442:444 arg1 solution 536:543 washing solution 528:543 washing solution 528:543 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 83 theme SPE 442:444 arg1 sorbent 471:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 NCSi sorbent 466:477 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 83 theme SPE 442:444 arg1 factors 431:437 The main influence factors 412:437 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution 412:543 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 2 83 theme SPE 442:444 arg1 volume 502:507 volume 502:507 volume 502:507 The main influence factors of SPE including amount of NCSi sorbent, sample flow rate, and volume and composition of washing solution were investigated and evaluated in the sample pretreatment step. 24933037 1 84 from determination 355:367 arg1 foodstuffs 400:409 starchy foodstuffs 392:409 starchy foodstuffs 392:409 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 1 85 theme extraction 290:299 arg1 sorbent 307:313 solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent 278:313 solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent 278:313 In this paper, a rapid and effective HPLC method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCSi) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for the purification and determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foodstuffs. 24933037 9 86 from foods 1536:1540 arg1 determination 1491:1503 the determination 1487:1503 the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix 1487:1562 The improved method was simple, rapid, accurate, and promising for the determination of trace acrylamide in starchy foods with a complex matrix. 24933037 3 87 theme purification 624:635 arg1 effect 637:642 The optimized purification effect 610:642 The optimized purification effect 610:642 The optimized purification effect was achieved at the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min with 100 mg of NCSi and 2 mL of washing solution (water, 100%). 24933037 3 88 theme sample 664:669 arg1 rate 676:679 the sample flow rate 660:679 the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min 660:691 The optimized purification effect was achieved at the sample flow rate of 3 mL/min with 100 mg of NCSi and 2 mL of washing solution (water, 100%). 25736327 8 0 theme fallopian 1609:1617 arg1 epithelium 1624:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 3 1 from level 485:489 arg1 changes 450:456 biological changes 439:456 biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube 439:518 We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction. 25736327 2 2 theme ovarian 321:327 arg1 cancers 329:335 high-grade serous ovarian cancers 303:335 high-grade serous ovarian cancers 303:335 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 4 3 theme fallopian 858:866 arg1 tubes 868:872 uncut fallopian tubes 852:872 uncut fallopian tubes 852:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 6 4 theme epithelial 1192:1201 arg1 cells 1203:1207 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1170:1207 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1170:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 6 5 theme growth 1151:1156 arg1 capacity 1158:1165 the growth capacity 1147:1165 the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1147:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 6 6 theme sham-operated 1241:1253 arg1 epithelia 1261:1269 either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1223:1269 either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1223:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 5 7 located detected 1002:1009 arg2 population 899:908 A significantly reduced population 875:908 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) 875:996 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 7 located detected 1002:1009 arg1 .0002 1047:1051 P = .0002 1043:1051 P = .0002 1043:1051 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 7 located detected 1002:1009 arg1 specimens 1032:1040 the tubal ligated specimens 1014:1040 the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002) 1014:1052 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 9 8 theme functional 1660:1669 arg1 changes 1671:1677 These compositional and functional changes 1636:1677 These compositional and functional changes 1636:1677 These compositional and functional changes suggest that tubal ligation induces quiescence of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells. 25736327 4 9 theme progenitors 636:646 arg1 presence 613:620 presence 613:620 presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells) 613:684 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 9 theme progenitors 636:646 arg1 histology 602:610 the histology 598:610 the histology 598:610 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 9 theme progenitors 636:646 arg1 degree 691:696 degree 691:696 degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 691:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 6 10 theme ligated 1230:1236 arg1 epithelia 1261:1269 either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1223:1269 either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1223:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 3 11 theme tube 515:518 arg1 level 485:489 the epithelial cellular level 461:489 the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube 461:518 We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction. 25736327 7 12 theme = 1448:1448 arg1 .002 1450:1453 P = .002 1446:1453 P = .002 1446:1453 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 7 12 theme = 1448:1448 arg1 controls 1436:1443 sham-operated controls 1422:1443 sham-operated controls (P = .002) 1422:1454 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 4 13 theme age-matched 826:836 arg1 patients 838:845 10 age-matched patients 823:845 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 823:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 9 14 theme tubal 1692:1696 arg1 ligation 1698:1705 tubal ligation 1692:1705 tubal ligation 1692:1705 These compositional and functional changes suggest that tubal ligation induces quiescence of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells. 25736327 1 15 theme Tubal 82:86 arg1 ligation 88:95 Tubal ligation 82:95 Tubal ligation 82:95 Tubal ligation keeps the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary. 25736327 9 16 theme compositional 1642:1654 arg1 changes 1671:1677 These compositional and functional changes 1636:1677 These compositional and functional changes 1636:1677 These compositional and functional changes suggest that tubal ligation induces quiescence of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells. 25736327 7 17 theme reduced 1364:1370 arg1 capacity 1372:1379 a significantly reduced capacity 1348:1379 a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture 1348:1408 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 8 18 dep presence 1538:1545 arg1 a 1528:1528 a 1528:1528 a 1528:1528 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 3 19 theme observed 561:568 arg1 reduction 575:583 the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction 536:583 the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction 536:583 We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction. 25736327 1 20 theme fimbriated 107:116 arg1 end 118:120 the fimbriated end 103:120 the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary 103:227 Tubal ligation keeps the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary. 25736327 7 21 from organoids 1389:1397 arg1 culture 1402:1408 culture 1402:1408 culture 1402:1408 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 9 22 theme fallopian 1736:1744 arg1 tube 1746:1749 distal fallopian tube 1729:1749 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1729:1766 These compositional and functional changes suggest that tubal ligation induces quiescence of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells. 25736327 6 23 theme fallopian 1177:1185 arg1 cells 1203:1207 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1170:1207 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1170:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 2 24 dep decreased 285:293 arg1 % 283:283 approximately 20% 267:283 approximately 20% 267:283 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 8 25 attach presence 1538:1545 arg2 cells 1589:1593 progenitor cells 1578:1593 progenitor cells 1578:1593 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 8 25 attach presence 1538:1545 arg1 epithelium 1624:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 5 26 theme = 1045:1045 arg1 .0002 1047:1051 P = .0002 1043:1051 P = .0002 1043:1051 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 26 theme = 1045:1045 arg1 specimens 1032:1040 the tubal ligated specimens 1014:1040 the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002) 1014:1052 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 2 27 theme Tubal 230:234 arg1 ligation 236:243 Tubal ligation 230:243 Tubal ligation 230:243 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 5 28 theme proliferating 913:925 arg1 progenitors 938:948 epithelial progenitors 927:948 proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) 913:996 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 28 theme proliferating 913:925 arg1 cells 991:995 basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells 951:995 basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells 951:995 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 9 29 theme epithelial 1751:1760 arg1 cells 1762:1766 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1729:1766 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1729:1766 These compositional and functional changes suggest that tubal ligation induces quiescence of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells. 25736327 3 30 theme biological 439:448 arg1 changes 450:456 biological changes 439:456 biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube 439:518 We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction. 25736327 4 31 theme CD44-positive 665:677 arg1 cells 679:683 basally located CD44-positive cells 649:683 basally located CD44-positive cells 649:683 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 31 theme CD44-positive 665:677 arg1 progenitors 636:646 epithelial progenitors 625:646 epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells) 625:684 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 1 32 theme fallopian 129:137 arg1 tube 139:142 the fallopian tube 125:142 the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary 125:227 Tubal ligation keeps the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary. 25736327 0 33 theme Tube 68:71 arg1 Fimbria 73:79 the Fallopian Tube Fimbria 54:79 the Fallopian Tube Fimbria 54:79 Tubal Ligation Induces Quiescence in the Epithelia of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria. 25736327 1 34 theme intact 144:149 arg1 tube 139:142 the fallopian tube 125:142 the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary 125:227 Tubal ligation keeps the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary. 25736327 5 35 theme CD44/Ki67 967:975 arg1 progenitors 938:948 epithelial progenitors 927:948 proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) 913:996 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 35 theme CD44/Ki67 967:975 arg1 cells 991:995 basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells 951:995 basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells 951:995 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 8 36 theme tubal 1494:1498 arg1 ligation 1500:1507 tubal ligation 1494:1507 tubal ligation 1494:1507 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 4 37 theme distal 751:756 arg1 tube 768:771 distal fallopian tube 751:771 distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 751:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 7 38 theme tubal 1326:1330 arg1 ligation 1332:1339 tubal ligation 1326:1339 tubal ligation 1326:1339 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 4 39 theme proliferation 712:724 arg1 presence 613:620 presence 613:620 presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells) 613:684 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 39 theme proliferation 712:724 arg1 histology 602:610 the histology 598:610 the histology 598:610 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 39 theme proliferation 712:724 arg1 degree 691:696 degree 691:696 degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 691:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 0 40 theme Tubal 0:4 arg1 Ligation 6:13 Tubal Ligation 0:13 Tubal Ligation 0:13 Tubal Ligation Induces Quiescence in the Epithelia of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria. 25736327 4 41 from proliferation 712:724 arg1 patients 838:845 10 age-matched patients 823:845 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 823:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 41 from proliferation 712:724 arg1 patients 781:788 10 patients 778:788 10 patients with previous tubal ligation 778:817 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 5 42 theme progenitors 938:948 arg1 population 899:908 A significantly reduced population 875:908 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) 875:996 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 4 43 theme Ki67-positive 727:739 arg1 proliferation 712:724 epithelial proliferation 701:724 epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 701:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 43 theme Ki67-positive 727:739 arg1 cells 741:745 Ki67-positive cells 727:745 Ki67-positive cells 727:745 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 2 44 theme fallopian 393:401 arg1 epithelium 408:417 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 382:417 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 382:417 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 7 45 theme epithelial 1294:1303 arg1 cells 1305:1309 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells 1272:1309 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation 1272:1339 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 8 46 theme reduced 1530:1536 arg1 presence 1538:1545 reduced presence 1530:1545 reduced presence 1530:1545 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 5 47 theme tubal 1018:1022 arg1 .0002 1047:1051 P = .0002 1043:1051 P = .0002 1043:1051 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 47 theme tubal 1018:1022 arg1 specimens 1032:1040 the tubal ligated specimens 1014:1040 the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002) 1014:1052 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 7 48 theme fallopian 1279:1287 arg1 cells 1305:1309 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells 1272:1309 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation 1272:1339 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 4 49 theme tubal 804:808 arg1 ligation 810:817 previous tubal ligation 795:817 previous tubal ligation 795:817 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 3 50 theme epithelial 465:474 arg1 level 485:489 the epithelial cellular level 461:489 the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube 461:518 We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction. 25736327 8 51 theme study 1478:1482 arg1 findings 1461:1468 The findings 1457:1468 The findings of this study 1457:1482 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 8 52 from proliferation 1561:1573 arg1 epithelium 1624:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 4 53 theme tube 768:771 arg1 proliferation 712:724 epithelial proliferation 701:724 epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 701:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 53 theme tube 768:771 arg1 cells 741:745 Ki67-positive cells 727:745 Ki67-positive cells 727:745 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 6 54 theme tubal 1092:1096 arg1 ligation 1098:1105 tubal ligation 1092:1105 tubal ligation 1092:1105 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 8 55 theme progenitor 1578:1587 arg1 cells 1589:1593 progenitor cells 1578:1593 progenitor cells 1578:1593 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 8 56 from presence 1538:1545 arg1 epithelium 1624:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 2 57 theme cancers 329:335 arg1 risk 295:298 an approximately 20% decreased risk 264:298 an approximately 20% decreased risk 264:298 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 8 58 theme distal 1602:1607 arg1 epithelium 1624:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 6 59 theme tubal 1255:1259 arg1 epithelia 1261:1269 either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1223:1269 either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1223:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 2 60 theme decreased 285:293 arg1 risk 295:298 an approximately 20% decreased risk 264:298 an approximately 20% decreased risk 264:298 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 4 61 theme uncut 852:856 arg1 tubes 868:872 uncut fallopian tubes 852:872 uncut fallopian tubes 852:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 8 62 theme tube 1619:1622 arg1 epithelium 1624:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 1598:1633 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 2 63 theme serous 314:319 arg1 cancers 329:335 high-grade serous ovarian cancers 303:335 high-grade serous ovarian cancers 303:335 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 3 64 theme fallopian 505:513 arg1 tube 515:518 the distal fallopian tube 494:518 the distal fallopian tube 494:518 We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction. 25736327 7 65 theme P 1446:1446 arg1 .002 1450:1453 P = .002 1446:1453 P = .002 1446:1453 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 7 65 theme P 1446:1446 arg1 controls 1436:1443 sham-operated controls 1422:1443 sham-operated controls (P = .002) 1422:1454 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 7 66 theme sham-operated 1422:1434 arg1 .002 1450:1453 P = .002 1446:1453 P = .002 1446:1453 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 7 66 theme sham-operated 1422:1434 arg1 controls 1436:1443 sham-operated controls 1422:1443 sham-operated controls (P = .002) 1422:1454 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 4 67 theme epithelial 625:634 arg1 cells 679:683 basally located CD44-positive cells 649:683 basally located CD44-positive cells 649:683 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 67 theme epithelial 625:634 arg1 progenitors 636:646 epithelial progenitors 625:646 epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells) 625:684 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 3 68 theme surgical 540:547 arg1 procedure 549:557 the surgical procedure 536:557 the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction 536:583 We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction. 25736327 6 69 used utilized 1127:1134 arg2 model 1117:1121 a murine model 1108:1121 a murine model 1108:1121 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 1 70 dep uterus 212:217 arg1 the 208:210 the 208:210 the 208:210 Tubal ligation keeps the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary. 25736327 6 71 theme murine 1110:1115 arg1 model 1117:1121 a murine model 1108:1121 a murine model 1108:1121 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 3 72 theme cellular 476:483 arg1 level 485:489 the epithelial cellular level 461:489 the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube 461:518 We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction. 25736327 3 73 theme risk 570:573 arg1 reduction 575:583 the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction 536:583 the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction 536:583 We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction. 25736327 6 74 theme cells 1203:1207 arg1 capacity 1158:1165 the growth capacity 1147:1165 the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1147:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 6 75 attach isolated 1209:1216 arg2 cells 1203:1207 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1170:1207 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1170:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 6 75 attach isolated 1209:1216 arg1 epithelia 1261:1269 either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1223:1269 either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1223:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 5 76 theme reduced 891:897 arg1 population 899:908 A significantly reduced population 875:908 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) 875:996 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 9 77 theme distal 1729:1734 arg1 tube 1746:1749 distal fallopian tube 1729:1749 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1729:1766 These compositional and functional changes suggest that tubal ligation induces quiescence of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells. 25736327 6 78 theme tube 1187:1190 arg1 cells 1203:1207 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1170:1207 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1170:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 5 79 theme P 1043:1043 arg1 .0002 1047:1051 P = .0002 1043:1051 P = .0002 1043:1051 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 79 theme P 1043:1043 arg1 specimens 1032:1040 the tubal ligated specimens 1014:1040 the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002) 1014:1052 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 4 80 from patients 781:788 arg1 proliferation 712:724 epithelial proliferation 701:724 epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 701:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 80 from patients 781:788 arg1 cells 741:745 Ki67-positive cells 727:745 Ki67-positive cells 727:745 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 80 from patients 781:788 arg1 tube 768:771 distal fallopian tube 751:771 distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 751:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 9 81 theme tube 1746:1749 arg1 cells 1762:1766 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1729:1766 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1729:1766 These compositional and functional changes suggest that tubal ligation induces quiescence of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells. 25736327 6 82 theme distal 1170:1175 arg1 cells 1203:1207 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1170:1207 distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia 1170:1269 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 0 83 theme Fallopian 58:66 arg1 Fimbria 73:79 the Fallopian Tube Fimbria 54:79 the Fallopian Tube Fimbria 54:79 Tubal Ligation Induces Quiescence in the Epithelia of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria. 25736327 4 84 with patients 838:845 arg1 ligation 810:817 previous tubal ligation 795:817 previous tubal ligation 795:817 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 84 with patients 838:845 arg1 tubes 868:872 uncut fallopian tubes 852:872 uncut fallopian tubes 852:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 9 85 theme cells 1762:1766 arg1 quiescence 1715:1724 quiescence 1715:1724 quiescence of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells 1715:1766 These compositional and functional changes suggest that tubal ligation induces quiescence of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells. 25736327 0 86 from Quiescence 23:32 arg1 Epithelia 41:49 the Epithelia 37:49 the Epithelia of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria 37:79 Tubal Ligation Induces Quiescence in the Epithelia of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria. 25736327 4 87 theme located 657:663 arg1 cells 679:683 basally located CD44-positive cells 649:683 basally located CD44-positive cells 649:683 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 87 theme located 657:663 arg1 progenitors 636:646 epithelial progenitors 625:646 epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells) 625:684 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 88 with patients 781:788 arg1 ligation 810:817 previous tubal ligation 795:817 previous tubal ligation 795:817 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 88 with patients 781:788 arg1 tubes 868:872 uncut fallopian tubes 852:872 uncut fallopian tubes 852:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 0 89 theme Fimbria 73:79 arg1 Epithelia 41:49 the Epithelia 37:49 the Epithelia of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria 37:79 Tubal Ligation Induces Quiescence in the Epithelia of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria. 25736327 1 90 theme tube 139:142 arg1 end 118:120 the fimbriated end 103:120 the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary 103:227 Tubal ligation keeps the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary. 25736327 4 91 from patients 838:845 arg1 proliferation 712:724 epithelial proliferation 701:724 epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 701:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 91 from patients 838:845 arg1 cells 741:745 Ki67-positive cells 727:745 Ki67-positive cells 727:745 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 91 from patients 838:845 arg1 tube 768:771 distal fallopian tube 751:771 distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 751:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 5 92 theme located 959:965 arg1 progenitors 938:948 epithelial progenitors 927:948 proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) 913:996 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 92 theme located 959:965 arg1 cells 991:995 basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells 951:995 basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells 951:995 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 93 theme dual-positive 977:989 arg1 progenitors 938:948 epithelial progenitors 927:948 proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) 913:996 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 93 theme dual-positive 977:989 arg1 cells 991:995 basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells 951:995 basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells 951:995 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 94 theme epithelial 927:936 arg1 progenitors 938:948 epithelial progenitors 927:948 proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) 913:996 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 94 theme epithelial 927:936 arg1 cells 991:995 basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells 951:995 basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells 951:995 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 4 95 theme epithelial 701:710 arg1 proliferation 712:724 epithelial proliferation 701:724 epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 701:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 4 95 theme epithelial 701:710 arg1 cells 741:745 Ki67-positive cells 727:745 Ki67-positive cells 727:745 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 2 96 theme mounting 344:351 arg1 evidence 353:360 mounting evidence 344:360 mounting evidence 344:360 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 7 97 theme tube 1289:1292 arg1 cells 1305:1309 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells 1272:1309 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation 1272:1339 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 2 98 theme tube 403:406 arg1 epithelium 408:417 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 382:417 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 382:417 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 2 99 theme distal 386:391 arg1 epithelium 408:417 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 382:417 the distal fallopian tube epithelium 382:417 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 7 100 theme Murine 1272:1277 arg1 cells 1305:1309 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells 1272:1309 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation 1272:1339 Murine fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated after tubal ligation showed a significantly reduced capacity to grow organoids in culture compared to sham-operated controls (P = .002). 25736327 8 101 theme decreased 1551:1559 arg1 proliferation 1561:1573 decreased proliferation 1551:1573 decreased proliferation 1551:1573 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 5 102 theme ligated 1024:1030 arg1 .0002 1047:1051 P = .0002 1043:1051 P = .0002 1043:1051 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 5 102 theme ligated 1024:1030 arg1 specimens 1032:1040 the tubal ligated specimens 1014:1040 the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002) 1014:1052 A significantly reduced population of proliferating epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44/Ki67 dual-positive cells) was detected in the tubal ligated specimens (P = .0002). 25736327 4 103 theme previous 795:802 arg1 ligation 810:817 previous tubal ligation 795:817 previous tubal ligation 795:817 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 2 104 theme high-grade 303:312 arg1 cancers 329:335 high-grade serous ovarian cancers 303:335 high-grade serous ovarian cancers 303:335 Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 6 105 theme ligation 1098:1105 arg1 effect 1082:1087 the effect 1078:1087 the effect of tubal ligation 1078:1105 To functionally assess the effect of tubal ligation, a murine model was utilized to compare the growth capacity of distal fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated from either ligated or sham-operated tubal epithelia. 25736327 8 106 theme cells 1589:1593 arg1 presence 1538:1545 reduced presence 1530:1545 reduced presence 1530:1545 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 8 106 theme cells 1589:1593 arg1 proliferation 1561:1573 decreased proliferation 1551:1573 decreased proliferation 1551:1573 The findings of this study show that tubal ligation is associated with a reduced presence and decreased proliferation of progenitor cells in the distal fallopian tube epithelium. 25736327 4 107 theme fallopian 758:766 arg1 tube 768:771 distal fallopian tube 751:771 distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes 751:872 We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epithelial proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) of distal fallopian tube from 10 patients with previous tubal ligation and 10 age-matched patients with uncut fallopian tubes. 25736327 3 108 theme distal 498:503 arg1 tube 515:518 the distal fallopian tube 494:518 the distal fallopian tube 494:518 We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure's observed risk reduction. 27635994 5 0 theme flexible 757:764 arg1 β-lg 766:769 the flexible β-lg 753:769 the flexible β-lg 753:769 Moreover, the influence of the combination of the flexible β-lg and the elastic metNCC was studied. 27635994 7 1 theme thermal 1117:1123 arg1 gelation 1133:1140 the thermal induced gelation 1113:1140 the thermal induced gelation of metNCC 1113:1150 Displacement of biopolymer layers depended mainly on the fluid dynamics and thickness of the layers, both of which were drastically increased by the thermal induced gelation of metNCC at body temperature. 27635994 7 2 theme layers 995:1000 arg1 Displacement 968:979 Displacement 968:979 Displacement of biopolymer layers 968:1000 Displacement of biopolymer layers depended mainly on the fluid dynamics and thickness of the layers, both of which were drastically increased by the thermal induced gelation of metNCC at body temperature. 27635994 4 3 theme fluid 579:583 arg1 dynamics 585:592 interfacial fluid dynamics 567:592 interfacial fluid dynamics 567:592 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 0 4 theme Adsorption 91:100 arg1 Layers 102:107 Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers 67:107 Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers 67:107 Blocking Gastric Lipase Adsorption and Displacement Processes with Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers. 27635994 7 5 theme induced 1125:1131 arg1 gelation 1133:1140 the thermal induced gelation 1113:1140 the thermal induced gelation of metNCC 1113:1150 Displacement of biopolymer layers depended mainly on the fluid dynamics and thickness of the layers, both of which were drastically increased by the thermal induced gelation of metNCC at body temperature. 27635994 4 6 theme gastric 687:693 arg1 conditions 695:704 gastric conditions 687:704 gastric conditions 687:704 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 7 theme interfacial 567:577 arg1 dynamics 585:592 interfacial fluid dynamics 567:592 interfacial fluid dynamics 567:592 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 3 8 theme dog 357:359 arg1 lipolysis 411:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 6 9 theme interfacial 896:906 arg1 shear 908:912 interfacial shear 896:912 interfacial shear 896:912 The interfaces were investigated combining interfacial techniques, such as pendant drop, interfacial shear and dilatational rheology, and neutron reflectometry. 27635994 5 10 theme elastic 779:785 arg1 metNCC 787:792 the elastic metNCC 775:792 the elastic metNCC 775:792 Moreover, the influence of the combination of the flexible β-lg and the elastic metNCC was studied. 27635994 3 11 theme gastric 361:367 arg1 lipolysis 411:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 4 12 theme thermosensitive 457:471 arg1 biopolymers 528:538 model biopolymers 522:538 model biopolymers 522:538 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 12 theme thermosensitive 457:471 arg1 metNCC 511:516 metNCC 511:516 metNCC 511:516 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 12 theme thermosensitive 457:471 arg1 β-lactoglobulin 430:444 β-lactoglobulin 430:444 β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) 430:451 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 12 theme thermosensitive 457:471 arg1 cellulose 500:508 thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose 457:508 thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) 457:517 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 13 theme dynamics 585:592 arg1 role 559:562 the role 555:562 the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes 555:646 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 5 14 theme β-lg 766:769 arg1 combination 738:748 the combination 734:748 the combination of the flexible β-lg and the elastic metNCC 734:792 Moreover, the influence of the combination of the flexible β-lg and the elastic metNCC was studied. 27635994 2 15 theme Fat 161:163 arg1 digestion 165:173 Fat digestion 161:173 Fat digestion 161:173 Fat digestion begins in the stomach by adsorption of gastric lipases to oil/water interfaces. 27635994 8 16 theme β-lg 1184:1187 arg1 interfaces 1189:1198 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces 1173:1198 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces 1173:1198 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 3 17 theme recombinant 345:355 arg1 lipolysis 411:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 4 18 theme nanocrystalline 484:498 arg1 biopolymers 528:538 model biopolymers 522:538 model biopolymers 522:538 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 18 theme nanocrystalline 484:498 arg1 metNCC 511:516 metNCC 511:516 metNCC 511:516 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 18 theme nanocrystalline 484:498 arg1 β-lactoglobulin 430:444 β-lactoglobulin 430:444 β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) 430:451 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 18 theme nanocrystalline 484:498 arg1 cellulose 500:508 thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose 457:508 thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) 457:517 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 7 19 theme metNCC 1145:1150 arg1 gelation 1133:1140 the thermal induced gelation 1113:1140 the thermal induced gelation of metNCC 1113:1150 Displacement of biopolymer layers depended mainly on the fluid dynamics and thickness of the layers, both of which were drastically increased by the thermal induced gelation of metNCC at body temperature. 27635994 8 20 theme filler 1352:1357 arg1 material 1359:1366 filler material 1352:1366 filler material 1352:1366 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 8 21 theme Soft 1173:1176 arg1 interfaces 1189:1198 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces 1173:1198 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces 1173:1198 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 0 22 theme Gastric 9:15 arg1 Adsorption 24:33 Gastric Lipase Adsorption and Displacement Processes 9:60 Adsorption 24:33 Blocking Gastric Lipase Adsorption and Displacement Processes with Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers. 27635994 4 23 theme methylated 473:482 arg1 biopolymers 528:538 model biopolymers 522:538 model biopolymers 522:538 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 23 theme methylated 473:482 arg1 metNCC 511:516 metNCC 511:516 metNCC 511:516 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 23 theme methylated 473:482 arg1 β-lactoglobulin 430:444 β-lactoglobulin 430:444 β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) 430:451 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 23 theme methylated 473:482 arg1 cellulose 500:508 thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose 457:508 thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) 457:517 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 0 24 theme Biopolymer 80:89 arg1 Layers 102:107 Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers 67:107 Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers 67:107 Blocking Gastric Lipase Adsorption and Displacement Processes with Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers. 27635994 7 25 dep dynamics 1031:1038 arg1 the 1021:1023 the 1021:1023 the 1021:1023 Displacement of biopolymer layers depended mainly on the fluid dynamics and thickness of the layers, both of which were drastically increased by the thermal induced gelation of metNCC at body temperature. 27635994 9 26 with combination 1551:1561 arg1 β-lg 1568:1571 β-lg 1568:1571 β-lg 1568:1571 Hence, with metNCC alone lipolysis by rDGL was inhibited, whereas the layer performance could be increased by the combination with β-lg. 27635994 1 27 theme Delayed 110:116 arg1 digestion 122:130 Delayed fat digestion 110:130 Delayed fat digestion 110:130 Delayed fat digestion might help to fight obesity. 27635994 9 28 theme layer 1507:1511 arg1 performance 1513:1523 the layer performance 1503:1523 the layer performance 1503:1523 Hence, with metNCC alone lipolysis by rDGL was inhibited, whereas the layer performance could be increased by the combination with β-lg. 27635994 3 29 theme lipase 369:374 arg1 lipolysis 411:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 1 30 theme fat 118:120 arg1 digestion 122:130 Delayed fat digestion 110:130 Delayed fat digestion 110:130 Delayed fat digestion might help to fight obesity. 27635994 0 31 theme Lipase 17:22 arg1 Adsorption 24:33 Gastric Lipase Adsorption and Displacement Processes 9:60 Adsorption 24:33 Blocking Gastric Lipase Adsorption and Displacement Processes with Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers. 27635994 8 32 dep Soft 1173:1176 arg1 thin 1179:1182 thin 1179:1182 thin 1179:1182 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 0 33 theme Displacement 39:50 arg1 Processes 52:60 Gastric Lipase Adsorption and Displacement Processes 9:60 Processes 52:60 Blocking Gastric Lipase Adsorption and Displacement Processes with Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers. 27635994 7 34 theme layers 1061:1066 arg1 thickness 1044:1052 thickness 1044:1052 thickness 1044:1052 Displacement of biopolymer layers depended mainly on the fluid dynamics and thickness of the layers, both of which were drastically increased by the thermal induced gelation of metNCC at body temperature. 27635994 7 34 theme layers 1061:1066 arg1 dynamics 1031:1038 fluid dynamics 1025:1038 fluid dynamics 1025:1038 Displacement of biopolymer layers depended mainly on the fluid dynamics and thickness of the layers, both of which were drastically increased by the thermal induced gelation of metNCC at body temperature. 27635994 8 35 theme β-lg-metNCC 1270:1280 arg1 layer 1282:1286 the composite β-lg-metNCC layer 1256:1286 the composite β-lg-metNCC layer 1256:1286 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 3 36 theme gastric 403:409 arg1 lipolysis 411:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 4 37 theme model 522:526 arg1 biopolymers 528:538 model biopolymers 522:538 model biopolymers 522:538 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 37 theme model 522:526 arg1 cellulose 500:508 thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose 457:508 thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) 457:517 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 4 37 theme model 522:526 arg1 β-lactoglobulin 430:444 β-lactoglobulin 430:444 β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) 430:451 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 2 38 theme oil/water 233:241 arg1 interfaces 243:252 oil/water interfaces 233:252 oil/water interfaces 233:252 Fat digestion begins in the stomach by adsorption of gastric lipases to oil/water interfaces. 27635994 7 39 theme fluid 1025:1029 arg1 dynamics 1031:1038 fluid dynamics 1025:1038 fluid dynamics 1025:1038 Displacement of biopolymer layers depended mainly on the fluid dynamics and thickness of the layers, both of which were drastically increased by the thermal induced gelation of metNCC at body temperature. 27635994 5 40 theme combination 738:748 arg1 influence 721:729 the influence 717:729 the influence of the combination of the flexible β-lg and the elastic metNCC 717:792 Moreover, the influence of the combination of the flexible β-lg and the elastic metNCC was studied. 27635994 3 41 theme adsorption 383:392 arg1 lipolysis 411:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 6 42 theme neutron 945:951 arg1 reflectometry 953:965 neutron reflectometry 945:965 neutron reflectometry 945:965 The interfaces were investigated combining interfacial techniques, such as pendant drop, interfacial shear and dilatational rheology, and neutron reflectometry. 27635994 6 43 theme interfacial 850:860 arg1 drop 890:893 pendant drop 882:893 pendant drop 882:893 The interfaces were investigated combining interfacial techniques, such as pendant drop, interfacial shear and dilatational rheology, and neutron reflectometry. 27635994 6 43 theme interfacial 850:860 arg1 techniques 862:871 interfacial techniques 850:871 interfacial techniques 850:871 The interfaces were investigated combining interfacial techniques, such as pendant drop, interfacial shear and dilatational rheology, and neutron reflectometry. 27635994 6 43 theme interfacial 850:860 arg1 reflectometry 953:965 neutron reflectometry 945:965 neutron reflectometry 945:965 The interfaces were investigated combining interfacial techniques, such as pendant drop, interfacial shear and dilatational rheology, and neutron reflectometry. 27635994 6 43 theme interfacial 850:860 arg1 shear 908:912 interfacial shear 896:912 interfacial shear 896:912 The interfaces were investigated combining interfacial techniques, such as pendant drop, interfacial shear and dilatational rheology, and neutron reflectometry. 27635994 6 44 theme pendant 882:888 arg1 drop 890:893 pendant drop 882:893 pendant drop 882:893 The interfaces were investigated combining interfacial techniques, such as pendant drop, interfacial shear and dilatational rheology, and neutron reflectometry. 27635994 8 45 theme thick 1306:1310 arg1 layer 1324:1328 a thick interfacial layer 1304:1328 a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg 1304:1347 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 5 46 theme metNCC 787:792 arg1 combination 738:748 the combination 734:748 the combination of the flexible β-lg and the elastic metNCC 734:792 Moreover, the influence of the combination of the flexible β-lg and the elastic metNCC was studied. 27635994 2 47 theme gastric 214:220 arg1 lipases 222:228 gastric lipases 214:228 gastric lipases 214:228 Fat digestion begins in the stomach by adsorption of gastric lipases to oil/water interfaces. 27635994 2 48 theme lipases 222:228 arg1 adsorption 200:209 adsorption 200:209 adsorption of gastric lipases to oil/water interfaces 200:252 Fat digestion begins in the stomach by adsorption of gastric lipases to oil/water interfaces. 27635994 7 49 theme body 1155:1158 arg1 temperature 1160:1170 body temperature 1155:1170 body temperature 1155:1170 Displacement of biopolymer layers depended mainly on the fluid dynamics and thickness of the layers, both of which were drastically increased by the thermal induced gelation of metNCC at body temperature. 27635994 3 50 theme covered 292:298 arg1 interfaces 300:309 biopolymer covered interfaces 281:309 biopolymer covered interfaces 281:309 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 3 50 theme covered 292:298 arg1 barrier 333:339 a physical barrier 322:339 a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 322:419 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 8 51 theme metNCC 1423:1428 arg1 layer 1430:1434 a pure metNCC layer 1416:1434 a pure metNCC layer 1416:1434 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 8 52 theme shear 1398:1402 arg1 forces 1404:1409 higher shear forces 1391:1409 higher shear forces 1391:1409 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 8 53 theme higher 1391:1396 arg1 forces 1404:1409 higher shear forces 1391:1409 higher shear forces 1391:1409 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 9 54 dep inhibited 1484:1492 arg1 whereas 1495:1501 whereas 1495:1501 whereas 1495:1501 Hence, with metNCC alone lipolysis by rDGL was inhibited, whereas the layer performance could be increased by the combination with β-lg. 27635994 8 55 theme pure 1418:1421 arg1 layer 1430:1434 a pure metNCC layer 1416:1434 a pure metNCC layer 1416:1434 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 1 56 theme fight 146:150 arg1 obesity 152:158 fight obesity 146:158 fight obesity 146:158 Delayed fat digestion might help to fight obesity. 27635994 4 57 theme morphology 598:607 arg1 role 559:562 the role 555:562 the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes 555:646 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 3 58 theme physical 324:331 arg1 interfaces 300:309 biopolymer covered interfaces 281:309 biopolymer covered interfaces 281:309 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 3 58 theme physical 324:331 arg1 barrier 333:339 a physical barrier 322:339 a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 322:419 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 8 59 theme composite 1260:1268 arg1 layer 1282:1286 the composite β-lg-metNCC layer 1256:1286 the composite β-lg-metNCC layer 1256:1286 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 8 60 theme interfacial 1312:1322 arg1 layer 1324:1328 a thick interfacial layer 1304:1328 a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg 1304:1347 Soft, thin β-lg interfaces were almost fully displaced from the interface, whereas the composite β-lg-metNCC layer thermogelled to a thick interfacial layer incorporating β-lg as filler material and therefore resisted higher shear forces than a pure metNCC layer. 27635994 4 61 theme displacement 625:636 arg1 processes 638:646 interfacial displacement processes 613:646 interfacial displacement processes 613:646 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 0 62 theme Viscoelastic 67:78 arg1 Layers 102:107 Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers 67:107 Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers 67:107 Blocking Gastric Lipase Adsorption and Displacement Processes with Viscoelastic Biopolymer Adsorption Layers. 27635994 6 63 theme dilatational 918:929 arg1 rheology 931:938 dilatational rheology 918:938 dilatational rheology 918:938 The interfaces were investigated combining interfacial techniques, such as pendant drop, interfacial shear and dilatational rheology, and neutron reflectometry. 27635994 4 64 theme interfacial 613:623 arg1 processes 638:646 interfacial displacement processes 613:646 interfacial displacement processes 613:646 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 27635994 7 65 theme biopolymer 984:993 arg1 layers 995:1000 biopolymer layers 984:1000 biopolymer layers 984:1000 Displacement of biopolymer layers depended mainly on the fluid dynamics and thickness of the layers, both of which were drastically increased by the thermal induced gelation of metNCC at body temperature. 27635994 3 66 theme rDGL 377:380 arg1 lipolysis 411:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis 345:419 In this study we show how biopolymer covered interfaces can act as a physical barrier for recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) adsorption and thus gastric lipolysis. 27635994 4 67 used used 425:428 arg2 We 422:423 We 422:423 We 422:423 We used β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and thermosensitive methylated nanocrystalline cellulose (metNCC) as model biopolymers to investigate the role of interfacial fluid dynamics and morphology for interfacial displacement processes by rDGL and polysorbate 20 (P20) under gastric conditions. 28905695 16 0 theme neopropionicum 1757:1770 arg1 comb 1772:1775 Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb 1744:1775 Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb 1744:1775 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 15 1 theme related 1585:1591 arg1 species 1593:1599 the three related species 1575:1599 the three related species of the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb 1575:1655 For the three related species of the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb. 28905695 12 2 dep sequences 1229:1237 arg1 basis 1206:1210 basis 1206:1210 basis 1206:1210 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 12 2 dep sequences 1229:1237 arg1 the 1202:1204 the 1202:1204 the 1202:1204 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 1 3 theme Anaerotignum 288:299 arg1 species 267:273 species 267:273 species of the genus Anaerotignum 267:299 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 9 4 theme DNA 974:976 arg1 G+C content 978:988 The genomic DNA G+C content 962:988 The genomic DNA G+C content 962:988 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 28905695 9 4 theme DNA 974:976 arg1 % 1002:1002 38.2 mol% 994:1002 38.2 mol% 994:1002 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 28905695 12 5 theme Clostridia 1399:1408 arg1 XIVb 1381:1384 cluster XIVb 1373:1384 cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia 1373:1408 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 1 6 theme propionicum 190:200 arg1 bacterium 106:114 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium 61:114 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor 61:151 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 1 6 theme propionicum 190:200 arg1 reclassification 158:173 reclassification 158:173 reclassification 158:173 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 1 6 theme propionicum 190:200 arg1 nov. 55:58 nov. 55:58 nov. 55:58 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 13 7 theme phylogenetic 1424:1435 arg1 data 1452:1455 the phylogenetic and phenotypic data 1420:1455 the phylogenetic and phenotypic data 1420:1455 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. 28905695 16 8 theme strain 1669:1674 arg1 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 8 theme strain 1669:1674 arg1 5303T 1736:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 2 9 theme bacterial 323:331 arg1 strain 333:338 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 302:338 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) 302:347 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 28905695 2 9 theme bacterial 323:331 arg1 SH021T 341:346 SH021T 341:346 SH021T 341:346 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 28905695 16 10 theme 1682T=JCM 1680:1688 arg1 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 10 theme 1682T=JCM 1680:1688 arg1 5303T 1736:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 11 theme 25522T=CCUG 1701:1711 arg1 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 11 theme 25522T=CCUG 1701:1711 arg1 5303T 1736:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 10 12 theme major 1055:1059 arg1 Compounds 1005:1013 Compounds 1005:1013 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 1005:1036 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 were detected as major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis. 28905695 10 12 theme major 1055:1059 arg1 components 1061:1070 major components 1055:1070 major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis 1055:1107 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 were detected as major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis. 28905695 16 13 theme 10656T=VPI 1725:1734 arg1 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 13 theme 10656T=VPI 1725:1734 arg1 5303T 1736:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 10 14 theme fatty 1088:1092 arg1 acids 1094:1098 the cellular fatty acids 1075:1098 the cellular fatty acids analysis 1075:1107 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 were detected as major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis. 28905695 5 15 theme growth 601:606 arg1 acids 592:596 amino acids 586:596 amino acids 586:596 The strain was asaccharolytic and utilized amino acids as growth substrates. 28905695 5 15 theme growth 601:606 arg1 substrates 608:617 growth substrates 601:617 growth substrates 601:617 The strain was asaccharolytic and utilized amino acids as growth substrates. 28905695 4 16 theme optimum 519:525 arg1 6.1-7.7 534:540 6.1-7.7 534:540 6.1-7.7 534:540 The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C, and the optimum pH was 6.1-7.7. 28905695 4 16 theme optimum 519:525 arg1 pH 527:528 the optimum pH 515:528 the optimum pH 515:528 The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C, and the optimum pH was 6.1-7.7. 28905695 18 17 theme emended 1928:1934 arg1 descriptions 1936:1947 emended descriptions 1928:1947 emended descriptions of these species 1928:1964 nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 28905695 7 18 theme Branched-chain 738:751 arg1 l-isoleucine 766:777 l-isoleucine 766:777 l-isoleucine 766:777 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 18 theme Branched-chain 738:751 arg1 acids 759:763 Branched-chain amino acids 738:763 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) 738:802 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 18 theme Branched-chain 738:751 arg1 l-valine 794:801 l-valine 794:801 l-valine 794:801 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 18 theme Branched-chain 738:751 arg1 l-leucine 780:788 l-leucine 780:788 l-leucine 780:788 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 3 19 theme Gram-stain-positive 402:420 arg1 rods 459:462 Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods 402:462 Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods 402:462 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods. 28905695 14 20 theme =JCM 1545:1548 arg1 SH021T 1537:1542 strain SH021T 1530:1542 strain SH021T (=JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T) 1530:1568 nov. is proposed to accommodate strain SH021T (=JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T). 28905695 14 20 theme =JCM 1545:1548 arg1 103575T 1561:1567 =JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T 1545:1567 =JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T 1545:1567 nov. is proposed to accommodate strain SH021T (=JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T). 28905695 18 21 theme species 1958:1964 arg1 descriptions 1936:1947 emended descriptions 1928:1947 emended descriptions of these species 1928:1964 nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 28905695 1 22 theme anaerobic 72:80 arg1 bacterium 106:114 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium 61:114 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor 61:151 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 1 22 theme anaerobic 72:80 arg1 nov. 55:58 nov. 55:58 nov. 55:58 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 0 23 theme Anaerotignum 15:26 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Anaerotignum 0:26 Description of Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. 28905695 12 24 theme known 1265:1269 arg1 species 1271:1277 the most closely related known species 1240:1277 the most closely related known species 1240:1277 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 12 24 theme known 1265:1269 arg1 propionicum 1296:1306 Clostridium propionicum 1284:1306 Clostridium propionicum 1284:1306 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 3 25 theme straight 431:438 arg1 rods 459:462 Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods 402:462 Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods 402:462 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods. 28905695 7 26 used utilized 809:816 arg2 l-leucine 780:788 l-leucine 780:788 l-leucine 780:788 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 26 used utilized 809:816 arg2 l-isoleucine 766:777 l-isoleucine 766:777 l-isoleucine 766:777 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 26 used utilized 809:816 arg2 acids 759:763 Branched-chain amino acids 738:763 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) 738:802 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 26 used utilized 809:816 arg2 l-valine 794:801 l-valine 794:801 l-valine 794:801 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 0 27 theme gen. 40:43 arg1 nov. 45:48 gen. nov. 40:48 gen. nov. 40:48 Description of Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. 28905695 0 27 theme gen. 40:43 arg1 sp 51:52 sp 51:52 sp 51:52 Description of Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. 28905695 3 28 theme motile 423:428 arg1 rods 459:462 Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods 402:462 Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods 402:462 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods. 28905695 11 29 theme diamino 1125:1131 arg1 acid 1133:1136 The diagnostic diamino acid 1110:1136 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1110:1167 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28905695 11 29 theme diamino 1125:1131 arg1 acid 1193:1196 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1173:1196 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1173:1196 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28905695 17 30 theme type 1784:1787 arg1 15564T 1815:1820 type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T 1784:1820 type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T 1784:1820 nov. (type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T) and Anaerotignum lactatifermentans comb. 28905695 17 30 theme type 1784:1787 arg1 nov 1778:1780 nov 1778:1780 nov 1778:1780 nov. (type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T) and Anaerotignum lactatifermentans comb. 28905695 14 31 theme strain 1530:1535 arg1 SH021T 1537:1542 strain SH021T 1530:1542 strain SH021T (=JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T) 1530:1568 nov. is proposed to accommodate strain SH021T (=JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T). 28905695 14 31 theme strain 1530:1535 arg1 103575T 1561:1567 =JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T 1545:1567 =JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T 1545:1567 nov. is proposed to accommodate strain SH021T (=JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T). 28905695 18 32 theme G17T=DSM 1882:1889 arg1 nov 1864:1866 nov 1864:1866 nov 1864:1866 nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 28905695 18 32 theme G17T=DSM 1882:1889 arg1 20954T 1902:1907 type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T 1870:1907 type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T 1870:1907 nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 28905695 10 33 theme related 1015:1021 arg1 Compounds 1005:1013 Compounds 1005:1013 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 1005:1036 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 were detected as major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis. 28905695 10 33 theme related 1015:1021 arg1 components 1061:1070 major components 1055:1070 major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis 1055:1107 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 were detected as major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis. 28905695 17 34 theme X4T=DSM 1796:1802 arg1 15564T 1815:1820 type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T 1784:1820 type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T 1784:1820 nov. (type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T) and Anaerotignum lactatifermentans comb. 28905695 17 34 theme X4T=DSM 1796:1802 arg1 nov 1778:1780 nov 1778:1780 nov 1778:1780 nov. (type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T) and Anaerotignum lactatifermentans comb. 28905695 15 35 theme comb 1652:1655 arg1 species 1593:1599 the three related species 1575:1599 the three related species of the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb 1575:1655 For the three related species of the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb. 28905695 13 36 theme phenotypic 1441:1450 arg1 data 1452:1455 the phylogenetic and phenotypic data 1420:1455 the phylogenetic and phenotypic data 1420:1455 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. 28905695 18 37 theme type 1870:1873 arg1 nov 1864:1866 nov 1864:1866 nov 1864:1866 nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 28905695 18 37 theme type 1870:1873 arg1 20954T 1902:1907 type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T 1870:1907 type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T 1870:1907 nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 28905695 16 38 theme Anaerotignum 1744:1755 arg1 comb 1772:1775 Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb 1744:1775 Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb 1744:1775 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 11 39 theme cell-wall 1145:1153 arg1 peptidoglycan 1155:1167 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1141:1167 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1141:1167 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28905695 12 40 theme rRNA 1219:1222 arg1 sequences 1229:1237 16S rRNA gene sequences 1215:1237 16S rRNA gene sequences 1215:1237 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 2 41 theme methanogenic 369:380 arg1 reactor 382:388 a methanogenic reactor 367:388 a methanogenic reactor 367:388 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 28905695 7 42 theme amino 753:757 arg1 l-isoleucine 766:777 l-isoleucine 766:777 l-isoleucine 766:777 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 42 theme amino 753:757 arg1 acids 759:763 Branched-chain amino acids 738:763 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) 738:802 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 42 theme amino 753:757 arg1 l-valine 794:801 l-valine 794:801 l-valine 794:801 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 42 theme amino 753:757 arg1 l-leucine 780:788 l-leucine 780:788 l-leucine 780:788 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 2 43 theme anaerobic 313:321 arg1 strain 333:338 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 302:338 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) 302:347 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 28905695 2 43 theme anaerobic 313:321 arg1 SH021T 341:346 SH021T 341:346 SH021T 341:346 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 28905695 1 44 theme genus 282:286 arg1 Anaerotignum 288:299 the genus Anaerotignum 278:299 the genus Anaerotignum 278:299 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 2 45 attach isolated 353:360 arg2 SH021T 341:346 SH021T 341:346 SH021T 341:346 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 28905695 2 45 attach isolated 353:360 arg2 strain 333:338 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 302:338 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) 302:347 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 28905695 2 45 attach isolated 353:360 arg1 reactor 382:388 a methanogenic reactor 367:388 a methanogenic reactor 367:388 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. 28905695 9 46 theme genomic 966:972 arg1 G+C content 978:988 The genomic DNA G+C content 962:988 The genomic DNA G+C content 962:988 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 28905695 9 46 theme genomic 966:972 arg1 % 1002:1002 38.2 mol% 994:1002 38.2 mol% 994:1002 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 28905695 6 47 from l-serine 682:689 arg1 acetate 640:646 acetate 640:646 acetate 640:646 The strain produced acetate and propionate from l-alanine and l-serine, and propionate and butyrate from l-threonine. 28905695 6 47 from l-serine 682:689 arg1 butyrate 711:718 butyrate 711:718 butyrate 711:718 The strain produced acetate and propionate from l-alanine and l-serine, and propionate and butyrate from l-threonine. 28905695 6 47 from l-serine 682:689 arg1 propionate 696:705 propionate 696:705 propionate 696:705 The strain produced acetate and propionate from l-alanine and l-serine, and propionate and butyrate from l-threonine. 28905695 6 47 from l-serine 682:689 arg1 propionate 652:661 propionate 652:661 propionate 652:661 The strain produced acetate and propionate from l-alanine and l-serine, and propionate and butyrate from l-threonine. 28905695 9 48 theme 38.2 mol 994:1001 arg1 G+C content 978:988 The genomic DNA G+C content 962:988 The genomic DNA G+C content 962:988 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 28905695 9 48 theme 38.2 mol 994:1001 arg1 % 1002:1002 38.2 mol% 994:1002 38.2 mol% 994:1002 The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 28905695 15 49 dep Anaerotignum 1627:1638 arg1 propionicum 1640:1650 propionicum 1640:1650 propionicum 1640:1650 For the three related species of the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb. 28905695 12 50 theme class 1393:1397 arg1 Clostridia 1399:1408 the class Clostridia 1389:1408 the class Clostridia 1389:1408 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 4 51 theme optimum 469:475 arg1 temperature 477:487 The optimum temperature 465:487 The optimum temperature for growth 465:498 The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C, and the optimum pH was 6.1-7.7. 28905695 16 52 theme type 1664:1667 arg1 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 52 theme type 1664:1667 arg1 5303T 1736:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 1 53 theme neopropionicum 215:228 arg1 bacterium 106:114 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium 61:114 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor 61:151 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 1 53 theme neopropionicum 215:228 arg1 reclassification 158:173 reclassification 158:173 reclassification 158:173 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 1 53 theme neopropionicum 215:228 arg1 nov. 55:58 nov. 55:58 nov. 55:58 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 12 54 theme cluster 1373:1379 arg1 XIVb 1381:1384 cluster XIVb 1373:1384 cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia 1373:1408 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 16 55 theme DSM 1676:1678 arg1 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 55 theme DSM 1676:1678 arg1 5303T 1736:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 6 56 from l-alanine 668:676 arg1 acetate 640:646 acetate 640:646 acetate 640:646 The strain produced acetate and propionate from l-alanine and l-serine, and propionate and butyrate from l-threonine. 28905695 6 56 from l-alanine 668:676 arg1 butyrate 711:718 butyrate 711:718 butyrate 711:718 The strain produced acetate and propionate from l-alanine and l-serine, and propionate and butyrate from l-threonine. 28905695 6 56 from l-alanine 668:676 arg1 propionate 696:705 propionate 696:705 propionate 696:705 The strain produced acetate and propionate from l-alanine and l-serine, and propionate and butyrate from l-threonine. 28905695 6 56 from l-alanine 668:676 arg1 propionate 652:661 propionate 652:661 propionate 652:661 The strain produced acetate and propionate from l-alanine and l-serine, and propionate and butyrate from l-threonine. 28905695 16 57 theme 1430T=ATCC 1690:1699 arg1 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 57 theme 1430T=ATCC 1690:1699 arg1 5303T 1736:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 58 theme 9280T=NCIMB 1713:1723 arg1 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 58 theme 9280T=NCIMB 1713:1723 arg1 5303T 1736:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 1 59 theme methanogenic 132:143 arg1 reactor 145:151 a methanogenic reactor 130:151 a methanogenic reactor 130:151 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 16 60 dep comb 1772:1775 arg1 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov 1658:1660 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 16 60 dep comb 1772:1775 arg1 5303T 1736:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T 1664:1740 nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. 28905695 12 61 theme 16S 1215:1217 arg1 sequences 1229:1237 16S rRNA gene sequences 1215:1237 16S rRNA gene sequences 1215:1237 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 10 62 theme cellular 1079:1086 arg1 acids 1094:1098 the cellular fatty acids 1075:1098 the cellular fatty acids analysis 1075:1107 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 were detected as major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis. 28905695 1 63 dep anaerobic 72:80 arg1 amino-acid-decomposing 83:104 amino-acid-decomposing 83:104 amino-acid-decomposing 83:104 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 8 64 theme Strain 871:876 arg1 SH021T 878:883 Strain SH021T 871:883 Strain SH021T 871:883 Strain SH021T utilized pyruvate and lactate, and converted them to acetate and propionate. 28905695 8 65 used utilized 885:892 arg2 SH021T 878:883 Strain SH021T 871:883 Strain SH021T 871:883 Strain SH021T utilized pyruvate and lactate, and converted them to acetate and propionate. 28905695 10 66 from components 1061:1070 arg1 analysis 1100:1107 the cellular fatty acids analysis 1075:1107 the cellular fatty acids analysis 1075:1107 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 were detected as major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis. 28905695 11 67 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1173:1191 arg1 acid 1133:1136 The diagnostic diamino acid 1110:1136 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1110:1167 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28905695 11 67 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1173:1191 arg1 acid 1193:1196 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1173:1196 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1173:1196 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28905695 14 68 theme 31556T=DSM 1550:1559 arg1 SH021T 1537:1542 strain SH021T 1530:1542 strain SH021T (=JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T) 1530:1568 nov. is proposed to accommodate strain SH021T (=JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T). 28905695 14 68 theme 31556T=DSM 1550:1559 arg1 103575T 1561:1567 =JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T 1545:1567 =JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T 1545:1567 nov. is proposed to accommodate strain SH021T (=JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T). 28905695 10 69 theme acids 1094:1098 arg1 analysis 1100:1107 the cellular fatty acids analysis 1075:1107 the cellular fatty acids analysis 1075:1107 Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 were detected as major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis. 28905695 5 70 theme amino 586:590 arg1 acids 592:596 amino acids 586:596 amino acids 586:596 The strain was asaccharolytic and utilized amino acids as growth substrates. 28905695 5 70 theme amino 586:590 arg1 substrates 608:617 growth substrates 601:617 growth substrates 601:617 The strain was asaccharolytic and utilized amino acids as growth substrates. 28905695 5 71 used utilized 577:584 arg2 asaccharolytic 558:571 asaccharolytic 558:571 asaccharolytic 558:571 The strain was asaccharolytic and utilized amino acids as growth substrates. 28905695 5 71 used utilized 577:584 arg2 strain 547:552 The strain 543:552 The strain 543:552 The strain was asaccharolytic and utilized amino acids as growth substrates. 28905695 3 72 theme curved 452:457 arg1 rods 459:462 Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods 402:462 Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods 402:462 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods. 28905695 15 73 dep genus 1608:1612 arg1 Anaerotignum 1627:1638 Anaerotignum 1627:1638 Anaerotignum 1627:1638 For the three related species of the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb. 28905695 15 73 dep genus 1608:1612 arg1 Clostridium 1614:1624 Clostridium 1614:1624 Clostridium 1614:1624 For the three related species of the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb. 28905695 11 74 theme diagnostic 1114:1123 arg1 acid 1133:1136 The diagnostic diamino acid 1110:1136 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1110:1167 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28905695 11 74 theme diagnostic 1114:1123 arg1 acid 1193:1196 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1173:1196 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1173:1196 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28905695 1 75 attach isolated 116:123 arg2 bacterium 106:114 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium 61:114 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor 61:151 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 1 75 attach isolated 116:123 arg2 nov. 55:58 nov. 55:58 nov. 55:58 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 1 75 attach isolated 116:123 arg1 reactor 145:151 a methanogenic reactor 130:151 a methanogenic reactor 130:151 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 13 76 theme gen. 1483:1486 arg1 sp 1494:1495 sp 1494:1495 sp 1494:1495 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. 28905695 13 76 theme gen. 1483:1486 arg1 nov. 1488:1491 gen. nov. 1483:1491 gen. nov. 1483:1491 Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. 28905695 18 77 theme 14214T=LMG 1891:1900 arg1 nov 1864:1866 nov 1864:1866 nov 1864:1866 nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 28905695 18 77 theme 14214T=LMG 1891:1900 arg1 20954T 1902:1907 type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T 1870:1907 type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T 1870:1907 nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 28905695 11 78 theme peptidoglycan 1155:1167 arg1 acid 1133:1136 The diagnostic diamino acid 1110:1136 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1110:1167 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28905695 11 78 theme peptidoglycan 1155:1167 arg1 acid 1193:1196 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1173:1196 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1173:1196 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28905695 17 79 theme strain 1789:1794 arg1 15564T 1815:1820 type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T 1784:1820 type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T 1784:1820 nov. (type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T) and Anaerotignum lactatifermentans comb. 28905695 17 79 theme strain 1789:1794 arg1 nov 1778:1780 nov 1778:1780 nov 1778:1780 nov. (type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T) and Anaerotignum lactatifermentans comb. 28905695 12 80 theme related 1257:1263 arg1 species 1271:1277 the most closely related known species 1240:1277 the most closely related known species 1240:1277 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 12 80 theme related 1257:1263 arg1 propionicum 1296:1306 Clostridium propionicum 1284:1306 Clostridium propionicum 1284:1306 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 18 81 theme strain 1875:1880 arg1 nov 1864:1866 nov 1864:1866 nov 1864:1866 nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 28905695 18 81 theme strain 1875:1880 arg1 20954T 1902:1907 type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T 1870:1907 type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T 1870:1907 nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species. 28905695 1 82 theme lactatifermentans 246:262 arg1 bacterium 106:114 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium 61:114 a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor 61:151 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 1 82 theme lactatifermentans 246:262 arg1 reclassification 158:173 reclassification 158:173 reclassification 158:173 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 1 82 theme lactatifermentans 246:262 arg1 nov. 55:58 nov. 55:58 nov. 55:58 nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum. 28905695 7 83 dep acids 759:763 arg1 l-isoleucine 766:777 l-isoleucine 766:777 l-isoleucine 766:777 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 83 dep acids 759:763 arg1 acids 759:763 Branched-chain amino acids 738:763 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) 738:802 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 83 dep acids 759:763 arg1 l-valine 794:801 l-valine 794:801 l-valine 794:801 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 7 83 dep acids 759:763 arg1 l-leucine 780:788 l-leucine 780:788 l-leucine 780:788 Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. 28905695 17 84 theme 3847T=KCTC 1804:1813 arg1 15564T 1815:1820 type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T 1784:1820 type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T 1784:1820 nov. (type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T) and Anaerotignum lactatifermentans comb. 28905695 17 84 theme 3847T=KCTC 1804:1813 arg1 nov 1778:1780 nov 1778:1780 nov 1778:1780 nov. (type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T) and Anaerotignum lactatifermentans comb. 28905695 12 85 theme gene 1224:1227 arg1 sequences 1229:1237 16S rRNA gene sequences 1215:1237 16S rRNA gene sequences 1215:1237 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia. 28905695 15 86 theme genus 1608:1612 arg1 comb 1652:1655 the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb 1604:1655 the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb 1604:1655 For the three related species of the genus Clostridium, Anaerotignum propionicum comb. 26348027 4 0 from levels 598:603 arg1 BM 612:613 the BM 608:613 the BM surrounding the egg chamber 608:641 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 4 1 theme morphogenetic 672:684 arg1 relevance 686:694 morphogenetic relevance 672:694 morphogenetic relevance 672:694 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 8 2 from changes 1375:1381 arg1 composition 1389:1399 BM composition 1386:1399 BM composition 1386:1399 These data provide mechanistic insight into SPARC's conserved role in matrix dynamics and demonstrate that regulated changes in BM composition influence organ morphogenesis. 26348027 5 3 theme SPARC 866:870 arg1 down-regulation 872:886 SPARC down-regulation 866:886 SPARC down-regulation 866:886 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 4 4 theme Collagen 580:587 arg1 levels 598:603 Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels 572:603 Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber 572:641 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 2 5 theme tissue 297:302 arg1 morphogenesis 304:316 tissue morphogenesis 297:316 tissue morphogenesis 297:316 Recent evidence suggests that regulated changes in BM architecture can direct tissue morphogenesis, but the mechanisms by which cells remodel BMs are largely unknown. 26348027 5 6 theme protein 787:793 arg1 SPARC 795:799 the Collagen-binding protein SPARC 766:799 the Collagen-binding protein SPARC 766:799 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 5 6 theme protein 787:793 arg1 regulator 815:823 a negative regulator 804:823 a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation 804:849 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 4 7 dep mechanisms 657:666 arg1 the 653:655 the 653:655 the 653:655 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 8 8 theme conserved 1310:1318 arg1 role 1320:1323 SPARC's conserved role 1302:1323 SPARC's conserved role in matrix dynamics 1302:1342 These data provide mechanistic insight into SPARC's conserved role in matrix dynamics and demonstrate that regulated changes in BM composition influence organ morphogenesis. 26348027 5 9 theme chamber 832:838 arg1 elongation 840:849 egg chamber elongation 828:849 egg chamber elongation 828:849 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 5 10 theme Collagen-binding 770:785 arg1 SPARC 795:799 the Collagen-binding protein SPARC 766:799 the Collagen-binding protein SPARC 766:799 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 5 10 theme Collagen-binding 770:785 arg1 regulator 815:823 a negative regulator 804:823 a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation 804:849 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 0 11 theme Dynamic 0:6 arg1 regulation 8:17 Dynamic regulation 0:17 Dynamic regulation of basement membrane protein levels 0:53 Dynamic regulation of basement membrane protein levels promotes egg chamber elongation in Drosophila. 26348027 1 12 theme essential 178:186 arg1 support 188:194 essential support 178:194 essential support to epithelial tissues 178:216 Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues. 26348027 3 13 theme Drosophila 390:399 arg1 structure 430:438 an organ-like structure 416:438 an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures 416:509 The Drosophila egg chamber is an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures. 26348027 3 13 theme Drosophila 390:399 arg1 chamber 405:411 The Drosophila egg chamber 386:411 The Drosophila egg chamber 386:411 The Drosophila egg chamber is an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures. 26348027 7 14 theme Perlecan 1159:1166 arg1 levels 1168:1173 Perlecan levels 1159:1173 Perlecan levels 1159:1173 We additionally observe a decrease in Perlecan levels during elongation, and show that Perlecan is a negative regulator of this process. 26348027 8 15 from role 1320:1323 arg1 dynamics 1335:1342 matrix dynamics 1328:1342 matrix dynamics 1328:1342 These data provide mechanistic insight into SPARC's conserved role in matrix dynamics and demonstrate that regulated changes in BM composition influence organ morphogenesis. 26348027 3 16 theme egg 401:403 arg1 structure 430:438 an organ-like structure 416:438 an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures 416:509 The Drosophila egg chamber is an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures. 26348027 3 16 theme egg 401:403 arg1 chamber 405:411 The Drosophila egg chamber 386:411 The Drosophila egg chamber 386:411 The Drosophila egg chamber is an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures. 26348027 4 17 theme event 715:719 arg1 mechanisms 657:666 mechanisms 657:666 mechanisms 657:666 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 4 17 theme event 715:719 arg1 relevance 686:694 morphogenetic relevance 672:694 morphogenetic relevance 672:694 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 7 18 theme process 1249:1255 arg1 regulator 1231:1239 a negative regulator 1220:1239 a negative regulator of this process 1220:1255 We additionally observe a decrease in Perlecan levels during elongation, and show that Perlecan is a negative regulator of this process. 26348027 7 18 theme process 1249:1255 arg1 Perlecan 1208:1215 Perlecan 1208:1215 Perlecan 1208:1215 We additionally observe a decrease in Perlecan levels during elongation, and show that Perlecan is a negative regulator of this process. 26348027 0 19 theme basement 22:29 arg1 levels 48:53 basement membrane protein levels 22:53 basement membrane protein levels 22:53 Dynamic regulation of basement membrane protein levels promotes egg chamber elongation in Drosophila. 26348027 1 20 theme Basement 102:109 arg1 matrices 156:163 sheet-like extracellular matrices 131:163 sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues 131:216 Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues. 26348027 1 20 theme Basement 102:109 arg1 BMs 122:124 BMs 122:124 BMs 122:124 Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues. 26348027 1 20 theme Basement 102:109 arg1 membranes 111:119 Basement membranes 102:119 Basement membranes (BMs) 102:125 Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues. 26348027 2 21 from changes 259:265 arg1 architecture 273:284 BM architecture 270:284 BM architecture 270:284 Recent evidence suggests that regulated changes in BM architecture can direct tissue morphogenesis, but the mechanisms by which cells remodel BMs are largely unknown. 26348027 1 22 theme epithelial 199:208 arg1 tissues 210:216 epithelial tissues 199:216 epithelial tissues 199:216 Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues. 26348027 4 23 from increase 560:567 arg1 levels 598:603 Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels 572:603 Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber 572:641 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 5 24 theme IV 925:926 arg1 levels 928:933 Col IV levels 921:933 Col IV levels 921:933 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 6 25 theme Col 1101:1103 arg1 incorporation 1066:1078 the incorporation 1062:1078 the incorporation of newly synthesized Col IV into the BM 1062:1118 We find that SPARC interacts with Col IV prior to secretion and propose that, through this interaction, SPARC blocks the incorporation of newly synthesized Col IV into the BM. 26348027 0 26 theme protein 40:46 arg1 levels 48:53 basement membrane protein levels 22:53 basement membrane protein levels 22:53 Dynamic regulation of basement membrane protein levels promotes egg chamber elongation in Drosophila. 26348027 4 27 theme Type 572:575 arg1 Col 590:592 Col IV 590:595 Col IV 590:595 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 4 27 theme Type 572:575 arg1 Collagen 580:587 Type IV Collagen 572:587 Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber 572:641 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 2 28 theme regulated 249:257 arg1 changes 259:265 regulated changes 249:265 regulated changes in BM architecture 249:284 Recent evidence suggests that regulated changes in BM architecture can direct tissue morphogenesis, but the mechanisms by which cells remodel BMs are largely unknown. 26348027 7 29 theme negative 1222:1229 arg1 regulator 1231:1239 a negative regulator 1220:1239 a negative regulator of this process 1220:1255 We additionally observe a decrease in Perlecan levels during elongation, and show that Perlecan is a negative regulator of this process. 26348027 7 29 theme negative 1222:1229 arg1 Perlecan 1208:1215 Perlecan 1208:1215 Perlecan 1208:1215 We additionally observe a decrease in Perlecan levels during elongation, and show that Perlecan is a negative regulator of this process. 26348027 4 30 theme egg 631:633 arg1 chamber 635:641 the egg chamber 627:641 the egg chamber 627:641 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 0 31 theme membrane 31:38 arg1 levels 48:53 basement membrane protein levels 22:53 basement membrane protein levels 22:53 Dynamic regulation of basement membrane protein levels promotes egg chamber elongation in Drosophila. 26348027 3 32 theme organ-like 419:428 arg1 structure 430:438 an organ-like structure 416:438 an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures 416:509 The Drosophila egg chamber is an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures. 26348027 3 32 theme organ-like 419:428 arg1 chamber 405:411 The Drosophila egg chamber 386:411 The Drosophila egg chamber 386:411 The Drosophila egg chamber is an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures. 26348027 5 33 theme egg 828:830 arg1 elongation 840:849 egg chamber elongation 828:849 egg chamber elongation 828:849 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 8 34 theme organ 1411:1415 arg1 morphogenesis 1417:1429 organ morphogenesis 1411:1429 organ morphogenesis 1411:1429 These data provide mechanistic insight into SPARC's conserved role in matrix dynamics and demonstrate that regulated changes in BM composition influence organ morphogenesis. 26348027 8 35 theme BM 1386:1387 arg1 composition 1389:1399 BM composition 1386:1399 BM composition 1386:1399 These data provide mechanistic insight into SPARC's conserved role in matrix dynamics and demonstrate that regulated changes in BM composition influence organ morphogenesis. 26348027 0 36 theme levels 48:53 arg1 regulation 8:17 Dynamic regulation 0:17 Dynamic regulation of basement membrane protein levels 0:53 Dynamic regulation of basement membrane protein levels promotes egg chamber elongation in Drosophila. 26348027 4 37 theme stage-specific 545:558 arg1 increase 560:567 a stage-specific increase 543:567 a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber 543:641 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 2 38 theme Recent 219:224 arg1 evidence 226:233 Recent evidence 219:233 Recent evidence 219:233 Recent evidence suggests that regulated changes in BM architecture can direct tissue morphogenesis, but the mechanisms by which cells remodel BMs are largely unknown. 26348027 8 39 theme matrix 1328:1333 arg1 dynamics 1335:1342 matrix dynamics 1328:1342 matrix dynamics 1328:1342 These data provide mechanistic insight into SPARC's conserved role in matrix dynamics and demonstrate that regulated changes in BM composition influence organ morphogenesis. 26348027 3 40 theme it 500:501 arg1 matures 503:509 it matures 500:509 it matures 500:509 The Drosophila egg chamber is an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures. 26348027 7 41 from decrease 1147:1154 arg1 levels 1168:1173 Perlecan levels 1159:1173 Perlecan levels 1159:1173 We additionally observe a decrease in Perlecan levels during elongation, and show that Perlecan is a negative regulator of this process. 26348027 3 42 theme ellipsoidal 479:489 arg1 shape 491:495 an ellipsoidal shape 476:495 an ellipsoidal shape as it matures 476:509 The Drosophila egg chamber is an organ-like structure that transforms from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape as it matures. 26348027 5 43 theme Col 921:923 arg1 levels 928:933 Col IV levels 921:933 Col IV levels 921:933 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 8 44 theme mechanistic 1277:1287 arg1 insight 1289:1295 mechanistic insight 1277:1295 mechanistic insight into SPARC's conserved role in matrix dynamics 1277:1342 These data provide mechanistic insight into SPARC's conserved role in matrix dynamics and demonstrate that regulated changes in BM composition influence organ morphogenesis. 26348027 2 45 theme BM 270:271 arg1 architecture 273:284 BM architecture 270:284 BM architecture 270:284 Recent evidence suggests that regulated changes in BM architecture can direct tissue morphogenesis, but the mechanisms by which cells remodel BMs are largely unknown. 26348027 5 46 from increase 909:916 arg1 levels 928:933 Col IV levels 921:933 Col IV levels 921:933 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 4 47 theme remodeling 704:713 arg1 event 715:719 this remodeling event 699:719 this remodeling event 699:719 This elongation coincides with a stage-specific increase in Type IV Collagen (Col IV) levels in the BM surrounding the egg chamber; however, the mechanisms and morphogenetic relevance of this remodeling event have not been established. 26348027 0 48 theme chamber 68:74 arg1 elongation 76:85 egg chamber elongation 64:85 egg chamber elongation 64:85 Dynamic regulation of basement membrane protein levels promotes egg chamber elongation in Drosophila. 26348027 6 49 theme prior 986:990 arg1 Col 979:981 Col IV 979:984 Col IV prior to secretion 979:1003 We find that SPARC interacts with Col IV prior to secretion and propose that, through this interaction, SPARC blocks the incorporation of newly synthesized Col IV into the BM. 26348027 8 50 theme regulated 1365:1373 arg1 changes 1375:1381 regulated changes 1365:1381 regulated changes in BM composition 1365:1399 These data provide mechanistic insight into SPARC's conserved role in matrix dynamics and demonstrate that regulated changes in BM composition influence organ morphogenesis. 26348027 5 51 theme negative 806:813 arg1 SPARC 795:799 the Collagen-binding protein SPARC 766:799 the Collagen-binding protein SPARC 766:799 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 5 51 theme negative 806:813 arg1 regulator 815:823 a negative regulator 804:823 a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation 804:849 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 1 52 theme sheet-like 131:140 arg1 matrices 156:163 sheet-like extracellular matrices 131:163 sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues 131:216 Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues. 26348027 1 52 theme sheet-like 131:140 arg1 membranes 111:119 Basement membranes 102:119 Basement membranes (BMs) 102:125 Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues. 26348027 5 53 theme elongation 840:849 arg1 SPARC 795:799 the Collagen-binding protein SPARC 766:799 the Collagen-binding protein SPARC 766:799 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 5 53 theme elongation 840:849 arg1 regulator 815:823 a negative regulator 804:823 a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation 804:849 Here, we identify the Collagen-binding protein SPARC as a negative regulator of egg chamber elongation, and show that SPARC down-regulation is necessary for the increase in Col IV levels to occur. 26348027 0 54 theme egg 64:66 arg1 elongation 76:85 egg chamber elongation 64:85 egg chamber elongation 64:85 Dynamic regulation of basement membrane protein levels promotes egg chamber elongation in Drosophila. 26348027 1 55 theme extracellular 142:154 arg1 matrices 156:163 sheet-like extracellular matrices 131:163 sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues 131:216 Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues. 26348027 1 55 theme extracellular 142:154 arg1 membranes 111:119 Basement membranes 102:119 Basement membranes (BMs) 102:125 Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like extracellular matrices that provide essential support to epithelial tissues. 25061065 15 0 theme type 1330:1333 arg1 strains 1335:1341 the type strains 1326:1341 the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus 1326:1414 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 20 1 theme type 2047:2050 arg1 WK011 2062:2066 WK011 2062:2066 WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)) 2062:2102 The type strain is WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)). 25061065 20 1 theme type 2047:2050 arg1 strain 2052:2057 The type strain 2043:2057 The type strain 2043:2057 The type strain is WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)). 25061065 6 2 theme Spore 525:529 arg1 formation 531:539 Spore formation 525:539 Spore formation 525:539 Spore formation was not observed. 25061065 15 3 theme Zymophilus 1518:1527 arg1 species 1497:1503 the two species 1489:1503 the two species of the genus Zymophilus 1489:1527 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 9 4 theme Hydrogen 708:715 arg1 sulfide 717:723 Hydrogen sulfide 708:723 Hydrogen sulfide 708:723 Hydrogen sulfide was produced. 25061065 13 5 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1026:1044 arg1 acid 1046:1049 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1026:1049 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1026:1049 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25061065 13 5 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1026:1044 arg1 acid 986:989 The diagnostic diamino acid 963:989 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 963:1020 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25061065 18 6 dep Propionispira 1973:1985 arg1 arcuata 1987:1993 arcuata 1987:1993 arcuata 1987:1993 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 1 7 theme Propionispira 178:190 arg1 comb 208:211 Propionispira raffinosivorans comb 178:211 Propionispira raffinosivorans comb 178:211 nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 15 8 theme Zymophilus 1405:1414 arg1 species 1384:1390 the second species 1373:1390 the second species of the genus Zymophilus 1373:1414 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 14 9 theme sequences 1134:1142 arg1 basis 1111:1115 the basis 1107:1115 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 1107:1142 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 17 10 theme DSM 1754:1756 arg1 T 1764:1764 T 1764:1764 T 1764:1764 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 17 10 theme DSM 1754:1756 arg1 20756 1758:1762 ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756 1738:1762 type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T) 1717:1765 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 3 11 theme Propionispira 297:309 arg1 nov. 255:258 nov. 255:258 nov. 255:258 nov. and emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 3 11 theme Propionispira 297:309 arg1 description 272:282 emended description 264:282 emended description 264:282 nov. and emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 14 12 theme rRNA 1124:1127 arg1 sequences 1134:1142 16S rRNA gene sequences 1120:1142 16S rRNA gene sequences 1120:1142 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 13 13 theme peptidoglycan 1008:1020 arg1 acid 1046:1049 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1026:1049 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1026:1049 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25061065 13 13 theme peptidoglycan 1008:1020 arg1 acid 986:989 The diagnostic diamino acid 963:989 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 963:1020 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25061065 18 14 from those 1921:1925 arg1 characteristics 1881:1895 the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics 1849:1895 the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species 1849:1952 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 18 14 from those 1921:1925 arg1 WK011 1907:1911 strain WK011 1900:1911 strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species 1900:1952 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 18 14 from those 1921:1925 arg1 T 1913:1913 T 1913:1913 T 1913:1913 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 11 15 theme G+C 858:860 arg1 % 882:882 41.7 mol% 874:882 41.7 mol% 874:882 The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol%. 25061065 11 15 theme G+C 858:860 arg1 content 862:868 The genomic DNA G+C content 842:868 The genomic DNA G+C content 842:868 The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol%. 25061065 14 16 theme % 1207:1207 arg1 similarity 1218:1227 95.6% sequence similarity 1203:1227 95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species 1203:1263 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 17 17 theme Propionispira 1810:1822 arg1 description 1785:1795 an emended description 1774:1795 an emended description of the genus Propionispira 1774:1822 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 4 18 theme cattle 422:427 arg1 farms 429:433 cattle farms 422:433 cattle farms 422:433 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011(T), was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 25061065 11 19 theme mol 879:881 arg1 % 882:882 41.7 mol% 874:882 41.7 mol% 874:882 The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol%. 25061065 11 19 theme mol 879:881 arg1 content 862:868 The genomic DNA G+C content 842:868 The genomic DNA G+C content 842:868 The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol%. 25061065 13 20 theme diamino 978:984 arg1 acid 1046:1049 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1026:1049 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1026:1049 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25061065 13 20 theme diamino 978:984 arg1 acid 986:989 The diagnostic diamino acid 963:989 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 963:1020 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25061065 18 21 from characteristics 1881:1895 arg1 those 1921:1925 those 1921:1925 those 1921:1925 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 20 22 theme DSM 2090:2092 arg1 T 2100:2100 T 2100:2100 T 2100:2100 The type strain is WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)). 25061065 20 22 theme DSM 2090:2092 arg1 22929 2094:2098 = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929 2073:2098 = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T) 2073:2101 The type strain is WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)). 25061065 20 22 theme DSM 2090:2092 arg1 WK011 2062:2066 WK011 2062:2066 WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)) 2062:2102 The type strain is WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)). 25061065 1 23 theme paucivorans 163:173 arg1 reclassification 101:116 reclassification 101:116 reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb 101:211 nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 1 24 theme waste 94:98 arg1 reactor 76:82 a methanogenic reactor 61:82 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 61:98 nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 11 25 theme genomic 846:852 arg1 % 882:882 41.7 mol% 874:882 41.7 mol% 874:882 The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol%. 25061065 11 25 theme genomic 846:852 arg1 content 862:868 The genomic DNA G+C content 842:868 The genomic DNA G+C content 842:868 The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol%. 25061065 17 26 theme = 1736:1736 arg1 nov 1711:1713 nov 1711:1713 nov 1711:1713 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 17 26 theme = 1736:1736 arg1 strain 1722:1727 type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T) 1717:1765 type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T) 1717:1765 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 12 27 theme cellular 895:902 arg1 C15:0 921:925 C15:0 921:925 C15:0 921:925 The major cellular fatty acids were C15:0, C16:1ω9c and C18:1 dimethylacetal. 25061065 12 27 theme cellular 895:902 arg1 acids 910:914 The major cellular fatty acids 885:914 The major cellular fatty acids 885:914 The major cellular fatty acids were C15:0, C16:1ω9c and C18:1 dimethylacetal. 25061065 1 28 theme methanogenic 63:74 arg1 reactor 76:82 a methanogenic reactor 61:82 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 61:98 nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 4 29 theme bacterial 333:341 arg1 WK011 351:355 WK011 351:355 WK011(T) 351:358 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011(T), was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 25061065 4 29 theme bacterial 333:341 arg1 strain 343:348 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 312:348 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 312:348 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011(T), was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 25061065 14 30 theme related 1069:1075 arg1 arboris 1163:1169 Propionispira arboris 1149:1169 Propionispira arboris 1149:1169 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 14 30 theme related 1069:1075 arg1 species 1077:1083 The most closely related species 1052:1083 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 1052:1142 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 0 31 theme Propionispira 15:27 arg1 sp 37:38 Propionispira arcuata sp 15:38 Propionispira arcuata sp 15:38 Description of Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 5 32 with rods 484:487 arg1 flagellum 514:522 a polar or subpolar flagellum 494:522 a polar or subpolar flagellum 494:522 The cells stained Gram-negative and were curved rods with a polar or subpolar flagellum. 25061065 7 33 theme optimum 563:569 arg1 temperature 571:581 The optimum temperature 559:581 The optimum temperature for growth 559:592 The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C and the optimum pH was 6.7. 25061065 7 33 theme optimum 563:569 arg1 °C 601:602 35 °C 598:602 35 °C 598:602 The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C and the optimum pH was 6.7. 25061065 4 34 attach isolated 365:372 arg2 strain 343:348 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 312:348 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 312:348 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011(T), was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 25061065 4 34 attach isolated 365:372 arg1 reactor 394:400 a methanogenic reactor 379:400 a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms 379:433 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011(T), was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 25061065 4 34 attach isolated 365:372 arg2 WK011 351:355 WK011 351:355 WK011(T) 351:358 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011(T), was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 25061065 0 35 theme sp 37:38 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Propionispira arcuata sp. 0:39 Description of Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 18 36 from differences 1834:1844 arg1 characteristics 1881:1895 the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics 1849:1895 the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species 1849:1952 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 18 37 theme phenotypic 1870:1879 arg1 characteristics 1881:1895 the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics 1849:1895 the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species 1849:1952 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 17 38 theme type 1717:1720 arg1 nov 1711:1713 nov 1711:1713 nov 1711:1713 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 17 38 theme type 1717:1720 arg1 strain 1722:1727 type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T) 1717:1765 type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T) 1717:1765 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 15 39 theme related 1346:1352 arg1 species 1384:1390 the second species 1373:1390 the second species of the genus Zymophilus 1373:1414 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 15 39 theme related 1346:1352 arg1 species 1354:1360 related species 1346:1360 related species 1346:1360 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 16 40 theme = 1643:1643 arg1 nov 1618:1620 nov 1618:1620 nov 1618:1620 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 16 40 theme = 1643:1643 arg1 strain 1629:1634 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 18 41 theme WK011 1907:1911 arg1 characteristics 1881:1895 the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics 1849:1895 the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species 1849:1952 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 15 42 theme strains 1335:1341 arg1 examination 1311:1321 phylogenetic and phenotypic examination 1283:1321 phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus 1283:1414 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 10 43 theme fermentation 819:830 arg1 acetate 787:793 acetate 787:793 acetate 787:793 The strain fermented carbohydrates and produced acetate and propionate as major fermentation products. 25061065 10 43 theme fermentation 819:830 arg1 products 832:839 major fermentation products 813:839 major fermentation products 813:839 The strain fermented carbohydrates and produced acetate and propionate as major fermentation products. 25061065 10 43 theme fermentation 819:830 arg1 propionate 799:808 propionate 799:808 propionate 799:808 The strain fermented carbohydrates and produced acetate and propionate as major fermentation products. 25061065 16 44 theme 49691 1650:1654 arg1 T 1671:1671 T 1671:1671 T 1671:1671 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 16 44 theme 49691 1650:1654 arg1 20765 1665:1669 ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765 1645:1669 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 16 45 theme T 1656:1656 arg1 T 1671:1671 T 1671:1671 T 1671:1671 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 16 45 theme T 1656:1656 arg1 20765 1665:1669 ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765 1645:1669 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 17 46 theme emended 1777:1783 arg1 description 1785:1795 an emended description 1774:1795 an emended description of the genus Propionispira 1774:1822 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 16 47 dep comb 1705:1708 arg1 nov 1618:1620 nov 1618:1620 nov 1618:1620 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 16 47 dep comb 1705:1708 arg1 strain 1629:1634 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 16 47 dep comb 1705:1708 arg1 paucivorans 1693:1703 paucivorans 1693:1703 paucivorans 1693:1703 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 12 48 dep C15:0 921:925 arg1 dimethylacetal 947:960 dimethylacetal 947:960 dimethylacetal 947:960 The major cellular fatty acids were C15:0, C16:1ω9c and C18:1 dimethylacetal. 25061065 16 49 theme  = DSM 1658:1663 arg1 T 1671:1671 T 1671:1671 T 1671:1671 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 16 49 theme  = DSM 1658:1663 arg1 20765 1665:1669 ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765 1645:1669 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 18 50 theme phylogenetic 1853:1864 arg1 characteristics 1881:1895 the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics 1849:1895 the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species 1849:1952 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 14 51 theme species 1257:1263 arg1 strains 1241:1247 the type strains 1232:1247 the type strains of both species 1232:1263 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 5 52 theme polar 496:500 arg1 flagellum 514:522 a polar or subpolar flagellum 494:522 a polar or subpolar flagellum 494:522 The cells stained Gram-negative and were curved rods with a polar or subpolar flagellum. 25061065 20 53 theme = 2088:2088 arg1 T 2100:2100 T 2100:2100 T 2100:2100 The type strain is WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)). 25061065 20 53 theme = 2088:2088 arg1 22929 2094:2098 = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929 2073:2098 = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T) 2073:2101 The type strain is WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)). 25061065 20 53 theme = 2088:2088 arg1 WK011 2062:2066 WK011 2062:2066 WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)) 2062:2102 The type strain is WK011(T) ( = JCM 16475(T) = DSM 22929(T)). 25061065 17 54 theme genus 1804:1808 arg1 Propionispira 1810:1822 the genus Propionispira 1800:1822 the genus Propionispira 1800:1822 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 15 55 theme genus 1512:1516 arg1 Zymophilus 1518:1527 the genus Zymophilus 1508:1527 the genus Zymophilus 1508:1527 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 5 56 theme subpolar 505:512 arg1 flagellum 514:522 a polar or subpolar flagellum 494:522 a polar or subpolar flagellum 494:522 The cells stained Gram-negative and were curved rods with a polar or subpolar flagellum. 25061065 10 57 theme major 813:817 arg1 acetate 787:793 acetate 787:793 acetate 787:793 The strain fermented carbohydrates and produced acetate and propionate as major fermentation products. 25061065 10 57 theme major 813:817 arg1 products 832:839 major fermentation products 813:839 major fermentation products 813:839 The strain fermented carbohydrates and produced acetate and propionate as major fermentation products. 25061065 10 57 theme major 813:817 arg1 propionate 799:808 propionate 799:808 propionate 799:808 The strain fermented carbohydrates and produced acetate and propionate as major fermentation products. 25061065 17 58 theme = 1752:1752 arg1 T 1764:1764 T 1764:1764 T 1764:1764 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 17 58 theme = 1752:1752 arg1 20756 1758:1762 ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756 1738:1762 type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T) 1717:1765 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 18 59 theme Propionispira 1973:1985 arg1 sp 1995:1996 Propionispira arcuata sp 1973:1996 Propionispira arcuata sp 1973:1996 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 14 60 theme type 1236:1239 arg1 strains 1241:1247 the type strains 1232:1247 the type strains of both species 1232:1263 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 4 61 theme methanogenic 381:392 arg1 reactor 394:400 a methanogenic reactor 379:400 a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms 379:433 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011(T), was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 25061065 3 62 theme emended 264:270 arg1 description 272:282 emended description 264:282 emended description 264:282 nov. and emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 14 63 theme gene 1129:1132 arg1 sequences 1134:1142 16S rRNA gene sequences 1120:1142 16S rRNA gene sequences 1120:1142 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 5 64 theme curved 477:482 arg1 rods 484:487 curved rods 477:487 curved rods with a polar or subpolar flagellum 477:522 The cells stained Gram-negative and were curved rods with a polar or subpolar flagellum. 25061065 1 65 theme raffinosivorans 192:206 arg1 comb 208:211 Propionispira raffinosivorans comb 178:211 Propionispira raffinosivorans comb 178:211 nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 18 66 theme novel 1959:1963 arg1 species 1965:1971 the novel species 1955:1971 the novel species 1955:1971 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 13 67 theme cell-wall 998:1006 arg1 peptidoglycan 1008:1020 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 994:1020 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 994:1020 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25061065 15 68 theme genus 1399:1403 arg1 Zymophilus 1405:1414 the genus Zymophilus 1395:1414 the genus Zymophilus 1395:1414 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 14 69 theme 16S 1120:1122 arg1 sequences 1134:1142 16S rRNA gene sequences 1120:1142 16S rRNA gene sequences 1120:1142 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 3 70 theme genus 291:295 arg1 Propionispira 297:309 the genus Propionispira 287:309 the genus Propionispira 287:309 nov. and emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 1 71 attach isolated 47:54 arg2 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 1 71 attach isolated 47:54 arg1 reactor 76:82 a methanogenic reactor 61:82 a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste 61:98 nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 14 72 theme 95.6 1203:1206 arg1 % 1207:1207 % 1207:1207 % 1207:1207 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 15 73 theme second 1377:1382 arg1 species 1384:1390 the second species 1373:1390 the second species of the genus Zymophilus 1373:1414 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 1 74 theme raffinosivorans 132:146 arg1 reclassification 101:116 reclassification 101:116 reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb 101:211 nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 13 75 theme diagnostic 967:976 arg1 acid 1046:1049 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1026:1049 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1026:1049 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25061065 13 75 theme diagnostic 967:976 arg1 acid 986:989 The diagnostic diamino acid 963:989 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 963:1020 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25061065 7 76 theme optimum 612:618 arg1 6.7 627:629 6.7 627:629 6.7 627:629 The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C and the optimum pH was 6.7. 25061065 7 76 theme optimum 612:618 arg1 pH 620:621 the optimum pH 608:621 the optimum pH 608:621 The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C and the optimum pH was 6.7. 25061065 17 77 dep strain 1722:1727 arg1 T 1764:1764 T 1764:1764 T 1764:1764 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 17 77 dep strain 1722:1727 arg1 20756 1758:1762 ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756 1738:1762 type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T) 1717:1765 nov. (type strain AA1(T) = ATCC 49689(T) = DSM 20756(T)), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira. 25061065 8 78 dep oxidase 642:648 arg1 activities 682:691 activities 682:691 activities 682:691 Tests for oxidase, catalase and nitrate-reduction activities were negative. 25061065 11 79 theme DNA 854:856 arg1 % 882:882 41.7 mol% 874:882 41.7 mol% 874:882 The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol%. 25061065 11 79 theme DNA 854:856 arg1 content 862:868 The genomic DNA G+C content 842:868 The genomic DNA G+C content 842:868 The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol%. 25061065 1 80 dep reclassification 101:116 arg1 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 14 81 theme strain 1088:1093 arg1 T 1101:1101 T 1101:1101 T 1101:1101 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 14 81 theme strain 1088:1093 arg1 WK011 1095:1099 strain WK011 1088:1099 strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 1088:1142 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 12 82 theme major 889:893 arg1 C15:0 921:925 C15:0 921:925 C15:0 921:925 The major cellular fatty acids were C15:0, C16:1ω9c and C18:1 dimethylacetal. 25061065 12 82 theme major 889:893 arg1 acids 910:914 The major cellular fatty acids 885:914 The major cellular fatty acids 885:914 The major cellular fatty acids were C15:0, C16:1ω9c and C18:1 dimethylacetal. 25061065 4 83 theme anaerobic 323:331 arg1 WK011 351:355 WK011 351:355 WK011(T) 351:358 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011(T), was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 25061065 4 83 theme anaerobic 323:331 arg1 strain 343:348 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 312:348 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain 312:348 A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011(T), was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. 25061065 15 84 theme phenotypic 1300:1309 arg1 examination 1311:1321 phylogenetic and phenotypic examination 1283:1321 phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus 1283:1414 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 0 85 theme arcuata 29:35 arg1 sp 37:38 Propionispira arcuata sp 15:38 Propionispira arcuata sp 15:38 Description of Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 12 86 theme fatty 904:908 arg1 C15:0 921:925 C15:0 921:925 C15:0 921:925 The major cellular fatty acids were C15:0, C16:1ω9c and C18:1 dimethylacetal. 25061065 12 86 theme fatty 904:908 arg1 acids 910:914 The major cellular fatty acids 885:914 The major cellular fatty acids 885:914 The major cellular fatty acids were C15:0, C16:1ω9c and C18:1 dimethylacetal. 25061065 1 87 theme cattle 87:92 arg1 waste 94:98 cattle waste 87:98 cattle waste 87:98 nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 14 88 dep raffinosivorans 1186:1200 arg1 similarity 1218:1227 95.6% sequence similarity 1203:1227 95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species 1203:1263 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 15 89 theme phylogenetic 1283:1294 arg1 examination 1311:1321 phylogenetic and phenotypic examination 1283:1321 phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus 1283:1414 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 16 90 dep strain 1629:1634 arg1 T 1671:1671 T 1671:1671 T 1671:1671 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 16 90 dep strain 1629:1634 arg1 20765 1665:1669 ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765 1645:1669 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 18 91 theme related 1938:1944 arg1 species 1946:1952 closely related species 1930:1952 closely related species 1930:1952 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 14 92 theme sequence 1209:1216 arg1 similarity 1218:1227 95.6% sequence similarity 1203:1227 95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species 1203:1263 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 16 93 theme type 1624:1627 arg1 nov 1618:1620 nov 1618:1620 nov 1618:1620 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 16 93 theme type 1624:1627 arg1 strain 1629:1634 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 15 94 theme species 1354:1360 arg1 strains 1335:1341 the type strains 1326:1341 the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus 1326:1414 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 14 95 from WK011 1095:1099 arg1 basis 1111:1115 the basis 1107:1115 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 1107:1142 The most closely related species to strain WK011(T) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6% sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). 25061065 18 96 theme strain 1900:1905 arg1 WK011 1907:1911 strain WK011 1900:1911 strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species 1900:1952 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 18 96 theme strain 1900:1905 arg1 T 1913:1913 T 1913:1913 T 1913:1913 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 18 97 dep sp 1995:1996 arg1 species 1965:1971 the novel species 1955:1971 the novel species 1955:1971 Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011(T) from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. 25061065 15 98 theme genus 1558:1562 arg1 Propionispira 1564:1576 the genus Propionispira 1554:1576 the genus Propionispira 1554:1576 It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. 25061065 16 99 theme ATCC 1645:1648 arg1 T 1671:1671 T 1671:1671 T 1671:1671 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25061065 16 99 theme ATCC 1645:1648 arg1 20765 1665:1669 ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765 1645:1669 type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T) 1624:1672 nov. (type strain SH2(T) = ATCC 49691(T) = DSM 20765(T)) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. 25064648 14 0 from diet 2605:2608 arg1 inclusion 2582:2590 the inclusion 2578:2590 the inclusion of AS in the diet 2578:2608 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 8 1 from inclusion 1591:1599 arg1 diet 1614:1617 the diet 1610:1617 the diet 1610:1617 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy remained unaffected, whereas CP digestibility increased linearly and that of fiber decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 13 2 theme nitrous 2442:2448 arg1 N₂O 2457:2459 N₂O 2457:2459 N₂O 2457:2459 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 13 2 theme nitrous 2442:2448 arg1 oxide 2450:2454 higher nitrous oxide 2435:2454 higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) 2435:2460 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 8 3 theme total-tract 1424:1434 arg1 digestibility 1436:1448 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1415:1448 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy 1415:1471 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy remained unaffected, whereas CP digestibility increased linearly and that of fiber decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 13 4 from diet 2402:2405 arg1 AS 2392:2393 AS 2392:2393 AS 2392:2393 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 13 4 from diet 2402:2405 arg1 amounts 2381:2387 increasing amounts 2370:2387 increasing amounts of AS in the diet 2370:2405 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 2 5 dep % 794:794 arg1 % 814:814 0% 813:814 0% 813:814 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 5 dep % 794:794 arg1 % 804:804 54.4% 800:804 54.4% AS 800:807 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 6 6 dep declined 1313:1320 arg1 whereas 1291:1297 whereas 1291:1297 whereas 1291:1297 As the dietary proportion of AS increased, CP and starch concentrations increased, whereas fiber content declined in the TMR. 25064648 2 7 from % 804:804 arg1 TMR 826:828 the TMR 822:828 the TMR 822:828 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 9 8 theme acetate-to-propionate 1624:1644 arg1 ratio 1646:1650 The acetate-to-propionate ratio 1620:1650 The acetate-to-propionate ratio 1620:1650 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 1 9 theme milk 379:382 arg1 production 384:393 milk production 379:393 milk production 379:393 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 2 10 theme matter 605:610 arg1 TMR 561:563 TMR 561:563 TMR 561:563 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 10 theme matter 605:610 arg1 basis 612:616 dry matter basis 601:616 dry matter basis 601:616 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 8 11 theme CP 1502:1503 arg1 digestibility 1505:1517 CP digestibility 1502:1517 CP digestibility 1502:1517 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy remained unaffected, whereas CP digestibility increased linearly and that of fiber decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 15 12 theme chemical 2641:2648 arg1 composition 2650:2660 chemical composition 2641:2660 chemical composition 2641:2660 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 2 13 theme Latin 484:488 arg1 design 497:502 3 × 3 Latin square design 478:502 a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) 465:516 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 13 theme Latin 484:488 arg1 period 510:515 32-d period 505:515 32-d period 505:515 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 5 14 theme grain 1140:1144 arg1 proportions 1120:1130 increasing proportions 1109:1130 increasing proportions of corn grain 1109:1144 Replacement of TS with AS in the diet entailed increasing proportions of corn grain and bypass protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal. 25064648 1 15 theme N 400:400 arg1 balance 402:408 N balance 400:408 N balance 400:408 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 2 16 from % 690:690 arg1 TMR 702:704 the TMR 698:704 the TMR 698:704 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 14 17 theme milk 2513:2516 arg1 secretion 2526:2534 milk protein secretion 2513:2534 milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) 2513:2562 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 10 18 theme Daily 1817:1821 arg1 emissions 1827:1835 Daily CH₄ emissions 1817:1835 Daily CH₄ emissions 1817:1835 Daily CH₄ emissions tended to increase (476, 483, and 491 g/d for cows fed 0% AS, 50% AS, and 100% AS, respectively) linearly as cows were fed increasing proportions of AS. 25064648 2 19 dep % 743:743 arg1 % 753:753 27.2% 749:753 27.2% AS 749:756 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 19 dep % 743:743 arg1 % 766:766 27.2% 762:766 27.2% TS in the TMR 762:780 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 0 20 theme cows 96:99 arg1 balance 64:70 N balance 62:70 N balance 62:70 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 0 20 theme cows 96:99 arg1 production 82:91 milk production 77:91 milk production 77:91 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 0 20 theme cows 96:99 arg1 production 8:17 Methane production 0:17 Methane production 0:17 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 0 20 theme cows 96:99 arg1 digestion 29:37 nutrient digestion 20:37 nutrient digestion 20:37 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 0 20 theme cows 96:99 arg1 fermentation 48:59 ruminal fermentation 40:59 ruminal fermentation 40:59 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 1 21 theme enteric 307:313 arg1 emissions 319:327 enteric CH₄ emissions 307:327 enteric CH₄ emissions 307:327 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 1 22 theme study 174:178 arg1 objective 156:164 The objective 152:164 The objective of this study 152:178 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 15 23 with TS 2735:2736 arg1 AS 2743:2744 AS 2743:2744 AS 2743:2744 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 9 24 theme VFA 1756:1758 arg1 proportion 1727:1736 molar proportion 1721:1736 molar proportion of branched-chain VFA 1721:1758 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 9 24 theme VFA 1756:1758 arg1 concentration 1686:1698 ruminal concentration 1678:1698 ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) 1678:1715 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 5 25 theme increasing 1109:1118 arg1 proportions 1120:1130 increasing proportions 1109:1130 increasing proportions of corn grain 1109:1144 Replacement of TS with AS in the diet entailed increasing proportions of corn grain and bypass protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal. 25064648 13 26 from amounts 2381:2387 arg1 diet 2402:2405 the diet 2398:2405 the diet 2398:2405 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 2 27 theme square 490:495 arg1 design 497:502 3 × 3 Latin square design 478:502 a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) 465:516 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 27 theme square 490:495 arg1 period 510:515 32-d period 505:515 32-d period 505:515 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 11 28 theme energy 2069:2074 arg1 intake 2076:2081 gross energy intake 2063:2081 gross energy intake (average=5.83%) 2063:2097 Methane production adjusted for dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) or gross energy intake (average=5.83%) was not affected by increasing AS inclusion in the diet. 25064648 11 28 theme energy 2069:2074 arg1 % 2096:2096 average=5.83% 2084:2096 average=5.83% 2084:2096 Methane production adjusted for dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) or gross energy intake (average=5.83%) was not affected by increasing AS inclusion in the diet. 25064648 9 29 theme ammonia 1703:1709 arg1 proportion 1727:1736 molar proportion 1721:1736 molar proportion of branched-chain VFA 1721:1758 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 9 29 theme ammonia 1703:1709 arg1 concentration 1686:1698 ruminal concentration 1678:1698 ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) 1678:1715 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 8 30 theme Apparent 1415:1422 arg1 digestibility 1436:1448 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1415:1448 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy 1415:1471 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy remained unaffected, whereas CP digestibility increased linearly and that of fiber decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 1 31 theme ruminal 330:336 arg1 characteristics 351:365 ruminal fermentation characteristics 330:365 ruminal fermentation characteristics 330:365 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 15 32 theme study 2718:2722 arg1 conditions 2699:2708 the conditions 2695:2708 the conditions of this study 2695:2722 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 4 33 theme organic 994:1000 arg1 OM 1010:1011 OM 1010:1011 OM 1010:1011 In sacco 24-h ruminal degradability of organic matter (OM) was higher for AS than for TS (73.5 vs. 66.9%). 25064648 4 33 theme organic 994:1000 arg1 matter 1002:1007 organic matter 994:1007 organic matter (OM) 994:1012 In sacco 24-h ruminal degradability of organic matter (OM) was higher for AS than for TS (73.5 vs. 66.9%). 25064648 0 34 theme silage-based 132:143 arg1 diets 145:149 timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets 105:149 timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets 105:149 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 14 35 theme intake 2556:2561 arg1 N/g 2547:2549 milk N/g 2542:2549 milk N/g of N intake 2542:2561 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 13 36 theme increasing 2370:2379 arg1 AS 2392:2393 AS 2392:2393 AS 2392:2393 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 13 36 theme increasing 2370:2379 arg1 amounts 2381:2387 increasing amounts 2370:2387 increasing amounts of AS in the diet 2370:2405 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 2 37 theme cannulated 426:435 arg1 cows 447:450 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows 411:450 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows 411:450 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 3 38 dep neutral 885:891 arg1 protein 941:947 crude protein 935:947 crude protein (CP) 935:952 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 3 38 dep neutral 885:891 arg1 fiber 903:907 detergent fiber 893:907 detergent fiber 893:907 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 3 38 dep neutral 885:891 arg1 CP 950:951 CP 950:951 CP 950:951 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 3 38 dep neutral 885:891 arg1 % 882:882 36.9 vs. 52.1% 869:882 36.9 vs. 52.1% 869:882 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 13 39 theme NH₃ 2466:2468 arg1 emissions 2470:2478 NH₃ emissions 2466:2478 NH₃ emissions 2466:2478 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 3 40 theme 13.6 928:931 arg1 more 913:916 more 913:916 more 913:916 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 3 40 theme 13.6 928:931 arg1 % 932:932 20.5 vs. 13.6% 919:932 % 932:932 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 2 41 dep % 766:766 arg1 TS 768:769 TS 768:769 27.2% TS in the TMR 762:780 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 8 42 theme OM 1453:1454 arg1 digestibility 1436:1448 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1415:1448 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy 1415:1471 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy remained unaffected, whereas CP digestibility increased linearly and that of fiber decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 2 43 from % 753:753 arg1 TMR 778:780 the TMR 774:780 the TMR 774:780 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 44 theme concentrate 573:583 arg1 ratio 585:589 concentrate ratio 573:589 concentrate ratio of 60:40 573:598 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 3 45 theme 20.5 919:922 arg1 more 913:916 more 913:916 more 913:916 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 3 45 theme 20.5 919:922 arg1 % 932:932 20.5 vs. 13.6% 919:932 % 932:932 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 4 46 theme 24-h 964:967 arg1 degradability 977:989 24-h ruminal degradability 964:989 24-h ruminal degradability of organic matter (OM) 964:1012 In sacco 24-h ruminal degradability of organic matter (OM) was higher for AS than for TS (73.5 vs. 66.9%). 25064648 8 47 theme gross 1460:1464 arg1 energy 1466:1471 gross energy 1460:1471 gross energy 1460:1471 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy remained unaffected, whereas CP digestibility increased linearly and that of fiber decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 1 48 theme alfalfa 284:290 arg1 silage 292:297 alfalfa silage 284:297 alfalfa silage (AS) 284:302 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 14 49 theme milk 2542:2545 arg1 N/g 2547:2549 milk N/g 2542:2549 milk N/g of N intake 2542:2561 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 2 50 theme 50:50 710:714 arg1 mixture 716:722 a 50:50 mixture 708:722 a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR) 708:781 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 10 51 theme AS 1986:1987 arg1 proportions 1971:1981 increasing proportions 1960:1981 increasing proportions of AS 1960:1987 Daily CH₄ emissions tended to increase (476, 483, and 491 g/d for cows fed 0% AS, 50% AS, and 100% AS, respectively) linearly as cows were fed increasing proportions of AS. 25064648 9 52 theme branched-chain 1741:1754 arg1 VFA 1756:1758 branched-chain VFA 1741:1758 branched-chain VFA 1741:1758 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 15 53 theme cow 2755:2757 arg1 diets 2759:2763 dairy cow diets 2749:2763 dairy cow diets 2749:2763 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 2 54 from % 766:766 arg1 TMR 778:780 the TMR 774:780 the TMR 774:780 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 14 55 theme AS 2595:2596 arg1 inclusion 2582:2590 the inclusion 2578:2590 the inclusion of AS in the diet 2578:2608 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 2 56 theme ad 527:528 arg1 ration 553:558 a total mixed ration 539:558 a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis) 539:617 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 56 theme ad 527:528 arg1 libitum 530:536 ad libitum 527:536 ad libitum 527:536 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 57 with ration 553:558 arg1 portion 636:642 the forage portion 625:642 the forage portion consisting of either TS 625:666 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 58 theme silages 732:738 arg1 ration 553:558 a total mixed ration 539:558 a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis) 539:617 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 58 theme silages 732:738 arg1 mixture 716:722 a 50:50 mixture 708:722 a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR) 708:781 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 58 theme silages 732:738 arg1 libitum 530:536 ad libitum 527:536 ad libitum 527:536 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 59 dep AS 787:788 arg1 % 794:794 100% AS 791:797 100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR 791:828 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 0 60 theme Methane 0:6 arg1 production 8:17 Methane production 0:17 Methane production 0:17 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 1 61 theme dairy 240:244 arg1 diets 250:254 dairy cow diets 240:254 dairy cow diets 240:254 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 9 62 from diet 1801:1804 arg1 proportion 1777:1786 the proportion 1773:1786 the proportion of AS in the diet 1773:1804 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 12 63 theme fat-corrected 2176:2188 arg1 milk 2190:2193 a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield 2174:2224 milk 2190:2193 When expressed on a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis, CH₄ production increased linearly with increasing AS dietary proportion. 25064648 1 64 dep silage 292:297 arg1 AS 300:301 AS 300:301 AS 300:301 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 2 65 theme total 541:545 arg1 ration 553:558 a total mixed ration 539:558 a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis) 539:617 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 65 theme total 541:545 arg1 libitum 530:536 ad libitum 527:536 ad libitum 527:536 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 5 66 theme protein 1157:1163 arg1 supplement 1165:1174 protein supplement 1157:1174 protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal 1157:1205 Replacement of TS with AS in the diet entailed increasing proportions of corn grain and bypass protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal. 25064648 14 67 theme N 2554:2554 arg1 intake 2556:2561 N intake 2554:2561 N intake 2554:2561 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 15 68 theme replacing 2725:2733 arg1 TS 2735:2736 replacing TS 2725:2736 replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets 2725:2763 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 6 69 theme concentrations 1265:1278 arg1 proportion 1223:1232 the dietary proportion 1211:1232 the dietary proportion of AS increased, CP and starch concentrations 1211:1278 As the dietary proportion of AS increased, CP and starch concentrations increased, whereas fiber content declined in the TMR. 25064648 1 70 theme timothy 261:267 arg1 silage 269:274 timothy silage 261:274 timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) 261:302 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 1 70 theme timothy 261:267 arg1 TS 277:278 TS 277:278 TS 277:278 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 8 71 theme AS 1604:1605 arg1 inclusion 1591:1599 inclusion 1591:1599 inclusion of AS in the diet 1591:1617 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy remained unaffected, whereas CP digestibility increased linearly and that of fiber decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 2 72 used used 457:460 arg2 cows 447:450 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows 411:450 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows 411:450 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 0 73 theme ruminal 40:46 arg1 fermentation 48:59 ruminal fermentation 40:59 ruminal fermentation 40:59 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 12 74 theme dietary 2286:2292 arg1 proportion 2294:2303 dietary proportion 2286:2303 dietary proportion 2286:2303 When expressed on a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis, CH₄ production increased linearly with increasing AS dietary proportion. 25064648 15 75 from differences 2626:2636 arg1 composition 2650:2660 chemical composition 2641:2660 chemical composition 2641:2660 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 15 75 from differences 2626:2636 arg1 degradability 2674:2686 ruminal degradability 2666:2686 ruminal degradability 2666:2686 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 2 76 dep % 670:670 arg1 % 690:690 54.4% 686:690 54.4% TS in the TMR 686:704 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 76 dep % 670:670 arg1 % 677:677 0% 676:677 0% AS 676:680 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 14 77 theme N 2503:2503 arg1 use 2505:2507 dietary N use 2495:2507 dietary N use 2495:2507 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 13 78 theme N 2314:2314 arg1 g/d 2327:2329 g/d 2327:2329 g/d 2327:2329 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 13 78 theme N 2314:2314 arg1 excretion 2316:2324 Urinary N excretion 2306:2324 Urinary N excretion (g/d) 2306:2330 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 11 79 theme Methane 1990:1996 arg1 production 1998:2007 Methane production 1990:2007 Methane production adjusted for dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) or gross energy intake (average=5.83%) 1990:2097 Methane production adjusted for dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) or gross energy intake (average=5.83%) was not affected by increasing AS inclusion in the diet. 25064648 10 80 theme CH₄ 1823:1825 arg1 emissions 1827:1835 Daily CH₄ emissions 1817:1835 Daily CH₄ emissions 1817:1835 Daily CH₄ emissions tended to increase (476, 483, and 491 g/d for cows fed 0% AS, 50% AS, and 100% AS, respectively) linearly as cows were fed increasing proportions of AS. 25064648 9 81 theme molar 1721:1725 arg1 proportion 1727:1736 molar proportion 1721:1736 molar proportion of branched-chain VFA 1721:1758 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 5 82 from expense 1183:1189 arg1 supplement 1165:1174 protein supplement 1157:1174 protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal 1157:1205 Replacement of TS with AS in the diet entailed increasing proportions of corn grain and bypass protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal. 25064648 13 83 theme higher 2435:2440 arg1 N₂O 2457:2459 N₂O 2457:2459 N₂O 2457:2459 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 13 83 theme higher 2435:2440 arg1 oxide 2450:2454 higher nitrous oxide 2435:2454 higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) 2435:2460 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 12 84 theme CH₄ 2233:2235 arg1 production 2237:2246 CH₄ production 2233:2246 CH₄ production 2233:2246 When expressed on a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis, CH₄ production increased linearly with increasing AS dietary proportion. 25064648 15 85 theme CH₄ 2795:2797 arg1 losses 2806:2811 CH₄ energy losses 2795:2811 CH₄ energy losses 2795:2811 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 9 86 dep affected 1660:1667 arg1 whereas 1670:1676 whereas 1670:1676 whereas 1670:1676 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 2 87 theme 32-d 505:508 arg1 design 497:502 3 × 3 Latin square design 478:502 a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) 465:516 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 87 theme 32-d 505:508 arg1 period 510:515 32-d period 505:515 32-d period 505:515 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 15 88 theme ruminal 2666:2672 arg1 degradability 2674:2686 ruminal degradability 2666:2686 ruminal degradability 2666:2686 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 14 89 dep secretion 2526:2534 arg1 g 2537:2537 g 2537:2537 g of milk N/g of N intake 2537:2561 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 6 90 theme fiber 1299:1303 arg1 content 1305:1311 fiber content 1299:1311 fiber content 1299:1311 As the dietary proportion of AS increased, CP and starch concentrations increased, whereas fiber content declined in the TMR. 25064648 5 91 theme TS 1077:1078 arg1 Replacement 1062:1072 Replacement 1062:1072 Replacement of TS with AS in the diet 1062:1098 Replacement of TS with AS in the diet entailed increasing proportions of corn grain and bypass protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal. 25064648 2 92 dep % 690:690 arg1 TS 692:693 TS 692:693 54.4% TS in the TMR 686:704 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 93 with mixture 716:722 arg1 portion 636:642 the forage portion 625:642 the forage portion consisting of either TS 625:666 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 14 94 from inclusion 2582:2590 arg1 diet 2605:2608 the diet 2601:2608 the diet 2601:2608 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 2 95 theme dry 601:603 arg1 TMR 561:563 TMR 561:563 TMR 561:563 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 95 theme dry 601:603 arg1 basis 612:616 dry matter basis 601:616 dry matter basis 601:616 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 5 96 theme corn 1135:1138 arg1 grain 1140:1144 corn grain 1135:1144 corn grain 1135:1144 Replacement of TS with AS in the diet entailed increasing proportions of corn grain and bypass protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal. 25064648 15 97 theme marked 2619:2624 arg1 differences 2626:2636 marked differences 2619:2636 marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability 2619:2686 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 2 98 dep silages 732:738 arg1 % 743:743 50% AS 741:746 50% AS 741:746 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 1 99 from source 230:235 arg1 diets 250:254 dairy cow diets 240:254 dairy cow diets 240:254 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 2 100 theme replicated 467:476 arg1 design 497:502 3 × 3 Latin square design 478:502 a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) 465:516 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 100 theme replicated 467:476 arg1 period 510:515 32-d period 505:515 32-d period 505:515 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 3 101 theme detergent 893:901 arg1 fiber 903:907 detergent fiber 893:907 detergent fiber 893:907 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 9 102 theme ruminal 1678:1684 arg1 concentration 1686:1698 ruminal concentration 1678:1698 ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) 1678:1715 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 0 103 theme silage- 113:119 arg1 diets 145:149 timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets 105:149 timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets 105:149 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 1 104 theme CH₄ 315:317 arg1 emissions 319:327 enteric CH₄ emissions 307:327 enteric CH₄ emissions 307:327 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 13 105 theme AS 2392:2393 arg1 AS 2392:2393 AS 2392:2393 AS 2392:2393 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 13 105 theme AS 2392:2393 arg1 amounts 2381:2387 increasing amounts 2370:2387 increasing amounts of AS in the diet 2370:2405 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 1 106 from effects 203:209 arg1 emissions 319:327 enteric CH₄ emissions 307:327 enteric CH₄ emissions 307:327 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 1 106 from effects 203:209 arg1 digestion 368:376 digestion 368:376 digestion 368:376 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 1 106 from effects 203:209 arg1 production 384:393 milk production 379:393 milk production 379:393 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 1 106 from effects 203:209 arg1 characteristics 351:365 ruminal fermentation characteristics 330:365 ruminal fermentation characteristics 330:365 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 1 106 from effects 203:209 arg1 balance 402:408 N balance 400:408 N balance 400:408 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 2 107 from % 677:677 arg1 TMR 702:704 the TMR 698:704 the TMR 698:704 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 1 108 dep source 230:235 arg1 forage 223:228 forage 223:228 forage 223:228 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 1 109 theme fermentation 338:349 arg1 characteristics 351:365 ruminal fermentation characteristics 330:365 ruminal fermentation characteristics 330:365 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 2 110 theme × 480:480 arg1 design 497:502 3 × 3 Latin square design 478:502 a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) 465:516 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 110 theme × 480:480 arg1 period 510:515 32-d period 505:515 32-d period 505:515 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 111 theme 60:40 594:598 arg1 ratio 585:589 concentrate ratio 573:589 concentrate ratio of 60:40 573:598 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 11 112 theme gross 2063:2067 arg1 intake 2076:2081 gross energy intake 2063:2081 gross energy intake (average=5.83%) 2063:2097 Methane production adjusted for dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) or gross energy intake (average=5.83%) was not affected by increasing AS inclusion in the diet. 25064648 11 112 theme gross 2063:2067 arg1 % 2096:2096 average=5.83% 2084:2096 average=5.83% 2084:2096 Methane production adjusted for dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) or gross energy intake (average=5.83%) was not affected by increasing AS inclusion in the diet. 25064648 0 113 theme N 62:62 arg1 balance 64:70 N balance 62:70 N balance 62:70 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 9 114 from proportion 1777:1786 arg1 diet 1801:1804 the diet 1797:1804 the diet 1797:1804 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 2 115 dep ration 553:558 arg1 TMR 561:563 TMR 561:563 TMR 561:563 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 115 dep ration 553:558 arg1 basis 612:616 dry matter basis 601:616 dry matter basis 601:616 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 115 dep ration 553:558 arg1 % 670:670 0% AS 669:673 0% AS 669:673 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 12 116 theme yield 2220:2224 arg1 basis 2226:2230 a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis 2174:2230 a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis 2174:2230 When expressed on a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis, CH₄ production increased linearly with increasing AS dietary proportion. 25064648 6 117 theme increased 1240:1248 arg1 concentrations 1265:1278 AS increased, CP and starch concentrations 1237:1278 AS increased, CP and starch concentrations 1237:1278 As the dietary proportion of AS increased, CP and starch concentrations increased, whereas fiber content declined in the TMR. 25064648 5 118 theme soybean 1194:1200 arg1 meal 1202:1205 soybean meal 1194:1205 soybean meal 1194:1205 Replacement of TS with AS in the diet entailed increasing proportions of corn grain and bypass protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal. 25064648 4 119 theme matter 1002:1007 arg1 degradability 977:989 24-h ruminal degradability 964:989 24-h ruminal degradability of organic matter (OM) 964:1012 In sacco 24-h ruminal degradability of organic matter (OM) was higher for AS than for TS (73.5 vs. 66.9%). 25064648 8 120 theme energy 1466:1471 arg1 digestibility 1436:1448 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1415:1448 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy 1415:1471 Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM and gross energy remained unaffected, whereas CP digestibility increased linearly and that of fiber decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 14 121 theme N/g 2547:2549 arg1 g 2537:2537 g 2537:2537 g of milk N/g of N intake 2537:2561 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 0 122 theme milk 77:80 arg1 production 82:91 milk production 77:91 milk production 77:91 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 6 123 dep increased 1240:1248 arg1 starch 1258:1263 starch 1258:1263 starch 1258:1263 As the dietary proportion of AS increased, CP and starch concentrations increased, whereas fiber content declined in the TMR. 25064648 6 123 dep increased 1240:1248 arg1 CP 1251:1252 CP 1251:1252 CP 1251:1252 As the dietary proportion of AS increased, CP and starch concentrations increased, whereas fiber content declined in the TMR. 25064648 12 124 theme milk 2190:2193 arg1 basis 2226:2230 a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis 2174:2230 a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis 2174:2230 When expressed on a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis, CH₄ production increased linearly with increasing AS dietary proportion. 25064648 6 125 theme dietary 1215:1221 arg1 proportion 1223:1232 the dietary proportion 1211:1232 the dietary proportion of AS increased, CP and starch concentrations 1211:1278 As the dietary proportion of AS increased, CP and starch concentrations increased, whereas fiber content declined in the TMR. 25064648 4 126 theme ruminal 969:975 arg1 degradability 977:989 24-h ruminal degradability 964:989 24-h ruminal degradability of organic matter (OM) 964:1012 In sacco 24-h ruminal degradability of organic matter (OM) was higher for AS than for TS (73.5 vs. 66.9%). 25064648 2 127 theme lactating 437:445 arg1 cows 447:450 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows 411:450 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows 411:450 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 3 128 theme crude 935:939 arg1 protein 941:947 crude protein 935:947 crude protein (CP) 935:952 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 3 128 theme crude 935:939 arg1 CP 950:951 CP 950:951 CP 950:951 Compared with TS, AS contained less (36.9 vs. 52.1%) neutral detergent fiber but more (20.5 vs. 13.6%) crude protein (CP). 25064648 12 129 theme milk 2215:2218 arg1 yield 2220:2224 a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield 2174:2224 yield 2220:2224 When expressed on a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis, CH₄ production increased linearly with increasing AS dietary proportion. 25064648 14 130 theme protein 2518:2524 arg1 secretion 2526:2534 milk protein secretion 2513:2534 milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) 2513:2562 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 15 131 theme dairy 2749:2753 arg1 diets 2759:2763 dairy cow diets 2749:2763 dairy cow diets 2749:2763 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 11 132 theme matter 2026:2031 arg1 intake 2033:2038 dry matter intake 2022:2038 dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) 2022:2058 Methane production adjusted for dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) or gross energy intake (average=5.83%) was not affected by increasing AS inclusion in the diet. 25064648 11 132 theme matter 2026:2031 arg1 g/kg 2054:2057 average=19.8 g/kg 2041:2057 average=19.8 g/kg 2041:2057 Methane production adjusted for dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) or gross energy intake (average=5.83%) was not affected by increasing AS inclusion in the diet. 25064648 2 133 theme mixed 547:551 arg1 ration 553:558 a total mixed ration 539:558 a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis) 539:617 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 133 theme mixed 547:551 arg1 libitum 530:536 ad libitum 527:536 ad libitum 527:536 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 5 134 theme meal 1202:1205 arg1 expense 1183:1189 the expense 1179:1189 the expense of soybean meal 1179:1205 Replacement of TS with AS in the diet entailed increasing proportions of corn grain and bypass protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal. 25064648 0 135 theme nutrient 20:27 arg1 digestion 29:37 nutrient digestion 20:37 nutrient digestion 20:37 Methane production, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, N balance, and milk production of cows fed timothy silage- or alfalfa silage-based diets. 25064648 1 136 theme cow 246:248 arg1 diets 250:254 dairy cow diets 240:254 dairy cow diets 240:254 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of changing forage source in dairy cow diets from timothy silage (TS) to alfalfa silage (AS) on enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. 25064648 7 137 theme AS 1387:1388 arg1 proportions 1390:1400 AS proportions 1387:1400 AS proportions 1387:1400 Dry matter intake increased linearly with increasing AS proportions in the diet. 25064648 2 138 from % 814:814 arg1 TMR 826:828 the TMR 822:828 the TMR 822:828 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 139 dep TMR 561:563 arg1 forage 566:571 forage 566:571 forage 566:571 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 2 139 dep TMR 561:563 arg1 ratio 585:589 concentrate ratio 573:589 concentrate ratio of 60:40 573:598 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 11 140 theme dry 2022:2024 arg1 intake 2033:2038 dry matter intake 2022:2038 dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) 2022:2058 Methane production adjusted for dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) or gross energy intake (average=5.83%) was not affected by increasing AS inclusion in the diet. 25064648 11 140 theme dry 2022:2024 arg1 g/kg 2054:2057 average=19.8 g/kg 2041:2057 average=19.8 g/kg 2041:2057 Methane production adjusted for dry matter intake (average=19.8 g/kg) or gross energy intake (average=5.83%) was not affected by increasing AS inclusion in the diet. 25064648 9 141 theme AS 1791:1792 arg1 proportion 1777:1786 the proportion 1773:1786 the proportion of AS in the diet 1773:1804 The acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected, whereas ruminal concentration of ammonia (NH₃) and molar proportion of branched-chain VFA increased as the proportion of AS in the diet increased. 25064648 12 142 theme energy-corrected 2198:2213 arg1 yield 2220:2224 a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield 2174:2224 yield 2220:2224 When expressed on a fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected milk yield basis, CH₄ production increased linearly with increasing AS dietary proportion. 25064648 5 143 with Replacement 1062:1072 arg1 AS 1085:1086 AS 1085:1086 AS 1085:1086 Replacement of TS with AS in the diet entailed increasing proportions of corn grain and bypass protein supplement at the expense of soybean meal. 25064648 7 144 theme Dry 1334:1336 arg1 intake 1345:1350 Dry matter intake 1334:1350 Dry matter intake 1334:1350 Dry matter intake increased linearly with increasing AS proportions in the diet. 25064648 14 145 theme use 2505:2507 arg1 Efficiency 2481:2490 Efficiency 2481:2490 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) 2481:2562 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 7 146 theme matter 1338:1343 arg1 intake 1345:1350 Dry matter intake 1334:1350 Dry matter intake 1334:1350 Dry matter intake increased linearly with increasing AS proportions in the diet. 25064648 13 147 theme Urinary 2306:2312 arg1 g/d 2327:2329 g/d 2327:2329 g/d 2327:2329 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 13 147 theme Urinary 2306:2312 arg1 excretion 2316:2324 Urinary N excretion 2306:2324 Urinary N excretion (g/d) 2306:2330 Urinary N excretion (g/d) increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of AS in the diet, suggesting a potential for higher nitrous oxide (N₂O) and NH₃ emissions. 25064648 10 148 theme increasing 1960:1969 arg1 proportions 1971:1981 increasing proportions 1960:1981 increasing proportions of AS 1960:1987 Daily CH₄ emissions tended to increase (476, 483, and 491 g/d for cows fed 0% AS, 50% AS, and 100% AS, respectively) linearly as cows were fed increasing proportions of AS. 25064648 2 149 dep % 804:804 arg1 TS 816:817 TS 816:817 TS 816:817 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 25064648 14 150 theme dietary 2495:2501 arg1 use 2505:2507 dietary N use 2495:2507 dietary N use 2495:2507 Efficiency of dietary N use for milk protein secretion (g of milk N/g of N intake) declined with the inclusion of AS in the diet. 25064648 15 151 theme energy 2799:2804 arg1 losses 2806:2811 CH₄ energy losses 2795:2811 CH₄ energy losses 2795:2811 Despite marked differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability, under the conditions of this study, replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets was not effective in reducing CH₄ energy losses. 25064648 2 152 theme forage 629:634 arg1 portion 636:642 the forage portion 625:642 the forage portion consisting of either TS 625:666 Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, dry matter basis), with the forage portion consisting of either TS (0% AS; 0% AS and 54.4% TS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% AS; 27.2% AS and 27.2% TS in the TMR), or AS (100% AS; 54.4% AS and 0% TS in the TMR). 24469815 4 0 theme sequence 912:919 arg1 analysis 921:928 sequence analysis 912:928 sequence analysis 912:928 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis revealed that the HAmg vaccine activated more diverse B-cell repertoires than the HAfg vaccine and produced antibodies with cross-strain binding ability. 24469815 5 1 theme cross-strain 1121:1132 arg1 responses 1141:1149 cross-strain immune responses 1121:1149 cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines 1121:1249 In summary, the HAmg vaccine elicits cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines. 24469815 4 2 theme diverse 976:982 arg1 repertoires 991:1001 more diverse B-cell repertoires 971:1001 more diverse B-cell repertoires 971:1001 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis revealed that the HAmg vaccine activated more diverse B-cell repertoires than the HAfg vaccine and produced antibodies with cross-strain binding ability. 24469815 2 3 used used 456:459 arg2 HAmg 372:375 HAmg 372:375 HAmg 372:375 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 3 used used 456:459 arg2 hemagglutinin 357:369 recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin 328:369 recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 328:447 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 3 used used 456:459 arg2 vaccine 466:472 a vaccine 464:472 a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets 464:582 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 1 4 theme H7N9 169:172 arg1 cases 154:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases 114:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia 114:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 2 5 from 1933 551:554 arg1 protection 491:500 cross-strain protection 478:500 cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets 478:582 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 6 theme H1N1 518:521 arg1 viruses 523:529 various H1N1 viruses 510:529 various H1N1 viruses 510:529 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 7 theme monoglycosylated 340:355 arg1 hemagglutinin 357:369 recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin 328:369 recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 328:447 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 7 theme monoglycosylated 340:355 arg1 vaccine 466:472 a vaccine 464:472 a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets 464:582 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 7 theme monoglycosylated 340:355 arg1 HAmg 372:375 HAmg 372:375 HAmg 372:375 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 1 8 from H7N9 169:172 arg1 Asia 187:190 Asia 187:190 Asia 187:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 5 9 theme strain-specific 1214:1228 arg1 vaccines 1242:1249 strain-specific inactivated vaccines 1214:1249 strain-specific inactivated vaccines 1214:1249 In summary, the HAmg vaccine elicits cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines. 24469815 2 10 theme various 510:516 arg1 viruses 523:529 various H1N1 viruses 510:529 various H1N1 viruses 510:529 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 3 11 theme memory 832:837 arg1 cells 841:845 more CD8+ memory T cells 822:845 more CD8+ memory T cells 822:845 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 2 12 from 2009 559:562 arg1 ferrets 576:582 ferrets 576:582 ferrets 576:582 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 12 from 2009 559:562 arg1 mice 567:570 mice 567:570 mice 567:570 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 4 13 theme B-cell 886:891 arg1 RT-PCR 893:898 Single B-cell RT-PCR 879:898 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis 879:928 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis revealed that the HAmg vaccine activated more diverse B-cell repertoires than the HAfg vaccine and produced antibodies with cross-strain binding ability. 24469815 1 14 from H5N1 163:166 arg1 Asia 187:190 Asia 187:190 Asia 187:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 4 15 theme HAfg 1012:1015 arg1 vaccine 1017:1023 the HAfg vaccine 1008:1023 the HAfg vaccine 1008:1023 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis revealed that the HAmg vaccine activated more diverse B-cell repertoires than the HAfg vaccine and produced antibodies with cross-strain binding ability. 24469815 3 16 theme T 839:839 arg1 cells 841:845 more CD8+ memory T cells 822:845 more CD8+ memory T cells 822:845 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 2 17 theme intact 386:391 arg1 structure 401:409 an intact protein structure 383:409 an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 383:447 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 4 18 theme Single 879:884 arg1 RT-PCR 893:898 Single B-cell RT-PCR 879:898 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis 879:928 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis revealed that the HAmg vaccine activated more diverse B-cell repertoires than the HAfg vaccine and produced antibodies with cross-strain binding ability. 24469815 5 19 theme current 1173:1179 arg1 need 1181:1184 the current need 1169:1184 the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines 1169:1249 In summary, the HAmg vaccine elicits cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines. 24469815 4 20 theme HAmg 948:951 arg1 vaccine 953:959 the HAmg vaccine 944:959 the HAmg vaccine 944:959 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis revealed that the HAmg vaccine activated more diverse B-cell repertoires than the HAfg vaccine and produced antibodies with cross-strain binding ability. 24469815 3 21 theme more 822:825 arg1 cells 841:845 more CD8+ memory T cells 822:845 more CD8+ memory T cells 822:845 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 6 22 theme vaccine 1309:1315 arg1 design 1317:1322 universal vaccine design 1299:1322 universal vaccine design 1299:1322 This strategy may also map a new direction for universal vaccine design. 24469815 5 23 theme inactivated 1230:1240 arg1 vaccines 1242:1249 strain-specific inactivated vaccines 1214:1249 strain-specific inactivated vaccines 1214:1249 In summary, the HAmg vaccine elicits cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines. 24469815 3 24 theme glycosylated 686:697 arg1 HAfg 703:706 HAfg 703:706 HAfg 703:706 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 3 24 theme glycosylated 686:697 arg1 HA 699:700 the fully glycosylated HA 676:700 the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) 676:707 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 1 25 from cases 154:158 arg1 Asia 187:190 Asia 187:190 Asia 187:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 3 26 theme CD8+ 827:830 arg1 cells 841:845 more CD8+ memory T cells 822:845 more CD8+ memory T cells 822:845 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 1 27 theme H6N1 179:182 arg1 cases 154:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases 114:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia 114:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 2 28 theme pandemic 435:442 arg1 H1N1 444:447 either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 416:447 either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 416:447 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 1 29 theme cross-strain 262:273 arg1 protection 297:306 cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection 262:306 cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection 262:306 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 3 30 theme IgG-secreting 851:863 arg1 cells 872:876 IgG-secreting plasma cells 851:876 IgG-secreting plasma cells 851:876 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 0 31 theme hemagglutinin 32:44 arg1 Vaccination 0:10 Vaccination 0:10 Vaccination of monoglycosylated hemagglutinin 0:44 Vaccination of monoglycosylated hemagglutinin induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections. 24469815 6 32 theme universal 1299:1307 arg1 design 1317:1322 universal vaccine design 1299:1322 universal vaccine design 1299:1322 This strategy may also map a new direction for universal vaccine design. 24469815 3 33 theme plasma 865:870 arg1 cells 872:876 IgG-secreting plasma cells 851:876 IgG-secreting plasma cells 851:876 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 0 34 theme monoglycosylated 15:30 arg1 hemagglutinin 32:44 monoglycosylated hemagglutinin 15:44 monoglycosylated hemagglutinin 15:44 Vaccination of monoglycosylated hemagglutinin induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections. 24469815 3 35 gly glycosylated 686:697 arg1 HAfg 703:706 HAfg 703:706 HAfg 703:706 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 3 35 gly glycosylated 686:697 arg1 HA 699:700 the fully glycosylated HA 676:700 the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) 676:707 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 3 36 theme conserved 613:621 arg1 sequences 623:631 highly conserved sequences 606:631 highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) 606:707 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 1 37 theme pandemic 128:135 arg1 cases 154:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases 114:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia 114:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 4 38 theme cross-strain 1054:1065 arg1 ability 1075:1081 cross-strain binding ability 1054:1081 cross-strain binding ability 1054:1081 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis revealed that the HAmg vaccine activated more diverse B-cell repertoires than the HAfg vaccine and produced antibodies with cross-strain binding ability. 24469815 0 39 theme cross-strain 54:65 arg1 protection 67:76 cross-strain protection 54:76 cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections 54:111 Vaccination of monoglycosylated hemagglutinin induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections. 24469815 1 40 theme cross-subtype 283:295 arg1 protection 297:306 cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection 262:306 cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection 262:306 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 2 41 gly monoglycosylated 340:355 arg1 hemagglutinin 357:369 recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin 328:369 recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 328:447 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 41 gly monoglycosylated 340:355 arg1 vaccine 466:472 a vaccine 464:472 a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets 464:582 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 41 gly monoglycosylated 340:355 arg1 HAmg 372:375 HAmg 372:375 HAmg 372:375 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 4 42 theme binding 1067:1073 arg1 ability 1075:1081 cross-strain binding ability 1054:1081 cross-strain binding ability 1054:1081 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis revealed that the HAmg vaccine activated more diverse B-cell repertoires than the HAfg vaccine and produced antibodies with cross-strain binding ability. 24469815 3 43 theme better 788:793 arg1 maturation 798:807 better DC maturation 788:807 better DC maturation 788:807 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 3 44 from glycans 665:671 arg1 HAfg 703:706 HAfg 703:706 HAfg 703:706 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 3 44 from glycans 665:671 arg1 HA 699:700 the fully glycosylated HA 676:700 the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) 676:707 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 6 45 theme new 1281:1283 arg1 direction 1285:1293 a new direction 1279:1293 a new direction for universal vaccine design 1279:1322 This strategy may also map a new direction for universal vaccine design. 24469815 5 46 theme immune 1134:1139 arg1 responses 1141:1149 cross-strain immune responses 1121:1149 cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines 1121:1249 In summary, the HAmg vaccine elicits cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines. 24469815 2 47 theme protein 393:399 arg1 structure 401:409 an intact protein structure 383:409 an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 383:447 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 48 theme cross-strain 478:489 arg1 protection 491:500 cross-strain protection 478:500 cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets 478:582 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 49 dep 1933 551:554 arg1 to 556:557 to 556:557 to 556:557 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 49 dep 1933 551:554 arg1 2009 559:562 2009 559:562 2009 559:562 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 0 50 gly monoglycosylated 15:30 arg1 hemagglutinin 32:44 monoglycosylated hemagglutinin 15:44 monoglycosylated hemagglutinin 15:44 Vaccination of monoglycosylated hemagglutinin induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections. 24469815 2 51 theme recombinant 328:338 arg1 hemagglutinin 357:369 recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin 328:369 recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 328:447 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 51 theme recombinant 328:338 arg1 vaccine 466:472 a vaccine 464:472 a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets 464:582 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 51 theme recombinant 328:338 arg1 HAmg 372:375 HAmg 372:375 HAmg 372:375 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 2 52 with hemagglutinin 357:369 arg1 structure 401:409 an intact protein structure 383:409 an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 383:447 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 1 53 from Asia 187:190 arg1 cases 154:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases 114:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia 114:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 1 54 theme recent 141:146 arg1 cases 154:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases 114:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia 114:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 2 55 from H1N1 444:447 arg1 structure 401:409 an intact protein structure 383:409 an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 383:447 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 5 56 theme HAmg 1100:1103 arg1 vaccine 1105:1111 the HAmg vaccine 1096:1111 the HAmg vaccine 1096:1111 In summary, the HAmg vaccine elicits cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines. 24469815 2 57 from protection 491:500 arg1 circulation 534:544 circulation 534:544 circulation 534:544 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 3 58 theme HAmg 592:595 arg1 vaccine 597:603 the HAmg vaccine 588:603 the HAmg vaccine 588:603 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 1 59 theme human 148:152 arg1 cases 154:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases 114:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia 114:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 3 60 theme DC 795:796 arg1 maturation 798:807 better DC maturation 788:807 better DC maturation 788:807 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 1 61 from H6N1 179:182 arg1 Asia 187:190 Asia 187:190 Asia 187:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 3 62 theme dendritic 754:762 arg1 DCs 771:773 DCs 771:773 DCs 771:773 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 3 62 theme dendritic 754:762 arg1 cells 764:768 dendritic cells 754:768 dendritic cells (DCs) 754:774 In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. 24469815 0 63 theme virus 96:100 arg1 infections 102:111 influenza virus infections 86:111 influenza virus infections 86:111 Vaccination of monoglycosylated hemagglutinin induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections. 24469815 5 64 theme yearly 1190:1195 arg1 reformulation 1197:1209 yearly reformulation 1190:1209 yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines 1190:1249 In summary, the HAmg vaccine elicits cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines. 24469815 5 65 theme vaccines 1242:1249 arg1 reformulation 1197:1209 yearly reformulation 1190:1209 yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines 1190:1249 In summary, the HAmg vaccine elicits cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines. 24469815 1 66 theme universal 217:225 arg1 vaccine 237:243 a universal influenza vaccine 215:243 a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection 215:306 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 0 67 theme influenza 86:94 arg1 infections 102:111 influenza virus infections 86:111 influenza virus infections 86:111 Vaccination of monoglycosylated hemagglutinin induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections. 24469815 2 68 theme seasonal 423:430 arg1 H1N1 444:447 either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 416:447 either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 416:447 Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. 24469815 1 69 theme H5N1 163:166 arg1 cases 154:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases 114:158 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia 114:190 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 24469815 4 70 theme B-cell 984:989 arg1 repertoires 991:1001 more diverse B-cell repertoires 971:1001 more diverse B-cell repertoires 971:1001 Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis revealed that the HAmg vaccine activated more diverse B-cell repertoires than the HAfg vaccine and produced antibodies with cross-strain binding ability. 24469815 1 71 theme influenza 227:235 arg1 vaccine 237:243 a universal influenza vaccine 215:243 a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection 215:306 The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. 25910759 12 0 theme ABCA1-dependent 2003:2017 arg1 regulator 2019:2027 an ABCA1-dependent regulator 2000:2027 an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response 2000:2081 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 12 0 theme ABCA1-dependent 2003:2017 arg1 SLP-2 1991:1995 SLP-2 1991:1995 SLP-2 1991:1995 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 3 1 theme ATP 687:689 arg1 transporter 729:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 12 2 theme rafts 1972:1976 arg1 rafts 1972:1976 rafts 1972:1976 rafts 1972:1976 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 12 2 theme rafts 1972:1976 arg1 repertoire 1958:1967 the protein repertoire 1946:1967 the protein repertoire of rafts 1946:1976 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 9 3 theme SLP-2 1473:1477 arg1 function 1479:1486 SLP-2 function 1473:1486 SLP-2 function 1473:1486 Pursuing SLP-2 function, we found that rafts of SLP-2-silenced macrophages had markedly abnormal composition. 25910759 3 4 theme A1 713:714 arg1 transporter 729:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 1 5 theme innate 274:279 arg1 system 288:293 the innate immune system 270:293 the innate immune system 270:293 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 3 6 theme ABC 709:711 arg1 transporter 729:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 1 7 theme prototypical 202:213 arg1 receptors 250:258 the Toll-like receptors 236:258 the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system 236:293 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 1 7 theme prototypical 202:213 arg1 receptors 215:223 many prototypical receptors 197:223 many prototypical receptors 197:223 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 12 8 theme response 2074:2081 arg1 regulator 2019:2027 an ABCA1-dependent regulator 2000:2027 an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response 2000:2081 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 12 8 theme response 2074:2081 arg1 SLP-2 1991:1995 SLP-2 1991:1995 SLP-2 1991:1995 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 3 9 theme efflux 722:727 arg1 transporter 729:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 0 10 theme Receptor 122:129 arg1 Signaling 131:139 Toll-Like Receptor Signaling 112:139 Toll-Like Receptor Signaling 112:139 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages Reveals a Role for Stomatin-Like Protein-2 in Raft Composition and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. 25910759 5 11 theme Abca1 1051:1055 arg1 macrophages 1077:1087 Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages 1051:1087 Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages 1051:1087 Here, using quantitative proteomic profiling, we identified 383 proteins in raft isolates from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages. 25910759 12 12 theme lipid 1912:1916 arg1 ABCA1 1930:1934 the lipid transporter ABCA1 1908:1934 the lipid transporter ABCA1 1908:1934 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 11 13 theme recruitment 1823:1833 arg1 levels 1745:1750 reduced raft levels 1732:1750 reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts 1732:1876 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 10 14 theme SLP-2 1574:1578 arg1 silencing 1580:1588 SLP-2 silencing 1574:1588 SLP-2 silencing 1574:1588 SLP-2 silencing did not compromise ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux but reduced macrophage responsiveness to multiple TLR ligands. 25910759 11 15 theme defective 1786:1794 arg1 recruitment 1823:1833 defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment 1786:1833 defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts 1786:1876 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 4 16 theme select 890:895 arg1 proteins 897:904 select proteins 890:904 select proteins 890:904 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 4 16 theme select 890:895 arg1 TLR4 917:920 TLR4 917:920 TLR4 917:920 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 12 17 theme innate 2060:2065 arg1 response 2074:2081 the innate immune response 2056:2081 the innate immune response 2056:2081 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 11 18 theme raft 1740:1743 arg1 levels 1745:1750 reduced raft levels 1732:1750 reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts 1732:1876 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 1 19 theme Lipid 142:146 arg1 microdomains 162:173 Lipid raft membrane microdomains 142:173 Lipid raft membrane microdomains 142:173 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 2 20 theme specific 494:501 arg1 tools 512:516 crude and poorly specific chemical tools 477:516 crude and poorly specific chemical tools 477:516 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 25910759 2 20 theme specific 494:501 arg1 β-cyclodextrins 527:541 β-cyclodextrins 527:541 β-cyclodextrins 527:541 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 25910759 8 21 theme Abca1 1446:1450 arg1 rafts 1457:1461 Abca1(-/-) rafts 1446:1461 Abca1(-/-) rafts 1446:1461 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. 25910759 1 22 theme membrane 153:160 arg1 microdomains 162:173 Lipid raft membrane microdomains 142:173 Lipid raft membrane microdomains 142:173 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 12 23 theme composition 2037:2047 arg1 regulator 2019:2027 an ABCA1-dependent regulator 2000:2027 an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response 2000:2081 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 12 23 theme composition 2037:2047 arg1 SLP-2 1991:1995 SLP-2 1991:1995 SLP-2 1991:1995 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 11 24 theme TLR 1759:1761 arg1 co-receptor 1763:1773 the TLR co-receptor 1755:1773 the TLR co-receptor 1755:1773 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 0 25 theme Raft 91:94 arg1 Composition 96:106 Raft Composition 91:106 Raft Composition 91:106 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages Reveals a Role for Stomatin-Like Protein-2 in Raft Composition and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. 25910759 0 26 theme Stomatin-Like 64:76 arg1 Protein-2 78:86 Stomatin-Like Protein-2 64:86 Stomatin-Like Protein-2 64:86 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages Reveals a Role for Stomatin-Like Protein-2 in Raft Composition and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. 25910759 10 27 theme ABCA1-dependent 1609:1623 arg1 efflux 1637:1642 ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux 1609:1642 ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux 1609:1642 SLP-2 silencing did not compromise ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux but reduced macrophage responsiveness to multiple TLR ligands. 25910759 0 28 theme Proteomic 0:8 arg1 Analysis 10:17 Proteomic Analysis 0:17 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages 0:43 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages Reveals a Role for Stomatin-Like Protein-2 in Raft Composition and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. 25910759 1 29 theme immune 281:286 arg1 system 288:293 the innate immune system 270:293 the innate immune system 270:293 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 9 30 theme SLP-2-silenced 1512:1525 arg1 macrophages 1527:1537 SLP-2-silenced macrophages 1512:1537 SLP-2-silenced macrophages 1512:1537 Pursuing SLP-2 function, we found that rafts of SLP-2-silenced macrophages had markedly abnormal composition. 25910759 2 31 theme studies 424:430 arg1 basis 415:419 the basis 411:419 the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins 411:541 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 25910759 7 32 theme lipopolysaccharide 1249:1266 arg1 exposure 1268:1275 lipopolysaccharide exposure 1249:1275 lipopolysaccharide exposure 1249:1275 Remarkably, many of these changes were similar to those seen in Abca1(+/+) macrophages after lipopolysaccharide exposure. 25910759 3 33 theme trafficking 662:672 arg1 transporter 729:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 3 33 theme trafficking 662:672 arg1 regulators 622:631 endogenous regulators 611:631 endogenous regulators 611:631 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 8 34 theme stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C 1325:1360 arg1 family 1362:1367 the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family 1321:1367 the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins 1321:1400 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. 25910759 0 35 theme Macrophages 33:43 arg1 Analysis 10:17 Proteomic Analysis 0:17 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages 0:43 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages Reveals a Role for Stomatin-Like Protein-2 in Raft Composition and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. 25910759 9 36 theme abnormal 1552:1559 arg1 composition 1561:1571 markedly abnormal composition 1543:1571 markedly abnormal composition 1543:1571 Pursuing SLP-2 function, we found that rafts of SLP-2-silenced macrophages had markedly abnormal composition. 25910759 2 37 theme cell 454:457 arg1 cholesterol 459:469 cell cholesterol 454:469 cell cholesterol 454:469 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 25910759 3 38 theme intracellular 636:648 arg1 trafficking 662:672 intracellular cholesterol trafficking 636:672 intracellular cholesterol trafficking 636:672 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 11 39 theme TLR 1849:1851 arg1 MyD88 1862:1866 MyD88 1862:1866 MyD88 1862:1866 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 11 39 theme TLR 1849:1851 arg1 adaptor 1853:1859 the common TLR adaptor 1838:1859 the common TLR adaptor 1838:1859 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 5 40 from macrophages 1077:1087 arg1 isolates 1037:1044 raft isolates 1032:1044 raft isolates from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages 1032:1087 Here, using quantitative proteomic profiling, we identified 383 proteins in raft isolates from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages. 25910759 8 41 theme scaffolding 1381:1391 arg1 proteins 1393:1400 membrane scaffolding proteins 1372:1400 membrane scaffolding proteins 1372:1400 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. 25910759 10 42 theme multiple 1685:1692 arg1 ligands 1698:1704 multiple TLR ligands 1685:1704 multiple TLR ligands 1685:1704 SLP-2 silencing did not compromise ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux but reduced macrophage responsiveness to multiple TLR ligands. 25910759 1 43 theme Toll-like 240:248 arg1 TLRs 261:264 TLRs 261:264 TLRs 261:264 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 1 43 theme Toll-like 240:248 arg1 receptors 250:258 the Toll-like receptors 236:258 the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system 236:293 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 5 44 theme proteomic 981:989 arg1 profiling 991:999 quantitative proteomic profiling 968:999 quantitative proteomic profiling 968:999 Here, using quantitative proteomic profiling, we identified 383 proteins in raft isolates from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages. 25910759 7 45 theme Abca1 1220:1224 arg1 macrophages 1231:1241 Abca1(+/+) macrophages 1220:1241 Abca1(+/+) macrophages 1220:1241 Remarkably, many of these changes were similar to those seen in Abca1(+/+) macrophages after lipopolysaccharide exposure. 25910759 2 46 theme raft 363:366 arg1 levels 380:385 raft cholesterol levels 363:385 raft cholesterol levels 363:385 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 25910759 9 47 contain had 1539:1541 arg1 rafts 1503:1507 rafts 1503:1507 rafts of SLP-2-silenced macrophages 1503:1537 Pursuing SLP-2 function, we found that rafts of SLP-2-silenced macrophages had markedly abnormal composition. 25910759 9 47 contain had 1539:1541 arg2 composition 1561:1571 markedly abnormal composition 1543:1571 markedly abnormal composition 1543:1571 Pursuing SLP-2 function, we found that rafts of SLP-2-silenced macrophages had markedly abnormal composition. 25910759 3 48 theme binding 691:697 arg1 transporter 729:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 6 49 theme raft 1141:1144 arg1 proteome 1146:1153 the raft proteome 1137:1153 the raft proteome 1137:1153 ABCA1 deletion induced wide-ranging changes to the raft proteome. 25910759 3 50 theme lipid 716:720 arg1 transporter 729:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 4 51 theme cholesterol-laden 811:827 arg1 rafts 829:833 cholesterol-laden rafts 811:833 cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor 811:953 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 1 52 theme many 197:200 arg1 receptors 250:258 the Toll-like receptors 236:258 the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system 236:293 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 1 52 theme many 197:200 arg1 receptors 215:223 many prototypical receptors 197:223 many prototypical receptors 197:223 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 6 53 theme wide-ranging 1113:1124 arg1 changes 1126:1132 wide-ranging changes 1113:1132 wide-ranging changes 1113:1132 ABCA1 deletion induced wide-ranging changes to the raft proteome. 25910759 2 54 theme proteins 317:324 arg1 Raft-localization 296:312 Raft-localization 296:312 Raft-localization of proteins 296:324 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 25910759 4 55 theme Abca1 783:787 arg1 macrophages 794:804 Abca1(-/-) macrophages 783:804 Abca1(-/-) macrophages 783:804 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 4 56 theme proteins 897:904 arg1 levels 880:885 increased levels 870:885 increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor 870:953 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 12 57 theme raft 2032:2035 arg1 composition 2037:2047 raft composition 2032:2047 raft composition 2032:2047 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 12 58 theme immune 2067:2072 arg1 response 2074:2081 the innate immune response 2056:2081 the innate immune response 2056:2081 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 11 59 theme CD14 1776:1779 arg1 levels 1745:1750 reduced raft levels 1732:1750 reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts 1732:1876 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 3 60 theme proteome-scale 571:584 arg1 investigation 586:598 no proteome-scale investigation 568:598 no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts 568:780 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 11 61 theme co-receptor 1763:1773 arg1 levels 1745:1750 reduced raft levels 1732:1750 reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts 1732:1876 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 12 62 theme transporter 1918:1928 arg1 ABCA1 1930:1934 the lipid transporter ABCA1 1908:1934 the lipid transporter ABCA1 1908:1934 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 4 63 theme increased 870:878 arg1 levels 880:885 increased levels 870:885 increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor 870:953 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 11 64 theme lipopolysaccharide-induced 1796:1821 arg1 recruitment 1823:1833 defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment 1786:1833 defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts 1786:1876 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 5 65 theme raft 1032:1035 arg1 isolates 1037:1044 raft isolates 1032:1044 raft isolates from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages 1032:1087 Here, using quantitative proteomic profiling, we identified 383 proteins in raft isolates from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages. 25910759 3 66 theme endogenous 611:620 arg1 transporter 729:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 3 66 theme endogenous 611:620 arg1 regulators 622:631 endogenous regulators 611:631 endogenous regulators 611:631 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 7 67 theme changes 1182:1188 arg1 many 1168:1171 many 1168:1171 many 1168:1171 Remarkably, many of these changes were similar to those seen in Abca1(+/+) macrophages after lipopolysaccharide exposure. 25910759 7 67 theme changes 1182:1188 arg1 changes 1182:1188 these changes 1176:1188 these changes 1176:1188 Remarkably, many of these changes were similar to those seen in Abca1(+/+) macrophages after lipopolysaccharide exposure. 25910759 1 68 theme raft 148:151 arg1 microdomains 162:173 Lipid raft membrane microdomains 142:173 Lipid raft membrane microdomains 142:173 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 12 69 theme protein 1950:1956 arg1 rafts 1972:1976 rafts 1972:1976 rafts 1972:1976 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 12 69 theme protein 1950:1956 arg1 repertoire 1958:1967 the protein repertoire 1946:1967 the protein repertoire of rafts 1946:1976 Taken together, we show that the lipid transporter ABCA1 regulates the protein repertoire of rafts and identify SLP-2 as an ABCA1-dependent regulator of raft composition and of the innate immune response. 25910759 11 70 theme reduced 1732:1738 arg1 levels 1745:1750 reduced raft levels 1732:1750 reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts 1732:1876 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 4 71 contain contain 862:868 arg1 rafts 829:833 cholesterol-laden rafts 811:833 cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor 811:953 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 4 71 contain contain 862:868 arg2 levels 880:885 increased levels 870:885 increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor 870:953 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 2 72 theme crude 477:481 arg1 tools 512:516 crude and poorly specific chemical tools 477:516 crude and poorly specific chemical tools 477:516 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 25910759 2 72 theme crude 477:481 arg1 β-cyclodextrins 527:541 β-cyclodextrins 527:541 β-cyclodextrins 527:541 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 25910759 8 73 theme Stomatin-like 1278:1290 arg1 member 1311:1316 a member 1309:1316 a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins 1309:1400 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. 25910759 8 73 theme Stomatin-like 1278:1290 arg1 SLP 1301:1303 SLP 1301:1303 SLP 1301:1303 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. 25910759 8 73 theme Stomatin-like 1278:1290 arg1 protein 1292:1298 Stomatin-like protein 1278:1298 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2 1278:1306 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. 25910759 4 74 contain have 806:809 arg1 macrophages 794:804 Abca1(-/-) macrophages 783:804 Abca1(-/-) macrophages 783:804 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 4 74 contain have 806:809 arg2 rafts 829:833 cholesterol-laden rafts 811:833 cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor 811:953 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 0 75 from Role 55:58 arg1 Composition 96:106 Raft Composition 91:106 Raft Composition 91:106 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages Reveals a Role for Stomatin-Like Protein-2 in Raft Composition and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. 25910759 0 75 from Role 55:58 arg1 Signaling 131:139 Toll-Like Receptor Signaling 112:139 Toll-Like Receptor Signaling 112:139 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages Reveals a Role for Stomatin-Like Protein-2 in Raft Composition and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. 25910759 0 76 theme Toll-Like 112:120 arg1 Signaling 131:139 Toll-Like Receptor Signaling 112:139 Toll-Like Receptor Signaling 112:139 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages Reveals a Role for Stomatin-Like Protein-2 in Raft Composition and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. 25910759 5 77 theme Abca1 1066:1070 arg1 macrophages 1077:1087 Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages 1051:1087 Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages 1051:1087 Here, using quantitative proteomic profiling, we identified 383 proteins in raft isolates from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages. 25910759 2 78 theme chemical 503:510 arg1 tools 512:516 crude and poorly specific chemical tools 477:516 crude and poorly specific chemical tools 477:516 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 25910759 2 78 theme chemical 503:510 arg1 β-cyclodextrins 527:541 β-cyclodextrins 527:541 β-cyclodextrins 527:541 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 25910759 10 79 theme cholesterol 1625:1635 arg1 efflux 1637:1642 ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux 1609:1642 ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux 1609:1642 SLP-2 silencing did not compromise ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux but reduced macrophage responsiveness to multiple TLR ligands. 25910759 0 80 theme ABCA1-Null 22:31 arg1 Macrophages 33:43 ABCA1-Null Macrophages 22:43 ABCA1-Null Macrophages 22:43 Proteomic Analysis of ABCA1-Null Macrophages Reveals a Role for Stomatin-Like Protein-2 in Raft Composition and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling. 25910759 1 81 theme system 288:293 arg1 TLRs 261:264 TLRs 261:264 TLRs 261:264 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 1 81 theme system 288:293 arg1 receptors 250:258 the Toll-like receptors 236:258 the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system 236:293 Lipid raft membrane microdomains organize signaling by many prototypical receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. 25910759 9 82 theme macrophages 1527:1537 arg1 rafts 1503:1507 rafts 1503:1507 rafts of SLP-2-silenced macrophages 1503:1537 Pursuing SLP-2 function, we found that rafts of SLP-2-silenced macrophages had markedly abnormal composition. 25910759 3 83 theme cholesterol 650:660 arg1 trafficking 662:672 intracellular cholesterol trafficking 636:672 intracellular cholesterol trafficking 636:672 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 10 84 theme macrophage 1656:1665 arg1 responsiveness 1667:1680 macrophage responsiveness 1656:1680 macrophage responsiveness to multiple TLR ligands 1656:1704 SLP-2 silencing did not compromise ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux but reduced macrophage responsiveness to multiple TLR ligands. 25910759 4 85 theme lipopolysaccharide 927:944 arg1 receptor 946:953 the lipopolysaccharide receptor 923:953 the lipopolysaccharide receptor 923:953 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 4 85 theme lipopolysaccharide 927:944 arg1 TLR4 917:920 TLR4 917:920 TLR4 917:920 Abca1(-/-) macrophages have cholesterol-laden rafts that have been reported to contain increased levels of select proteins, including TLR4, the lipopolysaccharide receptor. 25910759 3 86 theme proteins 764:771 arg1 targeting 751:759 targeting 751:759 targeting of proteins to rafts 751:780 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 5 87 theme 383 1016:1018 arg1 proteins 1020:1027 383 proteins 1016:1027 383 proteins 1016:1027 Here, using quantitative proteomic profiling, we identified 383 proteins in raft isolates from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages. 25910759 6 88 theme ABCA1 1090:1094 arg1 deletion 1096:1103 ABCA1 deletion 1090:1103 ABCA1 deletion 1090:1103 ABCA1 deletion induced wide-ranging changes to the raft proteome. 25910759 8 89 theme family 1362:1367 arg1 member 1311:1316 a member 1309:1316 a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins 1309:1400 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. 25910759 8 89 theme family 1362:1367 arg1 protein 1292:1298 Stomatin-like protein 1278:1298 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2 1278:1306 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. 25910759 10 90 theme TLR 1694:1696 arg1 ligands 1698:1704 multiple TLR ligands 1685:1704 multiple TLR ligands 1685:1704 SLP-2 silencing did not compromise ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux but reduced macrophage responsiveness to multiple TLR ligands. 25910759 11 91 theme adaptor 1853:1859 arg1 recruitment 1823:1833 defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment 1786:1833 defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts 1786:1876 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 11 91 theme adaptor 1853:1859 arg1 CD14 1776:1779 CD14 1776:1779 CD14 1776:1779 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 11 91 theme adaptor 1853:1859 arg1 co-receptor 1763:1773 the TLR co-receptor 1755:1773 the TLR co-receptor 1755:1773 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 5 92 theme quantitative 968:979 arg1 profiling 991:999 quantitative proteomic profiling 968:999 quantitative proteomic profiling 968:999 Here, using quantitative proteomic profiling, we identified 383 proteins in raft isolates from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) macrophages. 25910759 8 93 theme membrane 1372:1379 arg1 proteins 1393:1400 membrane scaffolding proteins 1372:1400 membrane scaffolding proteins 1372:1400 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. 25910759 11 94 theme common 1842:1847 arg1 MyD88 1862:1866 MyD88 1862:1866 MyD88 1862:1866 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 11 94 theme common 1842:1847 arg1 adaptor 1853:1859 the common TLR adaptor 1838:1859 the common TLR adaptor 1838:1859 This was associated with reduced raft levels of the TLR co-receptor, CD14, and defective lipopolysaccharide-induced recruitment of the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, to rafts. 25910759 3 95 theme cassette 699:706 arg1 transporter 729:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter 683:739 To date, there has been no proteome-scale investigation of whether endogenous regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking, such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 lipid efflux transporter, regulate targeting of proteins to rafts. 25910759 8 96 theme proteins 1393:1400 arg1 family 1362:1367 the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family 1321:1367 the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins 1321:1400 Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2, a member of the stomatin-prohibitin-flotillin-HflK/C family of membrane scaffolding proteins, was robustly and specifically increased in Abca1(-/-) rafts. 25910759 2 97 theme cholesterol 368:378 arg1 levels 380:385 raft cholesterol levels 363:385 raft cholesterol levels 363:385 Raft-localization of proteins is widely thought to be regulated by raft cholesterol levels, but this is largely on the basis of studies that have manipulated cell cholesterol using crude and poorly specific chemical tools, such as β-cyclodextrins. 28758994 6 0 theme immune 879:884 arg1 populations 886:896 infiltrating immune populations 866:896 infiltrating immune populations 866:896 We demonstrate the phenotypic ranges of resident myeloid cells and identify CD44 as a marker for infiltrating immune populations. 28758994 5 1 theme flow 647:650 arg1 cytometry 652:660 flow cytometry 647:660 flow cytometry 647:660 Using flow cytometry, we show differential distributions of immune populations between meninges, choroid plexus and parenchyma. 28758994 4 2 theme CD8 570:572 arg1 cells 576:580 CD8 T cells 570:580 CD8 T cells 570:580 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 6 3 theme infiltrating 866:877 arg1 populations 886:896 infiltrating immune populations 866:896 infiltrating immune populations 866:896 We demonstrate the phenotypic ranges of resident myeloid cells and identify CD44 as a marker for infiltrating immune populations. 28758994 4 4 theme cell 426:429 arg1 composition 431:441 immune cell composition and cell profiles 419:459 composition 431:441 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 1 5 theme immune 164:169 arg1 cells 171:175 immune cells 164:175 immune cells 164:175 The brain and its borders create a highly dynamic microenvironment populated with immune cells. 28758994 5 6 theme differential 671:682 arg1 distributions 684:696 differential distributions 671:696 differential distributions of immune populations between meninges, choroid plexus and parenchyma 671:766 Using flow cytometry, we show differential distributions of immune populations between meninges, choroid plexus and parenchyma. 28758994 4 7 theme cells 576:580 arg1 subsets 559:565 previously undescribed cell subsets 531:565 previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells 531:619 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 3 8 theme naive 357:361 arg1 brain 369:373 the naive mouse brain 353:373 the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers 353:403 In this study, we used CyTOF mass cytometry to characterize the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers. 28758994 4 9 theme cell 447:450 arg1 profiles 452:459 immune cell composition and cell profiles 419:459 profiles 452:459 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 4 10 theme T 574:574 arg1 cells 576:580 CD8 T cells 570:580 CD8 T cells 570:580 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 7 11 theme brain 1046:1050 arg1 immunity 1052:1059 brain immunity 1046:1059 brain immunity 1046:1059 This study provides an approach for a system-wide view of immune populations in the brain and is expected to serve as a resource for understanding brain immunity. 28758994 5 12 theme immune 701:706 arg1 populations 708:718 immune populations 701:718 immune populations 701:718 Using flow cytometry, we show differential distributions of immune populations between meninges, choroid plexus and parenchyma. 28758994 6 13 theme myeloid 818:824 arg1 cells 826:830 resident myeloid cells 809:830 resident myeloid cells 809:830 We demonstrate the phenotypic ranges of resident myeloid cells and identify CD44 as a marker for infiltrating immune populations. 28758994 4 14 theme cells 615:619 arg1 subsets 559:565 previously undescribed cell subsets 531:565 previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells 531:619 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 4 15 theme brain 473:477 arg1 compartment 479:489 the brain compartment 469:489 the brain compartment 469:489 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 5 16 theme populations 708:718 arg1 distributions 684:696 differential distributions 671:696 differential distributions of immune populations between meninges, choroid plexus and parenchyma 671:766 Using flow cytometry, we show differential distributions of immune populations between meninges, choroid plexus and parenchyma. 28758994 4 17 theme naive 628:632 arg1 brain 634:638 the naive brain 624:638 the naive brain 624:638 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 0 18 theme High-dimensional 0:15 arg1 characterization 30:45 High-dimensional, single-cell characterization 0:45 High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartment. 0:80 High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartment. 28758994 4 19 theme undescribed 542:552 arg1 subsets 559:565 previously undescribed cell subsets 531:565 previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells 531:619 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 6 20 theme phenotypic 788:797 arg1 ranges 799:804 the phenotypic ranges 784:804 the phenotypic ranges of resident myeloid cells 784:830 We demonstrate the phenotypic ranges of resident myeloid cells and identify CD44 as a marker for infiltrating immune populations. 28758994 7 21 from populations 964:974 arg1 brain 983:987 the brain 979:987 the brain 979:987 This study provides an approach for a system-wide view of immune populations in the brain and is expected to serve as a resource for understanding brain immunity. 28758994 3 22 theme mouse 363:367 arg1 brain 369:373 the naive mouse brain 353:373 the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers 353:403 In this study, we used CyTOF mass cytometry to characterize the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers. 28758994 4 23 theme cells 595:599 arg1 subsets 559:565 previously undescribed cell subsets 531:565 previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells 531:619 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 3 24 theme brain 369:373 arg1 populations 338:348 the immune populations 327:348 the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers 327:403 In this study, we used CyTOF mass cytometry to characterize the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers. 28758994 4 25 theme NK 592:593 arg1 cells 595:599 NK cells 592:599 NK cells 592:599 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 5 26 theme choroid 738:744 arg1 plexus 746:751 choroid plexus 738:751 choroid plexus 738:751 Using flow cytometry, we show differential distributions of immune populations between meninges, choroid plexus and parenchyma. 28758994 4 27 theme cell 554:557 arg1 subsets 559:565 previously undescribed cell subsets 531:565 previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells 531:619 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 4 28 theme dendritic 605:613 arg1 cells 615:619 dendritic cells 605:619 dendritic cells 605:619 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 3 29 used used 285:288 arg2 we 282:283 we 282:283 we 282:283 In this study, we used CyTOF mass cytometry to characterize the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers. 28758994 6 30 theme cells 826:830 arg1 ranges 799:804 the phenotypic ranges 784:804 the phenotypic ranges of resident myeloid cells 784:830 We demonstrate the phenotypic ranges of resident myeloid cells and identify CD44 as a marker for infiltrating immune populations. 28758994 2 31 theme brain 232:236 arg1 compartment 238:248 the naive brain compartment 222:248 the naive brain compartment 222:248 Yet characterization of immune cells within the naive brain compartment remains limited. 28758994 7 32 from brain 983:987 arg1 view 949:952 a system-wide view 935:952 a system-wide view of immune populations in the brain 935:987 This study provides an approach for a system-wide view of immune populations in the brain and is expected to serve as a resource for understanding brain immunity. 28758994 3 33 theme cell 384:387 arg1 markers 397:403 44 cell surface markers 381:403 44 cell surface markers 381:403 In this study, we used CyTOF mass cytometry to characterize the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers. 28758994 3 34 theme mass 296:299 arg1 cytometry 301:309 CyTOF mass cytometry 290:309 CyTOF mass cytometry 290:309 In this study, we used CyTOF mass cytometry to characterize the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers. 28758994 0 35 theme immune 62:67 arg1 compartment 69:79 the brain's immune compartment 50:79 the brain's immune compartment 50:79 High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartment. 28758994 2 36 theme naive 226:230 arg1 compartment 238:248 the naive brain compartment 222:248 the naive brain compartment 222:248 Yet characterization of immune cells within the naive brain compartment remains limited. 28758994 3 37 theme surface 389:395 arg1 markers 397:403 44 cell surface markers 381:403 44 cell surface markers 381:403 In this study, we used CyTOF mass cytometry to characterize the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers. 28758994 6 38 theme resident 809:816 arg1 cells 826:830 resident myeloid cells 809:830 resident myeloid cells 809:830 We demonstrate the phenotypic ranges of resident myeloid cells and identify CD44 as a marker for infiltrating immune populations. 28758994 7 39 theme populations 964:974 arg1 view 949:952 a system-wide view 935:952 a system-wide view of immune populations in the brain 935:987 This study provides an approach for a system-wide view of immune populations in the brain and is expected to serve as a resource for understanding brain immunity. 28758994 2 40 theme cells 209:213 arg1 characterization 182:197 characterization 182:197 characterization of immune cells within the naive brain compartment 182:248 Yet characterization of immune cells within the naive brain compartment remains limited. 28758994 4 41 theme B 583:583 arg1 cells 585:589 B cells 583:589 B cells 583:589 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 3 42 theme CyTOF 290:294 arg1 cytometry 301:309 CyTOF mass cytometry 290:309 CyTOF mass cytometry 290:309 In this study, we used CyTOF mass cytometry to characterize the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers. 28758994 2 43 theme immune 202:207 arg1 cells 209:213 immune cells 202:213 immune cells 202:213 Yet characterization of immune cells within the naive brain compartment remains limited. 28758994 1 44 theme dynamic 124:130 arg1 microenvironment 132:147 a highly dynamic microenvironment 115:147 a highly dynamic microenvironment populated with immune cells 115:175 The brain and its borders create a highly dynamic microenvironment populated with immune cells. 28758994 0 45 theme compartment 69:79 arg1 characterization 30:45 High-dimensional, single-cell characterization 0:45 High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartment. 0:80 High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartment. 28758994 4 46 theme immune 419:424 arg1 composition 431:441 immune cell composition and cell profiles 419:459 composition 431:441 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28758994 7 47 theme immune 957:962 arg1 populations 964:974 immune populations 957:974 immune populations in the brain 957:987 This study provides an approach for a system-wide view of immune populations in the brain and is expected to serve as a resource for understanding brain immunity. 28758994 7 48 from view 949:952 arg1 brain 983:987 the brain 979:987 the brain 979:987 This study provides an approach for a system-wide view of immune populations in the brain and is expected to serve as a resource for understanding brain immunity. 28758994 3 49 theme immune 331:336 arg1 populations 338:348 the immune populations 327:348 the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers 327:403 In this study, we used CyTOF mass cytometry to characterize the immune populations of the naive mouse brain using 44 cell surface markers. 28758994 0 50 dep High-dimensional 0:15 arg1 single-cell 18:28 single-cell 18:28 single-cell 18:28 High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartment. 28758994 7 51 theme system-wide 937:947 arg1 view 949:952 a system-wide view 935:952 a system-wide view of immune populations in the brain 935:987 This study provides an approach for a system-wide view of immune populations in the brain and is expected to serve as a resource for understanding brain immunity. 28758994 4 52 theme cells 585:589 arg1 subsets 559:565 previously undescribed cell subsets 531:565 previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells 531:619 By comparing immune cell composition and cell profiles between the brain compartment and blood, we were able to characterize previously undescribed cell subsets of CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in the naive brain. 28829418 6 0 theme vascularized 1166:1177 arg1 tissue 1179:1184 a vascularized tissue 1164:1184 a vascularized tissue 1164:1184 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 6 1 theme endothelialized 1075:1089 arg1 scaffold 1104:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold 1071:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold 1071:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 6 1 theme endothelialized 1075:1089 arg1 bed 1147:1149 a vascular bed 1136:1149 a vascular bed 1136:1149 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 4 2 theme gelatin 561:567 arg1 GelMA 583:587 GelMA 583:587 GelMA 583:587 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 4 2 theme gelatin 561:567 arg1 methacryloyl 569:580 gelatin methacryloyl 561:580 gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate 561:602 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 4 2 theme gelatin 561:567 arg1 polysaccharide 607:620 a polysaccharide 605:620 a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization 605:809 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 7 3 from strategy 1336:1343 arg1 engineering 1359:1369 convenient engineering 1348:1369 convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity 1348:1410 Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity. 28829418 7 3 from strategy 1336:1343 arg1 fidelity 1403:1410 high fidelity 1398:1410 high fidelity 1398:1410 Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity. 28829418 6 4 used used 1128:1131 arg2 scaffold 1104:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold 1071:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold 1071:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 6 4 used used 1128:1131 arg2 bed 1147:1149 a vascular bed 1136:1149 a vascular bed 1136:1149 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 4 5 theme microfibrous 814:825 arg1 scaffold 827:834 a microfibrous scaffold 812:834 a microfibrous scaffold 812:834 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 6 6 theme secondary 1220:1228 arg1 type 1235:1238 the secondary cell type 1216:1238 the secondary cell type 1216:1238 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 4 7 theme instantaneous 637:649 arg1 crosslinking 657:668 instantaneous ionic crosslinking 637:668 instantaneous ionic crosslinking 637:668 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 7 8 theme Microfluidic 1288:1299 arg1 bioprinting 1301:1311 Microfluidic bioprinting 1288:1311 Microfluidic bioprinting 1288:1311 Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity. 28829418 5 9 theme culture 1050:1056 arg1 course 1040:1045 the course 1036:1045 the course of culture for 16 days 1036:1068 Importantly, the endothelial cells encapsulated inside the bioprinted microfibers can form the lumen-like structures resembling the vasculature over the course of culture for 16 days. 28829418 6 10 theme subsequent 1194:1203 arg1 seeding 1205:1211 subsequent seeding 1194:1211 subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers 1194:1285 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 3 11 theme bioink 399:404 arg1 formulation 406:416 a composite bioink formulation 387:416 a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow 387:444 To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. 28829418 5 12 theme lumen-like 982:991 arg1 structures 993:1002 the lumen-like structures 978:1002 the lumen-like structures resembling the vasculature over the course of culture for 16 days 978:1068 Importantly, the endothelial cells encapsulated inside the bioprinted microfibers can form the lumen-like structures resembling the vasculature over the course of culture for 16 days. 28829418 1 13 theme vascularized 89:100 arg1 constructs 109:118 vascularized tissue constructs 89:118 vascularized tissue constructs 89:118 Engineering vascularized tissue constructs and organoids has been historically challenging. 28829418 3 14 theme sheath 491:496 arg1 flow 498:501 the sheath flow 487:501 the sheath flow 487:501 To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. 28829418 1 15 theme tissue 102:107 arg1 constructs 109:118 vascularized tissue constructs 89:118 vascularized tissue constructs 89:118 Engineering vascularized tissue constructs and organoids has been historically challenging. 28829418 4 16 theme ions 705:708 arg1 presence 677:684 the presence 673:684 the presence of select divalent ions 673:708 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 7 17 theme high 1398:1401 arg1 fidelity 1403:1410 high fidelity 1398:1410 high fidelity 1398:1410 Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity. 28829418 4 18 theme permanent 787:795 arg1 stabilization 797:809 permanent stabilization 787:809 permanent stabilization 787:809 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 7 19 theme vascularized 1374:1385 arg1 tissues 1387:1393 vascularized tissues 1374:1393 vascularized tissues 1374:1393 Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity. 28829418 0 20 theme Microfluidic 0:11 arg1 Bioprinting 13:23 Microfluidic Bioprinting 0:23 Microfluidic Bioprinting for Engineering Vascularized Tissues and Organoids. 0:75 Microfluidic Bioprinting for Engineering Vascularized Tissues and Organoids. 28829418 2 21 with scaffold 249:256 arg1 microfibers 295:305 multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers 263:305 multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers 263:305 Here we describe a novel method based on microfluidic bioprinting to generate a scaffold with multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers. 28829418 6 22 theme type 1235:1238 arg1 seeding 1205:1211 subsequent seeding 1194:1211 subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers 1194:1285 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 5 23 theme bioprinted 946:955 arg1 microfibers 957:967 the bioprinted microfibers 942:967 the bioprinted microfibers 942:967 Importantly, the endothelial cells encapsulated inside the bioprinted microfibers can form the lumen-like structures resembling the vasculature over the course of culture for 16 days. 28829418 6 24 theme microfibers 1275:1285 arg1 space 1262:1266 the interstitial space 1245:1266 the interstitial space of the microfibers 1245:1285 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 3 25 theme smooth 319:324 arg1 bioprinting 326:336 smooth bioprinting 319:336 smooth bioprinting 319:336 To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. 28829418 6 26 theme cell 1230:1233 arg1 type 1235:1238 the secondary cell type 1216:1238 the secondary cell type 1216:1238 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 3 27 theme core 436:439 arg1 flow 441:444 the core flow 432:444 the core flow 432:444 To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. 28829418 6 28 theme interstitial 1249:1260 arg1 space 1262:1266 the interstitial space 1245:1266 the interstitial space of the microfibers 1245:1285 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 4 29 with methacryloyl 569:580 arg1 alginate 595:602 alginate 595:602 alginate 595:602 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 7 30 theme convenient 1348:1357 arg1 engineering 1359:1369 convenient engineering 1348:1369 convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity 1348:1410 Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity. 28829418 5 31 theme endothelial 904:914 arg1 cells 916:920 the endothelial cells 900:920 the endothelial cells encapsulated inside the bioprinted microfibers 900:967 Importantly, the endothelial cells encapsulated inside the bioprinted microfibers can form the lumen-like structures resembling the vasculature over the course of culture for 16 days. 28829418 2 32 theme multilayer 263:272 arg1 microfibers 295:305 multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers 263:305 multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers 263:305 Here we describe a novel method based on microfluidic bioprinting to generate a scaffold with multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers. 28829418 6 33 theme vascular 1138:1145 arg1 bed 1147:1149 a vascular bed 1136:1149 a vascular bed 1136:1149 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 6 33 theme vascular 1138:1145 arg1 scaffold 1104:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold 1071:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold 1071:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 4 34 theme divalent 696:703 arg1 ions 705:708 select divalent ions 689:708 select divalent ions 689:708 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 0 35 theme Vascularized 41:52 arg1 Tissues 54:60 Tissues 54:60 Tissues 54:60 Microfluidic Bioprinting for Engineering Vascularized Tissues and Organoids. 28829418 4 36 theme bioprinting 865:875 arg1 strategy 877:884 this bioprinting strategy 860:884 this bioprinting strategy 860:884 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 4 37 theme select 689:694 arg1 ions 705:708 select divalent ions 689:708 select divalent ions 689:708 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 3 38 theme core-sheath 341:351 arg1 printhead 366:374 a core-sheath microfluidic printhead 339:374 a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow 339:444 To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. 28829418 2 39 theme novel 188:192 arg1 method 194:199 a novel method 186:199 a novel method based on microfluidic bioprinting 186:233 Here we describe a novel method based on microfluidic bioprinting to generate a scaffold with multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers. 28829418 7 40 from fidelity 1403:1410 arg1 strategy 1336:1343 a generalized strategy 1322:1343 a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity 1322:1410 Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity. 28829418 7 40 from fidelity 1403:1410 arg1 engineering 1359:1369 convenient engineering 1348:1369 convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity 1348:1410 Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity. 28829418 4 41 theme GelMA 760:764 arg1 component 766:774 the GelMA component 756:774 the GelMA component 756:774 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 3 42 theme crosslinking 454:465 arg1 solution 467:474 the crosslinking solution 450:474 the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow 450:501 To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. 28829418 3 43 theme microfluidic 353:364 arg1 printhead 366:374 a core-sheath microfluidic printhead 339:374 a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow 339:444 To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. 28829418 7 44 theme tissues 1387:1393 arg1 engineering 1359:1369 convenient engineering 1348:1369 convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity 1348:1410 Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity. 28829418 3 45 contain containing 376:385 arg1 printhead 366:374 a core-sheath microfluidic printhead 339:374 a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow 339:444 To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. 28829418 3 45 contain containing 376:385 arg2 formulation 406:416 a composite bioink formulation 387:416 a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow 387:444 To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. 28829418 4 46 theme component 766:774 arg1 photocrosslinking 735:751 a secondary photocrosslinking 723:751 a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component 723:774 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 4 47 theme ionic 651:655 arg1 crosslinking 657:668 instantaneous ionic crosslinking 637:668 instantaneous ionic crosslinking 637:668 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 2 48 theme microfluidic 210:221 arg1 bioprinting 223:233 microfluidic bioprinting 210:233 microfluidic bioprinting 210:233 Here we describe a novel method based on microfluidic bioprinting to generate a scaffold with multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers. 28829418 2 49 theme hydrogel 286:293 arg1 microfibers 295:305 multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers 263:305 multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers 263:305 Here we describe a novel method based on microfluidic bioprinting to generate a scaffold with multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers. 28829418 4 50 theme secondary 725:733 arg1 photocrosslinking 735:751 a secondary photocrosslinking 723:751 a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component 723:774 By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. 28829418 7 51 theme generalized 1324:1334 arg1 strategy 1336:1343 a generalized strategy 1322:1343 a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity 1322:1410 Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity. 28829418 3 52 theme composite 389:397 arg1 formulation 406:416 a composite bioink formulation 387:416 a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow 387:444 To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. 28829418 2 53 theme interlacing 274:284 arg1 microfibers 295:305 multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers 263:305 multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers 263:305 Here we describe a novel method based on microfluidic bioprinting to generate a scaffold with multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers. 28829418 6 54 theme microfibrous 1091:1102 arg1 scaffold 1104:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold 1071:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold 1071:1111 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 28829418 6 54 theme microfibrous 1091:1102 arg1 bed 1147:1149 a vascular bed 1136:1149 a vascular bed 1136:1149 The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. 27713954 0 0 theme sabdariffa 82:91 arg1 Linn. 116:120 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 73:120 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 73:120 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 3 1 theme fatty 665:669 arg1 acids 671:675 fatty acids 665:675 fatty acids 665:675 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 3 1 theme fatty 665:669 arg1 majority 642:649 the majority 638:649 the majority 638:649 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 4 2 theme -stimulated 851:861 arg1 cells 884:888 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 827:888 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 827:888 Biological activity showed that the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 27713954 6 3 theme cytokine 1256:1263 arg1 production 1302:1311 pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production 1239:1311 pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production 1239:1311 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 7 4 theme good 1372:1375 arg1 source 1377:1382 a good source 1370:1382 a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation 1370:1449 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 7 4 theme good 1372:1375 arg1 oil 1334:1336 the essential oil 1320:1336 the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa 1320:1365 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 0 5 theme Hibiscus 73:80 arg1 Linn. 116:120 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 73:120 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 73:120 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 1 6 theme essential 298:306 arg1 oil 308:310 its essential oil 294:310 its essential oil 294:310 The main purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of its essential oil and assess its potential therapeutic effect on anti-inflammatory activity. 27713954 6 7 theme signaling 1201:1209 arg1 pathways 1211:1218 MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways 1179:1218 MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways 1179:1218 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 3 8 theme volatile 599:606 arg1 constituents 608:619 18 volatile constituents 596:619 18 volatile constituents 596:619 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 6 9 theme pro-inflammatory 1239:1254 arg1 cytokine 1256:1263 pro-inflammatory cytokine 1239:1263 pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production 1239:1311 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 0 10 theme Hibiscus 96:103 arg1 Linn. 116:120 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 73:120 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 73:120 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 1 11 theme oil 308:310 arg1 composition 279:289 the composition 275:289 the composition of its essential oil 275:310 The main purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of its essential oil and assess its potential therapeutic effect on anti-inflammatory activity. 27713954 4 12 theme RAW 874:876 arg1 cells 884:888 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 827:888 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 827:888 Biological activity showed that the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 27713954 0 13 theme care 201:204 arg1 applications 206:217 health care applications 194:217 health care applications 194:217 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 7 14 with product 1397:1403 arg1 effect 1423:1428 a beneficial effect 1410:1428 a beneficial effect against inflammation 1410:1449 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 1 15 theme main 233:236 arg1 purpose 238:244 The main purpose 229:244 The main purpose of this study 229:258 The main purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of its essential oil and assess its potential therapeutic effect on anti-inflammatory activity. 27713954 0 16 theme L. 93:94 arg1 Linn. 116:120 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 73:120 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 73:120 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 3 17 theme ester 681:685 arg1 compounds 687:695 ester compounds 681:695 ester compounds 681:695 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 4 18 theme macrophage 863:872 arg1 cells 884:888 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 827:888 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 827:888 Biological activity showed that the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 27713954 7 19 theme essential 1324:1332 arg1 source 1377:1382 a good source 1370:1382 a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation 1370:1449 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 7 19 theme essential 1324:1332 arg1 oil 1334:1336 the essential oil 1320:1336 the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa 1320:1365 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 0 20 theme Linn. 116:120 arg1 calyx 64:68 the calyx 60:68 the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 60:120 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 4 21 theme Biological 698:707 arg1 activity 709:716 Biological activity 698:716 Biological activity 698:716 Biological activity showed that the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 27713954 3 22 theme oil 493:495 arg1 components 497:506 The essential oil components 479:506 The essential oil components 479:506 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 6 23 theme anti-inflammatory 1038:1054 arg1 activity 1056:1063 the anti-inflammatory activity 1034:1063 the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa 1034:1113 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 0 24 theme sabdariffa 105:114 arg1 Linn. 116:120 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 73:120 Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 73:120 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 2 25 theme essential 445:453 arg1 oil 455:457 the essential oil 441:457 the essential oil 441:457 A water steam distillation method was used to extract the essential oil from H. Sabdariffa. 27713954 4 26 theme essential 734:742 arg1 oil 744:746 the essential oil 730:746 the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa 730:775 Biological activity showed that the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 27713954 6 27 dep cytokine 1256:1263 arg1 IL-1 1266:1269 IL-1 1266:1269 IL-1 1266:1269 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 6 27 dep cytokine 1256:1263 arg1 COX-2 1285:1289 COX-2 1285:1289 COX-2 1285:1289 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 6 27 dep cytokine 1256:1263 arg1 iNOS 1296:1299 iNOS 1296:1299 iNOS 1296:1299 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 6 27 dep cytokine 1256:1263 arg1 TNF-α 1278:1282 TNF-α 1278:1282 TNF-α 1278:1282 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 6 27 dep cytokine 1256:1263 arg1 IL-6 1272:1275 IL-6 1272:1275 IL-6 1272:1275 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 1 28 theme potential 327:335 arg1 effect 349:354 its potential therapeutic effect 323:354 its potential therapeutic effect on anti-inflammatory activity 323:384 The main purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of its essential oil and assess its potential therapeutic effect on anti-inflammatory activity. 27713954 0 29 theme health 194:199 arg1 applications 206:217 health care applications 194:217 health care applications 194:217 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 0 30 attach isolated 46:53 arg1 calyx 64:68 the calyx 60:68 the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 60:120 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 0 30 attach isolated 46:53 arg2 oil 42:44 essential oil 32:44 essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 32:120 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 3 31 theme chromatography/mass 531:549 arg1 analysis 572:579 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis 527:579 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis 527:579 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 7 32 theme beneficial 1412:1421 arg1 effect 1423:1428 a beneficial effect 1410:1428 a beneficial effect against inflammation 1410:1449 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 0 33 theme Anti-inflammatory 0:16 arg1 plant 183:187 a plant 181:187 a plant with health care applications in China 181:226 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 0 33 theme Anti-inflammatory 0:16 arg1 activities 18:27 Anti-inflammatory activities 0:27 Anti-inflammatory activities 0:27 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 7 34 theme product 1397:1403 arg1 source 1377:1382 a good source 1370:1382 a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation 1370:1449 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 7 34 theme product 1397:1403 arg1 oil 1334:1336 the essential oil 1320:1336 the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa 1320:1365 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 3 35 theme spectrometry 551:562 arg1 analysis 572:579 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis 527:579 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis 527:579 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 0 36 theme essential 32:40 arg1 oil 42:44 essential oil 32:44 essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. 32:120 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 4 37 theme anti-inflammatory 797:813 arg1 activity 815:822 excellent anti-inflammatory activity 787:822 excellent anti-inflammatory activity 787:822 Biological activity showed that the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 27713954 5 38 theme oil 984:986 arg1 concentration 953:965 the concentration 949:965 the concentration of the essential oil 949:986 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 5 38 theme oil 984:986 arg1 mL-1 999:1002 mL-1 999:1002 mL-1 999:1002 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 2 39 theme water 389:393 arg1 method 414:419 A water steam distillation method 387:419 A water steam distillation method 387:419 A water steam distillation method was used to extract the essential oil from H. Sabdariffa. 27713954 2 40 theme steam 395:399 arg1 method 414:419 A water steam distillation method 387:419 A water steam distillation method 387:419 A water steam distillation method was used to extract the essential oil from H. Sabdariffa. 27713954 1 41 theme study 254:258 arg1 purpose 238:244 The main purpose 229:244 The main purpose of this study 229:258 The main purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of its essential oil and assess its potential therapeutic effect on anti-inflammatory activity. 27713954 5 42 theme inhibition 913:922 arg1 rate 924:927 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate 891:927 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate 891:927 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 3 43 theme constituents 608:619 arg1 total 587:591 a total 585:591 a total of 18 volatile constituents 585:619 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 3 44 theme gas 527:529 arg1 analysis 572:579 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis 527:579 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis 527:579 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 0 45 with plant 183:187 arg1 applications 206:217 health care applications 194:217 health care applications 194:217 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 6 46 theme Further 1005:1011 arg1 analysis 1013:1020 Further analysis 1005:1020 Further analysis 1005:1020 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 4 47 theme excellent 787:795 arg1 activity 815:822 excellent anti-inflammatory activity 787:822 excellent anti-inflammatory activity 787:822 Biological activity showed that the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 27713954 0 48 theme oil 42:44 arg1 plant 183:187 a plant 181:187 a plant with health care applications in China 181:226 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 0 48 theme oil 42:44 arg1 activities 18:27 Anti-inflammatory activities 0:27 Anti-inflammatory activities 0:27 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 2 49 theme distillation 401:412 arg1 method 414:419 A water steam distillation method 387:419 A water steam distillation method 387:419 A water steam distillation method was used to extract the essential oil from H. Sabdariffa. 27713954 1 50 from effect 349:354 arg1 activity 377:384 anti-inflammatory activity 359:384 anti-inflammatory activity 359:384 The main purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of its essential oil and assess its potential therapeutic effect on anti-inflammatory activity. 27713954 1 51 dep potential 327:335 arg1 therapeutic 337:347 therapeutic 337:347 therapeutic 337:347 The main purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of its essential oil and assess its potential therapeutic effect on anti-inflammatory activity. 27713954 1 52 theme anti-inflammatory 359:375 arg1 activity 377:384 anti-inflammatory activity 359:384 anti-inflammatory activity 359:384 The main purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of its essential oil and assess its potential therapeutic effect on anti-inflammatory activity. 27713954 5 53 theme 200 992:994 arg1 mL-1 999:1002 mL-1 999:1002 mL-1 999:1002 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 5 53 theme 200 992:994 arg1 concentration 953:965 the concentration 949:965 the concentration of the essential oil 949:986 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 5 54 theme nitric 895:900 arg1 oxide 902:906 nitric oxide 895:906 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate 891:927 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 5 54 theme nitric 895:900 arg1 NO 909:910 NO 909:910 NO 909:910 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 3 55 theme which 654:658 arg1 acids 671:675 fatty acids 665:675 fatty acids 665:675 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 3 55 theme which 654:658 arg1 majority 642:649 the majority 638:649 the majority 638:649 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 0 56 from plant 183:187 arg1 China 222:226 China 222:226 China 222:226 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 7 57 theme natural 1389:1395 arg1 product 1397:1403 a natural product 1387:1403 a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation 1387:1449 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 5 58 theme μg 996:997 arg1 mL-1 999:1002 mL-1 999:1002 mL-1 999:1002 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 5 58 theme μg 996:997 arg1 concentration 953:965 the concentration 949:965 the concentration of the essential oil 949:986 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 3 59 theme GC-MS 565:569 arg1 analysis 572:579 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis 527:579 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis 527:579 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 27713954 5 60 theme oxide 902:906 arg1 rate 924:927 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate 891:927 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate 891:927 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 7 61 theme functional 1502:1511 arg1 ingredient 1513:1522 functional ingredient 1502:1522 functional ingredient 1502:1522 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 7 61 theme functional 1502:1511 arg1 it 1456:1457 it 1456:1457 it 1456:1457 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 2 62 from Sabdariffa 467:476 arg1 extract 433:439 extract 433:439 extract 433:439 A water steam distillation method was used to extract the essential oil from H. Sabdariffa. 27713954 6 63 theme MAPK 1179:1182 arg1 pathways 1211:1218 MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways 1179:1218 MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways 1179:1218 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 6 64 dep MAPK 1179:1182 arg1 JNK 1185:1187 JNK 1185:1187 JNK 1185:1187 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 6 64 dep MAPK 1179:1182 arg1 ERK1/2 1193:1198 ERK1/2 1193:1198 ERK1/2 1193:1198 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 7 65 theme food 1479:1482 arg1 it 1456:1457 it 1456:1457 it 1456:1457 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 7 65 theme food 1479:1482 arg1 supplement 1484:1493 a food supplement 1477:1493 a food supplement 1477:1493 Thus, the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient. 27713954 0 66 theme Malvaceae 150:158 arg1 family 140:145 the family 136:145 the family of Malvaceae 136:158 Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., belonging to the family of Malvaceae, is considered to be a plant with health care applications in China. 27713954 6 67 theme oil 1082:1084 arg1 activity 1056:1063 the anti-inflammatory activity 1034:1063 the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa 1034:1113 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 2 68 theme H. 464:465 arg1 Sabdariffa 467:476 H. Sabdariffa 464:476 H. Sabdariffa 464:476 A water steam distillation method was used to extract the essential oil from H. Sabdariffa. 27713954 6 69 theme NF-κB 1169:1173 arg1 pathways 1211:1218 MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways 1179:1218 MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways 1179:1218 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 6 69 theme NF-κB 1169:1173 arg1 activation 1155:1164 the activation 1151:1164 the activation of NF-κB 1151:1173 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 6 70 theme essential 1072:1080 arg1 oil 1082:1084 the essential oil 1068:1084 the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa 1068:1113 Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) production. 27713954 2 71 used used 425:428 arg2 method 414:419 A water steam distillation method 387:419 A water steam distillation method 387:419 A water steam distillation method was used to extract the essential oil from H. Sabdariffa. 27713954 5 72 theme essential 974:982 arg1 oil 984:986 the essential oil 970:986 the essential oil 970:986 The nitric oxide (NO) inhibition rate reached 67.46% when the concentration of the essential oil was 200 μg mL-1. 27713954 3 73 theme essential 483:491 arg1 components 497:506 The essential oil components 479:506 The essential oil components 479:506 The essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a total of 18 volatile constituents were identified, the majority of which were fatty acids and ester compounds. 25881960 6 0 theme dextranase 918:927 arg1 sequence 906:913 The N-terminal sequence 891:913 The N-terminal sequence of dextranase KIBGE-IB25 891:938 The N-terminal sequence of dextranase KIBGE-IB25 was AYTVTLYLQG. 25881960 3 1 theme weight 535:540 arg1 activity 499:506 specific activity 490:506 specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa 490:551 Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. 25881960 1 2 theme enzymatic 266:274 arg1 methods 276:282 chemical and enzymatic methods 253:282 chemical and enzymatic methods 253:282 Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. 25881960 0 3 theme endodextranase 77:90 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 0 3 theme endodextranase 77:90 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 0 3 theme endodextranase 77:90 arg1 analysis 47:54 end product analysis 35:54 end product analysis 35:54 Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 4 4 from pH 654:655 arg1 min 647:649 15 min 644:649 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively 644:724 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 5 5 theme acidic 843:848 arg1 acids 884:888 hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 830:888 hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 830:888 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 3 6 theme U/mg 516:519 arg1 activity 499:506 specific activity 490:506 specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa 490:551 Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. 25881960 7 7 theme N-terminal 1133:1142 arg1 end 1144:1146 N-terminal end 1133:1146 N-terminal end 1133:1146 It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end. 25881960 5 8 theme amino 878:882 arg1 acids 884:888 hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 830:888 hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 830:888 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 1 9 theme low 191:193 arg1 weight 205:210 low molecular weight 191:210 low molecular weight dextran 191:218 Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. 25881960 4 10 theme dextran 608:614 arg1 cleavage 596:603 optimum cleavage 588:603 optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C 588:639 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 2 11 theme research 293:300 arg1 study 302:306 Current research study 285:306 Current research study 285:306 Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 1 12 theme molecular 195:203 arg1 weight 205:210 low molecular weight 191:210 low molecular weight dextran 191:218 Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. 25881960 5 13 theme composition 747:757 arg1 analysis 759:766 Relative amino acid composition analysis 727:766 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme 727:785 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 3 14 theme kDa 549:551 arg1 U/mg 516:519 1405 U/mg 511:519 1405 U/mg 511:519 Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. 25881960 3 14 theme kDa 549:551 arg1 weight 535:540 molecular weight 525:540 molecular weight of 158 kDa 525:551 Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. 25881960 7 15 dep characteristics 1023:1037 arg1 family 1069:1074 (GH) family 49 1064:1077 some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 1009:1077 It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end. 25881960 4 16 from °C 638:639 arg1 cleavage 596:603 optimum cleavage 588:603 optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C 588:639 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 1 17 theme weight 205:210 arg1 dextran 212:218 low molecular weight dextran 191:218 low molecular weight dextran 191:218 Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. 25881960 7 18 theme O-glycosylation 1114:1128 arg1 presence 1102:1109 the presence 1098:1109 the presence of O-glycosylation 1098:1128 It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end. 25881960 7 19 theme GH 1065:1066 arg1 family 1069:1074 (GH) family 49 1064:1077 some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 1009:1077 It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end. 25881960 2 20 from strain 401:406 arg1 characterization 348:363 characterization 348:363 characterization 348:363 Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 2 20 from strain 401:406 arg1 purification 331:342 purification 331:342 purification 331:342 Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 2 20 from strain 401:406 arg1 production 319:328 production 319:328 production 319:328 Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 7 21 theme glycosyl 1044:1051 arg1 hydrolases 1053:1062 glycosyl hydrolases 1044:1062 glycosyl hydrolases 1044:1062 It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end. 25881960 5 22 theme acids 884:888 arg1 number 820:825 higher number 813:825 higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 813:888 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 4 23 dep Km 668:669 arg1 a 666:666 a 666:666 a 666:666 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 5 24 theme enzyme 780:785 arg1 analysis 759:766 Relative amino acid composition analysis 727:766 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme 727:785 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 5 25 theme purified 771:778 arg1 enzyme 780:785 purified enzyme 771:785 purified enzyme 771:785 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 4 26 theme optimum 588:594 arg1 cleavage 596:603 optimum cleavage 588:603 optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C 588:639 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 4 27 with min 647:649 arg1 μmol/min 703:710 182 μmol/min 699:710 182 μmol/min 699:710 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 4 27 with min 647:649 arg1 Vmax 675:678 Vmax 675:678 Vmax 675:678 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 4 27 with min 647:649 arg1 Km 668:669 Km 668:669 Km 668:669 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 4 28 theme mg/ml 689:693 arg1 μmol/min 703:710 182 μmol/min 699:710 182 μmol/min 699:710 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 4 28 theme mg/ml 689:693 arg1 Km 668:669 Km 668:669 Km 668:669 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 4 28 theme mg/ml 689:693 arg1 Vmax 675:678 Vmax 675:678 Vmax 675:678 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 5 29 theme hydrophobic 830:840 arg1 acids 884:888 hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 830:888 hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 830:888 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 0 30 theme product 39:45 arg1 analysis 47:54 end product analysis 35:54 end product analysis 35:54 Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 3 31 theme molecular 525:533 arg1 weight 535:540 molecular weight 525:540 molecular weight of 158 kDa 525:551 Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. 25881960 4 32 dep dextran 608:614 arg1 Da 622:623 5000 Da 617:623 5000 Da 617:623 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 4 32 dep dextran 608:614 arg1 % 629:629 0.5% 626:629 0.5% 626:629 It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. 25881960 0 33 theme end 35:37 arg1 analysis 47:54 end product analysis 35:54 end product analysis 35:54 Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 5 34 theme number 820:825 arg1 presence 801:808 the presence 797:808 the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 797:888 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 5 35 theme promoting 868:876 arg1 acids 884:888 hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 830:888 hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 830:888 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 7 36 theme acid 984:987 arg1 sequence 989:996 distinct amino acid sequence 969:996 distinct amino acid sequence 969:996 It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end. 25881960 3 37 theme specific 490:497 arg1 activity 499:506 specific activity 490:506 specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa 490:551 Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. 25881960 5 38 theme amino 736:740 arg1 analysis 759:766 Relative amino acid composition analysis 727:766 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme 727:785 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 6 39 theme N-terminal 895:904 arg1 sequence 906:913 The N-terminal sequence 891:913 The N-terminal sequence of dextranase KIBGE-IB25 891:938 The N-terminal sequence of dextranase KIBGE-IB25 was AYTVTLYLQG. 25881960 3 40 dep 36 476:477 arg1 up 470:471 up 470:471 up 470:471 Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. 25881960 3 40 dep 36 476:477 arg1 folds 479:483 folds 479:483 folds 479:483 Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. 25881960 5 41 theme acid 742:745 arg1 analysis 759:766 Relative amino acid composition analysis 727:766 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme 727:785 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 2 42 theme KIBGE-IB25 434:443 arg1 strain 401:406 a newly isolated strain 384:406 a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25 384:443 Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 7 43 theme inherent 1014:1021 arg1 characteristics 1023:1037 some inherent characteristics 1009:1037 some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 1009:1077 It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end. 25881960 1 44 theme dextran 169:175 arg1 weight 162:167 high molecular weight 147:167 high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran 147:218 Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. 25881960 7 45 theme distinct 969:976 arg1 sequence 989:996 distinct amino acid sequence 969:996 distinct amino acid sequence 969:996 It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end. 25881960 2 46 theme dextranase 368:377 arg1 characterization 348:363 characterization 348:363 characterization 348:363 Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 2 46 theme dextranase 368:377 arg1 purification 331:342 purification 331:342 purification 331:342 Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 2 46 theme dextranase 368:377 arg1 production 319:328 production 319:328 production 319:328 Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 0 47 from KIBGE-IB25 120:129 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 0 47 from KIBGE-IB25 120:129 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 0 47 from KIBGE-IB25 120:129 arg1 analysis 47:54 end product analysis 35:54 end product analysis 35:54 Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 2 48 theme Current 285:291 arg1 study 302:306 Current research study 285:306 Current research study 285:306 Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 7 49 theme amino 978:982 arg1 sequence 989:996 distinct amino acid sequence 969:996 distinct amino acid sequence 969:996 It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end. 25881960 1 50 theme high 147:150 arg1 weight 162:167 high molecular weight 147:167 high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran 147:218 Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. 25881960 5 51 dep promoting 868:876 arg1 glycosylation 854:866 glycosylation 854:866 glycosylation 854:866 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 1 52 theme molecular 152:160 arg1 weight 162:167 high molecular weight 147:167 high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran 147:218 Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. 25881960 3 53 theme 1405 511:514 arg1 U/mg 516:519 1405 U/mg 511:519 1405 U/mg 511:519 Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. 25881960 0 54 theme degrading 67:75 arg1 endodextranase 77:90 dextran degrading endodextranase 59:90 dextran degrading endodextranase 59:90 Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 7 55 with characteristics 1023:1037 arg1 hydrolases 1053:1062 glycosyl hydrolases 1044:1062 glycosyl hydrolases 1044:1062 It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end. 25881960 1 56 theme weight 162:167 arg1 Degradation 132:142 Degradation 132:142 Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran 132:218 Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. 25881960 5 57 theme higher 813:818 arg1 number 820:825 higher number 813:825 higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids 813:888 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 1 58 theme chemical 253:260 arg1 methods 276:282 chemical and enzymatic methods 253:282 chemical and enzymatic methods 253:282 Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. 25881960 0 59 theme dextran 59:65 arg1 endodextranase 77:90 dextran degrading endodextranase 59:90 dextran degrading endodextranase 59:90 Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 25881960 5 60 theme Relative 727:734 arg1 analysis 759:766 Relative amino acid composition analysis 727:766 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme 727:785 Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. 25881960 2 61 theme isolated 392:399 arg1 strain 401:406 a newly isolated strain 384:406 a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25 384:443 Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. 28731675 11 0 theme tissue 1843:1848 arg1 thickness 1850:1858 tissue thickness 1843:1858 tissue thickness 1843:1858 After it was injected into the infarcted hearts for 4 weeks, the released CTT efficiently prevented cardiac ECM degradation as it not only increased tissue thickness but also preserved collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue. 28731675 1 1 theme matrix 271:276 arg1 MMPs 298:301 upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 259:302 upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 259:319 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 12 2 theme delivery 1961:1968 arg1 system 1970:1975 the delivery system 1957:1975 the delivery system 1957:1975 In addition, the delivery system significantly improved cardiac function. 28731675 14 3 theme adverse 2197:2203 arg1 remodeling 2216:2225 adverse myocardial remodeling 2197:2225 adverse myocardial remodeling 2197:2225 These results demonstrate that the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system has potential to efficiently reduce adverse myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac function. 28731675 2 4 contain has 468:470 arg2 potential 476:484 the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties 472:525 the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties 472:525 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 2 4 contain has 468:470 arg1 Attenuation 404:414 Attenuation 404:414 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI 404:466 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 10 5 theme CTT 1629:1631 arg1 release 1633:1639 CTT release 1629:1639 CTT release 1629:1639 Both glycosaminoglycans augmented CTT release, while heparin more greatly accelerated the release. 28731675 3 6 theme cardiac 612:618 arg1 degradation 624:634 cardiac ECM degradation 612:634 cardiac ECM degradation 612:634 Yet the strategy for efficiently preventing cardiac ECM degradation remains to be established. 28731675 6 7 theme peptide 1173:1179 arg1 CTTHWGFTLC 1181:1190 peptide CTTHWGFTLC 1173:1190 peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT) 1173:1196 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 6 7 theme peptide 1173:1179 arg1 CTT 1193:1195 CTT 1193:1195 CTT 1193:1195 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 6 7 theme peptide 1173:1179 arg1 inhibitor 1162:1170 a MMP-2 specific inhibitor 1145:1170 a MMP-2 specific inhibitor 1145:1170 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 14 8 theme inhibitor 2135:2143 arg1 system 2154:2159 the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 2115:2159 the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 2115:2159 These results demonstrate that the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system has potential to efficiently reduce adverse myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac function. 28731675 11 9 theme ECM 1802:1804 arg1 degradation 1806:1816 cardiac ECM degradation 1794:1816 cardiac ECM degradation 1794:1816 After it was injected into the infarcted hearts for 4 weeks, the released CTT efficiently prevented cardiac ECM degradation as it not only increased tissue thickness but also preserved collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue. 28731675 0 10 theme Myocardial 153:162 arg1 Infarction 164:173 Myocardial Infarction 153:173 Myocardial Infarction 153:173 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor to Attenuate Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Improve Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. 28731675 1 11 theme matrix 243:248 arg1 degradation 214:224 degradation 214:224 degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 214:319 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 14 12 theme developed 2119:2127 arg1 system 2154:2159 the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 2115:2159 the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 2115:2159 These results demonstrate that the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system has potential to efficiently reduce adverse myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac function. 28731675 13 13 theme cardiac 2066:2072 arg1 fibrosis 2074:2081 cardiac fibrosis 2066:2081 cardiac fibrosis 2066:2081 Importantly, the delivery system did not induce cardiac fibrosis. 28731675 11 14 theme normal 1923:1928 arg1 tissue 1936:1941 the normal heart tissue 1919:1941 the normal heart tissue 1919:1941 After it was injected into the infarcted hearts for 4 weeks, the released CTT efficiently prevented cardiac ECM degradation as it not only increased tissue thickness but also preserved collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue. 28731675 9 15 theme CTT 1478:1480 arg1 CTT 1478:1480 CTT 1478:1480 CTT loaded into the hydrogel 1478:1505 The release kinetics was modulated by amount of CTT loaded into the hydrogel, and using chondroitin sulfate and heparin that can interact with CTT and the hydrogel. 28731675 9 15 theme CTT 1478:1480 arg1 amount 1468:1473 amount 1468:1473 amount of CTT loaded into the hydrogel 1468:1505 The release kinetics was modulated by amount of CTT loaded into the hydrogel, and using chondroitin sulfate and heparin that can interact with CTT and the hydrogel. 28731675 11 16 theme infarcted 1725:1733 arg1 hearts 1735:1740 the infarcted hearts 1721:1740 the infarcted hearts 1721:1740 After it was injected into the infarcted hearts for 4 weeks, the released CTT efficiently prevented cardiac ECM degradation as it not only increased tissue thickness but also preserved collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue. 28731675 5 17 theme early 972:976 arg1 stage 978:982 early stage 972:982 early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation 972:1042 To address these limitations, we have developed a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation. 28731675 8 18 theme low 1318:1320 arg1 weight 1332:1337 low molecular weight 1318:1337 low molecular weight CTT over 4 weeks 1318:1354 The system was able to release low molecular weight CTT over 4 weeks possibly due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydrogel and CTT. 28731675 8 19 theme weight 1332:1337 arg1 CTT 1339:1341 low molecular weight CTT 1318:1341 low molecular weight CTT over 4 weeks 1318:1354 The system was able to release low molecular weight CTT over 4 weeks possibly due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydrogel and CTT. 28731675 0 20 theme Adverse 87:93 arg1 Remodeling 103:112 Adverse Cardiac Remodeling 87:112 Adverse Cardiac Remodeling 87:112 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor to Attenuate Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Improve Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. 28731675 7 21 theme gelation 1215:1222 arg1 hydrogel 1224:1231 fast gelation hydrogel 1210:1231 fast gelation hydrogel 1210:1231 The use of fast gelation hydrogel allowed to completely retain CTT in the heart tissue. 28731675 1 22 theme function 380:387 arg1 deterioration 389:401 cardiac function deterioration 372:401 cardiac function deterioration 372:401 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 9 23 theme chondroitin 1518:1528 arg1 sulfate 1530:1536 chondroitin sulfate 1518:1536 chondroitin sulfate 1518:1536 The release kinetics was modulated by amount of CTT loaded into the hydrogel, and using chondroitin sulfate and heparin that can interact with CTT and the hydrogel. 28731675 2 24 theme cardiac 541:547 arg1 increase 558:565 cardiac function increase 541:565 cardiac function increase 541:565 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 2 25 theme degradation 431:441 arg1 Attenuation 404:414 Attenuation 404:414 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI 404:466 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 5 26 theme ECM 1028:1030 arg1 degradation 1032:1042 MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation 1013:1042 MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation 1013:1042 To address these limitations, we have developed a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation. 28731675 4 27 theme dose-limiting 780:792 arg1 effects 799:805 dose-limiting side effects 780:805 dose-limiting side effects 780:805 Current preclinical approaches have shown limited efficacy because of low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis. 28731675 2 28 theme cardiac 419:425 arg1 degradation 431:441 cardiac ECM degradation 419:441 cardiac ECM degradation 419:441 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 0 29 theme Sustained 0:8 arg1 Release 10:16 Sustained Release 0:16 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor 0:72 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor to Attenuate Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Improve Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. 28731675 2 30 theme MI 465:466 arg1 stage 456:460 the early stage 446:460 the early stage of MI 446:466 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 4 31 theme drug 737:740 arg1 dosage 742:747 low drug dosage 733:747 low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis 733:827 Current preclinical approaches have shown limited efficacy because of low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis. 28731675 2 32 theme tissue 498:503 arg1 properties 516:525 tissue mechanical properties 498:525 tissue mechanical properties 498:525 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 8 33 theme hydrogen 1383:1390 arg1 bonding 1392:1398 the strong hydrogen bonding 1372:1398 the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydrogel and CTT 1372:1427 The system was able to release low molecular weight CTT over 4 weeks possibly due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydrogel and CTT. 28731675 11 34 theme similar 1900:1906 arg1 composition 1888:1898 collagen composition 1879:1898 collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue 1879:1941 After it was injected into the infarcted hearts for 4 weeks, the released CTT efficiently prevented cardiac ECM degradation as it not only increased tissue thickness but also preserved collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue. 28731675 0 35 theme Peptide-Based 23:35 arg1 Metalloproteinase-2 44:62 a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 21:62 a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor 21:72 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor to Attenuate Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Improve Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. 28731675 6 36 theme injectable 1072:1081 arg1 gelation 1101:1108 an injectable, degradable, fast gelation 1069:1108 an injectable, degradable, fast gelation 1069:1108 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 0 37 theme Metalloproteinase-2 44:62 arg1 Inhibitor 64:72 a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor 21:72 a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor 21:72 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor to Attenuate Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Improve Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. 28731675 1 38 theme mechanical 338:347 arg1 properties 349:358 tissue mechanical properties 331:358 tissue mechanical properties 331:358 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 6 39 theme specific 1153:1160 arg1 CTTHWGFTLC 1181:1190 peptide CTTHWGFTLC 1173:1190 peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT) 1173:1196 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 6 39 theme specific 1153:1160 arg1 inhibitor 1162:1170 a MMP-2 specific inhibitor 1145:1170 a MMP-2 specific inhibitor 1145:1170 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 14 40 theme cardiac 2239:2245 arg1 function 2247:2254 cardiac function 2239:2254 cardiac function 2239:2254 These results demonstrate that the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system has potential to efficiently reduce adverse myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac function. 28731675 2 41 from stage 456:460 arg1 Attenuation 404:414 Attenuation 404:414 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI 404:466 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 7 42 theme hydrogel 1224:1231 arg1 use 1203:1205 The use 1199:1205 The use of fast gelation hydrogel 1199:1231 The use of fast gelation hydrogel allowed to completely retain CTT in the heart tissue. 28731675 1 43 theme upregulated 259:269 arg1 MMPs 298:301 upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 259:302 upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 259:319 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 6 44 theme thermosensitive 1115:1129 arg1 hydrogel 1131:1138 thermosensitive hydrogel 1115:1138 thermosensitive hydrogel 1115:1138 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 14 45 theme myocardial 2205:2214 arg1 remodeling 2216:2225 adverse myocardial remodeling 2197:2225 adverse myocardial remodeling 2197:2225 These results demonstrate that the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system has potential to efficiently reduce adverse myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac function. 28731675 1 46 theme metalloproteinases 278:295 arg1 MMPs 298:301 upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 259:302 upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 259:319 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 5 47 theme delivery 896:903 arg1 system 905:910 a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 878:910 a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation 878:1042 To address these limitations, we have developed a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation. 28731675 4 48 theme limited 705:711 arg1 efficacy 713:720 limited efficacy 705:720 limited efficacy 705:720 Current preclinical approaches have shown limited efficacy because of low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis. 28731675 9 49 theme release 1434:1440 arg1 kinetics 1442:1449 The release kinetics 1430:1449 The release kinetics 1430:1449 The release kinetics was modulated by amount of CTT loaded into the hydrogel, and using chondroitin sulfate and heparin that can interact with CTT and the hydrogel. 28731675 4 50 theme preclinical 671:681 arg1 approaches 683:692 Current preclinical approaches 663:692 Current preclinical approaches 663:692 Current preclinical approaches have shown limited efficacy because of low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis. 28731675 14 51 theme delivery 2145:2152 arg1 system 2154:2159 the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 2115:2159 the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 2115:2159 These results demonstrate that the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system has potential to efficiently reduce adverse myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac function. 28731675 11 52 theme released 1759:1766 arg1 CTT 1768:1770 the released CTT 1755:1770 the released CTT 1755:1770 After it was injected into the infarcted hearts for 4 weeks, the released CTT efficiently prevented cardiac ECM degradation as it not only increased tissue thickness but also preserved collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue. 28731675 11 53 theme heart 1930:1934 arg1 tissue 1936:1941 the normal heart tissue 1919:1941 the normal heart tissue 1919:1941 After it was injected into the infarcted hearts for 4 weeks, the released CTT efficiently prevented cardiac ECM degradation as it not only increased tissue thickness but also preserved collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue. 28731675 5 54 theme MMP-2 880:884 arg1 system 905:910 a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 878:910 a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation 878:1042 To address these limitations, we have developed a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation. 28731675 14 55 theme MMP-2 2129:2133 arg1 system 2154:2159 the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 2115:2159 the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 2115:2159 These results demonstrate that the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system has potential to efficiently reduce adverse myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac function. 28731675 3 56 theme ECM 620:622 arg1 degradation 624:634 cardiac ECM degradation 612:634 cardiac ECM degradation 612:634 Yet the strategy for efficiently preventing cardiac ECM degradation remains to be established. 28731675 5 57 theme infarcted 952:960 arg1 hearts 962:967 infarcted hearts 952:967 infarcted hearts 952:967 To address these limitations, we have developed a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation. 28731675 11 58 theme cardiac 1794:1800 arg1 degradation 1806:1816 cardiac ECM degradation 1794:1816 cardiac ECM degradation 1794:1816 After it was injected into the infarcted hearts for 4 weeks, the released CTT efficiently prevented cardiac ECM degradation as it not only increased tissue thickness but also preserved collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue. 28731675 8 59 dep hydrogel 1412:1419 arg1 the 1408:1410 the 1408:1410 the 1408:1410 The system was able to release low molecular weight CTT over 4 weeks possibly due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydrogel and CTT. 28731675 4 60 theme heart 766:770 arg1 tissue 772:777 the heart tissue 762:777 the heart tissue 762:777 Current preclinical approaches have shown limited efficacy because of low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis. 28731675 7 61 theme heart 1273:1277 arg1 tissue 1279:1284 the heart tissue 1269:1284 the heart tissue 1269:1284 The use of fast gelation hydrogel allowed to completely retain CTT in the heart tissue. 28731675 4 62 theme low 733:735 arg1 dosage 742:747 low drug dosage 733:747 low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis 733:827 Current preclinical approaches have shown limited efficacy because of low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis. 28731675 0 63 theme Cardiac 95:101 arg1 Remodeling 103:112 Adverse Cardiac Remodeling 87:112 Adverse Cardiac Remodeling 87:112 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor to Attenuate Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Improve Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. 28731675 1 64 theme myocardial 186:195 arg1 MI 209:210 MI 209:210 MI 209:210 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 1 64 theme myocardial 186:195 arg1 infarction 197:206 myocardial infarction 186:206 myocardial infarction (MI) 186:211 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 2 65 theme mechanical 505:514 arg1 properties 516:525 tissue mechanical properties 498:525 tissue mechanical properties 498:525 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 1 66 dep MMPs 298:301 arg1 MMP-2 315:319 MMP-2 315:319 upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 259:319 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 8 67 theme molecular 1322:1330 arg1 weight 1332:1337 low molecular weight 1318:1337 low molecular weight CTT over 4 weeks 1318:1354 The system was able to release low molecular weight CTT over 4 weeks possibly due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydrogel and CTT. 28731675 7 68 theme fast 1210:1213 arg1 hydrogel 1224:1231 fast gelation hydrogel 1210:1231 fast gelation hydrogel 1210:1231 The use of fast gelation hydrogel allowed to completely retain CTT in the heart tissue. 28731675 1 69 theme cardiac 372:378 arg1 deterioration 389:401 cardiac function deterioration 372:401 cardiac function deterioration 372:401 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 2 70 theme function 549:556 arg1 increase 558:565 cardiac function increase 541:565 cardiac function increase 541:565 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 6 71 dep injectable 1072:1081 arg1 degradable 1084:1093 degradable 1084:1093 degradable 1084:1093 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 6 71 dep injectable 1072:1081 arg1 fast 1096:1099 fast 1096:1099 fast 1096:1099 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 0 72 theme Cardiac 126:132 arg1 Function 134:141 Cardiac Function 126:141 Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction 126:173 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor to Attenuate Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Improve Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. 28731675 5 73 theme MMP-2-mediated 1013:1026 arg1 degradation 1032:1042 MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation 1013:1042 MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation 1013:1042 To address these limitations, we have developed a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation. 28731675 4 74 theme cardiac 812:818 arg1 fibrosis 820:827 cardiac fibrosis 812:827 cardiac fibrosis 812:827 Current preclinical approaches have shown limited efficacy because of low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis. 28731675 2 75 theme ECM 427:429 arg1 degradation 431:441 cardiac ECM degradation 419:441 cardiac ECM degradation 419:441 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 13 76 theme delivery 2035:2042 arg1 system 2044:2049 the delivery system 2031:2049 the delivery system 2031:2049 Importantly, the delivery system did not induce cardiac fibrosis. 28731675 5 77 theme MI 987:988 arg1 stage 978:982 early stage 972:982 early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation 972:1042 To address these limitations, we have developed a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation. 28731675 4 78 theme side 794:797 arg1 effects 799:805 dose-limiting side effects 780:805 dose-limiting side effects 780:805 Current preclinical approaches have shown limited efficacy because of low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis. 28731675 2 79 theme early 450:454 arg1 stage 456:460 the early stage 446:460 the early stage of MI 446:466 Attenuation of cardiac ECM degradation at the early stage of MI has the potential to preserve tissue mechanical properties, resulting in cardiac function increase. 28731675 0 80 theme Matrix 37:42 arg1 Metalloproteinase-2 44:62 a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 21:62 a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor 21:72 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor to Attenuate Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Improve Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. 28731675 1 81 theme extracellular 229:241 arg1 ECM 251:253 ECM 251:253 ECM 251:253 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 1 81 theme extracellular 229:241 arg1 matrix 243:248 extracellular matrix 229:248 extracellular matrix (ECM) 229:254 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 11 82 theme collagen 1879:1886 arg1 composition 1888:1898 collagen composition 1879:1898 collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue 1879:1941 After it was injected into the infarcted hearts for 4 weeks, the released CTT efficiently prevented cardiac ECM degradation as it not only increased tissue thickness but also preserved collagen composition similar to that in the normal heart tissue. 28731675 8 83 theme strong 1376:1381 arg1 bonding 1392:1398 the strong hydrogen bonding 1372:1398 the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydrogel and CTT 1372:1427 The system was able to release low molecular weight CTT over 4 weeks possibly due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydrogel and CTT. 28731675 0 84 theme Inhibitor 64:72 arg1 Release 10:16 Sustained Release 0:16 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor 0:72 Sustained Release of a Peptide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor to Attenuate Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Improve Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. 28731675 1 85 theme tissue 331:336 arg1 properties 349:358 tissue mechanical properties 331:358 tissue mechanical properties 331:358 Following myocardial infarction (MI), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by upregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 decreases tissue mechanical properties, leading to cardiac function deterioration. 28731675 6 86 theme MMP-2 1147:1151 arg1 CTTHWGFTLC 1181:1190 peptide CTTHWGFTLC 1173:1190 peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT) 1173:1196 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 6 86 theme MMP-2 1147:1151 arg1 inhibitor 1162:1170 a MMP-2 specific inhibitor 1145:1170 a MMP-2 specific inhibitor 1145:1170 The system was based on an injectable, degradable, fast gelation, and thermosensitive hydrogel, and a MMP-2 specific inhibitor, peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT). 28731675 14 87 contain has 2161:2163 arg2 potential 2165:2173 potential 2165:2173 potential 2165:2173 These results demonstrate that the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system has potential to efficiently reduce adverse myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac function. 28731675 14 87 contain has 2161:2163 arg1 system 2154:2159 the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 2115:2159 the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 2115:2159 These results demonstrate that the developed MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system has potential to efficiently reduce adverse myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac function. 28731675 12 88 theme cardiac 2000:2006 arg1 function 2008:2015 cardiac function 2000:2015 cardiac function 2000:2015 In addition, the delivery system significantly improved cardiac function. 28731675 5 89 theme inhibitor 886:894 arg1 system 905:910 a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system 878:910 a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation 878:1042 To address these limitations, we have developed a MMP-2 inhibitor delivery system that can be specifically delivered into infarcted hearts at early stage of MI to efficiently prevent MMP-2-mediated ECM degradation. 28731675 4 90 theme Current 663:669 arg1 approaches 683:692 Current preclinical approaches 663:692 Current preclinical approaches 663:692 Current preclinical approaches have shown limited efficacy because of low drug dosage allocated to the heart tissue, dose-limiting side effects, and cardiac fibrosis. 28820123 9 0 theme differential 894:905 arg1 properties 921:930 differential physiological properties 894:930 differential physiological properties 894:930 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 3 1 theme putida 463:468 arg1 similarity 489:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 3 1 theme putida 463:468 arg1 3666T 475:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T 437:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity) 437:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 9 2 theme name 1036:1039 arg1 sp 1063:1064 the name Laceyella thermophila sp 1032:1064 the name Laceyella thermophila sp 1032:1064 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 4 3 theme white 527:531 arg1 mycelium 540:547 white aerial mycelium 527:547 white aerial mycelium 527:547 Strain YIM 79486T formed white aerial mycelium and brown substrate mycelium. 28820123 3 4 theme 16S 294:296 arg1 analysis 317:324 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 294:324 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 294:324 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 2 5 theme themophilic 93:103 arg1 bacterium 105:113 A novel themophilic bacterium 85:113 A novel themophilic bacterium 85:113 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 3 6 theme KCTC 470:473 arg1 similarity 489:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 3 6 theme KCTC 470:473 arg1 3666T 475:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T 437:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity) 437:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 9 7 theme Laceyella 1041:1049 arg1 sp 1063:1064 the name Laceyella thermophila sp 1032:1064 the name Laceyella thermophila sp 1032:1064 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 3 8 theme monophyletic 413:424 arg1 clade 426:430 a monophyletic clade 411:430 a monophyletic clade 411:430 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 2 9 theme novel 87:91 arg1 bacterium 105:113 A novel themophilic bacterium 85:113 A novel themophilic bacterium 85:113 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 5 10 theme short 616:620 arg1 sporophores 622:632 short sporophores 616:632 short sporophores 616:632 Abundant endospores were produced on short sporophores. 28820123 8 11 theme G+C 760:762 arg1 % 815:815 47.8 mol% 807:815 47.8 mol% 807:815 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T was 47.8 mol%. 28820123 8 11 theme G+C 760:762 arg1 content 764:770 The genomic DNA G+C content 744:770 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T 744:801 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T was 47.8 mol%. 28820123 7 12 theme predominant 699:709 arg1 MK-9 729:732 MK-9 729:732 MK-9 729:732 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9 and MK-8. 28820123 7 12 theme predominant 699:709 arg1 menaquinones 711:722 The predominant menaquinones 695:722 The predominant menaquinones 695:722 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9 and MK-8. 28820123 2 13 theme south-west 245:254 arg1 county 220:225 county 220:225 county 220:225 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 2 13 theme south-west 245:254 arg1 China 256:260 south-west China 245:260 south-west China 245:260 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 4 14 theme aerial 533:538 arg1 mycelium 540:547 white aerial mycelium 527:547 white aerial mycelium 527:547 Strain YIM 79486T formed white aerial mycelium and brown substrate mycelium. 28820123 3 15 theme sequence 308:315 arg1 analysis 317:324 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 294:324 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 294:324 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 9 16 theme low 827:829 arg1 data 853:856 low DNA-DNA hybridization data 827:856 low DNA-DNA hybridization data 827:856 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 3 17 theme 98.7  482:486 arg1 % 487:487 % 487:487 % 487:487 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 8 18 theme strain 785:790 arg1 79486T 796:801 strain YIM 79486T 785:801 strain YIM 79486T 785:801 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T was 47.8 mol%. 28820123 2 19 theme YIM 127:129 arg1 79486T 131:136 YIM 79486T 127:136 YIM 79486T 127:136 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 5 20 theme Abundant 579:586 arg1 endospores 588:597 Abundant endospores 579:597 Abundant endospores 579:597 Abundant endospores were produced on short sporophores. 28820123 3 21 theme % 487:487 arg1 similarity 489:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 3 21 theme % 487:487 arg1 3666T 475:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T 437:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity) 437:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 9 22 theme novel 980:984 arg1 species 986:992 a novel species 978:992 a novel species 978:992 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 9 23 theme strain 933:938 arg1 79486T 944:949 strain YIM 79486T 933:949 strain YIM 79486T 933:949 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 9 24 theme physiological 907:919 arg1 properties 921:930 differential physiological properties 894:930 differential physiological properties 894:930 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 1 25 theme hot 73:75 arg1 spring 77:82 a hot spring 71:82 a hot spring 71:82 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring. 28820123 2 26 from spring 200:205 arg1 county 220:225 county 220:225 county 220:225 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 2 26 from spring 200:205 arg1 province 235:242 province 235:242 province 235:242 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 2 26 from spring 200:205 arg1 China 256:260 south-west China 245:260 south-west China 245:260 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 3 27 theme genus 384:388 arg1 Laceyella 390:398 the genus Laceyella 380:398 the genus Laceyella 380:398 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 0 28 theme Laceyella 0:8 arg1 thermophila 10:20 Laceyella thermophila 0:20 Laceyella thermophila 0:20 Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 4 29 theme Strain 502:507 arg1 79486T 513:518 Strain YIM 79486T 502:518 Strain YIM 79486T 502:518 Strain YIM 79486T formed white aerial mycelium and brown substrate mycelium. 28820123 6 30 contain contained 659:667 arg1 peptidoglycan 645:657 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 635:657 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 635:657 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28820123 6 30 contain contained 659:667 arg2 acid 689:692 meso-diaminopimelic acid 669:692 meso-diaminopimelic acid 669:692 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28820123 3 31 theme strain 340:345 arg1 79486T 351:356 strain YIM 79486T 340:356 strain YIM 79486T 340:356 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 9 32 theme DNA-DNA 831:837 arg1 data 853:856 low DNA-DNA hybridization data 827:856 low DNA-DNA hybridization data 827:856 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 3 33 theme YIM 347:349 arg1 79486T 351:356 strain YIM 79486T 340:356 strain YIM 79486T 340:356 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 9 34 theme hybridization 839:851 arg1 data 853:856 low DNA-DNA hybridization data 827:856 low DNA-DNA hybridization data 827:856 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 11 35 theme 2015040T=NBRC 1125:1137 arg1 110772T 1139:1145 =CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T 1116:1145 =CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T 1116:1145 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 11 35 theme 2015040T=NBRC 1125:1137 arg1 79486T 1108:1113 YIM 79486T 1104:1113 YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T) 1104:1146 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 6 36 theme Cell-wall 635:643 arg1 peptidoglycan 645:657 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 635:657 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 635:657 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28820123 11 37 theme type 1089:1092 arg1 strain 1094:1099 The type strain 1085:1099 The type strain 1085:1099 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 11 37 theme type 1089:1092 arg1 79486T 1108:1113 YIM 79486T 1104:1113 YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T) 1104:1146 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 4 38 theme YIM 509:511 arg1 79486T 513:518 Strain YIM 79486T 502:518 Strain YIM 79486T 502:518 Strain YIM 79486T formed white aerial mycelium and brown substrate mycelium. 28820123 11 39 theme YIM 1104:1106 arg1 strain 1094:1099 The type strain 1085:1099 The type strain 1085:1099 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 11 39 theme YIM 1104:1106 arg1 79486T 1108:1113 YIM 79486T 1104:1113 YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T) 1104:1146 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 11 39 theme YIM 1104:1106 arg1 110772T 1139:1145 =CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T 1116:1145 =CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T 1116:1145 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 6 40 theme meso-diaminopimelic 669:687 arg1 acid 689:692 meso-diaminopimelic acid 669:692 meso-diaminopimelic acid 669:692 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28820123 2 41 attach isolated 143:150 arg1 sample 168:173 a sediment sample 157:173 a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China 157:260 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 2 41 attach isolated 143:150 arg2 bacterium 105:113 A novel themophilic bacterium 85:113 A novel themophilic bacterium 85:113 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 9 42 theme YIM 940:942 arg1 79486T 944:949 strain YIM 79486T 933:949 strain YIM 79486T 933:949 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 9 43 theme chemotaxonomic 859:872 arg1 characteristics 874:888 chemotaxonomic characteristics 859:888 chemotaxonomic characteristics 859:888 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 2 44 theme hot 196:198 arg1 spring 200:205 Jinze hot spring 190:205 Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China 190:260 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 3 45 theme strain 446:451 arg1 similarity 489:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 3 45 theme strain 446:451 arg1 3666T 475:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T 437:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity) 437:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 9 46 theme genus 1005:1009 arg1 Laceyella 1011:1019 the genus Laceyella 1001:1019 the genus Laceyella 1001:1019 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 2 47 theme Jinze 190:194 arg1 spring 200:205 Jinze hot spring 190:205 Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China 190:260 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 3 48 theme Laceyella 453:461 arg1 similarity 489:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 3 48 theme Laceyella 453:461 arg1 3666T 475:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T 437:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity) 437:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 8 49 theme YIM 792:794 arg1 79486T 796:801 strain YIM 79486T 785:801 strain YIM 79486T 785:801 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T was 47.8 mol%. 28820123 11 50 theme =CCTC 1116:1120 arg1 110772T 1139:1145 =CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T 1116:1145 =CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T 1116:1145 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 11 50 theme =CCTC 1116:1120 arg1 79486T 1108:1113 YIM 79486T 1104:1113 YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T) 1104:1146 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 9 51 theme thermophila 1051:1061 arg1 sp 1063:1064 the name Laceyella thermophila sp 1032:1064 the name Laceyella thermophila sp 1032:1064 Based on low DNA-DNA hybridization data, chemotaxonomic characteristics and differential physiological properties, strain YIM 79486T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 11 52 theme AB 1122:1123 arg1 110772T 1139:1145 =CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T 1116:1145 =CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T 1116:1145 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 11 52 theme AB 1122:1123 arg1 79486T 1108:1113 YIM 79486T 1104:1113 YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T) 1104:1146 The type strain is YIM 79486T (=CCTC AB 2015040T=NBRC 110772T). 28820123 4 53 theme brown 553:557 arg1 mycelium 569:576 brown substrate mycelium 553:576 brown substrate mycelium 553:576 Strain YIM 79486T formed white aerial mycelium and brown substrate mycelium. 28820123 3 54 theme Phylogenetic 263:274 arg1 analysis 276:283 Phylogenetic analysis 263:283 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 263:324 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 0 55 dep sp 22:23 arg1 thermophila 10:20 Laceyella thermophila 0:20 Laceyella thermophila 0:20 Laceyella thermophila sp. 28820123 3 56 theme type 441:444 arg1 similarity 489:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 98.7 % similarity 482:498 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 3 56 theme type 441:444 arg1 3666T 475:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T 437:479 the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity) 437:499 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 8 57 theme genomic 748:754 arg1 % 815:815 47.8 mol% 807:815 47.8 mol% 807:815 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T was 47.8 mol%. 28820123 8 57 theme genomic 748:754 arg1 content 764:770 The genomic DNA G+C content 744:770 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T 744:801 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T was 47.8 mol%. 28820123 3 58 theme rRNA 298:301 arg1 analysis 317:324 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 294:324 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 294:324 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 2 59 theme sediment 159:166 arg1 sample 168:173 a sediment sample 157:173 a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China 157:260 A novel themophilic bacterium, designated YIM 79486T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Jinze hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. 28820123 8 60 theme 47.8 mol 807:814 arg1 % 815:815 47.8 mol% 807:815 47.8 mol% 807:815 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T was 47.8 mol%. 28820123 8 60 theme 47.8 mol 807:814 arg1 content 764:770 The genomic DNA G+C content 744:770 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T 744:801 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T was 47.8 mol%. 28820123 3 61 theme gene 303:306 arg1 analysis 317:324 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 294:324 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 294:324 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 79486T should be assigned to the genus Laceyella and formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain Laceyella putida KCTC 3666T (98.7 % similarity). 28820123 1 62 theme thermophilic 34:45 arg1 bacterium 47:55 a thermophilic bacterium 32:55 a thermophilic bacterium 32:55 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring. 28820123 1 62 theme thermophilic 34:45 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring. 28820123 8 63 theme DNA 756:758 arg1 % 815:815 47.8 mol% 807:815 47.8 mol% 807:815 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T was 47.8 mol%. 28820123 8 63 theme DNA 756:758 arg1 content 764:770 The genomic DNA G+C content 744:770 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T 744:801 The genomic DNA G+C content observed for strain YIM 79486T was 47.8 mol%. 28820123 4 64 theme substrate 559:567 arg1 mycelium 569:576 brown substrate mycelium 553:576 brown substrate mycelium 553:576 Strain YIM 79486T formed white aerial mycelium and brown substrate mycelium. 27902241 3 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 303:321 arg1 rods 361:364 Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming rods 303:364 Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming rods arranged in single cells, pairs or short chains 303:412 The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming rods arranged in single cells, pairs or short chains. 27902241 3 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 303:321 arg1 strains 290:296 The strains 286:296 The strains 286:296 The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming rods arranged in single cells, pairs or short chains. 27902241 5 1 theme gene 739:742 arg1 identical 775:783 identical 775:783 identical 775:783 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 5 1 theme gene 739:742 arg1 sequences 744:752 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 726:752 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates 726:768 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 4 2 from diameter 503:510 arg1 0.5-1.5 mm 489:498 0.5-1.5 mm 489:498 0.5-1.5 mm 489:498 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 5 3 theme sequence 801:808 arg1 similarity 810:819 the highest sequence similarity 789:819 the highest sequence similarity (97 %) 789:826 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 5 3 theme sequence 801:808 arg1 % 825:825 97 % 822:825 97 % 822:825 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 5 4 theme type 845:848 arg1 strains 850:856 the type strains 841:856 the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis 841:914 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 6 5 theme related 955:961 arg1 species 963:969 related species 955:969 related species of the genus Lactobacilluson 955:998 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 2 6 theme molecular 102:110 arg1 studies 112:118 Biochemical and molecular studies 86:118 Biochemical and molecular studies 86:118 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 2 7 theme intestinal 187:196 arg1 contents 198:205 the intestinal contents 183:205 the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA 183:283 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 6 8 theme production 1050:1059 arg1 profiles 1076:1083 carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles 1013:1083 carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles 1013:1083 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 10 9 theme Lactobacillus 1347:1359 arg1 species 1326:1332 a novel species 1318:1332 a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp 1318:1402 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 4 10 from 0.5-1.5 mm 489:498 arg1 diameter 503:510 diameter 503:510 diameter 503:510 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 10 11 theme chemotaxonomic 1268:1281 arg1 information 1283:1293 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information 1239:1293 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information 1239:1293 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 1 12 theme Northern 45:52 arg1 Bobwhite 54:61 Northern Bobwhite 45:61 Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) 45:83 nov., isolated from Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). 27902241 10 13 theme phylogenetic 1251:1262 arg1 information 1283:1293 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information 1239:1293 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information 1239:1293 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 5 14 theme taiwanensis 904:914 arg1 strains 850:856 the type strains 841:856 the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis 841:914 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 2 15 theme unknown 143:149 arg1 strains 161:167 five unknown bacterial strains 138:167 five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA 138:283 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 6 16 theme profiles 1076:1083 arg1 basis 1004:1008 the basis 1000:1008 the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles 1000:1083 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 10 17 theme genus 1341:1345 arg1 Lactobacillus 1347:1359 the genus Lactobacillus 1337:1359 the genus Lactobacillus 1337:1359 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 10 18 theme Lactobacillus 1380:1392 arg1 sp 1401:1402 the name Lactobacillus colini sp 1371:1402 the name Lactobacillus colini sp 1371:1402 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 6 19 theme genus 978:982 arg1 Lactobacilluson 984:998 the genus Lactobacilluson 974:998 the genus Lactobacilluson 974:998 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 4 20 theme irregular 637:645 arg1 opaque 653:658 opaque 653:658 opaque 653:658 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 4 20 theme irregular 637:645 arg1 1-1.5 mm 678:685 1-1.5 mm 678:685 1-1.5 mm 678:685 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 4 20 theme irregular 637:645 arg1 edge 647:650 irregular edge 637:650 irregular edge 637:650 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 10 21 theme name 1375:1378 arg1 sp 1401:1402 the name Lactobacillus colini sp 1371:1402 the name Lactobacillus colini sp 1371:1402 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 10 22 theme colini 1394:1399 arg1 sp 1401:1402 the name Lactobacillus colini sp 1371:1402 the name Lactobacillus colini sp 1371:1402 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 2 23 theme western 266:272 arg1 USA 281:283 USA 281:283 USA 281:283 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 2 23 theme western 266:272 arg1 Texas 274:278 western Texas 266:278 western Texas 266:278 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 8 24 theme G+C 1139:1141 arg1 content 1143:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content is 35.6 mol%. 27902241 8 24 theme G+C 1139:1141 arg1 % 1162:1162 35.6 mol% 1154:1162 35.6 mol% 1154:1162 The DNA G+C content is 35.6 mol%. 27902241 8 25 theme DNA 1135:1137 arg1 content 1143:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content is 35.6 mol%. 27902241 8 25 theme DNA 1135:1137 arg1 % 1162:1162 35.6 mol% 1154:1162 35.6 mol% 1154:1162 The DNA G+C content is 35.6 mol%. 27902241 6 26 theme fermentation 1026:1037 arg1 profiles 1076:1083 carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles 1013:1083 carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles 1013:1083 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 0 27 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 colini 14:19 Lactobacillus colini 0:19 Lactobacillus colini 0:19 Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 10 28 theme novel 1320:1324 arg1 species 1326:1332 a novel species 1318:1332 a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp 1318:1402 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 5 29 theme johnsonii 887:895 arg1 strains 850:856 the type strains 841:856 the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis 841:914 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 6 30 theme carbohydrate 1013:1024 arg1 fermentation 1026:1037 carbohydrate fermentation 1013:1037 carbohydrate fermentation 1013:1037 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 3 31 theme single 378:383 arg1 cells 385:389 single cells 378:389 single cells 378:389 The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming rods arranged in single cells, pairs or short chains. 27902241 3 32 dep Gram-stain-positive 303:321 arg1 catalase-negative 324:340 catalase-negative 324:340 catalase-negative 324:340 The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming rods arranged in single cells, pairs or short chains. 27902241 3 32 dep Gram-stain-positive 303:321 arg1 non-spore-forming 343:359 non-spore-forming 343:359 non-spore-forming 343:359 The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming rods arranged in single cells, pairs or short chains. 27902241 9 33 theme Major 1165:1169 arg1 acids 1186:1190 Major cellular fatty acids 1165:1190 Major cellular fatty acids 1165:1190 Major cellular fatty acids are C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. 27902241 12 34 theme =DSM 1454:1457 arg1 111144 L1T 1442:1451 111144 L1T 1442:1451 111144 L1T (=DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T) 1442:1478 The type strain is 111144 L1T (=DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T). 27902241 12 34 theme =DSM 1454:1457 arg1 21086T 1472:1477 =DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T 1454:1477 =DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T 1454:1477 The type strain is 111144 L1T (=DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T). 27902241 2 35 dep Bobwhites 219:227 arg1 virginianus 238:248 Colinus virginianus 230:248 Colinus virginianus 230:248 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 5 36 theme highest 793:799 arg1 similarity 810:819 the highest sequence similarity 789:819 the highest sequence similarity (97 %) 789:826 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 5 36 theme highest 793:799 arg1 % 825:825 97 % 822:825 97 % 822:825 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 6 37 from species 963:969 arg1 basis 1004:1008 the basis 1000:1008 the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles 1000:1083 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 9 38 theme cellular 1171:1178 arg1 acids 1186:1190 Major cellular fatty acids 1165:1190 Major cellular fatty acids 1165:1190 Major cellular fatty acids are C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. 27902241 4 39 theme MRS 610:612 arg1 agar 614:617 MRS agar 610:617 MRS agar 610:617 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 4 40 theme alpha-haemolysis 542:557 arg1 zone 534:537 a zone 532:537 a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h 532:723 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 9 41 theme fatty 1180:1184 arg1 acids 1186:1190 Major cellular fatty acids 1165:1190 Major cellular fatty acids 1165:1190 Major cellular fatty acids are C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. 27902241 6 42 theme enzymatic 1040:1048 arg1 production 1050:1059 enzymatic production 1040:1059 enzymatic production 1040:1059 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 2 43 theme Biochemical 86:96 arg1 studies 112:118 Biochemical and molecular studies 86:118 Biochemical and molecular studies 86:118 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 8 44 theme 35.6 mol 1154:1161 arg1 content 1143:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content is 35.6 mol%. 27902241 8 44 theme 35.6 mol 1154:1161 arg1 % 1162:1162 35.6 mol% 1154:1162 35.6 mol% 1154:1162 The DNA G+C content is 35.6 mol%. 27902241 4 45 dep incubation 568:577 arg1 umbonate 623:630 umbonate 623:630 umbonate 623:630 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 6 46 theme Lactobacilluson 984:998 arg1 species 963:969 related species 955:969 related species of the genus Lactobacilluson 955:998 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 5 47 theme isolates 761:768 arg1 identical 775:783 identical 775:783 identical 775:783 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 5 47 theme isolates 761:768 arg1 sequences 744:752 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 726:752 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates 726:768 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 12 48 theme type 1427:1430 arg1 111144 L1T 1442:1451 111144 L1T 1442:1451 111144 L1T (=DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T) 1442:1478 The type strain is 111144 L1T (=DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T). 27902241 12 48 theme type 1427:1430 arg1 strain 1432:1437 The type strain 1423:1437 The type strain 1423:1437 The type strain is 111144 L1T (=DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T). 27902241 2 49 theme bacterial 151:159 arg1 strains 161:167 five unknown bacterial strains 138:167 five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA 138:283 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 2 50 theme Bobwhites 219:227 arg1 contents 198:205 the intestinal contents 183:205 the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA 183:283 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 10 51 theme phenotypic 1239:1248 arg1 information 1283:1293 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information 1239:1293 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information 1239:1293 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 3 52 theme short 401:405 arg1 chains 407:412 short chains 401:412 short chains 401:412 The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming rods arranged in single cells, pairs or short chains. 27902241 4 53 with umbonate 623:630 arg1 opaque 653:658 opaque 653:658 opaque 653:658 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 4 53 with umbonate 623:630 arg1 1-1.5 mm 678:685 1-1.5 mm 678:685 1-1.5 mm 678:685 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 4 53 with umbonate 623:630 arg1 edge 647:650 irregular edge 637:650 irregular edge 637:650 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 2 54 theme Northern 210:217 arg1 Bobwhites 219:227 Northern Bobwhites 210:227 Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA 210:283 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 7 55 theme peptidoglycan 1090:1102 arg1 l-Lys-d-Asp 1112:1122 l-Lys-d-Asp 1112:1122 l-Lys-d-Asp (A4α) 1112:1128 The peptidoglycan type is l-Lys-d-Asp (A4α). 27902241 7 55 theme peptidoglycan 1090:1102 arg1 type 1104:1107 The peptidoglycan type 1086:1107 The peptidoglycan type 1086:1107 The peptidoglycan type is l-Lys-d-Asp (A4α). 27902241 5 56 theme rRNA 734:737 arg1 identical 775:783 identical 775:783 identical 775:783 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 5 56 theme rRNA 734:737 arg1 sequences 744:752 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 726:752 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates 726:768 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 5 57 theme gasseri 875:881 arg1 strains 850:856 the type strains 841:856 the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis 841:914 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 4 58 theme 37 °C. 591:596 arg1 Colonies 598:605 37 °C. Colonies 591:605 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar 591:617 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 4 59 from Colonies 415:422 arg1 agar 442:445 Columbia blood agar 427:445 Columbia blood agar 427:445 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 4 60 theme blood 436:440 arg1 agar 442:445 Columbia blood agar 427:445 Columbia blood agar 427:445 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 0 61 dep sp 21:22 arg1 colini 14:19 Lactobacillus colini 0:19 Lactobacillus colini 0:19 Lactobacillus colini sp. 27902241 1 62 dep Bobwhite 54:61 arg1 virginianus 72:82 Colinus virginianus 64:82 Colinus virginianus 64:82 nov., isolated from Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). 27902241 5 63 theme 16S 730:732 arg1 identical 775:783 identical 775:783 identical 775:783 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 5 63 theme 16S 730:732 arg1 sequences 744:752 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 726:752 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates 726:768 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. 27902241 4 64 theme Columbia 427:434 arg1 agar 442:445 Columbia blood agar 427:445 Columbia blood agar 427:445 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 2 65 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 contents 198:205 the intestinal contents 183:205 the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA 183:283 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 2 65 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 strains 161:167 five unknown bacterial strains 138:167 five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA 138:283 Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. 27902241 6 66 theme acid 1071:1074 arg1 profiles 1076:1083 carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles 1013:1083 carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles 1013:1083 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 4 67 from Colonies 598:605 arg1 agar 614:617 MRS agar 610:617 MRS agar 610:617 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 6 68 theme fatty 1065:1069 arg1 acid 1071:1074 fatty acid 1065:1074 fatty acid 1065:1074 The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. 27902241 4 69 from 1-1.5 mm 678:685 arg1 diameter 690:697 diameter 690:697 diameter 690:697 Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. 27902241 12 70 theme 101872T=KCTC 1459:1470 arg1 111144 L1T 1442:1451 111144 L1T 1442:1451 111144 L1T (=DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T) 1442:1478 The type strain is 111144 L1T (=DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T). 27902241 12 70 theme 101872T=KCTC 1459:1470 arg1 21086T 1472:1477 =DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T 1454:1477 =DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T 1454:1477 The type strain is 111144 L1T (=DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T). 24705752 14 0 dep % 1799:1799 arg1 % 1872:1872 26% 1870:1872 26% 1870:1872 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 17 1 theme sugar 2188:2192 arg1 form 2169:2172 the form 2165:2172 the form of isomerized sugar 2165:2192 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 17 2 dep form 2169:2172 arg1 probably 2153:2160 probably 2153:2160 probably 2153:2160 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 14 3 from beverages 1827:1835 arg1 children 1861:1868 Japanese children 1852:1868 Japanese children 1852:1868 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 14 3 from beverages 1827:1835 arg1 sugars 1804:1809 sugars 1804:1809 sugars from commercial beverages and snacks 1804:1846 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 14 3 from beverages 1827:1835 arg1 % 1799:1799 about 46% 1791:1799 about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks 1791:1846 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 5 4 theme sugar 569:573 arg1 tables 587:592 sugar composition tables 569:592 sugar composition tables that include not only sucrose but also glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose 569:670 However, in Cambodia and Japan, sugar composition tables that include not only sucrose but also glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose have not been available. 24705752 17 5 theme sugar 2120:2124 arg1 sugar 2120:2124 sugar 2120:2124 sugar 2120:2124 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 17 5 theme sugar 2120:2124 arg1 % 2115:2115 about 46% 2107:2115 about 46% of sugar 2107:2124 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 2 6 theme dental 225:230 arg1 obesity 239:245 obesity 239:245 obesity 239:245 There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. 24705752 2 6 theme dental 225:230 arg1 etc 257:259 diabetes etc 248:259 diabetes etc 248:259 There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. 24705752 2 6 theme dental 225:230 arg1 decay 232:236 dental decay 225:236 dental decay 225:236 There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. 24705752 7 7 from children 858:865 arg1 Japan 883:887 Japan 883:887 Japan 883:887 In this study we tried to estimate the intakes of various sugars by children in Cambodia and Japan and to determine the relationship between intake and body weight. 24705752 7 7 from children 858:865 arg1 Cambodia 870:877 Cambodia 870:877 Cambodia 870:877 In this study we tried to estimate the intakes of various sugars by children in Cambodia and Japan and to determine the relationship between intake and body weight. 24705752 8 8 dep aged 985:988 arg1 old 1009:1011 old 1009:1011 old 1009:1011 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 2 9 dep reports 177:183 arg1 contributes 210:220 contributes 210:220 contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc 210:259 There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. 24705752 7 10 theme body 942:945 arg1 weight 947:952 body weight 942:952 body weight 942:952 In this study we tried to estimate the intakes of various sugars by children in Cambodia and Japan and to determine the relationship between intake and body weight. 24705752 14 11 theme Japanese 1852:1859 arg1 children 1861:1868 Japanese children 1852:1868 Japanese children 1852:1868 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 8 12 theme h 1064:1064 arg1 method 1073:1078 the 24 h recall method 1057:1078 the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south 1057:1225 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 14 13 from snacks 1841:1846 arg1 children 1861:1868 Japanese children 1852:1868 Japanese children 1852:1868 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 14 13 from snacks 1841:1846 arg1 sugars 1804:1809 sugars 1804:1809 sugars from commercial beverages and snacks 1804:1846 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 14 13 from snacks 1841:1846 arg1 % 1799:1799 about 46% 1791:1799 about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks 1791:1846 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 8 14 theme capital 1119:1125 arg1 city 1127:1130 the capital city 1115:1130 the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south 1115:1225 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 2 15 theme research 168:175 arg1 reports 177:183 many research reports 163:183 many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc 163:259 There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. 24705752 8 16 from method 1073:1078 arg1 children 1096:1103 89 Cambodian children 1083:1103 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south 1083:1225 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 15 17 theme sugars 1918:1923 arg1 half 1906:1909 Cambodians half 1895:1909 Cambodians half of the sugars 1895:1923 This means that for Cambodians half of the sugars came from isomerized sugar made from starches. 24705752 13 18 dep range 1699:1703 arg1 % 1741:1741 less than 10% 1729:1741 less than 10% of energy intakes 1729:1759 These were within the range of WHO recommendations (less than 10% of energy intakes). 24705752 13 18 dep range 1699:1703 arg1 intakes 1753:1759 energy intakes 1746:1759 energy intakes 1746:1759 These were within the range of WHO recommendations (less than 10% of energy intakes). 24705752 3 19 from development 282:292 arg1 Cambodia 297:304 Cambodia 297:304 Cambodia 297:304 Continuing economic development in Cambodia has made it easier than before for people to consume sugars in their daily life. 24705752 8 20 dep south 1221:1225 arg1 to 1218:1219 to 1218:1219 to 1218:1219 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 16 21 theme sugar 1994:1998 arg1 intake 2000:2005 sugar intake 1994:2005 sugar intake 1994:2005 Relationships between sugar intake and body weight were not observed in both countries. 24705752 0 22 theme Japanese 46:53 arg1 children 55:62 Cambodian and Japanese children 32:62 Cambodian and Japanese children 32:62 Sugar intake and body weight in Cambodian and Japanese children. 24705752 2 23 theme sugar 197:201 arg1 intake 203:208 excess sugar intake 190:208 excess sugar intake 190:208 There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. 24705752 7 24 theme sugars 848:853 arg1 intakes 829:835 the intakes 825:835 the intakes of various sugars 825:853 In this study we tried to estimate the intakes of various sugars by children in Cambodia and Japan and to determine the relationship between intake and body weight. 24705752 15 25 theme Cambodians 1895:1904 arg1 half 1906:1909 Cambodians half 1895:1909 Cambodians half of the sugars 1895:1923 This means that for Cambodians half of the sugars came from isomerized sugar made from starches. 24705752 3 26 theme Continuing 262:271 arg1 development 282:292 Continuing economic development 262:292 Continuing economic development in Cambodia 262:304 Continuing economic development in Cambodia has made it easier than before for people to consume sugars in their daily life. 24705752 3 27 dep easier 318:323 arg1 before 330:335 before 330:335 before 330:335 Continuing economic development in Cambodia has made it easier than before for people to consume sugars in their daily life. 24705752 8 28 theme Penh 1151:1154 arg1 city 1127:1130 the capital city 1115:1130 the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south 1115:1225 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 12 29 theme 25.69 1647:1651 arg1 intake 1592:1597 the mean total sugar intake 1571:1597 the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese 1571:1624 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 29 theme 25.69 1647:1651 arg1 g 1661:1661 25.69 ± 16.16 g 1647:1661 25.69 ± 16.16 g 1647:1661 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 14 30 theme commercial 1816:1825 arg1 beverages 1827:1835 commercial beverages 1816:1835 commercial beverages 1816:1835 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 13 31 theme energy 1746:1751 arg1 intakes 1753:1759 energy intakes 1746:1759 energy intakes 1746:1759 These were within the range of WHO recommendations (less than 10% of energy intakes). 24705752 9 32 theme old 1328:1330 arg1 years 1322:1326 13 years old 1319:1330 13 years old 1319:1330 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 14 33 theme sugars 1804:1809 arg1 children 1861:1868 Japanese children 1852:1868 Japanese children 1852:1868 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 14 33 theme sugars 1804:1809 arg1 % 1799:1799 about 46% 1791:1799 about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks 1791:1846 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 14 33 theme sugars 1804:1809 arg1 sugars 1804:1809 sugars 1804:1809 sugars from commercial beverages and snacks 1804:1846 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 8 34 theme Japanese 1165:1172 arg1 children 1174:1181 151 Japanese children 1161:1181 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south 1161:1225 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 3 35 theme daily 375:379 arg1 life 381:384 their daily life 369:384 their daily life 369:384 Continuing economic development in Cambodia has made it easier than before for people to consume sugars in their daily life. 24705752 12 36 theme ± 1633:1633 arg1 g 1641:1641 28.42 ± 25.28 g 1627:1641 28.42 ± 25.28 g 1627:1641 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 36 theme ± 1633:1633 arg1 intake 1592:1597 the mean total sugar intake 1571:1597 the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese 1571:1624 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 0 37 from weight 22:27 arg1 children 55:62 Cambodian and Japanese children 32:62 Cambodian and Japanese children 32:62 Sugar intake and body weight in Cambodian and Japanese children. 24705752 3 38 dep consume 351:357 arg1 people 341:346 people 341:346 people 341:346 Continuing economic development in Cambodia has made it easier than before for people to consume sugars in their daily life. 24705752 0 39 theme Sugar 0:4 arg1 intake 6:11 Sugar intake 0:11 Sugar intake 0:11 Sugar intake and body weight in Cambodian and Japanese children. 24705752 6 40 theme composition 751:761 arg1 tables 763:768 sugar composition tables 745:768 sugar composition tables for both countries 745:787 Prior to the present nutrition surveys, we made sugar composition tables for both countries. 24705752 17 41 from intakes 2247:2253 arg1 countries 2263:2271 both countries 2258:2271 both countries 2258:2271 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 15 42 theme isomerized 1935:1944 arg1 sugar 1946:1950 isomerized sugar 1935:1950 isomerized sugar made from starches 1935:1969 This means that for Cambodians half of the sugars came from isomerized sugar made from starches. 24705752 8 43 theme Nutrition 955:963 arg1 surveys 965:971 Nutrition surveys 955:971 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old 955:1011 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 9 44 from Japan 1274:1278 arg1 weight 1239:1244 weight 1239:1244 weight 1239:1244 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 9 44 from Japan 1274:1278 arg1 Height 1228:1233 Height 1228:1233 Height 1228:1233 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 0 45 theme Cambodian 32:40 arg1 children 55:62 Cambodian and Japanese children 32:62 Cambodian and Japanese children 32:62 Sugar intake and body weight in Cambodian and Japanese children. 24705752 12 46 theme sugar 1586:1590 arg1 g 1641:1641 28.42 ± 25.28 g 1627:1641 28.42 ± 25.28 g 1627:1641 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 46 theme sugar 1586:1590 arg1 intake 1592:1597 the mean total sugar intake 1571:1597 the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese 1571:1624 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 46 theme sugar 1586:1590 arg1 g 1661:1661 25.69 ± 16.16 g 1647:1661 25.69 ± 16.16 g 1647:1661 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 47 theme total 1580:1584 arg1 g 1641:1641 28.42 ± 25.28 g 1627:1641 28.42 ± 25.28 g 1627:1641 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 47 theme total 1580:1584 arg1 intake 1592:1597 the mean total sugar intake 1571:1597 the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese 1571:1624 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 47 theme total 1580:1584 arg1 g 1661:1661 25.69 ± 16.16 g 1647:1661 25.69 ± 16.16 g 1647:1661 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 8 48 theme aged 985:988 arg1 children 976:983 children 976:983 children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old 976:1011 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 6 49 theme nutrition 718:726 arg1 surveys 728:734 the present nutrition surveys 706:734 the present nutrition surveys 706:734 Prior to the present nutrition surveys, we made sugar composition tables for both countries. 24705752 9 50 from children 1249:1256 arg1 Japan 1274:1278 Japan 1274:1278 Japan 1274:1278 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 9 50 from children 1249:1256 arg1 Cambodia 1261:1268 Cambodia 1261:1268 Cambodia 1261:1268 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 17 51 dep recommendation 2285:2298 arg1 the 2277:2279 the 2277:2279 the 2277:2279 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 13 52 theme recommendations 1712:1726 arg1 range 1699:1703 the range 1695:1703 the range of WHO recommendations 1695:1726 These were within the range of WHO recommendations (less than 10% of energy intakes). 24705752 9 53 from weight 1239:1244 arg1 Japan 1274:1278 Japan 1274:1278 Japan 1274:1278 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 9 53 from weight 1239:1244 arg1 Cambodia 1261:1268 Cambodia 1261:1268 Cambodia 1261:1268 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 17 54 theme isomerized 2177:2186 arg1 sugar 2188:2192 isomerized sugar 2177:2192 isomerized sugar 2177:2192 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 4 55 used used 482:485 arg2 sugar 409:413 isomerized sugar 398:413 isomerized sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose) made from starches 398:468 Currently, isomerized sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose) made from starches is commonly used in commercial beverages because of its low price. 24705752 17 56 theme body 2333:2336 arg1 weight 2338:2343 body weight 2333:2343 body weight 2333:2343 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 4 57 theme commercial 490:499 arg1 beverages 501:509 commercial beverages 490:509 commercial beverages 490:509 Currently, isomerized sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose) made from starches is commonly used in commercial beverages because of its low price. 24705752 14 58 from % 1799:1799 arg1 snacks 1841:1846 snacks 1841:1846 snacks 1841:1846 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 14 58 from % 1799:1799 arg1 beverages 1827:1835 commercial beverages 1816:1835 commercial beverages 1816:1835 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 9 59 theme children 1249:1256 arg1 weight 1239:1244 weight 1239:1244 weight 1239:1244 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 9 59 theme children 1249:1256 arg1 Height 1228:1233 Height 1228:1233 Height 1228:1233 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 16 60 located observed 2032:2039 arg2 Relationships 1972:1984 Relationships 1972:1984 Relationships between sugar intake and body weight 1972:2021 Relationships between sugar intake and body weight were not observed in both countries. 24705752 16 60 located observed 2032:2039 arg1 countries 2049:2057 both countries 2044:2057 both countries 2044:2057 Relationships between sugar intake and body weight were not observed in both countries. 24705752 8 61 theme recall 1066:1071 arg1 method 1073:1078 the 24 h recall method 1057:1078 the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south 1057:1225 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 11 62 from snacks 1492:1497 arg1 different 1508:1516 different 1508:1516 different 1508:1516 The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks were not different among the different gender and age. 24705752 11 62 from snacks 1492:1497 arg1 intakes 1465:1471 The sugar intakes 1455:1471 The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks 1455:1497 The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks were not different among the different gender and age. 24705752 1 63 theme adequate 136:143 arg1 amount 145:150 an adequate amount 133:150 an adequate amount 133:150 Because of the tastiness of sugars, it is easy to consume more than an adequate amount. 24705752 4 64 theme fructose 441:448 arg1 mixture 418:424 a mixture 416:424 a mixture of glucose and fructose 416:448 Currently, isomerized sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose) made from starches is commonly used in commercial beverages because of its low price. 24705752 2 65 theme diabetes 248:255 arg1 etc 257:259 diabetes etc 248:259 diabetes etc 248:259 There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. 24705752 2 65 theme diabetes 248:255 arg1 decay 232:236 dental decay 225:236 dental decay 225:236 There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. 24705752 8 66 theme nonconsecutive 1034:1047 arg1 days 1049:1052 3 nonconsecutive days 1032:1052 3 nonconsecutive days 1032:1052 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 9 67 from Cambodia 1261:1268 arg1 weight 1239:1244 weight 1239:1244 weight 1239:1244 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 9 67 from Cambodia 1261:1268 arg1 Height 1228:1233 Height 1228:1233 Height 1228:1233 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 8 68 theme Cambodian 1086:1094 arg1 children 1096:1103 89 Cambodian children 1083:1103 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south 1083:1225 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 2 69 theme excess 190:195 arg1 intake 203:208 excess sugar intake 190:208 excess sugar intake 190:208 There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. 24705752 8 70 from south 1221:1225 arg1 prefectures 1195:1205 3 prefectures 1193:1205 3 prefectures from north to south 1193:1225 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 4 71 theme isomerized 398:407 arg1 sugar 409:413 isomerized sugar 398:413 isomerized sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose) made from starches 398:468 Currently, isomerized sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose) made from starches is commonly used in commercial beverages because of its low price. 24705752 5 72 theme composition 575:585 arg1 tables 587:592 sugar composition tables 569:592 sugar composition tables that include not only sucrose but also glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose 569:670 However, in Cambodia and Japan, sugar composition tables that include not only sucrose but also glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose have not been available. 24705752 1 73 theme sugars 93:98 arg1 tastiness 80:88 the tastiness 76:88 the tastiness of sugars 76:98 Because of the tastiness of sugars, it is easy to consume more than an adequate amount. 24705752 8 74 theme 24 1061:1062 arg1 h 1064:1064 h 1064:1064 h 1064:1064 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 14 75 from children 1861:1868 arg1 snacks 1841:1846 snacks 1841:1846 snacks 1841:1846 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 14 75 from children 1861:1868 arg1 beverages 1827:1835 commercial beverages 1816:1835 commercial beverages 1816:1835 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 17 76 from fructose 2143:2150 arg1 form 2169:2172 the form 2165:2172 the form of isomerized sugar 2165:2192 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 10 77 from differences 1417:1427 arg1 BMI 1432:1434 BMI 1432:1434 BMI 1432:1434 We could not observe any differences in BMI in either country. 24705752 17 78 from glucose 2131:2137 arg1 form 2169:2172 the form 2165:2172 the form of isomerized sugar 2165:2192 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 9 79 theme old 1308:1310 arg1 years 1302:1306 10 years 1299:1306 10 years old 1299:1310 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 11 80 from beverages 1478:1486 arg1 different 1508:1516 different 1508:1516 different 1508:1516 The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks were not different among the different gender and age. 24705752 11 80 from beverages 1478:1486 arg1 intakes 1465:1471 The sugar intakes 1455:1471 The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks 1455:1497 The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks were not different among the different gender and age. 24705752 4 81 theme glucose 429:435 arg1 mixture 418:424 a mixture 416:424 a mixture of glucose and fructose 416:448 Currently, isomerized sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose) made from starches is commonly used in commercial beverages because of its low price. 24705752 8 82 theme Cambodia 1135:1142 arg1 city 1127:1130 the capital city 1115:1130 the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south 1115:1225 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 16 83 theme body 2011:2014 arg1 weight 2016:2021 body weight 2011:2021 body weight 2011:2021 Relationships between sugar intake and body weight were not observed in both countries. 24705752 5 84 from available 686:694 arg1 Japan 562:566 Japan 562:566 Japan 562:566 However, in Cambodia and Japan, sugar composition tables that include not only sucrose but also glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose have not been available. 24705752 5 84 from available 686:694 arg1 Cambodia 549:556 Cambodia 549:556 Cambodia 549:556 However, in Cambodia and Japan, sugar composition tables that include not only sucrose but also glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose have not been available. 24705752 12 85 theme ± 1653:1653 arg1 intake 1592:1597 the mean total sugar intake 1571:1597 the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese 1571:1624 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 85 theme ± 1653:1653 arg1 g 1661:1661 25.69 ± 16.16 g 1647:1661 25.69 ± 16.16 g 1647:1661 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 3 86 theme economic 273:280 arg1 development 282:292 Continuing economic development 262:292 Continuing economic development in Cambodia 262:304 Continuing economic development in Cambodia has made it easier than before for people to consume sugars in their daily life. 24705752 0 87 from intake 6:11 arg1 children 55:62 Cambodian and Japanese children 32:62 Cambodian and Japanese children 32:62 Sugar intake and body weight in Cambodian and Japanese children. 24705752 8 88 theme Phnom 1145:1149 arg1 Penh 1151:1154 Phnom Penh 1145:1154 Phnom Penh 1145:1154 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 3 89 from sugars 359:364 arg1 life 381:384 their daily life 369:384 their daily life 369:384 Continuing economic development in Cambodia has made it easier than before for people to consume sugars in their daily life. 24705752 7 90 theme various 840:846 arg1 sugars 848:853 various sugars 840:853 various sugars 840:853 In this study we tried to estimate the intakes of various sugars by children in Cambodia and Japan and to determine the relationship between intake and body weight. 24705752 17 91 theme Japanese 2206:2213 arg1 children 2215:2222 the Japanese children 2202:2222 the Japanese children 2202:2222 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 11 92 theme different 1528:1536 arg1 gender 1538:1543 the different gender 1524:1543 the different gender 1524:1543 The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks were not different among the different gender and age. 24705752 13 93 theme intakes 1753:1759 arg1 % 1741:1741 less than 10% 1729:1741 less than 10% of energy intakes 1729:1759 These were within the range of WHO recommendations (less than 10% of energy intakes). 24705752 13 93 theme intakes 1753:1759 arg1 intakes 1753:1759 energy intakes 1746:1759 energy intakes 1746:1759 These were within the range of WHO recommendations (less than 10% of energy intakes). 24705752 8 94 theme children 1174:1181 arg1 city 1127:1130 the capital city 1115:1130 the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south 1115:1225 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 0 95 theme body 17:20 arg1 weight 22:27 body weight 17:27 body weight 17:27 Sugar intake and body weight in Cambodian and Japanese children. 24705752 5 96 from Cambodia 549:556 arg1 available 686:694 available 686:694 available 686:694 However, in Cambodia and Japan, sugar composition tables that include not only sucrose but also glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose have not been available. 24705752 9 97 from Height 1228:1233 arg1 Japan 1274:1278 Japan 1274:1278 Japan 1274:1278 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 9 97 from Height 1228:1233 arg1 Cambodia 1261:1268 Cambodia 1261:1268 Cambodia 1261:1268 Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. 24705752 1 98 theme tastiness 80:88 arg1 easy 107:110 easy 107:110 easy 107:110 Because of the tastiness of sugars, it is easy to consume more than an adequate amount. 24705752 17 99 theme Cambodian 2079:2087 arg1 children 2089:2096 the Cambodian children 2075:2096 the Cambodian children 2075:2096 In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. 24705752 11 100 theme sugar 1459:1463 arg1 different 1508:1516 different 1508:1516 different 1508:1516 The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks were not different among the different gender and age. 24705752 11 100 theme sugar 1459:1463 arg1 intakes 1465:1471 The sugar intakes 1455:1471 The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks 1455:1497 The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks were not different among the different gender and age. 24705752 4 101 dep sugar 409:413 arg1 mixture 418:424 a mixture 416:424 a mixture of glucose and fructose 416:448 Currently, isomerized sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose) made from starches is commonly used in commercial beverages because of its low price. 24705752 12 102 theme 28.42 1627:1631 arg1 g 1641:1641 28.42 ± 25.28 g 1627:1641 28.42 ± 25.28 g 1627:1641 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 102 theme 28.42 1627:1631 arg1 intake 1592:1597 the mean total sugar intake 1571:1597 the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese 1571:1624 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 6 103 theme sugar 745:749 arg1 tables 763:768 sugar composition tables 745:768 sugar composition tables for both countries 745:787 Prior to the present nutrition surveys, we made sugar composition tables for both countries. 24705752 14 104 theme Cambodian 1763:1771 arg1 children 1773:1780 Cambodian children 1763:1780 Cambodian children 1763:1780 Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. 24705752 8 105 theme children 976:983 arg1 surveys 965:971 Nutrition surveys 955:971 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old 955:1011 Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. 24705752 2 106 theme many 163:166 arg1 reports 177:183 many research reports 163:183 many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc 163:259 There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. 24705752 5 107 from Japan 562:566 arg1 available 686:694 available 686:694 available 686:694 However, in Cambodia and Japan, sugar composition tables that include not only sucrose but also glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose have not been available. 24705752 12 108 theme mean 1575:1578 arg1 g 1641:1641 28.42 ± 25.28 g 1627:1641 28.42 ± 25.28 g 1627:1641 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 108 theme mean 1575:1578 arg1 intake 1592:1597 the mean total sugar intake 1571:1597 the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese 1571:1624 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 12 108 theme mean 1575:1578 arg1 g 1661:1661 25.69 ± 16.16 g 1647:1661 25.69 ± 16.16 g 1647:1661 Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. 24705752 4 109 theme low 526:528 arg1 price 530:534 its low price 522:534 its low price 522:534 Currently, isomerized sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose) made from starches is commonly used in commercial beverages because of its low price. 24705752 3 110 dep it 315:316 arg1 easier 318:323 easier 318:323 easier than before for people to consume sugars in their daily life 318:384 Continuing economic development in Cambodia has made it easier than before for people to consume sugars in their daily life. 24705752 6 111 theme present 710:716 arg1 surveys 728:734 the present nutrition surveys 706:734 the present nutrition surveys 706:734 Prior to the present nutrition surveys, we made sugar composition tables for both countries. 28678344 6 0 theme total 945:949 arg1 chemicals 967:975 major chemicals 961:975 major chemicals 961:975 Spice extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals. 28678344 6 0 theme total 945:949 arg1 amount 951:956 the total amount 941:956 the total amount of major chemicals 941:975 Spice extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals. 28678344 11 1 theme bacteria 1477:1484 arg1 growth 1456:1461 the growth 1452:1461 the growth of pathogenic bacteria 1452:1484 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 11 2 theme health 1602:1607 arg1 enhancement 1570:1580 the enhancement 1566:1580 the enhancement of gastrointestinal health 1566:1607 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 11 2 theme health 1602:1607 arg1 role 1514:1517 their potential role 1498:1517 their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota 1498:1560 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 10 3 theme selected 1229:1236 arg1 strains 1252:1258 selected Fusobacterium strains 1229:1258 selected Fusobacterium strains 1229:1258 Cinnamon, oregano, and rosemary were active against selected Fusobacterium strains and cinnamon, rosemary, and turmeric were active against selected Clostridium spp. 28678344 6 4 theme major 961:965 arg1 chemicals 967:975 major chemicals 961:975 major chemicals 961:975 Spice extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals. 28678344 6 5 theme antioxidant 899:909 arg1 capacity 911:918 high antioxidant capacity 894:918 high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals 894:975 Spice extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals. 28678344 4 6 theme Brucella 694:701 arg1 plates 708:713 Brucella agar plates 694:713 Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts 694:753 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 2 7 theme Mediterranean 293:305 arg1 oregano 307:313 Mediterranean oregano 293:313 Mediterranean oregano 293:313 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 4 8 theme intestinal 647:656 arg1 microbiota 658:667 intestinal microbiota 647:667 intestinal microbiota 647:667 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 1 9 theme spice 197:201 arg1 extracts 203:210 spice extracts 197:210 spice extracts 197:210 The objective of this study was to investigate prebiotic potential, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of spice extracts. 28678344 11 10 theme beneficial 1416:1425 arg1 bacteria 1427:1434 beneficial bacteria 1416:1434 beneficial bacteria 1416:1434 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 6 11 theme chemicals 967:975 arg1 chemicals 967:975 major chemicals 961:975 major chemicals 961:975 Spice extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals. 28678344 6 11 theme chemicals 967:975 arg1 amount 951:956 the total amount 941:956 the total amount of major chemicals 941:975 Spice extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals. 28678344 13 12 theme gut 1863:1865 arg1 microbiota 1867:1876 gut microbiota 1863:1876 gut microbiota 1863:1876 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 7 13 theme spp 1069:1071 arg1 growth 1043:1048 the growth 1039:1048 the growth of Bifidobacterium spp 1039:1071 All spice extracts, with the exception of turmeric, enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. 28678344 7 14 theme turmeric 1020:1027 arg1 exception 1007:1015 the exception 1003:1015 the exception of turmeric 1003:1027 All spice extracts, with the exception of turmeric, enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. 28678344 1 15 theme prebiotic 126:134 arg1 potential 136:144 prebiotic potential 126:144 prebiotic potential 126:144 The objective of this study was to investigate prebiotic potential, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of spice extracts. 28678344 11 16 theme intestinal 1540:1549 arg1 microbiota 1551:1560 intestinal microbiota 1540:1560 intestinal microbiota 1540:1560 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 5 17 theme compounds 779:787 arg1 total 758:762 A total 756:762 A total of 14 phenolic compounds, a piperine, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde 756:834 A total of 14 phenolic compounds, a piperine, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde were identified and quantitated. 28678344 2 18 theme black 245:249 arg1 pepper 251:256 black pepper 245:256 black pepper 245:256 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 13 19 theme disease 1902:1908 arg1 effect 1921:1926 disease preventive effect 1902:1926 disease preventive effect 1902:1926 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 4 20 theme serial 726:731 arg1 dilutions 733:741 serial dilutions 726:741 serial dilutions of extracts 726:753 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 11 21 theme gastrointestinal 1585:1600 arg1 health 1602:1607 gastrointestinal health 1585:1607 gastrointestinal health 1585:1607 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 11 22 from enhancement 1570:1580 arg1 regulation 1526:1535 the regulation 1522:1535 the regulation of intestinal microbiota 1522:1560 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 12 23 theme microbial 1757:1765 arg1 communities 1767:1777 the gut microbial communities 1749:1777 the gut microbial communities 1749:1777 The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. 28678344 10 24 theme Clostridium 1326:1336 arg1 spp 1338:1340 selected Clostridium spp 1317:1340 selected Clostridium spp 1317:1340 Cinnamon, oregano, and rosemary were active against selected Fusobacterium strains and cinnamon, rosemary, and turmeric were active against selected Clostridium spp. 28678344 13 25 theme Future 1795:1800 arg1 research 1802:1809 Future research 1795:1809 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans 1795:1954 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 0 26 theme Extracts 69:76 arg1 Potential 10:18 Prebiotic Potential 0:18 Prebiotic Potential 0:18 Prebiotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Seven Culinary Spice Extracts. 28678344 0 26 theme Extracts 69:76 arg1 Composition 33:43 Chemical Composition 24:43 Chemical Composition 24:43 Prebiotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Seven Culinary Spice Extracts. 28678344 0 27 theme Prebiotic 0:8 arg1 Potential 10:18 Prebiotic Potential 0:18 Prebiotic Potential 0:18 Prebiotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Seven Culinary Spice Extracts. 28678344 12 28 theme chemicals 1736:1744 arg1 influence 1717:1725 the potential influence 1703:1725 the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities 1703:1792 The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. 28678344 12 29 from influence 1717:1725 arg1 activities 1783:1792 activities 1783:1792 activities 1783:1792 The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. 28678344 12 29 from influence 1717:1725 arg1 communities 1767:1777 the gut microbial communities 1749:1777 the gut microbial communities 1749:1777 The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. 28678344 6 30 theme high 894:897 arg1 capacity 911:918 high antioxidant capacity 894:918 high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals 894:975 Spice extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals. 28678344 1 31 theme study 101:105 arg1 objective 83:91 The objective 79:91 The objective of this study 79:105 The objective of this study was to investigate prebiotic potential, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of spice extracts. 28678344 4 32 theme extracts 575:582 arg1 Effects 558:564 Effects 558:564 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota 558:667 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 9 33 theme selected 1146:1153 arg1 species 1168:1174 selected Ruminococcus species 1146:1174 selected Ruminococcus species 1146:1174 All spices exhibited inhibitory activity against selected Ruminococcus species. 28678344 3 34 theme antioxidant 447:457 arg1 capacity 459:466 antioxidant capacity 447:466 antioxidant capacity 447:466 Major chemical constituents were characterized by RP-HPLC-DAD method and antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring colorimetrically the extent to scavenge ABTS radical cations. 28678344 3 35 theme chemical 380:387 arg1 constituents 389:400 Major chemical constituents 374:400 Major chemical constituents 374:400 Major chemical constituents were characterized by RP-HPLC-DAD method and antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring colorimetrically the extent to scavenge ABTS radical cations. 28678344 0 36 theme Spice 63:67 arg1 Extracts 69:76 Seven Culinary Spice Extracts 48:76 Seven Culinary Spice Extracts 48:76 Prebiotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Seven Culinary Spice Extracts. 28678344 4 37 theme anaerobic 607:615 arg1 isolates 633:640 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates 604:640 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota 604:667 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 0 38 theme Culinary 54:61 arg1 Extracts 69:76 Seven Culinary Spice Extracts 48:76 Seven Culinary Spice Extracts 48:76 Prebiotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Seven Culinary Spice Extracts. 28678344 4 39 theme facultative 621:631 arg1 isolates 633:640 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates 604:640 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota 604:667 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 11 40 theme bacteria 1427:1434 arg1 growth 1406:1411 the growth 1402:1411 the growth of beneficial bacteria 1402:1434 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 11 41 theme pathogenic 1466:1475 arg1 bacteria 1477:1484 pathogenic bacteria 1466:1484 pathogenic bacteria 1466:1484 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 10 42 theme Fusobacterium 1238:1250 arg1 strains 1252:1258 selected Fusobacterium strains 1229:1258 selected Fusobacterium strains 1229:1258 Cinnamon, oregano, and rosemary were active against selected Fusobacterium strains and cinnamon, rosemary, and turmeric were active against selected Clostridium spp. 28678344 13 43 theme preventive 1910:1919 arg1 effect 1921:1926 disease preventive effect 1902:1926 disease preventive effect 1902:1926 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 3 44 theme radical 541:547 arg1 cations 549:555 ABTS radical cations 536:555 ABTS radical cations 536:555 Major chemical constituents were characterized by RP-HPLC-DAD method and antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring colorimetrically the extent to scavenge ABTS radical cations. 28678344 1 45 theme antioxidant 173:183 arg1 capacity 185:192 antioxidant capacity 173:192 antioxidant capacity 173:192 The objective of this study was to investigate prebiotic potential, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of spice extracts. 28678344 12 46 theme potential 1707:1715 arg1 influence 1717:1725 the potential influence 1703:1725 the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities 1703:1792 The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. 28678344 11 47 theme prebiotic-like 1365:1378 arg1 activity 1380:1387 prebiotic-like activity 1365:1387 prebiotic-like activity 1365:1387 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 4 48 from microbiota 658:667 arg1 viability 591:599 the viability 587:599 the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota 587:667 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 4 48 from microbiota 658:667 arg1 isolates 633:640 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates 604:640 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota 604:667 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 13 49 theme spice-induced 1838:1850 arg1 changes 1852:1858 spice-induced changes 1838:1858 spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism 1838:1896 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 13 50 from effect 1921:1926 arg1 humans 1949:1954 humans 1949:1954 humans 1949:1954 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 13 50 from effect 1921:1926 arg1 models 1938:1943 animal models 1931:1943 animal models 1931:1943 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 13 50 from effect 1921:1926 arg1 microbiota 1867:1876 gut microbiota 1863:1876 gut microbiota 1863:1876 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 13 50 from effect 1921:1926 arg1 metabolism 1887:1896 host metabolism 1882:1896 host metabolism 1882:1896 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 1 51 theme extracts 203:210 arg1 capacity 185:192 antioxidant capacity 173:192 antioxidant capacity 173:192 The objective of this study was to investigate prebiotic potential, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of spice extracts. 28678344 1 51 theme extracts 203:210 arg1 potential 136:144 prebiotic potential 126:144 prebiotic potential 126:144 The objective of this study was to investigate prebiotic potential, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of spice extracts. 28678344 1 51 theme extracts 203:210 arg1 composition 156:166 chemical composition 147:166 chemical composition 147:166 The objective of this study was to investigate prebiotic potential, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of spice extracts. 28678344 13 52 theme host 1882:1885 arg1 metabolism 1887:1896 host metabolism 1882:1896 host metabolism 1882:1896 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 7 53 theme Bifidobacterium 1053:1067 arg1 spp 1069:1071 Bifidobacterium spp 1053:1071 Bifidobacterium spp 1053:1071 All spice extracts, with the exception of turmeric, enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. 28678344 2 54 theme culinary 219:226 arg1 turmeric 330:337 turmeric 330:337 turmeric 330:337 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 2 54 theme culinary 219:226 arg1 oregano 307:313 Mediterranean oregano 293:313 Mediterranean oregano 293:313 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 2 54 theme culinary 219:226 arg1 spices 228:233 Seven culinary spices 213:233 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric 213:337 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 2 54 theme culinary 219:226 arg1 pepper 267:272 cayenne pepper 259:272 cayenne pepper 259:272 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 2 54 theme culinary 219:226 arg1 cinnamon 275:282 cinnamon 275:282 cinnamon 275:282 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 2 54 theme culinary 219:226 arg1 rosemary 316:323 rosemary 316:323 rosemary 316:323 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 2 54 theme culinary 219:226 arg1 pepper 251:256 black pepper 245:256 black pepper 245:256 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 2 54 theme culinary 219:226 arg1 ginger 285:290 ginger 285:290 ginger 285:290 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 7 55 with extracts 988:995 arg1 exception 1007:1015 the exception 1003:1015 the exception of turmeric 1003:1027 All spice extracts, with the exception of turmeric, enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. 28678344 11 56 theme microbiota 1551:1560 arg1 regulation 1526:1535 the regulation 1522:1535 the regulation of intestinal microbiota 1522:1560 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 2 57 theme cayenne 259:265 arg1 pepper 267:272 cayenne pepper 259:272 cayenne pepper 259:272 Seven culinary spices including black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, ginger, Mediterranean oregano, rosemary, and turmeric were extracted with boiling water. 28678344 4 58 theme extracts 746:753 arg1 dilutions 733:741 serial dilutions 726:741 serial dilutions of extracts 726:753 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 5 59 theme phenolic 770:777 arg1 compounds 779:787 14 phenolic compounds 767:787 14 phenolic compounds 767:787 A total of 14 phenolic compounds, a piperine, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde were identified and quantitated. 28678344 5 59 theme phenolic 770:777 arg1 piperine 792:799 a piperine 790:799 a piperine 790:799 A total of 14 phenolic compounds, a piperine, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde were identified and quantitated. 28678344 5 59 theme phenolic 770:777 arg1 acid 811:814 cinnamic acid 802:814 cinnamic acid 802:814 A total of 14 phenolic compounds, a piperine, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde were identified and quantitated. 28678344 5 59 theme phenolic 770:777 arg1 cinnamaldehyde 821:834 cinnamaldehyde 821:834 cinnamaldehyde 821:834 A total of 14 phenolic compounds, a piperine, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde were identified and quantitated. 28678344 12 60 theme spice-specific 1651:1664 arg1 phytochemicals 1666:1679 spice-specific phytochemicals 1651:1679 spice-specific phytochemicals 1651:1679 The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. 28678344 4 61 theme agar 703:706 arg1 plates 708:713 Brucella agar plates 694:713 Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts 694:753 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 1 62 theme chemical 147:154 arg1 composition 156:166 chemical composition 147:166 chemical composition 147:166 The objective of this study was to investigate prebiotic potential, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of spice extracts. 28678344 13 63 from changes 1852:1858 arg1 humans 1949:1954 humans 1949:1954 humans 1949:1954 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 13 63 from changes 1852:1858 arg1 models 1938:1943 animal models 1931:1943 animal models 1931:1943 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 13 63 from changes 1852:1858 arg1 microbiota 1867:1876 gut microbiota 1863:1876 gut microbiota 1863:1876 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 13 63 from changes 1852:1858 arg1 metabolism 1887:1896 host metabolism 1882:1896 host metabolism 1882:1896 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 4 64 from viability 591:599 arg1 microbiota 658:667 intestinal microbiota 647:667 intestinal microbiota 647:667 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 7 65 theme spice 982:986 arg1 extracts 988:995 All spice extracts 978:995 All spice extracts 978:995 All spice extracts, with the exception of turmeric, enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. 28678344 12 66 theme gut 1753:1755 arg1 communities 1767:1777 the gut microbial communities 1749:1777 the gut microbial communities 1749:1777 The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. 28678344 10 67 theme selected 1317:1324 arg1 spp 1338:1340 selected Clostridium spp 1317:1340 selected Clostridium spp 1317:1340 Cinnamon, oregano, and rosemary were active against selected Fusobacterium strains and cinnamon, rosemary, and turmeric were active against selected Clostridium spp. 28678344 3 68 theme Major 374:378 arg1 constituents 389:400 Major chemical constituents 374:400 Major chemical constituents 374:400 Major chemical constituents were characterized by RP-HPLC-DAD method and antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring colorimetrically the extent to scavenge ABTS radical cations. 28678344 4 69 theme spice 569:573 arg1 extracts 575:582 spice extracts 569:582 spice extracts 569:582 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 9 70 theme inhibitory 1118:1127 arg1 activity 1129:1136 inhibitory activity 1118:1136 inhibitory activity against selected Ruminococcus species 1118:1174 All spices exhibited inhibitory activity against selected Ruminococcus species. 28678344 3 71 theme RP-HPLC-DAD 424:434 arg1 method 436:441 RP-HPLC-DAD method 424:441 RP-HPLC-DAD method 424:441 Major chemical constituents were characterized by RP-HPLC-DAD method and antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring colorimetrically the extent to scavenge ABTS radical cations. 28678344 0 72 theme Chemical 24:31 arg1 Composition 33:43 Chemical Composition 24:43 Chemical Composition 24:43 Prebiotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Seven Culinary Spice Extracts. 28678344 13 73 from research 1802:1809 arg1 connections 1818:1828 the connections 1814:1828 the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans 1814:1954 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 12 74 dep identification 1614:1627 arg1 The 1610:1612 The 1610:1612 The 1610:1612 The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. 28678344 4 75 from Effects 558:564 arg1 viability 591:599 the viability 587:599 the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota 587:667 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 11 76 theme potential 1504:1512 arg1 role 1514:1517 their potential role 1498:1517 their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota 1498:1560 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 11 77 from role 1514:1517 arg1 regulation 1526:1535 the regulation 1522:1535 the regulation of intestinal microbiota 1522:1560 Some spices displayed prebiotic-like activity by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and the enhancement of gastrointestinal health. 28678344 9 78 theme Ruminococcus 1155:1166 arg1 species 1168:1174 selected Ruminococcus species 1146:1174 selected Ruminococcus species 1146:1174 All spices exhibited inhibitory activity against selected Ruminococcus species. 28678344 5 79 theme cinnamic 802:809 arg1 compounds 779:787 14 phenolic compounds 767:787 14 phenolic compounds 767:787 A total of 14 phenolic compounds, a piperine, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde were identified and quantitated. 28678344 5 79 theme cinnamic 802:809 arg1 acid 811:814 cinnamic acid 802:814 cinnamic acid 802:814 A total of 14 phenolic compounds, a piperine, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde were identified and quantitated. 28678344 6 80 theme Spice 869:873 arg1 extracts 875:882 Spice extracts 869:882 Spice extracts 869:882 Spice extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity that correlated with the total amount of major chemicals. 28678344 4 81 theme isolates 633:640 arg1 viability 591:599 the viability 587:599 the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota 587:667 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 13 82 theme animal 1931:1936 arg1 models 1938:1943 animal models 1931:1943 animal models 1931:1943 Future research on the connections between spice-induced changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism and disease preventive effect in animal models and humans is needed. 28678344 4 83 contain containing 715:724 arg1 plates 708:713 Brucella agar plates 694:713 Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts 694:753 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 4 83 contain containing 715:724 arg2 dilutions 733:741 serial dilutions 726:741 serial dilutions of extracts 726:753 Effects of spice extracts on the viability of 88 anaerobic and facultative isolates from intestinal microbiota were determined by using Brucella agar plates containing serial dilutions of extracts. 28678344 3 84 theme ABTS 536:539 arg1 cations 549:555 ABTS radical cations 536:555 ABTS radical cations 536:555 Major chemical constituents were characterized by RP-HPLC-DAD method and antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring colorimetrically the extent to scavenge ABTS radical cations. 28678344 12 85 theme phytochemicals 1666:1679 arg1 quantification 1633:1646 quantification 1633:1646 quantification 1633:1646 The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. 28678344 12 85 theme phytochemicals 1666:1679 arg1 identification 1614:1627 identification 1614:1627 identification 1614:1627 The identification and quantification of spice-specific phytochemicals provided insight into the potential influence of these chemicals on the gut microbial communities and activities. 25216283 7 0 theme increasing 1106:1115 arg1 enrichment 1117:1126 an increasing enrichment 1103:1126 an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age 1103:1166 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 8 1 theme regional 1627:1634 arg1 stimuli 1647:1653 the regional mechanical stimuli 1623:1653 the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint 1623:1671 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 7 2 theme cartilaginous 1135:1147 arg1 component 1149:1157 the cartilaginous component 1131:1157 the cartilaginous component with age 1131:1166 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 6 3 theme outer 904:908 arg1 zones 910:914 the outer zones 900:914 the outer zones 900:914 In study 2, the menisci were sectioned into the inner, the intermediate and the outer zones to determine the variations in the cell phenotype along with the inner-outer direction, through gene expression analysis. 25216283 6 4 theme cell 951:954 arg1 phenotype 956:964 the cell phenotype 947:964 the cell phenotype 947:964 In study 2, the menisci were sectioned into the inner, the intermediate and the outer zones to determine the variations in the cell phenotype along with the inner-outer direction, through gene expression analysis. 25216283 0 5 from maturation 9:18 arg1 model 33:37 the swine model 23:37 the swine model 23:37 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 25216283 7 6 with component 1149:1157 arg1 age 1164:1166 age 1164:1166 age 1164:1166 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 2 7 theme tissue-specific 341:355 arg1 composition 357:367 the tissue-specific composition 337:367 the tissue-specific composition 337:367 The changes in meniscus vascularization observed during growth suggest that the tissue-specific composition may be the result of a maturation process. 25216283 2 7 theme tissue-specific 341:355 arg1 result 380:385 the result 376:385 the result of a maturation process 376:409 The changes in meniscus vascularization observed during growth suggest that the tissue-specific composition may be the result of a maturation process. 25216283 1 8 theme heterogeneous 227:239 arg1 composition 248:258 a heterogeneous matrix composition 225:258 a heterogeneous matrix composition 225:258 The meniscus plays important roles in knee function and mechanics and is characterized by a heterogeneous matrix composition. 25216283 7 9 theme intermediate 1340:1351 arg1 zone 1353:1356 the inner avascular and intermediate zone 1316:1356 zone 1353:1356 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 8 10 from information 1508:1518 arg1 changes 1527:1533 the changes 1523:1533 the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint 1523:1671 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 0 11 dep occurring 48:56 arg1 anterior 69:76 anterior 69:76 anterior 69:76 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 25216283 0 11 dep occurring 48:56 arg1 medial 95:100 medial 95:100 medial 95:100 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 25216283 1 12 theme matrix 241:246 arg1 composition 248:258 a heterogeneous matrix composition 225:258 a heterogeneous matrix composition 225:258 The meniscus plays important roles in knee function and mechanics and is characterized by a heterogeneous matrix composition. 25216283 8 13 theme knee 1662:1665 arg1 joint 1667:1671 the knee joint 1658:1671 the knee joint 1658:1671 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 6 14 theme gene 1012:1015 arg1 analysis 1028:1035 gene expression analysis 1012:1035 gene expression analysis 1012:1035 In study 2, the menisci were sectioned into the inner, the intermediate and the outer zones to determine the variations in the cell phenotype along with the inner-outer direction, through gene expression analysis. 25216283 7 15 theme anterior 1206:1213 arg1 horn 1215:1218 the anterior horn 1202:1218 the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both) 1202:1255 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 7 16 theme cartilaginous 1273:1285 arg1 matrix 1287:1292 this cartilaginous matrix 1268:1292 this cartilaginous matrix 1268:1292 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 5 17 theme anterior 702:709 arg1 horn 711:714 the anterior horn 698:714 the anterior horn 698:714 In study 1, both lateral and medial menisci were divided into the anterior horn, the body and the posterior horn for the evaluation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), collagen 1 and 2 content. 25216283 6 18 theme inner-outer 981:991 arg1 direction 993:1001 the inner-outer direction 977:1001 the inner-outer direction 977:1001 In study 2, the menisci were sectioned into the inner, the intermediate and the outer zones to determine the variations in the cell phenotype along with the inner-outer direction, through gene expression analysis. 25216283 1 19 theme important 154:162 arg1 roles 164:168 important roles 154:168 important roles 154:168 The meniscus plays important roles in knee function and mechanics and is characterized by a heterogeneous matrix composition. 25216283 7 20 theme swine 1068:1072 arg1 meniscus 1074:1081 the swine meniscus 1064:1081 the swine meniscus 1064:1081 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 6 21 from variations 933:942 arg1 phenotype 956:964 the cell phenotype 947:964 the cell phenotype 947:964 In study 2, the menisci were sectioned into the inner, the intermediate and the outer zones to determine the variations in the cell phenotype along with the inner-outer direction, through gene expression analysis. 25216283 0 22 dep anterior 69:76 arg1 posterior 81:89 posterior 81:89 posterior 81:89 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 25216283 0 22 dep anterior 69:76 arg1 to 78:79 to 78:79 to 78:79 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 25216283 8 23 theme meniscus 1550:1557 arg1 maturation 1559:1568 meniscus maturation 1550:1568 meniscus maturation 1550:1568 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 0 24 theme Meniscus 0:7 arg1 maturation 9:18 Meniscus maturation 0:18 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 0:133 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 25216283 6 25 dep inner 872:876 arg1 determine 919:927 determine 919:927 to determine the variations in the cell phenotype along with the inner-outer direction 916:1001 In study 2, the menisci were sectioned into the inner, the intermediate and the outer zones to determine the variations in the cell phenotype along with the inner-outer direction, through gene expression analysis. 25216283 0 26 theme lateral 105:111 arg1 aspect 113:118 lateral aspect 105:118 lateral aspect 105:118 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 25216283 7 27 theme cells 1418:1422 arg1 differentiation 1390:1404 a specific differentiation 1379:1404 a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01) 1379:1479 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 1 28 theme knee 173:176 arg1 function 178:185 knee function 173:185 knee function 173:185 The meniscus plays important roles in knee function and mechanics and is characterized by a heterogeneous matrix composition. 25216283 8 29 from stimuli 1647:1653 arg1 joint 1667:1671 the knee joint 1658:1671 the knee joint 1658:1671 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 5 30 theme medial 665:670 arg1 menisci 672:678 both lateral and medial menisci 648:678 both lateral and medial menisci 648:678 In study 1, both lateral and medial menisci were divided into the anterior horn, the body and the posterior horn for the evaluation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), collagen 1 and 2 content. 25216283 7 31 theme differentiation 1390:1404 arg1 consequence 1364:1374 a consequence 1362:1374 a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01) 1362:1479 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 2 32 theme meniscus 276:283 arg1 vascularization 285:299 meniscus vascularization 276:299 meniscus vascularization observed during growth 276:322 The changes in meniscus vascularization observed during growth suggest that the tissue-specific composition may be the result of a maturation process. 25216283 8 33 theme specific 1584:1591 arg1 response 1593:1600 a specific response 1582:1600 a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint 1582:1671 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 3 34 theme structural 455:464 arg1 variations 482:491 the structural and biochemical variations 451:491 the structural and biochemical variations that occur in the swine meniscus with age 451:533 This study has the aim to characterize the structural and biochemical variations that occur in the swine meniscus with age. 25216283 3 35 with meniscus 517:524 arg1 age 531:533 age 531:533 age 531:533 This study has the aim to characterize the structural and biochemical variations that occur in the swine meniscus with age. 25216283 4 36 theme different 619:627 arg1 zones 629:633 different zones 619:633 different zones 619:633 To this purpose, menisci were collected from young and adult pigs and divided into different zones. 25216283 7 37 dep horn 1215:1218 arg1 collagen 1230:1237 collagen 2 1230:1239 collagen 2 1230:1239 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 7 37 dep horn 1215:1218 arg1 GAGs 1221:1224 GAGs 1221:1224 GAGs 1221:1224 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 2 38 theme process 403:409 arg1 composition 357:367 the tissue-specific composition 337:367 the tissue-specific composition 337:367 The changes in meniscus vascularization observed during growth suggest that the tissue-specific composition may be the result of a maturation process. 25216283 2 38 theme process 403:409 arg1 result 380:385 the result 376:385 the result of a maturation process 376:409 The changes in meniscus vascularization observed during growth suggest that the tissue-specific composition may be the result of a maturation process. 25216283 0 39 theme swine 27:31 arg1 model 33:37 the swine model 23:37 the swine model 23:37 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 25216283 7 40 theme P 1471:1471 arg1 < 1473:1473 P < 0.01 1471:1478 P < 0.01 1471:1478 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 7 41 from deposition 1188:1197 arg1 horn 1215:1218 the anterior horn 1202:1218 the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both) 1202:1255 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 2 42 theme maturation 392:401 arg1 process 403:409 a maturation process 390:409 a maturation process 390:409 The changes in meniscus vascularization observed during growth suggest that the tissue-specific composition may be the result of a maturation process. 25216283 5 43 theme posterior 734:742 arg1 collagen 798:805 collagen 1 and 2 content 798:821 collagen 798:805 In study 1, both lateral and medial menisci were divided into the anterior horn, the body and the posterior horn for the evaluation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), collagen 1 and 2 content. 25216283 5 43 theme posterior 734:742 arg1 horn 744:747 the posterior horn 730:747 the posterior horn for the evaluation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 730:795 In study 1, both lateral and medial menisci were divided into the anterior horn, the body and the posterior horn for the evaluation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), collagen 1 and 2 content. 25216283 5 43 theme posterior 734:742 arg1 content 815:821 collagen 1 and 2 content 798:821 content 815:821 In study 1, both lateral and medial menisci were divided into the anterior horn, the body and the posterior horn for the evaluation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), collagen 1 and 2 content. 25216283 7 44 theme specific 1381:1388 arg1 differentiation 1390:1404 a specific differentiation 1379:1404 a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01) 1379:1479 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 7 45 dep GAGs 1221:1224 arg1 both 1251:1254 both 1251:1254 both 1251:1254 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 7 45 dep GAGs 1221:1224 arg1 < 1244:1244 P < 0.01 1242:1249 P < 0.01 1242:1249 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 3 46 contain has 423:425 arg1 study 417:421 This study 412:421 This study 412:421 This study has the aim to characterize the structural and biochemical variations that occur in the swine meniscus with age. 25216283 3 46 contain has 423:425 arg2 aim 431:433 the aim 427:433 the aim to characterize the structural and biochemical variations that occur in the swine meniscus with age 427:533 This study has the aim to characterize the structural and biochemical variations that occur in the swine meniscus with age. 25216283 8 47 theme cells 1614:1618 arg1 response 1593:1600 a specific response 1582:1600 a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint 1582:1671 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 7 48 theme increasing 1177:1186 arg1 deposition 1188:1197 an increasing deposition 1174:1197 an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both) 1174:1255 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 7 49 from enrichment 1117:1126 arg1 component 1149:1157 the cartilaginous component 1131:1157 the cartilaginous component with age 1131:1166 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 8 50 theme meniscal 1605:1612 arg1 cells 1614:1618 meniscal cells 1605:1618 meniscal cells 1605:1618 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 6 51 theme expression 1017:1026 arg1 analysis 1028:1035 gene expression analysis 1012:1035 gene expression analysis 1012:1035 In study 2, the menisci were sectioned into the inner, the intermediate and the outer zones to determine the variations in the cell phenotype along with the inner-outer direction, through gene expression analysis. 25216283 8 52 theme obtained 1486:1493 arg1 data 1495:1498 The obtained data 1482:1498 The obtained data 1482:1498 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 5 53 theme lateral 653:659 arg1 menisci 672:678 both lateral and medial menisci 648:678 both lateral and medial menisci 648:678 In study 1, both lateral and medial menisci were divided into the anterior horn, the body and the posterior horn for the evaluation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), collagen 1 and 2 content. 25216283 7 54 theme P 1242:1242 arg1 < 1244:1244 P < 0.01 1242:1249 P < 0.01 1242:1249 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 3 55 theme biochemical 470:480 arg1 variations 482:491 the structural and biochemical variations 451:491 the structural and biochemical variations that occur in the swine meniscus with age 451:533 This study has the aim to characterize the structural and biochemical variations that occur in the swine meniscus with age. 25216283 8 56 theme new 1504:1506 arg1 information 1508:1518 new information 1504:1518 new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint 1504:1671 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 4 57 theme young 581:585 arg1 pigs 597:600 young and adult pigs 581:600 young and adult pigs 581:600 To this purpose, menisci were collected from young and adult pigs and divided into different zones. 25216283 7 58 dep collagen 1459:1466 arg1 < 1473:1473 P < 0.01 1471:1478 P < 0.01 1471:1478 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 0 59 dep maturation 9:18 arg1 changes 40:46 changes 40:46 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 0:133 Meniscus maturation in the swine model: changes occurring along with anterior to posterior and medial to lateral aspect during growth. 25216283 5 60 theme glycosaminoglycans 771:788 arg1 evaluation 757:766 the evaluation 753:766 the evaluation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 753:795 In study 1, both lateral and medial menisci were divided into the anterior horn, the body and the posterior horn for the evaluation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), collagen 1 and 2 content. 25216283 2 61 from changes 265:271 arg1 vascularization 285:299 meniscus vascularization 276:299 meniscus vascularization observed during growth 276:322 The changes in meniscus vascularization observed during growth suggest that the tissue-specific composition may be the result of a maturation process. 25216283 7 62 theme cartilaginous 1434:1446 arg1 phenotype 1448:1456 a cartilaginous phenotype 1432:1456 a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01) 1432:1479 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 7 62 theme cartilaginous 1434:1446 arg1 collagen 1459:1466 collagen 2 1459:1468 collagen 2 1459:1468 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 7 63 theme meniscal 1409:1416 arg1 cells 1418:1422 meniscal cells 1409:1422 meniscal cells 1409:1422 According to the results, the swine meniscus is characterized by an increasing enrichment in the cartilaginous component with age, with an increasing deposition in the anterior horn (GAGs and collagen 2; P < 0.01 both); moreover, this cartilaginous matrix strongly increases in the inner avascular and intermediate zone, as a consequence of a specific differentiation of meniscal cells towards a cartilaginous phenotype (collagen 2, P < 0.01). 25216283 8 64 theme mechanical 1636:1645 arg1 stimuli 1647:1653 the regional mechanical stimuli 1623:1653 the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint 1623:1671 The obtained data add new information on the changes that accompany meniscus maturation, suggesting a specific response of meniscal cells to the regional mechanical stimuli in the knee joint. 25216283 3 65 theme swine 511:515 arg1 meniscus 517:524 the swine meniscus 507:524 the swine meniscus with age 507:533 This study has the aim to characterize the structural and biochemical variations that occur in the swine meniscus with age. 25216283 4 66 theme adult 591:595 arg1 pigs 597:600 young and adult pigs 581:600 young and adult pigs 581:600 To this purpose, menisci were collected from young and adult pigs and divided into different zones. 24351793 6 0 theme % 1062:1062 arg1 increase 1155:1162 a highly significant increase 1134:1162 a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids 1134:1217 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 0 theme % 1062:1062 arg1 decrease 1042:1049 a highly significant decrease 1021:1049 a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1021:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 0 theme % 1062:1062 arg1 acids 1240:1244 conjugated linoleic acids 1220:1244 conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) 1220:1250 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 7 1 dep effect 1465:1470 arg1 SFA 1473:1475 SFA 1473:1475 SFA 1473:1475 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 7 1 dep effect 1465:1470 arg1 cholesterol 1481:1491 cholesterol 1481:1491 cholesterol 1481:1491 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 6 2 theme significant 1030:1040 arg1 decrease 1042:1049 a highly significant decrease 1021:1049 a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1021:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 1 3 theme plant 257:261 arg1 oils 263:266 plant oils 257:266 plant oils 257:266 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 1 4 theme experiment 163:172 arg1 goal 150:153 The main goal 141:153 The main goal of this experiment 141:172 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 7 5 theme high 1343:1346 arg1 impact 1348:1353 a high impact 1341:1353 a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health 1341:1415 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 6 6 theme fatty 995:999 arg1 pattern 1006:1012 The milk fatty acid pattern 986:1012 The milk fatty acid pattern 986:1012 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 3 7 theme milk 590:593 arg1 percentage 599:608 milk fat percentage 590:608 milk fat percentage 590:608 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 6 8 theme acids 1097:1101 arg1 amount 1071:1076 the amount 1067:1076 the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1067:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 8 theme acids 1097:1101 arg1 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 8 theme acids 1097:1101 arg1 acids 1097:1101 saturated fatty acids 1081:1101 saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1081:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 1 9 theme cholesterol 324:334 arg1 levels 336:341 cholesterol levels 324:341 cholesterol levels 324:341 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 6 10 theme conjugated 1220:1229 arg1 increase 1155:1162 a highly significant increase 1134:1162 a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids 1134:1217 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 10 theme conjugated 1220:1229 arg1 CLA 1247:1249 CLA 1247:1249 CLA 1247:1249 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 10 theme conjugated 1220:1229 arg1 acids 1240:1244 conjugated linoleic acids 1220:1244 conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) 1220:1250 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 2 11 dep oil 505:507 arg1 SO 510:511 SO 510:511 SO 510:511 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 7 12 from impact 1348:1353 arg1 composition 1367:1377 milk fat composition 1358:1377 milk fat composition 1358:1377 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 7 12 from impact 1348:1353 arg1 significance 1387:1398 its significance 1383:1398 its significance for human health 1383:1415 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 3 13 located observed 614:621 arg1 feedings 635:642 both oil feedings 626:642 both oil feedings 626:642 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 3 13 located observed 614:621 arg2 decrease 578:585 A decrease 576:585 A decrease in milk fat percentage 576:608 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 7 14 theme oil 1321:1323 arg1 supplements 1325:1335 oil supplements 1321:1335 oil supplements 1321:1335 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 6 15 theme acid 1001:1004 arg1 pattern 1006:1012 The milk fatty acid pattern 986:1012 The milk fatty acid pattern 986:1012 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 3 16 dep physiological 725:737 arg1 % 746:746 -0·15 % 740:746 -0·15 % 740:746 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 6 17 theme milk 990:993 arg1 pattern 1006:1012 The milk fatty acid pattern 986:1012 The milk fatty acid pattern 986:1012 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 5 18 theme milk 845:848 arg1 lower 872:876 lower 872:876 lower 872:876 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 5 18 theme milk 845:848 arg1 yield 862:866 The daily milk cholesterol yield 835:866 The daily milk cholesterol yield 835:866 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 2 19 theme control 427:433 arg1 C 442:442 C 442:442 C 442:442 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 19 theme control 427:433 arg1 group 435:439 a control group 425:439 a control group (C) without any oil supplementation 425:475 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 6 20 from feedings 1121:1128 arg1 amount 1071:1076 the amount 1067:1076 the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1067:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 20 from feedings 1121:1128 arg1 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 20 from feedings 1121:1128 arg1 acids 1097:1101 saturated fatty acids 1081:1101 saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1081:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 7 21 theme experiment 1282:1291 arg1 results 1266:1272 The results 1262:1272 The results of this experiment 1262:1291 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 6 22 dep showed 1014:1019 arg1 included 1252:1259 included 1252:1259 showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included 1014:1259 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 0 23 theme fat 70:72 arg1 metabolism 74:83 bovine fat metabolism 63:83 bovine fat metabolism 63:83 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 2 24 dep groups 391:396 arg1 C 442:442 C 442:442 C 442:442 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 24 dep groups 391:396 arg1 groups 485:490 two groups 481:490 two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR) 481:573 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 24 dep groups 391:396 arg1 group 435:439 a control group 425:439 a control group (C) without any oil supplementation 425:475 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 1 25 theme main 145:148 arg1 goal 150:153 The main goal 141:153 The main goal of this experiment 141:172 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 0 26 from Effects 0:6 arg1 levels 125:130 cholesterol levels 113:130 cholesterol levels 113:130 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 0 26 from Effects 0:6 arg1 metabolism 74:83 bovine fat metabolism 63:83 bovine fat metabolism 63:83 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 0 26 from Effects 0:6 arg1 composition 97:107 fatty acid composition 86:107 fatty acid composition 86:107 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 3 27 theme physiological 725:737 arg1 decline 749:755 the physiological (-0·15 %) decline 721:755 the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group 721:770 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 0 28 theme acid 92:95 arg1 composition 97:107 fatty acid composition 86:107 fatty acid composition 86:107 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 5 29 theme opposite 966:973 arg1 variation 975:983 an opposite variation 963:983 an opposite variation 963:983 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 2 30 theme partial 548:554 arg1 PMR 570:572 PMR 570:572 PMR 570:572 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 30 theme partial 548:554 arg1 ration 562:567 the partial mixed ration 544:567 the partial mixed ration (PMR) 544:573 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 5 31 theme cholesterol 850:860 arg1 lower 872:876 lower 872:876 lower 872:876 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 5 31 theme cholesterol 850:860 arg1 yield 862:866 The daily milk cholesterol yield 835:866 The daily milk cholesterol yield 835:866 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 7 32 theme milk 1358:1361 arg1 composition 1367:1377 milk fat composition 1358:1377 milk fat composition 1358:1377 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 0 33 theme rapeseed 11:18 arg1 supplementation 44:58 rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation 11:58 rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation 11:58 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 2 34 theme different 406:414 arg1 rations 416:422 fed different rations 402:422 fed different rations 402:422 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 0 35 theme soybean 24:30 arg1 supplementation 44:58 rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation 11:58 rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation 11:58 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 4 36 theme significant 786:796 arg1 change 798:803 no significant change 783:803 no significant change 783:803 There was no significant change in protein and lactose yield. 24351793 3 37 theme C 764:764 arg1 group 766:770 the C group 760:770 the C group 760:770 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 0 38 theme dietary 36:42 arg1 supplementation 44:58 rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation 11:58 rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation 11:58 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 5 39 theme blood 932:936 arg1 level 950:954 the blood cholesterol level 928:954 the blood cholesterol level 928:954 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 6 40 dep mono 1167:1170 arg1 acids 1213:1217 unsaturated fatty acids 1195:1217 unsaturated fatty acids 1195:1217 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 41 theme fatty 1207:1211 arg1 acids 1213:1217 unsaturated fatty acids 1195:1217 unsaturated fatty acids 1195:1217 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 0 42 from levels 125:130 arg1 milk 135:138 milk 135:138 milk 135:138 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 6 43 from % 1062:1062 arg1 amount 1071:1076 the amount 1067:1076 the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1067:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 43 from % 1062:1062 arg1 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 43 from % 1062:1062 arg1 acids 1097:1101 saturated fatty acids 1081:1101 saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1081:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 44 theme significant 1143:1153 arg1 increase 1155:1162 a highly significant increase 1134:1162 a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids 1134:1217 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 44 theme significant 1143:1153 arg1 acids 1240:1244 conjugated linoleic acids 1220:1244 conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) 1220:1250 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 4 45 dep protein 808:814 arg1 yield 828:832 yield 828:832 yield 828:832 There was no significant change in protein and lactose yield. 24351793 1 46 theme depression 210:219 arg1 effect 191:196 the effect 187:196 the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism 187:296 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 5 47 theme control 906:912 arg1 ration 914:919 control ration 906:919 control ration 906:919 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 2 48 with groups 485:490 arg1 RO 531:532 RO 531:532 RO 531:532 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 48 with groups 485:490 arg1 oil 505:507 soybean oil 497:507 soybean oil (SO) 497:512 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 48 with groups 485:490 arg1 oil 526:528 rapeseed oil 517:528 rapeseed oil (RO) 517:533 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 6 49 from decrease 1042:1049 arg1 acids 1097:1101 saturated fatty acids 1081:1101 saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1081:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 49 from decrease 1042:1049 arg1 poly 1183:1186 poly 1183:1186 poly (PUFA) 1183:1193 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 49 from decrease 1042:1049 arg1 PUFA 1189:1192 PUFA 1189:1192 PUFA 1189:1192 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 49 from decrease 1042:1049 arg1 mono 1167:1170 mono 1167:1170 mono (MUFA) 1167:1177 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 49 from decrease 1042:1049 arg1 amount 1071:1076 the amount 1067:1076 the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1067:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 49 from decrease 1042:1049 arg1 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 49 from decrease 1042:1049 arg1 MUFA 1173:1176 MUFA 1173:1176 MUFA 1173:1176 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 2 50 theme soybean 497:503 arg1 oil 505:507 soybean oil 497:507 soybean oil (SO) 497:512 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 51 theme rapeseed 517:524 arg1 RO 531:532 RO 531:532 RO 531:532 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 51 theme rapeseed 517:524 arg1 oil 526:528 rapeseed oil 517:528 rapeseed oil (RO) 517:533 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 7 52 theme negative 1456:1463 arg1 effect 1465:1470 a potentially negative effect 1442:1470 a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) 1442:1492 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 7 53 dep positive 1538:1545 arg1 PUFA 1554:1557 PUFA 1554:1557 PUFA 1554:1557 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 7 53 dep positive 1538:1545 arg1 MUFA 1548:1551 MUFA 1548:1551 MUFA 1548:1551 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 7 53 dep positive 1538:1545 arg1 CLA 1560:1562 CLA 1560:1562 CLA 1560:1562 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 6 54 theme oil 1117:1119 arg1 feedings 1121:1128 both oil feedings 1112:1128 both oil feedings 1112:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 3 55 from decrease 578:585 arg1 percentage 599:608 milk fat percentage 590:608 milk fat percentage 590:608 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 0 56 theme cholesterol 113:123 arg1 levels 125:130 cholesterol levels 113:130 cholesterol levels 113:130 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 6 57 theme linoleic 1231:1238 arg1 increase 1155:1162 a highly significant increase 1134:1162 a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids 1134:1217 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 57 theme linoleic 1231:1238 arg1 CLA 1247:1249 CLA 1247:1249 CLA 1247:1249 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 57 theme linoleic 1231:1238 arg1 acids 1240:1244 conjugated linoleic acids 1220:1244 conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) 1220:1250 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 7 58 theme supplements 1325:1335 arg1 feeding 1310:1316 the feeding 1306:1316 the feeding of oil supplements 1306:1335 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 2 59 theme oil 457:459 arg1 supplementation 461:475 any oil supplementation 453:475 any oil supplementation 453:475 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 0 60 from metabolism 74:83 arg1 milk 135:138 milk 135:138 milk 135:138 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 3 61 theme fat 595:597 arg1 percentage 599:608 milk fat percentage 590:608 milk fat percentage 590:608 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 6 62 theme fatty 1091:1095 arg1 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 62 theme fatty 1091:1095 arg1 acids 1097:1101 saturated fatty acids 1081:1101 saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1081:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 5 63 theme cholesterol 938:948 arg1 level 950:954 the blood cholesterol level 928:954 the blood cholesterol level 928:954 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 3 64 theme oil 631:633 arg1 feedings 635:642 both oil feedings 626:642 both oil feedings 626:642 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 0 65 from composition 97:107 arg1 milk 135:138 milk 135:138 milk 135:138 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 3 66 from decline 749:755 arg1 group 766:770 the C group 760:770 the C group 760:770 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 1 67 from effect 191:196 arg1 metabolism 287:296 the bovine fat metabolism 272:296 the bovine fat metabolism 272:296 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 5 68 theme daily 839:843 arg1 lower 872:876 lower 872:876 lower 872:876 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 5 68 theme daily 839:843 arg1 yield 862:866 The daily milk cholesterol yield 835:866 The daily milk cholesterol yield 835:866 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 3 69 with % 676:676 arg1 SO 683:684 SO 683:684 SO 683:684 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 3 70 theme higher 651:656 arg1 decrease 658:665 a higher decrease 649:665 a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group 649:770 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 0 71 theme bovine 63:68 arg1 metabolism 74:83 bovine fat metabolism 63:83 bovine fat metabolism 63:83 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 6 72 from increase 1155:1162 arg1 acids 1097:1101 saturated fatty acids 1081:1101 saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1081:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 72 from increase 1155:1162 arg1 poly 1183:1186 poly 1183:1186 poly (PUFA) 1183:1193 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 72 from increase 1155:1162 arg1 PUFA 1189:1192 PUFA 1189:1192 PUFA 1189:1192 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 72 from increase 1155:1162 arg1 mono 1167:1170 mono 1167:1170 mono (MUFA) 1167:1177 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 72 from increase 1155:1162 arg1 amount 1071:1076 the amount 1067:1076 the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1067:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 72 from increase 1155:1162 arg1 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 72 from increase 1155:1162 arg1 MUFA 1173:1176 MUFA 1173:1176 MUFA 1173:1176 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 1 73 theme fat 283:285 arg1 metabolism 287:296 the bovine fat metabolism 272:296 the bovine fat metabolism 272:296 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 3 74 theme % 676:676 arg1 decrease 658:665 a higher decrease 649:665 a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group 649:770 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 0 75 theme fatty 86:90 arg1 composition 97:107 fatty acid composition 86:107 fatty acid composition 86:107 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 7 76 theme human 1404:1408 arg1 health 1410:1415 human health 1404:1415 human health 1404:1415 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 1 77 theme bovine 276:281 arg1 metabolism 287:296 the bovine fat metabolism 272:296 the bovine fat metabolism 272:296 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 1 78 theme special 304:310 arg1 interest 312:319 special interest 304:319 special interest in cholesterol levels 304:341 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 2 79 theme mixed 556:560 arg1 PMR 570:572 PMR 570:572 PMR 570:572 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 79 theme mixed 556:560 arg1 ration 562:567 the partial mixed ration 544:567 the partial mixed ration (PMR) 544:573 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 1 80 from interest 312:319 arg1 levels 336:341 cholesterol levels 324:341 cholesterol levels 324:341 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 3 81 with RO 691:692 arg1 % 705:705 -0·98 % 699:705 -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group 699:770 A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of -1·14 % with SO than RO with -0·98 % compared with the physiological (-0·15 %) decline in the C group. 24351793 2 82 with group 435:439 arg1 RO 531:532 RO 531:532 RO 531:532 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 82 with group 435:439 arg1 oil 505:507 soybean oil 497:507 soybean oil (SO) 497:512 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 2 82 with group 435:439 arg1 oil 526:528 rapeseed oil 517:528 rapeseed oil (RO) 517:533 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 7 83 contain has 1337:1339 arg2 impact 1348:1353 a high impact 1341:1353 a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health 1341:1415 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 7 83 contain has 1337:1339 arg1 feeding 1310:1316 the feeding 1306:1316 the feeding of oil supplements 1306:1335 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 5 84 theme oil 886:888 arg1 rations 890:896 both oil rations 881:896 both oil rations 881:896 The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. 24351793 7 85 theme fat 1363:1365 arg1 composition 1367:1377 milk fat composition 1358:1377 milk fat composition 1358:1377 The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA). 24351793 0 86 theme oil 32:34 arg1 supplementation 44:58 rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation 11:58 rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation 11:58 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 6 87 from acids 1097:1101 arg1 feedings 1121:1128 both oil feedings 1112:1128 both oil feedings 1112:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 2 88 theme fed 402:404 arg1 rations 416:422 fed different rations 402:422 fed different rations 402:422 For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). 24351793 1 89 theme milk 201:204 arg1 fat 206:208 milk fat 201:208 milk fat depression 201:219 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 24351793 0 90 theme supplementation 44:58 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 0:139 Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk. 24351793 6 91 theme saturated 1081:1089 arg1 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 SFA 1104:1106 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 91 theme saturated 1081:1089 arg1 acids 1097:1101 saturated fatty acids 1081:1101 saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1081:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 92 from amount 1071:1076 arg1 increase 1155:1162 a highly significant increase 1134:1162 a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids 1134:1217 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 92 from amount 1071:1076 arg1 feedings 1121:1128 both oil feedings 1112:1128 both oil feedings 1112:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 92 from amount 1071:1076 arg1 decrease 1042:1049 a highly significant decrease 1021:1049 a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings 1021:1128 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 92 from amount 1071:1076 arg1 acids 1240:1244 conjugated linoleic acids 1220:1244 conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) 1220:1250 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 6 93 theme unsaturated 1195:1205 arg1 acids 1213:1217 unsaturated fatty acids 1195:1217 unsaturated fatty acids 1195:1217 The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. 24351793 1 94 theme fat 206:208 arg1 depression 210:219 milk fat depression 201:219 milk fat depression 201:219 The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. 28638886 5 0 dep MATERIALS 649:657 arg1 rats 675:678 The rats 671:678 The rats 671:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 11 1 contain had 1260:1262 arg1 microarray 1249:1258 mRNA microarray 1244:1258 mRNA microarray 1244:1258 mRNA microarray had significant effect on the protein group and the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively. 28638886 11 1 contain had 1260:1262 arg2 effect 1276:1281 significant effect 1264:1281 significant effect 1264:1281 mRNA microarray had significant effect on the protein group and the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively. 28638886 6 2 from index 908:912 arg1 group 922:926 each group 917:926 each group 917:926 The urine volume, the drinking volume and the water loading index in each group were calculated. 28638886 5 3 theme protein 768:774 arg1 group 776:780 (iv) protein group 763:780 (iv) protein group 763:780 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 0 4 theme DEFICIENCY 64:73 arg1 TREATMENT 44:52 THE TREATMENT 40:52 THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET 40:81 MECHANISMS OF COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET DAMPNESS ZHENG. 28638886 5 5 dep group 733:737 arg1 ii 723:724 ii 723:724 ii 723:724 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 6 6 from volume 879:884 arg1 group 922:926 each group 917:926 each group 917:926 The urine volume, the drinking volume and the water loading index in each group were calculated. 28638886 5 7 dep group 802:806 arg1 v 784:784 v 784:784 v 784:784 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 7 8 theme gene 995:998 arg1 analysis 1011:1018 microarray-based gene expression analysis 978:1018 microarray-based gene expression analysis 978:1018 Agilent 8*60K array was used for microarray-based gene expression analysis. 28638886 0 9 from MECHANISMS 0:9 arg1 TREATMENT 44:52 THE TREATMENT 40:52 THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET 40:81 MECHANISMS OF COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET DAMPNESS ZHENG. 28638886 11 10 theme polysaccharide 1312:1325 arg1 group 1327:1331 the polysaccharide group 1308:1331 the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively 1308:1470 mRNA microarray had significant effect on the protein group and the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively. 28638886 3 11 theme Coix 353:356 arg1 seed 358:361 Coix seed 353:361 Coix seed 353:361 Previous investigations have revealed that the main compositions of Coix seed are proteins, polysaccharides, oils and starches. 28638886 10 12 theme rats 1238:1241 arg1 dampness 1221:1228 the dampness 1217:1228 the dampness of SDWD rats 1217:1241 RESULTS The results demonstrated that all treatment groups could decrease the dampness of SDWD rats. 28638886 12 13 dep CONCLUSION 1473:1482 arg1 had 1533:1535 had 1533:1535 had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model 1533:1615 CONCLUSION The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. 28638886 6 14 theme loading 900:906 arg1 index 908:912 the water loading index 890:912 the water loading index 890:912 The urine volume, the drinking volume and the water loading index in each group were calculated. 28638886 10 15 dep demonstrated 1163:1174 arg1 RESULTS 1143:1149 RESULTS 1143:1149 RESULTS 1143:1149 RESULTS The results demonstrated that all treatment groups could decrease the dampness of SDWD rats. 28638886 5 16 theme decoction 746:754 arg1 group 756:760 (iii) decoction group 740:760 (iii) decoction group 740:760 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 3 17 theme main 332:335 arg1 proteins 367:374 proteins 367:374 proteins 367:374 Previous investigations have revealed that the main compositions of Coix seed are proteins, polysaccharides, oils and starches. 28638886 3 17 theme main 332:335 arg1 compositions 337:348 the main compositions 328:348 the main compositions of Coix seed 328:361 Previous investigations have revealed that the main compositions of Coix seed are proteins, polysaccharides, oils and starches. 28638886 11 18 theme mRNA 1244:1247 arg1 microarray 1249:1258 mRNA microarray 1244:1258 mRNA microarray 1244:1258 mRNA microarray had significant effect on the protein group and the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively. 28638886 9 19 used used 1105:1108 arg2 qRT-PCR 1093:1099 qRT-PCR 1093:1099 qRT-PCR 1093:1099 qRT-PCR was used to validate the mRNA microarray. 28638886 8 20 theme transport 1059:1067 arg1 activity 1069:1076 the transport activity 1055:1076 the transport activity 1055:1076 The differential mRNAs related to the transport activity were screened. 28638886 5 21 theme oil 814:816 arg1 group 818:822 (vi) oil group 809:822 (vi) oil group 809:822 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 4 22 theme dampness 622:629 arg1 model 642:646 the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model 592:646 the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model 592:646 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 7 23 theme microarray-based 978:993 arg1 analysis 1011:1018 microarray-based gene expression analysis 978:1018 microarray-based gene expression analysis 978:1018 Agilent 8*60K array was used for microarray-based gene expression analysis. 28638886 6 24 from volume 858:863 arg1 group 922:926 each group 917:926 each group 917:926 The urine volume, the drinking volume and the water loading index in each group were calculated. 28638886 4 25 theme wet 618:620 arg1 dampness 622:629 wet dampness 618:629 wet dampness 618:629 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 9 26 theme mRNA 1126:1129 arg1 microarray 1131:1140 the mRNA microarray 1122:1140 the mRNA microarray 1122:1140 qRT-PCR was used to validate the mRNA microarray. 28638886 5 27 theme polysaccharide 787:800 arg1 group 802:806 (v) polysaccharide group 783:806 (v) polysaccharide group 783:806 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 11 28 theme significant 1264:1274 arg1 effect 1276:1281 significant effect 1264:1281 significant effect 1264:1281 mRNA microarray had significant effect on the protein group and the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively. 28638886 5 29 dep group 715:719 arg1 i 704:704 i 704:704 i 704:704 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 12 30 theme significant 1546:1556 arg1 effect 1558:1563 the most significant effect 1537:1563 the most significant effect 1537:1563 CONCLUSION The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. 28638886 5 31 dep group 776:780 arg1 iv 764:765 iv 764:765 iv 764:765 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 13 32 theme contributing 1622:1633 arg1 mRNA 1635:1638 The contributing mRNA 1618:1638 The contributing mRNA 1618:1638 The contributing mRNA focused on Fabp, Slc and AQP family. 28638886 5 33 dep group 841:845 arg1 vii 829:831 vii 829:831 vii 829:831 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 3 34 theme seed 358:361 arg1 proteins 367:374 proteins 367:374 proteins 367:374 Previous investigations have revealed that the main compositions of Coix seed are proteins, polysaccharides, oils and starches. 28638886 3 34 theme seed 358:361 arg1 compositions 337:348 the main compositions 328:348 the main compositions of Coix seed 328:361 Previous investigations have revealed that the main compositions of Coix seed are proteins, polysaccharides, oils and starches. 28638886 10 35 theme treatment 1185:1193 arg1 groups 1195:1200 all treatment groups 1181:1200 all treatment groups 1181:1200 RESULTS The results demonstrated that all treatment groups could decrease the dampness of SDWD rats. 28638886 11 36 theme water 1351:1355 arg1 transport 1357:1365 the water transport 1347:1365 the water transport 1347:1365 mRNA microarray had significant effect on the protein group and the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively. 28638886 4 37 theme spleen 596:601 arg1 deficiency 603:612 spleen deficiency 596:612 spleen deficiency 596:612 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 4 37 theme spleen 596:601 arg1 SDWD 632:635 SDWD 632:635 SDWD 632:635 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 0 38 theme COIX 14:17 arg1 COMPOSITIONS 24:35 COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS 14:35 COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS 14:35 MECHANISMS OF COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET DAMPNESS ZHENG. 28638886 4 39 theme Coix 539:542 arg1 seed 544:547 Coix seed 539:547 Coix seed 539:547 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 6 40 theme water 894:898 arg1 index 908:912 the water loading index 890:912 the water loading index 890:912 The urine volume, the drinking volume and the water loading index in each group were calculated. 28638886 5 41 theme model 727:731 arg1 group 733:737 (ii) model group 722:737 (ii) model group 722:737 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 5 42 theme control 707:713 arg1 group 715:719 (i) control group 703:719 (i) control group 703:719 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 5 43 dep group 818:822 arg1 vi 810:811 vi 810:811 vi 810:811 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 7 44 used used 969:972 arg2 array 959:963 Agilent 8*60K array 945:963 Agilent 8*60K array 945:963 Agilent 8*60K array was used for microarray-based gene expression analysis. 28638886 5 45 theme starch 834:839 arg1 group 841:845 (vii) starch group 828:845 (vii) starch group 828:845 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 6 46 theme drinking 870:877 arg1 volume 879:884 the drinking volume 866:884 the drinking volume 866:884 The urine volume, the drinking volume and the water loading index in each group were calculated. 28638886 0 47 theme COMPOSITIONS 24:35 arg1 MECHANISMS 0:9 MECHANISMS 0:9 MECHANISMS OF COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET 0:81 MECHANISMS OF COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET DAMPNESS ZHENG. 28638886 7 48 theme * 954:954 arg1 array 959:963 Agilent 8*60K array 945:963 Agilent 8*60K array 945:963 Agilent 8*60K array was used for microarray-based gene expression analysis. 28638886 0 49 theme SEED 19:22 arg1 COMPOSITIONS 24:35 COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS 14:35 COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS 14:35 MECHANISMS OF COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET DAMPNESS ZHENG. 28638886 12 50 theme model 1611:1615 arg1 transport 1589:1597 the water transport 1579:1597 the water transport of SDWD rat model 1579:1615 CONCLUSION The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. 28638886 4 51 theme deficiency 603:612 arg1 model 642:646 the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model 592:646 the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model 592:646 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 8 52 theme differential 1025:1036 arg1 mRNAs 1038:1042 The differential mRNAs 1021:1042 The differential mRNAs related to the transport activity 1021:1076 The differential mRNAs related to the transport activity were screened. 28638886 3 53 theme Previous 285:292 arg1 investigations 294:307 Previous investigations 285:307 Previous investigations 285:307 Previous investigations have revealed that the main compositions of Coix seed are proteins, polysaccharides, oils and starches. 28638886 4 54 theme study 436:440 arg1 objectives 417:426 The objectives 413:426 The objectives of this study 413:440 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 12 55 theme rat 1607:1609 arg1 model 1611:1615 SDWD rat model 1602:1615 SDWD rat model 1602:1615 CONCLUSION The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. 28638886 1 56 theme BACKGROUND 99:108 arg1 seed 115:118 BACKGROUND Coix seed 99:118 BACKGROUND Coix seed 99:118 BACKGROUND Coix seed has the functions of fortifying the spleen and inhibiting the dampness. 28638886 4 57 theme effective 475:483 arg1 which 457:461 which 457:461 which 457:461 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 4 57 theme effective 475:483 arg1 compositions 485:496 the most effective compositions 466:496 the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model 466:646 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 5 58 dep group 756:760 arg1 iii 741:743 iii 741:743 iii 741:743 MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats used were divided into (i) control group, (ii) model group, (iii) decoction group, (iv) protein group, (v) polysaccharide group, (vi) oil group and (vii) starch group. 28638886 7 59 theme expression 1000:1009 arg1 analysis 1011:1018 microarray-based gene expression analysis 978:1018 microarray-based gene expression analysis 978:1018 Agilent 8*60K array was used for microarray-based gene expression analysis. 28638886 1 60 theme Coix 110:113 arg1 seed 115:118 BACKGROUND Coix seed 99:118 BACKGROUND Coix seed 99:118 BACKGROUND Coix seed has the functions of fortifying the spleen and inhibiting the dampness. 28638886 12 61 theme proteins 1504:1511 arg1 compositions 1488:1499 The compositions 1484:1499 The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides 1484:1531 CONCLUSION The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. 28638886 7 62 theme 60K 955:957 arg1 array 959:963 Agilent 8*60K array 945:963 Agilent 8*60K array 945:963 Agilent 8*60K array was used for microarray-based gene expression analysis. 28638886 10 63 theme SDWD 1233:1236 arg1 rats 1238:1241 SDWD rats 1233:1241 SDWD rats 1233:1241 RESULTS The results demonstrated that all treatment groups could decrease the dampness of SDWD rats. 28638886 7 64 theme Agilent 945:951 arg1 array 959:963 Agilent 8*60K array 945:963 Agilent 8*60K array 945:963 Agilent 8*60K array was used for microarray-based gene expression analysis. 28638886 11 65 theme significant 1389:1399 arg1 mRNA 1401:1404 the most significant mRNA 1380:1404 the most significant mRNA 1380:1404 mRNA microarray had significant effect on the protein group and the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively. 28638886 11 65 theme significant 1389:1399 arg1 Fabp6 1410:1414 Fabp6 1410:1414 Fabp6 1410:1414 mRNA microarray had significant effect on the protein group and the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively. 28638886 4 66 theme water 573:577 arg1 transport 579:587 the water transport 569:587 the water transport 569:587 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 2 67 theme seed 231:234 arg1 compositions 236:247 Coix seed compositions 226:247 Coix seed compositions 226:247 However, it remains unclear which Coix seed compositions is responsible for these functions. 28638886 12 68 theme polysaccharides 1517:1531 arg1 compositions 1488:1499 The compositions 1484:1499 The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides 1484:1531 CONCLUSION The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. 28638886 0 69 theme SPLEEN 57:62 arg1 DEFICIENCY 64:73 SPLEEN DEFICIENCY 57:73 SPLEEN DEFICIENCY 57:73 MECHANISMS OF COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET DAMPNESS ZHENG. 28638886 6 70 theme urine 852:856 arg1 volume 858:863 The urine volume 848:863 The urine volume 848:863 The urine volume, the drinking volume and the water loading index in each group were calculated. 28638886 2 71 theme Coix 226:229 arg1 compositions 236:247 Coix seed compositions 226:247 Coix seed compositions 226:247 However, it remains unclear which Coix seed compositions is responsible for these functions. 28638886 12 72 theme water 1583:1587 arg1 transport 1589:1597 the water transport 1579:1597 the water transport of SDWD rat model 1579:1615 CONCLUSION The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. 28638886 4 73 theme rat 638:640 arg1 model 642:646 the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model 592:646 the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model 592:646 The objectives of this study are to explore which is the most effective compositions in fortifying the spleen and examine how Coix seed works in regulating the water transport on the spleen deficiency and wet dampness (SDWD) rat model. 28638886 11 74 theme protein 1290:1296 arg1 group 1298:1302 the protein group 1286:1302 the protein group 1286:1302 mRNA microarray had significant effect on the protein group and the polysaccharide group in regulating the water transport, among which the most significant mRNA was Fabp6, Slc51a, Slc51b, Slc11a2, Slc4a10 and AQP3 respectively. 28638886 12 75 contain had 1533:1535 arg1 compositions 1488:1499 The compositions 1484:1499 The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides 1484:1531 CONCLUSION The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. 28638886 12 75 contain had 1533:1535 arg2 effect 1558:1563 the most significant effect 1537:1563 the most significant effect 1537:1563 CONCLUSION The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. 28638886 1 76 contain has 120:122 arg1 seed 115:118 BACKGROUND Coix seed 99:118 BACKGROUND Coix seed 99:118 BACKGROUND Coix seed has the functions of fortifying the spleen and inhibiting the dampness. 28638886 1 76 contain has 120:122 arg2 functions 128:136 the functions 124:136 the functions of fortifying the spleen and inhibiting the dampness 124:189 BACKGROUND Coix seed has the functions of fortifying the spleen and inhibiting the dampness. 28638886 12 77 theme SDWD 1602:1605 arg1 model 1611:1615 SDWD rat model 1602:1615 SDWD rat model 1602:1615 CONCLUSION The compositions of proteins and polysaccharides had the most significant effect in regulating the water transport of SDWD rat model. 28638886 8 78 theme related 1044:1050 arg1 mRNAs 1038:1042 The differential mRNAs 1021:1042 The differential mRNAs related to the transport activity 1021:1076 The differential mRNAs related to the transport activity were screened. 28638886 13 79 theme AQP 1665:1667 arg1 family 1669:1674 AQP family 1665:1674 AQP family 1665:1674 The contributing mRNA focused on Fabp, Slc and AQP family. 28638886 0 80 theme WET 79:81 arg1 TREATMENT 44:52 THE TREATMENT 40:52 THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET 40:81 MECHANISMS OF COIX SEED COMPOSITIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPLEEN DEFICIENCY AND WET DAMPNESS ZHENG. 27862940 8 0 theme rhBMP-2 1152:1158 arg1 structures 1138:1147 The secondary structures 1124:1147 The secondary structures of rhBMP-2 and P24 1124:1166 The secondary structures of rhBMP-2 and P24 kept stability during microencapsulation and release process. 27862940 6 1 theme osteogenic 914:923 arg1 differentiation 925:939 osteogenic differentiation 914:939 osteogenic differentiation 914:939 In vitro cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and rat calvarial defect repair were evaluated. 27862940 2 2 theme rhBMP-2 349:355 arg1 release 338:344 sustained release 328:344 sustained release of rhBMP-2 328:355 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 8 3 theme P24 1164:1166 arg1 structures 1138:1147 The secondary structures 1124:1147 The secondary structures of rhBMP-2 and P24 1124:1166 The secondary structures of rhBMP-2 and P24 kept stability during microencapsulation and release process. 27862940 15 4 theme Part 1854:1857 arg1 A 1859:1859 Part A 1854:1859 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1593-1606, 2017. 1835:1883 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1593-1606, 2017. 27862940 10 5 dep in 1361:1362 arg1 vitro 1364:1368 vitro 1364:1368 vitro 1364:1368 The results of in vitro cell detection showed that the composite vehicle had good biocompatibility and osteoinduction. 27862940 2 6 link derived 365:371 arg1 oligopeptide 383:394 its derived synthetic oligopeptide 361:394 its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) 361:427 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 10 7 theme good 1423:1426 arg1 biocompatibility 1428:1443 good biocompatibility 1423:1443 good biocompatibility 1423:1443 The results of in vitro cell detection showed that the composite vehicle had good biocompatibility and osteoinduction. 27862940 1 8 theme delivery 181:188 arg1 system 190:195 the suitable delivery system 168:195 the suitable delivery system in bone tissue engineering 168:222 Both of the osteogenic factor and the suitable delivery system in bone tissue engineering are essential for bone regeneration. 27862940 14 9 dep © 1804:1804 arg1 Inc. 1830:1833 Inc. 1830:1833 Inc. 1830:1833 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 27862940 2 10 theme composite 305:313 arg1 vehicles 315:322 composite vehicles 305:322 composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 305:355 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 8 11 theme release 1213:1219 arg1 process 1221:1227 release process 1213:1227 release process 1213:1227 The secondary structures of rhBMP-2 and P24 kept stability during microencapsulation and release process. 27862940 1 12 theme tissue 205:210 arg1 engineering 212:222 bone tissue engineering 200:222 bone tissue engineering 200:222 Both of the osteogenic factor and the suitable delivery system in bone tissue engineering are essential for bone regeneration. 27862940 9 13 from vehicle 1297:1303 arg1 release 1268:1274 geared-up release 1258:1274 geared-up release 1258:1274 P24 from the vehicle kept a geared-up release and rhBMP-2 from the vehicle kept a three-stage mode release process. 27862940 9 13 from vehicle 1297:1303 arg1 rhBMP-2 1280:1286 rhBMP-2 1280:1286 rhBMP-2 1280:1286 P24 from the vehicle kept a geared-up release and rhBMP-2 from the vehicle kept a three-stage mode release process. 27862940 3 14 link cross-linked 505:516 arg1 chitosan 518:525 cross-linked chitosan 505:525 cross-linked chitosan 505:525 The composite vehicle was based on cross-linked chitosan, nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC), and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere. 27862940 4 15 theme composite 653:661 arg1 vehicles 663:670 the composite vehicles 649:670 the composite vehicles (abbreviated as CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS) 649:703 The physicochemical properties of the composite vehicles (abbreviated as CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS) were investigated. 27862940 13 16 theme novel 1756:1760 arg1 P24 1741:1743 P24 1741:1743 P24 1741:1743 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 13 16 theme novel 1756:1760 arg1 rhBMP-2 1730:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 1706:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 1706:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 13 16 theme novel 1756:1760 arg1 scaffold 1772:1779 a novel and ideal scaffold 1754:1779 a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration 1754:1801 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 3 17 theme acid 597:600 arg1 microsphere 602:612 poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere 569:612 poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere 569:612 The composite vehicle was based on cross-linked chitosan, nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC), and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere. 27862940 6 18 theme calvarial 949:957 arg1 repair 966:971 rat calvarial defect repair 945:971 rat calvarial defect repair 945:971 In vitro cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and rat calvarial defect repair were evaluated. 27862940 15 19 dep Res 1850:1852 arg1 105A 1862:1865 105A 1862:1865 105A 1862:1865 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1593-1606, 2017. 27862940 15 19 dep Res 1850:1852 arg1 A 1859:1859 Part A 1854:1859 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1593-1606, 2017. 1835:1883 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1593-1606, 2017. 27862940 13 20 theme ideal 1766:1770 arg1 P24 1741:1743 P24 1741:1743 P24 1741:1743 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 13 20 theme ideal 1766:1770 arg1 rhBMP-2 1730:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 1706:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 1706:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 13 20 theme ideal 1766:1770 arg1 scaffold 1772:1779 a novel and ideal scaffold 1754:1779 a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration 1754:1801 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 9 21 theme geared-up 1258:1266 arg1 release 1268:1274 geared-up release 1258:1274 geared-up release 1258:1274 P24 from the vehicle kept a geared-up release and rhBMP-2 from the vehicle kept a three-stage mode release process. 27862940 3 22 theme lactide-co-glycolide 575:594 arg1 microsphere 602:612 poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere 569:612 poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere 569:612 The composite vehicle was based on cross-linked chitosan, nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC), and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere. 27862940 7 23 theme compressive 1049:1059 arg1 strength 1061:1068 favorable compressive strength 1039:1068 favorable compressive strength 1039:1068 The results proved that the composite vehicle had favorable compressive strength, elastic modulus, the porosity, and the bulk density. 27862940 1 24 from system 190:195 arg1 engineering 212:222 bone tissue engineering 200:222 bone tissue engineering 200:222 Both of the osteogenic factor and the suitable delivery system in bone tissue engineering are essential for bone regeneration. 27862940 11 25 theme vehicles 1534:1541 arg1 groups 1524:1529 both groups 1519:1529 both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 1519:1561 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 11 25 theme vehicles 1534:1541 arg1 vehicles 1534:1541 vehicles 1534:1541 vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 1534:1561 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 0 26 theme derived 80:86 arg1 oligopeptide 98:109 its derived synthetic oligopeptide 76:109 its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration 76:131 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 27862940 11 27 with vehicles 1534:1541 arg1 P24 1559:1561 P24 1559:1561 P24 1559:1561 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 11 27 with vehicles 1534:1541 arg1 rhBMP2 1548:1553 rhBMP2 1548:1553 rhBMP2 1548:1553 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 5 28 theme release 744:750 arg1 kinetics 752:759 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics 724:759 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles 724:777 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles were examined and the secondary structure of rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process was analyzed. 27862940 0 29 theme bone 115:118 arg1 regeneration 120:131 bone regeneration 115:131 bone regeneration 115:131 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 27862940 9 30 theme mode 1324:1327 arg1 process 1337:1343 a three-stage mode release process 1310:1343 a three-stage mode release process 1310:1343 P24 from the vehicle kept a geared-up release and rhBMP-2 from the vehicle kept a three-stage mode release process. 27862940 12 31 theme factors 1697:1703 arg1 release 1675:1681 sustained release 1665:1681 sustained release of osteogenic factors 1665:1703 This research showed that the composite vehicle could exhibit sustained release of osteogenic factors. 27862940 13 32 theme loading 1722:1728 arg1 P24 1741:1743 P24 1741:1743 P24 1741:1743 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 13 32 theme loading 1722:1728 arg1 rhBMP-2 1730:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 1706:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 1706:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 13 32 theme loading 1722:1728 arg1 scaffold 1772:1779 a novel and ideal scaffold 1754:1779 a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration 1754:1801 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 0 33 theme Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA 0:17 arg1 vehicle 31:37 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle 0:37 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 0:132 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 27862940 2 34 dep osteogenesis 433:444 arg1 repair 462:467 defect repair 455:467 defect repair 455:467 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 11 35 theme calvarial 1477:1485 arg1 repair 1494:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair 1465:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair 1465:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 12 36 theme sustained 1665:1673 arg1 release 1675:1681 sustained release 1665:1681 sustained release of osteogenic factors 1665:1703 This research showed that the composite vehicle could exhibit sustained release of osteogenic factors. 27862940 1 37 theme suitable 172:179 arg1 system 190:195 the suitable delivery system 168:195 the suitable delivery system in bone tissue engineering 168:222 Both of the osteogenic factor and the suitable delivery system in bone tissue engineering are essential for bone regeneration. 27862940 0 38 theme sustained 43:51 arg1 release 53:59 sustained release 43:59 sustained release of rhBMP-2 43:70 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 27862940 2 39 theme defect 455:460 arg1 repair 462:467 defect repair 455:467 defect repair 455:467 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 15 40 dep 105A 1862:1865 arg1 1593-1606 1868:1876 1593-1606 1868:1876 1593-1606 1868:1876 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1593-1606, 2017. 27862940 11 41 theme bone 1583:1586 arg1 repair 1595:1600 satisfied bone defect repair 1573:1600 satisfied bone defect repair 1573:1600 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 2 42 dep oligopeptide 383:394 arg1 Peptide-24 397:406 Peptide-24 397:406 Peptide-24 397:406 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 2 43 theme sustained 328:336 arg1 release 338:344 sustained release 328:344 sustained release of rhBMP-2 328:355 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 3 44 theme cross-linked 505:516 arg1 chitosan 518:525 cross-linked chitosan 505:525 cross-linked chitosan 505:525 The composite vehicle was based on cross-linked chitosan, nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC), and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere. 27862940 5 45 theme process 863:869 arg1 structure 811:819 the secondary structure 797:819 the secondary structure of rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process 797:869 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles were examined and the secondary structure of rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process was analyzed. 27862940 1 46 theme bone 242:245 arg1 regeneration 247:258 bone regeneration 242:258 bone regeneration 242:258 Both of the osteogenic factor and the suitable delivery system in bone tissue engineering are essential for bone regeneration. 27862940 0 47 theme rhBMP-2 64:70 arg1 release 53:59 sustained release 43:59 sustained release of rhBMP-2 43:70 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 27862940 0 47 theme rhBMP-2 64:70 arg1 oligopeptide 98:109 its derived synthetic oligopeptide 76:109 its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration 76:131 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 27862940 4 48 dep vehicles 663:670 arg1 abbreviated 673:683 abbreviated 673:683 abbreviated as CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS 673:702 The physicochemical properties of the composite vehicles (abbreviated as CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS) were investigated. 27862940 7 49 theme bulk 1110:1113 arg1 density 1115:1121 the bulk density 1106:1121 the bulk density 1106:1121 The results proved that the composite vehicle had favorable compressive strength, elastic modulus, the porosity, and the bulk density. 27862940 10 50 contain had 1419:1421 arg2 biocompatibility 1428:1443 good biocompatibility 1423:1443 good biocompatibility 1423:1443 The results of in vitro cell detection showed that the composite vehicle had good biocompatibility and osteoinduction. 27862940 10 50 contain had 1419:1421 arg1 vehicle 1411:1417 the composite vehicle 1397:1417 the composite vehicle 1397:1417 The results of in vitro cell detection showed that the composite vehicle had good biocompatibility and osteoinduction. 27862940 10 50 contain had 1419:1421 arg2 osteoinduction 1449:1462 osteoinduction 1449:1462 osteoinduction 1449:1462 The results of in vitro cell detection showed that the composite vehicle had good biocompatibility and osteoinduction. 27862940 6 51 theme cell 894:897 arg1 proliferation 899:911 In vitro cell proliferation 885:911 In vitro cell proliferation 885:911 In vitro cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and rat calvarial defect repair were evaluated. 27862940 9 52 dep release 1268:1274 arg1 a 1256:1256 a 1256:1256 a 1256:1256 P24 from the vehicle kept a geared-up release and rhBMP-2 from the vehicle kept a three-stage mode release process. 27862940 7 53 contain had 1035:1037 arg2 porosity 1092:1099 the porosity 1088:1099 the porosity 1088:1099 The results proved that the composite vehicle had favorable compressive strength, elastic modulus, the porosity, and the bulk density. 27862940 7 53 contain had 1035:1037 arg2 density 1115:1121 the bulk density 1106:1121 the bulk density 1106:1121 The results proved that the composite vehicle had favorable compressive strength, elastic modulus, the porosity, and the bulk density. 27862940 7 53 contain had 1035:1037 arg1 vehicle 1027:1033 the composite vehicle 1013:1033 the composite vehicle 1013:1033 The results proved that the composite vehicle had favorable compressive strength, elastic modulus, the porosity, and the bulk density. 27862940 7 53 contain had 1035:1037 arg2 modulus 1079:1085 elastic modulus 1071:1085 elastic modulus 1071:1085 The results proved that the composite vehicle had favorable compressive strength, elastic modulus, the porosity, and the bulk density. 27862940 7 53 contain had 1035:1037 arg2 strength 1061:1068 favorable compressive strength 1039:1068 favorable compressive strength 1039:1068 The results proved that the composite vehicle had favorable compressive strength, elastic modulus, the porosity, and the bulk density. 27862940 10 54 theme detection 1375:1383 arg1 results 1350:1356 The results 1346:1356 The results of in vitro cell detection 1346:1383 The results of in vitro cell detection showed that the composite vehicle had good biocompatibility and osteoinduction. 27862940 5 55 theme release 855:861 arg1 process 863:869 rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process 824:869 rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process 824:869 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles were examined and the secondary structure of rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process was analyzed. 27862940 9 56 from vehicle 1243:1249 arg1 P24 1230:1232 P24 1230:1232 P24 from the vehicle 1230:1249 P24 from the vehicle kept a geared-up release and rhBMP-2 from the vehicle kept a three-stage mode release process. 27862940 6 57 theme In 885:886 arg1 proliferation 899:911 In vitro cell proliferation 885:911 In vitro cell proliferation 885:911 In vitro cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and rat calvarial defect repair were evaluated. 27862940 4 58 theme vehicles 663:670 arg1 properties 635:644 The physicochemical properties 615:644 The physicochemical properties of the composite vehicles (abbreviated as CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS) 615:703 The physicochemical properties of the composite vehicles (abbreviated as CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS) were investigated. 27862940 11 59 theme defect 1588:1593 arg1 repair 1595:1600 satisfied bone defect repair 1573:1600 satisfied bone defect repair 1573:1600 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 2 60 theme vehicles 315:322 arg1 oligopeptide 383:394 its derived synthetic oligopeptide 361:394 its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) 361:427 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 2 60 theme vehicles 315:322 arg1 kinds 296:300 two kinds 292:300 two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 292:355 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 13 61 theme bone 1785:1788 arg1 regeneration 1790:1801 bone regeneration 1785:1801 bone regeneration 1785:1801 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 10 62 theme composite 1401:1409 arg1 vehicle 1411:1417 the composite vehicle 1397:1417 the composite vehicle 1397:1417 The results of in vitro cell detection showed that the composite vehicle had good biocompatibility and osteoinduction. 27862940 1 63 theme bone 200:203 arg1 engineering 212:222 bone tissue engineering 200:222 bone tissue engineering 200:222 Both of the osteogenic factor and the suitable delivery system in bone tissue engineering are essential for bone regeneration. 27862940 3 64 theme poly 569:572 arg1 microsphere 602:612 poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere 569:612 poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere 569:612 The composite vehicle was based on cross-linked chitosan, nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC), and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere. 27862940 12 65 theme composite 1633:1641 arg1 vehicle 1643:1649 the composite vehicle 1629:1649 the composite vehicle 1629:1649 This research showed that the composite vehicle could exhibit sustained release of osteogenic factors. 27862940 5 66 theme rhBMP-2 728:734 arg1 kinetics 752:759 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics 724:759 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles 724:777 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles were examined and the secondary structure of rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process was analyzed. 27862940 6 67 theme defect 959:964 arg1 repair 966:971 rat calvarial defect repair 945:971 rat calvarial defect repair 945:971 In vitro cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and rat calvarial defect repair were evaluated. 27862940 6 68 theme rat 945:947 arg1 repair 966:971 rat calvarial defect repair 945:971 rat calvarial defect repair 945:971 In vitro cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and rat calvarial defect repair were evaluated. 27862940 11 69 theme satisfied 1573:1581 arg1 repair 1595:1600 satisfied bone defect repair 1573:1600 satisfied bone defect repair 1573:1600 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 7 70 theme favorable 1039:1047 arg1 strength 1061:1068 favorable compressive strength 1039:1068 favorable compressive strength 1039:1068 The results proved that the composite vehicle had favorable compressive strength, elastic modulus, the porosity, and the bulk density. 27862940 7 71 theme composite 1017:1025 arg1 vehicle 1027:1033 the composite vehicle 1013:1033 the composite vehicle 1013:1033 The results proved that the composite vehicle had favorable compressive strength, elastic modulus, the porosity, and the bulk density. 27862940 11 72 dep In 1465:1466 arg1 vivo 1468:1471 vivo 1468:1471 vivo 1468:1471 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 11 73 theme defect 1487:1492 arg1 repair 1494:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair 1465:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair 1465:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 5 74 from vehicles 770:777 arg1 kinetics 752:759 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics 724:759 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles 724:777 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles were examined and the secondary structure of rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process was analyzed. 27862940 1 75 theme osteogenic 146:155 arg1 factor 157:162 the osteogenic factor 142:162 the osteogenic factor 142:162 Both of the osteogenic factor and the suitable delivery system in bone tissue engineering are essential for bone regeneration. 27862940 6 76 dep In 885:886 arg1 vitro 888:892 vitro 888:892 vitro 888:892 In vitro cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and rat calvarial defect repair were evaluated. 27862940 0 77 theme synthetic 88:96 arg1 oligopeptide 98:109 its derived synthetic oligopeptide 76:109 its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration 76:131 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 27862940 5 78 theme P24 740:742 arg1 kinetics 752:759 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics 724:759 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles 724:777 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles were examined and the secondary structure of rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process was analyzed. 27862940 9 79 theme three-stage 1312:1322 arg1 process 1337:1343 a three-stage mode release process 1310:1343 a three-stage mode release process 1310:1343 P24 from the vehicle kept a geared-up release and rhBMP-2 from the vehicle kept a three-stage mode release process. 27862940 1 80 from factor 157:162 arg1 engineering 212:222 bone tissue engineering 200:222 bone tissue engineering 200:222 Both of the osteogenic factor and the suitable delivery system in bone tissue engineering are essential for bone regeneration. 27862940 13 81 theme CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS 1706:1720 arg1 P24 1741:1743 P24 1741:1743 P24 1741:1743 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 13 81 theme CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS 1706:1720 arg1 rhBMP-2 1730:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 1706:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 1706:1736 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 13 81 theme CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS 1706:1720 arg1 scaffold 1772:1779 a novel and ideal scaffold 1754:1779 a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration 1754:1801 CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS loading rhBMP-2 or P24 could be a novel and ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. 27862940 0 82 theme microsphere 19:29 arg1 vehicle 31:37 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle 0:37 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 0:132 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 27862940 9 83 theme release 1329:1335 arg1 process 1337:1343 a three-stage mode release process 1310:1343 a three-stage mode release process 1310:1343 P24 from the vehicle kept a geared-up release and rhBMP-2 from the vehicle kept a three-stage mode release process. 27862940 12 84 theme osteogenic 1686:1695 arg1 factors 1697:1703 osteogenic factors 1686:1703 osteogenic factors 1686:1703 This research showed that the composite vehicle could exhibit sustained release of osteogenic factors. 27862940 7 85 theme elastic 1071:1077 arg1 modulus 1079:1085 elastic modulus 1071:1085 elastic modulus 1071:1085 The results proved that the composite vehicle had favorable compressive strength, elastic modulus, the porosity, and the bulk density. 27862940 11 86 theme rat 1473:1475 arg1 repair 1494:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair 1465:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair 1465:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 2 87 theme synthetic 373:381 arg1 oligopeptide 383:394 its derived synthetic oligopeptide 361:394 its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) 361:427 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 11 88 theme In 1465:1466 arg1 repair 1494:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair 1465:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair 1465:1499 In vivo rat calvarial defect repair demonstrated that both groups of vehicles with rhBMP2 and P24 exhibited satisfied bone defect repair. 27862940 2 89 theme derived 365:371 arg1 oligopeptide 383:394 its derived synthetic oligopeptide 361:394 its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) 361:427 In this study, we manufactured two kinds of composite vehicles for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide (Peptide-24, abbreviated as P24) for osteogenesis and bone defect repair. 27862940 5 90 theme secondary 801:809 arg1 structure 811:819 the secondary structure 797:819 the secondary structure of rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process 797:869 The rhBMP-2 and P24 release kinetics from the vehicles were examined and the secondary structure of rhBMP-2 and P24 after 28 days' release process was analyzed. 27862940 8 91 theme secondary 1128:1136 arg1 structures 1138:1147 The secondary structures 1124:1147 The secondary structures of rhBMP-2 and P24 1124:1166 The secondary structures of rhBMP-2 and P24 kept stability during microencapsulation and release process. 27862940 0 92 link derived 80:86 arg1 oligopeptide 98:109 its derived synthetic oligopeptide 76:109 its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration 76:131 Chitosan/nHAC/PLGA microsphere vehicle for sustained release of rhBMP-2 and its derived synthetic oligopeptide for bone regeneration. 27862940 9 93 dep kept 1251:1254 arg1 kept 1305:1308 kept 1305:1308 kept a geared-up release and rhBMP-2 from the vehicle kept a three-stage mode release process 1251:1343 P24 from the vehicle kept a geared-up release and rhBMP-2 from the vehicle kept a three-stage mode release process. 27862940 10 94 theme cell 1370:1373 arg1 detection 1375:1383 in vitro cell detection 1361:1383 in vitro cell detection 1361:1383 The results of in vitro cell detection showed that the composite vehicle had good biocompatibility and osteoinduction. 27862940 3 95 theme composite 474:482 arg1 vehicle 484:490 The composite vehicle 470:490 The composite vehicle 470:490 The composite vehicle was based on cross-linked chitosan, nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC), and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid microsphere. 27862940 4 96 theme physicochemical 619:633 arg1 properties 635:644 The physicochemical properties 615:644 The physicochemical properties of the composite vehicles (abbreviated as CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS) 615:703 The physicochemical properties of the composite vehicles (abbreviated as CS/nHAC/PLGA-MS) were investigated. 27862940 10 97 theme in 1361:1362 arg1 detection 1375:1383 in vitro cell detection 1361:1383 in vitro cell detection 1361:1383 The results of in vitro cell detection showed that the composite vehicle had good biocompatibility and osteoinduction. 28950931 17 0 theme % 1746:1746 arg1 value 1734:1738 a value 1732:1738 a value of 34 % 1732:1746 DNA-DNA hybridization with Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T revealed a value of 34 %, confirming that the strain represents a novel species. 28950931 12 1 theme gene 1214:1217 arg1 identities 1228:1237 the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1201:1237 the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1201:1237 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 9 2 theme hexadecanoic 944:955 arg1 C16  963:966 C16  963:966 C16  963:966 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 9 2 theme hexadecanoic 944:955 arg1 acid 957:960 hexadecanoic acid 944:960 hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) 944:970 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 15 3 theme Corynebacterium 1545:1559 arg1 species 1594:1600 the type species 1585:1600 the type species of the genus 1585:1613 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 15 3 theme Corynebacterium 1545:1559 arg1 44123T 1577:1582 Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T 1545:1582 Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T 1545:1582 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 9 4 dep C18  930:933 arg1  1 ω9c 935:940  1 ω9c 935:940  1 ω9c 935:940 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 18 5 theme name 1936:1939 arg1 gottingense 1957:1967 the name Corynebacterium gottingense 1932:1967 the name Corynebacterium gottingense 1932:1967 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 5 6 dep shiny 557:561 arg1 smooth 564:569 smooth 564:569 smooth 564:569 The colonies were white-cream, circular and convex with a shiny, smooth surface. 28950931 17 7 theme DNA-DNA 1661:1667 arg1 hybridization 1669:1681 DNA-DNA hybridization 1661:1681 DNA-DNA hybridization with Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1661:1721 DNA-DNA hybridization with Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T revealed a value of 34 %, confirming that the strain represents a novel species. 28950931 9 8 theme pentadecanoic 976:988 arg1 C15  996:999 C15  996:999 C15  996:999 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 9 8 theme pentadecanoic 976:988 arg1 acid 990:993 pentadecanoic acid 976:993 pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0) 976:1003 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 12 9 dep Corynebacterium 1389:1403 arg1 afermentans 1405:1415 afermentans 1405:1415 afermentans 1405:1415 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 7 10 theme polar 649:653 arg1 profile 662:668 The polar lipids profile 645:668 The polar lipids profile 645:668 The polar lipids profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 28950931 18 11 with Corynebacterium 1911:1925 arg1 gottingense 1957:1967 the name Corynebacterium gottingense 1932:1967 the name Corynebacterium gottingense 1932:1967 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 7 12 contain contained 670:678 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 755:774 phosphatidylinositol 755:774 phosphatidylinositol 755:774 The polar lipids profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 28950931 7 12 contain contained 670:678 arg1 profile 662:668 The polar lipids profile 645:668 The polar lipids profile 645:668 The polar lipids profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 28950931 7 12 contain contained 670:678 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 730:749 phosphatidylglycerol 730:749 phosphatidylglycerol 730:749 The polar lipids profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 28950931 7 12 contain contained 670:678 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 706:727 diphosphatidylglycerol 706:727 diphosphatidylglycerol 706:727 The polar lipids profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 28950931 7 12 contain contained 670:678 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 680:703 phosphatidylethanolamine 680:703 phosphatidylethanolamine 680:703 The polar lipids profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 28950931 11 13 theme whole-cell 1069:1078 arg1 hydrolysate 1080:1090 The whole-cell hydrolysate 1065:1090 The whole-cell hydrolysate 1065:1090 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 2 14 theme Gram-positive 74:86 arg1 99221/2016T 106:116 99221/2016T 106:116 99221/2016T 106:116 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 2 14 theme Gram-positive 74:86 arg1 strain 98:103 A Gram-positive bacterial strain 72:103 A Gram-positive bacterial strain 72:103 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 16 15 theme DNA 1630:1632 arg1 G+C content 1634:1644 The DNA G+C content 1626:1644 The DNA G+C content 1626:1644 The DNA G+C content was 69.2 mol%. 28950931 16 15 theme DNA 1630:1632 arg1 % 1658:1658 69.2 mol% 1650:1658 69.2 mol% 1650:1658 The DNA G+C content was 69.2 mol%. 28950931 2 16 theme Medical 193:199 arg1 Microbiology 201:212 Medical Microbiology 193:212 Medical Microbiology 193:212 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 4 17 theme Columbia 399:406 arg1 agar 414:417 Columbia blood agar 399:417 Columbia blood agar 399:417 It grew well at 37 °C on Columbia blood agar and showed good growth under aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. 28950931 12 18 theme DSM 1315:1317 arg1 44264T 1319:1324 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1291:1324 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %) 1291:1333 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 18 theme DSM 1315:1317 arg1 % 1332:1332 98.0 % 1327:1332 98.0 % 1327:1332 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 18 theme DSM 1315:1317 arg1 subsp 1417:1421 Corynebacterium afermentans subsp 1389:1421 Corynebacterium afermentans subsp 1389:1421 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 18 theme DSM 1315:1317 arg1 44291T 1372:1377 Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T 1336:1377 Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %) 1336:1386 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 10 19 with Corynemycolates 1006:1020 arg1 carbons 1033:1039 28-36 carbons 1027:1039 28-36 carbons 1027:1039 Corynemycolates with 28-36 carbons in length were present. 28950931 3 20 theme non-spore-forming 299:315 arg1 cells 292:296 cells 292:296 cells 292:296 The strain was rod-shaped with a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 28950931 8 21 theme unidentified 781:792 arg1 phospholipids 794:806 Two unidentified phospholipids 777:806 Two unidentified phospholipids 777:806 Two unidentified phospholipids and several unidentified lipids were also detected. 28950931 18 22 theme Corynebacterium 1911:1925 arg1 species 1890:1896 a novel species 1882:1896 a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense 1882:1967 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 3 23 theme cells 292:296 arg1 arrangement 277:287 a palisade arrangement 266:287 a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative 266:371 The strain was rod-shaped with a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 28950931 4 24 theme anaerobic 477:485 arg1 conditions 487:496 aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions 448:496 aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions 448:496 It grew well at 37 °C on Columbia blood agar and showed good growth under aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. 28950931 3 25 theme catalase-positive 334:350 arg1 cells 292:296 cells 292:296 cells 292:296 The strain was rod-shaped with a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 28950931 6 26 theme respiratory 596:606 arg1 MK-8 622:625 MK-8 622:625 MK-8 622:625 The predominant respiratory quinones were MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2). 28950931 6 26 theme respiratory 596:606 arg1 quinones 608:615 The predominant respiratory quinones 580:615 The predominant respiratory quinones 580:615 The predominant respiratory quinones were MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2). 28950931 8 27 theme unidentified 820:831 arg1 lipids 833:838 several unidentified lipids 812:838 several unidentified lipids 812:838 Two unidentified phospholipids and several unidentified lipids were also detected. 28950931 11 28 theme major 1175:1179 arg1 glucose 1142:1148 glucose 1142:1148 glucose 1142:1148 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 28 theme major 1175:1179 arg1 sugars 1181:1186 major sugars 1175:1186 major sugars 1175:1186 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 28 theme major 1175:1179 arg1 galactose 1151:1159 galactose 1151:1159 galactose 1151:1159 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 28 theme major 1175:1179 arg1 acid 1122:1125 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1102:1125 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1102:1125 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 28 theme major 1175:1179 arg1 arabinose 1131:1139 arabinose 1131:1139 arabinose 1131:1139 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 28 theme major 1175:1179 arg1 ribose 1165:1170 ribose 1165:1170 ribose 1165:1170 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 3 29 theme non-lipophilic 318:331 arg1 cells 292:296 cells 292:296 cells 292:296 The strain was rod-shaped with a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 28950931 4 30 theme aerobic 448:454 arg1 conditions 487:496 aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions 448:496 aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions 448:496 It grew well at 37 °C on Columbia blood agar and showed good growth under aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. 28950931 4 31 theme microaerophilic 457:471 arg1 conditions 487:496 aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions 448:496 aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions 448:496 It grew well at 37 °C on Columbia blood agar and showed good growth under aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. 28950931 9 32 theme prevalent 864:872 arg1 acids 889:893 The prevalent cellular fatty acids 860:893 The prevalent cellular fatty acids 860:893 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 14 33 theme DSM 1506:1508 arg1 44282T 1510:1515 lipophilum DSM 44282T 1495:1515 lipophilum DSM 44282T (96.8 %). 1495:1525 lipophilum DSM 44282T (96.8 %). 28950931 14 33 theme DSM 1506:1508 arg1 % 1523:1523 96.8 % 1518:1523 96.8 % 1518:1523 lipophilum DSM 44282T (96.8 %). 28950931 3 34 theme oxidase-negative 356:371 arg1 cells 292:296 cells 292:296 cells 292:296 The strain was rod-shaped with a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 28950931 9 35 theme fatty 883:887 arg1 acids 889:893 The prevalent cellular fatty acids 860:893 The prevalent cellular fatty acids 860:893 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 17 36 theme DSM 1712:1714 arg1 44264T 1716:1721 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1688:1721 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1688:1721 DNA-DNA hybridization with Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T revealed a value of 34 %, confirming that the strain represents a novel species. 28950931 12 37 theme sequence 1219:1226 arg1 identities 1228:1237 the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1201:1237 the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1201:1237 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 13 38 theme DSM 1436:1438 arg1 % 1453:1453 96.9 % 1448:1453 96.9 % 1448:1453 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 13 38 theme DSM 1436:1438 arg1 44280T 1440:1445 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans 1424:1486 44280T 1440:1445 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 17 39 theme novel 1789:1793 arg1 species 1795:1801 a novel species 1787:1801 a novel species 1787:1801 DNA-DNA hybridization with Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T revealed a value of 34 %, confirming that the strain represents a novel species. 28950931 15 40 with identity 1531:1538 arg1 species 1594:1600 the type species 1585:1600 the type species of the genus 1585:1613 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 15 40 with identity 1531:1538 arg1 44123T 1577:1582 Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T 1545:1582 Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T 1545:1582 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 18 41 theme Corynebacterium 1941:1955 arg1 gottingense 1957:1967 the name Corynebacterium gottingense 1932:1967 the name Corynebacterium gottingense 1932:1967 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 12 42 theme rRNA 1209:1212 arg1 identities 1228:1237 the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1201:1237 the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1201:1237 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 11 43 contain contained 1092:1100 arg1 hydrolysate 1080:1090 The whole-cell hydrolysate 1065:1090 The whole-cell hydrolysate 1065:1090 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 43 contain contained 1092:1100 arg2 acid 1122:1125 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1102:1125 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1102:1125 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 43 contain contained 1092:1100 arg2 arabinose 1131:1139 arabinose 1131:1139 arabinose 1131:1139 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 43 contain contained 1092:1100 arg2 ribose 1165:1170 ribose 1165:1170 ribose 1165:1170 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 43 contain contained 1092:1100 arg2 glucose 1142:1148 glucose 1142:1148 glucose 1142:1148 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 43 contain contained 1092:1100 arg2 galactose 1151:1159 galactose 1151:1159 galactose 1151:1159 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 43 contain contained 1092:1100 arg2 sugars 1181:1186 major sugars 1175:1186 major sugars 1175:1186 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 18 44 theme strain 1813:1818 arg1 99221/2016T 1820:1830 The type strain 99221/2016T 1804:1830 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) 1804:1855 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 18 44 theme strain 1813:1818 arg1 31931T 1849:1854 DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T 1833:1854 DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T 1833:1854 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 12 45 theme Corynebacterium 1389:1403 arg1 44264T 1319:1324 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1291:1324 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %) 1291:1333 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 45 theme Corynebacterium 1389:1403 arg1 subsp 1417:1421 Corynebacterium afermentans subsp 1389:1421 Corynebacterium afermentans subsp 1389:1421 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 46 theme identities 1228:1237 arg1 Analysis 1189:1196 Analysis 1189:1196 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1189:1237 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 6 47 theme predominant 584:594 arg1 MK-8 622:625 MK-8 622:625 MK-8 622:625 The predominant respiratory quinones were MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2). 28950931 6 47 theme predominant 584:594 arg1 quinones 608:615 The predominant respiratory quinones 580:615 The predominant respiratory quinones 580:615 The predominant respiratory quinones were MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2). 28950931 17 48 theme Corynebacterium 1688:1702 arg1 44264T 1716:1721 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1688:1721 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1688:1721 DNA-DNA hybridization with Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T revealed a value of 34 %, confirming that the strain represents a novel species. 28950931 12 49 theme Corynebacterium 1336:1350 arg1 44264T 1319:1324 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1291:1324 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %) 1291:1333 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 49 theme Corynebacterium 1336:1350 arg1 44291T 1372:1377 Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T 1336:1377 Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %) 1336:1386 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 49 theme Corynebacterium 1336:1350 arg1 % 1385:1385 96.9 % 1380:1385 96.9 % 1380:1385 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 4 50 theme good 430:433 arg1 growth 435:440 good growth 430:440 good growth 430:440 It grew well at 37 °C on Columbia blood agar and showed good growth under aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. 28950931 12 51 theme DSM 1368:1370 arg1 44264T 1319:1324 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1291:1324 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %) 1291:1333 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 51 theme DSM 1368:1370 arg1 44291T 1372:1377 Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T 1336:1377 Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %) 1336:1386 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 51 theme DSM 1368:1370 arg1 % 1385:1385 96.9 % 1380:1385 96.9 % 1380:1385 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 7 52 theme lipids 655:660 arg1 profile 662:668 The polar lipids profile 645:668 The polar lipids profile 645:668 The polar lipids profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 28950931 13 53 dep subsp 1488:1492 arg1 % 1453:1453 96.9 % 1448:1453 96.9 % 1448:1453 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 13 53 dep subsp 1488:1492 arg1 afermentans 1476:1486 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans 1424:1486 afermentans 1476:1486 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 13 53 dep subsp 1488:1492 arg1 44280T 1440:1445 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans 1424:1486 44280T 1440:1445 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 2 54 theme bacterial 88:96 arg1 99221/2016T 106:116 99221/2016T 106:116 99221/2016T 106:116 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 2 54 theme bacterial 88:96 arg1 strain 98:103 A Gram-positive bacterial strain 72:103 A Gram-positive bacterial strain 72:103 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 2 55 theme Microbiology 201:212 arg1 Germany 226:232 Germany 226:232 Germany 226:232 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 2 55 theme Microbiology 201:212 arg1 Institute 180:188 the Institute 176:188 the Institute of Medical Microbiology 176:212 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 4 56 theme blood 408:412 arg1 agar 414:417 Columbia blood agar 399:417 Columbia blood agar 399:417 It grew well at 37 °C on Columbia blood agar and showed good growth under aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. 28950931 12 57 dep Corynebacterium 1291:1305 arg1 imitans 1307:1313 imitans 1307:1313 imitans 1307:1313 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 18 58 theme novel 1884:1888 arg1 species 1890:1896 a novel species 1882:1896 a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense 1882:1967 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 5 59 with white-cream 517:527 arg1 surface 571:577 a shiny, smooth surface 555:577 a shiny, smooth surface 555:577 The colonies were white-cream, circular and convex with a shiny, smooth surface. 28950931 3 60 theme palisade 268:275 arg1 arrangement 277:287 a palisade arrangement 266:287 a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative 266:371 The strain was rod-shaped with a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 28950931 10 61 from Corynemycolates 1006:1020 arg1 length 1044:1049 length 1044:1049 length 1044:1049 Corynemycolates with 28-36 carbons in length were present. 28950931 18 62 theme genus 1905:1909 arg1 Corynebacterium 1911:1925 the genus Corynebacterium 1901:1925 the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense 1901:1967 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 1 63 theme clinical 54:61 arg1 patient 63:69 a clinical patient 52:69 a clinical patient 52:69 nov., isolated from a clinical patient. 28950931 8 64 theme several 812:818 arg1 lipids 833:838 several unidentified lipids 812:838 several unidentified lipids 812:838 Two unidentified phospholipids and several unidentified lipids were also detected. 28950931 9 65 dep C15  996:999 arg1  0 1001:1002  0 1001:1002  0 1001:1002 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 18 66 theme 103494T=JCM 1837:1847 arg1 99221/2016T 1820:1830 The type strain 99221/2016T 1804:1830 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) 1804:1855 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 18 66 theme 103494T=JCM 1837:1847 arg1 31931T 1849:1854 DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T 1833:1854 DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T 1833:1854 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 13 67 theme Corynebacterium 1460:1474 arg1 afermentans 1476:1486 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans 1424:1486 afermentans 1476:1486 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 5 68 theme shiny 557:561 arg1 surface 571:577 a shiny, smooth surface 555:577 a shiny, smooth surface 555:577 The colonies were white-cream, circular and convex with a shiny, smooth surface. 28950931 12 69 theme Corynebacterium 1291:1305 arg1 44264T 1319:1324 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1291:1324 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %) 1291:1333 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 69 theme Corynebacterium 1291:1305 arg1 % 1332:1332 98.0 % 1327:1332 98.0 % 1327:1332 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 69 theme Corynebacterium 1291:1305 arg1 subsp 1417:1421 Corynebacterium afermentans subsp 1389:1421 Corynebacterium afermentans subsp 1389:1421 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 12 69 theme Corynebacterium 1291:1305 arg1 44291T 1372:1377 Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T 1336:1377 Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %) 1336:1386 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 15 70 dep Corynebacterium 1545:1559 arg1 diphtheriae 1561:1571 diphtheriae 1561:1571 diphtheriae 1561:1571 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 9 71 theme cellular 874:881 arg1 acids 889:893 The prevalent cellular fatty acids 860:893 The prevalent cellular fatty acids 860:893 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 14 72 theme lipophilum 1495:1504 arg1 44282T 1510:1515 lipophilum DSM 44282T 1495:1515 lipophilum DSM 44282T (96.8 %). 1495:1525 lipophilum DSM 44282T (96.8 %). 28950931 14 72 theme lipophilum 1495:1504 arg1 % 1523:1523 96.8 % 1518:1523 96.8 % 1518:1523 lipophilum DSM 44282T (96.8 %). 28950931 17 73 with hybridization 1669:1681 arg1 44264T 1716:1721 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1688:1721 Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T 1688:1721 DNA-DNA hybridization with Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T revealed a value of 34 %, confirming that the strain represents a novel species. 28950931 3 74 with rod-shaped 250:259 arg1 arrangement 277:287 a palisade arrangement 266:287 a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative 266:371 The strain was rod-shaped with a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 28950931 9 75 theme cis-9-octadecenoic 905:922 arg1 C18  930:933 C18  930:933 C18  930:933 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 9 75 theme cis-9-octadecenoic 905:922 arg1 acid 924:927 cis-9-octadecenoic acid 905:927 cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c) 905:941 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 2 76 theme patient 148:154 arg1 blood 137:141 blood 137:141 blood of a patient with bacteraemia 137:171 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 15 77 theme genus 1609:1613 arg1 species 1594:1600 the type species 1585:1600 the type species of the genus 1585:1613 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 15 77 theme genus 1609:1613 arg1 44123T 1577:1582 Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T 1545:1582 Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T 1545:1582 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 9 78 dep C16  963:966 arg1  0 968:969  0 968:969  0 968:969 The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). 28950931 11 79 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1102:1120 arg1 glucose 1142:1148 glucose 1142:1148 glucose 1142:1148 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 79 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1102:1120 arg1 sugars 1181:1186 major sugars 1175:1186 major sugars 1175:1186 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 79 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1102:1120 arg1 galactose 1151:1159 galactose 1151:1159 galactose 1151:1159 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 79 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1102:1120 arg1 acid 1122:1125 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1102:1125 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1102:1125 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 79 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1102:1120 arg1 arabinose 1131:1139 arabinose 1131:1139 arabinose 1131:1139 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 11 79 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1102:1120 arg1 ribose 1165:1170 ribose 1165:1170 ribose 1165:1170 The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. 28950931 2 80 with patient 148:154 arg1 bacteraemia 161:171 bacteraemia 161:171 bacteraemia 161:171 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 13 81 theme afermentans 1424:1434 arg1 % 1453:1453 96.9 % 1448:1453 96.9 % 1448:1453 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 13 81 theme afermentans 1424:1434 arg1 44280T 1440:1445 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans 1424:1486 44280T 1440:1445 afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 18 82 theme type 1808:1811 arg1 99221/2016T 1820:1830 The type strain 99221/2016T 1804:1830 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) 1804:1855 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 18 82 theme type 1808:1811 arg1 31931T 1849:1854 DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T 1833:1854 DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T 1833:1854 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 2 83 attach isolated 123:130 arg2 strain 98:103 A Gram-positive bacterial strain 72:103 A Gram-positive bacterial strain 72:103 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 2 83 attach isolated 123:130 arg1 blood 137:141 blood 137:141 blood of a patient with bacteraemia 137:171 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 2 83 attach isolated 123:130 arg2 99221/2016T 106:116 99221/2016T 106:116 99221/2016T 106:116 A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. 28950931 15 84 theme type 1589:1592 arg1 species 1594:1600 the type species 1585:1600 the type species of the genus 1585:1613 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 15 84 theme type 1589:1592 arg1 44123T 1577:1582 Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T 1545:1582 Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T 1545:1582 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 12 85 dep Corynebacterium 1336:1350 arg1 lipophiloflavum 1352:1366 lipophiloflavum 1352:1366 lipophiloflavum 1352:1366 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 16 86 theme 69.2 mol 1650:1657 arg1 G+C content 1634:1644 The DNA G+C content 1626:1644 The DNA G+C content 1626:1644 The DNA G+C content was 69.2 mol%. 28950931 16 86 theme 69.2 mol 1650:1657 arg1 % 1658:1658 69.2 mol% 1650:1658 69.2 mol% 1650:1658 The DNA G+C content was 69.2 mol%. 28950931 17 87 dep Corynebacterium 1688:1702 arg1 imitans 1704:1710 imitans 1704:1710 imitans 1704:1710 DNA-DNA hybridization with Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T revealed a value of 34 %, confirming that the strain represents a novel species. 28950931 12 88 theme 16S 1205:1207 arg1 rRNA 1209:1212 the 16S rRNA 1201:1212 the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1201:1237 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. 28950931 15 89 theme DSM 1573:1575 arg1 species 1594:1600 the type species 1585:1600 the type species of the genus 1585:1613 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 15 89 theme DSM 1573:1575 arg1 44123T 1577:1582 Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T 1545:1582 Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T 1545:1582 The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. 28950931 18 90 theme DSM 1833:1835 arg1 99221/2016T 1820:1830 The type strain 99221/2016T 1804:1830 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) 1804:1855 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 28950931 18 90 theme DSM 1833:1835 arg1 31931T 1849:1854 DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T 1833:1854 DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T 1833:1854 The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense. 26296577 6 0 theme strain 1012:1017 arg1 CC5-806T 1019:1026 strain CC5-806T 1012:1026 strain CC5-806T 1012:1026 Phylogenetic trees revealed that strain CC5-806T did not show a clear affiliation to any genus within the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 11 1 dep anteiso-C15  1498:1509 arg1 iso-C14  1531:1538 iso-C14  1531:1538 iso-C14  1531:1538 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296577 11 1 dep anteiso-C15  1498:1509 arg1  0 1524:1525  0 1524:1525  0 1524:1525 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296577 11 1 dep anteiso-C15  1498:1509 arg1  0 1511:1512  0 1511:1512  0 1511:1512 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296577 11 1 dep anteiso-C15  1498:1509 arg1  0 1540:1541  0 1540:1541  0 1540:1541 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296577 13 2 theme novel 1760:1764 arg1 species 1766:1772 a novel species 1758:1772 a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp 1758:1845 It represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 11 3 theme fatty 1481:1485 arg1 anteiso-C15  1498:1509 anteiso-C15  1498:1509 anteiso-C15  1498:1509 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296577 11 3 theme fatty 1481:1485 arg1 acids 1487:1491 The major fatty acids 1471:1491 The major fatty acids 1471:1491 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296577 2 4 theme karst 309:313 arg1 cave 315:318 a wild karst cave 302:318 a wild karst cave 302:318 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 2 5 theme non-motile 186:195 arg1 bacterium 216:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 2 6 theme Gram-stain-positive 118:136 arg1 bacterium 216:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 3 7 theme aerial 491:496 arg1 hyphae 498:503 aerial hyphae 491:503 aerial hyphae 491:503 This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelium or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26296577 2 8 theme soil 275:278 arg1 sample 280:285 a soil sample 273:285 a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position 273:435 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 5 9 theme rRNA 802:805 arg1 similarities 821:832 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 798:832 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %) 798:976 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 8 10 theme cell-wall 1169:1177 arg1 peptidoglycan 1179:1191 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1165:1191 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1165:1191 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained l-lysine as a diagnostic diamino acid. 26296577 5 11 theme Phylogenetic 636:647 arg1 analysis 649:656 Phylogenetic analysis 636:656 Phylogenetic analysis 636:656 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 12 theme highest 780:786 arg1 levels 788:793 the highest levels 776:793 the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %) 776:976 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 2 13 attach isolated 259:266 arg2 bacterium 216:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 2 13 attach isolated 259:266 arg1 sample 280:285 a soil sample 273:285 a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position 273:435 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 12 14 theme characteristics 1621:1635 arg1 distinguishable 1658:1672 distinguishable 1658:1672 distinguishable 1658:1672 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 13 15 dep sp 1844:1845 arg1 nov. 1838:1841 the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 1802:1841 the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 1802:1841 It represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 8 16 theme diagnostic 1217:1226 arg1 acid 1236:1239 a diagnostic diamino acid 1215:1239 a diagnostic diamino acid 1215:1239 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained l-lysine as a diagnostic diamino acid. 26296577 8 16 theme diagnostic 1217:1226 arg1 l-lysine 1203:1210 l-lysine 1203:1210 l-lysine 1203:1210 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained l-lysine as a diagnostic diamino acid. 26296577 1 17 theme karst 104:108 arg1 cave 110:113 a karst cave 102:113 a karst cave 102:113 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave. 26296577 12 18 theme strain 1638:1643 arg1 CC5-806T 1645:1652 strain CC5-806T 1638:1652 strain CC5-806T 1638:1652 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 2 19 dep sample 280:285 arg1 collected 287:295 collected 287:295 collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China 287:360 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 2 19 dep sample 280:285 arg1 examined 366:373 examined 366:373 examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position 366:435 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 7 20 theme CC5-806T 1141:1148 arg1 % 1162:1162 62.6 mol% 1154:1162 62.6 mol% 1154:1162 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T was 62.6 mol%. 26296577 7 20 theme CC5-806T 1141:1148 arg1 content 1123:1129 The DNA G+C content 1111:1129 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T 1111:1148 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T was 62.6 mol%. 26296577 5 21 theme sequence 812:819 arg1 similarities 821:832 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 798:832 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %) 798:976 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 22 with similarities 821:832 arg1 % 928:928 97.53 % 922:928 97.53 % 922:928 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 22 with similarities 821:832 arg1 6500707T 873:880 Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T 839:880 Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %) 839:890 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 22 with similarities 821:832 arg1 % 975:975 97.42 % 969:975 97.42 % 969:975 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 22 with similarities 821:832 arg1 801T 916:919 Frigoribacterium faeni 801T 893:919 Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) 893:929 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 22 with similarities 821:832 arg1 MP203T 961:966 Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T 935:966 Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %) 935:976 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 22 with similarities 821:832 arg1 % 889:889 97.56 % 883:889 97.56 % 883:889 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 13 23 theme name 1806:1809 arg1 nov. 1838:1841 the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 1802:1841 the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 1802:1841 It represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 13 24 theme cavernae 1824:1831 arg1 nov. 1838:1841 the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 1802:1841 the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 1802:1841 It represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 7 25 theme G+C 1119:1121 arg1 % 1162:1162 62.6 mol% 1154:1162 62.6 mol% 1154:1162 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T was 62.6 mol%. 26296577 7 25 theme G+C 1119:1121 arg1 content 1123:1129 The DNA G+C content 1111:1129 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T 1111:1148 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T was 62.6 mol%. 26296577 5 26 theme Frigoribacterium 893:908 arg1 % 928:928 97.53 % 922:928 97.53 % 922:928 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 26 theme Frigoribacterium 893:908 arg1 801T 916:919 Frigoribacterium faeni 801T 893:919 Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) 893:929 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 27 dep Frigoribacterium 839:854 arg1 endophyticum 856:867 endophyticum 856:867 endophyticum 856:867 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 28 theme rRNA 672:675 arg1 sequences 682:690 16S rRNA gene sequences 668:690 16S rRNA gene sequences 668:690 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 12 29 theme analysis 1577:1584 arg1 distinguishable 1658:1672 distinguishable 1658:1672 distinguishable 1658:1672 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 12 30 from genera 1704:1709 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1725:1741 the family Microbacteriaceae 1714:1741 the family Microbacteriaceae 1714:1741 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 12 30 from genera 1704:1709 arg1 distinguishable 1658:1672 distinguishable 1658:1672 distinguishable 1658:1672 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 2 31 theme polyphasic 383:392 arg1 approach 394:401 a polyphasic approach 381:401 a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position 381:435 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 10 32 theme other 1409:1413 arg1 lipids 1421:1426 other polar lipids 1409:1426 other polar lipids 1409:1426 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 5 33 theme gene 677:680 arg1 sequences 682:690 16S rRNA gene sequences 668:690 16S rRNA gene sequences 668:690 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 0 34 theme Lysinibacter 0:11 arg1 nov. 27:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 0:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 0:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 9 35 theme predominant 1246:1256 arg1 MK-11 1276:1280 MK-11 1276:1280 MK-11 1276:1280 The predominant menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9. 26296577 9 35 theme predominant 1246:1256 arg1 menaquinones 1258:1269 The predominant menaquinones 1242:1269 The predominant menaquinones 1242:1269 The predominant menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9. 26296577 0 36 theme gen. 22:25 arg1 nov. 27:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 0:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 0:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 1 37 theme Microbacteriaceae 70:86 arg1 member 49:54 a new member 43:54 a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave 43:113 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave. 26296577 1 37 theme Microbacteriaceae 70:86 arg1 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave. 26296577 15 38 theme 27960T = CGMCC 1902:1915 arg1 1.14983T 1917:1924  = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T 1895:1924  = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T 1895:1924 The type strain is CC5-806T ( = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T). 26296577 15 38 theme 27960T = CGMCC 1902:1915 arg1 CC5-806T 1885:1892 CC5-806T 1885:1892 CC5-806T ( = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T) 1885:1925 The type strain is CC5-806T ( = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T). 26296577 13 39 theme novel 1779:1783 arg1 genus 1785:1789 a novel genus 1777:1789 a novel genus 1777:1789 It represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 2 40 theme PR 353:354 arg1 China 356:360 PR China 353:360 PR China 353:360 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 2 40 theme PR 353:354 arg1 region 334:339 the Wulong region 323:339 the Wulong region 323:339 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 5 41 theme strain 708:713 arg1 CC5-806T 715:722 strain CC5-806T 708:722 strain CC5-806T 708:722 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 42 theme Glaciihabitans 935:948 arg1 % 975:975 97.42 % 969:975 97.42 % 969:975 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 42 theme Glaciihabitans 935:948 arg1 MP203T 961:966 Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T 935:966 Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %) 935:976 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 2 43 theme wild 304:307 arg1 cave 315:318 a wild karst cave 302:318 a wild karst cave 302:318 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 10 44 theme lipid 1455:1459 arg1 extracts 1461:1468 the polar lipid extracts 1445:1468 the polar lipid extracts 1445:1468 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 2 45 theme bent 169:172 arg1 bacterium 216:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 12 46 theme family 1718:1723 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1725:1741 the family Microbacteriaceae 1714:1741 the family Microbacteriaceae 1714:1741 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 1 47 attach isolated 88:95 arg2 Microbacteriaceae 70:86 the family Microbacteriaceae 59:86 the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave 59:113 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave. 26296577 1 47 attach isolated 88:95 arg1 cave 110:113 a karst cave 102:113 a karst cave 102:113 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave. 26296577 8 48 contain contained 1193:1201 arg2 l-lysine 1203:1210 l-lysine 1203:1210 l-lysine 1203:1210 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained l-lysine as a diagnostic diamino acid. 26296577 8 48 contain contained 1193:1201 arg2 acid 1236:1239 a diagnostic diamino acid 1215:1239 a diagnostic diamino acid 1215:1239 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained l-lysine as a diagnostic diamino acid. 26296577 8 48 contain contained 1193:1201 arg1 peptidoglycan 1179:1191 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1165:1191 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1165:1191 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained l-lysine as a diagnostic diamino acid. 26296577 12 49 theme related 1696:1702 arg1 genera 1704:1709 phylogenetically related genera 1679:1709 phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae 1679:1741 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 7 50 theme 62.6 mol 1154:1161 arg1 % 1162:1162 62.6 mol% 1154:1162 62.6 mol% 1154:1162 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T was 62.6 mol%. 26296577 7 50 theme 62.6 mol 1154:1161 arg1 content 1123:1129 The DNA G+C content 1111:1129 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T 1111:1148 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T was 62.6 mol%. 26296577 15 51 theme type 1870:1873 arg1 CC5-806T 1885:1892 CC5-806T 1885:1892 CC5-806T ( = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T) 1885:1925 The type strain is CC5-806T ( = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T). 26296577 15 51 theme type 1870:1873 arg1 strain 1875:1880 The type strain 1866:1880 The type strain 1866:1880 The type strain is CC5-806T ( = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T). 26296577 6 52 theme family 1085:1090 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1092:1108 the family Microbacteriaceae 1081:1108 the family Microbacteriaceae 1081:1108 Phylogenetic trees revealed that strain CC5-806T did not show a clear affiliation to any genus within the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 11 53 theme major 1475:1479 arg1 anteiso-C15  1498:1509 anteiso-C15  1498:1509 anteiso-C15  1498:1509 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296577 11 53 theme major 1475:1479 arg1 acids 1487:1491 The major fatty acids 1471:1491 The major fatty acids 1471:1491 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296577 3 54 theme substrate 469:477 arg1 mycelium 479:486 substrate mycelium 469:486 substrate mycelium 469:486 This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelium or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26296577 10 55 theme unidentified 1348:1359 arg1 glycolipid 1361:1370 an unidentified glycolipid 1345:1370 an unidentified glycolipid 1345:1370 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 5 56 theme 16S 798:800 arg1 similarities 821:832 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 798:832 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %) 798:976 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 57 dep Glaciihabitans 935:948 arg1 tibetensis 950:959 tibetensis 950:959 tibetensis 950:959 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 2 58 theme non-spore-forming 198:214 arg1 bacterium 216:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 3 59 theme diffusible 513:522 arg1 pigments 524:531 no diffusible pigments 510:531 no diffusible pigments 510:531 This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelium or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26296577 5 60 theme Frigoribacterium 839:854 arg1 % 889:889 97.56 % 883:889 97.56 % 883:889 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 60 theme Frigoribacterium 839:854 arg1 6500707T 873:880 Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T 839:880 Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %) 839:890 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 13 61 theme gen. 1833:1836 arg1 nov. 1838:1841 the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 1802:1841 the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 1802:1841 It represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 2 62 theme strain 238:243 arg1 CC5-806T 245:252 strain CC5-806T 238:252 strain CC5-806T 238:252 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 5 63 theme EGI 869:871 arg1 % 889:889 97.56 % 883:889 97.56 % 883:889 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 63 theme EGI 869:871 arg1 6500707T 873:880 Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T 839:880 Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %) 839:890 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 12 64 theme chemotaxonomic 1606:1619 arg1 characteristics 1621:1635 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1591:1635 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1591:1635 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 7 65 theme strain 1134:1139 arg1 CC5-806T 1141:1148 strain CC5-806T 1134:1148 strain CC5-806T 1134:1148 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T was 62.6 mol%. 26296577 5 66 theme gene 807:810 arg1 similarities 821:832 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 798:832 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %) 798:976 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 8 67 theme diamino 1228:1234 arg1 acid 1236:1239 a diagnostic diamino acid 1215:1239 a diagnostic diamino acid 1215:1239 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained l-lysine as a diagnostic diamino acid. 26296577 8 67 theme diamino 1228:1234 arg1 l-lysine 1203:1210 l-lysine 1203:1210 l-lysine 1203:1210 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained l-lysine as a diagnostic diamino acid. 26296577 5 68 theme similarities 821:832 arg1 levels 788:793 the highest levels 776:793 the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %) 776:976 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 2 69 theme taxonomic 418:426 arg1 position 428:435 its taxonomic position 414:435 its taxonomic position 414:435 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 10 70 theme unidentified 1378:1389 arg1 phospholipids 1391:1403 four unidentified phospholipids 1373:1403 four unidentified phospholipids 1373:1403 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 10 71 located detected 1433:1440 arg2 glycolipid 1361:1370 an unidentified glycolipid 1345:1370 an unidentified glycolipid 1345:1370 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 10 71 located detected 1433:1440 arg1 extracts 1461:1468 the polar lipid extracts 1445:1468 the polar lipid extracts 1445:1468 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 10 71 located detected 1433:1440 arg2 lipids 1421:1426 other polar lipids 1409:1426 other polar lipids 1409:1426 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 10 71 located detected 1433:1440 arg2 Phosphatidylglycerol 1299:1318 Phosphatidylglycerol 1299:1318 Phosphatidylglycerol 1299:1318 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 10 71 located detected 1433:1440 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1321:1342 diphosphatidylglycerol 1321:1342 diphosphatidylglycerol 1321:1342 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 10 71 located detected 1433:1440 arg2 phospholipids 1391:1403 four unidentified phospholipids 1373:1403 four unidentified phospholipids 1373:1403 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 13 72 theme Lysinibacter 1811:1822 arg1 nov. 1838:1841 the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 1802:1841 the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 1802:1841 It represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 7 73 theme DNA 1115:1117 arg1 % 1162:1162 62.6 mol% 1154:1162 62.6 mol% 1154:1162 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T was 62.6 mol%. 26296577 7 73 theme DNA 1115:1117 arg1 content 1123:1129 The DNA G+C content 1111:1129 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T 1111:1148 The DNA G+C content of strain CC5-806T was 62.6 mol%. 26296577 12 74 theme phenotypic 1591:1600 arg1 characteristics 1621:1635 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1591:1635 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1591:1635 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 13 75 theme genus 1785:1789 arg1 species 1766:1772 a novel species 1758:1772 a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp 1758:1845 It represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 5 76 theme 16S 668:670 arg1 sequences 682:690 16S rRNA gene sequences 668:690 16S rRNA gene sequences 668:690 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 1 77 theme new 45:47 arg1 member 49:54 a new member 43:54 a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave 43:113 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave. 26296577 1 77 theme new 45:47 arg1 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave. 26296577 10 78 theme polar 1415:1419 arg1 lipids 1421:1426 other polar lipids 1409:1426 other polar lipids 1409:1426 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 0 79 theme cavernae 13:20 arg1 nov. 27:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 0:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 0:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 12 80 theme phylogenetic 1564:1575 arg1 analysis 1577:1584 the phylogenetic analysis 1560:1584 the phylogenetic analysis 1560:1584 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 6 81 theme Phylogenetic 979:990 arg1 trees 992:996 Phylogenetic trees 979:996 Phylogenetic trees 979:996 Phylogenetic trees revealed that strain CC5-806T did not show a clear affiliation to any genus within the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 2 82 theme Wulong 327:332 arg1 Chongqing 342:350 Chongqing 342:350 Chongqing 342:350 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 2 82 theme Wulong 327:332 arg1 China 356:360 PR China 353:360 PR China 353:360 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 2 82 theme Wulong 327:332 arg1 region 334:339 the Wulong region 323:339 the Wulong region 323:339 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 5 83 theme family 740:745 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 747:763 the family Microbacteriaceae 736:763 the family Microbacteriaceae 736:763 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 1 84 theme family 63:68 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 70:86 the family Microbacteriaceae 59:86 the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave 59:113 nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from a karst cave. 26296577 2 85 dep Gram-stain-positive 118:136 arg1 rod-shaped 174:183 rod-shaped 174:183 rod-shaped 174:183 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 5 86 theme faeni 910:914 arg1 % 928:928 97.53 % 922:928 97.53 % 922:928 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 5 86 theme faeni 910:914 arg1 801T 916:919 Frigoribacterium faeni 801T 893:919 Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) 893:929 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain CC5-806T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Frigoribacterium endophyticum EGI 6500707T (97.56 %), Frigoribacterium faeni 801T (97.53 %) and Glaciihabitans tibetensis MP203T (97.42 %). 26296577 2 87 theme straight 148:155 arg1 bacterium 216:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 2 88 theme aerobic 139:145 arg1 bacterium 216:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 116:224 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC5-806T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a wild karst cave in the Wulong region, Chongqing, PR China and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26296577 0 89 dep sp 33:34 arg1 nov. 27:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 0:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov. 0:30 Lysinibacter cavernae gen. nov., sp. 26296577 6 90 theme clear 1043:1047 arg1 affiliation 1049:1059 a clear affiliation 1041:1059 a clear affiliation to any genus within the family Microbacteriaceae 1041:1108 Phylogenetic trees revealed that strain CC5-806T did not show a clear affiliation to any genus within the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 15 91 theme  = DSM 1895:1900 arg1 1.14983T 1917:1924  = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T 1895:1924  = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T 1895:1924 The type strain is CC5-806T ( = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T). 26296577 15 91 theme  = DSM 1895:1900 arg1 CC5-806T 1885:1892 CC5-806T 1885:1892 CC5-806T ( = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T) 1885:1925 The type strain is CC5-806T ( = DSM 27960T = CGMCC 1.14983T). 26296577 10 92 theme polar 1449:1453 arg1 extracts 1461:1468 the polar lipid extracts 1445:1468 the polar lipid extracts 1445:1468 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and other polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26296577 12 93 dep analysis 1577:1584 arg1 the 1547:1549 the 1547:1549 the 1547:1549 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 12 93 dep analysis 1577:1584 arg1 basis 1551:1555 basis 1551:1555 basis 1551:1555 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CC5-806T was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26296577 3 94 located observed 538:545 arg1 media 554:558 the media 550:558 the media tested 550:565 This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelium or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26296577 3 94 located observed 538:545 arg2 pigments 524:531 no diffusible pigments 510:531 no diffusible pigments 510:531 This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelium or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26048306 12 0 theme total 1786:1790 arg1 bacteria 1802:1809 colonic total anaerobic bacteria 1778:1809 colonic total anaerobic bacteria 1778:1809 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 11 1 from spent 1563:1567 arg1 interactions 1655:1666 interactions 1655:1666 interactions with the unfamiliar horse 1655:1692 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 11 1 from spent 1563:1567 arg1 vigilance 1627:1635 vigilance 1627:1635 vigilance 1627:1635 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 11 1 from spent 1563:1567 arg1 spent 1646:1650 time spent 1641:1650 time spent 1641:1650 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 11 1 from spent 1563:1567 arg1 vigilance 1572:1580 vigilance 1572:1580 vigilance 1572:1580 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 4 2 theme stress 534:539 arg1 changes 567:573 alimentary stress and microbial composition changes 523:573 alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem 523:607 The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent changes in behavior are associated with alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem. 26048306 6 3 from % 808:808 arg1 diet 769:772 high-starch diet 757:772 high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 757:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 3 from % 808:808 arg1 days 834:837 5 days 832:837 5 days 832:837 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 3 from % 808:808 arg1 diet 710:713 a high-fiber diet 697:713 a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber 697:751 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 3 from % 808:808 arg1 hay 721:723 100% hay 716:723 100% hay 716:723 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 10 4 dep analyzed 1384:1391 arg1 vigilant 1500:1507 lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant 1466:1507 lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant 1466:1507 Video recordings were analyzed by scan sampling every 10 min using the following behavioral categories: lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant. 26048306 11 5 theme time 1613:1616 arg1 spent 1618:1622 time spent 1613:1622 time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse 1613:1692 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 13 6 theme hay–43 1908:1913 arg1 % 1906:1906 % 1906:1906 % 1906:1906 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 9 7 from reaction 1317:1324 arg1 stall 1354:1358 a stall 1352:1358 a stall 1352:1358 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 4 8 theme microbial 545:553 arg1 composition 555:565 microbial composition 545:565 microbial composition 545:565 The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent changes in behavior are associated with alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem. 26048306 9 9 theme object 1237:1242 arg1 presence 1217:1224 the presence 1213:1224 the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena 1213:1279 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 12 10 theme significant 1753:1763 arg1 increases 1765:1773 significant increases 1753:1773 significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations 1753:1876 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 6 11 theme % 794:794 arg1 % 808:808 10% barley to 57% 792:808 10% barley to 57% 792:808 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 15 12 theme horses 2424:2429 arg1 pain 2416:2419 intestinal pain 2405:2419 intestinal pain of horses on farms 2405:2438 It might prove useful to prevent intestinal pain of horses on farms. 26048306 14 13 theme microbiota 2249:2258 arg1 modulation 2231:2240 dietary-induced modulation 2215:2240 dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota 2215:2258 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 8 14 theme video 1080:1084 arg1 recording 1086:1094 continuous video recording 1069:1094 continuous video recording 1069:1094 The behavior of horses was assessed from continuous video recording over an 18-h time period. 26048306 7 15 dep diet 981:984 arg1 twice 961:965 twice 961:965 twice 961:965 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 6 16 theme % 719:719 arg1 hay 721:723 100% hay 716:723 100% hay 716:723 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 16 theme % 719:719 arg1 diet 710:713 a high-fiber diet 697:713 a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber 697:751 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 13 17 dep % 1914:1914 arg1 % 1906:1906 % 1906:1906 % 1906:1906 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 13 18 theme colonic 2111:2117 arg1 concentrations 2139:2152 cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations 2083:2152 cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test 2083:2178 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 5 19 used used 637:640 arg2 horses 625:630 Six fistulated horses 610:630 Six fistulated horses 610:630 Six fistulated horses were used. 26048306 6 20 from % 782:782 arg1 diet 769:772 high-starch diet 757:772 high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 757:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 20 from % 782:782 arg1 days 834:837 5 days 832:837 5 days 832:837 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 20 from % 782:782 arg1 diet 710:713 a high-fiber diet 697:713 a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber 697:751 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 20 from % 782:782 arg1 hay 721:723 100% hay 716:723 100% hay 716:723 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 11 21 with interactions 1655:1666 arg1 horse 1688:1692 the unfamiliar horse 1673:1692 the unfamiliar horse 1673:1692 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 2 22 dep high-starch 252:262 arg1 diets 278:282 diets 278:282 diets 278:282 However, during training, high-starch and low-fiber diets are usually fed which may induce hindgut microbial disturbances and intestinal pain. 26048306 8 23 theme 18-h 1104:1107 arg1 period 1114:1119 an 18-h time period 1101:1119 an 18-h time period 1101:1119 The behavior of horses was assessed from continuous video recording over an 18-h time period. 26048306 14 24 used used 2318:2321 arg2 cues 2306:2309 behavioral cues 2295:2309 behavioral cues 2295:2309 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 14 24 used used 2318:2321 arg2 indicators 2339:2348 non-invasive indicators 2326:2348 non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress 2326:2369 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 6 25 from diet 769:772 arg1 diet 687:690 diet 687:690 diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 687:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 25 from diet 769:772 arg1 stress 658:663 The alimentary stress 643:663 The alimentary stress 643:663 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 25 from diet 769:772 arg1 modification 671:682 a modification 669:682 a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 669:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 7 26 theme lactate-utilizing 905:921 arg1 bacteria 923:930 total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 859:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 841:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 7 27 theme total 859:863 arg1 bacteria 923:930 total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 859:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 841:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 7 28 theme high-fiber 970:979 arg1 diet 981:984 high-fiber diet 970:984 high-fiber diet 970:984 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 12 29 theme bacteria 1854:1861 arg1 increases 1765:1773 significant increases 1753:1773 significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations 1753:1876 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 7 30 theme amylolytic 890:899 arg1 bacteria 923:930 total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 859:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 841:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 12 31 theme bacteria 1802:1809 arg1 increases 1765:1773 significant increases 1753:1773 significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations 1753:1876 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 9 32 dep neophobia 1172:1180 arg1 assessed 1183:1190 assessed 1183:1190 assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena 1183:1279 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 12 33 theme lactate-utilizing 1812:1828 arg1 bacteria 1830:1837 lactate-utilizing bacteria 1812:1837 lactate-utilizing bacteria 1812:1837 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 14 34 theme horse 2271:2275 arg1 behavior 2277:2284 horse behavior 2271:2284 horse behavior 2271:2284 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 1 35 theme horses 143:148 arg1 system 133:138 The digestive system 119:138 The digestive system of horses 119:148 The digestive system of horses is adapted to a high-fiber diet consumed in small amounts over a long time. 26048306 9 36 dep measured 1162:1169 arg1 sociability 1286:1296 sociability 1286:1296 sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall) 1286:1359 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 9 36 dep measured 1162:1169 arg1 neophobia 1172:1180 neophobia 1172:1180 neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) 1172:1280 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 13 37 theme barley 1916:1921 arg1 diet 1923:1926 the 57% hay–43% barley diet 1900:1926 the 57% hay–43% barley diet 1900:1926 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 9 38 dep sociability 1286:1296 arg1 assessed 1299:1306 assessed 1299:1306 assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall 1299:1358 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 14 39 theme alimentary 2353:2362 arg1 stress 2364:2369 alimentary stress 2353:2369 alimentary stress 2353:2369 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 11 40 theme time 1641:1644 arg1 spent 1646:1650 time spent 1641:1650 time spent 1641:1650 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 0 41 theme stress 92:97 arg1 response 99:106 behavioral stress response 81:106 behavioral stress response in horses 81:116 Changes of the hindgut microbiota due to high-starch diet can be associated with behavioral stress response in horses. 26048306 9 42 theme personality 1138:1148 arg1 traits 1150:1155 two personality traits 1134:1155 two personality traits 1134:1155 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 4 43 theme present 435:441 arg1 study 443:447 the present study 431:447 the present study 431:447 The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent changes in behavior are associated with alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem. 26048306 6 44 theme alimentary 647:656 arg1 stress 658:663 The alimentary stress 643:663 The alimentary stress 643:663 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 44 theme alimentary 647:656 arg1 modification 671:682 a modification 669:682 a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 669:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 7 45 theme barley 1014:1019 arg1 diet 1021:1024 43% barley diet 1010:1024 43% barley diet 1010:1024 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 7 46 theme 43 1010:1011 arg1 % 1012:1012 % 1012:1012 % 1012:1012 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 13 47 theme cecal 1993:1997 arg1 concentrations 2031:2044 cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations 1993:2044 cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test 1993:2072 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 10 48 theme following 1433:1441 arg1 categories 1454:1463 the following behavioral categories 1429:1463 the following behavioral categories 1429:1463 Video recordings were analyzed by scan sampling every 10 min using the following behavioral categories: lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant. 26048306 0 49 theme microbiota 23:32 arg1 Changes 0:6 Changes 0:6 Changes of the hindgut microbiota due to high-starch diet 0:56 Changes of the hindgut microbiota due to high-starch diet can be associated with behavioral stress response in horses. 26048306 4 50 from changes 483:489 arg1 behavior 494:501 behavior 494:501 behavior 494:501 The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent changes in behavior are associated with alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem. 26048306 14 51 theme non-invasive 2326:2337 arg1 cues 2306:2309 behavioral cues 2295:2309 behavioral cues 2295:2309 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 14 51 theme non-invasive 2326:2337 arg1 indicators 2339:2348 non-invasive indicators 2326:2348 non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress 2326:2369 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 13 52 theme neophobia 2165:2173 arg1 test 2175:2178 the neophobia test 2161:2178 the neophobia test 2161:2178 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 13 53 dep cecal 2083:2087 arg1 lactate-utilizing 2089:2105 lactate-utilizing 2089:2105 lactate-utilizing 2089:2105 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 10 54 theme resting 1473:1479 arg1 vigilant 1500:1507 lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant 1466:1507 lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant 1466:1507 Video recordings were analyzed by scan sampling every 10 min using the following behavioral categories: lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant. 26048306 7 55 theme 57 998:999 arg1 % 1000:1000 % 1000:1000 % 1000:1000 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 6 56 dep % 782:782 arg1 barley 822:827 barley 822:827 barley 822:827 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 56 dep % 782:782 arg1 hay 784:786 hay 784:786 hay 784:786 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 56 dep % 782:782 arg1 hay 810:812 hay 810:812 hay 810:812 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 14 57 theme dietary-induced 2215:2229 arg1 modulation 2231:2240 dietary-induced modulation 2215:2240 dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota 2215:2258 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 10 58 theme lying 1466:1470 arg1 vigilant 1500:1507 lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant 1466:1507 lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant 1466:1507 Video recordings were analyzed by scan sampling every 10 min using the following behavioral categories: lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant. 26048306 1 59 theme small 194:198 arg1 amounts 200:206 small amounts 194:206 small amounts 194:206 The digestive system of horses is adapted to a high-fiber diet consumed in small amounts over a long time. 26048306 6 60 theme high-starch 757:767 arg1 diet 769:772 high-starch diet 757:772 high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 757:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 13 61 theme bacteria 2130:2137 arg1 concentrations 2139:2152 cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations 2083:2152 cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test 2083:2178 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 6 62 from diet 710:713 arg1 diet 687:690 diet 687:690 diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 687:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 62 from diet 710:713 arg1 stress 658:663 The alimentary stress 643:663 The alimentary stress 643:663 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 62 from diet 710:713 arg1 modification 671:682 a modification 669:682 a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 669:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 4 63 theme composition 555:565 arg1 changes 567:573 alimentary stress and microbial composition changes 523:573 alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem 523:607 The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent changes in behavior are associated with alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem. 26048306 6 64 theme diet 687:690 arg1 stress 658:663 The alimentary stress 643:663 The alimentary stress 643:663 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 64 theme diet 687:690 arg1 modification 671:682 a modification 669:682 a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 669:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 10 65 theme being 1494:1498 arg1 vigilant 1500:1507 lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant 1466:1507 lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant 1466:1507 Video recordings were analyzed by scan sampling every 10 min using the following behavioral categories: lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant. 26048306 13 66 theme time 1929:1932 arg1 spent 1934:1938 time spent 1929:1938 time spent in vigilance 1929:1951 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 14 67 theme behavioral 2295:2304 arg1 cues 2306:2309 behavioral cues 2295:2309 behavioral cues 2295:2309 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 14 67 theme behavioral 2295:2304 arg1 indicators 2339:2348 non-invasive indicators 2326:2348 non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress 2326:2369 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 6 68 from modification 671:682 arg1 diet 769:772 high-starch diet 757:772 high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 757:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 68 from modification 671:682 arg1 hay 721:723 100% hay 716:723 100% hay 716:723 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 68 from modification 671:682 arg1 diet 710:713 a high-fiber diet 697:713 a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber 697:751 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 10 69 theme feeding 1482:1488 arg1 vigilant 1500:1507 lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant 1466:1507 lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant 1466:1507 Video recordings were analyzed by scan sampling every 10 min using the following behavioral categories: lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant. 26048306 1 70 theme long 215:218 arg1 time 220:223 a long time 213:223 a long time 213:223 The digestive system of horses is adapted to a high-fiber diet consumed in small amounts over a long time. 26048306 12 71 theme colonic 1778:1784 arg1 bacteria 1802:1809 colonic total anaerobic bacteria 1778:1809 colonic total anaerobic bacteria 1778:1809 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 15 72 from pain 2416:2419 arg1 farms 2434:2438 farms 2434:2438 farms 2434:2438 It might prove useful to prevent intestinal pain of horses on farms. 26048306 4 73 theme alimentary 523:532 arg1 stress 534:539 alimentary stress 523:539 alimentary stress 523:539 The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent changes in behavior are associated with alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem. 26048306 5 74 theme fistulated 614:623 arg1 horses 625:630 Six fistulated horses 610:630 Six fistulated horses 610:630 Six fistulated horses were used. 26048306 6 75 theme progressive 731:741 arg1 low-fiber 743:751 a progressive low-fiber 729:751 a progressive low-fiber 729:751 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 9 76 theme novel 1231:1235 arg1 object 1237:1242 a novel object 1229:1242 a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena 1229:1279 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 12 77 theme alimentary 1727:1736 arg1 stress 1738:1743 The alimentary stress 1723:1743 The alimentary stress 1723:1743 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 6 78 theme barley 796:801 arg1 % 808:808 10% barley to 57% 792:808 10% barley to 57% 792:808 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 79 dep % 808:808 arg1 to 803:804 to 803:804 to 803:804 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 13 80 theme cecal 2083:2087 arg1 concentrations 2139:2152 cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations 2083:2152 cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test 2083:2178 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 6 81 theme 10 792:793 arg1 % 794:794 % 794:794 % 794:794 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 8 82 theme continuous 1069:1078 arg1 recording 1086:1094 continuous video recording 1069:1094 continuous video recording 1069:1094 The behavior of horses was assessed from continuous video recording over an 18-h time period. 26048306 10 83 theme Video 1362:1366 arg1 recordings 1368:1377 Video recordings 1362:1377 Video recordings 1362:1377 Video recordings were analyzed by scan sampling every 10 min using the following behavioral categories: lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant. 26048306 11 84 theme time 1558:1561 arg1 spent 1563:1567 time spent 1558:1567 time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test 1558:1606 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 6 85 theme 100 716:718 arg1 % 719:719 % 719:719 % 719:719 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 1 86 theme high-fiber 166:175 arg1 diet 177:180 a high-fiber diet 164:180 a high-fiber diet consumed in small amounts over a long time 164:223 The digestive system of horses is adapted to a high-fiber diet consumed in small amounts over a long time. 26048306 2 87 theme microbial 325:333 arg1 disturbances 335:346 hindgut microbial disturbances 317:346 hindgut microbial disturbances 317:346 However, during training, high-starch and low-fiber diets are usually fed which may induce hindgut microbial disturbances and intestinal pain. 26048306 13 88 theme amylolytic 2011:2020 arg1 concentrations 2031:2044 cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations 1993:2044 cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test 1993:2072 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 4 89 theme cecal 582:586 arg1 ecosystem 599:607 the cecal or colonic ecosystem 578:607 the cecal or colonic ecosystem 578:607 The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent changes in behavior are associated with alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem. 26048306 15 90 theme intestinal 2405:2414 arg1 pain 2416:2419 intestinal pain 2405:2419 intestinal pain of horses on farms 2405:2438 It might prove useful to prevent intestinal pain of horses on farms. 26048306 9 91 theme test 1270:1273 arg1 arena 1275:1279 a test arena 1268:1279 a test arena 1268:1279 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 13 92 dep diet 1923:1926 arg1 % 1914:1914 % 1914:1914 % 1914:1914 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 4 93 theme colonic 591:597 arg1 ecosystem 599:607 the cecal or colonic ecosystem 578:607 the cecal or colonic ecosystem 578:607 The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent changes in behavior are associated with alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem. 26048306 13 94 theme 57 1904:1905 arg1 % 1906:1906 % 1906:1906 % 1906:1906 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 11 95 theme unfamiliar 1677:1686 arg1 horse 1688:1692 the unfamiliar horse 1673:1692 the unfamiliar horse 1673:1692 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 7 96 theme cellulolytic 876:887 arg1 bacteria 923:930 total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 859:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 841:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 13 97 theme bacteria 2022:2029 arg1 concentrations 2031:2044 cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations 1993:2044 cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test 1993:2072 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 8 98 theme horses 1044:1049 arg1 behavior 1032:1039 The behavior 1028:1039 The behavior of horses 1028:1049 The behavior of horses was assessed from continuous video recording over an 18-h time period. 26048306 0 99 from response 99:106 arg1 horses 111:116 horses 111:116 horses 111:116 Changes of the hindgut microbiota due to high-starch diet can be associated with behavioral stress response in horses. 26048306 12 100 theme bacteria 1830:1837 arg1 increases 1765:1773 significant increases 1753:1773 significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations 1753:1876 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 8 101 theme time 1109:1112 arg1 period 1114:1119 an 18-h time period 1101:1119 an 18-h time period 1101:1119 The behavior of horses was assessed from continuous video recording over an 18-h time period. 26048306 7 102 theme anaerobic 865:873 arg1 bacteria 923:930 total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 859:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 841:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 12 103 theme amylolytic 1843:1852 arg1 bacteria 1854:1861 amylolytic bacteria 1843:1861 amylolytic bacteria 1843:1861 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 11 104 theme sociability 1705:1715 arg1 test 1717:1720 the sociability test 1701:1720 the sociability test 1701:1720 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 7 105 theme colonic 851:857 arg1 bacteria 923:930 total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 859:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 841:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 1 106 theme digestive 123:131 arg1 system 133:138 The digestive system 119:138 The digestive system of horses 119:148 The digestive system of horses is adapted to a high-fiber diet consumed in small amounts over a long time. 26048306 12 107 theme anaerobic 1792:1800 arg1 bacteria 1802:1809 colonic total anaerobic bacteria 1778:1809 colonic total anaerobic bacteria 1778:1809 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 7 108 theme Cecal 841:845 arg1 bacteria 923:930 total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 859:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria 841:930 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 13 109 theme colonic 2003:2009 arg1 concentrations 2031:2044 cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations 1993:2044 cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test 1993:2072 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 11 110 theme time 1535:1538 arg1 spent 1540:1544 time spent 1535:1544 time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test 1535:1720 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 0 111 theme behavioral 81:90 arg1 response 99:106 behavioral stress response 81:106 behavioral stress response in horses 81:116 Changes of the hindgut microbiota due to high-starch diet can be associated with behavioral stress response in horses. 26048306 13 112 theme sociability 2057:2067 arg1 test 2069:2072 the sociability test 2053:2072 the sociability test 2053:2072 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 14 113 theme stress 2364:2369 arg1 cues 2306:2309 behavioral cues 2295:2309 behavioral cues 2295:2309 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 14 113 theme stress 2364:2369 arg1 indicators 2339:2348 non-invasive indicators 2326:2348 non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress 2326:2369 These correlations suggested that dietary-induced modulation of the microbiota may affect horse behavior and that behavioral cues may be used as non-invasive indicators of alimentary stress. 26048306 11 114 from spent 1618:1622 arg1 interactions 1655:1666 interactions 1655:1666 interactions with the unfamiliar horse 1655:1692 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 11 114 from spent 1618:1622 arg1 vigilance 1627:1635 vigilance 1627:1635 vigilance 1627:1635 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 11 114 from spent 1618:1622 arg1 spent 1646:1650 time spent 1641:1650 time spent 1641:1650 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 11 114 from spent 1618:1622 arg1 vigilance 1572:1580 vigilance 1572:1580 vigilance 1572:1580 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 9 115 theme unfamiliar 1332:1341 arg1 horse 1343:1347 an unfamiliar horse 1329:1347 an unfamiliar horse 1329:1347 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 4 116 theme study 443:447 arg1 aim 424:426 The aim 420:426 The aim of the present study 420:447 The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent changes in behavior are associated with alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem. 26048306 2 117 theme intestinal 352:361 arg1 pain 363:366 intestinal pain 352:366 intestinal pain 352:366 However, during training, high-starch and low-fiber diets are usually fed which may induce hindgut microbial disturbances and intestinal pain. 26048306 7 118 theme % 1012:1012 arg1 diet 1021:1024 43% barley diet 1010:1024 43% barley diet 1010:1024 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 7 119 from times 954:958 arg1 diet 981:984 high-fiber diet 970:984 high-fiber diet 970:984 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 7 119 from times 954:958 arg1 diet 1021:1024 43% barley diet 1010:1024 43% barley diet 1010:1024 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 7 119 from times 954:958 arg1 hay 1002:1004 57% hay 998:1004 57% hay 998:1004 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 0 120 theme hindgut 15:21 arg1 microbiota 23:32 the hindgut microbiota 11:32 the hindgut microbiota 11:32 Changes of the hindgut microbiota due to high-starch diet can be associated with behavioral stress response in horses. 26048306 12 121 dep bacteria 1802:1809 arg1 concentrations 1863:1876 concentrations 1863:1876 concentrations 1863:1876 The alimentary stress induced significant increases of colonic total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria concentrations. 26048306 10 122 theme behavioral 1443:1452 arg1 categories 1454:1463 the following behavioral categories 1429:1463 the following behavioral categories 1429:1463 Video recordings were analyzed by scan sampling every 10 min using the following behavioral categories: lying, resting, feeding and being vigilant. 26048306 7 123 theme % 1000:1000 arg1 hay 1002:1004 57% hay 998:1004 57% hay 998:1004 Cecal and colonic total anaerobic, cellulolytic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria were enumerated three times (twice on high-fiber diet and once on 57% hay and 43% barley diet). 26048306 4 124 theme ecosystem 599:607 arg1 changes 567:573 alimentary stress and microbial composition changes 523:573 alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem 523:607 The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent changes in behavior are associated with alimentary stress and microbial composition changes of the cecal or colonic ecosystem. 26048306 0 125 theme high-starch 41:51 arg1 diet 53:56 high-starch diet 41:56 high-starch diet 41:56 Changes of the hindgut microbiota due to high-starch diet can be associated with behavioral stress response in horses. 26048306 13 126 from spent 1934:1938 arg1 vigilance 1943:1951 vigilance 1943:1951 vigilance 1943:1951 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 6 127 theme high-fiber 699:708 arg1 hay 721:723 100% hay 716:723 100% hay 716:723 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 127 theme high-fiber 699:708 arg1 diet 710:713 a high-fiber diet 697:713 a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber 697:751 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 13 128 theme amylolytic 2119:2128 arg1 concentrations 2139:2152 cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations 2083:2152 cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test 2083:2178 When horses were fed the 57% hay–43% barley diet, time spent in vigilance tended to be positively correlated with cecal and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the sociability test and with cecal lactate-utilizing and colonic amylolytic bacteria concentrations during the neophobia test. 26048306 6 129 from % 820:820 arg1 diet 769:772 high-starch diet 757:772 high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days) 757:838 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 129 from % 820:820 arg1 days 834:837 5 days 832:837 5 days 832:837 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 129 from % 820:820 arg1 diet 710:713 a high-fiber diet 697:713 a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber 697:751 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 6 129 from % 820:820 arg1 hay 721:723 100% hay 716:723 100% hay 716:723 The alimentary stress was a modification of diet from a high-fiber diet (100% hay) to a progressive low-fiber and high-starch diet (from 90% hay and 10% barley to 57% hay and 43% barley in 5 days). 26048306 11 130 theme neophobia 1593:1601 arg1 test 1603:1606 the neophobia test 1589:1606 the neophobia test 1589:1606 In addition, we recorded time spent feeding and time spent in vigilance during the neophobia test, and time spent in vigilance and time spent in interactions with the unfamiliar horse during the sociability test. 26048306 9 131 from feeder 1258:1263 arg1 arena 1275:1279 a test arena 1268:1279 a test arena 1268:1279 In addition two personality traits were measured: neophobia (assessed from the reaction to the presence of a novel object placed near a feeder in a test arena) and sociability (assessed from the reaction to an unfamiliar horse in a stall). 26048306 3 132 theme alimentary 401:410 arg1 diets 375:379 These diets 369:379 These diets 369:379 These diets can be described as alimentary stress. 26048306 3 132 theme alimentary 401:410 arg1 stress 412:417 alimentary stress 401:417 alimentary stress 401:417 These diets can be described as alimentary stress. 26048306 2 133 theme hindgut 317:323 arg1 disturbances 335:346 hindgut microbial disturbances 317:346 hindgut microbial disturbances 317:346 However, during training, high-starch and low-fiber diets are usually fed which may induce hindgut microbial disturbances and intestinal pain. 29254052 5 0 dep had 879:881 arg1 stability 946:954 foaming stability 938:954 foaming stability 938:954 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 0 dep had 879:881 arg1 % 932:932 foaming capacity 143% 912:932 foaming capacity 143% 912:932 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 1 theme best 887:890 arg1 properties 900:909 the best foaming properties 883:909 the best foaming properties 883:909 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 0 2 theme Functional 83:92 arg1 properties 94:103 Functional properties 83:103 Functional properties 83:103 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 29254052 4 3 theme acid 566:569 arg1 concentration 571:583 acid concentration 566:583 acid concentration 566:583 Sulfur content increased with temperature and acid concentration, while molecular weight decreased with temperature and concentration. 29254052 5 4 theme 0.05M 733:737 arg1 90°C 727:730 90°C 727:730 90°C 727:730 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 4 theme 0.05M 733:737 arg1 HCl 739:741 0.05M HCl 733:741 0.05M HCl 733:741 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 5 theme property 666:673 arg1 analysis 675:682 Functional property analysis 655:682 Functional property analysis 655:682 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 3 6 theme major 420:424 arg1 monosaccharides 426:440 major monosaccharides 420:440 major monosaccharides 420:440 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 2 7 theme extraction 346:355 arg1 conditions 357:366 extraction conditions 346:366 extraction conditions 346:366 The properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides could be controlled by extraction conditions. 29254052 1 8 dep Ulva 171:174 arg1 prolifera 176:184 prolifera 176:184 prolifera 176:184 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera were effectively extracted by microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology. 29254052 6 9 theme 0.1M 1028:1031 arg1 HCl 1033:1035 0.1M HCl 1028:1035 0.1M HCl 1028:1035 In addition, polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.1M HCl exhibited higher antioxidant activity and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. 29254052 6 9 theme 0.1M 1028:1031 arg1 150°C 1021:1025 150°C 1021:1025 150°C 1021:1025 In addition, polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.1M HCl exhibited higher antioxidant activity and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. 29254052 4 10 theme Sulfur 520:525 arg1 content 527:533 Sulfur content 520:533 Sulfur content 520:533 Sulfur content increased with temperature and acid concentration, while molecular weight decreased with temperature and concentration. 29254052 1 11 from algae 165:169 arg1 polysaccharides 133:147 Sulfated polysaccharides 124:147 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera 124:184 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera were effectively extracted by microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology. 29254052 3 12 from 90°C 445:448 arg1 monosaccharides 426:440 major monosaccharides 420:440 major monosaccharides 420:440 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 5 13 theme foaming 892:898 arg1 properties 900:909 the best foaming properties 883:909 the best foaming properties 883:909 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 14 theme 0.05M 869:873 arg1 150°C 862:866 150°C 862:866 150°C 862:866 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 14 theme 0.05M 869:873 arg1 HCl 875:877 0.05M HCl 869:877 0.05M HCl 869:877 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 15 theme foaming 912:918 arg1 % 932:932 foaming capacity 143% 912:932 foaming capacity 143% 912:932 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 6 16 theme inhibition 1097:1106 arg1 activity 1108:1115 pancreatic lipase inhibition activity 1079:1115 pancreatic lipase inhibition activity 1079:1115 In addition, polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.1M HCl exhibited higher antioxidant activity and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. 29254052 0 17 theme Microwave 0:8 arg1 extraction 32:41 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction 0:41 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 0:122 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 29254052 5 18 theme capacity 920:927 arg1 % 932:932 foaming capacity 143% 912:932 foaming capacity 143% 912:932 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 0 19 theme assisted 10:17 arg1 extraction 32:41 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction 0:41 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 0:122 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 29254052 3 20 theme galacturonic 385:396 arg1 acid 398:401 galacturonic acid 385:401 galacturonic acid 385:401 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 7 21 theme polysaccharide 1143:1156 arg1 weight 1181:1186 polysaccharide compositions/molecular weight 1143:1186 polysaccharide compositions/molecular weight 1143:1186 The relationship between polysaccharide compositions/molecular weight and properties/bioactivities was discussed. 29254052 3 22 theme 0.01M 455:459 arg1 HCl 461:463 0.01M HCl 455:463 0.01M HCl 455:463 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 7 23 theme compositions/molecular 1158:1179 arg1 weight 1181:1186 polysaccharide compositions/molecular weight 1143:1186 polysaccharide compositions/molecular weight 1143:1186 The relationship between polysaccharide compositions/molecular weight and properties/bioactivities was discussed. 29254052 3 24 with 90°C 445:448 arg1 HCl 461:463 0.01M HCl 455:463 0.01M HCl 455:463 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 1 25 theme microwave 216:224 arg1 technology 259:268 microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology 216:268 microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology 216:268 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera were effectively extracted by microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology. 29254052 3 26 with 150°C 499:503 arg1 HCl 515:517 0.1M HCl 510:517 0.1M HCl 510:517 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 5 27 theme Functional 655:664 arg1 analysis 675:682 Functional property analysis 655:682 Functional property analysis 655:682 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 6 28 theme lipase 1090:1095 arg1 activity 1108:1115 pancreatic lipase inhibition activity 1079:1115 pancreatic lipase inhibition activity 1079:1115 In addition, polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.1M HCl exhibited higher antioxidant activity and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. 29254052 3 29 theme 0.1M 510:513 arg1 HCl 515:517 0.1M HCl 510:517 0.1M HCl 510:517 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 0 30 theme hydrothermal 19:30 arg1 extraction 32:41 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction 0:41 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 0:122 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 29254052 1 31 theme Sulfated 124:131 arg1 polysaccharides 133:147 Sulfated polysaccharides 124:147 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera 124:184 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera were effectively extracted by microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology. 29254052 1 32 theme hydrothermal 235:246 arg1 technology 259:268 microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology 216:268 microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology 216:268 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera were effectively extracted by microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology. 29254052 0 33 theme polysaccharides 46:60 arg1 extraction 32:41 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction 0:41 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 0:122 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 29254052 5 34 contain had 879:881 arg2 properties 900:909 the best foaming properties 883:909 the best foaming properties 883:909 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 34 contain had 879:881 arg1 polysaccharides 831:845 polysaccharides 831:845 polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl 831:877 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 3 35 theme major 482:486 arg1 monomer 488:494 the major monomer 478:494 the major monomer 478:494 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 3 35 theme major 482:486 arg1 glucose 466:472 glucose 466:472 glucose 466:472 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 1 36 theme extraction 248:257 arg1 technology 259:268 microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology 216:268 microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology 216:268 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera were effectively extracted by microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology. 29254052 5 37 dep % 932:932 arg1 % 959:959 113% 956:959 113% 956:959 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 3 38 from 150°C 499:503 arg1 monomer 488:494 the major monomer 478:494 the major monomer 478:494 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 3 38 from 150°C 499:503 arg1 glucose 466:472 glucose 466:472 glucose 466:472 While rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose were major monosaccharides at 90°C with 0.01M HCl, glucose was the major monomer at 150°C with 0.1M HCl. 29254052 2 39 dep properties 275:284 arg1 The 271:273 The 271:273 The 271:273 The properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides could be controlled by extraction conditions. 29254052 5 40 theme oil-holding 794:804 arg1 15.09g/g 816:823 15.09g/g 816:823 15.09g/g 816:823 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 40 theme oil-holding 794:804 arg1 capacity 806:813 oil-holding capacity 794:813 oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g) 794:824 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 0 41 from prolifera 72:80 arg1 extraction 32:41 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction 0:41 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 0:122 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 29254052 4 42 theme molecular 592:600 arg1 weight 602:607 molecular weight 592:607 molecular weight 592:607 Sulfur content increased with temperature and acid concentration, while molecular weight decreased with temperature and concentration. 29254052 5 43 theme water-holding 756:768 arg1 41.32g/g 780:787 41.32g/g 780:787 41.32g/g 780:787 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 43 theme water-holding 756:768 arg1 capacity 770:777 the best water-holding capacity 747:777 the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) 747:788 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 0 44 dep extraction 32:41 arg1 bioactivities 109:121 bioactivities 109:121 bioactivities 109:121 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 29254052 0 44 dep extraction 32:41 arg1 properties 94:103 Functional properties 83:103 Functional properties 83:103 Microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction of polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera: Functional properties and bioactivities. 29254052 1 45 theme green 154:158 arg1 algae 165:169 green tide algae 154:169 green tide algae Ulva prolifera 154:184 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera were effectively extracted by microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology. 29254052 5 46 contain had 743:745 arg2 15.09g/g 816:823 15.09g/g 816:823 15.09g/g 816:823 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 46 contain had 743:745 arg1 polysaccharides 696:710 polysaccharides 696:710 polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl 696:741 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 46 contain had 743:745 arg2 capacity 770:777 the best water-holding capacity 747:777 the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) 747:788 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 46 contain had 743:745 arg2 41.32g/g 780:787 41.32g/g 780:787 41.32g/g 780:787 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 5 46 contain had 743:745 arg2 capacity 806:813 oil-holding capacity 794:813 oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g) 794:824 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 2 47 theme polysaccharides 307:321 arg1 properties 275:284 properties 275:284 properties 275:284 The properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides could be controlled by extraction conditions. 29254052 2 47 theme polysaccharides 307:321 arg1 bioactivities 290:302 bioactivities 290:302 bioactivities 290:302 The properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides could be controlled by extraction conditions. 29254052 1 48 theme tide 160:163 arg1 algae 165:169 green tide algae 154:169 green tide algae Ulva prolifera 154:184 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera were effectively extracted by microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology. 29254052 6 49 theme pancreatic 1079:1088 arg1 lipase 1090:1095 pancreatic lipase 1079:1095 pancreatic lipase inhibition activity 1079:1115 In addition, polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.1M HCl exhibited higher antioxidant activity and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. 29254052 1 50 theme assisted 226:233 arg1 technology 259:268 microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology 216:268 microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology 216:268 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera were effectively extracted by microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology. 29254052 5 51 theme foaming 938:944 arg1 stability 946:954 foaming stability 938:954 foaming stability 938:954 Functional property analysis showed that polysaccharides extracted from 90°C, 0.05M HCl had the best water-holding capacity (41.32g/g) and oil-holding capacity (15.09g/g), and polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.05M HCl had the best foaming properties (foaming capacity 143% and foaming stability 113%, respectively). 29254052 6 52 theme antioxidant 1054:1064 arg1 activity 1066:1073 higher antioxidant activity 1047:1073 higher antioxidant activity 1047:1073 In addition, polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.1M HCl exhibited higher antioxidant activity and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. 29254052 1 53 theme Ulva 171:174 arg1 algae 165:169 green tide algae 154:169 green tide algae Ulva prolifera 154:184 Sulfated polysaccharides from green tide algae Ulva prolifera were effectively extracted by microwave assisted hydrothermal extraction technology. 29254052 6 54 theme higher 1047:1052 arg1 activity 1066:1073 higher antioxidant activity 1047:1073 higher antioxidant activity 1047:1073 In addition, polysaccharides extracted from 150°C, 0.1M HCl exhibited higher antioxidant activity and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. 27373912 11 0 theme Agromyces 1323:1331 arg1 species 1333:1339 a distinct Agromyces species 1312:1339 a distinct Agromyces species 1312:1339 Therefore, differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness suggested that strain AR33T can be recognized as representing a distinct Agromyces species, for which the name Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 4 1 theme morphological 450:462 arg1 properties 483:492 morphological and chemotaxonomic properties 450:492 morphological and chemotaxonomic properties 450:492 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and morphological and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain AR33T belongs to the genus Agromyces. 27373912 4 2 theme strain 506:511 arg1 AR33T 513:517 strain AR33T 506:517 strain AR33T 506:517 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and morphological and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain AR33T belongs to the genus Agromyces. 27373912 11 3 theme DNA-DNA 1230:1236 arg1 relatedness 1238:1248 DNA-DNA relatedness 1230:1248 DNA-DNA relatedness 1230:1248 Therefore, differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness suggested that strain AR33T can be recognized as representing a distinct Agromyces species, for which the name Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 2 4 attach isolated 224:231 arg2 strain 194:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 2 4 attach isolated 224:231 arg1 rhizosphere 242:252 the rhizosphere 238:252 the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria 238:339 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 2 5 from mining 303:308 arg1 Austria 333:339 Austria 333:339 Austria 333:339 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 11 6 theme Agromyces 1361:1369 arg1 sp 1378:1379 Agromyces aureus sp 1361:1379 the name Agromyces aureus sp 1352:1379 Therefore, differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness suggested that strain AR33T can be recognized as representing a distinct Agromyces species, for which the name Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 2 7 theme motile 144:149 arg1 strain 194:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 2 8 from site 325:328 arg1 Austria 333:339 Austria 333:339 Austria 333:339 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 8 9 theme G+C 860:862 arg1 content 864:870 The DNA G+C content 852:870 The DNA G+C content 852:870 The DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. 27373912 8 9 theme G+C 860:862 arg1 % 884:884 70.1 mol% 876:884 70.1 mol% 876:884 The DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. 27373912 5 10 theme major 599:603 arg1 MK-11 623:627 MK-11 623:627 MK-11 623:627 Strain AR33T had peptidoglycan type B2γ and the major menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-12. 27373912 5 10 theme major 599:603 arg1 menaquinones 605:616 the major menaquinones 595:616 the major menaquinones 595:616 Strain AR33T had peptidoglycan type B2γ and the major menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-12. 27373912 9 11 with similarity 920:929 arg1 species 963:969 closely related recognized species 936:969 closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces 936:992 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces ranged between 98 and 99 %. 27373912 13 12 theme 101731T=LMG 1431:1441 arg1 AR33T 1419:1423 AR33T 1419:1423 AR33T (=DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T) 1419:1449 The type strain is AR33T (=DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T). 27373912 13 12 theme 101731T=LMG 1431:1441 arg1 29235T 1443:1448 =DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T 1426:1448 =DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T 1426:1448 The type strain is AR33T (=DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T). 27373912 9 13 theme related 944:950 arg1 species 963:969 closely related recognized species 936:969 closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces 936:992 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces ranged between 98 and 99 %. 27373912 2 14 theme Gram-reaction-positive 120:141 arg1 strain 194:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 11 15 theme strain 1265:1270 arg1 AR33T 1272:1276 strain AR33T 1265:1276 strain AR33T 1265:1276 Therefore, differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness suggested that strain AR33T can be recognized as representing a distinct Agromyces species, for which the name Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 1 16 theme Salix 60:64 arg1 rhizosphere 45:55 the rhizosphere 41:55 the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. grown in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil 41:115 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. grown in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil. 27373912 7 17 theme metal 807:811 arg1 resistances 813:823 multiple heavy metal resistances 792:823 multiple heavy metal resistances 792:823 Strain AR33T showed catalase and oxidase activity and multiple heavy metal resistances to zinc, lead and cadmium. 27373912 13 18 theme =DSM 1426:1429 arg1 AR33T 1419:1423 AR33T 1419:1423 AR33T (=DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T) 1419:1449 The type strain is AR33T (=DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T). 27373912 13 18 theme =DSM 1426:1429 arg1 29235T 1443:1448 =DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T 1426:1448 =DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T 1426:1448 The type strain is AR33T (=DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T). 27373912 0 19 theme aureus 10:15 arg1 sp 17:18 Agromyces aureus sp 0:18 Agromyces aureus sp. 0:19 Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 7 20 theme catalase 758:765 arg1 activity 779:786 catalase and oxidase activity 758:786 catalase and oxidase activity 758:786 Strain AR33T showed catalase and oxidase activity and multiple heavy metal resistances to zinc, lead and cadmium. 27373912 2 21 theme zinc/lead 293:301 arg1 mining 303:308 a former zinc/lead mining 284:308 a former zinc/lead mining 284:308 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 9 22 theme Agromyces 984:992 arg1 species 963:969 closely related recognized species 936:969 closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces 936:992 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces ranged between 98 and 99 %. 27373912 0 23 theme Agromyces 0:8 arg1 sp 17:18 Agromyces aureus sp 0:18 Agromyces aureus sp. 0:19 Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 2 24 theme bacterial 184:192 arg1 strain 194:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 5 25 theme peptidoglycan 568:580 arg1 B2γ 587:589 peptidoglycan type B2γ 568:589 peptidoglycan type B2γ 568:589 Strain AR33T had peptidoglycan type B2γ and the major menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-12. 27373912 2 26 theme former 286:291 arg1 mining 303:308 a former zinc/lead mining 284:308 a former zinc/lead mining 284:308 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 6 27 theme fatty 671:675 arg1 anteiso-C15  688:699 anteiso-C15  688:699 anteiso-C15  688:699 The main branched-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27373912 6 27 theme fatty 671:675 arg1 acids 677:681 The main branched-chain fatty acids 647:681 The main branched-chain fatty acids 647:681 The main branched-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27373912 3 28 theme polyphasic 344:353 arg1 approach 355:362 A polyphasic approach 342:362 A polyphasic approach 342:362 A polyphasic approach was applied to determine its taxonomic position. 27373912 4 29 theme genus 534:538 arg1 Agromyces 540:548 the genus Agromyces 530:548 the genus Agromyces 530:548 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and morphological and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain AR33T belongs to the genus Agromyces. 27373912 5 30 theme type 582:585 arg1 B2γ 587:589 peptidoglycan type B2γ 568:589 peptidoglycan type B2γ 568:589 Strain AR33T had peptidoglycan type B2γ and the major menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-12. 27373912 6 31 theme branched-chain 656:669 arg1 anteiso-C15  688:699 anteiso-C15  688:699 anteiso-C15  688:699 The main branched-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27373912 6 31 theme branched-chain 656:669 arg1 acids 677:681 The main branched-chain fatty acids 647:681 The main branched-chain fatty acids 647:681 The main branched-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27373912 13 32 theme type 1404:1407 arg1 AR33T 1419:1423 AR33T 1419:1423 AR33T (=DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T) 1419:1449 The type strain is AR33T (=DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T). 27373912 13 32 theme type 1404:1407 arg1 strain 1409:1414 The type strain 1400:1414 The type strain 1400:1414 The type strain is AR33T (=DSM 101731T=LMG 29235T). 27373912 9 33 theme sequence 911:918 arg1 similarity 920:929 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 897:929 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces 897:992 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces ranged between 98 and 99 %. 27373912 5 34 contain had 564:566 arg1 AR33T 558:562 Strain AR33T 551:562 Strain AR33T 551:562 Strain AR33T had peptidoglycan type B2γ and the major menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-12. 27373912 5 34 contain had 564:566 arg2 B2γ 587:589 peptidoglycan type B2γ 568:589 peptidoglycan type B2γ 568:589 Strain AR33T had peptidoglycan type B2γ and the major menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-12. 27373912 2 35 theme rod-shaped 173:182 arg1 strain 194:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 11 36 theme aureus 1371:1376 arg1 sp 1378:1379 Agromyces aureus sp 1361:1379 the name Agromyces aureus sp 1352:1379 Therefore, differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness suggested that strain AR33T can be recognized as representing a distinct Agromyces species, for which the name Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 6 37 theme main 651:654 arg1 anteiso-C15  688:699 anteiso-C15  688:699 anteiso-C15  688:699 The main branched-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27373912 6 37 theme main 651:654 arg1 acids 677:681 The main branched-chain fatty acids 647:681 The main branched-chain fatty acids 647:681 The main branched-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27373912 7 38 theme multiple 792:799 arg1 resistances 813:823 multiple heavy metal resistances 792:823 multiple heavy metal resistances 792:823 Strain AR33T showed catalase and oxidase activity and multiple heavy metal resistances to zinc, lead and cadmium. 27373912 9 39 theme similarity 920:929 arg1 Levels 887:892 Levels 887:892 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces 887:992 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces ranged between 98 and 99 %. 27373912 1 40 dep Salix 60:64 arg1 L. 73:74 Salix caprea L. 60:74 Salix caprea L. grown in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil 60:115 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. grown in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil. 27373912 4 41 theme gene 422:425 arg1 analysis 436:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and morphological and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain AR33T belongs to the genus Agromyces. 27373912 8 42 theme DNA 856:858 arg1 content 864:870 The DNA G+C content 852:870 The DNA G+C content 852:870 The DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. 27373912 8 42 theme DNA 856:858 arg1 % 884:884 70.1 mol% 876:884 70.1 mol% 876:884 The DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. 27373912 4 43 theme sequence 427:434 arg1 analysis 436:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and morphological and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain AR33T belongs to the genus Agromyces. 27373912 3 44 theme taxonomic 393:401 arg1 position 403:410 its taxonomic position 389:410 its taxonomic position 389:410 A polyphasic approach was applied to determine its taxonomic position. 27373912 7 45 theme Strain 738:743 arg1 AR33T 745:749 Strain AR33T 738:749 Strain AR33T 738:749 Strain AR33T showed catalase and oxidase activity and multiple heavy metal resistances to zinc, lead and cadmium. 27373912 10 46 theme lower 1136:1140 arg1 values 1129:1134 values 1129:1134 values lower than 42 % relatedness 1129:1162 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AR33T and the type strains of three Agromyces species showed values lower than 42 % relatedness. 27373912 2 47 theme yellow-pigmented 152:167 arg1 strain 194:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain 118:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 9 48 theme gene 906:909 arg1 similarity 920:929 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 897:929 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces 897:992 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces ranged between 98 and 99 %. 27373912 10 49 theme type 1082:1085 arg1 strains 1087:1093 the type strains 1078:1093 the type strains of three Agromyces species 1078:1120 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AR33T and the type strains of three Agromyces species showed values lower than 42 % relatedness. 27373912 11 50 theme differential 1176:1187 arg1 characteristics 1200:1214 differential phenotypic characteristics 1176:1214 differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness 1176:1248 Therefore, differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness suggested that strain AR33T can be recognized as representing a distinct Agromyces species, for which the name Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 7 51 theme oxidase 771:777 arg1 activity 779:786 catalase and oxidase activity 758:786 catalase and oxidase activity 758:786 Strain AR33T showed catalase and oxidase activity and multiple heavy metal resistances to zinc, lead and cadmium. 27373912 4 52 theme chemotaxonomic 468:481 arg1 properties 483:492 morphological and chemotaxonomic properties 450:492 morphological and chemotaxonomic properties 450:492 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and morphological and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain AR33T belongs to the genus Agromyces. 27373912 9 53 theme 16S 897:899 arg1 similarity 920:929 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 897:929 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces 897:992 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces ranged between 98 and 99 %. 27373912 11 54 theme phenotypic 1189:1198 arg1 characteristics 1200:1214 differential phenotypic characteristics 1176:1214 differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness 1176:1248 Therefore, differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness suggested that strain AR33T can be recognized as representing a distinct Agromyces species, for which the name Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 8 55 theme mol 881:883 arg1 content 864:870 The DNA G+C content 852:870 The DNA G+C content 852:870 The DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. 27373912 8 55 theme mol 881:883 arg1 % 884:884 70.1 mol% 876:884 70.1 mol% 876:884 The DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. 27373912 1 56 theme heavy-metal-contaminated 87:110 arg1 soil 112:115 a heavy-metal-contaminated soil 85:115 a heavy-metal-contaminated soil 85:115 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. grown in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil. 27373912 9 57 theme recognized 952:961 arg1 species 963:969 closely related recognized species 936:969 closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces 936:992 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces ranged between 98 and 99 %. 27373912 6 58 dep anteiso-C15  688:699 arg1  0 734:735  0 734:735  0 734:735 The main branched-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27373912 6 58 dep anteiso-C15  688:699 arg1 iso-C16  725:732 iso-C16  725:732 iso-C16  725:732 The main branched-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27373912 6 58 dep anteiso-C15  688:699 arg1  0 701:702  0 701:702  0 701:702 The main branched-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27373912 6 58 dep anteiso-C15  688:699 arg1  0 718:719  0 718:719  0 718:719 The main branched-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27373912 11 59 dep name 1356:1359 arg1 sp 1378:1379 Agromyces aureus sp 1361:1379 the name Agromyces aureus sp 1352:1379 Therefore, differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness suggested that strain AR33T can be recognized as representing a distinct Agromyces species, for which the name Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 5 60 theme Strain 551:556 arg1 AR33T 558:562 Strain AR33T 551:562 Strain AR33T 551:562 Strain AR33T had peptidoglycan type B2γ and the major menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-12. 27373912 10 61 theme species 1114:1120 arg1 AR33T 1068:1072 strain AR33T 1061:1072 strain AR33T 1061:1072 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AR33T and the type strains of three Agromyces species showed values lower than 42 % relatedness. 27373912 10 61 theme species 1114:1120 arg1 strains 1087:1093 the type strains 1078:1093 the type strains of three Agromyces species 1078:1120 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AR33T and the type strains of three Agromyces species showed values lower than 42 % relatedness. 27373912 2 62 theme Salix 257:261 arg1 rhizosphere 242:252 the rhizosphere 238:252 the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria 238:339 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 4 63 theme rRNA 417:420 arg1 analysis 436:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and morphological and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain AR33T belongs to the genus Agromyces. 27373912 11 64 theme distinct 1314:1321 arg1 species 1333:1339 a distinct Agromyces species 1312:1339 a distinct Agromyces species 1312:1339 Therefore, differential phenotypic characteristics together with DNA-DNA relatedness suggested that strain AR33T can be recognized as representing a distinct Agromyces species, for which the name Agromyces aureus sp. 27373912 7 65 theme heavy 801:805 arg1 resistances 813:823 multiple heavy metal resistances 792:823 multiple heavy metal resistances 792:823 Strain AR33T showed catalase and oxidase activity and multiple heavy metal resistances to zinc, lead and cadmium. 27373912 10 66 theme % 1150:1150 arg1 relatedness 1152:1162 42 % relatedness 1147:1162 42 % relatedness 1147:1162 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AR33T and the type strains of three Agromyces species showed values lower than 42 % relatedness. 27373912 10 67 theme Agromyces 1104:1112 arg1 species 1114:1120 three Agromyces species 1098:1120 three Agromyces species 1098:1120 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AR33T and the type strains of three Agromyces species showed values lower than 42 % relatedness. 27373912 4 68 theme 16S 413:415 arg1 analysis 436:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and morphological and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain AR33T belongs to the genus Agromyces. 27373912 10 69 theme DNA-DNA 1031:1037 arg1 hybridization 1039:1051 DNA-DNA hybridization 1031:1051 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AR33T and the type strains of three Agromyces species 1031:1120 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AR33T and the type strains of three Agromyces species showed values lower than 42 % relatedness. 27373912 9 70 theme rRNA 901:904 arg1 similarity 920:929 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 897:929 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces 897:992 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces ranged between 98 and 99 %. 27373912 10 71 theme strain 1061:1066 arg1 AR33T 1068:1072 strain AR33T 1061:1072 strain AR33T 1061:1072 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AR33T and the type strains of three Agromyces species showed values lower than 42 % relatedness. 27373912 10 72 theme 42  1147:1149 arg1 % 1150:1150 % 1150:1150 % 1150:1150 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AR33T and the type strains of three Agromyces species showed values lower than 42 % relatedness. 27373912 2 73 theme processing 314:323 arg1 site 325:328 processing site 314:328 processing site in Austria 314:339 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 2 74 dep Salix 257:261 arg1 L. 270:271 Salix caprea L. 257:271 Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria 257:339 A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated AR33T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Salix caprea L. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in Austria. 27373912 9 75 theme genus 978:982 arg1 Agromyces 984:992 the genus Agromyces 974:992 the genus Agromyces 974:992 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related recognized species of the genus Agromyces ranged between 98 and 99 %. 27188601 8 0 dep evidence 1005:1012 arg1 the 948:950 the 948:950 the 948:950 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. 27188601 8 0 dep evidence 1005:1012 arg1 basis 952:956 basis 952:956 basis 952:956 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. 27188601 2 1 theme aerobic 113:119 arg1 bacterium 138:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium 71:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium 71:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. 27188601 8 2 theme phenotypic 961:970 arg1 evidence 1005:1012 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 961:1012 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 961:1012 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. 27188601 7 3 theme % 835:835 arg1 10249T 821:826 Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T 794:826 Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity) 794:847 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 3 theme % 835:835 arg1 similarity 837:846 94.86 % similarity 829:846 94.86 % similarity 829:846 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 8 4 theme recognized 1105:1114 arg1 species 1116:1122 recognized species 1105:1122 recognized species of this genus 1105:1136 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. 27188601 2 5 theme endospore-forming 94:110 arg1 bacterium 138:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium 71:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium 71:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. 27188601 6 6 theme mol 574:576 arg1 content 557:563 The genomic DNA G+C content 537:563 The genomic DNA G+C content 537:563 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 6 6 theme mol 574:576 arg1 % 577:577 56.6 mol% 569:577 56.6 mol% 569:577 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 7 7 theme Phylogenetic 678:689 arg1 analysis 691:698 Phylogenetic analysis 678:698 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 678:734 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 8 8 theme chemotaxonomic 973:986 arg1 evidence 1005:1012 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 961:1012 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 961:1012 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. 27188601 7 9 theme Paenibacillus 897:909 arg1 SAFN-016T 924:932 Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T 897:932 Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %) 897:942 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 9 theme Paenibacillus 897:909 arg1 % 941:941 94.77 % 935:941 94.77 % 935:941 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 4 10 theme major 401:405 arg1 menaquinone 419:429 menaquinone 7 419:431 menaquinone 7 419:431 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 4 10 theme major 401:405 arg1 quinone 407:413 the major quinone 397:413 the major quinone 397:413 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 7 11 theme barengoltzii 911:922 arg1 SAFN-016T 924:932 Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T 897:932 Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %) 897:942 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 11 theme barengoltzii 911:922 arg1 % 941:941 94.77 % 935:941 94.77 % 935:941 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 12 theme 94.86  829:834 arg1 10249T 821:826 Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T 794:826 Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity) 794:847 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 12 theme 94.86  829:834 arg1 similarity 837:846 94.86 % similarity 829:846 94.86 % similarity 829:846 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 11 13 theme B-65368T=DSM 1269:1280 arg1 101873T 1282:1288 =UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T 1252:1288 =UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T 1252:1288 The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T). 27188601 11 13 theme B-65368T=DSM 1269:1280 arg1 LC2-13AT 1242:1249 LC2-13AT 1242:1249 LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T) 1242:1289 The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T). 27188601 8 14 theme phylogenetic 992:1003 arg1 evidence 1005:1012 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 961:1012 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 961:1012 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. 27188601 9 15 theme novel 1141:1145 arg1 species 1147:1153 A novel species 1139:1153 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 1139:1197 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. 27188601 1 16 theme geyser 63:68 arg1 litter 51:56 litter 51:56 litter of a geyser 51:68 nov., isolated from litter of a geyser. 27188601 6 17 theme meso-diaminopimelic 652:670 arg1 acid 672:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 6 17 theme meso-diaminopimelic 652:670 arg1 acid 612:615 the major diagnostic diamino acid 583:615 the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 583:646 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 0 18 theme cisolokensis 14:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. 27188601 2 19 theme thermophilic 125:136 arg1 bacterium 138:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium 71:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium 71:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. 27188601 8 20 theme strain 1015:1020 arg1 LC2-13AT 1022:1029 strain LC2-13AT 1015:1029 strain LC2-13AT 1015:1029 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. 27188601 4 21 theme fatty 335:339 arg1 iso-C16  352:359 iso-C16  352:359 iso-C16  352:359 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 4 21 theme fatty 335:339 arg1 acids 341:345 The major cellular fatty acids 316:345 The major cellular fatty acids 316:345 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 5 22 theme major 438:442 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 462:483 diphosphatidylglycerol 462:483 diphosphatidylglycerol 462:483 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 27188601 5 22 theme major 438:442 arg1 lipids 450:455 The major polar lipids 434:455 The major polar lipids 434:455 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 27188601 2 23 attach isolated 181:188 arg1 Java 216:219 Java 216:219 Java 216:219 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. 27188601 2 23 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 bacterium 138:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium 71:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium 71:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. 27188601 2 23 attach isolated 181:188 arg1 West 211:214 West 211:214 West 211:214 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. 27188601 2 23 attach isolated 181:188 arg1 Indonesia 222:230 Indonesia 222:230 Indonesia 222:230 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. 27188601 0 24 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. 27188601 7 25 theme Paenibacillus 850:862 arg1 SA-7-6T 875:881 Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T 850:881 Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) 850:891 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 25 theme Paenibacillus 850:862 arg1 % 890:890 94.77 % 884:890 94.77 % 884:890 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 26 theme Paenibacillus 794:806 arg1 10249T 821:826 Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T 794:826 Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity) 794:847 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 26 theme Paenibacillus 794:806 arg1 similarity 837:846 94.86 % similarity 829:846 94.86 % similarity 829:846 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 11 27 theme type 1227:1230 arg1 LC2-13AT 1242:1249 LC2-13AT 1242:1249 LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T) 1242:1289 The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T). 27188601 11 27 theme type 1227:1230 arg1 strain 1232:1237 The type strain 1223:1237 The type strain 1223:1237 The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T). 27188601 11 28 theme =UICC 1252:1256 arg1 101873T 1282:1288 =UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T 1252:1288 =UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T 1252:1288 The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T). 27188601 11 28 theme =UICC 1252:1256 arg1 LC2-13AT 1242:1249 LC2-13AT 1242:1249 LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T) 1242:1289 The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T). 27188601 11 29 theme B-42T=NRRL 1258:1267 arg1 101873T 1282:1288 =UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T 1252:1288 =UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T 1252:1288 The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T). 27188601 11 29 theme B-42T=NRRL 1258:1267 arg1 LC2-13AT 1242:1249 LC2-13AT 1242:1249 LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T) 1242:1289 The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T). 27188601 6 30 theme cell-wall 624:632 arg1 peptidoglycan 634:646 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 620:646 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 620:646 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 6 31 theme G+C 553:555 arg1 content 557:563 The genomic DNA G+C content 537:563 The genomic DNA G+C content 537:563 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 6 31 theme G+C 553:555 arg1 % 577:577 56.6 mol% 569:577 56.6 mol% 569:577 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 9 32 theme name 1164:1167 arg1 sp 1196:1197 the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 1160:1197 the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 1160:1197 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. 27188601 6 33 theme DNA 549:551 arg1 content 557:563 The genomic DNA G+C content 537:563 The genomic DNA G+C content 537:563 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 6 33 theme DNA 549:551 arg1 % 577:577 56.6 mol% 569:577 56.6 mol% 569:577 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 9 34 with species 1147:1153 arg1 sp 1196:1197 the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 1160:1197 the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 1160:1197 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. 27188601 9 35 theme Paenibacillus 1169:1181 arg1 sp 1196:1197 the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 1160:1197 the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 1160:1197 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. 27188601 7 36 theme tarimensis 864:873 arg1 SA-7-6T 875:881 Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T 850:881 Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) 850:891 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 36 theme tarimensis 864:873 arg1 % 890:890 94.77 % 884:890 94.77 % 884:890 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 6 37 theme genomic 541:547 arg1 content 557:563 The genomic DNA G+C content 537:563 The genomic DNA G+C content 537:563 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 6 37 theme genomic 541:547 arg1 % 577:577 56.6 mol% 569:577 56.6 mol% 569:577 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 9 38 theme cisolokensis 1183:1194 arg1 sp 1196:1197 the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 1160:1197 the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp 1160:1197 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. 27188601 2 39 theme Gram-stain-positive 73:91 arg1 bacterium 138:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium 71:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium 71:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. 27188601 2 40 theme strain 160:165 arg1 LC2-13AT 167:174 strain LC2-13AT 160:174 strain LC2-13AT 160:174 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. 27188601 6 41 from acid 612:615 arg1 peptidoglycan 634:646 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 620:646 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 620:646 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 4 42 theme cellular 326:333 arg1 iso-C16  352:359 iso-C16  352:359 iso-C16  352:359 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 4 42 theme cellular 326:333 arg1 acids 341:345 The major cellular fatty acids 316:345 The major cellular fatty acids 316:345 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 4 43 dep iso-C16  352:359 arg1  0 390:391  0 390:391  0 390:391 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 4 43 dep iso-C16  352:359 arg1 anteiso-C15  377:388 anteiso-C15  377:388 anteiso-C15  377:388 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 4 43 dep iso-C16  352:359 arg1  0 370:371  0 370:371  0 370:371 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 4 43 dep iso-C16  352:359 arg1 C16  365:368 C16  365:368 C16  365:368 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 4 44 theme major 320:324 arg1 iso-C16  352:359 iso-C16  352:359 iso-C16  352:359 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 4 44 theme major 320:324 arg1 acids 341:345 The major cellular fatty acids 316:345 The major cellular fatty acids 316:345 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 27188601 6 45 theme diamino 604:610 arg1 acid 672:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 6 45 theme diamino 604:610 arg1 acid 612:615 the major diagnostic diamino acid 583:615 the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 583:646 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 7 46 theme rRNA 717:720 arg1 sequence 727:734 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 709:734 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 709:734 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 8 47 theme Paenibacillus 1058:1070 arg1 genus 1052:1056 the genus Paenibacillus 1048:1070 the genus Paenibacillus 1048:1070 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. 27188601 5 48 theme polar 444:448 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 462:483 diphosphatidylglycerol 462:483 diphosphatidylglycerol 462:483 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 27188601 5 48 theme polar 444:448 arg1 lipids 450:455 The major polar lipids 434:455 The major polar lipids 434:455 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 27188601 7 49 theme kobensis 808:815 arg1 10249T 821:826 Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T 794:826 Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity) 794:847 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 49 theme kobensis 808:815 arg1 similarity 837:846 94.86 % similarity 829:846 94.86 % similarity 829:846 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 6 50 theme diagnostic 593:602 arg1 acid 672:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 6 50 theme diagnostic 593:602 arg1 acid 612:615 the major diagnostic diamino acid 583:615 the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 583:646 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 7 51 theme DSM 817:819 arg1 10249T 821:826 Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T 794:826 Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity) 794:847 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 7 51 theme DSM 817:819 arg1 similarity 837:846 94.86 % similarity 829:846 94.86 % similarity 829:846 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 3 52 theme peritrichous 293:304 arg1 flagella 306:313 peritrichous flagella 293:313 peritrichous flagella 293:313 The isolate was rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 27188601 7 53 theme gene 722:725 arg1 sequence 727:734 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 709:734 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 709:734 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 6 54 theme major 587:591 arg1 acid 672:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 6 54 theme major 587:591 arg1 acid 612:615 the major diagnostic diamino acid 583:615 the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 583:646 The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27188601 7 55 theme 16S 713:715 arg1 rRNA 717:720 the 16S rRNA 709:720 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 709:734 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 27188601 8 56 theme genus 1132:1136 arg1 species 1116:1122 recognized species 1105:1122 recognized species of this genus 1105:1136 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. 27188601 7 57 theme strain 751:756 arg1 LC2-13AT 758:765 strain LC2-13AT 751:765 strain LC2-13AT 751:765 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). 28934610 2 0 theme zeta 514:517 arg1 potential 519:527 zeta potential 514:527 zeta potential 514:527 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 2 0 theme zeta 514:517 arg1 size 508:511 size 508:511 size 508:511 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 4 1 theme cell 879:882 arg1 transfection 884:895 NIH3T3 cell transfection 872:895 NIH3T3 cell transfection 872:895 The ability of the particles for SiRNA complexation, NIH3T3 cell transfection, and ERK1 downregulation, were studied. 28934610 1 2 theme transfection 151:162 arg1 ability 164:170 the transfection ability 147:170 the transfection ability of chitosan 147:182 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 1 3 theme SiRNA 243:247 arg1 delivery 249:256 SiRNA delivery 243:256 SiRNA delivery 243:256 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 3 4 theme cationic 720:727 arg1 lipids 729:734 cationic lipids 720:734 cationic lipids 720:734 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 4 5 theme NIH3T3 872:877 arg1 transfection 884:895 NIH3T3 cell transfection 872:895 NIH3T3 cell transfection 872:895 The ability of the particles for SiRNA complexation, NIH3T3 cell transfection, and ERK1 downregulation, were studied. 28934610 4 6 theme SiRNA 852:856 arg1 complexation 858:869 SiRNA complexation 852:869 SiRNA complexation 852:869 The ability of the particles for SiRNA complexation, NIH3T3 cell transfection, and ERK1 downregulation, were studied. 28934610 4 7 theme particles 838:846 arg1 ability 823:829 The ability 819:829 The ability 819:829 The ability of the particles for SiRNA complexation, NIH3T3 cell transfection, and ERK1 downregulation, were studied. 28934610 3 8 dep phospholipids 702:714 arg1 DOTAP 747:751 DOTAP 747:751 DOTAP 747:751 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 3 8 dep phospholipids 702:714 arg1 lecithin 737:744 lecithin 737:744 lecithin 737:744 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 3 8 dep phospholipids 702:714 arg1 DOPE 754:757 DOPE 754:757 DOPE 754:757 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 3 9 with chitosan 616:623 arg1 degrees 663:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees 630:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) 630:758 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 5 10 theme % 986:986 arg1 chitosan 1004:1011 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan 973:1011 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan 973:1011 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 5 11 theme Lipid 937:941 arg1 DOTAP 1014:1018 DOTAP 1014:1018 DOTAP 1014:1018 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 5 11 theme Lipid 937:941 arg1 nanoparticles 943:955 Lipid nanoparticles 937:955 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan 937:1011 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 5 11 theme Lipid 937:941 arg1 DOPE 1024:1027 DOPE 1024:1027 DOPE 1024:1027 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 2 12 dep optimized 459:467 arg1 potential 519:527 zeta potential 514:527 zeta potential 514:527 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 2 12 dep optimized 459:467 arg1 stability 540:548 colloidal stability 530:548 colloidal stability 530:548 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 2 12 dep optimized 459:467 arg1 size 508:511 size 508:511 size 508:511 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 5 13 theme C12 988:990 arg1 chitosan 1004:1011 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan 973:1011 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan 973:1011 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 2 14 theme colloidal 530:538 arg1 stability 540:548 colloidal stability 530:548 colloidal stability 530:548 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 2 14 theme colloidal 530:538 arg1 size 508:511 size 508:511 size 508:511 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 5 15 theme substituted 992:1002 arg1 chitosan 1004:1011 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan 973:1011 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan 973:1011 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 1 16 theme chitosan 175:182 arg1 ability 164:170 the transfection ability 147:170 the transfection ability of chitosan 147:182 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 2 17 theme phospholipids/cationic 385:406 arg1 lipids 408:413 phospholipids/cationic lipids 385:413 phospholipids/cationic lipids 385:413 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 0 18 theme Chitosan-lipid 0:13 arg1 CS-LNPs 30:36 CS-LNPs 30:36 CS-LNPs 30:36 Chitosan-lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs): Application to siRNA delivery. 28934610 0 18 theme Chitosan-lipid 0:13 arg1 nanoparticles 15:27 Chitosan-lipid nanoparticles 0:27 Chitosan-lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs): Application to siRNA delivery. 0:69 Chitosan-lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs): Application to siRNA delivery. 28934610 3 19 theme different 692:700 arg1 phospholipids 702:714 different phospholipids 692:714 different phospholipids 692:714 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 2 20 dep CS-LNPs 332:338 arg1 core 347:350 lipid core 341:350 lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan 341:451 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 1 21 theme small 185:189 arg1 CS-LNPs 221:227 CS-LNPs 221:227 CS-LNPs 221:227 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 1 21 theme small 185:189 arg1 nanoparticles 206:218 small chitosan lipid nanoparticles 185:218 small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery 185:256 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 3 22 theme molecular 638:646 arg1 weight 648:653 molecular weight 638:653 molecular weight 638:653 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 5 23 theme % 1041:1041 arg1 efficiency 1063:1072 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency 1039:1072 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency 1039:1072 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 1 24 theme chitosan 191:198 arg1 CS-LNPs 221:227 CS-LNPs 221:227 CS-LNPs 221:227 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 1 24 theme chitosan 191:198 arg1 nanoparticles 206:218 small chitosan lipid nanoparticles 185:218 small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery 185:256 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 1 25 theme easy-to-implement 280:296 arg1 process 307:313 an easy-to-implement one-step process 277:313 an easy-to-implement one-step process 277:313 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 2 26 theme shell 570:574 arg1 composition 576:586 their shell composition 564:586 their shell composition 564:586 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 3 27 theme substitution 674:685 arg1 degrees 663:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees 630:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) 630:758 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 5 28 theme 15,000g/mol 973:983 arg1 chitosan 1004:1011 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan 973:1011 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan 973:1011 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 1 29 theme lipid 200:204 arg1 CS-LNPs 221:227 CS-LNPs 221:227 CS-LNPs 221:227 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 1 29 theme lipid 200:204 arg1 nanoparticles 206:218 small chitosan lipid nanoparticles 185:218 small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery 185:256 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 1 30 theme one-step 298:305 arg1 process 307:313 an easy-to-implement one-step process 277:313 an easy-to-implement one-step process 277:313 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 5 31 theme comparable 1075:1084 arg1 efficiency 1063:1072 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency 1039:1072 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency 1039:1072 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 2 32 theme modified 435:442 arg1 chitosan 444:451 hydrophobically modified chitosan 419:451 hydrophobically modified chitosan 419:451 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 3 33 theme various 630:636 arg1 degrees 663:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees 630:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) 630:758 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 4 34 theme ERK1 902:905 arg1 downregulation 907:920 ERK1 downregulation 902:920 ERK1 downregulation 902:920 The ability of the particles for SiRNA complexation, NIH3T3 cell transfection, and ERK1 downregulation, were studied. 28934610 5 35 theme lipofectamine™ 1089:1102 arg1 RNAimax 1104:1110 lipofectamine™ RNAimax 1089:1110 lipofectamine™ RNAimax 1089:1110 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 3 36 theme amphiphilic 604:614 arg1 chitosan 616:623 amphiphilic chitosan 604:623 amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) 604:758 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 2 37 theme physico-chemical 479:494 arg1 properties 496:505 their physico-chemical properties 473:505 their physico-chemical properties 473:505 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 3 38 theme phospholipids 702:714 arg1 degrees 663:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees 630:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) 630:758 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 5 39 theme 40 1039:1040 arg1 % 1041:1041 % 1041:1041 % 1041:1041 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 1 40 theme lipid 111:115 arg1 nanoparticles 117:129 lipid nanoparticles 111:129 lipid nanoparticles 111:129 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 3 41 theme particle 781:788 arg1 surface 790:796 the particle surface 777:796 the particle surface 777:796 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 5 42 theme ERK1 1043:1046 arg1 efficiency 1063:1072 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency 1039:1072 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency 1039:1072 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 1 43 theme nanoparticles 117:129 arg1 biocompatibility 91:106 the biocompatibility 87:106 the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan 87:182 To benefit from the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles associated with the transfection ability of chitosan, small chitosan lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs) dedicated to SiRNA delivery were formulated by an easy-to-implement one-step process. 28934610 5 44 theme downregulation 1048:1061 arg1 efficiency 1063:1072 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency 1039:1072 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency 1039:1072 Lipid nanoparticles formulated with 15,000g/mol 2% C12 substituted chitosan, DOTAP and DOPE, mediated 40% ERK1 downregulation efficiency, comparable to lipofectamine™ RNAimax, while displaying no cytotoxicity up to 500μg/mL. 28934610 3 45 theme C12 659:661 arg1 degrees 663:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees 630:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) 630:758 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 2 46 theme CS-LNPs 332:338 arg1 Formulations 316:327 Formulations 316:327 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) 316:452 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 2 47 theme lipid 341:345 arg1 core 347:350 lipid core 341:350 lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan 341:451 Formulations of CS-LNPs (lipid core stabilized by a shell comprising phospholipids/cationic lipids and hydrophobically modified chitosan) were optimized for their physico-chemical properties (size, zeta potential, colloidal stability) according to their shell composition. 28934610 0 48 dep nanoparticles 15:27 arg1 Application 40:50 Application 40:50 Chitosan-lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs): Application to siRNA delivery. 0:69 Chitosan-lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs): Application to siRNA delivery. 28934610 3 49 theme different 801:809 arg1 ratios 811:816 different ratios 801:816 different ratios 801:816 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28934610 0 50 theme siRNA 55:59 arg1 delivery 61:68 siRNA delivery 55:68 siRNA delivery 55:68 Chitosan-lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs): Application to siRNA delivery. 28934610 3 51 theme weight 648:653 arg1 degrees 663:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees 630:669 various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) 630:758 In particular, amphiphilic chitosan with various molecular weight and C12 degrees of substitution, and different phospholipids and cationic lipids (lecithin, DOTAP, DOPE) were included at the particle surface at different ratios. 28650050 6 0 theme initial 1118:1124 arg1 days 1126:1129 initial days 1118:1129 initial days of fibroblast seeding 1118:1151 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 6 1 dep architecture 903:914 arg1 The 899:901 The 899:901 The 899:901 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 2 2 theme emulsion 384:391 arg1 periods 360:366 differential stirring periods 338:366 differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion 338:391 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 3 3 theme fiber 567:571 arg1 μm 588:589 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm 567:589 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm 567:589 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 2 4 with structure 432:440 arg1 morphology 454:463 varied morphology 447:463 varied morphology 447:463 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 7 5 from variation 1297:1305 arg1 distribution 1320:1331 pore size distribution 1310:1331 pore size distribution 1310:1331 Anatomy of the scaffold arising due to variation in pore size distribution at different layers thereby facilitates compartmentalization and prevents initial cellular transmigration. 28650050 3 6 theme ∼1.62 582:586 arg1 μm 588:589 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm 567:589 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm 567:589 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 1 7 theme skin 197:200 arg1 graft 202:206 a bilayer skin graft 187:206 a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers 187:305 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 6 8 theme efficient 957:965 arg1 activity 976:983 efficient cellular activity 957:983 efficient cellular activity 957:983 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 8 9 theme keratinocyte 1512:1523 arg1 stratification 1525:1538 keratinocyte stratification 1512:1538 keratinocyte stratification 1512:1538 The scaffold also assists in extracellular matrix protein synthesis and keratinocyte stratification in vitro. 28650050 6 10 theme scaffold 939:946 arg1 architecture 903:914 architecture 903:914 architecture 903:914 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 6 10 theme scaffold 939:946 arg1 composition 920:930 composition 920:930 composition 920:930 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 3 11 theme size 600:603 arg1 μm 609:610 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm 567:610 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm 567:610 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 1 12 theme extracellular 122:134 arg1 hierarchy 143:151 skin extracellular matrix hierarchy 117:151 skin extracellular matrix hierarchy 117:151 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 6 13 with porosity 1006:1013 arg1 ECM 1020:1022 ECM 1020:1022 ECM resembling collagen I coating 1020:1052 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 7 14 theme initial 1407:1413 arg1 transmigration 1424:1437 initial cellular transmigration 1407:1437 initial cellular transmigration 1407:1437 Anatomy of the scaffold arising due to variation in pore size distribution at different layers thereby facilitates compartmentalization and prevents initial cellular transmigration. 28650050 6 15 theme I 1044:1044 arg1 coating 1046:1052 collagen I coating 1035:1052 collagen I coating 1035:1052 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 10 16 dep skin 1840:1843 arg1 substitute 1845:1854 substitute 1845:1854 substitute 1845:1854 The bilayer scaffold is thus a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute. 28650050 0 17 theme emulsion 55:62 arg1 electrospinning 64:78 emulsion electrospinning 55:78 emulsion electrospinning 55:78 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management. 28650050 5 18 theme average 835:841 arg1 diameter 843:850 their average diameter 829:850 their average diameter to 2.80 μm 829:861 Surface coating with collagen I resulted in bundling the fibers together, thereby increasing their average diameter to 2.80 μm and decreasing pore size to ∼45 μm. 28650050 10 19 theme promising 1768:1776 arg1 scaffold 1749:1756 The bilayer scaffold 1737:1756 The bilayer scaffold 1737:1756 The bilayer scaffold is thus a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute. 28650050 10 19 theme promising 1768:1776 arg1 matrix 1828:1833 a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix 1766:1833 a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute 1766:1854 The bilayer scaffold is thus a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute. 28650050 9 20 theme burn 1626:1629 arg1 margins 1637:1643 third-degree burn wound margins 1613:1643 third-degree burn wound margins created in rat models 1613:1665 Further, the scaffold effectively integrates and attaches with third-degree burn wound margins created in rat models and accelerates healing in comparison to standard Tegaderm dressing™. 28650050 7 21 theme cellular 1415:1422 arg1 transmigration 1424:1437 initial cellular transmigration 1407:1437 initial cellular transmigration 1407:1437 Anatomy of the scaffold arising due to variation in pore size distribution at different layers thereby facilitates compartmentalization and prevents initial cellular transmigration. 28650050 0 22 theme wound 89:93 arg1 management 95:104 burn wound management 84:104 burn wound management 84:104 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management. 28650050 6 23 theme interconnected 991:1004 arg1 porosity 1006:1013 interconnected porosity 991:1013 interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating 991:1052 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 3 24 theme ∼274 510:513 arg1 nm 515:516 nm 515:516 nm 515:516 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 2 25 theme 3D 429:430 arg1 structure 432:440 a bilayer 3D structure 419:440 a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology 419:463 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 4 26 dep Cirrhinus 675:683 arg1 cirrhosus 685:693 cirrhosus 685:693 cirrhosus 685:693 The 3D layer was further coated with collagen I isolated from Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales to improve biofunctionality. 28650050 3 27 theme fluffy 547:552 arg1 layer 557:561 fluffy 3D layer 547:561 fluffy 3D layer 547:561 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 10 28 theme bilayer 1741:1747 arg1 scaffold 1749:1756 The bilayer scaffold 1737:1756 The bilayer scaffold 1737:1756 The bilayer scaffold is thus a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute. 28650050 10 28 theme bilayer 1741:1747 arg1 matrix 1828:1833 a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix 1766:1833 a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute 1766:1854 The bilayer scaffold is thus a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute. 28650050 0 29 theme Bilayered 0:8 arg1 hierarchy 25:33 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy 0:33 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management. 0:105 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management. 28650050 0 30 theme 3D 22:23 arg1 hierarchy 25:33 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy 0:33 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management. 0:105 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management. 28650050 1 31 theme nanofibers 296:305 arg1 structure 270:278 membranous structure 259:278 membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers 259:305 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 7 32 theme different 1336:1344 arg1 layers 1346:1351 different layers 1336:1351 different layers 1336:1351 Anatomy of the scaffold arising due to variation in pore size distribution at different layers thereby facilitates compartmentalization and prevents initial cellular transmigration. 28650050 6 33 theme cellular 1062:1069 arg1 adhesion 1071:1078 cellular adhesion 1062:1078 cellular adhesion 1062:1078 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 8 34 theme extracellular 1469:1481 arg1 synthesis 1498:1506 extracellular matrix protein synthesis 1469:1506 extracellular matrix protein synthesis 1469:1506 The scaffold also assists in extracellular matrix protein synthesis and keratinocyte stratification in vitro. 28650050 2 35 theme PCL-chitosan 371:382 arg1 emulsion 384:391 PCL-chitosan emulsion 371:391 PCL-chitosan emulsion 371:391 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 1 36 with layer 248:252 arg1 structure 270:278 membranous structure 259:278 membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers 259:305 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 7 37 theme pore 1310:1313 arg1 distribution 1320:1331 pore size distribution 1310:1331 pore size distribution 1310:1331 Anatomy of the scaffold arising due to variation in pore size distribution at different layers thereby facilitates compartmentalization and prevents initial cellular transmigration. 28650050 3 38 contain has 563:565 arg2 μm 609:610 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm 567:610 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm 567:610 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 3 38 contain has 563:565 arg1 layer 557:561 fluffy 3D layer 547:561 fluffy 3D layer 547:561 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 8 39 theme protein 1490:1496 arg1 synthesis 1498:1506 extracellular matrix protein synthesis 1469:1506 extracellular matrix protein synthesis 1469:1506 The scaffold also assists in extracellular matrix protein synthesis and keratinocyte stratification in vitro. 28650050 3 40 theme nm 515:516 arg1 diameter 501:508 fiber diameter 495:508 fiber diameter ∼274 nm 495:516 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 9 41 theme Tegaderm 1717:1724 arg1 dressing™ 1726:1734 standard Tegaderm dressing™ 1708:1734 standard Tegaderm dressing™ 1708:1734 Further, the scaffold effectively integrates and attaches with third-degree burn wound margins created in rat models and accelerates healing in comparison to standard Tegaderm dressing™. 28650050 7 42 from layers 1346:1351 arg1 variation 1297:1305 variation 1297:1305 variation in pore size distribution at different layers 1297:1351 Anatomy of the scaffold arising due to variation in pore size distribution at different layers thereby facilitates compartmentalization and prevents initial cellular transmigration. 28650050 6 43 theme fibroblast 1134:1143 arg1 seeding 1145:1151 fibroblast seeding 1134:1151 fibroblast seeding 1134:1151 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 3 44 theme fiber 495:499 arg1 diameter 501:508 fiber diameter 495:508 fiber diameter ∼274 nm 495:516 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 1 45 theme cotton-wool-like 228:243 arg1 layer 248:252 a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer 219:252 a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers 219:305 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 4 46 theme 3D 617:618 arg1 layer 620:624 The 3D layer 613:624 The 3D layer 613:624 The 3D layer was further coated with collagen I isolated from Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales to improve biofunctionality. 28650050 3 47 theme ∼1.16 532:536 arg1 μm 538:539 ∼1.16 μm 532:539 ∼1.16 μm 532:539 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 7 48 theme scaffold 1273:1280 arg1 Anatomy 1258:1264 Anatomy 1258:1264 Anatomy of the scaffold arising due to variation in pore size distribution at different layers 1258:1351 Anatomy of the scaffold arising due to variation in pore size distribution at different layers thereby facilitates compartmentalization and prevents initial cellular transmigration. 28650050 1 49 theme membranous 259:268 arg1 structure 270:278 membranous structure 259:278 membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers 259:305 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 3 50 theme μm 588:589 arg1 μm 609:610 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm 567:610 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm 567:610 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 9 51 theme third-degree 1613:1624 arg1 margins 1637:1643 third-degree burn wound margins 1613:1643 third-degree burn wound margins created in rat models 1613:1665 Further, the scaffold effectively integrates and attaches with third-degree burn wound margins created in rat models and accelerates healing in comparison to standard Tegaderm dressing™. 28650050 3 52 theme pore 522:525 arg1 size 527:530 pore size 522:530 pore size 522:530 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 3 53 theme 3D 554:555 arg1 layer 557:561 fluffy 3D layer 547:561 fluffy 3D layer 547:561 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 2 54 theme differential 338:349 arg1 periods 360:366 differential stirring periods 338:366 differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion 338:391 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 5 55 theme pore 878:881 arg1 size 883:886 pore size 878:886 pore size 878:886 Surface coating with collagen I resulted in bundling the fibers together, thereby increasing their average diameter to 2.80 μm and decreasing pore size to ∼45 μm. 28650050 3 56 theme diameter 573:580 arg1 μm 588:589 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm 567:589 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm 567:589 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 1 57 theme bilayer 189:195 arg1 graft 202:206 a bilayer skin graft 187:206 a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers 187:305 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 6 58 theme cellular 967:974 arg1 activity 976:983 efficient cellular activity 957:983 efficient cellular activity 957:983 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 5 59 dep bundling 780:787 arg1 decreasing 867:876 decreasing 867:876 decreasing pore size to ∼45 μm 867:896 Surface coating with collagen I resulted in bundling the fibers together, thereby increasing their average diameter to 2.80 μm and decreasing pore size to ∼45 μm. 28650050 5 59 dep bundling 780:787 arg1 increasing 818:827 increasing 818:827 increasing their average diameter to 2.80 μm 818:861 Surface coating with collagen I resulted in bundling the fibers together, thereby increasing their average diameter to 2.80 μm and decreasing pore size to ∼45 μm. 28650050 3 60 theme ∼62 605:607 arg1 μm 609:610 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm 567:610 fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm 567:610 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 3 61 theme pore 595:598 arg1 size 600:603 pore size 595:603 pore size 595:603 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 1 62 theme skin 117:120 arg1 hierarchy 143:151 skin extracellular matrix hierarchy 117:151 skin extracellular matrix hierarchy 117:151 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 5 63 with coating 744:750 arg1 collagen 757:764 collagen I 757:766 collagen I 757:766 Surface coating with collagen I resulted in bundling the fibers together, thereby increasing their average diameter to 2.80 μm and decreasing pore size to ∼45 μm. 28650050 1 64 theme matrix 136:141 arg1 hierarchy 143:151 skin extracellular matrix hierarchy 117:151 skin extracellular matrix hierarchy 117:151 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 6 65 theme membranous 1230:1239 arg1 layer 1251:1255 the membranous nanofiber layer 1226:1255 the membranous nanofiber layer 1226:1255 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 6 66 theme collagen 1035:1042 arg1 coating 1046:1052 collagen I coating 1035:1052 collagen I coating 1035:1052 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 4 67 theme Cirrhinus 675:683 arg1 scales 700:705 Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales 675:705 Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales 675:705 The 3D layer was further coated with collagen I isolated from Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales to improve biofunctionality. 28650050 0 68 theme burn 84:87 arg1 management 95:104 burn wound management 84:104 burn wound management 84:104 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management. 28650050 1 69 theme present 158:164 arg1 work 166:169 the present work 154:169 the present work 154:169 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 2 70 with electrospinning 317:331 arg1 periods 360:366 differential stirring periods 338:366 differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion 338:391 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 4 71 theme fish 695:698 arg1 scales 700:705 Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales 675:705 Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales 675:705 The 3D layer was further coated with collagen I isolated from Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales to improve biofunctionality. 28650050 5 72 theme Surface 736:742 arg1 coating 744:750 Surface coating 736:750 Surface coating with collagen I 736:766 Surface coating with collagen I resulted in bundling the fibers together, thereby increasing their average diameter to 2.80 μm and decreasing pore size to ∼45 μm. 28650050 9 73 theme wound 1631:1635 arg1 margins 1637:1643 third-degree burn wound margins 1613:1643 third-degree burn wound margins created in rat models 1613:1665 Further, the scaffold effectively integrates and attaches with third-degree burn wound margins created in rat models and accelerates healing in comparison to standard Tegaderm dressing™. 28650050 2 74 theme Emulsion 308:315 arg1 electrospinning 317:331 Emulsion electrospinning 308:331 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion 308:391 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 2 75 theme bilayer 421:427 arg1 structure 432:440 a bilayer 3D structure 419:440 a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology 419:463 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 0 76 theme nanofibrous 10:20 arg1 hierarchy 25:33 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy 0:33 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management. 0:105 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management. 28650050 9 77 theme rat 1656:1658 arg1 models 1660:1665 rat models 1656:1665 rat models 1656:1665 Further, the scaffold effectively integrates and attaches with third-degree burn wound margins created in rat models and accelerates healing in comparison to standard Tegaderm dressing™. 28650050 3 78 contain has 491:493 arg1 membrane 482:489 The electrospun membrane 466:489 The electrospun membrane 466:489 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 3 78 contain has 491:493 arg2 size 527:530 pore size 522:530 pore size 522:530 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 3 78 contain has 491:493 arg2 diameter 501:508 fiber diameter 495:508 fiber diameter ∼274 nm 495:516 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 1 79 theme PCL-chitosan 283:294 arg1 nanofibers 296:305 PCL-chitosan nanofibers 283:305 PCL-chitosan nanofibers 283:305 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 2 80 theme varied 447:452 arg1 morphology 454:463 varied morphology 447:463 varied morphology 447:463 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 0 81 theme skin 38:41 arg1 rudiment 43:50 skin rudiment 38:50 skin rudiment 38:50 Bilayered nanofibrous 3D hierarchy as skin rudiment by emulsion electrospinning for burn wound management. 28650050 7 82 theme size 1315:1318 arg1 distribution 1320:1331 pore size distribution 1310:1331 pore size distribution 1310:1331 Anatomy of the scaffold arising due to variation in pore size distribution at different layers thereby facilitates compartmentalization and prevents initial cellular transmigration. 28650050 3 83 theme electrospun 470:480 arg1 membrane 482:489 The electrospun membrane 466:489 The electrospun membrane 466:489 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 4 84 attach isolated 661:668 arg1 scales 700:705 Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales 675:705 Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales 675:705 The 3D layer was further coated with collagen I isolated from Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales to improve biofunctionality. 28650050 4 84 attach isolated 661:668 arg2 collagen 650:657 collagen I 650:659 collagen I isolated from Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales to improve biofunctionality 650:733 The 3D layer was further coated with collagen I isolated from Cirrhinus cirrhosus fish scales to improve biofunctionality. 28650050 2 85 theme structure 432:440 arg1 development 404:414 development 404:414 development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology 404:463 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 10 86 dep promising 1768:1776 arg1 off-the-shelf 1814:1826 off-the-shelf 1814:1826 off-the-shelf 1814:1826 The bilayer scaffold is thus a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute. 28650050 10 86 dep promising 1768:1776 arg1 cost-effective 1798:1811 cost-effective 1798:1811 cost-effective 1798:1811 The bilayer scaffold is thus a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute. 28650050 10 86 dep promising 1768:1776 arg1 available 1787:1795 available 1787:1795 available 1787:1795 The bilayer scaffold is thus a promising, readily available, cost-effective, off-the-shelf matrix as a skin substitute. 28650050 9 87 theme standard 1708:1715 arg1 dressing™ 1726:1734 standard Tegaderm dressing™ 1708:1734 standard Tegaderm dressing™ 1708:1734 Further, the scaffold effectively integrates and attaches with third-degree burn wound margins created in rat models and accelerates healing in comparison to standard Tegaderm dressing™. 28650050 6 88 theme seeding 1145:1151 arg1 days 1126:1129 initial days 1118:1129 initial days of fibroblast seeding 1118:1151 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 8 89 theme matrix 1483:1488 arg1 synthesis 1498:1506 extracellular matrix protein synthesis 1469:1506 extracellular matrix protein synthesis 1469:1506 The scaffold also assists in extracellular matrix protein synthesis and keratinocyte stratification in vitro. 28650050 2 90 theme stirring 351:358 arg1 periods 360:366 differential stirring periods 338:366 differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion 338:391 Emulsion electrospinning with differential stirring periods of PCL-chitosan emulsion results in development of a bilayer 3D structure with varied morphology. 28650050 1 91 theme porous 221:226 arg1 layer 248:252 a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer 219:252 a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers 219:305 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 28650050 3 92 dep diameter 501:508 arg1 μm 538:539 ∼1.16 μm 532:539 ∼1.16 μm 532:539 The electrospun membrane has fiber diameter ∼274 nm and pore size ∼1.16 μm while fluffy 3D layer has fiber diameter ∼1.62 μm and pore size ∼62 μm. 28650050 6 93 theme nanofiber 1241:1249 arg1 layer 1251:1255 the membranous nanofiber layer 1226:1255 the membranous nanofiber layer 1226:1255 The architecture and composition of the scaffold promotes efficient cellular activity where interconnected porosity with ECM resembling collagen I coating assists cellular adhesion, infiltration, and proliferation from initial days of fibroblast seeding, while keratinocytes migrate on the surface only without infiltrating in the membranous nanofiber layer. 28650050 1 94 theme 3D 245:246 arg1 layer 248:252 a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer 219:252 a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers 219:305 Mimicking skin extracellular matrix hierarchy, the present work aims to develop a bilayer skin graft comprising a porous cotton-wool-like 3D layer with membranous structure of PCL-chitosan nanofibers. 29043952 2 0 theme novel 117:121 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 9 1 theme =MCCC 1268:1272 arg1 52476T 1288:1293 =MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T 1268:1293 =MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T 1268:1293 The type strain is HZ1T (=MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T). 29043952 9 1 theme =MCCC 1268:1272 arg1 HZ1T 1262:1265 HZ1T 1262:1265 HZ1T (=MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T) 1262:1294 The type strain is HZ1T (=MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T). 29043952 2 2 theme Weihai 343:348 arg1 China 354:358 Weihai, PR China 343:358 China 354:358 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 3 3 theme distinct 472:479 arg1 clade 481:485 a distinct clade 470:485 a distinct clade 470:485 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 5 4 theme major 879:883 arg1 acids 891:895 the major fatty acids 875:895 the major fatty acids 875:895 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 2 5 theme rod-shaped 153:162 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 7 6 theme novel 1135:1139 arg1 species 1141:1147 a novel species 1133:1147 a novel species 1133:1147 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 6 7 theme unidentified 986:997 arg1 aminolipids 999:1009 five unidentified aminolipids 981:1009 five unidentified aminolipids 981:1009 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids and five unidentified aminolipids. 29043952 6 7 theme unidentified 986:997 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids and five unidentified aminolipids. 29043952 7 8 theme properties 1084:1093 arg1 results 1032:1038 the results 1028:1038 the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties 1028:1093 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 7 9 theme Tenacibaculum 1162:1174 arg1 species 1141:1147 a novel species 1133:1147 a novel species 1133:1147 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 6 10 theme unidentified 957:968 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids and five unidentified aminolipids. 29043952 6 10 theme unidentified 957:968 arg1 lipids 970:975 four unidentified lipids 952:975 four unidentified lipids 952:975 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids and five unidentified aminolipids. 29043952 2 11 theme aerobic 144:150 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 7 12 dep results 1032:1038 arg1 the 1015:1017 the 1015:1017 the 1015:1017 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 7 12 dep results 1032:1038 arg1 basis 1019:1023 basis 1019:1023 basis 1019:1023 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 3 13 theme phylogenetic 494:505 arg1 tree 507:510 the phylogenetic tree 490:510 the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense 490:594 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 3 14 theme Phylogenetic 361:372 arg1 analysis 374:381 Phylogenetic analysis 361:381 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 361:414 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 5 15 dep feature 796:802 arg1 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 4 16 theme isolate 698:704 arg1 G+C content 679:689 The DNA G+C content 671:689 The DNA G+C content of the isolate 671:704 The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 31.8 mol%. 29043952 4 16 theme isolate 698:704 arg1 % 718:718 31.8 mol% 710:718 31.8 mol% 710:718 The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 31.8 mol%. 29043952 3 17 theme gene 401:404 arg1 sequences 406:414 16S rRNA gene sequences 392:414 16S rRNA gene sequences 392:414 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 7 18 theme phenotypic 1073:1082 arg1 properties 1084:1093 phenotypic properties 1073:1093 phenotypic properties 1073:1093 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 1 19 attach isolated 64:71 arg2 bacterium 54:62 an agar-degrading bacterium 36:62 an agar-degrading bacterium isolated from marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda 36:112 nov., an agar-degrading bacterium isolated from marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda. 29043952 1 19 attach isolated 64:71 arg1 Ueda 109:112 Ueda 109:112 Ueda 109:112 nov., an agar-degrading bacterium isolated from marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda. 29043952 2 20 theme marine 200:205 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 2 21 theme China 354:358 arg1 area 335:338 the coastal area 323:338 the coastal area of Weihai, PR China 323:358 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 7 22 theme phylogenetic 1047:1058 arg1 analysis 1060:1067 the phylogenetic analysis 1043:1067 the phylogenetic analysis 1043:1067 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 5 23 theme fatty 885:889 arg1 acids 891:895 the major fatty acids 875:895 the major fatty acids 875:895 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 4 24 theme 31.8 mol 710:717 arg1 G+C content 679:689 The DNA G+C content 671:689 The DNA G+C content of the isolate 671:704 The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 31.8 mol%. 29043952 4 24 theme 31.8 mol 710:717 arg1 % 718:718 31.8 mol% 710:718 31.8 mol% 710:718 The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 31.8 mol%. 29043952 3 25 theme genus 435:439 arg1 Tenacibaculum 441:453 the genus Tenacibaculum 431:453 the genus Tenacibaculum 431:453 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 7 26 theme analysis 1060:1067 arg1 results 1032:1038 the results 1028:1038 the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties 1028:1093 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 5 27 dep contained 726:734 arg1 3-OH 850:853 iso-C17 : 0 3-OH 838:853 iso-C17 : 0 3-OH 838:853 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 27 dep contained 726:734 arg1  0 785:786  0 785:786  0 785:786 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 27 dep contained 726:734 arg1 feature 796:802 summed feature 3 789:804 summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) 789:835 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 27 dep contained 726:734 arg1  1G 868:870  1G 868:870  1G as the major fatty acids 868:895 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 27 dep contained 726:734 arg1 iso-C15  859:866 iso-C15  859:866 iso-C15  859:866 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 2 28 theme agar-digesting 185:198 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 3 29 theme type 521:524 arg1 strains 526:532 the type strains 517:532 the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense 517:594 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 7 30 theme name 1191:1194 arg1 sp 1221:1222 the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp 1187:1222 the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp 1187:1222 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 3 31 theme 16S 392:394 arg1 sequences 406:414 16S rRNA gene sequences 392:414 16S rRNA gene sequences 392:414 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 5 32 dep C16  807:810 arg1 C16  825:828 C16  825:828 C16  825:828 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 32 dep C16  807:810 arg1  1ω7c 812:816  1ω7c 812:816  1ω7c 812:816 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 32 dep C16  807:810 arg1  1ω6c 830:834  1ω6c 830:834  1ω6c 830:834 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 33 theme summed 789:794 arg1 feature 796:802 summed feature 3 789:804 summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) 789:835 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 3 34 theme rRNA 396:399 arg1 sequences 406:414 16S rRNA gene sequences 392:414 16S rRNA gene sequences 392:414 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 9 35 theme type 1247:1250 arg1 strain 1252:1257 The type strain 1243:1257 The type strain 1243:1257 The type strain is HZ1T (=MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T). 29043952 9 35 theme type 1247:1250 arg1 HZ1T 1262:1265 HZ1T 1262:1265 HZ1T (=MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T) 1262:1294 The type strain is HZ1T (=MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T). 29043952 2 36 theme non-flagellated 165:179 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 9 37 theme 1H00174T=KCTC 1274:1286 arg1 52476T 1288:1293 =MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T 1268:1293 =MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T 1268:1293 The type strain is HZ1T (=MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T). 29043952 9 37 theme 1H00174T=KCTC 1274:1286 arg1 HZ1T 1262:1265 HZ1T 1262:1265 HZ1T (=MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T) 1262:1294 The type strain is HZ1T (=MCCC 1H00174T=KCTC 52476T). 29043952 3 38 with tree 507:510 arg1 strains 526:532 the type strains 517:532 the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense 517:594 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 4 39 theme DNA 675:677 arg1 G+C content 679:689 The DNA G+C content 671:689 The DNA G+C content of the isolate 671:704 The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 31.8 mol%. 29043952 4 39 theme DNA 675:677 arg1 % 718:718 31.8 mol% 710:718 31.8 mol% 710:718 The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 31.8 mol%. 29043952 5 40 theme predominant 748:758 arg1 MK-6 736:739 MK-6 736:739 MK-6 736:739 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 40 theme predominant 748:758 arg1 menaquinone 760:770 the predominant menaquinone 744:770 the predominant menaquinone 744:770 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 41 contain contained 726:734 arg2 MK-6 736:739 MK-6 736:739 MK-6 736:739 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 41 contain contained 726:734 arg1 HZ1T 721:724 HZ1T 721:724 HZ1T 721:724 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 5 41 contain contained 726:734 arg2 menaquinone 760:770 the predominant menaquinone 744:770 the predominant menaquinone 744:770 HZ1T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G as the major fatty acids. 29043952 3 42 theme gene 629:632 arg1 similarities 643:654 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 620:654 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 613:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 3 43 theme amylolyticum 551:562 arg1 strains 526:532 the type strains 517:532 the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense 517:594 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 2 44 theme coastal 327:333 arg1 area 335:338 the coastal area 323:338 the coastal area of Weihai, PR China 323:358 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 3 45 theme sequence 634:641 arg1 similarities 643:654 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 620:654 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 613:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 1 46 dep bacterium 54:62 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., an agar-degrading bacterium isolated from marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda. 29043952 6 47 theme polar 908:912 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids and five unidentified aminolipids. 29043952 6 47 theme polar 908:912 arg1 lipids 914:919 The major polar lipids 898:919 The major polar lipids 898:919 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids and five unidentified aminolipids. 29043952 3 48 theme 16S 620:622 arg1 similarities 643:654 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 620:654 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 613:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 2 49 dep China 354:358 arg1 PR 351:352 Weihai, PR China 343:358 PR 351:352 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 7 50 theme genus 1156:1160 arg1 Tenacibaculum 1162:1174 the genus Tenacibaculum 1152:1174 the genus Tenacibaculum 1152:1174 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 7 51 theme Tenacibaculumagarivorans 1196:1219 arg1 sp 1221:1222 the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp 1187:1222 the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp 1187:1222 On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic properties, it is concluded that HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculumagarivorans sp. 29043952 6 52 theme major 902:906 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 phosphatidylethanolamine 926:949 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids and five unidentified aminolipids. 29043952 6 52 theme major 902:906 arg1 lipids 914:919 The major polar lipids 898:919 The major polar lipids 898:919 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids and five unidentified aminolipids. 29043952 3 53 theme rRNA 624:627 arg1 similarities 643:654 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 620:654 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 613:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 3 54 theme skagerrakense 582:594 arg1 strains 526:532 the type strains 517:532 the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense 517:594 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 29043952 2 55 attach isolated 242:249 arg1 AST58-103 297:305 AST58-103 297:305 AST58-103 297:305 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 2 55 attach isolated 242:249 arg2 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 2 55 attach isolated 242:249 arg1 Ueda 291:294 Ueda 291:294 Ueda 291:294 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 2 56 theme Gram-stain-negative 123:141 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium 115:215 A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and agar-digesting marine bacterium, designated as HZ1T, was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, PR China. 29043952 1 57 theme agar-degrading 39:52 arg1 bacterium 54:62 an agar-degrading bacterium 36:62 an agar-degrading bacterium isolated from marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda 36:112 nov., an agar-degrading bacterium isolated from marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda. 29043952 3 58 dep % 618:618 arg1 similarities 643:654 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 620:654 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 613:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed HZ1T in the genus Tenacibaculum, and it formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree with the type strains of Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, with 97.0 % and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 26977901 13 0 theme Agromyces 1242:1250 arg1 sp 1265:1266 Agromyces binzhouensis sp 1242:1266 Agromyces binzhouensis sp 1242:1266 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. 26977901 13 1 theme binzhouensis 1252:1263 arg1 sp 1265:1266 Agromyces binzhouensis sp 1242:1266 Agromyces binzhouensis sp 1242:1266 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. 26977901 13 2 theme phenotypic 1175:1184 arg1 data 1219:1222 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1175:1222 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1175:1222 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. 26977901 4 3 theme NaCl 456:459 arg1 presence 431:438 the presence 427:438 the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %) 427:475 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 2 4 theme delta 326:330 arg1 China 336:340 PR China 333:340 PR China 333:340 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 2 4 theme delta 326:330 arg1 wetland 298:304 a coastal wetland 288:304 a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta 288:330 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 5 5 from glycine 604:610 arg1 peptidoglycan 619:631 its peptidoglycan 615:631 its peptidoglycan 615:631 The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and glycine in its peptidoglycan. 26977901 11 6 theme G+C 1049:1051 arg1 % 1074:1074 69.6 mol % 1065:1074 69.6 mol % 1065:1074 The DNA G+C content was 69.6 mol %. 26977901 11 6 theme G+C 1049:1051 arg1 content 1053:1059 The DNA G+C content 1041:1059 The DNA G+C content 1041:1059 The DNA G+C content was 69.6 mol %. 26977901 15 7 theme type 1292:1295 arg1 OAct353T 1307:1314 OAct353T 1307:1314 OAct353T (=CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T) 1307:1355 The type strain is OAct353T (=CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T). 26977901 15 7 theme type 1292:1295 arg1 strain 1297:1302 The type strain 1288:1302 The type strain 1288:1302 The type strain is OAct353T (=CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T). 26977901 9 8 theme unknown 918:924 arg1 glycolipids 926:936 three unknown glycolipids 912:936 three unknown glycolipids 912:936 The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and three unknown polar lipids. 26977901 4 9 theme optimum 493:499 arg1 pH 501:502 optimum pH 7.0 493:506 optimum pH 7.0 493:506 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 4 9 theme optimum 493:499 arg1 pH 481:482 pH 5.0-8.0 481:490 pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) 481:507 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 1 10 theme River 98:102 arg1 Delta 104:108 the Yellow River Delta 87:108 the Yellow River Delta 87:108 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta. 26977901 13 11 dep sp 1265:1266 arg1 data 1219:1222 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1175:1222 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1175:1222 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. 26977901 13 11 dep sp 1265:1266 arg1 species 1233:1239 a novel species 1225:1239 a novel species 1225:1239 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. 26977901 12 12 theme strain 1115:1120 arg1 OAct353T 1122:1129 strain OAct353T 1115:1129 strain OAct353T 1115:1129 DNA-DNA relatedness clearly separated strain OAct353T from its closest relatives. 26977901 2 13 theme soil 261:264 arg1 sample 266:271 a soil sample 259:271 a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China 259:340 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 5 14 from acid 595:598 arg1 peptidoglycan 619:631 its peptidoglycan 615:631 its peptidoglycan 615:631 The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and glycine in its peptidoglycan. 26977901 4 15 theme % 448:448 arg1 % 474:474 optimum 2-3 % 462:474 optimum 2-3 % 462:474 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 4 15 theme % 448:448 arg1 NaCl 456:459 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 443:459 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %) 443:475 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 6 16 theme acid 673:676 arg1 N-acetyl 682:689 N-acetyl 682:689 N-acetyl 682:689 The acyl type of the cell-wall muramic acid was N-acetyl. 26977901 6 16 theme acid 673:676 arg1 type 643:646 The acyl type 634:646 The acyl type of the cell-wall muramic acid 634:676 The acyl type of the cell-wall muramic acid was N-acetyl. 26977901 1 17 theme coastal 68:74 arg1 wetland 76:82 a coastal wetland 66:82 a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta 66:108 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta. 26977901 7 18 theme novel 722:726 arg1 strain 728:733 this novel strain 717:733 this novel strain 717:733 The whole-cell sugars of this novel strain were glucose, xylose and rhamnose. 26977901 12 19 theme closest 1140:1146 arg1 relatives 1148:1156 its closest relatives 1136:1156 its closest relatives 1136:1156 DNA-DNA relatedness clearly separated strain OAct353T from its closest relatives. 26977901 2 20 theme Gram-stain-positive 113:131 arg1 strain 179:184 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain 111:184 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain 111:184 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 15 21 theme =CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 1317:1333 arg1 OAct353T 1307:1314 OAct353T 1307:1314 OAct353T (=CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T) 1307:1355 The type strain is OAct353T (=CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T). 26977901 15 21 theme =CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 1317:1333 arg1 B-59115T 1347:1354 =CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T 1317:1354 =CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T 1317:1354 The type strain is OAct353T (=CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T). 26977901 6 22 theme muramic 665:671 arg1 acid 673:676 the cell-wall muramic acid 651:676 the cell-wall muramic acid 651:676 The acyl type of the cell-wall muramic acid was N-acetyl. 26977901 7 23 theme strain 728:733 arg1 sugars 707:712 The whole-cell sugars 692:712 The whole-cell sugars of this novel strain 692:733 The whole-cell sugars of this novel strain were glucose, xylose and rhamnose. 26977901 7 23 theme strain 728:733 arg1 glucose 740:746 glucose 740:746 glucose 740:746 The whole-cell sugars of this novel strain were glucose, xylose and rhamnose. 26977901 3 24 theme taxonomic 388:396 arg1 approach 398:405 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 375:405 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 375:405 The strain was identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 26977901 6 25 theme cell-wall 655:663 arg1 acid 673:676 the cell-wall muramic acid 651:676 the cell-wall muramic acid 651:676 The acyl type of the cell-wall muramic acid was N-acetyl. 26977901 2 26 theme coastal 290:296 arg1 China 336:340 PR China 333:340 PR China 333:340 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 2 26 theme coastal 290:296 arg1 wetland 298:304 a coastal wetland 288:304 a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta 288:330 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 9 27 theme unknown 948:954 arg1 lipids 962:967 three unknown polar lipids 942:967 three unknown polar lipids 942:967 The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and three unknown polar lipids. 26977901 5 28 contain contained 551:559 arg2 glycine 604:610 glycine 604:610 glycine 604:610 The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and glycine in its peptidoglycan. 26977901 5 28 contain contained 551:559 arg2 acid 595:598 glutamic acid 586:598 glutamic acid 586:598 The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and glycine in its peptidoglycan. 26977901 5 28 contain contained 551:559 arg2 acid 580:583 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 561:583 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 561:583 The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and glycine in its peptidoglycan. 26977901 5 28 contain contained 551:559 arg1 isolate 543:549 The isolate 539:549 The isolate 539:549 The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and glycine in its peptidoglycan. 26977901 2 29 dep Gram-stain-positive 113:131 arg1 rod-shaped 168:177 rod-shaped 168:177 rod-shaped 168:177 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 2 29 dep Gram-stain-positive 113:131 arg1 non-spore-forming 149:165 non-spore-forming 149:165 non-spore-forming 149:165 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 2 29 dep Gram-stain-positive 113:131 arg1 heterotrophic 134:146 heterotrophic 134:146 heterotrophic 134:146 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 5 30 theme glutamic 586:593 arg1 acid 595:598 glutamic acid 586:598 glutamic acid 586:598 The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and glycine in its peptidoglycan. 26977901 11 31 theme DNA 1045:1047 arg1 % 1074:1074 69.6 mol % 1065:1074 69.6 mol % 1065:1074 The DNA G+C content was 69.6 mol %. 26977901 11 31 theme DNA 1045:1047 arg1 content 1053:1059 The DNA G+C content 1041:1059 The DNA G+C content 1041:1059 The DNA G+C content was 69.6 mol %. 26977901 9 32 theme polar 956:960 arg1 lipids 962:967 three unknown polar lipids 942:967 three unknown polar lipids 942:967 The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and three unknown polar lipids. 26977901 10 33 theme major 974:978 arg1 iso-C16:0 997:1005 iso-C16:0 997:1005 iso-C16:0 997:1005 The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 26977901 10 33 theme major 974:978 arg1 acids 986:990 The major fatty acids 970:990 The major fatty acids 970:990 The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 26977901 1 34 theme Yellow 91:96 arg1 Delta 104:108 the Yellow River Delta 87:108 the Yellow River Delta 87:108 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta. 26977901 7 35 theme whole-cell 696:705 arg1 sugars 707:712 The whole-cell sugars 692:712 The whole-cell sugars of this novel strain 692:733 The whole-cell sugars of this novel strain were glucose, xylose and rhamnose. 26977901 7 35 theme whole-cell 696:705 arg1 glucose 740:746 glucose 740:746 glucose 740:746 The whole-cell sugars of this novel strain were glucose, xylose and rhamnose. 26977901 1 36 dep actinobacterium 36:50 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta. 26977901 2 37 theme Yellow 313:318 arg1 delta 326:330 the Yellow River delta 309:330 the Yellow River delta 309:330 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 2 38 theme genus 225:229 arg1 Agromyces 231:239 the genus Agromyces 221:239 the genus Agromyces 221:239 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 8 39 theme predominant 774:784 arg1 MK-12 804:808 MK-12 804:808 MK-12 804:808 The predominant menaquinones were MK-12 (74 %) and MK-11 (21 %). 26977901 8 39 theme predominant 774:784 arg1 menaquinones 786:797 The predominant menaquinones 770:797 The predominant menaquinones 770:797 The predominant menaquinones were MK-12 (74 %) and MK-11 (21 %). 26977901 3 40 theme polyphasic 377:386 arg1 approach 398:405 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 375:405 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 375:405 The strain was identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 26977901 4 41 theme optimum 462:468 arg1 % 474:474 optimum 2-3 % 462:474 optimum 2-3 % 462:474 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 4 41 theme optimum 462:468 arg1 NaCl 456:459 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 443:459 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %) 443:475 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 10 42 theme fatty 980:984 arg1 iso-C16:0 997:1005 iso-C16:0 997:1005 iso-C16:0 997:1005 The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 26977901 10 42 theme fatty 980:984 arg1 acids 986:990 The major fatty acids 970:990 The major fatty acids 970:990 The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 26977901 4 43 theme optimum 523:529 arg1 °C 519:520 12-36 °C 513:520 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C) 513:536 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 4 43 theme optimum 523:529 arg1 28 °C 531:535 optimum 28 °C 523:535 optimum 28 °C 523:535 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 9 44 theme major 839:843 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 864:883 phosphatidylglycerol 864:883 phosphatidylglycerol 864:883 The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and three unknown polar lipids. 26977901 9 44 theme major 839:843 arg1 phospholipids 845:857 The major phospholipids 835:857 The major phospholipids 835:857 The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and three unknown polar lipids. 26977901 1 45 attach isolated 52:59 arg2 actinobacterium 36:50 an actinobacterium 33:50 an actinobacterium isolated from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta 33:108 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta. 26977901 1 45 attach isolated 52:59 arg1 wetland 76:82 a coastal wetland 66:82 a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta 66:108 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta. 26977901 13 46 dep data 1219:1222 arg1 the 1162:1164 the 1162:1164 the 1162:1164 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. 26977901 13 46 dep data 1219:1222 arg1 basis 1166:1170 basis 1166:1170 basis 1166:1170 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. 26977901 2 47 theme River 320:324 arg1 delta 326:330 the Yellow River delta 309:330 the Yellow River delta 309:330 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 5 48 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 561:578 arg1 acid 580:583 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 561:583 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 561:583 The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and glycine in its peptidoglycan. 26977901 6 49 theme acyl 638:641 arg1 N-acetyl 682:689 N-acetyl 682:689 N-acetyl 682:689 The acyl type of the cell-wall muramic acid was N-acetyl. 26977901 6 49 theme acyl 638:641 arg1 type 643:646 The acyl type 634:646 The acyl type of the cell-wall muramic acid 634:676 The acyl type of the cell-wall muramic acid was N-acetyl. 26977901 1 50 theme Delta 104:108 arg1 wetland 76:82 a coastal wetland 66:82 a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta 66:108 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta. 26977901 4 51 theme 2-3  470:473 arg1 % 474:474 optimum 2-3 % 462:474 optimum 2-3 % 462:474 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 4 51 theme 2-3  470:473 arg1 NaCl 456:459 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 443:459 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %) 443:475 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 5 52 from acid 580:583 arg1 peptidoglycan 619:631 its peptidoglycan 615:631 its peptidoglycan 615:631 The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and glycine in its peptidoglycan. 26977901 2 53 attach isolated 245:252 arg1 sample 266:271 a soil sample 259:271 a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China 259:340 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 2 53 attach isolated 245:252 arg2 strain 179:184 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain 111:184 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain 111:184 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 13 54 theme novel 1227:1231 arg1 species 1233:1239 a novel species 1225:1239 a novel species 1225:1239 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. 26977901 13 55 theme phylogenetic 1187:1198 arg1 data 1219:1222 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1175:1222 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1175:1222 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. 26977901 15 56 theme 28305T=NRRL 1335:1345 arg1 OAct353T 1307:1314 OAct353T 1307:1314 OAct353T (=CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T) 1307:1355 The type strain is OAct353T (=CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T). 26977901 15 56 theme 28305T=NRRL 1335:1345 arg1 B-59115T 1347:1354 =CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T 1317:1354 =CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T 1317:1354 The type strain is OAct353T (=CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T). 26977901 4 57 theme w/v 451:453 arg1 % 474:474 optimum 2-3 % 462:474 optimum 2-3 % 462:474 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 4 57 theme w/v 451:453 arg1 NaCl 456:459 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 443:459 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %) 443:475 The strain grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12-36 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26977901 12 58 theme DNA-DNA 1077:1083 arg1 relatedness 1085:1095 DNA-DNA relatedness 1077:1095 DNA-DNA relatedness 1077:1095 DNA-DNA relatedness clearly separated strain OAct353T from its closest relatives. 26977901 2 59 theme PR 333:334 arg1 wetland 298:304 a coastal wetland 288:304 a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta 288:330 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 2 59 theme PR 333:334 arg1 China 336:340 PR China 333:340 PR China 333:340 A Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. 26977901 9 60 theme unknown 890:896 arg1 phospholipid 898:909 one unknown phospholipid 886:909 one unknown phospholipid 886:909 The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and three unknown polar lipids. 26977901 13 61 theme chemotaxonomic 1204:1217 arg1 data 1219:1222 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1175:1222 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1175:1222 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. 28984548 7 0 theme KIS14-16T 936:944 arg1 type 921:924 The peptidoglycan type 903:924 The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16T 903:944 The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16T was A3α, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4. 28984548 7 0 theme KIS14-16T 936:944 arg1 A3α 950:952 A3α 950:952 A3α 950:952 The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16T was A3α, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4. 28984548 12 1 theme genus 1519:1523 arg1 Arthrobacter 1525:1536 the genus Arthrobacter 1515:1536 the genus Arthrobacter 1515:1536 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 8 2 contain contained 1041:1049 arg2 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9(H2) 1069:1076 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 2 contain contained 1041:1049 arg2 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 2 contain contained 1041:1049 arg2 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 2 contain contained 1041:1049 arg2 amounts 1099:1105 relatively small amounts 1082:1105 relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1082:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 2 contain contained 1041:1049 arg2 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 2 contain contained 1041:1049 arg1 KIS14-16T 1031:1039 Strain KIS14-16T 1024:1039 Strain KIS14-16T 1024:1039 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 2 contain contained 1041:1049 arg2 amount 1059:1064 a large amount 1051:1064 a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1051:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 4 3 theme 4-33 °C 336:342 arg1 range 327:331 a temperature range 313:331 a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) 313:402 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 7 4 theme peptidoglycan 907:919 arg1 type 921:924 The peptidoglycan type 903:924 The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16T 903:944 The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16T was A3α, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4. 28984548 7 4 theme peptidoglycan 907:919 arg1 A3α 950:952 A3α 950:952 A3α 950:952 The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16T was A3α, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4. 28984548 14 5 theme 17303T=DSM 1641:1650 arg1 109660T 1664:1670 =KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T 1635:1670 =KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T 1635:1670 The type strain is KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T). 28984548 14 5 theme 17303T=DSM 1641:1650 arg1 KIS14-16T 1624:1632 KIS14-16T 1624:1632 KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T) 1624:1671 The type strain is KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T). 28984548 12 6 theme novel 1498:1502 arg1 species 1504:1510 a representative novel species 1481:1510 a representative novel species 1481:1510 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 12 6 theme novel 1498:1502 arg1 KIS14-16T 1447:1455 strain KIS14-16T 1440:1455 strain KIS14-16T 1440:1455 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 8 7 theme MK-9 1069:1072 arg1 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 7 theme MK-9 1069:1072 arg1 amount 1059:1064 a large amount 1051:1064 a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1051:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 7 theme MK-9 1069:1072 arg1 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 7 theme MK-9 1069:1072 arg1 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9(H2) 1069:1076 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 7 theme MK-9 1069:1072 arg1 amounts 1099:1105 relatively small amounts 1082:1105 relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1082:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 7 theme MK-9 1069:1072 arg1 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 5 8 theme sequence 581:588 arg1 similarity 590:599 high sequence similarity 576:599 high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %) 576:785 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 2 9 from soil 138:141 arg1 Korea 167:171 Korea 167:171 Korea 167:171 A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16T, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. 28984548 2 9 from soil 138:141 arg1 South 161:165 South 161:165 South 161:165 A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16T, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. 28984548 4 10 theme 7.0 399:401 arg1 optimum 390:396 optimum 390:396 optimum 390:396 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 2 11 theme actinomycete 70:81 arg1 strain 83:88 A novel actinomycete strain 62:88 A novel actinomycete strain 62:88 A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16T, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. 28984548 5 12 theme genus 546:550 arg1 Arthrobacter 552:563 the genus Arthrobacter 542:563 the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %) 542:785 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 14 13 theme type 1609:1612 arg1 KIS14-16T 1624:1632 KIS14-16T 1624:1632 KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T) 1624:1671 The type strain is KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T). 28984548 14 13 theme type 1609:1612 arg1 strain 1614:1619 The type strain 1605:1619 The type strain 1605:1619 The type strain is KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T). 28984548 5 14 dep A. 606:607 arg1 livingstonensis 609:623 livingstonensis 609:623 livingstonensis 609:623 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 4 15 theme range 371:375 arg1 range 327:331 a temperature range 313:331 a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) 313:402 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 8 16 theme small 1093:1097 arg1 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 16 theme small 1093:1097 arg1 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 16 theme small 1093:1097 arg1 amounts 1099:1105 relatively small amounts 1082:1105 relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1082:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 4 17 dep optimum 345:351 arg1 28-30 °C 354:361 28-30 °C 354:361 28-30 °C 354:361 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 4 18 theme 5.0-10.0 380:387 arg1 optimum 345:351 optimum 345:351 optimum 345:351 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 4 18 theme 5.0-10.0 380:387 arg1 4-33 °C 336:342 4-33 °C 336:342 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) 336:362 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 4 18 theme 5.0-10.0 380:387 arg1 range 371:375 pH range 368:375 pH range 368:375 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1288:1299 arg1 anteiso-C17  1308:1319 anteiso-C17  1308:1319 anteiso-C17  1308:1319 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28984548 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1288:1299 arg1  0 1301:1302  0 1301:1302  0 1301:1302 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28984548 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1288:1299 arg1  0 1321:1322  0 1321:1322  0 1321:1322 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28984548 5 20 theme 16S 474:476 arg1 sequences 488:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 6 21 theme DNA-DNA 788:794 arg1 relatedness 796:806 DNA-DNA relatedness 788:806 DNA-DNA relatedness 788:806 DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data distinguished strain KIS14-16T from phylogenetically related type strains. 28984548 4 22 theme % 431:431 arg1 NaCl 439:442 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 427:442 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) 427:457 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 4 22 theme % 431:431 arg1 optimum 445:451 optimum 445:451 optimum 445:451 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 12 23 theme Arthrobacter 1525:1536 arg1 species 1504:1510 a representative novel species 1481:1510 a representative novel species 1481:1510 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 12 23 theme Arthrobacter 1525:1536 arg1 KIS14-16T 1447:1455 strain KIS14-16T 1440:1455 strain KIS14-16T 1440:1455 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 5 24 theme gene 483:486 arg1 sequences 488:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 12 25 theme chemotaxonomic 1402:1415 arg1 data 1434:1437 these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1384:1437 these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1384:1437 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 10 26 theme fatty 1263:1267 arg1 acids 1269:1273 The major fatty acids 1253:1273 The major fatty acids (>10 %) 1253:1281 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28984548 10 26 theme fatty 1263:1267 arg1 % 1280:1280 >10 % 1276:1280 >10 % 1276:1280 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28984548 10 26 theme fatty 1263:1267 arg1 anteiso-C15  1288:1299 anteiso-C15  1288:1299 anteiso-C15  1288:1299 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28984548 12 27 theme phylogenetic 1421:1432 arg1 data 1434:1437 these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1384:1437 these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1384:1437 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 8 28 theme H2 1129:1130 arg1 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9(H2) 1069:1076 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 28 theme H2 1129:1130 arg1 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 28 theme H2 1129:1130 arg1 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 28 theme H2 1129:1130 arg1 amounts 1099:1105 relatively small amounts 1082:1105 relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1082:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 28 theme H2 1129:1130 arg1 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 0 29 theme Arthrobacter 0:11 arg1 sp 25:26 Arthrobacter silviterrae sp 0:26 Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 0:27 Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 5 30 theme A. 752:753 arg1 20124T 771:776 A. globiformis DSM 20124T 752:776 A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %) 752:785 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 30 theme A. 752:753 arg1 % 784:784 96.3 % 779:784 96.3 % 779:784 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 6 31 theme related 881:887 arg1 strains 894:900 phylogenetically related type strains 864:900 phylogenetically related type strains 864:900 DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data distinguished strain KIS14-16T from phylogenetically related type strains. 28984548 5 32 dep A. 711:712 arg1 stackebrandtii 714:727 stackebrandtii 714:727 stackebrandtii 714:727 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 33 theme DSM 767:769 arg1 20124T 771:776 A. globiformis DSM 20124T 752:776 A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %) 752:785 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 33 theme DSM 767:769 arg1 % 784:784 96.3 % 779:784 96.3 % 779:784 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 12 34 theme phenotypic 1390:1399 arg1 data 1434:1437 these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1384:1437 these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1384:1437 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 7 35 theme interpeptide 963:974 arg1 bridge 976:981 an interpeptide bridge 960:981 an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4 960:1021 The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16T was A3α, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4. 28984548 4 36 theme temperature 315:325 arg1 range 327:331 a temperature range 313:331 a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) 313:402 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 6 37 theme strain 842:847 arg1 KIS14-16T 849:857 strain KIS14-16T 842:857 strain KIS14-16T 842:857 DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data distinguished strain KIS14-16T from phylogenetically related type strains. 28984548 4 38 theme w/v 434:436 arg1 NaCl 439:442 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 427:442 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) 427:457 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 4 38 theme w/v 434:436 arg1 optimum 445:451 optimum 445:451 optimum 445:451 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 11 39 theme 63.9 mol 1357:1364 arg1 G+C content 1341:1351 The genomic DNA G+C content 1325:1351 The genomic DNA G+C content 1325:1351 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.9 mol%. 28984548 11 39 theme 63.9 mol 1357:1364 arg1 % 1365:1365 63.9 mol% 1357:1365 63.9 mol% 1357:1365 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.9 mol%. 28984548 4 40 theme NaCl 439:442 arg1 presence 415:422 the presence 411:422 the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) 411:457 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 12 41 theme Arthrobacter 1558:1569 arg1 sp 1583:1584 the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp 1549:1584 the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp 1549:1584 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 5 42 dep A. 672:673 arg1 psychrochitiniphilus 675:694 psychrochitiniphilus 675:694 psychrochitiniphilus 675:694 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 9 43 theme polar 1143:1147 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1161:1182 diphosphatidylglycerol 1161:1182 diphosphatidylglycerol 1161:1182 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and dimannosylglyceride. 28984548 9 43 theme polar 1143:1147 arg1 lipids 1149:1154 The main polar lipids 1134:1154 The main polar lipids 1134:1154 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and dimannosylglyceride. 28984548 7 44 with A3α 950:952 arg1 bridge 976:981 an interpeptide bridge 960:981 an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4 960:1021 The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16T was A3α, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4. 28984548 7 45 theme strain 929:934 arg1 KIS14-16T 936:944 strain KIS14-16T 929:944 strain KIS14-16T 929:944 The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16T was A3α, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4. 28984548 4 46 theme pH 368:369 arg1 range 371:375 pH range 368:375 pH range 368:375 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 2 47 theme forest 131:136 arg1 soil 138:141 forest soil 131:141 forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea 131:171 A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16T, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. 28984548 12 48 dep data 1434:1437 arg1 basis 1375:1379 basis 1375:1379 basis 1375:1379 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 12 48 dep data 1434:1437 arg1 the 1371:1373 the 1371:1373 the 1371:1373 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 3 49 theme aerobic 232:238 arg1 cells 222:226 The cells 218:226 The cells 218:226 The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods. 28984548 3 49 theme aerobic 232:238 arg1 rods 288:291 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods 232:291 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods 232:291 The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods. 28984548 12 50 theme representative 1483:1496 arg1 species 1504:1510 a representative novel species 1481:1510 a representative novel species 1481:1510 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 12 50 theme representative 1483:1496 arg1 KIS14-16T 1447:1455 strain KIS14-16T 1440:1455 strain KIS14-16T 1440:1455 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 5 51 theme strain 510:515 arg1 KIS14-16T 517:525 strain KIS14-16T 510:525 strain KIS14-16T 510:525 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 51 theme strain 510:515 arg1 member 532:537 a member 530:537 a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %) 530:785 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 11 52 theme genomic 1329:1335 arg1 G+C content 1341:1351 The genomic DNA G+C content 1325:1351 The genomic DNA G+C content 1325:1351 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.9 mol%. 28984548 11 52 theme genomic 1329:1335 arg1 % 1365:1365 63.9 mol% 1357:1365 63.9 mol% 1357:1365 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.9 mol%. 28984548 14 53 theme 27180T=NBRC 1652:1662 arg1 109660T 1664:1670 =KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T 1635:1670 =KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T 1635:1670 The type strain is KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T). 28984548 14 53 theme 27180T=NBRC 1652:1662 arg1 KIS14-16T 1624:1632 KIS14-16T 1624:1632 KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T) 1624:1671 The type strain is KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T). 28984548 8 54 theme large 1053:1057 arg1 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 54 theme large 1053:1057 arg1 amount 1059:1064 a large amount 1051:1064 a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1051:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 54 theme large 1053:1057 arg1 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 54 theme large 1053:1057 arg1 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9(H2) 1069:1076 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 54 theme large 1053:1057 arg1 amounts 1099:1105 relatively small amounts 1082:1105 relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1082:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 54 theme large 1053:1057 arg1 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 5 55 theme high 576:579 arg1 similarity 590:599 high sequence similarity 576:599 high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %) 576:785 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 14 56 theme =KACC 1635:1639 arg1 109660T 1664:1670 =KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T 1635:1670 =KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T 1635:1670 The type strain is KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T). 28984548 14 56 theme =KACC 1635:1639 arg1 KIS14-16T 1624:1632 KIS14-16T 1624:1632 KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T) 1624:1671 The type strain is KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T). 28984548 3 57 theme non-flagellated 262:276 arg1 cells 222:226 The cells 218:226 The cells 218:226 The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods. 28984548 3 57 theme non-flagellated 262:276 arg1 rods 288:291 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods 232:291 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods 232:291 The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods. 28984548 3 58 theme Gram-stain-positive 241:259 arg1 cells 222:226 The cells 218:226 The cells 218:226 The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods. 28984548 3 58 theme Gram-stain-positive 241:259 arg1 rods 288:291 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods 232:291 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods 232:291 The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods. 28984548 2 59 theme polyphasic 197:206 arg1 taxonomy 208:215 polyphasic taxonomy 197:215 polyphasic taxonomy 197:215 A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16T, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. 28984548 8 60 theme Strain 1024:1029 arg1 KIS14-16T 1031:1039 Strain KIS14-16T 1024:1039 Strain KIS14-16T 1024:1039 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 2 61 theme novel 64:68 arg1 strain 83:88 A novel actinomycete strain 62:88 A novel actinomycete strain 62:88 A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16T, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. 28984548 5 62 theme Arthrobacter 552:563 arg1 KIS14-16T 517:525 strain KIS14-16T 510:525 strain KIS14-16T 510:525 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 62 theme Arthrobacter 552:563 arg1 member 532:537 a member 530:537 a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %) 530:785 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 3 63 theme short 282:286 arg1 cells 222:226 The cells 218:226 The cells 218:226 The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods. 28984548 3 63 theme short 282:286 arg1 rods 288:291 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods 232:291 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods 232:291 The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods. 28984548 5 64 theme A. 672:673 arg1 GP3T 696:699 A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T 672:699 A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %) 672:708 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 64 theme A. 672:673 arg1 % 707:707 97.4 % 702:707 97.4 % 702:707 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 65 theme A. 711:712 arg1 2783T 733:737 A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T 711:737 A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) 711:746 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 65 theme A. 711:712 arg1 % 745:745 97.1 % 740:745 97.1 % 740:745 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 6 66 theme phenotypic 812:821 arg1 data 823:826 phenotypic data 812:826 phenotypic data 812:826 DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data distinguished strain KIS14-16T from phylogenetically related type strains. 28984548 8 67 theme amounts 1099:1105 arg1 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 67 theme amounts 1099:1105 arg1 amount 1059:1064 a large amount 1051:1064 a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1051:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 67 theme amounts 1099:1105 arg1 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 67 theme amounts 1099:1105 arg1 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9(H2) 1069:1076 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 67 theme amounts 1099:1105 arg1 amounts 1099:1105 relatively small amounts 1082:1105 relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1082:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 67 theme amounts 1099:1105 arg1 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 5 68 theme CCM 729:731 arg1 2783T 733:737 A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T 711:737 A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) 711:746 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 68 theme CCM 729:731 arg1 % 745:745 97.1 % 740:745 97.1 % 740:745 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 69 theme A. 606:607 arg1 LI2T 625:628 A. livingstonensis LI2T 606:628 A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %) 606:637 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 69 theme A. 606:607 arg1 % 636:636 97.7 % 631:636 97.7 % 631:636 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 70 theme rRNA 478:481 arg1 sequences 488:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 1 71 theme forest 49:54 arg1 soil 56:59 forest soil 49:59 forest soil 49:59 nov., isolated from forest soil. 28984548 12 72 theme strain 1440:1445 arg1 KIS14-16T 1447:1455 strain KIS14-16T 1440:1455 strain KIS14-16T 1440:1455 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 12 72 theme strain 1440:1445 arg1 species 1504:1510 a representative novel species 1481:1510 a representative novel species 1481:1510 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 8 73 theme H2 1116:1117 arg1 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9 1069:1072 MK-9(H2) 1069:1076 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 73 theme H2 1116:1117 arg1 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 H2 1116:1117 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 73 theme H2 1116:1117 arg1 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 H2 1074:1075 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 73 theme H2 1116:1117 arg1 amounts 1099:1105 relatively small amounts 1082:1105 relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2) 1082:1131 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 8 73 theme H2 1116:1117 arg1 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 H2 1129:1130 Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). 28984548 5 74 theme sequences 488:496 arg1 Comparison 460:469 Comparison 460:469 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences 460:496 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 10 75 theme major 1257:1261 arg1 acids 1269:1273 The major fatty acids 1253:1273 The major fatty acids (>10 %) 1253:1281 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28984548 10 75 theme major 1257:1261 arg1 % 1280:1280 >10 % 1276:1280 >10 % 1276:1280 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28984548 10 75 theme major 1257:1261 arg1 anteiso-C15  1288:1299 anteiso-C15  1288:1299 anteiso-C15  1288:1299 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28984548 4 76 dep 5.0-10.0 380:387 arg1 optimum 390:396 optimum 390:396 optimum 390:396 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 0 77 theme silviterrae 13:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Arthrobacter silviterrae sp 0:26 Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 0:27 Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 4 78 dep optimum 445:451 arg1 % 456:456 0 % 454:456 0 % 454:456 The strain grew in a temperature range of 4-33 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). 28984548 6 79 theme type 889:892 arg1 strains 894:900 phylogenetically related type strains 864:900 phylogenetically related type strains 864:900 DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data distinguished strain KIS14-16T from phylogenetically related type strains. 28984548 5 80 theme globiformis 755:765 arg1 20124T 771:776 A. globiformis DSM 20124T 752:776 A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %) 752:785 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 80 theme globiformis 755:765 arg1 % 784:784 96.3 % 779:784 96.3 % 779:784 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 81 with similarity 590:599 arg1 Cr6-08T 654:660 Cr6-08T 654:660 Cr6-08T 654:660 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 81 with similarity 590:599 arg1 % 745:745 97.1 % 740:745 97.1 % 740:745 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 81 with similarity 590:599 arg1 20124T 771:776 A. globiformis DSM 20124T 752:776 A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %) 752:785 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 81 with similarity 590:599 arg1 GP3T 696:699 A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T 672:699 A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %) 672:708 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 81 with similarity 590:599 arg1 % 636:636 97.7 % 631:636 97.7 % 631:636 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 81 with similarity 590:599 arg1 % 784:784 96.3 % 779:784 96.3 % 779:784 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 81 with similarity 590:599 arg1 % 668:668 97.6 % 663:668 97.6 % 663:668 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 81 with similarity 590:599 arg1 2783T 733:737 A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T 711:737 A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) 711:746 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 81 with similarity 590:599 arg1 LI2T 625:628 A. livingstonensis LI2T 606:628 A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %) 606:637 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 5 81 with similarity 590:599 arg1 % 707:707 97.4 % 702:707 97.4 % 702:707 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). 28984548 12 82 theme name 1553:1556 arg1 sp 1583:1584 the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp 1549:1584 the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp 1549:1584 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 11 83 theme DNA 1337:1339 arg1 G+C content 1341:1351 The genomic DNA G+C content 1325:1351 The genomic DNA G+C content 1325:1351 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.9 mol%. 28984548 11 83 theme DNA 1337:1339 arg1 % 1365:1365 63.9 mol% 1357:1365 63.9 mol% 1357:1365 The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.9 mol%. 28984548 12 84 theme silviterrae 1571:1581 arg1 sp 1583:1584 the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp 1549:1584 the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp 1549:1584 On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. 28984548 2 85 attach isolated 117:124 arg2 strain 83:88 A novel actinomycete strain 62:88 A novel actinomycete strain 62:88 A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16T, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. 28984548 2 85 attach isolated 117:124 arg1 soil 138:141 forest soil 131:141 forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea 131:171 A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16T, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. 28984548 9 86 theme main 1138:1141 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1161:1182 diphosphatidylglycerol 1161:1182 diphosphatidylglycerol 1161:1182 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and dimannosylglyceride. 28984548 9 86 theme main 1138:1141 arg1 lipids 1149:1154 The main polar lipids 1134:1154 The main polar lipids 1134:1154 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and dimannosylglyceride. 28483958 6 0 theme phenotypes 1206:1215 arg1 expression 1268:1277 CiaR-mediated gene expression 1249:1277 CiaR-mediated gene expression 1249:1277 Characterization of phenotypes, peptidoglycan composition, and CiaR-mediated gene expression revealed several novel aspects of penicillin resistance. 28483958 6 0 theme phenotypes 1206:1215 arg1 composition 1232:1242 peptidoglycan composition 1218:1242 peptidoglycan composition 1218:1242 Characterization of phenotypes, peptidoglycan composition, and CiaR-mediated gene expression revealed several novel aspects of penicillin resistance. 28483958 6 0 theme phenotypes 1206:1215 arg1 Characterization 1186:1201 Characterization 1186:1201 Characterization of phenotypes 1186:1215 Characterization of phenotypes, peptidoglycan composition, and CiaR-mediated gene expression revealed several novel aspects of penicillin resistance. 28483958 1 1 theme β-lactam 275:282 arg1 resistance 284:293 β-lactam resistance 275:293 β-lactam resistance 275:293 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 expresses unusually high levels of β-lactam resistance, which is in part due to mutations in the MurM gene, encoding a transferase involved in the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan. 28483958 2 2 dep Marx 516:519 arg1 2011 581:584 2011 581:584 2011 581:584 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 2 2 dep Marx 516:519 arg1 157:3104-3112 566:578 Microbiology 157:3104-3112 553:578 Microbiology 157:3104-3112 553:578 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 2 2 dep Marx 516:519 arg1 https 587:591 https 587:591 https 587:591 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 9 3 theme genes 1815:1819 arg1 expression 1786:1795 expression 1786:1795 expression of CiaR-regulated genes 1786:1819 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 3 4 theme mosaic 710:715 arg1 genes 751:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 10 5 theme proteins 2107:2114 arg1 activity 2089:2096 an altered enzymatic activity 2068:2096 an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins 2068:2114 Most importantly, the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides increased in cells containing mosaic PBPs, suggesting an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins. 28483958 2 6 contain contains 437:444 arg2 ciaH232 457:463 the allele ciaH232 446:463 the allele ciaH232 446:463 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 2 6 contain contains 437:444 arg1 it 434:435 it 434:435 it 434:435 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 7 7 theme Hu17 1360:1363 arg1 gene 1345:1348 The murM gene 1336:1348 The murM gene 1336:1348 The murM gene of strain Hu17 (murMHu17), which is highly similar to murM of Streptococcus mitis, induced morphological changes which were partly reversed by ciaH232. 28483958 7 7 theme Hu17 1360:1363 arg1 similar 1393:1399 similar 1393:1399 similar 1393:1399 The murM gene of strain Hu17 (murMHu17), which is highly similar to murM of Streptococcus mitis, induced morphological changes which were partly reversed by ciaH232. 28483958 3 8 theme low-affinity 696:707 arg1 genes 751:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 10 9 theme mosaic 2044:2049 arg1 PBPs 2051:2054 mosaic PBPs 2044:2054 mosaic PBPs 2044:2054 Most importantly, the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides increased in cells containing mosaic PBPs, suggesting an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins. 28483958 3 10 theme protein 737:743 arg1 genes 751:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 7 11 theme murM 1340:1343 arg1 gene 1345:1348 The murM gene 1336:1348 The murM gene 1336:1348 The murM gene of strain Hu17 (murMHu17), which is highly similar to murM of Streptococcus mitis, induced morphological changes which were partly reversed by ciaH232. 28483958 7 11 theme murM 1340:1343 arg1 similar 1393:1399 similar 1393:1399 similar 1393:1399 The murM gene of strain Hu17 (murMHu17), which is highly similar to murM of Streptococcus mitis, induced morphological changes which were partly reversed by ciaH232. 28483958 10 12 theme enzymatic 2079:2087 arg1 activity 2089:2096 an altered enzymatic activity 2068:2096 an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins 2068:2114 Most importantly, the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides increased in cells containing mosaic PBPs, suggesting an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins. 28483958 3 13 theme penicillin 718:727 arg1 genes 751:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 0 14 theme CiaRH 101:105 arg1 Aspects 4:10 New Aspects 0:10 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 0:163 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 5 15 theme resistance 1008:1017 arg1 development 982:992 the development 978:992 the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 978:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 5 16 dep strains 1165:1171 arg1 Hu15 1180:1183 Hu15 1180:1183 Hu15 1180:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 5 16 dep strains 1165:1171 arg1 R6 1173:1174 R6 1173:1174 R6 1173:1174 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 5 16 dep strains 1165:1171 arg1 strains 1165:1171 penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1134:1183 penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1134:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 3 17 theme genes 751:755 arg1 presence 684:691 the presence 680:691 the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage 680:842 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 0 18 theme Penicillin-Resistant 110:129 arg1 pneumoniae 145:154 Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 110:154 Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 110:154 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 5 19 theme transformation 1022:1035 arg1 experiments 1037:1047 transformation experiments 1022:1047 transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1022:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 2 20 dep 157:3104-3112 566:578 arg1 //doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0 593:624 //doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0 593:624 //doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0 593:624 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 9 21 theme cell 1889:1892 arg1 synthesis 1899:1907 cell wall synthesis 1889:1907 cell wall synthesis 1889:1907 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 3 22 theme PBP 746:748 arg1 genes 751:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 0 23 theme pneumoniae 145:154 arg1 murM 66:69 murM 66:69 murM 66:69 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 0 23 theme pneumoniae 145:154 arg1 CiaRH 101:105 the Two-Component System CiaRH 76:105 the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 76:154 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 0 23 theme pneumoniae 145:154 arg1 Interplay 19:27 the Interplay 15:27 the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins 15:63 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 1 24 theme branched 400:407 arg1 peptidoglycan 409:421 branched peptidoglycan 400:421 branched peptidoglycan 400:421 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 expresses unusually high levels of β-lactam resistance, which is in part due to mutations in the MurM gene, encoding a transferase involved in the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan. 28483958 10 25 theme branched 1946:1953 arg1 peptides 1955:1962 branched peptides 1946:1962 branched peptides 1946:1962 Most importantly, the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides increased in cells containing mosaic PBPs, suggesting an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins. 28483958 6 26 theme peptidoglycan 1218:1230 arg1 composition 1232:1242 peptidoglycan composition 1218:1242 peptidoglycan composition 1218:1242 Characterization of phenotypes, peptidoglycan composition, and CiaR-mediated gene expression revealed several novel aspects of penicillin resistance. 28483958 9 27 with combination 1689:1699 arg1 pbp2xHu17 1706:1714 pbp2xHu17 1706:1714 pbp2xHu17 1706:1714 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 9 27 with combination 1689:1699 arg1 pbp1a 1720:1724 pbp1a 1720:1724 pbp1a 1720:1724 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 9 28 theme cefotaxime 1664:1673 arg1 resistance 1675:1684 cefotaxime resistance 1664:1684 cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17) 1664:1751 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 8 29 dep pbp2x 1571:1575 arg1 the 1551:1553 the 1551:1553 the 1551:1553 murMHu17 conferred cefotaxime resistance only in the presence of the pbp2x of strain Hu17 (pbp2xHu17). 28483958 8 29 dep pbp2x 1571:1575 arg1 presence 1555:1562 presence 1555:1562 presence 1555:1562 murMHu17 conferred cefotaxime resistance only in the presence of the pbp2x of strain Hu17 (pbp2xHu17). 28483958 2 30 theme histidine 479:487 arg1 CiaH 496:499 the histidine kinase CiaH 475:499 the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0) 475:625 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 0 31 theme murM 66:69 arg1 Aspects 4:10 New Aspects 0:10 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 0:163 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 5 32 from experiments 1037:1047 arg1 development 982:992 the development 978:992 the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 978:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 0 33 theme Two-Component 80:92 arg1 System 94:99 the Two-Component System 76:99 the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 76:154 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 3 34 theme lineage 836:842 arg1 strain 778:783 strain Hu17 778:788 strain Hu17 778:788 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 3 34 theme lineage 836:842 arg1 member 809:814 a closely related member 791:814 a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage 791:842 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 0 35 theme New 0:2 arg1 Aspects 4:10 New Aspects 0:10 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 0:163 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 9 36 theme Hu17 1736:1739 arg1 pbp2xHu17 1706:1714 pbp2xHu17 1706:1714 pbp2xHu17 1706:1714 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 9 36 theme Hu17 1736:1739 arg1 pbp1a 1720:1724 pbp1a 1720:1724 pbp1a 1720:1724 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 6 37 theme penicillin 1313:1322 arg1 resistance 1324:1333 penicillin resistance 1313:1333 penicillin resistance 1313:1333 Characterization of phenotypes, peptidoglycan composition, and CiaR-mediated gene expression revealed several novel aspects of penicillin resistance. 28483958 5 38 with experiments 1037:1047 arg1 Hu15 1180:1183 Hu15 1180:1183 Hu15 1180:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 5 38 with experiments 1037:1047 arg1 R6 1173:1174 R6 1173:1174 R6 1173:1174 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 5 38 with experiments 1037:1047 arg1 genes 1054:1058 genes 1054:1058 genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH 1054:1127 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 5 38 with experiments 1037:1047 arg1 strains 1165:1171 penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1134:1183 penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1134:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 0 39 theme Interplay 19:27 arg1 Aspects 4:10 New Aspects 0:10 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 0:163 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 7 40 theme morphological 1441:1453 arg1 changes 1455:1461 morphological changes 1441:1461 morphological changes which were partly reversed by ciaH232 1441:1499 The murM gene of strain Hu17 (murMHu17), which is highly similar to murM of Streptococcus mitis, induced morphological changes which were partly reversed by ciaH232. 28483958 0 41 theme Penicillin 37:46 arg1 Proteins 56:63 Penicillin Binding Proteins 37:63 Penicillin Binding Proteins 37:63 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 0 42 dep Interplay 19:27 arg1 Serotype 156:163 Serotype 156:163 Serotype 156:163 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 10 43 theme muropeptides 2001:2012 arg1 proportion 1980:1989 the proportion 1976:1989 the proportion of linear muropeptides 1976:2012 Most importantly, the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides increased in cells containing mosaic PBPs, suggesting an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins. 28483958 7 44 theme Streptococcus 1412:1424 arg1 mitis 1426:1430 Streptococcus mitis 1412:1430 Streptococcus mitis 1412:1430 The murM gene of strain Hu17 (murMHu17), which is highly similar to murM of Streptococcus mitis, induced morphological changes which were partly reversed by ciaH232. 28483958 3 45 theme penicillin 639:648 arg1 resistance 650:659 High-level penicillin resistance 628:659 High-level penicillin resistance 628:659 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 1 46 dep Streptococcus 196:208 arg1 pneumoniae 210:219 pneumoniae 210:219 pneumoniae 210:219 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 expresses unusually high levels of β-lactam resistance, which is in part due to mutations in the MurM gene, encoding a transferase involved in the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan. 28483958 8 47 theme Hu17 1587:1590 arg1 pbp2x 1571:1575 the pbp2x 1567:1575 the pbp2x of strain Hu17 (pbp2xHu17) 1567:1602 murMHu17 conferred cefotaxime resistance only in the presence of the pbp2x of strain Hu17 (pbp2xHu17). 28483958 5 48 theme recipient 1155:1163 arg1 Hu15 1180:1183 Hu15 1180:1183 Hu15 1180:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 5 48 theme recipient 1155:1163 arg1 R6 1173:1174 R6 1173:1174 R6 1173:1174 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 5 48 theme recipient 1155:1163 arg1 strains 1165:1171 penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1134:1183 penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1134:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 9 49 theme expression 1786:1795 arg1 levels 1776:1781 higher levels 1769:1781 higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes 1769:1819 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 4 50 theme PBPs 923:926 arg1 absence 905:911 the absence 901:911 the absence of mosaic PBPs 901:926 Interestingly, strain Hu15 is β-lactam sensitive due to the absence of mosaic PBPs. 28483958 1 51 from mutations 320:328 arg1 gene 342:345 the MurM gene 333:345 the MurM gene 333:345 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 expresses unusually high levels of β-lactam resistance, which is in part due to mutations in the MurM gene, encoding a transferase involved in the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan. 28483958 2 52 theme Microbiology 553:564 arg1 2011 581:584 2011 581:584 2011 581:584 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 2 52 theme Microbiology 553:564 arg1 157:3104-3112 566:578 Microbiology 157:3104-3112 553:578 Microbiology 157:3104-3112 553:578 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 2 52 theme Microbiology 553:564 arg1 https 587:591 https 587:591 https 587:591 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 9 53 theme CiaR-regulated 1800:1813 arg1 genes 1815:1819 CiaR-regulated genes 1800:1819 CiaR-regulated genes 1800:1819 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 1 54 theme resistance 284:293 arg1 levels 265:270 unusually high levels 250:270 unusually high levels 250:270 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 expresses unusually high levels of β-lactam resistance, which is in part due to mutations in the MurM gene, encoding a transferase involved in the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan. 28483958 3 55 attach presence 684:691 arg2 genes 751:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 3 55 attach presence 684:691 arg1 strain 778:783 strain Hu17 778:788 strain Hu17 778:788 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 3 55 attach presence 684:691 arg1 member 809:814 a closely related member 791:814 a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage 791:842 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 2 56 theme allele 450:455 arg1 ciaH232 457:463 the allele ciaH232 446:463 the allele ciaH232 446:463 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 5 57 from development 982:992 arg1 experiments 1037:1047 transformation experiments 1022:1047 transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1022:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 10 58 contain containing 2033:2042 arg1 cells 2027:2031 cells 2027:2031 cells containing mosaic PBPs 2027:2054 Most importantly, the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides increased in cells containing mosaic PBPs, suggesting an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins. 28483958 10 58 contain containing 2033:2042 arg2 PBPs 2051:2054 mosaic PBPs 2044:2054 mosaic PBPs 2044:2054 Most importantly, the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides increased in cells containing mosaic PBPs, suggesting an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins. 28483958 7 59 theme strain 1353:1358 arg1 murMHu17 1366:1373 murMHu17 1366:1373 murMHu17 1366:1373 The murM gene of strain Hu17 (murMHu17), which is highly similar to murM of Streptococcus mitis, induced morphological changes which were partly reversed by ciaH232. 28483958 7 59 theme strain 1353:1358 arg1 Hu17 1360:1363 strain Hu17 1353:1363 strain Hu17 (murMHu17) 1353:1374 The murM gene of strain Hu17 (murMHu17), which is highly similar to murM of Streptococcus mitis, induced morphological changes which were partly reversed by ciaH232. 28483958 1 60 theme Streptococcus 196:208 arg1 Hungary19A-6 227:238 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 192:238 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 192:238 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 expresses unusually high levels of β-lactam resistance, which is in part due to mutations in the MurM gene, encoding a transferase involved in the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan. 28483958 4 61 theme strain 860:865 arg1 Hu15 867:870 strain Hu15 860:870 strain Hu15 860:870 Interestingly, strain Hu15 is β-lactam sensitive due to the absence of mosaic PBPs. 28483958 9 62 theme PBP1aHu17-mediated 1859:1876 arg1 changes 1878:1884 PBP1aHu17-mediated changes 1859:1884 PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis 1859:1907 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 3 63 theme binding 729:735 arg1 genes 751:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes 696:755 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 0 64 theme Streptococcus 131:143 arg1 pneumoniae 145:154 Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 110:154 Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 110:154 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 1 65 theme clone 221:225 arg1 Hungary19A-6 227:238 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 192:238 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 192:238 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 expresses unusually high levels of β-lactam resistance, which is in part due to mutations in the MurM gene, encoding a transferase involved in the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan. 28483958 6 66 theme gene 1263:1266 arg1 expression 1268:1277 CiaR-mediated gene expression 1249:1277 CiaR-mediated gene expression 1249:1277 Characterization of phenotypes, peptidoglycan composition, and CiaR-mediated gene expression revealed several novel aspects of penicillin resistance. 28483958 9 67 from changes 1878:1884 arg1 synthesis 1899:1907 cell wall synthesis 1889:1907 cell wall synthesis 1889:1907 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 3 68 from presence 684:691 arg1 strain 778:783 strain Hu17 778:788 strain Hu17 778:788 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 3 68 from presence 684:691 arg1 member 809:814 a closely related member 791:814 a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage 791:842 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 9 69 theme remarkable 1641:1650 arg1 increase 1652:1659 a remarkable increase 1639:1659 a remarkable increase 1639:1659 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 9 70 theme wall 1894:1897 arg1 synthesis 1899:1907 cell wall synthesis 1889:1907 cell wall synthesis 1889:1907 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 1 71 theme peptidoglycan 409:421 arg1 synthesis 387:395 the synthesis 383:395 the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan 383:421 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 expresses unusually high levels of β-lactam resistance, which is in part due to mutations in the MurM gene, encoding a transferase involved in the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan. 28483958 3 72 theme related 801:807 arg1 strain 778:783 strain Hu17 778:788 strain Hu17 778:788 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 3 72 theme related 801:807 arg1 member 809:814 a closely related member 791:814 a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage 791:842 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 9 73 from increase 1652:1659 arg1 resistance 1675:1684 cefotaxime resistance 1664:1684 cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17) 1664:1751 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 5 74 theme cefotaxime 997:1006 arg1 resistance 1008:1017 cefotaxime resistance 997:1017 cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 997:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 10 75 theme linear 1994:1999 arg1 muropeptides 2001:2012 linear muropeptides 1994:2012 linear muropeptides 1994:2012 Most importantly, the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides increased in cells containing mosaic PBPs, suggesting an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins. 28483958 2 76 theme kinase 489:494 arg1 CiaH 496:499 the histidine kinase CiaH 475:499 the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0) 475:625 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 6 77 theme resistance 1324:1333 arg1 aspects 1302:1308 several novel aspects 1288:1308 several novel aspects of penicillin resistance 1288:1333 Characterization of phenotypes, peptidoglycan composition, and CiaR-mediated gene expression revealed several novel aspects of penicillin resistance. 28483958 1 78 theme MurM 337:340 arg1 gene 342:345 the MurM gene 333:345 the MurM gene 333:345 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 expresses unusually high levels of β-lactam resistance, which is in part due to mutations in the MurM gene, encoding a transferase involved in the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan. 28483958 3 79 theme Hungary19A-6 823:834 arg1 lineage 836:842 the Hungary19A-6 lineage 819:842 the Hungary19A-6 lineage 819:842 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 4 80 theme mosaic 916:921 arg1 PBPs 923:926 mosaic PBPs 916:926 mosaic PBPs 916:926 Interestingly, strain Hu15 is β-lactam sensitive due to the absence of mosaic PBPs. 28483958 5 81 from resistance 1008:1017 arg1 experiments 1037:1047 transformation experiments 1022:1047 transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1022:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 10 82 theme altered 2071:2077 arg1 activity 2089:2096 an altered enzymatic activity 2068:2096 an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins 2068:2114 Most importantly, the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides increased in cells containing mosaic PBPs, suggesting an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins. 28483958 10 83 theme peptides 1955:1962 arg1 proportion 1932:1941 the proportion 1928:1941 the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides 1928:2012 Most importantly, the proportion of branched peptides relative to the proportion of linear muropeptides increased in cells containing mosaic PBPs, suggesting an altered enzymatic activity of these proteins. 28483958 6 84 theme novel 1296:1300 arg1 aspects 1302:1308 several novel aspects 1288:1308 several novel aspects of penicillin resistance 1288:1333 Characterization of phenotypes, peptidoglycan composition, and CiaR-mediated gene expression revealed several novel aspects of penicillin resistance. 28483958 0 85 theme System 94:99 arg1 CiaRH 101:105 the Two-Component System CiaRH 76:105 the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 76:154 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 9 86 theme strain 1729:1734 arg1 Hu17 1736:1739 strain Hu17 1729:1739 strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17) 1729:1751 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 9 86 theme strain 1729:1734 arg1 pbp1aHu17 1742:1750 pbp1aHu17 1742:1750 pbp1aHu17 1742:1750 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 9 87 from resistance 1675:1684 arg1 combination 1689:1699 combination 1689:1699 combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17) 1689:1751 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 0 88 from Hungary 183:189 arg1 Isolates 169:176 Isolates 169:176 Isolates from Hungary 169:189 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 1 89 theme high 260:263 arg1 levels 265:270 unusually high levels 250:270 unusually high levels 250:270 The Streptococcus pneumoniae clone Hungary19A-6 expresses unusually high levels of β-lactam resistance, which is in part due to mutations in the MurM gene, encoding a transferase involved in the synthesis of branched peptidoglycan. 28483958 6 90 theme several 1288:1294 arg1 aspects 1302:1308 several novel aspects 1288:1308 several novel aspects of penicillin resistance 1288:1333 Characterization of phenotypes, peptidoglycan composition, and CiaR-mediated gene expression revealed several novel aspects of penicillin resistance. 28483958 0 91 theme Binding 48:54 arg1 Proteins 56:63 Penicillin Binding Proteins 37:63 Penicillin Binding Proteins 37:63 New Aspects of the Interplay between Penicillin Binding Proteins, murM, and the Two-Component System CiaRH of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates from Hungary. 28483958 6 92 theme CiaR-mediated 1249:1261 arg1 expression 1268:1277 CiaR-mediated gene expression 1249:1277 CiaR-mediated gene expression 1249:1277 Characterization of phenotypes, peptidoglycan composition, and CiaR-mediated gene expression revealed several novel aspects of penicillin resistance. 28483958 8 93 theme cefotaxime 1521:1530 arg1 resistance 1532:1541 cefotaxime resistance 1521:1541 cefotaxime resistance 1521:1541 murMHu17 conferred cefotaxime resistance only in the presence of the pbp2x of strain Hu17 (pbp2xHu17). 28483958 8 94 theme strain 1580:1585 arg1 Hu17 1587:1590 strain Hu17 1580:1590 strain Hu17 (pbp2xHu17) 1580:1602 murMHu17 conferred cefotaxime resistance only in the presence of the pbp2x of strain Hu17 (pbp2xHu17). 28483958 8 94 theme strain 1580:1585 arg1 pbp2xHu17 1593:1601 pbp2xHu17 1593:1601 pbp2xHu17 1593:1601 murMHu17 conferred cefotaxime resistance only in the presence of the pbp2x of strain Hu17 (pbp2xHu17). 28483958 2 95 dep CiaH 496:499 arg1 Brückner 543:550 Brückner 543:550 Brückner 543:550 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 2 95 dep CiaH 496:499 arg1 Marx 516:519 Marx 516:519 Marx 516:519 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 2 95 dep CiaH 496:499 arg1 Hakenbeck 525:533 Hakenbeck 525:533 Hakenbeck 525:533 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 2 95 dep CiaH 496:499 arg1 P. 513:514 P. 513:514 P. 513:514 Moreover, it contains the allele ciaH232, encoding the histidine kinase CiaH (M. Müller, P. Marx, R. Hakenbeck, and R. Brückner, Microbiology 157:3104-3112, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053157-0). 28483958 9 96 theme higher 1769:1774 arg1 levels 1776:1781 higher levels 1769:1781 higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes 1769:1819 The ciaH232 allele contributed to a remarkable increase in cefotaxime resistance in combination with pbp2xHu17 and pbp1a of strain Hu17 (pbp1aHu17), accompanied by higher levels of expression of CiaR-regulated genes, documenting that ciaH232 responds to PBP1aHu17-mediated changes in cell wall synthesis. 28483958 3 97 theme High-level 628:637 arg1 resistance 650:659 High-level penicillin resistance 628:659 High-level penicillin resistance 628:659 High-level penicillin resistance primarily requires the presence of low-affinity (mosaic) penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, as, for example, in strain Hu17, a closely related member of the Hungary19A-6 lineage. 28483958 5 98 theme penicillin-sensitive 1134:1153 arg1 Hu15 1180:1183 Hu15 1180:1183 Hu15 1180:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 5 98 theme penicillin-sensitive 1134:1153 arg1 R6 1173:1174 R6 1173:1174 R6 1173:1174 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 5 98 theme penicillin-sensitive 1134:1153 arg1 strains 1165:1171 penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1134:1183 penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15 1134:1183 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 28483958 7 99 theme mitis 1426:1430 arg1 murM 1404:1407 murM 1404:1407 murM of Streptococcus mitis 1404:1430 The murM gene of strain Hu17 (murMHu17), which is highly similar to murM of Streptococcus mitis, induced morphological changes which were partly reversed by ciaH232. 28483958 5 100 theme unique 934:939 arg1 situation 941:949 This unique situation 929:949 This unique situation 929:949 This unique situation prompted us to investigate the development of cefotaxime resistance in transformation experiments with genes known to play a role in this phenotype, pbp2x, pbp1a, murM, and ciaH, and penicillin-sensitive recipient strains R6 and Hu15. 27987458 4 0 theme Dissipation 715:725 arg1 monitoring 727:736 Dissipation monitoring 715:736 Dissipation monitoring 715:736 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 4 1 used used 763:766 arg2 Reflectometry 654:666 Neutron Reflectometry 646:666 Neutron Reflectometry 646:666 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 5 2 theme SPIONs 910:915 arg1 interaction 881:891 the interaction 877:891 the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, 877:1055 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 1 3 theme biological 273:282 arg1 systems 284:290 biological systems 273:290 biological systems 273:290 The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine requires fundamental understanding on how they interact with and affect the different components of biological systems. 27987458 0 4 theme bilayers 101:108 arg1 surface 84:90 the surface 80:90 the surface of lipid bilayers 80:108 Neutron Reflectometry reveals the interaction between functionalized SPIONs and the surface of lipid bilayers. 27987458 0 4 theme bilayers 101:108 arg1 SPIONs 69:74 functionalized SPIONs 54:74 functionalized SPIONs 54:74 Neutron Reflectometry reveals the interaction between functionalized SPIONs and the surface of lipid bilayers. 27987458 2 5 dep target 386:391 arg1 an 373:374 an 373:374 an 373:374 In this respect, the cellular membrane, the cell envelope, certainly represents an important target or barrier for nanosystems. 27987458 3 6 theme promising 531:539 arg1 agents 550:555 promising contrast agents 531:555 promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 531:592 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 3 7 theme Magnetic 561:568 arg1 MRI 589:591 MRI 589:591 MRI 589:591 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 3 7 theme Magnetic 561:568 arg1 Imaging 580:586 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 561:586 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 561:592 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 1 8 theme systems 284:290 arg1 components 259:268 the different components 245:268 the different components of biological systems 245:290 The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine requires fundamental understanding on how they interact with and affect the different components of biological systems. 27987458 0 9 theme lipid 95:99 arg1 bilayers 101:108 lipid bilayers 95:108 lipid bilayers 95:108 Neutron Reflectometry reveals the interaction between functionalized SPIONs and the surface of lipid bilayers. 27987458 6 10 theme Cryogenic 1167:1175 arg1 Microscopy 1199:1208 Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy 1167:1208 Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images 1167:1226 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 6 10 theme Cryogenic 1167:1175 arg1 Cryo-TEM 1211:1218 Cryo-TEM 1211:1218 Cryo-TEM 1211:1218 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 3 11 theme Resonance 570:578 arg1 MRI 589:591 MRI 589:591 MRI 589:591 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 3 11 theme Resonance 570:578 arg1 Imaging 580:586 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 561:586 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 561:592 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 5 12 theme cationic 940:947 arg1 surfactant 949:958 a cationic surfactant 938:958 a cationic surfactant 938:958 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 7 13 theme lipid 1302:1306 arg1 membrane 1308:1315 the lipid membrane 1298:1315 the lipid membrane 1298:1315 None of the investigated functionalized SPIONs were found to disrupt the lipid membrane. 27987458 3 14 theme Iron 496:499 arg1 SPIONs 522:527 SPIONs 522:527 SPIONs 522:527 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 3 14 theme Iron 496:499 arg1 Nanoparticles 507:519 functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 463:519 functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) 463:528 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 6 15 theme Microscopy 1199:1208 arg1 images 1221:1226 Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images 1167:1226 Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images 1167:1226 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 1 16 theme fundamental 182:192 arg1 understanding 194:206 fundamental understanding 182:206 fundamental understanding 182:206 The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine requires fundamental understanding on how they interact with and affect the different components of biological systems. 27987458 8 17 dep concentration 1494:1506 arg1 i.e. 1473:1476 i.e. 1473:1476 i.e. 1473:1476 However, in all case we observed the attachment of the functionalized SPIONs onto the surface of the bilayers, which was affected by the bilayer rigidity, i.e. the cholesterol concentration. 27987458 6 18 theme Dynamic 1119:1125 arg1 DLS 1145:1147 DLS 1145:1147 DLS 1145:1147 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 6 18 theme Dynamic 1119:1125 arg1 Scattering 1133:1142 Dynamic Light Scattering 1119:1142 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements 1119:1161 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 5 19 theme lipid 997:1001 arg1 bilayers 1003:1010 lipid bilayers 997:1010 lipid bilayers 997:1010 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 6 20 theme Transmission 1177:1188 arg1 Microscopy 1199:1208 Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy 1167:1208 Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images 1167:1226 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 6 20 theme Transmission 1177:1188 arg1 Cryo-TEM 1211:1218 Cryo-TEM 1211:1218 Cryo-TEM 1211:1218 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 4 21 theme Quartz 682:687 arg1 Microbalance 697:708 Quartz Crystal Microbalance 682:708 Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments 682:756 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 0 22 theme Neutron 0:6 arg1 Reflectometry 8:20 Neutron Reflectometry 0:20 Neutron Reflectometry 0:20 Neutron Reflectometry reveals the interaction between functionalized SPIONs and the surface of lipid bilayers. 27987458 5 23 theme different 900:908 arg1 SPIONs 910:915 two different SPIONs 896:915 two different SPIONs 896:915 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 6 24 theme obtained 1076:1083 arg1 results 1085:1091 The obtained results 1072:1091 The obtained results 1072:1091 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 1 25 from application 120:130 arg1 biomedicine 161:171 biomedicine 161:171 biomedicine 161:171 The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine requires fundamental understanding on how they interact with and affect the different components of biological systems. 27987458 2 26 theme cellular 314:321 arg1 envelope 342:349 the cell envelope 333:349 the cell envelope 333:349 In this respect, the cellular membrane, the cell envelope, certainly represents an important target or barrier for nanosystems. 27987458 2 26 theme cellular 314:321 arg1 membrane 323:330 the cellular membrane 310:330 the cellular membrane 310:330 In this respect, the cellular membrane, the cell envelope, certainly represents an important target or barrier for nanosystems. 27987458 3 27 theme SuperParamagnetic 478:494 arg1 SPIONs 522:527 SPIONs 522:527 SPIONs 522:527 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 3 27 theme SuperParamagnetic 478:494 arg1 Nanoparticles 507:519 functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 463:519 functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) 463:528 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 6 28 theme Scattering 1133:1142 arg1 measurements 1150:1161 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements 1119:1161 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements 1119:1161 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 5 29 theme zwitterionic 966:977 arg1 phospholipid 979:990 a zwitterionic phospholipid 964:990 a zwitterionic phospholipid 964:990 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 5 30 theme cholesterol 1044:1054 arg1 cholesterol 1044:1054 cholesterol 1044:1054 cholesterol 1044:1054 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 5 30 theme cholesterol 1044:1054 arg1 amount 1034:1039 different amount 1024:1039 different amount of cholesterol 1024:1054 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 1 31 theme devices 150:156 arg1 application 120:130 The safe application 111:130 The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine 111:171 The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine requires fundamental understanding on how they interact with and affect the different components of biological systems. 27987458 3 32 theme lipid 599:603 arg1 bilayers 605:612 lipid bilayers 599:612 lipid bilayers 599:612 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 4 33 theme Microbalance 697:708 arg1 experiments 746:756 Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments 682:756 Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments 682:756 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 4 33 theme Microbalance 697:708 arg1 QCM-D 739:743 QCM-D 739:743 QCM-D 739:743 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 3 34 theme functionalized 463:476 arg1 SPIONs 522:527 SPIONs 522:527 SPIONs 522:527 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 3 34 theme functionalized 463:476 arg1 Nanoparticles 507:519 functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 463:519 functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) 463:528 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 8 35 theme SPIONs 1388:1393 arg1 attachment 1355:1364 the attachment 1351:1364 the attachment of the functionalized SPIONs onto the surface of the bilayers, which was affected by the bilayer rigidity 1351:1470 However, in all case we observed the attachment of the functionalized SPIONs onto the surface of the bilayers, which was affected by the bilayer rigidity, i.e. the cholesterol concentration. 27987458 8 36 theme bilayer 1455:1461 arg1 rigidity 1463:1470 the bilayer rigidity 1451:1470 the bilayer rigidity 1451:1470 However, in all case we observed the attachment of the functionalized SPIONs onto the surface of the bilayers, which was affected by the bilayer rigidity, i.e. the cholesterol concentration. 27987458 4 37 theme bilayer 841:847 arg1 composition 849:859 lipid bilayer composition 835:859 lipid bilayer composition 835:859 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 6 38 theme Light 1127:1131 arg1 DLS 1145:1147 DLS 1145:1147 DLS 1145:1147 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 6 38 theme Light 1127:1131 arg1 Scattering 1133:1142 Dynamic Light Scattering 1119:1142 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements 1119:1161 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 1 39 theme safe 115:118 arg1 application 120:130 The safe application 111:130 The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine 111:171 The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine requires fundamental understanding on how they interact with and affect the different components of biological systems. 27987458 0 40 theme functionalized 54:67 arg1 SPIONs 69:74 functionalized SPIONs 54:74 functionalized SPIONs 54:74 Neutron Reflectometry reveals the interaction between functionalized SPIONs and the surface of lipid bilayers. 27987458 8 41 theme bilayers 1419:1426 arg1 surface 1404:1410 the surface 1400:1410 the surface of the bilayers, which was affected by the bilayer rigidity 1400:1470 However, in all case we observed the attachment of the functionalized SPIONs onto the surface of the bilayers, which was affected by the bilayer rigidity, i.e. the cholesterol concentration. 27987458 4 42 theme lipid 835:839 arg1 composition 849:859 lipid bilayer composition 835:859 lipid bilayer composition 835:859 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 4 43 with experiments 746:756 arg1 monitoring 727:736 Dissipation monitoring 715:736 Dissipation monitoring 715:736 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 5 44 theme bilayers 1003:1010 arg1 interaction 881:891 the interaction 877:891 the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, 877:1055 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 4 45 theme Crystal 689:695 arg1 Microbalance 697:708 Quartz Crystal Microbalance 682:708 Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments 682:756 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 2 46 theme cell 337:340 arg1 envelope 342:349 the cell envelope 333:349 the cell envelope 333:349 In this respect, the cellular membrane, the cell envelope, certainly represents an important target or barrier for nanosystems. 27987458 2 46 theme cell 337:340 arg1 membrane 323:330 the cellular membrane 310:330 the cellular membrane 310:330 In this respect, the cellular membrane, the cell envelope, certainly represents an important target or barrier for nanosystems. 27987458 6 47 theme Electron 1190:1197 arg1 Microscopy 1199:1208 Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy 1167:1208 Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images 1167:1226 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 6 47 theme Electron 1190:1197 arg1 Cryo-TEM 1211:1218 Cryo-TEM 1211:1218 Cryo-TEM 1211:1218 The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. 27987458 8 48 theme cholesterol 1482:1492 arg1 concentration 1494:1506 the cholesterol concentration 1478:1506 the cholesterol concentration 1478:1506 However, in all case we observed the attachment of the functionalized SPIONs onto the surface of the bilayers, which was affected by the bilayer rigidity, i.e. the cholesterol concentration. 27987458 3 49 theme plasma 629:634 arg1 membrane 636:643 the plasma membrane 625:643 the plasma membrane 625:643 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 1 50 theme nanotechnology 135:148 arg1 devices 150:156 nanotechnology devices 135:156 nanotechnology devices 135:156 The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine requires fundamental understanding on how they interact with and affect the different components of biological systems. 27987458 8 51 theme functionalized 1373:1386 arg1 SPIONs 1388:1393 the functionalized SPIONs 1369:1393 the functionalized SPIONs 1369:1393 However, in all case we observed the attachment of the functionalized SPIONs onto the surface of the bilayers, which was affected by the bilayer rigidity, i.e. the cholesterol concentration. 27987458 3 52 theme Oxide 501:505 arg1 SPIONs 522:527 SPIONs 522:527 SPIONs 522:527 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 3 52 theme Oxide 501:505 arg1 Nanoparticles 507:519 functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 463:519 functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) 463:528 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 7 53 theme investigated 1241:1252 arg1 SPIONs 1269:1274 the investigated functionalized SPIONs 1237:1274 the investigated functionalized SPIONs 1237:1274 None of the investigated functionalized SPIONs were found to disrupt the lipid membrane. 27987458 4 54 theme Neutron 646:652 arg1 Reflectometry 654:666 Neutron Reflectometry 646:666 Neutron Reflectometry 646:666 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 4 55 theme SPION 817:821 arg1 coating 823:829 SPION coating 817:829 SPION coating 817:829 Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. 27987458 2 56 theme important 376:384 arg1 target 386:391 target 386:391 target 386:391 In this respect, the cellular membrane, the cell envelope, certainly represents an important target or barrier for nanosystems. 27987458 1 57 theme different 249:257 arg1 components 259:268 the different components 245:268 the different components of biological systems 245:290 The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine requires fundamental understanding on how they interact with and affect the different components of biological systems. 27987458 7 58 theme functionalized 1254:1267 arg1 SPIONs 1269:1274 the investigated functionalized SPIONs 1237:1274 the investigated functionalized SPIONs 1237:1274 None of the investigated functionalized SPIONs were found to disrupt the lipid membrane. 27987458 5 59 theme different 1024:1032 arg1 cholesterol 1044:1054 cholesterol 1044:1054 cholesterol 1044:1054 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 5 59 theme different 1024:1032 arg1 amount 1034:1039 different amount 1024:1039 different amount of cholesterol 1024:1054 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 5 60 contain containing 1013:1022 arg1 SPIONs 910:915 two different SPIONs 896:915 two different SPIONs 896:915 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 5 60 contain containing 1013:1022 arg2 cholesterol 1044:1054 cholesterol 1044:1054 cholesterol 1044:1054 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 5 60 contain containing 1013:1022 arg2 amount 1034:1039 different amount 1024:1039 different amount of cholesterol 1024:1054 In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. 27987458 3 61 theme contrast 541:548 arg1 agents 550:555 promising contrast agents 531:555 promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 531:592 Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. 27987458 7 62 theme SPIONs 1269:1274 arg1 None 1229:1232 None 1229:1232 None of the investigated functionalized SPIONs 1229:1274 None of the investigated functionalized SPIONs were found to disrupt the lipid membrane. 27902237 6 0 theme isoprenoid 866:875 arg1 systems 885:891 The isoprenoid quinone systems 862:891 The isoprenoid quinone systems 862:891 The isoprenoid quinone systems were menaquinones MK-9(H2), MK-9(H0) and MK-9(H4). 27902237 6 0 theme isoprenoid 866:875 arg1 MK-9 911:914 MK-9 911:914 MK-9 911:914 The isoprenoid quinone systems were menaquinones MK-9(H2), MK-9(H0) and MK-9(H4). 27902237 4 1 theme 16S 546:548 arg1 analysis 569:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 546:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate 546:591 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. 27902237 3 2 theme Tumulus 487:493 arg1 chamber 462:468 the stone chamber 452:468 the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 452:534 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 4 3 theme gene 555:558 arg1 analysis 569:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 546:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate 546:591 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. 27902237 13 4 theme novel 1687:1691 arg1 species 1693:1699 a novel species 1685:1699 a novel species 1685:1699 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 13 5 dep sp 1808:1809 arg1 nov. 1802:1805 the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 1763:1805 the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 1763:1805 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 8 6 contain contained 1053:1061 arg2 acid 1072:1075 glutamic acid 1063:1075 glutamic acid 1063:1075 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 8 6 contain contained 1053:1061 arg2 lysine 1105:1110 lysine 1105:1110 lysine 1105:1110 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 8 6 contain contained 1053:1061 arg2 alanine 1093:1099 alanine 1093:1099 alanine 1093:1099 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 8 6 contain contained 1053:1061 arg1 peptidoglycan 1039:1051 The peptidoglycan 1035:1051 The peptidoglycan 1035:1051 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 8 6 contain contained 1053:1061 arg2 acid 1087:1090 aspartic acid 1078:1090 aspartic acid 1078:1090 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 5 7 theme 99.1  820:824 arg1 % 825:825 % 825:825 % 825:825 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 8 8 theme aspartic 1078:1085 arg1 acid 1087:1090 aspartic acid 1078:1090 aspartic acid 1078:1090 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 3 9 dep painting 410:417 arg1 Byakko 437:442 Byakko 437:442 Byakko 437:442 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 3 9 dep painting 410:417 arg1 tiger 430:434 the white tiger 420:434 the white tiger 420:434 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 3 10 from chamber 462:468 arg1 village 504:510 Asuka village 498:510 Asuka village 498:510 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 5 11 theme 16S 827:829 arg1 similarity 850:859 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 820:859 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 820:859 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 12 12 theme DNA 1510:1512 arg1 content 1487:1493 The DNA G+C content 1475:1493 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 1475:1512 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. 27902237 12 12 theme DNA 1510:1512 arg1 % 1526:1526 75.2 mol% 1518:1526 75.2 mol% 1518:1526 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. 27902237 13 13 from species 1693:1699 arg1 Promicromonosporaceae 1730:1750 the family Promicromonosporaceae 1719:1750 the family Promicromonosporaceae 1719:1750 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 8 14 theme diamino 1154:1160 arg1 last 1122:1125 last 1122:1125 last 1122:1125 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 8 14 theme diamino 1154:1160 arg1 acid 1162:1165 the diagnostic diamino acid 1139:1165 the diagnostic diamino acid 1139:1165 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 3 15 dep Gram-stain-positive 242:260 arg1 anaerobic 277:285 anaerobic 277:285 anaerobic 277:285 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 7 16 theme fatty 969:973 arg1 anteiso-C15  1002:1013 anteiso-C15  1002:1013 anteiso-C15  1002:1013 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902237 7 16 theme fatty 969:973 arg1 acids 975:979 The predominant cellular fatty acids 944:979 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate 944:995 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902237 1 17 theme flava 223:227 arg1 comb 229:232 Krasilnikoviella flava comb 206:232 Krasilnikoviella flava comb 206:232 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 7 18 dep anteiso-C15  1002:1013 arg1  0 1015:1016  0 1015:1016  0 1015:1016 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902237 7 18 dep anteiso-C15  1002:1013 arg1  0 1031:1032  0 1031:1032 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1002:1032 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902237 7 18 dep anteiso-C15  1002:1013 arg1 iso-C15  1022:1029 iso-C15  1022:1029 iso-C15  1022:1029 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902237 7 19 theme predominant 948:958 arg1 anteiso-C15  1002:1013 anteiso-C15  1002:1013 anteiso-C15  1002:1013 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902237 7 19 theme predominant 948:958 arg1 acids 975:979 The predominant cellular fatty acids 944:979 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate 944:995 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902237 13 20 from genus 1710:1714 arg1 Promicromonosporaceae 1730:1750 the family Promicromonosporaceae 1719:1750 the family Promicromonosporaceae 1719:1750 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 3 21 theme strain 312:317 arg1 T6220-5-2bT 319:329 strain T6220-5-2bT 312:329 strain T6220-5-2bT 312:329 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 4 22 theme novel 665:669 arg1 lineage 671:677 a novel lineage 663:677 a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae 663:717 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. 27902237 1 23 theme Takamatsuzuka 110:122 arg1 interior 146:153 the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior 106:153 the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior 106:153 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 11 24 theme Whole-cell 1406:1415 arg1 sugars 1417:1422 Whole-cell sugars 1406:1422 Whole-cell sugars of the isolate 1406:1437 Whole-cell sugars of the isolate were galactose, glucose and ribose. 27902237 5 25 theme gene 836:839 arg1 similarity 850:859 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 820:859 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 820:859 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 12 26 theme DNA 1479:1481 arg1 content 1487:1493 The DNA G+C content 1475:1493 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 1475:1512 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. 27902237 12 26 theme DNA 1479:1481 arg1 % 1526:1526 75.2 mol% 1518:1526 75.2 mol% 1518:1526 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. 27902237 13 27 theme analyses 1597:1604 arg1 results 1542:1548 the results 1538:1548 the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1538:1642 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 13 28 theme muralis 1789:1795 arg1 nov. 1802:1805 the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 1763:1805 the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 1763:1805 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 5 29 theme closest 724:730 arg1 species 740:746 The closest related species 720:746 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT 720:768 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 5 29 theme closest 724:730 arg1 flava 792:796 Promicromonospora flava 774:796 Promicromonospora flava 774:796 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 13 30 theme DNA-DNA 1610:1616 arg1 experiments 1632:1642 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1610:1642 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1610:1642 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 11 31 theme isolate 1431:1437 arg1 sugars 1417:1422 Whole-cell sugars 1406:1422 Whole-cell sugars of the isolate 1406:1437 Whole-cell sugars of the isolate were galactose, glucose and ribose. 27902237 9 32 theme acyl 1182:1185 arg1 type 1187:1190 The cell-wall acyl type 1168:1190 The cell-wall acyl type 1168:1190 The cell-wall acyl type was acetyl. 27902237 9 32 theme acyl 1182:1185 arg1 acetyl 1196:1201 acetyl 1196:1201 acetyl 1196:1201 The cell-wall acyl type was acetyl. 27902237 3 33 theme white 424:428 arg1 Byakko 437:442 Byakko 437:442 Byakko 437:442 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 3 33 theme white 424:428 arg1 tiger 430:434 the white tiger 420:434 the white tiger 420:434 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 3 34 attach isolated 336:343 arg1 sample 352:357 a sample 350:357 a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 350:534 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 3 34 attach isolated 336:343 arg2 actinomycete 287:298 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete 240:298 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete 240:298 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 13 35 theme name 1767:1770 arg1 nov. 1802:1805 the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 1763:1805 the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 1763:1805 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 0 36 theme Krasilnikoviella 0:15 arg1 nov. 30:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 0:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 0:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 1 37 theme family 62:67 arg1 Promicromonosporaceae 69:89 the family Promicromonosporaceae 58:89 the family Promicromonosporaceae 58:89 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 4 38 theme family 690:695 arg1 Promicromonosporaceae 697:717 the family Promicromonosporaceae 686:717 the family Promicromonosporaceae 686:717 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. 27902237 13 39 theme family 1723:1728 arg1 Promicromonosporaceae 1730:1750 the family Promicromonosporaceae 1719:1750 the family Promicromonosporaceae 1719:1750 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 0 40 theme gen. 25:28 arg1 nov. 30:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 0:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 0:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 1 41 theme Tumulus 124:130 arg1 interior 146:153 the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior 106:153 the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior 106:153 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 3 42 theme mural 404:408 arg1 painting 410:417 a mural painting 402:417 a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 402:534 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 15 43 theme =JCM 1890:1893 arg1 T6220-5-2bT 1877:1887 T6220-5-2bT 1877:1887 T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T) 1877:1914 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). 27902237 15 43 theme =JCM 1890:1893 arg1 15040T 1908:1913 =JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T 1890:1913 =JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T 1890:1913 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). 27902237 16 44 theme flava 1959:1963 arg1 reclassification 1921:1936 The reclassification 1917:1936 The reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 1917:1995 The reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 10 45 theme major 1208:1212 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1247:1266 phosphatidylglycerol 1247:1266 phosphatidylglycerol 1247:1266 The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 27902237 10 45 theme major 1208:1212 arg1 lipids 1220:1225 The major polar lipids 1204:1225 The major polar lipids of the isolate 1204:1240 The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 27902237 5 46 theme strain 751:756 arg1 T6220-5-2bT 758:768 strain T6220-5-2bT 751:768 strain T6220-5-2bT 751:768 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 15 47 theme muralis 1866:1872 arg1 T6220-5-2bT 1877:1887 T6220-5-2bT 1877:1887 T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T) 1877:1914 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). 27902237 15 47 theme muralis 1866:1872 arg1 strain 1839:1844 The type strain 1830:1844 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis 1830:1872 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). 27902237 1 48 theme stone 132:136 arg1 interior 146:153 the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior 106:153 the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior 106:153 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 4 49 theme sequence 560:567 arg1 analysis 569:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 546:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate 546:591 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. 27902237 3 50 from village 504:510 arg1 chamber 462:468 the stone chamber 452:468 the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 452:534 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 6 51 theme quinone 877:883 arg1 systems 885:891 The isoprenoid quinone systems 862:891 The isoprenoid quinone systems 862:891 The isoprenoid quinone systems were menaquinones MK-9(H2), MK-9(H0) and MK-9(H4). 27902237 6 51 theme quinone 877:883 arg1 MK-9 911:914 MK-9 911:914 MK-9 911:914 The isoprenoid quinone systems were menaquinones MK-9(H2), MK-9(H0) and MK-9(H4). 27902237 13 52 theme genus 1710:1714 arg1 species 1693:1699 a novel species 1685:1699 a novel species 1685:1699 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 5 53 theme sequence 841:848 arg1 similarity 850:859 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 820:859 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 820:859 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 4 54 theme rRNA 550:553 arg1 analysis 569:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 546:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate 546:591 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. 27902237 8 55 theme glutamic 1063:1070 arg1 acid 1072:1075 glutamic acid 1063:1075 glutamic acid 1063:1075 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 5 56 theme % 825:825 arg1 similarity 850:859 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 820:859 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 820:859 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 3 57 theme Gram-stain-positive 242:260 arg1 actinomycete 287:298 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete 240:298 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete 240:298 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 15 58 theme Krasilnikoviella 1849:1864 arg1 muralis 1866:1872 Krasilnikoviella muralis 1849:1872 Krasilnikoviella muralis 1849:1872 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). 27902237 1 59 theme flava 197:201 arg1 reclassification 159:174 reclassification 159:174 reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb 159:232 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 1 59 theme flava 197:201 arg1 interior 146:153 the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior 106:153 the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior 106:153 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 12 60 theme mol 1523:1525 arg1 % 1526:1526 75.2 mol% 1518:1526 75.2 mol% 1518:1526 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. 27902237 12 60 theme mol 1523:1525 arg1 content 1487:1493 The DNA G+C content 1475:1493 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 1475:1512 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. 27902237 4 61 theme isolate 585:591 arg1 analysis 569:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 546:576 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate 546:591 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. 27902237 13 62 theme experiments 1632:1642 arg1 results 1542:1548 the results 1538:1548 the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1538:1642 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 7 63 theme cellular 960:967 arg1 anteiso-C15  1002:1013 anteiso-C15  1002:1013 anteiso-C15  1002:1013 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902237 7 63 theme cellular 960:967 arg1 acids 975:979 The predominant cellular fatty acids 944:979 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate 944:995 The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902237 1 64 theme Krasilnikoviella 206:221 arg1 comb 229:232 Krasilnikoviella flava comb 206:232 Krasilnikoviella flava comb 206:232 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 8 65 theme diagnostic 1143:1152 arg1 last 1122:1125 last 1122:1125 last 1122:1125 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 8 65 theme diagnostic 1143:1152 arg1 acid 1162:1165 the diagnostic diamino acid 1139:1165 the diagnostic diamino acid 1139:1165 The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902237 16 66 theme Krasilnikoviella 1968:1983 arg1 comb 1991:1994 Krasilnikoviella flava comb 1968:1994 Krasilnikoviella flava comb 1968:1994 The reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 12 67 theme genomic 1502:1508 arg1 DNA 1510:1512 the genomic DNA 1498:1512 the genomic DNA 1498:1512 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. 27902237 15 68 theme type 1834:1837 arg1 T6220-5-2bT 1877:1887 T6220-5-2bT 1877:1887 T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T) 1877:1914 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). 27902237 15 68 theme type 1834:1837 arg1 strain 1839:1844 The type strain 1830:1844 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis 1830:1872 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). 27902237 5 69 theme rRNA 831:834 arg1 similarity 850:859 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 820:859 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 820:859 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 12 70 theme G+C 1483:1485 arg1 content 1487:1493 The DNA G+C content 1475:1493 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 1475:1512 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. 27902237 12 70 theme G+C 1483:1485 arg1 % 1526:1526 75.2 mol% 1518:1526 75.2 mol% 1518:1526 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. 27902237 4 71 theme genus 624:628 arg1 Promicromonospora 630:646 the genus Promicromonospora 620:646 the genus Promicromonospora 620:646 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. 27902237 13 72 theme Krasilnikoviella 1772:1787 arg1 nov. 1802:1805 the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 1763:1805 the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 1763:1805 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 1 73 theme chamber 138:144 arg1 interior 146:153 the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior 106:153 the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior 106:153 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 3 74 from spot 379:382 arg1 surface 391:397 the surface 387:397 the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 387:534 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 10 75 theme unknown 1350:1356 arg1 phospholipids 1358:1370 two unknown phospholipids 1346:1370 two unknown phospholipids 1346:1370 The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 27902237 13 76 theme gen. 1797:1800 arg1 nov. 1802:1805 the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 1763:1805 the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 1763:1805 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 9 77 theme cell-wall 1172:1180 arg1 type 1187:1190 The cell-wall acyl type 1168:1190 The cell-wall acyl type 1168:1190 The cell-wall acyl type was acetyl. 27902237 9 77 theme cell-wall 1172:1180 arg1 acetyl 1196:1201 acetyl 1196:1201 acetyl 1196:1201 The cell-wall acyl type was acetyl. 27902237 16 78 theme flava 1985:1989 arg1 comb 1991:1994 Krasilnikoviella flava comb 1968:1994 Krasilnikoviella flava comb 1968:1994 The reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 3 79 theme mouldy 372:377 arg1 spot 379:382 a mouldy spot 370:382 a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 370:534 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 13 80 theme hybridization 1618:1630 arg1 experiments 1632:1642 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1610:1642 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1610:1642 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 10 81 theme unknown 1379:1385 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1387:1403 an unknown phosphoglycolipid 1376:1403 an unknown phosphoglycolipid 1376:1403 The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 27902237 0 82 theme muralis 17:23 arg1 nov. 30:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 0:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 0:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 13 83 theme biochemical 1585:1595 arg1 analyses 1597:1604 phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses 1553:1604 phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses 1553:1604 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 5 84 theme Promicromonospora 774:790 arg1 species 740:746 The closest related species 720:746 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT 720:768 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 5 84 theme Promicromonospora 774:790 arg1 flava 792:796 Promicromonospora flava 774:796 Promicromonospora flava 774:796 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 1 85 theme Promicromonosporaceae 69:89 arg1 member 48:53 a member 46:53 a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae 46:89 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 1 85 theme Promicromonosporaceae 69:89 arg1 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. 27902237 5 86 theme related 732:738 arg1 species 740:746 The closest related species 720:746 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT 720:768 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 5 86 theme related 732:738 arg1 flava 792:796 Promicromonospora flava 774:796 Promicromonospora flava 774:796 The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27902237 13 87 from Promicromonosporaceae 1730:1750 arg1 species 1693:1699 a novel species 1685:1699 a novel species 1685:1699 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 3 88 theme painting 410:417 arg1 surface 391:397 the surface 387:397 the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 387:534 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 13 89 theme phylogenetic 1553:1564 arg1 analyses 1597:1604 phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses 1553:1604 phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses 1553:1604 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 17 90 theme emended 2028:2034 arg1 description 2036:2046 the emended description 2024:2046 the emended description of this species 2024:2062 nov. is also proposed with the emended description of this species. 27902237 10 91 theme polar 1214:1218 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1247:1266 phosphatidylglycerol 1247:1266 phosphatidylglycerol 1247:1266 The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 27902237 10 91 theme polar 1214:1218 arg1 lipids 1220:1225 The major polar lipids 1204:1225 The major polar lipids of the isolate 1204:1240 The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 27902237 0 92 dep sp 36:37 arg1 nov. 30:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 0:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov. 0:33 Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 13 93 theme physiological 1567:1579 arg1 analyses 1597:1604 phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses 1553:1604 phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses 1553:1604 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 15 94 theme 28789T=NCIMB 1895:1906 arg1 T6220-5-2bT 1877:1887 T6220-5-2bT 1877:1887 T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T) 1877:1914 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). 27902237 15 94 theme 28789T=NCIMB 1895:1906 arg1 15040T 1908:1913 =JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T 1890:1913 =JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T 1890:1913 The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). 27902237 17 95 theme species 2056:2062 arg1 description 2036:2046 the emended description 2024:2046 the emended description of this species 2024:2062 nov. is also proposed with the emended description of this species. 27902237 10 96 theme isolate 1234:1240 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1247:1266 phosphatidylglycerol 1247:1266 phosphatidylglycerol 1247:1266 The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 27902237 10 96 theme isolate 1234:1240 arg1 lipids 1220:1225 The major polar lipids 1204:1225 The major polar lipids of the isolate 1204:1240 The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 27902237 3 97 theme stone 456:460 arg1 chamber 462:468 the stone chamber 452:468 the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan 452:534 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 27902237 13 98 theme new 1706:1708 arg1 genus 1710:1714 a new genus 1704:1714 a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae 1704:1750 Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. 27902237 3 99 theme Asuka 498:502 arg1 village 504:510 Asuka village 498:510 Asuka village 498:510 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. 25180290 7 0 theme tensile 1367:1373 arg1 loads 1375:1379 tensile loads 1367:1379 tensile loads 1367:1379 Thus, under tensile loads, the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) appear to be of minor relevance. 25180290 9 1 theme growth 1854:1859 arg1 strategy 1861:1868 a plant growth strategy 1846:1868 a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms 1846:2103 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 8 2 theme specific 1693:1700 arg1 properties 1712:1721 specific cell wall properties 1693:1721 specific cell wall properties 1693:1721 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 6 3 theme wall 1343:1346 arg1 level 1348:1352 the cell wall level 1334:1352 the cell wall level 1334:1352 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 0 4 theme cell 164:167 arg1 levels 174:179 cell wall levels 164:179 cell wall levels 164:179 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 8 5 theme bundles 1568:1574 arg1 result 1589:1594 a result 1587:1594 a result of amplified cell wall formation 1587:1627 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 8 5 theme bundles 1568:1574 arg1 properties 1530:1539 The superior tensile properties 1509:1539 The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles 1509:1574 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 1 6 theme fast 231:234 arg1 growth 236:241 its fast growth 227:241 its fast growth 227:241 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo is well known for its fast growth and excellent mechanical performance, but the underlying relationships between its structure and properties are only partially known. 25180290 2 7 theme inertia 551:557 arg1 moment 541:546 its moment 537:546 its moment of inertia to cope with bending stresses caused by wind loads 537:608 Since it lacks secondary thickening, bamboo cannot use adaptive growth in the same way as a tree would in order to modify the geometry of the stem and increase its moment of inertia to cope with bending stresses caused by wind loads. 25180290 6 8 from differences 1234:1244 arg1 strength 1271:1278 strength 1271:1278 strength 1271:1278 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 6 8 from differences 1234:1244 arg1 stiffness 1257:1265 tensile stiffness 1249:1265 tensile stiffness 1249:1265 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 4 9 theme microtensile 1008:1019 arg1 tests 1021:1025 microtensile tests 1008:1025 microtensile tests 1008:1025 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 3 10 theme tissue 675:680 arg1 level 682:686 the tissue level 671:686 the tissue level 671:686 Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 6 11 dep RESULTS 1215:1221 arg1 found 1285:1289 found 1285:1289 were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level 1280:1352 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 8 12 theme amplified 1599:1607 arg1 formation 1619:1627 amplified cell wall formation 1599:1627 amplified cell wall formation 1599:1627 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 4 13 theme latewood 978:985 arg1 stems 899:903 stems 899:903 stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood 899:985 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 9 14 theme plant 2009:2013 arg1 biomechanics 1989:2000 the biomechanics 1985:2000 the biomechanics of the plant 1985:2013 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 6 15 theme Pronounced 1223:1232 arg1 differences 1234:1244 Pronounced differences 1223:1244 Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength 1223:1278 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 8 16 theme wall 1614:1617 arg1 formation 1619:1627 amplified cell wall formation 1599:1627 amplified cell wall formation 1599:1627 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 2 17 theme stem 519:522 arg1 geometry 503:510 the geometry 499:510 the geometry of the stem 499:522 Since it lacks secondary thickening, bamboo cannot use adaptive growth in the same way as a tree would in order to modify the geometry of the stem and increase its moment of inertia to cope with bending stresses caused by wind loads. 25180290 3 18 from levels 819:824 arg1 species 776:782 a softwood tree species 760:782 a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels 760:824 Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 6 19 theme KEY 1211:1213 arg1 RESULTS 1215:1221 KEY RESULTS 1211:1221 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 1211:1353 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 4 20 theme single 864:869 arg1 fibres 871:876 single fibres 864:876 single fibres 864:876 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 6 21 theme cell 1338:1341 arg1 level 1348:1352 the cell wall level 1334:1352 the cell wall level 1334:1352 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 5 22 theme Raman 1193:1197 arg1 microscopy 1199:1208 confocal Raman microscopy 1184:1208 confocal Raman microscopy 1184:1208 Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. 25180290 0 23 theme mechanical 59:68 arg1 performance 70:80 bamboo's excellent mechanical performance 40:80 bamboo's excellent mechanical performance 40:80 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 1 24 theme underlying 289:298 arg1 relationships 300:312 the underlying relationships 285:312 the underlying relationships between its structure and properties 285:349 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo is well known for its fast growth and excellent mechanical performance, but the underlying relationships between its structure and properties are only partially known. 25180290 2 25 theme same 455:458 arg1 way 460:462 the same way 451:462 the same way 451:462 Since it lacks secondary thickening, bamboo cannot use adaptive growth in the same way as a tree would in order to modify the geometry of the stem and increase its moment of inertia to cope with bending stresses caused by wind loads. 25180290 8 26 theme wall 1707:1710 arg1 properties 1712:1721 specific cell wall properties 1693:1721 specific cell wall properties 1693:1721 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 3 27 theme tree 771:774 arg1 species 776:782 a softwood tree species 760:782 a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels 760:824 Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 8 28 dep properties 1712:1721 arg1 being 1678:1682 being 1678:1682 being based on specific cell wall properties 1678:1721 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 9 29 theme plant 1848:1852 arg1 strategy 1861:1868 a plant growth strategy 1846:1868 a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms 1846:2103 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 5 30 theme X-ray 1163:1167 arg1 scattering 1169:1178 wide-angle X-ray scattering 1152:1178 wide-angle X-ray scattering 1152:1178 Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. 25180290 9 31 theme products 2073:2080 arg1 terms 2052:2056 terms 2052:2056 terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms 2052:2103 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 3 32 with comparison 744:753 arg1 species 776:782 a softwood tree species 760:782 a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels 760:824 Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 3 33 theme fibre 799:803 arg1 levels 819:824 the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels 787:824 the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels 787:824 Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 9 34 theme strategy 1861:1868 arg1 result 1836:1841 a result 1834:1841 a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms 1834:2103 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 9 34 theme strategy 1861:1868 arg1 optimization 1737:1748 The material optimization 1724:1748 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo 1724:1823 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 0 35 theme tensile 99:105 arg1 properties 107:116 tensile properties 99:116 tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue 99:151 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 3 36 theme tissue 791:796 arg1 levels 819:824 the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels 787:824 the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels 787:824 Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 4 37 theme mature 908:913 arg1 pubescens 942:950 pubescens 942:950 pubescens 942:950 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 4 37 theme mature 908:913 arg1 bamboo 920:925 mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood 908:985 bamboo 920:925 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 2 38 from growth 441:446 arg1 way 460:462 the same way 451:462 the same way 451:462 Since it lacks secondary thickening, bamboo cannot use adaptive growth in the same way as a tree would in order to modify the geometry of the stem and increase its moment of inertia to cope with bending stresses caused by wind loads. 25180290 0 39 theme Plant 0:4 arg1 features 15:22 Plant material features 0:22 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 0:180 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 5 40 theme cellulose 1045:1053 arg1 angles 1067:1072 cellulose microfibril angles 1045:1072 cellulose microfibril angles 1045:1072 Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. 25180290 4 41 theme bamboo 920:925 arg1 stems 899:903 stems 899:903 stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood 899:985 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 2 42 theme secondary 392:400 arg1 thickening 402:411 secondary thickening 392:411 secondary thickening 392:411 Since it lacks secondary thickening, bamboo cannot use adaptive growth in the same way as a tree would in order to modify the geometry of the stem and increase its moment of inertia to cope with bending stresses caused by wind loads. 25180290 1 43 theme excellent 247:255 arg1 performance 268:278 excellent mechanical performance 247:278 excellent mechanical performance 247:278 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo is well known for its fast growth and excellent mechanical performance, but the underlying relationships between its structure and properties are only partially known. 25180290 3 44 theme cell 809:812 arg1 wall 814:817 cell wall 809:817 cell wall 809:817 Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 7 45 theme wall 1396:1399 arg1 structures 1401:1410 the differing wall structures 1382:1410 the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) 1382:1462 Thus, under tensile loads, the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) appear to be of minor relevance. 25180290 4 46 theme stems 899:903 arg1 slices 889:894 tissue slices 882:894 tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood 882:985 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 9 47 theme thickening 1913:1922 arg1 growth 1924:1929 secondary thickening growth 1903:1929 secondary thickening growth 1903:1929 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 8 48 dep CONCLUSIONS 1497:1507 arg1 result 1589:1594 a result 1587:1594 a result of amplified cell wall formation 1587:1627 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 8 48 dep CONCLUSIONS 1497:1507 arg1 properties 1530:1539 The superior tensile properties 1509:1539 The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles 1509:1574 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 4 49 theme spruce 957:962 arg1 latewood 978:985 mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood 908:985 latewood 978:985 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 4 49 theme spruce 957:962 arg1 abies 971:975 Picea abies 965:975 Picea abies 965:975 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 9 50 with fibres 1776:1781 arg1 wall 1810:1813 a multi-lamellar cell wall 1788:1813 a multi-lamellar cell wall 1788:1813 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 1 51 theme AIMS 197:200 arg1 Bamboo 202:207 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo 182:207 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo 182:207 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo is well known for its fast growth and excellent mechanical performance, but the underlying relationships between its structure and properties are only partially known. 25180290 0 52 dep features 15:22 arg1 fibre 154:158 fibre 154:158 fibre 154:158 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 0 52 dep features 15:22 arg1 levels 174:179 cell wall levels 164:179 cell wall levels 164:179 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 0 52 dep features 15:22 arg1 comparison 85:94 a comparison 83:94 a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue 83:151 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 4 53 theme Picea 965:969 arg1 latewood 978:985 mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood 908:985 latewood 978:985 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 4 53 theme Picea 965:969 arg1 abies 971:975 Picea abies 965:975 Picea abies 965:975 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 9 54 theme tissue 1938:1943 arg1 level 1945:1949 the tissue level 1934:1949 the tissue level 1934:1949 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 9 54 theme tissue 1938:1943 arg1 favourable 1970:1979 favourable 1970:1979 favourable 1970:1979 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 8 55 theme tensile 1522:1528 arg1 result 1589:1594 a result 1587:1594 a result of amplified cell wall formation 1587:1627 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 8 55 theme tensile 1522:1528 arg1 properties 1530:1539 The superior tensile properties 1509:1539 The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles 1509:1574 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 2 56 theme adaptive 432:439 arg1 growth 441:446 adaptive growth 432:446 adaptive growth in the same way 432:462 Since it lacks secondary thickening, bamboo cannot use adaptive growth in the same way as a tree would in order to modify the geometry of the stem and increase its moment of inertia to cope with bending stresses caused by wind loads. 25180290 8 57 theme cell 1702:1705 arg1 properties 1712:1721 specific cell wall properties 1693:1721 specific cell wall properties 1693:1721 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 5 58 theme chemical 1078:1085 arg1 composition 1087:1097 chemical composition 1078:1097 chemical composition 1078:1097 Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. 25180290 9 59 theme material 1728:1735 arg1 result 1836:1841 a result 1834:1841 a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms 1834:2103 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 9 59 theme material 1728:1735 arg1 optimization 1737:1748 The material optimization 1724:1748 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo 1724:1823 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 0 60 from tissue 146:151 arg1 spruce 132:137 spruce 132:137 spruce 132:137 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 0 60 from tissue 146:151 arg1 bamboo 121:126 bamboo 121:126 bamboo 121:126 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 0 60 from tissue 146:151 arg1 properties 107:116 tensile properties 99:116 tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue 99:151 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 0 61 theme wall 169:172 arg1 levels 174:179 cell wall levels 164:179 cell wall levels 164:179 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 8 62 theme fibres 1551:1556 arg1 result 1589:1594 a result 1587:1594 a result of amplified cell wall formation 1587:1627 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 8 62 theme fibres 1551:1556 arg1 properties 1530:1539 The superior tensile properties 1509:1539 The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles 1509:1574 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 9 63 from optimization 1737:1748 arg1 bamboo 1818:1823 bamboo 1818:1823 bamboo 1818:1823 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 8 64 theme fibre 1562:1566 arg1 bundles 1568:1574 fibre bundles 1562:1574 fibre bundles 1562:1574 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 9 65 theme compact 1768:1774 arg1 fibres 1776:1781 extremely compact fibres 1758:1781 extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall 1758:1813 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 6 66 located found 1285:1289 arg1 levels 1315:1320 the tissue and fibre levels 1294:1320 levels 1315:1320 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 6 66 located found 1285:1289 arg2 differences 1234:1244 Pronounced differences 1223:1244 Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength 1223:1278 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 6 67 theme tensile 1249:1255 arg1 stiffness 1257:1265 tensile stiffness 1249:1265 tensile stiffness 1249:1265 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 7 68 theme minor 1480:1484 arg1 relevance 1486:1494 minor relevance 1480:1494 minor relevance 1480:1494 Thus, under tensile loads, the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) appear to be of minor relevance. 25180290 9 69 theme multi-lamellar 1790:1803 arg1 wall 1810:1813 a multi-lamellar cell wall 1788:1813 a multi-lamellar cell wall 1788:1813 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 0 70 theme spruce 132:137 arg1 properties 107:116 tensile properties 99:116 tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue 99:151 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 1 71 theme BACKGROUND 182:191 arg1 Bamboo 202:207 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo 182:207 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo 182:207 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo is well known for its fast growth and excellent mechanical performance, but the underlying relationships between its structure and properties are only partially known. 25180290 8 72 theme cell 1609:1612 arg1 formation 1619:1627 amplified cell wall formation 1599:1627 amplified cell wall formation 1599:1627 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 6 73 theme fibre 1309:1313 arg1 levels 1315:1320 the tissue and fibre levels 1294:1320 levels 1315:1320 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 0 74 theme bamboo 121:126 arg1 properties 107:116 tensile properties 99:116 tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue 99:151 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 0 75 from properties 107:116 arg1 tissue 146:151 the tissue 142:151 the tissue 142:151 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 8 76 theme formation 1619:1627 arg1 result 1589:1594 a result 1587:1594 a result of amplified cell wall formation 1587:1627 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 8 76 theme formation 1619:1627 arg1 properties 1530:1539 The superior tensile properties 1509:1539 The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles 1509:1574 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 3 77 theme softwood 762:769 arg1 species 776:782 a softwood tree species 760:782 a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels 760:824 Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 9 78 from level 1945:1949 arg1 lack 1895:1898 the lack 1891:1898 the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms 1891:2103 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 5 79 theme confocal 1184:1191 arg1 microscopy 1199:1208 confocal Raman microscopy 1184:1208 confocal Raman microscopy 1184:1208 Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. 25180290 6 80 theme tissue 1298:1303 arg1 levels 1315:1320 the tissue and fibre levels 1294:1320 levels 1315:1320 KEY RESULTS Pronounced differences in tensile stiffness and strength were found at the tissue and fibre levels, but not at the cell wall level. 25180290 7 81 theme spruce 1441:1446 arg1 structures 1401:1410 the differing wall structures 1382:1410 the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) 1382:1462 Thus, under tensile loads, the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) appear to be of minor relevance. 25180290 4 82 theme fibres 871:876 arg1 properties 850:859 The mechanical properties 835:859 The mechanical properties of single fibres 835:876 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 5 83 theme wide-angle 1152:1161 arg1 scattering 1169:1178 wide-angle X-ray scattering 1152:1178 wide-angle X-ray scattering 1152:1178 Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. 25180290 9 84 theme engineering 2061:2071 arg1 products 2073:2080 engineering products 2061:2080 engineering products made from bamboo culms 2061:2103 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 8 85 theme packed 1651:1656 arg1 tissue 1658:1663 a densely packed tissue 1641:1663 a densely packed tissue 1641:1663 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 2 86 theme bending 572:578 arg1 stresses 580:587 bending stresses 572:587 bending stresses caused by wind loads 572:608 Since it lacks secondary thickening, bamboo cannot use adaptive growth in the same way as a tree would in order to modify the geometry of the stem and increase its moment of inertia to cope with bending stresses caused by wind loads. 25180290 0 87 theme properties 107:116 arg1 levels 174:179 cell wall levels 164:179 cell wall levels 164:179 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 0 87 theme properties 107:116 arg1 comparison 85:94 a comparison 83:94 a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue 83:151 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 4 88 theme mechanical 839:848 arg1 properties 850:859 The mechanical properties 835:859 The mechanical properties of single fibres 835:876 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 9 89 used utilized 2040:2047 arg2 level 1945:1949 the tissue level 1934:1949 the tissue level 1934:1949 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 9 89 used utilized 2040:2047 arg2 favourable 1970:1979 favourable 1970:1979 favourable 1970:1979 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 0 90 theme material 6:13 arg1 features 15:22 Plant material features 0:22 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 0:180 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 2 91 theme wind 599:602 arg1 loads 604:608 wind loads 599:608 wind loads 599:608 Since it lacks secondary thickening, bamboo cannot use adaptive growth in the same way as a tree would in order to modify the geometry of the stem and increase its moment of inertia to cope with bending stresses caused by wind loads. 25180290 0 92 theme responsible 24:34 arg1 features 15:22 Plant material features 0:22 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 0:180 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 5 93 theme microfibril 1055:1065 arg1 angles 1067:1072 cellulose microfibril angles 1045:1072 cellulose microfibril angles 1045:1072 Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. 25180290 4 94 theme moso 915:918 arg1 pubescens 942:950 pubescens 942:950 pubescens 942:950 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 4 94 theme moso 915:918 arg1 bamboo 920:925 mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood 908:985 bamboo 920:925 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 9 95 theme cell 1805:1808 arg1 wall 1810:1813 a multi-lamellar cell wall 1788:1813 a multi-lamellar cell wall 1788:1813 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 1 96 theme mechanical 257:266 arg1 performance 268:278 excellent mechanical performance 247:278 excellent mechanical performance 247:278 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bamboo is well known for its fast growth and excellent mechanical performance, but the underlying relationships between its structure and properties are only partially known. 25180290 7 97 theme bamboo 1415:1420 arg1 structures 1401:1410 the differing wall structures 1382:1410 the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) 1382:1462 Thus, under tensile loads, the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) appear to be of minor relevance. 25180290 3 98 theme wall 814:817 arg1 levels 819:824 the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels 787:824 the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels 787:824 Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 4 99 theme tissue 882:887 arg1 slices 889:894 tissue slices 882:894 tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood 882:985 METHODS The mechanical properties of single fibres and tissue slices of stems of mature moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and spruce (Picea abies) latewood were investigated in microtensile tests. 25180290 9 100 theme secondary 1903:1911 arg1 growth 1924:1929 secondary thickening growth 1903:1929 secondary thickening growth 1903:1929 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 0 101 theme excellent 49:57 arg1 performance 70:80 bamboo's excellent mechanical performance 40:80 bamboo's excellent mechanical performance 40:80 Plant material features responsible for bamboo's excellent mechanical performance: a comparison of tensile properties of bamboo and spruce at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 5 102 theme Cell 1028:1031 arg1 parameters 1033:1042 Cell parameters 1028:1042 Cell parameters 1028:1042 Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. 25180290 9 103 theme growth 1924:1929 arg1 lack 1895:1898 the lack 1891:1898 the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms 1891:2103 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 8 104 theme superior 1513:1520 arg1 result 1589:1594 a result 1587:1594 a result of amplified cell wall formation 1587:1627 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 8 104 theme superior 1513:1520 arg1 properties 1530:1539 The superior tensile properties 1509:1539 The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles 1509:1574 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 7 105 theme differing 1386:1394 arg1 structures 1401:1410 the differing wall structures 1382:1410 the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) 1382:1462 Thus, under tensile loads, the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) appear to be of minor relevance. 25180290 5 106 theme light 1121:1125 arg1 microscopy 1140:1149 light and electron microscopy 1121:1149 microscopy 1140:1149 Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. 25180290 9 107 theme bamboo 2092:2097 arg1 culms 2099:2103 bamboo culms 2092:2103 bamboo culms 2092:2103 The material optimization towards extremely compact fibres with a multi-lamellar cell wall in bamboo might be a result of a plant growth strategy that compensates for the lack of secondary thickening growth at the tissue level, which is not only favourable for the biomechanics of the plant but is also increasingly utilized in terms of engineering products made from bamboo culms. 25180290 3 108 theme mechanical 625:634 arg1 adaptation 636:645 mechanical adaptation 625:645 mechanical adaptation 625:645 Consequently, mechanical adaptation can only be achieved at the tissue level, and this study aims to examine how this is achieved by comparison with a softwood tree species at the tissue, fibre and cell wall levels. 25180290 5 109 theme electron 1131:1138 arg1 microscopy 1140:1149 light and electron microscopy 1121:1149 microscopy 1140:1149 Cell parameters, cellulose microfibril angles and chemical composition were determined using light and electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and confocal Raman microscopy. 25180290 8 110 theme bamboo 1544:1549 arg1 fibres 1551:1556 bamboo fibres 1544:1556 bamboo fibres 1544:1556 CONCLUSIONS The superior tensile properties of bamboo fibres and fibre bundles are mainly a result of amplified cell wall formation, leading to a densely packed tissue, rather than being based on specific cell wall properties. 25180290 7 111 dep bamboo 1415:1420 arg1 multilayered 1423:1434 multilayered 1423:1434 multilayered 1423:1434 Thus, under tensile loads, the differing wall structures of bamboo (multilayered) and spruce (sandwich-like) appear to be of minor relevance. 27902298 8 0 theme 5GHs33-3T 1022:1030 arg1 anteiso-C15  1037:1048 anteiso-C15  1037:1048 anteiso-C15  1037:1048 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27902298 8 0 theme 5GHs33-3T 1022:1030 arg1 acids 1006:1010 The predominant fatty acids 984:1010 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T 984:1030 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27902298 6 1 theme sequence 768:775 arg1 similarity 777:786 less than 95.5 % sequence similarity 751:786 less than 95.5 % sequence similarity 751:786 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 2 dep % 766:766 arg1 95.5  761:765 95.5  761:765 95.5  761:765 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 17 3 theme type 1818:1821 arg1 29256T 1869:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 nov. (type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T). 27902298 6 4 dep similarity 777:786 arg1 % 766:766 % 766:766 % 766:766 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 11 5 theme diamino 1279:1285 arg1 acid 1287:1290 the diagnostic diamino acid 1264:1290 the diagnostic diamino acid 1264:1290 The peptidoglycan type was A4β, with ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Glu. 27902298 13 6 theme analyses 1462:1469 arg1 evidence 1393:1400 phylogenetic evidence 1380:1400 phylogenetic evidence 1380:1400 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 13 6 theme analyses 1462:1469 arg1 results 1410:1416 the results 1406:1416 the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1406:1469 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 17 7 theme EGI 1830:1832 arg1 29256T 1869:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 nov. (type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T). 27902298 11 8 theme peptidoglycan 1218:1230 arg1 A4β 1241:1243 A4β 1241:1243 A4β 1241:1243 The peptidoglycan type was A4β, with ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Glu. 27902298 11 8 theme peptidoglycan 1218:1230 arg1 type 1232:1235 The peptidoglycan type 1214:1235 The peptidoglycan type 1214:1235 The peptidoglycan type was A4β, with ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Glu. 27902298 13 9 theme strain 1472:1477 arg1 5GHs33-3T 1479:1487 strain 5GHs33-3T 1472:1487 strain 5GHs33-3T 1472:1487 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 6 10 contain had 587:589 arg2 similarity 777:786 less than 95.5 % sequence similarity 751:786 less than 95.5 % sequence similarity 751:786 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 10 contain had 587:589 arg2 similarity 605:614 high sequence similarity 591:614 high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %) 591:659 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 10 contain had 587:589 arg2 % 697:697 96.4 % 692:697 96.4 % 692:697 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 10 contain had 587:589 arg1 5GHs33-3T 577:585 strain 5GHs33-3T 570:585 strain 5GHs33-3T 570:585 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 10 contain had 587:589 arg2 CF5-4T 684:689 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T 662:689 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) 662:698 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 1 11 attach isolated 45:52 arg2 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., isolated from greenhouse soil, and reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 1 11 attach isolated 45:52 arg1 soil 70:73 greenhouse soil 59:73 greenhouse soil 59:73 nov., isolated from greenhouse soil, and reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 7 12 theme suaedae 964:970 arg1 60002T 976:981 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 952:981 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 952:981 The phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T formed a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T. 27902298 6 13 theme ferrariae 674:682 arg1 CF5-4T 684:689 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T 662:689 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) 662:698 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 13 theme ferrariae 674:682 arg1 % 697:697 96.4 % 692:697 96.4 % 692:697 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 3 14 theme Yongin 250:255 arg1 region 257:262 Yongin region 250:262 Yongin region 250:262 A bacterial strain, designated 5GHs33-3T, was isolated from greenhouse soil collected from Yongin region, Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 27902298 3 14 theme Yongin 250:255 arg1 Korea 290:294 Korea 290:294 Korea 290:294 A bacterial strain, designated 5GHs33-3T, was isolated from greenhouse soil collected from Yongin region, Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 27902298 13 15 theme name 1578:1581 arg1 nov. 1612:1615 the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 1574:1615 the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 1574:1615 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 7 16 theme monophyletic 929:940 arg1 line 942:945 a robust independent monophyletic line 908:945 a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 908:981 The phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T formed a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T. 27902298 5 17 theme % 485:485 arg1 NaCl 493:496 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl 481:496 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %) 481:517 Strain 5GHs33-3T grew at 4-37 °C (optimally at 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and with 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %). 27902298 15 18 theme type 1663:1666 arg1 species 1668:1674 the type species 1659:1674 the type species 1659:1674 The type strain of the type species is 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T). 27902298 17 19 theme 19624T=KACC 1845:1855 arg1 29256T 1869:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 nov. (type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T). 27902298 13 20 theme terrae 1600:1605 arg1 nov. 1612:1615 the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 1574:1615 the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 1574:1615 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 7 21 theme robust 910:915 arg1 line 942:945 a robust independent monophyletic line 908:945 a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 908:981 The phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T formed a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T. 27902298 5 22 theme w/v 488:490 arg1 NaCl 493:496 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl 481:496 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %) 481:517 Strain 5GHs33-3T grew at 4-37 °C (optimally at 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and with 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %). 27902298 1 23 theme Actinotalea 100:110 arg1 suaedae 112:118 Actinotalea suaedae 100:118 Actinotalea suaedae 100:118 nov., isolated from greenhouse soil, and reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 6 24 with CF5-4T 684:689 arg1 60002T 645:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 621:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %) 621:659 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 24 with CF5-4T 684:689 arg1 % 658:658 98.4 % 653:658 98.4 % 653:658 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 25 theme sequence 538:545 arg1 analysis 547:554 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 520:554 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 520:554 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 1 26 theme suaedae 140:146 arg1 comb 148:151 Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 123:151 Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 123:151 nov., isolated from greenhouse soil, and reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 15 27 theme species 1668:1674 arg1 5GHs33-3T 1679:1687 5GHs33-3T 1679:1687 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T) 1679:1715 The type strain of the type species is 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T). 27902298 15 27 theme species 1668:1674 arg1 strain 1649:1654 The type strain 1640:1654 The type strain of the type species 1640:1674 The type strain of the type species is 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T). 27902298 13 28 theme Cellulomonadaceae 1545:1561 arg1 genus 1525:1529 a new genus 1519:1529 a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae 1519:1561 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 6 29 theme rRNA 528:531 arg1 analysis 547:554 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 520:554 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 520:554 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 13 30 dep sp 1618:1619 arg1 nov. 1612:1615 the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 1574:1615 the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 1574:1615 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 8 31 dep anteiso-C15  1037:1048 arg1  0 1066:1067  0 1066:1067 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 1037:1067 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27902298 8 31 dep anteiso-C15  1037:1048 arg1 iso-C14  1057:1064 iso-C14  1057:1064 iso-C14  1057:1064 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27902298 8 31 dep anteiso-C15  1037:1048 arg1  0 1050:1051  0 1050:1051  0 1050:1051 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27902298 3 32 theme bacterial 161:169 arg1 strain 171:176 A bacterial strain 159:176 A bacterial strain 159:176 A bacterial strain, designated 5GHs33-3T, was isolated from greenhouse soil collected from Yongin region, Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 27902298 13 33 theme genus 1525:1529 arg1 species 1508:1514 a novel species 1500:1514 a novel species 1500:1514 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 11 34 theme interpeptide 1299:1310 arg1 bridge 1312:1317 an interpeptide bridge 1296:1317 an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Glu 1296:1334 The peptidoglycan type was A4β, with ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Glu. 27902298 1 35 theme greenhouse 59:68 arg1 soil 70:73 greenhouse soil 59:73 greenhouse soil 59:73 nov., isolated from greenhouse soil, and reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 6 36 theme sequence 596:603 arg1 similarity 605:614 high sequence similarity 591:614 high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %) 591:659 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 0 37 theme Pseudactinotalea 0:15 arg1 nov. 29:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 0:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 0:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 6 38 with similarity 605:614 arg1 60002T 645:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 621:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %) 621:659 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 38 with similarity 605:614 arg1 % 658:658 98.4 % 653:658 98.4 % 653:658 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 10 39 theme unknown 1168:1174 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1176:1192 an unknown phosphoglycolipid 1165:1192 an unknown phosphoglycolipid 1165:1192 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and unknown lipids. 27902298 0 40 theme gen. 24:27 arg1 nov. 29:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 0:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 0:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 12 41 theme 69.0 mol 1360:1367 arg1 content 1349:1355 The DNA G+C content 1337:1355 The DNA G+C content 1337:1355 The DNA G+C content is 69.0 mol%. 27902298 12 41 theme 69.0 mol 1360:1367 arg1 % 1368:1368 69.0 mol% 1360:1368 69.0 mol% 1360:1368 The DNA G+C content is 69.0 mol%. 27902298 6 42 with 3133T 731:735 arg1 60002T 645:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 621:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %) 621:659 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 42 with 3133T 731:735 arg1 % 658:658 98.4 % 653:658 98.4 % 653:658 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 43 theme strain 570:575 arg1 5GHs33-3T 577:585 strain 5GHs33-3T 570:585 strain 5GHs33-3T 570:585 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 4 44 theme aerobic 315:321 arg1 strain 301:306 The strain 297:306 The strain 297:306 The strain was an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium. 27902298 4 44 theme aerobic 315:321 arg1 bacterium 369:377 an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium 312:377 an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium 312:377 The strain was an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium. 27902298 12 45 theme DNA 1341:1343 arg1 content 1349:1355 The DNA G+C content 1337:1355 The DNA G+C content 1337:1355 The DNA G+C content is 69.0 mol%. 27902298 12 45 theme DNA 1341:1343 arg1 % 1368:1368 69.0 mol% 1360:1368 69.0 mol% 1360:1368 The DNA G+C content is 69.0 mol%. 27902298 16 46 theme Actinotalea 1758:1768 arg1 suaedae 1770:1776 Actinotalea suaedae 1758:1776 Actinotalea suaedae 1758:1776 We also propose the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 11 47 with A4β 1241:1243 arg1 ornithine 1251:1259 ornithine 1251:1259 ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Glu 1251:1334 The peptidoglycan type was A4β, with ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Glu. 27902298 8 48 theme predominant 988:998 arg1 anteiso-C15  1037:1048 anteiso-C15  1037:1048 anteiso-C15  1037:1048 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27902298 8 48 theme predominant 988:998 arg1 acids 1006:1010 The predominant fatty acids 984:1010 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T 984:1030 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27902298 6 49 theme fermentans 716:725 arg1 3133T 731:735 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T 704:735 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 704:744 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 49 theme fermentans 716:725 arg1 % 743:743 96.2 % 738:743 96.2 % 738:743 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 16 50 theme suaedae 1798:1804 arg1 reclassification 1738:1753 the reclassification 1734:1753 the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae 1734:1776 We also propose the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 16 50 theme suaedae 1798:1804 arg1 comb 1806:1809 Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 1781:1809 Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 1781:1809 We also propose the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 6 51 theme suaedae 633:639 arg1 60002T 645:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 621:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %) 621:659 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 51 theme suaedae 633:639 arg1 % 658:658 98.4 % 653:658 98.4 % 653:658 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 8 52 theme strain 1015:1020 arg1 5GHs33-3T 1022:1030 strain 5GHs33-3T 1015:1030 strain 5GHs33-3T 1015:1030 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27902298 3 53 theme greenhouse 219:228 arg1 soil 230:233 greenhouse soil 219:233 greenhouse soil collected from Yongin region, Gyeonggi province, South Korea 219:294 A bacterial strain, designated 5GHs33-3T, was isolated from greenhouse soil collected from Yongin region, Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 27902298 3 54 attach isolated 205:212 arg1 soil 230:233 greenhouse soil 219:233 greenhouse soil collected from Yongin region, Gyeonggi province, South Korea 219:294 A bacterial strain, designated 5GHs33-3T, was isolated from greenhouse soil collected from Yongin region, Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 27902298 3 54 attach isolated 205:212 arg2 strain 171:176 A bacterial strain 159:176 A bacterial strain 159:176 A bacterial strain, designated 5GHs33-3T, was isolated from greenhouse soil collected from Yongin region, Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 27902298 11 55 theme diagnostic 1268:1277 arg1 acid 1287:1290 the diagnostic diamino acid 1264:1290 the diagnostic diamino acid 1264:1290 The peptidoglycan type was A4β, with ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Glu. 27902298 16 56 theme suaedae 1770:1776 arg1 reclassification 1738:1753 the reclassification 1734:1753 the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae 1734:1776 We also propose the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 16 56 theme suaedae 1770:1776 arg1 comb 1806:1809 Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 1781:1809 Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 1781:1809 We also propose the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 13 57 theme chemotaxonomic 1447:1460 arg1 analyses 1462:1469 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1421:1469 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1421:1469 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 17 58 theme strain 1823:1828 arg1 29256T 1869:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 nov. (type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T). 27902298 6 59 with species 810:816 arg1 names 841:845 validly published names 823:845 validly published names 823:845 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 7 60 theme EGI 972:974 arg1 60002T 976:981 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 952:981 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 952:981 The phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T formed a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T. 27902298 10 61 theme Polar 1101:1105 arg1 lipids 1107:1112 Polar lipids 1101:1112 Polar lipids 1101:1112 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and unknown lipids. 27902298 17 62 theme 60002T=JCM 1834:1843 arg1 29256T 1869:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 nov. (type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T). 27902298 13 63 theme gen. 1607:1610 arg1 nov. 1612:1615 the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 1574:1615 the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 1574:1615 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 7 64 theme Actinotalea 952:962 arg1 60002T 976:981 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 952:981 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 952:981 The phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T formed a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T. 27902298 13 65 theme phenotypic 1421:1430 arg1 analyses 1462:1469 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1421:1469 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1421:1469 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 6 66 theme published 831:839 arg1 names 841:845 validly published names 823:845 validly published names 823:845 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 9 67 theme only 1074:1077 arg1 MK-8 1091:1094 MK-8 1091:1094 MK-8(H4) 1091:1098 The only quinone was MK-8(H4). 27902298 9 67 theme only 1074:1077 arg1 quinone 1079:1085 The only quinone 1070:1085 The only quinone 1070:1085 The only quinone was MK-8(H4). 27902298 6 68 theme Actinotalea 662:672 arg1 CF5-4T 684:689 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T 662:689 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) 662:698 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 68 theme Actinotalea 662:672 arg1 % 697:697 96.4 % 692:697 96.4 % 692:697 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 13 69 theme genotypic 1433:1441 arg1 analyses 1462:1469 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1421:1469 phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1421:1469 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 5 70 with NaCl 493:496 arg1 % 516:516 0 % 514:516 0 % 514:516 Strain 5GHs33-3T grew at 4-37 °C (optimally at 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and with 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %). 27902298 7 71 theme independent 917:927 arg1 line 942:945 a robust independent monophyletic line 908:945 a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 908:981 The phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T formed a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T. 27902298 6 72 theme other 804:808 arg1 species 810:816 all the other species 796:816 all the other species with validly published names 796:845 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 5 73 dep pH 464:465 arg1 optimally 451:459 optimally 451:459 optimally 451:459 Strain 5GHs33-3T grew at 4-37 °C (optimally at 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and with 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %). 27902298 13 74 theme Pseudactinotalea 1583:1598 arg1 nov. 1612:1615 the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 1574:1615 the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 1574:1615 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 15 75 theme 16542T=NBRC 1696:1706 arg1 5GHs33-3T 1679:1687 5GHs33-3T 1679:1687 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T) 1679:1715 The type strain of the type species is 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T). 27902298 15 75 theme 16542T=NBRC 1696:1706 arg1 111006T 1708:1714 =KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T 1690:1714 =KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T 1690:1714 The type strain of the type species is 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T). 27902298 7 76 theme strain 884:889 arg1 5GHs33-3T 891:899 strain 5GHs33-3T 884:899 strain 5GHs33-3T 884:899 The phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T formed a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T. 27902298 17 77 theme 17839T=KCTC 1857:1867 arg1 29256T 1869:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 nov. (type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T). 27902298 16 78 theme Pseudactinotalea 1781:1796 arg1 reclassification 1738:1753 the reclassification 1734:1753 the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae 1734:1776 We also propose the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 16 78 theme Pseudactinotalea 1781:1796 arg1 comb 1806:1809 Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 1781:1809 Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 1781:1809 We also propose the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 1 79 theme suaedae 112:118 arg1 reclassification 80:95 reclassification 80:95 reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 80:151 nov., isolated from greenhouse soil, and reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 1 79 theme suaedae 112:118 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., isolated from greenhouse soil, and reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 13 80 theme phylogenetic 1380:1391 arg1 evidence 1393:1400 phylogenetic evidence 1380:1400 phylogenetic evidence 1380:1400 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 7 81 theme phylogenetic 852:863 arg1 tree 865:868 The phylogenetic tree 848:868 The phylogenetic tree 848:868 The phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T formed a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T. 27902298 1 82 theme Pseudactinotalea 123:138 arg1 comb 148:151 Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 123:151 Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb 123:151 nov., isolated from greenhouse soil, and reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. 27902298 6 83 theme gene 533:536 arg1 analysis 547:554 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 520:554 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 520:554 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 84 theme 16S 524:526 arg1 rRNA 528:531 The 16S rRNA 520:531 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 520:554 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 85 theme Actinotalea 621:631 arg1 60002T 645:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 621:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %) 621:659 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 85 theme Actinotalea 621:631 arg1 % 658:658 98.4 % 653:658 98.4 % 653:658 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 15 86 theme type 1644:1647 arg1 5GHs33-3T 1679:1687 5GHs33-3T 1679:1687 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T) 1679:1715 The type strain of the type species is 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T). 27902298 15 86 theme type 1644:1647 arg1 strain 1649:1654 The type strain 1640:1654 The type strain of the type species 1640:1674 The type strain of the type species is 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T). 27902298 5 87 dep 4-37 °C 405:411 arg1 28-30 °C 427:434 28-30 °C 427:434 28-30 °C 427:434 Strain 5GHs33-3T grew at 4-37 °C (optimally at 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and with 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %). 27902298 0 88 theme terrae 17:22 arg1 nov. 29:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 0:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 0:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 13 89 theme family 1538:1543 arg1 Cellulomonadaceae 1545:1561 the family Cellulomonadaceae 1534:1561 the family Cellulomonadaceae 1534:1561 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 6 90 theme high 591:594 arg1 similarity 605:614 high sequence similarity 591:614 high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %) 591:659 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 4 91 dep aerobic 315:321 arg1 rod-shaped 358:367 rod-shaped 358:367 rod-shaped 358:367 The strain was an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium. 27902298 4 91 dep aerobic 315:321 arg1 flagellated 345:355 flagellated 345:355 flagellated 345:355 The strain was an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium. 27902298 4 91 dep aerobic 315:321 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 324:342 Gram-stain-positive 324:342 Gram-stain-positive 324:342 The strain was an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium. 27902298 7 92 with line 942:945 arg1 60002T 976:981 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 952:981 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 952:981 The phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T formed a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T. 27902298 13 93 theme new 1521:1523 arg1 genus 1525:1529 a new genus 1519:1529 a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae 1519:1561 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 0 94 dep sp 35:36 arg1 nov. 29:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 0:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov. 0:32 Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 17 95 dep nov 1812:1814 arg1 29256T 1869:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T 1818:1874 nov. (type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T). 27902298 10 96 theme unknown 1198:1204 arg1 lipids 1206:1211 unknown lipids 1198:1211 unknown lipids 1198:1211 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and unknown lipids. 27902298 8 97 theme fatty 1000:1004 arg1 anteiso-C15  1037:1048 anteiso-C15  1037:1048 anteiso-C15  1037:1048 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27902298 8 97 theme fatty 1000:1004 arg1 acids 1006:1010 The predominant fatty acids 984:1010 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T 984:1030 The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27902298 6 98 theme DSM 727:729 arg1 3133T 731:735 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T 704:735 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 704:744 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 98 theme DSM 727:729 arg1 % 743:743 96.2 % 738:743 96.2 % 738:743 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 5 99 from pH 464:465 arg1 4-37 °C 405:411 4-37 °C 405:411 4-37 °C 405:411 Strain 5GHs33-3T grew at 4-37 °C (optimally at 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and with 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %). 27902298 5 99 from pH 464:465 arg1 pH 438:439 pH 6.0-10.0 438:448 pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) 438:470 Strain 5GHs33-3T grew at 4-37 °C (optimally at 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and with 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %). 27902298 6 100 with similarity 777:786 arg1 60002T 645:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 621:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %) 621:659 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 100 with similarity 777:786 arg1 % 658:658 98.4 % 653:658 98.4 % 653:658 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 13 101 theme novel 1502:1506 arg1 species 1508:1514 a novel species 1500:1514 a novel species 1500:1514 Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. 27902298 6 102 theme Actinotalea 704:714 arg1 3133T 731:735 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T 704:735 Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %) 704:744 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 102 theme Actinotalea 704:714 arg1 % 743:743 96.2 % 738:743 96.2 % 738:743 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 5 103 dep % 516:516 arg1 optimally 499:507 optimally 499:507 optimally 499:507 Strain 5GHs33-3T grew at 4-37 °C (optimally at 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and with 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %). 27902298 15 104 theme =KACC 1690:1694 arg1 5GHs33-3T 1679:1687 5GHs33-3T 1679:1687 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T) 1679:1715 The type strain of the type species is 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T). 27902298 15 104 theme =KACC 1690:1694 arg1 111006T 1708:1714 =KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T 1690:1714 =KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T 1690:1714 The type strain of the type species is 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T). 27902298 6 105 theme EGI 641:643 arg1 60002T 645:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T 621:650 Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %) 621:659 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 6 105 theme EGI 641:643 arg1 % 658:658 98.4 % 653:658 98.4 % 653:658 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. 27902298 12 106 theme G+C 1345:1347 arg1 content 1349:1355 The DNA G+C content 1337:1355 The DNA G+C content 1337:1355 The DNA G+C content is 69.0 mol%. 27902298 12 106 theme G+C 1345:1347 arg1 % 1368:1368 69.0 mol% 1360:1368 69.0 mol% 1360:1368 The DNA G+C content is 69.0 mol%. 25711718 5 0 theme daily 726:730 arg1 stress 737:742 once daily mild stress 721:742 once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks 721:770 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 7 1 theme first 1147:1151 arg1 cycle 1153:1157 the first cycle 1143:1157 the first cycle of stress 1143:1167 CIMS decreased body weight gain only during the first cycle of stress and did not affect body weight gain thereafter, regardless of diet. 25711718 5 2 theme intermittent 637:648 arg1 exposure 669:676 chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure 629:676 chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) 629:805 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 2 theme intermittent 637:648 arg1 cycles 681:686 3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress 679:804 cycles 681:686 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 3 theme mild 732:735 arg1 stress 737:742 once daily mild stress 721:742 once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks 721:770 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 4 theme mild 650:653 arg1 exposure 669:676 chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure 629:676 chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) 629:805 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 4 theme mild 650:653 arg1 cycles 681:686 3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress 679:804 cycles 681:686 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 8 5 theme glucose 1298:1304 arg1 tolerance 1306:1314 glucose tolerance 1298:1314 glucose tolerance 1298:1314 Moreover, CIMS did not alter total food intake, adiposity or glucose tolerance regardless of diet. 25711718 4 6 dep intense 528:534 arg1 chronic 536:542 chronic 536:542 chronic 536:542 However, the metabolic effects of a less intense chronic stress paradigm are not clear. 25711718 5 7 theme stress 655:660 arg1 exposure 669:676 chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure 629:676 chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) 629:805 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 7 theme stress 655:660 arg1 cycles 681:686 3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress 679:804 cycles 681:686 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 2 8 theme higher-intensity 276:291 arg1 stressors 293:301 higher-intensity stressors 276:301 higher-intensity stressors preferentially promoting anorexia 276:335 This divergence may depend in part on stress intensity, with higher-intensity stressors preferentially promoting anorexia. 25711718 5 9 theme chow 896:899 arg1 choice 886:891 choice 886:891 choice of chow 886:899 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 6 10 theme weight 1039:1044 arg1 gain 1046:1049 body weight gain 1034:1049 body weight gain 1034:1049 As expected, access to PD increased caloric intake, body weight gain, and adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance. 25711718 5 11 theme adult 602:606 arg1 rats 613:616 adult male rats 602:616 adult male rats 602:616 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 1 12 theme Chronic 69:75 arg1 stress 77:82 Chronic stress 69:82 Chronic stress in humans 69:92 Chronic stress in humans has divergent effects on food intake, with some individuals reporting increased vs. decreased food intake during stress. 25711718 9 13 from preference 1385:1394 arg1 rats 1406:1409 PD-fed rats 1399:1409 PD-fed rats 1399:1409 Lastly, CIMS transiently increased high-fat diet preference in PD-fed rats during the first stress cycle. 25711718 5 14 dep PD 882:883 arg1 water 940:944 water 940:944 water 940:944 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 14 dep PD 882:883 arg1 drink 929:933 30% sucrose drink 917:933 30% sucrose drink 917:933 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 14 dep PD 882:883 arg1 diet 911:914 high-fat diet 902:914 high-fat diet 902:914 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 14 dep PD 882:883 arg1 choice 886:891 choice 886:891 choice of chow 886:899 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 15 theme present 587:593 arg1 study 595:599 the present study 583:599 the present study 583:599 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 3 16 contain have 429:432 arg2 gain 481:484 body weight gain 469:484 body weight gain 469:484 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 3 16 contain have 429:432 arg1 rodents 365:371 rodents 365:371 rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm 365:427 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 3 16 contain have 429:432 arg2 intake 458:463 robustly decreased food intake 434:463 robustly decreased food intake 434:463 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 10 17 theme initial 1556:1562 arg1 exposure 1571:1578 initial stress exposure 1556:1578 initial stress exposure 1556:1578 Collectively, these results suggest that CIMS has relatively modest metabolic effects that occur primarily during initial stress exposure. 25711718 1 18 theme decreased 178:186 arg1 intake 193:198 increased vs. decreased food intake 164:198 increased vs. decreased food intake 164:198 Chronic stress in humans has divergent effects on food intake, with some individuals reporting increased vs. decreased food intake during stress. 25711718 1 19 theme increased 164:172 arg1 intake 193:198 increased vs. decreased food intake 164:198 increased vs. decreased food intake 164:198 Chronic stress in humans has divergent effects on food intake, with some individuals reporting increased vs. decreased food intake during stress. 25711718 11 20 theme stress 1678:1683 arg1 intensity 1685:1693 stress intensity 1678:1693 stress intensity 1678:1693 These results support the hypothesis that the metabolic consequences of chronic stress vary with stress intensity and/or frequency. 25711718 4 21 theme metabolic 500:508 arg1 clear 568:572 clear 568:572 clear 568:572 However, the metabolic effects of a less intense chronic stress paradigm are not clear. 25711718 4 21 theme metabolic 500:508 arg1 effects 510:516 the metabolic effects 496:516 the metabolic effects of a less intense chronic stress paradigm 496:558 However, the metabolic effects of a less intense chronic stress paradigm are not clear. 25711718 6 22 theme glucose 1080:1086 arg1 tolerance 1088:1096 glucose tolerance 1080:1096 glucose tolerance 1080:1096 As expected, access to PD increased caloric intake, body weight gain, and adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance. 25711718 9 23 theme first 1422:1426 arg1 cycle 1435:1439 the first stress cycle 1418:1439 the first stress cycle 1418:1439 Lastly, CIMS transiently increased high-fat diet preference in PD-fed rats during the first stress cycle. 25711718 3 24 theme variable 404:411 arg1 paradigm 420:427 a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm 379:427 a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm 379:427 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 4 25 theme paradigm 551:558 arg1 clear 568:572 clear 568:572 clear 568:572 However, the metabolic effects of a less intense chronic stress paradigm are not clear. 25711718 4 25 theme paradigm 551:558 arg1 effects 510:516 the metabolic effects 496:516 the metabolic effects of a less intense chronic stress paradigm 496:558 However, the metabolic effects of a less intense chronic stress paradigm are not clear. 25711718 3 26 theme chronic 396:402 arg1 paradigm 420:427 a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm 379:427 a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm 379:427 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 5 27 dep diet 959:962 arg1 chow 965:968 chow 965:968 chow 965:968 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 27 dep diet 959:962 arg1 water 974:978 water 974:978 water 974:978 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 3 28 theme decreased 443:451 arg1 intake 458:463 robustly decreased food intake 434:463 robustly decreased food intake 434:463 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 0 29 theme Metabolic 0:8 arg1 consequences 10:21 Metabolic consequences 0:21 Metabolic consequences of chronic intermittent mild stress exposure 0:66 Metabolic consequences of chronic intermittent mild stress exposure. 25711718 5 30 theme chronic 629:635 arg1 exposure 669:676 chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure 629:676 chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) 629:805 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 30 theme chronic 629:635 arg1 cycles 681:686 3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress 679:804 cycles 681:686 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 8 31 theme food 1272:1275 arg1 intake 1277:1282 total food intake 1266:1282 total food intake 1266:1282 Moreover, CIMS did not alter total food intake, adiposity or glucose tolerance regardless of diet. 25711718 3 32 theme food 453:456 arg1 intake 458:463 robustly decreased food intake 434:463 robustly decreased food intake 434:463 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 0 33 theme chronic 26:32 arg1 exposure 59:66 chronic intermittent mild stress exposure 26:66 chronic intermittent mild stress exposure 26:66 Metabolic consequences of chronic intermittent mild stress exposure. 25711718 7 34 theme stress 1162:1167 arg1 cycle 1153:1157 the first cycle 1143:1157 the first cycle of stress 1143:1167 CIMS decreased body weight gain only during the first cycle of stress and did not affect body weight gain thereafter, regardless of diet. 25711718 10 35 contain has 1488:1490 arg2 effects 1520:1526 relatively modest metabolic effects 1492:1526 relatively modest metabolic effects that occur primarily during initial stress exposure 1492:1578 Collectively, these results suggest that CIMS has relatively modest metabolic effects that occur primarily during initial stress exposure. 25711718 10 35 contain has 1488:1490 arg1 CIMS 1483:1486 CIMS 1483:1486 CIMS 1483:1486 Collectively, these results suggest that CIMS has relatively modest metabolic effects that occur primarily during initial stress exposure. 25711718 5 36 theme male 608:611 arg1 rats 613:616 adult male rats 602:616 adult male rats 602:616 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 1 37 theme divergent 98:106 arg1 effects 108:114 divergent effects 98:114 divergent effects 98:114 Chronic stress in humans has divergent effects on food intake, with some individuals reporting increased vs. decreased food intake during stress. 25711718 11 38 theme chronic 1653:1659 arg1 stress 1661:1666 chronic stress 1653:1666 chronic stress 1653:1666 These results support the hypothesis that the metabolic consequences of chronic stress vary with stress intensity and/or frequency. 25711718 3 39 theme high-intensity 381:394 arg1 paradigm 420:427 a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm 379:427 a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm 379:427 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 9 40 theme high-fat 1371:1378 arg1 diet 1380:1383 high-fat diet 1371:1383 high-fat diet preference in PD-fed rats 1371:1409 Lastly, CIMS transiently increased high-fat diet preference in PD-fed rats during the first stress cycle. 25711718 10 41 theme stress 1564:1569 arg1 exposure 1571:1578 initial stress exposure 1556:1578 initial stress exposure 1556:1578 Collectively, these results suggest that CIMS has relatively modest metabolic effects that occur primarily during initial stress exposure. 25711718 0 42 theme mild 47:50 arg1 exposure 59:66 chronic intermittent mild stress exposure 26:66 chronic intermittent mild stress exposure 26:66 Metabolic consequences of chronic intermittent mild stress exposure. 25711718 7 43 theme body 1114:1117 arg1 gain 1126:1129 body weight gain 1114:1129 body weight gain 1114:1129 CIMS decreased body weight gain only during the first cycle of stress and did not affect body weight gain thereafter, regardless of diet. 25711718 9 44 theme diet 1380:1383 arg1 preference 1385:1394 high-fat diet preference 1371:1394 high-fat diet preference in PD-fed rats 1371:1409 Lastly, CIMS transiently increased high-fat diet preference in PD-fed rats during the first stress cycle. 25711718 7 45 theme weight 1119:1124 arg1 gain 1126:1129 body weight gain 1114:1129 body weight gain 1114:1129 CIMS decreased body weight gain only during the first cycle of stress and did not affect body weight gain thereafter, regardless of diet. 25711718 7 46 theme weight 1193:1198 arg1 gain 1200:1203 body weight gain 1188:1203 body weight gain 1188:1203 CIMS decreased body weight gain only during the first cycle of stress and did not affect body weight gain thereafter, regardless of diet. 25711718 1 47 theme food 188:191 arg1 intake 193:198 increased vs. decreased food intake 164:198 increased vs. decreased food intake 164:198 Chronic stress in humans has divergent effects on food intake, with some individuals reporting increased vs. decreased food intake during stress. 25711718 3 48 theme body 469:472 arg1 gain 481:484 body weight gain 469:484 body weight gain 469:484 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 0 49 theme intermittent 34:45 arg1 exposure 59:66 chronic intermittent mild stress exposure 26:66 chronic intermittent mild stress exposure 26:66 Metabolic consequences of chronic intermittent mild stress exposure. 25711718 5 50 theme stress 799:804 arg1 weeks 787:791 2 weeks 785:791 2 weeks of no stress 785:804 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 6 51 theme caloric 1018:1024 arg1 intake 1026:1031 caloric intake 1018:1031 caloric intake 1018:1031 As expected, access to PD increased caloric intake, body weight gain, and adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance. 25711718 9 52 theme PD-fed 1399:1404 arg1 rats 1406:1409 PD-fed rats 1399:1409 PD-fed rats 1399:1409 Lastly, CIMS transiently increased high-fat diet preference in PD-fed rats during the first stress cycle. 25711718 7 53 theme body 1188:1191 arg1 gain 1200:1203 body weight gain 1188:1203 body weight gain 1188:1203 CIMS decreased body weight gain only during the first cycle of stress and did not affect body weight gain thereafter, regardless of diet. 25711718 3 54 theme weight 474:479 arg1 gain 481:484 body weight gain 469:484 body weight gain 469:484 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 0 55 theme exposure 59:66 arg1 consequences 10:21 Metabolic consequences 0:21 Metabolic consequences of chronic intermittent mild stress exposure 0:66 Metabolic consequences of chronic intermittent mild stress exposure. 25711718 4 56 theme intense 528:534 arg1 paradigm 551:558 a less intense chronic stress paradigm 521:558 a less intense chronic stress paradigm 521:558 However, the metabolic effects of a less intense chronic stress paradigm are not clear. 25711718 5 57 theme CIMS 663:666 arg1 exposure 669:676 chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure 629:676 chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) 629:805 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 57 theme CIMS 663:666 arg1 cycles 681:686 3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress 679:804 cycles 681:686 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 58 theme control 951:957 arg1 diet 959:962 control diet 951:962 control diet (chow and water) 951:979 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 59 theme 30 917:918 arg1 % 919:919 % 919:919 % 919:919 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 9 60 theme stress 1428:1433 arg1 cycle 1435:1439 the first stress cycle 1418:1439 the first stress cycle 1418:1439 Lastly, CIMS transiently increased high-fat diet preference in PD-fed rats during the first stress cycle. 25711718 0 61 theme stress 52:57 arg1 exposure 59:66 chronic intermittent mild stress exposure 26:66 chronic intermittent mild stress exposure 26:66 Metabolic consequences of chronic intermittent mild stress exposure. 25711718 1 62 contain has 94:96 arg1 stress 77:82 Chronic stress 69:82 Chronic stress in humans 69:92 Chronic stress in humans has divergent effects on food intake, with some individuals reporting increased vs. decreased food intake during stress. 25711718 1 62 contain has 94:96 arg2 effects 108:114 divergent effects 98:114 divergent effects 98:114 Chronic stress in humans has divergent effects on food intake, with some individuals reporting increased vs. decreased food intake during stress. 25711718 5 63 dep consists 709:716 arg1 followed 773:780 followed 773:780 followed by 2 weeks of no stress 773:804 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 64 theme sucrose 921:927 arg1 drink 929:933 30% sucrose drink 917:933 30% sucrose drink 917:933 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 65 theme % 919:919 arg1 drink 929:933 30% sucrose drink 917:933 30% sucrose drink 917:933 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 1 66 theme food 119:122 arg1 intake 124:129 food intake 119:129 food intake 119:129 Chronic stress in humans has divergent effects on food intake, with some individuals reporting increased vs. decreased food intake during stress. 25711718 4 67 theme stress 544:549 arg1 paradigm 551:558 a less intense chronic stress paradigm 521:558 a less intense chronic stress paradigm 521:558 However, the metabolic effects of a less intense chronic stress paradigm are not clear. 25711718 8 68 theme total 1266:1270 arg1 intake 1277:1282 total food intake 1266:1282 total food intake 1266:1282 Moreover, CIMS did not alter total food intake, adiposity or glucose tolerance regardless of diet. 25711718 2 69 theme stress 253:258 arg1 intensity 260:268 stress intensity 253:268 stress intensity 253:268 This divergence may depend in part on stress intensity, with higher-intensity stressors preferentially promoting anorexia. 25711718 5 70 theme ongoing 846:852 arg1 access 854:859 ongoing access 846:859 ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water) 846:979 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 71 theme palatable 866:874 arg1 diet 876:879 a palatable diet 864:879 a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) 864:945 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 72 from exposure 669:676 arg1 study 595:599 the present study 583:599 the present study 583:599 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 3 73 with Consistent 338:347 arg1 idea 359:362 this idea 354:362 this idea 354:362 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 5 74 dep diet 876:879 arg1 PD 882:883 PD 882:883 PD 882:883 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 11 75 theme metabolic 1627:1635 arg1 consequences 1637:1648 the metabolic consequences 1623:1648 the metabolic consequences of chronic stress 1623:1666 These results support the hypothesis that the metabolic consequences of chronic stress vary with stress intensity and/or frequency. 25711718 11 76 theme stress 1661:1666 arg1 consequences 1637:1648 the metabolic consequences 1623:1648 the metabolic consequences of chronic stress 1623:1666 These results support the hypothesis that the metabolic consequences of chronic stress vary with stress intensity and/or frequency. 25711718 10 77 theme modest 1503:1508 arg1 effects 1520:1526 relatively modest metabolic effects 1492:1526 relatively modest metabolic effects that occur primarily during initial stress exposure 1492:1578 Collectively, these results suggest that CIMS has relatively modest metabolic effects that occur primarily during initial stress exposure. 25711718 6 78 theme body 1034:1037 arg1 gain 1046:1049 body weight gain 1034:1049 body weight gain 1034:1049 As expected, access to PD increased caloric intake, body weight gain, and adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance. 25711718 5 79 theme no 796:797 arg1 stress 799:804 no stress 796:804 no stress 796:804 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 3 80 theme stress 413:418 arg1 paradigm 420:427 a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm 379:427 a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm 379:427 Consistent with this idea, rodents given a high-intensity chronic variable stress paradigm have robustly decreased food intake and body weight gain. 25711718 5 81 theme high-fat 902:909 arg1 diet 911:914 high-fat diet 902:914 high-fat diet 902:914 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 5 82 theme non-stress 811:820 arg1 controls 822:829 non-stress controls 811:829 non-stress controls 811:829 Thus in the present study, adult male rats were given chronic intermittent mild stress (CIMS) exposure (3 cycles, in which each cycle consists of once daily mild stress for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no stress) vs. non-stress controls, combined with ongoing access to a palatable diet (PD; choice of chow, high-fat diet, 30% sucrose drink, and water) vs. control diet (chow and water). 25711718 1 83 from stress 77:82 arg1 humans 87:92 humans 87:92 humans 87:92 Chronic stress in humans has divergent effects on food intake, with some individuals reporting increased vs. decreased food intake during stress. 25711718 10 84 theme metabolic 1510:1518 arg1 effects 1520:1526 relatively modest metabolic effects 1492:1526 relatively modest metabolic effects that occur primarily during initial stress exposure 1492:1578 Collectively, these results suggest that CIMS has relatively modest metabolic effects that occur primarily during initial stress exposure. 25563924 7 0 theme smaller 968:974 arg1 amount 976:981 a smaller amount 966:981 a smaller amount of mannose 966:992 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 7 0 theme smaller 968:974 arg1 mannose 986:992 mannose 986:992 mannose 986:992 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 12 1 theme strain 1440:1445 arg1 T 1456:1456 T 1456:1456 T 1456:1456 A comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated that strain MUSC 117(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25563924 12 1 theme strain 1440:1445 arg1 117 1452:1454 strain MUSC 117 1440:1454 strain MUSC 117(T) 1440:1457 A comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated that strain MUSC 117(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25563924 16 2 theme 29362 1736:1740 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 2 theme 29362 1736:1740 arg1 110653 1770:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653 1729:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T) 1729:1778 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 7 3 theme whole-cell 893:902 arg1 sugars 904:909 The whole-cell sugars 889:909 The whole-cell sugars detected 889:918 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 7 3 theme whole-cell 893:902 arg1 rhamnose 925:932 rhamnose 925:932 rhamnose 925:932 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 13 4 theme novel 1576:1580 arg1 species 1582:1588 a novel species 1574:1588 a novel species 1574:1588 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 2 5 theme mangrove 128:135 arg1 soil 137:140 mangrove soil 128:140 mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia 128:189 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 13 6 theme polyphasic 1512:1521 arg1 approach 1523:1530 a polyphasic approach 1510:1530 a polyphasic approach 1510:1530 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 2 7 theme MUSC 98:101 arg1 T 107:107 T 107:107 T 107:107 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 2 7 theme MUSC 98:101 arg1 117 103:105 Strain MUSC 117 91:105 Strain MUSC 117(T) 91:108 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 12 8 theme unique 1473:1478 arg1 profile 1484:1490 a unique DNA profile 1471:1490 a unique DNA profile 1471:1490 A comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated that strain MUSC 117(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25563924 4 9 theme genus 576:580 arg1 Sinomonas 582:590 the genus Sinomonas 572:590 the genus Sinomonas 572:590 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 13 10 theme Sinomonas 1603:1611 arg1 species 1582:1588 a novel species 1574:1588 a novel species 1574:1588 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 11 11 theme mol 1382:1384 arg1 content 1365:1371 The DNA G+C content 1353:1371 The DNA G+C content 1353:1371 The DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. 25563924 11 11 theme mol 1382:1384 arg1 % 1385:1385 67.3 mol% 1377:1385 67.3 mol% 1377:1385 The DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. 25563924 4 12 theme other 555:559 arg1 species 561:567 other species 555:567 other species of the genus Sinomonas 555:590 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 13 13 theme name 1628:1631 arg1 sp 1648:1649 the name Sinomonas humi sp 1624:1649 the name Sinomonas humi sp 1624:1649 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 12 14 theme fingerprints 1412:1423 arg1 comparison 1390:1399 A comparison 1388:1399 A comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints 1388:1423 A comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated that strain MUSC 117(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25563924 16 15 theme  = DSM 1729:1734 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 15 theme  = DSM 1729:1734 arg1 110653 1770:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653 1729:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T) 1729:1778 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 16 theme T 1760:1760 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 16 theme T 1760:1760 arg1 110653 1770:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653 1729:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T) 1729:1778 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 17 theme T 1742:1742 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 17 theme T 1742:1742 arg1 110653 1770:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653 1729:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T) 1729:1778 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 13 18 theme Sinomonas 1633:1641 arg1 sp 1648:1649 the name Sinomonas humi sp 1624:1649 the name Sinomonas humi sp 1624:1649 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 12 19 theme BOX-PCR 1404:1410 arg1 fingerprints 1412:1423 BOX-PCR fingerprints 1404:1423 BOX-PCR fingerprints 1404:1423 A comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated that strain MUSC 117(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25563924 4 20 dep lower 516:520 arg1 % 529:529 <97.6 % 523:529 <97.6 % 523:529 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 2 21 from Pahang 174:179 arg1 soil 137:140 mangrove soil 128:140 mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia 128:189 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 16 22 theme  = MCCC 1744:1750 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 22 theme  = MCCC 1744:1750 arg1 110653 1770:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653 1729:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T) 1729:1778 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 6 23 dep acids 817:821 arg1 lysine 823:828 lysine 823:828 the amino acids lysine 807:828 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 10 24 theme respiratory 1299:1309 arg1 quinones 1311:1318 The predominant respiratory quinones 1283:1318 The predominant respiratory quinones detected 1283:1327 The predominant respiratory quinones detected were MK-9(H2) and MK-9. 25563924 10 24 theme respiratory 1299:1309 arg1 MK-9 1334:1337 MK-9 1334:1337 MK-9 1334:1337 The predominant respiratory quinones detected were MK-9(H2) and MK-9. 25563924 1 25 theme mangrove 69:76 arg1 soil 85:88 mangrove forest soil 69:88 mangrove forest soil 69:88 nov., an amylolytic actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25563924 16 26 theme  = NBRC 1762:1768 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 26 theme  = NBRC 1762:1768 arg1 110653 1770:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653 1729:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T) 1729:1778 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 27 theme 1K00410 1752:1758 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 27 theme 1K00410 1752:1758 arg1 110653 1770:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653 1729:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T) 1729:1778 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 0 28 theme humi 10:13 arg1 sp 15:16 Sinomonas humi sp 0:16 Sinomonas humi sp. 0:17 Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 4 29 theme sequence 326:333 arg1 basis 303:307 the basis 299:307 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence 299:333 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 1 30 theme forest 78:83 arg1 soil 85:88 mangrove forest soil 69:88 mangrove forest soil 69:88 nov., an amylolytic actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25563924 15 31 theme sp 1704:1705 arg1 strain 1679:1684 The type strain 1670:1684 The type strain of Sinomonas humi sp 1670:1705 The type strain of Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 0 32 theme Sinomonas 0:8 arg1 sp 15:16 Sinomonas humi sp 0:16 Sinomonas humi sp. 0:17 Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 6 33 theme peptidoglycan 768:780 arg1 A3α 791:793 A3α 791:793 A3α 791:793 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 33 theme peptidoglycan 768:780 arg1 type 782:785 the peptidoglycan type 764:785 the peptidoglycan type 764:785 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1 % 1279:1279 11.4 % 1274:1279 11.4 % 1274:1279 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1  0 1245:1246  0 1245:1246  0 1245:1246 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1 % 1207:1207 39.4 % 1202:1207 39.4 % 1202:1207 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1  0 1270:1271  0 1270:1271  0 1270:1271 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1 % 1228:1228 17.7 % 1223:1228 17.7 % 1223:1228 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1  0 1198:1199  0 1198:1199  0 1198:1199 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1 % 1254:1254 17.2 % 1249:1254 17.2 % 1249:1254 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1 C18  1211:1214 C18  1211:1214 C18  1211:1214 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1 acids 1143:1147 The major fatty acids 1127:1147 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane 1127:1178 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 34 dep anteiso-C15  1185:1196 arg1  1ω7c 1216:1220  1ω7c 1216:1220  1ω7c 1216:1220 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 4 35 theme MUSC 343:346 arg1 T 352:352 T 352:352 T 352:352 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 4 35 theme MUSC 343:346 arg1 117 348:350 strain MUSC 117 336:350 strain MUSC 117(T) 336:353 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 5 36 theme related 727:733 arg1 species 735:741 closely related species 719:741 closely related species 719:741 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species. 25563924 8 37 theme polar 999:1003 arg1 lipids 1005:1010 The polar lipids 995:1010 The polar lipids 995:1010 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and five unidentified glycolipids. 25563924 16 38 dep MUSC 1716:1719 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 16 38 dep MUSC 1716:1719 arg1 110653 1770:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653 1729:1775  = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T) 1729:1778 nov. is MUSC 117(T) ( = DSM 29362(T) = MCCC 1K00410(T) = NBRC 110653(T)). 25563924 5 39 theme low 638:640 arg1 level 642:646 a low level 636:646 a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species 636:741 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species. 25563924 4 40 theme strain 336:341 arg1 T 352:352 T 352:352 T 352:352 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 4 40 theme strain 336:341 arg1 117 348:350 strain MUSC 117 336:350 strain MUSC 117(T) 336:353 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 15 41 theme humi 1699:1702 arg1 sp 1704:1705 Sinomonas humi sp 1689:1705 Sinomonas humi sp 1689:1705 The type strain of Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 5 42 theme DNA-DNA 651:657 arg1 % 685:685 less than 27 % 672:685 less than 27 % 672:685 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species. 25563924 5 42 theme DNA-DNA 651:657 arg1 relatedness 659:669 DNA-DNA relatedness 651:669 DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species 651:741 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species. 25563924 9 43 theme fatty 1137:1141 arg1  0 1245:1246  0 1245:1246  0 1245:1246 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 43 theme fatty 1137:1141 arg1 % 1156:1156 >10.0 % 1150:1156 >10.0 % 1150:1156 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 43 theme fatty 1137:1141 arg1  0 1270:1271  0 1270:1271  0 1270:1271 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 43 theme fatty 1137:1141 arg1 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 43 theme fatty 1137:1141 arg1  0 1198:1199  0 1198:1199  0 1198:1199 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 43 theme fatty 1137:1141 arg1 C18  1211:1214 C18  1211:1214 C18  1211:1214 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 43 theme fatty 1137:1141 arg1 acids 1143:1147 The major fatty acids 1127:1147 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane 1127:1178 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 43 theme fatty 1137:1141 arg1  1ω7c 1216:1220  1ω7c 1216:1220  1ω7c 1216:1220 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 4 44 theme Sinomonas 396:404 arg1 T 427:427 T 427:427 T 427:427 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 4 44 theme Sinomonas 396:404 arg1 % 436:436 98.0 % 431:436 98.0 % 431:436 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 4 44 theme Sinomonas 396:404 arg1 DSM 417:419 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127 396:425 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %) 396:437 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 6 45 theme glutamic 857:864 arg1 acid 866:869 glutamic acid 857:869 glutamic acid 857:869 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 45 theme glutamic 857:864 arg1 acids 817:821 the amino acids lysine 807:828 the amino acids lysine 807:828 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 5 46 theme relatedness 659:669 arg1 level 642:646 a low level 636:646 a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species 636:741 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species. 25563924 5 47 theme DNA-DNA 593:599 arg1 hybridization 601:613 DNA-DNA hybridization 593:613 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 593:625 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species. 25563924 11 48 theme DNA 1357:1359 arg1 content 1365:1371 The DNA G+C content 1353:1371 The DNA G+C content 1353:1371 The DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. 25563924 11 48 theme DNA 1357:1359 arg1 % 1385:1385 67.3 mol% 1377:1385 67.3 mol% 1377:1385 The DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. 25563924 8 49 theme unidentified 1101:1112 arg1 glycolipids 1114:1124 five unidentified glycolipids 1096:1124 five unidentified glycolipids 1096:1124 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and five unidentified glycolipids. 25563924 5 50 theme hybridization 601:613 arg1 experiments 615:625 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 593:625 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 593:625 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species. 25563924 2 51 theme Strain 91:96 arg1 T 107:107 T 107:107 T 107:107 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 2 51 theme Strain 91:96 arg1 117 103:105 Strain MUSC 117 91:105 Strain MUSC 117(T) 91:108 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 10 52 theme predominant 1287:1297 arg1 quinones 1311:1318 The predominant respiratory quinones 1283:1318 The predominant respiratory quinones detected 1283:1327 The predominant respiratory quinones detected were MK-9(H2) and MK-9. 25563924 10 52 theme predominant 1287:1297 arg1 MK-9 1334:1337 MK-9 1334:1337 MK-9 1334:1337 The predominant respiratory quinones detected were MK-9(H2) and MK-9. 25563924 9 53 theme major 1131:1135 arg1  0 1245:1246  0 1245:1246  0 1245:1246 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 53 theme major 1131:1135 arg1 % 1156:1156 >10.0 % 1150:1156 >10.0 % 1150:1156 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 53 theme major 1131:1135 arg1  0 1270:1271  0 1270:1271  0 1270:1271 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 53 theme major 1131:1135 arg1 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 53 theme major 1131:1135 arg1  0 1198:1199  0 1198:1199  0 1198:1199 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 53 theme major 1131:1135 arg1 C18  1211:1214 C18  1211:1214 C18  1211:1214 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 53 theme major 1131:1135 arg1 acids 1143:1147 The major fatty acids 1127:1147 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane 1127:1178 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 53 theme major 1131:1135 arg1  1ω7c 1216:1220  1ω7c 1216:1220  1ω7c 1216:1220 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 4 54 theme 16S 312:314 arg1 sequence 326:333 16S rRNA gene sequence 312:333 16S rRNA gene sequence 312:333 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 13 55 theme humi 1643:1646 arg1 sp 1648:1649 the name Sinomonas humi sp 1624:1649 the name Sinomonas humi sp 1624:1649 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 4 56 theme atrocyanea 406:415 arg1 T 427:427 T 427:427 T 427:427 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 4 56 theme atrocyanea 406:415 arg1 % 436:436 98.0 % 431:436 98.0 % 431:436 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 4 56 theme atrocyanea 406:415 arg1 DSM 417:419 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127 396:425 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %) 396:437 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 6 57 theme muramic 875:881 arg1 acid 883:886 muramic acid 875:886 muramic acid 875:886 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 57 theme muramic 875:881 arg1 acids 817:821 the amino acids lysine 807:828 the amino acids lysine 807:828 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 2 58 attach isolated 114:121 arg2 T 107:107 T 107:107 T 107:107 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 2 58 attach isolated 114:121 arg1 soil 137:140 mangrove soil 128:140 mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia 128:189 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 2 58 attach isolated 114:121 arg2 117 103:105 Strain MUSC 117 91:105 Strain MUSC 117(T) 91:108 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 3 59 dep yellowish-white 211:225 arg1 pigmented 227:235 pigmented 227:235 pigmented 227:235 This bacterium was yellowish-white pigmented, Gram-staining-positive, rod-coccus shaped and non-motile. 25563924 4 60 theme highest 365:371 arg1 similarity 382:391 highest sequence similarity 365:391 highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %) 365:437 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 15 61 theme Sinomonas 1689:1697 arg1 sp 1704:1705 Sinomonas humi sp 1689:1705 Sinomonas humi sp 1689:1705 The type strain of Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 4 62 theme gene 321:324 arg1 sequence 326:333 16S rRNA gene sequence 312:333 16S rRNA gene sequence 312:333 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 12 63 theme DNA 1480:1482 arg1 profile 1484:1490 a unique DNA profile 1471:1490 a unique DNA profile 1471:1490 A comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated that strain MUSC 117(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25563924 2 64 theme forest 164:169 arg1 soil 137:140 mangrove soil 128:140 mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia 128:189 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 15 65 theme type 1674:1677 arg1 strain 1679:1684 The type strain 1670:1684 The type strain of Sinomonas humi sp 1670:1705 The type strain of Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 4 66 theme rRNA 316:319 arg1 sequence 326:333 16S rRNA gene sequence 312:333 16S rRNA gene sequence 312:333 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 13 67 theme genus 1597:1601 arg1 Sinomonas 1603:1611 the genus Sinomonas 1593:1611 the genus Sinomonas 1593:1611 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 4 68 theme Sinomonas 582:590 arg1 species 561:567 other species 555:567 other species of the genus Sinomonas 555:590 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 11 69 theme G+C 1361:1363 arg1 content 1365:1371 The DNA G+C content 1353:1371 The DNA G+C content 1353:1371 The DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. 25563924 11 69 theme G+C 1361:1363 arg1 % 1385:1385 67.3 mol% 1377:1385 67.3 mol% 1377:1385 The DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. 25563924 6 70 contain containing 796:805 arg1 A3α 791:793 A3α 791:793 A3α 791:793 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 70 contain containing 796:805 arg2 acids 817:821 the amino acids lysine 807:828 the amino acids lysine 807:828 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 70 contain containing 796:805 arg2 glycine 839:845 glycine 839:845 glycine 839:845 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 70 contain containing 796:805 arg2 alanine 848:854 alanine 848:854 alanine 848:854 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 70 contain containing 796:805 arg2 acid 883:886 muramic acid 875:886 muramic acid 875:886 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 70 contain containing 796:805 arg1 type 782:785 the peptidoglycan type 764:785 the peptidoglycan type 764:785 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 70 contain containing 796:805 arg2 acid 866:869 glutamic acid 857:869 glutamic acid 857:869 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 70 contain containing 796:805 arg2 serine 831:836 serine 831:836 serine 831:836 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 4 71 theme sequence 532:539 arg1 similarity 541:550 lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity 516:550 lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas 516:590 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 13 72 theme strain 1544:1549 arg1 T 1560:1560 T 1560:1560 T 1560:1560 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 13 72 theme strain 1544:1549 arg1 117 1556:1558 strain MUSC 117 1544:1558 strain MUSC 117(T) 1544:1561 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 6 73 theme amino 811:815 arg1 serine 831:836 serine 831:836 serine 831:836 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 73 theme amino 811:815 arg1 acid 866:869 glutamic acid 857:869 glutamic acid 857:869 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 73 theme amino 811:815 arg1 glycine 839:845 glycine 839:845 glycine 839:845 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 73 theme amino 811:815 arg1 acids 817:821 the amino acids lysine 807:828 the amino acids lysine 807:828 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 73 theme amino 811:815 arg1 alanine 848:854 alanine 848:854 alanine 848:854 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 6 73 theme amino 811:815 arg1 acid 883:886 muramic acid 875:886 muramic acid 875:886 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was A3α, containing the amino acids lysine, serine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and muramic acid. 25563924 2 74 from soil 137:140 arg1 Malaysia 182:189 Malaysia 182:189 Malaysia 182:189 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 2 74 from soil 137:140 arg1 Pahang 174:179 Pahang 174:179 Pahang 174:179 Strain MUSC 117(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur forest in Pahang, Malaysia. 25563924 4 75 theme sequence 373:380 arg1 similarity 382:391 highest sequence similarity 365:391 highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %) 365:437 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 4 76 theme lower 516:520 arg1 similarity 541:550 lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity 516:550 lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas 516:590 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 117(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.0 %), Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (97.9 %) and Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (97.8 %), and lower (<97.6 %) sequence similarity to other species of the genus Sinomonas. 25563924 13 77 theme MUSC 1551:1554 arg1 T 1560:1560 T 1560:1560 T 1560:1560 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 13 77 theme MUSC 1551:1554 arg1 117 1556:1558 strain MUSC 117 1544:1558 strain MUSC 117(T) 1544:1561 Results based on a polyphasic approach showed that strain MUSC 117(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas humi sp. 25563924 9 78 theme cell 1166:1169 arg1 membrane 1171:1178 the cell membrane 1162:1178 the cell membrane 1162:1178 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 7 79 theme mannose 986:992 arg1 ribose 935:940 ribose 935:940 ribose 935:940 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 7 79 theme mannose 986:992 arg1 glucose 943:949 glucose 943:949 glucose 943:949 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 7 79 theme mannose 986:992 arg1 amount 976:981 a smaller amount 966:981 a smaller amount of mannose 966:992 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 7 79 theme mannose 986:992 arg1 sugars 904:909 The whole-cell sugars 889:909 The whole-cell sugars detected 889:918 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 7 79 theme mannose 986:992 arg1 mannose 986:992 mannose 986:992 mannose 986:992 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 7 79 theme mannose 986:992 arg1 rhamnose 925:932 rhamnose 925:932 rhamnose 925:932 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 7 79 theme mannose 986:992 arg1 galactose 952:960 galactose 952:960 galactose 952:960 The whole-cell sugars detected were rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose and a smaller amount of mannose. 25563924 1 80 theme amylolytic 28:37 arg1 actinobacterium 39:53 an amylolytic actinobacterium 25:53 an amylolytic actinobacterium 25:53 nov., an amylolytic actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25563924 1 80 theme amylolytic 28:37 arg1 nov. 19:22 nov. 19:22 nov. 19:22 nov., an amylolytic actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25563924 12 81 theme MUSC 1447:1450 arg1 T 1456:1456 T 1456:1456 T 1456:1456 A comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated that strain MUSC 117(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25563924 12 81 theme MUSC 1447:1450 arg1 117 1452:1454 strain MUSC 117 1440:1454 strain MUSC 117(T) 1440:1457 A comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated that strain MUSC 117(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25563924 5 82 theme strain 696:701 arg1 MUSC 703:706 strain MUSC 117 696:710 strain MUSC 117(T) 696:713 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species. 25563924 5 82 theme strain 696:701 arg1 T 712:712 T 712:712 T 712:712 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 27 %) between strain MUSC 117(T) and closely related species. 25563924 9 83 theme membrane 1171:1178 arg1  0 1245:1246  0 1245:1246  0 1245:1246 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 83 theme membrane 1171:1178 arg1 % 1156:1156 >10.0 % 1150:1156 >10.0 % 1150:1156 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 83 theme membrane 1171:1178 arg1  0 1270:1271  0 1270:1271  0 1270:1271 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 83 theme membrane 1171:1178 arg1 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 anteiso-C15  1185:1196 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 83 theme membrane 1171:1178 arg1  0 1198:1199  0 1198:1199  0 1198:1199 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 83 theme membrane 1171:1178 arg1 C18  1211:1214 C18  1211:1214 C18  1211:1214 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 83 theme membrane 1171:1178 arg1 acids 1143:1147 The major fatty acids 1127:1147 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane 1127:1178 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 25563924 9 83 theme membrane 1171:1178 arg1  1ω7c 1216:1220  1ω7c 1216:1220  1ω7c 1216:1220 The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), C18 : 1ω7c (17.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (17.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.4 %). 27381405 5 0 theme pairwise 727:734 arg1 similarities 759:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 727:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively 727:815 Strain YIM DR1091T was closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T, Nocardioides caricicola YC6903T, Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T, with which it shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively. 27381405 4 1 theme gene 440:443 arg1 sequences 445:453 16S rRNA gene sequences 431:453 16S rRNA gene sequences 431:453 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 6 2 theme Mean 818:821 arg1 values 843:848 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 818:848 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 818:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 2 3 dep Wu 260:261 arg1 et 263:264 Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et 230:264 Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China 230:309 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated YIM DR1091T, was isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China. 27381405 11 4 theme novel 1643:1647 arg1 species 1649:1655 a novel species 1641:1655 a novel species 1641:1655 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 2 5 attach isolated 203:210 arg1 roots 221:225 the roots 217:225 the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China 217:309 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated YIM DR1091T, was isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China. 27381405 2 5 attach isolated 203:210 arg2 strain 167:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 111:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 111:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated YIM DR1091T, was isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China. 27381405 5 6 theme 16S 736:738 arg1 similarities 759:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 727:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively 727:815 Strain YIM DR1091T was closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T, Nocardioides caricicola YC6903T, Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T, with which it shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively. 27381405 5 7 theme rRNA 740:743 arg1 similarities 759:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 727:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively 727:815 Strain YIM DR1091T was closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T, Nocardioides caricicola YC6903T, Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T, with which it shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively. 27381405 5 8 theme YIM 535:537 arg1 DR1091T 539:545 Strain YIM DR1091T 528:545 Strain YIM DR1091T 528:545 Strain YIM DR1091T was closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T, Nocardioides caricicola YC6903T, Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T, with which it shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively. 27381405 4 9 theme Phylogenetic 400:411 arg1 analyses 413:420 Phylogenetic analyses 400:420 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 400:453 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 4 10 theme genus 508:512 arg1 Nocardioides 514:525 the genus Nocardioides 504:525 the genus Nocardioides 504:525 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 11 11 theme YIM 1618:1620 arg1 DR1091T 1622:1628 strain YIM DR1091T 1611:1628 strain YIM DR1091T 1611:1628 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 11 12 theme strain 1611:1616 arg1 DR1091T 1622:1628 strain YIM DR1091T 1611:1628 strain YIM DR1091T 1611:1628 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 13 13 theme type 1757:1760 arg1 strain 1762:1767 The type strain 1753:1767 The type strain 1753:1767 The type strain is YIM DR1091T (=JCM 30632T=CGMCC4.7251T). 27381405 13 13 theme type 1757:1760 arg1 DR1091T 1776:1782 YIM DR1091T 1772:1782 YIM DR1091T (=JCM 30632T=CGMCC4.7251T) 1772:1809 The type strain is YIM DR1091T (=JCM 30632T=CGMCC4.7251T). 27381405 6 14 theme N. 933:934 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 14 theme N. 933:934 arg1 17686T 951:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 9 15 dep along 1425:1429 arg1 with 1431:1434 with 1431:1434 with 1431:1434 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 1 16 attach isolated 38:45 arg2 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu. 27381405 1 16 attach isolated 38:45 arg1 roots 56:60 the roots 52:60 the roots of Psammosilene 52:76 nov., isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu. 27381405 7 17 theme YIM 1118:1120 arg1 DR1091T 1122:1128 strain YIM DR1091T 1111:1128 strain YIM DR1091T 1111:1128 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 2 18 theme Gram-stain-positive 113:131 arg1 strain 167:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 111:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 111:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated YIM DR1091T, was isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China. 27381405 13 19 theme YIM 1772:1774 arg1 30632T=CGMCC4.7251T 1790:1808 =JCM 30632T=CGMCC4.7251T 1785:1808 =JCM 30632T=CGMCC4.7251T 1785:1808 The type strain is YIM DR1091T (=JCM 30632T=CGMCC4.7251T). 27381405 13 19 theme YIM 1772:1774 arg1 strain 1762:1767 The type strain 1753:1767 The type strain 1753:1767 The type strain is YIM DR1091T (=JCM 30632T=CGMCC4.7251T). 27381405 13 19 theme YIM 1772:1774 arg1 DR1091T 1776:1782 YIM DR1091T 1772:1782 YIM DR1091T (=JCM 30632T=CGMCC4.7251T) 1772:1809 The type strain is YIM DR1091T (=JCM 30632T=CGMCC4.7251T). 27381405 5 20 theme % 801:801 arg1 similarities 759:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 727:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively 727:815 Strain YIM DR1091T was closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T, Nocardioides caricicola YC6903T, Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T, with which it shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively. 27381405 4 21 theme rRNA 435:438 arg1 sequences 445:453 16S rRNA gene sequences 431:453 16S rRNA gene sequences 431:453 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 4 22 theme Nocardioides 514:525 arg1 DR1091T 481:487 strain YIM DR1091T 470:487 strain YIM DR1091T 470:487 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 4 22 theme Nocardioides 514:525 arg1 member 494:499 a member 492:499 a member of the genus Nocardioides 492:525 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 1 23 theme Psammosilene 65:76 arg1 roots 56:60 the roots 52:60 the roots of Psammosilene 52:76 nov., isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu. 27381405 9 24 from acid 1485:1488 arg1 peptidoglycan 1497:1509 the peptidoglycan 1493:1509 the peptidoglycan 1493:1509 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 3 25 theme polyphasic 379:388 arg1 approach 390:397 a polyphasic approach 377:397 a polyphasic approach 377:397 The taxonomic position of strain YIM DR1091T was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27381405 4 26 theme 16S 431:433 arg1 sequences 445:453 16S rRNA gene sequences 431:453 16S rRNA gene sequences 431:453 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 2 27 theme Wu 272:273 arg1 roots 221:225 the roots 217:225 the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China 217:309 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated YIM DR1091T, was isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China. 27381405 6 28 theme relatedness 831:841 arg1 values 843:848 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 818:848 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 818:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 29 theme JCM 1004:1006 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 29 theme JCM 1004:1006 arg1 11813T 1008:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 5 30 theme 97.6 775:778 arg1 % 801:801 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 % 775:801 % 801:801 Strain YIM DR1091T was closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T, Nocardioides caricicola YC6903T, Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T, with which it shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively. 27381405 8 31 theme unidentified 1323:1334 arg1 phospholipids 1336:1348 three unidentified phospholipids 1317:1348 three unidentified phospholipids 1317:1348 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unidentified phospholipids. 27381405 11 32 theme chemotaxonomic 1576:1589 arg1 data 1591:1594 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1547:1594 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1547:1594 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 6 33 theme JCM 947:949 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 33 theme JCM 947:949 arg1 17686T 951:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 34 theme aquiterrae 993:1002 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 34 theme aquiterrae 993:1002 arg1 11813T 1008:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 7 35 theme respiratory 1083:1093 arg1 menaquinone 1095:1105 The respiratory menaquinone 1079:1105 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T 1079:1128 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 7 35 theme respiratory 1083:1093 arg1 MK-8 1134:1137 MK-8 1134:1137 MK-8 1134:1137 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 6 36 theme JCM 921:923 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 36 theme JCM 921:923 arg1 10369T 925:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 9 37 contain contained 1375:1383 arg2 glucose 1402:1408 glucose 1402:1408 glucose 1402:1408 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 37 contain contained 1375:1383 arg2 mannose 1385:1391 mannose 1385:1391 mannose 1385:1391 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 37 contain contained 1375:1383 arg2 galactose 1414:1422 galactose 1414:1422 galactose 1414:1422 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 37 contain contained 1375:1383 arg1 hydrolysates 1362:1373 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1351:1373 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1351:1373 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 37 contain contained 1375:1383 arg2 ribose 1394:1399 ribose 1394:1399 ribose 1394:1399 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 37 contain contained 1375:1383 arg2 acid 1454:1457 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1436:1457 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1436:1457 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 37 contain contained 1375:1383 arg2 acid 1485:1488 the diagnostic diamino acid 1462:1488 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1462:1509 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 5 38 theme Strain 528:533 arg1 DR1091T 539:545 Strain YIM DR1091T 528:545 Strain YIM DR1091T 528:545 Strain YIM DR1091T was closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T, Nocardioides caricicola YC6903T, Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T, with which it shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively. 27381405 9 39 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1436:1452 arg1 ribose 1394:1399 ribose 1394:1399 ribose 1394:1399 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 39 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1436:1452 arg1 acid 1485:1488 the diagnostic diamino acid 1462:1488 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1462:1509 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 39 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1436:1452 arg1 acid 1454:1457 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1436:1457 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1436:1457 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 39 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1436:1452 arg1 glucose 1402:1408 glucose 1402:1408 glucose 1402:1408 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 39 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1436:1452 arg1 galactose 1414:1422 galactose 1414:1422 galactose 1414:1422 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 39 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1436:1452 arg1 mannose 1385:1391 mannose 1385:1391 mannose 1385:1391 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 6 40 theme N. 990:991 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 40 theme N. 990:991 arg1 11813T 1008:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 3 41 theme taxonomic 316:324 arg1 position 326:333 The taxonomic position 312:333 The taxonomic position of strain YIM DR1091T 312:355 The taxonomic position of strain YIM DR1091T was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27381405 6 42 theme pyridinolyticus 905:919 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 42 theme pyridinolyticus 905:919 arg1 10369T 925:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 11 43 theme Phenotypic 1547:1556 arg1 data 1591:1594 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1547:1594 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1547:1594 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 7 44 theme major 1153:1157 arg1  0 1192:1193  0 1192:1193  0 1192:1193 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 7 44 theme major 1153:1157 arg1 acids 1165:1169 the major fatty acids 1149:1169 the major fatty acids (>5 %) 1149:1176 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 7 44 theme major 1153:1157 arg1 % 1175:1175 >5 % 1172:1175 >5 % 1172:1175 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 6 45 theme YIM 865:867 arg1 DR1091T 869:875 strain YIM DR1091T 858:875 strain YIM DR1091T 858:875 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 3 46 theme DR1091T 349:355 arg1 position 326:333 The taxonomic position 312:333 The taxonomic position of strain YIM DR1091T 312:355 The taxonomic position of strain YIM DR1091T was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27381405 6 47 theme N. 902:903 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 47 theme N. 902:903 arg1 10369T 925:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 2 48 theme non-motile 156:165 arg1 strain 167:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 111:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 111:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated YIM DR1091T, was isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China. 27381405 5 49 theme gene 745:748 arg1 similarities 759:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 727:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively 727:815 Strain YIM DR1091T was closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T, Nocardioides caricicola YC6903T, Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T, with which it shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively. 27381405 4 50 theme YIM 477:479 arg1 DR1091T 481:487 strain YIM DR1091T 470:487 strain YIM DR1091T 470:487 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 4 50 theme YIM 477:479 arg1 member 494:499 a member 492:499 a member of the genus Nocardioides 492:525 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 6 51 theme caricicola 936:945 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 51 theme caricicola 936:945 arg1 17686T 951:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 52 dep strains 894:900 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 52 dep strains 894:900 arg1 11813T 1008:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 52 dep strains 894:900 arg1 15302T 979:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 52 dep strains 894:900 arg1 17686T 951:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 52 dep strains 894:900 arg1 10369T 925:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 7 53 dep C17  1196:1199 arg1  0 1242:1243  0 1242:1243  0 1242:1243 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 7 53 dep C17  1196:1199 arg1 C17  1208:1211 C17  1208:1211 C17  1208:1211 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 7 53 dep C17  1196:1199 arg1  0 1213:1214  0 1213:1214  0 1213:1214 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 7 53 dep C17  1196:1199 arg1 iso-C14  1233:1240 iso-C14  1233:1240 iso-C14  1233:1240 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 7 53 dep C17  1196:1199 arg1  0 1226:1227  0 1226:1227  0 1226:1227 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 5 54 theme 97.2  796:800 arg1 % 801:801 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 % 775:801 % 801:801 Strain YIM DR1091T was closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T, Nocardioides caricicola YC6903T, Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T, with which it shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively. 27381405 3 55 theme strain 338:343 arg1 DR1091T 349:355 strain YIM DR1091T 338:355 strain YIM DR1091T 338:355 The taxonomic position of strain YIM DR1091T was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27381405 4 56 theme strain 470:475 arg1 DR1091T 481:487 strain YIM DR1091T 470:487 strain YIM DR1091T 470:487 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 4 56 theme strain 470:475 arg1 member 494:499 a member 492:499 a member of the genus Nocardioides 492:525 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM DR1091T is a member of the genus Nocardioides. 27381405 2 57 theme non-spore-forming 134:150 arg1 strain 167:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 111:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 111:172 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated YIM DR1091T, was isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China. 27381405 9 58 theme diagnostic 1466:1475 arg1 ribose 1394:1399 ribose 1394:1399 ribose 1394:1399 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 58 theme diagnostic 1466:1475 arg1 acid 1485:1488 the diagnostic diamino acid 1462:1488 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1462:1509 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 58 theme diagnostic 1466:1475 arg1 acid 1454:1457 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1436:1457 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1436:1457 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 58 theme diagnostic 1466:1475 arg1 glucose 1402:1408 glucose 1402:1408 glucose 1402:1408 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 58 theme diagnostic 1466:1475 arg1 galactose 1414:1422 galactose 1414:1422 galactose 1414:1422 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 58 theme diagnostic 1466:1475 arg1 mannose 1385:1391 mannose 1385:1391 mannose 1385:1391 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 6 59 theme DNA-DNA 823:829 arg1 values 843:848 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 818:848 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 818:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 11 60 theme Nocardioides 1703:1714 arg1 sp 1731:1732 the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp 1694:1732 the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp 1694:1732 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 3 61 theme YIM 345:347 arg1 DR1091T 349:355 strain YIM DR1091T 338:355 strain YIM DR1091T 338:355 The taxonomic position of strain YIM DR1091T was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27381405 6 62 theme related 881:887 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 62 theme related 881:887 arg1 11813T 1008:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 62 theme related 881:887 arg1 15302T 979:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 62 theme related 881:887 arg1 17686T 951:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 62 theme related 881:887 arg1 10369T 925:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 63 theme strain 858:863 arg1 DR1091T 869:875 strain YIM DR1091T 858:875 strain YIM DR1091T 858:875 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 9 64 theme diamino 1477:1483 arg1 ribose 1394:1399 ribose 1394:1399 ribose 1394:1399 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 64 theme diamino 1477:1483 arg1 acid 1485:1488 the diagnostic diamino acid 1462:1488 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1462:1509 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 64 theme diamino 1477:1483 arg1 acid 1454:1457 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1436:1457 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1436:1457 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 64 theme diamino 1477:1483 arg1 glucose 1402:1408 glucose 1402:1408 glucose 1402:1408 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 64 theme diamino 1477:1483 arg1 galactose 1414:1422 galactose 1414:1422 galactose 1414:1422 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 64 theme diamino 1477:1483 arg1 mannose 1385:1391 mannose 1385:1391 mannose 1385:1391 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 9 65 theme Whole-cell 1351:1360 arg1 hydrolysates 1362:1373 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1351:1373 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1351:1373 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose, along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27381405 11 66 theme intraradicalis 1716:1729 arg1 sp 1731:1732 the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp 1694:1732 the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp 1694:1732 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 2 67 theme YIM 186:188 arg1 DR1091T 190:196 YIM DR1091T 186:196 YIM DR1091T 186:196 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated YIM DR1091T, was isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu collected from Gejiu, Yunnan, China. 27381405 6 68 theme hankookensis 962:973 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 68 theme hankookensis 962:973 arg1 15302T 979:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 11 69 theme phylogenetic 1559:1570 arg1 data 1591:1594 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1547:1594 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1547:1594 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 11 70 theme genus 1664:1668 arg1 Nocardioides 1670:1681 the genus Nocardioides 1660:1681 the genus Nocardioides 1660:1681 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 11 71 theme name 1698:1701 arg1 sp 1731:1732 the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp 1694:1732 the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp 1694:1732 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 11 72 theme Nocardioides 1670:1681 arg1 species 1649:1655 a novel species 1641:1655 a novel species 1641:1655 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YIM DR1091T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides intraradicalis sp. 27381405 6 73 theme N. 959:960 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 73 theme N. 959:960 arg1 15302T 979:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 74 theme JCM 975:977 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 74 theme JCM 975:977 arg1 15302T 979:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 10 75 theme mol 1541:1543 arg1 % 1544:1544 74.6 mol% 1536:1544 74.6 mol% 1536:1544 The DNA G+C content was 74.6 mol%. 27381405 10 75 theme mol 1541:1543 arg1 content 1524:1530 The DNA G+C content 1512:1530 The DNA G+C content 1512:1530 The DNA G+C content was 74.6 mol%. 27381405 7 76 theme fatty 1159:1163 arg1  0 1192:1193  0 1192:1193  0 1192:1193 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 7 76 theme fatty 1159:1163 arg1 acids 1165:1169 the major fatty acids 1149:1169 the major fatty acids (>5 %) 1149:1176 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 7 76 theme fatty 1159:1163 arg1 % 1175:1175 >5 % 1172:1175 >5 % 1172:1175 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 10 77 theme DNA 1516:1518 arg1 % 1544:1544 74.6 mol% 1536:1544 74.6 mol% 1536:1544 The DNA G+C content was 74.6 mol%. 27381405 10 77 theme DNA 1516:1518 arg1 content 1524:1530 The DNA G+C content 1512:1530 The DNA G+C content 1512:1530 The DNA G+C content was 74.6 mol%. 27381405 10 78 theme G+C 1520:1522 arg1 % 1544:1544 74.6 mol% 1536:1544 74.6 mol% 1536:1544 The DNA G+C content was 74.6 mol%. 27381405 10 78 theme G+C 1520:1522 arg1 content 1524:1530 The DNA G+C content 1512:1530 The DNA G+C content 1512:1530 The DNA G+C content was 74.6 mol%. 27381405 5 79 theme sequence 750:757 arg1 similarities 759:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 727:770 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively 727:815 Strain YIM DR1091T was closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4T, Nocardioides caricicola YC6903T, Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30T and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T, with which it shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 97.2 %, respectively. 27381405 8 80 theme polar 1250:1254 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1268:1289 diphosphatidylglycerol 1268:1289 diphosphatidylglycerol 1268:1289 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unidentified phospholipids. 27381405 8 80 theme polar 1250:1254 arg1 lipids 1256:1261 The polar lipids 1246:1261 The polar lipids 1246:1261 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unidentified phospholipids. 27381405 1 81 dep Wu 95:96 arg1 et 98:99 W. C. Wu et 89:99 W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu 89:108 nov., isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu. 27381405 7 82 theme strain 1111:1116 arg1 DR1091T 1122:1128 strain YIM DR1091T 1111:1128 strain YIM DR1091T 1111:1128 The respiratory menaquinone for strain YIM DR1091T was MK-8(H4) while the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27381405 6 83 theme type 889:892 arg1 strains 894:900 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 881:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 83 theme type 889:892 arg1 11813T 1008:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 990:1013 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 83 theme type 889:892 arg1 15302T 979:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 N. hankookensis JCM 15302T 959:984 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 83 theme type 889:892 arg1 17686T 951:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 N. caricicola JCM 17686T 933:956 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 27381405 6 83 theme type 889:892 arg1 10369T 925:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T 902:930 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM DR1091T and related type strains N. pyridinolyticus JCM 10369T, N. caricicola JCM 17686T, N. hankookensis JCM 15302T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 44.9±1.7, 50.2±1.3, 46.8±0.9 and 43.0±0.2 %, respectively. 26296337 5 0 theme major 634:638 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 670:691 diphosphatidylglycerol 670:691 diphosphatidylglycerol 670:691 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. 26296337 5 0 theme major 634:638 arg1 lipids 646:651 The major polar lipids 630:651 The major polar lipids 630:651 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. 26296337 2 1 theme novel 124:128 arg1 bacterium 165:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 122:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 122:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 10 2 dep analyses 1356:1363 arg1 the 1302:1304 the 1302:1304 the 1302:1304 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 10 2 dep analyses 1356:1363 arg1 basis 1306:1310 basis 1306:1310 basis 1306:1310 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 10 3 theme genotypic 1346:1354 arg1 analyses 1356:1363 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses 1315:1363 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses 1315:1363 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 9 4 theme ± 1277:1277 arg1 values 1086:1091 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 1048:1091 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) 1048:1238 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 9 4 theme ± 1277:1277 arg1 % 1282:1282 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8% 1245:1282 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8% 1245:1282 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 5 5 theme polar 640:644 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 670:691 diphosphatidylglycerol 670:691 diphosphatidylglycerol 670:691 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. 26296337 5 5 theme polar 640:644 arg1 lipids 646:651 The major polar lipids 630:651 The major polar lipids 630:651 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. 26296337 10 6 from species 1423:1429 arg1 Microbacterium 1444:1457 the genus Microbacterium 1434:1457 the genus Microbacterium 1434:1457 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 9 7 theme hybridization 1060:1072 arg1 values 1086:1091 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 1048:1091 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) 1048:1238 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 9 7 theme hybridization 1060:1072 arg1 % 1282:1282 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8% 1245:1282 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8% 1245:1282 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 6 8 theme fatty 758:762 arg1 acids 764:768 The major fatty acids 748:768 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) 748:777 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26296337 6 8 theme fatty 758:762 arg1 % 776:776 >10.0% 771:776 >10.0% 771:776 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26296337 6 8 theme fatty 758:762 arg1 anteiso-C15 784:794 anteiso-C15 784:794 anteiso-C15 784:794 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26296337 7 9 contain contained 862:870 arg2 glycine 926:932 glycine 926:932 glycine 926:932 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 9 contain contained 862:870 arg2 acid 917:920 glutamic acid 908:920 glutamic acid 908:920 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 9 contain contained 862:870 arg1 peptidoglycan 848:860 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 834:860 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 834:860 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 9 contain contained 862:870 arg2 ornithine 888:896 ornithine 888:896 ornithine 888:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 9 contain contained 862:870 arg2 acids 882:886 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine 872:932 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine 872:932 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 9 contain contained 862:870 arg2 alanine 899:905 alanine 899:905 alanine 899:905 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 3 10 dep Microbacterium 493:506 arg1 lacus 508:512 lacus 508:512 lacus 508:512 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 10 11 theme genus 1438:1442 arg1 Microbacterium 1444:1457 the genus Microbacterium 1434:1457 the genus Microbacterium 1434:1457 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 10 12 theme Microbacterium 1479:1492 arg1 DCY100 1505:1510 the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100 1470:1510 the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) 1470:1513 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 10 12 theme Microbacterium 1479:1492 arg1 T 1512:1512 T 1512:1512 T 1512:1512 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 3 13 theme Microbacterium 493:506 arg1 T 524:524 T 524:524 T 524:524 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 13 theme Microbacterium 493:506 arg1 15575 518:522 Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575 493:522 Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) 493:533 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 13 theme Microbacterium 493:506 arg1 % 532:532 97.2% 528:532 97.2% 528:532 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 10 14 theme chemotaxonomic 1327:1340 arg1 analyses 1356:1363 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses 1315:1363 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses 1315:1363 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 10 15 theme name 1474:1477 arg1 DCY100 1505:1510 the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100 1470:1510 the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) 1470:1513 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 10 15 theme name 1474:1477 arg1 T 1512:1512 T 1512:1512 T 1512:1512 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 2 16 from rhizome 216:222 arg1 Gangwon 271:277 Gangwon 271:277 Gangwon 271:277 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 2 16 from rhizome 216:222 arg1 Republic 289:296 Republic 289:296 Republic 289:296 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 4 17 theme major 589:593 arg1 MK-11 613:617 MK-11 613:617 MK-11 613:617 The major menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. 26296337 4 17 theme major 589:593 arg1 menaquinones 595:606 The major menaquinones 585:606 The major menaquinones 585:606 The major menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. 26296337 3 18 theme gene 321:324 arg1 analysis 335:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 308:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 308:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 9 19 theme Microbacterium 1122:1135 arg1 KCTC 1150:1153 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189 1122:1159 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189 1122:1159 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 7 20 theme whole-cell 935:944 arg1 sugars 946:951 whole-cell sugars 935:951 whole-cell sugars 935:951 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 9 21 theme DSM 1227:1229 arg1 19600 1231:1235 Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600 1203:1235 Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600 1203:1235 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 11 22 theme = JCM 1575:1579 arg1 T 1587:1587 T 1587:1587 T 1587:1587 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 11 22 theme = JCM 1575:1579 arg1 30598 1581:1585  = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598 1558:1585  = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T) 1558:1588 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 3 23 theme sequence 326:333 arg1 analysis 335:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 308:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 308:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 9 24 theme ginsengisoli 1137:1148 arg1 KCTC 1150:1153 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189 1122:1159 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189 1122:1159 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 10 25 from Microbacterium 1444:1457 arg1 representative 1397:1410 a representative 1395:1410 a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed 1395:1525 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 10 25 from Microbacterium 1444:1457 arg1 isolate 1370:1376 the isolate 1366:1376 the isolate 1366:1376 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 8 26 theme G+C 1015:1017 arg1 content 1019:1025 The DNA G+C content 1007:1025 The DNA G+C content 1007:1025 The DNA G+C content was 63.6 ± 0.7 mol%. 26296337 8 26 theme G+C 1015:1017 arg1 % 1045:1045 63.6 ± 0.7 mol% 1031:1045 63.6 ± 0.7 mol% 1031:1045 The DNA G+C content was 63.6 ± 0.7 mol%. 26296337 2 27 attach isolated 202:209 arg2 bacterium 165:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 122:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 122:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 2 27 attach isolated 202:209 arg1 rhizome 216:222 rhizome 216:222 rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea 216:305 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 0 28 theme rhizomatis 15:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Microbacterium rhizomatis sp 0:27 Microbacterium rhizomatis sp. 0:28 Microbacterium rhizomatis sp. 26296337 9 29 dep Microbacterium 1165:1178 arg1 lacus 1180:1184 lacus 1180:1184 lacus 1180:1184 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 11 30 theme T 1572:1572 arg1 T 1587:1587 T 1587:1587 T 1587:1587 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 11 30 theme T 1572:1572 arg1 30598 1581:1585  = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598 1558:1585  = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T) 1558:1588 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 0 31 theme Microbacterium 0:13 arg1 sp 26:27 Microbacterium rhizomatis sp 0:27 Microbacterium rhizomatis sp. 0:28 Microbacterium rhizomatis sp. 26296337 1 32 attach isolated 72:79 arg2 bacterium 62:70 a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium 36:70 a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng 36:119 nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng. 26296337 1 32 attach isolated 72:79 arg1 rhizome 86:92 rhizome 86:92 rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng 86:119 nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng. 26296337 9 33 dep Microbacterium 1203:1216 arg1 invictum 1218:1225 invictum 1218:1225 invictum 1218:1225 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 10 34 theme novel 1417:1421 arg1 species 1423:1429 a novel species 1415:1429 a novel species 1415:1429 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 1 35 theme Korean 97:102 arg1 ginseng 113:119 Korean mountain ginseng 97:119 Korean mountain ginseng 97:119 nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng. 26296337 2 36 from root 244:247 arg1 Gangwon 271:277 Gangwon 271:277 Gangwon 271:277 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 2 36 from root 244:247 arg1 Republic 289:296 Republic 289:296 Republic 289:296 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 3 37 theme genus 389:393 arg1 Microbacterium 395:408 the genus Microbacterium 385:408 the genus Microbacterium 385:408 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 11 38 theme  = KCTC 1558:1564 arg1 T 1587:1587 T 1587:1587 T 1587:1587 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 11 38 theme  = KCTC 1558:1564 arg1 30598 1581:1585  = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598 1558:1585  = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T) 1558:1588 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 1 39 theme mountain 104:111 arg1 ginseng 113:119 Korean mountain ginseng 97:119 Korean mountain ginseng 97:119 nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng. 26296337 3 40 theme strain 356:361 arg1 DCY100 363:368 strain DCY100 356:368 strain DCY100(T) 356:371 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 40 theme strain 356:361 arg1 T 370:370 T 370:370 T 370:370 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 9 41 theme Microbacterium 1203:1216 arg1 19600 1231:1235 Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600 1203:1235 Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600 1203:1235 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 3 42 theme invictum 554:561 arg1 % 581:581 97.1% 577:581 97.1% 577:581 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 42 theme invictum 554:561 arg1 DSM 563:565 Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600 539:571 Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%) 539:582 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 42 theme invictum 554:561 arg1 T 573:573 T 573:573 T 573:573 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 1 43 theme ginseng 113:119 arg1 rhizome 86:92 rhizome 86:92 rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng 86:119 nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng. 26296337 6 44 dep anteiso-C15 784:794 arg1 0 831:831 0 831:831 0 831:831 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26296337 6 44 dep anteiso-C15 784:794 arg1 iso-C16 821:827 iso-C16 821:827 iso-C16 821:827 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26296337 6 44 dep anteiso-C15 784:794 arg1 0 798:798 0 798:798 0 798:798 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26296337 6 44 dep anteiso-C15 784:794 arg1 0 815:815 0 815:815 0 815:815 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26296337 6 45 theme major 752:756 arg1 acids 764:768 The major fatty acids 748:768 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) 748:777 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26296337 6 45 theme major 752:756 arg1 % 776:776 >10.0% 771:776 >10.0% 771:776 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26296337 6 45 theme major 752:756 arg1 anteiso-C15 784:794 anteiso-C15 784:794 anteiso-C15 784:794 The major fatty acids (>10.0%) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26296337 2 46 theme mountain 227:234 arg1 root 244:247 mountain ginseng root 227:247 mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea 227:305 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 5 47 theme unidentified 723:734 arg1 glycolipid 736:745 one unidentified glycolipid 719:745 one unidentified glycolipid 719:745 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. 26296337 8 48 theme ± 1036:1036 arg1 content 1019:1025 The DNA G+C content 1007:1025 The DNA G+C content 1007:1025 The DNA G+C content was 63.6 ± 0.7 mol%. 26296337 8 48 theme ± 1036:1036 arg1 % 1045:1045 63.6 ± 0.7 mol% 1031:1045 63.6 ± 0.7 mol% 1031:1045 The DNA G+C content was 63.6 ± 0.7 mol%. 26296337 7 49 theme glutamic 908:915 arg1 acids 882:886 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine 872:932 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine 872:932 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 49 theme glutamic 908:915 arg1 acid 917:920 glutamic acid 908:920 glutamic acid 908:920 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 9 50 theme DNA-DNA 1052:1058 arg1 values 1086:1091 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 1048:1091 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) 1048:1238 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 9 50 theme DNA-DNA 1052:1058 arg1 % 1282:1282 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8% 1245:1282 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8% 1245:1282 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 9 51 theme JCM 1186:1188 arg1 T 1196:1196 Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) 1165:1197 Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) 1165:1197 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 7 52 dep acids 882:886 arg1 acids 882:886 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine 872:932 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine 872:932 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 52 dep acids 882:886 arg1 glycine 926:932 glycine 926:932 glycine 926:932 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 52 dep acids 882:886 arg1 alanine 899:905 alanine 899:905 alanine 899:905 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 52 dep acids 882:886 arg1 acid 917:920 glutamic acid 908:920 glutamic acid 908:920 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 52 dep acids 882:886 arg1 ornithine 888:896 ornithine 888:896 ornithine 888:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 3 53 theme Microbacterium 539:552 arg1 % 581:581 97.1% 577:581 97.1% 577:581 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 53 theme Microbacterium 539:552 arg1 DSM 563:565 Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600 539:571 Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%) 539:582 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 53 theme Microbacterium 539:552 arg1 T 573:573 T 573:573 T 573:573 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 9 54 theme ± 1250:1250 arg1 values 1086:1091 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 1048:1091 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) 1048:1238 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 9 54 theme ± 1250:1250 arg1 % 1282:1282 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8% 1245:1282 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8% 1245:1282 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 7 55 theme amino 876:880 arg1 acids 882:886 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine 872:932 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine 872:932 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 55 theme amino 876:880 arg1 alanine 899:905 alanine 899:905 alanine 899:905 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 55 theme amino 876:880 arg1 acid 917:920 glutamic acid 908:920 glutamic acid 908:920 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 55 theme amino 876:880 arg1 ornithine 888:896 ornithine 888:896 ornithine 888:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 7 55 theme amino 876:880 arg1 glycine 926:932 glycine 926:932 glycine 926:932 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 3 56 theme ginsengisoli 457:468 arg1 % 489:489 97.9% 485:489 97.9% 485:489 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 56 theme ginsengisoli 457:468 arg1 KCTC 470:473 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189 442:479 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%) 442:490 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 56 theme ginsengisoli 457:468 arg1 T 481:481 T 481:481 T 481:481 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 8 57 theme mol 1042:1044 arg1 content 1019:1025 The DNA G+C content 1007:1025 The DNA G+C content 1007:1025 The DNA G+C content was 63.6 ± 0.7 mol%. 26296337 8 57 theme mol 1042:1044 arg1 % 1045:1045 63.6 ± 0.7 mol% 1031:1045 63.6 ± 0.7 mol% 1031:1045 The DNA G+C content was 63.6 ± 0.7 mol%. 26296337 2 58 dep Gram-staining-positive 130:151 arg1 rod-shaped 154:163 rod-shaped 154:163 rod-shaped 154:163 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 9 59 theme relatedness 1074:1084 arg1 values 1086:1091 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 1048:1091 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) 1048:1238 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 9 59 theme relatedness 1074:1084 arg1 % 1282:1282 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8% 1245:1282 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8% 1245:1282 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 10 60 theme rhizomatis 1494:1503 arg1 DCY100 1505:1510 the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100 1470:1510 the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) 1470:1513 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 10 60 theme rhizomatis 1494:1503 arg1 T 1512:1512 T 1512:1512 T 1512:1512 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 1 61 theme β-glucosidase-producing 38:60 arg1 bacterium 62:70 a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium 36:70 a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng 36:119 nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng. 26296337 9 62 dep ± 1250:1250 arg1 ± 1262:1262 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 1252:1275 ± 1262:1262 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 1 63 dep bacterium 62:70 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from rhizome of Korean mountain ginseng. 26296337 9 64 theme 15575 1190:1194 arg1 T 1196:1196 Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) 1165:1197 Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) 1165:1197 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 8 65 theme DNA 1011:1013 arg1 content 1019:1025 The DNA G+C content 1007:1025 The DNA G+C content 1007:1025 The DNA G+C content was 63.6 ± 0.7 mol%. 26296337 8 65 theme DNA 1011:1013 arg1 % 1045:1045 63.6 ± 0.7 mol% 1031:1045 63.6 ± 0.7 mol% 1031:1045 The DNA G+C content was 63.6 ± 0.7 mol%. 26296337 11 66 dep DCY100 1547:1552 arg1 T 1587:1587 T 1587:1587 T 1587:1587 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 11 66 dep DCY100 1547:1552 arg1 30598 1581:1585  = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598 1558:1585  = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T) 1558:1588 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 10 67 from representative 1397:1410 arg1 Microbacterium 1444:1457 the genus Microbacterium 1434:1457 the genus Microbacterium 1434:1457 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 3 68 theme Microbacterium 442:455 arg1 % 489:489 97.9% 485:489 97.9% 485:489 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 68 theme Microbacterium 442:455 arg1 KCTC 470:473 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189 442:479 Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%) 442:490 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 68 theme Microbacterium 442:455 arg1 T 481:481 T 481:481 T 481:481 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 10 69 theme species 1423:1429 arg1 representative 1397:1410 a representative 1395:1410 a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed 1395:1525 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 10 69 theme species 1423:1429 arg1 isolate 1370:1376 the isolate 1366:1376 the isolate 1366:1376 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 3 70 theme 16S 312:314 arg1 analysis 335:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 308:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 308:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 9 71 theme strain 1101:1106 arg1 T 1115:1115 strain DCY100(T) 1101:1116 strain DCY100(T) 1101:1116 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 9 71 theme strain 1101:1106 arg1 T 1161:1161 T 1161:1161 T 1161:1161 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 9 71 theme strain 1101:1106 arg1 T 1237:1237 T 1237:1237 T 1237:1237 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26296337 2 72 theme root 244:247 arg1 rhizome 216:222 rhizome 216:222 rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea 216:305 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 7 73 theme cell-wall 838:846 arg1 peptidoglycan 848:860 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 834:860 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 834:860 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine; whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose. 26296337 11 74 theme 39529 1566:1570 arg1 T 1587:1587 T 1587:1587 T 1587:1587 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 11 74 theme 39529 1566:1570 arg1 30598 1581:1585  = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598 1558:1585  = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T) 1558:1588 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 11 75 theme type 1532:1535 arg1 DCY100 1547:1552 DCY100 1547:1552 DCY100 1547:1552 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 11 75 theme type 1532:1535 arg1 strain 1537:1542 The type strain 1528:1542 The type strain 1528:1542 The type strain is DCY100(T) ( = KCTC 39529(T) = JCM 30598(T)). 26296337 3 76 theme rRNA 316:319 arg1 analysis 335:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 308:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 308:342 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 2 77 theme Gram-staining-positive 130:151 arg1 bacterium 165:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 122:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 122:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 2 78 theme ginseng 236:242 arg1 root 244:247 mountain ginseng root 227:247 mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea 227:305 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 10 79 theme phenotypic 1315:1324 arg1 analyses 1356:1363 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses 1315:1363 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses 1315:1363 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, the isolate is classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium rhizomatis DCY100(T) is proposed. 26296337 3 80 theme JCM 514:516 arg1 T 524:524 T 524:524 T 524:524 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 80 theme JCM 514:516 arg1 15575 518:522 Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575 493:522 Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) 493:533 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 3 80 theme JCM 514:516 arg1 % 532:532 97.2% 528:532 97.2% 528:532 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY100(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was most closely related to Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T) (97.9%), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) (97.2%) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) (97.1%). 26296337 2 81 from Republic 289:296 arg1 rhizome 216:222 rhizome 216:222 rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea 216:305 A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DCY100(T), was isolated from rhizome of mountain ginseng root in Hwacheon mountain, Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. 26296337 9 82 theme Microbacterium 1165:1178 arg1 T 1196:1196 Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) 1165:1197 Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) 1165:1197 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain DCY100(T) and Microbacterium ginsengisoli KCTC 19189(T), Microbacterium lacus JCM 15575(T) and Microbacterium invictum DSM 19600(T) were 36.2 ± 0.4, 22.0 ± 3.0 and 15.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. 26294911 16 0 theme type 1840:1843 arg1 species 1845:1851 the type species 1836:1851 the type species 1836:1851 The type strain of the type species is KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T). 26294911 2 1 from 0.2 μm-filtrate 264:278 arg1 Japan 306:310 Japan 306:310 Japan 306:310 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 12 2 theme 3-hydroxyglutamic 1308:1324 arg1 glycine 1362:1368 glycine 1362:1368 glycine 1362:1368 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 2 theme 3-hydroxyglutamic 1308:1324 arg1 acid 1341:1344 glutamic acid 1332:1344 glutamic acid 1332:1344 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 2 theme 3-hydroxyglutamic 1308:1324 arg1 alanine 1371:1377 alanine 1371:1377 alanine 1371:1377 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 2 theme 3-hydroxyglutamic 1308:1324 arg1 lysine 1383:1388 lysine 1383:1388 lysine 1383:1388 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 2 theme 3-hydroxyglutamic 1308:1324 arg1 acid 1326:1329 3-hydroxyglutamic acid 1308:1329 3-hydroxyglutamic acid 1308:1329 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 2 theme 3-hydroxyglutamic 1308:1324 arg1 acid 1356:1359 aspartic acid 1347:1359 aspartic acid 1347:1359 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 13 3 theme family 1556:1561 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1563:1579 the family Microbacteriaceae 1552:1579 the family Microbacteriaceae 1552:1579 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 14 4 dep sp 1795:1796 arg1 nov. 1789:1792 the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 1750:1792 the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 1750:1792 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 3 5 dep ultramicrosized 339:353 arg1 0.04-0.05 μm3 356:368 0.04-0.05 μm3 356:368 0.04-0.05 μm3 356:368 Cells of strain KNCT were ultramicrosized (0.04-0.05 μm3). 26294911 3 6 theme strain 322:327 arg1 KNCT 329:332 strain KNCT 322:332 strain KNCT 322:332 Cells of strain KNCT were ultramicrosized (0.04-0.05 μm3). 26294911 10 7 theme unknown 1194:1200 arg1 glycolipids 1202:1212 two unknown glycolipids 1190:1212 two unknown glycolipids 1190:1212 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 26294911 10 8 theme polar 1147:1151 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1165:1184 phosphatidylglycerol 1165:1184 phosphatidylglycerol 1165:1184 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 26294911 10 8 theme polar 1147:1151 arg1 lipids 1153:1158 The major polar lipids 1137:1158 The major polar lipids 1137:1158 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 26294911 8 9 theme environmental 892:904 arg1 clones 906:911 environmental clones 892:911 environmental clones 892:911 However, strain KNCT formed an independent cluster with cultured, but as-yet-unidentified, species and environmental clones on the phylogenetic tree. 26294911 14 10 theme minutum 1776:1782 arg1 nov. 1789:1792 the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 1750:1792 the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 1750:1792 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 16 11 theme species 1845:1851 arg1 strain 1826:1831 The type strain 1817:1831 The type strain of the type species 1817:1851 The type strain of the type species is KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T). 26294911 16 11 theme species 1845:1851 arg1 KNCT 1856:1859 KNCT 1856:1859 KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T) 1856:1892 The type strain of the type species is KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T). 26294911 7 12 theme gene 627:630 arg1 sequences 632:640 16S rRNA gene sequences 618:640 16S rRNA gene sequences 618:640 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KNCT showed relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 3 13 theme KNCT 329:332 arg1 Cells 313:317 Cells 313:317 Cells of strain KNCT 313:332 Cells of strain KNCT were ultramicrosized (0.04-0.05 μm3). 26294911 2 14 theme Gram-stain-positive 136:154 arg1 actinobacterium 208:222 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium 134:222 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium 134:222 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 16 15 theme type 1821:1824 arg1 strain 1826:1831 The type strain 1817:1831 The type strain of the type species 1817:1851 The type strain of the type species is KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T). 26294911 16 15 theme type 1821:1824 arg1 KNCT 1856:1859 KNCT 1856:1859 KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T) 1856:1892 The type strain of the type species is KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T). 26294911 12 16 contain contained 1298:1306 arg1 B-type 1286:1291 B-type 1286:1291 B-type 1286:1291 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 16 contain contained 1298:1306 arg2 lysine 1383:1388 lysine 1383:1388 lysine 1383:1388 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 16 contain contained 1298:1306 arg2 acid 1326:1329 3-hydroxyglutamic acid 1308:1329 3-hydroxyglutamic acid 1308:1329 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 16 contain contained 1298:1306 arg2 acid 1356:1359 aspartic acid 1347:1359 aspartic acid 1347:1359 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 16 contain contained 1298:1306 arg2 acid 1341:1344 glutamic acid 1332:1344 glutamic acid 1332:1344 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 16 contain contained 1298:1306 arg1 peptidoglycan 1268:1280 The peptidoglycan 1264:1280 The peptidoglycan 1264:1280 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 16 contain contained 1298:1306 arg2 glycine 1362:1368 glycine 1362:1368 glycine 1362:1368 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 16 contain contained 1298:1306 arg2 alanine 1371:1377 alanine 1371:1377 alanine 1371:1377 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 14 17 theme Aurantimicrobium 1759:1774 arg1 nov. 1789:1792 the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 1750:1792 the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 1750:1792 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 11 18 theme cell-wall 1219:1227 arg1 acetyl 1256:1261 acetyl 1256:1261 acetyl 1256:1261 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type was acetyl. 26294911 11 18 theme cell-wall 1219:1227 arg1 type 1247:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type 1215:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type 1215:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type was acetyl. 26294911 5 19 from pH 10 501:505 arg1 at 498:499 weaker growth at pH 10 484:505 weaker growth at pH 10 484:505 The pH range for growth was 7-9, with weaker growth at pH 10. 26294911 5 19 from pH 10 501:505 arg1 growth 491:496 weaker growth at pH 10 484:505 weaker growth at pH 10 484:505 The pH range for growth was 7-9, with weaker growth at pH 10. 26294911 12 20 theme diagnostic 1417:1426 arg1 latter 1400:1405 latter 1400:1405 latter 1400:1405 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 20 theme diagnostic 1417:1426 arg1 acid 1436:1439 the diagnostic diamino acid 1413:1439 the diagnostic diamino acid 1413:1439 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 4 21 from 40 °C 439:443 arg1 growth 420:425 no observable growth 406:425 no observable growth at 10 °C or 40 °C 406:443 The strain grew at 15-37 °C, with no observable growth at 10 °C or 40 °C. 26294911 6 22 theme NaCl 546:549 arg1 presence 534:541 the presence 530:541 the presence of NaCl at concentrations greater than 1 % 530:584 Growth was impeded by the presence of NaCl at concentrations greater than 1 %. 26294911 1 23 theme novel 48:52 arg1 ultramicrobacterium 54:72 a novel ultramicrobacterium 46:72 a novel ultramicrobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae 46:104 nov., a novel ultramicrobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from river water. 26294911 1 23 theme novel 48:52 arg1 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov., a novel ultramicrobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from river water. 26294911 9 24 theme fatty 958:962 arg1 anteiso-C15  975:986 anteiso-C15  975:986 anteiso-C15  975:986 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 24 theme fatty 958:962 arg1 acids 964:968 The major cellular fatty acids 939:968 The major cellular fatty acids 939:968 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 14 25 theme phylogenetic 1626:1637 arg1 evidence 1639:1646 phylogenetic evidence 1626:1646 phylogenetic evidence 1626:1646 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 13 26 theme other 1536:1540 arg1 genera 1542:1547 other genera 1536:1547 other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae 1536:1579 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 12 27 theme aspartic 1347:1354 arg1 acid 1326:1329 3-hydroxyglutamic acid 1308:1329 3-hydroxyglutamic acid 1308:1329 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 27 theme aspartic 1347:1354 arg1 acid 1356:1359 aspartic acid 1347:1359 aspartic acid 1347:1359 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 5 28 theme at 498:499 arg1 pH 10 501:505 weaker growth at pH 10 484:505 weaker growth at pH 10 484:505 The pH range for growth was 7-9, with weaker growth at pH 10. 26294911 12 29 theme diamino 1428:1434 arg1 latter 1400:1405 latter 1400:1405 latter 1400:1405 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 29 theme diamino 1428:1434 arg1 acid 1436:1439 the diagnostic diamino acid 1413:1439 the diagnostic diamino acid 1413:1439 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 5 30 theme pH 450:451 arg1 7-9 474:476 7-9 474:476 7-9 474:476 The pH range for growth was 7-9, with weaker growth at pH 10. 26294911 5 30 theme pH 450:451 arg1 range 453:457 The pH range 446:457 The pH range for growth 446:468 The pH range for growth was 7-9, with weaker growth at pH 10. 26294911 0 31 theme minutum 17:23 arg1 nov. 30:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 0:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 0:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 4 32 from 10 °C 430:434 arg1 growth 420:425 no observable growth 406:425 no observable growth at 10 °C or 40 °C 406:443 The strain grew at 15-37 °C, with no observable growth at 10 °C or 40 °C. 26294911 8 33 theme phylogenetic 920:931 arg1 tree 933:936 the phylogenetic tree 916:936 the phylogenetic tree 916:936 However, strain KNCT formed an independent cluster with cultured, but as-yet-unidentified, species and environmental clones on the phylogenetic tree. 26294911 2 34 theme water 289:293 arg1 0.2 μm-filtrate 264:278 the 0.2 μm-filtrate 260:278 the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan 260:310 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 7 35 theme family 763:768 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 770:786 the family Microbacteriaceae 759:786 the family Microbacteriaceae 759:786 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KNCT showed relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 0 36 theme Aurantimicrobium 0:15 arg1 nov. 30:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 0:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 0:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 13 37 dep low 1486:1488 arg1 content 1450:1456 The G+C content 1442:1456 The G+C content of the genome 1442:1470 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 13 37 dep low 1486:1488 arg1 % 1518:1518 52.1 mol% 1510:1518 52.1 mol% 1510:1518 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 13 37 dep low 1486:1488 arg1 low 1486:1488 low 1486:1488 low 1486:1488 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 2 38 theme river 283:287 arg1 water 289:293 river water 283:293 river water 283:293 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 16 39 theme  = NBRC 1862:1868 arg1 14875T 1886:1891  = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T 1862:1891  = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T 1862:1891 The type strain of the type species is KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T). 26294911 16 39 theme  = NBRC 1862:1868 arg1 KNCT 1856:1859 KNCT 1856:1859 KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T) 1856:1892 The type strain of the type species is KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T). 26294911 9 40 dep anteiso-C15  975:986 arg1 % 1037:1037 18.0 % 1032:1037 18.0 % 1032:1037 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 40 dep anteiso-C15  975:986 arg1  0 1010:1011  0 1010:1011  0 1010:1011 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 40 dep anteiso-C15  975:986 arg1 % 1066:1066 12.9 % 1061:1066 12.9 % 1061:1066 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 40 dep anteiso-C15  975:986 arg1 C16  1023:1026 C16  1023:1026 C16  1023:1026 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 40 dep anteiso-C15  975:986 arg1  0 1028:1029  0 1028:1029  0 1028:1029 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 40 dep anteiso-C15  975:986 arg1 % 997:997 41.0 % 992:997 41.0 % 992:997 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 40 dep anteiso-C15  975:986 arg1 anteiso-C17  1044:1055 anteiso-C17  1044:1055 anteiso-C17  1044:1055 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 40 dep anteiso-C15  975:986 arg1  0 1057:1058  0 1057:1058  0 1057:1058 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 40 dep anteiso-C15  975:986 arg1 % 1019:1019 21.8 % 1014:1019 21.8 % 1014:1019 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 40 dep anteiso-C15  975:986 arg1  0 988:989  0 988:989  0 988:989 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 1 41 theme family 81:86 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 88:104 the family Microbacteriaceae 77:104 the family Microbacteriaceae 77:104 nov., a novel ultramicrobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from river water. 26294911 14 42 theme strain 1649:1654 arg1 KNCT 1656:1659 strain KNCT 1649:1659 strain KNCT 1649:1659 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 0 43 theme gen. 25:28 arg1 nov. 30:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 0:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 0:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 136:154 arg1 rod-shaped 197:206 rod-shaped 197:206 rod-shaped 197:206 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 136:154 arg1 curved 178:183 curved 178:183 curved 178:183 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 136:154 arg1 non-motile 166:175 non-motile 166:175 non-motile 166:175 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 136:154 arg1 aerobic 157:163 aerobic 157:163 aerobic 157:163 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 14 45 theme name 1754:1757 arg1 nov. 1789:1792 the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 1750:1792 the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 1750:1792 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 7 46 theme 16S 618:620 arg1 sequences 632:640 16S rRNA gene sequences 618:640 16S rRNA gene sequences 618:640 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KNCT showed relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 1 47 theme Microbacteriaceae 88:104 arg1 ultramicrobacterium 54:72 a novel ultramicrobacterium 46:72 a novel ultramicrobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae 46:104 nov., a novel ultramicrobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from river water. 26294911 1 47 theme Microbacteriaceae 88:104 arg1 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov., a novel ultramicrobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from river water. 26294911 11 48 theme acid 1237:1240 arg1 acetyl 1256:1261 acetyl 1256:1261 acetyl 1256:1261 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type was acetyl. 26294911 11 48 theme acid 1237:1240 arg1 type 1247:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type 1215:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type 1215:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type was acetyl. 26294911 8 49 theme strain 798:803 arg1 KNCT 805:808 strain KNCT 798:808 strain KNCT 798:808 However, strain KNCT formed an independent cluster with cultured, but as-yet-unidentified, species and environmental clones on the phylogenetic tree. 26294911 11 50 theme acyl 1242:1245 arg1 acetyl 1256:1261 acetyl 1256:1261 acetyl 1256:1261 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type was acetyl. 26294911 11 50 theme acyl 1242:1245 arg1 type 1247:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type 1215:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type 1215:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type was acetyl. 26294911 11 51 theme muramic 1229:1235 arg1 acetyl 1256:1261 acetyl 1256:1261 acetyl 1256:1261 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type was acetyl. 26294911 11 51 theme muramic 1229:1235 arg1 type 1247:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type 1215:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type 1215:1250 The cell-wall muramic acid acyl type was acetyl. 26294911 6 52 attach presence 534:541 arg1 concentrations 554:567 concentrations 554:567 concentrations greater than 1 % 554:584 Growth was impeded by the presence of NaCl at concentrations greater than 1 %. 26294911 6 52 attach presence 534:541 arg2 NaCl 546:549 NaCl 546:549 NaCl 546:549 Growth was impeded by the presence of NaCl at concentrations greater than 1 %. 26294911 7 53 theme rRNA 622:625 arg1 sequences 632:640 16S rRNA gene sequences 618:640 16S rRNA gene sequences 618:640 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KNCT showed relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 14 54 theme family 1714:1719 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1721:1737 the family Microbacteriaceae 1710:1737 the family Microbacteriaceae 1710:1737 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 8 55 theme independent 820:830 arg1 cluster 832:838 an independent cluster 817:838 an independent cluster 817:838 However, strain KNCT formed an independent cluster with cultured, but as-yet-unidentified, species and environmental clones on the phylogenetic tree. 26294911 14 56 theme novel 1674:1678 arg1 species 1680:1686 a novel species 1672:1686 a novel species 1672:1686 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 16 57 theme 105389T = NCIMB 1870:1884 arg1 14875T 1886:1891  = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T 1862:1891  = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T 1862:1891 The type strain of the type species is KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T). 26294911 16 57 theme 105389T = NCIMB 1870:1884 arg1 KNCT 1856:1859 KNCT 1856:1859 KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T) 1856:1892 The type strain of the type species is KNCT ( = NBRC 105389T = NCIMB 14875T). 26294911 6 58 from concentrations 554:567 arg1 presence 534:541 the presence 530:541 the presence of NaCl at concentrations greater than 1 % 530:584 Growth was impeded by the presence of NaCl at concentrations greater than 1 %. 26294911 7 59 theme sequence 691:698 arg1 similarity 700:709 relatively high sequence similarity 675:709 relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T 675:754 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KNCT showed relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 7 59 theme sequence 691:698 arg1 % 717:717 97.2 % 712:717 97.2 % 712:717 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KNCT showed relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 4 60 theme observable 409:418 arg1 growth 420:425 no observable growth 406:425 no observable growth at 10 °C or 40 °C 406:443 The strain grew at 15-37 °C, with no observable growth at 10 °C or 40 °C. 26294911 0 61 dep sp 36:37 arg1 nov. 30:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 0:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 0:33 Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 7 62 theme high 686:689 arg1 similarity 700:709 relatively high sequence similarity 675:709 relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T 675:754 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KNCT showed relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 7 62 theme high 686:689 arg1 % 717:717 97.2 % 712:717 97.2 % 712:717 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KNCT showed relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 7 63 theme Phylogenetic 587:598 arg1 analysis 600:607 Phylogenetic analysis 587:607 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 587:640 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KNCT showed relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 14 64 theme genus 1697:1701 arg1 species 1680:1686 a novel species 1672:1686 a novel species 1672:1686 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 5 65 theme weaker 484:489 arg1 pH 10 501:505 weaker growth at pH 10 484:505 weaker growth at pH 10 484:505 The pH range for growth was 7-9, with weaker growth at pH 10. 26294911 13 66 theme genome 1465:1470 arg1 content 1450:1456 The G+C content 1442:1456 The G+C content of the genome 1442:1470 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 13 66 theme genome 1465:1470 arg1 % 1518:1518 52.1 mol% 1510:1518 52.1 mol% 1510:1518 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 13 66 theme genome 1465:1470 arg1 low 1486:1488 low 1486:1488 low 1486:1488 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 9 67 theme major 943:947 arg1 anteiso-C15  975:986 anteiso-C15  975:986 anteiso-C15  975:986 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 67 theme major 943:947 arg1 acids 964:968 The major cellular fatty acids 939:968 The major cellular fatty acids 939:968 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 2 68 attach isolated 246:253 arg2 actinobacterium 208:222 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium 134:222 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium 134:222 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 2 68 attach isolated 246:253 arg1 0.2 μm-filtrate 264:278 the 0.2 μm-filtrate 260:278 the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan 260:310 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 13 69 theme 52.1 mol 1510:1517 arg1 content 1450:1456 The G+C content 1442:1456 The G+C content of the genome 1442:1470 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 13 69 theme 52.1 mol 1510:1517 arg1 % 1518:1518 52.1 mol% 1510:1518 52.1 mol% 1510:1518 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 13 69 theme 52.1 mol 1510:1517 arg1 low 1486:1488 low 1486:1488 low 1486:1488 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 14 70 theme new 1693:1695 arg1 genus 1697:1701 a new genus 1691:1701 a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae 1691:1737 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 5 71 theme growth 491:496 arg1 pH 10 501:505 weaker growth at pH 10 484:505 weaker growth at pH 10 484:505 The pH range for growth was 7-9, with weaker growth at pH 10. 26294911 14 72 theme phenotypic 1595:1604 arg1 characteristics 1606:1620 the phenotypic characteristics 1591:1620 the phenotypic characteristics 1591:1620 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 9 73 theme cellular 949:956 arg1 anteiso-C15  975:986 anteiso-C15  975:986 anteiso-C15  975:986 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 73 theme cellular 949:956 arg1 acids 964:968 The major cellular fatty acids 939:968 The major cellular fatty acids 939:968 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 2 74 dep curved 178:183 arg1 selenoid 186:193 selenoid 186:193 selenoid 186:193 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved (selenoid), rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated KNCT, was isolated from the 0.2 μm-filtrate of river water in western Japan. 26294911 14 75 theme gen. 1784:1787 arg1 nov. 1789:1792 the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 1750:1792 the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov. 1750:1792 Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain KNCT represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Aurantimicrobium minutum gen. nov., sp. 26294911 13 76 from genera 1542:1547 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1563:1579 the family Microbacteriaceae 1552:1579 the family Microbacteriaceae 1552:1579 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 13 77 theme G+C 1446:1448 arg1 content 1450:1456 The G+C content 1442:1456 The G+C content of the genome 1442:1470 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 13 77 theme G+C 1446:1448 arg1 % 1518:1518 52.1 mol% 1510:1518 52.1 mol% 1510:1518 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 13 77 theme G+C 1446:1448 arg1 low 1486:1488 low 1486:1488 low 1486:1488 The G+C content of the genome was unusually low for actinobacteria (52.1 mol%), compared with other genera in the family Microbacteriaceae. 26294911 10 78 theme major 1141:1145 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1165:1184 phosphatidylglycerol 1165:1184 phosphatidylglycerol 1165:1184 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 26294911 10 78 theme major 1141:1145 arg1 lipids 1153:1158 The major polar lipids 1137:1158 The major polar lipids 1137:1158 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. 26294911 1 79 theme river 121:125 arg1 water 127:131 river water 121:131 river water 121:131 nov., a novel ultramicrobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from river water. 26294911 6 80 theme greater 569:575 arg1 concentrations 554:567 concentrations 554:567 concentrations greater than 1 % 554:584 Growth was impeded by the presence of NaCl at concentrations greater than 1 %. 26294911 12 81 theme glutamic 1332:1339 arg1 acid 1326:1329 3-hydroxyglutamic acid 1308:1329 3-hydroxyglutamic acid 1308:1329 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 12 81 theme glutamic 1332:1339 arg1 acid 1341:1344 glutamic acid 1332:1344 glutamic acid 1332:1344 The peptidoglycan was B-type, and contained 3-hydroxyglutamic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine, with the latter being the diagnostic diamino acid. 26294911 9 82 theme major 1078:1082 arg1 MK-11 1102:1106 MK-11 1102:1106 MK-11 1102:1106 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 9 82 theme major 1078:1082 arg1 menaquinones 1084:1095 the major menaquinones 1074:1095 the major menaquinones 1074:1095 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (41.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.8 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.9 %), and the major menaquinones were MK-11 (71.3 %) and MK-12 (13.6 %). 26294911 7 83 theme strain 656:661 arg1 KNCT 663:666 strain KNCT 656:666 strain KNCT 656:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KNCT showed relatively high sequence similarity (97.2 %) to Alpinimonas psychrophila Cr8-25T in the family Microbacteriaceae. 28068432 11 0 theme C. 1421:1422 arg1 atlas 1447:1451 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas 1416:1451 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas 1416:1451 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 11 1 theme fruit 1586:1590 arg1 composition 1601:1611 fruit chemical composition 1586:1611 fruit chemical composition 1586:1611 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 5 2 theme average 735:741 arg1 length 743:748 an average length 732:748 an average length of 1,264 bp 732:760 De novo assembly generated 65,364 unigenes with an average length of 1,264 bp. 28068432 5 3 theme De 684:685 arg1 assembly 692:699 De novo assembly 684:699 De novo assembly 684:699 De novo assembly generated 65,364 unigenes with an average length of 1,264 bp. 28068432 2 4 theme fruit 348:352 arg1 development 354:364 fruit development 348:364 fruit development where several compounds related to coffee quality are produced 348:427 Despite its economic importance, minimal transcriptome data are available for fruit tissues, especially during fruit development where several compounds related to coffee quality are produced. 28068432 11 5 theme important 1465:1473 arg1 step 1475:1478 an important step 1462:1478 an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality 1462:1642 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 8 6 theme fruit 1074:1078 arg1 development 1080:1090 initial fruit development 1066:1090 initial fruit development 1066:1090 These sugars confer osmoprotection and are accumulated during initial fruit development. 28068432 3 7 theme perisperm 580:588 arg1 development 603:613 leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development 563:613 development 603:613 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 10 8 theme transposable 1363:1374 arg1 TE 1386:1387 TE 1386:1387 TE 1386:1387 Furthermore, we identified ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) sequences in our dataset. 28068432 10 8 theme transposable 1363:1374 arg1 elements 1376:1383 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements 1325:1383 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) 1325:1388 Furthermore, we identified ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) sequences in our dataset. 28068432 3 9 theme flower 569:574 arg1 development 603:613 leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development 563:613 development 603:613 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 8 10 theme initial 1066:1072 arg1 development 1080:1090 initial fruit development 1066:1090 initial fruit development 1066:1090 These sugars confer osmoprotection and are accumulated during initial fruit development. 28068432 7 11 theme family 973:978 arg1 oligossacarides 980:994 raffinose family oligossacarides 963:994 raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs) 963:1001 In the annotation process, we identified nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs). 28068432 7 11 theme family 973:978 arg1 RFOs 997:1000 RFOs 997:1000 RFOs 997:1000 In the annotation process, we identified nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs). 28068432 2 12 theme transcriptome 278:290 arg1 data 292:295 minimal transcriptome data 270:295 minimal transcriptome data 270:295 Despite its economic importance, minimal transcriptome data are available for fruit tissues, especially during fruit development where several compounds related to coffee quality are produced. 28068432 7 13 theme annotation 877:886 arg1 process 888:894 the annotation process 873:894 the annotation process 873:894 In the annotation process, we identified nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs). 28068432 0 14 theme Differential 96:107 arg1 Expression 109:118 the Differential Expression 92:118 the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis 92:162 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. Reveals the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis. 28068432 11 15 theme candidate 1496:1504 arg1 genes 1506:1510 candidate genes 1496:1510 candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality 1496:1642 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 3 16 theme coffee 477:482 arg1 fruit 484:488 coffee fruit 477:488 coffee fruit 477:488 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 2 17 theme minimal 270:276 arg1 data 292:295 minimal transcriptome data 270:295 minimal transcriptome data 270:295 Despite its economic importance, minimal transcriptome data are available for fruit tissues, especially during fruit development where several compounds related to coffee quality are produced. 28068432 10 18 theme target 1285:1290 arg1 sites 1292:1296 ~24,000 putative target sites 1268:1296 ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) 1268:1319 Furthermore, we identified ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) sequences in our dataset. 28068432 2 19 theme coffee 401:406 arg1 quality 408:414 coffee quality 401:414 coffee quality 401:414 Despite its economic importance, minimal transcriptome data are available for fruit tissues, especially during fruit development where several compounds related to coffee quality are produced. 28068432 11 20 theme chemical 1592:1599 arg1 composition 1601:1611 fruit chemical composition 1586:1611 fruit chemical composition 1586:1611 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 6 21 theme protein 808:814 arg1 sequences 859:867 12,560 full-length sequences 840:867 12,560 full-length sequences 840:867 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 6 21 theme protein 808:814 arg1 genes 823:827 protein coding genes 808:827 protein coding genes 808:827 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 6 21 theme protein 808:814 arg1 total 765:769 A total 763:769 A total of 24,548 unigenes 763:788 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 3 22 theme transcriptome 537:549 arg1 analysis 551:558 a large-scale transcriptome analysis 523:558 a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development 523:613 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 3 23 theme molecular 448:456 arg1 aspects 458:464 the molecular aspects 444:464 the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development 444:510 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 11 24 theme arabica 1424:1430 arg1 atlas 1447:1451 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas 1416:1451 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas 1416:1451 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 11 25 theme related 1512:1518 arg1 genes 1506:1510 candidate genes 1496:1510 candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality 1496:1642 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 7 26 theme raffinose 963:971 arg1 oligossacarides 980:994 raffinose family oligossacarides 963:994 raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs) 963:1001 In the annotation process, we identified nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs). 28068432 7 26 theme raffinose 963:971 arg1 RFOs 997:1000 RFOs 997:1000 RFOs 997:1000 In the annotation process, we identified nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs). 28068432 2 27 theme fruit 315:319 arg1 tissues 321:327 fruit tissues 315:327 fruit tissues 315:327 Despite its economic importance, minimal transcriptome data are available for fruit tissues, especially during fruit development where several compounds related to coffee quality are produced. 28068432 2 28 theme related 390:396 arg1 compounds 380:388 several compounds 372:388 several compounds related to coffee quality 372:414 Despite its economic importance, minimal transcriptome data are available for fruit tissues, especially during fruit development where several compounds related to coffee quality are produced. 28068432 0 29 theme Transcriptome 0:12 arg1 Analysis 14:21 Transcriptome Analysis 0:21 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. 0:82 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. Reveals the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis. 28068432 12 30 theme development 1791:1801 arg1 stages 1803:1808 the flowering and initial fruit development stages 1759:1808 the flowering and initial fruit development stages 1759:1808 Our results are the starting point for enhancing our knowledge about the coffee genes that are transcribed during the flowering and initial fruit development stages. 28068432 11 31 theme beverage 1627:1634 arg1 quality 1636:1642 beverage quality 1627:1642 beverage quality 1627:1642 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 0 32 dep Coffea 66:71 arg1 L. 81:82 Coffea arabica L. 66:82 Coffea arabica L. 66:82 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. Reveals the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis. 28068432 11 33 theme several 1523:1529 arg1 related 1575:1581 related 1575:1581 related 1575:1581 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 11 33 theme several 1523:1529 arg1 pathways 1548:1555 several coffee metabolic pathways 1523:1555 several coffee metabolic pathways 1523:1555 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 0 34 theme Leaves 26:31 arg1 Analysis 14:21 Transcriptome Analysis 0:21 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. 0:82 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. Reveals the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis. 28068432 6 35 theme coding 816:821 arg1 sequences 859:867 12,560 full-length sequences 840:867 12,560 full-length sequences 840:867 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 6 35 theme coding 816:821 arg1 genes 823:827 protein coding genes 808:827 protein coding genes 808:827 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 6 35 theme coding 816:821 arg1 total 765:769 A total 763:769 A total of 24,548 unigenes 763:788 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 3 36 theme leaf 563:566 arg1 development 603:613 leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development 563:613 development 603:613 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 9 37 theme transcriptional 1132:1146 arg1 pattern 1148:1154 their transcriptional pattern 1126:1154 their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 1126:1238 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 5 38 dep De 684:685 arg1 novo 687:690 novo 687:690 novo 687:690 De novo assembly generated 65,364 unigenes with an average length of 1,264 bp. 28068432 3 39 theme large-scale 525:535 arg1 analysis 551:558 a large-scale transcriptome analysis 523:558 a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development 523:613 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 7 40 theme oligossacarides 980:994 arg1 biosynthesis 947:958 the biosynthesis 943:958 the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs) 943:1001 In the annotation process, we identified nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs). 28068432 1 41 theme important 189:197 arg1 Coffea 165:170 Coffea 165:170 Coffea 165:170 Coffea arabica L. is an important crop in several developing countries. 28068432 1 41 theme important 189:197 arg1 crop 199:202 an important crop 186:202 an important crop in several developing countries 186:234 Coffea arabica L. is an important crop in several developing countries. 28068432 0 42 theme Flowers 34:40 arg1 Analysis 14:21 Transcriptome Analysis 0:21 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. 0:82 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. Reveals the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis. 28068432 10 43 theme putative 1329:1336 arg1 TE 1386:1387 TE 1386:1387 TE 1386:1387 Furthermore, we identified ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) sequences in our dataset. 28068432 10 43 theme putative 1329:1336 arg1 elements 1376:1383 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements 1325:1383 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) 1325:1388 Furthermore, we identified ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) sequences in our dataset. 28068432 3 44 theme tissue 596:601 arg1 development 603:613 leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development 563:613 development 603:613 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 10 45 theme active 1356:1361 arg1 TE 1386:1387 TE 1386:1387 TE 1386:1387 Furthermore, we identified ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) sequences in our dataset. 28068432 10 45 theme active 1356:1361 arg1 elements 1376:1383 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements 1325:1383 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) 1325:1388 Furthermore, we identified ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) sequences in our dataset. 28068432 12 46 theme fruit 1785:1789 arg1 development 1791:1801 initial fruit development 1777:1801 initial fruit development 1777:1801 Our results are the starting point for enhancing our knowledge about the coffee genes that are transcribed during the flowering and initial fruit development stages. 28068432 0 47 theme Genes 123:127 arg1 Expression 109:118 the Differential Expression 92:118 the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis 92:162 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. Reveals the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis. 28068432 6 48 theme unigenes 781:788 arg1 sequences 859:867 12,560 full-length sequences 840:867 12,560 full-length sequences 840:867 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 6 48 theme unigenes 781:788 arg1 genes 823:827 protein coding genes 808:827 protein coding genes 808:827 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 6 48 theme unigenes 781:788 arg1 total 765:769 A total 763:769 A total of 24,548 unigenes 763:788 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 3 49 theme development 603:613 arg1 analysis 551:558 a large-scale transcriptome analysis 523:558 a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development 523:613 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 1 50 from crop 199:202 arg1 countries 226:234 several developing countries 207:234 several developing countries 207:234 Coffea arabica L. is an important crop in several developing countries. 28068432 3 51 theme related 466:472 arg1 aspects 458:464 the molecular aspects 444:464 the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development 444:510 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 0 52 theme Fruits 46:51 arg1 Analysis 14:21 Transcriptome Analysis 0:21 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. 0:82 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. Reveals the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis. 28068432 9 53 theme quantitative 1169:1180 arg1 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 9 53 theme quantitative 1169:1180 arg1 reaction 1221:1228 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 1169:1228 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 1169:1238 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 0 54 theme Raffinose 141:149 arg1 Biosynthesis 151:162 Raffinose Biosynthesis 141:162 Raffinose Biosynthesis 141:162 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. Reveals the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis. 28068432 1 55 dep Coffea 165:170 arg1 L. 180:181 Coffea arabica L. 165:181 Coffea arabica L. 165:181 Coffea arabica L. is an important crop in several developing countries. 28068432 6 56 theme 24,548 774:779 arg1 unigenes 781:788 24,548 unigenes 774:788 24,548 unigenes 774:788 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 3 57 theme grain 494:498 arg1 development 500:510 grain development 494:510 grain development 494:510 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 12 58 theme starting 1665:1672 arg1 results 1649:1655 Our results 1645:1655 Our results 1645:1655 Our results are the starting point for enhancing our knowledge about the coffee genes that are transcribed during the flowering and initial fruit development stages. 28068432 12 58 theme starting 1665:1672 arg1 point 1674:1678 the starting point 1661:1678 the starting point for enhancing our knowledge about the coffee genes that are transcribed during the flowering and initial fruit development stages 1661:1808 Our results are the starting point for enhancing our knowledge about the coffee genes that are transcribed during the flowering and initial fruit development stages. 28068432 11 59 theme metabolic 1538:1546 arg1 related 1575:1581 related 1575:1581 related 1575:1581 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 11 59 theme metabolic 1538:1546 arg1 pathways 1548:1555 several coffee metabolic pathways 1523:1555 several coffee metabolic pathways 1523:1555 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 3 60 theme fruit 590:594 arg1 development 603:613 leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development 563:613 development 603:613 To understand the molecular aspects related to coffee fruit and grain development, we report a large-scale transcriptome analysis of leaf, flower and perisperm fruit tissue development. 28068432 9 61 theme reverse 1182:1188 arg1 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 9 61 theme reverse 1182:1188 arg1 reaction 1221:1228 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 1169:1228 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 1169:1238 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 7 62 theme related 932:938 arg1 genes 926:930 nine candidate genes 911:930 nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs) 911:1001 In the annotation process, we identified nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs). 28068432 10 63 dep sites 1292:1296 arg1 sequences 1390:1398 sequences 1390:1398 sequences 1390:1398 Furthermore, we identified ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) sequences in our dataset. 28068432 9 64 from pathway 1114:1120 arg1 genes 1098:1102 Four genes 1093:1102 Four genes from this pathway 1093:1120 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 0 65 dep Leaves 26:31 arg1 Perisperm 53:61 Perisperm 53:61 Perisperm 53:61 Transcriptome Analysis of Leaves, Flowers and Fruits Perisperm of Coffea arabica L. Reveals the Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Raffinose Biosynthesis. 28068432 4 66 dep filtered 668:675 arg1 reads 677:681 reads 677:681 reads 677:681 Illumina sequencing yielded 41,881,572 high-quality filtered reads. 28068432 12 67 theme initial 1777:1783 arg1 development 1791:1801 initial fruit development 1777:1801 initial fruit development 1777:1801 Our results are the starting point for enhancing our knowledge about the coffee genes that are transcribed during the flowering and initial fruit development stages. 28068432 1 68 theme several 207:213 arg1 countries 226:234 several developing countries 207:234 several developing countries 207:234 Coffea arabica L. is an important crop in several developing countries. 28068432 9 69 theme transcription 1190:1202 arg1 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 9 69 theme transcription 1190:1202 arg1 reaction 1221:1228 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 1169:1228 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 1169:1238 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 6 70 theme full-length 847:857 arg1 sequences 859:867 12,560 full-length sequences 840:867 12,560 full-length sequences 840:867 A total of 24,548 unigenes were annotated as protein coding genes, including 12,560 full-length sequences. 28068432 2 71 theme economic 249:256 arg1 importance 258:267 its economic importance 245:267 its economic importance 245:267 Despite its economic importance, minimal transcriptome data are available for fruit tissues, especially during fruit development where several compounds related to coffee quality are produced. 28068432 9 72 theme polymerase 1204:1213 arg1 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 9 72 theme polymerase 1204:1213 arg1 reaction 1221:1228 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 1169:1228 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 1169:1238 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 11 73 theme coffee 1531:1536 arg1 related 1575:1581 related 1575:1581 related 1575:1581 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 11 73 theme coffee 1531:1536 arg1 pathways 1548:1555 several coffee metabolic pathways 1523:1555 several coffee metabolic pathways 1523:1555 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 7 74 theme candidate 916:924 arg1 genes 926:930 nine candidate genes 911:930 nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs) 911:1001 In the annotation process, we identified nine candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligossacarides (RFOs). 28068432 1 75 theme developing 215:224 arg1 countries 226:234 several developing countries 207:234 several developing countries 207:234 Coffea arabica L. is an important crop in several developing countries. 28068432 11 76 theme transcriptomic 1432:1445 arg1 atlas 1447:1451 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas 1416:1451 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas 1416:1451 This C. arabica transcriptomic atlas provides an important step for identifying candidate genes related to several coffee metabolic pathways, especially those related to fruit chemical composition and therefore beverage quality. 28068432 12 77 theme flowering 1763:1771 arg1 stages 1803:1808 the flowering and initial fruit development stages 1759:1808 the flowering and initial fruit development stages 1759:1808 Our results are the starting point for enhancing our knowledge about the coffee genes that are transcribed during the flowering and initial fruit development stages. 28068432 9 78 theme chain 1215:1219 arg1 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 qRT-PCR 1231:1237 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 9 78 theme chain 1215:1219 arg1 reaction 1221:1228 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 1169:1228 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 1169:1238 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 2 79 theme several 372:378 arg1 compounds 380:388 several compounds 372:388 several compounds related to coffee quality 372:414 Despite its economic importance, minimal transcriptome data are available for fruit tissues, especially during fruit development where several compounds related to coffee quality are produced. 28068432 10 80 theme putative 1276:1283 arg1 sites 1292:1296 ~24,000 putative target sites 1268:1296 ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) 1268:1319 Furthermore, we identified ~24,000 putative target sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and 134 putative transcriptionally active transposable elements (TE) sequences in our dataset. 28068432 9 81 contain had 1122:1124 arg2 pattern 1148:1154 their transcriptional pattern 1126:1154 their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 1126:1238 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 9 81 contain had 1122:1124 arg1 genes 1098:1102 Four genes 1093:1102 Four genes from this pathway 1093:1120 Four genes from this pathway had their transcriptional pattern validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 28068432 12 82 theme coffee 1718:1723 arg1 genes 1725:1729 the coffee genes 1714:1729 the coffee genes that are transcribed during the flowering and initial fruit development stages 1714:1808 Our results are the starting point for enhancing our knowledge about the coffee genes that are transcribed during the flowering and initial fruit development stages. 28068432 4 83 theme Illumina 616:623 arg1 sequencing 625:634 Illumina sequencing 616:634 Illumina sequencing 616:634 Illumina sequencing yielded 41,881,572 high-quality filtered reads. 28068432 5 84 theme bp 759:760 arg1 length 743:748 an average length 732:748 an average length of 1,264 bp 732:760 De novo assembly generated 65,364 unigenes with an average length of 1,264 bp. 27635781 0 0 theme db/db 156:160 arg1 Mice 163:166 Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 129:166 Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 129:166 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 5 1 theme control 631:637 arg1 db/+ 645:648 db/+ 645:648 db/+ 645:648 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 1 theme control 631:637 arg1 mice 639:642 eight age-matched control mice 613:642 eight age-matched control mice (db/+) 613:649 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 9 2 theme serum 1335:1339 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 1341:1359 serum lipopolysaccharides 1335:1359 serum lipopolysaccharides 1335:1359 Coadministration of phlorizin significantly prevented metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight gain, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides, and insulin resistance, and the fecal level of total SCFAs was dramatically increased, especially butyric acid. 27635781 12 3 theme microbial 1929:1937 arg1 structure 1949:1957 gut microbial community structure 1925:1957 gut microbial community structure 1925:1957 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 3 4 contain has 393:395 arg1 phlorizin 383:391 phlorizin 383:391 phlorizin 383:391 However, phlorizin has a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation and shows poor oral bioavailability. 27635781 3 4 contain has 393:395 arg2 range 404:408 a wide range 397:408 a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation 397:456 However, phlorizin has a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation and shows poor oral bioavailability. 27635781 7 5 theme insulin 999:1005 arg1 resistance 1007:1016 insulin resistance 999:1016 insulin resistance 999:1016 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 8 6 theme 16S 1076:1078 arg1 gene 1085:1088 16S rRNA gene 1076:1088 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR 1076:1156 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR were used to determine the changes in microbiome composition. 27635781 8 7 used used 1163:1166 arg2 gene 1085:1088 16S rRNA gene 1076:1088 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR 1076:1156 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR were used to determine the changes in microbiome composition. 27635781 7 8 theme fecal 1023:1027 arg1 acids 1047:1051 fecal short-chain fatty acids 1023:1051 fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1023:1059 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 7 8 theme fecal 1023:1027 arg1 SCFAs 1054:1058 SCFAs 1054:1058 SCFAs 1054:1058 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 2 9 theme effect 285:290 arg1 mechanism 255:263 The mechanism 251:263 The mechanism of its antidiabetic effect 251:290 The mechanism of its antidiabetic effect has been known as it can competitively inhibit sodium-glucose symporters (SGLTs). 27635781 8 10 theme gradient 1101:1108 arg1 DGGE 1131:1134 DGGE 1131:1134 DGGE 1131:1134 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR were used to determine the changes in microbiome composition. 27635781 8 10 theme gradient 1101:1108 arg1 electrophoresis 1114:1128 gradient gel electrophoresis 1101:1128 gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 1101:1135 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR were used to determine the changes in microbiome composition. 27635781 12 11 theme beneficial 2027:2036 arg1 bacteria 2038:2045 beneficial bacteria 2027:2045 beneficial bacteria 2027:2045 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 7 12 theme serum 966:970 arg1 LPS 993:995 LPS 993:995 LPS 993:995 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 7 12 theme serum 966:970 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 972:990 serum lipopolysaccharides 966:990 serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 966:996 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 1 13 theme fruits 201:206 arg1 number 191:196 a number 189:196 a number of fruits and foods 189:216 Phlorizin exists in a number of fruits and foods and exhibits many bioactivities. 27635781 11 14 theme normal 1753:1758 arg1 group 1760:1764 the normal group 1749:1764 the normal group 1749:1764 Meanwhile, the gut microbiota structure of db/db mice after phlorizin treatment was improved and approached the normal group. 27635781 7 15 theme treatment 920:928 arg1 course 930:935 the last treatment course 911:935 the last treatment course 911:935 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 6 16 theme saline 844:849 arg1 solution 851:858 normal saline solution 837:858 normal saline solution 837:858 Phlorizin was given in normal saline solution by intragastric administration for 10 weeks. 27635781 11 17 theme db/db 1684:1688 arg1 mice 1690:1693 db/db mice 1684:1693 db/db mice 1684:1693 Meanwhile, the gut microbiota structure of db/db mice after phlorizin treatment was improved and approached the normal group. 27635781 12 18 from load 1983:1986 arg1 host 1995:1998 host 1995:1998 host 1995:1998 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 12 18 from load 1983:1986 arg1 SCFAs 2011:2015 higher SCFAs 2004:2015 higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria 2004:2045 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 9 19 theme total 1409:1413 arg1 SCFAs 1415:1419 total SCFAs 1409:1419 total SCFAs 1409:1419 Coadministration of phlorizin significantly prevented metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight gain, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides, and insulin resistance, and the fecal level of total SCFAs was dramatically increased, especially butyric acid. 27635781 5 20 dep groups 675:680 arg1 groups 675:680 three groups 669:680 three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group) 669:811 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 20 dep groups 675:680 arg1 group 806:810 CC group 803:810 CC group 803:810 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 20 dep groups 675:680 arg1 group 759:763 vehicle-treated diabetic group 734:763 vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group) 734:774 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 20 dep groups 675:680 arg1 group 692:696 diabetic group 683:696 diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group) 683:731 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 20 dep groups 675:680 arg1 group 769:773 DM group 766:773 DM group 766:773 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 20 dep groups 675:680 arg1 group 796:800 normal control group 781:800 normal control group (CC group) 781:811 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 3 21 theme systemic 437:444 arg1 circulation 446:456 systemic circulation 437:456 systemic circulation 437:456 However, phlorizin has a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation and shows poor oral bioavailability. 27635781 8 22 theme microbiome 1196:1205 arg1 composition 1207:1217 microbiome composition 1196:1217 microbiome composition 1196:1217 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR were used to determine the changes in microbiome composition. 27635781 0 23 theme Lipopolysaccharide 71:88 arg1 Decrease 90:97 Lipopolysaccharide Decrease 71:97 Lipopolysaccharide Decrease 71:97 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 5 24 theme type 585:588 arg1 diabetes 592:599 type 2 diabetes 585:599 type 2 diabetes 585:599 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 0 25 theme Microbiota 107:116 arg1 Changes 118:124 Gut Microbiota Changes 103:124 Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 103:166 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 12 26 theme microbiota 1861:1870 arg1 changes 1872:1878 gut microbiota changes 1857:1878 gut microbiota changes 1857:1878 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 3 27 theme wide 399:402 arg1 range 404:408 a wide range 397:408 a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation 397:456 However, phlorizin has a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation and shows poor oral bioavailability. 27635781 0 28 theme Insulin 0:6 arg1 Activity 30:37 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity 0:37 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin 0:50 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 12 29 theme LPS 1840:1842 arg1 decrease 1844:1851 LPS decrease 1840:1851 LPS decrease 1840:1851 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 12 30 dep host 1995:1998 arg1 the 1991:1993 the 1991:1993 the 1991:1993 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 10 31 theme muciniphila 1613:1623 arg1 diversity 1573:1581 the gut microbial diversity 1555:1581 the gut microbial diversity 1555:1581 DGGE and quantitative PCR demonstrated that phlorizin coadministration increased the gut microbial diversity and the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella. 27635781 10 31 theme muciniphila 1613:1623 arg1 growth 1591:1596 the growth 1587:1596 the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella 1587:1638 DGGE and quantitative PCR demonstrated that phlorizin coadministration increased the gut microbial diversity and the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella. 27635781 4 32 from microbiota 536:545 arg1 intestine 550:558 intestine 550:558 intestine 550:558 An alternative mechanism may involve gut microbiota in intestine. 27635781 9 33 theme phlorizin 1240:1248 arg1 Coadministration 1220:1235 Coadministration 1220:1235 Coadministration of phlorizin 1220:1248 Coadministration of phlorizin significantly prevented metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight gain, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides, and insulin resistance, and the fecal level of total SCFAs was dramatically increased, especially butyric acid. 27635781 12 34 theme action 1801:1806 arg1 mechanism 1771:1779 The mechanism 1767:1779 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin 1767:1819 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 12 35 theme lower 1973:1977 arg1 load 1983:1986 lower LPS load 1973:1986 lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria 1973:2045 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 3 36 theme metabolism 423:432 arg1 range 404:408 a wide range 397:408 a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation 397:456 However, phlorizin has a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation and shows poor oral bioavailability. 27635781 0 37 theme Phlorizin 42:50 arg1 Activity 30:37 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity 0:37 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin 0:50 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 12 38 theme phlorizin 1811:1819 arg1 action 1801:1806 the hypoglycemic action 1784:1806 the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin 1784:1819 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 12 39 theme gut 1925:1927 arg1 structure 1949:1957 gut microbial community structure 1925:1957 gut microbial community structure 1925:1957 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 3 40 theme poor 468:471 arg1 bioavailability 478:492 poor oral bioavailability 468:492 poor oral bioavailability 468:492 However, phlorizin has a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation and shows poor oral bioavailability. 27635781 5 41 theme diabetic 750:757 arg1 groups 675:680 three groups 669:680 three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group) 669:811 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 41 theme diabetic 750:757 arg1 group 759:763 vehicle-treated diabetic group 734:763 vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group) 734:774 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 41 theme diabetic 750:757 arg1 group 769:773 DM group 766:773 DM group 766:773 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 11 42 theme microbiota 1660:1669 arg1 structure 1671:1679 the gut microbiota structure 1652:1679 the gut microbiota structure of db/db mice after phlorizin treatment 1652:1719 Meanwhile, the gut microbiota structure of db/db mice after phlorizin treatment was improved and approached the normal group. 27635781 10 43 theme Prevotella 1629:1638 arg1 diversity 1573:1581 the gut microbial diversity 1555:1581 the gut microbial diversity 1555:1581 DGGE and quantitative PCR demonstrated that phlorizin coadministration increased the gut microbial diversity and the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella. 27635781 10 43 theme Prevotella 1629:1638 arg1 growth 1591:1596 the growth 1587:1596 the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella 1587:1638 DGGE and quantitative PCR demonstrated that phlorizin coadministration increased the gut microbial diversity and the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella. 27635781 3 44 from range 404:408 arg1 circulation 446:456 systemic circulation 437:456 systemic circulation 437:456 However, phlorizin has a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation and shows poor oral bioavailability. 27635781 5 45 theme vehicle-treated 734:748 arg1 groups 675:680 three groups 669:680 three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group) 669:811 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 45 theme vehicle-treated 734:748 arg1 group 759:763 vehicle-treated diabetic group 734:763 vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group) 734:774 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 45 theme vehicle-treated 734:748 arg1 group 769:773 DM group 766:773 DM group 766:773 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 6 46 theme normal 837:842 arg1 solution 851:858 normal saline solution 837:858 normal saline solution 837:858 Phlorizin was given in normal saline solution by intragastric administration for 10 weeks. 27635781 5 47 theme DMT 722:724 arg1 phlorizin 711:719 phlorizin 711:719 phlorizin (DMT group) 711:731 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 47 theme DMT 722:724 arg1 group 726:730 DMT group 722:730 DMT group 722:730 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 48 theme age-matched 619:629 arg1 db/+ 645:648 db/+ 645:648 db/+ 645:648 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 48 theme age-matched 619:629 arg1 mice 639:642 eight age-matched control mice 613:642 eight age-matched control mice (db/+) 613:649 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 2 49 theme sodium-glucose 339:352 arg1 SGLTs 366:370 SGLTs 366:370 SGLTs 366:370 The mechanism of its antidiabetic effect has been known as it can competitively inhibit sodium-glucose symporters (SGLTs). 27635781 2 49 theme sodium-glucose 339:352 arg1 symporters 354:363 sodium-glucose symporters 339:363 sodium-glucose symporters (SGLTs) 339:371 The mechanism of its antidiabetic effect has been known as it can competitively inhibit sodium-glucose symporters (SGLTs). 27635781 1 50 theme many 231:234 arg1 bioactivities 236:248 many bioactivities 231:248 many bioactivities 231:248 Phlorizin exists in a number of fruits and foods and exhibits many bioactivities. 27635781 10 51 theme quantitative 1483:1494 arg1 PCR 1496:1498 quantitative PCR 1483:1498 quantitative PCR 1483:1498 DGGE and quantitative PCR demonstrated that phlorizin coadministration increased the gut microbial diversity and the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella. 27635781 2 52 theme antidiabetic 272:283 arg1 effect 285:290 its antidiabetic effect 268:290 its antidiabetic effect 268:290 The mechanism of its antidiabetic effect has been known as it can competitively inhibit sodium-glucose symporters (SGLTs). 27635781 5 53 theme control 788:794 arg1 group 796:800 normal control group 781:800 normal control group (CC group) 781:811 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 53 theme control 788:794 arg1 group 806:810 CC group 803:810 CC group 803:810 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 53 theme control 788:794 arg1 groups 675:680 three groups 669:680 three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group) 669:811 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 7 54 theme fatty 1041:1045 arg1 acids 1047:1051 fecal short-chain fatty acids 1023:1051 fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1023:1059 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 7 54 theme fatty 1041:1045 arg1 SCFAs 1054:1058 SCFAs 1054:1058 SCFAs 1054:1058 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 10 55 theme phlorizin 1518:1526 arg1 coadministration 1528:1543 phlorizin coadministration 1518:1543 phlorizin coadministration 1518:1543 DGGE and quantitative PCR demonstrated that phlorizin coadministration increased the gut microbial diversity and the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella. 27635781 5 56 with mice 575:578 arg1 diabetes 592:599 type 2 diabetes 585:599 type 2 diabetes 585:599 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 0 57 theme Type 139:142 arg1 Diabetes 146:153 Type 2 Diabetes 139:153 Type 2 Diabetes 139:153 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 8 58 from changes 1185:1191 arg1 composition 1207:1217 microbiome composition 1196:1217 microbiome composition 1196:1217 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR were used to determine the changes in microbiome composition. 27635781 8 59 theme rRNA 1080:1083 arg1 gene 1085:1088 16S rRNA gene 1076:1088 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR 1076:1156 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR were used to determine the changes in microbiome composition. 27635781 8 60 theme quantitative 1141:1152 arg1 PCR 1154:1156 quantitative PCR 1141:1156 quantitative PCR 1141:1156 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR were used to determine the changes in microbiome composition. 27635781 10 61 theme gut 1559:1561 arg1 diversity 1573:1581 the gut microbial diversity 1555:1581 the gut microbial diversity 1555:1581 DGGE and quantitative PCR demonstrated that phlorizin coadministration increased the gut microbial diversity and the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella. 27635781 0 62 theme Diabetes 146:153 arg1 Mice 163:166 Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 129:166 Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 129:166 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 9 63 theme insulin 1366:1372 arg1 resistance 1374:1383 insulin resistance 1366:1383 insulin resistance 1366:1383 Coadministration of phlorizin significantly prevented metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight gain, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides, and insulin resistance, and the fecal level of total SCFAs was dramatically increased, especially butyric acid. 27635781 6 64 theme intragastric 863:874 arg1 administration 876:889 intragastric administration 863:889 intragastric administration for 10 weeks 863:902 Phlorizin was given in normal saline solution by intragastric administration for 10 weeks. 27635781 0 65 from Decrease 90:97 arg1 Mice 163:166 Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 129:166 Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 129:166 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 7 66 theme energy 951:956 arg1 intake 958:963 energy intake 951:963 energy intake 951:963 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 7 67 theme body 938:941 arg1 weight 943:948 body weight 938:948 body weight 938:948 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 9 68 theme fecal 1394:1398 arg1 level 1400:1404 the fecal level 1390:1404 the fecal level of total SCFAs 1390:1419 Coadministration of phlorizin significantly prevented metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight gain, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides, and insulin resistance, and the fecal level of total SCFAs was dramatically increased, especially butyric acid. 27635781 8 69 theme gel 1110:1112 arg1 DGGE 1131:1134 DGGE 1131:1134 DGGE 1131:1134 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR were used to determine the changes in microbiome composition. 27635781 8 69 theme gel 1110:1112 arg1 electrophoresis 1114:1128 gradient gel electrophoresis 1101:1128 gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 1101:1135 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR were used to determine the changes in microbiome composition. 27635781 0 70 from Changes 118:124 arg1 Mice 163:166 Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 129:166 Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 129:166 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 11 71 theme mice 1690:1693 arg1 structure 1671:1679 the gut microbiota structure 1652:1679 the gut microbiota structure of db/db mice after phlorizin treatment 1652:1719 Meanwhile, the gut microbiota structure of db/db mice after phlorizin treatment was improved and approached the normal group. 27635781 7 72 theme last 915:918 arg1 course 930:935 the last treatment course 911:935 the last treatment course 911:935 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 9 73 theme SCFAs 1415:1419 arg1 level 1400:1404 the fecal level 1390:1404 the fecal level of total SCFAs 1390:1419 Coadministration of phlorizin significantly prevented metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight gain, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides, and insulin resistance, and the fecal level of total SCFAs was dramatically increased, especially butyric acid. 27635781 0 74 theme Gut 103:105 arg1 Changes 118:124 Gut Microbiota Changes 103:124 Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 103:166 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 12 75 theme gut 1857:1859 arg1 changes 1872:1878 gut microbiota changes 1857:1878 gut microbiota changes 1857:1878 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 4 76 theme alternative 498:508 arg1 mechanism 510:518 An alternative mechanism 495:518 An alternative mechanism 495:518 An alternative mechanism may involve gut microbiota in intestine. 27635781 12 77 theme LPS 1979:1981 arg1 load 1983:1986 lower LPS load 1973:1986 lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria 1973:2045 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 5 78 theme diabetic 683:690 arg1 groups 675:680 three groups 669:680 three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group) 669:811 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 78 theme diabetic 683:690 arg1 group 692:696 diabetic group 683:696 diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group) 683:731 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 11 79 theme phlorizin 1701:1709 arg1 treatment 1711:1719 phlorizin treatment 1701:1719 phlorizin treatment 1701:1719 Meanwhile, the gut microbiota structure of db/db mice after phlorizin treatment was improved and approached the normal group. 27635781 0 80 theme Obese 129:133 arg1 Mice 163:166 Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 129:166 Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice 129:166 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 12 81 theme higher 2004:2009 arg1 SCFAs 2011:2015 higher SCFAs 2004:2015 higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria 2004:2045 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 9 82 theme butyric 1460:1466 arg1 acid 1468:1471 especially butyric acid 1449:1471 especially butyric acid 1449:1471 Coadministration of phlorizin significantly prevented metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight gain, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides, and insulin resistance, and the fecal level of total SCFAs was dramatically increased, especially butyric acid. 27635781 1 83 theme foods 212:216 arg1 number 191:196 a number 189:196 a number of fruits and foods 189:216 Phlorizin exists in a number of fruits and foods and exhibits many bioactivities. 27635781 3 84 theme two-phase 413:421 arg1 metabolism 423:432 two-phase metabolism 413:432 two-phase metabolism 413:432 However, phlorizin has a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation and shows poor oral bioavailability. 27635781 0 85 theme Sensitivity-Enhancing 8:28 arg1 Activity 30:37 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity 0:37 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin 0:50 Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (db/db) Mice. 27635781 5 86 theme obese 569:573 arg1 mice 575:578 Sixteen obese mice 561:578 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) 561:607 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 86 theme obese 569:573 arg1 db/db 602:606 db/db 602:606 db/db 602:606 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 10 87 theme microbial 1563:1571 arg1 diversity 1573:1581 the gut microbial diversity 1555:1581 the gut microbial diversity 1555:1581 DGGE and quantitative PCR demonstrated that phlorizin coadministration increased the gut microbial diversity and the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and Prevotella. 27635781 5 88 theme DM 766:767 arg1 group 759:763 vehicle-treated diabetic group 734:763 vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group) 734:774 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 88 theme DM 766:767 arg1 group 769:773 DM group 766:773 DM group 766:773 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 9 89 theme energy 1320:1325 arg1 intake 1327:1332 energy intake 1320:1332 energy intake 1320:1332 Coadministration of phlorizin significantly prevented metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight gain, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides, and insulin resistance, and the fecal level of total SCFAs was dramatically increased, especially butyric acid. 27635781 7 90 theme short-chain 1029:1039 arg1 acids 1047:1051 fecal short-chain fatty acids 1023:1051 fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 1023:1059 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 7 90 theme short-chain 1029:1039 arg1 SCFAs 1054:1058 SCFAs 1054:1058 SCFAs 1054:1058 After the last treatment course, body weight, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared. 27635781 9 91 theme metabolic 1274:1282 arg1 syndrome 1284:1291 metabolic syndrome 1274:1291 metabolic syndrome 1274:1291 Coadministration of phlorizin significantly prevented metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight gain, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides, and insulin resistance, and the fecal level of total SCFAs was dramatically increased, especially butyric acid. 27635781 12 92 theme community 1939:1947 arg1 structure 1949:1957 gut microbial community structure 1925:1957 gut microbial community structure 1925:1957 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 4 93 theme gut 532:534 arg1 microbiota 536:545 gut microbiota 532:545 gut microbiota in intestine 532:558 An alternative mechanism may involve gut microbiota in intestine. 27635781 11 94 theme gut 1656:1658 arg1 structure 1671:1679 the gut microbiota structure 1652:1679 the gut microbiota structure of db/db mice after phlorizin treatment 1652:1719 Meanwhile, the gut microbiota structure of db/db mice after phlorizin treatment was improved and approached the normal group. 27635781 3 95 theme oral 473:476 arg1 bioavailability 478:492 poor oral bioavailability 468:492 poor oral bioavailability 468:492 However, phlorizin has a wide range of two-phase metabolism in systemic circulation and shows poor oral bioavailability. 27635781 12 96 theme hypoglycemic 1788:1799 arg1 action 1801:1806 the hypoglycemic action 1784:1806 the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin 1784:1819 The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of phlorizin is associated with LPS decrease and gut microbiota changes; briefly, it acts in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower LPS load in the host and higher SCFAs producing beneficial bacteria. 27635781 9 97 theme weight 1307:1312 arg1 gain 1314:1317 weight gain 1307:1317 weight gain 1307:1317 Coadministration of phlorizin significantly prevented metabolic syndrome by decreasing weight gain, energy intake, serum lipopolysaccharides, and insulin resistance, and the fecal level of total SCFAs was dramatically increased, especially butyric acid. 27635781 5 98 theme normal 781:786 arg1 group 796:800 normal control group 781:800 normal control group (CC group) 781:811 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 98 theme normal 781:786 arg1 group 806:810 CC group 803:810 CC group 803:810 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 98 theme normal 781:786 arg1 groups 675:680 three groups 669:680 three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group) 669:811 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 27635781 5 99 with mice 639:642 arg1 diabetes 592:599 type 2 diabetes 585:599 type 2 diabetes 585:599 Sixteen obese mice with type 2 diabetes (db/db) and eight age-matched control mice (db/+) were divided into three groups: diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group), vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), and normal control group (CC group). 25678677 2 0 theme bacterial 129:137 arg1 3D-3 189:192 3D-3 189:192 3D-3 189:192 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 0 theme bacterial 129:137 arg1 NHI3_6 167:172 NHI3_6 167:172 NHI3_6 167:172 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 0 theme bacterial 129:137 arg1 10-107-8 148:155 10-107-8 148:155 10-107-8 148:155 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 0 theme bacterial 129:137 arg1 4107_1_2 175:182 4107_1_2 175:182 4107_1_2 175:182 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 0 theme bacterial 129:137 arg1 strains 139:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 73:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 73:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 0 theme bacterial 129:137 arg1 1C-4 161:164 1C-4 161:164 1C-4 161:164 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 8 1 theme 16S 1068:1070 arg1 similarity 1091:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1061:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) 1061:1142 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) was observed. 25678677 5 2 theme major 468:472 arg1 MK-11 459:463 MK-11 459:463 MK-11 459:463 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 2 theme major 468:472 arg1 menaquinones 474:485 major menaquinones 468:485 major menaquinones (type strain) 468:499 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 2 theme major 468:472 arg1 strain 493:498 type strain 488:498 type strain 488:498 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 2 theme major 468:472 arg1 MK-10 449:453 MK-10 449:453 MK-10 449:453 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 9 3 theme published 1296:1304 arg1 names 1306:1310 validly published names 1288:1310 validly published names 1288:1310 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 25678677 8 4 theme gene 1077:1080 arg1 similarity 1091:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1061:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) 1061:1142 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) was observed. 25678677 13 5 dep 10-107-8 1730:1737 arg1 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 13 5 dep 10-107-8 1730:1737 arg1 29152 1765:1769  =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152 1743:1769  =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T) 1743:1772 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 5 6 theme fatty 551:555 arg1 acids 557:561 anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids 525:561 anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids 525:561 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 7 theme Chemotaxonomic 416:429 arg1 features 431:438 Chemotaxonomic features 416:438 Chemotaxonomic features 416:438 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 11 8 theme analysis 1468:1475 arg1 results 1434:1440 the results 1430:1440 the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1430:1475 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 11 8 theme analysis 1468:1475 arg1 characteristics 1515:1529 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1481:1529 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1481:1529 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 7 9 theme genus 982:986 arg1 Microbacterium 988:1001 the genus Microbacterium 978:1001 the genus Microbacterium 978:1001 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the five isolates belonged to the genus Microbacterium and were closely related to Microbacterium halotolerans . 25678677 13 10 theme  =CFCC 1743:1748 arg1 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 13 10 theme  =CFCC 1743:1748 arg1 29152 1765:1769  =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152 1743:1769  =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T) 1743:1772 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 5 11 theme DNA 777:779 arg1 content 785:791 DNA G+C content 777:791 DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol% 777:809 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 11 12 theme Microbacterium 1616:1629 arg1 species 1595:1601 a novel species 1587:1601 a novel species of the genus Microbacterium 1587:1629 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 7 13 theme gene 914:917 arg1 data 928:931 gene sequence data 914:931 16S rRNA gene sequence data 905:931 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the five isolates belonged to the genus Microbacterium and were closely related to Microbacterium halotolerans . 25678677 5 14 theme acyl 762:765 arg1 type 767:770 cell-wall acyl type 752:770 cell-wall acyl type 752:770 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 15 theme polar 621:625 arg1 lipids 627:632 major polar lipids 615:632 major polar lipids (type strain) 615:646 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 15 theme polar 621:625 arg1 strain 640:645 type strain 635:645 type strain 635:645 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 7 16 theme 16S 905:907 arg1 rRNA 909:912 16S rRNA gene sequence data 905:931 16S rRNA gene sequence data 905:931 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the five isolates belonged to the genus Microbacterium and were closely related to Microbacterium halotolerans . 25678677 5 17 theme % 809:809 arg1 type 744:747 glycolyl type 735:747 glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type 735:770 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 17 theme % 809:809 arg1 acids 557:561 anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids 525:561 anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids 525:561 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 17 theme % 809:809 arg1 content 785:791 DNA G+C content 777:791 DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol% 777:809 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 17 theme % 809:809 arg1 iso- 516:519 iso- 516:519 iso- 516:519 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 17 theme % 809:809 arg1 ornithine 649:657 ornithine 649:657 ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain) 649:732 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 17 theme % 809:809 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 564:585 diphosphatidylglycerol 564:585 diphosphatidylglycerol 564:585 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 17 theme % 809:809 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 591:610 phosphatidylglycerol 591:610 phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain) 591:646 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 2 18 theme × 222:222 arg1 bark 237:240 Populus × euramericana bark 214:240 Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China 214:291 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 19 attach isolated 200:207 arg1 bark 237:240 Populus × euramericana bark 214:240 Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China 214:291 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 19 attach isolated 200:207 arg2 1C-4 161:164 1C-4 161:164 1C-4 161:164 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 19 attach isolated 200:207 arg2 strains 139:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 73:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 73:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 19 attach isolated 200:207 arg2 NHI3_6 167:172 NHI3_6 167:172 NHI3_6 167:172 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 19 attach isolated 200:207 arg2 10-107-8 148:155 10-107-8 148:155 10-107-8 148:155 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 19 attach isolated 200:207 arg2 3D-3 189:192 3D-3 189:192 3D-3 189:192 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 19 attach isolated 200:207 arg2 4107_1_2 175:182 4107_1_2 175:182 4107_1_2 175:182 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 10 20 theme isolates 1345:1352 arg1 relatedness 1321:1331 DNA-DNA relatedness 1313:1331 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) 1313:1386 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 7 21 dep rRNA 909:912 arg1 data 928:931 gene sequence data 914:931 16S rRNA gene sequence data 905:931 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the five isolates belonged to the genus Microbacterium and were closely related to Microbacterium halotolerans . 25678677 5 22 theme principal 666:674 arg1 acid 684:687 the principal diamino acid 662:687 the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain) 662:732 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 23 theme type 488:491 arg1 menaquinones 474:485 major menaquinones 468:485 major menaquinones (type strain) 468:499 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 23 theme type 488:491 arg1 strain 493:498 type strain 488:498 type strain 488:498 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 10 24 with relatedness 1321:1331 arg1 T 1385:1385 T 1385:1385 T 1385:1385 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 10 24 with relatedness 1321:1331 arg1 13013 1379:1383 M. halotolerans JCM 13013 1359:1383 M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) 1359:1386 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 0 25 theme Microbacterium 0:13 arg1 populi 15:20 Microbacterium populi 0:20 Microbacterium populi 0:20 Microbacterium populi sp. 25678677 9 26 theme 16S 1200:1202 arg1 similarity 1223:1232 less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1183:1232 less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names 1183:1310 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 25678677 10 27 theme JCM 1375:1377 arg1 T 1385:1385 T 1385:1385 T 1385:1385 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 10 27 theme JCM 1375:1377 arg1 13013 1379:1383 M. halotolerans JCM 13013 1359:1383 M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) 1359:1386 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 5 28 theme glycolyl 735:742 arg1 type 744:747 glycolyl type 735:747 glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type 735:770 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 9 29 theme gene 1209:1212 arg1 similarity 1223:1232 less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1183:1232 less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names 1183:1310 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 25678677 10 30 theme M. 1359:1360 arg1 T 1385:1385 T 1385:1385 T 1385:1385 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 10 30 theme M. 1359:1360 arg1 13013 1379:1383 M. halotolerans JCM 13013 1359:1383 M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) 1359:1386 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 5 31 theme peptidoglycan 706:718 arg1 acid 684:687 the principal diamino acid 662:687 the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain) 662:732 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 9 32 dep % 1198:1198 arg1 96.20 1193:1197 96.20 1193:1197 96.20 1193:1197 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 25678677 5 33 theme type 721:724 arg1 peptidoglycan 706:718 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 692:718 the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain) 692:732 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 33 theme type 721:724 arg1 strain 726:731 type strain 721:731 type strain 721:731 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 2 34 theme PR 284:285 arg1 China 287:291 PR China 284:291 PR China 284:291 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 34 theme PR 284:285 arg1 City 262:265 City 262:265 City 262:265 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 12 35 theme Microbacterium 1675:1688 arg1 name 1637:1640 The name 1633:1640 The name proposed for the five strains 1633:1670 The name proposed for the five strains is Microbacterium populi sp. 25678677 12 35 theme Microbacterium 1675:1688 arg1 sp 1697:1698 Microbacterium populi sp 1675:1698 Microbacterium populi sp 1675:1698 The name proposed for the five strains is Microbacterium populi sp. 25678677 0 36 dep sp 22:23 arg1 populi 15:20 Microbacterium populi 0:20 Microbacterium populi 0:20 Microbacterium populi sp. 25678677 11 37 theme sequence 1459:1466 arg1 analysis 1468:1475 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1445:1475 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1445:1475 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 11 38 theme physiological 1485:1497 arg1 characteristics 1515:1529 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1481:1529 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1481:1529 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 11 39 theme rRNA 1449:1452 arg1 analysis 1468:1475 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1445:1475 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1445:1475 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 9 40 theme Microbacterium 1268:1281 arg1 species 1247:1253 the other species 1237:1253 the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names 1237:1310 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 25678677 2 41 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 3D-3 189:192 3D-3 189:192 3D-3 189:192 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 41 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 NHI3_6 167:172 NHI3_6 167:172 NHI3_6 167:172 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 41 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 10-107-8 148:155 10-107-8 148:155 10-107-8 148:155 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 41 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 4107_1_2 175:182 4107_1_2 175:182 4107_1_2 175:182 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 41 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 strains 139:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 73:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 73:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 41 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 1C-4 161:164 1C-4 161:164 1C-4 161:164 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 13 42 theme T 1756:1756 arg1 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 13 42 theme T 1756:1756 arg1 29152 1765:1769  =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152 1743:1769  =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T) 1743:1772 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 8 43 theme high 1063:1066 arg1 similarity 1091:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1061:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) 1061:1142 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) was observed. 25678677 4 44 theme optimum 341:347 arg1 temperature 349:359 The optimum temperature 337:359 The optimum temperature 337:359 The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 30 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. 25678677 4 44 theme optimum 341:347 arg1 °C 387:388 30 °C 384:388 30 °C 384:388 The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 30 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. 25678677 10 45 theme 44.36 1410:1414 arg1 % 1405:1405 % 1405:1405 % 1405:1405 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 5 46 theme cellular 542:549 arg1 acids 557:561 anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids 525:561 anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids 525:561 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 13 47 theme  =KCTC 1758:1763 arg1 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 13 47 theme  =KCTC 1758:1763 arg1 29152 1765:1769  =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152 1743:1769  =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T) 1743:1772 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 8 48 theme rRNA 1072:1075 arg1 similarity 1091:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1061:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) 1061:1142 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) was observed. 25678677 11 49 theme biochemical 1503:1513 arg1 characteristics 1515:1529 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1481:1529 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1481:1529 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 8 50 theme sequence 1082:1089 arg1 similarity 1091:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1061:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) 1061:1142 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) was observed. 25678677 6 51 theme genus 870:874 arg1 Microbacterium 876:889 the genus Microbacterium 866:889 the genus Microbacterium 866:889 These features were consistent with classification in the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 5 52 theme type 635:638 arg1 lipids 627:632 major polar lipids 615:632 major polar lipids (type strain) 615:646 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 52 theme type 635:638 arg1 strain 640:645 type strain 635:645 type strain 635:645 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 13 53 theme 11275 1750:1754 arg1 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 13 53 theme 11275 1750:1754 arg1 29152 1765:1769  =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152 1743:1769  =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T) 1743:1772 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 6 54 with consistent 832:841 arg1 classification 848:861 classification 848:861 classification in the genus Microbacterium 848:889 These features were consistent with classification in the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 5 55 theme cell-wall 752:760 arg1 type 767:770 cell-wall acyl type 752:770 cell-wall acyl type 752:770 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 8 56 theme % 1110:1110 arg1 similarity 1091:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1061:1100 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) 1061:1142 A high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.97% to M. halotolerans YIM 70130(T) was observed. 25678677 2 57 theme aerobic 97:103 arg1 3D-3 189:192 3D-3 189:192 3D-3 189:192 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 57 theme aerobic 97:103 arg1 NHI3_6 167:172 NHI3_6 167:172 NHI3_6 167:172 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 57 theme aerobic 97:103 arg1 10-107-8 148:155 10-107-8 148:155 10-107-8 148:155 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 57 theme aerobic 97:103 arg1 4107_1_2 175:182 4107_1_2 175:182 4107_1_2 175:182 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 57 theme aerobic 97:103 arg1 strains 139:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 73:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 73:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 57 theme aerobic 97:103 arg1 1C-4 161:164 1C-4 161:164 1C-4 161:164 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 5 58 theme major 615:619 arg1 lipids 627:632 major polar lipids 615:632 major polar lipids (type strain) 615:646 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 58 theme major 615:619 arg1 strain 640:645 type strain 635:645 type strain 635:645 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 7 59 theme sequence 919:926 arg1 data 928:931 gene sequence data 914:931 16S rRNA gene sequence data 905:931 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the five isolates belonged to the genus Microbacterium and were closely related to Microbacterium halotolerans . 25678677 5 60 theme mol 806:808 arg1 % 809:809 66.8-67.6 mol% 796:809 66.8-67.6 mol% 796:809 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 2 61 theme non-spore-forming 78:94 arg1 3D-3 189:192 3D-3 189:192 3D-3 189:192 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 61 theme non-spore-forming 78:94 arg1 NHI3_6 167:172 NHI3_6 167:172 NHI3_6 167:172 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 61 theme non-spore-forming 78:94 arg1 10-107-8 148:155 10-107-8 148:155 10-107-8 148:155 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 61 theme non-spore-forming 78:94 arg1 4107_1_2 175:182 4107_1_2 175:182 4107_1_2 175:182 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 61 theme non-spore-forming 78:94 arg1 strains 139:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 73:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 73:145 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 2 61 theme non-spore-forming 78:94 arg1 1C-4 161:164 1C-4 161:164 1C-4 161:164 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 10 62 dep % 1405:1405 arg1 to 1407:1408 to 1407:1408 to 1407:1408 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 2 63 theme euramericana 224:235 arg1 bark 237:240 Populus × euramericana bark 214:240 Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China 214:291 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 7 64 theme rRNA 909:912 arg1 Analysis 893:900 Analysis 893:900 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data 893:931 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the five isolates belonged to the genus Microbacterium and were closely related to Microbacterium halotolerans . 25678677 11 65 theme novel 1589:1593 arg1 species 1595:1601 a novel species 1587:1601 a novel species of the genus Microbacterium 1587:1629 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 5 66 theme diamino 676:682 arg1 acid 684:687 the principal diamino acid 662:687 the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain) 662:732 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 2 67 theme Populus 214:220 arg1 bark 237:240 Populus × euramericana bark 214:240 Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China 214:291 Five non-spore-forming, aerobic and Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, 10-107-8(T), 1C-4, NHI3_6, 4107_1_2, and 3D-3, were isolated from Populus × euramericana bark collected in Puyang City, Henan Province, PR China. 25678677 5 68 theme G+C 781:783 arg1 content 785:791 DNA G+C content 777:791 DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol% 777:809 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 10 69 theme DNA-DNA 1313:1319 arg1 relatedness 1321:1331 DNA-DNA relatedness 1313:1331 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) 1313:1386 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 13 70 theme type 1715:1718 arg1 10-107-8 1730:1737 10-107-8 1730:1737 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)) 1730:1773 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 13 70 theme type 1715:1718 arg1 strain 1720:1725 the type strain 1711:1725 the type strain 1711:1725 nov., and the type strain is 10-107-8(T) ( =CFCC 11275(T) =KCTC 29152(T)). 25678677 11 71 theme genus 1610:1614 arg1 Microbacterium 1616:1629 the genus Microbacterium 1606:1629 the genus Microbacterium 1606:1629 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 10 72 dep M. 1359:1360 arg1 halotolerans 1362:1373 halotolerans 1362:1373 halotolerans 1362:1373 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 1 73 theme Populus×euramericana 46:65 arg1 bark 67:70 Populus×euramericana bark 46:70 Populus×euramericana bark 46:70 nov., isolated from Populus×euramericana bark. 25678677 5 74 theme anteiso-branched 525:540 arg1 acids 557:561 anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids 525:561 anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids 525:561 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 9 75 dep similarity 1223:1232 arg1 % 1198:1198 % 1198:1198 % 1198:1198 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 25678677 9 76 theme rRNA 1204:1207 arg1 similarity 1223:1232 less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1183:1232 less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names 1183:1310 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 25678677 6 77 from classification 848:861 arg1 Microbacterium 876:889 the genus Microbacterium 866:889 the genus Microbacterium 866:889 These features were consistent with classification in the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 5 78 theme cell-wall 696:704 arg1 peptidoglycan 706:718 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 692:718 the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain) 692:732 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 5 78 theme cell-wall 696:704 arg1 strain 726:731 type strain 721:731 type strain 721:731 Chemotaxonomic features included MK-10 and MK-11 as major menaquinones (type strain); predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids (type strain); ornithine as the principal diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan (type strain); glycolyl type as cell-wall acyl type; and DNA G+C content of 66.8-67.6 mol%. 25678677 9 79 theme sequence 1214:1221 arg1 similarity 1223:1232 less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1183:1232 less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names 1183:1310 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 25678677 7 80 theme Microbacterium 1031:1044 arg1 halotolerans 1046:1057 Microbacterium halotolerans 1031:1057 Microbacterium halotolerans 1031:1057 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the five isolates belonged to the genus Microbacterium and were closely related to Microbacterium halotolerans . 25678677 9 81 theme other 1241:1245 arg1 species 1247:1253 the other species 1237:1253 the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names 1237:1310 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 25678677 12 82 theme populi 1690:1695 arg1 name 1637:1640 The name 1633:1640 The name proposed for the five strains 1633:1670 The name proposed for the five strains is Microbacterium populi sp. 25678677 12 82 theme populi 1690:1695 arg1 sp 1697:1698 Microbacterium populi sp 1675:1698 Microbacterium populi sp 1675:1698 The name proposed for the five strains is Microbacterium populi sp. 25678677 9 83 with species 1247:1253 arg1 names 1306:1310 validly published names 1288:1310 validly published names 1288:1310 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 25678677 11 84 theme gene 1454:1457 arg1 analysis 1468:1475 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1445:1475 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1445:1475 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 10 85 theme 35.62 1400:1404 arg1 % 1405:1405 % 1405:1405 % 1405:1405 DNA-DNA relatedness of the five isolates with M. halotolerans JCM 13013(T) ranged from 35.62% to 44.36%. 25678677 11 86 theme 16S 1445:1447 arg1 analysis 1468:1475 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1445:1475 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1445:1475 Considering the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the physiological and biochemical characteristics, we propose that the five strains should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Microbacterium . 25678677 9 87 theme genus 1262:1266 arg1 Microbacterium 1268:1281 the genus Microbacterium 1258:1281 the genus Microbacterium 1258:1281 The five isolates showed less than 96.20% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other species of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. 27347800 3 0 theme lignin 602:607 arg1 reduction 589:597 a significant reduction 575:597 a significant reduction 575:597 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 3 1 theme significant 577:587 arg1 reduction 589:597 a significant reduction 575:597 a significant reduction 575:597 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 0 2 theme substrate 170:178 arg1 characteristics 147:161 the physical and chemical characteristics 121:161 the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate 121:178 Ozonolysis combined with ultrasound as a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate. 27347800 0 2 theme substrate 170:178 arg1 saccharification 100:115 the enzymatic saccharification 86:115 the enzymatic saccharification 86:115 Ozonolysis combined with ultrasound as a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate. 27347800 4 3 theme increased 787:795 arg1 stability 805:813 an increased thermal stability 784:813 an increased thermal stability 784:813 Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed an increased thermal stability in the treated sample due to the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment. 27347800 1 4 theme ozone 239:243 arg1 O 256:256 O 256:256 O 256:256 Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was treated in three stages using ozone oxidation (O), washing in an alkaline medium (B) and ultrasonic irradiation (U). 27347800 1 4 theme ozone 239:243 arg1 oxidation 245:253 ozone oxidation 239:253 ozone oxidation (O) 239:257 Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was treated in three stages using ozone oxidation (O), washing in an alkaline medium (B) and ultrasonic irradiation (U). 27347800 5 5 theme cellulose 1045:1053 arg1 % 1036:1036 94% 1034:1036 94% of the cellulose available 1034:1063 This pretreatment released 391mg glucose/g from treated SCB after the enzymatic hydrolysis, corresponding to a yield of 94% of the cellulose available. 27347800 5 5 theme cellulose 1045:1053 arg1 cellulose 1045:1053 the cellulose 1041:1053 the cellulose available 1041:1063 This pretreatment released 391mg glucose/g from treated SCB after the enzymatic hydrolysis, corresponding to a yield of 94% of the cellulose available. 27347800 4 6 theme thermal 797:803 arg1 stability 805:813 an increased thermal stability 784:813 an increased thermal stability 784:813 Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed an increased thermal stability in the treated sample due to the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment. 27347800 1 7 theme ultrasonic 298:307 arg1 irradiation 309:319 ultrasonic irradiation 298:319 ultrasonic irradiation (U) 298:323 Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was treated in three stages using ozone oxidation (O), washing in an alkaline medium (B) and ultrasonic irradiation (U). 27347800 1 7 theme ultrasonic 298:307 arg1 U 322:322 U 322:322 U 322:322 Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was treated in three stages using ozone oxidation (O), washing in an alkaline medium (B) and ultrasonic irradiation (U). 27347800 2 8 theme thermogravimetric 494:510 arg1 TGA/DTG 522:528 TGA/DTG 522:528 TGA/DTG 522:528 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB was evaluated by its chemical composition, using an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR), and using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). 27347800 2 8 theme thermogravimetric 494:510 arg1 analysis 512:519 thermogravimetric analysis 494:519 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) 494:529 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB was evaluated by its chemical composition, using an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR), and using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). 27347800 0 9 theme enzymatic 90:98 arg1 saccharification 100:115 the enzymatic saccharification 86:115 the enzymatic saccharification 86:115 Ozonolysis combined with ultrasound as a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate. 27347800 3 10 theme hemicellulose 613:625 arg1 reduction 589:597 a significant reduction 575:597 a significant reduction 575:597 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 2 11 theme chemical 422:429 arg1 composition 431:441 its chemical composition 418:441 its chemical composition 418:441 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB was evaluated by its chemical composition, using an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR), and using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). 27347800 1 12 theme Sugarcane 181:189 arg1 SCB 200:202 SCB 200:202 SCB 200:202 Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was treated in three stages using ozone oxidation (O), washing in an alkaline medium (B) and ultrasonic irradiation (U). 27347800 1 12 theme Sugarcane 181:189 arg1 bagasse 191:197 Sugarcane bagasse 181:197 Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) 181:203 Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was treated in three stages using ozone oxidation (O), washing in an alkaline medium (B) and ultrasonic irradiation (U). 27347800 2 13 theme physical 371:378 arg1 structure 380:388 the physical structure 367:388 the physical structure of the SCB 367:399 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB was evaluated by its chemical composition, using an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR), and using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). 27347800 3 14 from changes 651:657 arg1 bands 677:681 the absorption bands 662:681 the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds 662:714 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 4 15 theme due 837:839 arg1 sample 830:835 the treated sample 818:835 the treated sample due to the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment 818:911 Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed an increased thermal stability in the treated sample due to the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment. 27347800 2 16 theme stage 358:362 arg1 impact 330:335 The impact 326:335 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB 326:399 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB was evaluated by its chemical composition, using an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR), and using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). 27347800 0 17 from Effect 76:81 arg1 characteristics 147:161 the physical and chemical characteristics 121:161 the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate 121:178 Ozonolysis combined with ultrasound as a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate. 27347800 0 17 from Effect 76:81 arg1 saccharification 100:115 the enzymatic saccharification 86:115 the enzymatic saccharification 86:115 Ozonolysis combined with ultrasound as a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate. 27347800 2 18 theme pretreatment 345:356 arg1 stage 358:362 each pretreatment stage 340:362 each pretreatment stage 340:362 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB was evaluated by its chemical composition, using an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR), and using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). 27347800 5 19 theme 391mg 941:945 arg1 glucose/g 947:955 391mg glucose/g 941:955 391mg glucose/g 941:955 This pretreatment released 391mg glucose/g from treated SCB after the enzymatic hydrolysis, corresponding to a yield of 94% of the cellulose available. 27347800 2 20 theme SCB 397:399 arg1 structure 380:388 the physical structure 367:388 the physical structure of the SCB 367:399 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB was evaluated by its chemical composition, using an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR), and using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). 27347800 3 21 theme absorption 666:675 arg1 bands 677:681 the absorption bands 662:681 the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds 662:714 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 0 22 theme physical 125:132 arg1 characteristics 147:161 the physical and chemical characteristics 121:161 the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate 121:178 Ozonolysis combined with ultrasound as a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate. 27347800 3 23 theme sequence 549:556 arg1 U 564:564 U 564:564 U 564:564 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 3 23 theme sequence 549:556 arg1 B 561:561 B 561:561 B 561:561 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 3 23 theme sequence 549:556 arg1 O 558:558 sequence O 549:558 sequence O 549:558 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 3 24 dep pretreatment 536:547 arg1 U 564:564 U 564:564 U 564:564 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 3 24 dep pretreatment 536:547 arg1 B 561:561 B 561:561 B 561:561 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 3 24 dep pretreatment 536:547 arg1 O 558:558 sequence O 549:558 sequence O 549:558 The pretreatment sequence O, B, U provided a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose, which was confirmed by changes in the absorption bands corresponding to these compounds, when observed using infrared. 27347800 5 25 theme available 1055:1063 arg1 cellulose 1045:1053 the cellulose 1041:1053 the cellulose available 1041:1063 This pretreatment released 391mg glucose/g from treated SCB after the enzymatic hydrolysis, corresponding to a yield of 94% of the cellulose available. 27347800 4 26 theme extractives 877:887 arg1 removal 848:854 the removal 844:854 the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment 844:911 Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed an increased thermal stability in the treated sample due to the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment. 27347800 4 27 theme Thermogravimetric 747:763 arg1 analysis 765:772 Thermogravimetric analysis 747:772 Thermogravimetric analysis 747:772 Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed an increased thermal stability in the treated sample due to the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment. 27347800 2 28 theme infrared 453:460 arg1 FTIR-ATR 473:480 FTIR-ATR 473:480 FTIR-ATR 473:480 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB was evaluated by its chemical composition, using an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR), and using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). 27347800 2 28 theme infrared 453:460 arg1 technique 462:470 an infrared technique 450:470 an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR) 450:481 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB was evaluated by its chemical composition, using an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR), and using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). 27347800 1 29 theme alkaline 274:281 arg1 B 291:291 B 291:291 B 291:291 Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was treated in three stages using ozone oxidation (O), washing in an alkaline medium (B) and ultrasonic irradiation (U). 27347800 1 29 theme alkaline 274:281 arg1 medium 283:288 an alkaline medium 271:288 an alkaline medium (B) 271:292 Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was treated in three stages using ozone oxidation (O), washing in an alkaline medium (B) and ultrasonic irradiation (U). 27347800 0 30 theme chemical 138:145 arg1 characteristics 147:161 the physical and chemical characteristics 121:161 the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate 121:178 Ozonolysis combined with ultrasound as a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate. 27347800 5 31 theme treated 962:968 arg1 SCB 970:972 treated SCB 962:972 treated SCB 962:972 This pretreatment released 391mg glucose/g from treated SCB after the enzymatic hydrolysis, corresponding to a yield of 94% of the cellulose available. 27347800 2 32 from impact 330:335 arg1 structure 380:388 the physical structure 367:388 the physical structure of the SCB 367:399 The impact of each pretreatment stage on the physical structure of the SCB was evaluated by its chemical composition, using an infrared technique (FTIR-ATR), and using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). 27347800 4 33 theme treated 822:828 arg1 sample 830:835 the treated sample 818:835 the treated sample due to the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment 818:911 Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed an increased thermal stability in the treated sample due to the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment. 27347800 0 34 theme bagasse 67:73 arg1 pretreatment 41:52 a pretreatment 39:52 a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse 39:73 Ozonolysis combined with ultrasound as a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate. 27347800 5 35 theme enzymatic 984:992 arg1 hydrolysis 994:1003 the enzymatic hydrolysis 980:1003 the enzymatic hydrolysis 980:1003 This pretreatment released 391mg glucose/g from treated SCB after the enzymatic hydrolysis, corresponding to a yield of 94% of the cellulose available. 27347800 0 36 dep combined 11:18 arg1 Effect 76:81 Effect 76:81 Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate 76:178 Ozonolysis combined with ultrasound as a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate. 27347800 0 37 theme sugarcane 57:65 arg1 bagasse 67:73 sugarcane bagasse 57:73 sugarcane bagasse 57:73 Ozonolysis combined with ultrasound as a pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: Effect on the enzymatic saccharification and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate. 27347800 5 38 theme % 1036:1036 arg1 yield 1025:1029 a yield 1023:1029 a yield of 94% of the cellulose available 1023:1063 This pretreatment released 391mg glucose/g from treated SCB after the enzymatic hydrolysis, corresponding to a yield of 94% of the cellulose available. 27347800 4 39 theme hemicellulose 859:871 arg1 removal 848:854 the removal 844:854 the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment 844:911 Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed an increased thermal stability in the treated sample due to the removal of hemicellulose and extractives during the pretreatment. 25380797 9 0 theme community 1528:1536 arg1 profiles 1538:1545 the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles 1475:1545 the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota 1475:1571 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 10 1 theme bacterial 1602:1610 arg1 community 1612:1620 the bacterial community 1598:1620 the bacterial community 1598:1620 However, alterations of the bacterial community were not uniformly between gut locations, demonstrating that functionality of feed additives is site specific. 25380797 2 2 theme inulin 245:250 arg1 Effects 221:227 Effects 221:227 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations 221:363 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 5 3 theme fed 824:826 arg1 animals 828:834 the pro- and synbiotic fed animals 801:834 the pro- and synbiotic fed animals 801:834 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 9 4 theme porcine 1554:1560 arg1 microbiota 1562:1571 the porcine microbiota 1550:1571 the porcine microbiota 1550:1571 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 6 5 theme gut 1073:1075 arg1 microbiota 1077:1086 the gut microbiota 1069:1086 the gut microbiota 1069:1086 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that all three additives could reduce Escherichia species in each gut location, indicating a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. 25380797 2 6 theme probiotic 234:242 arg1 inulin 245:250 inulin 245:250 inulin 245:250 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 7 theme combination 263:273 arg1 Effects 221:227 Effects 221:227 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations 221:363 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 6 8 theme beneficial 1048:1057 arg1 effect 1059:1064 a potential beneficial effect 1036:1064 a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota 1036:1086 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that all three additives could reduce Escherichia species in each gut location, indicating a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. 25380797 0 9 theme different 82:90 arg1 locations 103:111 different intestinal locations 82:111 different intestinal locations 82:111 Impact of a probiotic, inulin, or their combination on the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations. 25380797 8 10 theme bifidobacterial 1338:1352 arg1 numbers 1354:1360 bifidobacterial numbers 1338:1360 bifidobacterial numbers in the ileum 1338:1373 Furthermore, real-time PCR results showed that the probiotic and synbiotic increased bifidobacterial numbers in the ileum, which was supported by sequencing results. 25380797 10 11 theme additives 1705:1713 arg1 functionality 1683:1695 functionality 1683:1695 functionality of feed additives 1683:1713 However, alterations of the bacterial community were not uniformly between gut locations, demonstrating that functionality of feed additives is site specific. 25380797 5 12 theme microbiota 739:748 arg1 profiles 750:757 the DGGE microbiota profiles 730:757 the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon 730:781 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 11 13 theme healthy 1848:1854 arg1 microbiota 1860:1869 a healthy gut microbiota 1846:1869 a healthy gut microbiota 1846:1869 Therefore, gut sampling from various locations is crucial when investigations aim to identify the composition of a healthy gut microbiota after its manipulation through feed additives. 25380797 7 14 theme pigs 1247:1250 arg1 ileum 1224:1228 the ileum 1220:1228 the ileum of probiotic fed pigs 1220:1250 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 3 15 theme gut 578:580 arg1 locations 582:590 all three gut locations 568:590 all three gut locations 568:590 Bacterial diversity assessed by DGGE and/or pyrosequencing was increased by inulin in all three gut locations and by the synbiotic in the caecum and colon. 25380797 6 16 theme gene 916:919 arg1 pyrosequencing 921:934 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing 907:934 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing 907:934 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that all three additives could reduce Escherichia species in each gut location, indicating a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. 25380797 7 17 theme probiotic 1233:1241 arg1 pigs 1247:1250 probiotic fed pigs 1233:1250 probiotic fed pigs 1233:1250 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 5 18 from Shifts 720:725 arg1 profiles 750:757 the DGGE microbiota profiles 730:757 the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon 730:781 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 5 19 theme pro- 805:808 arg1 animals 828:834 the pro- and synbiotic fed animals 801:834 the pro- and synbiotic fed animals 801:834 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 6 20 theme 16S 907:909 arg1 rRNA 911:914 16S rRNA 907:914 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing 907:934 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that all three additives could reduce Escherichia species in each gut location, indicating a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. 25380797 5 21 theme synbiotic 814:822 arg1 animals 828:834 the pro- and synbiotic fed animals 801:834 the pro- and synbiotic fed animals 801:834 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 0 22 from Impact 0:5 arg1 microbiota 68:77 the piglets' microbiota 55:77 the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations 55:111 Impact of a probiotic, inulin, or their combination on the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations. 25380797 11 23 from locations 1770:1778 arg1 sampling 1748:1755 gut sampling 1744:1755 gut sampling from various locations 1744:1778 Therefore, gut sampling from various locations is crucial when investigations aim to identify the composition of a healthy gut microbiota after its manipulation through feed additives. 25380797 7 24 theme relative 1104:1111 arg1 abundance 1113:1121 relative abundance 1104:1121 relative abundance of Clostridiaceae 1104:1139 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 10 25 theme gut 1649:1651 arg1 locations 1653:1661 gut locations 1649:1661 gut locations 1649:1661 However, alterations of the bacterial community were not uniformly between gut locations, demonstrating that functionality of feed additives is site specific. 25380797 4 26 from diversity 696:704 arg1 ileum 713:717 the ileum 709:717 the ileum 709:717 In contrast, the probiotic did only affect the microbiota diversity in the ileum. 25380797 2 27 theme intestinal 344:353 arg1 locations 355:363 different intestinal locations 334:363 different intestinal locations 334:363 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 9 28 theme different 1448:1456 arg1 extents 1458:1464 different extents 1448:1464 different extents 1448:1464 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 0 29 theme combination 40:50 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of a probiotic, inulin, or their combination on the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations. 0:112 Impact of a probiotic, inulin, or their combination on the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations. 25380797 9 30 dep probiotic 1423:1431 arg1 The 1419:1421 The 1419:1421 The 1419:1421 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 5 31 theme DGGE 734:737 arg1 profiles 750:757 the DGGE microbiota profiles 730:757 the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon 730:781 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 2 32 from Effects 221:227 arg1 composition 319:329 composition 319:329 composition 319:329 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 32 from Effects 221:227 arg1 diversity 305:313 microbial diversity 295:313 microbial diversity 295:313 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 33 theme gradient 396:403 arg1 DGGE 426:429 DGGE 426:429 DGGE 426:429 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 33 theme gradient 396:403 arg1 electrophoresis 409:423 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 385:423 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 385:430 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 33 theme gradient 396:403 arg1 PCR 443:445 real-time PCR 433:445 real-time PCR 433:445 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 33 theme gradient 396:403 arg1 rRNA 456:459 16S rRNA 452:459 16S rRNA 452:459 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 5 34 dep detected 788:795 arg1 whereas 837:843 whereas 837:843 whereas 837:843 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 6 35 from effect 1059:1064 arg1 microbiota 1077:1086 the gut microbiota 1069:1086 the gut microbiota 1069:1086 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that all three additives could reduce Escherichia species in each gut location, indicating a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. 25380797 5 36 theme colon 777:781 arg1 profiles 750:757 the DGGE microbiota profiles 730:757 the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon 730:781 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 9 37 theme abundance 1499:1507 arg1 profiles 1538:1545 the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles 1475:1545 the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota 1475:1571 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 7 38 theme inulin 1181:1186 arg1 group 1188:1192 the inulin group 1177:1192 the inulin group 1177:1192 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 1 39 used used 141:144 arg2 additives 127:135 Natural feed additives 114:135 Natural feed additives 114:135 Natural feed additives are used to maintain health and to promote performance of pigs without antibiotics. 25380797 11 40 theme various 1762:1768 arg1 locations 1770:1778 various locations 1762:1778 various locations 1762:1778 Therefore, gut sampling from various locations is crucial when investigations aim to identify the composition of a healthy gut microbiota after its manipulation through feed additives. 25380797 10 41 theme community 1612:1620 arg1 alterations 1583:1593 alterations 1583:1593 alterations of the bacterial community 1583:1620 However, alterations of the bacterial community were not uniformly between gut locations, demonstrating that functionality of feed additives is site specific. 25380797 3 42 theme Bacterial 482:490 arg1 diversity 492:500 Bacterial diversity 482:500 Bacterial diversity assessed by DGGE and/or pyrosequencing 482:539 Bacterial diversity assessed by DGGE and/or pyrosequencing was increased by inulin in all three gut locations and by the synbiotic in the caecum and colon. 25380797 9 43 theme phylotypes 1512:1521 arg1 diversity 1479:1487 diversity 1479:1487 diversity 1479:1487 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 9 43 theme phylotypes 1512:1521 arg1 abundance 1499:1507 relative abundance 1490:1507 relative abundance of phylotypes 1490:1521 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 9 43 theme phylotypes 1512:1521 arg1 community 1528:1536 community 1528:1536 community 1528:1536 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 1 44 theme feed 122:125 arg1 additives 127:135 Natural feed additives 114:135 Natural feed additives 114:135 Natural feed additives are used to maintain health and to promote performance of pigs without antibiotics. 25380797 0 45 from locations 103:111 arg1 microbiota 68:77 the piglets' microbiota 55:77 the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations 55:111 Impact of a probiotic, inulin, or their combination on the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations. 25380797 3 46 from synbiotic 603:611 arg1 colon 631:635 colon 631:635 colon 631:635 Bacterial diversity assessed by DGGE and/or pyrosequencing was increased by inulin in all three gut locations and by the synbiotic in the caecum and colon. 25380797 3 46 from synbiotic 603:611 arg1 caecum 620:625 caecum 620:625 caecum 620:625 Bacterial diversity assessed by DGGE and/or pyrosequencing was increased by inulin in all three gut locations and by the synbiotic in the caecum and colon. 25380797 6 47 from species 995:1001 arg1 location 1015:1022 each gut location 1006:1022 each gut location 1006:1022 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that all three additives could reduce Escherichia species in each gut location, indicating a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. 25380797 8 48 from numbers 1354:1360 arg1 ileum 1369:1373 the ileum 1365:1373 the ileum 1365:1373 Furthermore, real-time PCR results showed that the probiotic and synbiotic increased bifidobacterial numbers in the ileum, which was supported by sequencing results. 25380797 2 49 theme microbial 295:303 arg1 diversity 305:313 microbial diversity 295:313 microbial diversity 295:313 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 7 50 theme large 1148:1152 arg1 intestine 1154:1162 the large intestine 1144:1162 the large intestine 1144:1162 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 11 51 theme feed 1902:1905 arg1 additives 1907:1915 feed additives 1902:1915 feed additives 1902:1915 Therefore, gut sampling from various locations is crucial when investigations aim to identify the composition of a healthy gut microbiota after its manipulation through feed additives. 25380797 8 52 dep PCR 1276:1278 arg1 results 1280:1286 results 1280:1286 results 1280:1286 Furthermore, real-time PCR results showed that the probiotic and synbiotic increased bifidobacterial numbers in the ileum, which was supported by sequencing results. 25380797 9 53 theme microbiota 1562:1571 arg1 profiles 1538:1545 the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles 1475:1545 the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota 1475:1571 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 0 54 theme intestinal 92:101 arg1 locations 103:111 different intestinal locations 82:111 different intestinal locations 82:111 Impact of a probiotic, inulin, or their combination on the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations. 25380797 6 55 theme potential 1038:1046 arg1 effect 1059:1064 a potential beneficial effect 1036:1064 a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota 1036:1086 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that all three additives could reduce Escherichia species in each gut location, indicating a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. 25380797 11 56 theme gut 1856:1858 arg1 microbiota 1860:1869 a healthy gut microbiota 1846:1869 a healthy gut microbiota 1846:1869 Therefore, gut sampling from various locations is crucial when investigations aim to identify the composition of a healthy gut microbiota after its manipulation through feed additives. 25380797 5 57 theme caecum 766:771 arg1 profiles 750:757 the DGGE microbiota profiles 730:757 the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon 730:781 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 10 58 theme feed 1700:1703 arg1 additives 1705:1713 feed additives 1700:1713 feed additives 1700:1713 However, alterations of the bacterial community were not uniformly between gut locations, demonstrating that functionality of feed additives is site specific. 25380797 8 59 dep increased 1328:1336 arg1 supported 1386:1394 supported 1386:1394 was supported by sequencing results 1382:1416 Furthermore, real-time PCR results showed that the probiotic and synbiotic increased bifidobacterial numbers in the ileum, which was supported by sequencing results. 25380797 8 60 theme sequencing 1399:1408 arg1 results 1410:1416 sequencing results 1399:1416 sequencing results 1399:1416 Furthermore, real-time PCR results showed that the probiotic and synbiotic increased bifidobacterial numbers in the ileum, which was supported by sequencing results. 25380797 7 61 theme Clostridiaceae 1126:1139 arg1 abundance 1113:1121 relative abundance 1104:1121 relative abundance of Clostridiaceae 1104:1139 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 1 62 theme Natural 114:120 arg1 additives 127:135 Natural feed additives 114:135 Natural feed additives 114:135 Natural feed additives are used to maintain health and to promote performance of pigs without antibiotics. 25380797 6 63 theme rRNA 911:914 arg1 pyrosequencing 921:934 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing 907:934 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing 907:934 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that all three additives could reduce Escherichia species in each gut location, indicating a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. 25380797 7 64 theme fed 1243:1245 arg1 pigs 1247:1250 probiotic fed pigs 1233:1250 probiotic fed pigs 1233:1250 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 7 65 theme abundance 1113:1121 arg1 increase 1092:1099 An increase 1089:1099 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine 1089:1162 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 2 66 theme real-time 433:441 arg1 electrophoresis 409:423 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 385:423 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 385:430 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 66 theme real-time 433:441 arg1 PCR 443:445 real-time PCR 433:445 real-time PCR 433:445 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 67 dep inulin 245:250 arg1 a 232:232 a 232:232 a 232:232 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 68 theme gene 461:464 arg1 pyrosequencing 466:479 gene pyrosequencing 461:479 gene pyrosequencing 461:479 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 4 69 theme microbiota 685:694 arg1 diversity 696:704 the microbiota diversity 681:704 the microbiota diversity in the ileum 681:717 In contrast, the probiotic did only affect the microbiota diversity in the ileum. 25380797 6 70 theme Escherichia 983:993 arg1 species 995:1001 Escherichia species 983:1001 Escherichia species in each gut location 983:1022 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that all three additives could reduce Escherichia species in each gut location, indicating a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. 25380797 2 71 theme 16S 452:454 arg1 rRNA 456:459 16S rRNA 452:459 16S rRNA 452:459 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 71 theme 16S 452:454 arg1 electrophoresis 409:423 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 385:423 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 385:430 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 72 dep diversity 305:313 arg1 the 291:293 the 291:293 the 291:293 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 73 theme different 334:342 arg1 locations 355:363 different intestinal locations 334:363 different intestinal locations 334:363 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 7 74 located found 1168:1172 arg1 group 1188:1192 the inulin group 1177:1192 the inulin group 1177:1192 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 7 74 located found 1168:1172 arg1 ileum 1224:1228 the ileum 1220:1228 the ileum of probiotic fed pigs 1220:1250 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 7 74 located found 1168:1172 arg2 increase 1092:1099 An increase 1089:1099 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine 1089:1162 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 5 75 theme inulin 845:850 arg1 profiles 852:859 inulin profiles 845:859 inulin profiles 845:859 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 2 76 theme gel 405:407 arg1 DGGE 426:429 DGGE 426:429 DGGE 426:429 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 76 theme gel 405:407 arg1 electrophoresis 409:423 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 385:423 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 385:430 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 76 theme gel 405:407 arg1 PCR 443:445 real-time PCR 433:445 real-time PCR 433:445 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 76 theme gel 405:407 arg1 rRNA 456:459 16S rRNA 452:459 16S rRNA 452:459 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 7 77 from increase 1092:1099 arg1 intestine 1154:1162 the large intestine 1144:1162 the large intestine 1144:1162 An increase of relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the large intestine was found in the inulin group and of Enterococcaceae in the ileum of probiotic fed pigs. 25380797 0 78 theme probiotic 12:20 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of a probiotic, inulin, or their combination on the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations. 0:112 Impact of a probiotic, inulin, or their combination on the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations. 25380797 2 79 theme denaturing 385:394 arg1 DGGE 426:429 DGGE 426:429 DGGE 426:429 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 79 theme denaturing 385:394 arg1 electrophoresis 409:423 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 385:423 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 385:430 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 79 theme denaturing 385:394 arg1 PCR 443:445 real-time PCR 433:445 real-time PCR 433:445 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 79 theme denaturing 385:394 arg1 rRNA 456:459 16S rRNA 452:459 16S rRNA 452:459 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 8 80 theme real-time 1266:1274 arg1 PCR 1276:1278 real-time PCR results 1266:1286 real-time PCR results 1266:1286 Furthermore, real-time PCR results showed that the probiotic and synbiotic increased bifidobacterial numbers in the ileum, which was supported by sequencing results. 25380797 0 81 theme inulin 23:28 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of a probiotic, inulin, or their combination on the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations. 0:112 Impact of a probiotic, inulin, or their combination on the piglets' microbiota at different intestinal locations. 25380797 9 82 theme diversity 1479:1487 arg1 profiles 1538:1545 the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles 1475:1545 the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota 1475:1571 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 2 83 dep PCR 443:445 arg1 pyrosequencing 466:479 gene pyrosequencing 461:479 gene pyrosequencing 461:479 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 9 84 theme relative 1490:1497 arg1 abundance 1499:1507 relative abundance 1490:1507 relative abundance of phylotypes 1490:1521 The probiotic and inulin, to different extents, changed the diversity, relative abundance of phylotypes, and community profiles of the porcine microbiota. 25380797 11 85 theme microbiota 1860:1869 arg1 composition 1831:1841 the composition 1827:1841 the composition of a healthy gut microbiota after its manipulation through feed additives 1827:1915 Therefore, gut sampling from various locations is crucial when investigations aim to identify the composition of a healthy gut microbiota after its manipulation through feed additives. 25380797 11 86 theme gut 1744:1746 arg1 sampling 1748:1755 gut sampling 1744:1755 gut sampling from various locations 1744:1778 Therefore, gut sampling from various locations is crucial when investigations aim to identify the composition of a healthy gut microbiota after its manipulation through feed additives. 25380797 1 87 theme pigs 195:198 arg1 performance 180:190 performance 180:190 performance of pigs without antibiotics 180:218 Natural feed additives are used to maintain health and to promote performance of pigs without antibiotics. 25380797 5 88 theme control 898:904 arg1 ones 886:889 the ones 882:889 the ones of the control 882:904 Shifts in the DGGE microbiota profiles of the caecum and colon were detected for the pro- and synbiotic fed animals, whereas inulin profiles were more similar to the ones of the control. 25380797 2 89 from locations 355:363 arg1 composition 319:329 composition 319:329 composition 319:329 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 2 89 from locations 355:363 arg1 diversity 305:313 microbial diversity 295:313 microbial diversity 295:313 Effects of a probiotic, inulin, and their combination (synbiotic), on the microbial diversity and composition at different intestinal locations were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. 25380797 6 90 theme gut 1011:1013 arg1 location 1015:1022 each gut location 1006:1022 each gut location 1006:1022 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that all three additives could reduce Escherichia species in each gut location, indicating a potential beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. 28438092 4 0 theme glucose 863:869 arg1 oxidase 871:877 (5) glucose oxidase 859:877 (5) glucose oxidase 859:877 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 1 dep methylation-saponification 781:806 arg1 remove 812:817 remove 812:817 to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues 809:852 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 1 dep methylation-saponification 781:806 arg1 4 778:778 4 778:778 4 778:778 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 2 2 theme lectin 311:316 arg1 histochemistry 318:331 lectin histochemistry 311:331 lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells 311:409 The aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. 28438092 3 3 from moieties 464:471 arg1 mammals 476:482 mammals 476:482 mammals 476:482 We used lectins recognizing the most frequent sugar moieties in mammals. 28438092 7 4 theme DBA 1390:1392 arg1 role 1382:1385 The role 1378:1385 The role of DBA as a marker of parietal cells previously reported 1378:1442 The role of DBA as a marker of parietal cells previously reported should be taken with caution because these cells showed different reactivity for the lectin, ranging from negative to strong labeling. 28438092 5 5 theme Helix 991:995 arg1 pomatia 997:1003 Helix pomatia 991:1003 Helix pomatia 991:1003 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 6 6 theme parietal 1280:1287 arg1 cells 1289:1293 parietal cells 1280:1293 parietal cells 1280:1293 This difference supports that parietal cells undergo a maturation/degeneration process while the cells descend along the gland. 28438092 1 7 theme gastric 234:240 arg1 gland 242:246 the gastric gland 230:246 the gastric gland 230:246 Parietal cells undergo a differentiation process while they move from the isthmus toward the pits and the base region of the gastric gland. 28438092 0 8 theme Gastric 93:99 arg1 Glands 101:106 the Rat Gastric Glands 85:106 the Rat Gastric Glands 85:106 Characterization by Lectin Histochemistry of Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Glands. 28438092 5 9 from Dolichos 1006:1013 arg1 lectins 978:984 The lectins 974:984 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium 974:1159 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 1 10 theme gland 242:246 arg1 region 220:225 the base region 211:225 the base region of the gastric gland 211:246 Parietal cells undergo a differentiation process while they move from the isthmus toward the pits and the base region of the gastric gland. 28438092 1 10 theme gland 242:246 arg1 pits 202:205 the pits 198:205 the pits 198:205 Parietal cells undergo a differentiation process while they move from the isthmus toward the pits and the base region of the gastric gland. 28438092 0 11 theme Rat 89:91 arg1 Glands 101:106 the Rat Gastric Glands 85:106 the Rat Gastric Glands 85:106 Characterization by Lectin Histochemistry of Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Glands. 28438092 4 12 dep oxidase 871:877 arg1 5 860:860 5 860:860 5 860:860 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 13 theme terminal 746:753 arg1 moieties 767:774 terminal sialic acid moieties 746:774 terminal sialic acid moieties 746:774 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 14 theme lectin 913:918 arg1 A 933:933 the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid 909:971 the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid 909:971 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 3 15 theme sugar 458:462 arg1 moieties 464:471 the most frequent sugar moieties 440:471 the most frequent sugar moieties in mammals 440:482 We used lectins recognizing the most frequent sugar moieties in mammals. 28438092 5 16 theme Datura 1143:1148 arg1 stramonium 1150:1159 Datura stramonium 1143:1159 Datura stramonium 1143:1159 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 4 17 dep F 680:680 arg1 remove 686:691 remove 686:691 to remove N-linked glycans 683:708 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 5 18 dep Dolichos 1006:1013 arg1 biflorus 1015:1022 biflorus 1015:1022 biflorus 1015:1022 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 4 19 theme N-linked 693:700 arg1 glycans 702:708 N-linked glycans 693:708 N-linked glycans 693:708 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 7 20 theme different 1500:1508 arg1 reactivity 1510:1519 different reactivity 1500:1519 different reactivity for the lectin 1500:1534 The role of DBA as a marker of parietal cells previously reported should be taken with caution because these cells showed different reactivity for the lectin, ranging from negative to strong labeling. 28438092 5 21 from expression 1187:1196 arg1 cells 1214:1218 the parietal cells 1201:1218 the parietal cells 1201:1218 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 5 22 theme max 1039:1041 arg1 soybean 1044:1050 Glycine max (soybean) 1031:1051 Glycine max (soybean) 1031:1051 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 4 23 theme acid 762:765 arg1 moieties 767:774 terminal sialic acid moieties 746:774 terminal sialic acid moieties 746:774 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 5 24 from simplicifolia 1110:1122 arg1 lectins 978:984 The lectins 974:984 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium 974:1159 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 4 25 theme Peptide-N-glycosidase 658:678 arg1 F 680:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 6 26 theme maturation/degeneration 1305:1327 arg1 process 1329:1335 a maturation/degeneration process 1303:1335 a maturation/degeneration process 1303:1335 This difference supports that parietal cells undergo a maturation/degeneration process while the cells descend along the gland. 28438092 2 27 theme lower 384:388 arg1 cells 405:409 upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells 366:409 upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells 366:409 The aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. 28438092 4 28 theme sialic 755:760 arg1 moieties 767:774 terminal sialic acid moieties 746:774 terminal sialic acid moieties 746:774 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 5 29 theme gastric 1235:1241 arg1 gland 1243:1247 the gastric gland 1231:1247 the gastric gland 1231:1247 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 5 30 theme lectin 1125:1130 arg1 simplicifolia 1110:1122 Bandeiraea simplicifolia 1099:1122 Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4) 1099:1136 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 5 30 theme lectin 1125:1130 arg1 I-B4 1132:1135 lectin I-B4 1125:1135 lectin I-B4 1125:1135 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 4 31 theme sulfate 819:825 arg1 groups 827:832 sulfate groups 819:832 sulfate groups 819:832 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 32 with combination 522:532 arg1 F 680:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 32 with combination 522:532 arg1 pretreatments 563:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 33 link O-linked 611:618 arg1 oligosaccharides 620:635 O-linked oligosaccharides 611:635 O-linked oligosaccharides 611:635 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 0 34 theme Lectin 20:25 arg1 Histochemistry 27:40 Lectin Histochemistry 20:40 Lectin Histochemistry of Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Glands 20:106 Characterization by Lectin Histochemistry of Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Glands. 28438092 5 35 theme Glycine 1031:1037 arg1 soybean 1044:1050 Glycine max (soybean) 1031:1051 Glycine max (soybean) 1031:1051 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 5 36 from hypogaea 1080:1087 arg1 lectins 978:984 The lectins 974:984 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium 974:1159 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 2 37 theme work 265:268 arg1 aim 253:255 The aim 249:255 The aim of this work 249:268 The aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. 28438092 4 38 with methylation-saponification 781:806 arg1 F 680:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 38 with methylation-saponification 781:806 arg1 pretreatments 563:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 39 theme O-linked 611:618 arg1 oligosaccharides 620:635 O-linked oligosaccharides 611:635 O-linked oligosaccharides 611:635 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 5 40 from pomatia 997:1003 arg1 lectins 978:984 The lectins 974:984 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium 974:1159 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 4 41 link N-linked 693:700 arg1 glycans 702:708 N-linked glycans 693:708 N-linked glycans 693:708 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 42 with hydrolysis 720:729 arg1 F 680:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 42 with hydrolysis 720:729 arg1 pretreatments 563:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 2 43 dep upper 366:370 arg1 old 391:393 old 391:393 old 391:393 The aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. 28438092 2 43 dep upper 366:370 arg1 young 373:377 young 373:377 young 373:377 The aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. 28438092 2 44 theme upper 366:370 arg1 cells 405:409 upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells 366:409 upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells 366:409 The aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. 28438092 2 45 theme parietal 396:403 arg1 cells 405:409 upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells 366:409 upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells 366:409 The aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. 28438092 5 46 from soybean 1044:1050 arg1 lectins 978:984 The lectins 974:984 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium 974:1159 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 4 47 with β-elimination 582:594 arg1 F 680:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 47 with β-elimination 582:594 arg1 pretreatments 563:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 48 theme acid 715:718 arg1 hydrolysis 720:729 (3) acid hydrolysis 711:729 (3) acid hydrolysis 711:729 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 7 49 theme parietal 1409:1416 arg1 cells 1418:1422 parietal cells 1409:1422 parietal cells previously reported 1409:1442 The role of DBA as a marker of parietal cells previously reported should be taken with caution because these cells showed different reactivity for the lectin, ranging from negative to strong labeling. 28438092 5 50 theme Arachis 1072:1078 arg1 peanut 1090:1095 peanut 1090:1095 peanut 1090:1095 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 5 50 theme Arachis 1072:1078 arg1 hypogaea 1080:1087 Arachis hypogaea 1072:1087 Arachis hypogaea (peanut) 1072:1096 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 1 51 theme Parietal 109:116 arg1 cells 118:122 Parietal cells 109:122 Parietal cells 109:122 Parietal cells undergo a differentiation process while they move from the isthmus toward the pits and the base region of the gastric gland. 28438092 0 52 theme Subpopulations 49:62 arg1 Histochemistry 27:40 Lectin Histochemistry 20:40 Lectin Histochemistry of Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Glands 20:106 Characterization by Lectin Histochemistry of Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Glands. 28438092 7 53 theme cells 1418:1422 arg1 marker 1399:1404 a marker 1397:1404 a marker of parietal cells previously reported 1397:1442 The role of DBA as a marker of parietal cells previously reported should be taken with caution because these cells showed different reactivity for the lectin, ranging from negative to strong labeling. 28438092 4 54 with incubation 642:651 arg1 F 680:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 54 with incubation 642:651 arg1 pretreatments 563:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 3 55 used used 415:418 arg2 We 412:413 We 412:413 We 412:413 We used lectins recognizing the most frequent sugar moieties in mammals. 28438092 5 56 theme parietal 1205:1212 arg1 cells 1214:1218 the parietal cells 1201:1218 the parietal cells 1201:1218 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 2 57 theme gastric 293:299 arg1 glands 301:306 the rat gastric glands 285:306 the rat gastric glands 285:306 The aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. 28438092 7 58 theme strong 1562:1567 arg1 labeling 1569:1576 strong labeling 1562:1576 strong labeling 1562:1576 The role of DBA as a marker of parietal cells previously reported should be taken with caution because these cells showed different reactivity for the lectin, ranging from negative to strong labeling. 28438092 4 59 with oxidase 871:877 arg1 F 680:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Peptide-N-glycosidase F 658:680 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 59 with oxidase 871:877 arg1 pretreatments 563:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 5 60 from stramonium 1150:1159 arg1 lectins 978:984 The lectins 974:984 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium 974:1159 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 4 61 dep incubation 642:651 arg1 2 639:639 2 639:639 2 639:639 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 2 62 theme rat 289:291 arg1 glands 301:306 the rat gastric glands 285:306 the rat gastric glands 285:306 The aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. 28438092 5 63 theme Bandeiraea 1099:1108 arg1 simplicifolia 1110:1122 Bandeiraea simplicifolia 1099:1122 Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4) 1099:1136 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 5 63 theme Bandeiraea 1099:1108 arg1 I-B4 1132:1135 lectin I-B4 1125:1135 lectin I-B4 1125:1135 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 5 64 from pomifera 1062:1069 arg1 lectins 978:984 The lectins 974:984 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium 974:1159 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 4 65 dep hydrolysis 720:729 arg1 3 712:712 3 712:712 3 712:712 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 66 theme gluconic 959:966 arg1 acid 968:971 gluconic acid 959:971 gluconic acid 959:971 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 1 67 theme base 215:218 arg1 region 220:225 the base region 211:225 the base region of the gastric gland 211:246 Parietal cells undergo a differentiation process while they move from the isthmus toward the pits and the base region of the gastric gland. 28438092 0 68 theme Cells 76:80 arg1 Subpopulations 49:62 Two Subpopulations 45:62 Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells 45:80 Characterization by Lectin Histochemistry of Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Glands. 28438092 4 69 dep β-elimination 582:594 arg1 1 579:579 1 579:579 1 579:579 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 5 70 theme different 1170:1178 arg1 expression 1187:1196 a different glycan expression 1168:1196 a different glycan expression in the parietal cells 1168:1218 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 1 71 theme differentiation 134:148 arg1 process 150:156 a differentiation process 132:156 a differentiation process 132:156 Parietal cells undergo a differentiation process while they move from the isthmus toward the pits and the base region of the gastric gland. 28438092 4 72 theme deglycosylation 547:561 arg1 pretreatments 563:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 0 73 theme Parietal 67:74 arg1 Cells 76:80 Parietal Cells 67:80 Parietal Cells 67:80 Characterization by Lectin Histochemistry of Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Glands. 28438092 0 74 from Histochemistry 27:40 arg1 Glands 101:106 the Rat Gastric Glands 85:106 the Rat Gastric Glands 85:106 Characterization by Lectin Histochemistry of Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Glands. 28438092 4 75 theme several 539:545 arg1 pretreatments 563:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 several deglycosylation pretreatments 539:575 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 5 76 theme glycan 1180:1185 arg1 expression 1187:1196 a different glycan expression 1168:1196 a different glycan expression in the parietal cells 1168:1218 The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. 28438092 3 77 theme frequent 449:456 arg1 moieties 464:471 the most frequent sugar moieties 440:471 the most frequent sugar moieties in mammals 440:482 We used lectins recognizing the most frequent sugar moieties in mammals. 28438092 4 78 theme concanavalin 920:931 arg1 A 933:933 the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid 909:971 the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid 909:971 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 28438092 4 79 theme sugar 839:843 arg1 residues 845:852 sugar residues 839:852 sugar residues 839:852 Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. 25038627 2 0 theme monocyte 330:337 arg1 stimulation 353:363 human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation 324:363 human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation 324:363 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 1 theme fish 721:724 arg1 oils 726:729 soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils 693:729 oils 726:729 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 1 theme fish 721:724 arg1 emulsions 461:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions 428:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils) 428:730 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 2 contain containing 656:665 arg1 emulsions 461:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions 428:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils) 428:730 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 2 contain containing 656:665 arg2 LCT 667:669 LCT 667:669 LCT 667:669 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 2 contain containing 656:665 arg1 ® 483:483 ® 483:483 ® 483:483 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 2 contain containing 656:665 arg1 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid(®) 472:484 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 1 3 theme acute 261:265 arg1 inflammation 276:287 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation 228:287 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation 228:287 The aim of this study was to assess how lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition affect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation in vitro. 25038627 6 4 dep increased 1078:1086 arg1 and 1099:1101 and 1099:1101 and 1099:1101 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 25038627 10 5 theme deleterious 1696:1706 arg1 effects 1708:1714 deleterious effects 1696:1714 deleterious effects 1696:1714 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 7 6 theme emulsion 1361:1368 arg1 challenge 1370:1378 lipid emulsion challenge 1355:1378 lipid emulsion challenge 1355:1378 The monocytes differentially incorporated fatty acids after lipid emulsion challenge. 25038627 9 7 theme monocyte 1625:1632 arg1 composition 1634:1644 monocyte composition 1625:1644 monocyte composition 1625:1644 Our data suggest that lipid emulsions differentially alter cell viability, monocyte composition and thereby microparticle release. 25038627 2 8 theme 18 302:303 arg1 h 305:305 h 305:305 h 305:305 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 9 theme soybean 693:699 arg1 oils 726:729 soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils 693:729 oils 726:729 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 9 theme soybean 693:699 arg1 emulsions 461:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions 428:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils) 428:730 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 0 10 theme cell 124:127 arg1 viability 129:137 cell viability 124:137 cell viability 124:137 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 5 11 theme prothrombinase 993:1006 arg1 assay 1008:1012 prothrombinase assay 993:1012 prothrombinase assay 993:1012 Microparticles released in supernatant were measured by prothrombinase assay. 25038627 9 12 theme microparticle 1658:1670 arg1 release 1672:1678 microparticle release 1658:1678 microparticle release 1658:1678 Our data suggest that lipid emulsions differentially alter cell viability, monocyte composition and thereby microparticle release. 25038627 1 13 theme parenteral 200:209 arg1 nutrition 211:219 parenteral nutrition 200:219 parenteral nutrition 200:219 The aim of this study was to assess how lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition affect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation in vitro. 25038627 10 14 theme nutrition 1747:1755 arg1 emulsion 1757:1764 parenteral nutrition emulsion 1736:1764 parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT 1736:1779 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 2 15 contain containing 558:567 arg2 oil 632:634 MCT--coconut oil 619:634 MCT--coconut oil 619:634 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 15 contain containing 558:567 arg1 Medialipid 543:552 Medialipid 543:552 Medialipid(®) 543:555 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 15 contain containing 558:567 arg1 ® 554:554 ® 554:554 ® 554:554 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 15 contain containing 558:567 arg2 triglycerides 604:616 medium-chain triglycerides 591:616 medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil) 591:635 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 15 contain containing 558:567 arg2 LCT 569:571 LCT 569:571 LCT (soybean oil) 569:585 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 15 contain containing 558:567 arg2 oil 582:584 soybean oil 574:584 soybean oil 574:584 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 3 16 theme Cell 733:736 arg1 viability 738:746 Cell viability 733:746 Cell viability 733:746 Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by Trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry respectively. 25038627 10 17 contain have 1834:1837 arg1 LCT 1784:1786 LCT 1784:1786 LCT 1784:1786 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 10 17 contain have 1834:1837 arg1 emulsion 1757:1764 parenteral nutrition emulsion 1736:1764 parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT 1736:1779 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 10 17 contain have 1834:1837 arg2 effect 1842:1847 no effect 1839:1847 no effect 1839:1847 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 6 18 theme microparticle 1129:1141 arg1 release 1143:1149 microparticle release 1129:1149 microparticle release 1129:1149 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 25038627 6 19 theme standard 1278:1285 arg1 medium 1287:1292 the standard medium 1274:1292 the standard medium 1274:1292 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 25038627 4 20 theme gas 898:900 arg1 chromatography 902:915 gas chromatography 898:915 gas chromatography 898:915 Monocyte composition and membrane remodeling were studied using gas chromatography and NR12S staining. 25038627 1 21 theme study 156:160 arg1 aim 144:146 The aim 140:146 The aim of this study 140:160 The aim of this study was to assess how lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition affect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation in vitro. 25038627 2 22 theme long-chain 498:507 arg1 triglycerides 509:521 long-chain triglycerides 498:521 long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil) 498:540 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 22 theme long-chain 498:507 arg1 oil 537:539 LCT--soybean oil 524:539 LCT--soybean oil 524:539 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 8 23 theme disrupted 1452:1460 arg1 order 1477:1481 disrupted membrane lipid order 1452:1481 disrupted membrane lipid order 1452:1481 Finally, lipid-treated cells displayed microparticles characterized by disrupted membrane lipid order, reflecting lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane. 25038627 2 24 theme medium-chain 591:602 arg1 triglycerides 604:616 medium-chain triglycerides 591:616 medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil) 591:635 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 24 theme medium-chain 591:602 arg1 oil 632:634 MCT--coconut oil 619:634 MCT--coconut oil 619:634 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 6 25 from monocytes 1261:1269 arg1 medium 1287:1292 the standard medium 1274:1292 the standard medium 1274:1292 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 25038627 3 26 theme blue 786:789 arg1 exclusion 791:799 Trypan blue exclusion 779:799 Trypan blue exclusion 779:799 Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by Trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry respectively. 25038627 2 27 theme industrial 444:453 arg1 omega-9 677:683 omega-9 677:683 omega-9 677:683 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 27 theme industrial 444:453 arg1 emulsions 461:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions 428:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils) 428:730 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 27 theme industrial 444:453 arg1 MCT 672:674 MCT 672:674 MCT 672:674 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 27 theme industrial 444:453 arg1 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid(®) 472:484 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 27 theme industrial 444:453 arg1 oils 726:729 soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils 693:729 oils 726:729 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 8 28 theme lipid 1471:1475 arg1 order 1477:1481 disrupted membrane lipid order 1452:1481 disrupted membrane lipid order 1452:1481 Finally, lipid-treated cells displayed microparticles characterized by disrupted membrane lipid order, reflecting lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane. 25038627 0 29 theme Lipid 0:4 arg1 emulsions 6:14 Lipid emulsions 0:14 Lipid emulsions 0:14 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 1 30 theme monocyte 267:274 arg1 inflammation 276:287 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation 228:287 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation 228:287 The aim of this study was to assess how lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition affect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation in vitro. 25038627 8 31 theme lipid-treated 1390:1402 arg1 cells 1404:1408 lipid-treated cells 1390:1408 lipid-treated cells 1390:1408 Finally, lipid-treated cells displayed microparticles characterized by disrupted membrane lipid order, reflecting lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane. 25038627 10 32 contain containing 1766:1775 arg2 LCT 1777:1779 LCT 1777:1779 LCT 1777:1779 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 10 32 contain containing 1766:1775 arg1 emulsion 1757:1764 parenteral nutrition emulsion 1736:1764 parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT 1736:1779 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 8 33 theme lipid 1495:1499 arg1 remodeling 1501:1510 lipid remodeling 1495:1510 lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane 1495:1547 Finally, lipid-treated cells displayed microparticles characterized by disrupted membrane lipid order, reflecting lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane. 25038627 10 34 theme n-3 1810:1812 arg1 acids 1828:1832 n-3 and n-9 fatty acids 1810:1832 acids 1828:1832 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 0 35 theme LPS-induced 38:48 arg1 inflammation 66:77 LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation 38:77 LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability 38:137 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 2 36 theme human 324:328 arg1 stimulation 353:363 human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation 324:363 human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation 324:363 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 0 37 theme monocytes 56:64 arg1 inflammation 66:77 LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation 38:77 LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability 38:137 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 8 38 theme parental 1519:1526 arg1 membrane 1540:1547 the parental cell plasma membrane 1515:1547 the parental cell plasma membrane 1515:1547 Finally, lipid-treated cells displayed microparticles characterized by disrupted membrane lipid order, reflecting lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane. 25038627 6 39 theme cellular 1041:1048 arg1 necrosis 1050:1057 cellular necrosis 1041:1057 cellular necrosis 1041:1057 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 25038627 8 40 theme plasma 1533:1538 arg1 membrane 1540:1547 the parental cell plasma membrane 1515:1547 the parental cell plasma membrane 1515:1547 Finally, lipid-treated cells displayed microparticles characterized by disrupted membrane lipid order, reflecting lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane. 25038627 10 41 theme n-9 1818:1820 arg1 acids 1828:1832 n-3 and n-9 fatty acids 1810:1832 acids 1828:1832 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 9 42 theme lipid 1572:1576 arg1 emulsions 1578:1586 lipid emulsions 1572:1586 lipid emulsions 1572:1586 Our data suggest that lipid emulsions differentially alter cell viability, monocyte composition and thereby microparticle release. 25038627 2 43 theme leukemia 339:346 arg1 stimulation 353:363 human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation 324:363 human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation 324:363 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 6 44 theme LPS 1021:1023 arg1 challenge 1025:1033 LPS challenge 1021:1033 LPS challenge 1021:1033 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 25038627 1 45 theme -induced 252:259 arg1 inflammation 276:287 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation 228:287 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation 228:287 The aim of this study was to assess how lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition affect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation in vitro. 25038627 10 46 theme parenteral 1736:1745 arg1 emulsion 1757:1764 parenteral nutrition emulsion 1736:1764 parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT 1736:1779 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 9 47 theme cell 1609:1612 arg1 viability 1614:1622 cell viability 1609:1622 cell viability 1609:1622 Our data suggest that lipid emulsions differentially alter cell viability, monocyte composition and thereby microparticle release. 25038627 2 48 theme lipid 455:459 arg1 omega-9 677:683 omega-9 677:683 omega-9 677:683 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 48 theme lipid 455:459 arg1 emulsions 461:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions 428:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils) 428:730 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 48 theme lipid 455:459 arg1 MCT 672:674 MCT 672:674 MCT 672:674 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 48 theme lipid 455:459 arg1 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid(®) 472:484 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 48 theme lipid 455:459 arg1 oils 726:729 soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils 693:729 oils 726:729 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 7 49 theme lipid 1355:1359 arg1 challenge 1370:1378 lipid emulsion challenge 1355:1378 lipid emulsion challenge 1355:1378 The monocytes differentially incorporated fatty acids after lipid emulsion challenge. 25038627 7 50 theme fatty 1337:1341 arg1 acids 1343:1347 fatty acids 1337:1347 fatty acids 1337:1347 The monocytes differentially incorporated fatty acids after lipid emulsion challenge. 25038627 10 51 theme cell 1870:1873 arg1 death 1875:1879 endotoxin-induced cell death 1852:1879 endotoxin-induced cell death 1852:1879 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 2 52 theme h 305:305 arg1 LPS 312:314 An 18 h long LPS 299:314 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation 299:363 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 53 theme soybean 574:580 arg1 LCT 569:571 LCT 569:571 LCT (soybean oil) 569:585 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 53 theme soybean 574:580 arg1 oil 582:584 soybean oil 574:584 soybean oil 574:584 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 1 54 theme lipid 180:184 arg1 emulsions 186:194 lipid emulsions 180:194 lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition 180:219 The aim of this study was to assess how lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition affect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute monocyte inflammation in vitro. 25038627 0 55 from effects 89:95 arg1 remodeling 109:118 membrane remodeling 100:118 membrane remodeling 100:118 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 0 55 from effects 89:95 arg1 viability 129:137 cell viability 124:137 cell viability 124:137 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 6 56 dep and 1099:1101 arg1 respectively 1111:1122 respectively 1111:1122 respectively 1111:1122 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 25038627 2 57 theme LCT--soybean 524:535 arg1 triglycerides 509:521 long-chain triglycerides 498:521 long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil) 498:540 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 57 theme LCT--soybean 524:535 arg1 oil 537:539 LCT--soybean oil 524:539 LCT--soybean oil 524:539 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 10 58 contain have 1691:1694 arg1 MCT 1687:1689 MCT 1687:1689 MCT 1687:1689 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 10 58 contain have 1691:1694 arg2 effects 1708:1714 deleterious effects 1696:1714 deleterious effects 1696:1714 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 0 59 theme in 80:81 arg1 effects 89:95 in vitro effects 80:95 LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability 38:137 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 6 60 dep enhanced 1155:1162 arg1 sevenfold 1165:1173 sevenfold 1165:1173 sevenfold 1165:1173 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 25038627 2 61 dep emulsions 461:469 arg1 -3 689:690 -3 689:690 -3 689:690 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 61 dep emulsions 461:469 arg1 ® 483:483 ® 483:483 ® 483:483 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 61 dep emulsions 461:469 arg1 MCT 672:674 MCT 672:674 MCT 672:674 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 61 dep emulsions 461:469 arg1 omega-9 677:683 omega-9 677:683 omega-9 677:683 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 61 dep emulsions 461:469 arg1 emulsions 461:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions 428:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils) 428:730 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 61 dep emulsions 461:469 arg1 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid(®) 472:484 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 3 62 theme Trypan 779:784 arg1 exclusion 791:799 Trypan blue exclusion 779:799 Trypan blue exclusion 779:799 Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by Trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry respectively. 25038627 2 63 theme MCT--coconut 619:630 arg1 triglycerides 604:616 medium-chain triglycerides 591:616 medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil) 591:635 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 63 theme MCT--coconut 619:630 arg1 oil 632:634 MCT--coconut oil 619:634 MCT--coconut oil 619:634 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 0 64 theme membrane 100:107 arg1 remodeling 109:118 membrane remodeling 100:118 membrane remodeling 100:118 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 8 65 theme membrane 1462:1469 arg1 order 1477:1481 disrupted membrane lipid order 1452:1481 disrupted membrane lipid order 1452:1481 Finally, lipid-treated cells displayed microparticles characterized by disrupted membrane lipid order, reflecting lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane. 25038627 3 66 theme flow 805:808 arg1 cytometry 810:818 flow cytometry 805:818 flow cytometry 805:818 Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by Trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry respectively. 25038627 4 67 theme membrane 859:866 arg1 remodeling 868:877 membrane remodeling 859:877 membrane remodeling 859:877 Monocyte composition and membrane remodeling were studied using gas chromatography and NR12S staining. 25038627 4 68 theme Monocyte 834:841 arg1 composition 843:853 Monocyte composition 834:853 Monocyte composition 834:853 Monocyte composition and membrane remodeling were studied using gas chromatography and NR12S staining. 25038627 2 69 theme different 434:442 arg1 omega-9 677:683 omega-9 677:683 omega-9 677:683 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 69 theme different 434:442 arg1 emulsions 461:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions 428:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils) 428:730 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 69 theme different 434:442 arg1 MCT 672:674 MCT 672:674 MCT 672:674 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 69 theme different 434:442 arg1 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid(®) 472:484 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 69 theme different 434:442 arg1 oils 726:729 soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils 693:729 oils 726:729 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 0 70 dep in 80:81 arg1 vitro 83:87 vitro 83:87 vitro 83:87 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 0 71 theme acute 50:54 arg1 inflammation 66:77 LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation 38:77 LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability 38:137 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 6 72 from SMOFlipid 1244:1252 arg1 medium 1287:1292 the standard medium 1274:1292 the standard medium 1274:1292 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 25038627 0 73 dep inflammation 66:77 arg1 effects 89:95 in vitro effects 80:95 LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability 38:137 Lipid emulsions differentially affect LPS-induced acute monocytes inflammation: in vitro effects on membrane remodeling and cell viability. 25038627 2 74 theme cell-growth 387:397 arg1 medium 399:404 the cell-growth medium 383:404 the cell-growth medium 383:404 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 4 75 theme NR12S 921:925 arg1 staining 927:934 NR12S staining 921:934 NR12S staining 921:934 Monocyte composition and membrane remodeling were studied using gas chromatography and NR12S staining. 25038627 8 76 theme cell 1528:1531 arg1 membrane 1540:1547 the parental cell plasma membrane 1515:1547 the parental cell plasma membrane 1515:1547 Finally, lipid-treated cells displayed microparticles characterized by disrupted membrane lipid order, reflecting lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane. 25038627 2 77 theme olive 711:715 arg1 oils 726:729 soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils 693:729 oils 726:729 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 77 theme olive 711:715 arg1 emulsions 461:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions 428:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils) 428:730 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 8 78 theme membrane 1540:1547 arg1 remodeling 1501:1510 lipid remodeling 1495:1510 lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane 1495:1547 Finally, lipid-treated cells displayed microparticles characterized by disrupted membrane lipid order, reflecting lipid remodeling of the parental cell plasma membrane. 25038627 10 79 theme fatty 1822:1826 arg1 acids 1828:1832 n-3 and n-9 fatty acids 1810:1832 acids 1828:1832 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 2 80 contain containing 487:496 arg2 SMOFlipid 642:650 SMOFlipid 642:650 SMOFlipid(®) 642:653 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 80 contain containing 487:496 arg2 oil 537:539 LCT--soybean oil 524:539 LCT--soybean oil 524:539 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 80 contain containing 487:496 arg2 ® 652:652 ® 652:652 ® 652:652 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 80 contain containing 487:496 arg1 ® 483:483 ® 483:483 ® 483:483 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 80 contain containing 487:496 arg2 triglycerides 509:521 long-chain triglycerides 498:521 long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil) 498:540 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 80 contain containing 487:496 arg2 Medialipid 543:552 Medialipid 543:552 Medialipid(®) 543:555 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 80 contain containing 487:496 arg1 emulsions 461:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions 428:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils) 428:730 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 80 contain containing 487:496 arg2 ® 554:554 ® 554:554 ® 554:554 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 80 contain containing 487:496 arg1 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid 472:481 Intralipid(®) 472:484 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 81 theme long 307:310 arg1 LPS 312:314 An 18 h long LPS 299:314 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation 299:363 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 82 theme coconut 702:708 arg1 oils 726:729 soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils 693:729 oils 726:729 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 2 82 theme coconut 702:708 arg1 emulsions 461:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions 428:469 three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils) 428:730 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 10 83 theme endotoxin-induced 1852:1868 arg1 death 1875:1879 endotoxin-induced cell death 1852:1879 endotoxin-induced cell death 1852:1879 While MCT have deleterious effects, we have shown that parenteral nutrition emulsion containing LCT or LCT and MCT associated to n-3 and n-9 fatty acids have no effect on endotoxin-induced cell death and inflammation. 25038627 2 84 theme cell 348:351 arg1 stimulation 353:363 human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation 324:363 human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation 324:363 An 18 h long LPS induced human monocyte leukemia cell stimulation was performed and the cell-growth medium was supplemented with three different industrial lipid emulsions: Intralipid(®), containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT--soybean oil); Medialipid(®), containing LCT (soybean oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT--coconut oil); and SMOFlipid(®), containing LCT, MCT, omega-9 and -3 (soybean, coconut, olive and fish oils). 25038627 6 85 with supplementation 1182:1196 arg1 ® 1214:1214 ® 1214:1214 ® 1214:1214 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 25038627 6 85 with supplementation 1182:1196 arg1 Medialipid 1203:1212 Medialipid 1203:1212 Medialipid(®) 1203:1215 After LPS challenge, both cellular necrosis and apoptosis were increased (threefold and twofold respectively) and microparticle release was enhanced (sevenfold) after supplementation with Medialipid(®) compared to Intralipid(®), SMOFlipid(®) and monocytes in the standard medium. 27373687 8 0 theme family 1335:1340 arg1 Planococcaceae 1342:1355 the family Planococcaceae 1331:1355 the family Planococcaceae 1331:1355 Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. 27373687 10 1 theme phylogenetic 1645:1656 arg1 characteristics 1658:1672 the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1610:1672 the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1610:1672 Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. 27373687 10 2 theme name 1758:1761 arg1 sp 1792:1793 the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp 1754:1793 the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp 1754:1793 Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. 27373687 2 3 theme Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 bacterium 152:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium 104:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium 104:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 10 4 theme above-mentioned 1614:1628 arg1 characteristics 1658:1672 the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1610:1672 the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1610:1672 Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. 27373687 7 5 theme 16S 1065:1067 arg1 rRNA 1069:1072 16S rRNA 1065:1072 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1065:1095 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 12 6 theme 59101T=JCM 1844:1853 arg1 13722T=NBRC106750T 1867:1884 =CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T 1838:1884 =CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T 1838:1884 The type strain is PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T). 27373687 12 6 theme 59101T=JCM 1844:1853 arg1 PU1T 1833:1836 PU1T 1833:1836 PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T) 1833:1885 The type strain is PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T). 27373687 2 7 theme novel 106:110 arg1 bacterium 152:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium 104:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium 104:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 2 8 theme sediment 207:214 arg1 sample 216:221 a sediment sample 205:221 a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E) 205:341 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 6 9 theme diamino 1000:1006 arg1 d-glucose 1038:1046 d-glucose 1038:1046 d-glucose 1038:1046 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 27373687 6 9 theme diamino 1000:1006 arg1 acid 1008:1011 the diamino acid 996:1011 the diamino acid 996:1011 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 27373687 6 9 theme diamino 1000:1006 arg1 sugars 1027:1032 cell-wall sugars 1017:1032 cell-wall sugars 1017:1032 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 27373687 4 10 theme fatty 586:590 arg1 acids 592:596 saturated fatty acids 576:596 saturated fatty acids (82.7 %) 576:605 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 10 theme fatty 586:590 arg1 % 604:604 82.7 % 599:604 82.7 % 599:604 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 6 11 contain contains 959:966 arg1 peptidoglycan 945:957 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 931:957 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 931:957 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 27373687 6 11 contain contains 959:966 arg2 acid 988:991 meso-diaminopimelic acid 968:991 meso-diaminopimelic acid 968:991 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 27373687 4 12 theme iso-C15  633:640 arg1 abundance 620:628 a high abundance 613:628 a high abundance of iso-C15  613:640 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 7 13 theme % 1311:1311 arg1 similarities 1292:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1269:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 % 1269:1311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 8 14 theme DNA-DNA 1396:1402 arg1 values 1416:1421 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1396:1421 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T 1396:1516 Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. 27373687 7 15 theme closest 1240:1246 arg1 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 7 15 theme closest 1240:1246 arg1 imtechense 1124:1133 Chryseomicrobium imtechense 1107:1133 Chryseomicrobium imtechense 1107:1133 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 7 15 theme closest 1240:1246 arg1 species 1256:1262 the closest related species 1236:1262 the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 % 1236:1311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 10 16 theme novel 1700:1704 arg1 species 1706:1712 a novel species 1698:1712 a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp 1698:1793 Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. 27373687 7 17 theme rRNA 1273:1276 arg1 similarities 1292:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1269:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 % 1269:1311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 2 18 attach isolated 191:198 arg2 bacterium 152:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium 104:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium 104:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 2 18 attach isolated 191:198 arg1 sample 216:221 a sediment sample 205:221 a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E) 205:341 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 10 19 theme Chryseomicrobium 1727:1742 arg1 species 1706:1712 a novel species 1698:1712 a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp 1698:1793 Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. 27373687 8 20 theme % 1389:1389 arg1 similarities 1370:1381 sequence similarities 1361:1381 sequence similarities of 99 % 1361:1389 Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. 27373687 7 21 theme gene 1278:1281 arg1 similarities 1292:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1269:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 % 1269:1311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 4 22 theme saturated 576:584 arg1 acids 592:596 saturated fatty acids 576:596 saturated fatty acids (82.7 %) 576:605 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 22 theme saturated 576:584 arg1 % 604:604 82.7 % 599:604 82.7 % 599:604 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 6 23 theme meso-diaminopimelic 968:986 arg1 acid 988:991 meso-diaminopimelic acid 968:991 meso-diaminopimelic acid 968:991 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 27373687 1 24 theme sediment 87:94 arg1 sample 96:101 a sediment sample 85:101 a sediment sample 85:101 nov., a haloalkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a sediment sample. 27373687 9 25 theme strain 1575:1580 arg1 PU1T 1582:1585 strain PU1T 1575:1585 strain PU1T 1575:1585 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T is 48.5 mol%. 27373687 7 26 with species 1256:1262 arg1 similarities 1292:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1269:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 % 1269:1311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 7 27 theme sequence 1283:1290 arg1 similarities 1292:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1269:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 % 1269:1311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 7 28 theme 16S 1269:1271 arg1 similarities 1292:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1269:1303 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 % 1269:1311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 8 29 contain had 1357:1359 arg1 members 1320:1326 Other members 1314:1326 Other members of the family Planococcaceae 1314:1355 Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. 27373687 8 29 contain had 1357:1359 arg2 similarities 1370:1381 sequence similarities 1361:1381 sequence similarities of 99 % 1361:1389 Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. 27373687 10 30 theme strain 1675:1680 arg1 PU1T 1682:1685 strain PU1T 1675:1685 strain PU1T 1675:1685 Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. 27373687 9 31 theme G+C 1553:1555 arg1 % 1598:1598 48.5 mol% 1590:1598 48.5 mol% 1590:1598 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T is 48.5 mol%. 27373687 9 31 theme G+C 1553:1555 arg1 content 1557:1563 The G+C content 1549:1563 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T 1549:1585 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T is 48.5 mol%. 27373687 10 32 theme phenotypic 1630:1639 arg1 characteristics 1658:1672 the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1610:1672 the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1610:1672 Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. 27373687 7 33 theme related 1248:1254 arg1 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 7 33 theme related 1248:1254 arg1 imtechense 1124:1133 Chryseomicrobium imtechense 1107:1133 Chryseomicrobium imtechense 1107:1133 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 7 33 theme related 1248:1254 arg1 species 1256:1262 the closest related species 1236:1262 the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 % 1236:1311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 8 34 theme relatedness 1404:1414 arg1 values 1416:1421 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1396:1421 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T 1396:1516 Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. 27373687 6 35 theme cell-wall 935:943 arg1 peptidoglycan 945:957 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 931:957 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 931:957 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 27373687 7 36 theme rRNA 1069:1072 arg1 analysis 1088:1095 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1065:1095 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1065:1095 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 3 37 theme strain 353:358 arg1 PU1T 360:363 strain PU1T 353:363 strain PU1T 353:363 Cells of strain PU1T are positive for catalase, oxidase, phosphatase, lipase and urease, and negative for gelatinase, amylase, protease, cellulase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase. 27373687 7 38 theme Chryseomicrobium 1107:1122 arg1 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 7 38 theme Chryseomicrobium 1107:1122 arg1 imtechense 1124:1133 Chryseomicrobium imtechense 1107:1133 Chryseomicrobium imtechense 1107:1133 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 7 38 theme Chryseomicrobium 1107:1122 arg1 species 1256:1262 the closest related species 1236:1262 the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 % 1236:1311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 2 39 theme strain 174:179 arg1 PU1T 181:184 strain PU1T 174:184 strain PU1T 174:184 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 3 40 theme PU1T 360:363 arg1 Cells 344:348 Cells 344:348 Cells of strain PU1T 344:363 Cells of strain PU1T are positive for catalase, oxidase, phosphatase, lipase and urease, and negative for gelatinase, amylase, protease, cellulase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase. 27373687 2 41 dep Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 motile 145:150 motile 145:150 motile 145:150 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 2 41 dep Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 shaped 137:142 shaped 137:142 shaped 137:142 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 9 42 theme DNA 1568:1570 arg1 % 1598:1598 48.5 mol% 1590:1598 48.5 mol% 1590:1598 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T is 48.5 mol%. 27373687 9 42 theme DNA 1568:1570 arg1 content 1557:1563 The G+C content 1549:1563 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T 1549:1585 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T is 48.5 mol%. 27373687 7 43 theme family 1180:1185 arg1 Planococcaceae 1187:1200 family Planococcaceae 1180:1200 family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes 1180:1229 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 3 44 theme ornithine 517:525 arg1 decarboxylase 527:539 ornithine decarboxylase 517:539 ornithine decarboxylase 517:539 Cells of strain PU1T are positive for catalase, oxidase, phosphatase, lipase and urease, and negative for gelatinase, amylase, protease, cellulase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase. 27373687 12 45 theme 16712T=KCTC 1855:1865 arg1 13722T=NBRC106750T 1867:1884 =CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T 1838:1884 =CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T 1838:1884 The type strain is PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T). 27373687 12 45 theme 16712T=KCTC 1855:1865 arg1 PU1T 1833:1836 PU1T 1833:1836 PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T) 1833:1885 The type strain is PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T). 27373687 10 46 theme Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense 1763:1790 arg1 sp 1792:1793 the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp 1754:1793 the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp 1754:1793 Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. 27373687 12 47 theme type 1818:1821 arg1 PU1T 1833:1836 PU1T 1833:1836 PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T) 1833:1885 The type strain is PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T). 27373687 12 47 theme type 1818:1821 arg1 strain 1823:1828 The type strain 1814:1828 The type strain 1814:1828 The type strain is PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T). 27373687 8 48 dep JC16T 1512:1516 arg1 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1483:1510 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1483:1510 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1483:1510 Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. 27373687 3 49 theme lysine 492:497 arg1 decarboxylase 499:511 lysine decarboxylase 492:511 lysine decarboxylase 492:511 Cells of strain PU1T are positive for catalase, oxidase, phosphatase, lipase and urease, and negative for gelatinase, amylase, protease, cellulase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase. 27373687 9 50 theme PU1T 1582:1585 arg1 DNA 1568:1570 DNA 1568:1570 DNA of strain PU1T 1568:1585 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T is 48.5 mol%. 27373687 4 51 dep  0 642:643 arg1  0 668:669  0 668:669  0 668:669 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 51 dep  0 642:643 arg1  0 743:744  0 743:744  0 743:744 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 51 dep  0 642:643 arg1 % 727:727 11.8 % 722:727 11.8 % 722:727 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 51 dep  0 642:643 arg1  0 689:690  0 689:690  0 689:690 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 51 dep  0 642:643 arg1 % 751:751 5.3 % 747:751 5.3 % 747:751 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 51 dep  0 642:643 arg1 % 676:676 7.3 % 672:676 7.3 % 672:676 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 51 dep  0 642:643 arg1 iso-C17  734:741 iso-C17  734:741 iso-C17  734:741 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 51 dep  0 642:643 arg1 % 698:698 11.9 % 693:698 11.9 % 693:698 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 51 dep  0 642:643 arg1 alcohol 713:719  1ω7c alcohol 707:719  1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) 707:728 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 8 52 theme Planococcaceae 1342:1355 arg1 members 1320:1326 Other members 1314:1326 Other members of the family Planococcaceae 1314:1355 Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. 27373687 5 53 theme major 789:793 arg1 quinone 807:813 the major respiratory quinone 785:813 the major respiratory quinone 785:813 Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. 27373687 5 53 theme major 789:793 arg1 MK-8 777:780 MK-8 777:780 MK-8 777:780 Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. 27373687 8 54 theme Other 1314:1318 arg1 members 1320:1326 Other members 1314:1326 Other members of the family Planococcaceae 1314:1355 Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. 27373687 7 55 theme Planococcaceae 1187:1200 arg1 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum 1139:1166 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 7 55 theme Planococcaceae 1187:1200 arg1 members 1169:1175 members 1169:1175 members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes 1169:1229 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 2 56 theme India 313:317 arg1 hostel 254:259 hostel 254:259 hostel 254:259 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 7 57 theme gene 1074:1077 arg1 analysis 1088:1095 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1065:1095 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1065:1095 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 4 58 theme  1ω7c 707:711 arg1 alcohol 713:719  1ω7c alcohol 707:719  1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) 707:728 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 58 theme  1ω7c 707:711 arg1 % 727:727 11.8 % 722:727 11.8 % 722:727 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 5 59 theme respiratory 795:805 arg1 quinone 807:813 the major respiratory quinone 785:813 the major respiratory quinone 785:813 Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. 27373687 5 59 theme respiratory 795:805 arg1 MK-8 777:780 MK-8 777:780 MK-8 777:780 Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. 27373687 7 60 theme phylum 1213:1218 arg1 Firmicutes 1220:1229 the phylum Firmicutes 1209:1229 the phylum Firmicutes 1209:1229 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 4 61 dep dominated 563:571 arg1  0 642:643  0 642:643  0 642:643 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 61 dep dominated 563:571 arg1 % 651:651 48.8 % 646:651 48.8 % 646:651 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 4 61 dep dominated 563:571 arg1 C16  702:705 C16  702:705 C16  702:705 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 7 62 theme sequence 1079:1086 arg1 analysis 1088:1095 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1065:1095 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1065:1095 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. 27373687 10 63 theme genus 1721:1725 arg1 Chryseomicrobium 1727:1742 the genus Chryseomicrobium 1717:1742 the genus Chryseomicrobium 1717:1742 Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. 27373687 6 64 theme cell-wall 1017:1025 arg1 d-glucose 1038:1046 d-glucose 1038:1046 d-glucose 1038:1046 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 27373687 6 64 theme cell-wall 1017:1025 arg1 acid 1008:1011 the diamino acid 996:1011 the diamino acid 996:1011 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 27373687 6 64 theme cell-wall 1017:1025 arg1 sugars 1027:1032 cell-wall sugars 1017:1032 cell-wall sugars 1017:1032 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 27373687 4 65 theme high 615:618 arg1 abundance 620:628 a high abundance 613:628 a high abundance of iso-C15  613:640 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 8 66 theme sequence 1361:1368 arg1 similarities 1370:1381 sequence similarities 1361:1381 sequence similarities of 99 % 1361:1389 Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. 27373687 5 67 theme Strain 755:760 arg1 PU1T 762:765 Strain PU1T 755:765 Strain PU1T 755:765 Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. 27373687 2 68 theme 77°58 331:335 arg1 India 313:317 India 313:317 India 313:317 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 2 68 theme 77°58 331:335 arg1 49″E 337:340 16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E 320:340 16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E 320:340 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 5 69 contain contained 767:775 arg2 MK-8 777:780 MK-8 777:780 MK-8 777:780 Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. 27373687 5 69 contain contained 767:775 arg1 PU1T 762:765 Strain PU1T 755:765 Strain PU1T 755:765 Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. 27373687 5 69 contain contained 767:775 arg2 quinone 807:813 the major respiratory quinone 785:813 the major respiratory quinone 785:813 Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. 27373687 4 70 theme fatty 546:550 arg1 acids 552:556 The fatty acids 542:556 The fatty acids 542:556 The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). 27373687 9 71 theme mol 1595:1597 arg1 % 1598:1598 48.5 mol% 1590:1598 48.5 mol% 1590:1598 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T is 48.5 mol%. 27373687 9 71 theme mol 1595:1597 arg1 content 1557:1563 The G+C content 1549:1563 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T 1549:1585 The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T is 48.5 mol%. 27373687 5 72 theme phospholipid 905:916 arg1 composition 918:928 the phospholipid composition 901:928 the phospholipid composition 901:928 Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. 27373687 1 73 theme haloalkalitolerant 42:59 arg1 bacterium 61:69 a haloalkalitolerant bacterium 40:69 a haloalkalitolerant bacterium 40:69 nov., a haloalkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a sediment sample. 27373687 1 73 theme haloalkalitolerant 42:59 arg1 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov., a haloalkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a sediment sample. 27373687 2 74 theme 23″N 326:329 arg1 India 313:317 India 313:317 India 313:317 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 2 74 theme 23″N 326:329 arg1 49″E 337:340 16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E 320:340 16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E 320:340 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). 27373687 12 75 theme =CCUG 1838:1842 arg1 13722T=NBRC106750T 1867:1884 =CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T 1838:1884 =CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T 1838:1884 The type strain is PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T). 27373687 12 75 theme =CCUG 1838:1842 arg1 PU1T 1833:1836 PU1T 1833:1836 PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T) 1833:1885 The type strain is PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T). 26065736 10 0 theme major 1002:1006 arg1 anteiso-C15 1034:1044 anteiso-C15 1034:1044 anteiso-C15 1034:1044 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26065736 10 0 theme major 1002:1006 arg1 acids 1023:1027 The major cellular fatty acids 998:1027 The major cellular fatty acids 998:1027 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26065736 2 1 dep Gram-stain-positive 69:87 arg1 rod-shaped 109:118 rod-shaped 109:118 rod-shaped 109:118 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 1ZS3-5(T), was isolated from rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China. 26065736 2 1 dep Gram-stain-positive 69:87 arg1 endospore-forming 90:106 endospore-forming 90:106 endospore-forming 90:106 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 1ZS3-5(T), was isolated from rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China. 26065736 8 2 theme predominant 872:882 arg1 MK-7 908:911 MK-7 908:911 MK-7 908:911 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. 26065736 8 2 theme predominant 872:882 arg1 quinone 896:902 The predominant respiratory quinone 868:902 The predominant respiratory quinone 868:902 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. 26065736 9 3 theme meso-diaminopimelic 972:990 arg1 acid 926:929 The diamino acid 914:929 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 914:966 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26065736 9 3 theme meso-diaminopimelic 972:990 arg1 acid 992:995 meso-diaminopimelic acid 972:995 meso-diaminopimelic acid 972:995 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26065736 10 4 theme cellular 1008:1015 arg1 anteiso-C15 1034:1044 anteiso-C15 1034:1044 anteiso-C15 1034:1044 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26065736 10 4 theme cellular 1008:1015 arg1 acids 1023:1027 The major cellular fatty acids 998:1027 The major cellular fatty acids 998:1027 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26065736 4 5 theme Paenibacillus 473:485 arg1 1.10966 504:510 Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966 473:510 Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively 473:564 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 4 5 theme Paenibacillus 473:485 arg1 T 512:512 T 512:512 T 512:512 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 11 6 theme genus 1164:1168 arg1 species 1149:1155 a novel species 1141:1155 a novel species 1141:1155 Based on these results, 1ZS3-5(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp. 26065736 4 7 theme rRNA 371:374 arg1 sequences 430:438 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences 363:438 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences 363:438 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 4 7 theme rRNA 371:374 arg1 related 453:459 related 453:459 related 453:459 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 4 8 dep rRNA 371:374 arg1 β-subunit 391:399 β-subunit 391:399 β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase 391:427 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 2 9 from rhizosphere 176:186 arg1 China 210:214 Hunan Province, PR China 191:214 China 210:214 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 1ZS3-5(T), was isolated from rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China. 26065736 11 10 theme novel 1143:1147 arg1 species 1149:1155 a novel species 1141:1155 a novel species 1141:1155 Based on these results, 1ZS3-5(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp. 26065736 4 11 theme 16S 367:369 arg1 rRNA 371:374 16S rRNA 367:374 16S rRNA 367:374 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 1 12 theme rice 49:52 arg1 rhizosphere 54:64 rice rhizosphere 49:64 rice rhizosphere 49:64 nov., isolated from rice rhizosphere. 26065736 3 13 theme phylogenetic 330:341 arg1 analysis 353:360 phylogenetic inference analysis 330:360 phylogenetic inference analysis 330:360 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis. 26065736 4 14 theme rpoB 380:383 arg1 gene 385:388 rpoB gene 380:388 rpoB gene 380:388 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 7 15 theme polar 721:725 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 739:760 diphosphatidylglycerol 739:760 diphosphatidylglycerol 739:760 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminophospholipid and unknown phospholipid. 26065736 7 15 theme polar 721:725 arg1 lipids 727:732 The major polar lipids 711:732 The major polar lipids 711:732 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminophospholipid and unknown phospholipid. 26065736 4 16 theme % 540:540 arg1 similarities 520:531 similarities 520:531 similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively 520:564 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 3 17 theme phenotypic 299:308 arg1 characteristics 310:324 phenotypic characteristics 299:324 phenotypic characteristics 299:324 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis. 26065736 13 18 theme = 1298:1298 arg1 T 1310:1310 T 1310:1310 T 1310:1310 The type strain is 1ZS3-5(T) ( = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322(T)). 26065736 13 18 theme = 1298:1298 arg1 29322 1304:1308  = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322 1281:1308  = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322(T) 1281:1311 The type strain is 1ZS3-5(T) ( = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322(T)). 26065736 13 18 theme = 1298:1298 arg1 1ZS3-5 1270:1275 1ZS3-5 1270:1275 1ZS3-5 1270:1275 The type strain is 1ZS3-5(T) ( = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322(T)). 26065736 3 19 theme characteristics 310:324 arg1 basis 290:294 the basis 286:294 the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis 286:360 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis. 26065736 6 20 theme 1ZS3-5 686:691 arg1 % 708:708 47.5 mol% 700:708 47.5 mol% 700:708 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) was 47.5 mol%. 26065736 6 20 theme 1ZS3-5 686:691 arg1 content 675:681 The DNA G+C content 663:681 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) 663:694 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) was 47.5 mol%. 26065736 11 21 theme Paenibacillus 1204:1216 arg1 sp 1229:1230 the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp 1195:1230 the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp 1195:1230 Based on these results, 1ZS3-5(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp. 26065736 0 22 theme rhizoryzae 14:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp 0:26 Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp. 0:27 Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp. 26065736 5 23 theme DNA-DNA 571:577 arg1 hybridization 579:591 DNA-DNA hybridization 571:591 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between 1ZS3-5(T) and P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) 567:650 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between 1ZS3-5(T) and P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) was 33.4%. 26065736 11 24 theme Paenibacillus 1170:1182 arg1 genus 1164:1168 the genus Paenibacillus 1160:1182 the genus Paenibacillus 1160:1182 Based on these results, 1ZS3-5(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp. 26065736 7 25 theme major 715:719 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 739:760 diphosphatidylglycerol 739:760 diphosphatidylglycerol 739:760 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminophospholipid and unknown phospholipid. 26065736 7 25 theme major 715:719 arg1 lipids 727:732 The major polar lipids 711:732 The major polar lipids 711:732 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminophospholipid and unknown phospholipid. 26065736 7 26 theme unknown 846:852 arg1 phospholipid 854:865 unknown phospholipid 846:865 unknown phospholipid 846:865 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminophospholipid and unknown phospholipid. 26065736 0 27 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 25:26 Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp 0:26 Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp. 0:27 Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp. 26065736 13 28 theme type 1255:1258 arg1 strain 1260:1265 The type strain 1251:1265 The type strain 1251:1265 The type strain is 1ZS3-5(T) ( = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322(T)). 26065736 13 28 theme type 1255:1258 arg1 1ZS3-5 1270:1275 1ZS3-5 1270:1275 1ZS3-5 1270:1275 The type strain is 1ZS3-5(T) ( = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322(T)). 26065736 5 29 theme hybridization 579:591 arg1 % 660:660 33.4% 656:660 33.4% 656:660 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between 1ZS3-5(T) and P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) was 33.4%. 26065736 5 29 theme hybridization 579:591 arg1 value 593:597 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 567:597 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between 1ZS3-5(T) and P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) 567:650 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between 1ZS3-5(T) and P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) was 33.4%. 26065736 4 30 with 1.10966 504:510 arg1 similarities 520:531 similarities 520:531 similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively 520:564 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 3 31 theme inference 343:351 arg1 analysis 353:360 phylogenetic inference analysis 330:360 phylogenetic inference analysis 330:360 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis. 26065736 6 32 theme G+C 671:673 arg1 % 708:708 47.5 mol% 700:708 47.5 mol% 700:708 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) was 47.5 mol%. 26065736 6 32 theme G+C 671:673 arg1 content 675:681 The DNA G+C content 663:681 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) 663:694 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) was 47.5 mol%. 26065736 2 33 attach isolated 157:164 arg1 rhizosphere 176:186 rice rhizosphere 171:186 rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China 171:214 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 1ZS3-5(T), was isolated from rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China. 26065736 2 33 attach isolated 157:164 arg2 bacterium 120:128 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 67:128 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 67:128 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 1ZS3-5(T), was isolated from rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China. 26065736 3 34 theme analysis 353:360 arg1 basis 290:294 the basis 286:294 the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis 286:360 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis. 26065736 5 35 theme CGMCC 635:639 arg1 T 649:649 P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) 621:650 P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) 621:650 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between 1ZS3-5(T) and P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) was 33.4%. 26065736 4 36 theme RNA 414:416 arg1 polymerase 418:427 bacterial RNA polymerase 404:427 bacterial RNA polymerase 404:427 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 10 37 dep anteiso-C15 1034:1044 arg1 0 1077:1077 0 1077:1077 0 1077:1077 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26065736 10 37 dep anteiso-C15 1034:1044 arg1 iso-C16 1067:1073 iso-C16 1067:1073 iso-C16 1067:1073 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26065736 10 37 dep anteiso-C15 1034:1044 arg1 0 1048:1048 0 1048:1048 0 1048:1048 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26065736 10 37 dep anteiso-C15 1034:1044 arg1 0 1061:1061 0 1061:1061 0 1061:1061 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26065736 5 38 theme 1.10966 641:647 arg1 T 649:649 P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) 621:650 P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) 621:650 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between 1ZS3-5(T) and P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) was 33.4%. 26065736 4 39 theme bacterial 404:412 arg1 polymerase 418:427 bacterial RNA polymerase 404:427 bacterial RNA polymerase 404:427 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 2 40 dep China 210:214 arg1 PR 207:208 Hunan Province, PR China 191:214 PR 207:208 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 1ZS3-5(T), was isolated from rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China. 26065736 9 41 theme diamino 918:924 arg1 acid 992:995 meso-diaminopimelic acid 972:995 meso-diaminopimelic acid 972:995 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26065736 9 41 theme diamino 918:924 arg1 acid 926:929 The diamino acid 914:929 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 914:966 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26065736 4 42 theme CGMCC 498:502 arg1 1.10966 504:510 Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966 473:510 Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively 473:564 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 4 42 theme CGMCC 498:502 arg1 T 512:512 T 512:512 T 512:512 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 6 43 theme DNA 667:669 arg1 % 708:708 47.5 mol% 700:708 47.5 mol% 700:708 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) was 47.5 mol%. 26065736 6 43 theme DNA 667:669 arg1 content 675:681 The DNA G+C content 663:681 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) 663:694 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) was 47.5 mol%. 26065736 13 44 theme DSM 1300:1302 arg1 T 1310:1310 T 1310:1310 T 1310:1310 The type strain is 1ZS3-5(T) ( = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322(T)). 26065736 13 44 theme DSM 1300:1302 arg1 29322 1304:1308  = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322 1281:1308  = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322(T) 1281:1311 The type strain is 1ZS3-5(T) ( = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322(T)). 26065736 13 44 theme DSM 1300:1302 arg1 1ZS3-5 1270:1275 1ZS3-5 1270:1275 1ZS3-5 1270:1275 The type strain is 1ZS3-5(T) ( = ACCC 19782(T) = DSM 29322(T)). 26065736 11 45 theme rhizoryzae 1218:1227 arg1 sp 1229:1230 the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp 1195:1230 the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp 1195:1230 Based on these results, 1ZS3-5(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp. 26065736 4 46 theme taihuensis 487:496 arg1 1.10966 504:510 Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966 473:510 Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively 473:564 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 4 46 theme taihuensis 487:496 arg1 T 512:512 T 512:512 T 512:512 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 3 47 theme genus 263:267 arg1 member 249:254 a member 247:254 a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis 247:360 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis. 26065736 3 47 theme genus 263:267 arg1 isolate 221:227 The isolate 217:227 The isolate 217:227 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis. 26065736 4 48 theme polymerase 418:427 arg1 β-subunit 391:399 β-subunit 391:399 β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase 391:427 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 3 49 theme Paenibacillus 269:281 arg1 genus 263:267 the genus 259:267 the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis 259:360 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference analysis. 26065736 2 50 theme Hunan 191:195 arg1 China 210:214 Hunan Province, PR China 191:214 China 210:214 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 1ZS3-5(T), was isolated from rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China. 26065736 2 51 theme Province 197:204 arg1 China 210:214 Hunan Province, PR China 191:214 China 210:214 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 1ZS3-5(T), was isolated from rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China. 26065736 2 52 theme Gram-stain-positive 69:87 arg1 bacterium 120:128 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 67:128 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 67:128 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 1ZS3-5(T), was isolated from rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China. 26065736 4 53 theme gene 385:388 arg1 sequences 430:438 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences 363:438 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences 363:438 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 4 53 theme gene 385:388 arg1 related 453:459 related 453:459 related 453:459 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 4 54 theme % 550:550 arg1 similarities 520:531 similarities 520:531 similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively 520:564 The 16S rRNA and rpoB gene (β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase) sequences were closely related to those of Paenibacillus taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) with similarities of 97.2% and 89.7%, respectively. 26065736 5 55 theme P. 621:622 arg1 T 649:649 P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) 621:650 P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) 621:650 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between 1ZS3-5(T) and P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) was 33.4%. 26065736 6 56 theme mol 705:707 arg1 % 708:708 47.5 mol% 700:708 47.5 mol% 700:708 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) was 47.5 mol%. 26065736 6 56 theme mol 705:707 arg1 content 675:681 The DNA G+C content 663:681 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) 663:694 The DNA G+C content of 1ZS3-5(T) was 47.5 mol%. 26065736 9 57 theme cell-wall 944:952 arg1 peptidoglycan 954:966 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 940:966 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 940:966 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26065736 2 58 theme rice 171:174 arg1 rhizosphere 176:186 rice rhizosphere 171:186 rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China 171:214 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 1ZS3-5(T), was isolated from rice rhizosphere in Hunan Province, PR China. 26065736 9 59 located found 931:935 arg2 acid 992:995 meso-diaminopimelic acid 972:995 meso-diaminopimelic acid 972:995 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26065736 9 59 located found 931:935 arg1 peptidoglycan 954:966 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 940:966 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 940:966 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26065736 9 59 located found 931:935 arg2 acid 926:929 The diamino acid 914:929 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 914:966 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26065736 10 60 theme fatty 1017:1021 arg1 anteiso-C15 1034:1044 anteiso-C15 1034:1044 anteiso-C15 1034:1044 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26065736 10 60 theme fatty 1017:1021 arg1 acids 1023:1027 The major cellular fatty acids 998:1027 The major cellular fatty acids 998:1027 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26065736 8 61 theme respiratory 884:894 arg1 MK-7 908:911 MK-7 908:911 MK-7 908:911 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. 26065736 8 61 theme respiratory 884:894 arg1 quinone 896:902 The predominant respiratory quinone 868:902 The predominant respiratory quinone 868:902 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. 26065736 11 62 theme name 1199:1202 arg1 sp 1229:1230 the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp 1195:1230 the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp 1195:1230 Based on these results, 1ZS3-5(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoryzae sp. 26065736 5 63 dep P. 621:622 arg1 taihuensis 624:633 taihuensis 624:633 taihuensis 624:633 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between 1ZS3-5(T) and P. taihuensis CGMCC 1.10966(T) was 33.4%. 25281727 2 0 theme Gram-reaction-positive 100:121 arg1 bacterium 191:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium 98:199 bacterium 191:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 7 1 theme strain 980:985 arg1 T 992:992 T 992:992 T 992:992 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) was 36.2 mol%. 25281727 7 1 theme strain 980:985 arg1 S215 987:990 strain S215 980:990 strain S215(T) 980:993 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) was 36.2 mol%. 25281727 6 2 theme DNA-DNA 794:800 arg1 hybridization 802:814 DNA-DNA hybridization 794:814 DNA-DNA hybridization results 794:822 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 2 3 dep bacterium 191:199 arg1 acid 186:189 rod-shaped lactic acid 168:189 rod-shaped lactic acid 168:189 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 8 4 theme acid 1078:1081 arg1 type 1083:1086 the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type 1052:1086 the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type 1052:1086 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 11 5 theme  = BCRC 1405:1411 arg1 80582 1413:1417  = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582 1388:1417  = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T) 1388:1420 The type strain is S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)). 25281727 11 5 theme  = BCRC 1405:1411 arg1 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 The type strain is S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)). 25281727 7 6 theme DNA 961:963 arg1 content 969:975 The DNA G+C content 957:975 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) 957:993 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) was 36.2 mol%. 25281727 7 6 theme DNA 961:963 arg1 % 1007:1007 36.2 mol% 999:1007 36.2 mol% 999:1007 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) was 36.2 mol%. 25281727 2 7 theme soybean 257:263 arg1 meal 265:268 fermented soybean meal 247:268 fermented soybean meal 247:268 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 4 8 theme gene 352:355 arg1 results 368:374 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 343:374 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 343:374 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 9 9 theme novel 1251:1255 arg1 species 1257:1263 a novel species 1249:1263 a novel species 1249:1263 Phenotypic and genotypic features demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 25281727 8 10 theme major 1096:1100 arg1 C18  1119:1122 C18  1119:1122 C18  1119:1122 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 8 10 theme major 1096:1100 arg1 acids 1108:1112 the major fatty acids 1092:1112 the major fatty acids 1092:1112 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 4 11 dep Lactobacillus 546:558 arg1 futsaii 560:566 futsaii 560:566 futsaii 560:566 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 12 theme % 419:419 arg1 similarity 430:439 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity 407:439 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)) 407:622 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 13 theme Lactobacillus 586:598 arg1 15951 614:618 Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951 586:618 Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951 586:618 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 9 14 theme genus 1272:1276 arg1 Lactobacillus 1278:1290 the genus Lactobacillus 1268:1290 the genus Lactobacillus 1268:1290 Phenotypic and genotypic features demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 25281727 3 15 theme d-lactic 293:300 arg1 acid 302:305 d-lactic acid 293:305 d-lactic acid from glucose 293:318 The organism produced d-lactic acid from glucose without gas formation. 25281727 4 16 theme Lactobacillus 546:558 arg1 T 579:579 Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) 546:580 Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) 546:580 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 17 dep Lactobacillus 506:518 arg1 farciminis 520:529 farciminis 520:529 farciminis 520:529 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 9 18 theme name 1307:1310 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp 1303:1339 the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp 1303:1339 Phenotypic and genotypic features demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 25281727 6 19 theme type 883:886 arg1 strains 888:894 the three type strains 873:894 the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness) 873:954 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 4 20 dep Lactobacillus 491:503 arg1 T 542:542 Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T) 506:543 Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T) 506:543 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 20 dep Lactobacillus 491:503 arg1 15951 614:618 Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951 586:618 Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951 586:618 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 20 dep Lactobacillus 491:503 arg1 T 579:579 Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) 546:580 Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) 546:580 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 20 dep Lactobacillus 491:503 arg1 T 620:620 T 620:620 T 620:620 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 21 theme 98.74-99.60  407:418 arg1 % 419:419 % 419:419 % 419:419 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 9 22 theme formosensis 1326:1336 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp 1303:1339 the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp 1303:1339 Phenotypic and genotypic features demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 25281727 5 23 theme genes 658:662 arg1 comparison 627:636 A comparison 625:636 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, 625:678 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215(T) was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus. 25281727 4 24 contain had 403:405 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 24 contain had 403:405 arg2 similarity 430:439 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity 407:439 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)) 407:622 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 24 contain had 403:405 arg1 S215 395:398 strain S215 388:398 strain S215(T) 388:401 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 6 25 theme % 941:941 arg1 Lactobacillus 920:932 the genus Lactobacillus 910:932 the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness) 910:954 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 6 25 theme % 941:941 arg1 relatedness 943:953 33-66 % relatedness 935:953 33-66 % relatedness 935:953 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 0 26 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 26:27 Lactobacillus formosensis sp 0:27 Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 0:28 Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 25281727 1 27 theme soybean 84:90 arg1 meal 92:95 fermented soybean meal 74:95 fermented soybean meal 74:95 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 4 28 dep Lactobacillus 586:598 arg1 crustorum 600:608 crustorum 600:608 crustorum 600:608 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 6 29 theme genus 914:918 arg1 Lactobacillus 920:932 the genus Lactobacillus 910:932 the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness) 910:954 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 6 29 theme genus 914:918 arg1 relatedness 943:953 33-66 % relatedness 935:953 33-66 % relatedness 935:953 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 4 30 theme 14043 536:540 arg1 T 542:542 Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T) 506:543 Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T) 506:543 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 30 theme 14043 536:540 arg1 T 620:620 T 620:620 T 620:620 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 31 theme JCM 610:612 arg1 15951 614:618 Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951 586:618 Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951 586:618 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 5 32 theme strain 694:699 arg1 S215 701:704 strain S215 694:704 strain S215(T) 694:707 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215(T) was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus. 25281727 5 32 theme strain 694:699 arg1 T 706:706 T 706:706 T 706:706 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215(T) was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus. 25281727 4 33 theme Lactobacillus 491:503 arg1 species 470:476 three species 464:476 three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)) 464:622 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 2 34 theme rod-shaped 168:177 arg1 acid 186:189 rod-shaped lactic acid 168:189 rod-shaped lactic acid 168:189 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 4 35 theme rRNA 347:350 arg1 results 368:374 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 343:374 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 343:374 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 2 36 theme strain 213:218 arg1 T 225:225 T 225:225 T 225:225 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 2 36 theme strain 213:218 arg1 S215 220:223 strain S215 213:223 strain S215(T) 213:226 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 5 37 theme genus 773:777 arg1 Lactobacillus 779:791 the genus Lactobacillus 769:791 the genus Lactobacillus 769:791 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215(T) was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus. 25281727 11 38 theme  = NBRC 1388:1394 arg1 80582 1413:1417  = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582 1388:1417  = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T) 1388:1420 The type strain is S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)). 25281727 11 38 theme  = NBRC 1388:1394 arg1 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 The type strain is S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)). 25281727 1 39 theme lactic 38:43 arg1 bacterium 50:58 a lactic acid bacterium 36:58 a lactic acid bacterium 36:58 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 1 39 theme lactic 38:43 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 4 40 theme 80278 573:577 arg1 T 579:579 Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) 546:580 Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) 546:580 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 6 41 theme hybridization 802:814 arg1 results 816:822 DNA-DNA hybridization results 794:822 DNA-DNA hybridization results 794:822 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 4 42 theme strain 388:393 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 42 theme strain 388:393 arg1 S215 395:398 strain S215 388:398 strain S215(T) 388:401 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 7 43 theme G+C 965:967 arg1 content 969:975 The DNA G+C content 957:975 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) 957:993 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) was 36.2 mol%. 25281727 7 43 theme G+C 965:967 arg1 % 1007:1007 36.2 mol% 999:1007 36.2 mol% 999:1007 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) was 36.2 mol%. 25281727 9 44 theme Lactobacillus 1312:1324 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp 1303:1339 the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp 1303:1339 Phenotypic and genotypic features demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 25281727 2 45 theme anaerobic 157:165 arg1 bacterium 191:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium 98:199 bacterium 191:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 4 46 theme sequencing 357:366 arg1 results 368:374 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 343:374 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 343:374 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 11 47 dep S215 1379:1382 arg1 80582 1413:1417  = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582 1388:1417  = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T) 1388:1420 The type strain is S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)). 25281727 11 47 dep S215 1379:1382 arg1 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 The type strain is S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)). 25281727 8 48 theme d-meso-diaminopimelic 1056:1076 arg1 type 1083:1086 the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type 1052:1086 the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type 1052:1086 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 11 49 theme type 1364:1367 arg1 S215 1379:1382 S215 1379:1382 S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)) 1379:1421 The type strain is S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)). 25281727 11 49 theme type 1364:1367 arg1 strain 1369:1374 The type strain 1360:1374 The type strain 1360:1374 The type strain is S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)). 25281727 5 50 theme species 758:764 arg1 strains 747:753 the reference strains 733:753 the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus 733:791 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215(T) was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus. 25281727 8 51 theme type 1083:1086 arg1 peptidoglycan 1035:1047 peptidoglycan 1035:1047 peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type 1035:1086 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 8 52 theme cell 1014:1017 arg1 walls 1019:1023 The cell walls 1010:1023 The cell walls 1010:1023 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 4 53 theme sequence 421:428 arg1 similarity 430:439 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity 407:439 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)) 407:622 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 2 54 attach isolated 233:240 arg2 bacterium 191:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium 98:199 bacterium 191:199 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 2 54 attach isolated 233:240 arg1 meal 265:268 fermented soybean meal 247:268 fermented soybean meal 247:268 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 8 55 theme fatty 1102:1106 arg1 C18  1119:1122 C18  1119:1122 C18  1119:1122 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 8 55 theme fatty 1102:1106 arg1 acids 1108:1112 the major fatty acids 1092:1112 the major fatty acids 1092:1112 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 8 56 contain contained 1025:1033 arg2 peptidoglycan 1035:1047 peptidoglycan 1035:1047 peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type 1035:1086 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 8 56 contain contained 1025:1033 arg1 walls 1019:1023 The cell walls 1010:1023 The cell walls 1010:1023 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 9 57 theme Lactobacillus 1278:1290 arg1 species 1257:1263 a novel species 1249:1263 a novel species 1249:1263 Phenotypic and genotypic features demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 25281727 6 58 theme strain 839:844 arg1 S215 846:849 strain S215 839:849 strain S215(T) 839:852 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 6 58 theme strain 839:844 arg1 T 851:851 T 851:851 T 851:851 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 3 59 from glucose 312:318 arg1 acid 302:305 d-lactic acid 293:305 d-lactic acid from glucose 293:318 The organism produced d-lactic acid from glucose without gas formation. 25281727 2 60 theme fermented 247:255 arg1 meal 265:268 fermented soybean meal 247:268 fermented soybean meal 247:268 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 6 61 theme species 899:905 arg1 strains 888:894 the three type strains 873:894 the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness) 873:954 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 6 62 dep DNA 858:860 arg1 related 862:868 related 862:868 related 862:868 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 3 63 theme gas 328:330 arg1 formation 332:340 gas formation 328:340 gas formation 328:340 The organism produced d-lactic acid from glucose without gas formation. 25281727 4 64 theme species 470:476 arg1 strains 453:459 the type strains 444:459 the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)) 444:622 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 5 65 theme Lactobacillus 779:791 arg1 species 758:764 species 758:764 species of the genus Lactobacillus 758:791 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215(T) was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus. 25281727 5 66 theme housekeeping 645:656 arg1 pheS 674:677 pheS 674:677 pheS 674:677 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215(T) was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus. 25281727 5 66 theme housekeeping 645:656 arg1 rpoA 665:668 rpoA 665:668 rpoA 665:668 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215(T) was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus. 25281727 5 66 theme housekeeping 645:656 arg1 genes 658:662 two housekeeping genes 641:662 two housekeeping genes 641:662 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215(T) was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus. 25281727 1 67 theme acid 45:48 arg1 bacterium 50:58 a lactic acid bacterium 36:58 a lactic acid bacterium 36:58 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 1 67 theme acid 45:48 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 4 68 theme type 448:451 arg1 strains 453:459 the type strains 444:459 the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)) 444:622 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 0 69 theme formosensis 14:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Lactobacillus formosensis sp 0:27 Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 0:28 Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 25281727 1 70 theme fermented 74:82 arg1 meal 92:95 fermented soybean meal 74:95 fermented soybean meal 74:95 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 6 71 theme 33-66  935:940 arg1 % 941:941 % 941:941 % 941:941 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 4 72 theme BCRC 531:534 arg1 T 542:542 Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T) 506:543 Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T) 506:543 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 72 theme BCRC 531:534 arg1 T 620:620 T 620:620 T 620:620 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 6 73 theme Lactobacillus 920:932 arg1 species 899:905 species 899:905 species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness) 899:954 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215(T) had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33-66 % relatedness). 25281727 8 74 dep  0 1136:1137 arg1 cyclo 1151:1155  0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c 1148:1171 C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c 1119:1171 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 2 75 dep Gram-reaction-positive 100:121 arg1 catalase-negative 124:140 catalase-negative 124:140 catalase-negative 124:140 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 2 76 theme lactic 179:184 arg1 acid 186:189 rod-shaped lactic acid 168:189 rod-shaped lactic acid 168:189 A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215(T), was isolated from fermented soybean meal. 25281727 7 77 theme S215 987:990 arg1 content 969:975 The DNA G+C content 957:975 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) 957:993 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) was 36.2 mol%. 25281727 7 77 theme S215 987:990 arg1 % 1007:1007 36.2 mol% 999:1007 36.2 mol% 999:1007 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) was 36.2 mol%. 25281727 4 78 theme Lactobacillus 506:518 arg1 T 542:542 Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T) 506:543 Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T) 506:543 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 78 theme Lactobacillus 506:518 arg1 T 620:620 T 620:620 T 620:620 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 79 theme 16S 343:345 arg1 rRNA 347:350 16S rRNA 343:350 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 343:374 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 4 80 theme BCRC 568:571 arg1 T 579:579 Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) 546:580 Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) 546:580 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 9 81 theme Phenotypic 1174:1183 arg1 features 1199:1206 Phenotypic and genotypic features 1174:1206 Phenotypic and genotypic features 1174:1206 Phenotypic and genotypic features demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 25281727 4 82 theme genus 485:489 arg1 Lactobacillus 491:503 the genus Lactobacillus 481:503 the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)) 481:622 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215(T) had 98.74-99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043(T), Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278(T) and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951(T)). 25281727 5 83 theme reference 737:745 arg1 strains 747:753 the reference strains 733:753 the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus 733:791 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215(T) was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus. 25281727 8 84 dep C18  1119:1122 arg1 C16  1131:1134 C16  1131:1134 C16  1131:1134 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 8 84 dep C18  1119:1122 arg1 C19  1143:1146 C19  1143:1146 C19  1143:1146 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 8 84 dep C18  1119:1122 arg1  0 1136:1137  0 1136:1137  0 1136:1137 The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. 25281727 11 85 theme T 1403:1403 arg1 80582 1413:1417  = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582 1388:1417  = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T) 1388:1420 The type strain is S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)). 25281727 11 85 theme T 1403:1403 arg1 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 T 1419:1419 The type strain is S215(T) ( = NBRC 109509(T) = BCRC 80582(T)). 25281727 7 86 theme mol 1004:1006 arg1 content 969:975 The DNA G+C content 957:975 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) 957:993 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) was 36.2 mol%. 25281727 7 86 theme mol 1004:1006 arg1 % 1007:1007 36.2 mol% 999:1007 36.2 mol% 999:1007 The DNA G+C content of strain S215(T) was 36.2 mol%. 25281727 9 87 theme genotypic 1189:1197 arg1 features 1199:1206 Phenotypic and genotypic features 1174:1206 Phenotypic and genotypic features 1174:1206 Phenotypic and genotypic features demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp. 27300155 0 0 theme fermented 62:70 arg1 sausages 72:79 dry fermented sausages 58:79 dry fermented sausages 58:79 Linseed oil gelled emulsion: A successful fat replacer in dry fermented sausages. 27300155 3 1 from reductions 580:589 arg1 ratio 611:615 omega-6/ omega-3 ratio 594:615 omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively) 594:646 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 1 from reductions 580:589 arg1 % 573:573 up to 10.3% 563:573 up to 10.3% 563:573 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 1 from reductions 580:589 arg1 supply 555:560 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply 520:560 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) 520:574 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 1 2 theme high 130:133 arg1 emulsion 170:177 a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion 128:177 a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages 128:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 3 3 theme 84 629:630 arg1 % 631:631 75, 82 and 84% 618:631 % 631:631 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 0 4 theme dry 58:60 arg1 sausages 72:79 dry fermented sausages 58:79 dry fermented sausages 58:79 Linseed oil gelled emulsion: A successful fat replacer in dry fermented sausages. 27300155 3 5 theme acids 542:546 arg1 % 573:573 up to 10.3% 563:573 up to 10.3% 563:573 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 5 theme acids 542:546 arg1 supply 555:560 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply 520:560 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) 520:574 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 1 6 theme omega-3 135:141 arg1 emulsion 170:177 a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion 128:177 a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages 128:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 5 7 theme SUB2 976:979 arg1 products 981:988 SUB2 products 976:988 SUB2 products (32.8%) 976:996 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 27300155 5 7 theme SUB2 976:979 arg1 % 995:995 32.8% 991:995 32.8% 991:995 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 27300155 5 8 theme sensory 916:922 arg1 P>0.05 937:942 P>0.05 937:942 P>0.05 937:942 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 27300155 5 8 theme sensory 916:922 arg1 differences 924:934 no sensory differences 913:934 no sensory differences (P>0.05) 913:943 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 27300155 4 9 theme fat 710:712 arg1 modification 714:725 the fat modification 706:725 the fat modification 706:725 Peroxides and TBARs values were not affected (P>0.05) by the fat modification and a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation was detected. 27300155 4 10 theme lipid 789:793 arg1 oxidation 795:803 lipid oxidation 789:803 lipid oxidation 789:803 Peroxides and TBARs values were not affected (P>0.05) by the fat modification and a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation was detected. 27300155 5 11 theme human 1074:1078 arg1 consumption 1080:1090 human consumption 1074:1090 human consumption 1074:1090 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 27300155 1 12 theme fatty 244:248 arg1 composition 255:265 their fatty acid composition 238:265 their fatty acid composition 238:265 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 1 13 theme content 143:149 arg1 emulsion 170:177 a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion 128:177 a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages 128:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 4 14 dep Peroxides 649:657 arg1 values 669:674 values 669:674 values 669:674 Peroxides and TBARs values were not affected (P>0.05) by the fat modification and a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation was detected. 27300155 5 15 theme instrumental 879:890 arg1 properties 898:907 the instrumental color properties 875:907 the instrumental color properties 875:907 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 27300155 3 16 dep 1.81 396:399 arg1 up 390:391 up 390:391 up 390:391 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 16 dep 1.81 396:399 arg1 SUB2 429:432 SUB2 429:432 SUB2 429:432 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 16 dep 1.81 396:399 arg1 SUB1 423:426 SUB1 423:426 SUB1 423:426 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 16 dep 1.81 396:399 arg1 products 444:451 SUB3 products 439:451 SUB3 products 439:451 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 1 17 theme carrageenan 151:161 arg1 emulsion 170:177 a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion 128:177 a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages 128:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 5 18 theme color 892:896 arg1 properties 898:907 the instrumental color properties 875:907 the instrumental color properties 875:907 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 27300155 4 19 theme low 740:742 arg1 formation 744:752 a slight low formation 731:752 a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation 731:803 Peroxides and TBARs values were not affected (P>0.05) by the fat modification and a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation was detected. 27300155 3 20 theme SUB3 439:442 arg1 products 444:451 SUB3 products 439:451 SUB3 products 439:451 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 1 21 theme gelled 163:168 arg1 emulsion 170:177 a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion 128:177 a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages 128:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 0 22 theme Linseed 0:6 arg1 oil 8:10 Linseed oil 0:10 Linseed oil 0:10 Linseed oil gelled emulsion: A successful fat replacer in dry fermented sausages. 27300155 1 23 theme acid 250:253 arg1 composition 255:265 their fatty acid composition 238:265 their fatty acid composition 238:265 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 4 24 attach derived 776:782 arg1 oxidation 795:803 lipid oxidation 789:803 lipid oxidation 789:803 Peroxides and TBARs values were not affected (P>0.05) by the fat modification and a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation was detected. 27300155 4 24 attach derived 776:782 arg2 aldehydes 766:774 volatile aldehydes 757:774 volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation 757:803 Peroxides and TBARs values were not affected (P>0.05) by the fat modification and a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation was detected. 27300155 2 25 theme replacement 287:297 arg1 Percentages 268:278 Percentages 268:278 Percentages of fat replacement 268:297 Percentages of fat replacement were 26.3% (SUB1), 32.8% (SUB2) and 39.5% (SUB3). 27300155 1 26 theme Different 82:90 arg1 levels 92:97 Different levels 82:97 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages 82:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 3 27 dep ratio 611:615 arg1 % 631:631 75, 82 and 84% 618:631 % 631:631 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 5 28 theme formulation 1058:1068 arg1 viability 1040:1048 the viability 1036:1048 the viability of this formulation for human consumption 1036:1090 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 27300155 1 29 theme dry 182:184 arg1 sausages 196:203 dry fermented sausages 182:203 dry fermented sausages 182:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 4 30 theme aldehydes 766:774 arg1 formation 744:752 a slight low formation 731:752 a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation 731:803 Peroxides and TBARs values were not affected (P>0.05) by the fat modification and a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation was detected. 27300155 1 31 theme fermented 186:194 arg1 sausages 196:203 dry fermented sausages 182:203 dry fermented sausages 182:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 3 32 theme α-linolenic 349:359 arg1 ALA 367:369 ALA 367:369 ALA 367:369 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 32 theme α-linolenic 349:359 arg1 acid 361:364 α-linolenic acid 349:364 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content 349:378 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 33 theme omega-6/ 594:601 arg1 ratio 611:615 omega-6/ omega-3 ratio 594:615 omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively) 594:646 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 4 34 theme volatile 757:764 arg1 aldehydes 766:774 volatile aldehydes 757:774 volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation 757:803 Peroxides and TBARs values were not affected (P>0.05) by the fat modification and a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation was detected. 27300155 5 35 theme relevant 849:856 arg1 modifications 858:870 relevant modifications 849:870 relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties 849:907 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 27300155 0 36 theme fat 42:44 arg1 replacer 46:53 A successful fat replacer 29:53 A successful fat replacer in dry fermented sausages 29:79 Linseed oil gelled emulsion: A successful fat replacer in dry fermented sausages. 27300155 3 37 theme omega-3 603:609 arg1 ratio 611:615 omega-6/ omega-3 ratio 594:615 omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively) 594:646 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 0 38 from replacer 46:53 arg1 sausages 72:79 dry fermented sausages 58:79 dry fermented sausages 58:79 Linseed oil gelled emulsion: A successful fat replacer in dry fermented sausages. 27300155 0 39 theme successful 31:40 arg1 replacer 46:53 A successful fat replacer 29:53 A successful fat replacer in dry fermented sausages 29:79 Linseed oil gelled emulsion: A successful fat replacer in dry fermented sausages. 27300155 3 40 theme polyunsaturated 520:534 arg1 PUFA 549:552 PUFA 549:552 PUFA 549:552 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 40 theme polyunsaturated 520:534 arg1 acids 542:546 polyunsaturated fatty acids 520:546 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) 520:574 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 5 41 theme Fat 819:821 arg1 replacement 823:833 Fat replacement 819:833 Fat replacement 819:833 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 27300155 1 42 theme animal 102:107 arg1 fat 109:111 animal fat 102:111 animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages 102:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 3 43 theme fatty 536:540 arg1 PUFA 549:552 PUFA 549:552 PUFA 549:552 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 43 theme fatty 536:540 arg1 acids 542:546 polyunsaturated fatty acids 520:546 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) 520:574 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 1 44 theme fat 109:111 arg1 replacement 113:123 animal fat replacement 102:123 animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages 102:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 2 45 theme fat 283:285 arg1 replacement 287:297 fat replacement 283:297 fat replacement 283:297 Percentages of fat replacement were 26.3% (SUB1), 32.8% (SUB2) and 39.5% (SUB3). 27300155 3 46 theme 75 618:619 arg1 % 631:631 75, 82 and 84% 618:631 % 631:631 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 1 47 theme replacement 113:123 arg1 levels 92:97 Different levels 82:97 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages 82:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 3 48 from increment 507:515 arg1 ratio 611:615 omega-6/ omega-3 ratio 594:615 omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively) 594:646 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 48 from increment 507:515 arg1 % 573:573 up to 10.3% 563:573 up to 10.3% 563:573 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 3 48 from increment 507:515 arg1 supply 555:560 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply 520:560 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) 520:574 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 1 49 from emulsion 170:177 arg1 sausages 196:203 dry fermented sausages 182:203 dry fermented sausages 182:203 Different levels of animal fat replacement by a high omega-3 content carrageenan gelled emulsion in dry fermented sausages were studied in order to improve their fatty acid composition. 27300155 3 50 theme acid 361:364 arg1 content 372:378 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content 349:378 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content 349:378 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 4 51 theme slight 733:738 arg1 formation 744:752 a slight low formation 731:752 a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation 731:803 Peroxides and TBARs values were not affected (P>0.05) by the fat modification and a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation was detected. 27300155 3 52 dep 10.3 569:572 arg1 to 566:567 to 566:567 to 566:567 α-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively). 27300155 4 53 dep affected 685:692 arg1 P>0.05 695:700 P>0.05 695:700 P>0.05 695:700 Peroxides and TBARs values were not affected (P>0.05) by the fat modification and a slight low formation of volatile aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation was detected. 27300155 5 54 from modifications 858:870 arg1 properties 898:907 the instrumental color properties 875:907 the instrumental color properties 875:907 Fat replacement did not cause relevant modifications on the instrumental color properties and no sensory differences (P>0.05) were found between Control and SUB2 products (32.8%) for taste and juiciness, pointing out the viability of this formulation for human consumption. 26338019 6 0 theme Bacillus 818:825 arg1 subsp 836:840 Bacillus subtilis subsp 818:840 Bacillus subtilis subsp 818:840 However, these strains shared only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 26338019 15 1 theme study 1761:1765 arg1 results 1738:1744 the results 1734:1744 the results of the present study 1734:1765 Based on the results of the present study, it is also suggested that B. qingdaonensis and B. halochares should be transferred to this novel genus, as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 5 2 theme Bacillus 612:619 arg1 24571T 636:641 Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T 612:641 Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %) 612:650 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 2 theme Bacillus 612:619 arg1 % 649:649 96.9 % 644:649 96.9 % 644:649 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 3 theme Bacillus 544:551 arg1 1.6134T 573:579 Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T 544:579 Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity) 544:609 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 4 dep Bacillus 544:551 arg1 qingdaonensis 553:565 qingdaonensis 553:565 qingdaonensis 553:565 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 5 theme LMG 632:634 arg1 24571T 636:641 Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T 612:641 Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %) 612:650 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 5 theme LMG 632:634 arg1 % 649:649 96.9 % 644:649 96.9 % 644:649 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 6 6 theme gene 788:791 arg1 similarity 802:811 only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 767:811 only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 767:840 However, these strains shared only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 26338019 11 7 theme predominant 1335:1345 arg1 anteiso-C15  1311:1322 anteiso-C15  1311:1322 anteiso-C15 : 0 1311:1325 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant fatty acid. 26338019 11 7 theme predominant 1335:1345 arg1 acid 1353:1356 the predominant fatty acid 1331:1356 the predominant fatty acid 1331:1356 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant fatty acid. 26338019 5 8 theme sequence 590:597 arg1 similarity 599:608 sequence similarity 590:608 sequence similarity 590:608 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 8 theme sequence 590:597 arg1 % 587:587 97.3 % 582:587 97.3 % 582:587 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 4 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 243:261 arg1 non-endospore-forming 288:308 non-endospore-forming 288:308 non-endospore-forming 288:308 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 243:261 arg1 non-motile 276:285 non-motile 276:285 non-motile 276:285 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 243:261 arg1 rod-shaped 264:273 rod-shaped 264:273 rod-shaped 264:273 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 6 10 theme 16S 779:781 arg1 similarity 802:811 only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 767:811 only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 767:840 However, these strains shared only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 26338019 11 11 dep anteiso-C15  1311:1322 arg1  0 1324:1325  0 1324:1325 anteiso-C15 : 0 1311:1325 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant fatty acid. 26338019 8 12 dep B. 987:988 arg1 qingdaonensis 990:1002 qingdaonensis 990:1002 qingdaonensis 990:1002 The DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T was 42.9 ± 0.8. 26338019 1 13 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 nov. 42:45 nov. 42:45 nov. 42:45 nov., a bacterium isolated from a salt pan, reclassification of Bacillus qingdaonensis as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 1 13 attach isolated 60:67 arg1 reclassification 86:101 a salt pan, reclassification 74:101 reclassification 86:101 nov., a bacterium isolated from a salt pan, reclassification of Bacillus qingdaonensis as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 1 13 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 bacterium 50:58 a bacterium 48:58 a bacterium isolated from a salt pan, reclassification of Bacillus qingdaonensis as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb 48:162 nov., a bacterium isolated from a salt pan, reclassification of Bacillus qingdaonensis as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 5 14 theme class 458:462 arg1 Bacilli 464:470 the class Bacilli 454:470 the class Bacilli 454:470 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 14 theme class 458:462 arg1 Bacillales 479:488 order Bacillales 473:488 order Bacillales 473:488 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 14 theme class 458:462 arg1 Bacillaceae 498:508 family Bacillaceae 491:508 family Bacillaceae 491:508 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 12 15 theme family 1538:1543 arg1 Bacillaceae 1545:1555 the family Bacillaceae 1534:1555 the family Bacillaceae 1534:1555 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 7 16 theme Bacillus 931:938 arg1 members 910:916 members 910:916 members of the genus Bacillus 910:938 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that strains S7T and IB5 might not be members of the genus Bacillus. 26338019 12 17 theme novel 1518:1522 arg1 member 1524:1529 a novel member 1516:1529 a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp 1516:1616 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 5 18 theme family 491:496 arg1 Bacilli 464:470 the class Bacilli 454:470 the class Bacilli 454:470 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 18 theme family 491:496 arg1 Bacillaceae 498:508 family Bacillaceae 491:508 family Bacillaceae 491:508 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 4 19 theme Gram-stain-positive 243:261 arg1 IB5 337:339 IB5 337:339 IB5 337:339 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 19 theme Gram-stain-positive 243:261 arg1 S7T 329:331 S7T 329:331 S7T 329:331 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 19 theme Gram-stain-positive 243:261 arg1 strains 320:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains 233:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains 233:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 5 20 dep Bacillus 653:660 arg1 salarius 662:669 salarius 662:669 salarius 662:669 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 21 theme rRNA 389:392 arg1 analysis 408:415 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 385:415 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 385:415 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 4 22 attach isolated 347:354 arg2 strains 320:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains 233:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains 233:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 22 attach isolated 347:354 arg1 India 369:373 India 369:373 India 369:373 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 22 attach isolated 347:354 arg2 IB5 337:339 IB5 337:339 IB5 337:339 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 22 attach isolated 347:354 arg2 S7T 329:331 S7T 329:331 S7T 329:331 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 15 23 theme novel 1859:1863 arg1 genus 1865:1869 this novel genus 1854:1869 this novel genus 1854:1869 Based on the results of the present study, it is also suggested that B. qingdaonensis and B. halochares should be transferred to this novel genus, as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 5 24 theme Bacillus 695:702 arg1 18341T 720:725 Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T 695:725 Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %) 695:734 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 24 theme Bacillus 695:702 arg1 % 733:733 95.3 % 728:733 95.3 % 728:733 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 1 25 theme qingdaonense 146:157 arg1 comb 159:162 Salibacterium qingdaonense comb 132:162 Salibacterium qingdaonense comb 132:162 nov., a bacterium isolated from a salt pan, reclassification of Bacillus qingdaonensis as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 12 26 theme strains 1464:1470 arg1 differentiation 1445:1459 a clear differentiation 1437:1459 a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5 1437:1482 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 9 27 theme unknown 1250:1256 arg1 lipids 1258:1263 three unknown lipids 1244:1263 three unknown lipids 1244:1263 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 26338019 7 28 theme subtilis 843:850 arg1 10T 856:858 subtilis DSM 10T 843:858 subtilis DSM 10T 843:858 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that strains S7T and IB5 might not be members of the genus Bacillus. 26338019 12 29 theme gen. 1604:1607 arg1 sp 1615:1616 sp 1615:1616 sp 1615:1616 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 12 29 theme gen. 1604:1607 arg1 nov. 1609:1612 gen. nov. 1604:1612 gen. nov. 1604:1612 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 8 30 theme DNA-DNA 945:951 arg1 42.9 ± 0.8 1022:1031 42.9 ± 0.8 1022:1031 42.9 ± 0.8 1022:1031 The DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T was 42.9 ± 0.8. 26338019 8 30 theme DNA-DNA 945:951 arg1 relatedness 953:963 The DNA-DNA relatedness 941:963 The DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T 941:1016 The DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T was 42.9 ± 0.8. 26338019 0 31 theme gen. 27:30 arg1 sp 38:39 sp 38:39 sp 38:39 Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 0 31 theme gen. 27:30 arg1 nov. 32:35 gen. nov. 27:35 gen. nov. 27:35 Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 12 32 theme clear 1439:1443 arg1 differentiation 1445:1459 a clear differentiation 1437:1459 a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5 1437:1482 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 1 33 theme pan 81:83 arg1 reclassification 86:101 a salt pan, reclassification 74:101 reclassification 86:101 nov., a bacterium isolated from a salt pan, reclassification of Bacillus qingdaonensis as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 5 34 theme DSM 716:718 arg1 18341T 720:725 Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T 695:725 Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %) 695:734 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 34 theme DSM 716:718 arg1 % 733:733 95.3 % 728:733 95.3 % 728:733 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 8 35 theme strains 974:980 arg1 42.9 ± 0.8 1022:1031 42.9 ± 0.8 1022:1031 42.9 ± 0.8 1022:1031 The DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T was 42.9 ± 0.8. 26338019 8 35 theme strains 974:980 arg1 relatedness 953:963 The DNA-DNA relatedness 941:963 The DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T 941:1016 The DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T was 42.9 ± 0.8. 26338019 15 36 theme Salibacterium 1875:1887 arg1 qingdaonensis 1797:1809 B. qingdaonensis 1794:1809 B. qingdaonensis 1794:1809 Based on the results of the present study, it is also suggested that B. qingdaonensis and B. halochares should be transferred to this novel genus, as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 15 36 theme Salibacterium 1875:1887 arg1 halochares 1818:1827 B. halochares 1815:1827 B. halochares 1815:1827 Based on the results of the present study, it is also suggested that B. qingdaonensis and B. halochares should be transferred to this novel genus, as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 15 36 theme Salibacterium 1875:1887 arg1 comb 1902:1905 Salibacterium qingdaonense comb 1875:1905 Salibacterium qingdaonense comb 1875:1905 Based on the results of the present study, it is also suggested that B. qingdaonensis and B. halochares should be transferred to this novel genus, as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 12 37 dep strains 1464:1470 arg1 strains 1464:1470 strains S7T and IB5 1464:1482 strains S7T and IB5 1464:1482 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 12 37 dep strains 1464:1470 arg1 IB5 1480:1482 IB5 1480:1482 IB5 1480:1482 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 12 37 dep strains 1464:1470 arg1 S7T 1472:1474 S7T 1472:1474 S7T 1472:1474 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 10 38 theme predominant 1270:1280 arg1 MK-7 1305:1308 MK-7 1305:1308 MK-7 1305:1308 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26338019 10 38 theme predominant 1270:1280 arg1 quinone 1293:1299 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1266:1299 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1266:1299 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26338019 14 39 theme  = KCTC 1691:1697 arg1 1.15324T 1714:1721  = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T 1691:1721  = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T 1691:1721 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans is S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T). 26338019 14 39 theme  = KCTC 1691:1697 arg1 S7T 1686:1688 S7T 1686:1688 S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T) 1686:1722 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans is S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T). 26338019 8 40 theme B. 987:988 arg1 1.6134T 1010:1016 B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T 987:1016 B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T 987:1016 The DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T was 42.9 ± 0.8. 26338019 12 41 theme biochemical 1411:1421 arg1 tests 1423:1427 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1374:1427 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1374:1427 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 6 42 with similarity 802:811 arg1 subsp 836:840 Bacillus subtilis subsp 818:840 Bacillus subtilis subsp 818:840 However, these strains shared only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 26338019 9 43 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1095:1113 arg1 acid 1115:1118 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1095:1118 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1095:1118 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 26338019 9 44 contain contained 1085:1093 arg1 peptidoglycan 1048:1060 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1034:1060 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 1034:1083 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 26338019 9 44 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 acid 1115:1118 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1095:1118 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1095:1118 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 26338019 8 45 theme CGMCC 1004:1008 arg1 1.6134T 1010:1016 B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T 987:1016 B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T 987:1016 The DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T was 42.9 ± 0.8. 26338019 5 46 dep 1.6134T 573:579 arg1 similarity 599:608 sequence similarity 590:608 sequence similarity 590:608 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 46 dep 1.6134T 573:579 arg1 % 587:587 97.3 % 582:587 97.3 % 582:587 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 14 47 theme halotolerans 1670:1681 arg1 strain 1646:1651 The type strain 1637:1651 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans 1637:1681 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans is S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T). 26338019 14 47 theme halotolerans 1670:1681 arg1 S7T 1686:1688 S7T 1686:1688 S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T) 1686:1722 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans is S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T). 26338019 12 48 theme phylogenetic 1378:1389 arg1 tests 1423:1427 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1374:1427 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1374:1427 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 15 49 theme present 1753:1759 arg1 study 1761:1765 the present study 1749:1765 the present study 1749:1765 Based on the results of the present study, it is also suggested that B. qingdaonensis and B. halochares should be transferred to this novel genus, as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 9 50 theme strains 1065:1071 arg1 peptidoglycan 1048:1060 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1034:1060 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 1034:1083 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 26338019 5 51 theme sequence 399:406 arg1 analysis 408:415 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 385:415 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 385:415 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 12 52 theme chemotaxonomic 1392:1405 arg1 tests 1423:1427 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1374:1427 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1374:1427 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 6 53 dep similarity 802:811 arg1 % 777:777 % 777:777 % 777:777 However, these strains shared only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 26338019 11 54 theme fatty 1347:1351 arg1 anteiso-C15  1311:1322 anteiso-C15  1311:1322 anteiso-C15 : 0 1311:1325 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant fatty acid. 26338019 11 54 theme fatty 1347:1351 arg1 acid 1353:1356 the predominant fatty acid 1331:1356 the predominant fatty acid 1331:1356 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant fatty acid. 26338019 14 55 theme type 1641:1644 arg1 strain 1646:1651 The type strain 1637:1651 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans 1637:1681 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans is S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T). 26338019 14 55 theme type 1641:1644 arg1 S7T 1686:1688 S7T 1686:1688 S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T) 1686:1722 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans is S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T). 26338019 6 56 theme sequence 793:800 arg1 similarity 802:811 only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 767:811 only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 767:840 However, these strains shared only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 26338019 6 57 dep Bacillus 818:825 arg1 subtilis 827:834 subtilis 827:834 subtilis 827:834 However, these strains shared only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 26338019 5 58 theme order 473:477 arg1 Bacilli 464:470 the class Bacilli 454:470 the class Bacilli 454:470 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 58 theme order 473:477 arg1 Bacillales 479:488 order Bacillales 473:488 order Bacillales 473:488 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 6 59 theme rRNA 783:786 arg1 similarity 802:811 only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 767:811 only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 767:840 However, these strains shared only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 26338019 8 60 with relatedness 953:963 arg1 1.6134T 1010:1016 B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T 987:1016 B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T 987:1016 The DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with B. qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T was 42.9 ± 0.8. 26338019 12 61 theme Bacillaceae 1545:1555 arg1 member 1524:1529 a novel member 1516:1529 a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp 1516:1616 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 5 62 dep Bacillus 695:702 arg1 aidingensis 704:714 aidingensis 704:714 aidingensis 704:714 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 63 theme Bacillus 653:660 arg1 3912T 676:680 Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T 653:680 Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) 653:689 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 63 theme Bacillus 653:660 arg1 % 688:688 95.6 % 683:688 95.6 % 683:688 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 9 64 theme polar 1131:1135 arg1 lipids 1137:1142 the polar lipids 1127:1142 the polar lipids 1127:1142 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 26338019 1 65 theme qingdaonensis 115:127 arg1 reclassification 86:101 a salt pan, reclassification 74:101 reclassification 86:101 nov., a bacterium isolated from a salt pan, reclassification of Bacillus qingdaonensis as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 4 66 theme novel 237:241 arg1 IB5 337:339 IB5 337:339 IB5 337:339 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 66 theme novel 237:241 arg1 S7T 329:331 S7T 329:331 S7T 329:331 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 66 theme novel 237:241 arg1 strains 320:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains 233:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains 233:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 5 67 theme 16S 385:387 arg1 rRNA 389:392 16S rRNA 385:392 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 385:415 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 1 68 theme Salibacterium 132:144 arg1 comb 159:162 Salibacterium qingdaonense comb 132:162 Salibacterium qingdaonense comb 132:162 nov., a bacterium isolated from a salt pan, reclassification of Bacillus qingdaonensis as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 5 69 theme KCTC 671:674 arg1 3912T 676:680 Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T 653:680 Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) 653:689 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 5 69 theme KCTC 671:674 arg1 % 688:688 95.6 % 683:688 95.6 % 683:688 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 12 70 theme name 1572:1575 arg1 Salibacterium 1577:1589 the name Salibacterium 1568:1589 the name Salibacterium 1568:1589 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 7 71 theme DSM 852:854 arg1 10T 856:858 subtilis DSM 10T 843:858 subtilis DSM 10T 843:858 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that strains S7T and IB5 might not be members of the genus Bacillus. 26338019 4 72 theme bacterial 310:318 arg1 IB5 337:339 IB5 337:339 IB5 337:339 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 72 theme bacterial 310:318 arg1 S7T 329:331 S7T 329:331 S7T 329:331 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 4 72 theme bacterial 310:318 arg1 strains 320:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains 233:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains 233:326 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacterial strains, S7T and IB5, were isolated from Khavda, India. 26338019 7 73 dep strains 877:883 arg1 strains 877:883 strains 877:883 strains S7T and IB5 877:895 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that strains S7T and IB5 might not be members of the genus Bacillus. 26338019 7 73 dep strains 877:883 arg1 IB5 893:895 IB5 893:895 IB5 893:895 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that strains S7T and IB5 might not be members of the genus Bacillus. 26338019 7 73 dep strains 877:883 arg1 S7T 885:887 S7T 885:887 S7T 885:887 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that strains S7T and IB5 might not be members of the genus Bacillus. 26338019 5 74 theme CGMCC 567:571 arg1 1.6134T 573:579 Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T 544:579 Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity) 544:609 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 1 75 theme salt 76:79 arg1 reclassification 86:101 a salt pan, reclassification 74:101 reclassification 86:101 nov., a bacterium isolated from a salt pan, reclassification of Bacillus qingdaonensis as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 9 76 dep strains 1065:1071 arg1 IB5 1081:1083 IB5 1081:1083 IB5 1081:1083 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 26338019 9 76 dep strains 1065:1071 arg1 S7T 1073:1075 S7T 1073:1075 S7T 1073:1075 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 26338019 9 76 dep strains 1065:1071 arg1 strains 1065:1071 strains S7T and IB5 1065:1083 strains S7T and IB5 1065:1083 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 26338019 5 77 dep Bacillus 612:619 arg1 halochares 621:630 halochares 621:630 halochares 621:630 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 10 78 theme isoprenoid 1282:1291 arg1 MK-7 1305:1308 MK-7 1305:1308 MK-7 1305:1308 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26338019 10 78 theme isoprenoid 1282:1291 arg1 quinone 1293:1299 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1266:1299 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1266:1299 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26338019 14 79 theme 33658T = CGMCC 1699:1712 arg1 1.15324T 1714:1721  = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T 1691:1721  = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T 1691:1721 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans is S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T). 26338019 14 79 theme 33658T = CGMCC 1699:1712 arg1 S7T 1686:1688 S7T 1686:1688 S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T) 1686:1722 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans is S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T). 26338019 6 80 dep % 777:777 arg1 88.2  772:776 88.2  772:776 88.2  772:776 However, these strains shared only 88.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 26338019 15 81 theme qingdaonense 1889:1900 arg1 qingdaonensis 1797:1809 B. qingdaonensis 1794:1809 B. qingdaonensis 1794:1809 Based on the results of the present study, it is also suggested that B. qingdaonensis and B. halochares should be transferred to this novel genus, as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 15 81 theme qingdaonense 1889:1900 arg1 halochares 1818:1827 B. halochares 1815:1827 B. halochares 1815:1827 Based on the results of the present study, it is also suggested that B. qingdaonensis and B. halochares should be transferred to this novel genus, as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 15 81 theme qingdaonense 1889:1900 arg1 comb 1902:1905 Salibacterium qingdaonense comb 1875:1905 Salibacterium qingdaonense comb 1875:1905 Based on the results of the present study, it is also suggested that B. qingdaonensis and B. halochares should be transferred to this novel genus, as Salibacterium qingdaonense comb. 26338019 9 82 theme cell-wall 1038:1046 arg1 peptidoglycan 1048:1060 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1034:1060 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 1034:1083 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains S7T and IB5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 26338019 12 83 theme tests 1423:1427 arg1 results 1363:1369 The results 1359:1369 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1359:1427 The results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S7T and IB5, suggesting that they represent a novel member of the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salibacterium halotolerans gen. nov., sp. 26338019 5 84 theme gene 394:397 arg1 analysis 408:415 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 385:415 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 385:415 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis they were identified as belonging to the class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacillaceae, and were most closely related to Bacillus qingdaonensis CGMCC 1.6134T (97.3 %, sequence similarity), Bacillus halochares LMG 24571T (96.9 %), Bacillus salarius KCTC 3912T (95.6 %) and Bacillus aidingensis DSM 18341T (95.3 %). 26338019 14 85 theme Salibacterium 1656:1668 arg1 halotolerans 1670:1681 Salibacterium halotolerans 1656:1681 Salibacterium halotolerans 1656:1681 The type strain of Salibacterium halotolerans is S7T ( = KCTC 33658T = CGMCC 1.15324T). 26084256 6 0 theme LAS-degrading 1258:1270 arg1 community 1282:1290 an LAS-degrading microbial community 1255:1290 an LAS-degrading microbial community 1255:1290 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 6 1 theme sucrose 1177:1183 arg1 mixture 1166:1172 a mixture 1164:1172 a mixture of sucrose and ethanol 1164:1195 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 4 2 theme ethanol 632:638 arg1 replacement 604:614 The replacement 600:614 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition 600:686 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 5 3 from transition 835:844 arg1 community 863:871 the microbial community 849:871 the microbial community 849:871 A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation was observed using ion sequencing analysis. 26084256 1 4 theme related 237:243 arg1 community 255:263 the related microbial community 233:263 the related microbial community 233:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 5 5 theme co-substrate 935:946 arg1 variation 948:956 the co-substrate variation 931:956 the co-substrate variation 931:956 A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation was observed using ion sequencing analysis. 26084256 1 6 from efficiency 147:156 arg1 community 255:263 the related microbial community 233:263 the related microbial community 233:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 1 6 from efficiency 147:156 arg1 wastewater 218:227 laundry wastewater 210:227 laundry wastewater 210:227 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 1 7 theme microbial 245:253 arg1 community 255:263 the related microbial community 233:263 the related microbial community 233:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 6 8 dep mixture 1166:1172 arg1 response 1152:1159 response 1152:1159 response 1152:1159 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 6 9 theme ethanol-only 1059:1070 arg1 co-substrate 1072:1083 an ethanol-only co-substrate 1056:1083 an ethanol-only co-substrate 1056:1083 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 0 10 theme surfactant 100:109 arg1 degradation 74:84 the degradation 70:84 the degradation of an anionic surfactant 70:109 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. 26084256 5 11 theme ion 977:979 arg1 analysis 992:999 ion sequencing analysis 977:999 ion sequencing analysis 977:999 A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation was observed using ion sequencing analysis. 26084256 4 12 theme LAS 714:716 arg1 removal 718:724 LAS removal 714:724 LAS removal 714:724 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 1 13 theme linear 161:166 arg1 removal 197:203 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal 161:203 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community 161:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 0 14 theme anionic 92:98 arg1 surfactant 100:109 an anionic surfactant 89:109 an anionic surfactant 89:109 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. 26084256 5 15 theme sequencing 981:990 arg1 analysis 992:999 ion sequencing analysis 977:999 ion sequencing analysis 977:999 A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation was observed using ion sequencing analysis. 26084256 6 16 theme better 1227:1232 arg1 ethanol 1214:1220 ethanol 1214:1220 ethanol 1214:1220 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 6 16 theme better 1227:1232 arg1 option 1234:1239 a better option 1225:1239 a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community 1225:1290 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 1 17 theme alkylbenzene 168:179 arg1 sulfonate 181:189 alkylbenzene sulfonate 168:189 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community 161:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 1 17 theme alkylbenzene 168:179 arg1 LAS 192:194 LAS 192:194 LAS 192:194 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 0 18 theme comparative 4:14 arg1 advantages 16:25 The comparative advantages 0:25 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant 0:109 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. 26084256 4 19 theme substrate 666:674 arg1 composition 676:686 the substrate composition 662:686 the substrate composition 662:686 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 5 20 with conjunction 914:924 arg1 variation 948:956 the co-substrate variation 931:956 the co-substrate variation 931:956 A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation was observed using ion sequencing analysis. 26084256 1 21 theme sulfonate 181:189 arg1 removal 197:203 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal 161:203 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community 161:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 4 22 dep removed 774:780 arg1 stage 783:787 stage II 783:790 stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 % 783:829 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 6 23 theme LAS 1094:1096 arg1 degradation 1098:1108 LAS degradation 1094:1108 LAS degradation 1094:1108 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 1 24 from community 255:263 arg1 removal 197:203 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal 161:203 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community 161:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 1 24 from community 255:263 arg1 efficiency 147:156 The efficiency 143:156 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community 143:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 5 25 from Rhodocyclaceae 896:909 arg1 conjunction 914:924 conjunction 914:924 conjunction with the co-substrate variation 914:956 A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation was observed using ion sequencing analysis. 26084256 2 26 theme biomass 386:392 arg1 stage 405:409 the biomass adaptation stage 382:409 the biomass adaptation stage without LAS (stage I) 382:431 The AFBR was operated in three stages, in addition to the biomass adaptation stage without LAS (stage I). 26084256 2 27 theme adaptation 394:403 arg1 stage 405:409 the biomass adaptation stage 382:409 the biomass adaptation stage without LAS (stage I) 382:431 The AFBR was operated in three stages, in addition to the biomass adaptation stage without LAS (stage I). 26084256 4 28 with replacement 604:614 arg1 ethanol 645:651 ethanol 645:651 ethanol only for the substrate composition 645:686 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 4 29 theme sucrose 619:625 arg1 replacement 604:614 The replacement 600:614 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition 600:686 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 1 30 theme anaerobic 288:296 arg1 AFBR 321:324 AFBR 321:324 AFBR 321:324 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 1 30 theme anaerobic 288:296 arg1 reactor 312:318 an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor 285:318 an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) 285:325 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 6 31 dep co-substrate 1072:1083 arg1 response 1044:1051 response 1044:1051 response 1044:1051 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 5 32 from Comamonadaceae 878:891 arg1 transition 835:844 A transition 833:844 A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation 833:956 A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation was observed using ion sequencing analysis. 26084256 1 33 theme removal 197:203 arg1 efficiency 147:156 The efficiency 143:156 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community 143:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 0 34 theme ethanol 30:36 arg1 advantages 16:25 The comparative advantages 0:25 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant 0:109 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. 26084256 1 35 theme fluidized 298:306 arg1 AFBR 321:324 AFBR 321:324 AFBR 321:324 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 1 35 theme fluidized 298:306 arg1 reactor 312:318 an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor 285:318 an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) 285:325 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 0 36 theme community 122:130 arg1 selection 132:140 microbial community selection 112:140 microbial community selection 112:140 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. 26084256 3 37 contain had 579:581 arg1 stage 503:507 stage II 503:510 stage II had sucrose plus ethanol 503:535 The stages were differentiated by their supplementary co-substrates: stage II had sucrose plus ethanol, stage III had only ethanol, and stage IV had no co-substrate. 26084256 3 37 contain had 579:581 arg1 stage 570:574 stage IV 570:577 stage IV 570:577 The stages were differentiated by their supplementary co-substrates: stage II had sucrose plus ethanol, stage III had only ethanol, and stage IV had no co-substrate. 26084256 3 37 contain had 579:581 arg1 stage 538:542 stage III 538:546 stage III had only ethanol 538:563 The stages were differentiated by their supplementary co-substrates: stage II had sucrose plus ethanol, stage III had only ethanol, and stage IV had no co-substrate. 26084256 3 37 contain had 579:581 arg2 co-substrate 586:597 no co-substrate 583:597 no co-substrate 583:597 The stages were differentiated by their supplementary co-substrates: stage II had sucrose plus ethanol, stage III had only ethanol, and stage IV had no co-substrate. 26084256 2 38 theme stage 424:428 arg1 LAS 419:421 LAS 419:421 LAS (stage I) 419:431 The AFBR was operated in three stages, in addition to the biomass adaptation stage without LAS (stage I). 26084256 2 38 theme stage 424:428 arg1 I 430:430 stage I 424:430 stage I 424:430 The AFBR was operated in three stages, in addition to the biomass adaptation stage without LAS (stage I). 26084256 1 39 theme bed 308:310 arg1 AFBR 321:324 AFBR 321:324 AFBR 321:324 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 1 39 theme bed 308:310 arg1 reactor 312:318 an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor 285:318 an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) 285:325 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 0 40 from co-substrates 53:65 arg1 degradation 74:84 the degradation 70:84 the degradation of an anionic surfactant 70:109 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. 26084256 4 41 dep favored 688:694 arg1 remained 733:740 remained 733:740 remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %) 733:830 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 0 42 theme sucrose 42:48 arg1 advantages 16:25 The comparative advantages 0:25 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant 0:109 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. 26084256 0 43 theme microbial 112:120 arg1 selection 132:140 microbial community selection 112:140 microbial community selection 112:140 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. 26084256 4 44 dep stage 783:787 arg1 % 829:829 77 % 826:829 stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 % 783:829 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 4 44 dep stage 783:787 arg1 % 813:813 73 % 810:813 stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 % 783:829 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 4 44 dep stage 783:787 arg1 stage 816:820 stage IV 816:823 stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 % 783:829 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 4 44 dep stage 783:787 arg1 stage 799:803 stage III 799:807 stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 % 783:829 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 4 44 dep stage 783:787 arg1 % 796:796 52 % 793:796 stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 % 783:829 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 6 45 theme microbial 1006:1014 arg1 community 1016:1024 The microbial community 1002:1024 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate 1002:1083 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 6 46 theme ethanol 1189:1195 arg1 mixture 1166:1172 a mixture 1164:1172 a mixture of sucrose and ethanol 1164:1195 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 1 47 theme laundry 210:216 arg1 wastewater 218:227 laundry wastewater 210:227 laundry wastewater 210:227 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 1 48 from wastewater 218:227 arg1 removal 197:203 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal 161:203 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community 161:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 1 48 from wastewater 218:227 arg1 efficiency 147:156 The efficiency 143:156 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community 143:263 The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). 26084256 4 49 theme removal 718:724 arg1 efficiency 700:709 the efficiency 696:709 the efficiency of LAS removal 696:724 The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). 26084256 5 50 theme microbial 853:861 arg1 community 863:871 the microbial community 849:871 the microbial community 849:871 A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation was observed using ion sequencing analysis. 26084256 0 51 dep selection 132:140 arg1 advantages 16:25 The comparative advantages 0:25 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant 0:109 The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. 26084256 6 52 theme microbial 1272:1280 arg1 community 1282:1290 an LAS-degrading microbial community 1255:1290 an LAS-degrading microbial community 1255:1290 The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community. 26084256 3 53 theme supplementary 474:486 arg1 co-substrates 488:500 their supplementary co-substrates 468:500 their supplementary co-substrates 468:500 The stages were differentiated by their supplementary co-substrates: stage II had sucrose plus ethanol, stage III had only ethanol, and stage IV had no co-substrate. 28071743 4 0 theme strong 1035:1040 arg1 ability 1042:1048 a strong ability 1033:1048 a strong ability to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors 1033:1091 The results revealed that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX exhibited pH- and redox-controlled drug release, greatly reduced the toxicity of free DOX, while exhibiting a strong ability to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors. 28071743 1 1 theme grafted 343:349 arg1 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 1 theme grafted 343:349 arg1 nanohydrogels 365:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels 320:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 320:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 2 theme key 179:181 arg1 challenge 183:191 the key challenge 175:191 the key challenge 175:191 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 3 theme drug 284:287 arg1 ACDDS 307:311 ACDDS 307:311 ACDDS 307:311 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 3 theme drug 284:287 arg1 systems 298:304 anti-cancer drug delivery systems 272:304 anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS) 272:312 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 3 4 theme anti-cancer 734:744 arg1 effects 746:752 anti-cancer effects 734:752 anti-cancer effects in vivo 734:760 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 1 5 theme dextran 351:357 arg1 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 5 theme dextran 351:357 arg1 nanohydrogels 365:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels 320:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 320:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 6 theme sensitive 435:443 arg1 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 6 theme sensitive 435:443 arg1 junctions 468:476 redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions 429:476 redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 429:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 7 theme delivery 289:296 arg1 ACDDS 307:311 ACDDS 307:311 ACDDS 307:311 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 7 theme delivery 289:296 arg1 systems 298:304 anti-cancer drug delivery systems 272:304 anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS) 272:312 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 0 8 theme Drug 131:134 arg1 Systems 145:151 Efficient Drug Delivery Systems 121:151 Efficient Drug Delivery Systems 121:151 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 28071743 5 9 theme anti-cancer 1188:1198 arg1 therapeutics 1200:1211 anti-cancer therapeutics 1188:1211 anti-cancer therapeutics 1188:1211 Our study demonstrated that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX NGs are very promising candidates as ACDDS for anti-cancer therapeutics. 28071743 1 10 theme disulfide 445:453 arg1 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 10 theme disulfide 445:453 arg1 junctions 468:476 redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions 429:476 redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 429:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 11 theme systems 298:304 arg1 capability 258:267 their drug delivery capability 238:267 their drug delivery capability 238:267 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 11 theme systems 298:304 arg1 efficiency 223:232 fabrication efficiency 211:232 fabrication efficiency 211:232 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 0 12 theme Efficient 121:129 arg1 Systems 145:151 Efficient Drug Delivery Systems 121:151 Efficient Drug Delivery Systems 121:151 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 28071743 1 13 theme Dex 360:362 arg1 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 13 theme Dex 360:362 arg1 nanohydrogels 365:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels 320:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 320:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 4 14 theme pH- 935:937 arg1 release 965:971 pH- and redox-controlled drug release 935:971 pH- and redox-controlled drug release 935:971 The results revealed that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX exhibited pH- and redox-controlled drug release, greatly reduced the toxicity of free DOX, while exhibiting a strong ability to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors. 28071743 1 15 theme crosslinking 455:466 arg1 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 15 theme crosslinking 455:466 arg1 junctions 468:476 redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions 429:476 redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 429:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 0 16 theme Delivery 136:143 arg1 Systems 145:151 Efficient Drug Delivery Systems 121:151 Efficient Drug Delivery Systems 121:151 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 28071743 5 17 theme promising 1154:1162 arg1 candidates 1164:1173 very promising candidates 1149:1173 very promising candidates as ACDDS for anti-cancer therapeutics 1149:1211 Our study demonstrated that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX NGs are very promising candidates as ACDDS for anti-cancer therapeutics. 28071743 5 17 theme promising 1154:1162 arg1 NGs 1141:1143 the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX NGs 1122:1143 the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX NGs 1122:1143 Our study demonstrated that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX NGs are very promising candidates as ACDDS for anti-cancer therapeutics. 28071743 2 18 theme hydrazone 665:673 arg1 Dex-SS-PAA-DOX 681:694 Dex-SS-PAA-DOX 681:694 Dex-SS-PAA-DOX 681:694 The Dex-SS-PAA were subsequently conjugated with doxorubicin through an acid-labile hydrazone bond (Dex-SS-PAA-DOX). 28071743 2 18 theme hydrazone 665:673 arg1 bond 675:678 an acid-labile hydrazone bond 650:678 an acid-labile hydrazone bond (Dex-SS-PAA-DOX) 650:695 The Dex-SS-PAA were subsequently conjugated with doxorubicin through an acid-labile hydrazone bond (Dex-SS-PAA-DOX). 28071743 0 19 theme Assisted 14:21 arg1 Fabrication 23:33 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication 0:33 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 0:152 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 28071743 2 20 theme acid-labile 653:663 arg1 Dex-SS-PAA-DOX 681:694 Dex-SS-PAA-DOX 681:694 Dex-SS-PAA-DOX 681:694 The Dex-SS-PAA were subsequently conjugated with doxorubicin through an acid-labile hydrazone bond (Dex-SS-PAA-DOX). 28071743 2 20 theme acid-labile 653:663 arg1 bond 675:678 an acid-labile hydrazone bond 650:678 an acid-labile hydrazone bond (Dex-SS-PAA-DOX) 650:695 The Dex-SS-PAA were subsequently conjugated with doxorubicin through an acid-labile hydrazone bond (Dex-SS-PAA-DOX). 28071743 4 21 theme free 1006:1009 arg1 DOX 1011:1013 free DOX 1006:1013 free DOX 1006:1013 The results revealed that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX exhibited pH- and redox-controlled drug release, greatly reduced the toxicity of free DOX, while exhibiting a strong ability to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors. 28071743 0 22 theme Self-Assembly 0:12 arg1 Fabrication 23:33 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication 0:33 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 0:152 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 28071743 3 23 theme in 702:703 arg1 behavior 724:731 The in vitro drug release behavior 698:731 The in vitro drug release behavior 698:731 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 3 24 theme redox-dual 806:815 arg1 NGs 842:844 the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs 780:844 the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs 780:844 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 1 25 theme fabrication 211:221 arg1 efficiency 223:232 fabrication efficiency 211:232 fabrication efficiency 211:232 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 4 26 theme tumors 1086:1091 arg1 growth 1065:1070 the growth 1061:1070 the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors 1061:1091 The results revealed that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX exhibited pH- and redox-controlled drug release, greatly reduced the toxicity of free DOX, while exhibiting a strong ability to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors. 28071743 4 27 theme DOX 1011:1013 arg1 toxicity 994:1001 the toxicity 990:1001 the toxicity of free DOX 990:1013 The results revealed that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX exhibited pH- and redox-controlled drug release, greatly reduced the toxicity of free DOX, while exhibiting a strong ability to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors. 28071743 4 28 theme MDA-MB-231 1075:1084 arg1 tumors 1086:1091 MDA-MB-231 tumors 1075:1091 MDA-MB-231 tumors 1075:1091 The results revealed that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX exhibited pH- and redox-controlled drug release, greatly reduced the toxicity of free DOX, while exhibiting a strong ability to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors. 28071743 0 29 theme Nanohydrogels 52:64 arg1 Fabrication 23:33 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication 0:33 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 0:152 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 28071743 0 30 theme Dextran-Based 38:50 arg1 Nanohydrogels 52:64 Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels 38:64 Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels 38:64 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 28071743 1 31 theme polyacrylic 320:330 arg1 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 31 theme polyacrylic 320:330 arg1 nanohydrogels 365:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels 320:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 320:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 3 32 dep in 702:703 arg1 vitro 705:709 vitro 705:709 vitro 705:709 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 5 33 theme Dex-SS-PAA-DOX 1126:1139 arg1 candidates 1164:1173 very promising candidates 1149:1173 very promising candidates as ACDDS for anti-cancer therapeutics 1149:1211 Our study demonstrated that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX NGs are very promising candidates as ACDDS for anti-cancer therapeutics. 28071743 5 33 theme Dex-SS-PAA-DOX 1126:1139 arg1 NGs 1141:1143 the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX NGs 1122:1143 the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX NGs 1122:1143 Our study demonstrated that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX NGs are very promising candidates as ACDDS for anti-cancer therapeutics. 28071743 1 34 theme drug 244:247 arg1 capability 258:267 their drug delivery capability 238:267 their drug delivery capability 238:267 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 0 35 theme Reduction-Cleavable 71:89 arg1 Junctions 91:99 Reduction-Cleavable Junctions 71:99 Reduction-Cleavable Junctions 71:99 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 28071743 1 36 theme acid 332:335 arg1 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 36 theme acid 332:335 arg1 nanohydrogels 365:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels 320:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 320:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 4 37 theme drug 960:963 arg1 release 965:971 pH- and redox-controlled drug release 935:971 pH- and redox-controlled drug release 935:971 The results revealed that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX exhibited pH- and redox-controlled drug release, greatly reduced the toxicity of free DOX, while exhibiting a strong ability to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors. 28071743 1 38 theme covalent 390:397 arg1 structure 411:419 covalent crosslinked structure 390:419 covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 390:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 0 39 with Fabrication 23:33 arg1 Junctions 91:99 Reduction-Cleavable Junctions 71:99 Reduction-Cleavable Junctions 71:99 Self-Assembly Assisted Fabrication of Dextran-Based Nanohydrogels with Reduction-Cleavable Junctions for Applications as Efficient Drug Delivery Systems. 28071743 3 40 theme as-prepared 784:794 arg1 NGs 842:844 the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs 780:844 the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs 780:844 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 4 41 theme redox-controlled 943:958 arg1 release 965:971 pH- and redox-controlled drug release 935:971 pH- and redox-controlled drug release 935:971 The results revealed that the Dex-SS-PAA-DOX exhibited pH- and redox-controlled drug release, greatly reduced the toxicity of free DOX, while exhibiting a strong ability to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors. 28071743 1 42 theme crosslinked 399:409 arg1 structure 411:419 covalent crosslinked structure 390:419 covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 390:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 43 with nanohydrogels 365:377 arg1 structure 411:419 covalent crosslinked structure 390:419 covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 390:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 44 theme PAA 338:340 arg1 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 NGs 380:382 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 44 theme PAA 338:340 arg1 nanohydrogels 365:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels 320:377 polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 320:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 3 45 theme release 716:722 arg1 behavior 724:731 The in vitro drug release behavior 698:731 The in vitro drug release behavior 698:731 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 3 46 theme drug 711:714 arg1 behavior 724:731 The in vitro drug release behavior 698:731 The in vitro drug release behavior 698:731 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 1 47 theme delivery 249:256 arg1 capability 258:267 their drug delivery capability 238:267 their drug delivery capability 238:267 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 3 48 theme acid- 796:800 arg1 NGs 842:844 the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs 780:844 the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs 780:844 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 1 49 theme one-step 530:537 arg1 SAA 575:577 SAA 575:577 SAA 575:577 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 49 theme one-step 530:537 arg1 methodology 562:572 a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology 528:572 a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA) 528:578 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 50 link crosslinked 399:409 arg1 structure 411:419 covalent crosslinked structure 390:419 covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 390:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 51 theme redox 429:433 arg1 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 Dex-SS-PAA 479:488 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 51 theme redox 429:433 arg1 junctions 468:476 redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions 429:476 redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) 429:489 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 52 theme self-assembly 539:551 arg1 SAA 575:577 SAA 575:577 SAA 575:577 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 52 theme self-assembly 539:551 arg1 methodology 562:572 a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology 528:572 a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA) 528:578 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 3 53 theme responsive 817:826 arg1 NGs 842:844 the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs 780:844 the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs 780:844 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 3 54 theme biodegradable 828:840 arg1 NGs 842:844 the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs 780:844 the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs 780:844 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 1 55 theme assisted 553:560 arg1 SAA 575:577 SAA 575:577 SAA 575:577 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 55 theme assisted 553:560 arg1 methodology 562:572 a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology 528:572 a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA) 528:578 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 3 56 theme NGs 842:844 arg1 behavior 724:731 The in vitro drug release behavior 698:731 The in vitro drug release behavior 698:731 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 3 56 theme NGs 842:844 arg1 effects 746:752 anti-cancer effects 734:752 anti-cancer effects in vivo 734:760 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 3 56 theme NGs 842:844 arg1 biosafety 767:775 biosafety 767:775 biosafety 767:775 The in vitro drug release behavior, anti-cancer effects in vivo, and biosafety of the as-prepared acid- and redox-dual responsive biodegradable NGs were systematically investigated. 28071743 1 57 theme anti-cancer 272:282 arg1 ACDDS 307:311 ACDDS 307:311 ACDDS 307:311 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 28071743 1 57 theme anti-cancer 272:282 arg1 systems 298:304 anti-cancer drug delivery systems 272:304 anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS) 272:312 In order to overcome the key challenge in improving both fabrication efficiency and their drug delivery capability of anti-cancer drug delivery systems (ACDDS), here polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted dextran (Dex) nanohydrogels (NGs) with covalent crosslinked structure bearing redox sensitive disulfide crosslinking junctions (Dex-SS-PAA) were synthesized efficiently through a one-step self-assembly assisted methodology (SAA). 26454290 10 0 theme fat 1569:1571 arg1 percentage 1573:1582 milk fat percentage 1564:1582 milk fat percentage 1564:1582 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 1 1 theme lactating 248:256 arg1 cows 267:270 lactating Holstein cows 248:270 lactating Holstein cows 248:270 A completely randomized lactation trial was conducted to compare the production response of lactating Holstein cows to diets based on corn or forage sorghum silage harvested from 2 crops. 26454290 6 2 theme % 947:947 arg1 lignin 964:969 7.8% acid detergent lignin 944:969 7.8% acid detergent lignin 944:969 7.7, and 7.8% acid detergent lignin, for CSS, CSF, FSS, and FSF, respectively. 26454290 1 3 theme cows 267:270 arg1 response 236:243 the production response 221:243 the production response of lactating Holstein cows to diets based on corn 221:293 A completely randomized lactation trial was conducted to compare the production response of lactating Holstein cows to diets based on corn or forage sorghum silage harvested from 2 crops. 26454290 7 4 theme weight 1133:1138 arg1 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 153.5±37.2d in milk 1055:1073 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 4 theme weight 1133:1138 arg1 score 1170:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 4 theme weight 1133:1138 arg1 fat 1107:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 4 theme weight 1133:1138 arg1 cows 1049:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows 1014:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) 1014:1175 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 4 theme weight 1133:1138 arg1 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk 1076:1095 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 4 theme weight 1133:1138 arg1 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 611.8±67.0kg of body weight 1112:1138 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 5 theme condition 1160:1168 arg1 score 1170:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 5 theme condition 1160:1168 arg1 cows 1049:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows 1014:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) 1014:1175 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 1 6 theme lactation 180:188 arg1 trial 190:194 A completely randomized lactation trial 156:194 A completely randomized lactation trial 156:194 A completely randomized lactation trial was conducted to compare the production response of lactating Holstein cows to diets based on corn or forage sorghum silage harvested from 2 crops. 26454290 7 7 from score 1170:1174 arg1 milk 1070:1073 milk 1070:1073 milk 1070:1073 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 2 8 theme corn 488:491 arg1 CSF 506:508 corn silage-fall; CSF 488:508 corn silage-fall; CSF 488:508 Corn was planted in March and harvested in July (corn silage-summer; CSS) and a second corn crop was planted in July and harvested in November (corn silage-fall; CSF). 26454290 2 8 theme corn 488:491 arg1 November 478:485 November 478:485 November 478:485 Corn was planted in March and harvested in July (corn silage-summer; CSS) and a second corn crop was planted in July and harvested in November (corn silage-fall; CSF). 26454290 13 9 theme body 1956:1959 arg1 weight 1961:1966 body weight 1956:1966 body weight 1956:1966 No differences were observed in body weight or body condition score change during the trial. 26454290 0 10 theme corn 114:117 arg1 silage 119:124 corn silage 114:124 corn silage from first or second harvest 114:153 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 14 11 theme similar 2151:2157 arg1 intake 2159:2164 similar intake 2151:2164 similar intake 2151:2164 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 14 11 theme similar 2151:2157 arg1 crop 2133:2136 the ratoon crop 2122:2136 the ratoon crop 2122:2136 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 14 11 theme similar 2151:2157 arg1 diets 2185:2189 diets 2185:2189 diets based on corn silage 2185:2210 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 14 11 theme similar 2151:2157 arg1 first 2113:2117 first 2113:2117 first 2113:2117 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 14 11 theme similar 2151:2157 arg1 performance 2170:2180 performance 2170:2180 performance 2170:2180 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 7 12 theme % 1105:1105 arg1 cows 1049:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows 1014:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) 1014:1175 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 12 theme % 1105:1105 arg1 fat 1107:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 3 13 dep sorghum-fall 688:699 arg1 forage 681:686 forage 681:686 forage 681:686 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 3 13 dep sorghum-fall 688:699 arg1 FSF 702:704 FSF 702:704 forage sorghum-fall; FSF 681:704 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 3 14 theme dwarf 524:528 arg1 sorghum 550:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum 512:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum 512:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 3 15 dep sorghum 550:556 arg1 forage 543:548 forage 543:548 forage 543:548 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 9 16 theme equal 1423:1427 arg1 concentrations 1429:1442 equal concentrations 1423:1442 equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy 1423:1472 Diets were formulated to contain 38.7% of the experimental forages and balanced to provide equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy. 26454290 3 17 theme second 656:661 arg1 time 663:666 a second time 654:666 a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF) 654:705 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 11 18 theme Milk 1686:1689 arg1 percentage 1699:1708 Milk lactose percentage 1686:1708 Milk lactose percentage 1686:1708 Milk lactose percentage was lower for CSS compared with CSF but was not different from FSS or FSF. 26454290 10 19 theme matter 1511:1516 arg1 intake 1518:1523 dry matter intake 1507:1523 dry matter intake 1507:1523 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 6 20 theme detergent 954:962 arg1 lignin 964:969 7.8% acid detergent lignin 944:969 7.8% acid detergent lignin 944:969 7.7, and 7.8% acid detergent lignin, for CSS, CSF, FSS, and FSF, respectively. 26454290 13 21 dep weight 1961:1966 arg1 change 1992:1997 score change 1986:1997 score change 1986:1997 No differences were observed in body weight or body condition score change during the trial. 26454290 0 22 theme cows 60:63 arg1 response 32:39 Production response 21:39 Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic 21:76 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 3 23 theme midrib 536:541 arg1 sorghum 550:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum 512:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum 512:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 4 24 theme production 768:777 arg1 trial 779:783 the production trial 764:783 the production trial 764:783 All forage was ensiled in plastic bags and stored until the production trial began. 26454290 0 25 theme sorghum 85:91 arg1 silage 93:98 sorghum silage 85:98 sorghum silage 85:98 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 7 26 theme 2.96±0.09 1145:1153 arg1 score 1170:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 26 theme 2.96±0.09 1145:1153 arg1 cows 1049:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows 1014:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) 1014:1175 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 9 27 theme energy 1467:1472 arg1 concentrations 1429:1442 equal concentrations 1423:1442 equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy 1423:1472 Diets were formulated to contain 38.7% of the experimental forages and balanced to provide equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy. 26454290 9 28 contain contain 1357:1363 arg2 % 1369:1369 38.7% 1365:1369 38.7% of the experimental forages 1365:1397 Diets were formulated to contain 38.7% of the experimental forages and balanced to provide equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy. 26454290 9 28 contain contain 1357:1363 arg2 forages 1391:1397 the experimental forages 1374:1397 the experimental forages 1374:1397 Diets were formulated to contain 38.7% of the experimental forages and balanced to provide equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy. 26454290 9 28 contain contain 1357:1363 arg1 Diets 1332:1336 Diets 1332:1336 Diets 1332:1336 Diets were formulated to contain 38.7% of the experimental forages and balanced to provide equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy. 26454290 5 29 theme neutral 896:902 arg1 fiber 914:918 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber 868:918 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber 868:918 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 12 30 theme milk 1803:1806 arg1 nitrogen 1813:1820 milk urea nitrogen 1803:1820 milk urea nitrogen 1803:1820 Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen were lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF (10.6, 13.4, 14.9, and 15.3mg/dL, respectively). 26454290 0 31 theme Short 0:4 arg1 communication 6:18 Short communication 0:18 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 0:154 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 5 32 theme dry 811:813 arg1 basis 822:826 dry matter basis 811:826 dry matter basis 811:826 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 2 33 theme silage-summer 398:410 arg1 CSS 413:415 corn silage-summer; CSS 393:415 corn silage-summer; CSS 393:415 Corn was planted in March and harvested in July (corn silage-summer; CSS) and a second corn crop was planted in July and harvested in November (corn silage-fall; CSF). 26454290 2 33 theme silage-summer 398:410 arg1 July 387:390 July 387:390 July 387:390 Corn was planted in March and harvested in July (corn silage-summer; CSS) and a second corn crop was planted in July and harvested in November (corn silage-fall; CSF). 26454290 10 34 theme dry 1507:1509 arg1 intake 1518:1523 dry matter intake 1507:1523 dry matter intake 1507:1523 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 12 35 theme nitrogen 1813:1820 arg1 Concentrations 1785:1798 Concentrations 1785:1798 Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen 1785:1820 Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen were lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF (10.6, 13.4, 14.9, and 15.3mg/dL, respectively). 26454290 3 36 dep sorghum-summer 606:619 arg1 forage 599:604 forage 599:604 forage 599:604 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 3 36 dep sorghum-summer 606:619 arg1 FSS 622:624 FSS 622:624 forage sorghum-summer; FSS 599:624 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 2 37 theme second 424:429 arg1 crop 436:439 a second corn crop 422:439 a second corn crop 422:439 Corn was planted in March and harvested in July (corn silage-summer; CSS) and a second corn crop was planted in July and harvested in November (corn silage-fall; CSF). 26454290 10 38 located observed 1495:1502 arg1 yields 1529:1534 yields 1529:1534 yields of milk and components 1529:1557 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 10 38 located observed 1495:1502 arg2 differences 1478:1488 No differences 1475:1488 No differences 1475:1488 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 10 38 located observed 1495:1502 arg1 intake 1518:1523 dry matter intake 1507:1523 dry matter intake 1507:1523 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 14 39 theme brachytic 2073:2081 arg1 sorghum 2090:2096 brachytic forage sorghum 2073:2096 brachytic forage sorghum 2073:2096 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 5 40 theme % 851:851 arg1 protein 859:865 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein 829:865 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein 829:865 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 7 41 theme mid-lactation 1026:1038 arg1 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 153.5±37.2d in milk 1055:1073 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 41 theme mid-lactation 1026:1038 arg1 score 1170:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 41 theme mid-lactation 1026:1038 arg1 fat 1107:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 41 theme mid-lactation 1026:1038 arg1 cows 1049:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows 1014:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) 1014:1175 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 41 theme mid-lactation 1026:1038 arg1 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk 1076:1095 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 41 theme mid-lactation 1026:1038 arg1 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 611.8±67.0kg of body weight 1112:1138 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 0 42 theme lactating 44:52 arg1 cows 60:63 lactating dairy cows 44:63 lactating dairy cows 44:63 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 14 43 theme corn 2200:2203 arg1 silage 2205:2210 corn silage 2200:2210 corn silage 2200:2210 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 1 44 theme production 225:234 arg1 response 236:243 the production response 221:243 the production response of lactating Holstein cows to diets based on corn 221:293 A completely randomized lactation trial was conducted to compare the production response of lactating Holstein cows to diets based on corn or forage sorghum silage harvested from 2 crops. 26454290 14 45 theme trial 2033:2037 arg1 Results 2017:2023 Results 2017:2023 Results of this trial 2017:2037 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 7 46 dep cows 1049:1052 arg1 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 153.5±37.2d in milk 1055:1073 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 46 dep cows 1049:1052 arg1 score 1170:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 46 dep cows 1049:1052 arg1 fat 1107:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 46 dep cows 1049:1052 arg1 cows 1049:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows 1014:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) 1014:1175 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 46 dep cows 1049:1052 arg1 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk 1076:1095 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 46 dep cows 1049:1052 arg1 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 611.8±67.0kg of body weight 1112:1138 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 8 47 theme Calan 1311:1315 arg1 doors 1317:1321 Calan doors 1311:1321 Calan doors 1311:1321 Cows were individually fed experimental diets once daily behind Calan doors for 5wk. 26454290 11 48 from FSF 1780:1782 arg1 different 1758:1766 different 1758:1766 different 1758:1766 Milk lactose percentage was lower for CSS compared with CSF but was not different from FSS or FSF. 26454290 11 49 from FSS 1773:1775 arg1 different 1758:1766 different 1758:1766 different 1758:1766 Milk lactose percentage was lower for CSS compared with CSF but was not different from FSS or FSF. 26454290 4 50 theme plastic 734:740 arg1 bags 742:745 plastic bags 734:745 plastic bags 734:745 All forage was ensiled in plastic bags and stored until the production trial began. 26454290 0 51 from harvest 147:153 arg1 silage 119:124 corn silage 114:124 corn silage from first or second harvest 114:153 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 10 52 theme milk 1564:1567 arg1 percentage 1573:1582 milk fat percentage 1564:1582 milk fat percentage 1564:1582 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 1 53 theme Holstein 258:265 arg1 cows 267:270 lactating Holstein cows 248:270 lactating Holstein cows 248:270 A completely randomized lactation trial was conducted to compare the production response of lactating Holstein cows to diets based on corn or forage sorghum silage harvested from 2 crops. 26454290 6 54 theme 7.8 944:946 arg1 % 947:947 % 947:947 % 947:947 7.7, and 7.8% acid detergent lignin, for CSS, CSF, FSS, and FSF, respectively. 26454290 7 55 theme body 1155:1158 arg1 score 1170:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 55 theme body 1155:1158 arg1 cows 1049:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows 1014:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) 1014:1175 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 2 56 theme corn 431:434 arg1 crop 436:439 a second corn crop 422:439 a second corn crop 422:439 Corn was planted in March and harvested in July (corn silage-summer; CSS) and a second corn crop was planted in July and harvested in November (corn silage-fall; CSF). 26454290 1 57 theme randomized 169:178 arg1 trial 190:194 A completely randomized lactation trial 156:194 A completely randomized lactation trial 156:194 A completely randomized lactation trial was conducted to compare the production response of lactating Holstein cows to diets based on corn or forage sorghum silage harvested from 2 crops. 26454290 7 58 theme body 1128:1131 arg1 weight 1133:1138 body weight 1128:1138 body weight 1128:1138 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 2 59 theme silage-fall 493:503 arg1 CSF 506:508 corn silage-fall; CSF 488:508 corn silage-fall; CSF 488:508 Corn was planted in March and harvested in July (corn silage-summer; CSS) and a second corn crop was planted in July and harvested in November (corn silage-fall; CSF). 26454290 2 59 theme silage-fall 493:503 arg1 November 478:485 November 478:485 November 478:485 Corn was planted in March and harvested in July (corn silage-summer; CSS) and a second corn crop was planted in July and harvested in November (corn silage-fall; CSF). 26454290 4 60 dep All 708:710 arg1 forage 712:717 forage 712:717 forage 712:717 All forage was ensiled in plastic bags and stored until the production trial began. 26454290 9 61 theme forages 1391:1397 arg1 % 1369:1369 38.7% 1365:1369 38.7% of the experimental forages 1365:1397 Diets were formulated to contain 38.7% of the experimental forages and balanced to provide equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy. 26454290 9 61 theme forages 1391:1397 arg1 forages 1391:1397 the experimental forages 1374:1397 the experimental forages 1374:1397 Diets were formulated to contain 38.7% of the experimental forages and balanced to provide equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy. 26454290 0 62 theme first 131:135 arg1 harvest 147:153 first or second harvest 131:153 first or second harvest 131:153 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 3 63 theme brachytic 514:522 arg1 sorghum 550:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum 512:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum 512:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 5 64 contain contained 800:808 arg2 protein 859:865 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein 829:865 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein 829:865 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 5 64 contain contained 800:808 arg2 3.6 925:927 3.6 925:927 3.6 925:927 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 5 64 contain contained 800:808 arg1 Silages 792:798 Silages 792:798 Silages 792:798 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 5 64 contain contained 800:808 arg2 fiber 914:918 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber 868:918 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber 868:918 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 5 64 contain contained 800:808 arg2 2.8 930:932 2.8 930:932 2.8 930:932 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 0 65 theme second 140:145 arg1 harvest 147:153 first or second harvest 131:153 first or second harvest 131:153 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 9 66 theme experimental 1378:1389 arg1 forages 1391:1397 the experimental forages 1374:1397 the experimental forages 1374:1397 Diets were formulated to contain 38.7% of the experimental forages and balanced to provide equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy. 26454290 7 67 theme 3.2±0.6 1098:1104 arg1 % 1105:1105 % 1105:1105 % 1105:1105 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 13 68 located observed 1944:1951 arg1 weight 1961:1966 body weight 1956:1966 body weight 1956:1966 No differences were observed in body weight or body condition score change during the trial. 26454290 13 68 located observed 1944:1951 arg1 condition 1976:1984 body condition 1971:1984 body condition 1971:1984 No differences were observed in body weight or body condition score change during the trial. 26454290 13 68 located observed 1944:1951 arg2 differences 1927:1937 No differences 1924:1937 No differences 1924:1937 No differences were observed in body weight or body condition score change during the trial. 26454290 7 69 from 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 arg1 milk 1070:1073 milk 1070:1073 milk 1070:1073 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 14 70 theme ratoon 2126:2131 arg1 intake 2159:2164 similar intake 2151:2164 similar intake 2151:2164 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 14 70 theme ratoon 2126:2131 arg1 crop 2133:2136 the ratoon crop 2122:2136 the ratoon crop 2122:2136 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 14 70 theme ratoon 2126:2131 arg1 performance 2170:2180 performance 2170:2180 performance 2170:2180 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 11 71 theme lactose 1691:1697 arg1 percentage 1699:1708 Milk lactose percentage 1686:1708 Milk lactose percentage 1686:1708 Milk lactose percentage was lower for CSS compared with CSF but was not different from FSS or FSF. 26454290 14 72 dep sorghum 2090:2096 arg1 forage 2083:2088 forage 2083:2088 forage 2083:2088 Results of this trial suggest that silage produced from brachytic forage sorghum, as either the first or the ratoon crop, can support similar intake and performance as diets based on corn silage. 26454290 7 73 theme milk 1092:1095 arg1 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 153.5±37.2d in milk 1055:1073 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 73 theme milk 1092:1095 arg1 score 1170:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 73 theme milk 1092:1095 arg1 fat 1107:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 73 theme milk 1092:1095 arg1 cows 1049:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows 1014:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) 1014:1175 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 73 theme milk 1092:1095 arg1 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk 1076:1095 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 73 theme milk 1092:1095 arg1 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 611.8±67.0kg of body weight 1112:1138 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 3 74 theme brown 530:534 arg1 sorghum 550:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum 512:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum 512:556 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 9 75 theme protein 1447:1453 arg1 concentrations 1429:1442 equal concentrations 1423:1442 equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy 1423:1472 Diets were formulated to contain 38.7% of the experimental forages and balanced to provide equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy. 26454290 6 76 theme acid 949:952 arg1 lignin 964:969 7.8% acid detergent lignin 944:969 7.8% acid detergent lignin 944:969 7.7, and 7.8% acid detergent lignin, for CSS, CSF, FSS, and FSF, respectively. 26454290 12 77 dep lower 1827:1831 arg1 14.9 1888:1891 14.9 1888:1891 14.9 1888:1891 Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen were lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF (10.6, 13.4, 14.9, and 15.3mg/dL, respectively). 26454290 12 77 dep lower 1827:1831 arg1 15.3mg/dL 1898:1906 15.3mg/dL 1898:1906 15.3mg/dL 1898:1906 Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen were lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF (10.6, 13.4, 14.9, and 15.3mg/dL, respectively). 26454290 9 78 theme fiber 1456:1460 arg1 concentrations 1429:1442 equal concentrations 1423:1442 equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy 1423:1472 Diets were formulated to contain 38.7% of the experimental forages and balanced to provide equal concentrations of protein, fiber, and energy. 26454290 3 79 from time 663:666 arg1 sorghum-fall 688:699 forage sorghum-fall 681:699 forage sorghum-fall; FSF 681:704 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 3 79 from time 663:666 arg1 November 671:678 November 671:678 November 671:678 A brachytic dwarf brown midrib forage sorghum was planted in April, harvested in July (forage sorghum-summer; FSS), fertilized, and harvested a second time in November (forage sorghum-fall; FSF). 26454290 13 80 theme body 1971:1974 arg1 condition 1976:1984 body condition 1971:1984 body condition 1971:1984 No differences were observed in body weight or body condition score change during the trial. 26454290 5 81 dep contained 800:808 arg1 basis 822:826 dry matter basis 811:826 dry matter basis 811:826 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 5 82 theme % 894:894 arg1 fiber 914:918 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber 868:918 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber 868:918 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 13 83 theme score 1986:1990 arg1 change 1992:1997 score change 1986:1997 score change 1986:1997 No differences were observed in body weight or body condition score change during the trial. 26454290 7 84 from 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 arg1 milk 1070:1073 milk 1070:1073 milk 1070:1073 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 5 85 theme detergent 904:912 arg1 fiber 914:918 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber 868:918 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber 868:918 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 0 86 theme Production 21:30 arg1 response 32:39 Production response 21:39 Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic 21:76 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 5 87 theme matter 815:820 arg1 basis 822:826 dry matter basis 811:826 dry matter basis 811:826 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 7 88 theme Holstein 1040:1047 arg1 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 153.5±37.2d in milk 1055:1073 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 88 theme Holstein 1040:1047 arg1 score 1170:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 2.96±0.09 body condition score 1145:1174 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 88 theme Holstein 1040:1047 arg1 fat 1107:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 3.2±0.6% fat 1098:1109 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 88 theme Holstein 1040:1047 arg1 cows 1049:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows 1014:1052 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) 1014:1175 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 88 theme Holstein 1040:1047 arg1 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 35.7±6.2kg/d 1076:1087 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk 1076:1095 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 88 theme Holstein 1040:1047 arg1 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 611.8±67.0kg 1112:1123 611.8±67.0kg of body weight 1112:1138 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 2 89 theme corn 393:396 arg1 CSS 413:415 corn silage-summer; CSS 393:415 corn silage-summer; CSS 393:415 Corn was planted in March and harvested in July (corn silage-summer; CSS) and a second corn crop was planted in July and harvested in November (corn silage-fall; CSF). 26454290 2 89 theme corn 393:396 arg1 July 387:390 July 387:390 July 387:390 Corn was planted in March and harvested in July (corn silage-summer; CSS) and a second corn crop was planted in July and harvested in November (corn silage-fall; CSF). 26454290 10 90 theme milk 1539:1542 arg1 yields 1529:1534 yields 1529:1534 yields of milk and components 1529:1557 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 10 90 theme milk 1539:1542 arg1 intake 1518:1523 dry matter intake 1507:1523 dry matter intake 1507:1523 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 12 91 theme urea 1808:1811 arg1 nitrogen 1813:1820 milk urea nitrogen 1803:1820 milk urea nitrogen 1803:1820 Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen were lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF (10.6, 13.4, 14.9, and 15.3mg/dL, respectively). 26454290 7 92 from fat 1107:1109 arg1 milk 1070:1073 milk 1070:1073 milk 1070:1073 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 8 93 theme experimental 1274:1285 arg1 diets 1287:1291 experimental diets 1274:1291 experimental diets 1274:1291 Cows were individually fed experimental diets once daily behind Calan doors for 5wk. 26454290 0 94 theme dairy 54:58 arg1 cows 60:63 lactating dairy cows 44:63 lactating dairy cows 44:63 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 5 95 theme crude 853:857 arg1 protein 859:865 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein 829:865 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein 829:865 Silages contained (dry matter basis) 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5% crude protein; 39.0, 38.3, 54.2, and 55.1% neutral detergent fiber; and 3.6, 2.8. 26454290 1 96 theme sorghum 305:311 arg1 silage 313:318 sorghum silage 305:318 sorghum silage harvested from 2 crops 305:341 A completely randomized lactation trial was conducted to compare the production response of lactating Holstein cows to diets based on corn or forage sorghum silage harvested from 2 crops. 26454290 7 97 theme 4diets 1212:1217 arg1 1 1203:1203 1 1203:1203 1 1203:1203 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 97 theme 4diets 1212:1217 arg1 4diets 1212:1217 the 4diets 1208:1217 the 4diets differing in forage source 1208:1244 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 10 98 theme components 1548:1557 arg1 yields 1529:1534 yields 1529:1534 yields of milk and components 1529:1557 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 10 98 theme components 1548:1557 arg1 intake 1518:1523 dry matter intake 1507:1523 dry matter intake 1507:1523 No differences were observed in dry matter intake and yields of milk and components, but milk fat percentage was lower for CSS and CSF compared with FSS and FSF, being 3.20, 2.91, 3.42, and 3.53%, respectively. 26454290 0 99 dep communication 6:18 arg1 forage 78:83 forage 78:83 forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest 78:153 Short communication: Production response of lactating dairy cows to brachytic forage sorghum silage compared with corn silage from first or second harvest. 26454290 7 100 from 153.5±37.2d 1055:1065 arg1 milk 1070:1073 milk 1070:1073 milk 1070:1073 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 26454290 7 101 dep source 1239:1244 arg1 forage 1232:1237 forage 1232:1237 forage 1232:1237 Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows (153.5±37.2d in milk, 35.7±6.2kg/d of milk, 3.2±0.6% fat, 611.8±67.0kg of body weight, and 2.96±0.09 body condition score) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4diets differing in forage source. 25761366 3 0 theme more 705:708 arg1 scope 718:722 a significantly more limited scope 689:722 a significantly more limited scope 689:722 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 7 1 theme mutant 1153:1158 arg1 strains 1160:1166 C. jejuni mutant strains 1143:1166 C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects 1143:1228 The label can be targeted towards specific glycoconjugates using C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects. 25761366 7 2 with strains 1160:1166 arg1 N-glycan 1173:1180 N-glycan 1173:1180 N-glycan 1173:1180 The label can be targeted towards specific glycoconjugates using C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects. 25761366 7 2 with strains 1160:1166 arg1 LOS 1208:1210 LOS 1208:1210 LOS 1208:1210 The label can be targeted towards specific glycoconjugates using C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects. 25761366 7 2 with strains 1160:1166 arg1 lipo-oligosaccharides 1185:1205 lipo-oligosaccharides 1185:1205 lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) 1185:1211 The label can be targeted towards specific glycoconjugates using C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects. 25761366 1 3 theme cell-surface 100:111 arg1 glycolipids 113:123 cell-surface glycolipids 100:123 cell-surface glycolipids 100:123 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 7 4 theme C. 1143:1144 arg1 strains 1160:1166 C. jejuni mutant strains 1143:1166 C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects 1143:1228 The label can be targeted towards specific glycoconjugates using C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects. 25761366 9 5 theme GalO 1484:1487 arg1 reaction 1489:1496 the GalO reaction 1480:1496 the GalO reaction 1480:1496 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 3 6 contain has 685:687 arg1 labeling 576:583 carbohydrate metabolic labeling 553:583 carbohydrate metabolic labeling 553:583 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 3 6 contain has 685:687 arg1 tool 597:600 a powerful tool 586:600 a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans 586:631 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 3 6 contain has 685:687 arg2 scope 718:722 a significantly more limited scope 689:722 a significantly more limited scope 689:722 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 2 7 theme jejuni 294:299 arg1 glycoconjugates 301:315 C. jejuni glycoconjugates 291:315 C. jejuni glycoconjugates 291:315 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 8 8 link N-linked 1369:1376 arg1 glycoproteins 1378:1390 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins 1349:1390 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1349:1454 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 5 9 used used 880:883 arg2 GalO 871:874 GalO 871:874 GalO 871:874 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 5 9 used used 880:883 arg2 oxidase 862:868 Galactose oxidase 852:868 Galactose oxidase (GalO) 852:875 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 1 10 theme bacteria 214:221 arg1 colonization 187:198 colonization 187:198 colonization 187:198 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 1 10 theme bacteria 214:221 arg1 adhesion 174:181 adhesion 174:181 adhesion 174:181 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 1 10 theme bacteria 214:221 arg1 motility 164:171 motility 164:171 motility 164:171 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 8 11 theme GalO-catalyzed 1231:1244 arg1 labeling 1246:1253 GalO-catalyzed labeling 1231:1253 GalO-catalyzed labeling 1231:1253 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 9 12 theme N-glycosylated 1614:1627 arg1 proteins 1643:1650 N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins 1614:1650 N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins 1614:1650 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 10 13 theme interest 1816:1823 arg1 glycoproteins 1799:1811 glycoproteins 1799:1811 glycoproteins of interest in any bacteria 1799:1839 While this study focuses on the GalO-catalyzed labeling of C. jejuni, it can in principle be used to evaluate glycosylation patterns and identify glycoproteins of interest in any bacteria. 25761366 10 14 theme GalO-catalyzed 1685:1698 arg1 labeling 1700:1707 the GalO-catalyzed labeling 1681:1707 the GalO-catalyzed labeling of C. jejuni 1681:1720 While this study focuses on the GalO-catalyzed labeling of C. jejuni, it can in principle be used to evaluate glycosylation patterns and identify glycoproteins of interest in any bacteria. 25761366 2 15 with comparison 455:464 arg1 understanding 475:487 our understanding 471:487 our understanding of mammalian glycosylation 471:514 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 9 16 theme jejuni 1536:1541 arg1 labeling 1521:1528 live-cell fluorescent labeling 1499:1528 live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni 1499:1541 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 8 17 theme glycoproteins 1271:1283 arg1 labeling 1246:1253 GalO-catalyzed labeling 1231:1253 GalO-catalyzed labeling 1231:1253 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 8 18 link O-linked 1425:1432 arg1 PorA 1451:1454 a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1403:1454 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1349:1454 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 8 19 theme extracellular 1355:1367 arg1 glycoproteins 1378:1390 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins 1349:1390 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1349:1454 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 8 20 theme PorA 1451:1454 arg1 identification 1331:1344 identification 1331:1344 identification 1331:1344 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 8 20 theme PorA 1451:1454 arg1 purification 1314:1325 purification 1314:1325 purification 1314:1325 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 5 21 theme GalNAc 928:933 arg1 residues 935:942 terminal GalNAc residues 919:942 terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans 919:963 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 5 21 theme GalNAc 928:933 arg1 glycans 957:963 C. jejuni glycans 947:963 C. jejuni glycans 947:963 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 6 22 theme aminooxy-functionalized 1019:1041 arg1 tags 1056:1059 aminooxy-functionalized purification tags 1019:1059 aminooxy-functionalized purification tags 1019:1059 This newly generated aldehyde can be conjugated with aminooxy-functionalized purification tags or fluorophores. 25761366 8 23 theme glycoproteins 1378:1390 arg1 identification 1331:1344 identification 1331:1344 identification 1331:1344 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 8 23 theme glycoproteins 1378:1390 arg1 purification 1314:1325 purification 1314:1325 purification 1314:1325 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 2 24 theme cell-surface 267:278 arg1 display 280:286 the cell-surface display 263:286 the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates 263:315 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 2 24 theme cell-surface 267:278 arg1 focus 330:334 the focus 326:334 the focus of considerable attention 326:360 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 8 25 with labeling 1246:1253 arg1 biotin 1290:1295 biotin 1290:1295 biotin 1290:1295 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 9 26 theme surface-exposed 1577:1591 arg1 LOS 1593:1595 surface-exposed LOS 1577:1595 surface-exposed LOS 1577:1595 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 9 27 used used 1547:1550 arg2 labeling 1521:1528 live-cell fluorescent labeling 1499:1528 live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni 1499:1541 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 4 28 theme strategy 777:784 arg1 development 747:757 the development 743:757 the development of an alternative strategy that can be used to study bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates 743:849 Herein, we report the development of an alternative strategy that can be used to study bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 1 29 theme glycoproteins 129:141 arg1 display 89:95 The display 85:95 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins 85:141 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 1 29 theme glycoproteins 129:141 arg1 essential 146:154 essential 146:154 essential 146:154 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 8 30 dep purification 1314:1325 arg1 the 1310:1312 the 1310:1312 the 1310:1312 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 6 31 theme generated 977:985 arg1 aldehyde 987:994 This newly generated aldehyde 966:994 This newly generated aldehyde 966:994 This newly generated aldehyde can be conjugated with aminooxy-functionalized purification tags or fluorophores. 25761366 8 32 theme identified 1414:1423 arg1 PorA 1451:1454 a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1403:1454 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1349:1454 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 10 33 theme C. 1712:1713 arg1 jejuni 1715:1720 C. jejuni 1712:1720 C. jejuni 1712:1720 While this study focuses on the GalO-catalyzed labeling of C. jejuni, it can in principle be used to evaluate glycosylation patterns and identify glycoproteins of interest in any bacteria. 25761366 7 34 dep N-glycan 1173:1180 arg1 defects 1222:1228 assembly defects 1213:1228 assembly defects 1213:1228 The label can be targeted towards specific glycoconjugates using C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects. 25761366 8 35 theme glycan 1434:1439 arg1 PorA 1451:1454 a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1403:1454 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1349:1454 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 0 36 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 labeling 22:29 Selective biochemical labeling 0:29 Selective biochemical labeling of Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates. 0:83 Selective biochemical labeling of Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 5 37 from C-6 912:914 arg1 aldehyde 900:907 an aldehyde 897:907 an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans 897:963 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 1 38 theme glycolipids 113:123 arg1 display 89:95 The display 85:95 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins 85:141 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 1 38 theme glycolipids 113:123 arg1 essential 146:154 essential 146:154 essential 146:154 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 1 39 dep motility 164:171 arg1 the 160:162 the 160:162 the 160:162 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 5 40 theme jejuni 950:955 arg1 glycans 957:963 C. jejuni glycans 947:963 C. jejuni glycans 947:963 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 2 41 theme glycosylation 502:514 arg1 understanding 475:487 our understanding 471:487 our understanding of mammalian glycosylation 471:514 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 4 42 theme cell-surface 822:833 arg1 glycoconjugates 835:849 bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates 812:849 bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates 812:849 Herein, we report the development of an alternative strategy that can be used to study bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 0 43 theme Campylobacter 34:46 arg1 glycoconjugates 68:82 Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates 34:82 Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates 34:82 Selective biochemical labeling of Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 10 44 gly glycoproteins 1799:1811 arg1 glycoproteins 1799:1811 glycoproteins 1799:1811 glycoproteins of interest in any bacteria 1799:1839 While this study focuses on the GalO-catalyzed labeling of C. jejuni, it can in principle be used to evaluate glycosylation patterns and identify glycoproteins of interest in any bacteria. 25761366 0 45 theme cell-surface 55:66 arg1 glycoconjugates 68:82 Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates 34:82 Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates 34:82 Selective biochemical labeling of Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 3 46 theme carbohydrate 553:564 arg1 labeling 576:583 carbohydrate metabolic labeling 553:583 carbohydrate metabolic labeling 553:583 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 3 46 theme carbohydrate 553:564 arg1 tool 597:600 a powerful tool 586:600 a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans 586:631 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 7 47 dep The 1078:1080 arg1 label 1082:1086 label 1082:1086 label 1082:1086 The label can be targeted towards specific glycoconjugates using C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects. 25761366 10 48 used used 1746:1749 arg2 it 1723:1724 it 1723:1724 it 1723:1724 While this study focuses on the GalO-catalyzed labeling of C. jejuni, it can in principle be used to evaluate glycosylation patterns and identify glycoproteins of interest in any bacteria. 25761366 7 49 theme jejuni 1146:1151 arg1 strains 1160:1166 C. jejuni mutant strains 1143:1166 C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects 1143:1228 The label can be targeted towards specific glycoconjugates using C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects. 25761366 3 50 theme reasons 528:534 arg1 One 517:519 One 517:519 One 517:519 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 3 50 theme reasons 528:534 arg1 reasons 528:534 the reasons 524:534 the reasons for this 524:543 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 9 51 theme fluorescent 1509:1519 arg1 labeling 1521:1528 live-cell fluorescent labeling 1499:1528 live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni 1499:1541 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 3 52 theme limited 710:716 arg1 scope 718:722 a significantly more limited scope 689:722 a significantly more limited scope 689:722 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 3 53 theme metabolic 566:574 arg1 labeling 576:583 carbohydrate metabolic labeling 553:583 carbohydrate metabolic labeling 553:583 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 3 53 theme metabolic 566:574 arg1 tool 597:600 a powerful tool 586:600 a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans 586:631 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 3 54 theme powerful 588:595 arg1 labeling 576:583 carbohydrate metabolic labeling 553:583 carbohydrate metabolic labeling 553:583 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 3 54 theme powerful 588:595 arg1 tool 597:600 a powerful tool 586:600 a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans 586:631 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 7 55 theme specific 1112:1119 arg1 glycoconjugates 1121:1135 specific glycoconjugates 1112:1135 specific glycoconjugates 1112:1135 The label can be targeted towards specific glycoconjugates using C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects. 25761366 2 56 theme glycoconjugates 301:315 arg1 display 280:286 the cell-surface display 263:286 the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates 263:315 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 2 56 theme glycoconjugates 301:315 arg1 focus 330:334 the focus 326:334 the focus of considerable attention 326:360 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 9 57 theme live-cell 1499:1507 arg1 labeling 1521:1528 live-cell fluorescent labeling 1499:1528 live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni 1499:1541 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 9 58 theme reaction 1489:1496 arg1 scope 1471:1475 the scope 1467:1475 the scope of the GalO reaction 1467:1496 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 2 59 theme considerable 339:350 arg1 attention 352:360 considerable attention 339:360 considerable attention 339:360 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 1 60 theme pathogenic 203:212 arg1 bacteria 214:221 pathogenic bacteria 203:221 pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni 203:250 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 1 60 theme pathogenic 203:212 arg1 jejuni 245:250 Campylobacter jejuni 231:250 Campylobacter jejuni 231:250 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 8 61 gly glycoproteins 1271:1283 arg1 glycoproteins 1271:1283 cell-surface glycoproteins 1258:1283 cell-surface glycoproteins 1258:1283 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 5 62 theme Galactose 852:860 arg1 GalO 871:874 GalO 871:874 GalO 871:874 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 5 62 theme Galactose 852:860 arg1 oxidase 862:868 Galactose oxidase 852:868 Galactose oxidase (GalO) 852:875 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 3 63 theme mammalian 615:623 arg1 glycans 625:631 mammalian glycans 615:631 mammalian glycans 615:631 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 4 64 used used 798:801 arg2 strategy 777:784 an alternative strategy 762:784 an alternative strategy that can be used to study bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates 762:849 Herein, we report the development of an alternative strategy that can be used to study bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 9 65 theme C. 1533:1534 arg1 jejuni 1536:1541 C. jejuni 1533:1541 C. jejuni 1533:1541 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 8 66 theme cell-surface 1258:1269 arg1 glycoproteins 1271:1283 cell-surface glycoproteins 1258:1283 cell-surface glycoproteins 1258:1283 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 2 67 theme C. 291:292 arg1 glycoconjugates 301:315 C. jejuni glycoconjugates 291:315 C. jejuni glycoconjugates 291:315 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 5 68 theme terminal 919:926 arg1 residues 935:942 terminal GalNAc residues 919:942 terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans 919:963 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 5 68 theme terminal 919:926 arg1 glycans 957:963 C. jejuni glycans 947:963 C. jejuni glycans 947:963 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 6 69 theme purification 1043:1054 arg1 tags 1056:1059 aminooxy-functionalized purification tags 1019:1059 aminooxy-functionalized purification tags 1019:1059 This newly generated aldehyde can be conjugated with aminooxy-functionalized purification tags or fluorophores. 25761366 9 70 theme LOS 1593:1595 arg1 levels 1567:1572 the levels 1563:1572 the levels of surface-exposed LOS 1563:1595 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 8 71 theme known 1349:1353 arg1 glycoproteins 1378:1390 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins 1349:1390 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1349:1454 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 10 72 from glycoproteins 1799:1811 arg1 bacteria 1832:1839 any bacteria 1828:1839 any bacteria 1828:1839 While this study focuses on the GalO-catalyzed labeling of C. jejuni, it can in principle be used to evaluate glycosylation patterns and identify glycoproteins of interest in any bacteria. 25761366 8 73 theme N-linked 1369:1376 arg1 glycoproteins 1378:1390 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins 1349:1390 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1349:1454 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 9 74 dep N-glycosylated 1614:1627 arg1 cell-surface 1630:1641 cell-surface 1630:1641 cell-surface 1630:1641 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 5 75 theme glycans 957:963 arg1 residues 935:942 terminal GalNAc residues 919:942 terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans 919:963 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 5 75 theme glycans 957:963 arg1 glycans 957:963 C. jejuni glycans 947:963 C. jejuni glycans 947:963 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 4 76 theme alternative 765:775 arg1 strategy 777:784 an alternative strategy 762:784 an alternative strategy that can be used to study bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates 762:849 Herein, we report the development of an alternative strategy that can be used to study bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 1 77 gly glycoproteins 129:141 arg1 glycoproteins 129:141 glycoproteins 129:141 glycoproteins 129:141 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 8 78 gly glycoproteins 1378:1390 arg1 glycoproteins 1378:1390 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins 1349:1390 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1349:1454 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 7 79 theme assembly 1213:1220 arg1 defects 1222:1228 assembly defects 1213:1228 assembly defects 1213:1228 The label can be targeted towards specific glycoconjugates using C. jejuni mutant strains with N-glycan or lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) assembly defects. 25761366 0 80 theme biochemical 10:20 arg1 labeling 22:29 Selective biochemical labeling 0:29 Selective biochemical labeling of Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates. 0:83 Selective biochemical labeling of Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 5 81 theme residues 935:942 arg1 C-6 912:914 C-6 912:914 C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans 912:963 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 8 82 theme O-linked 1425:1432 arg1 PorA 1451:1454 a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1403:1454 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1349:1454 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 2 83 theme roles 397:401 arg1 understanding 376:388 our understanding 372:388 our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria 372:438 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 5 84 theme C. 947:948 arg1 glycans 957:963 C. jejuni glycans 947:963 C. jejuni glycans 947:963 Galactose oxidase (GalO) is used to generate an aldehyde at C-6 of terminal GalNAc residues of C. jejuni glycans. 25761366 3 85 theme bacterial 663:671 arg1 systems 673:679 bacterial systems 663:679 bacterial systems 663:679 One of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, a powerful tool for studying mammalian glycans, is difficult to establish in bacterial systems and has a significantly more limited scope. 25761366 8 86 theme modifying 1441:1449 arg1 PorA 1451:1454 a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1403:1454 known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA 1349:1454 GalO-catalyzed labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins with biotin, allowed for the purification and identification of known extracellular N-linked glycoproteins as well as a recently identified O-linked glycan modifying PorA. 25761366 0 87 theme jejuni 48:53 arg1 glycoconjugates 68:82 Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates 34:82 Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates 34:82 Selective biochemical labeling of Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 1 88 theme Campylobacter 231:243 arg1 jejuni 245:250 Campylobacter jejuni 231:250 Campylobacter jejuni 231:250 The display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni. 25761366 9 89 theme proteins 1643:1650 arg1 levels 1604:1609 the levels 1600:1609 the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins 1600:1650 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 2 90 theme mammalian 492:500 arg1 glycosylation 502:514 mammalian glycosylation 492:514 mammalian glycosylation 492:514 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 9 91 gly N-glycosylated 1614:1627 arg1 proteins 1643:1650 N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins 1614:1650 N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins 1614:1650 To expand the scope of the GalO reaction, live-cell fluorescent labeling of C. jejuni was used to compare the levels of surface-exposed LOS to the levels of N-glycosylated, cell-surface proteins. 25761366 4 92 theme bacterial 812:820 arg1 glycoconjugates 835:849 bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates 812:849 bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates 812:849 Herein, we report the development of an alternative strategy that can be used to study bacterial cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 10 93 theme jejuni 1715:1720 arg1 labeling 1700:1707 the GalO-catalyzed labeling 1681:1707 the GalO-catalyzed labeling of C. jejuni 1681:1720 While this study focuses on the GalO-catalyzed labeling of C. jejuni, it can in principle be used to evaluate glycosylation patterns and identify glycoproteins of interest in any bacteria. 25761366 0 94 theme glycoconjugates 68:82 arg1 labeling 22:29 Selective biochemical labeling 0:29 Selective biochemical labeling of Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates. 0:83 Selective biochemical labeling of Campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates. 25761366 2 95 theme attention 352:360 arg1 focus 330:334 the focus 326:334 the focus of considerable attention 326:360 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 2 95 theme attention 352:360 arg1 display 280:286 the cell-surface display 263:286 the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates 263:315 Recently, the cell-surface display of C. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. 25761366 10 96 theme glycosylation 1763:1775 arg1 patterns 1777:1784 glycosylation patterns 1763:1784 glycosylation patterns 1763:1784 While this study focuses on the GalO-catalyzed labeling of C. jejuni, it can in principle be used to evaluate glycosylation patterns and identify glycoproteins of interest in any bacteria. 28067839 3 0 theme temperature 636:646 arg1 range 648:652 adequate temperature range 627:652 adequate temperature range 627:652 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 1 theme critical 917:924 arg1 point 926:930 a critical point 915:930 a critical point above which this effect decreases 915:964 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 2 dep promoted 585:592 arg1 ii 574:575 ii 574:575 ii 574:575 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 1 3 theme different 159:167 arg1 aureus 242:247 Staphylococcus aureus 227:247 Staphylococcus aureus 227:247 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 3 theme different 159:167 arg1 causes 269:274 frequent causes 260:274 frequent causes of food spoilage 260:291 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 3 theme different 159:167 arg1 species 179:185 three different bacterial species 153:185 three different bacterial species 153:185 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 3 theme different 159:167 arg1 coli 200:203 Escherichia coli 188:203 Escherichia coli 188:203 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 3 theme different 159:167 arg1 innocua 215:221 Listeria innocua 206:221 Listeria innocua 206:221 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 2 4 from impact 410:415 arg1 medium 452:457 the medium 448:457 the medium 448:457 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 4 5 theme antibacterial 1079:1091 arg1 activity 1093:1100 its antibacterial activity 1075:1100 its antibacterial activity 1075:1100 The latter may be due to remaining proteins in chitosan acting as nutrients for bacteria therefore limiting its antibacterial activity. 28067839 3 6 theme antibacterial 495:507 arg1 activity 509:516 the antibacterial activity 491:516 the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan 491:533 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 7 theme bacterial 780:788 arg1 species 790:796 bacterial species 780:796 bacterial species 780:796 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 1 8 theme frequent 260:267 arg1 species 179:185 three different bacterial species 153:185 three different bacterial species 153:185 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 8 theme frequent 260:267 arg1 causes 269:274 frequent causes 260:274 frequent causes of food spoilage 260:291 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 3 9 theme chitosan 526:533 arg1 activity 509:516 the antibacterial activity 491:516 the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan 491:533 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 10 theme ionic 655:659 arg1 strength 661:668 ionic strength 655:668 ionic strength 655:668 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 11 theme sensitivity 806:816 arg1 order 818:822 a sensitivity order 804:822 a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus 804:858 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 5 12 theme food 1203:1206 arg1 protection 1208:1217 food protection 1203:1217 food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1203:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 5 13 theme potential 1168:1176 arg1 agents 1192:1197 potential antimicrobial agents 1168:1197 potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1168:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 3 14 dep depends 769:775 arg1 iii 764:766 iii 764:766 iii 764:766 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 5 15 from results 1109:1115 arg1 use 1131:1133 the direct use 1120:1133 the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1120:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 5 16 theme chitosan 1138:1145 arg1 powder 1147:1152 chitosan powder 1138:1152 chitosan powder 1138:1152 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 1 17 theme bacterial 169:177 arg1 aureus 242:247 Staphylococcus aureus 227:247 Staphylococcus aureus 227:247 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 17 theme bacterial 169:177 arg1 causes 269:274 frequent causes 260:274 frequent causes of food spoilage 260:291 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 17 theme bacterial 169:177 arg1 species 179:185 three different bacterial species 153:185 three different bacterial species 153:185 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 17 theme bacterial 169:177 arg1 coli 200:203 Escherichia coli 188:203 Escherichia coli 188:203 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 17 theme bacterial 169:177 arg1 innocua 215:221 Listeria innocua 206:221 Listeria innocua 206:221 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 2 18 theme temperature 371:381 arg1 impact 410:415 impact 410:415 impact of a solid physical support in the medium 410:457 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 18 theme temperature 371:381 arg1 effect 298:303 The effect 294:303 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity 294:340 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 18 theme temperature 371:381 arg1 influence 358:366 the influence 354:366 the influence of temperature 354:381 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 18 theme temperature 371:381 arg1 salt 400:403 salt 400:403 salt 400:403 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 18 theme temperature 371:381 arg1 strength 390:397 ionic strength 384:397 ionic strength (salt) 384:404 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 4 19 from proteins 1002:1009 arg1 chitosan 1014:1021 chitosan 1014:1021 chitosan acting as nutrients for bacteria 1014:1054 The latter may be due to remaining proteins in chitosan acting as nutrients for bacteria therefore limiting its antibacterial activity. 28067839 2 20 theme chitosan 308:315 arg1 impact 410:415 impact 410:415 impact of a solid physical support in the medium 410:457 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 20 theme chitosan 308:315 arg1 effect 298:303 The effect 294:303 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity 294:340 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 20 theme chitosan 308:315 arg1 influence 358:366 the influence 354:366 the influence of temperature 354:381 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 20 theme chitosan 308:315 arg1 salt 400:403 salt 400:403 salt 400:403 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 20 theme chitosan 308:315 arg1 strength 390:397 ionic strength 384:397 ionic strength (salt) 384:404 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 3 21 dep S. 850:851 arg1 aureus 853:858 > L. innocua > S. aureus 835:858 E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus 827:858 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 0 22 theme Antibacterial 0:12 arg1 Activity 14:21 Antibacterial Activity 0:21 Antibacterial Activity of Neat Chitosan Powder and Flakes. 0:57 Antibacterial Activity of Neat Chitosan Powder and Flakes. 28067839 3 23 theme chitosan 885:892 arg1 concentration 894:906 chitosan concentration 885:906 chitosan concentration 885:906 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 1 24 theme antibacterial 87:99 arg1 activity 101:108 the antibacterial activity 83:108 the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder 83:132 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 3 25 dep requires 540:547 arg1 activity 509:516 the antibacterial activity 491:516 the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan 491:533 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 25 dep requires 540:547 arg1 i 537:537 i 537:537 i 537:537 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 0 26 theme Neat 26:29 arg1 Chitosan 31:38 Neat Chitosan Powder and Flakes 26:56 Chitosan 31:38 Antibacterial Activity of Neat Chitosan Powder and Flakes. 28067839 1 27 theme food 279:282 arg1 spoilage 284:291 food spoilage 279:291 food spoilage 279:291 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 5 28 theme flakes 1158:1163 arg1 use 1131:1133 the direct use 1120:1133 the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1120:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 4 29 theme remaining 992:1000 arg1 proteins 1002:1009 remaining proteins 992:1009 remaining proteins in chitosan acting as nutrients for bacteria 992:1054 The latter may be due to remaining proteins in chitosan acting as nutrients for bacteria therefore limiting its antibacterial activity. 28067839 1 30 theme spoilage 284:291 arg1 species 179:185 three different bacterial species 153:185 three different bacterial species 153:185 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 30 theme spoilage 284:291 arg1 causes 269:274 frequent causes 260:274 frequent causes of food spoilage 260:291 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 3 31 theme neat 521:524 arg1 chitosan 526:533 neat chitosan 521:533 neat chitosan 521:533 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 2 32 theme support 437:443 arg1 impact 410:415 impact 410:415 impact of a solid physical support in the medium 410:457 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 32 theme support 437:443 arg1 effect 298:303 The effect 294:303 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity 294:340 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 32 theme support 437:443 arg1 influence 358:366 the influence 354:366 the influence of temperature 354:381 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 32 theme support 437:443 arg1 salt 400:403 salt 400:403 salt 400:403 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 32 theme support 437:443 arg1 strength 390:397 ionic strength 384:397 ionic strength (salt) 384:404 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 33 theme purity 335:340 arg1 impact 410:415 impact 410:415 impact of a solid physical support in the medium 410:457 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 33 theme purity 335:340 arg1 effect 298:303 The effect 294:303 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity 294:340 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 33 theme purity 335:340 arg1 influence 358:366 the influence 354:366 the influence of temperature 354:381 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 33 theme purity 335:340 arg1 salt 400:403 salt 400:403 salt 400:403 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 33 theme purity 335:340 arg1 strength 390:397 ionic strength 384:397 ionic strength (salt) 384:404 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 3 34 theme E. 827:828 arg1 order 818:822 a sensitivity order 804:822 a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus 804:858 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 1 35 theme Listeria 206:213 arg1 species 179:185 three different bacterial species 153:185 three different bacterial species 153:185 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 1 35 theme Listeria 206:213 arg1 innocua 215:221 Listeria innocua 206:221 Listeria innocua 206:221 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 0 36 theme Chitosan 31:38 arg1 Activity 14:21 Antibacterial Activity 0:21 Antibacterial Activity of Neat Chitosan Powder and Flakes. 0:57 Antibacterial Activity of Neat Chitosan Powder and Flakes. 28067839 3 37 theme physical 698:705 arg1 support 707:713 a solid physical support 690:713 a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria 690:760 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 2 38 theme physical 428:435 arg1 support 437:443 a solid physical support 420:443 a solid physical support 420:443 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 5 39 theme lower 1232:1236 arg1 values 1225:1230 pH values 1222:1230 pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1222:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 2 40 theme ionic 384:388 arg1 strength 390:397 ionic strength 384:397 ionic strength (salt) 384:404 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 40 theme ionic 384:388 arg1 salt 400:403 salt 400:403 salt 400:403 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 2 41 theme solid 422:426 arg1 support 437:443 a solid physical support 420:443 a solid physical support 420:443 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 3 42 theme support 707:713 arg1 presence 678:685 the presence 674:685 the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria 674:760 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 42 theme support 707:713 arg1 range 648:652 adequate temperature range 627:652 adequate temperature range 627:652 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 42 theme support 707:713 arg1 strength 661:668 ionic strength 655:668 ionic strength 655:668 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 2 43 from influence 358:366 arg1 medium 452:457 the medium 448:457 the medium 448:457 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 1 44 theme neat 113:116 arg1 powder 127:132 neat chitosan powder 113:132 neat chitosan powder 113:132 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 5 45 from values 1225:1230 arg1 protection 1208:1217 food protection 1203:1217 food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1203:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 3 46 theme environmental 597:609 arg1 presence 678:685 the presence 674:685 the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria 674:760 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 46 theme environmental 597:609 arg1 strength 661:668 ionic strength 655:668 ionic strength 655:668 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 46 theme environmental 597:609 arg1 range 648:652 adequate temperature range 627:652 adequate temperature range 627:652 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 46 theme environmental 597:609 arg1 factors 611:617 environmental factors 597:617 environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria 597:760 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 0 47 dep Chitosan 31:38 arg1 Powder 40:45 Powder 40:45 Powder 40:45 Antibacterial Activity of Neat Chitosan Powder and Flakes. 28067839 1 48 theme chitosan 118:125 arg1 powder 127:132 neat chitosan powder 113:132 neat chitosan powder 113:132 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 3 49 theme solid 692:696 arg1 support 707:713 a solid physical support 690:713 a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria 690:760 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 5 50 theme antimicrobial 1178:1190 arg1 agents 1192:1197 potential antimicrobial agents 1168:1197 potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1168:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 5 51 theme chitosan 1247:1254 arg1 6.2-6.7 1261:1267 6.2-6.7 1261:1267 6.2-6.7 1261:1267 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 5 51 theme chitosan 1247:1254 arg1 pKa 1256:1258 the chitosan pKa 1243:1258 the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1243:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 1 52 theme powder 127:132 arg1 activity 101:108 the antibacterial activity 83:108 the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder 83:132 This study investigates the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan powder and flakes against three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequent causes of food spoilage. 28067839 2 53 from strength 390:397 arg1 medium 452:457 the medium 448:457 the medium 448:457 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 3 54 dep increases 870:878 arg1 iv 866:867 iv 866:867 iv 866:867 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 2 55 dep chitosan 308:315 arg1 concentration 317:329 concentration 317:329 concentration 317:329 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 28067839 5 56 theme direct 1124:1129 arg1 use 1131:1133 the direct use 1120:1133 the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1120:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 3 57 theme partial 549:555 arg1 solubilisation 557:570 partial solubilisation 549:570 partial solubilisation 549:570 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 58 dep E. 827:828 arg1 S. 850:851 S. 850:851 S. 850:851 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 3 58 dep E. 827:828 arg1 coli 830:833 E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus 827:858 E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus 827:858 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 5 59 theme powder 1147:1152 arg1 use 1131:1133 the direct use 1120:1133 the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1120:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 0 60 theme Flakes 51:56 arg1 Activity 14:21 Antibacterial Activity 0:21 Antibacterial Activity of Neat Chitosan Powder and Flakes. 0:57 Antibacterial Activity of Neat Chitosan Powder and Flakes. 28067839 3 61 theme adequate 627:634 arg1 range 648:652 adequate temperature range 627:652 adequate temperature range 627:652 Results show that the antibacterial activity of neat chitosan: (i) requires partial solubilisation; (ii) can be promoted by environmental factors such as adequate temperature range, ionic strength and the presence of a solid physical support that may facilitate the attachment of bacteria; (iii) depends on bacterial species, with a sensitivity order of E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus; and (iv) increases with chitosan concentration, up to a critical point above which this effect decreases. 28067839 5 62 theme pH 1222:1223 arg1 values 1225:1230 pH values 1222:1230 pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) 1222:1268 These results on the direct use of chitosan powder and flakes as potential antimicrobial agents for food protection at pH values lower than the chitosan pKa (6.2-6.7) are promising. 28067839 2 63 from effect 298:303 arg1 medium 452:457 the medium 448:457 the medium 448:457 The effect of chitosan concentration and purity, as well as the influence of temperature, ionic strength (salt) and impact of a solid physical support in the medium are examined. 27211677 3 0 theme grape 318:322 arg1 cultivars 324:332 red grape cultivars 314:332 red grape cultivars 314:332 The experiment was performed on Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon red grape cultivars, the application of a chitosan solution was compared to water spraying. 27211677 5 1 theme B2 606:607 arg1 amounts 609:615 (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts 560:615 (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines 560:636 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 3 2 dep Sangiovese 280:289 arg1 cultivars 324:332 red grape cultivars 314:332 red grape cultivars 314:332 The experiment was performed on Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon red grape cultivars, the application of a chitosan solution was compared to water spraying. 27211677 5 3 theme -catechin 563:571 arg1 amounts 609:615 (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts 560:615 (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines 560:636 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 7 4 dep together 882:889 arg1 with 891:894 with 891:894 with 891:894 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 0 5 from Influence 0:8 arg1 composition 44:54 the composition 40:54 the composition of organic cv 40:68 Influence of canopy-applied chitosan on the composition of organic cv. 27211677 9 6 theme Sauvignon 1098:1106 arg1 grapes 1108:1113 Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 1089:1113 Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 1089:1113 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 27211677 7 7 theme considerable 829:840 arg1 increase 842:849 A considerable increase 827:849 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines 827:938 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 3 8 theme chitosan 356:363 arg1 solution 365:372 a chitosan solution 354:372 a chitosan solution 354:372 The experiment was performed on Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon red grape cultivars, the application of a chitosan solution was compared to water spraying. 27211677 2 9 theme chitosan 154:161 arg1 effects 128:134 The effects 124:134 The effects of canopy-applied chitosan on grapes and derived wine 124:188 The effects of canopy-applied chitosan on grapes and derived wine were evaluated in an organically managed mature vineyard. 27211677 6 10 theme flavonol 755:762 arg1 amount 764:769 berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount 728:769 amount 764:769 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 9 11 theme nitrogenous 1034:1044 arg1 compounds 1046:1054 nitrogenous compounds 1034:1054 nitrogenous compounds 1034:1054 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 27211677 4 12 dep times 435:439 arg1 end 456:458 end 456:458 end 456:458 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 4 12 dep times 435:439 arg1 beginning 442:450 beginning 442:450 beginning 442:450 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 4 12 dep times 435:439 arg1 times 435:439 3 times 433:439 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) 433:488 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 7 13 located observed 944:951 arg1 flesh 966:970 the berry flesh 956:970 the berry flesh of cv 956:976 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 7 13 located observed 944:951 arg2 increase 842:849 A considerable increase 827:849 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines 827:938 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 2 14 theme canopy-applied 139:152 arg1 chitosan 154:161 canopy-applied chitosan 139:161 canopy-applied chitosan 139:161 The effects of canopy-applied chitosan on grapes and derived wine were evaluated in an organically managed mature vineyard. 27211677 5 15 theme - 575:575 arg1 -epicatechin 577:588 (-)-epicatechin 574:588 -epicatechin 577:588 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 7 16 from increase 842:849 arg1 acid 869:872 γ-aminobutyric acid 854:872 γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 854:879 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 7 16 from increase 842:849 arg1 GABA 875:878 GABA 875:878 GABA 875:878 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 7 16 from increase 842:849 arg1 acids 913:917 some other amino acids 896:917 some other amino acids 896:917 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 7 17 theme γ-aminobutyric 854:867 arg1 acid 869:872 γ-aminobutyric acid 854:872 γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 854:879 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 7 17 theme γ-aminobutyric 854:867 arg1 GABA 875:878 GABA 875:878 GABA 875:878 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 9 18 theme Cabernet 1089:1096 arg1 grapes 1108:1113 Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 1089:1113 Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 1089:1113 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 27211677 5 19 theme -epicatechin 577:588 arg1 amounts 609:615 (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts 560:615 (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines 560:636 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 6 20 dep anthocyanin 739:749 arg1 the 724:726 the 724:726 the 724:726 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 4 21 theme veraison 463:470 arg1 end 456:458 end 456:458 end 456:458 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 4 21 theme veraison 463:470 arg1 beginning 442:450 beginning 442:450 beginning 442:450 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 4 21 theme veraison 463:470 arg1 times 435:439 3 times 433:439 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) 433:488 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 6 22 theme skin 734:737 arg1 anthocyanin 739:749 berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount 728:769 anthocyanin 739:749 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 7 23 theme cv 975:976 arg1 flesh 966:970 the berry flesh 956:970 the berry flesh of cv 956:976 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 2 24 link derived 177:183 arg1 wine 185:188 derived wine 177:188 derived wine 177:188 The effects of canopy-applied chitosan on grapes and derived wine were evaluated in an organically managed mature vineyard. 27211677 5 25 theme procyanidin 594:604 arg1 B2 606:607 procyanidin B2 594:607 procyanidin B2 594:607 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 6 26 theme berry 728:732 arg1 anthocyanin 739:749 berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount 728:769 anthocyanin 739:749 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 6 27 from amount 764:769 arg1 wines 820:824 wines 820:824 wines 820:824 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 6 27 from amount 764:769 arg1 skins 810:814 skins 810:814 skins 810:814 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 3 28 theme solution 365:372 arg1 application 339:349 the application 335:349 the application of a chitosan solution 335:372 The experiment was performed on Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon red grape cultivars, the application of a chitosan solution was compared to water spraying. 27211677 9 29 theme stress 1135:1140 arg1 response 1142:1149 stress response 1135:1149 stress response 1135:1149 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 27211677 7 30 theme other 901:905 arg1 acids 913:917 some other amino acids 896:917 some other amino acids 896:917 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 7 31 theme amino 907:911 arg1 acids 913:917 some other amino acids 896:917 some other amino acids 896:917 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 0 32 theme canopy-applied 13:26 arg1 chitosan 28:35 canopy-applied chitosan 13:35 canopy-applied chitosan 13:35 Influence of canopy-applied chitosan on the composition of organic cv. 27211677 9 33 theme phenolic 1015:1022 arg1 acids 1024:1028 phenolic acids 1015:1028 phenolic acids 1015:1028 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 27211677 2 34 theme derived 177:183 arg1 wine 185:188 derived wine 177:188 derived wine 177:188 The effects of canopy-applied chitosan on grapes and derived wine were evaluated in an organically managed mature vineyard. 27211677 5 35 located detected 643:650 arg2 differences 545:555 Significant differences 533:555 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines 533:636 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 5 35 located detected 643:650 arg1 Sauvignon 664:672 Sauvignon 664:672 Sauvignon 664:672 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 5 36 from differences 545:555 arg1 amounts 609:615 (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts 560:615 (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines 560:636 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 6 37 from concentration 788:800 arg1 wines 820:824 wines 820:824 wines 820:824 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 6 37 from concentration 788:800 arg1 skins 810:814 skins 810:814 skins 810:814 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 6 38 from anthocyanin 739:749 arg1 wines 820:824 wines 820:824 wines 820:824 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 6 38 from anthocyanin 739:749 arg1 skins 810:814 skins 810:814 skins 810:814 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 2 39 from effects 128:134 arg1 grapes 166:171 grapes 166:171 grapes 166:171 The effects of canopy-applied chitosan on grapes and derived wine were evaluated in an organically managed mature vineyard. 27211677 2 39 from effects 128:134 arg1 wine 185:188 derived wine 177:188 derived wine 177:188 The effects of canopy-applied chitosan on grapes and derived wine were evaluated in an organically managed mature vineyard. 27211677 4 40 theme randomized 495:504 arg1 block 506:510 a randomized block 493:510 a randomized block experimental design 493:530 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 0 41 theme chitosan 28:35 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of canopy-applied chitosan on the composition of organic cv. 0:69 Influence of canopy-applied chitosan on the composition of organic cv. 27211677 5 42 from amounts 609:615 arg1 wines 632:636 wines 632:636 wines 632:636 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 5 42 from amounts 609:615 arg1 berries 620:626 berries 620:626 berries 620:626 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 3 43 theme water 390:394 arg1 spraying 396:403 water spraying 390:403 water spraying 390:403 The experiment was performed on Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon red grape cultivars, the application of a chitosan solution was compared to water spraying. 27211677 9 44 theme grapes 1108:1113 arg1 pulp 1081:1084 the pulp 1077:1084 the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 1077:1113 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 27211677 4 45 theme experimental 512:523 arg1 design 525:530 a randomized block experimental design 493:530 a randomized block experimental design 493:530 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 3 46 theme red 314:316 arg1 cultivars 324:332 red grape cultivars 314:332 red grape cultivars 314:332 The experiment was performed on Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon red grape cultivars, the application of a chitosan solution was compared to water spraying. 27211677 5 47 theme Significant 533:543 arg1 differences 545:555 Significant differences 533:555 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines 533:636 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 1 48 dep Sangiovese 71:80 arg1 wines 117:121 wines 117:121 wines 117:121 Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon berries and wines. 27211677 1 48 dep Sangiovese 71:80 arg1 berries 105:111 berries 105:111 berries 105:111 Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon berries and wines. 27211677 4 49 theme block 506:510 arg1 design 525:530 a randomized block experimental design 493:530 a randomized block experimental design 493:530 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 7 50 theme berry 960:964 arg1 flesh 966:970 the berry flesh 956:970 the berry flesh of cv 956:976 A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. 27211677 9 51 from changes 1124:1130 arg1 response 1142:1149 stress response 1135:1149 stress response 1135:1149 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 27211677 5 52 dep -catechin 563:571 arg1 + 561:561 + 561:561 + 561:561 Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. 27211677 0 53 theme cv 67:68 arg1 composition 44:54 the composition 40:54 the composition of organic cv 40:68 Influence of canopy-applied chitosan on the composition of organic cv. 27211677 6 54 theme t-resveratrol 774:786 arg1 concentration 788:800 t-resveratrol concentration 774:800 t-resveratrol concentration 774:800 Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. 27211677 0 55 theme organic 59:65 arg1 cv 67:68 organic cv 59:68 organic cv 59:68 Influence of canopy-applied chitosan on the composition of organic cv. 27211677 4 56 theme pre-harvest 477:487 arg1 end 456:458 end 456:458 end 456:458 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 4 56 theme pre-harvest 477:487 arg1 beginning 442:450 beginning 442:450 beginning 442:450 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 4 56 theme pre-harvest 477:487 arg1 times 435:439 3 times 433:439 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) 433:488 Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. 27211677 9 57 from increase 1003:1010 arg1 GABA 1068:1071 GABA 1068:1071 GABA 1068:1071 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 27211677 9 57 from increase 1003:1010 arg1 pulp 1081:1084 the pulp 1077:1084 the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 1077:1113 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 27211677 9 57 from increase 1003:1010 arg1 acids 1024:1028 phenolic acids 1015:1028 phenolic acids 1015:1028 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 27211677 9 57 from increase 1003:1010 arg1 compounds 1046:1054 nitrogenous compounds 1034:1054 nitrogenous compounds 1034:1054 The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response. 29116036 2 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 strains 215:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 5 1 theme longum 648:653 arg1 15708 660:664 longum ATCC 15708 648:664 longum ATCC 15708 (96.2 %). 648:674 longum ATCC 15708 (96.2 %). 29116036 5 1 theme longum 648:653 arg1 % 672:672 96.2 % 667:672 96.2 % 667:672 longum ATCC 15708 (96.2 %). 29116036 4 2 theme gene 491:494 arg1 similarity 505:514 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 482:514 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 482:514 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 6 3 theme DSM 865:867 arg1 % 885:885 clpC 91 % 877:885 clpC 91 % 877:885 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 3 theme DSM 865:867 arg1 23967T 869:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T 841:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %) 841:886 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 3 theme DSM 865:867 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 4 theme clpC 877:880 arg1 % 885:885 clpC 91 % 877:885 clpC 91 % 877:885 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 4 theme clpC 877:880 arg1 23967T 869:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T 841:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %) 841:886 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 4 5 theme similarity 505:514 arg1 analysis 470:477 Comparative analysis 458:477 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 458:514 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 4 6 theme strain 530:535 arg1 5T 541:542 strain TRI 5T 530:542 strain TRI 5T 530:542 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 5 7 theme ATCC 655:658 arg1 15708 660:664 longum ATCC 15708 648:664 longum ATCC 15708 (96.2 %). 648:674 longum ATCC 15708 (96.2 %). 29116036 5 7 theme ATCC 655:658 arg1 % 672:672 96.2 % 667:672 96.2 % 667:672 longum ATCC 15708 (96.2 %). 29116036 11 8 theme Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum 1368:1398 arg1 sp 1400:1401 the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp 1359:1401 the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp 1359:1401 Based on the data provided, strain TRI 5T represents a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium for which the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp. 29116036 6 9 theme saguini 857:863 arg1 % 885:885 clpC 91 % 877:885 clpC 91 % 877:885 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 9 theme saguini 857:863 arg1 23967T 869:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T 841:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %) 841:886 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 9 theme saguini 857:863 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 3 10 theme PCR 370:372 arg1 profiles 374:381 identical BOX PCR profiles 356:381 identical BOX PCR profiles 356:381 Given that the isolates revealed identical BOX PCR profiles, strain TRI 5T was selected as a representative and characterized further. 29116036 6 11 theme DSM 814:816 arg1 100685T 918:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T 889:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %) 889:938 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 11 theme DSM 814:816 arg1 % 837:837 hsp60 94.1 % 826:837 hsp60 94.1 % 826:837 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 11 theme DSM 814:816 arg1 longumsubsp 957:967 Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 941:967 Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 941:967 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 11 theme DSM 814:816 arg1 23967T 869:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T 841:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %) 841:886 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 11 theme DSM 814:816 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 10 12 theme 60.9 mol 1240:1247 arg1 % 1248:1248 60.9 mol% 1240:1248 60.9 mol% 1240:1248 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T was 60.9 mol%. 29116036 10 12 theme 60.9 mol 1240:1247 arg1 G+C content 1207:1217 The DNA G+C content 1199:1217 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T 1199:1234 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T was 60.9 mol%. 29116036 9 13 dep l-Ser 1168:1172 arg1 l-Ala 1192:1196 l-Ala 1192:1196 l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala 1168:1196 The peptidoglycan type was A3β, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Orn (Lys) - l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala. 29116036 9 13 dep l-Ser 1168:1172 arg1 l-Thr 1184:1188 l-Thr 1184:1188 l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala 1168:1196 The peptidoglycan type was A3β, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Orn (Lys) - l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala. 29116036 9 13 dep l-Ser 1168:1172 arg1 l-Ala 1176:1180 l-Ala 1176:1180 l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala 1168:1196 The peptidoglycan type was A3β, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Orn (Lys) - l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala. 29116036 4 14 theme rRNA 486:489 arg1 similarity 505:514 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 482:514 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 482:514 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 10 15 theme 5T 1233:1234 arg1 % 1248:1248 60.9 mol% 1240:1248 60.9 mol% 1240:1248 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T was 60.9 mol%. 29116036 10 15 theme 5T 1233:1234 arg1 G+C content 1207:1217 The DNA G+C content 1199:1217 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T 1199:1234 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T was 60.9 mol%. 29116036 6 16 theme breve 808:812 arg1 100685T 918:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T 889:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %) 889:938 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 16 theme breve 808:812 arg1 % 837:837 hsp60 94.1 % 826:837 hsp60 94.1 % 826:837 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 16 theme breve 808:812 arg1 longumsubsp 957:967 Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 941:967 Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 941:967 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 16 theme breve 808:812 arg1 23967T 869:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T 841:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %) 841:886 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 16 theme breve 808:812 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 11 17 theme novel 1306:1310 arg1 species 1312:1318 a novel species 1304:1318 a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium for which the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp 1304:1401 Based on the data provided, strain TRI 5T represents a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium for which the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp. 29116036 6 18 theme Multilocus 676:685 arg1 analyses 696:703 Multilocus sequence analyses 676:703 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes 676:730 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 3 19 theme identical 356:364 arg1 profiles 374:381 identical BOX PCR profiles 356:381 identical BOX PCR profiles 356:381 Given that the isolates revealed identical BOX PCR profiles, strain TRI 5T was selected as a representative and characterized further. 29116036 2 20 theme microaerophilic 149:163 arg1 strains 215:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 6 21 theme Bifidobacterium 792:806 arg1 100685T 918:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T 889:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %) 889:938 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 21 theme Bifidobacterium 792:806 arg1 % 837:837 hsp60 94.1 % 826:837 hsp60 94.1 % 826:837 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 21 theme Bifidobacterium 792:806 arg1 longumsubsp 957:967 Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 941:967 Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 941:967 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 21 theme Bifidobacterium 792:806 arg1 23967T 869:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T 841:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %) 841:886 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 21 theme Bifidobacterium 792:806 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 1 22 theme emperor 65:71 arg1 tamarin 73:79 the emperor tamarin 61:79 the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) 61:100 nov. from the faeces of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 3 23 theme BOX 366:368 arg1 profiles 374:381 identical BOX PCR profiles 356:381 identical BOX PCR profiles 356:381 Given that the isolates revealed identical BOX PCR profiles, strain TRI 5T was selected as a representative and characterized further. 29116036 4 24 theme sequence 496:503 arg1 similarity 505:514 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 482:514 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 482:514 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 10 25 theme TRI 1229:1231 arg1 5T 1233:1234 strain TRI 5T 1222:1234 strain TRI 5T 1222:1234 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T was 60.9 mol%. 29116036 9 26 theme interpeptide 1123:1134 arg1 bridge 1136:1141 an interpeptide bridge 1120:1141 an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Orn (Lys) - l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala 1120:1196 The peptidoglycan type was A3β, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Orn (Lys) - l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala. 29116036 1 27 theme tamarin 73:79 arg1 faeces 51:56 the faeces 47:56 the faeces of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) 47:100 nov. from the faeces of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 6 28 theme sequence 687:694 arg1 analyses 696:703 Multilocus sequence analyses 676:703 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes 676:730 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 9 29 with A3β 1110:1112 arg1 bridge 1136:1141 an interpeptide bridge 1120:1141 an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Orn (Lys) - l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala 1120:1196 The peptidoglycan type was A3β, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Orn (Lys) - l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala. 29116036 0 30 theme callitrichidarum 16:31 arg1 sp 33:34 Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum sp 0:34 Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum sp. 0:35 Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum sp. 29116036 2 31 theme non-spore-forming 130:146 arg1 strains 215:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 6 32 theme strain 782:787 arg1 relatedness 762:772 the close phylogenetic relatedness 739:772 the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 739:967 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 4 33 theme 16S 482:484 arg1 similarity 505:514 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 482:514 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 482:514 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 6 34 theme dnaG 927:930 arg1 100685T 918:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T 889:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %) 889:938 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 34 theme dnaG 927:930 arg1 % 937:937 dnaG 80.3 % 927:937 dnaG 80.3 % 927:937 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 0 35 theme Bifidobacterium 0:14 arg1 sp 33:34 Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum sp 0:34 Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum sp. 0:35 Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum sp. 29116036 13 36 theme 103152T=JCM 1454:1464 arg1 5T 1445:1446 TRI 5T 1441:1446 TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T) 1441:1472 The type strain is TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T). 29116036 13 36 theme 103152T=JCM 1454:1464 arg1 31790T 1466:1471 =DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T 1449:1471 =DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T 1449:1471 The type strain is TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T). 29116036 11 37 theme genus 1327:1331 arg1 Bifidobacterium 1333:1347 the genus Bifidobacterium 1323:1347 the genus Bifidobacterium 1323:1347 Based on the data provided, strain TRI 5T represents a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium for which the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp. 29116036 2 38 attach isolated 228:235 arg2 strains 215:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 2 38 attach isolated 228:235 arg1 sample 251:256 a faecal sample 242:256 a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) 242:320 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 7 39 theme Bifidobacterium 1009:1023 arg1 longumsubsp 1025:1035 Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 1009:1035 Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 1009:1035 infantis ATCC 15697T (dnaJ 85.3 %) and Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 13 40 theme TRI 1441:1443 arg1 strain 1431:1436 The type strain 1422:1436 The type strain 1422:1436 The type strain is TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T). 29116036 13 40 theme TRI 1441:1443 arg1 5T 1445:1446 TRI 5T 1441:1446 TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T) 1441:1472 The type strain is TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T). 29116036 13 40 theme TRI 1441:1443 arg1 31790T 1466:1471 =DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T 1449:1471 =DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T 1449:1471 The type strain is TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T). 29116036 13 41 theme =DSM 1449:1452 arg1 5T 1445:1446 TRI 5T 1441:1446 TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T) 1441:1472 The type strain is TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T). 29116036 13 41 theme =DSM 1449:1452 arg1 31790T 1466:1471 =DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T 1449:1471 =DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T 1449:1471 The type strain is TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T). 29116036 11 42 theme Bifidobacterium 1333:1347 arg1 species 1312:1318 a novel species 1304:1318 a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium for which the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp 1304:1401 Based on the data provided, strain TRI 5T represents a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium for which the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp. 29116036 4 43 theme longum 634:639 arg1 subsp 641:645 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 618:645 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 618:645 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 3 44 theme strain 384:389 arg1 representative 416:429 a representative 414:429 a representative 414:429 Given that the isolates revealed identical BOX PCR profiles, strain TRI 5T was selected as a representative and characterized further. 29116036 3 44 theme strain 384:389 arg1 5T 395:396 strain TRI 5T 384:396 strain TRI 5T 384:396 Given that the isolates revealed identical BOX PCR profiles, strain TRI 5T was selected as a representative and characterized further. 29116036 4 45 theme saguini 583:589 arg1 DSM 591:593 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T 567:600 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) 567:609 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 4 45 theme saguini 583:589 arg1 % 608:608 96.4 % 603:608 96.4 % 603:608 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 2 46 theme tamarin 293:299 arg1 subject 270:276 an adult subject 261:276 an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) 261:320 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 4 47 theme Comparative 458:468 arg1 analysis 470:477 Comparative analysis 458:477 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 458:514 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 7 48 theme dnaJ 992:995 arg1 % 1002:1002 dnaJ 85.3 % 992:1002 dnaJ 85.3 % 992:1002 infantis ATCC 15697T (dnaJ 85.3 %) and Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 7 48 theme dnaJ 992:995 arg1 15697T 984:989 infantis ATCC 15697T 970:989 infantis ATCC 15697T (dnaJ 85.3 %) 970:1003 infantis ATCC 15697T (dnaJ 85.3 %) and Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 10 49 theme DNA 1203:1205 arg1 % 1248:1248 60.9 mol% 1240:1248 60.9 mol% 1240:1248 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T was 60.9 mol%. 29116036 10 49 theme DNA 1203:1205 arg1 G+C content 1207:1217 The DNA G+C content 1199:1217 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T 1199:1234 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T was 60.9 mol%. 29116036 4 50 theme Bifidobacterium 567:581 arg1 DSM 591:593 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T 567:600 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) 567:609 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 4 50 theme Bifidobacterium 567:581 arg1 % 608:608 96.4 % 603:608 96.4 % 603:608 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 2 51 theme positive 206:213 arg1 strains 215:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 13 52 theme type 1426:1429 arg1 strain 1431:1436 The type strain 1422:1436 The type strain 1422:1436 The type strain is TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T). 29116036 13 52 theme type 1426:1429 arg1 5T 1445:1446 TRI 5T 1441:1446 TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T) 1441:1472 The type strain is TRI 5T (=DSM 103152T=JCM 31790T). 29116036 1 53 dep nov. 37:40 arg1 faeces 51:56 the faeces 47:56 the faeces of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) 47:100 nov. from the faeces of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 6 54 theme Bifidobacterium 941:955 arg1 longumsubsp 957:967 Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 941:967 Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 941:967 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 54 theme Bifidobacterium 941:955 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 2 55 theme phosphoketolase 190:204 arg1 strains 215:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 11 56 theme strain 1279:1284 arg1 5T 1290:1291 strain TRI 5T 1279:1291 strain TRI 5T 1279:1291 Based on the data provided, strain TRI 5T represents a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium for which the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp. 29116036 7 57 theme ATCC 979:982 arg1 % 1002:1002 dnaJ 85.3 % 992:1002 dnaJ 85.3 % 992:1002 infantis ATCC 15697T (dnaJ 85.3 %) and Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 7 57 theme ATCC 979:982 arg1 15697T 984:989 infantis ATCC 15697T 970:989 infantis ATCC 15697T (dnaJ 85.3 %) 970:1003 infantis ATCC 15697T (dnaJ 85.3 %) and Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 9 58 theme peptidoglycan 1087:1099 arg1 A3β 1110:1112 A3β 1110:1112 A3β 1110:1112 The peptidoglycan type was A3β, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Orn (Lys) - l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala. 29116036 9 58 theme peptidoglycan 1087:1099 arg1 type 1101:1104 The peptidoglycan type 1083:1104 The peptidoglycan type 1083:1104 The peptidoglycan type was A3β, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Orn (Lys) - l-Ser - l-Ala - l-Thr - l-Ala. 29116036 8 59 dep longum 1038:1043 arg1 ATCC 1045:1048 ATCC 15708 1045:1054 longum ATCC 15708 (rpoB 93 %) 1038:1066 longum ATCC 15708 (rpoB 93 %), respectively. 29116036 4 60 theme TRI 537:539 arg1 5T 541:542 strain TRI 5T 530:542 strain TRI 5T 530:542 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5T was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.4 %) and to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29116036 8 61 theme rpoB 1057:1060 arg1 longum 1038:1043 longum 1038:1043 longum ATCC 15708 (rpoB 93 %) 1038:1066 longum ATCC 15708 (rpoB 93 %), respectively. 29116036 8 61 theme rpoB 1057:1060 arg1 % 1065:1065 rpoB 93 % 1057:1065 rpoB 93 % 1057:1065 longum ATCC 15708 (rpoB 93 %), respectively. 29116036 2 62 theme fructose-6-phosphate 169:188 arg1 strains 215:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains 103:221 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 6 63 theme phylogenetic 749:760 arg1 relatedness 762:772 the close phylogenetic relatedness 739:772 the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 739:967 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 64 theme avesanii 905:912 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 64 theme avesanii 905:912 arg1 100685T 918:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T 889:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %) 889:938 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 64 theme avesanii 905:912 arg1 % 937:937 dnaG 80.3 % 927:937 dnaG 80.3 % 927:937 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 11 65 theme TRI 1286:1288 arg1 5T 1290:1291 strain TRI 5T 1279:1291 strain TRI 5T 1279:1291 Based on the data provided, strain TRI 5T represents a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium for which the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp. 29116036 2 66 theme faecal 244:249 arg1 sample 251:256 a faecal sample 242:256 a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) 242:320 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 6 67 theme close 743:747 arg1 relatedness 762:772 the close phylogenetic relatedness 739:772 the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp 739:967 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 2 68 dep imperator 311:319 arg1 Saguinus 302:309 Saguinus 302:309 Saguinus 302:309 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 6 69 theme Bifidobacterium 889:903 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 69 theme Bifidobacterium 889:903 arg1 100685T 918:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T 889:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %) 889:938 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 69 theme Bifidobacterium 889:903 arg1 % 937:937 dnaG 80.3 % 927:937 dnaG 80.3 % 927:937 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 7 70 theme infantis 970:977 arg1 % 1002:1002 dnaJ 85.3 % 992:1002 dnaJ 85.3 % 992:1002 infantis ATCC 15697T (dnaJ 85.3 %) and Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 7 70 theme infantis 970:977 arg1 15697T 984:989 infantis ATCC 15697T 970:989 infantis ATCC 15697T (dnaJ 85.3 %) 970:1003 infantis ATCC 15697T (dnaJ 85.3 %) and Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 11 71 theme name 1363:1366 arg1 sp 1400:1401 the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp 1359:1401 the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp 1359:1401 Based on the data provided, strain TRI 5T represents a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium for which the name Bifidobacteriumcallitrichidarum sp. 29116036 2 72 theme emperor 285:291 arg1 tamarin 293:299 the emperor tamarin 281:299 the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) 281:320 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 6 73 theme hsp60 826:830 arg1 % 837:837 hsp60 94.1 % 826:837 hsp60 94.1 % 826:837 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 73 theme hsp60 826:830 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 10 74 theme strain 1222:1227 arg1 5T 1233:1234 strain TRI 5T 1222:1234 strain TRI 5T 1222:1234 The DNA G+C content of strain TRI 5T was 60.9 mol%. 29116036 6 75 theme Bifidobacterium 841:855 arg1 % 885:885 clpC 91 % 877:885 clpC 91 % 877:885 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 75 theme Bifidobacterium 841:855 arg1 23967T 869:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T 841:874 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %) 841:886 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 75 theme Bifidobacterium 841:855 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 2 76 theme subject 270:276 arg1 sample 251:256 a faecal sample 242:256 a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) 242:320 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 6 77 theme genes 726:730 arg1 analyses 696:703 Multilocus sequence analyses 676:703 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes 676:730 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 1 78 dep imperator 91:99 arg1 Saguinus 82:89 Saguinus 82:89 Saguinus 82:89 nov. from the faeces of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 2 79 theme adult 264:268 arg1 subject 270:276 an adult subject 261:276 an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) 261:320 Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). 29116036 6 80 theme housekeeping 713:724 arg1 genes 726:730 five housekeeping genes 708:730 five housekeeping genes 708:730 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 3 81 theme TRI 391:393 arg1 representative 416:429 a representative 414:429 a representative 414:429 Given that the isolates revealed identical BOX PCR profiles, strain TRI 5T was selected as a representative and characterized further. 29116036 3 81 theme TRI 391:393 arg1 5T 395:396 strain TRI 5T 384:396 strain TRI 5T 384:396 Given that the isolates revealed identical BOX PCR profiles, strain TRI 5T was selected as a representative and characterized further. 29116036 6 82 theme DSM 914:916 arg1 20213T 818:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T 792:823 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %) 792:838 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 82 theme DSM 914:916 arg1 100685T 918:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T 889:924 Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %) 889:938 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 29116036 6 82 theme DSM 914:916 arg1 % 937:937 dnaG 80.3 % 927:937 dnaG 80.3 % 927:937 Multilocus sequence analyses of five housekeeping genes showed the close phylogenetic relatedness of this strain to Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213T (hsp60 94.1 %), Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (clpC 91 %), Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685T (dnaG 80.3 %), Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. 28920437 8 0 theme unique 1795:1800 arg1 capability 1802:1811 the unique capability 1791:1811 the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays 1791:1978 Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays. 28920437 1 1 theme chemical 281:288 arg1 probe 290:294 a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe 236:294 a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 236:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 5 2 theme μM 1188:1189 arg1 concentration 1150:1162 the local H2O2 concentration 1135:1162 the local H2O2 concentration 1135:1162 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 7 3 theme local 1712:1716 arg1 pH 1718:1719 the local pH 1708:1719 the local pH to 5.0 1708:1726 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 8 4 theme SECM 1820:1823 arg1 probes 1834:1839 our SECM chemical probes 1816:1839 our SECM chemical probes 1816:1839 Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays. 28920437 5 5 theme pronounced 1357:1366 arg1 output 1378:1383 a more pronounced metabolic output 1350:1383 a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans 1350:1396 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 6 6 theme microscopic 1473:1483 arg1 studies 1485:1491 confocal fluorescence microscopic studies 1451:1491 confocal fluorescence microscopic studies 1451:1491 These results were supported by gene expression and confocal fluorescence microscopic studies. 28920437 1 7 theme pH 210:211 arg1 microsensor 213:223 a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor 165:223 a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 165:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 0 8 theme Microscopy 129:138 arg1 Microsensor 87:97 a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor 69:97 a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor 69:97 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 0 8 theme Microscopy 129:138 arg1 Probe 140:144 a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe 102:144 a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe 102:144 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 6 9 theme confocal 1451:1458 arg1 studies 1485:1491 confocal fluorescence microscopic studies 1451:1491 confocal fluorescence microscopic studies 1451:1491 These results were supported by gene expression and confocal fluorescence microscopic studies. 28920437 3 10 theme pH 788:789 arg1 map 791:793 a high-resolution pH map 770:793 a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm 770:869 In addition, the unique conductive membrane composition aided us in performing an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm. 28920437 1 11 theme Streptococcus 430:442 arg1 mutans 444:449 pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 419:449 pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 419:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 1 11 theme Streptococcus 430:442 arg1 species 373:379 two bacterial species 359:379 two bacterial species 359:379 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 8 12 theme metabolic 1864:1872 arg1 interactions 1874:1885 real-time metabolic interactions 1854:1885 real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays 1854:1978 Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays. 28920437 5 13 theme bacterial 1042:1050 arg1 species 1052:1058 these bacterial species 1036:1058 these bacterial species 1036:1058 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 7 14 theme buffering 1572:1580 arg1 capacity 1582:1589 the buffering capacity 1568:1589 the buffering capacity of saliva 1568:1599 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 14 theme buffering 1572:1580 arg1 valid 1604:1608 valid 1604:1608 valid 1604:1608 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 14 theme buffering 1572:1580 arg1 ∼pH 1611:1613 ∼pH 6.0 1611:1617 ∼pH 6.0 1611:1617 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 14 theme buffering 1572:1580 arg1 species 1675:1681 the latter species 1664:1681 the latter species 1664:1681 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 14 theme buffering 1572:1580 arg1 starts 1690:1695 starts 1690:1695 starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid 1690:1759 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 3 15 theme microenvironment 802:817 arg1 map 791:793 a high-resolution pH map 770:793 a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm 770:869 In addition, the unique conductive membrane composition aided us in performing an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm. 28920437 3 16 theme mutans 856:861 arg1 biofilm 863:869 the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm 831:869 the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm 831:869 In addition, the unique conductive membrane composition aided us in performing an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm. 28920437 8 17 theme bacterial 1899:1907 arg1 species 1909:1915 two bacterial species 1895:1915 two bacterial species 1895:1915 Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays. 28920437 5 18 theme initial 1115:1121 arg1 increase 1123:1130 an initial increase 1112:1130 an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, 1112:1311 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 2 19 theme Nernstian 529:537 arg1 slope 539:543 a Nernstian slope 527:543 a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH 527:555 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 3 20 theme lactate-producing 835:851 arg1 biofilm 863:869 the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm 831:869 the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm 831:869 In addition, the unique conductive membrane composition aided us in performing an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm. 28920437 0 21 theme pH 84:85 arg1 Microsensor 87:97 a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor 69:97 a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor 69:97 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 0 21 theme pH 84:85 arg1 Probe 140:144 a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe 102:144 a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe 102:144 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 1 22 theme bacterial 363:371 arg1 species 373:379 two bacterial species 359:379 two bacterial species 359:379 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 1 22 theme bacterial 363:371 arg1 mutans 444:449 pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 419:449 pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 419:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 1 22 theme bacterial 363:371 arg1 gordonii 406:413 commensal Streptococcus gordonii 382:413 commensal Streptococcus gordonii 382:413 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 1 23 theme carbon-based 167:178 arg1 microsensor 213:223 a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor 165:223 a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 165:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 7 24 theme S. 1538:1539 arg1 H2O2-producing 1523:1536 H2O2-producing 1523:1536 H2O2-producing S. gordonii 1523:1548 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 2 25 theme high 561:564 arg1 selectivity 566:576 high selectivity 561:576 high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ 561:624 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 8 26 from achievable 1947:1956 arg1 assays 1973:1978 traditional assays 1961:1978 traditional assays 1961:1978 Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays. 28920437 5 27 theme H2O2 1244:1247 arg1 concentration 1249:1261 H2O2 concentration 1244:1261 H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate 1244:1297 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 5 27 theme H2O2 1244:1247 arg1 min 1268:1270 >30 min 1264:1270 >30 min 1264:1270 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 2 28 theme mV/pH 551:555 arg1 slope 539:543 a Nernstian slope 527:543 a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH 527:555 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 2 28 theme mV/pH 551:555 arg1 selectivity 566:576 high selectivity 561:576 high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ 561:624 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 0 29 theme Scanning 104:111 arg1 Microsensor 87:97 a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor 69:97 a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor 69:97 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 0 29 theme Scanning 104:111 arg1 Probe 140:144 a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe 102:144 a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe 102:144 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 1 30 theme Streptococcus 392:404 arg1 species 373:379 two bacterial species 359:379 two bacterial species 359:379 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 1 30 theme Streptococcus 392:404 arg1 gordonii 406:413 commensal Streptococcus gordonii 382:413 commensal Streptococcus gordonii 382:413 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 0 31 theme Real-Time 0:8 arg1 Interactions 20:31 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions 0:31 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species 0:61 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 2 32 theme H+ 471:472 arg1 microelectrode 488:501 diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode 462:501 diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode 462:501 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 2 32 theme H+ 471:472 arg1 μm 459:460 The 25 μm 452:460 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe 452:518 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 8 33 theme traditional 1961:1971 arg1 assays 1973:1978 traditional assays 1961:1978 traditional assays 1961:1978 Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays. 28920437 5 34 theme ± 1184:1184 arg1 μM 1188:1189 approximately 12 ± 5 μM 1167:1189 approximately 12 ± 5 μM 1167:1189 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 3 35 theme conductive 651:660 arg1 composition 671:681 the unique conductive membrane composition 640:681 the unique conductive membrane composition 640:681 In addition, the unique conductive membrane composition aided us in performing an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm. 28920437 5 36 theme local 1139:1143 arg1 concentration 1150:1162 the local H2O2 concentration 1135:1162 the local H2O2 concentration 1135:1162 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 4 37 theme S. 1018:1019 arg1 H2O2-producing 1003:1016 H2O2-producing 1003:1016 H2O2-producing S. gordonii 1003:1028 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 4 37 theme S. 1018:1019 arg1 activity 974:981 the metabolic activity 960:981 the metabolic activity of another species 960:1000 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 2 38 dep μm 459:460 arg1 microelectrode 488:501 diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode 462:501 diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode 462:501 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 2 38 dep μm 459:460 arg1 microprobe 509:518 pH microprobe 506:518 pH microprobe 506:518 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 2 38 dep μm 459:460 arg1 μm 459:460 The 25 μm 452:460 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe 452:518 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 5 39 from increase 1123:1130 arg1 concentration 1150:1162 the local H2O2 concentration 1135:1162 the local H2O2 concentration 1135:1162 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 5 39 from increase 1123:1130 arg1 pH 1342:1343 pH 1342:1343 pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans 1342:1396 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 1 40 theme metabolic 332:340 arg1 exchange 342:349 the microbial metabolic exchange 318:349 the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 318:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 6 41 theme gene 1431:1434 arg1 expression 1436:1445 gene expression 1431:1445 gene expression 1431:1445 These results were supported by gene expression and confocal fluorescence microscopic studies. 28920437 1 42 theme electrochemical 247:261 arg1 SECM 275:278 SECM 275:278 SECM 275:278 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 1 42 theme electrochemical 247:261 arg1 microscopy 263:272 a scanning electrochemical microscopy 236:272 a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 236:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 2 43 theme pH 506:507 arg1 microprobe 509:518 pH microprobe 506:518 pH microprobe 506:518 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 2 43 theme pH 506:507 arg1 μm 459:460 The 25 μm 452:460 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe 452:518 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 5 44 theme H2O2 1145:1148 arg1 concentration 1150:1162 the local H2O2 concentration 1135:1162 the local H2O2 concentration 1135:1162 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 3 45 theme amperometric 709:720 arg1 approach 722:729 an amperometric approach 706:729 an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm 706:869 In addition, the unique conductive membrane composition aided us in performing an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm. 28920437 4 46 dep S. 1018:1019 arg1 gordonii 1021:1028 gordonii 1021:1028 gordonii 1021:1028 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 5 47 theme subsequent 1319:1328 arg1 decrease 1330:1337 a subsequent decrease 1317:1337 a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans 1317:1396 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 5 48 with pH 1342:1343 arg1 output 1378:1383 a more pronounced metabolic output 1350:1383 a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans 1350:1396 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 4 49 theme x-directional 876:888 arg1 pH 890:891 The x-directional pH scan 872:896 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans 872:911 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 5 50 theme mutans 1391:1396 arg1 output 1378:1383 a more pronounced metabolic output 1350:1383 a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans 1350:1396 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 5 51 from decrease 1232:1239 arg1 concentration 1249:1261 H2O2 concentration 1244:1261 H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate 1244:1297 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 5 51 from decrease 1232:1239 arg1 min 1268:1270 >30 min 1264:1270 >30 min 1264:1270 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 8 52 theme chemical 1825:1832 arg1 probes 1834:1839 our SECM chemical probes 1816:1839 our SECM chemical probes 1816:1839 Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays. 28920437 7 53 dep valid 1604:1608 arg1 capacity 1582:1589 the buffering capacity 1568:1589 the buffering capacity of saliva 1568:1599 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 53 dep valid 1604:1608 arg1 ∼pH 1611:1613 ∼pH 6.0 1611:1617 ∼pH 6.0 1611:1617 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 53 dep valid 1604:1608 arg1 valid 1604:1608 valid 1604:1608 valid 1604:1608 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 53 dep valid 1604:1608 arg1 starts 1690:1695 starts 1690:1695 starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid 1690:1759 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 5 54 theme metabolic 1368:1376 arg1 output 1378:1383 a more pronounced metabolic output 1350:1383 a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans 1350:1396 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 6 55 theme fluorescence 1460:1471 arg1 studies 1485:1491 confocal fluorescence microscopic studies 1451:1491 confocal fluorescence microscopic studies 1451:1491 These results were supported by gene expression and confocal fluorescence microscopic studies. 28920437 7 56 theme saliva 1594:1599 arg1 capacity 1582:1589 the buffering capacity 1568:1589 the buffering capacity of saliva 1568:1599 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 56 theme saliva 1594:1599 arg1 valid 1604:1608 valid 1604:1608 valid 1604:1608 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 56 theme saliva 1594:1599 arg1 ∼pH 1611:1613 ∼pH 6.0 1611:1617 ∼pH 6.0 1611:1617 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 56 theme saliva 1594:1599 arg1 species 1675:1681 the latter species 1664:1681 the latter species 1664:1681 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 56 theme saliva 1594:1599 arg1 starts 1690:1695 starts 1690:1695 starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid 1690:1759 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 2 57 theme major 586:590 arg1 ions 592:595 major ions 586:595 major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ 586:624 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 8 58 theme real-time 1854:1862 arg1 interactions 1874:1885 real-time metabolic interactions 1854:1885 real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays 1854:1978 Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays. 28920437 1 59 theme pathogenic 419:428 arg1 mutans 444:449 pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 419:449 pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 419:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 1 59 theme pathogenic 419:428 arg1 species 373:379 two bacterial species 359:379 two bacterial species 359:379 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 4 60 theme profile 949:955 arg1 influence 929:937 the influence 925:937 the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii 925:1028 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 3 61 theme high-resolution 772:786 arg1 map 791:793 a high-resolution pH map 770:793 a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm 770:869 In addition, the unique conductive membrane composition aided us in performing an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm. 28920437 0 62 theme Carbon-Based 71:82 arg1 Microsensor 87:97 a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor 69:97 a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor 69:97 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 0 62 theme Carbon-Based 71:82 arg1 Probe 140:144 a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe 102:144 a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe 102:144 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 7 63 dep S. 1538:1539 arg1 gordonii 1541:1548 gordonii 1541:1548 gordonii 1541:1548 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 64 theme latter 1668:1673 arg1 capacity 1582:1589 the buffering capacity 1568:1589 the buffering capacity of saliva 1568:1599 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 7 64 theme latter 1668:1673 arg1 species 1675:1681 the latter species 1664:1681 the latter species 1664:1681 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 4 65 theme metabolic 964:972 arg1 H2O2-producing 1003:1016 H2O2-producing 1003:1016 H2O2-producing S. gordonii 1003:1028 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 4 65 theme metabolic 964:972 arg1 activity 974:981 the metabolic activity 960:981 the metabolic activity of another species 960:1000 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 8 66 from assays 1973:1978 arg1 achievable 1947:1956 achievable 1947:1956 achievable 1947:1956 Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays. 28920437 5 67 theme gradual 1224:1230 arg1 decrease 1232:1239 a gradual decrease 1222:1239 a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate 1222:1297 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 8 68 theme probes 1834:1839 arg1 capability 1802:1811 the unique capability 1791:1811 the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays 1791:1978 Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of our SECM chemical probes for studying real-time metabolic interactions between two bacterial species, which would not otherwise be achievable in traditional assays. 28920437 5 69 theme spatial 1081:1087 arg1 proximity 1089:1097 close spatial proximity 1075:1097 close spatial proximity 1075:1097 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 3 70 theme S. 853:854 arg1 biofilm 863:869 the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm 831:869 the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm 831:869 In addition, the unique conductive membrane composition aided us in performing an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm. 28920437 4 71 theme pH 946:947 arg1 profile 949:955 the pH profile 942:955 the pH profile 942:955 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 0 72 theme Electrochemical 113:127 arg1 Microsensor 87:97 a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor 69:97 a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor 69:97 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 0 72 theme Electrochemical 113:127 arg1 Probe 140:144 a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe 102:144 a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe 102:144 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 1 73 theme commensal 382:390 arg1 species 373:379 two bacterial species 359:379 two bacterial species 359:379 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 1 73 theme commensal 382:390 arg1 gordonii 406:413 commensal Streptococcus gordonii 382:413 commensal Streptococcus gordonii 382:413 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 0 74 theme Metabolic 10:18 arg1 Interactions 20:31 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions 0:31 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species 0:61 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 2 75 theme ion-selective 474:486 arg1 microelectrode 488:501 diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode 462:501 diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode 462:501 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 2 75 theme ion-selective 474:486 arg1 μm 459:460 The 25 μm 452:460 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe 452:518 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 1 76 dep carbon-based 167:178 arg1 potentiometric 195:208 potentiometric 195:208 potentiometric 195:208 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 5 77 theme close 1075:1079 arg1 proximity 1089:1097 close spatial proximity 1075:1097 close spatial proximity 1075:1097 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 2 78 theme diameter 462:469 arg1 microelectrode 488:501 diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode 462:501 diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode 462:501 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 2 78 theme diameter 462:469 arg1 μm 459:460 The 25 μm 452:460 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe 452:518 The 25 μm diameter H+ ion-selective microelectrode or pH microprobe showed a Nernstian slope of 59 mV/pH and high selectivity against major ions such Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. 28920437 3 79 theme unique 644:649 arg1 composition 671:681 the unique conductive membrane composition 640:681 the unique conductive membrane composition 640:681 In addition, the unique conductive membrane composition aided us in performing an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm. 28920437 0 80 theme Bacterial 45:53 arg1 Species 55:61 Two Bacterial Species 41:61 Two Bacterial Species 41:61 Real-Time Metabolic Interactions between Two Bacterial Species Using a Carbon-Based pH Microsensor as a Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Probe. 28920437 5 81 from decrease 1330:1337 arg1 concentration 1150:1162 the local H2O2 concentration 1135:1162 the local H2O2 concentration 1135:1162 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 5 81 from decrease 1330:1337 arg1 pH 1342:1343 pH 1342:1343 pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans 1342:1396 When these bacterial species were placed in close spatial proximity, we observed an initial increase in the local H2O2 concentration of approximately 12 ± 5 μM above S. gordonii, followed by a gradual decrease in H2O2 concentration (>30 min) to almost zero as lactate was produced, and a subsequent decrease in pH with a more pronounced metabolic output of S. mutans. 28920437 4 82 theme species 994:1000 arg1 H2O2-producing 1003:1016 H2O2-producing 1003:1016 H2O2-producing S. gordonii 1003:1028 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 4 82 theme species 994:1000 arg1 activity 974:981 the metabolic activity 960:981 the metabolic activity of another species 960:1000 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 4 83 dep pH 890:891 arg1 scan 893:896 scan 893:896 scan 893:896 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 1 84 theme microbial 322:330 arg1 exchange 342:349 the microbial metabolic exchange 318:349 the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 318:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 4 85 from influence 929:937 arg1 H2O2-producing 1003:1016 H2O2-producing 1003:1016 H2O2-producing S. gordonii 1003:1028 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 4 85 from influence 929:937 arg1 activity 974:981 the metabolic activity 960:981 the metabolic activity of another species 960:1000 The x-directional pH scan over S. mutans also showed the influence of the pH profile on the metabolic activity of another species, H2O2-producing S. gordonii. 28920437 3 86 theme membrane 662:669 arg1 composition 671:681 the unique conductive membrane composition 640:681 the unique conductive membrane composition 640:681 In addition, the unique conductive membrane composition aided us in performing an amperometric approach curve to position the probe and obtain a high-resolution pH map of the microenvironment produced by the lactate-producing S. mutans biofilm. 28920437 1 87 theme scanning 238:245 arg1 SECM 275:278 SECM 275:278 SECM 275:278 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 1 87 theme scanning 238:245 arg1 microscopy 263:272 a scanning electrochemical microscopy 236:272 a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 236:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28920437 7 88 theme lactic 1749:1754 arg1 acid 1756:1759 lactic acid 1749:1759 lactic acid 1749:1759 Our findings illustrate that H2O2-producing S. gordonii is dominant while the buffering capacity of saliva is valid (∼pH 6.0) but is gradually taken over by S. mutans as the latter species slowly starts decreasing the local pH to 5.0 or less by producing lactic acid. 28920437 1 89 theme microscopy 263:272 arg1 probe 290:294 a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe 236:294 a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans 236:449 We have developed a carbon-based, fast-response potentiometric pH microsensor for use as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) chemical probe to quantitatively map the microbial metabolic exchange between two bacterial species, commensal Streptococcus gordonii and pathogenic Streptococcus mutans. 28065211 13 0 theme particular 2724:2733 arg1 interest 2735:2742 particular interest 2724:2742 particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances 2724:2796 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 4 1 theme 100 831:833 arg1 kg 835:836 kg 835:836 kg 835:836 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 12 2 theme colonic/faecal 2191:2204 arg1 parameters 2206:2215 all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters 2165:2215 all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters 2165:2215 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 6 3 theme 20th 1016:1019 arg1 day 1021:1023 the 10th and 20th day 1003:1023 the 10th and 20th day of the trial 1003:1036 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 2 4 theme faeces 323:328 arg1 ecosystem 340:348 faeces microbial ecosystem 323:348 faeces microbial ecosystem 323:348 However, previous studies concluded that faeces microbial ecosystem was not representative of the proximal hindgut (caecum and ventral colon). 28065211 1 5 theme gut 238:240 arg1 health 242:247 gut health 238:247 gut health 238:247 Faeces could be used for evaluating the balance of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem, which would offer a practical method for assessing gut health and how this relates to disease. 28065211 7 6 theme colonic 1200:1206 arg1 composition 1218:1228 the caecal and colonic bacterial composition 1185:1228 the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) 1185:1345 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 4 7 theme BW 838:839 arg1 barley 841:846 100 kg BW barley 831:846 100 kg BW barley 831:846 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 6 8 theme 10th 1007:1010 arg1 day 1021:1023 the 10th and 20th day 1003:1023 the 10th and 20th day of the trial 1003:1036 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 7 9 theme caecal 1189:1194 arg1 composition 1218:1228 the caecal and colonic bacterial composition 1185:1228 the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) 1185:1345 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 9 10 theme higher 1655:1660 arg1 concentrations 1662:1675 higher concentrations 1655:1675 higher concentrations of faecal lipopolysaccharides 1655:1705 Feeding the hay+barley diet resulted in higher concentrations of faecal lipopolysaccharides. 28065211 6 11 theme digesta 930:936 arg1 Samples 919:925 Samples 919:925 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces 919:973 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 9 12 theme lipopolysaccharides 1687:1705 arg1 concentrations 1662:1675 higher concentrations 1655:1675 higher concentrations of faecal lipopolysaccharides 1655:1705 Feeding the hay+barley diet resulted in higher concentrations of faecal lipopolysaccharides. 28065211 10 13 theme bacterial 1723:1731 arg1 concentrations 1739:1752 The functional bacterial group concentrations 1708:1752 The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) 1708:1803 The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) were significantly correlated between caecum and faeces and between colon and faeces. 28065211 3 14 located observed 524:531 arg1 hindgut 549:555 the proximal hindgut 536:555 the proximal hindgut 536:555 This study aimed to evaluate if variations of the faecal microbial ecosystem were similar to those observed in the proximal hindgut. 28065211 3 14 located observed 524:531 arg2 those 518:522 those 518:522 those 518:522 This study aimed to evaluate if variations of the faecal microbial ecosystem were similar to those observed in the proximal hindgut. 28065211 1 15 theme hindgut 158:164 arg1 ecosystem 176:184 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem 147:184 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem 147:184 Faeces could be used for evaluating the balance of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem, which would offer a practical method for assessing gut health and how this relates to disease. 28065211 11 16 theme microbial 1938:1946 arg1 activity 1948:1955 microbial activity 1938:1955 microbial activity 1938:1955 From analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity, only valerate concentration in the caecum and the proportion of propionate were significantly correlated with the same parameters in the faeces. 28065211 1 17 theme ecosystem 176:184 arg1 balance 136:142 the balance 132:142 the balance of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem, which would offer a practical method for assessing gut health and how this relates to disease 132:279 Faeces could be used for evaluating the balance of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem, which would offer a practical method for assessing gut health and how this relates to disease. 28065211 7 18 theme fatty 1391:1395 arg1 acids 1397:1401 volatile fatty acids 1382:1401 volatile fatty acids concentrations 1382:1416 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 19 theme hindgut 1518:1524 arg1 ecosystem 1536:1544 the hindgut microbial ecosystem 1514:1544 the hindgut microbial ecosystem 1514:1544 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 1 20 used used 112:115 arg2 Faeces 96:101 Faeces 96:101 Faeces 96:101 Faeces could be used for evaluating the balance of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem, which would offer a practical method for assessing gut health and how this relates to disease. 28065211 12 21 theme valerate 2304:2311 arg1 concentrations 2347:2360 valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations 2304:2360 valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations 2304:2360 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 13 22 theme bacterial 2521:2529 arg1 analyses 2531:2538 their bacterial analyses 2515:2538 their bacterial analyses 2515:2538 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 4 23 theme starch 763:768 arg1 diet 771:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet 736:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley) 736:847 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 12 24 theme l-lactate 2314:2322 arg1 concentrations 2347:2360 valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations 2304:2360 valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations 2304:2360 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 4 25 theme right 599:603 arg1 colon 618:622 the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon 584:622 colon 618:622 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 7 26 dep increase 1231:1238 arg1 concentrations 1331:1344 concentrations 1331:1344 concentrations 1331:1344 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 11 27 theme valerate 1963:1970 arg1 concentration 1972:1984 only valerate concentration 1958:1984 only valerate concentration in the caecum 1958:1998 From analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity, only valerate concentration in the caecum and the proportion of propionate were significantly correlated with the same parameters in the faeces. 28065211 13 28 theme high-starch 2677:2687 arg1 diet 2689:2692 a high-starch diet 2675:2692 a high-starch diet 2675:2692 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 4 29 dep diet 698:701 arg1 kg/day 711:716 2.2 DM kg/day 704:716 2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW 704:730 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 4 30 theme % 740:740 arg1 diet 771:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet 736:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley) 736:847 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 10 31 theme lactate 1786:1792 arg1 utilizers 1794:1802 lactate utilizers 1786:1802 lactate utilizers 1786:1802 The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) were significantly correlated between caecum and faeces and between colon and faeces. 28065211 6 32 theme trial 1032:1036 arg1 day 1021:1023 the 10th and 20th day 1003:1023 the 10th and 20th day of the trial 1003:1036 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 7 33 theme microbial 1351:1359 arg1 activity 1361:1368 microbial activity 1351:1368 microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) 1351:1456 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 4 34 theme % 748:748 arg1 diet 771:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet 736:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley) 736:847 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 12 35 theme principal 2118:2126 arg1 analysis 2138:2145 the principal component analysis 2114:2145 the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters 2114:2215 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 13 36 used used 2549:2552 arg2 samples 2503:2509 faecal samples 2496:2509 faecal samples 2496:2509 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 13 36 used used 2549:2552 arg2 analyses 2531:2538 their bacterial analyses 2515:2538 their bacterial analyses 2515:2538 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 8 37 theme Similar 1547:1553 arg1 variations 1555:1564 Similar variations 1547:1564 Similar variations 1547:1564 Similar variations were observed in the faecal microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 38 located observed 1173:1180 arg2 variations 1162:1171 The variations 1158:1171 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) 1158:1456 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 38 located observed 1173:1180 arg1 activity 1361:1368 microbial activity 1351:1368 microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) 1351:1456 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 38 located observed 1173:1180 arg1 composition 1218:1228 the caecal and colonic bacterial composition 1185:1228 the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) 1185:1345 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 12 39 theme analysis 2138:2145 arg1 Results 2103:2109 Results 2103:2109 Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters 2103:2215 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 0 40 theme microbial 54:62 arg1 ecosystem 64:72 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem 35:72 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change 35:93 Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change. 28065211 4 41 theme 100 795:797 arg1 kg 799:800 kg 799:800 kg 799:800 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 6 42 from caecum 947:952 arg1 Samples 919:925 Samples 919:925 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces 919:973 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 4 43 theme 100 676:678 arg1 % 679:679 % 679:679 % 679:679 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 6 44 theme microbial 1067:1075 arg1 parameters 1087:1096 the microbial ecosystem parameters 1063:1096 the microbial ecosystem parameters 1063:1096 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 8 45 theme faecal 1587:1592 arg1 ecosystem 1604:1612 the faecal microbial ecosystem 1583:1612 the faecal microbial ecosystem 1583:1612 Similar variations were observed in the faecal microbial ecosystem. 28065211 4 46 theme hay 681:683 arg1 diet 698:701 a 100% hay (high fibre) diet 674:701 a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) 674:731 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 7 47 dep activity 1361:1368 arg1 increase 1422:1429 increase 1422:1429 increase in lactate concentrations 1422:1455 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 47 dep activity 1361:1368 arg1 changes 1371:1377 changes 1371:1377 changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations 1371:1416 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 4 48 theme DM 817:818 arg1 kg/day 820:825 0.6 DM kg/day 813:825 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley 813:846 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 0 49 theme ecosystem 64:72 arg1 biomarkers 21:30 biomarkers 21:30 biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change 21:93 Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change. 28065211 4 50 theme diet 663:666 arg1 change 653:658 a gradual change 643:658 a gradual change 643:658 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 11 51 from concentration 1972:1984 arg1 caecum 1993:1998 the caecum 1989:1998 the caecum 1989:1998 From analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity, only valerate concentration in the caecum and the proportion of propionate were significantly correlated with the same parameters in the faeces. 28065211 0 52 theme Faecal 0:5 arg1 parameters 7:16 Faecal parameters 0:16 Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change. 0:94 Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change. 28065211 13 53 from high-fibre 2661:2670 arg1 change 2647:2652 a change 2645:2652 a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet 2645:2692 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 2 54 theme ventral 409:415 arg1 colon 417:421 ventral colon 409:421 ventral colon 409:421 However, previous studies concluded that faeces microbial ecosystem was not representative of the proximal hindgut (caecum and ventral colon). 28065211 7 55 theme acids 1397:1401 arg1 concentrations 1403:1416 volatile fatty acids concentrations 1382:1416 volatile fatty acids concentrations 1382:1416 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 4 56 theme BW 802:803 arg1 hay 805:807 100 kg BW hay 795:807 100 kg BW hay 795:807 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 12 57 theme lipopolysaccharide 2328:2345 arg1 concentrations 2347:2360 valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations 2304:2360 valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations 2304:2360 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 2 58 dep hindgut 389:395 arg1 colon 417:421 ventral colon 409:421 ventral colon 409:421 However, previous studies concluded that faeces microbial ecosystem was not representative of the proximal hindgut (caecum and ventral colon). 28065211 2 58 dep hindgut 389:395 arg1 caecum 398:403 caecum 398:403 caecum 398:403 However, previous studies concluded that faeces microbial ecosystem was not representative of the proximal hindgut (caecum and ventral colon). 28065211 2 59 theme hindgut 389:395 arg1 representative 358:371 representative 358:371 representative 358:371 However, previous studies concluded that faeces microbial ecosystem was not representative of the proximal hindgut (caecum and ventral colon). 28065211 5 60 theme trial 905:909 arg1 period 911:916 a 3-week trial period 896:916 a 3-week trial period 896:916 The two diets were iso-energetic and fed over a 3-week trial period. 28065211 12 61 theme several 2392:2398 arg1 parameters 2410:2419 several microbial parameters 2392:2419 |several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||)| 2392:2470 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 4 62 theme DM 708:709 arg1 kg/day 711:716 2.2 DM kg/day 704:716 2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW 704:730 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 6 63 theme culture 1116:1122 arg1 technics 1124:1131 classical culture technics 1106:1131 classical culture technics 1106:1131 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 13 64 theme diagnostic 2747:2756 arg1 disturbances 2785:2796 diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances 2747:2796 diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances 2747:2796 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 12 65 from parameters 2410:2419 arg1 |P||0.50||| 2463:2469 |P||0.50||| 2463:2469 |P||0.50||| 2463:2469 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 12 65 from parameters 2410:2419 arg1 colon 2456:2460 the colon 2452:2460 |the colon (P||0.50||)| 2452:2470 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 12 65 from parameters 2410:2419 arg1 |P||0.45||| 2436:2442 |P||0.45||| 2436:2442 |P||0.45||| 2436:2442 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 12 65 from parameters 2410:2419 arg1 caecum 2428:2433 the caecum 2424:2433 |the caecum (P||0.45||)| 2424:2443 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 12 66 theme bacteria 2268:2275 arg1 concentrations 2277:2290 the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations 2231:2290 the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations 2231:2290 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 4 67 theme high 686:689 arg1 diet 698:701 a 100% hay (high fibre) diet 674:701 a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) 674:731 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 13 68 theme hindgut 2587:2593 arg1 ecosystem 2605:2613 RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem 2578:2613 RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem 2578:2613 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 13 69 theme hindgut 2767:2773 arg1 disturbances 2785:2796 diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances 2747:2796 diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances 2747:2796 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 3 70 theme faecal 475:480 arg1 ecosystem 492:500 the faecal microbial ecosystem 471:500 the faecal microbial ecosystem 471:500 This study aimed to evaluate if variations of the faecal microbial ecosystem were similar to those observed in the proximal hindgut. 28065211 7 71 from increase 1231:1238 arg1 bacteria 1322:1329 cellulolytic bacteria 1309:1329 cellulolytic bacteria 1309:1329 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 71 from increase 1231:1238 arg1 lactate-utilizing 1275:1291 lactate-utilizing 1275:1291 lactate-utilizing 1275:1291 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 71 from increase 1231:1238 arg1 amylolytic 1260:1269 amylolytic 1260:1269 amylolytic 1260:1269 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 71 from increase 1231:1238 arg1 anaerobic 1249:1257 anaerobic 1249:1257 anaerobic 1249:1257 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 72 theme bacterial 1208:1216 arg1 composition 1218:1228 the caecal and colonic bacterial composition 1185:1228 the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) 1185:1345 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 4 73 theme kg 835:836 arg1 barley 841:846 100 kg BW barley 831:846 100 kg BW barley 831:846 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 12 74 theme total 2235:2239 arg1 bacteria 2268:2275 the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria 2231:2275 the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations 2231:2290 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 13 75 theme faecal 2496:2501 arg1 samples 2503:2509 faecal samples 2496:2509 faecal samples 2496:2509 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 2 76 theme microbial 330:338 arg1 ecosystem 340:348 faeces microbial ecosystem 323:348 faeces microbial ecosystem 323:348 However, previous studies concluded that faeces microbial ecosystem was not representative of the proximal hindgut (caecum and ventral colon). 28065211 13 77 theme interest 2735:2742 arg1 markers 2713:2719 markers 2713:2719 markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances 2713:2796 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 12 78 theme microbial 2400:2408 arg1 parameters 2410:2419 several microbial parameters 2392:2419 |several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||)| 2392:2470 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 11 79 from proportion 2008:2017 arg1 caecum 1993:1998 the caecum 1989:1998 the caecum 1989:1998 From analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity, only valerate concentration in the caecum and the proportion of propionate were significantly correlated with the same parameters in the faeces. 28065211 13 80 theme RV 2578:2579 arg1 ecosystem 2605:2613 RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem 2578:2613 RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem 2578:2613 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 11 81 theme metabolites 1912:1922 arg1 analyses 1896:1903 analyses 1896:1903 analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity 1896:1955 From analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity, only valerate concentration in the caecum and the proportion of propionate were significantly correlated with the same parameters in the faeces. 28065211 9 82 theme faecal 1680:1685 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 1687:1705 faecal lipopolysaccharides 1680:1705 faecal lipopolysaccharides 1680:1705 Feeding the hay+barley diet resulted in higher concentrations of faecal lipopolysaccharides. 28065211 10 83 theme group 1733:1737 arg1 concentrations 1739:1752 The functional bacterial group concentrations 1708:1752 The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) 1708:1803 The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) were significantly correlated between caecum and faeces and between colon and faeces. 28065211 3 84 theme ecosystem 492:500 arg1 variations 457:466 variations 457:466 variations of the faecal microbial ecosystem 457:500 This study aimed to evaluate if variations of the faecal microbial ecosystem were similar to those observed in the proximal hindgut. 28065211 1 85 theme equine 151:156 arg1 ecosystem 176:184 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem 147:184 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem 147:184 Faeces could be used for evaluating the balance of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem, which would offer a practical method for assessing gut health and how this relates to disease. 28065211 0 86 theme equine 39:44 arg1 ecosystem 64:72 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem 35:72 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change 35:93 Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change. 28065211 7 87 theme microbial 1526:1534 arg1 ecosystem 1536:1544 the hindgut microbial ecosystem 1514:1544 the hindgut microbial ecosystem 1514:1544 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 13 88 from caecum 2567:2572 arg1 terms 2618:2622 terms 2618:2622 terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet 2618:2692 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 4 89 theme ventral 605:611 arg1 colon 618:622 the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon 584:622 colon 618:622 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 10 90 theme functional 1712:1721 arg1 concentrations 1739:1752 The functional bacterial group concentrations 1708:1752 The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) 1708:1803 The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) were significantly correlated between caecum and faeces and between colon and faeces. 28065211 1 91 theme microbial 166:174 arg1 ecosystem 176:184 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem 147:184 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem 147:184 Faeces could be used for evaluating the balance of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem, which would offer a practical method for assessing gut health and how this relates to disease. 28065211 7 92 theme volatile 1382:1389 arg1 acids 1397:1401 volatile fatty acids 1382:1401 volatile fatty acids concentrations 1382:1416 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 13 93 from ecosystem 2605:2613 arg1 terms 2618:2622 terms 2618:2622 terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet 2618:2692 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 4 94 theme RV 614:615 arg1 colon 618:622 the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon 584:622 colon 618:622 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 4 95 theme barley 750:755 arg1 diet 771:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet 736:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley) 736:847 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 4 96 dep diet 771:774 arg1 kg/day 784:789 0.8 DM kg/day 777:789 0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay 777:807 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 4 96 dep diet 771:774 arg1 kg/day 820:825 0.6 DM kg/day 813:825 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley 813:846 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 4 97 theme high 758:761 arg1 diet 771:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet 736:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley) 736:847 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 12 98 theme caecal/faecal 2173:2185 arg1 parameters 2206:2215 all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters 2165:2215 all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters 2165:2215 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 3 99 theme proximal 540:547 arg1 hindgut 549:555 the proximal hindgut 536:555 the proximal hindgut 536:555 This study aimed to evaluate if variations of the faecal microbial ecosystem were similar to those observed in the proximal hindgut. 28065211 4 100 theme 57 738:739 arg1 % 740:740 % 740:740 % 740:740 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 12 101 theme component 2128:2136 arg1 analysis 2138:2145 the principal component analysis 2114:2145 the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters 2114:2215 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 7 102 from increase 1422:1429 arg1 concentrations 1442:1455 lactate concentrations 1434:1455 lactate concentrations 1434:1455 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 102 from increase 1422:1429 arg1 concentrations 1403:1416 volatile fatty acids concentrations 1382:1416 volatile fatty acids concentrations 1382:1416 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 6 103 from faeces 968:973 arg1 Samples 919:925 Samples 919:925 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces 919:973 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 11 104 from parameters 2077:2086 arg1 faeces 2095:2100 the faeces 2091:2100 the faeces 2091:2100 From analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity, only valerate concentration in the caecum and the proportion of propionate were significantly correlated with the same parameters in the faeces. 28065211 4 105 from diet 698:701 arg1 change 653:658 a gradual change 643:658 a gradual change 643:658 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 7 106 from changes 1503:1509 arg1 ecosystem 1536:1544 the hindgut microbial ecosystem 1514:1544 the hindgut microbial ecosystem 1514:1544 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 8 107 located observed 1571:1578 arg1 ecosystem 1604:1612 the faecal microbial ecosystem 1583:1612 the faecal microbial ecosystem 1583:1612 Similar variations were observed in the faecal microbial ecosystem. 28065211 8 107 located observed 1571:1578 arg2 variations 1555:1564 Similar variations 1547:1564 Similar variations 1547:1564 Similar variations were observed in the faecal microbial ecosystem. 28065211 4 108 theme hay+43 742:747 arg1 diet 771:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet 736:774 a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley) 736:847 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 6 109 theme RV 955:956 arg1 colon 958:962 RV colon 955:962 RV colon 955:962 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 4 110 theme gradual 645:651 arg1 change 653:658 a gradual change 643:658 a gradual change 643:658 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 6 111 theme classical 1106:1114 arg1 technics 1124:1131 classical culture technics 1106:1131 classical culture technics 1106:1131 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 7 112 theme cellulolytic 1309:1320 arg1 bacteria 1322:1329 cellulolytic bacteria 1309:1329 cellulolytic bacteria 1309:1329 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 4 113 theme DM 781:782 arg1 kg/day 784:789 0.8 DM kg/day 777:789 0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay 777:807 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 0 114 theme dietary 80:86 arg1 change 88:93 dietary change 80:93 dietary change 80:93 Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change. 28065211 7 115 theme hay+barley 1480:1489 arg1 diet 1491:1494 the hay+barley diet 1476:1494 the hay+barley diet 1476:1494 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 11 116 theme propionate 2022:2031 arg1 concentration 1972:1984 only valerate concentration 1958:1984 only valerate concentration in the caecum 1958:1998 From analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity, only valerate concentration in the caecum and the proportion of propionate were significantly correlated with the same parameters in the faeces. 28065211 11 116 theme propionate 2022:2031 arg1 proportion 2008:2017 the proportion 2004:2017 the proportion of propionate 2004:2031 From analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity, only valerate concentration in the caecum and the proportion of propionate were significantly correlated with the same parameters in the faeces. 28065211 6 117 from colon 958:962 arg1 Samples 919:925 Samples 919:925 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces 919:973 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 6 118 theme ecosystem 1077:1085 arg1 parameters 1087:1096 the microbial ecosystem parameters 1063:1096 the microbial ecosystem parameters 1063:1096 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 5 119 theme 3-week 898:903 arg1 period 911:916 a 3-week trial period 896:916 a 3-week trial period 896:916 The two diets were iso-energetic and fed over a 3-week trial period. 28065211 11 120 theme same 2072:2075 arg1 parameters 2077:2086 the same parameters 2068:2086 the same parameters in the faeces 2068:2100 From analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity, only valerate concentration in the caecum and the proportion of propionate were significantly correlated with the same parameters in the faeces. 28065211 7 121 from changes 1371:1377 arg1 concentrations 1442:1455 lactate concentrations 1434:1455 lactate concentrations 1434:1455 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 121 from changes 1371:1377 arg1 concentrations 1403:1416 volatile fatty acids concentrations 1382:1416 volatile fatty acids concentrations 1382:1416 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 4 122 theme % 679:679 arg1 diet 698:701 a 100% hay (high fibre) diet 674:701 a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) 674:731 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 8 123 theme microbial 1594:1602 arg1 ecosystem 1604:1612 the faecal microbial ecosystem 1583:1612 the faecal microbial ecosystem 1583:1612 Similar variations were observed in the faecal microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 124 theme lactate 1434:1440 arg1 concentrations 1442:1455 lactate concentrations 1434:1455 lactate concentrations 1434:1455 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 13 125 theme variations 2627:2636 arg1 terms 2618:2622 terms 2618:2622 terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet 2618:2692 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 10 126 dep concentrations 1739:1752 arg1 amylolytics 1770:1780 amylolytics 1770:1780 amylolytics 1770:1780 The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) were significantly correlated between caecum and faeces and between colon and faeces. 28065211 10 126 dep concentrations 1739:1752 arg1 utilizers 1794:1802 lactate utilizers 1786:1802 lactate utilizers 1786:1802 The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) were significantly correlated between caecum and faeces and between colon and faeces. 28065211 10 126 dep concentrations 1739:1752 arg1 cellulolytics 1755:1767 cellulolytics 1755:1767 cellulolytics 1755:1767 The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) were significantly correlated between caecum and faeces and between colon and faeces. 28065211 6 127 theme biochemical 1137:1147 arg1 methods 1149:1155 biochemical methods 1137:1155 biochemical methods 1137:1155 Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. 28065211 7 128 dep composition 1218:1228 arg1 decrease 1297:1304 decrease 1297:1304 decrease in cellulolytic bacteria 1297:1329 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 128 dep composition 1218:1228 arg1 increase 1231:1238 increase 1231:1238 increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing 1231:1291 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 129 from decrease 1297:1304 arg1 bacteria 1322:1329 cellulolytic bacteria 1309:1329 cellulolytic bacteria 1309:1329 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 129 from decrease 1297:1304 arg1 lactate-utilizing 1275:1291 lactate-utilizing 1275:1291 lactate-utilizing 1275:1291 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 129 from decrease 1297:1304 arg1 amylolytic 1260:1269 amylolytic 1260:1269 amylolytic 1260:1269 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 7 129 from decrease 1297:1304 arg1 anaerobic 1249:1257 anaerobic 1249:1257 anaerobic 1249:1257 The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay+barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. 28065211 4 130 theme kg 799:800 arg1 hay 805:807 100 kg BW hay 795:807 100 kg BW hay 795:807 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 12 131 theme cellulolytic 2255:2266 arg1 bacteria 2268:2275 the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria 2231:2275 the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations 2231:2290 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 2 132 theme proximal 380:387 arg1 hindgut 389:395 the proximal hindgut 376:395 the proximal hindgut (caecum and ventral colon) 376:422 However, previous studies concluded that faeces microbial ecosystem was not representative of the proximal hindgut (caecum and ventral colon). 28065211 0 133 theme hindgut 46:52 arg1 ecosystem 64:72 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem 35:72 the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change 35:93 Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change. 28065211 13 134 theme colon 2581:2585 arg1 ecosystem 2605:2613 RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem 2578:2613 RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem 2578:2613 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 13 135 theme proximal 2758:2765 arg1 disturbances 2785:2796 diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances 2747:2796 diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances 2747:2796 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 9 136 theme hay+barley 1627:1636 arg1 diet 1638:1641 the hay+barley diet 1623:1641 the hay+barley diet 1623:1641 Feeding the hay+barley diet resulted in higher concentrations of faecal lipopolysaccharides. 28065211 1 137 dep offer 199:203 arg1 relates 262:268 relates 262:268 relates to disease 262:279 Faeces could be used for evaluating the balance of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem, which would offer a practical method for assessing gut health and how this relates to disease. 28065211 2 138 theme previous 291:298 arg1 studies 300:306 previous studies 291:306 previous studies 291:306 However, previous studies concluded that faeces microbial ecosystem was not representative of the proximal hindgut (caecum and ventral colon). 28065211 13 139 theme microbial 2595:2603 arg1 ecosystem 2605:2613 RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem 2578:2613 RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem 2578:2613 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 1 140 theme practical 207:215 arg1 method 217:222 a practical method 205:222 a practical method for assessing gut health 205:247 Faeces could be used for evaluating the balance of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem, which would offer a practical method for assessing gut health and how this relates to disease. 28065211 13 141 theme microbial 2775:2783 arg1 disturbances 2785:2796 diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances 2747:2796 diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances 2747:2796 This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances. 28065211 12 142 theme anaerobic 2241:2249 arg1 bacteria 2268:2275 the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria 2231:2275 the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations 2231:2290 |Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, l-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum (P||0.45||) and in the colon (P||0.50||).| 28065211 4 143 theme fibre 691:695 arg1 diet 698:701 a 100% hay (high fibre) diet 674:701 a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) 674:731 Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay+43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). 28065211 3 144 theme microbial 482:490 arg1 ecosystem 492:500 the faecal microbial ecosystem 471:500 the faecal microbial ecosystem 471:500 This study aimed to evaluate if variations of the faecal microbial ecosystem were similar to those observed in the proximal hindgut. 27810103 9 0 theme matrix 1801:1806 arg1 effects 1808:1814 matrix effects 1801:1814 matrix effects 1801:1814 The obtained relative recoveries were in the range of 90.6-105.4%, demonstrating elimination of matrix effects which can be attributed to the remarkable affinity of OPPs toward ZNCAHF. 27810103 1 1 theme alginate 292:299 arg1 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 1 1 theme alginate 292:299 arg1 fibers 310:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 245:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) 245:324 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 0 2 theme matrix 211:216 arg1 effects 218:224 matrix effects 211:224 matrix effects 211:224 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 8 3 theme organophosphorous 1631:1647 arg1 pesticides 1649:1658 selected organophosphorous pesticides 1622:1658 selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) 1622:1665 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent was investigated by extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water. 27810103 8 3 theme organophosphorous 1631:1647 arg1 OPPs 1661:1664 OPPs 1661:1664 OPPs 1661:1664 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent was investigated by extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water. 27810103 5 4 theme concentration 1173:1185 arg1 range 1187:1191 the concentration range 1169:1191 the concentration range of 0.01-500ngmL-1 with regression coefficients between 0.9997 and 0.9999 1169:1264 Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.01-500ngmL-1 with regression coefficients between 0.9997 and 0.9999. 27810103 3 5 theme scanning 741:748 arg1 FESEM 771:775 FESEM 771:775 FESEM 771:775 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 5 theme scanning 741:748 arg1 microscopy 759:768 field emission scanning electron microscopy 726:768 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 726:776 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 4 6 theme desorption 1045:1054 arg1 pH 984:985 pH 984:985 pH 984:985 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 6 theme desorption 1045:1054 arg1 conditions 1056:1065 desorption conditions 1045:1065 desorption conditions 1045:1065 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 3 7 theme field 726:730 arg1 FESEM 771:775 FESEM 771:775 FESEM 771:775 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 7 theme field 726:730 arg1 microscopy 759:768 field emission scanning electron microscopy 726:768 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 726:776 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 0 8 theme juice 143:147 arg1 samples 149:155 water and juice samples 133:155 samples 149:155 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 8 9 theme real 1672:1675 arg1 samples 1677:1683 real samples 1672:1683 real samples of juice and water 1672:1702 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent was investigated by extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water. 27810103 4 10 theme fiber 915:919 arg1 fabrication 896:906 fabrication 896:906 fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) 896:1066 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 3 11 dep composition 607:617 arg1 The 603:605 The 603:605 The 603:605 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 2 12 theme chromatography-mass 550:568 arg1 GC-MS 595:599 GC-MS 595:599 GC-MS 595:599 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 12 theme chromatography-mass 550:568 arg1 detection 584:592 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection 546:592 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS) 546:600 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 6 13 theme detection 1281:1289 arg1 limits 1309:1314 limits 1309:1314 limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the method 1309:1361 The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the method ranged from 0.001 to 0.004ngmL-1 and 0.003 to 0.012ngmL-1, respectively. 27810103 6 13 theme detection 1281:1289 arg1 limits 1271:1276 The limits 1267:1276 The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) 1267:1303 The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the method ranged from 0.001 to 0.004ngmL-1 and 0.003 to 0.012ngmL-1, respectively. 27810103 4 14 dep recovery 974:981 arg1 pH 984:985 pH 984:985 pH 984:985 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 14 dep recovery 974:981 arg1 time 1020:1023 extraction time 1009:1023 extraction time 1009:1023 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 14 dep recovery 974:981 arg1 conditions 1056:1065 desorption conditions 1045:1065 desorption conditions 1045:1065 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 14 dep recovery 974:981 arg1 amount 988:993 amount 988:993 amount of adsorbent 988:1006 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 14 dep recovery 974:981 arg1 adsorbent 998:1006 adsorbent 998:1006 adsorbent 998:1006 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 14 dep recovery 974:981 arg1 addition 1031:1038 salt addition 1026:1038 salt addition 1026:1038 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 3 15 theme differential 826:837 arg1 DSC 861:863 DSC 861:863 DSC 861:863 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 15 theme differential 826:837 arg1 calorimetry 848:858 differential scanning calorimetry 826:858 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 826:864 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 16 theme dispersive 786:795 arg1 EDX 816:818 EDX 816:818 EDX 816:818 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 16 theme dispersive 786:795 arg1 diffraction 803:813 energy dispersive X-ray diffraction 779:813 energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX) 779:819 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 4 17 theme relative 954:961 arg1 recovery 974:981 relative extraction recovery 954:981 relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) 954:1066 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 0 18 with application 179:189 arg1 elimination 196:206 elimination 196:206 elimination of matrix effects 196:224 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 6 19 theme quantification 1319:1332 arg1 limits 1309:1314 limits 1309:1314 limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the method 1309:1361 The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the method ranged from 0.001 to 0.004ngmL-1 and 0.003 to 0.012ngmL-1, respectively. 27810103 6 19 theme quantification 1319:1332 arg1 limits 1271:1276 The limits 1267:1276 The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) 1267:1303 The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the method ranged from 0.001 to 0.004ngmL-1 and 0.003 to 0.012ngmL-1, respectively. 27810103 4 20 theme weight 922:927 arg1 ratio 929:933 weight ratio 922:933 weight ratio of components 922:947 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 0 21 with synthesis 165:173 arg1 elimination 196:206 elimination 196:206 elimination of matrix effects 196:224 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 0 22 theme pesticides 117:126 arg1 extraction 85:94 extraction 85:94 extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples 85:155 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 2 23 theme malathion 502:510 arg1 extraction 436:445 the micro-solid-phase extraction 414:445 the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) 414:515 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 23 theme malathion 502:510 arg1 MSPE 448:451 MSPE 448:451 MSPE 448:451 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 1 24 dep simple 353:358 arg1 green 361:365 green 361:365 green 361:365 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 0 25 theme water 133:137 arg1 samples 149:155 water and juice samples 133:155 samples 149:155 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 2 26 theme parathion 464:472 arg1 extraction 436:445 the micro-solid-phase extraction 414:445 the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) 414:515 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 26 theme parathion 464:472 arg1 MSPE 448:451 MSPE 448:451 MSPE 448:451 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 4 27 theme adsorbent 998:1006 arg1 pH 984:985 pH 984:985 pH 984:985 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 27 theme adsorbent 998:1006 arg1 time 1020:1023 extraction time 1009:1023 extraction time 1009:1023 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 27 theme adsorbent 998:1006 arg1 conditions 1056:1065 desorption conditions 1045:1065 desorption conditions 1045:1065 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 27 theme adsorbent 998:1006 arg1 amount 988:993 amount 988:993 amount of adsorbent 988:1006 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 27 theme adsorbent 998:1006 arg1 adsorbent 998:1006 adsorbent 998:1006 adsorbent 998:1006 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 27 theme adsorbent 998:1006 arg1 addition 1031:1038 salt addition 1026:1038 salt addition 1026:1038 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 0 28 theme zirconia 15:22 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of zirconia 0:22 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 7 29 theme relative 1464:1471 arg1 RSDs 1494:1497 RSDs 1494:1497 RSDs 1494:1497 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 7 29 theme relative 1464:1471 arg1 deviations 1482:1491 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations 1436:1491 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) 1436:1498 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 7 29 theme relative 1464:1471 arg1 % 1512:1512 2.2-5.9% 1505:1512 2.2-5.9% 1505:1512 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 4 30 theme recovery 974:981 arg1 fabrication 896:906 fabrication 896:906 fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) 896:1066 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 0 31 theme calcium 48:54 arg1 fibers 74:79 calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 48:79 calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 48:79 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 2 32 from adsorbent 401:409 arg1 extraction 436:445 the micro-solid-phase extraction 414:445 the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) 414:515 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 32 from adsorbent 401:409 arg1 MSPE 448:451 MSPE 448:451 MSPE 448:451 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 0 33 theme hydrogel 65:72 arg1 fibers 74:79 calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 48:79 calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 48:79 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 4 34 theme Various 867:873 arg1 parameters 875:884 Various parameters 867:884 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) 867:1066 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 9 35 theme % 1769:1769 arg1 range 1750:1754 the range 1746:1754 the range of 90.6-105.4% 1746:1769 The obtained relative recoveries were in the range of 90.6-105.4%, demonstrating elimination of matrix effects which can be attributed to the remarkable affinity of OPPs toward ZNCAHF. 27810103 2 36 from extraction 436:445 arg1 adsorbent 401:409 adsorbent 401:409 adsorbent 401:409 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 36 from extraction 436:445 arg1 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 3 37 theme fiber 650:654 arg1 morphology 623:632 morphology 623:632 morphology 623:632 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 37 theme fiber 650:654 arg1 composition 607:617 composition 607:617 composition 607:617 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 8 38 theme adsorbent 1578:1586 arg1 applicability 1546:1558 The applicability 1542:1558 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent 1542:1586 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent was investigated by extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water. 27810103 1 39 theme zirconia 251:258 arg1 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 1 39 theme zirconia 251:258 arg1 fibers 310:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 245:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) 245:324 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 4 40 theme extraction 1009:1018 arg1 time 1020:1023 extraction time 1009:1023 extraction time 1009:1023 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 40 theme extraction 1009:1018 arg1 pH 984:985 pH 984:985 pH 984:985 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 1 41 theme calcium 284:290 arg1 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 1 41 theme calcium 284:290 arg1 fibers 310:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 245:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) 245:324 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 9 42 theme effects 1808:1814 arg1 elimination 1786:1796 elimination 1786:1796 elimination of matrix effects which can be attributed to the remarkable affinity of OPPs toward ZNCAHF 1786:1887 The obtained relative recoveries were in the range of 90.6-105.4%, demonstrating elimination of matrix effects which can be attributed to the remarkable affinity of OPPs toward ZNCAHF. 27810103 3 43 theme Fourier 678:684 arg1 FTIR 719:722 FTIR 719:722 FTIR 719:722 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 43 theme Fourier 678:684 arg1 spectroscopy 705:716 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 678:716 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 678:723 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 0 44 theme effects 218:224 arg1 elimination 196:206 elimination 196:206 elimination of matrix effects 196:224 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 1 45 theme hydrogel 301:308 arg1 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 1 45 theme hydrogel 301:308 arg1 fibers 310:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 245:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) 245:324 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 2 46 theme spectroscopic 570:582 arg1 GC-MS 595:599 GC-MS 595:599 GC-MS 595:599 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 46 theme spectroscopic 570:582 arg1 detection 584:592 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection 546:592 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS) 546:600 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 8 47 theme selected 1622:1629 arg1 pesticides 1649:1658 selected organophosphorous pesticides 1622:1658 selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) 1622:1665 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent was investigated by extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water. 27810103 8 47 theme selected 1622:1629 arg1 OPPs 1661:1664 OPPs 1661:1664 OPPs 1661:1664 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent was investigated by extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water. 27810103 8 48 theme pesticides 1649:1658 arg1 extraction 1608:1617 extraction 1608:1617 extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water 1608:1702 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent was investigated by extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water. 27810103 8 49 from samples 1677:1683 arg1 extraction 1608:1617 extraction 1608:1617 extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water 1608:1702 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent was investigated by extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water. 27810103 3 50 theme electron 750:757 arg1 FESEM 771:775 FESEM 771:775 FESEM 771:775 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 50 theme electron 750:757 arg1 microscopy 759:768 field emission scanning electron microscopy 726:768 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 726:776 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 2 51 theme model 520:524 arg1 pesticides 526:535 model pesticides 520:535 model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS) 520:600 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 51 theme model 520:524 arg1 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 3 52 theme emission 732:739 arg1 FESEM 771:775 FESEM 771:775 FESEM 771:775 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 52 theme emission 732:739 arg1 microscopy 759:768 field emission scanning electron microscopy 726:768 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 726:776 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 0 53 theme Facile 158:163 arg1 synthesis 165:173 Facile synthesis 158:173 Facile synthesis 158:173 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 9 54 theme OPPs 1870:1873 arg1 affinity 1858:1865 the remarkable affinity 1843:1865 the remarkable affinity of OPPs toward ZNCAHF 1843:1887 The obtained relative recoveries were in the range of 90.6-105.4%, demonstrating elimination of matrix effects which can be attributed to the remarkable affinity of OPPs toward ZNCAHF. 27810103 2 55 theme gas 546:548 arg1 GC-MS 595:599 GC-MS 595:599 GC-MS 595:599 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 55 theme gas 546:548 arg1 detection 584:592 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection 546:592 gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS) 546:600 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 8 56 theme juice 1688:1692 arg1 samples 1677:1683 real samples 1672:1683 real samples of juice and water 1672:1702 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent was investigated by extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water. 27810103 3 57 theme scanning 839:846 arg1 DSC 861:863 DSC 861:863 DSC 861:863 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 57 theme scanning 839:846 arg1 calorimetry 848:858 differential scanning calorimetry 826:858 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 826:864 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 2 58 theme prior 537:541 arg1 pesticides 526:535 model pesticides 520:535 model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS) 520:600 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 58 theme prior 537:541 arg1 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 9 59 theme remarkable 1847:1856 arg1 affinity 1858:1865 the remarkable affinity 1843:1865 the remarkable affinity of OPPs toward ZNCAHF 1843:1887 The obtained relative recoveries were in the range of 90.6-105.4%, demonstrating elimination of matrix effects which can be attributed to the remarkable affinity of OPPs toward ZNCAHF. 27810103 3 60 theme X-ray 797:801 arg1 EDX 816:818 EDX 816:818 EDX 816:818 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 60 theme X-ray 797:801 arg1 diffraction 803:813 energy dispersive X-ray diffraction 779:813 energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX) 779:819 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 8 61 theme water 1698:1702 arg1 samples 1677:1683 real samples 1672:1683 real samples of juice and water 1672:1702 The applicability of the fabricated adsorbent was investigated by extraction of selected organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) from real samples of juice and water. 27810103 4 62 theme components 938:947 arg1 ratio 929:933 weight ratio 922:933 weight ratio of components 922:947 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 5 63 theme regression 1216:1225 arg1 coefficients 1227:1238 regression coefficients 1216:1238 regression coefficients between 0.9997 and 0.9999 1216:1264 Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.01-500ngmL-1 with regression coefficients between 0.9997 and 0.9999. 27810103 3 64 theme energy 779:784 arg1 EDX 816:818 EDX 816:818 EDX 816:818 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 64 theme energy 779:784 arg1 diffraction 803:813 energy dispersive X-ray diffraction 779:813 energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX) 779:819 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 0 65 theme organophosphorous 99:115 arg1 pesticides 117:126 organophosphorous pesticides 99:126 organophosphorous pesticides 99:126 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 2 66 theme fenitrothion 480:491 arg1 extraction 436:445 the micro-solid-phase extraction 414:445 the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) 414:515 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 66 theme fenitrothion 480:491 arg1 MSPE 448:451 MSPE 448:451 MSPE 448:451 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 4 67 dep fiber 915:919 arg1 ratio 929:933 weight ratio 922:933 weight ratio of components 922:947 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 2 68 used used 390:393 arg2 pesticides 526:535 model pesticides 520:535 model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS) 520:600 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 68 used used 390:393 arg2 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF 378:383 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 68 used used 390:393 arg2 adsorbent 401:409 adsorbent 401:409 adsorbent 401:409 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 9 69 theme obtained 1709:1716 arg1 recoveries 1727:1736 The obtained relative recoveries 1705:1736 The obtained relative recoveries 1705:1736 The obtained relative recoveries were in the range of 90.6-105.4%, demonstrating elimination of matrix effects which can be attributed to the remarkable affinity of OPPs toward ZNCAHF. 27810103 2 70 theme methyl 457:462 arg1 MP 475:476 MP 475:476 MP 475:476 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 70 theme methyl 457:462 arg1 parathion 464:472 methyl parathion 457:472 methyl parathion (MP) 457:477 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 6 71 theme method 1356:1361 arg1 LOQ 1335:1337 LOQ 1335:1337 LOQ 1335:1337 The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the method ranged from 0.001 to 0.004ngmL-1 and 0.003 to 0.012ngmL-1, respectively. 27810103 6 71 theme method 1356:1361 arg1 S/N=10 1341:1346 S/N=10 1341:1346 S/N=10 1341:1346 The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the method ranged from 0.001 to 0.004ngmL-1 and 0.003 to 0.012ngmL-1, respectively. 27810103 6 71 theme method 1356:1361 arg1 quantification 1319:1332 quantification 1319:1332 quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the method 1319:1361 The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the method ranged from 0.001 to 0.004ngmL-1 and 0.003 to 0.012ngmL-1, respectively. 27810103 5 72 theme calibration 1133:1143 arg1 curves 1145:1150 the calibration curves 1129:1150 the calibration curves 1129:1150 Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.01-500ngmL-1 with regression coefficients between 0.9997 and 0.9999. 27810103 0 73 theme alginate 56:63 arg1 fibers 74:79 calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 48:79 calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 48:79 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 7 74 theme standard 1473:1480 arg1 RSDs 1494:1497 RSDs 1494:1497 RSDs 1494:1497 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 7 74 theme standard 1473:1480 arg1 deviations 1482:1491 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations 1436:1491 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) 1436:1498 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 7 74 theme standard 1473:1480 arg1 % 1512:1512 2.2-5.9% 1505:1512 2.2-5.9% 1505:1512 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 4 75 theme extraction 963:972 arg1 recovery 974:981 relative extraction recovery 954:981 relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) 954:1066 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 5 76 theme 0.01-500ngmL-1 1196:1209 arg1 range 1187:1191 the concentration range 1169:1191 the concentration range of 0.01-500ngmL-1 with regression coefficients between 0.9997 and 0.9999 1169:1264 Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.01-500ngmL-1 with regression coefficients between 0.9997 and 0.9999. 27810103 2 77 theme micro-solid-phase 418:434 arg1 extraction 436:445 the micro-solid-phase extraction 414:445 the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) 414:515 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 2 77 theme micro-solid-phase 418:434 arg1 MSPE 448:451 MSPE 448:451 MSPE 448:451 ZNCAHF were used as an adsorbent in the micro-solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of methyl parathion (MP), fenitrothion (FT) and malathion (MT) as model pesticides prior to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). 27810103 5 78 theme optimized 1107:1115 arg1 conditions 1117:1126 optimized conditions 1107:1126 optimized conditions 1107:1126 Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.01-500ngmL-1 with regression coefficients between 0.9997 and 0.9999. 27810103 7 79 theme inter-day 1454:1462 arg1 RSDs 1494:1497 RSDs 1494:1497 RSDs 1494:1497 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 7 79 theme inter-day 1454:1462 arg1 deviations 1482:1491 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations 1436:1491 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) 1436:1498 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 7 79 theme inter-day 1454:1462 arg1 % 1512:1512 2.2-5.9% 1505:1512 2.2-5.9% 1505:1512 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 1 80 theme simple 353:358 arg1 procedure 367:375 a simple, green procedure 351:375 a simple, green procedure 351:375 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 7 81 theme intra-day 1440:1448 arg1 RSDs 1494:1497 RSDs 1494:1497 RSDs 1494:1497 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 7 81 theme intra-day 1440:1448 arg1 deviations 1482:1491 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations 1436:1491 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) 1436:1498 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 7 81 theme intra-day 1440:1448 arg1 % 1512:1512 2.2-5.9% 1505:1512 2.2-5.9% 1505:1512 The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2-5.9% and 3.2-7.8%, respectively. 27810103 0 82 dep nanoparticles-decorated 24:46 arg1 application 179:189 application 179:189 application 179:189 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 0 82 dep nanoparticles-decorated 24:46 arg1 synthesis 165:173 Facile synthesis 158:173 Facile synthesis 158:173 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 4 83 theme salt 1026:1029 arg1 addition 1031:1038 salt addition 1026:1038 salt addition 1026:1038 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 4 83 theme salt 1026:1029 arg1 pH 984:985 pH 984:985 pH 984:985 Various parameters affecting fabrication of the fiber (weight ratio of components) and relative extraction recovery (pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, salt addition, and desorption conditions) were investigated and optimized. 27810103 3 84 theme prepared 641:648 arg1 fiber 650:654 the prepared fiber 637:654 the prepared fiber 637:654 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 5 85 with 0.01-500ngmL-1 1196:1209 arg1 coefficients 1227:1238 regression coefficients 1216:1238 regression coefficients between 0.9997 and 0.9999 1216:1264 Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.01-500ngmL-1 with regression coefficients between 0.9997 and 0.9999. 27810103 1 86 theme novel 245:249 arg1 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 1 86 theme novel 245:249 arg1 fibers 310:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 245:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) 245:324 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 0 87 from samples 149:155 arg1 extraction 85:94 extraction 85:94 extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples 85:155 Development of zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers for extraction of organophosphorous pesticides from water and juice samples: Facile synthesis and application with elimination of matrix effects. 27810103 3 88 theme transform-infrared 686:703 arg1 FTIR 719:722 FTIR 719:722 FTIR 719:722 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 3 88 theme transform-infrared 686:703 arg1 spectroscopy 705:716 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 678:716 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 678:723 The composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 27810103 9 89 theme relative 1718:1725 arg1 recoveries 1727:1736 The obtained relative recoveries 1705:1736 The obtained relative recoveries 1705:1736 The obtained relative recoveries were in the range of 90.6-105.4%, demonstrating elimination of matrix effects which can be attributed to the remarkable affinity of OPPs toward ZNCAHF. 27810103 1 90 theme nanoparticles-decorated 260:282 arg1 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 ZNCAHF 318:323 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27810103 1 90 theme nanoparticles-decorated 260:282 arg1 fibers 310:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers 245:315 novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) 245:324 In this research, novel zirconia nanoparticles-decorated calcium alginate hydrogel fibers (ZNCAHF) were synthesized through a simple, green procedure. 27902233 11 0 theme type 1283:1286 arg1 strain 1288:1293 the type strain 1279:1293 the type strain 1279:1293 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 0 theme type 1283:1286 arg1 kermanensis 1195:1205 the name Promicromonospora kermanensis 1168:1205 the name Promicromonospora kermanensis 1168:1205 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 2 1 theme genus 111:115 arg1 Promicromonospora 117:133 the genus Promicromonospora 107:133 the genus Promicromonospora 107:133 A novel strain belonging to the genus Promicromonospora, designated HM 533T, was isolated from soil in Kerman Province, Iran. 27902233 3 2 theme large 280:284 arg1 number 286:291 a large number 278:291 a large number of irregular-shaped spores 278:318 It produced long and branched hyphae on ISP 2 medium that developed into a large number of irregular-shaped spores. 27902233 10 3 theme sequence 943:950 arg1 identity 952:959 the highest pairwise sequence identity 922:959 the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) 922:973 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 10 3 theme sequence 943:950 arg1 % 972:972 99.5-97.1 % 962:972 99.5-97.1 % 962:972 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 6 4 theme Whole-cell 464:473 arg1 hydrolysates 475:486 Whole-cell hydrolysates 464:486 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T 464:504 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T contained the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose. 27902233 11 5 theme Promicromonospora 1177:1193 arg1 kermanensis 1195:1205 the name Promicromonospora kermanensis 1168:1205 the name Promicromonospora kermanensis 1168:1205 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 5 theme Promicromonospora 1177:1193 arg1 strain 1288:1293 the type strain 1279:1293 the type strain 1279:1293 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 6 theme phenotypic 1033:1042 arg1 features 1058:1065 phenotypic and genotypic features 1033:1065 phenotypic and genotypic features 1033:1065 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 8 7 theme predominant 738:748 arg1 menaquinones 750:761 the predominant menaquinones 734:761 the predominant menaquinones 734:761 MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2) were the predominant menaquinones. 27902233 8 7 theme predominant 738:748 arg1 MK-9 720:723 MK-9 720:723 MK-9 720:723 MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2) were the predominant menaquinones. 27902233 8 7 theme predominant 738:748 arg1 MK-9 707:710 MK-9 707:710 MK-9 707:710 MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2) were the predominant menaquinones. 27902233 11 8 theme genus 1133:1137 arg1 Promicromonospora 1139:1155 the genus Promicromonospora 1129:1155 the genus Promicromonospora 1129:1155 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 9 9 theme fatty 768:772 arg1 acids 774:778 The fatty acids 764:778 The fatty acids pattern 764:786 The fatty acids pattern was mainly composed of the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902233 5 10 theme strain 422:427 arg1 533T 432:435 strain HM 533T 422:435 strain HM 533T 422:435 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T was A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu. 27902233 7 11 theme unknown 685:691 arg1 phospholipid 693:704 an unknown phospholipid 682:704 an unknown phospholipid 682:704 The main phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. 27902233 3 12 theme irregular-shaped 296:311 arg1 spores 313:318 irregular-shaped spores 296:318 irregular-shaped spores 296:318 It produced long and branched hyphae on ISP 2 medium that developed into a large number of irregular-shaped spores. 27902233 2 13 theme HM 147:148 arg1 533T 150:153 HM 533T 147:153 HM 533T 147:153 A novel strain belonging to the genus Promicromonospora, designated HM 533T, was isolated from soil in Kerman Province, Iran. 27902233 9 14 theme acids 774:778 arg1 pattern 780:786 The fatty acids pattern 764:786 The fatty acids pattern 764:786 The fatty acids pattern was mainly composed of the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902233 5 15 theme HM 429:430 arg1 533T 432:435 strain HM 533T 422:435 strain HM 533T 422:435 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T was A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu. 27902233 3 16 theme spores 313:318 arg1 number 286:291 a large number 278:291 a large number of irregular-shaped spores 278:318 It produced long and branched hyphae on ISP 2 medium that developed into a large number of irregular-shaped spores. 27902233 3 17 theme branched 226:233 arg1 hyphae 235:240 long and branched hyphae 217:240 long and branched hyphae 217:240 It produced long and branched hyphae on ISP 2 medium that developed into a large number of irregular-shaped spores. 27902233 4 18 theme optimal 331:337 arg1 growth 339:344 optimal growth 331:344 optimal growth 331:344 It showed optimal growth at 25-30 °C and pH 5.0-8.0 with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902233 11 19 theme 00533T=CECT 1257:1267 arg1 8709T 1269:1273 =DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T 1240:1273 =DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T 1240:1273 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 19 theme 00533T=CECT 1257:1267 arg1 533T 1234:1237 strain HM 533T 1224:1237 strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) 1224:1274 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 5 20 theme 533T 432:435 arg1 type 414:417 The peptidoglycan type 396:417 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T 396:435 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T was A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu. 27902233 5 20 theme 533T 432:435 arg1 l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu 445:461 A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu 441:461 A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu 441:461 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T was A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu. 27902233 0 21 theme kermanensis 18:28 arg1 sp 30:31 Promicromonospora kermanensis sp 0:31 Promicromonospora kermanensis sp. 0:32 Promicromonospora kermanensis sp. 27902233 10 22 theme Promicromonospora 1005:1021 arg1 members 984:990 the members 980:990 the members of the genus Promicromonospora 980:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 11 23 theme strain 1224:1229 arg1 8709T 1269:1273 =DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T 1240:1273 =DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T 1240:1273 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 23 theme strain 1224:1229 arg1 533T 1234:1237 strain HM 533T 1224:1237 strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) 1224:1274 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 10 24 theme 16S 883:885 arg1 rRNA 887:890 The 16S rRNA 879:890 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 879:913 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 7 25 theme main 562:565 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 586:605 phosphatidylglycerol 586:605 phosphatidylglycerol 586:605 The main phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. 27902233 7 25 theme main 562:565 arg1 phospholipids 567:579 The main phospholipids 558:579 The main phospholipids 558:579 The main phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. 27902233 0 26 theme Promicromonospora 0:16 arg1 sp 30:31 Promicromonospora kermanensis sp 0:31 Promicromonospora kermanensis sp. 0:32 Promicromonospora kermanensis sp. 27902233 3 27 theme long 217:220 arg1 hyphae 235:240 long and branched hyphae 217:240 long and branched hyphae 217:240 It produced long and branched hyphae on ISP 2 medium that developed into a large number of irregular-shaped spores. 27902233 11 28 theme HM 1231:1232 arg1 8709T 1269:1273 =DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T 1240:1273 =DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T 1240:1273 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 28 theme HM 1231:1232 arg1 533T 1234:1237 strain HM 533T 1224:1237 strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) 1224:1274 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 1 29 attach isolated 59:66 arg2 actinobacterium 43:57 an actinobacterium 40:57 an actinobacterium isolated from soil 40:76 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from soil. 27902233 1 29 attach isolated 59:66 arg1 soil 73:76 soil 73:76 soil 73:76 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from soil. 27902233 3 30 theme ISP 245:247 arg1 medium 251:256 ISP 2 medium 245:256 ISP 2 medium that developed into a large number of irregular-shaped spores 245:318 It produced long and branched hyphae on ISP 2 medium that developed into a large number of irregular-shaped spores. 27902233 5 31 theme peptidoglycan 400:412 arg1 type 414:417 The peptidoglycan type 396:417 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T 396:435 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T was A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu. 27902233 5 31 theme peptidoglycan 400:412 arg1 l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu 445:461 A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu 441:461 A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu 441:461 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T was A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu. 27902233 2 32 attach isolated 160:167 arg2 strain 87:92 A novel strain 79:92 A novel strain belonging to the genus Promicromonospora 79:133 A novel strain belonging to the genus Promicromonospora, designated HM 533T, was isolated from soil in Kerman Province, Iran. 27902233 2 32 attach isolated 160:167 arg1 soil 174:177 soil 174:177 soil 174:177 A novel strain belonging to the genus Promicromonospora, designated HM 533T, was isolated from soil in Kerman Province, Iran. 27902233 11 33 theme =DSM 1240:1243 arg1 8709T 1269:1273 =DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T 1240:1273 =DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T 1240:1273 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 33 theme =DSM 1240:1243 arg1 533T 1234:1237 strain HM 533T 1224:1237 strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) 1224:1274 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 34 theme novel 1112:1116 arg1 species 1118:1124 a novel species 1110:1124 a novel species 1110:1124 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 1 35 dep actinobacterium 43:57 arg1 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from soil. 27902233 11 36 theme Promicromonospora 1139:1155 arg1 species 1118:1124 a novel species 1110:1124 a novel species 1110:1124 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 6 37 dep sugars 520:525 arg1 galactose 547:555 galactose 547:555 galactose 547:555 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T contained the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose. 27902233 6 37 dep sugars 520:525 arg1 glucose 535:541 glucose 535:541 glucose 535:541 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T contained the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose. 27902233 6 37 dep sugars 520:525 arg1 ribose 527:532 ribose 527:532 ribose 527:532 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T contained the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose. 27902233 11 38 theme genotypic 1048:1056 arg1 features 1058:1065 phenotypic and genotypic features 1033:1065 phenotypic and genotypic features 1033:1065 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 9 39 theme saturated 815:823 arg1 acids 840:844 the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 811:876 the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 811:876 The fatty acids pattern was mainly composed of the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902233 10 40 theme sequence 897:904 arg1 analysis 906:913 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 879:913 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 879:913 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 9 41 dep acids 840:844 arg1 anteiso-C15  846:857 anteiso-C15  846:857 anteiso-C15  846:857 The fatty acids pattern was mainly composed of the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902233 9 42 dep anteiso-C15  846:857 arg1 iso-C15  866:873 iso-C15  866:873 iso-C15  866:873 The fatty acids pattern was mainly composed of the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902233 9 42 dep anteiso-C15  846:857 arg1  0 859:860  0 859:860  0 859:860 The fatty acids pattern was mainly composed of the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902233 9 42 dep anteiso-C15  846:857 arg1  0 875:876  0 875:876  0 875:876 The fatty acids pattern was mainly composed of the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902233 9 43 theme branched-chain 825:838 arg1 acids 840:844 the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 811:876 the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 811:876 The fatty acids pattern was mainly composed of the saturated branched-chain acids anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902233 7 44 theme unknown 658:664 arg1 glycolipids 666:676 two unknown glycolipids 654:676 two unknown glycolipids 654:676 The main phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. 27902233 10 45 theme gene 892:895 arg1 analysis 906:913 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 879:913 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 879:913 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 6 46 theme 533T 501:504 arg1 hydrolysates 475:486 Whole-cell hydrolysates 464:486 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T 464:504 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T contained the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose. 27902233 2 47 theme novel 81:85 arg1 strain 87:92 A novel strain 79:92 A novel strain belonging to the genus Promicromonospora 79:133 A novel strain belonging to the genus Promicromonospora, designated HM 533T, was isolated from soil in Kerman Province, Iran. 27902233 11 48 theme name 1172:1175 arg1 kermanensis 1195:1205 the name Promicromonospora kermanensis 1168:1205 the name Promicromonospora kermanensis 1168:1205 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 48 theme name 1172:1175 arg1 strain 1288:1293 the type strain 1279:1293 the type strain 1279:1293 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 4 49 theme 0-4  378:381 arg1 % 382:382 % 382:382 % 382:382 It showed optimal growth at 25-30 °C and pH 5.0-8.0 with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902233 10 50 theme rRNA 887:890 arg1 analysis 906:913 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 879:913 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 879:913 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 11 51 theme HM 1075:1076 arg1 533T 1078:1081 strain HM 533T 1068:1081 strain HM 533T 1068:1081 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 10 52 theme pairwise 934:941 arg1 identity 952:959 the highest pairwise sequence identity 922:959 the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) 922:973 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 10 52 theme pairwise 934:941 arg1 % 972:972 99.5-97.1 % 962:972 99.5-97.1 % 962:972 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 10 53 theme highest 926:932 arg1 identity 952:959 the highest pairwise sequence identity 922:959 the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) 922:973 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 10 53 theme highest 926:932 arg1 % 972:972 99.5-97.1 % 962:972 99.5-97.1 % 962:972 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 5 54 theme A4α 441:443 arg1 type 414:417 The peptidoglycan type 396:417 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T 396:435 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T was A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu. 27902233 5 54 theme A4α 441:443 arg1 l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu 445:461 A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu 441:461 A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu 441:461 The peptidoglycan type of strain HM 533T was A4α l-Lys-l-Ala-d-Glu. 27902233 4 55 dep % 382:382 arg1 w/v 385:387 w/v 385:387 w/v 385:387 It showed optimal growth at 25-30 °C and pH 5.0-8.0 with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902233 6 56 theme HM 498:499 arg1 533T 501:504 strain HM 533T 491:504 strain HM 533T 491:504 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T contained the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose. 27902233 4 57 theme % 382:382 arg1 NaCl 390:393 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl 378:393 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl 378:393 It showed optimal growth at 25-30 °C and pH 5.0-8.0 with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902233 6 58 contain contained 506:514 arg2 sugars 520:525 the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose 516:555 the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose 516:555 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T contained the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose. 27902233 6 58 contain contained 506:514 arg1 hydrolysates 475:486 Whole-cell hydrolysates 464:486 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T 464:504 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T contained the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose. 27902233 6 59 theme strain 491:496 arg1 533T 501:504 strain HM 533T 491:504 strain HM 533T 491:504 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain HM 533T contained the sugars ribose, glucose and galactose. 27902233 10 60 theme genus 999:1003 arg1 Promicromonospora 1005:1021 the genus Promicromonospora 995:1021 the genus Promicromonospora 995:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest pairwise sequence identity (99.5-97.1 %) with the members of the genus Promicromonospora. 27902233 11 61 theme strain 1068:1073 arg1 533T 1078:1081 strain HM 533T 1068:1081 strain HM 533T 1068:1081 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 62 theme 45485T=UTMC 1245:1255 arg1 8709T 1269:1273 =DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T 1240:1273 =DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T 1240:1273 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 27902233 11 62 theme 45485T=UTMC 1245:1255 arg1 533T 1234:1237 strain HM 533T 1224:1237 strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) 1224:1274 Based on phenotypic and genotypic features, strain HM 533T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora kermanensis is proposed with strain HM 533T (=DSM 45485T=UTMC 00533T=CECT 8709T) as the type strain. 25701851 3 0 theme strain 295:300 arg1 Cells 281:285 Cells 281:285 Cells of this strain 281:300 Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods. 25701851 11 1 theme genus 1232:1236 arg1 Nesterenkonia 1238:1250 the genus Nesterenkonia 1228:1250 the genus Nesterenkonia 1228:1250 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 11 2 theme name 1268:1271 arg1 sp 1294:1295 the name Nesterenkonia populi sp 1264:1295 the name Nesterenkonia populi sp 1264:1295 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 9 3 theme DNA 852:854 arg1 content 860:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content was 67.4 mol%. 25701851 9 3 theme DNA 852:854 arg1 % 880:880 67.4 mol% 872:880 67.4 mol% 872:880 The DNA G+C content was 67.4 mol%. 25701851 4 4 theme w/v 457:459 arg1 NaCl 462:465 5-10% (w/v) NaCl 450:465 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0 450:475 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 11 5 theme study 1174:1178 arg1 evidence 1137:1144 the evidence 1133:1144 the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study 1133:1178 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 10 6 theme rRNA 918:921 arg1 sequence 928:935 16S rRNA gene sequence 914:935 16S rRNA gene sequence 914:935 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 6 7 theme fatty 531:535 arg1 acids 537:541 The major fatty acids 521:541 The major fatty acids (>10%) 521:548 The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25701851 6 7 theme fatty 531:535 arg1 % 547:547 >10% 544:547 >10% 544:547 The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25701851 6 7 theme fatty 531:535 arg1 anteiso-C17 555:565 anteiso-C17 555:565 anteiso-C17 555:565 The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25701851 11 8 theme taxonomic 1164:1172 arg1 study 1174:1178 the polyphasic taxonomic study 1149:1178 the polyphasic taxonomic study 1149:1178 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 3 9 theme non-spore-forming 343:359 arg1 rods 367:370 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods 307:370 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods 307:370 Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods. 25701851 2 10 theme Taklimakan 245:254 arg1 edge 237:240 the southern edge 224:240 the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China 224:278 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain GP10-3(T), was isolated from Populus euphratica collected from the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China. 25701851 6 11 dep anteiso-C17 555:565 arg1 0 602:602 0 602:602 0 602:602 The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25701851 6 11 dep anteiso-C17 555:565 arg1 0 569:569 0 569:569 0 569:569 The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25701851 6 11 dep anteiso-C17 555:565 arg1 iso-C16 592:598 iso-C16 592:598 iso-C16 592:598 The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25701851 6 11 dep anteiso-C17 555:565 arg1 0 586:586 0 586:586 0 586:586 The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25701851 6 12 theme major 525:529 arg1 acids 537:541 The major fatty acids 521:541 The major fatty acids (>10%) 521:548 The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25701851 6 12 theme major 525:529 arg1 % 547:547 >10% 544:547 >10% 544:547 The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25701851 6 12 theme major 525:529 arg1 anteiso-C17 555:565 anteiso-C17 555:565 anteiso-C17 555:565 The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25701851 3 13 theme short 361:365 arg1 rods 367:370 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods 307:370 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods 307:370 Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods. 25701851 11 14 theme polyphasic 1153:1162 arg1 study 1174:1178 the polyphasic taxonomic study 1149:1178 the polyphasic taxonomic study 1149:1178 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 8 15 theme polar 664:668 arg1 lipids 670:675 The polar lipids 660:675 The polar lipids 660:675 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. 25701851 3 16 theme non-motile 328:337 arg1 rods 367:370 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods 307:370 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods 307:370 Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods. 25701851 1 17 theme Populus 64:70 arg1 euphratica 72:81 Populus euphratica 64:81 Populus euphratica 64:81 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Populus euphratica. 25701851 2 18 theme strain 154:159 arg1 T 168:168 T 168:168 T 168:168 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain GP10-3(T), was isolated from Populus euphratica collected from the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China. 25701851 2 18 theme strain 154:159 arg1 GP10-3 161:166 strain GP10-3 154:166 strain GP10-3(T) 154:169 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain GP10-3(T), was isolated from Populus euphratica collected from the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China. 25701851 4 19 from presence 438:445 arg1 pH 470:471 pH 9.0 470:475 pH 9.0 470:475 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 0 20 theme Nesterenkonia 0:12 arg1 populi 14:19 Nesterenkonia populi 0:19 Nesterenkonia populi 0:19 Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 11 21 theme populi 1287:1292 arg1 sp 1294:1295 the name Nesterenkonia populi sp 1264:1295 the name Nesterenkonia populi sp 1264:1295 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 9 22 theme mol 877:879 arg1 content 860:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content was 67.4 mol%. 25701851 9 22 theme mol 877:879 arg1 % 880:880 67.4 mol% 872:880 67.4 mol% 872:880 The DNA G+C content was 67.4 mol%. 25701851 11 23 theme Nesterenkonia 1238:1250 arg1 species 1217:1223 a novel species 1209:1223 a novel species 1209:1223 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 10 24 theme type 1052:1055 arg1 strains 1057:1063 the type strains 1048:1063 the type strains of species within this genus 1048:1092 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 2 25 attach isolated 176:183 arg1 euphratica 198:207 Populus euphratica 190:207 Populus euphratica collected from the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China 190:278 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain GP10-3(T), was isolated from Populus euphratica collected from the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China. 25701851 2 25 attach isolated 176:183 arg2 actinobacterium 126:140 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 84:140 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 84:140 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain GP10-3(T), was isolated from Populus euphratica collected from the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China. 25701851 2 26 theme halophilic 115:124 arg1 actinobacterium 126:140 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 84:140 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 84:140 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain GP10-3(T), was isolated from Populus euphratica collected from the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China. 25701851 10 27 theme sequence 1023:1030 arg1 similarity 1032:1041 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity 1012:1041 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus 1012:1092 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 11 28 theme strain 1181:1186 arg1 T 1195:1195 T 1195:1195 T 1195:1195 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 11 28 theme strain 1181:1186 arg1 GP10-3 1188:1193 strain GP10-3 1181:1193 strain GP10-3(T) 1181:1196 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 2 29 dep Taklimakan 245:254 arg1 desert 256:261 desert 256:261 desert 256:261 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain GP10-3(T), was isolated from Populus euphratica collected from the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China. 25701851 1 30 attach isolated 50:57 arg2 actinobacterium 34:48 an actinobacterium 31:48 an actinobacterium isolated from Populus euphratica 31:81 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Populus euphratica. 25701851 1 30 attach isolated 50:57 arg1 euphratica 72:81 Populus euphratica 64:81 Populus euphratica 64:81 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Populus euphratica. 25701851 4 31 from media 425:429 arg1 presence 438:445 the presence 434:445 the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0 434:475 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 4 32 theme Strain 373:378 arg1 T 387:387 T 387:387 T 387:387 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 4 32 theme Strain 373:378 arg1 GP10-3 380:385 Strain GP10-3 373:385 Strain GP10-3(T) 373:388 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 10 33 theme Phylogenetic 883:894 arg1 analysis 896:903 Phylogenetic analysis 883:903 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence 883:935 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 13 34 theme type 1320:1323 arg1 GP10-3 1335:1340 GP10-3 1335:1340 GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)) 1335:1377 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 13 34 theme type 1320:1323 arg1 strain 1325:1330 The type strain 1316:1330 The type strain 1316:1330 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 10 35 theme 94.6-96.9 1012:1020 arg1 % 1021:1021 % 1021:1021 % 1021:1021 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 4 36 theme LB 417:418 arg1 media 425:429 LB agar media 417:429 LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0 417:475 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 8 37 theme unidentified 821:832 arg1 phospholipid 834:845 an unidentified phospholipid 818:845 an unidentified phospholipid 818:845 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. 25701851 1 38 dep actinobacterium 34:48 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Populus euphratica. 25701851 4 39 from pH 470:471 arg1 presence 438:445 the presence 434:445 the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0 434:475 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 4 39 from pH 470:471 arg1 NaCl 462:465 5-10% (w/v) NaCl 450:465 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0 450:475 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 2 40 theme southern 228:235 arg1 edge 237:240 the southern edge 224:240 the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China 224:278 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain GP10-3(T), was isolated from Populus euphratica collected from the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China. 25701851 13 41 theme T 1359:1359 arg1 T 1375:1375 T 1375:1375 T 1375:1375 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 13 41 theme T 1359:1359 arg1 29119 1369:1373  = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119 1346:1373  = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T) 1346:1376 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 4 42 theme NaCl 462:465 arg1 presence 438:445 the presence 434:445 the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0 434:475 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 13 43 theme DSM 1349:1351 arg1 T 1375:1375 T 1375:1375 T 1375:1375 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 13 43 theme DSM 1349:1351 arg1 29119 1369:1373  = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119 1346:1373  = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T) 1346:1376 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 10 44 theme gene 923:926 arg1 sequence 928:935 16S rRNA gene sequence 914:935 16S rRNA gene sequence 914:935 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 10 45 theme % 1021:1021 arg1 similarity 1032:1041 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity 1012:1041 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus 1012:1092 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 11 46 theme novel 1211:1215 arg1 species 1217:1223 a novel species 1209:1223 a novel species 1209:1223 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 2 47 theme alkaliphilic 87:98 arg1 actinobacterium 126:140 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 84:140 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 84:140 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain GP10-3(T), was isolated from Populus euphratica collected from the southern edge of Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China. 25701851 13 48 dep GP10-3 1335:1340 arg1 T 1375:1375 T 1375:1375 T 1375:1375 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 13 48 dep GP10-3 1335:1340 arg1 29119 1369:1373  = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119 1346:1373  = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T) 1346:1376 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 4 49 theme agar 420:423 arg1 media 425:429 LB agar media 417:429 LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0 417:475 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 13 50 theme  = 1361:1362 arg1 T 1375:1375 T 1375:1375 T 1375:1375 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 13 50 theme  = 1361:1362 arg1 29119 1369:1373  = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119 1346:1373  = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T) 1346:1376 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 10 51 theme genus 982:986 arg1 Nesterenkonia 988:1000 the genus Nesterenkonia 978:1000 the genus Nesterenkonia 978:1000 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 7 52 theme variation 632:640 arg1 L-Lys-L-Glu 647:657 L-Lys-L-Glu 647:657 L-Lys-L-Glu 647:657 The peptidoglycan type was variation A4α, L-Lys-L-Glu. 25701851 7 52 theme variation 632:640 arg1 type 623:626 The peptidoglycan type 605:626 The peptidoglycan type 605:626 The peptidoglycan type was variation A4α, L-Lys-L-Glu. 25701851 7 52 theme variation 632:640 arg1 A4α 642:644 variation A4α 632:644 variation A4α 632:644 The peptidoglycan type was variation A4α, L-Lys-L-Glu. 25701851 13 53 theme KCTC 1364:1367 arg1 T 1375:1375 T 1375:1375 T 1375:1375 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 13 53 theme KCTC 1364:1367 arg1 29119 1369:1373  = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119 1346:1373  = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T) 1346:1376 The type strain is GP10-3(T) ( = DSM 27959(T) = KCTC 29119(T)). 25701851 10 54 theme 16S 914:916 arg1 rRNA 918:921 16S rRNA 914:921 16S rRNA gene sequence 914:935 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 10 55 with similarity 1032:1041 arg1 strains 1057:1063 the type strains 1048:1063 the type strains of species within this genus 1048:1092 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 10 56 theme strain 949:954 arg1 T 963:963 T 963:963 T 963:963 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 10 56 theme strain 949:954 arg1 GP10-3 956:961 strain GP10-3 949:961 strain GP10-3(T) 949:964 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 0 57 dep sp 21:22 arg1 populi 14:19 Nesterenkonia populi 0:19 Nesterenkonia populi 0:19 Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 11 58 theme Nesterenkonia 1273:1285 arg1 sp 1294:1295 the name Nesterenkonia populi sp 1264:1295 the name Nesterenkonia populi sp 1264:1295 Based on the evidence of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain GP10-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia populi sp. 25701851 9 59 theme G+C 856:858 arg1 content 860:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content was 67.4 mol%. 25701851 9 59 theme G+C 856:858 arg1 % 880:880 67.4 mol% 872:880 67.4 mol% 872:880 The DNA G+C content was 67.4 mol%. 25701851 10 60 theme species 1068:1074 arg1 strains 1057:1063 the type strains 1048:1063 the type strains of species within this genus 1048:1092 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 3 61 theme Gram-stain-positive 307:325 arg1 rods 367:370 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods 307:370 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods 307:370 Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming short rods. 25701851 10 62 theme published 1107:1115 arg1 names 1117:1121 validly published names 1099:1121 validly published names 1099:1121 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain GP10-3(T) belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 94.6-96.9% sequence similarity with the type strains of species within this genus with validly published names. 25701851 4 63 theme % 454:454 arg1 NaCl 462:465 5-10% (w/v) NaCl 450:465 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0 450:475 Strain GP10-3(T) grew optimally at 37 °C on LB agar media in the presence of 5-10% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. 25701851 7 64 theme peptidoglycan 609:621 arg1 type 623:626 The peptidoglycan type 605:626 The peptidoglycan type 605:626 The peptidoglycan type was variation A4α, L-Lys-L-Glu. 25701851 7 64 theme peptidoglycan 609:621 arg1 A4α 642:644 variation A4α 632:644 variation A4α 632:644 The peptidoglycan type was variation A4α, L-Lys-L-Glu. 25633309 6 0 theme tissue 1345:1350 arg1 content 1361:1367 tissue collagen content 1345:1367 tissue collagen content 1345:1367 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness occurred despite a decrease in tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, but were accompanied by increases in tissue collagen content. 25633309 3 1 theme mature 667:672 arg1 cartilage 684:692 mature articular cartilage 667:692 mature articular cartilage 667:692 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue was relatively homogeneous, while the stiffness of mature articular cartilage dramatically increased with depth from the articular surface. 25633309 2 2 dep compressed 460:469 arg1 mature 514:519 mature 514:519 mature 514:519 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 2 2 dep compressed 460:469 arg1 immature 482:489 immature 482:489 immature 482:489 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 7 3 with diameter 1557:1564 arg1 age 1571:1573 age 1571:1573 age 1571:1573 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 7 4 from increase 1538:1545 arg1 alignment 1450:1458 collagen fibril alignment 1434:1458 collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity 1434:1513 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 7 4 from increase 1538:1545 arg1 diameter 1557:1564 fibril diameter 1550:1564 fibril diameter with age 1550:1573 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 6 5 from increases 1198:1206 arg1 stiffness 1223:1231 compressive stiffness 1211:1231 compressive stiffness 1211:1231 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness occurred despite a decrease in tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, but were accompanied by increases in tissue collagen content. 25633309 4 6 theme depth-dependent 892:906 arg1 Poisson 908:914 a depth-dependent Poisson 890:914 a depth-dependent Poisson's ratio 890:922 Other, well documented, biomechanical characteristics of the tissue also emerged with skeletal maturity, such as strain-softening and a depth-dependent Poisson's ratio. 25633309 4 7 theme skeletal 842:849 arg1 maturity 851:858 skeletal maturity 842:858 skeletal maturity 842:858 Other, well documented, biomechanical characteristics of the tissue also emerged with skeletal maturity, such as strain-softening and a depth-dependent Poisson's ratio. 25633309 3 8 theme immature 600:607 arg1 tissue 609:614 the immature tissue 596:614 the immature tissue 596:614 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue was relatively homogeneous, while the stiffness of mature articular cartilage dramatically increased with depth from the articular surface. 25633309 8 9 theme compressive 1739:1749 arg1 properties 1762:1771 the final compressive mechanical properties 1729:1771 the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue 1729:1785 Finally, computational modelling was used to demonstrate how both collagen network reorganisation and collagen stiffening play a key role in determining the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 7 10 theme fivefold 1529:1536 arg1 increase 1538:1545 a fivefold increase 1527:1545 a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age 1527:1573 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 1 11 theme tissue 344:349 arg1 properties 326:335 the mechanical properties 311:335 the mechanical properties of the tissue 311:349 While it is well established that the composition and organisation of articular cartilage dramatically change during skeletal maturation, relatively little is known about how this impacts the mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 2 12 theme articular 548:556 arg1 cartilage 558:566 mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage 447:566 mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage 447:566 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 8 13 theme tissue 1780:1785 arg1 properties 1762:1771 the final compressive mechanical properties 1729:1771 the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue 1729:1785 Finally, computational modelling was used to demonstrate how both collagen network reorganisation and collagen stiffening play a key role in determining the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 7 14 from changes 1423:1429 arg1 alignment 1450:1458 collagen fibril alignment 1434:1458 collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity 1434:1513 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 7 14 from changes 1423:1429 arg1 diameter 1557:1564 fibril diameter 1550:1564 fibril diameter with age 1550:1573 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 5 15 theme applied 1108:1114 arg1 strains 1116:1122 low applied strains 1104:1122 low applied strains 1104:1122 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 2 16 dep mature 514:519 arg1 old 535:537 old 535:537 old 535:537 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 7 17 theme collagen 1434:1441 arg1 alignment 1450:1458 collagen fibril alignment 1434:1458 collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity 1434:1513 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 2 18 theme porcine 540:546 arg1 cartilage 558:566 mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage 447:566 mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage 447:566 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 7 19 theme dramatic 1414:1421 arg1 changes 1423:1429 dramatic changes 1414:1429 dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity 1414:1513 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 8 20 theme collagen 1678:1685 arg1 stiffening 1687:1696 collagen stiffening 1678:1696 collagen stiffening 1678:1696 Finally, computational modelling was used to demonstrate how both collagen network reorganisation and collagen stiffening play a key role in determining the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 5 21 from order 1023:1027 arg1 modulus 1066:1072 compressive modulus 1054:1072 compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) 1054:1123 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 5 22 theme compressive 1054:1064 arg1 modulus 1066:1072 compressive modulus 1054:1072 compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) 1054:1123 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 6 23 theme compressive 1211:1221 arg1 stiffness 1223:1231 compressive stiffness 1211:1231 compressive stiffness 1211:1231 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness occurred despite a decrease in tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, but were accompanied by increases in tissue collagen content. 25633309 4 24 theme Other 756:760 arg1 characteristics 794:808 Other, well documented, biomechanical characteristics 756:808 Other, well documented, biomechanical characteristics of the tissue 756:822 Other, well documented, biomechanical characteristics of the tissue also emerged with skeletal maturity, such as strain-softening and a depth-dependent Poisson's ratio. 25633309 5 25 theme increase 1042:1049 arg1 order 1023:1027 an order 1020:1027 an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) 1020:1123 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 3 26 theme articular 674:682 arg1 cartilage 684:692 mature articular cartilage 667:692 mature articular cartilage 667:692 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue was relatively homogeneous, while the stiffness of mature articular cartilage dramatically increased with depth from the articular surface. 25633309 4 27 theme tissue 817:822 arg1 characteristics 794:808 Other, well documented, biomechanical characteristics 756:808 Other, well documented, biomechanical characteristics of the tissue 756:822 Other, well documented, biomechanical characteristics of the tissue also emerged with skeletal maturity, such as strain-softening and a depth-dependent Poisson's ratio. 25633309 2 28 theme image 375:379 arg1 correlation 381:391 digital image correlation 367:391 digital image correlation 367:391 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 5 29 from modulus 1066:1072 arg1 order 1023:1027 an order 1020:1027 an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) 1020:1123 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 3 30 theme cartilage 684:692 arg1 stiffness 654:662 the stiffness 650:662 the stiffness of mature articular cartilage 650:692 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue was relatively homogeneous, while the stiffness of mature articular cartilage dramatically increased with depth from the articular surface. 25633309 8 31 used used 1613:1616 arg2 modelling 1599:1607 computational modelling 1585:1607 computational modelling 1585:1607 Finally, computational modelling was used to demonstrate how both collagen network reorganisation and collagen stiffening play a key role in determining the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 7 32 theme fibril 1443:1448 arg1 alignment 1450:1458 collagen fibril alignment 1434:1458 collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity 1434:1513 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 2 33 theme digital 367:373 arg1 correlation 381:391 digital image correlation 367:391 digital image correlation 367:391 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 0 34 theme Postnatal 0:8 arg1 changes 10:16 Postnatal changes 0:16 Postnatal changes to the mechanical properties of articular cartilage 0:68 Postnatal changes to the mechanical properties of articular cartilage are driven by the evolution of its collagen network. 25633309 6 35 theme temporal 1189:1196 arg1 increases 1198:1206 These temporal increases 1183:1206 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness 1183:1231 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness occurred despite a decrease in tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, but were accompanied by increases in tissue collagen content. 25633309 7 36 theme helium 1383:1388 arg1 microscopy 1394:1403 helium ion microscopy 1383:1403 helium ion microscopy 1383:1403 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 7 37 theme tissue 1485:1490 arg1 depth 1472:1476 the depth 1468:1476 the depth of the tissue 1468:1490 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 8 38 theme computational 1585:1597 arg1 modelling 1599:1607 computational modelling 1585:1607 computational modelling 1585:1607 Finally, computational modelling was used to demonstrate how both collagen network reorganisation and collagen stiffening play a key role in determining the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 2 39 theme spatial 420:426 arg1 deformation 428:438 spatial deformation 420:438 spatial deformation 420:438 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 5 40 dep 9.4 MPa 1092:1098 arg1 0.97 MPa 1080:1087 0.97 MPa 1080:1087 0.97 MPa 1080:1087 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 0 41 theme network 114:120 arg1 evolution 88:96 the evolution 84:96 the evolution of its collagen network 84:120 Postnatal changes to the mechanical properties of articular cartilage are driven by the evolution of its collagen network. 25633309 8 42 theme mechanical 1751:1760 arg1 properties 1762:1771 the final compressive mechanical properties 1729:1771 the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue 1729:1785 Finally, computational modelling was used to demonstrate how both collagen network reorganisation and collagen stiffening play a key role in determining the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 0 43 theme collagen 105:112 arg1 network 114:120 its collagen network 101:120 its collagen network 101:120 Postnatal changes to the mechanical properties of articular cartilage are driven by the evolution of its collagen network. 25633309 3 44 theme tissue 609:614 arg1 homogeneous 631:641 homogeneous 631:641 homogeneous 631:641 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue was relatively homogeneous, while the stiffness of mature articular cartilage dramatically increased with depth from the articular surface. 25633309 3 44 theme tissue 609:614 arg1 modulus 585:591 The compressive modulus 569:591 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue 569:614 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue was relatively homogeneous, while the stiffness of mature articular cartilage dramatically increased with depth from the articular surface. 25633309 5 45 theme significant 934:944 arg1 changes 946:952 The most significant changes 925:952 The most significant changes that occurred with age 925:975 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 8 46 theme key 1705:1707 arg1 role 1709:1712 a key role 1703:1712 a key role 1703:1712 Finally, computational modelling was used to demonstrate how both collagen network reorganisation and collagen stiffening play a key role in determining the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 9 47 theme articular 1883:1891 arg1 cartilage 1893:1901 articular cartilage 1883:1901 articular cartilage 1883:1901 Together these findings provide a unique insight into evolving structure-function relations in articular cartilage. 25633309 5 48 theme deep 989:992 arg1 zone 994:997 the deep zone 985:997 the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity 985:1180 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 1 49 theme articular 193:201 arg1 cartilage 203:211 articular cartilage 193:211 articular cartilage 193:211 While it is well established that the composition and organisation of articular cartilage dramatically change during skeletal maturation, relatively little is known about how this impacts the mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 0 50 theme mechanical 25:34 arg1 properties 36:45 the mechanical properties 21:45 the mechanical properties of articular cartilage 21:68 Postnatal changes to the mechanical properties of articular cartilage are driven by the evolution of its collagen network. 25633309 6 51 theme collagen 1352:1359 arg1 content 1361:1367 tissue collagen content 1345:1367 tissue collagen content 1345:1367 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness occurred despite a decrease in tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, but were accompanied by increases in tissue collagen content. 25633309 6 52 theme glycosaminoglycan 1281:1297 arg1 content 1299:1305 tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 1264:1305 tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 1264:1305 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness occurred despite a decrease in tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, but were accompanied by increases in tissue collagen content. 25633309 5 53 theme magnitude 1032:1040 arg1 increase 1042:1049 magnitude increase 1032:1049 magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) 1032:1123 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 1 54 theme cartilage 203:211 arg1 composition 161:171 composition 161:171 composition 161:171 While it is well established that the composition and organisation of articular cartilage dramatically change during skeletal maturation, relatively little is known about how this impacts the mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 1 54 theme cartilage 203:211 arg1 organisation 177:188 organisation 177:188 organisation 177:188 While it is well established that the composition and organisation of articular cartilage dramatically change during skeletal maturation, relatively little is known about how this impacts the mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 2 55 theme compressed 460:469 arg1 cartilage 558:566 mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage 447:566 mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage 447:566 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 5 56 theme low 1104:1106 arg1 strains 1116:1122 low applied strains 1104:1122 low applied strains 1104:1122 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 6 57 theme sulphated 1271:1279 arg1 content 1299:1305 tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 1264:1305 tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 1264:1305 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness occurred despite a decrease in tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, but were accompanied by increases in tissue collagen content. 25633309 0 58 theme cartilage 60:68 arg1 properties 36:45 the mechanical properties 21:45 the mechanical properties of articular cartilage 21:68 Postnatal changes to the mechanical properties of articular cartilage are driven by the evolution of its collagen network. 25633309 6 59 from increases 1332:1340 arg1 content 1361:1367 tissue collagen content 1345:1367 tissue collagen content 1345:1367 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness occurred despite a decrease in tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, but were accompanied by increases in tissue collagen content. 25633309 6 60 from decrease 1252:1259 arg1 content 1299:1305 tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 1264:1305 tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 1264:1305 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness occurred despite a decrease in tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, but were accompanied by increases in tissue collagen content. 25633309 9 61 theme unique 1822:1827 arg1 insight 1829:1835 a unique insight 1820:1835 a unique insight into evolving structure-function relations in articular cartilage 1820:1901 Together these findings provide a unique insight into evolving structure-function relations in articular cartilage. 25633309 3 62 theme articular 737:745 arg1 surface 747:753 the articular surface 733:753 the articular surface 733:753 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue was relatively homogeneous, while the stiffness of mature articular cartilage dramatically increased with depth from the articular surface. 25633309 6 63 theme tissue 1264:1269 arg1 content 1299:1305 tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 1264:1305 tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content 1264:1305 These temporal increases in compressive stiffness occurred despite a decrease in tissue sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, but were accompanied by increases in tissue collagen content. 25633309 5 64 theme tissue 1006:1011 arg1 zone 994:997 the deep zone 985:997 the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity 985:1180 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 2 65 used used 403:406 arg2 correlation 381:391 digital image correlation 367:391 digital image correlation 367:391 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 2 66 dep immature 482:489 arg1 old 505:507 old 505:507 old 505:507 In this study, digital image correlation was first used to quantify spatial deformation within mechanically compressed skeletally immature (4 and 8 week old) and mature (1 and 3 year old) porcine articular cartilage. 25633309 1 67 theme mechanical 315:324 arg1 properties 326:335 the mechanical properties 311:335 the mechanical properties of the tissue 311:349 While it is well established that the composition and organisation of articular cartilage dramatically change during skeletal maturation, relatively little is known about how this impacts the mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 5 68 theme postnatal 1151:1159 arg1 weeks 1145:1149 4 weeks postnatal 1143:1159 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity 1143:1180 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 7 69 theme ion 1390:1392 arg1 microscopy 1394:1403 helium ion microscopy 1383:1403 helium ion microscopy 1383:1403 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 5 70 theme skeletal 1164:1171 arg1 maturity 1173:1180 skeletal maturity 1164:1180 skeletal maturity 1164:1180 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 8 71 theme final 1733:1737 arg1 properties 1762:1771 the final compressive mechanical properties 1729:1771 the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue 1729:1785 Finally, computational modelling was used to demonstrate how both collagen network reorganisation and collagen stiffening play a key role in determining the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 5 72 from increase 1042:1049 arg1 modulus 1066:1072 compressive modulus 1054:1072 compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) 1054:1123 The most significant changes that occurred with age were in the deep zone of the tissue, where an order of magnitude increase in compressive modulus (from 0.97 MPa to 9.4 MPa for low applied strains) was observed from 4 weeks postnatal to skeletal maturity. 25633309 8 73 theme network 1651:1657 arg1 reorganisation 1659:1672 collagen network reorganisation 1642:1672 collagen network reorganisation 1642:1672 Finally, computational modelling was used to demonstrate how both collagen network reorganisation and collagen stiffening play a key role in determining the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 8 74 theme collagen 1642:1649 arg1 reorganisation 1659:1672 collagen network reorganisation 1642:1672 collagen network reorganisation 1642:1672 Finally, computational modelling was used to demonstrate how both collagen network reorganisation and collagen stiffening play a key role in determining the final compressive mechanical properties of the tissue. 25633309 4 75 dep Other 756:760 arg1 documented 768:777 documented 768:777 documented 768:777 Other, well documented, biomechanical characteristics of the tissue also emerged with skeletal maturity, such as strain-softening and a depth-dependent Poisson's ratio. 25633309 4 75 dep Other 756:760 arg1 biomechanical 780:792 biomechanical 780:792 biomechanical 780:792 Other, well documented, biomechanical characteristics of the tissue also emerged with skeletal maturity, such as strain-softening and a depth-dependent Poisson's ratio. 25633309 9 76 theme structure-function 1851:1868 arg1 relations 1870:1878 structure-function relations 1851:1878 structure-function relations 1851:1878 Together these findings provide a unique insight into evolving structure-function relations in articular cartilage. 25633309 0 77 theme articular 50:58 arg1 cartilage 60:68 articular cartilage 50:68 articular cartilage 50:68 Postnatal changes to the mechanical properties of articular cartilage are driven by the evolution of its collagen network. 25633309 3 78 theme compressive 573:583 arg1 homogeneous 631:641 homogeneous 631:641 homogeneous 631:641 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue was relatively homogeneous, while the stiffness of mature articular cartilage dramatically increased with depth from the articular surface. 25633309 3 78 theme compressive 573:583 arg1 modulus 585:591 The compressive modulus 569:591 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue 569:614 The compressive modulus of the immature tissue was relatively homogeneous, while the stiffness of mature articular cartilage dramatically increased with depth from the articular surface. 25633309 7 79 theme skeletal 1497:1504 arg1 maturity 1506:1513 skeletal maturity 1497:1513 skeletal maturity 1497:1513 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 7 80 theme fibril 1550:1555 arg1 diameter 1557:1564 fibril diameter 1550:1564 fibril diameter with age 1550:1573 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 7 81 with alignment 1450:1458 arg1 maturity 1506:1513 skeletal maturity 1497:1513 skeletal maturity 1497:1513 Furthermore, helium ion microscopy revealed dramatic changes in collagen fibril alignment through the depth of the tissue with skeletal maturity, as well as a fivefold increase in fibril diameter with age. 25633309 1 82 theme skeletal 240:247 arg1 maturation 249:258 skeletal maturation 240:258 skeletal maturation 240:258 While it is well established that the composition and organisation of articular cartilage dramatically change during skeletal maturation, relatively little is known about how this impacts the mechanical properties of the tissue. 25092545 9 0 theme various 1907:1913 arg1 formulations 1924:1935 the various hydrogel formulations 1903:1935 the various hydrogel formulations 1903:1935 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 4 1 theme hydrogel 912:919 arg1 scaffolds 921:929 hydrogel scaffolds 912:929 hydrogel scaffolds 912:929 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 7 2 theme 1.5 1429:1431 arg1 % 1433:1433 % 1433:1433 % 1433:1433 The ECM elaboration in the 1.5 % constructs was more homogeneously distributed compared to primarily pericellular localization in 3.5 % gels. 25092545 10 3 theme NP-like 2120:2126 arg1 assembly 2132:2139 greater NP-like ECM assembly 2112:2139 greater NP-like ECM assembly 2112:2139 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 8 4 theme earlier 1649:1655 arg1 points 1662:1667 earlier time points 1649:1667 earlier time points 1649:1667 The 1.5 % gels also displayed significant improvements in mechanical functionality by day 42 compared to earlier time points, which was not seen in the other groups. 25092545 3 5 theme chondrogenic 584:595 arg1 ECM 628:630 ECM 628:630 ECM 628:630 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 3 5 theme chondrogenic 584:595 arg1 matrix 620:625 chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix 584:625 chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 584:686 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 8 6 theme other 1696:1700 arg1 groups 1702:1707 the other groups 1692:1707 the other groups 1692:1707 The 1.5 % gels also displayed significant improvements in mechanical functionality by day 42 compared to earlier time points, which was not seen in the other groups. 25092545 9 7 from differences 1826:1836 arg1 properties 1884:1893 diffusive properties 1874:1893 diffusive properties 1874:1893 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 9 7 from differences 1826:1836 arg1 density 1862:1868 polymer crosslinking density 1841:1868 polymer crosslinking density 1841:1868 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 10 8 theme mechanical 2160:2169 arg1 properties 2171:2180 mechanical properties 2160:2180 mechanical properties 2160:2180 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 8 9 from improvements 1586:1597 arg1 functionality 1613:1625 mechanical functionality 1602:1625 mechanical functionality 1602:1625 The 1.5 % gels also displayed significant improvements in mechanical functionality by day 42 compared to earlier time points, which was not seen in the other groups. 25092545 4 10 theme bulk 882:885 arg1 properties 898:907 the bulk mechanical properties 878:907 the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds 878:929 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 7 11 theme ECM 1406:1408 arg1 elaboration 1410:1420 The ECM elaboration 1402:1420 The ECM elaboration in the 1.5 % constructs 1402:1444 The ECM elaboration in the 1.5 % constructs was more homogeneously distributed compared to primarily pericellular localization in 3.5 % gels. 25092545 4 12 theme scaffolds 921:929 arg1 properties 898:907 the bulk mechanical properties 878:907 the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds 878:929 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 4 12 theme scaffolds 921:929 arg1 patterns 981:988 cellular behavior and differentiation patterns 943:988 cellular behavior and differentiation patterns 943:988 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 10 13 theme CMC 2011:2013 arg1 hydrogels 2015:2023 CMC hydrogels 2011:2023 CMC hydrogels 2011:2023 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 6 14 theme expression 1253:1262 arg1 levels 1264:1269 the highest gene expression levels 1236:1269 the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II 1236:1297 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 3 15 theme matrix 620:625 arg1 elaboration 633:643 chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration 584:643 chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 584:686 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 4 16 theme cellular 943:950 arg1 behavior 952:959 cellular behavior 943:959 cellular behavior 943:959 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 6 17 theme largest 1332:1338 arg1 accumulation 1340:1351 the largest accumulation 1328:1351 the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42 1328:1399 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 5 18 from influence 1039:1047 arg1 properties 1131:1140 bulk hydrogel properties 1117:1140 bulk hydrogel properties 1117:1140 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 5 18 from influence 1039:1047 arg1 elaboration 1161:1171 NP-like matrix elaboration 1146:1171 NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs 1146:1180 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 1 19 theme several 234:240 arg1 dehydration 289:299 dehydration 289:299 dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) 289:328 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 1 19 theme several 234:240 arg1 changes 259:265 several pathophysiologic changes 234:265 several pathophysiologic changes 234:265 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 10 20 theme ECM 2128:2130 arg1 assembly 2132:2139 greater NP-like ECM assembly 2112:2139 greater NP-like ECM assembly 2112:2139 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 6 21 theme gene 1248:1251 arg1 levels 1264:1269 the highest gene expression levels 1236:1269 the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II 1236:1297 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 10 22 theme hMSC 2036:2039 arg1 such 2061:2064 such 2061:2064 such 2061:2064 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 10 22 theme hMSC 2036:2039 arg1 elaboration 2048:2058 hMSC matrix elaboration 2036:2058 hMSC matrix elaboration 2036:2058 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 9 23 theme quantifiable 1813:1824 arg1 differences 1826:1836 quantifiable differences 1813:1836 quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations 1813:1935 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 5 24 theme concentration 1065:1077 arg1 influence 1039:1047 the influence 1035:1047 the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs 1035:1180 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 0 25 from concentration 108:120 arg1 hydrogels 165:173 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels 125:173 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels 125:173 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 6 26 theme % 1224:1224 arg1 concentration 1203:1215 The lowest macromer concentration 1183:1215 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % 1183:1224 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 6 27 theme macromer 1194:1201 arg1 concentration 1203:1215 The lowest macromer concentration 1183:1215 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % 1183:1224 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 3 28 dep chondrogenic 584:595 arg1 NP-like 598:604 NP-like 598:604 NP-like 598:604 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 9 29 theme concentration 1734:1746 arg1 effects 1714:1720 The effects 1710:1720 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization 1710:1786 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 0 30 theme stromal 70:76 arg1 cells 78:82 human mesenchymal stromal cells 52:82 human mesenchymal stromal cells 52:82 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 5 31 theme hydrogel 1122:1129 arg1 properties 1131:1140 bulk hydrogel properties 1117:1140 bulk hydrogel properties 1117:1140 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 3 32 theme human 648:652 arg1 hMSCs 681:685 hMSCs 681:685 hMSCs 681:685 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 3 32 theme human 648:652 arg1 cells 674:678 human mesenchymal stromal cells 648:678 human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 648:686 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 1 33 theme disc 191:194 arg1 degeneration 202:213 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 176:213 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 176:213 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 9 34 from effects 1714:1720 arg1 organization 1775:1786 organization 1775:1786 organization 1775:1786 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 9 34 from effects 1714:1720 arg1 accumulation 1758:1769 matrix accumulation 1751:1769 matrix accumulation 1751:1769 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 9 35 theme matrix 1751:1756 arg1 accumulation 1758:1769 matrix accumulation 1751:1769 matrix accumulation 1751:1769 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 10 36 theme polymer 2079:2085 arg1 concentration 2087:2099 a lower polymer concentration 2071:2099 a lower polymer concentration 2071:2099 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 1 37 theme IVD 197:199 arg1 degeneration 202:213 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 176:213 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 176:213 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 3 38 theme stromal 666:672 arg1 hMSCs 681:685 hMSCs 681:685 hMSCs 681:685 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 3 38 theme stromal 666:672 arg1 cells 674:678 human mesenchymal stromal cells 648:678 human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 648:686 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 7 39 theme % 1433:1433 arg1 constructs 1435:1444 the 1.5 % constructs 1425:1444 the 1.5 % constructs 1425:1444 The ECM elaboration in the 1.5 % constructs was more homogeneously distributed compared to primarily pericellular localization in 3.5 % gels. 25092545 5 40 theme study 1013:1017 arg1 objective 995:1003 The objective 991:1003 The objective of this study 991:1017 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 2 41 theme mechanical 404:413 arg1 function 415:422 both biological and mechanical function 384:422 both biological and mechanical function of the IVD 384:433 Tissue engineering strategies may be used to restore both biological and mechanical function of the IVD following removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention. 25092545 0 42 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 assembly 40:47 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly 0:47 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells 0:82 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 1 43 theme nucleus 308:314 arg1 NP 326:327 NP 326:327 NP 326:327 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 1 43 theme nucleus 308:314 arg1 pulposus 316:323 the nucleus pulposus 304:323 the nucleus pulposus (NP) 304:328 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 2 44 theme NP 456:457 arg1 tissue 459:464 NP tissue 456:464 NP tissue during surgical intervention 456:493 Tissue engineering strategies may be used to restore both biological and mechanical function of the IVD following removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention. 25092545 8 45 theme 1.5 1548:1550 arg1 % 1552:1552 % 1552:1552 % 1552:1552 The 1.5 % gels also displayed significant improvements in mechanical functionality by day 42 compared to earlier time points, which was not seen in the other groups. 25092545 2 46 used used 368:371 arg2 strategies 350:359 Tissue engineering strategies 331:359 Tissue engineering strategies 331:359 Tissue engineering strategies may be used to restore both biological and mechanical function of the IVD following removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention. 25092545 0 47 theme pulposus-like 19:31 arg1 assembly 40:47 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly 0:47 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells 0:82 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 4 48 theme crosslinking 842:853 arg1 composition 829:839 composition 829:839 composition 829:839 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 4 48 theme crosslinking 842:853 arg1 density 855:861 crosslinking density 842:861 crosslinking density 842:861 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 2 49 theme IVD 431:433 arg1 function 415:422 both biological and mechanical function 384:422 both biological and mechanical function of the IVD 384:433 Tissue engineering strategies may be used to restore both biological and mechanical function of the IVD following removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention. 25092545 5 50 theme matrix 1154:1159 arg1 elaboration 1161:1171 NP-like matrix elaboration 1146:1171 NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs 1146:1180 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 7 51 theme % 1536:1536 arg1 gels 1538:1541 3.5 % gels 1532:1541 3.5 % gels 1532:1541 The ECM elaboration in the 1.5 % constructs was more homogeneously distributed compared to primarily pericellular localization in 3.5 % gels. 25092545 9 52 theme crosslinking 1849:1860 arg1 density 1862:1868 polymer crosslinking density 1841:1868 polymer crosslinking density 1841:1868 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 3 53 theme carboxymethylcellulose 523:544 arg1 hydrogels 552:560 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels 506:560 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels 506:560 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 0 54 theme human 52:56 arg1 cells 78:82 human mesenchymal stromal cells 52:82 human mesenchymal stromal cells 52:82 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 5 55 theme macromer 1056:1063 arg1 concentration 1065:1077 CMC macromer concentration 1052:1077 CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) 1052:1112 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 5 55 theme macromer 1056:1063 arg1 weight/volume 1099:1111 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume 1080:1111 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume 1080:1111 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 10 56 theme greater 2112:2118 arg1 assembly 2132:2139 greater NP-like ECM assembly 2112:2139 greater NP-like ECM assembly 2112:2139 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 8 57 theme time 1657:1660 arg1 points 1662:1667 earlier time points 1649:1667 earlier time points 1649:1667 The 1.5 % gels also displayed significant improvements in mechanical functionality by day 42 compared to earlier time points, which was not seen in the other groups. 25092545 7 58 theme pericellular 1503:1514 arg1 localization 1516:1527 primarily pericellular localization 1493:1527 primarily pericellular localization in 3.5 % gels 1493:1541 The ECM elaboration in the 1.5 % constructs was more homogeneously distributed compared to primarily pericellular localization in 3.5 % gels. 25092545 8 59 theme mechanical 1602:1611 arg1 functionality 1613:1625 mechanical functionality 1602:1625 mechanical functionality 1602:1625 The 1.5 % gels also displayed significant improvements in mechanical functionality by day 42 compared to earlier time points, which was not seen in the other groups. 25092545 2 60 theme biological 389:398 arg1 function 415:422 both biological and mechanical function 384:422 both biological and mechanical function of the IVD 384:433 Tissue engineering strategies may be used to restore both biological and mechanical function of the IVD following removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention. 25092545 1 61 theme IVD 274:276 arg1 dehydration 289:299 dehydration 289:299 dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) 289:328 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 1 61 theme IVD 274:276 arg1 changes 259:265 several pathophysiologic changes 234:265 several pathophysiologic changes 234:265 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 7 62 from localization 1516:1527 arg1 gels 1538:1541 3.5 % gels 1532:1541 3.5 % gels 1532:1541 The ECM elaboration in the 1.5 % constructs was more homogeneously distributed compared to primarily pericellular localization in 3.5 % gels. 25092545 3 63 theme mechanical 728:737 arg1 properties 739:748 mechanical properties 728:748 mechanical properties of these constructs 728:768 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 4 64 theme mechanical 887:896 arg1 properties 898:907 the bulk mechanical properties 878:907 the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds 878:929 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 9 65 theme hydrogel 1915:1922 arg1 formulations 1924:1935 the various hydrogel formulations 1903:1935 the various hydrogel formulations 1903:1935 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 6 66 theme collagen 1287:1294 arg1 levels 1264:1269 the highest gene expression levels 1236:1269 the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II 1236:1297 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 2 67 theme engineering 338:348 arg1 strategies 350:359 Tissue engineering strategies 331:359 Tissue engineering strategies 331:359 Tissue engineering strategies may be used to restore both biological and mechanical function of the IVD following removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention. 25092545 6 68 theme lowest 1187:1192 arg1 concentration 1203:1215 The lowest macromer concentration 1183:1215 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % 1183:1224 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 10 69 theme properties 2171:2180 arg1 improvement 2145:2155 improvement 2145:2155 improvement of mechanical properties over time 2145:2190 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 10 69 theme properties 2171:2180 arg1 assembly 2132:2139 greater NP-like ECM assembly 2112:2139 greater NP-like ECM assembly 2112:2139 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 3 70 theme constructs 759:768 arg1 properties 739:748 mechanical properties 728:748 mechanical properties of these constructs 728:768 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 6 71 theme aggrecan 1274:1281 arg1 levels 1264:1269 the highest gene expression levels 1236:1269 the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II 1236:1297 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 4 72 dep composition 829:839 arg1 i.e. 823:826 i.e. 823:826 i.e. 823:826 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 3 73 theme extracellular 606:618 arg1 ECM 628:630 ECM 628:630 ECM 628:630 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 3 73 theme extracellular 606:618 arg1 matrix 620:625 chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix 584:625 chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 584:686 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 3 74 theme native 784:789 arg1 values 791:796 native values 784:796 native values 784:796 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 0 75 theme carboxymethylcellulose 142:163 arg1 hydrogels 165:173 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels 125:173 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels 125:173 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 2 76 theme Tissue 331:336 arg1 strategies 350:359 Tissue engineering strategies 331:359 Tissue engineering strategies 331:359 Tissue engineering strategies may be used to restore both biological and mechanical function of the IVD following removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention. 25092545 10 77 theme macromer 1985:1992 arg1 concentration 1994:2006 macromer concentration 1985:2006 macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels 1985:2023 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 1 78 theme pathophysiologic 242:257 arg1 dehydration 289:299 dehydration 289:299 dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) 289:328 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 1 78 theme pathophysiologic 242:257 arg1 changes 259:265 several pathophysiologic changes 234:265 several pathophysiologic changes 234:265 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 4 79 theme behavior 952:959 arg1 patterns 981:988 cellular behavior and differentiation patterns 943:988 cellular behavior and differentiation patterns 943:988 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 6 80 theme highest 1240:1246 arg1 levels 1264:1269 the highest gene expression levels 1236:1269 the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II 1236:1297 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 6 81 theme collagen 1379:1386 arg1 accumulation 1340:1351 the largest accumulation 1328:1351 the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42 1328:1399 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 5 82 theme % 1097:1097 arg1 weight/volume 1099:1111 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume 1080:1111 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume 1080:1111 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 5 82 theme % 1097:1097 arg1 concentration 1065:1077 CMC macromer concentration 1052:1077 CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) 1052:1112 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 3 83 link photocrosslinked 506:521 arg1 carboxymethylcellulose 523:544 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose 506:544 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels 506:560 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 3 83 link photocrosslinked 506:521 arg1 CMC 547:549 CMC 547:549 CMC 547:549 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 10 84 theme hydrogels 2015:2023 arg1 concentration 1994:2006 macromer concentration 1985:2006 macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels 1985:2023 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 3 85 theme mesenchymal 654:664 arg1 hMSCs 681:685 hMSCs 681:685 hMSCs 681:685 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 3 85 theme mesenchymal 654:664 arg1 cells 674:678 human mesenchymal stromal cells 648:678 human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 648:686 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 9 86 theme macromer 1725:1732 arg1 concentration 1734:1746 macromer concentration 1725:1746 macromer concentration 1725:1746 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 10 87 dep such 2061:2064 arg1 allows 2101:2106 allows 2101:2106 allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time 2101:2190 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 1 88 theme Intervertebral 176:189 arg1 degeneration 202:213 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 176:213 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration 176:213 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 7 89 from elaboration 1410:1420 arg1 constructs 1435:1444 the 1.5 % constructs 1425:1444 the 1.5 % constructs 1425:1444 The ECM elaboration in the 1.5 % constructs was more homogeneously distributed compared to primarily pericellular localization in 3.5 % gels. 25092545 10 90 theme matrix 2041:2046 arg1 such 2061:2064 such 2061:2064 such 2061:2064 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 10 90 theme matrix 2041:2046 arg1 elaboration 2048:2058 hMSC matrix elaboration 2036:2058 hMSC matrix elaboration 2036:2058 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 0 91 theme photocrosslinked 125:140 arg1 hydrogels 165:173 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels 125:173 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels 125:173 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 10 92 theme lower 2073:2077 arg1 concentration 2087:2099 a lower polymer concentration 2071:2099 a lower polymer concentration 2071:2099 Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time. 25092545 0 93 theme macromer 99:106 arg1 concentration 108:120 macromer concentration 99:120 macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels 99:173 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 5 94 theme NP-like 1146:1152 arg1 elaboration 1161:1171 NP-like matrix elaboration 1146:1171 NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs 1146:1180 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 4 95 theme differentiation 965:979 arg1 patterns 981:988 cellular behavior and differentiation patterns 943:988 cellular behavior and differentiation patterns 943:988 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 6 96 theme glycosaminoglycans 1356:1373 arg1 accumulation 1340:1351 the largest accumulation 1328:1351 the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42 1328:1399 The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5 % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. 25092545 4 97 theme Fabrication 799:809 arg1 parameters 811:820 Fabrication parameters 799:820 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) 799:862 Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. 25092545 0 98 theme nucleus 11:17 arg1 assembly 40:47 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly 0:47 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells 0:82 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 5 99 theme bulk 1117:1120 arg1 properties 1131:1140 bulk hydrogel properties 1117:1140 bulk hydrogel properties 1117:1140 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 0 100 link photocrosslinked 125:140 arg1 hydrogels 165:173 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels 125:173 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels 125:173 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 2 101 theme tissue 459:464 arg1 removal 445:451 removal 445:451 removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention 445:493 Tissue engineering strategies may be used to restore both biological and mechanical function of the IVD following removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention. 25092545 8 102 theme % 1552:1552 arg1 gels 1554:1557 The 1.5 % gels 1544:1557 The 1.5 % gels 1544:1557 The 1.5 % gels also displayed significant improvements in mechanical functionality by day 42 compared to earlier time points, which was not seen in the other groups. 25092545 0 103 theme matrix 33:38 arg1 assembly 40:47 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly 0:47 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells 0:82 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 1 104 theme pulposus 316:323 arg1 dehydration 289:299 dehydration 289:299 dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) 289:328 Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the IVD, including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). 25092545 9 105 theme polymer 1841:1847 arg1 density 1862:1868 polymer crosslinking density 1841:1868 polymer crosslinking density 1841:1868 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 8 106 theme significant 1574:1584 arg1 improvements 1586:1597 significant improvements 1574:1597 significant improvements in mechanical functionality 1574:1625 The 1.5 % gels also displayed significant improvements in mechanical functionality by day 42 compared to earlier time points, which was not seen in the other groups. 25092545 0 107 theme mesenchymal 58:68 arg1 cells 78:82 human mesenchymal stromal cells 52:82 human mesenchymal stromal cells 52:82 Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by human mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. 25092545 5 108 theme CMC 1052:1054 arg1 concentration 1065:1077 CMC macromer concentration 1052:1077 CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) 1052:1112 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 5 108 theme CMC 1052:1054 arg1 weight/volume 1099:1111 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume 1080:1111 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume 1080:1111 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. 25092545 2 109 theme surgical 473:480 arg1 intervention 482:493 surgical intervention 473:493 surgical intervention 473:493 Tissue engineering strategies may be used to restore both biological and mechanical function of the IVD following removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention. 25092545 7 110 theme 3.5 1532:1534 arg1 % 1536:1536 % 1536:1536 % 1536:1536 The ECM elaboration in the 1.5 % constructs was more homogeneously distributed compared to primarily pericellular localization in 3.5 % gels. 25092545 9 111 theme diffusive 1874:1882 arg1 properties 1884:1893 diffusive properties 1874:1893 diffusive properties 1874:1893 The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. 25092545 3 112 theme photocrosslinked 506:521 arg1 carboxymethylcellulose 523:544 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose 506:544 photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels 506:560 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 25092545 3 112 theme photocrosslinked 506:521 arg1 CMC 547:549 CMC 547:549 CMC 547:549 Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with TGF-β3; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. 28167670 6 0 theme gtr-dependent 932:944 arg1 glucosylation 946:958 gtr-dependent glucosylation 932:958 gtr-dependent glucosylation 932:958 Full chemical analysis of the O-antigens of these strains identified gtr-dependent glucosylation and acetylation. 28167670 12 1 theme lipopolysaccharide 1894:1911 arg1 vaccines 1923:1930 broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines 1869:1930 broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines 1869:1930 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 10 2 theme evasion 1442:1448 arg1 variation 1415:1423 phase variation 1409:1423 phase variation 1409:1423 Acetylation did not affect serum survival, but phase variation can be an immune evasion mechanism, and thus, this modification may contribute to persistence in a host. 28167670 10 2 theme evasion 1442:1448 arg1 mechanism 1450:1458 an immune evasion mechanism 1432:1458 an immune evasion mechanism 1432:1458 Acetylation did not affect serum survival, but phase variation can be an immune evasion mechanism, and thus, this modification may contribute to persistence in a host. 28167670 8 3 theme gtr 1222:1224 arg1 operon 1226:1231 this glucosylating gtr operon 1203:1231 this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population 1203:1257 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence rendered the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population. 28167670 6 4 theme strains 913:919 arg1 O-antigens 893:902 the O-antigens 889:902 the O-antigens of these strains 889:919 Full chemical analysis of the O-antigens of these strains identified gtr-dependent glucosylation and acetylation. 28167670 1 5 theme responsible 218:228 arg1 Typhi 157:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 1 5 theme responsible 218:228 arg1 pathogen 209:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen 166:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths 166:323 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 12 6 theme Salmonellagtr 1804:1816 arg1 repertoire 1818:1827 the Salmonellagtr repertoire 1800:1827 the Salmonellagtr repertoire 1800:1827 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 12 7 theme O-antigen 1657:1665 arg1 modifications 1667:1679 natural O-antigen modifications 1649:1679 natural O-antigen modifications 1649:1679 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 5 8 theme gtr 850:852 arg1 operons 854:860 specific gtr operons 841:860 specific gtr operons 841:860 Strains were engineered to express specific gtr operons. 28167670 1 9 theme serovar 149:155 arg1 Typhi 157:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 1 9 theme serovar 149:155 arg1 pathogen 209:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen 166:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths 166:323 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 1 10 theme million 258:264 arg1 cases 266:270 27 million cases 255:270 an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually 242:296 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 9 11 theme gtrC 1307:1310 arg1 gene 1312:1315 the acetylating gtrC gene 1291:1315 the acetylating gtrC gene 1291:1315 In contrast, the expression of the acetylating gtrC gene is controlled by epigenetic phase variation. 28167670 11 12 from immunodominant 1606:1619 arg1 studies 1553:1559 murine immunization studies 1533:1559 murine immunization studies 1533:1559 In murine immunization studies, both O-antigen modifications were generally immunodominant. 28167670 10 13 from persistence 1507:1517 arg1 host 1524:1527 a host 1522:1527 a host 1522:1527 Acetylation did not affect serum survival, but phase variation can be an immune evasion mechanism, and thus, this modification may contribute to persistence in a host. 28167670 7 14 theme complement 1072:1081 arg1 binding 1083:1089 complement binding 1072:1089 complement binding 1072:1089 The glucosylated form of the O-antigen mediated enhanced survival in human serum and decreased complement binding. 28167670 7 15 theme enhanced 1025:1032 arg1 survival 1034:1041 enhanced survival 1025:1041 enhanced survival in human serum 1025:1056 The glucosylated form of the O-antigen mediated enhanced survival in human serum and decreased complement binding. 28167670 2 16 theme vaccine 529:535 arg1 target 537:542 a vaccine target 527:542 a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species 527:573 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 7 17 theme O-antigen 1006:1014 arg1 form 994:997 The glucosylated form 977:997 The glucosylated form of the O-antigen 977:1014 The glucosylated form of the O-antigen mediated enhanced survival in human serum and decreased complement binding. 28167670 1 18 theme human-restricted 168:183 arg1 Typhi 157:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 1 18 theme human-restricted 168:183 arg1 pathogen 209:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen 166:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths 166:323 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 9 19 theme phase 1345:1349 arg1 variation 1351:1359 epigenetic phase variation 1334:1359 epigenetic phase variation 1334:1359 In contrast, the expression of the acetylating gtrC gene is controlled by epigenetic phase variation. 28167670 1 20 theme bacterial 199:207 arg1 Typhi 157:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 1 20 theme bacterial 199:207 arg1 pathogen 209:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen 166:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths 166:323 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 8 21 from sequence 1167:1174 arg1 deviation 1112:1120 A single nucleotide deviation 1092:1120 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence 1092:1174 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence rendered the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population. 28167670 2 22 theme Gram-negative 553:565 arg1 species 567:573 some Gram-negative species 548:573 some Gram-negative species 548:573 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 11 23 theme immunization 1540:1551 arg1 studies 1553:1559 murine immunization studies 1533:1559 murine immunization studies 1533:1559 In murine immunization studies, both O-antigen modifications were generally immunodominant. 28167670 0 24 theme Antibody 107:114 arg1 Recognition 116:126 Antibody Recognition 107:126 Antibody Recognition 107:126 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 7 25 theme glucosylated 981:992 arg1 form 994:997 The glucosylated form 977:997 The glucosylated form of the O-antigen 977:1014 The glucosylated form of the O-antigen mediated enhanced survival in human serum and decreased complement binding. 28167670 4 26 theme S 790:790 arg1 genome 798:803 the S Typhi genome 786:803 the S Typhi genome 786:803 Here we investigate the role of two gtr operons that we identified in the S Typhi genome. 28167670 4 27 theme operons 756:762 arg1 role 740:743 the role 736:743 the role of two gtr operons that we identified in the S Typhi genome 736:803 Here we investigate the role of two gtr operons that we identified in the S Typhi genome. 28167670 0 28 theme Salmonella 0:9 arg1 Typhi 28:32 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi 0:32 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 0:127 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 8 29 theme nucleotide 1101:1110 arg1 deviation 1112:1120 A single nucleotide deviation 1092:1120 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence 1092:1174 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence rendered the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population. 28167670 0 30 theme Serovar 20:26 arg1 Typhi 28:32 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi 0:32 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 0:127 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 1 31 theme Salmonella 129:138 arg1 Typhi 157:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 1 31 theme Salmonella 129:138 arg1 pathogen 209:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen 166:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths 166:323 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 2 32 theme immunodominant 434:447 arg1 antigen 449:455 an immunodominant antigen 431:455 an immunodominant antigen 431:455 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 2 32 theme immunodominant 434:447 arg1 chain 396:400 The O-antigen side chain 377:400 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide 377:426 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 0 33 theme Lipopolysaccharide 34:51 arg1 Impact 76:81 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact 0:81 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 0:127 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 1 34 theme current 330:336 arg1 vaccines 338:345 current vaccines 330:345 current vaccines 330:345 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 8 35 theme epigenetic 1130:1139 arg1 variation 1147:1155 epigenetic phase variation 1130:1155 an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence 1127:1174 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence rendered the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population. 28167670 6 36 theme chemical 868:875 arg1 analysis 877:884 Full chemical analysis 863:884 Full chemical analysis of the O-antigens of these strains 863:919 Full chemical analysis of the O-antigens of these strains identified gtr-dependent glucosylation and acetylation. 28167670 0 37 theme Modification 63:74 arg1 Impact 76:81 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact 0:81 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 0:127 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 8 38 theme variation 1147:1155 arg1 sequence 1167:1174 an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence 1127:1174 an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence 1127:1174 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence rendered the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population. 28167670 1 39 theme cases 266:270 arg1 annually 289:296 an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually 242:296 an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually 242:296 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 12 40 theme Salmonella 1883:1892 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1894:1911 Salmonella lipopolysaccharide 1883:1911 broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines 1869:1930 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 3 41 theme horizontal 690:699 arg1 transfer 706:713 horizontal gene transfer 690:713 horizontal gene transfer 690:713 The composition of the O-antigen can be modified by the activity of glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer. 28167670 1 42 theme typhoid 275:281 arg1 fever 283:287 typhoid fever 275:287 typhoid fever 275:287 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 12 43 theme conjugate 1913:1921 arg1 vaccines 1923:1930 broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines 1869:1930 broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines 1869:1930 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 2 44 theme O-antigen 381:389 arg1 antigen 449:455 an immunodominant antigen 431:455 an immunodominant antigen 431:455 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 2 44 theme O-antigen 381:389 arg1 chain 396:400 The O-antigen side chain 377:400 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide 377:426 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 9 45 theme epigenetic 1334:1343 arg1 variation 1351:1359 epigenetic phase variation 1334:1359 epigenetic phase variation 1334:1359 In contrast, the expression of the acetylating gtrC gene is controlled by epigenetic phase variation. 28167670 12 46 theme protective 1846:1855 arg1 efficacy 1857:1864 the protective efficacy 1842:1864 the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines 1842:1930 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 10 47 theme immune 1435:1440 arg1 variation 1415:1423 phase variation 1409:1423 phase variation 1409:1423 Acetylation did not affect serum survival, but phase variation can be an immune evasion mechanism, and thus, this modification may contribute to persistence in a host. 28167670 10 47 theme immune 1435:1440 arg1 mechanism 1450:1458 an immune evasion mechanism 1432:1458 an immune evasion mechanism 1432:1458 Acetylation did not affect serum survival, but phase variation can be an immune evasion mechanism, and thus, this modification may contribute to persistence in a host. 28167670 8 48 theme glucosylating 1208:1220 arg1 operon 1226:1231 this glucosylating gtr operon 1203:1231 this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population 1203:1257 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence rendered the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population. 28167670 11 49 theme O-antigen 1567:1575 arg1 modifications 1577:1589 both O-antigen modifications 1562:1589 both O-antigen modifications 1562:1589 In murine immunization studies, both O-antigen modifications were generally immunodominant. 28167670 8 50 theme operon 1226:1231 arg1 expression 1189:1198 the expression 1185:1198 the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population 1185:1257 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence rendered the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population. 28167670 6 51 theme O-antigens 893:902 arg1 analysis 877:884 Full chemical analysis 863:884 Full chemical analysis of the O-antigens of these strains 863:919 Full chemical analysis of the O-antigens of these strains identified gtr-dependent glucosylation and acetylation. 28167670 3 52 theme O-antigen 599:607 arg1 composition 580:590 The composition 576:590 The composition of the O-antigen 576:607 The composition of the O-antigen can be modified by the activity of glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer. 28167670 7 53 from survival 1034:1041 arg1 serum 1052:1056 human serum 1046:1056 human serum 1046:1056 The glucosylated form of the O-antigen mediated enhanced survival in human serum and decreased complement binding. 28167670 5 54 theme specific 841:848 arg1 operons 854:860 specific gtr operons 841:860 specific gtr operons 841:860 Strains were engineered to express specific gtr operons. 28167670 9 55 theme acetylating 1295:1305 arg1 gene 1312:1315 the acetylating gtrC gene 1291:1315 the acetylating gtrC gene 1291:1315 In contrast, the expression of the acetylating gtrC gene is controlled by epigenetic phase variation. 28167670 4 56 dep we 769:770 arg1 operons 756:762 two gtr operons 748:762 two gtr operons that we identified in the S Typhi genome 748:803 Here we investigate the role of two gtr operons that we identified in the S Typhi genome. 28167670 4 56 dep we 769:770 arg1 identified 772:781 identified 772:781 identified in the S Typhi genome 772:803 Here we investigate the role of two gtr operons that we identified in the S Typhi genome. 28167670 12 57 theme natural 1649:1655 arg1 modifications 1667:1679 natural O-antigen modifications 1649:1679 natural O-antigen modifications 1649:1679 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 9 58 theme gene 1312:1315 arg1 expression 1277:1286 the expression 1273:1286 the expression of the acetylating gtrC gene 1273:1315 In contrast, the expression of the acetylating gtrC gene is controlled by epigenetic phase variation. 28167670 3 59 theme glycosyltransferase 644:662 arg1 operons 670:676 glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons 644:676 glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer 644:713 The composition of the O-antigen can be modified by the activity of glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer. 28167670 7 60 theme human 1046:1050 arg1 serum 1052:1056 human serum 1046:1056 human serum 1046:1056 The glucosylated form of the O-antigen mediated enhanced survival in human serum and decreased complement binding. 28167670 0 61 theme Serum 86:90 arg1 Resistance 92:101 Serum Resistance 86:101 Serum Resistance 86:101 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 1 62 dep Salmonella 129:138 arg1 enterica 140:147 enterica 140:147 enterica 140:147 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 1 63 theme full 360:363 arg1 protection 365:374 full protection 360:374 full protection 360:374 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 1 64 theme Gram-negative 185:197 arg1 Typhi 157:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 129:161 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 1 64 theme Gram-negative 185:197 arg1 pathogen 209:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen 166:216 a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths 166:323 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 11 65 theme murine 1533:1538 arg1 studies 1553:1559 murine immunization studies 1533:1559 murine immunization studies 1533:1559 In murine immunization studies, both O-antigen modifications were generally immunodominant. 28167670 12 66 theme O-antigen-based 1765:1779 arg1 responses 1731:1739 responses 1731:1739 responses to vaccines 1731:1751 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 12 66 theme O-antigen-based 1765:1779 arg1 vaccines 1781:1788 O-antigen-based vaccines 1765:1788 especially O-antigen-based vaccines 1754:1788 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 0 67 from Impact 76:81 arg1 Resistance 92:101 Serum Resistance 86:101 Serum Resistance 86:101 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 0 67 from Impact 76:81 arg1 Recognition 116:126 Antibody Recognition 107:126 Antibody Recognition 107:126 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 8 68 theme single 1094:1099 arg1 deviation 1112:1120 A single nucleotide deviation 1092:1120 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence 1092:1174 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence rendered the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population. 28167670 1 69 theme estimated 245:253 arg1 annually 289:296 an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually 242:296 an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually 242:296 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 28167670 11 70 from studies 1553:1559 arg1 immunodominant 1606:1619 immunodominant 1606:1619 immunodominant 1606:1619 In murine immunization studies, both O-antigen modifications were generally immunodominant. 28167670 2 71 theme lipopolysaccharide 409:426 arg1 antigen 449:455 an immunodominant antigen 431:455 an immunodominant antigen 431:455 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 2 71 theme lipopolysaccharide 409:426 arg1 chain 396:400 The O-antigen side chain 377:400 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide 377:426 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 0 72 theme enterica 11:18 arg1 Typhi 28:32 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi 0:32 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 0:127 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 3 73 mod modified 616:623 arg1 composition 580:590 The composition 576:590 The composition of the O-antigen 576:607 The composition of the O-antigen can be modified by the activity of glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer. 28167670 3 73 mod modified 616:623 arg3 activity 632:639 the activity 628:639 the activity of glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer 628:713 The composition of the O-antigen can be modified by the activity of glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer. 28167670 2 74 theme host-pathogen 469:481 arg1 interactions 483:494 host-pathogen interactions 469:494 host-pathogen interactions 469:494 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 4 75 theme gtr 752:754 arg1 operons 756:762 two gtr operons 748:762 two gtr operons that we identified in the S Typhi genome 748:803 Here we investigate the role of two gtr operons that we identified in the S Typhi genome. 28167670 0 76 theme Typhi 28:32 arg1 Impact 76:81 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact 0:81 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 0:127 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 3 77 theme operons 670:676 arg1 activity 632:639 the activity 628:639 the activity of glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer 628:713 The composition of the O-antigen can be modified by the activity of glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer. 28167670 0 78 theme O-Antigen 53:61 arg1 Impact 76:81 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact 0:81 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 0:127 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition. 28167670 8 79 theme phase 1141:1145 arg1 variation 1147:1155 epigenetic phase variation 1130:1155 an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence 1127:1174 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence rendered the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population. 28167670 3 80 theme gtr 665:667 arg1 operons 670:676 glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons 644:676 glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer 644:713 The composition of the O-antigen can be modified by the activity of glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer. 28167670 8 81 theme signature 1157:1165 arg1 sequence 1167:1174 an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence 1127:1174 an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence 1127:1174 A single nucleotide deviation from an epigenetic phase variation signature sequence rendered the expression of this glucosylating gtr operon uniform in the population. 28167670 6 82 theme Full 863:866 arg1 analysis 877:884 Full chemical analysis 863:884 Full chemical analysis of the O-antigens of these strains 863:919 Full chemical analysis of the O-antigens of these strains identified gtr-dependent glucosylation and acetylation. 28167670 12 83 theme vaccines 1923:1930 arg1 efficacy 1857:1864 the protective efficacy 1842:1864 the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines 1842:1930 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 3 84 theme gene 701:704 arg1 transfer 706:713 horizontal gene transfer 690:713 horizontal gene transfer 690:713 The composition of the O-antigen can be modified by the activity of glycosyltransferase (gtr) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer. 28167670 10 85 theme serum 1389:1393 arg1 survival 1395:1402 serum survival 1389:1402 serum survival 1389:1402 Acetylation did not affect serum survival, but phase variation can be an immune evasion mechanism, and thus, this modification may contribute to persistence in a host. 28167670 4 86 theme Typhi 792:796 arg1 genome 798:803 the S Typhi genome 786:803 the S Typhi genome 786:803 Here we investigate the role of two gtr operons that we identified in the S Typhi genome. 28167670 12 87 theme broad-ranging 1869:1881 arg1 vaccines 1923:1930 broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines 1869:1930 broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines 1869:1930 Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. 28167670 10 88 theme phase 1409:1413 arg1 variation 1415:1423 phase variation 1409:1423 phase variation 1409:1423 Acetylation did not affect serum survival, but phase variation can be an immune evasion mechanism, and thus, this modification may contribute to persistence in a host. 28167670 10 88 theme phase 1409:1413 arg1 mechanism 1450:1458 an immune evasion mechanism 1432:1458 an immune evasion mechanism 1432:1458 Acetylation did not affect serum survival, but phase variation can be an immune evasion mechanism, and thus, this modification may contribute to persistence in a host. 28167670 2 89 theme side 391:394 arg1 antigen 449:455 an immunodominant antigen 431:455 an immunodominant antigen 431:455 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 2 89 theme side 391:394 arg1 chain 396:400 The O-antigen side chain 377:400 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide 377:426 The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. 28167670 1 90 theme fever 283:287 arg1 cases 266:270 27 million cases 255:270 an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually 242:296 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. 26612685 7 0 theme activities 1173:1182 arg1 reduction 1065:1073 a reduction 1063:1073 a reduction in the relative cell growth rate 1063:1106 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 7 0 theme activities 1173:1182 arg1 increment 1195:1203 a net increment 1189:1203 a net increment in total glutathione content 1189:1232 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 7 0 theme activities 1173:1182 arg1 enhancement 1112:1122 an enhancement 1109:1122 an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities 1109:1182 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 1 1 theme cell 261:264 arg1 wall 266:269 cell wall composition and architecture 261:298 wall 266:269 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. 26612685 6 2 theme total 951:955 arg1 content 969:975 total glutathione content 951:975 total glutathione content 951:975 Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. 26612685 6 3 theme short-term 835:844 arg1 cells 854:858 short-term treated cells 835:858 short-term treated cells 835:858 Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. 26612685 9 4 theme cells 1484:1488 arg1 this 1453:1456 this 1453:1456 this 1453:1456 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 9 4 theme cells 1484:1488 arg1 case 1470:1473 the case 1466:1473 the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels 1466:1636 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 4 5 theme strategy 659:666 arg1 role 636:639 the putative role 623:639 the putative role of an antioxidant strategy during incipient habituation 623:695 The results reported here attempt to elucidate the putative role of an antioxidant strategy during incipient habituation. 26612685 3 6 theme stepwise 528:535 arg1 habituation 537:547 stepwise habituation 528:547 stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations 528:573 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 6 7 theme glutathione 910:920 arg1 S-transferase 922:934 glutathione S-transferase 910:934 glutathione S-transferase 910:934 Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. 26612685 10 8 from enhancement 1758:1768 arg1 activities 1797:1806 antioxidant/conjugation activities 1773:1806 antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells 1773:1883 The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells. 26612685 8 9 theme glutathione 1289:1299 arg1 S-transferase 1301:1313 glutathione S-transferase 1289:1313 glutathione S-transferase activity 1289:1322 Moreover, these cell lines showed increased levels of glutathione S-transferase activity. 26612685 7 10 theme ascorbate 1127:1135 arg1 peroxidase 1137:1146 ascorbate peroxidase 1127:1146 ascorbate peroxidase 1127:1146 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 10 11 theme incipient 1835:1843 arg1 habituation 1849:1859 incipient DCB habituation 1835:1859 incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells 1835:1883 The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells. 26612685 9 12 theme μM 1506:1507 arg1 DCB 1509:1511 1 μM DCB 1504:1511 1 μM DCB 1504:1511 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 8 13 theme activity 1315:1322 arg1 levels 1279:1284 increased levels 1269:1284 increased levels of glutathione S-transferase activity 1269:1322 Moreover, these cell lines showed increased levels of glutathione S-transferase activity. 26612685 3 14 theme DCB 556:558 arg1 concentrations 560:573 low DCB concentrations 552:573 low DCB concentrations 552:573 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 8 15 theme cell 1251:1254 arg1 lines 1256:1260 these cell lines 1245:1260 these cell lines 1245:1260 Moreover, these cell lines showed increased levels of glutathione S-transferase activity. 26612685 7 16 from reduction 1065:1073 arg1 content 1226:1232 total glutathione content 1208:1232 total glutathione content 1208:1232 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 7 16 from reduction 1065:1073 arg1 rate 1103:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 0 17 theme antioxidant 130:140 arg1 status 142:147 antioxidant status 130:147 antioxidant status 130:147 Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile is associated with the enhancement of antioxidant status. 26612685 10 18 theme maize-cultured 1864:1877 arg1 cells 1879:1883 maize-cultured cells 1864:1883 maize-cultured cells 1864:1883 The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells. 26612685 6 19 from increase 873:880 arg1 activities 936:945 class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities 885:945 class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities 885:945 Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. 26612685 6 19 from increase 873:880 arg1 content 969:975 total glutathione content 951:975 total glutathione content 951:975 Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. 26612685 7 20 theme growth 1096:1101 arg1 rate 1103:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 5 21 from increase 790:797 arg1 damage 812:817 oxidative damage 802:817 oxidative damage 802:817 The short-term exposure to DCB of non-habituated maize-cultured cells induced a substantial increase in oxidative damage. 26612685 5 22 theme short-term 702:711 arg1 exposure 713:720 The short-term exposure 698:720 The short-term exposure to DCB of non-habituated maize-cultured cells 698:766 The short-term exposure to DCB of non-habituated maize-cultured cells induced a substantial increase in oxidative damage. 26612685 9 23 theme antioxidant 1549:1559 arg1 capacity 1561:1568 an increased antioxidant capacity 1536:1568 an increased antioxidant capacity 1536:1568 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 5 24 theme substantial 778:788 arg1 increase 790:797 a substantial increase 776:797 a substantial increase in oxidative damage 776:817 The short-term exposure to DCB of non-habituated maize-cultured cells induced a substantial increase in oxidative damage. 26612685 7 25 theme relative 1082:1089 arg1 rate 1103:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 1 26 theme biosynthesis 164:175 arg1 DCB 213:215 DCB 213:215 DCB 213:215 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. 26612685 1 26 theme biosynthesis 164:175 arg1 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 187:210 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 150:210 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) 150:216 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. 26612685 5 27 theme maize-cultured 747:760 arg1 cells 762:766 non-habituated maize-cultured cells 732:766 non-habituated maize-cultured cells 732:766 The short-term exposure to DCB of non-habituated maize-cultured cells induced a substantial increase in oxidative damage. 26612685 7 28 theme 0.3-1 µM 1004:1011 arg1 DCB 1013:1015 0.3-1 µM DCB 1004:1015 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) 1004:1039 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 7 28 theme 0.3-1 µM 1004:1011 arg1 habituation 1028:1038 incipient habituation 1018:1038 incipient habituation 1018:1038 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 3 29 theme maize-cultured 448:461 arg1 cells 463:467 maize-cultured cells 448:467 maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) 448:509 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 0 30 theme Zea 28:30 arg1 maize 21:25 maize 21:25 maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells 21:62 Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile is associated with the enhancement of antioxidant status. 26612685 0 30 theme Zea 28:30 arg1 mays 32:35 Zea mays 28:35 Zea mays 28:35 Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile is associated with the enhancement of antioxidant status. 26612685 9 31 theme oxidative 1603:1611 arg1 damage 1613:1618 the oxidative damage 1599:1618 the oxidative damage to control levels 1599:1636 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 10 32 theme incipient 1691:1699 arg1 habituation 1701:1711 incipient habituation 1691:1711 incipient habituation 1691:1711 The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells. 26612685 0 33 theme Early 0:4 arg1 habituation 6:16 Early habituation 0:16 Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 0:90 Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile is associated with the enhancement of antioxidant status. 26612685 7 34 theme Maize 978:982 arg1 cells 984:988 Maize cells 978:988 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) 978:1039 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 3 35 theme reduced 476:482 arg1 cellulose 494:502 cellulose 494:502 cellulose (∼20%) 494:509 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 3 35 theme reduced 476:482 arg1 % 508:508 ∼20% 505:508 ∼20% 505:508 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 3 35 theme reduced 476:482 arg1 amount 484:489 a reduced amount 474:489 a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) 474:509 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 3 36 with cells 463:467 arg1 cellulose 494:502 cellulose 494:502 cellulose (∼20%) 494:509 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 3 36 with cells 463:467 arg1 % 508:508 ∼20% 505:508 ∼20% 505:508 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 3 36 with cells 463:467 arg1 amount 484:489 a reduced amount 474:489 a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) 474:509 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 7 37 theme glutathione 1214:1224 arg1 content 1226:1232 total glutathione content 1208:1232 total glutathione content 1208:1232 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 10 38 theme cells 1722:1726 arg1 habituation 1701:1711 incipient habituation 1691:1711 incipient habituation 1691:1711 The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells. 26612685 10 38 theme cells 1722:1726 arg1 exposure 1678:1685 exposure 1678:1685 exposure 1678:1685 The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells. 26612685 7 39 theme net 1191:1193 arg1 increment 1195:1203 a net increment 1189:1203 a net increment in total glutathione content 1189:1232 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 9 40 theme peroxidation 1428:1439 arg1 levels 1441:1446 lipid peroxidation levels 1422:1446 lipid peroxidation levels 1422:1446 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 0 41 theme suspension-cultured 38:56 arg1 cells 58:62 suspension-cultured cells 38:62 maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells 21:62 Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile is associated with the enhancement of antioxidant status. 26612685 8 42 theme increased 1269:1277 arg1 levels 1279:1284 increased levels 1269:1284 increased levels of glutathione S-transferase activity 1269:1322 Moreover, these cell lines showed increased levels of glutathione S-transferase activity. 26612685 9 43 from Changes 1325:1331 arg1 status 1360:1365 antioxidant/conjugation status 1336:1365 antioxidant/conjugation status 1336:1365 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 7 44 theme peroxidase 1162:1171 arg1 activities 1173:1182 ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities 1127:1182 ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities 1127:1182 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 6 45 theme glutathione 957:967 arg1 content 969:975 total glutathione content 951:975 total glutathione content 951:975 Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. 26612685 7 46 theme class 1152:1156 arg1 peroxidase 1162:1171 class III peroxidase 1152:1171 class III peroxidase 1152:1171 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 6 47 theme treated 846:852 arg1 cells 854:858 short-term treated cells 835:858 short-term treated cells 835:858 Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. 26612685 9 48 theme maize 1478:1482 arg1 cells 1484:1488 maize cells 1478:1488 maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels 1478:1636 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 10 49 theme DCB 1845:1847 arg1 habituation 1849:1859 incipient DCB habituation 1835:1859 incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells 1835:1883 The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells. 26612685 7 50 from enhancement 1112:1122 arg1 content 1226:1232 total glutathione content 1208:1232 total glutathione content 1208:1232 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 7 50 from enhancement 1112:1122 arg1 rate 1103:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 7 51 theme peroxidase 1137:1146 arg1 activities 1173:1182 ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities 1127:1182 ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities 1127:1182 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 4 52 theme incipient 675:683 arg1 habituation 685:695 incipient habituation 675:695 incipient habituation 675:695 The results reported here attempt to elucidate the putative role of an antioxidant strategy during incipient habituation. 26612685 1 53 theme inhibitor 177:185 arg1 DCB 213:215 DCB 213:215 DCB 213:215 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. 26612685 1 53 theme inhibitor 177:185 arg1 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 187:210 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 150:210 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) 150:216 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. 26612685 6 54 theme S-transferase 922:934 arg1 activities 936:945 class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities 885:945 class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities 885:945 Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. 26612685 2 55 from information 364:374 arg1 mechanisms 379:388 mechanisms 379:388 mechanisms that allow tolerance/habituation to DCB 379:428 Studies of changes during early habituation to DCB can provide information on mechanisms that allow tolerance/habituation to DCB. 26612685 4 56 theme antioxidant 647:657 arg1 strategy 659:666 an antioxidant strategy 644:666 an antioxidant strategy 644:666 The results reported here attempt to elucidate the putative role of an antioxidant strategy during incipient habituation. 26612685 2 57 theme early 327:331 arg1 habituation 333:343 early habituation 327:343 early habituation to DCB 327:350 Studies of changes during early habituation to DCB can provide information on mechanisms that allow tolerance/habituation to DCB. 26612685 3 58 theme low 552:554 arg1 concentrations 560:573 low DCB concentrations 552:573 low DCB concentrations 552:573 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 8 59 theme S-transferase 1301:1313 arg1 activity 1315:1322 glutathione S-transferase activity 1289:1322 glutathione S-transferase activity 1289:1322 Moreover, these cell lines showed increased levels of glutathione S-transferase activity. 26612685 0 60 theme status 142:147 arg1 enhancement 115:125 the enhancement 111:125 the enhancement of antioxidant status 111:147 Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile is associated with the enhancement of antioxidant status. 26612685 10 61 theme cells 1879:1883 arg1 habituation 1849:1859 incipient DCB habituation 1835:1859 incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells 1835:1883 The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells. 26612685 7 62 theme cell 1091:1094 arg1 rate 1103:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 1 63 dep wall 266:269 arg1 composition 271:281 composition 271:281 composition 271:281 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. 26612685 9 64 theme increased 1539:1547 arg1 capacity 1561:1568 an increased antioxidant capacity 1536:1568 an increased antioxidant capacity 1536:1568 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 2 65 theme changes 312:318 arg1 Studies 301:307 Studies 301:307 Studies of changes during early habituation to DCB 301:350 Studies of changes during early habituation to DCB can provide information on mechanisms that allow tolerance/habituation to DCB. 26612685 9 66 theme antioxidant/conjugation 1336:1358 arg1 status 1360:1365 antioxidant/conjugation status 1336:1365 antioxidant/conjugation status 1336:1365 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 1 67 theme cellulose 154:162 arg1 DCB 213:215 DCB 213:215 DCB 213:215 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. 26612685 1 67 theme cellulose 154:162 arg1 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 187:210 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 150:210 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) 150:216 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. 26612685 5 68 theme non-habituated 732:745 arg1 cells 762:766 non-habituated maize-cultured cells 732:766 non-habituated maize-cultured cells 732:766 The short-term exposure to DCB of non-habituated maize-cultured cells induced a substantial increase in oxidative damage. 26612685 7 69 theme incipient 1018:1026 arg1 DCB 1013:1015 0.3-1 µM DCB 1004:1015 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) 1004:1039 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 7 69 theme incipient 1018:1026 arg1 habituation 1028:1038 incipient habituation 1018:1038 incipient habituation 1018:1038 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 7 70 from increment 1195:1203 arg1 content 1226:1232 total glutathione content 1208:1232 total glutathione content 1208:1232 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 7 70 from increment 1195:1203 arg1 rate 1103:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 the relative cell growth rate 1078:1106 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 5 71 theme cells 762:766 arg1 DCB 725:727 DCB 725:727 DCB of non-habituated maize-cultured cells 725:766 The short-term exposure to DCB of non-habituated maize-cultured cells induced a substantial increase in oxidative damage. 26612685 4 72 theme putative 627:634 arg1 role 636:639 the putative role 623:639 the putative role of an antioxidant strategy during incipient habituation 623:695 The results reported here attempt to elucidate the putative role of an antioxidant strategy during incipient habituation. 26612685 7 73 theme total 1208:1212 arg1 content 1226:1232 total glutathione content 1208:1232 total glutathione content 1208:1232 Maize cells habituated to 0.3-1 µM DCB (incipient habituation) were characterized by a reduction in the relative cell growth rate, an enhancement of ascorbate peroxidase and class III peroxidase activities, and a net increment in total glutathione content. 26612685 9 74 theme DCB-habituated 1390:1403 arg1 cells 1405:1409 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells 1375:1409 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells 1375:1409 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 0 75 theme maize 21:25 arg1 habituation 6:16 Early habituation 0:16 Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 0:90 Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile is associated with the enhancement of antioxidant status. 26612685 9 76 theme control 1623:1629 arg1 levels 1631:1636 control levels 1623:1636 control levels 1623:1636 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 5 77 theme oxidative 802:810 arg1 damage 812:817 oxidative damage 802:817 oxidative damage 802:817 The short-term exposure to DCB of non-habituated maize-cultured cells induced a substantial increase in oxidative damage. 26612685 9 78 theme lipid 1422:1426 arg1 peroxidation 1428:1439 lipid peroxidation 1422:1439 lipid peroxidation levels 1422:1446 Changes in antioxidant/conjugation status enabled 0.3 and 0.5 µM DCB-habituated cells to control lipid peroxidation levels, but this was not the case of maize cells habituated to 1 μM DCB, which despite showing an increased antioxidant capacity were not capable of reducing the oxidative damage to control levels. 26612685 6 79 theme peroxidase 895:904 arg1 activities 936:945 class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities 885:945 class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities 885:945 Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. 26612685 10 80 theme maize 1716:1720 arg1 cells 1722:1726 maize cells 1716:1726 maize cells 1716:1726 The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells. 26612685 6 81 theme class 885:889 arg1 peroxidase 895:904 class III peroxidase 885:904 class III peroxidase 885:904 Concomitantly, short-term treated cells presented an increase in class III peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities and total glutathione content. 26612685 0 82 dep maize 21:25 arg1 cells 58:62 suspension-cultured cells 38:62 maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells 21:62 Early habituation of maize (Zea mays) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile is associated with the enhancement of antioxidant status. 26612685 3 83 theme cellulose 494:502 arg1 cellulose 494:502 cellulose 494:502 cellulose (∼20%) 494:509 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 3 83 theme cellulose 494:502 arg1 % 508:508 ∼20% 505:508 ∼20% 505:508 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 3 83 theme cellulose 494:502 arg1 amount 484:489 a reduced amount 474:489 a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) 474:509 In this context, maize-cultured cells with a reduced amount of cellulose (∼20%) were obtained by stepwise habituation to low DCB concentrations. 26612685 1 84 used used 234:237 arg2 DCB 213:215 DCB 213:215 DCB 213:215 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. 26612685 1 84 used used 234:237 arg2 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 187:210 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile 150:210 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) 150:216 The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) has been widely used to gain insights into cell wall composition and architecture. 26612685 10 85 theme antioxidant/conjugation 1773:1795 arg1 activities 1797:1806 antioxidant/conjugation activities 1773:1806 antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells 1773:1883 The results reported here confirm that exposure and incipient habituation of maize cells to DCB are associated with an enhancement in antioxidant/conjugation activities which could play a role in incipient DCB habituation of maize-cultured cells. 25879765 7 0 theme cerevisiae-expressed 1850:1869 arg1 TrEGI 1871:1875 S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI 1847:1875 S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI 1847:1875 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 4 1 contain had 1149:1151 arg1 Tr_TrEGI 1139:1146 Tr_TrEGI 1139:1146 Tr_TrEGI 1139:1146 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 4 1 contain had 1149:1151 arg2 temperature 1179:1189 a higher apparent melting temperature 1153:1189 a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) 1153:1210 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 4 1 contain had 1149:1151 arg1 G230A/D113S/D115T 1102:1118 G230A/D113S/D115T 1102:1118 G230A/D113S/D115T 1102:1118 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 9 2 theme thermal 2424:2430 arg1 stability 2432:2440 increased thermal stability 2414:2440 increased thermal stability 2414:2440 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 9 3 used used 2384:2387 arg2 evolution 2353:2361 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution 2325:2361 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI 2325:2378 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 9 4 with enzymes 2401:2407 arg1 activity 2446:2453 activity 2446:2453 activity 2446:2453 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 9 4 with enzymes 2401:2407 arg1 stability 2432:2440 increased thermal stability 2414:2440 increased thermal stability 2414:2440 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 8 5 from importance 2266:2275 arg1 enzymes 2316:2322 GH7 enzymes 2312:2322 GH7 enzymes 2312:2322 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 7 6 theme N.crassa-expressed 1821:1838 arg1 TrEGI 1840:1844 N.crassa-expressed TrEGI 1821:1844 N.crassa-expressed TrEGI 1821:1844 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 8 7 theme crassa-expressed 2224:2239 arg1 enzyme 2241:2246 the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme 2204:2246 the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme 2204:2246 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 10 8 theme TrEGI 2501:2505 arg1 enzymes 2507:2513 TrEGI enzymes 2501:2513 TrEGI enzymes 2501:2513 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 1 9 theme cellulase 168:176 arg1 source 178:183 a key cellulase source 162:183 a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels 162:264 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 1 9 theme cellulase 168:176 arg1 reesei 152:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei 129:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei 129:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 5 10 theme solid 1451:1455 arg1 substrates 1468:1477 solid cellulosic substrates 1451:1477 solid cellulosic substrates 1451:1477 Furthermore, G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI showed 2-fold improved activity compared to Tr_TrEGI at 65°C on solid cellulosic substrates, and was as efficient in hydrolyzing cellulose at 60°C as Tr_TrEGI was at 50°C. 25879765 9 11 theme cellulosic 2464:2473 arg1 substrates 2475:2484 solid cellulosic substrates 2458:2484 solid cellulosic substrates 2458:2484 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 4 12 from increase 1196:1203 arg1 Tm 1208:1209 Tm 1208:1209 Tm 1208:1209 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 6 13 dep activities 1563:1572 arg1 The 1559:1561 The 1559:1561 The 1559:1561 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 4 14 theme melting 1171:1177 arg1 temperature 1179:1189 a higher apparent melting temperature 1153:1189 a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) 1153:1210 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 4 15 dep temperature 1179:1189 arg1 increase 1196:1203 3°C increase 1192:1203 3°C increase in Tm 1192:1209 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 2 16 theme optimum 319:325 arg1 temperature 327:337 the optimum temperature 315:337 the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) 315:369 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 1 17 theme saccharifying 202:214 arg1 biomass 227:233 economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass 189:233 economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass 189:233 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 9 18 from stability 2432:2440 arg1 substrates 2475:2484 solid cellulosic substrates 2458:2484 solid cellulosic substrates 2458:2484 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 10 19 theme host 2570:2573 arg1 role 2583:2586 the role 2579:2586 the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes 2579:2671 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 10 19 theme host 2570:2573 arg1 impact 2545:2550 the impact 2541:2550 the impact of the expression host 2541:2573 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 6 20 theme similar 1632:1638 arg1 trends 1640:1645 similar trends 1632:1645 similar trends 1632:1645 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 6 21 dep Escherichia 1721:1731 arg1 coli 1733:1736 coli 1733:1736 coli 1733:1736 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 6 21 dep Escherichia 1721:1731 arg1 cell-free 1738:1746 cell-free 1738:1746 cell-free 1738:1746 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 8 22 theme ubiquitous 2285:2294 arg1 modification 2296:2307 this ubiquitous modification 2280:2307 this ubiquitous modification 2280:2307 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 10 23 theme pyroglutamate 2602:2614 arg1 formation 2616:2624 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation 2591:2624 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation 2591:2624 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 6 24 theme enzymes 1615:1621 arg1 stabilities 1578:1588 stabilities 1578:1588 stabilities 1578:1588 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 6 24 theme enzymes 1615:1621 arg1 activities 1563:1572 activities 1563:1572 activities 1563:1572 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 2 25 from temperatures 296:307 arg1 hydrolysis 282:291 Lignocellulose hydrolysis 267:291 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) 267:369 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 26 theme hydrolysis 616:625 arg1 risk 473:476 lower risk 467:476 lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification 467:527 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 26 theme hydrolysis 616:625 arg1 viscosity 432:440 reduced viscosity 424:440 reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings 424:464 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 26 theme hydrolysis 616:625 arg1 rates 607:611 faster rates 600:611 faster rates of hydrolysis 600:625 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 26 theme hydrolysis 616:625 arg1 compatibility 538:550 greater compatibility 530:550 greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment 530:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 3 27 theme reesei 687:692 arg1 cellulases 694:703 T. reesei cellulases 684:703 T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C 684:1056 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 6 28 theme recombinant 1597:1607 arg1 enzymes 1615:1621 the recombinant TrEGI enzymes 1593:1621 the recombinant TrEGI enzymes 1593:1621 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 1 29 theme BACKGROUND 129:138 arg1 source 178:183 a key cellulase source 162:183 a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels 162:264 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 1 29 theme BACKGROUND 129:138 arg1 reesei 152:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei 129:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei 129:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 3 30 theme endoglucanase 875:887 arg1 variants 863:870 variants 863:870 variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C 863:1056 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 2 31 from loadings 457:464 arg1 risk 473:476 lower risk 467:476 lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification 467:527 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 31 from loadings 457:464 arg1 viscosity 432:440 reduced viscosity 424:440 reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings 424:464 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 31 from loadings 457:464 arg1 rates 607:611 faster rates 600:611 faster rates of hydrolysis 600:625 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 31 from loadings 457:464 arg1 compatibility 538:550 greater compatibility 530:550 greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment 530:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 0 32 theme host 72:75 arg1 impact 51:56 impact 51:56 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 0:127 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 2 33 theme Lignocellulose 267:280 arg1 hydrolysis 282:291 Lignocellulose hydrolysis 267:291 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) 267:369 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 3 34 from variants 863:870 arg1 TrEGI 915:919 TrEGI 915:919 TrEGI 915:919 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 3 34 from variants 863:870 arg1 reesei 907:912 T. reesei 904:912 T. reesei (TrEGI) 904:920 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 4 35 theme T. 1281:1282 arg1 host 1291:1294 T. reesei host 1281:1294 T. reesei host 1281:1294 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 10 36 theme TrEGI 2659:2663 arg1 enzymes 2665:2671 TrEGI enzymes 2659:2671 TrEGI enzymes 2659:2671 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 2 37 with compatibility 538:550 arg1 pretreatment 582:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 38 theme high-temperature 557:572 arg1 pretreatment 582:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 8 39 theme N-terminal 2046:2055 arg1 formation 2071:2079 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation 2046:2079 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae 2046:2115 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 7 40 theme N-terminal 1972:1981 arg1 glutamine 1983:1991 the N-terminal glutamine 1968:1991 the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI 1968:2003 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 3 41 theme cellulosic 949:958 arg1 substrates 960:969 cellulosic substrates 949:969 cellulosic substrates 949:969 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 10 42 theme enzymes 2507:2513 arg1 Production 2487:2496 Production 2487:2496 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts 2487:2527 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 4 43 from Tr_TrEGI 1336:1343 arg1 74 hr 1321:1325 t1/2 = 74 hr 1314:1325 t1/2 = 74 hr 1314:1325 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 9 44 theme Structure-guided 2336:2351 arg1 evolution 2353:2361 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution 2325:2361 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI 2325:2378 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 3 45 theme recombinant 993:1003 arg1 TrEGI 1015:1019 the recombinant wild-type TrEGI 989:1019 the recombinant wild-type TrEGI 989:1019 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 4 46 theme recombinant 1268:1278 arg1 TrEGI 1307:1311 the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI 1264:1311 the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI) 1264:1344 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 2 47 theme high-solids 445:455 arg1 loadings 457:464 high-solids loadings 445:464 high-solids loadings 445:464 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 0 48 theme Trichoderma 15:25 arg1 endoglucanase 34:46 Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I 15:48 Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I 15:48 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 3 49 dep RESULTS 777:783 arg1 used 846:849 used 846:849 was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C 842:1056 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 4 50 theme = 1319:1319 arg1 74 hr 1321:1325 t1/2 = 74 hr 1314:1325 t1/2 = 74 hr 1314:1325 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 9 51 theme reesei 2369:2374 arg1 EGI 2376:2378 T. reesei EGI 2366:2378 T. reesei EGI 2366:2378 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 0 52 theme endoglucanase 34:46 arg1 Mutagenesis 0:10 Mutagenesis 0:10 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 0:127 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 2 53 theme microbial 481:489 arg1 contamination 491:503 microbial contamination 481:503 microbial contamination during saccharification 481:527 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 4 54 from 60°C 1238:1241 arg1 half-life 1225:1233 half-life 1225:1233 half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI) 1225:1344 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 7 55 theme inferior 1884:1891 arg1 activity 1893:1900 inferior activity 1884:1900 inferior activity 1884:1900 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 4 56 theme wild-type 1297:1305 arg1 TrEGI 1307:1311 the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI 1264:1311 the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI) 1264:1344 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 2 57 theme cellulases 352:361 arg1 temperature 327:337 the optimum temperature 315:337 the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) 315:369 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 4 58 dep recombinant 1268:1278 arg1 host 1291:1294 T. reesei host 1281:1294 T. reesei host 1281:1294 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 4 59 theme apparent 1162:1169 arg1 temperature 1179:1189 a higher apparent melting temperature 1153:1189 a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) 1153:1210 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 9 60 theme EGI 2376:2378 arg1 evolution 2353:2361 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution 2325:2361 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI 2325:2378 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 2 61 theme many 385:388 arg1 risk 473:476 lower risk 467:476 lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification 467:527 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 61 theme many 385:388 arg1 viscosity 432:440 reduced viscosity 424:440 reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings 424:464 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 61 theme many 385:388 arg1 compatibility 538:550 greater compatibility 530:550 greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment 530:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 61 theme many 385:388 arg1 advantages 402:411 many significant advantages 385:411 many significant advantages 385:411 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 61 theme many 385:388 arg1 rates 607:611 faster rates 600:611 faster rates of hydrolysis 600:625 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 0 62 dep Mutagenesis 0:10 arg1 impact 51:56 impact 51:56 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 0:127 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 7 63 theme S. 1847:1848 arg1 TrEGI 1871:1875 S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI 1847:1875 S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI 1847:1875 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 8 64 theme similar 2193:2199 arg1 levels 2186:2191 levels 2186:2191 levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme 2186:2246 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 9 65 theme increased 2414:2422 arg1 stability 2432:2440 increased thermal stability 2414:2440 increased thermal stability 2414:2440 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 1 66 theme biofuels 257:264 arg1 production 243:252 the production 239:252 the production of biofuels 239:264 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 10 67 from Production 2487:2496 arg1 hosts 2523:2527 four hosts 2518:2527 four hosts 2518:2527 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 7 68 from differences 2016:2026 arg1 glycosylation 2031:2043 glycosylation 2031:2043 glycosylation 2031:2043 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 3 69 theme 60-70°C. 768:775 arg1 RESULTS 777:783 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C 768:1056 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C 768:1056 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 9 70 theme solid 2458:2462 arg1 substrates 2475:2484 solid cellulosic substrates 2458:2484 solid cellulosic substrates 2458:2484 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 2 71 with viscosity 432:440 arg1 pretreatment 582:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 8 72 theme reesei 2211:2216 arg1 enzyme 2241:2246 the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme 2204:2246 the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme 2204:2246 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 10 73 dep activity 2633:2640 arg1 the 2629:2631 the 2629:2631 the 2629:2631 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 1 74 theme key 164:166 arg1 source 178:183 a key cellulase source 162:183 a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels 162:264 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 1 74 theme key 164:166 arg1 reesei 152:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei 129:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei 129:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 8 75 theme N. 2221:2222 arg1 enzyme 2241:2246 the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme 2204:2246 the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme 2204:2246 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 3 76 theme guided 796:801 arg1 approach 803:810 A B-factor guided approach 785:810 A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability 785:840 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 2 77 theme T. 342:343 arg1 ~50°C 364:368 ~50°C 364:368 ~50°C 364:368 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 77 theme T. 342:343 arg1 cellulases 352:361 T. reesei cellulases 342:361 T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) 342:369 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 7 78 from cyclization 1953:1963 arg1 Sc_TrEGI 1996:2003 Sc_TrEGI 1996:2003 Sc_TrEGI 1996:2003 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 5 79 theme cellulosic 1457:1466 arg1 substrates 1468:1477 solid cellulosic substrates 1451:1477 solid cellulosic substrates 1451:1477 Furthermore, G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI showed 2-fold improved activity compared to Tr_TrEGI at 65°C on solid cellulosic substrates, and was as efficient in hydrolyzing cellulose at 60°C as Tr_TrEGI was at 50°C. 25879765 2 80 theme faster 600:605 arg1 rates 607:611 faster rates 600:611 faster rates of hydrolysis 600:625 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 4 81 theme 3°C 1192:1194 arg1 increase 1196:1203 3°C increase 1192:1203 3°C increase in Tm 1192:1209 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 1 82 theme cellulosic 216:225 arg1 biomass 227:233 economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass 189:233 economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass 189:233 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 7 83 from glutamine 1983:1991 arg1 Sc_TrEGI 1996:2003 Sc_TrEGI 1996:2003 Sc_TrEGI 1996:2003 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 3 84 used used 846:849 arg2 approach 803:810 A B-factor guided approach 785:810 A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability 785:840 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 10 85 from impact 2545:2550 arg1 stability 2646:2654 stability 2646:2654 stability 2646:2654 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 10 85 from impact 2545:2550 arg1 activity 2633:2640 activity 2633:2640 activity 2633:2640 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 10 86 theme expression 2559:2568 arg1 host 2570:2573 the expression host 2555:2573 the expression host 2555:2573 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 3 87 theme potential 634:642 arg1 advantages 644:653 These potential advantages 628:653 These potential advantages 628:653 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 8 88 from formation 2071:2079 arg1 TrEGI 2084:2088 TrEGI 2084:2088 TrEGI 2084:2088 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 7 89 from Sc_TrEGI 1996:2003 arg1 cyclization 1953:1963 cyclization 1953:1963 cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI 1953:2003 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 10 90 theme N-terminal 2591:2600 arg1 formation 2616:2624 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation 2591:2624 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation 2591:2624 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 3 91 theme T. 684:685 arg1 cellulases 694:703 T. reesei cellulases 684:703 T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C 684:1056 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 6 92 theme TrEGI 1609:1613 arg1 enzymes 1615:1621 the recombinant TrEGI enzymes 1593:1621 the recombinant TrEGI enzymes 1593:1621 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 6 93 theme expression 1704:1713 arg1 host 1715:1718 the expression host 1700:1718 the expression host 1700:1718 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 8 94 theme modification 2296:2307 arg1 importance 2266:2275 the importance 2262:2275 the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes 2262:2322 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 10 95 from role 2583:2586 arg1 stability 2646:2654 stability 2646:2654 stability 2646:2654 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 10 95 from role 2583:2586 arg1 activity 2633:2640 activity 2633:2640 activity 2633:2640 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 0 96 theme expression 61:70 arg1 host 72:75 expression host 61:75 expression host 61:75 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 1 97 theme Trichoderma 140:150 arg1 source 178:183 a key cellulase source 162:183 a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels 162:264 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 1 97 theme Trichoderma 140:150 arg1 reesei 152:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei 129:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei 129:157 BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. 25879765 4 98 dep TrEGI 1307:1311 arg1 74 hr 1321:1325 t1/2 = 74 hr 1314:1325 t1/2 = 74 hr 1314:1325 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 2 99 theme greater 530:536 arg1 compatibility 538:550 greater compatibility 530:550 greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment 530:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 8 100 theme GH7 2312:2314 arg1 enzymes 2316:2322 GH7 enzymes 2312:2322 GH7 enzymes 2312:2322 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 0 101 theme elevated 106:113 arg1 temperatures 115:126 elevated temperatures 106:126 elevated temperatures 106:126 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 4 102 theme reesei 1284:1289 arg1 host 1291:1294 T. reesei host 1281:1294 T. reesei host 1281:1294 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 10 103 theme formation 2616:2624 arg1 role 2583:2586 the role 2579:2586 the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes 2579:2671 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 10 103 theme formation 2616:2624 arg1 impact 2545:2550 the impact 2541:2550 the impact of the expression host 2541:2573 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 7 104 theme glutamine 1983:1991 arg1 cyclization 1953:1963 cyclization 1953:1963 cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI 1953:2003 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 2 105 theme biomass 574:580 arg1 pretreatment 582:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 0 106 from impact 51:56 arg1 stability 93:101 stability 93:101 stability 93:101 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 0 106 from impact 51:56 arg1 activity 80:87 activity 80:87 activity 80:87 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 8 107 theme pyroglutamate 2057:2069 arg1 formation 2071:2079 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation 2046:2079 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae 2046:2115 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in TrEGI expressed in S. cerevisiae was found to be essential in elevating its activity and stability to levels similar to the T. reesei or N. crassa-expressed enzyme, highlighting the importance of this ubiquitous modification in GH7 enzymes. 25879765 9 108 theme CONCLUSION 2325:2334 arg1 evolution 2353:2361 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution 2325:2361 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI 2325:2378 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 7 109 theme cyclization 1953:1963 arg1 lack 1945:1948 the lack 1941:1948 the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI 1941:2003 Compared to N.crassa-expressed TrEGI, S. cerevisiae-expressed TrEGI showed inferior activity and stability, which was attributed to the lack of cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine in Sc_TrEGI and not to differences in glycosylation. 25879765 6 110 dep differed 1651:1658 arg1 reesei 1800:1805 T. reesei 1797:1805 T. reesei 1797:1805 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 6 110 dep differed 1651:1658 arg1 Escherichia 1721:1731 Escherichia 1721:1731 Escherichia 1721:1731 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 6 110 dep differed 1651:1658 arg1 crassa 1786:1791 Neurospora crassa 1775:1791 Neurospora crassa 1775:1791 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 6 110 dep differed 1651:1658 arg1 cerevisiae 1763:1772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1749:1772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1749:1772 The activities and stabilities of the recombinant TrEGI enzymes followed similar trends but differed significantly in magnitude depending on the expression host (Escherichia coli cell-free, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, or T. reesei). 25879765 2 111 theme lower 467:471 arg1 risk 473:476 lower risk 467:476 lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification 467:527 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 112 theme significant 390:400 arg1 risk 473:476 lower risk 467:476 lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification 467:527 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 112 theme significant 390:400 arg1 viscosity 432:440 reduced viscosity 424:440 reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings 424:464 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 112 theme significant 390:400 arg1 compatibility 538:550 greater compatibility 530:550 greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment 530:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 112 theme significant 390:400 arg1 advantages 402:411 many significant advantages 385:411 many significant advantages 385:411 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 112 theme significant 390:400 arg1 rates 607:611 faster rates 600:611 faster rates of hydrolysis 600:625 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 0 113 theme reesei 27:32 arg1 endoglucanase 34:46 Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I 15:48 Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I 15:48 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 2 114 with risk 473:476 arg1 pretreatment 582:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 3 115 theme wild-type 1005:1013 arg1 TrEGI 1015:1019 the recombinant wild-type TrEGI 989:1019 the recombinant wild-type TrEGI 989:1019 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 5 116 from Tr_TrEGI 1431:1438 arg1 substrates 1468:1477 solid cellulosic substrates 1451:1477 solid cellulosic substrates 1451:1477 Furthermore, G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI showed 2-fold improved activity compared to Tr_TrEGI at 65°C on solid cellulosic substrates, and was as efficient in hydrolyzing cellulose at 60°C as Tr_TrEGI was at 50°C. 25879765 10 117 theme enzymes 2665:2671 arg1 stability 2646:2654 stability 2646:2654 stability 2646:2654 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 10 117 theme enzymes 2665:2671 arg1 activity 2633:2640 activity 2633:2640 activity 2633:2640 Production of TrEGI enzymes in four hosts highlighted the impact of the expression host and the role of N-terminal pyroglutamate formation on the activity and stability of TrEGI enzymes. 25879765 9 118 theme T. 2366:2367 arg1 EGI 2376:2378 T. reesei EGI 2366:2378 T. reesei EGI 2366:2378 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25879765 2 119 theme contamination 491:503 arg1 risk 473:476 lower risk 467:476 lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification 467:527 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 119 theme contamination 491:503 arg1 viscosity 432:440 reduced viscosity 424:440 reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings 424:464 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 119 theme contamination 491:503 arg1 rates 607:611 faster rates 600:611 faster rates of hydrolysis 600:625 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 119 theme contamination 491:503 arg1 compatibility 538:550 greater compatibility 530:550 greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment 530:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 3 120 from reesei 907:912 arg1 endoglucanase 875:887 endoglucanase I 875:889 endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) 875:920 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 3 120 from reesei 907:912 arg1 Cel7B 892:896 Cel7B 892:896 Cel7B 892:896 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 3 120 from reesei 907:912 arg1 variants 863:870 variants 863:870 variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C 863:1056 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 2 121 theme reduced 424:430 arg1 viscosity 432:440 reduced viscosity 424:440 reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings 424:464 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 3 122 dep guided 796:801 arg1 B-factor 787:794 B-factor 787:794 B-factor 787:794 These potential advantages motivate efforts to engineer T. reesei cellulases that can hydrolyze lignocellulose at temperatures ranging from 60-70°C. RESULTS A B-factor guided approach for improving thermostability was used to engineer variants of endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. reesei (TrEGI) that are able to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates more rapidly than the recombinant wild-type TrEGI at temperatures ranging from 50-70°C. 25879765 5 123 from 65°C 1443:1446 arg1 Tr_TrEGI 1431:1438 Tr_TrEGI 1431:1438 Tr_TrEGI at 65°C on solid cellulosic substrates 1431:1477 Furthermore, G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI showed 2-fold improved activity compared to Tr_TrEGI at 65°C on solid cellulosic substrates, and was as efficient in hydrolyzing cellulose at 60°C as Tr_TrEGI was at 50°C. 25879765 4 124 theme t1/2 1314:1317 arg1 74 hr 1321:1325 t1/2 = 74 hr 1314:1325 t1/2 = 74 hr 1314:1325 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 2 125 theme reesei 345:350 arg1 ~50°C 364:368 ~50°C 364:368 ~50°C 364:368 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 125 theme reesei 345:350 arg1 cellulases 352:361 T. reesei cellulases 342:361 T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) 342:369 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 2 126 with rates 607:611 arg1 pretreatment 582:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 high-temperature biomass pretreatment 557:593 Lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of T. reesei cellulases (~50°C) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. 25879765 4 127 theme higher 1155:1160 arg1 temperature 1179:1189 a higher apparent melting temperature 1153:1189 a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) 1153:1210 When expressed in T. reesei, TrEGI variant G230A/D113S/D115T (G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI) had a higher apparent melting temperature (3°C increase in Tm) and improved half-life at 60°C (t1/2 = 161 hr) than the recombinant (T. reesei host) wild-type TrEGI (t1/2 = 74 hr at 60°C, Tr_TrEGI). 25879765 0 128 from temperatures 115:126 arg1 stability 93:101 stability 93:101 stability 93:101 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 0 128 from temperatures 115:126 arg1 activity 80:87 activity 80:87 activity 80:87 Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. 25879765 5 129 theme improved 1401:1408 arg1 activity 1410:1417 2-fold improved activity 1394:1417 2-fold improved activity 1394:1417 Furthermore, G230A/D113S/D115T Tr_TrEGI showed 2-fold improved activity compared to Tr_TrEGI at 65°C on solid cellulosic substrates, and was as efficient in hydrolyzing cellulose at 60°C as Tr_TrEGI was at 50°C. 25879765 9 130 from activity 2446:2453 arg1 substrates 2475:2484 solid cellulosic substrates 2458:2484 solid cellulosic substrates 2458:2484 CONCLUSION Structure-guided evolution of T. reesei EGI was used to engineer enzymes with increased thermal stability and activity on solid cellulosic substrates. 25726099 0 0 from composition 136:146 arg1 cows 161:164 lactating cows 151:164 lactating cows 151:164 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 11 1 theme silage-based 2558:2569 arg1 diets 2571:2575 grass silage-based diets 2552:2575 grass silage-based diets 2552:2575 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 4 2 theme gas 1244:1246 arg1 production 1248:1257 ruminal gas production 1236:1257 ruminal gas production 1236:1257 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 3 3 theme basal 861:865 arg1 ration 879:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 3 theme basal 861:865 arg1 treatments 984:993 treatments A and B 984:1001 treatments A and B 984:1001 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 11 4 theme ruminal 2472:2478 arg1 production 2484:2493 ruminal gas production 2472:2493 ruminal gas production 2472:2493 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 12 5 theme milk 2687:2690 arg1 constituents 2701:2712 milk and milk constituents 2687:2712 constituents 2701:2712 Dietary supplements of camelina oil decreased ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, but also lowered the yields of milk and milk constituents due to an adverse effect on intake. 25726099 1 6 theme effects 380:386 arg1 potential 194:202 The potential 190:202 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets 190:553 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 9 7 theme total 2043:2047 arg1 FA 2059:2060 total saturated FA 2043:2060 total saturated FA 2043:2060 Treatment CO decreased milk fat 8:0 to 16:0 and total saturated FA, and increased 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, conjugated linoleic acid, 18:3n-3, and trans FA concentrations. 25726099 1 8 theme live 232:235 arg1 strains 243:249 2 live yeast strains 230:249 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 230:276 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 10 9 from part 2237:2240 arg1 related 2216:2222 related 2216:2222 related 2216:2222 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 8 10 theme milk 1875:1878 arg1 composition 1883:1893 milk FA composition 1875:1893 milk FA composition 1875:1893 Treatment A had no influence on milk FA composition, whereas treatment B increased cis-9 10:1 and decreased 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations. 25726099 12 11 theme Dietary 2578:2584 arg1 supplements 2586:2596 Dietary supplements 2578:2596 Dietary supplements of camelina oil 2578:2612 Dietary supplements of camelina oil decreased ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, but also lowered the yields of milk and milk constituents due to an adverse effect on intake. 25726099 3 12 theme camelina 1030:1037 arg1 oil/kg 1039:1044 camelina oil/kg 1030:1044 camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1030:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 12 13 theme milk 2696:2699 arg1 constituents 2701:2712 milk and milk constituents 2687:2712 constituents 2701:2712 Dietary supplements of camelina oil decreased ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, but also lowered the yields of milk and milk constituents due to an adverse effect on intake. 25726099 0 14 theme grass 170:174 arg1 diets 183:187 grass silage diets 170:187 grass silage diets 170:187 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 1 15 theme animal 391:396 arg1 performance 398:408 animal performance 391:408 animal performance 391:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 9 16 theme increased 2067:2075 arg1 18:0 2077:2080 18:0 2077:2080 18:0 2077:2080 Treatment CO decreased milk fat 8:0 to 16:0 and total saturated FA, and increased 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, conjugated linoleic acid, 18:3n-3, and trans FA concentrations. 25726099 3 17 theme 60g 1023:1025 arg1 supplements 1008:1018 supplements 1008:1018 supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1008:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 17 theme 60g 1023:1025 arg1 treatments 984:993 treatments A and B 984:1001 treatments A and B 984:1001 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 17 theme 60g 1023:1025 arg1 ration 879:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 17 theme 60g 1023:1025 arg1 silage 844:849 grass silage 838:849 grass silage 838:849 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 4 18 theme nutrient 1284:1291 arg1 digestibility 1293:1305 apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility 1263:1305 apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility 1263:1305 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 11 19 theme gas 2480:2482 arg1 production 2484:2493 ruminal gas production 2472:2493 ruminal gas production 2472:2493 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 3 20 theme mixed 873:877 arg1 ration 879:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 20 theme mixed 873:877 arg1 treatments 984:993 treatments A and B 984:1001 treatments A and B 984:1001 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 1 21 from composition 506:516 arg1 performance 398:408 animal performance 391:408 animal performance 391:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 3 22 theme DM 1054:1055 arg1 oil/kg 1039:1044 camelina oil/kg 1030:1044 camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1030:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 5 23 theme CO2 1372:1374 arg1 production 1376:1385 CO2 production 1372:1385 CO2 production 1372:1385 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 0 24 theme rumen 96:100 arg1 fermentation 102:113 rumen fermentation 96:113 rumen fermentation 96:113 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 5 25 theme matter 1472:1477 arg1 alterations 1501:1511 no alterations 1498:1511 no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics 1498:1549 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 5 25 theme matter 1472:1477 arg1 changes 1554:1560 changes 1554:1560 changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1554:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 5 25 theme matter 1472:1477 arg1 digestibility 1479:1491 total-tract organic matter digestibility 1452:1491 total-tract organic matter digestibility 1452:1491 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 7 26 theme nitrogen 1785:1792 arg1 utilization 1794:1804 nitrogen utilization 1785:1804 nitrogen utilization 1785:1804 Relative to treatment B, treatment CO improved nitrogen utilization due to a lower crude protein intake. 25726099 2 27 theme 4×4 655:657 arg1 square 665:670 a 4×4 Latin square 653:670 a 4×4 Latin square 653:670 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4×4 Latin square with four 42-d periods. 25726099 7 28 theme lower 1815:1819 arg1 intake 1835:1840 a lower crude protein intake 1813:1840 a lower crude protein intake 1813:1840 Relative to treatment B, treatment CO improved nitrogen utilization due to a lower crude protein intake. 25726099 5 29 theme DM 1342:1343 arg1 intake 1345:1350 DM intake 1342:1350 DM intake 1342:1350 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 1 30 theme dioxide 336:342 arg1 production 350:359 carbon dioxide (CO2) production 329:359 carbon dioxide (CO2) production 329:359 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 5 31 theme bacteria 1592:1599 arg1 numbers 1575:1581 the total numbers 1565:1581 the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1565:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 10 32 theme CH4 2308:2310 arg1 intensity 2321:2329 ruminal CH4 emission intensity 2300:2329 ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield) 2300:2386 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 8 33 theme cis-9 1926:1930 arg1 10:1 1932:1935 cis-9 10:1 1926:1935 cis-9 10:1 1926:1935 Treatment A had no influence on milk FA composition, whereas treatment B increased cis-9 10:1 and decreased 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations. 25726099 10 34 theme treatment 2198:2206 arg1 CO 2208:2209 treatment CO 2198:2209 treatment CO 2198:2209 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 0 35 theme milk 120:123 arg1 composition 136:146 milk fatty acid composition 120:146 milk fatty acid composition 120:146 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 1 36 theme CO2 345:347 arg1 production 350:359 carbon dioxide (CO2) production 329:359 carbon dioxide (CO2) production 329:359 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 5 37 theme methanogens 1602:1612 arg1 numbers 1575:1581 the total numbers 1565:1581 the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1565:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 2 38 dep cows 592:595 arg1 d 603:603 53±7 d 598:603 53±7 d in milk 598:611 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4×4 Latin square with four 42-d periods. 25726099 10 39 from related 2216:2222 arg1 part 2237:2240 part 2237:2240 part to lowered DM intake 2237:2261 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 0 40 from production 84:93 arg1 cows 161:164 lactating cows 151:164 lactating cows 151:164 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 10 41 theme lowered 2245:2251 arg1 intake 2256:2261 lowered DM intake 2245:2261 lowered DM intake 2245:2261 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 1 42 from potential 194:202 arg1 performance 398:408 animal performance 391:408 animal performance 391:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 2 43 used used 645:648 arg2 cows 592:595 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows 570:595 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula 570:638 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4×4 Latin square with four 42-d periods. 25726099 3 44 dep [on 798:800 arg1 basis 820:824 a dry matter (DM) basis] 802:825 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 762:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 45 theme total 718:722 arg1 ration 730:735 a basal total mixed ration 710:735 a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) 710:755 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 45 theme total 718:722 arg1 treatment 746:754 control treatment 738:754 control treatment 738:754 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 46 contain containing 827:836 arg2 silage 844:849 grass silage 838:849 grass silage 838:849 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 46 contain containing 827:836 arg2 treatments 984:993 treatments A and B 984:1001 treatments A and B 984:1001 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 46 contain containing 827:836 arg2 supplements 1008:1018 supplements 1008:1018 supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1008:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 46 contain containing 827:836 arg2 ration 879:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 46 contain containing 827:836 arg1 [on 798:800 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on 762:800 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 762:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 8 47 theme 11-cyclohexyl 1951:1963 arg1 11:0 1965:1968 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations 1951:1992 11:0 1965:1968 Treatment A had no influence on milk FA composition, whereas treatment B increased cis-9 10:1 and decreased 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations. 25726099 2 48 theme rumen 626:630 arg1 cannula 632:638 rumen cannula 626:638 rumen cannula 626:638 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4×4 Latin square with four 42-d periods. 25726099 3 49 theme total 1108:1112 arg1 ration 1120:1125 the basal total mixed ration 1098:1125 the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1098:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 49 theme total 1108:1112 arg1 CO 1138:1139 treatment CO 1128:1139 treatment CO 1128:1139 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 1 50 theme oil 290:292 arg1 metabolism 469:478 nutrient metabolism 460:478 nutrient metabolism 460:478 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 50 theme oil 290:292 arg1 effects 380:386 the associated effects 365:386 the associated effects on animal performance 365:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 50 theme oil 290:292 arg1 fermentation 417:428 rumen fermentation 411:428 rumen fermentation 411:428 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 50 theme oil 290:292 arg1 supplements 215:225 dietary supplements 207:225 dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production 207:359 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 50 theme oil 290:292 arg1 composition 506:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 485:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows 485:524 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 50 theme oil 290:292 arg1 populations 447:457 rumen microbial populations 431:457 rumen microbial populations 431:457 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 12 51 theme camelina 2601:2608 arg1 oil 2610:2612 camelina oil 2601:2612 camelina oil 2601:2612 Dietary supplements of camelina oil decreased ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, but also lowered the yields of milk and milk constituents due to an adverse effect on intake. 25726099 5 52 from changes 1554:1560 arg1 numbers 1575:1581 the total numbers 1565:1581 the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1565:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 0 53 theme acid 131:134 arg1 composition 136:146 milk fatty acid composition 120:146 milk fatty acid composition 120:146 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 1 54 theme silage-based 536:547 arg1 diets 549:553 grass silage-based diets 530:553 grass silage-based diets 530:553 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 55 theme lower 297:301 arg1 CH4 320:322 CH4 320:322 CH4 320:322 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 55 theme lower 297:301 arg1 methane 311:317 lower ruminal methane 297:317 lower ruminal methane (CH4) 297:323 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 9 56 theme trans 2134:2138 arg1 concentrations 2143:2156 trans FA concentrations 2134:2156 trans FA concentrations 2134:2156 Treatment CO decreased milk fat 8:0 to 16:0 and total saturated FA, and increased 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, conjugated linoleic acid, 18:3n-3, and trans FA concentrations. 25726099 3 57 theme control 738:744 arg1 ration 730:735 a basal total mixed ration 710:735 a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) 710:755 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 57 theme control 738:744 arg1 treatment 746:754 control treatment 738:754 control treatment 738:754 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 0 58 from Effect 0:5 arg1 production 84:93 ruminal methane production 68:93 ruminal methane production 68:93 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 0 58 from Effect 0:5 arg1 fermentation 102:113 rumen fermentation 96:113 rumen fermentation 96:113 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 0 58 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 136:146 milk fatty acid composition 120:146 milk fatty acid composition 120:146 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 3 59 theme treatment 1128:1136 arg1 ration 1120:1125 the basal total mixed ration 1098:1125 the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1098:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 59 theme treatment 1128:1136 arg1 CO 1138:1139 treatment CO 1128:1139 treatment CO 1128:1139 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 0 60 theme ruminal 68:74 arg1 production 84:93 ruminal methane production 68:93 ruminal methane production 68:93 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 4 61 from effects 1194:1200 arg1 production 1248:1257 ruminal gas production 1236:1257 ruminal gas production 1236:1257 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 4 61 from effects 1194:1200 arg1 digestibility 1293:1305 apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility 1263:1305 apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility 1263:1305 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 4 61 from effects 1194:1200 arg1 intake 1208:1213 DM intake 1205:1213 DM intake 1205:1213 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 4 61 from effects 1194:1200 arg1 fermentation 1222:1233 rumen fermentation 1216:1233 rumen fermentation 1216:1233 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 3 62 theme forage-to-concentrate 770:790 arg1 [on 798:800 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on 762:800 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 762:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 10 63 theme CH4 2180:2182 arg1 production 2184:2193 ruminal CH4 production 2172:2193 ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO 2172:2209 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 5 64 from alterations 1501:1511 arg1 characteristics 1535:1549 rumen fermentation characteristics 1516:1549 rumen fermentation characteristics 1516:1549 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 9 65 theme linoleic 2106:2113 arg1 acid 2115:2118 conjugated linoleic acid 2095:2118 conjugated linoleic acid 2095:2118 Treatment CO decreased milk fat 8:0 to 16:0 and total saturated FA, and increased 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, conjugated linoleic acid, 18:3n-3, and trans FA concentrations. 25726099 1 66 from metabolism 469:478 arg1 performance 398:408 animal performance 391:408 animal performance 391:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 6 67 theme milk 1706:1709 arg1 fat 1711:1713 milk fat 1706:1713 milk fat 1706:1713 Compared with the control, treatment CO decreased the yields of milk, milk fat, lactose, and protein. 25726099 1 68 theme fatty 490:494 arg1 composition 506:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 485:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows 485:524 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 5 69 theme nonsignificant 1424:1437 arg1 decreases 1439:1447 numerical nonsignificant decreases 1414:1447 numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1414:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 1 70 theme yeast 237:241 arg1 strains 243:249 2 live yeast strains 230:249 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 230:276 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 3 71 from ingredients 1083:1093 arg1 ration 1120:1125 the basal total mixed ration 1098:1125 the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1098:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 71 from ingredients 1083:1093 arg1 CO 1138:1139 treatment CO 1128:1139 treatment CO 1128:1139 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 72 theme dry 804:806 arg1 basis 820:824 a dry matter (DM) basis] 802:825 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 762:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 11 73 dep yeasts 2417:2422 arg1 yeasts 2417:2422 live yeasts 2412:2422 live yeasts A and B 2412:2430 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 73 dep yeasts 2417:2422 arg1 B 2430:2430 B 2430:2430 B 2430:2430 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 73 dep yeasts 2417:2422 arg1 A 2424:2424 A 2424:2424 A 2424:2424 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 74 contain had 2432:2434 arg1 yeasts 2417:2422 live yeasts 2412:2422 live yeasts A and B 2412:2430 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 74 contain had 2432:2434 arg1 B 2430:2430 B 2430:2430 B 2430:2430 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 74 contain had 2432:2434 arg1 A 2424:2424 A 2424:2424 A 2424:2424 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 74 contain had 2432:2434 arg2 influence 2439:2447 no influence 2436:2447 no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets 2436:2575 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 2 75 theme Ayrshire 583:590 arg1 cows 592:595 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows 570:595 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula 570:638 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4×4 Latin square with four 42-d periods. 25726099 6 76 theme milk 1700:1703 arg1 yields 1690:1695 the yields 1686:1695 the yields of milk, milk fat, lactose, and protein 1686:1735 Compared with the control, treatment CO decreased the yields of milk, milk fat, lactose, and protein. 25726099 0 77 theme camelina 10:17 arg1 oil 19:21 camelina oil 10:21 camelina oil 10:21 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 4 78 dep treatments 1168:1177 arg1 treatments 1168:1177 treatments A and B 1168:1185 treatments A and B 1168:1185 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 4 78 dep treatments 1168:1177 arg1 B 1185:1185 B 1185:1185 B 1185:1185 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 4 78 dep treatments 1168:1177 arg1 A 1179:1179 A 1179:1179 A 1179:1179 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 10 79 theme digestible 2340:2349 arg1 intake 2366:2371 digestible organic matter intake 2340:2371 digestible organic matter intake 2340:2371 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 11 80 theme live 2412:2415 arg1 yeasts 2417:2422 live yeasts 2412:2422 live yeasts A and B 2412:2430 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 80 theme live 2412:2415 arg1 B 2430:2430 B 2430:2430 B 2430:2430 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 80 theme live 2412:2415 arg1 A 2424:2424 A 2424:2424 A 2424:2424 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 4 81 theme DM 1205:1206 arg1 intake 1208:1213 DM intake 1205:1213 DM intake 1205:1213 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 0 82 dep yeasts 31:36 arg1 cerevisiae 53:62 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 39:62 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 39:62 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 9 83 theme milk 2018:2021 arg1 fat 2023:2025 milk fat 2018:2025 milk fat 8:0 2018:2029 Treatment CO decreased milk fat 8:0 to 16:0 and total saturated FA, and increased 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, conjugated linoleic acid, 18:3n-3, and trans FA concentrations. 25726099 0 84 theme yeasts 31:36 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows 0:164 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 5 85 theme protozoa 1615:1622 arg1 numbers 1575:1581 the total numbers 1565:1581 the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1565:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 10 86 theme ruminal 2300:2306 arg1 intensity 2321:2329 ruminal CH4 emission intensity 2300:2329 ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield) 2300:2386 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 1 87 theme microbial 437:445 arg1 populations 447:457 rumen microbial populations 431:457 rumen microbial populations 431:457 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 4 88 theme total-tract 1272:1282 arg1 digestibility 1293:1305 apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility 1263:1305 apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility 1263:1305 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 10 89 theme matter 2359:2364 arg1 intake 2366:2371 digestible organic matter intake 2340:2371 digestible organic matter intake 2340:2371 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 3 90 theme grass 838:842 arg1 silage 844:849 grass silage 838:849 grass silage 838:849 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 1 91 from performance 398:408 arg1 potential 194:202 The potential 190:202 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets 190:553 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 2 92 theme 42-d 682:685 arg1 periods 687:693 four 42-d periods 677:693 four 42-d periods 677:693 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4×4 Latin square with four 42-d periods. 25726099 6 93 theme protein 1729:1735 arg1 yields 1690:1695 the yields 1686:1695 the yields of milk, milk fat, lactose, and protein 1686:1735 Compared with the control, treatment CO decreased the yields of milk, milk fat, lactose, and protein. 25726099 4 94 theme ruminal 1236:1242 arg1 production 1248:1257 ruminal gas production 1236:1257 ruminal gas production 1236:1257 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 2 95 from d 603:603 arg1 milk 608:611 milk 608:611 milk 608:611 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4×4 Latin square with four 42-d periods. 25726099 12 96 theme constituents 2701:2712 arg1 yields 2677:2682 the yields 2673:2682 the yields of milk and milk constituents 2673:2712 Dietary supplements of camelina oil decreased ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, but also lowered the yields of milk and milk constituents due to an adverse effect on intake. 25726099 0 97 theme lactating 151:159 arg1 cows 161:164 lactating cows 151:164 lactating cows 151:164 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 1 98 theme metabolism 469:478 arg1 potential 194:202 The potential 190:202 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets 190:553 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 5 99 theme organic 1464:1470 arg1 alterations 1501:1511 no alterations 1498:1511 no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics 1498:1549 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 5 99 theme organic 1464:1470 arg1 changes 1554:1560 changes 1554:1560 changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1554:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 5 99 theme organic 1464:1470 arg1 digestibility 1479:1491 total-tract organic matter digestibility 1452:1491 total-tract organic matter digestibility 1452:1491 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 1 100 theme supplements 215:225 arg1 potential 194:202 The potential 190:202 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets 190:553 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 7 101 theme treatment 1750:1758 arg1 B 1760:1760 treatment B 1750:1760 treatment B 1750:1760 Relative to treatment B, treatment CO improved nitrogen utilization due to a lower crude protein intake. 25726099 3 102 theme same 856:859 arg1 ration 879:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 102 theme same 856:859 arg1 treatments 984:993 treatments A and B 984:1001 treatments A and B 984:1001 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 10 103 theme ruminal 2172:2178 arg1 production 2184:2193 ruminal CH4 production 2172:2193 ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO 2172:2209 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 1 104 theme associated 369:378 arg1 effects 380:386 the associated effects 365:386 the associated effects on animal performance 365:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 12 105 theme CO2 2640:2642 arg1 production 2644:2653 ruminal CH4 and CO2 production 2624:2653 production 2644:2653 Dietary supplements of camelina oil decreased ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, but also lowered the yields of milk and milk constituents due to an adverse effect on intake. 25726099 0 106 theme silage 176:181 arg1 diets 183:187 grass silage diets 170:187 grass silage diets 170:187 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 3 107 theme oil/kg 1039:1044 arg1 60g 1023:1025 60g 1023:1025 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1023:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 5 108 theme ruminal 1356:1362 arg1 responses 1388:1396 responses 1388:1396 responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1388:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 5 108 theme ruminal 1356:1362 arg1 CH4 1364:1366 ruminal CH4 1356:1366 ruminal CH4 1356:1366 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 3 109 theme total 867:871 arg1 ration 879:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 the same basal total mixed ration 852:884 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 109 theme total 867:871 arg1 treatments 984:993 treatments A and B 984:1001 treatments A and B 984:1001 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 8 110 theme FA 1880:1881 arg1 composition 1883:1893 milk FA composition 1875:1893 milk FA composition 1875:1893 Treatment A had no influence on milk FA composition, whereas treatment B increased cis-9 10:1 and decreased 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations. 25726099 11 111 theme grass 2552:2556 arg1 diets 2571:2575 grass silage-based diets 2552:2575 grass silage-based diets 2552:2575 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 1 112 theme rumen 411:415 arg1 fermentation 417:428 rumen fermentation 411:428 rumen fermentation 411:428 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 5 113 theme rumen 1516:1520 arg1 characteristics 1535:1549 rumen fermentation characteristics 1516:1549 rumen fermentation characteristics 1516:1549 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 10 114 contain had 2283:2285 arg1 treatments 2272:2281 treatments 2272:2281 treatments 2272:2281 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 10 114 contain had 2283:2285 arg2 effect 2290:2295 no effect 2287:2295 no effect 2287:2295 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 2 115 theme Latin 659:663 arg1 square 665:670 a 4×4 Latin square 653:670 a 4×4 Latin square 653:670 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4×4 Latin square with four 42-d periods. 25726099 1 116 from supplements 215:225 arg1 performance 398:408 animal performance 391:408 animal performance 391:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 117 theme carbon 329:334 arg1 production 350:359 carbon dioxide (CO2) production 329:359 carbon dioxide (CO2) production 329:359 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 12 118 theme ruminal 2624:2630 arg1 CH4 2632:2634 ruminal CH4 and CO2 production 2624:2653 CH4 2632:2634 Dietary supplements of camelina oil decreased ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, but also lowered the yields of milk and milk constituents due to an adverse effect on intake. 25726099 10 119 theme emission 2312:2319 arg1 intensity 2321:2329 ruminal CH4 emission intensity 2300:2329 ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield) 2300:2386 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 8 120 theme treatment 1904:1912 arg1 B 1914:1914 treatment B 1904:1914 treatment B 1904:1914 Treatment A had no influence on milk FA composition, whereas treatment B increased cis-9 10:1 and decreased 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations. 25726099 3 121 theme diet 1049:1052 arg1 DM 1054:1055 diet DM 1049:1055 diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1049:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 12 122 from effect 2732:2737 arg1 intake 2742:2747 intake 2742:2747 intake 2742:2747 Dietary supplements of camelina oil decreased ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, but also lowered the yields of milk and milk constituents due to an adverse effect on intake. 25726099 0 123 theme fatty 125:129 arg1 composition 136:146 milk fatty acid composition 120:146 milk fatty acid composition 120:146 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 9 124 theme conjugated 2095:2104 arg1 acid 2115:2118 conjugated linoleic acid 2095:2118 conjugated linoleic acid 2095:2118 Treatment CO decreased milk fat 8:0 to 16:0 and total saturated FA, and increased 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, conjugated linoleic acid, 18:3n-3, and trans FA concentrations. 25726099 1 125 dep strains 243:249 arg1 cerevisiae 266:275 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 252:275 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 252:275 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 10 126 theme organic 2351:2357 arg1 intake 2366:2371 digestible organic matter intake 2340:2371 digestible organic matter intake 2340:2371 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 12 127 theme adverse 2724:2730 arg1 effect 2732:2737 an adverse effect 2721:2737 an adverse effect on intake 2721:2747 Dietary supplements of camelina oil decreased ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, but also lowered the yields of milk and milk constituents due to an adverse effect on intake. 25726099 1 128 theme composition 506:516 arg1 potential 194:202 The potential 190:202 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets 190:553 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 10 129 from Decreases 2159:2167 arg1 production 2184:2193 ruminal CH4 production 2172:2193 ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO 2172:2209 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 3 130 theme concentrate 1071:1081 arg1 ingredients 1083:1093 concentrate ingredients 1071:1093 concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1071:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 1 131 theme cows 521:524 arg1 metabolism 469:478 nutrient metabolism 460:478 nutrient metabolism 460:478 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 131 theme cows 521:524 arg1 effects 380:386 the associated effects 365:386 the associated effects on animal performance 365:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 131 theme cows 521:524 arg1 fermentation 417:428 rumen fermentation 411:428 rumen fermentation 411:428 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 131 theme cows 521:524 arg1 supplements 215:225 dietary supplements 207:225 dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production 207:359 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 131 theme cows 521:524 arg1 composition 506:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 485:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows 485:524 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 131 theme cows 521:524 arg1 populations 447:457 rumen microbial populations 431:457 rumen microbial populations 431:457 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 12 132 theme oil 2610:2612 arg1 supplements 2586:2596 Dietary supplements 2578:2596 Dietary supplements of camelina oil 2578:2612 Dietary supplements of camelina oil decreased ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, but also lowered the yields of milk and milk constituents due to an adverse effect on intake. 25726099 7 133 theme protein 1827:1833 arg1 intake 1835:1840 a lower crude protein intake 1813:1840 a lower crude protein intake 1813:1840 Relative to treatment B, treatment CO improved nitrogen utilization due to a lower crude protein intake. 25726099 3 134 theme mixed 724:728 arg1 ration 730:735 a basal total mixed ration 710:735 a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) 710:755 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 134 theme mixed 724:728 arg1 treatment 746:754 control treatment 738:754 control treatment 738:754 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 10 135 theme milk 2376:2379 arg1 yield 2381:2385 milk yield 2376:2385 milk yield 2376:2385 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 3 136 theme mixed 1114:1118 arg1 ration 1120:1125 the basal total mixed ration 1098:1125 the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1098:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 136 theme mixed 1114:1118 arg1 CO 1138:1139 treatment CO 1128:1139 treatment CO 1128:1139 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 1 137 theme grass 530:534 arg1 diets 549:553 grass silage-based diets 530:553 grass silage-based diets 530:553 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 11 138 from influence 2439:2447 arg1 production 2484:2493 ruminal gas production 2472:2493 ruminal gas production 2472:2493 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 138 from influence 2439:2447 arg1 fermentation 2502:2513 rumen fermentation 2496:2513 rumen fermentation 2496:2513 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 138 from influence 2439:2447 arg1 cows 2543:2546 cows 2543:2546 cows fed grass silage-based diets 2543:2575 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 138 from influence 2439:2447 arg1 performance 2459:2469 animal performance 2452:2469 animal performance 2452:2469 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 11 138 from influence 2439:2447 arg1 utilization 2528:2538 nutrient utilization 2519:2538 nutrient utilization 2519:2538 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 10 139 theme intake 2366:2371 arg1 yield 2381:2385 milk yield 2376:2385 milk yield 2376:2385 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 10 139 theme intake 2366:2371 arg1 g/kg 2332:2335 g/kg 2332:2335 g/kg of digestible organic matter intake 2332:2371 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 2 140 theme Finnish 575:581 arg1 cows 592:595 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows 570:595 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula 570:638 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4×4 Latin square with four 42-d periods. 25726099 3 141 theme basal 1102:1106 arg1 ration 1120:1125 the basal total mixed ration 1098:1125 the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 1098:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 141 theme basal 1102:1106 arg1 CO 1138:1139 treatment CO 1128:1139 treatment CO 1128:1139 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 142 theme basal 712:716 arg1 ration 730:735 a basal total mixed ration 710:735 a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) 710:755 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 142 theme basal 712:716 arg1 treatment 746:754 control treatment 738:754 control treatment 738:754 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 0 143 theme methane 76:82 arg1 production 84:93 ruminal methane production 68:93 ruminal methane production 68:93 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 1 144 theme ruminal 303:309 arg1 CH4 320:322 CH4 320:322 CH4 320:322 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 144 theme ruminal 303:309 arg1 methane 311:317 lower ruminal methane 297:317 lower ruminal methane (CH4) 297:323 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 9 145 theme FA 2140:2141 arg1 concentrations 2143:2156 trans FA concentrations 2134:2156 trans FA concentrations 2134:2156 Treatment CO decreased milk fat 8:0 to 16:0 and total saturated FA, and increased 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, conjugated linoleic acid, 18:3n-3, and trans FA concentrations. 25726099 5 146 theme fermentation 1522:1533 arg1 characteristics 1535:1549 rumen fermentation characteristics 1516:1549 rumen fermentation characteristics 1516:1549 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 11 147 theme animal 2452:2457 arg1 performance 2459:2469 animal performance 2452:2469 animal performance 2452:2469 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 6 148 theme lactose 1716:1722 arg1 yields 1690:1695 the yields 1686:1695 the yields of milk, milk fat, lactose, and protein 1686:1735 Compared with the control, treatment CO decreased the yields of milk, milk fat, lactose, and protein. 25726099 10 149 dep intensity 2321:2329 arg1 yield 2381:2385 milk yield 2376:2385 milk yield 2376:2385 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 10 149 dep intensity 2321:2329 arg1 g/kg 2332:2335 g/kg 2332:2335 g/kg of digestible organic matter intake 2332:2371 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 3 150 theme ratio 792:796 arg1 [on 798:800 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on 762:800 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 762:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 2 151 theme 53±7 598:601 arg1 d 603:603 53±7 d 598:603 53±7 d in milk 598:611 Four Finnish Ayrshire cows (53±7 d in milk) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4×4 Latin square with four 42-d periods. 25726099 6 152 theme fat 1711:1713 arg1 yields 1690:1695 the yields 1686:1695 the yields of milk, milk fat, lactose, and protein 1686:1735 Compared with the control, treatment CO decreased the yields of milk, milk fat, lactose, and protein. 25726099 1 153 theme milk 485:488 arg1 composition 506:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 485:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows 485:524 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 5 154 theme numerical 1414:1422 arg1 decreases 1439:1447 numerical nonsignificant decreases 1414:1447 numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1414:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 3 155 theme live 911:914 arg1 yeasts 916:921 1 of 2 live yeasts 904:921 1 of 2 live yeasts 904:921 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 155 theme live 911:914 arg1 B 929:929 B 929:929 B 929:929 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 155 theme live 911:914 arg1 A 924:924 A 924:924 A 924:924 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 156 theme 50:50 764:768 arg1 [on 798:800 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on 762:800 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 762:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 1 157 from populations 447:457 arg1 performance 398:408 animal performance 391:408 animal performance 391:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 10 158 theme DM 2253:2254 arg1 intake 2256:2261 lowered DM intake 2245:2261 lowered DM intake 2245:2261 Decreases in ruminal CH4 production to treatment CO were related, at least in part to lowered DM intake, whereas treatments had no effect on ruminal CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of digestible organic matter intake or milk yield). 25726099 1 159 theme acid 496:499 arg1 composition 506:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 485:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows 485:524 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 4 160 theme rumen 1216:1220 arg1 fermentation 1222:1233 rumen fermentation 1216:1233 rumen fermentation 1216:1233 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 0 161 theme oil 19:21 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows 0:164 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 1 162 theme strains 243:249 arg1 metabolism 469:478 nutrient metabolism 460:478 nutrient metabolism 460:478 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 162 theme strains 243:249 arg1 effects 380:386 the associated effects 365:386 the associated effects on animal performance 365:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 162 theme strains 243:249 arg1 fermentation 417:428 rumen fermentation 411:428 rumen fermentation 411:428 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 162 theme strains 243:249 arg1 supplements 215:225 dietary supplements 207:225 dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production 207:359 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 162 theme strains 243:249 arg1 composition 506:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 485:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows 485:524 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 162 theme strains 243:249 arg1 populations 447:457 rumen microbial populations 431:457 rumen microbial populations 431:457 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 11 163 theme rumen 2496:2500 arg1 fermentation 2502:2513 rumen fermentation 2496:2513 rumen fermentation 2496:2513 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 3 164 theme matter 808:813 arg1 basis 820:824 a dry matter (DM) basis] 802:825 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 762:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 5 165 theme total 1569:1573 arg1 numbers 1575:1581 the total numbers 1565:1581 the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1565:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 8 166 contain had 1855:1857 arg1 A 1853:1853 Treatment A 1843:1853 Treatment A 1843:1853 Treatment A had no influence on milk FA composition, whereas treatment B increased cis-9 10:1 and decreased 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations. 25726099 8 166 contain had 1855:1857 arg2 influence 1862:1870 no influence 1859:1870 no influence 1859:1870 Treatment A had no influence on milk FA composition, whereas treatment B increased cis-9 10:1 and decreased 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations. 25726099 5 167 theme fungi 1629:1633 arg1 numbers 1575:1581 the total numbers 1565:1581 the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1565:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 1 168 theme FA 502:503 arg1 composition 506:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition 485:516 milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows 485:524 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 8 169 theme Treatment 1843:1851 arg1 A 1853:1853 Treatment A 1843:1853 Treatment A 1843:1853 Treatment A had no influence on milk FA composition, whereas treatment B increased cis-9 10:1 and decreased 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations. 25726099 0 170 theme live 26:29 arg1 yeasts 31:36 live yeasts 26:36 live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 26:63 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 1 171 from fermentation 417:428 arg1 performance 398:408 animal performance 391:408 animal performance 391:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 1 172 theme fermentation 417:428 arg1 potential 194:202 The potential 190:202 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets 190:553 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 3 173 dep treatments 984:993 arg1 B 1001:1001 B 1001:1001 B 1001:1001 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 3 173 dep treatments 984:993 arg1 A 995:995 A 995:995 A 995:995 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 11 174 theme nutrient 2519:2526 arg1 utilization 2528:2538 nutrient utilization 2519:2538 nutrient utilization 2519:2538 Results indicated that live yeasts A and B had no influence on animal performance, ruminal gas production, rumen fermentation, or nutrient utilization in cows fed grass silage-based diets. 25726099 8 175 theme 24:0 1974:1977 arg1 concentrations 1979:1992 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations 1951:1992 concentrations 1979:1992 Treatment A had no influence on milk FA composition, whereas treatment B increased cis-9 10:1 and decreased 11-cyclohexyl 11:0 and 24:0 concentrations. 25726099 1 176 theme rumen 431:435 arg1 populations 447:457 rumen microbial populations 431:457 rumen microbial populations 431:457 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 9 177 theme fat 2023:2025 arg1 8:0 2027:2029 milk fat 8:0 2018:2029 milk fat 8:0 2018:2029 Treatment CO decreased milk fat 8:0 to 16:0 and total saturated FA, and increased 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, conjugated linoleic acid, 18:3n-3, and trans FA concentrations. 25726099 1 178 theme camelina 281:288 arg1 oil 290:292 camelina oil 281:292 camelina oil 281:292 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 3 179 theme DM 816:817 arg1 basis 820:824 a dry matter (DM) basis] 802:825 a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO) 762:1140 Cows received a basal total mixed ration (control treatment) with a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio [on a dry matter (DM) basis] containing grass silage, the same basal total mixed ration supplemented with 1 of 2 live yeasts, A or B, administered directly in the rumen at 10(10) cfu/d (treatments A and B), or supplements of 60g of camelina oil/kg of diet DM that replaced concentrate ingredients in the basal total mixed ration (treatment CO). 25726099 4 180 contain had 1187:1189 arg1 treatments 1168:1177 treatments A and B 1168:1185 treatments A and B 1168:1185 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 4 180 contain had 1187:1189 arg1 B 1185:1185 B 1185:1185 B 1185:1185 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 4 180 contain had 1187:1189 arg1 A 1179:1179 A 1179:1179 A 1179:1179 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 4 180 contain had 1187:1189 arg2 effects 1194:1200 no effects 1191:1200 no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility 1191:1305 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 1 181 theme populations 447:457 arg1 potential 194:202 The potential 190:202 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets 190:553 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 4 182 theme apparent 1263:1270 arg1 digestibility 1293:1305 apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility 1263:1305 apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility 1263:1305 Relative to the control, treatments A and B had no effects on DM intake, rumen fermentation, ruminal gas production, or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. 25726099 9 183 theme saturated 2049:2057 arg1 FA 2059:2060 total saturated FA 2043:2060 total saturated FA 2043:2060 Treatment CO decreased milk fat 8:0 to 16:0 and total saturated FA, and increased 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, conjugated linoleic acid, 18:3n-3, and trans FA concentrations. 25726099 7 184 theme crude 1821:1825 arg1 intake 1835:1840 a lower crude protein intake 1813:1840 a lower crude protein intake 1813:1840 Relative to treatment B, treatment CO improved nitrogen utilization due to a lower crude protein intake. 25726099 5 185 from decreases 1439:1447 arg1 alterations 1501:1511 no alterations 1498:1511 no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics 1498:1549 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 5 185 from decreases 1439:1447 arg1 changes 1554:1560 changes 1554:1560 changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1554:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 5 185 from decreases 1439:1447 arg1 digestibility 1479:1491 total-tract organic matter digestibility 1452:1491 total-tract organic matter digestibility 1452:1491 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 1 186 from effects 380:386 arg1 performance 398:408 animal performance 391:408 animal performance 391:408 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 0 187 from fermentation 102:113 arg1 cows 161:164 lactating cows 151:164 lactating cows 151:164 Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets. 25726099 1 188 theme nutrient 460:467 arg1 metabolism 469:478 nutrient metabolism 460:478 nutrient metabolism 460:478 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 25726099 5 189 theme total-tract 1452:1462 arg1 alterations 1501:1511 no alterations 1498:1511 no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics 1498:1549 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 5 189 theme total-tract 1452:1462 arg1 changes 1554:1560 changes 1554:1560 changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi 1554:1633 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 5 189 theme total-tract 1452:1462 arg1 digestibility 1479:1491 total-tract organic matter digestibility 1452:1491 total-tract organic matter digestibility 1452:1491 In contrast, treatment CO lowered DM intake and ruminal CH4 and CO2 production, responses associated with numerical nonsignificant decreases in total-tract organic matter digestibility, but no alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics or changes in the total numbers of rumen bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi. 25726099 1 190 theme dietary 207:213 arg1 supplements 215:225 dietary supplements 207:225 dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production 207:359 The potential of dietary supplements of 2 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or camelina oil to lower ruminal methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the associated effects on animal performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbial populations, nutrient metabolism, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of cows fed grass silage-based diets were examined. 29040501 0 0 theme Spodoptera 80:89 arg1 litura 91:96 Spodoptera litura 80:96 Spodoptera litura 80:96 Tissue damage induced midgut stem cell proliferation and microbial dysbiosis in Spodoptera litura. 29040501 8 1 theme monoassociated 1007:1020 arg1 insects 1022:1028 Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects 978:1028 Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects 978:1028 We observed that Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects exhibit inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium and hyperproliferation of stem cells under stress conditions. 29040501 10 2 theme axenic 1367:1372 arg1 insects 1374:1380 axenic insects 1367:1380 axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet 1367:1412 However, we failed to detect phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet. 29040501 2 3 theme leaf 324:327 arg1 organism 368:375 a model organism 360:375 a model organism 360:375 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 2 3 theme leaf 324:327 arg1 litura 350:355 the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura 320:355 the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura 320:355 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 7 4 theme midgut 842:847 arg1 inflammation 849:860 midgut inflammation 842:860 midgut inflammation 842:860 To assess the role played by gut residents in midgut inflammation, we re-colonized the axenic insects with Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter individually. 29040501 8 5 theme Enterobacter 994:1005 arg1 insects 1022:1028 Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects 978:1028 Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects 978:1028 We observed that Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects exhibit inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium and hyperproliferation of stem cells under stress conditions. 29040501 6 6 theme subclass 766:773 arg1 Gammaproteobacteria 775:793 subclass Gammaproteobacteria 766:793 subclass Gammaproteobacteria 766:793 belonging to subclass Gammaproteobacteria. 29040501 3 7 dep sulfate 552:558 arg1 salt 567:570 sodium salt 560:570 sodium salt 560:570 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 7 8 theme gut 825:827 arg1 residents 829:837 gut residents 825:837 gut residents 825:837 To assess the role played by gut residents in midgut inflammation, we re-colonized the axenic insects with Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter individually. 29040501 11 9 from abundance 1487:1495 arg1 low 1480:1482 low 1480:1482 low 1480:1482 Our results highlight that gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions can exert modulatory (positive or negative) effects on host fitness in the presence of stimulator. 29040501 4 10 dep phylotypes 669:678 arg1 sp. 693:695 Enterobacter sp. 680:695 Enterobacter sp. 680:695 It primarily corresponds to an expansion of the bacterial phylotypes Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp. 29040501 4 10 dep phylotypes 669:678 arg1 sp. 710:712 Pseudomonas sp. 698:712 Pseudomonas sp. 698:712 It primarily corresponds to an expansion of the bacterial phylotypes Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp. 29040501 4 10 dep phylotypes 669:678 arg1 sp 727:728 Escherichia sp 715:728 Escherichia sp 715:728 It primarily corresponds to an expansion of the bacterial phylotypes Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp. 29040501 2 11 theme possible 241:248 arg1 link 250:253 a possible link 239:253 a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism 239:375 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 4 12 theme bacterial 659:667 arg1 phylotypes 669:678 the bacterial phylotypes Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp 655:728 the bacterial phylotypes Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp 655:728 It primarily corresponds to an expansion of the bacterial phylotypes Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp. 29040501 3 13 theme gut 457:459 arg1 composition 472:482 the gut microbiota composition 453:482 the gut microbiota composition 453:482 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 10 14 theme DSS-supplemented 1392:1407 arg1 diet 1409:1412 DSS-supplemented diet 1392:1412 DSS-supplemented diet 1392:1412 However, we failed to detect phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet. 29040501 8 15 theme inflammatory 1038:1049 arg1 effects 1051:1057 inflammatory effects 1038:1057 inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium 1038:1087 We observed that Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects exhibit inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium and hyperproliferation of stem cells under stress conditions. 29040501 11 16 theme host 1588:1591 arg1 fitness 1593:1599 host fitness 1588:1599 host fitness in the presence of stimulator 1588:1629 Our results highlight that gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions can exert modulatory (positive or negative) effects on host fitness in the presence of stimulator. 29040501 4 17 theme Escherichia 715:725 arg1 sp. 693:695 Enterobacter sp. 680:695 Enterobacter sp. 680:695 It primarily corresponds to an expansion of the bacterial phylotypes Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp. 29040501 4 17 theme Escherichia 715:725 arg1 sp 727:728 Escherichia sp 715:728 Escherichia sp 715:728 It primarily corresponds to an expansion of the bacterial phylotypes Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp. 29040501 10 18 theme inflammatory 1285:1296 arg1 changes 1298:1304 phenotypic inflammatory changes 1274:1304 phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet 1274:1412 However, we failed to detect phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet. 29040501 9 19 theme inflammatory 1216:1227 arg1 effects 1229:1235 inflammatory effects 1216:1235 inflammatory effects of DSS 1216:1242 Conversely, Acinetobacter promotes fitness in larvae and reduces inflammatory effects of DSS. 29040501 3 20 theme dextran 544:550 arg1 agent 591:595 a tissue damaging agent 573:595 a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD) 573:608 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 3 20 theme dextran 544:550 arg1 sulfate 552:558 dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD) 544:608 sulfate 552:558 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 10 21 theme phenotypic 1274:1283 arg1 changes 1298:1304 phenotypic inflammatory changes 1274:1304 phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet 1274:1412 However, we failed to detect phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet. 29040501 0 22 theme Tissue 0:5 arg1 damage 7:12 Tissue damage 0:12 Tissue damage 0:12 Tissue damage induced midgut stem cell proliferation and microbial dysbiosis in Spodoptera litura. 29040501 11 23 dep modulatory 1543:1552 arg1 negative 1567:1574 negative 1567:1574 negative 1567:1574 Our results highlight that gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions can exert modulatory (positive or negative) effects on host fitness in the presence of stimulator. 29040501 11 23 dep modulatory 1543:1552 arg1 positive 1555:1562 positive 1555:1562 positive 1555:1562 Our results highlight that gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions can exert modulatory (positive or negative) effects on host fitness in the presence of stimulator. 29040501 2 24 theme microbial 267:275 arg1 dynamics 277:284 gut microbial dynamics 263:284 gut microbial dynamics 263:284 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 2 25 theme Spodoptera 339:348 arg1 organism 368:375 a model organism 360:375 a model organism 360:375 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 2 25 theme Spodoptera 339:348 arg1 litura 350:355 the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura 320:355 the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura 320:355 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 0 26 theme midgut 22:27 arg1 proliferation 39:51 midgut stem cell proliferation 22:51 midgut stem cell proliferation 22:51 Tissue damage induced midgut stem cell proliferation and microbial dysbiosis in Spodoptera litura. 29040501 8 27 theme gut 1074:1076 arg1 epithelium 1078:1087 gut epithelium 1074:1087 gut epithelium 1074:1087 We observed that Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects exhibit inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium and hyperproliferation of stem cells under stress conditions. 29040501 7 28 theme axenic 883:888 arg1 insects 890:896 the axenic insects 879:896 the axenic insects 879:896 To assess the role played by gut residents in midgut inflammation, we re-colonized the axenic insects with Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter individually. 29040501 2 29 theme gut 263:265 arg1 dynamics 277:284 gut microbial dynamics 263:284 gut microbial dynamics 263:284 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 3 30 theme i.e. 434:437 arg1 alteration 439:448 dysbiosis i.e. alteration 424:448 dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD) 424:608 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 10 31 theme stem 1340:1343 arg1 proliferation 1350:1362 stem cell proliferation 1340:1362 stem cell proliferation 1340:1362 However, we failed to detect phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet. 29040501 9 32 theme DSS 1240:1242 arg1 effects 1229:1235 inflammatory effects 1216:1235 inflammatory effects of DSS 1216:1242 Conversely, Acinetobacter promotes fitness in larvae and reduces inflammatory effects of DSS. 29040501 10 33 theme epithelium 1318:1327 arg1 damage 1329:1334 midgut epithelium damage 1311:1334 midgut epithelium damage 1311:1334 However, we failed to detect phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet. 29040501 0 34 theme cell 34:37 arg1 proliferation 39:51 midgut stem cell proliferation 22:51 midgut stem cell proliferation 22:51 Tissue damage induced midgut stem cell proliferation and microbial dysbiosis in Spodoptera litura. 29040501 11 35 from low 1480:1482 arg1 abundance 1487:1495 abundance 1487:1495 abundance 1487:1495 Our results highlight that gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions can exert modulatory (positive or negative) effects on host fitness in the presence of stimulator. 29040501 10 36 theme midgut 1311:1316 arg1 damage 1329:1334 midgut epithelium damage 1311:1334 midgut epithelium damage 1311:1334 However, we failed to detect phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet. 29040501 3 37 dep agent 591:595 arg1 DSS 598:600 DSS 598:600 DSS 598:600 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 3 37 dep agent 591:595 arg1 kD 606:607 40 kD 603:607 40 kD 603:607 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 0 38 theme stem 29:32 arg1 proliferation 39:51 midgut stem cell proliferation 22:51 midgut stem cell proliferation 22:51 Tissue damage induced midgut stem cell proliferation and microbial dysbiosis in Spodoptera litura. 29040501 1 39 from cause 173:177 arg1 homeostasis 210:220 intestinal homeostasis 199:220 intestinal homeostasis 199:220 In the past decade, gut microbiota has come to the fore in search for the cause of disregulation in intestinal homeostasis. 29040501 3 40 theme dysbiosis 424:432 arg1 alteration 439:448 dysbiosis i.e. alteration 424:448 dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD) 424:608 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 5 41 theme Acinetobacter 735:747 arg1 sp 749:750 Acinetobacter sp 735:750 Acinetobacter sp 735:750 and Acinetobacter sp. 29040501 3 42 theme sodium 560:565 arg1 salt 567:570 sodium salt 560:570 sodium salt 560:570 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 1 43 theme past 106:109 arg1 decade 111:116 the past decade 102:116 the past decade 102:116 In the past decade, gut microbiota has come to the fore in search for the cause of disregulation in intestinal homeostasis. 29040501 10 44 from changes 1298:1304 arg1 insects 1374:1380 axenic insects 1367:1380 axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet 1367:1412 However, we failed to detect phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet. 29040501 10 45 theme cell 1345:1348 arg1 proliferation 1350:1362 stem cell proliferation 1340:1362 stem cell proliferation 1340:1362 However, we failed to detect phenotypic inflammatory changes like midgut epithelium damage and stem cell proliferation in axenic insects reared on DSS-supplemented diet. 29040501 3 46 theme microbiota 461:470 arg1 composition 472:482 the gut microbiota composition 453:482 the gut microbiota composition 453:482 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 11 47 theme typical 1514:1520 arg1 conditions 1522:1531 typical conditions 1514:1531 typical conditions 1514:1531 Our results highlight that gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions can exert modulatory (positive or negative) effects on host fitness in the presence of stimulator. 29040501 8 48 theme Pseudomonas 978:988 arg1 insects 1022:1028 Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects 978:1028 Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects 978:1028 We observed that Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects exhibit inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium and hyperproliferation of stem cells under stress conditions. 29040501 8 49 theme cells 1120:1124 arg1 effects 1051:1057 inflammatory effects 1038:1057 inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium 1038:1087 We observed that Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects exhibit inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium and hyperproliferation of stem cells under stress conditions. 29040501 8 49 theme cells 1120:1124 arg1 hyperproliferation 1093:1110 hyperproliferation 1093:1110 hyperproliferation of stem cells 1093:1124 We observed that Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects exhibit inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium and hyperproliferation of stem cells under stress conditions. 29040501 3 50 from alteration 439:448 arg1 composition 472:482 the gut microbiota composition 453:482 the gut microbiota composition 453:482 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 2 51 theme stress-inducing 290:304 arg1 factors 306:312 stress-inducing factors 290:312 stress-inducing factors 290:312 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 1 52 theme disregulation 182:194 arg1 cause 173:177 the cause 169:177 the cause of disregulation in intestinal homeostasis 169:220 In the past decade, gut microbiota has come to the fore in search for the cause of disregulation in intestinal homeostasis. 29040501 8 53 theme stem 1115:1118 arg1 cells 1120:1124 stem cells 1115:1124 stem cells 1115:1124 We observed that Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects exhibit inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium and hyperproliferation of stem cells under stress conditions. 29040501 11 54 from fitness 1593:1599 arg1 presence 1608:1615 the presence 1604:1615 the presence of stimulator 1604:1629 Our results highlight that gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions can exert modulatory (positive or negative) effects on host fitness in the presence of stimulator. 29040501 1 55 theme gut 119:121 arg1 microbiota 123:132 gut microbiota 119:132 gut microbiota 119:132 In the past decade, gut microbiota has come to the fore in search for the cause of disregulation in intestinal homeostasis. 29040501 4 56 theme phylotypes 669:678 arg1 expansion 642:650 an expansion 639:650 an expansion of the bacterial phylotypes Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp 639:728 It primarily corresponds to an expansion of the bacterial phylotypes Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp. 29040501 8 57 theme stress 1132:1137 arg1 conditions 1139:1148 stress conditions 1132:1148 stress conditions 1132:1148 We observed that Pseudomonas and Enterobacter monoassociated insects exhibit inflammatory effects like damage to gut epithelium and hyperproliferation of stem cells under stress conditions. 29040501 2 58 theme model 362:366 arg1 organism 368:375 a model organism 360:375 a model organism 360:375 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 2 58 theme model 362:366 arg1 litura 350:355 the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura 320:355 the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura 320:355 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 3 59 theme tissue 575:580 arg1 agent 591:595 a tissue damaging agent 573:595 a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD) 573:608 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 3 59 theme tissue 575:580 arg1 sulfate 552:558 dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD) 544:608 sulfate 552:558 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 2 60 theme moth 334:337 arg1 organism 368:375 a model organism 360:375 a model organism 360:375 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 2 60 theme moth 334:337 arg1 litura 350:355 the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura 320:355 the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura 320:355 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 1 61 theme intestinal 199:208 arg1 homeostasis 210:220 intestinal homeostasis 199:220 intestinal homeostasis 199:220 In the past decade, gut microbiota has come to the fore in search for the cause of disregulation in intestinal homeostasis. 29040501 0 62 theme microbial 57:65 arg1 dysbiosis 67:75 microbial dysbiosis 57:75 microbial dysbiosis 57:75 Tissue damage induced midgut stem cell proliferation and microbial dysbiosis in Spodoptera litura. 29040501 9 63 from fitness 1186:1192 arg1 larvae 1197:1202 larvae 1197:1202 larvae 1197:1202 Conversely, Acinetobacter promotes fitness in larvae and reduces inflammatory effects of DSS. 29040501 3 64 theme damaging 582:589 arg1 agent 591:595 a tissue damaging agent 573:595 a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD) 573:608 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 3 64 theme damaging 582:589 arg1 sulfate 552:558 dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD) 544:608 sulfate 552:558 Investigation reveals that S. litura exhibits dysbiosis i.e. alteration in the gut microbiota composition that might induce or suppress inflammation upon exposure to dextran sulfate sodium salt, a tissue damaging agent (DSS, 40 kD). 29040501 11 65 theme stimulator 1620:1629 arg1 presence 1608:1615 the presence 1604:1615 the presence of stimulator 1604:1629 Our results highlight that gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions can exert modulatory (positive or negative) effects on host fitness in the presence of stimulator. 29040501 2 66 theme worm 329:332 arg1 organism 368:375 a model organism 360:375 a model organism 360:375 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 2 66 theme worm 329:332 arg1 litura 350:355 the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura 320:355 the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura 320:355 Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. 29040501 11 67 theme modulatory 1543:1552 arg1 effects 1577:1583 modulatory (positive or negative) effects 1543:1583 modulatory (positive or negative) effects 1543:1583 Our results highlight that gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions can exert modulatory (positive or negative) effects on host fitness in the presence of stimulator. 29040501 11 68 theme gut 1442:1444 arg1 commensals 1446:1455 gut commensals 1442:1455 gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions 1442:1531 Our results highlight that gut commensals that apparently remain low in abundance and benign under typical conditions can exert modulatory (positive or negative) effects on host fitness in the presence of stimulator. 25070219 7 0 dep weeks 814:818 arg1 up 808:809 up 808:809 up 808:809 The CMF-treated group was subjected to CMF stimulation from the third postoperative day for 30 minutes per day up to weeks 8 or 16. 25070219 11 1 dep bone 1381:1384 arg1 the 1364:1366 the 1364:1366 the 1364:1366 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 12 2 theme control 1764:1770 arg1 group 1772:1776 the control group 1760:1776 the control group 1760:1776 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 14 3 theme ± 2089:2089 arg1 J 2096:2096 0.87 ± 0.17 J 2084:2096 0.87 ± 0.17 J 2084:2096 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 9 4 theme safranin 1204:1211 arg1 sections 1223:1230 safranin O-stained sections 1204:1230 safranin O-stained sections 1204:1230 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 7 5 theme third 761:765 arg1 day 781:783 the third postoperative day 757:783 the third postoperative day for 30 minutes per day up to weeks 8 or 16 757:826 The CMF-treated group was subjected to CMF stimulation from the third postoperative day for 30 minutes per day up to weeks 8 or 16. 25070219 9 6 theme formed 953:958 arg1 bone 960:963 newly formed bone 947:963 newly formed bone 947:963 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 16 7 dep RELEVANCE 2365:2373 arg1 demonstrate 2389:2399 demonstrate 2389:2399 demonstrate the feasibility of using CMFs for stimulating bone-tendon healing after repair 2389:2478 CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results demonstrate the feasibility of using CMFs for stimulating bone-tendon healing after repair. 25070219 11 8 theme fibrocartilage 1402:1415 arg1 zone 1417:1420 regenerated fibrocartilage zone 1390:1420 regenerated fibrocartilage zone 1390:1420 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 2 9 theme healing 272:278 arg1 fractures 288:296 healing problem fractures 272:296 healing problem fractures 272:296 Stimuli from CMFs has proved to be an effective tool for healing problem fractures and spinal fusion procedures. 25070219 1 10 theme sinusoidal 162:171 arg1 field 182:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 15 11 theme junction 2319:2326 arg1 injuries 2328:2335 bone-tendon junction injuries 2307:2335 bone-tendon junction injuries 2307:2335 CONCLUSION Biophysical stimulation with CMFs enhances healing after bone-tendon junction injuries in a rabbit model. 25070219 12 12 theme fibrocartilage 1721:1734 arg1 cells 1736:1740 fibrocartilage cells 1721:1740 fibrocartilage cells 1721:1740 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 9 13 theme fibrocartilage 986:999 arg1 area 939:942 The area 935:942 The area of newly formed bone 935:963 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 9 13 theme fibrocartilage 986:999 arg1 thickness 973:981 the thickness 969:981 the thickness of fibrocartilage 969:999 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 1 14 theme field 182:186 arg1 field 182:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 14 theme field 182:186 arg1 field 208:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 14 theme field 182:186 arg1 field 122:126 A combined magnetic field 102:126 A combined magnetic field (CMF) 102:132 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 14 theme field 182:186 arg1 composite 139:147 a composite 137:147 a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field 137:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 3 15 theme repair 419:424 arg1 healing 387:393 healing 387:393 healing of bone-tendon junction repair 387:424 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology will enhance healing of bone-tendon junction repair via endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone. 25070219 11 16 theme CMF-treated 1429:1439 arg1 group 1441:1445 the CMF-treated group 1425:1445 the CMF-treated group 1425:1445 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 5 17 theme mature 563:568 arg1 rabbits 570:576 Forty-eight mature rabbits 551:576 Forty-eight mature rabbits 551:576 METHODS Forty-eight mature rabbits were randomly divided into CMF-treated and placebo-treated (control) groups. 25070219 12 18 theme CMF-treated 1583:1593 arg1 group 1595:1599 the CMF-treated group 1579:1599 the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16 1579:1624 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 9 19 theme hematoxylin 1018:1028 arg1 sections 1084:1091 hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections 1018:1091 hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections 1018:1091 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 7 20 theme CMF-treated 701:711 arg1 group 713:717 The CMF-treated group 697:717 The CMF-treated group 697:717 The CMF-treated group was subjected to CMF stimulation from the third postoperative day for 30 minutes per day up to weeks 8 or 16. 25070219 9 21 theme eosin-stained 1034:1046 arg1 sections 1048:1055 eosin-stained sections 1034:1055 eosin-stained sections 1034:1055 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 15 22 with stimulation 2262:2272 arg1 CMFs 2279:2282 CMFs 2279:2282 CMFs 2279:2282 CONCLUSION Biophysical stimulation with CMFs enhances healing after bone-tendon junction injuries in a rabbit model. 25070219 6 23 theme patellectomy 665:676 arg1 model 678:682 A partial patellectomy model 655:682 A partial patellectomy model 655:682 A partial patellectomy model was created. 25070219 11 24 from zone 1417:1420 arg1 group 1441:1445 the CMF-treated group 1425:1445 the CMF-treated group 1425:1445 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 15 25 theme Biophysical 2250:2260 arg1 stimulation 2262:2272 CONCLUSION Biophysical stimulation 2239:2272 CONCLUSION Biophysical stimulation with CMFs 2239:2282 CONCLUSION Biophysical stimulation with CMFs enhances healing after bone-tendon junction injuries in a rabbit model. 25070219 13 26 from week 1938:1941 arg1 groups 1928:1933 the 2 groups 1922:1933 the 2 groups at week 8 1922:1943 Mechanical test results showed that energy to failure was not significantly different between the 2 groups at week 8. 25070219 4 27 theme STUDY 501:505 arg1 DESIGN 507:512 STUDY DESIGN 501:512 STUDY DESIGN 501:512 STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. 25070219 9 28 theme blue-stained 1071:1082 arg1 sections 1084:1091 hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections 1018:1091 hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections 1018:1091 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 0 29 theme rabbit 77:82 arg1 model 84:88 a rabbit model 75:88 a rabbit model 75:88 Enhanced patella-patellar tendon healing using combined magnetic fields in a rabbit model. 25070219 5 30 theme placebo-treated 621:635 arg1 groups 647:652 CMF-treated and placebo-treated (control) groups 605:652 CMF-treated and placebo-treated (control) groups 605:652 METHODS Forty-eight mature rabbits were randomly divided into CMF-treated and placebo-treated (control) groups. 25070219 11 31 from week 1567:1570 arg1 % 1552:1552 a respective 97.8% and 22.8% 1535:1562 % 1552:1552 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 11 31 from week 1567:1570 arg1 group 1515:1519 the control group 1503:1519 the control group at week 8 1503:1529 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 11 31 from week 1567:1570 arg1 % 1562:1562 a respective 97.8% and 22.8% 1535:1562 % 1562:1562 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 8 32 theme tissue 849:854 arg1 samples 856:862 tissue samples 849:862 tissue samples 849:862 At each time point, tissue samples were harvested and evaluated biomechanically and histomorphologically. 25070219 3 33 theme HYPOTHESIS 328:337 arg1 technology 363:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology 328:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology 328:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology will enhance healing of bone-tendon junction repair via endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone. 25070219 11 34 theme Quantitative 1313:1324 arg1 measurements 1339:1350 Quantitative histological measurements 1313:1350 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements 1305:1350 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 10 35 theme tensile 1287:1293 arg1 strength 1295:1302 tensile strength 1287:1302 tensile strength 1287:1302 A biomechanical analysis was carried out to ascertain tensile strength. 25070219 11 36 from bone 1381:1384 arg1 group 1441:1445 the CMF-treated group 1425:1445 the CMF-treated group 1425:1445 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 15 37 theme rabbit 2342:2347 arg1 model 2349:2353 a rabbit model 2340:2353 a rabbit model 2340:2353 CONCLUSION Biophysical stimulation with CMFs enhances healing after bone-tendon junction injuries in a rabbit model. 25070219 14 38 theme ± 2178:2178 arg1 N 2185:2185 247.1 ± 65.6 N 2172:2185 247.1 ± 65.6 N 2172:2185 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 11 39 theme respective 1462:1471 arg1 % 1477:1477 a respective 99.2% 1460:1477 a respective 99.2% 1460:1477 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 13 40 theme test 1839:1842 arg1 results 1844:1850 Mechanical test results 1828:1850 Mechanical test results 1828:1850 Mechanical test results showed that energy to failure was not significantly different between the 2 groups at week 8. 25070219 3 41 theme junction 410:417 arg1 repair 419:424 bone-tendon junction repair 398:424 bone-tendon junction repair 398:424 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology will enhance healing of bone-tendon junction repair via endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone. 25070219 5 42 theme CMF-treated 605:615 arg1 groups 647:652 CMF-treated and placebo-treated (control) groups 605:652 CMF-treated and placebo-treated (control) groups 605:652 METHODS Forty-eight mature rabbits were randomly divided into CMF-treated and placebo-treated (control) groups. 25070219 2 43 from CMFs 228:231 arg1 Stimuli 215:221 Stimuli 215:221 Stimuli from CMFs 215:231 Stimuli from CMFs has proved to be an effective tool for healing problem fractures and spinal fusion procedures. 25070219 2 43 from CMFs 228:231 arg1 tool 263:266 an effective tool 250:266 an effective tool for healing problem fractures and spinal fusion procedures 250:325 Stimuli from CMFs has proved to be an effective tool for healing problem fractures and spinal fusion procedures. 25070219 3 44 theme magnetic 348:355 arg1 technology 363:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology 328:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology 328:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology will enhance healing of bone-tendon junction repair via endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone. 25070219 0 45 theme tendon 26:31 arg1 healing 33:39 patella-patellar tendon healing 9:39 patella-patellar tendon healing 9:39 Enhanced patella-patellar tendon healing using combined magnetic fields in a rabbit model. 25070219 11 46 theme control 1507:1513 arg1 group 1515:1519 the control group 1503:1519 the control group at week 8 1503:1529 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 9 47 theme cells 1144:1148 arg1 amount 1158:1163 the amount 1154:1163 the amount of proteoglycans 1154:1180 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 9 47 theme cells 1144:1148 arg1 proteoglycans 1168:1180 proteoglycans 1168:1180 proteoglycans 1168:1180 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 9 47 theme cells 1144:1148 arg1 density 1118:1124 the density 1114:1124 the density of fibrocartilage cells 1114:1148 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 9 47 theme cells 1144:1148 arg1 cells 1144:1148 fibrocartilage cells 1129:1148 fibrocartilage cells 1129:1148 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 12 48 from week 1618:1621 arg1 group 1595:1599 the CMF-treated group 1579:1599 the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16 1579:1624 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 5 49 dep groups 647:652 arg1 control 638:644 control 638:644 control 638:644 METHODS Forty-eight mature rabbits were randomly divided into CMF-treated and placebo-treated (control) groups. 25070219 3 50 theme zone 495:498 arg1 regeneration 460:471 regeneration 460:471 regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone 460:498 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology will enhance healing of bone-tendon junction repair via endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone. 25070219 0 51 theme magnetic 56:63 arg1 fields 65:70 combined magnetic fields 47:70 combined magnetic fields 47:70 Enhanced patella-patellar tendon healing using combined magnetic fields in a rabbit model. 25070219 12 52 theme significant 1793:1803 arg1 differences 1805:1815 no significant differences 1790:1815 no significant differences 1790:1815 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 1 53 theme magnetostatic 194:206 arg1 field 208:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 16 54 theme CLINICAL 2356:2363 arg1 RELEVANCE 2365:2373 CLINICAL RELEVANCE 2356:2373 CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results demonstrate the feasibility of using CMFs for stimulating bone-tendon healing after repair. 2356:2479 CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results demonstrate the feasibility of using CMFs for stimulating bone-tendon healing after repair. 25070219 6 55 theme partial 657:663 arg1 model 678:682 A partial patellectomy model 655:682 A partial patellectomy model 655:682 A partial patellectomy model was created. 25070219 7 56 theme postoperative 767:779 arg1 day 781:783 the third postoperative day 757:783 the third postoperative day for 30 minutes per day up to weeks 8 or 16 757:826 The CMF-treated group was subjected to CMF stimulation from the third postoperative day for 30 minutes per day up to weeks 8 or 16. 25070219 12 57 theme group 1772:1776 arg1 density 1710:1716 the density 1706:1716 the density of fibrocartilage cells 1706:1740 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 12 57 theme group 1772:1776 arg1 group 1772:1776 the control group 1760:1776 the control group 1760:1776 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 12 57 theme group 1772:1776 arg1 % 1755:1755 71.4% 1751:1755 71.4% of the control group 1751:1776 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 14 58 theme ± 2214:2214 arg1 J 2221:2221 0.52 ± 0.15 J 2209:2221 0.52 ± 0.15 J 2209:2221 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 9 59 theme O-stained 1213:1221 arg1 sections 1223:1230 safranin O-stained sections 1204:1230 safranin O-stained sections 1204:1230 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 2 60 theme effective 253:261 arg1 Stimuli 215:221 Stimuli 215:221 Stimuli from CMFs 215:231 Stimuli from CMFs has proved to be an effective tool for healing problem fractures and spinal fusion procedures. 25070219 2 60 theme effective 253:261 arg1 tool 263:266 an effective tool 250:266 an effective tool for healing problem fractures and spinal fusion procedures 250:325 Stimuli from CMFs has proved to be an effective tool for healing problem fractures and spinal fusion procedures. 25070219 10 61 theme biomechanical 1235:1247 arg1 analysis 1249:1256 A biomechanical analysis 1233:1256 A biomechanical analysis 1233:1256 A biomechanical analysis was carried out to ascertain tensile strength. 25070219 14 62 dep failure 2013:2019 arg1 to 2010:2011 to 2010:2011 to 2010:2011 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 9 63 theme bone 960:963 arg1 area 939:942 The area 935:942 The area of newly formed bone 935:963 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 9 63 theme bone 960:963 arg1 thickness 973:981 the thickness 969:981 the thickness of fibrocartilage 969:999 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 2 64 theme fusion 309:314 arg1 procedures 316:325 spinal fusion procedures 302:325 spinal fusion procedures 302:325 Stimuli from CMFs has proved to be an effective tool for healing problem fractures and spinal fusion procedures. 25070219 14 65 theme ± 2068:2068 arg1 MPa 2075:2077 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa 2063:2077 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa 2063:2077 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 11 66 theme regenerated 1390:1400 arg1 zone 1417:1420 regenerated fibrocartilage zone 1390:1420 regenerated fibrocartilage zone 1390:1420 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 14 67 theme ± 2193:2193 arg1 MPa 2200:2202 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa 2188:2202 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa 2188:2202 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 2 68 theme problem 280:286 arg1 fractures 288:296 healing problem fractures 272:296 healing problem fractures 272:296 Stimuli from CMFs has proved to be an effective tool for healing problem fractures and spinal fusion procedures. 25070219 1 69 theme dynamic 154:160 arg1 field 182:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 14 70 dep group 2040:2044 arg1 MPa 2075:2077 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa 2063:2077 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa 2063:2077 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 14 70 dep group 2040:2044 arg1 N 2060:2060 311.0 ± 59.4 N 2047:2060 311.0 ± 59.4 N 2047:2060 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 14 70 dep group 2040:2044 arg1 J 2096:2096 0.87 ± 0.17 J 2084:2096 0.87 ± 0.17 J 2084:2096 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 12 71 theme cells 1736:1740 arg1 density 1710:1716 the density 1706:1716 the density of fibrocartilage cells 1706:1740 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 12 71 theme cells 1736:1740 arg1 group 1772:1776 the control group 1760:1776 the control group 1760:1776 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 12 71 theme cells 1736:1740 arg1 % 1755:1755 71.4% 1751:1755 71.4% of the control group 1751:1776 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 5 72 dep METHODS 543:549 arg1 divided 592:598 divided 592:598 were randomly divided into CMF-treated and placebo-treated (control) groups 578:652 METHODS Forty-eight mature rabbits were randomly divided into CMF-treated and placebo-treated (control) groups. 25070219 1 73 theme magnetic 173:180 arg1 field 182:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 16 74 theme bone-tendon 2447:2457 arg1 healing 2459:2465 bone-tendon healing 2447:2465 bone-tendon healing 2447:2465 CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results demonstrate the feasibility of using CMFs for stimulating bone-tendon healing after repair. 25070219 12 75 theme control 1687:1693 arg1 group 1695:1699 the control group 1683:1699 the control group 1683:1699 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 14 76 theme ± 2053:2053 arg1 N 2060:2060 311.0 ± 59.4 N 2047:2060 311.0 ± 59.4 N 2047:2060 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 15 77 theme bone-tendon 2307:2317 arg1 injuries 2328:2335 bone-tendon junction injuries 2307:2335 bone-tendon junction injuries 2307:2335 CONCLUSION Biophysical stimulation with CMFs enhances healing after bone-tendon junction injuries in a rabbit model. 25070219 1 78 theme magnetic 113:120 arg1 field 182:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 78 theme magnetic 113:120 arg1 CMF 129:131 CMF 129:131 CMF 129:131 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 78 theme magnetic 113:120 arg1 field 208:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 78 theme magnetic 113:120 arg1 field 122:126 A combined magnetic field 102:126 A combined magnetic field (CMF) 102:132 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 78 theme magnetic 113:120 arg1 composite 139:147 a composite 137:147 a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field 137:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 12 79 theme postoperative 1604:1616 arg1 week 1618:1621 postoperative week 16 1604:1624 postoperative week 16 1604:1624 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 7 80 from day 781:783 arg1 stimulation 740:750 CMF stimulation 736:750 CMF stimulation from the third postoperative day for 30 minutes per day up to weeks 8 or 16 736:826 The CMF-treated group was subjected to CMF stimulation from the third postoperative day for 30 minutes per day up to weeks 8 or 16. 25070219 14 81 theme CMF-treated 2028:2038 arg1 group 2040:2044 the CMF-treated group 2024:2044 the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) 2024:2111 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 9 82 theme sections 1048:1055 arg1 sections 1084:1091 hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections 1018:1091 hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections 1018:1091 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 14 83 theme control 2157:2163 arg1 group 2165:2169 the control group 2153:2169 the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively) 2153:2236 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 9 84 theme toluidine 1061:1069 arg1 sections 1084:1091 hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections 1018:1091 hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections 1018:1091 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 15 85 theme CONCLUSION 2239:2248 arg1 stimulation 2262:2272 CONCLUSION Biophysical stimulation 2239:2272 CONCLUSION Biophysical stimulation with CMFs 2239:2282 CONCLUSION Biophysical stimulation with CMFs enhances healing after bone-tendon junction injuries in a rabbit model. 25070219 8 86 theme time 837:840 arg1 point 842:846 each time point 832:846 each time point 832:846 At each time point, tissue samples were harvested and evaluated biomechanically and histomorphologically. 25070219 4 87 theme laboratory 525:534 arg1 study 536:540 laboratory study 525:540 laboratory study 525:540 STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. 25070219 1 88 dep BACKGROUND 91:100 arg1 field 182:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 88 dep BACKGROUND 91:100 arg1 field 208:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 88 dep BACKGROUND 91:100 arg1 field 122:126 A combined magnetic field 102:126 A combined magnetic field (CMF) 102:132 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 88 dep BACKGROUND 91:100 arg1 composite 139:147 a composite 137:147 a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field 137:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 11 89 theme respective 1537:1546 arg1 % 1552:1552 a respective 97.8% and 22.8% 1535:1562 % 1552:1552 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 3 90 theme Combined 339:346 arg1 technology 363:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology 328:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology 328:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology will enhance healing of bone-tendon junction repair via endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone. 25070219 11 91 theme histological 1326:1337 arg1 measurements 1339:1350 Quantitative histological measurements 1313:1350 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements 1305:1350 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 11 92 dep RESULTS 1305:1311 arg1 measurements 1339:1350 Quantitative histological measurements 1313:1350 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements 1305:1350 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 11 93 theme formed 1374:1379 arg1 bone 1381:1384 bone 1381:1384 bone 1381:1384 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 13 94 theme Mechanical 1828:1837 arg1 results 1844:1850 Mechanical test results 1828:1850 Mechanical test results 1828:1850 Mechanical test results showed that energy to failure was not significantly different between the 2 groups at week 8. 25070219 3 95 theme endochondral 430:441 arg1 ossification 443:454 endochondral ossification 430:454 endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone 430:498 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology will enhance healing of bone-tendon junction repair via endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone. 25070219 0 96 theme patella-patellar 9:24 arg1 healing 33:39 patella-patellar tendon healing 9:39 patella-patellar tendon healing 9:39 Enhanced patella-patellar tendon healing using combined magnetic fields in a rabbit model. 25070219 11 97 from week 1524:1527 arg1 % 1552:1552 a respective 97.8% and 22.8% 1535:1562 % 1552:1552 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 11 97 from week 1524:1527 arg1 group 1515:1519 the control group 1503:1519 the control group at week 8 1503:1529 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 11 97 from week 1524:1527 arg1 % 1562:1562 a respective 97.8% and 22.8% 1535:1562 % 1562:1562 RESULTS Quantitative histological measurements showed that the newly formed bone and regenerated fibrocartilage zone in the CMF-treated group increased by a respective 99.2% and 41.9% compared with the control group at week 8 and a respective 97.8% and 22.8% at week 16. 25070219 14 98 theme energy 2003:2008 arg1 failure 2013:2019 energy to failure 2003:2019 energy to failure 2003:2019 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 7 99 theme CMF 736:738 arg1 stimulation 740:750 CMF stimulation 736:750 CMF stimulation from the third postoperative day for 30 minutes per day up to weeks 8 or 16 736:826 The CMF-treated group was subjected to CMF stimulation from the third postoperative day for 30 minutes per day up to weeks 8 or 16. 25070219 3 100 theme field 357:361 arg1 technology 363:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology 328:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology 328:372 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology will enhance healing of bone-tendon junction repair via endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone. 25070219 9 101 theme fibrocartilage 1129:1142 arg1 cells 1144:1148 fibrocartilage cells 1129:1148 fibrocartilage cells 1129:1148 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 0 102 theme combined 47:54 arg1 fields 65:70 combined magnetic fields 47:70 combined magnetic fields 47:70 Enhanced patella-patellar tendon healing using combined magnetic fields in a rabbit model. 25070219 12 103 theme proteoglycans 1641:1653 arg1 proteoglycans 1641:1653 proteoglycans 1641:1653 proteoglycans 1641:1653 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 12 103 theme proteoglycans 1641:1653 arg1 amount 1631:1636 the amount 1627:1636 the amount of proteoglycans 1627:1653 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 12 103 theme proteoglycans 1641:1653 arg1 more 1665:1668 more 1665:1668 more 1665:1668 In the CMF-treated group at postoperative week 16, the amount of proteoglycans was 36.9% more than that of the control group, but the density of fibrocartilage cells was just 71.4% of the control group; there were no significant differences at week 8. 25070219 3 104 theme bone-tendon 398:408 arg1 repair 419:424 bone-tendon junction repair 398:424 bone-tendon junction repair 398:424 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology will enhance healing of bone-tendon junction repair via endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone. 25070219 14 105 theme ultimate 1980:1987 arg1 strength 1989:1996 ultimate strength 1980:1996 ultimate strength 1980:1996 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 2 106 theme spinal 302:307 arg1 procedures 316:325 spinal fusion procedures 302:325 spinal fusion procedures 302:325 Stimuli from CMFs has proved to be an effective tool for healing problem fractures and spinal fusion procedures. 25070219 14 107 from load 1963:1966 arg1 group 2040:2044 the CMF-treated group 2024:2044 the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) 2024:2111 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 1 108 theme combined 104:111 arg1 field 182:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 108 theme combined 104:111 arg1 CMF 129:131 CMF 129:131 CMF 129:131 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 108 theme combined 104:111 arg1 field 208:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 108 theme combined 104:111 arg1 field 122:126 A combined magnetic field 102:126 A combined magnetic field (CMF) 102:132 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 108 theme combined 104:111 arg1 composite 139:147 a composite 137:147 a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field 137:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 9 109 theme proteoglycans 1168:1180 arg1 amount 1158:1163 the amount 1154:1163 the amount of proteoglycans 1154:1180 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 9 109 theme proteoglycans 1168:1180 arg1 proteoglycans 1168:1180 proteoglycans 1168:1180 proteoglycans 1168:1180 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 9 109 theme proteoglycans 1168:1180 arg1 density 1118:1124 the density 1114:1124 the density of fibrocartilage cells 1114:1148 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 9 109 theme proteoglycans 1168:1180 arg1 cells 1144:1148 fibrocartilage cells 1129:1148 fibrocartilage cells 1129:1148 The area of newly formed bone and the thickness of fibrocartilage were measured in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and toluidine blue-stained sections, respectively, while the density of fibrocartilage cells and the amount of proteoglycans were calculated using safranin O-stained sections. 25070219 3 110 theme fibrocartilage 480:493 arg1 zone 495:498 the fibrocartilage zone 476:498 the fibrocartilage zone 476:498 HYPOTHESIS Combined magnetic field technology will enhance healing of bone-tendon junction repair via endochondral ossification for regeneration of the fibrocartilage zone. 25070219 1 111 theme field 208:212 arg1 field 182:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field 152:186 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 111 theme field 208:212 arg1 field 208:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 a magnetostatic field 192:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 111 theme field 208:212 arg1 field 122:126 A combined magnetic field 102:126 A combined magnetic field (CMF) 102:132 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 1 111 theme field 208:212 arg1 composite 139:147 a composite 137:147 a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field 137:212 BACKGROUND A combined magnetic field (CMF) is a composite of a dynamic sinusoidal magnetic field and a magnetostatic field. 25070219 14 112 dep group 2165:2169 arg1 J 2221:2221 0.52 ± 0.15 J 2209:2221 0.52 ± 0.15 J 2209:2221 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 14 112 dep group 2165:2169 arg1 MPa 2200:2202 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa 2188:2202 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa 2188:2202 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 25070219 14 112 dep group 2165:2169 arg1 N 2185:2185 247.1 ± 65.6 N 2172:2185 247.1 ± 65.6 N 2172:2185 Yet, at week 16, load to failure, ultimate strength, and energy to failure in the CMF-treated group (311.0 ± 59.4 N, 8.46 ± 1.41 MPa, and 0.87 ± 0.17 J, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (247.1 ± 65.6 N, 6.84 ± 1.12 MPa, and 0.52 ± 0.15 J, respectively). 28877767 12 0 theme coli/Shigella 2015:2027 arg1 flexneri 2029:2036 Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri 2003:2036 Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri 2003:2036 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis increased when 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets were offered, while the presence of Helicobacter pullorum decreased. 28877767 2 1 theme broiler 344:350 arg1 diets 352:356 broiler diets 344:356 broiler diets 344:356 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 11 2 theme microbial 1777:1785 arg1 communities 1787:1797 cecal microbial communities 1771:1797 cecal microbial communities of chickens that were fed with 60-DWP and 80-WPC 1771:1846 At day 42, cecal microbial communities of chickens that were fed with 60-DWP and 80-WPC differed from those fed with control diet (R=0.776, P=0.008; and R=0.740, P=0.008, respectively). 28877767 13 3 theme feed 2244:2247 arg1 ratio 2260:2264 better feed conversion ratio 2237:2264 better feed conversion ratio 2237:2264 Lactobacillus salivarius consistently increased in chickens with better feed conversion ratio, which were those fed with 60-DWP. 28877767 3 4 theme microbiota 517:526 arg1 composition 528:538 Cecal microbiota composition 511:538 Cecal microbiota composition 511:538 Cecal microbiota composition was also determined using Illumina amplicon sequencing. 28877767 12 5 theme pullorum 2152:2159 arg1 presence 2127:2134 the presence 2123:2134 the presence of Helicobacter pullorum 2123:2159 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis increased when 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets were offered, while the presence of Helicobacter pullorum decreased. 28877767 9 6 dep periods 1384:1390 arg1 periods 1384:1390 grower-finisher periods 1368:1390 grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG) 1368:1435 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 6 dep periods 1384:1390 arg1 FI 1412:1413 FI 1412:1413 FI 1412:1413 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 6 dep periods 1384:1390 arg1 P<0.001 1393:1399 P<0.001 1393:1399 P<0.001 for BW 1393:1406 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 0 7 theme Feeding 0:6 arg1 broilers 8:15 Feeding broilers 0:15 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein 0:53 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 14 8 theme microbiota 2508:2517 arg1 communities 2519:2529 cecal microbiota communities 2502:2529 cecal microbiota communities 2502:2529 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 7 9 theme Ca 975:976 arg1 CAID 978:981 Ca CAID 975:981 Ca CAID (P=0.041) 975:991 Diet 60-DWP increased Ca CAID (P=0.041), while diet 80-WPC improved Ca and P CAID (P<0.001 and 0.002, respectively) when compared with control diet. 28877767 7 9 theme Ca 975:976 arg1 P=0.041 984:990 P=0.041 984:990 P=0.041 984:990 Diet 60-DWP increased Ca CAID (P=0.041), while diet 80-WPC improved Ca and P CAID (P<0.001 and 0.002, respectively) when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 10 theme average 1271:1277 arg1 gain 1285:1288 average daily gain 1271:1288 average daily gain (ADG) 1271:1294 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 10 theme average 1271:1277 arg1 BW 1267:1268 their BW 1261:1268 their BW 1261:1268 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 10 theme average 1271:1277 arg1 ADG 1291:1293 ADG 1291:1293 ADG 1291:1293 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 10 11 theme feeding 1703:1709 arg1 P=0.048 1719:1725 P=0.048 1719:1725 P=0.048 1719:1725 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 10 11 theme feeding 1703:1709 arg1 period 1711:1716 the entire feeding period 1692:1716 the entire feeding period (P=0.048) 1692:1726 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 13 12 theme Lactobacillus 2172:2184 arg1 salivarius 2186:2195 Lactobacillus salivarius 2172:2195 Lactobacillus salivarius 2172:2195 Lactobacillus salivarius consistently increased in chickens with better feed conversion ratio, which were those fed with 60-DWP. 28877767 1 13 theme poultry 216:222 arg1 industry 224:231 the poultry industry 212:231 the poultry industry 212:231 Dietary interventions are a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals. 28877767 7 14 theme Diet 953:956 arg1 60-DWP 958:963 Diet 60-DWP 953:963 Diet 60-DWP 953:963 Diet 60-DWP increased Ca CAID (P=0.041), while diet 80-WPC improved Ca and P CAID (P<0.001 and 0.002, respectively) when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 15 theme feeding 1460:1466 arg1 period 1468:1473 the entire feeding period 1449:1473 the entire feeding period (P<0.05) 1449:1482 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 15 theme feeding 1460:1466 arg1 P<0.05 1476:1481 P<0.05 1476:1481 P<0.05 1476:1481 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 12 16 theme spp. 1997:2000 arg1 abundance 1950:1958 The abundance 1946:1958 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis 1946:2062 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis increased when 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets were offered, while the presence of Helicobacter pullorum decreased. 28877767 14 17 theme feed 2472:2475 arg1 intake 2477:2482 increased feed intake 2462:2482 increased feed intake 2462:2482 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 8 18 theme one-day-old 1118:1128 arg1 chicks 1130:1135 810 one-day-old chicks 1114:1135 810 one-day-old chicks 1114:1135 In Trial 2, 810 one-day-old chicks were allocated to nine pens/treatment, with 30 birds/pen, during 42 days. 28877767 0 19 theme microbiota 143:152 arg1 community 154:162 cecal microbiota community 137:162 cecal microbiota community 137:162 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 3 20 theme Illumina 566:573 arg1 sequencing 584:593 Illumina amplicon sequencing 566:593 Illumina amplicon sequencing 566:593 Cecal microbiota composition was also determined using Illumina amplicon sequencing. 28877767 1 21 from practice 200:207 arg1 industry 224:231 the poultry industry 212:231 the poultry industry 212:231 Dietary interventions are a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals. 28877767 10 22 theme feed 1554:1557 arg1 ratio 1570:1574 the feed conversion ratio 1550:1574 the feed conversion ratio of chickens 1550:1586 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 14 23 theme mineral 2439:2445 arg1 digestibility 2447:2459 a higher mineral digestibility 2430:2459 a higher mineral digestibility 2430:2459 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 14 24 theme WPC 2399:2401 arg1 supplementation 2403:2417 WPC supplementation 2399:2417 WPC supplementation 2399:2417 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 2 25 theme ileal 456:460 arg1 digestibility 462:474 apparent ileal digestibility 447:474 apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) 447:481 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 2 25 theme ileal 456:460 arg1 CAID 477:480 CAID 477:480 CAID 477:480 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 1 26 theme Dietary 165:171 arg1 interventions 173:185 Dietary interventions 165:185 Dietary interventions 165:185 Dietary interventions are a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals. 28877767 1 26 theme Dietary 165:171 arg1 practice 200:207 a common practice 191:207 a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals 191:284 Dietary interventions are a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals. 28877767 2 27 theme productive 487:496 arg1 performance 498:508 productive performance 487:508 productive performance 487:508 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 0 28 theme ileal 100:104 arg1 digestibility 106:118 ileal digestibility 100:118 ileal digestibility of nutrients 100:131 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 5 29 theme male 735:738 arg1 broilers 740:747 One-day-old male broilers 723:747 One-day-old male broilers 723:747 One-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments, and housed in floor pens. 28877767 1 30 theme animals 278:284 arg1 health 268:273 health 268:273 health 268:273 Dietary interventions are a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals. 28877767 1 30 theme animals 278:284 arg1 performance 252:262 optimal performance 244:262 optimal performance 244:262 Dietary interventions are a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals. 28877767 2 31 theme protein 394:400 arg1 WPC 415:417 WPC 415:417 WPC 415:417 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 2 31 theme protein 394:400 arg1 concentrate 402:412 whey protein concentrate 389:412 whey protein concentrate (WPC) 389:418 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 7 32 theme P 1028:1028 arg1 CAID 1030:1033 P CAID 1028:1033 P CAID 1028:1033 Diet 60-DWP increased Ca CAID (P=0.041), while diet 80-WPC improved Ca and P CAID (P<0.001 and 0.002, respectively) when compared with control diet. 28877767 10 33 theme chickens 1579:1586 arg1 ratio 1570:1574 the feed conversion ratio 1550:1574 the feed conversion ratio of chickens 1550:1586 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 0 34 theme whey 26:29 arg1 powder 31:36 dry whey powder and whey protein 22:53 powder 31:36 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 9 35 theme grower-finisher 1368:1382 arg1 periods 1384:1390 grower-finisher periods 1368:1390 grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG) 1368:1435 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 35 theme grower-finisher 1368:1382 arg1 FI 1412:1413 FI 1412:1413 FI 1412:1413 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 35 theme grower-finisher 1368:1382 arg1 P=0.048 1420:1426 P=0.048 1420:1426 P=0.048 1420:1426 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 35 theme grower-finisher 1368:1382 arg1 P<0.001 1393:1399 P<0.001 1393:1399 P<0.001 for BW 1393:1406 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 2 36 theme nutrient 423:430 arg1 coefficient 432:442 nutrient coefficient 423:442 nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) 423:481 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 12 37 theme 60-DWP 2079:2084 arg1 diets 2097:2101 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets 2079:2101 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets 2079:2101 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis increased when 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets were offered, while the presence of Helicobacter pullorum decreased. 28877767 12 38 theme 80-WPC 2090:2095 arg1 diets 2097:2101 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets 2079:2101 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets 2079:2101 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis increased when 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets were offered, while the presence of Helicobacter pullorum decreased. 28877767 4 39 dep 80-WPC 698:703 arg1 g/kg 709:712 80 g/kg 706:712 80 g/kg of WPC 706:719 Dietary treatments were control diet (no supplementation of DWP or WPC), 60-DWP (60 g/kg of DWP), and 80-WPC (80 g/kg of WPC). 28877767 4 40 theme WPC 717:719 arg1 g/kg 709:712 80 g/kg 706:712 80 g/kg of WPC 706:719 Dietary treatments were control diet (no supplementation of DWP or WPC), 60-DWP (60 g/kg of DWP), and 80-WPC (80 g/kg of WPC). 28877767 2 41 from performance 498:508 arg1 coefficient 432:442 nutrient coefficient 423:442 nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) 423:481 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 2 42 theme dry 363:365 arg1 DWP 380:382 DWP 380:382 DWP 380:382 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 2 42 theme dry 363:365 arg1 powder 372:377 dry whey powder 363:377 dry whey powder (DWP) 363:383 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 10 43 dep period 1607:1612 arg1 0.003 1627:1631 0.003 1627:1631 0.003 1627:1631 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 10 43 dep period 1607:1612 arg1 P<0.001 1615:1621 P<0.001 1615:1621 P<0.001 1615:1621 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 11 44 theme control 1877:1883 arg1 diet 1885:1888 control diet 1877:1888 control diet (R=0.776, P=0.008; and R=0.740, P=0.008, respectively) 1877:1943 At day 42, cecal microbial communities of chickens that were fed with 60-DWP and 80-WPC differed from those fed with control diet (R=0.776, P=0.008; and R=0.740, P=0.008, respectively). 28877767 13 45 with chickens 2223:2230 arg1 ratio 2260:2264 better feed conversion ratio 2237:2264 better feed conversion ratio 2237:2264 Lactobacillus salivarius consistently increased in chickens with better feed conversion ratio, which were those fed with 60-DWP. 28877767 11 46 theme chickens 1802:1809 arg1 communities 1787:1797 cecal microbial communities 1771:1797 cecal microbial communities of chickens that were fed with 60-DWP and 80-WPC 1771:1846 At day 42, cecal microbial communities of chickens that were fed with 60-DWP and 80-WPC differed from those fed with control diet (R=0.776, P=0.008; and R=0.740, P=0.008, respectively). 28877767 2 47 from influence 317:325 arg1 coefficient 432:442 nutrient coefficient 423:442 nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) 423:481 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 7 48 theme control 1088:1094 arg1 diet 1096:1099 control diet 1088:1099 control diet 1088:1099 Diet 60-DWP increased Ca CAID (P=0.041), while diet 80-WPC improved Ca and P CAID (P<0.001 and 0.002, respectively) when compared with control diet. 28877767 12 49 theme Escherichia 2003:2013 arg1 flexneri 2029:2036 Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri 2003:2036 Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri 2003:2036 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis increased when 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets were offered, while the presence of Helicobacter pullorum decreased. 28877767 13 50 theme better 2237:2242 arg1 ratio 2260:2264 better feed conversion ratio 2237:2264 better feed conversion ratio 2237:2264 Lactobacillus salivarius consistently increased in chickens with better feed conversion ratio, which were those fed with 60-DWP. 28877767 3 51 theme Cecal 511:515 arg1 composition 528:538 Cecal microbiota composition 511:538 Cecal microbiota composition 511:538 Cecal microbiota composition was also determined using Illumina amplicon sequencing. 28877767 12 52 theme flexneri 2029:2036 arg1 abundance 1950:1958 The abundance 1946:1958 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis 1946:2062 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis increased when 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets were offered, while the presence of Helicobacter pullorum decreased. 28877767 12 53 theme furniformis 2052:2062 arg1 abundance 1950:1958 The abundance 1946:1958 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis 1946:2062 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis increased when 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets were offered, while the presence of Helicobacter pullorum decreased. 28877767 14 54 theme communities 2519:2529 arg1 digestibility 2447:2459 a higher mineral digestibility 2430:2459 a higher mineral digestibility 2430:2459 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 14 54 theme communities 2519:2529 arg1 modulation 2488:2497 modulation 2488:2497 modulation 2488:2497 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 14 54 theme communities 2519:2529 arg1 intake 2477:2482 increased feed intake 2462:2482 increased feed intake 2462:2482 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 5 55 theme treatments 788:797 arg1 one 775:777 one 775:777 one 775:777 One-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments, and housed in floor pens. 28877767 5 55 theme treatments 788:797 arg1 treatments 788:797 three treatments 782:797 three treatments 782:797 One-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments, and housed in floor pens. 28877767 14 56 theme present 2329:2335 arg1 study 2337:2341 the present study 2325:2341 the present study 2325:2341 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 14 57 theme cecal 2502:2506 arg1 communities 2519:2529 cecal microbiota communities 2502:2529 cecal microbiota communities 2502:2529 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 4 58 theme DWP 656:658 arg1 supplementation 637:651 no supplementation 634:651 no supplementation of DWP or WPC 634:665 Dietary treatments were control diet (no supplementation of DWP or WPC), 60-DWP (60 g/kg of DWP), and 80-WPC (80 g/kg of WPC). 28877767 0 59 theme nutrients 123:131 arg1 community 154:162 cecal microbiota community 137:162 cecal microbiota community 137:162 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 0 59 theme nutrients 123:131 arg1 performance 87:97 productive performance 76:97 productive performance 76:97 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 0 59 theme nutrients 123:131 arg1 digestibility 106:118 ileal digestibility 100:118 ileal digestibility of nutrients 100:131 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 9 60 theme daily 1279:1283 arg1 gain 1285:1288 average daily gain 1271:1288 average daily gain (ADG) 1271:1294 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 60 theme daily 1279:1283 arg1 BW 1267:1268 their BW 1261:1268 their BW 1261:1268 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 60 theme daily 1279:1283 arg1 ADG 1291:1293 ADG 1291:1293 ADG 1291:1293 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 5 61 theme floor 814:818 arg1 pens 820:823 floor pens 814:823 floor pens 814:823 One-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments, and housed in floor pens. 28877767 10 62 dep Diets 1518:1522 arg1 Diets 1518:1522 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC 1518:1540 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC 1518:1540 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 10 62 dep Diets 1518:1522 arg1 80-WPC 1535:1540 80-WPC 1535:1540 80-WPC 1535:1540 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 10 62 dep Diets 1518:1522 arg1 60-DWP 1524:1529 60-DWP 1524:1529 60-DWP 1524:1529 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 0 63 theme cecal 137:141 arg1 community 154:162 cecal microbiota community 137:162 cecal microbiota community 137:162 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 3 64 theme amplicon 575:582 arg1 sequencing 584:593 Illumina amplicon sequencing 566:593 Illumina amplicon sequencing 566:593 Cecal microbiota composition was also determined using Illumina amplicon sequencing. 28877767 1 65 theme common 193:198 arg1 interventions 173:185 Dietary interventions 165:185 Dietary interventions 165:185 Dietary interventions are a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals. 28877767 1 65 theme common 193:198 arg1 practice 200:207 a common practice 191:207 a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals 191:284 Dietary interventions are a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals. 28877767 6 66 theme 1-day-old 841:849 arg1 chicks 851:856 90 1-day-old chicks 838:856 90 1-day-old chicks 838:856 In Trial 1, 90 1-day-old chicks were allocated to three pens/treatment, with 10 birds/pen, during 21 days for CAID evaluation. 28877767 9 67 theme entire 1453:1458 arg1 period 1468:1473 the entire feeding period 1449:1473 the entire feeding period (P<0.05) 1449:1482 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 67 theme entire 1453:1458 arg1 P<0.05 1476:1481 P<0.05 1476:1481 P<0.05 1476:1481 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 10 68 theme entire 1696:1701 arg1 P=0.048 1719:1725 P=0.048 1719:1725 P=0.048 1719:1725 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 10 68 theme entire 1696:1701 arg1 period 1711:1716 the entire feeding period 1692:1716 the entire feeding period (P=0.048) 1692:1726 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 11 69 theme cecal 1771:1775 arg1 communities 1787:1797 cecal microbial communities 1771:1797 cecal microbial communities of chickens that were fed with 60-DWP and 80-WPC 1771:1846 At day 42, cecal microbial communities of chickens that were fed with 60-DWP and 80-WPC differed from those fed with control diet (R=0.776, P=0.008; and R=0.740, P=0.008, respectively). 28877767 14 70 theme increased 2462:2470 arg1 intake 2477:2482 increased feed intake 2462:2482 increased feed intake 2462:2482 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 8 71 theme 810 1114:1116 arg1 chicks 1130:1135 810 one-day-old chicks 1114:1135 810 one-day-old chicks 1114:1135 In Trial 2, 810 one-day-old chicks were allocated to nine pens/treatment, with 30 birds/pen, during 42 days. 28877767 10 72 theme conversion 1559:1568 arg1 ratio 1570:1574 the feed conversion ratio 1550:1574 the feed conversion ratio of chickens 1550:1586 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 9 73 theme feed 1300:1303 arg1 FI 1313:1314 FI 1313:1314 FI 1313:1314 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 73 theme feed 1300:1303 arg1 intake 1305:1310 feed intake 1300:1310 feed intake (FI) 1300:1315 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 73 theme feed 1300:1303 arg1 BW 1267:1268 their BW 1261:1268 their BW 1261:1268 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 12 74 theme fragilis 1975:1982 arg1 abundance 1950:1958 The abundance 1946:1958 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis 1946:2062 The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides spp., Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri and Megamonas furniformis increased when 60-DWP and 80-WPC diets were offered, while the presence of Helicobacter pullorum decreased. 28877767 9 75 dep starter 1328:1334 arg1 P<0.001 1337:1343 P<0.001 1337:1343 P<0.001 for all variables 1337:1361 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 2 76 theme digestibility 462:474 arg1 coefficient 432:442 nutrient coefficient 423:442 nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) 423:481 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 14 77 theme higher 2432:2437 arg1 digestibility 2447:2459 a higher mineral digestibility 2430:2459 a higher mineral digestibility 2430:2459 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 4 78 theme WPC 663:665 arg1 supplementation 637:651 no supplementation 634:651 no supplementation of DWP or WPC 634:665 Dietary treatments were control diet (no supplementation of DWP or WPC), 60-DWP (60 g/kg of DWP), and 80-WPC (80 g/kg of WPC). 28877767 0 79 theme productive 76:85 arg1 performance 87:97 productive performance 76:97 productive performance 76:97 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 2 80 theme apparent 447:454 arg1 digestibility 462:474 apparent ileal digestibility 447:474 apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) 447:481 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 2 80 theme apparent 447:454 arg1 CAID 477:480 CAID 477:480 CAID 477:480 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 4 81 dep 60-DWP 669:674 arg1 g/kg 680:683 60 g/kg 677:683 60 g/kg of DWP 677:690 Dietary treatments were control diet (no supplementation of DWP or WPC), 60-DWP (60 g/kg of DWP), and 80-WPC (80 g/kg of WPC). 28877767 9 82 theme control 1504:1510 arg1 diet 1512:1515 control diet 1504:1515 control diet 1504:1515 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 4 83 theme control 620:626 arg1 diet 628:631 control diet 620:631 control diet (no supplementation of DWP or WPC) 620:666 Dietary treatments were control diet (no supplementation of DWP or WPC), 60-DWP (60 g/kg of DWP), and 80-WPC (80 g/kg of WPC). 28877767 5 84 theme One-day-old 723:733 arg1 broilers 740:747 One-day-old male broilers 723:747 One-day-old male broilers 723:747 One-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments, and housed in floor pens. 28877767 7 85 dep Ca 1021:1022 arg1 0.002 1048:1052 0.002 1048:1052 0.002 1048:1052 Diet 60-DWP increased Ca CAID (P=0.041), while diet 80-WPC improved Ca and P CAID (P<0.001 and 0.002, respectively) when compared with control diet. 28877767 7 85 dep Ca 1021:1022 arg1 P<0.001 1036:1042 P<0.001 1036:1042 P<0.001 1036:1042 Diet 60-DWP increased Ca CAID (P=0.041), while diet 80-WPC improved Ca and P CAID (P<0.001 and 0.002, respectively) when compared with control diet. 28877767 4 86 theme DWP 688:690 arg1 g/kg 680:683 60 g/kg 677:683 60 g/kg of DWP 677:690 Dietary treatments were control diet (no supplementation of DWP or WPC), 60-DWP (60 g/kg of DWP), and 80-WPC (80 g/kg of WPC). 28877767 2 87 theme whey 367:370 arg1 DWP 380:382 DWP 380:382 DWP 380:382 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 2 87 theme whey 367:370 arg1 powder 372:377 dry whey powder 363:377 dry whey powder (DWP) 363:383 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 0 88 theme dry 22:24 arg1 powder 31:36 dry whey powder and whey protein 22:53 powder 31:36 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 0 89 dep concentrate 55:65 arg1 affected 67:74 affected 67:74 concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community 55:162 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 6 90 theme CAID 936:939 arg1 evaluation 941:950 CAID evaluation 936:950 CAID evaluation 936:950 In Trial 1, 90 1-day-old chicks were allocated to three pens/treatment, with 10 birds/pen, during 21 days for CAID evaluation. 28877767 11 91 dep diet 1885:1888 arg1 P=0.008 1922:1928 P=0.008 1922:1928 P=0.008 1922:1928 At day 42, cecal microbial communities of chickens that were fed with 60-DWP and 80-WPC differed from those fed with control diet (R=0.776, P=0.008; and R=0.740, P=0.008, respectively). 28877767 11 91 dep diet 1885:1888 arg1 P=0.008 1900:1906 P=0.008 1900:1906 P=0.008 1900:1906 At day 42, cecal microbial communities of chickens that were fed with 60-DWP and 80-WPC differed from those fed with control diet (R=0.776, P=0.008; and R=0.740, P=0.008, respectively). 28877767 11 91 dep diet 1885:1888 arg1 R=0.776 1891:1897 R=0.776 1891:1897 R=0.776 1891:1897 At day 42, cecal microbial communities of chickens that were fed with 60-DWP and 80-WPC differed from those fed with control diet (R=0.776, P=0.008; and R=0.740, P=0.008, respectively). 28877767 2 92 theme whey 389:392 arg1 WPC 415:417 WPC 415:417 WPC 415:417 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 2 92 theme whey 389:392 arg1 concentrate 402:412 whey protein concentrate 389:412 whey protein concentrate (WPC) 389:418 Here, we aim at assessing the influence of supplementing broiler diets with dry whey powder (DWP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on nutrient coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and productive performance. 28877767 13 93 theme conversion 2249:2258 arg1 ratio 2260:2264 better feed conversion ratio 2237:2264 better feed conversion ratio 2237:2264 Lactobacillus salivarius consistently increased in chickens with better feed conversion ratio, which were those fed with 60-DWP. 28877767 0 94 theme whey 42:45 arg1 protein 47:53 dry whey powder and whey protein 22:53 protein 47:53 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 4 95 dep diet 628:631 arg1 supplementation 637:651 no supplementation 634:651 no supplementation of DWP or WPC 634:665 Dietary treatments were control diet (no supplementation of DWP or WPC), 60-DWP (60 g/kg of DWP), and 80-WPC (80 g/kg of WPC). 28877767 0 96 with broilers 8:15 arg1 powder 31:36 dry whey powder and whey protein 22:53 powder 31:36 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 0 96 with broilers 8:15 arg1 protein 47:53 dry whey powder and whey protein 22:53 protein 47:53 Feeding broilers with dry whey powder and whey protein concentrate affected productive performance, ileal digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbiota community. 28877767 14 97 theme chickens 2367:2374 arg1 growth 2357:2362 growth 2357:2362 growth of chickens 2357:2374 The results obtained in the present study indicate that growth of chickens is improved by DWP and WPC supplementation because of a higher mineral digestibility, increased feed intake and modulation of cecal microbiota communities. 28877767 4 98 theme Dietary 596:602 arg1 treatments 604:613 Dietary treatments 596:613 Dietary treatments 596:613 Dietary treatments were control diet (no supplementation of DWP or WPC), 60-DWP (60 g/kg of DWP), and 80-WPC (80 g/kg of WPC). 28877767 10 99 theme starter 1599:1605 arg1 period 1607:1612 the starter period 1595:1612 the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively) 1595:1646 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 9 100 with chickens 1219:1226 arg1 80-WPC 1244:1249 80-WPC 1244:1249 80-WPC 1244:1249 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 100 with chickens 1219:1226 arg1 60-DWP 1233:1238 60-DWP 1233:1238 60-DWP 1233:1238 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 9 101 theme Feeding 1211:1217 arg1 chickens 1219:1226 Feeding chickens 1211:1226 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC 1211:1249 Feeding chickens with 60-DWP and 80-WPC increased their BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) during the starter (P<0.001 for all variables) and grower-finisher periods (P<0.001 for BW and FI, and P=0.048 for ADG), and during the entire feeding period (P<0.05), when compared with control diet. 28877767 10 102 theme control 1746:1752 arg1 diet 1754:1757 control diet 1746:1757 control diet 1746:1757 Diets 60-DWP and 80-WPC reduced the feed conversion ratio of chickens during the starter period (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively), while 60-DWP reduced this parameter during the entire feeding period (P=0.048), when compared to control diet. 28877767 1 103 theme optimal 244:250 arg1 performance 252:262 optimal performance 244:262 optimal performance 244:262 Dietary interventions are a common practice in the poultry industry to promote optimal performance and health of animals. 25908706 8 0 dep iso-C15  1033:1040 arg1 C16  1078:1081 C16  1078:1081 C16  1078:1081 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 0 dep iso-C15  1033:1040 arg1 acids 1022:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids 991:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids 991:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 0 dep iso-C15  1033:1040 arg1 % 1049:1049 6.9% 1046:1049 6.9% 1046:1049 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 0 dep iso-C15  1033:1040 arg1 iso-C15  1033:1040 iso-C15  1033:1040 iso-C15  1033:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 0 dep iso-C15  1033:1040 arg1 C18  1119:1122 C18  1119:1122 C18  1119:1122 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 0 dep iso-C15  1033:1040 arg1  0 1042:1043  0 1042:1043  0 1042:1043 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 2 1 theme Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 bacterium 136:144 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium 87:144 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium 87:144 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 5 2 theme Actinomycetales 585:599 arg1 AMV4T 553:557 strain AMV4T 546:557 strain AMV4T 546:557 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 5 2 theme Actinomycetales 585:599 arg1 member 565:570 a member 563:570 a member of the order Actinomycetales 563:599 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 6 3 theme other 834:838 arg1 genera 840:845 the other genera 830:845 the other genera of the family Intrasporangiaceae 830:878 Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain AMV4T clustered with Aquipuribacter hungaricus and was distantly related to the other genera of the family Intrasporangiaceae. 25908706 12 4 theme G+C 1494:1496 arg1 % 1534:1534 74.3 mol% 1526:1534 74.3 mol% 1526:1534 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T was 74.3 mol%. 25908706 12 4 theme G+C 1494:1496 arg1 content 1498:1504 The DNA G+C content 1486:1504 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T 1486:1520 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T was 74.3 mol%. 25908706 4 5 theme cellulase 448:456 arg1 activities 487:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 Strain AMV4T was positive for oxidase, aesculinase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities. 25908706 2 6 theme novel 89:93 arg1 bacterium 136:144 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium 87:144 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium 87:144 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 8 7 theme predominant 995:1005 arg1 iso-C15  1033:1040 iso-C15  1033:1040 iso-C15  1033:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 7 theme predominant 995:1005 arg1 acids 1022:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids 991:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids 991:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 7 theme predominant 995:1005 arg1  0 1042:1043  0 1042:1043  0 1042:1043 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 5 8 theme strain 546:551 arg1 AMV4T 553:557 strain AMV4T 546:557 strain AMV4T 546:557 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 5 8 theme strain 546:551 arg1 member 565:570 a member 563:570 a member of the order Actinomycetales 563:599 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 13 9 theme Aquipuribacter 1679:1692 arg1 species 1658:1664 a novel species 1650:1664 a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter 1650:1692 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 7 10 dep strains 911:917 arg1 IV-75T 955:960 IV-75T 955:960 IV-75T 955:960 DNA-DNA hybridization between strains AMV4T and Aquipuribacter hungaricus IV-75T showed a relatedness of 28%. 25908706 8 11 theme cellular 1007:1014 arg1 iso-C15  1033:1040 iso-C15  1033:1040 iso-C15  1033:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 11 theme cellular 1007:1014 arg1 acids 1022:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids 991:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids 991:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 11 theme cellular 1007:1014 arg1  0 1042:1043  0 1042:1043  0 1042:1043 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 5 12 dep Aquipuribacter 628:641 arg1 hungaricus 643:652 Aquipuribacter hungaricus 628:652 Aquipuribacter hungaricus 628:652 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 4 13 theme protease 459:466 arg1 activities 487:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 Strain AMV4T was positive for oxidase, aesculinase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities. 25908706 2 14 from India 265:269 arg1 located 233:239 located 233:239 located 233:239 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 9 15 theme strain 1228:1233 arg1 AMV4T 1235:1239 strain AMV4T 1228:1239 strain AMV4T 1228:1239 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908706 8 16 theme fatty 1016:1020 arg1 iso-C15  1033:1040 iso-C15  1033:1040 iso-C15  1033:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 16 theme fatty 1016:1020 arg1 acids 1022:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids 991:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids 991:1026 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 16 theme fatty 1016:1020 arg1  0 1042:1043  0 1042:1043  0 1042:1043 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 4 17 theme lysine 352:357 arg1 decarboxylase 359:371 lysine decarboxylase 352:371 lysine decarboxylase 352:371 Strain AMV4T was positive for oxidase, aesculinase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities. 25908706 1 18 theme soil 57:60 arg1 sample 62:67 a soil sample 55:67 a soil sample of a mud volcano 55:84 nov., isolated from a soil sample of a mud volcano. 25908706 12 19 theme DNA 1490:1492 arg1 % 1534:1534 74.3 mol% 1526:1534 74.3 mol% 1526:1534 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T was 74.3 mol%. 25908706 12 19 theme DNA 1490:1492 arg1 content 1498:1504 The DNA G+C content 1486:1504 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T 1486:1520 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T was 74.3 mol%. 25908706 9 20 theme AMV4T 1235:1239 arg1 peptidoglycan 1211:1223 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1197:1223 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T 1197:1239 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908706 5 21 theme % 689:689 arg1 similarity 670:679 a sequence similarity 659:679 a sequence similarity of 97.13% 659:689 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 4 22 theme amylase 429:435 arg1 activities 487:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 Strain AMV4T was positive for oxidase, aesculinase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities. 25908706 2 23 attach isolated 176:183 arg2 bacterium 136:144 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium 87:144 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium 87:144 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 2 23 attach isolated 176:183 arg1 sample 197:202 a soil sample 190:202 a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India 190:269 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 5 24 theme sequence 513:520 arg1 analysis 522:529 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 499:529 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 499:529 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 2 25 theme located 233:239 arg1 volcano 225:231 a mud volcano 219:231 a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India 219:269 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 5 26 dep related 617:623 arg1 alignment 701:709 pairwise alignment 692:709 pairwise alignment 692:709 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 13 27 theme taxonomic 1561:1569 arg1 study 1571:1575 this taxonomic study 1556:1575 this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach 1556:1603 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 4 28 theme catalase 438:445 arg1 activities 487:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 Strain AMV4T was positive for oxidase, aesculinase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities. 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1 % 1091:1091 12.9% 1087:1091 12.9% 1087:1091 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1 C18  1142:1145 C18  1142:1145 C18  1142:1145 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1  0 1066:1067  0 1066:1067  0 1066:1067 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1 % 1115:1115 5.6% 1112:1115 5.6% 1112:1115 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1  3ω6,9,12c 1147:1156  3ω6,9,12c 1147:1156  3ω6,9,12c 1147:1156 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1  0 1083:1084  0 1083:1084  0 1083:1084 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1 % 1135:1135 19.8% 1131:1135 19.8% 1131:1135 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1 % 1162:1162 9.1% 1159:1162 9.1% 1159:1162 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1  0 1108:1109  0 1108:1109  0 1108:1109 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1 % 1074:1074 25.3% 1070:1074 25.3% 1070:1074 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 8 29 dep  0 1042:1043 arg1  1ω9c 1124:1128  1ω9c 1124:1128  1ω9c 1124:1128 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (6.9%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.3%), C16 : 0 (12.9%), anteiso-C16 : 0 (5.6%), C18 : 1ω9c (19.8%) and C18 : 3ω6,9,12c (9.1%). 25908706 12 30 theme 74.3 mol 1526:1533 arg1 % 1534:1534 74.3 mol% 1526:1534 74.3 mol% 1526:1534 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T was 74.3 mol%. 25908706 12 30 theme 74.3 mol 1526:1533 arg1 content 1498:1504 The DNA G+C content 1486:1504 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T 1486:1520 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T was 74.3 mol%. 25908706 11 31 theme unidentified 1400:1411 arg1 glycolipid 1413:1422 one unidentified glycolipid 1396:1422 one unidentified glycolipid 1396:1422 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. 25908706 11 31 theme unidentified 1400:1411 arg1 lipids 1478:1483 five unidentified lipids 1460:1483 five unidentified lipids 1460:1483 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. 25908706 11 31 theme unidentified 1400:1411 arg1 phospholipids 1442:1454 two unidentified phospholipids 1425:1454 two unidentified phospholipids 1425:1454 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. 25908706 5 32 with related 617:623 arg1 similarity 670:679 a sequence similarity 659:679 a sequence similarity of 97.13% 659:689 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 6 33 theme Intrasporangiaceae 861:878 arg1 genera 840:845 the other genera 830:845 the other genera of the family Intrasporangiaceae 830:878 Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain AMV4T clustered with Aquipuribacter hungaricus and was distantly related to the other genera of the family Intrasporangiaceae. 25908706 11 34 theme polar 1348:1352 arg1 lipids 1354:1359 The polar lipids 1344:1359 The polar lipids 1344:1359 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. 25908706 5 35 theme order 579:583 arg1 Actinomycetales 585:599 the order Actinomycetales 575:599 the order Actinomycetales 575:599 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 1 36 theme mud 74:76 arg1 volcano 78:84 a mud volcano 72:84 a mud volcano 72:84 nov., isolated from a soil sample of a mud volcano. 25908706 13 37 theme name 1714:1717 arg1 sp 1750:1751 the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp 1700:1751 the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp 1700:1751 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 6 38 dep Aquipuribacter 775:788 arg1 hungaricus 790:799 Aquipuribacter hungaricus 775:799 Aquipuribacter hungaricus 775:799 Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain AMV4T clustered with Aquipuribacter hungaricus and was distantly related to the other genera of the family Intrasporangiaceae. 25908706 6 39 theme Phylogenetic 713:724 arg1 analyses 726:733 Phylogenetic analyses 713:733 Phylogenetic analyses 713:733 Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain AMV4T clustered with Aquipuribacter hungaricus and was distantly related to the other genera of the family Intrasporangiaceae. 25908706 1 40 theme volcano 78:84 arg1 sample 62:67 a soil sample 55:67 a soil sample of a mud volcano 55:84 nov., isolated from a soil sample of a mud volcano. 25908706 10 41 theme Strain 1271:1276 arg1 AMV4T 1278:1282 Strain AMV4T 1271:1282 Strain AMV4T 1271:1282 Strain AMV4T contained MK-10(H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone. 25908706 11 42 theme unidentified 1429:1440 arg1 glycolipid 1413:1422 one unidentified glycolipid 1396:1422 one unidentified glycolipid 1396:1422 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. 25908706 11 42 theme unidentified 1429:1440 arg1 phospholipids 1442:1454 two unidentified phospholipids 1425:1454 two unidentified phospholipids 1425:1454 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. 25908706 7 43 theme % 988:988 arg1 relatedness 971:981 a relatedness 969:981 a relatedness of 28% 969:988 DNA-DNA hybridization between strains AMV4T and Aquipuribacter hungaricus IV-75T showed a relatedness of 28%. 25908706 13 44 theme novel 1652:1656 arg1 species 1658:1664 a novel species 1650:1664 a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter 1650:1692 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 15 45 theme type 1763:1766 arg1 AMV4T 1778:1782 AMV4T 1778:1782 AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T) 1778:1827 The type strain is AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T). 25908706 15 45 theme type 1763:1766 arg1 strain 1768:1773 The type strain 1759:1773 The type strain 1759:1773 The type strain is AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T). 25908706 5 46 theme sequence 661:668 arg1 similarity 670:679 a sequence similarity 659:679 a sequence similarity of 97.13% 659:689 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 2 47 theme strain 158:163 arg1 AMV4T 165:169 strain AMV4T 158:169 strain AMV4T 158:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 13 48 theme nitratireducens 1734:1748 arg1 sp 1750:1751 the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp 1700:1751 the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp 1700:1751 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 10 49 contain contained 1284:1292 arg2 MK-10 1294:1298 MK-10 1294:1298 MK-10(H4) 1294:1302 Strain AMV4T contained MK-10(H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone. 25908706 10 49 contain contained 1284:1292 arg1 AMV4T 1278:1282 Strain AMV4T 1271:1282 Strain AMV4T 1271:1282 Strain AMV4T contained MK-10(H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone. 25908706 10 49 contain contained 1284:1292 arg2 quinone 1335:1341 the predominant respiratory quinone 1307:1341 the predominant respiratory quinone 1307:1341 Strain AMV4T contained MK-10(H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone. 25908706 10 49 contain contained 1284:1292 arg2 H4 1300:1301 H4 1300:1301 H4 1300:1301 Strain AMV4T contained MK-10(H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone. 25908706 13 50 theme suggested 1704:1712 arg1 sp 1750:1751 the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp 1700:1751 the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp 1700:1751 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 13 51 theme genus 1673:1677 arg1 Aquipuribacter 1679:1692 the genus Aquipuribacter 1669:1692 the genus Aquipuribacter 1669:1692 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 9 52 theme diamino 1181:1187 arg1 acid 1265:1268 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1245:1268 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1245:1268 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908706 9 52 theme diamino 1181:1187 arg1 acid 1189:1192 The diagnostic diamino acid 1166:1192 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T 1166:1239 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908706 11 53 theme unidentified 1465:1476 arg1 lipids 1478:1483 five unidentified lipids 1460:1483 five unidentified lipids 1460:1483 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. 25908706 11 53 theme unidentified 1465:1476 arg1 glycolipid 1413:1422 one unidentified glycolipid 1396:1422 one unidentified glycolipid 1396:1422 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. 25908706 4 54 theme lipase 480:485 arg1 activities 487:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 Strain AMV4T was positive for oxidase, aesculinase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities. 25908706 4 55 theme urease 469:474 arg1 activities 487:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities 429:496 Strain AMV4T was positive for oxidase, aesculinase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities. 25908706 15 56 theme  = CCUG 1785:1791 arg1 107137T 1820:1826  = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T 1785:1826  = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T 1785:1826 The type strain is AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T). 25908706 15 56 theme  = CCUG 1785:1791 arg1 AMV4T 1778:1782 AMV4T 1778:1782 AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T) 1778:1827 The type strain is AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T). 25908706 12 57 theme AMV4T 1516:1520 arg1 % 1534:1534 74.3 mol% 1526:1534 74.3 mol% 1526:1534 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T was 74.3 mol%. 25908706 12 57 theme AMV4T 1516:1520 arg1 content 1498:1504 The DNA G+C content 1486:1504 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T 1486:1520 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T was 74.3 mol%. 25908706 2 58 theme soil 192:195 arg1 sample 197:202 a soil sample 190:202 a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India 190:269 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 5 59 theme 16S 499:501 arg1 rRNA 503:506 16S rRNA 499:506 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 499:529 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 6 60 theme family 854:859 arg1 Intrasporangiaceae 861:878 the family Intrasporangiaceae 850:878 the family Intrasporangiaceae 850:878 Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain AMV4T clustered with Aquipuribacter hungaricus and was distantly related to the other genera of the family Intrasporangiaceae. 25908706 9 61 theme diagnostic 1170:1179 arg1 acid 1265:1268 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1245:1268 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1245:1268 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908706 9 61 theme diagnostic 1170:1179 arg1 acid 1189:1192 The diagnostic diamino acid 1166:1192 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T 1166:1239 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908706 10 62 theme respiratory 1323:1333 arg1 MK-10 1294:1298 MK-10 1294:1298 MK-10(H4) 1294:1302 Strain AMV4T contained MK-10(H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone. 25908706 10 62 theme respiratory 1323:1333 arg1 quinone 1335:1341 the predominant respiratory quinone 1307:1341 the predominant respiratory quinone 1307:1341 Strain AMV4T contained MK-10(H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone. 25908706 13 63 from study 1571:1575 arg1 data 1546:1549 data 1546:1549 data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach 1546:1603 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 5 64 theme rRNA 503:506 arg1 analysis 522:529 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 499:529 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 499:529 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 4 65 dep oxidase 330:336 arg1 activities 401:410 activities 401:410 activities 401:410 Strain AMV4T was positive for oxidase, aesculinase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities. 25908706 2 66 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 non-motile 125:134 non-motile 125:134 non-motile 125:134 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 2 66 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 coccoid 116:122 coccoid 116:122 coccoid 116:122 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 9 67 from acid 1189:1192 arg1 peptidoglycan 1211:1223 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1197:1223 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T 1197:1239 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908706 15 68 theme 22863T = NBRC 1806:1818 arg1 107137T 1820:1826  = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T 1785:1826  = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T 1785:1826 The type strain is AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T). 25908706 15 68 theme 22863T = NBRC 1806:1818 arg1 AMV4T 1778:1782 AMV4T 1778:1782 AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T) 1778:1827 The type strain is AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T). 25908706 4 69 theme Strain 300:305 arg1 AMV4T 307:311 Strain AMV4T 300:311 Strain AMV4T 300:311 Strain AMV4T was positive for oxidase, aesculinase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities. 25908706 13 70 theme strain 1626:1631 arg1 AMV4T 1633:1637 strain AMV4T 1626:1637 strain AMV4T 1626:1637 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 2 71 from located 233:239 arg1 India 265:269 India 265:269 India 265:269 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 9 72 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1245:1263 arg1 acid 1265:1268 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1245:1268 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1245:1268 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908706 9 72 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1245:1263 arg1 acid 1189:1192 The diagnostic diamino acid 1166:1192 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T 1166:1239 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908706 5 73 theme gene 508:511 arg1 analysis 522:529 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 499:529 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 499:529 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 2 74 theme mud 221:223 arg1 volcano 225:231 a mud volcano 219:231 a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India 219:269 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AMV4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a mud volcano located in the Andaman Islands, India. 25908706 13 75 theme Aquipuribacter 1719:1732 arg1 sp 1750:1751 the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp 1700:1751 the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp 1700:1751 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 15 76 theme 58430T = DSM 1793:1804 arg1 107137T 1820:1826  = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T 1785:1826  = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T 1785:1826 The type strain is AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T). 25908706 15 76 theme 58430T = DSM 1793:1804 arg1 AMV4T 1778:1782 AMV4T 1778:1782 AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T) 1778:1827 The type strain is AMV4T ( = CCUG 58430T = DSM 22863T = NBRC 107137T). 25908706 5 77 theme pairwise 692:699 arg1 alignment 701:709 pairwise alignment 692:709 pairwise alignment 692:709 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AMV4T was a member of the order Actinomycetales and was closely related to Aquipuribacter hungaricus with a sequence similarity of 97.13% (pairwise alignment). 25908706 4 78 theme ornithine 377:385 arg1 decarboxylase 387:399 ornithine decarboxylase 377:399 ornithine decarboxylase 377:399 Strain AMV4T was positive for oxidase, aesculinase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for amylase, catalase, cellulase, protease, urease and lipase activities. 25908706 10 79 theme predominant 1311:1321 arg1 MK-10 1294:1298 MK-10 1294:1298 MK-10(H4) 1294:1302 Strain AMV4T contained MK-10(H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone. 25908706 10 79 theme predominant 1311:1321 arg1 quinone 1335:1341 the predominant respiratory quinone 1307:1341 the predominant respiratory quinone 1307:1341 Strain AMV4T contained MK-10(H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone. 25908706 7 80 theme DNA-DNA 881:887 arg1 hybridization 889:901 DNA-DNA hybridization 881:901 DNA-DNA hybridization between strains AMV4T and Aquipuribacter hungaricus IV-75T 881:960 DNA-DNA hybridization between strains AMV4T and Aquipuribacter hungaricus IV-75T showed a relatedness of 28%. 25908706 13 81 theme polyphasic 1585:1594 arg1 approach 1596:1603 a polyphasic approach 1583:1603 a polyphasic approach 1583:1603 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that strain AMV4T represents a novel species of the genus Aquipuribacter, with the suggested name Aquipuribacter nitratireducens sp. 25908706 3 82 theme pale 287:290 arg1 colony 276:281 The colony 272:281 The colony 272:281 The colony was pale orange. 25908706 3 82 theme pale 287:290 arg1 orange 292:297 pale orange 287:297 pale orange 287:297 The colony was pale orange. 25908706 12 83 theme strain 1509:1514 arg1 AMV4T 1516:1520 strain AMV4T 1509:1520 strain AMV4T 1509:1520 The DNA G+C content of strain AMV4T was 74.3 mol%. 25908706 9 84 theme cell-wall 1201:1209 arg1 peptidoglycan 1211:1223 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1197:1223 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T 1197:1239 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain AMV4T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24719328 7 0 from decrease 1479:1486 arg1 molecules 1536:1544 NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules 1491:1544 NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules 1491:1544 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 7 0 from decrease 1479:1486 arg1 VCAM1 1586:1590 VCAM1 1586:1590 VCAM1 1586:1590 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 4 1 theme adhesion 855:862 arg1 Reduction 833:841 Reduction 833:841 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs 833:885 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 2 theme cell 1031:1034 arg1 molecule 1067:1074 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 1011:1076 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) 1011:1084 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 2 theme cell 1031:1034 arg1 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 8 3 theme resistant 1680:1688 arg1 microenvironment 1663:1678 a microenvironment 1661:1678 a microenvironment resistant to monocyte adhesion via differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways 1661:1767 Overall, these results indicate that V3 expression by ASMCs creates a microenvironment resistant to monocyte adhesion via differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 0 4 dep -dependent 156:165 arg1 factor 113:118 epidermal growth factor 96:118 epidermal growth factor (EGF)- 96:125 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 0 4 dep -dependent 156:165 arg1 κB 147:148 nuclear factor κB 132:148 nuclear factor κB 132:148 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 0 4 dep -dependent 156:165 arg1 factor 78:83 tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)- 65:93 tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)- 65:93 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 0 4 dep -dependent 156:165 arg1 EGF 121:123 EGF 121:123 EGF 121:123 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 4 5 theme V3-expressing 867:879 arg1 ASMCs 881:885 V3-expressing ASMCs 867:885 V3-expressing ASMCs 867:885 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 6 theme vascular 1044:1051 arg1 molecule 1067:1074 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 1011:1076 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) 1011:1084 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 6 theme vascular 1044:1051 arg1 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 5 7 from effect 1134:1139 arg1 adhesion 1159:1166 monocyte adhesion 1150:1166 monocyte adhesion 1150:1166 Blocking these changes reverses the protective effect of V3 on monocyte adhesion. 24719328 8 8 theme monocyte 1693:1700 arg1 adhesion 1702:1709 monocyte adhesion 1693:1709 monocyte adhesion via differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways 1693:1767 Overall, these results indicate that V3 expression by ASMCs creates a microenvironment resistant to monocyte adhesion via differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 0 9 theme nuclear 132:138 arg1 κB 147:148 nuclear factor κB 132:148 nuclear factor κB 132:148 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 2 10 theme macrophage 566:575 arg1 accumulation 577:588 macrophage accumulation 566:588 macrophage accumulation 566:588 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 0 11 theme growth 106:111 arg1 factor 113:118 epidermal growth factor 96:118 epidermal growth factor (EGF)- 96:125 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 0 11 theme growth 106:111 arg1 EGF 121:123 EGF 121:123 EGF 121:123 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 8 12 theme regulating 1730:1739 arg1 pathways 1760:1767 differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways 1715:1767 differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways 1715:1767 Overall, these results indicate that V3 expression by ASMCs creates a microenvironment resistant to monocyte adhesion via differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 3 13 theme monocyte 699:706 arg1 adhesion 708:715 monocyte adhesion 699:715 monocyte adhesion 699:715 We now demonstrate that V3-expressing ASMCs resist monocyte adhesion by altering the composition of the microenvironment surrounding the cells by affecting multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 6 14 theme V3 1315:1316 arg1 expression 1318:1327 V3 expression 1315:1327 V3 expression 1315:1327 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 1 15 theme diseases 339:346 arg1 progression 309:319 progression 309:319 progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis 309:371 Monocyte/macrophage accumulation plays a critical role during progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. 24719328 8 16 theme signaling 1750:1758 arg1 pathways 1760:1767 differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways 1715:1767 differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways 1715:1767 Overall, these results indicate that V3 expression by ASMCs creates a microenvironment resistant to monocyte adhesion via differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 2 17 theme smooth 497:502 arg1 ASMCs 518:522 ASMCs 518:522 ASMCs 518:522 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 2 17 theme smooth 497:502 arg1 cells 511:515 arterial smooth muscle cells 488:515 arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) 488:523 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 6 18 theme pathways 1413:1420 arg1 blockade 1348:1355 the blockade 1344:1355 the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways 1344:1420 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 6 19 theme V3 1207:1208 arg1 expression 1210:1219 V3 expression 1207:1219 V3 expression 1207:1219 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 2 20 from model 595:599 arg1 vivo 642:645 vivo 642:645 vivo 642:645 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 6 21 theme cable 1288:1292 arg1 formation 1294:1302 hyaluronan cable formation 1277:1302 hyaluronan cable formation 1277:1302 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 0 22 theme monocyte 228:235 arg1 adhesion 237:244 monocyte adhesion 228:244 monocyte adhesion 228:244 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 2 23 theme variant 472:478 arg1 expression 435:444 retrovirally mediated expression 413:444 retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) 413:523 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 6 24 theme enhanced 1173:1180 arg1 elastogenesis 1182:1194 The enhanced elastogenesis 1169:1194 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression 1169:1219 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 2 25 from formation 629:637 arg1 vivo 642:645 vivo 642:645 vivo 642:645 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 3 26 theme microenvironment 752:767 arg1 composition 733:743 the composition 729:743 the composition of the microenvironment surrounding the cells 729:789 We now demonstrate that V3-expressing ASMCs resist monocyte adhesion by altering the composition of the microenvironment surrounding the cells by affecting multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 6 27 theme epidermal 1360:1368 arg1 receptor 1384:1391 epidermal growth factor receptor 1360:1391 epidermal growth factor receptor 1360:1391 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 6 28 theme activation 1402:1411 arg1 pathways 1413:1420 NFκB activation pathways 1397:1420 NFκB activation pathways 1397:1420 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 2 29 theme V3 462:463 arg1 V3 481:482 V3 481:482 V3 481:482 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 2 29 theme V3 462:463 arg1 variant 472:478 the versican V3 splice variant 449:478 the versican V3 splice variant (V3) 449:483 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 2 30 from vivo 642:645 arg1 model 595:599 a model 593:599 a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo 593:645 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 3 31 theme multiple 804:811 arg1 pathways 823:830 multiple signaling pathways 804:830 multiple signaling pathways 804:830 We now demonstrate that V3-expressing ASMCs resist monocyte adhesion by altering the composition of the microenvironment surrounding the cells by affecting multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 0 32 theme tumor 65:69 arg1 factor 78:83 tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)- 65:93 tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)- 65:93 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 1 33 theme critical 288:295 arg1 role 297:300 a critical role 286:300 a critical role 286:300 Monocyte/macrophage accumulation plays a critical role during progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. 24719328 7 34 theme monocyte 1559:1566 arg1 adhesion 1568:1575 monocyte adhesion 1559:1575 monocyte adhesion 1559:1575 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 4 35 theme matrix 932:937 arg1 generation 901:910 the generation 897:910 the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) 897:1084 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 0 36 theme signaling 167:175 arg1 pathways 177:184 tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways 65:184 tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways 65:184 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 0 37 theme arterial 29:36 arg1 cells 52:56 arterial smooth muscle cells 29:56 arterial smooth muscle cells 29:56 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 4 38 theme proinflammatory 1015:1029 arg1 molecule 1067:1074 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 1011:1076 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) 1011:1084 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 38 theme proinflammatory 1015:1029 arg1 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 2 39 theme neointimal 618:627 arg1 formation 629:637 lipid-induced neointimal formation 604:637 lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo 604:645 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 2 40 theme previous 378:385 arg1 studies 387:393 Our previous studies 374:393 Our previous studies 374:393 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 0 41 theme versican 14:21 arg1 V3 23:24 versican V3 14:24 versican V3 14:24 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 7 42 theme cell 1523:1526 arg1 molecules 1536:1544 NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules 1491:1544 NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules 1491:1544 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 7 42 theme cell 1523:1526 arg1 VCAM1 1586:1590 VCAM1 1586:1590 VCAM1 1586:1590 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 5 43 theme protective 1123:1132 arg1 effect 1134:1139 the protective effect 1119:1139 the protective effect of V3 on monocyte adhesion 1119:1166 Blocking these changes reverses the protective effect of V3 on monocyte adhesion. 24719328 7 44 theme NFκB-responsive 1491:1505 arg1 molecules 1536:1544 NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules 1491:1544 NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules 1491:1544 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 7 44 theme NFκB-responsive 1491:1505 arg1 VCAM1 1586:1590 VCAM1 1586:1590 VCAM1 1586:1590 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 2 45 theme splice 465:470 arg1 V3 481:482 V3 481:482 V3 481:482 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 2 45 theme splice 465:470 arg1 variant 472:478 the versican V3 splice variant 449:478 the versican V3 splice variant (V3) 449:483 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 6 46 theme factor 1377:1382 arg1 receptor 1384:1391 epidermal growth factor receptor 1360:1391 epidermal growth factor receptor 1360:1391 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 1 47 theme Monocyte/macrophage 247:265 arg1 accumulation 267:278 Monocyte/macrophage accumulation 247:278 Monocyte/macrophage accumulation 247:278 Monocyte/macrophage accumulation plays a critical role during progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. 24719328 6 48 theme TGFβ 1236:1239 arg1 signaling 1241:1249 TGFβ signaling 1236:1249 TGFβ signaling 1236:1249 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 4 49 theme molecule 1067:1074 arg1 hyaluronan 982:991 hyaluronan 982:991 hyaluronan 982:991 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 49 theme molecule 1067:1074 arg1 reduction 998:1006 reduction 998:1006 reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) 998:1084 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 8 50 theme V3 1630:1631 arg1 expression 1633:1642 V3 expression 1630:1642 V3 expression by ASMCs 1630:1651 Overall, these results indicate that V3 expression by ASMCs creates a microenvironment resistant to monocyte adhesion via differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 6 51 from reduction 1264:1272 arg1 formation 1294:1302 hyaluronan cable formation 1277:1302 hyaluronan cable formation 1277:1302 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 0 52 theme muscle 45:50 arg1 cells 52:56 arterial smooth muscle cells 29:56 arterial smooth muscle cells 29:56 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 4 53 theme surface 1036:1042 arg1 molecule 1067:1074 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 1011:1076 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) 1011:1084 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 53 theme surface 1036:1042 arg1 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 7 54 theme V3 1450:1451 arg1 expression 1436:1445 expression 1436:1445 expression of V3 by ASMCs 1436:1460 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 4 55 theme monocyte 846:853 arg1 adhesion 855:862 monocyte adhesion 846:862 monocyte adhesion 846:862 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 56 theme cell 1053:1056 arg1 molecule 1067:1074 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 1011:1076 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) 1011:1084 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 56 theme cell 1053:1056 arg1 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 2 57 theme monocyte 535:542 arg1 adhesion 544:551 monocyte adhesion 535:551 monocyte adhesion in vitro 535:560 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 0 58 theme factor 140:145 arg1 κB 147:148 nuclear factor κB 132:148 nuclear factor κB 132:148 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 0 59 theme smooth 38:43 arg1 cells 52:56 arterial smooth muscle cells 29:56 arterial smooth muscle cells 29:56 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 3 60 theme V3-expressing 672:684 arg1 ASMCs 686:690 V3-expressing ASMCs 672:690 V3-expressing ASMCs 672:690 We now demonstrate that V3-expressing ASMCs resist monocyte adhesion by altering the composition of the microenvironment surrounding the cells by affecting multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 2 61 theme muscle 504:509 arg1 ASMCs 518:522 ASMCs 518:522 ASMCs 518:522 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 2 61 theme muscle 504:509 arg1 cells 511:515 arterial smooth muscle cells 488:515 arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) 488:523 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 0 62 theme epidermal 96:104 arg1 factor 113:118 epidermal growth factor 96:118 epidermal growth factor (EGF)- 96:125 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 0 62 theme epidermal 96:104 arg1 EGF 121:123 EGF 121:123 EGF 121:123 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 8 63 theme multiple 1741:1748 arg1 pathways 1760:1767 differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways 1715:1767 differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways 1715:1767 Overall, these results indicate that V3 expression by ASMCs creates a microenvironment resistant to monocyte adhesion via differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 2 64 theme arterial 488:495 arg1 ASMCs 518:522 ASMCs 518:522 ASMCs 518:522 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 2 64 theme arterial 488:495 arg1 cells 511:515 arterial smooth muscle cells 488:515 arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) 488:523 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 6 65 theme hyaluronan 1277:1286 arg1 formation 1294:1302 hyaluronan cable formation 1277:1302 hyaluronan cable formation 1277:1302 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 6 66 theme growth 1370:1375 arg1 receptor 1384:1391 epidermal growth factor receptor 1360:1391 epidermal growth factor receptor 1360:1391 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 4 67 theme elastic 951:957 arg1 fibers 959:964 elastic fibers 951:964 elastic fibers 951:964 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 0 68 theme growth 71:76 arg1 factor 78:83 tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)- 65:93 tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)- 65:93 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 2 69 theme versican 453:460 arg1 V3 481:482 V3 481:482 V3 481:482 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 2 69 theme versican 453:460 arg1 variant 472:478 the versican V3 splice variant 449:478 the versican V3 splice variant (V3) 449:483 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 2 70 theme lipid-induced 604:616 arg1 formation 629:637 lipid-induced neointimal formation 604:637 lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo 604:645 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 3 71 theme signaling 813:821 arg1 pathways 823:830 multiple signaling pathways 804:830 multiple signaling pathways 804:830 We now demonstrate that V3-expressing ASMCs resist monocyte adhesion by altering the composition of the microenvironment surrounding the cells by affecting multiple signaling pathways. 24719328 4 72 theme extracellular 918:930 arg1 matrix 932:937 an extracellular matrix 915:937 an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) 915:1084 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 0 73 theme -dependent 156:165 arg1 pathways 177:184 tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways 65:184 tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways 65:184 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 1 74 theme cardiovascular 324:337 arg1 diseases 339:346 cardiovascular diseases 324:346 cardiovascular diseases 324:346 Monocyte/macrophage accumulation plays a critical role during progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. 24719328 1 74 theme cardiovascular 324:337 arg1 atherosclerosis 357:371 atherosclerosis 357:371 atherosclerosis 357:371 Monocyte/macrophage accumulation plays a critical role during progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. 24719328 4 75 dep matrix 932:937 arg1 enriched 939:946 enriched 939:946 enriched in elastic fibers 939:964 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 75 dep matrix 932:937 arg1 depleted 970:977 depleted 970:977 depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) 970:1084 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 2 76 theme formation 629:637 arg1 model 595:599 a model 593:599 a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo 593:645 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 0 77 theme V3 23:24 arg1 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells 0:56 Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor β (TGFβ)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. 24719328 5 78 theme monocyte 1150:1157 arg1 adhesion 1159:1166 monocyte adhesion 1150:1166 monocyte adhesion 1150:1166 Blocking these changes reverses the protective effect of V3 on monocyte adhesion. 24719328 6 79 theme NFκB 1397:1400 arg1 pathways 1413:1420 NFκB activation pathways 1397:1420 NFκB activation pathways 1397:1420 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 7 80 theme surface 1528:1534 arg1 molecules 1536:1544 NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules 1491:1544 NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules 1491:1544 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 7 80 theme surface 1528:1534 arg1 VCAM1 1586:1590 VCAM1 1586:1590 VCAM1 1586:1590 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 6 81 theme receptor 1384:1391 arg1 blockade 1348:1355 the blockade 1344:1355 the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways 1344:1420 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 7 82 theme proinflammatory 1507:1521 arg1 molecules 1536:1544 NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules 1491:1544 NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules 1491:1544 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 7 82 theme proinflammatory 1507:1521 arg1 VCAM1 1586:1590 VCAM1 1586:1590 VCAM1 1586:1590 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24719328 2 83 theme mediated 426:433 arg1 expression 435:444 retrovirally mediated expression 413:444 retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) 413:523 Our previous studies demonstrated that retrovirally mediated expression of the versican V3 splice variant (V3) by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) decreases monocyte adhesion in vitro and macrophage accumulation in a model of lipid-induced neointimal formation in vivo. 24719328 5 84 theme V3 1144:1145 arg1 effect 1134:1139 the protective effect 1119:1139 the protective effect of V3 on monocyte adhesion 1119:1166 Blocking these changes reverses the protective effect of V3 on monocyte adhesion. 24719328 4 85 theme adhesion 1058:1065 arg1 molecule 1067:1074 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 1011:1076 the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) 1011:1084 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 4 85 theme adhesion 1058:1065 arg1 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 VCAM1 1079:1083 Reduction of monocyte adhesion to V3-expressing ASMCs is due to the generation of an extracellular matrix enriched in elastic fibers and depleted in hyaluronan, and reduction of the proinflammatory cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). 24719328 6 86 dep mediated 1224:1231 arg1 whereas 1252:1258 whereas 1252:1258 whereas 1252:1258 The enhanced elastogenesis induced by V3 expression is mediated by TGFβ signaling, whereas the reduction in hyaluronan cable formation induced by V3 expression is mediated by the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and NFκB activation pathways. 24719328 7 87 theme marked 1472:1477 arg1 decrease 1479:1486 a marked decrease 1470:1486 a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1 1470:1590 In addition, expression of V3 by ASMCs induced a marked decrease in NFκB-responsive proinflammatory cell surface molecules that mediate monocyte adhesion, such as VCAM1. 24493926 5 0 dep CTS 852:854 arg1 ratio 921:925 CTS weight ratio =1:1 910:930 CTS weight ratio =1:1 910:930 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 0 dep CTS 852:854 arg1 w/v 959:961 w/v 959:961 w/v 959:961 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 0 dep CTS 852:854 arg1 5-FU 905:908 5-FU 905:908 5-FU 905:908 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 0 dep CTS 852:854 arg1 minutes 989:995 cross-link time =50 minutes 969:995 cross-link time =50 minutes 969:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 0 dep CTS 852:854 arg1 CTS 852:854 CTS 852:854 CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes 852:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 0 dep CTS 852:854 arg1 % 956:956 TPP concentration =0.05% 933:956 TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v) 933:962 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 0 dep CTS 852:854 arg1 ratio 893:897 tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1 856:902 tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1 856:902 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 8 1 theme 5-FU 1512:1515 arg1 group 1517:1521 the 5-FU group 1508:1521 the 5-FU group 1508:1521 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 3 2 theme synthetic 526:534 arg1 product 536:542 The synthetic product 522:542 The synthetic product 522:542 The synthetic product was confirmed by infrared (IR) spectra and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance. 24493926 1 3 theme broad 264:268 arg1 prospect 270:277 a broad prospect 262:277 a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties 262:364 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 7 4 theme release 1352:1358 arg1 phases 1318:1323 three distinct phases 1303:1323 three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release 1303:1358 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 5 5 theme weight 886:891 arg1 CTS 852:854 CTS 852:854 CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes 852:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 5 theme weight 886:891 arg1 ratio 893:897 tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1 856:902 tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1 856:902 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 7 6 theme steady 1335:1340 arg1 release 1352:1358 quick, steady, and slow release 1328:1358 quick, steady, and slow release 1328:1358 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 7 7 theme distinct 1309:1316 arg1 phases 1318:1323 three distinct phases 1303:1323 three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release 1303:1358 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 7 8 theme quick 1328:1332 arg1 release 1352:1358 quick, steady, and slow release 1328:1358 quick, steady, and slow release 1328:1358 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 5 9 theme concentration 937:949 arg1 w/v 959:961 w/v 959:961 w/v 959:961 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 9 theme concentration 937:949 arg1 % 956:956 TPP concentration =0.05% 933:956 TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v) 933:962 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 10 theme sodium 873:878 arg1 CTS 852:854 CTS 852:854 CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes 852:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 10 theme sodium 873:878 arg1 ratio 893:897 tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1 856:902 tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1 856:902 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 2 11 theme glycyrrhetinic 440:453 arg1 acid 455:458 glycyrrhetinic acid 440:458 glycyrrhetinic acid 440:458 Here, we used chitosan (CTS) and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule glycyrrhetinic acid to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). 24493926 5 12 theme TPP 881:883 arg1 CTS 852:854 CTS 852:854 CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes 852:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 12 theme TPP 881:883 arg1 ratio 893:897 tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1 856:902 tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1 856:902 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 3 13 theme nuclear 598:604 arg1 resonance 615:623 hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance 587:623 hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance 587:623 The synthetic product was confirmed by infrared (IR) spectra and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance. 24493926 4 14 theme GA-CTS 749:754 arg1 nanomaterial 756:767 the GA-CTS nanomaterial 745:767 the GA-CTS nanomaterial 745:767 The GA-CTS/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) nanoparticles were synthesized by combining GA-CTS and 5-FU and conjugating 5-FU onto the GA-CTS nanomaterial. 24493926 6 15 theme GA-CTS/5-FU 998:1008 arg1 nanoparticles 1010:1022 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles 998:1022 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles 998:1022 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 7 16 theme sustained 1267:1275 arg1 system 1285:1290 a sustained release system 1265:1290 a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release 1265:1358 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 7 17 theme degrading 1234:1242 arg1 enzyme 1244:1249 plasma degrading enzyme 1227:1249 plasma degrading enzyme 1227:1249 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 7 18 theme GA-CTS/5-FU 1158:1168 arg1 nanoparticle 1170:1181 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle 1154:1181 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle 1154:1181 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 7 19 contain had 1183:1185 arg1 nanoparticle 1170:1181 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle 1154:1181 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle 1154:1181 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 7 19 contain had 1183:1185 arg2 effect 1200:1205 a protective effect 1187:1205 a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme 1187:1249 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 8 20 theme half-life 1398:1406 arg1 time 1408:1411 half-life time 1398:1411 half-life time 1398:1411 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 4 21 theme conjugating 723:733 arg1 5-FU 735:738 conjugating 5-FU 723:738 conjugating 5-FU 723:738 The GA-CTS/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) nanoparticles were synthesized by combining GA-CTS and 5-FU and conjugating 5-FU onto the GA-CTS nanomaterial. 24493926 0 22 theme characteristics 100:114 arg1 synthesis 10:18 synthesis 10:18 synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles and their characteristics 10:114 Optimized synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles and their characteristics. 24493926 1 23 theme polymeric 188:196 arg1 material 198:205 natural or synthetic polymeric material 167:205 natural or synthetic polymeric material 167:205 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 1 23 theme polymeric 188:196 arg1 carrier 212:218 a carrier 210:218 a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues 210:255 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 8 24 theme residence 1419:1427 arg1 time 1429:1432 mean residence time 1414:1432 mean residence time 1414:1432 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 2 25 used used 376:379 arg2 we 373:374 we 373:374 we 373:374 Here, we used chitosan (CTS) and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule glycyrrhetinic acid to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). 24493926 5 26 theme central 774:780 arg1 design 792:797 The central composite design 770:797 The central composite design 770:797 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 27 theme CTS 910:912 arg1 ratio 921:925 CTS weight ratio =1:1 910:930 CTS weight ratio =1:1 910:930 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 27 theme CTS 910:912 arg1 CTS 852:854 CTS 852:854 CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes 852:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 1 28 theme clinical 283:290 arg1 application 292:302 clinical application 283:302 clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties 283:364 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 1 29 theme nanoparticle 121:132 arg1 system 148:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system 117:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system 117:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 9 30 theme tumor 1671:1675 arg1 growth 1677:1682 tumor growth 1671:1682 tumor growth 1671:1682 We demonstrated that the nanoparticles accumulated in the liver and have significantly inhibited tumor growth in an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model. 24493926 2 31 theme binding 423:429 arg1 molecule 431:438 hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule 400:438 hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule 400:438 Here, we used chitosan (CTS) and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule glycyrrhetinic acid to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). 24493926 1 32 theme delivery 139:146 arg1 system 148:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system 117:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system 117:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 6 33 theme mean 1030:1033 arg1 size 1044:1047 a mean particle size 1028:1047 a mean particle size of 193.7 nm 1028:1059 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 2 34 theme hepatoma 400:407 arg1 molecule 431:438 hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule 400:438 hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule 400:438 Here, we used chitosan (CTS) and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule glycyrrhetinic acid to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). 24493926 0 35 theme acid-modified 38:50 arg1 nanoparticles 76:88 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles 23:88 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles 23:88 Optimized synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles and their characteristics. 24493926 1 36 theme targeting 312:320 arg1 properties 355:364 its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties 308:364 its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties 308:364 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 7 37 theme plasma 1227:1232 arg1 enzyme 1244:1249 plasma degrading enzyme 1227:1249 plasma degrading enzyme 1227:1249 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 2 38 theme glycyrrhetinic 474:487 arg1 GA-CTS 513:518 GA-CTS 513:518 GA-CTS 513:518 Here, we used chitosan (CTS) and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule glycyrrhetinic acid to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). 24493926 2 38 theme glycyrrhetinic 474:487 arg1 chitosan 503:510 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 474:510 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS) 474:519 Here, we used chitosan (CTS) and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule glycyrrhetinic acid to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). 24493926 8 39 theme GA-CTS/5-FU 1462:1472 arg1 curve 1453:1457 the curve 1449:1457 the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU 1449:1472 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 5 40 theme preparation 829:839 arg1 CTS 852:854 CTS 852:854 CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes 852:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 40 theme preparation 829:839 arg1 process 841:847 the preparation process 825:847 the preparation process 825:847 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 1 41 theme slow-release 323:334 arg1 properties 355:364 its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties 308:364 its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties 308:364 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 9 42 theme cancer 1708:1713 arg1 model 1721:1725 an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model 1687:1725 an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model 1687:1725 We demonstrated that the nanoparticles accumulated in the liver and have significantly inhibited tumor growth in an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model. 24493926 6 43 theme drug 1131:1134 arg1 loading 1136:1142 a drug loading 1129:1142 a drug loading of 1.56% 1129:1151 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 1 44 theme targeted 240:247 arg1 tissues 249:255 targeted tissues 240:255 targeted tissues 240:255 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 7 45 theme slow 1347:1350 arg1 release 1352:1358 quick, steady, and slow release 1328:1358 quick, steady, and slow release 1328:1358 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 5 46 theme cross-link 969:978 arg1 minutes 989:995 cross-link time =50 minutes 969:995 cross-link time =50 minutes 969:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 8 47 theme maximum 1532:1538 arg1 concentration 1540:1552 the maximum concentration 1528:1552 the maximum concentration (C(max)) 1528:1561 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 8 47 theme maximum 1532:1538 arg1 lower 1567:1571 lower 1567:1571 lower 1567:1571 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 9 48 theme orthotropic 1690:1700 arg1 model 1721:1725 an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model 1687:1725 an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model 1687:1725 We demonstrated that the nanoparticles accumulated in the liver and have significantly inhibited tumor growth in an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model. 24493926 7 49 theme protective 1189:1198 arg1 effect 1200:1205 a protective effect 1187:1205 a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme 1187:1249 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 4 50 theme GA-CTS/5-fluorouracil 630:650 arg1 nanoparticles 659:671 The GA-CTS/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) nanoparticles 626:671 The GA-CTS/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) nanoparticles 626:671 The GA-CTS/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) nanoparticles were synthesized by combining GA-CTS and 5-FU and conjugating 5-FU onto the GA-CTS nanomaterial. 24493926 3 51 theme infrared 561:568 arg1 spectra 575:581 infrared (IR) spectra 561:581 infrared (IR) spectra 561:581 The synthetic product was confirmed by infrared (IR) spectra and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance. 24493926 0 52 theme 5-fluorouracil 61:74 arg1 nanoparticles 76:88 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles 23:88 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles 23:88 Optimized synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles and their characteristics. 24493926 7 53 from effect 1200:1205 arg1 drug 1214:1217 the drug 1210:1217 the drug 1210:1217 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 6 54 theme mV 1121:1122 arg1 index 1079:1083 a polydispersity index 1062:1083 a polydispersity index of 0.003 1062:1092 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 54 theme mV 1121:1122 arg1 loading 1136:1142 a drug loading 1129:1142 a drug loading of 1.56% 1129:1151 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 54 theme mV 1121:1122 arg1 size 1044:1047 a mean particle size 1028:1047 a mean particle size of 193.7 nm 1028:1059 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 54 theme mV 1121:1122 arg1 potential 1102:1110 a zeta potential 1095:1110 a zeta potential of +27.4 mV 1095:1122 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 3 55 theme IR 571:572 arg1 spectra 575:581 infrared (IR) spectra 561:581 infrared (IR) spectra 561:581 The synthetic product was confirmed by infrared (IR) spectra and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance. 24493926 5 56 theme tripolyphosphate 856:871 arg1 CTS 852:854 CTS 852:854 CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes 852:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 56 theme tripolyphosphate 856:871 arg1 ratio 893:897 tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1 856:902 tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1 856:902 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 6 57 theme zeta 1097:1100 arg1 potential 1102:1110 a zeta potential 1095:1110 a zeta potential of +27.4 mV 1095:1122 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 3 58 theme magnetic 606:613 arg1 resonance 615:623 hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance 587:623 hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance 587:623 The synthetic product was confirmed by infrared (IR) spectra and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance. 24493926 3 59 theme hydrogen-1 587:596 arg1 resonance 615:623 hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance 587:623 hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance 587:623 The synthetic product was confirmed by infrared (IR) spectra and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance. 24493926 5 60 theme weight 914:919 arg1 ratio 921:925 CTS weight ratio =1:1 910:930 CTS weight ratio =1:1 910:930 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 60 theme weight 914:919 arg1 CTS 852:854 CTS 852:854 CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes 852:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 8 61 theme peak 1387:1390 arg1 longer 1479:1484 longer 1479:1484 longer 1479:1484 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 8 61 theme peak 1387:1390 arg1 time 1392:1395 the peak time 1383:1395 the peak time 1383:1395 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 6 62 theme % 1151:1151 arg1 index 1079:1083 a polydispersity index 1062:1083 a polydispersity index of 0.003 1062:1092 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 62 theme % 1151:1151 arg1 loading 1136:1142 a drug loading 1129:1142 a drug loading of 1.56% 1129:1151 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 62 theme % 1151:1151 arg1 size 1044:1047 a mean particle size 1028:1047 a mean particle size of 193.7 nm 1028:1059 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 62 theme % 1151:1151 arg1 potential 1102:1110 a zeta potential 1095:1110 a zeta potential of +27.4 mV 1095:1122 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 8 63 dep concentration 1540:1552 arg1 C 1555:1555 C 1555:1555 C(max) 1555:1560 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 8 63 dep concentration 1540:1552 arg1 max 1557:1559 max 1557:1559 max 1557:1559 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 5 64 theme composite 782:790 arg1 design 792:797 The central composite design 770:797 The central composite design 770:797 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 1 65 theme natural 167:173 arg1 material 198:205 natural or synthetic polymeric material 167:205 natural or synthetic polymeric material 167:205 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 1 65 theme natural 167:173 arg1 carrier 212:218 a carrier 210:218 a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues 210:255 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 7 66 theme release 1277:1283 arg1 system 1285:1290 a sustained release system 1265:1290 a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release 1265:1358 The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle had a protective effect on the drug against plasma degrading enzyme, and provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady, and slow release. 24493926 1 67 theme biodegradable 341:353 arg1 properties 355:364 its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties 308:364 its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties 308:364 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 1 68 theme synthetic 178:186 arg1 material 198:205 natural or synthetic polymeric material 167:205 natural or synthetic polymeric material 167:205 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 1 68 theme synthetic 178:186 arg1 carrier 212:218 a carrier 210:218 a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues 210:255 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 8 69 theme mean 1414:1417 arg1 time 1429:1432 mean residence time 1414:1432 mean residence time 1414:1432 Our study showed that the peak time, half-life time, mean residence time and area under the curve of GA-CTS/5-FU were longer or more than those of the 5-FU group, but the maximum concentration (C(max)) was lower. 24493926 6 70 contain had 1024:1026 arg2 loading 1136:1142 a drug loading 1129:1142 a drug loading of 1.56% 1129:1151 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 70 contain had 1024:1026 arg2 index 1079:1083 a polydispersity index 1062:1083 a polydispersity index of 0.003 1062:1092 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 70 contain had 1024:1026 arg2 size 1044:1047 a mean particle size 1028:1047 a mean particle size of 193.7 nm 1028:1059 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 70 contain had 1024:1026 arg2 potential 1102:1110 a zeta potential 1095:1110 a zeta potential of +27.4 mV 1095:1122 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 70 contain had 1024:1026 arg1 nanoparticles 1010:1022 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles 998:1022 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles 998:1022 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 71 theme nm 1058:1059 arg1 index 1079:1083 a polydispersity index 1062:1083 a polydispersity index of 0.003 1062:1092 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 71 theme nm 1058:1059 arg1 loading 1136:1142 a drug loading 1129:1142 a drug loading of 1.56% 1129:1151 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 71 theme nm 1058:1059 arg1 size 1044:1047 a mean particle size 1028:1047 a mean particle size of 193.7 nm 1028:1059 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 71 theme nm 1058:1059 arg1 potential 1102:1110 a zeta potential 1095:1110 a zeta potential of +27.4 mV 1095:1122 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 5 72 theme TPP 933:935 arg1 w/v 959:961 w/v 959:961 w/v 959:961 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 5 72 theme TPP 933:935 arg1 % 956:956 TPP concentration =0.05% 933:956 TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v) 933:962 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 24493926 0 73 theme glycyrrhetinic 23:36 arg1 nanoparticles 76:88 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles 23:88 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles 23:88 Optimized synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles and their characteristics. 24493926 1 74 theme drug 134:137 arg1 system 148:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system 117:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system 117:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 1 75 contain has 258:260 arg1 system 148:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system 117:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system 117:153 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 1 75 contain has 258:260 arg2 prospect 270:277 a broad prospect 262:277 a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties 262:364 The nanoparticle drug delivery system, which uses natural or synthetic polymeric material as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted tissues, has a broad prospect for clinical application for its targeting, slow-release, and biodegradable properties. 24493926 6 76 theme particle 1035:1042 arg1 size 1044:1047 a mean particle size 1028:1047 a mean particle size of 193.7 nm 1028:1059 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 2 77 theme cell-specific 409:421 arg1 molecule 431:438 hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule 400:438 hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule 400:438 Here, we used chitosan (CTS) and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule glycyrrhetinic acid to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). 24493926 0 78 theme chitosan 52:59 arg1 nanoparticles 76:88 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles 23:88 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles 23:88 Optimized synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles and their characteristics. 24493926 2 79 theme acid-modified 489:501 arg1 GA-CTS 513:518 GA-CTS 513:518 GA-CTS 513:518 Here, we used chitosan (CTS) and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule glycyrrhetinic acid to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). 24493926 2 79 theme acid-modified 489:501 arg1 chitosan 503:510 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 474:510 glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS) 474:519 Here, we used chitosan (CTS) and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule glycyrrhetinic acid to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). 24493926 0 80 theme nanoparticles 76:88 arg1 synthesis 10:18 synthesis 10:18 synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles and their characteristics 10:114 Optimized synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles and their characteristics. 24493926 9 81 theme liver 1702:1706 arg1 model 1721:1725 an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model 1687:1725 an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model 1687:1725 We demonstrated that the nanoparticles accumulated in the liver and have significantly inhibited tumor growth in an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model. 24493926 6 82 theme 0.003 1088:1092 arg1 index 1079:1083 a polydispersity index 1062:1083 a polydispersity index of 0.003 1062:1092 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 82 theme 0.003 1088:1092 arg1 loading 1136:1142 a drug loading 1129:1142 a drug loading of 1.56% 1129:1151 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 82 theme 0.003 1088:1092 arg1 size 1044:1047 a mean particle size 1028:1047 a mean particle size of 193.7 nm 1028:1059 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 6 82 theme 0.003 1088:1092 arg1 potential 1102:1110 a zeta potential 1095:1110 a zeta potential of +27.4 mV 1095:1122 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 9 83 theme mouse 1715:1719 arg1 model 1721:1725 an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model 1687:1725 an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model 1687:1725 We demonstrated that the nanoparticles accumulated in the liver and have significantly inhibited tumor growth in an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model. 24493926 2 84 dep chitosan 381:388 arg1 acid 455:458 glycyrrhetinic acid 440:458 glycyrrhetinic acid 440:458 Here, we used chitosan (CTS) and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule glycyrrhetinic acid to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). 24493926 6 85 theme polydispersity 1064:1077 arg1 index 1079:1083 a polydispersity index 1062:1083 a polydispersity index of 0.003 1062:1092 GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 193.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.003, a zeta potential of +27.4 mV, and a drug loading of 1.56%. 24493926 5 86 theme time 980:983 arg1 minutes 989:995 cross-link time =50 minutes 969:995 cross-link time =50 minutes 969:995 The central composite design was performed to optimize the preparation process as CTS:tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) weight ratio =5:1, 5-FU:CTS weight ratio =1:1, TPP concentration =0.05% (w/v), and cross-link time =50 minutes. 29087268 6 0 theme d-Ala 1001:1005 arg1 sequences 962:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 0 theme d-Ala 1001:1005 arg1 occurrence 980:989 the occurrence 976:989 the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 976:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 2 1 theme laboratory 345:354 arg1 fermenter 362:370 an aerated laboratory scale fermenter 334:370 an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory 334:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 6 2 theme name 1596:1599 arg1 sp 1621:1622 the name Leucobacter weissii sp 1592:1622 the name Leucobacter weissii sp 1592:1622 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 3 from l-Dab 994:998 arg1 peptidoglycan 1067:1079 the peptidoglycan 1063:1079 the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1063:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 2 4 dep rod-shaped 234:243 arg1 yellow 277:282 yellow 277:282 yellow 277:282 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 2 4 dep rod-shaped 234:243 arg1 non-spore-forming 258:274 non-spore-forming 258:274 non-spore-forming 258:274 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 2 4 dep rod-shaped 234:243 arg1 non-motile 246:255 non-motile 246:255 non-motile 246:255 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 5 5 theme amino 618:622 arg1 glycine 678:684 glycine 678:684 glycine (Gly) 678:690 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 5 theme amino 618:622 arg1 acids 624:628 the peptidoglycan amino acids 600:628 the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) 600:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 5 theme amino 618:622 arg1 threonine 661:669 threonine 661:669 threonine (Thr) 661:675 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 5 theme amino 618:622 arg1 acid 649:652 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 630:652 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab) 630:658 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 5 theme amino 618:622 arg1 alanine 693:699 alanine 693:699 alanine (Ala) 693:705 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 5 theme amino 618:622 arg1 acid 720:723 glutamic acid 711:723 glutamic acid (Glu) 711:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 6 theme lower 1037:1041 arg1 l-Glu 1054:1058 l-Glu 1054:1058 l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1054:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 6 theme lower 1037:1041 arg1 amounts 1043:1049 lower amounts 1037:1049 lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1037:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 5 7 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 630:647 arg1 acids 624:628 the peptidoglycan amino acids 600:628 the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) 600:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 7 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 630:647 arg1 Dab 655:657 Dab 655:657 Dab 655:657 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 7 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 630:647 arg1 acid 649:652 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 630:652 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab) 630:658 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 1 8 theme genus 169:173 arg1 Leucobacter 175:185 the genus Leucobacter 165:185 the genus Leucobacter 165:185 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 6 9 theme d-Glu 1027:1031 arg1 sequences 962:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 9 theme d-Glu 1027:1031 arg1 occurrence 980:989 the occurrence 976:989 the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 976:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 10 theme major 1211:1215 arg1 lipids 1223:1228 the major polar lipids 1207:1228 the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid) 1207:1302 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 2 11 theme pigmented 284:292 arg1 actinobacterium 294:308 a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium 203:308 a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory 203:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 2 11 theme pigmented 284:292 arg1 S27T 195:198 Strain S27T 188:198 Strain S27T 188:198 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 6 12 with glycolipid 1193:1202 arg1 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids 1320:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 13 with analyses 936:943 arg1 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids 1320:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 8 14 theme emended 1686:1692 arg1 description 1694:1704 an emended description 1683:1704 an emended description of the genus Leucobacter 1683:1729 The availability of new data allows for an emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 2 15 theme Gram-stain-positive 205:223 arg1 actinobacterium 294:308 a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium 203:308 a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory 203:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 2 15 theme Gram-stain-positive 205:223 arg1 S27T 195:198 Strain S27T 188:198 Strain S27T 188:198 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 5 16 theme genus 767:771 arg1 definition 773:782 the current genus definition 755:782 the current genus definition of Microbacterium 755:800 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 17 theme unknown 1185:1191 arg1 glycolipid 1193:1202 one unknown glycolipid 1181:1202 one unknown glycolipid 1181:1202 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 18 theme fatty 1404:1408 arg1 acids 1410:1414 major fatty acids 1398:1414 major fatty acids 1398:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 5 19 theme species 840:846 arg1 combination 585:595 the combination 581:595 the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) 581:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 19 theme species 840:846 arg1 typical 809:815 typical 809:815 typical 809:815 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 20 theme genus 1480:1484 arg1 Leucobacter 1486:1496 the genus Leucobacter 1476:1496 the genus Leucobacter 1476:1496 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 8 21 theme genus 1713:1717 arg1 Leucobacter 1719:1729 the genus Leucobacter 1709:1729 the genus Leucobacter 1709:1729 The availability of new data allows for an emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 1 22 theme variation 123:131 arg1 B2δ 133:135 the peptidoglycan variation B2δ 105:135 the peptidoglycan variation B2δ 105:135 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 6 23 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 arg1 phospholipid 1290:1301 an unknown phospholipid 1279:1301 an unknown phospholipid 1279:1301 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 23 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 23 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 arg1 amounts 1241:1247 trace amounts 1235:1247 trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid 1235:1301 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 24 theme Comparative 924:934 arg1 analyses 936:943 Comparative analyses 924:943 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 924:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 4 25 theme peptidoglycan 482:494 arg1 analysis 466:473 the analysis 462:473 the analysis of its peptidoglycan 462:494 after the analysis of its peptidoglycan revealed a novel B-type structure established as variation B2δ by Hensel in 1984. 29087268 6 26 dep menaquinones 1119:1130 arg1 MK-10 1139:1143 MK-10 1139:1143 MK-10 1139:1143 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 26 dep menaquinones 1119:1130 arg1 MK-11 1132:1136 MK-11 1132:1136 MK-11 1132:1136 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 26 dep menaquinones 1119:1130 arg1 MK-9 1149:1152 MK-9 1149:1152 MK-9 1149:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 26 dep menaquinones 1119:1130 arg1 menaquinones 1119:1130 the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1101:1152 the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1101:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 27 dep lipids 1223:1228 arg1 phospholipid 1290:1301 an unknown phospholipid 1279:1301 an unknown phospholipid 1279:1301 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 27 dep lipids 1223:1228 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 27 dep lipids 1223:1228 arg1 amounts 1241:1247 trace amounts 1235:1247 trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid 1235:1301 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 1 28 theme emended 142:148 arg1 description 150:160 emended description 142:160 emended description of the genus Leucobacter 142:185 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 1 29 theme activated 46:54 arg1 sludge 56:61 activated sludge 46:61 activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ 46:135 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 6 30 theme 20621T 1527:1532 arg1 8762T 1539:1543 =DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T 1522:1543 =DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T 1522:1543 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 30 theme 20621T 1527:1532 arg1 S27T 1516:1519 S27T 1516:1519 S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) 1516:1544 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 31 from amounts 1043:1049 arg1 peptidoglycan 1067:1079 the peptidoglycan 1063:1079 the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1063:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 32 with G+C value 1424:1432 arg1 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids 1320:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 33 theme 70.1 mol 1437:1444 arg1 % 1445:1445 70.1 mol% 1437:1445 70.1 mol% 1437:1445 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 34 from l-Glu 1054:1058 arg1 peptidoglycan 1067:1079 the peptidoglycan 1063:1079 the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1063:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 0 35 theme Leucobacter 0:10 arg1 sp 20:21 Leucobacter weissii sp 0:21 Leucobacter weissii sp. 0:22 Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 8 36 theme new 1663:1665 arg1 data 1667:1670 new data 1663:1670 new data 1663:1670 The availability of new data allows for an emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 4 37 theme variation 545:553 arg1 B2δ 555:557 variation B2δ 545:557 variation B2δ 545:557 after the analysis of its peptidoglycan revealed a novel B-type structure established as variation B2δ by Hensel in 1984. 29087268 5 38 theme strain 873:878 arg1 S27T 880:883 strain S27T 873:883 strain S27T 873:883 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 39 theme sequences 962:970 arg1 profile 1307:1313 a profile 1305:1313 a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids 1305:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 39 theme sequences 962:970 arg1 analyses 936:943 Comparative analyses 924:943 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 924:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 39 theme sequences 962:970 arg1 glycolipid 1193:1202 one unknown glycolipid 1181:1202 one unknown glycolipid 1181:1202 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 39 theme sequences 962:970 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 39 theme sequences 962:970 arg1 G+C value 1424:1432 the G+C value 1420:1432 the G+C value of 70.1 mol% 1420:1445 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 Glu 726:728 Glu 726:728 Glu 726:728 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 glycine 678:684 glycine 678:684 glycine (Gly) 678:690 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 acids 624:628 the peptidoglycan amino acids 600:628 the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) 600:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 Ala 702:704 Ala 702:704 Ala 702:704 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 threonine 661:669 threonine 661:669 threonine (Thr) 661:675 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 Gly 687:689 Gly 687:689 Gly 687:689 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 Thr 672:674 Thr 672:674 Thr 672:674 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 acid 649:652 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 630:652 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab) 630:658 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 alanine 693:699 alanine 693:699 alanine (Ala) 693:705 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 Dab 655:657 Dab 655:657 Dab 655:657 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 40 dep acids 624:628 arg1 acid 720:723 glutamic acid 711:723 glutamic acid (Glu) 711:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 41 theme new 1570:1572 arg1 species 1574:1580 a new species 1568:1580 a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp 1568:1622 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 2 42 theme factory 399:405 arg1 wastes 381:386 wastes 381:386 wastes of a yeast factory 381:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 3 43 theme Microbacterium 437:450 arg1 sp 452:453 Microbacterium sp 437:453 Microbacterium sp 437:453 The strain was classified as Microbacterium sp. 29087268 3 43 theme Microbacterium 437:450 arg1 strain 412:417 The strain 408:417 The strain 408:417 The strain was classified as Microbacterium sp. 29087268 6 44 theme phospholipid 1290:1301 arg1 phospholipid 1290:1301 an unknown phospholipid 1279:1301 an unknown phospholipid 1279:1301 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 44 theme phospholipid 1290:1301 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 44 theme phospholipid 1290:1301 arg1 amounts 1241:1247 trace amounts 1235:1247 trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid 1235:1301 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 45 theme rRNA 952:955 arg1 sequences 962:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 4 46 theme B-type 513:518 arg1 structure 520:528 a novel B-type structure 505:528 a novel B-type structure established as variation B2δ by Hensel in 1984 505:575 after the analysis of its peptidoglycan revealed a novel B-type structure established as variation B2δ by Hensel in 1984. 29087268 2 47 theme aerated 337:343 arg1 fermenter 362:370 an aerated laboratory scale fermenter 334:370 an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory 334:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 6 48 theme type 1553:1556 arg1 strain 1558:1563 the type strain 1549:1563 the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp 1549:1622 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 48 theme type 1553:1556 arg1 S27T 1516:1519 S27T 1516:1519 S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) 1516:1544 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 2 49 theme Strain 188:193 arg1 actinobacterium 294:308 a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium 203:308 a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory 203:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 2 49 theme Strain 188:193 arg1 S27T 195:198 Strain S27T 188:198 Strain S27T 188:198 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 5 50 theme polyphasic 906:915 arg1 study 917:921 a polyphasic study 904:921 a polyphasic study 904:921 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 51 with phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 arg1 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids 1320:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 2 52 theme scale 356:360 arg1 fermenter 362:370 an aerated laboratory scale fermenter 334:370 an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory 334:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 6 53 theme Leucobacter 1601:1611 arg1 sp 1621:1622 the name Leucobacter weissii sp 1592:1622 the name Leucobacter weissii sp 1592:1622 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 54 theme l-Glu 1054:1058 arg1 amounts 1043:1049 lower amounts 1037:1049 lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1037:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 54 theme l-Glu 1054:1058 arg1 l-Thr 1020:1024 l-Thr 1020:1024 l-Thr 1020:1024 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 54 theme l-Glu 1054:1058 arg1 l-Glu 1054:1058 l-Glu 1054:1058 l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1054:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 54 theme l-Glu 1054:1058 arg1 d-Ala 1001:1005 d-Ala 1001:1005 d-Ala 1001:1005 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 54 theme l-Glu 1054:1058 arg1 l-Ala 1008:1012 l-Ala 1008:1012 l-Ala 1008:1012 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 54 theme l-Glu 1054:1058 arg1 d-Glu 1027:1031 d-Glu 1027:1031 d-Glu 1027:1031 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 54 theme l-Glu 1054:1058 arg1 l-Dab 994:998 l-Dab 994:998 l-Dab 994:998 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 5 55 theme peptidoglycan 604:616 arg1 glycine 678:684 glycine 678:684 glycine (Gly) 678:690 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 55 theme peptidoglycan 604:616 arg1 acids 624:628 the peptidoglycan amino acids 600:628 the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) 600:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 55 theme peptidoglycan 604:616 arg1 threonine 661:669 threonine 661:669 threonine (Thr) 661:675 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 55 theme peptidoglycan 604:616 arg1 acid 649:652 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 630:652 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab) 630:658 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 55 theme peptidoglycan 604:616 arg1 alanine 693:699 alanine 693:699 alanine (Ala) 693:705 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 55 theme peptidoglycan 604:616 arg1 acid 720:723 glutamic acid 711:723 glutamic acid (Glu) 711:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 2 56 attach isolated 320:327 arg2 S27T 195:198 Strain S27T 188:198 Strain S27T 188:198 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 2 56 attach isolated 320:327 arg2 actinobacterium 294:308 a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium 203:308 a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory 203:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 2 56 attach isolated 320:327 arg1 fermenter 362:370 an aerated laboratory scale fermenter 334:370 an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory 334:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 6 57 theme amounts 1043:1049 arg1 sequences 962:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 57 theme amounts 1043:1049 arg1 occurrence 980:989 the occurrence 976:989 the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 976:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 5 58 theme acids 624:628 arg1 combination 585:595 the combination 581:595 the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) 581:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 58 theme acids 624:628 arg1 typical 809:815 typical 809:815 typical 809:815 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 59 theme Microbacterium 787:800 arg1 definition 773:782 the current genus definition 755:782 the current genus definition of Microbacterium 755:800 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 8 60 theme data 1667:1670 arg1 availability 1647:1658 The availability 1643:1658 The availability of new data 1643:1670 The availability of new data allows for an emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 5 61 with disagreement 737:748 arg1 definition 773:782 the current genus definition 755:782 the current genus definition of Microbacterium 755:800 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 62 theme polar 1217:1221 arg1 lipids 1223:1228 the major polar lipids 1207:1228 the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid) 1207:1302 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 1 63 theme Leucobacter 175:185 arg1 description 150:160 emended description 142:160 emended description of the genus Leucobacter 142:185 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 1 63 theme Leucobacter 175:185 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 1 63 theme Leucobacter 175:185 arg1 isolate 33:39 an isolate 30:39 an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ 30:135 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 5 64 theme several 820:826 arg1 species 840:846 several Leucobacter species 820:846 several Leucobacter species 820:846 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 65 theme current 759:765 arg1 definition 773:782 the current genus definition 755:782 the current genus definition of Microbacterium 755:800 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 66 theme predominating 1105:1117 arg1 MK-10 1139:1143 MK-10 1139:1143 MK-10 1139:1143 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 66 theme predominating 1105:1117 arg1 MK-11 1132:1136 MK-11 1132:1136 MK-11 1132:1136 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 66 theme predominating 1105:1117 arg1 MK-9 1149:1152 MK-9 1149:1152 MK-9 1149:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 66 theme predominating 1105:1117 arg1 menaquinones 1119:1130 the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1101:1152 the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1101:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 2 67 dep Gram-stain-positive 205:223 arg1 regular 226:232 regular 226:232 regular 226:232 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 5 68 theme Leucobacter 828:838 arg1 species 840:846 several Leucobacter species 820:846 several Leucobacter species 820:846 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 8 69 theme Leucobacter 1719:1729 arg1 description 1694:1704 an emended description 1683:1704 an emended description of the genus Leucobacter 1683:1729 The availability of new data allows for an emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 6 70 theme major 1398:1402 arg1 acids 1410:1414 major fatty acids 1398:1414 major fatty acids 1398:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 1 71 theme peptidoglycan 109:121 arg1 B2δ 133:135 the peptidoglycan variation B2δ 105:135 the peptidoglycan variation B2δ 105:135 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 6 72 theme 16S 948:950 arg1 sequences 962:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 2 73 theme rod-shaped 234:243 arg1 actinobacterium 294:308 a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium 203:308 a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory 203:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 2 73 theme rod-shaped 234:243 arg1 S27T 195:198 Strain S27T 188:198 Strain S27T 188:198 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 1 74 theme B2δ 133:135 arg1 representative 87:100 first representative 81:100 first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ 81:135 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 6 75 from peptidoglycan 1067:1079 arg1 combination 1084:1094 combination 1084:1094 combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1084:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 75 from peptidoglycan 1067:1079 arg1 amounts 1043:1049 lower amounts 1037:1049 lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1037:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 75 from peptidoglycan 1067:1079 arg1 l-Thr 1020:1024 l-Thr 1020:1024 l-Thr 1020:1024 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 75 from peptidoglycan 1067:1079 arg1 l-Glu 1054:1058 l-Glu 1054:1058 l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1054:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 75 from peptidoglycan 1067:1079 arg1 d-Ala 1001:1005 d-Ala 1001:1005 d-Ala 1001:1005 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 75 from peptidoglycan 1067:1079 arg1 l-Ala 1008:1012 l-Ala 1008:1012 l-Ala 1008:1012 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 75 from peptidoglycan 1067:1079 arg1 d-Glu 1027:1031 d-Glu 1027:1031 d-Glu 1027:1031 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 75 from peptidoglycan 1067:1079 arg1 l-Dab 994:998 l-Dab 994:998 l-Dab 994:998 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 4 76 theme novel 507:511 arg1 structure 520:528 a novel B-type structure 505:528 a novel B-type structure established as variation B2δ by Hensel in 1984 505:575 after the analysis of its peptidoglycan revealed a novel B-type structure established as variation B2δ by Hensel in 1984. 29087268 6 77 theme trace 1235:1239 arg1 phospholipid 1290:1301 an unknown phospholipid 1279:1301 an unknown phospholipid 1279:1301 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 77 theme trace 1235:1239 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 diphosphatidylglycerol 1252:1273 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 77 theme trace 1235:1239 arg1 amounts 1241:1247 trace amounts 1235:1247 trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid 1235:1301 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 5 78 theme S27T 880:883 arg1 status 863:868 the taxonomic status 849:868 the taxonomic status of strain S27T 849:883 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 79 with combination 1084:1094 arg1 MK-10 1139:1143 MK-10 1139:1143 MK-10 1139:1143 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 79 with combination 1084:1094 arg1 MK-11 1132:1136 MK-11 1132:1136 MK-11 1132:1136 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 79 with combination 1084:1094 arg1 MK-9 1149:1152 MK-9 1149:1152 MK-9 1149:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 79 with combination 1084:1094 arg1 menaquinones 1119:1130 the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1101:1152 the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1101:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 80 theme =CCM 1534:1537 arg1 8762T 1539:1543 =DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T 1522:1543 =DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T 1522:1543 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 80 theme =CCM 1534:1537 arg1 S27T 1516:1519 S27T 1516:1519 S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) 1516:1544 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 81 theme % 1445:1445 arg1 profile 1307:1313 a profile 1305:1313 a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids 1305:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 81 theme % 1445:1445 arg1 analyses 936:943 Comparative analyses 924:943 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 924:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 81 theme % 1445:1445 arg1 glycolipid 1193:1202 one unknown glycolipid 1181:1202 one unknown glycolipid 1181:1202 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 81 theme % 1445:1445 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 81 theme % 1445:1445 arg1 G+C value 1424:1432 the G+C value 1420:1432 the G+C value of 70.1 mol% 1420:1445 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 82 theme l-Dab 994:998 arg1 sequences 962:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 82 theme l-Dab 994:998 arg1 occurrence 980:989 the occurrence 976:989 the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 976:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 83 theme =DSM 1522:1525 arg1 8762T 1539:1543 =DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T 1522:1543 =DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T 1522:1543 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 83 theme =DSM 1522:1525 arg1 S27T 1516:1519 S27T 1516:1519 S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) 1516:1544 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 0 84 theme weissii 12:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Leucobacter weissii sp 0:21 Leucobacter weissii sp. 0:22 Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 5 85 theme taxonomic 853:861 arg1 status 863:868 the taxonomic status 849:868 the taxonomic status of strain S27T 849:883 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 86 theme occurrence 980:989 arg1 profile 1307:1313 a profile 1305:1313 a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids 1305:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 86 theme occurrence 980:989 arg1 analyses 936:943 Comparative analyses 924:943 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 924:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 86 theme occurrence 980:989 arg1 glycolipid 1193:1202 one unknown glycolipid 1181:1202 one unknown glycolipid 1181:1202 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 86 theme occurrence 980:989 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 86 theme occurrence 980:989 arg1 G+C value 1424:1432 the G+C value 1420:1432 the G+C value of 70.1 mol% 1420:1445 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 87 from d-Glu 1027:1031 arg1 peptidoglycan 1067:1079 the peptidoglycan 1063:1079 the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1063:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 88 with profile 1307:1313 arg1 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15  1320:1331 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids 1320:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 1 89 theme first 81:85 arg1 representative 87:100 first representative 81:100 first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ 81:135 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 6 90 theme species 1574:1580 arg1 strain 1558:1563 the type strain 1549:1563 the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp 1549:1622 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 90 theme species 1574:1580 arg1 S27T 1516:1519 S27T 1516:1519 S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) 1516:1544 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 5 91 theme glutamic 711:718 arg1 acids 624:628 the peptidoglycan amino acids 600:628 the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) 600:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 91 theme glutamic 711:718 arg1 Glu 726:728 Glu 726:728 Glu 726:728 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 5 91 theme glutamic 711:718 arg1 acid 720:723 glutamic acid 711:723 glutamic acid (Glu) 711:729 As the combination of the peptidoglycan amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab), threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and glutamic acid (Glu) is in disagreement with the current genus definition of Microbacterium but is typical of several Leucobacter species, the taxonomic status of strain S27T was re-examined by a polyphasic study. 29087268 6 92 theme gene 957:960 arg1 sequences 962:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 2 93 theme yeast 393:397 arg1 factory 399:405 a yeast factory 391:405 a yeast factory 391:405 Strain S27T is a Gram-stain-positive, regular rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented actinobacterium which was isolated from an aerated laboratory scale fermenter fed with wastes of a yeast factory. 29087268 6 94 theme unknown 1282:1288 arg1 phospholipid 1290:1301 an unknown phospholipid 1279:1301 an unknown phospholipid 1279:1301 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 95 dep anteiso-C15  1320:1331 arg1  0 1376:1377  0 1376:1377  0 1376:1377 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 95 dep anteiso-C15  1320:1331 arg1  0 1333:1334  0 1333:1334  0 1333:1334 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 95 dep anteiso-C15  1320:1331 arg1 iso-C17  1383:1390 iso-C17  1383:1390 iso-C17  1383:1390 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 95 dep anteiso-C15  1320:1331 arg1  0 1392:1393  0 1392:1393 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids 1320:1414 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 95 dep anteiso-C15  1320:1331 arg1  0 1346:1347  0 1346:1347  0 1346:1347 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 95 dep anteiso-C15  1320:1331 arg1 anteiso-C17  1363:1374 anteiso-C17  1363:1374 anteiso-C17  1363:1374 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 96 theme l-Thr 1020:1024 arg1 sequences 962:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 96 theme l-Thr 1020:1024 arg1 occurrence 980:989 the occurrence 976:989 the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 976:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 97 from l-Thr 1020:1024 arg1 peptidoglycan 1067:1079 the peptidoglycan 1063:1079 the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1063:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 98 theme Gly 1015:1017 arg1 sequences 962:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 98 theme Gly 1015:1017 arg1 occurrence 980:989 the occurrence 976:989 the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 976:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 99 from d-Ala 1001:1005 arg1 peptidoglycan 1067:1079 the peptidoglycan 1063:1079 the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1063:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 100 theme l-Ala 1008:1012 arg1 sequences 962:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:970 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 100 theme l-Ala 1008:1012 arg1 occurrence 980:989 the occurrence 976:989 the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 976:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 6 101 from l-Ala 1008:1012 arg1 peptidoglycan 1067:1079 the peptidoglycan 1063:1079 the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9 1063:1152 Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of l-Dab, d-Ala, l-Ala, Gly, l-Thr, d-Glu and lower amounts of l-Glu in the peptidoglycan in combination with the predominating menaquinones MK-11, MK-10 and MK-9, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid as the major polar lipids (and trace amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid), a profile with anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids and the G+C value of 70.1 mol% confirmed the affiliation to the genus Leucobacter and revealed that S27T (=DSM 20621T =CCM 8762T) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Leucobacter weissii sp. 29087268 1 102 from sludge 56:61 arg1 description 150:160 emended description 142:160 emended description of the genus Leucobacter 142:185 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 1 102 from sludge 56:61 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 29087268 1 102 from sludge 56:61 arg1 isolate 33:39 an isolate 30:39 an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ 30:135 nov., an isolate from activated sludge once described as first representative of the peptidoglycan variation B2δ, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter. 28242258 7 0 theme inhibitory 1496:1505 arg1 MICs 1523:1526 MICs 1523:1526 MICs 1523:1526 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 7 0 theme inhibitory 1496:1505 arg1 concentrations 1507:1520 minimum inhibitory concentrations 1488:1520 minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) 1488:1527 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 8 1 theme strong 1679:1684 arg1 preference 1692:1701 a strong porin preference 1677:1701 a strong porin preference 1677:1701 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 3 2 theme hydrophilic 531:541 arg1 solutes 543:549 hydrophilic solutes 531:549 hydrophilic solutes 531:549 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 4 3 theme W3110 880:884 arg1 background 893:902 an E. coli W3110 strain background 869:902 an E. coli W3110 strain background 869:902 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 6 4 theme membrane 1179:1186 arg1 composition 1194:1204 the outer membrane porin composition 1169:1204 the outer membrane porin composition 1169:1204 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 3 5 theme molecular 573:581 arg1 determinants 583:594 multiple molecular determinants 564:594 multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance 564:638 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 7 6 from subject 1450:1456 arg1 conclusion 1348:1357 conclusion 1348:1357 conclusion 1348:1357 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 7 6 from subject 1450:1456 arg1 background 1387:1396 this susceptible strain background 1363:1396 this susceptible strain background 1363:1396 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 3 7 theme resistance 629:638 arg1 determinants 583:594 multiple molecular determinants 564:594 multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance 564:638 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 0 8 theme avibactam/β-lactam 104:121 arg1 combinations 123:134 avibactam/β-lactam combinations 104:134 avibactam/β-lactam combinations 104:134 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 3 9 theme susceptibility 610:623 arg1 determinants 583:594 multiple molecular determinants 564:594 multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance 564:638 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 6 10 with combination 1317:1327 arg1 avibactam 1334:1342 avibactam 1334:1342 avibactam 1334:1342 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 6 11 theme in 1246:1247 arg1 activity 1255:1262 the in vitro activity 1242:1262 the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam 1242:1342 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 0 12 from coli 57:60 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 0:135 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 7 13 theme susceptible 1368:1378 arg1 background 1387:1396 this susceptible strain background 1363:1396 this susceptible strain background 1363:1396 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 4 14 with panel 785:789 arg1 deletions 796:804 deletions 796:804 deletions in specific components of the cell envelope 796:848 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 6 15 theme appreciable 1219:1229 arg1 effects 1231:1237 appreciable effects 1219:1237 appreciable effects 1219:1237 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 4 16 theme partner 732:738 arg1 antibiotics 740:750 its partner antibiotics 728:750 its partner antibiotics 728:750 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 6 17 dep in 1246:1247 arg1 vitro 1249:1253 vitro 1249:1253 vitro 1249:1253 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 4 18 from role 660:663 arg1 activity 702:709 the activity 698:709 the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli 698:770 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 1 19 theme non-β-lactam 158:169 arg1 Avibactam 137:145 Avibactam 137:145 Avibactam 137:145 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 1 19 theme non-β-lactam 158:169 arg1 inhibitor 183:191 a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor 150:191 a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria 150:331 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 0 20 from Impact 0:5 arg1 coli 57:60 Escherichia coli 45:60 Escherichia coli 45:60 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 0 20 from Impact 0:5 arg1 activity 92:99 the in vitro antibacterial activity 65:99 the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations 65:134 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 4 21 theme specific 809:816 arg1 components 818:827 specific components 809:827 specific components of the cell envelope 809:848 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 7 22 from conclusion 1348:1357 arg1 subject 1450:1456 subject 1450:1456 subject 1450:1456 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 6 23 dep Mutations 1045:1053 arg1 alter 1163:1167 alter 1163:1167 to alter the outer membrane porin composition 1160:1204 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 6 23 dep Mutations 1045:1053 arg1 reduce 1099:1104 reduce 1099:1104 to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level 1096:1155 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 6 23 dep Mutations 1045:1053 arg1 shorten 1058:1064 shorten 1058:1064 to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1055:1093 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 4 24 from deletions 796:804 arg1 components 818:827 specific components 809:827 specific components of the cell envelope 809:848 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 1 25 theme infections 289:298 arg1 treatment 276:284 the treatment 272:284 the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria 272:331 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 8 26 from decrease 1584:1591 arg1 susceptibility 1596:1609 susceptibility 1596:1609 susceptibility to the test compounds 1596:1631 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 8 27 theme porin 1542:1546 arg1 mutations 1565:1573 the porin single or double mutations 1538:1573 the porin single or double mutations 1538:1573 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 2 28 theme class 447:451 arg1 β-lactamases 455:466 some class D β-lactamases 442:466 some class D β-lactamases 442:466 Avibactam protects the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics by inhibiting Ambler classes A and C and some class D β-lactamases. 28242258 0 29 theme defined 10:16 arg1 mutations 32:40 defined cell envelope mutations 10:40 defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli 10:60 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 7 30 from background 1387:1396 arg1 subject 1450:1456 subject 1450:1456 subject 1450:1456 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 3 31 theme Gram-negative 473:485 arg1 envelope 492:499 The Gram-negative cell envelope 469:499 The Gram-negative cell envelope 469:499 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 0 32 theme envelope 23:30 arg1 mutations 32:40 defined cell envelope mutations 10:40 defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli 10:60 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 1 33 with combination 212:222 arg1 aztreonam 258:266 aztreonam 258:266 aztreonam 258:266 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 1 33 with combination 212:222 arg1 ceftaroline 242:252 ceftaroline 242:252 ceftaroline 242:252 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 1 33 with combination 212:222 arg1 ceftazidime 229:239 ceftazidime 229:239 ceftazidime 229:239 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 8 34 theme mutations 1565:1573 arg1 None 1530:1533 None 1530:1533 None of the porin single or double mutations 1530:1573 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 4 35 theme E. 872:873 arg1 background 893:902 an E. coli W3110 strain background 869:902 an E. coli W3110 strain background 869:902 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 6 36 dep non-upregulated 1134:1148 arg1 i.e. 1129:1132 i.e. 1129:1132 i.e. 1129:1132 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 2 37 theme antibacterial 357:369 arg1 activity 371:378 the antibacterial activity 353:378 the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics 353:399 Avibactam protects the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics by inhibiting Ambler classes A and C and some class D β-lactamases. 28242258 6 38 theme outer 1173:1177 arg1 composition 1194:1204 the outer membrane porin composition 1169:1204 the outer membrane porin composition 1169:1204 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 7 39 theme minimum 1488:1494 arg1 MICs 1523:1526 MICs 1523:1526 MICs 1523:1526 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 7 39 theme minimum 1488:1494 arg1 concentrations 1507:1520 minimum inhibitory concentrations 1488:1520 minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) 1488:1527 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 6 40 theme basal 1122:1126 arg1 level 1151:1155 the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level 1118:1155 the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level 1118:1155 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 4 41 theme some 668:671 arg1 role 660:663 the role 656:663 the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli 656:770 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 2 42 dep classes 422:428 arg1 A 430:430 A 430:430 A 430:430 Avibactam protects the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics by inhibiting Ambler classes A and C and some class D β-lactamases. 28242258 2 42 dep classes 422:428 arg1 classes 422:428 Ambler classes A and C 415:436 Ambler classes A and C 415:436 Avibactam protects the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics by inhibiting Ambler classes A and C and some class D β-lactamases. 28242258 2 42 dep classes 422:428 arg1 C 436:436 C 436:436 C 436:436 Avibactam protects the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics by inhibiting Ambler classes A and C and some class D β-lactamases. 28242258 6 43 theme aztreonam 1295:1303 arg1 activity 1255:1262 the in vitro activity 1242:1262 the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam 1242:1342 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 2 44 theme antibiotics 389:399 arg1 activity 371:378 the antibacterial activity 353:378 the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics 353:399 Avibactam protects the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics by inhibiting Ambler classes A and C and some class D β-lactamases. 28242258 8 45 theme test 1618:1621 arg1 compounds 1623:1631 the test compounds 1614:1631 the test compounds 1614:1631 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 6 46 theme ceftaroline 1280:1290 arg1 activity 1255:1262 the in vitro activity 1242:1262 the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam 1242:1342 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 6 47 theme porin 1188:1192 arg1 composition 1194:1204 the outer membrane porin composition 1169:1204 the outer membrane porin composition 1169:1204 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 6 48 theme ceftazidime 1267:1277 arg1 activity 1255:1262 the in vitro activity 1242:1262 the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam 1242:1342 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 3 49 theme multiple 564:571 arg1 determinants 583:594 multiple molecular determinants 564:594 multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance 564:638 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 8 50 theme porin 1686:1690 arg1 preference 1692:1701 a strong porin preference 1677:1701 a strong porin preference 1677:1701 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 1 51 theme β-lactamase 171:181 arg1 Avibactam 137:145 Avibactam 137:145 Avibactam 137:145 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 1 51 theme β-lactamase 171:181 arg1 inhibitor 183:191 a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor 150:191 a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria 150:331 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 7 52 theme avibactam 1425:1433 arg1 none 1399:1402 none 1399:1402 none of the β-lactams nor avibactam 1399:1433 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 4 53 from activity 702:709 arg1 coli 767:770 Escherichia coli 755:770 Escherichia coli 755:770 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 5 54 theme mutant 909:914 arg1 constructs 916:925 The mutant constructs 905:925 The mutant constructs 905:925 The mutant constructs were also engineered to express the β-lactamase CTX-M-15 as a tool to enable assessment of the activity of avibactam. 28242258 4 55 theme strain 886:891 arg1 background 893:902 an E. coli W3110 strain background 869:902 an E. coli W3110 strain background 869:902 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 7 56 theme β-lactams 1411:1419 arg1 none 1399:1402 none 1399:1402 none of the β-lactams nor avibactam 1399:1433 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 4 57 theme avibactam 714:722 arg1 activity 702:709 the activity 698:709 the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli 698:770 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 0 58 theme combinations 123:134 arg1 activity 92:99 the in vitro antibacterial activity 65:99 the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations 65:134 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 3 59 theme antibiotic 599:608 arg1 susceptibility 610:623 antibiotic susceptibility 599:623 antibiotic susceptibility 599:623 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 4 60 dep E. 872:873 arg1 coli 875:878 coli 875:878 coli 875:878 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 7 61 dep β-lactams 1411:1419 arg1 the 1407:1409 the 1407:1409 the 1407:1409 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 8 62 contain possess 1669:1675 arg1 compounds 1652:1660 the compounds 1648:1660 the compounds 1648:1660 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 8 62 contain possess 1669:1675 arg2 preference 1692:1701 a strong porin preference 1677:1701 a strong porin preference 1677:1701 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 8 63 theme outer 1729:1733 arg1 membrane 1735:1742 the outer membrane 1725:1742 the outer membrane 1725:1742 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 7 64 theme strain 1380:1385 arg1 background 1387:1396 this susceptible strain background 1363:1396 this susceptible strain background 1363:1396 In conclusion, in this susceptible strain background, none of the β-lactams nor avibactam was measurably subject to efflux based on evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 28242258 4 65 theme cell 836:839 arg1 envelope 841:848 the cell envelope 832:848 the cell envelope 832:848 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 0 66 theme in 69:70 arg1 activity 92:99 the in vitro antibacterial activity 65:99 the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations 65:134 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 8 67 theme routes 1765:1770 arg1 routes 1765:1770 routes 1765:1770 routes 1765:1770 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 8 67 theme routes 1765:1770 arg1 variety 1754:1760 a variety 1752:1760 a variety of routes 1752:1770 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 1 68 theme novel 152:156 arg1 Avibactam 137:145 Avibactam 137:145 Avibactam 137:145 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 1 68 theme novel 152:156 arg1 inhibitor 183:191 a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor 150:191 a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria 150:331 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 3 69 contain contains 555:562 arg1 envelope 492:499 The Gram-negative cell envelope 469:499 The Gram-negative cell envelope 469:499 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 3 69 contain contains 555:562 arg2 determinants 583:594 multiple molecular determinants 564:594 multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance 564:638 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 4 70 theme antibiotics 740:750 arg1 activity 702:709 the activity 698:709 the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli 698:770 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 0 71 theme antibacterial 78:90 arg1 activity 92:99 the in vitro antibacterial activity 65:99 the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations 65:134 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 0 72 from mutations 32:40 arg1 coli 57:60 Escherichia coli 45:60 Escherichia coli 45:60 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 0 73 dep in 69:70 arg1 vitro 72:76 vitro 72:76 vitro 72:76 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 8 74 theme single 1548:1553 arg1 mutations 1565:1573 the porin single or double mutations 1538:1573 the porin single or double mutations 1538:1573 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 4 75 theme isogenic 776:783 arg1 panel 785:789 an isogenic panel 773:789 an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope 773:848 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 28242258 2 76 theme Ambler 415:420 arg1 A 430:430 A 430:430 A 430:430 Avibactam protects the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics by inhibiting Ambler classes A and C and some class D β-lactamases. 28242258 2 76 theme Ambler 415:420 arg1 classes 422:428 Ambler classes A and C 415:436 Ambler classes A and C 415:436 Avibactam protects the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics by inhibiting Ambler classes A and C and some class D β-lactamases. 28242258 2 76 theme Ambler 415:420 arg1 C 436:436 C 436:436 C 436:436 Avibactam protects the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics by inhibiting Ambler classes A and C and some class D β-lactamases. 28242258 0 77 theme cell 18:21 arg1 mutations 32:40 defined cell envelope mutations 10:40 defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli 10:60 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 2 78 theme D 453:453 arg1 β-lactamases 455:466 some class D β-lactamases 442:466 some class D β-lactamases 442:466 Avibactam protects the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics by inhibiting Ambler classes A and C and some class D β-lactamases. 28242258 8 79 theme double 1558:1563 arg1 mutations 1565:1573 the porin single or double mutations 1538:1573 the porin single or double mutations 1538:1573 None of the porin single or double mutations caused a decrease in susceptibility to the test compounds, implying that the compounds do not possess a strong porin preference, but instead can pass the outer membrane through a variety of routes. 28242258 0 80 theme mutations 32:40 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 0:135 Impact of defined cell envelope mutations in Escherichia coli on the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam/β-lactam combinations. 28242258 1 81 theme Gram-negative 310:322 arg1 bacteria 324:331 Gram-negative bacteria 310:331 Gram-negative bacteria 310:331 Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor being developed in combination with ceftazidime, ceftaroline and aztreonam for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 28242258 3 82 theme cell 487:490 arg1 envelope 492:499 The Gram-negative cell envelope 469:499 The Gram-negative cell envelope 469:499 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 6 83 contain have 1214:1217 arg2 effects 1231:1237 appreciable effects 1219:1237 appreciable effects 1219:1237 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 6 83 contain have 1214:1217 arg1 Mutations 1045:1053 Mutations 1045:1053 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition 1045:1204 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 6 84 from level 1151:1155 arg1 efflux 1106:1111 efflux 1106:1111 efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level 1106:1155 Mutations to shorten the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to reduce efflux from the basal (i.e. non-upregulated) level or to alter the outer membrane porin composition did not have appreciable effects on the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, ceftaroline or aztreonam alone or in combination with avibactam. 28242258 5 85 theme activity 1022:1029 arg1 assessment 1004:1013 assessment 1004:1013 assessment of the activity of avibactam 1004:1042 The mutant constructs were also engineered to express the β-lactamase CTX-M-15 as a tool to enable assessment of the activity of avibactam. 28242258 3 86 theme complex 512:518 arg1 barrier 520:526 a complex barrier 510:526 a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes 510:549 The Gram-negative cell envelope presents a complex barrier to hydrophilic solutes and contains multiple molecular determinants of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. 28242258 5 87 theme avibactam 1034:1042 arg1 activity 1022:1029 the activity 1018:1029 the activity of avibactam 1018:1042 The mutant constructs were also engineered to express the β-lactamase CTX-M-15 as a tool to enable assessment of the activity of avibactam. 28242258 4 88 theme envelope 841:848 arg1 components 818:827 specific components 809:827 specific components of the cell envelope 809:848 To investigate the role of some of these determinants in the activity of avibactam and its partner antibiotics in Escherichia coli, an isogenic panel with deletions in specific components of the cell envelope was constructed in an E. coli W3110 strain background. 27515245 13 0 theme Scopulibacillus 1764:1778 arg1 description 1739:1749 An emended description 1728:1749 An emended description of the genus Scopulibacillus 1728:1778 An emended description of the genus Scopulibacillus is provided. 27515245 12 1 theme 28236T=CICC 1707:1717 arg1 10824T 1719:1724 =DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T 1702:1724 =DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T 1702:1724 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 12 1 theme 28236T=CICC 1707:1717 arg1 ZQ18-1T 1693:1699 Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T 1671:1699 Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T) 1671:1725 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 13 2 theme emended 1731:1737 arg1 description 1739:1749 An emended description 1728:1749 An emended description of the genus Scopulibacillus 1728:1778 An emended description of the genus Scopulibacillus is provided. 27515245 7 3 theme cellular 784:791 arg1 anteiso-C17  810:821 anteiso-C17  810:821 anteiso-C17  810:821 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 7 3 theme cellular 784:791 arg1 acids 799:803 The major cellular fatty acids 774:803 The major cellular fatty acids 774:803 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 8 4 theme DSM 1205:1207 arg1 11697T 1209:1214 Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T 1179:1214 Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T 1179:1214 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 10 5 theme strain 1517:1522 arg1 ZQ18-1T 1524:1530 strain ZQ18-1T 1517:1530 strain ZQ18-1T 1517:1530 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 2 6 theme thermophilic 142:153 arg1 bacterium 155:163 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 94:163 bacterium 155:163 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. 27515245 12 7 theme daqui 1687:1691 arg1 strain 1661:1666 The type strain 1652:1666 The type strain 1652:1666 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 12 7 theme daqui 1687:1691 arg1 ZQ18-1T 1693:1699 Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T 1671:1699 Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T) 1671:1725 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 12 7 theme daqui 1687:1691 arg1 10824T 1719:1724 =DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T 1702:1724 =DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T 1702:1724 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 8 8 dep Pullulanibacillus 1037:1053 arg1 pueri 1055:1059 pueri 1055:1059 pueri 1055:1059 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 6 9 theme polar 680:684 arg1 lipids 686:691 The major polar lipids 670:691 The major polar lipids 670:691 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and three glycolipids. 27515245 8 10 theme Pullulanibacillus 1139:1155 arg1 UG-2T 1172:1176 Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T 1139:1176 Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T 1139:1176 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 3 11 theme Oval 292:295 arg1 endospores 297:306 Oval endospores 292:306 Oval endospores 292:306 Oval endospores were formed at the centre of cells with swollen sporangia. 27515245 8 12 theme rRNA 920:923 arg1 sequences 930:938 16S rRNA gene sequences 916:938 16S rRNA gene sequences 916:938 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 4 13 theme 2  548:549 arg1 % 550:550 % 550:550 % 550:550 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 10 14 theme novel 1545:1549 arg1 species 1551:1557 a novel species 1543:1557 a novel species 1543:1557 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 4 15 theme at 440:441 arg1 50 °C 443:447 optimum growth at 50 °C 425:447 optimum growth at 50 °C 425:447 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 4 15 theme at 440:441 arg1 20-60 °C 415:422 20-60 °C 415:422 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C) 415:448 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 8 16 dep Scopulibacillus 997:1011 arg1 darangshiensis 1013:1026 darangshiensis 1013:1026 darangshiensis 1013:1026 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 5 17 theme meso-diaminopimelic 614:632 arg1 acid 664:667 the diagnostic amino acid 643:667 the diagnostic amino acid 643:667 Glucose and galactose were major cell-wall sugars, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid. 27515245 5 17 theme meso-diaminopimelic 614:632 arg1 acid 634:637 meso-diaminopimelic acid 614:637 meso-diaminopimelic acid 614:637 Glucose and galactose were major cell-wall sugars, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid. 27515245 8 18 theme Sporolactobacillus 1179:1196 arg1 11697T 1209:1214 Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T 1179:1214 Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T 1179:1214 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 10 19 theme genus 1566:1570 arg1 Scopulibacillus 1572:1586 the genus Scopulibacillus 1562:1586 the genus Scopulibacillus 1562:1586 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 2 20 theme temperature 211:221 arg1 sample 228:233 a high temperature daqu sample 204:233 a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process 204:289 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. 27515245 4 21 theme 20-60 °C 415:422 arg1 temperatures 399:410 temperatures 399:410 temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C) 399:448 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 5 22 theme cell-wall 592:600 arg1 sugars 602:607 major cell-wall sugars 586:607 major cell-wall sugars 586:607 Glucose and galactose were major cell-wall sugars, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid. 27515245 2 23 theme sesame-flavour 254:267 arg1 process 283:289 the sesame-flavour liquor-making process 250:289 the sesame-flavour liquor-making process 250:289 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. 27515245 12 24 theme Scopulibacillus 1671:1685 arg1 strain 1661:1666 The type strain 1652:1666 The type strain 1652:1666 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 12 24 theme Scopulibacillus 1671:1685 arg1 ZQ18-1T 1693:1699 Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T 1671:1699 Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T) 1671:1725 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 12 24 theme Scopulibacillus 1671:1685 arg1 10824T 1719:1724 =DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T 1702:1724 =DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T 1702:1724 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 3 25 theme cells 337:341 arg1 centre 327:332 the centre 323:332 the centre of cells with swollen sporangia 323:364 Oval endospores were formed at the centre of cells with swollen sporangia. 27515245 4 26 theme optimum 425:431 arg1 50 °C 443:447 optimum growth at 50 °C 425:447 optimum growth at 50 °C 425:447 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 4 26 theme optimum 425:431 arg1 20-60 °C 415:422 20-60 °C 415:422 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C) 415:448 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 3 27 with cells 337:341 arg1 sporangia 356:364 swollen sporangia 348:364 swollen sporangia 348:364 Oval endospores were formed at the centre of cells with swollen sporangia. 27515245 4 28 theme optimum 462:468 arg1 pH 454:455 pH 4-9 454:459 pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) 454:484 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 4 28 theme optimum 462:468 arg1 pH 480:481 optimum growth at pH 8 462:483 optimum growth at pH 8 462:483 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 4 29 theme at 477:478 arg1 pH 454:455 pH 4-9 454:459 pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) 454:484 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 4 29 theme at 477:478 arg1 pH 480:481 optimum growth at pH 8 462:483 optimum growth at pH 8 462:483 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 9 30 theme low 1282:1284 arg1 relatedness 1294:1304 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1282:1304 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1282:1304 Strain ZQ18-1T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.7, 23.1, 46.5, 27.2, 45.6, 33.7 and 55.1 %) with the strains mentioned above. 27515245 7 31 theme predominant 851:861 arg1 menaquinone 863:873 the predominant menaquinone 847:873 the predominant menaquinone 847:873 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 7 31 theme predominant 851:861 arg1 MK-7 879:882 MK-7 879:882 MK-7 879:882 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 3 32 theme swollen 348:354 arg1 sporangia 356:364 swollen sporangia 348:364 swollen sporangia 348:364 Oval endospores were formed at the centre of cells with swollen sporangia. 27515245 10 33 theme morphological 1397:1409 arg1 characteristics 1411:1425 morphological characteristics 1397:1425 morphological characteristics 1397:1425 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 10 34 theme Scopulibacillus 1608:1622 arg1 sp 1630:1631 the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp 1599:1631 the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp 1599:1631 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 5 35 theme diagnostic 647:656 arg1 acid 664:667 the diagnostic amino acid 643:667 the diagnostic amino acid 643:667 Glucose and galactose were major cell-wall sugars, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid. 27515245 5 35 theme diagnostic 647:656 arg1 acid 634:637 meso-diaminopimelic acid 614:637 meso-diaminopimelic acid 614:637 Glucose and galactose were major cell-wall sugars, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid. 27515245 1 36 theme high 71:74 arg1 daqu 88:91 high temperature daqu 71:91 high temperature daqu 71:91 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from high temperature daqu. 27515245 0 37 theme Scopulibacillus 0:14 arg1 sp 22:23 Scopulibacillus daqui sp 0:23 Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 0:24 Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 9 38 dep showed 1275:1280 arg1 % 1351:1351 40.7, 23.1, 46.5, 27.2, 45.6, 33.7 and 55.1 % 1307:1351 40.7, 23.1, 46.5, 27.2, 45.6, 33.7 and 55.1 % 1307:1351 Strain ZQ18-1T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.7, 23.1, 46.5, 27.2, 45.6, 33.7 and 55.1 %) with the strains mentioned above. 27515245 8 39 dep Sporolactobacillus 1179:1196 arg1 terrae 1198:1203 terrae 1198:1203 terrae 1198:1203 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 8 40 theme Scopulibacillus 997:1011 arg1 DLS-06T 1028:1034 Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T 997:1034 Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T 997:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 8 41 dep Pullulanibacillus 1139:1155 arg1 uraniitolerans 1157:1170 uraniitolerans 1157:1170 uraniitolerans 1157:1170 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 10 42 theme DNA-DNA 1460:1466 arg1 data 1482:1485 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1460:1485 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1460:1485 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 8 43 theme Pullulanibacillus 1037:1053 arg1 YN3T 1061:1064 Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T 1037:1064 Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T 1037:1064 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 4 44 theme NaCl 522:525 arg1 presence 497:504 the presence 493:504 the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl) 493:556 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 1 45 theme thermophilic 34:45 arg1 bacterium 47:55 a thermophilic bacterium 32:55 a thermophilic bacterium 32:55 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from high temperature daqu. 27515245 1 45 theme thermophilic 34:45 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from high temperature daqu. 27515245 4 46 theme optimum 528:534 arg1 growth 536:541 optimum growth 528:541 optimum growth with 2 % NaCl 528:555 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 10 47 theme physiological 1491:1503 arg1 properties 1505:1514 physiological properties 1491:1514 physiological properties 1491:1514 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 8 48 theme Tuberibacillus 1067:1080 arg1 607T 1090:1093 Tuberibacillus calidus 607T 1067:1093 Tuberibacillus calidus 607T 1067:1093 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 8 49 theme Phylogenetic 885:896 arg1 analysis 898:905 Phylogenetic analysis 885:905 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 885:938 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 4 50 theme % 514:514 arg1 NaCl 522:525 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 509:525 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl) 509:556 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 2 51 theme Gram-stain-positive 96:114 arg1 bacterium 155:163 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 94:163 bacterium 155:163 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. 27515245 4 52 theme w/v 517:519 arg1 NaCl 522:525 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 509:525 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl) 509:556 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 7 53 theme fatty 793:797 arg1 anteiso-C17  810:821 anteiso-C17  810:821 anteiso-C17  810:821 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 7 53 theme fatty 793:797 arg1 acids 799:803 The major cellular fatty acids 774:803 The major cellular fatty acids 774:803 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 8 54 theme Pullulanibacillus 1096:1112 arg1 53909T 1131:1136 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T 1096:1136 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T 1096:1136 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 8 55 theme 16S 916:918 arg1 sequences 930:938 16S rRNA gene sequences 916:938 16S rRNA gene sequences 916:938 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 7 56 theme major 778:782 arg1 anteiso-C17  810:821 anteiso-C17  810:821 anteiso-C17  810:821 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 7 56 theme major 778:782 arg1 acids 799:803 The major cellular fatty acids 774:803 The major cellular fatty acids 774:803 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 8 57 theme ATCC 1126:1129 arg1 53909T 1131:1136 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T 1096:1136 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T 1096:1136 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 8 58 theme gene 925:928 arg1 sequences 930:938 16S rRNA gene sequences 916:938 16S rRNA gene sequences 916:938 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 7 59 dep anteiso-C17  810:821 arg1  0 839:840  0 839:840  0 839:840 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 7 59 dep anteiso-C17  810:821 arg1 iso-C16  830:837 iso-C16  830:837 iso-C16  830:837 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 7 59 dep anteiso-C17  810:821 arg1  0 823:824  0 823:824  0 823:824 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 27515245 6 60 theme major 674:678 arg1 lipids 686:691 The major polar lipids 670:691 The major polar lipids 670:691 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and three glycolipids. 27515245 8 61 theme Sporolactobacillus 1220:1237 arg1 1133T 1253:1257 Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T 1220:1257 Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T 1220:1257 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 4 62 with growth 536:541 arg1 NaCl 552:555 2 % NaCl 548:555 2 % NaCl 548:555 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 4 63 theme % 550:550 arg1 NaCl 552:555 2 % NaCl 548:555 2 % NaCl 548:555 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 10 64 theme Scopulibacillus 1572:1586 arg1 species 1551:1557 a novel species 1543:1557 a novel species 1543:1557 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 2 65 theme daqu 223:226 arg1 sample 228:233 a high temperature daqu sample 204:233 a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process 204:289 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. 27515245 5 66 theme major 586:590 arg1 sugars 602:607 major cell-wall sugars 586:607 major cell-wall sugars 586:607 Glucose and galactose were major cell-wall sugars, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid. 27515245 2 67 theme liquor-making 269:281 arg1 process 283:289 the sesame-flavour liquor-making process 250:289 the sesame-flavour liquor-making process 250:289 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. 27515245 12 68 theme type 1656:1659 arg1 strain 1661:1666 The type strain 1652:1666 The type strain 1652:1666 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 12 68 theme type 1656:1659 arg1 ZQ18-1T 1693:1699 Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T 1671:1699 Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T) 1671:1725 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 4 69 theme growth 433:438 arg1 50 °C 443:447 optimum growth at 50 °C 425:447 optimum growth at 50 °C 425:447 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 4 69 theme growth 433:438 arg1 20-60 °C 415:422 20-60 °C 415:422 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C) 415:448 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 5 70 theme amino 658:662 arg1 acid 664:667 the diagnostic amino acid 643:667 the diagnostic amino acid 643:667 Glucose and galactose were major cell-wall sugars, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid. 27515245 5 70 theme amino 658:662 arg1 acid 634:637 meso-diaminopimelic acid 614:637 meso-diaminopimelic acid 614:637 Glucose and galactose were major cell-wall sugars, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid. 27515245 4 71 dep NaCl 522:525 arg1 growth 536:541 optimum growth 528:541 optimum growth with 2 % NaCl 528:555 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 12 72 theme =DSM 1702:1705 arg1 10824T 1719:1724 =DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T 1702:1724 =DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T 1702:1724 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 12 72 theme =DSM 1702:1705 arg1 ZQ18-1T 1693:1699 Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T 1671:1699 Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T) 1671:1725 The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). 27515245 4 73 theme growth 470:475 arg1 pH 454:455 pH 4-9 454:459 pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) 454:484 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 4 73 theme growth 470:475 arg1 pH 480:481 optimum growth at pH 8 462:483 optimum growth at pH 8 462:483 The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20-60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4-9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). 27515245 9 74 theme Strain 1260:1265 arg1 ZQ18-1T 1267:1273 Strain ZQ18-1T 1260:1273 Strain ZQ18-1T 1260:1273 Strain ZQ18-1T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.7, 23.1, 46.5, 27.2, 45.6, 33.7 and 55.1 %) with the strains mentioned above. 27515245 8 75 dep Pullulanibacillus 1096:1112 arg1 naganoensis 1114:1124 naganoensis 1114:1124 naganoensis 1114:1124 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 8 76 theme strain 954:959 arg1 ZQ18-1T 961:967 strain ZQ18-1T 954:967 strain ZQ18-1T 954:967 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 9 77 theme DNA-DNA 1286:1292 arg1 relatedness 1294:1304 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1282:1304 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1282:1304 Strain ZQ18-1T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.7, 23.1, 46.5, 27.2, 45.6, 33.7 and 55.1 %) with the strains mentioned above. 27515245 8 78 dep Tuberibacillus 1067:1080 arg1 calidus 1082:1088 calidus 1082:1088 calidus 1082:1088 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 10 79 theme name 1603:1606 arg1 sp 1630:1631 the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp 1599:1631 the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp 1599:1631 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 0 80 theme daqui 16:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Scopulibacillus daqui sp 0:23 Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 0:24 Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 1 81 theme temperature 76:86 arg1 daqu 88:91 high temperature daqu 71:91 high temperature daqu 71:91 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from high temperature daqu. 27515245 2 82 attach isolated 190:197 arg1 sample 228:233 a high temperature daqu sample 204:233 a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process 204:289 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. 27515245 2 82 attach isolated 190:197 arg2 bacterium 155:163 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 94:163 bacterium 155:163 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. 27515245 10 83 theme chemotaxonomic 1428:1441 arg1 characteristics 1443:1457 chemotaxonomic characteristics 1428:1457 chemotaxonomic characteristics 1428:1457 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 10 84 theme daqui 1624:1628 arg1 sp 1630:1631 the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp 1599:1631 the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp 1599:1631 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 10 85 theme hybridization 1468:1480 arg1 data 1482:1485 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1460:1485 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1460:1485 Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus, for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. 27515245 2 86 theme high 206:209 arg1 sample 228:233 a high temperature daqu sample 204:233 a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process 204:289 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. 27515245 8 87 dep Sporolactobacillus 1220:1237 arg1 inulinus 1239:1246 inulinus 1239:1246 inulinus 1239:1246 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 8 88 theme NRIC 1248:1251 arg1 1133T 1253:1257 Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T 1220:1257 Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T 1220:1257 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. 27515245 13 89 theme genus 1758:1762 arg1 Scopulibacillus 1764:1778 the genus Scopulibacillus 1754:1778 the genus Scopulibacillus 1754:1778 An emended description of the genus Scopulibacillus is provided. 27515245 2 90 theme anaerobic 131:139 arg1 bacterium 155:163 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium 94:163 bacterium 155:163 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. 26476147 0 0 theme placenta 73:80 arg1 compartment 54:64 a major endocrine compartment 36:64 a major endocrine compartment of the placenta 36:80 The imprinted Phlda2 gene modulates a major endocrine compartment of the placenta to regulate placental demands for maternal resources. 26476147 2 1 theme endocrine 464:472 arg1 compartment 474:484 the endocrine compartment 460:484 the endocrine compartment 460:484 Recent work suggests that imprinted genes may regulate the signalling function of the placenta by modulating the size of the endocrine compartment. 26476147 2 2 theme Recent 339:344 arg1 work 346:349 Recent work 339:349 Recent work 339:349 Recent work suggests that imprinted genes may regulate the signalling function of the placenta by modulating the size of the endocrine compartment. 26476147 8 3 located found 1531:1535 arg1 scenario 1558:1565 a fully wild type scenario 1540:1565 a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth 1540:1648 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 8 3 located found 1531:1535 arg2 that 1526:1529 that 1526:1529 that 1526:1529 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 4 4 theme Elevated 558:565 arg1 expression 567:576 Elevated expression 558:576 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene 558:659 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 10 5 theme foetal 1979:1984 arg1 growth 1986:1991 optimal foetal growth 1971:1991 optimal foetal growth 1971:1991 Furthermore, this work suggests that Phlda2 manipulates the placenta's demands for maternal resources, a process that must be tightly regulated by epigenetic marks to ensure optimal foetal growth. 26476147 1 6 theme mammalian 316:324 arg1 development 326:336 mammalian development 316:336 mammalian development 316:336 Imprinted genes, which are expressed from a single parental allele in response to epigenetic marks first established in the germline, function in a myriad of processes to regulate mammalian development. 26476147 7 7 theme wild 1293:1296 arg1 scenario 1303:1310 a fully wild type scenario 1285:1310 a fully wild type scenario 1285:1310 Remarkably, relative to a fully wild type scenario, wild type placentae also accumulate excessive glycogen. 26476147 8 8 theme placental 1438:1446 arg1 glycogen 1448:1455 placental glycogen 1438:1455 placental glycogen 1438:1455 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 8 9 theme type 1553:1556 arg1 scenario 1558:1565 a fully wild type scenario 1540:1565 a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth 1540:1648 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 4 10 theme placental 740:748 arg1 glycogen 750:757 diminished placental glycogen 729:757 diminished placental glycogen 729:757 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 11 theme compartment 716:726 arg1 reduction 670:678 a reduction 668:678 a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment 668:726 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 11 theme compartment 716:726 arg1 restriction 788:798 asymmetric foetal growth restriction 763:798 asymmetric foetal growth restriction 763:798 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 11 theme compartment 716:726 arg1 glycogen 750:757 diminished placental glycogen 729:757 diminished placental glycogen 729:757 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 12 theme domain 620:625 arg1 expression 567:576 Elevated expression 558:576 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene 558:659 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 8 13 theme Phlda2 1395:1400 arg1 loss-of-function 1375:1390 loss-of-function 1375:1390 loss-of-function of Phlda2 1375:1400 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 4 14 theme diminished 729:738 arg1 glycogen 750:757 diminished placental glycogen 729:757 diminished placental glycogen 729:757 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 8 15 theme foetal 1636:1641 arg1 growth 1643:1648 foetal growth 1636:1648 foetal growth 1636:1648 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 7 16 theme wild 1313:1316 arg1 placentae 1323:1331 wild type placentae 1313:1331 wild type placentae 1313:1331 Remarkably, relative to a fully wild type scenario, wild type placentae also accumulate excessive glycogen. 26476147 5 17 theme gain-in-expression 833:850 arg1 models 858:863 both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models 807:863 both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models 807:863 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 2 18 theme signalling 398:407 arg1 function 409:416 the signalling function 394:416 the signalling function of the placenta 394:432 Recent work suggests that imprinted genes may regulate the signalling function of the placenta by modulating the size of the endocrine compartment. 26476147 6 19 theme placental 1211:1219 arg1 glycogen 1221:1228 nearly three times more placental glycogen 1187:1228 nearly three times more placental glycogen 1187:1228 Additionally, we show that Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae contain nearly three times more placental glycogen than non-transgenic placentae. 26476147 6 20 dep times 1200:1204 arg1 more 1206:1209 more 1206:1209 more 1206:1209 Additionally, we show that Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae contain nearly three times more placental glycogen than non-transgenic placentae. 26476147 4 21 theme member 638:643 arg1 gene 656:659 member 2 (Phlda2) gene 638:659 member 2 (Phlda2) gene 638:659 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 21 theme member 638:643 arg1 domain 620:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 0 22 theme placental 94:102 arg1 demands 104:110 placental demands 94:110 placental demands for maternal resources 94:133 The imprinted Phlda2 gene modulates a major endocrine compartment of the placenta to regulate placental demands for maternal resources. 26476147 8 23 theme glycogen 1593:1600 arg1 accumulation 1602:1613 excessive glycogen accumulation 1583:1613 excessive glycogen accumulation 1583:1613 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 6 24 contain contain 1179:1185 arg2 glycogen 1221:1228 nearly three times more placental glycogen 1187:1228 nearly three times more placental glycogen 1187:1228 Additionally, we show that Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae contain nearly three times more placental glycogen than non-transgenic placentae. 26476147 6 24 contain contain 1179:1185 arg1 placentae 1169:1177 Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae 1145:1177 Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae 1145:1177 Additionally, we show that Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae contain nearly three times more placental glycogen than non-transgenic placentae. 26476147 10 25 theme maternal 1880:1887 arg1 resources 1889:1897 maternal resources 1880:1897 maternal resources 1880:1897 Furthermore, this work suggests that Phlda2 manipulates the placenta's demands for maternal resources, a process that must be tightly regulated by epigenetic marks to ensure optimal foetal growth. 26476147 0 26 theme imprinted 4:12 arg1 gene 21:24 The imprinted Phlda2 gene 0:24 The imprinted Phlda2 gene 0:24 The imprinted Phlda2 gene modulates a major endocrine compartment of the placenta to regulate placental demands for maternal resources. 26476147 8 27 theme excessive 1583:1591 arg1 accumulation 1602:1613 excessive glycogen accumulation 1583:1613 excessive glycogen accumulation 1583:1613 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 4 28 theme endocrine 706:714 arg1 compartment 716:726 the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment 683:726 the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment 683:726 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 2 29 theme imprinted 365:373 arg1 genes 375:379 imprinted genes 365:379 imprinted genes 365:379 Recent work suggests that imprinted genes may regulate the signalling function of the placenta by modulating the size of the endocrine compartment. 26476147 2 30 theme placenta 425:432 arg1 function 409:416 the signalling function 394:416 the signalling function of the placenta 394:432 Recent work suggests that imprinted genes may regulate the signalling function of the placenta by modulating the size of the endocrine compartment. 26476147 9 31 theme global 1754:1759 arg1 accumulation 1761:1772 the global accumulation 1750:1772 the global accumulation of placental glycogen 1750:1794 This work firstly highlights a novel signalling function for the spongiotrophoblast in stimulating the global accumulation of placental glycogen. 26476147 6 32 theme three 1194:1198 arg1 times 1200:1204 times 1200:1204 times 1200:1204 Additionally, we show that Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae contain nearly three times more placental glycogen than non-transgenic placentae. 26476147 4 33 theme spongiotrophoblast 687:704 arg1 compartment 716:726 the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment 683:726 the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment 683:726 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 8 34 theme fetuses 1503:1509 arg1 weight 1462:1467 the weight 1458:1467 the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses 1458:1509 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 8 34 theme fetuses 1503:1509 arg1 lower 1515:1519 lower 1515:1519 lower 1515:1519 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 8 35 theme non-transgenic 1488:1501 arg1 fetuses 1503:1509 both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses 1472:1509 fetuses 1503:1509 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 0 36 theme maternal 116:123 arg1 resources 125:133 maternal resources 116:133 maternal resources 116:133 The imprinted Phlda2 gene modulates a major endocrine compartment of the placenta to regulate placental demands for maternal resources. 26476147 5 37 theme placenta 963:970 arg1 compartment 944:954 the spongiotrophoblast compartment 921:954 the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta 921:970 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 1 38 theme single 180:185 arg1 allele 196:201 a single parental allele 178:201 a single parental allele in response to epigenetic marks first established in the germline 178:267 Imprinted genes, which are expressed from a single parental allele in response to epigenetic marks first established in the germline, function in a myriad of processes to regulate mammalian development. 26476147 0 39 theme Phlda2 14:19 arg1 gene 21:24 The imprinted Phlda2 gene 0:24 The imprinted Phlda2 gene 0:24 The imprinted Phlda2 gene modulates a major endocrine compartment of the placenta to regulate placental demands for maternal resources. 26476147 8 40 theme placental 1417:1425 arg1 weight 1427:1432 placental weight 1417:1432 placental weight 1417:1432 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 1 41 dep epigenetic 218:227 arg1 response 206:213 response 206:213 response 206:213 Imprinted genes, which are expressed from a single parental allele in response to epigenetic marks first established in the germline, function in a myriad of processes to regulate mammalian development. 26476147 1 41 dep epigenetic 218:227 arg1 marks 229:233 marks 229:233 marks 229:233 Imprinted genes, which are expressed from a single parental allele in response to epigenetic marks first established in the germline, function in a myriad of processes to regulate mammalian development. 26476147 3 42 dep in 503:504 arg1 vivo 506:509 vivo 506:509 vivo 506:509 Here we provide in vivo evidence that this hypothesis is well founded. 26476147 1 43 theme parental 187:194 arg1 allele 196:201 a single parental allele 178:201 a single parental allele in response to epigenetic marks first established in the germline 178:267 Imprinted genes, which are expressed from a single parental allele in response to epigenetic marks first established in the germline, function in a myriad of processes to regulate mammalian development. 26476147 10 44 theme optimal 1971:1977 arg1 growth 1986:1991 optimal foetal growth 1971:1991 optimal foetal growth 1971:1991 Furthermore, this work suggests that Phlda2 manipulates the placenta's demands for maternal resources, a process that must be tightly regulated by epigenetic marks to ensure optimal foetal growth. 26476147 5 45 theme giant 1038:1042 arg1 lineages 1059:1066 the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages 1022:1066 the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage 1022:1115 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 9 46 theme placental 1777:1785 arg1 glycogen 1787:1794 placental glycogen 1777:1794 placental glycogen 1777:1794 This work firstly highlights a novel signalling function for the spongiotrophoblast in stimulating the global accumulation of placental glycogen. 26476147 7 47 theme type 1298:1301 arg1 scenario 1303:1310 a fully wild type scenario 1285:1310 a fully wild type scenario 1285:1310 Remarkably, relative to a fully wild type scenario, wild type placentae also accumulate excessive glycogen. 26476147 5 48 theme cell 1044:1047 arg1 lineages 1059:1066 the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages 1022:1066 the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage 1022:1115 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 6 49 theme non-transgenic 1235:1248 arg1 placentae 1250:1258 non-transgenic placentae 1235:1258 non-transgenic placentae 1235:1258 Additionally, we show that Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae contain nearly three times more placental glycogen than non-transgenic placentae. 26476147 5 50 theme mouse 852:856 arg1 models 858:863 both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models 807:863 both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models 807:863 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 9 51 theme novel 1682:1686 arg1 function 1699:1706 a novel signalling function 1680:1706 a novel signalling function for the spongiotrophoblast 1680:1733 This work firstly highlights a novel signalling function for the spongiotrophoblast in stimulating the global accumulation of placental glycogen. 26476147 9 52 theme glycogen 1787:1794 arg1 accumulation 1761:1772 the global accumulation 1750:1772 the global accumulation of placental glycogen 1750:1794 This work firstly highlights a novel signalling function for the spongiotrophoblast in stimulating the global accumulation of placental glycogen. 26476147 5 53 theme endocrine 1049:1057 arg1 lineages 1059:1066 the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages 1022:1066 the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage 1022:1115 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 4 54 theme family 628:633 arg1 domain 620:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 54 theme family 628:633 arg1 a 635:635 family a 628:635 family a 628:635 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 0 55 theme endocrine 44:52 arg1 compartment 54:64 a major endocrine compartment 36:64 a major endocrine compartment of the placenta 36:80 The imprinted Phlda2 gene modulates a major endocrine compartment of the placenta to regulate placental demands for maternal resources. 26476147 5 56 theme loss-of-function 812:827 arg1 models 858:863 both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models 807:863 both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models 807:863 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 5 57 theme lineages 1059:1066 arg1 composition 1007:1017 the composition 1003:1017 the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage 1003:1115 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 7 58 theme type 1318:1321 arg1 placentae 1323:1331 wild type placentae 1313:1331 wild type placentae 1313:1331 Remarkably, relative to a fully wild type scenario, wild type placentae also accumulate excessive glycogen. 26476147 0 59 theme major 38:42 arg1 compartment 54:64 a major endocrine compartment 36:64 a major endocrine compartment of the placenta 36:80 The imprinted Phlda2 gene modulates a major endocrine compartment of the placenta to regulate placental demands for maternal resources. 26476147 8 60 theme growth 1643:1648 arg1 cost 1628:1631 the cost 1624:1631 the cost of foetal growth 1624:1648 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 6 61 theme loss-of-function 1152:1167 arg1 placentae 1169:1177 Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae 1145:1177 Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae 1145:1177 Additionally, we show that Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae contain nearly three times more placental glycogen than non-transgenic placentae. 26476147 1 62 theme processes 294:302 arg1 myriad 284:289 a myriad 282:289 a myriad of processes 282:302 Imprinted genes, which are expressed from a single parental allele in response to epigenetic marks first established in the germline, function in a myriad of processes to regulate mammalian development. 26476147 8 63 theme mutant 1477:1482 arg1 fetuses 1503:1509 both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses 1472:1509 fetuses 1503:1509 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 4 64 theme foetal 774:779 arg1 restriction 788:798 asymmetric foetal growth restriction 763:798 asymmetric foetal growth restriction 763:798 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 9 65 theme signalling 1688:1697 arg1 function 1699:1706 a novel signalling function 1680:1706 a novel signalling function for the spongiotrophoblast 1680:1733 This work firstly highlights a novel signalling function for the spongiotrophoblast in stimulating the global accumulation of placental glycogen. 26476147 5 66 theme spongiotrophoblast 925:942 arg1 compartment 944:954 the spongiotrophoblast compartment 921:954 the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta 921:970 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 4 67 theme imprinted 585:593 arg1 gene 656:659 member 2 (Phlda2) gene 638:659 member 2 (Phlda2) gene 638:659 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 67 theme imprinted 585:593 arg1 domain 620:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 67 theme imprinted 585:593 arg1 a 635:635 family a 628:635 family a 628:635 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 5 68 theme common 1081:1086 arg1 progenitor 1088:1097 a common progenitor 1079:1097 a common progenitor 1079:1097 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 4 69 theme asymmetric 763:772 arg1 restriction 788:798 asymmetric foetal growth restriction 763:798 asymmetric foetal growth restriction 763:798 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 70 theme Phlda2 648:653 arg1 gene 656:659 member 2 (Phlda2) gene 638:659 member 2 (Phlda2) gene 638:659 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 70 theme Phlda2 648:653 arg1 domain 620:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 6 71 theme Phlda2 1145:1150 arg1 placentae 1169:1177 Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae 1145:1177 Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae 1145:1177 Additionally, we show that Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae contain nearly three times more placental glycogen than non-transgenic placentae. 26476147 6 72 dep glycogen 1221:1228 arg1 times 1200:1204 times 1200:1204 times 1200:1204 Additionally, we show that Phlda2 loss-of-function placentae contain nearly three times more placental glycogen than non-transgenic placentae. 26476147 5 73 theme trophoblast 1026:1036 arg1 lineages 1059:1066 the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages 1022:1066 the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage 1022:1115 Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression mouse models, here we further show that Phlda2 exclusively modulates the spongiotrophoblast compartment of the placenta without significantly altering the composition of the trophoblast giant cell endocrine lineages that share a common progenitor with this lineage. 26476147 7 74 theme excessive 1349:1357 arg1 glycogen 1359:1366 excessive glycogen 1349:1366 excessive glycogen 1349:1366 Remarkably, relative to a fully wild type scenario, wild type placentae also accumulate excessive glycogen. 26476147 1 75 theme Imprinted 136:144 arg1 genes 146:150 Imprinted genes 136:150 Imprinted genes 136:150 Imprinted genes, which are expressed from a single parental allele in response to epigenetic marks first established in the germline, function in a myriad of processes to regulate mammalian development. 26476147 4 76 theme homology-like 606:618 arg1 gene 656:659 member 2 (Phlda2) gene 638:659 member 2 (Phlda2) gene 638:659 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 76 theme homology-like 606:618 arg1 domain 620:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 76 theme homology-like 606:618 arg1 a 635:635 family a 628:635 family a 628:635 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 2 77 theme compartment 474:484 arg1 size 452:455 the size 448:455 the size of the endocrine compartment 448:484 Recent work suggests that imprinted genes may regulate the signalling function of the placenta by modulating the size of the endocrine compartment. 26476147 8 78 theme wild 1548:1551 arg1 scenario 1558:1565 a fully wild type scenario 1540:1565 a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth 1540:1648 While loss-of-function of Phlda2 increased both placental weight and placental glycogen, the weight of both mutant and non-transgenic fetuses was lower than that found in a fully wild type scenario indicating that excessive glycogen accumulation comes at the cost of foetal growth. 26476147 4 79 theme growth 781:786 arg1 restriction 788:798 asymmetric foetal growth restriction 763:798 asymmetric foetal growth restriction 763:798 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 3 80 theme in 503:504 arg1 evidence 511:518 in vivo evidence that this hypothesis is well founded 503:555 in vivo evidence that this hypothesis is well founded 503:555 Here we provide in vivo evidence that this hypothesis is well founded. 26476147 10 81 dep epigenetic 1944:1953 arg1 marks 1955:1959 marks 1955:1959 marks 1955:1959 Furthermore, this work suggests that Phlda2 manipulates the placenta's demands for maternal resources, a process that must be tightly regulated by epigenetic marks to ensure optimal foetal growth. 26476147 4 82 theme Pleckstrin 595:604 arg1 gene 656:659 member 2 (Phlda2) gene 638:659 member 2 (Phlda2) gene 638:659 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 82 theme Pleckstrin 595:604 arg1 domain 620:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain 581:625 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26476147 4 82 theme Pleckstrin 595:604 arg1 a 635:635 family a 628:635 family a 628:635 Elevated expression of the imprinted Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 2 (Phlda2) gene drives a reduction of the spongiotrophoblast endocrine compartment, diminished placental glycogen and asymmetric foetal growth restriction. 26210886 10 0 theme syndecan-1 1132:1141 arg1 syndecan-1 1132:1141 syndecan-1 1132:1141 syndecan-1 1132:1141 Studies of pleural effusions showed that SULF1 levels are lower in pleural malignancies compared to benign conditions and inversely correlate with the amounts of syndecan-1, suggesting important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 10 0 theme syndecan-1 1132:1141 arg1 amounts 1121:1127 the amounts 1117:1127 the amounts of syndecan-1 1117:1141 Studies of pleural effusions showed that SULF1 levels are lower in pleural malignancies compared to benign conditions and inversely correlate with the amounts of syndecan-1, suggesting important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 5 1 theme syndecan-1 652:661 arg1 over-expression 663:677 syndecan-1 over-expression 652:677 syndecan-1 over-expression 652:677 Biochemical characterization revealed a 2.7-fold reduction in HS content upon syndecan-1 over-expression, but an overall increase in sulfation. 26210886 6 2 theme low 734:736 arg1 levels 744:749 low SULF1 levels 734:749 low SULF1 levels 734:749 Consistent with low SULF1 levels, trisulfated disaccharides increased 2.5-fold. 26210886 1 3 theme heparan 162:168 arg1 HS 179:180 HS 179:180 HS 179:180 Syndecan-1 is a proteoglycan that acts as co-receptor through its heparan sulfate (HS) chains and plays important roles in cancer. 26210886 1 3 theme heparan 162:168 arg1 sulfate 170:176 heparan sulfate 162:176 its heparan sulfate (HS) chains 158:188 Syndecan-1 is a proteoglycan that acts as co-receptor through its heparan sulfate (HS) chains and plays important roles in cancer. 26210886 2 4 from pattern 281:287 arg1 variable 248:255 variable 248:255 variable 248:255 HS chains are highly variable in length and sulfation pattern. 26210886 4 5 theme syndecan-1 484:493 arg1 over-expression 495:509 syndecan-1 over-expression 484:509 syndecan-1 over-expression 484:509 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 10 6 theme malignant 1199:1207 arg1 mesothelioma 1209:1220 malignant mesothelioma 1199:1220 malignant mesothelioma 1199:1220 Studies of pleural effusions showed that SULF1 levels are lower in pleural malignancies compared to benign conditions and inversely correlate with the amounts of syndecan-1, suggesting important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 1 7 theme sulfate 170:176 arg1 chains 183:188 its heparan sulfate (HS) chains 158:188 its heparan sulfate (HS) chains 158:188 Syndecan-1 is a proteoglycan that acts as co-receptor through its heparan sulfate (HS) chains and plays important roles in cancer. 26210886 9 8 theme G1 948:949 arg1 arrest 962:967 G1 cell cycle arrest 948:967 G1 cell cycle arrest 948:967 The net effect of these changes manifested in G1 cell cycle arrest. 26210886 10 9 theme benign 1070:1075 arg1 conditions 1077:1086 benign conditions 1070:1086 benign conditions 1070:1086 Studies of pleural effusions showed that SULF1 levels are lower in pleural malignancies compared to benign conditions and inversely correlate with the amounts of syndecan-1, suggesting important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 5 10 theme 2.7-fold 614:621 arg1 reduction 623:631 a 2.7-fold reduction 612:631 a 2.7-fold reduction in HS content upon syndecan-1 over-expression 612:677 Biochemical characterization revealed a 2.7-fold reduction in HS content upon syndecan-1 over-expression, but an overall increase in sulfation. 26210886 2 11 theme sulfation 271:279 arg1 pattern 281:287 sulfation pattern 271:287 sulfation pattern 271:287 HS chains are highly variable in length and sulfation pattern. 26210886 9 12 theme cell 951:954 arg1 arrest 962:967 G1 cell cycle arrest 948:967 G1 cell cycle arrest 948:967 The net effect of these changes manifested in G1 cell cycle arrest. 26210886 4 13 theme malignant 386:394 arg1 mesothelioma 396:407 malignant mesothelioma 386:407 malignant mesothelioma 386:407 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 4 13 theme malignant 386:394 arg1 model 456:460 a model 454:460 a model 454:460 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 4 13 theme malignant 386:394 arg1 tumor 424:428 an aggressive tumor 410:428 an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis 410:448 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 3 14 theme SULF1/2 326:332 arg1 enzymes 334:340 the SULF1/2 enzymes 322:340 the SULF1/2 enzymes 322:340 This variability is enhanced by the SULF1/2 enzymes, which remove 6-O-sulfates from HS. 26210886 10 15 from roles 1165:1169 arg1 mesothelioma 1209:1220 malignant mesothelioma 1199:1220 malignant mesothelioma 1199:1220 Studies of pleural effusions showed that SULF1 levels are lower in pleural malignancies compared to benign conditions and inversely correlate with the amounts of syndecan-1, suggesting important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 5 16 theme HS 636:637 arg1 content 639:645 HS content 636:645 HS content upon syndecan-1 over-expression 636:677 Biochemical characterization revealed a 2.7-fold reduction in HS content upon syndecan-1 over-expression, but an overall increase in sulfation. 26210886 9 17 theme cycle 956:960 arg1 arrest 962:967 G1 cell cycle arrest 948:967 G1 cell cycle arrest 948:967 The net effect of these changes manifested in G1 cell cycle arrest. 26210886 9 18 theme net 906:908 arg1 effect 910:915 The net effect 902:915 The net effect of these changes 902:932 The net effect of these changes manifested in G1 cell cycle arrest. 26210886 5 19 theme Biochemical 574:584 arg1 characterization 586:601 Biochemical characterization 574:601 Biochemical characterization 574:601 Biochemical characterization revealed a 2.7-fold reduction in HS content upon syndecan-1 over-expression, but an overall increase in sulfation. 26210886 4 20 with tumor 424:428 arg1 prognosis 440:448 poor prognosis 435:448 poor prognosis 435:448 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 0 21 theme sulfate 26:32 arg1 composition 34:44 heparan sulfate composition 18:44 heparan sulfate composition 18:44 Syndecan-1 alters heparan sulfate composition and signaling pathways in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 10 22 theme pleural 981:987 arg1 effusions 989:997 pleural effusions 981:997 pleural effusions 981:997 Studies of pleural effusions showed that SULF1 levels are lower in pleural malignancies compared to benign conditions and inversely correlate with the amounts of syndecan-1, suggesting important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 0 23 theme heparan 18:24 arg1 composition 34:44 heparan sulfate composition 18:44 heparan sulfate composition 18:44 Syndecan-1 alters heparan sulfate composition and signaling pathways in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 4 24 theme biosynthetic 550:561 arg1 machinery 563:571 the HS biosynthetic machinery 543:571 the HS biosynthetic machinery 543:571 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 2 25 from variable 248:255 arg1 length 260:265 length 260:265 length 260:265 HS chains are highly variable in length and sulfation pattern. 26210886 2 25 from variable 248:255 arg1 pattern 281:287 sulfation pattern 271:287 sulfation pattern 271:287 HS chains are highly variable in length and sulfation pattern. 26210886 4 26 theme HS 547:548 arg1 machinery 563:571 the HS biosynthetic machinery 543:571 the HS biosynthetic machinery 543:571 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 2 27 theme HS 227:228 arg1 chains 230:235 HS chains 227:235 HS chains 227:235 HS chains are highly variable in length and sulfation pattern. 26210886 1 28 theme important 200:208 arg1 roles 210:214 important roles 200:214 important roles 200:214 Syndecan-1 is a proteoglycan that acts as co-receptor through its heparan sulfate (HS) chains and plays important roles in cancer. 26210886 6 29 with Consistent 718:727 arg1 levels 744:749 low SULF1 levels 734:749 low SULF1 levels 734:749 Consistent with low SULF1 levels, trisulfated disaccharides increased 2.5-fold. 26210886 10 30 theme important 1155:1163 arg1 roles 1165:1169 important roles 1155:1169 important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma 1155:1220 Studies of pleural effusions showed that SULF1 levels are lower in pleural malignancies compared to benign conditions and inversely correlate with the amounts of syndecan-1, suggesting important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 4 31 theme poor 435:438 arg1 prognosis 440:448 poor prognosis 435:448 poor prognosis 435:448 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 4 32 used used 381:384 arg2 We 378:379 We 378:379 We 378:379 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 0 33 theme signaling 50:58 arg1 pathways 60:67 signaling pathways 50:67 signaling pathways 50:67 Syndecan-1 alters heparan sulfate composition and signaling pathways in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 5 34 theme overall 687:693 arg1 increase 695:702 an overall increase 684:702 an overall increase in sulfation 684:715 Biochemical characterization revealed a 2.7-fold reduction in HS content upon syndecan-1 over-expression, but an overall increase in sulfation. 26210886 2 35 from length 260:265 arg1 variable 248:255 variable 248:255 variable 248:255 HS chains are highly variable in length and sulfation pattern. 26210886 7 36 theme ERK1/2 798:803 arg1 activity 805:812 ERK1/2 activity 798:812 ERK1/2 activity 798:812 ERK1/2 activity was enhanced 6-fold. 26210886 10 37 theme SULF1 1011:1015 arg1 levels 1017:1022 SULF1 levels 1011:1022 SULF1 levels 1011:1022 Studies of pleural effusions showed that SULF1 levels are lower in pleural malignancies compared to benign conditions and inversely correlate with the amounts of syndecan-1, suggesting important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 6 38 theme trisulfated 752:762 arg1 disaccharides 764:776 trisulfated disaccharides 752:776 trisulfated disaccharides 752:776 Consistent with low SULF1 levels, trisulfated disaccharides increased 2.5-fold. 26210886 8 39 theme ERK 849:851 arg1 activation 853:862 ERK activation 849:862 ERK activation 849:862 Counteracting ERK activation, Akt, WNK1, and c-Jun were inhibited. 26210886 5 40 from increase 695:702 arg1 sulfation 707:715 sulfation 707:715 sulfation 707:715 Biochemical characterization revealed a 2.7-fold reduction in HS content upon syndecan-1 over-expression, but an overall increase in sulfation. 26210886 4 41 theme aggressive 413:422 arg1 mesothelioma 396:407 malignant mesothelioma 386:407 malignant mesothelioma 386:407 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 4 41 theme aggressive 413:422 arg1 tumor 424:428 an aggressive tumor 410:428 an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis 410:448 We used malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, as a model and demonstrated that syndecan-1 over-expression down-regulates SULF1 and alters the HS biosynthetic machinery. 26210886 0 42 theme malignant 72:80 arg1 mesothelioma 82:93 malignant mesothelioma 72:93 malignant mesothelioma 72:93 Syndecan-1 alters heparan sulfate composition and signaling pathways in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 10 43 theme pleural 1037:1043 arg1 malignancies 1045:1056 pleural malignancies 1037:1056 pleural malignancies 1037:1056 Studies of pleural effusions showed that SULF1 levels are lower in pleural malignancies compared to benign conditions and inversely correlate with the amounts of syndecan-1, suggesting important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 9 44 theme changes 926:932 arg1 effect 910:915 The net effect 902:915 The net effect of these changes 902:932 The net effect of these changes manifested in G1 cell cycle arrest. 26210886 10 45 theme effusions 989:997 arg1 Studies 970:976 Studies 970:976 Studies of pleural effusions 970:997 Studies of pleural effusions showed that SULF1 levels are lower in pleural malignancies compared to benign conditions and inversely correlate with the amounts of syndecan-1, suggesting important roles for syndecan-1 and SULF1 in malignant mesothelioma. 26210886 6 46 theme SULF1 738:742 arg1 levels 744:749 low SULF1 levels 734:749 low SULF1 levels 734:749 Consistent with low SULF1 levels, trisulfated disaccharides increased 2.5-fold. 26210886 5 47 from reduction 623:631 arg1 content 639:645 HS content 636:645 HS content upon syndecan-1 over-expression 636:677 Biochemical characterization revealed a 2.7-fold reduction in HS content upon syndecan-1 over-expression, but an overall increase in sulfation. 25749531 8 0 theme specimens 1114:1122 arg1 viability 1072:1080 The average cellular viability 1051:1080 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens 1051:1122 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 8 0 theme specimens 1114:1122 arg1 % 1130:1130 39% 1128:1130 39% (SD, 14%) 1128:1140 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 6 1 theme chondrocytes 804:815 arg1 percentage 783:792 the percentage 779:792 the percentage of viable chondrocytes 779:815 The flaps were examined to determine the percentage of viable chondrocytes. 25749531 7 2 theme specimens 869:877 arg1 percentage 830:839 The percentage 826:839 The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies 826:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 7 2 theme specimens 869:877 arg1 % 986:986 38% 984:986 38% for DNA 984:994 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 4 3 theme content 596:602 arg1 indicator 574:582 an indicator 571:582 an indicator of collagen content 571:602 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 10 4 theme degenerative 1441:1452 arg1 appearance 1454:1463 a degenerative appearance 1439:1463 a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage 1439:1492 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 11 5 theme acetabular 1585:1594 arg1 flaps 1605:1609 full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 1570:1609 full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 1570:1609 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 10 6 theme joint 1279:1283 arg1 knowledge 1288:1296 knowledge 1288:1296 knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms 1288:1354 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 10 6 theme joint 1279:1283 arg1 examination 1260:1270 the gross examination 1250:1270 the gross examination of the joint 1250:1283 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 10 6 theme joint 1279:1283 arg1 properties 1376:1385 (2) biochemical properties 1360:1385 (2) biochemical properties 1360:1385 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 10 6 theme joint 1279:1283 arg1 viability 1396:1404 cell viability 1391:1404 cell viability 1391:1404 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 7 7 theme chondral 855:862 arg1 specimens 869:877 acetabular chondral flap specimens 844:877 acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies 844:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 1 8 theme biochemical 185:195 arg1 composition 210:220 their biochemical and cellular composition 179:220 their biochemical and cellular composition 179:220 PURPOSE To analyze chondral flaps debrided during hip arthroscopy to determine their biochemical and cellular composition. 25749531 4 9 theme chondrocyte 649:659 arg1 biosynthesis 661:672 chondrocyte biosynthesis 649:672 chondrocyte biosynthesis 649:672 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 10 10 theme surrounding 1472:1482 arg1 cartilage 1484:1492 the surrounding cartilage 1468:1492 the surrounding cartilage 1468:1492 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 1 11 theme cellular 201:208 arg1 composition 210:220 their biochemical and cellular composition 179:220 their biochemical and cellular composition 179:220 PURPOSE To analyze chondral flaps debrided during hip arthroscopy to determine their biochemical and cellular composition. 25749531 3 12 theme Biochemical 322:332 arg1 analysis 334:341 Biochemical analysis 322:341 Biochemical analysis 322:341 Biochemical analysis was undertaken in 21 flaps from 20 patients, and cellular viability was determined in 10 flaps from 10 patients. 25749531 14 13 theme inductive 2110:2118 arg1 capacity 2120:2127 some conductive or inductive capacity 2091:2127 some conductive or inductive capacity 2091:2127 Although these flaps may still be valuable mechanically and/or as a scaffold in some conductive or inductive capacity, further study is required to assess the clinical benefit of repair. 25749531 11 14 theme chondral 1719:1726 arg1 flaps 1728:1732 full-thickness chondral flaps 1704:1732 full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy 1704:1763 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 14 15 theme conductive 2096:2105 arg1 capacity 2120:2127 some conductive or inductive capacity 2091:2127 some conductive or inductive capacity 2091:2127 Although these flaps may still be valuable mechanically and/or as a scaffold in some conductive or inductive capacity, further study is required to assess the clinical benefit of repair. 25749531 2 16 theme chondral 268:275 arg1 flaps 277:281 Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 231:281 Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 231:281 METHODS Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps were collected during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 12 17 theme hip 1899:1901 arg1 arthroscopy 1903:1913 hip arthroscopy 1899:1913 hip arthroscopy 1899:1913 CLINICAL RELEVANCE There has been recent interest in repairing chondral flaps encountered during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 11 18 theme hip 1749:1751 arg1 arthroscopy 1753:1763 hip arthroscopy 1749:1763 hip arthroscopy 1749:1763 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 2 19 theme full-thickness 242:255 arg1 flaps 277:281 Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 231:281 Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 231:281 METHODS Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps were collected during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 5 20 theme Higher 676:681 arg1 values 683:688 Higher values 676:688 Higher values for these parameters 676:709 Higher values for these parameters indicated more healthy tissue. 25749531 0 21 theme Hip 83:85 arg1 Arthroscopy 87:97 Hip Arthroscopy 83:97 Hip Arthroscopy 83:97 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment of Acetabular Chondral Flaps Identified During Hip Arthroscopy. 25749531 9 22 theme viable 1205:1210 arg1 cells 1193:1197 the cells 1189:1197 the cells still viable 1189:1210 Only 2 of the 10 specimens had more than half the cells still viable. 25749531 7 23 theme normal 955:960 arg1 studies 972:978 previous normal cartilage studies 946:978 previous normal cartilage studies 946:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 3 24 theme cellular 392:399 arg1 viability 401:409 cellular viability 392:409 cellular viability 392:409 Biochemical analysis was undertaken in 21 flaps from 20 patients, and cellular viability was determined in 10 flaps from 10 patients. 25749531 4 25 theme chondrocyte 529:539 arg1 content 541:547 chondrocyte content 529:547 chondrocyte content 529:547 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 11 26 theme live 1683:1686 arg1 chondrocytes 1688:1699 live chondrocytes 1683:1699 live chondrocytes 1683:1699 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 4 27 dep hydroxyproline 555:568 arg1 indicator 574:582 an indicator 571:582 an indicator of collagen content 571:602 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 4 27 dep hydroxyproline 555:568 arg1 2 552:552 2 552:552 2 552:552 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 7 28 theme values 927:932 arg1 SD 912:913 1 SD 910:913 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies 910:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 0 29 theme Biochemical 0:10 arg1 Assessment 25:34 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment 0:34 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment of Acetabular Chondral Flaps 0:63 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment of Acetabular Chondral Flaps Identified During Hip Arthroscopy. 25749531 10 30 theme cell 1391:1394 arg1 viability 1396:1404 cell viability 1391:1404 cell viability 1391:1404 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 0 31 theme Cellular 16:23 arg1 Assessment 25:34 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment 0:34 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment of Acetabular Chondral Flaps 0:63 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment of Acetabular Chondral Flaps Identified During Hip Arthroscopy. 25749531 4 32 dep DNA 508:510 arg1 indicator 516:524 an indicator 513:524 an indicator of chondrocyte content 513:547 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 4 32 dep DNA 508:510 arg1 1 505:505 1 505:505 1 505:505 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 11 33 theme normal 1622:1627 arg1 grossly 1629:1635 normal grossly 1622:1635 normal grossly 1622:1635 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 12 34 theme CLINICAL 1802:1809 arg1 RELEVANCE 1811:1819 CLINICAL RELEVANCE There 1802:1825 CLINICAL RELEVANCE There 1802:1825 CLINICAL RELEVANCE There has been recent interest in repairing chondral flaps encountered during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 4 35 dep glycosaminoglycan 614:630 arg1 indicator 636:644 an indicator 633:644 an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis 633:672 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 4 35 dep glycosaminoglycan 614:630 arg1 3 611:611 3 611:611 3 611:611 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 10 36 theme flap 1413:1416 arg1 knowledge 1288:1296 knowledge 1288:1296 knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms 1288:1354 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 10 36 theme flap 1413:1416 arg1 examination 1260:1270 the gross examination 1250:1270 the gross examination of the joint 1250:1283 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 10 36 theme flap 1413:1416 arg1 properties 1376:1385 (2) biochemical properties 1360:1385 (2) biochemical properties 1360:1385 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 10 36 theme flap 1413:1416 arg1 viability 1396:1404 cell viability 1391:1404 cell viability 1391:1404 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 0 37 theme Chondral 50:57 arg1 Flaps 59:63 Acetabular Chondral Flaps 39:63 Acetabular Chondral Flaps 39:63 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment of Acetabular Chondral Flaps Identified During Hip Arthroscopy. 25749531 8 38 theme cellular 1063:1070 arg1 viability 1072:1080 The average cellular viability 1051:1080 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens 1051:1122 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 8 38 theme cellular 1063:1070 arg1 % 1130:1130 39% 1128:1130 39% (SD, 14%) 1128:1140 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 11 39 theme biochemical 1642:1652 arg1 properties 1654:1663 the biochemical properties 1638:1663 the biochemical properties 1638:1663 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 7 40 dep RESULTS 818:824 arg1 percentage 830:839 The percentage 826:839 The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies 826:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 7 40 dep RESULTS 818:824 arg1 % 998:998 0% 997:998 0% for glycosaminoglycan 997:1020 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 7 40 dep RESULTS 818:824 arg1 % 986:986 38% 984:986 38% for DNA 984:994 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 7 40 dep RESULTS 818:824 arg1 % 1029:1029 43% 1027:1029 43% for hydroxyproline 1027:1048 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 8 41 theme acetabular 1089:1098 arg1 specimens 1114:1122 our acetabular chondral flap specimens 1085:1122 our acetabular chondral flap specimens 1085:1122 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 14 42 theme further 2130:2136 arg1 study 2138:2142 further study 2130:2142 further study 2130:2142 Although these flaps may still be valuable mechanically and/or as a scaffold in some conductive or inductive capacity, further study is required to assess the clinical benefit of repair. 25749531 2 43 dep METHODS 223:229 arg1 collected 288:296 collected 288:296 were collected during hip arthroscopy 283:319 METHODS Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps were collected during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 13 44 theme chondral 1951:1958 arg1 flaps 1960:1964 acetabular chondral flaps 1940:1964 acetabular chondral flaps 1940:1964 These data suggest that acetabular chondral flaps are not biochemically and cellularly normal. 25749531 8 45 theme flap 1109:1112 arg1 specimens 1114:1122 our acetabular chondral flap specimens 1085:1122 our acetabular chondral flap specimens 1085:1122 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 14 46 from scaffold 2079:2086 arg1 capacity 2120:2127 some conductive or inductive capacity 2091:2127 some conductive or inductive capacity 2091:2127 Although these flaps may still be valuable mechanically and/or as a scaffold in some conductive or inductive capacity, further study is required to assess the clinical benefit of repair. 25749531 12 47 dep RELEVANCE 1811:1819 arg1 There 1821:1825 There 1821:1825 There 1821:1825 CLINICAL RELEVANCE There has been recent interest in repairing chondral flaps encountered during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 6 48 theme viable 797:802 arg1 chondrocytes 804:815 viable chondrocytes 797:815 viable chondrocytes 797:815 The flaps were examined to determine the percentage of viable chondrocytes. 25749531 4 49 theme collagen 587:594 arg1 content 596:602 collagen content 587:602 collagen content 587:602 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 11 50 theme chondral 1596:1603 arg1 flaps 1605:1609 full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 1570:1609 full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 1570:1609 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 7 51 theme flap 864:867 arg1 specimens 869:877 acetabular chondral flap specimens 844:877 acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies 844:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 10 52 theme cartilage 1484:1492 arg1 appearance 1454:1463 a degenerative appearance 1439:1463 a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage 1439:1492 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 11 53 theme full-thickness 1570:1583 arg1 flaps 1605:1609 full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 1570:1609 full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 1570:1609 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 10 54 dep examination 1260:1270 arg1 1 1247:1247 1 1247:1247 1 1247:1247 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 10 55 theme higher 1512:1517 arg1 concentration 1534:1546 a higher hydroxyproline concentration 1510:1546 a higher hydroxyproline concentration 1510:1546 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 4 56 theme glycosaminoglycan 614:630 arg1 concentrations 486:499 concentrations 486:499 concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis) 486:673 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 2 57 theme acetabular 257:266 arg1 flaps 277:281 Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 231:281 Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 231:281 METHODS Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps were collected during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 1 58 theme chondral 119:126 arg1 flaps 128:132 chondral flaps 119:132 chondral flaps 119:132 PURPOSE To analyze chondral flaps debrided during hip arthroscopy to determine their biochemical and cellular composition. 25749531 4 59 theme Biochemical 456:466 arg1 analysis 468:475 Biochemical analysis 456:475 Biochemical analysis 456:475 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 9 60 contain had 1170:1172 arg1 specimens 1160:1168 the 10 specimens 1153:1168 Only 2 of the 10 specimens 1143:1168 Only 2 of the 10 specimens had more than half the cells still viable. 25749531 9 60 contain had 1170:1172 arg2 cells 1193:1197 the cells 1189:1197 the cells still viable 1189:1210 Only 2 of the 10 specimens had more than half the cells still viable. 25749531 2 61 theme hip 305:307 arg1 arthroscopy 309:319 hip arthroscopy 305:319 hip arthroscopy 305:319 METHODS Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps were collected during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 3 62 from patients 378:385 arg1 flaps 364:368 21 flaps 361:368 21 flaps from 20 patients 361:385 Biochemical analysis was undertaken in 21 flaps from 20 patients, and cellular viability was determined in 10 flaps from 10 patients. 25749531 1 63 theme hip 150:152 arg1 arthroscopy 154:164 hip arthroscopy 150:164 hip arthroscopy 150:164 PURPOSE To analyze chondral flaps debrided during hip arthroscopy to determine their biochemical and cellular composition. 25749531 4 64 theme biosynthesis 661:672 arg1 indicator 636:644 an indicator 633:644 an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis 633:672 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 4 65 theme content 541:547 arg1 indicator 516:524 an indicator 513:524 an indicator of chondrocyte content 513:547 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 8 66 dep % 1130:1130 arg1 SD 1133:1134 SD 1133:1134 SD 1133:1134 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 8 66 dep % 1130:1130 arg1 % 1139:1139 14% 1137:1139 14% 1137:1139 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 7 67 contain had 884:886 arg1 specimens 869:877 acetabular chondral flap specimens 844:877 acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies 844:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 7 67 contain had 884:886 arg2 concentrations 888:901 concentrations 888:901 concentrations 888:901 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 11 68 theme full-thickness 1704:1717 arg1 flaps 1728:1732 full-thickness chondral flaps 1704:1732 full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy 1704:1763 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 10 69 dep properties 1376:1385 arg1 2 1361:1361 2 1361:1361 2 1361:1361 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 3 70 from patients 446:453 arg1 flaps 432:436 10 flaps 429:436 10 flaps from 10 patients 429:453 Biochemical analysis was undertaken in 21 flaps from 20 patients, and cellular viability was determined in 10 flaps from 10 patients. 25749531 12 71 theme chondral 1865:1872 arg1 flaps 1874:1878 chondral flaps 1865:1878 chondral flaps encountered during hip arthroscopy 1865:1913 CLINICAL RELEVANCE There has been recent interest in repairing chondral flaps encountered during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 7 72 theme cartilage 962:970 arg1 studies 972:978 previous normal cartilage studies 946:978 previous normal cartilage studies 946:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 4 73 theme DNA 508:510 arg1 concentrations 486:499 concentrations 486:499 concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis) 486:673 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 10 74 theme demographic 1315:1325 arg1 characteristics 1327:1341 the patient's demographic characteristics 1301:1341 the patient's demographic characteristics 1301:1341 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 11 75 theme chondrocytes 1688:1699 arg1 percentage 1669:1678 percentage 1669:1678 percentage of live chondrocytes 1669:1699 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 11 75 theme chondrocytes 1688:1699 arg1 properties 1654:1663 the biochemical properties 1638:1663 the biochemical properties 1638:1663 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 11 75 theme chondrocytes 1688:1699 arg1 grossly 1629:1635 normal grossly 1622:1635 normal grossly 1622:1635 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 5 76 theme healthy 726:732 arg1 tissue 734:739 more healthy tissue 721:739 more healthy tissue 721:739 Higher values for these parameters indicated more healthy tissue. 25749531 7 77 theme previous 946:953 arg1 studies 972:978 previous normal cartilage studies 946:978 previous normal cartilage studies 946:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 7 78 theme acetabular 844:853 arg1 specimens 869:877 acetabular chondral flap specimens 844:877 acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies 844:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 12 79 theme recent 1836:1841 arg1 interest 1843:1850 recent interest 1836:1850 recent interest 1836:1850 CLINICAL RELEVANCE There has been recent interest in repairing chondral flaps encountered during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 4 80 theme hydroxyproline 555:568 arg1 concentrations 486:499 concentrations 486:499 concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis) 486:673 Biochemical analysis included concentrations of (1) DNA (an indicator of chondrocyte content), (2) hydroxyproline (an indicator of collagen content), and (3) glycosaminoglycan (an indicator of chondrocyte biosynthesis). 25749531 10 81 theme hydroxyproline 1519:1532 arg1 concentration 1534:1546 a higher hydroxyproline concentration 1510:1546 a higher hydroxyproline concentration 1510:1546 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 7 82 theme mean 922:925 arg1 values 927:932 the mean values 918:932 the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies 918:978 RESULTS The percentage of acetabular chondral flap specimens that had concentrations within 1 SD of the mean values reported in previous normal cartilage studies was 38% for DNA, 0% for glycosaminoglycan, and 43% for hydroxyproline. 25749531 14 83 theme repair 2190:2195 arg1 benefit 2179:2185 the clinical benefit 2166:2185 the clinical benefit of repair 2166:2195 Although these flaps may still be valuable mechanically and/or as a scaffold in some conductive or inductive capacity, further study is required to assess the clinical benefit of repair. 25749531 0 84 theme Acetabular 39:48 arg1 Flaps 59:63 Acetabular Chondral Flaps 39:63 Acetabular Chondral Flaps 39:63 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment of Acetabular Chondral Flaps Identified During Hip Arthroscopy. 25749531 11 85 dep CONCLUSIONS 1549:1559 arg1 appear 1615:1620 appear 1615:1620 can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy 1611:1763 CONCLUSIONS Although full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps can appear normal grossly, the biochemical properties and percentage of live chondrocytes in full-thickness chondral flaps encountered in hip arthroscopy show that this tissue is not normal. 25749531 8 86 theme average 1055:1061 arg1 viability 1072:1080 The average cellular viability 1051:1080 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens 1051:1122 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 8 86 theme average 1055:1061 arg1 % 1130:1130 39% 1128:1130 39% (SD, 14%) 1128:1140 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 10 87 theme biochemical 1364:1374 arg1 properties 1376:1385 (2) biochemical properties 1360:1385 (2) biochemical properties 1360:1385 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25749531 0 88 theme Flaps 59:63 arg1 Assessment 25:34 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment 0:34 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment of Acetabular Chondral Flaps 0:63 Biochemical and Cellular Assessment of Acetabular Chondral Flaps Identified During Hip Arthroscopy. 25749531 2 89 theme Thirty-one 231:240 arg1 flaps 277:281 Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 231:281 Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps 231:281 METHODS Thirty-one full-thickness acetabular chondral flaps were collected during hip arthroscopy. 25749531 13 90 theme acetabular 1940:1949 arg1 flaps 1960:1964 acetabular chondral flaps 1940:1964 acetabular chondral flaps 1940:1964 These data suggest that acetabular chondral flaps are not biochemically and cellularly normal. 25749531 8 91 theme chondral 1100:1107 arg1 specimens 1114:1122 our acetabular chondral flap specimens 1085:1122 our acetabular chondral flap specimens 1085:1122 The average cellular viability of our acetabular chondral flap specimens was 39% (SD, 14%). 25749531 14 92 theme clinical 2170:2177 arg1 benefit 2179:2185 the clinical benefit 2166:2185 the clinical benefit of repair 2166:2195 Although these flaps may still be valuable mechanically and/or as a scaffold in some conductive or inductive capacity, further study is required to assess the clinical benefit of repair. 25749531 10 93 theme gross 1254:1258 arg1 examination 1260:1270 the gross examination 1250:1270 the gross examination of the joint 1250:1283 There was no correlation between (1) the gross examination of the joint or knowledge of the patient's demographic characteristics and symptoms and (2) biochemical properties and cell viability of the flap, with one exception: a degenerative appearance of the surrounding cartilage correlated with a higher hydroxyproline concentration. 25245692 2 0 theme epithelial 318:327 arg1 programs 329:336 culture epithelial programs 310:336 culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body 310:379 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 0 1 theme invasion 75:82 arg1 assays 11:16 3D culture assays 0:16 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 0:83 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 25245692 2 2 theme culture 310:316 arg1 programs 329:336 culture epithelial programs 310:336 culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body 310:379 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 4 3 theme different 694:702 arg1 ECMs 704:707 different ECMs 694:707 different ECMs 694:707 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 4 4 theme mammary 673:679 arg1 organoids 681:689 mammary organoids 673:689 mammary organoids 673:689 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 5 5 theme assay 853:857 arg1 outcomes 836:843 expected phenotypic outcomes 816:843 expected phenotypic outcomes of each assay 816:857 We illustrate expected phenotypic outcomes of each assay and provide troubleshooting tips for commonly encountered technical problems. 25245692 2 6 from days 302:305 arg1 programs 329:336 culture epithelial programs 310:336 culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body 310:379 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 3 7 theme tissue-level 472:483 arg1 invasion 583:590 invasion 583:590 invasion 583:590 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 7 theme tissue-level 472:483 arg1 behaviors 485:493 model cell- and tissue-level behaviors 456:493 model cell- and tissue-level behaviors 456:493 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 7 theme tissue-level 472:483 arg1 dissemination 596:608 dissemination 596:608 dissemination 596:608 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 1 8 theme body 157:160 arg1 surfaces 162:169 outer body surfaces 151:169 outer body surfaces 151:169 Epithelia are fundamental tissues that line cavities, glands, and outer body surfaces. 25245692 4 9 theme mammary 771:777 arg1 gland 779:783 mammary gland 771:783 mammary gland 771:783 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 5 10 theme encountered 905:915 arg1 problems 927:934 commonly encountered technical problems 896:934 commonly encountered technical problems 896:934 We illustrate expected phenotypic outcomes of each assay and provide troubleshooting tips for commonly encountered technical problems. 25245692 2 11 theme ducts 256:260 arg1 culture 211:217 three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture 179:217 three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture 179:217 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 4 12 dep staining 736:743 arg1 sections 792:799 tissue sections 785:799 tissue sections 785:799 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 0 13 theme culture 3:9 arg1 assays 11:16 3D culture assays 0:16 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 0:83 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 25245692 4 14 theme organoids 681:689 arg1 culture 662:668 3D culture 659:668 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs 659:707 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 0 15 theme 3D 0:1 arg1 assays 11:16 3D culture assays 0:16 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 0:83 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 25245692 4 16 theme tissue 785:790 arg1 sections 792:799 tissue sections 785:799 tissue sections 785:799 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 5 17 theme expected 816:823 arg1 outcomes 836:843 expected phenotypic outcomes 816:843 expected phenotypic outcomes of each assay 816:857 We illustrate expected phenotypic outcomes of each assay and provide troubleshooting tips for commonly encountered technical problems. 25245692 4 18 theme samples 759:765 arg1 staining 736:743 immunofluorescence staining 717:743 immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples 717:765 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 4 18 theme samples 759:765 arg1 gland 779:783 mammary gland 771:783 mammary gland 771:783 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 1 19 theme fundamental 99:109 arg1 Epithelia 85:93 Epithelia 85:93 Epithelia 85:93 Epithelia are fundamental tissues that line cavities, glands, and outer body surfaces. 25245692 1 19 theme fundamental 99:109 arg1 tissues 111:117 fundamental tissues 99:117 fundamental tissues that line cavities, glands, and outer body surfaces 99:169 Epithelia are fundamental tissues that line cavities, glands, and outer body surfaces. 25245692 3 20 located observed 495:502 arg1 development 514:524 normal development 507:524 normal development 507:524 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 20 located observed 495:502 arg1 cancer 567:572 cancer 567:572 cancer 567:572 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 20 located observed 495:502 arg2 dissemination 596:608 dissemination 596:608 dissemination 596:608 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 20 located observed 495:502 arg2 behaviors 485:493 model cell- and tissue-level behaviors 456:493 model cell- and tissue-level behaviors 456:493 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 20 located observed 495:502 arg2 invasion 583:590 invasion 583:590 invasion 583:590 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 21 theme matrix 430:435 arg1 composition 397:407 the composition 393:407 the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 393:441 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 1 22 theme outer 151:155 arg1 surfaces 162:169 outer body surfaces 151:169 outer body surfaces 151:169 Epithelia are fundamental tissues that line cavities, glands, and outer body surfaces. 25245692 3 23 dep such 527:530 arg1 as 532:533 as 532:533 as 532:533 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 5 24 theme phenotypic 825:834 arg1 outcomes 836:843 expected phenotypic outcomes 816:843 expected phenotypic outcomes of each assay 816:857 We illustrate expected phenotypic outcomes of each assay and provide troubleshooting tips for commonly encountered technical problems. 25245692 0 25 theme mammary 28:34 arg1 morphogenesis 46:58 murine mammary branching morphogenesis 21:58 murine mammary branching morphogenesis 21:58 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 25245692 5 26 theme technical 917:925 arg1 problems 927:934 commonly encountered technical problems 896:934 commonly encountered technical problems 896:934 We illustrate expected phenotypic outcomes of each assay and provide troubleshooting tips for commonly encountered technical problems. 25245692 4 27 theme culture 751:757 arg1 samples 759:765 3D culture samples 748:765 3D culture samples 748:765 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 0 28 theme murine 21:26 arg1 morphogenesis 46:58 murine mammary branching morphogenesis 21:58 murine mammary branching morphogenesis 21:58 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 25245692 4 29 theme 3D 748:749 arg1 samples 759:765 3D culture samples 748:765 3D culture samples 748:765 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 3 30 theme extracellular 416:428 arg1 ECM 438:440 ECM 438:440 ECM 438:440 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 30 theme extracellular 416:428 arg1 matrix 430:435 the extracellular matrix 412:435 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 412:441 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 0 31 theme morphogenesis 46:58 arg1 assays 11:16 3D culture assays 0:16 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 0:83 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 25245692 2 32 theme embedded 202:209 arg1 culture 211:217 three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture 179:217 three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture 179:217 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 4 33 theme protocols 645:653 arg1 collection 631:640 a collection 629:640 a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections 629:799 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 0 34 theme branching 36:44 arg1 morphogenesis 46:58 murine mammary branching morphogenesis 21:58 murine mammary branching morphogenesis 21:58 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 25245692 2 35 theme deep 360:363 arg1 weeks 354:358 weeks 354:358 weeks deep within the body 354:379 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 3 36 theme branching 535:543 arg1 morphogenesis 545:557 branching morphogenesis 535:557 branching morphogenesis 535:557 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 37 theme model 456:460 arg1 invasion 583:590 invasion 583:590 invasion 583:590 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 37 theme model 456:460 arg1 behaviors 485:493 model cell- and tissue-level behaviors 456:493 model cell- and tissue-level behaviors 456:493 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 37 theme model 456:460 arg1 dissemination 596:608 dissemination 596:608 dissemination 596:608 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 1 38 theme line 124:127 arg1 cavities 129:136 line cavities 124:136 line cavities 124:136 Epithelia are fundamental tissues that line cavities, glands, and outer body surfaces. 25245692 4 39 from culture 662:668 arg1 ECMs 704:707 different ECMs 694:707 different ECMs 694:707 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 4 40 theme immunofluorescence 717:734 arg1 staining 736:743 immunofluorescence staining 717:743 immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples 717:765 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 2 41 theme epithelial 245:254 arg1 ducts 256:260 primary murine mammary epithelial ducts 222:260 primary murine mammary epithelial ducts 222:260 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 4 42 theme 3D 659:660 arg1 culture 662:668 3D culture 659:668 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs 659:707 Here, we describe a collection of protocols for 3D culture of mammary organoids in different ECMs and for immunofluorescence staining of 3D culture samples and mammary gland tissue sections. 25245692 3 43 theme normal 507:512 arg1 development 514:524 normal development 507:524 normal development 507:524 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 2 44 dep three-dimensional 179:195 arg1 3D 198:199 3D 198:199 3D 198:199 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 2 45 theme three-dimensional 179:195 arg1 culture 211:217 three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture 179:217 three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture 179:217 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 2 46 theme mammary 237:243 arg1 ducts 256:260 primary murine mammary epithelial ducts 222:260 primary murine mammary epithelial ducts 222:260 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 5 47 theme troubleshooting 871:885 arg1 tips 887:890 troubleshooting tips 871:890 troubleshooting tips for commonly encountered technical problems 871:934 We illustrate expected phenotypic outcomes of each assay and provide troubleshooting tips for commonly encountered technical problems. 25245692 0 48 theme epithelial 64:73 arg1 invasion 75:82 epithelial invasion 64:82 epithelial invasion 64:82 3D culture assays of murine mammary branching morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. 25245692 2 49 theme murine 230:235 arg1 ducts 256:260 primary murine mammary epithelial ducts 222:260 primary murine mammary epithelial ducts 222:260 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25245692 3 50 theme cell- 462:466 arg1 invasion 583:590 invasion 583:590 invasion 583:590 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 50 theme cell- 462:466 arg1 behaviors 485:493 model cell- and tissue-level behaviors 456:493 model cell- and tissue-level behaviors 456:493 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 3 50 theme cell- 462:466 arg1 dissemination 596:608 dissemination 596:608 dissemination 596:608 Modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows us to model cell- and tissue-level behaviors observed in normal development, such as branching morphogenesis, and in cancer, such as invasion and dissemination. 25245692 2 51 theme primary 222:228 arg1 ducts 256:260 primary murine mammary epithelial ducts 222:260 primary murine mammary epithelial ducts 222:260 We use three-dimensional (3D) embedded culture of primary murine mammary epithelial ducts, called "organoids," to recapitulate in days in culture epithelial programs that occur over weeks deep within the body. 25052398 3 0 theme strain 315:320 arg1 T 326:326 T 326:326 T 326:326 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 0 theme strain 315:320 arg1 IXS 322:324 strain IXS 315:324 strain IXS(T) 315:327 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 2 1 theme endophytic 106:115 arg1 IXS4 138:141 IXS4 138:141 IXS4(T) 138:144 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 2 1 theme endophytic 106:115 arg1 strain 130:135 An endophytic actinomycete strain 103:135 An endophytic actinomycete strain 103:135 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 3 2 theme % 393:393 arg1 YIM 374:376 YIM 374:376 YIM 374:376 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 2 theme % 393:393 arg1 similarity 418:427 98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 388:427 98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 388:427 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 4 3 theme type 640:643 arg1 strains 645:651 the closely related type strains 620:651 the closely related type strains 620:651 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain IXS4(T) and the closely related type strains were well below 70%. 25052398 3 4 theme 16S 395:397 arg1 YIM 374:376 YIM 374:376 YIM 374:376 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 4 theme 16S 395:397 arg1 similarity 418:427 98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 388:427 98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 388:427 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 5 theme rRNA 293:296 arg1 sequence 303:310 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 285:310 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) 285:327 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 4 6 theme hybridization 572:584 arg1 values 586:591 DNA-DNA hybridization values 564:591 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain IXS4(T) and the closely related type strains 564:651 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain IXS4(T) and the closely related type strains were well below 70%. 25052398 9 7 theme name 1267:1270 arg1 http 1272:1275 the name http 1263:1275 the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp 1263:1328 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 5 8 theme physiological 709:721 arg1 characteristics 739:753 physiological and biochemical characteristics 709:753 physiological and biochemical characteristics that were distinct from the closely related species 709:805 The strain also showed a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics that were distinct from the closely related species. 25052398 3 9 theme gene 298:301 arg1 sequence 303:310 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 285:310 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) 285:327 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 5 10 theme biochemical 727:737 arg1 characteristics 739:753 physiological and biochemical characteristics 709:753 physiological and biochemical characteristics that were distinct from the closely related species 709:805 The strain also showed a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics that were distinct from the closely related species. 25052398 2 11 theme located 235:241 arg1 Yesanpo 227:233 Yesanpo 227:233 Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China 227:282 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 2 12 from China 278:282 arg1 located 235:241 located 235:241 located 235:241 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 3 13 theme sequence 409:416 arg1 YIM 374:376 YIM 374:376 YIM 374:376 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 13 theme sequence 409:416 arg1 similarity 418:427 98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 388:427 98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 388:427 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 14 theme most 336:339 arg1 similarity 341:350 most similarity 336:350 most similarity 336:350 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 15 theme 16S 289:291 arg1 sequence 303:310 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 285:310 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) 285:327 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 6 16 contain contained 819:827 arg2 MK-11 843:847 MK-11 843:847 MK-11 843:847 The strain contained MK-10(H2) and MK-11(H0) as the detected menaquinones. 25052398 6 16 contain contained 819:827 arg2 H2 835:836 H2 835:836 H2 835:836 The strain contained MK-10(H2) and MK-11(H0) as the detected menaquinones. 25052398 6 16 contain contained 819:827 arg1 strain 812:817 The strain 808:817 The strain 808:817 The strain contained MK-10(H2) and MK-11(H0) as the detected menaquinones. 25052398 6 16 contain contained 819:827 arg2 H0 849:850 H0 849:850 H0 849:850 The strain contained MK-10(H2) and MK-11(H0) as the detected menaquinones. 25052398 6 16 contain contained 819:827 arg2 menaquinones 869:880 the detected menaquinones 856:880 the detected menaquinones 856:880 The strain contained MK-10(H2) and MK-11(H0) as the detected menaquinones. 25052398 6 16 contain contained 819:827 arg2 MK-10 829:833 MK-10 829:833 MK-10 829:833 The strain contained MK-10(H2) and MK-11(H0) as the detected menaquinones. 25052398 3 17 theme IXS 322:324 arg1 sequence 303:310 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 285:310 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) 285:327 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 0 18 theme artemisiae 11:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Glycomyces artemisiae sp 0:23 Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 0:24 Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 3 19 theme NRRL 538:541 arg1 T 551:551 T 551:551 T 551:551 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 19 theme NRRL 538:541 arg1 B-16327 543:549 NRRL B-16327 538:549 NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%) 538:561 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 19 theme NRRL 538:541 arg1 % 560:560 97.10% 555:560 97.10% 555:560 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 4 20 theme related 632:638 arg1 strains 645:651 the closely related type strains 620:651 the closely related type strains 620:651 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain IXS4(T) and the closely related type strains were well below 70%. 25052398 9 21 theme Glycomyces 1246:1255 arg1 species 1225:1231 a novel species 1217:1231 a novel species of the genus Glycomyces 1217:1255 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 9 22 dep http 1272:1275 arg1 sp 1327:1328 //dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp 1277:1328 the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp 1263:1328 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 2 23 attach isolated 151:158 arg2 IXS4 138:141 IXS4 138:141 IXS4(T) 138:144 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 2 23 attach isolated 151:158 arg2 strain 130:135 An endophytic actinomycete strain 103:135 An endophytic actinomycete strain 103:135 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 2 23 attach isolated 151:158 arg1 root 169:172 the root 165:172 the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China 165:282 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 0 24 theme Glycomyces 0:9 arg1 sp 22:23 Glycomyces artemisiae sp 0:23 Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 0:24 Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 1 25 attach isolated 59:66 arg2 actinomycete 46:57 an endophytic actinomycete 32:57 an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi 32:100 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi. 25052398 1 25 attach isolated 59:66 arg1 roots 77:81 the roots 73:81 the roots of Artemisia argyi 73:100 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi. 25052398 9 26 theme //dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces 1277:1314 arg1 sp 1327:1328 //dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp 1277:1328 the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp 1263:1328 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 5 27 from species 799:805 arg1 distinct 765:772 distinct 765:772 distinct 765:772 The strain also showed a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics that were distinct from the closely related species. 25052398 9 28 theme genus 1240:1244 arg1 Glycomyces 1246:1255 the genus Glycomyces 1236:1255 the genus Glycomyces 1236:1255 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 4 29 theme strain 601:606 arg1 T 613:613 T 613:613 T 613:613 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain IXS4(T) and the closely related type strains were well below 70%. 25052398 4 29 theme strain 601:606 arg1 IXS4 608:611 strain IXS4 601:611 strain IXS4(T) 601:614 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain IXS4(T) and the closely related type strains were well below 70%. 25052398 1 30 theme Artemisia 86:94 arg1 argyi 96:100 Artemisia argyi 86:100 Artemisia argyi 86:100 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi. 25052398 7 31 theme meso-diaminopimelic 912:930 arg1 peptidoglycan 887:899 The peptidoglycan 883:899 The peptidoglycan 883:899 The peptidoglycan was mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars contained galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. 25052398 7 31 theme meso-diaminopimelic 912:930 arg1 acid 932:935 mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid 905:935 mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid 905:935 The peptidoglycan was mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars contained galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. 25052398 4 32 theme DNA-DNA 564:570 arg1 hybridization 572:584 DNA-DNA hybridization 564:584 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain IXS4(T) and the closely related type strains 564:651 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain IXS4(T) and the closely related type strains were well below 70%. 25052398 1 33 theme argyi 96:100 arg1 roots 77:81 the roots 73:81 the roots of Artemisia argyi 73:100 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi. 25052398 8 34 theme cellular 1031:1038 arg1 acids 1046:1050 The major cellular fatty acids 1021:1050 The major cellular fatty acids 1021:1050 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25052398 8 34 theme cellular 1031:1038 arg1 iso-C14:0 1057:1065 iso-C14:0 1057:1065 iso-C14:0 1057:1065 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25052398 9 35 theme novel 1219:1223 arg1 species 1225:1231 a novel species 1217:1231 a novel species of the genus Glycomyces 1217:1255 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 8 36 theme major 1025:1029 arg1 acids 1046:1050 The major cellular fatty acids 1021:1050 The major cellular fatty acids 1021:1050 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25052398 8 36 theme major 1025:1029 arg1 iso-C14:0 1057:1065 iso-C14:0 1057:1065 iso-C14:0 1057:1065 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25052398 11 37 theme = 1381:1381 arg1 T 1413:1413  = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T) 1364:1414  = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T) 1364:1414 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 11 37 theme = 1381:1381 arg1 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)) 1355:1415 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 2 38 theme argyi 187:191 arg1 root 169:172 the root 165:172 the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China 165:282 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 7 39 theme whole-cell 945:954 arg1 sugars 956:961 the whole-cell sugars 941:961 the whole-cell sugars 941:961 The peptidoglycan was mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars contained galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. 25052398 11 40 theme CGMCC 1383:1387 arg1 T 1413:1413  = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T) 1364:1414  = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T) 1364:1414 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 11 40 theme CGMCC 1383:1387 arg1 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)) 1355:1415 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 8 41 theme fatty 1040:1044 arg1 acids 1046:1050 The major cellular fatty acids 1021:1050 The major cellular fatty acids 1021:1050 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25052398 8 41 theme fatty 1040:1044 arg1 iso-C14:0 1057:1065 iso-C14:0 1057:1065 iso-C14:0 1057:1065 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25052398 11 42 theme  = 1398:1399 arg1 T 1413:1413  = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T) 1364:1414  = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T) 1364:1414 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 11 42 theme  = 1398:1399 arg1 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)) 1355:1415 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 7 43 contain contained 963:971 arg1 sugars 956:961 the whole-cell sugars 941:961 the whole-cell sugars 941:961 The peptidoglycan was mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars contained galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. 25052398 7 43 contain contained 963:971 arg2 glucose 984:990 glucose 984:990 glucose 984:990 The peptidoglycan was mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars contained galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. 25052398 7 43 contain contained 963:971 arg2 ribose 1013:1018 ribose 1013:1018 ribose 1013:1018 The peptidoglycan was mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars contained galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. 25052398 7 43 contain contained 963:971 arg2 mannose 993:999 mannose 993:999 mannose 993:999 The peptidoglycan was mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars contained galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. 25052398 7 43 contain contained 963:971 arg2 galactose 973:981 galactose 973:981 galactose 973:981 The peptidoglycan was mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars contained galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. 25052398 7 43 contain contained 963:971 arg2 xylose 1002:1007 xylose 1002:1007 xylose 1002:1007 The peptidoglycan was mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars contained galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. 25052398 6 44 theme detected 860:867 arg1 MK-11 843:847 MK-11 843:847 MK-11 843:847 The strain contained MK-10(H2) and MK-11(H0) as the detected menaquinones. 25052398 6 44 theme detected 860:867 arg1 MK-10 829:833 MK-10 829:833 MK-10 829:833 The strain contained MK-10(H2) and MK-11(H0) as the detected menaquinones. 25052398 6 44 theme detected 860:867 arg1 menaquinones 869:880 the detected menaquinones 856:880 the detected menaquinones 856:880 The strain contained MK-10(H2) and MK-11(H0) as the detected menaquinones. 25052398 11 45 theme NBRC 1401:1404 arg1 T 1413:1413  = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T) 1364:1414  = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T) 1364:1414 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 11 45 theme NBRC 1401:1404 arg1 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)) 1355:1415 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 5 46 theme related 791:797 arg1 species 799:805 the closely related species 779:805 the closely related species 779:805 The strain also showed a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics that were distinct from the closely related species. 25052398 1 47 dep actinomycete 46:57 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi. 25052398 9 48 theme artemisiae 1316:1325 arg1 sp 1327:1328 //dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp 1277:1328 the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp 1263:1328 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 3 49 dep Glycomyces 475:484 arg1 E71 495:497 E71 495:497 E71 495:497 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 49 dep Glycomyces 475:484 arg1 % 508:508 97.90% 503:508 97.90% 503:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 49 dep Glycomyces 475:484 arg1 sambucus 486:493 Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) 475:509 Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) 475:509 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 49 dep Glycomyces 475:484 arg1 T 499:499 T 499:499 T 499:499 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 11 50 theme T 1396:1396 arg1 T 1413:1413  = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T) 1364:1414  = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T) 1364:1414 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 11 50 theme T 1396:1396 arg1 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)) 1355:1415 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 3 51 dep YIM 374:376 arg1 T 551:551 T 551:551 T 551:551 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 51 dep YIM 374:376 arg1 B-16327 543:549 NRRL B-16327 538:549 NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%) 538:561 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 51 dep YIM 374:376 arg1 % 560:560 97.10% 555:560 97.10% 555:560 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 9 52 theme strain 1191:1196 arg1 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 9 52 theme strain 1191:1196 arg1 IXS4 1198:1201 strain IXS4 1191:1201 strain IXS4(T) 1191:1204 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 9 53 theme genetic 1136:1142 arg1 properties 1159:1168 the genetic and phenotypic properties 1132:1168 the genetic and phenotypic properties 1132:1168 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 25052398 5 54 theme characteristics 739:753 arg1 number 699:704 a number 697:704 a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics that were distinct from the closely related species 697:805 The strain also showed a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics that were distinct from the closely related species. 25052398 2 55 theme medicinal 196:204 arg1 argyi 187:191 Artemisia argyi 177:191 Artemisia argyi 177:191 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 2 55 theme medicinal 196:204 arg1 plant 206:210 a medicinal plant 194:210 a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China 194:282 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 3 56 theme rRNA 399:402 arg1 YIM 374:376 YIM 374:376 YIM 374:376 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 56 theme rRNA 399:402 arg1 similarity 418:427 98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 388:427 98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 388:427 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 2 57 from located 235:241 arg1 China 278:282 China 278:282 China 278:282 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 2 57 from located 235:241 arg1 Hebei 262:266 Hebei 262:266 Hebei 262:266 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 2 58 theme actinomycete 117:128 arg1 IXS4 138:141 IXS4 138:141 IXS4(T) 138:144 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 2 58 theme actinomycete 117:128 arg1 strain 130:135 An endophytic actinomycete strain 103:135 An endophytic actinomycete strain 103:135 An endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4(T), was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. 25052398 1 59 theme endophytic 35:44 arg1 actinomycete 46:57 an endophytic actinomycete 32:57 an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi 32:100 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi. 25052398 11 60 theme type 1340:1343 arg1 strain 1345:1350 The type strain 1336:1350 The type strain 1336:1350 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 11 60 theme type 1340:1343 arg1 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4 1355:1358 IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)) 1355:1415 The type strain is IXS4(T) ( = HBUM178000(T) = CGMCC 4.7067(T) = NBRC 109773(T)). 25052398 3 61 theme gene 404:407 arg1 YIM 374:376 YIM 374:376 YIM 374:376 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 3 61 theme gene 404:407 arg1 similarity 418:427 98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 388:427 98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 388:427 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXS(T) showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331(T) (98.23% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256(T) (98.00%), Glycomyces sambucus E71(T) (97.90%) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327(T) (97.10%). 25052398 9 62 theme phenotypic 1148:1157 arg1 properties 1159:1168 the genetic and phenotypic properties 1132:1168 the genetic and phenotypic properties 1132:1168 Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671Glycomyces artemisiae sp. 28362977 1 0 from agent 159:163 arg1 medicine 173:180 folk medicine 168:180 folk medicine 168:180 Mangifera indica is widely found in Brazil, and its leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. 28362977 6 1 theme 8 882:882 arg1 ± 880:880 ± 880:880 ± 880:880 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 10 2 theme present 1342:1348 arg1 study 1350:1354 the present study 1338:1354 the present study 1338:1354 The results of the present study show that essential oils from M. indica differ in chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 28362977 5 3 theme rat 835:837 arg1 paws 839:842 rat paws 835:842 rat paws 835:842 At oral doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, the essential oils significantly reduced edema formation and the increase in MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws. 28362977 2 4 from varieties 277:285 arg1 oils 253:256 essential oils 243:256 essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), 243:331 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 4 from varieties 277:285 arg1 analysis 231:238 composition analysis 219:238 composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), 219:331 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 6 5 dep inhibition 885:894 arg1 % 883:883 % 883:883 % 883:883 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 1 6 dep its 115:117 arg1 leaves 119:124 leaves 119:124 leaves 119:124 Mangifera indica is widely found in Brazil, and its leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. 28362977 10 7 theme M. 1386:1387 arg1 indica 1389:1394 M. indica 1386:1394 M. indica 1386:1394 The results of the present study show that essential oils from M. indica differ in chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 28362977 9 8 located observed 1259:1266 arg1 test 1317:1320 the leukocyte migration test 1293:1320 the leukocyte migration test 1293:1320 In the pleurisy model, inhibitions were also observed for EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 in the leukocyte migration test. 28362977 9 8 located observed 1259:1266 arg2 inhibitions 1237:1247 inhibitions 1237:1247 inhibitions 1237:1247 In the pleurisy model, inhibitions were also observed for EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 in the leukocyte migration test. 28362977 9 8 located observed 1259:1266 arg1 model 1230:1234 the pleurisy model 1217:1234 the pleurisy model 1217:1234 In the pleurisy model, inhibitions were also observed for EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 in the leukocyte migration test. 28362977 0 9 from indica 59:64 arg1 effects 18:24 Anti-inflammatory effects 0:24 Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Mangifera indica 0:64 Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Mangifera indica. 28362977 1 10 theme Mangifera 67:75 arg1 indica 77:82 Mangifera indica 67:82 Mangifera indica 67:82 Mangifera indica is widely found in Brazil, and its leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. 28362977 10 11 from indica 1389:1394 arg1 oils 1376:1379 essential oils 1366:1379 essential oils from M. indica 1366:1394 The results of the present study show that essential oils from M. indica differ in chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 28362977 2 12 theme oils 253:256 arg1 analysis 231:238 composition analysis 219:238 composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), 219:331 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 4 13 theme pleurisy 667:674 arg1 model 676:680 the pleurisy model 663:680 the pleurisy model 663:680 Paw edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw model, while leukocyte migration was analyzed using the pleurisy model. 28362977 5 14 theme oral 686:689 arg1 doses 691:695 oral doses 686:695 oral doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg 686:716 At oral doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, the essential oils significantly reduced edema formation and the increase in MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws. 28362977 8 15 theme MPO 1094:1096 arg1 activity 1098:1105 MPO activity 1094:1105 MPO activity 1094:1105 EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 significantly reduced MPO activity at doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively). 28362977 10 16 from activity 1449:1456 arg1 rats 1461:1464 rats 1461:1464 rats 1461:1464 The results of the present study show that essential oils from M. indica differ in chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 28362977 5 17 theme MPO 796:798 arg1 activity 800:807 MPO activity 796:807 MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws 796:842 At oral doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, the essential oils significantly reduced edema formation and the increase in MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws. 28362977 1 18 used used 130:133 arg2 agent 159:163 an anti-inflammatory agent 138:163 an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine 138:180 Mangifera indica is widely found in Brazil, and its leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. 28362977 1 18 used used 130:133 arg2 its 115:117 its 115:117 its 115:117 Mangifera indica is widely found in Brazil, and its leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. 28362977 1 19 theme anti-inflammatory 141:157 arg1 its 115:117 its 115:117 its 115:117 Mangifera indica is widely found in Brazil, and its leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. 28362977 1 19 theme anti-inflammatory 141:157 arg1 agent 159:163 an anti-inflammatory agent 138:163 an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine 138:180 Mangifera indica is widely found in Brazil, and its leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. 28362977 4 20 theme myeloperoxidase 531:545 arg1 activity 553:560 myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity 531:560 myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity 531:560 Paw edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw model, while leukocyte migration was analyzed using the pleurisy model. 28362977 3 21 theme essential 485:493 arg1 oils 495:498 two essential oils 481:498 two essential oils from the leaves 481:514 Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in two essential oils from the leaves. 28362977 3 22 theme Twenty-three 381:392 arg1 compounds 403:411 Twenty-three volatile compounds 381:411 Twenty-three volatile compounds 381:411 Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in two essential oils from the leaves. 28362977 9 23 theme pleurisy 1221:1228 arg1 model 1230:1234 the pleurisy model 1217:1234 the pleurisy model 1217:1234 In the pleurisy model, inhibitions were also observed for EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 in the leukocyte migration test. 28362977 10 24 theme anti-inflammatory 1431:1447 arg1 activity 1449:1456 anti-inflammatory activity 1431:1456 anti-inflammatory activity 1431:1456 The results of the present study show that essential oils from M. indica differ in chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 28362977 0 25 theme Anti-inflammatory 0:16 arg1 effects 18:24 Anti-inflammatory effects 0:24 Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Mangifera indica 0:64 Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Mangifera indica. 28362977 10 26 from composition 1415:1425 arg1 rats 1461:1464 rats 1461:1464 rats 1461:1464 The results of the present study show that essential oils from M. indica differ in chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 28362977 2 27 theme indica 270:275 arg1 boi 319:321 coração de boi 308:321 coração de boi (EOMIL2) 308:330 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 27 theme indica 270:275 arg1 espada 288:293 espada 288:293 espada (EOMIL1) 288:302 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 27 theme indica 270:275 arg1 varieties 277:285 the M. indica varieties 263:285 the M. indica varieties 263:285 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 1 28 theme folk 168:171 arg1 medicine 173:180 folk medicine 168:180 folk medicine 168:180 Mangifera indica is widely found in Brazil, and its leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. 28362977 0 29 theme essential 29:37 arg1 oils 39:42 essential oils 29:42 essential oils 29:42 Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Mangifera indica. 28362977 6 30 theme 7 944:944 arg1 ± 942:942 ± 942:942 ± 942:942 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 10 31 theme chemical 1406:1413 arg1 composition 1415:1425 chemical composition 1406:1425 chemical composition 1406:1425 The results of the present study show that essential oils from M. indica differ in chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 28362977 2 32 theme M. 267:268 arg1 boi 319:321 coração de boi 308:321 coração de boi (EOMIL2) 308:330 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 32 theme M. 267:268 arg1 espada 288:293 espada 288:293 espada (EOMIL1) 288:302 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 32 theme M. 267:268 arg1 varieties 277:285 the M. indica varieties 263:285 the M. indica varieties 263:285 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 10 33 theme essential 1366:1374 arg1 oils 1376:1379 essential oils 1366:1379 essential oils from M. indica 1366:1394 The results of the present study show that essential oils from M. indica differ in chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 28362977 2 34 theme anti-inflammatory 351:367 arg1 properties 369:378 their anti-inflammatory properties 345:378 their anti-inflammatory properties 345:378 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 4 35 theme Paw 517:519 arg1 edema 521:525 Paw edema 517:525 Paw edema 517:525 Paw edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw model, while leukocyte migration was analyzed using the pleurisy model. 28362977 2 36 theme essential 243:251 arg1 oils 253:256 essential oils 243:256 essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), 243:331 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 8 37 theme ± 1144:1144 arg1 % 1147:1147 47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8% 1130:1147 47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8% 1130:1147 EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 significantly reduced MPO activity at doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively). 28362977 2 38 from analysis 231:238 arg1 boi 319:321 coração de boi 308:321 coração de boi (EOMIL2) 308:330 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 38 from analysis 231:238 arg1 espada 288:293 espada 288:293 espada (EOMIL1) 288:302 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 38 from analysis 231:238 arg1 varieties 277:285 the M. indica varieties 263:285 the M. indica varieties 263:285 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 3 39 dep the 505:507 arg1 leaves 509:514 leaves 509:514 leaves 509:514 Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in two essential oils from the leaves. 28362977 5 40 theme mg/kg 712:716 arg1 doses 691:695 oral doses 686:695 oral doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg 686:716 At oral doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, the essential oils significantly reduced edema formation and the increase in MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws. 28362977 6 41 theme EOMIL1 869:874 arg1 dose 851:854 a dose 849:854 a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1 849:874 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 4 42 theme carrageenan-induced 587:605 arg1 model 611:615 the carrageenan-induced paw model 583:615 the carrageenan-induced paw model 583:615 Paw edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw model, while leukocyte migration was analyzed using the pleurisy model. 28362977 8 43 dep mg/kg 1123:1127 arg1 % 1147:1147 47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8% 1130:1147 47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8% 1130:1147 EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 significantly reduced MPO activity at doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively). 28362977 6 44 theme 51 939:940 arg1 ± 942:942 ± 942:942 ± 942:942 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 3 45 theme volatile 394:401 arg1 compounds 403:411 Twenty-three volatile compounds 381:411 Twenty-three volatile compounds 381:411 Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in two essential oils from the leaves. 28362977 0 46 theme oils 39:42 arg1 effects 18:24 Anti-inflammatory effects 0:24 Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Mangifera indica 0:64 Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Mangifera indica. 28362977 1 47 located found 94:98 arg2 indica 77:82 Mangifera indica 67:82 Mangifera indica 67:82 Mangifera indica is widely found in Brazil, and its leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. 28362977 1 47 located found 94:98 arg1 Brazil 103:108 Brazil 103:108 Brazil 103:108 Mangifera indica is widely found in Brazil, and its leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. 28362977 2 48 theme study 199:203 arg1 aim 187:189 The aim 183:189 The aim of this study 183:203 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 10 49 theme study 1350:1354 arg1 results 1327:1333 The results 1323:1333 The results of the present study 1323:1354 The results of the present study show that essential oils from M. indica differ in chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 28362977 6 50 theme 300 859:861 arg1 mg/kg 863:867 mg/kg 863:867 mg/kg 863:867 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 5 51 theme essential 723:731 arg1 oils 733:736 the essential oils 719:736 the essential oils 719:736 At oral doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, the essential oils significantly reduced edema formation and the increase in MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws. 28362977 6 52 theme 62 877:878 arg1 ± 880:880 ± 880:880 ± 880:880 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 5 53 from increase 784:791 arg1 activity 800:807 MPO activity 796:807 MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws 796:842 At oral doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, the essential oils significantly reduced edema formation and the increase in MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws. 28362977 3 54 theme chromatography-mass 437:455 arg1 GC-MS 471:475 GC-MS 471:475 GC-MS 471:475 Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in two essential oils from the leaves. 28362977 3 54 theme chromatography-mass 437:455 arg1 spectrometry 457:468 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 433:468 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 433:476 Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in two essential oils from the leaves. 28362977 0 55 theme Mangifera 49:57 arg1 indica 59:64 Mangifera indica 49:64 Mangifera indica 49:64 Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Mangifera indica. 28362977 7 56 from dose 973:976 arg1 % 1040:1040 37 ± 7% 1034:1040 37 ± 7% for EOMIL2 1034:1051 At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the inhibition was 54 ± 9% for EOMIL1 and 37 ± 7% for EOMIL2. 28362977 7 56 from dose 973:976 arg1 % 1017:1017 54 ± 9% 1011:1017 54 ± 9% for EOMIL1 1011:1028 At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the inhibition was 54 ± 9% for EOMIL1 and 37 ± 7% for EOMIL2. 28362977 7 56 from dose 973:976 arg1 inhibition 996:1005 the inhibition 992:1005 the inhibition 992:1005 At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the inhibition was 54 ± 9% for EOMIL1 and 37 ± 7% for EOMIL2. 28362977 8 57 theme ± 1193:1193 arg1 % 1196:1196 50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7% 1179:1196 % 1196:1196 EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 significantly reduced MPO activity at doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively). 28362977 9 58 theme leukocyte 1297:1305 arg1 test 1317:1320 the leukocyte migration test 1293:1320 the leukocyte migration test 1293:1320 In the pleurisy model, inhibitions were also observed for EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 in the leukocyte migration test. 28362977 5 59 from formation 766:774 arg1 activity 800:807 MPO activity 796:807 MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws 796:842 At oral doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, the essential oils significantly reduced edema formation and the increase in MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws. 28362977 6 60 dep inhibition 947:956 arg1 % 945:945 % 945:945 % 945:945 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 3 61 from the 505:507 arg1 oils 495:498 two essential oils 481:498 two essential oils from the leaves 481:514 Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in two essential oils from the leaves. 28362977 8 62 theme mg/kg 1172:1176 arg1 doses 1110:1114 doses 1110:1114 doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively) 1110:1211 EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 significantly reduced MPO activity at doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively). 28362977 6 63 theme mg/kg 863:867 arg1 EOMIL1 869:874 300 mg/kg EOMIL1 859:874 300 mg/kg EOMIL1 859:874 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 9 64 theme migration 1307:1315 arg1 test 1317:1320 the leukocyte migration test 1293:1320 the leukocyte migration test 1293:1320 In the pleurisy model, inhibitions were also observed for EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 in the leukocyte migration test. 28362977 7 65 theme mg/kg 985:989 arg1 dose 973:976 a dose 971:976 a dose of 100 mg/kg 971:989 At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the inhibition was 54 ± 9% for EOMIL1 and 37 ± 7% for EOMIL2. 28362977 4 66 theme leukocyte 624:632 arg1 migration 634:642 leukocyte migration 624:642 leukocyte migration 624:642 Paw edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw model, while leukocyte migration was analyzed using the pleurisy model. 28362977 6 67 dep % 945:945 arg1 ± 942:942 ± 942:942 ± 942:942 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 8 68 theme ± 1133:1133 arg1 % 1147:1147 47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8% 1130:1147 47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8% 1130:1147 EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 significantly reduced MPO activity at doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively). 28362977 2 69 theme composition 219:229 arg1 analysis 231:238 composition analysis 219:238 composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), 219:331 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 3 70 theme gas 433:435 arg1 GC-MS 471:475 GC-MS 471:475 GC-MS 471:475 Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in two essential oils from the leaves. 28362977 3 70 theme gas 433:435 arg1 spectrometry 457:468 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 433:468 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 433:476 Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in two essential oils from the leaves. 28362977 8 71 theme mg/kg 1123:1127 arg1 doses 1110:1114 doses 1110:1114 doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively) 1110:1211 EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 significantly reduced MPO activity at doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively). 28362977 7 72 theme ± 1037:1037 arg1 % 1040:1040 37 ± 7% 1034:1040 37 ± 7% for EOMIL2 1034:1051 At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the inhibition was 54 ± 9% for EOMIL1 and 37 ± 7% for EOMIL2. 28362977 6 73 theme edema 961:965 arg1 inhibition 947:956 51 ± 7% inhibition 939:956 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema 939:965 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 8 74 dep mg/kg 1172:1176 arg1 ± 1182:1182 50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7% 1179:1196 ± 1182:1182 EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 significantly reduced MPO activity at doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively). 28362977 8 74 dep mg/kg 1172:1176 arg1 % 1196:1196 50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7% 1179:1196 % 1196:1196 EOMIL1 and EOMIL2 significantly reduced MPO activity at doses of 100 mg/kg (47 ± 5 and 23 ± 8%, respectively) and 300 mg/kg (50 ± 9 and 31 ± 7%, respectively). 28362977 2 75 theme de 316:317 arg1 EOMIL2 324:329 EOMIL2 324:329 EOMIL2 324:329 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 75 theme de 316:317 arg1 boi 319:321 coração de boi 308:321 coração de boi (EOMIL2) 308:330 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 75 theme de 316:317 arg1 varieties 277:285 the M. indica varieties 263:285 the M. indica varieties 263:285 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 4 76 theme paw 607:609 arg1 model 611:615 the carrageenan-induced paw model 583:615 the carrageenan-induced paw model 583:615 Paw edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw model, while leukocyte migration was analyzed using the pleurisy model. 28362977 6 77 dep % 883:883 arg1 ± 880:880 ± 880:880 ± 880:880 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 28362977 5 78 theme edema 760:764 arg1 formation 766:774 edema formation 760:774 edema formation 760:774 At oral doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, the essential oils significantly reduced edema formation and the increase in MPO activity induced by carrageenan in rat paws. 28362977 2 79 theme coração 308:314 arg1 EOMIL2 324:329 EOMIL2 324:329 EOMIL2 324:329 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 79 theme coração 308:314 arg1 boi 319:321 coração de boi 308:321 coração de boi (EOMIL2) 308:330 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 2 79 theme coração 308:314 arg1 varieties 277:285 the M. indica varieties 263:285 the M. indica varieties 263:285 The aim of this study is to perform composition analysis of essential oils from the M. indica varieties, espada (EOMIL1) and coração de boi (EOMIL2), and confirm their anti-inflammatory properties. 28362977 7 80 theme ± 1014:1014 arg1 % 1017:1017 54 ± 9% 1011:1017 54 ± 9% for EOMIL1 1011:1028 At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the inhibition was 54 ± 9% for EOMIL1 and 37 ± 7% for EOMIL2. 28362977 7 80 theme ± 1014:1014 arg1 inhibition 996:1005 the inhibition 992:1005 the inhibition 992:1005 At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the inhibition was 54 ± 9% for EOMIL1 and 37 ± 7% for EOMIL2. 28362977 6 81 theme edema 899:903 arg1 inhibition 885:894 62 ± 8% inhibition 877:894 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema 877:903 For a dose of 300 mg/kg EOMIL1, 62 ± 8% inhibition of edema was observed, while EOMIL2 led to 51 ± 7% inhibition of edema. 24996272 2 0 theme silages 507:513 arg1 mixture 479:485 a mixture 477:485 a mixture of corn and haycrop silages 477:513 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 4 1 theme replicated 890:899 arg1 squares 911:917 replicated 4×4 Latin squares 890:917 replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods 890:935 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. 24996272 8 2 theme straw 1417:1421 arg1 addition 1391:1398 addition 1391:1398 addition of chopped wheat straw to the diets 1391:1434 However, addition of chopped wheat straw to the diets resulted in greater time spent chewing and eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed. 24996272 1 3 theme chewing 337:343 arg1 activity 345:352 chewing activity 337:352 chewing activity 337:352 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 0 4 from diets 50:54 arg1 performance 59:69 performance 59:69 performance 59:69 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 0 4 from diets 50:54 arg1 characteristics 80:94 ruminal characteristics 72:94 ruminal characteristics 72:94 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 0 4 from diets 50:54 arg1 digestibility 110:122 nutrient digestibility 101:122 nutrient digestibility 101:122 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 2 5 dep Dietary 449:455 arg1 forage 457:462 forage 457:462 forage 457:462 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 4 6 theme Latin 905:909 arg1 squares 911:917 replicated 4×4 Latin squares 890:917 replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods 890:935 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. 24996272 6 7 theme reducing 1101:1108 arg1 dietary 1110:1116 reducing dietary 1101:1116 reducing dietary 1101:1116 However, reducing dietary forage did not influence milk yield or composition, although we observed changes in dry matter intake. 24996272 1 8 theme matter 232:237 arg1 % 223:223 21% 221:223 21% of dry matter 221:237 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 1 8 theme matter 232:237 arg1 matter 232:237 dry matter 228:237 dry matter 228:237 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 2 9 theme dietary 523:529 arg1 content 538:544 dietary forage content 523:544 dietary forage content 523:544 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 10 10 theme total-tract 1820:1830 arg1 digestibility 1832:1844 total-tract digestibility 1820:1844 total-tract digestibility of fiber 1820:1853 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was reduced, ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch were greater, and total-tract digestibility of fiber diminished as dietary forage content decreased. 24996272 11 11 theme similar 2060:2066 arg1 yield 2073:2077 similar milk yield 2060:2077 similar milk yield 2060:2077 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 9 12 theme starch 1649:1654 arg1 pH 1584:1585 ruminal pH 1576:1585 ruminal pH 1576:1585 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 12 theme starch 1649:1654 arg1 consistency 1677:1687 ruminal digesta mat consistency 1657:1687 ruminal digesta mat consistency 1657:1687 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 12 theme starch 1649:1654 arg1 mass 1615:1618 mass 1615:1618 mass 1615:1618 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 12 theme starch 1649:1654 arg1 volume 1604:1609 ruminal digesta volume 1588:1609 ruminal digesta volume 1588:1609 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 12 theme starch 1649:1654 arg1 size 1634:1637 ruminal pool size 1621:1637 ruminal pool size of NDF or starch 1621:1654 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 12 theme starch 1649:1654 arg1 yield 1705:1709 microbial N yield 1693:1709 microbial N yield 1693:1709 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 11 13 theme dietary 1916:1922 arg1 content 1931:1937 the dietary forage content 1912:1937 the dietary forage content 1912:1937 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 7 14 theme chewing 1232:1238 arg1 spent 1226:1230 Time spent chewing 1221:1238 Time spent chewing 1221:1238 Time spent chewing, eating, and ruminating (expressed as minutes per day or as minutes per kilogram of NDF intake) were not affected by reducing dietary forage. 24996272 0 15 theme Holstein 137:144 arg1 cows 146:149 lactating Holstein cows 127:149 lactating Holstein cows 127:149 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 7 16 theme Time 1221:1224 arg1 spent 1226:1230 Time spent chewing 1221:1238 Time spent chewing 1221:1238 Time spent chewing, eating, and ruminating (expressed as minutes per day or as minutes per kilogram of NDF intake) were not affected by reducing dietary forage. 24996272 2 17 theme chewing 636:642 arg1 activity 644:651 chewing activity 636:651 chewing activity 636:651 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 0 18 theme nutrient 101:108 arg1 digestibility 110:122 nutrient digestibility 101:122 nutrient digestibility 101:122 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 5 19 dep 39 1087:1088 arg1 to 1084:1085 to 1084:1085 to 1084:1085 Dry matter intake increased while physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake was reduced as forage content decreased from 52 to 39%. 24996272 10 20 theme dietary 1869:1875 arg1 content 1884:1890 dietary forage content 1869:1890 dietary forage content 1869:1890 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was reduced, ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch were greater, and total-tract digestibility of fiber diminished as dietary forage content decreased. 24996272 11 21 theme milk 2068:2071 arg1 yield 2073:2077 similar milk yield 2060:2077 similar milk yield 2060:2077 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 1 22 theme lower 202:206 arg1 diet 215:218 a lower starch diet 200:218 a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) 200:238 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 1 23 dep diet 215:218 arg1 % 223:223 21% 221:223 21% of dry matter 221:237 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 1 23 dep diet 215:218 arg1 matter 232:237 dry matter 228:237 dry matter 228:237 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 9 24 theme microbial 1693:1701 arg1 yield 1705:1709 microbial N yield 1693:1709 microbial N yield 1693:1709 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 10 25 theme Ruminal 1712:1718 arg1 ratio 1742:1746 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio 1712:1746 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio 1712:1746 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was reduced, ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch were greater, and total-tract digestibility of fiber diminished as dietary forage content decreased. 24996272 6 26 theme milk 1143:1146 arg1 yield 1148:1152 milk yield 1143:1152 milk yield 1143:1152 However, reducing dietary forage did not influence milk yield or composition, although we observed changes in dry matter intake. 24996272 3 27 dep adjusted 678:685 arg1 sources 715:721 nonforage fiber sources 699:721 nonforage fiber sources 699:721 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 3 27 dep adjusted 678:685 arg1 sources 736:742 protein sources 728:742 protein sources 728:742 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 3 27 dep adjusted 678:685 arg1 meal 693:696 corn meal 688:696 corn meal 688:696 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 3 28 theme fiber 709:713 arg1 sources 715:721 nonforage fiber sources 699:721 nonforage fiber sources 699:721 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 10 29 theme ruminal 1761:1767 arg1 rates 1778:1782 ruminal turnover rates 1761:1782 ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch 1761:1800 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was reduced, ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch were greater, and total-tract digestibility of fiber diminished as dietary forage content decreased. 24996272 9 30 dep 39 1557:1558 arg1 to 1554:1555 to 1554:1555 to 1554:1555 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 7 31 dep ruminating 1253:1262 arg1 expressed 1265:1273 expressed 1265:1273 expressed as minutes per day or as minutes per kilogram of NDF intake 1265:1333 Time spent chewing, eating, and ruminating (expressed as minutes per day or as minutes per kilogram of NDF intake) were not affected by reducing dietary forage. 24996272 2 32 dep straw 573:577 arg1 % 584:584 0-10% 580:584 0-10% of dry matter 580:598 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 2 32 dep straw 573:577 arg1 matter 593:598 dry matter 589:598 dry matter 589:598 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 9 33 theme NDF 1642:1644 arg1 pH 1584:1585 ruminal pH 1576:1585 ruminal pH 1576:1585 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 33 theme NDF 1642:1644 arg1 consistency 1677:1687 ruminal digesta mat consistency 1657:1687 ruminal digesta mat consistency 1657:1687 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 33 theme NDF 1642:1644 arg1 mass 1615:1618 mass 1615:1618 mass 1615:1618 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 33 theme NDF 1642:1644 arg1 volume 1604:1609 ruminal digesta volume 1588:1609 ruminal digesta volume 1588:1609 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 33 theme NDF 1642:1644 arg1 size 1634:1637 ruminal pool size 1621:1637 ruminal pool size of NDF or starch 1621:1654 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 33 theme NDF 1642:1644 arg1 yield 1705:1709 microbial N yield 1693:1709 microbial N yield 1693:1709 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 4 34 used used 882:885 arg2 cows 872:875 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows 845:875 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows 845:875 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. 24996272 3 35 theme protein 728:734 arg1 sources 736:742 protein sources 728:742 protein sources 728:742 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 2 36 theme dry 589:591 arg1 matter 593:598 dry matter 589:598 dry matter 589:598 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 3 37 theme corn 688:691 arg1 meal 693:696 corn meal 688:696 corn meal 688:696 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 6 38 theme dry 1202:1204 arg1 intake 1213:1218 dry matter intake 1202:1218 dry matter intake 1202:1218 However, reducing dietary forage did not influence milk yield or composition, although we observed changes in dry matter intake. 24996272 5 39 theme effective 983:991 arg1 intake 1029:1034 physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake 972:1034 physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake 972:1034 Dry matter intake increased while physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake was reduced as forage content decreased from 52 to 39%. 24996272 11 40 theme wheat 1986:1990 arg1 inclusion 1998:2006 wheat straw inclusion 1986:2006 wheat straw inclusion 1986:2006 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 11 41 theme feed 2104:2107 arg1 intake 2109:2114 feed intake 2104:2114 feed intake 2104:2114 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 0 42 theme ruminal 72:78 arg1 characteristics 80:94 ruminal characteristics 72:94 ruminal characteristics 72:94 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 5 43 theme Dry 938:940 arg1 intake 949:954 Dry matter intake 938:954 Dry matter intake 938:954 Dry matter intake increased while physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake was reduced as forage content decreased from 52 to 39%. 24996272 11 44 theme dry 1957:1959 arg1 matter 1961:1966 dry matter 1957:1966 dry matter 1957:1966 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 2 45 theme wheat 567:571 arg1 straw 573:577 chopped wheat straw 559:577 chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) 559:599 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 3 46 theme starch 776:781 arg1 fractions 818:826 other carbohydrate and protein fractions 787:826 fractions 818:826 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 3 46 theme starch 776:781 arg1 starch 776:781 starch 776:781 starch 776:781 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 3 46 theme starch 776:781 arg1 carbohydrate 793:804 other carbohydrate and protein fractions 787:826 carbohydrate 793:804 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 3 46 theme starch 776:781 arg1 amounts 765:771 similar amounts 757:771 similar amounts of starch 757:781 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 9 47 theme ruminal 1576:1582 arg1 pH 1584:1585 ruminal pH 1576:1585 ruminal pH 1576:1585 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 11 48 dep resulted 2048:2055 arg1 Reducing 1903:1910 Reducing 1903:1910 Reducing 1903:1910 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 0 49 theme reducing 10:17 arg1 dietary 19:25 reducing dietary 10:25 reducing dietary 10:25 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 1 50 theme different 245:253 arg1 forage 266:271 forage 266:271 forage 266:271 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 1 50 theme different 245:253 arg1 amounts 255:261 different amounts 245:261 different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) 245:307 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 12 51 theme short-term 2163:2172 arg1 study 2174:2178 this short-term study 2158:2178 this short-term study 2158:2178 With the lower starch diets in this short-term study, the minimal forage content to maintain lactational performance was between 39 and 43%. 24996272 5 52 theme detergent 1001:1009 arg1 intake 1029:1034 physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake 972:1034 physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake 972:1034 Dry matter intake increased while physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake was reduced as forage content decreased from 52 to 39%. 24996272 7 53 theme NDF 1324:1326 arg1 intake 1328:1333 NDF intake 1324:1333 NDF intake 1324:1333 Time spent chewing, eating, and ruminating (expressed as minutes per day or as minutes per kilogram of NDF intake) were not affected by reducing dietary forage. 24996272 4 54 theme Holstein 863:870 arg1 cows 872:875 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows 845:875 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows 845:875 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. 24996272 1 55 dep % 292:292 arg1 matter 301:306 dry matter 297:306 dry matter 297:306 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 1 56 theme N 400:400 arg1 yield 402:406 microbial N yield 390:406 microbial N yield 390:406 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 0 57 theme lower 37:41 arg1 diets 50:54 lower starch diets 37:54 lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows 37:149 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 3 58 theme other 787:791 arg1 carbohydrate 793:804 other carbohydrate and protein fractions 787:826 carbohydrate 793:804 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 4 59 theme 21-d 924:927 arg1 periods 929:935 21-d periods 924:935 21-d periods 924:935 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. 24996272 12 60 theme starch 2142:2147 arg1 diets 2149:2153 the lower starch diets 2132:2153 the lower starch diets in this short-term study 2132:2178 With the lower starch diets in this short-term study, the minimal forage content to maintain lactational performance was between 39 and 43%. 24996272 1 61 theme starch 208:213 arg1 diet 215:218 a lower starch diet 200:218 a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) 200:238 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 10 62 theme starch 1795:1800 arg1 rates 1778:1782 ruminal turnover rates 1761:1782 ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch 1761:1800 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was reduced, ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch were greater, and total-tract digestibility of fiber diminished as dietary forage content decreased. 24996272 12 63 theme lactational 2220:2230 arg1 performance 2232:2242 lactational performance 2220:2242 lactational performance 2220:2242 With the lower starch diets in this short-term study, the minimal forage content to maintain lactational performance was between 39 and 43%. 24996272 1 64 theme total-tract 413:423 arg1 digestibility 434:446 total-tract nutrient digestibility 413:446 total-tract nutrient digestibility 413:446 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 9 65 theme digesta 1596:1602 arg1 volume 1604:1609 ruminal digesta volume 1588:1609 ruminal digesta volume 1588:1609 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 4 66 theme 4×4 901:903 arg1 squares 911:917 replicated 4×4 Latin squares 890:917 replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods 890:935 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. 24996272 5 67 theme fiber 1011:1015 arg1 intake 1029:1034 physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake 972:1034 physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake 972:1034 Dry matter intake increased while physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake was reduced as forage content decreased from 52 to 39%. 24996272 8 68 theme time 1456:1459 arg1 spent 1461:1465 greater time spent 1448:1465 greater time spent chewing and eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed 1448:1519 However, addition of chopped wheat straw to the diets resulted in greater time spent chewing and eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed. 24996272 2 69 theme haycrop 499:505 arg1 silages 507:513 corn and haycrop silages 490:513 silages 507:513 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 8 70 theme wheat 1411:1415 arg1 straw 1417:1421 chopped wheat straw 1403:1421 chopped wheat straw 1403:1421 However, addition of chopped wheat straw to the diets resulted in greater time spent chewing and eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed. 24996272 1 71 theme dry 228:230 arg1 matter 232:237 dry matter 228:237 dry matter 228:237 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 2 72 theme corn 490:493 arg1 silages 507:513 corn and haycrop silages 490:513 silages 507:513 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 12 73 with % 2265:2265 arg1 diets 2149:2153 the lower starch diets 2132:2153 the lower starch diets in this short-term study 2132:2178 With the lower starch diets in this short-term study, the minimal forage content to maintain lactational performance was between 39 and 43%. 24996272 11 74 theme straw 1992:1996 arg1 inclusion 1998:2006 wheat straw inclusion 1986:2006 wheat straw inclusion 1986:2006 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 9 75 theme ruminal 1657:1663 arg1 consistency 1677:1687 ruminal digesta mat consistency 1657:1687 ruminal digesta mat consistency 1657:1687 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 11 76 theme rumen 2032:2036 arg1 function 2038:2045 rumen function 2032:2045 rumen function 2032:2045 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 1 77 theme ruminal 355:361 arg1 fermentation 363:374 ruminal fermentation 355:374 ruminal fermentation 355:374 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 10 78 theme NDF 1787:1789 arg1 rates 1778:1782 ruminal turnover rates 1761:1782 ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch 1761:1800 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was reduced, ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch were greater, and total-tract digestibility of fiber diminished as dietary forage content decreased. 24996272 10 79 theme fiber 1849:1853 arg1 digestibility 1832:1844 total-tract digestibility 1820:1844 total-tract digestibility of fiber 1820:1853 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was reduced, ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch were greater, and total-tract digestibility of fiber diminished as dietary forage content decreased. 24996272 9 80 theme N 1703:1703 arg1 yield 1705:1709 microbial N yield 1693:1709 microbial N yield 1693:1709 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 81 theme digesta 1665:1671 arg1 consistency 1677:1687 ruminal digesta mat consistency 1657:1687 ruminal digesta mat consistency 1657:1687 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 8 82 theme peNDF1.18 1502:1510 arg1 kilogram 1490:1497 kilogram 1490:1497 kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed 1490:1519 However, addition of chopped wheat straw to the diets resulted in greater time spent chewing and eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed. 24996272 0 83 theme lactating 127:135 arg1 cows 146:149 lactating Holstein cows 127:149 lactating Holstein cows 127:149 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 1 84 theme dry 297:299 arg1 matter 301:306 dry matter 297:306 dry matter 297:306 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 10 85 theme acetate-to-propionate 1720:1740 arg1 ratio 1742:1746 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio 1712:1746 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio 1712:1746 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was reduced, ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch were greater, and total-tract digestibility of fiber diminished as dietary forage content decreased. 24996272 12 86 from diets 2149:2153 arg1 study 2174:2178 this short-term study 2158:2178 this short-term study 2158:2178 With the lower starch diets in this short-term study, the minimal forage content to maintain lactational performance was between 39 and 43%. 24996272 5 87 dep content 1058:1064 arg1 forage 1051:1056 forage 1051:1056 forage 1051:1056 Dry matter intake increased while physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake was reduced as forage content decreased from 52 to 39%. 24996272 8 88 dep spent 1461:1465 arg1 eating 1479:1484 eating 1479:1484 eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed 1479:1519 However, addition of chopped wheat straw to the diets resulted in greater time spent chewing and eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed. 24996272 8 88 dep spent 1461:1465 arg1 chewing 1467:1473 chewing 1467:1473 chewing 1467:1473 However, addition of chopped wheat straw to the diets resulted in greater time spent chewing and eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed. 24996272 1 89 theme lactational 312:322 arg1 performance 324:334 lactational performance 312:334 lactational performance 312:334 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 9 90 theme Reducing 1522:1529 arg1 dietary 1531:1537 Reducing dietary 1522:1537 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% 1522:1559 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 0 91 from characteristics 80:94 arg1 cows 146:149 lactating Holstein cows 127:149 lactating Holstein cows 127:149 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 9 92 theme mat 1673:1675 arg1 consistency 1677:1687 ruminal digesta mat consistency 1657:1687 ruminal digesta mat consistency 1657:1687 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 1 93 from effect 182:187 arg1 yield 402:406 microbial N yield 390:406 microbial N yield 390:406 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 1 93 from effect 182:187 arg1 performance 324:334 lactational performance 312:334 lactational performance 312:334 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 1 93 from effect 182:187 arg1 activity 345:352 chewing activity 337:352 chewing activity 337:352 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 1 93 from effect 182:187 arg1 fermentation 363:374 ruminal fermentation 355:374 ruminal fermentation 355:374 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 1 93 from effect 182:187 arg1 digestibility 434:446 total-tract nutrient digestibility 413:446 total-tract nutrient digestibility 413:446 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 3 94 theme nonforage 699:707 arg1 sources 715:721 nonforage fiber sources 699:721 nonforage fiber sources 699:721 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 2 95 theme matter 593:598 arg1 % 584:584 0-10% 580:584 0-10% of dry matter 580:598 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 2 95 theme matter 593:598 arg1 matter 593:598 dry matter 589:598 dry matter 589:598 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 3 96 theme Dietary 654:660 arg1 concentrate 662:672 Dietary concentrate 654:672 Dietary concentrate 654:672 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 6 97 theme matter 1206:1211 arg1 intake 1213:1218 dry matter intake 1202:1218 dry matter intake 1202:1218 However, reducing dietary forage did not influence milk yield or composition, although we observed changes in dry matter intake. 24996272 12 98 dep content 2200:2206 arg1 forage 2193:2198 forage 2193:2198 forage 2193:2198 With the lower starch diets in this short-term study, the minimal forage content to maintain lactational performance was between 39 and 43%. 24996272 12 98 dep content 2200:2206 arg1 maintain 2211:2218 maintain 2211:2218 to maintain lactational performance 2208:2242 With the lower starch diets in this short-term study, the minimal forage content to maintain lactational performance was between 39 and 43%. 24996272 5 99 theme neutral 993:999 arg1 intake 1029:1034 physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake 972:1034 physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake 972:1034 Dry matter intake increased while physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake was reduced as forage content decreased from 52 to 39%. 24996272 10 100 theme turnover 1769:1776 arg1 rates 1778:1782 ruminal turnover rates 1761:1782 ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch 1761:1800 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was reduced, ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch were greater, and total-tract digestibility of fiber diminished as dietary forage content decreased. 24996272 5 101 theme matter 942:947 arg1 intake 949:954 Dry matter intake 938:954 Dry matter intake 938:954 Dry matter intake increased while physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake was reduced as forage content decreased from 52 to 39%. 24996272 4 102 with squares 911:917 arg1 periods 929:935 21-d periods 924:935 21-d periods 924:935 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. 24996272 3 103 theme similar 757:763 arg1 starch 776:781 starch 776:781 starch 776:781 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 3 103 theme similar 757:763 arg1 amounts 765:771 similar amounts 757:771 similar amounts of starch 757:781 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 11 104 theme matter 1961:1966 arg1 % 1952:1952 52 to 39% 1944:1952 52 to 39% of dry matter 1944:1966 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 11 104 theme matter 1961:1966 arg1 matter 1961:1966 dry matter 1957:1966 dry matter 1957:1966 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 11 105 dep content 1931:1937 arg1 forage 1924:1929 forage 1924:1929 forage 1924:1929 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 6 106 from changes 1191:1197 arg1 intake 1213:1218 dry matter intake 1202:1218 dry matter intake 1202:1218 However, reducing dietary forage did not influence milk yield or composition, although we observed changes in dry matter intake. 24996272 9 107 dep dietary 1531:1537 arg1 forage 1539:1544 forage 1539:1544 forage from 52 to 39% 1539:1559 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 2 108 theme chopped 559:565 arg1 straw 573:577 chopped wheat straw 559:577 chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) 559:599 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24996272 0 109 from performance 59:69 arg1 cows 146:149 lactating Holstein cows 127:149 lactating Holstein cows 127:149 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 0 110 theme dietary 19:25 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of reducing dietary 0:25 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 11 111 dep 39 1950:1951 arg1 to 1947:1948 to 1947:1948 to 1947:1948 Reducing the dietary forage content from 52 to 39% of dry matter, while increasing wheat straw inclusion to maintain chewing and rumen function, resulted in similar milk yield and composition although feed intake increased. 24996272 12 112 theme minimal 2185:2191 arg1 content 2200:2206 the minimal forage content 2181:2206 the minimal forage content to maintain lactational performance 2181:2242 With the lower starch diets in this short-term study, the minimal forage content to maintain lactational performance was between 39 and 43%. 24996272 9 113 theme ruminal 1588:1594 arg1 volume 1604:1609 ruminal digesta volume 1588:1609 ruminal digesta volume 1588:1609 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 0 114 from digestibility 110:122 arg1 cows 146:149 lactating Holstein cows 127:149 lactating Holstein cows 127:149 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 1 115 theme microbial 390:398 arg1 yield 402:406 microbial N yield 390:406 microbial N yield 390:406 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 0 116 theme starch 43:48 arg1 diets 50:54 lower starch diets 37:54 lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows 37:149 Effect of reducing dietary forage in lower starch diets on performance, ruminal characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in lactating Holstein cows. 24996272 1 117 theme forage 266:271 arg1 forage 266:271 forage 266:271 forage 266:271 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 1 117 theme forage 266:271 arg1 amounts 255:261 different amounts 245:261 different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) 245:307 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 7 118 theme intake 1328:1333 arg1 kilogram 1312:1319 kilogram 1312:1319 kilogram of NDF intake 1312:1333 Time spent chewing, eating, and ruminating (expressed as minutes per day or as minutes per kilogram of NDF intake) were not affected by reducing dietary forage. 24996272 3 119 theme protein 810:816 arg1 fractions 818:826 other carbohydrate and protein fractions 787:826 fractions 818:826 Dietary concentrate was adjusted (corn meal, nonforage fiber sources, and protein sources) to maintain similar amounts of starch and other carbohydrate and protein fractions among the diets. 24996272 4 120 theme lactating 853:861 arg1 cows 872:875 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows 845:875 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows 845:875 Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. 24996272 5 121 theme peNDF1.18 1018:1026 arg1 intake 1029:1034 physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake 972:1034 physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake 972:1034 Dry matter intake increased while physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF1.18) intake was reduced as forage content decreased from 52 to 39%. 24996272 10 122 dep content 1884:1890 arg1 forage 1877:1882 forage 1877:1882 forage 1877:1882 Ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was reduced, ruminal turnover rates of NDF and starch were greater, and total-tract digestibility of fiber diminished as dietary forage content decreased. 24996272 8 123 theme greater 1448:1454 arg1 spent 1461:1465 greater time spent 1448:1465 greater time spent chewing and eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed 1448:1519 However, addition of chopped wheat straw to the diets resulted in greater time spent chewing and eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed. 24996272 9 124 theme pool 1629:1632 arg1 size 1634:1637 ruminal pool size 1621:1637 ruminal pool size of NDF or starch 1621:1654 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 9 125 theme ruminal 1621:1627 arg1 size 1634:1637 ruminal pool size 1621:1637 ruminal pool size of NDF or starch 1621:1654 Reducing dietary forage from 52 to 39% did not affect ruminal pH, ruminal digesta volume and mass, ruminal pool size of NDF or starch, ruminal digesta mat consistency, or microbial N yield. 24996272 8 126 theme chopped 1403:1409 arg1 straw 1417:1421 chopped wheat straw 1403:1421 chopped wheat straw 1403:1421 However, addition of chopped wheat straw to the diets resulted in greater time spent chewing and eating per kilogram of peNDF1.18 consumed. 24996272 1 127 theme nutrient 425:432 arg1 digestibility 434:446 total-tract nutrient digestibility 413:446 total-tract nutrient digestibility 413:446 This experiment evaluated the effect of feeding a lower starch diet (21% of dry matter) with different amounts of forage (52, 47, 43, and 39% of dry matter) on lactational performance, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation and turnover, microbial N yield, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. 24996272 2 128 dep content 538:544 arg1 forage 531:536 forage 531:536 forage 531:536 Dietary forage consisted of a mixture of corn and haycrop silages, and as dietary forage content was reduced, chopped wheat straw (0-10% of dry matter) was added in an effort to maintain chewing activity. 24816794 4 0 contain carrying 1096:1103 arg1 PsV 1091:1093 PsV 1091:1093 PsV 1091:1093 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 4 0 contain carrying 1096:1103 arg2 surrogates 1130:1139 surrogates 1130:1139 surrogates for native virus 1130:1156 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 4 0 contain carrying 1096:1103 arg2 reporter 1118:1125 a luciferase reporter 1105:1125 a luciferase reporter 1105:1125 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 4 0 contain carrying 1096:1103 arg1 pseudovirions 1076:1088 pseudovirions 1076:1088 pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus 1076:1156 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 4 1 theme 34 1012:1013 arg1 types 1019:1023 34 HPV types 1012:1023 34 HPV types 1012:1023 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 8 2 theme HPV 1852:1854 arg1 PsV 1856:1858 the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV 1825:1858 the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV 1825:1858 Carrageenan, which is being tested as a vaginal microbicide, broadly inhibited infection by the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV, but not most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV. 24816794 1 3 theme infection 402:410 arg1 mechanism 389:397 a common mechanism 380:397 a common mechanism of infection 380:410 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 6 4 theme L2 1438:1439 arg1 antiserum 1450:1458 L2 α11-88x8 antiserum 1438:1458 L2 α11-88x8 antiserum 1438:1458 Furin and γ-secretase inhibitors and L2 α11-88x8 antiserum blocked infection by all HPV PsV types tested. 24816794 1 5 theme genus 245:249 arg1 types 227:231 cutaneous HPV types 213:231 cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients 213:330 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 9 6 theme conserved 2128:2136 arg1 epitopes 2154:2161 conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes 2128:2161 conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes 2128:2161 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 5 7 theme low 1371:1373 arg1 concentrations 1385:1398 low inhibitor concentrations 1371:1398 low inhibitor concentrations 1371:1398 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 24816794 2 8 attach derived 538:544 arg2 concatamers 511:521 concatamers 511:521 concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) 511:590 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 8 attach derived 538:544 arg1 HPV 574:576 as many as eight alpha HPV 551:576 as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) 551:590 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 8 attach derived 538:544 arg1 α11-88x8 582:589 L2 α11-88x8 579:589 L2 α11-88x8 579:589 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 9 theme L2 579:580 arg1 HPV 574:576 as many as eight alpha HPV 551:576 as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) 551:590 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 9 theme L2 579:580 arg1 α11-88x8 582:589 L2 α11-88x8 579:589 L2 α11-88x8 579:589 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 9 10 theme neutralizing 2141:2152 arg1 epitopes 2154:2161 conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes 2128:2161 conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes 2128:2161 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 8 11 theme skin 1874:1877 arg1 alpha 1886:1890 most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV 1869:1903 alpha 1886:1890 Carrageenan, which is being tested as a vaginal microbicide, broadly inhibited infection by the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV, but not most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV. 24816794 1 12 theme type-restricted 170:184 arg1 immunity 186:193 type-restricted immunity 170:193 type-restricted immunity 170:193 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 2 13 theme region 531:536 arg1 concatamers 511:521 concatamers 511:521 concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) 511:590 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 0 14 theme types 107:111 arg1 infectivity 48:58 the infectivity 44:58 the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 44:111 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 24816794 3 15 dep such 763:766 arg1 as 768:769 as 768:769 as 768:769 There is also interest in developing broadly protective topical microbicides, such as carrageenan or heparin that block HPV receptor interactions, or small molecule inhibitors of infection. 24816794 6 16 theme PsV 1489:1491 arg1 types 1493:1497 all HPV PsV types 1481:1497 all HPV PsV types tested 1481:1504 Furin and γ-secretase inhibitors and L2 α11-88x8 antiserum blocked infection by all HPV PsV types tested. 24816794 7 17 theme surface 1611:1617 arg1 interactions 1628:1639 distinct cell surface receptor interactions 1597:1639 distinct cell surface receptor interactions 1597:1639 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 8 18 theme beta 1896:1899 arg1 HPV 1901:1903 most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV 1869:1903 HPV 1901:1903 Carrageenan, which is being tested as a vaginal microbicide, broadly inhibited infection by the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV, but not most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV. 24816794 7 19 theme distinct 1597:1604 arg1 interactions 1628:1639 distinct cell surface receptor interactions 1597:1639 distinct cell surface receptor interactions 1597:1639 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 2 20 theme broader 667:673 arg1 efficacy 675:682 potentially broader efficacy 655:682 potentially broader efficacy 655:682 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 3 21 theme protective 730:739 arg1 microbicides 749:760 broadly protective topical microbicides 722:760 broadly protective topical microbicides 722:760 There is also interest in developing broadly protective topical microbicides, such as carrageenan or heparin that block HPV receptor interactions, or small molecule inhibitors of infection. 24816794 8 22 theme high-risk 1829:1837 arg1 PsV 1856:1858 the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV 1825:1858 the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV 1825:1858 Carrageenan, which is being tested as a vaginal microbicide, broadly inhibited infection by the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV, but not most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV. 24816794 5 23 theme HPV 1241:1243 arg1 types 1245:1249 mucosatropic HPV types 1228:1249 mucosatropic HPV types 1228:1249 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 24816794 1 24 theme licensed 118:125 arg1 vaccines 154:161 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines 114:161 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines 114:161 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 3 25 theme receptor 809:816 arg1 interactions 818:829 HPV receptor interactions 805:829 HPV receptor interactions 805:829 There is also interest in developing broadly protective topical microbicides, such as carrageenan or heparin that block HPV receptor interactions, or small molecule inhibitors of infection. 24816794 7 26 theme cutaneous 1571:1579 arg1 HPV 1581:1583 mucosal and cutaneous HPV 1559:1583 mucosal and cutaneous HPV 1559:1583 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 9 27 theme alpha 1963:1967 arg1 sequences 1984:1992 alpha papillomavirus sequences 1963:1992 alpha papillomavirus sequences 1963:1992 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 1 28 theme immune-compromised 304:321 arg1 patients 323:330 immune-compromised patients 304:330 immune-compromised patients 304:330 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 6 29 theme Furin 1401:1405 arg1 inhibitors 1423:1432 Furin and γ-secretase inhibitors 1401:1432 Furin and γ-secretase inhibitors 1401:1432 Furin and γ-secretase inhibitors and L2 α11-88x8 antiserum blocked infection by all HPV PsV types tested. 24816794 1 30 theme papillomavirus 133:146 arg1 vaccines 154:161 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines 114:161 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines 114:161 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 7 31 theme γ-secretase 1697:1707 arg1 activities 1721:1730 γ-secretase proteolytic activities 1697:1730 γ-secretase proteolytic activities 1697:1730 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 7 32 theme mucosal 1559:1565 arg1 HPV 1581:1583 mucosal and cutaneous HPV 1559:1583 mucosal and cutaneous HPV 1559:1583 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 4 33 theme luciferase 1107:1116 arg1 surrogates 1130:1139 surrogates 1130:1139 surrogates for native virus 1130:1156 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 4 33 theme luciferase 1107:1116 arg1 reporter 1118:1125 a luciferase reporter 1105:1125 a luciferase reporter 1105:1125 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 0 34 theme diverse 63:69 arg1 types 107:111 diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 63:111 diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 63:111 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 24816794 3 35 theme small 835:839 arg1 inhibitors 850:859 small molecule inhibitors 835:859 small molecule inhibitors of infection 835:872 There is also interest in developing broadly protective topical microbicides, such as carrageenan or heparin that block HPV receptor interactions, or small molecule inhibitors of infection. 24816794 4 36 theme HPV 919:921 arg1 infection 923:931 HPV infection 919:931 HPV infection 919:931 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 7 37 theme dependent 1672:1680 arg1 mechanism 1662:1670 a common uptake mechanism 1646:1670 a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities 1646:1730 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 5 38 theme epidermotropic 1284:1297 arg1 alpha4 1299:1304 several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types 1276:1323 alpha4 1299:1304 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 24816794 0 39 theme human 86:90 arg1 types 107:111 diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 63:111 diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 63:111 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 24816794 4 40 dep alpha 1046:1050 arg1 the 1042:1044 the 1042:1044 the 1042:1044 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 7 41 theme uptake 1655:1660 arg1 mechanism 1662:1670 a common uptake mechanism 1646:1670 a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities 1646:1730 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 2 42 theme prophylactic 629:640 arg1 vaccination 494:504 vaccination 494:504 vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) 494:590 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 42 theme prophylactic 629:640 arg1 vaccine 642:648 an alternative prophylactic vaccine 614:648 an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy 614:682 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 6 43 theme γ-secretase 1411:1421 arg1 inhibitors 1423:1432 Furin and γ-secretase inhibitors 1401:1432 Furin and γ-secretase inhibitors 1401:1432 Furin and γ-secretase inhibitors and L2 α11-88x8 antiserum blocked infection by all HPV PsV types tested. 24816794 8 44 theme mucosatropic 1839:1850 arg1 PsV 1856:1858 the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV 1825:1858 the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV 1825:1858 Carrageenan, which is being tested as a vaginal microbicide, broadly inhibited infection by the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV, but not most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV. 24816794 0 45 theme inhibitors 10:19 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 0:112 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 24816794 2 46 theme protein 444:450 arg1 L2 452:453 minor capsid protein L2 431:453 minor capsid protein L2 431:453 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 9 47 theme HPVs 2052:2055 arg1 PsV 2038:2040 PsV 2038:2040 PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families 2038:2100 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 0 48 theme L2 25:26 arg1 antibodies 28:37 L2 antibodies 25:37 L2 antibodies 25:37 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 24816794 1 49 theme non-melanoma 276:287 arg1 cancer 294:299 non-melanoma skin cancer 276:299 non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients 276:330 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 2 50 theme minor 431:435 arg1 L2 452:453 minor capsid protein L2 431:453 minor capsid protein L2 431:453 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 9 51 with Vaccination 1906:1916 arg1 multimer 1929:1936 an L2 multimer 1923:1936 an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences 1923:1992 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 2 52 contain contain 455:461 arg1 Residues 413:420 Residues 11-88 413:426 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 413:453 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 52 contain contain 455:461 arg1 L2 452:453 minor capsid protein L2 431:453 minor capsid protein L2 431:453 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 52 contain contain 455:461 arg2 epitopes 480:487 cross-protective epitopes 463:487 cross-protective epitopes 463:487 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 4 53 theme alpha 1046:1050 arg1 families 1061:1068 both the alpha and beta families 1037:1068 both the alpha and beta families 1037:1068 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 5 54 theme HPV 1315:1317 arg1 types 1319:1323 several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types 1276:1323 types 1319:1323 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 24816794 1 55 theme HPV 223:225 arg1 types 227:231 cutaneous HPV types 213:231 cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients 213:330 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 4 56 theme HPV 1015:1017 arg1 types 1019:1023 34 HPV types 1012:1023 34 HPV types 1012:1023 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 1 57 from cancer 294:299 arg1 patients 323:330 immune-compromised patients 304:330 immune-compromised patients 304:330 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 9 58 theme L2 2138:2139 arg1 epitopes 2154:2161 conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes 2128:2161 conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes 2128:2161 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 6 59 theme α11-88x8 1441:1448 arg1 antiserum 1450:1458 L2 α11-88x8 antiserum 1438:1458 L2 α11-88x8 antiserum 1438:1458 Furin and γ-secretase inhibitors and L2 α11-88x8 antiserum blocked infection by all HPV PsV types tested. 24816794 2 60 theme alpha 568:572 arg1 HPV 574:576 as many as eight alpha HPV 551:576 as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) 551:590 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 60 theme alpha 568:572 arg1 α11-88x8 582:589 L2 α11-88x8 579:589 L2 α11-88x8 579:589 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 1 61 theme beta 240:243 arg1 genus 245:249 the beta genus 236:249 the beta genus 236:249 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 8 62 theme most 1869:1872 arg1 alpha 1886:1890 most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV 1869:1903 alpha 1886:1890 Carrageenan, which is being tested as a vaginal microbicide, broadly inhibited infection by the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV, but not most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV. 24816794 4 63 theme L2 949:950 arg1 α11-88x8 952:959 L2 α11-88x8 949:959 L2 α11-88x8 949:959 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 8 64 theme tropic 1879:1884 arg1 alpha 1886:1890 most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV 1869:1903 alpha 1886:1890 Carrageenan, which is being tested as a vaginal microbicide, broadly inhibited infection by the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV, but not most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV. 24816794 5 65 theme inhibitor 1375:1383 arg1 concentrations 1385:1398 low inhibitor concentrations 1371:1398 low inhibitor concentrations 1371:1398 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 24816794 7 66 theme receptor 1619:1626 arg1 interactions 1628:1639 distinct cell surface receptor interactions 1597:1639 distinct cell surface receptor interactions 1597:1639 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 4 67 theme beta 1056:1059 arg1 families 1061:1068 both the alpha and beta families 1037:1068 both the alpha and beta families 1037:1068 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 7 68 theme cell 1606:1609 arg1 interactions 1628:1639 distinct cell surface receptor interactions 1597:1639 distinct cell surface receptor interactions 1597:1639 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 9 69 attach derived 1938:1944 arg2 multimer 1929:1936 an L2 multimer 1923:1936 an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences 1923:1992 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 9 69 attach derived 1938:1944 arg1 sequences 1984:1992 alpha papillomavirus sequences 1963:1992 alpha papillomavirus sequences 1963:1992 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 1 70 theme diverse 360:366 arg1 types 368:372 these diverse types 354:372 these diverse types 354:372 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 6 71 theme HPV 1485:1487 arg1 types 1493:1497 all HPV PsV types 1481:1497 all HPV PsV types tested 1481:1504 Furin and γ-secretase inhibitors and L2 α11-88x8 antiserum blocked infection by all HPV PsV types tested. 24816794 4 72 theme several 897:903 arg1 inhibitors 905:914 several inhibitors 897:914 several inhibitors of HPV infection 897:931 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 9 73 theme L2 1926:1927 arg1 multimer 1929:1936 an L2 multimer 1923:1936 an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences 1923:1992 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 7 74 theme HPV 1581:1583 arg1 tropism 1548:1554 the distinct tropism 1535:1554 the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV 1535:1583 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 4 75 theme native 1145:1150 arg1 virus 1152:1156 native virus 1145:1156 native virus 1145:1156 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 5 76 theme mucosatropic 1228:1239 arg1 types 1245:1249 mucosatropic HPV types 1228:1249 mucosatropic HPV types 1228:1249 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 24816794 3 77 theme topical 741:747 arg1 microbicides 749:760 broadly protective topical microbicides 722:760 broadly protective topical microbicides 722:760 There is also interest in developing broadly protective topical microbicides, such as carrageenan or heparin that block HPV receptor interactions, or small molecule inhibitors of infection. 24816794 1 78 theme common 382:387 arg1 mechanism 389:397 a common mechanism 380:397 a common mechanism of infection 380:410 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 1 79 theme human 127:131 arg1 papillomavirus 133:146 human papillomavirus 127:146 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines 114:161 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 1 79 theme human 127:131 arg1 HPV 149:151 HPV 149:151 HPV 149:151 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 2 80 theme cross-protective 463:478 arg1 epitopes 480:487 cross-protective epitopes 463:487 cross-protective epitopes 463:487 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 9 81 theme papillomavirus 1969:1982 arg1 sequences 1984:1992 alpha papillomavirus sequences 1963:1992 alpha papillomavirus sequences 1963:1992 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 0 82 theme alpha 71:75 arg1 types 107:111 diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 63:111 diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 63:111 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 24816794 8 83 theme vaginal 1773:1779 arg1 Carrageenan 1733:1743 Carrageenan 1733:1743 Carrageenan 1733:1743 Carrageenan, which is being tested as a vaginal microbicide, broadly inhibited infection by the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV, but not most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV. 24816794 8 83 theme vaginal 1773:1779 arg1 microbicide 1781:1791 a vaginal microbicide 1771:1791 a vaginal microbicide 1771:1791 Carrageenan, which is being tested as a vaginal microbicide, broadly inhibited infection by the high-risk mucosatropic HPV PsV, but not most skin tropic alpha and beta HPV. 24816794 7 84 theme proteolytic 1709:1719 arg1 activities 1721:1730 γ-secretase proteolytic activities 1697:1730 γ-secretase proteolytic activities 1697:1730 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 7 85 theme distinct 1539:1546 arg1 tropism 1548:1554 the distinct tropism 1535:1554 the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV 1535:1583 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 2 86 theme L2 452:453 arg1 Residues 413:420 Residues 11-88 413:426 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 413:453 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 86 theme L2 452:453 arg1 L2 452:453 minor capsid protein L2 431:453 minor capsid protein L2 431:453 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 3 87 theme HPV 805:807 arg1 interactions 818:829 HPV receptor interactions 805:829 HPV receptor interactions 805:829 There is also interest in developing broadly protective topical microbicides, such as carrageenan or heparin that block HPV receptor interactions, or small molecule inhibitors of infection. 24816794 0 88 theme beta 81:84 arg1 types 107:111 diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 63:111 diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 63:111 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 24816794 3 89 theme molecule 841:848 arg1 inhibitors 850:859 small molecule inhibitors 835:859 small molecule inhibitors of infection 835:872 There is also interest in developing broadly protective topical microbicides, such as carrageenan or heparin that block HPV receptor interactions, or small molecule inhibitors of infection. 24816794 5 90 theme several 1276:1282 arg1 alpha4 1299:1304 several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types 1276:1323 alpha4 1299:1304 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 24816794 0 91 theme papillomavirus 92:105 arg1 types 107:111 diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 63:111 diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types 63:111 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 24816794 4 92 theme infection 923:931 arg1 antisera 937:944 antisera 937:944 antisera to L2 α11-88x8 937:959 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 4 92 theme infection 923:931 arg1 inhibitors 905:914 several inhibitors 897:914 several inhibitors of HPV infection 897:931 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 1 93 theme cutaneous 213:221 arg1 types 227:231 cutaneous HPV types 213:231 cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients 213:330 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 5 94 theme alpha4 1299:1304 arg1 PsV 1269:1271 PsV 1269:1271 PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types 1269:1323 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 24816794 2 95 with vaccine 642:648 arg1 efficacy 675:682 potentially broader efficacy 655:682 potentially broader efficacy 655:682 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 4 96 theme activity 982:989 arg1 breadth 971:977 their breadth 965:977 their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families 965:1068 Here we have examined several inhibitors of HPV infection and antisera to L2 α11-88x8 for their breadth of activity against infection by 34 HPV types from within both the alpha and beta families using pseudovirions (PsV) carrying a luciferase reporter as surrogates for native virus. 24816794 2 97 theme alternative 617:627 arg1 vaccination 494:504 vaccination 494:504 vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) 494:590 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 97 theme alternative 617:627 arg1 vaccine 642:648 an alternative prophylactic vaccine 614:648 an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy 614:682 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 2 98 with vaccination 494:504 arg1 concatamers 511:521 concatamers 511:521 concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) 511:590 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 7 99 theme common 1648:1653 arg1 mechanism 1662:1670 a common uptake mechanism 1646:1670 a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities 1646:1730 These findings suggest that the distinct tropism of mucosal and cutaneous HPV may reflect distinct cell surface receptor interactions, but a common uptake mechanism dependent upon furin and γ-secretase proteolytic activities. 24816794 9 100 theme 34 2049:2050 arg1 HPVs 2052:2055 all 34 HPVs 2045:2055 all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families 2045:2100 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 0 101 theme antibodies 28:37 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 0:112 Impact of inhibitors and L2 antibodies upon the infectivity of diverse alpha and beta human papillomavirus types. 24816794 2 102 theme capsid 437:442 arg1 L2 452:453 minor capsid protein L2 431:453 minor capsid protein L2 431:453 Residues 11-88 of minor capsid protein L2 contain cross-protective epitopes, and vaccination with concatamers of this region derived from as many as eight alpha HPV (L2 α11-88x8) is being developed as an alternative prophylactic vaccine with potentially broader efficacy. 24816794 5 103 theme increased 1335:1343 arg1 infectivity 1345:1355 increased infectivity 1335:1355 increased infectivity 1335:1355 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 24816794 1 104 theme skin 289:292 arg1 cancer 294:299 non-melanoma skin cancer 276:299 non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients 276:330 The licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit type-restricted immunity but do not target cutaneous HPV types of the beta genus that are associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in immune-compromised patients, and it is unclear if these diverse types share a common mechanism of infection. 24816794 9 105 theme alpha 2078:2082 arg1 families 2093:2100 both the alpha and beta families 2069:2100 families 2093:2100 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 5 106 theme beta 1310:1313 arg1 types 1319:1323 several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types 1276:1323 types 1319:1323 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 24816794 3 107 theme infection 864:872 arg1 inhibitors 850:859 small molecule inhibitors 835:859 small molecule inhibitors of infection 835:872 There is also interest in developing broadly protective topical microbicides, such as carrageenan or heparin that block HPV receptor interactions, or small molecule inhibitors of infection. 24816794 9 108 theme beta 2088:2091 arg1 families 2093:2100 both the alpha and beta families 2069:2100 families 2093:2100 Vaccination with an L2 multimer derived exclusively from alpha papillomavirus sequences induced antibodies that broadly neutralized PsV of all 34 HPVs from within both the alpha and beta families, suggesting each displays conserved L2 neutralizing epitopes. 24816794 5 109 theme types 1319:1323 arg1 PsV 1269:1271 PsV 1269:1271 PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types 1269:1323 We observed that both heparin and carrageenan prevented infection by mucosatropic HPV types, but surprisingly PsV of several epidermotropic alpha4 and beta HPV types exhibited increased infectivity especially at low inhibitor concentrations. 28890259 5 0 theme silk 709:712 arg1 fibroin 714:720 composite silk fibroin 699:720 composite silk fibroin 699:720 The application of composite silk fibroin and CS scaffolds for joint cartilage repair has not been well studied. 28890259 9 1 with consistent 1426:1435 arg1 activities 1480:1489 the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities 1442:1489 the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS 1442:1495 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 18 2 from present 2509:2515 arg1 ECM 2542:2544 the natural cartilage ECM 2520:2544 the natural cartilage ECM 2520:2544 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 7 3 theme silk 921:924 arg1 silk 935:938 silk 935:938 silk 935:938 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds were fabricated with salt-leaching, freeze-drying and crosslinking methodologies. 28890259 7 3 theme silk 921:924 arg1 fibroin 926:932 The silk fibroin 917:932 The silk fibroin (silk) 917:939 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds were fabricated with salt-leaching, freeze-drying and crosslinking methodologies. 28890259 9 4 theme CS 1494:1495 arg1 activities 1480:1489 the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities 1442:1489 the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS 1442:1495 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 18 5 theme natural 2524:2530 arg1 ECM 2542:2544 the natural cartilage ECM 2520:2544 the natural cartilage ECM 2520:2544 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 4 6 theme in 644:645 arg1 stability 652:660 long-lasting in vivo stability 631:660 long-lasting in vivo stability 631:660 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 9 7 theme chondrocyte 1257:1267 arg1 phenotype 1269:1277 better chondrocyte phenotype 1250:1277 better chondrocyte phenotype 1250:1277 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 2 8 theme excellent 295:303 arg1 biocompatibility 305:320 excellent biocompatibility 295:320 excellent biocompatibility 295:320 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and silk fibroin have been investigated and reported with safety and excellent biocompatibility as tissue engineering scaffolds. 28890259 6 9 theme silk 832:835 arg1 fibroin 837:843 silk fibroin 832:843 silk fibroin 832:843 Here we report that the combination of silk fibroin and CS could synergistically promote articular cartilage defect repair. 28890259 19 10 dep exhibited 2714:2722 arg1 promoted 2782:2789 promoted 2782:2789 promoted the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model 2782:2846 Thus, we designed this silk-CS scaffold and proved that this scaffold exhibited good anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, promoted the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model. 28890259 2 11 theme engineering 332:342 arg1 sulfate 213:219 Chondroitin sulfate 201:219 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 201:224 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and silk fibroin have been investigated and reported with safety and excellent biocompatibility as tissue engineering scaffolds. 28890259 2 11 theme engineering 332:342 arg1 scaffolds 344:352 tissue engineering scaffolds 325:352 tissue engineering scaffolds 325:352 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and silk fibroin have been investigated and reported with safety and excellent biocompatibility as tissue engineering scaffolds. 28890259 11 12 from implantation 1710:1721 arg1 evaluations 1744:1754 ICRS histological evaluations 1726:1754 ICRS histological evaluations 1726:1754 Silk-CS scaffold induced more neo-tissue formation and better structural restoration than silk scaffold after 6 and 12weeks of implantation in ICRS histological evaluations. 28890259 12 13 theme cartilage 1839:1847 arg1 engineering 1856:1866 cartilage tissue engineering 1839:1866 cartilage tissue engineering 1839:1866 In conclusion, we have developed a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage. 28890259 19 14 theme defect 2825:2830 arg1 repair 2795:2800 the repair 2791:2800 the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model 2791:2846 Thus, we designed this silk-CS scaffold and proved that this scaffold exhibited good anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, promoted the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model. 28890259 4 15 dep in 644:645 arg1 vivo 647:650 vivo 647:650 vivo 647:650 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 17 16 theme anti-inflammation 2422:2438 arg1 property 2440:2447 anti-inflammation property 2422:2447 anti-inflammation property 2422:2447 But few scaffolds for cartilage repair reported anti-inflammation property. 28890259 18 17 attach present 2509:2515 arg2 glycosaminoglycan 2491:2507 a glycosaminoglycan 2489:2507 a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM 2489:2544 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 18 17 attach present 2509:2515 arg1 ECM 2542:2544 the natural cartilage ECM 2520:2544 the natural cartilage ECM 2520:2544 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 18 17 attach present 2509:2515 arg2 Meanwhile 2450:2458 Meanwhile 2450:2458 Meanwhile 2450:2458 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 5 18 theme scaffolds 729:737 arg1 application 684:694 The application 680:694 The application of composite silk fibroin and CS scaffolds for joint cartilage repair 680:764 The application of composite silk fibroin and CS scaffolds for joint cartilage repair has not been well studied. 28890259 2 19 theme silk 230:233 arg1 fibroin 235:241 silk fibroin 230:241 silk fibroin 230:241 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and silk fibroin have been investigated and reported with safety and excellent biocompatibility as tissue engineering scaffolds. 28890259 12 20 theme fibroin/ 1797:1804 arg1 scaffold 1826:1833 a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold 1790:1833 a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage 1790:1961 In conclusion, we have developed a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage. 28890259 9 21 theme better 1250:1255 arg1 phenotype 1269:1277 better chondrocyte phenotype 1250:1277 better chondrocyte phenotype 1250:1277 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 19 22 from repair 2795:2800 arg1 model 2842:2846 animal model 2835:2846 animal model 2835:2846 Thus, we designed this silk-CS scaffold and proved that this scaffold exhibited good anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, promoted the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model. 28890259 5 23 theme joint 743:747 arg1 repair 759:764 joint cartilage repair 743:764 joint cartilage repair 743:764 The application of composite silk fibroin and CS scaffolds for joint cartilage repair has not been well studied. 28890259 9 24 theme chondrocyte 1339:1349 arg1 response 1364:1371 chondrocyte inflammatory response 1339:1371 chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS 1339:1495 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 12 25 theme sulfate 1818:1824 arg1 scaffold 1826:1833 a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold 1790:1833 a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage 1790:1961 In conclusion, we have developed a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage. 28890259 0 26 theme articular 78:86 arg1 repair 98:103 articular cartilage repair 78:103 articular cartilage repair 78:103 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage repair. 28890259 19 27 theme anti-inflammatory 2729:2745 arg1 effects 2747:2753 good anti-inflammatory effects 2724:2753 good anti-inflammatory effects 2724:2753 Thus, we designed this silk-CS scaffold and proved that this scaffold exhibited good anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, promoted the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model. 28890259 1 28 theme emerging 162:169 arg1 engineering 188:198 the emerging cartilage tissue engineering 158:198 the emerging cartilage tissue engineering 158:198 The demand of favorable scaffolds has increased for the emerging cartilage tissue engineering. 28890259 19 29 theme silk-CS 2667:2673 arg1 scaffold 2675:2682 this silk-CS scaffold 2662:2682 this silk-CS scaffold 2662:2682 Thus, we designed this silk-CS scaffold and proved that this scaffold exhibited good anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, promoted the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model. 28890259 14 30 theme bio-mimetic 2203:2213 arg1 structure 2215:2223 bio-mimetic structure 2203:2223 bio-mimetic structure 2203:2223 Current scaffolds often focus on providing sufficient mechanical support or bio-mimetic structure to promote cartilage repair. 28890259 1 31 theme tissue 181:186 arg1 engineering 188:198 the emerging cartilage tissue engineering 158:198 the emerging cartilage tissue engineering 158:198 The demand of favorable scaffolds has increased for the emerging cartilage tissue engineering. 28890259 18 32 theme anti-inflammatory 2616:2632 arg1 activity 2634:2641 anti-inflammatory activity 2616:2641 anti-inflammatory activity 2616:2641 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 11 33 theme Silk-CS 1583:1589 arg1 scaffold 1591:1598 Silk-CS scaffold 1583:1598 Silk-CS scaffold 1583:1598 Silk-CS scaffold induced more neo-tissue formation and better structural restoration than silk scaffold after 6 and 12weeks of implantation in ICRS histological evaluations. 28890259 8 34 theme scaffolds 1091:1099 arg1 biocompatibility 1067:1082 The biocompatibility 1063:1082 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds 1063:1099 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was investigated in vitro by cell adhesion, proliferation and migration with human articular chondrocytes. 28890259 3 35 theme rapid 368:372 arg1 rate 386:389 the rapid degradation rate 364:389 the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds 364:410 However, the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds presents a challenge to effectively recreate neo-tissue similar to natural articular cartilage. 28890259 17 36 theme few 2378:2380 arg1 scaffolds 2382:2390 few scaffolds 2378:2390 few scaffolds for cartilage repair 2378:2411 But few scaffolds for cartilage repair reported anti-inflammation property. 28890259 13 37 theme Severe 1990:1995 arg1 defect 2007:2012 SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect 1977:2012 SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) 1977:2040 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) is difficult to self-repair because of its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. 28890259 3 38 theme similar 468:474 arg1 neo-tissue 457:466 neo-tissue 457:466 neo-tissue similar to natural articular cartilage 457:505 However, the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds presents a challenge to effectively recreate neo-tissue similar to natural articular cartilage. 28890259 14 39 theme Current 2127:2133 arg1 scaffolds 2135:2143 Current scaffolds 2127:2143 Current scaffolds 2127:2143 Current scaffolds often focus on providing sufficient mechanical support or bio-mimetic structure to promote cartilage repair. 28890259 3 40 theme scaffolds 402:410 arg1 rate 386:389 the rapid degradation rate 364:389 the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds 364:410 However, the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds presents a challenge to effectively recreate neo-tissue similar to natural articular cartilage. 28890259 4 41 theme silk 522:525 arg1 fibroin 527:533 the silk fibroin 518:533 Meanwhile the silk fibroin 508:533 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 13 42 theme defect 2007:2012 arg1 STATEMENT 1964:1972 STATEMENT 1964:1972 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) 1964:2040 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) is difficult to self-repair because of its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. 28890259 0 43 theme Silk 0:3 arg1 scaffold 33:40 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold 0:40 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage repair. 0:104 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage repair. 28890259 19 44 theme articular 2805:2813 arg1 cartilage 2815:2823 articular cartilage 2805:2823 articular cartilage defect 2805:2830 Thus, we designed this silk-CS scaffold and proved that this scaffold exhibited good anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, promoted the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model. 28890259 3 45 theme pure 394:397 arg1 scaffolds 402:410 pure CS scaffolds 394:410 pure CS scaffolds 394:410 However, the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds presents a challenge to effectively recreate neo-tissue similar to natural articular cartilage. 28890259 6 46 theme fibroin 837:843 arg1 combination 817:827 the combination 813:827 the combination of silk fibroin and CS 813:850 Here we report that the combination of silk fibroin and CS could synergistically promote articular cartilage defect repair. 28890259 0 47 theme sulfate 25:31 arg1 scaffold 33:40 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold 0:40 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage repair. 0:104 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage repair. 28890259 8 48 theme cell 1130:1133 arg1 adhesion 1135:1142 cell adhesion 1130:1142 cell adhesion 1130:1142 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was investigated in vitro by cell adhesion, proliferation and migration with human articular chondrocytes. 28890259 1 49 theme favorable 120:128 arg1 scaffolds 130:138 favorable scaffolds 120:138 favorable scaffolds 120:138 The demand of favorable scaffolds has increased for the emerging cartilage tissue engineering. 28890259 4 50 theme remarkable 597:606 arg1 properties 619:628 its remarkable mechanical properties 593:628 its remarkable mechanical properties 593:628 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 10 51 theme osteochondral 1555:1567 arg1 model 1576:1580 a rabbit osteochondral defect model 1546:1580 a rabbit osteochondral defect model 1546:1580 The in vivo cartilage repair was evaluated with a rabbit osteochondral defect model. 28890259 2 52 theme Chondroitin 201:211 arg1 CS 222:223 CS 222:223 CS 222:223 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and silk fibroin have been investigated and reported with safety and excellent biocompatibility as tissue engineering scaffolds. 28890259 2 52 theme Chondroitin 201:211 arg1 sulfate 213:219 Chondroitin sulfate 201:219 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 201:224 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and silk fibroin have been investigated and reported with safety and excellent biocompatibility as tissue engineering scaffolds. 28890259 2 52 theme Chondroitin 201:211 arg1 scaffolds 344:352 tissue engineering scaffolds 325:352 tissue engineering scaffolds 325:352 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and silk fibroin have been investigated and reported with safety and excellent biocompatibility as tissue engineering scaffolds. 28890259 3 53 theme natural 479:485 arg1 cartilage 497:505 natural articular cartilage 479:505 natural articular cartilage 479:505 However, the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds presents a challenge to effectively recreate neo-tissue similar to natural articular cartilage. 28890259 10 54 dep in 1502:1503 arg1 vivo 1505:1508 vivo 1505:1508 vivo 1505:1508 The in vivo cartilage repair was evaluated with a rabbit osteochondral defect model. 28890259 19 55 theme animal 2835:2840 arg1 model 2842:2846 animal model 2835:2846 animal model 2835:2846 Thus, we designed this silk-CS scaffold and proved that this scaffold exhibited good anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, promoted the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model. 28890259 12 56 theme self-repair 1929:1939 arg1 capacity 1941:1948 the self-repair capacity 1925:1948 the self-repair capacity of cartilage 1925:1961 In conclusion, we have developed a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage. 28890259 14 57 theme mechanical 2181:2190 arg1 support 2192:2198 sufficient mechanical support 2170:2198 sufficient mechanical support 2170:2198 Current scaffolds often focus on providing sufficient mechanical support or bio-mimetic structure to promote cartilage repair. 28890259 11 58 theme 6 1693:1693 arg1 implantation 1710:1721 6 and 12weeks of implantation 1693:1721 implantation 1710:1721 Silk-CS scaffold induced more neo-tissue formation and better structural restoration than silk scaffold after 6 and 12weeks of implantation in ICRS histological evaluations. 28890259 12 59 theme cartilage 1953:1961 arg1 capacity 1941:1948 the self-repair capacity 1925:1948 the self-repair capacity of cartilage 1925:1961 In conclusion, we have developed a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage. 28890259 6 60 theme cartilage 892:900 arg1 repair 909:914 articular cartilage defect repair 882:914 articular cartilage defect repair 882:914 Here we report that the combination of silk fibroin and CS could synergistically promote articular cartilage defect repair. 28890259 16 61 from factors 2359:2365 arg1 OA 2370:2371 OA 2370:2371 OA 2370:2371 However, inflammation is one of the most important factors in OA. 28890259 13 62 theme aneural 2096:2102 arg1 nature 2119:2124 its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature 2081:2124 its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature 2081:2124 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) is difficult to self-repair because of its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. 28890259 18 63 theme useful 2577:2582 arg1 activity 2634:2641 anti-inflammatory activity 2616:2641 anti-inflammatory activity 2616:2641 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 18 63 theme useful 2577:2582 arg1 properties 2595:2604 useful biological properties 2577:2604 useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity 2577:2641 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 7 64 theme fibroin/CS 950:959 arg1 scaffolds 971:979 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds 917:979 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds 917:979 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds were fabricated with salt-leaching, freeze-drying and crosslinking methodologies. 28890259 13 65 theme alymphatic 2108:2117 arg1 nature 2119:2124 its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature 2081:2124 its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature 2081:2124 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) is difficult to self-repair because of its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. 28890259 9 66 theme anti-inflammatory 1462:1478 arg1 activities 1480:1489 the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities 1442:1489 the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS 1442:1495 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 8 67 theme articular 1184:1192 arg1 chondrocytes 1194:1205 human articular chondrocytes 1178:1205 human articular chondrocytes 1178:1205 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was investigated in vitro by cell adhesion, proliferation and migration with human articular chondrocytes. 28890259 5 68 theme composite 699:707 arg1 fibroin 714:720 composite silk fibroin 699:720 composite silk fibroin 699:720 The application of composite silk fibroin and CS scaffolds for joint cartilage repair has not been well studied. 28890259 11 69 theme 12weeks 1699:1705 arg1 implantation 1710:1721 6 and 12weeks of implantation 1693:1721 implantation 1710:1721 Silk-CS scaffold induced more neo-tissue formation and better structural restoration than silk scaffold after 6 and 12weeks of implantation in ICRS histological evaluations. 28890259 18 70 theme properties 2595:2604 arg1 activity 2634:2641 anti-inflammatory activity 2616:2641 anti-inflammatory activity 2616:2641 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 18 70 theme properties 2595:2604 arg1 number 2567:2572 a number 2565:2572 a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity 2565:2641 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 11 71 theme ICRS 1726:1729 arg1 evaluations 1744:1754 ICRS histological evaluations 1726:1754 ICRS histological evaluations 1726:1754 Silk-CS scaffold induced more neo-tissue formation and better structural restoration than silk scaffold after 6 and 12weeks of implantation in ICRS histological evaluations. 28890259 5 72 theme fibroin 714:720 arg1 application 684:694 The application 680:694 The application of composite silk fibroin and CS scaffolds for joint cartilage repair 680:764 The application of composite silk fibroin and CS scaffolds for joint cartilage repair has not been well studied. 28890259 6 73 theme CS 849:850 arg1 combination 817:827 the combination 813:827 the combination of silk fibroin and CS 813:850 Here we report that the combination of silk fibroin and CS could synergistically promote articular cartilage defect repair. 28890259 7 74 theme fibroin 926:932 arg1 scaffolds 971:979 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds 917:979 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds 917:979 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds were fabricated with salt-leaching, freeze-drying and crosslinking methodologies. 28890259 12 75 theme immuno-inhibition 1882:1898 arg1 property 1900:1907 immuno-inhibition property 1882:1907 immuno-inhibition property 1882:1907 In conclusion, we have developed a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage. 28890259 4 76 theme long-lasting 631:642 arg1 stability 652:660 long-lasting in vivo stability 631:660 long-lasting in vivo stability 631:660 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 16 77 theme important 2349:2357 arg1 factors 2359:2365 the most important factors 2340:2365 the most important factors in OA 2340:2371 However, inflammation is one of the most important factors in OA. 28890259 11 78 theme neo-tissue 1613:1622 arg1 formation 1624:1632 more neo-tissue formation 1608:1632 more neo-tissue formation 1608:1632 Silk-CS scaffold induced more neo-tissue formation and better structural restoration than silk scaffold after 6 and 12weeks of implantation in ICRS histological evaluations. 28890259 18 79 theme present 2509:2515 arg1 Meanwhile 2450:2458 Meanwhile 2450:2458 Meanwhile 2450:2458 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 18 79 theme present 2509:2515 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 2491:2507 a glycosaminoglycan 2489:2507 a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM 2489:2544 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 9 80 theme silk 1284:1287 arg1 scaffold 1289:1296 silk scaffold 1284:1296 silk scaffold 1284:1296 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 18 81 theme biological 2584:2593 arg1 activity 2634:2641 anti-inflammatory activity 2616:2641 anti-inflammatory activity 2616:2641 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 18 81 theme biological 2584:2593 arg1 properties 2595:2604 useful biological properties 2577:2604 useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity 2577:2641 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 12 82 theme tissue 1849:1854 arg1 engineering 1856:1866 cartilage tissue engineering 1839:1866 cartilage tissue engineering 1839:1866 In conclusion, we have developed a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage. 28890259 5 83 theme cartilage 749:757 arg1 repair 759:764 joint cartilage repair 743:764 joint cartilage repair 743:764 The application of composite silk fibroin and CS scaffolds for joint cartilage repair has not been well studied. 28890259 11 84 theme structural 1645:1654 arg1 restoration 1656:1666 better structural restoration 1638:1666 better structural restoration 1638:1666 Silk-CS scaffold induced more neo-tissue formation and better structural restoration than silk scaffold after 6 and 12weeks of implantation in ICRS histological evaluations. 28890259 2 85 theme tissue 325:330 arg1 sulfate 213:219 Chondroitin sulfate 201:219 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 201:224 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and silk fibroin have been investigated and reported with safety and excellent biocompatibility as tissue engineering scaffolds. 28890259 2 85 theme tissue 325:330 arg1 scaffolds 344:352 tissue engineering scaffolds 325:352 tissue engineering scaffolds 325:352 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and silk fibroin have been investigated and reported with safety and excellent biocompatibility as tissue engineering scaffolds. 28890259 17 86 theme cartilage 2396:2404 arg1 repair 2406:2411 cartilage repair 2396:2411 cartilage repair 2396:2411 But few scaffolds for cartilage repair reported anti-inflammation property. 28890259 18 87 theme cartilage 2532:2540 arg1 ECM 2542:2544 the natural cartilage ECM 2520:2544 the natural cartilage ECM 2520:2544 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 5 88 theme CS 726:727 arg1 scaffolds 729:737 CS scaffolds 726:737 CS scaffolds 726:737 The application of composite silk fibroin and CS scaffolds for joint cartilage repair has not been well studied. 28890259 9 89 theme silk-CS 1313:1319 arg1 scaffolds 1321:1329 the silk-CS scaffolds 1309:1329 the silk-CS scaffolds 1309:1329 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 1 90 theme scaffolds 130:138 arg1 demand 110:115 The demand 106:115 The demand of favorable scaffolds 106:138 The demand of favorable scaffolds has increased for the emerging cartilage tissue engineering. 28890259 18 91 theme chondroitin 2461:2471 arg1 CS 2482:2483 CS 2482:2483 CS 2482:2483 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 18 91 theme chondroitin 2461:2471 arg1 Meanwhile 2450:2458 Meanwhile 2450:2458 Meanwhile 2450:2458 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 18 91 theme chondroitin 2461:2471 arg1 sulfate 2473:2479 chondroitin sulfate 2461:2479 chondroitin sulfate (CS) 2461:2484 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 28890259 12 92 theme silk 1792:1795 arg1 scaffold 1826:1833 a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold 1790:1833 a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage 1790:1961 In conclusion, we have developed a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage. 28890259 0 93 theme cartilage 88:96 arg1 repair 98:103 articular cartilage repair 78:103 articular cartilage repair 78:103 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage repair. 28890259 9 94 theme inflammatory 1351:1362 arg1 response 1364:1371 chondrocyte inflammatory response 1339:1371 chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS 1339:1495 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 7 95 theme crosslinking 1035:1046 arg1 methodologies 1048:1060 crosslinking methodologies 1035:1060 crosslinking methodologies 1035:1060 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds were fabricated with salt-leaching, freeze-drying and crosslinking methodologies. 28890259 12 96 theme chondroitin 1806:1816 arg1 scaffold 1826:1833 a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold 1790:1833 a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage 1790:1961 In conclusion, we have developed a silk fibroin/ chondroitin sulfate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that exhibits immuno-inhibition property and can improve the self-repair capacity of cartilage. 28890259 1 97 theme cartilage 171:179 arg1 engineering 188:198 the emerging cartilage tissue engineering 158:198 the emerging cartilage tissue engineering 158:198 The demand of favorable scaffolds has increased for the emerging cartilage tissue engineering. 28890259 10 98 theme cartilage 1510:1518 arg1 repair 1520:1525 The in vivo cartilage repair 1498:1525 The in vivo cartilage repair 1498:1525 The in vivo cartilage repair was evaluated with a rabbit osteochondral defect model. 28890259 19 99 theme good 2724:2727 arg1 effects 2747:2753 good anti-inflammatory effects 2724:2753 good anti-inflammatory effects 2724:2753 Thus, we designed this silk-CS scaffold and proved that this scaffold exhibited good anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, promoted the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model. 28890259 10 100 theme in 1502:1503 arg1 repair 1520:1525 The in vivo cartilage repair 1498:1525 The in vivo cartilage repair 1498:1525 The in vivo cartilage repair was evaluated with a rabbit osteochondral defect model. 28890259 13 101 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1977:1988 arg1 defect 2007:2012 SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect 1977:2012 SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) 1977:2040 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) is difficult to self-repair because of its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. 28890259 9 102 theme interleukin 1393:1403 arg1 IL 1406:1407 interleukin (IL)-1β 1393:1411 interleukin (IL)-1β 1393:1411 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 3 103 theme degradation 374:384 arg1 rate 386:389 the rapid degradation rate 364:389 the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds 364:410 However, the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds presents a challenge to effectively recreate neo-tissue similar to natural articular cartilage. 28890259 14 104 theme cartilage 2236:2244 arg1 repair 2246:2251 cartilage repair 2236:2251 cartilage repair 2236:2251 Current scaffolds often focus on providing sufficient mechanical support or bio-mimetic structure to promote cartilage repair. 28890259 13 105 theme cartilage 1997:2005 arg1 defect 2007:2012 SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect 1977:2012 SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) 1977:2040 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) is difficult to self-repair because of its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. 28890259 16 106 theme factors 2359:2365 arg1 factors 2359:2365 the most important factors 2340:2365 the most important factors in OA 2340:2371 However, inflammation is one of the most important factors in OA. 28890259 16 106 theme factors 2359:2365 arg1 one 2333:2335 one 2333:2335 one 2333:2335 However, inflammation is one of the most important factors in OA. 28890259 4 107 used used 543:546 arg2 Meanwhile 508:516 Meanwhile 508:516 Meanwhile the silk fibroin 508:533 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 4 107 used used 543:546 arg2 constituent 564:574 a structural constituent 551:574 a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity 551:677 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 13 108 theme avascular 2085:2093 arg1 nature 2119:2124 its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature 2081:2124 its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature 2081:2124 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Severe cartilage defect such as osteoarthritis (OA) is difficult to self-repair because of its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. 28890259 3 109 theme CS 399:400 arg1 scaffolds 402:410 pure CS scaffolds 394:410 pure CS scaffolds 394:410 However, the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds presents a challenge to effectively recreate neo-tissue similar to natural articular cartilage. 28890259 4 110 theme mechanical 608:617 arg1 properties 619:628 its remarkable mechanical properties 593:628 its remarkable mechanical properties 593:628 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 10 111 theme defect 1569:1574 arg1 model 1576:1580 a rabbit osteochondral defect model 1546:1580 a rabbit osteochondral defect model 1546:1580 The in vivo cartilage repair was evaluated with a rabbit osteochondral defect model. 28890259 0 112 theme immuno-inhibition 47:63 arg1 property 65:72 immuno-inhibition property 47:72 immuno-inhibition property 47:72 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage repair. 28890259 4 113 dep Meanwhile 508:516 arg1 fibroin 527:533 the silk fibroin 518:533 Meanwhile the silk fibroin 508:533 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 4 114 theme structural 553:562 arg1 constituent 564:574 a structural constituent 551:574 a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity 551:677 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 4 114 theme structural 553:562 arg1 Meanwhile 508:516 Meanwhile 508:516 Meanwhile the silk fibroin 508:533 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 10 115 theme rabbit 1548:1553 arg1 model 1576:1580 a rabbit osteochondral defect model 1546:1580 a rabbit osteochondral defect model 1546:1580 The in vivo cartilage repair was evaluated with a rabbit osteochondral defect model. 28890259 0 116 with scaffold 33:40 arg1 property 65:72 immuno-inhibition property 47:72 immuno-inhibition property 47:72 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage repair. 28890259 3 117 theme articular 487:495 arg1 cartilage 497:505 natural articular cartilage 479:505 natural articular cartilage 479:505 However, the rapid degradation rate of pure CS scaffolds presents a challenge to effectively recreate neo-tissue similar to natural articular cartilage. 28890259 6 118 theme defect 902:907 arg1 repair 909:914 articular cartilage defect repair 882:914 articular cartilage defect repair 882:914 Here we report that the combination of silk fibroin and CS could synergistically promote articular cartilage defect repair. 28890259 19 119 theme cartilage 2815:2823 arg1 defect 2825:2830 articular cartilage defect 2805:2830 articular cartilage defect 2805:2830 Thus, we designed this silk-CS scaffold and proved that this scaffold exhibited good anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, promoted the repair of articular cartilage defect in animal model. 28890259 4 120 theme material 576:583 arg1 constituent 564:574 a structural constituent 551:574 a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity 551:677 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 4 120 theme material 576:583 arg1 Meanwhile 508:516 Meanwhile 508:516 Meanwhile the silk fibroin 508:533 Meanwhile the silk fibroin is well used as a structural constituent material because its remarkable mechanical properties, long-lasting in vivo stability and hypoimmunity. 28890259 14 121 theme sufficient 2170:2179 arg1 support 2192:2198 sufficient mechanical support 2170:2198 sufficient mechanical support 2170:2198 Current scaffolds often focus on providing sufficient mechanical support or bio-mimetic structure to promote cartilage repair. 28890259 11 122 theme silk 1673:1676 arg1 scaffold 1678:1685 silk scaffold 1673:1685 silk scaffold 1673:1685 Silk-CS scaffold induced more neo-tissue formation and better structural restoration than silk scaffold after 6 and 12weeks of implantation in ICRS histological evaluations. 28890259 7 123 theme silk 945:948 arg1 silk-CS 962:968 silk-CS 962:968 silk-CS 962:968 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds were fabricated with salt-leaching, freeze-drying and crosslinking methodologies. 28890259 7 123 theme silk 945:948 arg1 fibroin/CS 950:959 silk fibroin/CS 945:959 silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) 945:969 The silk fibroin (silk) and silk fibroin/CS (silk-CS) scaffolds were fabricated with salt-leaching, freeze-drying and crosslinking methodologies. 28890259 8 124 theme human 1178:1182 arg1 chondrocytes 1194:1205 human articular chondrocytes 1178:1205 human articular chondrocytes 1178:1205 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was investigated in vitro by cell adhesion, proliferation and migration with human articular chondrocytes. 28890259 6 125 theme articular 882:890 arg1 repair 909:914 articular cartilage defect repair 882:914 articular cartilage defect repair 882:914 Here we report that the combination of silk fibroin and CS could synergistically promote articular cartilage defect repair. 28890259 11 126 theme of 1707:1708 arg1 implantation 1710:1721 6 and 12weeks of implantation 1693:1721 implantation 1710:1721 Silk-CS scaffold induced more neo-tissue formation and better structural restoration than silk scaffold after 6 and 12weeks of implantation in ICRS histological evaluations. 28890259 9 127 theme well-documented 1446:1460 arg1 activities 1480:1489 the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities 1442:1489 the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS 1442:1495 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 11 128 theme histological 1731:1742 arg1 evaluations 1744:1754 ICRS histological evaluations 1726:1754 ICRS histological evaluations 1726:1754 Silk-CS scaffold induced more neo-tissue formation and better structural restoration than silk scaffold after 6 and 12weeks of implantation in ICRS histological evaluations. 28890259 9 129 theme silk-CS 1222:1228 arg1 scaffold 1230:1237 silk-CS scaffold 1222:1237 silk-CS scaffold 1222:1237 We found that silk-CS scaffold maintained better chondrocyte phenotype than silk scaffold; moreover, the silk-CS scaffolds reduced chondrocyte inflammatory response that was induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, which is in consistent with the well-documented anti-inflammatory activities of CS. 28890259 0 130 theme fibroin-chondroitin 5:23 arg1 scaffold 33:40 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold 0:40 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage repair. 0:104 Silk fibroin-chondroitin sulfate scaffold with immuno-inhibition property for articular cartilage repair. 28890259 18 131 from ECM 2542:2544 arg1 present 2509:2515 present 2509:2515 present 2509:2515 Meanwhile, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan present in the natural cartilage ECM, and has exhibited a number of useful biological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. 26132185 0 0 theme Pakistani 69:77 arg1 index 49:53 glycaemic index 39:53 glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties 39:100 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 26132185 6 1 theme Proximate 629:637 arg1 composition 639:649 Proximate composition 629:649 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash] 629:747 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 3 2 theme Indian 440:445 arg1 IBR 461:463 IBR 461:463 IBR 461:463 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 3 2 theme Indian 440:445 arg1 rice 455:458 an Indian basmati rice 437:458 an Indian basmati rice (IBR) 437:464 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 11 3 theme low 1320:1322 arg1 categories 1338:1347 low and medium GI categories 1320:1347 low and medium GI categories respectively 1320:1360 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 11 4 theme rice 1230:1233 arg1 cooker 1235:1240 a rice cooker 1228:1240 a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) 1228:1266 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 11 4 theme rice 1230:1233 arg1 SD=12 1261:1265 GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12 1243:1265 GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12 1243:1265 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 3 5 theme basmati 447:453 arg1 IBR 461:463 IBR 461:463 IBR 461:463 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 3 5 theme basmati 447:453 arg1 rice 455:458 an Indian basmati rice 437:458 an Indian basmati rice (IBR) 437:464 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 11 6 theme IBR 1206:1208 arg1 values 1196:1201 The GI values 1189:1201 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) 1189:1306 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 13 7 contain had 1574:1576 arg1 IBR 1570:1572 IBR 1570:1572 IBR 1570:1572 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR had medium GI and IBR had low GI. 26132185 13 7 contain had 1574:1576 arg2 GI 1582:1583 low GI 1578:1583 low GI 1578:1583 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR had medium GI and IBR had low GI. 26132185 0 8 theme rice 87:90 arg1 varieties 92:100 basmati rice varieties 79:100 basmati rice varieties 79:100 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 26132185 0 9 from Effect 0:5 arg1 index 49:53 glycaemic index 39:53 glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties 39:100 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 26132185 13 10 theme medium 1556:1561 arg1 GI 1563:1564 medium GI 1556:1564 medium GI 1556:1564 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR had medium GI and IBR had low GI. 26132185 10 11 dep higher 1153:1158 arg1 p<0.05 1145:1150 p<0.05 1145:1150 p<0.05 1145:1150 RESULTS Fat, total dietary fibre (TDF), SDF and IDF contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in IBR when compared to PBR. 26132185 13 12 theme low 1578:1580 arg1 GI 1582:1583 low GI 1578:1583 low GI 1578:1583 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR had medium GI and IBR had low GI. 26132185 4 13 theme crossover 514:522 arg1 This 503:506 This 503:506 This 503:506 This was a crossover study. 26132185 4 13 theme crossover 514:522 arg1 study 524:528 a crossover study 512:528 a crossover study 512:528 This was a crossover study. 26132185 0 14 theme basmati 79:85 arg1 varieties 92:100 basmati rice varieties 79:100 basmati rice varieties 79:100 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 26132185 3 15 from GI 346:347 arg1 GI 396:397 GI 396:397 GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans 396:500 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 5 16 theme BMI 596:598 arg1 range 600:604 range 600:604 range 600:604 Participants were ten healthy individuals aged 20-30 years whose BMI range was 18.5-23.5 kgm(-2). 26132185 10 17 theme IDF 1112:1114 arg1 contents 1116:1123 IDF contents 1112:1123 IDF contents 1112:1123 RESULTS Fat, total dietary fibre (TDF), SDF and IDF contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in IBR when compared to PBR. 26132185 6 18 theme amylose 750:756 arg1 content 758:764 amylose content 750:764 amylose content 750:764 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 7 19 theme rice 921:924 arg1 cup 914:916 1 cup 912:916 1 cup of rice (110 g) 912:932 Rice was cooked separately in a rice cooker and a microwave by adding 1 cup of rice (110 g) and 1 cup of water (150 ml)). 26132185 7 19 theme rice 921:924 arg1 cup 940:942 1 cup 938:942 1 cup of water (150 ml)) 938:961 Rice was cooked separately in a rice cooker and a microwave by adding 1 cup of rice (110 g) and 1 cup of water (150 ml)). 26132185 2 20 theme GI 256:257 arg1 degree 270:275 the GI, including degree 252:275 the GI, including degree of starch gelatinization 252:300 Many factors affect the GI, including degree of starch gelatinization. 26132185 1 21 theme blood 150:154 arg1 response 164:171 the blood glucose response 146:171 the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion 146:229 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) reflects the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion. 26132185 3 22 theme different 367:375 arg1 methods 385:391 different cooking methods 367:391 different cooking methods 367:391 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 5 23 theme healthy 553:559 arg1 individuals 561:571 ten healthy individuals 549:571 ten healthy individuals aged 20-30 years whose BMI range was 18.5-23.5 kgm(-2) 549:626 Participants were ten healthy individuals aged 20-30 years whose BMI range was 18.5-23.5 kgm(-2). 26132185 11 24 theme SD=8 1249:1252 arg1 cooker 1235:1240 a rice cooker 1228:1240 a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) 1228:1266 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 11 24 theme SD=8 1249:1252 arg1 SD=12 1261:1265 GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12 1243:1265 GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12 1243:1265 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 1 25 theme glucose 156:162 arg1 response 164:171 the blood glucose response 146:171 the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion 146:229 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) reflects the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion. 26132185 3 26 from effect 357:362 arg1 GI 396:397 GI 396:397 GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans 396:500 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 13 27 theme method 1530:1535 arg1 Irrespective 1510:1521 Irrespective 1510:1521 Irrespective 1510:1521 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR had medium GI and IBR had low GI. 26132185 2 28 theme gelatinization 287:300 arg1 degree 270:275 the GI, including degree 252:275 the GI, including degree of starch gelatinization 252:300 Many factors affect the GI, including degree of starch gelatinization. 26132185 6 29 theme standard 824:831 arg1 methods 833:839 standard methods 824:839 standard methods 824:839 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 5 30 theme aged 573:576 arg1 individuals 561:571 ten healthy individuals 549:571 ten healthy individuals aged 20-30 years whose BMI range was 18.5-23.5 kgm(-2) 549:626 Participants were ten healthy individuals aged 20-30 years whose BMI range was 18.5-23.5 kgm(-2). 26132185 2 31 theme starch 280:285 arg1 gelatinization 287:300 starch gelatinization 280:300 starch gelatinization 280:300 Many factors affect the GI, including degree of starch gelatinization. 26132185 0 32 theme cooking 20:26 arg1 methods 28:34 different cooking methods 10:34 different cooking methods 10:34 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 26132185 12 33 theme microwave 1456:1464 arg1 oven 1466:1469 a microwave oven 1454:1469 a microwave oven compared to a rice cooker 1454:1495 A percentage reduction in GI values was seen in PBR (12.5%) and IBR (20.4%) when cooked in a microwave oven compared to a rice cooker. 26132185 13 34 theme cooking 1540:1546 arg1 PBR 1548:1550 cooking PBR 1540:1550 cooking PBR 1540:1550 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR had medium GI and IBR had low GI. 26132185 0 35 dep Indian 58:63 arg1 varieties 92:100 basmati rice varieties 79:100 basmati rice varieties 79:100 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 26132185 13 36 theme PBR 1548:1550 arg1 method 1530:1535 the method 1526:1535 the method of cooking PBR 1526:1550 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR had medium GI and IBR had low GI. 26132185 3 37 theme rice 422:425 arg1 GI 396:397 GI 396:397 GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans 396:500 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 0 38 theme different 10:18 arg1 methods 28:34 different cooking methods 10:34 different cooking methods 10:34 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 26132185 13 39 contain had 1552:1554 arg2 GI 1563:1564 medium GI 1556:1564 medium GI 1556:1564 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR had medium GI and IBR had low GI. 26132185 13 39 contain had 1552:1554 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1498:1508 CONCLUSIONS 1498:1508 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR 1498:1550 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR had medium GI and IBR had low GI. 26132185 3 40 dep METHODS 303:309 arg1 was 325:327 was 325:327 was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans 325:500 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 3 41 theme Sri 490:492 arg1 Lankans 494:500 Sri Lankans 490:500 Sri Lankans 490:500 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 7 42 theme water 947:951 arg1 cup 914:916 1 cup 912:916 1 cup of rice (110 g) 912:932 Rice was cooked separately in a rice cooker and a microwave by adding 1 cup of rice (110 g) and 1 cup of water (150 ml)). 26132185 7 42 theme water 947:951 arg1 cup 940:942 1 cup 938:942 1 cup of water (150 ml)) 938:961 Rice was cooked separately in a rice cooker and a microwave by adding 1 cup of rice (110 g) and 1 cup of water (150 ml)). 26132185 3 43 theme rice 455:458 arg1 GI 396:397 GI 396:397 GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans 396:500 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 3 44 theme cooking 377:383 arg1 methods 385:391 different cooking methods 367:391 different cooking methods 367:391 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 9 45 theme GI 998:999 arg1 values 1001:1006 GI values 998:1006 GI values 998:1006 GI values were expressed as the average value of 10 participants. 26132185 9 45 theme GI 998:999 arg1 value 1038:1042 the average value 1026:1042 the average value of 10 participants 1026:1061 GI values were expressed as the average value of 10 participants. 26132185 12 46 from reduction 1376:1384 arg1 values 1392:1397 GI values 1389:1397 GI values 1389:1397 A percentage reduction in GI values was seen in PBR (12.5%) and IBR (20.4%) when cooked in a microwave oven compared to a rice cooker. 26132185 12 47 theme percentage 1365:1374 arg1 reduction 1376:1384 A percentage reduction 1363:1384 A percentage reduction in GI values 1363:1397 A percentage reduction in GI values was seen in PBR (12.5%) and IBR (20.4%) when cooked in a microwave oven compared to a rice cooker. 26132185 3 48 theme Pakistani 404:412 arg1 PBR 428:430 PBR 428:430 PBR 428:430 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 3 48 theme Pakistani 404:412 arg1 rice 422:425 a Pakistani basmati rice 402:425 a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) 402:431 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 0 49 theme methods 28:34 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 0:101 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 26132185 3 50 theme methods 385:391 arg1 GI 346:347 the GI 342:347 the GI 342:347 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 3 50 theme methods 385:391 arg1 effect 357:362 the effect 353:362 the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans 353:500 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 11 51 theme medium 1328:1333 arg1 categories 1338:1347 low and medium GI categories 1320:1347 low and medium GI categories respectively 1320:1360 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 10 52 dep RESULTS 1064:1070 arg1 contents 1116:1123 IDF contents 1112:1123 IDF contents 1112:1123 RESULTS Fat, total dietary fibre (TDF), SDF and IDF contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in IBR when compared to PBR. 26132185 10 52 dep RESULTS 1064:1070 arg1 RESULTS 1064:1070 RESULTS Fat, total dietary fibre (TDF), SDF and IDF contents 1064:1123 RESULTS Fat, total dietary fibre (TDF), SDF and IDF contents 1064:1123 RESULTS Fat, total dietary fibre (TDF), SDF and IDF contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in IBR when compared to PBR. 26132185 10 52 dep RESULTS 1064:1070 arg1 Fat 1072:1074 Fat 1072:1074 Fat 1072:1074 RESULTS Fat, total dietary fibre (TDF), SDF and IDF contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in IBR when compared to PBR. 26132185 10 52 dep RESULTS 1064:1070 arg1 TDF 1098:1100 TDF 1098:1100 TDF 1098:1100 RESULTS Fat, total dietary fibre (TDF), SDF and IDF contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in IBR when compared to PBR. 26132185 10 52 dep RESULTS 1064:1070 arg1 SDF 1104:1106 SDF 1104:1106 SDF 1104:1106 RESULTS Fat, total dietary fibre (TDF), SDF and IDF contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in IBR when compared to PBR. 26132185 10 52 dep RESULTS 1064:1070 arg1 fibre 1091:1095 fibre 1091:1095 fibre 1091:1095 RESULTS Fat, total dietary fibre (TDF), SDF and IDF contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in IBR when compared to PBR. 26132185 3 53 theme basmati 414:420 arg1 PBR 428:430 PBR 428:430 PBR 428:430 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 3 53 theme basmati 414:420 arg1 rice 422:425 a Pakistani basmati rice 402:425 a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) 402:431 METHODS The objective was to determine the GI and the effect of different cooking methods on GI of a Pakistani basmati rice (PBR) and an Indian basmati rice (IBR) frequently purchased by Sri Lankans. 26132185 12 54 theme rice 1485:1488 arg1 cooker 1490:1495 a rice cooker 1483:1495 a rice cooker 1483:1495 A percentage reduction in GI values was seen in PBR (12.5%) and IBR (20.4%) when cooked in a microwave oven compared to a rice cooker. 26132185 6 55 theme varieties 789:797 arg1 GI 770:771 GI 770:771 GI 770:771 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 6 55 theme varieties 789:797 arg1 content 758:764 amylose content 750:764 amylose content 750:764 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 6 55 theme varieties 789:797 arg1 composition 639:649 Proximate composition 629:649 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash] 629:747 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 11 56 theme GI 1335:1336 arg1 categories 1338:1347 low and medium GI categories 1320:1347 low and medium GI categories respectively 1320:1360 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 8 57 used used 976:979 arg2 standard 988:995 standard 988:995 standard 988:995 Glucose was used as the standard. 26132185 8 57 used used 976:979 arg2 Glucose 964:970 Glucose 964:970 Glucose 964:970 Glucose was used as the standard. 26132185 1 58 theme INTRODUCTION 103:114 arg1 index 126:130 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index 103:130 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) 103:135 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) reflects the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion. 26132185 1 58 theme INTRODUCTION 103:114 arg1 GI 133:134 GI 133:134 GI 133:134 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) reflects the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion. 26132185 0 59 theme glycaemic 39:47 arg1 index 49:53 glycaemic index 39:53 glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties 39:100 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 26132185 6 60 theme rice 784:787 arg1 varieties 789:797 the two rice varieties 776:797 the two rice varieties 776:797 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 1 61 theme Glycaemic 116:124 arg1 index 126:130 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index 103:130 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) 103:135 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) reflects the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion. 26132185 1 61 theme Glycaemic 116:124 arg1 GI 133:134 GI 133:134 GI 133:134 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) reflects the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion. 26132185 6 62 dep composition 639:649 arg1 fibre 697:701 fibre 697:701 fibre 697:701 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 6 62 dep composition 639:649 arg1 fibre 728:732 fibre 728:732 fibre 728:732 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 6 62 dep composition 639:649 arg1 protein 667:673 protein 667:673 protein 667:673 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 6 62 dep composition 639:649 arg1 fat 676:678 fat 676:678 fat 676:678 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 6 62 dep composition 639:649 arg1 SDF 704:706 SDF 704:706 SDF 704:706 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 6 62 dep composition 639:649 arg1 IDF 735:737 IDF 735:737 IDF 735:737 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 6 62 dep composition 639:649 arg1 [carbohydrate 652:664 [carbohydrate 652:664 [carbohydrate 652:664 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 6 62 dep composition 639:649 arg1 ash 744:746 ash 744:746 ash 744:746 Proximate composition, [carbohydrate, protein, fat, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and ash], amylose content and GI of the two rice varieties were determined by using standard methods. 26132185 7 63 theme rice 874:877 arg1 cooker 879:884 a rice cooker 872:884 a rice cooker 872:884 Rice was cooked separately in a rice cooker and a microwave by adding 1 cup of rice (110 g) and 1 cup of water (150 ml)). 26132185 12 64 theme GI 1389:1390 arg1 values 1392:1397 GI values 1389:1397 GI values 1389:1397 A percentage reduction in GI values was seen in PBR (12.5%) and IBR (20.4%) when cooked in a microwave oven compared to a rice cooker. 26132185 5 65 dep kgm 620:622 arg1 -2 624:625 -2 624:625 -2 624:625 Participants were ten healthy individuals aged 20-30 years whose BMI range was 18.5-23.5 kgm(-2). 26132185 9 66 theme participants 1050:1061 arg1 values 1001:1006 GI values 998:1006 GI values 998:1006 GI values were expressed as the average value of 10 participants. 26132185 9 66 theme participants 1050:1061 arg1 value 1038:1042 the average value 1026:1042 the average value of 10 participants 1026:1061 GI values were expressed as the average value of 10 participants. 26132185 13 67 theme Irrespective 1510:1521 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1498:1508 CONCLUSIONS 1498:1508 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR 1498:1550 CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method of cooking PBR had medium GI and IBR had low GI. 26132185 1 68 theme digestible 199:208 arg1 portion 223:229 a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion 192:229 a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion 192:229 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) reflects the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion. 26132185 0 69 theme Indian 58:63 arg1 index 49:53 glycaemic index 39:53 glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties 39:100 Effect of different cooking methods on glycaemic index of Indian and Pakistani basmati rice varieties. 26132185 9 70 theme average 1030:1036 arg1 values 1001:1006 GI values 998:1006 GI values 998:1006 GI values were expressed as the average value of 10 participants. 26132185 9 70 theme average 1030:1036 arg1 value 1038:1042 the average value 1026:1042 the average value of 10 participants 1026:1061 GI values were expressed as the average value of 10 participants. 26132185 2 71 theme Many 232:235 arg1 factors 237:243 Many factors 232:243 Many factors 232:243 Many factors affect the GI, including degree of starch gelatinization. 26132185 11 72 theme SD=28 1288:1292 arg1 SD=12 1301:1305 GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12 1282:1305 GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12 1282:1305 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 11 72 theme SD=28 1288:1292 arg1 microwave 1271:1279 microwave 1271:1279 microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) 1271:1306 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 2 73 dep GI 256:257 arg1 including 260:268 including 260:268 including 260:268 Many factors affect the GI, including degree of starch gelatinization. 26132185 11 74 theme GI 1193:1194 arg1 values 1196:1201 The GI values 1189:1201 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) 1189:1306 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 1 75 theme carbohydrate 210:221 arg1 portion 223:229 a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion 192:229 a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion 192:229 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) reflects the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion. 26132185 11 76 theme PBR 1214:1216 arg1 values 1196:1201 The GI values 1189:1201 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) 1189:1306 The GI values of IBR and PBR cooked in a rice cooker (GI=54 SD=8; GI=64 SD=12) or microwave (GI=43 SD=28; GI=56 SD=12) belonged to low and medium GI categories respectively. 26132185 1 77 theme portion 223:229 arg1 ingestion 179:187 ingestion 179:187 ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion 179:229 INTRODUCTION Glycaemic index (GI) reflects the blood glucose response after ingestion of a 50 g digestible carbohydrate portion. 25998901 0 0 theme cereal 76:81 arg1 products 83:90 cereal products 76:90 cereal products 76:90 Postprandial glycaemic response: how is it influenced by characteristics of cereal products? 25998901 10 1 theme products 1745:1752 arg1 process 1727:1733 the manufacturing process 1709:1733 the manufacturing process of cereal products 1709:1752 Hence, optimising both the formula and the manufacturing process of cereal products can improve glucose metabolism, which is recognised as strongly influential on human health. 25998901 10 1 theme products 1745:1752 arg1 optimising 1677:1686 optimising 1677:1686 optimising 1677:1686 Hence, optimising both the formula and the manufacturing process of cereal products can improve glucose metabolism, which is recognised as strongly influential on human health. 25998901 10 1 theme products 1745:1752 arg1 formula 1697:1703 the formula 1693:1703 the formula 1693:1703 Hence, optimising both the formula and the manufacturing process of cereal products can improve glucose metabolism, which is recognised as strongly influential on human health. 25998901 1 2 theme indexes 143:149 arg1 range 124:128 a wide range 117:128 a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI) 117:154 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 10 3 theme cereal 1738:1743 arg1 products 1745:1752 cereal products 1738:1752 cereal products 1738:1752 Hence, optimising both the formula and the manufacturing process of cereal products can improve glucose metabolism, which is recognised as strongly influential on human health. 25998901 1 4 theme digestibility 217:229 arg1 interaction 165:175 the interaction 161:175 the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response 161:255 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 2 5 theme insulinaemic 448:459 arg1 Δpeak 515:519 Δpeak 515:519 Δpeak 515:519 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 5 theme insulinaemic 448:459 arg1 responses 461:469 glycaemic or insulinaemic responses 435:469 glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak) 435:520 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 5 theme insulinaemic 448:459 arg1 AUC 484:486 incremental AUC 472:486 incremental AUC 472:486 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 5 theme insulinaemic 448:459 arg1 concentration 497:509 maximum concentration 489:509 maximum concentration 489:509 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 8 6 dep composition 1489:1499 arg1 interaction 1502:1512 interaction 1502:1512 interaction between fat and fibres 1502:1535 We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. 25998901 7 7 theme glycaemic 1194:1202 arg1 response 1204:1211 glycaemic response 1194:1211 glycaemic response 1194:1211 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 8 8 theme products 1552:1559 arg1 composition 1489:1499 nutritional composition 1477:1499 nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) 1477:1536 We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. 25998901 8 8 theme products 1552:1559 arg1 digestibility 1425:1437 starch digestibility 1418:1437 starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) 1418:1471 We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. 25998901 7 9 dep low 1216:1218 arg1 contents 1235:1242 SDS contents 1231:1242 SDS contents 1231:1242 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 7 10 theme SDS 1299:1301 arg1 levels 1303:1308 high SDS levels 1294:1308 high SDS levels 1294:1308 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 9 11 theme non-linear 1587:1596 arg1 effect 1598:1603 the non-linear effect 1583:1603 the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms) 1583:1667 We also demonstrated the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms). 25998901 10 12 theme manufacturing 1713:1725 arg1 process 1727:1733 the manufacturing process 1709:1733 the manufacturing process of cereal products 1709:1752 Hence, optimising both the formula and the manufacturing process of cereal products can improve glucose metabolism, which is recognised as strongly influential on human health. 25998901 4 13 theme partial 770:776 arg1 regressions 791:801 partial least square regressions 770:801 partial least square regressions 770:801 Relationships between the cereal products characteristics and the glycaemic response were analysed by partial least square regressions, followed by modelling. 25998901 8 14 theme glycaemic 1350:1358 arg1 parameters 1369:1378 glycaemic response parameters 1350:1378 glycaemic response parameters 1350:1378 We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. 25998901 1 15 theme blood 234:238 arg1 response 248:255 blood glucose response 234:255 blood glucose response 234:255 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 0 16 theme products 83:90 arg1 characteristics 57:71 characteristics 57:71 characteristics of cereal products 57:90 Postprandial glycaemic response: how is it influenced by characteristics of cereal products? 25998901 4 17 theme cereal 694:699 arg1 characteristics 710:724 the cereal products characteristics 690:724 the cereal products characteristics 690:724 Relationships between the cereal products characteristics and the glycaemic response were analysed by partial least square regressions, followed by modelling. 25998901 1 18 theme glucose 240:246 arg1 response 248:255 blood glucose response 234:255 blood glucose response 234:255 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 4 19 theme square 784:789 arg1 regressions 791:801 partial least square regressions 770:801 partial least square regressions 770:801 Relationships between the cereal products characteristics and the glycaemic response were analysed by partial least square regressions, followed by modelling. 25998901 6 20 theme several 1046:1052 arg1 interactions 1054:1065 several interactions 1046:1065 several interactions involving them 1046:1080 The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeak of glycaemia by 60 %. 25998901 9 21 theme fat 1608:1610 arg1 effect 1598:1603 the non-linear effect 1583:1603 the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms) 1583:1667 We also demonstrated the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms). 25998901 7 22 from low 1216:1218 arg1 products 1254:1261 cereal products 1247:1261 cereal products 1247:1261 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 0 23 theme glycaemic 13:21 arg1 response 23:30 Postprandial glycaemic response 0:30 Postprandial glycaemic response 0:30 Postprandial glycaemic response: how is it influenced by characteristics of cereal products? 25998901 6 24 from model 917:921 arg1 responses 936:944 glycaemic responses 926:944 glycaemic responses 926:944 The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeak of glycaemia by 60 %. 25998901 10 25 theme human 1833:1837 arg1 health 1839:1844 human health 1833:1844 human health 1833:1844 Hence, optimising both the formula and the manufacturing process of cereal products can improve glucose metabolism, which is recognised as strongly influential on human health. 25998901 7 26 theme important 1167:1175 arg1 contributions 1177:1189 important contributions 1167:1189 important contributions to glycaemic response 1167:1211 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 0 27 theme Postprandial 0:11 arg1 response 23:30 Postprandial glycaemic response 0:30 Postprandial glycaemic response 0:30 Postprandial glycaemic response: how is it influenced by characteristics of cereal products? 25998901 8 28 dep digestibility 1425:1437 arg1 interaction 1440:1450 interaction 1440:1450 interaction between SDS and RDS 1440:1470 We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. 25998901 8 29 theme starch 1418:1423 arg1 digestibility 1425:1437 starch digestibility 1418:1437 starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) 1418:1471 We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. 25998901 4 30 theme glycaemic 734:742 arg1 response 744:751 the glycaemic response 730:751 the glycaemic response 730:751 Relationships between the cereal products characteristics and the glycaemic response were analysed by partial least square regressions, followed by modelling. 25998901 2 31 theme product 334:340 arg1 characteristics 342:356 cereal product characteristics 327:356 cereal product characteristics 327:356 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 8 32 theme nutritional 1477:1487 arg1 composition 1489:1499 nutritional composition 1477:1499 nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) 1477:1536 We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. 25998901 1 33 theme Cereal 93:98 arg1 products 100:107 Cereal products 93:107 Cereal products 93:107 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 5 34 used used 907:910 arg2 database 829:836 A database 827:836 A database including 190 cereal products tested by the usual GI methodology 827:901 A database including 190 cereal products tested by the usual GI methodology was used. 25998901 2 35 theme insulinaemic 383:394 arg1 index 396:400 insulinaemic index 383:400 insulinaemic index 383:400 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 6 36 theme digestible 965:974 arg1 SDS 984:986 SDS 984:986 SDS 984:986 The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeak of glycaemia by 60 %. 25998901 6 36 theme digestible 965:974 arg1 starch 976:981 slowly digestible starch 958:981 slowly digestible starch (SDS) 958:987 The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeak of glycaemia by 60 %. 25998901 6 37 theme glycaemia 1129:1137 arg1 glycaemia 1129:1137 glycaemia 1129:1137 glycaemia by 60 % 1129:1145 The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeak of glycaemia by 60 %. 25998901 6 37 theme glycaemia 1129:1137 arg1 Δpeak 1120:1124 Δpeak 1120:1124 Δpeak 1120:1124 The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeak of glycaemia by 60 %. 25998901 6 37 theme glycaemia 1129:1137 arg1 % 1114:1114 53 % 1111:1114 53 % 1111:1114 The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeak of glycaemia by 60 %. 25998901 6 38 theme digestible 998:1007 arg1 starch 1009:1014 rapidly digestible starch 990:1014 rapidly digestible starch (RDS) 990:1020 The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeak of glycaemia by 60 %. 25998901 6 38 theme digestible 998:1007 arg1 RDS 1017:1019 RDS 1017:1019 RDS 1017:1019 The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeak of glycaemia by 60 %. 25998901 5 39 theme GI 888:889 arg1 methodology 891:901 the usual GI methodology 878:901 the usual GI methodology 878:901 A database including 190 cereal products tested by the usual GI methodology was used. 25998901 4 40 theme products 701:708 arg1 characteristics 710:724 the cereal products characteristics 690:724 the cereal products characteristics 690:724 Relationships between the cereal products characteristics and the glycaemic response were analysed by partial least square regressions, followed by modelling. 25998901 9 41 theme fibres 1616:1621 arg1 effect 1598:1603 the non-linear effect 1583:1603 the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms) 1583:1667 We also demonstrated the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms). 25998901 3 42 theme cereal 568:573 arg1 characteristics 584:598 the different cereal products characteristics 554:598 the different cereal products characteristics 554:598 Moreover, interactions between the different cereal products characteristics and glycaemic response parameters were assessed for the first time. 25998901 5 43 theme usual 882:886 arg1 methodology 891:901 the usual GI methodology 878:901 the usual GI methodology 878:901 A database including 190 cereal products tested by the usual GI methodology was used. 25998901 5 44 theme cereal 852:857 arg1 products 859:866 190 cereal products 848:866 190 cereal products tested by the usual GI methodology 848:901 A database including 190 cereal products tested by the usual GI methodology was used. 25998901 2 45 theme glycaemic 435:443 arg1 Δpeak 515:519 Δpeak 515:519 Δpeak 515:519 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 45 theme glycaemic 435:443 arg1 responses 461:469 glycaemic or insulinaemic responses 435:469 glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak) 435:520 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 45 theme glycaemic 435:443 arg1 AUC 484:486 incremental AUC 472:486 incremental AUC 472:486 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 45 theme glycaemic 435:443 arg1 concentration 497:509 maximum concentration 489:509 maximum concentration 489:509 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 9 46 dep fibres 1616:1621 arg1 effect 1636:1641 significant effect 1624:1641 significant effect of their quadratic terms 1624:1666 We also demonstrated the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms). 25998901 3 47 theme products 575:582 arg1 characteristics 584:598 the different cereal products characteristics 554:598 the different cereal products characteristics 554:598 Moreover, interactions between the different cereal products characteristics and glycaemic response parameters were assessed for the first time. 25998901 2 48 dep responses 461:469 arg1 responses 461:469 glycaemic or insulinaemic responses 435:469 glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak) 435:520 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 48 dep responses 461:469 arg1 Δpeak 515:519 Δpeak 515:519 Δpeak 515:519 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 48 dep responses 461:469 arg1 AUC 484:486 incremental AUC 472:486 incremental AUC 472:486 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 48 dep responses 461:469 arg1 concentration 497:509 maximum concentration 489:509 maximum concentration 489:509 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 10 49 theme glucose 1766:1772 arg1 metabolism 1774:1783 glucose metabolism 1766:1783 glucose metabolism 1766:1783 Hence, optimising both the formula and the manufacturing process of cereal products can improve glucose metabolism, which is recognised as strongly influential on human health. 25998901 8 50 theme first 1334:1338 arg1 time 1340:1343 the first time 1330:1343 the first time 1330:1343 We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. 25998901 9 51 theme quadratic 1652:1660 arg1 terms 1662:1666 their quadratic terms 1646:1666 their quadratic terms 1646:1666 We also demonstrated the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms). 25998901 3 52 theme different 558:566 arg1 characteristics 584:598 the different cereal products characteristics 554:598 the different cereal products characteristics 554:598 Moreover, interactions between the different cereal products characteristics and glycaemic response parameters were assessed for the first time. 25998901 2 53 theme analysis 298:305 arg1 objective 280:288 The objective 276:288 The objective of this analysis 276:305 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 6 54 theme glycaemic 926:934 arg1 responses 936:944 glycaemic responses 926:944 glycaemic responses 926:944 The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeak of glycaemia by 60 %. 25998901 9 55 theme terms 1662:1666 arg1 effect 1636:1641 significant effect 1624:1641 significant effect of their quadratic terms 1624:1666 We also demonstrated the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms). 25998901 7 56 theme high 1294:1297 arg1 levels 1303:1308 high SDS levels 1294:1308 high SDS levels 1294:1308 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 3 57 theme glycaemic 604:612 arg1 parameters 623:632 glycaemic response parameters 604:632 glycaemic response parameters 604:632 Moreover, interactions between the different cereal products characteristics and glycaemic response parameters were assessed for the first time. 25998901 1 58 from interaction 165:175 arg1 response 248:255 blood glucose response 234:255 blood glucose response 234:255 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 1 59 theme wide 119:122 arg1 range 124:128 a wide range 117:128 a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI) 117:154 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 1 60 theme different 186:194 arg1 nutrients 196:204 their different nutrients 180:204 their different nutrients 180:204 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 7 61 from products 1254:1261 arg1 low 1216:1218 low 1216:1218 low 1216:1218 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 7 62 theme SDS 1231:1233 arg1 contents 1235:1242 SDS contents 1231:1242 SDS contents 1231:1242 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 3 63 theme response 614:621 arg1 parameters 623:632 glycaemic response parameters 604:632 glycaemic response parameters 604:632 Moreover, interactions between the different cereal products characteristics and glycaemic response parameters were assessed for the first time. 25998901 7 64 contain had 1163:1165 arg1 Fat 1148:1150 Fat 1148:1150 Fat 1148:1150 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 7 64 contain had 1163:1165 arg2 contributions 1177:1189 important contributions 1167:1189 important contributions to glycaemic response 1167:1211 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 7 64 contain had 1163:1165 arg1 fibres 1156:1161 fibres 1156:1161 fibres 1156:1161 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 1 65 theme nutrients 196:204 arg1 interaction 165:175 the interaction 161:175 the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response 161:255 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 2 66 theme incremental 472:482 arg1 responses 461:469 glycaemic or insulinaemic responses 435:469 glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak) 435:520 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 66 theme incremental 472:482 arg1 AUC 484:486 incremental AUC 472:486 incremental AUC 472:486 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 3 67 theme first 656:660 arg1 time 662:665 the first time 652:665 the first time 652:665 Moreover, interactions between the different cereal products characteristics and glycaemic response parameters were assessed for the first time. 25998901 8 68 theme response 1360:1367 arg1 parameters 1369:1378 glycaemic response parameters 1350:1378 glycaemic response parameters 1350:1378 We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. 25998901 7 69 theme cereal 1247:1252 arg1 products 1254:1261 cereal products 1247:1261 cereal products 1247:1261 Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. 25998901 2 70 theme cereal 327:332 arg1 characteristics 342:356 cereal product characteristics 327:356 cereal product characteristics 327:356 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 10 71 dep optimising 1677:1686 arg1 both 1688:1691 both 1688:1691 both 1688:1691 Hence, optimising both the formula and the manufacturing process of cereal products can improve glucose metabolism, which is recognised as strongly influential on human health. 25998901 8 72 theme cereal 1545:1550 arg1 products 1552:1559 the cereal products 1541:1559 the cereal products 1541:1559 We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. 25998901 1 73 theme starch 210:215 arg1 digestibility 217:229 starch digestibility 210:229 starch digestibility 210:229 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 1 74 theme glycaemic 133:141 arg1 GI 152:153 GI 152:153 GI 152:153 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 1 74 theme glycaemic 133:141 arg1 indexes 143:149 glycaemic indexes 133:149 glycaemic indexes (GI) 133:154 Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. 25998901 9 75 theme significant 1624:1634 arg1 effect 1636:1641 significant effect 1624:1641 significant effect of their quadratic terms 1624:1666 We also demonstrated the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms). 25998901 2 76 theme maximum 489:495 arg1 responses 461:469 glycaemic or insulinaemic responses 435:469 glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak) 435:520 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25998901 2 76 theme maximum 489:495 arg1 concentration 497:509 maximum concentration 489:509 maximum concentration 489:509 The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). 25213085 0 0 theme efficient 68:76 arg1 hydrolysis 78:87 efficient hydrolysis 68:87 efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose 68:106 Expression of Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X in E. coli for efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose. 25213085 2 1 theme isopropyl 416:424 arg1 β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside 426:452 isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside 416:452 isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside 416:452 The recombinant exo-xylanase reached 186 mg l(-1) after induction by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. 25213085 1 2 theme punctata 139:146 arg1 ME-1 148:151 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 129:151 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 129:151 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 4 3 with max 603:605 arg1 m 577:577 K m 575:577 K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) 575:595 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 6 4 from xylan 991:995 arg1 l 959:959 330 mg l(-1) 952:963 330 mg l(-1) 952:963 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 4 from xylan 991:995 arg1 xylose 969:974 xylose 969:974 xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 969:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 4 from xylan 991:995 arg1 amount 944:949 a larger amount 935:949 a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 935:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 3 5 theme optimal 459:465 arg1 temperature 467:477 Its optimal temperature 455:477 Its optimal temperature 455:477 Its optimal temperature and pH were 50 °C and 6, respectively. 25213085 6 6 theme xylan 1168:1172 arg1 hydrolysis 1144:1153 the hydrolysis 1140:1153 the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose 1140:1195 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 1 7 from composition 334:344 arg1 prediction 303:312 the prediction 299:312 the prediction from its amino acid composition 299:344 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 0 8 from Expression 0:9 arg1 coli 59:62 E. coli 56:62 E. coli for efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose 56:106 Expression of Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X in E. coli for efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose. 25213085 1 9 from ME-1 148:151 arg1 X 122:122 exo-Xylanase X 109:122 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 109:151 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 6 10 theme endo-xylanase 893:905 arg1 mixture 865:871 An enzyme mixture 855:871 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) 855:925 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 4 11 with activity 709:716 arg1 m 577:577 K m 575:577 K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) 575:595 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 6 12 theme beechwood 981:989 arg1 xylan 991:995 beechwood xylan 981:995 beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 981:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 13 theme mg 1028:1029 arg1 controls 1006:1013 the controls 1002:1013 the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them 1002:1047 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 13 theme mg 1028:1029 arg1 l 1031:1031 270 and 150 mg l(-1) 1016:1035 270 and 150 mg l(-1) 1016:1035 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 14 theme exo-xylanase 876:887 arg1 mixture 865:871 An enzyme mixture 855:871 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) 855:925 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 0 15 theme xylan 92:96 arg1 hydrolysis 78:87 efficient hydrolysis 68:87 efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose 68:106 Expression of Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X in E. coli for efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose. 25213085 6 16 theme larger 937:942 arg1 l 959:959 330 mg l(-1) 952:963 330 mg l(-1) 952:963 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 16 theme larger 937:942 arg1 xylose 969:974 xylose 969:974 xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 969:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 16 theme larger 937:942 arg1 amount 944:949 a larger amount 935:949 a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 935:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 17 dep endo-xylanase 893:905 arg1 ml 914:915 50 μg ml(-1) 908:919 50 μg ml(-1) each 908:924 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 4 18 theme U 724:724 arg1 activity 709:716 a considerable exo-glucanase activity 680:716 a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) 680:732 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 18 theme U 724:724 arg1 mg 726:727 27.9 U mg(-1) 719:731 27.9 U mg(-1) 719:731 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 6 19 dep ml 914:915 arg1 each 921:924 each 921:924 each 921:924 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 4 20 theme ml 590:591 arg1 m 577:577 K m 575:577 K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) 575:595 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 21 theme U 615:615 arg1 max 603:605 V max 601:605 V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan 601:669 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 21 theme U 615:615 arg1 activity 561:568 an exo-xylanase activity 545:568 an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) 545:595 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 21 theme U 615:615 arg1 activity 709:716 a considerable exo-glucanase activity 680:716 a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) 680:732 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 21 theme U 615:615 arg1 mg 726:727 27.9 U mg(-1) 719:731 27.9 U mg(-1) 719:731 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 22 theme mg 587:588 arg1 -1 593:594 -1 593:594 -1 593:594 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 22 theme mg 587:588 arg1 ml 590:591 3.90 mg ml 582:591 3.90 mg ml(-1) 582:595 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 0 23 theme punctata 24:31 arg1 X 51:51 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X 14:51 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X 14:51 Expression of Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X in E. coli for efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose. 25213085 1 24 theme molecular 243:251 arg1 mass 253:256 a molecular mass 241:256 a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition 241:344 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 6 25 theme mg 956:957 arg1 l 959:959 330 mg l(-1) 952:963 330 mg l(-1) 952:963 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 25 theme mg 956:957 arg1 xylose 969:974 xylose 969:974 xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 969:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 25 theme mg 956:957 arg1 amount 944:949 a larger amount 935:949 a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 935:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 0 26 theme Aeromonas 14:22 arg1 X 51:51 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X 14:51 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X 14:51 Expression of Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X in E. coli for efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose. 25213085 6 27 from ml 1065:1066 arg1 xylan 991:995 beechwood xylan 981:995 beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 981:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 28 theme μg 1062:1063 arg1 -1 1068:1069 -1 1068:1069 -1 1068:1069 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 28 theme μg 1062:1063 arg1 ml 1065:1066 100 μg ml 1058:1066 100 μg ml(-1) 1058:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 1 29 theme amino 323:327 arg1 composition 334:344 its amino acid composition 319:344 its amino acid composition 319:344 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 0 30 theme exo-xylanase 38:49 arg1 X 51:51 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X 14:51 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X 14:51 Expression of Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X in E. coli for efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose. 25213085 6 31 theme beechwood 1158:1166 arg1 xylan 1168:1172 beechwood xylan 1158:1172 beechwood xylan to release more xylose 1158:1195 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 1 32 theme acid 329:332 arg1 composition 334:344 its amino acid composition 319:344 its amino acid composition 319:344 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 6 33 theme μg 911:912 arg1 ml 914:915 50 μg ml(-1) 908:919 50 μg ml(-1) each 908:924 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 2 34 theme recombinant 351:361 arg1 exo-xylanase 363:374 The recombinant exo-xylanase 347:374 The recombinant exo-xylanase 347:374 The recombinant exo-xylanase reached 186 mg l(-1) after induction by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. 25213085 0 35 theme ME-1 33:36 arg1 X 51:51 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X 14:51 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X 14:51 Expression of Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X in E. coli for efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose. 25213085 2 36 theme mg 388:389 arg1 l 391:391 186 mg l 384:391 186 mg l(-1) 384:395 The recombinant exo-xylanase reached 186 mg l(-1) after induction by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. 25213085 2 36 theme mg 388:389 arg1 -1 393:394 -1 393:394 -1 393:394 The recombinant exo-xylanase reached 186 mg l(-1) after induction by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. 25213085 6 37 dep xylan 1168:1172 arg1 release 1177:1183 release 1177:1183 to release more xylose 1174:1195 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 4 38 theme K 575:575 arg1 m 577:577 K m 575:577 K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) 575:595 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 1 39 theme kDa 267:269 arg1 mass 253:256 a molecular mass 241:256 a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition 241:344 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 1 39 theme kDa 267:269 arg1 6× 233:234 6× 233:234 6× 233:234 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 1 39 theme kDa 267:269 arg1 tag 228:230 a carboxy terminal His tag 205:230 a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) 205:235 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 4 40 theme exo-glucanase 695:707 arg1 activity 709:716 a considerable exo-glucanase activity 680:716 a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) 680:732 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 40 theme exo-glucanase 695:707 arg1 mg 726:727 27.9 U mg(-1) 719:731 27.9 U mg(-1) 719:731 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 0 41 theme X 51:51 arg1 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression of Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X in E. coli for efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose. 0:107 Expression of Aeromonas punctata ME-1 exo-xylanase X in E. coli for efficient hydrolysis of xylan to xylose. 25213085 4 42 theme considerable 682:693 arg1 activity 709:716 a considerable exo-glucanase activity 680:716 a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) 680:732 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 42 theme considerable 682:693 arg1 mg 726:727 27.9 U mg(-1) 719:731 27.9 U mg(-1) 719:731 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 43 theme V 601:601 arg1 max 603:605 V max 601:605 V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan 601:669 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 6 44 theme xylose 969:974 arg1 l 959:959 330 mg l(-1) 952:963 330 mg l(-1) 952:963 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 44 theme xylose 969:974 arg1 xylose 969:974 xylose 969:974 xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 969:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 6 44 theme xylose 969:974 arg1 amount 944:949 a larger amount 935:949 a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 935:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 4 45 theme Brilliant 650:658 arg1 Blue-xylan 660:669 Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan 642:669 Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan 642:669 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 6 46 from amount 944:949 arg1 xylan 991:995 beechwood xylan 981:995 beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1) 981:1070 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 1 47 theme exo-Xylanase 109:120 arg1 X 122:122 exo-Xylanase X 109:122 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 109:151 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 1 48 theme carboxy 207:213 arg1 6× 233:234 6× 233:234 6× 233:234 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 1 48 theme carboxy 207:213 arg1 tag 228:230 a carboxy terminal His tag 205:230 a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) 205:235 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 4 49 theme P-nitrophenyl 737:749 arg1 β-D-cellobioside 751:766 P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside 737:766 P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside 737:766 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 50 theme Remazol 642:648 arg1 Blue-xylan 660:669 Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan 642:669 Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan 642:669 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 1 51 theme terminal 215:222 arg1 6× 233:234 6× 233:234 6× 233:234 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 1 51 theme terminal 215:222 arg1 tag 228:230 a carboxy terminal His tag 205:230 a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) 205:235 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 4 52 with activity 561:568 arg1 m 577:577 K m 575:577 K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) 575:595 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 4 53 theme exo-xylanase 548:559 arg1 activity 561:568 an exo-xylanase activity 545:568 an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) 545:595 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 1 54 theme His 224:226 arg1 6× 233:234 6× 233:234 6× 233:234 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 1 54 theme His 224:226 arg1 tag 228:230 a carboxy terminal His tag 205:230 a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) 205:235 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 6 55 theme synergistic 1086:1096 arg1 action 1098:1103 a synergistic action 1084:1103 a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose 1084:1195 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 25213085 4 56 theme Blue-xylan 660:669 arg1 hydrolysis 628:637 hydrolysis 628:637 hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan 628:669 The enzyme showed not only an exo-xylanase activity with K m of 3.90 mg ml(-1) and V max of 12.9 U μg(-1) for hydrolysis of Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan but also a considerable exo-glucanase activity (27.9 U mg(-1)) on P-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside. 25213085 1 57 theme Aeromonas 129:137 arg1 ME-1 148:151 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 129:151 Aeromonas punctata ME-1 129:151 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 1 58 with agreement 284:292 arg1 prediction 303:312 the prediction 299:312 the prediction from its amino acid composition 299:344 exo-Xylanase X from Aeromonas punctata ME-1 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxy terminal His tag (6×) and a molecular mass of 39.42 kDa, which is in agreement with the prediction from its amino acid composition. 25213085 6 59 theme enzyme 858:863 arg1 mixture 865:871 An enzyme mixture 855:871 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) 855:925 An enzyme mixture of exo-xylanase and endo-xylanase (50 μg ml(-1) each) yielded a larger amount (330 mg l(-1)) of xylose from beechwood xylan than the controls (270 and 150 mg l(-1)) using them alone at 100 μg ml(-1), indicating a synergistic action between the two xylanases favoring the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to release more xylose. 27283645 2 0 theme reference 520:528 arg1 methods 530:536 traditional reference methods 508:536 traditional reference methods 508:536 In this study, 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors were characterized and quantified for their anthocyanin, phenolics and sugar content using traditional reference methods. 27283645 1 1 theme potato 172:177 arg1 varieties 179:187 potato varieties 172:187 potato varieties 172:187 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 4 2 theme strong 805:810 arg1 coefficients 831:842 strong linear correlation coefficients 805:842 strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 805:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 2 3 theme traditional 508:518 arg1 methods 530:536 traditional reference methods 508:536 traditional reference methods 508:536 In this study, 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors were characterized and quantified for their anthocyanin, phenolics and sugar content using traditional reference methods. 27283645 4 4 theme prediction 893:902 arg1 error 884:888 standard error 875:888 standard error 875:888 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 4 4 theme prediction 893:902 arg1 >0.91 865:869 prediction (rPred)>0.91 847:869 prediction (rPred)>0.91 847:869 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 4 5 theme 0.12g/100g 997:1006 arg1 sucrose 1008:1014 0.12g/100g sucrose 997:1014 0.12g/100g sucrose 997:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 1 6 theme varieties 179:187 arg1 selection 159:167 Efficient selection 149:167 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality 149:221 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 0 7 theme mid-infrared 96:107 arg1 spectroscopy 109:120 portable mid-infrared spectroscopy 87:120 portable mid-infrared spectroscopy 87:120 Improving the screening of potato breeding lines for specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. 27283645 4 8 theme correlation 819:829 arg1 coefficients 831:842 strong linear correlation coefficients 805:842 strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 805:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 1 9 with selection 159:167 arg1 quality 215:221 enhanced nutritional quality 194:221 enhanced nutritional quality 194:221 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 4 10 theme >0.91 865:869 arg1 coefficients 831:842 strong linear correlation coefficients 805:842 strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 805:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 3 11 theme potato 564:569 arg1 extracts 571:578 potato extracts 564:578 potato extracts 564:578 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 5 12 theme portable 1026:1033 arg1 system 1044:1049 portable infrared system 1026:1049 portable infrared system with PLSR 1026:1059 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 1 13 theme tuber 285:289 arg1 composition 300:310 tuber chemical composition 285:310 tuber chemical composition information 285:322 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 0 14 theme portable 87:94 arg1 spectroscopy 109:120 portable mid-infrared spectroscopy 87:120 portable mid-infrared spectroscopy 87:120 Improving the screening of potato breeding lines for specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. 27283645 3 15 theme extracts 571:578 arg1 spectra 553:559 IR (infrared) spectra 539:559 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts 539:578 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 3 16 theme IR 539:540 arg1 spectra 553:559 IR (infrared) spectra 539:559 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts 539:578 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 1 17 theme chemical 291:298 arg1 composition 300:310 tuber chemical composition 285:310 tuber chemical composition information 285:322 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 5 18 theme crop 1137:1140 arg1 management 1142:1151 crop management 1137:1151 crop management 1137:1151 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 4 19 theme standard 875:882 arg1 error 884:888 standard error 875:888 standard error 875:888 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 4 20 theme linear 812:817 arg1 coefficients 831:842 strong linear correlation coefficients 805:842 strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 805:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 2 21 theme different 400:408 arg1 colors 410:415 different colors 400:415 different colors 400:415 In this study, 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors were characterized and quantified for their anthocyanin, phenolics and sugar content using traditional reference methods. 27283645 4 22 theme 7mg/100g 934:941 arg1 anthocyanins 953:964 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins 934:964 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins 934:964 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 4 23 theme sugars 986:991 arg1 SEP 905:907 SEP 905:907 SEP 905:907 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 4 23 theme sugars 986:991 arg1 prediction 893:902 prediction 893:902 prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 893:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 5 24 theme management 1142:1151 arg1 selection 1163:1171 material selection 1154:1171 material selection for potato processing and related research 1154:1214 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 5 24 theme management 1142:1151 arg1 breeding 1105:1112 potato breeding 1098:1112 potato breeding 1098:1112 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 5 24 theme management 1142:1151 arg1 aspects 1126:1132 certain aspects 1118:1132 certain aspects of crop management 1118:1151 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 2 25 theme Andean 343:348 arg1 samples 364:370 75 Andean native potato samples 340:370 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors 340:415 In this study, 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors were characterized and quantified for their anthocyanin, phenolics and sugar content using traditional reference methods. 27283645 1 26 theme enhanced 194:201 arg1 quality 215:221 enhanced nutritional quality 194:221 enhanced nutritional quality 194:221 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 4 27 theme sucrose 1008:1014 arg1 SEP 905:907 SEP 905:907 SEP 905:907 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 4 27 theme sucrose 1008:1014 arg1 prediction 893:902 prediction 893:902 prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 893:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 1 28 theme nutritional 203:213 arg1 quality 215:221 enhanced nutritional quality 194:221 enhanced nutritional quality 194:221 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 1 29 theme composition 300:310 arg1 information 312:322 tuber chemical composition information 285:322 tuber chemical composition information 285:322 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 4 30 theme error 884:888 arg1 coefficients 831:842 strong linear correlation coefficients 805:842 strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 805:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 2 31 from species 387:393 arg1 samples 364:370 75 Andean native potato samples 340:370 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors 340:415 In this study, 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors were characterized and quantified for their anthocyanin, phenolics and sugar content using traditional reference methods. 27283645 4 32 theme prediction 847:856 arg1 >0.91 865:869 prediction (rPred)>0.91 847:869 prediction (rPred)>0.91 847:869 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 4 33 theme monomeric 943:951 arg1 anthocyanins 953:964 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins 934:964 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins 934:964 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 5 34 theme great 1068:1072 arg1 potential 1074:1082 great potential 1068:1082 great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models 1068:1257 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 4 35 theme sample 787:792 arg1 set 794:796 an independent sample set 772:796 an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 772:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 5 36 theme alternative 1229:1239 arg1 models 1252:1257 alternative prediction models 1229:1257 alternative prediction models 1229:1257 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 0 37 theme multivariate 126:137 arg1 analysis 139:146 multivariate analysis 126:146 multivariate analysis 126:146 Improving the screening of potato breeding lines for specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. 27283645 4 38 theme independent 775:785 arg1 set 794:796 an independent sample set 772:796 an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 772:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 1 39 theme simple 232:237 arg1 assays 268:273 simple, accurate and cost effective assays 232:273 simple, accurate and cost effective assays 232:273 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 0 40 theme breeding 34:41 arg1 lines 43:47 potato breeding lines 27:47 potato breeding lines 27:47 Improving the screening of potato breeding lines for specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. 27283645 5 41 theme prediction 1241:1250 arg1 models 1252:1257 alternative prediction models 1229:1257 alternative prediction models 1229:1257 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 3 42 theme calibration 672:682 arg1 models 684:689 partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models 632:689 partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models 632:689 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 4 43 theme rPred 859:863 arg1 >0.91 865:869 prediction (rPred)>0.91 847:869 prediction (rPred)>0.91 847:869 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 0 44 theme potato 27:32 arg1 lines 43:47 potato breeding lines 27:47 potato breeding lines 27:47 Improving the screening of potato breeding lines for specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. 27283645 4 45 theme anthocyanins 953:964 arg1 SEP 905:907 SEP 905:907 SEP 905:907 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 4 45 theme anthocyanins 953:964 arg1 prediction 893:902 prediction 893:902 prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 893:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 5 46 theme certain 1118:1124 arg1 aspects 1126:1132 certain aspects 1118:1132 certain aspects of crop management 1118:1151 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 1 47 theme accurate 240:247 arg1 assays 268:273 simple, accurate and cost effective assays 232:273 simple, accurate and cost effective assays 232:273 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 2 48 theme sugar 488:492 arg1 content 494:500 sugar content 488:500 sugar content 488:500 In this study, 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors were characterized and quantified for their anthocyanin, phenolics and sugar content using traditional reference methods. 27283645 4 49 theme reducing 977:984 arg1 sugars 986:991 0.1g/100g reducing sugars 967:991 0.1g/100g reducing sugars 967:991 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 4 50 theme 24mg/100g 913:921 arg1 phenolics 923:931 24mg/100g phenolics 913:931 24mg/100g phenolics 913:931 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 3 51 theme PLSR 666:669 arg1 models 684:689 partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models 632:689 partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models 632:689 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 3 52 theme portable 603:610 arg1 system 621:626 a portable infrared system 601:626 a portable infrared system 601:626 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 0 53 theme lines 43:47 arg1 screening 14:22 the screening 10:22 the screening of potato breeding lines for specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis 10:146 Improving the screening of potato breeding lines for specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. 27283645 5 54 theme related 1199:1205 arg1 research 1207:1214 related research 1199:1214 related research 1199:1214 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 3 55 theme infrared 612:619 arg1 system 621:626 a portable infrared system 601:626 a portable infrared system 601:626 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 2 56 theme potato 357:362 arg1 samples 364:370 75 Andean native potato samples 340:370 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors 340:415 In this study, 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors were characterized and quantified for their anthocyanin, phenolics and sugar content using traditional reference methods. 27283645 5 57 with system 1044:1049 arg1 PLSR 1056:1059 PLSR 1056:1059 PLSR 1056:1059 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 3 58 theme squares 646:652 arg1 models 684:689 partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models 632:689 partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models 632:689 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 2 59 theme native 350:355 arg1 samples 364:370 75 Andean native potato samples 340:370 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors 340:415 In this study, 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors were characterized and quantified for their anthocyanin, phenolics and sugar content using traditional reference methods. 27283645 5 60 theme potato 1177:1182 arg1 processing 1184:1193 potato processing 1177:1193 potato processing 1177:1193 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 4 61 theme phenolics 923:931 arg1 SEP 905:907 SEP 905:907 SEP 905:907 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 4 61 theme phenolics 923:931 arg1 prediction 893:902 prediction 893:902 prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose 893:1014 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 2 62 with species 387:393 arg1 colors 410:415 different colors 400:415 different colors 400:415 In this study, 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors were characterized and quantified for their anthocyanin, phenolics and sugar content using traditional reference methods. 27283645 3 63 theme regression 654:663 arg1 models 684:689 partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models 632:689 partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models 632:689 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 1 64 theme Efficient 149:157 arg1 selection 159:167 Efficient selection 149:167 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality 149:221 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 4 65 theme full 746:749 arg1 cross-validation 751:766 full cross-validation 746:766 full cross-validation 746:766 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 27283645 0 66 theme nutritional 62:72 arg1 traits 74:79 specific nutritional traits 53:79 specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis 53:146 Improving the screening of potato breeding lines for specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. 27283645 5 67 theme potato 1098:1103 arg1 breeding 1105:1112 potato breeding 1098:1112 potato breeding 1098:1112 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 3 68 theme partial 632:638 arg1 squares 646:652 partial least squares 632:652 partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models 632:689 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 3 69 theme infrared 543:550 arg1 spectra 553:559 IR (infrared) spectra 539:559 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts 539:578 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 5 70 theme infrared 1035:1042 arg1 system 1044:1049 portable infrared system 1026:1049 portable infrared system with PLSR 1026:1059 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 1 71 theme effective 258:266 arg1 assays 268:273 simple, accurate and cost effective assays 232:273 simple, accurate and cost effective assays 232:273 Efficient selection of potato varieties with enhanced nutritional quality requires simple, accurate and cost effective assays to obtain tuber chemical composition information. 27283645 0 72 theme specific 53:60 arg1 traits 74:79 specific nutritional traits 53:79 specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis 53:146 Improving the screening of potato breeding lines for specific nutritional traits using portable mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. 27283645 5 73 theme material 1154:1161 arg1 selection 1163:1171 material selection 1154:1171 material selection for potato processing and related research 1154:1214 Overall, portable infrared system with PLSR showed great potential to facilitate potato breeding and certain aspects of crop management, material selection for potato processing and related research by providing alternative prediction models. 27283645 3 74 theme least 640:644 arg1 squares 646:652 partial least squares 632:652 partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models 632:689 IR (infrared) spectra of potato extracts were collected using a portable infrared system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models were developed. 27283645 2 75 theme Solanum 379:385 arg1 species 387:393 7 Solanum species 377:393 7 Solanum species with different colors 377:415 In this study, 75 Andean native potato samples from 7 Solanum species with different colors were characterized and quantified for their anthocyanin, phenolics and sugar content using traditional reference methods. 27283645 4 76 theme 0.1g/100g 967:975 arg1 sugars 986:991 0.1g/100g reducing sugars 967:991 0.1g/100g reducing sugars 967:991 These models were validated using both full cross-validation and an independent sample set giving strong linear correlation coefficients of prediction (rPred)>0.91 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 24mg/100g phenolics, 7mg/100g monomeric anthocyanins, 0.1g/100g reducing sugars and 0.12g/100g sucrose. 25667936 0 0 theme seed 66:69 arg1 dynamics 85:92 seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics 66:92 seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics 66:92 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 3 1 theme foliar 588:593 arg1 B 595:595 foliar B 588:595 foliar B (WS + B) 588:604 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 8 2 dep carbon 1182:1187 arg1 pathways 1202:1209 pathways 1202:1209 pathways 1202:1209 Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. 25667936 9 3 theme use 1350:1352 arg1 N 1364:1364 use (15)N/(14)N 1350:1364 use (15)N/(14)N 1350:1364 This research is beneficial to growers for fertilizer management and seed quality and to breeders to use (15)N/(14)N and (13)C/(12)C ratios and stachyose to select for drought tolerance soybean. 25667936 3 4 dep B 595:595 arg1 B 603:603 B 603:603 B 603:603 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 3 4 dep B 595:595 arg1 WS 598:599 WS 598:599 WS 598:599 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 1 5 theme fatty 286:290 arg1 acids 292:296 fatty acids 286:296 fatty acids 286:296 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 3 6 with well-watered 447:458 arg1 B 482:482 W - B 478:482 W - B 478:482 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 3 6 with well-watered 447:458 arg1 B 475:475 no foliar B 465:475 no foliar B (W - B) 465:483 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 8 7 theme physiological 1143:1155 arg1 changes 1171:1177 possible physiological and metabolic changes 1134:1177 possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways 1134:1209 Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. 25667936 5 8 theme B 804:804 arg1 treatment 806:814 B treatment 804:814 B treatment 804:814 The results showed that seed protein, sucrose, fructose, and glucose were higher in W + B treatment than in W - B, WS + B, and WS - B. 25667936 3 9 with well-watered 486:497 arg1 B 511:511 foliar B 504:511 foliar B (W + B) 504:519 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 0 10 from Effects 0:6 arg1 composition 104:114 seed composition 99:114 seed composition 99:114 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 0 10 from Effects 0:6 arg1 fixation 56:63 nitrogen fixation 47:63 nitrogen fixation 47:63 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 0 10 from Effects 0:6 arg1 dynamics 85:92 seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics 66:92 seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics 66:92 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 3 11 dep B 552:552 arg1 B 560:560 B 560:560 B 560:560 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 3 11 dep B 552:552 arg1 WS 555:556 WS 555:556 WS 555:556 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 0 12 theme δ15N 71:74 arg1 dynamics 85:92 seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics 66:92 seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics 66:92 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 7 13 theme δ 1072:1072 arg1 N 1078:1078 δ (15)N 1072:1078 δ (15)N 1072:1078 Foliar B resulted in higher nitrogen fixation and water stress resulted in seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration. 25667936 5 14 theme seed 740:743 arg1 protein 745:751 seed protein 740:751 seed protein 740:751 The results showed that seed protein, sucrose, fructose, and glucose were higher in W + B treatment than in W - B, WS + B, and WS - B. 25667936 9 15 dep C/ 1374:1375 arg1 12 1377:1378 12 1377:1378 12 1377:1378 This research is beneficial to growers for fertilizer management and seed quality and to breeders to use (15)N/(14)N and (13)C/(12)C ratios and stachyose to select for drought tolerance soybean. 25667936 3 16 theme W 478:478 arg1 B 482:482 W - B 478:482 W - B 478:482 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 3 16 theme W 478:478 arg1 B 475:475 no foliar B 465:475 no foliar B (W - B) 465:483 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 6 17 from increase 855:862 arg1 B 882:882 B 882:882 B 882:882 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 25667936 6 17 from increase 855:862 arg1 W 878:878 W 878:878 W 878:878 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 25667936 6 17 from increase 855:862 arg1 protein 867:873 protein 867:873 protein 867:873 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 25667936 8 18 theme possible 1134:1141 arg1 changes 1171:1177 possible physiological and metabolic changes 1134:1177 possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways 1134:1209 Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. 25667936 6 19 theme lower 970:974 arg1 acid 986:989 lower linolenic acid 970:989 lower linolenic acid 970:989 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 25667936 4 20 theme · 647:647 arg1 ha 649:650 0.45 kg · ha 639:650 0.45 kg · ha(-1) 639:654 Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg · ha(-1) and was applied twice at flowering and at seed-fill stages. 25667936 4 20 theme · 647:647 arg1 -1 652:653 -1 652:653 -1 652:653 Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg · ha(-1) and was applied twice at flowering and at seed-fill stages. 25667936 3 21 theme foliar 468:473 arg1 B 482:482 W - B 478:482 W - B 478:482 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 3 21 theme foliar 468:473 arg1 B 475:475 no foliar B 465:475 no foliar B (W - B) 465:483 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 3 22 with water-stressed 568:581 arg1 B 595:595 foliar B 588:595 foliar B (WS + B) 588:604 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 4 23 theme seed-fill 698:706 arg1 stages 708:713 seed-fill stages 698:713 seed-fill stages 698:713 Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg · ha(-1) and was applied twice at flowering and at seed-fill stages. 25667936 0 24 theme δ13C 80:83 arg1 dynamics 85:92 seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics 66:92 seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics 66:92 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 8 25 theme Increased 1104:1112 arg1 stachyose 1114:1122 Increased stachyose 1104:1122 Increased stachyose 1104:1122 Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. 25667936 2 26 theme MG 420:421 arg1 cultivars 424:432 different maturity group (MG) cultivars 394:432 different maturity group (MG) cultivars 394:432 A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted using different maturity group (MG) cultivars. 25667936 6 27 from increase 920:927 arg1 B 946:946 B 946:946 B 946:946 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 25667936 6 27 from increase 920:927 arg1 WS 941:942 WS 941:942 WS 941:942 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 25667936 6 27 from increase 920:927 arg1 WS 951:952 WS 951:952 WS 951:952 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 25667936 2 28 theme different 394:402 arg1 cultivars 424:432 different maturity group (MG) cultivars 394:432 different maturity group (MG) cultivars 394:432 A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted using different maturity group (MG) cultivars. 25667936 7 29 theme seed 1067:1070 arg1 alteration 1092:1101 seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration 1067:1101 seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration 1067:1101 Foliar B resulted in higher nitrogen fixation and water stress resulted in seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration. 25667936 7 30 theme nitrogen 1020:1027 arg1 fixation 1029:1036 higher nitrogen fixation 1013:1036 higher nitrogen fixation 1013:1036 Foliar B resulted in higher nitrogen fixation and water stress resulted in seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration. 25667936 9 31 theme drought 1417:1423 arg1 soybean 1435:1441 drought tolerance soybean 1417:1441 drought tolerance soybean 1417:1441 This research is beneficial to growers for fertilizer management and seed quality and to breeders to use (15)N/(14)N and (13)C/(12)C ratios and stachyose to select for drought tolerance soybean. 25667936 4 32 theme ha 649:650 arg1 rate 631:634 rate 631:634 rate of 0.45 kg · ha(-1) 631:654 Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg · ha(-1) and was applied twice at flowering and at seed-fill stages. 25667936 9 33 theme tolerance 1425:1433 arg1 soybean 1435:1441 drought tolerance soybean 1417:1441 drought tolerance soybean 1417:1441 This research is beneficial to growers for fertilizer management and seed quality and to breeders to use (15)N/(14)N and (13)C/(12)C ratios and stachyose to select for drought tolerance soybean. 25667936 3 34 dep B 511:511 arg1 W 514:514 W 514:514 W 514:514 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 3 34 dep B 511:511 arg1 B 518:518 B 518:518 B 518:518 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 0 35 theme nutrition 17:25 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 0:160 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 1 36 theme foliar 245:250 arg1 nutrition 254:262 foliar B nutrition 245:262 foliar B nutrition 245:262 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 7 37 theme Foliar 992:997 arg1 B 999:999 Foliar B 992:999 Foliar B 992:999 Foliar B resulted in higher nitrogen fixation and water stress resulted in seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration. 25667936 6 38 theme seed 902:905 arg1 oil 907:909 lower seed oil 896:909 lower seed oil 896:909 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 25667936 0 39 theme boron 11:15 arg1 nutrition 17:25 boron nutrition 11:25 boron nutrition 11:25 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 1 40 theme B 252:252 arg1 nutrition 254:262 foliar B nutrition 245:262 foliar B nutrition 245:262 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 1 41 from effects 234:240 arg1 sugars 303:308 sugars 303:308 sugars 303:308 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 1 41 from effects 234:240 arg1 oil 281:283 oil 281:283 oil 281:283 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 1 41 from effects 234:240 arg1 acids 292:296 fatty acids 286:296 fatty acids 286:296 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 1 41 from effects 234:240 arg1 protein 272:278 seed protein 267:278 seed protein 267:278 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 1 42 theme water 316:320 arg1 conditions 329:338 water stress conditions 316:338 water stress conditions 316:338 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 7 43 theme higher 1013:1018 arg1 fixation 1029:1036 higher nitrogen fixation 1013:1036 higher nitrogen fixation 1013:1036 Foliar B resulted in higher nitrogen fixation and water stress resulted in seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration. 25667936 3 44 with water-stressed 522:535 arg1 B 552:552 no foliar B 542:552 no foliar B (WS - B) 542:561 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 2 45 theme greenhouse 352:361 arg1 experiment 363:372 A repeated greenhouse experiment 341:372 A repeated greenhouse experiment 341:372 A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted using different maturity group (MG) cultivars. 25667936 0 46 theme water 31:35 arg1 stress 37:42 water stress 31:42 water stress 31:42 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 1 47 theme nutrition 254:262 arg1 effects 234:240 the effects 230:240 the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars 230:308 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 9 48 theme fertilizer 1292:1301 arg1 management 1303:1312 fertilizer management 1292:1312 fertilizer management 1292:1312 This research is beneficial to growers for fertilizer management and seed quality and to breeders to use (15)N/(14)N and (13)C/(12)C ratios and stachyose to select for drought tolerance soybean. 25667936 1 49 theme stress 322:327 arg1 conditions 329:338 water stress conditions 316:338 water stress conditions 316:338 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 3 50 theme foliar 504:509 arg1 B 511:511 foliar B 504:511 foliar B (W + B) 504:519 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 2 51 theme repeated 343:350 arg1 experiment 363:372 A repeated greenhouse experiment 341:372 A repeated greenhouse experiment 341:372 A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted using different maturity group (MG) cultivars. 25667936 8 52 from changes 1171:1177 arg1 nitrogen 1193:1200 nitrogen 1193:1200 nitrogen 1193:1200 Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. 25667936 8 52 from changes 1171:1177 arg1 carbon 1182:1187 carbon 1182:1187 carbon 1182:1187 Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. 25667936 8 53 theme metabolic 1161:1169 arg1 changes 1171:1177 possible physiological and metabolic changes 1134:1177 possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways 1134:1209 Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. 25667936 0 54 theme seed 99:102 arg1 composition 104:114 seed composition 99:114 seed composition 99:114 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 0 55 from fixation 56:63 arg1 cultivars 127:135 soybean cultivars 119:135 soybean cultivars differing in maturities 119:159 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 6 56 theme lower 896:900 arg1 oil 907:909 lower seed oil 896:909 lower seed oil 896:909 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 25667936 9 57 theme N/ 1358:1359 arg1 N 1364:1364 use (15)N/(14)N 1350:1364 use (15)N/(14)N 1350:1364 This research is beneficial to growers for fertilizer management and seed quality and to breeders to use (15)N/(14)N and (13)C/(12)C ratios and stachyose to select for drought tolerance soybean. 25667936 2 58 theme group 413:417 arg1 cultivars 424:432 different maturity group (MG) cultivars 394:432 different maturity group (MG) cultivars 394:432 A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted using different maturity group (MG) cultivars. 25667936 1 59 theme seed 267:270 arg1 protein 272:278 seed protein 267:278 seed protein 267:278 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 0 60 theme soybean 119:125 arg1 cultivars 127:135 soybean cultivars 119:135 soybean cultivars differing in maturities 119:159 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 4 61 theme 0.45 639:642 arg1 kg 644:645 kg 644:645 kg 644:645 Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg · ha(-1) and was applied twice at flowering and at seed-fill stages. 25667936 0 62 theme stress 37:42 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 0:160 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 8 63 from sources 1221:1227 arg1 nitrogen 1193:1200 nitrogen 1193:1200 nitrogen 1193:1200 Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. 25667936 8 63 from sources 1221:1227 arg1 carbon 1182:1187 carbon 1182:1187 carbon 1182:1187 Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. 25667936 0 64 from dynamics 85:92 arg1 cultivars 127:135 soybean cultivars 119:135 soybean cultivars differing in maturities 119:159 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 4 65 theme kg 644:645 arg1 ha 649:650 0.45 kg · ha 639:650 0.45 kg · ha(-1) 639:654 Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg · ha(-1) and was applied twice at flowering and at seed-fill stages. 25667936 4 65 theme kg 644:645 arg1 -1 652:653 -1 652:653 -1 652:653 Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg · ha(-1) and was applied twice at flowering and at seed-fill stages. 25667936 7 66 theme C 1090:1090 arg1 alteration 1092:1101 seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration 1067:1101 seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration 1067:1101 Foliar B resulted in higher nitrogen fixation and water stress resulted in seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration. 25667936 9 67 theme C/ 1374:1375 arg1 ratios 1382:1387 (13)C/(12)C ratios 1370:1387 (13)C/(12)C ratios 1370:1387 This research is beneficial to growers for fertilizer management and seed quality and to breeders to use (15)N/(14)N and (13)C/(12)C ratios and stachyose to select for drought tolerance soybean. 25667936 6 68 theme oleic 932:936 arg1 increase 920:927 the increase 916:927 the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B 916:956 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 25667936 9 69 theme seed 1318:1321 arg1 quality 1323:1329 seed quality 1318:1329 seed quality 1318:1329 This research is beneficial to growers for fertilizer management and seed quality and to breeders to use (15)N/(14)N and (13)C/(12)C ratios and stachyose to select for drought tolerance soybean. 25667936 8 70 theme water 1235:1239 arg1 stress 1241:1246 water stress 1235:1246 water stress 1235:1246 Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. 25667936 0 71 from composition 104:114 arg1 cultivars 127:135 soybean cultivars 119:135 soybean cultivars differing in maturities 119:159 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 7 72 theme water 1042:1046 arg1 stress 1048:1053 water stress 1042:1053 water stress 1042:1053 Foliar B resulted in higher nitrogen fixation and water stress resulted in seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration. 25667936 7 73 theme δ 1084:1084 arg1 C 1090:1090 δ (13)C 1084:1090 δ (13)C 1084:1090 Foliar B resulted in higher nitrogen fixation and water stress resulted in seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration. 25667936 4 74 theme Foliar 607:612 arg1 B 614:614 Foliar B 607:614 Foliar B 607:614 Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg · ha(-1) and was applied twice at flowering and at seed-fill stages. 25667936 2 75 theme maturity 404:411 arg1 cultivars 424:432 different maturity group (MG) cultivars 394:432 different maturity group (MG) cultivars 394:432 A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted using different maturity group (MG) cultivars. 25667936 1 76 theme current 194:200 arg1 research 202:209 the current research 190:209 the current research 190:209 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 3 77 theme foliar 545:550 arg1 B 552:552 no foliar B 542:552 no foliar B (WS - B) 542:561 Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W - B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS - B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). 25667936 1 78 theme research 202:209 arg1 objective 177:185 the objective 173:185 the objective of the current research 173:209 Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. 25667936 0 79 theme nitrogen 47:54 arg1 fixation 56:63 nitrogen fixation 47:63 nitrogen fixation 47:63 Effects of boron nutrition and water stress on nitrogen fixation, seed δ15N and δ13C dynamics, and seed composition in soybean cultivars differing in maturities. 25667936 7 80 theme N 1078:1078 arg1 alteration 1092:1101 seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration 1067:1101 seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration 1067:1101 Foliar B resulted in higher nitrogen fixation and water stress resulted in seed δ (15)N and δ (13)C alteration. 25667936 9 81 theme C 1380:1380 arg1 ratios 1382:1387 (13)C/(12)C ratios 1370:1387 (13)C/(12)C ratios 1370:1387 This research is beneficial to growers for fertilizer management and seed quality and to breeders to use (15)N/(14)N and (13)C/(12)C ratios and stachyose to select for drought tolerance soybean. 25667936 6 82 theme linolenic 976:984 arg1 acid 986:989 lower linolenic acid 970:989 lower linolenic acid 970:989 The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS - B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. 27965173 12 0 theme bioorthogonal 2095:2107 arg1 reactions 2115:2123 bioorthogonal click reactions 2095:2123 bioorthogonal click reactions 2095:2123 By introducing these azide groups into the glycan structures, we enabled this cell-derived ECM for bioorthogonal click reactions. 27965173 13 1 theme Click 2126:2130 arg1 chemistry 2132:2140 Click chemistry 2126:2140 Click chemistry 2126:2140 Click chemistry provides extremely specific reactions with high efficiency, high selectivity, and high reaction yields. 27965173 7 2 theme metabolic 1085:1093 arg1 engineering 1111:1121 metabolic oligosaccharide engineering 1085:1121 metabolic oligosaccharide engineering 1085:1121 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 13 3 theme high 2224:2227 arg1 yields 2238:2243 high reaction yields 2224:2243 high reaction yields 2224:2243 Click chemistry provides extremely specific reactions with high efficiency, high selectivity, and high reaction yields. 27965173 14 4 theme azide 2269:2273 arg1 functionalities 2275:2289 the azide functionalities 2265:2289 the azide functionalities within the clickECM 2265:2309 We could show that the azide functionalities within the clickECM are chemically accessible. 27965173 14 4 theme azide 2269:2273 arg1 accessible 2326:2335 accessible 2326:2335 accessible 2326:2335 We could show that the azide functionalities within the clickECM are chemically accessible. 27965173 11 5 theme cell 1940:1943 arg1 cultures 1945:1952 fibroblast cell cultures 1929:1952 fibroblast cell cultures 1929:1952 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 6 6 dep cycloaddition 771:783 arg1 Huisgen-reaction 802:817 Huisgen-reaction 802:817 Huisgen-reaction 802:817 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 6 6 dep cycloaddition 771:783 arg1 reaction 792:799 click reaction 786:799 click reaction 786:799 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 2 7 theme molecules 270:278 arg1 molecules 270:278 distinct ECM molecules 257:278 distinct ECM molecules 257:278 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules makes these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials. 27965173 2 7 theme molecules 270:278 arg1 variety 246:252 the variety 242:252 the variety of distinct ECM molecules 242:278 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules makes these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials. 27965173 5 8 theme functional 668:677 arg1 groups 679:684 such functional groups 663:684 such functional groups 663:684 Due to the biological complexity of the cell-derived ECM, it is a challenge to incorporate such functional groups without affecting the integrity of the biomolecules within the ECM. 27965173 8 9 theme azide-modified 1271:1284 arg1 network 1286:1292 The resulting azide-modified network 1257:1292 The resulting azide-modified network 1257:1292 The resulting azide-modified network remained intact after removing the cells by lysis and the molecular structure of the ECM proteins was unimpaired after a gentle homogenization process. 27965173 7 10 theme ECM 1048:1050 arg1 modification 1006:1017 the ubiquitous modification 991:1017 the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides 991:1062 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 6 11 theme copper 952:957 arg1 use 945:947 the use 941:947 the use of copper (I) as a catalyst 941:975 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 15 12 theme tunable 2459:2465 arg1 properties 2477:2486 tunable bioactive properties 2459:2486 tunable bioactive properties 2459:2486 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 2 13 theme ideal 301:305 arg1 candidates 307:316 these matrices ideal candidates 286:316 these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials 286:333 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules makes these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials. 27965173 15 14 from research 2576:2583 arg1 field 2592:2596 the field 2588:2596 the field of biomaterial science 2588:2619 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 7 15 theme ubiquitous 995:1004 arg1 modification 1006:1017 the ubiquitous modification 991:1017 the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides 991:1062 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 15 16 theme new 2431:2433 arg1 materials 2444:2452 new clickECM materials 2431:2452 new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities 2431:2517 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 11 17 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1795:1806 arg1 clickECM 1812:1819 The clickECM 1808:1819 SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM 1795:1819 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 2 18 theme distinct 257:264 arg1 molecules 270:278 distinct ECM molecules 257:278 distinct ECM molecules 257:278 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules makes these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials. 27965173 15 19 theme bioactive 2467:2475 arg1 properties 2477:2486 tunable bioactive properties 2459:2486 tunable bioactive properties 2459:2486 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 1 20 theme extracellular 131:143 arg1 ECM 153:155 ECM 153:155 ECM 153:155 In vitro cultured cells produce a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that remains intact after decellularization. 27965173 1 20 theme extracellular 131:143 arg1 matrix 145:150 a complex extracellular matrix 121:150 a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that remains intact after decellularization 121:200 In vitro cultured cells produce a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that remains intact after decellularization. 27965173 10 21 with coating 1759:1765 arg1 clickECM 1772:1779 clickECM 1772:1779 clickECM 1772:1779 The azides within this "clickECM" could be accessed by small molecules (such as an alkyne-modified fluorophore) or by surface-bound cyclooctynes to achieve a covalent coating with clickECM. 27965173 13 22 theme reaction 2229:2236 arg1 yields 2238:2243 high reaction yields 2224:2243 high reaction yields 2224:2243 Click chemistry provides extremely specific reactions with high efficiency, high selectivity, and high reaction yields. 27965173 15 23 theme promising 2535:2543 arg1 approach 2545:2552 a promising approach 2533:2552 a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering 2533:2668 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 8 24 theme molecular 1352:1360 arg1 structure 1362:1370 the molecular structure 1348:1370 the molecular structure of the ECM proteins 1348:1390 The resulting azide-modified network remained intact after removing the cells by lysis and the molecular structure of the ECM proteins was unimpaired after a gentle homogenization process. 27965173 11 25 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1795:1806 arg1 STATEMENT 1782:1790 STATEMENT 1782:1790 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM 1782:1819 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 7 26 theme cell 1236:1239 arg1 medium 1249:1254 the cell culture medium 1232:1254 the cell culture medium 1232:1254 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 13 27 theme high 2185:2188 arg1 efficiency 2190:2199 high efficiency 2185:2199 high efficiency 2185:2199 Click chemistry provides extremely specific reactions with high efficiency, high selectivity, and high reaction yields. 27965173 15 28 theme biomedical 2622:2631 arg1 applications 2633:2644 biomedical applications 2622:2644 biomedical applications 2622:2644 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 5 29 theme biomolecules 725:736 arg1 integrity 708:716 the integrity 704:716 the integrity of the biomolecules within the ECM 704:751 Due to the biological complexity of the cell-derived ECM, it is a challenge to incorporate such functional groups without affecting the integrity of the biomolecules within the ECM. 27965173 15 30 theme additional 2492:2501 arg1 functionalities 2503:2517 additional functionalities 2492:2517 additional functionalities 2492:2517 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 15 31 theme science 2613:2619 arg1 field 2592:2596 the field 2588:2596 the field of biomaterial science 2588:2619 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 2 32 attach derived 229:235 arg2 complexity 218:227 The biological complexity 203:227 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules 203:278 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules makes these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials. 27965173 2 32 attach derived 229:235 arg1 molecules 270:278 distinct ECM molecules 257:278 distinct ECM molecules 257:278 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules makes these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials. 27965173 2 32 attach derived 229:235 arg1 variety 246:252 the variety 242:252 the variety of distinct ECM molecules 242:278 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules makes these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials. 27965173 4 33 theme specific 475:482 arg1 groups 507:512 specific addressable functional groups 475:512 specific addressable functional groups 475:512 However, these matrices lack specific addressable functional groups, which are often required for their use as a biomaterial. 27965173 8 34 theme ECM 1379:1381 arg1 proteins 1383:1390 the ECM proteins 1375:1390 the ECM proteins 1375:1390 The resulting azide-modified network remained intact after removing the cells by lysis and the molecular structure of the ECM proteins was unimpaired after a gentle homogenization process. 27965173 7 35 link cell-derived 1035:1046 arg1 ECM 1048:1050 a fibroblast cell-derived ECM 1022:1050 a fibroblast cell-derived ECM 1022:1050 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 4 36 theme functional 496:505 arg1 groups 507:512 specific addressable functional groups 475:512 specific addressable functional groups 475:512 However, these matrices lack specific addressable functional groups, which are often required for their use as a biomaterial. 27965173 0 37 theme azide 66:70 arg1 functionalities 72:86 azide functionalities 66:86 azide functionalities 66:86 clickECM: Development of a cell-derived extracellular matrix with azide functionalities. 27965173 3 38 theme biomaterial 421:431 arg1 development 433:443 biomaterial development 421:443 biomaterial development 421:443 Biomaterials with the ability to guide cell function are a topic of high interest in biomaterial development. 27965173 7 39 theme azide-modified 1137:1150 arg1 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine 1178:1226 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine 1178:1226 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine 1178:1226 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 7 39 theme azide-modified 1137:1150 arg1 Ac4GalNAz 1167:1175 the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz 1133:1175 the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) 1133:1227 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 3 40 theme interest 409:416 arg1 topic 395:399 a topic 393:399 a topic of high interest in biomaterial development 393:443 Biomaterials with the ability to guide cell function are a topic of high interest in biomaterial development. 27965173 3 40 theme interest 409:416 arg1 Biomaterials 336:347 Biomaterials 336:347 Biomaterials with the ability to guide cell function 336:387 Biomaterials with the ability to guide cell function are a topic of high interest in biomaterial development. 27965173 10 41 theme alkyne-modified 1675:1689 arg1 fluorophore 1691:1701 an alkyne-modified fluorophore 1672:1701 an alkyne-modified fluorophore 1672:1701 The azides within this "clickECM" could be accessed by small molecules (such as an alkyne-modified fluorophore) or by surface-bound cyclooctynes to achieve a covalent coating with clickECM. 27965173 8 42 theme gentle 1415:1420 arg1 process 1437:1443 a gentle homogenization process 1413:1443 a gentle homogenization process 1413:1443 The resulting azide-modified network remained intact after removing the cells by lysis and the molecular structure of the ECM proteins was unimpaired after a gentle homogenization process. 27965173 11 43 theme oligosaccharide 1967:1981 arg1 engineering 1983:1993 metabolic oligosaccharide engineering 1957:1993 metabolic oligosaccharide engineering 1957:1993 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 0 44 with Development 10:20 arg1 functionalities 72:86 azide functionalities 66:86 azide functionalities 66:86 clickECM: Development of a cell-derived extracellular matrix with azide functionalities. 27965173 0 45 theme extracellular 40:52 arg1 matrix 54:59 a cell-derived extracellular matrix 25:59 a cell-derived extracellular matrix 25:59 clickECM: Development of a cell-derived extracellular matrix with azide functionalities. 27965173 6 46 theme specific 840:847 arg1 reaction 858:865 an efficient and specific ligation reaction 823:865 an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst 823:975 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 6 46 theme specific 840:847 arg1 cycloaddition 771:783 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition 754:783 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) 754:818 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 6 46 theme specific 840:847 arg1 biocompatible 887:899 biocompatible 887:899 biocompatible 887:899 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 11 47 theme sugar 1879:1883 arg1 analogues 1885:1893 azide-functionalized sugar analogues 1858:1893 azide-functionalized sugar analogues 1858:1893 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 6 48 theme efficient 826:834 arg1 reaction 858:865 an efficient and specific ligation reaction 823:865 an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst 823:975 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 6 48 theme efficient 826:834 arg1 cycloaddition 771:783 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition 754:783 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) 754:818 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 6 48 theme efficient 826:834 arg1 biocompatible 887:899 biocompatible 887:899 biocompatible 887:899 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 10 49 theme covalent 1750:1757 arg1 coating 1759:1765 a covalent coating 1748:1765 a covalent coating with clickECM 1748:1779 The azides within this "clickECM" could be accessed by small molecules (such as an alkyne-modified fluorophore) or by surface-bound cyclooctynes to achieve a covalent coating with clickECM. 27965173 12 50 theme cell-derived 2074:2085 arg1 ECM 2087:2089 this cell-derived ECM 2069:2089 this cell-derived ECM for bioorthogonal click reactions 2069:2123 By introducing these azide groups into the glycan structures, we enabled this cell-derived ECM for bioorthogonal click reactions. 27965173 0 51 dep clickECM 0:7 arg1 Development 10:20 Development 10:20 clickECM: Development of a cell-derived extracellular matrix with azide functionalities. 0:87 clickECM: Development of a cell-derived extracellular matrix with azide functionalities. 27965173 11 52 theme extracellular 1904:1916 arg1 glycans 1918:1924 the extracellular glycans 1900:1924 the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures 1900:1952 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 6 53 theme strained 906:913 arg1 alkynes 915:921 strained alkynes 906:921 strained alkynes 906:921 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 2 54 theme matrices 292:299 arg1 candidates 307:316 these matrices ideal candidates 286:316 these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials 286:333 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules makes these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials. 27965173 9 55 theme biological 1450:1459 arg1 composition 1461:1471 The biological composition 1446:1471 The biological composition 1446:1471 The biological composition was characterized in order to show that the functionalization does not impair the complexity and integrity of the ECM. 27965173 5 56 theme ECM 625:627 arg1 complexity 594:603 the biological complexity 579:603 the biological complexity of the cell-derived ECM 579:627 Due to the biological complexity of the cell-derived ECM, it is a challenge to incorporate such functional groups without affecting the integrity of the biomolecules within the ECM. 27965173 7 57 theme cell-derived 1035:1046 arg1 ECM 1048:1050 a fibroblast cell-derived ECM 1022:1050 a fibroblast cell-derived ECM 1022:1050 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 6 58 theme click 786:790 arg1 Huisgen-reaction 802:817 Huisgen-reaction 802:817 Huisgen-reaction 802:817 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 6 58 theme click 786:790 arg1 reaction 792:799 click reaction 786:799 click reaction 786:799 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 0 59 link cell-derived 27:38 arg1 matrix 54:59 a cell-derived extracellular matrix 25:59 a cell-derived extracellular matrix 25:59 clickECM: Development of a cell-derived extracellular matrix with azide functionalities. 27965173 8 60 theme resulting 1261:1269 arg1 network 1286:1292 The resulting azide-modified network 1257:1292 The resulting azide-modified network 1257:1292 The resulting azide-modified network remained intact after removing the cells by lysis and the molecular structure of the ECM proteins was unimpaired after a gentle homogenization process. 27965173 10 61 theme clickECM 1616:1623 arg1 " 1624:1624 this "clickECM" 1610:1624 this "clickECM" 1610:1624 The azides within this "clickECM" could be accessed by small molecules (such as an alkyne-modified fluorophore) or by surface-bound cyclooctynes to achieve a covalent coating with clickECM. 27965173 6 62 used used 927:930 arg2 alkynes 915:921 strained alkynes 906:921 strained alkynes 906:921 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 12 63 theme glycan 2039:2044 arg1 structures 2046:2055 the glycan structures 2035:2055 the glycan structures 2035:2055 By introducing these azide groups into the glycan structures, we enabled this cell-derived ECM for bioorthogonal click reactions. 27965173 10 64 theme small 1647:1651 arg1 molecules 1653:1661 small molecules 1647:1661 small molecules (such as an alkyne-modified fluorophore) 1647:1702 The azides within this "clickECM" could be accessed by small molecules (such as an alkyne-modified fluorophore) or by surface-bound cyclooctynes to achieve a covalent coating with clickECM. 27965173 13 65 theme high 2202:2205 arg1 selectivity 2207:2217 high selectivity 2202:2217 high selectivity 2202:2217 Click chemistry provides extremely specific reactions with high efficiency, high selectivity, and high reaction yields. 27965173 11 66 theme azide-functionalized 1858:1877 arg1 analogues 1885:1893 azide-functionalized sugar analogues 1858:1893 azide-functionalized sugar analogues 1858:1893 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 5 67 theme such 663:666 arg1 groups 679:684 such functional groups 663:684 such functional groups 663:684 Due to the biological complexity of the cell-derived ECM, it is a challenge to incorporate such functional groups without affecting the integrity of the biomolecules within the ECM. 27965173 12 68 theme azide 2017:2021 arg1 groups 2023:2028 these azide groups 2011:2028 these azide groups 2011:2028 By introducing these azide groups into the glycan structures, we enabled this cell-derived ECM for bioorthogonal click reactions. 27965173 12 69 link cell-derived 2074:2085 arg1 ECM 2087:2089 this cell-derived ECM 2069:2089 this cell-derived ECM for bioorthogonal click reactions 2069:2123 By introducing these azide groups into the glycan structures, we enabled this cell-derived ECM for bioorthogonal click reactions. 27965173 15 70 theme clickECM 2435:2442 arg1 materials 2444:2452 new clickECM materials 2431:2452 new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities 2431:2517 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 2 71 theme ECM 266:268 arg1 molecules 270:278 distinct ECM molecules 257:278 distinct ECM molecules 257:278 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules makes these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials. 27965173 15 72 theme applied 2568:2574 arg1 research 2576:2583 basic and applied research 2558:2583 basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science 2558:2619 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 1 73 theme complex 123:129 arg1 ECM 153:155 ECM 153:155 ECM 153:155 In vitro cultured cells produce a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that remains intact after decellularization. 27965173 1 73 theme complex 123:129 arg1 matrix 145:150 a complex extracellular matrix 121:150 a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that remains intact after decellularization 121:200 In vitro cultured cells produce a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that remains intact after decellularization. 27965173 3 74 with Biomaterials 336:347 arg1 ability 358:364 the ability to guide cell function 354:387 the ability to guide cell function 354:387 Biomaterials with the ability to guide cell function are a topic of high interest in biomaterial development. 27965173 7 75 theme culture 1241:1247 arg1 medium 1249:1254 the cell culture medium 1232:1254 the cell culture medium 1232:1254 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 15 76 theme basic 2558:2562 arg1 research 2576:2583 basic and applied research 2558:2583 basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science 2558:2619 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 12 77 theme click 2109:2113 arg1 reactions 2115:2123 bioorthogonal click reactions 2095:2123 bioorthogonal click reactions 2095:2123 By introducing these azide groups into the glycan structures, we enabled this cell-derived ECM for bioorthogonal click reactions. 27965173 15 78 from applications 2633:2644 arg1 field 2592:2596 the field 2588:2596 the field of biomaterial science 2588:2619 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 5 79 link cell-derived 612:623 arg1 ECM 625:627 the cell-derived ECM 608:627 the cell-derived ECM 608:627 Due to the biological complexity of the cell-derived ECM, it is a challenge to incorporate such functional groups without affecting the integrity of the biomolecules within the ECM. 27965173 13 80 theme specific 2161:2168 arg1 reactions 2170:2178 extremely specific reactions 2151:2178 extremely specific reactions 2151:2178 Click chemistry provides extremely specific reactions with high efficiency, high selectivity, and high reaction yields. 27965173 3 81 theme cell 375:378 arg1 function 380:387 cell function 375:387 cell function 375:387 Biomaterials with the ability to guide cell function are a topic of high interest in biomaterial development. 27965173 4 82 theme addressable 484:494 arg1 groups 507:512 specific addressable functional groups 475:512 specific addressable functional groups 475:512 However, these matrices lack specific addressable functional groups, which are often required for their use as a biomaterial. 27965173 5 83 theme cell-derived 612:623 arg1 ECM 625:627 the cell-derived ECM 608:627 the cell-derived ECM 608:627 Due to the biological complexity of the cell-derived ECM, it is a challenge to incorporate such functional groups without affecting the integrity of the biomolecules within the ECM. 27965173 9 84 theme ECM 1587:1589 arg1 complexity 1555:1564 complexity 1555:1564 complexity 1555:1564 The biological composition was characterized in order to show that the functionalization does not impair the complexity and integrity of the ECM. 27965173 9 84 theme ECM 1587:1589 arg1 integrity 1570:1578 integrity 1570:1578 integrity 1570:1578 The biological composition was characterized in order to show that the functionalization does not impair the complexity and integrity of the ECM. 27965173 15 85 from engineering 2658:2668 arg1 field 2592:2596 the field 2588:2596 the field of biomaterial science 2588:2619 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 11 86 theme metabolic 1957:1965 arg1 engineering 1983:1993 metabolic oligosaccharide engineering 1957:1993 metabolic oligosaccharide engineering 1957:1993 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 7 87 theme monosaccharide 1152:1165 arg1 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine 1178:1226 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine 1178:1226 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine 1178:1226 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 7 87 theme monosaccharide 1152:1165 arg1 Ac4GalNAz 1167:1175 the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz 1133:1175 the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) 1133:1227 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 3 88 from topic 395:399 arg1 development 433:443 biomaterial development 421:443 biomaterial development 421:443 Biomaterials with the ability to guide cell function are a topic of high interest in biomaterial development. 27965173 8 89 theme proteins 1383:1390 arg1 structure 1362:1370 the molecular structure 1348:1370 the molecular structure of the ECM proteins 1348:1390 The resulting azide-modified network remained intact after removing the cells by lysis and the molecular structure of the ECM proteins was unimpaired after a gentle homogenization process. 27965173 15 90 with materials 2444:2452 arg1 properties 2477:2486 tunable bioactive properties 2459:2486 tunable bioactive properties 2459:2486 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 15 90 with materials 2444:2452 arg1 functionalities 2503:2517 additional functionalities 2492:2517 additional functionalities 2492:2517 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 11 91 theme cultures 1945:1952 arg1 glycans 1918:1924 the extracellular glycans 1900:1924 the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures 1900:1952 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 15 92 theme described 2356:2364 arg1 technique 2375:2383 our here described clickECM technique 2347:2383 our here described clickECM technique 2347:2383 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 5 93 theme biological 583:592 arg1 complexity 594:603 the biological complexity 579:603 the biological complexity of the cell-derived ECM 579:627 Due to the biological complexity of the cell-derived ECM, it is a challenge to incorporate such functional groups without affecting the integrity of the biomolecules within the ECM. 27965173 1 94 theme cultured 98:105 arg1 cells 107:111 In vitro cultured cells 89:111 In vitro cultured cells 89:111 In vitro cultured cells produce a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that remains intact after decellularization. 27965173 7 95 with modification 1006:1017 arg1 azides 1057:1062 azides 1057:1062 azides 1057:1062 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 0 96 theme cell-derived 27:38 arg1 matrix 54:59 a cell-derived extracellular matrix 25:59 a cell-derived extracellular matrix 25:59 clickECM: Development of a cell-derived extracellular matrix with azide functionalities. 27965173 7 97 theme oligosaccharide 1095:1109 arg1 engineering 1111:1121 metabolic oligosaccharide engineering 1085:1121 metabolic oligosaccharide engineering 1085:1121 In our work, the ubiquitous modification of a fibroblast cell-derived ECM with azides was achieved through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering by adding the azide-modified monosaccharide Ac4GalNAz (1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) to the cell culture medium. 27965173 6 98 theme azide-alkyne 758:769 arg1 reaction 858:865 an efficient and specific ligation reaction 823:865 an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst 823:975 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 6 98 theme azide-alkyne 758:769 arg1 cycloaddition 771:783 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition 754:783 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) 754:818 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 6 98 theme azide-alkyne 758:769 arg1 biocompatible 887:899 biocompatible 887:899 biocompatible 887:899 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 0 99 theme matrix 54:59 arg1 Development 10:20 Development 10:20 clickECM: Development of a cell-derived extracellular matrix with azide functionalities. 0:87 clickECM: Development of a cell-derived extracellular matrix with azide functionalities. 27965173 6 100 theme ligation 849:856 arg1 reaction 858:865 an efficient and specific ligation reaction 823:865 an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst 823:975 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 6 100 theme ligation 849:856 arg1 cycloaddition 771:783 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition 754:783 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) 754:818 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 6 100 theme ligation 849:856 arg1 biocompatible 887:899 biocompatible 887:899 biocompatible 887:899 The azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction, Huisgen-reaction) is an efficient and specific ligation reaction that is known to be biocompatible when strained alkynes are used to avoid the use of copper (I) as a catalyst. 27965173 3 101 theme high 404:407 arg1 interest 409:416 high interest 404:416 high interest 404:416 Biomaterials with the ability to guide cell function are a topic of high interest in biomaterial development. 27965173 2 102 theme biological 207:216 arg1 complexity 218:227 The biological complexity 203:227 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules 203:278 The biological complexity derived from the variety of distinct ECM molecules makes these matrices ideal candidates for biomaterials. 27965173 8 103 theme homogenization 1422:1435 arg1 process 1437:1443 a gentle homogenization process 1413:1443 a gentle homogenization process 1413:1443 The resulting azide-modified network remained intact after removing the cells by lysis and the molecular structure of the ECM proteins was unimpaired after a gentle homogenization process. 27965173 10 104 theme surface-bound 1710:1722 arg1 cyclooctynes 1724:1735 surface-bound cyclooctynes 1710:1735 surface-bound cyclooctynes 1710:1735 The azides within this "clickECM" could be accessed by small molecules (such as an alkyne-modified fluorophore) or by surface-bound cyclooctynes to achieve a covalent coating with clickECM. 27965173 15 105 theme clickECM 2366:2373 arg1 technique 2375:2383 our here described clickECM technique 2347:2383 our here described clickECM technique 2347:2383 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 27965173 10 106 dep molecules 1653:1661 arg1 such 1664:1667 such 1664:1667 such 1664:1667 The azides within this "clickECM" could be accessed by small molecules (such as an alkyne-modified fluorophore) or by surface-bound cyclooctynes to achieve a covalent coating with clickECM. 27965173 11 107 theme analogues 1885:1893 arg1 incorporation 1841:1853 the incorporation 1837:1853 the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures 1837:1952 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 11 108 theme fibroblast 1929:1938 arg1 cultures 1945:1952 fibroblast cell cultures 1929:1952 fibroblast cell cultures 1929:1952 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The clickECM was produced by the incorporation of azide-functionalized sugar analogues into the extracellular glycans of fibroblast cell cultures by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. 27965173 15 109 theme tissue 2651:2656 arg1 engineering 2658:2668 tissue engineering 2651:2668 tissue engineering 2651:2668 Based on our here described clickECM technique it will be possible to create and investigate new clickECM materials with tunable bioactive properties and additional functionalities, which offers a promising approach for basic and applied research in the field of biomaterial science, biomedical applications, and tissue engineering. 25202860 7 0 theme wild-type 1440:1448 arg1 infection 1450:1458 F. graminearum wild-type infection 1425:1458 F. graminearum wild-type infection 1425:1458 To test the involvement of DON in defence priming, we pretreated spikelets with DON at a concentration of 1 ppm prior to F. graminearum wild-type infection, which significantly reduced FHB disease symptoms. 25202860 3 1 theme spikelets 510:518 arg1 pretreatment 494:505 DON pretreatment 490:505 DON pretreatment of spikelets 490:518 Whilst investigating the suitability of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for spreading resistance to F. graminearum, we unexpectedly discovered that DON pretreatment of spikelets could reduce susceptibility to FHB in this model grass. 25202860 6 2 from changes 1203:1209 arg1 B. distachyon 1214:1226 B. distachyon 1214:1226 B. distachyon 1214:1226 Hence, we tested for DON-induced cell wall changes in B. distachyon, which were most prominent at DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb. 25202860 0 3 from susceptibility 8:21 arg1 distachyon 63:72 Brachypodium distachyon 50:72 Brachypodium distachyon 50:72 Reduced susceptibility to Fusarium head blight in Brachypodium distachyon through priming with the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. 25202860 4 4 theme kinase 874:879 arg1 disruption 881:890 the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption 838:890 the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1 838:904 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 7 5 with spikelets 1369:1377 arg1 DON 1384:1386 DON 1384:1386 DON 1384:1386 To test the involvement of DON in defence priming, we pretreated spikelets with DON at a concentration of 1 ppm prior to F. graminearum wild-type infection, which significantly reduced FHB disease symptoms. 25202860 0 6 theme Fusarium 99:106 arg1 deoxynivalenol 118:131 the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol 95:131 the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol 95:131 Reduced susceptibility to Fusarium head blight in Brachypodium distachyon through priming with the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. 25202860 1 7 theme fungal 138:143 arg1 pathogen 152:159 The fungal cereal pathogen 134:159 The fungal cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum 134:180 The fungal cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum produces deoxynivalenol (DON) during infection. 25202860 5 8 theme days 974:977 arg1 post-inoculation 979:994 14 days post-inoculation 971:994 14 days post-inoculation 971:994 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 4 9 theme disruption 760:769 arg1 mutant 771:776 the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant 735:776 the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant 735:776 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 8 10 theme DON-induced 1650:1660 arg1 priming 1662:1668 DON-induced priming 1650:1668 DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue 1650:1691 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 5 11 theme DON-producing 1109:1121 arg1 Δgpmk1 1152:1157 Δgpmk1 1152:1157 Δgpmk1 1152:1157 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 5 11 theme DON-producing 1109:1121 arg1 strains 1123:1129 the DON-producing strains 1105:1129 the DON-producing strains wild-type 1105:1139 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 5 11 theme DON-producing 1109:1121 arg1 Δfgl1 1142:1146 Δfgl1 1142:1146 Δfgl1 1142:1146 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 4 12 theme mutant 892:897 arg1 Δgpmk1 899:904 mutant Δgpmk1 892:904 the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1 838:904 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 13 theme DON-deficient 704:716 arg1 mutant 724:729 the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant 700:729 the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant 700:729 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 3 14 theme DON 490:492 arg1 pretreatment 494:505 DON pretreatment 490:505 DON pretreatment of spikelets 490:518 Whilst investigating the suitability of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for spreading resistance to F. graminearum, we unexpectedly discovered that DON pretreatment of spikelets could reduce susceptibility to FHB in this model grass. 25202860 6 15 dep 100 1295:1297 arg1 to 1292:1293 to 1292:1293 to 1292:1293 Hence, we tested for DON-induced cell wall changes in B. distachyon, which were most prominent at DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb. 25202860 8 16 theme tissue 1686:1691 arg1 priming 1662:1668 DON-induced priming 1650:1668 DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue 1650:1691 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 4 17 theme infecting 790:798 arg1 florets 825:831 both infecting only directly inoculated florets 785:831 both infecting only directly inoculated florets 785:831 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 18 theme defined 683:689 arg1 mutants 691:697 defined mutants 683:697 defined mutants 683:697 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 0 19 theme mycotoxin 108:116 arg1 deoxynivalenol 118:131 the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol 95:131 the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol 95:131 Reduced susceptibility to Fusarium head blight in Brachypodium distachyon through priming with the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. 25202860 5 20 theme wild-type 1131:1139 arg1 Δgpmk1 1152:1157 Δgpmk1 1152:1157 Δgpmk1 1152:1157 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 5 20 theme wild-type 1131:1139 arg1 strains 1123:1129 the DON-producing strains 1105:1129 the DON-producing strains wild-type 1105:1139 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 5 20 theme wild-type 1131:1139 arg1 Δfgl1 1142:1146 Δfgl1 1142:1146 Δfgl1 1142:1146 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 4 21 theme protein 860:866 arg1 kinase 874:879 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 842:879 the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1 838:904 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 22 from mutant 771:776 arg1 spikelets 623:631 spikelets 623:631 spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants 623:697 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 8 23 theme DON 1597:1599 arg1 pretreatment 1601:1612 DON pretreatment 1597:1612 DON pretreatment 1597:1612 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 4 24 theme F. graminearum 654:667 arg1 wild-type 669:677 F. graminearum wild-type 654:677 F. graminearum wild-type 654:677 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 3 25 theme Brachypodium 379:390 arg1 distachyon 392:401 Brachypodium distachyon 379:401 Brachypodium distachyon 379:401 Whilst investigating the suitability of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for spreading resistance to F. graminearum, we unexpectedly discovered that DON pretreatment of spikelets could reduce susceptibility to FHB in this model grass. 25202860 7 26 theme F. graminearum 1425:1438 arg1 infection 1450:1458 F. graminearum wild-type infection 1425:1458 F. graminearum wild-type infection 1425:1458 To test the involvement of DON in defence priming, we pretreated spikelets with DON at a concentration of 1 ppm prior to F. graminearum wild-type infection, which significantly reduced FHB disease symptoms. 25202860 6 27 theme DON 1258:1260 arg1 concentrations 1262:1275 DON concentrations 1258:1275 DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb 1258:1301 Hence, we tested for DON-induced cell wall changes in B. distachyon, which were most prominent at DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb. 25202860 8 28 theme reduced 1712:1718 arg1 susceptibility 1720:1733 the reduced susceptibility 1708:1733 the reduced susceptibility to FHB 1708:1740 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 4 29 theme lipase 753:758 arg1 mutant 771:776 the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant 735:776 the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant 735:776 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 5 30 from amounts 1009:1015 arg1 fraction 1049:1056 the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction 1020:1056 the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction 1020:1056 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 3 31 theme spreading 418:426 arg1 resistance 428:437 spreading resistance 418:437 spreading resistance to F. graminearum 418:455 Whilst investigating the suitability of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for spreading resistance to F. graminearum, we unexpectedly discovered that DON pretreatment of spikelets could reduce susceptibility to FHB in this model grass. 25202860 3 32 theme distachyon 392:401 arg1 suitability 364:374 the suitability 360:374 the suitability of Brachypodium distachyon 360:401 Whilst investigating the suitability of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for spreading resistance to F. graminearum, we unexpectedly discovered that DON pretreatment of spikelets could reduce susceptibility to FHB in this model grass. 25202860 3 32 theme distachyon 392:401 arg1 model 408:412 a model 406:412 a model for spreading resistance to F. graminearum 406:455 Whilst investigating the suitability of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for spreading resistance to F. graminearum, we unexpectedly discovered that DON pretreatment of spikelets could reduce susceptibility to FHB in this model grass. 25202860 7 33 theme ppm 1412:1414 arg1 concentration 1393:1405 a concentration 1391:1405 a concentration of 1 ppm 1391:1414 To test the involvement of DON in defence priming, we pretreated spikelets with DON at a concentration of 1 ppm prior to F. graminearum wild-type infection, which significantly reduced FHB disease symptoms. 25202860 4 34 theme MAP 869:871 arg1 kinase 874:879 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 842:879 the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1 838:904 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 35 theme DON-producing 739:751 arg1 mutant 771:776 the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant 735:776 the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant 735:776 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 0 36 theme Fusarium 26:33 arg1 blight 40:45 Fusarium head blight 26:45 Fusarium head blight 26:45 Reduced susceptibility to Fusarium head blight in Brachypodium distachyon through priming with the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. 25202860 8 37 theme wall 1532:1535 arg1 analysis 1515:1522 The analysis 1511:1522 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection 1511:1633 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 8 38 dep wall 1532:1535 arg1 composition 1537:1547 composition 1537:1547 composition 1537:1547 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 3 39 theme model 563:567 arg1 grass 569:573 this model grass 558:573 this model grass 558:573 Whilst investigating the suitability of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for spreading resistance to F. graminearum, we unexpectedly discovered that DON pretreatment of spikelets could reduce susceptibility to FHB in this model grass. 25202860 8 40 theme plant 1553:1557 arg1 expression 1580:1589 plant defence-related gene expression 1553:1589 plant defence-related gene expression 1553:1589 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 6 41 theme DON-induced 1181:1191 arg1 changes 1203:1209 DON-induced cell wall changes 1181:1209 DON-induced cell wall changes in B. distachyon, which were most prominent at DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb 1181:1301 Hence, we tested for DON-induced cell wall changes in B. distachyon, which were most prominent at DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb. 25202860 6 42 theme wall 1198:1201 arg1 changes 1203:1209 DON-induced cell wall changes 1181:1209 DON-induced cell wall changes in B. distachyon, which were most prominent at DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb 1181:1301 Hence, we tested for DON-induced cell wall changes in B. distachyon, which were most prominent at DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb. 25202860 1 43 dep Fusarium 161:168 arg1 graminearum 170:180 graminearum 170:180 graminearum 170:180 The fungal cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum produces deoxynivalenol (DON) during infection. 25202860 5 44 theme wall 1044:1047 arg1 fraction 1049:1056 the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction 1020:1056 the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction 1020:1056 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 4 45 theme Δtri5 718:722 arg1 mutant 724:729 the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant 700:729 the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant 700:729 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 46 theme DON 952:954 arg1 production 956:965 intact DON production 945:965 intact DON production 945:965 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 5 47 theme non-cellulosic 1024:1037 arg1 fraction 1049:1056 the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction 1020:1056 the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction 1020:1056 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 0 48 theme head 35:38 arg1 blight 40:45 Fusarium head blight 26:45 Fusarium head blight 26:45 Reduced susceptibility to Fusarium head blight in Brachypodium distachyon through priming with the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. 25202860 8 49 theme gene 1575:1578 arg1 expression 1580:1589 plant defence-related gene expression 1553:1589 plant defence-related gene expression 1553:1589 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 4 50 theme intact 945:950 arg1 production 956:965 intact DON production 945:965 intact DON production 945:965 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 5 51 theme cell 1039:1042 arg1 fraction 1049:1056 the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction 1020:1056 the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction 1020:1056 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 8 52 theme expression 1580:1589 arg1 analysis 1515:1522 The analysis 1511:1522 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection 1511:1633 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 0 53 theme Brachypodium 50:61 arg1 distachyon 63:72 Brachypodium distachyon 50:72 Brachypodium distachyon 50:72 Reduced susceptibility to Fusarium head blight in Brachypodium distachyon through priming with the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. 25202860 8 54 theme defence-related 1559:1573 arg1 expression 1580:1589 plant defence-related gene expression 1553:1589 plant defence-related gene expression 1553:1589 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 4 55 theme mitogen-activated 842:858 arg1 kinase 874:879 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 842:879 the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1 838:904 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 8 56 theme cell 1527:1530 arg1 wall 1532:1535 cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression 1527:1589 wall 1532:1535 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 4 57 from disruption 881:890 arg1 spikelets 623:631 spikelets 623:631 spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants 623:697 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 6 58 theme cell 1193:1196 arg1 changes 1203:1209 DON-induced cell wall changes 1181:1209 DON-induced cell wall changes in B. distachyon, which were most prominent at DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb 1181:1301 Hence, we tested for DON-induced cell wall changes in B. distachyon, which were most prominent at DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb. 25202860 2 59 theme mycotoxin 234:242 arg1 DON 244:246 The mycotoxin DON 230:246 The mycotoxin DON 230:246 The mycotoxin DON is associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. 25202860 6 60 from concentrations 1262:1275 arg1 prominent 1245:1253 prominent 1245:1253 prominent 1245:1253 Hence, we tested for DON-induced cell wall changes in B. distachyon, which were most prominent at DON concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppb. 25202860 2 61 theme grain 325:329 arg1 losses 331:336 vast grain losses 320:336 vast grain losses 320:336 The mycotoxin DON is associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. 25202860 7 62 theme defence 1338:1344 arg1 priming 1346:1352 defence priming 1338:1352 defence priming 1338:1352 To test the involvement of DON in defence priming, we pretreated spikelets with DON at a concentration of 1 ppm prior to F. graminearum wild-type infection, which significantly reduced FHB disease symptoms. 25202860 4 63 theme decreased 921:929 arg1 virulence 931:939 strongly decreased virulence 912:939 strongly decreased virulence 912:939 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 64 with infection 639:647 arg1 wild-type 669:677 F. graminearum wild-type 654:677 F. graminearum wild-type 654:677 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 64 with infection 639:647 arg1 mutants 691:697 defined mutants 683:697 defined mutants 683:697 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 5 65 theme glucose 1001:1007 arg1 amounts 1009:1015 the glucose amounts 997:1015 the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction 997:1056 At 14 days post-inoculation, the glucose amounts in the non-cellulosic cell wall fraction were only increased in spikelets infected with the DON-producing strains wild-type, Δfgl1 and Δgpmk1. 25202860 2 66 theme vast 320:323 arg1 losses 331:336 vast grain losses 320:336 vast grain losses 320:336 The mycotoxin DON is associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. 25202860 4 67 dep mutant 724:729 arg1 Δfgl1 778:782 Δfgl1 778:782 Δfgl1 778:782 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 68 theme wall 607:610 arg1 changes 612:618 the cell wall changes 598:618 the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants 598:697 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 7 69 theme FHB 1489:1491 arg1 symptoms 1501:1508 FHB disease symptoms 1489:1508 FHB disease symptoms 1489:1508 To test the involvement of DON in defence priming, we pretreated spikelets with DON at a concentration of 1 ppm prior to F. graminearum wild-type infection, which significantly reduced FHB disease symptoms. 25202860 2 70 theme head 276:279 arg1 disease 297:303 a disease 295:303 a disease that can cause vast grain losses 295:336 The mycotoxin DON is associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. 25202860 2 70 theme head 276:279 arg1 FHB 289:291 FHB 289:291 FHB 289:291 The mycotoxin DON is associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. 25202860 2 70 theme head 276:279 arg1 blight 281:286 Fusarium head blight 267:286 Fusarium head blight (FHB) 267:292 The mycotoxin DON is associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. 25202860 4 71 from florets 825:831 arg1 spikelets 623:631 spikelets 623:631 spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants 623:697 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 1 72 theme cereal 145:150 arg1 pathogen 152:159 The fungal cereal pathogen 134:159 The fungal cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum 134:180 The fungal cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum produces deoxynivalenol (DON) during infection. 25202860 4 73 from mutant 724:729 arg1 spikelets 623:631 spikelets 623:631 spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants 623:697 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 74 theme cell 602:605 arg1 changes 612:618 the cell wall changes 598:618 the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants 598:697 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 7 75 theme disease 1493:1499 arg1 symptoms 1501:1508 FHB disease symptoms 1489:1508 FHB disease symptoms 1489:1508 To test the involvement of DON in defence priming, we pretreated spikelets with DON at a concentration of 1 ppm prior to F. graminearum wild-type infection, which significantly reduced FHB disease symptoms. 25202860 2 76 theme Fusarium 267:274 arg1 disease 297:303 a disease 295:303 a disease that can cause vast grain losses 295:336 The mycotoxin DON is associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. 25202860 2 76 theme Fusarium 267:274 arg1 FHB 289:291 FHB 289:291 FHB 289:291 The mycotoxin DON is associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. 25202860 2 76 theme Fusarium 267:274 arg1 blight 281:286 Fusarium head blight 267:286 Fusarium head blight (FHB) 267:292 The mycotoxin DON is associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. 25202860 7 77 from involvement 1316:1326 arg1 priming 1346:1352 defence priming 1338:1352 defence priming 1338:1352 To test the involvement of DON in defence priming, we pretreated spikelets with DON at a concentration of 1 ppm prior to F. graminearum wild-type infection, which significantly reduced FHB disease symptoms. 25202860 8 78 theme spikelet 1677:1684 arg1 tissue 1686:1691 the spikelet tissue 1673:1691 the spikelet tissue 1673:1691 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 7 79 theme DON 1331:1333 arg1 involvement 1316:1326 the involvement 1312:1326 the involvement of DON in defence priming 1312:1352 To test the involvement of DON in defence priming, we pretreated spikelets with DON at a concentration of 1 ppm prior to F. graminearum wild-type infection, which significantly reduced FHB disease symptoms. 25202860 8 80 theme fungal 1618:1623 arg1 infection 1625:1633 fungal infection 1618:1633 fungal infection 1618:1633 The analysis of cell wall composition and plant defence-related gene expression after DON pretreatment and fungal infection suggested that DON-induced priming of the spikelet tissue contributed to the reduced susceptibility to FHB. 25202860 4 81 from changes 612:618 arg1 spikelets 623:631 spikelets 623:631 spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants 623:697 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 82 theme inoculated 814:823 arg1 florets 825:831 both infecting only directly inoculated florets 785:831 both infecting only directly inoculated florets 785:831 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 4 83 dep disruption 881:890 arg1 Δgpmk1 899:904 mutant Δgpmk1 892:904 the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1 838:904 We started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets after infection with F. graminearum wild-type and defined mutants: the DON-deficient Δtri5 mutant and the DON-producing lipase disruption mutant Δfgl1, both infecting only directly inoculated florets, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase disruption mutant Δgpmk1, with strongly decreased virulence but intact DON production. 25202860 1 84 theme Fusarium 161:168 arg1 pathogen 152:159 The fungal cereal pathogen 134:159 The fungal cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum 134:180 The fungal cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum produces deoxynivalenol (DON) during infection. 27759119 8 0 theme cellulose 1428:1436 arg1 degradation 1401:1411 the degradation 1397:1411 the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass 1397:1454 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 6 1 theme straw 989:993 arg1 degradation 931:941 the degradation 927:941 the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw 927:993 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex indicated that greater enzymatic variety generated more synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw. 27759119 3 2 dep in 405:406 arg1 vitro 408:412 vitro 408:412 vitro 408:412 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 3 3 from components 494:503 arg1 reconstitution 414:427 in vitro reconstitution 405:427 in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components 405:503 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 3 3 from components 494:503 arg1 protein 536:542 the full-length scaffoldin protein 509:542 the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules 509:578 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 3 3 from components 494:503 arg1 cellulosome 461:471 the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome 432:471 the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components 432:503 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 1 4 theme proteins 272:279 arg1 variety 215:221 a wide variety 208:221 a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins 208:279 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 1 4 theme proteins 272:279 arg1 enzymes 251:257 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes 226:257 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes 226:257 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 1 4 theme proteins 272:279 arg1 proteins 272:279 scaffold proteins 263:279 scaffold proteins 263:279 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 8 5 theme cellulosome 1603:1613 arg1 structures 1615:1624 different cellulosome structures 1593:1624 different cellulosome structures 1593:1624 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 6 6 theme rice 984:987 arg1 straw 989:993 delignified rice straw 972:993 delignified rice straw 972:993 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex indicated that greater enzymatic variety generated more synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw. 27759119 8 7 theme different 1593:1601 arg1 structures 1615:1624 different cellulosome structures 1593:1624 different cellulosome structures 1593:1624 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 6 8 theme greater 874:880 arg1 variety 892:898 greater enzymatic variety 874:898 greater enzymatic variety 874:898 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex indicated that greater enzymatic variety generated more synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw. 27759119 3 9 theme enzyme 563:568 arg1 molecules 570:578 nine enzyme molecules 558:578 nine enzyme molecules 558:578 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 4 10 theme germ 634:637 arg1 system 667:672 a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system 626:672 a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system 626:672 These components were each synthesized using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system and purified. 27759119 0 11 theme crystalline 98:108 arg1 cellulose 110:118 crystalline cellulose 98:118 crystalline cellulose 98:118 Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass. 27759119 6 12 theme delignified 972:982 arg1 straw 989:993 delignified rice straw 972:993 delignified rice straw 972:993 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex indicated that greater enzymatic variety generated more synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw. 27759119 8 13 theme biomass 1448:1454 arg1 degradation 1401:1411 the degradation 1397:1411 the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass 1397:1454 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 4 14 theme synthesis 657:665 arg1 system 667:672 a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system 626:672 a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system 626:672 These components were each synthesized using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system and purified. 27759119 7 15 theme cellulose 1297:1305 arg1 degradation 1270:1280 the degradation 1266:1280 the degradation of crystalline cellulose 1266:1305 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 7 16 theme complete 1017:1024 arg1 complex 1033:1039 a less complete enzyme complex 1010:1039 a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules 1010:1083 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 7 16 theme complete 1017:1024 arg1 efficient 1094:1102 efficient 1094:1102 efficient 1094:1102 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 8 17 theme plant 1442:1446 arg1 biomass 1448:1454 plant biomass 1442:1454 plant biomass 1442:1454 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 4 18 theme protein 649:655 arg1 system 667:672 a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system 626:672 a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system 626:672 These components were each synthesized using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system and purified. 27759119 6 19 theme cellulose 958:966 arg1 degradation 931:941 the degradation 927:941 the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw 927:993 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex indicated that greater enzymatic variety generated more synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw. 27759119 5 20 theme Cellulosome 688:698 arg1 complexes 700:708 Cellulosome complexes 688:708 Cellulosome complexes 688:708 Cellulosome complexes were reconstituted from 3, 12, 30, and 40 components based on their contents in the native cellulosome. 27759119 3 21 theme scaffoldin 525:534 arg1 protein 536:542 the full-length scaffoldin protein 509:542 the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules 509:578 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 1 22 theme multienzyme 175:185 arg1 complex 187:193 a supramolecular multienzyme complex 158:193 a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins 158:279 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 1 22 theme multienzyme 175:185 arg1 cellulosome 143:153 The cellulosome 139:153 The cellulosome 139:153 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 0 23 theme cellulose 110:118 arg1 degradation 83:93 the degradation 79:93 the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass 79:136 Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass. 27759119 3 24 from reconstitution 414:427 arg1 components 494:503 40 cellulosomal components 478:503 40 cellulosomal components 478:503 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 3 25 dep Clostridium 436:446 arg1 thermocellum 448:459 thermocellum 448:459 thermocellum 448:459 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 3 26 from protein 536:542 arg1 components 494:503 40 cellulosomal components 478:503 40 cellulosomal components 478:503 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 4 27 theme cell-free 639:647 arg1 system 667:672 a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system 626:672 a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system 626:672 These components were each synthesized using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system and purified. 27759119 4 28 dep synthesized 608:618 arg1 each 603:606 each 603:606 each 603:606 These components were each synthesized using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system and purified. 27759119 3 29 theme Clostridium 436:446 arg1 cellulosome 461:471 the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome 432:471 the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components 432:503 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 0 30 theme Enzymatic 0:8 arg1 diversity 10:18 Enzymatic diversity 0:18 Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome 0:62 Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass. 27759119 7 31 theme enzyme-saturated 1159:1174 arg1 complex 1176:1182 the enzyme-saturated complex 1155:1182 the enzyme-saturated complex 1155:1182 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 8 32 theme enzymatic 1343:1351 arg1 diversity 1353:1361 greater enzymatic diversity 1335:1361 greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome 1335:1380 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 3 33 theme in 405:406 arg1 reconstitution 414:427 in vitro reconstitution 405:427 in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components 405:503 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 0 34 theme biomass 130:136 arg1 degradation 83:93 the degradation 79:93 the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass 79:136 Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass. 27759119 6 35 theme complex 851:857 arg1 activity 818:825 The activity 814:825 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex 814:857 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex indicated that greater enzymatic variety generated more synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw. 27759119 2 36 theme scaffold 324:331 arg1 proteins 333:340 the scaffold proteins 320:340 the scaffold proteins 320:340 The cellulosomal enzymes that bind to the scaffold proteins synergistically degrade crystalline cellulose. 27759119 3 37 theme full-length 513:523 arg1 protein 536:542 the full-length scaffoldin protein 509:542 the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules 509:578 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 8 38 theme efficient 1466:1474 arg1 degradation 1476:1486 efficient degradation 1466:1486 efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome 1466:1529 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 4 39 theme wheat 628:632 arg1 system 667:672 a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system 626:672 a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system 626:672 These components were each synthesized using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system and purified. 27759119 0 40 theme plant 124:128 arg1 biomass 130:136 plant biomass 124:136 plant biomass 124:136 Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass. 27759119 5 41 from contents 778:785 arg1 cellulosome 801:811 the native cellulosome 790:811 the native cellulosome 790:811 Cellulosome complexes were reconstituted from 3, 12, 30, and 40 components based on their contents in the native cellulosome. 27759119 1 42 theme supramolecular 160:173 arg1 complex 187:193 a supramolecular multienzyme complex 158:193 a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins 158:279 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 1 42 theme supramolecular 160:173 arg1 cellulosome 143:153 The cellulosome 139:153 The cellulosome 139:153 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 7 43 theme enzyme 1026:1031 arg1 complex 1033:1039 a less complete enzyme complex 1010:1039 a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules 1010:1083 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 7 43 theme enzyme 1026:1031 arg1 efficient 1094:1102 efficient 1094:1102 efficient 1094:1102 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 1 44 theme wide 210:213 arg1 variety 215:221 a wide variety 208:221 a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins 208:279 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 1 44 theme wide 210:213 arg1 enzymes 251:257 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes 226:257 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes 226:257 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 1 44 theme wide 210:213 arg1 proteins 272:279 scaffold proteins 263:279 scaffold proteins 263:279 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 7 45 theme delignified 1127:1137 arg1 straw 1144:1148 delignified rice straw 1127:1148 delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex 1127:1182 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 8 46 theme substrates 1501:1510 arg1 degradation 1476:1486 efficient degradation 1466:1486 efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome 1466:1529 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 0 47 theme Clostridium 27:37 arg1 cellulosome 52:62 the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome 23:62 the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome 23:62 Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass. 27759119 3 48 theme cellulosome 461:471 arg1 reconstitution 414:427 in vitro reconstitution 405:427 in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components 405:503 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 3 48 theme cellulosome 461:471 arg1 protein 536:542 the full-length scaffoldin protein 509:542 the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules 509:578 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 7 49 theme maximum 1246:1252 arg1 synergy 1254:1260 maximum synergy 1246:1260 maximum synergy 1246:1260 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 8 50 theme cellulosome 1370:1380 arg1 diversity 1353:1361 greater enzymatic diversity 1335:1361 greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome 1335:1380 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 7 51 theme crystalline 1285:1295 arg1 cellulose 1297:1305 crystalline cellulose 1285:1305 crystalline cellulose 1285:1305 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 3 52 theme cellulosomal 481:492 arg1 components 494:503 40 cellulosomal components 478:503 40 cellulosomal components 478:503 Here, we report in vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome from 40 cellulosomal components and the full-length scaffoldin protein that binds to nine enzyme molecules. 27759119 6 53 theme crystalline 946:956 arg1 cellulose 958:966 crystalline cellulose 946:966 crystalline cellulose 946:966 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex indicated that greater enzymatic variety generated more synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw. 27759119 7 54 theme rice 1139:1142 arg1 straw 1144:1148 delignified rice straw 1127:1148 delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex 1127:1182 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 0 55 theme cellulosome 52:62 arg1 diversity 10:18 Enzymatic diversity 0:18 Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome 0:62 Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass. 27759119 7 56 theme straw 1144:1148 arg1 degradation 1112:1122 the degradation 1108:1122 the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex 1108:1182 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 6 57 theme more 910:913 arg1 synergy 915:921 more synergy 910:921 more synergy 910:921 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex indicated that greater enzymatic variety generated more synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw. 27759119 0 58 dep Clostridium 27:37 arg1 thermocellum 39:50 thermocellum 39:50 thermocellum 39:50 Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass. 27759119 7 59 theme enzyme-saturated 1211:1226 arg1 complex 1228:1234 the enzyme-saturated complex 1207:1234 the enzyme-saturated complex 1207:1234 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 6 60 theme enzyme-saturated 834:849 arg1 complex 851:857 the enzyme-saturated complex 830:857 the enzyme-saturated complex 830:857 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex indicated that greater enzymatic variety generated more synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw. 27759119 2 61 theme cellulosomal 286:297 arg1 enzymes 299:305 The cellulosomal enzymes 282:305 The cellulosomal enzymes that bind to the scaffold proteins 282:340 The cellulosomal enzymes that bind to the scaffold proteins synergistically degrade crystalline cellulose. 27759119 8 62 theme different 1491:1499 arg1 substrates 1501:1510 different substrates 1491:1510 different substrates 1491:1510 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 2 63 theme crystalline 366:376 arg1 cellulose 378:386 crystalline cellulose 366:386 crystalline cellulose 366:386 The cellulosomal enzymes that bind to the scaffold proteins synergistically degrade crystalline cellulose. 27759119 1 64 theme polysaccharide-degrading 226:249 arg1 enzymes 251:257 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes 226:257 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes 226:257 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 8 65 theme enzymatic 1561:1569 arg1 composition 1571:1581 a different enzymatic composition 1549:1581 a different enzymatic composition 1549:1581 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 8 66 theme different 1551:1559 arg1 composition 1571:1581 a different enzymatic composition 1549:1581 a different enzymatic composition 1549:1581 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 1 67 theme enzymes 251:257 arg1 variety 215:221 a wide variety 208:221 a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins 208:279 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 1 67 theme enzymes 251:257 arg1 enzymes 251:257 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes 226:257 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes 226:257 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 1 67 theme enzymes 251:257 arg1 proteins 272:279 scaffold proteins 263:279 scaffold proteins 263:279 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 27759119 5 68 theme native 794:799 arg1 cellulosome 801:811 the native cellulosome 790:811 the native cellulosome 790:811 Cellulosome complexes were reconstituted from 3, 12, 30, and 40 components based on their contents in the native cellulosome. 27759119 6 69 theme enzymatic 882:890 arg1 variety 892:898 greater enzymatic variety 874:898 greater enzymatic variety 874:898 The activity of the enzyme-saturated complex indicated that greater enzymatic variety generated more synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and delignified rice straw. 27759119 7 70 theme enzyme 1068:1073 arg1 molecules 1075:1083 fewer than nine enzyme molecules 1052:1083 fewer than nine enzyme molecules 1052:1083 Surprisingly, a less complete enzyme complex displaying fewer than nine enzyme molecules was more efficient for the degradation of delignified rice straw than the enzyme-saturated complex, despite the fact that the enzyme-saturated complex exhibited maximum synergy for the degradation of crystalline cellulose. 27759119 8 71 theme crystalline 1416:1426 arg1 cellulose 1428:1436 crystalline cellulose 1416:1436 crystalline cellulose 1416:1436 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 8 72 theme greater 1335:1341 arg1 diversity 1353:1361 greater enzymatic diversity 1335:1361 greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome 1335:1380 These results suggest that greater enzymatic diversity of the cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass, and that efficient degradation of different substrates by the cellulosome requires not only a different enzymatic composition, but also different cellulosome structures. 27759119 1 73 theme scaffold 263:270 arg1 proteins 272:279 scaffold proteins 263:279 scaffold proteins 263:279 The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. 26684987 1 0 from cellulases 160:169 arg1 processes 228:236 bioethanol production processes 206:236 bioethanol production processes 206:236 Phenols are known as inhibitors for cellulases and fermentative microorganisms in bioethanol production processes. 26684987 8 1 theme ratio 1243:1247 arg1 cellulase 1249:1257 the ratio cellulase 1239:1257 the ratio cellulase per gram of lignin 1239:1276 This fact suggests the key role of lignin in the hydrolysis inhibition since in WIS the ratio cellulase per gram of lignin was much lower than in Sigmacell experiments. 26684987 8 1 theme ratio 1243:1247 arg1 lower 1287:1291 lower 1287:1291 lower 1287:1291 This fact suggests the key role of lignin in the hydrolysis inhibition since in WIS the ratio cellulase per gram of lignin was much lower than in Sigmacell experiments. 26684987 4 2 from effects 695:701 arg1 presence 727:734 presence 727:734 presence of lignin and phenols 727:756 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 6 3 theme % 982:982 arg1 reduction 984:992 55% reduction 980:992 55% reduction 980:992 Furthermore, this reduction was even more marked in presence of phenols (55% reduction). 26684987 4 4 theme lignin 535:540 arg1 extract 542:548 lignin extract 535:548 lignin extract 535:548 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 5 5 theme enzymatic 786:794 arg1 hydrolysis 796:805 enzymatic hydrolysis 786:805 enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract 786:838 The presence of laccase in enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract reduced glucose yield by 37% compared with assays without laccase. 26684987 9 6 theme xylose 1358:1363 arg1 recoveries 1365:1374 the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries 1333:1374 the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries 1333:1374 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 0 7 theme biomass 92:98 arg1 yields 65:70 enzymatic hydrolysis yields 44:70 enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass 44:98 Phenols and lignin: Key players in reducing enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass in presence of laccase. 26684987 4 8 theme water 603:607 arg1 WIS 635:637 WIS 635:637 WIS 635:637 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 4 8 theme water 603:607 arg1 fraction 625:632 its water insoluble solid fraction 599:632 its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) 599:638 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 0 9 theme steam-pretreated 75:90 arg1 biomass 92:98 steam-pretreated biomass 75:98 steam-pretreated biomass 75:98 Phenols and lignin: Key players in reducing enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass in presence of laccase. 26684987 9 10 theme cellobiohydrolases 1496:1513 arg1 inhibition 1466:1475 the inhibition 1462:1475 the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases 1462:1527 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 5 11 with hydrolysis 796:805 arg1 extract 832:838 lignin extract 825:838 lignin extract 825:838 The presence of laccase in enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract reduced glucose yield by 37% compared with assays without laccase. 26684987 6 12 theme phenols 971:977 arg1 presence 959:966 presence 959:966 presence of phenols 959:977 Furthermore, this reduction was even more marked in presence of phenols (55% reduction). 26684987 10 13 theme lignin 1561:1566 arg1 players 1607:1613 key players 1603:1613 key players in the inhibition of cellulases 1603:1645 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 10 13 theme lignin 1561:1566 arg1 composition 1576:1586 the composition 1572:1586 the composition of phenols 1572:1597 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 10 13 theme lignin 1561:1566 arg1 proportion 1547:1556 the proportion 1543:1556 the proportion of lignin 1543:1566 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 4 14 theme cellulosic 488:497 arg1 Sigmacell 510:518 Sigmacell 510:518 Sigmacell 510:518 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 4 14 theme cellulosic 488:497 arg1 substrate 499:507 a model cellulosic substrate 480:507 a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) 480:638 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 7 15 theme only 1132:1135 arg1 addition 1145:1152 only laccase addition 1132:1152 only laccase addition 1132:1152 Interestingly, when hydrolyzing WIS, the addition of phenols coupled with laccase treatment did not show a reduction when compared with only laccase addition. 26684987 8 16 theme hydrolysis 1204:1213 arg1 inhibition 1215:1224 the hydrolysis inhibition 1200:1224 the hydrolysis inhibition 1200:1224 This fact suggests the key role of lignin in the hydrolysis inhibition since in WIS the ratio cellulase per gram of lignin was much lower than in Sigmacell experiments. 26684987 4 17 theme enzymatic 658:666 arg1 hydrolysis 668:677 enzymatic hydrolysis 658:677 enzymatic hydrolysis 658:677 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 7 18 theme laccase 1070:1076 arg1 treatment 1078:1086 laccase treatment 1070:1086 laccase treatment 1070:1086 Interestingly, when hydrolyzing WIS, the addition of phenols coupled with laccase treatment did not show a reduction when compared with only laccase addition. 26684987 10 19 from players 1607:1613 arg1 inhibition 1622:1631 the inhibition 1618:1631 the inhibition of cellulases 1618:1645 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 2 20 theme phenolic 276:283 arg1 compounds 285:293 the phenolic compounds 272:293 the phenolic compounds 272:293 The addition of laccases removes the phenolic compounds and subsequently reduces the lag phase of the fermentative microorganism. 26684987 8 21 theme lignin 1190:1195 arg1 role 1182:1185 the key role 1174:1185 the key role of lignin in the hydrolysis inhibition 1174:1224 This fact suggests the key role of lignin in the hydrolysis inhibition since in WIS the ratio cellulase per gram of lignin was much lower than in Sigmacell experiments. 26684987 3 22 theme laccases 397:404 arg1 application 382:392 the application 378:392 the application of laccases 378:404 However, the application of laccases diminishes glucose release during the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26684987 7 23 theme phenols 1049:1055 arg1 addition 1037:1044 the addition 1033:1044 the addition of phenols coupled with laccase treatment 1033:1086 Interestingly, when hydrolyzing WIS, the addition of phenols coupled with laccase treatment did not show a reduction when compared with only laccase addition. 26684987 4 24 theme lignin 739:744 arg1 presence 727:734 presence 727:734 presence of lignin and phenols 727:756 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 8 25 from role 1182:1185 arg1 inhibition 1215:1224 the hydrolysis inhibition 1200:1224 the hydrolysis inhibition 1200:1224 This fact suggests the key role of lignin in the hydrolysis inhibition since in WIS the ratio cellulase per gram of lignin was much lower than in Sigmacell experiments. 26684987 3 26 theme enzymatic 444:452 arg1 hydrolysis 454:463 the enzymatic hydrolysis 440:463 the enzymatic hydrolysis 440:463 However, the application of laccases diminishes glucose release during the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26684987 5 27 theme Sigmacell 810:818 arg1 hydrolysis 796:805 enzymatic hydrolysis 786:805 enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract 786:838 The presence of laccase in enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract reduced glucose yield by 37% compared with assays without laccase. 26684987 8 28 theme key 1178:1180 arg1 role 1182:1185 the key role 1174:1185 the key role of lignin in the hydrolysis inhibition 1174:1224 This fact suggests the key role of lignin in the hydrolysis inhibition since in WIS the ratio cellulase per gram of lignin was much lower than in Sigmacell experiments. 26684987 10 29 theme cellulases 1636:1645 arg1 inhibition 1622:1631 the inhibition 1618:1631 the inhibition of cellulases 1618:1645 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 2 30 theme lag 324:326 arg1 phase 328:332 the lag phase 320:332 the lag phase of the fermentative microorganism 320:366 The addition of laccases removes the phenolic compounds and subsequently reduces the lag phase of the fermentative microorganism. 26684987 1 31 theme fermentative 175:186 arg1 microorganisms 188:201 fermentative microorganisms 175:201 fermentative microorganisms 175:201 Phenols are known as inhibitors for cellulases and fermentative microorganisms in bioethanol production processes. 26684987 4 32 theme wheat 574:578 arg1 straw 580:584 whole steam-pretreated wheat straw 551:584 whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) 551:593 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 4 32 theme wheat 574:578 arg1 slurry 587:592 slurry 587:592 slurry 587:592 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 0 33 theme laccase 115:121 arg1 presence 103:110 presence 103:110 presence of laccase 103:121 Phenols and lignin: Key players in reducing enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass in presence of laccase. 26684987 4 34 theme phenols 750:756 arg1 presence 727:734 presence 727:734 presence of lignin and phenols 727:756 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 5 35 theme lignin 825:830 arg1 extract 832:838 lignin extract 825:838 lignin extract 825:838 The presence of laccase in enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract reduced glucose yield by 37% compared with assays without laccase. 26684987 6 36 from marked 949:954 arg1 presence 959:966 presence 959:966 presence of phenols 959:977 Furthermore, this reduction was even more marked in presence of phenols (55% reduction). 26684987 9 37 dep lower 1337:1341 arg1 cellobiose 1343:1352 cellobiose 1343:1352 cellobiose 1343:1352 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 9 37 dep lower 1337:1341 arg1 the 1333:1335 the 1333:1335 the 1333:1335 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 8 38 theme lignin 1271:1276 arg1 gram 1263:1266 gram 1263:1266 gram of lignin 1263:1276 This fact suggests the key role of lignin in the hydrolysis inhibition since in WIS the ratio cellulase per gram of lignin was much lower than in Sigmacell experiments. 26684987 9 39 theme endoglucanases 1480:1493 arg1 inhibition 1466:1475 the inhibition 1462:1475 the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases 1462:1527 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 5 40 theme laccase 775:781 arg1 presence 763:770 The presence 759:770 The presence of laccase in enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract 759:838 The presence of laccase in enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract reduced glucose yield by 37% compared with assays without laccase. 26684987 4 41 theme laccase 706:712 arg1 treatment 714:722 laccase treatment 706:722 laccase treatment 706:722 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 5 42 theme glucose 848:854 arg1 yield 856:860 glucose yield 848:860 glucose yield 848:860 The presence of laccase in enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract reduced glucose yield by 37% compared with assays without laccase. 26684987 10 43 theme phenols 1591:1597 arg1 players 1607:1613 key players 1603:1613 key players in the inhibition of cellulases 1603:1645 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 10 43 theme phenols 1591:1597 arg1 composition 1576:1586 the composition 1572:1586 the composition of phenols 1572:1597 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 10 43 theme phenols 1591:1597 arg1 proportion 1547:1556 the proportion 1543:1556 the proportion of lignin 1543:1566 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 1 44 theme bioethanol 206:215 arg1 processes 228:236 bioethanol production processes 206:236 bioethanol production processes 206:236 Phenols are known as inhibitors for cellulases and fermentative microorganisms in bioethanol production processes. 26684987 0 45 theme Key 20:22 arg1 players 24:30 Key players 20:30 Phenols and lignin: Key players in reducing enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass in presence of laccase. 0:122 Phenols and lignin: Key players in reducing enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass in presence of laccase. 26684987 6 46 from presence 959:966 arg1 marked 949:954 marked 949:954 marked 949:954 Furthermore, this reduction was even more marked in presence of phenols (55% reduction). 26684987 4 47 theme model 482:486 arg1 Sigmacell 510:518 Sigmacell 510:518 Sigmacell 510:518 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 4 47 theme model 482:486 arg1 substrate 499:507 a model cellulosic substrate 480:507 a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) 480:638 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 1 48 theme production 217:226 arg1 processes 228:236 bioethanol production processes 206:236 bioethanol production processes 206:236 Phenols are known as inhibitors for cellulases and fermentative microorganisms in bioethanol production processes. 26684987 3 49 theme glucose 417:423 arg1 release 425:431 glucose release 417:431 glucose release 417:431 However, the application of laccases diminishes glucose release during the enzymatic hydrolysis. 26684987 9 50 theme laccase 1420:1426 arg1 oxidation 1428:1436 laccase oxidation 1420:1436 laccase oxidation 1420:1436 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 8 51 theme Sigmacell 1301:1309 arg1 experiments 1311:1321 Sigmacell experiments 1301:1321 Sigmacell experiments 1301:1321 This fact suggests the key role of lignin in the hydrolysis inhibition since in WIS the ratio cellulase per gram of lignin was much lower than in Sigmacell experiments. 26684987 2 52 theme microorganism 354:366 arg1 phase 328:332 the lag phase 320:332 the lag phase of the fermentative microorganism 320:366 The addition of laccases removes the phenolic compounds and subsequently reduces the lag phase of the fermentative microorganism. 26684987 4 53 theme steam-pretreated 557:572 arg1 straw 580:584 whole steam-pretreated wheat straw 551:584 whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) 551:593 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 4 53 theme steam-pretreated 557:572 arg1 slurry 587:592 slurry 587:592 slurry 587:592 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 10 54 theme laccases 1694:1701 arg1 detoxification 1703:1716 laccases detoxification 1694:1716 laccases detoxification 1694:1716 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 5 55 from presence 763:770 arg1 hydrolysis 796:805 enzymatic hydrolysis 786:805 enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract 786:838 The presence of laccase in enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract reduced glucose yield by 37% compared with assays without laccase. 26684987 9 56 dep point 1376:1380 arg1 out 1382:1384 out 1382:1384 out 1382:1384 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 1 57 from microorganisms 188:201 arg1 processes 228:236 bioethanol production processes 206:236 bioethanol production processes 206:236 Phenols are known as inhibitors for cellulases and fermentative microorganisms in bioethanol production processes. 26684987 2 58 theme fermentative 341:352 arg1 microorganism 354:366 the fermentative microorganism 337:366 the fermentative microorganism 337:366 The addition of laccases removes the phenolic compounds and subsequently reduces the lag phase of the fermentative microorganism. 26684987 4 59 theme whole 551:555 arg1 straw 580:584 whole steam-pretreated wheat straw 551:584 whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) 551:593 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 4 59 theme whole 551:555 arg1 slurry 587:592 slurry 587:592 slurry 587:592 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 4 60 theme treatment 714:722 arg1 effects 695:701 the effects 691:701 the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols 691:756 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 6 61 dep marked 949:954 arg1 reduction 984:992 55% reduction 980:992 55% reduction 980:992 Furthermore, this reduction was even more marked in presence of phenols (55% reduction). 26684987 5 62 attach presence 763:770 arg2 laccase 775:781 laccase 775:781 laccase 775:781 The presence of laccase in enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract reduced glucose yield by 37% compared with assays without laccase. 26684987 5 62 attach presence 763:770 arg1 hydrolysis 796:805 enzymatic hydrolysis 786:805 enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract 786:838 The presence of laccase in enzymatic hydrolysis of Sigmacell with lignin extract reduced glucose yield by 37% compared with assays without laccase. 26684987 4 63 theme solid 619:623 arg1 WIS 635:637 WIS 635:637 WIS 635:637 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 4 63 theme solid 619:623 arg1 fraction 625:632 its water insoluble solid fraction 599:632 its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) 599:638 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 9 64 theme xylanases 1519:1527 arg1 inhibition 1466:1475 the inhibition 1462:1475 the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases 1462:1527 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 9 65 theme phenolic 1391:1398 arg1 oligomers 1400:1408 phenolic oligomers 1391:1408 phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation 1391:1436 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 4 66 theme insoluble 609:617 arg1 WIS 635:637 WIS 635:637 WIS 635:637 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 4 66 theme insoluble 609:617 arg1 fraction 625:632 its water insoluble solid fraction 599:632 its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) 599:638 In this study a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) together with lignin extract, whole steam-pretreated wheat straw (slurry) and its water insoluble solid fraction (WIS) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate the effects of laccase treatment in presence of lignin and phenols. 26684987 0 67 theme hydrolysis 54:63 arg1 yields 65:70 enzymatic hydrolysis yields 44:70 enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass 44:98 Phenols and lignin: Key players in reducing enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass in presence of laccase. 26684987 2 68 theme laccases 255:262 arg1 addition 243:250 The addition 239:250 The addition of laccases 239:262 The addition of laccases removes the phenolic compounds and subsequently reduces the lag phase of the fermentative microorganism. 26684987 9 69 theme important 1443:1451 arg1 roles 1453:1457 important roles 1443:1457 important roles 1443:1457 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 10 70 theme key 1603:1605 arg1 players 1607:1613 key players 1603:1613 key players in the inhibition of cellulases 1603:1645 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 10 70 theme key 1603:1605 arg1 composition 1576:1586 the composition 1572:1586 the composition of phenols 1572:1597 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 10 70 theme key 1603:1605 arg1 proportion 1547:1556 the proportion 1543:1556 the proportion of lignin 1543:1566 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 26684987 9 71 theme lower 1337:1341 arg1 recoveries 1365:1374 the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries 1333:1374 the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries 1333:1374 Finally, the lower cellobiose and xylose recoveries point out that phenolic oligomers formed by laccase oxidation play important roles in the inhibition of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. 26684987 0 72 theme enzymatic 44:52 arg1 yields 65:70 enzymatic hydrolysis yields 44:70 enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass 44:98 Phenols and lignin: Key players in reducing enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass in presence of laccase. 26684987 0 73 dep Phenols 0:6 arg1 players 24:30 Key players 20:30 Phenols and lignin: Key players in reducing enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass in presence of laccase. 0:122 Phenols and lignin: Key players in reducing enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam-pretreated biomass in presence of laccase. 26684987 7 74 theme laccase 1137:1143 arg1 addition 1145:1152 only laccase addition 1132:1152 only laccase addition 1132:1152 Interestingly, when hydrolyzing WIS, the addition of phenols coupled with laccase treatment did not show a reduction when compared with only laccase addition. 26684987 10 75 theme enzymatic 1656:1664 arg1 hydrolysis 1666:1675 the enzymatic hydrolysis 1652:1675 the enzymatic hydrolysis 1652:1675 To conclude, the proportion of lignin and the composition of phenols are key players in the inhibition of cellulases when the enzymatic hydrolysis is combined with laccases detoxification. 27368532 0 0 theme Matrix 77:82 arg1 Composition 25:35 Composition 25:35 Composition 25:35 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes Exposed to Fluoride. 27368532 0 0 theme Matrix 77:82 arg1 Degradation 41:51 Degradation 41:51 Degradation 41:51 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes Exposed to Fluoride. 27368532 7 1 theme protein 1224:1230 arg1 expression 1232:1241 the protein expression 1220:1241 the protein expression of the Acan 1220:1253 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 3 2 theme F 432:432 arg1 mothers 454:460 F and choline as they mothers 432:460 F and choline as they mothers 432:460 Newborn mice were weaned at 21 days after birth and treated with the same doses of F and choline as they mothers for 12 weeks. 27368532 0 3 theme Extracellular 63:75 arg1 Matrix 77:82 Extracellular Matrix 63:82 Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes 63:103 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes Exposed to Fluoride. 27368532 5 4 theme Aggrecan 760:767 arg1 abnormal 848:855 abnormal 848:855 abnormal 848:855 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 4 theme Aggrecan 760:767 arg1 expression 742:751 the expression 738:751 the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene 738:841 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 6 5 theme western 949:955 arg1 blotting 957:964 western blotting 949:964 The western blotting results 945:972 The western blotting results show that the protein expression of Aggrecanases-1 was significantly increased in the HiF group (p < 0.01). 27368532 4 6 theme HE 501:502 arg1 staining 505:512 hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining 482:512 hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining 482:512 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 0 7 theme Mice 87:90 arg1 Chondrocytes 92:103 Mice Chondrocytes 87:103 Mice Chondrocytes 87:103 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes Exposed to Fluoride. 27368532 0 8 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Composition 25:35 Composition 25:35 Composition 25:35 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes Exposed to Fluoride. 27368532 0 8 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Degradation 41:51 Degradation 41:51 Degradation 41:51 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes Exposed to Fluoride. 27368532 5 9 theme high 864:867 arg1 group 884:888 the high fluoride (HiF) group 860:888 the high fluoride (HiF) group 860:888 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 6 10 theme Aggrecanases-1 1010:1023 arg1 expression 996:1005 the protein expression 984:1005 the protein expression of Aggrecanases-1 984:1023 The western blotting results show that the protein expression of Aggrecanases-1 was significantly increased in the HiF group (p < 0.01). 27368532 4 11 theme mRNA 622:625 arg1 enzymes 686:692 degradation enzymes 674:692 degradation enzymes 674:692 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 4 11 theme mRNA 622:625 arg1 structure 576:584 the structure 572:584 the structure of the cartilage 572:601 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 4 11 theme mRNA 622:625 arg1 expression 608:617 the expression 604:617 the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG) 604:667 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 4 12 theme related 639:645 arg1 mRNA 622:625 mRNA 622:625 mRNA 622:625 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 5 13 theme transforming 777:788 arg1 beta 804:807 transforming growth factor beta 777:807 transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) 777:816 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 13 theme transforming 777:788 arg1 TGF-β1 810:815 TGF-β1 810:815 TGF-β1 810:815 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 4 14 from changes 561:567 arg1 enzymes 686:692 degradation enzymes 674:692 degradation enzymes 674:692 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 4 14 from changes 561:567 arg1 structure 576:584 the structure 572:584 the structure of the cartilage 572:601 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 4 14 from changes 561:567 arg1 expression 608:617 the expression 604:617 the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG) 604:667 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 2 15 theme choline 340:346 arg1 choline 340:346 choline 340:346 choline 340:346 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 27368532 2 15 theme choline 340:346 arg1 F 334:334 F 334:334 F 334:334 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 27368532 2 15 theme choline 340:346 arg1 amounts 323:329 differing amounts 313:329 differing amounts of F and choline 313:346 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 27368532 0 16 theme Chondrocytes 92:103 arg1 Matrix 77:82 Extracellular Matrix 63:82 Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes 63:103 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes Exposed to Fluoride. 27368532 3 17 theme mothers 454:460 arg1 doses 423:427 the same doses 414:427 the same doses of F and choline as they mothers 414:460 Newborn mice were weaned at 21 days after birth and treated with the same doses of F and choline as they mothers for 12 weeks. 27368532 7 18 theme Acan 1250:1253 arg1 expression 1168:1177 the gene expression 1159:1177 the gene expression of the Acan 1159:1189 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 18 theme Acan 1250:1253 arg1 morphology 1127:1136 the morphology 1123:1136 the morphology of cartilage tissue 1123:1156 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 18 theme Acan 1250:1253 arg1 expression 1232:1241 the protein expression 1220:1241 the protein expression of the Acan 1220:1253 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 18 theme Acan 1250:1253 arg1 Aggrecanases-1 1200:1213 Aggrecanases-1 1200:1213 Aggrecanases-1 1200:1213 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 18 theme Acan 1250:1253 arg1 TGF-β1 1192:1197 TGF-β1 1192:1197 TGF-β1 1192:1197 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 2 19 theme choline 272:278 arg1 action 262:267 the action 258:267 the action of choline 258:278 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 27368532 2 20 theme F 334:334 arg1 choline 340:346 choline 340:346 choline 340:346 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 27368532 2 20 theme F 334:334 arg1 F 334:334 F 334:334 F 334:334 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 27368532 2 20 theme F 334:334 arg1 amounts 323:329 differing amounts 313:329 differing amounts of F and choline 313:346 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 27368532 5 21 from abnormal 848:855 arg1 group 884:888 the high fluoride (HiF) group 860:888 the high fluoride (HiF) group 860:888 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 22 theme factor 797:802 arg1 beta 804:807 transforming growth factor beta 777:807 transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) 777:816 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 22 theme factor 797:802 arg1 TGF-β1 810:815 TGF-β1 810:815 TGF-β1 810:815 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 23 with treatments 895:904 arg1 choline 911:917 choline 911:917 choline 911:917 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 7 24 theme cartilage 1141:1149 arg1 tissue 1151:1156 cartilage tissue 1141:1156 cartilage tissue 1141:1156 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 25 theme Acan 1186:1189 arg1 expression 1168:1177 the gene expression 1159:1177 the gene expression of the Acan 1159:1189 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 25 theme Acan 1186:1189 arg1 morphology 1127:1136 the morphology 1123:1136 the morphology of cartilage tissue 1123:1156 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 25 theme Acan 1186:1189 arg1 expression 1232:1241 the protein expression 1220:1241 the protein expression of the Acan 1220:1253 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 25 theme Acan 1186:1189 arg1 Aggrecanases-1 1200:1213 Aggrecanases-1 1200:1213 Aggrecanases-1 1200:1213 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 25 theme Acan 1186:1189 arg1 TGF-β1 1192:1197 TGF-β1 1192:1197 TGF-β1 1192:1197 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 4 26 theme protein 631:637 arg1 enzymes 686:692 degradation enzymes 674:692 degradation enzymes 674:692 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 4 26 theme protein 631:637 arg1 structure 576:584 the structure 572:584 the structure of the cartilage 572:601 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 4 26 theme protein 631:637 arg1 expression 608:617 the expression 604:617 the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG) 604:667 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 1 27 theme chondrocyte 174:184 arg1 matrix 186:191 chondrocyte matrix 174:191 chondrocyte matrix 174:191 Choline has been shown to mediate damage of the chondrocyte matrix and degradation enzymes of mice exposed to fluoride (F). 27368532 0 28 theme Choline 10:16 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes 0:103 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes Exposed to Fluoride. 27368532 1 29 theme matrix 186:191 arg1 damage 160:165 damage 160:165 damage of the chondrocyte matrix and degradation enzymes of mice exposed to fluoride (F) 160:247 Choline has been shown to mediate damage of the chondrocyte matrix and degradation enzymes of mice exposed to fluoride (F). 27368532 4 30 theme hematoxylin-eosin 482:498 arg1 staining 505:512 hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining 482:512 hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining 482:512 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 6 31 theme HiF 1060:1062 arg1 p < 0.01 1071:1078 p < 0.01 1071:1078 p < 0.01 1071:1078 The western blotting results show that the protein expression of Aggrecanases-1 was significantly increased in the HiF group (p < 0.01). 27368532 6 31 theme HiF 1060:1062 arg1 group 1064:1068 the HiF group 1056:1068 the HiF group (p < 0.01) 1056:1079 The western blotting results show that the protein expression of Aggrecanases-1 was significantly increased in the HiF group (p < 0.01). 27368532 5 32 theme RT-PCR 713:718 arg1 results 720:726 The RT-PCR results 709:726 The RT-PCR results 709:726 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 7 33 theme F 1301:1301 arg1 effect 1291:1296 the effect 1287:1296 the effect of F 1287:1301 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 4 34 theme western 543:549 arg1 blotting 551:558 western blotting 543:558 western blotting 543:558 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 7 35 theme tissue 1151:1156 arg1 expression 1168:1177 the gene expression 1159:1177 the gene expression of the Acan 1159:1189 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 35 theme tissue 1151:1156 arg1 morphology 1127:1136 the morphology 1123:1136 the morphology of cartilage tissue 1123:1156 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 35 theme tissue 1151:1156 arg1 expression 1232:1241 the protein expression 1220:1241 the protein expression of the Acan 1220:1253 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 35 theme tissue 1151:1156 arg1 Aggrecanases-1 1200:1213 Aggrecanases-1 1200:1213 Aggrecanases-1 1200:1213 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 7 35 theme tissue 1151:1156 arg1 TGF-β1 1192:1197 TGF-β1 1192:1197 TGF-β1 1192:1197 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 4 36 theme degradation 674:684 arg1 enzymes 686:692 degradation enzymes 674:692 degradation enzymes 674:692 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 1 37 theme degradation 197:207 arg1 enzymes 209:215 degradation enzymes 197:215 degradation enzymes 197:215 Choline has been shown to mediate damage of the chondrocyte matrix and degradation enzymes of mice exposed to fluoride (F). 27368532 8 38 theme fluorosis 1367:1375 arg1 prevention 1353:1362 prevention 1353:1362 prevention 1353:1362 This may provide the basis for the treatment and prevention of fluorosis. 27368532 8 38 theme fluorosis 1367:1375 arg1 treatment 1339:1347 treatment 1339:1347 treatment 1339:1347 This may provide the basis for the treatment and prevention of fluorosis. 27368532 8 39 dep treatment 1339:1347 arg1 the 1335:1337 the 1335:1337 the 1335:1337 This may provide the basis for the treatment and prevention of fluorosis. 27368532 0 40 dep Composition 25:35 arg1 Enzyme 53:58 Enzyme 53:58 Enzyme 53:58 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes Exposed to Fluoride. 27368532 0 40 dep Composition 25:35 arg1 the 21:23 the 21:23 the 21:23 Effect of Choline on the Composition and Degradation Enzyme of Extracellular Matrix of Mice Chondrocytes Exposed to Fluoride. 27368532 6 41 theme blotting 957:964 arg1 results 966:972 The western blotting results 945:972 The western blotting results 945:972 The western blotting results show that the protein expression of Aggrecanases-1 was significantly increased in the HiF group (p < 0.01). 27368532 3 42 theme Newborn 349:355 arg1 mice 357:360 Newborn mice 349:360 Newborn mice 349:360 Newborn mice were weaned at 21 days after birth and treated with the same doses of F and choline as they mothers for 12 weeks. 27368532 5 43 theme fluoride 869:876 arg1 group 884:888 the high fluoride (HiF) group 860:888 the high fluoride (HiF) group 860:888 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 4 44 theme cartilage 593:601 arg1 enzymes 686:692 degradation enzymes 674:692 degradation enzymes 674:692 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 4 44 theme cartilage 593:601 arg1 structure 576:584 the structure 572:584 the structure of the cartilage 572:601 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 4 44 theme cartilage 593:601 arg1 expression 608:617 the expression 604:617 the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG) 604:667 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 7 45 theme gene 1163:1166 arg1 expression 1168:1177 the gene expression 1159:1177 the gene expression of the Acan 1159:1189 These findings suggest that F can change the morphology of cartilage tissue, the gene expression of the Acan, TGF-β1, Aggrecanases-1, and the protein expression of the Acan, and that choline can attenuate the effect of F. 27368532 5 46 theme growth 790:795 arg1 beta 804:807 transforming growth factor beta 777:807 transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) 777:816 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 46 theme growth 790:795 arg1 TGF-β1 810:815 TGF-β1 810:815 TGF-β1 810:815 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 47 theme HiF 879:881 arg1 group 884:888 the high fluoride (HiF) group 860:888 the high fluoride (HiF) group 860:888 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 48 theme Aggrecanases-1 823:836 arg1 gene 838:841 Aggrecanases-1 gene 823:841 Aggrecanases-1 gene 823:841 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 2 49 theme pregnant 281:288 arg1 mice 290:293 pregnant mice 281:293 pregnant mice 281:293 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 27368532 5 50 theme beta 804:807 arg1 abnormal 848:855 abnormal 848:855 abnormal 848:855 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 50 theme beta 804:807 arg1 expression 742:751 the expression 738:751 the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene 738:841 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 1 51 theme enzymes 209:215 arg1 damage 160:165 damage 160:165 damage of the chondrocyte matrix and degradation enzymes of mice exposed to fluoride (F) 160:247 Choline has been shown to mediate damage of the chondrocyte matrix and degradation enzymes of mice exposed to fluoride (F). 27368532 6 52 theme protein 988:994 arg1 expression 996:1005 the protein expression 984:1005 the protein expression of Aggrecanases-1 984:1023 The western blotting results show that the protein expression of Aggrecanases-1 was significantly increased in the HiF group (p < 0.01). 27368532 5 53 theme gene 838:841 arg1 abnormal 848:855 abnormal 848:855 abnormal 848:855 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 53 theme gene 838:841 arg1 expression 742:751 the expression 738:751 the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene 738:841 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 3 54 theme same 418:421 arg1 doses 423:427 the same doses 414:427 the same doses of F and choline as they mothers 414:460 Newborn mice were weaned at 21 days after birth and treated with the same doses of F and choline as they mothers for 12 weeks. 27368532 4 55 theme real-time 515:523 arg1 PCR 525:527 real-time PCR 515:527 real-time PCR (RT-PCR) 515:536 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 4 55 theme real-time 515:523 arg1 RT-PCR 530:535 RT-PCR 530:535 RT-PCR 530:535 Using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting, changes in the structure of the cartilage, the expression of mRNA and protein related to proteoglycans (PG), and degradation enzymes were detected. 27368532 3 56 theme choline 438:444 arg1 mothers 454:460 F and choline as they mothers 432:460 F and choline as they mothers 432:460 Newborn mice were weaned at 21 days after birth and treated with the same doses of F and choline as they mothers for 12 weeks. 27368532 1 57 theme mice 220:223 arg1 matrix 186:191 chondrocyte matrix 174:191 chondrocyte matrix 174:191 Choline has been shown to mediate damage of the chondrocyte matrix and degradation enzymes of mice exposed to fluoride (F). 27368532 1 57 theme mice 220:223 arg1 enzymes 209:215 degradation enzymes 197:215 degradation enzymes 197:215 Choline has been shown to mediate damage of the chondrocyte matrix and degradation enzymes of mice exposed to fluoride (F). 27368532 5 58 from group 884:888 arg1 abnormal 848:855 abnormal 848:855 abnormal 848:855 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 5 58 from group 884:888 arg1 expression 742:751 the expression 738:751 the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene 738:841 The RT-PCR results show that the expression of the Aggrecan (Acan), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and Aggrecanases-1 gene were abnormal in the high fluoride (HiF) group, and treatments with choline reversed this phenomenon. 27368532 1 59 dep matrix 186:191 arg1 the 170:172 the 170:172 the 170:172 Choline has been shown to mediate damage of the chondrocyte matrix and degradation enzymes of mice exposed to fluoride (F). 27368532 2 60 theme differing 313:321 arg1 choline 340:346 choline 340:346 choline 340:346 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 27368532 2 60 theme differing 313:321 arg1 F 334:334 F 334:334 F 334:334 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 27368532 2 60 theme differing 313:321 arg1 amounts 323:329 differing amounts 313:329 differing amounts of F and choline 313:346 To test the action of choline, pregnant mice were treated with differing amounts of F and choline. 25139402 4 0 from overwintering 632:644 arg1 laboratory 653:662 the laboratory 649:662 the laboratory 649:662 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 5 1 theme brief 798:802 arg1 exposures 804:812 brief exposures 798:812 brief exposures to -30°C 798:821 Overwintering pupae had supercooling points around -20.5°C and survived brief exposures to -30°C, suggesting partial freeze tolerance. 25139402 12 2 theme temperate 1864:1872 arg1 ectotherms 1874:1883 other temperate ectotherms 1858:1883 other temperate ectotherms 1858:1883 Cold snaps in the spring are increasing in frequency as a result of global climate change, so are likely to be a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms. 25139402 12 3 theme climate 1766:1772 arg1 change 1774:1779 global climate change 1759:1779 global climate change 1759:1779 Cold snaps in the spring are increasing in frequency as a result of global climate change, so are likely to be a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms. 25139402 6 4 contain had 881:883 arg1 pupae 875:879 Overwintering pupae 861:879 Overwintering pupae 861:879 Overwintering pupae had hemolymph osmolality of approximately 920 mOsm, imparted by high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺. 25139402 6 4 contain had 881:883 arg2 osmolality 895:904 hemolymph osmolality 885:904 hemolymph osmolality 885:904 Overwintering pupae had hemolymph osmolality of approximately 920 mOsm, imparted by high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺. 25139402 4 5 theme zelicaon 609:616 arg1 pupae 619:623 Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae 582:623 Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae 582:623 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 10 6 theme cold 1531:1534 arg1 hardiness 1536:1544 cold hardiness 1531:1544 cold hardiness 1531:1544 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 4 7 theme cold 538:541 arg1 tolerance 543:551 cold tolerance 538:551 cold tolerance 538:551 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 7 8 theme 0 1140:1140 arg1 % 1135:1135 % 1135:1135 % 1135:1135 After exposure to spring warming, supercooling points increased to approximately -17°C, and survival of a 1h exposure to -20°C decreased from 100% to 0%. 25139402 4 9 from temperatures 702:713 arg1 spring 718:723 spring 718:723 spring 718:723 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 4 10 theme Papilio 601:607 arg1 pupae 619:623 Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae 582:623 Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae 582:623 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 5 11 theme supercooling 750:761 arg1 points 763:768 supercooling points 750:768 supercooling points around -20.5°C 750:783 Overwintering pupae had supercooling points around -20.5°C and survived brief exposures to -30°C, suggesting partial freeze tolerance. 25139402 6 12 theme high 945:948 arg1 concentrations 950:963 high concentrations 945:963 high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺ 945:987 Overwintering pupae had hemolymph osmolality of approximately 920 mOsm, imparted by high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺. 25139402 7 13 theme 100 1132:1134 arg1 % 1135:1135 % 1135:1135 % 1135:1135 After exposure to spring warming, supercooling points increased to approximately -17°C, and survival of a 1h exposure to -20°C decreased from 100% to 0%. 25139402 7 14 dep % 1135:1135 arg1 to 1137:1138 to 1137:1138 to 1137:1138 After exposure to spring warming, supercooling points increased to approximately -17°C, and survival of a 1h exposure to -20°C decreased from 100% to 0%. 25139402 4 15 theme pupae 619:623 arg1 tolerance 543:551 cold tolerance 538:551 cold tolerance 538:551 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 4 15 theme pupae 619:623 arg1 composition 567:577 hemolymph composition 557:577 hemolymph composition 557:577 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 9 16 theme weather 1315:1321 arg1 conditions 1323:1332 weather conditions 1315:1332 weather conditions 1315:1332 We compared cold tolerance of pupae to weather conditions at and beyond the species' northern range boundary. 25139402 10 17 theme lower 1444:1448 arg1 temperature 1457:1467 the lower lethal temperature 1440:1467 the lower lethal temperature of pupae 1440:1476 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 12 18 theme Cold 1691:1694 arg1 snaps 1696:1700 Cold snaps 1691:1700 Cold snaps in the spring 1691:1714 Cold snaps in the spring are increasing in frequency as a result of global climate change, so are likely to be a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms. 25139402 8 19 theme decreased 1183:1191 arg1 osmolality 1203:1212 decreased hemolymph osmolality 1183:1212 decreased hemolymph osmolality 1183:1212 This deacclimation was associated with decreased hemolymph osmolality and reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations. 25139402 10 20 theme lethal 1450:1455 arg1 temperature 1457:1467 the lower lethal temperature 1440:1467 the lower lethal temperature of pupae 1440:1476 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 5 21 theme partial 835:841 arg1 tolerance 850:858 partial freeze tolerance 835:858 partial freeze tolerance 835:858 Overwintering pupae had supercooling points around -20.5°C and survived brief exposures to -30°C, suggesting partial freeze tolerance. 25139402 1 22 theme Seasonally-acquired 74:92 arg1 tolerance 99:107 Seasonally-acquired cold tolerance 74:107 Seasonally-acquired cold tolerance 74:107 Seasonally-acquired cold tolerance can be reversed at warm temperatures, leaving temperate ectotherms vulnerable to cold snaps. 25139402 4 23 theme days 680:683 arg1 exposure 685:692 four days exposure 675:692 four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring 675:723 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 8 24 theme trehalose 1236:1244 arg1 concentrations 1260:1273 reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations 1218:1273 reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations 1218:1273 This deacclimation was associated with decreased hemolymph osmolality and reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations. 25139402 0 25 theme overwintering 36:48 arg1 pupae 67:71 overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae 36:71 overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae 36:71 Cold hardiness and deacclimation of overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae. 25139402 1 26 theme cold 94:97 arg1 tolerance 99:107 Seasonally-acquired cold tolerance 74:107 Seasonally-acquired cold tolerance 74:107 Seasonally-acquired cold tolerance can be reversed at warm temperatures, leaving temperate ectotherms vulnerable to cold snaps. 25139402 1 27 theme cold 190:193 arg1 snaps 195:199 cold snaps 190:199 cold snaps 190:199 Seasonally-acquired cold tolerance can be reversed at warm temperatures, leaving temperate ectotherms vulnerable to cold snaps. 25139402 3 28 theme low 387:389 arg1 temperature 391:401 low temperature 387:401 low temperature 387:401 Swallowtail butterflies are widely distributed but in some cases their range is limited by low temperature and their cold tolerance is seasonally acquired, implying that they experience mortality resulting from deacclimation. 25139402 6 29 theme mOsm 927:930 arg1 osmolality 895:904 hemolymph osmolality 885:904 hemolymph osmolality 885:904 Overwintering pupae had hemolymph osmolality of approximately 920 mOsm, imparted by high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺. 25139402 0 30 theme Cold 0:3 arg1 hardiness 5:13 Cold hardiness 0:13 Cold hardiness 0:13 Cold hardiness and deacclimation of overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae. 25139402 4 31 theme Anise 582:586 arg1 pupae 619:623 Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae 582:623 Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae 582:623 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 9 32 theme cold 1288:1291 arg1 tolerance 1293:1301 cold tolerance 1288:1301 cold tolerance of pupae to weather conditions 1288:1332 We compared cold tolerance of pupae to weather conditions at and beyond the species' northern range boundary. 25139402 8 33 theme Ca²⁺ 1255:1258 arg1 concentrations 1260:1273 reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations 1218:1273 reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations 1218:1273 This deacclimation was associated with decreased hemolymph osmolality and reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations. 25139402 8 34 theme reduced 1218:1224 arg1 concentrations 1260:1273 reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations 1218:1273 reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations 1218:1273 This deacclimation was associated with decreased hemolymph osmolality and reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations. 25139402 5 35 theme freeze 843:848 arg1 tolerance 850:858 partial freeze tolerance 835:858 partial freeze tolerance 835:858 Overwintering pupae had supercooling points around -20.5°C and survived brief exposures to -30°C, suggesting partial freeze tolerance. 25139402 7 36 theme 1h 1096:1097 arg1 exposure 1099:1106 a 1h exposure 1094:1106 a 1h exposure to -20°C 1094:1115 After exposure to spring warming, supercooling points increased to approximately -17°C, and survival of a 1h exposure to -20°C decreased from 100% to 0%. 25139402 10 37 theme range 1414:1418 arg1 boundary 1420:1427 the range boundary 1410:1427 the range boundary 1410:1427 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 10 38 theme pupae 1472:1476 arg1 temperature 1457:1467 the lower lethal temperature 1440:1467 the lower lethal temperature of pupae 1440:1476 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 12 39 theme mortality 1826:1834 arg1 source 1816:1821 a significant source 1802:1821 a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms 1802:1883 Cold snaps in the spring are increasing in frequency as a result of global climate change, so are likely to be a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms. 25139402 7 40 theme exposure 1099:1106 arg1 survival 1082:1089 survival 1082:1089 survival of a 1h exposure to -20°C 1082:1115 After exposure to spring warming, supercooling points increased to approximately -17°C, and survival of a 1h exposure to -20°C decreased from 100% to 0%. 25139402 11 41 theme years 1684:1688 arg1 years 1684:1688 the past three years 1669:1688 the past three years 1669:1688 Minimum temperatures following warm snaps were likely to cause mortality in at least one of the past three years. 25139402 11 41 theme years 1684:1688 arg1 one 1662:1664 one 1662:1664 one 1662:1664 Minimum temperatures following warm snaps were likely to cause mortality in at least one of the past three years. 25139402 10 42 from boundary 1420:1427 arg1 temperatures 1394:1405 Minimum temperatures 1386:1405 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary 1386:1427 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 3 43 theme cold 413:416 arg1 tolerance 418:426 their cold tolerance 407:426 their cold tolerance 407:426 Swallowtail butterflies are widely distributed but in some cases their range is limited by low temperature and their cold tolerance is seasonally acquired, implying that they experience mortality resulting from deacclimation. 25139402 4 44 theme swallowtail 588:598 arg1 pupae 619:623 Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae 582:623 Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae 582:623 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 12 45 theme other 1858:1862 arg1 ectotherms 1874:1883 other temperate ectotherms 1858:1883 other temperate ectotherms 1858:1883 Cold snaps in the spring are increasing in frequency as a result of global climate change, so are likely to be a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms. 25139402 8 46 theme glycerol 1226:1233 arg1 concentrations 1260:1273 reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations 1218:1273 reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations 1218:1273 This deacclimation was associated with decreased hemolymph osmolality and reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations. 25139402 6 47 theme Na⁺ 985:987 arg1 concentrations 950:963 high concentrations 945:963 high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺ 945:987 Overwintering pupae had hemolymph osmolality of approximately 920 mOsm, imparted by high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺. 25139402 10 48 theme colder 1488:1493 arg1 north 1495:1499 colder north 1488:1499 colder north of the range 1488:1512 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 11 49 theme past 1673:1676 arg1 years 1684:1688 the past three years 1669:1688 the past three years 1669:1688 Minimum temperatures following warm snaps were likely to cause mortality in at least one of the past three years. 25139402 2 50 theme underlying 234:243 arg1 mechanisms 245:254 its underlying mechanisms 230:254 its underlying mechanisms 230:254 However, deacclimation, and its underlying mechanisms, has not been well-explored in insects. 25139402 10 51 theme northern 1554:1561 arg1 limits 1569:1574 northern range limits 1554:1574 northern range limits 1554:1574 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 0 52 theme zelicaon 58:65 arg1 pupae 67:71 overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae 36:71 overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae 36:71 Cold hardiness and deacclimation of overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae. 25139402 9 53 theme northern 1361:1368 arg1 boundary 1376:1383 the species' northern range boundary 1348:1383 the species' northern range boundary 1348:1383 We compared cold tolerance of pupae to weather conditions at and beyond the species' northern range boundary. 25139402 12 54 from snaps 1696:1700 arg1 spring 1709:1714 the spring 1705:1714 the spring 1705:1714 Cold snaps in the spring are increasing in frequency as a result of global climate change, so are likely to be a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms. 25139402 11 55 theme warm 1608:1611 arg1 snaps 1613:1617 warm snaps 1608:1617 warm snaps 1608:1617 Minimum temperatures following warm snaps were likely to cause mortality in at least one of the past three years. 25139402 0 56 theme Papilio 50:56 arg1 pupae 67:71 overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae 36:71 overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae 36:71 Cold hardiness and deacclimation of overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae. 25139402 6 57 theme K⁺ 978:979 arg1 concentrations 950:963 high concentrations 945:963 high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺ 945:987 Overwintering pupae had hemolymph osmolality of approximately 920 mOsm, imparted by high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺. 25139402 6 58 theme hemolymph 885:893 arg1 osmolality 895:904 hemolymph osmolality 885:904 hemolymph osmolality 885:904 Overwintering pupae had hemolymph osmolality of approximately 920 mOsm, imparted by high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺. 25139402 11 59 theme Minimum 1577:1583 arg1 temperatures 1585:1596 Minimum temperatures 1577:1596 Minimum temperatures following warm snaps 1577:1617 Minimum temperatures following warm snaps were likely to cause mortality in at least one of the past three years. 25139402 1 60 theme warm 128:131 arg1 temperatures 133:144 warm temperatures 128:144 warm temperatures 128:144 Seasonally-acquired cold tolerance can be reversed at warm temperatures, leaving temperate ectotherms vulnerable to cold snaps. 25139402 4 61 theme hemolymph 557:565 arg1 composition 567:577 hemolymph composition 557:577 hemolymph composition 557:577 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 3 62 theme Swallowtail 296:306 arg1 butterflies 308:318 Swallowtail butterflies 296:318 Swallowtail butterflies 296:318 Swallowtail butterflies are widely distributed but in some cases their range is limited by low temperature and their cold tolerance is seasonally acquired, implying that they experience mortality resulting from deacclimation. 25139402 12 63 theme significant 1804:1814 arg1 source 1816:1821 a significant source 1802:1821 a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms 1802:1883 Cold snaps in the spring are increasing in frequency as a result of global climate change, so are likely to be a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms. 25139402 12 64 theme change 1774:1779 arg1 result 1749:1754 a result 1747:1754 a result of global climate change 1747:1779 Cold snaps in the spring are increasing in frequency as a result of global climate change, so are likely to be a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms. 25139402 10 65 theme range 1508:1512 arg1 north 1495:1499 colder north 1488:1499 colder north of the range 1488:1512 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 8 66 theme hemolymph 1193:1201 arg1 osmolality 1203:1212 decreased hemolymph osmolality 1183:1212 decreased hemolymph osmolality 1183:1212 This deacclimation was associated with decreased hemolymph osmolality and reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations. 25139402 12 67 theme global 1759:1764 arg1 change 1774:1779 global climate change 1759:1779 global climate change 1759:1779 Cold snaps in the spring are increasing in frequency as a result of global climate change, so are likely to be a significant source of mortality for this species, and other temperate ectotherms. 25139402 4 68 theme warm 697:700 arg1 temperatures 702:713 warm temperatures 697:713 warm temperatures in spring 697:723 We investigated cold tolerance and hemolymph composition of Anise swallowtail (Papilio zelicaon) pupae during overwintering in the laboratory, and after four days exposure to warm temperatures in spring. 25139402 9 69 theme pupae 1306:1310 arg1 tolerance 1293:1301 cold tolerance 1288:1301 cold tolerance of pupae to weather conditions 1288:1332 We compared cold tolerance of pupae to weather conditions at and beyond the species' northern range boundary. 25139402 6 70 theme Overwintering 861:873 arg1 pupae 875:879 Overwintering pupae 861:879 Overwintering pupae 861:879 Overwintering pupae had hemolymph osmolality of approximately 920 mOsm, imparted by high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺. 25139402 7 71 theme supercooling 1024:1035 arg1 points 1037:1042 supercooling points 1024:1042 supercooling points 1024:1042 After exposure to spring warming, supercooling points increased to approximately -17°C, and survival of a 1h exposure to -20°C decreased from 100% to 0%. 25139402 10 72 theme range 1563:1567 arg1 limits 1569:1574 northern range limits 1554:1574 northern range limits 1554:1574 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 8 73 theme Na⁺ 1247:1249 arg1 concentrations 1260:1273 reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations 1218:1273 reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations 1218:1273 This deacclimation was associated with decreased hemolymph osmolality and reduced glycerol, trehalose, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations. 25139402 10 74 theme Minimum 1386:1392 arg1 temperatures 1394:1405 Minimum temperatures 1386:1405 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary 1386:1427 Minimum temperatures at the range boundary approached the lower lethal temperature of pupae, and were colder north of the range, suggesting that cold hardiness may set northern range limits. 25139402 0 75 theme pupae 67:71 arg1 deacclimation 19:31 deacclimation 19:31 deacclimation 19:31 Cold hardiness and deacclimation of overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae. 25139402 0 75 theme pupae 67:71 arg1 hardiness 5:13 Cold hardiness 0:13 Cold hardiness 0:13 Cold hardiness and deacclimation of overwintering Papilio zelicaon pupae. 25139402 6 76 theme glycerol 968:975 arg1 concentrations 950:963 high concentrations 945:963 high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺ 945:987 Overwintering pupae had hemolymph osmolality of approximately 920 mOsm, imparted by high concentrations of glycerol, K⁺ and Na⁺. 25139402 7 77 theme spring 1008:1013 arg1 warming 1015:1021 spring warming 1008:1021 spring warming 1008:1021 After exposure to spring warming, supercooling points increased to approximately -17°C, and survival of a 1h exposure to -20°C decreased from 100% to 0%. 25139402 1 78 theme temperate 155:163 arg1 ectotherms 165:174 temperate ectotherms 155:174 temperate ectotherms 155:174 Seasonally-acquired cold tolerance can be reversed at warm temperatures, leaving temperate ectotherms vulnerable to cold snaps. 25139402 9 79 theme range 1370:1374 arg1 boundary 1376:1383 the species' northern range boundary 1348:1383 the species' northern range boundary 1348:1383 We compared cold tolerance of pupae to weather conditions at and beyond the species' northern range boundary. 24586282 0 0 theme gravitational 94:106 arg1 stimuli 108:114 gravitational stimuli 94:114 gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla 94:136 Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of developing xylem responding to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla. 24586282 10 1 from content 1536:1542 arg1 TW 1575:1576 TW 1575:1576 TW 1575:1576 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 2 2 theme wood 334:337 arg1 formation 339:347 its wood formation 330:347 its wood formation 330:347 However, as an important pulp species, few studies had been performed on its wood formation. 24586282 9 3 theme cell 1265:1268 arg1 structure 1275:1283 secondary cell wall structure 1255:1283 secondary cell wall structure 1255:1283 These included genes involved in secondary cell wall structure, wood composition, and cellulose or lignin biosynthesis. 24586282 4 4 theme birch 492:496 arg1 trees 498:502 birch trees 492:502 birch trees 492:502 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 9 5 theme wall 1270:1273 arg1 structure 1275:1283 secondary cell wall structure 1255:1283 secondary cell wall structure 1255:1283 These included genes involved in secondary cell wall structure, wood composition, and cellulose or lignin biosynthesis. 24586282 7 6 theme nt 1060:1061 arg1 size 1048:1051 a mean size 1041:1051 a mean size of 768 nt 1041:1061 Overall, 80,909 nonredundant unigenes with a mean size of 768 nt were assembled. 24586282 4 7 from content 679:685 arg1 TW 690:691 TW 690:691 TW 690:691 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 2 8 theme pulp 282:285 arg1 species 287:293 an important pulp species 269:293 an important pulp species 269:293 However, as an important pulp species, few studies had been performed on its wood formation. 24586282 2 8 theme pulp 282:285 arg1 studies 300:306 few studies 296:306 few studies 296:306 However, as an important pulp species, few studies had been performed on its wood formation. 24586282 2 9 theme important 272:280 arg1 species 287:293 an important pulp species 269:293 an important pulp species 269:293 However, as an important pulp species, few studies had been performed on its wood formation. 24586282 2 9 theme important 272:280 arg1 studies 300:306 few studies 296:306 few studies 296:306 However, as an important pulp species, few studies had been performed on its wood formation. 24586282 12 10 theme molecular 1742:1750 arg1 level 1752:1756 the molecular level 1738:1756 the molecular level 1738:1756 These findings may provide important insights into wood formation at the molecular level. 24586282 4 11 theme cellulose 547:555 arg1 content 557:563 the cellulose content 543:563 the cellulose content 543:563 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 4 11 theme cellulose 547:555 arg1 greater 583:589 greater 583:589 greater 583:589 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 6 12 theme platyphylla 916:926 arg1 OW 900:901 OW 900:901 OW 900:901 Three transcriptome libraries were constructed from TW, OW and NW of B. platyphylla, respectively, after the plants were subjected to artificial bending. 24586282 6 12 theme platyphylla 916:926 arg1 TW 896:897 TW 896:897 TW 896:897 Three transcriptome libraries were constructed from TW, OW and NW of B. platyphylla, respectively, after the plants were subjected to artificial bending. 24586282 6 12 theme platyphylla 916:926 arg1 NW 907:908 NW 907:908 NW 907:908 Three transcriptome libraries were constructed from TW, OW and NW of B. platyphylla, respectively, after the plants were subjected to artificial bending. 24586282 8 13 theme NW 1208:1209 arg1 libraries 1211:1219 the TW, OW and NW libraries 1193:1219 the TW, OW and NW libraries 1193:1219 Expression profiles were generated, and 9,684 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed among the TW, OW and NW libraries. 24586282 3 14 theme molecular 392:400 arg1 responses 402:410 the molecular responses 388:410 the molecular responses of birch xylem to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli 388:473 In the present study, we investigated the molecular responses of birch xylem to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli. 24586282 8 15 theme TW 1197:1198 arg1 libraries 1211:1219 the TW, OW and NW libraries 1193:1219 the TW, OW and NW libraries 1193:1219 Expression profiles were generated, and 9,684 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed among the TW, OW and NW libraries. 24586282 10 16 theme cellulose 1403:1411 arg1 synthesis 1413:1421 cellulose synthesis 1403:1421 cellulose synthesis 1403:1421 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 10 17 theme cellulose 1526:1534 arg1 content 1536:1542 increased cellulose content 1516:1542 increased cellulose content 1516:1542 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 5 18 with fibers 809:814 arg1 G-layer 835:841 an additional G-layer 821:841 an additional G-layer 821:841 In addition, TW grew more rapidly than OW and generated TW-specific fibers with an additional G-layer. 24586282 7 19 with unigenes 1027:1034 arg1 size 1048:1051 a mean size 1041:1051 a mean size of 768 nt 1041:1061 Overall, 80,909 nonredundant unigenes with a mean size of 768 nt were assembled. 24586282 1 20 theme fast-growing 175:186 arg1 species 194:200 a fast-growing woody species 173:200 a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels 173:254 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 1 20 theme fast-growing 175:186 arg1 important 210:218 important 210:218 important 210:218 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 1 20 theme fast-growing 175:186 arg1 Suk 158:160 Suk 158:160 Suk 158:160 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 0 21 theme transcriptome 14:26 arg1 analysis 28:35 Comprehensive transcriptome analysis 0:35 Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of developing xylem responding to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla. 0:137 Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of developing xylem responding to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla. 24586282 7 22 theme mean 1043:1046 arg1 size 1048:1051 a mean size 1041:1051 a mean size of 768 nt 1041:1061 Overall, 80,909 nonredundant unigenes with a mean size of 768 nt were assembled. 24586282 1 23 theme woody 188:192 arg1 species 194:200 a fast-growing woody species 173:200 a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels 173:254 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 1 23 theme woody 188:192 arg1 important 210:218 important 210:218 important 210:218 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 1 23 theme woody 188:192 arg1 Suk 158:160 Suk 158:160 Suk 158:160 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 0 24 theme Comprehensive 0:12 arg1 analysis 28:35 Comprehensive transcriptome analysis 0:35 Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of developing xylem responding to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla. 0:137 Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of developing xylem responding to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla. 24586282 12 25 from level 1752:1756 arg1 formation 1725:1733 wood formation 1720:1733 wood formation at the molecular level 1720:1756 These findings may provide important insights into wood formation at the molecular level. 24586282 10 26 theme decreased 1548:1556 arg1 levels 1565:1570 decreased lignin levels 1548:1570 decreased lignin levels in TW 1548:1576 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 2 27 theme few 296:298 arg1 species 287:293 an important pulp species 269:293 an important pulp species 269:293 However, as an important pulp species, few studies had been performed on its wood formation. 24586282 2 27 theme few 296:298 arg1 studies 300:306 few studies 296:306 few studies 296:306 However, as an important pulp species, few studies had been performed on its wood formation. 24586282 8 28 theme 9,684 1119:1123 arg1 genes 1125:1129 9,684 genes 1119:1129 9,684 genes 1119:1129 Expression profiles were generated, and 9,684 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed among the TW, OW and NW libraries. 24586282 6 29 theme transcriptome 850:862 arg1 libraries 864:872 Three transcriptome libraries 844:872 Three transcriptome libraries 844:872 Three transcriptome libraries were constructed from TW, OW and NW of B. platyphylla, respectively, after the plants were subjected to artificial bending. 24586282 10 30 from levels 1565:1570 arg1 TW 1575:1576 TW 1575:1576 TW 1575:1576 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 5 31 theme additional 824:833 arg1 G-layer 835:841 an additional G-layer 821:841 an additional G-layer 821:841 In addition, TW grew more rapidly than OW and generated TW-specific fibers with an additional G-layer. 24586282 3 32 theme artificial 430:439 arg1 bending 441:447 artificial bending and gravitational stimuli 430:473 bending 441:447 In the present study, we investigated the molecular responses of birch xylem to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli. 24586282 6 33 theme artificial 978:987 arg1 bending 989:995 artificial bending 978:995 artificial bending 978:995 Three transcriptome libraries were constructed from TW, OW and NW of B. platyphylla, respectively, after the plants were subjected to artificial bending. 24586282 11 34 theme TW 1655:1656 arg1 formation 1658:1666 TW formation 1655:1666 TW formation 1655:1666 In addition, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins play important role in TW formation. 24586282 12 35 theme important 1696:1704 arg1 insights 1706:1713 important insights 1696:1713 important insights into wood formation at the molecular level 1696:1756 These findings may provide important insights into wood formation at the molecular level. 24586282 4 36 theme tension 594:600 arg1 TW 608:609 TW 608:609 TW 608:609 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 4 36 theme tension 594:600 arg1 wood 602:605 tension wood 594:605 tension wood (TW) 594:610 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 7 37 theme nonredundant 1014:1025 arg1 unigenes 1027:1034 80,909 nonredundant unigenes 1007:1034 80,909 nonredundant unigenes with a mean size of 768 nt 1007:1061 Overall, 80,909 nonredundant unigenes with a mean size of 768 nt were assembled. 24586282 4 38 theme opposite 620:627 arg1 OW 635:636 OW 635:636 OW 635:636 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 4 38 theme opposite 620:627 arg1 wood 629:632 opposite wood 620:632 opposite wood (OW) 620:637 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 1 39 from biofuels 247:254 arg1 species 194:200 a fast-growing woody species 173:200 a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels 173:254 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 1 39 from biofuels 247:254 arg1 important 210:218 important 210:218 important 210:218 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 1 39 from biofuels 247:254 arg1 Suk 158:160 Suk 158:160 Suk 158:160 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 9 40 theme lignin 1321:1326 arg1 biosynthesis 1328:1339 lignin biosynthesis 1321:1339 lignin biosynthesis 1321:1339 These included genes involved in secondary cell wall structure, wood composition, and cellulose or lignin biosynthesis. 24586282 3 41 theme xylem 421:425 arg1 responses 402:410 the molecular responses 388:410 the molecular responses of birch xylem to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli 388:473 In the present study, we investigated the molecular responses of birch xylem to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli. 24586282 9 42 theme wood 1286:1289 arg1 composition 1291:1301 wood composition 1286:1301 wood composition 1286:1301 These included genes involved in secondary cell wall structure, wood composition, and cellulose or lignin biosynthesis. 24586282 10 43 theme synthesis-related 1468:1484 arg1 genes 1486:1490 lignin synthesis-related genes 1461:1490 lignin synthesis-related genes 1461:1490 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 0 44 from bending 82:88 arg1 platyphylla 126:136 Betula platyphylla 119:136 Betula platyphylla 119:136 Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of developing xylem responding to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla. 24586282 1 45 from important 210:218 arg1 industries 228:237 pulp industries 223:237 pulp industries 223:237 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 1 45 from important 210:218 arg1 biofuels 247:254 the biofuels 243:254 the biofuels 243:254 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 10 46 theme increased 1516:1524 arg1 content 1536:1542 increased cellulose content 1516:1542 increased cellulose content 1516:1542 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 10 47 theme lignin 1461:1466 arg1 genes 1486:1490 lignin synthesis-related genes 1461:1490 lignin synthesis-related genes 1461:1490 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 4 48 theme trees 498:502 arg1 trunks 482:487 trunks 482:487 trunks of birch trees 482:502 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 8 49 theme OW 1201:1202 arg1 libraries 1211:1219 the TW, OW and NW libraries 1193:1219 the TW, OW and NW libraries 1193:1219 Expression profiles were generated, and 9,684 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed among the TW, OW and NW libraries. 24586282 4 50 theme normal 642:647 arg1 NW 655:656 NW 655:656 NW 655:656 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 4 50 theme normal 642:647 arg1 wood 649:652 normal wood 642:652 normal wood (NW) 642:657 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 8 51 theme Expression 1079:1088 arg1 profiles 1090:1097 Expression profiles 1079:1097 Expression profiles 1079:1097 Expression profiles were generated, and 9,684 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed among the TW, OW and NW libraries. 24586282 11 52 theme important 1637:1645 arg1 role 1647:1650 important role 1637:1650 important role 1637:1650 In addition, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins play important role in TW formation. 24586282 10 53 theme TW 1371:1372 arg1 formation 1374:1382 TW formation 1371:1382 TW formation 1371:1382 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 12 54 theme wood 1720:1723 arg1 formation 1725:1733 wood formation 1720:1733 wood formation at the molecular level 1720:1756 These findings may provide important insights into wood formation at the molecular level. 24586282 11 55 theme arabinogalactan 1607:1621 arg1 proteins 1623:1630 fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins 1592:1630 fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins 1592:1630 In addition, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins play important role in TW formation. 24586282 10 56 theme genes 1486:1490 arg1 expression 1447:1456 the expression 1443:1456 the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes 1443:1490 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 5 57 theme TW-specific 797:807 arg1 fibers 809:814 TW-specific fibers 797:814 TW-specific fibers with an additional G-layer 797:841 In addition, TW grew more rapidly than OW and generated TW-specific fibers with an additional G-layer. 24586282 1 58 theme pulp 223:226 arg1 industries 228:237 pulp industries 223:237 pulp industries 223:237 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 1 59 from industries 228:237 arg1 species 194:200 a fast-growing woody species 173:200 a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels 173:254 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 1 59 from industries 228:237 arg1 important 210:218 important 210:218 important 210:218 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 1 59 from industries 228:237 arg1 Suk 158:160 Suk 158:160 Suk 158:160 Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. 24586282 4 60 theme lignin 672:677 arg1 lower 711:715 lower 711:715 lower 711:715 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 4 60 theme lignin 672:677 arg1 content 679:685 the lignin content 668:685 the lignin content in TW 668:691 After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. 24586282 3 61 theme gravitational 453:465 arg1 stimuli 467:473 artificial bending and gravitational stimuli 430:473 stimuli 467:473 In the present study, we investigated the molecular responses of birch xylem to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli. 24586282 10 62 theme lignin 1558:1563 arg1 levels 1565:1570 decreased lignin levels 1548:1570 decreased lignin levels in TW 1548:1576 Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. 24586282 0 63 from stimuli 108:114 arg1 platyphylla 126:136 Betula platyphylla 119:136 Betula platyphylla 119:136 Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of developing xylem responding to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla. 24586282 3 64 theme birch 415:419 arg1 xylem 421:425 birch xylem 415:425 birch xylem 415:425 In the present study, we investigated the molecular responses of birch xylem to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli. 24586282 0 65 theme artificial 71:80 arg1 bending 82:88 artificial bending 71:88 artificial bending 71:88 Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of developing xylem responding to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla. 24586282 11 66 theme fasciclin-like 1592:1605 arg1 proteins 1623:1630 fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins 1592:1630 fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins 1592:1630 In addition, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins play important role in TW formation. 24586282 3 67 theme present 357:363 arg1 study 365:369 the present study 353:369 the present study 353:369 In the present study, we investigated the molecular responses of birch xylem to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli. 24586282 9 68 theme secondary 1255:1263 arg1 structure 1275:1283 secondary cell wall structure 1255:1283 secondary cell wall structure 1255:1283 These included genes involved in secondary cell wall structure, wood composition, and cellulose or lignin biosynthesis. 24478207 10 0 theme =JCM 1077:1080 arg1 25385T 1093:1098 =JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T 1077:1098 =JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T 1077:1098 nov.; the type strain is KB0549T (=JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T). 24478207 10 0 theme =JCM 1077:1080 arg1 KB0549T 1068:1074 KB0549T 1068:1074 KB0549T (=JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T) 1068:1099 nov.; the type strain is KB0549T (=JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T). 24478207 3 1 theme motile 212:217 arg1 rods 232:235 motile, round-ended rods 212:235 motile, round-ended rods 212:235 Cells were motile, round-ended rods, and produced central or terminal spores. 24478207 9 2 theme Paenibacillus 1011:1023 arg1 species 1002:1008 a novel species 994:1008 a novel species 994:1008 Based on these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 9 2 theme Paenibacillus 1011:1023 arg1 sp 1039:1040 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp 1011:1040 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp 1011:1040 Based on these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 8 3 theme high 767:770 arg1 content 772:778 the high content 763:778 the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction 763:878 Strain KB0549T was physiologically differentiated from P. cookii by the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction. 24478207 9 4 theme relictisesami 1025:1037 arg1 species 1002:1008 a novel species 994:1008 a novel species 994:1008 Based on these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 9 4 theme relictisesami 1025:1037 arg1 sp 1039:1040 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp 1011:1040 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp 1011:1040 Based on these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 9 5 theme unique 896:901 arg1 characteristics 934:948 these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics 890:948 these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics 890:948 Based on these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 2 6 dep anaerobic 85:93 arg1 rod-shaped 117:126 rod-shaped 117:126 rod-shaped 117:126 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KB0549T, was isolated from sesame oil cake. 24478207 2 6 dep anaerobic 85:93 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 96:114 Gram-stain-positive 96:114 Gram-stain-positive 96:114 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KB0549T, was isolated from sesame oil cake. 24478207 6 7 theme G+C 431:433 arg1 % 473:473 51.9 mol% 465:473 51.9 mol% 465:473 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T was 51.9 mol%. 24478207 6 7 theme G+C 431:433 arg1 content 435:441 The DNA G+C content 423:441 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T 423:459 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T was 51.9 mol%. 24478207 1 8 theme sesame 52:57 arg1 cake 63:66 sesame oil cake 52:66 sesame oil cake 52:66 nov., isolated from sesame oil cake. 24478207 7 9 theme sequence 674:681 arg1 similarity 683:692 97.4% sequence similarity 668:692 97.4% sequence similarity 668:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 9 10 theme physiological 903:915 arg1 characteristics 934:948 these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics 890:948 these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics 890:948 Based on these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 6 11 theme DNA 427:429 arg1 % 473:473 51.9 mol% 465:473 51.9 mol% 465:473 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T was 51.9 mol%. 24478207 6 11 theme DNA 427:429 arg1 content 435:441 The DNA G+C content 423:441 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T 423:459 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T was 51.9 mol%. 24478207 1 12 theme oil 59:61 arg1 cake 63:66 sesame oil cake 52:66 sesame oil cake 52:66 nov., isolated from sesame oil cake. 24478207 8 13 theme spore 826:830 arg1 position 832:839 spore position 826:839 spore position 826:839 Strain KB0549T was physiologically differentiated from P. cookii by the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction. 24478207 5 14 theme major 367:371 arg1 acids 379:383 The major fatty acids 363:383 The major fatty acids 363:383 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24478207 5 14 theme major 367:371 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 390:402 anteiso-C15:0 390:402 anteiso-C15:0 390:402 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24478207 2 15 theme strain 150:155 arg1 KB0549T 157:163 strain KB0549T 150:163 strain KB0549T 150:163 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KB0549T, was isolated from sesame oil cake. 24478207 9 16 theme phylogenetic 921:932 arg1 characteristics 934:948 these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics 890:948 these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics 890:948 Based on these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 7 17 theme Paenibacillus 571:583 arg1 genus 565:569 the genus 561:569 the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes 561:608 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 4 18 theme cell 283:286 arg1 peptidoglycan 293:305 The cell wall peptidoglycan 279:305 The cell wall peptidoglycan 279:305 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 24478207 0 19 theme relictisesami 14:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp 0:29 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 0:30 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 10 20 theme type 1053:1056 arg1 strain 1058:1063 the type strain 1049:1063 the type strain 1049:1063 nov.; the type strain is KB0549T (=JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T). 24478207 10 20 theme type 1053:1056 arg1 KB0549T 1068:1074 KB0549T 1068:1074 KB0549T (=JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T) 1068:1099 nov.; the type strain is KB0549T (=JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T). 24478207 8 21 theme position 832:839 arg1 content 772:778 the high content 763:778 the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction 763:878 Strain KB0549T was physiologically differentiated from P. cookii by the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction. 24478207 0 22 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 28:29 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp 0:29 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 0:30 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 7 23 with cookii 656:661 arg1 similarity 683:692 97.4% sequence similarity 668:692 97.4% sequence similarity 668:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 7 24 dep phylogeny 515:523 arg1 the 479:481 the 479:481 the 479:481 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 7 24 dep phylogeny 515:523 arg1 basis 483:487 basis 483:487 basis 483:487 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 3 25 dep motile 212:217 arg1 round-ended 220:230 round-ended 220:230 round-ended 220:230 Cells were motile, round-ended rods, and produced central or terminal spores. 24478207 10 26 theme 18068T=DSM 1082:1091 arg1 25385T 1093:1098 =JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T 1077:1098 =JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T 1077:1098 nov.; the type strain is KB0549T (=JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T). 24478207 10 26 theme 18068T=DSM 1082:1091 arg1 KB0549T 1068:1074 KB0549T 1068:1074 KB0549T (=JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T) 1068:1099 nov.; the type strain is KB0549T (=JCM 18068T=DSM 25385T). 24478207 2 27 attach isolated 170:177 arg1 cake 195:198 sesame oil cake 184:198 sesame oil cake 184:198 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KB0549T, was isolated from sesame oil cake. 24478207 2 27 attach isolated 170:177 arg2 bacterium 128:136 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 69:136 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 69:136 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KB0549T, was isolated from sesame oil cake. 24478207 8 28 dep inability 798:806 arg1 grow 811:814 grow 811:814 to grow at 50 °C 808:823 Strain KB0549T was physiologically differentiated from P. cookii by the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction. 24478207 8 29 theme Strain 695:700 arg1 KB0549T 702:708 Strain KB0549T 695:708 Strain KB0549T 695:708 Strain KB0549T was physiologically differentiated from P. cookii by the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction. 24478207 3 30 theme terminal 262:269 arg1 spores 271:276 central or terminal spores 251:276 central or terminal spores 251:276 Cells were motile, round-ended rods, and produced central or terminal spores. 24478207 7 31 theme 97.4 668:671 arg1 % 672:672 % 672:672 % 672:672 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 7 32 theme strain 526:531 arg1 KB0549T 533:539 strain KB0549T 526:539 strain KB0549T 526:539 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 8 33 theme reaction 871:878 arg1 content 772:778 the high content 763:778 the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction 763:878 Strain KB0549T was physiologically differentiated from P. cookii by the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction. 24478207 8 34 theme negative 846:853 arg1 reaction 871:878 negative Voges-Proskauer reaction 846:878 negative Voges-Proskauer reaction 846:878 Strain KB0549T was physiologically differentiated from P. cookii by the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction. 24478207 7 35 from Firmicutes 599:608 arg1 Paenibacillus 571:583 Paenibacillus 571:583 Paenibacillus 571:583 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 7 36 theme % 672:672 arg1 similarity 683:692 97.4% sequence similarity 668:692 97.4% sequence similarity 668:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 7 37 theme sequence 506:513 arg1 phylogeny 515:523 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 492:523 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 492:523 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 8 38 theme Voges-Proskauer 855:869 arg1 reaction 871:878 negative Voges-Proskauer reaction 846:878 negative Voges-Proskauer reaction 846:878 Strain KB0549T was physiologically differentiated from P. cookii by the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction. 24478207 6 39 theme mol 470:472 arg1 % 473:473 51.9 mol% 465:473 51.9 mol% 465:473 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T was 51.9 mol%. 24478207 6 39 theme mol 470:472 arg1 content 435:441 The DNA G+C content 423:441 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T 423:459 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T was 51.9 mol%. 24478207 2 40 theme anaerobic 85:93 arg1 bacterium 128:136 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 69:136 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 69:136 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KB0549T, was isolated from sesame oil cake. 24478207 7 41 theme rRNA 496:499 arg1 phylogeny 515:523 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 492:523 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 492:523 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 3 42 theme central 251:257 arg1 spores 271:276 central or terminal spores 251:276 central or terminal spores 251:276 Cells were motile, round-ended rods, and produced central or terminal spores. 24478207 7 43 theme gene 501:504 arg1 phylogeny 515:523 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 492:523 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 492:523 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 4 44 theme diamino 349:355 arg1 acid 357:360 the diamino acid 345:360 the diamino acid 345:360 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 24478207 4 44 theme diamino 349:355 arg1 acid 337:340 meso-diaminopimelic acid 317:340 meso-diaminopimelic acid 317:340 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 24478207 6 45 theme KB0549T 453:459 arg1 % 473:473 51.9 mol% 465:473 51.9 mol% 465:473 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T was 51.9 mol%. 24478207 6 45 theme KB0549T 453:459 arg1 content 435:441 The DNA G+C content 423:441 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T 423:459 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T was 51.9 mol%. 24478207 7 46 theme Paenibacillus 642:654 arg1 cookii 656:661 Paenibacillus cookii 642:661 Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity 642:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 8 47 theme anteiso-C17:0 783:795 arg1 content 772:778 the high content 763:778 the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction 763:878 Strain KB0549T was physiologically differentiated from P. cookii by the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction. 24478207 5 48 theme fatty 373:377 arg1 acids 379:383 The major fatty acids 363:383 The major fatty acids 363:383 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24478207 5 48 theme fatty 373:377 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 390:402 anteiso-C15:0 390:402 anteiso-C15:0 390:402 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24478207 6 49 theme strain 446:451 arg1 KB0549T 453:459 strain KB0549T 446:459 strain KB0549T 446:459 The DNA G+C content of strain KB0549T was 51.9 mol%. 24478207 2 50 theme oil 191:193 arg1 cake 195:198 sesame oil cake 184:198 sesame oil cake 184:198 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KB0549T, was isolated from sesame oil cake. 24478207 7 51 theme 16S 492:494 arg1 phylogeny 515:523 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 492:523 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 492:523 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24478207 9 52 theme novel 996:1000 arg1 species 1002:1008 a novel species 994:1008 a novel species 994:1008 Based on these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 9 52 theme novel 996:1000 arg1 sp 1039:1040 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp 1011:1040 Paenibacillus relictisesami sp 1011:1040 Based on these unique physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Paenibacillus relictisesami sp. 24478207 4 53 contain contained 307:315 arg2 acid 357:360 the diamino acid 345:360 the diamino acid 345:360 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 24478207 4 53 contain contained 307:315 arg1 peptidoglycan 293:305 The cell wall peptidoglycan 279:305 The cell wall peptidoglycan 279:305 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 24478207 4 53 contain contained 307:315 arg2 acid 337:340 meso-diaminopimelic acid 317:340 meso-diaminopimelic acid 317:340 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 24478207 2 54 theme sesame 184:189 arg1 cake 195:198 sesame oil cake 184:198 sesame oil cake 184:198 A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KB0549T, was isolated from sesame oil cake. 24478207 4 55 theme wall 288:291 arg1 peptidoglycan 293:305 The cell wall peptidoglycan 279:305 The cell wall peptidoglycan 279:305 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 24478207 8 56 theme inability 798:806 arg1 content 772:778 the high content 763:778 the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction 763:878 Strain KB0549T was physiologically differentiated from P. cookii by the high content of anteiso-C17:0, inability to grow at 50 °C, spore position, and negative Voges-Proskauer reaction. 24478207 4 57 theme meso-diaminopimelic 317:335 arg1 acid 357:360 the diamino acid 345:360 the diamino acid 345:360 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 24478207 4 57 theme meso-diaminopimelic 317:335 arg1 acid 337:340 meso-diaminopimelic acid 317:340 meso-diaminopimelic acid 317:340 The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 24478207 7 58 from Paenibacillus 571:583 arg1 Firmicutes 599:608 the phylum Firmicutes 588:608 the phylum Firmicutes 588:608 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain KB0549T was affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Paenibacillus cookii with 97.4% sequence similarity. 24456356 3 0 from composition 376:386 arg1 mice 409:412 mice 409:412 mice 409:412 Therefore, we investigated the effect of doenjang on the composition of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 5 1 theme DHL 633:635 arg1 media 637:641 DHL media 633:641 DHL media 633:641 However, doenjang decreased the number of Enterobacteriaceae cultured in DHL media. 24456356 8 2 theme phylum 977:982 arg1 level 984:988 the phylum level 973:988 the phylum level 973:988 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24456356 12 3 theme IL 1704:1705 arg1 expression 1720:1729 interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression 1691:1729 interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression 1691:1729 Doenjang significantly suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α expression, whereas it did not influence interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression. 24456356 8 4 from Firmicutes 1124:1133 arg1 microbiota 1165:1174 gut microbiota 1161:1174 gut microbiota 1161:1174 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24456356 4 5 theme bifidobacteria 477:490 arg1 number 467:472 the number 463:472 the number of bifidobacteria cultured in BL media 463:511 Treatment with doenjang significantly increased the number of bifidobacteria cultured in BL media, compared with mice not treated with doenjang. 24456356 4 6 theme BL 504:505 arg1 media 507:511 BL media 504:511 BL media 504:511 Treatment with doenjang significantly increased the number of bifidobacteria cultured in BL media, compared with mice not treated with doenjang. 24456356 7 7 from microbiota 793:802 arg1 mice 807:810 mice 807:810 mice treated with or without doenjang 807:843 When gut microbiota in mice treated with or without doenjang was analyzed by pyrosequencing, doenjang induced a significant modulation of the populations of the dominant gut microbiota. 24456356 8 8 theme doenjang 991:998 arg1 treatment 1000:1008 doenjang treatment 991:1008 doenjang treatment 991:1008 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24456356 1 9 theme antioxidant 148:158 arg1 effects 218:224 antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects 148:224 antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects 148:224 Doenjang has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects. 24456356 2 10 from levels 303:308 arg1 mice 313:316 mice 313:316 mice 313:316 In our preliminary study, doenjang decreased fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in mice. 24456356 8 11 theme Firmicutes 1048:1057 arg1 increase 1066:1073 an increase 1063:1073 an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota 1063:1174 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24456356 8 11 theme Firmicutes 1048:1057 arg1 decrease 1036:1043 a significant decrease 1022:1043 a significant decrease of Firmicutes 1022:1057 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24456356 0 12 theme microbiota 90:99 arg1 production 72:81 lipopolysaccharide production 53:81 lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice 53:107 Doenjang, a fermented Korean soybean paste, inhibits lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 9 13 theme family 1184:1189 arg1 level 1191:1195 the family level 1180:1195 the family level 1180:1195 At the family level, the number of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased, while the number of Odoribacter_f was increased in doenjang-treated mice. 24456356 2 14 theme lipopolysaccharide 278:295 arg1 levels 303:308 fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels 272:308 fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in mice 272:316 In our preliminary study, doenjang decreased fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in mice. 24456356 7 15 theme significant 896:906 arg1 modulation 908:917 a significant modulation 894:917 a significant modulation of the populations of the dominant gut microbiota 894:967 When gut microbiota in mice treated with or without doenjang was analyzed by pyrosequencing, doenjang induced a significant modulation of the populations of the dominant gut microbiota. 24456356 0 16 theme gut 86:88 arg1 microbiota 90:99 gut microbiota 86:99 gut microbiota 86:99 Doenjang, a fermented Korean soybean paste, inhibits lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 3 17 from effect 350:355 arg1 composition 376:386 the composition 372:386 the composition of gut microbiota in mice 372:412 Therefore, we investigated the effect of doenjang on the composition of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 10 18 theme colonic 1355:1361 arg1 proteins 1378:1385 colonic tight junction proteins 1355:1385 colonic tight junction proteins 1355:1385 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 10 18 theme colonic 1355:1361 arg1 ZO-1 1398:1401 ZO-1 1398:1401 ZO-1 1398:1401 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 10 18 theme colonic 1355:1361 arg1 claudin-1 1408:1416 claudin-1 1408:1416 claudin-1 1408:1416 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 10 18 theme colonic 1355:1361 arg1 occludin 1388:1395 occludin 1388:1395 occludin 1388:1395 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 2 19 theme fecal 272:276 arg1 LPS 298:300 LPS 298:300 LPS 298:300 In our preliminary study, doenjang decreased fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in mice. 24456356 2 19 theme fecal 272:276 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 278:295 fecal lipopolysaccharide 272:295 fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in mice 272:316 In our preliminary study, doenjang decreased fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in mice. 24456356 8 20 from decrease 1108:1115 arg1 Firmicutes 1124:1133 the Firmicutes 1120:1133 the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota 1120:1174 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24456356 11 21 theme NF-κB 1550:1554 arg1 activation 1556:1565 NF-κB activation 1550:1565 NF-κB activation 1550:1565 Although treatment with doenjang seemed to suppress NF-κB activation, it was not significant. 24456356 9 22 theme doenjang-treated 1329:1344 arg1 mice 1346:1349 doenjang-treated mice 1329:1349 doenjang-treated mice 1329:1349 At the family level, the number of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased, while the number of Odoribacter_f was increased in doenjang-treated mice. 24456356 5 23 theme Enterobacteriaceae 602:619 arg1 number 592:597 the number 588:597 the number of Enterobacteriaceae cultured in DHL media 588:641 However, doenjang decreased the number of Enterobacteriaceae cultured in DHL media. 24456356 7 24 theme microbiota 958:967 arg1 populations 926:936 the populations 922:936 the populations of the dominant gut microbiota 922:967 When gut microbiota in mice treated with or without doenjang was analyzed by pyrosequencing, doenjang induced a significant modulation of the populations of the dominant gut microbiota. 24456356 10 25 theme junction 1369:1376 arg1 proteins 1378:1385 colonic tight junction proteins 1355:1385 colonic tight junction proteins 1355:1385 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 10 25 theme junction 1369:1376 arg1 ZO-1 1398:1401 ZO-1 1398:1401 ZO-1 1398:1401 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 10 25 theme junction 1369:1376 arg1 claudin-1 1408:1416 claudin-1 1408:1416 claudin-1 1408:1416 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 10 25 theme junction 1369:1376 arg1 occludin 1388:1395 occludin 1388:1395 occludin 1388:1395 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 1 26 theme fibrinolytic 161:172 arg1 effects 218:224 antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects 148:224 antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects 148:224 Doenjang has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects. 24456356 3 27 theme doenjang 360:367 arg1 effect 350:355 the effect 346:355 the effect of doenjang on the composition of gut microbiota in mice 346:412 Therefore, we investigated the effect of doenjang on the composition of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 11 28 with treatment 1507:1515 arg1 doenjang 1522:1529 doenjang 1522:1529 doenjang 1522:1529 Although treatment with doenjang seemed to suppress NF-κB activation, it was not significant. 24456356 8 29 theme Bacteroidetes 1138:1150 arg1 ratio 1152:1156 Bacteroidetes ratio 1138:1156 Bacteroidetes ratio 1138:1156 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24456356 12 30 theme interleukin 1691:1701 arg1 IL 1704:1705 interleukin (IL)-1β 1691:1709 interleukin (IL)-1β 1691:1709 Doenjang significantly suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α expression, whereas it did not influence interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression. 24456356 3 31 theme microbiota 395:404 arg1 composition 376:386 the composition 372:386 the composition of gut microbiota in mice 372:412 Therefore, we investigated the effect of doenjang on the composition of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 9 32 theme Odoribacter_f 1298:1310 arg1 number 1288:1293 the number 1284:1293 the number of Odoribacter_f 1284:1310 At the family level, the number of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased, while the number of Odoribacter_f was increased in doenjang-treated mice. 24456356 12 33 theme necrosis 1632:1639 arg1 expression 1650:1659 tumor necrosis factor-α expression 1626:1659 tumor necrosis factor-α expression 1626:1659 Doenjang significantly suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α expression, whereas it did not influence interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression. 24456356 8 34 theme Bacteroidetes 1078:1090 arg1 increase 1066:1073 an increase 1063:1073 an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota 1063:1174 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24456356 8 34 theme Bacteroidetes 1078:1090 arg1 decrease 1036:1043 a significant decrease 1022:1043 a significant decrease of Firmicutes 1022:1057 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24456356 7 35 theme dominant 945:952 arg1 microbiota 958:967 the dominant gut microbiota 941:967 the dominant gut microbiota 941:967 When gut microbiota in mice treated with or without doenjang was analyzed by pyrosequencing, doenjang induced a significant modulation of the populations of the dominant gut microbiota. 24456356 6 36 theme β-glucuronidase 682:696 arg1 activity 698:705 the β-glucuronidase activity 678:705 the β-glucuronidase activity 678:705 Doenjang significantly suppressed the β-glucuronidase activity, but did not influence α-/β-glucosaminidase and α-/β-glucosidase activities. 24456356 1 37 theme antimutagenic 175:187 arg1 effects 218:224 antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects 148:224 antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects 148:224 Doenjang has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects. 24456356 0 38 theme fermented 12:20 arg1 Doenjang 0:7 Doenjang 0:7 Doenjang 0:7 Doenjang, a fermented Korean soybean paste, inhibits lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 0 38 theme fermented 12:20 arg1 paste 37:41 a fermented Korean soybean paste 10:41 a fermented Korean soybean paste 10:41 Doenjang, a fermented Korean soybean paste, inhibits lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 12 39 theme tumor 1626:1630 arg1 expression 1650:1659 tumor necrosis factor-α expression 1626:1659 tumor necrosis factor-α expression 1626:1659 Doenjang significantly suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α expression, whereas it did not influence interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression. 24456356 7 40 theme gut 954:956 arg1 microbiota 958:967 the dominant gut microbiota 941:967 the dominant gut microbiota 941:967 When gut microbiota in mice treated with or without doenjang was analyzed by pyrosequencing, doenjang induced a significant modulation of the populations of the dominant gut microbiota. 24456356 9 41 theme Lachnospiraceae 1232:1246 arg1 number 1202:1207 the number 1198:1207 the number of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae 1198:1246 At the family level, the number of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased, while the number of Odoribacter_f was increased in doenjang-treated mice. 24456356 10 42 with treatment 1473:1481 arg1 doenjang 1488:1495 doenjang 1488:1495 doenjang 1488:1495 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 1 43 theme anticancer 190:199 arg1 effects 218:224 antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects 148:224 antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects 148:224 Doenjang has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects. 24456356 0 44 theme soybean 29:35 arg1 Doenjang 0:7 Doenjang 0:7 Doenjang 0:7 Doenjang, a fermented Korean soybean paste, inhibits lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 0 44 theme soybean 29:35 arg1 paste 37:41 a fermented Korean soybean paste 10:41 a fermented Korean soybean paste 10:41 Doenjang, a fermented Korean soybean paste, inhibits lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 12 45 theme factor-α 1641:1648 arg1 expression 1650:1659 tumor necrosis factor-α expression 1626:1659 tumor necrosis factor-α expression 1626:1659 Doenjang significantly suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α expression, whereas it did not influence interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression. 24456356 0 46 from production 72:81 arg1 mice 104:107 mice 104:107 mice 104:107 Doenjang, a fermented Korean soybean paste, inhibits lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 4 47 with Treatment 415:423 arg1 doenjang 430:437 doenjang 430:437 doenjang 430:437 Treatment with doenjang significantly increased the number of bifidobacteria cultured in BL media, compared with mice not treated with doenjang. 24456356 10 48 from occludin 1388:1395 arg1 mice 1421:1424 mice 1421:1424 mice 1421:1424 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 0 49 theme Korean 22:27 arg1 Doenjang 0:7 Doenjang 0:7 Doenjang 0:7 Doenjang, a fermented Korean soybean paste, inhibits lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 0 49 theme Korean 22:27 arg1 paste 37:41 a fermented Korean soybean paste 10:41 a fermented Korean soybean paste 10:41 Doenjang, a fermented Korean soybean paste, inhibits lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 3 50 theme gut 391:393 arg1 microbiota 395:404 gut microbiota 391:404 gut microbiota in mice 391:412 Therefore, we investigated the effect of doenjang on the composition of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 10 51 theme tight 1363:1367 arg1 proteins 1378:1385 colonic tight junction proteins 1355:1385 colonic tight junction proteins 1355:1385 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 10 51 theme tight 1363:1367 arg1 ZO-1 1398:1401 ZO-1 1398:1401 ZO-1 1398:1401 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 10 51 theme tight 1363:1367 arg1 claudin-1 1408:1416 claudin-1 1408:1416 claudin-1 1408:1416 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 10 51 theme tight 1363:1367 arg1 occludin 1388:1395 occludin 1388:1395 occludin 1388:1395 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 14 52 theme enzyme 1915:1920 arg1 production 1922:1931 harmful enzyme production 1907:1931 harmful enzyme production 1907:1931 Based on these findings, doenjang may promote gut health by regulating gut microbiota and its LPS concentrations and suppressing harmful enzyme production. 24456356 14 53 theme gut 1824:1826 arg1 health 1828:1833 gut health 1824:1833 gut health 1824:1833 Based on these findings, doenjang may promote gut health by regulating gut microbiota and its LPS concentrations and suppressing harmful enzyme production. 24456356 9 54 theme Ruminococcaceae 1212:1226 arg1 number 1202:1207 the number 1198:1207 the number of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae 1198:1246 At the family level, the number of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased, while the number of Odoribacter_f was increased in doenjang-treated mice. 24456356 10 55 from ZO-1 1398:1401 arg1 mice 1421:1424 mice 1421:1424 mice 1421:1424 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 13 56 theme IL-10 1760:1764 arg1 expression 1766:1775 IL-10 expression 1760:1775 IL-10 expression 1760:1775 However, doenjang increased IL-10 expression. 24456356 7 57 theme gut 789:791 arg1 microbiota 793:802 gut microbiota 789:802 gut microbiota in mice treated with or without doenjang 789:843 When gut microbiota in mice treated with or without doenjang was analyzed by pyrosequencing, doenjang induced a significant modulation of the populations of the dominant gut microbiota. 24456356 14 58 theme LPS 1872:1874 arg1 concentrations 1876:1889 its LPS concentrations 1868:1889 its LPS concentrations 1868:1889 Based on these findings, doenjang may promote gut health by regulating gut microbiota and its LPS concentrations and suppressing harmful enzyme production. 24456356 8 59 theme significant 1024:1034 arg1 decrease 1036:1043 a significant decrease 1022:1043 a significant decrease of Firmicutes 1022:1057 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24456356 6 60 theme α-/β-glucosidase 755:770 arg1 activities 772:781 α-/β-glucosaminidase and α-/β-glucosidase activities 730:781 α-/β-glucosaminidase and α-/β-glucosidase activities 730:781 Doenjang significantly suppressed the β-glucuronidase activity, but did not influence α-/β-glucosaminidase and α-/β-glucosidase activities. 24456356 12 61 theme IL-6 1715:1718 arg1 expression 1720:1729 interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression 1691:1729 interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression 1691:1729 Doenjang significantly suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α expression, whereas it did not influence interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression. 24456356 1 62 theme antiobesity 206:216 arg1 effects 218:224 antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects 148:224 antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects 148:224 Doenjang has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, fibrinolytic, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antiobesity effects. 24456356 3 63 from microbiota 395:404 arg1 mice 409:412 mice 409:412 mice 409:412 Therefore, we investigated the effect of doenjang on the composition of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 14 64 theme gut 1849:1851 arg1 microbiota 1853:1862 gut microbiota 1849:1862 gut microbiota 1849:1862 Based on these findings, doenjang may promote gut health by regulating gut microbiota and its LPS concentrations and suppressing harmful enzyme production. 24456356 14 65 theme harmful 1907:1913 arg1 production 1922:1931 harmful enzyme production 1907:1931 harmful enzyme production 1907:1931 Based on these findings, doenjang may promote gut health by regulating gut microbiota and its LPS concentrations and suppressing harmful enzyme production. 24456356 0 66 theme lipopolysaccharide 53:70 arg1 production 72:81 lipopolysaccharide production 53:81 lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice 53:107 Doenjang, a fermented Korean soybean paste, inhibits lipopolysaccharide production of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 2 67 theme preliminary 234:244 arg1 study 246:250 our preliminary study 230:250 our preliminary study 230:250 In our preliminary study, doenjang decreased fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in mice. 24456356 6 68 theme α-/β-glucosaminidase 730:749 arg1 activities 772:781 α-/β-glucosaminidase and α-/β-glucosidase activities 730:781 α-/β-glucosaminidase and α-/β-glucosidase activities 730:781 Doenjang significantly suppressed the β-glucuronidase activity, but did not influence α-/β-glucosaminidase and α-/β-glucosidase activities. 24456356 7 69 theme populations 926:936 arg1 modulation 908:917 a significant modulation 894:917 a significant modulation of the populations of the dominant gut microbiota 894:967 When gut microbiota in mice treated with or without doenjang was analyzed by pyrosequencing, doenjang induced a significant modulation of the populations of the dominant gut microbiota. 24456356 3 70 from mice 409:412 arg1 composition 376:386 the composition 372:386 the composition of gut microbiota in mice 372:412 Therefore, we investigated the effect of doenjang on the composition of gut microbiota in mice. 24456356 10 71 from claudin-1 1408:1416 arg1 mice 1421:1424 mice 1421:1424 mice 1421:1424 Of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in mice, occludin alone was significantly increased by treatment with doenjang. 24456356 8 72 theme gut 1161:1163 arg1 microbiota 1165:1174 gut microbiota 1161:1174 gut microbiota 1161:1174 At the phylum level, doenjang treatment resulted in a significant decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes, which led to a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota. 24412651 3 0 dep acids 389:393 arg1 acids 389:393 short-chain fatty acids 371:393 the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate 367:425 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 3 0 dep acids 389:393 arg1 butyrate 418:425 butyrate 418:425 butyrate 418:425 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 3 0 dep acids 389:393 arg1 propionate 403:412 propionate 403:412 propionate 403:412 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 6 1 theme metabolic 1024:1032 arg1 benefits 1034:1041 the metabolic benefits 1020:1041 the metabolic benefits associated with SCFAs and soluble fiber 1020:1081 Thus, the regulation of IGN is necessary for the metabolic benefits associated with SCFAs and soluble fiber. 24412651 5 2 theme metabolic 773:781 arg1 benefits 783:790 The metabolic benefits 769:790 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice 769:874 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 5 2 theme metabolic 773:781 arg1 absent 880:885 absent 880:885 absent 880:885 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 5 3 from benefits 783:790 arg1 weight 800:805 body weight 795:805 body weight 795:805 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 5 3 from benefits 783:790 arg1 control 819:825 glucose control 811:825 glucose control 811:825 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 5 3 from benefits 783:790 arg1 mice 871:874 normal mice 864:874 normal mice 864:874 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 6 4 theme soluble 1069:1075 arg1 fiber 1077:1081 soluble fiber 1069:1081 soluble fiber 1069:1081 Thus, the regulation of IGN is necessary for the metabolic benefits associated with SCFAs and soluble fiber. 24412651 3 5 theme short-chain 371:381 arg1 SCFAs 396:400 SCFAs 396:400 SCFAs 396:400 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 3 5 theme short-chain 371:381 arg1 acids 389:393 short-chain fatty acids 371:393 the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate 367:425 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 3 5 theme short-chain 371:381 arg1 butyrate 418:425 butyrate 418:425 butyrate 418:425 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 3 5 theme short-chain 371:381 arg1 propionate 403:412 propionate 403:412 propionate 403:412 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 5 6 from mice 890:893 arg1 benefits 783:790 The metabolic benefits 769:790 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice 769:874 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 5 6 from mice 890:893 arg1 absent 880:885 absent 880:885 absent 880:885 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 5 7 theme gut 947:949 arg1 composition 962:972 gut microbiota composition 947:972 gut microbiota composition 947:972 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 3 8 theme fatty 383:387 arg1 SCFAs 396:400 SCFAs 396:400 SCFAs 396:400 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 3 8 theme fatty 383:387 arg1 acids 389:393 short-chain fatty acids 371:393 the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate 367:425 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 3 8 theme fatty 383:387 arg1 butyrate 418:425 butyrate 418:425 butyrate 418:425 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 3 8 theme fatty 383:387 arg1 propionate 403:412 propionate 403:412 propionate 403:412 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 5 9 theme microbiota 951:960 arg1 composition 962:972 gut microbiota composition 947:972 gut microbiota composition 947:972 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 2 10 contain has 290:292 arg1 IGN 285:287 IGN 285:287 IGN 285:287 Recent evidence indicates that intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) has beneficial effects on glucose and energy homeostasis. 24412651 2 10 contain has 290:292 arg1 gluconeogenesis 268:282 intestinal gluconeogenesis 257:282 intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) 257:288 Recent evidence indicates that intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) has beneficial effects on glucose and energy homeostasis. 24412651 2 10 contain has 290:292 arg2 effects 305:311 beneficial effects 294:311 beneficial effects 294:311 Recent evidence indicates that intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) has beneficial effects on glucose and energy homeostasis. 24412651 4 11 theme neural 713:718 arg1 circuit 720:726 a gut-brain neural circuit 701:726 a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3 701:766 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 5 12 from absent 880:885 arg1 mice 890:893 mice 890:893 mice deficient for IGN 890:911 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 1 13 theme Soluble 91:97 arg1 fibers 107:112 Soluble dietary fibers 91:112 Soluble dietary fibers 91:112 Soluble dietary fibers promote metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. 24412651 5 14 theme normal 864:869 arg1 mice 871:874 normal mice 864:874 normal mice 864:874 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 1 15 theme underlying 181:190 arg1 mechanisms 192:201 underlying mechanisms 181:201 underlying mechanisms 181:201 Soluble dietary fibers promote metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. 24412651 4 16 theme cAMP-dependent 596:609 arg1 mechanism 611:619 a cAMP-dependent mechanism 594:619 a cAMP-dependent mechanism 594:619 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 1 17 theme dietary 99:105 arg1 fibers 107:112 Soluble dietary fibers 91:112 Soluble dietary fibers 91:112 Soluble dietary fibers promote metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. 24412651 4 18 theme IGN 662:664 arg1 substrate 649:657 a substrate 647:657 itself a substrate of IGN 640:664 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 4 19 dep activates 556:564 arg1 while 622:626 while 622:626 while 622:626 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 4 20 theme fatty 742:746 arg1 FFAR3 762:766 the fatty acid receptor FFAR3 738:766 the fatty acid receptor FFAR3 738:766 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 4 21 theme IGN 677:679 arg1 expression 686:695 IGN gene expression 677:695 IGN gene expression 677:695 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 0 22 theme Microbiota-generated 0:19 arg1 metabolites 21:31 Microbiota-generated metabolites 0:31 Microbiota-generated metabolites 0:31 Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits. 24412651 4 23 theme IGN 566:568 arg1 expression 575:584 IGN gene expression 566:584 IGN gene expression 566:584 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 5 24 theme similar 922:928 arg1 modifications 930:942 similar modifications 922:942 similar modifications in gut microbiota composition 922:972 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 0 25 theme metabolic 41:49 arg1 benefits 51:58 metabolic benefits 41:58 metabolic benefits 41:58 Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits. 24412651 5 26 theme glucose 811:817 arg1 control 819:825 glucose control 811:825 glucose control 811:825 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 2 27 theme energy 328:333 arg1 homeostasis 335:345 energy homeostasis 328:345 energy homeostasis 328:345 Recent evidence indicates that intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) has beneficial effects on glucose and energy homeostasis. 24412651 3 28 theme soluble 467:473 arg1 fiber 475:479 soluble fiber 467:479 soluble fiber 467:479 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 3 29 theme complementary 521:533 arg1 mechanisms 535:544 complementary mechanisms 521:544 complementary mechanisms 521:544 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 4 30 theme acid 748:751 arg1 FFAR3 762:766 the fatty acid receptor FFAR3 738:766 the fatty acid receptor FFAR3 738:766 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 3 31 theme fiber 475:479 arg1 fermentation 451:462 fermentation 451:462 fermentation of soluble fiber 451:479 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 4 32 theme gene 570:573 arg1 expression 575:584 IGN gene expression 566:584 IGN gene expression 566:584 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 1 33 theme metabolic 122:130 arg1 benefits 132:139 metabolic benefits 122:139 metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control 122:174 Soluble dietary fibers promote metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. 24412651 2 34 theme intestinal 257:266 arg1 IGN 285:287 IGN 285:287 IGN 285:287 Recent evidence indicates that intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) has beneficial effects on glucose and energy homeostasis. 24412651 2 34 theme intestinal 257:266 arg1 gluconeogenesis 268:282 intestinal gluconeogenesis 257:282 intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) 257:288 Recent evidence indicates that intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) has beneficial effects on glucose and energy homeostasis. 24412651 4 35 theme receptor 753:760 arg1 FFAR3 762:766 the fatty acid receptor FFAR3 738:766 the fatty acid receptor FFAR3 738:766 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 0 36 theme neural 74:79 arg1 circuits 81:88 gut-brain neural circuits 64:88 gut-brain neural circuits 64:88 Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits. 24412651 3 37 theme gut 488:490 arg1 microbiota 492:501 the gut microbiota 484:501 the gut microbiota 484:501 Here, we show that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate, which are generated by fermentation of soluble fiber by the gut microbiota, activate IGN via complementary mechanisms. 24412651 0 38 theme gut-brain 64:72 arg1 circuits 81:88 gut-brain neural circuits 64:88 gut-brain neural circuits 64:88 Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits. 24412651 4 39 dep itself 640:645 arg1 substrate 649:657 a substrate 647:657 itself a substrate of IGN 640:664 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 1 40 theme body 144:147 arg1 weight 149:154 body weight 144:154 body weight 144:154 Soluble dietary fibers promote metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. 24412651 5 41 from modifications 930:942 arg1 composition 962:972 gut microbiota composition 947:972 gut microbiota composition 947:972 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 2 42 theme Recent 226:231 arg1 evidence 233:240 Recent evidence 226:240 Recent evidence 226:240 Recent evidence indicates that intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) has beneficial effects on glucose and energy homeostasis. 24412651 1 43 from benefits 132:139 arg1 weight 149:154 body weight 144:154 body weight 144:154 Soluble dietary fibers promote metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. 24412651 1 43 from benefits 132:139 arg1 control 168:174 glucose control 160:174 glucose control 160:174 Soluble dietary fibers promote metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. 24412651 2 44 theme beneficial 294:303 arg1 effects 305:311 beneficial effects 294:311 beneficial effects 294:311 Recent evidence indicates that intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) has beneficial effects on glucose and energy homeostasis. 24412651 5 45 theme deficient 895:903 arg1 mice 890:893 mice 890:893 mice deficient for IGN 890:911 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 5 46 theme dietary 847:853 arg1 fiber 855:859 dietary fiber 847:859 dietary fiber 847:859 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 1 47 theme glucose 160:166 arg1 control 168:174 glucose control 160:174 glucose control 160:174 Soluble dietary fibers promote metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. 24412651 6 48 theme IGN 999:1001 arg1 regulation 985:994 the regulation 981:994 the regulation of IGN 981:1001 Thus, the regulation of IGN is necessary for the metabolic benefits associated with SCFAs and soluble fiber. 24412651 6 48 theme IGN 999:1001 arg1 necessary 1006:1014 necessary 1006:1014 necessary 1006:1014 Thus, the regulation of IGN is necessary for the metabolic benefits associated with SCFAs and soluble fiber. 24412651 5 49 theme body 795:798 arg1 weight 800:805 body weight 795:805 body weight 795:805 The metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control induced by SCFAs or dietary fiber in normal mice are absent in mice deficient for IGN, despite similar modifications in gut microbiota composition. 24412651 4 50 theme gene 681:684 arg1 expression 686:695 IGN gene expression 677:695 IGN gene expression 677:695 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 24412651 4 51 theme gut-brain 703:711 arg1 circuit 720:726 a gut-brain neural circuit 701:726 a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3 701:766 Butyrate activates IGN gene expression through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, while propionate, itself a substrate of IGN, activates IGN gene expression via a gut-brain neural circuit involving the fatty acid receptor FFAR3. 26616917 1 0 theme extracts 151:158 arg1 phenolic 117:124 phenolic 117:124 phenolic 117:124 The total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts from peel of kumquat were higher than those from pulp, and those extracted from immature kumquat were higher than those from mature kumquat. 26616917 1 0 theme extracts 151:158 arg1 higher 186:191 higher 186:191 higher 186:191 The total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts from peel of kumquat were higher than those from pulp, and those extracted from immature kumquat were higher than those from mature kumquat. 26616917 2 1 theme phenolic 323:330 arg1 content 346:352 phenolic and flavonoid content 323:352 content 346:352 The highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid content were obtained in hot water extracts. 26616917 4 2 theme phenolic 896:903 arg1 content 905:911 total phenolic content 890:911 total phenolic content 890:911 A positive relationship existed between total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging potency (p<0.001). 26616917 6 3 dep DGPP 1110:1113 arg1 8-C-neohesperidoside 1128:1147 8-C-neohesperidoside 1128:1147 8-C-neohesperidoside 1128:1147 The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity were DGPP and apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, which could be extracted in high amounts, by hot water at 90°C, from immature kumquat peel. 26616917 1 4 theme immature 240:247 arg1 kumquat 249:255 immature kumquat 240:255 immature kumquat 240:255 The total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts from peel of kumquat were higher than those from pulp, and those extracted from immature kumquat were higher than those from mature kumquat. 26616917 0 5 theme different 87:95 arg1 solvents 97:104 different solvents 87:104 different solvents 87:104 Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and effective compounds of kumquat extracted by different solvents. 26616917 4 6 theme total 890:894 arg1 content 905:911 total phenolic content 890:911 total phenolic content 890:911 A positive relationship existed between total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging potency (p<0.001). 26616917 6 7 theme hot 1195:1197 arg1 water 1199:1203 hot water 1195:1203 hot water at 90°C 1195:1211 The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity were DGPP and apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, which could be extracted in high amounts, by hot water at 90°C, from immature kumquat peel. 26616917 3 8 theme soluble 454:460 arg1 flavonoids 395:404 The flavonoids 391:404 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water 391:440 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 8 theme soluble 454:460 arg1 C-glycosides 494:505 C-glycosides 494:505 C-glycosides 494:505 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 8 theme soluble 454:460 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 771:790 isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside 756:790 isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) 756:801 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 8 theme soluble 454:460 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 816:835 apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside 807:835 apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin) 807:847 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 8 theme soluble 454:460 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 720:739 acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside 711:739 acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin) 711:753 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 8 theme soluble 454:460 arg1 compounds 473:481 conjugated compounds 462:481 conjugated compounds 462:481 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 9 theme acacetin 711:718 arg1 fortunellin 742:752 fortunellin 742:752 fortunellin 742:752 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 9 theme acacetin 711:718 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 720:739 acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside 711:739 acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin) 711:753 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 5 10 theme similar 985:991 arg1 p<0.001 1006:1012 p<0.001 1006:1012 p<0.001 1006:1012 Total flavonoid content showed a similar correlation (p<0.001) to DPPH scavenging potency. 26616917 5 10 theme similar 985:991 arg1 correlation 993:1003 a similar correlation 983:1003 a similar correlation (p<0.001) 983:1013 Total flavonoid content showed a similar correlation (p<0.001) to DPPH scavenging potency. 26616917 6 11 theme antioxidant 1084:1094 arg1 activity 1096:1103 antioxidant activity 1084:1103 antioxidant activity 1084:1103 The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity were DGPP and apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, which could be extracted in high amounts, by hot water at 90°C, from immature kumquat peel. 26616917 2 12 theme hot 371:373 arg1 extracts 381:388 hot water extracts 371:388 hot water extracts 371:388 The highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid content were obtained in hot water extracts. 26616917 1 13 theme kumquat 173:179 arg1 peel 165:168 peel 165:168 peel of kumquat 165:179 The total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts from peel of kumquat were higher than those from pulp, and those extracted from immature kumquat were higher than those from mature kumquat. 26616917 0 14 theme Phenolic 0:7 arg1 content 9:15 Phenolic content 0:15 Phenolic content 0:15 Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and effective compounds of kumquat extracted by different solvents. 26616917 4 15 theme positive 852:859 arg1 relationship 861:872 A positive relationship 850:872 A positive relationship 850:872 A positive relationship existed between total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging potency (p<0.001). 26616917 5 16 theme Total 952:956 arg1 content 968:974 Total flavonoid content 952:974 Total flavonoid content 952:974 Total flavonoid content showed a similar correlation (p<0.001) to DPPH scavenging potency. 26616917 0 17 theme antioxidant 18:28 arg1 activity 30:37 antioxidant activity 18:37 antioxidant activity 18:37 Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and effective compounds of kumquat extracted by different solvents. 26616917 5 18 theme flavonoid 958:966 arg1 content 968:974 Total flavonoid content 952:974 Total flavonoid content 952:974 Total flavonoid content showed a similar correlation (p<0.001) to DPPH scavenging potency. 26616917 6 19 theme high 1178:1181 arg1 amounts 1183:1189 high amounts 1178:1189 high amounts 1178:1189 The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity were DGPP and apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, which could be extracted in high amounts, by hot water at 90°C, from immature kumquat peel. 26616917 3 20 theme 5'-di-C- 519:526 arg1 3 516:516 3 516:516 3 516:516 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 20 theme 5'-di-C- 519:526 arg1 DGPP 554:557 DGPP 554:557 DGPP 554:557 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 20 theme 5'-di-C- 519:526 arg1 β-glucopyranosylphloretin 527:551 5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin 519:551 5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP) 519:558 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 5 21 theme DPPH 1018:1021 arg1 potency 1034:1040 DPPH scavenging potency 1018:1040 DPPH scavenging potency 1018:1040 Total flavonoid content showed a similar correlation (p<0.001) to DPPH scavenging potency. 26616917 6 22 theme effective 1047:1055 arg1 flavonoids 1057:1066 The effective flavonoids 1043:1066 The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity 1043:1103 The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity were DGPP and apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, which could be extracted in high amounts, by hot water at 90°C, from immature kumquat peel. 26616917 6 22 theme effective 1047:1055 arg1 DGPP 1110:1113 DGPP 1110:1113 DGPP 1110:1113 The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity were DGPP and apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, which could be extracted in high amounts, by hot water at 90°C, from immature kumquat peel. 26616917 3 23 theme kumquat 409:415 arg1 flavonoids 395:404 The flavonoids 391:404 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water 391:440 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 23 theme kumquat 409:415 arg1 C-glycosides 494:505 C-glycosides 494:505 C-glycosides 494:505 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 23 theme kumquat 409:415 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 771:790 isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside 756:790 isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) 756:801 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 23 theme kumquat 409:415 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 816:835 apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside 807:835 apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin) 807:847 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 23 theme kumquat 409:415 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 720:739 acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside 711:739 acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin) 711:753 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 23 theme kumquat 409:415 arg1 compounds 473:481 conjugated compounds 462:481 conjugated compounds 462:481 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 24 theme acacetin 561:568 arg1 3 516:516 3 516:516 3 516:516 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 24 theme acacetin 561:568 arg1 margaritene 592:602 margaritene 592:602 margaritene 592:602 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 24 theme acacetin 561:568 arg1 8-C-neohesperidoside 570:589 acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside 561:589 acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene) 561:603 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 2 25 theme water 375:379 arg1 extracts 381:388 hot water extracts 371:388 hot water extracts 371:388 The highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid content were obtained in hot water extracts. 26616917 1 26 theme mature 285:290 arg1 kumquat 292:298 mature kumquat 285:298 mature kumquat 285:298 The total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts from peel of kumquat were higher than those from pulp, and those extracted from immature kumquat were higher than those from mature kumquat. 26616917 3 27 theme acacetin 606:613 arg1 6-C-neohesperidoside 615:634 acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside 606:634 acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene) 606:651 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 27 theme acacetin 606:613 arg1 3 516:516 3 516:516 3 516:516 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 27 theme acacetin 606:613 arg1 isomargaritene 637:650 isomargaritene 637:650 isomargaritene 637:650 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 6 28 theme kumquat 1228:1234 arg1 peel 1236:1239 immature kumquat peel 1219:1239 immature kumquat peel 1219:1239 The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity were DGPP and apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, which could be extracted in high amounts, by hot water at 90°C, from immature kumquat peel. 26616917 3 29 theme conjugated 462:471 arg1 flavonoids 395:404 The flavonoids 391:404 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water 391:440 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 29 theme conjugated 462:471 arg1 C-glycosides 494:505 C-glycosides 494:505 C-glycosides 494:505 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 29 theme conjugated 462:471 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 771:790 isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside 756:790 isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) 756:801 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 29 theme conjugated 462:471 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 816:835 apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside 807:835 apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin) 807:847 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 29 theme conjugated 462:471 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 720:739 acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside 711:739 acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin) 711:753 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 29 theme conjugated 462:471 arg1 compounds 473:481 conjugated compounds 462:481 conjugated compounds 462:481 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 0 30 theme effective 43:51 arg1 compounds 53:61 effective compounds 43:61 effective compounds 43:61 Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and effective compounds of kumquat extracted by different solvents. 26616917 6 31 theme immature 1219:1226 arg1 peel 1236:1239 immature kumquat peel 1219:1239 immature kumquat peel 1219:1239 The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity were DGPP and apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, which could be extracted in high amounts, by hot water at 90°C, from immature kumquat peel. 26616917 3 32 theme isosakuranetin 756:769 arg1 poncirin 793:800 poncirin 793:800 poncirin 793:800 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 32 theme isosakuranetin 756:769 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 771:790 isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside 756:790 isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) 756:801 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 4 33 theme scavenging 922:931 arg1 p<0.001 942:948 p<0.001 942:948 p<0.001 942:948 A positive relationship existed between total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging potency (p<0.001). 26616917 4 33 theme scavenging 922:931 arg1 potency 933:939 DPPH scavenging potency 917:939 DPPH scavenging potency (p<0.001) 917:949 A positive relationship existed between total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging potency (p<0.001). 26616917 3 34 theme apigenin 654:661 arg1 3 516:516 3 516:516 3 516:516 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 34 theme apigenin 654:661 arg1 8-C-neohesperidoside 663:682 apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside 654:682 apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside 654:682 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 5 35 theme scavenging 1023:1032 arg1 potency 1034:1040 DPPH scavenging potency 1018:1040 DPPH scavenging potency 1018:1040 Total flavonoid content showed a similar correlation (p<0.001) to DPPH scavenging potency. 26616917 2 36 theme highest 305:311 arg1 levels 313:318 The highest levels 301:318 The highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid content 301:352 The highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid content were obtained in hot water extracts. 26616917 4 37 theme DPPH 917:920 arg1 p<0.001 942:948 p<0.001 942:948 p<0.001 942:948 A positive relationship existed between total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging potency (p<0.001). 26616917 4 37 theme DPPH 917:920 arg1 potency 933:939 DPPH scavenging potency 917:939 DPPH scavenging potency (p<0.001) 917:949 A positive relationship existed between total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging potency (p<0.001). 26616917 1 38 theme flavonoid 130:138 arg1 content 140:146 The total phenolic and flavonoid content 107:146 content 140:146 The total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts from peel of kumquat were higher than those from pulp, and those extracted from immature kumquat were higher than those from mature kumquat. 26616917 3 39 theme apigenin 807:814 arg1 rhoifolin 838:846 rhoifolin 838:846 rhoifolin 838:846 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 3 39 theme apigenin 807:814 arg1 7-O-neohesperidoside 816:835 apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside 807:835 apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin) 807:847 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 0 40 theme kumquat 66:72 arg1 content 9:15 Phenolic content 0:15 Phenolic content 0:15 Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and effective compounds of kumquat extracted by different solvents. 26616917 0 40 theme kumquat 66:72 arg1 activity 30:37 antioxidant activity 18:37 antioxidant activity 18:37 Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and effective compounds of kumquat extracted by different solvents. 26616917 0 40 theme kumquat 66:72 arg1 compounds 53:61 effective compounds 43:61 effective compounds 43:61 Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and effective compounds of kumquat extracted by different solvents. 26616917 3 41 theme hot 432:434 arg1 water 436:440 hot water 432:440 hot water 432:440 The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). 26616917 2 42 theme content 346:352 arg1 levels 313:318 The highest levels 301:318 The highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid content 301:352 The highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid content were obtained in hot water extracts. 26616917 1 43 from peel 165:168 arg1 extracts 151:158 extracts 151:158 extracts from peel of kumquat 151:179 The total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts from peel of kumquat were higher than those from pulp, and those extracted from immature kumquat were higher than those from mature kumquat. 26616917 2 44 theme flavonoid 336:344 arg1 content 346:352 phenolic and flavonoid content 323:352 content 346:352 The highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid content were obtained in hot water extracts. 26616917 6 45 from 90°C 1208:1211 arg1 water 1199:1203 hot water 1195:1203 hot water at 90°C 1195:1211 The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity were DGPP and apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, which could be extracted in high amounts, by hot water at 90°C, from immature kumquat peel. 28135738 6 0 theme nitric 1136:1141 arg1 oxide 1143:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 10 1 theme anti-inflammatory 1976:1992 arg1 agents 1994:1999 novel anti-inflammatory agents 1970:1999 novel anti-inflammatory agents 1970:1999 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 2 2 theme ethanol 330:336 arg1 extract 343:349 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 318:349 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 318:349 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 1 3 theme cleaning 233:240 arg1 wounds 247:252 cleaning skin wounds 233:252 cleaning skin wounds 233:252 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 3 4 theme lipopolysaccharide/interferon 534:562 arg1 macrophages 581:591 lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages 534:591 lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha 534:681 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was preliminarily investigated in lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 28135738 8 5 theme nitric 1342:1347 arg1 oxide 1349:1353 nitric oxide 1342:1353 nitric oxide 1342:1353 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 8 6 theme ethanol 1279:1285 arg1 extract 1292:1298 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1258:1298 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1258:1298 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 7 7 theme extract 1219:1225 arg1 composition 1179:1189 The chemical composition 1166:1189 The chemical composition of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1166:1225 The chemical composition of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was characterized by LC-MS/MS. 28135738 6 8 theme cell 1009:1012 arg1 factor-alpha 1087:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 8 theme cell 1009:1012 arg1 interleukin 1 1101:1113 interleukin 1 1101:1113 interleukin 1 1101:1113 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 8 theme cell 1009:1012 arg1 mediators 1054:1062 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 1027:1062 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide 1027:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 8 theme cell 1009:1012 arg1 infiltrates 1014:1024 the immune cell infiltrates 998:1024 the immune cell infiltrates 998:1024 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 8 theme cell 1009:1012 arg1 oxide 1143:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 8 theme cell 1009:1012 arg1 interleukin 1116:1126 interleukin 10 1116:1129 interleukin 10 1116:1129 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 9 9 theme protein 1552:1558 arg1 exudation 1560:1568 protein exudation 1552:1568 protein exudation 1552:1568 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 3 10 theme anti-inflammatory 473:489 arg1 activity 491:498 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity 464:498 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity 464:498 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was preliminarily investigated in lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 28135738 1 11 theme folk 181:184 arg1 medicine 186:193 folk medicine 181:193 folk medicine 181:193 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 8 12 theme In 1258:1259 arg1 extract 1292:1298 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1258:1298 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1258:1298 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 9 13 dep S. 1448:1449 arg1 vulgaris 1451:1458 vulgaris 1451:1458 vulgaris 1451:1458 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 10 14 dep S. 1900:1901 arg1 vulgaris 1903:1910 vulgaris 1903:1910 vulgaris 1903:1910 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 9 15 theme ethanol 1460:1466 arg1 extract 1473:1479 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1439:1479 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1439:1479 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 7 16 theme vulgaris 1197:1204 arg1 extract 1219:1225 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1194:1225 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1194:1225 The chemical composition of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was characterized by LC-MS/MS. 28135738 4 17 theme extract 747:753 arg1 activity 710:717 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity 684:717 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 684:753 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 1 18 theme common 116:121 arg1 vulgaris 86:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 1 18 theme common 116:121 arg1 plant 143:147 the most common medicinal mistletoe plant 107:147 the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil 107:157 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 1 19 used used 173:176 arg2 vulgaris 86:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 1 19 used used 173:176 arg2 plant 143:147 the most common medicinal mistletoe plant 107:147 the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil 107:157 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 1 19 used used 173:176 arg2 agent 219:223 an anti-inflammatory agent 198:223 an anti-inflammatory agent 198:223 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 5 20 dep S. 925:926 arg1 vulgaris 928:935 vulgaris 928:935 vulgaris 928:935 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 10 21 theme leaf 1920:1923 arg1 source 1942:1947 a source 1940:1947 a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents 1940:1999 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 10 21 theme leaf 1920:1923 arg1 extract 1925:1931 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1900:1931 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1900:1931 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 8 22 from production 1328:1337 arg1 macrophages 1390:1400 macrophages 1390:1400 macrophages 1390:1400 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 1 23 theme mistletoe 133:141 arg1 vulgaris 86:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 1 23 theme mistletoe 133:141 arg1 plant 143:147 the most common medicinal mistletoe plant 107:147 the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil 107:157 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 1 24 theme medicinal 123:131 arg1 vulgaris 86:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 1 24 theme medicinal 123:131 arg1 plant 143:147 the most common medicinal mistletoe plant 107:147 the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil 107:157 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 8 25 theme necrosis 1365:1372 arg1 factor-alpha 1374:1385 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1359:1385 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1359:1385 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 0 26 theme Struthanthus 50:61 arg1 vulgaris 63:70 Struthanthus vulgaris 50:70 Struthanthus vulgaris 50:70 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris. 28135738 3 27 theme oxide 634:638 arg1 production 640:649 nitric oxide production 627:649 nitric oxide production 627:649 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was preliminarily investigated in lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 28135738 9 28 theme nitric 1571:1576 arg1 oxide 1578:1582 nitric oxide 1571:1582 nitric oxide 1571:1582 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 4 29 theme ethanol 734:740 arg1 extract 747:753 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 722:753 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 722:753 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 2 30 dep in 435:436 arg1 vitro 438:442 vitro 438:442 vitro 438:442 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 5 31 theme leaf 945:948 arg1 extract 950:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 4 32 theme air 817:819 arg1 model 827:831 the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model 775:831 the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model 775:831 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 10 33 theme medicinal 1831:1839 arg1 therapy 1841:1847 a medicinal therapy 1829:1847 a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases 1829:1877 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 1 34 from plant 143:147 arg1 Brazil 152:157 Brazil 152:157 Brazil 152:157 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 9 35 theme necrosis 1591:1598 arg1 factor-alpha 1600:1611 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1585:1611 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1585:1611 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 10 36 theme vulgaris 1716:1723 arg1 extract 1738:1744 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1713:1744 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1713:1744 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 1 37 theme Struthanthus 73:84 arg1 agent 219:223 an anti-inflammatory agent 198:223 an anti-inflammatory agent 198:223 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 1 37 theme Struthanthus 73:84 arg1 plant 143:147 the most common medicinal mistletoe plant 107:147 the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil 107:157 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 1 37 theme Struthanthus 73:84 arg1 vulgaris 86:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 2 38 theme further 363:369 arg1 insights 371:378 further insights 363:378 further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays 363:461 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 0 39 theme In 0:1 arg1 Effects 39:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects 0:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris 0:70 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris. 28135738 10 40 theme ethanol 1912:1918 arg1 source 1942:1947 a source 1940:1947 a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents 1940:1999 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 10 40 theme ethanol 1912:1918 arg1 extract 1925:1931 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1900:1931 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1900:1931 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 8 41 dep S. 1267:1268 arg1 vulgaris 1270:1277 vulgaris 1270:1277 vulgaris 1270:1277 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 4 42 theme carrageenan-induced 784:802 arg1 model 827:831 the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model 775:831 the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model 775:831 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 7 43 theme ethanol 1206:1212 arg1 extract 1219:1225 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1194:1225 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1194:1225 The chemical composition of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was characterized by LC-MS/MS. 28135738 4 44 theme S. 722:723 arg1 extract 747:753 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 722:753 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 722:753 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 2 45 theme in 448:449 arg1 assays 456:461 in vitro and in vivo assays 435:461 in vitro and in vivo assays 435:461 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 8 46 dep In 1258:1259 arg1 vitro 1261:1265 vitro 1261:1265 vitro 1261:1265 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 8 46 dep In 1258:1259 arg1 S. 1267:1268 S. 1267:1268 S. 1267:1268 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 10 47 theme leaf 1733:1736 arg1 extract 1738:1744 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1713:1744 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1713:1744 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 7 48 theme S. 1194:1195 arg1 extract 1219:1225 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1194:1225 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1194:1225 The chemical composition of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was characterized by LC-MS/MS. 28135738 6 49 theme necrosis 1078:1085 arg1 factor-alpha 1087:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 3 50 theme necrosis 661:668 arg1 factor-alpha 670:681 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 655:681 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 655:681 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was preliminarily investigated in lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 28135738 10 51 dep exhibited 1746:1754 arg1 endorsing 1801:1809 endorsing 1801:1809 endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases 1801:1877 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 10 51 dep exhibited 1746:1754 arg1 suggesting 1884:1893 suggesting 1884:1893 suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents 1884:1999 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 2 52 theme vulgaris 321:328 arg1 extract 343:349 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 318:349 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 318:349 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 9 53 theme inflammation 1674:1685 arg1 pouch 1691:1695 the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch 1650:1695 the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch 1650:1695 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 10 54 theme anti-inflammatory 1766:1782 arg1 effects 1784:1790 prominent anti-inflammatory effects 1756:1790 prominent anti-inflammatory effects 1756:1790 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 9 55 theme In 1439:1440 arg1 extract 1473:1479 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1439:1479 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1439:1479 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 5 56 theme air 838:840 arg1 pouches 842:848 The air pouches 834:848 The air pouches 834:848 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 4 57 dep In 684:685 arg1 vivo 687:690 vivo 687:690 vivo 687:690 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 10 58 theme agents 1994:1999 arg1 discovery 1957:1965 the discovery 1953:1965 the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents 1953:1999 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 2 59 theme leaf 338:341 arg1 extract 343:349 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 318:349 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 318:349 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 9 60 theme leaf 1468:1471 arg1 extract 1473:1479 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1439:1479 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1439:1479 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 10 61 theme novel 1970:1974 arg1 agents 1994:1999 novel anti-inflammatory agents 1970:1999 novel anti-inflammatory agents 1970:1999 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 1 62 theme skin 242:245 arg1 wounds 247:252 cleaning skin wounds 233:252 cleaning skin wounds 233:252 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 4 63 theme In 684:685 arg1 activity 710:717 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity 684:717 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 684:753 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 3 64 dep In 464:465 arg1 vitro 467:471 vitro 467:471 vitro 467:471 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was preliminarily investigated in lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 28135738 2 65 theme anti-inflammatory 288:304 arg1 activity 306:313 the anti-inflammatory activity 284:313 the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 284:349 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 4 66 theme anti-inflammatory 692:708 arg1 activity 710:717 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity 684:717 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 684:753 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 3 67 theme gamma-stimulated 564:579 arg1 macrophages 581:591 lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages 534:591 lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha 534:681 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was preliminarily investigated in lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 28135738 6 68 theme immune 1002:1007 arg1 factor-alpha 1087:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 68 theme immune 1002:1007 arg1 interleukin 1 1101:1113 interleukin 1 1101:1113 interleukin 1 1101:1113 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 68 theme immune 1002:1007 arg1 mediators 1054:1062 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 1027:1062 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide 1027:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 68 theme immune 1002:1007 arg1 infiltrates 1014:1024 the immune cell infiltrates 998:1024 the immune cell infiltrates 998:1024 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 68 theme immune 1002:1007 arg1 oxide 1143:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 68 theme immune 1002:1007 arg1 interleukin 1116:1126 interleukin 10 1116:1129 interleukin 10 1116:1129 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 4 69 theme vulgaris 725:732 arg1 extract 747:753 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 722:753 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 722:753 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 2 70 theme S. 318:319 arg1 extract 343:349 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 318:349 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 318:349 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 10 71 theme S. 1900:1901 arg1 source 1942:1947 a source 1940:1947 a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents 1940:1999 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 10 71 theme S. 1900:1901 arg1 extract 1925:1931 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1900:1931 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1900:1931 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 8 72 theme leaf 1287:1290 arg1 extract 1292:1298 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1258:1298 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1258:1298 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 9 73 dep In 1439:1440 arg1 S. 1448:1449 S. 1448:1449 S. 1448:1449 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 9 73 dep In 1439:1440 arg1 vivo 1442:1445 vivo 1442:1445 vivo 1442:1445 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 5 74 theme extract 950:956 arg1 1 mg/kg 961:967 1 mg/kg 961:967 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone 961:984 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 5 74 theme extract 950:956 arg1 extract 950:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 5 74 theme extract 950:956 arg1 50 905:906 50 905:906 50 905:906 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 4 75 theme leaf 742:745 arg1 extract 747:753 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 722:753 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 722:753 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 9 76 theme air 1687:1689 arg1 pouch 1691:1695 the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch 1650:1695 the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch 1650:1695 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 5 77 theme 1 mg/kg 961:967 arg1 1 mg/kg 961:967 1 mg/kg 961:967 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone 961:984 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 5 77 theme 1 mg/kg 961:967 arg1 extract 950:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 5 77 theme 1 mg/kg 961:967 arg1 50 905:906 50 905:906 50 905:906 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 10 78 theme inflammatory 1857:1868 arg1 diseases 1870:1877 inflammatory diseases 1857:1877 inflammatory diseases 1857:1877 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 6 79 theme tumor 1072:1076 arg1 factor-alpha 1087:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 8 80 theme oxide 1349:1353 arg1 production 1328:1337 the production 1324:1337 the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages 1324:1400 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 0 81 theme vulgaris 63:70 arg1 Effects 39:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects 0:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris 0:70 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris. 28135738 3 82 theme nitric 627:632 arg1 oxide 634:638 nitric oxide 627:638 nitric oxide production 627:649 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was preliminarily investigated in lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 28135738 5 83 theme S. 925:926 arg1 extract 950:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 8 84 theme tumor 1359:1363 arg1 factor-alpha 1374:1385 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1359:1385 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1359:1385 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 5 85 theme ethanol 937:943 arg1 extract 950:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 6 86 theme anti-inflammatory 1036:1052 arg1 factor-alpha 1087:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 86 theme anti-inflammatory 1036:1052 arg1 interleukin 1 1101:1113 interleukin 1 1101:1113 interleukin 1 1101:1113 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 86 theme anti-inflammatory 1036:1052 arg1 mediators 1054:1062 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 1027:1062 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide 1027:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 86 theme anti-inflammatory 1036:1052 arg1 infiltrates 1014:1024 the immune cell infiltrates 998:1024 the immune cell infiltrates 998:1024 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 86 theme anti-inflammatory 1036:1052 arg1 oxide 1143:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 86 theme anti-inflammatory 1036:1052 arg1 interleukin 1116:1126 interleukin 10 1116:1129 interleukin 10 1116:1129 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 8 87 theme factor-alpha 1374:1385 arg1 production 1328:1337 the production 1324:1337 the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages 1324:1400 In vitro S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages and did not reveal any cytotoxicity. 28135738 2 88 dep in 448:449 arg1 vivo 451:454 vivo 451:454 vivo 451:454 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 9 89 theme tumor 1585:1589 arg1 factor-alpha 1600:1611 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1585:1611 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1585:1611 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 6 90 theme pro- 1027:1030 arg1 factor-alpha 1087:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 90 theme pro- 1027:1030 arg1 interleukin 1 1101:1113 interleukin 1 1101:1113 interleukin 1 1101:1113 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 90 theme pro- 1027:1030 arg1 mediators 1054:1062 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 1027:1062 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide 1027:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 90 theme pro- 1027:1030 arg1 infiltrates 1014:1024 the immune cell infiltrates 998:1024 the immune cell infiltrates 998:1024 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 90 theme pro- 1027:1030 arg1 oxide 1143:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 90 theme pro- 1027:1030 arg1 interleukin 1116:1126 interleukin 10 1116:1129 interleukin 10 1116:1129 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 4 91 theme inflammation 804:815 arg1 model 827:831 the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model 775:831 the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model 775:831 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 9 92 theme leukocytes 1520:1529 arg1 factor-alpha 1600:1611 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1585:1611 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1585:1611 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 9 92 theme leukocytes 1520:1529 arg1 interleukin 1618:1628 interleukin 1 1618:1630 interleukin 1 1618:1630 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 9 92 theme leukocytes 1520:1529 arg1 influx 1510:1515 the influx 1506:1515 the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils 1506:1549 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 9 92 theme leukocytes 1520:1529 arg1 oxide 1578:1582 nitric oxide 1571:1582 nitric oxide 1571:1582 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 9 92 theme leukocytes 1520:1529 arg1 exudation 1560:1568 protein exudation 1552:1568 protein exudation 1552:1568 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 4 93 theme pouch 821:825 arg1 model 827:831 the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model 775:831 the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model 775:831 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 10 94 theme S. 1713:1714 arg1 extract 1738:1744 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1713:1744 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1713:1744 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 7 95 theme leaf 1214:1217 arg1 extract 1219:1225 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1194:1225 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1194:1225 The chemical composition of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was characterized by LC-MS/MS. 28135738 5 96 theme dexamethasone 972:984 arg1 1 mg/kg 961:967 1 mg/kg 961:967 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone 961:984 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 5 96 theme dexamethasone 972:984 arg1 extract 950:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 925:956 The air pouches were inoculated with carrageenan and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. 28135738 0 97 theme In 13:14 arg1 Effects 39:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects 0:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris 0:70 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris. 28135738 4 98 theme mice 779:782 arg1 model 827:831 the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model 775:831 the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model 775:831 In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was investigated in the mice carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch model. 28135738 2 99 theme biological 392:401 arg1 action 403:408 this biological action 387:408 this biological action 387:408 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 0 100 theme Anti-inflammatory 21:37 arg1 Effects 39:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects 0:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris 0:70 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris. 28135738 3 101 theme tumor 655:659 arg1 factor-alpha 670:681 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 655:681 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 655:681 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was preliminarily investigated in lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 28135738 9 102 dep influx 1510:1515 arg1 concentrations 1632:1645 concentrations 1632:1645 concentrations 1632:1645 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 10 103 theme ethanol 1725:1731 arg1 extract 1738:1744 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1713:1744 S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1713:1744 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 7 104 theme chemical 1170:1177 arg1 composition 1179:1189 The chemical composition 1166:1189 The chemical composition of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 1166:1225 The chemical composition of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract was characterized by LC-MS/MS. 28135738 9 105 theme carrageenan-induced 1654:1672 arg1 pouch 1691:1695 the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch 1650:1695 the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch 1650:1695 In vivo, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract significantly suppressed the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 concentrations in the carrageenan-induced inflammation air pouch. 28135738 2 106 theme in 435:436 arg1 assays 456:461 in vitro and in vivo assays 435:461 in vitro and in vivo assays 435:461 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 28135738 3 107 theme In 464:465 arg1 activity 491:498 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity 464:498 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity 464:498 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was preliminarily investigated in lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-stimulated macrophages based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 28135738 0 108 dep In 0:1 arg1 Vitro 3:7 Vitro 3:7 Vitro 3:7 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris. 28135738 0 109 dep In 13:14 arg1 Vivo 16:19 Vivo 16:19 Vivo 16:19 In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris. 28135738 6 110 from Effects 987:993 arg1 factor-alpha 1087:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1072:1098 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 110 from Effects 987:993 arg1 interleukin 1 1101:1113 interleukin 1 1101:1113 interleukin 1 1101:1113 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 110 from Effects 987:993 arg1 mediators 1054:1062 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 1027:1062 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide 1027:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 110 from Effects 987:993 arg1 infiltrates 1014:1024 the immune cell infiltrates 998:1024 the immune cell infiltrates 998:1024 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 110 from Effects 987:993 arg1 oxide 1143:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 nitric oxide 1136:1147 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 6 110 from Effects 987:993 arg1 interleukin 1116:1126 interleukin 10 1116:1129 interleukin 10 1116:1129 Effects on the immune cell infiltrates, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, and nitric oxide, were evaluated. 28135738 10 111 theme prominent 1756:1764 arg1 effects 1784:1790 prominent anti-inflammatory effects 1756:1790 prominent anti-inflammatory effects 1756:1790 In conclusion, S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory effects, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a medicinal therapy against inflammatory diseases, and suggesting that S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract may be a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. 28135738 1 112 theme anti-inflammatory 201:217 arg1 agent 219:223 an anti-inflammatory agent 198:223 an anti-inflammatory agent 198:223 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 1 112 theme anti-inflammatory 201:217 arg1 vulgaris 86:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris 73:93 Struthanthus vulgaris is probably the most common medicinal mistletoe plant in Brazil, and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cleaning skin wounds. 28135738 2 113 theme extract 343:349 arg1 activity 306:313 the anti-inflammatory activity 284:313 the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract 284:349 Our proposal was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. vulgaris ethanol leaf extract and provide further insights of how this biological action could be explained using in vitro and in vivo assays. 29169959 6 0 theme matrix 1043:1048 arg1 composition 1050:1060 matrix composition 1043:1060 matrix composition 1043:1060 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 10 1 theme GAG 1489:1491 arg1 content 1493:1499 An increased GAG content 1476:1499 An increased GAG content 1476:1499 An increased GAG content paralleled this and histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue were enhanced after 3 weeks. 29169959 9 2 theme chondrogenic 1396:1407 arg1 markers 1409:1415 chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9 1396:1434 chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9 1396:1434 This was indicated by elevated expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, while COL1A1 and COL10A1 were reduced. 29169959 6 3 theme type 1133:1136 arg1 aggrecan 1123:1130 aggrecan 1123:1130 aggrecan 1123:1130 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 6 3 theme type 1133:1136 arg1 collagen 1143:1150 type I/II collagen 1133:1150 type I/II collagen 1133:1150 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 6 4 dep immunohistochemistry 1101:1120 arg1 acid 1164:1167 hyaluronic acid 1153:1167 hyaluronic acid 1153:1167 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 6 4 dep immunohistochemistry 1101:1120 arg1 aggrecan 1123:1130 aggrecan 1123:1130 aggrecan 1123:1130 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 6 4 dep immunohistochemistry 1101:1120 arg1 collagen 1143:1150 type I/II collagen 1133:1150 type I/II collagen 1133:1150 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 3 5 theme unconfined 730:739 arg1 injury 741:746 an axial unconfined injury 721:746 an axial unconfined injury 721:746 MATERIALS AND METHODS For (a) bovine articular cartilage was harvested, subjected to an axial unconfined injury and treated with bovine IL-10 (1-10,000 pg/ng/ml). 29169959 11 6 dep improved 1642:1649 arg1 b 1621:1621 b 1621:1621 b 1621:1621 (b) IL-10 [100 pg/ml] improved the chondrogenic differentiation of human chondrocytes, which was accompanied by cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation. 29169959 4 7 theme human 863:867 arg1 IL-10 869:873 human IL-10 863:873 human IL-10 863:873 For (b) a post-operatively remaining ACI graft was treated with human IL-10. 29169959 10 8 theme collagen 1553:1560 arg1 staining 1534:1541 histological staining 1521:1541 histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue 1521:1589 An increased GAG content paralleled this and histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue were enhanced after 3 weeks. 29169959 10 9 theme type 1546:1549 arg1 collagen 1553:1560 type 2 collagen 1546:1560 type 2 collagen 1546:1560 An increased GAG content paralleled this and histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue were enhanced after 3 weeks. 29169959 11 10 theme cartilaginous 1732:1744 arg1 formation 1753:1761 cartilaginous matrix formation 1732:1761 cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation 1732:1789 (b) IL-10 [100 pg/ml] improved the chondrogenic differentiation of human chondrocytes, which was accompanied by cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation. 29169959 10 11 theme toluidine 1576:1584 arg1 staining 1534:1541 histological staining 1521:1541 histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue 1521:1589 An increased GAG content paralleled this and histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue were enhanced after 3 weeks. 29169959 4 12 dep treated 850:856 arg1 b 804:804 b 804:804 b 804:804 For (b) a post-operatively remaining ACI graft was treated with human IL-10. 29169959 4 12 dep treated 850:856 arg1 For 799:801 For 799:801 For 799:801 For (b) a post-operatively remaining ACI graft was treated with human IL-10. 29169959 10 13 theme aggrecan 1563:1570 arg1 staining 1534:1541 histological staining 1521:1541 histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue 1521:1589 An increased GAG content paralleled this and histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue were enhanced after 3 weeks. 29169959 5 14 theme SOX9 919:922 arg1 levels 887:892 Expression levels 876:892 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan 876:935 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan were measured by qPCR (a,b). 29169959 2 15 theme collagen 599:606 arg1 scaffold 608:615 a clinically applied collagen scaffold 578:615 a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment 578:633 In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. 29169959 11 16 theme chondrocytes 1693:1704 arg1 differentiation 1668:1682 the chondrogenic differentiation 1651:1682 the chondrogenic differentiation 1651:1682 (b) IL-10 [100 pg/ml] improved the chondrogenic differentiation of human chondrocytes, which was accompanied by cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation. 29169959 5 17 theme aggrecan 928:935 arg1 levels 887:892 Expression levels 876:892 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan 876:935 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan were measured by qPCR (a,b). 29169959 6 18 theme hyaluronic 1153:1162 arg1 acid 1164:1167 hyaluronic acid 1153:1167 hyaluronic acid 1153:1167 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 6 18 theme hyaluronic 1153:1162 arg1 aggrecan 1123:1130 aggrecan 1123:1130 aggrecan 1123:1130 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 1 19 dep OBJECTIVE 104:112 arg1 application 118:128 The application 114:128 The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques 114:208 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 1 19 dep OBJECTIVE 104:112 arg1 useful 219:224 useful 219:224 useful 219:224 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 5 20 theme type 897:900 arg1 collagen 909:916 type I/II/X collagen 897:916 type I/II/X collagen 897:916 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan were measured by qPCR (a,b). 29169959 12 21 from environment 1882:1892 arg1 defects 1907:1913 cartilage defects 1897:1913 cartilage defects 1897:1913 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 0 22 theme collagen 83:90 arg1 grafts 96:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. 29169959 1 23 theme implantation 180:191 arg1 techniques 199:208 Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques 157:208 Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques 157:208 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 8 24 theme injurious 1297:1305 arg1 compression 1307:1317 injurious compression 1297:1317 injurious compression 1297:1317 RESULTS (a) IL-10 stabilized the chondrogenic phenotype after injurious compression and preserved matrix integrity. 29169959 6 25 theme I/II 1138:1141 arg1 aggrecan 1123:1130 aggrecan 1123:1130 aggrecan 1123:1130 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 6 25 theme I/II 1138:1141 arg1 collagen 1143:1150 type I/II collagen 1133:1150 type I/II collagen 1133:1150 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 1 26 theme mediators 144:152 arg1 application 118:128 The application 114:128 The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques 114:208 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 1 26 theme mediators 144:152 arg1 useful 219:224 useful 219:224 useful 219:224 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 8 27 theme matrix 1333:1338 arg1 integrity 1340:1348 preserved matrix integrity 1323:1348 preserved matrix integrity 1323:1348 RESULTS (a) IL-10 stabilized the chondrogenic phenotype after injurious compression and preserved matrix integrity. 29169959 2 28 theme interleukin 401:411 arg1 treatment 416:424 (a) interleukin 10 treatment 397:424 (a) interleukin 10 treatment 397:424 In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. 29169959 0 29 theme Chondrogenic 0:11 arg1 potential 13:21 Chondrogenic potential 0:21 Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. 0:102 Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. 29169959 1 30 theme neocartilage 295:306 arg1 formation 308:316 neocartilage formation 295:316 neocartilage formation 295:316 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 1 31 from application 118:128 arg1 techniques 199:208 Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques 157:208 Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques 157:208 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 2 32 theme phenotype 449:457 arg1 stabilization 459:471 chondrogenic phenotype stabilization 436:471 chondrogenic phenotype stabilization 436:471 In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. 29169959 6 33 theme nuclear 1005:1011 arg1 blebbing 1013:1020 nuclear blebbing 1005:1020 nuclear blebbing 1005:1020 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 3 34 theme articular 673:681 arg1 cartilage 683:691 (a) bovine articular cartilage 662:691 (a) bovine articular cartilage 662:691 MATERIALS AND METHODS For (a) bovine articular cartilage was harvested, subjected to an axial unconfined injury and treated with bovine IL-10 (1-10,000 pg/ng/ml). 29169959 4 35 theme remaining 826:834 arg1 graft 840:844 a post-operatively remaining ACI graft 807:844 a post-operatively remaining ACI graft 807:844 For (b) a post-operatively remaining ACI graft was treated with human IL-10. 29169959 1 36 theme post-traumatic 330:343 arg1 destruction 355:365 post-traumatic cartilage destruction 330:365 post-traumatic cartilage destruction 330:365 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 12 37 theme adjuvant 1833:1840 arg1 Interleukin-10 1803:1816 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 1792:1816 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 1792:1816 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 12 37 theme adjuvant 1833:1840 arg1 candidate 1842:1850 a versatile adjuvant candidate 1821:1850 a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts 1821:1954 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 10 38 theme increased 1479:1487 arg1 content 1493:1499 An increased GAG content 1476:1499 An increased GAG content 1476:1499 An increased GAG content paralleled this and histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue were enhanced after 3 weeks. 29169959 11 39 theme IL-10 1624:1628 arg1 [100 pg/ml 1630:1639 IL-10 [100 pg/ml] 1624:1640 IL-10 [100 pg/ml] 1624:1640 (b) IL-10 [100 pg/ml] improved the chondrogenic differentiation of human chondrocytes, which was accompanied by cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation. 29169959 9 40 dep markers 1409:1415 arg1 SOX9 1431:1434 SOX9 1431:1434 SOX9 1431:1434 This was indicated by elevated expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, while COL1A1 and COL10A1 were reduced. 29169959 9 40 dep markers 1409:1415 arg1 ACAN 1425:1428 ACAN 1425:1428 ACAN 1425:1428 This was indicated by elevated expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, while COL1A1 and COL10A1 were reduced. 29169959 9 40 dep markers 1409:1415 arg1 COL2A1 1417:1422 COL2A1 1417:1422 COL2A1 1417:1422 This was indicated by elevated expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, while COL1A1 and COL10A1 were reduced. 29169959 0 41 theme injured 48:54 arg1 grafts 96:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. 29169959 8 42 dep stabilized 1253:1262 arg1 a 1244:1244 a 1244:1244 a 1244:1244 RESULTS (a) IL-10 stabilized the chondrogenic phenotype after injurious compression and preserved matrix integrity. 29169959 6 43 theme GAG 1080:1082 arg1 measurements 1084:1095 GAG measurements 1080:1095 GAG measurements 1080:1095 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 1 44 theme Autologous 157:166 arg1 ACI 194:196 ACI 194:196 ACI 194:196 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 1 44 theme Autologous 157:166 arg1 implantation 180:191 Autologous chondrocyte implantation 157:191 Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques 157:208 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 2 45 dep treatment 416:424 arg1 a 398:398 a 398:398 a 398:398 In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. 29169959 1 46 theme dedifferentiated 244:259 arg1 phenotype 273:281 the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype 240:281 the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype 240:281 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 3 47 theme axial 724:728 arg1 injury 741:746 an axial unconfined injury 721:746 an axial unconfined injury 721:746 MATERIALS AND METHODS For (a) bovine articular cartilage was harvested, subjected to an axial unconfined injury and treated with bovine IL-10 (1-10,000 pg/ng/ml). 29169959 9 48 theme elevated 1373:1380 arg1 expression 1382:1391 elevated expression 1373:1391 elevated expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9 1373:1434 This was indicated by elevated expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, while COL1A1 and COL10A1 were reduced. 29169959 2 49 theme ACI 621:623 arg1 treatment 625:633 ACI treatment 621:633 ACI treatment 621:633 In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. 29169959 5 50 theme I/II/X 902:907 arg1 collagen 909:916 type I/II/X collagen 897:916 type I/II/X collagen 897:916 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan were measured by qPCR (a,b). 29169959 10 51 theme histological 1521:1532 arg1 staining 1534:1541 histological staining 1521:1541 histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue 1521:1589 An increased GAG content paralleled this and histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue were enhanced after 3 weeks. 29169959 9 52 theme markers 1409:1415 arg1 expression 1382:1391 elevated expression 1373:1391 elevated expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9 1373:1434 This was indicated by elevated expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, while COL1A1 and COL10A1 were reduced. 29169959 7 53 theme STATISTICS 1171:1180 arg1 way 1186:1188 STATISTICS One way 1171:1188 STATISTICS One way 1171:1188 STATISTICS One way ANOVA analysis with Bonferroni's correction. 29169959 5 54 theme Expression 876:885 arg1 levels 887:892 Expression levels 876:892 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan 876:935 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan were measured by qPCR (a,b). 29169959 12 55 theme ACI 1945:1947 arg1 grafts 1949:1954 ACI grafts 1945:1954 ACI grafts 1945:1954 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 5 56 theme collagen 909:916 arg1 levels 887:892 Expression levels 876:892 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan 876:935 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan were measured by qPCR (a,b). 29169959 10 57 theme blue 1586:1589 arg1 toluidine 1576:1584 toluidine blue 1576:1589 toluidine blue 1576:1589 An increased GAG content paralleled this and histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue were enhanced after 3 weeks. 29169959 11 58 theme matrix 1746:1751 arg1 formation 1753:1761 cartilaginous matrix formation 1732:1761 cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation 1732:1789 (b) IL-10 [100 pg/ml] improved the chondrogenic differentiation of human chondrocytes, which was accompanied by cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation. 29169959 11 59 theme incubation 1780:1789 arg1 weeks 1771:1775 3 weeks 1769:1775 3 weeks of incubation 1769:1789 (b) IL-10 [100 pg/ml] improved the chondrogenic differentiation of human chondrocytes, which was accompanied by cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation. 29169959 1 60 theme adjunctive 133:142 arg1 mediators 144:152 adjunctive mediators 133:152 adjunctive mediators 133:152 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 2 61 theme applied 591:597 arg1 scaffold 608:615 a clinically applied collagen scaffold 578:615 a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment 578:633 In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. 29169959 0 62 theme cellularized 70:81 arg1 grafts 96:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. 29169959 6 63 theme cell 980:983 arg1 death 985:989 cell death 980:989 cell death 980:989 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 5 64 dep qPCR 954:957 arg1 a 960:960 a 960:960 a 960:960 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan were measured by qPCR (a,b). 29169959 5 64 dep qPCR 954:957 arg1 b 962:962 b 962:962 b 962:962 Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan were measured by qPCR (a,b). 29169959 11 65 theme human 1687:1691 arg1 chondrocytes 1693:1704 human chondrocytes 1687:1704 human chondrocytes 1687:1704 (b) IL-10 [100 pg/ml] improved the chondrogenic differentiation of human chondrocytes, which was accompanied by cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation. 29169959 0 66 theme ACI 92:94 arg1 grafts 96:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. 29169959 1 67 theme chondrocyte 168:178 arg1 ACI 194:196 ACI 194:196 ACI 194:196 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 1 67 theme chondrocyte 168:178 arg1 implantation 180:191 Autologous chondrocyte implantation 157:191 Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques 157:208 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 0 68 from potential 13:21 arg1 grafts 96:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. 29169959 8 69 theme chondrogenic 1268:1279 arg1 phenotype 1281:1289 the chondrogenic phenotype 1264:1289 the chondrogenic phenotype 1264:1289 RESULTS (a) IL-10 stabilized the chondrogenic phenotype after injurious compression and preserved matrix integrity. 29169959 6 70 dep analyzed 995:1002 arg1 blebbing 1013:1020 nuclear blebbing 1005:1020 nuclear blebbing 1005:1020 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 6 70 dep analyzed 995:1002 arg1 assay 1032:1036 TUNEL assay 1026:1036 TUNEL assay 1026:1036 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 3 71 theme bovine 765:770 arg1 IL-10 772:776 bovine IL-10 765:776 bovine IL-10 (1-10,000 pg/ng/ml) 765:796 MATERIALS AND METHODS For (a) bovine articular cartilage was harvested, subjected to an axial unconfined injury and treated with bovine IL-10 (1-10,000 pg/ng/ml). 29169959 3 71 theme bovine 765:770 arg1 1-10,000 pg/ng/ml 779:795 1-10,000 pg/ng/ml 779:795 1-10,000 pg/ng/ml 779:795 MATERIALS AND METHODS For (a) bovine articular cartilage was harvested, subjected to an axial unconfined injury and treated with bovine IL-10 (1-10,000 pg/ng/ml). 29169959 12 72 theme post-injurious 1867:1880 arg1 environment 1882:1892 the post-injurious environment 1863:1892 the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects 1863:1913 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 6 73 theme TUNEL 1026:1030 arg1 assay 1032:1036 TUNEL assay 1026:1036 TUNEL assay 1026:1036 After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). 29169959 2 74 theme matrix 477:482 arg1 preservation 484:495 matrix preservation 477:495 matrix preservation 477:495 In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. 29169959 8 75 theme preserved 1323:1331 arg1 integrity 1340:1348 preserved matrix integrity 1323:1348 preserved matrix integrity 1323:1348 RESULTS (a) IL-10 stabilized the chondrogenic phenotype after injurious compression and preserved matrix integrity. 29169959 0 76 theme IL-10 26:30 arg1 potential 13:21 Chondrogenic potential 0:21 Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. 0:102 Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. 29169959 12 77 theme versatile 1823:1831 arg1 Interleukin-10 1803:1816 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 1792:1816 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 1792:1816 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 12 77 theme versatile 1823:1831 arg1 candidate 1842:1850 a versatile adjuvant candidate 1821:1850 a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts 1821:1954 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 3 78 theme bovine 666:671 arg1 cartilage 683:691 (a) bovine articular cartilage 662:691 (a) bovine articular cartilage 662:691 MATERIALS AND METHODS For (a) bovine articular cartilage was harvested, subjected to an axial unconfined injury and treated with bovine IL-10 (1-10,000 pg/ng/ml). 29169959 2 79 theme chondrogenic 436:447 arg1 stabilization 459:471 chondrogenic phenotype stabilization 436:471 chondrogenic phenotype stabilization 436:471 In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. 29169959 2 80 dep promote 552:558 arg1 b 539:539 b 539:539 b 539:539 In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. 29169959 2 81 theme injured 513:519 arg1 cartilage 521:529 mechanically injured cartilage 500:529 mechanically injured cartilage 500:529 In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. 29169959 0 82 theme cartilage 56:64 arg1 grafts 96:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts 35:101 Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. 29169959 1 83 theme cartilage 345:353 arg1 destruction 355:365 post-traumatic cartilage destruction 330:365 post-traumatic cartilage destruction 330:365 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 29169959 12 84 theme CONCLUSION 1792:1801 arg1 Interleukin-10 1803:1816 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 1792:1816 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 1792:1816 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 12 84 theme CONCLUSION 1792:1801 arg1 candidate 1842:1850 a versatile adjuvant candidate 1821:1850 a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts 1821:1954 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 11 85 theme chondrogenic 1655:1666 arg1 differentiation 1668:1682 the chondrogenic differentiation 1651:1682 the chondrogenic differentiation 1651:1682 (b) IL-10 [100 pg/ml] improved the chondrogenic differentiation of human chondrocytes, which was accompanied by cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation. 29169959 4 86 theme ACI 836:838 arg1 graft 840:844 a post-operatively remaining ACI graft 807:844 a post-operatively remaining ACI graft 807:844 For (b) a post-operatively remaining ACI graft was treated with human IL-10. 29169959 12 87 from chondrogenesis 1927:1940 arg1 grafts 1949:1954 ACI grafts 1945:1954 ACI grafts 1945:1954 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 12 88 theme cartilage 1897:1905 arg1 defects 1907:1913 cartilage defects 1897:1913 cartilage defects 1897:1913 CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts. 29169959 1 89 theme chondrocyte 261:271 arg1 phenotype 273:281 the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype 240:281 the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype 240:281 OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. 26914701 4 0 theme CS 1032:1033 arg1 precursors 1035:1044 PEG and CS precursors 1024:1044 PEG and CS precursors 1024:1044 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 4 1 dep ratio 996:1000 arg1 the 992:994 the 992:994 the 992:994 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 1 2 theme delivery 387:394 arg1 tailoring 360:368 the application-specific tailoring 335:368 the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses 335:417 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 1 3 theme hydrogel 234:241 arg1 system 243:248 an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system 140:248 an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system 140:248 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 2 4 theme starting 596:603 arg1 material 605:612 a starting material 594:612 a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform 594:670 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 2 4 theme starting 596:603 arg1 CS 420:421 CS 420:421 CS 420:421 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 2 5 theme stem 551:554 arg1 functions 572:580 stem cell regulatory functions 551:580 stem cell regulatory functions 551:580 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 2 6 used used 586:589 arg2 CS 420:421 CS 420:421 CS 420:421 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 2 6 used used 586:589 arg2 glycosaminoglycan 458:474 a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan 424:474 a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 424:508 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 2 6 used used 586:589 arg2 material 605:612 a starting material 594:612 a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform 594:670 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 6 7 theme hybrid 1535:1540 arg1 hydrogels 1542:1550 CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels 1528:1550 CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels 1528:1550 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 2 8 theme factor 532:537 arg1 binding 539:545 its growth factor binding 521:545 its growth factor binding 521:545 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 3 9 theme factor 723:728 arg1 XIII 730:733 transglutaminase factor XIII 706:733 transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 706:762 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 1 10 theme ethylene 198:205 arg1 poly 193:196 poly 193:196 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 193:219 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 1 10 theme ethylene 198:205 arg1 glycol 207:212 ethylene glycol 198:212 ethylene glycol 198:212 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 7 11 theme elements 1665:1672 arg1 incorporation 1627:1639 facile incorporation 1620:1639 facile incorporation of additional signaling elements 1620:1672 Their modular design allows facile incorporation of additional signaling elements, rendering CS-PEG hydrogels a highly flexible platform with potential for multiple biomedical applications. 26914701 1 12 dep based 221:225 arg1 glycol 207:212 ethylene glycol 198:212 ethylene glycol 198:212 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 1 12 dep based 221:225 arg1 CS 185:186 CS 185:186 CS 185:186 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 1 12 dep based 221:225 arg1 poly 193:196 poly 193:196 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 193:219 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 1 12 dep based 221:225 arg1 sulfate 176:182 enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate 143:182 enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) 143:187 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 1 12 dep based 221:225 arg1 PEG 216:218 PEG 216:218 PEG 216:218 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 1 13 theme factor 380:385 arg1 delivery 387:394 growth factor delivery 373:394 growth factor delivery 373:394 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 7 14 theme additional 1644:1653 arg1 elements 1665:1672 additional signaling elements 1644:1672 additional signaling elements 1644:1672 Their modular design allows facile incorporation of additional signaling elements, rendering CS-PEG hydrogels a highly flexible platform with potential for multiple biomedical applications. 26914701 4 15 theme network 900:906 arg1 properties 908:917 the hydrogel network properties 887:917 the hydrogel network properties 887:917 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 7 16 with platform 1720:1727 arg1 potential 1734:1742 potential 1734:1742 potential 1734:1742 Their modular design allows facile incorporation of additional signaling elements, rendering CS-PEG hydrogels a highly flexible platform with potential for multiple biomedical applications. 26914701 2 17 theme platform 663:670 arg1 engineering 622:632 the engineering 618:632 the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform 618:670 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 5 18 theme bone 1296:1299 arg1 marrow 1301:1306 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) 1290:1339 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) 1290:1339 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 1 19 theme responses 409:417 arg1 tailoring 360:368 the application-specific tailoring 335:368 the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses 335:417 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 3 20 theme TG-PEG 846:851 arg1 precursors 862:871 previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 810:871 previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 810:871 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 4 21 theme CS 978:979 arg1 functionalization 957:973 functionalization 957:973 functionalization of CS 957:979 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 3 22 used utilized 767:774 arg2 functionalization 677:693 The functionalization 673:693 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 673:762 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 5 23 theme mesenchymal 1308:1318 arg1 BM-MSCs 1332:1338 BM-MSCs 1332:1338 BM-MSCs 1332:1338 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 23 theme mesenchymal 1308:1318 arg1 cells 1325:1329 mesenchymal stem cells 1308:1329 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) 1290:1339 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 0 24 theme growth 74:79 arg1 delivery 88:95 tunable growth factor delivery 66:95 tunable growth factor delivery 66:95 Enzyme responsive GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation. 26914701 5 25 theme building 1117:1124 arg1 blocks 1126:1131 compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks 1084:1131 compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks 1084:1131 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 25 theme building 1117:1124 arg1 domains 1195:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 25 theme building 1117:1124 arg1 peptides 1148:1155 RGD peptides 1144:1155 RGD peptides 1144:1155 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 6 26 theme bone 1579:1582 arg1 tissue 1584:1589 bone tissue 1579:1589 bone tissue 1579:1589 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 1 27 theme chondroitin 164:174 arg1 CS 185:186 CS 185:186 CS 185:186 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 1 27 theme chondroitin 164:174 arg1 sulfate 176:182 enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate 143:182 enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) 143:187 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 7 28 theme biomedical 1757:1766 arg1 applications 1768:1779 multiple biomedical applications 1748:1779 multiple biomedical applications 1748:1779 Their modular design allows facile incorporation of additional signaling elements, rendering CS-PEG hydrogels a highly flexible platform with potential for multiple biomedical applications. 26914701 7 29 theme modular 1598:1604 arg1 design 1606:1611 Their modular design 1592:1611 Their modular design 1592:1611 Their modular design allows facile incorporation of additional signaling elements, rendering CS-PEG hydrogels a highly flexible platform with potential for multiple biomedical applications. 26914701 2 30 theme extracellular 483:495 arg1 matrix 497:502 the extracellular matrix 479:502 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 479:508 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 2 30 theme extracellular 483:495 arg1 ECM 505:507 ECM 505:507 ECM 505:507 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 3 31 theme described 821:829 arg1 precursors 862:871 previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 810:871 previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 810:871 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 1 32 theme blocks 320:325 arg1 composition 288:298 composition 288:298 composition 288:298 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 1 32 theme blocks 320:325 arg1 architecture 271:282 architecture 271:282 architecture 271:282 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 0 33 theme stem 101:104 arg1 differentiation 111:125 stem cell differentiation 101:125 stem cell differentiation 101:125 Enzyme responsive GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation. 26914701 4 34 theme functionalization 957:973 arg1 ratio 996:1000 ratio 996:1000 ratio 996:1000 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 4 34 theme functionalization 957:973 arg1 degree 947:952 the degree 943:952 the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors 943:1044 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 4 34 theme functionalization 957:973 arg1 concentrations 1006:1019 concentrations 1006:1019 concentrations 1006:1019 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 1 35 theme application-specific 339:358 arg1 tailoring 360:368 the application-specific tailoring 335:368 the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses 335:417 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 7 36 theme flexible 1711:1718 arg1 platform 1720:1727 a highly flexible platform 1702:1727 a highly flexible platform with potential for multiple biomedical applications 1702:1779 Their modular design allows facile incorporation of additional signaling elements, rendering CS-PEG hydrogels a highly flexible platform with potential for multiple biomedical applications. 26914701 2 37 theme biomimetic 642:651 arg1 platform 663:670 this biomimetic materials platform 637:670 this biomimetic materials platform 637:670 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 5 38 theme metalloproteinase 1167:1183 arg1 domains 1195:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 0 39 theme GAG-based 18:26 arg1 hydrogel 53:60 GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel 18:60 GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation 18:125 Enzyme responsive GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation. 26914701 6 40 from binding 1346:1352 arg1 manner 1426:1431 a CS concentration dependent manner 1397:1431 a CS concentration dependent manner 1397:1431 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 0 41 theme hybrid 46:51 arg1 hydrogel 53:60 GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel 18:60 GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation 18:125 Enzyme responsive GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation. 26914701 5 42 theme RGD 1144:1146 arg1 peptides 1148:1155 RGD peptides 1144:1155 RGD peptides 1144:1155 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 2 43 theme sulfate-rich 445:456 arg1 CS 420:421 CS 420:421 CS 420:421 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 2 43 theme sulfate-rich 445:456 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 458:474 a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan 424:474 a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 424:508 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 1 44 theme modular 303:309 arg1 blocks 320:325 modular building blocks 303:325 modular building blocks 303:325 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 6 45 from release 1447:1453 arg1 manner 1426:1431 a CS concentration dependent manner 1397:1431 a CS concentration dependent manner 1397:1431 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 4 46 theme precursors 1035:1044 arg1 ratio 996:1000 ratio 996:1000 ratio 996:1000 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 4 46 theme precursors 1035:1044 arg1 degree 947:952 the degree 943:952 the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors 943:1044 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 4 46 theme precursors 1035:1044 arg1 concentrations 1006:1019 concentrations 1006:1019 concentrations 1006:1019 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 6 47 theme osteogenic 1464:1473 arg1 differentiation 1475:1489 osteogenic differentiation 1464:1489 osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs 1464:1500 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 1 48 theme hybrid 227:232 arg1 system 243:248 an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system 140:248 an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system 140:248 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 5 49 dep marrow 1301:1306 arg1 BM-MSCs 1332:1338 BM-MSCs 1332:1338 BM-MSCs 1332:1338 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 49 dep marrow 1301:1306 arg1 cells 1325:1329 mesenchymal stem cells 1308:1329 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) 1290:1339 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 3 50 with functionalization 677:693 arg1 sequences 754:762 transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 706:762 transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 706:762 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 2 51 theme regulatory 561:570 arg1 functions 572:580 stem cell regulatory functions 551:580 stem cell regulatory functions 551:580 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 3 52 theme transglutaminase 706:721 arg1 XIII 730:733 transglutaminase factor XIII 706:733 transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 706:762 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 3 53 theme CS 698:699 arg1 functionalization 677:693 The functionalization 673:693 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 673:762 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 3 54 theme specific 735:742 arg1 sequences 754:762 transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 706:762 transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 706:762 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 6 55 theme hydrogels 1542:1550 arg1 potential 1515:1523 the potential 1511:1523 the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue 1511:1589 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 3 56 theme substrate 744:752 arg1 sequences 754:762 transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 706:762 transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 706:762 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 6 57 theme CS-PEG 1528:1533 arg1 hydrogels 1542:1550 CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels 1528:1550 CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels 1528:1550 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 7 58 theme signaling 1655:1663 arg1 elements 1665:1672 additional signaling elements 1644:1672 additional signaling elements 1644:1672 Their modular design allows facile incorporation of additional signaling elements, rendering CS-PEG hydrogels a highly flexible platform with potential for multiple biomedical applications. 26914701 2 59 theme growth 525:530 arg1 binding 539:545 its growth factor binding 521:545 its growth factor binding 521:545 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 3 60 theme XIII 730:733 arg1 sequences 754:762 transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 706:762 transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences 706:762 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 1 61 theme growth 373:378 arg1 delivery 387:394 growth factor delivery 373:394 growth factor delivery 373:394 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 6 62 theme protein-2 1376:1384 arg1 release 1447:1453 the BMP-2 release 1437:1453 the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs 1437:1500 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 6 62 theme protein-2 1376:1384 arg1 binding 1346:1352 The binding 1342:1352 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner 1342:1431 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 5 63 theme hydrogel 1074:1081 arg1 advantage 1054:1062 advantage 1054:1062 advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel 1054:1081 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 7 64 theme facile 1620:1625 arg1 incorporation 1627:1639 facile incorporation 1620:1639 facile incorporation of additional signaling elements 1620:1672 Their modular design allows facile incorporation of additional signaling elements, rendering CS-PEG hydrogels a highly flexible platform with potential for multiple biomedical applications. 26914701 4 65 theme hydrogel 891:898 arg1 properties 908:917 the hydrogel network properties 887:917 the hydrogel network properties 887:917 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 5 66 theme human 1290:1294 arg1 marrow 1301:1306 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) 1290:1339 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) 1290:1339 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 1 67 theme cellular 400:407 arg1 responses 409:417 cellular responses 400:417 cellular responses 400:417 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 2 68 theme cell 556:559 arg1 functions 572:580 stem cell regulatory functions 551:580 stem cell regulatory functions 551:580 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 5 69 theme marrow 1301:1306 arg1 expansion 1277:1285 the three-dimensional culture and expansion 1243:1285 expansion 1277:1285 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 69 theme marrow 1301:1306 arg1 culture 1265:1271 the three-dimensional culture and expansion 1243:1285 culture 1265:1271 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 3 70 theme CS 802:803 arg1 cross-linking 785:797 cross-linking 785:797 cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 785:871 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 0 71 theme factor 81:86 arg1 delivery 88:95 tunable growth factor delivery 66:95 tunable growth factor delivery 66:95 Enzyme responsive GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation. 26914701 6 72 theme tissue 1584:1589 arg1 regeneration 1563:1574 regeneration 1563:1574 regeneration of bone tissue 1563:1589 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 1 73 theme formed 157:162 arg1 CS 185:186 CS 185:186 CS 185:186 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 1 73 theme formed 157:162 arg1 sulfate 176:182 enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate 143:182 enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) 143:187 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 3 74 theme hydrogel 853:860 arg1 precursors 862:871 previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 810:871 previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 810:871 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 2 75 theme matrix 497:502 arg1 CS 420:421 CS 420:421 CS 420:421 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 2 75 theme matrix 497:502 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 458:474 a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan 424:474 a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 424:508 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 6 76 theme morphogenetic 1362:1374 arg1 BMP-2 1387:1391 BMP-2 1387:1391 BMP-2 1387:1391 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 6 76 theme morphogenetic 1362:1374 arg1 protein-2 1376:1384 bone morphogenetic protein-2 1357:1384 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 1357:1392 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 1 77 theme building 311:318 arg1 blocks 320:325 modular building blocks 303:325 modular building blocks 303:325 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 3 78 theme fibrin-mimetic 831:844 arg1 precursors 862:871 previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 810:871 previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 810:871 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 0 79 theme cell 106:109 arg1 differentiation 111:125 stem cell differentiation 101:125 stem cell differentiation 101:125 Enzyme responsive GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation. 26914701 7 80 theme multiple 1748:1755 arg1 applications 1768:1779 multiple biomedical applications 1748:1779 multiple biomedical applications 1748:1779 Their modular design allows facile incorporation of additional signaling elements, rendering CS-PEG hydrogels a highly flexible platform with potential for multiple biomedical applications. 26914701 6 81 theme bone 1357:1360 arg1 BMP-2 1387:1391 BMP-2 1387:1391 BMP-2 1387:1391 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 6 81 theme bone 1357:1360 arg1 protein-2 1376:1384 bone morphogenetic protein-2 1357:1384 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 1357:1392 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 5 82 theme compatible 1084:1093 arg1 blocks 1126:1131 compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks 1084:1131 compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks 1084:1131 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 82 theme compatible 1084:1093 arg1 domains 1195:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 82 theme compatible 1084:1093 arg1 peptides 1148:1155 RGD peptides 1144:1155 RGD peptides 1144:1155 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 1 83 dep architecture 271:282 arg1 the 267:269 the 267:269 the 267:269 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 2 84 theme materials 653:661 arg1 platform 663:670 this biomimetic materials platform 637:670 this biomimetic materials platform 637:670 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 3 85 with cross-linking 785:797 arg1 precursors 862:871 previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 810:871 previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors 810:871 The functionalization of CS with transglutaminase factor XIII specific substrate sequences is utilized to allow cross-linking of CS with previously described fibrin-mimetic TG-PEG hydrogel precursors. 26914701 6 86 theme BMP-2 1441:1445 arg1 release 1447:1453 the BMP-2 release 1437:1453 the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs 1437:1500 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 5 87 theme bio-functional 1102:1115 arg1 blocks 1126:1131 compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks 1084:1131 compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks 1084:1131 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 87 theme bio-functional 1102:1115 arg1 domains 1195:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 87 theme bio-functional 1102:1115 arg1 peptides 1148:1155 RGD peptides 1144:1155 RGD peptides 1144:1155 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 88 theme stem 1320:1323 arg1 BM-MSCs 1332:1338 BM-MSCs 1332:1338 BM-MSCs 1332:1338 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 88 theme stem 1320:1323 arg1 cells 1325:1329 mesenchymal stem cells 1308:1329 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) 1290:1339 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 0 89 theme natural-synthetic 28:44 arg1 hydrogel 53:60 GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel 18:60 GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation 18:125 Enzyme responsive GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation. 26914701 5 90 theme sensitive 1185:1193 arg1 domains 1195:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 4 91 theme PEG 1024:1026 arg1 precursors 1035:1044 PEG and CS precursors 1024:1044 PEG and CS precursors 1024:1044 We show that the hydrogel network properties can be tuned by varying the degree of functionalization of CS as well as the ratio and concentrations of PEG and CS precursors. 26914701 6 92 theme dependent 1416:1424 arg1 manner 1426:1431 a CS concentration dependent manner 1397:1431 a CS concentration dependent manner 1397:1431 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 0 93 theme tunable 66:72 arg1 delivery 88:95 tunable growth factor delivery 66:95 tunable growth factor delivery 66:95 Enzyme responsive GAG-based natural-synthetic hybrid hydrogel for tunable growth factor delivery and stem cell differentiation. 26914701 5 94 theme tagged 1095:1100 arg1 blocks 1126:1131 compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks 1084:1131 compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks 1084:1131 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 94 theme tagged 1095:1100 arg1 domains 1195:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 94 theme tagged 1095:1100 arg1 peptides 1148:1155 RGD peptides 1144:1155 RGD peptides 1144:1155 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 2 95 theme charged 437:443 arg1 CS 420:421 CS 420:421 CS 420:421 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 2 95 theme charged 437:443 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 458:474 a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan 424:474 a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 424:508 CS, a negatively charged sulfate-rich glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known for its growth factor binding and stem cell regulatory functions, is used as a starting material for the engineering of this biomimetic materials platform. 26914701 5 96 theme TG-PEG 1067:1072 arg1 hydrogel 1074:1081 TG-PEG hydrogel 1067:1081 TG-PEG hydrogel 1067:1081 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 5 97 theme matrix 1160:1165 arg1 metalloproteinase 1167:1183 matrix metalloproteinase 1160:1183 matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains 1160:1201 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 26914701 6 98 theme BM-MSCs 1494:1500 arg1 differentiation 1475:1489 osteogenic differentiation 1464:1489 osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs 1464:1500 The binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a CS concentration dependent manner and the BMP-2 release mediated osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs indicate the potential of CS-PEG hybrid hydrogels to promote regeneration of bone tissue. 26914701 1 99 theme based 221:225 arg1 system 243:248 an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system 140:248 an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system 140:248 We describe an enzymatically formed chondroitin sulfate (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hybrid hydrogel system, which by tuning the architecture and composition of modular building blocks, allows the application-specific tailoring of growth factor delivery and cellular responses. 26914701 5 100 theme three-dimensional 1247:1263 arg1 culture 1265:1271 the three-dimensional culture and expansion 1243:1285 culture 1265:1271 Taking advantage of TG-PEG hydrogel, compatible tagged bio-functional building blocks, including RGD peptides or matrix metalloproteinase sensitive domains, can be incorporated on demand allowing the three-dimensional culture and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). 25561500 11 0 from binding 1898:1904 arg1 enriched 1847:1854 enriched 1847:1854 enriched 1847:1854 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 13 1 from response 2320:2327 arg1 muscle 2366:2371 cardiac muscle 2358:2371 cardiac muscle 2358:2371 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 1 2 theme certain 294:300 arg1 proteins 302:309 certain proteins 294:309 certain proteins 294:309 The lipid raft concept proposes that membrane environments enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids cluster certain proteins and form platforms to integrate cell signaling. 25561500 3 3 theme Proteomic 564:572 arg1 analysis 574:581 Proteomic analysis 564:581 Proteomic analysis of cardiac caveolae 564:601 Proteomic analysis of cardiac caveolae is hampered by the presence of contaminants that have sometimes, erroneously, been proposed to be resident in these domains. 25561500 11 4 from signaling 1868:1876 arg1 enriched 1847:1854 enriched 1847:1854 enriched 1847:1854 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 13 5 from abundance 2186:2194 arg1 BCEMs 2199:2203 BCEMs 2199:2203 BCEMs 2199:2203 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 1 6 theme raft 195:198 arg1 concept 200:206 The lipid raft concept 185:206 The lipid raft concept 185:206 The lipid raft concept proposes that membrane environments enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids cluster certain proteins and form platforms to integrate cell signaling. 25561500 11 7 theme guanine 1879:1885 arg1 binding 1898:1904 guanine nucleotide binding 1879:1904 guanine nucleotide binding 1879:1904 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 3 8 theme contaminants 634:645 arg1 presence 622:629 the presence 618:629 the presence of contaminants that have sometimes, erroneously, been proposed to be resident in these domains 618:725 Proteomic analysis of cardiac caveolae is hampered by the presence of contaminants that have sometimes, erroneously, been proposed to be resident in these domains. 25561500 12 9 theme only 2057:2060 arg1 mechanism 2062:2070 the only mechanism 2053:2070 the only mechanism that targets proteins to caveolae 2053:2104 Proteins possessing a caveolin binding motif were poorly enriched in BCEMs, suggesting this is not the only mechanism that targets proteins to caveolae. 25561500 12 9 theme only 2057:2060 arg1 this 2041:2044 this 2041:2044 this 2041:2044 Proteins possessing a caveolin binding motif were poorly enriched in BCEMs, suggesting this is not the only mechanism that targets proteins to caveolae. 25561500 6 10 theme caveolin-enriched 1039:1055 arg1 BCEMs 1071:1075 BCEMs 1071:1075 BCEMs 1071:1075 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) were prepared from MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient. 25561500 6 10 theme caveolin-enriched 1039:1055 arg1 microdomains 1057:1068 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains 1031:1068 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) 1031:1076 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) were prepared from MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient. 25561500 9 11 theme α- 1506:1507 arg1 activation 1492:1501 Selective activation 1482:1501 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs 1482:1553 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs was achieved by application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes. 25561500 13 12 theme altered 2178:2184 arg1 abundance 2186:2194 altered abundance 2178:2194 altered abundance in BCEMs 2178:2203 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 9 13 theme β2-AR 1519:1523 arg1 activation 1492:1501 Selective activation 1482:1501 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs 1482:1553 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs was achieved by application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes. 25561500 11 14 theme ion 1907:1909 arg1 transport 1911:1919 ion transport 1907:1919 ion transport 1907:1919 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 9 15 theme Selective 1482:1490 arg1 activation 1492:1501 Selective activation 1482:1501 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs 1482:1553 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs was achieved by application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes. 25561500 2 16 from contractility 549:561 arg1 regulation 477:486 adrenergic regulation 466:486 adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling 466:521 In cardiac muscle, caveolae concentrate signaling molecules and ion transporters, and play a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, and consequently cardiac contractility. 25561500 0 17 theme adrenoceptor 160:171 arg1 activation 173:182 adrenoceptor activation 160:182 adrenoceptor activation 160:182 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 8 18 theme BCEM 1442:1445 arg1 fraction 1447:1454 the BCEM fraction 1438:1454 the BCEM fraction 1438:1454 Proteins were defined as BCEM resident if they were consistently depleted from the BCEM fraction following MβCD treatment. 25561500 11 19 theme cardiac 1829:1835 arg1 BCEMs 1837:1841 cardiac BCEMs 1829:1841 cardiac BCEMs 1829:1841 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 13 20 theme cardiac 2358:2364 arg1 muscle 2366:2371 cardiac muscle 2358:2371 cardiac muscle 2358:2371 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 9 21 from min 1618:1620 arg1 populations 1625:1635 populations 1625:1635 populations of field-stimulated myocytes 1625:1664 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs was achieved by application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes. 25561500 6 22 theme MβCD-treated 1097:1108 arg1 lysates 1127:1133 MβCD-treated and control cell lysates 1097:1133 MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient 1097:1181 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) were prepared from MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient. 25561500 11 23 dep signaling 1868:1876 arg1 clusters 1944:1951 clusters 1944:1951 clusters 1944:1951 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 13 24 theme fidelity 2311:2318 arg1 response 2320:2327 a rapid and high fidelity response 2294:2327 a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle 2294:2371 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 2 25 theme cardiac 541:547 arg1 contractility 549:561 cardiac contractility 541:561 cardiac contractility 541:561 In cardiac muscle, caveolae concentrate signaling molecules and ion transporters, and play a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, and consequently cardiac contractility. 25561500 13 26 from BCEMs 2278:2282 arg1 preformed 2265:2273 preformed 2265:2273 preformed 2265:2273 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 4 27 theme first 748:752 arg1 analysis 763:770 the first unbiased analysis 744:770 the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae 744:806 Here we present the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae, and investigate dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation. 25561500 0 28 theme quantitative 77:88 arg1 approach 100:107 a quantitative proteomic approach 75:107 a quantitative proteomic approach 75:107 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 13 29 theme family 2147:2152 arg1 exception 2124:2132 the notable exception 2112:2132 the notable exception of the cavin family 2112:2152 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 0 30 from Identification 0:13 arg1 myocytes 60:67 ventricular myocytes 48:67 ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach 48:107 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 13 31 from preformed 2265:2273 arg1 BCEMs 2278:2282 BCEMs 2278:2282 BCEMs 2278:2282 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 7 32 theme iTRAQ 1278:1282 arg1 reagents 1284:1291 iTRAQ reagents 1278:1291 iTRAQ reagents 1278:1291 BCEMs were harvested, pelleted, and resolubilized, then alkylated, digested, and labeled with iTRAQ reagents, and proteins identified by LC-MS/MS on a LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro. 25561500 9 33 theme pairs 1605:1609 arg1 application 1571:1581 application 1571:1581 application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes 1571:1664 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs was achieved by application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes. 25561500 4 34 theme dynamic 825:831 arg1 changes 833:839 dynamic changes 825:839 dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation 825:911 Here we present the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae, and investigate dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation. 25561500 0 35 theme dynamic 110:116 arg1 changes 118:124 dynamic changes 110:124 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 0:183 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 6 36 theme discontinuous 1152:1164 arg1 gradient 1174:1181 a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient 1141:1181 a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient 1141:1181 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) were prepared from MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient. 25561500 0 37 from proteins 36:43 arg1 myocytes 60:67 ventricular myocytes 48:67 ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach 48:107 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 12 38 theme binding 1985:1991 arg1 motif 1993:1997 a caveolin binding motif 1974:1997 a caveolin binding motif 1974:1997 Proteins possessing a caveolin binding motif were poorly enriched in BCEMs, suggesting this is not the only mechanism that targets proteins to caveolae. 25561500 2 39 theme adrenergic 466:475 arg1 regulation 477:486 adrenergic regulation 466:486 adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling 466:521 In cardiac muscle, caveolae concentrate signaling molecules and ion transporters, and play a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, and consequently cardiac contractility. 25561500 11 40 from signaling 1934:1942 arg1 enriched 1847:1854 enriched 1847:1854 enriched 1847:1854 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 4 41 theme caveolae 799:806 arg1 proteome 779:786 the proteome 775:786 the proteome of cardiac caveolae 775:806 Here we present the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae, and investigate dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation. 25561500 9 42 theme field-stimulated 1640:1655 arg1 myocytes 1657:1664 field-stimulated myocytes 1640:1664 field-stimulated myocytes 1640:1664 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs was achieved by application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes. 25561500 0 43 theme caveolar 18:25 arg1 proteins 36:43 caveolar resident proteins 18:43 caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach 18:107 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 13 44 theme rapid 2296:2300 arg1 response 2320:2327 a rapid and high fidelity response 2294:2327 a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle 2294:2371 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 1 45 theme lipid 189:193 arg1 concept 200:206 The lipid raft concept 185:206 The lipid raft concept 185:206 The lipid raft concept proposes that membrane environments enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids cluster certain proteins and form platforms to integrate cell signaling. 25561500 1 46 theme cell 343:346 arg1 signaling 348:356 cell signaling 343:356 cell signaling 343:356 The lipid raft concept proposes that membrane environments enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids cluster certain proteins and form platforms to integrate cell signaling. 25561500 0 47 theme proteins 36:43 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 0:183 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 9 48 theme myocytes 1657:1664 arg1 populations 1625:1635 populations 1625:1635 populations of field-stimulated myocytes 1625:1664 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs was achieved by application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes. 25561500 6 49 theme control 1114:1120 arg1 lysates 1127:1133 MβCD-treated and control cell lysates 1097:1133 MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient 1097:1181 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) were prepared from MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient. 25561500 2 50 theme coupling 514:521 arg1 regulation 477:486 adrenergic regulation 466:486 adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling 466:521 In cardiac muscle, caveolae concentrate signaling molecules and ion transporters, and play a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, and consequently cardiac contractility. 25561500 10 51 theme BCEM 1770:1773 arg1 249 1734:1736 249 1734:1736 249 1734:1736 We typically identified 600-850 proteins per experiment, of which, 249 were defined as high-confidence BCEM residents. 25561500 10 51 theme BCEM 1770:1773 arg1 residents 1775:1783 high-confidence BCEM residents 1754:1783 high-confidence BCEM residents 1754:1783 We typically identified 600-850 proteins per experiment, of which, 249 were defined as high-confidence BCEM residents. 25561500 10 51 theme BCEM 1770:1773 arg1 proteins 1699:1706 600-850 proteins 1691:1706 600-850 proteins 1691:1706 We typically identified 600-850 proteins per experiment, of which, 249 were defined as high-confidence BCEM residents. 25561500 0 52 theme ventricular 48:58 arg1 myocytes 60:67 ventricular myocytes 48:67 ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach 48:107 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 7 53 theme Velos 1348:1352 arg1 Pro 1354:1356 a LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro 1333:1356 a LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro 1333:1356 BCEMs were harvested, pelleted, and resolubilized, then alkylated, digested, and labeled with iTRAQ reagents, and proteins identified by LC-MS/MS on a LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro. 25561500 12 54 contain possessing 1963:1972 arg2 motif 1993:1997 a caveolin binding motif 1974:1997 a caveolin binding motif 1974:1997 Proteins possessing a caveolin binding motif were poorly enriched in BCEMs, suggesting this is not the only mechanism that targets proteins to caveolae. 25561500 12 54 contain possessing 1963:1972 arg1 Proteins 1954:1961 Proteins 1954:1961 Proteins possessing a caveolin binding motif 1954:1997 Proteins possessing a caveolin binding motif were poorly enriched in BCEMs, suggesting this is not the only mechanism that targets proteins to caveolae. 25561500 11 55 theme annotation 1797:1806 arg1 clustering 1808:1817 Functional annotation clustering 1786:1817 Functional annotation clustering 1786:1817 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 7 56 theme LTQ 1335:1337 arg1 Pro 1354:1356 a LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro 1333:1356 a LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro 1333:1356 BCEMs were harvested, pelleted, and resolubilized, then alkylated, digested, and labeled with iTRAQ reagents, and proteins identified by LC-MS/MS on a LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro. 25561500 4 57 theme protein 850:856 arg1 constituents 858:869 their protein constituents 844:869 their protein constituents 844:869 Here we present the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae, and investigate dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation. 25561500 5 58 theme ventricular 918:928 arg1 myocytes 930:937 Rat ventricular myocytes 914:937 Rat ventricular myocytes 914:937 Rat ventricular myocytes were treated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) to deplete cholesterol and disrupt caveolae. 25561500 0 59 dep Identification 0:13 arg1 changes 118:124 dynamic changes 110:124 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 0:183 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 2 60 from role 458:461 arg1 regulation 477:486 adrenergic regulation 466:486 adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling 466:521 In cardiac muscle, caveolae concentrate signaling molecules and ion transporters, and play a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, and consequently cardiac contractility. 25561500 2 61 theme signaling 399:407 arg1 molecules 409:417 signaling molecules 399:417 signaling molecules 399:417 In cardiac muscle, caveolae concentrate signaling molecules and ion transporters, and play a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, and consequently cardiac contractility. 25561500 11 62 from transport 1911:1919 arg1 enriched 1847:1854 enriched 1847:1854 enriched 1847:1854 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 3 63 from resident 701:708 arg1 domains 719:725 these domains 713:725 these domains 713:725 Proteomic analysis of cardiac caveolae is hampered by the presence of contaminants that have sometimes, erroneously, been proposed to be resident in these domains. 25561500 11 64 theme insulin 1926:1932 arg1 signaling 1934:1942 insulin signaling 1926:1942 insulin signaling 1926:1942 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 3 65 theme caveolae 594:601 arg1 analysis 574:581 Proteomic analysis 564:581 Proteomic analysis of cardiac caveolae 564:601 Proteomic analysis of cardiac caveolae is hampered by the presence of contaminants that have sometimes, erroneously, been proposed to be resident in these domains. 25561500 5 66 theme Rat 914:916 arg1 myocytes 930:937 Rat ventricular myocytes 914:937 Rat ventricular myocytes 914:937 Rat ventricular myocytes were treated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) to deplete cholesterol and disrupt caveolae. 25561500 4 67 theme AR 897:898 arg1 stimulation 901:911 adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation 881:911 adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation 881:911 Here we present the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae, and investigate dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation. 25561500 9 68 theme β1- 1510:1512 arg1 activation 1492:1501 Selective activation 1482:1501 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs 1482:1553 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs was achieved by application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes. 25561500 11 69 theme nucleotide 1887:1896 arg1 binding 1898:1904 guanine nucleotide binding 1879:1904 guanine nucleotide binding 1879:1904 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 0 70 theme caveolar 129:136 arg1 composition 138:148 caveolar composition 129:148 caveolar composition 129:148 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 4 71 theme adrenoreceptor 881:894 arg1 stimulation 901:911 adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation 881:911 adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation 881:911 Here we present the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae, and investigate dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation. 25561500 6 72 theme Buoyant 1031:1037 arg1 BCEMs 1071:1075 BCEMs 1071:1075 BCEMs 1071:1075 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) were prepared from MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient. 25561500 6 72 theme Buoyant 1031:1037 arg1 microdomains 1057:1068 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains 1031:1068 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) 1031:1076 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) were prepared from MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient. 25561500 11 73 from enriched 1847:1854 arg1 signaling 1868:1876 integrin signaling 1859:1876 integrin signaling 1859:1876 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 11 73 from enriched 1847:1854 arg1 signaling 1934:1942 insulin signaling 1926:1942 insulin signaling 1926:1942 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 11 73 from enriched 1847:1854 arg1 binding 1898:1904 guanine nucleotide binding 1879:1904 guanine nucleotide binding 1879:1904 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 11 73 from enriched 1847:1854 arg1 transport 1911:1919 ion transport 1907:1919 ion transport 1907:1919 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 13 74 theme adrenergic 2332:2341 arg1 stimulation 2343:2353 adrenergic stimulation 2332:2353 adrenergic stimulation 2332:2353 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 13 75 theme AR 2215:2216 arg1 activation 2218:2227 AR activation 2215:2227 AR activation 2215:2227 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 0 76 from changes 118:124 arg1 composition 138:148 caveolar composition 129:148 caveolar composition 129:148 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 4 77 theme unbiased 754:761 arg1 analysis 763:770 the first unbiased analysis 744:770 the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae 744:806 Here we present the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae, and investigate dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation. 25561500 13 78 theme few 2160:2162 arg1 proteins 2164:2171 very few proteins 2155:2171 very few proteins 2155:2171 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 9 79 theme BCEMs 1549:1553 arg1 preparation 1534:1544 preparation 1534:1544 preparation of BCEMs 1534:1553 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs was achieved by application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes. 25561500 13 80 theme high 2306:2309 arg1 response 2320:2327 a rapid and high fidelity response 2294:2327 a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle 2294:2371 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 0 81 theme proteomic 90:98 arg1 approach 100:107 a quantitative proteomic approach 75:107 a quantitative proteomic approach 75:107 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 13 82 theme cavin 2141:2145 arg1 family 2147:2152 the cavin family 2137:2152 the cavin family 2137:2152 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 4 83 from changes 833:839 arg1 constituents 858:869 their protein constituents 844:869 their protein constituents 844:869 Here we present the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae, and investigate dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation. 25561500 11 84 theme integrin 1859:1866 arg1 signaling 1868:1876 integrin signaling 1859:1876 integrin signaling 1859:1876 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 9 85 theme agonist/antagonist 1586:1603 arg1 pairs 1605:1609 agonist/antagonist pairs 1586:1609 agonist/antagonist pairs 1586:1609 Selective activation of α-, β1-, and β2-AR prior to preparation of BCEMs was achieved by application of agonist/antagonist pairs for 10 min in populations of field-stimulated myocytes. 25561500 0 86 from myocytes 60:67 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 0:183 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 13 87 theme notable 2116:2122 arg1 exception 2124:2132 the notable exception 2112:2132 the notable exception of the cavin family 2112:2152 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 12 88 theme caveolin 1976:1983 arg1 motif 1993:1997 a caveolin binding motif 1974:1997 a caveolin binding motif 1974:1997 Proteins possessing a caveolin binding motif were poorly enriched in BCEMs, suggesting this is not the only mechanism that targets proteins to caveolae. 25561500 1 89 theme membrane 222:229 arg1 environments 231:242 membrane environments 222:242 membrane environments enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids 222:284 The lipid raft concept proposes that membrane environments enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids cluster certain proteins and form platforms to integrate cell signaling. 25561500 6 90 theme sucrose 1166:1172 arg1 gradient 1174:1181 a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient 1141:1181 a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient 1141:1181 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) were prepared from MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient. 25561500 6 91 theme standard 1143:1150 arg1 gradient 1174:1181 a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient 1141:1181 a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient 1141:1181 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) were prepared from MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient. 25561500 4 92 theme proteome 779:786 arg1 analysis 763:770 the first unbiased analysis 744:770 the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae 744:806 Here we present the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae, and investigate dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation. 25561500 2 93 theme ion 423:425 arg1 transporters 427:438 ion transporters 423:438 ion transporters 423:438 In cardiac muscle, caveolae concentrate signaling molecules and ion transporters, and play a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, and consequently cardiac contractility. 25561500 0 94 theme resident 27:34 arg1 proteins 36:43 caveolar resident proteins 18:43 caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach 18:107 Identification of caveolar resident proteins in ventricular myocytes using a quantitative proteomic approach: dynamic changes in caveolar composition following adrenoceptor activation. 25561500 4 95 theme cardiac 791:797 arg1 caveolae 799:806 cardiac caveolae 791:806 cardiac caveolae 791:806 Here we present the first unbiased analysis of the proteome of cardiac caveolae, and investigate dynamic changes in their protein constituents following adrenoreceptor (AR) stimulation. 25561500 2 96 theme vital 452:456 arg1 role 458:461 a vital role 450:461 a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling 450:521 In cardiac muscle, caveolae concentrate signaling molecules and ion transporters, and play a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, and consequently cardiac contractility. 25561500 8 97 dep resident 1389:1396 arg1 depleted 1424:1431 depleted 1424:1431 were consistently depleted from the BCEM fraction following MβCD treatment 1406:1479 Proteins were defined as BCEM resident if they were consistently depleted from the BCEM fraction following MβCD treatment. 25561500 6 98 theme cell 1122:1125 arg1 lysates 1127:1133 MβCD-treated and control cell lysates 1097:1133 MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient 1097:1181 Buoyant caveolin-enriched microdomains (BCEMs) were prepared from MβCD-treated and control cell lysates using a standard discontinuous sucrose gradient. 25561500 7 99 theme Orbitrap 1339:1346 arg1 Pro 1354:1356 a LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro 1333:1356 a LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro 1333:1356 BCEMs were harvested, pelleted, and resolubilized, then alkylated, digested, and labeled with iTRAQ reagents, and proteins identified by LC-MS/MS on a LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro. 25561500 2 100 theme excitation-contraction 491:512 arg1 coupling 514:521 excitation-contraction coupling 491:521 excitation-contraction coupling 491:521 In cardiac muscle, caveolae concentrate signaling molecules and ion transporters, and play a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, and consequently cardiac contractility. 25561500 11 101 theme Functional 1786:1795 arg1 clustering 1808:1817 Functional annotation clustering 1786:1817 Functional annotation clustering 1786:1817 Functional annotation clustering indicates cardiac BCEMs are enriched in integrin signaling, guanine nucleotide binding, ion transport, and insulin signaling clusters. 25561500 8 102 theme MβCD 1466:1469 arg1 treatment 1471:1479 MβCD treatment 1466:1479 MβCD treatment 1466:1479 Proteins were defined as BCEM resident if they were consistently depleted from the BCEM fraction following MβCD treatment. 25561500 10 103 theme high-confidence 1754:1768 arg1 249 1734:1736 249 1734:1736 249 1734:1736 We typically identified 600-850 proteins per experiment, of which, 249 were defined as high-confidence BCEM residents. 25561500 10 103 theme high-confidence 1754:1768 arg1 residents 1775:1783 high-confidence BCEM residents 1754:1783 high-confidence BCEM residents 1754:1783 We typically identified 600-850 proteins per experiment, of which, 249 were defined as high-confidence BCEM residents. 25561500 10 103 theme high-confidence 1754:1768 arg1 proteins 1699:1706 600-850 proteins 1691:1706 600-850 proteins 1691:1706 We typically identified 600-850 proteins per experiment, of which, 249 were defined as high-confidence BCEM residents. 25561500 2 104 theme cardiac 362:368 arg1 muscle 370:375 cardiac muscle 362:375 cardiac muscle 362:375 In cardiac muscle, caveolae concentrate signaling molecules and ion transporters, and play a vital role in adrenergic regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, and consequently cardiac contractility. 25561500 13 105 theme signaling 2241:2249 arg1 complexes 2251:2259 signaling complexes 2241:2259 signaling complexes 2241:2259 With the notable exception of the cavin family, very few proteins show altered abundance in BCEMs following AR activation, suggesting signaling complexes are preformed in BCEMs to ensure a rapid and high fidelity response to adrenergic stimulation in cardiac muscle. 25561500 3 106 from domains 719:725 arg1 resident 701:708 resident 701:708 resident 701:708 Proteomic analysis of cardiac caveolae is hampered by the presence of contaminants that have sometimes, erroneously, been proposed to be resident in these domains. 25561500 3 107 theme cardiac 586:592 arg1 caveolae 594:601 cardiac caveolae 586:601 cardiac caveolae 586:601 Proteomic analysis of cardiac caveolae is hampered by the presence of contaminants that have sometimes, erroneously, been proposed to be resident in these domains. 25910635 5 0 theme colloidal 770:778 arg1 stability 780:788 the colloidal stability 766:788 the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution 766:815 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 4 1 theme well-dispersed 563:576 arg1 solution 596:603 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution 559:603 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution 559:603 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution formed a hydrogel after the addition of gelatin, followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (HA-TOBC-Gel). 25910635 9 2 from use 1407:1409 arg1 scaffolds 1438:1446 bone tissue engineering scaffolds 1414:1446 bone tissue engineering scaffolds 1414:1446 The HA-TOBC-Gel significantly improved cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation confirming the material as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. 25910635 9 3 theme cell 1333:1336 arg1 differentiation 1338:1352 cell differentiation 1333:1352 cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation 1303:1352 The HA-TOBC-Gel significantly improved cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation confirming the material as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. 25910635 1 4 theme hydroxyapatite 262:275 arg1 nanoparticles 282:294 hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles 262:294 hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution 262:314 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 0 5 theme hydroxyapatite 71:84 arg1 dispersion 57:66 the dispersion 53:66 the dispersion of hydroxyapatite 53:84 Effect of negatively charged cellulose nanofibers on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25910635 2 6 with reaction 383:390 arg1 system 418:423 the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system 397:423 the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system 397:423 The surfaces of TOBC nanofibers were negatively charged after the reaction with the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH 10 and room temperature. 25910635 7 7 theme scaffold 1058:1065 arg1 structure 1067:1075 a denser scaffold structure 1049:1075 a denser scaffold structure resulting in the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress 1049:1151 In addition, the well-dispersed HA produced a denser scaffold structure resulting in the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress. 25910635 4 8 theme HA-TOBC 578:584 arg1 solution 596:603 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution 559:603 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution 559:603 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution formed a hydrogel after the addition of gelatin, followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (HA-TOBC-Gel). 25910635 0 9 from Effect 0:5 arg1 dispersion 57:66 the dispersion 53:66 the dispersion of hydroxyapatite 53:84 Effect of negatively charged cellulose nanofibers on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25910635 6 10 theme tensile 899:905 arg1 stress 907:912 maximum tensile stress 891:912 maximum tensile stress 891:912 Both the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress increased as the amount of gelatin increased due to the increased crosslinking of gelatin. 25910635 7 11 theme tensile 1138:1144 arg1 stress 1146:1151 maximum tensile stress 1130:1151 maximum tensile stress 1130:1151 In addition, the well-dispersed HA produced a denser scaffold structure resulting in the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress. 25910635 3 12 theme DI 549:550 arg1 water 552:556 DI water 549:556 DI water 549:556 HA nanoparticles were simply adsorbed on the TOBC nanofibers (HA-TOBC) and dispersed well in DI water. 25910635 0 13 theme bone 117:120 arg1 engineering 129:139 bone tissue engineering 117:139 bone tissue engineering 117:139 Effect of negatively charged cellulose nanofibers on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25910635 6 14 theme maximum 891:897 arg1 stress 907:912 maximum tensile stress 891:912 maximum tensile stress 891:912 Both the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress increased as the amount of gelatin increased due to the increased crosslinking of gelatin. 25910635 8 15 theme porous 1173:1178 arg1 structures 1180:1189 The well-developed porous structures 1154:1189 The well-developed porous structures of the HA-TOBC-Gel composites 1154:1219 The well-developed porous structures of the HA-TOBC-Gel composites were incubated with Calvarial osteoblasts. 25910635 1 16 theme -oxidized 197:205 arg1 cellulose 217:225 bacterial cellulose 207:225 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) 142:232 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 1 16 theme -oxidized 197:205 arg1 dispersant 248:257 a dispersant 246:257 a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution 246:314 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 1 16 theme -oxidized 197:205 arg1 TOBC 228:231 TOBC 228:231 TOBC 228:231 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 5 17 theme surfaces 753:760 arg1 stability 780:788 the colloidal stability 766:788 the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution 766:815 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 5 17 theme surfaces 753:760 arg1 modification 727:738 The chemical modification 714:738 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces 714:760 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 1 18 from solution 307:314 arg1 dispersant 248:257 a dispersant 246:257 a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution 246:314 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 1 18 from solution 307:314 arg1 cellulose 217:225 bacterial cellulose 207:225 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) 142:232 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 9 19 theme tissue 1419:1424 arg1 scaffolds 1438:1446 bone tissue engineering scaffolds 1414:1446 bone tissue engineering scaffolds 1414:1446 The HA-TOBC-Gel significantly improved cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation confirming the material as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. 25910635 1 20 theme bacterial 207:215 arg1 cellulose 217:225 bacterial cellulose 207:225 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) 142:232 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 1 20 theme bacterial 207:215 arg1 dispersant 248:257 a dispersant 246:257 a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution 246:314 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 1 20 theme bacterial 207:215 arg1 TOBC 228:231 TOBC 228:231 TOBC 228:231 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 4 21 theme colloidal 586:594 arg1 solution 596:603 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution 559:603 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution 559:603 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution formed a hydrogel after the addition of gelatin, followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (HA-TOBC-Gel). 25910635 1 22 from nanoparticles 282:294 arg1 solution 307:314 aqueous solution 299:314 aqueous solution 299:314 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 6 23 theme increased 970:978 arg1 crosslinking 980:991 the increased crosslinking 966:991 the increased crosslinking of gelatin 966:1002 Both the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress increased as the amount of gelatin increased due to the increased crosslinking of gelatin. 25910635 7 24 theme denser 1051:1056 arg1 structure 1067:1075 a denser scaffold structure 1049:1075 a denser scaffold structure resulting in the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress 1049:1151 In addition, the well-dispersed HA produced a denser scaffold structure resulting in the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress. 25910635 1 25 theme nanoparticles 282:294 arg1 dispersant 248:257 a dispersant 246:257 a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution 246:314 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 1 25 theme nanoparticles 282:294 arg1 cellulose 217:225 bacterial cellulose 207:225 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) 142:232 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 6 26 theme Young 871:875 arg1 modulus 879:885 the Young's modulus 867:885 the Young's modulus 867:885 Both the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress increased as the amount of gelatin increased due to the increased crosslinking of gelatin. 25910635 0 27 theme charged 21:27 arg1 nanofibers 39:48 negatively charged cellulose nanofibers 10:48 negatively charged cellulose nanofibers 10:48 Effect of negatively charged cellulose nanofibers on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25910635 8 28 theme well-developed 1158:1171 arg1 structures 1180:1189 The well-developed porous structures 1154:1189 The well-developed porous structures of the HA-TOBC-Gel composites 1154:1219 The well-developed porous structures of the HA-TOBC-Gel composites were incubated with Calvarial osteoblasts. 25910635 5 29 theme promising 837:845 arg1 dispersant 850:859 a promising HA dispersant 835:859 a promising HA dispersant 835:859 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 5 29 theme promising 837:845 arg1 TOBC 827:830 TOBC 827:830 TOBC 827:830 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 2 30 theme room 438:441 arg1 temperature 443:453 room temperature 438:453 room temperature 438:453 The surfaces of TOBC nanofibers were negatively charged after the reaction with the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH 10 and room temperature. 25910635 1 31 theme aqueous 299:305 arg1 solution 307:314 aqueous solution 299:314 aqueous solution 299:314 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 0 32 theme tissue 122:127 arg1 engineering 129:139 bone tissue engineering 117:139 bone tissue engineering 117:139 Effect of negatively charged cellulose nanofibers on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25910635 7 33 theme stress 1146:1151 arg1 increase 1094:1101 the increase 1090:1101 the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress 1090:1151 In addition, the well-dispersed HA produced a denser scaffold structure resulting in the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress. 25910635 5 34 theme HA 847:848 arg1 dispersant 850:859 a promising HA dispersant 835:859 a promising HA dispersant 835:859 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 5 34 theme HA 847:848 arg1 TOBC 827:830 TOBC 827:830 TOBC 827:830 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 0 35 theme nanofibers 39:48 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of negatively charged cellulose nanofibers on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite 0:84 Effect of negatively charged cellulose nanofibers on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25910635 9 36 theme potential 1383:1391 arg1 material 1369:1376 the material 1365:1376 the material 1365:1376 The HA-TOBC-Gel significantly improved cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation confirming the material as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. 25910635 9 36 theme potential 1383:1391 arg1 candidate 1393:1401 a potential candidate 1381:1401 a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds 1381:1446 The HA-TOBC-Gel significantly improved cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation confirming the material as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. 25910635 5 37 theme chemical 718:725 arg1 modification 727:738 The chemical modification 714:738 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces 714:760 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 4 38 with crosslinking 666:677 arg1 HA-TOBC-Gel 700:710 HA-TOBC-Gel 700:710 HA-TOBC-Gel 700:710 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution formed a hydrogel after the addition of gelatin, followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (HA-TOBC-Gel). 25910635 4 38 with crosslinking 666:677 arg1 glutaraldehyde 684:697 glutaraldehyde 684:697 glutaraldehyde (HA-TOBC-Gel) 684:711 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution formed a hydrogel after the addition of gelatin, followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (HA-TOBC-Gel). 25910635 1 39 used used 238:241 arg2 dispersant 248:257 a dispersant 246:257 a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution 246:314 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 1 39 used used 238:241 arg2 TOBC 228:231 TOBC 228:231 TOBC 228:231 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 1 39 used used 238:241 arg2 cellulose 217:225 bacterial cellulose 207:225 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) 142:232 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 0 40 theme cellulose 29:37 arg1 nanofibers 39:48 negatively charged cellulose nanofibers 10:48 negatively charged cellulose nanofibers 10:48 Effect of negatively charged cellulose nanofibers on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25910635 8 41 theme Calvarial 1241:1249 arg1 osteoblasts 1251:1261 Calvarial osteoblasts 1241:1261 Calvarial osteoblasts 1241:1261 The well-developed porous structures of the HA-TOBC-Gel composites were incubated with Calvarial osteoblasts. 25910635 6 42 theme gelatin 996:1002 arg1 crosslinking 980:991 the increased crosslinking 966:991 the increased crosslinking of gelatin 966:1002 Both the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress increased as the amount of gelatin increased due to the increased crosslinking of gelatin. 25910635 8 43 theme HA-TOBC-Gel 1198:1208 arg1 composites 1210:1219 the HA-TOBC-Gel composites 1194:1219 the HA-TOBC-Gel composites 1194:1219 The well-developed porous structures of the HA-TOBC-Gel composites were incubated with Calvarial osteoblasts. 25910635 4 44 theme gelatin 645:651 arg1 addition 633:640 the addition 629:640 the addition of gelatin 629:651 The well-dispersed HA-TOBC colloidal solution formed a hydrogel after the addition of gelatin, followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (HA-TOBC-Gel). 25910635 5 45 theme dispersion 797:806 arg1 solution 808:815 the dispersion solution 793:815 the dispersion solution 793:815 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 6 46 theme gelatin 941:947 arg1 gelatin 941:947 gelatin 941:947 gelatin 941:947 Both the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress increased as the amount of gelatin increased due to the increased crosslinking of gelatin. 25910635 6 46 theme gelatin 941:947 arg1 amount 931:936 the amount 927:936 the amount of gelatin 927:947 Both the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress increased as the amount of gelatin increased due to the increased crosslinking of gelatin. 25910635 1 47 from dispersant 248:257 arg1 solution 307:314 aqueous solution 299:314 aqueous solution 299:314 Nanofibrous 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) was used as a dispersant of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. 25910635 3 48 theme TOBC 501:504 arg1 HA-TOBC 518:524 HA-TOBC 518:524 HA-TOBC 518:524 HA nanoparticles were simply adsorbed on the TOBC nanofibers (HA-TOBC) and dispersed well in DI water. 25910635 3 48 theme TOBC 501:504 arg1 nanofibers 506:515 the TOBC nanofibers 497:515 the TOBC nanofibers (HA-TOBC) 497:525 HA nanoparticles were simply adsorbed on the TOBC nanofibers (HA-TOBC) and dispersed well in DI water. 25910635 5 49 theme solution 808:815 arg1 stability 780:788 the colloidal stability 766:788 the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution 766:815 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 5 49 theme solution 808:815 arg1 modification 727:738 The chemical modification 714:738 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces 714:760 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 7 50 theme modulus 1118:1124 arg1 increase 1094:1101 the increase 1090:1101 the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress 1090:1151 In addition, the well-dispersed HA produced a denser scaffold structure resulting in the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress. 25910635 8 51 theme composites 1210:1219 arg1 structures 1180:1189 The well-developed porous structures 1154:1189 The well-developed porous structures of the HA-TOBC-Gel composites 1154:1219 The well-developed porous structures of the HA-TOBC-Gel composites were incubated with Calvarial osteoblasts. 25910635 7 52 theme well-dispersed 1022:1035 arg1 HA 1037:1038 the well-dispersed HA 1018:1038 the well-dispersed HA 1018:1038 In addition, the well-dispersed HA produced a denser scaffold structure resulting in the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress. 25910635 7 53 theme maximum 1130:1136 arg1 stress 1146:1151 maximum tensile stress 1130:1151 maximum tensile stress 1130:1151 In addition, the well-dispersed HA produced a denser scaffold structure resulting in the increase of the Young's modulus and maximum tensile stress. 25910635 2 54 theme nanofibers 338:347 arg1 surfaces 321:328 The surfaces 317:328 The surfaces of TOBC nanofibers 317:347 The surfaces of TOBC nanofibers were negatively charged after the reaction with the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH 10 and room temperature. 25910635 5 55 theme fiber 747:751 arg1 surfaces 753:760 the fiber surfaces 743:760 the fiber surfaces 743:760 The chemical modification of the fiber surfaces and the colloidal stability of the dispersion solution confirmed TOBC as a promising HA dispersant. 25910635 0 56 from scaffolds 104:112 arg1 engineering 129:139 bone tissue engineering 117:139 bone tissue engineering 117:139 Effect of negatively charged cellulose nanofibers on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. 25910635 2 57 from pH 428:429 arg1 charged 365:371 charged 365:371 charged 365:371 The surfaces of TOBC nanofibers were negatively charged after the reaction with the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH 10 and room temperature. 25910635 2 58 theme TOBC 333:336 arg1 nanofibers 338:347 TOBC nanofibers 333:347 TOBC nanofibers 333:347 The surfaces of TOBC nanofibers were negatively charged after the reaction with the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH 10 and room temperature. 25910635 3 59 theme HA 456:457 arg1 nanoparticles 459:471 HA nanoparticles 456:471 HA nanoparticles 456:471 HA nanoparticles were simply adsorbed on the TOBC nanofibers (HA-TOBC) and dispersed well in DI water. 25910635 9 60 theme cell 1303:1306 arg1 proliferation 1308:1320 cell proliferation 1303:1320 cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation 1303:1352 The HA-TOBC-Gel significantly improved cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation confirming the material as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. 25910635 2 61 theme TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO 401:416 arg1 system 418:423 the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system 397:423 the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system 397:423 The surfaces of TOBC nanofibers were negatively charged after the reaction with the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH 10 and room temperature. 25910635 9 62 theme engineering 1426:1436 arg1 scaffolds 1438:1446 bone tissue engineering scaffolds 1414:1446 bone tissue engineering scaffolds 1414:1446 The HA-TOBC-Gel significantly improved cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation confirming the material as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. 25910635 2 63 from temperature 443:453 arg1 charged 365:371 charged 365:371 charged 365:371 The surfaces of TOBC nanofibers were negatively charged after the reaction with the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH 10 and room temperature. 25910635 9 64 theme bone 1414:1417 arg1 scaffolds 1438:1446 bone tissue engineering scaffolds 1414:1446 bone tissue engineering scaffolds 1414:1446 The HA-TOBC-Gel significantly improved cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation confirming the material as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. 24440595 0 0 theme corneal 93:99 arg1 tissue 109:114 structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue 68:114 structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue 68:114 Corneal stromal stem cells versus corneal fibroblasts in generating structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 1 1 theme robust 358:363 arg1 properties 379:388 its robust biomechanical properties 354:388 its robust biomechanical properties 354:388 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 2 2 theme highly-aligned 606:619 arg1 substrate 629:637 a highly-aligned fibrous substrate 604:637 a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea 604:673 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 5 3 theme identical 1139:1147 arg1 conditions 1149:1158 the identical conditions 1135:1158 the identical conditions 1135:1158 Under the identical conditions, hCFs tended to differentiate into myofibroblasts and deposited a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct in a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components. 24440595 5 4 theme scar 1312:1315 arg1 tissue 1317:1322 corneal scar tissue 1304:1322 corneal scar tissue 1304:1322 Under the identical conditions, hCFs tended to differentiate into myofibroblasts and deposited a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct in a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components. 24440595 4 5 from 60-70 μm 992:999 arg1 sulfate 1096:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 5 from 60-70 μm 992:999 arg1 components 1066:1075 cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1023:1075 cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1023:1075 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 5 from 60-70 μm 992:999 arg1 lumican 1105:1111 lumican 1105:1111 lumican 1105:1111 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 5 from 60-70 μm 992:999 arg1 keratocan 1118:1126 keratocan 1118:1126 keratocan 1118:1126 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 0 6 theme appropriate 81:91 arg1 tissue 109:114 structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue 68:114 structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue 68:114 Corneal stromal stem cells versus corneal fibroblasts in generating structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 1 7 theme biomechanical 365:377 arg1 properties 379:388 its robust biomechanical properties 354:388 its robust biomechanical properties 354:388 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 2 8 theme urethane 660:667 arg1 urea 670:673 poly(ester urethane) urea 649:673 poly(ester urethane) urea 649:673 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 3 9 theme collagen 901:908 arg1 fibrils 910:916 orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils 879:916 orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils 879:916 In the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL), hCSSCs successfully differentiated into keratocytes and secreted multilayered lamellae with orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking human corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 3 10 theme secreted 843:850 arg1 lamellae 865:872 secreted multilayered lamellae 843:872 secreted multilayered lamellae 843:872 In the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL), hCSSCs successfully differentiated into keratocytes and secreted multilayered lamellae with orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking human corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 3 11 theme serum-free 683:692 arg1 medium 721:726 the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium 679:726 the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL) 679:784 In the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL), hCSSCs successfully differentiated into keratocytes and secreted multilayered lamellae with orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking human corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 2 12 theme ester 654:658 arg1 urea 670:673 poly(ester urethane) urea 649:673 poly(ester urethane) urea 649:673 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 5 13 theme due 1324:1326 arg1 pattern 1275:1281 a pattern 1273:1281 a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components 1273:1370 Under the identical conditions, hCFs tended to differentiate into myofibroblasts and deposited a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct in a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components. 24440595 0 14 theme stromal 101:107 arg1 tissue 109:114 structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue 68:114 structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue 68:114 Corneal stromal stem cells versus corneal fibroblasts in generating structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 2 15 theme tissue 594:599 arg1 generation 558:567 the generation 554:567 the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea 554:673 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 5 16 theme components 1361:1370 arg1 lack 1333:1336 a lack 1331:1336 a lack of cornea-specific ECM components 1331:1370 Under the identical conditions, hCFs tended to differentiate into myofibroblasts and deposited a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct in a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components. 24440595 1 17 theme optical 394:400 arg1 transparency 402:413 optical transparency 394:413 optical transparency 394:413 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 2 18 theme poly 649:652 arg1 urea 670:673 poly(ester urethane) urea 649:673 poly(ester urethane) urea 649:673 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 3 19 theme human 942:946 arg1 tissue 964:969 human corneal stromal tissue 942:969 human corneal stromal tissue 942:969 In the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL), hCSSCs successfully differentiated into keratocytes and secreted multilayered lamellae with orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking human corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 2 20 theme corneal 524:530 arg1 fibroblasts 532:542 human corneal fibroblasts 518:542 human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) 518:549 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 2 20 theme corneal 524:530 arg1 hCFs 545:548 hCFs 545:548 hCFs 545:548 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 4 21 theme extracellular 1039:1051 arg1 sulfate 1096:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 21 theme extracellular 1039:1051 arg1 components 1066:1075 cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1023:1075 cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1023:1075 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 21 theme extracellular 1039:1051 arg1 lumican 1105:1111 lumican 1105:1111 lumican 1105:1111 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 21 theme extracellular 1039:1051 arg1 keratocan 1118:1126 keratocan 1118:1126 keratocan 1118:1126 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 2 22 theme human 472:476 arg1 hCSSCs 506:511 hCSSCs 506:511 hCSSCs 506:511 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 2 22 theme human 472:476 arg1 cells 499:503 human corneal stromal stem cells 472:503 human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) 472:512 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 6 23 theme growth 1477:1482 arg1 guidance 1491:1498 proper substrate and growth factor guidance 1456:1498 guidance 1491:1498 These observations demonstrated that hCSSCs showed a much greater potential, under proper substrate and growth factor guidance, to facilitate the generation of a biological human cornea equivalent. 24440595 0 24 theme stromal 8:14 arg1 cells 21:25 Corneal stromal stem cells 0:25 Corneal stromal stem cells 0:25 Corneal stromal stem cells versus corneal fibroblasts in generating structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 5 25 theme less-organized 1226:1239 arg1 construct 1260:1268 a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct 1224:1268 a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct 1224:1268 Under the identical conditions, hCFs tended to differentiate into myofibroblasts and deposited a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct in a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components. 24440595 5 26 with pattern 1275:1281 arg1 similarities 1288:1299 similarities 1288:1299 similarities to corneal scar tissue 1288:1322 Under the identical conditions, hCFs tended to differentiate into myofibroblasts and deposited a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct in a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components. 24440595 7 27 dep native 1721:1726 arg1 functional 1729:1738 functional 1729:1738 functional 1729:1738 Unlike hCSSCs, hCFs were less responsive to these environmental cues and under identical culture conditions generated an ECM that poorly mimicked the native, functional tissue structure and composition. 24440595 0 28 theme Corneal 0:6 arg1 cells 21:25 Corneal stromal stem cells 0:25 Corneal stromal stem cells 0:25 Corneal stromal stem cells versus corneal fibroblasts in generating structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 5 29 theme collagen-fibrillar 1241:1258 arg1 construct 1260:1268 a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct 1224:1268 a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct 1224:1268 Under the identical conditions, hCFs tended to differentiate into myofibroblasts and deposited a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct in a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components. 24440595 2 30 theme fibrous 621:627 arg1 substrate 629:637 a highly-aligned fibrous substrate 604:637 a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea 604:673 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 4 31 theme ECM 1061:1063 arg1 sulfate 1096:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 31 theme ECM 1061:1063 arg1 components 1066:1075 cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1023:1075 cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1023:1075 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 31 theme ECM 1061:1063 arg1 lumican 1105:1111 lumican 1105:1111 lumican 1105:1111 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 31 theme ECM 1061:1063 arg1 keratocan 1118:1126 keratocan 1118:1126 keratocan 1118:1126 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 5 32 theme cornea-specific 1341:1355 arg1 components 1361:1370 cornea-specific ECM components 1341:1370 cornea-specific ECM components 1341:1370 Under the identical conditions, hCFs tended to differentiate into myofibroblasts and deposited a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct in a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components. 24440595 1 33 theme most 192:195 arg1 steps 209:213 the most challenging steps 188:213 the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue 188:249 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 4 34 from components 1066:1075 arg1 60-70 μm 992:999 60-70 μm 992:999 60-70 μm 992:999 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 34 from components 1066:1075 arg1 constructs 976:985 The constructs 972:985 The constructs 972:985 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 34 from components 1066:1075 arg1 thick 1001:1005 thick 1001:1005 thick 1001:1005 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 35 dep 60-70 μm 992:999 arg1 60-70 μm 992:999 60-70 μm 992:999 60-70 μm 992:999 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 35 dep 60-70 μm 992:999 arg1 constructs 976:985 The constructs 972:985 The constructs 972:985 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 35 dep 60-70 μm 992:999 arg1 thick 1001:1005 thick 1001:1005 thick 1001:1005 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 6 36 theme greater 1431:1437 arg1 potential 1439:1447 a much greater potential 1424:1447 a much greater potential 1424:1447 These observations demonstrated that hCSSCs showed a much greater potential, under proper substrate and growth factor guidance, to facilitate the generation of a biological human cornea equivalent. 24440595 5 37 theme ECM 1357:1359 arg1 components 1361:1370 cornea-specific ECM components 1341:1370 cornea-specific ECM components 1341:1370 Under the identical conditions, hCFs tended to differentiate into myofibroblasts and deposited a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct in a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components. 24440595 1 38 theme challenging 197:207 arg1 steps 209:213 the most challenging steps 188:213 the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue 188:249 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 0 39 theme stem 16:19 arg1 cells 21:25 Corneal stromal stem cells 0:25 Corneal stromal stem cells 0:25 Corneal stromal stem cells versus corneal fibroblasts in generating structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 1 40 theme highly-ordered 296:309 arg1 ultrastructure 324:337 its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure 292:337 its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure 292:337 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 6 41 theme proper 1456:1461 arg1 substrate 1463:1471 proper substrate and growth factor guidance 1456:1498 substrate 1463:1471 These observations demonstrated that hCSSCs showed a much greater potential, under proper substrate and growth factor guidance, to facilitate the generation of a biological human cornea equivalent. 24440595 6 42 theme equivalent 1559:1568 arg1 cornea 1552:1557 a biological human cornea equivalent 1533:1568 a biological human cornea equivalent 1533:1568 These observations demonstrated that hCSSCs showed a much greater potential, under proper substrate and growth factor guidance, to facilitate the generation of a biological human cornea equivalent. 24440595 3 43 theme corneal 948:954 arg1 tissue 964:969 human corneal stromal tissue 942:969 human corneal stromal tissue 942:969 In the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL), hCSSCs successfully differentiated into keratocytes and secreted multilayered lamellae with orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking human corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 6 44 theme biological 1535:1544 arg1 cornea 1552:1557 a biological human cornea equivalent 1533:1568 a biological human cornea equivalent 1533:1568 These observations demonstrated that hCSSCs showed a much greater potential, under proper substrate and growth factor guidance, to facilitate the generation of a biological human cornea equivalent. 24440595 0 45 theme corneal 34:40 arg1 fibroblasts 42:52 corneal fibroblasts 34:52 corneal fibroblasts 34:52 Corneal stromal stem cells versus corneal fibroblasts in generating structurally appropriate corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 1 46 theme hierarchical 311:322 arg1 ultrastructure 324:337 its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure 292:337 its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure 292:337 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 3 47 theme stromal 956:962 arg1 tissue 964:969 human corneal stromal tissue 942:969 human corneal stromal tissue 942:969 In the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL), hCSSCs successfully differentiated into keratocytes and secreted multilayered lamellae with orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking human corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 4 48 theme cornea-specific 1023:1037 arg1 sulfate 1096:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 48 theme cornea-specific 1023:1037 arg1 components 1066:1075 cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1023:1075 cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1023:1075 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 48 theme cornea-specific 1023:1037 arg1 lumican 1105:1111 lumican 1105:1111 lumican 1105:1111 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 48 theme cornea-specific 1023:1037 arg1 keratocan 1118:1126 keratocan 1118:1126 keratocan 1118:1126 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 49 theme matrix 1053:1058 arg1 sulfate 1096:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 49 theme matrix 1053:1058 arg1 components 1066:1075 cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1023:1075 cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1023:1075 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 49 theme matrix 1053:1058 arg1 lumican 1105:1111 lumican 1105:1111 lumican 1105:1111 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 4 49 theme matrix 1053:1058 arg1 keratocan 1118:1126 keratocan 1118:1126 keratocan 1118:1126 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 24440595 7 50 theme environmental 1621:1633 arg1 cues 1635:1638 these environmental cues 1615:1638 these environmental cues 1615:1638 Unlike hCSSCs, hCFs were less responsive to these environmental cues and under identical culture conditions generated an ECM that poorly mimicked the native, functional tissue structure and composition. 24440595 1 51 theme engineering 218:228 arg1 tissue 244:249 engineering human corneal tissue 218:249 engineering human corneal tissue 218:249 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 2 52 theme stem 494:497 arg1 hCSSCs 506:511 hCSSCs 506:511 hCSSCs 506:511 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 2 52 theme stem 494:497 arg1 cells 499:503 human corneal stromal stem cells 472:503 human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) 472:512 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 2 53 theme stromal 586:592 arg1 tissue 594:599 human corneal stromal tissue 572:599 human corneal stromal tissue 572:599 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 7 54 theme identical 1650:1658 arg1 conditions 1668:1677 identical culture conditions 1650:1677 identical culture conditions 1650:1677 Unlike hCSSCs, hCFs were less responsive to these environmental cues and under identical culture conditions generated an ECM that poorly mimicked the native, functional tissue structure and composition. 24440595 2 55 theme stromal 486:492 arg1 hCSSCs 506:511 hCSSCs 506:511 hCSSCs 506:511 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 2 55 theme stromal 486:492 arg1 cells 499:503 human corneal stromal stem cells 472:503 human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) 472:512 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 7 56 theme culture 1660:1666 arg1 conditions 1668:1677 identical culture conditions 1650:1677 identical culture conditions 1650:1677 Unlike hCSSCs, hCFs were less responsive to these environmental cues and under identical culture conditions generated an ECM that poorly mimicked the native, functional tissue structure and composition. 24440595 2 57 theme corneal 578:584 arg1 tissue 594:599 human corneal stromal tissue 572:599 human corneal stromal tissue 572:599 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 1 58 theme human 135:139 arg1 tissue 157:162 human corneal stromal tissue 135:162 human corneal stromal tissue 135:162 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 6 59 theme cornea 1552:1557 arg1 generation 1519:1528 the generation 1515:1528 the generation of a biological human cornea equivalent 1515:1568 These observations demonstrated that hCSSCs showed a much greater potential, under proper substrate and growth factor guidance, to facilitate the generation of a biological human cornea equivalent. 24440595 2 60 theme human 572:576 arg1 tissue 594:599 human corneal stromal tissue 572:599 human corneal stromal tissue 572:599 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 1 61 from steps 209:213 arg1 tissue 244:249 engineering human corneal tissue 218:249 engineering human corneal tissue 218:249 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 1 62 theme corneal 141:147 arg1 tissue 157:162 human corneal stromal tissue 135:162 human corneal stromal tissue 135:162 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 3 63 theme orthogonally-oriented 879:899 arg1 fibrils 910:916 orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils 879:916 orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils 879:916 In the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL), hCSSCs successfully differentiated into keratocytes and secreted multilayered lamellae with orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking human corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 1 64 theme human 230:234 arg1 tissue 244:249 engineering human corneal tissue 218:249 engineering human corneal tissue 218:249 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 7 65 theme tissue 1740:1745 arg1 structure 1747:1755 the native, functional tissue structure 1717:1755 the native, functional tissue structure 1717:1755 Unlike hCSSCs, hCFs were less responsive to these environmental cues and under identical culture conditions generated an ECM that poorly mimicked the native, functional tissue structure and composition. 24440595 7 66 theme native 1721:1726 arg1 structure 1747:1755 the native, functional tissue structure 1717:1755 the native, functional tissue structure 1717:1755 Unlike hCSSCs, hCFs were less responsive to these environmental cues and under identical culture conditions generated an ECM that poorly mimicked the native, functional tissue structure and composition. 24440595 1 67 theme stromal 149:155 arg1 tissue 157:162 human corneal stromal tissue 135:162 human corneal stromal tissue 135:162 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 3 68 theme multilayered 852:863 arg1 lamellae 865:872 secreted multilayered lamellae 843:872 secreted multilayered lamellae 843:872 In the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL), hCSSCs successfully differentiated into keratocytes and secreted multilayered lamellae with orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking human corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 1 69 theme corneal 236:242 arg1 tissue 244:249 engineering human corneal tissue 218:249 engineering human corneal tissue 218:249 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 2 70 theme human 518:522 arg1 fibroblasts 532:542 human corneal fibroblasts 518:542 human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) 518:549 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 2 70 theme human 518:522 arg1 hCFs 545:548 hCFs 545:548 hCFs 545:548 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 5 71 theme corneal 1304:1310 arg1 tissue 1317:1322 corneal scar tissue 1304:1322 corneal scar tissue 1304:1322 Under the identical conditions, hCFs tended to differentiate into myofibroblasts and deposited a less-organized collagen-fibrillar construct in a pattern with similarities to corneal scar tissue due to a lack of cornea-specific ECM components. 24440595 1 72 theme tissue 157:162 arg1 Recapitulation 117:130 Recapitulation 117:130 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue 117:162 Recapitulation of human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be among the most challenging steps in engineering human corneal tissue because of the difficulty in reproducing its highly-ordered hierarchical ultrastructure, which imparts its robust biomechanical properties and optical transparency. 24440595 6 73 theme human 1546:1550 arg1 cornea 1552:1557 a biological human cornea equivalent 1533:1568 a biological human cornea equivalent 1533:1568 These observations demonstrated that hCSSCs showed a much greater potential, under proper substrate and growth factor guidance, to facilitate the generation of a biological human cornea equivalent. 24440595 2 74 from generation 558:567 arg1 substrate 629:637 a highly-aligned fibrous substrate 604:637 a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea 604:673 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 3 75 theme keratocyte 694:703 arg1 medium 721:726 the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium 679:726 the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL) 679:784 In the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL), hCSSCs successfully differentiated into keratocytes and secreted multilayered lamellae with orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking human corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 6 76 theme factor 1484:1489 arg1 guidance 1491:1498 proper substrate and growth factor guidance 1456:1498 guidance 1491:1498 These observations demonstrated that hCSSCs showed a much greater potential, under proper substrate and growth factor guidance, to facilitate the generation of a biological human cornea equivalent. 24440595 3 77 theme differentiation 705:719 arg1 medium 721:726 the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium 679:726 the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL) 679:784 In the serum-free keratocyte differentiation medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β3 (0.1 ng/mL), hCSSCs successfully differentiated into keratocytes and secreted multilayered lamellae with orthogonally-oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking human corneal stromal tissue. 24440595 2 78 theme corneal 478:484 arg1 hCSSCs 506:511 hCSSCs 506:511 hCSSCs 506:511 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 2 78 theme corneal 478:484 arg1 cells 499:503 human corneal stromal stem cells 472:503 human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) 472:512 In this study, we compared the feasibility of utilizing human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) and human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) in the generation of human corneal stromal tissue on a highly-aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea. 24440595 4 79 theme keratan 1088:1094 arg1 sulfate 1096:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 keratan sulfate 1088:1102 The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and abundant in cornea-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. 29154787 4 0 with lysates 797:803 arg1 purity 815:820 high purity 810:820 high purity (>95%) 810:827 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 4 0 with lysates 797:803 arg1 % 826:826 >95% 823:826 >95% 823:826 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 4 1 theme E. 784:785 arg1 lysates 797:803 E. coli cell lysates 784:803 E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%) 784:827 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 6 2 theme immobilized 1059:1069 arg1 protein 1083:1089 the immobilized recombinant protein 1055:1089 the immobilized recombinant protein 1055:1089 The immobilized enzyme retained 80% activity after 9 cycles of washing, and the immobilized recombinant protein could be eluted with high purity with imidazole. 29154787 6 3 theme immobilized 983:993 arg1 enzyme 995:1000 The immobilized enzyme 979:1000 The immobilized enzyme 979:1000 The immobilized enzyme retained 80% activity after 9 cycles of washing, and the immobilized recombinant protein could be eluted with high purity with imidazole. 29154787 7 4 theme protein 1205:1211 arg1 purification 1213:1224 protein purification 1205:1224 protein purification 1205:1224 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 5 5 theme support 970:976 arg1 milligram 957:965 milligram 957:965 milligram of support 957:976 After loading with Ni2+, nanoparticles demonstrated a binding capacity of 250 μg of a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase per milligram of support. 29154787 7 6 theme nanomagnetic 1319:1330 arg1 support 1332:1338 the nanomagnetic support 1315:1338 the nanomagnetic support 1315:1338 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 4 7 dep E. 784:785 arg1 coli 787:790 coli 787:790 coli 787:790 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 4 8 from subtilis 761:768 arg1 β-galactosidase 731:745 a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase 696:745 a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis 696:768 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 3 9 theme Infrared 600:607 arg1 Spectroscopy 609:620 Infrared Spectroscopy 600:620 Infrared Spectroscopy 600:620 The nanoparticle core was coated with chitosan and derivatized with glutaraldehyde and NTA, as confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. 29154787 5 10 theme 250 μg 904:909 arg1 capacity 892:899 a binding capacity 882:899 a binding capacity of 250 μg of a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase per milligram of support 882:976 After loading with Ni2+, nanoparticles demonstrated a binding capacity of 250 μg of a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase per milligram of support. 29154787 7 11 theme multiple 1352:1359 arg1 cycles 1361:1366 multiple cycles 1352:1366 multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity 1352:1436 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 6 12 theme high 1112:1115 arg1 purity 1117:1122 high purity 1112:1122 high purity with imidazole 1112:1137 The immobilized enzyme retained 80% activity after 9 cycles of washing, and the immobilized recombinant protein could be eluted with high purity with imidazole. 29154787 5 13 with loading 836:842 arg1 Ni2+ 849:852 Ni2+ 849:852 Ni2+ 849:852 After loading with Ni2+, nanoparticles demonstrated a binding capacity of 250 μg of a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase per milligram of support. 29154787 2 14 theme size 443:446 arg1 distribution 448:459 a size distribution 441:459 a size distribution of 10-50 nm 441:471 The nanoparticle core was synthesized by controlled aggregation of Fe3O4 under alkaline conditions, and Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed a size distribution of 10-50 nm. 29154787 7 15 theme nanomagnetic 1167:1178 arg1 composites 1180:1189 these nanomagnetic composites 1161:1189 these nanomagnetic composites 1161:1189 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 1 16 theme paramagnetic 95:106 arg1 nanocomposite 108:120 A paramagnetic nanocomposite 93:120 A paramagnetic nanocomposite coated with chitosan and N-(5-Amino-1-carboxy-pentyl) iminodiacetic acid (NTA) that is suitable for protein immobilization applications 93:256 A paramagnetic nanocomposite coated with chitosan and N-(5-Amino-1-carboxy-pentyl) iminodiacetic acid (NTA) that is suitable for protein immobilization applications has been prepared and characterized. 29154787 4 17 theme polyhistidine-tagged 710:729 arg1 β-galactosidase 731:745 a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase 696:745 a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis 696:768 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 5 18 theme β-galactosidase 937:951 arg1 250 μg 904:909 250 μg 904:909 250 μg of a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase per milligram of support 904:976 After loading with Ni2+, nanoparticles demonstrated a binding capacity of 250 μg of a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase per milligram of support. 29154787 6 19 theme washing 1042:1048 arg1 cycles 1032:1037 9 cycles 1030:1037 9 cycles of washing 1030:1048 The immobilized enzyme retained 80% activity after 9 cycles of washing, and the immobilized recombinant protein could be eluted with high purity with imidazole. 29154787 4 20 theme high 810:813 arg1 purity 815:820 high purity 810:820 high purity (>95%) 810:827 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 4 20 theme high 810:813 arg1 % 826:826 >95% 823:826 >95% 823:826 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 3 21 theme nanoparticle 478:489 arg1 core 491:494 The nanoparticle core 474:494 The nanoparticle core 474:494 The nanoparticle core was coated with chitosan and derivatized with glutaraldehyde and NTA, as confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. 29154787 0 22 theme nanoparticles 34:46 arg1 Functionalization 0:16 Functionalization 0:16 Functionalization of paramagnetic nanoparticles for protein immobilization and purification. 0:91 Functionalization of paramagnetic nanoparticles for protein immobilization and purification. 29154787 7 23 theme activity 1429:1436 arg1 loss 1411:1414 no significant loss 1396:1414 no significant loss of catalytic activity 1396:1436 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 2 24 theme controlled 336:345 arg1 aggregation 347:357 controlled aggregation 336:357 controlled aggregation of Fe3O4 under alkaline conditions 336:392 The nanoparticle core was synthesized by controlled aggregation of Fe3O4 under alkaline conditions, and Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed a size distribution of 10-50 nm. 29154787 7 25 theme reactions 1381:1389 arg1 cycles 1361:1366 multiple cycles 1352:1366 multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity 1352:1436 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 0 26 theme paramagnetic 21:32 arg1 nanoparticles 34:46 paramagnetic nanoparticles 21:46 paramagnetic nanoparticles 21:46 Functionalization of paramagnetic nanoparticles for protein immobilization and purification. 29154787 4 27 theme final 627:631 arg1 nanoparticles 633:645 The final nanoparticles 623:645 The final nanoparticles 623:645 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 4 27 theme final 627:631 arg1 matrix 677:682 a metal affinity matrix 660:682 a metal affinity matrix 660:682 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 2 28 theme 10-50 nm 464:471 arg1 distribution 448:459 a size distribution 441:459 a size distribution of 10-50 nm 441:471 The nanoparticle core was synthesized by controlled aggregation of Fe3O4 under alkaline conditions, and Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed a size distribution of 10-50 nm. 29154787 3 29 dep Fourier 582:588 arg1 Transform 590:598 Transform 590:598 Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 590:620 The nanoparticle core was coated with chitosan and derivatized with glutaraldehyde and NTA, as confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. 29154787 7 30 with reactions 1381:1389 arg1 loss 1411:1414 no significant loss 1396:1414 no significant loss of catalytic activity 1396:1436 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 4 31 theme recombinant 698:708 arg1 β-galactosidase 731:745 a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase 696:745 a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis 696:768 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 7 32 theme significant 1399:1409 arg1 loss 1411:1414 no significant loss 1396:1414 no significant loss of catalytic activity 1396:1436 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 1 33 theme protein 222:228 arg1 applications 245:256 protein immobilization applications 222:256 protein immobilization applications 222:256 A paramagnetic nanocomposite coated with chitosan and N-(5-Amino-1-carboxy-pentyl) iminodiacetic acid (NTA) that is suitable for protein immobilization applications has been prepared and characterized. 29154787 7 34 used used 1243:1246 arg2 applications 1144:1155 The applications 1140:1155 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites 1140:1189 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 6 35 theme recombinant 1071:1081 arg1 protein 1083:1089 the immobilized recombinant protein 1055:1089 the immobilized recombinant protein 1055:1089 The immobilized enzyme retained 80% activity after 9 cycles of washing, and the immobilized recombinant protein could be eluted with high purity with imidazole. 29154787 1 36 theme immobilization 230:243 arg1 applications 245:256 protein immobilization applications 222:256 protein immobilization applications 222:256 A paramagnetic nanocomposite coated with chitosan and N-(5-Amino-1-carboxy-pentyl) iminodiacetic acid (NTA) that is suitable for protein immobilization applications has been prepared and characterized. 29154787 4 37 used used 652:655 arg2 matrix 677:682 a metal affinity matrix 660:682 a metal affinity matrix 660:682 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 4 37 used used 652:655 arg2 nanoparticles 633:645 The final nanoparticles 623:645 The final nanoparticles 623:645 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 0 38 dep protein 52:58 arg1 purification 79:90 purification 79:90 purification 79:90 Functionalization of paramagnetic nanoparticles for protein immobilization and purification. 29154787 0 38 dep protein 52:58 arg1 immobilization 60:73 immobilization 60:73 immobilization 60:73 Functionalization of paramagnetic nanoparticles for protein immobilization and purification. 29154787 4 39 theme cell 792:795 arg1 lysates 797:803 E. coli cell lysates 784:803 E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%) 784:827 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 6 40 theme % 1013:1013 arg1 activity 1015:1022 80% activity 1011:1022 80% activity 1011:1022 The immobilized enzyme retained 80% activity after 9 cycles of washing, and the immobilized recombinant protein could be eluted with high purity with imidazole. 29154787 1 41 theme iminodiacetic 176:188 arg1 NTA 196:198 NTA 196:198 NTA 196:198 A paramagnetic nanocomposite coated with chitosan and N-(5-Amino-1-carboxy-pentyl) iminodiacetic acid (NTA) that is suitable for protein immobilization applications has been prepared and characterized. 29154787 1 41 theme iminodiacetic 176:188 arg1 acid 190:193 N-(5-Amino-1-carboxy-pentyl) iminodiacetic acid 147:193 N-(5-Amino-1-carboxy-pentyl) iminodiacetic acid (NTA) that is suitable for protein immobilization applications 147:256 A paramagnetic nanocomposite coated with chitosan and N-(5-Amino-1-carboxy-pentyl) iminodiacetic acid (NTA) that is suitable for protein immobilization applications has been prepared and characterized. 29154787 2 42 theme alkaline 374:381 arg1 conditions 383:392 alkaline conditions 374:392 alkaline conditions 374:392 The nanoparticle core was synthesized by controlled aggregation of Fe3O4 under alkaline conditions, and Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed a size distribution of 10-50 nm. 29154787 6 43 theme 80 1011:1012 arg1 % 1013:1013 % 1013:1013 % 1013:1013 The immobilized enzyme retained 80% activity after 9 cycles of washing, and the immobilized recombinant protein could be eluted with high purity with imidazole. 29154787 7 44 used used 1344:1347 arg2 β-galactosidase 1284:1298 the β-galactosidase 1280:1298 the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support 1280:1338 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 4 45 from lysates 797:803 arg1 separate 687:694 separate 687:694 separate 687:694 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 4 46 theme metal 662:666 arg1 nanoparticles 633:645 The final nanoparticles 623:645 The final nanoparticles 623:645 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 4 46 theme metal 662:666 arg1 matrix 677:682 a metal affinity matrix 660:682 a metal affinity matrix 660:682 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 2 47 theme nanoparticle 299:310 arg1 core 312:315 The nanoparticle core 295:315 The nanoparticle core 295:315 The nanoparticle core was synthesized by controlled aggregation of Fe3O4 under alkaline conditions, and Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed a size distribution of 10-50 nm. 29154787 6 48 with purity 1117:1122 arg1 imidazole 1129:1137 imidazole 1129:1137 imidazole 1129:1137 The immobilized enzyme retained 80% activity after 9 cycles of washing, and the immobilized recombinant protein could be eluted with high purity with imidazole. 29154787 2 49 theme Fe3O4 362:366 arg1 aggregation 347:357 controlled aggregation 336:357 controlled aggregation of Fe3O4 under alkaline conditions 336:392 The nanoparticle core was synthesized by controlled aggregation of Fe3O4 under alkaline conditions, and Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed a size distribution of 10-50 nm. 29154787 7 50 theme catalytic 1371:1379 arg1 reactions 1381:1389 catalytic reactions 1371:1389 catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity 1371:1436 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 7 51 theme catalytic 1419:1427 arg1 activity 1429:1436 catalytic activity 1419:1436 catalytic activity 1419:1436 The applications for these nanomagnetic composites extend beyond protein purification, and can also be used for immobilizing enzymes, where the β-galactosidase immobilized on the nanomagnetic support was used in multiple cycles of catalytic reactions with no significant loss of catalytic activity. 29154787 2 52 theme Electron 412:419 arg1 Microscopy 421:430 Transmission Electron Microscopy 399:430 Transmission Electron Microscopy 399:430 The nanoparticle core was synthesized by controlled aggregation of Fe3O4 under alkaline conditions, and Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed a size distribution of 10-50 nm. 29154787 5 53 theme polyhistidine-tagged 916:935 arg1 β-galactosidase 937:951 a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase 914:951 a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase per milligram of support 914:976 After loading with Ni2+, nanoparticles demonstrated a binding capacity of 250 μg of a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase per milligram of support. 29154787 5 54 theme binding 884:890 arg1 capacity 892:899 a binding capacity 882:899 a binding capacity of 250 μg of a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase per milligram of support 882:976 After loading with Ni2+, nanoparticles demonstrated a binding capacity of 250 μg of a polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase per milligram of support. 29154787 2 55 theme Transmission 399:410 arg1 Microscopy 421:430 Transmission Electron Microscopy 399:430 Transmission Electron Microscopy 399:430 The nanoparticle core was synthesized by controlled aggregation of Fe3O4 under alkaline conditions, and Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed a size distribution of 10-50 nm. 29154787 4 56 theme affinity 668:675 arg1 nanoparticles 633:645 The final nanoparticles 623:645 The final nanoparticles 623:645 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 29154787 4 56 theme affinity 668:675 arg1 matrix 677:682 a metal affinity matrix 660:682 a metal affinity matrix 660:682 The final nanoparticles were used as a metal affinity matrix to separate a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged β-galactosidase from Bacillus subtilis directly from E. coli cell lysates with high purity (>95%). 24291078 7 0 theme aureus 973:978 arg1 growth 1007:1012 Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth 958:1012 Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions 958:1063 This ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel proved great antimicrobial properties, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions. 24291078 2 1 theme high 354:357 arg1 consistency 359:369 a high consistency 352:369 a high consistency 352:369 Starting from the ratio of 3:1 the chitosan solution was transformed into a gel with a high consistency, which incorporates 15mL water for only 0.1g solid substance. 24291078 0 2 theme composite 92:100 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 0 2 theme composite 92:100 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 9 3 theme wound 1306:1310 arg1 dressing 1312:1319 This wound dressing 1301:1319 This wound dressing 1301:1319 This wound dressing maintains a moist environment at the wound interface, providing a cooling sensation and soothing effect, while slowly releasing the antibiotic. 24291078 0 4 dep care 140:143 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 0 4 dep care 140:143 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 8 5 theme wound 1172:1176 arg1 dressings 1178:1186 improved wound dressings 1163:1186 improved wound dressings 1163:1186 The results indicate that the obtained composite can be used in cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic. 24291078 3 6 theme transmission 522:533 arg1 TEM 556:558 TEM 556:558 TEM 556:558 The powders obtained after drying the gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC). 24291078 3 6 theme transmission 522:533 arg1 microscopy 544:553 transmission electron microscopy 522:553 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 522:559 The powders obtained after drying the gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC). 24291078 0 7 theme potential 107:115 arg1 applications 117:128 potential applications 107:128 potential applications in wounds 107:138 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 3 8 theme electron 535:542 arg1 TEM 556:558 TEM 556:558 TEM 556:558 The powders obtained after drying the gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC). 24291078 3 8 theme electron 535:542 arg1 microscopy 544:553 transmission electron microscopy 522:553 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 522:559 The powders obtained after drying the gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC). 24291078 7 9 theme antimicrobial 921:933 arg1 properties 935:944 great antimicrobial properties 915:944 great antimicrobial properties 915:944 This ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel proved great antimicrobial properties, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions. 24291078 2 10 theme 3:1 294:296 arg1 ratio 285:289 the ratio 281:289 the ratio of 3:1 281:296 Starting from the ratio of 3:1 the chitosan solution was transformed into a gel with a high consistency, which incorporates 15mL water for only 0.1g solid substance. 24291078 8 11 theme cutaneous 1130:1138 arg1 healing 1140:1146 cutaneous healing 1130:1146 cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic 1130:1298 The results indicate that the obtained composite can be used in cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic. 24291078 4 12 theme photoluminescence 637:653 arg1 spectra 660:666 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra 592:666 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra 592:666 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were also recorded. 24291078 6 13 theme gentamicin 833:842 arg1 rate 825:828 The release rate 813:828 The release rate of gentamicin 813:842 The release rate of gentamicin was monitored photometrically. 24291078 4 14 theme electronic 596:605 arg1 spectra 660:666 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra 592:666 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra 592:666 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were also recorded. 24291078 8 15 theme controlled 1263:1272 arg1 release 1274:1280 the controlled release 1259:1280 the controlled release of the antibiotic 1259:1298 The results indicate that the obtained composite can be used in cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic. 24291078 4 16 theme infrared 617:624 arg1 spectra 660:666 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra 592:666 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra 592:666 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were also recorded. 24291078 5 17 theme ZnO 688:690 arg1 particles 692:700 ZnO particles 688:700 ZnO particles 688:700 ZnO particles were coated with gentamicin and incorporated into the chitosan matrix, to yield a ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel. 24291078 9 18 theme moist 1333:1337 arg1 environment 1339:1349 a moist environment 1331:1349 a moist environment 1331:1349 This wound dressing maintains a moist environment at the wound interface, providing a cooling sensation and soothing effect, while slowly releasing the antibiotic. 24291078 8 19 used used 1122:1125 arg2 composite 1105:1113 the obtained composite 1092:1113 the obtained composite 1092:1113 The results indicate that the obtained composite can be used in cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic. 24291078 2 20 theme 15mL 391:394 arg1 water 396:400 15mL water 391:400 15mL water for only 0.1g solid substance 391:430 Starting from the ratio of 3:1 the chitosan solution was transformed into a gel with a high consistency, which incorporates 15mL water for only 0.1g solid substance. 24291078 10 21 theme entire 1528:1533 arg1 solution 1535:1542 the entire solution 1524:1542 the entire solution 1524:1542 The system is fully scalable to any other soluble drug, as the entire solution remains trapped in the ZnO-chitosan gel. 24291078 10 22 theme ZnO-chitosan 1567:1578 arg1 gel 1580:1582 the ZnO-chitosan gel 1563:1582 the ZnO-chitosan gel 1563:1582 The system is fully scalable to any other soluble drug, as the entire solution remains trapped in the ZnO-chitosan gel. 24291078 7 23 theme great 915:919 arg1 properties 935:944 great antimicrobial properties 915:944 great antimicrobial properties 915:944 This ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel proved great antimicrobial properties, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions. 24291078 1 24 theme chitosan 206:213 arg1 solution 215:222 a chitosan solution 204:222 a chitosan solution in weight ratios ranging from 1:1 to 12:1 204:264 Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into a chitosan solution in weight ratios ranging from 1:1 to 12:1. 24291078 5 25 theme chitosan 756:763 arg1 matrix 765:770 the chitosan matrix 752:770 the chitosan matrix 752:770 ZnO particles were coated with gentamicin and incorporated into the chitosan matrix, to yield a ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel. 24291078 7 26 theme ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan 880:902 arg1 gel 904:906 This ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel 875:906 This ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel 875:906 This ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel proved great antimicrobial properties, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions. 24291078 8 27 theme antibacterial 1207:1219 arg1 activity 1221:1228 the antibacterial activity 1203:1228 the antibacterial activity of all three components 1203:1252 The results indicate that the obtained composite can be used in cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic. 24291078 4 28 dep infrared 617:624 arg1 FTIR 627:630 FTIR 627:630 FTIR 627:630 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were also recorded. 24291078 10 29 theme soluble 1507:1513 arg1 drug 1515:1518 any other soluble drug 1497:1518 any other soluble drug 1497:1518 The system is fully scalable to any other soluble drug, as the entire solution remains trapped in the ZnO-chitosan gel. 24291078 4 30 dep electronic 596:605 arg1 UV-vis 608:613 UV-vis 608:613 UV-vis 608:613 The electronic (UV-vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were also recorded. 24291078 2 31 theme solid 416:420 arg1 substance 422:430 only 0.1g solid substance 406:430 only 0.1g solid substance 406:430 Starting from the ratio of 3:1 the chitosan solution was transformed into a gel with a high consistency, which incorporates 15mL water for only 0.1g solid substance. 24291078 9 32 theme wound 1358:1362 arg1 interface 1364:1372 the wound interface 1354:1372 the wound interface 1354:1372 This wound dressing maintains a moist environment at the wound interface, providing a cooling sensation and soothing effect, while slowly releasing the antibiotic. 24291078 10 33 theme other 1501:1505 arg1 drug 1515:1518 any other soluble drug 1497:1518 any other soluble drug 1497:1518 The system is fully scalable to any other soluble drug, as the entire solution remains trapped in the ZnO-chitosan gel. 24291078 6 34 theme release 817:823 arg1 rate 825:828 The release rate 813:828 The release rate of gentamicin 813:842 The release rate of gentamicin was monitored photometrically. 24291078 2 35 theme chitosan 302:309 arg1 solution 311:318 the chitosan solution 298:318 the chitosan solution 298:318 Starting from the ratio of 3:1 the chitosan solution was transformed into a gel with a high consistency, which incorporates 15mL water for only 0.1g solid substance. 24291078 1 36 theme weight 227:232 arg1 ratios 234:239 weight ratios 227:239 weight ratios ranging from 1:1 to 12:1 227:264 Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into a chitosan solution in weight ratios ranging from 1:1 to 12:1. 24291078 0 37 theme novel 36:40 arg1 composite 92:100 a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite 34:100 a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite 34:100 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 8 38 theme antibiotic 1289:1298 arg1 release 1274:1280 the controlled release 1259:1280 the controlled release of the antibiotic 1259:1298 The results indicate that the obtained composite can be used in cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic. 24291078 7 39 from growth 1007:1012 arg1 conditions 1054:1063 both planktonic and surface-attached conditions 1017:1063 both planktonic and surface-attached conditions 1017:1063 This ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel proved great antimicrobial properties, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions. 24291078 8 40 theme obtained 1096:1103 arg1 composite 1105:1113 the obtained composite 1092:1113 the obtained composite 1092:1113 The results indicate that the obtained composite can be used in cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic. 24291078 5 41 theme ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan 784:806 arg1 gel 808:810 a ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel 782:810 a ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel 782:810 ZnO particles were coated with gentamicin and incorporated into the chitosan matrix, to yield a ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel. 24291078 0 42 theme release 53:59 arg1 composite 92:100 a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite 34:100 a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite 34:100 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 3 43 theme X-ray 497:501 arg1 diffraction 503:513 X-ray diffraction 497:513 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 497:519 The powders obtained after drying the gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC). 24291078 3 43 theme X-ray 497:501 arg1 XRD 516:518 XRD 516:518 XRD 516:518 The powders obtained after drying the gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC). 24291078 7 44 theme surface-attached 1037:1052 arg1 conditions 1054:1063 both planktonic and surface-attached conditions 1017:1063 both planktonic and surface-attached conditions 1017:1063 This ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel proved great antimicrobial properties, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions. 24291078 2 45 with gel 343:345 arg1 consistency 359:369 a high consistency 352:369 a high consistency 352:369 Starting from the ratio of 3:1 the chitosan solution was transformed into a gel with a high consistency, which incorporates 15mL water for only 0.1g solid substance. 24291078 0 46 with characterization 14:29 arg1 applications 117:128 potential applications 107:128 potential applications in wounds 107:138 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 0 47 theme controlled 42:51 arg1 composite 92:100 a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite 34:100 a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite 34:100 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 9 48 dep maintains 1321:1329 arg1 soothing 1409:1416 soothing 1409:1416 soothing effect 1409:1423 This wound dressing maintains a moist environment at the wound interface, providing a cooling sensation and soothing effect, while slowly releasing the antibiotic. 24291078 9 48 dep maintains 1321:1329 arg1 providing 1375:1383 providing 1375:1383 providing a cooling sensation 1375:1403 This wound dressing maintains a moist environment at the wound interface, providing a cooling sensation and soothing effect, while slowly releasing the antibiotic. 24291078 3 49 theme thermal 565:571 arg1 analysis 573:580 thermal analysis 565:580 thermal analysis (TG-DSC) 565:589 The powders obtained after drying the gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC). 24291078 3 49 theme thermal 565:571 arg1 TG-DSC 583:588 TG-DSC 583:588 TG-DSC 583:588 The powders obtained after drying the gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC). 24291078 7 50 theme aeruginosa 996:1005 arg1 growth 1007:1012 Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth 958:1012 Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions 958:1063 This ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel proved great antimicrobial properties, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions. 24291078 9 51 theme cooling 1387:1393 arg1 sensation 1395:1403 a cooling sensation 1385:1403 a cooling sensation 1385:1403 This wound dressing maintains a moist environment at the wound interface, providing a cooling sensation and soothing effect, while slowly releasing the antibiotic. 24291078 7 52 theme planktonic 1022:1031 arg1 conditions 1054:1063 both planktonic and surface-attached conditions 1017:1063 both planktonic and surface-attached conditions 1017:1063 This ZnO/gentamicin-chitosan gel proved great antimicrobial properties, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions. 24291078 0 53 with Synthesis 0:8 arg1 applications 117:128 potential applications 107:128 potential applications in wounds 107:138 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 2 54 dep transformed 324:334 arg1 Starting 267:274 Starting 267:274 Starting from the ratio of 3:1 267:296 Starting from the ratio of 3:1 the chitosan solution was transformed into a gel with a high consistency, which incorporates 15mL water for only 0.1g solid substance. 24291078 0 55 from applications 117:128 arg1 wounds 133:138 wounds 133:138 wounds 133:138 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 1 56 theme prepared 154:161 arg1 nanoparticles 167:179 Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles 146:179 Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles 146:179 Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into a chitosan solution in weight ratios ranging from 1:1 to 12:1. 24291078 0 57 theme oxide/gentamicin-chitosan 66:90 arg1 composite 92:100 a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite 34:100 a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite 34:100 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 3 58 dep drying 460:465 arg1 gel 471:473 the gel 467:473 drying the gel 460:473 The powders obtained after drying the gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC). 24291078 1 59 from solution 215:222 arg1 ratios 234:239 weight ratios 227:239 weight ratios ranging from 1:1 to 12:1 227:264 Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into a chitosan solution in weight ratios ranging from 1:1 to 12:1. 24291078 1 60 theme ZnO 163:165 arg1 nanoparticles 167:179 Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles 146:179 Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles 146:179 Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into a chitosan solution in weight ratios ranging from 1:1 to 12:1. 24291078 8 61 theme components 1243:1252 arg1 activity 1221:1228 the antibacterial activity 1203:1228 the antibacterial activity of all three components 1203:1252 The results indicate that the obtained composite can be used in cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic. 24291078 0 62 theme zinc 61:64 arg1 composite 92:100 a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite 34:100 a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite 34:100 Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin-chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care. 24291078 8 63 theme improved 1163:1170 arg1 dressings 1178:1186 improved wound dressings 1163:1186 improved wound dressings 1163:1186 The results indicate that the obtained composite can be used in cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic. 25483202 3 0 theme esterase-producing 885:902 arg1 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 0 theme esterase-producing 885:902 arg1 inoculant 911:919 a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant 870:919 a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI) 870:930 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 1 1 theme additive 391:398 arg1 acid 357:360 a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 347:398 a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 347:398 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 10 2 theme ferulic 2416:2422 arg1 inoculant 2448:2456 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2414:2456 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2414:2456 The effects of using a fibrolytic enzyme product at ensiling, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, did not differ between corn harvested at either NC or HC. 25483202 9 3 dep product 2091:2097 arg1 combination 2119:2129 combination 2119:2129 combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2119:2178 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 9 3 dep product 2091:2097 arg1 ensiling 2184:2191 ensiling 2184:2191 ensiling 2184:2191 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 9 3 dep product 2091:2097 arg1 either 2100:2105 either 2100:2105 either 2100:2105 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 0 4 theme ferulic 154:160 arg1 inoculant 186:194 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 152:194 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 152:194 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 6 5 theme ensiling 1358:1365 arg1 d 1353:1353 70 d 1350:1353 70 d of ensiling 1350:1365 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 9 6 from effects 2287:2293 arg1 parameters 2304:2313 these parameters 2298:2313 these parameters 2298:2313 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 7 7 theme detergent 1781:1789 arg1 concentrations 1797:1810 the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations 1762:1810 concentrations 1797:1810 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 0 8 theme esterase-producing 167:184 arg1 inoculant 186:194 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 152:194 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 152:194 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 1 9 theme chemical 408:415 arg1 composition 417:427 the chemical composition 404:427 the chemical composition 404:427 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 9 10 theme ferulic 2138:2144 arg1 inoculant 2170:2178 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2136:2178 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2136:2178 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 5 11 dep in 1312:1313 arg1 vitro 1315:1319 vitro 1315:1319 vitro 1315:1319 Samples were packed into laboratory-scale silos, stored for 7, 28, or 70 d, and analyzed for fermentation characteristics, and samples ensiled for 70 d were also analyzed for DM losses, chemical composition, and in vitro ruminal degradability. 25483202 2 12 theme corn 581:584 arg1 samples 570:576 Triplicate samples 559:576 Triplicate samples of corn 559:584 Triplicate samples of corn were harvested to leave stubble of either a conventional (15cm; NC) or high (45cm; HC) height above ground. 25483202 9 13 theme esterase-producing 2151:2168 arg1 inoculant 2170:2178 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2136:2178 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2136:2178 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 2 14 theme Triplicate 559:568 arg1 samples 570:576 Triplicate samples 559:576 Triplicate samples of corn 559:584 Triplicate samples of corn were harvested to leave stubble of either a conventional (15cm; NC) or high (45cm; HC) height above ground. 25483202 8 15 theme treatment 1973:1981 arg1 effect 1954:1959 No effect 1951:1959 No effect of additive treatment 1951:1981 No effect of additive treatment was observed on in vitro degradability indices after 48h ruminal incubation. 25483202 4 16 theme herbage 1008:1014 arg1 matter 1020:1025 herbage dry matter 1008:1025 herbage dry matter (DM) 1008:1030 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 4 16 theme herbage 1008:1014 arg1 DM 1028:1029 DM 1028:1029 DM 1028:1029 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 3 17 dep alone 835:839 arg1 ENZ 842:844 ENZ 842:844 ENZ 842:844 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 6 18 theme fiber 1514:1518 arg1 concentrations 1529:1542 the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations 1470:1542 the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations 1470:1542 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 4 19 theme matter 1020:1025 arg1 product/kg 994:1003 enzyme product/kg 987:1003 enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM) 987:1030 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 0 20 theme fibrolytic 111:120 arg1 enzymes 122:128 fibrolytic enzymes 111:128 fibrolytic enzymes 111:128 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 3 21 dep applied 820:826 arg1 xylanases 795:803 xylanases 795:803 xylanases 795:803 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 21 dep applied 820:826 arg1 combination 853:863 combination 853:863 combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI) 853:930 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 21 dep applied 820:826 arg1 either 828:833 either 828:833 either 828:833 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 6 22 theme acid 1499:1502 arg1 fiber 1514:1518 acid detergent fiber 1499:1518 acid detergent fiber 1499:1518 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 8 23 theme in 1999:2000 arg1 indices 2022:2028 in vitro degradability indices 1999:2028 in vitro degradability indices 1999:2028 No effect of additive treatment was observed on in vitro degradability indices after 48h ruminal incubation. 25483202 1 24 theme ferulic 349:355 arg1 acid 357:360 a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 347:398 a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 347:398 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 6 25 theme corn 1404:1407 arg1 silages 1409:1415 corn silages 1404:1415 corn silages 1404:1415 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 3 26 theme enzyme 769:774 arg1 product 776:782 a fibrolytic enzyme product 756:782 a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI) 756:930 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 6 27 theme fiber 1492:1496 arg1 concentrations 1529:1542 the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations 1470:1542 the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations 1470:1542 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 8 28 theme degradability 2008:2020 arg1 indices 2022:2028 in vitro degradability indices 1999:2028 in vitro degradability indices 1999:2028 No effect of additive treatment was observed on in vitro degradability indices after 48h ruminal incubation. 25483202 3 29 theme herbage 717:723 arg1 Sub-samples 694:704 Sub-samples 694:704 Sub-samples of chopped herbage 694:723 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 1 30 theme esterase-producing 362:379 arg1 acid 357:360 a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 347:398 a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 347:398 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 9 31 theme corn 2209:2212 arg1 fermentation 2221:2232 corn silage fermentation 2209:2232 corn silage fermentation 2209:2232 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 6 32 theme neutral 1474:1480 arg1 fiber 1492:1496 the neutral detergent fiber 1470:1496 the neutral detergent fiber 1470:1496 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 1 33 theme product 282:288 arg1 use 255:257 the use 251:257 the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, 251:399 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 7 34 theme yeasts 1737:1742 arg1 number 1727:1732 the number 1723:1732 the number of yeasts 1723:1742 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 7 34 theme yeasts 1737:1742 arg1 acid 1689:1692 the acetic acid 1678:1692 the acetic acid 1678:1692 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 7 34 theme yeasts 1737:1742 arg1 concentrations 1703:1716 ethanol concentrations 1695:1716 ethanol concentrations 1695:1716 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 7 34 theme yeasts 1737:1742 arg1 greater 1749:1755 greater 1749:1755 greater 1749:1755 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 5 35 theme in 1312:1313 arg1 degradability 1329:1341 in vitro ruminal degradability 1312:1341 in vitro ruminal degradability 1312:1341 Samples were packed into laboratory-scale silos, stored for 7, 28, or 70 d, and analyzed for fermentation characteristics, and samples ensiled for 70 d were also analyzed for DM losses, chemical composition, and in vitro ruminal degradability. 25483202 4 36 theme herbage 1091:1097 arg1 cfu/g 1076:1080 1.3×10(5) cfu/g 1066:1080 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage 1066:1097 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 10 37 theme fibrolytic 2339:2348 arg1 product 2357:2363 a fibrolytic enzyme product 2337:2363 a fibrolytic enzyme product 2337:2363 The effects of using a fibrolytic enzyme product at ensiling, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, did not differ between corn harvested at either NC or HC. 25483202 11 38 theme in 2648:2649 arg1 indices 2671:2677 the in vitro digestibility indices 2644:2677 the in vitro digestibility indices 2644:2677 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 10 39 theme acid 2424:2427 arg1 inoculant 2448:2456 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2414:2456 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2414:2456 The effects of using a fibrolytic enzyme product at ensiling, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, did not differ between corn harvested at either NC or HC. 25483202 11 40 theme starch 2551:2556 arg1 content 2558:2564 a greater starch content 2541:2564 a greater starch content 2541:2564 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 6 41 theme cutting 1446:1452 arg1 height 1454:1459 cutting height 1446:1459 cutting height 1446:1459 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 2 42 dep 45cm 663:666 arg1 HC 669:670 HC 669:670 HC 669:670 Triplicate samples of corn were harvested to leave stubble of either a conventional (15cm; NC) or high (45cm; HC) height above ground. 25483202 4 43 theme fibrolytic 937:946 arg1 treatment 955:963 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment 933:963 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment 933:963 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 5 44 theme chemical 1286:1293 arg1 composition 1295:1305 chemical composition 1286:1305 chemical composition 1286:1305 Samples were packed into laboratory-scale silos, stored for 7, 28, or 70 d, and analyzed for fermentation characteristics, and samples ensiled for 70 d were also analyzed for DM losses, chemical composition, and in vitro ruminal degradability. 25483202 2 45 theme conventional 630:641 arg1 stubble 610:616 stubble 610:616 stubble of either a conventional (15cm; NC) or high (45cm; HC) height above ground 610:691 Triplicate samples of corn were harvested to leave stubble of either a conventional (15cm; NC) or high (45cm; HC) height above ground. 25483202 8 46 located observed 1987:1994 arg1 indices 2022:2028 in vitro degradability indices 1999:2028 in vitro degradability indices 1999:2028 No effect of additive treatment was observed on in vitro degradability indices after 48h ruminal incubation. 25483202 8 46 located observed 1987:1994 arg2 effect 1954:1959 No effect 1951:1959 No effect of additive treatment 1951:1981 No effect of additive treatment was observed on in vitro degradability indices after 48h ruminal incubation. 25483202 11 47 theme fiber 2576:2580 arg1 content 2582:2588 lower fiber content 2570:2588 lower fiber content 2570:2588 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 10 48 dep either 2378:2383 arg1 alone 2385:2389 alone 2385:2389 alone 2385:2389 The effects of using a fibrolytic enzyme product at ensiling, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, did not differ between corn harvested at either NC or HC. 25483202 0 49 theme fiber 14:18 arg1 digestibility 20:32 fiber digestibility 14:32 fiber digestibility 14:32 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 11 50 theme cutting 2614:2620 arg1 height 2622:2627 cutting height 2614:2627 cutting height 2614:2627 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 8 51 theme ruminal 2040:2046 arg1 incubation 2048:2057 48h ruminal incubation 2036:2057 48h ruminal incubation 2036:2057 No effect of additive treatment was observed on in vitro degradability indices after 48h ruminal incubation. 25483202 1 52 theme cutting 543:549 arg1 height 551:556 either conventional or high cutting height 515:556 either conventional or high cutting height 515:556 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 6 53 theme silages 1409:1415 arg1 characteristics 1385:1399 the fermentation characteristics 1368:1399 the fermentation characteristics of corn silages 1368:1415 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 7 54 theme acetic 1682:1687 arg1 acid 1689:1692 the acetic acid 1678:1692 the acetic acid 1678:1692 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 7 54 theme acetic 1682:1687 arg1 greater 1749:1755 greater 1749:1755 greater 1749:1755 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 9 55 with combination 2119:2129 arg1 inoculant 2170:2178 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2136:2178 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2136:2178 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 10 56 with combination 2397:2407 arg1 inoculant 2448:2456 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2414:2456 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2414:2456 The effects of using a fibrolytic enzyme product at ensiling, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, did not differ between corn harvested at either NC or HC. 25483202 5 57 theme ruminal 1321:1327 arg1 degradability 1329:1341 in vitro ruminal degradability 1312:1341 in vitro ruminal degradability 1312:1341 Samples were packed into laboratory-scale silos, stored for 7, 28, or 70 d, and analyzed for fermentation characteristics, and samples ensiled for 70 d were also analyzed for DM losses, chemical composition, and in vitro ruminal degradability. 25483202 11 58 dep in 2648:2649 arg1 vitro 2651:2655 vitro 2651:2655 vitro 2651:2655 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 9 59 theme fibrolytic 2073:2082 arg1 product 2091:2097 a fibrolytic enzyme product 2071:2097 a fibrolytic enzyme product 2071:2097 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 0 60 theme nutritive 39:47 arg1 value 49:53 nutritive value 39:53 nutritive value 39:53 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 1 61 theme fibrolytic 264:273 arg1 product 282:288 a fibrolytic enzyme product 262:288 a fibrolytic enzyme product 262:288 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 4 62 theme enzyme 987:992 arg1 product/kg 994:1003 enzyme product/kg 987:1003 enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM) 987:1030 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 1 63 theme in 464:465 arg1 degradability 473:485 in vitro degradability 464:485 in vitro degradability 464:485 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 9 64 theme product 2091:2097 arg1 use 2064:2066 The use 2060:2066 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling 2060:2191 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 3 65 theme silage 904:909 arg1 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 65 theme silage 904:909 arg1 inoculant 911:919 a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant 870:919 a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI) 870:930 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 7 66 theme DM 1940:1941 arg1 losses 1943:1948 higher DM losses 1933:1948 higher DM losses 1933:1948 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 8 67 dep in 1999:2000 arg1 vitro 2002:2006 vitro 2002:2006 vitro 2002:2006 No effect of additive treatment was observed on in vitro degradability indices after 48h ruminal incubation. 25483202 3 68 theme acid 880:883 arg1 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 68 theme acid 880:883 arg1 inoculant 911:919 a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant 870:919 a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI) 870:930 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 1 69 theme corn 490:493 arg1 silage 495:500 corn silage 490:500 corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height 490:556 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 3 70 with combination 853:863 arg1 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 70 with combination 853:863 arg1 inoculant 911:919 a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant 870:919 a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI) 870:930 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 71 contain containing 784:793 arg2 cellulases 809:818 cellulases 809:818 cellulases 809:818 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 71 contain containing 784:793 arg2 combination 853:863 combination 853:863 combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI) 853:930 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 71 contain containing 784:793 arg2 xylanases 795:803 xylanases 795:803 xylanases 795:803 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 71 contain containing 784:793 arg1 product 776:782 a fibrolytic enzyme product 756:782 a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI) 756:930 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 71 contain containing 784:793 arg2 either 828:833 either 828:833 either 828:833 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 0 72 theme acid 162:165 arg1 inoculant 186:194 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 152:194 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 152:194 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 5 73 theme DM 1275:1276 arg1 losses 1278:1283 DM losses 1275:1283 DM losses 1275:1283 Samples were packed into laboratory-scale silos, stored for 7, 28, or 70 d, and analyzed for fermentation characteristics, and samples ensiled for 70 d were also analyzed for DM losses, chemical composition, and in vitro ruminal degradability. 25483202 7 74 theme fiber 1791:1795 arg1 concentrations 1797:1810 the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations 1762:1810 concentrations 1797:1810 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 7 75 theme higher 1933:1938 arg1 losses 1943:1948 higher DM losses 1933:1948 higher DM losses 1933:1948 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 1 76 from effects 240:246 arg1 composition 417:427 the chemical composition 404:427 the chemical composition 404:427 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 1 76 from effects 240:246 arg1 characteristics 443:457 conservation characteristics 430:457 conservation characteristics 430:457 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 1 76 from effects 240:246 arg1 degradability 473:485 in vitro degradability 464:485 in vitro degradability 464:485 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 9 77 theme acid 2146:2149 arg1 inoculant 2170:2178 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2136:2178 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2136:2178 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 7 78 theme neutral 1773:1779 arg1 concentrations 1797:1810 the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations 1762:1810 concentrations 1797:1810 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 4 79 theme dry 1016:1018 arg1 matter 1020:1025 herbage dry matter 1008:1025 herbage dry matter (DM) 1008:1030 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 4 79 theme dry 1016:1018 arg1 DM 1028:1029 DM 1028:1029 DM 1028:1029 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 11 80 theme digestibility 2657:2669 arg1 indices 2671:2677 the in vitro digestibility indices 2644:2677 the in vitro digestibility indices 2644:2677 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 1 81 theme conservation 430:441 arg1 characteristics 443:457 conservation characteristics 430:457 conservation characteristics 430:457 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 8 82 theme additive 1964:1971 arg1 treatment 1973:1981 additive treatment 1964:1981 additive treatment 1964:1981 No effect of additive treatment was observed on in vitro degradability indices after 48h ruminal incubation. 25483202 7 83 theme ENZ+FAEI 1902:1909 arg1 silages 1911:1917 ENZ+FAEI silages 1902:1917 ENZ+FAEI silages 1902:1917 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 6 84 theme detergent 1504:1512 arg1 fiber 1514:1518 acid detergent fiber 1499:1518 acid detergent fiber 1499:1518 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 3 85 dep either 828:833 arg1 alone 835:839 alone 835:839 alone 835:839 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 7 86 theme untreated 1875:1883 arg1 silages 1885:1891 the untreated silages 1871:1891 the untreated silages 1871:1891 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 2 87 dep conventional 630:641 arg1 height 673:678 height 673:678 height above ground 673:691 Triplicate samples of corn were harvested to leave stubble of either a conventional (15cm; NC) or high (45cm; HC) height above ground. 25483202 0 88 dep either 131:136 arg1 alone 138:142 alone 138:142 alone 138:142 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 9 89 dep either 2100:2105 arg1 alone 2107:2111 alone 2107:2111 alone 2107:2111 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 6 90 theme detergent 1482:1490 arg1 fiber 1492:1496 the neutral detergent fiber 1470:1496 the neutral detergent fiber 1470:1496 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 10 91 dep ensiling 2368:2375 arg1 combination 2397:2407 combination 2397:2407 combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2397:2456 The effects of using a fibrolytic enzyme product at ensiling, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, did not differ between corn harvested at either NC or HC. 25483202 10 91 dep ensiling 2368:2375 arg1 either 2378:2383 either 2378:2383 either 2378:2383 The effects of using a fibrolytic enzyme product at ensiling, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, did not differ between corn harvested at either NC or HC. 25483202 0 92 theme corn 58:61 arg1 Conservation 0:11 Conservation 0:11 Conservation 0:11 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 0 92 theme corn 58:61 arg1 digestibility 20:32 fiber digestibility 14:32 fiber digestibility 14:32 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 0 92 theme corn 58:61 arg1 value 49:53 nutritive value 39:53 nutritive value 39:53 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 1 93 theme bacterial 381:389 arg1 acid 357:360 a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 347:398 a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 347:398 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 9 94 theme silage 2214:2219 arg1 fermentation 2221:2232 corn silage fermentation 2209:2232 corn silage fermentation 2209:2232 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 6 95 theme fermentation 1372:1383 arg1 characteristics 1385:1399 the fermentation characteristics 1368:1399 the fermentation characteristics of corn silages 1368:1415 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 0 96 dep enzymes 122:128 arg1 either 131:136 either 131:136 either 131:136 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 0 96 dep enzymes 122:128 arg1 inoculant 186:194 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 152:194 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 152:194 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 3 97 theme fibrolytic 758:767 arg1 product 776:782 a fibrolytic enzyme product 756:782 a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI) 756:930 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 6 98 theme starch 1563:1568 arg1 concentration 1570:1582 the starch concentration 1559:1582 the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC 1559:1651 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 2 99 theme high 657:660 arg1 stubble 610:616 stubble 610:616 stubble of either a conventional (15cm; NC) or high (45cm; HC) height above ground 610:691 Triplicate samples of corn were harvested to leave stubble of either a conventional (15cm; NC) or high (45cm; HC) height above ground. 25483202 3 100 theme chopped 709:715 arg1 herbage 717:723 chopped herbage 709:723 chopped herbage 709:723 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 5 101 theme laboratory-scale 1125:1140 arg1 silos 1142:1146 laboratory-scale silos 1125:1146 laboratory-scale silos 1125:1146 Samples were packed into laboratory-scale silos, stored for 7, 28, or 70 d, and analyzed for fermentation characteristics, and samples ensiled for 70 d were also analyzed for DM losses, chemical composition, and in vitro ruminal degradability. 25483202 0 102 theme cutting 78:84 arg1 heights 86:92 2 cutting heights 76:92 2 cutting heights 76:92 Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. 25483202 9 103 theme nutritive 2241:2249 arg1 value 2251:2255 its nutritive value 2237:2255 its nutritive value 2237:2255 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 11 104 theme lower 2570:2574 arg1 content 2582:2588 lower fiber content 2570:2588 lower fiber content 2570:2588 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 1 105 theme silage 495:500 arg1 composition 417:427 the chemical composition 404:427 the chemical composition 404:427 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 1 105 theme silage 495:500 arg1 characteristics 443:457 conservation characteristics 430:457 conservation characteristics 430:457 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 1 105 theme silage 495:500 arg1 degradability 473:485 in vitro degradability 464:485 in vitro degradability 464:485 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 1 106 dep in 464:465 arg1 vitro 467:471 vitro 467:471 vitro 467:471 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 6 107 theme ash 1525:1527 arg1 concentrations 1529:1542 the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations 1470:1542 the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations 1470:1542 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 7 108 theme ethanol 1695:1701 arg1 concentrations 1703:1716 ethanol concentrations 1695:1716 ethanol concentrations 1695:1716 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 4 109 theme fresh 1085:1089 arg1 herbage 1091:1097 fresh herbage 1085:1097 fresh herbage 1085:1097 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 11 110 theme NC 2595:2596 arg1 silage 2598:2603 NC silage 2595:2603 NC silage 2595:2603 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 1 111 theme conventional 522:533 arg1 height 551:556 either conventional or high cutting height 515:556 either conventional or high cutting height 515:556 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 10 112 theme esterase-producing 2429:2446 arg1 inoculant 2448:2456 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2414:2456 a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant 2414:2456 The effects of using a fibrolytic enzyme product at ensiling, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, did not differ between corn harvested at either NC or HC. 25483202 9 113 theme negative 2278:2285 arg1 effects 2287:2293 some negative effects 2273:2293 some negative effects on these parameters 2273:2313 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 2 114 dep 15cm 644:647 arg1 NC 650:651 NC 650:651 NC 650:651 Triplicate samples of corn were harvested to leave stubble of either a conventional (15cm; NC) or high (45cm; HC) height above ground. 25483202 4 115 theme enzyme 948:953 arg1 treatment 955:963 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment 933:963 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment 933:963 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 1 116 dep product 282:288 arg1 applied 291:297 applied 291:297 applied at ensiling 291:309 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 1 116 dep product 282:288 arg1 alone 318:322 alone 318:322 alone 318:322 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 1 116 dep product 282:288 arg1 combination 330:340 combination 330:340 combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 330:398 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 10 117 theme enzyme 2350:2355 arg1 product 2357:2363 a fibrolytic enzyme product 2337:2363 a fibrolytic enzyme product 2337:2363 The effects of using a fibrolytic enzyme product at ensiling, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, did not differ between corn harvested at either NC or HC. 25483202 1 118 theme high 538:541 arg1 height 551:556 either conventional or high cutting height 515:556 either conventional or high cutting height 515:556 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 1 119 theme use 255:257 arg1 effects 240:246 the effects 236:246 the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height 236:556 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 8 120 theme 48h 2036:2038 arg1 incubation 2048:2057 48h ruminal incubation 2036:2057 48h ruminal incubation 2036:2057 No effect of additive treatment was observed on in vitro degradability indices after 48h ruminal incubation. 25483202 1 121 with combination 330:340 arg1 acid 357:360 a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 347:398 a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive 347:398 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 7 122 theme ensiling 1668:1675 arg1 d 1663:1663 70 d 1660:1663 70 d of ensiling 1660:1675 After 70 d of ensiling, the acetic acid, ethanol concentrations, and the number of yeasts were greater, and the pH and neutral detergent fiber concentrations were lower, in silages produced using ENZ or ENZ+FAEI than the untreated silages, whereas ENZ+FAEI silages also incurred higher DM losses. 25483202 3 123 theme ferulic 872:878 arg1 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 ENZ+FAEI 922:929 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 3 123 theme ferulic 872:878 arg1 inoculant 911:919 a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant 870:919 a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI) 870:930 Sub-samples of chopped herbage were ensiled untreated or with a fibrolytic enzyme product containing xylanases and cellulases applied either alone (ENZ) or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing silage inoculant (ENZ+FAEI). 25483202 6 124 theme greater 1584:1590 arg1 concentration 1570:1582 the starch concentration 1559:1582 the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC 1559:1651 After 70 d of ensiling, the fermentation characteristics of corn silages were generally unaffected by cutting height, whereas the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash concentrations were lower and the starch concentration greater for silages made with crops harvested at HC compared with NC. 25483202 9 125 theme enzyme 2084:2089 arg1 product 2091:2097 a fibrolytic enzyme product 2071:2097 a fibrolytic enzyme product 2071:2097 The use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant, at ensiling did not improve corn silage fermentation or its nutritive value and resulted in some negative effects on these parameters. 25483202 1 126 theme enzyme 275:280 arg1 product 282:288 a fibrolytic enzyme product 262:288 a fibrolytic enzyme product 262:288 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25483202 11 127 theme greater 2543:2549 arg1 content 2558:2564 a greater starch content 2541:2564 a greater starch content 2541:2564 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 4 128 theme product/kg 994:1003 arg1 2mL 980:982 2mL 980:982 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM) 980:1030 The fibrolytic enzyme treatment was applied at 2mL of enzyme product/kg of herbage dry matter (DM), and the inoculant was applied at 1.3×10(5) cfu/g of fresh herbage. 25483202 5 129 theme fermentation 1193:1204 arg1 characteristics 1206:1220 fermentation characteristics 1193:1220 fermentation characteristics 1193:1220 Samples were packed into laboratory-scale silos, stored for 7, 28, or 70 d, and analyzed for fermentation characteristics, and samples ensiled for 70 d were also analyzed for DM losses, chemical composition, and in vitro ruminal degradability. 25483202 11 130 contain had 2537:2539 arg2 content 2582:2588 lower fiber content 2570:2588 lower fiber content 2570:2588 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 11 130 contain had 2537:2539 arg1 Silage 2517:2522 Silage 2517:2522 Silage made from HC 2517:2535 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 11 130 contain had 2537:2539 arg2 content 2558:2564 a greater starch content 2541:2564 a greater starch content 2541:2564 Silage made from HC had a greater starch content and lower fiber content than NC silage, whereas cutting height did not affect the in vitro digestibility indices. 25483202 1 131 theme study 213:217 arg1 aim 201:203 The aim 197:203 The aim of this study 197:217 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. 25143457 6 0 theme renal 929:933 arg1 contribution 935:946 the renal contribution 925:946 the renal contribution to sCysC handling with BiNx 925:974 We determined the renal contribution to sCysC handling with BiNx. 25143457 5 1 with correlation 831:841 arg1 iGFR 848:851 iGFR 848:851 iGFR 848:851 Combining sCysC with SCr values into a composite biomarker improved correlation with iGFR better than any biomarker alone or any other combination. 25143457 11 2 theme h 1440:1440 arg1 postsepsis 1442:1451 6 h postsepsis 1438:1451 6 h postsepsis 1438:1451 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 3 3 theme faster 584:589 arg1 increase 591:598 a faster increase 582:598 a faster increase 582:598 sCysC had a faster increase and reached peak levels more rapidly than SCr in both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models. 25143457 7 4 theme organ 1082:1086 arg1 damage 1088:1093 inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage 1056:1093 increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers 1046:1104 sCysC and SCr were lower post-BiNx/CLP than post-BiNx alone, despite increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers. 25143457 9 5 theme similar 1275:1281 arg1 production 1230:1239 sCysC production 1224:1239 sCysC production 1224:1239 Sepsis decreased sCysC production and increased nonrenal clearance, similar to effects of sepsis on SCr. 25143457 1 6 theme kidney 156:161 arg1 injury 163:168 Acute kidney injury 150:168 Acute kidney injury (AKI) 150:174 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 1 6 theme kidney 156:161 arg1 AKI 171:173 AKI 171:173 AKI 171:173 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 6 7 with contribution 935:946 arg1 BiNx 971:974 BiNx 971:974 BiNx 971:974 We determined the renal contribution to sCysC handling with BiNx. 25143457 3 8 theme peak 612:615 arg1 levels 617:622 peak levels 612:622 peak levels 612:622 sCysC had a faster increase and reached peak levels more rapidly than SCr in both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models. 25143457 2 9 dep ligation 515:522 arg1 sepsis 551:556 -induced sepsis 542:556 -induced sepsis in CD-1 mice 542:569 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 2 10 theme glomerular 452:461 arg1 rate 474:477 inulin glomerular filtration rate 445:477 inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) 445:484 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 2 10 theme glomerular 452:461 arg1 iGFR 480:483 iGFR 480:483 iGFR 480:483 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 1 11 theme creatinine 318:327 arg1 production 329:338 decreased creatinine production 308:338 decreased creatinine production 308:338 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 0 12 theme creatinine 20:29 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers 0:64 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. 25143457 4 13 theme iGFR 734:737 arg1 sCysC 702:706 sCysC 702:706 sCysC 702:706 sCysC was a better surrogate of iGFR than SCr during sepsis. 25143457 4 13 theme iGFR 734:737 arg1 surrogate 721:729 a better surrogate 712:729 a better surrogate of iGFR 712:737 sCysC was a better surrogate of iGFR than SCr during sepsis. 25143457 8 14 theme nephrectomized 1143:1156 arg1 mice 1158:1161 nephrectomized mice 1143:1161 nephrectomized mice 1143:1161 Sepsis decreased CysC production in nephrectomized mice without changing body weight or CysC space. 25143457 11 15 from mortality 1561:1569 arg1 model 1579:1583 this model 1574:1583 this model 1574:1583 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 2 16 theme CD-1 561:564 arg1 mice 566:569 CD-1 mice 561:569 CD-1 mice 561:569 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 3 17 theme sepsis 654:659 arg1 models 694:699 both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models 649:699 both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models 649:699 sCysC had a faster increase and reached peak levels more rapidly than SCr in both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models. 25143457 8 18 from production 1129:1138 arg1 mice 1158:1161 nephrectomized mice 1143:1161 nephrectomized mice 1143:1161 Sepsis decreased CysC production in nephrectomized mice without changing body weight or CysC space. 25143457 2 19 theme blood 416:420 arg1 nitrogen 427:434 blood urea nitrogen 416:434 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 416:440 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 2 19 theme blood 416:420 arg1 BUN 437:439 BUN 437:439 BUN 437:439 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 8 20 theme body 1180:1183 arg1 weight 1185:1190 body weight 1180:1190 body weight 1180:1190 Sepsis decreased CysC production in nephrectomized mice without changing body weight or CysC space. 25143457 7 21 theme nonrenal 1073:1080 arg1 damage 1088:1093 inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage 1056:1093 increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers 1046:1104 sCysC and SCr were lower post-BiNx/CLP than post-BiNx alone, despite increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers. 25143457 7 22 theme lower 996:1000 arg1 post-BiNx/CLP 1002:1014 lower post-BiNx/CLP 996:1014 lower post-BiNx/CLP 996:1014 sCysC and SCr were lower post-BiNx/CLP than post-BiNx alone, despite increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers. 25143457 7 23 theme inflammatory 1056:1067 arg1 damage 1088:1093 inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage 1056:1093 increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers 1046:1104 sCysC and SCr were lower post-BiNx/CLP than post-BiNx alone, despite increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers. 25143457 1 24 theme due 292:294 arg1 changes 283:289 serum creatinine (SCr) changes 260:289 serum creatinine (SCr) changes 260:289 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 3 25 theme bilateral 665:673 arg1 nephrectomy 675:685 bilateral nephrectomy 665:685 bilateral nephrectomy 665:685 sCysC had a faster increase and reached peak levels more rapidly than SCr in both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models. 25143457 0 26 theme sepsis-induced 76:89 arg1 injury 104:109 sepsis-induced acute kidney injury 76:109 sepsis-induced acute kidney injury 76:109 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. 25143457 0 27 theme kidney 97:102 arg1 injury 104:109 sepsis-induced acute kidney injury 76:109 sepsis-induced acute kidney injury 76:109 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. 25143457 0 28 theme serum 35:39 arg1 C 50:50 serum cystatin C 35:50 serum cystatin C 35:50 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. 25143457 13 29 from iGFR 1728:1731 arg1 sepsis 1748:1753 CLP-induced sepsis 1736:1753 CLP-induced sepsis 1736:1753 We conclude that sCysC detects AKI early and better reflects iGFR in CLP-induced sepsis. 25143457 2 30 theme serum 381:385 arg1 sCysC 399:403 sCysC 399:403 sCysC 399:403 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 2 30 theme serum 381:385 arg1 C 396:396 serum cystatin C 381:396 serum cystatin C (sCysC) 381:404 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 11 31 with Mice 1389:1392 arg1 BUN 1419:1421 BUN 1419:1421 BUN 1419:1421 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 11 31 with Mice 1389:1392 arg1 sCysC 1412:1416 above-median sCysC 1399:1416 above-median sCysC 1399:1416 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 11 31 with Mice 1389:1392 arg1 values 1431:1436 SCr values 1427:1436 SCr values 1427:1436 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 0 32 theme serum 14:18 arg1 creatinine 20:29 serum creatinine 14:29 serum creatinine 14:29 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. 25143457 14 33 theme renal 1778:1782 arg1 biomarkers 1784:1793 renal biomarkers 1778:1793 renal biomarkers 1778:1793 This study shows that renal biomarkers need to be evaluated in specific contexts. 25143457 9 34 theme sepsis 1297:1302 arg1 effects 1286:1292 effects 1286:1292 effects of sepsis on SCr 1286:1309 Sepsis decreased sCysC production and increased nonrenal clearance, similar to effects of sepsis on SCr. 25143457 1 35 theme creatinine 266:275 arg1 changes 283:289 serum creatinine (SCr) changes 260:289 serum creatinine (SCr) changes 260:289 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 0 36 theme cystatin 41:48 arg1 C 50:50 serum cystatin C 35:50 serum cystatin C 35:50 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. 25143457 10 37 theme h 1348:1348 arg1 postsepsis 1350:1359 6 h postsepsis 1346:1359 6 h postsepsis to link AKI with mortality 1346:1386 sCysC, SCr, and BUN were measured 6 h postsepsis to link AKI with mortality. 25143457 11 38 with mice 1471:1474 arg1 values 1494:1499 below-median values 1481:1499 below-median values 1481:1499 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 9 39 theme increased 1245:1253 arg1 clearance 1264:1272 increased nonrenal clearance 1245:1272 increased nonrenal clearance 1245:1272 Sepsis decreased sCysC production and increased nonrenal clearance, similar to effects of sepsis on SCr. 25143457 12 40 theme early 1650:1654 arg1 mortality 1656:1664 early mortality 1650:1664 early mortality 1650:1664 sCysC performs similarly to SCr in classifying mice at risk for early mortality. 25143457 6 41 theme sCysC 951:955 arg1 handling 957:964 sCysC handling 951:964 sCysC handling 951:964 We determined the renal contribution to sCysC handling with BiNx. 25143457 11 42 theme substantial 1521:1531 arg1 association 1537:1547 a substantial AKI association 1519:1547 a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model 1519:1583 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 11 43 theme 6 1438:1438 arg1 h 1440:1440 h 1440:1440 h 1440:1440 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 11 44 theme SCr 1427:1429 arg1 values 1431:1436 SCr values 1427:1436 SCr values 1427:1436 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 1 45 theme AKI 221:223 arg1 diagnosis 225:233 AKI diagnosis 221:233 AKI diagnosis 221:233 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 7 46 theme damage 1088:1093 arg1 biomarkers 1095:1104 increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers 1046:1104 increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers 1046:1104 sCysC and SCr were lower post-BiNx/CLP than post-BiNx alone, despite increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers. 25143457 13 47 theme CLP-induced 1736:1746 arg1 sepsis 1748:1753 CLP-induced sepsis 1736:1753 CLP-induced sepsis 1736:1753 We conclude that sCysC detects AKI early and better reflects iGFR in CLP-induced sepsis. 25143457 4 48 theme better 714:719 arg1 sCysC 702:706 sCysC 702:706 sCysC 702:706 sCysC was a better surrogate of iGFR than SCr during sepsis. 25143457 4 48 theme better 714:719 arg1 surrogate 721:729 a better surrogate 712:729 a better surrogate of iGFR 712:737 sCysC was a better surrogate of iGFR than SCr during sepsis. 25143457 11 49 dep sCysC 1412:1416 arg1 postsepsis 1442:1451 6 h postsepsis 1438:1451 6 h postsepsis 1438:1451 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 11 50 theme below-median 1481:1492 arg1 values 1494:1499 below-median values 1481:1499 below-median values 1481:1499 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 1 51 theme Acute 150:154 arg1 injury 163:168 Acute kidney injury 150:168 Acute kidney injury (AKI) 150:174 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 1 51 theme Acute 150:154 arg1 AKI 171:173 AKI 171:173 AKI 171:173 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 2 52 theme cecal 509:513 arg1 ligation 515:522 cecal ligation 509:522 cecal ligation 509:522 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 11 53 theme above-median 1399:1410 arg1 sCysC 1412:1416 above-median sCysC 1399:1416 above-median sCysC 1399:1416 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 11 54 with association 1537:1547 arg1 mortality 1561:1569 sepsis mortality 1554:1569 sepsis mortality in this model 1554:1583 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 5 55 with sCysC 773:777 arg1 values 788:793 SCr values 784:793 SCr values 784:793 Combining sCysC with SCr values into a composite biomarker improved correlation with iGFR better than any biomarker alone or any other combination. 25143457 2 56 theme inulin 445:450 arg1 rate 474:477 inulin glomerular filtration rate 445:477 inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) 445:484 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 2 56 theme inulin 445:450 arg1 iGFR 480:483 iGFR 480:483 iGFR 480:483 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 8 57 theme CysC 1124:1127 arg1 production 1129:1138 CysC production 1124:1138 CysC production in nephrectomized mice 1124:1161 Sepsis decreased CysC production in nephrectomized mice without changing body weight or CysC space. 25143457 0 58 theme CD-1 139:142 arg1 mice 144:147 CD-1 mice 139:147 CD-1 mice 139:147 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. 25143457 3 59 contain had 578:580 arg2 increase 591:598 a faster increase 582:598 a faster increase 582:598 sCysC had a faster increase and reached peak levels more rapidly than SCr in both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models. 25143457 3 59 contain had 578:580 arg1 sCysC 572:576 sCysC 572:576 sCysC 572:576 sCysC had a faster increase and reached peak levels more rapidly than SCr in both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models. 25143457 2 60 theme filtration 463:472 arg1 rate 474:477 inulin glomerular filtration rate 445:477 inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) 445:484 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 2 60 theme filtration 463:472 arg1 iGFR 480:483 iGFR 480:483 iGFR 480:483 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 5 61 theme other 892:896 arg1 combination 898:908 any other combination 888:908 any other combination 888:908 Combining sCysC with SCr values into a composite biomarker improved correlation with iGFR better than any biomarker alone or any other combination. 25143457 1 62 theme sepsis 199:204 arg1 mortality 206:214 sepsis mortality 199:214 sepsis mortality 199:214 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 11 63 theme sepsis 1554:1559 arg1 mortality 1561:1569 sepsis mortality 1554:1569 sepsis mortality in this model 1554:1583 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 7 64 theme increased 1046:1054 arg1 biomarkers 1095:1104 increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers 1046:1104 increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers 1046:1104 sCysC and SCr were lower post-BiNx/CLP than post-BiNx alone, despite increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers. 25143457 2 65 from sepsis 551:556 arg1 mice 566:569 CD-1 mice 561:569 CD-1 mice 561:569 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 3 66 theme BiNx 688:691 arg1 models 694:699 both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models 649:699 both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models 649:699 sCysC had a faster increase and reached peak levels more rapidly than SCr in both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models. 25143457 0 67 theme acute 91:95 arg1 injury 104:109 sepsis-induced acute kidney injury 76:109 sepsis-induced acute kidney injury 76:109 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. 25143457 14 68 theme specific 1819:1826 arg1 contexts 1828:1835 specific contexts 1819:1835 specific contexts 1819:1835 This study shows that renal biomarkers need to be evaluated in specific contexts. 25143457 8 69 theme CysC 1195:1198 arg1 space 1200:1204 CysC space 1195:1204 CysC space 1195:1204 Sepsis decreased CysC production in nephrectomized mice without changing body weight or CysC space. 25143457 3 70 theme nephrectomy 675:685 arg1 models 694:699 both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models 649:699 both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models 649:699 sCysC had a faster increase and reached peak levels more rapidly than SCr in both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models. 25143457 5 71 theme composite 802:810 arg1 biomarker 812:820 a composite biomarker 800:820 a composite biomarker 800:820 Combining sCysC with SCr values into a composite biomarker improved correlation with iGFR better than any biomarker alone or any other combination. 25143457 2 72 theme urea 422:425 arg1 nitrogen 427:434 blood urea nitrogen 416:434 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 416:440 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 2 72 theme urea 422:425 arg1 BUN 437:439 BUN 437:439 BUN 437:439 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 1 73 theme decreased 308:316 arg1 production 329:338 decreased creatinine production 308:338 decreased creatinine production 308:338 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 2 74 theme cystatin 387:394 arg1 sCysC 399:403 sCysC 399:403 sCysC 399:403 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 2 74 theme cystatin 387:394 arg1 C 396:396 serum cystatin C 381:396 serum cystatin C (sCysC) 381:404 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 2 75 theme -induced 542:549 arg1 sepsis 551:556 -induced sepsis 542:556 -induced sepsis in CD-1 mice 542:569 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 1 76 from part 299:302 arg1 due 292:294 due 292:294 due 292:294 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 9 77 from effects 1286:1292 arg1 SCr 1307:1309 SCr 1307:1309 SCr 1307:1309 Sepsis decreased sCysC production and increased nonrenal clearance, similar to effects of sepsis on SCr. 25143457 5 78 theme SCr 784:786 arg1 values 788:793 SCr values 784:793 SCr values 784:793 Combining sCysC with SCr values into a composite biomarker improved correlation with iGFR better than any biomarker alone or any other combination. 25143457 1 79 from due 292:294 arg1 part 299:302 part 299:302 part 299:302 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 1 80 theme serum 260:264 arg1 SCr 278:280 SCr 278:280 SCr 278:280 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 1 80 theme serum 260:264 arg1 creatinine 266:275 serum creatinine 260:275 serum creatinine (SCr) changes 260:289 Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. 25143457 2 81 theme experimental 348:359 arg1 sepsis 361:366 experimental sepsis 348:366 experimental sepsis 348:366 During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3-18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. 25143457 0 82 theme C 50:50 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers 0:64 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. 25143457 9 83 theme sCysC 1224:1228 arg1 production 1230:1239 sCysC production 1224:1239 sCysC production 1224:1239 Sepsis decreased sCysC production and increased nonrenal clearance, similar to effects of sepsis on SCr. 25143457 11 84 theme AKI 1533:1535 arg1 association 1537:1547 a substantial AKI association 1519:1547 a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model 1519:1583 Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. 25143457 0 85 from mortality 126:134 arg1 mice 144:147 CD-1 mice 139:147 CD-1 mice 139:147 Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice. 25143457 10 86 theme 6 1346:1346 arg1 h 1348:1348 h 1348:1348 h 1348:1348 sCysC, SCr, and BUN were measured 6 h postsepsis to link AKI with mortality. 25143457 9 87 theme nonrenal 1255:1262 arg1 clearance 1264:1272 increased nonrenal clearance 1245:1272 increased nonrenal clearance 1245:1272 Sepsis decreased sCysC production and increased nonrenal clearance, similar to effects of sepsis on SCr. 28083992 9 0 theme improved 1957:1964 arg1 outcome 1966:1972 an improved outcome 1954:1972 an improved outcome 1954:1972 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 1 1 theme native 366:371 arg1 cartilage 373:381 native cartilage 366:381 native cartilage 366:381 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 1 2 theme distinct 269:276 arg1 composition 278:288 a distinct composition 267:288 a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix 267:316 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 0 3 theme matrix 100:105 arg1 distribution 107:118 cartilage matrix distribution 90:118 cartilage matrix distribution 90:118 Peptide-functionalized starPEG/heparin hydrogels direct mitogenicity, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 3 4 theme tunable 744:750 arg1 poly 802:805 tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly 744:805 a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel 742:849 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 3 4 theme tunable 744:750 arg1 glycol 816:821 ethylene glycol 807:821 ethylene glycol 807:821 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 3 4 theme tunable 744:750 arg1 starPEG 825:831 starPEG 825:831 starPEG 825:831 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 6 5 theme cell 1391:1394 arg1 spreading 1396:1404 cell spreading 1391:1404 cell spreading 1391:1404 RGD-modification of the gels promoted cell spreading with intense cell network formation without negative effects on chondrogenesis. 28083992 10 6 dep & 2003:2003 arg1 Sons 2005:2008 Sons 2005:2008 Sons 2005:2008 Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 28083992 1 7 theme promising 177:185 arg1 approach 187:194 a promising approach 175:194 a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions 175:225 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 1 7 theme promising 177:185 arg1 engineering 160:170 Cell-based tissue engineering 142:170 Cell-based tissue engineering 142:170 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 6 8 from effects 1459:1465 arg1 chondrogenesis 1470:1483 chondrogenesis 1470:1483 chondrogenesis 1470:1483 RGD-modification of the gels promoted cell spreading with intense cell network formation without negative effects on chondrogenesis. 28083992 9 9 theme MMP-degradable 1770:1783 arg1 starPEG 1785:1791 heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG 1753:1791 heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG 1753:1791 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 4 10 theme stromal 1138:1144 arg1 MSC 1153:1155 MSC 1153:1155 MSC 1153:1155 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 4 10 theme stromal 1138:1144 arg1 cells 1146:1150 mesenchymal stromal cells 1126:1150 mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) 1126:1156 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 3 11 theme regeneration 864:875 arg1 parameters 877:886 cartilage regeneration parameters 854:886 cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo 854:907 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 4 12 theme CKLER 1029:1033 arg1 peptides 1055:1062 RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides 1024:1062 peptides 1055:1062 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 3 13 dep tunable 744:750 arg1 -responsive 780:790 -responsive 780:790 -responsive 780:790 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 6 14 theme gels 1377:1380 arg1 RGD-modification 1353:1368 RGD-modification 1353:1368 RGD-modification of the gels 1353:1380 RGD-modification of the gels promoted cell spreading with intense cell network formation without negative effects on chondrogenesis. 28083992 3 15 theme multi-arm 792:800 arg1 poly 802:805 tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly 744:805 a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel 742:849 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 3 15 theme multi-arm 792:800 arg1 glycol 816:821 ethylene glycol 807:821 ethylene glycol 807:821 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 3 15 theme multi-arm 792:800 arg1 starPEG 825:831 starPEG 825:831 starPEG 825:831 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 9 16 theme cartilage 1849:1857 arg1 distribution 1866:1877 cartilage matrix distribution 1849:1877 cartilage matrix distribution 1849:1877 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 3 17 dep adhesion-binding 638:653 arg1 RGD 674:676 GCWGGRGDSP called RGD 656:676 GCWGGRGDSP called RGD 656:676 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 4 18 theme Michael 1086:1092 arg1 addition 1099:1106 Michael type addition 1086:1106 Michael type addition 1086:1106 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 7 19 theme constructs 1560:1569 arg1 content 1549:1555 the collagen content 1536:1555 the collagen content of constructs 1536:1569 However, CKLER and CWYRGRL were unable to enhance the collagen content of constructs. 28083992 9 20 theme matrix 1859:1864 arg1 distribution 1866:1877 cartilage matrix distribution 1849:1877 cartilage matrix distribution 1849:1877 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 7 21 theme collagen 1540:1547 arg1 content 1549:1555 the collagen content 1536:1555 the collagen content of constructs 1536:1569 However, CKLER and CWYRGRL were unable to enhance the collagen content of constructs. 28083992 0 22 theme starPEG/heparin 23:37 arg1 hydrogels 39:47 Peptide-functionalized starPEG/heparin hydrogels 0:47 Peptide-functionalized starPEG/heparin hydrogels 0:47 Peptide-functionalized starPEG/heparin hydrogels direct mitogenicity, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 8 23 theme MMP-responsive 1668:1681 arg1 constructs 1683:1692 the MMP-responsive constructs 1664:1692 the MMP-responsive constructs 1664:1692 RGD-modification allowed more even collagen type II distribution by chondrocytes throughout the MMP-responsive constructs, especially in vivo. 28083992 9 24 theme cell 1829:1832 arg1 morphology 1834:1843 cell morphology 1829:1843 cell morphology 1829:1843 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 2 25 theme tissue 555:560 arg1 regeneration 562:573 tissue regeneration 555:573 tissue regeneration 555:573 To achieve fully functional tissue replacement more rationally designed biomaterials may be needed, introducing bioactive molecules which modulate cell behavior and guide tissue regeneration. 28083992 3 26 theme cell-instructive 620:635 arg1 peptides 716:723 cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides 620:723 cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides 620:723 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 9 27 theme chondrocyte-based 1905:1921 arg1 regeneration 1933:1944 chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration 1905:1944 chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration 1905:1944 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 0 28 theme Peptide-functionalized 0:21 arg1 hydrogels 39:47 Peptide-functionalized starPEG/heparin hydrogels 0:47 Peptide-functionalized starPEG/heparin hydrogels 0:47 Peptide-functionalized starPEG/heparin hydrogels direct mitogenicity, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 1 29 theme extracellular 297:309 arg1 matrix 311:316 the extracellular matrix 293:316 the extracellular matrix 293:316 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 3 30 theme ethylene 807:814 arg1 poly 802:805 tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly 744:805 a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel 742:849 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 3 30 theme ethylene 807:814 arg1 glycol 816:821 ethylene glycol 807:821 ethylene glycol 807:821 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 2 31 theme tissue 412:417 arg1 replacement 419:429 fully functional tissue replacement 395:429 fully functional tissue replacement 395:429 To achieve fully functional tissue replacement more rationally designed biomaterials may be needed, introducing bioactive molecules which modulate cell behavior and guide tissue regeneration. 28083992 8 32 theme type 1616:1619 arg1 distribution 1624:1635 more even collagen type II distribution 1597:1635 more even collagen type II distribution 1597:1635 RGD-modification allowed more even collagen type II distribution by chondrocytes throughout the MMP-responsive constructs, especially in vivo. 28083992 1 33 theme matrix 311:316 arg1 composition 278:288 a distinct composition 267:288 a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix 267:316 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 1 33 theme matrix 311:316 arg1 property 345:352 an inferior mechanical property 322:352 an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage 322:381 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 4 34 theme CWYRGRL 1036:1042 arg1 peptides 1055:1062 RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides 1024:1062 peptides 1055:1062 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 3 35 theme poly 802:805 arg1 hydrogel 842:849 a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel 742:849 a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel 742:849 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 6 36 theme negative 1450:1457 arg1 effects 1459:1465 negative effects 1450:1465 negative effects on chondrogenesis 1450:1483 RGD-modification of the gels promoted cell spreading with intense cell network formation without negative effects on chondrogenesis. 28083992 8 37 theme collagen 1607:1614 arg1 distribution 1624:1635 more even collagen type II distribution 1597:1635 more even collagen type II distribution 1597:1635 RGD-modification allowed more even collagen type II distribution by chondrocytes throughout the MMP-responsive constructs, especially in vivo. 28083992 2 38 theme cell 531:534 arg1 behavior 536:543 cell behavior 531:543 cell behavior 531:543 To achieve fully functional tissue replacement more rationally designed biomaterials may be needed, introducing bioactive molecules which modulate cell behavior and guide tissue regeneration. 28083992 5 39 theme ACAN 1276:1279 arg1 induction 1281:1289 ACAN induction 1276:1289 ACAN induction 1276:1289 While starPEG/heparin-hydrogel strongly supported chondrogenesis of MSC according to COL2A1, BGN and ACAN induction, MMP-degradability enhanced cell viability and proliferation. 28083992 3 40 theme peptides 716:723 arg1 impact 610:615 the impact 606:615 the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo 606:907 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 3 41 theme GCWGGRGDSP 656:665 arg1 RGD 674:676 GCWGGRGDSP called RGD 656:676 GCWGGRGDSP called RGD 656:676 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 1 42 theme cartilage 209:217 arg1 lesions 219:225 cartilage lesions 209:225 cartilage lesions 209:225 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 1 43 theme inferior 325:332 arg1 property 345:352 an inferior mechanical property 322:352 an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage 322:381 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 4 44 theme RGD 1024:1026 arg1 peptides 1055:1062 RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides 1024:1062 peptides 1055:1062 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 2 45 dep designed 447:454 arg1 replacement 419:429 fully functional tissue replacement 395:429 fully functional tissue replacement 395:429 To achieve fully functional tissue replacement more rationally designed biomaterials may be needed, introducing bioactive molecules which modulate cell behavior and guide tissue regeneration. 28083992 1 46 theme available 232:240 arg1 strategies 242:251 available strategies 232:251 available strategies 232:251 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 4 47 theme type 1094:1097 arg1 addition 1099:1106 Michael type addition 1086:1106 Michael type addition 1086:1106 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 1 48 theme mechanical 334:343 arg1 property 345:352 an inferior mechanical property 322:352 an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage 322:381 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 6 49 theme network 1424:1430 arg1 formation 1432:1440 intense cell network formation 1411:1440 intense cell network formation 1411:1440 RGD-modification of the gels promoted cell spreading with intense cell network formation without negative effects on chondrogenesis. 28083992 3 50 theme adhesion-binding 638:653 arg1 peptides 716:723 cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides 620:723 cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides 620:723 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 9 51 theme cartilage 1923:1931 arg1 regeneration 1933:1944 chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration 1905:1944 chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration 1905:1944 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 0 52 theme cell 70:73 arg1 morphology 75:84 cell morphology 70:84 cell morphology 70:84 Peptide-functionalized starPEG/heparin hydrogels direct mitogenicity, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 6 53 theme cell 1419:1422 arg1 formation 1432:1440 intense cell network formation 1411:1440 intense cell network formation 1411:1440 RGD-modification of the gels promoted cell spreading with intense cell network formation without negative effects on chondrogenesis. 28083992 8 54 theme even 1602:1605 arg1 distribution 1624:1635 more even collagen type II distribution 1597:1635 more even collagen type II distribution 1597:1635 RGD-modification allowed more even collagen type II distribution by chondrocytes throughout the MMP-responsive constructs, especially in vivo. 28083992 5 55 theme MSC 1243:1245 arg1 chondrogenesis 1225:1238 chondrogenesis 1225:1238 chondrogenesis of MSC 1225:1245 While starPEG/heparin-hydrogel strongly supported chondrogenesis of MSC according to COL2A1, BGN and ACAN induction, MMP-degradability enhanced cell viability and proliferation. 28083992 3 56 from impact 610:615 arg1 parameters 877:886 cartilage regeneration parameters 854:886 cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo 854:907 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 6 57 theme intense 1411:1417 arg1 formation 1432:1440 intense cell network formation 1411:1440 intense cell network formation 1411:1440 RGD-modification of the gels promoted cell spreading with intense cell network formation without negative effects on chondrogenesis. 28083992 8 58 theme more 1597:1600 arg1 distribution 1624:1635 more even collagen type II distribution 1597:1635 more even collagen type II distribution 1597:1635 RGD-modification allowed more even collagen type II distribution by chondrocytes throughout the MMP-responsive constructs, especially in vivo. 28083992 3 59 theme called 667:672 arg1 RGD 674:676 GCWGGRGDSP called RGD 656:676 GCWGGRGDSP called RGD 656:676 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 1 60 theme Cell-based 142:151 arg1 approach 187:194 a promising approach 175:194 a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions 175:225 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 1 60 theme Cell-based 142:151 arg1 engineering 160:170 Cell-based tissue engineering 142:170 Cell-based tissue engineering 142:170 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 5 61 theme cell 1319:1322 arg1 viability 1324:1332 cell viability 1319:1332 cell viability 1319:1332 While starPEG/heparin-hydrogel strongly supported chondrogenesis of MSC according to COL2A1, BGN and ACAN induction, MMP-degradability enhanced cell viability and proliferation. 28083992 3 62 dep collagen-binding 683:698 arg1 CKLER/CWYRGRL 701:713 CKLER/CWYRGRL 701:713 CKLER/CWYRGRL 701:713 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 3 63 theme collagen-binding 683:698 arg1 peptides 716:723 cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides 620:723 cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides 620:723 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 1 64 theme tissue 153:158 arg1 approach 187:194 a promising approach 175:194 a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions 175:225 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 1 64 theme tissue 153:158 arg1 engineering 160:170 Cell-based tissue engineering 142:170 Cell-based tissue engineering 142:170 Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. 28083992 4 65 theme cysteine 949:956 arg1 termini 958:964 cysteine termini 949:964 cysteine termini 949:964 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 3 66 theme cartilage 854:862 arg1 parameters 877:886 cartilage regeneration parameters 854:886 cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo 854:907 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 0 67 theme cartilage 90:98 arg1 distribution 107:118 cartilage matrix distribution 90:118 cartilage matrix distribution 90:118 Peptide-functionalized starPEG/heparin hydrogels direct mitogenicity, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 2 68 theme designed 447:454 arg1 biomaterials 456:467 fully functional tissue replacement more rationally designed biomaterials 395:467 fully functional tissue replacement more rationally designed biomaterials 395:467 To achieve fully functional tissue replacement more rationally designed biomaterials may be needed, introducing bioactive molecules which modulate cell behavior and guide tissue regeneration. 28083992 9 69 theme heparin-enriched 1753:1768 arg1 starPEG 1785:1791 heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG 1753:1791 heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG 1753:1791 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 2 70 theme functional 401:410 arg1 replacement 419:429 fully functional tissue replacement 395:429 fully functional tissue replacement 395:429 To achieve fully functional tissue replacement more rationally designed biomaterials may be needed, introducing bioactive molecules which modulate cell behavior and guide tissue regeneration. 28083992 4 71 with MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates 910:942 arg1 heparin-maleimide 970:986 heparin-maleimide 970:986 heparin-maleimide 970:986 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 4 71 with MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates 910:942 arg1 termini 958:964 cysteine termini 949:964 cysteine termini 949:964 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 3 72 theme /heparin 833:840 arg1 hydrogel 842:849 a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel 742:849 a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel 742:849 This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. 28083992 4 73 theme control 1047:1053 arg1 peptides 1055:1062 RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides 1024:1062 peptides 1055:1062 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 9 74 theme self-renewal 1815:1826 arg1 morphology 1834:1843 cell morphology 1829:1843 cell morphology 1829:1843 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 9 74 theme self-renewal 1815:1826 arg1 adjustment 1801:1810 adjustment 1801:1810 adjustment of self-renewal 1801:1826 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 9 74 theme self-renewal 1815:1826 arg1 distribution 1866:1877 cartilage matrix distribution 1849:1877 cartilage matrix distribution 1849:1877 Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. 28083992 2 75 theme bioactive 496:504 arg1 molecules 506:514 bioactive molecules 496:514 bioactive molecules which modulate cell behavior and guide tissue regeneration 496:573 To achieve fully functional tissue replacement more rationally designed biomaterials may be needed, introducing bioactive molecules which modulate cell behavior and guide tissue regeneration. 28083992 4 76 theme mesenchymal 1126:1136 arg1 MSC 1153:1155 MSC 1153:1155 MSC 1153:1155 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 28083992 4 76 theme mesenchymal 1126:1136 arg1 cells 1146:1150 mesenchymal stromal cells 1126:1150 mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) 1126:1156 MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. 26162072 0 0 theme Naive 136:140 arg1 Mice 160:163 Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice 136:163 Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice 136:163 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 4 1 from proteomics 910:919 arg1 level 997:1001 mRNA level 992:1001 mRNA level 992:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 7 2 theme barrier 1461:1467 arg1 function 1469:1476 barrier function 1461:1476 barrier function 1461:1476 Clca1 is not required for mucus synthesis, structure and barrier function in the murine colon. 26162072 1 3 with diseases 283:290 arg1 overproduction 303:316 mucus overproduction 297:316 mucus overproduction 297:316 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 0 4 theme DSS-Challenged 145:158 arg1 Mice 160:163 Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice 136:163 Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice 136:163 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 4 5 theme Clca1-deficient 781:795 arg1 mice 819:822 Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice 781:822 Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice 781:822 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 3 6 theme points 696:701 arg1 sulfate 726:732 dextran sodium sulfate 711:732 dextran sodium sulfate 711:732 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 3 6 theme points 696:701 arg1 conditions 746:755 naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions 670:755 naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions 670:755 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 3 7 dep synthesis 545:553 arg1 the 541:543 the 541:543 the 541:543 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 3 8 theme various 683:689 arg1 points 696:701 various time points 683:701 various time points of DSS 683:708 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 0 9 theme Mucus 85:89 arg1 Synthesis 91:99 Intestinal Mucus Synthesis 74:99 Intestinal Mucus Synthesis 74:99 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 4 10 theme protein 884:890 arg1 composition 892:902 the mucus protein composition 874:902 the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level 874:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 2 11 located found 383:387 arg1 mucus 396:400 the mucus 392:400 the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component 392:495 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 2 11 located found 383:387 arg2 Clca1 374:378 Clca1 374:378 Clca1 374:378 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 2 11 located found 383:387 arg1 intestine 364:372 the intestine 360:372 the intestine 360:372 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 3 12 theme dextran 711:717 arg1 sulfate 726:732 dextran sodium sulfate 711:732 dextran sodium sulfate 711:732 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 3 12 theme dextran 711:717 arg1 conditions 746:755 naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions 670:755 naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions 670:755 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 1 13 theme chloride 215:222 arg1 calcium-activated-1 243:261 calcium-activated-1 243:261 calcium-activated-1 243:261 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 1 13 theme chloride 215:222 arg1 regulator 232:240 chloride channel regulator 215:240 chloride channel regulator 215:240 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 4 14 from phenotype 768:776 arg1 mice 819:822 Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice 781:822 Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice 781:822 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 7 15 from function 1469:1476 arg1 colon 1492:1496 the murine colon 1481:1496 the murine colon 1481:1496 Clca1 is not required for mucus synthesis, structure and barrier function in the murine colon. 26162072 3 16 theme DSS 706:708 arg1 points 696:701 various time points 683:701 various time points of DSS 683:708 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 5 17 theme Mucus 1004:1008 arg1 integrity 1018:1026 Mucus barrier integrity 1004:1026 Mucus barrier integrity 1004:1026 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 26162072 3 18 theme -challenged 734:744 arg1 sulfate 726:732 dextran sodium sulfate 711:732 dextran sodium sulfate 711:732 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 3 18 theme -challenged 734:744 arg1 conditions 746:755 naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions 670:755 naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions 670:755 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 3 19 theme barrier 569:575 arg1 function 577:584 barrier function 569:584 barrier function 569:584 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 2 20 theme similar 443:449 arg1 pattern 435:441 an abundance and expression pattern 407:441 pattern 435:441 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 2 21 theme structural 470:479 arg1 Muc2 454:457 Muc2 454:457 Muc2 454:457 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 2 21 theme structural 470:479 arg1 component 487:495 the major structural mucus component 460:495 the major structural mucus component 460:495 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 6 22 theme steady 1346:1351 arg1 state 1353:1357 steady state or DSS-challenged conditions 1346:1386 state 1353:1357 All of these assays revealed no relevant differences between wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under steady state or DSS-challenged conditions in mouse colon. 26162072 5 23 theme penetration 1074:1084 arg1 analysis 1052:1059 analysis 1052:1059 analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus 1052:1099 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 26162072 4 24 theme selected 968:975 arg1 genes 983:987 selected mucin genes 968:987 selected mucin genes on mRNA level 968:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 4 25 theme mRNA 992:995 arg1 level 997:1001 mRNA level 992:1001 mRNA level 992:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 0 26 theme Cell 11:14 arg1 Gob-5 47:51 Alias mClca3 or Gob-5 31:51 Gob-5 47:51 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 0 26 theme Cell 11:14 arg1 Clca1 24:28 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 0:28 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) 0:52 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 0 26 theme Cell 11:14 arg1 mClca3 37:42 Alias mClca3 or Gob-5 31:51 mClca3 37:42 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 2 27 theme expression 424:433 arg1 pattern 435:441 an abundance and expression pattern 407:441 pattern 435:441 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 3 28 theme mucus 600:604 arg1 structure 556:564 structure 556:564 structure 556:564 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 3 28 theme mucus 600:604 arg1 function 577:584 barrier function 569:584 barrier function 569:584 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 3 28 theme mucus 600:604 arg1 synthesis 545:553 synthesis 545:553 synthesis 545:553 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 4 29 from genes 983:987 arg1 level 997:1001 mRNA level 992:1001 mRNA level 992:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 2 30 theme mucus 481:485 arg1 Muc2 454:457 Muc2 454:457 Muc2 454:457 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 2 30 theme mucus 481:485 arg1 component 487:495 the major structural mucus component 460:495 the major structural mucus component 460:495 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 2 31 theme abundance 410:418 arg1 pattern 435:441 an abundance and expression pattern 407:441 pattern 435:441 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 0 32 theme Alias 31:35 arg1 Clca1 24:28 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 0:28 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) 0:52 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 0 32 theme Alias 31:35 arg1 mClca3 37:42 Alias mClca3 or Gob-5 31:51 mClca3 37:42 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 3 33 theme wild 629:632 arg1 type 634:637 wild type 629:637 wild type 629:637 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 1 34 dep secreted 170:177 arg1 cell-derived 187:198 cell-derived 187:198 cell-derived 187:198 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 4 35 from analysis 956:963 arg1 level 997:1001 mRNA level 992:1001 mRNA level 992:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 5 36 dep analysis 1052:1059 arg1 analysis 1149:1156 combined analysis 1140:1156 combined analysis of the fecal microbiota 1140:1180 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 26162072 5 37 theme mucus 1211:1215 arg1 penetrability 1217:1229 mucus penetrability 1211:1229 mucus penetrability using beads 1211:1241 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 26162072 4 38 theme genes 983:987 arg1 proteomics 910:919 proteomics 910:919 proteomics 910:919 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 4 38 theme genes 983:987 arg1 immunofluorescence 922:939 immunofluorescence 922:939 immunofluorescence 922:939 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 4 38 theme genes 983:987 arg1 analysis 956:963 expression analysis 945:963 expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level 945:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 5 39 theme microbiota 1171:1180 arg1 analysis 1149:1156 combined analysis 1140:1156 combined analysis of the fecal microbiota 1140:1180 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 26162072 4 40 theme wild 809:812 arg1 type 814:817 wild type 809:817 wild type 809:817 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 0 41 from Function 124:131 arg1 Mice 160:163 Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice 136:163 Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice 136:163 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 1 42 theme channel 224:230 arg1 calcium-activated-1 243:261 calcium-activated-1 243:261 calcium-activated-1 243:261 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 1 42 theme channel 224:230 arg1 regulator 232:240 chloride channel regulator 215:240 chloride channel regulator 215:240 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 6 43 theme mouse 1391:1395 arg1 colon 1397:1401 mouse colon 1391:1401 mouse colon 1391:1401 All of these assays revealed no relevant differences between wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under steady state or DSS-challenged conditions in mouse colon. 26162072 7 44 theme mucus 1430:1434 arg1 synthesis 1436:1444 mucus synthesis 1430:1444 mucus synthesis 1430:1444 Clca1 is not required for mucus synthesis, structure and barrier function in the murine colon. 26162072 3 45 theme naive 670:674 arg1 sulfate 726:732 dextran sodium sulfate 711:732 dextran sodium sulfate 711:732 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 3 45 theme naive 670:674 arg1 conditions 746:755 naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions 670:755 naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions 670:755 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 1 46 attach linked 273:278 arg1 asthma 329:334 asthma 329:334 asthma 329:334 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 1 46 attach linked 273:278 arg1 fibrosis 347:354 cystic fibrosis 340:354 cystic fibrosis 340:354 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 1 46 attach linked 273:278 arg2 Clca1 208:212 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 166:212 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) 166:262 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 1 46 attach linked 273:278 arg1 diseases 283:290 diseases 283:290 diseases 283:290 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 7 47 from synthesis 1436:1444 arg1 colon 1492:1496 the murine colon 1481:1496 the murine colon 1481:1496 Clca1 is not required for mucus synthesis, structure and barrier function in the murine colon. 26162072 6 48 theme Clca1-deficient 1319:1333 arg1 mice 1335:1338 Clca1-deficient mice 1319:1338 Clca1-deficient mice 1319:1338 All of these assays revealed no relevant differences between wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under steady state or DSS-challenged conditions in mouse colon. 26162072 7 49 from structure 1447:1455 arg1 colon 1492:1496 the murine colon 1481:1496 the murine colon 1481:1496 Clca1 is not required for mucus synthesis, structure and barrier function in the murine colon. 26162072 3 50 theme time 691:694 arg1 points 696:701 various time points 683:701 various time points of DSS 683:708 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 1 51 theme secreted 170:177 arg1 Clca1 208:212 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 166:212 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) 166:262 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 4 52 theme mucus 878:882 arg1 composition 892:902 the mucus protein composition 874:902 the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level 874:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 3 53 theme sodium 719:724 arg1 sulfate 726:732 dextran sodium sulfate 711:732 dextran sodium sulfate 711:732 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 3 53 theme sodium 719:724 arg1 conditions 746:755 naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions 670:755 naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions 670:755 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 0 54 theme Barrier 116:122 arg1 Function 124:131 Barrier Function 116:131 Barrier Function 116:131 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 6 55 theme relevant 1276:1283 arg1 differences 1285:1295 no relevant differences 1273:1295 no relevant differences between wild type and Clca1-deficient mice 1273:1338 All of these assays revealed no relevant differences between wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under steady state or DSS-challenged conditions in mouse colon. 26162072 5 56 theme barrier 1010:1016 arg1 integrity 1018:1026 Mucus barrier integrity 1004:1026 Mucus barrier integrity 1004:1026 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 26162072 2 57 with mucus 396:400 arg1 pattern 435:441 an abundance and expression pattern 407:441 pattern 435:441 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 0 58 from Structure 102:110 arg1 Mice 160:163 Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice 136:163 Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice 136:163 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 4 59 theme composition 892:902 arg1 assessment 860:869 assessment 860:869 assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level 860:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 6 60 theme DSS-challenged 1362:1375 arg1 conditions 1377:1386 steady state or DSS-challenged conditions 1346:1386 conditions 1377:1386 All of these assays revealed no relevant differences between wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under steady state or DSS-challenged conditions in mouse colon. 26162072 1 61 theme mucus 297:301 arg1 overproduction 303:316 mucus overproduction 297:316 mucus overproduction 297:316 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 4 62 theme expression 945:954 arg1 analysis 956:963 expression analysis 945:963 expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level 945:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 6 63 from conditions 1377:1386 arg1 colon 1397:1401 mouse colon 1391:1401 mouse colon 1391:1401 All of these assays revealed no relevant differences between wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under steady state or DSS-challenged conditions in mouse colon. 26162072 2 64 theme major 464:468 arg1 Muc2 454:457 Muc2 454:457 Muc2 454:457 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 2 64 theme major 464:468 arg1 component 487:495 the major structural mucus component 460:495 the major structural mucus component 460:495 In the intestine Clca1 is found in the mucus with an abundance and expression pattern similar to Muc2, the major structural mucus component. 26162072 0 65 theme Intestinal 74:83 arg1 Synthesis 91:99 Intestinal Mucus Synthesis 74:99 Intestinal Mucus Synthesis 74:99 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 5 66 theme bacterial 1064:1072 arg1 penetration 1074:1084 bacterial penetration 1064:1084 bacterial penetration into the mucus 1064:1099 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 26162072 0 67 theme Goblet 4:9 arg1 Gob-5 47:51 Alias mClca3 or Gob-5 31:51 Gob-5 47:51 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 0 67 theme Goblet 4:9 arg1 Clca1 24:28 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 0:28 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) 0:52 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 0 67 theme Goblet 4:9 arg1 mClca3 37:42 Alias mClca3 or Gob-5 31:51 mClca3 37:42 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 1 68 theme cystic 340:345 arg1 fibrosis 347:354 cystic fibrosis 340:354 cystic fibrosis 340:354 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 1 69 dep Clca1 208:212 arg1 calcium-activated-1 243:261 calcium-activated-1 243:261 calcium-activated-1 243:261 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 1 69 dep Clca1 208:212 arg1 regulator 232:240 chloride channel regulator 215:240 chloride channel regulator 215:240 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 0 70 theme Protein 16:22 arg1 Gob-5 47:51 Alias mClca3 or Gob-5 31:51 Gob-5 47:51 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 0 70 theme Protein 16:22 arg1 Clca1 24:28 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 0:28 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) 0:52 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 0 70 theme Protein 16:22 arg1 mClca3 37:42 Alias mClca3 or Gob-5 31:51 mClca3 37:42 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 4 71 from level 997:1001 arg1 proteomics 910:919 proteomics 910:919 proteomics 910:919 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 4 71 from level 997:1001 arg1 immunofluorescence 922:939 immunofluorescence 922:939 immunofluorescence 922:939 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 4 71 from level 997:1001 arg1 analysis 956:963 expression analysis 945:963 expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level 945:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 3 72 theme intestinal 589:598 arg1 mucus 600:604 intestinal mucus 589:604 intestinal mucus 589:604 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 5 73 theme fecal 1165:1169 arg1 microbiota 1171:1180 the fecal microbiota 1161:1180 the fecal microbiota 1161:1180 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 26162072 1 74 theme protein 200:206 arg1 Clca1 208:212 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 166:212 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) 166:262 The secreted, goblet cell-derived protein Clca1 (chloride channel regulator, calcium-activated-1) has been linked to diseases with mucus overproduction, including asthma and cystic fibrosis. 26162072 5 75 theme sentinel 1124:1131 arg1 organs 1133:1138 sentinel organs 1124:1138 sentinel organs 1124:1138 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 26162072 6 76 from state 1353:1357 arg1 colon 1397:1401 mouse colon 1391:1401 mouse colon 1391:1401 All of these assays revealed no relevant differences between wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under steady state or DSS-challenged conditions in mouse colon. 26162072 4 77 theme mucin 977:981 arg1 genes 983:987 selected mucin genes 968:987 selected mucin genes on mRNA level 968:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 4 78 theme mucus 762:766 arg1 phenotype 768:776 The mucus phenotype 758:776 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice 758:822 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 5 79 theme combined 1140:1147 arg1 analysis 1149:1156 combined analysis 1140:1156 combined analysis of the fecal microbiota 1140:1180 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 26162072 6 80 theme wild 1305:1308 arg1 type 1310:1313 wild type 1305:1313 wild type 1305:1313 All of these assays revealed no relevant differences between wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under steady state or DSS-challenged conditions in mouse colon. 26162072 7 81 theme murine 1485:1490 arg1 colon 1492:1496 the murine colon 1481:1496 the murine colon 1481:1496 Clca1 is not required for mucus synthesis, structure and barrier function in the murine colon. 26162072 0 82 from Synthesis 91:99 arg1 Mice 160:163 Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice 136:163 Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice 136:163 The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice. 26162072 3 83 theme Clca1-deficient 643:657 arg1 mice 659:662 Clca1-deficient mice 643:662 Clca1-deficient mice 643:662 We hypothesized that Clca1 is required for the synthesis, structure or barrier function of intestinal mucus and therefore compared wild type and Clca1-deficient mice under naive and at various time points of DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-challenged conditions. 26162072 4 84 from immunofluorescence 922:939 arg1 level 997:1001 mRNA level 992:1001 mRNA level 992:1001 The mucus phenotype in Clca1-deficient compared to wild type mice was systematically characterized by assessment of the mucus protein composition using proteomics, immunofluorescence and expression analysis of selected mucin genes on mRNA level. 26162072 5 85 theme penetrability 1217:1229 arg1 assessment 1197:1206 assessment 1197:1206 assessment of mucus penetrability using beads 1197:1241 Mucus barrier integrity was assessed in-vivo by analysis of bacterial penetration into the mucus and translocation into sentinel organs combined analysis of the fecal microbiota and ex-vivo by assessment of mucus penetrability using beads. 25006219 8 0 theme major 806:810 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 830:851 diphosphatidylglycerol 830:851 diphosphatidylglycerol 830:851 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 25006219 8 0 theme major 806:810 arg1 lipids 818:823 The major polar lipids 802:823 The major polar lipids 802:823 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 25006219 5 1 theme 16S 568:570 arg1 similarity 591:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 566:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6% 566:609 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 10 2 theme closest 1315:1321 arg1 relatives 1323:1331 five closest relatives 1310:1331 its five closest relatives 1306:1331 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives. 25006219 12 3 theme koreensis 1671:1679 arg1 sp 1681:1682 the name Terrabacter koreensis sp 1650:1682 the name Terrabacter koreensis sp 1650:1682 Therefore the results of this study indicated the existence of a novel species of the genus Terrabacter , for which we propose the name Terrabacter koreensis sp. 25006219 11 4 theme combined 1338:1345 arg1 data 1391:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1334:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1334:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 5 5 theme gene 577:580 arg1 similarity 591:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 566:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6% 566:609 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 2 6 from soil 195:198 arg1 Korea 233:237 Korea 233:237 Korea 233:237 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 6 from soil 195:198 arg1 South 227:231 South 227:231 South 227:231 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 4 7 theme rRNA 352:355 arg1 analysis 371:378 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 348:378 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 348:378 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 11 8 theme recognized 1478:1487 arg1 members 1489:1495 closely related recognized members 1462:1495 closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter 1462:1520 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 12 9 theme name 1654:1657 arg1 sp 1681:1682 the name Terrabacter koreensis sp 1650:1682 the name Terrabacter koreensis sp 1650:1682 Therefore the results of this study indicated the existence of a novel species of the genus Terrabacter , for which we propose the name Terrabacter koreensis sp. 25006219 7 10 theme strain 696:701 arg1 T 711:711 T 711:711 T 711:711 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 7 10 theme strain 696:701 arg1 THG-e54 703:709 strain THG-e54 696:709 strain THG-e54(T) 696:712 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 4 11 theme clear 391:395 arg1 affiliation 397:407 a clear affiliation 389:407 a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter 389:455 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 4 12 theme sequence 362:369 arg1 analysis 371:378 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 348:378 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 348:378 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 10 13 theme DNA-DNA 1180:1186 arg1 experiments 1202:1212 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1180:1212 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1180:1212 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives. 25006219 13 14 theme type 1755:1758 arg1 strain 1760:1765 the type strain 1751:1765 the type strain 1751:1765 nov., with strain THG-e54(T) ( = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342(T)) as the type strain. 25006219 3 15 theme taxonomic 244:252 arg1 position 254:261 The taxonomic position 240:261 The taxonomic position of this bacterium 240:279 The taxonomic position of this bacterium was determined in an investigation based on a polyphasic approach. 25006219 5 16 theme Terrabacter 526:536 arg1 DSM 548:550 Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308 526:556 Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) 526:559 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 5 16 theme Terrabacter 526:536 arg1 T 558:558 T 558:558 T 558:558 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 12 17 theme Terrabacter 1615:1625 arg1 species 1594:1600 a novel species 1586:1600 a novel species 1586:1600 Therefore the results of this study indicated the existence of a novel species of the genus Terrabacter , for which we propose the name Terrabacter koreensis sp. 25006219 4 18 theme genus 439:443 arg1 Terrabacter 445:455 the genus Terrabacter 435:455 the genus Terrabacter 435:455 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 4 19 theme THG-e54 419:425 arg1 affiliation 397:407 a clear affiliation 389:407 a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter 389:455 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 10 20 theme DNA-DNA 1238:1244 arg1 % 1273:1273 less than 35.2% 1259:1273 less than 35.2% 1259:1273 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives. 25006219 10 20 theme DNA-DNA 1238:1244 arg1 relatedness 1246:1256 DNA-DNA relatedness 1238:1256 DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) 1238:1274 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives. 25006219 8 21 theme amino-containing 940:955 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 957:973 an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid 924:973 an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid 924:973 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 25006219 5 22 theme closest 487:493 arg1 relationship 508:519 the closest phylogenetic relationship 483:519 the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6% 483:609 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 1 23 theme flowerbed 56:64 arg1 soil 46:49 soil 46:49 soil of a flowerbed 46:64 nov., isolated from soil of a flowerbed. 25006219 12 24 theme species 1594:1600 arg1 existence 1573:1581 the existence 1569:1581 the existence of a novel species of the genus Terrabacter , for which we propose the name Terrabacter koreensis sp 1569:1682 Therefore the results of this study indicated the existence of a novel species of the genus Terrabacter , for which we propose the name Terrabacter koreensis sp. 25006219 3 25 theme polyphasic 327:336 arg1 approach 338:345 a polyphasic approach 325:345 a polyphasic approach 325:345 The taxonomic position of this bacterium was determined in an investigation based on a polyphasic approach. 25006219 13 26 theme JCM 1734:1736 arg1 T 1744:1744 T 1744:1744 T 1744:1744 nov., with strain THG-e54(T) ( = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342(T)) as the type strain. 25006219 13 26 theme JCM 1734:1736 arg1 19342 1738:1742 = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342 1716:1742 = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342(T) 1716:1745 nov., with strain THG-e54(T) ( = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342(T)) as the type strain. 25006219 13 26 theme JCM 1734:1736 arg1 nov. 1685:1688 nov. 1685:1688 nov. 1685:1688 nov., with strain THG-e54(T) ( = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342(T)) as the type strain. 25006219 4 27 with affiliation 397:407 arg1 Terrabacter 445:455 the genus Terrabacter 435:455 the genus Terrabacter 435:455 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 0 28 theme Terrabacter 0:10 arg1 sp 22:23 Terrabacter koreensis sp 0:23 Terrabacter koreensis sp. 0:24 Terrabacter koreensis sp. 25006219 2 29 from flowerbed 205:213 arg1 Korea 233:237 Korea 233:237 Korea 233:237 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 29 from flowerbed 205:213 arg1 South 227:231 South 227:231 South 227:231 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 7 30 theme cellular 672:679 arg1 iso-C15:0 719:727 iso-C15:0 719:727 iso-C15:0 719:727 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 7 30 theme cellular 672:679 arg1 acids 687:691 The major cellular fatty acids 662:691 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) 662:712 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 9 31 theme cell-wall 1074:1082 arg1 type 1098:1101 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1070:1101 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1070:1101 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was ll-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. 25006219 9 31 theme cell-wall 1074:1082 arg1 acid 1125:1128 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was ll-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. 25006219 10 32 theme strain 1284:1289 arg1 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives. 25006219 10 32 theme strain 1284:1289 arg1 THG-e54 1291:1297 strain THG-e54 1284:1297 strain THG-e54(T) 1284:1300 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives. 25006219 7 33 theme menaquinone 764:774 arg1 H4 797:798 H4 797:798 H4 797:798 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 7 33 theme menaquinone 764:774 arg1 menaquinone 780:790 the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8 748:795 the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4) 748:799 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 8 34 theme polar 812:816 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 830:851 diphosphatidylglycerol 830:851 diphosphatidylglycerol 830:851 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 25006219 8 34 theme polar 812:816 arg1 lipids 818:823 The major polar lipids 802:823 The major polar lipids 802:823 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 25006219 2 35 theme rod-shaped 112:121 arg1 THG-e54 165:171 strain THG-e54 158:171 strain THG-e54(T) 158:174 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 35 theme rod-shaped 112:121 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 9 36 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1107:1123 arg1 type 1098:1101 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1070:1101 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1070:1101 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was ll-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. 25006219 9 36 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1107:1123 arg1 acid 1125:1128 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was ll-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. 25006219 4 37 theme 16S 348:350 arg1 rRNA 352:355 16S rRNA 348:355 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 348:378 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 2 38 theme non-spore-forming 93:109 arg1 THG-e54 165:171 strain THG-e54 158:171 strain THG-e54(T) 158:174 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 38 theme non-spore-forming 93:109 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 5 39 theme rRNA 572:575 arg1 similarity 591:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 566:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6% 566:609 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 11 40 theme related 1470:1476 arg1 members 1489:1495 closely related recognized members 1462:1495 closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter 1462:1520 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 4 41 theme gene 357:360 arg1 analysis 371:378 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 348:378 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 348:378 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 2 42 theme aerobic 139:145 arg1 THG-e54 165:171 strain THG-e54 158:171 strain THG-e54(T) 158:174 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 42 theme aerobic 139:145 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 10 43 theme relatedness 1246:1256 arg1 level 1229:1233 a low level 1223:1233 a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives 1223:1331 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives. 25006219 9 44 theme cell-wall 1138:1146 arg1 glucose 1160:1166 glucose 1160:1166 glucose 1160:1166 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was ll-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. 25006219 9 44 theme cell-wall 1138:1146 arg1 sugars 1148:1153 the cell-wall sugars 1134:1153 the cell-wall sugars 1134:1153 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was ll-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. 25006219 2 45 theme non-motile 124:133 arg1 THG-e54 165:171 strain THG-e54 158:171 strain THG-e54(T) 158:174 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 45 theme non-motile 124:133 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 5 46 with relationship 508:519 arg1 DSM 548:550 Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308 526:556 Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) 526:559 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 5 46 with relationship 508:519 arg1 similarity 591:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 566:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6% 566:609 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 5 46 with relationship 508:519 arg1 T 558:558 T 558:558 T 558:558 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 12 47 theme Terrabacter 1659:1669 arg1 sp 1681:1682 the name Terrabacter koreensis sp 1650:1682 the name Terrabacter koreensis sp 1650:1682 Therefore the results of this study indicated the existence of a novel species of the genus Terrabacter , for which we propose the name Terrabacter koreensis sp. 25006219 5 48 theme % 609:609 arg1 similarity 591:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 566:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6% 566:609 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 7 49 theme THG-e54 703:709 arg1 iso-C15:0 719:727 iso-C15:0 719:727 iso-C15:0 719:727 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 7 49 theme THG-e54 703:709 arg1 acids 687:691 The major cellular fatty acids 662:691 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) 662:712 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 4 50 theme strain 412:417 arg1 T 427:427 T 427:427 T 427:427 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 4 50 theme strain 412:417 arg1 THG-e54 419:425 strain THG-e54 412:425 strain THG-e54(T) 412:428 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54(T) with the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 2 51 theme Gram-staining-positive 69:90 arg1 THG-e54 165:171 strain THG-e54 158:171 strain THG-e54(T) 158:174 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 51 theme Gram-staining-positive 69:90 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 5 52 theme sequence 582:589 arg1 similarity 591:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 566:600 a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6% 566:609 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 10 53 theme hybridization 1188:1200 arg1 experiments 1202:1212 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1180:1212 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1180:1212 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives. 25006219 6 54 theme DNA 643:645 arg1 content 620:626 The G+C content 612:626 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 612:645 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.0 mol%. 25006219 6 54 theme DNA 643:645 arg1 % 659:659 71.0 mol% 651:659 71.0 mol% 651:659 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.0 mol%. 25006219 11 55 theme strain 1408:1413 arg1 T 1423:1423 T 1423:1423 T 1423:1423 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 11 55 theme strain 1408:1413 arg1 THG-e54 1415:1421 strain THG-e54 1408:1421 strain THG-e54(T) 1408:1424 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 2 56 theme flowerbed 205:213 arg1 soil 195:198 soil 195:198 soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea 195:237 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 5 57 theme Strain 458:463 arg1 THG-e54 465:471 Strain THG-e54 458:471 Strain THG-e54(T) 458:474 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 5 57 theme Strain 458:463 arg1 T 473:473 T 473:473 T 473:473 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 2 58 from Korea 233:237 arg1 soil 195:198 soil 195:198 soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea 195:237 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 11 59 theme Terrabacter 1510:1520 arg1 members 1489:1495 closely related recognized members 1462:1495 closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter 1462:1520 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 10 60 theme low 1225:1227 arg1 level 1229:1233 a low level 1223:1233 a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives 1223:1331 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 35.2%) between strain THG-e54(T) and its five closest relatives. 25006219 3 61 theme bacterium 271:279 arg1 position 254:261 The taxonomic position 240:261 The taxonomic position of this bacterium 240:279 The taxonomic position of this bacterium was determined in an investigation based on a polyphasic approach. 25006219 8 62 theme unidentified 927:938 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 957:973 an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid 924:973 an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid 924:973 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 25006219 5 63 theme tumescens 538:546 arg1 DSM 548:550 Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308 526:556 Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) 526:559 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 5 63 theme tumescens 538:546 arg1 T 558:558 T 558:558 T 558:558 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 12 64 theme genus 1609:1613 arg1 Terrabacter 1615:1625 the genus Terrabacter 1605:1625 the genus Terrabacter 1605:1625 Therefore the results of this study indicated the existence of a novel species of the genus Terrabacter , for which we propose the name Terrabacter koreensis sp. 25006219 2 65 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 65 attach isolated 181:188 arg1 soil 195:198 soil 195:198 soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea 195:237 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 65 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 THG-e54 165:171 strain THG-e54 158:171 strain THG-e54(T) 158:174 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 6 66 theme genomic 635:641 arg1 DNA 643:645 the genomic DNA 631:645 the genomic DNA 631:645 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.0 mol%. 25006219 11 67 theme chemotaxonomic 1359:1372 arg1 data 1391:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1334:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1334:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 6 68 theme G+C 616:618 arg1 content 620:626 The G+C content 612:626 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 612:645 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.0 mol%. 25006219 6 68 theme G+C 616:618 arg1 % 659:659 71.0 mol% 651:659 71.0 mol% 651:659 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.0 mol%. 25006219 13 69 theme = 1732:1732 arg1 T 1744:1744 T 1744:1744 T 1744:1744 nov., with strain THG-e54(T) ( = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342(T)) as the type strain. 25006219 13 69 theme = 1732:1732 arg1 19342 1738:1742 = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342 1716:1742 = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342(T) 1716:1745 nov., with strain THG-e54(T) ( = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342(T)) as the type strain. 25006219 13 69 theme = 1732:1732 arg1 nov. 1685:1688 nov. 1685:1688 nov. 1685:1688 nov., with strain THG-e54(T) ( = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342(T)) as the type strain. 25006219 0 70 theme koreensis 12:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Terrabacter koreensis sp 0:23 Terrabacter koreensis sp. 0:24 Terrabacter koreensis sp. 25006219 8 71 theme unidentified 976:987 arg1 phospholipids 989:1001 unidentified phospholipids 976:1001 unidentified phospholipids 976:1001 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 25006219 5 72 theme phylogenetic 495:506 arg1 relationship 508:519 the closest phylogenetic relationship 483:519 the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6% 483:609 Strain THG-e54(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6%. 25006219 12 73 theme novel 1588:1592 arg1 species 1594:1600 a novel species 1586:1600 a novel species 1586:1600 Therefore the results of this study indicated the existence of a novel species of the genus Terrabacter , for which we propose the name Terrabacter koreensis sp. 25006219 13 74 with nov. 1685:1688 arg1 strain 1696:1701 strain THG-e54 1696:1709 strain THG-e54 1696:1709 nov., with strain THG-e54(T) ( = KACC 17589(T) = JCM 19342(T)) as the type strain. 25006219 12 75 theme study 1553:1557 arg1 results 1537:1543 the results 1533:1543 the results of this study 1533:1557 Therefore the results of this study indicated the existence of a novel species of the genus Terrabacter , for which we propose the name Terrabacter koreensis sp. 25006219 11 76 theme phylogenetic 1378:1389 arg1 data 1391:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1334:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1334:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 7 77 theme fatty 681:685 arg1 iso-C15:0 719:727 iso-C15:0 719:727 iso-C15:0 719:727 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 7 77 theme fatty 681:685 arg1 acids 687:691 The major cellular fatty acids 662:691 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) 662:712 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 8 78 theme unidentified 1007:1018 arg1 aminolipid 1020:1029 an unidentified aminolipid 1004:1029 an unidentified aminolipid 1004:1029 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 25006219 2 79 theme strain 158:163 arg1 THG-e54 165:171 strain THG-e54 158:171 strain THG-e54(T) 158:174 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 79 theme strain 158:163 arg1 T 173:173 T 173:173 T 173:173 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 2 79 theme strain 158:163 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 67:155 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54(T), was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. 25006219 6 80 theme mol 656:658 arg1 % 659:659 71.0 mol% 651:659 71.0 mol% 651:659 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.0 mol%. 25006219 6 80 theme mol 656:658 arg1 content 620:626 The G+C content 612:626 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 612:645 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.0 mol%. 25006219 7 81 theme major 666:670 arg1 iso-C15:0 719:727 iso-C15:0 719:727 iso-C15:0 719:727 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 7 81 theme major 666:670 arg1 acids 687:691 The major cellular fatty acids 662:691 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) 662:712 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 11 82 theme genus 1504:1508 arg1 Terrabacter 1510:1520 the genus Terrabacter 1500:1520 the genus Terrabacter 1500:1520 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter. 25006219 7 83 theme was 776:778 arg1 H4 797:798 H4 797:798 H4 797:798 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 7 83 theme was 776:778 arg1 menaquinone 780:790 the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8 748:795 the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4) 748:799 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 9 84 theme peptidoglycan 1084:1096 arg1 type 1098:1101 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1070:1101 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1070:1101 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was ll-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. 25006219 9 84 theme peptidoglycan 1084:1096 arg1 acid 1125:1128 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was ll-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. 25006219 7 85 theme predominant 752:762 arg1 H4 797:798 H4 797:798 H4 797:798 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 7 85 theme predominant 752:762 arg1 menaquinone 780:790 the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8 748:795 the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4) 748:799 The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54(T) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). 25006219 11 86 theme phenotypic 1347:1356 arg1 data 1391:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1334:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1334:1394 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter. 29125459 2 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 122:140 arg1 strain 142:147 A Gram-stain-positive strain 120:147 A Gram-stain-positive strain 120:147 A Gram-stain-positive strain, designated DT7-02T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 29125459 6 1 dep Pseudogracilibacillus 945:965 arg1 marinus 967:973 marinus 967:973 marinus 967:973 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 8 2 theme major 1169:1173 arg1 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 8 2 theme major 1169:1173 arg1 acids 1190:1194 The major cellular fatty acids 1165:1194 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T 1165:1205 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 12 3 theme =KCTC 1682:1686 arg1 31192T 1699:1704 =KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T 1682:1704 =KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T 1682:1704 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 12 3 theme =KCTC 1682:1686 arg1 DT7-02T 1673:1679 strain DT7-02T 1666:1679 strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) 1666:1705 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 6 4 theme Bacillaceae 831:841 arg1 Pseudogracilibacillus 795:815 the genus Pseudogracilibacillus 785:815 the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae 785:841 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 7 5 theme KCTC 1077:1080 arg1 33117T 1082:1087 Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T 1059:1087 Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T 1059:1087 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 12 6 theme novel 1744:1748 arg1 species 1750:1756 a novel species 1742:1756 a novel species 1742:1756 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 4 7 from circular 425:432 arg1 diameter 484:491 diameter 484:491 diameter 484:491 The colonies were circular, pinkish-yellow, opaque, glistering and 1-2 mm in diameter. 29125459 11 8 theme chemotaxonomic 1457:1470 arg1 properties 1472:1481 chemotaxonomic properties 1457:1481 chemotaxonomic properties 1457:1481 The combination of chemotaxonomic properties enabled differentiation of DT7-02T from the other two species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus. 29125459 7 9 theme % 1148:1148 arg1 similarities 1118:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1095:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 % 1095:1148 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 6 10 theme family 824:829 arg1 Bacillaceae 831:841 the family Bacillaceae 820:841 the family Bacillaceae 820:841 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 10 11 theme major 1339:1343 arg1 lipids 1351:1356 The major polar lipids 1335:1356 The major polar lipids 1335:1356 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 29125459 10 11 theme major 1339:1343 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1363:1382 phosphatidylglycerol 1363:1382 phosphatidylglycerol 1363:1382 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 29125459 6 12 theme sequences 725:733 arg1 analysis 699:706 The analysis 695:706 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 695:733 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 6 13 with % 881:881 arg1 P-207T 922:927 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 888:927 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 888:927 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 6 13 with % 881:881 arg1 NIOT-bflm-S4T 975:987 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T 945:987 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T 945:987 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 12 14 theme analyses 1640:1647 arg1 results 1585:1591 The results 1581:1591 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1581:1647 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 7 15 with 22953T 1048:1053 arg1 similarities 1118:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1095:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 % 1095:1148 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 5 16 theme optimum 606:612 arg1 pH 597:598 pH 7-10 597:603 pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) 597:620 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 5 16 theme optimum 606:612 arg1 pH 614:615 optimum pH 8-9 606:619 optimum pH 8-9 606:619 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 6 17 theme gene 720:723 arg1 sequences 725:733 16S rRNA gene sequences 711:733 16S rRNA gene sequences 711:733 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 1 18 theme halophilic 75:84 arg1 species 86:92 a moderately thermophilic and halophilic species 45:92 a moderately thermophilic and halophilic species 45:92 nov., a moderately thermophilic and halophilic species isolated from plant root. 29125459 1 18 theme halophilic 75:84 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., a moderately thermophilic and halophilic species isolated from plant root. 29125459 12 19 theme chemotaxonomic 1625:1638 arg1 analyses 1640:1647 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1596:1647 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1596:1647 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 5 20 theme tryptic 676:682 arg1 broth 688:692 tryptic soy broth 676:692 tryptic soy broth 676:692 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 6 21 theme 16S 711:713 arg1 sequences 725:733 16S rRNA gene sequences 711:733 16S rRNA gene sequences 711:733 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 6 22 theme rRNA 715:718 arg1 sequences 725:733 16S rRNA gene sequences 711:733 16S rRNA gene sequences 711:733 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 8 23 theme fatty 1184:1188 arg1 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 8 23 theme fatty 1184:1188 arg1 acids 1190:1194 The major cellular fatty acids 1165:1194 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T 1165:1205 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 0 24 theme endophyticus 22:33 arg1 sp 35:36 Pseudogracilibacillus endophyticus sp 0:36 Pseudogracilibacillus endophyticus sp. 0:37 Pseudogracilibacillus endophyticus sp. 29125459 6 25 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 795:815 arg1 member 775:780 a member 773:780 a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae 773:841 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 4 26 from diameter 484:491 arg1 colonies 411:418 The colonies 407:418 The colonies 407:418 The colonies were circular, pinkish-yellow, opaque, glistering and 1-2 mm in diameter. 29125459 4 26 from diameter 484:491 arg1 circular 425:432 circular 425:432 circular 425:432 The colonies were circular, pinkish-yellow, opaque, glistering and 1-2 mm in diameter. 29125459 5 27 theme optimum 581:587 arg1 40 °C 589:593 optimum 40 °C 581:593 optimum 40 °C 581:593 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 5 27 theme optimum 581:587 arg1 20-44 °C 571:578 20-44 °C 571:578 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C) 571:594 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 5 28 dep occurred 559:566 arg1 % 670:670 optimum 4 % 660:670 optimum 4 % 660:670 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 8 29 theme DT7-02T 1199:1205 arg1 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 8 29 theme DT7-02T 1199:1205 arg1 acids 1190:1194 The major cellular fatty acids 1165:1194 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T 1165:1205 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 0 30 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 0:20 arg1 sp 35:36 Pseudogracilibacillus endophyticus sp 0:36 Pseudogracilibacillus endophyticus sp. 0:37 Pseudogracilibacillus endophyticus sp. 29125459 6 31 theme auburnensis 910:920 arg1 P-207T 922:927 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 888:927 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 888:927 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 7 32 theme Sinibacillus 1059:1070 arg1 33117T 1082:1087 Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T 1059:1087 Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T 1059:1087 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 6 33 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 888:908 arg1 P-207T 922:927 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 888:927 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 888:927 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 5 34 theme NaCl 654:657 arg1 % 649:649 0-8 % 645:649 0-8 % of NaCl 645:657 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 5 34 theme NaCl 654:657 arg1 NaCl 654:657 NaCl 654:657 NaCl 654:657 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 11 35 theme other 1527:1531 arg1 species 1537:1543 the other two species 1523:1543 the other two species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus 1523:1578 The combination of chemotaxonomic properties enabled differentiation of DT7-02T from the other two species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus. 29125459 1 36 theme plant 108:112 arg1 root 114:117 plant root 108:117 plant root 108:117 nov., a moderately thermophilic and halophilic species isolated from plant root. 29125459 11 37 theme DT7-02T 1510:1516 arg1 differentiation 1491:1505 differentiation 1491:1505 differentiation of DT7-02T 1491:1516 The combination of chemotaxonomic properties enabled differentiation of DT7-02T from the other two species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus. 29125459 9 38 theme DNA 1266:1268 arg1 G+C content 1270:1280 The DNA G+C content 1262:1280 The DNA G+C content 1262:1280 The DNA G+C content was 35.1 mol%, and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 29125459 9 38 theme DNA 1266:1268 arg1 % 1294:1294 35.1 mol% 1286:1294 35.1 mol% 1286:1294 The DNA G+C content was 35.1 mol%, and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 29125459 7 39 theme DSM 1044:1046 arg1 22953T 1048:1053 Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T 1014:1053 Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T 1014:1053 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 6 40 theme genus 789:793 arg1 Pseudogracilibacillus 795:815 the genus Pseudogracilibacillus 785:815 the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae 785:841 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 8 41 dep anteiso-C15  1212:1223 arg1  0 1242:1243  0 1242:1243  0 1242:1243 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 8 41 dep anteiso-C15  1212:1223 arg1 iso-C16  1249:1256 iso-C16  1249:1256 iso-C16  1249:1256 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 8 41 dep anteiso-C15  1212:1223 arg1  0 1225:1226  0 1225:1226  0 1225:1226 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 8 41 dep anteiso-C15  1212:1223 arg1  0 1258:1259  0 1258:1259  0 1258:1259 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 7 42 theme gene 1104:1107 arg1 similarities 1118:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1095:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 % 1095:1148 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 5 43 theme optimum 660:666 arg1 % 670:670 optimum 4 % 660:670 optimum 4 % 660:670 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 12 44 theme phenotypic 1610:1619 arg1 analyses 1640:1647 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1596:1647 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1596:1647 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 7 45 theme sequence 1109:1116 arg1 similarities 1118:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1095:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 % 1095:1148 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 5 46 theme 4  668:669 arg1 % 670:670 optimum 4 % 660:670 optimum 4 % 660:670 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 9 47 theme respiratory 1305:1315 arg1 MK-7 1329:1332 MK-7 1329:1332 MK-7 1329:1332 The DNA G+C content was 35.1 mol%, and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 29125459 9 47 theme respiratory 1305:1315 arg1 quinone 1317:1323 the respiratory quinone 1301:1323 the respiratory quinone 1301:1323 The DNA G+C content was 35.1 mol%, and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 29125459 11 48 theme genus 1552:1556 arg1 Pseudogracilibacillus 1558:1578 the genus Pseudogracilibacillus 1548:1578 the genus Pseudogracilibacillus 1548:1578 The combination of chemotaxonomic properties enabled differentiation of DT7-02T from the other two species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus. 29125459 2 49 attach isolated 174:181 arg1 root 211:214 the surface-sterilized root 188:214 the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) 188:253 A Gram-stain-positive strain, designated DT7-02T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 29125459 2 49 attach isolated 174:181 arg2 strain 142:147 A Gram-stain-positive strain 120:147 A Gram-stain-positive strain 120:147 A Gram-stain-positive strain, designated DT7-02T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 29125459 7 50 theme 16S 1095:1097 arg1 rRNA 1099:1102 16S rRNA 1095:1102 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 % 1095:1148 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 9 51 theme 35.1 mol 1286:1293 arg1 G+C content 1270:1280 The DNA G+C content 1262:1280 The DNA G+C content 1262:1280 The DNA G+C content was 35.1 mol%, and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 29125459 9 51 theme 35.1 mol 1286:1293 arg1 % 1294:1294 35.1 mol% 1286:1294 35.1 mol% 1286:1294 The DNA G+C content was 35.1 mol%, and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 29125459 7 52 theme related 996:1002 arg1 taxa 1004:1007 Other related taxa 990:1007 Other related taxa 990:1007 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 2 53 theme evening 237:243 arg1 primrose 245:252 evening primrose 237:252 evening primrose 237:252 A Gram-stain-positive strain, designated DT7-02T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 29125459 2 53 theme evening 237:243 arg1 Oenotherabiennis 219:234 Oenotherabiennis 219:234 Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) 219:253 A Gram-stain-positive strain, designated DT7-02T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 29125459 5 54 theme % 649:649 arg1 presence 633:640 the presence 629:640 the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl 629:657 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 7 55 theme Ornithinibacillus 1014:1030 arg1 22953T 1048:1053 Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T 1014:1053 Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T 1014:1053 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 7 56 theme rRNA 1099:1102 arg1 similarities 1118:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1095:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 % 1095:1148 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 2 57 theme Oenotherabiennis 219:234 arg1 root 211:214 the surface-sterilized root 188:214 the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) 188:253 A Gram-stain-positive strain, designated DT7-02T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 29125459 7 58 theme soli 1072:1075 arg1 33117T 1082:1087 Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T 1059:1087 Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T 1059:1087 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 12 59 theme Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus 1813:1845 arg1 sp 1847:1848 the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp 1804:1848 the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp 1804:1848 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 10 60 theme polar 1345:1349 arg1 lipids 1351:1356 The major polar lipids 1335:1356 The major polar lipids 1335:1356 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 29125459 10 60 theme polar 1345:1349 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1363:1382 phosphatidylglycerol 1363:1382 phosphatidylglycerol 1363:1382 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 29125459 6 61 theme sequence 852:859 arg1 similarity 861:870 the sequence similarity 848:870 the sequence similarity 848:870 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 6 61 theme sequence 852:859 arg1 % 881:881 96.5 % 876:881 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 876:927 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 3 62 theme DT7-02T 309:315 arg1 Cells 300:304 Cells 300:304 Cells of DT7-02T 300:315 Cells of DT7-02T were slender rod-shaped, motile by means of flagella, and oxidase- and catalase-positive. 29125459 2 63 theme taxonomic 272:280 arg1 characterization 282:297 taxonomic characterization 272:297 taxonomic characterization 272:297 A Gram-stain-positive strain, designated DT7-02T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 29125459 12 64 theme name 1808:1811 arg1 sp 1847:1848 the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp 1804:1848 the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp 1804:1848 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 12 65 theme strain 1666:1671 arg1 31192T 1699:1704 =KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T 1682:1704 =KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T 1682:1704 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 12 65 theme strain 1666:1671 arg1 DT7-02T 1673:1679 strain DT7-02T 1666:1679 strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) 1666:1705 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 12 66 theme 33854T=JCM 1688:1697 arg1 31192T 1699:1704 =KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T 1682:1704 =KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T 1682:1704 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 12 66 theme 33854T=JCM 1688:1697 arg1 DT7-02T 1673:1679 strain DT7-02T 1666:1679 strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) 1666:1705 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 7 67 theme Other 990:994 arg1 taxa 1004:1007 Other related taxa 990:1007 Other related taxa 990:1007 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 1 68 theme thermophilic 58:69 arg1 species 86:92 a moderately thermophilic and halophilic species 45:92 a moderately thermophilic and halophilic species 45:92 nov., a moderately thermophilic and halophilic species isolated from plant root. 29125459 1 68 theme thermophilic 58:69 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., a moderately thermophilic and halophilic species isolated from plant root. 29125459 12 69 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 1771:1791 arg1 species 1750:1756 a novel species 1742:1756 a novel species 1742:1756 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 12 70 theme phylogenetic 1596:1607 arg1 analyses 1640:1647 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1596:1647 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1596:1647 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 8 71 theme cellular 1175:1182 arg1 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 anteiso-C15  1212:1223 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 8 71 theme cellular 1175:1182 arg1 acids 1190:1194 The major cellular fatty acids 1165:1194 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T 1165:1205 The major cellular fatty acids of DT7-02T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29125459 5 72 theme soy 684:686 arg1 broth 688:692 tryptic soy broth 676:692 tryptic soy broth 676:692 The strain was moderately thermophilic and halophilic, as growth occurred at 20-44 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8-9) and in the presence of 0-8 % of NaCl (optimum 4 %) in tryptic soy broth. 29125459 2 73 theme surface-sterilized 192:209 arg1 root 211:214 the surface-sterilized root 188:214 the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) 188:253 A Gram-stain-positive strain, designated DT7-02T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of Oenotherabiennis (evening primrose) and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 29125459 6 74 with % 938:938 arg1 P-207T 922:927 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 888:927 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 888:927 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 6 74 with % 938:938 arg1 NIOT-bflm-S4T 975:987 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T 945:987 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T 945:987 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 12 75 theme genus 1765:1769 arg1 Pseudogracilibacillus 1771:1791 the genus Pseudogracilibacillus 1761:1791 the genus Pseudogracilibacillus 1761:1791 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrate that strain DT7-02T (=KCTC 33854T=JCM 31192T) merits recognition as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillusendophyticus sp. 29125459 6 76 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 945:965 arg1 NIOT-bflm-S4T 975:987 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T 945:987 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T 945:987 The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus of the family Bacillaceae, and the sequence similarity was 96.5 % with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T and 95.9 % with Pseudogracilibacillus marinus NIOT-bflm-S4T. 29125459 7 77 dep Ornithinibacillus 1014:1030 arg1 contaminans 1032:1042 contaminans 1032:1042 contaminans 1032:1042 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 11 78 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 1558:1578 arg1 species 1537:1543 the other two species 1523:1543 the other two species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus 1523:1578 The combination of chemotaxonomic properties enabled differentiation of DT7-02T from the other two species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus. 29125459 7 79 with 33117T 1082:1087 arg1 similarities 1118:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1095:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 % 1095:1148 Other related taxa were Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM 22953T and Sinibacillus soli KCTC 33117T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.4 and 94.3 %, respectively. 29125459 11 80 theme properties 1472:1481 arg1 combination 1442:1452 The combination 1438:1452 The combination of chemotaxonomic properties 1438:1481 The combination of chemotaxonomic properties enabled differentiation of DT7-02T from the other two species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus. 27277671 5 0 theme increased 820:828 arg1 levels 842:847 increased chlorophyll levels 820:847 increased chlorophyll levels 820:847 Under low phosphorus conditions, Qi319-96 had increased chlorophyll levels and enhanced photosynthesis. 27277671 8 1 theme higher 1248:1253 arg1 levels 1273:1278 higher V-ATPase activity levels 1248:1278 higher V-ATPase activity levels 1248:1278 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 10 2 dep CONCLUSIONS 1680:1690 arg1 suggest 1704:1710 suggest 1704:1710 suggest that the increased tolerance of the maize mutant Qi319-96 to low-phosphate levels is owing to its ability to increase Pi availability 1704:1844 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the increased tolerance of the maize mutant Qi319-96 to low-phosphate levels is owing to its ability to increase Pi availability. 27277671 8 3 theme V-ATPase 1255:1262 arg1 levels 1273:1278 higher V-ATPase activity levels 1248:1278 higher V-ATPase activity levels 1248:1278 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 5 4 theme chlorophyll 830:840 arg1 levels 842:847 increased chlorophyll levels 820:847 increased chlorophyll levels 820:847 Under low phosphorus conditions, Qi319-96 had increased chlorophyll levels and enhanced photosynthesis. 27277671 5 5 contain had 816:818 arg2 levels 842:847 increased chlorophyll levels 820:847 increased chlorophyll levels 820:847 Under low phosphorus conditions, Qi319-96 had increased chlorophyll levels and enhanced photosynthesis. 27277671 5 5 contain had 816:818 arg1 Qi319-96 807:814 Qi319-96 807:814 Qi319-96 807:814 Under low phosphorus conditions, Qi319-96 had increased chlorophyll levels and enhanced photosynthesis. 27277671 2 6 theme proteome 408:415 arg1 analyses 417:424 comparative proteome analyses 396:424 comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 396:460 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 10 7 theme Qi319-96 1761:1768 arg1 tolerance 1731:1739 the increased tolerance 1717:1739 the increased tolerance of the maize mutant Qi319-96 to low-phosphate levels 1717:1792 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the increased tolerance of the maize mutant Qi319-96 to low-phosphate levels is owing to its ability to increase Pi availability. 27277671 0 8 theme maize 112:116 arg1 mutant 118:123 a maize mutant 110:123 a maize mutant owing to reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling 110:173 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses reveal low-phosphate tolerance and enhanced photosynthesis in a maize mutant owing to reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling. 27277671 9 9 theme enzymes 1523:1529 arg1 levels 1460:1465 levels 1460:1465 levels 1460:1465 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 9 9 theme enzymes 1523:1529 arg1 activities 1472:1481 activities 1472:1481 activities 1472:1481 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 2 10 theme low-phosphate 343:355 arg1 tolerance 357:365 the low-phosphate tolerance 339:365 the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant 339:380 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 10 11 theme increased 1721:1729 arg1 tolerance 1731:1739 the increased tolerance 1717:1739 the increased tolerance of the maize mutant Qi319-96 to low-phosphate levels 1717:1792 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the increased tolerance of the maize mutant Qi319-96 to low-phosphate levels is owing to its ability to increase Pi availability. 27277671 9 12 theme CO2 1513:1515 arg1 " 1521:1521 "CO2 pump" 1512:1521 "CO2 pump" 1512:1521 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 1 13 dep BACKGROUND 176:185 arg1 obtained 240:247 obtained 240:247 was obtained from Qi319 through cellular engineering 236:287 BACKGROUND The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 was obtained from Qi319 through cellular engineering. 27277671 9 14 dep levels 1460:1465 arg1 the 1456:1458 the 1456:1458 the 1456:1458 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 9 15 theme photosynthesis 1601:1614 arg1 rate 1593:1596 a higher rate 1584:1596 a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319 1584:1677 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 8 16 theme Pi 1403:1404 arg1 levels 1406:1411 its increased Pi levels 1389:1411 its increased Pi levels 1389:1411 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 8 17 theme increased 1393:1401 arg1 levels 1406:1411 its increased Pi levels 1389:1411 its increased Pi levels 1389:1411 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 2 18 dep the 429:431 arg1 leaves 433:438 leaves 433:438 leaves 433:438 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 8 19 theme Pi 1369:1370 arg1 recycling 1342:1350 the recycling 1338:1350 the recycling of intracellular Pi 1338:1370 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 1 20 theme low-phosphate-tolerant 191:212 arg1 Qi319-96 227:234 The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 187:234 The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 187:234 BACKGROUND The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 was obtained from Qi319 through cellular engineering. 27277671 9 21 theme pump 1517:1520 arg1 " 1521:1521 "CO2 pump" 1512:1521 "CO2 pump" 1512:1521 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 8 22 theme physiological 1138:1150 arg1 analyses 1152:1159 physiological analyses 1138:1159 physiological analyses 1138:1159 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 9 23 theme several 1487:1493 arg1 enzymes 1523:1529 several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes 1487:1529 several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes 1487:1529 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 1 24 theme maize 214:218 arg1 Qi319-96 227:234 The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 187:234 The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 187:234 BACKGROUND The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 was obtained from Qi319 through cellular engineering. 27277671 2 25 theme -sufficient 492:502 arg1 conditions 521:530 inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions 468:530 inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions 468:530 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 11 26 theme inbred 1861:1866 arg1 lines 1868:1872 inbred lines 1861:1872 inbred lines of maize with low-P-tolerant traits 1861:1908 Additionally, inbred lines of maize with low-P-tolerant traits could be obtained effectively through cellular engineering. 27277671 2 27 theme mutant 375:380 arg1 tolerance 357:365 the low-phosphate tolerance 339:365 the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant 339:380 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 9 28 theme Chlorophyll 1414:1424 arg1 biosynthesis 1426:1437 Chlorophyll biosynthesis 1414:1437 Chlorophyll biosynthesis 1414:1437 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 1 29 theme mutant 220:225 arg1 Qi319-96 227:234 The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 187:234 The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 187:234 BACKGROUND The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 was obtained from Qi319 through cellular engineering. 27277671 0 30 theme Physiological 0:12 arg1 analyses 39:46 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses 0:46 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses 0:46 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses reveal low-phosphate tolerance and enhanced photosynthesis in a maize mutant owing to reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling. 27277671 11 31 with lines 1868:1872 arg1 traits 1903:1908 low-P-tolerant traits 1888:1908 low-P-tolerant traits 1888:1908 Additionally, inbred lines of maize with low-P-tolerant traits could be obtained effectively through cellular engineering. 27277671 10 32 theme mutant 1754:1759 arg1 Qi319-96 1761:1768 the maize mutant Qi319-96 1744:1768 the maize mutant Qi319-96 1744:1768 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the increased tolerance of the maize mutant Qi319-96 to low-phosphate levels is owing to its ability to increase Pi availability. 27277671 11 33 theme cellular 1948:1955 arg1 engineering 1957:1967 cellular engineering 1948:1967 cellular engineering 1948:1967 Additionally, inbred lines of maize with low-P-tolerant traits could be obtained effectively through cellular engineering. 27277671 6 34 from changes 882:888 arg1 contents 912:919 starch and sucrose contents 893:919 starch and sucrose contents 893:919 The changes in starch and sucrose contents under these conditions also differed between genotypes. 27277671 0 35 theme proteome 30:37 arg1 analyses 39:46 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses 0:46 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses 0:46 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses reveal low-phosphate tolerance and enhanced photosynthesis in a maize mutant owing to reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling. 27277671 4 36 theme phosphorus 619:628 arg1 contents 630:637 the overall phosphorus contents 607:637 the overall phosphorus contents of shoots 607:647 Although the overall phosphorus contents of shoots were not significantly different between Qi319 and Qi319-96, the Pi level of Qi319-96 was 52.94 % higher than that of Qi319. 27277671 4 36 theme phosphorus 619:628 arg1 different 672:680 different 672:680 different 672:680 Although the overall phosphorus contents of shoots were not significantly different between Qi319 and Qi319-96, the Pi level of Qi319-96 was 52.94 % higher than that of Qi319. 27277671 0 37 theme reinforced 134:143 arg1 recycling 165:173 reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling 134:173 reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling 134:173 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses reveal low-phosphate tolerance and enhanced photosynthesis in a maize mutant owing to reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling. 27277671 9 38 theme " 1521:1521 arg1 enzymes 1523:1529 several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes 1487:1529 several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes 1487:1529 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 11 39 theme low-P-tolerant 1888:1901 arg1 traits 1903:1908 low-P-tolerant traits 1888:1908 low-P-tolerant traits 1888:1908 Additionally, inbred lines of maize with low-P-tolerant traits could be obtained effectively through cellular engineering. 27277671 10 40 theme maize 1748:1752 arg1 Qi319-96 1761:1768 the maize mutant Qi319-96 1744:1768 the maize mutant Qi319-96 1744:1768 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the increased tolerance of the maize mutant Qi319-96 to low-phosphate levels is owing to its ability to increase Pi availability. 27277671 0 41 theme comparative 18:28 arg1 analyses 39:46 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses 0:46 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses 0:46 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses reveal low-phosphate tolerance and enhanced photosynthesis in a maize mutant owing to reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling. 27277671 4 42 theme shoots 642:647 arg1 contents 630:637 the overall phosphorus contents 607:637 the overall phosphorus contents of shoots 607:647 Although the overall phosphorus contents of shoots were not significantly different between Qi319 and Qi319-96, the Pi level of Qi319-96 was 52.94 % higher than that of Qi319. 27277671 4 42 theme shoots 642:647 arg1 different 672:680 different 672:680 different 672:680 Although the overall phosphorus contents of shoots were not significantly different between Qi319 and Qi319-96, the Pi level of Qi319-96 was 52.94 % higher than that of Qi319. 27277671 10 43 theme Pi 1830:1831 arg1 availability 1833:1844 Pi availability 1830:1844 Pi availability 1830:1844 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the increased tolerance of the maize mutant Qi319-96 to low-phosphate levels is owing to its ability to increase Pi availability. 27277671 2 44 theme inorganic 468:476 arg1 Pi 489:490 Pi 489:490 Pi 489:490 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 2 44 theme inorganic 468:476 arg1 phosphate 478:486 inorganic phosphate 468:486 inorganic phosphate (Pi) 468:491 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 3 45 dep plant 569:573 arg1 growth 575:580 growth 575:580 growth 575:580 RESULTS Low-phosphorus levels limit plant growth and metabolism. 27277671 3 45 dep plant 569:573 arg1 metabolism 586:595 metabolism 586:595 metabolism 586:595 RESULTS Low-phosphorus levels limit plant growth and metabolism. 27277671 0 46 theme phosphate 155:163 arg1 recycling 165:173 reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling 134:173 reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling 134:173 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses reveal low-phosphate tolerance and enhanced photosynthesis in a maize mutant owing to reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling. 27277671 9 47 theme cycle 1502:1506 arg1 enzymes 1523:1529 several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes 1487:1529 several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes 1487:1529 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 8 48 theme intracellular 1355:1367 arg1 Pi 1369:1370 intracellular Pi 1355:1370 intracellular Pi 1355:1370 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 9 49 theme higher 1586:1591 arg1 rate 1593:1596 a higher rate 1584:1596 a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319 1584:1677 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 4 50 theme Qi319-96 726:733 arg1 level 717:721 the Pi level 710:721 the Pi level of Qi319-96 710:733 Although the overall phosphorus contents of shoots were not significantly different between Qi319 and Qi319-96, the Pi level of Qi319-96 was 52.94 % higher than that of Qi319. 27277671 4 50 theme Qi319-96 726:733 arg1 higher 747:752 higher 747:752 higher 747:752 Although the overall phosphorus contents of shoots were not significantly different between Qi319 and Qi319-96, the Pi level of Qi319-96 was 52.94 % higher than that of Qi319. 27277671 11 51 theme maize 1877:1881 arg1 lines 1868:1872 inbred lines 1861:1872 inbred lines of maize with low-P-tolerant traits 1861:1908 Additionally, inbred lines of maize with low-P-tolerant traits could be obtained effectively through cellular engineering. 27277671 0 52 theme inorganic 145:153 arg1 phosphate 155:163 inorganic phosphate 145:163 reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling 134:173 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses reveal low-phosphate tolerance and enhanced photosynthesis in a maize mutant owing to reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling. 27277671 7 53 theme numerous 1095:1102 arg1 processes 1114:1122 numerous metabolic processes 1095:1122 numerous metabolic processes 1095:1122 The proteomic changes included 29 (Pi-sufficient) and 71 (Pi-deficient) differentially expressed proteins involved in numerous metabolic processes. 27277671 4 54 theme Pi 714:715 arg1 level 717:721 the Pi level 710:721 the Pi level of Qi319-96 710:733 Although the overall phosphorus contents of shoots were not significantly different between Qi319 and Qi319-96, the Pi level of Qi319-96 was 52.94 % higher than that of Qi319. 27277671 4 54 theme Pi 714:715 arg1 higher 747:752 higher 747:752 higher 747:752 Although the overall phosphorus contents of shoots were not significantly different between Qi319 and Qi319-96, the Pi level of Qi319-96 was 52.94 % higher than that of Qi319. 27277671 2 55 theme Pi-deficient 508:519 arg1 conditions 521:530 inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions 468:530 inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions 468:530 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 5 56 theme low 780:782 arg1 conditions 795:804 low phosphorus conditions 780:804 low phosphorus conditions 780:804 Under low phosphorus conditions, Qi319-96 had increased chlorophyll levels and enhanced photosynthesis. 27277671 8 57 theme lipid 1209:1213 arg1 composition 1215:1225 the lipid composition 1205:1225 the lipid composition of membranes 1205:1238 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 10 58 theme low-phosphate 1773:1785 arg1 levels 1787:1792 low-phosphate levels 1773:1792 low-phosphate levels 1773:1792 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the increased tolerance of the maize mutant Qi319-96 to low-phosphate levels is owing to its ability to increase Pi availability. 27277671 7 59 theme metabolic 1104:1112 arg1 processes 1114:1122 numerous metabolic processes 1095:1122 numerous metabolic processes 1095:1122 The proteomic changes included 29 (Pi-sufficient) and 71 (Pi-deficient) differentially expressed proteins involved in numerous metabolic processes. 27277671 2 60 theme comparative 396:406 arg1 analyses 417:424 comparative proteome analyses 396:424 comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 396:460 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 0 61 theme low-phosphate 55:67 arg1 tolerance 69:77 low-phosphate tolerance 55:77 low-phosphate tolerance 55:77 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses reveal low-phosphate tolerance and enhanced photosynthesis in a maize mutant owing to reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling. 27277671 4 62 theme overall 611:617 arg1 contents 630:637 the overall phosphorus contents 607:637 the overall phosphorus contents of shoots 607:647 Although the overall phosphorus contents of shoots were not significantly different between Qi319 and Qi319-96, the Pi level of Qi319-96 was 52.94 % higher than that of Qi319. 27277671 4 62 theme overall 611:617 arg1 different 672:680 different 672:680 different 672:680 Although the overall phosphorus contents of shoots were not significantly different between Qi319 and Qi319-96, the Pi level of Qi319-96 was 52.94 % higher than that of Qi319. 27277671 8 63 contain had 1244:1246 arg1 Proteome 1125:1132 Proteome 1125:1132 Proteome 1125:1132 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 8 63 contain had 1244:1246 arg2 levels 1273:1278 higher V-ATPase activity levels 1248:1278 higher V-ATPase activity levels 1248:1278 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 6 64 theme sucrose 904:910 arg1 contents 912:919 starch and sucrose contents 893:919 starch and sucrose contents 893:919 The changes in starch and sucrose contents under these conditions also differed between genotypes. 27277671 2 65 theme molecular 307:315 arg1 mechanisms 317:326 the molecular mechanisms 303:326 the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant 303:380 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 3 66 theme RESULTS 533:539 arg1 levels 556:561 RESULTS Low-phosphorus levels 533:561 RESULTS Low-phosphorus levels 533:561 RESULTS Low-phosphorus levels limit plant growth and metabolism. 27277671 8 67 theme activity 1264:1271 arg1 levels 1273:1278 higher V-ATPase activity levels 1248:1278 higher V-ATPase activity levels 1248:1278 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 9 68 theme low-phosphate 1622:1634 arg1 stress 1636:1641 low-phosphate stress 1622:1641 low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319 1622:1677 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 7 69 theme expressed 1064:1072 arg1 proteins 1074:1081 differentially expressed proteins 1049:1081 differentially expressed proteins involved in numerous metabolic processes 1049:1122 The proteomic changes included 29 (Pi-sufficient) and 71 (Pi-deficient) differentially expressed proteins involved in numerous metabolic processes. 27277671 3 70 theme Low-phosphorus 541:554 arg1 levels 556:561 RESULTS Low-phosphorus levels 533:561 RESULTS Low-phosphorus levels 533:561 RESULTS Low-phosphorus levels limit plant growth and metabolism. 27277671 9 71 from stress 1636:1641 arg1 Qi319 1673:1677 Qi319 1673:1677 Qi319 1673:1677 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 9 71 from stress 1636:1641 arg1 line 1651:1654 this line 1646:1654 this line compared with 1646:1668 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 1 72 theme cellular 268:275 arg1 engineering 277:287 cellular engineering 268:287 cellular engineering 268:287 BACKGROUND The low-phosphate-tolerant maize mutant Qi319-96 was obtained from Qi319 through cellular engineering. 27277671 0 73 theme enhanced 83:90 arg1 photosynthesis 92:105 enhanced photosynthesis 83:105 enhanced photosynthesis 83:105 Physiological and comparative proteome analyses reveal low-phosphate tolerance and enhanced photosynthesis in a maize mutant owing to reinforced inorganic phosphate recycling. 27277671 6 74 theme starch 893:898 arg1 contents 912:919 starch and sucrose contents 893:919 starch and sucrose contents 893:919 The changes in starch and sucrose contents under these conditions also differed between genotypes. 27277671 2 75 theme the 429:431 arg1 analyses 417:424 comparative proteome analyses 396:424 comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 396:460 To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-phosphate tolerance of this mutant, we performed comparative proteome analyses of the leaves of Qi319-96 and Qi319 under inorganic phosphate (Pi)-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. 27277671 7 76 theme proteomic 981:989 arg1 changes 991:997 The proteomic changes 977:997 The proteomic changes 977:997 The proteomic changes included 29 (Pi-sufficient) and 71 (Pi-deficient) differentially expressed proteins involved in numerous metabolic processes. 27277671 9 77 theme Calvin 1495:1500 arg1 cycle 1502:1506 Calvin cycle 1495:1506 Calvin cycle 1495:1506 Chlorophyll biosynthesis was improved and the levels, and activities, of several Calvin cycle and "CO2 pump" enzymes were greater in Qi319-96 than in Qi319, which led to a higher rate of photosynthesis under low-phosphate stress in this line compared with in Qi319. 27277671 8 78 theme membranes 1230:1238 arg1 composition 1215:1225 the lipid composition 1205:1225 the lipid composition of membranes 1205:1238 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 8 79 theme low-phosphate 1297:1309 arg1 starvation 1311:1320 low-phosphate starvation 1297:1320 low-phosphate starvation 1297:1320 Proteome and physiological analyses revealed that Qi319-96 could better remodel the lipid composition of membranes and had higher V-ATPase activity levels than Qi319 under low-phosphate starvation, which enhanced the recycling of intracellular Pi, as reflected by its increased Pi levels. 27277671 7 80 dep 29 1008:1009 arg1 proteins 1074:1081 differentially expressed proteins 1049:1081 differentially expressed proteins involved in numerous metabolic processes 1049:1122 The proteomic changes included 29 (Pi-sufficient) and 71 (Pi-deficient) differentially expressed proteins involved in numerous metabolic processes. 27277671 5 81 theme phosphorus 784:793 arg1 conditions 795:804 low phosphorus conditions 780:804 low phosphorus conditions 780:804 Under low phosphorus conditions, Qi319-96 had increased chlorophyll levels and enhanced photosynthesis. 26297032 5 0 theme % 688:688 arg1 similarities 658:669 sequence similarities 649:669 sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively 649:702 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 7 1 theme l-lactic 884:891 arg1 acid 893:896 l-lactic acid 884:896 l-lactic acid 884:896 Strain DCY75T produced d- and l-lactic acid isomers in a ratio of 22.5 : 77.5 (v/v). 26297032 1 2 dep wasp 62:65 arg1 vulgaris 76:83 Vespula vulgaris 68:83 Vespula vulgaris 68:83 nov., isolated from gut of a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 8 3 theme major 943:947 arg1 acids 955:959 The major fatty acids 939:959 The major fatty acids 939:959 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 6 4 theme other 812:816 arg1 species 818:824 other species 812:824 other species of the genus Lactobacillus 812:851 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, revealed that strain DCT75T was well separated from other species of the genus Lactobacillus. 26297032 6 5 theme genes 738:742 arg1 comparison 707:716 A comparison 705:716 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, 705:758 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, revealed that strain DCT75T was well separated from other species of the genus Lactobacillus. 26297032 12 6 theme novel 1288:1292 arg1 species 1294:1300 a novel species 1286:1300 a novel species 1286:1300 Based on phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain DCY75T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 26297032 2 7 attach isolated 208:215 arg2 DCY75T 196:201 DCY75T 196:201 DCY75T 196:201 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 2 7 attach isolated 208:215 arg2 strain 188:193 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 87:193 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 87:193 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 2 7 attach isolated 208:215 arg1 wasp 230:233 a queen wasp 222:233 a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris) 222:252 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 5 8 theme sequence 649:656 arg1 similarities 658:669 sequence similarities 649:669 sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively 649:702 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 3 9 dep optimum 315:321 arg1 pH 5.0–6.0 324:333 pH 5.0–6.0 324:333 pH 5.0–6.0 324:333 Growth occurred at 4–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 3.5–8.0 (optimum, pH 5.0–6.0) and with ≤ 7.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297032 6 10 theme housekeeping 725:736 arg1 rpoA 754:757 rpoA 754:757 rpoA 754:757 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, revealed that strain DCT75T was well separated from other species of the genus Lactobacillus. 26297032 6 10 theme housekeeping 725:736 arg1 pheS 745:748 pheS 745:748 pheS 745:748 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, revealed that strain DCT75T was well separated from other species of the genus Lactobacillus. 26297032 6 10 theme housekeeping 725:736 arg1 genes 738:742 two housekeeping genes 721:742 two housekeeping genes 721:742 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, revealed that strain DCT75T was well separated from other species of the genus Lactobacillus. 26297032 12 11 theme Lactobacillus 1315:1327 arg1 species 1294:1300 a novel species 1286:1300 a novel species 1286:1300 Based on phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain DCY75T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 26297032 5 12 dep Lactobacillus 612:624 arg1 lindneri 626:633 lindneri 626:633 lindneri 626:633 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 9 13 theme A4α 1097:1099 arg1 type 1115:1118 the A4α (l-Lys–d-Asp) type 1093:1118 the A4α (l-Lys–d-Asp) type 1093:1118 The peptidoglycan structure was of the A4α (l-Lys–d-Asp) type. 26297032 4 14 from growth 399:404 arg1 glucose 409:415 glucose 409:415 glucose 409:415 Strain DCY75T produced gas during growth on glucose. 26297032 7 15 theme Strain 854:859 arg1 DCY75T 861:866 Strain DCY75T 854:866 Strain DCY75T 854:866 Strain DCY75T produced d- and l-lactic acid isomers in a ratio of 22.5 : 77.5 (v/v). 26297032 12 16 theme phenotypic 1224:1233 arg1 properties 1249:1258 phenotypic and genotypic properties 1224:1258 phenotypic and genotypic properties 1224:1258 Based on phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain DCY75T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 26297032 12 17 theme genus 1309:1313 arg1 Lactobacillus 1315:1327 the genus Lactobacillus 1305:1327 the genus Lactobacillus 1305:1327 Based on phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain DCY75T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 26297032 11 18 theme DNA 1178:1180 arg1 content 1186:1192 The DNA G+C content 1174:1192 The DNA G+C content 1174:1192 The DNA G+C content was 35.5 ± 1.3 mol%. 26297032 11 18 theme DNA 1178:1180 arg1 % 1212:1212 35.5 ± 1.3 mol% 1198:1212 35.5 ± 1.3 mol% 1198:1212 The DNA G+C content was 35.5 ± 1.3 mol%. 26297032 14 19 theme type 1398:1401 arg1 DCY75T 1413:1418 DCY75T 1413:1418 DCY75T ( = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T) 1413:1448 The type strain is DCY75T ( = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T). 26297032 14 19 theme type 1398:1401 arg1 strain 1403:1408 The type strain 1394:1408 The type strain 1394:1408 The type strain is DCY75T ( = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T). 26297032 5 20 theme genus 518:522 arg1 Lactobacillus 524:536 the genus Lactobacillus 514:536 the genus Lactobacillus 514:536 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 2 21 dep wasp 230:233 arg1 vulgaris 244:251 Vespula vulgaris 236:251 Vespula vulgaris 236:251 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 11 22 theme G+C 1182:1184 arg1 content 1186:1192 The DNA G+C content 1174:1192 The DNA G+C content 1174:1192 The DNA G+C content was 35.5 ± 1.3 mol%. 26297032 11 22 theme G+C 1182:1184 arg1 % 1212:1212 35.5 ± 1.3 mol% 1198:1212 35.5 ± 1.3 mol% 1198:1212 The DNA G+C content was 35.5 ± 1.3 mol%. 26297032 9 23 theme l-Lys–d-Asp 1102:1112 arg1 type 1115:1118 the A4α (l-Lys–d-Asp) type 1093:1118 the A4α (l-Lys–d-Asp) type 1093:1118 The peptidoglycan structure was of the A4α (l-Lys–d-Asp) type. 26297032 1 24 theme queen 56:60 arg1 wasp 62:65 a queen wasp 54:65 a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris) 54:84 nov., isolated from gut of a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 7 25 dep ratio 911:915 arg1  77.5 926:930  77.5 926:930  77.5 926:930 Strain DCY75T produced d- and l-lactic acid isomers in a ratio of 22.5 : 77.5 (v/v). 26297032 7 25 dep ratio 911:915 arg1 v/v 933:935 v/v 933:935 v/v 933:935 Strain DCY75T produced d- and l-lactic acid isomers in a ratio of 22.5 : 77.5 (v/v). 26297032 6 26 theme genus 833:837 arg1 Lactobacillus 839:851 the genus Lactobacillus 829:851 the genus Lactobacillus 829:851 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, revealed that strain DCT75T was well separated from other species of the genus Lactobacillus. 26297032 0 27 theme vespulae 14:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Lactobacillus vespulae sp 0:24 Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 0:25 Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 26297032 8 28 dep C18  995:998 arg1 C18  1013:1016 C18  1013:1016 C18  1013:1016 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 8 28 dep C18  995:998 arg1 1ω7c 1001:1004 1ω7c 1001:1004 1ω7c 1001:1004 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 8 28 dep C18  995:998 arg1  1ω6c 1018:1022  1ω6c 1018:1022  1ω6c 1018:1022 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 1 29 theme wasp 62:65 arg1 gut 47:49 gut 47:49 gut of a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris) 47:84 nov., isolated from gut of a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 8 30 dep C16  1026:1029 arg1 C18  1050:1053 C18  1050:1053 C18  1050:1053 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 8 30 dep C16  1026:1029 arg1  1ω9c 1040:1044  1ω9c 1040:1044  1ω9c 1040:1044 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 8 30 dep C16  1026:1029 arg1 C18  1035:1038 C18  1035:1038 C18  1035:1038 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 8 30 dep C16  1026:1029 arg1  0 1055:1056  0 1055:1056  0 1055:1056 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 3 31 theme ≤ 7.0  345:350 arg1 % 351:351 % 351:351 % 351:351 Growth occurred at 4–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 3.5–8.0 (optimum, pH 5.0–6.0) and with ≤ 7.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297032 0 32 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 23:24 Lactobacillus vespulae sp 0:24 Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 0:25 Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 26297032 12 33 theme strain 1261:1266 arg1 DCY75T 1268:1273 strain DCY75T 1261:1273 strain DCY75T 1261:1273 Based on phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain DCY75T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 26297032 5 34 theme strain 488:493 arg1 DCY75T 495:500 strain DCY75T 488:500 strain DCY75T 488:500 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 3 35 theme % 351:351 arg1 NaCl 359:362 ≤ 7.0 % (w/v) NaCl 345:362 ≤ 7.0 % (w/v) NaCl 345:362 Growth occurred at 4–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 3.5–8.0 (optimum, pH 5.0–6.0) and with ≤ 7.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297032 8 36 dep feature 973:979 arg1 C16  1026:1029 C16  1026:1029 C16  1026:1029 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 8 36 dep feature 973:979 arg1 8 981:981 8 981:981 8 981:981 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 3 37 dep 4–37 °C 274:280 arg1 optimum 283:289 optimum 283:289 optimum 283:289 Growth occurred at 4–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 3.5–8.0 (optimum, pH 5.0–6.0) and with ≤ 7.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297032 3 37 dep 4–37 °C 274:280 arg1 30 °C 292:296 30 °C 292:296 30 °C 292:296 Growth occurred at 4–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 3.5–8.0 (optimum, pH 5.0–6.0) and with ≤ 7.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297032 5 38 theme DSM 635:637 arg1 20690T 639:644 Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T 612:644 Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T 612:644 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 6 39 theme strain 774:779 arg1 DCT75T 781:786 strain DCT75T 774:786 strain DCT75T 774:786 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, revealed that strain DCT75T was well separated from other species of the genus Lactobacillus. 26297032 12 40 dep Lactobacillus 1349:1361 arg1 vespulae 1363:1370 vespulae 1363:1370 vespulae 1363:1370 Based on phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain DCY75T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 26297032 10 41 theme Cell-wall 1121:1129 arg1 sugars 1131:1136 Cell-wall sugars 1121:1136 Cell-wall sugars 1121:1136 Cell-wall sugars were glucose, galactose and ribose. 26297032 12 42 theme genotypic 1239:1247 arg1 properties 1249:1258 phenotypic and genotypic properties 1224:1258 phenotypic and genotypic properties 1224:1258 Based on phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain DCY75T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 26297032 4 43 theme Strain 365:370 arg1 DCY75T 372:377 Strain DCY75T 365:377 Strain DCY75T 365:377 Strain DCY75T produced gas during growth on glucose. 26297032 3 44 dep % 351:351 arg1 w/v 354:356 w/v 354:356 w/v 354:356 Growth occurred at 4–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 3.5–8.0 (optimum, pH 5.0–6.0) and with ≤ 7.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297032 5 45 theme 16S 449:451 arg1 sequences 463:471 16S rRNA gene sequences 449:471 16S rRNA gene sequences 449:471 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 12 46 theme Lactobacillus 1349:1361 arg1 sp 1372:1373 the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp 1340:1373 the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp 1340:1373 Based on phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain DCY75T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 26297032 6 47 theme Lactobacillus 839:851 arg1 species 818:824 other species 812:824 other species of the genus Lactobacillus 812:851 A comparison of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, revealed that strain DCT75T was well separated from other species of the genus Lactobacillus. 26297032 5 48 theme ATCC 596:599 arg1 27651T 601:606 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T 565:606 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T 565:606 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 5 49 from similarities 658:669 arg1 related 554:560 related 554:560 related 554:560 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 5 50 theme rRNA 453:456 arg1 sequences 463:471 16S rRNA gene sequences 449:471 16S rRNA gene sequences 449:471 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 14 51 theme 21023T = JCM 1429:1440 arg1 DCY75T 1413:1418 DCY75T 1413:1418 DCY75T ( = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T) 1413:1448 The type strain is DCY75T ( = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T). 26297032 14 51 theme 21023T = JCM 1429:1440 arg1 19742T 1442:1447  = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T 1421:1447  = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T 1421:1447 The type strain is DCY75T ( = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T). 26297032 2 52 dep Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 oxidase- 110:117 oxidase- 110:117 oxidase- 110:117 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 2 52 dep Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 rod-shaped 142:151 rod-shaped 142:151 rod-shaped 142:151 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 2 52 dep Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 anaerobic 168:176 anaerobic 168:176 anaerobic 168:176 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 2 52 dep Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 catalase-negative 123:139 catalase-negative 123:139 catalase-negative 123:139 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 8 53 theme fatty 949:953 arg1 acids 955:959 The major fatty acids 939:959 The major fatty acids 939:959 The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0. 26297032 5 54 theme gene 458:461 arg1 sequences 463:471 16S rRNA gene sequences 449:471 16S rRNA gene sequences 449:471 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 5 55 theme Lactobacillus 565:577 arg1 27651T 601:606 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T 565:606 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T 565:606 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 7 56 theme 22.5  920:924 arg1 ratio 911:915 a ratio 909:915 a ratio of 22.5 : 77.5 (v/v) 909:936 Strain DCY75T produced d- and l-lactic acid isomers in a ratio of 22.5 : 77.5 (v/v). 26297032 5 57 theme Lactobacillus 612:624 arg1 20690T 639:644 Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T 612:644 Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T 612:644 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 2 58 theme bacterial 178:186 arg1 DCY75T 196:201 DCY75T 196:201 DCY75T 196:201 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 2 58 theme bacterial 178:186 arg1 strain 188:193 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 87:193 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 87:193 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 2 59 theme queen 224:228 arg1 wasp 230:233 a queen wasp 222:233 a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris) 222:252 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 5 60 theme Phylogenetic 418:429 arg1 analysis 431:438 Phylogenetic analysis 418:438 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:471 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 11 61 theme 35.5 ± 1.3 mol 1198:1211 arg1 content 1186:1192 The DNA G+C content 1174:1192 The DNA G+C content 1174:1192 The DNA G+C content was 35.5 ± 1.3 mol%. 26297032 11 61 theme 35.5 ± 1.3 mol 1198:1211 arg1 % 1212:1212 35.5 ± 1.3 mol% 1198:1212 35.5 ± 1.3 mol% 1198:1212 The DNA G+C content was 35.5 ± 1.3 mol%. 26297032 9 62 theme peptidoglycan 1062:1074 arg1 structure 1076:1084 The peptidoglycan structure 1058:1084 The peptidoglycan structure 1058:1084 The peptidoglycan structure was of the A4α (l-Lys–d-Asp) type. 26297032 14 63 theme  = KCTC 1421:1427 arg1 DCY75T 1413:1418 DCY75T 1413:1418 DCY75T ( = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T) 1413:1448 The type strain is DCY75T ( = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T). 26297032 14 63 theme  = KCTC 1421:1427 arg1 19742T 1442:1447  = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T 1421:1447  = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T 1421:1447 The type strain is DCY75T ( = KCTC 21023T = JCM 19742T). 26297032 7 64 dep d- 877:878 arg1 isomers 898:904 isomers 898:904 isomers 898:904 Strain DCY75T produced d- and l-lactic acid isomers in a ratio of 22.5 : 77.5 (v/v). 26297032 2 65 theme Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 DCY75T 196:201 DCY75T 196:201 DCY75T 196:201 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 2 65 theme Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 strain 188:193 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 87:193 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 87:193 A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY75T, was isolated from a queen wasp (Vespula vulgaris). 26297032 5 66 dep Lactobacillus 565:577 arg1 sanfranciscensis 579:594 sanfranciscensis 579:594 sanfranciscensis 579:594 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DCY75T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and was closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis ATCC 27651T and Lactobacillus lindneri DSM 20690T at sequence similarities of 96.7 and 96.4 %, respectively. 26297032 12 67 theme name 1344:1347 arg1 sp 1372:1373 the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp 1340:1373 the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp 1340:1373 Based on phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain DCY75T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus vespulae sp. 25948617 11 0 theme Actinorugispora 1243:1257 arg1 nov. 1276:1279 the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 1234:1279 the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 1234:1279 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 10 1 theme Phylogenetic 956:967 arg1 analysis 969:976 Phylogenetic analysis 956:976 Phylogenetic analysis 956:976 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the family Nocardiopsaceae. 25948617 11 2 theme novel 1163:1167 arg1 genus 1169:1173 a novel genus 1161:1173 a novel genus 1161:1173 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 5 3 contain contained 490:498 arg2 acid 520:523 meso-diaminopimelic acid 500:523 meso-diaminopimelic acid 500:523 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose, galactose and rhamnose. 25948617 5 3 contain contained 490:498 arg1 hydrolysates 477:488 The whole-cell hydrolysates 462:488 The whole-cell hydrolysates 462:488 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose, galactose and rhamnose. 25948617 5 3 contain contained 490:498 arg2 ribose 544:549 ribose 544:549 ribose 544:549 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose, galactose and rhamnose. 25948617 5 3 contain contained 490:498 arg2 glucose 526:532 glucose 526:532 glucose 526:532 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose, galactose and rhamnose. 25948617 5 3 contain contained 490:498 arg2 galactose 552:560 galactose 552:560 galactose 552:560 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose, galactose and rhamnose. 25948617 5 3 contain contained 490:498 arg2 mannose 535:541 mannose 535:541 mannose 535:541 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose, galactose and rhamnose. 25948617 5 3 contain contained 490:498 arg2 rhamnose 566:573 rhamnose 566:573 rhamnose 566:573 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose, galactose and rhamnose. 25948617 8 4 dep i-C16  864:869 arg1 i-C16  864:869 i-C16  864:869 i-C16  864:869 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 8 4 dep i-C16  864:869 arg1 acids 853:857 The major fatty acids 837:857 The major fatty acids 837:857 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 8 4 dep i-C16  864:869 arg1 ai-C17  875:881 ai-C17  875:881 ai-C17  875:881 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 8 4 dep i-C16  864:869 arg1  0 871:872  0 871:872  0 871:872 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 11 5 theme endophytica 1259:1269 arg1 nov. 1276:1279 the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 1234:1279 the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 1234:1279 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 2 6 theme actinomycete 97:108 arg1 strain 110:115 An actinomycete strain 94:115 An actinomycete strain 94:115 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM 690008T, was isolated from Daucus carota collected from South Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 25948617 4 7 theme aerial 363:368 arg1 mycelium 370:377 The aerial mycelium 359:377 The aerial mycelium 359:377 The aerial mycelium formed wrinkled single spores and short spore chains, some of which were branched. 25948617 12 8 theme 46770T = JCM 1322:1333 arg1 29480T 1349:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 12 8 theme 46770T = JCM 1322:1333 arg1 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 11 9 theme phenotypic 1062:1071 arg1 data 1103:1106 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1062:1106 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1062:1106 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 6 10 theme predominant 580:590 arg1 MK-10 610:614 MK-10 610:614 MK-10 610:614 The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H4), MK-10(H6), MK-10(H8) and MK-10(H2). 25948617 6 10 theme predominant 580:590 arg1 menaquinones 592:603 The predominant menaquinones 576:603 The predominant menaquinones 576:603 The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H4), MK-10(H6), MK-10(H8) and MK-10(H2). 25948617 3 11 theme diffusible 326:335 arg1 pigment 337:343 no diffusible pigment 323:343 no diffusible pigment 323:343 The strain grew well on most media tested and no diffusible pigment was produced. 25948617 2 12 theme polyphasic 256:265 arg1 approach 267:274 a polyphasic approach 254:274 a polyphasic approach 254:274 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM 690008T, was isolated from Daucus carota collected from South Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 25948617 7 13 theme unknown 784:790 arg1 mannosides 767:776 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 746:776 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 746:776 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, some unknown phospholipids, glycolipids and polar lipids. 25948617 7 13 theme unknown 784:790 arg1 phospholipids 792:804 some unknown phospholipids 779:804 some unknown phospholipids 779:804 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, some unknown phospholipids, glycolipids and polar lipids. 25948617 9 14 theme DNA 937:939 arg1 % 953:953 63.1 mol% 945:953 63.1 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.1 mol%. 25948617 9 14 theme DNA 937:939 arg1 content 914:920 The DNA G+C content 902:920 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 902:939 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.1 mol%. 25948617 2 15 theme YIM 129:131 arg1 690008T 133:139 YIM 690008T 129:139 YIM 690008T 129:139 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM 690008T, was isolated from Daucus carota collected from South Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 25948617 0 16 theme endophytica 16:26 arg1 nov. 33:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 0:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 0:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 12 17 theme type 1292:1295 arg1 29480T 1349:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 12 17 theme type 1292:1295 arg1 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 11 18 theme gen. 1271:1274 arg1 nov. 1276:1279 the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 1234:1279 the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 1234:1279 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 11 19 theme genotypic 1093:1101 arg1 data 1103:1106 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1062:1106 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1062:1106 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 5 20 theme whole-cell 466:475 arg1 hydrolysates 477:488 The whole-cell hydrolysates 462:488 The whole-cell hydrolysates 462:488 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose, galactose and rhamnose. 25948617 0 21 theme Actinorugispora 0:14 arg1 nov. 33:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 0:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 0:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 10 22 theme family 1020:1025 arg1 Nocardiopsaceae 1027:1041 the family Nocardiopsaceae 1016:1041 the family Nocardiopsaceae 1016:1041 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the family Nocardiopsaceae. 25948617 11 23 theme novel 1179:1183 arg1 species 1185:1191 novel species 1179:1191 novel species 1179:1191 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 12 24 theme YIM 1304:1306 arg1 29480T 1349:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 12 24 theme YIM 1304:1306 arg1 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 1 25 theme Daucus 79:84 arg1 carota 86:91 Daucus carota 79:91 Daucus carota 79:91 nov., an actinomycete isolated from Daucus carota. 25948617 11 26 theme chemotaxonomic 1074:1087 arg1 data 1103:1106 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1062:1106 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1062:1106 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 0 27 theme gen. 28:31 arg1 nov. 33:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 0:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 0:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 1 28 attach isolated 65:72 arg1 carota 86:91 Daucus carota 79:91 Daucus carota 79:91 nov., an actinomycete isolated from Daucus carota. 25948617 1 28 attach isolated 65:72 arg2 actinomycete 52:63 an actinomycete 49:63 an actinomycete isolated from Daucus carota 49:91 nov., an actinomycete isolated from Daucus carota. 25948617 4 29 theme spore 419:423 arg1 chains 425:430 short spore chains 413:430 short spore chains 413:430 The aerial mycelium formed wrinkled single spores and short spore chains, some of which were branched. 25948617 8 30 theme major 841:845 arg1 i-C16  864:869 i-C16  864:869 i-C16  864:869 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 8 30 theme major 841:845 arg1 acids 853:857 The major fatty acids 837:857 The major fatty acids 837:857 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 8 30 theme major 841:845 arg1  0 871:872  0 871:872  0 871:872 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 8 31 theme fatty 847:851 arg1 i-C16  864:869 i-C16  864:869 i-C16  864:869 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 8 31 theme fatty 847:851 arg1 acids 853:857 The major fatty acids 837:857 The major fatty acids 837:857 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 8 31 theme fatty 847:851 arg1  0 871:872  0 871:872  0 871:872 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 4 32 theme short 413:417 arg1 chains 425:430 short spore chains 413:430 short spore chains 413:430 The aerial mycelium formed wrinkled single spores and short spore chains, some of which were branched. 25948617 2 33 theme taxonomic 209:217 arg1 position 219:226 its taxonomic position 205:226 its taxonomic position 205:226 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM 690008T, was isolated from Daucus carota collected from South Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 25948617 7 34 theme phosphatidylinositol 746:765 arg1 mannosides 767:776 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 746:776 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 746:776 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, some unknown phospholipids, glycolipids and polar lipids. 25948617 7 34 theme phosphatidylinositol 746:765 arg1 glycolipids 807:817 glycolipids 807:817 glycolipids 807:817 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, some unknown phospholipids, glycolipids and polar lipids. 25948617 7 34 theme phosphatidylinositol 746:765 arg1 phospholipids 792:804 some unknown phospholipids 779:804 some unknown phospholipids 779:804 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, some unknown phospholipids, glycolipids and polar lipids. 25948617 11 35 theme name 1238:1241 arg1 nov. 1276:1279 the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 1234:1279 the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 1234:1279 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 12 36 theme 30099T = KCTC 1335:1347 arg1 29480T 1349:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 12 36 theme 30099T = KCTC 1335:1347 arg1 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 2 37 attach isolated 146:153 arg1 carota 167:172 carota 167:172 carota 167:172 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM 690008T, was isolated from Daucus carota collected from South Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 25948617 2 37 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 strain 110:115 An actinomycete strain 94:115 An actinomycete strain 94:115 An actinomycete strain, designated YIM 690008T, was isolated from Daucus carota collected from South Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 25948617 11 38 theme YIM 1138:1140 arg1 690008T 1142:1148 strain YIM 690008T 1131:1148 strain YIM 690008T 1131:1148 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 0 39 dep sp 39:40 arg1 nov. 33:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 0:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 0:36 Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 12 40 theme strain 1297:1302 arg1 29480T 1349:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 12 40 theme strain 1297:1302 arg1 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 1 41 dep actinomycete 52:63 arg1 nov. 43:46 nov. 43:46 nov. 43:46 nov., an actinomycete isolated from Daucus carota. 25948617 9 42 theme DNA 906:908 arg1 % 953:953 63.1 mol% 945:953 63.1 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.1 mol%. 25948617 9 42 theme DNA 906:908 arg1 content 914:920 The DNA G+C content 902:920 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 902:939 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.1 mol%. 25948617 7 43 theme polar 661:665 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 679:700 diphosphatidylglycerol 679:700 diphosphatidylglycerol 679:700 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, some unknown phospholipids, glycolipids and polar lipids. 25948617 7 43 theme polar 661:665 arg1 lipids 667:672 The polar lipids 657:672 The polar lipids 657:672 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, some unknown phospholipids, glycolipids and polar lipids. 25948617 11 44 dep sp 1282:1283 arg1 nov. 1276:1279 the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 1234:1279 the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov. 1234:1279 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 4 45 theme single 395:400 arg1 spores 402:407 wrinkled single spores 386:407 wrinkled single spores 386:407 The aerial mycelium formed wrinkled single spores and short spore chains, some of which were branched. 25948617 9 46 theme G+C 910:912 arg1 % 953:953 63.1 mol% 945:953 63.1 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.1 mol%. 25948617 9 46 theme G+C 910:912 arg1 content 914:920 The DNA G+C content 902:920 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 902:939 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.1 mol%. 25948617 4 47 theme wrinkled 386:393 arg1 spores 402:407 wrinkled single spores 386:407 wrinkled single spores 386:407 The aerial mycelium formed wrinkled single spores and short spore chains, some of which were branched. 25948617 11 48 theme strain 1131:1136 arg1 690008T 1142:1148 strain YIM 690008T 1131:1148 strain YIM 690008T 1131:1148 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 3 49 theme most 301:304 arg1 media 306:310 most media 301:310 most media tested 301:317 The strain grew well on most media tested and no diffusible pigment was produced. 25948617 9 50 theme 63.1 mol 945:952 arg1 % 953:953 63.1 mol% 945:953 63.1 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.1 mol%. 25948617 9 50 theme 63.1 mol 945:952 arg1 content 914:920 The DNA G+C content 902:920 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 902:939 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.1 mol%. 25948617 9 51 theme genomic 929:935 arg1 DNA 937:939 the genomic DNA 925:939 the genomic DNA 925:939 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.1 mol%. 25948617 8 52 dep  0 871:872 arg1 C18  890:893 C18  890:893 C18  890:893 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 8 52 dep  0 871:872 arg1  0 883:884  0 883:884  0 883:884 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 8 52 dep  0 871:872 arg1  1ω9c 895:899  1ω9c 895:899  1ω9c 895:899 The major fatty acids were i-C16 : 0, ai-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25948617 12 53 theme 690008T = DSM 1308:1320 arg1 29480T 1349:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T 1292:1354 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 12 53 theme 690008T = DSM 1308:1320 arg1 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov 1286:1288 nov. (type strain YIM 690008T = DSM 46770T = JCM 30099T = KCTC 29480T) is proposed. 25948617 11 54 theme family 1200:1205 arg1 Nocardiopsaceae 1207:1221 the family Nocardiopsaceae 1196:1221 the family Nocardiopsaceae 1196:1221 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 5 55 theme meso-diaminopimelic 500:518 arg1 acid 520:523 meso-diaminopimelic acid 500:523 meso-diaminopimelic acid 500:523 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose, galactose and rhamnose. 25948617 11 56 theme Nocardiopsaceae 1207:1221 arg1 genus 1169:1173 a novel genus 1161:1173 a novel genus 1161:1173 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 11 56 theme Nocardiopsaceae 1207:1221 arg1 species 1185:1191 novel species 1179:1191 novel species 1179:1191 However, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, it was concluded that strain YIM 690008T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Nocardiopsaceae, for which the name Actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. 25948617 7 57 theme polar 823:827 arg1 lipids 829:834 polar lipids 823:834 polar lipids 823:834 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, some unknown phospholipids, glycolipids and polar lipids. 25288280 4 0 theme rRNA 313:316 arg1 sequence 323:330 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 305:330 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 305:330 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 1 theme Paenibacillus 530:542 arg1 T 562:562 T 562:562 T 562:562 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 1 theme Paenibacillus 530:542 arg1 ES_M17 555:560 Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17 530:560 Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%) 530:571 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 1 theme Paenibacillus 530:542 arg1 % 570:570 98.5% 566:570 98.5% 566:570 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 1 theme Paenibacillus 530:542 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 2 2 theme Gram-stain-variable 93:111 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 91:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 91:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain L7-75, was isolated from duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 4 3 theme lautus 721:726 arg1 43898 733:737 Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898 707:737 Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898 707:737 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 4 dep closest 408:414 arg1 T 484:484 T 484:484 T 484:484 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 4 dep closest 408:414 arg1 ES_M17 555:560 Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17 530:560 Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%) 530:571 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 4 dep closest 408:414 arg1 similarity 517:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 4 dep closest 408:414 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 4 dep closest 408:414 arg1 324 643:645 Paenibacillus campinasensis 324 615:645 Paenibacillus campinasensis 324 615:645 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 4 dep closest 408:414 arg1 1871 598:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871 574:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%) 574:612 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 5 theme lactis 588:593 arg1 % 611:611 98.2% 607:611 98.2% 607:611 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 5 theme lactis 588:593 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 5 theme lactis 588:593 arg1 T 603:603 T 603:603 T 603:603 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 5 theme lactis 588:593 arg1 1871 598:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871 574:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%) 574:612 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 10 6 theme DNA 1317:1319 arg1 % 1345:1345 49.1 mol% 1337:1345 49.1 mol% (Tm) 1337:1350 The DNA G+C content was 49.1 mol% (Tm). 25288280 10 6 theme DNA 1317:1319 arg1 content 1325:1331 The DNA G+C content 1313:1331 The DNA G+C content 1313:1331 The DNA G+C content was 49.1 mol% (Tm). 25288280 2 7 theme endospore-forming 129:145 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 91:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 91:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain L7-75, was isolated from duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 11 8 theme relatedness 1361:1371 arg1 values 1373:1378 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1353:1378 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain L7-75(T) and its closest relatives 1353:1428 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain L7-75(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 4.4 to 47.8%. 25288280 3 9 theme monopolar 259:267 arg1 flagellum 269:277 a monopolar flagellum 257:277 a monopolar flagellum 257:277 Cells were motile with a monopolar flagellum. 25288280 6 10 theme cellular 879:886 arg1 acids 894:898 Major cellular fatty acids 873:898 Major cellular fatty acids 873:898 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 11 dep anteiso-C15  909:920 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 938:950 anteiso-C17:0 938:950 anteiso-C17:0 938:950 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 11 dep anteiso-C15  909:920 arg1  0 931:932  0 931:932  0 931:932 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 11 dep anteiso-C15  909:920 arg1 C16  926:929 C16  926:929 C16  926:929 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 12 theme fatty 1019:1023 arg1 profile 1030:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 5 13 theme NaCl 822:825 arg1 concentrations 827:840 NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) 822:855 NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) 822:855 Growth of strain L7-75(T) was observed at pH 7-10 and at 20-40 °C, and NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) were tolerated. 25288280 7 14 theme polar 1063:1067 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1081:1102 diphosphatidylglycerol 1081:1102 diphosphatidylglycerol 1081:1102 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. 25288280 7 14 theme polar 1063:1067 arg1 lipids 1069:1074 The major polar lipids 1053:1074 The major polar lipids 1053:1074 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. 25288280 6 15 theme total 1004:1008 arg1 profile 1030:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 4 16 theme related 433:439 arg1 species 441:447 phylogenetically related species 416:447 phylogenetically related species 416:447 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 8 17 theme predominant 1204:1214 arg1 menaquinone 1216:1226 the predominant menaquinone 1200:1226 the predominant menaquinone 1200:1226 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. 25288280 8 17 theme predominant 1204:1214 arg1 MK-7 1191:1194 MK-7 1191:1194 MK-7 1191:1194 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. 25288280 9 18 theme cell-wall 1259:1267 arg1 peptidoglycan 1269:1281 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1255:1281 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1255:1281 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25288280 4 19 theme rRNA 498:501 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 19 theme rRNA 498:501 arg1 similarity 517:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 5 20 theme L7-75 768:772 arg1 Growth 751:756 Growth 751:756 Growth of strain L7-75(T) 751:775 Growth of strain L7-75(T) was observed at pH 7-10 and at 20-40 °C, and NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) were tolerated. 25288280 4 21 theme Phylogenetic 280:291 arg1 analysis 293:300 Phylogenetic analysis 280:300 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence 280:330 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 5 22 located observed 781:788 arg1 pH 793:794 pH 7-10 793:799 pH 7-10 793:799 Growth of strain L7-75(T) was observed at pH 7-10 and at 20-40 °C, and NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) were tolerated. 25288280 5 22 located observed 781:788 arg2 Growth 751:756 Growth 751:756 Growth of strain L7-75(T) 751:775 Growth of strain L7-75(T) was observed at pH 7-10 and at 20-40 °C, and NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) were tolerated. 25288280 12 23 theme name 1569:1572 arg1 sp 1595:1596 the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp 1565:1596 the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp 1565:1596 These results indicate that strain L7-75(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 25288280 6 24 located present 962:968 arg2 anteiso-C17:0 938:950 anteiso-C17:0 938:950 anteiso-C17:0 938:950 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 24 located present 962:968 arg1 % 977:977 36.0% 973:977 36.0% 973:977 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 24 located present 962:968 arg2  0 931:932  0 931:932  0 931:932 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 4 25 theme uliginis 468:475 arg1 T 484:484 T 484:484 T 484:484 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 25 theme uliginis 468:475 arg1 ES_M17 555:560 Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17 530:560 Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%) 530:571 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 25 theme uliginis 468:475 arg1 similarity 517:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 25 theme uliginis 468:475 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 25 theme uliginis 468:475 arg1 324 643:645 Paenibacillus campinasensis 324 615:645 Paenibacillus campinasensis 324 615:645 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 25 theme uliginis 468:475 arg1 1871 598:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871 574:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%) 574:612 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 26 theme campinasensis 629:641 arg1 324 643:645 Paenibacillus campinasensis 324 615:645 Paenibacillus campinasensis 324 615:645 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 26 theme campinasensis 629:641 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 0 27 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Paenibacillus lemnae sp 0:22 Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 0:23 Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 25288280 12 28 theme lemnae 1588:1593 arg1 sp 1595:1596 the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp 1565:1596 the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp 1565:1596 These results indicate that strain L7-75(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 25288280 14 29 theme  = BCC 1646:1651 arg1 T 1676:1676 T 1676:1676 T 1676:1676 The type strain is L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)). 25288280 14 29 theme  = BCC 1646:1651 arg1 109972 1669:1674  = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972 1646:1674  = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T) 1646:1677 The type strain is L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)). 25288280 2 30 attach isolated 187:194 arg2 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 91:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 91:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain L7-75, was isolated from duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 2 30 attach isolated 187:194 arg1 duckweed 201:208 duckweed 201:208 duckweed 201:208 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain L7-75, was isolated from duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 4 31 theme gene 503:506 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 31 theme gene 503:506 arg1 similarity 517:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 32 theme strain 347:352 arg1 T 360:360 T 360:360 T 360:360 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 32 theme strain 347:352 arg1 L7-75 354:358 strain L7-75 347:358 strain L7-75(T) 347:361 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 33 theme 16S 494:496 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 33 theme 16S 494:496 arg1 similarity 517:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 12 34 theme genus 1534:1538 arg1 species 1519:1525 a novel species 1511:1525 a novel species 1511:1525 These results indicate that strain L7-75(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 25288280 14 35 theme type 1621:1624 arg1 L7-75 1636:1640 L7-75 1636:1640 L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)) 1636:1678 The type strain is L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)). 25288280 14 35 theme type 1621:1624 arg1 strain 1626:1631 The type strain 1617:1631 The type strain 1617:1631 The type strain is L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)). 25288280 4 36 theme 16S 309:311 arg1 sequence 323:330 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 305:330 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 305:330 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 3 37 with motile 245:250 arg1 flagellum 269:277 a monopolar flagellum 257:277 a monopolar flagellum 257:277 Cells were motile with a monopolar flagellum. 25288280 4 38 theme Paenibacillus 659:671 arg1 S93 688:690 Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93 659:690 Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) 659:701 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 38 theme Paenibacillus 659:671 arg1 % 700:700 97.7% 696:700 97.7% 696:700 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 38 theme Paenibacillus 659:671 arg1 T 692:692 T 692:692 T 692:692 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 11 39 theme DNA-DNA 1353:1359 arg1 values 1373:1378 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1353:1378 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain L7-75(T) and its closest relatives 1353:1428 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain L7-75(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 4.4 to 47.8%. 25288280 6 40 dep present 962:968 arg1 profile 1030:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 40 dep present 962:968 arg1 % 985:985 14.2 % 980:985 14.2 % 980:985 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 40 dep present 962:968 arg1 % 995:995 10.0% 991:995 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile 991:1036 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 1 41 theme endophytic 34:43 arg1 aequinoctialis 74:87 Lemna aequinoctialis 68:87 Lemna aequinoctialis 68:87 nov., an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 1 41 theme endophytic 34:43 arg1 bacterium 45:53 an endophytic bacterium 31:53 an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis) 31:88 nov., an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 1 41 theme endophytic 34:43 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 4 42 theme gene 318:321 arg1 sequence 323:330 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 305:330 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 305:330 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 5 43 dep concentrations 827:840 arg1 w/v 852:854 w/v 852:854 w/v 852:854 Growth of strain L7-75(T) was observed at pH 7-10 and at 20-40 °C, and NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) were tolerated. 25288280 5 43 dep concentrations 827:840 arg1 % 849:849 up to 5% 842:849 NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) 822:855 Growth of strain L7-75(T) was observed at pH 7-10 and at 20-40 °C, and NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) were tolerated. 25288280 11 44 theme strain 1388:1393 arg1 T 1401:1401 T 1401:1401 T 1401:1401 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain L7-75(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 4.4 to 47.8%. 25288280 11 44 theme strain 1388:1393 arg1 L7-75 1395:1399 strain L7-75 1388:1399 strain L7-75(T) 1388:1402 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain L7-75(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 4.4 to 47.8%. 25288280 6 45 from % 977:977 arg1 present 962:968 present 962:968 present 962:968 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 4 46 theme Paenibacillus 707:719 arg1 43898 733:737 Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898 707:737 Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898 707:737 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 12 47 theme strain 1484:1489 arg1 T 1497:1497 T 1497:1497 T 1497:1497 These results indicate that strain L7-75(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 25288280 12 47 theme strain 1484:1489 arg1 L7-75 1491:1495 strain L7-75 1484:1495 strain L7-75(T) 1484:1498 These results indicate that strain L7-75(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 25288280 4 48 theme purispatii 544:553 arg1 T 562:562 T 562:562 T 562:562 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 48 theme purispatii 544:553 arg1 ES_M17 555:560 Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17 530:560 Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%) 530:571 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 48 theme purispatii 544:553 arg1 % 570:570 98.5% 566:570 98.5% 566:570 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 48 theme purispatii 544:553 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 10 49 theme G+C 1321:1323 arg1 % 1345:1345 49.1 mol% 1337:1345 49.1 mol% (Tm) 1337:1350 The DNA G+C content was 49.1 mol% (Tm). 25288280 10 49 theme G+C 1321:1323 arg1 content 1325:1331 The DNA G+C content 1313:1331 The DNA G+C content 1313:1331 The DNA G+C content was 49.1 mol% (Tm). 25288280 6 50 attach present 962:968 arg2 anteiso-C17:0 938:950 anteiso-C17:0 938:950 anteiso-C17:0 938:950 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 50 attach present 962:968 arg1 % 977:977 36.0% 973:977 36.0% 973:977 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 50 attach present 962:968 arg2  0 931:932  0 931:932  0 931:932 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 4 51 theme Paenibacillus 574:586 arg1 % 611:611 98.2% 607:611 98.2% 607:611 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 51 theme Paenibacillus 574:586 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 51 theme Paenibacillus 574:586 arg1 T 603:603 T 603:603 T 603:603 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 51 theme Paenibacillus 574:586 arg1 1871 598:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871 574:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%) 574:612 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 6 52 theme fatty 888:892 arg1 acids 894:898 Major cellular fatty acids 873:898 Major cellular fatty acids 873:898 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 4 53 theme MB 595:596 arg1 % 611:611 98.2% 607:611 98.2% 607:611 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 53 theme MB 595:596 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 53 theme MB 595:596 arg1 T 603:603 T 603:603 T 603:603 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 53 theme MB 595:596 arg1 1871 598:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871 574:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%) 574:612 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 10 54 theme mol 1342:1344 arg1 % 1345:1345 49.1 mol% 1337:1345 49.1 mol% (Tm) 1337:1350 The DNA G+C content was 49.1 mol% (Tm). 25288280 10 54 theme mol 1342:1344 arg1 content 1325:1331 The DNA G+C content 1313:1331 The DNA G+C content 1313:1331 The DNA G+C content was 49.1 mol% (Tm). 25288280 10 54 theme mol 1342:1344 arg1 Tm 1348:1349 Tm 1348:1349 Tm 1348:1349 The DNA G+C content was 49.1 mol% (Tm). 25288280 6 55 theme acid 1025:1028 arg1 profile 1030:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 56 theme Major 873:877 arg1 acids 894:898 Major cellular fatty acids 873:898 Major cellular fatty acids 873:898 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 57 theme cellular 1010:1017 arg1 profile 1030:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 9 58 located found 1246:1250 arg1 peptidoglycan 1269:1281 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1255:1281 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1255:1281 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25288280 9 58 located found 1246:1250 arg2 acid 1307:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25288280 9 58 located found 1246:1250 arg2 acid 1241:1244 The diamino acid 1229:1244 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1229:1281 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25288280 9 59 theme diamino 1233:1239 arg1 acid 1241:1244 The diamino acid 1229:1244 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1229:1281 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25288280 9 59 theme diamino 1233:1239 arg1 acid 1307:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25288280 4 60 theme ATCC 728:731 arg1 43898 733:737 Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898 707:737 Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898 707:737 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 7 61 theme major 1057:1061 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1081:1102 diphosphatidylglycerol 1081:1102 diphosphatidylglycerol 1081:1102 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. 25288280 7 61 theme major 1057:1061 arg1 lipids 1069:1074 The major polar lipids 1053:1074 The major polar lipids 1053:1074 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. 25288280 14 62 dep L7-75 1636:1640 arg1 T 1676:1676 T 1676:1676 T 1676:1676 The type strain is L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)). 25288280 14 62 dep L7-75 1636:1640 arg1 109972 1669:1674  = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972 1646:1674  = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T) 1646:1677 The type strain is L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)). 25288280 14 63 theme  = NBRC 1661:1667 arg1 T 1676:1676 T 1676:1676 T 1676:1676 The type strain is L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)). 25288280 14 63 theme  = NBRC 1661:1667 arg1 109972 1669:1674  = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972 1646:1674  = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T) 1646:1677 The type strain is L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)). 25288280 11 64 dep 47.8 1449:1452 arg1 to 1446:1447 to 1446:1447 to 1446:1447 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain L7-75(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 4.4 to 47.8%. 25288280 5 65 theme strain 761:766 arg1 L7-75 768:772 strain L7-75 761:772 strain L7-75(T) 761:775 Growth of strain L7-75(T) was observed at pH 7-10 and at 20-40 °C, and NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) were tolerated. 25288280 5 65 theme strain 761:766 arg1 T 774:774 T 774:774 T 774:774 Growth of strain L7-75(T) was observed at pH 7-10 and at 20-40 °C, and NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) were tolerated. 25288280 4 66 theme Paenibacillus 454:466 arg1 T 484:484 T 484:484 T 484:484 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 66 theme Paenibacillus 454:466 arg1 ES_M17 555:560 Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17 530:560 Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%) 530:571 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 66 theme Paenibacillus 454:466 arg1 similarity 517:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 66 theme Paenibacillus 454:466 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 66 theme Paenibacillus 454:466 arg1 324 643:645 Paenibacillus campinasensis 324 615:645 Paenibacillus campinasensis 324 615:645 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 66 theme Paenibacillus 454:466 arg1 1871 598:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871 574:601 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%) 574:612 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 12 67 theme Paenibacillus 1574:1586 arg1 sp 1595:1596 the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp 1565:1596 the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp 1565:1596 These results indicate that strain L7-75(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 25288280 1 68 theme duckweed 58:65 arg1 aequinoctialis 74:87 Lemna aequinoctialis 68:87 Lemna aequinoctialis 68:87 nov., an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 1 68 theme duckweed 58:65 arg1 bacterium 45:53 an endophytic bacterium 31:53 an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis) 31:88 nov., an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 1 68 theme duckweed 58:65 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 0 69 theme lemnae 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Paenibacillus lemnae sp 0:22 Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 0:23 Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 25288280 1 70 theme Lemna 68:72 arg1 aequinoctialis 74:87 Lemna aequinoctialis 68:87 Lemna aequinoctialis 68:87 nov., an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 1 70 theme Lemna 68:72 arg1 bacterium 45:53 an endophytic bacterium 31:53 an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis) 31:88 nov., an endophytic bacterium of duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 4 71 theme sequence 508:515 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 71 theme sequence 508:515 arg1 similarity 517:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 72 theme Paenibacillus 615:627 arg1 324 643:645 Paenibacillus campinasensis 324 615:645 Paenibacillus campinasensis 324 615:645 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 72 theme Paenibacillus 615:627 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 14 73 theme T 1659:1659 arg1 T 1676:1676 T 1676:1676 T 1676:1676 The type strain is L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)). 25288280 14 73 theme T 1659:1659 arg1 109972 1669:1674  = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972 1646:1674  = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T) 1646:1677 The type strain is L7-75(T) ( = BCC 67838(T) = NBRC 109972(T)). 25288280 11 74 theme closest 1412:1418 arg1 relatives 1420:1428 its closest relatives 1408:1428 its closest relatives 1408:1428 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain L7-75(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 4.4 to 47.8%. 25288280 4 75 theme % 492:492 arg1 N3/975 477:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975 454:482 Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 454:527 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 75 theme % 492:492 arg1 similarity 517:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 488:526 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 2 76 theme strain 169:174 arg1 L7-75 176:180 strain L7-75 169:180 strain L7-75 169:180 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain L7-75, was isolated from duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 4 77 theme glucanolyticus 673:686 arg1 S93 688:690 Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93 659:690 Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) 659:701 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 77 theme glucanolyticus 673:686 arg1 % 700:700 97.7% 696:700 97.7% 696:700 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 4 77 theme glucanolyticus 673:686 arg1 T 692:692 T 692:692 T 692:692 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 6 78 theme profile 1030:1036 arg1 profile 1030:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 the total cellular fatty acid profile 1000:1036 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 78 theme profile 1030:1036 arg1 % 985:985 14.2 % 980:985 14.2 % 980:985 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 6 78 theme profile 1030:1036 arg1 % 995:995 10.0% 991:995 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile 991:1036 Major cellular fatty acids included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0 that were present at 36.0%, 14.2 % and 10.0% of the total cellular fatty acid profile, respectively. 25288280 4 79 theme sequence 323:330 arg1 analysis 293:300 Phylogenetic analysis 280:300 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence 280:330 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25288280 5 80 dep 5 848:848 arg1 to 845:846 to 845:846 to 845:846 Growth of strain L7-75(T) was observed at pH 7-10 and at 20-40 °C, and NaCl concentrations up to 5% (w/v) were tolerated. 25288280 9 81 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1287:1305 arg1 acid 1307:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25288280 9 81 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1287:1305 arg1 acid 1241:1244 The diamino acid 1229:1244 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1229:1281 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25288280 12 82 theme Paenibacillus 1540:1552 arg1 genus 1534:1538 the genus Paenibacillus 1530:1552 the genus Paenibacillus 1530:1552 These results indicate that strain L7-75(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 25288280 12 83 theme novel 1513:1517 arg1 species 1519:1525 a novel species 1511:1525 a novel species 1511:1525 These results indicate that strain L7-75(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lemnae sp. 25288280 2 84 dep isolated 187:194 arg1 aequinoctialis 217:230 aequinoctialis 217:230 aequinoctialis 217:230 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain L7-75, was isolated from duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 2 85 theme rod-shaped 114:123 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 91:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium 91:155 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain L7-75, was isolated from duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis). 25288280 4 86 dep Paenibacillus 385:397 arg1 the 375:377 the 375:377 the 375:377 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L7-75(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Paenibacillus uliginis N3/975(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus purispatii ES_M17(T) (98.5%), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (98.2%), Paenibacillus campinasensis 324(T) (97.7%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus S93(T) (97.7%) and Paenibacillus lautus ATCC 43898(T) (97.4%). 25142210 3 0 dep aerobic 198:204 arg1 motile 240:245 motile 240:245 motile 240:245 Strain CB4(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. 25142210 3 0 dep aerobic 198:204 arg1 rod-shaped 228:237 rod-shaped 228:237 rod-shaped 228:237 Strain CB4(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. 25142210 3 0 dep aerobic 198:204 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 207:225 Gram-stain-positive 207:225 Gram-stain-positive 207:225 Strain CB4(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. 25142210 8 1 dep characteristics 1033:1047 arg1 the 972:974 the 972:974 the 972:974 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 8 1 dep characteristics 1033:1047 arg1 basis 976:980 basis 976:980 basis 976:980 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 6 2 theme DNA 665:667 arg1 content 673:679 The genomic DNA G+C content 653:679 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) 653:696 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 6 2 theme DNA 665:667 arg1 % 710:710 46.5 mol% 702:710 46.5 mol% 702:710 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 8 3 theme soli 1178:1181 arg1 sp 1183:1184 the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp 1152:1184 the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp 1152:1184 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 7 4 theme strain 794:799 arg1 T 805:805 T 805:805 T 805:805 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 7 4 theme strain 794:799 arg1 CB4 801:803 strain CB4 794:803 strain CB4(T) 794:806 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 8 5 theme phenotypic 989:998 arg1 characteristics 1033:1047 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 985:1047 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 985:1047 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 10 6 theme T 1245:1245 arg1 8566 1254:1257  =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566 1232:1257  =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T) 1232:1260 The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). 25142210 10 6 theme T 1245:1245 arg1 T 1259:1259 T 1259:1259 T 1259:1259 The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). 25142210 5 7 theme diagnostic 483:492 arg1 acids 500:504 the diagnostic amino acids 479:504 the diagnostic amino acids 479:504 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the polar lipids. 25142210 8 8 theme Aneurinibacillus 1161:1176 arg1 sp 1183:1184 the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp 1152:1184 the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp 1152:1184 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 11 9 theme emended 1267:1273 arg1 description 1275:1285 An emended description 1264:1285 An emended description of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1264:1315 An emended description of the genus Aneurinibacillus is also proposed. 25142210 4 10 theme isoprenoid 390:399 arg1 acids 316:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 4 10 theme isoprenoid 390:399 arg1 quinone 401:407 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 374:407 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 374:407 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 3 11 theme Strain 159:164 arg1 T 170:170 T 170:170 T 170:170 Strain CB4(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. 25142210 3 11 theme Strain 159:164 arg1 CB4 166:168 Strain CB4 159:168 Strain CB4(T) 159:171 Strain CB4(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. 25142210 5 12 theme amino 494:498 arg1 acids 500:504 the diagnostic amino acids 479:504 the diagnostic amino acids 479:504 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the polar lipids. 25142210 1 13 theme mountain 46:53 arg1 soil 55:58 mountain soil 46:58 mountain soil 46:58 nov., isolated from mountain soil. 25142210 10 14 dep CB4 1224:1226 arg1 8566 1254:1257  =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566 1232:1257  =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T) 1232:1260 The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). 25142210 10 14 dep CB4 1224:1226 arg1 T 1259:1259 T 1259:1259 T 1259:1259 The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). 25142210 3 15 theme nutrient 285:292 arg1 agar 294:297 nutrient agar 285:297 nutrient agar 285:297 Strain CB4(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. 25142210 11 16 theme genus 1294:1298 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 1300:1315 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1290:1315 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1290:1315 An emended description of the genus Aneurinibacillus is also proposed. 25142210 6 17 theme genomic 657:663 arg1 content 673:679 The genomic DNA G+C content 653:679 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) 653:696 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 6 17 theme genomic 657:663 arg1 % 710:710 46.5 mol% 702:710 46.5 mol% 702:710 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 7 18 with homology 901:908 arg1 % 965:965 96.5% 961:965 96.5% 961:965 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 7 18 with homology 901:908 arg1 DSM 948:950 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562 915:955 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%) 915:966 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 7 18 with homology 901:908 arg1 T 957:957 T 957:957 T 957:957 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 3 19 theme greyish 265:271 arg1 colonies 273:280 creamy greyish colonies 258:280 creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar 258:297 Strain CB4(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. 25142210 7 20 theme sequence 759:766 arg1 similarities 768:779 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 745:779 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 745:779 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 6 21 theme strain 684:689 arg1 CB4 691:693 strain CB4 684:693 strain CB4(T) 684:696 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 6 21 theme strain 684:689 arg1 T 695:695 T 695:695 T 695:695 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 8 22 theme phylogenetic 1020:1031 arg1 characteristics 1033:1047 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 985:1047 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 985:1047 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 6 23 theme mol 707:709 arg1 content 673:679 The genomic DNA G+C content 653:679 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) 653:696 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 6 23 theme mol 707:709 arg1 % 710:710 46.5 mol% 702:710 46.5 mol% 702:710 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 7 24 theme rRNA 749:752 arg1 similarities 768:779 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 745:779 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 745:779 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 0 25 theme soli 17:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Aneurinibacillus soli sp 0:23 Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 0:24 Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 10 26 theme  =KCTC 1232:1237 arg1 8566 1254:1257  =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566 1232:1257  =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T) 1232:1260 The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). 25142210 10 26 theme  =KCTC 1232:1237 arg1 T 1259:1259 T 1259:1259 T 1259:1259 The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). 25142210 7 27 theme gene 754:757 arg1 similarities 768:779 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 745:779 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 745:779 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 8 28 theme novel 1093:1097 arg1 species 1099:1105 a novel species 1091:1105 a novel species 1091:1105 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 0 29 theme Aneurinibacillus 0:15 arg1 sp 22:23 Aneurinibacillus soli sp 0:23 Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 0:24 Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 7 30 theme Phylogenetic 713:724 arg1 analysis 726:733 Phylogenetic analysis 713:733 Phylogenetic analysis 713:733 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 10 31 theme  =CECT 1247:1252 arg1 8566 1254:1257  =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566 1232:1257  =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T) 1232:1260 The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). 25142210 10 31 theme  =CECT 1247:1252 arg1 T 1259:1259 T 1259:1259 T 1259:1259 The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). 25142210 4 32 theme major 304:308 arg1 acids 316:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 4 32 theme major 304:308 arg1 MK-7 412:415 MK-7 412:415 MK-7 412:415 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 4 32 theme major 304:308 arg1 iso-C 341:345 iso-C 341:345 iso-C(15:0) 341:351 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 4 32 theme major 304:308 arg1 iso-C 357:361 iso-C 357:361 iso-C(16:0) 357:367 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 4 32 theme major 304:308 arg1 quinone 401:407 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 374:407 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 374:407 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 11 33 theme Aneurinibacillus 1300:1315 arg1 description 1275:1285 An emended description 1264:1285 An emended description of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1264:1315 An emended description of the genus Aneurinibacillus is also proposed. 25142210 7 34 theme 16S 745:747 arg1 rRNA 749:752 16S rRNA 745:752 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 745:779 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 7 35 theme Aneurinibacillus 915:930 arg1 % 965:965 96.5% 961:965 96.5% 961:965 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 7 35 theme Aneurinibacillus 915:930 arg1 DSM 948:950 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562 915:955 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%) 915:966 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 7 35 theme Aneurinibacillus 915:930 arg1 T 957:957 T 957:957 T 957:957 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 8 36 theme name 1156:1159 arg1 sp 1183:1184 the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp 1152:1184 the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp 1152:1184 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 3 37 from colonies 273:280 arg1 agar 294:297 nutrient agar 285:297 nutrient agar 285:297 Strain CB4(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. 25142210 8 38 theme genus 1118:1122 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 1124:1139 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1114:1139 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1114:1139 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 5 39 theme cell-wall 422:430 arg1 peptidoglycan 432:444 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 418:444 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 418:444 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the polar lipids. 25142210 7 40 theme aneurinilyticus 932:946 arg1 % 965:965 96.5% 961:965 96.5% 961:965 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 7 40 theme aneurinilyticus 932:946 arg1 DSM 948:950 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562 915:955 Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%) 915:966 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 7 40 theme aneurinilyticus 932:946 arg1 T 957:957 T 957:957 T 957:957 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 7 41 theme homology 901:908 arg1 level 883:887 the highest level 871:887 the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%) 871:966 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 2 42 theme bacterial 69:77 arg1 strain 79:84 A novel bacterial strain 61:84 A novel bacterial strain designated CB4(T) 61:102 A novel bacterial strain designated CB4(T) was isolated from soil from the Hallasan, Jeju, Korea. 25142210 6 43 theme CB4 691:693 arg1 content 673:679 The genomic DNA G+C content 653:679 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) 653:696 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 6 43 theme CB4 691:693 arg1 % 710:710 46.5 mol% 702:710 46.5 mol% 702:710 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 5 44 contain contained 446:454 arg2 glycine 456:462 glycine 456:462 glycine 456:462 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the polar lipids. 25142210 5 44 contain contained 446:454 arg1 peptidoglycan 432:444 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 418:444 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 418:444 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the polar lipids. 25142210 5 44 contain contained 446:454 arg2 alanine 468:474 alanine 468:474 alanine 468:474 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the polar lipids. 25142210 2 45 theme novel 63:67 arg1 strain 79:84 A novel bacterial strain 61:84 A novel bacterial strain designated CB4(T) 61:102 A novel bacterial strain designated CB4(T) was isolated from soil from the Hallasan, Jeju, Korea. 25142210 7 46 theme deep 816:819 arg1 branch 821:826 a deep branch 814:826 a deep branch 814:826 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 4 47 theme fatty 310:314 arg1 acids 316:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 4 47 theme fatty 310:314 arg1 MK-7 412:415 MK-7 412:415 MK-7 412:415 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 4 47 theme fatty 310:314 arg1 iso-C 341:345 iso-C 341:345 iso-C(15:0) 341:351 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 4 47 theme fatty 310:314 arg1 iso-C 357:361 iso-C 357:361 iso-C(16:0) 357:367 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 4 47 theme fatty 310:314 arg1 quinone 401:407 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 374:407 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 374:407 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 5 48 theme polar 639:643 arg1 lipids 645:650 the polar lipids 635:650 the polar lipids 635:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the polar lipids. 25142210 7 49 theme sequence 892:899 arg1 homology 901:908 sequence homology 892:908 sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%) 892:966 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 10 50 theme type 1209:1212 arg1 CB4 1224:1226 CB4 1224:1226 CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)) 1224:1261 The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). 25142210 10 50 theme type 1209:1212 arg1 strain 1214:1219 The type strain 1205:1219 The type strain 1205:1219 The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). 25142210 2 51 attach isolated 108:115 arg2 strain 79:84 A novel bacterial strain 61:84 A novel bacterial strain designated CB4(T) 61:102 A novel bacterial strain designated CB4(T) was isolated from soil from the Hallasan, Jeju, Korea. 25142210 2 51 attach isolated 108:115 arg1 Korea 152:156 Korea 152:156 Korea 152:156 A novel bacterial strain designated CB4(T) was isolated from soil from the Hallasan, Jeju, Korea. 25142210 2 51 attach isolated 108:115 arg1 Jeju 146:149 Jeju 146:149 Jeju 146:149 A novel bacterial strain designated CB4(T) was isolated from soil from the Hallasan, Jeju, Korea. 25142210 2 51 attach isolated 108:115 arg1 soil 122:125 soil 122:125 soil 122:125 A novel bacterial strain designated CB4(T) was isolated from soil from the Hallasan, Jeju, Korea. 25142210 7 52 theme highest 875:881 arg1 level 883:887 the highest level 871:887 the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%) 871:966 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 7 53 theme genus 839:843 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 845:860 the genus Aneurinibacillus 835:860 the genus Aneurinibacillus 835:860 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). 25142210 3 54 theme creamy 258:263 arg1 colonies 273:280 creamy greyish colonies 258:280 creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar 258:297 Strain CB4(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. 25142210 4 55 theme predominant 378:388 arg1 acids 316:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 4 55 theme predominant 378:388 arg1 quinone 401:407 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 374:407 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 374:407 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. 25142210 6 56 theme G+C 669:671 arg1 content 673:679 The genomic DNA G+C content 653:679 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) 653:696 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 6 56 theme G+C 669:671 arg1 % 710:710 46.5 mol% 702:710 46.5 mol% 702:710 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. 25142210 8 57 theme strain 1050:1055 arg1 CB4 1057:1059 strain CB4 1050:1059 strain CB4(T) 1050:1062 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 8 57 theme strain 1050:1055 arg1 T 1061:1061 T 1061:1061 T 1061:1061 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 25142210 8 58 theme chemotaxonomic 1001:1014 arg1 characteristics 1033:1047 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 985:1047 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 985:1047 On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. 28905704 2 0 theme halophilic 129:138 arg1 strain 150:155 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain 98:155 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, 98:248 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 5 1 theme 4-aminobutyric 673:686 arg1 acid 688:691 additionally 4-aminobutyric acid 660:691 additionally 4-aminobutyric acid 660:691 Strain BV-35T displayed a peptidoglycan similar to type A4α, l-Lys-l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) but containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid. 28905704 1 2 dep actinobacterium 81:95 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium. 28905704 9 3 theme DNA-DNA 1027:1033 arg1 % 1085:1085 46.7 % 1080:1085 46.7 % 1080:1085 The DNA-DNA relatedness between BV-35T and N. populi was 46.7 %. 28905704 9 3 theme DNA-DNA 1027:1033 arg1 relatedness 1035:1045 The DNA-DNA relatedness 1023:1045 The DNA-DNA relatedness between BV-35T and N. populi 1023:1074 The DNA-DNA relatedness between BV-35T and N. populi was 46.7 %. 28905704 2 4 from pH 192:193 arg1 growth 182:187 optimal growth 174:187 optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, 174:248 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 7 5 theme 65.4 mol 873:880 arg1 content 844:850 The DNA G+C content 832:850 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T 832:867 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. 28905704 7 5 theme 65.4 mol 873:880 arg1 % 881:881 65.4 mol% 873:881 65.4 mol% 873:881 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. 28905704 3 6 theme orange-pigmented 346:361 arg1 colony 363:368 the orange-pigmented colony 342:368 the orange-pigmented colony 342:368 Cells of the orange-pigmented colony were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods. 28905704 2 7 from located 288:294 arg1 Hungary 324:330 Hungary 324:330 Hungary 324:330 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 1 8 theme alkaliphilic 42:53 arg1 actinobacterium 81:95 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 34:95 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 34:95 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium. 28905704 10 9 theme genus 1224:1228 arg1 Nesterenkonia 1230:1242 the genus Nesterenkonia 1220:1242 the genus Nesterenkonia 1220:1242 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 12 10 theme =DSM 1337:1340 arg1 02606T 1357:1362 =DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T 1337:1362 =DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T 1337:1362 The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T). 28905704 12 10 theme =DSM 1337:1340 arg1 BV-35T 1329:1334 BV-35T 1329:1334 BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T) 1329:1363 The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T). 28905704 2 11 theme optimal 174:180 arg1 growth 182:187 optimal growth 174:187 optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, 174:248 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 6 12 theme fatty 819:823 arg1 acids 825:829 its major cellular fatty acids 800:829 its major cellular fatty acids 800:829 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. 28905704 7 13 theme BV-35T 862:867 arg1 content 844:850 The DNA G+C content 832:850 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T 832:867 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. 28905704 7 13 theme BV-35T 862:867 arg1 % 881:881 65.4 mol% 873:881 65.4 mol% 873:881 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. 28905704 10 14 theme strain 1177:1182 arg1 BV-35T 1184:1189 strain BV-35T 1177:1189 strain BV-35T 1177:1189 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 10 15 theme novel 1204:1208 arg1 member 1210:1215 a novel member 1202:1215 a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp 1202:1289 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 10 16 theme Nesterenkonia 1264:1276 arg1 sp 1288:1289 the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp 1255:1289 the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp 1255:1289 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 6 17 theme cellular 810:817 arg1 acids 825:829 its major cellular fatty acids 800:829 its major cellular fatty acids 800:829 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. 28905704 6 18 theme isoprenoid 735:744 arg1 Menaquinone-7 694:706 Menaquinone-7 694:706 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 694:713 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. 28905704 6 18 theme isoprenoid 735:744 arg1 quinone 746:752 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 719:752 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 719:752 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. 28905704 3 19 theme non-endospore-forming 411:431 arg1 rods 441:444 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods 375:444 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods 375:444 Cells of the orange-pigmented colony were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods. 28905704 6 20 theme major 804:808 arg1 acids 825:829 its major cellular fatty acids 800:829 its major cellular fatty acids 800:829 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. 28905704 1 21 theme halophilic 70:79 arg1 actinobacterium 81:95 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 34:95 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 34:95 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium. 28905704 5 22 dep peptidoglycan 547:559 arg1 containing 649:658 containing 649:658 containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid 649:691 Strain BV-35T displayed a peptidoglycan similar to type A4α, l-Lys-l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) but containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid. 28905704 5 22 dep peptidoglycan 547:559 arg1 similar 561:567 similar 561:567 similar 561:567 Strain BV-35T displayed a peptidoglycan similar to type A4α, l-Lys-l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) but containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid. 28905704 3 23 theme coccoid 433:439 arg1 rods 441:444 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods 375:444 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods 375:444 Cells of the orange-pigmented colony were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods. 28905704 0 24 theme pannonica 14:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Nesterenkonia pannonica sp 0:25 Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 0:26 Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 8 25 theme populi 997:1002 arg1 10-3T 1007:1011 Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T 983:1011 Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %) 983:1020 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 8 25 theme populi 997:1002 arg1 % 1019:1019 97.9 % 1014:1019 97.9 % 1014:1019 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 2 26 theme pan 284:286 arg1 water 268:272 water 268:272 water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary 268:330 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 7 27 theme strain 855:860 arg1 BV-35T 862:867 strain BV-35T 855:867 strain BV-35T 855:867 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. 28905704 3 28 theme non-motile 396:405 arg1 rods 441:444 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods 375:444 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods 375:444 Cells of the orange-pigmented colony were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods. 28905704 0 29 theme Nesterenkonia 0:12 arg1 sp 24:25 Nesterenkonia pannonica sp 0:25 Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 0:26 Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 8 30 theme closest 959:965 arg1 relationship 967:978 the closest relationship 955:978 the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %) 955:1020 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 2 31 theme soda 279:282 arg1 pan 284:286 a soda pan 277:286 a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary 277:330 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 7 32 theme G+C 840:842 arg1 content 844:850 The DNA G+C content 832:850 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T 832:867 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. 28905704 7 32 theme G+C 840:842 arg1 % 881:881 65.4 mol% 873:881 65.4 mol% 873:881 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. 28905704 10 33 theme phenotypic 1107:1116 arg1 results 1130:1136 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results 1088:1136 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study 1088:1161 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 2 34 from Hungary 324:330 arg1 located 288:294 located 288:294 located 288:294 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 12 35 theme B 1355:1355 arg1 02606T 1357:1362 =DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T 1337:1362 =DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T 1337:1362 The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T). 28905704 12 35 theme B 1355:1355 arg1 BV-35T 1329:1334 BV-35T 1329:1334 BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T) 1329:1363 The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T). 28905704 10 36 theme distinguishing 1092:1105 arg1 results 1130:1136 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results 1088:1136 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study 1088:1161 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 8 37 theme rRNA 897:900 arg1 similarities 916:927 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 893:927 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 893:927 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 8 38 theme gene 902:905 arg1 similarities 916:927 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 893:927 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 893:927 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 8 39 theme 16S 893:895 arg1 similarities 916:927 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 893:927 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 893:927 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 3 40 theme Gram-stain-positive 375:393 arg1 rods 441:444 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods 375:444 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods 375:444 Cells of the orange-pigmented colony were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods. 28905704 10 41 theme name 1259:1262 arg1 sp 1288:1289 the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp 1255:1289 the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp 1255:1289 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 10 42 theme Nesterenkonia 1230:1242 arg1 member 1210:1215 a novel member 1202:1215 a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp 1202:1289 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 7 43 theme DNA 836:838 arg1 content 844:850 The DNA G+C content 832:850 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T 832:867 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. 28905704 7 43 theme DNA 836:838 arg1 % 881:881 65.4 mol% 873:881 65.4 mol% 873:881 The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. 28905704 2 44 theme alkaliphilic 101:112 arg1 strain 150:155 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain 98:155 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, 98:248 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 12 45 theme type 1314:1317 arg1 strain 1319:1324 The type strain 1310:1324 The type strain 1310:1324 The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T). 28905704 12 45 theme type 1314:1317 arg1 BV-35T 1329:1334 BV-35T 1329:1334 BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T) 1329:1363 The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T). 28905704 10 46 theme genetic 1122:1128 arg1 results 1130:1136 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results 1088:1136 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study 1088:1161 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 3 47 theme colony 363:368 arg1 Cells 333:337 Cells 333:337 Cells of the orange-pigmented colony 333:368 Cells of the orange-pigmented colony were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods. 28905704 10 48 theme pannonica 1278:1286 arg1 sp 1288:1289 the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp 1255:1289 the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp 1255:1289 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 2 49 theme w/v 220:222 arg1 NaCl 225:228 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl 213:228 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl 213:228 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 8 50 theme sequence 907:914 arg1 similarities 916:927 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 893:927 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 893:927 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 2 51 theme % 217:217 arg1 NaCl 225:228 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl 213:228 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl 213:228 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 9 52 dep BV-35T 1055:1060 arg1 populi 1069:1074 populi 1069:1074 populi 1069:1074 The DNA-DNA relatedness between BV-35T and N. populi was 46.7 %. 28905704 2 53 with growth 182:187 arg1 NaCl 225:228 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl 213:228 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl 213:228 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 2 54 attach isolated 254:261 arg1 water 268:272 water 268:272 water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary 268:330 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 2 54 attach isolated 254:261 arg2 strain 150:155 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain 98:155 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, 98:248 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 8 55 theme GP 1004:1005 arg1 10-3T 1007:1011 Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T 983:1011 Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %) 983:1020 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 8 55 theme GP 1004:1005 arg1 % 1019:1019 97.9 % 1014:1019 97.9 % 1014:1019 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 8 56 theme Nesterenkonia 983:995 arg1 10-3T 1007:1011 Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T 983:1011 Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %) 983:1020 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 8 56 theme Nesterenkonia 983:995 arg1 % 1019:1019 97.9 % 1014:1019 97.9 % 1014:1019 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 5 57 theme type 572:575 arg1 l-Lys-l-Glu 582:592 l-Lys-l-Glu 582:592 l-Lys-l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) 582:643 Strain BV-35T displayed a peptidoglycan similar to type A4α, l-Lys-l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) but containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid. 28905704 5 57 theme type 572:575 arg1 A4α 577:579 type A4α 572:579 type A4α 572:579 Strain BV-35T displayed a peptidoglycan similar to type A4α, l-Lys-l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) but containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid. 28905704 12 58 theme 29786T=NCAIM 1342:1353 arg1 02606T 1357:1362 =DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T 1337:1362 =DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T 1337:1362 The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T). 28905704 12 58 theme 29786T=NCAIM 1342:1353 arg1 BV-35T 1329:1334 BV-35T 1329:1334 BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T) 1329:1363 The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T). 28905704 5 59 theme Strain 521:526 arg1 BV-35T 528:533 Strain BV-35T 521:533 Strain BV-35T 521:533 Strain BV-35T displayed a peptidoglycan similar to type A4α, l-Lys-l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) but containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid. 28905704 2 60 theme located 288:294 arg1 pan 284:286 a soda pan 277:286 a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary 277:330 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 6 61 theme predominant 723:733 arg1 Menaquinone-7 694:706 Menaquinone-7 694:706 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 694:713 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. 28905704 6 61 theme predominant 723:733 arg1 quinone 746:752 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 719:752 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 719:752 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. 28905704 8 62 theme novel 934:938 arg1 isolate 940:946 the novel isolate 930:946 the novel isolate 930:946 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). 28905704 6 63 dep anteiso-C15  759:770 arg1  0 792:793  0 792:793  0 792:793 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. 28905704 6 63 dep anteiso-C15  759:770 arg1 anteiso-C17  779:790 anteiso-C17  779:790 anteiso-C17  779:790 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. 28905704 6 63 dep anteiso-C15  759:770 arg1  0 772:773  0 772:773  0 772:773 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. 28905704 10 64 theme study 1157:1161 arg1 results 1130:1136 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results 1088:1136 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study 1088:1161 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28905704 2 65 theme bacterial 140:148 arg1 strain 150:155 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain 98:155 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, 98:248 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28905704 1 66 theme novel 36:40 arg1 actinobacterium 81:95 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 34:95 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium 34:95 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium. 28905704 5 67 dep l-Lys-l-Glu 582:592 arg1 A11.54 595:600 A11.54 595:600 A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info 595:642 Strain BV-35T displayed a peptidoglycan similar to type A4α, l-Lys-l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) but containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid. 28905704 10 68 theme polyphasic 1146:1155 arg1 study 1157:1161 this polyphasic study 1141:1161 this polyphasic study 1141:1161 The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. 28809143 10 0 theme NRRL 1311:1314 arg1 B-41327T 1316:1323 NRRL B-41327T 1311:1323 NRRL B-41327T 1311:1323 The DNA G+C content was 45.7 and 44.3 mol% for NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T, respectively. 28809143 5 1 theme licheniformis 630:642 arg1 clade 644:648 the Bacillus licheniformis clade 617:648 the Bacillus licheniformis clade 617:648 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 6 2 theme further 696:702 arg1 analysis 704:711 further analysis 696:711 further analysis 696:711 The genome of each strain was sequenced, and further analysis indicated that the strains represented unique species based on in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. 28809143 11 3 theme phylogenetic 1462:1473 arg1 neighbours 1475:1484 its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1450:1484 its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1450:1484 Furthermore, each strain had a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours. 28809143 3 4 theme Agriculture 306:316 arg1 Collection 343:352 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 302:352 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 302:352 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 9 5 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1238:1256 arg1 acid 1258:1261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1238:1261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1238:1261 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 5 6 theme clade 644:648 arg1 members 606:612 members 606:612 members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade 606:648 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 9 7 theme cellular 1135:1142 arg1 acids 1150:1154 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1119:1154 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1119:1154 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 9 7 theme cellular 1135:1142 arg1 anteiso-C15  1161:1172 anteiso-C15  1161:1172 anteiso-C15  1161:1172 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 6 8 theme in 776:777 arg1 analyses 808:815 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses 776:815 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses 776:815 The genome of each strain was sequenced, and further analysis indicated that the strains represented unique species based on in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. 28809143 14 9 theme NRRL 1814:1817 arg1 70178T 1835:1840 =CCUG 70178T 1829:1840 =CCUG 70178T 1829:1840 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T). 28809143 14 9 theme NRRL 1814:1817 arg1 B-41327T 1819:1826 type strain NRRL B-41327T 1802:1826 type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T) 1802:1841 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T). 28809143 12 10 dep genus 1623:1627 arg1 Bacillus 1629:1636 the genus Bacillus 1619:1636 the genus Bacillus 1619:1636 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that these strains represent two novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus swezeyi sp. 28809143 6 11 theme hybridization 794:806 arg1 analyses 808:815 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses 776:815 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses 776:815 The genome of each strain was sequenced, and further analysis indicated that the strains represented unique species based on in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. 28809143 9 12 theme predominant 1123:1133 arg1 acids 1150:1154 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1119:1154 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1119:1154 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 9 12 theme predominant 1123:1133 arg1 anteiso-C15  1161:1172 anteiso-C15  1161:1172 anteiso-C15  1161:1172 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 7 13 theme NRRL 874:877 arg1 B-41327T 879:886 NRRL B-41327T 874:886 NRRL B-41327T 874:886 A phylogenomic analysis revealed that NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were closely related to the group that includes B. licheniformis. 28809143 8 14 theme of 1058:1059 arg1 temperatures 1045:1056 temperatures of 1045:1059 temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C 1045:1080 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 4 15 theme ecological 452:461 arg1 diversification 463:477 ecological diversification 452:477 ecological diversification 452:477 These strains were originally isolated from soil in Evolution Canyon III (Israel) in a survey of ecological diversification. 28809143 4 16 theme Evolution 407:415 arg1 Canyon 417:422 Evolution Canyon III 407:426 Evolution Canyon III 407:426 These strains were originally isolated from soil in Evolution Canyon III (Israel) in a survey of ecological diversification. 28809143 5 17 theme Phylogenetic 480:491 arg1 analysis 493:500 Phylogenetic analysis 480:500 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T 480:564 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 3 18 theme Culture 335:341 arg1 Collection 343:352 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 302:352 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 302:352 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 7 19 theme NRRL 856:859 arg1 B-41294T 861:868 NRRL B-41294T 856:868 NRRL B-41294T 856:868 A phylogenomic analysis revealed that NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were closely related to the group that includes B. licheniformis. 28809143 3 20 theme diversity 236:244 arg1 survey 222:227 a survey 220:227 a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 220:352 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 8 21 theme phenotypic 957:966 arg1 characterization 968:983 phenotypic characterization 957:983 phenotypic characterization 957:983 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 9 22 contain contained 1228:1236 arg1  0 1190:1191  0 1190:1191  0 1190:1191 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 9 22 contain contained 1228:1236 arg1 peptidoglycan 1198:1210 peptidoglycan 1198:1210 peptidoglycan 1198:1210 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 9 22 contain contained 1228:1236 arg1 iso-C15  1181:1188 iso-C15  1181:1188 iso-C15  1181:1188 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 9 22 contain contained 1228:1236 arg2 acid 1258:1261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1238:1261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1238:1261 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 9 22 contain contained 1228:1236 arg1  0 1174:1175  0 1174:1175  0 1174:1175 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 11 23 contain had 1383:1385 arg1 strain 1376:1381 each strain 1371:1381 each strain 1371:1381 Furthermore, each strain had a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours. 28809143 11 23 contain had 1383:1385 arg2 pattern 1415:1421 a unique carbon utilization pattern 1387:1421 a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1387:1484 Furthermore, each strain had a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours. 28809143 3 24 theme bacteria 188:195 arg1 isolates 89:96 Two isolates 85:96 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria 85:195 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 5 25 dep strains 526:532 arg1 B-41294T 539:546 NRRL B-41294T 534:546 NRRL B-41294T 534:546 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 5 25 dep strains 526:532 arg1 B-41327T 557:564 NRRL B-41327T 552:564 NRRL B-41327T 552:564 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 5 25 dep strains 526:532 arg1 strains 526:532 strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T 526:564 strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T 526:564 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 8 26 located found 1028:1032 arg2 B-41327T 1014:1021 NRRL B-41327T 1009:1021 NRRL B-41327T 1009:1021 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 8 26 located found 1028:1032 arg1 characterization 968:983 phenotypic characterization 957:983 phenotypic characterization 957:983 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 8 26 located found 1028:1032 arg2 B-41294T 996:1003 NRRL B-41294T 991:1003 NRRL B-41294T 991:1003 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 0 27 theme swezeyi 9:15 arg1 sp 17:18 Bacillus swezeyi sp 0:18 Bacillus swezeyi sp. 0:19 Bacillus swezeyi sp. 28809143 4 28 theme diversification 463:477 arg1 survey 442:447 a survey 440:447 a survey of ecological diversification 440:477 These strains were originally isolated from soil in Evolution Canyon III (Israel) in a survey of ecological diversification. 28809143 8 29 dep NaCl 1107:1110 arg1 up 1096:1097 up 1096:1097 up 1096:1097 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 13 30 theme =CCUG 1729:1733 arg1 B-41294T 1719:1726 type strain NRRL B-41294T 1702:1726 type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T) 1702:1741 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 13 30 theme =CCUG 1729:1733 arg1 70177T 1735:1740 =CCUG 70177T 1729:1740 =CCUG 70177T 1729:1740 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 14 31 theme strain 1807:1812 arg1 70178T 1835:1840 =CCUG 70178T 1829:1840 =CCUG 70178T 1829:1840 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T). 28809143 14 31 theme strain 1807:1812 arg1 B-41327T 1819:1826 type strain NRRL B-41327T 1802:1826 type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T) 1802:1841 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T). 28809143 0 32 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 17:18 Bacillus swezeyi sp 0:18 Bacillus swezeyi sp. 0:19 Bacillus swezeyi sp. 28809143 5 33 theme Bacillus 621:628 arg1 clade 644:648 the Bacillus licheniformis clade 617:648 the Bacillus licheniformis clade 617:648 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 13 34 theme strain 1707:1712 arg1 B-41294T 1719:1726 type strain NRRL B-41294T 1702:1726 type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T) 1702:1741 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 13 34 theme strain 1707:1712 arg1 70177T 1735:1740 =CCUG 70177T 1729:1740 =CCUG 70177T 1729:1740 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 3 35 dep Gram-reaction-positive 101:122 arg1 endospore-forming 170:186 endospore-forming 170:186 endospore-forming 170:186 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 3 35 dep Gram-reaction-positive 101:122 arg1 rod-shaped 158:167 rod-shaped 158:167 rod-shaped 158:167 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 3 35 dep Gram-reaction-positive 101:122 arg1 motile 150:155 motile 150:155 motile 150:155 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 3 35 dep Gram-reaction-positive 101:122 arg1 anaerobic 139:147 anaerobic 139:147 anaerobic 139:147 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 14 36 theme type 1802:1805 arg1 70178T 1835:1840 =CCUG 70178T 1829:1840 =CCUG 70178T 1829:1840 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T). 28809143 14 36 theme type 1802:1805 arg1 B-41327T 1819:1826 type strain NRRL B-41327T 1802:1826 type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T) 1802:1841 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T). 28809143 12 37 theme Bacillus 1658:1665 arg1 sp 1675:1676 name Bacillus swezeyi sp 1653:1676 the name Bacillus swezeyi sp 1649:1676 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that these strains represent two novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus swezeyi sp. 28809143 12 38 theme phenotypic 1532:1541 arg1 analyses 1543:1550 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1515:1550 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1515:1550 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that these strains represent two novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus swezeyi sp. 28809143 7 39 theme phylogenomic 820:831 arg1 analysis 833:840 A phylogenomic analysis 818:840 A phylogenomic analysis 818:840 A phylogenomic analysis revealed that NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were closely related to the group that includes B. licheniformis. 28809143 10 40 theme DNA 1268:1270 arg1 % 1305:1305 45.7 and 44.3 mol% 1288:1305 45.7 and 44.3 mol% for NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T, respectively 1288:1355 The DNA G+C content was 45.7 and 44.3 mol% for NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T, respectively. 28809143 10 40 theme DNA 1268:1270 arg1 content 1276:1282 The DNA G+C content 1264:1282 The DNA G+C content 1264:1282 The DNA G+C content was 45.7 and 44.3 mol% for NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T, respectively. 28809143 13 41 theme type 1702:1705 arg1 B-41294T 1719:1726 type strain NRRL B-41294T 1702:1726 type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T) 1702:1741 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 13 41 theme type 1702:1705 arg1 70177T 1735:1740 =CCUG 70177T 1729:1740 =CCUG 70177T 1729:1740 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 13 42 dep name 1752:1755 arg1 sp 1775:1776 Bacillus haynesii sp 1757:1776 the name Bacillus haynesii sp 1748:1776 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 13 43 theme Bacillus 1757:1764 arg1 sp 1775:1776 Bacillus haynesii sp 1757:1776 the name Bacillus haynesii sp 1748:1776 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 12 44 theme novel 1598:1602 arg1 species 1604:1610 two novel species 1594:1610 two novel species 1594:1610 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that these strains represent two novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus swezeyi sp. 28809143 6 45 theme strain 670:675 arg1 genome 655:660 The genome 651:660 The genome of each strain 651:675 The genome of each strain was sequenced, and further analysis indicated that the strains represented unique species based on in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. 28809143 3 46 theme strains 249:255 arg1 diversity 236:244 the diversity 232:244 the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 232:352 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 11 47 theme unique 1389:1394 arg1 pattern 1415:1421 a unique carbon utilization pattern 1387:1421 a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1387:1484 Furthermore, each strain had a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours. 28809143 12 48 theme name 1653:1656 arg1 sp 1675:1676 name Bacillus swezeyi sp 1653:1676 the name Bacillus swezeyi sp 1649:1676 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that these strains represent two novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus swezeyi sp. 28809143 8 49 theme NRRL 991:994 arg1 B-41294T 996:1003 NRRL B-41294T 991:1003 NRRL B-41294T 991:1003 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 13 50 theme haynesii 1766:1773 arg1 sp 1775:1776 Bacillus haynesii sp 1757:1776 the name Bacillus haynesii sp 1748:1776 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 5 51 theme strains 526:532 arg1 analysis 493:500 Phylogenetic analysis 480:500 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T 480:564 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 12 52 theme analyses 1543:1550 arg1 consensus 1502:1510 the consensus 1498:1510 the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1498:1550 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that these strains represent two novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus swezeyi sp. 28809143 9 53 from walls 1222:1226 arg1  0 1190:1191  0 1190:1191  0 1190:1191 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 9 53 from walls 1222:1226 arg1 peptidoglycan 1198:1210 peptidoglycan 1198:1210 peptidoglycan 1198:1210 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 9 53 from walls 1222:1226 arg1 iso-C15  1181:1188 iso-C15  1181:1188 iso-C15  1181:1188 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 9 53 from walls 1222:1226 arg1  0 1174:1175  0 1174:1175  0 1174:1175 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 2 54 theme desert 72:77 arg1 soil 79:82 desert soil 72:82 desert soil 72:82 nov., isolated from desert soil. 28809143 6 55 theme DNA-DNA 786:792 arg1 analyses 808:815 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses 776:815 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses 776:815 The genome of each strain was sequenced, and further analysis indicated that the strains represented unique species based on in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. 28809143 8 56 theme % 1105:1105 arg1 w/v 1113:1115 w/v 1113:1115 w/v 1113:1115 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 8 56 theme % 1105:1105 arg1 NaCl 1107:1110 12 % NaCl 1102:1110 12 % NaCl (w/v) 1102:1116 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 5 57 theme NRRL 534:537 arg1 B-41294T 539:546 NRRL B-41294T 534:546 NRRL B-41294T 534:546 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 5 57 theme NRRL 534:537 arg1 strains 526:532 strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T 526:564 strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T 526:564 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 4 58 attach isolated 385:392 arg2 strains 361:367 These strains 355:367 These strains 355:367 These strains were originally isolated from soil in Evolution Canyon III (Israel) in a survey of ecological diversification. 28809143 4 58 attach isolated 385:392 arg1 soil 399:402 soil 399:402 soil 399:402 These strains were originally isolated from soil in Evolution Canyon III (Israel) in a survey of ecological diversification. 28809143 10 59 theme NRRL 1329:1332 arg1 B-41294T 1334:1341 NRRL B-41294T 1329:1341 NRRL B-41294T 1329:1341 The DNA G+C content was 45.7 and 44.3 mol% for NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T, respectively. 28809143 4 60 dep isolated 385:392 arg1 Israel 429:434 Israel 429:434 Israel 429:434 These strains were originally isolated from soil in Evolution Canyon III (Israel) in a survey of ecological diversification. 28809143 8 61 theme NRRL 1009:1012 arg1 B-41327T 1014:1021 NRRL B-41327T 1009:1021 NRRL B-41327T 1009:1021 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 8 62 theme 12  1102:1104 arg1 % 1105:1105 % 1105:1105 % 1105:1105 In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 °C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). 28809143 5 63 theme NRRL 552:555 arg1 B-41327T 557:564 NRRL B-41327T 552:564 NRRL B-41327T 552:564 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 5 63 theme NRRL 552:555 arg1 strains 526:532 strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T 526:564 strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T 526:564 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 9 64 theme fatty 1144:1148 arg1 acids 1150:1154 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1119:1154 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1119:1154 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 9 64 theme fatty 1144:1148 arg1 anteiso-C15  1161:1172 anteiso-C15  1161:1172 anteiso-C15  1161:1172 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 10 65 theme G+C 1272:1274 arg1 % 1305:1305 45.7 and 44.3 mol% 1288:1305 45.7 and 44.3 mol% for NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T, respectively 1288:1355 The DNA G+C content was 45.7 and 44.3 mol% for NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T, respectively. 28809143 10 65 theme G+C 1272:1274 arg1 content 1276:1282 The DNA G+C content 1264:1282 The DNA G+C content 1264:1282 The DNA G+C content was 45.7 and 44.3 mol% for NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T, respectively. 28809143 5 66 theme gene 518:521 arg1 analysis 493:500 Phylogenetic analysis 480:500 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T 480:564 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 6 67 theme unique 752:757 arg1 species 759:765 unique species 752:765 unique species based on in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses 752:815 The genome of each strain was sequenced, and further analysis indicated that the strains represented unique species based on in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. 28809143 5 68 theme 16S 509:511 arg1 gene 518:521 the 16S rRNA gene 505:521 the 16S rRNA gene 505:521 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 11 69 theme utilization 1403:1413 arg1 pattern 1415:1421 a unique carbon utilization pattern 1387:1421 a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1387:1484 Furthermore, each strain had a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours. 28809143 12 70 theme swezeyi 1667:1673 arg1 sp 1675:1676 name Bacillus swezeyi sp 1653:1676 the name Bacillus swezeyi sp 1649:1676 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that these strains represent two novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus swezeyi sp. 28809143 6 71 dep in 776:777 arg1 silico 779:784 silico 779:784 silico 779:784 The genome of each strain was sequenced, and further analysis indicated that the strains represented unique species based on in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. 28809143 3 72 theme Research 318:325 arg1 Collection 343:352 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 302:352 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 302:352 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 9 73 theme cell 1217:1220 arg1 walls 1222:1226 cell walls 1217:1226 cell walls 1217:1226 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28809143 1 74 theme Bacillus 30:37 arg1 sp 48:49 Bacillus haynesii sp 30:49 Bacillus haynesii sp 30:49 nov. and Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 5 75 theme rRNA 513:516 arg1 gene 518:521 the 16S rRNA gene 505:521 the 16S rRNA gene 505:521 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. 28809143 11 76 theme carbon 1396:1401 arg1 pattern 1415:1421 a unique carbon utilization pattern 1387:1421 a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1387:1484 Furthermore, each strain had a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours. 28809143 12 77 theme phylogenetic 1515:1526 arg1 analyses 1543:1550 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1515:1550 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1515:1550 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that these strains represent two novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus swezeyi sp. 28809143 3 78 theme Service 327:333 arg1 Collection 343:352 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 302:352 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 302:352 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 1 79 theme haynesii 39:46 arg1 sp 48:49 Bacillus haynesii sp 30:49 Bacillus haynesii sp 30:49 nov. and Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 3 80 theme Gram-reaction-positive 101:122 arg1 bacteria 188:195 Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria 101:195 Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria 101:195 Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 28809143 14 81 theme =CCUG 1829:1833 arg1 70178T 1835:1840 =CCUG 70178T 1829:1840 =CCUG 70178T 1829:1840 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T). 28809143 14 81 theme =CCUG 1829:1833 arg1 B-41327T 1819:1826 type strain NRRL B-41327T 1802:1826 type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T) 1802:1841 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T). 28809143 11 82 theme nearest 1454:1460 arg1 neighbours 1475:1484 its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1450:1484 its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1450:1484 Furthermore, each strain had a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours. 28809143 13 83 theme NRRL 1714:1717 arg1 B-41294T 1719:1726 type strain NRRL B-41294T 1702:1726 type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T) 1702:1741 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28809143 13 83 theme NRRL 1714:1717 arg1 70177T 1735:1740 =CCUG 70177T 1729:1740 =CCUG 70177T 1729:1740 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. 28792377 12 0 theme strain 1297:1302 arg1 A2T 1304:1306 strain A2T 1297:1306 strain A2T 1297:1306 From the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain A2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 5 1 theme Strain 421:426 arg1 A2T 428:430 Strain A2T 421:430 Strain A2T 421:430 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 12 2 theme molecular 1277:1285 arg1 features 1287:1294 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features 1242:1294 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features 1242:1294 From the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain A2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 7 3 theme rRNA 605:608 arg1 sequences 615:623 16S rRNA gene sequences 601:623 16S rRNA gene sequences 601:623 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A2T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Leucobacter. 28792377 14 4 theme 17571T=JCM 1473:1482 arg1 A2T 1462:1464 A2T 1462:1464 A2T (=KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T) 1462:1490 The type strain is A2T (=KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T). 28792377 14 4 theme 17571T=JCM 1473:1482 arg1 19316T 1484:1489 =KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T 1467:1489 =KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T 1467:1489 The type strain is A2T (=KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T). 28792377 12 5 dep name 1392:1395 arg1 sp 1421:1422 Leucobacter ruminantium sp 1397:1422 the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp 1388:1422 From the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain A2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 8 6 theme Leucobacter 833:843 arg1 70/01T 854:859 Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T 833:859 Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %) 833:868 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 6 theme Leucobacter 833:843 arg1 % 867:867 97.2 % 862:867 97.2 % 862:867 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 7 7 theme Phylogenetic 570:581 arg1 analysis 583:590 Phylogenetic analysis 570:590 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 570:623 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A2T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Leucobacter. 28792377 7 8 theme gene 610:613 arg1 sequences 615:623 16S rRNA gene sequences 601:623 16S rRNA gene sequences 601:623 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A2T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Leucobacter. 28792377 14 9 theme =KACC 1467:1471 arg1 A2T 1462:1464 A2T 1462:1464 A2T (=KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T) 1462:1490 The type strain is A2T (=KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T). 28792377 14 9 theme =KACC 1467:1471 arg1 19316T 1484:1489 =KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T 1467:1489 =KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T 1467:1489 The type strain is A2T (=KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T). 28792377 12 10 theme phenotypic 1246:1255 arg1 features 1287:1294 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features 1242:1294 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features 1242:1294 From the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain A2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 4 11 dep optimum 346:352 arg1 pH 355:356 pH 7.5 355:360 pH 7.5 355:360 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 9 12 theme polar 881:885 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 913:934 diphosphatidylglycerol 913:934 diphosphatidylglycerol 913:934 The major polar lipids of strain A2T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28792377 9 12 theme polar 881:885 arg1 lipids 887:892 The major polar lipids 871:892 The major polar lipids of strain A2T 871:906 The major polar lipids of strain A2T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28792377 4 13 theme w/v 395:397 arg1 optimum 406:412 optimum 406:412 optimum 406:412 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 4 13 theme w/v 395:397 arg1 NaCl 400:403 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl 386:403 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %) 386:418 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 8 14 theme K 852:852 arg1 70/01T 854:859 Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T 833:859 Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %) 833:868 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 14 theme K 852:852 arg1 % 867:867 97.2 % 862:867 97.2 % 862:867 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 1 15 theme bovine 52:57 arg1 rumen 59:63 the bovine rumen 48:63 the bovine rumen 48:63 nov., isolated from the bovine rumen. 28792377 4 16 theme A2T 281:283 arg1 Growth 264:269 Growth 264:269 Growth of strain A2T 264:283 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 7 17 theme 16S 601:603 arg1 sequences 615:623 16S rRNA gene sequences 601:623 16S rRNA gene sequences 601:623 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A2T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Leucobacter. 28792377 10 18 theme diamino 1093:1099 arg1 peptidoglycan 1028:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan 1006:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1006:1073 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 10 18 theme diamino 1093:1099 arg1 acid 1101:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 4 19 dep optimum 311:317 arg1 37-40 °C 320:327 37-40 °C 320:327 37-40 °C 320:327 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 5 20 theme cellular 487:494 arg1 acids 502:506 the major cellular fatty acids 477:506 the major cellular fatty acids 477:506 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 5 20 theme cellular 487:494 arg1 iso-C16  442:449 iso-C16  442:449 iso-C16  442:449 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 5 21 theme major 481:485 arg1 acids 502:506 the major cellular fatty acids 477:506 the major cellular fatty acids 477:506 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 5 21 theme major 481:485 arg1 iso-C16  442:449 iso-C16  442:449 iso-C16  442:449 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 12 22 theme chemotaxonomic 1258:1271 arg1 features 1287:1294 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features 1242:1294 the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features 1242:1294 From the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain A2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 4 23 theme strain 274:279 arg1 A2T 281:283 strain A2T 274:283 strain A2T 274:283 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 4 24 theme NaCl 400:403 arg1 presence 374:381 the presence 370:381 the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %) 370:418 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 5 25 theme fatty 496:500 arg1 acids 502:506 the major cellular fatty acids 477:506 the major cellular fatty acids 477:506 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 5 25 theme fatty 496:500 arg1 iso-C16  442:449 iso-C16  442:449 iso-C16  442:449 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 8 26 theme Leucobacter 753:763 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 26 theme Leucobacter 753:763 arg1 A23 782:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 752:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 752:827 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 2 27 theme Gram-stain-positive 68:86 arg1 bacterium 136:144 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 66:144 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 66:144 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain A2T, was isolated from the rumen of cow. 28792377 14 28 theme type 1447:1450 arg1 A2T 1462:1464 A2T 1462:1464 A2T (=KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T) 1462:1490 The type strain is A2T (=KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T). 28792377 14 28 theme type 1447:1450 arg1 strain 1452:1457 The type strain 1443:1457 The type strain 1443:1457 The type strain is A2T (=KACC 17571T=JCM 19316T). 28792377 10 29 theme 4-aminobutyric 1169:1182 arg1 acid 1184:1187 4-aminobutyric acid 1169:1187 4-aminobutyric acid 1169:1187 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 2 30 attach isolated 174:181 arg2 bacterium 136:144 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 66:144 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 66:144 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain A2T, was isolated from the rumen of cow. 28792377 2 30 attach isolated 174:181 arg1 rumen 192:196 the rumen 188:196 the rumen of cow 188:203 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain A2T, was isolated from the rumen of cow. 28792377 12 31 theme Leucobacter 1397:1407 arg1 sp 1421:1422 Leucobacter ruminantium sp 1397:1422 the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp 1388:1422 From the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain A2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 10 32 theme Strain 985:990 arg1 A2T 992:994 Strain A2T 985:994 Strain A2T 985:994 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 8 33 theme tardus 845:850 arg1 70/01T 854:859 Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T 833:859 Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %) 833:868 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 33 theme tardus 845:850 arg1 % 867:867 97.2 % 862:867 97.2 % 862:867 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 10 34 link cross-linked 1015:1026 arg1 peptidoglycan 1028:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan 1006:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1006:1073 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 10 34 link cross-linked 1015:1026 arg1 acid 1101:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 6 35 theme respiratory 549:559 arg1 quinone 561:567 the sole respiratory quinone 540:567 the sole respiratory quinone 540:567 Menaquinone-11 was detected as the sole respiratory quinone. 28792377 6 35 theme respiratory 549:559 arg1 Menaquinone-11 509:522 Menaquinone-11 509:522 Menaquinone-11 509:522 Menaquinone-11 was detected as the sole respiratory quinone. 28792377 11 36 theme G+C 1194:1196 arg1 content 1198:1204 The G+C content 1190:1204 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1190:1223 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.0 %. 28792377 11 36 theme G+C 1194:1196 arg1 % 1234:1234 67.0 % 1229:1234 67.0 % 1229:1234 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.0 %. 28792377 7 37 theme phyletic 666:673 arg1 lineage 675:681 a distinct phyletic lineage 655:681 a distinct phyletic lineage 655:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A2T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Leucobacter. 28792377 6 38 theme sole 544:547 arg1 quinone 561:567 the sole respiratory quinone 540:567 the sole respiratory quinone 540:567 Menaquinone-11 was detected as the sole respiratory quinone. 28792377 6 38 theme sole 544:547 arg1 Menaquinone-11 509:522 Menaquinone-11 509:522 Menaquinone-11 509:522 Menaquinone-11 was detected as the sole respiratory quinone. 28792377 11 39 theme DNA 1221:1223 arg1 content 1198:1204 The G+C content 1190:1204 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1190:1223 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.0 %. 28792377 11 39 theme DNA 1221:1223 arg1 % 1234:1234 67.0 % 1229:1234 67.0 % 1229:1234 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.0 %. 28792377 8 40 theme Strain 713:718 arg1 A2T 720:722 Strain A2T 713:722 Strain A2T 713:722 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 9 41 theme unknown 965:971 arg1 glycolipid 973:982 an unknown glycolipid 962:982 an unknown glycolipid 962:982 The major polar lipids of strain A2T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28792377 3 42 dep catalase-positive 217:233 arg1 oxidase-positive 246:261 oxidase-positive 246:261 oxidase-positive 246:261 Cells were catalase-positive and weakly oxidase-positive. 28792377 10 43 theme cross-linked 1015:1026 arg1 peptidoglycan 1028:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan 1006:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1006:1073 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 10 43 theme cross-linked 1015:1026 arg1 acid 1101:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 4 44 located observed 289:296 arg1 optimum 311:317 optimum 311:317 optimum 311:317 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 4 44 located observed 289:296 arg1 25-45 °C 301:308 25-45 °C 301:308 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C) 301:328 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 4 44 located observed 289:296 arg2 Growth 264:269 Growth 264:269 Growth of strain A2T 264:283 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 4 45 theme % 392:392 arg1 optimum 406:412 optimum 406:412 optimum 406:412 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 4 45 theme % 392:392 arg1 NaCl 400:403 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl 386:403 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %) 386:418 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 8 46 theme % 792:792 arg1 A23 782:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 752:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 752:827 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 46 theme % 792:792 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 10 47 theme glutamic 1143:1150 arg1 acid 1152:1155 glutamic acid 1143:1155 glutamic acid 1143:1155 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 7 48 theme distinct 657:664 arg1 lineage 675:681 a distinct phyletic lineage 655:681 a distinct phyletic lineage 655:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A2T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Leucobacter. 28792377 12 49 theme Leucobacter 1365:1375 arg1 species 1344:1350 a novel species 1336:1350 a novel species 1336:1350 From the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain A2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 2 50 theme strain 158:163 arg1 A2T 165:167 strain A2T 158:167 strain A2T 158:167 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain A2T, was isolated from the rumen of cow. 28792377 2 51 theme cow 201:203 arg1 rumen 192:196 the rumen 188:196 the rumen of cow 188:203 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain A2T, was isolated from the rumen of cow. 28792377 8 52 theme 97.7  787:791 arg1 % 792:792 % 792:792 % 792:792 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 5 53 dep iso-C16  442:449 arg1 anteiso-C15  458:469 anteiso-C15  458:469 anteiso-C15  458:469 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 5 53 dep iso-C16  442:449 arg1  0 451:452  0 451:452  0 451:452 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 5 53 dep iso-C16  442:449 arg1  0 471:472  0 471:472  0 471:472 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 11 54 theme genomic 1213:1219 arg1 DNA 1221:1223 the genomic DNA 1209:1223 the genomic DNA 1209:1223 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.0 %. 28792377 4 55 dep optimum 406:412 arg1 % 417:417 1 % 415:417 1 % 415:417 Growth of strain A2T was observed at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 28792377 8 56 theme rRNA 798:801 arg1 A23 782:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 752:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 752:827 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 56 theme rRNA 798:801 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 12 57 theme genus 1359:1363 arg1 Leucobacter 1365:1375 the genus Leucobacter 1355:1375 the genus Leucobacter 1355:1375 From the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain A2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 8 58 theme 16S 794:796 arg1 A23 782:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 752:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 752:827 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 58 theme 16S 794:796 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 5 59 contain contained 432:440 arg2 iso-C16  442:449 iso-C16  442:449 iso-C16  442:449 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 5 59 contain contained 432:440 arg1 A2T 428:430 Strain A2T 421:430 Strain A2T 421:430 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 5 59 contain contained 432:440 arg2 acids 502:506 the major cellular fatty acids 477:506 the major cellular fatty acids 477:506 Strain A2T contained iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 28792377 10 60 contain contained 996:1004 arg2 peptidoglycan 1028:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan 1006:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1006:1073 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 10 60 contain contained 996:1004 arg1 A2T 992:994 Strain A2T 985:994 Strain A2T 985:994 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 10 60 contain contained 996:1004 arg2 acid 1101:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 10 61 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 1051:1068 arg1 acid 1070:1073 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1051:1073 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1051:1073 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 12 62 theme novel 1338:1342 arg1 species 1344:1350 a novel species 1336:1350 a novel species 1336:1350 From the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain A2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 0 63 dep sp 24:25 arg1 Leucobacter 0:10 Leucobacter 0:10 Leucobacter 0:10 Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 8 64 theme sequence 808:815 arg1 A23 782:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 752:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 752:827 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 64 theme sequence 808:815 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 65 theme margaritiformis 765:779 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 65 theme margaritiformis 765:779 arg1 A23 782:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 752:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 752:827 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 7 66 theme genus 694:698 arg1 Leucobacter 700:710 the genus Leucobacter 690:710 the genus Leucobacter 690:710 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A2T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Leucobacter. 28792377 7 67 theme strain 637:642 arg1 A2T 644:646 strain A2T 637:646 strain A2T 637:646 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A2T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Leucobacter. 28792377 10 68 theme diagnostic 1082:1091 arg1 peptidoglycan 1028:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan 1006:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1006:1073 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 10 68 theme diagnostic 1082:1091 arg1 acid 1101:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 9 69 theme strain 897:902 arg1 A2T 904:906 strain A2T 897:906 strain A2T 897:906 The major polar lipids of strain A2T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28792377 8 70 theme gene 803:806 arg1 A23 782:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 752:784 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 752:827 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 8 70 theme gene 803:806 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:826 Strain A2T was most closely related to 'Leucobacter margaritiformis' A23 (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Leucobacter tardus K 70/01T (97.2 %). 28792377 9 71 theme major 875:879 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 913:934 diphosphatidylglycerol 913:934 diphosphatidylglycerol 913:934 The major polar lipids of strain A2T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28792377 9 71 theme major 875:879 arg1 lipids 887:892 The major polar lipids 871:892 The major polar lipids of strain A2T 871:906 The major polar lipids of strain A2T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28792377 12 72 theme ruminantium 1409:1419 arg1 sp 1421:1422 Leucobacter ruminantium sp 1397:1422 the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp 1388:1422 From the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain A2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 2 73 dep Gram-stain-positive 68:86 arg1 non-motile 113:122 non-motile 113:122 non-motile 113:122 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain A2T, was isolated from the rumen of cow. 28792377 2 73 dep Gram-stain-positive 68:86 arg1 yellow-pigmented 95:110 yellow-pigmented 95:110 yellow-pigmented 95:110 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain A2T, was isolated from the rumen of cow. 28792377 2 73 dep Gram-stain-positive 68:86 arg1 rod-shaped 125:134 rod-shaped 125:134 rod-shaped 125:134 A Gram-stain-positive, lemon yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain A2T, was isolated from the rumen of cow. 28792377 0 74 dep Leucobacter 0:10 arg1 ruminantium 12:22 Leucobacter ruminantium 0:22 Leucobacter ruminantium 0:22 Leucobacter ruminantium sp. 28792377 9 75 theme A2T 904:906 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 913:934 diphosphatidylglycerol 913:934 diphosphatidylglycerol 913:934 The major polar lipids of strain A2T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28792377 9 75 theme A2T 904:906 arg1 lipids 887:892 The major polar lipids 871:892 The major polar lipids of strain A2T 871:906 The major polar lipids of strain A2T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. 28792377 10 76 theme B-type 1008:1013 arg1 peptidoglycan 1028:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan 1006:1040 a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1006:1073 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28792377 10 76 theme B-type 1008:1013 arg1 acid 1101:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 the diagnostic diamino acid 1078:1104 Strain A2T contained a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid with threonine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid but lacking 4-aminobutyric acid. 28629492 1 0 with nov. 29:32 arg1 applications 86:97 potential applications 76:97 potential applications in cosmetics 76:110 nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil, with potential applications in cosmetics. 28629492 9 1 theme major 1157:1161 arg1 iso-C16  1189:1196 iso-C16  1189:1196 iso-C16  1189:1196 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 9 1 theme major 1157:1161 arg1 acids 1178:1182 The major cellular fatty acids 1153:1182 The major cellular fatty acids 1153:1182 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 6 2 theme sequence 873:880 arg1 similarity 882:891 The sequence similarity 869:891 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus 869:961 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus was less than 96.5 %. 28629492 6 2 theme sequence 873:880 arg1 % 982:982 less than 96.5 % 967:982 less than 96.5 % 967:982 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus was less than 96.5 %. 28629492 12 3 theme name 1635:1638 arg1 sp 1665:1666 the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1631:1666 the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1631:1666 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 9 4 theme fatty 1172:1176 arg1 iso-C16  1189:1196 iso-C16  1189:1196 iso-C16  1189:1196 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 9 4 theme fatty 1172:1176 arg1 acids 1178:1182 The major cellular fatty acids 1153:1182 The major cellular fatty acids 1153:1182 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 12 5 theme terrae 1658:1663 arg1 sp 1665:1666 the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1631:1666 the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1631:1666 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 2 6 theme Gram-stain-positive 125:143 arg1 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium 113:250 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 6 theme Gram-stain-positive 125:143 arg1 R161T 271:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 0 7 theme Calidifontibacter 0:16 arg1 sp 25:26 Calidifontibacter terrae sp 0:26 Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 0:27 Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 5 8 theme 45900T 851:856 arg1 strains 753:759 type strains 748:759 type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %) 748:866 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 4 9 theme enzyme 538:543 arg1 activities 556:565 enzyme inhibitory activities 538:565 enzyme inhibitory activities 538:565 Strain R161T showed antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory activities. 28629492 11 10 theme JCM 1449:1451 arg1 16038T 1453:1458 C. indicus JCM 16038T 1438:1458 C. indicus JCM 16038T 1438:1458 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain R161T and C. indicus JCM 16038T was 52.1 %. 28629492 11 11 theme C. 1438:1439 arg1 16038T 1453:1458 C. indicus JCM 16038T 1438:1458 C. indicus JCM 16038T 1438:1458 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain R161T and C. indicus JCM 16038T was 52.1 %. 28629492 12 12 theme phenotypic 1488:1497 arg1 analysis 1543:1550 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1488:1550 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1488:1550 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 15 13 theme 18906T=JCM 1771:1780 arg1 31558T 1782:1787 =KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T 1750:1787 =KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T 1750:1787 nov. is R161T (=KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T). 28629492 15 13 theme 18906T=JCM 1771:1780 arg1 R161T 1743:1747 R161T 1743:1747 R161T (=KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T) 1743:1788 nov. is R161T (=KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T). 28629492 2 14 attach isolated 282:289 arg1 soil 296:299 soil 296:299 soil 296:299 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 14 attach isolated 282:289 arg2 R161T 271:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 14 attach isolated 282:289 arg2 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium 113:250 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 6 15 theme type 914:917 arg1 strains 919:925 type strains 914:925 type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus 914:961 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus was less than 96.5 %. 28629492 15 16 theme =KEMB 1750:1754 arg1 31558T 1782:1787 =KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T 1750:1787 =KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T 1750:1787 nov. is R161T (=KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T). 28629492 15 16 theme =KEMB 1750:1754 arg1 R161T 1743:1747 R161T 1743:1747 R161T (=KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T) 1743:1788 nov. is R161T (=KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T). 28629492 6 17 theme R161T 903:907 arg1 similarity 882:891 The sequence similarity 869:891 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus 869:961 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus was less than 96.5 %. 28629492 6 17 theme R161T 903:907 arg1 % 982:982 less than 96.5 % 967:982 less than 96.5 % 967:982 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus was less than 96.5 %. 28629492 11 18 theme DNA-DNA 1385:1391 arg1 hybridization 1393:1405 DNA-DNA hybridization 1385:1405 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain R161T and C. indicus JCM 16038T 1381:1458 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain R161T and C. indicus JCM 16038T was 52.1 %. 28629492 7 19 theme major 989:993 arg1 menaquinone 995:1005 The major menaquinone 985:1005 The major menaquinone 985:1005 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). 28629492 7 19 theme major 989:993 arg1 MK-8 1011:1014 MK-8 1011:1014 MK-8(H4) 1011:1018 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). 28629492 12 20 theme Calidifontibacter 1602:1618 arg1 species 1585:1591 a novel species 1577:1591 a novel species 1577:1591 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 2 21 theme designated 253:262 arg1 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium 113:250 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 21 theme designated 253:262 arg1 R161T 271:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 14 22 theme terrae 1724:1729 arg1 sp 1731:1732 Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1706:1732 Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1706:1732 The type strain of Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 5 23 theme family 681:686 arg1 Dermacoccaceae 688:701 the family Dermacoccaceae 677:701 the family Dermacoccaceae 677:701 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 11 24 theme strain 1421:1426 arg1 R161T 1428:1432 strain R161T 1421:1432 strain R161T 1421:1432 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain R161T and C. indicus JCM 16038T was 52.1 %. 28629492 5 25 theme Calidifontibacter 764:780 arg1 IW02T 793:797 Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T 764:797 Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) 764:827 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 5 25 theme Calidifontibacter 764:780 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.71 % sequence similarity 800:826 97.71 % sequence similarity 800:826 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 12 26 theme novel 1579:1583 arg1 species 1585:1591 a novel species 1577:1591 a novel species 1577:1591 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 10 27 theme G+C 1338:1340 arg1 content 1342:1348 The DNA G+C content 1330:1348 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T 1330:1364 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T was 73.9 mol%. 28629492 10 27 theme G+C 1338:1340 arg1 % 1378:1378 73.9 mol% 1370:1378 73.9 mol% 1370:1378 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T was 73.9 mol%. 28629492 5 28 theme sequence 723:730 arg1 similarity 732:741 highest sequence similarity 715:741 highest sequence similarity 715:741 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 5 29 theme 16S 603:605 arg1 rRNA 607:610 the 16S rRNA 599:610 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 599:624 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 6 30 theme genus 945:949 arg1 Dermacoccus 951:961 the genus Dermacoccus 941:961 the genus Dermacoccus 941:961 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus was less than 96.5 %. 28629492 10 31 theme 73.9 mol 1370:1377 arg1 content 1342:1348 The DNA G+C content 1330:1348 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T 1330:1364 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T was 73.9 mol%. 28629492 10 31 theme 73.9 mol 1370:1377 arg1 % 1378:1378 73.9 mol% 1370:1378 73.9 mol% 1370:1378 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T was 73.9 mol%. 28629492 12 32 theme strain 1553:1558 arg1 R161T 1560:1564 strain R161T 1553:1564 strain R161T 1553:1564 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 10 33 theme R161T 1360:1364 arg1 content 1342:1348 The DNA G+C content 1330:1348 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T 1330:1364 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T was 73.9 mol%. 28629492 10 33 theme R161T 1360:1364 arg1 % 1378:1378 73.9 mol% 1370:1378 73.9 mol% 1370:1378 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T was 73.9 mol%. 28629492 5 34 theme % 806:806 arg1 IW02T 793:797 Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T 764:797 Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) 764:827 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 5 34 theme % 806:806 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.71 % sequence similarity 800:826 97.71 % sequence similarity 800:826 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 1 35 theme potential 76:84 arg1 applications 86:97 potential applications 76:97 potential applications in cosmetics 76:110 nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil, with potential applications in cosmetics. 28629492 3 36 theme glutamic 374:381 arg1 glycine 365:371 glycine 365:371 glycine 365:371 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 3 36 theme glutamic 374:381 arg1 acid 383:386 glutamic acid 374:386 glutamic acid 374:386 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 4 37 theme inhibitory 545:554 arg1 activities 556:565 enzyme inhibitory activities 538:565 enzyme inhibitory activities 538:565 Strain R161T showed antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory activities. 28629492 5 38 theme PC 790:791 arg1 IW02T 793:797 Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T 764:797 Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) 764:827 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 5 38 theme PC 790:791 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.71 % sequence similarity 800:826 97.71 % sequence similarity 800:826 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 8 39 theme major 1025:1029 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1049:1070 diphosphatidylglycerol 1049:1070 diphosphatidylglycerol 1049:1070 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 28629492 8 39 theme major 1025:1029 arg1 lipids 1037:1042 The major polar lipids 1021:1042 The major polar lipids 1021:1042 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 28629492 3 40 contain contained 355:363 arg2 acid 407:410 aspartic acid 398:410 aspartic acid 398:410 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 3 40 contain contained 355:363 arg1 peptidoglycan 341:353 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 327:353 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 327:353 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 3 40 contain contained 355:363 arg2 acid 383:386 glutamic acid 374:386 glutamic acid 374:386 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 3 40 contain contained 355:363 arg2 alanine 389:395 alanine 389:395 alanine 389:395 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 3 40 contain contained 355:363 arg2 serine 413:418 serine 413:418 serine 413:418 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 3 40 contain contained 355:363 arg2 glycine 365:371 glycine 365:371 glycine 365:371 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 3 40 contain contained 355:363 arg2 lysine 424:429 lysine 424:429 lysine 424:429 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 4 41 theme Strain 500:505 arg1 R161T 507:511 Strain R161T 500:511 Strain R161T 500:511 Strain R161T showed antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory activities. 28629492 11 42 dep C. 1438:1439 arg1 indicus 1441:1447 indicus 1441:1447 indicus 1441:1447 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain R161T and C. indicus JCM 16038T was 52.1 %. 28629492 6 43 theme strain 896:901 arg1 R161T 903:907 strain R161T 896:907 strain R161T 896:907 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus was less than 96.5 %. 28629492 5 44 theme strain 640:645 arg1 R161T 647:651 strain R161T 640:651 strain R161T 640:651 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 12 45 theme Calidifontibacter 1640:1656 arg1 sp 1665:1666 the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1631:1666 the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1631:1666 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 9 46 theme cellular 1163:1170 arg1 iso-C16  1189:1196 iso-C16  1189:1196 iso-C16  1189:1196 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 9 46 theme cellular 1163:1170 arg1 acids 1178:1182 The major cellular fatty acids 1153:1182 The major cellular fatty acids 1153:1182 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 8 47 theme phosphatidylinositol 1120:1139 arg1 mannosides 1141:1150 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1120:1150 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1120:1150 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 28629492 5 48 theme gene 612:615 arg1 sequence 617:624 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 599:624 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 599:624 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 5 49 theme YIM 847:849 arg1 45900T 851:856 Yimella lutea YIM 45900T 833:856 Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %) 833:866 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 5 49 theme YIM 847:849 arg1 % 865:865 97.58 % 859:865 97.58 % 859:865 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 1 50 attach isolated 51:58 arg2 actinomycete 38:49 an actinomycete 35:49 an actinomycete isolated from soil 35:68 nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil, with potential applications in cosmetics. 28629492 1 50 attach isolated 51:58 arg1 soil 65:68 soil 65:68 soil 65:68 nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil, with potential applications in cosmetics. 28629492 1 50 attach isolated 51:58 arg2 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil, with potential applications in cosmetics. 28629492 6 51 theme members 930:936 arg1 strains 919:925 type strains 914:925 type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus 914:961 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus was less than 96.5 %. 28629492 15 52 theme 9005-404T=KACC 1756:1769 arg1 31558T 1782:1787 =KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T 1750:1787 =KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T 1750:1787 nov. is R161T (=KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T). 28629492 15 52 theme 9005-404T=KACC 1756:1769 arg1 R161T 1743:1747 R161T 1743:1747 R161T (=KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T) 1743:1788 nov. is R161T (=KEMB 9005-404T=KACC 18906T=JCM 31558T). 28629492 5 53 theme Yimella 833:839 arg1 45900T 851:856 Yimella lutea YIM 45900T 833:856 Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %) 833:866 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 5 53 theme Yimella 833:839 arg1 % 865:865 97.58 % 859:865 97.58 % 859:865 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 2 54 theme creamish-white-coloured 218:240 arg1 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium 113:250 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 54 theme creamish-white-coloured 218:240 arg1 R161T 271:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 5 55 theme type 748:751 arg1 strains 753:759 type strains 748:759 type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %) 748:866 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 2 56 theme strain 264:269 arg1 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium 113:250 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 56 theme strain 264:269 arg1 R161T 271:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 14 57 theme sp 1731:1732 arg1 strain 1696:1701 The type strain 1687:1701 The type strain of Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1687:1732 The type strain of Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 12 58 theme genus 1596:1600 arg1 Calidifontibacter 1602:1618 genus Calidifontibacter 1596:1618 genus Calidifontibacter 1596:1618 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 3 59 theme cell-wall 331:339 arg1 peptidoglycan 341:353 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 327:353 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 327:353 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 14 60 theme Calidifontibacter 1706:1722 arg1 sp 1731:1732 Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1706:1732 Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1706:1732 The type strain of Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 9 61 dep  0 1198:1199 arg1 feature 1261:1267 summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c 1254:1285 summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c 1254:1285 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 9 61 dep  0 1198:1199 arg1 anteiso-C17  1202:1213 anteiso-C17  1202:1213 anteiso-C17  1202:1213 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 9 61 dep  0 1198:1199 arg1 C16  1294:1297 C16  1294:1297 C16  1294:1297 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 9 61 dep  0 1198:1199 arg1  0 1215:1216  0 1215:1216  0 1215:1216 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 9 61 dep  0 1198:1199 arg1 anteiso-C17  1234:1245 anteiso-C17  1234:1245 anteiso-C17  1234:1245 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 9 61 dep  0 1198:1199 arg1  1ω9c 1247:1251  1ω9c 1247:1251  1ω9c 1247:1251 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 9 61 dep  0 1198:1199 arg1 iso-C16  1219:1226 iso-C16  1219:1226 iso-C16  1219:1226 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 9 61 dep  0 1198:1199 arg1  1 H 1228:1231  1 H 1228:1231  1 H 1228:1231 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 11 62 theme hybridization 1393:1405 arg1 value 1407:1411 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 1381:1411 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain R161T and C. indicus JCM 16038T 1381:1458 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain R161T and C. indicus JCM 16038T was 52.1 %. 28629492 11 62 theme hybridization 1393:1405 arg1 % 1469:1469 52.1 % 1464:1469 52.1 % 1464:1469 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain R161T and C. indicus JCM 16038T was 52.1 %. 28629492 5 63 theme highest 715:721 arg1 similarity 732:741 highest sequence similarity 715:741 highest sequence similarity 715:741 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 9 64 dep iso-C16  1189:1196 arg1  0 1198:1199  0 1198:1199  0 1198:1199 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 6 65 theme Dermacoccus 951:961 arg1 members 930:936 members 930:936 members of the genus Dermacoccus 930:961 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus was less than 96.5 %. 28629492 10 66 theme DNA 1334:1336 arg1 content 1342:1348 The DNA G+C content 1330:1348 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T 1330:1364 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T was 73.9 mol%. 28629492 10 66 theme DNA 1334:1336 arg1 % 1378:1378 73.9 mol% 1370:1378 73.9 mol% 1370:1378 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T was 73.9 mol%. 28629492 9 67 theme summed 1254:1259 arg1 feature 1261:1267 summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c 1254:1285 summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c 1254:1285 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 5 68 theme rRNA 607:610 arg1 sequence 617:624 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 599:624 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 599:624 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 12 69 theme phylogenetic 1530:1541 arg1 analysis 1543:1550 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1488:1550 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1488:1550 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 0 70 theme terrae 18:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Calidifontibacter terrae sp 0:26 Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 0:27 Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 5 71 theme Phylogenetic 568:579 arg1 analysis 581:588 Phylogenetic analysis 568:588 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 568:624 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 2 72 dep Gram-stain-positive 125:143 arg1 non-spore-forming 190:206 non-spore-forming 190:206 non-spore-forming 190:206 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 72 dep Gram-stain-positive 125:143 arg1 coccoid 209:215 coccoid 209:215 coccoid 209:215 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 72 dep Gram-stain-positive 125:143 arg1 non-motile 178:187 non-motile 178:187 non-motile 178:187 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 72 dep Gram-stain-positive 125:143 arg1 catalase-positive 159:175 catalase-positive 159:175 catalase-positive 159:175 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 72 dep Gram-stain-positive 125:143 arg1 oxidase- 146:153 oxidase- 146:153 oxidase- 146:153 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 10 73 theme strain 1353:1358 arg1 R161T 1360:1364 strain R161T 1353:1364 strain R161T 1353:1364 The DNA G+C content of strain R161T was 73.9 mol%. 28629492 5 74 theme sequence 808:815 arg1 IW02T 793:797 Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T 764:797 Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) 764:827 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 5 74 theme sequence 808:815 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.71 % sequence similarity 800:826 97.71 % sequence similarity 800:826 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 14 75 theme type 1691:1694 arg1 strain 1696:1701 The type strain 1687:1701 The type strain of Calidifontibacter terrae sp 1687:1732 The type strain of Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 12 76 theme genotypic 1500:1508 arg1 analysis 1543:1550 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1488:1550 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1488:1550 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 5 77 theme indicus 782:788 arg1 IW02T 793:797 Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T 764:797 Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) 764:827 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 5 77 theme indicus 782:788 arg1 similarity 817:826 97.71 % sequence similarity 800:826 97.71 % sequence similarity 800:826 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 8 78 theme polar 1031:1035 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1049:1070 diphosphatidylglycerol 1049:1070 diphosphatidylglycerol 1049:1070 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 28629492 8 78 theme polar 1031:1035 arg1 lipids 1037:1042 The major polar lipids 1021:1042 The major polar lipids 1021:1042 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 28629492 12 79 theme chemotaxonomic 1511:1524 arg1 analysis 1543:1550 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1488:1550 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1488:1550 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 9 80 dep feature 1261:1267 arg1 10-methyl 1302:1310  0 10-methyl 1299:1310 summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl 1254:1310 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 3 81 theme whole-cell 436:445 arg1 sugars 447:452 whole-cell sugars 436:452 whole-cell sugars 436:452 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 5 82 theme IW02T 793:797 arg1 strains 753:759 type strains 748:759 type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %) 748:866 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 6 83 with similarity 882:891 arg1 strains 919:925 type strains 914:925 type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus 914:961 The sequence similarity of strain R161T with type strains of members of the genus Dermacoccus was less than 96.5 %. 28629492 3 84 theme aspartic 398:405 arg1 glycine 365:371 glycine 365:371 glycine 365:371 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 3 84 theme aspartic 398:405 arg1 acid 407:410 aspartic acid 398:410 aspartic acid 398:410 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, serine and lysine, and whole-cell sugars were galactose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. 28629492 1 85 from applications 86:97 arg1 cosmetics 102:110 cosmetics 102:110 cosmetics 102:110 nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil, with potential applications in cosmetics. 28629492 9 86 theme  0 1299:1300 arg1 10-methyl 1302:1310  0 10-methyl 1299:1310 summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl 1254:1310 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. 28629492 5 87 theme lutea 841:845 arg1 45900T 851:856 Yimella lutea YIM 45900T 833:856 Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %) 833:866 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 5 87 theme lutea 841:845 arg1 % 865:865 97.58 % 859:865 97.58 % 859:865 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 28629492 2 88 theme aerobic 116:122 arg1 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium 113:250 bacterium 242:250 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 2 88 theme aerobic 116:122 arg1 R161T 271:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 designated strain R161T 253:275 An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, creamish-white-coloured bacterium, designated strain R161T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. 28629492 12 89 dep analysis 1543:1550 arg1 the 1475:1477 the 1475:1477 the 1475:1477 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 12 89 dep analysis 1543:1550 arg1 basis 1479:1483 basis 1479:1483 basis 1479:1483 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R161T represents a novel species of genus Calidifontibacter, for which the name Calidifontibacter terrae sp. 28629492 5 90 theme 97.71  800:805 arg1 % 806:806 % 806:806 % 806:806 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R161T formed a lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae, and showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (97.71 % sequence similarity) and Yimella lutea YIM 45900T (97.58 %). 25182182 1 0 theme extensive 165:173 arg1 metabolism 183:192 the extensive hepatic metabolism 161:192 the extensive hepatic metabolism 161:192 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline is primarily due to the extensive hepatic metabolism and hence the need for an alternative route of administration. 25182182 6 1 theme adequate 1059:1066 arg1 strength 1081:1088 adequate mucoadhesive strength 1059:1088 adequate mucoadhesive strength 1059:1088 Preliminary studies indicated that the prepared films exhibited excellent physical properties, adequate mucoadhesive strength and moderate hydration. 25182182 3 2 theme polymer 529:535 arg1 methylcellulose 564:578 polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 529:578 polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 529:578 Selegiline-loaded nanospheres prepared using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) was embedded into buccal films (F1-F4) with varying polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and eudragit]. 25182182 9 3 theme film 1328:1331 arg1 results 1317:1323 In-vivo results 1309:1323 In-vivo results of film (F3) 1309:1336 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 4 4 theme further 800:806 arg1 development 808:818 further development 800:818 further development 800:818 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 4 5 theme ideal 774:778 arg1 system 780:785 the ideal system 770:785 the ideal system suitable for further development 770:818 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 5 6 theme film 939:942 arg1 pharmacokinetics 891:906 the comparative pharmacokinetics 875:906 the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution 875:961 In vivo studies were carried out on rabbits to assess the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution. 25182182 10 7 theme disease 1681:1687 arg1 treatment 1656:1664 the treatment 1652:1664 the treatment of Parkinson's disease 1652:1687 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 6 8 theme physical 1038:1045 arg1 properties 1047:1056 excellent physical properties 1028:1056 excellent physical properties 1028:1056 Preliminary studies indicated that the prepared films exhibited excellent physical properties, adequate mucoadhesive strength and moderate hydration. 25182182 7 9 dep In 1114:1115 arg1 vitro 1117:1121 vitro 1117:1121 vitro 1117:1121 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 2 10 theme selegiline 341:350 arg1 nanospheres 352:362 selegiline nanospheres 341:362 selegiline nanospheres 341:362 The present study is based on evaluation of a buccal film which is impregnated with selegiline nanospheres to enhance the systemic bioavailability. 25182182 7 11 theme films 1155:1159 arg1 data 1136:1139 In vitro drug release data 1114:1139 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) 1114:1175 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 10 12 theme buccal 1589:1594 arg1 F3 1602:1603 F3 1602:1603 F3 1602:1603 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 10 12 theme buccal 1589:1594 arg1 film 1596:1599 the developed buccal film 1575:1599 the developed buccal film (F3) 1575:1604 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 4 13 dep ex 730:731 arg1 vivo 733:736 vivo 733:736 vivo 733:736 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 8 14 theme steady-state 1239:1250 arg1 flux 1252:1255 higher steady-state flux 1232:1255 higher steady-state flux 1232:1255 Permeation studies indicated higher steady-state flux from film F3 (p < 0.0001) when compared to film F2. 25182182 10 15 theme alternative 1627:1637 arg1 delivery 1546:1553 the buccal delivery 1535:1553 the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) 1535:1604 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 10 15 theme alternative 1627:1637 arg1 approach 1639:1646 a promising alternative approach 1615:1646 a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease 1615:1687 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 8 16 theme Permeation 1203:1212 arg1 studies 1214:1220 Permeation studies 1203:1220 Permeation studies 1203:1220 Permeation studies indicated higher steady-state flux from film F3 (p < 0.0001) when compared to film F2. 25182182 5 17 theme In 821:822 arg1 studies 829:835 In vivo studies 821:835 In vivo studies 821:835 In vivo studies were carried out on rabbits to assess the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution. 25182182 1 18 theme Poor 91:94 arg1 efficiency 116:125 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency 91:125 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline 91:139 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline is primarily due to the extensive hepatic metabolism and hence the need for an alternative route of administration. 25182182 4 19 theme in 704:705 arg1 properties 658:667 their physicomechanical properties 634:667 their physicomechanical properties 634:667 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 4 19 theme in 704:705 arg1 release 718:724 in vitro drug release 704:724 in vitro drug release 704:724 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 8 20 theme higher 1232:1237 arg1 flux 1252:1255 higher steady-state flux 1232:1255 higher steady-state flux 1232:1255 Permeation studies indicated higher steady-state flux from film F3 (p < 0.0001) when compared to film F2. 25182182 6 21 theme prepared 1003:1010 arg1 films 1012:1016 the prepared films 999:1016 the prepared films 999:1016 Preliminary studies indicated that the prepared films exhibited excellent physical properties, adequate mucoadhesive strength and moderate hydration. 25182182 5 22 dep In 821:822 arg1 vivo 824:827 vivo 824:827 vivo 824:827 In vivo studies were carried out on rabbits to assess the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution. 25182182 9 23 theme significant 1351:1361 arg1 increase 1363:1370 significant increase 1351:1370 significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, 1351:1481 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 1 24 theme peroral 96:102 arg1 efficiency 116:125 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency 91:125 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline 91:139 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline is primarily due to the extensive hepatic metabolism and hence the need for an alternative route of administration. 25182182 3 25 theme Selegiline-loaded 405:421 arg1 nanospheres 423:433 Selegiline-loaded nanospheres 405:433 Selegiline-loaded nanospheres prepared using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) 405:475 Selegiline-loaded nanospheres prepared using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) was embedded into buccal films (F1-F4) with varying polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and eudragit]. 25182182 6 26 theme excellent 1028:1036 arg1 properties 1047:1056 excellent physical properties 1028:1056 excellent physical properties 1028:1056 Preliminary studies indicated that the prepared films exhibited excellent physical properties, adequate mucoadhesive strength and moderate hydration. 25182182 7 27 theme buccal 1148:1153 arg1 films 1155:1159 the buccal films 1144:1159 the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) 1144:1175 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 7 27 theme buccal 1148:1153 arg1 F3 1173:1174 F3 1173:1174 F3 1173:1174 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 7 27 theme buccal 1148:1153 arg1 F2 1166:1167 F2 1166:1167 F2 1166:1167 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 7 27 theme buccal 1148:1153 arg1 F1 1162:1163 F1 1162:1163 F1 1162:1163 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 1 28 theme therapeutic 104:114 arg1 efficiency 116:125 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency 91:125 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline 91:139 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline is primarily due to the extensive hepatic metabolism and hence the need for an alternative route of administration. 25182182 4 29 theme drug 713:716 arg1 properties 658:667 their physicomechanical properties 634:667 their physicomechanical properties 634:667 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 4 29 theme drug 713:716 arg1 release 718:724 in vitro drug release 704:724 in vitro drug release 704:724 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 10 30 theme developed 1579:1587 arg1 F3 1602:1603 F3 1602:1603 F3 1602:1603 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 10 30 theme developed 1579:1587 arg1 film 1596:1599 the developed buccal film 1575:1599 the developed buccal film (F3) 1575:1604 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 2 31 theme buccal 303:308 arg1 film 310:313 a buccal film 301:313 a buccal film which is impregnated with selegiline nanospheres to enhance the systemic bioavailability 301:402 The present study is based on evaluation of a buccal film which is impregnated with selegiline nanospheres to enhance the systemic bioavailability. 25182182 3 32 theme buccal 495:500 arg1 F1-F4 509:513 F1-F4 509:513 F1-F4 509:513 Selegiline-loaded nanospheres prepared using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) was embedded into buccal films (F1-F4) with varying polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and eudragit]. 25182182 3 32 theme buccal 495:500 arg1 films 502:506 buccal films 495:506 buccal films (F1-F4) 495:514 Selegiline-loaded nanospheres prepared using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) was embedded into buccal films (F1-F4) with varying polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and eudragit]. 25182182 2 33 theme film 310:313 arg1 evaluation 287:296 evaluation 287:296 evaluation of a buccal film which is impregnated with selegiline nanospheres to enhance the systemic bioavailability 287:402 The present study is based on evaluation of a buccal film which is impregnated with selegiline nanospheres to enhance the systemic bioavailability. 25182182 8 34 theme film 1300:1303 arg1 F2 1305:1306 film F2 1300:1306 film F2 1300:1306 Permeation studies indicated higher steady-state flux from film F3 (p < 0.0001) when compared to film F2. 25182182 1 35 theme hepatic 175:181 arg1 metabolism 183:192 the extensive hepatic metabolism 161:192 the extensive hepatic metabolism 161:192 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline is primarily due to the extensive hepatic metabolism and hence the need for an alternative route of administration. 25182182 7 36 theme distinct 1184:1191 arg1 profiles 1193:1200 distinct profiles 1184:1200 distinct profiles 1184:1200 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 4 37 theme ex 730:731 arg1 properties 658:667 their physicomechanical properties 634:667 their physicomechanical properties 634:667 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 4 37 theme ex 730:731 arg1 permeation 738:747 ex vivo permeation 730:747 ex vivo permeation 730:747 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 0 38 theme films 37:41 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Development and evaluation of buccal films impregnated with selegiline-loaded nanospheres. 25182182 0 38 theme films 37:41 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and evaluation of buccal films impregnated with selegiline-loaded nanospheres. 25182182 4 39 theme developed 599:607 arg1 films 609:613 The developed films 595:613 The developed films 595:613 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 7 40 theme drug 1123:1126 arg1 data 1136:1139 In vitro drug release data 1114:1139 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) 1114:1175 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 2 41 theme systemic 379:386 arg1 bioavailability 388:402 the systemic bioavailability 375:402 the systemic bioavailability 375:402 The present study is based on evaluation of a buccal film which is impregnated with selegiline nanospheres to enhance the systemic bioavailability. 25182182 9 42 theme improved 1457:1464 arg1 absorption 1375:1384 absorption 1375:1384 absorption (p < 0.0001) 1375:1397 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 9 42 theme improved 1457:1464 arg1 bioavailability 1466:1480 improved bioavailability 1457:1480 improved bioavailability 1457:1480 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 0 43 theme buccal 30:35 arg1 films 37:41 buccal films 30:41 buccal films 30:41 Development and evaluation of buccal films impregnated with selegiline-loaded nanospheres. 25182182 7 44 theme release 1128:1134 arg1 data 1136:1139 In vitro drug release data 1114:1139 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) 1114:1175 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 9 45 from increase 1363:1370 arg1 p < 0.0001 1387:1396 p < 0.0001 1387:1396 p < 0.0001 1387:1396 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 9 45 from increase 1363:1370 arg1 Tmax 1418:1421 Tmax 1418:1421 Tmax 1418:1421 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 9 45 from increase 1363:1370 arg1 AUC0-α 1424:1429 AUC0-α 1424:1429 AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) 1424:1451 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 9 45 from increase 1363:1370 arg1 Cmax 1400:1403 Cmax 1400:1403 Cmax (∼1.6-fold) 1400:1415 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 9 45 from increase 1363:1370 arg1 absorption 1375:1384 absorption 1375:1384 absorption (p < 0.0001) 1375:1397 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 9 45 from increase 1363:1370 arg1 bioavailability 1466:1480 improved bioavailability 1457:1480 improved bioavailability 1457:1480 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 1 46 theme alternative 220:230 arg1 route 232:236 an alternative route 217:236 an alternative route of administration 217:254 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline is primarily due to the extensive hepatic metabolism and hence the need for an alternative route of administration. 25182182 7 47 dep films 1155:1159 arg1 films 1155:1159 the buccal films 1144:1159 the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) 1144:1175 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 7 47 dep films 1155:1159 arg1 F3 1173:1174 F3 1173:1174 F3 1173:1174 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 7 47 dep films 1155:1159 arg1 F2 1166:1167 F2 1166:1167 F2 1166:1167 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 7 47 dep films 1155:1159 arg1 F1 1162:1163 F1 1162:1163 F1 1162:1163 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 5 48 theme selected 923:930 arg1 film 939:942 the selected buccal film 919:942 the selected buccal film 919:942 In vivo studies were carried out on rabbits to assess the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution. 25182182 7 49 theme In 1114:1115 arg1 data 1136:1139 In vitro drug release data 1114:1139 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) 1114:1175 In vitro drug release data of the buccal films (F1, F2 and F3) showed distinct profiles. 25182182 5 50 dep pharmacokinetics 891:906 arg1 profile 908:914 profile 908:914 the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution 875:961 In vivo studies were carried out on rabbits to assess the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution. 25182182 1 51 theme selegiline 130:139 arg1 efficiency 116:125 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency 91:125 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline 91:139 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline is primarily due to the extensive hepatic metabolism and hence the need for an alternative route of administration. 25182182 9 52 theme In-vivo 1309:1315 arg1 results 1317:1323 In-vivo results 1309:1323 In-vivo results of film (F3) 1309:1336 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 5 53 with pharmacokinetics 891:906 arg1 solution 954:961 oral solution 949:961 oral solution 949:961 In vivo studies were carried out on rabbits to assess the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution. 25182182 9 54 dep AUC0-α 1424:1429 arg1 p < 0.0001 1441:1450 p < 0.0001 1441:1450 p < 0.0001 1441:1450 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 9 54 dep AUC0-α 1424:1429 arg1 ∼3-fold 1432:1438 ∼3-fold 1432:1438 ∼3-fold 1432:1438 In-vivo results of film (F3) demonstrated significant increase in absorption (p < 0.0001), Cmax (∼1.6-fold), Tmax, AUC0-α (∼3-fold, p < 0.0001) and improved bioavailability, when compared to control. 25182182 10 55 theme selegiline 1558:1567 arg1 approach 1639:1646 a promising alternative approach 1615:1646 a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease 1615:1687 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 10 55 theme selegiline 1558:1567 arg1 delivery 1546:1553 the buccal delivery 1535:1553 the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) 1535:1604 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 4 56 theme suitable 787:794 arg1 system 780:785 the ideal system 770:785 the ideal system suitable for further development 770:818 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 6 57 theme moderate 1094:1101 arg1 hydration 1103:1111 moderate hydration 1094:1111 moderate hydration 1094:1111 Preliminary studies indicated that the prepared films exhibited excellent physical properties, adequate mucoadhesive strength and moderate hydration. 25182182 5 58 theme oral 949:952 arg1 solution 954:961 oral solution 949:961 oral solution 949:961 In vivo studies were carried out on rabbits to assess the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution. 25182182 5 59 theme buccal 932:937 arg1 film 939:942 the selected buccal film 919:942 the selected buccal film 919:942 In vivo studies were carried out on rabbits to assess the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution. 25182182 4 60 theme physicomechanical 640:656 arg1 strength 694:701 mucoadhesive strength 681:701 mucoadhesive strength 681:701 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 4 60 theme physicomechanical 640:656 arg1 properties 658:667 their physicomechanical properties 634:667 their physicomechanical properties 634:667 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 4 60 theme physicomechanical 640:656 arg1 permeation 738:747 ex vivo permeation 730:747 ex vivo permeation 730:747 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 4 60 theme physicomechanical 640:656 arg1 hydration 670:678 hydration 670:678 hydration 670:678 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 4 60 theme physicomechanical 640:656 arg1 release 718:724 in vitro drug release 704:724 in vitro drug release 704:724 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 10 61 theme buccal 1539:1544 arg1 approach 1639:1646 a promising alternative approach 1615:1646 a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease 1615:1687 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 10 61 theme buccal 1539:1544 arg1 delivery 1546:1553 the buccal delivery 1535:1553 the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) 1535:1604 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 5 62 theme comparative 879:889 arg1 pharmacokinetics 891:906 the comparative pharmacokinetics 875:906 the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution 875:961 In vivo studies were carried out on rabbits to assess the comparative pharmacokinetics profile of the selected buccal film with oral solution. 25182182 2 63 theme present 261:267 arg1 study 269:273 The present study 257:273 The present study 257:273 The present study is based on evaluation of a buccal film which is impregnated with selegiline nanospheres to enhance the systemic bioavailability. 25182182 4 64 theme mucoadhesive 681:692 arg1 strength 694:701 mucoadhesive strength 681:701 mucoadhesive strength 681:701 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 4 64 theme mucoadhesive 681:692 arg1 properties 658:667 their physicomechanical properties 634:667 their physicomechanical properties 634:667 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 3 65 theme composition 537:547 arg1 methylcellulose 564:578 polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 529:578 polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 529:578 Selegiline-loaded nanospheres prepared using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) was embedded into buccal films (F1-F4) with varying polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and eudragit]. 25182182 10 66 theme promising 1617:1625 arg1 delivery 1546:1553 the buccal delivery 1535:1553 the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) 1535:1604 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 10 66 theme promising 1617:1625 arg1 approach 1639:1646 a promising alternative approach 1615:1646 a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease 1615:1687 This study concludes that the buccal delivery of selegiline using the developed buccal film (F3) would be a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 25182182 1 67 theme administration 241:254 arg1 route 232:236 an alternative route 217:236 an alternative route of administration 217:254 Poor peroral therapeutic efficiency of selegiline is primarily due to the extensive hepatic metabolism and hence the need for an alternative route of administration. 25182182 0 68 theme selegiline-loaded 60:76 arg1 nanospheres 78:88 selegiline-loaded nanospheres 60:88 selegiline-loaded nanospheres 60:88 Development and evaluation of buccal films impregnated with selegiline-loaded nanospheres. 25182182 6 69 theme Preliminary 964:974 arg1 studies 976:982 Preliminary studies 964:982 Preliminary studies 964:982 Preliminary studies indicated that the prepared films exhibited excellent physical properties, adequate mucoadhesive strength and moderate hydration. 25182182 4 70 dep in 704:705 arg1 vitro 707:711 vitro 707:711 vitro 707:711 The developed films were evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, hydration, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation in order to identify the ideal system suitable for further development. 25182182 3 71 theme [hydroxypropyl 549:562 arg1 methylcellulose 564:578 polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 529:578 polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 529:578 Selegiline-loaded nanospheres prepared using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) was embedded into buccal films (F1-F4) with varying polymer composition [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and eudragit]. 25182182 6 72 theme mucoadhesive 1068:1079 arg1 strength 1081:1088 adequate mucoadhesive strength 1059:1088 adequate mucoadhesive strength 1059:1088 Preliminary studies indicated that the prepared films exhibited excellent physical properties, adequate mucoadhesive strength and moderate hydration. 28168224 0 0 theme Core 89:92 arg1 Lifestyle 0:8 Lifestyle 0:8 Lifestyle 0:8 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 0 0 theme Core 89:92 arg1 Member 94:99 a Core Member 87:99 a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota 87:128 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 10 1 theme host 1944:1947 arg1 expression 1926:1935 the mucosal gene expression 1909:1935 the mucosal gene expression of its host 1909:1947 Additionally, it expresses secretion systems and effector proteins and can modify the mucosal gene expression of its host. 28168224 9 2 theme specialized 1759:1769 arg1 systems 1771:1777 specialized systems 1759:1777 specialized systems 1759:1777 We found that M. schaedleri has specialized systems to handle oxidative stress during inflammation. 28168224 5 3 theme intimate 1055:1062 arg1 interactions 1064:1075 intimate interactions 1055:1075 intimate interactions with its host 1055:1089 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 3 4 link host-derived 609:620 arg1 glycans 630:636 host-derived mucosal glycans 609:636 host-derived mucosal glycans 609:636 Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. 28168224 8 5 theme schaedleri 1648:1657 arg1 lifestyle 1603:1611 the lifestyle 1599:1611 the lifestyle of the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri, which is associated with inflammation in widely used mouse models 1599:1724 Here, we studied the lifestyle of the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri, which is associated with inflammation in widely used mouse models. 28168224 9 6 theme oxidative 1789:1797 arg1 stress 1799:1804 oxidative stress 1789:1804 oxidative stress 1789:1804 We found that M. schaedleri has specialized systems to handle oxidative stress during inflammation. 28168224 4 7 theme mucosal 850:856 arg1 tissue 858:863 mucosal tissue 850:863 mucosal tissue 850:863 Additionally, M. schaedleri reduces nitrate and expresses systems for scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species in vivo, which may account for its localization close to the mucosal tissue and expansion during inflammation. 28168224 4 8 from species 781:787 arg1 vivo 792:795 vivo 792:795 vivo 792:795 Additionally, M. schaedleri reduces nitrate and expresses systems for scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species in vivo, which may account for its localization close to the mucosal tissue and expansion during inflammation. 28168224 1 9 theme abundant 162:169 arg1 inhabitant 171:180 an abundant inhabitant 159:180 an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals 159:239 Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. 28168224 1 9 theme abundant 162:169 arg1 schaedleri 145:154 Mucispirillum schaedleri 131:154 Mucispirillum schaedleri 131:154 Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. 28168224 5 10 with role 1106:1109 arg1 host 1086:1089 its host 1082:1089 its host 1082:1089 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 5 11 theme putative 967:974 arg1 proteins 985:992 putative effector proteins 967:992 putative effector proteins 967:992 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 6 12 theme gut 1360:1362 arg1 ecosystem 1364:1372 the gut ecosystem 1356:1372 the gut ecosystem 1356:1372 The M. schaedleri genome has been shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, primarily from intestinal Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer has played a key role in defining its niche in the gut ecosystem. 28168224 6 13 theme horizontal 1284:1293 arg1 transfer 1300:1307 horizontal gene transfer 1284:1307 horizontal gene transfer 1284:1307 The M. schaedleri genome has been shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, primarily from intestinal Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer has played a key role in defining its niche in the gut ecosystem. 28168224 4 14 theme reactive 765:772 arg1 species 781:787 scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species 743:787 species 781:787 Additionally, M. schaedleri reduces nitrate and expresses systems for scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species in vivo, which may account for its localization close to the mucosal tissue and expansion during inflammation. 28168224 7 15 theme gut 1396:1398 arg1 composition 1411:1421 gut microbiota composition 1396:1421 gut microbiota composition 1396:1421 IMPORTANCE Shifts in gut microbiota composition have been associated with intestinal inflammation, but it remains unclear whether inflammation-associated bacteria are commensal or detrimental to their host. 28168224 8 16 theme bacterium 1624:1632 arg1 schaedleri 1648:1657 the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri 1616:1657 the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri 1616:1657 Here, we studied the lifestyle of the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri, which is associated with inflammation in widely used mouse models. 28168224 8 17 from inflammation 1685:1696 arg1 models 1719:1724 widely used mouse models 1701:1724 widely used mouse models 1701:1724 Here, we studied the lifestyle of the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri, which is associated with inflammation in widely used mouse models. 28168224 5 18 dep system 956:961 arg1 VI 943:944 VI 943:944 VI 943:944 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 0 19 theme Murine 108:113 arg1 Microbiota 119:128 the Murine Gut Microbiota 104:128 the Murine Gut Microbiota 104:128 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 6 20 from niche 1347:1351 arg1 ecosystem 1364:1372 the gut ecosystem 1356:1372 the gut ecosystem 1356:1372 The M. schaedleri genome has been shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, primarily from intestinal Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer has played a key role in defining its niche in the gut ecosystem. 28168224 2 21 dep genome 388:393 arg1 the 384:386 the 384:386 the 384:386 In order to gain insights into its lifestyle, we analyzed the genome and transcriptome of M. schaedleri ASF 457 and performed physiological experiments to test traits predicted by its genome. 28168224 12 22 theme gut 2133:2135 arg1 bacteria 2137:2144 commensal gut bacteria 2123:2144 commensal gut bacteria 2123:2144 The insights presented here aid our understanding of how commensal gut bacteria may be involved in altering susceptibility to disease. 28168224 7 23 from Shifts 1386:1391 arg1 composition 1411:1421 gut microbiota composition 1396:1421 gut microbiota composition 1396:1421 IMPORTANCE Shifts in gut microbiota composition have been associated with intestinal inflammation, but it remains unclear whether inflammation-associated bacteria are commensal or detrimental to their host. 28168224 5 24 from interactions 1064:1075 arg1 inflammation 1114:1125 inflammation 1114:1125 inflammation 1114:1125 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 7 25 theme intestinal 1449:1458 arg1 inflammation 1460:1471 intestinal inflammation 1449:1471 intestinal inflammation 1449:1471 IMPORTANCE Shifts in gut microbiota composition have been associated with intestinal inflammation, but it remains unclear whether inflammation-associated bacteria are commensal or detrimental to their host. 28168224 4 26 from oxygen 754:759 arg1 vivo 792:795 vivo 792:795 vivo 792:795 Additionally, M. schaedleri reduces nitrate and expresses systems for scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species in vivo, which may account for its localization close to the mucosal tissue and expansion during inflammation. 28168224 1 27 theme other 227:231 arg1 animals 233:239 other animals 227:239 other animals 227:239 Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. 28168224 11 28 with interactions 2002:2013 arg1 host 2024:2027 its host 2020:2027 its host 2020:2027 This suggests that M. schaedleri undergoes intimate interactions with its host and may play a role in inflammation. 28168224 10 29 theme mucosal 1913:1919 arg1 expression 1926:1935 the mucosal gene expression 1909:1935 the mucosal gene expression of its host 1909:1947 Additionally, it expresses secretion systems and effector proteins and can modify the mucosal gene expression of its host. 28168224 5 30 theme possible 1097:1104 arg1 role 1106:1109 a possible role 1095:1109 a possible role in inflammation 1095:1125 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 7 31 theme microbiota 1400:1409 arg1 composition 1411:1421 gut microbiota composition 1396:1421 gut microbiota composition 1396:1421 IMPORTANCE Shifts in gut microbiota composition have been associated with intestinal inflammation, but it remains unclear whether inflammation-associated bacteria are commensal or detrimental to their host. 28168224 10 32 theme secretion 1854:1862 arg1 systems 1864:1870 secretion systems 1854:1870 secretion systems 1854:1870 Additionally, it expresses secretion systems and effector proteins and can modify the mucosal gene expression of its host. 28168224 3 33 theme complex 648:654 arg1 polysaccharides 656:670 other complex polysaccharides 642:670 other complex polysaccharides 642:670 Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. 28168224 5 34 from expression 1014:1023 arg1 tissue 1036:1041 mucosal tissue 1028:1041 mucosal tissue 1028:1041 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 1 35 theme intestinal 189:198 arg1 layer 206:210 the intestinal mucus layer 185:210 the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals 185:239 Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. 28168224 0 36 theme Gene 25:28 arg1 Evolution 48:56 Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution 14:56 Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution 14:56 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 0 37 theme Microbiota 119:128 arg1 Lifestyle 0:8 Lifestyle 0:8 Lifestyle 0:8 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 0 37 theme Microbiota 119:128 arg1 Member 94:99 a Core Member 87:99 a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota 87:128 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 5 38 theme type 938:941 arg1 system 956:961 a type VI secretion system 936:961 a type VI secretion system 936:961 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 7 39 theme IMPORTANCE 1375:1384 arg1 Shifts 1386:1391 IMPORTANCE Shifts 1375:1391 IMPORTANCE Shifts in gut microbiota composition 1375:1421 IMPORTANCE Shifts in gut microbiota composition have been associated with intestinal inflammation, but it remains unclear whether inflammation-associated bacteria are commensal or detrimental to their host. 28168224 1 40 theme mucus 200:204 arg1 layer 206:210 the intestinal mucus layer 185:210 the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals 185:239 Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. 28168224 0 41 theme Horizontal 14:23 arg1 Evolution 48:56 Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution 14:56 Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution 14:56 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 6 42 theme extensive 1172:1180 arg1 transfer 1198:1205 extensive horizontal gene transfer 1172:1205 extensive horizontal gene transfer 1172:1205 The M. schaedleri genome has been shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, primarily from intestinal Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer has played a key role in defining its niche in the gut ecosystem. 28168224 0 43 theme Gut 115:117 arg1 Microbiota 119:128 the Murine Gut Microbiota 104:128 the Murine Gut Microbiota 104:128 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 3 44 theme mucosal 622:628 arg1 glycans 630:636 host-derived mucosal glycans 609:636 host-derived mucosal glycans 609:636 Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. 28168224 4 45 theme scavenging 743:752 arg1 oxygen 754:759 scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species 743:787 oxygen 754:759 Additionally, M. schaedleri reduces nitrate and expresses systems for scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species in vivo, which may account for its localization close to the mucosal tissue and expansion during inflammation. 28168224 1 46 theme layer 206:210 arg1 inhabitant 171:180 an abundant inhabitant 159:180 an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals 159:239 Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. 28168224 1 46 theme layer 206:210 arg1 schaedleri 145:154 Mucispirillum schaedleri 131:154 Mucispirillum schaedleri 131:154 Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. 28168224 8 47 theme Mucispirillum 1634:1646 arg1 schaedleri 1648:1657 the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri 1616:1657 the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri 1616:1657 Here, we studied the lifestyle of the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri, which is associated with inflammation in widely used mouse models. 28168224 8 48 theme mouse 1713:1717 arg1 models 1719:1724 widely used mouse models 1701:1724 widely used mouse models 1701:1724 Here, we studied the lifestyle of the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri, which is associated with inflammation in widely used mouse models. 28168224 5 49 theme mucosal 1028:1034 arg1 tissue 1036:1041 mucosal tissue 1028:1041 mucosal tissue 1028:1041 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 5 50 with interactions 1064:1075 arg1 host 1086:1089 its host 1082:1089 its host 1082:1089 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 0 51 theme Transfer-Mediated 30:46 arg1 Evolution 48:56 Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution 14:56 Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution 14:56 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 2 52 theme ASF 430:432 arg1 transcriptome 399:411 transcriptome 399:411 transcriptome 399:411 In order to gain insights into its lifestyle, we analyzed the genome and transcriptome of M. schaedleri ASF 457 and performed physiological experiments to test traits predicted by its genome. 28168224 2 52 theme ASF 430:432 arg1 genome 388:393 genome 388:393 genome 388:393 In order to gain insights into its lifestyle, we analyzed the genome and transcriptome of M. schaedleri ASF 457 and performed physiological experiments to test traits predicted by its genome. 28168224 5 53 theme gene 1009:1012 arg1 expression 1014:1023 gene expression 1009:1023 gene expression in mucosal tissue 1009:1041 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 1 54 theme rodents 215:221 arg1 layer 206:210 the intestinal mucus layer 185:210 the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals 185:239 Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. 28168224 2 55 theme M. schaedleri 416:428 arg1 ASF 430:432 M. schaedleri ASF 457 416:436 M. schaedleri ASF 457 416:436 In order to gain insights into its lifestyle, we analyzed the genome and transcriptome of M. schaedleri ASF 457 and performed physiological experiments to test traits predicted by its genome. 28168224 6 56 theme key 1322:1324 arg1 role 1326:1329 a key role 1320:1329 a key role 1320:1329 The M. schaedleri genome has been shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, primarily from intestinal Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer has played a key role in defining its niche in the gut ecosystem. 28168224 0 57 theme schaedleri 75:84 arg1 Evolution 48:56 Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution 14:56 Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution 14:56 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 0 57 theme schaedleri 75:84 arg1 Lifestyle 0:8 Lifestyle 0:8 Lifestyle 0:8 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 0 57 theme schaedleri 75:84 arg1 Member 94:99 a Core Member 87:99 a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota 87:128 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 3 58 theme mucus 542:546 arg1 inhabitant 548:557 a mucus inhabitant 540:557 a mucus inhabitant 540:557 Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. 28168224 5 59 from role 1106:1109 arg1 inflammation 1114:1125 inflammation 1114:1125 inflammation 1114:1125 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 10 60 theme effector 1876:1883 arg1 proteins 1885:1892 effector proteins 1876:1892 effector proteins 1876:1892 Additionally, it expresses secretion systems and effector proteins and can modify the mucosal gene expression of its host. 28168224 3 61 theme host-derived 609:620 arg1 glycans 630:636 host-derived mucosal glycans 609:636 host-derived mucosal glycans 609:636 Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. 28168224 11 62 theme intimate 1993:2000 arg1 interactions 2002:2013 intimate interactions 1993:2013 intimate interactions with its host 1993:2027 This suggests that M. schaedleri undergoes intimate interactions with its host and may play a role in inflammation. 28168224 6 63 theme horizontal 1182:1191 arg1 transfer 1198:1205 extensive horizontal gene transfer 1172:1205 extensive horizontal gene transfer 1172:1205 The M. schaedleri genome has been shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, primarily from intestinal Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer has played a key role in defining its niche in the gut ecosystem. 28168224 6 64 theme gene 1295:1298 arg1 transfer 1300:1307 horizontal gene transfer 1284:1307 horizontal gene transfer 1284:1307 The M. schaedleri genome has been shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, primarily from intestinal Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer has played a key role in defining its niche in the gut ecosystem. 28168224 10 65 theme gene 1921:1924 arg1 expression 1926:1935 the mucosal gene expression 1909:1935 the mucosal gene expression of its host 1909:1947 Additionally, it expresses secretion systems and effector proteins and can modify the mucosal gene expression of its host. 28168224 5 66 theme effector 976:983 arg1 proteins 985:992 putative effector proteins 967:992 putative effector proteins 967:992 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 6 67 theme intestinal 1223:1232 arg1 Epsilon- 1234:1241 intestinal Epsilon- 1223:1241 intestinal Epsilon- 1223:1241 The M. schaedleri genome has been shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, primarily from intestinal Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer has played a key role in defining its niche in the gut ecosystem. 28168224 12 68 theme commensal 2123:2131 arg1 bacteria 2137:2144 commensal gut bacteria 2123:2144 commensal gut bacteria 2123:2144 The insights presented here aid our understanding of how commensal gut bacteria may be involved in altering susceptibility to disease. 28168224 6 69 theme M. schaedleri 1132:1144 arg1 genome 1146:1151 The M. schaedleri genome 1128:1151 The M. schaedleri genome 1128:1151 The M. schaedleri genome has been shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, primarily from intestinal Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer has played a key role in defining its niche in the gut ecosystem. 28168224 4 70 theme oxygen 774:779 arg1 species 781:787 scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species 743:787 species 781:787 Additionally, M. schaedleri reduces nitrate and expresses systems for scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species in vivo, which may account for its localization close to the mucosal tissue and expansion during inflammation. 28168224 7 71 theme inflammation-associated 1505:1527 arg1 bacteria 1529:1536 inflammation-associated bacteria 1505:1536 inflammation-associated bacteria 1505:1536 IMPORTANCE Shifts in gut microbiota composition have been associated with intestinal inflammation, but it remains unclear whether inflammation-associated bacteria are commensal or detrimental to their host. 28168224 5 72 theme secretion 946:954 arg1 system 956:961 a type VI secretion system 936:961 a type VI secretion system 936:961 Also of note, M. schaedleri harbors a type VI secretion system and putative effector proteins and can modify gene expression in mucosal tissue, suggesting intimate interactions with its host and a possible role in inflammation. 28168224 2 73 theme physiological 452:464 arg1 experiments 466:476 physiological experiments 452:476 physiological experiments 452:476 In order to gain insights into its lifestyle, we analyzed the genome and transcriptome of M. schaedleri ASF 457 and performed physiological experiments to test traits predicted by its genome. 28168224 3 74 contain has 574:576 arg1 M. schaedleri 560:572 M. schaedleri 560:572 M. schaedleri 560:572 Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. 28168224 3 74 contain has 574:576 arg2 capacity 586:593 limited capacity 578:593 limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides 578:670 Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. 28168224 8 75 theme used 1708:1711 arg1 models 1719:1724 widely used mouse models 1701:1724 widely used mouse models 1701:1724 Here, we studied the lifestyle of the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri, which is associated with inflammation in widely used mouse models. 28168224 3 76 theme other 642:646 arg1 polysaccharides 656:670 other complex polysaccharides 642:670 other complex polysaccharides 642:670 Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. 28168224 6 77 theme gene 1193:1196 arg1 transfer 1198:1205 extensive horizontal gene transfer 1172:1205 extensive horizontal gene transfer 1172:1205 The M. schaedleri genome has been shaped by extensive horizontal gene transfer, primarily from intestinal Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, indicating that horizontal gene transfer has played a key role in defining its niche in the gut ecosystem. 28168224 1 78 theme animals 233:239 arg1 layer 206:210 the intestinal mucus layer 185:210 the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals 185:239 Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. 28168224 0 79 theme Mucispirillum 61:73 arg1 schaedleri 75:84 Mucispirillum schaedleri 61:84 Mucispirillum schaedleri 61:84 Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota. 28168224 3 80 theme limited 578:584 arg1 capacity 586:593 limited capacity 578:593 limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides 578:670 Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. 28168224 4 81 dep tissue 858:863 arg1 the 846:848 the 846:848 the 846:848 Additionally, M. schaedleri reduces nitrate and expresses systems for scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species in vivo, which may account for its localization close to the mucosal tissue and expansion during inflammation. 28168224 9 82 contain has 1755:1757 arg1 M. schaedleri 1741:1753 M. schaedleri 1741:1753 M. schaedleri 1741:1753 We found that M. schaedleri has specialized systems to handle oxidative stress during inflammation. 28168224 9 82 contain has 1755:1757 arg2 systems 1771:1777 specialized systems 1759:1777 specialized systems 1759:1777 We found that M. schaedleri has specialized systems to handle oxidative stress during inflammation. 28168224 8 83 theme gut 1620:1622 arg1 schaedleri 1648:1657 the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri 1616:1657 the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri 1616:1657 Here, we studied the lifestyle of the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri, which is associated with inflammation in widely used mouse models. 24700375 2 0 with mothers 355:361 arg1 CD 368:369 CD 368:369 CD 368:369 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 10 1 theme reduced 1420:1426 arg1 abundance 1428:1436 a reduced abundance 1418:1436 a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) 1418:1484 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 6 2 theme a-b+ 1026:1029 arg1 five 1076:1079 five 1076:1079 five 1076:1079 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 6 2 theme a-b+ 1026:1029 arg1 one 1038:1040 one 1038:1040 one 1038:1040 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 6 2 theme a-b+ 1026:1029 arg1 type 1032:1035 the secretor Le(a-b+) type 1010:1035 the secretor Le(a-b+) type 1010:1035 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 3 3 theme human 496:500 arg1 oligosaccharides 507:522 human milk oligosaccharides 496:522 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 496:529 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 3 3 theme human 496:500 arg1 HMOs 525:528 HMOs 525:528 HMOs 525:528 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 7 4 theme healthy 1225:1231 arg1 mothers 1233:1239 healthy mothers 1225:1239 healthy mothers 1225:1239 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 6 5 theme Le 1023:1024 arg1 five 1076:1079 five 1076:1079 five 1076:1079 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 6 5 theme Le 1023:1024 arg1 one 1038:1040 one 1038:1040 one 1038:1040 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 6 5 theme Le 1023:1024 arg1 type 1032:1035 the secretor Le(a-b+) type 1010:1035 the secretor Le(a-b+) type 1010:1035 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 0 6 theme Human 0:4 arg1 composition 11:21 Human milk composition 0:21 Human milk composition 0:21 Human milk composition differs in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease. 24700375 11 7 from reduction 1510:1518 arg1 components 1529:1538 these components 1523:1538 these components 1523:1538 The reduction in these components could theoretically diminish the protective effects of breast-feeding on the child's future risk of developing CD. 24700375 7 8 theme Lacto-N-tetraose 1174:1189 arg1 content 1191:1197 increased Lacto-N-tetraose content 1164:1197 increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) 1164:1209 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 7 8 theme Lacto-N-tetraose 1174:1189 arg1 < 1202:1202 P < 0.042 1200:1208 P < 0.042 1200:1208 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 4 9 theme microbiota 638:647 arg1 composition 649:659 Breast-milk microbiota composition 626:659 Breast-milk microbiota composition 626:659 Breast-milk microbiota composition was analyzed by conventional and quantitative real-time PCR. 24700375 2 10 theme = 345:345 arg1 n 343:343 n = 12 343:348 n = 12 343:348 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 2 10 theme = 345:345 arg1 mothers 334:340 healthy mothers 326:340 healthy mothers (n = 12) 326:349 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 6 11 theme Le 1058:1059 arg1 type 1067:1070 the secretor Le(a-b-) type 1045:1070 the secretor Le(a-b-) type 1045:1070 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 5 12 theme P 818:818 arg1 < 820:820 P < 0.042 818:826 P < 0.042 818:826 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 12 theme P 818:818 arg1 IL 807:808 interleukin (IL) 12p70 794:815 interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042) 794:827 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 13 theme interferon 940:949 arg1 -γ 956:957 interferon (IFN)-γ 940:957 interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058) 940:969 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 13 theme interferon 940:949 arg1 0.058 964:968 P < 0.058 960:968 P < 0.058 960:968 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 1 14 theme breast-milk 114:124 arg1 composition 126:136 breast-milk composition 114:136 breast-milk composition 114:136 PURPOSE To investigate whether breast-milk composition and microbiota differ in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease (CD) to ultimately contribute to identify additional factors determining CD risk. 24700375 7 15 theme non-secretor 1130:1141 arg1 type 1152:1155 non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1130:1155 non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1130:1155 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 4 16 theme real-time 707:715 arg1 PCR 717:719 conventional and quantitative real-time PCR 677:719 PCR 717:719 Breast-milk microbiota composition was analyzed by conventional and quantitative real-time PCR. 24700375 6 17 theme non-secretor 1088:1099 arg1 type 1110:1113 the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1084:1113 the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1084:1113 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 3 18 theme laser-induced 579:591 arg1 fluorescence 593:604 laser-induced fluorescence 579:604 laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection 579:623 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 8 19 theme CD 1242:1243 arg1 milk 1254:1257 CD mothers' milk 1242:1257 CD mothers' milk 1242:1257 CD mothers' milk showed reduced gene copy numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. 24700375 11 20 theme CD 1651:1652 arg1 risk 1632:1635 the child's future risk 1613:1635 the child's future risk of developing CD 1613:1652 The reduction in these components could theoretically diminish the protective effects of breast-feeding on the child's future risk of developing CD. 24700375 3 21 with electrophoresis 558:572 arg1 CE-LIF 607:612 CE-LIF 607:612 CE-LIF 607:612 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 3 21 with electrophoresis 558:572 arg1 detection 615:623 laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection 579:623 laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection 579:623 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 5 22 theme growth 843:848 arg1 factor 850:855 growth factor 843:855 growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) 843:876 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 22 theme growth 843:848 arg1 TGF 858:860 TGF 858:860 TGF 858:860 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 0 23 theme celiac 67:72 arg1 disease 74:80 celiac disease 67:80 celiac disease 67:80 Human milk composition differs in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease. 24700375 1 24 theme healthy 163:169 arg1 mothers 171:177 healthy mothers 163:177 healthy mothers 163:177 PURPOSE To investigate whether breast-milk composition and microbiota differ in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease (CD) to ultimately contribute to identify additional factors determining CD risk. 24700375 6 25 theme secretor 1014:1021 arg1 five 1076:1079 five 1076:1079 five 1076:1079 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 6 25 theme secretor 1014:1021 arg1 one 1038:1040 one 1038:1040 one 1038:1040 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 6 25 theme secretor 1014:1021 arg1 type 1032:1035 the secretor Le(a-b+) type 1010:1035 the secretor Le(a-b+) type 1010:1035 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 5 26 theme < 962:962 arg1 -γ 956:957 interferon (IFN)-γ 940:957 interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058) 940:969 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 26 theme < 962:962 arg1 0.058 964:968 P < 0.058 960:968 P < 0.058 960:968 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 8 27 theme gene 1274:1277 arg1 numbers 1284:1290 reduced gene copy numbers 1266:1290 reduced gene copy numbers of Bifidobacterium spp 1266:1313 CD mothers' milk showed reduced gene copy numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. 24700375 10 28 theme CD 1374:1375 arg1 mothers 1377:1383 CONCLUSION CD mothers' 1363:1384 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk 1363:1396 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 5 29 theme Breast 729:734 arg1 milk 736:739 RESULT Breast milk 722:739 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers 722:755 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 7 30 theme CD 1116:1117 arg1 mothers 1119:1125 CD mothers 1116:1125 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1116:1155 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 5 31 theme interleukin 794:804 arg1 < 820:820 P < 0.042 818:826 P < 0.042 818:826 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 31 theme interleukin 794:804 arg1 IL 807:808 interleukin (IL) 12p70 794:815 interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042) 794:827 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 32 theme < 869:869 arg1 0.018 871:875 P < 0.018 867:875 P < 0.018 867:875 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 32 theme < 869:869 arg1 -β1 862:864 growth factor (TGF)-β1 843:864 growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) 843:876 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 8 33 theme Bifidobacterium 1295:1309 arg1 spp 1311:1313 Bifidobacterium spp 1295:1313 Bifidobacterium spp 1295:1313 CD mothers' milk showed reduced gene copy numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. 24700375 11 34 from effects 1584:1590 arg1 risk 1632:1635 the child's future risk 1613:1635 the child's future risk of developing CD 1613:1652 The reduction in these components could theoretically diminish the protective effects of breast-feeding on the child's future risk of developing CD. 24700375 3 35 theme immunoglobulin 420:433 arg1 sIgA 438:441 sIgA 438:441 sIgA 438:441 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 3 35 theme immunoglobulin 420:433 arg1 A 435:435 secretory immunoglobulin A 410:435 secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) 410:442 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 5 36 theme IL 807:808 arg1 levels 784:789 significantly lower levels 764:789 significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) 764:897 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 36 theme IL 807:808 arg1 levels 930:935 almost significantly lower levels 903:935 almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058) 903:969 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 2 37 with mothers 334:340 arg1 CD 368:369 CD 368:369 CD 368:369 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 2 38 theme = 374:374 arg1 mothers 355:361 mothers 355:361 mothers with CD (n = 12) 355:378 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 2 38 theme = 374:374 arg1 n 372:372 n = 12 372:377 n = 12 372:377 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 9 39 theme B. 1332:1333 arg1 group 1344:1348 B. fragilis group 1332:1348 B. fragilis group (P < 0.044) 1332:1360 (P < 0.026) and B. fragilis group (P < 0.044). 24700375 11 40 theme protective 1573:1582 arg1 effects 1584:1590 the protective effects 1569:1590 the protective effects of breast-feeding on the child's future risk of developing CD 1569:1652 The reduction in these components could theoretically diminish the protective effects of breast-feeding on the child's future risk of developing CD. 24700375 10 41 theme compounds 1458:1466 arg1 abundance 1428:1436 a reduced abundance 1418:1436 a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) 1418:1484 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 10 41 theme compounds 1458:1466 arg1 bifidobacteria 1490:1503 bifidobacteria 1490:1503 bifidobacteria 1490:1503 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 11 42 theme developing 1640:1649 arg1 CD 1651:1652 developing CD 1640:1652 developing CD 1640:1652 The reduction in these components could theoretically diminish the protective effects of breast-feeding on the child's future risk of developing CD. 24700375 0 43 with mothers 42:48 arg1 disease 74:80 celiac disease 67:80 celiac disease 67:80 Human milk composition differs in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease. 24700375 10 44 theme immunoprotective 1441:1456 arg1 TGF-β1 1469:1474 TGF-β1 1469:1474 TGF-β1 1469:1474 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 10 44 theme immunoprotective 1441:1456 arg1 compounds 1458:1466 immunoprotective compounds 1441:1466 immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) 1441:1484 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 10 44 theme immunoprotective 1441:1456 arg1 sIgA 1480:1483 sIgA 1480:1483 sIgA 1480:1483 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 2 45 from mothers 334:340 arg1 samples 313:319 METHODS Breast-milk samples 293:319 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) 293:378 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 1 46 theme additional 253:262 arg1 factors 264:270 additional factors 253:270 additional factors determining CD risk 253:290 PURPOSE To investigate whether breast-milk composition and microbiota differ in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease (CD) to ultimately contribute to identify additional factors determining CD risk. 24700375 0 47 with mothers 54:60 arg1 disease 74:80 celiac disease 67:80 celiac disease 67:80 Human milk composition differs in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease. 24700375 3 48 theme flow 477:480 arg1 cytometry 482:490 flow cytometry 477:490 flow cytometry 477:490 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 7 49 theme P 1200:1200 arg1 content 1191:1197 increased Lacto-N-tetraose content 1164:1197 increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) 1164:1209 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 7 49 theme P 1200:1200 arg1 < 1202:1202 P < 0.042 1200:1208 P < 0.042 1200:1208 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 9 50 dep group 1344:1348 arg1 P 1351:1351 P 1351:1351 P < 0.044 1351:1359 (P < 0.026) and B. fragilis group (P < 0.044). 24700375 6 51 theme a-b- 1061:1064 arg1 type 1067:1070 the secretor Le(a-b-) type 1045:1070 the secretor Le(a-b-) type 1045:1070 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 4 52 theme Breast-milk 626:636 arg1 composition 649:659 Breast-milk microbiota composition 626:659 Breast-milk microbiota composition 626:659 Breast-milk microbiota composition was analyzed by conventional and quantitative real-time PCR. 24700375 2 53 theme Breast-milk 301:311 arg1 samples 313:319 METHODS Breast-milk samples 293:319 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) 293:378 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 1 54 theme celiac 196:201 arg1 disease 203:209 celiac disease 196:209 celiac disease (CD) 196:214 PURPOSE To investigate whether breast-milk composition and microbiota differ in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease (CD) to ultimately contribute to identify additional factors determining CD risk. 24700375 1 54 theme celiac 196:201 arg1 CD 212:213 CD 212:213 CD 212:213 PURPOSE To investigate whether breast-milk composition and microbiota differ in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease (CD) to ultimately contribute to identify additional factors determining CD risk. 24700375 7 55 theme increased 1164:1172 arg1 content 1191:1197 increased Lacto-N-tetraose content 1164:1197 increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) 1164:1209 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 7 55 theme increased 1164:1172 arg1 < 1202:1202 P < 0.042 1200:1208 P < 0.042 1200:1208 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 5 56 theme -γ 956:957 arg1 levels 784:789 significantly lower levels 764:789 significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) 764:897 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 56 theme -γ 956:957 arg1 levels 930:935 almost significantly lower levels 903:935 almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058) 903:969 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 9 57 dep B. 1332:1333 arg1 fragilis 1335:1342 fragilis 1335:1342 fragilis 1335:1342 (P < 0.026) and B. fragilis group (P < 0.044). 24700375 6 58 theme secretor 1049:1056 arg1 type 1067:1070 the secretor Le(a-b-) type 1045:1070 the secretor Le(a-b-) type 1045:1070 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 6 59 theme a+b- 1104:1107 arg1 type 1110:1113 the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1084:1113 the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1084:1113 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 5 60 theme P 960:960 arg1 -γ 956:957 interferon (IFN)-γ 940:957 interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058) 940:969 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 60 theme P 960:960 arg1 0.058 964:968 P < 0.058 960:968 P < 0.058 960:968 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 4 61 theme conventional 677:688 arg1 PCR 717:719 conventional and quantitative real-time PCR 677:719 PCR 717:719 Breast-milk microbiota composition was analyzed by conventional and quantitative real-time PCR. 24700375 6 62 theme Le 1101:1102 arg1 type 1110:1113 the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1084:1113 the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1084:1113 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 5 63 from mothers 749:755 arg1 milk 736:739 RESULT Breast milk 722:739 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers 722:755 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 3 64 theme milk 502:505 arg1 oligosaccharides 507:522 human milk oligosaccharides 496:522 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 496:529 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 3 64 theme milk 502:505 arg1 HMOs 525:528 HMOs 525:528 HMOs 525:528 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 7 65 theme Le 1143:1144 arg1 type 1152:1155 non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1130:1155 non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1130:1155 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 4 66 theme quantitative 694:705 arg1 PCR 717:719 conventional and quantitative real-time PCR 677:719 PCR 717:719 Breast-milk microbiota composition was analyzed by conventional and quantitative real-time PCR. 24700375 3 67 theme capillary 548:556 arg1 electrophoresis 558:572 capillary electrophoresis 548:572 capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection 548:623 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 10 68 dep compounds 1458:1466 arg1 TGF-β1 1469:1474 TGF-β1 1469:1474 TGF-β1 1469:1474 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 10 68 dep compounds 1458:1466 arg1 compounds 1458:1466 immunoprotective compounds 1441:1466 immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) 1441:1484 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 10 68 dep compounds 1458:1466 arg1 sIgA 1480:1483 sIgA 1480:1483 sIgA 1480:1483 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 5 69 theme CD 746:747 arg1 mothers 749:755 CD mothers 746:755 CD mothers 746:755 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 11 70 theme breast-feeding 1595:1608 arg1 effects 1584:1590 the protective effects 1569:1590 the protective effects of breast-feeding on the child's future risk of developing CD 1569:1652 The reduction in these components could theoretically diminish the protective effects of breast-feeding on the child's future risk of developing CD. 24700375 5 71 theme factor 850:855 arg1 0.018 871:875 P < 0.018 867:875 P < 0.018 867:875 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 71 theme factor 850:855 arg1 -β1 862:864 growth factor (TGF)-β1 843:864 growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) 843:876 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 8 72 theme reduced 1266:1272 arg1 numbers 1284:1290 reduced gene copy numbers 1266:1290 reduced gene copy numbers of Bifidobacterium spp 1266:1313 CD mothers' milk showed reduced gene copy numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. 24700375 2 73 theme METHODS 293:299 arg1 samples 313:319 METHODS Breast-milk samples 293:319 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) 293:378 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 8 74 theme copy 1279:1282 arg1 numbers 1284:1290 reduced gene copy numbers 1266:1290 reduced gene copy numbers of Bifidobacterium spp 1266:1313 CD mothers' milk showed reduced gene copy numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. 24700375 5 75 theme RESULT 722:727 arg1 milk 736:739 RESULT Breast milk 722:739 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers 722:755 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 10 76 theme CONCLUSION 1363:1372 arg1 mothers 1377:1383 CONCLUSION CD mothers' 1363:1384 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk 1363:1396 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 0 77 theme milk 6:9 arg1 composition 11:21 Human milk composition 0:21 Human milk composition 0:21 Human milk composition differs in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease. 24700375 5 78 theme P 867:867 arg1 0.018 871:875 P < 0.018 867:875 P < 0.018 867:875 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 78 theme P 867:867 arg1 -β1 862:864 growth factor (TGF)-β1 843:864 growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) 843:876 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 8 79 theme spp 1311:1313 arg1 numbers 1284:1290 reduced gene copy numbers 1266:1290 reduced gene copy numbers of Bifidobacterium spp 1266:1313 CD mothers' milk showed reduced gene copy numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. 24700375 1 80 theme CD 284:285 arg1 risk 287:290 CD risk 284:290 CD risk 284:290 PURPOSE To investigate whether breast-milk composition and microbiota differ in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease (CD) to ultimately contribute to identify additional factors determining CD risk. 24700375 10 81 theme breast 1386:1391 arg1 milk 1393:1396 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk 1363:1396 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk 1363:1396 CONCLUSION CD mothers' breast milk is characterized by a reduced abundance of immunoprotective compounds (TGF-β1 and sIgA) and bifidobacteria. 24700375 0 82 theme healthy 34:40 arg1 mothers 42:48 healthy mothers 34:48 healthy mothers 34:48 Human milk composition differs in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease. 24700375 11 83 theme future 1625:1630 arg1 risk 1632:1635 the child's future risk 1613:1635 the child's future risk of developing CD 1613:1652 The reduction in these components could theoretically diminish the protective effects of breast-feeding on the child's future risk of developing CD. 24700375 3 84 theme fluorescence 593:604 arg1 CE-LIF 607:612 CE-LIF 607:612 CE-LIF 607:612 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 3 84 theme fluorescence 593:604 arg1 detection 615:623 laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection 579:623 laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection 579:623 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 6 85 from mothers 976:982 arg1 group 992:996 each group 987:996 each group 987:996 Six mothers in each group belonged to the secretor Le(a-b+) type, one to the secretor Le(a-b-) type and five to the non-secretor Le(a+b-) type. 24700375 3 86 theme secretory 410:418 arg1 sIgA 438:441 sIgA 438:441 sIgA 438:441 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 3 86 theme secretory 410:418 arg1 A 435:435 secretory immunoglobulin A 410:435 secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) 410:442 Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection. 24700375 5 87 theme lower 778:782 arg1 levels 784:789 significantly lower levels 764:789 significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) 764:897 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 1 88 with mothers 183:189 arg1 disease 203:209 celiac disease 196:209 celiac disease (CD) 196:214 PURPOSE To investigate whether breast-milk composition and microbiota differ in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease (CD) to ultimately contribute to identify additional factors determining CD risk. 24700375 1 88 with mothers 183:189 arg1 CD 212:213 CD 212:213 CD 212:213 PURPOSE To investigate whether breast-milk composition and microbiota differ in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease (CD) to ultimately contribute to identify additional factors determining CD risk. 24700375 5 89 theme lower 924:928 arg1 levels 930:935 almost significantly lower levels 903:935 almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058) 903:969 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 2 90 from mothers 355:361 arg1 samples 313:319 METHODS Breast-milk samples 293:319 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) 293:378 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 5 91 theme < 890:890 arg1 sIgA 882:885 sIgA 882:885 sIgA (P < 0.003) 882:897 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 5 91 theme < 890:890 arg1 P 888:888 P < 0.003 888:896 P < 0.003 888:896 RESULT Breast milk from CD mothers showed significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL) 12p70 (P < 0.042), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P < 0.018) and sIgA (P < 0.003) and almost significantly lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.058). 24700375 7 92 theme type 1152:1155 arg1 mothers 1119:1125 CD mothers 1116:1125 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type 1116:1155 CD mothers of non-secretor Le(a+b-) type showed increased Lacto-N-tetraose content (P < 0.042) compared with healthy mothers. 24700375 2 93 theme healthy 326:332 arg1 n 343:343 n = 12 343:348 n = 12 343:348 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 24700375 2 93 theme healthy 326:332 arg1 mothers 334:340 healthy mothers 326:340 healthy mothers (n = 12) 326:349 METHODS Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. 27695090 0 0 theme Different 87:95 arg1 Sensitivity 97:107 Different Sensitivity 87:107 Different Sensitivity to Human Serum 87:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 1 1 theme higher 315:320 arg1 concentrations 322:335 higher concentrations 315:335 higher concentrations of NHS 315:342 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 4 2 theme resistant 825:833 arg1 strains 835:841 resistant strains 825:841 resistant strains 825:841 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 1 3 theme composition 165:175 arg1 analysis 138:145 Differential analysis 125:145 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) 125:244 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 4 4 theme hook-associated 904:918 arg1 FliD 931:934 FliD 931:934 FliD 931:934 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 4 theme hook-associated 904:918 arg1 protein 920:926 flagellar hook-associated protein 2 894:928 flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) 894:935 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 0 5 from Analysis 10:17 arg1 Strains 74:80 Salmonella Enteritidis Strains 51:80 Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum 51:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 4 6 theme protein 987:993 arg1 OmpA 998:1001 OmpA 998:1001 OmpA 998:1001 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 6 theme protein 987:993 arg1 A 995:995 outer membrane protein A 972:995 outer membrane protein A (OmpA) 972:1002 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 2 7 theme % 485:485 arg1 NHS 487:489 75% NHS 483:489 75% NHS 483:489 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 3 8 theme proteins 615:622 arg1 composition 624:634 outer membrane proteins composition 600:634 outer membrane proteins composition 600:634 Five extreme strains: two resistant and three sensitive to 75% NHS, were chosen for the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition. 27695090 4 9 theme outer 700:704 arg1 proteins 715:722 particular outer membrane proteins 689:722 particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains 689:762 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 10 theme membrane 978:985 arg1 OmpA 998:1001 OmpA 998:1001 OmpA 998:1001 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 10 theme membrane 978:985 arg1 A 995:995 outer membrane protein A 972:995 outer membrane protein A (OmpA) 972:1002 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 11 theme high 880:883 arg1 level 885:889 a high level 878:889 a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) 878:1002 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 2 12 theme 75 483:484 arg1 % 485:485 % 485:485 % 485:485 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 1 13 theme NHS 340:342 arg1 concentrations 322:335 higher concentrations 315:335 higher concentrations of NHS 315:342 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 4 14 theme particular 689:698 arg1 proteins 715:722 particular outer membrane proteins 689:722 particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains 689:762 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 0 15 with Strains 74:80 arg1 Sensitivity 97:107 Different Sensitivity 87:107 Different Sensitivity to Human Serum 87:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 3 16 theme extreme 497:503 arg1 strains 505:511 Five extreme strains 492:511 Five extreme strains 492:511 Five extreme strains: two resistant and three sensitive to 75% NHS, were chosen for the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition. 27695090 4 17 theme protease 785:792 arg1 E 794:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E 765:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) 765:801 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 17 theme protease 785:792 arg1 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 2 18 dep S. 349:350 arg1 Enteritidis 352:362 Enteritidis 352:362 Enteritidis 352:362 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 2 19 theme clinical 364:371 arg1 strains 373:379 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains 345:379 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains 345:379 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 2 19 theme clinical 364:371 arg1 all 404:406 all 404:406 all 404:406 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 1 20 theme S. 180:181 arg1 strains 195:201 S. Enteritidis strains 180:201 S. Enteritidis strains 180:201 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 0 21 theme Human 112:116 arg1 Serum 118:122 Human Serum 112:122 Human Serum 112:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 4 22 theme membrane 776:783 arg1 E 794:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E 765:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) 765:801 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 22 theme membrane 776:783 arg1 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 23 theme membrane 706:713 arg1 proteins 715:722 particular outer membrane proteins 689:722 particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains 689:762 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 1 24 theme Enteritidis 183:193 arg1 strains 195:201 S. Enteritidis strains 180:201 S. Enteritidis strains 180:201 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 4 25 theme sensitive 850:858 arg1 strains 860:866 sensitive strains 850:866 sensitive strains 850:866 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 1 26 theme strains 195:201 arg1 composition 165:175 outer membrane composition 150:175 outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) 150:244 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 0 27 theme Proteomic 0:8 arg1 Analysis 10:17 Proteomic Analysis 0:17 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum 0:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 0 28 theme Outer 22:26 arg1 Proteins 37:44 Outer Membrane Proteins 22:44 Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum 22:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 4 29 theme sensitive 746:754 arg1 strains 756:762 resistant and sensitive strains 732:762 resistant and sensitive strains 732:762 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 30 theme protein 920:926 arg1 level 885:889 a high level 878:889 a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) 878:1002 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 1 31 theme resistant 204:212 arg1 strains 195:201 S. Enteritidis strains 180:201 S. Enteritidis strains 180:201 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 4 32 theme higher 955:960 arg1 levels 962:967 significantly higher levels 941:967 significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) 941:1002 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 2 33 theme S. 349:350 arg1 strains 373:379 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains 345:379 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains 345:379 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 2 33 theme S. 349:350 arg1 all 404:406 all 404:406 all 404:406 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 3 34 dep strains 505:511 arg1 sensitive 538:546 sensitive 538:546 sensitive 538:546 Five extreme strains: two resistant and three sensitive to 75% NHS, were chosen for the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition. 27695090 3 34 dep strains 505:511 arg1 resistant 518:526 resistant 518:526 resistant 518:526 Five extreme strains: two resistant and three sensitive to 75% NHS, were chosen for the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition. 27695090 2 35 theme 50 395:396 arg1 % 397:397 % 397:397 % 397:397 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 0 36 theme Proteins 37:44 arg1 Analysis 10:17 Proteomic Analysis 0:17 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum 0:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 4 37 theme Substantial 637:647 arg1 differences 649:659 Substantial differences 637:659 Substantial differences 637:659 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 0 38 dep Salmonella 51:60 arg1 Enteritidis 62:72 Enteritidis 62:72 Enteritidis 62:72 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 4 39 located present 807:813 arg1 strains 835:841 resistant strains 825:841 resistant strains 825:841 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 39 located present 807:813 arg2 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 39 located present 807:813 arg2 E 794:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E 765:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) 765:801 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 1 40 theme 50 217:218 arg1 % 219:219 % 219:219 % 219:219 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 0 41 theme Membrane 28:35 arg1 Proteins 37:44 Outer Membrane Proteins 22:44 Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum 22:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 2 42 theme NHS 487:489 arg1 challenge 470:478 the challenge 466:478 the challenge of 75% NHS 466:489 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 0 43 from Strains 74:80 arg1 Proteins 37:44 Outer Membrane Proteins 22:44 Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum 22:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 0 43 from Strains 74:80 arg1 Analysis 10:17 Proteomic Analysis 0:17 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum 0:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 4 44 theme levels 962:967 arg1 level 885:889 a high level 878:889 a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) 878:1002 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 1 45 theme % 219:219 arg1 serum 234:238 50% normal human serum 217:238 50% normal human serum (NHS) 217:244 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 1 45 theme % 219:219 arg1 NHS 241:243 NHS 241:243 NHS 241:243 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 0 46 theme Salmonella 51:60 arg1 Strains 74:80 Salmonella Enteritidis Strains 51:80 Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum 51:122 Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Enteritidis Strains with Different Sensitivity to Human Serum. 27695090 4 47 theme outer 770:774 arg1 E 794:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E 765:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) 765:801 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 47 theme outer 770:774 arg1 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 48 located found 666:670 arg1 levels 679:684 the levels 675:684 the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains 675:762 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 48 located found 666:670 arg2 differences 649:659 Substantial differences 637:659 Substantial differences 637:659 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 49 from present 807:813 arg1 strains 835:841 resistant strains 825:841 resistant strains 825:841 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 50 from strains 835:841 arg1 present 807:813 present 807:813 present 807:813 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 51 theme i.e. 765:768 arg1 E 794:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E 765:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) 765:801 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 51 theme i.e. 765:768 arg1 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 52 contain possessed 868:876 arg2 level 885:889 a high level 878:889 a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) 878:1002 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 52 contain possessed 868:876 arg1 strains 860:866 sensitive strains 850:866 sensitive strains 850:866 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 1 53 theme Differential 125:136 arg1 analysis 138:145 Differential analysis 125:145 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) 125:244 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 3 54 theme membrane 606:613 arg1 proteins 615:622 outer membrane proteins 600:622 outer membrane proteins composition 600:634 Five extreme strains: two resistant and three sensitive to 75% NHS, were chosen for the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition. 27695090 3 55 theme outer 600:604 arg1 proteins 615:622 outer membrane proteins 600:622 outer membrane proteins composition 600:634 Five extreme strains: two resistant and three sensitive to 75% NHS, were chosen for the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition. 27695090 4 56 theme resistant 732:740 arg1 strains 756:762 resistant and sensitive strains 732:762 resistant and sensitive strains 732:762 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 57 theme A 995:995 arg1 FliD 931:934 FliD 931:934 FliD 931:934 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 57 theme A 995:995 arg1 levels 962:967 significantly higher levels 941:967 significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) 941:1002 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 57 theme A 995:995 arg1 protein 920:926 flagellar hook-associated protein 2 894:928 flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) 894:935 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 1 58 theme normal 221:226 arg1 serum 234:238 50% normal human serum 217:238 50% normal human serum (NHS) 217:244 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 1 58 theme normal 221:226 arg1 NHS 241:243 NHS 241:243 NHS 241:243 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 4 59 theme proteins 715:722 arg1 levels 679:684 the levels 675:684 the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains 675:762 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 3 60 theme further 580:586 arg1 analysis 588:595 the further analysis 576:595 the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition 576:634 Five extreme strains: two resistant and three sensitive to 75% NHS, were chosen for the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition. 27695090 1 61 theme human 228:232 arg1 serum 234:238 50% normal human serum 217:238 50% normal human serum (NHS) 217:244 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 1 61 theme human 228:232 arg1 NHS 241:243 NHS 241:243 NHS 241:243 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 4 62 theme flagellar 894:902 arg1 FliD 931:934 FliD 931:934 FliD 931:934 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 62 theme flagellar 894:902 arg1 protein 920:926 flagellar hook-associated protein 2 894:928 flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) 894:935 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 2 63 theme resistant 382:390 arg1 strains 373:379 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains 345:379 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains 345:379 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 2 63 theme resistant 382:390 arg1 all 404:406 all 404:406 all 404:406 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 3 64 theme 75 551:552 arg1 % 553:553 % 553:553 % 553:553 Five extreme strains: two resistant and three sensitive to 75% NHS, were chosen for the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition. 27695090 2 65 theme % 397:397 arg1 NHS 399:401 50% NHS 395:401 50% NHS 395:401 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 1 66 theme outer 150:154 arg1 composition 165:175 outer membrane composition 150:175 outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) 150:244 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 4 67 attach present 807:813 arg1 strains 835:841 resistant strains 825:841 resistant strains 825:841 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 67 attach present 807:813 arg2 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 PgtE 797:800 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 67 attach present 807:813 arg2 E 794:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E 765:794 i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) 765:801 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 2 68 theme long 423:426 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 428:445 very long lipopolysaccharide 418:445 very long lipopolysaccharide 418:445 Ten S. Enteritidis clinical strains, resistant to 50% NHS, all producing very long lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to the challenge of 75% NHS. 27695090 3 69 theme composition 624:634 arg1 analysis 588:595 the further analysis 576:595 the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition 576:634 Five extreme strains: two resistant and three sensitive to 75% NHS, were chosen for the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition. 27695090 3 70 theme % 553:553 arg1 NHS 555:557 75% NHS 551:557 75% NHS 551:557 Five extreme strains: two resistant and three sensitive to 75% NHS, were chosen for the further analysis of outer membrane proteins composition. 27695090 1 71 theme membrane 156:163 arg1 composition 165:175 outer membrane composition 150:175 outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) 150:244 Differential analysis of outer membrane composition of S. Enteritidis strains, resistant to 50% normal human serum (NHS) was performed in order to find factors influencing the resistance to higher concentrations of NHS. 27695090 4 72 theme outer 972:976 arg1 OmpA 998:1001 OmpA 998:1001 OmpA 998:1001 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 27695090 4 72 theme outer 972:976 arg1 A 995:995 outer membrane protein A 972:995 outer membrane protein A (OmpA) 972:1002 Substantial differences were found in the levels of particular outer membrane proteins between resistant and sensitive strains, i.e. outer membrane protease E (PgtE) was present mainly in resistant strains, while sensitive strains possessed a high level of flagellar hook-associated protein 2 (FliD) and significantly higher levels of outer membrane protein A (OmpA). 24465739 11 0 from weight 1689:1694 arg1 mice 1699:1702 mice 1699:1702 mice 1699:1702 dLOS did not cause any pathological effects or death at 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg per kg body weight in mice in the acute toxicity tests. 24465739 4 1 theme deacylated 579:588 arg1 lipooligosaccharide 590:608 deacylated lipooligosaccharide 579:608 deacylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) 579:615 Previously, we demonstrated an adjuvant activity of deacylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) to viral and bacterial antigens. 24465739 4 1 theme deacylated 579:588 arg1 dLOS 611:614 dLOS 611:614 dLOS 611:614 Previously, we demonstrated an adjuvant activity of deacylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) to viral and bacterial antigens. 24465739 13 2 theme further 1814:1820 arg1 development 1822:1832 further development 1814:1832 further development 1814:1832 dLOS should be considered for further development as a safe and effective adjuvant for human vaccines. 24465739 6 3 theme glucosamine 876:886 arg1 disaccharide 888:899 a glucosamine disaccharide 874:899 a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected] 874:967 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 7 4 theme peritoneal 1069:1078 arg1 macrophages 1080:1090 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1063:1090 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1063:1090 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 2 5 theme lipid 302:306 arg1 responsible 327:337 responsible 327:337 responsible 327:337 LPS elicits strong immunopathological responses during bacterial infection, and the lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for this immunostimulatory activity. 24465739 2 5 theme lipid 302:306 arg1 moiety 310:315 the lipid A moiety 298:315 the lipid A moiety of LPS 298:322 LPS elicits strong immunopathological responses during bacterial infection, and the lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for this immunostimulatory activity. 24465739 11 6 from mg 1674:1675 arg1 death 1649:1653 death 1649:1653 death at 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg per kg body weight in mice in the acute toxicity tests 1649:1730 dLOS did not cause any pathological effects or death at 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg per kg body weight in mice in the acute toxicity tests. 24465739 11 6 from mg 1674:1675 arg1 effects 1638:1644 any pathological effects 1621:1644 any pathological effects 1621:1644 dLOS did not cause any pathological effects or death at 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg per kg body weight in mice in the acute toxicity tests. 24465739 5 7 theme monophosphoryl 809:822 arg1 MPL 833:835 MPL 833:835 MPL 833:835 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 5 7 theme monophosphoryl 809:822 arg1 A 830:830 monophosphoryl lipid A 809:830 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) 809:836 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 1 8 theme outer 176:180 arg1 membrane 182:189 the outer membrane 172:189 the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria 172:215 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 24465739 6 9 theme R3-type 860:866 arg1 core 868:871 the R3-type core 856:871 the R3-type core 856:871 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 8 10 theme analysis 1185:1192 arg1 Results 1171:1177 Results 1171:1177 Results of an analysis of allogeneic T cell responses 1171:1223 Results of an analysis of allogeneic T cell responses revealed that dLOS induces Th1, Th2, and Th17-type immune responses in a dose-dependent manner. 24465739 10 11 theme O-linked 1515:1522 arg1 LPS 1539:1541 LPS 1539:1541 LPS 1539:1541 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 10 11 theme O-linked 1515:1522 arg1 groups 1529:1534 O-linked acyl groups 1515:1534 O-linked acyl groups of LPS 1515:1541 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 7 12 theme cytokine 1040:1047 arg1 production 1049:1058 cytokine production 1040:1058 cytokine production 1040:1058 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 2 13 theme LPS 320:322 arg1 responsible 327:337 responsible 327:337 responsible 327:337 LPS elicits strong immunopathological responses during bacterial infection, and the lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for this immunostimulatory activity. 24465739 2 13 theme LPS 320:322 arg1 moiety 310:315 the lipid A moiety 298:315 the lipid A moiety of LPS 298:322 LPS elicits strong immunopathological responses during bacterial infection, and the lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for this immunostimulatory activity. 24465739 9 14 theme TLR4 1391:1394 arg1 mice 1401:1404 TLR4(-/-) mice 1391:1404 TLR4(-/-) mice 1391:1404 The immunostimulatory activities of dLOS were completely abrogated in TLR4(-/-) mice, which confirms its TLR4-dependency. 24465739 6 15 theme acyl 945:948 arg1 groups 950:955 two N-linked acyl groups 932:955 two N-linked acyl groups [corrected 932:966 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 8 16 theme allogeneic 1197:1206 arg1 responses 1215:1223 allogeneic T cell responses 1197:1223 allogeneic T cell responses 1197:1223 Results of an analysis of allogeneic T cell responses revealed that dLOS induces Th1, Th2, and Th17-type immune responses in a dose-dependent manner. 24465739 10 17 theme oligosaccharide 1498:1512 arg1 presence 1477:1484 the presence 1473:1484 the presence of the core oligosaccharide 1473:1512 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 1 18 theme bacteria 208:215 arg1 membrane 182:189 the outer membrane 172:189 the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria 172:215 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 24465739 8 19 theme cell 1210:1213 arg1 responses 1215:1223 allogeneic T cell responses 1197:1223 allogeneic T cell responses 1197:1223 Results of an analysis of allogeneic T cell responses revealed that dLOS induces Th1, Th2, and Th17-type immune responses in a dose-dependent manner. 24465739 10 20 theme LPS 1539:1541 arg1 LPS 1539:1541 LPS 1539:1541 LPS 1539:1541 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 10 20 theme LPS 1539:1541 arg1 groups 1529:1534 O-linked acyl groups 1515:1534 O-linked acyl groups of LPS 1515:1541 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 0 21 theme structure 24:32 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 0:121 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 24465739 5 22 theme lipid 824:828 arg1 MPL 833:835 MPL 833:835 MPL 833:835 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 5 22 theme lipid 824:828 arg1 A 830:830 monophosphoryl lipid A 809:830 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) 809:836 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 6 23 with groups 992:997 arg1 groups 920:925 two phosphate groups 906:925 two phosphate groups 906:925 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 6 23 with groups 992:997 arg1 groups 950:955 two N-linked acyl groups 932:955 two N-linked acyl groups [corrected 932:966 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 6 24 theme phosphate 910:918 arg1 groups 920:925 two phosphate groups 906:925 two phosphate groups 906:925 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 5 25 theme chemical 686:693 arg1 structure 695:703 the chemical structure 682:703 the chemical structure of dLOS 682:711 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 6 26 link N-linked 978:985 arg1 groups 992:997 two N-linked acyl groups 974:997 two N-linked acyl groups 974:997 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 6 27 theme acyl 987:990 arg1 groups 992:997 two N-linked acyl groups 974:997 two N-linked acyl groups 974:997 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 1 28 theme major 153:157 arg1 component 159:167 a major component 151:167 a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria 151:215 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 24465739 1 28 theme major 153:157 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 123:140 Lipopolysaccharide 123:140 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 123:146 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 24465739 0 29 theme adjuvant 78:85 arg1 lipooligosaccharide 102:120 a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide 68:120 lipooligosaccharide 102:120 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 24465739 12 30 theme low 1770:1772 arg1 toxicity 1774:1781 a low toxicity 1768:1781 a low toxicity 1768:1781 This result suggests that dLOS has a low toxicity. 24465739 3 31 theme Lipid 376:380 arg1 A 382:382 Lipid A 376:382 Lipid A 376:382 Lipid A exerts its biological activity by sending signals via TLR4 present on immune cells, and TLR4 agonists have been a target for vaccine adjuvant. 24465739 0 32 theme de-O-acylated 88:100 arg1 lipooligosaccharide 102:120 a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide 68:120 lipooligosaccharide 102:120 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 24465739 7 33 from activator 1115:1123 arg1 DCs 1165:1167 DCs 1165:1167 DCs 1165:1167 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 7 33 from activator 1115:1123 arg1 monocytes 1134:1142 human monocytes 1128:1142 human monocytes 1128:1142 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 7 33 from activator 1115:1123 arg1 cells 1158:1162 dendritic cells 1148:1162 dendritic cells (DCs) 1148:1168 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 8 34 theme immune 1276:1281 arg1 responses 1283:1291 Th17-type immune responses 1266:1291 Th17-type immune responses 1266:1291 Results of an analysis of allogeneic T cell responses revealed that dLOS induces Th1, Th2, and Th17-type immune responses in a dose-dependent manner. 24465739 12 35 contain has 1764:1766 arg2 toxicity 1774:1781 a low toxicity 1768:1781 a low toxicity 1768:1781 This result suggests that dLOS has a low toxicity. 24465739 12 35 contain has 1764:1766 arg1 dLOS 1759:1762 dLOS 1759:1762 dLOS 1759:1762 This result suggests that dLOS has a low toxicity. 24465739 7 36 from induction 1027:1035 arg1 similar 1009:1015 similar 1009:1015 similar 1009:1015 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 7 36 from induction 1027:1035 arg1 macrophages 1080:1090 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1063:1090 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1063:1090 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 0 37 theme immunostimulatory 38:54 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 0:121 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 24465739 3 38 theme biological 395:404 arg1 activity 406:413 its biological activity 391:413 its biological activity 391:413 Lipid A exerts its biological activity by sending signals via TLR4 present on immune cells, and TLR4 agonists have been a target for vaccine adjuvant. 24465739 3 39 theme TLR4 438:441 arg1 present 443:449 TLR4 present 438:449 TLR4 present on immune cells 438:465 Lipid A exerts its biological activity by sending signals via TLR4 present on immune cells, and TLR4 agonists have been a target for vaccine adjuvant. 24465739 7 40 theme human 1128:1132 arg1 monocytes 1134:1142 human monocytes 1128:1142 human monocytes 1128:1142 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 8 41 theme dose-dependent 1298:1311 arg1 manner 1313:1318 a dose-dependent manner 1296:1318 a dose-dependent manner 1296:1318 Results of an analysis of allogeneic T cell responses revealed that dLOS induces Th1, Th2, and Th17-type immune responses in a dose-dependent manner. 24465739 4 42 theme adjuvant 558:565 arg1 activity 567:574 an adjuvant activity 555:574 an adjuvant activity of deacylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) to viral and bacterial antigens 555:647 Previously, we demonstrated an adjuvant activity of deacylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) to viral and bacterial antigens. 24465739 10 43 theme signaling 1583:1591 arg1 pathway 1593:1599 the TLR4 signaling pathway 1574:1599 the TLR4 signaling pathway 1574:1599 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 13 44 theme human 1871:1875 arg1 vaccines 1877:1884 human vaccines 1871:1884 human vaccines 1871:1884 dLOS should be considered for further development as a safe and effective adjuvant for human vaccines. 24465739 11 45 theme toxicity 1717:1724 arg1 tests 1726:1730 the acute toxicity tests 1707:1730 the acute toxicity tests 1707:1730 dLOS did not cause any pathological effects or death at 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg per kg body weight in mice in the acute toxicity tests. 24465739 11 46 theme pathological 1625:1636 arg1 effects 1638:1644 any pathological effects 1621:1644 any pathological effects 1621:1644 dLOS did not cause any pathological effects or death at 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg per kg body weight in mice in the acute toxicity tests. 24465739 3 47 from present 443:449 arg1 cells 461:465 immune cells 454:465 immune cells 454:465 Lipid A exerts its biological activity by sending signals via TLR4 present on immune cells, and TLR4 agonists have been a target for vaccine adjuvant. 24465739 7 48 from similar 1009:1015 arg1 induction 1027:1035 induction 1027:1035 induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages 1027:1090 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 10 49 theme core 1493:1496 arg1 oligosaccharide 1498:1512 the core oligosaccharide 1489:1512 the core oligosaccharide 1489:1512 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 7 50 theme mouse 1063:1067 arg1 macrophages 1080:1090 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1063:1090 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1063:1090 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 2 51 theme A 308:308 arg1 responsible 327:337 responsible 327:337 responsible 327:337 LPS elicits strong immunopathological responses during bacterial infection, and the lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for this immunostimulatory activity. 24465739 2 51 theme A 308:308 arg1 moiety 310:315 the lipid A moiety 298:315 the lipid A moiety of LPS 298:322 LPS elicits strong immunopathological responses during bacterial infection, and the lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for this immunostimulatory activity. 24465739 9 52 theme dLOS 1357:1360 arg1 activities 1343:1352 The immunostimulatory activities 1321:1352 The immunostimulatory activities of dLOS 1321:1360 The immunostimulatory activities of dLOS were completely abrogated in TLR4(-/-) mice, which confirms its TLR4-dependency. 24465739 5 53 with comparison 793:802 arg1 MPL 833:835 MPL 833:835 MPL 833:835 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 5 53 with comparison 793:802 arg1 A 830:830 monophosphoryl lipid A 809:830 monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) 809:836 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 4 54 theme lipooligosaccharide 590:608 arg1 activity 567:574 an adjuvant activity 555:574 an adjuvant activity of deacylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) to viral and bacterial antigens 555:647 Previously, we demonstrated an adjuvant activity of deacylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) to viral and bacterial antigens. 24465739 2 55 theme immunostimulatory 348:364 arg1 activity 366:373 this immunostimulatory activity 343:373 this immunostimulatory activity 343:373 LPS elicits strong immunopathological responses during bacterial infection, and the lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for this immunostimulatory activity. 24465739 7 56 theme production 1049:1058 arg1 induction 1027:1035 induction 1027:1035 induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages 1027:1090 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 10 57 link O-linked 1515:1522 arg1 LPS 1539:1541 LPS 1539:1541 LPS 1539:1541 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 10 57 link O-linked 1515:1522 arg1 groups 1529:1534 O-linked acyl groups 1515:1534 O-linked acyl groups of LPS 1515:1541 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 10 58 theme acyl 1524:1527 arg1 LPS 1539:1541 LPS 1539:1541 LPS 1539:1541 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 10 58 theme acyl 1524:1527 arg1 groups 1529:1534 O-linked acyl groups 1515:1534 O-linked acyl groups of LPS 1515:1541 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 5 59 theme human 771:775 arg1 cells 784:788 human immune cells 771:788 human immune cells 771:788 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 1 60 theme membrane 182:189 arg1 component 159:167 a major component 151:167 a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria 151:215 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 24465739 1 60 theme membrane 182:189 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 123:140 Lipopolysaccharide 123:140 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 123:146 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 24465739 11 61 theme body 1684:1687 arg1 weight 1689:1694 body weight 1684:1694 body weight in mice 1684:1702 dLOS did not cause any pathological effects or death at 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg per kg body weight in mice in the acute toxicity tests. 24465739 1 62 theme Gram-negative 194:206 arg1 bacteria 208:215 Gram-negative bacteria 194:215 Gram-negative bacteria 194:215 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 24465739 6 63 theme N-linked 936:943 arg1 groups 950:955 two N-linked acyl groups 932:955 two N-linked acyl groups [corrected 932:966 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 5 64 theme dLOS 708:711 arg1 structure 695:703 the chemical structure 682:703 the chemical structure of dLOS 682:711 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 5 65 from activity 749:756 arg1 mouse 761:765 mouse 761:765 mouse 761:765 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 5 65 from activity 749:756 arg1 cells 784:788 human immune cells 771:788 human immune cells 771:788 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 6 66 link N-linked 936:943 arg1 groups 950:955 two N-linked acyl groups 932:955 two N-linked acyl groups [corrected 932:966 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 8 67 theme T 1208:1208 arg1 responses 1215:1223 allogeneic T cell responses 1197:1223 allogeneic T cell responses 1197:1223 Results of an analysis of allogeneic T cell responses revealed that dLOS induces Th1, Th2, and Th17-type immune responses in a dose-dependent manner. 24465739 0 68 theme lipooligosaccharide 102:120 arg1 immunostimulatory 38:54 immunostimulatory 38:54 immunostimulatory 38:54 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 24465739 0 68 theme lipooligosaccharide 102:120 arg1 structure 24:32 structure 24:32 structure 24:32 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 24465739 2 69 theme strong 230:235 arg1 responses 256:264 strong immunopathological responses 230:264 strong immunopathological responses 230:264 LPS elicits strong immunopathological responses during bacterial infection, and the lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for this immunostimulatory activity. 24465739 8 70 theme responses 1215:1223 arg1 analysis 1185:1192 an analysis 1182:1192 an analysis of allogeneic T cell responses 1182:1223 Results of an analysis of allogeneic T cell responses revealed that dLOS induces Th1, Th2, and Th17-type immune responses in a dose-dependent manner. 24465739 0 71 theme vaccine 70:76 arg1 lipooligosaccharide 102:120 a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide 68:120 lipooligosaccharide 102:120 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 24465739 2 72 theme bacterial 273:281 arg1 infection 283:291 bacterial infection 273:291 bacterial infection 273:291 LPS elicits strong immunopathological responses during bacterial infection, and the lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for this immunostimulatory activity. 24465739 4 73 theme bacterial 630:638 arg1 antigens 640:647 viral and bacterial antigens 620:647 viral and bacterial antigens 620:647 Previously, we demonstrated an adjuvant activity of deacylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) to viral and bacterial antigens. 24465739 6 74 theme N-linked 978:985 arg1 groups 992:997 two N-linked acyl groups 974:997 two N-linked acyl groups 974:997 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 7 75 theme dendritic 1148:1156 arg1 DCs 1165:1167 DCs 1165:1167 DCs 1165:1167 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 7 75 theme dendritic 1148:1156 arg1 cells 1158:1162 dendritic cells 1148:1162 dendritic cells (DCs) 1148:1168 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 5 76 theme immunostimulatory 731:747 arg1 activity 749:756 its immunostimulatory activity 727:756 its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells 727:788 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 9 77 theme -/- 1396:1398 arg1 mice 1401:1404 TLR4(-/-) mice 1391:1404 TLR4(-/-) mice 1391:1404 The immunostimulatory activities of dLOS were completely abrogated in TLR4(-/-) mice, which confirms its TLR4-dependency. 24465739 8 78 theme Th17-type 1266:1274 arg1 responses 1283:1291 Th17-type immune responses 1266:1291 Th17-type immune responses 1266:1291 Results of an analysis of allogeneic T cell responses revealed that dLOS induces Th1, Th2, and Th17-type immune responses in a dose-dependent manner. 24465739 3 79 theme immune 454:459 arg1 cells 461:465 immune cells 454:465 immune cells 454:465 Lipid A exerts its biological activity by sending signals via TLR4 present on immune cells, and TLR4 agonists have been a target for vaccine adjuvant. 24465739 7 80 theme potent 1108:1113 arg1 activator 1115:1123 a more potent activator 1101:1123 a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) 1101:1168 dLOS was similar to MPL in induction of cytokine production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, but was a more potent activator in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). 24465739 3 81 theme TLR4 472:475 arg1 agonists 477:484 TLR4 agonists 472:484 TLR4 agonists 472:484 Lipid A exerts its biological activity by sending signals via TLR4 present on immune cells, and TLR4 agonists have been a target for vaccine adjuvant. 24465739 3 81 theme TLR4 472:475 arg1 target 498:503 a target 496:503 a target for vaccine adjuvant 496:524 Lipid A exerts its biological activity by sending signals via TLR4 present on immune cells, and TLR4 agonists have been a target for vaccine adjuvant. 24465739 5 82 theme immune 777:782 arg1 cells 784:788 human immune cells 771:788 human immune cells 771:788 In this study, we characterized the chemical structure of dLOS and evaluated its immunostimulatory activity on mouse and human immune cells in comparison with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). 24465739 10 83 theme TLR4 1578:1581 arg1 pathway 1593:1599 the TLR4 signaling pathway 1574:1599 the TLR4 signaling pathway 1574:1599 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 10 84 from dispensable 1547:1557 arg1 presence 1477:1484 the presence 1473:1484 the presence of the core oligosaccharide 1473:1512 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 6 85 with disaccharide 888:899 arg1 groups 920:925 two phosphate groups 906:925 two phosphate groups 906:925 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 6 85 with disaccharide 888:899 arg1 groups 950:955 two N-linked acyl groups 932:955 two N-linked acyl groups [corrected 932:966 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 10 86 from presence 1477:1484 arg1 dispensable 1547:1557 dispensable 1547:1557 dispensable 1547:1557 These results suggest that in the presence of the core oligosaccharide, O-linked acyl groups of LPS are dispensable for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. 24465739 0 87 dep structure 24:32 arg1 the 20:22 the 20:22 the 20:22 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 24465739 0 87 dep structure 24:32 arg1 activity 56:63 activity 56:63 activity 56:63 Characterization of the structure and immunostimulatory activity of a vaccine adjuvant, de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide. 24465739 2 88 theme immunopathological 237:254 arg1 responses 256:264 strong immunopathological responses 230:264 strong immunopathological responses 230:264 LPS elicits strong immunopathological responses during bacterial infection, and the lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for this immunostimulatory activity. 24465739 11 89 theme acute 1711:1715 arg1 tests 1726:1730 the acute toxicity tests 1707:1730 the acute toxicity tests 1707:1730 dLOS did not cause any pathological effects or death at 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg per kg body weight in mice in the acute toxicity tests. 24465739 6 90 with core 868:871 arg1 groups 920:925 two phosphate groups 906:925 two phosphate groups 906:925 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 6 90 with core 868:871 arg1 groups 950:955 two N-linked acyl groups 932:955 two N-linked acyl groups [corrected 932:966 dLOS consists of the R3-type core, a glucosamine disaccharide with two phosphate groups, and two N-linked acyl groups [corrected], and two N-linked acyl groups. 24465739 4 91 theme viral 620:624 arg1 antigens 640:647 viral and bacterial antigens 620:647 viral and bacterial antigens 620:647 Previously, we demonstrated an adjuvant activity of deacylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) to viral and bacterial antigens. 24465739 3 92 theme adjuvant 517:524 arg1 vaccine 509:515 vaccine adjuvant 509:524 vaccine adjuvant 509:524 Lipid A exerts its biological activity by sending signals via TLR4 present on immune cells, and TLR4 agonists have been a target for vaccine adjuvant. 24465739 9 93 theme immunostimulatory 1325:1341 arg1 activities 1343:1352 The immunostimulatory activities 1321:1352 The immunostimulatory activities of dLOS 1321:1360 The immunostimulatory activities of dLOS were completely abrogated in TLR4(-/-) mice, which confirms its TLR4-dependency. 26716613 2 0 theme methyl 590:595 arg1 K4M 614:616 Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M 556:616 K4M 614:616 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 6 1 theme Poloxamer 1049:1057 arg1 % 1155:1155 % 1155:1155 % of drug release of both drug 1155:1184 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 1 theme Poloxamer 1049:1057 arg1 index 1123:1127 mucoadhesive index 1110:1127 mucoadhesive index 1110:1127 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 1 theme Poloxamer 1049:1057 arg1 Poloxamer 1049:1057 Poloxamer 407 1049:1061 Poloxamer 407 1049:1061 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 1 theme Poloxamer 1049:1057 arg1 release 1165:1171 drug release 1160:1171 drug release of both drug 1160:1184 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 1 theme Poloxamer 1049:1057 arg1 attributes 1019:1028 Materials attributes 1009:1028 Materials attributes 1009:1028 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 1 theme Poloxamer 1049:1057 arg1 strength 1100:1107 Gel strength 1096:1107 Gel strength 1096:1107 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 1 theme Poloxamer 1049:1057 arg1 temperature 1139:1149 gelation temperature 1130:1149 gelation temperature 1130:1149 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 1 theme Poloxamer 1049:1057 arg1 amount 1039:1044 the amount 1035:1044 the amount of Poloxamer 407 1035:1061 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 9 2 theme drug 1779:1782 arg1 release 1784:1790 sustained drug release 1769:1790 sustained drug release 1769:1790 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 1 3 theme relative 263:270 arg1 impermeability 272:285 the relative impermeability 259:285 the relative impermeability to the cornea 259:299 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 2 4 theme hydroxyl 574:581 arg1 K4M 614:616 Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M 556:616 K4M 614:616 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 6 5 theme gelation 1130:1137 arg1 temperature 1139:1149 gelation temperature 1130:1149 gelation temperature 1130:1149 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 8 6 dep delayed 1400:1406 arg1 improved 1414:1421 improved 1414:1421 improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor 1414:1458 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 2 7 theme form 741:744 arg1 administration 716:729 administration 716:729 administration of dosage form 716:744 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 1 8 theme conventional 166:177 arg1 systems 206:212 The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems 162:212 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems 154:212 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 7 9 theme acceptable 1312:1321 arg1 limits 1323:1328 acceptable limits 1312:1328 acceptable limits 1312:1328 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 4 10 theme composite 857:865 arg1 CCD 875:877 CCD 875:877 CCD 875:877 Central composite design (CCD) was adopted to optimize the formulation. 26716613 4 10 theme composite 857:865 arg1 design 867:872 Central composite design 849:872 Central composite design (CCD) 849:878 Central composite design (CCD) was adopted to optimize the formulation. 26716613 6 11 theme drug 1181:1184 arg1 release 1165:1171 drug release 1160:1171 drug release of both drug 1160:1184 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 1 12 theme ophthalmic 186:195 arg1 systems 206:212 The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems 162:212 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems 154:212 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 6 13 theme Gel 1096:1098 arg1 strength 1100:1107 Gel strength 1096:1107 Gel strength 1096:1107 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 9 14 theme corneal 1833:1839 arg1 penetration 1841:1851 improved corneal penetration 1824:1851 improved corneal penetration 1824:1851 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 9 15 dep in 1655:1656 arg1 situ 1658:1661 situ 1658:1661 situ 1658:1661 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 2 16 theme ophthalmic 522:531 arg1 gel 541:543 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel 433:543 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability 433:683 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 8 17 theme marketed 1349:1356 arg1 formulation 1358:1368 the marketed formulation 1345:1368 the marketed formulation 1345:1368 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 0 18 theme quality 127:133 arg1 application 112:122 application 112:122 application of quality by design concept 112:151 Formulation and development of ophthalmic in situ gel for the treatment ocular inflammation and infection using application of quality by design concept. 26716613 7 19 contain containing 1231:1240 arg2 % 1247:1247 16.75% 1242:1247 16.75% poloxamer 407 1242:1261 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 7 19 contain containing 1231:1240 arg1 batch 1220:1224 DISCUSSION Optimized batch 1199:1224 DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M 1199:1280 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 7 19 contain containing 1231:1240 arg1 * 1228:1228 F* 1227:1228 F* 1227:1228 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 7 19 contain containing 1231:1240 arg2 % 1271:1271 0.54% 1267:1271 0.54% 1267:1271 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 1 20 theme short 222:226 arg1 time 250:253 short pre-corneal residence time 222:253 short pre-corneal residence time 222:253 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 6 21 theme release 1165:1171 arg1 % 1155:1155 % 1155:1155 % of drug release of both drug 1155:1184 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 21 theme release 1165:1171 arg1 index 1123:1127 mucoadhesive index 1110:1127 mucoadhesive index 1110:1127 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 21 theme release 1165:1171 arg1 Poloxamer 1049:1057 Poloxamer 407 1049:1061 Poloxamer 407 1049:1061 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 21 theme release 1165:1171 arg1 release 1165:1171 drug release 1160:1171 drug release of both drug 1160:1184 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 21 theme release 1165:1171 arg1 attributes 1019:1028 Materials attributes 1009:1028 Materials attributes 1009:1028 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 21 theme release 1165:1171 arg1 strength 1100:1107 Gel strength 1096:1107 Gel strength 1096:1107 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 21 theme release 1165:1171 arg1 temperature 1139:1149 gelation temperature 1130:1149 gelation temperature 1130:1149 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 21 theme release 1165:1171 arg1 amount 1039:1044 the amount 1035:1044 the amount of Poloxamer 407 1035:1061 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 0 22 theme design 138:143 arg1 concept 145:151 design concept 138:151 design concept 138:151 Formulation and development of ophthalmic in situ gel for the treatment ocular inflammation and infection using application of quality by design concept. 26716613 5 23 theme cold 996:999 arg1 method 1001:1006 cold method 996:1006 cold method 996:1006 MATERIALS AND METHODS The ophthalmic in situ forming gels were prepared by cold method. 26716613 4 24 theme Central 849:855 arg1 CCD 875:877 CCD 875:877 CCD 875:877 Central composite design (CCD) was adopted to optimize the formulation. 26716613 4 24 theme Central 849:855 arg1 design 867:872 Central composite design 849:872 Central composite design (CCD) 849:878 Central composite design (CCD) was adopted to optimize the formulation. 26716613 8 25 theme in 1381:1382 arg1 gel 1389:1391 optimized in situ gel 1371:1391 optimized in situ gel 1371:1391 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 2 26 theme ocular 665:670 arg1 bioavability 672:683 ocular bioavability 665:683 ocular bioavability 665:683 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 26 theme ocular 665:670 arg1 407 566:568 Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M 556:616 407 566:568 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 5 27 dep MATERIALS 921:929 arg1 in 958:959 in 958:959 in 958:959 MATERIALS AND METHODS The ophthalmic in situ forming gels were prepared by cold method. 26716613 3 28 theme quality 788:794 arg1 attributes 796:805 the critical quality attributes 775:805 the critical quality attributes 775:805 The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. 26716613 0 29 theme treatment 62:70 arg1 inflammation 79:90 the treatment ocular inflammation 58:90 the treatment ocular inflammation 58:90 Formulation and development of ophthalmic in situ gel for the treatment ocular inflammation and infection using application of quality by design concept. 26716613 2 30 theme -loaded 497:503 arg1 gel 541:543 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel 433:543 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability 433:683 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 9 31 theme mucoadhesive 1671:1682 arg1 TS 1616:1617 TS 1616:1617 TS 1616:1617 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 9 31 theme mucoadhesive 1671:1682 arg1 DSP 1608:1610 DSP 1608:1610 DSP 1608:1610 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 9 31 theme mucoadhesive 1671:1682 arg1 system 1684:1689 in situ gelling mucoadhesive system 1655:1689 in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration 1655:1851 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 2 32 theme dexamethasone 433:445 arg1 phosphate 454:462 dexamethasone sodium phosphate 433:462 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) 433:468 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 32 theme dexamethasone 433:445 arg1 DSP 465:467 DSP 465:467 DSP 465:467 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 33 dep OBJECTIVE 345:353 arg1 was 377:379 was 377:379 was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form 377:744 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 8 34 dep showed 1393:1398 arg1 delayed 1400:1406 delayed 1400:1406 delayed Tmax 1400:1411 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 8 35 theme rabbit 1439:1444 arg1 humor 1454:1458 rabbit aqueous humor 1439:1458 rabbit aqueous humor 1439:1458 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 2 36 theme pre-corneal 637:647 arg1 time 659:662 the pre-corneal residence time 633:662 the pre-corneal residence time 633:662 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 37 contain containing 545:554 arg2 407 566:568 Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M 556:616 407 566:568 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 37 contain containing 545:554 arg2 K4M 614:616 Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M 556:616 K4M 614:616 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 37 contain containing 545:554 arg2 bioavability 672:683 ocular bioavability 665:683 ocular bioavability 665:683 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 37 contain containing 545:554 arg1 gel 541:543 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel 433:543 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability 433:683 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 9 38 theme ocular 1803:1808 arg1 retention 1810:1818 prolonged ocular retention 1793:1818 prolonged ocular retention 1793:1818 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 0 39 theme ophthalmic 31:40 arg1 gel 50:52 ophthalmic in situ gel 31:52 ophthalmic in situ gel 31:52 Formulation and development of ophthalmic in situ gel for the treatment ocular inflammation and infection using application of quality by design concept. 26716613 7 40 dep % 1247:1247 arg1 poloxamer 1249:1257 poloxamer 407 1249:1261 16.75% poloxamer 407 1242:1261 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 7 40 dep % 1247:1247 arg1 K4M 1278:1280 HPMC K4M 1273:1280 HPMC K4M 1273:1280 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 9 41 theme eye 1731:1733 arg1 infections 1735:1744 steroid responsive eye infections 1712:1744 steroid responsive eye infections 1712:1744 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 1 42 theme ocular 321:326 arg1 bioavailability 328:342 poor ocular bioavailability 316:342 poor ocular bioavailability 316:342 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 2 43 theme sodium 447:452 arg1 phosphate 454:462 dexamethasone sodium phosphate 433:462 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) 433:468 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 43 theme sodium 447:452 arg1 DSP 465:467 DSP 465:467 DSP 465:467 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 8 44 theme sustained 1476:1484 arg1 release 1491:1497 the sustained drug release 1472:1497 the sustained drug release 1472:1497 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 1 45 theme pre-corneal 228:238 arg1 time 250:253 short pre-corneal residence time 222:253 short pre-corneal residence time 222:253 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 7 46 theme Optimized 1210:1218 arg1 batch 1220:1224 DISCUSSION Optimized batch 1199:1224 DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M 1199:1280 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 7 46 theme Optimized 1210:1218 arg1 * 1228:1228 F* 1227:1228 F* 1227:1228 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 9 47 theme retention 1810:1818 arg1 properties 1755:1764 the properties 1751:1764 the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration 1751:1851 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 9 48 theme sustained 1769:1777 arg1 release 1784:1790 sustained drug release 1769:1790 sustained drug release 1769:1790 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 8 49 theme better 1503:1508 arg1 penetration 1518:1528 better corneal penetration 1503:1528 better corneal penetration 1503:1528 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 2 50 theme propyl 583:588 arg1 K4M 614:616 Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M 556:616 K4M 614:616 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 9 51 theme release 1784:1790 arg1 properties 1755:1764 the properties 1751:1764 the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration 1751:1851 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 9 52 theme prolonged 1793:1801 arg1 retention 1810:1818 prolonged ocular retention 1793:1818 prolonged ocular retention 1793:1818 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 2 53 dep in 533:534 arg1 situ 536:539 situ 536:539 situ 536:539 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 54 theme HPMC 608:611 arg1 K4M 614:616 Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M 556:616 K4M 614:616 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 6 55 theme mucoadhesive 1110:1121 arg1 index 1123:1127 mucoadhesive index 1110:1127 mucoadhesive index 1110:1127 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 2 56 theme dosage 734:739 arg1 form 741:744 dosage form 734:744 dosage form 734:744 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 9 57 with treatment 1699:1707 arg1 properties 1755:1764 the properties 1751:1764 the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration 1751:1851 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 1 58 theme liquid 179:184 arg1 systems 206:212 The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems 162:212 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems 154:212 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 2 59 theme cellulose 597:605 arg1 K4M 614:616 Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M 556:616 K4M 614:616 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 9 60 theme improved 1824:1831 arg1 penetration 1841:1851 improved corneal penetration 1824:1851 improved corneal penetration 1824:1851 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 1 61 theme delivery 197:204 arg1 systems 206:212 The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems 162:212 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems 154:212 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 2 62 theme in 533:534 arg1 gel 541:543 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel 433:543 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability 433:683 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 9 63 theme penetration 1841:1851 arg1 properties 1755:1764 the properties 1751:1764 the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration 1751:1851 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 2 64 theme thermoresponsive 505:520 arg1 gel 541:543 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel 433:543 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability 433:683 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 8 65 theme optimized 1371:1379 arg1 gel 1389:1391 optimized in situ gel 1371:1391 optimized in situ gel 1371:1391 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 5 66 dep in 958:959 arg1 situ 961:964 situ 961:964 situ 961:964 MATERIALS AND METHODS The ophthalmic in situ forming gels were prepared by cold method. 26716613 2 67 theme Poloxamer 556:564 arg1 bioavability 672:683 ocular bioavability 665:683 ocular bioavability 665:683 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 67 theme Poloxamer 556:564 arg1 407 566:568 Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M 556:616 407 566:568 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 6 68 theme drug 1160:1163 arg1 release 1165:1171 drug release 1160:1171 drug release of both drug 1160:1184 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 3 69 theme material 751:758 arg1 CQA 808:810 CQA 808:810 CQA 808:810 The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. 26716613 3 69 theme material 751:758 arg1 attributes 760:769 The material attributes 747:769 The material attributes 747:769 The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. 26716613 3 70 theme gel 828:830 arg1 CQA 808:810 CQA 808:810 CQA 808:810 The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. 26716613 3 70 theme gel 828:830 arg1 attributes 796:805 the critical quality attributes 775:805 the critical quality attributes 775:805 The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. 26716613 3 70 theme gel 828:830 arg1 attributes 760:769 The material attributes 747:769 The material attributes 747:769 The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. 26716613 2 71 theme gel 541:543 arg1 development 418:428 development 418:428 development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability 418:683 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 7 72 theme HPMC 1273:1276 arg1 K4M 1278:1280 HPMC K4M 1273:1280 HPMC K4M 1273:1280 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 2 73 theme administration 716:729 arg1 frequency 703:711 the frequency 699:711 the frequency of administration of dosage form 699:744 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 3 74 theme in 820:821 arg1 gel 828:830 the in situ gel 816:830 the in situ gel 816:830 The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. 26716613 2 75 theme tobramycin 474:483 arg1 sulfate 485:491 tobramycin sulfate 474:491 tobramycin sulfate 474:491 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 3 76 theme critical 779:786 arg1 attributes 796:805 the critical quality attributes 775:805 the critical quality attributes 775:805 The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. 26716613 0 77 theme ocular 72:77 arg1 inflammation 79:90 the treatment ocular inflammation 58:90 the treatment ocular inflammation 58:90 Formulation and development of ophthalmic in situ gel for the treatment ocular inflammation and infection using application of quality by design concept. 26716613 9 78 theme in 1655:1656 arg1 TS 1616:1617 TS 1616:1617 TS 1616:1617 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 9 78 theme in 1655:1656 arg1 DSP 1608:1610 DSP 1608:1610 DSP 1608:1610 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 9 78 theme in 1655:1656 arg1 system 1684:1689 in situ gelling mucoadhesive system 1655:1689 in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration 1655:1851 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 3 79 dep in 820:821 arg1 situ 823:826 situ 823:826 situ 823:826 The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. 26716613 9 80 theme gelling 1663:1669 arg1 TS 1616:1617 TS 1616:1617 TS 1616:1617 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 9 80 theme gelling 1663:1669 arg1 DSP 1608:1610 DSP 1608:1610 DSP 1608:1610 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 9 80 theme gelling 1663:1669 arg1 system 1684:1689 in situ gelling mucoadhesive system 1655:1689 in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration 1655:1851 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 8 81 theme aqueous 1446:1452 arg1 humor 1454:1458 rabbit aqueous humor 1439:1458 rabbit aqueous humor 1439:1458 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 2 82 theme residence 649:657 arg1 time 659:662 the pre-corneal residence time 633:662 the pre-corneal residence time 633:662 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 1 83 dep CONTEXT 154:160 arg1 systems 206:212 The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems 162:212 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems 154:212 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 9 84 dep CONCLUSION 1546:1555 arg1 study 1574:1578 the study 1570:1578 the study 1570:1578 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 6 85 theme Materials 1009:1017 arg1 release 1165:1171 drug release 1160:1171 drug release of both drug 1160:1184 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 85 theme Materials 1009:1017 arg1 Poloxamer 1049:1057 Poloxamer 407 1049:1061 Poloxamer 407 1049:1061 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 85 theme Materials 1009:1017 arg1 attributes 1019:1028 Materials attributes 1009:1028 Materials attributes 1009:1028 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 6 85 theme Materials 1009:1017 arg1 amount 1039:1044 the amount 1035:1044 the amount of Poloxamer 407 1035:1061 Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug. 26716613 0 86 theme in 42:43 arg1 gel 50:52 ophthalmic in situ gel 31:52 ophthalmic in situ gel 31:52 Formulation and development of ophthalmic in situ gel for the treatment ocular inflammation and infection using application of quality by design concept. 26716613 8 87 dep in 1381:1382 arg1 situ 1384:1387 situ 1384:1387 situ 1384:1387 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 2 88 dep -loaded 497:503 arg1 phosphate 454:462 dexamethasone sodium phosphate 433:462 dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) 433:468 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 88 dep -loaded 497:503 arg1 sulfate 485:491 tobramycin sulfate 474:491 tobramycin sulfate 474:491 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 2 88 dep -loaded 497:503 arg1 DSP 465:467 DSP 465:467 DSP 465:467 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 26716613 7 89 theme F 1227:1227 arg1 batch 1220:1224 DISCUSSION Optimized batch 1199:1224 DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M 1199:1280 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 7 89 theme F 1227:1227 arg1 * 1228:1228 F* 1227:1228 F* 1227:1228 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 9 90 theme responsive 1720:1729 arg1 infections 1735:1744 steroid responsive eye infections 1712:1744 steroid responsive eye infections 1712:1744 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 0 91 theme gel 50:52 arg1 development 16:26 development 16:26 development 16:26 Formulation and development of ophthalmic in situ gel for the treatment ocular inflammation and infection using application of quality by design concept. 26716613 0 91 theme gel 50:52 arg1 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation and development of ophthalmic in situ gel for the treatment ocular inflammation and infection using application of quality by design concept. 26716613 1 92 theme poor 316:319 arg1 bioavailability 328:342 poor ocular bioavailability 316:342 poor ocular bioavailability 316:342 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 0 93 dep in 42:43 arg1 situ 45:48 situ 45:48 situ 45:48 Formulation and development of ophthalmic in situ gel for the treatment ocular inflammation and infection using application of quality by design concept. 26716613 9 94 theme infections 1735:1744 arg1 treatment 1699:1707 the treatment 1695:1707 the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration 1695:1851 CONCLUSION According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 26716613 8 95 theme drug 1486:1489 arg1 release 1491:1497 the sustained drug release 1472:1497 the sustained drug release 1472:1497 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 7 96 theme DISCUSSION 1199:1208 arg1 batch 1220:1224 DISCUSSION Optimized batch 1199:1224 DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M 1199:1280 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 7 96 theme DISCUSSION 1199:1208 arg1 * 1228:1228 F* 1227:1228 F* 1227:1228 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. 26716613 1 97 theme residence 240:248 arg1 time 250:253 short pre-corneal residence time 222:253 short pre-corneal residence time 222:253 CONTEXT The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability. 26716613 8 98 theme corneal 1510:1516 arg1 penetration 1518:1528 better corneal penetration 1503:1528 better corneal penetration 1503:1528 Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption. 26716613 2 99 theme study 371:375 arg1 aim 359:361 The aim 355:361 The aim of this study 355:375 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. 25769043 5 0 from presence 860:867 arg1 beads 927:931 the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads 884:931 the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium 884:961 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 6 1 theme study 1065:1069 arg1 duration 1049:1056 the duration 1045:1056 the duration of the study 1045:1069 Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. 25769043 5 2 theme scanning 817:824 arg1 micrographs 835:845 scanning electron micrographs 817:845 scanning electron micrographs 817:845 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 0 3 from differentiation 11:25 arg1 matrices 83:90 mineralized alginate matrices 62:90 mineralized alginate matrices 62:90 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. 25769043 4 4 theme alginate 590:597 arg1 beads 599:603 alginate beads 590:603 alginate beads 590:603 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 6 5 from Cells 964:968 arg1 types 978:982 both types 973:982 both types of beads 973:991 Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. 25769043 3 6 theme alginate 394:401 arg1 system 412:417 an alginate hydrogel system 391:417 an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment 391:536 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 10 7 theme ALP-modified 1653:1664 arg1 beads 1675:1679 the ALP-modified alginate beads 1649:1679 the ALP-modified alginate beads 1649:1679 Also, the ALP-modified alginate beads showed profound mineralization and thus have the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering. 25769043 5 8 theme beads 781:785 arg1 mineralization 759:772 mineralization 759:772 mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles 759:810 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 9 9 theme osteogenic 1578:1587 arg1 differentiation 1589:1603 osteogenic differentiation 1578:1603 osteogenic differentiation 1578:1603 In conclusion, Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads provide an environment that enhance osteogenic differentiation compared with traditional 2D culture. 25769043 10 10 theme alginate 1666:1673 arg1 beads 1675:1679 the ALP-modified alginate beads 1649:1679 the ALP-modified alginate beads 1649:1679 Also, the ALP-modified alginate beads showed profound mineralization and thus have the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering. 25769043 4 11 with beads 580:584 arg1 ALP 622:624 ALP 622:624 ALP 622:624 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 3 12 theme stem 371:374 arg1 cells 376:380 human mesenchymal stem cells 353:380 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 353:386 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 3 12 theme stem 371:374 arg1 MSC 383:385 MSC 383:385 MSC 383:385 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 7 13 theme traditional 1299:1309 arg1 cultures 1316:1323 traditional cell cultures 1299:1323 traditional cell cultures 1299:1323 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 10 14 contain have 1721:1724 arg2 potential 1730:1738 the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering 1726:1790 the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering 1726:1790 Also, the ALP-modified alginate beads showed profound mineralization and thus have the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering. 25769043 10 14 contain have 1721:1724 arg1 beads 1675:1679 the ALP-modified alginate beads 1649:1679 the ALP-modified alginate beads 1649:1679 Also, the ALP-modified alginate beads showed profound mineralization and thus have the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering. 25769043 4 15 theme polymer/hydroxyapatite 640:661 arg1 scaffold 663:670 a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold 638:670 a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone 638:704 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 5 16 with beads 781:785 arg1 particles 802:810 nanosized particles 792:810 nanosized particles 792:810 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 3 17 theme cells 376:380 arg1 differentiation 334:348 osteogenic differentiation 323:348 osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 323:386 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 5 18 theme electron 826:833 arg1 micrographs 835:845 scanning electron micrographs 817:845 scanning electron micrographs 817:845 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 7 19 from MSC 1292:1294 arg1 cultures 1316:1323 traditional cell cultures 1299:1323 traditional cell cultures 1299:1323 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 2 20 theme bone 292:295 arg1 healing 297:303 bone healing 292:303 bone healing 292:303 Culturing osteogenic cells in such materials will potentially generate biological bone grafts that may even further augment bone healing. 25769043 4 21 from beads 599:603 arg1 embedded 548:555 embedded 548:555 embedded 548:555 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 6 22 theme blue 1127:1130 arg1 assay 1132:1136 alamar blue assay 1120:1136 alamar blue assay 1120:1136 Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. 25769043 3 23 theme human 353:357 arg1 cells 376:380 human mesenchymal stem cells 353:380 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 353:386 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 3 23 theme human 353:357 arg1 MSC 383:385 MSC 383:385 MSC 383:385 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 1 24 theme Mineralized 93:103 arg1 biomaterials 105:116 Mineralized biomaterials 93:116 Mineralized biomaterials 93:116 Mineralized biomaterials are promising for use in bone tissue engineering. 25769043 5 25 theme initial 711:717 arg1 mineralization 728:741 The initial scaffold mineralization 707:741 The initial scaffold mineralization 707:741 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 9 26 theme unmodified 1516:1525 arg1 beads 1536:1540 Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads 1494:1540 Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads 1494:1540 In conclusion, Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads provide an environment that enhance osteogenic differentiation compared with traditional 2D culture. 25769043 0 27 theme Osteogenic 0:9 arg1 differentiation 11:25 Osteogenic differentiation 0:25 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices 0:90 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. 25769043 4 28 theme alginate 571:578 arg1 beads 580:584 unmodified alginate beads 560:584 unmodified alginate beads 560:584 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 5 29 attach presence 860:867 arg2 collagen 872:879 collagen 872:879 collagen 872:879 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 5 29 attach presence 860:867 arg1 beads 927:931 the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads 884:931 the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium 884:961 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 5 30 theme collagen 872:879 arg1 presence 860:867 presence 860:867 presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium 860:961 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 4 31 theme bone 701:704 arg1 composition 686:696 the composition 682:696 the composition of bone 682:704 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 0 32 theme human 30:34 arg1 cells 53:57 human mesenchymal stem cells 30:57 human mesenchymal stem cells 30:57 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. 25769043 4 33 theme unmodified 560:569 arg1 beads 580:584 unmodified alginate beads 560:584 unmodified alginate beads 560:584 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 1 34 from use 136:138 arg1 engineering 155:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 Mineralized biomaterials are promising for use in bone tissue engineering. 25769043 8 35 theme dental 1406:1411 arg1 DMP1 1431:1434 DMP1 1431:1434 DMP1 1431:1434 Furthermore, cells differentiated in beads expressed both sclerostin (SOST) and dental matrix protein-1 (DMP1), markers for late osteoblasts/osteocytes. 25769043 8 35 theme dental 1406:1411 arg1 protein-1 1420:1428 dental matrix protein-1 1406:1428 dental matrix protein-1 (DMP1) 1406:1435 Furthermore, cells differentiated in beads expressed both sclerostin (SOST) and dental matrix protein-1 (DMP1), markers for late osteoblasts/osteocytes. 25769043 5 36 theme mineralized 888:898 arg1 beads 927:931 the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads 884:931 the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium 884:961 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 3 37 theme mesenchymal 359:369 arg1 cells 376:380 human mesenchymal stem cells 353:380 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 353:386 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 3 37 theme mesenchymal 359:369 arg1 MSC 383:385 MSC 383:385 MSC 383:385 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 7 38 from MSC 1139:1141 arg1 beads 1146:1150 beads 1146:1150 beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction 1146:1199 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 2 39 theme such 198:201 arg1 materials 203:211 such materials 198:211 such materials 198:211 Culturing osteogenic cells in such materials will potentially generate biological bone grafts that may even further augment bone healing. 25769043 9 40 theme traditional 1619:1629 arg1 culture 1634:1640 traditional 2D culture 1619:1640 traditional 2D culture 1619:1640 In conclusion, Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads provide an environment that enhance osteogenic differentiation compared with traditional 2D culture. 25769043 1 41 theme tissue 148:153 arg1 engineering 155:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 Mineralized biomaterials are promising for use in bone tissue engineering. 25769043 0 42 theme stem 48:51 arg1 cells 53:57 human mesenchymal stem cells 30:57 human mesenchymal stem cells 30:57 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. 25769043 6 43 theme metabolic 1022:1030 arg1 activity 1032:1039 metabolic activity 1022:1039 metabolic activity 1022:1039 Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. 25769043 7 44 theme osteoblast-specific 1233:1251 arg1 genes 1253:1257 osteoblast-specific genes 1233:1257 osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) 1233:1285 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 5 45 theme unmineralized 904:916 arg1 beads 927:931 the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads 884:931 the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium 884:961 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 5 46 theme osteogenic 945:954 arg1 medium 956:961 osteogenic medium 945:961 osteogenic medium 945:961 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 3 47 theme alkaline 460:467 arg1 phosphatase 469:479 alkaline phosphatase 460:479 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 460:485 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 3 47 theme alkaline 460:467 arg1 ALP 482:484 ALP 482:484 ALP 482:484 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 0 48 theme mesenchymal 36:46 arg1 cells 53:57 human mesenchymal stem cells 30:57 human mesenchymal stem cells 30:57 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. 25769043 4 49 from embedded 548:555 arg1 beads 580:584 unmodified alginate beads 560:584 unmodified alginate beads 560:584 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 4 49 from embedded 548:555 arg1 beads 599:603 alginate beads 590:603 alginate beads 590:603 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 9 50 theme ALP-modified 1499:1510 arg1 beads 1536:1540 Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads 1494:1540 Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads 1494:1540 In conclusion, Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads provide an environment that enhance osteogenic differentiation compared with traditional 2D culture. 25769043 7 51 theme genes 1253:1257 arg1 levels 1223:1228 higher mRNA levels 1211:1228 higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) 1211:1285 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 5 52 theme nanosized 792:800 arg1 particles 802:810 nanosized particles 792:810 nanosized particles 792:810 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 3 53 theme hydrogel 403:410 arg1 system 412:417 an alginate hydrogel system 391:417 an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment 391:536 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 10 54 theme profound 1688:1695 arg1 mineralization 1697:1710 profound mineralization 1688:1710 profound mineralization 1688:1710 Also, the ALP-modified alginate beads showed profound mineralization and thus have the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering. 25769043 6 55 dep sustained 993:1001 arg1 days 1075:1078 21 days 1072:1078 21 days 1072:1078 Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. 25769043 2 56 theme osteogenic 178:187 arg1 cells 189:193 osteogenic cells 178:193 osteogenic cells 178:193 Culturing osteogenic cells in such materials will potentially generate biological bone grafts that may even further augment bone healing. 25769043 2 57 theme bone 250:253 arg1 grafts 255:260 biological bone grafts 239:260 biological bone grafts that may even further augment bone healing 239:303 Culturing osteogenic cells in such materials will potentially generate biological bone grafts that may even further augment bone healing. 25769043 3 58 theme gradual 491:497 arg1 mineralization 499:512 gradual mineralization 491:512 gradual mineralization of the microenvironment 491:536 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 0 59 theme cells 53:57 arg1 differentiation 11:25 Osteogenic differentiation 0:25 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices 0:90 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. 25769043 6 60 theme high 1003:1006 arg1 viability 1008:1016 high viability 1003:1016 high viability 1003:1016 Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. 25769043 3 61 theme osteogenic 323:332 arg1 differentiation 334:348 osteogenic differentiation 323:348 osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 323:386 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 2 62 theme biological 239:248 arg1 grafts 255:260 biological bone grafts 239:260 biological bone grafts that may even further augment bone healing 239:303 Culturing osteogenic cells in such materials will potentially generate biological bone grafts that may even further augment bone healing. 25769043 7 63 theme cell 1311:1314 arg1 cultures 1316:1323 traditional cell cultures 1299:1323 traditional cell cultures 1299:1323 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 8 64 theme late 1450:1453 arg1 osteoblasts/osteocytes 1455:1476 late osteoblasts/osteocytes 1450:1476 late osteoblasts/osteocytes 1450:1476 Furthermore, cells differentiated in beads expressed both sclerostin (SOST) and dental matrix protein-1 (DMP1), markers for late osteoblasts/osteocytes. 25769043 7 65 theme higher 1211:1216 arg1 levels 1223:1228 higher mRNA levels 1211:1228 higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) 1211:1285 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 5 66 theme scaffold 719:726 arg1 mineralization 728:741 The initial scaffold mineralization 707:741 The initial scaffold mineralization 707:741 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 7 67 theme osteogenic 1180:1189 arg1 direction 1191:1199 osteogenic direction 1180:1199 osteogenic direction 1180:1199 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 8 68 theme matrix 1413:1418 arg1 DMP1 1431:1434 DMP1 1431:1434 DMP1 1431:1434 Furthermore, cells differentiated in beads expressed both sclerostin (SOST) and dental matrix protein-1 (DMP1), markers for late osteoblasts/osteocytes. 25769043 8 68 theme matrix 1413:1418 arg1 protein-1 1420:1428 dental matrix protein-1 1406:1428 dental matrix protein-1 (DMP1) 1406:1435 Furthermore, cells differentiated in beads expressed both sclerostin (SOST) and dental matrix protein-1 (DMP1), markers for late osteoblasts/osteocytes. 25769043 9 69 theme alginate 1527:1534 arg1 beads 1536:1540 Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads 1494:1540 Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads 1494:1540 In conclusion, Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads provide an environment that enhance osteogenic differentiation compared with traditional 2D culture. 25769043 9 70 theme 2D 1631:1632 arg1 culture 1634:1640 traditional 2D culture 1619:1640 traditional 2D culture 1619:1640 In conclusion, Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads provide an environment that enhance osteogenic differentiation compared with traditional 2D culture. 25769043 7 71 dep genes 1253:1257 arg1 COL1AI 1267:1272 COL1AI 1267:1272 COL1AI 1267:1272 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 7 71 dep genes 1253:1257 arg1 RUNX2 1260:1264 RUNX2 1260:1264 RUNX2 1260:1264 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 7 71 dep genes 1253:1257 arg1 BGLAP 1280:1284 BGLAP 1280:1284 BGLAP 1280:1284 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 7 71 dep genes 1253:1257 arg1 SP7 1275:1277 SP7 1275:1277 SP7 1275:1277 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 4 72 from beads 580:584 arg1 embedded 548:555 embedded 548:555 embedded 548:555 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 1 73 theme bone 143:146 arg1 engineering 155:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 bone tissue engineering 143:165 Mineralized biomaterials are promising for use in bone tissue engineering. 25769043 0 74 theme alginate 74:81 arg1 matrices 83:90 mineralized alginate matrices 62:90 mineralized alginate matrices 62:90 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. 25769043 5 75 theme alginate 918:925 arg1 beads 927:931 the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads 884:931 the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium 884:961 The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. 25769043 4 76 with beads 599:603 arg1 ALP 622:624 ALP 622:624 ALP 622:624 MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. 25769043 6 77 theme live/dead 1097:1105 arg1 staining 1107:1114 live/dead staining 1097:1114 live/dead staining 1097:1114 Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. 25769043 3 78 theme microenvironment 521:536 arg1 mineralization 499:512 gradual mineralization 491:512 gradual mineralization of the microenvironment 491:536 Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. 25769043 6 79 theme alamar 1120:1125 arg1 assay 1132:1136 alamar blue assay 1120:1136 alamar blue assay 1120:1136 Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. 25769043 0 80 theme mineralized 62:72 arg1 matrices 83:90 mineralized alginate matrices 62:90 mineralized alginate matrices 62:90 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. 25769043 6 81 theme beads 987:991 arg1 types 978:982 both types 973:982 both types of beads 973:991 Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. 25769043 7 82 theme mRNA 1218:1221 arg1 levels 1223:1228 higher mRNA levels 1211:1228 higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) 1211:1285 MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. 25769043 10 83 dep bone 1754:1757 arg1 substitute 1759:1768 substitute 1759:1768 substitute in tissue engineering 1759:1790 Also, the ALP-modified alginate beads showed profound mineralization and thus have the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering. 25769043 10 84 theme tissue 1773:1778 arg1 engineering 1780:1790 tissue engineering 1773:1790 tissue engineering 1773:1790 Also, the ALP-modified alginate beads showed profound mineralization and thus have the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering. 25052400 15 0 theme = 1607:1607 arg1 T 1623:1623 T 1623:1623 T 1623:1623 The type strain is 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)). 25052400 15 0 theme = 1607:1607 arg1 1.12512 1615:1621 = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512 1592:1621 = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T) 1592:1624 The type strain is 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)). 25052400 15 0 theme = 1607:1607 arg1 0704C9-2 1578:1585 0704C9-2 1578:1585 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)) 1578:1625 The type strain is 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)). 25052400 6 1 theme M. 789:790 arg1 DSM 802:804 M. testaceum DSM 20166 789:810 M. testaceum DSM 20166(T) 789:813 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 6 1 theme M. 789:790 arg1 T 812:812 T 812:812 T 812:812 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 6 1 theme M. 789:790 arg1 relative 779:786 its closest relative 767:786 its closest relative 767:786 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 12 2 theme polar 1232:1236 arg1 lipids 1238:1243 The major polar lipids 1222:1243 The major polar lipids 1222:1243 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. 25052400 12 2 theme polar 1232:1236 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1250:1271 diphosphatidylglycerol 1250:1271 diphosphatidylglycerol 1250:1271 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. 25052400 6 3 theme low 827:829 arg1 value 845:849 a low reassociation value 825:849 a low reassociation value of 42.9% 825:858 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 6 4 theme closest 771:777 arg1 DSM 802:804 M. testaceum DSM 20166 789:810 M. testaceum DSM 20166(T) 789:813 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 6 4 theme closest 771:777 arg1 relative 779:786 its closest relative 767:786 its closest relative 767:786 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 4 5 theme rRNA 498:501 arg1 similarity 517:526 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 486:526 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 486:526 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 25052400 15 6 theme CGMCC 1609:1613 arg1 T 1623:1623 T 1623:1623 T 1623:1623 The type strain is 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)). 25052400 15 6 theme CGMCC 1609:1613 arg1 1.12512 1615:1621 = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512 1592:1621 = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T) 1592:1624 The type strain is 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)). 25052400 15 6 theme CGMCC 1609:1613 arg1 0704C9-2 1578:1585 0704C9-2 1578:1585 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)) 1578:1625 The type strain is 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)). 25052400 13 7 theme Microbacterium 1508:1521 arg1 sp 1537:1538 the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp 1499:1538 the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp 1499:1538 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 13 8 dep data 1404:1407 arg1 basis 1356:1360 basis 1356:1360 basis 1356:1360 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 13 8 dep data 1404:1407 arg1 the 1352:1354 the 1352:1354 the 1352:1354 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 13 9 theme novel 1442:1446 arg1 species 1448:1454 a novel species 1440:1454 a novel species 1440:1454 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 4 10 theme 16S 494:496 arg1 similarity 517:526 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 486:526 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 486:526 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 25052400 3 11 dep % 268:268 arg1 w/v 271:273 w/v 271:273 w/v 271:273 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 2 12 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 non-motile 127:136 non-motile 127:136 non-motile 127:136 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 2 12 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 aerobic 118:124 aerobic 118:124 aerobic 118:124 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 2 12 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 rod-shaped 139:148 rod-shaped 139:148 rod-shaped 139:148 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 13 13 theme hydrothermale 1523:1535 arg1 sp 1537:1538 the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp 1499:1538 the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp 1499:1538 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 3 14 theme genus 451:455 arg1 Microbacterium 457:470 the genus Microbacterium 447:470 the genus Microbacterium 447:470 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 13 15 theme strain 1410:1415 arg1 T 1426:1426 T 1426:1426 T 1426:1426 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 13 15 theme strain 1410:1415 arg1 0704C9-2 1417:1424 strain 0704C9-2 1410:1424 strain 0704C9-2(T) 1410:1427 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 4 16 theme sequence 508:515 arg1 similarity 517:526 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 486:526 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 486:526 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 25052400 3 17 theme optimal 303:309 arg1 growth 311:316 optimal growth 303:316 optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl 303:339 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 2 18 theme strain 161:166 arg1 T 177:177 T 177:177 T 177:177 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 2 18 theme strain 161:166 arg1 bacterium 150:158 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 95:158 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 95:158 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 2 18 theme strain 161:166 arg1 0704C9-2 168:175 strain 0704C9-2 161:175 strain 0704C9-2(T) 161:178 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 4 19 theme gene 503:506 arg1 similarity 517:526 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 486:526 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 486:526 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 25052400 12 20 theme major 1226:1230 arg1 lipids 1238:1243 The major polar lipids 1222:1243 The major polar lipids 1222:1243 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. 25052400 12 20 theme major 1226:1230 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1250:1271 diphosphatidylglycerol 1250:1271 diphosphatidylglycerol 1250:1271 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. 25052400 9 21 theme major 1002:1006 arg1 sugars 1019:1024 The major whole-cell sugars 998:1024 The major whole-cell sugars 998:1024 The major whole-cell sugars were mannose, galactose, rhamnose and glucose. 25052400 9 21 theme major 1002:1006 arg1 mannose 1031:1037 mannose 1031:1037 mannose 1031:1037 The major whole-cell sugars were mannose, galactose, rhamnose and glucose. 25052400 1 22 theme hydrothermal 72:83 arg1 sediment 85:92 hydrothermal sediment 72:92 hydrothermal sediment 72:92 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from hydrothermal sediment. 25052400 10 23 theme fatty 1092:1096 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1109:1121 anteiso-C15:0 1109:1121 anteiso-C15:0 1109:1121 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25052400 10 23 theme fatty 1092:1096 arg1 acids 1098:1102 The major cellular fatty acids 1073:1102 The major cellular fatty acids 1073:1102 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25052400 2 24 attach isolated 185:192 arg2 0704C9-2 168:175 strain 0704C9-2 161:175 strain 0704C9-2(T) 161:178 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 2 24 attach isolated 185:192 arg2 bacterium 150:158 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 95:158 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 95:158 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 2 24 attach isolated 185:192 arg1 sediment 212:219 hydrothermal sediment 199:219 hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean 199:239 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 5 25 theme other 630:634 arg1 species 647:653 all other recognized species 626:653 all other recognized species 626:653 Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium were less than 98.0%. 25052400 7 26 theme mol 912:914 arg1 content 873:879 The DNA G+C content 861:879 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) 861:901 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) was 73.3 mol%. 25052400 7 26 theme mol 912:914 arg1 % 915:915 73.3 mol% 907:915 73.3 mol% 907:915 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) was 73.3 mol%. 25052400 9 27 theme whole-cell 1008:1017 arg1 sugars 1019:1024 The major whole-cell sugars 998:1024 The major whole-cell sugars 998:1024 The major whole-cell sugars were mannose, galactose, rhamnose and glucose. 25052400 9 27 theme whole-cell 1008:1017 arg1 mannose 1031:1037 mannose 1031:1037 mannose 1031:1037 The major whole-cell sugars were mannose, galactose, rhamnose and glucose. 25052400 10 28 theme cellular 1083:1090 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1109:1121 anteiso-C15:0 1109:1121 anteiso-C15:0 1109:1121 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25052400 10 28 theme cellular 1083:1090 arg1 acids 1098:1102 The major cellular fatty acids 1073:1102 The major cellular fatty acids 1073:1102 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25052400 3 29 theme 16S 370:372 arg1 analysis 393:400 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:400 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:400 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 13 30 theme genotypic 1394:1402 arg1 data 1404:1407 phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1365:1407 phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1365:1407 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 10 31 theme major 1077:1081 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1109:1121 anteiso-C15:0 1109:1121 anteiso-C15:0 1109:1121 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25052400 10 31 theme major 1077:1081 arg1 acids 1098:1102 The major cellular fatty acids 1073:1102 The major cellular fatty acids 1073:1102 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25052400 3 32 theme 1 333:333 arg1 % 334:334 % 334:334 % 334:334 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 6 33 with experiments 727:737 arg1 0704C9-2 751:758 strain 0704C9-2 744:758 strain 0704C9-2(T) 744:761 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 6 33 with experiments 727:737 arg1 DSM 802:804 M. testaceum DSM 20166 789:810 M. testaceum DSM 20166(T) 789:813 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 6 33 with experiments 727:737 arg1 relative 779:786 its closest relative 767:786 its closest relative 767:786 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 6 33 with experiments 727:737 arg1 T 760:760 T 760:760 T 760:760 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 1 34 attach isolated 58:65 arg2 actinobacterium 42:56 an actinobacterium 39:56 an actinobacterium isolated from hydrothermal sediment 39:92 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from hydrothermal sediment. 25052400 1 34 attach isolated 58:65 arg1 sediment 85:92 hydrothermal sediment 72:92 hydrothermal sediment 72:92 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from hydrothermal sediment. 25052400 5 35 theme similarity 590:599 arg1 Levels 580:585 Levels 580:585 Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium 580:681 Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium were less than 98.0%. 25052400 13 36 theme phenotypic 1365:1374 arg1 data 1404:1407 phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1365:1407 phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1365:1407 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 3 37 theme sequence 384:391 arg1 analysis 393:400 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:400 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:400 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 4 38 theme highest 486:492 arg1 similarity 517:526 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 486:526 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 486:526 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 25052400 3 39 theme 0-5 265:267 arg1 % 268:268 % 268:268 % 268:268 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 12 40 theme unknown 1327:1333 arg1 phospholipid 1335:1346 an unknown phospholipid 1324:1346 an unknown phospholipid 1324:1346 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. 25052400 8 41 contain contained 946:954 arg1 peptidoglycan 932:944 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 918:944 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 918:944 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine and the acyl type was glycolyl. 25052400 8 41 contain contained 946:954 arg2 ornithine 956:964 ornithine 956:964 ornithine 956:964 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine and the acyl type was glycolyl. 25052400 8 42 theme acyl 974:977 arg1 glycolyl 988:995 glycolyl 988:995 glycolyl 988:995 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine and the acyl type was glycolyl. 25052400 8 42 theme acyl 974:977 arg1 type 979:982 the acyl type 970:982 the acyl type 970:982 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine and the acyl type was glycolyl. 25052400 1 43 dep actinobacterium 42:56 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from hydrothermal sediment. 25052400 5 44 theme genus 662:666 arg1 Microbacterium 668:681 the genus Microbacterium 658:681 the genus Microbacterium 658:681 Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium were less than 98.0%. 25052400 7 45 theme strain 884:889 arg1 0704C9-2 891:898 strain 0704C9-2 884:898 strain 0704C9-2(T) 884:901 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) was 73.3 mol%. 25052400 7 45 theme strain 884:889 arg1 T 900:900 T 900:900 T 900:900 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) was 73.3 mol%. 25052400 5 46 with similarity 590:599 arg1 strains 615:621 the type strains 606:621 the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium 606:681 Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium were less than 98.0%. 25052400 3 47 with °C 294:295 arg1 growth 311:316 optimal growth 303:316 optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl 303:339 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 3 48 theme rRNA 374:377 arg1 analysis 393:400 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:400 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:400 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 3 49 theme Comparative 358:368 arg1 analysis 393:400 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:400 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:400 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 5 50 theme type 610:613 arg1 strains 615:621 the type strains 606:621 the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium 606:681 Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium were less than 98.0%. 25052400 3 51 dep °C. 354:356 arg1 revealed 402:409 revealed 402:409 revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium 402:470 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 15 52 theme type 1563:1566 arg1 0704C9-2 1578:1585 0704C9-2 1578:1585 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)) 1578:1625 The type strain is 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)). 25052400 15 52 theme type 1563:1566 arg1 strain 1568:1573 The type strain 1559:1573 The type strain 1559:1573 The type strain is 0704C9-2(T) ( = LMG 27542(T) = CGMCC 1.12512(T)). 25052400 3 53 theme gene 379:382 arg1 analysis 393:400 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:400 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:400 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 3 54 theme % 334:334 arg1 NaCl 336:339 1% NaCl 333:339 1% NaCl 333:339 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 2 55 theme Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 bacterium 150:158 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 95:158 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 95:158 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 2 55 theme Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 0704C9-2 168:175 strain 0704C9-2 161:175 strain 0704C9-2(T) 161:178 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 13 56 theme name 1503:1506 arg1 sp 1537:1538 the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp 1499:1538 the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp 1499:1538 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 6 57 theme strain 744:749 arg1 0704C9-2 751:758 strain 0704C9-2 744:758 strain 0704C9-2(T) 744:761 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 6 57 theme strain 744:749 arg1 T 760:760 T 760:760 T 760:760 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 13 58 theme phylogenetic 1377:1388 arg1 data 1404:1407 phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1365:1407 phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1365:1407 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 7 59 theme DNA 865:867 arg1 content 873:879 The DNA G+C content 861:879 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) 861:901 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) was 73.3 mol%. 25052400 7 59 theme DNA 865:867 arg1 % 915:915 73.3 mol% 907:915 73.3 mol% 907:915 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) was 73.3 mol%. 25052400 3 60 theme strain 416:421 arg1 T 432:432 T 432:432 T 432:432 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 3 60 theme strain 416:421 arg1 0704C9-2 423:430 strain 0704C9-2 416:430 strain 0704C9-2(T) 416:433 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 7 61 theme 0704C9-2 891:898 arg1 content 873:879 The DNA G+C content 861:879 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) 861:901 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) was 73.3 mol%. 25052400 7 61 theme 0704C9-2 891:898 arg1 % 915:915 73.3 mol% 907:915 73.3 mol% 907:915 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) was 73.3 mol%. 25052400 13 62 theme genus 1467:1471 arg1 Microbacterium 1473:1486 the genus Microbacterium 1463:1486 the genus Microbacterium 1463:1486 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. 25052400 12 63 theme unknown 1300:1306 arg1 glycolipids 1308:1318 two unknown glycolipids 1296:1318 two unknown glycolipids 1296:1318 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. 25052400 2 64 theme hydrothermal 199:210 arg1 sediment 212:219 hydrothermal sediment 199:219 hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean 199:239 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 6 65 theme % 858:858 arg1 value 845:849 a low reassociation value 825:849 a low reassociation value of 42.9% 825:858 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 3 66 theme % 268:268 arg1 NaCl 276:279 0-5% (w/v) NaCl 265:279 0-5% (w/v) NaCl 265:279 The organism grew with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1% NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. 25052400 11 67 theme predominant 1168:1178 arg1 MK-11 1198:1202 MK-11 1198:1202 MK-11 1198:1202 The predominant menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-12. 25052400 11 67 theme predominant 1168:1178 arg1 menaquinones 1180:1191 The predominant menaquinones 1164:1191 The predominant menaquinones 1164:1191 The predominant menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-12. 25052400 6 68 theme reassociation 831:843 arg1 value 845:849 a low reassociation value 825:849 a low reassociation value of 42.9% 825:858 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 7 69 theme G+C 869:871 arg1 content 873:879 The DNA G+C content 861:879 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) 861:901 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) was 73.3 mol%. 25052400 7 69 theme G+C 869:871 arg1 % 915:915 73.3 mol% 907:915 73.3 mol% 907:915 The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2(T) was 73.3 mol%. 25052400 6 70 theme hybridization 713:725 arg1 experiments 727:737 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 705:737 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), 705:814 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 8 71 theme cell-wall 922:930 arg1 peptidoglycan 932:944 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 918:944 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 918:944 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine and the acyl type was glycolyl. 25052400 5 72 theme recognized 636:645 arg1 species 647:653 all other recognized species 626:653 all other recognized species 626:653 Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium were less than 98.0%. 25052400 6 73 theme DNA-DNA 705:711 arg1 experiments 727:737 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 705:737 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), 705:814 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 2 74 theme Ocean 235:239 arg1 sediment 212:219 hydrothermal sediment 199:219 hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean 199:239 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2(T), was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. 25052400 4 75 theme testaceum 548:556 arg1 DSM 558:560 Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166 533:566 Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%) 533:577 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 25052400 4 75 theme testaceum 548:556 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 25052400 4 75 theme testaceum 548:556 arg1 % 576:576 98.4% 572:576 98.4% 572:576 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 25052400 5 76 theme species 647:653 arg1 strains 615:621 the type strains 606:621 the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium 606:681 Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium were less than 98.0%. 25052400 6 77 theme testaceum 792:800 arg1 DSM 802:804 M. testaceum DSM 20166 789:810 M. testaceum DSM 20166(T) 789:813 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 6 77 theme testaceum 792:800 arg1 T 812:812 T 812:812 T 812:812 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 6 77 theme testaceum 792:800 arg1 relative 779:786 its closest relative 767:786 its closest relative 767:786 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2(T) and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166(T), revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9%. 25052400 5 78 theme Microbacterium 668:681 arg1 strains 615:621 the type strains 606:621 the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium 606:681 Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium were less than 98.0%. 25052400 4 79 theme Microbacterium 533:546 arg1 DSM 558:560 Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166 533:566 Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%) 533:577 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 25052400 4 79 theme Microbacterium 533:546 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 25052400 4 79 theme Microbacterium 533:546 arg1 % 576:576 98.4% 572:576 98.4% 572:576 It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166(T) (98.4%). 24441645 2 0 from changes 403:409 arg1 diet 425:428 diet 425:428 diet 425:428 BACKGROUND While an association has been established between low income and poor diet using cross-sectional data, such analysis cannot account for confounding by unobserved characteristics correlated with income and diet, and changes in income and diet cannot be tracked over time. 24441645 2 0 from changes 403:409 arg1 income 414:419 income 414:419 income 414:419 BACKGROUND While an association has been established between low income and poor diet using cross-sectional data, such analysis cannot account for confounding by unobserved characteristics correlated with income and diet, and changes in income and diet cannot be tracked over time. 24441645 12 1 theme subjective 2122:2131 arg1 income 2133:2138 subjective income 2122:2138 subjective income 2122:2138 Additionally, deterioration in subjective income predicted less healthy diets for children. 24441645 11 2 from CONCLUSIONS 1950:1960 arg1 Scotland 1993:2000 Scotland 1993:2000 Scotland 1993:2000 CONCLUSIONS The diets of young children in Scotland deteriorated between the ages of 2 and 5 years across the entire socioeconomic spectrum. 24441645 3 3 theme longitudinal 477:488 arg1 data 496:499 longitudinal panel data 477:499 longitudinal panel data 477:499 This paper, using longitudinal panel data, explores whether falls in objective and subjective family income predict deterioration in children's diets over time. 24441645 6 4 theme maternal 871:878 arg1 recall 880:885 maternal recall 871:885 maternal recall 871:885 Dietary data were collected using maternal recall at sweeps 2 and 5 when the children were aged 22 and 58 months, respectively. 24441645 10 5 dep CI 1890:1891 arg1 to 1898:1899 to 1898:1899 to 1898:1899 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 9 6 attach linked 1507:1512 arg1 chance 1527:1532 a smaller chance 1517:1532 a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82) 1517:1611 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 6 attach linked 1507:1512 arg2 RESULTS 1235:1241 RESULTS 1235:1241 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band 1235:1501 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 10 7 theme % 1797:1797 arg1 time 1780:1783 time 1780:1783 time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85) 1780:1814 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 10 7 theme % 1797:1797 arg1 CI 1799:1800 OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85 1786:1813 CI 1799:1800 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 10 8 theme living 1645:1650 arg1 finding 1674:1680 'living very comfortably' to 'finding 1644:1680 'living very comfortably' to 'finding 1644:1680 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 9 9 theme maternal 1375:1382 arg1 employment 1384:1393 maternal employment 1375:1393 maternal employment 1375:1393 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 9 theme maternal 1375:1382 arg1 fussiness 1301:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 10 10 theme sweets 1911:1916 arg1 consumption 1854:1864 consumption 1854:1864 consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20) 1854:1947 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 2 11 theme poor 253:256 arg1 diet 258:261 poor diet 253:261 poor diet 253:261 BACKGROUND While an association has been established between low income and poor diet using cross-sectional data, such analysis cannot account for confounding by unobserved characteristics correlated with income and diet, and changes in income and diet cannot be tracked over time. 24441645 1 12 theme fixed 153:157 arg1 effects 159:165 fixed effects 153:165 fixed effects 153:165 Unique insights using a longitudinal cohort study and fixed effects analysis. 24441645 9 13 theme % 1594:1594 arg1 months 1575:1580 22 to 58 months 1566:1580 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82) 1566:1611 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 13 theme % 1594:1594 arg1 CI 1596:1597 OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82 1583:1610 CI 1596:1597 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 8 14 theme fixed 1185:1189 arg1 models 1227:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 The dietary variables were ordinal and were analysed using multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models. 24441645 2 15 theme such 291:294 arg1 analysis 296:303 such analysis 291:303 such analysis 291:303 BACKGROUND While an association has been established between low income and poor diet using cross-sectional data, such analysis cannot account for confounding by unobserved characteristics correlated with income and diet, and changes in income and diet cannot be tracked over time. 24441645 8 16 theme ordinal 1199:1205 arg1 models 1227:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 The dietary variables were ordinal and were analysed using multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models. 24441645 10 17 theme comfortably 1657:1667 arg1 finding 1674:1680 'living very comfortably' to 'finding 1644:1680 'living very comfortably' to 'finding 1644:1680 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 8 18 theme regression 1216:1225 arg1 models 1227:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 The dietary variables were ordinal and were analysed using multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models. 24441645 9 19 dep 58 1572:1573 arg1 to 1569:1570 to 1569:1570 to 1569:1570 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 5 20 theme independent 781:791 arg1 variables 805:813 all dependent, independent and control variables 766:813 all dependent, independent and control variables for both time points 766:834 3279 families have valid data on all dependent, independent and control variables for both time points. 24441645 4 21 theme birth 690:694 arg1 study 703:707 the nationally representative birth cohort study 660:707 the nationally representative birth cohort study 660:707 METHODS This paper uses panel data from the nationally representative birth cohort study Growing Up in Scotland. 24441645 1 22 theme Unique 99:104 arg1 insights 106:113 Unique insights 99:113 Unique insights 99:113 Unique insights using a longitudinal cohort study and fixed effects analysis. 24441645 9 23 from months 1575:1580 arg1 chance 1527:1532 a smaller chance 1517:1532 a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82) 1517:1611 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 23 from months 1575:1580 arg1 variety 1553:1559 increased fruit variety 1537:1559 increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82) 1537:1611 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 11 24 theme young 1975:1979 arg1 children 1981:1988 young children 1975:1988 young children 1975:1988 CONCLUSIONS The diets of young children in Scotland deteriorated between the ages of 2 and 5 years across the entire socioeconomic spectrum. 24441645 1 25 theme longitudinal 123:134 arg1 study 143:147 a longitudinal cohort study 121:147 a longitudinal cohort study 121:147 Unique insights using a longitudinal cohort study and fixed effects analysis. 24441645 3 26 from falls 519:523 arg1 income 560:565 objective and subjective family income 528:565 objective and subjective family income 528:565 This paper, using longitudinal panel data, explores whether falls in objective and subjective family income predict deterioration in children's diets over time. 24441645 9 27 theme income 1491:1496 arg1 band 1498:1501 the lowest income band 1480:1501 the lowest income band 1480:1501 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 10 28 dep CI 1799:1800 arg1 to 1807:1808 to 1807:1808 to 1807:1808 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 5 29 theme valid 752:756 arg1 data 758:761 valid data 752:761 valid data 752:761 3279 families have valid data on all dependent, independent and control variables for both time points. 24441645 7 30 theme drinks 1105:1110 arg1 consumption 1007:1017 consumption 1007:1017 consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks 1007:1110 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 9 31 theme food 1296:1299 arg1 education 1344:1352 maternal education 1335:1352 maternal education 1335:1352 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 31 theme food 1296:1299 arg1 composition 1362:1372 family composition 1355:1372 family composition 1355:1372 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 31 theme food 1296:1299 arg1 employment 1384:1393 maternal employment 1375:1393 maternal employment 1375:1393 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 31 theme food 1296:1299 arg1 fussiness 1301:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 31 theme food 1296:1299 arg1 class 1328:1332 maternal social class 1312:1332 maternal social class 1312:1332 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 6 32 theme Dietary 837:843 arg1 data 845:848 Dietary data 837:848 Dietary data 837:848 Dietary data were collected using maternal recall at sweeps 2 and 5 when the children were aged 22 and 58 months, respectively. 24441645 9 33 theme smaller 1519:1525 arg1 chance 1527:1532 a smaller chance 1517:1532 a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82) 1517:1611 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 34 from chance 1527:1532 arg1 months 1575:1580 22 to 58 months 1566:1580 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82) 1566:1611 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 34 from chance 1527:1532 arg1 CI 1596:1597 OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82 1583:1610 CI 1596:1597 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 35 dep CI 1596:1597 arg1 to 1604:1605 to 1604:1605 to 1604:1605 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 10 36 theme current 1712:1718 arg1 income 1720:1725 current income 1712:1725 current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20) 1712:1947 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 0 37 theme family 39:44 arg1 income 46:51 objective and subjective family income 14:51 objective and subjective family income 14:51 Do changes in objective and subjective family income predict change in children's diets over time? 24441645 9 38 theme social 1321:1326 arg1 fussiness 1301:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 38 theme social 1321:1326 arg1 class 1328:1332 maternal social class 1312:1332 maternal social class 1312:1332 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 39 theme fruit 1547:1551 arg1 variety 1553:1559 increased fruit variety 1537:1559 increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82) 1537:1611 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 10 40 theme % 1888:1888 arg1 crisps 1869:1874 crisps 1869:1874 crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) 1869:1905 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 10 40 theme % 1888:1888 arg1 CI 1890:1891 OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94 1877:1904 CI 1890:1891 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 10 41 theme fewer 1753:1757 arg1 varieties 1765:1773 fewer fruit varieties 1753:1773 fewer fruit varieties 1753:1773 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 12 42 from deterioration 2105:2117 arg1 income 2133:2138 subjective income 2122:2138 subjective income 2122:2138 Additionally, deterioration in subjective income predicted less healthy diets for children. 24441645 9 43 dep family 1404:1409 arg1 characteristics 1436:1450 time-invariant characteristics 1421:1450 time-invariant characteristics 1421:1450 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 3 44 theme panel 490:494 arg1 data 496:499 longitudinal panel data 477:499 longitudinal panel data 477:499 This paper, using longitudinal panel data, explores whether falls in objective and subjective family income predict deterioration in children's diets over time. 24441645 2 45 theme unobserved 339:348 arg1 characteristics 350:364 unobserved characteristics 339:364 unobserved characteristics correlated with income and diet 339:396 BACKGROUND While an association has been established between low income and poor diet using cross-sectional data, such analysis cannot account for confounding by unobserved characteristics correlated with income and diet, and changes in income and diet cannot be tracked over time. 24441645 9 46 theme family 1355:1360 arg1 composition 1362:1372 family composition 1355:1372 family composition 1355:1372 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 46 theme family 1355:1360 arg1 fussiness 1301:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 2 47 theme cross-sectional 269:283 arg1 data 285:288 cross-sectional data 269:288 cross-sectional data 269:288 BACKGROUND While an association has been established between low income and poor diet using cross-sectional data, such analysis cannot account for confounding by unobserved characteristics correlated with income and diet, and changes in income and diet cannot be tracked over time. 24441645 7 48 theme fruit 1034:1038 arg1 consumption 1007:1017 consumption 1007:1017 consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks 1007:1110 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 4 49 theme panel 644:648 arg1 data 650:653 panel data 644:653 panel data from the nationally representative birth cohort study 644:707 METHODS This paper uses panel data from the nationally representative birth cohort study Growing Up in Scotland. 24441645 5 50 theme time 824:827 arg1 points 829:834 both time points 819:834 both time points 819:834 3279 families have valid data on all dependent, independent and control variables for both time points. 24441645 11 51 theme years 2043:2047 arg1 ages 2027:2030 the ages 2023:2030 the ages of 2 and 5 years 2023:2047 CONCLUSIONS The diets of young children in Scotland deteriorated between the ages of 2 and 5 years across the entire socioeconomic spectrum. 24441645 7 52 theme vegetables 1022:1031 arg1 consumption 1007:1017 consumption 1007:1017 consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks 1007:1110 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 10 53 theme % 1930:1930 arg1 sweets 1911:1916 sweets 1911:1916 sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20) 1911:1947 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 10 53 theme % 1930:1930 arg1 CI 1932:1933 OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20 1919:1946 CI 1932:1933 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 8 54 theme multivariate 1172:1183 arg1 models 1227:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 The dietary variables were ordinal and were analysed using multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models. 24441645 7 55 theme consumption 1007:1017 arg1 consumption 1007:1017 consumption 1007:1017 consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks 1007:1110 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 7 55 theme consumption 1007:1017 arg1 variety 996:1002 children's variety 985:1002 children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks 985:1110 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 5 56 theme control 797:803 arg1 variables 805:813 all dependent, independent and control variables 766:813 all dependent, independent and control variables for both time points 766:834 3279 families have valid data on all dependent, independent and control variables for both time points. 24441645 3 57 theme subjective 542:551 arg1 income 560:565 objective and subjective family income 528:565 objective and subjective family income 528:565 This paper, using longitudinal panel data, explores whether falls in objective and subjective family income predict deterioration in children's diets over time. 24441645 10 58 dep finding 1674:1680 arg1 to 1670:1671 to 1670:1671 to 1670:1671 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 11 59 theme socioeconomic 2067:2079 arg1 spectrum 2081:2088 the entire socioeconomic spectrum 2056:2088 the entire socioeconomic spectrum 2056:2088 CONCLUSIONS The diets of young children in Scotland deteriorated between the ages of 2 and 5 years across the entire socioeconomic spectrum. 24441645 8 60 theme logistic 1207:1214 arg1 models 1227:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 The dietary variables were ordinal and were analysed using multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models. 24441645 3 61 theme family 553:558 arg1 income 560:565 objective and subjective family income 528:565 objective and subjective family income 528:565 This paper, using longitudinal panel data, explores whether falls in objective and subjective family income predict deterioration in children's diets over time. 24441645 4 62 theme representative 675:688 arg1 study 703:707 the nationally representative birth cohort study 660:707 the nationally representative birth cohort study 660:707 METHODS This paper uses panel data from the nationally representative birth cohort study Growing Up in Scotland. 24441645 7 63 theme sweets 1087:1092 arg1 consumption 1007:1017 consumption 1007:1017 consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks 1007:1110 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 0 64 theme subjective 28:37 arg1 income 46:51 objective and subjective family income 14:51 objective and subjective family income 14:51 Do changes in objective and subjective family income predict change in children's diets over time? 24441645 4 65 theme cohort 696:701 arg1 study 703:707 the nationally representative birth cohort study 660:707 the nationally representative birth cohort study 660:707 METHODS This paper uses panel data from the nationally representative birth cohort study Growing Up in Scotland. 24441645 2 66 theme low 238:240 arg1 income 242:247 low income 238:247 low income 238:247 BACKGROUND While an association has been established between low income and poor diet using cross-sectional data, such analysis cannot account for confounding by unobserved characteristics correlated with income and diet, and changes in income and diet cannot be tracked over time. 24441645 11 67 theme children 1981:1988 arg1 diets 1966:1970 The diets 1962:1970 The diets of young children 1962:1988 CONCLUSIONS The diets of young children in Scotland deteriorated between the ages of 2 and 5 years across the entire socioeconomic spectrum. 24441645 5 68 contain have 747:750 arg1 families 738:745 3279 families 733:745 3279 families 733:745 3279 families have valid data on all dependent, independent and control variables for both time points. 24441645 5 68 contain have 747:750 arg2 data 758:761 valid data 752:761 valid data 752:761 3279 families have valid data on all dependent, independent and control variables for both time points. 24441645 8 69 theme dietary 1117:1123 arg1 ordinal 1140:1146 ordinal 1140:1146 ordinal 1140:1146 The dietary variables were ordinal and were analysed using multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models. 24441645 8 69 theme dietary 1117:1123 arg1 variables 1125:1133 The dietary variables 1113:1133 The dietary variables 1113:1133 The dietary variables were ordinal and were analysed using multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models. 24441645 1 70 theme cohort 136:141 arg1 study 143:147 a longitudinal cohort study 121:147 a longitudinal cohort study 121:147 Unique insights using a longitudinal cohort study and fixed effects analysis. 24441645 0 71 from changes 3:9 arg1 income 46:51 objective and subjective family income 14:51 objective and subjective family income 14:51 Do changes in objective and subjective family income predict change in children's diets over time? 24441645 10 72 theme crisps 1869:1874 arg1 consumption 1854:1864 consumption 1854:1864 consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20) 1854:1947 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 9 73 theme lowest 1484:1489 arg1 band 1498:1501 the lowest income band 1480:1501 the lowest income band 1480:1501 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 3 74 theme objective 528:536 arg1 income 560:565 objective and subjective family income 528:565 objective and subjective family income 528:565 This paper, using longitudinal panel data, explores whether falls in objective and subjective family income predict deterioration in children's diets over time. 24441645 10 75 theme consumption 1854:1864 arg1 frequency 1841:1849 their frequency 1835:1849 their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20) 1835:1947 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 9 76 theme time-varying 1259:1270 arg1 confounders 1272:1282 time-varying confounders 1259:1282 time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) 1259:1394 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 8 77 theme effects 1191:1197 arg1 models 1227:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models 1172:1232 The dietary variables were ordinal and were analysed using multivariate fixed effects ordinal logistic regression models. 24441645 5 78 theme dependent 770:778 arg1 variables 805:813 all dependent, independent and control variables 766:813 all dependent, independent and control variables for both time points 766:834 3279 families have valid data on all dependent, independent and control variables for both time points. 24441645 1 79 dep study 143:147 arg1 analysis 167:174 analysis 167:174 analysis 167:174 Unique insights using a longitudinal cohort study and fixed effects analysis. 24441645 0 80 theme objective 14:22 arg1 income 46:51 objective and subjective family income 14:51 objective and subjective family income 14:51 Do changes in objective and subjective family income predict change in children's diets over time? 24441645 10 81 dep CI 1932:1933 arg1 to 1940:1941 to 1940:1941 to 1940:1941 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 7 82 theme crisps 1079:1084 arg1 consumption 1064:1074 consumption 1064:1074 consumption of crisps 1064:1084 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 4 83 dep METHODS 620:626 arg1 uses 639:642 uses 639:642 uses panel data from the nationally representative birth cohort study Growing Up in Scotland 639:730 METHODS This paper uses panel data from the nationally representative birth cohort study Growing Up in Scotland. 24441645 10 84 from cope 1704:1707 arg1 income 1720:1725 current income 1712:1725 current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20) 1712:1947 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 9 85 dep confounders 1272:1282 arg1 education 1344:1352 maternal education 1335:1352 maternal education 1335:1352 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 85 dep confounders 1272:1282 arg1 composition 1362:1372 family composition 1355:1372 family composition 1355:1372 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 85 dep confounders 1272:1282 arg1 employment 1384:1393 maternal employment 1375:1393 maternal employment 1375:1393 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 85 dep confounders 1272:1282 arg1 fussiness 1301:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 85 dep confounders 1272:1282 arg1 class 1328:1332 maternal social class 1312:1332 maternal social class 1312:1332 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 7 86 theme consumption 1064:1074 arg1 fruit 1034:1038 fruit 1034:1038 fruit 1034:1038 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 7 86 theme consumption 1064:1074 arg1 vegetables 1022:1031 vegetables 1022:1031 vegetables 1022:1031 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 7 86 theme consumption 1064:1074 arg1 frequency 1051:1059 the frequency 1047:1059 the frequency of consumption of crisps 1047:1084 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 7 86 theme consumption 1064:1074 arg1 sweets 1087:1092 sweets 1087:1092 sweets 1087:1092 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 7 86 theme consumption 1064:1074 arg1 drinks 1105:1110 sugary drinks 1098:1110 sugary drinks 1098:1110 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24441645 9 87 theme maternal 1312:1319 arg1 fussiness 1301:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 87 theme maternal 1312:1319 arg1 class 1328:1332 maternal social class 1312:1332 maternal social class 1312:1332 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 88 theme increased 1537:1545 arg1 variety 1553:1559 increased fruit variety 1537:1559 increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82) 1537:1611 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 10 89 theme fruit 1759:1763 arg1 varieties 1765:1773 fewer fruit varieties 1753:1773 fewer fruit varieties 1753:1773 Mothers who transitioned from 'living very comfortably' to 'finding it very difficult' to cope on current income had children who consumed fewer fruit varieties over time (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.85), and who increased their frequency of consumption of crisps (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.94) and sweets (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.20). 24441645 4 90 from study 703:707 arg1 data 650:653 panel data 644:653 panel data from the nationally representative birth cohort study 644:707 METHODS This paper uses panel data from the nationally representative birth cohort study Growing Up in Scotland. 24441645 9 91 theme variety 1553:1559 arg1 chance 1527:1532 a smaller chance 1517:1532 a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82) 1517:1611 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 12 92 theme healthy 2155:2161 arg1 diets 2163:2167 less healthy diets 2150:2167 less healthy diets 2150:2167 Additionally, deterioration in subjective income predicted less healthy diets for children. 24441645 9 93 theme maternal 1335:1342 arg1 education 1344:1352 maternal education 1335:1352 maternal education 1335:1352 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 93 theme maternal 1335:1342 arg1 fussiness 1301:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 children's food fussiness 1285:1309 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 9 94 theme time-invariant 1421:1434 arg1 characteristics 1436:1450 time-invariant characteristics 1421:1450 time-invariant characteristics 1421:1450 RESULTS Controlling for time-varying confounders (children's food fussiness, maternal social class, maternal education, family composition, maternal employment) and for family and child time-invariant characteristics, moving from the highest to the lowest income band was linked to a smaller chance of increased fruit variety from 22 to 58 months (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82). 24441645 11 95 theme entire 2060:2065 arg1 spectrum 2081:2088 the entire socioeconomic spectrum 2056:2088 the entire socioeconomic spectrum 2056:2088 CONCLUSIONS The diets of young children in Scotland deteriorated between the ages of 2 and 5 years across the entire socioeconomic spectrum. 24441645 7 96 theme sugary 1098:1103 arg1 drinks 1105:1110 sugary drinks 1098:1110 sugary drinks 1098:1110 Mothers reported on children's variety of consumption of vegetables, fruit and on the frequency of consumption of crisps, sweets and sugary drinks. 24360770 3 0 from changes 399:405 arg1 properties 421:430 mechanical properties 410:430 mechanical properties 410:430 To assess changes in mechanical properties, intact and degraded cartilage explants were subjected to a series of confined compression creep tests. 24360770 7 1 theme lamina 1118:1123 arg1 splendens 1125:1133 the lamina splendens 1114:1133 the lamina splendens 1114:1133 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 2 2 theme proteoglycans 349:361 arg1 degradation 314:324 enzymatic degradation 304:324 enzymatic degradation of collagen fibers and proteoglycans 304:361 To this end, cartilage explants were collagenase-treated to induce enzymatic degradation of collagen fibers and proteoglycans at the articular surface. 24360770 9 3 theme significant 1235:1245 arg1 decrease 1247:1254 a significant decrease 1233:1254 a significant decrease in proteoglycan content 1233:1278 Degraded specimens experienced a significant decrease in proteoglycan content but maintained total collagen content. 24360770 0 4 theme cartilage 64:72 arg1 degradation 39:49 the pathological degradation 22:49 the pathological degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis 22:90 An in vitro model for the pathological degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. 24360770 5 5 theme collagenase-induced 679:697 arg1 degradation 699:709 collagenase-induced degradation 679:709 collagenase-induced degradation 679:709 Our results show that collagenase-induced degradation increased the amount of deformation experienced by the cartilage explants under compression. 24360770 6 6 theme instantaneous 866:878 arg1 moduli 894:899 instantaneous and aggregate moduli 866:899 instantaneous and aggregate moduli 866:899 An increase in apparent permeability as well as a decrease in instantaneous and aggregate moduli was measured following collagenase treatment. 24360770 1 7 theme in 139:140 arg1 model 170:174 an in vitro cartilage degradation model 136:174 an in vitro cartilage degradation model that emulates the damage seen in early-stage osteoarthritis 136:234 The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro cartilage degradation model that emulates the damage seen in early-stage osteoarthritis. 24360770 10 8 theme samples 1350:1356 arg1 testing 1330:1336 Repetitive testing 1319:1336 Repetitive testing of degraded samples 1319:1356 Repetitive testing of degraded samples resulted in the gradual collapse of the articular surface and the compaction of the superficial zone. 24360770 9 9 theme total 1295:1299 arg1 content 1310:1316 total collagen content 1295:1316 total collagen content 1295:1316 Degraded specimens experienced a significant decrease in proteoglycan content but maintained total collagen content. 24360770 7 10 theme superficial 1067:1077 arg1 zones 1096:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 7 11 from presence 1003:1010 arg1 zones 1096:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 0 12 from degradation 39:49 arg1 osteoarthritis 77:90 osteoarthritis 77:90 osteoarthritis 77:90 An in vitro model for the pathological degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. 24360770 11 13 theme enzymatic 1503:1511 arg1 degradation 1513:1523 enzymatic degradation 1503:1523 enzymatic degradation with collagenase 1503:1540 Taken together, our data demonstrates that enzymatic degradation with collagenase can be used to emulate changes seen in early-stage osteoarthritis. 24360770 9 14 theme collagen 1301:1308 arg1 content 1310:1316 total collagen content 1295:1316 total collagen content 1295:1316 Degraded specimens experienced a significant decrease in proteoglycan content but maintained total collagen content. 24360770 7 15 from depletion 1050:1058 arg1 zones 1096:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 12 16 theme cartilage 1661:1669 arg1 mechanics 1671:1679 cartilage mechanics 1661:1679 cartilage mechanics 1661:1679 Further, our in vitro model provides information on cartilage mechanics and insights on how matrix changes can affect cartilage's functional properties. 24360770 6 17 from increase 807:814 arg1 moduli 894:899 instantaneous and aggregate moduli 866:899 instantaneous and aggregate moduli 866:899 An increase in apparent permeability as well as a decrease in instantaneous and aggregate moduli was measured following collagenase treatment. 24360770 6 17 from increase 807:814 arg1 permeability 828:839 apparent permeability 819:839 apparent permeability 819:839 An increase in apparent permeability as well as a decrease in instantaneous and aggregate moduli was measured following collagenase treatment. 24360770 7 18 theme proteoglycan 1037:1048 arg1 depletion 1050:1058 proteoglycan depletion 1037:1058 proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones 1037:1100 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 2 19 theme cartilage 250:258 arg1 explants 260:267 cartilage explants 250:267 cartilage explants 250:267 To this end, cartilage explants were collagenase-treated to induce enzymatic degradation of collagen fibers and proteoglycans at the articular surface. 24360770 10 20 theme surface 1408:1414 arg1 compaction 1424:1433 the compaction 1420:1433 the compaction of the superficial zone 1420:1457 Repetitive testing of degraded samples resulted in the gradual collapse of the articular surface and the compaction of the superficial zone. 24360770 10 20 theme surface 1408:1414 arg1 collapse 1382:1389 the gradual collapse 1370:1389 the gradual collapse of the articular surface 1370:1414 Repetitive testing of degraded samples resulted in the gradual collapse of the articular surface and the compaction of the superficial zone. 24360770 3 21 theme intact 433:438 arg1 explants 463:470 intact and degraded cartilage explants 433:470 intact and degraded cartilage explants 433:470 To assess changes in mechanical properties, intact and degraded cartilage explants were subjected to a series of confined compression creep tests. 24360770 12 22 dep in 1622:1623 arg1 vitro 1625:1629 vitro 1625:1629 vitro 1625:1629 Further, our in vitro model provides information on cartilage mechanics and insights on how matrix changes can affect cartilage's functional properties. 24360770 9 23 theme proteoglycan 1259:1270 arg1 content 1272:1278 proteoglycan content 1259:1278 proteoglycan content 1259:1278 Degraded specimens experienced a significant decrease in proteoglycan content but maintained total collagen content. 24360770 8 24 theme Collagen 1136:1143 arg1 cleavage 1145:1152 Collagen cleavage 1136:1152 Collagen cleavage 1136:1152 Collagen cleavage was confirmed by the Col II-3/4Cshort antibody. 24360770 7 25 theme surface 1015:1021 arg1 fibrillation 1023:1034 surface fibrillation 1015:1034 surface fibrillation 1015:1034 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 10 26 theme articular 1398:1406 arg1 surface 1408:1414 the articular surface 1394:1414 the articular surface 1394:1414 Repetitive testing of degraded samples resulted in the gradual collapse of the articular surface and the compaction of the superficial zone. 24360770 1 27 theme cartilage 148:156 arg1 model 170:174 an in vitro cartilage degradation model 136:174 an in vitro cartilage degradation model that emulates the damage seen in early-stage osteoarthritis 136:234 The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro cartilage degradation model that emulates the damage seen in early-stage osteoarthritis. 24360770 0 28 theme in 3:4 arg1 model 12:16 An in vitro model 0:16 An in vitro model for the pathological degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis 0:90 An in vitro model for the pathological degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. 24360770 7 29 theme fibrillation 1023:1034 arg1 loss 1106:1109 loss 1106:1109 loss of the lamina splendens 1106:1133 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 7 29 theme fibrillation 1023:1034 arg1 presence 1003:1010 the presence 999:1010 the presence of surface fibrillation 999:1034 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 7 29 theme fibrillation 1023:1034 arg1 depletion 1050:1058 proteoglycan depletion 1037:1058 proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones 1037:1100 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 2 30 theme enzymatic 304:312 arg1 degradation 314:324 enzymatic degradation 304:324 enzymatic degradation of collagen fibers and proteoglycans 304:361 To this end, cartilage explants were collagenase-treated to induce enzymatic degradation of collagen fibers and proteoglycans at the articular surface. 24360770 13 31 theme treatment 1825:1833 arg1 options 1835:1841 treatment options 1825:1841 treatment options for tissue repair 1825:1859 More importantly, our model can be applied to develop and test treatment options for tissue repair. 24360770 1 32 theme degradation 158:168 arg1 model 170:174 an in vitro cartilage degradation model 136:174 an in vitro cartilage degradation model that emulates the damage seen in early-stage osteoarthritis 136:234 The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro cartilage degradation model that emulates the damage seen in early-stage osteoarthritis. 24360770 4 33 theme matrix 561:566 arg1 structure 568:576 extracellular matrix structure 547:576 extracellular matrix structure 547:576 Changes in extracellular matrix structure and composition were determined using biochemical and histological approaches. 24360770 12 34 from information 1646:1656 arg1 insights 1685:1692 insights 1685:1692 insights 1685:1692 Further, our in vitro model provides information on cartilage mechanics and insights on how matrix changes can affect cartilage's functional properties. 24360770 12 34 from information 1646:1656 arg1 mechanics 1671:1679 cartilage mechanics 1661:1679 cartilage mechanics 1661:1679 Further, our in vitro model provides information on cartilage mechanics and insights on how matrix changes can affect cartilage's functional properties. 24360770 1 35 dep in 139:140 arg1 vitro 142:146 vitro 142:146 vitro 142:146 The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro cartilage degradation model that emulates the damage seen in early-stage osteoarthritis. 24360770 11 36 theme early-stage 1581:1591 arg1 osteoarthritis 1593:1606 early-stage osteoarthritis 1581:1606 early-stage osteoarthritis 1581:1606 Taken together, our data demonstrates that enzymatic degradation with collagenase can be used to emulate changes seen in early-stage osteoarthritis. 24360770 2 37 theme articular 370:378 arg1 surface 380:386 the articular surface 366:386 the articular surface 366:386 To this end, cartilage explants were collagenase-treated to induce enzymatic degradation of collagen fibers and proteoglycans at the articular surface. 24360770 4 38 theme extracellular 547:559 arg1 structure 568:576 extracellular matrix structure 547:576 extracellular matrix structure 547:576 Changes in extracellular matrix structure and composition were determined using biochemical and histological approaches. 24360770 7 39 attach presence 1003:1010 arg2 fibrillation 1023:1034 surface fibrillation 1015:1034 surface fibrillation 1015:1034 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 7 39 attach presence 1003:1010 arg1 zones 1096:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 7 39 attach presence 1003:1010 arg2 splendens 1125:1133 the lamina splendens 1114:1133 the lamina splendens 1114:1133 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 3 40 theme tests 529:533 arg1 series 492:497 a series 490:497 a series of confined compression creep tests 490:533 To assess changes in mechanical properties, intact and degraded cartilage explants were subjected to a series of confined compression creep tests. 24360770 3 41 theme confined 502:509 arg1 tests 529:533 confined compression creep tests 502:533 confined compression creep tests 502:533 To assess changes in mechanical properties, intact and degraded cartilage explants were subjected to a series of confined compression creep tests. 24360770 9 42 theme Degraded 1202:1209 arg1 specimens 1211:1219 Degraded specimens 1202:1219 Degraded specimens 1202:1219 Degraded specimens experienced a significant decrease in proteoglycan content but maintained total collagen content. 24360770 9 43 from decrease 1247:1254 arg1 content 1272:1278 proteoglycan content 1259:1278 proteoglycan content 1259:1278 Degraded specimens experienced a significant decrease in proteoglycan content but maintained total collagen content. 24360770 13 44 theme tissue 1847:1852 arg1 repair 1854:1859 tissue repair 1847:1859 tissue repair 1847:1859 More importantly, our model can be applied to develop and test treatment options for tissue repair. 24360770 12 45 theme functional 1739:1748 arg1 properties 1750:1759 cartilage's functional properties 1727:1759 cartilage's functional properties 1727:1759 Further, our in vitro model provides information on cartilage mechanics and insights on how matrix changes can affect cartilage's functional properties. 24360770 8 46 theme II-3/4Cshort 1179:1190 arg1 antibody 1192:1199 the Col II-3/4Cshort antibody 1171:1199 the Col II-3/4Cshort antibody 1171:1199 Collagen cleavage was confirmed by the Col II-3/4Cshort antibody. 24360770 6 47 theme collagenase 924:934 arg1 treatment 936:944 collagenase treatment 924:944 collagenase treatment 924:944 An increase in apparent permeability as well as a decrease in instantaneous and aggregate moduli was measured following collagenase treatment. 24360770 5 48 theme cartilage 766:774 arg1 explants 776:783 the cartilage explants 762:783 the cartilage explants under compression 762:801 Our results show that collagenase-induced degradation increased the amount of deformation experienced by the cartilage explants under compression. 24360770 10 49 theme degraded 1341:1348 arg1 samples 1350:1356 degraded samples 1341:1356 degraded samples 1341:1356 Repetitive testing of degraded samples resulted in the gradual collapse of the articular surface and the compaction of the superficial zone. 24360770 3 50 theme degraded 444:451 arg1 explants 463:470 intact and degraded cartilage explants 433:470 intact and degraded cartilage explants 433:470 To assess changes in mechanical properties, intact and degraded cartilage explants were subjected to a series of confined compression creep tests. 24360770 3 51 theme mechanical 410:419 arg1 properties 421:430 mechanical properties 410:430 mechanical properties 410:430 To assess changes in mechanical properties, intact and degraded cartilage explants were subjected to a series of confined compression creep tests. 24360770 4 52 from Changes 536:542 arg1 composition 582:592 composition 582:592 composition 582:592 Changes in extracellular matrix structure and composition were determined using biochemical and histological approaches. 24360770 4 52 from Changes 536:542 arg1 structure 568:576 extracellular matrix structure 547:576 extracellular matrix structure 547:576 Changes in extracellular matrix structure and composition were determined using biochemical and histological approaches. 24360770 11 53 used used 1549:1552 arg2 degradation 1513:1523 enzymatic degradation 1503:1523 enzymatic degradation with collagenase 1503:1540 Taken together, our data demonstrates that enzymatic degradation with collagenase can be used to emulate changes seen in early-stage osteoarthritis. 24360770 6 54 theme apparent 819:826 arg1 permeability 828:839 apparent permeability 819:839 apparent permeability 819:839 An increase in apparent permeability as well as a decrease in instantaneous and aggregate moduli was measured following collagenase treatment. 24360770 3 55 theme cartilage 453:461 arg1 explants 463:470 intact and degraded cartilage explants 433:470 intact and degraded cartilage explants 433:470 To assess changes in mechanical properties, intact and degraded cartilage explants were subjected to a series of confined compression creep tests. 24360770 12 56 theme matrix 1701:1706 arg1 changes 1708:1714 matrix changes 1701:1714 matrix changes 1701:1714 Further, our in vitro model provides information on cartilage mechanics and insights on how matrix changes can affect cartilage's functional properties. 24360770 7 57 theme splendens 1125:1133 arg1 loss 1106:1109 loss 1106:1109 loss of the lamina splendens 1106:1133 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 7 57 theme splendens 1125:1133 arg1 presence 1003:1010 the presence 999:1010 the presence of surface fibrillation 999:1034 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 7 57 theme splendens 1125:1133 arg1 depletion 1050:1058 proteoglycan depletion 1037:1058 proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones 1037:1100 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 2 58 theme fibers 338:343 arg1 degradation 314:324 enzymatic degradation 304:324 enzymatic degradation of collagen fibers and proteoglycans 304:361 To this end, cartilage explants were collagenase-treated to induce enzymatic degradation of collagen fibers and proteoglycans at the articular surface. 24360770 0 59 theme pathological 26:37 arg1 degradation 39:49 the pathological degradation 22:49 the pathological degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis 22:90 An in vitro model for the pathological degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. 24360770 6 60 from decrease 854:861 arg1 moduli 894:899 instantaneous and aggregate moduli 866:899 instantaneous and aggregate moduli 866:899 An increase in apparent permeability as well as a decrease in instantaneous and aggregate moduli was measured following collagenase treatment. 24360770 6 60 from decrease 854:861 arg1 permeability 828:839 apparent permeability 819:839 apparent permeability 819:839 An increase in apparent permeability as well as a decrease in instantaneous and aggregate moduli was measured following collagenase treatment. 24360770 7 61 from loss 1106:1109 arg1 zones 1096:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 2 62 theme collagen 329:336 arg1 fibers 338:343 collagen fibers 329:343 collagen fibers 329:343 To this end, cartilage explants were collagenase-treated to induce enzymatic degradation of collagen fibers and proteoglycans at the articular surface. 24360770 12 63 theme in 1622:1623 arg1 model 1631:1635 our in vitro model 1618:1635 our in vitro model 1618:1635 Further, our in vitro model provides information on cartilage mechanics and insights on how matrix changes can affect cartilage's functional properties. 24360770 10 64 theme superficial 1442:1452 arg1 zone 1454:1457 the superficial zone 1438:1457 the superficial zone 1438:1457 Repetitive testing of degraded samples resulted in the gradual collapse of the articular surface and the compaction of the superficial zone. 24360770 1 65 theme study 115:119 arg1 objective 97:105 The objective 93:105 The objective of this study 93:119 The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro cartilage degradation model that emulates the damage seen in early-stage osteoarthritis. 24360770 10 66 theme zone 1454:1457 arg1 compaction 1424:1433 the compaction 1420:1433 the compaction of the superficial zone 1420:1457 Repetitive testing of degraded samples resulted in the gradual collapse of the articular surface and the compaction of the superficial zone. 24360770 10 66 theme zone 1454:1457 arg1 collapse 1382:1389 the gradual collapse 1370:1389 the gradual collapse of the articular surface 1370:1414 Repetitive testing of degraded samples resulted in the gradual collapse of the articular surface and the compaction of the superficial zone. 24360770 10 67 theme gradual 1374:1380 arg1 collapse 1382:1389 the gradual collapse 1370:1389 the gradual collapse of the articular surface 1370:1414 Repetitive testing of degraded samples resulted in the gradual collapse of the articular surface and the compaction of the superficial zone. 24360770 5 68 theme deformation 735:745 arg1 deformation 735:745 deformation 735:745 deformation experienced by the cartilage explants under compression 735:801 Our results show that collagenase-induced degradation increased the amount of deformation experienced by the cartilage explants under compression. 24360770 5 68 theme deformation 735:745 arg1 amount 725:730 the amount 721:730 the amount of deformation experienced by the cartilage explants under compression 721:801 Our results show that collagenase-induced degradation increased the amount of deformation experienced by the cartilage explants under compression. 24360770 6 69 theme aggregate 884:892 arg1 moduli 894:899 instantaneous and aggregate moduli 866:899 instantaneous and aggregate moduli 866:899 An increase in apparent permeability as well as a decrease in instantaneous and aggregate moduli was measured following collagenase treatment. 24360770 7 70 theme degraded 972:979 arg1 explants 981:988 degraded explants 972:988 degraded explants 972:988 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 4 71 theme biochemical 616:626 arg1 approaches 645:654 biochemical and histological approaches 616:654 biochemical and histological approaches 616:654 Changes in extracellular matrix structure and composition were determined using biochemical and histological approaches. 24360770 0 72 theme articular 54:62 arg1 cartilage 64:72 articular cartilage 54:72 articular cartilage 54:72 An in vitro model for the pathological degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. 24360770 7 73 theme Histological 947:958 arg1 analysis 960:967 Histological analysis 947:967 Histological analysis of degraded explants 947:988 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 0 74 dep in 3:4 arg1 vitro 6:10 vitro 6:10 vitro 6:10 An in vitro model for the pathological degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. 24360770 7 75 theme intermediate 1083:1094 arg1 zones 1096:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 the superficial and intermediate zones 1063:1100 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 3 76 theme compression 511:521 arg1 tests 529:533 confined compression creep tests 502:533 confined compression creep tests 502:533 To assess changes in mechanical properties, intact and degraded cartilage explants were subjected to a series of confined compression creep tests. 24360770 7 77 theme explants 981:988 arg1 analysis 960:967 Histological analysis 947:967 Histological analysis of degraded explants 947:988 Histological analysis of degraded explants revealed the presence of surface fibrillation, proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and intermediate zones and loss of the lamina splendens. 24360770 1 78 theme early-stage 209:219 arg1 osteoarthritis 221:234 early-stage osteoarthritis 209:234 early-stage osteoarthritis 209:234 The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro cartilage degradation model that emulates the damage seen in early-stage osteoarthritis. 24360770 10 79 theme Repetitive 1319:1328 arg1 testing 1330:1336 Repetitive testing 1319:1336 Repetitive testing of degraded samples 1319:1356 Repetitive testing of degraded samples resulted in the gradual collapse of the articular surface and the compaction of the superficial zone. 24360770 11 80 with degradation 1513:1523 arg1 collagenase 1530:1540 collagenase 1530:1540 collagenase 1530:1540 Taken together, our data demonstrates that enzymatic degradation with collagenase can be used to emulate changes seen in early-stage osteoarthritis. 24360770 3 81 theme creep 523:527 arg1 tests 529:533 confined compression creep tests 502:533 confined compression creep tests 502:533 To assess changes in mechanical properties, intact and degraded cartilage explants were subjected to a series of confined compression creep tests. 24360770 8 82 theme Col 1175:1177 arg1 antibody 1192:1199 the Col II-3/4Cshort antibody 1171:1199 the Col II-3/4Cshort antibody 1171:1199 Collagen cleavage was confirmed by the Col II-3/4Cshort antibody. 24360770 4 83 theme histological 632:643 arg1 approaches 645:654 biochemical and histological approaches 616:654 biochemical and histological approaches 616:654 Changes in extracellular matrix structure and composition were determined using biochemical and histological approaches. 23436434 3 0 theme retrospective 622:634 arg1 study 650:654 a retrospective observational study 620:654 a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin 620:797 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 3 0 theme retrospective 622:634 arg1 Effect 541:546 The Effect 537:546 The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 537:614 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 1 1 theme suture-mediated 210:224 arg1 VCDs 252:255 VCDs 252:255 VCDs 252:255 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 1 1 theme suture-mediated 210:224 arg1 devices 243:249 suture-mediated vascular closure devices 210:249 suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) 210:256 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 4 2 theme patients 841:848 arg1 This 800:803 This 800:803 This 800:803 This is a subanalysis of 428 consecutive patients who underwent BAV (with 10-13 French sheaths) to compare the effect of hemostasis with VCDs versus manual compression utilizing standardized definitions. 23436434 4 2 theme patients 841:848 arg1 subanalysis 810:820 a subanalysis 808:820 a subanalysis of 428 consecutive patients who underwent BAV (with 10-13 French sheaths) to compare the effect of hemostasis with VCDs versus manual compression utilizing standardized definitions 808:1001 This is a subanalysis of 428 consecutive patients who underwent BAV (with 10-13 French sheaths) to compare the effect of hemostasis with VCDs versus manual compression utilizing standardized definitions. 23436434 3 3 theme high-volume 673:683 arg1 centers 694:700 two high-volume academic centers 669:700 two high-volume academic centers 669:700 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 1 4 theme closure 235:241 arg1 VCDs 252:255 VCDs 252:255 VCDs 252:255 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 1 4 theme closure 235:241 arg1 devices 243:249 suture-mediated vascular closure devices 210:249 suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) 210:256 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 0 5 theme BRAVO 160:164 arg1 study 166:170 the BRAVO study 156:170 the BRAVO study 156:170 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 12 6 from reduction 1952:1960 arg1 NACE 1965:1968 NACE 1965:1968 NACE 1965:1968 CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that suture-mediated vascular closure is associated with a substantial reduction in NACE after transfemoral BAV. 23436434 0 7 theme balloon 108:114 arg1 valvuloplasty 123:135 balloon aortic valvuloplasty 108:135 balloon aortic valvuloplasty 108:135 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 6 8 theme antithrombin 1191:1202 arg1 use 1204:1206 antithrombin use 1191:1206 antithrombin use 1191:1206 All events were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee who were blinded to antithrombin use. 23436434 11 9 theme bivalirudin 1793:1803 arg1 use 1805:1807 bivalirudin use 1793:1807 bivalirudin use 1793:1807 Results remained significant after adjusting for baseline differences and bivalirudin use (OR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21-0.68; P = 0.001). 23436434 12 10 dep CONCLUSIONS 1850:1860 arg1 suggests 1872:1879 suggests 1872:1879 suggests that suture-mediated vascular closure is associated with a substantial reduction in NACE after transfemoral BAV 1872:1991 CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that suture-mediated vascular closure is associated with a substantial reduction in NACE after transfemoral BAV. 23436434 8 11 theme = 1533:1533 arg1 n 1531:1531 n 1531:1531 n = 159, 37% 1531:1542 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 0 12 from bleeding 56:63 arg1 use 4:6 The use 0:6 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 0:171 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 9 13 theme Other 1546:1550 arg1 features 1577:1584 Other clinical and demographic features 1546:1584 Other clinical and demographic features 1546:1584 Other clinical and demographic features were well balanced between groups. 23436434 1 14 from impact 200:205 arg1 NACEs 290:294 NACEs 290:294 NACEs 290:294 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 1 14 from impact 200:205 arg1 events 282:287 net adverse clinical events 261:287 net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) 261:336 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 13 15 theme randomized 2000:2009 arg1 trials 2020:2025 Large randomized clinical trials 1994:2025 Large randomized clinical trials 1994:2025 Large randomized clinical trials should be conducted to confirm our results. 23436434 3 16 theme Valve 573:577 arg1 BRAVOs 602:607 BRAVOs 602:607 BRAVOs 602:607 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 3 16 theme Valve 573:577 arg1 Outcomes 592:599 Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes 566:599 Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 566:614 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 8 17 dep % 1344:1344 arg1 < 1359:1359 P < 0.001 1357:1365 P < 0.001 1357:1365 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 6 18 theme clinical 1145:1152 arg1 events 1154:1159 independent clinical events 1133:1159 an independent clinical events committee who were blinded to antithrombin use 1130:1206 All events were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee who were blinded to antithrombin use. 23436434 5 19 theme clinical 1074:1081 arg1 events 1083:1088 major adverse clinical events 1060:1088 major adverse clinical events (MACEs) 1060:1096 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 5 19 theme clinical 1074:1081 arg1 MACEs 1091:1095 MACEs 1091:1095 MACEs 1091:1095 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 2 20 theme previous 434:441 arg1 studies 443:449 previous studies 434:449 previous studies 434:449 BACKGROUND Ischemic and bleeding complications are common following transfemoral BAV; however, previous studies have been single center and limited by varying definitions of major bleeding. 23436434 3 21 theme heparin 791:797 arg1 effect 747:752 the effect 743:752 the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin 743:797 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 8 22 theme BAV 1388:1390 arg1 common 1488:1493 common 1488:1493 common 1488:1493 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 22 theme BAV 1388:1390 arg1 % 1466:1466 30.7% vs. 19.7% 1452:1466 % 1466:1466 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 22 theme BAV 1388:1390 arg1 disease 1443:1449 peripheral vascular disease 1423:1449 peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) 1423:1477 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 22 theme BAV 1388:1390 arg1 % 1456:1456 30.7% vs. 19.7% 1452:1466 % 1456:1456 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 22 theme BAV 1388:1390 arg1 history 1371:1377 a history 1369:1377 a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) 1369:1417 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 0 23 theme net 69:71 arg1 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 0 23 theme net 69:71 arg1 events 90:95 net adverse clinical events 69:95 net adverse clinical events (NACEs) 69:103 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 5 24 theme bleeding 1047:1054 arg1 composite 1028:1036 the composite 1024:1036 the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs) 1024:1096 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 5 24 theme bleeding 1047:1054 arg1 NACE 1004:1007 NACE 1004:1007 NACE 1004:1007 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 5 24 theme bleeding 1047:1054 arg1 bleeding 1047:1054 bleeding 1047:1054 bleeding 1047:1054 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 5 24 theme bleeding 1047:1054 arg1 events 1083:1088 major adverse clinical events 1060:1088 major adverse clinical events (MACEs) 1060:1096 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 2 25 theme single 461:466 arg1 center 468:473 single center 461:473 single center 461:473 BACKGROUND Ischemic and bleeding complications are common following transfemoral BAV; however, previous studies have been single center and limited by varying definitions of major bleeding. 23436434 8 26 dep preclosure 1519:1528 arg1 n 1531:1531 n 1531:1531 n = 159, 37% 1531:1542 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 0 27 theme clinical 81:88 arg1 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 0 27 theme clinical 81:88 arg1 events 90:95 net adverse clinical events 69:95 net adverse clinical events (NACEs) 69:103 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 5 28 theme major 1060:1064 arg1 events 1083:1088 major adverse clinical events 1060:1088 major adverse clinical events (MACEs) 1060:1096 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 5 28 theme major 1060:1064 arg1 MACEs 1091:1095 MACEs 1091:1095 MACEs 1091:1095 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 4 29 theme standardized 978:989 arg1 definitions 991:1001 standardized definitions 978:1001 standardized definitions 978:1001 This is a subanalysis of 428 consecutive patients who underwent BAV (with 10-13 French sheaths) to compare the effect of hemostasis with VCDs versus manual compression utilizing standardized definitions. 23436434 8 30 from common 1488:1493 arg1 those 1498:1502 those 1498:1502 those 1498:1502 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 1 31 theme devices 243:249 arg1 impact 200:205 the impact 196:205 the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) 196:336 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 2 32 theme bleeding 363:370 arg1 complications 372:384 BACKGROUND Ischemic and bleeding complications 339:384 complications 372:384 BACKGROUND Ischemic and bleeding complications are common following transfemoral BAV; however, previous studies have been single center and limited by varying definitions of major bleeding. 23436434 12 33 theme suture-mediated 1886:1900 arg1 closure 1911:1917 suture-mediated vascular closure 1886:1917 suture-mediated vascular closure 1886:1917 CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that suture-mediated vascular closure is associated with a substantial reduction in NACE after transfemoral BAV. 23436434 0 34 theme closure 20:26 arg1 devices 28:34 vascular closure devices 11:34 vascular closure devices 11:34 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 3 35 theme Outcomes 592:599 arg1 study 610:614 Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 566:614 Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 566:614 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 8 36 from those 1498:1502 arg1 history 1371:1377 a history 1369:1377 a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) 1369:1417 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 36 from those 1498:1502 arg1 common 1488:1493 common 1488:1493 common 1488:1493 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 1 37 theme adverse 265:271 arg1 NACEs 290:294 NACEs 290:294 NACEs 290:294 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 1 37 theme adverse 265:271 arg1 events 282:287 net adverse clinical events 261:287 net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) 261:336 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 10 38 theme Vascular 1621:1628 arg1 closure 1630:1636 Vascular closure 1621:1636 Vascular closure 1621:1636 Vascular closure was associated with a significant reduction in NACE (24.5% vs. 10.0% P < 0.001). 23436434 8 39 theme vascular 1434:1441 arg1 disease 1443:1449 peripheral vascular disease 1423:1449 peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) 1423:1477 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 39 theme vascular 1434:1441 arg1 % 1456:1456 30.7% vs. 19.7% 1452:1466 % 1456:1456 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 39 theme vascular 1434:1441 arg1 % 1466:1466 30.7% vs. 19.7% 1452:1466 % 1466:1466 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 40 theme = 1471:1471 arg1 P 1469:1469 P = 0.01 1469:1476 P = 0.01 1469:1476 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 41 dep % 1397:1397 arg1 P 1409:1409 P = 0.04 1409:1416 P = 0.04 1409:1416 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 7 42 theme RESULTS 1209:1215 arg1 Preclosure 1217:1226 RESULTS Preclosure 1209:1226 RESULTS Preclosure 1209:1226 RESULTS Preclosure was performed in 269 (62.8%) of patients. 23436434 3 43 theme observational 636:648 arg1 study 650:654 a retrospective observational study 620:654 a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin 620:797 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 3 43 theme observational 636:648 arg1 Effect 541:546 The Effect 537:546 The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 537:614 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 1 44 theme vascular 226:233 arg1 VCDs 252:255 VCDs 252:255 VCDs 252:255 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 1 44 theme vascular 226:233 arg1 devices 243:249 suture-mediated vascular closure devices 210:249 suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) 210:256 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 4 45 theme consecutive 829:839 arg1 patients 841:848 428 consecutive patients 825:848 428 consecutive patients who underwent BAV (with 10-13 French sheaths) 825:894 This is a subanalysis of 428 consecutive patients who underwent BAV (with 10-13 French sheaths) to compare the effect of hemostasis with VCDs versus manual compression utilizing standardized definitions. 23436434 3 46 theme academic 685:692 arg1 centers 694:700 two high-volume academic centers 669:700 two high-volume academic centers 669:700 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 0 47 theme study 166:170 arg1 sub-analysis 140:151 a sub-analysis 138:151 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 0:171 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 3 48 dep METHODS 529:535 arg1 study 650:654 a retrospective observational study 620:654 a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin 620:797 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 3 48 dep METHODS 529:535 arg1 Effect 541:546 The Effect 537:546 The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 537:614 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 2 49 theme transfemoral 407:418 arg1 BAV 420:422 transfemoral BAV 407:422 transfemoral BAV 407:422 BACKGROUND Ischemic and bleeding complications are common following transfemoral BAV; however, previous studies have been single center and limited by varying definitions of major bleeding. 23436434 10 50 from reduction 1672:1680 arg1 NACE 1685:1688 NACE 1685:1688 NACE 1685:1688 Vascular closure was associated with a significant reduction in NACE (24.5% vs. 10.0% P < 0.001). 23436434 3 51 theme 6-year 709:714 arg1 period 716:721 a 6-year period 707:721 a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin 707:797 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 11 52 theme baseline 1768:1775 arg1 differences 1777:1787 baseline differences 1768:1787 baseline differences 1768:1787 Results remained significant after adjusting for baseline differences and bivalirudin use (OR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21-0.68; P = 0.001). 23436434 8 53 dep used 1292:1295 arg1 % 1344:1344 60.6% 1340:1344 60.6% 1340:1344 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 53 dep used 1292:1295 arg1 % 1354:1354 37.7% 1350:1354 37.7% 1350:1354 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 54 theme P 1357:1357 arg1 < 1359:1359 P < 0.001 1357:1365 P < 0.001 1357:1365 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 11 55 dep = 1840:1840 arg1 % 1821:1821 0.38, 95% 1813:1821 0.38, 95% 1813:1821 Results remained significant after adjusting for baseline differences and bivalirudin use (OR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21-0.68; P = 0.001). 23436434 4 56 theme French 880:885 arg1 sheaths 887:893 10-13 French sheaths 874:893 10-13 French sheaths 874:893 This is a subanalysis of 428 consecutive patients who underwent BAV (with 10-13 French sheaths) to compare the effect of hemostasis with VCDs versus manual compression utilizing standardized definitions. 23436434 0 57 theme aortic 116:121 arg1 valvuloplasty 123:135 balloon aortic valvuloplasty 108:135 balloon aortic valvuloplasty 108:135 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 10 58 theme < 1709:1709 arg1 P 1707:1707 P < 0.001 1707:1715 P < 0.001 1707:1715 Vascular closure was associated with a significant reduction in NACE (24.5% vs. 10.0% P < 0.001). 23436434 13 59 theme Large 1994:1998 arg1 trials 2020:2025 Large randomized clinical trials 1994:2025 Large randomized clinical trials 1994:2025 Large randomized clinical trials should be conducted to confirm our results. 23436434 2 60 theme bleeding 519:526 arg1 definitions 498:508 definitions 498:508 definitions of major bleeding 498:526 BACKGROUND Ischemic and bleeding complications are common following transfemoral BAV; however, previous studies have been single center and limited by varying definitions of major bleeding. 23436434 0 61 from events 90:95 arg1 use 4:6 The use 0:6 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 0:171 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 3 62 theme Aortic 566:571 arg1 BRAVOs 602:607 BRAVOs 602:607 BRAVOs 602:607 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 3 62 theme Aortic 566:571 arg1 Outcomes 592:599 Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes 566:599 Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 566:614 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 13 63 theme clinical 2011:2018 arg1 trials 2020:2025 Large randomized clinical trials 1994:2025 Large randomized clinical trials 1994:2025 Large randomized clinical trials should be conducted to confirm our results. 23436434 6 64 theme events 1154:1159 arg1 committee 1161:1169 an independent clinical events committee 1130:1169 an independent clinical events committee who were blinded to antithrombin use 1130:1206 All events were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee who were blinded to antithrombin use. 23436434 3 65 theme bivalirudin 757:767 arg1 effect 747:752 the effect 743:752 the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin 743:797 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 3 66 theme Bivalirudin 551:561 arg1 Effect 541:546 The Effect 537:546 The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 537:614 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 3 66 theme Bivalirudin 551:561 arg1 study 650:654 a retrospective observational study 620:654 a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin 620:797 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 8 67 theme prior 1382:1386 arg1 BAV 1388:1390 prior BAV 1382:1390 prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) 1382:1417 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 67 theme prior 1382:1386 arg1 % 1397:1397 11.1% 1393:1397 11.1% 1393:1397 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 67 theme prior 1382:1386 arg1 % 1406:1406 3.6% 1403:1406 3.6% 1403:1406 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 6 68 theme independent 1133:1143 arg1 events 1154:1159 independent clinical events 1133:1159 an independent clinical events committee who were blinded to antithrombin use 1130:1206 All events were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee who were blinded to antithrombin use. 23436434 5 69 theme events 1083:1088 arg1 composite 1028:1036 the composite 1024:1036 the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs) 1024:1096 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 5 69 theme events 1083:1088 arg1 NACE 1004:1007 NACE 1004:1007 NACE 1004:1007 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 5 69 theme events 1083:1088 arg1 bleeding 1047:1054 bleeding 1047:1054 bleeding 1047:1054 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 5 69 theme events 1083:1088 arg1 events 1083:1088 major adverse clinical events 1060:1088 major adverse clinical events (MACEs) 1060:1096 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 12 70 theme transfemoral 1976:1987 arg1 BAV 1989:1991 transfemoral BAV 1976:1991 transfemoral BAV 1976:1991 CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that suture-mediated vascular closure is associated with a substantial reduction in NACE after transfemoral BAV. 23436434 4 71 theme hemostasis 921:930 arg1 effect 911:916 the effect 907:916 the effect of hemostasis 907:930 This is a subanalysis of 428 consecutive patients who underwent BAV (with 10-13 French sheaths) to compare the effect of hemostasis with VCDs versus manual compression utilizing standardized definitions. 23436434 0 72 from use 4:6 arg1 bleeding 56:63 bleeding 56:63 bleeding 56:63 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 0 72 from use 4:6 arg1 valvuloplasty 123:135 balloon aortic valvuloplasty 108:135 balloon aortic valvuloplasty 108:135 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 0 72 from use 4:6 arg1 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 0 72 from use 4:6 arg1 events 90:95 net adverse clinical events 69:95 net adverse clinical events (NACEs) 69:103 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 8 73 dep = 1533:1533 arg1 % 1542:1542 159, 37% 1535:1542 % 1542:1542 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 0 74 theme adverse 73:79 arg1 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 0 74 theme adverse 73:79 arg1 events 90:95 net adverse clinical events 69:95 net adverse clinical events (NACEs) 69:103 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 8 75 dep % 1456:1456 arg1 P 1469:1469 P = 0.01 1469:1476 P = 0.01 1469:1476 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 0 76 from impact 40:45 arg1 bleeding 56:63 bleeding 56:63 bleeding 56:63 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 0 76 from impact 40:45 arg1 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 0 76 from impact 40:45 arg1 events 90:95 net adverse clinical events 69:95 net adverse clinical events (NACEs) 69:103 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 12 77 theme substantial 1940:1950 arg1 reduction 1952:1960 a substantial reduction 1938:1960 a substantial reduction in NACE after transfemoral BAV 1938:1991 CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that suture-mediated vascular closure is associated with a substantial reduction in NACE after transfemoral BAV. 23436434 3 78 theme unfractionated 776:789 arg1 heparin 791:797 unfractionated heparin 776:797 unfractionated heparin 776:797 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 1 79 theme balloon 303:309 arg1 BAV 333:335 BAV 333:335 BAV 333:335 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 1 79 theme balloon 303:309 arg1 valvuloplasty 318:330 balloon aortic valvuloplasty 303:330 balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) 303:336 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 7 80 theme patients 1260:1267 arg1 269 1245:1247 269 1245:1247 269 1245:1247 RESULTS Preclosure was performed in 269 (62.8%) of patients. 23436434 7 80 theme patients 1260:1267 arg1 % 1254:1254 62.8% 1250:1254 62.8% 1250:1254 RESULTS Preclosure was performed in 269 (62.8%) of patients. 23436434 7 80 theme patients 1260:1267 arg1 patients 1260:1267 patients 1260:1267 patients 1260:1267 RESULTS Preclosure was performed in 269 (62.8%) of patients. 23436434 9 81 theme clinical 1552:1559 arg1 features 1577:1584 Other clinical and demographic features 1546:1584 Other clinical and demographic features 1546:1584 Other clinical and demographic features were well balanced between groups. 23436434 0 82 from devices 28:34 arg1 bleeding 56:63 bleeding 56:63 bleeding 56:63 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 0 82 from devices 28:34 arg1 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 NACEs 98:102 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 0 82 from devices 28:34 arg1 events 90:95 net adverse clinical events 69:95 net adverse clinical events (NACEs) 69:103 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 10 83 dep associated 1642:1651 arg1 % 1695:1695 24.5% 1691:1695 24.5% 1691:1695 Vascular closure was associated with a significant reduction in NACE (24.5% vs. 10.0% P < 0.001). 23436434 10 83 dep associated 1642:1651 arg1 % 1705:1705 10.0% 1701:1705 10.0% 1701:1705 Vascular closure was associated with a significant reduction in NACE (24.5% vs. 10.0% P < 0.001). 23436434 8 84 used used 1292:1295 arg2 bivalirudin 1276:1286 bivalirudin 1276:1286 bivalirudin 1276:1286 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 5 85 theme adverse 1066:1072 arg1 events 1083:1088 major adverse clinical events 1060:1088 major adverse clinical events (MACEs) 1060:1096 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 5 85 theme adverse 1066:1072 arg1 MACEs 1091:1095 MACEs 1091:1095 MACEs 1091:1095 NACE was defined as the composite of major bleeding and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). 23436434 9 86 theme demographic 1565:1575 arg1 features 1577:1584 Other clinical and demographic features 1546:1584 Other clinical and demographic features 1546:1584 Other clinical and demographic features were well balanced between groups. 23436434 10 87 dep % 1695:1695 arg1 P 1707:1707 P < 0.001 1707:1715 P < 0.001 1707:1715 Vascular closure was associated with a significant reduction in NACE (24.5% vs. 10.0% P < 0.001). 23436434 0 88 theme vascular 11:18 arg1 devices 28:34 vascular closure devices 11:34 vascular closure devices 11:34 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 8 89 theme = 1411:1411 arg1 P 1409:1409 P = 0.04 1409:1416 P = 0.04 1409:1416 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 3 90 from Effect 541:546 arg1 study 610:614 Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 566:614 Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 566:614 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 0 91 theme devices 28:34 arg1 use 4:6 The use 0:6 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 0:171 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 3 92 theme Intervention 579:590 arg1 BRAVOs 602:607 BRAVOs 602:607 BRAVOs 602:607 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 3 92 theme Intervention 579:590 arg1 Outcomes 592:599 Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes 566:599 Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study 566:614 METHODS The Effect of Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes (BRAVOs) study was a retrospective observational study conducted at two high-volume academic centers over a 6-year period designed to compare the effect of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin. 23436434 0 93 theme impact 40:45 arg1 use 4:6 The use 0:6 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 0:171 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 23436434 1 94 theme net 261:263 arg1 NACEs 290:294 NACEs 290:294 NACEs 290:294 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 1 94 theme net 261:263 arg1 events 282:287 net adverse clinical events 261:287 net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) 261:336 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 1 95 theme aortic 311:316 arg1 BAV 333:335 BAV 333:335 BAV 333:335 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 1 95 theme aortic 311:316 arg1 valvuloplasty 318:330 balloon aortic valvuloplasty 303:330 balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) 303:336 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 4 96 theme manual 949:954 arg1 compression 956:966 manual compression 949:966 manual compression 949:966 This is a subanalysis of 428 consecutive patients who underwent BAV (with 10-13 French sheaths) to compare the effect of hemostasis with VCDs versus manual compression utilizing standardized definitions. 23436434 8 97 theme peripheral 1423:1432 arg1 disease 1443:1449 peripheral vascular disease 1423:1449 peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) 1423:1477 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 97 theme peripheral 1423:1432 arg1 % 1456:1456 30.7% vs. 19.7% 1452:1466 % 1456:1456 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 8 97 theme peripheral 1423:1432 arg1 % 1466:1466 30.7% vs. 19.7% 1452:1466 % 1466:1466 While bivalirudin was used more frequently in those with pre-closure (60.6% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.001), a history of prior BAV (11.1% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.04) and peripheral vascular disease (30.7% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.01) was more common in those not undergoing preclosure (n = 159, 37%). 23436434 10 98 theme significant 1660:1670 arg1 reduction 1672:1680 a significant reduction 1658:1680 a significant reduction in NACE 1658:1688 Vascular closure was associated with a significant reduction in NACE (24.5% vs. 10.0% P < 0.001). 23436434 12 99 theme vascular 1902:1909 arg1 closure 1911:1917 suture-mediated vascular closure 1886:1917 suture-mediated vascular closure 1886:1917 CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that suture-mediated vascular closure is associated with a substantial reduction in NACE after transfemoral BAV. 23436434 1 100 theme clinical 273:280 arg1 NACEs 290:294 NACEs 290:294 NACEs 290:294 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 1 100 theme clinical 273:280 arg1 events 282:287 net adverse clinical events 261:287 net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) 261:336 OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of suture-mediated vascular closure devices (VCDs) on net adverse clinical events (NACEs) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). 23436434 0 101 dep use 4:6 arg1 sub-analysis 140:151 a sub-analysis 138:151 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 0:171 The use of vascular closure devices and impact on major bleeding and net adverse clinical events (NACEs) in balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a sub-analysis of the BRAVO study. 27501776 3 0 with gavage 531:536 arg1 IAP 572:574 IAP 572:574 IAP (40 U/kg/d) 572:586 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 3 0 with gavage 531:536 arg1 U/kg/d 580:585 40 U/kg/d 577:585 40 U/kg/d 577:585 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 3 0 with gavage 531:536 arg1 saline 562:567 phosphate-buffered saline 543:567 phosphate-buffered saline 543:567 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 7 1 theme AP 1027:1028 arg1 activity 1030:1037 decreased AP activity 1017:1037 decreased AP activity 1017:1037 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 1 2 theme intestinal 192:201 arg1 IAP 225:227 IAP 225:227 IAP 225:227 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 1 2 theme intestinal 192:201 arg1 phosphatase 212:222 enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase 181:222 depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) 172:228 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 4 3 theme Real-time 600:608 arg1 reaction 627:634 Real-time polymerase chain reaction 600:634 Real-time polymerase chain reaction 600:634 Real-time polymerase chain reaction, AP activity, and microbiota analysis were performed on intestine. 27501776 0 4 from changes 18:24 arg1 phosphatase 72:82 intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase 29:82 intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase 29:82 Radiation-induced changes in intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: implications for recovery after radiation therapy. 27501776 7 5 theme IAP 1012:1014 arg1 activity 1030:1037 decreased AP activity 1017:1037 decreased AP activity 1017:1037 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 5 theme IAP 1012:1014 arg1 composition 1052:1062 altered composition 1044:1062 altered composition of the intestinal microbiome 1044:1091 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 5 theme IAP 1012:1014 arg1 downregulation 994:1007 downregulation 994:1007 downregulation of IAP 994:1014 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 5 theme IAP 1012:1014 arg1 upregulation 955:966 upregulation 955:966 upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP 955:991 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 1 6 theme alkaline 203:210 arg1 IAP 225:227 IAP 225:227 IAP 225:227 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 1 6 theme alkaline 203:210 arg1 phosphatase 212:222 enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase 181:222 depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) 172:228 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 7 7 theme lower 905:909 arg1 irradiation 920:930 lower hemibody irradiation 905:930 lower hemibody irradiation 905:930 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 0 8 theme radiation 117:125 arg1 therapy 127:133 radiation therapy 117:133 radiation therapy 117:133 Radiation-induced changes in intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: implications for recovery after radiation therapy. 27501776 3 9 dep rats 446:449 arg1 = 454:454 = 454:454 = 454:454 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 2 10 from supplementation 369:383 arg1 AP 422:423 tissue-nonspecific AP 403:423 tissue-nonspecific AP 403:423 We determined whether radiation-induced intestinal injury could be mitigated by oral IAP supplementation and the impact on tissue-nonspecific AP. 27501776 7 11 theme hemibody 911:918 arg1 irradiation 920:930 lower hemibody irradiation 905:930 lower hemibody irradiation 905:930 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 4 12 theme chain 621:625 arg1 reaction 627:634 Real-time polymerase chain reaction 600:634 Real-time polymerase chain reaction 600:634 Real-time polymerase chain reaction, AP activity, and microbiota analysis were performed on intestine. 27501776 8 13 theme improved 1217:1224 arg1 injury 1237:1242 improved histologic injury 1217:1242 improved histologic injury 1217:1242 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 2 14 from impact 393:398 arg1 AP 422:423 tissue-nonspecific AP 403:423 tissue-nonspecific AP 403:423 We determined whether radiation-induced intestinal injury could be mitigated by oral IAP supplementation and the impact on tissue-nonspecific AP. 27501776 2 15 theme tissue-nonspecific 403:420 arg1 AP 422:423 tissue-nonspecific AP 403:423 tissue-nonspecific AP 403:423 We determined whether radiation-induced intestinal injury could be mitigated by oral IAP supplementation and the impact on tissue-nonspecific AP. 27501776 7 16 theme animals 884:890 arg1 Intestine 860:868 RESULTS Intestine 852:868 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals 852:890 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 4 17 theme polymerase 610:619 arg1 reaction 627:634 Real-time polymerase chain reaction 600:634 Real-time polymerase chain reaction 600:634 Real-time polymerase chain reaction, AP activity, and microbiota analysis were performed on intestine. 27501776 8 18 theme Supplemental 1106:1117 arg1 IAP 1119:1121 Supplemental IAP 1106:1121 Supplemental IAP 1106:1121 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 6 19 theme greater 811:817 arg1 P 809:809 P 809:809 P greater than .05 considered significant 809:849 Data were expressed as a mean ± SEM with P greater than .05 considered significant. 27501776 7 20 theme irradiated 873:882 arg1 animals 884:890 irradiated animals 873:890 irradiated animals 873:890 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 1 21 theme phosphatase 212:222 arg1 replacement 157:167 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement 136:167 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) 136:228 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 6 22 with SEM 800:802 arg1 P 809:809 P 809:809 P greater than .05 considered significant 809:849 Data were expressed as a mean ± SEM with P greater than .05 considered significant. 27501776 7 23 theme AP 990:991 arg1 activity 1030:1037 decreased AP activity 1017:1037 decreased AP activity 1017:1037 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 23 theme AP 990:991 arg1 composition 1052:1062 altered composition 1044:1062 altered composition of the intestinal microbiome 1044:1091 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 23 theme AP 990:991 arg1 downregulation 994:1007 downregulation 994:1007 downregulation of IAP 994:1014 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 23 theme AP 990:991 arg1 upregulation 955:966 upregulation 955:966 upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP 955:991 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 2 24 theme intestinal 320:329 arg1 injury 331:336 radiation-induced intestinal injury 302:336 radiation-induced intestinal injury 302:336 We determined whether radiation-induced intestinal injury could be mitigated by oral IAP supplementation and the impact on tissue-nonspecific AP. 27501776 3 25 theme lower 478:482 arg1 irradiation 493:503 lower hemibody irradiation 478:503 lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) 478:511 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 3 25 theme lower 478:482 arg1 13 Gy 506:510 13 Gy 506:510 13 Gy 506:510 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 8 26 theme acute 1255:1259 arg1 inflammation 1272:1283 decreased acute intestinal inflammation 1245:1283 decreased acute intestinal inflammation 1245:1283 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 2 27 theme IAP 365:367 arg1 supplementation 369:383 oral IAP supplementation 360:383 oral IAP supplementation 360:383 We determined whether radiation-induced intestinal injury could be mitigated by oral IAP supplementation and the impact on tissue-nonspecific AP. 27501776 3 28 theme phosphate-buffered 543:560 arg1 saline 562:567 phosphate-buffered saline 543:567 phosphate-buffered saline 543:567 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 0 29 theme Radiation-induced 0:16 arg1 changes 18:24 Radiation-induced changes 0:24 Radiation-induced changes in intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: implications for recovery after radiation therapy. 0:134 Radiation-induced changes in intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: implications for recovery after radiation therapy. 27501776 2 30 theme oral 360:363 arg1 supplementation 369:383 oral IAP supplementation 360:383 oral IAP supplementation 360:383 We determined whether radiation-induced intestinal injury could be mitigated by oral IAP supplementation and the impact on tissue-nonspecific AP. 27501776 7 31 theme RESULTS 852:858 arg1 Intestine 860:868 RESULTS Intestine 852:868 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals 852:890 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 0 32 theme intestinal 29:38 arg1 phosphatase 72:82 intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase 29:82 intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase 29:82 Radiation-induced changes in intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: implications for recovery after radiation therapy. 27501776 6 33 theme ± 798:798 arg1 Data 768:771 Data 768:771 Data 768:771 Data were expressed as a mean ± SEM with P greater than .05 considered significant. 27501776 6 33 theme ± 798:798 arg1 SEM 800:802 a mean ± SEM 791:802 a mean ± SEM with P greater than .05 considered significant 791:849 Data were expressed as a mean ± SEM with P greater than .05 considered significant. 27501776 3 34 theme WAG/RjjCmcr 434:444 arg1 rats 446:449 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats 426:449 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) 426:467 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 7 35 theme intestinal 1071:1080 arg1 microbiome 1082:1091 the intestinal microbiome 1067:1091 the intestinal microbiome 1067:1091 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 1 36 theme intestinal 240:249 arg1 injury 251:256 intestinal injury 240:256 intestinal injury 240:256 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 0 37 theme tissue-nonspecific 44:61 arg1 phosphatase 72:82 intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase 29:82 intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase 29:82 Radiation-induced changes in intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: implications for recovery after radiation therapy. 27501776 3 38 theme daily 525:529 arg1 gavage 531:536 daily gavage 525:536 daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days 525:597 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 3 39 theme hemibody 484:491 arg1 irradiation 493:503 lower hemibody irradiation 478:503 lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) 478:511 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 3 39 theme hemibody 484:491 arg1 13 Gy 506:510 13 Gy 506:510 13 Gy 506:510 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 8 40 theme microbiome 1318:1327 arg1 normalization 1290:1302 normalization 1290:1302 normalization of intestinal microbiome 1290:1327 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 8 40 theme microbiome 1318:1327 arg1 inflammation 1272:1283 decreased acute intestinal inflammation 1245:1283 decreased acute intestinal inflammation 1245:1283 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 8 40 theme microbiome 1318:1327 arg1 injury 1237:1242 improved histologic injury 1217:1242 improved histologic injury 1217:1242 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 3 41 theme METHODS 426:432 arg1 rats 446:449 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats 426:449 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) 426:467 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 6 42 theme mean 793:796 arg1 Data 768:771 Data 768:771 Data 768:771 Data were expressed as a mean ± SEM with P greater than .05 considered significant. 27501776 6 42 theme mean 793:796 arg1 SEM 800:802 a mean ± SEM 791:802 a mean ± SEM with P greater than .05 considered significant 791:849 Data were expressed as a mean ± SEM with P greater than .05 considered significant. 27501776 4 43 theme microbiota 654:663 arg1 analysis 665:672 microbiota analysis 654:672 microbiota analysis 654:672 Real-time polymerase chain reaction, AP activity, and microbiota analysis were performed on intestine. 27501776 8 44 theme histologic 1226:1235 arg1 injury 1237:1242 improved histologic injury 1217:1242 improved histologic injury 1217:1242 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 45 theme microbiome 1082:1091 arg1 activity 1030:1037 decreased AP activity 1017:1037 decreased AP activity 1017:1037 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 45 theme microbiome 1082:1091 arg1 composition 1052:1062 altered composition 1044:1062 altered composition of the intestinal microbiome 1044:1091 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 45 theme microbiome 1082:1091 arg1 downregulation 994:1007 downregulation 994:1007 downregulation of IAP 994:1014 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 45 theme microbiome 1082:1091 arg1 upregulation 955:966 upregulation 955:966 upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP 955:991 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 3 46 dep received 469:476 arg1 followed 513:520 followed 513:520 followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days 513:597 METHODS WAG/RjjCmcr rats (n = 5 per group) received lower hemibody irradiation (13 Gy) followed by daily gavage with phosphate-buffered saline or IAP (40 U/kg/d) for 4 days. 27501776 1 47 theme BACKGROUND 136:145 arg1 replacement 157:167 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement 136:167 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) 136:228 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 0 48 theme alkaline 63:70 arg1 phosphatase 72:82 intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase 29:82 intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase 29:82 Radiation-induced changes in intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: implications for recovery after radiation therapy. 27501776 5 49 theme Lipopolysaccharide 703:720 arg1 analysis 735:742 Lipopolysaccharide and cytokine analysis 703:742 Lipopolysaccharide and cytokine analysis 703:742 Lipopolysaccharide and cytokine analysis was performed on serum. 27501776 1 50 theme Exogenous 147:155 arg1 replacement 157:167 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement 136:167 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) 136:228 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 7 51 theme tissue-nonspecific 971:988 arg1 AP 990:991 tissue-nonspecific AP 971:991 tissue-nonspecific AP 971:991 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 8 52 theme radiation 1182:1190 arg1 syndrome 1192:1199 intestinal radiation syndrome 1171:1199 intestinal radiation syndrome 1171:1199 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 2 53 theme radiation-induced 302:318 arg1 injury 331:336 radiation-induced intestinal injury 302:336 radiation-induced intestinal injury 302:336 We determined whether radiation-induced intestinal injury could be mitigated by oral IAP supplementation and the impact on tissue-nonspecific AP. 27501776 7 54 theme altered 1044:1050 arg1 composition 1052:1062 altered composition 1044:1062 altered composition of the intestinal microbiome 1044:1091 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 5 55 theme cytokine 726:733 arg1 analysis 735:742 Lipopolysaccharide and cytokine analysis 703:742 Lipopolysaccharide and cytokine analysis 703:742 Lipopolysaccharide and cytokine analysis was performed on serum. 27501776 8 56 theme decreased 1245:1253 arg1 inflammation 1272:1283 decreased acute intestinal inflammation 1245:1283 decreased acute intestinal inflammation 1245:1283 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 0 57 dep changes 18:24 arg1 implications 85:96 implications 85:96 Radiation-induced changes in intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: implications for recovery after radiation therapy. 0:134 Radiation-induced changes in intestinal and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: implications for recovery after radiation therapy. 27501776 1 58 theme depleted 172:179 arg1 IAP 225:227 IAP 225:227 IAP 225:227 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 1 58 theme depleted 172:179 arg1 phosphatase 212:222 enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase 181:222 depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) 172:228 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 8 59 theme intestinal 1307:1316 arg1 microbiome 1318:1327 intestinal microbiome 1307:1327 intestinal microbiome 1307:1327 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 1 60 theme colitis 271:277 arg1 models 261:266 models 261:266 models of colitis 261:277 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 8 61 dep IAP 1119:1121 arg1 radiation 1129:1137 radiation 1129:1137 radiation 1129:1137 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 8 62 theme intestinal 1261:1270 arg1 inflammation 1272:1283 decreased acute intestinal inflammation 1245:1283 decreased acute intestinal inflammation 1245:1283 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 7 63 theme decreased 1017:1025 arg1 activity 1030:1037 decreased AP activity 1017:1037 decreased AP activity 1017:1037 RESULTS Intestine of irradiated animals demonstrates lower hemibody irradiation and is associated with upregulation of tissue-nonspecific AP, downregulation of IAP, decreased AP activity, and altered composition of the intestinal microbiome. 27501776 1 64 theme enterocyte 181:190 arg1 IAP 225:227 IAP 225:227 IAP 225:227 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 1 64 theme enterocyte 181:190 arg1 phosphatase 212:222 enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase 181:222 depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) 172:228 BACKGROUND Exogenous replacement of depleted enterocyte intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury in models of colitis. 27501776 8 65 theme intestinal 1171:1180 arg1 syndrome 1192:1199 intestinal radiation syndrome 1171:1199 intestinal radiation syndrome 1171:1199 CONCLUSIONS Supplemental IAP after radiation may be beneficial in mitigating intestinal radiation syndrome as evidenced by improved histologic injury, decreased acute intestinal inflammation, and normalization of intestinal microbiome. 27501776 4 66 theme AP 637:638 arg1 activity 640:647 AP activity 637:647 AP activity 637:647 Real-time polymerase chain reaction, AP activity, and microbiota analysis were performed on intestine. 27221097 2 0 theme spherical 100:108 arg1 actinobacterium 110:124 A novel spherical actinobacterium 92:124 A novel spherical actinobacterium 92:124 A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27221097 6 1 theme predominant 667:677 arg1 MK-7 695:698 MK-7 695:698 MK-7 695:698 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27221097 6 1 theme predominant 667:677 arg1 menaquinone 679:689 The predominant menaquinone 663:689 The predominant menaquinone 663:689 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27221097 7 2 theme mol 797:799 arg1 content 780:786 The DNA G+C content 768:786 The DNA G+C content 768:786 The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. 27221097 7 2 theme mol 797:799 arg1 % 800:800 71.8 mol% 792:800 71.8 mol% 792:800 The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. 27221097 4 3 theme rRNA 464:467 arg1 similarity 483:492 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 460:492 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 448:498 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 2 4 theme novel 94:98 arg1 actinobacterium 110:124 A novel spherical actinobacterium 92:124 A novel spherical actinobacterium 92:124 A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27221097 8 5 theme Kocuria 876:882 arg1 members 855:861 members 855:861 members of the genus Kocuria 855:882 These characteristics were consistent with those of members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 3 6 theme 16S 336:338 arg1 rRNA 340:343 16S rRNA 336:343 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 336:368 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 4 7 theme sequence 474:481 arg1 similarity 483:492 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 460:492 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 448:498 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 8 8 theme genus 870:874 arg1 Kocuria 876:882 the genus Kocuria 866:882 the genus Kocuria 866:882 These characteristics were consistent with those of members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 10 9 theme pelophila 1150:1158 arg1 sp 1160:1161 the name Kocuria pelophila sp 1133:1161 the name Kocuria pelophila sp 1133:1161 Therefore, strain RS-2-3T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria pelophila sp. 27221097 10 10 theme Kocuria 1114:1120 arg1 species 1093:1099 a novel species 1085:1099 a novel species 1085:1099 Therefore, strain RS-2-3T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria pelophila sp. 27221097 3 11 theme rRNA 340:343 arg1 comparison 359:368 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 336:368 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 336:368 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 5 12 theme peptidoglycan 557:569 arg1 A3α 610:612 A3α 610:612 A3α 610:612 The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T was found to be A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5. 27221097 5 12 theme peptidoglycan 557:569 arg1 type 571:574 The peptidoglycan type 553:574 The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T 553:592 The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T was found to be A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5. 27221097 7 13 theme DNA 772:774 arg1 content 780:786 The DNA G+C content 768:786 The DNA G+C content 768:786 The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. 27221097 7 13 theme DNA 772:774 arg1 % 800:800 71.8 mol% 792:800 71.8 mol% 792:800 The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. 27221097 10 14 theme genus 1108:1112 arg1 Kocuria 1114:1120 the genus Kocuria 1104:1120 the genus Kocuria 1104:1120 Therefore, strain RS-2-3T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria pelophila sp. 27221097 3 15 theme Kocuria 439:445 arg1 members 418:424 the members 414:424 the members of the genus Kocuria 414:445 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 2 16 theme taxonomic 240:248 arg1 position 250:257 its taxonomic position 236:257 its taxonomic position 236:257 A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27221097 7 17 theme G+C 776:778 arg1 content 780:786 The DNA G+C content 768:786 The DNA G+C content 768:786 The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. 27221097 7 17 theme G+C 776:778 arg1 % 800:800 71.8 mol% 792:800 71.8 mol% 792:800 The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. 27221097 9 18 theme biochemical 914:924 arg1 characteristics 926:940 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics 885:940 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics 885:940 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain RS-2-3T differed from the species of the genus Kocuria with validly published names. 27221097 4 19 theme 16S 460:462 arg1 similarity 483:492 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 460:492 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 448:498 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 5 20 theme strain 579:584 arg1 RS-2-3T 586:592 strain RS-2-3T 579:592 strain RS-2-3T 579:592 The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T was found to be A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5. 27221097 12 21 theme type 1186:1189 arg1 strain 1191:1196 The type strain 1182:1196 The type strain 1182:1196 The type strain is RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T). 27221097 12 21 theme type 1186:1189 arg1 RS-2-3T 1201:1207 RS-2-3T 1201:1207 RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T) 1201:1235 The type strain is RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T). 27221097 0 22 theme pelophila 8:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Kocuria pelophila sp 0:19 Kocuria pelophila sp. 0:20 Kocuria pelophila sp. 27221097 4 23 theme highest 452:458 arg1 value 494:498 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 448:498 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 448:498 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 5 24 theme RS-2-3T 586:592 arg1 A3α 610:612 A3α 610:612 A3α 610:612 The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T was found to be A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5. 27221097 5 24 theme RS-2-3T 586:592 arg1 type 571:574 The peptidoglycan type 553:574 The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T 553:592 The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T was found to be A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5. 27221097 6 25 theme fatty 718:722 arg1 anteiso-C15  735:746 anteiso-C15  735:746 anteiso-C15  735:746 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27221097 6 25 theme fatty 718:722 arg1 acids 724:728 the major fatty acids 708:728 the major fatty acids 708:728 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27221097 2 26 theme polyphasic 284:293 arg1 approach 295:302 a polyphasic approach 282:302 a polyphasic approach 282:302 A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27221097 9 27 theme genus 1004:1008 arg1 Kocuria 1010:1016 the genus Kocuria 1000:1016 the genus Kocuria 1000:1016 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain RS-2-3T differed from the species of the genus Kocuria with validly published names. 27221097 0 28 theme Kocuria 0:6 arg1 sp 18:19 Kocuria pelophila sp 0:19 Kocuria pelophila sp. 0:20 Kocuria pelophila sp. 27221097 4 29 theme marina 526:531 arg1 % 549:549 97.0 % 544:549 97.0 % 544:549 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 4 29 theme marina 526:531 arg1 3905T 537:541 Kocuria marina KMM 3905T 518:541 Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %) 518:550 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 6 30 theme major 712:716 arg1 anteiso-C15  735:746 anteiso-C15  735:746 anteiso-C15  735:746 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27221097 6 30 theme major 712:716 arg1 acids 724:728 the major fatty acids 708:728 the major fatty acids 708:728 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27221097 6 31 dep anteiso-C15  735:746 arg1  0 764:765  0 764:765  0 764:765 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27221097 6 31 dep anteiso-C15  735:746 arg1 iso-C15  755:762 iso-C15  755:762 iso-C15  755:762 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27221097 6 31 dep anteiso-C15  735:746 arg1  0 748:749  0 748:749  0 748:749 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27221097 3 32 theme gene 345:348 arg1 comparison 359:368 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 336:368 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 336:368 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 4 33 theme Kocuria 518:524 arg1 % 549:549 97.0 % 544:549 97.0 % 544:549 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 4 33 theme Kocuria 518:524 arg1 3905T 537:541 Kocuria marina KMM 3905T 518:541 Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %) 518:550 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 12 34 theme 110990T=InaCC 1216:1228 arg1 A704T 1230:1234 =NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T 1210:1234 =NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T 1210:1234 The type strain is RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T). 27221097 12 34 theme 110990T=InaCC 1216:1228 arg1 RS-2-3T 1201:1207 RS-2-3T 1201:1207 RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T) 1201:1235 The type strain is RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T). 27221097 1 35 theme mangrove 82:89 arg1 rhizosphere 65:75 the rhizosphere 61:75 the rhizosphere of a mangrove 61:89 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove. 27221097 3 36 theme genus 433:437 arg1 Kocuria 439:445 the genus Kocuria 429:445 the genus Kocuria 429:445 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 3 37 theme sequence 350:357 arg1 comparison 359:368 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 336:368 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 336:368 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 1 38 dep actinobacterium 31:45 arg1 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove. 27221097 4 39 theme KMM 533:535 arg1 % 549:549 97.0 % 544:549 97.0 % 544:549 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 4 39 theme KMM 533:535 arg1 3905T 537:541 Kocuria marina KMM 3905T 518:541 Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %) 518:550 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 8 40 with consistent 830:839 arg1 those 846:850 those 846:850 those 846:850 These characteristics were consistent with those of members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 9 41 theme published 1031:1039 arg1 names 1041:1045 validly published names 1023:1045 validly published names 1023:1045 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain RS-2-3T differed from the species of the genus Kocuria with validly published names. 27221097 9 42 theme physiological 896:908 arg1 characteristics 926:940 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics 885:940 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics 885:940 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain RS-2-3T differed from the species of the genus Kocuria with validly published names. 27221097 2 43 theme Rambut 206:211 arg1 Indonesia 221:229 Indonesia 221:229 Indonesia 221:229 A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27221097 2 43 theme Rambut 206:211 arg1 Island 213:218 Rambut Island 206:218 Rambut Island 206:218 A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27221097 4 44 theme similarity 483:492 arg1 value 494:498 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 448:498 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 448:498 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 2 45 attach isolated 151:158 arg2 actinobacterium 110:124 A novel spherical actinobacterium 92:124 A novel spherical actinobacterium 92:124 A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27221097 2 45 attach isolated 151:158 arg1 rhizosphere 169:179 the rhizosphere 165:179 the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia 165:229 A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27221097 1 46 attach isolated 47:54 arg2 actinobacterium 31:45 an actinobacterium 28:45 an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove 28:89 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove. 27221097 1 46 attach isolated 47:54 arg1 rhizosphere 65:75 the rhizosphere 61:75 the rhizosphere of a mangrove 61:89 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove. 27221097 3 47 theme strain 384:389 arg1 RS-2-3T 391:397 strain RS-2-3T 384:397 strain RS-2-3T 384:397 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 2 48 theme mangrove 186:193 arg1 rhizosphere 169:179 the rhizosphere 165:179 the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia 165:229 A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27221097 10 49 theme Kocuria 1142:1148 arg1 sp 1160:1161 the name Kocuria pelophila sp 1133:1161 the name Kocuria pelophila sp 1133:1161 Therefore, strain RS-2-3T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria pelophila sp. 27221097 10 50 theme strain 1059:1064 arg1 RS-2-3T 1066:1072 strain RS-2-3T 1059:1072 strain RS-2-3T 1059:1072 Therefore, strain RS-2-3T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria pelophila sp. 27221097 5 51 theme interpeptide 622:633 arg1 bridge 635:640 an interpeptide bridge 619:640 an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5 619:660 The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T was found to be A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5. 27221097 12 52 theme =NBRC 1210:1214 arg1 A704T 1230:1234 =NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T 1210:1234 =NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T 1210:1234 The type strain is RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T). 27221097 12 52 theme =NBRC 1210:1214 arg1 RS-2-3T 1201:1207 RS-2-3T 1201:1207 RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T) 1201:1235 The type strain is RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T). 27221097 9 53 theme Kocuria 1010:1016 arg1 species 989:995 the species 985:995 the species of the genus Kocuria 985:1016 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain RS-2-3T differed from the species of the genus Kocuria with validly published names. 27221097 10 54 theme name 1137:1140 arg1 sp 1160:1161 the name Kocuria pelophila sp 1133:1161 the name Kocuria pelophila sp 1133:1161 Therefore, strain RS-2-3T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria pelophila sp. 27221097 3 55 theme Phylogenetic 305:316 arg1 analysis 318:325 Phylogenetic analysis 305:325 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 305:368 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. 27221097 9 56 theme strain 956:961 arg1 RS-2-3T 963:969 strain RS-2-3T 956:969 strain RS-2-3T 956:969 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain RS-2-3T differed from the species of the genus Kocuria with validly published names. 27221097 4 57 theme gene 469:472 arg1 similarity 483:492 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 460:492 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 448:498 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). 27221097 9 58 theme Meanwhile 885:893 arg1 characteristics 926:940 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics 885:940 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics 885:940 Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain RS-2-3T differed from the species of the genus Kocuria with validly published names. 27221097 5 59 with A3α 610:612 arg1 bridge 635:640 an interpeptide bridge 619:640 an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5 619:660 The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T was found to be A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5. 27221097 10 60 theme novel 1087:1091 arg1 species 1093:1099 a novel species 1085:1099 a novel species 1085:1099 Therefore, strain RS-2-3T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria pelophila sp. 27129367 3 0 theme Paenibacillus 293:305 arg1 genus 287:291 the genus 283:291 the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours 283:533 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 2 1 dep Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 rod-shaped 107:116 rod-shaped 107:116 rod-shaped 107:116 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain E3T, was isolated from groundnut seeds. 27129367 2 1 dep Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 anaerobic 133:141 anaerobic 133:141 anaerobic 133:141 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain E3T, was isolated from groundnut seeds. 27129367 2 1 dep Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 endospore-forming 88:104 endospore-forming 88:104 endospore-forming 88:104 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain E3T, was isolated from groundnut seeds. 27129367 10 2 theme chemotaxonomic 1419:1432 arg1 analysis 1448:1455 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis 1391:1455 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis 1391:1455 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 12 3 theme type 1593:1596 arg1 E3T 1608:1610 E3T 1608:1610 E3T (=KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T) 1608:1636 The type strain is E3T (=KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T). 27129367 12 3 theme type 1593:1596 arg1 strain 1598:1603 The type strain 1589:1603 The type strain 1589:1603 The type strain is E3T (=KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T). 27129367 9 4 theme diamino 1330:1336 arg1 acid 1338:1341 the diagnostic diamino acid 1315:1341 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1315:1372 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 9 4 theme diamino 1330:1336 arg1 acid 1307:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 5 5 theme ACC 714:716 arg1 activity 729:736 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity 679:736 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity 679:736 Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. 27129367 10 6 theme novel 1482:1486 arg1 species 1488:1494 a novel species 1480:1494 a novel species 1480:1494 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 8 7 theme cellular 1144:1151 arg1 anteiso-C15  1108:1119 anteiso-C15  1108:1119 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 1108:1270 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 7 theme cellular 1144:1151 arg1  0 1121:1122  0 1121:1122  0 1121:1122 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 7 theme cellular 1144:1151 arg1 acid 1159:1162 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1128:1162 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1128:1162 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 5 8 theme Strain 583:588 arg1 E3T 590:592 Strain E3T 583:592 Strain E3T 583:592 Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. 27129367 1 9 theme groundnut 48:56 arg1 seeds 58:62 groundnut seeds 48:62 groundnut seeds 48:62 nov., isolated from groundnut seeds. 27129367 10 10 dep analysis 1448:1455 arg1 basis 1382:1386 basis 1382:1386 basis 1382:1386 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 10 10 dep analysis 1448:1455 arg1 the 1378:1380 the 1378:1380 the 1378:1380 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 4 11 theme DNA 540:542 arg1 content 548:554 The DNA G+C content 536:554 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T 536:568 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T was 53 mol%. 27129367 4 11 theme DNA 540:542 arg1 % 580:580 53 mol% 574:580 53 mol% 574:580 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T was 53 mol%. 27129367 8 12 theme predominant 1132:1142 arg1 anteiso-C15  1108:1119 anteiso-C15  1108:1119 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 1108:1270 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 12 theme predominant 1132:1142 arg1  0 1121:1122  0 1121:1122  0 1121:1122 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 12 theme predominant 1132:1142 arg1 acid 1159:1162 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1128:1162 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1128:1162 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 6 13 theme Strain 830:835 arg1 E3T 837:839 Strain E3T 830:839 Strain E3T 830:839 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 8 14 dep anteiso-C15  1108:1119 arg1  0 1268:1269  0 1268:1269 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 1108:1270 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 14 dep anteiso-C15  1108:1119 arg1  1ω9c 1249:1253  1ω9c 1249:1253  1ω9c 1249:1253 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 14 dep anteiso-C15  1108:1119 arg1 iso-C14  1259:1266 iso-C14  1259:1266 iso-C14  1259:1266 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 14 dep anteiso-C15  1108:1119 arg1  0 1205:1206  0 1205:1206  0 1205:1206 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 14 dep anteiso-C15  1108:1119 arg1 C16  1209:1212 C16  1209:1212 C16  1209:1212 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 15 theme significant 1169:1179 arg1 proportions 1181:1191 significant proportions 1169:1191 significant proportions of iso-C16  1169:1203 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 5 16 theme chitinase 657:665 arg1 production 667:676 chitinase production 657:676 chitinase production 657:676 Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. 27129367 3 17 theme gene 237:240 arg1 analysis 251:258 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 224:258 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 224:258 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 5 18 theme HCN 739:741 arg1 production 743:752 HCN production 739:752 HCN production 739:752 Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. 27129367 3 19 theme Paenibacillus 404:416 arg1 C/2T 427:430 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T 404:430 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) 404:439 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 19 theme Paenibacillus 404:416 arg1 % 438:438 95.7 % 433:438 95.7 % 433:438 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 8 20 theme fatty 1153:1157 arg1 anteiso-C15  1108:1119 anteiso-C15  1108:1119 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 1108:1270 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 20 theme fatty 1153:1157 arg1  0 1121:1122  0 1121:1122  0 1121:1122 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 8 20 theme fatty 1153:1157 arg1 acid 1159:1162 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1128:1162 the predominant cellular fatty acid 1128:1162 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 3 21 theme sequence 242:249 arg1 analysis 251:258 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 224:258 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 224:258 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 8 22 with acid 1159:1162 arg1 proportions 1181:1191 significant proportions 1169:1191 significant proportions of iso-C16  1169:1203 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 0 23 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 24:25 Paenibacillus arachidis sp 0:25 Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 0:26 Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 3 24 theme mendelii 418:425 arg1 C/2T 427:430 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T 404:430 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) 404:439 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 24 theme mendelii 418:425 arg1 % 438:438 95.7 % 433:438 95.7 % 433:438 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 0 25 theme arachidis 14:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Paenibacillus arachidis sp 0:25 Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 0:26 Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 10 26 theme strain 1458:1463 arg1 E3T 1465:1467 strain E3T 1458:1467 strain E3T 1458:1467 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 3 27 theme 16S 228:230 arg1 analysis 251:258 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 224:258 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 224:258 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 28 theme closest 503:509 arg1 neighbours 524:533 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 499:533 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 499:533 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 2 29 attach isolated 184:191 arg2 bacterium 143:151 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 65:151 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 65:151 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain E3T, was isolated from groundnut seeds. 27129367 2 29 attach isolated 184:191 arg1 seeds 208:212 groundnut seeds 198:212 groundnut seeds 198:212 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain E3T, was isolated from groundnut seeds. 27129367 3 30 theme xanthinilyticus 371:385 arg1 11N27T 387:392 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T 357:392 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %) 357:401 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 30 theme xanthinilyticus 371:385 arg1 % 400:400 95.7 % 395:400 95.7 % 395:400 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 31 theme rRNA 232:235 arg1 analysis 251:258 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 224:258 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 224:258 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 32 theme phylogenetic 511:522 arg1 neighbours 524:533 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 499:533 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 499:533 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 7 33 contain had 1036:1038 arg2 deplopterol 1052:1062 deplopterol 1052:1062 deplopterol 1052:1062 Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. 27129367 7 33 contain had 1036:1038 arg2 hopanoids 1097:1105 major hopanoids 1091:1105 major hopanoids 1091:1105 Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. 27129367 7 33 contain had 1036:1038 arg2 diploptene 1040:1049 diploptene 1040:1049 diploptene 1040:1049 Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. 27129367 7 33 contain had 1036:1038 arg1 E3T 1032:1034 Strain E3T 1025:1034 Strain E3T 1025:1034 Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. 27129367 7 33 contain had 1036:1038 arg2 bacteriohopaneterol 1068:1086 bacteriohopaneterol 1068:1086 bacteriohopaneterol 1068:1086 Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. 27129367 10 34 theme arachidis 1557:1565 arg1 sp 1567:1568 the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp 1534:1568 the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp 1534:1568 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 10 35 theme Paenibacillus 1509:1521 arg1 genus 1503:1507 the genus Paenibacillus 1499:1521 the genus Paenibacillus 1499:1521 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 3 36 theme strain 261:266 arg1 E3T 268:270 strain E3T 261:270 strain E3T 261:270 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 9 37 theme cell-wall 1350:1358 arg1 peptidoglycan 1360:1372 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1346:1372 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1346:1372 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 9 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1287:1305 arg1 acid 1338:1341 the diagnostic diamino acid 1315:1341 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1315:1372 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 9 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1287:1305 arg1 acid 1307:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 5 39 theme siderophore 755:765 arg1 production 767:776 siderophore production 755:776 siderophore production 755:776 Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. 27129367 8 40 dep C16  1209:1212 arg1 C18  1244:1247 C18  1244:1247 C18  1244:1247 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 4 41 theme E3T 566:568 arg1 content 548:554 The DNA G+C content 536:554 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T 536:568 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T was 53 mol%. 27129367 4 41 theme E3T 566:568 arg1 % 580:580 53 mol% 574:580 53 mol% 574:580 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T was 53 mol%. 27129367 10 42 theme Paenibacillus 1543:1555 arg1 sp 1567:1568 the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp 1534:1568 the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp 1534:1568 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 10 43 theme biochemical 1406:1416 arg1 analysis 1448:1455 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis 1391:1455 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis 1391:1455 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 5 44 theme biofilm 779:785 arg1 formation 787:795 biofilm formation 779:795 biofilm formation 779:795 Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. 27129367 12 45 theme 33574T=LMG 1619:1628 arg1 E3T 1608:1610 E3T 1608:1610 E3T (=KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T) 1608:1636 The type strain is E3T (=KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T). 27129367 12 45 theme 33574T=LMG 1619:1628 arg1 28417T 1630:1635 =KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T 1613:1635 =KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T 1613:1635 The type strain is E3T (=KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T). 27129367 4 46 theme mol 577:579 arg1 content 548:554 The DNA G+C content 536:554 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T 536:568 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T was 53 mol%. 27129367 4 46 theme mol 577:579 arg1 % 580:580 53 mol% 574:580 53 mol% 574:580 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T was 53 mol%. 27129367 5 47 theme deaminase 719:727 arg1 activity 729:736 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity 679:736 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity 679:736 Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. 27129367 9 48 theme Strain 1272:1277 arg1 E3T 1279:1281 Strain E3T 1272:1281 Strain E3T 1272:1281 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 8 49 theme iso-C16  1196:1203 arg1 proportions 1181:1191 significant proportions 1169:1191 significant proportions of iso-C16  1169:1203 anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. 27129367 6 50 theme unidentified 988:999 arg1 lipids 1001:1006 two unidentified lipids 984:1006 two unidentified lipids as polar lipids 984:1022 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 6 51 theme polar 1011:1015 arg1 lipids 1017:1022 polar lipids 1011:1022 polar lipids 1011:1022 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 2 52 theme strain 168:173 arg1 E3T 175:177 strain E3T 168:177 strain E3T 168:177 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain E3T, was isolated from groundnut seeds. 27129367 3 53 theme other 445:449 arg1 members 451:457 other members 445:457 other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours 445:533 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 9 54 from acid 1338:1341 arg1 peptidoglycan 1360:1372 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1346:1372 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1346:1372 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 7 55 theme Strain 1025:1030 arg1 E3T 1032:1034 Strain E3T 1025:1034 Strain E3T 1025:1034 Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. 27129367 7 56 theme major 1091:1095 arg1 bacteriohopaneterol 1068:1086 bacteriohopaneterol 1068:1086 bacteriohopaneterol 1068:1086 Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. 27129367 7 56 theme major 1091:1095 arg1 hopanoids 1097:1105 major hopanoids 1091:1105 major hopanoids 1091:1105 Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. 27129367 7 56 theme major 1091:1095 arg1 deplopterol 1052:1062 deplopterol 1052:1062 deplopterol 1052:1062 Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. 27129367 7 56 theme major 1091:1095 arg1 diploptene 1040:1049 diploptene 1040:1049 diploptene 1040:1049 Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. 27129367 12 57 theme =KCTC 1613:1617 arg1 E3T 1608:1610 E3T 1608:1610 E3T (=KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T) 1608:1636 The type strain is E3T (=KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T). 27129367 12 57 theme =KCTC 1613:1617 arg1 28417T 1630:1635 =KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T 1613:1635 =KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T 1613:1635 The type strain is E3T (=KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T). 27129367 2 58 theme Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 bacterium 143:151 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 65:151 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 65:151 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain E3T, was isolated from groundnut seeds. 27129367 10 59 theme molecular 1438:1446 arg1 analysis 1448:1455 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis 1391:1455 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis 1391:1455 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 2 60 theme groundnut 198:206 arg1 seeds 208:212 groundnut seeds 198:212 groundnut seeds 198:212 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain E3T, was isolated from groundnut seeds. 27129367 3 61 with Paenibacillus 293:305 arg1 S3-4AT 340:345 Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT 312:345 Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %) 312:354 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 61 with Paenibacillus 293:305 arg1 11N27T 387:392 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T 357:392 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %) 357:401 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 61 with Paenibacillus 293:305 arg1 % 353:353 96.0 % 348:353 96.0 % 348:353 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 61 with Paenibacillus 293:305 arg1 members 451:457 other members 445:457 other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours 445:533 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 61 with Paenibacillus 293:305 arg1 C/2T 427:430 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T 404:430 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) 404:439 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 61 with Paenibacillus 293:305 arg1 % 400:400 95.7 % 395:400 95.7 % 395:400 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 61 with Paenibacillus 293:305 arg1 % 438:438 95.7 % 433:438 95.7 % 433:438 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 5 62 theme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate 679:711 arg1 activity 729:736 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity 679:736 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity 679:736 Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. 27129367 6 63 theme unidentified 955:966 arg1 aminolipids 968:978 two unidentified aminolipids 951:978 two unidentified aminolipids 951:978 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 6 63 theme unidentified 955:966 arg1 aminophospholipid 932:948 aminophospholipid 932:948 aminophospholipid 932:948 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 5 64 theme gelatin 611:617 arg1 hydrolysis 619:628 gelatin hydrolysis 611:628 gelatin hydrolysis 611:628 Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. 27129367 10 65 theme physiological 1391:1403 arg1 analysis 1448:1455 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis 1391:1455 physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis 1391:1455 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 3 66 theme Paenibacillus 472:484 arg1 S3-4AT 340:345 Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT 312:345 Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %) 312:354 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 66 theme Paenibacillus 472:484 arg1 11N27T 387:392 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T 357:392 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %) 357:401 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 66 theme Paenibacillus 472:484 arg1 % 353:353 96.0 % 348:353 96.0 % 348:353 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 66 theme Paenibacillus 472:484 arg1 members 451:457 other members 445:457 other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours 445:533 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 66 theme Paenibacillus 472:484 arg1 C/2T 427:430 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T 404:430 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) 404:439 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 66 theme Paenibacillus 472:484 arg1 % 400:400 95.7 % 395:400 95.7 % 395:400 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 66 theme Paenibacillus 472:484 arg1 % 438:438 95.7 % 433:438 95.7 % 433:438 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 4 67 theme G+C 544:546 arg1 content 548:554 The DNA G+C content 536:554 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T 536:568 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T was 53 mol%. 27129367 4 67 theme G+C 544:546 arg1 % 580:580 53 mol% 574:580 53 mol% 574:580 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T was 53 mol%. 27129367 3 68 theme Paenibacillus 312:324 arg1 S3-4AT 340:345 Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT 312:345 Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %) 312:354 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 68 theme Paenibacillus 312:324 arg1 % 353:353 96.0 % 348:353 96.0 % 348:353 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 9 69 contain had 1283:1285 arg1 E3T 1279:1281 Strain E3T 1272:1281 Strain E3T 1272:1281 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 9 69 contain had 1283:1285 arg2 acid 1338:1341 the diagnostic diamino acid 1315:1341 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1315:1372 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 9 69 contain had 1283:1285 arg2 acid 1307:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 5 70 theme starch 811:816 arg1 hydrolysis 818:827 starch hydrolysis 811:827 starch hydrolysis 811:827 Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. 27129367 6 71 contain had 841:843 arg2 lipids 1001:1006 two unidentified lipids 984:1006 two unidentified lipids as polar lipids 984:1022 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 6 71 contain had 841:843 arg2 diphosphotidylglycerol 871:892 diphosphotidylglycerol 871:892 diphosphotidylglycerol 871:892 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 6 71 contain had 841:843 arg2 phosphatidylcholine 895:913 phosphatidylcholine 895:913 phosphatidylcholine 895:913 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 6 71 contain had 841:843 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 845:868 phosphatidylethanolamine 845:868 phosphatidylethanolamine 845:868 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 6 71 contain had 841:843 arg2 aminolipids 968:978 two unidentified aminolipids 951:978 two unidentified aminolipids 951:978 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 6 71 contain had 841:843 arg2 aminophospholipid 932:948 aminophospholipid 932:948 aminophospholipid 932:948 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 6 71 contain had 841:843 arg1 E3T 837:839 Strain E3T 830:839 Strain E3T 830:839 Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. 27129367 4 72 theme strain 559:564 arg1 E3T 566:568 strain E3T 559:568 strain E3T 559:568 The DNA G+C content of strain E3T was 53 mol%. 27129367 3 73 theme thailandensis 326:338 arg1 S3-4AT 340:345 Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT 312:345 Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %) 312:354 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 73 theme thailandensis 326:338 arg1 % 353:353 96.0 % 348:353 96.0 % 348:353 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 10 74 theme genus 1503:1507 arg1 species 1488:1494 a novel species 1480:1494 a novel species 1480:1494 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 3 75 theme Paenibacillus 357:369 arg1 11N27T 387:392 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T 357:392 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %) 357:401 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 3 75 theme Paenibacillus 357:369 arg1 % 400:400 95.7 % 395:400 95.7 % 395:400 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. 27129367 10 76 theme name 1538:1541 arg1 sp 1567:1568 the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp 1534:1568 the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp 1534:1568 On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. 27129367 9 77 theme diagnostic 1319:1328 arg1 acid 1338:1341 the diagnostic diamino acid 1315:1341 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1315:1372 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27129367 9 77 theme diagnostic 1319:1328 arg1 acid 1307:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26869452 2 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 104:122 arg1 bacterium 124:132 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 102:132 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 102:132 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated T14T, was isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae and was subjected to a taxonomic study. 26869452 8 1 theme major 904:908 arg1 aminolipid 928:937 aminolipid 928:937 aminolipid 928:937 The major polar lipids were aminolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphoglycolipid and unidentified glycolipids. 26869452 8 1 theme major 904:908 arg1 lipids 916:921 The major polar lipids 900:921 The major polar lipids 900:921 The major polar lipids were aminolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphoglycolipid and unidentified glycolipids. 26869452 7 2 theme fatty 815:819 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 832:844 anteiso-C15:0 832:844 anteiso-C15:0 832:844 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.3%), iso-C16:0 (16.4%) and anteiso-C17:0 (16.8%). 26869452 7 2 theme fatty 815:819 arg1 acids 821:825 The predominant cellular fatty acids 790:825 The predominant cellular fatty acids 790:825 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.3%), iso-C16:0 (16.4%) and anteiso-C17:0 (16.8%). 26869452 10 3 theme novel 1281:1285 arg1 species 1287:1293 a novel species 1279:1293 a novel species of the genus Leucobacter 1279:1318 Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, strain T14T can be clearly distinguished from all of the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 6 4 theme 69.3 mol 706:713 arg1 % 714:714 69.3 mol% 706:714 69.3 mol% 706:714 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 6 4 theme 69.3 mol 706:713 arg1 content 679:685 The DNA G+C content 667:685 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T 667:700 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 4 5 theme sequence 381:388 arg1 comparison 390:399 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 367:399 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 367:399 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that the isolate is related to the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 10 6 theme phenotypic 1127:1136 arg1 results 1138:1144 these phylogenetic and phenotypic results 1104:1144 these phylogenetic and phenotypic results 1104:1144 Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, strain T14T can be clearly distinguished from all of the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 4 7 theme gene 376:379 arg1 comparison 390:399 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 367:399 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 367:399 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that the isolate is related to the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 7 8 theme predominant 794:804 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 832:844 anteiso-C15:0 832:844 anteiso-C15:0 832:844 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.3%), iso-C16:0 (16.4%) and anteiso-C17:0 (16.8%). 26869452 7 8 theme predominant 794:804 arg1 acids 821:825 The predominant cellular fatty acids 790:825 The predominant cellular fatty acids 790:825 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.3%), iso-C16:0 (16.4%) and anteiso-C17:0 (16.8%). 26869452 9 9 theme respiratory 1064:1074 arg1 quinone 1076:1082 The predominant respiratory quinone 1048:1082 The predominant respiratory quinone 1048:1082 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-11. 26869452 9 9 theme respiratory 1064:1074 arg1 MK-11 1088:1092 MK-11 1088:1092 MK-11 1088:1092 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-11. 26869452 8 10 theme polar 910:914 arg1 aminolipid 928:937 aminolipid 928:937 aminolipid 928:937 The major polar lipids were aminolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphoglycolipid and unidentified glycolipids. 26869452 8 10 theme polar 910:914 arg1 lipids 916:921 The major polar lipids 900:921 The major polar lipids 900:921 The major polar lipids were aminolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphoglycolipid and unidentified glycolipids. 26869452 6 11 theme DNA-DNA 721:727 arg1 values 743:748 DNA-DNA hybridization values 721:748 DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains 721:777 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 10 12 theme recognized 1204:1213 arg1 species 1215:1221 the recognized species 1200:1221 the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter 1200:1246 Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, strain T14T can be clearly distinguished from all of the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 10 13 theme phylogenetic 1110:1121 arg1 results 1138:1144 these phylogenetic and phenotypic results 1104:1144 these phylogenetic and phenotypic results 1104:1144 Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, strain T14T can be clearly distinguished from all of the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 9 14 theme predominant 1052:1062 arg1 quinone 1076:1082 The predominant respiratory quinone 1048:1082 The predominant respiratory quinone 1048:1082 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-11. 26869452 9 14 theme predominant 1052:1062 arg1 MK-11 1088:1092 MK-11 1088:1092 MK-11 1088:1092 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-11. 26869452 5 15 theme % 549:549 arg1 similarity 574:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 15 theme % 549:549 arg1 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 11 16 theme Leucobacter 1330:1340 arg1 sp 1355:1356 The name Leucobacter holotrichiae sp 1321:1356 The name Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. 1321:1357 The name Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. 26869452 5 17 theme 16S 551:553 arg1 similarity 574:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 17 theme 16S 551:553 arg1 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 18 theme type 497:500 arg1 strains 502:508 the type strains 493:508 the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' 493:536 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 18 theme type 497:500 arg1 neighbours 477:486 Its closest neighbours 465:486 Its closest neighbours 465:486 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 6 19 theme hybridization 729:741 arg1 values 743:748 DNA-DNA hybridization values 721:748 DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains 721:777 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 4 20 theme rRNA 371:374 arg1 comparison 390:399 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 367:399 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 367:399 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that the isolate is related to the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 1 21 theme Holotrichia 75:85 arg1 larvae 94:99 Holotrichia oblita larvae 75:99 Holotrichia oblita larvae 75:99 nov., isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae. 26869452 10 22 theme genus 1230:1234 arg1 Leucobacter 1236:1246 the genus Leucobacter 1226:1246 the genus Leucobacter 1226:1246 Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, strain T14T can be clearly distinguished from all of the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 0 23 theme holotrichiae 27:38 arg1 sp 40:41 Leucobacter holotrichiae sp 15:41 Leucobacter holotrichiae sp 15:41 Description of Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. 26869452 5 24 theme rRNA 555:558 arg1 similarity 574:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 24 theme rRNA 555:558 arg1 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 4 25 theme 16S 367:369 arg1 rRNA 371:374 16S rRNA 367:374 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 367:399 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that the isolate is related to the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 1 26 theme oblita 87:92 arg1 larvae 94:99 Holotrichia oblita larvae 75:99 Holotrichia oblita larvae 75:99 nov., isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae. 26869452 5 27 theme sequence 565:572 arg1 similarity 574:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 27 theme sequence 565:572 arg1 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 0 28 theme Leucobacter 15:25 arg1 sp 40:41 Leucobacter holotrichiae sp 15:41 Leucobacter holotrichiae sp 15:41 Description of Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. 26869452 10 29 theme genus 1302:1306 arg1 Leucobacter 1308:1318 the genus Leucobacter 1298:1318 the genus Leucobacter 1298:1318 Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, strain T14T can be clearly distinguished from all of the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 1 30 theme larvae 94:99 arg1 gut 68:70 the gut 64:70 the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae 64:99 nov., isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae. 26869452 5 31 dep strains 502:508 arg1 NAL101T 605:611 NAL101T 605:611 NAL101T 605:611 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 31 dep strains 502:508 arg1 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 31 dep strains 502:508 arg1 kyeonggiensis 523:535 kyeonggiensis 523:535 kyeonggiensis 523:535 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 31 dep strains 502:508 arg1 % 618:618 96.2% 614:618 96.2% 614:618 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 31 dep strains 502:508 arg1 similarity 574:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 12 32 theme strain 1391:1396 arg1 30245T 1420:1425 =DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T 1404:1425 =DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T 1404:1425 nov. is proposed, with the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T). 26869452 12 32 theme strain 1391:1396 arg1 T14T 1398:1401 the type strain T14T 1382:1401 the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T) 1382:1426 nov. is proposed, with the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T). 26869452 5 33 theme closest 469:475 arg1 strains 502:508 the type strains 493:508 the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' 493:536 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 33 theme closest 469:475 arg1 neighbours 477:486 Its closest neighbours 465:486 Its closest neighbours 465:486 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 0 34 theme sp 40:41 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. 0:42 Description of Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. 26869452 4 35 theme genus 446:450 arg1 Leucobacter 452:462 the genus Leucobacter 442:462 the genus Leucobacter 442:462 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that the isolate is related to the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 6 36 with values 743:748 arg1 strains 771:777 closely related strains 755:777 closely related strains 755:777 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 6 37 theme T14T 697:700 arg1 % 714:714 69.3 mol% 706:714 69.3 mol% 706:714 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 6 37 theme T14T 697:700 arg1 content 679:685 The DNA G+C content 667:685 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T 667:700 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 2 38 attach isolated 156:163 arg2 bacterium 124:132 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 102:132 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 102:132 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated T14T, was isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae and was subjected to a taxonomic study. 26869452 2 38 attach isolated 156:163 arg1 gut 174:176 the gut 170:176 the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae 170:205 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated T14T, was isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae and was subjected to a taxonomic study. 26869452 5 39 theme Leucobacter 625:635 arg1 19883T 651:656 Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T 625:656 Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%) 625:664 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 39 theme Leucobacter 625:635 arg1 % 663:663 95.5% 659:663 95.5% 659:663 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 12 40 theme =DSM 1404:1407 arg1 30245T 1420:1425 =DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T 1404:1425 =DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T 1404:1425 nov. is proposed, with the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T). 26869452 12 40 theme =DSM 1404:1407 arg1 T14T 1398:1401 the type strain T14T 1382:1401 the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T) 1382:1426 nov. is proposed, with the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T). 26869452 6 41 theme strain 690:695 arg1 T14T 697:700 strain T14T 690:700 strain T14T 690:700 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 6 42 theme related 763:769 arg1 strains 771:777 closely related strains 755:777 closely related strains 755:777 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 5 43 theme chironomi 637:645 arg1 19883T 651:656 Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T 625:656 Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%) 625:664 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 43 theme chironomi 637:645 arg1 % 663:663 95.5% 659:663 95.5% 659:663 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 2 44 theme oblita 193:198 arg1 larvae 200:205 Holotrichia oblita larvae 181:205 Holotrichia oblita larvae 181:205 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated T14T, was isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae and was subjected to a taxonomic study. 26869452 2 45 theme larvae 200:205 arg1 gut 174:176 the gut 170:176 the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae 170:205 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated T14T, was isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae and was subjected to a taxonomic study. 26869452 12 46 theme 28968T=JCM 1409:1418 arg1 30245T 1420:1425 =DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T 1404:1425 =DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T 1404:1425 nov. is proposed, with the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T). 26869452 12 46 theme 28968T=JCM 1409:1418 arg1 T14T 1398:1401 the type strain T14T 1382:1401 the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T) 1382:1426 nov. is proposed, with the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T). 26869452 5 47 theme gene 560:563 arg1 similarity 574:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:583 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 47 theme gene 560:563 arg1 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 F3-P9 538:542 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 48 theme DSM 647:649 arg1 19883T 651:656 Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T 625:656 Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%) 625:664 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 5 48 theme DSM 647:649 arg1 % 663:663 95.5% 659:663 95.5% 659:663 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 2 49 theme Holotrichia 181:191 arg1 larvae 200:205 Holotrichia oblita larvae 181:205 Holotrichia oblita larvae 181:205 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated T14T, was isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae and was subjected to a taxonomic study. 26869452 8 50 theme unidentified 1022:1033 arg1 glycolipids 1035:1045 unidentified glycolipids 1022:1045 unidentified glycolipids 1022:1045 The major polar lipids were aminolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphoglycolipid and unidentified glycolipids. 26869452 4 51 theme Phylogenetic 336:347 arg1 analysis 349:356 Phylogenetic analysis 336:356 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 336:399 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that the isolate is related to the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 5 52 theme 96.8 545:548 arg1 % 549:549 % 549:549 % 549:549 Its closest neighbours were the type strains 'Leucobacter kyeonggiensis' F3-P9 (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2%) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5%). 26869452 11 53 theme holotrichiae 1342:1353 arg1 sp 1355:1356 The name Leucobacter holotrichiae sp 1321:1356 The name Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. 1321:1357 The name Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. 26869452 2 54 theme taxonomic 230:238 arg1 study 240:244 a taxonomic study 228:244 a taxonomic study 228:244 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated T14T, was isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae and was subjected to a taxonomic study. 26869452 6 55 theme G+C 675:677 arg1 % 714:714 69.3 mol% 706:714 69.3 mol% 706:714 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 6 55 theme G+C 675:677 arg1 content 679:685 The DNA G+C content 667:685 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T 667:700 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 10 56 theme strain 1147:1152 arg1 T14T 1154:1157 strain T14T 1147:1157 strain T14T 1147:1157 Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, strain T14T can be clearly distinguished from all of the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 10 57 theme Leucobacter 1236:1246 arg1 species 1215:1221 the recognized species 1200:1221 the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter 1200:1246 Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, strain T14T can be clearly distinguished from all of the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 12 58 theme type 1386:1389 arg1 30245T 1420:1425 =DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T 1404:1425 =DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T 1404:1425 nov. is proposed, with the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T). 26869452 12 58 theme type 1386:1389 arg1 T14T 1398:1401 the type strain T14T 1382:1401 the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T) 1382:1426 nov. is proposed, with the type strain T14T (=DSM 28968T=JCM 30245T). 26869452 6 59 theme DNA 671:673 arg1 % 714:714 69.3 mol% 706:714 69.3 mol% 706:714 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 6 59 theme DNA 671:673 arg1 content 679:685 The DNA G+C content 667:685 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T 667:700 The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were <32%. 26869452 10 60 theme Leucobacter 1308:1318 arg1 species 1287:1293 a novel species 1279:1293 a novel species of the genus Leucobacter 1279:1318 Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, strain T14T can be clearly distinguished from all of the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter. 26869452 7 61 theme cellular 806:813 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 832:844 anteiso-C15:0 832:844 anteiso-C15:0 832:844 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.3%), iso-C16:0 (16.4%) and anteiso-C17:0 (16.8%). 26869452 7 61 theme cellular 806:813 arg1 acids 821:825 The predominant cellular fatty acids 790:825 The predominant cellular fatty acids 790:825 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.3%), iso-C16:0 (16.4%) and anteiso-C17:0 (16.8%). 26869452 11 62 theme name 1325:1328 arg1 sp 1355:1356 The name Leucobacter holotrichiae sp 1321:1356 The name Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. 1321:1357 The name Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. 24067730 3 0 theme gene 268:271 arg1 results 284:290 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 259:290 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 259:290 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 5 1 contain had 622:624 arg1 516 615:617 strain 516 608:617 strain 516(T) 608:620 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 5 1 contain had 622:624 arg1 T 619:619 T 619:619 T 619:619 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 5 1 contain had 622:624 arg2 relatedness 634:644 low DNA relatedness 626:644 low DNA relatedness 626:644 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 6 2 theme DNA 701:703 arg1 content 709:715 The DNA G+C content 697:715 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) 697:732 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 2 theme DNA 701:703 arg1 % 746:746 38.1 mol% 738:746 38.1 mol% 738:746 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 3 3 theme sequencing 273:282 arg1 results 284:290 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 259:290 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 259:290 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 6 4 theme 516 727:729 arg1 content 709:715 The DNA G+C content 697:715 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) 697:732 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 4 theme 516 727:729 arg1 % 746:746 38.1 mol% 738:746 38.1 mol% 738:746 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 7 5 theme novel 905:909 arg1 species 911:917 a novel species 903:917 a novel species 903:917 Based on the evidence, strain 516(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus formosensis sp. 24067730 9 6 theme  = NBRC 1037:1043 arg1 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 9 6 theme  = NBRC 1037:1043 arg1 80576 1062:1066  = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576 1037:1066  = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T) 1037:1069 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 7 7 theme strain 878:883 arg1 T 889:889 T 889:889 T 889:889 Based on the evidence, strain 516(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus formosensis sp. 24067730 7 7 theme strain 878:883 arg1 516 885:887 strain 516 878:887 strain 516(T) 878:890 Based on the evidence, strain 516(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus formosensis sp. 24067730 3 8 dep Lactococcus 376:386 arg1 garvieae 388:395 garvieae 388:395 garvieae 388:395 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 1 9 theme acid 43:46 arg1 bacterium 48:56 a lactic acid bacterium 34:56 a lactic acid bacterium 34:56 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems). 24067730 1 9 theme acid 43:46 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems). 24067730 9 10 theme 109475 1045:1050 arg1 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 9 10 theme 109475 1045:1050 arg1 80576 1062:1066  = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576 1037:1066  = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T) 1037:1069 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 5 11 theme strain 608:613 arg1 516 615:617 strain 516 608:617 strain 516(T) 608:620 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 5 11 theme strain 608:613 arg1 T 619:619 T 619:619 T 619:619 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 0 12 theme Lactococcus 0:10 arg1 formosensis 12:22 Lactococcus formosensis 0:22 Lactococcus formosensis 0:22 Lactococcus formosensis sp. 24067730 9 13 theme type 1014:1017 arg1 516 1029:1031 516 1029:1031 516 1029:1031 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 9 13 theme type 1014:1017 arg1 strain 1019:1024 The type strain 1010:1024 The type strain 1010:1024 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 6 14 theme fatty 762:766 arg1 C16  779:782 C16  779:782 C16  779:782 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 14 theme fatty 762:766 arg1 acids 768:772 the major fatty acids 752:772 the major fatty acids 752:772 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 5 15 theme low 626:628 arg1 relatedness 634:644 low DNA relatedness 626:644 low DNA relatedness 626:644 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 7 16 theme Lactococcus 932:942 arg1 species 911:917 a novel species 903:917 a novel species 903:917 Based on the evidence, strain 516(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus formosensis sp. 24067730 7 17 theme name 959:962 arg1 sp 988:989 the name Lactococcus formosensis sp 955:989 the name Lactococcus formosensis sp 955:989 Based on the evidence, strain 516(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus formosensis sp. 24067730 2 18 theme fermented 233:241 arg1 food 243:246 a traditional fermented food 219:246 a traditional fermented food in Taiwan 219:256 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 2 18 theme fermented 233:241 arg1 yan-tsai-shin 177:189 yan-tsai-shin 177:189 yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems) 177:216 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 7 19 theme Lactococcus 964:974 arg1 sp 988:989 the name Lactococcus formosensis sp 955:989 the name Lactococcus formosensis sp 955:989 Based on the evidence, strain 516(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus formosensis sp. 24067730 2 20 attach isolated 163:170 arg1 food 243:246 a traditional fermented food 219:246 a traditional fermented food in Taiwan 219:256 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 2 20 attach isolated 163:170 arg2 organism 130:137 A coccal-shaped organism 114:137 A coccal-shaped organism 114:137 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 2 20 attach isolated 163:170 arg1 yan-tsai-shin 177:189 yan-tsai-shin 177:189 yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems) 177:216 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 2 20 attach isolated 163:170 arg1 stems 211:215 fermented broccoli stems 192:215 fermented broccoli stems 192:215 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 3 21 theme strain 304:309 arg1 T 315:315 T 315:315 T 315:315 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 3 21 theme strain 304:309 arg1 516 311:313 strain 516 304:313 strain 516(T) 304:316 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 6 22 theme G+C 705:707 arg1 content 709:715 The DNA G+C content 697:715 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) 697:732 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 22 theme G+C 705:707 arg1 % 746:746 38.1 mol% 738:746 38.1 mol% 738:746 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 5 23 dep Lactococcus 651:661 arg1 garvieae 663:670 garvieae 663:670 garvieae 663:670 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 2 24 theme traditional 221:231 arg1 food 243:246 a traditional fermented food 219:246 a traditional fermented food in Taiwan 219:256 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 2 24 theme traditional 221:231 arg1 yan-tsai-shin 177:189 yan-tsai-shin 177:189 yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems) 177:216 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 3 25 theme type 364:367 arg1 strain 369:374 the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 360:410 the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 360:410 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 2 26 theme coccal-shaped 116:128 arg1 organism 130:137 A coccal-shaped organism 114:137 A coccal-shaped organism 114:137 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 4 27 theme Lactococcus 526:536 arg1 T 559:559 T 559:559 T 559:559 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 4 27 theme Lactococcus 526:536 arg1 100934 552:557 Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934 526:557 Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 526:560 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 6 28 theme  0 802:803 arg1 % 821:821 17.9 % 816:821 17.9 % 816:821 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 28 theme  0 802:803 arg1 ω8c 811:813  0 cyclo ω8c 802:813  0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) 802:822 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 3 29 theme 98.9  322:326 arg1 % 327:327 % 327:327 % 327:327 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 6 30 theme major 756:760 arg1 C16  779:782 C16  779:782 C16  779:782 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 30 theme major 756:760 arg1 acids 768:772 the major fatty acids 752:772 the major fatty acids 752:772 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 4 31 theme NBRC 547:550 arg1 T 559:559 T 559:559 T 559:559 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 4 31 theme NBRC 547:550 arg1 100934 552:557 Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934 526:557 Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 526:560 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 5 32 theme NBRC 672:675 arg1 T 684:684 T 684:684 T 684:684 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 5 32 theme NBRC 672:675 arg1 100934 677:682 Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934 651:682 Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %) 651:694 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 5 32 theme NBRC 672:675 arg1 % 693:693 46.1 % 688:693 46.1 % 688:693 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 5 33 theme DNA-DNA 563:569 arg1 studies 585:591 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 563:591 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 563:591 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 3 34 contain had 318:320 arg1 T 315:315 T 315:315 T 315:315 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 3 34 contain had 318:320 arg2 similarity 338:347 98.9 % sequence similarity 322:347 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 322:410 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 3 34 contain had 318:320 arg1 516 311:313 strain 516 304:313 strain 516(T) 304:316 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 1 35 theme fermented 87:95 arg1 stems 106:110 fermented broccoli stems 87:110 fermented broccoli stems 87:110 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems). 24067730 6 36 theme cyclo 805:809 arg1 % 821:821 17.9 % 816:821 17.9 % 816:821 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 36 theme cyclo 805:809 arg1 ω8c 811:813  0 cyclo ω8c 802:813  0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) 802:822 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 5 37 theme hybridization 571:583 arg1 studies 585:591 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 563:591 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 563:591 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 6 38 dep C16  779:782 arg1  0 784:785  0 784:785  0 784:785 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 38 dep C16  779:782 arg1 % 793:793 22.7 % 788:793 22.7 % 788:793 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 1 39 theme broccoli 97:104 arg1 stems 106:110 fermented broccoli stems 87:110 fermented broccoli stems 87:110 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems). 24067730 5 40 theme Lactococcus 651:661 arg1 T 684:684 T 684:684 T 684:684 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 5 40 theme Lactococcus 651:661 arg1 100934 677:682 Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934 651:682 Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %) 651:694 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 5 40 theme Lactococcus 651:661 arg1 % 693:693 46.1 % 688:693 46.1 % 688:693 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 3 41 theme NBRC 397:400 arg1 T 409:409 T 409:409 T 409:409 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 3 41 theme NBRC 397:400 arg1 100934 402:407 NBRC 100934 397:407 the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 360:410 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 5 42 theme DNA 630:632 arg1 relatedness 634:644 low DNA relatedness 626:644 low DNA relatedness 626:644 DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). 24067730 2 43 theme broccoli 202:209 arg1 yan-tsai-shin 177:189 yan-tsai-shin 177:189 yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems) 177:216 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 2 43 theme broccoli 202:209 arg1 stems 211:215 fermented broccoli stems 192:215 fermented broccoli stems 192:215 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 7 44 theme formosensis 976:986 arg1 sp 988:989 the name Lactococcus formosensis sp 955:989 the name Lactococcus formosensis sp 955:989 Based on the evidence, strain 516(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus formosensis sp. 24067730 9 45 theme T 1052:1052 arg1 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 9 45 theme T 1052:1052 arg1 80576 1062:1066  = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576 1037:1066  = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T) 1037:1069 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 4 46 theme genes 446:450 arg1 Comparison 413:422 Comparison 413:422 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, 413:472 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 9 47 dep 516 1029:1031 arg1 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 9 47 dep 516 1029:1031 arg1 80576 1062:1066  = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576 1037:1066  = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T) 1037:1069 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 2 48 theme fermented 192:200 arg1 yan-tsai-shin 177:189 yan-tsai-shin 177:189 yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems) 177:216 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 2 48 theme fermented 192:200 arg1 stems 211:215 fermented broccoli stems 192:215 fermented broccoli stems 192:215 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 3 49 theme Lactococcus 376:386 arg1 strain 369:374 the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 360:410 the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 360:410 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 3 50 theme % 327:327 arg1 similarity 338:347 98.9 % sequence similarity 322:347 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 322:410 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 4 51 theme housekeeping 433:444 arg1 rpoB 459:462 rpoB 459:462 rpoB 459:462 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 4 51 theme housekeeping 433:444 arg1 rpoA 453:456 rpoA 453:456 rpoA 453:456 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 4 51 theme housekeeping 433:444 arg1 genes 446:450 three housekeeping genes 427:450 three housekeeping genes 427:450 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 4 51 theme housekeeping 433:444 arg1 pheS 468:471 pheS 468:471 pheS 468:471 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 3 52 theme 16S 259:261 arg1 rRNA 263:266 16S rRNA 259:266 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 259:290 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 1 53 dep isolated 58:65 arg1 stems 106:110 fermented broccoli stems 87:110 fermented broccoli stems 87:110 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems). 24067730 3 54 theme sequence 329:336 arg1 similarity 338:347 98.9 % sequence similarity 322:347 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 322:410 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 3 55 theme rRNA 263:266 arg1 results 284:290 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 259:290 16S rRNA gene sequencing results 259:290 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 4 56 dep Lactococcus 526:536 arg1 garvieae 538:545 garvieae 538:545 garvieae 538:545 Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 6 57 dep % 746:746 arg1 % 821:821 17.9 % 816:821 17.9 % 816:821 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 57 dep % 746:746 arg1 % 851:851 29.0 % 846:851 29.0 % 846:851 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 57 dep % 746:746 arg1 feature 835:841 summed feature 7 828:843 summed feature 7 (29.0 %) 828:852 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 57 dep % 746:746 arg1 ω8c 811:813  0 cyclo ω8c 802:813  0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) 802:822 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 3 58 dep strain 369:374 arg1 T 409:409 T 409:409 T 409:409 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 3 58 dep strain 369:374 arg1 100934 402:407 NBRC 100934 397:407 the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) 360:410 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). 24067730 6 59 theme summed 828:833 arg1 % 851:851 29.0 % 846:851 29.0 % 846:851 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 59 theme summed 828:833 arg1 feature 835:841 summed feature 7 828:843 summed feature 7 (29.0 %) 828:852 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 0 60 dep sp 24:25 arg1 formosensis 12:22 Lactococcus formosensis 0:22 Lactococcus formosensis 0:22 Lactococcus formosensis sp. 24067730 7 61 theme genus 926:930 arg1 Lactococcus 932:942 the genus Lactococcus 922:942 the genus Lactococcus 922:942 Based on the evidence, strain 516(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus formosensis sp. 24067730 2 62 from food 243:246 arg1 Taiwan 251:256 Taiwan 251:256 Taiwan 251:256 A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 24067730 6 63 theme strain 720:725 arg1 516 727:729 strain 516 720:729 strain 516(T) 720:732 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 6 63 theme strain 720:725 arg1 T 731:731 T 731:731 T 731:731 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24067730 9 64 theme  = BCRC 1054:1060 arg1 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 9 64 theme  = BCRC 1054:1060 arg1 80576 1062:1066  = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576 1037:1066  = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T) 1037:1069 The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)). 24067730 1 65 theme lactic 36:41 arg1 bacterium 48:56 a lactic acid bacterium 34:56 a lactic acid bacterium 34:56 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems). 24067730 1 65 theme lactic 36:41 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems). 24067730 6 66 theme 38.1 738:741 arg1 mol 743:745 mol 743:745 mol 743:745 The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). 24425743 8 0 from pH 1051:1052 arg1 optimum 1040:1046 an optimum 1037:1046 an optimum at pH 8.0-8.5 (slightly alkaliphilic) 1037:1084 The pH range for growth was 5.5-9.0, with an optimum at pH 8.0-8.5 (slightly alkaliphilic). 24425743 17 1 theme phenotypic 2169:2178 arg1 features 2180:2187 its phenotypic features 2165:2187 its phenotypic features 2165:2187 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 6 2 theme spore 833:837 arg1 formation 839:847 no spore formation 830:847 no spore formation 830:847 Although no spore formation was observed, cells tolerated high temperatures, up to 90 °C for 10 min. 24425743 10 3 theme cellular 1193:1200 arg1 acids 1208:1212 Major cellular fatty acids 1187:1212 Major cellular fatty acids 1187:1212 Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0 3-OH. 24425743 1 4 theme Pseudobacteroides 252:268 arg1 nov. 290:293 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 252:293 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 252:293 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 1 4 theme Pseudobacteroides 252:268 arg1 comb 296:299 comb 296:299 comb 296:299 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 5 5 dep cultures 740:747 arg1 days 758:761 over 90 days 750:761 over 90 days of incubation 750:775 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) exhibited pleomorphism: in aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation), almost all cells were irregularly shaped. 24425743 16 6 theme  = DSM 2067:2072 arg1 T 2097:2097 T 2097:2097 T 2097:2097 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 16 6 theme  = DSM 2067:2072 arg1 109520 2090:2095  = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520 2067:2095  = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T) 2067:2098 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 1 7 theme Japanese 158:165 arg1 field 172:176 a Japanese rice field 156:176 a Japanese rice field 156:176 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 1 8 theme cellulosolvens 270:283 arg1 nov. 290:293 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 252:293 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 252:293 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 1 8 theme cellulosolvens 270:283 arg1 comb 296:299 comb 296:299 comb 296:299 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 13 9 theme physiological 1526:1538 arg1 methods 1562:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods 1514:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods 1514:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 11 10 theme rRNA 1366:1369 arg1 cluster 1371:1377 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 1354:1381 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 1354:1381 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain T-1-35(T) belonged to Clostridium rRNA cluster III. 24425743 1 11 theme field 172:176 arg1 soil 148:151 soil 148:151 soil of a Japanese rice field 148:176 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 12 12 theme strain 1408:1413 arg1 T-1-35 1415:1420 strain T-1-35 1408:1420 strain T-1-35(T) 1408:1423 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 12 12 theme strain 1408:1413 arg1 T 1422:1422 T 1422:1422 T 1422:1422 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 17 13 theme genus 2290:2294 arg1 Pseudobacteroides 2296:2312 the new genus Pseudobacteroides 2282:2312 the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb 2282:2364 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 18 14 dep nov. 2367:2370 arg1 with 2373:2376 with 2373:2376 with 2373:2376 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 13 15 theme molecular 1544:1552 arg1 methods 1562:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods 1514:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods 1514:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 14 16 theme novel 1929:1933 arg1 nov. 1989:1992 Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov. 1954:1992 Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov. 1954:1992 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 14 16 theme novel 1929:1933 arg1 genus 1935:1939 a novel genus 1927:1939 a novel genus 1927:1939 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 17 17 theme cellulosolvens 2335:2348 arg1 comb 2361:2364 comb 2361:2364 comb 2361:2364 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 17 17 theme cellulosolvens 2335:2348 arg1 nov. 2355:2358 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 2317:2358 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 2317:2358 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 13 18 theme Phenotypic 1514:1523 arg1 methods 1562:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods 1514:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods 1514:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 1 19 theme rRNA 117:120 arg1 cluster 122:128 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 105:132 Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field 105:176 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 12 20 theme sequence 1483:1490 arg1 similarity 1492:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1469:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 % 1469:1511 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 14 21 theme gen. 1984:1987 arg1 sp 1995:1996 sp 1995:1996 sp 1995:1996 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 14 21 theme gen. 1984:1987 arg1 nov. 1989:1992 Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov. 1954:1992 Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov. 1954:1992 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 14 21 theme gen. 1984:1987 arg1 genus 1935:1939 a novel genus 1927:1939 a novel genus 1927:1939 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 3 22 theme anaerobic 321:329 arg1 bacterium 427:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium 385:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 385:508 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 3 22 theme anaerobic 321:329 arg1 strain 341:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain 307:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) 307:367 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 16 23 theme type 2008:2011 arg1 T-1-35 2056:2061 T-1-35 2056:2061 T-1-35 2056:2061 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 16 23 theme type 2008:2011 arg1 strain 2013:2018 The type strain 2004:2018 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens 2004:2051 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 13 24 theme major 1758:1762 arg1 3-OH 1747:1750 iso-C13 : 0 3-OH 1735:1750 iso-C13 : 0 3-OH 1735:1750 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 13 24 theme major 1758:1762 arg1 acid 1779:1782 a major cellular fatty acid 1756:1782 a major cellular fatty acid 1756:1782 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 5 25 from cultures 740:747 arg1 shaped 813:818 shaped 813:818 shaped 813:818 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) exhibited pleomorphism: in aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation), almost all cells were irregularly shaped. 24425743 6 26 dep 90 904:905 arg1 to 901:902 to 901:902 to 901:902 Although no spore formation was observed, cells tolerated high temperatures, up to 90 °C for 10 min. 24425743 14 27 theme study 1876:1880 arg1 results 1842:1848 the results 1838:1848 the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study 1838:1880 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 17 28 theme new 2286:2288 arg1 Pseudobacteroides 2296:2312 the new genus Pseudobacteroides 2282:2312 the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb 2282:2364 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 4 29 theme polar 666:670 arg1 flagella 672:679 two to four polar flagella 654:679 two to four polar flagella 654:679 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile by means of two to four polar flagella. 24425743 18 30 theme type 2382:2385 arg1 T 2398:2398 T 2398:2398 T 2398:2398 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 18 30 theme type 2382:2385 arg1 WM2 2394:2396 the type strain WM2 2378:2396 the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)) 2378:2447 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 12 31 theme rRNA 1473:1476 arg1 similarity 1492:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1469:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 % 1469:1511 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 14 32 theme polyphasic 1855:1864 arg1 study 1876:1880 a polyphasic taxonomic study 1853:1880 a polyphasic taxonomic study 1853:1880 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 13 33 theme rRNA 1674:1677 arg1 cluster 1679:1685 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 1662:1689 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 1662:1689 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 5 34 theme T-1-35 698:703 arg1 Cells 682:686 Cells 682:686 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) 682:706 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) exhibited pleomorphism: in aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation), almost all cells were irregularly shaped. 24425743 5 35 from shaped 813:818 arg1 cultures 740:747 aged cultures 735:747 aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation) 735:776 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) exhibited pleomorphism: in aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation), almost all cells were irregularly shaped. 24425743 4 36 dep four 661:664 arg1 to 658:659 to 658:659 to 658:659 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile by means of two to four polar flagella. 24425743 13 37 theme phylogenetic 1627:1638 arg1 relatives 1640:1648 its phylogenetic relatives 1623:1648 its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) 1623:1690 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 1 38 from cluster 122:128 arg1 bacterium 90:98 an obligately anaerobic bacterium 66:98 an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field 66:176 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 1 38 from cluster 122:128 arg1 reclassification 183:198 reclassification 183:198 reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb 183:299 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 1 38 from cluster 122:128 arg1 nov. 60:63 nov. 60:63 nov. 60:63 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 11 39 theme Phylogenetic 1253:1264 arg1 analysis 1266:1273 Phylogenetic analysis 1253:1273 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1253:1309 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain T-1-35(T) belonged to Clostridium rRNA cluster III. 24425743 3 40 theme cellulose-degrading 407:425 arg1 bacterium 427:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium 385:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 385:508 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 3 40 theme cellulose-degrading 407:425 arg1 strain 341:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain 307:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) 307:367 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 9 41 theme major 1171:1175 arg1 lactate 1156:1162 lactate 1156:1162 lactate 1156:1162 Strain T-1-35(T) fermented some carbohydrates to produce ethanol and lactate as the major products. 24425743 9 41 theme major 1171:1175 arg1 ethanol 1144:1150 ethanol 1144:1150 ethanol 1144:1150 Strain T-1-35(T) fermented some carbohydrates to produce ethanol and lactate as the major products. 24425743 9 41 theme major 1171:1175 arg1 products 1177:1184 the major products 1167:1184 the major products 1167:1184 Strain T-1-35(T) fermented some carbohydrates to produce ethanol and lactate as the major products. 24425743 1 42 theme anaerobic 80:88 arg1 bacterium 90:98 an obligately anaerobic bacterium 66:98 an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field 66:176 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 11 43 theme rRNA 1292:1295 arg1 sequence 1302:1309 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1284:1309 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1284:1309 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain T-1-35(T) belonged to Clostridium rRNA cluster III. 24425743 3 44 theme Japanese 452:459 arg1 field 466:470 a Japanese rice field 450:470 a Japanese rice field 450:470 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 0 45 theme Anaerobacterium 15:29 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Anaerobacterium 0:29 Description of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 12 46 theme cellulosolvens 1441:1454 arg1 relative 1396:1403 The closest relative 1384:1403 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) 1384:1423 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 12 46 theme cellulosolvens 1441:1454 arg1 T 1460:1460 T 1460:1460 T 1460:1460 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 12 46 theme cellulosolvens 1441:1454 arg1 WM2 1456:1458 Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2 1429:1458 Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T) 1429:1461 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 7 47 with °C 965:966 arg1 optimum 977:983 an optimum 974:983 an optimum at 35 °C 974:992 The temperature range for growth was 15-40 °C, with an optimum at 35 °C. 24425743 3 48 theme dominant 387:394 arg1 bacterium 427:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium 385:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 385:508 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 3 48 theme dominant 387:394 arg1 strain 341:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain 307:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) 307:367 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 14 49 theme Anaerobacterium 1954:1968 arg1 sp 1995:1996 sp 1995:1996 sp 1995:1996 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 14 49 theme Anaerobacterium 1954:1968 arg1 nov. 1989:1992 Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov. 1954:1992 Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov. 1954:1992 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 14 49 theme Anaerobacterium 1954:1968 arg1 genus 1935:1939 a novel genus 1927:1939 a novel genus 1927:1939 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 5 50 theme aged 735:738 arg1 cultures 740:747 aged cultures 735:747 aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation) 735:776 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) exhibited pleomorphism: in aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation), almost all cells were irregularly shaped. 24425743 0 51 theme gen. 45:48 arg1 nov. 50:53 gen. nov. 45:53 gen. nov. 45:53 Description of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 0 51 theme gen. 45:48 arg1 sp 56:57 sp 56:57 sp 56:57 Description of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 13 52 dep relatives 1640:1648 arg1 members 1651:1657 members 1651:1657 members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III 1651:1689 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 4 53 theme strain 520:525 arg1 T-1-35 527:532 strain T-1-35 520:532 strain T-1-35(T) 520:535 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile by means of two to four polar flagella. 24425743 4 53 theme strain 520:525 arg1 T 534:534 T 534:534 T 534:534 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile by means of two to four polar flagella. 24425743 13 54 theme fatty 1773:1777 arg1 3-OH 1747:1750 iso-C13 : 0 3-OH 1735:1750 iso-C13 : 0 3-OH 1735:1750 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 13 54 theme fatty 1773:1777 arg1 acid 1779:1782 a major cellular fatty acid 1756:1782 a major cellular fatty acid 1756:1782 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 18 55 theme T 2430:2430 arg1 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 18 55 theme T 2430:2430 arg1 2944 2440:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944 2402:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T) 2402:2446 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 12 56 with WM2 1456:1458 arg1 similarity 1492:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1469:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 % 1469:1511 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 4 57 theme T-1-35 527:532 arg1 Cells 511:515 Cells 511:515 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) 511:535 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile by means of two to four polar flagella. 24425743 16 58 theme  = NBRC 2082:2088 arg1 T 2097:2097 T 2097:2097 T 2097:2097 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 16 58 theme  = NBRC 2082:2088 arg1 109520 2090:2095  = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520 2067:2095  = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T) 2067:2098 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 3 59 theme field 466:470 arg1 soil 442:445 soil 442:445 soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 442:508 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 13 60 theme cellular 1764:1771 arg1 3-OH 1747:1750 iso-C13 : 0 3-OH 1735:1750 iso-C13 : 0 3-OH 1735:1750 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 13 60 theme cellular 1764:1771 arg1 acid 1779:1782 a major cellular fatty acid 1756:1782 a major cellular fatty acid 1756:1782 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 17 61 theme analysis 2152:2159 arg1 results 2124:2130 the results 2120:2130 the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features 2120:2187 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 13 62 theme strain 1588:1593 arg1 T-1-35 1595:1600 strain T-1-35 1588:1600 strain T-1-35(T) 1588:1603 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 13 62 theme strain 1588:1593 arg1 T 1602:1602 T 1602:1602 T 1602:1602 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 18 63 theme strain 2387:2392 arg1 T 2398:2398 T 2398:2398 T 2398:2398 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 18 63 theme strain 2387:2392 arg1 WM2 2394:2396 the type strain WM2 2378:2396 the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)) 2378:2447 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 1 64 theme Murray 230:235 arg1 bacterium 90:98 an obligately anaerobic bacterium 66:98 an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field 66:176 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 1 64 theme Murray 230:235 arg1 reclassification 183:198 reclassification 183:198 reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb 183:299 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 1 64 theme Murray 230:235 arg1 nov. 60:63 nov. 60:63 nov. 60:63 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 3 65 from soil 442:445 arg1 bacterium 427:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium 385:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 385:508 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 3 65 from soil 442:445 arg1 strain 341:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain 307:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) 307:367 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 3 66 theme filter-paper 488:499 arg1 degrader 501:508 an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 475:508 an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 475:508 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 10 67 dep iso-C16  1219:1226 arg1  0 1228:1229  0 1228:1229  0 1228:1229 Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0 3-OH. 24425743 10 67 dep iso-C16  1219:1226 arg1 iso-C13  1235:1242 iso-C13  1235:1242 iso-C13  1235:1242 Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0 3-OH. 24425743 10 67 dep iso-C16  1219:1226 arg1 3-OH 1247:1250  0 3-OH 1244:1250 iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0 3-OH 1219:1250 Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0 3-OH. 24425743 17 68 theme features 2180:2187 arg1 results 2124:2130 the results 2120:2130 the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features 2120:2187 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 13 69 theme genetic 1554:1560 arg1 methods 1562:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods 1514:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods 1514:1568 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 11 70 theme Clostridium 1354:1364 arg1 cluster 1371:1377 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 1354:1381 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 1354:1381 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain T-1-35(T) belonged to Clostridium rRNA cluster III. 24425743 6 71 theme no 830:831 arg1 formation 839:847 no spore formation 830:847 no spore formation 830:847 Although no spore formation was observed, cells tolerated high temperatures, up to 90 °C for 10 min. 24425743 14 72 dep results 1842:1848 arg1 the 1825:1827 the 1825:1827 the 1825:1827 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 14 72 dep results 1842:1848 arg1 basis 1829:1833 basis 1829:1833 basis 1829:1833 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 4 73 theme non-spore-forming 568:584 arg1 rods 586:589 non-spore-forming rods 568:589 non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile 568:640 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile by means of two to four polar flagella. 24425743 1 74 attach isolated 134:141 arg1 soil 148:151 soil 148:151 soil of a Japanese rice field 148:176 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 1 74 attach isolated 134:141 arg2 cluster 122:128 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 105:132 Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field 105:176 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 5 75 theme all 786:788 arg1 cells 790:794 almost all cells 779:794 almost all cells 779:794 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) exhibited pleomorphism: in aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation), almost all cells were irregularly shaped. 24425743 12 76 theme % 1511:1511 arg1 similarity 1492:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1469:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 % 1469:1511 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 1 77 theme rice 167:170 arg1 field 172:176 a Japanese rice field 156:176 a Japanese rice field 156:176 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 12 78 theme T-1-35 1415:1420 arg1 relative 1396:1403 The closest relative 1384:1403 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) 1384:1423 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 12 78 theme T-1-35 1415:1420 arg1 WM2 1456:1458 Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2 1429:1458 Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T) 1429:1461 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 18 79 theme  = ATCC 2402:2408 arg1 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 18 79 theme  = ATCC 2402:2408 arg1 2944 2440:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944 2402:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T) 2402:2446 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 16 80 theme 27016 2074:2078 arg1 T 2097:2097 T 2097:2097 T 2097:2097 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 16 80 theme 27016 2074:2078 arg1 109520 2090:2095  = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520 2067:2095  = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T) 2067:2098 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 5 81 theme incubation 766:775 arg1 days 758:761 over 90 days 750:761 over 90 days of incubation 750:775 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) exhibited pleomorphism: in aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation), almost all cells were irregularly shaped. 24425743 13 82 theme Clostridium 1662:1672 arg1 cluster 1679:1685 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 1662:1689 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 1662:1689 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 12 83 theme closest 1388:1394 arg1 relative 1396:1403 The closest relative 1384:1403 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) 1384:1423 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 12 83 theme closest 1388:1394 arg1 WM2 1456:1458 Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2 1429:1458 Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T) 1429:1461 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 17 84 theme Pseudobacteroides 2317:2333 arg1 comb 2361:2364 comb 2361:2364 comb 2361:2364 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 17 84 theme Pseudobacteroides 2317:2333 arg1 nov. 2355:2358 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 2317:2358 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 2317:2358 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 14 85 theme strain 1883:1888 arg1 T-1-35 1890:1895 strain T-1-35 1883:1895 strain T-1-35(T) 1883:1898 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 14 85 theme strain 1883:1888 arg1 T 1897:1897 T 1897:1897 T 1897:1897 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 7 86 theme temperature 926:936 arg1 °C 965:966 15-40 °C 959:966 15-40 °C 959:966 The temperature range for growth was 15-40 °C, with an optimum at 35 °C. 24425743 7 86 theme temperature 926:936 arg1 range 938:942 The temperature range 922:942 The temperature range for growth 922:953 The temperature range for growth was 15-40 °C, with an optimum at 35 °C. 24425743 1 87 theme Clostridium 105:115 arg1 cluster 122:128 Clostridium rRNA cluster III 105:132 Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field 105:176 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 8 88 theme alkaliphilic 1072:1083 arg1 optimum 1040:1046 an optimum 1037:1046 an optimum at pH 8.0-8.5 (slightly alkaliphilic) 1037:1084 The pH range for growth was 5.5-9.0, with an optimum at pH 8.0-8.5 (slightly alkaliphilic). 24425743 17 89 theme gen. 2350:2353 arg1 comb 2361:2364 comb 2361:2364 comb 2361:2364 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 17 89 theme gen. 2350:2353 arg1 nov. 2355:2358 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 2317:2358 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 2317:2358 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 13 90 theme cluster 1679:1685 arg1 members 1651:1657 members 1651:1657 members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III 1651:1689 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 4 91 with rods 586:589 arg1 ends 604:607 rounded ends 596:607 rounded ends 596:607 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile by means of two to four polar flagella. 24425743 4 91 with rods 586:589 arg1 µm 627:628 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm 610:628 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm 610:628 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile by means of two to four polar flagella. 24425743 4 91 with rods 586:589 arg1 motile 635:640 motile 635:640 motile 635:640 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile by means of two to four polar flagella. 24425743 12 92 theme gene 1478:1481 arg1 similarity 1492:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1469:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 % 1469:1511 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 18 93 theme T 2416:2416 arg1 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 18 93 theme T 2416:2416 arg1 2944 2440:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944 2402:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T) 2402:2446 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 11 94 theme gene 1297:1300 arg1 sequence 1302:1309 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1284:1309 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1284:1309 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain T-1-35(T) belonged to Clostridium rRNA cluster III. 24425743 16 95 theme chartisolvens 2039:2051 arg1 T-1-35 2056:2061 T-1-35 2056:2061 T-1-35 2056:2061 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 16 95 theme chartisolvens 2039:2051 arg1 strain 2013:2018 The type strain 2004:2018 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens 2004:2051 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 3 96 theme bacterial 331:339 arg1 bacterium 427:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium 385:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 385:508 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 3 96 theme bacterial 331:339 arg1 strain 341:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain 307:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) 307:367 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 16 97 theme Anaerobacterium 2023:2037 arg1 chartisolvens 2039:2051 Anaerobacterium chartisolvens 2023:2051 Anaerobacterium chartisolvens 2023:2051 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 18 98 dep WM2 2394:2396 arg1 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 18 98 dep WM2 2394:2396 arg1 2944 2440:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944 2402:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T) 2402:2446 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 14 99 theme taxonomic 1866:1874 arg1 study 1876:1880 a polyphasic taxonomic study 1853:1880 a polyphasic taxonomic study 1853:1880 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 11 100 theme strain 1325:1330 arg1 T-1-35 1332:1337 strain T-1-35 1325:1337 strain T-1-35(T) 1325:1340 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain T-1-35(T) belonged to Clostridium rRNA cluster III. 24425743 11 100 theme strain 1325:1330 arg1 T 1339:1339 T 1339:1339 T 1339:1339 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain T-1-35(T) belonged to Clostridium rRNA cluster III. 24425743 5 101 theme strain 691:696 arg1 T 705:705 T 705:705 T 705:705 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) exhibited pleomorphism: in aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation), almost all cells were irregularly shaped. 24425743 5 101 theme strain 691:696 arg1 T-1-35 698:703 strain T-1-35 691:703 strain T-1-35(T) 691:706 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) exhibited pleomorphism: in aged cultures (over 90 days of incubation), almost all cells were irregularly shaped. 24425743 12 102 theme 16S 1469:1471 arg1 similarity 1492:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1469:1501 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 % 1469:1511 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 17 103 dep Murray 2229:2234 arg1 al. 2239:2241 the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 2190:2241 the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 2190:2246 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 17 103 dep Murray 2229:2234 arg1 1984 2243:2246 1984 2243:2246 1984 2243:2246 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 11 104 theme 16S 1288:1290 arg1 rRNA 1292:1295 the 16S rRNA 1284:1295 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1284:1309 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain T-1-35(T) belonged to Clostridium rRNA cluster III. 24425743 9 105 theme Strain 1087:1092 arg1 T-1-35 1094:1099 Strain T-1-35 1087:1099 Strain T-1-35(T) 1087:1102 Strain T-1-35(T) fermented some carbohydrates to produce ethanol and lactate as the major products. 24425743 9 105 theme Strain 1087:1092 arg1 T 1101:1101 T 1101:1101 T 1101:1101 Strain T-1-35(T) fermented some carbohydrates to produce ethanol and lactate as the major products. 24425743 1 106 theme gen. 285:288 arg1 nov. 290:293 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 252:293 Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov. 252:293 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 1 106 theme gen. 285:288 arg1 comb 296:299 comb 296:299 comb 296:299 nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from Clostridium rRNA cluster III isolated from soil of a Japanese rice field, and reclassification of Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 16 107 dep T-1-35 2056:2061 arg1 T 2097:2097 T 2097:2097 T 2097:2097 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 16 107 dep T-1-35 2056:2061 arg1 109520 2090:2095  = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520 2067:2095  = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T) 2067:2098 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 14 108 theme chartisolvens 1970:1982 arg1 sp 1995:1996 sp 1995:1996 sp 1995:1996 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 14 108 theme chartisolvens 1970:1982 arg1 nov. 1989:1992 Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov. 1954:1992 Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov. 1954:1992 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 14 108 theme chartisolvens 1970:1982 arg1 genus 1935:1939 a novel genus 1927:1939 a novel genus 1927:1939 On the basis of the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T-1-35(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, Anaerobacterium chartisolvens gen. nov., sp. 24425743 3 109 theme rice 461:464 arg1 field 466:470 a Japanese rice field 450:470 a Japanese rice field 450:470 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 12 110 theme Bacteroides 1429:1439 arg1 relative 1396:1403 The closest relative 1384:1403 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) 1384:1423 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 12 110 theme Bacteroides 1429:1439 arg1 T 1460:1460 T 1460:1460 T 1460:1460 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 12 110 theme Bacteroides 1429:1439 arg1 WM2 1456:1458 Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2 1429:1458 Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T) 1429:1461 The closest relative of strain T-1-35(T) was Bacteroides cellulosolvens WM2(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.4 %. 24425743 3 111 theme cultivable 396:405 arg1 bacterium 427:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium 385:435 a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 385:508 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 3 111 theme cultivable 396:405 arg1 strain 341:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain 307:346 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) 307:367 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 7 112 from °C 991:992 arg1 optimum 977:983 an optimum 974:983 an optimum at 35 °C 974:992 The temperature range for growth was 15-40 °C, with an optimum at 35 °C. 24425743 10 113 theme Major 1187:1191 arg1 acids 1208:1212 Major cellular fatty acids 1187:1212 Major cellular fatty acids 1187:1212 Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0 3-OH. 24425743 6 114 theme high 879:882 arg1 °C 907:908 up to 90 °C 898:908 up to 90 °C 898:908 Although no spore formation was observed, cells tolerated high temperatures, up to 90 °C for 10 min. 24425743 6 114 theme high 879:882 arg1 temperatures 884:895 high temperatures 879:895 high temperatures 879:895 Although no spore formation was observed, cells tolerated high temperatures, up to 90 °C for 10 min. 24425743 18 115 theme  = DSM 2418:2423 arg1 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 18 115 theme  = DSM 2418:2423 arg1 2944 2440:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944 2402:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T) 2402:2446 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 16 116 theme T 2080:2080 arg1 T 2097:2097 T 2097:2097 T 2097:2097 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 16 116 theme T 2080:2080 arg1 109520 2090:2095  = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520 2067:2095  = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T) 2067:2098 The type strain of Anaerobacterium chartisolvens is T-1-35(T) ( = DSM 27016(T) = NBRC 109520(T)). 24425743 3 117 theme anaerobic 478:486 arg1 degrader 501:508 an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 475:508 an anaerobic filter-paper degrader 475:508 An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain designated T-1-35(T) was isolated as a dominant cultivable cellulose-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field as an anaerobic filter-paper degrader. 24425743 8 118 theme pH 999:1000 arg1 range 1002:1006 The pH range 995:1006 The pH range for growth 995:1017 The pH range for growth was 5.5-9.0, with an optimum at pH 8.0-8.5 (slightly alkaliphilic). 24425743 8 118 theme pH 999:1000 arg1 5.5-9.0 1023:1029 5.5-9.0 1023:1029 5.5-9.0 1023:1029 The pH range for growth was 5.5-9.0, with an optimum at pH 8.0-8.5 (slightly alkaliphilic). 24425743 13 119 from relatives 1640:1648 arg1 distinct 1609:1616 distinct 1609:1616 distinct 1609:1616 Phenotypic, physiological and molecular genetic methods demonstrated that strain T-1-35(T) was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives (members of Clostridium rRNA cluster III) because it predominantly produced ethanol, iso-C13 : 0 3-OH was a major cellular fatty acid and it always exhibited pleomorphism. 24425743 17 120 theme phylogenetic 2139:2150 arg1 analysis 2152:2159 our phylogenetic analysis 2135:2159 our phylogenetic analysis 2135:2159 In addition, from the results of our phylogenetic analysis and its phenotypic features, the species Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al. 1984 is proposed to be reclassified in the new genus Pseudobacteroides as Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens gen. nov., comb. 24425743 4 121 theme rounded 596:602 arg1 ends 604:607 rounded ends 596:607 rounded ends 596:607 Cells of strain T-1-35(T) stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.0×3.5-15.0 µm, and motile by means of two to four polar flagella. 24425743 18 122 theme  = NRCC 2432:2438 arg1 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 T 2445:2445 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 18 122 theme  = NRCC 2432:2438 arg1 2944 2440:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944 2402:2443  = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T) 2402:2446 nov., with the type strain WM2(T) ( = ATCC 35603(T) = DSM 2933(T) = NRCC 2944(T)). 24425743 10 123 theme fatty 1202:1206 arg1 acids 1208:1212 Major cellular fatty acids 1187:1212 Major cellular fatty acids 1187:1212 Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0 3-OH. 24048874 5 0 theme fermentation 446:457 arg1 Products 416:423 Products 416:423 Products of glucose or starch fermentation 416:457 Products of glucose or starch fermentation were ethanol, CO2, formate, acetate and H2. 24048874 8 1 theme multivorans 769:779 arg1 % 799:799 98.5 % 794:799 98.5 % 794:799 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 1 theme multivorans 769:779 arg1 DSM 781:783 Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139 757:788 Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) 757:800 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 1 theme multivorans 769:779 arg1 T 790:790 T 790:790 T 790:790 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 1 theme multivorans 769:779 arg1 neighbours 721:730 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 696:730 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain 696:750 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 6 2 theme  0 541:542 arg1 ALDE 544:547  0 ALDE 541:547  0 ALDE 541:547 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 7 3 theme DNA 615:617 arg1 % 643:643 45.5 mol% 635:643 45.5 mol% 635:643 The DNA G+C content was 45.5 mol%. 24048874 7 3 theme DNA 615:617 arg1 content 623:629 The DNA G+C content 611:629 The DNA G+C content 611:629 The DNA G+C content was 45.5 mol%. 24048874 8 4 theme Acetivibrio 757:767 arg1 % 799:799 98.5 % 794:799 98.5 % 794:799 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 4 theme Acetivibrio 757:767 arg1 DSM 781:783 Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139 757:788 Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) 757:800 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 4 theme Acetivibrio 757:767 arg1 T 790:790 T 790:790 T 790:790 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 4 theme Acetivibrio 757:767 arg1 neighbours 721:730 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 696:730 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain 696:750 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 7 5 theme G+C 619:621 arg1 % 643:643 45.5 mol% 635:643 45.5 mol% 635:643 The DNA G+C content was 45.5 mol%. 24048874 7 5 theme G+C 619:621 arg1 content 623:629 The DNA G+C content 611:629 The DNA G+C content 611:629 The DNA G+C content was 45.5 mol%. 24048874 10 6 theme family 1317:1322 arg1 Clostridiaceae 1324:1337 the family Clostridiaceae 1313:1337 the family Clostridiaceae 1313:1337 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 3 7 theme taxonomic 177:185 arg1 study 187:191 A taxonomic study 175:191 A taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach 175:223 A taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach was performed on a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water. 24048874 12 8 theme species 1411:1417 arg1 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 12 8 theme species 1411:1417 arg1 strain 1392:1397 The type strain 1383:1397 The type strain of the type species 1383:1417 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 9 9 theme DNA-DNA 859:865 arg1 hybridization 867:879 DNA-DNA hybridization 859:879 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) 855:957 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) was determined to be only 30.2 %, demonstrating the separateness of the two species. 24048874 8 10 theme rRNA 650:653 arg1 analysis 669:676 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 646:676 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 646:676 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 6 11 dep C16  536:539 arg1  1ω7c 586:590  1ω7c 586:590  1ω7c 586:590 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 6 11 dep C16  536:539 arg1 feature 560:566 summed feature 3 553:568 summed feature 3 553:568 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 6 11 dep C16  536:539 arg1 ALDE 544:547  0 ALDE 541:547  0 ALDE 541:547 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 6 11 dep C16  536:539 arg1  1ω6c 604:608  1ω6c 604:608 C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c 536:608 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 6 11 dep C16  536:539 arg1 C16  599:602 C16  599:602 C16  599:602 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 10 12 theme novel 1277:1281 arg1 species 1283:1289 a novel species 1275:1289 a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp 1275:1375 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 12 13 theme type 1406:1409 arg1 species 1411:1417 the type species 1402:1417 the type species 1402:1417 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 9 14 theme hybridization 867:879 arg1 % 990:990 only 30.2 % 980:990 only 30.2 % 980:990 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) was determined to be only 30.2 %, demonstrating the separateness of the two species. 24048874 9 14 theme hybridization 867:879 arg1 value 881:885 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 855:885 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) 855:957 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) was determined to be only 30.2 %, demonstrating the separateness of the two species. 24048874 8 15 theme 16S 646:648 arg1 rRNA 650:653 16S rRNA 646:653 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 646:676 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 3 16 theme anaerobic 250:258 arg1 bacterium 260:268 a novel anaerobic bacterium 242:268 a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water 242:311 A taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach was performed on a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water. 24048874 8 17 theme Proteiniclasticum 806:822 arg1 T 842:842 T 842:842 T 842:842 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 17 theme Proteiniclasticum 806:822 arg1 14817 836:840 Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817 806:840 Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %) 806:852 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 17 theme Proteiniclasticum 806:822 arg1 % 851:851 95.4 % 846:851 95.4 % 846:851 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 13 18 dep Acetivibrio 1482:1492 arg1 multivorans 1494:1504 Acetivibrio multivorans 1482:1504 Acetivibrio multivorans 1482:1504 In addition, Acetivibrio multivorans is proposed to be reclassified as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 8 19 theme sequence 660:667 arg1 analysis 669:676 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 646:676 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 646:676 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 10 20 theme gen. 1363:1366 arg1 genus 1300:1304 a new genus 1294:1304 a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae 1294:1337 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 20 theme gen. 1363:1366 arg1 sp 1374:1375 sp 1374:1375 sp 1374:1375 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 20 theme gen. 1363:1366 arg1 nov. 1368:1371 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 1340:1371 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 1340:1371 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 1 21 theme natural 58:64 arg1 production-water 70:85 natural gas production-water 58:85 natural gas production-water 58:85 nov., isolated from natural gas production-water and reclassification of Acetivibrio multivorans as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 10 22 theme other 1184:1188 arg1 relatives 1196:1204 other close relatives 1184:1204 other close relatives 1184:1204 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 0 23 theme fragilis 14:21 arg1 nov. 28:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 0:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 0:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 8 24 theme gene 655:658 arg1 analysis 669:676 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 646:676 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 646:676 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 10 25 theme fragilis 1354:1361 arg1 genus 1300:1304 a new genus 1294:1304 a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae 1294:1337 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 25 theme fragilis 1354:1361 arg1 sp 1374:1375 sp 1374:1375 sp 1374:1375 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 25 theme fragilis 1354:1361 arg1 nov. 1368:1371 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 1340:1371 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 1340:1371 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 3 26 theme polyphasic 205:214 arg1 approach 216:223 a polyphasic approach 203:223 a polyphasic approach 203:223 A taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach was performed on a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water. 24048874 1 27 theme gas 66:68 arg1 production-water 70:85 natural gas production-water 58:85 natural gas production-water 58:85 nov., isolated from natural gas production-water and reclassification of Acetivibrio multivorans as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 8 28 theme JCM 832:834 arg1 T 842:842 T 842:842 T 842:842 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 28 theme JCM 832:834 arg1 14817 836:840 Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817 806:840 Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %) 806:852 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 28 theme JCM 832:834 arg1 % 851:851 95.4 % 846:851 95.4 % 846:851 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 0 29 theme Youngiibacter 0:12 arg1 nov. 28:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 0:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 0:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 1 30 attach isolated 44:51 arg2 nov. 38:41 nov. 38:41 nov. 38:41 nov., isolated from natural gas production-water and reclassification of Acetivibrio multivorans as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 1 30 attach isolated 44:51 arg1 production-water 70:85 natural gas production-water 58:85 natural gas production-water 58:85 nov., isolated from natural gas production-water and reclassification of Acetivibrio multivorans as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 1 30 attach isolated 44:51 arg1 reclassification 91:106 reclassification 91:106 reclassification of Acetivibrio multivorans 91:133 nov., isolated from natural gas production-water and reclassification of Acetivibrio multivorans as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 3 31 theme novel 244:248 arg1 bacterium 260:268 a novel anaerobic bacterium 242:268 a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water 242:311 A taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach was performed on a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water. 24048874 10 32 theme new 1296:1298 arg1 genus 1300:1304 a new genus 1294:1304 a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae 1294:1337 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 32 theme new 1296:1298 arg1 nov. 1368:1371 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 1340:1371 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 1340:1371 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 9 33 theme novel 899:903 arg1 organism 905:912 the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139 895:954 organism 905:912 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) was determined to be only 30.2 %, demonstrating the separateness of the two species. 24048874 9 33 theme novel 899:903 arg1 T 956:956 T 956:956 T 956:956 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) was determined to be only 30.2 %, demonstrating the separateness of the two species. 24048874 3 34 theme natural 284:290 arg1 production-water 296:311 natural gas production-water 284:311 natural gas production-water 284:311 A taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach was performed on a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water. 24048874 8 35 dep Proteiniclasticum 806:822 arg1 ruminis 824:830 ruminis 824:830 ruminis 824:830 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 10 36 theme Youngiibacter 1340:1352 arg1 genus 1300:1304 a new genus 1294:1304 a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae 1294:1337 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 36 theme Youngiibacter 1340:1352 arg1 sp 1374:1375 sp 1374:1375 sp 1374:1375 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 36 theme Youngiibacter 1340:1352 arg1 nov. 1368:1371 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 1340:1371 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 1340:1371 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 0 37 theme gen. 23:26 arg1 nov. 28:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 0:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 0:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 12 38 theme  = DSM 1451:1456 arg1 T 1464:1464 T 1464:1464 T 1464:1464 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 12 38 theme  = DSM 1451:1456 arg1 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 12 38 theme  = DSM 1451:1456 arg1 24749 1458:1462  = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749 1432:1462  = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T) 1432:1465 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 3 39 theme gas 292:294 arg1 production-water 296:311 natural gas production-water 284:311 natural gas production-water 284:311 A taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach was performed on a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water. 24048874 4 40 dep non-motile 367:376 arg1 rod-shaped 398:407 rod-shaped 398:407 rod-shaped 398:407 The bacterium stained Gram-negative and consisted of non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. 24048874 4 40 dep non-motile 367:376 arg1 non-spore-forming 379:395 non-spore-forming 379:395 non-spore-forming 379:395 The bacterium stained Gram-negative and consisted of non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. 24048874 10 41 theme genus 1300:1304 arg1 species 1283:1289 a novel species 1275:1289 a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp 1275:1375 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 42 theme close 1190:1194 arg1 relatives 1196:1204 other close relatives 1184:1204 other close relatives 1184:1204 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 9 43 theme Acetivibrio 918:928 arg1 DSM 947:949 the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139 895:954 DSM 947:949 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) was determined to be only 30.2 %, demonstrating the separateness of the two species. 24048874 8 44 theme phylogenetic 708:719 arg1 DSM 781:783 Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139 757:788 Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) 757:800 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 44 theme phylogenetic 708:719 arg1 neighbours 721:730 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 696:730 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain 696:750 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 13 45 theme Youngiibacter 1540:1552 arg1 comb 1566:1569 Youngiibacter multivorans comb 1540:1569 Youngiibacter multivorans comb 1540:1569 In addition, Acetivibrio multivorans is proposed to be reclassified as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 13 45 theme Youngiibacter 1540:1552 arg1 Acetivibrio 1482:1492 Acetivibrio 1482:1492 Acetivibrio 1482:1492 In addition, Acetivibrio multivorans is proposed to be reclassified as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 10 46 theme phenotypic 1067:1076 arg1 evidence 1097:1104 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence 1067:1104 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives 1067:1204 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 46 theme phenotypic 1067:1076 arg1 phylogenetic 1053:1064 phylogenetic 1053:1064 phylogenetic 1053:1064 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 4 47 theme non-motile 367:376 arg1 cells 409:413 non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped cells 367:413 non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped cells 367:413 The bacterium stained Gram-negative and consisted of non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. 24048874 12 48 theme  = ATCC 1432:1438 arg1 T 1464:1464 T 1464:1464 T 1464:1464 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 12 48 theme  = ATCC 1432:1438 arg1 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 12 48 theme  = ATCC 1432:1438 arg1 24749 1458:1462  = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749 1432:1462  = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T) 1432:1465 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 9 49 theme multivorans 930:940 arg1 DSM 947:949 the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139 895:954 DSM 947:949 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) was determined to be only 30.2 %, demonstrating the separateness of the two species. 24048874 8 50 theme nearest 700:706 arg1 DSM 781:783 Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139 757:788 Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) 757:800 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 50 theme nearest 700:706 arg1 neighbours 721:730 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 696:730 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain 696:750 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 12 51 theme type 1387:1390 arg1 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 12 51 theme type 1387:1390 arg1 strain 1392:1397 The type strain 1383:1397 The type strain of the type species 1383:1417 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 0 52 dep sp 34:35 arg1 nov. 28:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 0:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov. 0:31 Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 53 theme novel 1231:1235 arg1 isolate 1237:1243 the novel isolate 1227:1243 the novel isolate 1227:1243 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 9 54 theme PeC1 942:945 arg1 DSM 947:949 the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139 895:954 DSM 947:949 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) was determined to be only 30.2 %, demonstrating the separateness of the two species. 24048874 12 55 theme BAA-2257 1440:1447 arg1 T 1464:1464 T 1464:1464 T 1464:1464 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 12 55 theme BAA-2257 1440:1447 arg1 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 12 55 theme BAA-2257 1440:1447 arg1 24749 1458:1462  = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749 1432:1462  = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T) 1432:1465 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 6 56 theme fatty 519:523 arg1 C16  536:539 C16  536:539 C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c 536:608 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 6 56 theme fatty 519:523 arg1 acids 525:529 The predominant fatty acids 503:529 The predominant fatty acids 503:529 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 1 57 theme Acetivibrio 111:121 arg1 multivorans 123:133 Acetivibrio multivorans 111:133 Acetivibrio multivorans 111:133 nov., isolated from natural gas production-water and reclassification of Acetivibrio multivorans as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 3 58 attach isolated 270:277 arg2 bacterium 260:268 a novel anaerobic bacterium 242:268 a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water 242:311 A taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach was performed on a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water. 24048874 3 58 attach isolated 270:277 arg1 production-water 296:311 natural gas production-water 284:311 natural gas production-water 284:311 A taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach was performed on a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from natural gas production-water. 24048874 9 59 theme species 1035:1041 arg1 separateness 1011:1022 the separateness 1007:1022 the separateness of the two species 1007:1041 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between the novel organism and Acetivibrio multivorans PeC1 DSM 6139(T) was determined to be only 30.2 %, demonstrating the separateness of the two species. 24048874 1 60 theme multivorans 123:133 arg1 production-water 70:85 natural gas production-water 58:85 natural gas production-water 58:85 nov., isolated from natural gas production-water and reclassification of Acetivibrio multivorans as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 1 60 theme multivorans 123:133 arg1 reclassification 91:106 reclassification 91:106 reclassification of Acetivibrio multivorans 91:133 nov., isolated from natural gas production-water and reclassification of Acetivibrio multivorans as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 8 61 theme novel 739:743 arg1 strain 745:750 the novel strain 735:750 the novel strain 735:750 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 12 62 theme T 1449:1449 arg1 T 1464:1464 T 1464:1464 T 1464:1464 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 12 62 theme T 1449:1449 arg1 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 232.1 1422:1426 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 12 62 theme T 1449:1449 arg1 24749 1458:1462  = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749 1432:1462  = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T) 1432:1465 The type strain of the type species is 232.1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2257(T) = DSM 24749(T)). 24048874 6 63 theme summed 553:558 arg1 feature 560:566 summed feature 3 553:568 summed feature 3 553:568 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 7 64 theme mol 640:642 arg1 % 643:643 45.5 mol% 635:643 45.5 mol% 635:643 The DNA G+C content was 45.5 mol%. 24048874 7 64 theme mol 640:642 arg1 content 623:629 The DNA G+C content 611:629 The DNA G+C content 611:629 The DNA G+C content was 45.5 mol%. 24048874 6 65 theme predominant 507:517 arg1 C16  536:539 C16  536:539 C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c 536:608 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 6 65 theme predominant 507:517 arg1 acids 525:529 The predominant fatty acids 503:529 The predominant fatty acids 503:529 The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 ALDE and summed feature 3 comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. 24048874 10 66 theme strain 1133:1138 arg1 T 1146:1146 T 1146:1146 T 1146:1146 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 66 theme strain 1133:1138 arg1 232.1 1140:1144 strain 232.1 1133:1144 strain 232.1(T) 1133:1147 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 5 67 theme glucose 428:434 arg1 Products 416:423 Products 416:423 Products of glucose or starch fermentation 416:457 Products of glucose or starch fermentation were ethanol, CO2, formate, acetate and H2. 24048874 13 68 theme multivorans 1554:1564 arg1 comb 1566:1569 Youngiibacter multivorans comb 1540:1569 Youngiibacter multivorans comb 1540:1569 In addition, Acetivibrio multivorans is proposed to be reclassified as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 13 68 theme multivorans 1554:1564 arg1 Acetivibrio 1482:1492 Acetivibrio 1482:1492 Acetivibrio 1482:1492 In addition, Acetivibrio multivorans is proposed to be reclassified as Youngiibacter multivorans comb. 24048874 10 69 theme chemotaxonomic 1082:1095 arg1 evidence 1097:1104 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence 1067:1104 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives 1067:1204 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 10 69 theme chemotaxonomic 1082:1095 arg1 phylogenetic 1053:1064 phylogenetic 1053:1064 phylogenetic 1053:1064 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence that clearly distinguished strain 232.1(T) from Proteiniclasticum ruminis and other close relatives, it is proposed that the novel isolate be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Clostridiaceae, Youngiibacter fragilis gen. nov., sp. 24048874 5 70 theme starch 439:444 arg1 fermentation 446:457 starch fermentation 439:457 starch fermentation 439:457 Products of glucose or starch fermentation were ethanol, CO2, formate, acetate and H2. 24048874 8 71 theme strain 745:750 arg1 DSM 781:783 Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139 757:788 Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) 757:800 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 24048874 8 71 theme strain 745:750 arg1 neighbours 721:730 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 696:730 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain 696:750 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the novel strain were Acetivibrio multivorans DSM 6139(T) (98.5 %) and Proteiniclasticum ruminis JCM 14817(T) (95.4 %). 27211297 0 0 theme bone 88:91 arg1 engineering 100:110 bone tissue engineering 88:110 bone tissue engineering 88:110 Rheological, biocompatibility and osteogenesis assessment of fish collagen scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27211297 6 1 theme FAS/APO-1 912:920 arg1 FAS/APO-1 912:920 FAS/APO-1 912:920 FAS/APO-1 912:920 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 6 1 theme FAS/APO-1 912:920 arg1 amount 867:872 The decreased amount 853:872 The decreased amount of viable T-cells 853:890 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 6 1 theme FAS/APO-1 912:920 arg1 T-cells 884:890 viable T-cells 877:890 viable T-cells 877:890 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 6 1 theme FAS/APO-1 912:920 arg1 level 903:907 higher level 896:907 higher level of FAS/APO-1 896:920 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 7 2 theme cell 1147:1150 arg1 formation 1152:1160 osteoblast cell formation 1136:1160 osteoblast cell formation 1136:1160 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 7 3 theme Osteogenesis 1005:1016 arg1 study 1018:1022 Osteogenesis study 1005:1022 Osteogenesis study 1005:1022 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 9 4 theme collagen 1589:1596 arg1 scaffolds 1598:1606 mammalian collagen scaffolds 1579:1606 mammalian collagen scaffolds 1579:1606 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 9 5 theme composite 1342:1350 arg1 biomaterial 1504:1514 suitable biomaterial 1495:1514 suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application 1495:1556 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 9 5 theme composite 1342:1350 arg1 scaffolds 1352:1360 the composite scaffolds 1338:1360 the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties 1338:1488 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 8 6 theme ALP 1167:1169 arg1 activity 1171:1178 The ALP activity 1163:1178 The ALP activity 1163:1178 The ALP activity was significantly high in CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells, which suggests an enhanced bone-healing process. 27211297 8 6 theme ALP 1167:1169 arg1 high 1198:1201 high 1198:1201 high 1198:1201 The ALP activity was significantly high in CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells, which suggests an enhanced bone-healing process. 27211297 4 7 theme degradation 678:688 arg1 rate 690:693 degradation rate 678:693 degradation rate 678:693 Notably, addition of chitosan and HA (hydroxyapatite) improved the stiffness (11-23MPa) and degradation rate but lowered the water binding capacity and porosity of the scaffold. 27211297 8 8 theme bone-healing 1272:1283 arg1 process 1285:1291 an enhanced bone-healing process 1260:1291 an enhanced bone-healing process 1260:1291 The ALP activity was significantly high in CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells, which suggests an enhanced bone-healing process. 27211297 7 9 dep scaffolds 1100:1108 arg1 both 1067:1070 both 1067:1070 both 1067:1070 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 7 9 dep scaffolds 1100:1108 arg1 mammalian 1081:1089 mammalian 1081:1089 mammalian 1081:1089 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 9 10 theme osteogenesis 1466:1477 arg1 properties 1479:1488 osteogenesis properties 1466:1488 osteogenesis properties 1466:1488 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 0 11 theme tissue 93:98 arg1 engineering 100:110 bone tissue engineering 88:110 bone tissue engineering 88:110 Rheological, biocompatibility and osteogenesis assessment of fish collagen scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27211297 6 12 theme higher 896:901 arg1 level 903:907 higher level 896:907 higher level of FAS/APO-1 896:920 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 7 13 theme osteoblast 1136:1145 arg1 formation 1152:1160 osteoblast cell formation 1136:1160 osteoblast cell formation 1136:1160 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 5 14 theme in-vitro 828:835 arg1 biodegradation 837:850 complete in-vitro biodegradation 819:850 complete in-vitro biodegradation 819:850 Interestingly, CCH scaffolds remained for 3days before complete in-vitro biodegradation. 27211297 2 15 theme shark 390:394 arg1 cartilage 372:380 the cartilage 368:380 the cartilage of Blue shark 368:394 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 9 16 theme present 1309:1315 arg1 study 1317:1321 the present study 1305:1321 the present study 1305:1321 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 2 17 dep types 248:252 arg1 CCH 307:309 CCH 307:309 CCH 307:309 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 2 17 dep types 248:252 arg1 CHA 342:344 CHA 342:344 CHA 342:344 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 2 17 dep types 248:252 arg1 collagen 278:285 collagen 278:285 collagen 278:285 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 2 17 dep types 248:252 arg1 collagen-hydroxyapatite 317:339 collagen-hydroxyapatite 317:339 collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) 317:345 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 2 17 dep types 248:252 arg1 types 248:252 Three types 242:252 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - 242:347 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 2 17 dep types 248:252 arg1 collagen-chitosan 288:304 collagen-chitosan 288:304 collagen-chitosan (CCH) 288:310 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 6 18 theme T-cells 884:890 arg1 FAS/APO-1 912:920 FAS/APO-1 912:920 FAS/APO-1 912:920 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 6 18 theme T-cells 884:890 arg1 amount 867:872 The decreased amount 853:872 The decreased amount of viable T-cells 853:890 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 6 18 theme T-cells 884:890 arg1 T-cells 884:890 viable T-cells 877:890 viable T-cells 877:890 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 6 18 theme T-cells 884:890 arg1 level 903:907 higher level 896:907 higher level of FAS/APO-1 896:920 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 5 19 dep scaffolds 783:791 arg1 remained 793:800 remained 793:800 scaffolds remained for 3days before complete in-vitro biodegradation 783:850 Interestingly, CCH scaffolds remained for 3days before complete in-vitro biodegradation. 27211297 2 20 theme scaffolds 266:274 arg1 collagen 278:285 collagen 278:285 collagen 278:285 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 2 20 theme scaffolds 266:274 arg1 types 248:252 Three types 242:252 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - 242:347 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 2 20 theme scaffolds 266:274 arg1 collagen-chitosan 288:304 collagen-chitosan 288:304 collagen-chitosan (CCH) 288:310 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 2 20 theme scaffolds 266:274 arg1 collagen-hydroxyapatite 317:339 collagen-hydroxyapatite 317:339 collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) 317:345 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 8 21 theme enhanced 1263:1270 arg1 process 1285:1291 an enhanced bone-healing process 1260:1291 an enhanced bone-healing process 1260:1291 The ALP activity was significantly high in CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells, which suggests an enhanced bone-healing process. 27211297 2 22 theme physico-functional 423:440 arg1 properties 457:466 their physico-functional and mechanical properties 417:466 their physico-functional and mechanical properties 417:466 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 6 23 theme viable 877:882 arg1 T-cells 884:890 viable T-cells 877:890 viable T-cells 877:890 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 7 24 theme collagen 1091:1098 arg1 scaffolds 1100:1108 both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1067:1108 both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1067:1108 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 7 25 dep both 1067:1070 arg1 fish 1072:1075 fish 1072:1075 fish 1072:1075 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 3 26 theme viscosity 564:572 arg1 9.7-10.9cP 574:583 viscosity 9.7-10.9cP 564:583 viscosity 9.7-10.9cP 564:583 CCH scaffold was superior with pH 4.5-4.9 and viscosity 9.7-10.9cP. 27211297 9 27 theme bone 1522:1525 arg1 engineering 1534:1544 a bone tissue engineering 1520:1544 a bone tissue engineering application 1520:1556 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 8 28 theme CHA 1206:1208 arg1 cells 1238:1242 CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells 1206:1242 CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells 1206:1242 The ALP activity was significantly high in CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells, which suggests an enhanced bone-healing process. 27211297 6 29 theme scaffolds 994:1002 arg1 properties 962:971 the biocompatibility properties 941:971 the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds 941:1002 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 4 30 dep capacity 725:732 arg1 the 707:709 the 707:709 the 707:709 Notably, addition of chitosan and HA (hydroxyapatite) improved the stiffness (11-23MPa) and degradation rate but lowered the water binding capacity and porosity of the scaffold. 27211297 4 31 theme binding 717:723 arg1 capacity 725:732 water binding capacity 711:732 water binding capacity 711:732 Notably, addition of chitosan and HA (hydroxyapatite) improved the stiffness (11-23MPa) and degradation rate but lowered the water binding capacity and porosity of the scaffold. 27211297 6 32 theme collagen 985:992 arg1 scaffolds 994:1002 prepared collagen scaffolds 976:1002 prepared collagen scaffolds 976:1002 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 9 33 with collagen 1381:1388 arg1 rate 1434:1437 lower biodegradation rate 1413:1437 lower biodegradation rate 1413:1437 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 9 33 with collagen 1381:1388 arg1 biocompatible 1447:1459 biocompatible 1447:1459 biocompatible 1447:1459 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 9 33 with collagen 1381:1388 arg1 stiffness 1402:1410 higher stiffness 1395:1410 higher stiffness 1395:1410 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 9 33 with collagen 1381:1388 arg1 properties 1479:1488 osteogenesis properties 1466:1488 osteogenesis properties 1466:1488 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 5 34 theme complete 819:826 arg1 biodegradation 837:850 complete in-vitro biodegradation 819:850 complete in-vitro biodegradation 819:850 Interestingly, CCH scaffolds remained for 3days before complete in-vitro biodegradation. 27211297 8 35 theme osteoblast 1227:1236 arg1 cells 1238:1242 CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells 1206:1242 CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells 1206:1242 The ALP activity was significantly high in CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells, which suggests an enhanced bone-healing process. 27211297 6 36 theme prepared 976:983 arg1 scaffolds 994:1002 prepared collagen scaffolds 976:1002 prepared collagen scaffolds 976:1002 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 9 37 theme fish 1376:1379 arg1 collagen 1381:1388 fish collagen 1376:1388 fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties 1376:1488 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 1 38 theme mammalian 189:197 arg1 collagen 199:206 mammalian collagen 189:206 mammalian collagen 189:206 In the present investigation, an attempt was made to find an alternative to mammalian collagen with better osteogenesis ability. 27211297 9 39 theme higher 1395:1400 arg1 stiffness 1402:1410 higher stiffness 1395:1410 higher stiffness 1395:1410 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 7 40 from addition 1042:1049 arg1 scaffolds 1100:1108 both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1067:1108 both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1067:1108 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 2 41 theme Blue 385:388 arg1 shark 390:394 Blue shark 385:394 Blue shark 385:394 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 0 42 theme osteogenesis 34:45 arg1 assessment 47:56 osteogenesis assessment 34:56 osteogenesis assessment 34:56 Rheological, biocompatibility and osteogenesis assessment of fish collagen scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27211297 0 42 theme osteogenesis 34:45 arg1 Rheological 0:10 Rheological 0:10 Rheological 0:10 Rheological, biocompatibility and osteogenesis assessment of fish collagen scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27211297 3 43 with superior 535:542 arg1 pH 549:550 pH 4.5-4.9 549:558 pH 4.5-4.9 549:558 CCH scaffold was superior with pH 4.5-4.9 and viscosity 9.7-10.9cP. 27211297 3 43 with superior 535:542 arg1 9.7-10.9cP 574:583 viscosity 9.7-10.9cP 564:583 viscosity 9.7-10.9cP 564:583 CCH scaffold was superior with pH 4.5-4.9 and viscosity 9.7-10.9cP. 27211297 6 44 theme decreased 857:865 arg1 FAS/APO-1 912:920 FAS/APO-1 912:920 FAS/APO-1 912:920 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 6 44 theme decreased 857:865 arg1 amount 867:872 The decreased amount 853:872 The decreased amount of viable T-cells 853:890 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 6 44 theme decreased 857:865 arg1 T-cells 884:890 viable T-cells 877:890 viable T-cells 877:890 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 7 45 from HA 1061:1062 arg1 scaffolds 1100:1108 both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1067:1108 both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1067:1108 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 8 46 theme scaffold-treated 1210:1225 arg1 cells 1238:1242 CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells 1206:1242 CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells 1206:1242 The ALP activity was significantly high in CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells, which suggests an enhanced bone-healing process. 27211297 2 47 theme mechanical 446:455 arg1 properties 457:466 their physico-functional and mechanical properties 417:466 their physico-functional and mechanical properties 417:466 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 6 48 theme biocompatibility 945:960 arg1 properties 962:971 the biocompatibility properties 941:971 the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds 941:1002 The decreased amount of viable T-cells and higher level of FAS/APO-1 were substantiated the biocompatibility properties of prepared collagen scaffolds. 27211297 7 49 theme HA 1061:1062 arg1 addition 1042:1049 the addition 1038:1049 the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1038:1108 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 0 50 theme collagen 66:73 arg1 scaffold 75:82 fish collagen scaffold 61:82 fish collagen scaffold 61:82 Rheological, biocompatibility and osteogenesis assessment of fish collagen scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27211297 9 51 theme tissue 1527:1532 arg1 engineering 1534:1544 a bone tissue engineering 1520:1544 a bone tissue engineering application 1520:1556 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 9 52 theme lower 1413:1417 arg1 rate 1434:1437 lower biodegradation rate 1413:1437 lower biodegradation rate 1413:1437 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 1 53 with alternative 174:184 arg1 ability 233:239 better osteogenesis ability 213:239 better osteogenesis ability 213:239 In the present investigation, an attempt was made to find an alternative to mammalian collagen with better osteogenesis ability. 27211297 1 54 theme present 120:126 arg1 investigation 128:140 the present investigation 116:140 the present investigation 116:140 In the present investigation, an attempt was made to find an alternative to mammalian collagen with better osteogenesis ability. 27211297 9 55 theme biodegradation 1419:1432 arg1 rate 1434:1437 lower biodegradation rate 1413:1437 lower biodegradation rate 1413:1437 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 7 56 theme CH 1054:1055 arg1 addition 1042:1049 the addition 1038:1049 the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1038:1108 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 8 57 from high 1198:1201 arg1 cells 1238:1242 CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells 1206:1242 CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells 1206:1242 The ALP activity was significantly high in CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells, which suggests an enhanced bone-healing process. 27211297 2 58 theme collagen 257:264 arg1 scaffolds 266:274 collagen scaffolds 257:274 collagen scaffolds 257:274 Three types of collagen scaffolds - collagen, collagen-chitosan (CCH), and collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) - were prepared from the cartilage of Blue shark and investigated for their physico-functional and mechanical properties in relation to biocompatibility and osteogenesis. 27211297 4 59 theme water 711:715 arg1 capacity 725:732 water binding capacity 711:732 water binding capacity 711:732 Notably, addition of chitosan and HA (hydroxyapatite) improved the stiffness (11-23MPa) and degradation rate but lowered the water binding capacity and porosity of the scaffold. 27211297 7 60 from CH 1054:1055 arg1 scaffolds 1100:1108 both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1067:1108 both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1067:1108 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 1 61 theme better 213:218 arg1 ability 233:239 better osteogenesis ability 213:239 better osteogenesis ability 213:239 In the present investigation, an attempt was made to find an alternative to mammalian collagen with better osteogenesis ability. 27211297 4 62 theme scaffold 754:761 arg1 porosity 738:745 porosity 738:745 porosity 738:745 Notably, addition of chitosan and HA (hydroxyapatite) improved the stiffness (11-23MPa) and degradation rate but lowered the water binding capacity and porosity of the scaffold. 27211297 4 62 theme scaffold 754:761 arg1 capacity 725:732 water binding capacity 711:732 water binding capacity 711:732 Notably, addition of chitosan and HA (hydroxyapatite) improved the stiffness (11-23MPa) and degradation rate but lowered the water binding capacity and porosity of the scaffold. 27211297 7 63 from scaffolds 1100:1108 arg1 addition 1042:1049 the addition 1038:1049 the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds 1038:1108 Osteogenesis study revealed that the addition of CH and HA in both fish and mammalian collagen scaffolds could efficiently promote osteoblast cell formation. 27211297 9 64 theme mammalian 1579:1587 arg1 scaffolds 1598:1606 mammalian collagen scaffolds 1579:1606 mammalian collagen scaffolds 1579:1606 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 1 65 theme osteogenesis 220:231 arg1 ability 233:239 better osteogenesis ability 213:239 better osteogenesis ability 213:239 In the present investigation, an attempt was made to find an alternative to mammalian collagen with better osteogenesis ability. 27211297 0 66 theme scaffold 75:82 arg1 biocompatibility 13:28 biocompatibility 13:28 biocompatibility 13:28 Rheological, biocompatibility and osteogenesis assessment of fish collagen scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27211297 0 66 theme scaffold 75:82 arg1 assessment 47:56 osteogenesis assessment 34:56 osteogenesis assessment 34:56 Rheological, biocompatibility and osteogenesis assessment of fish collagen scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27211297 0 66 theme scaffold 75:82 arg1 Rheological 0:10 Rheological 0:10 Rheological 0:10 Rheological, biocompatibility and osteogenesis assessment of fish collagen scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27211297 9 67 theme engineering 1534:1544 arg1 application 1546:1556 a bone tissue engineering application 1520:1556 a bone tissue engineering application 1520:1556 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 3 68 theme CCH 518:520 arg1 scaffold 522:529 CCH scaffold 518:529 CCH scaffold 518:529 CCH scaffold was superior with pH 4.5-4.9 and viscosity 9.7-10.9cP. 27211297 9 69 theme suitable 1495:1502 arg1 biomaterial 1504:1514 suitable biomaterial 1495:1514 suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application 1495:1556 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 9 69 theme suitable 1495:1502 arg1 scaffolds 1352:1360 the composite scaffolds 1338:1360 the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties 1338:1488 Therefore, the present study concludes that the composite scaffolds prepared from fish collagen with higher stiffness, lower biodegradation rate, better biocompatible, and osteogenesis properties were suitable biomaterial for a bone tissue engineering application as an alternative to mammalian collagen scaffolds. 27211297 4 70 theme HA 620:621 arg1 addition 595:602 addition 595:602 addition of chitosan and HA (hydroxyapatite) 595:638 Notably, addition of chitosan and HA (hydroxyapatite) improved the stiffness (11-23MPa) and degradation rate but lowered the water binding capacity and porosity of the scaffold. 27211297 0 71 theme fish 61:64 arg1 scaffold 75:82 fish collagen scaffold 61:82 fish collagen scaffold 61:82 Rheological, biocompatibility and osteogenesis assessment of fish collagen scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27211297 8 72 from cells 1238:1242 arg1 activity 1171:1178 The ALP activity 1163:1178 The ALP activity 1163:1178 The ALP activity was significantly high in CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells, which suggests an enhanced bone-healing process. 27211297 8 72 from cells 1238:1242 arg1 high 1198:1201 high 1198:1201 high 1198:1201 The ALP activity was significantly high in CHA scaffold-treated osteoblast cells, which suggests an enhanced bone-healing process. 27211297 4 73 theme chitosan 607:614 arg1 addition 595:602 addition 595:602 addition of chitosan and HA (hydroxyapatite) 595:638 Notably, addition of chitosan and HA (hydroxyapatite) improved the stiffness (11-23MPa) and degradation rate but lowered the water binding capacity and porosity of the scaffold. 23978454 5 0 theme lower 1349:1353 arg1 limit 1355:1359 a lower limit 1347:1359 a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL 1347:1391 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 3 1 theme primary 955:961 arg1 Ab1 975:977 Ab1 975:977 Ab1 975:977 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 3 1 theme primary 955:961 arg1 antibodies 963:972 primary antibodies 955:972 primary antibodies (Ab1) 955:978 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 7 2 from determination 1618:1630 arg1 samples 1659:1665 real human serum samples 1642:1665 real human serum samples 1642:1665 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 4 3 theme trace 985:989 arg1 tag 991:993 The trace tag 981:993 The trace tag 981:993 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 7 4 from PCT 1635:1637 arg1 samples 1659:1665 real human serum samples 1642:1665 real human serum samples 1642:1665 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 2 5 theme immunosensor 613:624 arg1 array 626:630 a simple immunosensor array 604:630 a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag 604:675 Thus, a novel method for the determination of procalcitonin (PCT) was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor, which combined a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag. 23978454 4 6 theme PCT 1080:1082 arg1 HRP-Ab2 1094:1100 HRP-Ab2 1094:1100 HRP-Ab2 1094:1100 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 4 6 theme PCT 1080:1082 arg1 antibody 1084:1091 secondary PCT antibody 1070:1091 secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) 1070:1101 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 4 7 theme silica 1149:1154 arg1 nanoparticles 1156:1168 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 1138:1168 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 1138:1168 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 1 8 theme early 440:444 arg1 stages 446:451 the early stages 436:451 the early stages 436:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 1 9 theme organism 379:386 arg1 inflammation 397:408 organism systemic inflammation 379:408 organism systemic inflammation 379:408 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 7 10 theme satisfactory 1575:1586 arg1 results 1588:1594 satisfactory results 1575:1594 satisfactory results 1575:1594 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 4 11 theme horseradish 1039:1049 arg1 peroxidase 1051:1060 loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase 1011:1060 loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking 1011:1202 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 1 12 theme inflammation 397:408 arg1 types 370:374 major types 364:374 major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages 364:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 3 13 theme carbon 751:756 arg1 nanotubes 758:766 carbon nanotubes 751:766 carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 751:775 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 3 13 theme carbon 751:756 arg1 graphene 736:743 graphene 736:743 graphene (GC) 736:748 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 3 13 theme carbon 751:756 arg1 MWCNTs 769:774 MWCNTs 769:774 MWCNTs 769:774 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 1 14 theme bacterial 413:421 arg1 infection 423:431 bacterial infection 413:431 bacterial infection in the early stages 413:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 7 15 theme serum 1653:1657 arg1 samples 1659:1665 real human serum samples 1642:1665 real human serum samples 1642:1665 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 4 16 theme mesoporous 1138:1147 arg1 nanoparticles 1156:1168 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 1138:1168 mesoporous silica nanoparticles 1138:1168 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 2 17 theme sandwich-type 545:557 arg1 immunosensor 575:586 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 543:586 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 543:586 Thus, a novel method for the determination of procalcitonin (PCT) was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor, which combined a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag. 23978454 6 18 theme low 1485:1487 arg1 cost 1489:1492 low cost 1485:1492 low cost 1485:1492 In addition, the immunosensor exhibited convenience, low cost, rapidity, good specificity, acceptable stability and reproducibility. 23978454 7 19 theme real 1642:1645 arg1 samples 1659:1665 real human serum samples 1642:1665 real human serum samples 1642:1665 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 5 20 theme conventional 1224:1235 arg1 methods 1237:1243 conventional methods 1224:1243 conventional methods 1224:1243 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 0 21 theme signal 73:78 arg1 amplification 80:92 signal amplification 73:92 signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites 73:128 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites. 23978454 1 22 theme diagnostic 322:331 arg1 indicators 333:342 its most ideal diagnostic indicators 307:342 its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages 307:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 1 23 theme inflammation 161:172 arg1 attention 290:298 high attention 285:298 high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages 285:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 1 23 theme inflammation 161:172 arg1 medium 151:156 a medium 149:156 a medium of inflammation 149:172 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 7 24 theme PCT 1635:1637 arg1 determination 1618:1630 the determination 1614:1630 the determination of PCT in real human serum samples 1614:1665 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 1 25 from infection 423:431 arg1 stages 446:451 the early stages 436:451 the early stages 436:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 5 26 dep 350 1333:1335 arg1 to 1330:1331 to 1330:1331 to 1330:1331 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 7 27 theme developed 1688:1696 arg1 immunoassay 1698:1708 the developed immunoassay 1684:1708 the developed immunoassay 1684:1708 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 0 28 theme multiple 106:113 arg1 nanocomposites 115:128 multiple nanocomposites 106:128 multiple nanocomposites 106:128 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites. 23978454 6 29 theme acceptable 1523:1532 arg1 stability 1534:1542 acceptable stability 1523:1542 acceptable stability 1523:1542 In addition, the immunosensor exhibited convenience, low cost, rapidity, good specificity, acceptable stability and reproducibility. 23978454 0 30 theme Electrochemical 0:14 arg1 detection 54:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection 0:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection 0:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites. 23978454 3 31 theme transfer 883:890 arg1 rate 892:895 the electronic transfer rate 868:895 the electronic transfer rate 868:895 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 7 32 from application 1736:1746 arg1 detection 1760:1768 clinical detection 1751:1768 clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers 1751:1799 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 2 33 theme designed 658:665 arg1 tag 673:675 an effectively designed trace tag 643:675 a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag 604:675 Thus, a novel method for the determination of procalcitonin (PCT) was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor, which combined a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag. 23978454 0 34 theme for 28:30 arg1 detection 54:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection 0:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection 0:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites. 23978454 7 35 theme alternative 1807:1817 arg1 approach 1819:1826 an alternative approach 1804:1826 an alternative approach 1804:1826 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 7 35 theme alternative 1807:1817 arg1 application 1736:1746 application 1736:1746 application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers 1736:1799 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 5 36 theme proposed 1250:1257 arg1 immunosensor 1259:1270 the proposed immunosensor 1246:1270 the proposed immunosensor for PCT 1246:1278 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 0 37 theme antigen 46:52 arg1 detection 54:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection 0:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection 0:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites. 23978454 5 38 theme experimental 1407:1418 arg1 conditions 1420:1429 optimal experimental conditions 1399:1429 optimal experimental conditions 1399:1429 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 7 39 theme tumor 1787:1791 arg1 markers 1793:1799 other tumor markers 1781:1799 other tumor markers 1781:1799 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 1 40 theme severe 224:229 arg1 infections 241:250 severe bacterial infections 224:250 severe bacterial infections 224:250 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 5 41 from ng/mL 1337:1341 arg1 limit 1355:1359 a lower limit 1347:1359 a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL 1347:1391 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 5 41 from ng/mL 1337:1341 arg1 range 1314:1318 a better linear response range 1289:1318 a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL 1289:1341 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 4 42 theme loading 1011:1017 arg1 peroxidase 1051:1060 loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase 1011:1060 loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking 1011:1202 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 4 43 theme linking 1196:1202 arg1 thionine 1187:1194 thionine linking 1187:1202 thionine linking 1187:1202 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 3 44 theme working 830:836 arg1 electrode 838:846 the working electrode 826:846 the working electrode 826:846 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 1 45 theme infections 241:250 arg1 identification 206:219 the identification 202:219 the identification of severe bacterial infections 202:250 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 5 46 theme response 1305:1312 arg1 range 1314:1318 a better linear response range 1289:1318 a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL 1289:1341 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 1 47 theme recent 255:260 arg1 years 262:266 recent years 255:266 recent years 255:266 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 1 48 from stages 446:451 arg1 types 370:374 major types 364:374 major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages 364:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 3 49 theme large 939:943 arg1 number 945:950 a large number 937:950 a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1) 937:978 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 4 50 theme secondary 1070:1078 arg1 HRP-Ab2 1094:1100 HRP-Ab2 1094:1100 HRP-Ab2 1094:1100 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 4 50 theme secondary 1070:1078 arg1 antibody 1084:1091 secondary PCT antibody 1070:1091 secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) 1070:1101 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 5 51 theme detection 1364:1372 arg1 limit 1355:1359 a lower limit 1347:1359 a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL 1347:1391 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 5 51 theme detection 1364:1372 arg1 range 1314:1318 a better linear response range 1289:1318 a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL 1289:1341 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 1 52 theme new 188:190 arg1 marker 192:197 a new marker 186:197 a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years 186:266 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 2 53 theme simple 606:611 arg1 array 626:630 a simple immunosensor array 604:630 a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag 604:675 Thus, a novel method for the determination of procalcitonin (PCT) was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor, which combined a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag. 23978454 3 54 theme antibodies 963:972 arg1 number 945:950 a large number 937:950 a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1) 937:978 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 4 55 theme signal 1032:1037 arg1 peroxidase 1051:1060 loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase 1011:1060 loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking 1011:1202 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 3 56 from composite 813:821 arg1 electrode 838:846 the working electrode 826:846 the working electrode 826:846 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 1 57 theme systemic 388:395 arg1 inflammation 397:408 organism systemic inflammation 379:408 organism systemic inflammation 379:408 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 1 58 theme identification 206:219 arg1 marker 192:197 a new marker 186:197 a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years 186:266 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 2 59 theme electrochemical 559:573 arg1 immunosensor 575:586 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 543:586 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 543:586 Thus, a novel method for the determination of procalcitonin (PCT) was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor, which combined a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag. 23978454 1 60 theme infection 423:431 arg1 types 370:374 major types 364:374 major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages 364:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 3 61 theme GA 809:810 arg1 composite 813:821 glutaraldehyde (GA) composite 793:821 glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1) 793:978 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 3 61 theme GA 809:810 arg1 graphene 736:743 graphene 736:743 graphene (GC) 736:748 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 4 62 theme high-content 1019:1030 arg1 peroxidase 1051:1060 loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase 1011:1060 loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking 1011:1202 The trace tag was prepared by loading high-content signal horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary PCT antibody (HRP-Ab2) with AuNPs, which were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) through thionine linking. 23978454 0 63 theme amplification 80:92 arg1 strategy 94:101 signal amplification strategy 73:101 signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites 73:128 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites. 23978454 1 64 from marker 192:197 arg1 years 262:266 recent years 255:266 recent years 255:266 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 7 65 theme human 1647:1651 arg1 samples 1659:1665 real human serum samples 1642:1665 real human serum samples 1642:1665 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 1 66 with specificity 347:357 arg1 types 370:374 major types 364:374 major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages 364:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 5 67 theme pg/mL 1387:1391 arg1 LOD 1375:1377 LOD 1375:1377 LOD 1375:1377 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 5 67 theme pg/mL 1387:1391 arg1 detection 1364:1372 detection 1364:1372 detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL 1364:1391 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 3 68 theme glutaraldehyde 793:806 arg1 composite 813:821 glutaraldehyde (GA) composite 793:821 glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1) 793:978 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 3 68 theme glutaraldehyde 793:806 arg1 graphene 736:743 graphene 736:743 graphene (GC) 736:748 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 0 69 theme nanocomposites 115:128 arg1 strategy 94:101 signal amplification strategy 73:101 signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites 73:128 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites. 23978454 1 70 theme specificity 347:357 arg1 indicators 333:342 its most ideal diagnostic indicators 307:342 its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages 307:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 7 71 from samples 1659:1665 arg1 determination 1618:1630 the determination 1614:1630 the determination of PCT in real human serum samples 1614:1665 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 5 72 theme optimal 1399:1405 arg1 conditions 1420:1429 optimal experimental conditions 1399:1429 optimal experimental conditions 1399:1429 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 1 73 theme major 364:368 arg1 types 370:374 major types 364:374 major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages 364:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 2 74 theme procalcitonin 500:512 arg1 determination 483:495 the determination 479:495 the determination of procalcitonin (PCT) 479:518 Thus, a novel method for the determination of procalcitonin (PCT) was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor, which combined a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag. 23978454 0 75 theme immunoassay 16:26 arg1 detection 54:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection 0:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection 0:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites. 23978454 5 76 with comparison 1208:1217 arg1 methods 1237:1243 conventional methods 1224:1243 conventional methods 1224:1243 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 2 77 theme trace 667:671 arg1 tag 673:675 an effectively designed trace tag 643:675 a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag 604:675 Thus, a novel method for the determination of procalcitonin (PCT) was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor, which combined a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag. 23978454 0 78 theme procalcitonin 32:44 arg1 detection 54:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection 0:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection 0:62 Electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites. 23978454 1 79 theme high 285:288 arg1 attention 290:298 high attention 285:298 high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages 285:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 1 79 theme high 285:288 arg1 medium 151:156 a medium 149:156 a medium of inflammation 149:172 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 6 80 theme good 1505:1508 arg1 specificity 1510:1520 good specificity 1505:1520 good specificity 1505:1520 In addition, the immunosensor exhibited convenience, low cost, rapidity, good specificity, acceptable stability and reproducibility. 23978454 1 81 theme due 300:302 arg1 attention 290:298 high attention 285:298 high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages 285:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 1 81 theme due 300:302 arg1 medium 151:156 a medium 149:156 a medium of inflammation 149:172 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 7 82 theme markers 1793:1799 arg1 detection 1760:1768 clinical detection 1751:1768 clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers 1751:1799 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 3 83 theme electronic 872:881 arg1 rate 892:895 the electronic transfer rate 868:895 the electronic transfer rate 868:895 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 2 84 theme novel 462:466 arg1 method 468:473 a novel method 460:473 a novel method for the determination of procalcitonin (PCT) 460:518 Thus, a novel method for the determination of procalcitonin (PCT) was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor, which combined a simple immunosensor array as well as an effectively designed trace tag. 23978454 7 85 theme other 1781:1785 arg1 markers 1793:1799 other tumor markers 1781:1799 other tumor markers 1781:1799 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 3 86 theme surface 913:919 arg1 area 921:924 the surface area 909:924 the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1) 909:978 The immunosensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer coating graphene (GC), carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the working electrode, which can increase the electronic transfer rate and improve the surface area to capture a large number of primary antibodies (Ab1). 23978454 7 87 contain has 1710:1712 arg1 immunoassay 1698:1708 the developed immunoassay 1684:1708 the developed immunoassay 1684:1708 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 7 87 contain has 1710:1712 arg2 potential 1718:1726 the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach 1714:1826 the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach 1714:1826 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 7 88 theme PCT 1773:1775 arg1 detection 1760:1768 clinical detection 1751:1768 clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers 1751:1799 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 7 89 theme clinical 1751:1758 arg1 detection 1760:1768 clinical detection 1751:1768 clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers 1751:1799 Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained for the determination of PCT in real human serum samples, indicating that the developed immunoassay has the potential to find application in clinical detection of PCT and other tumor markers as an alternative approach. 23978454 1 90 theme bacterial 231:239 arg1 infections 241:250 severe bacterial infections 224:250 severe bacterial infections 224:250 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 23978454 5 91 theme linear 1298:1303 arg1 range 1314:1318 a better linear response range 1289:1318 a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL 1289:1341 In comparison with conventional methods, the proposed immunosensor for PCT provided a better linear response range from 0.01 to 350 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/mL under optimal experimental conditions. 23978454 1 92 from types 370:374 arg1 stages 446:451 the early stages 436:451 the early stages 436:451 Procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. 27699222 5 0 theme artery 729:734 arg1 remodeling 736:745 uterine artery remodeling 721:745 uterine artery remodeling 721:745 Here we investigated the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development. 27699222 4 1 theme cell 495:498 arg1 composition 500:510 adipose tissue immune cell composition 473:510 adipose tissue immune cell composition 473:510 Increasing evidence indicates that obesity results in major changes to adipose tissue immune cell composition and function; whether or not obesity also affects immune function in the uterus has not been explored. 27699222 4 2 theme tissue 481:486 arg1 composition 500:510 adipose tissue immune cell composition 473:510 adipose tissue immune cell composition 473:510 Increasing evidence indicates that obesity results in major changes to adipose tissue immune cell composition and function; whether or not obesity also affects immune function in the uterus has not been explored. 27699222 8 3 theme uNK 1111:1113 arg1 cells 1115:1119 uNK cells 1111:1119 uNK cells 1111:1119 Specifically, uNK cells were hyper-responsive to PDGF, resulting in overexpression of decorin. 27699222 10 4 theme immune 1453:1458 arg1 cells 1460:1464 uterine-resident immune cells 1436:1464 uterine-resident immune cells 1436:1464 Together, these findings establish a potentially new link between obesity and poor pregnancy outcomes, and indicate that obesity-driven changes to uterine-resident immune cells critically impair placental development. 27699222 10 5 theme new 1338:1340 arg1 link 1342:1345 a potentially new link 1324:1345 a potentially new link between obesity and poor pregnancy outcomes 1324:1389 Together, these findings establish a potentially new link between obesity and poor pregnancy outcomes, and indicate that obesity-driven changes to uterine-resident immune cells critically impair placental development. 27699222 7 6 theme factor 1079:1084 arg1 signaling 1086:1094 growth factor signaling 1072:1094 growth factor signaling 1072:1094 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 6 7 theme significant 844:854 arg1 reduction 856:864 a significant reduction 842:864 a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers 842:884 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 27699222 7 8 theme growth 1072:1077 arg1 signaling 1086:1094 growth factor signaling 1072:1094 growth factor signaling 1072:1094 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 1 9 theme women 101:105 arg1 one-fifth 73:81 one-fifth 73:81 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age 68:125 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age are obese, putting these women at risk for a variety of detrimental chronic diseases. 27699222 4 10 theme adipose 473:479 arg1 composition 500:510 adipose tissue immune cell composition 473:510 adipose tissue immune cell composition 473:510 Increasing evidence indicates that obesity results in major changes to adipose tissue immune cell composition and function; whether or not obesity also affects immune function in the uterus has not been explored. 27699222 5 11 theme obesity 650:656 arg1 effect 640:645 the effect 636:645 the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development 636:771 Here we investigated the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development. 27699222 4 12 theme Increasing 402:411 arg1 evidence 413:420 Increasing evidence 402:420 Increasing evidence 402:420 Increasing evidence indicates that obesity results in major changes to adipose tissue immune cell composition and function; whether or not obesity also affects immune function in the uterus has not been explored. 27699222 7 13 contain had 975:977 arg1 cells 943:947 uNK cells 939:947 uNK cells isolated from obese women 939:973 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 7 13 contain had 975:977 arg2 expression 987:996 altered expression 979:996 altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling 979:1094 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 10 14 theme obesity-driven 1410:1423 arg1 changes 1425:1431 obesity-driven changes 1410:1431 obesity-driven changes to uterine-resident immune cells 1410:1464 Together, these findings establish a potentially new link between obesity and poor pregnancy outcomes, and indicate that obesity-driven changes to uterine-resident immune cells critically impair placental development. 27699222 10 15 theme pregnancy 1372:1380 arg1 outcomes 1382:1389 poor pregnancy outcomes 1367:1389 poor pregnancy outcomes 1367:1389 Together, these findings establish a potentially new link between obesity and poor pregnancy outcomes, and indicate that obesity-driven changes to uterine-resident immune cells critically impair placental development. 27699222 1 16 theme Over 68:71 arg1 one-fifth 73:81 one-fifth 73:81 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age 68:125 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age are obese, putting these women at risk for a variety of detrimental chronic diseases. 27699222 4 17 from function 569:576 arg1 uterus 585:590 the uterus 581:590 the uterus 581:590 Increasing evidence indicates that obesity results in major changes to adipose tissue immune cell composition and function; whether or not obesity also affects immune function in the uterus has not been explored. 27699222 4 18 theme immune 488:493 arg1 composition 500:510 adipose tissue immune cell composition 473:510 adipose tissue immune cell composition 473:510 Increasing evidence indicates that obesity results in major changes to adipose tissue immune cell composition and function; whether or not obesity also affects immune function in the uterus has not been explored. 27699222 10 19 theme placental 1484:1492 arg1 development 1494:1504 placental development 1484:1504 placental development 1484:1504 Together, these findings establish a potentially new link between obesity and poor pregnancy outcomes, and indicate that obesity-driven changes to uterine-resident immune cells critically impair placental development. 27699222 0 20 from alterations 35:45 arg1 cells 61:65 uterine NK cells 50:65 uterine NK cells 50:65 Maternal obesity drives functional alterations in uterine NK cells. 27699222 7 21 theme extracellular 1036:1048 arg1 remodeling 1057:1066 extracellular matrix remodeling 1036:1066 extracellular matrix remodeling 1036:1066 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 7 22 attach isolated 949:956 arg1 women 969:973 obese women 963:973 obese women 963:973 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 7 22 attach isolated 949:956 arg2 cells 943:947 uNK cells 939:947 uNK cells isolated from obese women 939:973 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 7 23 theme genes 1001:1005 arg1 expression 987:996 altered expression 979:996 altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling 979:1094 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 6 24 theme uterine 912:918 arg1 remodeling 927:936 impaired uterine artery remodeling 903:936 impaired uterine artery remodeling 903:936 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 27699222 0 25 theme Maternal 0:7 arg1 obesity 9:15 Maternal obesity 0:15 Maternal obesity 0:15 Maternal obesity drives functional alterations in uterine NK cells. 27699222 6 26 theme cell 873:876 arg1 numbers 878:884 uNK cell numbers 869:884 uNK cell numbers 869:884 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 27699222 9 27 theme trophoblast 1267:1277 arg1 survival 1279:1286 trophoblast survival 1267:1286 trophoblast survival 1267:1286 Functionally, decorin strongly inhibited placental development by limiting trophoblast survival. 27699222 0 28 theme functional 24:33 arg1 alterations 35:45 functional alterations 24:45 functional alterations in uterine NK cells 24:65 Maternal obesity drives functional alterations in uterine NK cells. 27699222 6 29 theme artery 920:925 arg1 remodeling 927:936 impaired uterine artery remodeling 903:936 impaired uterine artery remodeling 903:936 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 27699222 10 30 theme uterine-resident 1436:1451 arg1 cells 1460:1464 uterine-resident immune cells 1436:1464 uterine-resident immune cells 1436:1464 Together, these findings establish a potentially new link between obesity and poor pregnancy outcomes, and indicate that obesity-driven changes to uterine-resident immune cells critically impair placental development. 27699222 1 31 theme American 92:99 arg1 women 101:105 North American women 86:105 North American women of childbearing age 86:125 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age are obese, putting these women at risk for a variety of detrimental chronic diseases. 27699222 4 32 theme immune 562:567 arg1 function 569:576 immune function 562:576 immune function in the uterus 562:590 Increasing evidence indicates that obesity results in major changes to adipose tissue immune cell composition and function; whether or not obesity also affects immune function in the uterus has not been explored. 27699222 2 33 theme major 268:272 arg1 complications 274:286 major complications 268:286 major complications 268:286 In addition, obesity increases the risk for developing major complications during pregnancy. 27699222 7 34 theme matrix 1050:1055 arg1 remodeling 1057:1066 extracellular matrix remodeling 1036:1066 extracellular matrix remodeling 1036:1066 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 8 35 theme decorin 1183:1189 arg1 overexpression 1165:1178 overexpression 1165:1178 overexpression of decorin 1165:1189 Specifically, uNK cells were hyper-responsive to PDGF, resulting in overexpression of decorin. 27699222 6 36 theme impaired 903:910 arg1 remodeling 927:936 impaired uterine artery remodeling 903:936 impaired uterine artery remodeling 903:936 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 27699222 5 37 theme placental 751:759 arg1 development 761:771 placental development 751:771 placental development 751:771 Here we investigated the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development. 27699222 7 38 theme pathways 1011:1018 arg1 expression 987:996 altered expression 979:996 altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling 979:1094 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 3 39 theme pregnancy 353:361 arg1 complications 363:375 pregnancy complications 353:375 pregnancy complications 353:375 The mechanisms by which obesity contributes to pregnancy complications and loss remain unknown. 27699222 1 40 theme detrimental 183:193 arg1 diseases 203:210 detrimental chronic diseases 183:210 detrimental chronic diseases 183:210 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age are obese, putting these women at risk for a variety of detrimental chronic diseases. 27699222 0 41 theme NK 58:59 arg1 cells 61:65 uterine NK cells 50:65 uterine NK cells 50:65 Maternal obesity drives functional alterations in uterine NK cells. 27699222 4 42 theme major 456:460 arg1 changes 462:468 major changes 456:468 major changes to adipose tissue immune cell composition and function 456:523 Increasing evidence indicates that obesity results in major changes to adipose tissue immune cell composition and function; whether or not obesity also affects immune function in the uterus has not been explored. 27699222 7 43 theme altered 979:985 arg1 expression 987:996 altered expression 979:996 altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling 979:1094 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 0 44 theme uterine 50:56 arg1 cells 61:65 uterine NK cells 50:65 uterine NK cells 50:65 Maternal obesity drives functional alterations in uterine NK cells. 27699222 7 45 theme uNK 939:941 arg1 cells 943:947 uNK cells 939:947 uNK cells isolated from obese women 939:973 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 5 46 theme uterine 661:667 arg1 uNK 685:687 uNK 685:687 uNK 685:687 Here we investigated the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development. 27699222 5 46 theme uterine 661:667 arg1 killer 677:682 uterine natural killer 661:682 uterine natural killer (uNK) cells 661:694 Here we investigated the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development. 27699222 6 47 theme women 806:810 arg1 cohort 782:787 a cohort 780:787 a cohort of obese or lean women 780:810 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 27699222 1 48 theme childbearing 110:121 arg1 age 123:125 childbearing age 110:125 childbearing age 110:125 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age are obese, putting these women at risk for a variety of detrimental chronic diseases. 27699222 5 49 from effect 640:645 arg1 cells 690:694 uterine natural killer (uNK) cells 661:694 uterine natural killer (uNK) cells 661:694 Here we investigated the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development. 27699222 5 50 theme natural 669:675 arg1 uNK 685:687 uNK 685:687 uNK 685:687 Here we investigated the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development. 27699222 5 50 theme natural 669:675 arg1 killer 677:682 uterine natural killer 661:682 uterine natural killer (uNK) cells 661:694 Here we investigated the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development. 27699222 6 51 theme lean 801:804 arg1 women 806:810 obese or lean women 792:810 obese or lean women 792:810 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 27699222 7 52 theme obese 963:967 arg1 women 969:973 obese women 963:973 obese women 963:973 uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. 27699222 1 53 theme age 123:125 arg1 women 101:105 North American women 86:105 North American women of childbearing age 86:125 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age are obese, putting these women at risk for a variety of detrimental chronic diseases. 27699222 1 54 theme chronic 195:201 arg1 diseases 203:210 detrimental chronic diseases 183:210 detrimental chronic diseases 183:210 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age are obese, putting these women at risk for a variety of detrimental chronic diseases. 27699222 5 55 theme killer 677:682 arg1 cells 690:694 uterine natural killer (uNK) cells 661:694 uterine natural killer (uNK) cells 661:694 Here we investigated the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development. 27699222 10 56 theme poor 1367:1370 arg1 outcomes 1382:1389 poor pregnancy outcomes 1367:1389 poor pregnancy outcomes 1367:1389 Together, these findings establish a potentially new link between obesity and poor pregnancy outcomes, and indicate that obesity-driven changes to uterine-resident immune cells critically impair placental development. 27699222 9 57 theme placental 1233:1241 arg1 development 1243:1253 placental development 1233:1253 placental development 1233:1253 Functionally, decorin strongly inhibited placental development by limiting trophoblast survival. 27699222 1 58 theme diseases 203:210 arg1 variety 172:178 a variety 170:178 a variety of detrimental chronic diseases 170:210 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age are obese, putting these women at risk for a variety of detrimental chronic diseases. 27699222 1 58 theme diseases 203:210 arg1 diseases 203:210 detrimental chronic diseases 183:210 detrimental chronic diseases 183:210 Over one-fifth of North American women of childbearing age are obese, putting these women at risk for a variety of detrimental chronic diseases. 27699222 6 59 from reduction 856:864 arg1 numbers 878:884 uNK cell numbers 869:884 uNK cell numbers 869:884 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 27699222 6 60 theme obese 792:796 arg1 women 806:810 obese or lean women 792:810 obese or lean women 792:810 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 27699222 5 61 theme uterine 721:727 arg1 remodeling 736:745 uterine artery remodeling 721:745 uterine artery remodeling 721:745 Here we investigated the effect of obesity on uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, which are essential for uterine artery remodeling and placental development. 27699222 6 62 theme uNK 869:871 arg1 numbers 878:884 uNK cell numbers 869:884 uNK cell numbers 869:884 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 27699222 6 63 dep led 835:837 arg1 accompanied 886:896 accompanied 886:896 accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling 886:936 Using a cohort of obese or lean women, we found that obesity led to a significant reduction in uNK cell numbers accompanied with impaired uterine artery remodeling. 28884678 2 0 theme novel 96:100 arg1 strain 102:107 A novel strain 94:107 A novel strain designated Aerobe-19T 94:129 A novel strain designated Aerobe-19T was isolated from a soil sample collected from a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea. 28884678 6 1 theme 16S 592:594 arg1 similarities 615:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 592:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively 592:737 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 4 2 with circular 310:317 arg1 edges 331:335 entire edges 324:335 entire edges 324:335 Colonies were circular with entire edges, convex, opaque and pale yellow. 28884678 5 3 theme NaCl 479:482 arg1 presence 453:460 the presence 449:460 the presence of 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 449:482 The strain grew at 15-30 ˚C (optimum, 30 ˚C), pH 5.0-7.0 (optimum, 6.0) and in the presence of 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 28884678 5 4 dep % 471:471 arg1 w/v 474:476 w/v 474:476 w/v 474:476 The strain grew at 15-30 ˚C (optimum, 30 ˚C), pH 5.0-7.0 (optimum, 6.0) and in the presence of 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 28884678 14 5 theme =KCTC 1343:1347 arg1 Aerobe-19T 1318:1327 Aerobe-19T 1318:1327 Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T) 1318:1368 The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T). 28884678 14 5 theme =KCTC 1343:1347 arg1 111450T 1361:1367 =KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T 1330:1367 =KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T 1330:1367 The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T). 28884678 11 6 theme 73.9 mol 1113:1120 arg1 G+C content 1083:1093 The DNA G+C content 1075:1093 The DNA G+C content of this stain 1075:1107 The DNA G+C content of this stain was 73.9 mol%. 28884678 11 6 theme 73.9 mol 1113:1120 arg1 % 1121:1121 73.9 mol% 1113:1121 73.9 mol% 1113:1121 The DNA G+C content of this stain was 73.9 mol%. 28884678 7 7 dep anteiso-C17  776:787 arg1  0 789:790  0 789:790  0 789:790 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 7 7 dep anteiso-C17  776:787 arg1  0 835:836  0 835:836  0 835:836 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 7 7 dep anteiso-C17  776:787 arg1 iso-C16  826:833 iso-C16  826:833 iso-C16  826:833 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 7 7 dep anteiso-C17  776:787 arg1  0 802:803  0 802:803  0 802:803 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 7 7 dep anteiso-C17  776:787 arg1  0 819:820  0 819:820  0 819:820 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 12 8 theme genus 1224:1228 arg1 Oryzihumus 1230:1239 the genus Oryzihumus 1220:1239 the genus Oryzihumus 1220:1239 On the basis of data presented, strain Aerobe-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 7 9 theme cellular 750:757 arg1 anteiso-C17  776:787 anteiso-C17  776:787 anteiso-C17  776:787 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 7 9 theme cellular 750:757 arg1 acids 765:769 The major cellular fatty acids 740:769 The major cellular fatty acids 740:769 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 6 10 theme NRRL 677:680 arg1 B-24347T 682:689 Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T 652:689 Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T 652:689 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 9 11 theme lipids 892:897 arg1 profile 899:905 The polar lipids profile 882:905 The polar lipids profile 882:905 The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. 28884678 10 12 theme peptidoglycan 1047:1059 arg1 type 1061:1064 The peptidoglycan type 1043:1064 The peptidoglycan type 1043:1064 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ. 28884678 10 12 theme peptidoglycan 1047:1059 arg1 A1γ 1070:1072 A1γ 1070:1072 A1γ 1070:1072 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ. 28884678 7 13 theme major 744:748 arg1 anteiso-C17  776:787 anteiso-C17  776:787 anteiso-C17  776:787 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 7 13 theme major 744:748 arg1 acids 765:769 The major cellular fatty acids 740:769 The major cellular fatty acids 740:769 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 6 14 theme leptocrescens 663:675 arg1 B-24347T 682:689 Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T 652:689 Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T 652:689 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 1 15 theme emended 49:55 arg1 description 57:67 emended description 49:67 emended description of the genus Oryzihumus 49:91 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Oryzihumus. 28884678 2 16 from located 185:191 arg1 University 211:220 University 211:220 University 211:220 A novel strain designated Aerobe-19T was isolated from a soil sample collected from a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea. 28884678 9 17 theme unknown 1027:1033 arg1 lipids 1035:1040 unknown lipids 1027:1040 unknown lipids 1027:1040 The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. 28884678 14 18 theme 18485T 1336:1341 arg1 Aerobe-19T 1318:1327 Aerobe-19T 1318:1327 Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T) 1318:1368 The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T). 28884678 14 18 theme 18485T 1336:1341 arg1 111450T 1361:1367 =KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T 1330:1367 =KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T 1330:1367 The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T). 28884678 12 19 theme name 1256:1259 arg1 sp 1277:1278 the name Oryzihumus soli sp 1252:1278 the name Oryzihumus soli sp 1252:1278 On the basis of data presented, strain Aerobe-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 5 20 theme % 471:471 arg1 NaCl 479:482 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 465:482 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 465:482 The strain grew at 15-30 ˚C (optimum, 30 ˚C), pH 5.0-7.0 (optimum, 6.0) and in the presence of 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 28884678 12 21 theme Oryzihumus 1230:1239 arg1 species 1209:1215 a novel species 1201:1215 a novel species 1201:1215 On the basis of data presented, strain Aerobe-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 6 22 theme Oryzihumus 570:579 arg1 members 549:555 members 549:555 members of the genus Oryzihumus 549:579 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 0 23 theme soli 11:14 arg1 sp 16:17 Oryzihumus soli sp 0:17 Oryzihumus soli sp. 0:18 Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 14 24 theme =KACC 1330:1334 arg1 Aerobe-19T 1318:1327 Aerobe-19T 1318:1327 Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T) 1318:1368 The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T). 28884678 14 24 theme =KACC 1330:1334 arg1 111450T 1361:1367 =KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T 1330:1367 =KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T 1330:1367 The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T). 28884678 12 25 theme novel 1203:1207 arg1 species 1209:1215 a novel species 1201:1215 a novel species 1201:1215 On the basis of data presented, strain Aerobe-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 6 26 theme genus 564:568 arg1 Oryzihumus 570:579 the genus Oryzihumus 560:579 the genus Oryzihumus 560:579 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 0 27 theme Oryzihumus 0:9 arg1 sp 16:17 Oryzihumus soli sp 0:17 Oryzihumus soli sp. 0:18 Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 9 28 theme lipids 1035:1040 arg1 presence 920:927 the presence 916:927 the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids 916:1040 The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. 28884678 6 29 theme % 645:645 arg1 similarities 615:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 592:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively 592:737 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 6 30 dep Oryzihumus 695:704 arg1 terrae 706:711 terrae 706:711 terrae 706:711 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 11 31 theme DNA 1079:1081 arg1 G+C content 1083:1093 The DNA G+C content 1075:1093 The DNA G+C content of this stain 1075:1107 The DNA G+C content of this stain was 73.9 mol%. 28884678 11 31 theme DNA 1079:1081 arg1 % 1121:1121 73.9 mol% 1113:1121 73.9 mol% 1113:1121 The DNA G+C content of this stain was 73.9 mol%. 28884678 8 32 theme predominant 843:853 arg1 MK-8 871:874 MK-8 871:874 MK-8 (H4) 871:879 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8 (H4). 28884678 8 32 theme predominant 843:853 arg1 menaquinone 855:865 The predominant menaquinone 839:865 The predominant menaquinone 839:865 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8 (H4). 28884678 1 33 theme genus 76:80 arg1 Oryzihumus 82:91 the genus Oryzihumus 72:91 the genus Oryzihumus 72:91 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Oryzihumus. 28884678 2 34 from University 211:220 arg1 located 185:191 located 185:191 located 185:191 A novel strain designated Aerobe-19T was isolated from a soil sample collected from a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea. 28884678 9 35 theme unknown 1002:1008 arg1 phospholipid 1010:1021 unknown phospholipid 1002:1021 unknown phospholipid 1002:1021 The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. 28884678 1 36 theme Oryzihumus 82:91 arg1 soil 40:43 soil 40:43 soil 40:43 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Oryzihumus. 28884678 1 36 theme Oryzihumus 82:91 arg1 description 57:67 emended description 49:67 emended description of the genus Oryzihumus 49:91 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Oryzihumus. 28884678 9 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 932:953 arg1 presence 920:927 the presence 916:927 the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids 916:1040 The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. 28884678 6 38 with % 645:645 arg1 B-24347T 682:689 Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T 652:689 Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T 652:689 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 2 39 theme soil 151:154 arg1 sample 156:161 a soil sample 149:161 a soil sample collected from a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea 149:229 A novel strain designated Aerobe-19T was isolated from a soil sample collected from a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea. 28884678 4 40 dep circular 310:317 arg1 yellow 362:367 yellow 362:367 yellow 362:367 Colonies were circular with entire edges, convex, opaque and pale yellow. 28884678 6 41 with 16543T 718:723 arg1 B-24347T 682:689 Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T 652:689 Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T 652:689 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 9 42 theme glycolipids 956:966 arg1 presence 920:927 the presence 916:927 the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids 916:1040 The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. 28884678 5 43 dep optimum 428:434 arg1 6.0 437:439 6.0 437:439 6.0 437:439 The strain grew at 15-30 ˚C (optimum, 30 ˚C), pH 5.0-7.0 (optimum, 6.0) and in the presence of 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 28884678 11 44 theme stain 1103:1107 arg1 G+C content 1083:1093 The DNA G+C content 1075:1093 The DNA G+C content of this stain 1075:1107 The DNA G+C content of this stain was 73.9 mol%. 28884678 11 44 theme stain 1103:1107 arg1 % 1121:1121 73.9 mol% 1113:1121 73.9 mol% 1113:1121 The DNA G+C content of this stain was 73.9 mol%. 28884678 14 45 theme 39705T=NBRC 1349:1359 arg1 Aerobe-19T 1318:1327 Aerobe-19T 1318:1327 Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T) 1318:1368 The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T). 28884678 14 45 theme 39705T=NBRC 1349:1359 arg1 111450T 1361:1367 =KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T 1330:1367 =KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T 1330:1367 The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T). 28884678 6 46 theme KACC 713:716 arg1 16543T 718:723 Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T 695:723 Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T 695:723 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 6 47 theme 16543T 718:723 arg1 similarities 615:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 592:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively 592:737 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 2 48 theme located 185:191 arg1 lawn 180:183 a lawn 178:183 a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea 178:229 A novel strain designated Aerobe-19T was isolated from a soil sample collected from a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea. 28884678 9 49 theme unknown 969:975 arg1 amino-glycophospholipid 977:999 unknown amino-glycophospholipid 969:999 unknown amino-glycophospholipid 969:999 The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. 28884678 2 50 attach isolated 135:142 arg1 sample 156:161 a soil sample 149:161 a soil sample collected from a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea 149:229 A novel strain designated Aerobe-19T was isolated from a soil sample collected from a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea. 28884678 2 50 attach isolated 135:142 arg2 strain 102:107 A novel strain 94:107 A novel strain designated Aerobe-19T 94:129 A novel strain designated Aerobe-19T was isolated from a soil sample collected from a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea. 28884678 9 51 theme polar 886:890 arg1 profile 899:905 The polar lipids profile 882:905 The polar lipids profile 882:905 The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. 28884678 6 52 theme Oryzihumus 652:661 arg1 B-24347T 682:689 Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T 652:689 Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T 652:689 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 12 53 dep data 1140:1143 arg1 basis 1131:1135 basis 1131:1135 basis 1131:1135 On the basis of data presented, strain Aerobe-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 12 53 dep data 1140:1143 arg1 the 1127:1129 the 1127:1129 the 1127:1129 On the basis of data presented, strain Aerobe-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 4 54 theme entire 324:329 arg1 edges 331:335 entire edges 324:335 entire edges 324:335 Colonies were circular with entire edges, convex, opaque and pale yellow. 28884678 7 55 theme fatty 759:763 arg1 anteiso-C17  776:787 anteiso-C17  776:787 anteiso-C17  776:787 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 7 55 theme fatty 759:763 arg1 acids 765:769 The major cellular fatty acids 740:769 The major cellular fatty acids 740:769 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28884678 9 56 theme amino-glycophospholipid 977:999 arg1 presence 920:927 the presence 916:927 the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids 916:1040 The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. 28884678 5 57 theme 0-0.5  465:470 arg1 % 471:471 % 471:471 % 471:471 The strain grew at 15-30 ˚C (optimum, 30 ˚C), pH 5.0-7.0 (optimum, 6.0) and in the presence of 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 28884678 9 58 theme phospholipid 1010:1021 arg1 presence 920:927 the presence 916:927 the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids 916:1040 The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. 28884678 6 59 theme sequence 606:613 arg1 similarities 615:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 592:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively 592:737 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 14 60 theme type 1303:1306 arg1 Aerobe-19T 1318:1327 Aerobe-19T 1318:1327 Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T) 1318:1368 The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T). 28884678 14 60 theme type 1303:1306 arg1 strain 1308:1313 The type strain 1299:1313 The type strain 1299:1313 The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T). 28884678 6 61 theme Oryzihumus 695:704 arg1 16543T 718:723 Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T 695:723 Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T 695:723 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 6 62 theme gene 601:604 arg1 similarities 615:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 592:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively 592:737 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 12 63 theme soli 1272:1275 arg1 sp 1277:1278 the name Oryzihumus soli sp 1252:1278 the name Oryzihumus soli sp 1252:1278 On the basis of data presented, strain Aerobe-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 12 64 theme strain 1156:1161 arg1 Aerobe-19T 1163:1172 strain Aerobe-19T 1156:1172 strain Aerobe-19T 1156:1172 On the basis of data presented, strain Aerobe-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 6 65 theme rRNA 596:599 arg1 similarities 615:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 592:626 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively 592:737 Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. 28884678 12 66 theme Oryzihumus 1261:1270 arg1 sp 1277:1278 the name Oryzihumus soli sp 1252:1278 the name Oryzihumus soli sp 1252:1278 On the basis of data presented, strain Aerobe-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus soli sp. 28884678 5 67 dep optimum 399:405 arg1 30 ˚C 408:412 30 ˚C 408:412 30 ˚C 408:412 The strain grew at 15-30 ˚C (optimum, 30 ˚C), pH 5.0-7.0 (optimum, 6.0) and in the presence of 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 28714841 8 0 theme traits 1191:1196 arg1 analyses 1103:1110 analyses 1103:1110 analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) 1103:1269 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 0 theme traits 1191:1196 arg1 tests 1093:1097 biochemical tests 1081:1097 biochemical tests 1081:1097 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 4 1 theme thermophilic 608:619 arg1 bifidobacteria 621:634 thermophilic bifidobacteria 608:634 thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 608:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 7 2 theme 16S 917:919 arg1 rRNA 921:924 identical 16S rRNA 907:924 identical 16S rRNA 907:924 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 8 3 theme peptidoglycan 1199:1211 arg1 structure 1213:1221 peptidoglycan structure 1199:1221 peptidoglycan structure 1199:1221 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 4 4 theme DSM 699:701 arg1 20210T 703:708 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T 670:708 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T 670:708 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 4 theme DSM 699:701 arg1 20432T 662:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 8 5 theme bacterial 1023:1031 arg1 group 1033:1037 the bacterial group 1019:1037 the bacterial group 1019:1037 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 10 6 theme evaluated 1649:1657 arg1 isolate 1669:1675 the evaluated bacterial isolate 1645:1675 the evaluated bacterial isolate 1645:1675 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 1 7 attach isolated 62:69 arg2 actinobacterium 46:60 a thermophilic actinobacterium 31:60 a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) 31:120 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 1 7 attach isolated 62:69 arg2 Sus 110:112 Sus 110:112 Sus 110:112 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 1 7 attach isolated 62:69 arg1 tract 90:94 the digestive tract 76:94 the digestive tract of wild pigs 76:107 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 7 8 theme bacterial 884:892 arg1 isolates 894:901 All three bacterial isolates 874:901 All three bacterial isolates 874:901 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 8 9 theme fatty 1233:1237 arg1 acids 1239:1243 cellular fatty acids 1224:1243 cellular fatty acids 1224:1243 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 2 10 theme strains 273:279 arg1 presence 245:252 the presence 241:252 the presence of bifidobacterial strains 241:279 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region were examined for the presence of bifidobacterial strains. 28714841 9 11 dep 53 1438:1439 arg1 to 1435:1436 to 1435:1436 to 1435:1436 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 4 12 theme Bifidobacterium 670:684 arg1 20210T 703:708 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T 670:708 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T 670:708 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 12 theme Bifidobacterium 670:684 arg1 20432T 662:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 5 13 theme Bifidobacterium 771:785 arg1 21689T 763:768 porcinum LMG 21689T 750:768 porcinum LMG 21689T 750:768 porcinum LMG 21689T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 5 13 theme Bifidobacterium 771:785 arg1 thermacidophilumsubsp 787:807 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 771:807 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 771:807 porcinum LMG 21689T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 2 14 theme Central 200:206 arg1 region 216:221 the Central Bohemia region 196:221 the Central Bohemia region 196:221 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region were examined for the presence of bifidobacterial strains. 28714841 11 15 dep sp 1829:1830 arg1 apri 1814:1817 The name Bifidobacterium apri 1789:1817 The name Bifidobacterium apri (of boar) 1789:1827 The name Bifidobacterium apri (of boar) sp. 28714841 1 16 dep actinobacterium 46:60 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 5 17 theme porcinum 750:757 arg1 21689T 763:768 porcinum LMG 21689T 750:768 porcinum LMG 21689T 750:768 porcinum LMG 21689T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 5 17 theme porcinum 750:757 arg1 thermacidophilumsubsp 787:807 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 771:807 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 771:807 porcinum LMG 21689T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 9 18 theme DNA-DNA 1291:1297 arg1 analyses 1313:1320 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses 1287:1320 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T 1287:1330 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 4 19 theme them 434:437 arg1 them 434:437 them 434:437 them 434:437 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 19 theme them 434:437 arg1 Three 425:429 Three 425:429 Three 425:429 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 9 20 theme RP115T 1325:1330 arg1 analyses 1313:1320 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses 1287:1320 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T 1287:1330 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 9 20 theme RP115T 1325:1330 arg1 species 1336:1342 species 1336:1342 species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria 1336:1396 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 8 21 theme G+C 1047:1049 arg1 content 1051:1057 DNA G+C content 1043:1057 DNA G+C content (mol%) determination 1043:1078 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 21 theme G+C 1047:1049 arg1 % 1063:1063 mol% 1060:1063 mol% 1060:1063 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 12 22 theme 100238T=LMG 1909:1919 arg1 28779T 1921:1926 =CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T 1894:1926 =CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T 1894:1926 nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T). 28714841 12 22 theme 100238T=LMG 1909:1919 arg1 RP115T 1886:1891 the representative strain RP115T 1860:1891 the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T) 1860:1927 nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T). 28714841 3 23 theme phosphoketolase-positive 338:361 arg1 isolates 415:422 many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates 312:422 many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates 312:422 During the study, we isolated many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates. 28714841 4 24 theme Bifidobacterium 514:528 arg1 species 493:499 a novel species 485:499 a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium 485:528 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 8 25 dep traits 1191:1196 arg1 structure 1213:1221 peptidoglycan structure 1199:1221 peptidoglycan structure 1199:1221 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 3 26 theme many 312:315 arg1 isolates 415:422 many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates 312:422 many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates 312:422 During the study, we isolated many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates. 28714841 10 27 theme separate 1716:1723 arg1 taxon 1725:1729 a separate taxon 1714:1729 a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria 1714:1786 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 10 28 theme sequence 1484:1491 arg1 similarities 1493:1504 relatively low sequence similarities 1469:1504 relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains 1469:1572 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 0 29 theme Bifidobacterium 0:14 arg1 sp 21:22 Bifidobacterium apri sp 0:22 Bifidobacterium apri sp. 0:23 Bifidobacterium apri sp. 28714841 4 30 dep bifidobacteria 621:634 arg1 20210T 703:708 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T 670:708 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T 670:708 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 30 dep bifidobacteria 621:634 arg1 20432T 662:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 30 dep bifidobacteria 621:634 arg1 thermacidophilumsubsp 727:747 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 711:747 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 711:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 7 31 theme gene 954:957 arg1 sequences 959:967 rplB gene sequences 949:967 rplB gene sequences 949:967 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 4 32 theme sequence 558:565 arg1 similarity 567:576 their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 538:576 their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 538:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 10 33 theme specific 1742:1749 arg1 group 1751:1755 the specific group 1738:1755 the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria 1738:1786 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 10 33 theme specific 1742:1749 arg1 bifidobacteria 1773:1786 thermophilic bifidobacteria 1760:1786 thermophilic bifidobacteria 1760:1786 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 9 34 theme bifidobacteria 1383:1396 arg1 bifidobacteria 1383:1396 thermophilic bifidobacteria 1370:1396 thermophilic bifidobacteria 1370:1396 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 9 34 theme bifidobacteria 1383:1396 arg1 group 1361:1365 the group 1357:1365 the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria 1357:1396 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 8 35 theme biochemical 1081:1091 arg1 tests 1093:1097 biochemical tests 1081:1097 biochemical tests 1081:1097 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 1 36 theme wild 99:102 arg1 pigs 104:107 wild pigs 99:107 wild pigs 99:107 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 10 37 theme phylogenetic 1520:1531 arg1 markers 1533:1539 particular phylogenetic markers 1509:1539 particular phylogenetic markers 1509:1539 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 2 38 theme contents 151:158 arg1 samples 129:135 Fresh samples 123:135 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region 123:221 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region were examined for the presence of bifidobacterial strains. 28714841 12 39 theme representative 1864:1877 arg1 28779T 1921:1926 =CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T 1894:1926 =CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T 1894:1926 nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T). 28714841 12 39 theme representative 1864:1877 arg1 RP115T 1886:1891 the representative strain RP115T 1860:1891 the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T) 1860:1927 nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T). 28714841 3 40 theme rod-shaped 394:403 arg1 isolates 415:422 many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates 312:422 many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates 312:422 During the study, we isolated many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates. 28714841 10 41 theme bifidobacteria 1773:1786 arg1 group 1751:1755 the specific group 1738:1755 the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria 1738:1786 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 10 41 theme bifidobacteria 1773:1786 arg1 bifidobacteria 1773:1786 thermophilic bifidobacteria 1760:1786 thermophilic bifidobacteria 1760:1786 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 10 42 theme particular 1509:1518 arg1 markers 1533:1539 particular phylogenetic markers 1509:1539 particular phylogenetic markers 1509:1539 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 8 43 theme Isolate 970:976 arg1 determination 1066:1078 DNA G+C content (mol%) determination 1043:1078 DNA G+C content (mol%) determination 1043:1078 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 43 theme Isolate 970:976 arg1 representative 1001:1014 a representative 999:1014 a representative of the bacterial group 999:1037 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 43 theme Isolate 970:976 arg1 RP115T 978:983 Isolate RP115T 970:983 Isolate RP115T 970:983 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 4 44 theme rRNA 548:551 arg1 similarity 567:576 their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 538:576 their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 538:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 3 45 dep phosphoketolase-positive 338:361 arg1 irregular 384:392 irregular 384:392 irregular 384:392 During the study, we isolated many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates. 28714841 3 45 dep phosphoketolase-positive 338:361 arg1 anaerobic 373:381 anaerobic 373:381 anaerobic 373:381 During the study, we isolated many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates. 28714841 2 46 theme pigs 174:177 arg1 contents 151:158 intestinal contents 140:158 intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region 140:221 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region were examined for the presence of bifidobacterial strains. 28714841 7 47 theme rplB 949:952 arg1 sequences 959:967 rplB gene sequences 949:967 rplB gene sequences 949:967 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 12 48 theme 8605T=DSM 1899:1907 arg1 28779T 1921:1926 =CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T 1894:1926 =CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T 1894:1926 nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T). 28714841 12 48 theme 8605T=DSM 1899:1907 arg1 RP115T 1886:1891 the representative strain RP115T 1860:1891 the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T) 1860:1927 nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T). 28714841 4 49 theme bifidobacteria 621:634 arg1 relatives 595:603 the closest relatives 583:603 the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 583:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 10 50 theme chemotaxonomy 1598:1610 arg1 results 1612:1618 the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results 1578:1618 results 1612:1618 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 6 51 theme thermacidophilum 810:825 arg1 15837T 831:836 thermacidophilum DSM 15837T) 810:837 thermacidophilum DSM 15837T) 810:837 thermacidophilum DSM 15837T) was in the range of 97.9 - 98.4 %. 28714841 8 52 theme characteristics 1147:1161 arg1 analyses 1103:1110 analyses 1103:1110 analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) 1103:1269 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 52 theme characteristics 1147:1161 arg1 tests 1093:1097 biochemical tests 1081:1097 biochemical tests 1081:1097 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 1 53 theme thermophilic 33:44 arg1 Sus 110:112 Sus 110:112 Sus 110:112 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 1 53 theme thermophilic 33:44 arg1 actinobacterium 46:60 a thermophilic actinobacterium 31:60 a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) 31:120 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 4 54 theme Bifidobacterium 637:651 arg1 20210T 703:708 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T 670:708 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T 670:708 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 54 theme Bifidobacterium 637:651 arg1 20432T 662:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 54 theme Bifidobacterium 637:651 arg1 thermacidophilumsubsp 727:747 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 711:747 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 711:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 10 55 theme phenotyping 1582:1592 arg1 results 1612:1618 the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results 1578:1618 results 1612:1618 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 12 56 theme =CCM 1894:1897 arg1 28779T 1921:1926 =CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T 1894:1926 =CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T 1894:1926 nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T). 28714841 12 56 theme =CCM 1894:1897 arg1 RP115T 1886:1891 the representative strain RP115T 1860:1891 the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T) 1860:1927 nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T). 28714841 8 57 theme habitat 1164:1170 arg1 analyses 1103:1110 analyses 1103:1110 analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) 1103:1269 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 57 theme habitat 1164:1170 arg1 tests 1093:1097 biochemical tests 1081:1097 biochemical tests 1081:1097 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 4 58 theme closest 587:593 arg1 relatives 595:603 the closest relatives 583:603 the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 583:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 6 59 theme % 871:871 arg1 range 850:854 the range 846:854 the range of 97.9 - 98.4 % 846:871 thermacidophilum DSM 15837T) was in the range of 97.9 - 98.4 %. 28714841 2 60 theme bifidobacterial 257:271 arg1 strains 273:279 bifidobacterial strains 257:279 bifidobacterial strains 257:279 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region were examined for the presence of bifidobacterial strains. 28714841 8 61 theme chemotaxonomic 1176:1189 arg1 traits 1191:1196 chemotaxonomic traits 1176:1196 chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) 1176:1269 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 2 62 theme Fresh 123:127 arg1 samples 129:135 Fresh samples 123:135 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region 123:221 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region were examined for the presence of bifidobacterial strains. 28714841 4 63 with similarity 567:576 arg1 relatives 595:603 the closest relatives 583:603 the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 583:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 8 64 theme group 1033:1037 arg1 determination 1066:1078 DNA G+C content (mol%) determination 1043:1078 DNA G+C content (mol%) determination 1043:1078 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 64 theme group 1033:1037 arg1 representative 1001:1014 a representative 999:1014 a representative of the bacterial group 999:1037 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 64 theme group 1033:1037 arg1 RP115T 978:983 Isolate RP115T 970:983 Isolate RP115T 970:983 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 10 65 theme bacterial 1659:1667 arg1 isolate 1669:1675 the evaluated bacterial isolate 1645:1675 the evaluated bacterial isolate 1645:1675 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 7 66 theme identical 907:915 arg1 rRNA 921:924 identical 16S rRNA 907:924 identical 16S rRNA 907:924 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 8 67 theme DNA 1043:1045 arg1 content 1051:1057 DNA G+C content 1043:1057 DNA G+C content (mol%) determination 1043:1078 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 67 theme DNA 1043:1045 arg1 % 1063:1063 mol% 1060:1063 mol% 1060:1063 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 6 68 dep 98.4 866:869 arg1 - 864:864 - 864:864 - 864:864 thermacidophilum DSM 15837T) was in the range of 97.9 - 98.4 %. 28714841 5 69 theme LMG 759:761 arg1 21689T 763:768 porcinum LMG 21689T 750:768 porcinum LMG 21689T 750:768 porcinum LMG 21689T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 5 69 theme LMG 759:761 arg1 thermacidophilumsubsp 787:807 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 771:807 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 771:807 porcinum LMG 21689T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 8 70 theme cellular 1224:1231 arg1 acids 1239:1243 cellular fatty acids 1224:1243 cellular fatty acids 1224:1243 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 4 71 theme DSM 658:660 arg1 20210T 703:708 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T 670:708 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T 670:708 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 71 theme DSM 658:660 arg1 20432T 662:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 71 theme DSM 658:660 arg1 thermacidophilumsubsp 727:747 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 711:747 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 711:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 2 72 theme Bohemia 208:214 arg1 region 216:221 the Central Bohemia region 196:221 the Central Bohemia region 196:221 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region were examined for the presence of bifidobacterial strains. 28714841 10 73 theme bacterial 1556:1564 arg1 strains 1566:1572 examined bacterial strains 1547:1572 examined bacterial strains 1547:1572 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 1 74 theme pigs 104:107 arg1 tract 90:94 the digestive tract 76:94 the digestive tract of wild pigs 76:107 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 8 75 theme polar 1249:1253 arg1 lipids 1255:1260 polar lipids 1249:1260 polar lipids 1249:1260 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 11 76 theme Bifidobacterium 1798:1812 arg1 apri 1814:1817 The name Bifidobacterium apri 1789:1817 The name Bifidobacterium apri (of boar) 1789:1827 The name Bifidobacterium apri (of boar) sp. 28714841 9 77 from values 1407:1412 arg1 % 1441:1441 33 to 53 % 1432:1441 33 to 53 % 1432:1441 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 9 77 from values 1407:1412 arg1 range 1421:1425 the range 1417:1425 the range from 33 to 53 % 1417:1441 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 4 78 dep Bifidobacterium 637:651 arg1 boum 653:656 boum 653:656 boum 653:656 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 1 79 dep isolated 62:69 arg1 Sus 110:112 Sus 110:112 Sus 110:112 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 1 79 dep isolated 62:69 arg1 actinobacterium 46:60 a thermophilic actinobacterium 31:60 a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) 31:120 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 11 80 theme boar 1823:1826 arg1 apri 1814:1817 The name Bifidobacterium apri 1789:1817 The name Bifidobacterium apri (of boar) 1789:1827 The name Bifidobacterium apri (of boar) sp. 28714841 9 81 theme hybridization 1299:1311 arg1 analyses 1313:1320 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses 1287:1320 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T 1287:1330 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 4 82 theme genus 508:512 arg1 Bifidobacterium 514:528 the genus Bifidobacterium 504:528 the genus Bifidobacterium 504:528 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 83 theme Bifidobacterium 711:725 arg1 thermacidophilumsubsp 727:747 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 711:747 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 711:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 83 theme Bifidobacterium 711:725 arg1 20432T 662:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T 637:667 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 8 84 theme content 1051:1057 arg1 determination 1066:1078 DNA G+C content (mol%) determination 1043:1078 DNA G+C content (mol%) determination 1043:1078 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 84 theme content 1051:1057 arg1 RP115T 978:983 Isolate RP115T 970:983 Isolate RP115T 970:983 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 10 85 theme examined 1547:1554 arg1 strains 1566:1572 examined bacterial strains 1547:1572 examined bacterial strains 1547:1572 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 8 86 theme mol 1060:1062 arg1 content 1051:1057 DNA G+C content 1043:1057 DNA G+C content (mol%) determination 1043:1078 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 86 theme mol 1060:1062 arg1 % 1063:1063 mol% 1060:1063 mol% 1060:1063 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 4 87 theme novel 487:491 arg1 species 493:499 a novel species 485:499 a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium 485:528 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 3 88 theme fructose-6-phosphate 317:336 arg1 isolates 415:422 many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates 312:422 many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates 312:422 During the study, we isolated many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates. 28714841 0 89 theme apri 16:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Bifidobacterium apri sp 0:22 Bifidobacterium apri sp. 0:23 Bifidobacterium apri sp. 28714841 1 90 theme digestive 80:88 arg1 tract 90:94 the digestive tract 76:94 the digestive tract of wild pigs 76:107 nov., a thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). 28714841 10 91 theme low 1480:1482 arg1 similarities 1493:1504 relatively low sequence similarities 1469:1504 relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains 1469:1572 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 9 92 theme thermophilic 1370:1381 arg1 bifidobacteria 1383:1396 thermophilic bifidobacteria 1370:1396 thermophilic bifidobacteria 1370:1396 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 10 93 theme markers 1533:1539 arg1 similarities 1493:1504 relatively low sequence similarities 1469:1504 relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains 1469:1572 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 10 93 theme markers 1533:1539 arg1 results 1612:1618 the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results 1578:1618 results 1612:1618 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 9 94 from % 1441:1441 arg1 values 1407:1412 values 1407:1412 values in the range from 33 to 53 % 1407:1441 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 9 94 from % 1441:1441 arg1 range 1421:1425 the range 1417:1425 the range from 33 to 53 % 1417:1441 The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of RP115T and species representing the group of thermophilic bifidobacteria revealed values in the range from 33 to 53 %. 28714841 4 95 dep Bifidobacterium 670:684 arg1 thermophilum 686:697 thermophilum 686:697 thermophilum 686:697 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 4 96 theme 16S 544:546 arg1 similarity 567:576 their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 538:576 their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 538:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 8 97 dep acids 1239:1243 arg1 profile 1262:1268 profile 1262:1268 profile 1262:1268 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 2 98 theme intestinal 140:149 arg1 contents 151:158 intestinal contents 140:158 intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region 140:221 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region were examined for the presence of bifidobacterial strains. 28714841 8 99 theme physiological 1115:1127 arg1 characteristics 1147:1161 physiological and morphological characteristics 1115:1161 physiological and morphological characteristics 1115:1161 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 3 100 theme bacterial 405:413 arg1 isolates 415:422 many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates 312:422 many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates 312:422 During the study, we isolated many fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, strictly anaerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacterial isolates. 28714841 4 101 theme gene 553:556 arg1 similarity 567:576 their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 538:576 their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp 538:747 Three of them were preliminarily identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium because their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the closest relatives of thermophilic bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432T, Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210T, Bifidobacterium thermacidophilumsubsp. 28714841 7 102 contain had 903:905 arg2 fusA 934:937 fusA 934:937 fusA 934:937 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 7 102 contain had 903:905 arg2 sequences 959:967 rplB gene sequences 949:967 rplB gene sequences 949:967 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 7 102 contain had 903:905 arg2 rRNA 921:924 identical 16S rRNA 907:924 identical 16S rRNA 907:924 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 7 102 contain had 903:905 arg2 gyrB 940:943 gyrB 940:943 gyrB 940:943 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 7 102 contain had 903:905 arg1 isolates 894:901 All three bacterial isolates 874:901 All three bacterial isolates 874:901 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 7 102 contain had 903:905 arg2 dnaJ1 927:931 dnaJ1 927:931 dnaJ1 927:931 All three bacterial isolates had identical 16S rRNA, dnaJ1, fusA, gyrB and rplB gene sequences. 28714841 11 103 theme name 1793:1796 arg1 apri 1814:1817 The name Bifidobacterium apri 1789:1817 The name Bifidobacterium apri (of boar) 1789:1827 The name Bifidobacterium apri (of boar) sp. 28714841 10 104 theme thermophilic 1760:1771 arg1 bifidobacteria 1773:1786 thermophilic bifidobacteria 1760:1786 thermophilic bifidobacteria 1760:1786 This fact, together with relatively low sequence similarities of particular phylogenetic markers among examined bacterial strains and the phenotyping and chemotaxonomy results obtained, indicated that the evaluated bacterial isolate should be classified as representing a separate taxon within the specific group of thermophilic bifidobacteria. 28714841 8 105 theme morphological 1133:1145 arg1 characteristics 1147:1161 physiological and morphological characteristics 1115:1161 physiological and morphological characteristics 1115:1161 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 12 106 theme strain 1879:1884 arg1 28779T 1921:1926 =CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T 1894:1926 =CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T 1894:1926 nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T). 28714841 12 106 theme strain 1879:1884 arg1 RP115T 1886:1891 the representative strain RP115T 1860:1891 the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T) 1860:1927 nov. has been proposed for the representative strain RP115T (=CCM 8605T=DSM 100238T=LMG 28779T). 28714841 8 107 dep structure 1213:1221 arg1 acids 1239:1243 cellular fatty acids 1224:1243 cellular fatty acids 1224:1243 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 8 107 dep structure 1213:1221 arg1 lipids 1255:1260 polar lipids 1249:1260 polar lipids 1249:1260 Isolate RP115T was chosen as a representative of the bacterial group and DNA G+C content (mol%) determination, biochemical tests and analyses of physiological and morphological characteristics, habitat and chemotaxonomic traits (peptidoglycan structure, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids profile) were performed. 28714841 2 108 theme wild 169:172 arg1 pigs 174:177 three wild pigs 163:177 three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region 163:221 Fresh samples of intestinal contents of three wild pigs originating from the Central Bohemia region were examined for the presence of bifidobacterial strains. 28714841 6 109 theme DSM 827:829 arg1 15837T 831:836 thermacidophilum DSM 15837T) 810:837 thermacidophilum DSM 15837T) 810:837 thermacidophilum DSM 15837T) was in the range of 97.9 - 98.4 %. 27334534 3 0 theme novel 224:228 arg1 SR79T 248:252 SR79T 248:252 SR79T 248:252 A novel bacterial strain, SR79T, was isolated from a Korean faecal sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 27334534 3 0 theme novel 224:228 arg1 strain 240:245 A novel bacterial strain 222:245 A novel bacterial strain 222:245 A novel bacterial strain, SR79T, was isolated from a Korean faecal sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 27334534 7 1 theme >18 651:653 arg1 acid 645:648 butyric acid 637:648 butyric acid (>18 mM) 637:657 The isolate produced butyric acid (>18 mM) as a major end product. 27334534 7 1 theme >18 651:653 arg1 mM 655:656 >18 mM 651:656 >18 mM 651:656 The isolate produced butyric acid (>18 mM) as a major end product. 27334534 8 2 theme 96.0  879:883 arg1 % 884:884 % 884:884 % 884:884 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 12 3 theme 16S 1206:1208 arg1 similarity 1229:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1202:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1202:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 12 4 theme sequence 1220:1227 arg1 similarity 1229:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1202:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1202:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 12 5 theme gene 1215:1218 arg1 similarity 1229:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1202:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1202:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 1 6 theme desmolans 174:182 arg1 reclassification 142:157 reclassification 142:157 reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb 142:214 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 1 6 theme desmolans 174:182 arg1 faeces 131:136 human faeces 125:136 human faeces 125:136 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 11 7 theme wall 1143:1146 arg1 hydrolysates 1148:1159 the cell wall hydrolysates 1134:1159 the cell wall hydrolysates 1134:1159 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 1 8 theme Agathobaculum 187:199 arg1 comb 211:214 Agathobaculum desmolans comb 187:214 Agathobaculum desmolans comb 187:214 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 17 9 theme type 1713:1716 arg1 strain 1718:1723 The type strain 1709:1723 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans 1709:1750 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans is ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T). 27334534 17 9 theme type 1713:1716 arg1 43058T 1760:1765 ATCC 43058T 1755:1765 ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T) 1755:1780 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans is ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T). 27334534 8 10 theme % 884:884 arg1 similarity 886:895 96.0 % similarity 879:895 96.0 % similarity 879:895 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 11 11 contain contained 1161:1169 arg2 glucose 1179:1185 glucose 1179:1185 glucose 1179:1185 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 11 11 contain contained 1161:1169 arg2 ribose 1171:1176 ribose 1171:1176 ribose 1171:1176 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 11 11 contain contained 1161:1169 arg1 hydrolysates 1148:1159 the cell wall hydrolysates 1134:1159 the cell wall hydrolysates 1134:1159 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 11 11 contain contained 1161:1169 arg2 galactose 1191:1199 galactose 1191:1199 galactose 1191:1199 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 15 12 theme Agathobaculum 1674:1686 arg1 comb 1698:1701 Agathobaculum desmolans comb 1674:1701 Agathobaculum desmolans comb 1674:1701 Based on the results of this study, it is also proposed to transfer Eubacteriumdesmolans to this new genus, as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 15 12 theme Agathobaculum 1674:1686 arg1 Eubacteriumdesmolans 1631:1650 Eubacteriumdesmolans 1631:1650 Eubacteriumdesmolans 1631:1650 Based on the results of this study, it is also proposed to transfer Eubacteriumdesmolans to this new genus, as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 14 13 theme 15532T=DSM 1542:1551 arg1 100391T 1553:1559 =KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T 1536:1559 =KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T 1536:1559 The type strain is SR79T (=KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T). 27334534 14 13 theme 15532T=DSM 1542:1551 arg1 SR79T 1529:1533 SR79T 1529:1533 SR79T (=KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T) 1529:1560 The type strain is SR79T (=KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T). 27334534 5 14 from presence 535:542 arg1 pH 567:568 pH 7 567:570 pH 7 567:570 SR79T grew optimally at 37 °C in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7. 27334534 17 15 theme desmolans 1742:1750 arg1 strain 1718:1723 The type strain 1709:1723 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans 1709:1750 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans is ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T). 27334534 17 15 theme desmolans 1742:1750 arg1 43058T 1760:1765 ATCC 43058T 1755:1765 ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T) 1755:1780 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans is ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T). 27334534 8 16 theme 16S 716:718 arg1 sequences 730:738 16S rRNA gene sequences 716:738 16S rRNA gene sequences 716:738 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 12 17 theme family 1403:1408 arg1 Ruminococcaceae 1410:1424 the family Ruminococcaceae 1399:1424 the family Ruminococcaceae 1399:1424 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 3 18 theme Korean 275:280 arg1 sample 289:294 a Korean faecal sample 273:294 a Korean faecal sample 273:294 A novel bacterial strain, SR79T, was isolated from a Korean faecal sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 27334534 9 19 theme G+C 921:923 arg1 content 925:931 The DNA G+C content 913:931 The DNA G+C content 913:931 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 52.9 mol%. 27334534 9 19 theme G+C 921:923 arg1 % 962:962 52.9 mol% 954:962 52.9 mol% 954:962 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 52.9 mol%. 27334534 1 20 theme human 125:129 arg1 faeces 131:136 human faeces 125:136 human faeces 125:136 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 8 21 theme gene 725:728 arg1 sequences 730:738 16S rRNA gene sequences 716:738 16S rRNA gene sequences 716:738 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 14 22 theme =KCTC 1536:1540 arg1 100391T 1553:1559 =KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T 1536:1559 =KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T 1536:1559 The type strain is SR79T (=KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T). 27334534 14 22 theme =KCTC 1536:1540 arg1 SR79T 1529:1533 SR79T 1529:1533 SR79T (=KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T) 1529:1560 The type strain is SR79T (=KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T). 27334534 12 23 theme new 1382:1384 arg1 genus 1386:1390 a new genus 1380:1390 a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae 1380:1424 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 1 24 dep anaerobic 67:75 arg1 butyrate-producing 78:95 butyrate-producing 78:95 butyrate-producing 78:95 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 6 25 theme NaCl 577:580 arg1 % 607:607 0-1 % 603:607 0-1 % (w/v) 603:613 The NaCl range for growth was 0-1 % (w/v). 27334534 6 25 theme NaCl 577:580 arg1 range 582:586 The NaCl range 573:586 The NaCl range for growth 573:597 The NaCl range for growth was 0-1 % (w/v). 27334534 8 26 theme phylogenetic 685:696 arg1 analysis 698:705 A phylogenetic analysis 683:705 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 683:738 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 5 27 theme NaCl 559:562 arg1 presence 535:542 the presence 531:542 the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7 531:570 SR79T grew optimally at 37 °C in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7. 27334534 10 28 dep C19  1032:1035 arg1 cyc 1040:1042  1 cyc 9,10 1037:1047 C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 1032:1047 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis-9, C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 and C14 : 0. 27334534 12 29 theme novel 1363:1367 arg1 species 1369:1375 a novel species 1361:1375 a novel species 1361:1375 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 4 30 theme short 470:474 arg1 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 4 30 theme short 470:474 arg1 rod 476:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod 365:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella 365:495 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 11 31 theme wall 1111:1114 arg1 peptidoglycan 1116:1128 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1102:1128 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1102:1128 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 10 32 theme cellular 975:982 arg1 % 1001:1001 >10 % 997:1001 >10 % 997:1001 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis-9, C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 and C14 : 0. 27334534 10 32 theme cellular 975:982 arg1 C16  1009:1012 C16  1009:1012 C16  1009:1012 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis-9, C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 and C14 : 0. 27334534 10 32 theme cellular 975:982 arg1 acids 990:994 The major cellular fatty acids 965:994 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 965:1002 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis-9, C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 and C14 : 0. 27334534 5 33 theme % 551:551 arg1 NaCl 559:562 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 547:562 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7 547:570 SR79T grew optimally at 37 °C in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7. 27334534 1 34 theme strict 60:65 arg1 bacterium 101:109 a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium 58:109 a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium 58:109 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 1 34 theme strict 60:65 arg1 nov. 52:55 nov. 52:55 nov. 52:55 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 8 35 theme type 779:782 arg1 43058T 823:828 43058T 823:828 43058T 823:828 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 8 35 theme type 779:782 arg1 strains 784:790 the most closely related type strains 754:790 the most closely related type strains 754:790 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 0 36 theme Agathobaculum 0:12 arg1 nov. 37:40 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. 0:40 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.   0:46 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.  sp. 27334534 5 37 theme w/v 554:556 arg1 NaCl 559:562 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 547:562 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7 547:570 SR79T grew optimally at 37 °C in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7. 27334534 0 38 theme gen. 32:35 arg1 nov. 37:40 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. 0:40 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.   0:46 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.  sp. 27334534 12 39 theme SR79T 1337:1341 arg1 differentiation 1318:1332 differentiation 1318:1332 differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp 1318:1489 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 1 40 theme gut 97:99 arg1 bacterium 101:109 a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium 58:109 a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium 58:109 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 1 40 theme gut 97:99 arg1 nov. 52:55 nov. 52:55 nov. 52:55 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 12 41 theme gen. 1478:1481 arg1 nov. 1483:1486 gen. nov. 1478:1486 gen. nov. sp 1478:1489 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 0 42 dep sp 48:49 arg1   42:46 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.   0:46 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.   0:46 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.  sp. 27334534 7 43 theme major 664:668 arg1 product 674:680 a major end product 662:680 a major end product 662:680 The isolate produced butyric acid (>18 mM) as a major end product. 27334534 7 43 theme major 664:668 arg1 acid 645:648 butyric acid 637:648 butyric acid (>18 mM) 637:657 The isolate produced butyric acid (>18 mM) as a major end product. 27334534 4 44 with rod 476:478 arg1 flagella 488:495 no flagella 485:495 no flagella 485:495 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 17 45 theme =CCUG 1768:1772 arg1 43058T 1760:1765 ATCC 43058T 1755:1765 ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T) 1755:1780 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans is ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T). 27334534 17 45 theme =CCUG 1768:1772 arg1 27818T 1774:1779 =CCUG 27818T 1768:1779 =CCUG 27818T 1768:1779 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans is ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T). 27334534 3 46 theme bacterial 230:238 arg1 SR79T 248:252 SR79T 248:252 SR79T 248:252 A novel bacterial strain, SR79T, was isolated from a Korean faecal sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 27334534 3 46 theme bacterial 230:238 arg1 strain 240:245 A novel bacterial strain 222:245 A novel bacterial strain 222:245 A novel bacterial strain, SR79T, was isolated from a Korean faecal sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 27334534 4 47 theme anaerobic 376:384 arg1 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 4 47 theme anaerobic 376:384 arg1 rod 476:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod 365:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella 365:495 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 7 48 theme butyric 637:643 arg1 product 674:680 a major end product 662:680 a major end product 662:680 The isolate produced butyric acid (>18 mM) as a major end product. 27334534 7 48 theme butyric 637:643 arg1 acid 645:648 butyric acid 637:648 butyric acid (>18 mM) 637:657 The isolate produced butyric acid (>18 mM) as a major end product. 27334534 7 48 theme butyric 637:643 arg1 mM 655:656 >18 mM 651:656 >18 mM 651:656 The isolate produced butyric acid (>18 mM) as a major end product. 27334534 4 49 theme Gram-stain-positive 387:405 arg1 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 4 49 theme Gram-stain-positive 387:405 arg1 rod 476:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod 365:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella 365:495 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 12 50 theme phylogenetic 1241:1252 arg1 analysis 1254:1261 phylogenetic analysis 1241:1261 phylogenetic analysis 1241:1261 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 12 51 theme rRNA 1210:1213 arg1 similarity 1229:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1202:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1202:1238 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 11 52 from present 1091:1097 arg1 peptidoglycan 1116:1128 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1102:1128 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1102:1128 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 11 53 theme cell 1138:1141 arg1 hydrolysates 1148:1159 the cell wall hydrolysates 1134:1159 the cell wall hydrolysates 1134:1159 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 15 54 theme desmolans 1688:1696 arg1 comb 1698:1701 Agathobaculum desmolans comb 1674:1701 Agathobaculum desmolans comb 1674:1701 Based on the results of this study, it is also proposed to transfer Eubacteriumdesmolans to this new genus, as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 15 54 theme desmolans 1688:1696 arg1 Eubacteriumdesmolans 1631:1650 Eubacteriumdesmolans 1631:1650 Eubacteriumdesmolans 1631:1650 Based on the results of this study, it is also proposed to transfer Eubacteriumdesmolans to this new genus, as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 1 55 theme desmolans 201:209 arg1 comb 211:214 Agathobaculum desmolans comb 187:214 Agathobaculum desmolans comb 187:214 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 4 56 theme catalase- 439:447 arg1 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 4 56 theme catalase- 439:447 arg1 rod 476:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod 365:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella 365:495 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 17 57 theme Agathobaculum 1728:1740 arg1 desmolans 1742:1750 Agathobaculum desmolans 1728:1750 Agathobaculum desmolans 1728:1750 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans is ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T). 27334534 4 58 theme oxidase-negative 453:468 arg1 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 4 58 theme oxidase-negative 453:468 arg1 rod 476:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod 365:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella 365:495 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 14 59 theme type 1514:1517 arg1 strain 1519:1524 The type strain 1510:1524 The type strain 1510:1524 The type strain is SR79T (=KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T). 27334534 14 59 theme type 1514:1517 arg1 SR79T 1529:1533 SR79T 1529:1533 SR79T (=KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T) 1529:1560 The type strain is SR79T (=KCTC 15532T=DSM 100391T). 27334534 4 60 theme non-spore-forming 408:424 arg1 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 4 60 theme non-spore-forming 408:424 arg1 rod 476:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod 365:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella 365:495 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 9 61 theme DNA 917:919 arg1 content 925:931 The DNA G+C content 913:931 The DNA G+C content 913:931 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 52.9 mol%. 27334534 9 61 theme DNA 917:919 arg1 % 962:962 52.9 mol% 954:962 52.9 mol% 954:962 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 52.9 mol%. 27334534 3 62 theme faecal 282:287 arg1 sample 289:294 a Korean faecal sample 273:294 a Korean faecal sample 273:294 A novel bacterial strain, SR79T, was isolated from a Korean faecal sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 27334534 4 63 theme non-motile 427:436 arg1 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T 343:347 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 4 63 theme non-motile 427:436 arg1 rod 476:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod 365:478 a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella 365:495 SR79T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-negative short rod with no flagella. 27334534 5 64 from pH 567:568 arg1 presence 535:542 the presence 531:542 the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7 531:570 SR79T grew optimally at 37 °C in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7. 27334534 5 64 from pH 567:568 arg1 NaCl 559:562 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 547:562 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7 547:570 SR79T grew optimally at 37 °C in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7. 27334534 8 65 theme rRNA 720:723 arg1 sequences 730:738 16S rRNA gene sequences 716:738 16S rRNA gene sequences 716:738 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 12 66 theme genus 1386:1390 arg1 species 1369:1375 a novel species 1361:1375 a novel species 1361:1375 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 3 67 theme polyphasic 322:331 arg1 approach 333:340 a polyphasic approach 320:340 a polyphasic approach 320:340 A novel bacterial strain, SR79T, was isolated from a Korean faecal sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 27334534 11 68 attach present 1091:1097 arg2 acid 1082:1085 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 1062:1085 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 1062:1085 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 11 68 attach present 1091:1097 arg1 peptidoglycan 1116:1128 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1102:1128 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1102:1128 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 8 69 dep pullicaecorum 849:861 arg1 similarity 886:895 96.0 % similarity 879:895 96.0 % similarity 879:895 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 8 69 dep pullicaecorum 849:861 arg1 96.4 870:873 96.4 870:873 96.4 870:873 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 9 70 theme mol 959:961 arg1 content 925:931 The DNA G+C content 913:931 The DNA G+C content 913:931 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 52.9 mol%. 27334534 9 70 theme mol 959:961 arg1 % 962:962 52.9 mol% 954:962 52.9 mol% 954:962 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 52.9 mol%. 27334534 10 71 theme fatty 984:988 arg1 % 1001:1001 >10 % 997:1001 >10 % 997:1001 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis-9, C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 and C14 : 0. 27334534 10 71 theme fatty 984:988 arg1 C16  1009:1012 C16  1009:1012 C16  1009:1012 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis-9, C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 and C14 : 0. 27334534 10 71 theme fatty 984:988 arg1 acids 990:994 The major cellular fatty acids 965:994 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 965:1002 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis-9, C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 and C14 : 0. 27334534 12 72 theme nov. 1483:1486 arg1 sp 1488:1489 gen. nov. sp 1478:1489 gen. nov. sp 1478:1489 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 15 73 theme study 1592:1596 arg1 results 1576:1582 the results 1572:1582 the results of this study 1572:1596 Based on the results of this study, it is also proposed to transfer Eubacteriumdesmolans to this new genus, as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 0 74 theme butyriciproducens 14:30 arg1 nov. 37:40 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. 0:40 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.   0:46 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.  sp. 27334534 10 75 theme major 969:973 arg1 % 1001:1001 >10 % 997:1001 >10 % 997:1001 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis-9, C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 and C14 : 0. 27334534 10 75 theme major 969:973 arg1 C16  1009:1012 C16  1009:1012 C16  1009:1012 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis-9, C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 and C14 : 0. 27334534 10 75 theme major 969:973 arg1 acids 990:994 The major cellular fatty acids 965:994 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 965:1002 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis-9, C19 : 1 cyc 9,10 and C14 : 0. 27334534 1 76 theme anaerobic 67:75 arg1 bacterium 101:109 a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium 58:109 a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium 58:109 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 1 76 theme anaerobic 67:75 arg1 nov. 52:55 nov. 52:55 nov. 52:55 nov., a strict anaerobic, butyrate-producing gut bacterium isolated from human faeces and reclassification of Eubacterium desmolans as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 8 77 theme related 771:777 arg1 43058T 823:828 43058T 823:828 43058T 823:828 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 8 77 theme related 771:777 arg1 strains 784:790 the most closely related type strains 754:790 the most closely related type strains 754:790 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the most closely related type strains were Eubacteriumdesmolans ATCC 43058T and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T (96.4 and 96.0 % similarity, respectively). 27334534 11 78 theme cell 1106:1109 arg1 peptidoglycan 1116:1128 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1102:1128 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1102:1128 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 0 79 theme nov. 37:40 arg1   42:46 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.   0:46 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.   0:46 Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov.  sp. 27334534 12 80 theme name 1441:1444 arg1 Agathobaculum 1446:1458 the name Agathobaculum 1437:1458 the name Agathobaculum 1437:1458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 11 81 from peptidoglycan 1116:1128 arg1 present 1091:1097 present 1091:1097 present 1091:1097 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 3 82 attach isolated 259:266 arg2 SR79T 248:252 SR79T 248:252 SR79T 248:252 A novel bacterial strain, SR79T, was isolated from a Korean faecal sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 27334534 3 82 attach isolated 259:266 arg1 sample 289:294 a Korean faecal sample 273:294 a Korean faecal sample 273:294 A novel bacterial strain, SR79T, was isolated from a Korean faecal sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 27334534 3 82 attach isolated 259:266 arg2 strain 240:245 A novel bacterial strain 222:245 A novel bacterial strain 222:245 A novel bacterial strain, SR79T, was isolated from a Korean faecal sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 27334534 11 83 theme Meso-diaminopimelic 1062:1080 arg1 acid 1082:1085 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 1062:1085 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 1062:1085 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 7 84 theme end 670:672 arg1 product 674:680 a major end product 662:680 a major end product 662:680 The isolate produced butyric acid (>18 mM) as a major end product. 27334534 7 84 theme end 670:672 arg1 acid 645:648 butyric acid 637:648 butyric acid (>18 mM) 637:657 The isolate produced butyric acid (>18 mM) as a major end product. 27334534 12 85 theme phenotypic 1283:1292 arg1 characteristics 1294:1308 phenotypic characteristics 1283:1308 phenotypic characteristics 1283:1308 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of SR79T, which represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae, for which the name Agathobaculum butyriciproducens gen. nov. sp. 27334534 17 86 theme ATCC 1755:1758 arg1 strain 1718:1723 The type strain 1709:1723 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans 1709:1750 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans is ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T). 27334534 17 86 theme ATCC 1755:1758 arg1 43058T 1760:1765 ATCC 43058T 1755:1765 ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T) 1755:1780 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans is ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T). 27334534 17 86 theme ATCC 1755:1758 arg1 27818T 1774:1779 =CCUG 27818T 1768:1779 =CCUG 27818T 1768:1779 The type strain of Agathobaculum desmolans is ATCC 43058T (=CCUG 27818T). 27334534 15 87 theme new 1660:1662 arg1 genus 1664:1668 this new genus 1655:1668 this new genus 1655:1668 Based on the results of this study, it is also proposed to transfer Eubacteriumdesmolans to this new genus, as Agathobaculum desmolans comb. 27334534 11 88 located present 1091:1097 arg2 acid 1082:1085 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 1062:1085 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 1062:1085 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27334534 11 88 located present 1091:1097 arg1 peptidoglycan 1116:1128 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1102:1128 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1102:1128 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan and the cell wall hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose and galactose. 27150918 3 0 contain have 335:338 arg1 strains 288:294 These strains 282:294 These strains 282:294 These strains were originally isolated from soil and have a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar. 27150918 3 0 contain have 335:338 arg2 phenotype 342:350 a phenotype 340:350 a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar 340:398 These strains were originally isolated from soil and have a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar. 27150918 12 1 theme core 1077:1080 arg1 genome 1082:1087 the core genome 1073:1087 the core genome of these two new strains 1073:1112 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 13 2 theme relatedness 1288:1298 arg1 studies 1300:1306 DNA-DNA relatedness studies 1280:1306 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations 1280:1345 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 7 3 theme optimal 777:783 arg1 growth 785:790 optimal growth 777:790 optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0 777:804 Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5.5-10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0). 27150918 13 4 dep in 1314:1315 arg1 silico 1317:1322 silico 1317:1322 silico 1317:1322 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 12 5 from analysis 1061:1068 arg1 genome 1082:1087 the core genome 1073:1087 the core genome of these two new strains 1073:1112 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 14 6 theme phenotypic 1533:1542 arg1 analyses 1544:1551 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1516:1551 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1516:1551 Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 12 7 from members 1122:1128 arg1 genome 1082:1087 the core genome 1073:1087 the core genome of these two new strains 1073:1112 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 2 8 theme Collection 270:279 arg1 diversity 216:224 the Bacillus diversity 203:224 the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 203:279 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 12 9 theme monophyletic 1206:1217 arg1 clade 1219:1223 a distinct monophyletic clade 1195:1223 a distinct monophyletic clade 1195:1223 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 15 10 theme strain 1709:1714 arg1 B-41091T 1721:1728 type strain NRRL B-41091T 1704:1728 type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T) 1704:1743 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T). 27150918 15 10 theme strain 1709:1714 arg1 68786T 1737:1742 =CCUG 68786T 1731:1742 =CCUG 68786T 1731:1742 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T). 27150918 13 11 theme other 1419:1423 arg1 species 1425:1431 all other species 1415:1431 all other species (<31.5 %) 1415:1441 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 13 11 theme other 1419:1423 arg1 % 1440:1440 <31.5 % 1434:1440 <31.5 % 1434:1440 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 4 12 theme rRNA 434:437 arg1 gene 439:442 the 16S rRNA gene 426:442 the 16S rRNA gene 426:442 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27150918 2 13 theme Bacillus 207:214 arg1 diversity 216:224 the Bacillus diversity 203:224 the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 203:279 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 5 14 theme % 545:545 arg1 inaquosorum 527:537 inaquosorum 527:537 inaquosorum (99.7 % similarity) 527:557 inaquosorum (99.7 % similarity) and Bacillus axarquiensis (99.7 %). 27150918 5 14 theme % 545:545 arg1 similarity 547:556 99.7 % similarity 540:556 99.7 % similarity 540:556 inaquosorum (99.7 % similarity) and Bacillus axarquiensis (99.7 %). 27150918 14 15 theme nakamurai 1667:1675 arg1 sp 1677:1678 the name Bacillus nakamurai sp 1649:1678 the name Bacillus nakamurai sp 1649:1678 Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 2 16 theme Culture 262:268 arg1 Collection 270:279 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 229:279 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 229:279 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 13 17 dep showed 1347:1352 arg1 conspecific 1375:1385 conspecific 1375:1385 conspecific 1375:1385 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 1 18 dep strain 55:60 arg1 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov., a black-pigment-producing strain. 27150918 6 19 theme novel 631:635 arg1 strains 637:643 the novel strains 627:643 the novel strains 627:643 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 17 and 50 °C and can tolerate up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. 27150918 14 20 dep analyses 1544:1551 arg1 the 1499:1501 the 1499:1501 the 1499:1501 Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 14 20 dep analyses 1544:1551 arg1 consensus 1503:1511 consensus 1503:1511 consensus 1503:1511 Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 12 21 theme nearest 1234:1240 arg1 neighbour 1242:1250 the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1230:1277 the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1230:1277 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 14 22 theme name 1653:1656 arg1 sp 1677:1678 the name Bacillus nakamurai sp 1649:1678 the name Bacillus nakamurai sp 1649:1678 Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 2 23 theme Agriculture 233:243 arg1 Collection 270:279 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 229:279 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 229:279 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 6 24 theme phenotypic 598:607 arg1 characterization 609:624 phenotypic characterization 598:624 phenotypic characterization 598:624 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 17 and 50 °C and can tolerate up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. 27150918 2 25 dep Gram-stain-positive 81:99 arg1 rod-shaped 128:137 rod-shaped 128:137 rod-shaped 128:137 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 2 25 dep Gram-stain-positive 81:99 arg1 motile 120:125 motile 120:125 motile 120:125 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 2 25 dep Gram-stain-positive 81:99 arg1 aerobic 111:117 aerobic 111:117 aerobic 111:117 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 2 25 dep Gram-stain-positive 81:99 arg1 endospore-forming 140:156 endospore-forming 140:156 endospore-forming 140:156 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 11 26 theme mol 1040:1042 arg1 content 1023:1029 The DNA G+C content 1011:1029 The DNA G+C content 1011:1029 The DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. 27150918 11 26 theme mol 1040:1042 arg1 % 1043:1043 43.8 mol% 1035:1043 43.8 mol% 1035:1043 The DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. 27150918 9 27 theme meso-diaminopimelic 939:957 arg1 acid 959:962 meso-diaminopimelic acid 939:962 meso-diaminopimelic acid 939:962 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27150918 10 28 theme draft 967:971 arg1 genome 973:978 A draft genome 965:978 A draft genome of both strains 965:994 A draft genome of both strains was completed. 27150918 15 29 theme NRRL 1716:1719 arg1 B-41091T 1721:1728 type strain NRRL B-41091T 1704:1728 type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T) 1704:1743 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T). 27150918 15 29 theme NRRL 1716:1719 arg1 68786T 1737:1742 =CCUG 68786T 1731:1742 =CCUG 68786T 1731:1742 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T). 27150918 7 30 from 7.0-8.0 798:804 arg1 growth 785:790 optimal growth 777:790 optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0 777:804 Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5.5-10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0). 27150918 0 31 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus nakamurai sp 0:20 Bacillus nakamurai sp. 0:21 Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 3 32 theme dark 367:370 arg1 pigment 372:378 a dark pigment 365:378 a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar 365:398 These strains were originally isolated from soil and have a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar. 27150918 3 33 attach isolated 312:319 arg1 soil 326:329 soil 326:329 soil 326:329 These strains were originally isolated from soil and have a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar. 27150918 3 33 attach isolated 312:319 arg2 strains 288:294 These strains 282:294 These strains 282:294 These strains were originally isolated from soil and have a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar. 27150918 13 34 theme DNA-DNA 1324:1330 arg1 hybridizations 1332:1345 in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations 1314:1345 in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations 1314:1345 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 10 35 theme strains 988:994 arg1 genome 973:978 A draft genome 965:978 A draft genome of both strains 965:994 A draft genome of both strains was completed. 27150918 12 36 theme new 1102:1104 arg1 strains 1106:1112 these two new strains 1092:1112 these two new strains 1092:1112 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 4 37 dep Bacillus 502:509 arg1 subtilis 511:518 subtilis 511:518 subtilis 511:518 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27150918 8 38 theme cellular 824:831 arg1 acids 839:843 The predominant cellular fatty acids 808:843 The predominant cellular fatty acids 808:843 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (34.8 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (21.9 %). 27150918 3 39 theme soy 391:393 arg1 agar 395:398 tryptic soy agar 383:398 tryptic soy agar 383:398 These strains were originally isolated from soil and have a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar. 27150918 2 40 theme bacterium 158:166 arg1 isolates 67:74 Two isolates 63:74 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 63:166 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 6 41 theme 9  708:709 arg1 % 710:710 % 710:710 % 710:710 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 17 and 50 °C and can tolerate up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. 27150918 13 42 theme in 1314:1315 arg1 hybridizations 1332:1345 in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations 1314:1345 in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations 1314:1345 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 11 43 theme G+C 1019:1021 arg1 content 1023:1029 The DNA G+C content 1011:1029 The DNA G+C content 1011:1029 The DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. 27150918 11 43 theme G+C 1019:1021 arg1 % 1043:1043 43.8 mol% 1035:1043 43.8 mol% 1035:1043 The DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. 27150918 7 44 dep grew 749:752 arg1 growth 785:790 optimal growth 777:790 optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0 777:804 Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5.5-10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0). 27150918 1 45 theme black-pigment-producing 31:53 arg1 strain 55:60 a black-pigment-producing strain 29:60 a black-pigment-producing strain 29:60 nov., a black-pigment-producing strain. 27150918 13 46 theme DNA-DNA 1280:1286 arg1 studies 1300:1306 DNA-DNA relatedness studies 1280:1306 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations 1280:1345 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 7 47 theme pH 795:796 arg1 7.0-8.0 798:804 pH 7.0-8.0 795:804 pH 7.0-8.0 795:804 Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5.5-10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0). 27150918 6 48 dep % 710:710 arg1 w/v 713:715 w/v 713:715 w/v 713:715 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 17 and 50 °C and can tolerate up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. 27150918 6 49 located found 650:654 arg2 strains 637:643 the novel strains 627:643 the novel strains 627:643 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 17 and 50 °C and can tolerate up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. 27150918 6 49 located found 650:654 arg1 characterization 609:624 phenotypic characterization 598:624 phenotypic characterization 598:624 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 17 and 50 °C and can tolerate up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. 27150918 4 50 theme Phylogenetic 401:412 arg1 analysis 414:421 Phylogenetic analysis 401:421 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 401:442 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27150918 15 51 theme type 1704:1707 arg1 B-41091T 1721:1728 type strain NRRL B-41091T 1704:1728 type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T) 1704:1743 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T). 27150918 15 51 theme type 1704:1707 arg1 68786T 1737:1742 =CCUG 68786T 1731:1742 =CCUG 68786T 1731:1742 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T). 27150918 7 52 theme pH 766:767 arg1 media 757:761 media 757:761 media of pH 5.5-10 757:774 Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5.5-10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0). 27150918 12 53 theme distinct 1197:1204 arg1 clade 1219:1223 a distinct monophyletic clade 1195:1223 a distinct monophyletic clade 1195:1223 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 4 54 theme gene 439:442 arg1 analysis 414:421 Phylogenetic analysis 401:421 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 401:442 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27150918 14 55 theme phylogenetic 1516:1527 arg1 analyses 1544:1551 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1516:1551 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1516:1551 Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 13 56 dep conspecific 1375:1385 arg1 % 1393:1393 93.8 % 1388:1393 93.8 % 1388:1393 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 2 57 theme Gram-stain-positive 81:99 arg1 bacterium 158:166 a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 79:166 a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 79:166 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 2 58 theme diversity 216:224 arg1 survey 193:198 a survey 191:198 a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 191:279 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 5 59 theme 99.7  540:544 arg1 % 545:545 % 545:545 % 545:545 inaquosorum (99.7 % similarity) and Bacillus axarquiensis (99.7 %). 27150918 14 60 dep genus 1623:1627 arg1 Bacillus 1629:1636 the genus Bacillus 1619:1636 the genus Bacillus 1619:1636 Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 12 61 dep Bacillus 1137:1144 arg1 subtilis 1146:1153 subtilis 1146:1153 subtilis 1146:1153 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 14 62 theme Bacillus 1658:1665 arg1 sp 1677:1678 the name Bacillus nakamurai sp 1649:1678 the name Bacillus nakamurai sp 1649:1678 Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 4 63 theme 16S 430:432 arg1 gene 439:442 the 16S rRNA gene 426:442 the 16S rRNA gene 426:442 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27150918 2 64 theme Research 245:252 arg1 Collection 270:279 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 229:279 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 229:279 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 2 65 theme Service 254:260 arg1 Collection 270:279 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 229:279 the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection 229:279 Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. 27150918 12 66 theme phylogenomic 1048:1059 arg1 analysis 1061:1068 A phylogenomic analysis 1046:1068 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains 1046:1112 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 4 67 theme Bacillus 502:509 arg1 subsp 520:524 Bacillus subtilis subsp 502:524 Bacillus subtilis subsp 502:524 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27150918 9 68 theme cell-wall 905:913 arg1 peptidoglycan 915:927 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 901:927 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 901:927 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27150918 13 69 with values 1403:1408 arg1 species 1425:1431 all other species 1415:1431 all other species (<31.5 %) 1415:1441 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 13 69 with values 1403:1408 arg1 % 1440:1440 <31.5 % 1434:1440 <31.5 % 1434:1440 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 9 70 contain contained 929:937 arg2 acid 959:962 meso-diaminopimelic acid 939:962 meso-diaminopimelic acid 939:962 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27150918 9 70 contain contained 929:937 arg1 peptidoglycan 915:927 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 901:927 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 901:927 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27150918 3 71 from pigment 372:378 arg1 agar 395:398 tryptic soy agar 383:398 tryptic soy agar 383:398 These strains were originally isolated from soil and have a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar. 27150918 15 72 theme =CCUG 1731:1735 arg1 B-41091T 1721:1728 type strain NRRL B-41091T 1704:1728 type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T) 1704:1743 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T). 27150918 15 72 theme =CCUG 1731:1735 arg1 68786T 1737:1742 =CCUG 68786T 1731:1742 =CCUG 68786T 1731:1742 nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T). 27150918 0 73 theme nakamurai 9:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus nakamurai sp 0:20 Bacillus nakamurai sp. 0:21 Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 12 74 theme Bacillus 1137:1144 arg1 group 1155:1159 the Bacillus subtilis group 1133:1159 the Bacillus subtilis group 1133:1159 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 3 75 theme tryptic 383:389 arg1 agar 395:398 tryptic soy agar 383:398 tryptic soy agar 383:398 These strains were originally isolated from soil and have a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar. 27150918 12 76 theme strains 1106:1112 arg1 genome 1082:1087 the core genome 1073:1087 the core genome of these two new strains 1073:1112 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 13 77 theme % 1487:1487 arg1 threshold 1471:1479 the species threshold 1459:1479 the species threshold of 70 % 1459:1487 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 6 78 theme % 710:710 arg1 NaCl 718:721 9 % (w/v) NaCl 708:721 9 % (w/v) NaCl 708:721 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 17 and 50 °C and can tolerate up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. 27150918 14 79 theme novel 1598:1602 arg1 species 1604:1610 a novel species 1596:1610 a novel species 1596:1610 Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. 27150918 8 80 theme predominant 812:822 arg1 acids 839:843 The predominant cellular fatty acids 808:843 The predominant cellular fatty acids 808:843 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (34.8 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (21.9 %). 27150918 11 81 theme DNA 1015:1017 arg1 content 1023:1029 The DNA G+C content 1011:1029 The DNA G+C content 1011:1029 The DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. 27150918 11 81 theme DNA 1015:1017 arg1 % 1043:1043 43.8 mol% 1035:1043 43.8 mol% 1035:1043 The DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. 27150918 8 82 theme fatty 833:837 arg1 acids 839:843 The predominant cellular fatty acids 808:843 The predominant cellular fatty acids 808:843 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (34.8 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (21.9 %). 27150918 13 83 theme species 1463:1469 arg1 threshold 1471:1479 the species threshold 1459:1479 the species threshold of 70 % 1459:1487 DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. 27150918 12 84 theme group 1155:1159 arg1 analysis 1061:1068 A phylogenomic analysis 1046:1068 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains 1046:1112 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 12 84 theme group 1155:1159 arg1 members 1122:1128 all members 1118:1128 all members of the Bacillus subtilis group 1118:1159 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 27150918 12 85 dep neighbour 1242:1250 arg1 amyloliquefaciens 1261:1277 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1252:1277 the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1230:1277 A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. 25829331 5 0 theme highest 666:672 arg1 similarity 683:692 highest sequence similarity 666:692 highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%) 666:792 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 7 1 theme 105731 1007:1012 arg1 T 1014:1014 M. hominis CIP 105731(T) 992:1015 M. hominis CIP 105731(T) 992:1015 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 8 2 theme NIO-1002 1213:1220 arg1 peptidoglycan 1196:1208 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1182:1208 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) 1182:1223 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 5 3 from °C. 512:514 arg1 growth 499:504 optimal growth 491:504 optimal growth at 30 °C. 491:514 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 4 4 dep Gram-stain-positive 346:364 arg1 non-spore-forming 379:395 non-spore-forming 379:395 non-spore-forming 379:395 Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods that formed yellow-pigmented colonies. 25829331 4 4 dep Gram-stain-positive 346:364 arg1 non-motile 367:376 non-motile 367:376 non-motile 367:376 Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods that formed yellow-pigmented colonies. 25829331 7 5 theme DNA-DNA 937:943 arg1 hybridization 945:957 DNA-DNA hybridization 937:957 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) 937:1045 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 5 6 theme sequence 674:681 arg1 similarity 683:692 highest sequence similarity 666:692 highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%) 666:792 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 7 7 theme mol 928:930 arg1 content 911:917 The DNA G+C content 899:917 The DNA G+C content 899:917 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 7 7 theme mol 928:930 arg1 % 931:931 66.5 mol% 923:931 66.5 mol% 923:931 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 7 8 theme DNA 903:905 arg1 content 911:917 The DNA G+C content 899:917 The DNA G+C content 899:917 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 7 8 theme DNA 903:905 arg1 % 931:931 66.5 mol% 923:931 66.5 mol% 923:931 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 11 9 theme = 1513:1513 arg1 NIO-1002 1484:1491 NIO-1002 1484:1491 NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain 1484:1568 nov. is proposed, with NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain. 25829331 11 9 theme = 1513:1513 arg1 T 1547:1547  = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T) 1497:1548  = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T) 1497:1548 nov. is proposed, with NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain. 25829331 2 10 theme genus 121:125 arg1 Microbacterium 127:140 the genus Microbacterium 117:140 the genus Microbacterium 117:140 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 7 11 theme 66.5 923:926 arg1 mol 928:930 mol 928:930 mol 928:930 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 4 12 theme strain 334:339 arg1 Cells 320:324 Cells 320:324 Cells of this strain 320:339 Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods that formed yellow-pigmented colonies. 25829331 1 13 theme sediment 48:55 arg1 sample 57:62 sediment sample 48:62 sediment sample 48:62 nov., isolated from sediment sample. 25829331 8 14 theme major 1098:1102 arg1 ai-C15 1121:1126 ai-C15 1121:1126 ai-C15 1121:1126 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 8 14 theme major 1098:1102 arg1 acids 1110:1114 The major fatty acids 1094:1114 The major fatty acids 1094:1114 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 7 15 theme CIP 1003:1005 arg1 T 1014:1014 M. hominis CIP 105731(T) 992:1015 M. hominis CIP 105731(T) 992:1015 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 5 16 theme strain 586:591 arg1 T 602:602 T 602:602 T 602:602 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 16 theme strain 586:591 arg1 NIO-1002 593:600 strain NIO-1002 586:600 strain NIO-1002(T) 586:603 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 9 17 theme phenotypic 1297:1306 arg1 analysis 1308:1315 chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis 1282:1315 chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis 1282:1315 Data obtained from DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis support the conclusion that strain NIO-1002(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium. 25829331 5 18 theme 0-12 452:455 arg1 % 456:456 % 456:456 % 456:456 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 6 19 theme novel 830:834 arg1 strain 836:841 this novel strain 825:841 this novel strain 825:841 Within the phylogenetic tree, this novel strain shared a branching point with M. hominis CIP 105731(T). 25829331 3 20 theme gene 286:289 arg1 sequence 291:298 16S rRNA gene sequence 277:298 16S rRNA gene sequence 277:298 Its morphology, physiology, biochemical features and 16S rRNA gene sequence were characterized. 25829331 10 21 theme name 1428:1431 arg1 sp 1457:1458 The name Microbacterium enclense sp 1424:1458 The name Microbacterium enclense sp 1424:1458 The name Microbacterium enclense sp. 25829331 5 22 dep Microbacterium 699:712 arg1 hominis 714:720 hominis 714:720 hominis 714:720 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 4 23 theme Gram-stain-positive 346:364 arg1 rods 397:400 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods 346:400 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods that formed yellow-pigmented colonies 346:438 Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods that formed yellow-pigmented colonies. 25829331 5 24 with similarity 683:692 arg1 % 791:791 98.0% 787:791 98.0% 787:791 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 24 with similarity 683:692 arg1 KCTC 773:776 Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103 748:781 Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%) 748:792 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 24 with similarity 683:692 arg1 % 741:741 98.1% 737:741 98.1% 737:741 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 24 with similarity 683:692 arg1 105731 726:731 Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731 699:731 Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) 699:742 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 24 with similarity 683:692 arg1 T 783:783 T 783:783 T 783:783 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 24 with similarity 683:692 arg1 T 733:733 T 733:733 T 733:733 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 2 25 from sample 178:183 arg1 Goa 203:205 Goa 203:205 Goa Province, India 203:221 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 2 25 from sample 178:183 arg1 Island 195:200 Chorao Island 188:200 Chorao Island 188:200 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 2 26 dep Goa 203:205 arg1 India 217:221 Province, India 207:221 India 217:221 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 5 27 theme Microbacterium 645:658 arg1 members 624:630 members 624:630 members of the genus Microbacterium 624:658 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 6 28 dep M. 873:874 arg1 hominis 876:882 hominis 876:882 hominis 876:882 Within the phylogenetic tree, this novel strain shared a branching point with M. hominis CIP 105731(T). 25829331 5 29 theme 16S 547:549 arg1 sequences 561:569 16S rRNA gene sequences 547:569 16S rRNA gene sequences 547:569 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 30 theme optimal 491:497 arg1 growth 499:504 optimal growth 491:504 optimal growth at 30 °C. 491:514 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 31 theme genus 639:643 arg1 Microbacterium 645:658 the genus Microbacterium 635:658 the genus Microbacterium 635:658 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 32 theme CIP 722:724 arg1 105731 726:731 Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731 699:731 Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) 699:742 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 32 theme CIP 722:724 arg1 % 741:741 98.1% 737:741 98.1% 737:741 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 32 theme CIP 722:724 arg1 T 733:733 T 733:733 T 733:733 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 6 33 theme phylogenetic 806:817 arg1 tree 819:822 the phylogenetic tree 802:822 the phylogenetic tree 802:822 Within the phylogenetic tree, this novel strain shared a branching point with M. hominis CIP 105731(T). 25829331 5 34 theme rRNA 551:554 arg1 sequences 561:569 16S rRNA gene sequences 547:569 16S rRNA gene sequences 547:569 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 7 35 dep M. 992:993 arg1 hominis 995:1001 hominis 995:1001 hominis 995:1001 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 5 36 theme Microbacterium 748:761 arg1 KCTC 773:776 Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103 748:781 Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%) 748:792 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 36 theme Microbacterium 748:761 arg1 T 783:783 T 783:783 T 783:783 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 36 theme Microbacterium 748:761 arg1 % 791:791 98.0% 787:791 98.0% 787:791 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 8 37 theme cell-wall 1186:1194 arg1 peptidoglycan 1196:1208 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1182:1208 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) 1182:1223 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 5 38 theme gene 556:559 arg1 sequences 561:569 16S rRNA gene sequences 547:569 16S rRNA gene sequences 547:569 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 39 theme testaceum 763:771 arg1 KCTC 773:776 Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103 748:781 Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%) 748:792 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 39 theme testaceum 763:771 arg1 T 783:783 T 783:783 T 783:783 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 39 theme testaceum 763:771 arg1 % 791:791 98.0% 787:791 98.0% 787:791 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 7 40 theme NIO-1002 979:986 arg1 T 1044:1044 T 1044:1044 T 1044:1044 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 7 40 theme NIO-1002 979:986 arg1 T 988:988 NIO-1002(T) 979:989 NIO-1002(T) 979:989 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 10 41 theme enclense 1448:1455 arg1 sp 1457:1458 The name Microbacterium enclense sp 1424:1458 The name Microbacterium enclense sp 1424:1458 The name Microbacterium enclense sp. 25829331 8 42 theme fatty 1104:1108 arg1 ai-C15 1121:1126 ai-C15 1121:1126 ai-C15 1121:1126 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 8 42 theme fatty 1104:1108 arg1 acids 1110:1114 The major fatty acids 1094:1114 The major fatty acids 1094:1114 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 7 43 theme ± 1056:1056 arg1 % 1061:1061 39.0 ± 2.0% 1051:1061 39.0 ± 2.0% 1051:1061 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 8 44 from acid 1174:1177 arg1 peptidoglycan 1196:1208 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1182:1208 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) 1182:1223 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 9 45 theme novel 1377:1381 arg1 species 1383:1389 a novel species 1375:1389 a novel species within the genus Microbacterium 1375:1421 Data obtained from DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis support the conclusion that strain NIO-1002(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium. 25829331 7 46 theme M. 1021:1022 arg1 KCTC 1034:1037 M. testaceum KCTC 9103 1021:1042 M. testaceum KCTC 9103 1021:1042 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 10 47 theme Microbacterium 1433:1446 arg1 sp 1457:1458 The name Microbacterium enclense sp 1424:1458 The name Microbacterium enclense sp 1424:1458 The name Microbacterium enclense sp. 25829331 2 48 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 NIO-1002 91:98 strain NIO-1002 84:98 strain NIO-1002(T) 84:101 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 2 48 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 bacterium 73:81 A novel bacterium 65:81 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium 65:140 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 2 48 attach isolated 146:153 arg1 sample 178:183 a marine sediment sample 160:183 a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India 160:221 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 5 49 theme % 456:456 arg1 NaCl 464:467 0-12% (w/v) NaCl 452:467 0-12% (w/v) NaCl 452:467 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 11 50 theme = 1528:1528 arg1 NIO-1002 1484:1491 NIO-1002 1484:1491 NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain 1484:1568 nov. is proposed, with NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain. 25829331 11 50 theme = 1528:1528 arg1 T 1547:1547  = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T) 1497:1548  = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T) 1497:1548 nov. is proposed, with NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain. 25829331 9 51 theme DNA-DNA 1256:1262 arg1 hybridization 1264:1276 DNA-DNA hybridization 1256:1276 DNA-DNA hybridization 1256:1276 Data obtained from DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis support the conclusion that strain NIO-1002(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium. 25829331 6 52 theme CIP 884:886 arg1 105731 888:893 M. hominis CIP 105731 873:893 M. hominis CIP 105731(T) 873:896 Within the phylogenetic tree, this novel strain shared a branching point with M. hominis CIP 105731(T). 25829331 6 52 theme CIP 884:886 arg1 T 895:895 T 895:895 T 895:895 Within the phylogenetic tree, this novel strain shared a branching point with M. hominis CIP 105731(T). 25829331 2 53 theme strain 84:89 arg1 T 100:100 T 100:100 T 100:100 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 2 53 theme strain 84:89 arg1 bacterium 73:81 A novel bacterium 65:81 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium 65:140 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 2 53 theme strain 84:89 arg1 NIO-1002 91:98 strain NIO-1002 84:98 strain NIO-1002(T) 84:101 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 2 54 theme Chorao 188:193 arg1 Goa 203:205 Goa 203:205 Goa Province, India 203:221 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 2 54 theme Chorao 188:193 arg1 Island 195:200 Chorao Island 188:200 Chorao Island 188:200 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 7 55 theme M. 992:993 arg1 T 1014:1014 M. hominis CIP 105731(T) 992:1015 M. hominis CIP 105731(T) 992:1015 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 5 56 theme Microbacterium 699:712 arg1 105731 726:731 Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731 699:731 Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) 699:742 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 56 theme Microbacterium 699:712 arg1 % 741:741 98.1% 737:741 98.1% 737:741 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 5 56 theme Microbacterium 699:712 arg1 T 733:733 T 733:733 T 733:733 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 11 57 theme type 1558:1561 arg1 strain 1563:1568 the type strain 1554:1568 the type strain 1554:1568 nov. is proposed, with NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain. 25829331 4 58 theme yellow-pigmented 414:429 arg1 colonies 431:438 yellow-pigmented colonies 414:438 yellow-pigmented colonies 414:438 Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods that formed yellow-pigmented colonies. 25829331 7 59 theme hybridization 945:957 arg1 relatedness 959:969 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness 937:969 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) 937:1045 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 3 60 theme biochemical 252:262 arg1 features 264:271 biochemical features 252:271 biochemical features 252:271 Its morphology, physiology, biochemical features and 16S rRNA gene sequence were characterized. 25829331 2 61 theme sediment 169:176 arg1 sample 178:183 a marine sediment sample 160:183 a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India 160:221 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 9 62 theme chemotaxonomic 1282:1295 arg1 analysis 1308:1315 chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis 1282:1315 chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis 1282:1315 Data obtained from DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis support the conclusion that strain NIO-1002(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium. 25829331 9 63 theme strain 1345:1350 arg1 T 1361:1361 T 1361:1361 T 1361:1361 Data obtained from DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis support the conclusion that strain NIO-1002(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium. 25829331 9 63 theme strain 1345:1350 arg1 NIO-1002 1352:1359 strain NIO-1002 1345:1359 strain NIO-1002(T) 1345:1362 Data obtained from DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis support the conclusion that strain NIO-1002(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium. 25829331 2 64 theme novel 67:71 arg1 bacterium 73:81 A novel bacterium 65:81 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium 65:140 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 2 64 theme novel 67:71 arg1 NIO-1002 91:98 strain NIO-1002 84:98 strain NIO-1002(T) 84:101 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 2 65 theme marine 162:167 arg1 sample 178:183 a marine sediment sample 160:183 a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India 160:221 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 9 66 theme genus 1402:1406 arg1 Microbacterium 1408:1421 the genus Microbacterium 1398:1421 the genus Microbacterium 1398:1421 Data obtained from DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic phenotypic analysis support the conclusion that strain NIO-1002(T) represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium. 25829331 5 67 theme Phylogenetic 516:527 arg1 analysis 529:536 Phylogenetic analysis 516:536 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 516:569 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 6 68 theme M. 873:874 arg1 105731 888:893 M. hominis CIP 105731 873:893 M. hominis CIP 105731(T) 873:896 Within the phylogenetic tree, this novel strain shared a branching point with M. hominis CIP 105731(T). 25829331 6 68 theme M. 873:874 arg1 T 895:895 T 895:895 T 895:895 Within the phylogenetic tree, this novel strain shared a branching point with M. hominis CIP 105731(T). 25829331 5 69 dep % 456:456 arg1 w/v 459:461 w/v 459:461 w/v 459:461 It grew in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at 25-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1002(T) is associated with members of the genus Microbacterium, with highest sequence similarity with Microbacterium hominis CIP 105731(T) (98.1%) and Microbacterium testaceum KCTC 9103(T) (98.0%). 25829331 8 70 theme diamino 1166:1172 arg1 acid 1174:1177 the diamino acid 1162:1177 the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) 1162:1223 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 8 70 theme diamino 1166:1172 arg1 lysine 1229:1234 lysine 1229:1234 lysine 1229:1234 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 2 71 theme Province 207:214 arg1 India 217:221 Province, India 207:221 India 217:221 A novel bacterium (strain NIO-1002(T)) belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a marine sediment sample in Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. 25829331 7 72 theme G+C 907:909 arg1 content 911:917 The DNA G+C content 899:917 The DNA G+C content 899:917 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 7 72 theme G+C 907:909 arg1 % 931:931 66.5 mol% 923:931 66.5 mol% 923:931 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 3 73 theme 16S 277:279 arg1 rRNA 281:284 16S rRNA 277:284 16S rRNA gene sequence 277:298 Its morphology, physiology, biochemical features and 16S rRNA gene sequence were characterized. 25829331 11 74 theme CCTCC 1530:1534 arg1 NIO-1002 1484:1491 NIO-1002 1484:1491 NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain 1484:1568 nov. is proposed, with NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain. 25829331 11 74 theme CCTCC 1530:1534 arg1 T 1547:1547  = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T) 1497:1548  = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T) 1497:1548 nov. is proposed, with NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain. 25829331 11 75 theme AB 1536:1537 arg1 NIO-1002 1484:1491 NIO-1002 1484:1491 NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain 1484:1568 nov. is proposed, with NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain. 25829331 11 75 theme AB 1536:1537 arg1 T 1547:1547  = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T) 1497:1548  = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T) 1497:1548 nov. is proposed, with NIO-1002(T) ( = NCIM 5454(T) = DSM 25125(T) = CCTCC AB 2011120(T)) as the type strain. 25829331 7 76 theme testaceum 1024:1032 arg1 KCTC 1034:1037 M. testaceum KCTC 9103 1021:1042 M. testaceum KCTC 9103 1021:1042 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 7 77 theme ± 1072:1072 arg1 % 1077:1077 41.0 ± 2.0% 1067:1077 41.0 ± 2.0% 1067:1077 The DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol% and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between NIO-1002(T), M. hominis CIP 105731(T) and M. testaceum KCTC 9103(T) was 39.0 ± 2.0% and 41.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. 25829331 3 78 theme rRNA 281:284 arg1 sequence 291:298 16S rRNA gene sequence 277:298 16S rRNA gene sequence 277:298 Its morphology, physiology, biochemical features and 16S rRNA gene sequence were characterized. 25829331 8 79 dep ai-C15 1121:1126 arg1 ai-C17 1147:1152 ai-C17 1147:1152 ai-C17 1147:1152 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 8 79 dep ai-C15 1121:1126 arg1 0 1141:1141 0 1141:1141 0 1141:1141 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 8 79 dep ai-C15 1121:1126 arg1 0 1130:1130 0 1130:1130 0 1130:1130 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 8 79 dep ai-C15 1121:1126 arg1 0 1156:1156 0 1156:1156 0 1156:1156 The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of NIO-1002(T) was lysine. 25829331 6 80 theme branching 852:860 arg1 point 862:866 a branching point 850:866 a branching point 850:866 Within the phylogenetic tree, this novel strain shared a branching point with M. hominis CIP 105731(T). 28842897 0 0 theme mouse 81:85 arg1 model 87:91 a mouse model 79:91 a mouse model 79:91 Initial gut microbiota structure affects sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis in a mouse model. 28842897 6 1 theme DSS 1172:1174 arg1 treatment 1176:1184 DSS treatment 1172:1184 DSS treatment 1172:1184 Moreover, these varied gut bacteria in the different trials also showed different responses to DSS treatment. 28842897 1 2 theme colitis 135:141 arg1 model 175:179 a widely applied mouse model 152:179 a widely applied mouse model 152:179 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 1 2 theme colitis 135:141 arg1 model 143:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model 94:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model 94:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 6 3 from bacteria 1104:1111 arg1 trials 1130:1135 the different trials 1116:1135 the different trials 1116:1135 Moreover, these varied gut bacteria in the different trials also showed different responses to DSS treatment. 28842897 2 4 theme microbiota 434:443 arg1 influence 405:413 the influence 401:413 the influence of the initial gut microbiota in this model 401:457 Because the gut microbiota play an important role in DSS-induced colitis, it is essential to evaluate the influence of the initial gut microbiota in this model. 28842897 2 5 from influence 405:413 arg1 model 453:457 this model 448:457 this model 448:457 Because the gut microbiota play an important role in DSS-induced colitis, it is essential to evaluate the influence of the initial gut microbiota in this model. 28842897 4 6 theme gut 818:820 arg1 microbiota 822:831 the gut microbiota 814:831 the gut microbiota 814:831 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 3 7 from variations 492:501 arg1 microbiota 522:531 the initial gut microbiota 506:531 the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice 506:560 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 5 8 with mice 946:949 arg1 damage 969:974 milder colon damage 956:974 milder colon damage 956:974 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 3 9 theme DSS-induced 639:649 arg1 colitis 651:657 DSS-induced colitis 639:657 DSS-induced colitis 639:657 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 5 10 theme colon 963:967 arg1 damage 969:974 milder colon damage 956:974 milder colon damage 956:974 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 4 11 theme mouse 722:726 arg1 model 728:732 the same C57BL/6J mouse model 704:732 the same C57BL/6J mouse model 704:732 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 6 12 theme different 1149:1157 arg1 responses 1159:1167 different responses 1149:1167 different responses to DSS treatment 1149:1184 Moreover, these varied gut bacteria in the different trials also showed different responses to DSS treatment. 28842897 5 13 theme gut 885:887 arg1 microbiota 889:898 the gut microbiota 881:898 the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis 881:926 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 14 theme severe 913:918 arg1 colitis 920:926 severe colitis 913:926 severe colitis 913:926 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 4 15 theme C57BL/6J 713:720 arg1 model 728:732 the same C57BL/6J mouse model 704:732 the same C57BL/6J mouse model 704:732 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 7 16 theme diseases 1309:1316 arg1 mechanisms 1295:1304 mechanisms 1295:1304 mechanisms of diseases 1295:1316 Our work suggests that, in studies using mouse models, the gut microbiota must be considered when examining mechanisms of diseases, to ensure that comparable results are obtained. 28842897 5 17 from structure 852:860 arg1 mice 903:906 mice 903:906 mice with severe colitis 903:926 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 18 theme Akkermansia 1021:1031 arg1 bacteria 1033:1040 Akkermansia bacteria 1021:1040 Akkermansia bacteria 1021:1040 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 19 from decrease 1048:1055 arg1 bacteria 1033:1040 Akkermansia bacteria 1021:1040 Akkermansia bacteria 1021:1040 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 19 from decrease 1048:1055 arg1 spp 1072:1074 Barnesiella spp 1060:1074 Barnesiella spp 1060:1074 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 3 20 theme significant 480:490 arg1 variations 492:501 significant variations 480:501 significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice 480:560 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 3 21 contain had 611:613 arg2 influence 626:634 a profound influence 615:634 a profound influence 615:634 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 3 21 contain had 611:613 arg1 microbiota 600:609 the initial intestinal microbiota 577:609 the initial intestinal microbiota 577:609 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 0 22 theme gut 8:10 arg1 structure 23:31 Initial gut microbiota structure 0:31 Initial gut microbiota structure 0:31 Initial gut microbiota structure affects sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis in a mouse model. 28842897 3 23 theme gut 518:520 arg1 microbiota 522:531 the initial gut microbiota 506:531 the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice 506:560 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 0 24 theme Initial 0:6 arg1 structure 23:31 Initial gut microbiota structure 0:31 Initial gut microbiota structure 0:31 Initial gut microbiota structure affects sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis in a mouse model. 28842897 5 25 theme microbiota 889:898 arg1 composition 866:876 composition 866:876 composition 866:876 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 25 theme microbiota 889:898 arg1 structure 852:860 structure 852:860 structure 852:860 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 1 26 theme applied 161:167 arg1 model 175:179 a widely applied mouse model 152:179 a widely applied mouse model 152:179 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 1 26 theme applied 161:167 arg1 model 143:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model 94:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model 94:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 5 27 from increase 1009:1016 arg1 bacteria 1033:1040 Akkermansia bacteria 1021:1040 Akkermansia bacteria 1021:1040 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 27 from increase 1009:1016 arg1 spp 1072:1074 Barnesiella spp 1060:1074 Barnesiella spp 1060:1074 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 1 28 theme same 254:257 arg1 strain 265:270 the same mouse strain 250:270 the same mouse strain 250:270 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 4 29 theme rRNA 782:785 arg1 sequencing 792:801 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 762:801 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 762:801 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 4 30 theme same 708:711 arg1 model 728:732 the same C57BL/6J mouse model 704:732 the same C57BL/6J mouse model 704:732 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 4 31 used used 757:760 arg2 We 660:661 We 660:661 We 660:661 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 1 32 theme mouse 169:173 arg1 model 175:179 a widely applied mouse model 152:179 a widely applied mouse model 152:179 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 1 32 theme mouse 169:173 arg1 model 143:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model 94:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model 94:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 0 33 theme microbiota 12:21 arg1 structure 23:31 Initial gut microbiota structure 0:31 Initial gut microbiota structure 0:31 Initial gut microbiota structure affects sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis in a mouse model. 28842897 1 34 theme mouse 259:263 arg1 strain 265:270 the same mouse strain 250:270 the same mouse strain 250:270 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 3 35 theme intestinal 589:598 arg1 microbiota 600:609 the initial intestinal microbiota 577:609 the initial intestinal microbiota 577:609 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 3 36 theme initial 510:516 arg1 microbiota 522:531 the initial gut microbiota 506:531 the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice 506:560 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 2 37 theme gut 430:432 arg1 microbiota 434:443 the initial gut microbiota 418:443 the initial gut microbiota 418:443 Because the gut microbiota play an important role in DSS-induced colitis, it is essential to evaluate the influence of the initial gut microbiota in this model. 28842897 3 38 theme batches 546:552 arg1 microbiota 522:531 the initial gut microbiota 506:531 the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice 506:560 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 5 39 from microbiota 889:898 arg1 mice 903:906 mice 903:906 mice with severe colitis 903:926 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 7 40 theme comparable 1334:1343 arg1 results 1345:1351 comparable results 1334:1351 comparable results 1334:1351 Our work suggests that, in studies using mouse models, the gut microbiota must be considered when examining mechanisms of diseases, to ensure that comparable results are obtained. 28842897 2 41 theme initial 422:428 arg1 microbiota 434:443 the initial gut microbiota 418:443 the initial gut microbiota 418:443 Because the gut microbiota play an important role in DSS-induced colitis, it is essential to evaluate the influence of the initial gut microbiota in this model. 28842897 5 42 theme Barnesiella 1060:1070 arg1 spp 1072:1074 Barnesiella spp 1060:1074 Barnesiella spp 1060:1074 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 6 43 theme varied 1093:1098 arg1 bacteria 1104:1111 these varied gut bacteria 1087:1111 these varied gut bacteria in the different trials 1087:1135 Moreover, these varied gut bacteria in the different trials also showed different responses to DSS treatment. 28842897 4 44 theme high-throughput 762:776 arg1 sequencing 792:801 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 762:801 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 762:801 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 4 45 theme 16S 778:780 arg1 sequencing 792:801 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 762:801 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 762:801 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 0 46 theme DSS-induced 56:66 arg1 colitis 68:74 DSS-induced colitis 56:74 DSS-induced colitis 56:74 Initial gut microbiota structure affects sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis in a mouse model. 28842897 3 47 theme initial 581:587 arg1 microbiota 600:609 the initial intestinal microbiota 577:609 the initial intestinal microbiota 577:609 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 4 48 theme gene 787:790 arg1 sequencing 792:801 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 762:801 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing 762:801 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 5 49 dep structure 852:860 arg1 the 848:850 the 848:850 the 848:850 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 49 dep structure 852:860 arg1 compared 932:939 compared 932:939 compared with mice with milder colon damage 932:974 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 2 50 theme gut 311:313 arg1 microbiota 315:324 the gut microbiota 307:324 the gut microbiota 307:324 Because the gut microbiota play an important role in DSS-induced colitis, it is essential to evaluate the influence of the initial gut microbiota in this model. 28842897 1 51 theme same 282:285 arg1 conditions 287:296 the same conditions 278:296 the same conditions 278:296 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 7 52 theme mouse 1228:1232 arg1 models 1234:1239 mouse models 1228:1239 mouse models 1228:1239 Our work suggests that, in studies using mouse models, the gut microbiota must be considered when examining mechanisms of diseases, to ensure that comparable results are obtained. 28842897 3 53 theme profound 617:624 arg1 influence 626:634 a profound influence 615:634 a profound influence 615:634 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 3 54 theme different 536:544 arg1 batches 546:552 different batches 536:552 different batches of mice 536:560 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 5 55 from composition 866:876 arg1 mice 903:906 mice 903:906 mice with severe colitis 903:926 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 6 56 theme different 1120:1128 arg1 trials 1130:1135 the different trials 1116:1135 the different trials 1116:1135 Moreover, these varied gut bacteria in the different trials also showed different responses to DSS treatment. 28842897 5 57 theme milder 956:961 arg1 damage 969:974 milder colon damage 956:974 milder colon damage 956:974 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 4 58 theme independent 679:689 arg1 trials 691:696 three independent trials 673:696 three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model 673:732 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 5 59 from mice 903:906 arg1 composition 866:876 composition 866:876 composition 866:876 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 59 from mice 903:906 arg1 structure 852:860 structure 852:860 structure 852:860 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 1 60 theme controversial 186:198 arg1 results 200:206 controversial results 186:206 controversial results 186:206 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 5 61 theme unique 981:986 arg1 increase 1009:1016 an increase 1006:1016 an increase in Akkermansia bacteria 1006:1040 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 61 theme unique 981:986 arg1 features 988:995 unique features 981:995 unique features 981:995 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 61 theme unique 981:986 arg1 decrease 1048:1055 a decrease 1046:1055 a decrease in Barnesiella spp 1046:1074 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 4 62 theme DSS 739:741 arg1 treatment 743:751 DSS treatment 739:751 DSS treatment 739:751 We performed three independent trials using the same C57BL/6J mouse model with DSS treatment and used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. 28842897 3 63 theme mice 557:560 arg1 batches 546:552 different batches 536:552 different batches of mice 536:560 Here, we identified significant variations in the initial gut microbiota of different batches of mice and found that the initial intestinal microbiota had a profound influence on DSS-induced colitis. 28842897 5 64 with mice 903:906 arg1 colitis 920:926 severe colitis 913:926 severe colitis 913:926 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 2 65 theme important 334:342 arg1 role 344:347 an important role 331:347 an important role 331:347 Because the gut microbiota play an important role in DSS-induced colitis, it is essential to evaluate the influence of the initial gut microbiota in this model. 28842897 2 66 theme DSS-induced 352:362 arg1 colitis 364:370 DSS-induced colitis 352:370 DSS-induced colitis 352:370 Because the gut microbiota play an important role in DSS-induced colitis, it is essential to evaluate the influence of the initial gut microbiota in this model. 28842897 5 67 contain had 977:979 arg2 decrease 1048:1055 a decrease 1046:1055 a decrease in Barnesiella spp 1046:1074 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 67 contain had 977:979 arg1 composition 866:876 composition 866:876 composition 866:876 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 67 contain had 977:979 arg1 structure 852:860 structure 852:860 structure 852:860 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 67 contain had 977:979 arg2 features 988:995 unique features 981:995 unique features 981:995 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 5 67 contain had 977:979 arg2 increase 1009:1016 an increase 1006:1016 an increase in Akkermansia bacteria 1006:1040 We found that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with severe colitis, as compared with mice with milder colon damage, had unique features, such as an increase in Akkermansia bacteria and a decrease in Barnesiella spp. 28842897 7 68 theme gut 1246:1248 arg1 microbiota 1250:1259 the gut microbiota 1242:1259 the gut microbiota 1242:1259 Our work suggests that, in studies using mouse models, the gut microbiota must be considered when examining mechanisms of diseases, to ensure that comparable results are obtained. 28842897 6 69 theme gut 1100:1102 arg1 bacteria 1104:1111 these varied gut bacteria 1087:1111 these varied gut bacteria in the different trials 1087:1135 Moreover, these varied gut bacteria in the different trials also showed different responses to DSS treatment. 28842897 1 70 theme -induced 126:133 arg1 model 175:179 a widely applied mouse model 152:179 a widely applied mouse model 152:179 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28842897 1 70 theme -induced 126:133 arg1 model 143:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model 94:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model 94:147 The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is a widely applied mouse model, but controversial results have been obtained from experiments using the same mouse strain under the same conditions. 28537545 8 0 theme strain 971:976 arg1 Agd-32T 978:984 strain Agd-32T 971:984 strain Agd-32T 971:984 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 8 1 theme other 1160:1164 arg1 members 1166:1172 other members 1160:1172 other members of the genus 1160:1185 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 11 2 theme type 1393:1396 arg1 Agd-32T 1408:1414 Agd-32T 1408:1414 Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T) 1408:1452 The type strain is Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T). 28537545 11 2 theme type 1393:1396 arg1 strain 1398:1403 The type strain 1389:1403 The type strain 1389:1403 The type strain is Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T). 28537545 5 3 theme major 492:496 arg1 quinone 509:515 The major isoprenoid quinone 488:515 The major isoprenoid quinone 488:515 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28537545 5 3 theme major 492:496 arg1 MK-7 521:524 MK-7 521:524 MK-7 521:524 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28537545 9 4 dep inference 1221:1229 arg1 the 1191:1193 the 1191:1193 the 1191:1193 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 9 4 dep inference 1221:1229 arg1 basis 1195:1199 basis 1195:1199 basis 1195:1199 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 4 5 theme fatty 475:479 arg1 anteiso-C15  428:439 anteiso-C15  428:439 anteiso-C15  428:439 Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 28537545 4 5 theme fatty 475:479 arg1 acids 481:485 the predominant fatty acids 459:485 the predominant fatty acids 459:485 Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 28537545 5 6 theme lipid 541:545 arg1 profile 547:553 the polar lipid profile 531:553 the polar lipid profile 531:553 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28537545 2 7 from Reservoir 161:169 arg1 Taiwan 174:179 Taiwan 174:179 Taiwan 174:179 A bacterial strain, designated Agd-32T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28537545 4 8 theme predominant 463:473 arg1 anteiso-C15  428:439 anteiso-C15  428:439 anteiso-C15  428:439 Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 28537545 4 8 theme predominant 463:473 arg1 acids 481:485 the predominant fatty acids 459:485 the predominant fatty acids 459:485 Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 28537545 8 9 theme Paenibacillus 1054:1066 arg1 tarimensis 1068:1077 Paenibacillus tarimensis 1054:1077 Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus 1054:1185 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 8 10 with similarity 1144:1153 arg1 members 1166:1172 other members 1160:1172 other members of the genus 1160:1185 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 7 11 theme cell-wall 879:887 arg1 peptidoglycan 889:901 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 875:901 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 875:901 Strain Agd-32T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28537545 4 12 dep anteiso-C15  428:439 arg1 C16  448:451 C16  448:451 C16  448:451 Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 28537545 4 12 dep anteiso-C15  428:439 arg1  0 441:442  0 441:442  0 441:442 Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 28537545 8 13 theme sequence 1084:1091 arg1 similarity 1093:1102 sequence similarity 1084:1102 sequence similarity of 96.1 % 1084:1112 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 2 14 theme water 123:127 arg1 sample 129:134 a water sample 121:134 a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan 121:179 A bacterial strain, designated Agd-32T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28537545 5 15 theme unidentified 644:655 arg1 aminophosphoglycolipid 657:678 one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid 640:678 one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid 640:678 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28537545 6 16 theme DNA 803:805 arg1 % 819:819 56.0 mol% 811:819 56.0 mol% 811:819 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.0 mol%. 28537545 6 16 theme DNA 803:805 arg1 content 780:786 The DNA G+C content 768:786 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 768:805 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.0 mol%. 28537545 1 17 theme water 46:50 arg1 reservoir 52:60 a water reservoir 44:60 a water reservoir 44:60 nov., isolated from a water reservoir. 28537545 8 18 theme genus 1181:1185 arg1 members 1166:1172 other members 1160:1172 other members of the genus 1160:1185 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 6 19 theme genomic 795:801 arg1 DNA 803:805 the genomic DNA 791:805 the genomic DNA 791:805 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.0 mol%. 28537545 11 20 theme =BCRC 1417:1421 arg1 33691T 1446:1451 =BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T 1417:1451 =BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T 1417:1451 The type strain is Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T). 28537545 11 20 theme =BCRC 1417:1421 arg1 Agd-32T 1408:1414 Agd-32T 1408:1414 Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T) 1408:1452 The type strain is Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T). 28537545 3 21 theme peritrichous 315:326 arg1 flagella 328:335 peritrichous flagella 315:335 peritrichous flagella 315:335 Cells of strain Agd-32T were Gram-stain-variable, aerobic, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and surrounded by a thick capsule. 28537545 9 22 theme novel 1313:1317 arg1 species 1319:1325 a novel species 1311:1325 a novel species 1311:1325 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 9 23 theme lacus 1361:1365 arg1 sp 1367:1368 the name Paenibacillus lacus sp 1338:1368 the name Paenibacillus lacus sp 1338:1368 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 0 24 theme lacus 14:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Paenibacillus lacus sp 0:21 Paenibacillus lacus sp. 0:22 Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 9 25 theme species 1319:1325 arg1 Agd-32T 1259:1265 strain Agd-32T 1252:1265 strain Agd-32T 1252:1265 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 9 25 theme species 1319:1325 arg1 representative 1293:1306 a representative 1291:1306 a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp 1291:1368 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 8 26 dep similarity 1144:1153 arg1 % 1133:1133 % 1133:1133 % 1133:1133 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 8 27 theme Paenibacillus 1008:1020 arg1 genus 1002:1006 the genus Paenibacillus 998:1020 the genus Paenibacillus 998:1020 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 7 28 theme meso-diaminopimelic 847:865 arg1 acid 867:870 meso-diaminopimelic acid 847:870 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 847:901 Strain Agd-32T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28537545 0 29 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 20:21 Paenibacillus lacus sp 0:21 Paenibacillus lacus sp. 0:22 Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 2 30 theme Agongdian 151:159 arg1 Reservoir 161:169 the Agongdian Reservoir 147:169 the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan 147:179 A bacterial strain, designated Agd-32T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28537545 9 31 theme phylogenetic 1208:1219 arg1 inference 1221:1229 the phylogenetic inference 1204:1229 the phylogenetic inference 1204:1229 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 7 32 theme Strain 822:827 arg1 Agd-32T 829:835 Strain Agd-32T 822:835 Strain Agd-32T 822:835 Strain Agd-32T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28537545 7 33 from acid 867:870 arg1 peptidoglycan 889:901 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 875:901 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 875:901 Strain Agd-32T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28537545 3 34 theme strain 246:251 arg1 Agd-32T 253:259 strain Agd-32T 246:259 strain Agd-32T 246:259 Cells of strain Agd-32T were Gram-stain-variable, aerobic, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and surrounded by a thick capsule. 28537545 5 35 theme polar 535:539 arg1 profile 547:553 the polar lipid profile 531:553 the polar lipid profile 531:553 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28537545 6 36 theme 56.0 mol 811:818 arg1 % 819:819 56.0 mol% 811:819 56.0 mol% 811:819 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.0 mol%. 28537545 6 36 theme 56.0 mol 811:818 arg1 content 780:786 The DNA G+C content 768:786 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 768:805 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.0 mol%. 28537545 3 37 theme Agd-32T 253:259 arg1 Cells 237:241 Cells 237:241 Cells of strain Agd-32T 237:259 Cells of strain Agd-32T were Gram-stain-variable, aerobic, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and surrounded by a thick capsule. 28537545 11 38 theme 28836T=KCTC 1434:1444 arg1 33691T 1446:1451 =BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T 1417:1451 =BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T 1417:1451 The type strain is Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T). 28537545 11 38 theme 28836T=KCTC 1434:1444 arg1 Agd-32T 1408:1414 Agd-32T 1408:1414 Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T) 1408:1452 The type strain is Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T). 28537545 11 39 theme 80902T=LMG 1423:1432 arg1 33691T 1446:1451 =BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T 1417:1451 =BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T 1417:1451 The type strain is Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T). 28537545 11 39 theme 80902T=LMG 1423:1432 arg1 Agd-32T 1408:1414 Agd-32T 1408:1414 Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T) 1408:1452 The type strain is Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T). 28537545 8 40 with similarity 1093:1102 arg1 members 1166:1172 other members 1160:1172 other members of the genus 1160:1185 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 8 41 theme rRNA 939:942 arg1 sequences 949:957 16S rRNA gene sequences 935:957 16S rRNA gene sequences 935:957 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 9 42 theme phenotypic 1235:1244 arg1 data 1246:1249 phenotypic data 1235:1249 phenotypic data 1235:1249 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 8 43 with tarimensis 1068:1077 arg1 similarity 1144:1153 less than 95.9 % sequence similarity 1118:1153 less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus 1118:1185 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 8 43 with tarimensis 1068:1077 arg1 similarity 1093:1102 sequence similarity 1084:1102 sequence similarity of 96.1 % 1084:1112 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 4 44 contain contained 418:426 arg2 acids 481:485 the predominant fatty acids 459:485 the predominant fatty acids 459:485 Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 28537545 4 44 contain contained 418:426 arg2 anteiso-C15  428:439 anteiso-C15  428:439 anteiso-C15  428:439 Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 28537545 4 44 contain contained 418:426 arg1 Agd-32T 410:416 Strain Agd-32T 403:416 Strain Agd-32T 403:416 Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 28537545 3 45 theme thick 388:392 arg1 capsule 394:400 a thick capsule 386:400 a thick capsule 386:400 Cells of strain Agd-32T were Gram-stain-variable, aerobic, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and surrounded by a thick capsule. 28537545 9 46 theme name 1342:1345 arg1 sp 1367:1368 the name Paenibacillus lacus sp 1338:1368 the name Paenibacillus lacus sp 1338:1368 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 5 47 theme unidentified 714:725 arg1 phospholipid 727:738 one unidentified phospholipid 710:738 one unidentified phospholipid 710:738 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28537545 5 48 theme isoprenoid 498:507 arg1 quinone 509:515 The major isoprenoid quinone 488:515 The major isoprenoid quinone 488:515 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28537545 5 48 theme isoprenoid 498:507 arg1 MK-7 521:524 MK-7 521:524 MK-7 521:524 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28537545 5 49 theme unidentified 748:759 arg1 lipid 761:765 one unidentified lipid 744:765 one unidentified lipid 744:765 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28537545 9 50 theme Paenibacillus 1347:1359 arg1 sp 1367:1368 the name Paenibacillus lacus sp 1338:1368 the name Paenibacillus lacus sp 1338:1368 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 8 51 theme 16S 935:937 arg1 sequences 949:957 16S rRNA gene sequences 935:957 16S rRNA gene sequences 935:957 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 8 52 theme % 1112:1112 arg1 similarity 1144:1153 less than 95.9 % sequence similarity 1118:1153 less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus 1118:1185 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 8 52 theme % 1112:1112 arg1 similarity 1093:1102 sequence similarity 1084:1102 sequence similarity of 96.1 % 1084:1112 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 2 53 theme bacterial 65:73 arg1 strain 75:80 A bacterial strain 63:80 A bacterial strain 63:80 A bacterial strain, designated Agd-32T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28537545 7 54 contain contained 837:845 arg1 Agd-32T 829:835 Strain Agd-32T 822:835 Strain Agd-32T 822:835 Strain Agd-32T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28537545 7 54 contain contained 837:845 arg2 acid 867:870 meso-diaminopimelic acid 847:870 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 847:901 Strain Agd-32T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28537545 9 55 theme strain 1252:1257 arg1 Agd-32T 1259:1265 strain Agd-32T 1252:1265 strain Agd-32T 1252:1265 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 9 55 theme strain 1252:1257 arg1 representative 1293:1306 a representative 1291:1306 a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp 1291:1368 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. 28537545 6 56 theme G+C 776:778 arg1 % 819:819 56.0 mol% 811:819 56.0 mol% 811:819 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.0 mol%. 28537545 6 56 theme G+C 776:778 arg1 content 780:786 The DNA G+C content 768:786 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 768:805 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.0 mol%. 28537545 8 57 theme gene 944:947 arg1 sequences 949:957 16S rRNA gene sequences 935:957 16S rRNA gene sequences 935:957 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 2 58 attach isolated 107:114 arg1 sample 129:134 a water sample 121:134 a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan 121:179 A bacterial strain, designated Agd-32T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28537545 2 58 attach isolated 107:114 arg2 strain 75:80 A bacterial strain 63:80 A bacterial strain 63:80 A bacterial strain, designated Agd-32T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28537545 5 59 theme unidentified 685:696 arg1 glycolipid 698:707 one unidentified glycolipid 681:707 one unidentified glycolipid 681:707 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28537545 6 60 theme DNA 772:774 arg1 % 819:819 56.0 mol% 811:819 56.0 mol% 811:819 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.0 mol%. 28537545 6 60 theme DNA 772:774 arg1 content 780:786 The DNA G+C content 768:786 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 768:805 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.0 mol%. 28537545 8 61 theme Phylogenetic 904:915 arg1 analyses 917:924 Phylogenetic analyses 904:924 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 904:957 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 4 62 theme Strain 403:408 arg1 Agd-32T 410:416 Strain Agd-32T 403:416 Strain Agd-32T 403:416 Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 28537545 2 63 theme taxonomy 218:225 arg1 approach 227:234 a polyphasic taxonomy approach 205:234 a polyphasic taxonomy approach 205:234 A bacterial strain, designated Agd-32T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28537545 8 64 theme sequence 1135:1142 arg1 similarity 1144:1153 less than 95.9 % sequence similarity 1118:1153 less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus 1118:1185 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28537545 2 65 theme polyphasic 207:216 arg1 approach 227:234 a polyphasic taxonomy approach 205:234 a polyphasic taxonomy approach 205:234 A bacterial strain, designated Agd-32T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28537545 8 66 dep % 1133:1133 arg1 95.9  1128:1132 95.9  1128:1132 95.9  1128:1132 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. 28462587 6 0 theme mitogen-activated 1043:1059 arg1 kinase 1069:1074 p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase 1038:1074 p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase 1038:1074 Redox signaling induced by bacterial uracil promoted larval growth by regulating sugar and lipid metabolism via activation of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase. 28462587 8 1 dep CONCLUSION 1310:1319 arg1 play 1467:1470 play 1467:1470 play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia 1467:1558 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 8 1 dep CONCLUSION 1310:1319 arg1 illustrate 1335:1344 illustrate 1335:1344 illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions 1335:1430 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 0 2 theme Fat 90:92 arg1 Storage 94:100 Redox-Dependent Fat Storage 74:100 Redox-Dependent Fat Storage in High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila 74:134 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes Promote Larval Growth by Increasing Redox-Dependent Fat Storage in High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila. 28462587 2 3 theme species 366:372 arg1 numbers 337:343 increased numbers 327:343 increased numbers of certain bacterial species 327:372 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 6 4 theme kinase 1069:1074 arg1 activation 1024:1033 activation 1024:1033 activation of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase 1024:1074 Redox signaling induced by bacterial uracil promoted larval growth by regulating sugar and lipid metabolism via activation of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase. 28462587 0 5 theme High-Sugar 105:114 arg1 Drosophila 125:134 High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila 105:134 High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila 105:134 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes Promote Larval Growth by Increasing Redox-Dependent Fat Storage in High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila. 28462587 6 6 theme larval 965:970 arg1 growth 972:977 larval growth 965:977 larval growth 965:977 Redox signaling induced by bacterial uracil promoted larval growth by regulating sugar and lipid metabolism via activation of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase. 28462587 10 7 theme Redox 1571:1575 arg1 Signal 1577:1582 Redox Signal 1571:1582 Redox Signal. 1571:1583 Redox Signal. 28462587 4 8 theme HSD 677:679 arg1 feeding 663:669 RESULTS Chronic feeding 647:669 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila 647:693 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila resulted in a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut. 28462587 6 9 theme protein 1061:1067 arg1 kinase 1069:1074 p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase 1038:1074 p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase 1038:1074 Redox signaling induced by bacterial uracil promoted larval growth by regulating sugar and lipid metabolism via activation of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase. 28462587 7 10 theme opportunistic 1208:1220 arg1 pathobionts 1222:1232 opportunistic pathobionts 1208:1232 opportunistic pathobionts 1208:1232 INNOVATION The present study identified a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions. 28462587 5 11 theme Axenic 772:777 arg1 insects 779:785 Axenic insects 772:785 Axenic insects mono-associated with uracil-secreting bacteria or supplemented with uracil under HSD conditions 772:881 Axenic insects mono-associated with uracil-secreting bacteria or supplemented with uracil under HSD conditions promoted larval development. 28462587 7 12 dep INNOVATION 1077:1086 arg1 identified 1106:1115 identified 1106:1115 identified a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions 1106:1307 INNOVATION The present study identified a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions. 28462587 1 13 theme metabolic 286:294 arg1 syndrome 296:303 metabolic syndrome 286:303 metabolic syndrome 286:303 AIMS Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota contribute to the development of obesity and subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome. 28462587 7 14 theme HSD 1294:1296 arg1 conditions 1298:1307 chronic HSD conditions 1286:1307 chronic HSD conditions 1286:1307 INNOVATION The present study identified a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions. 28462587 4 15 theme resident 725:732 arg1 bacteria 751:758 resident uracil-secreting bacteria 725:758 resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut 725:769 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila resulted in a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut. 28462587 1 16 theme gut 176:178 arg1 microbiota 180:189 the gut microbiota 172:189 the gut microbiota 172:189 AIMS Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota contribute to the development of obesity and subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome. 28462587 0 17 theme Diet-Fed 116:123 arg1 Drosophila 125:134 High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila 105:134 High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila 105:134 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes Promote Larval Growth by Increasing Redox-Dependent Fat Storage in High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila. 28462587 6 18 theme bacterial 939:947 arg1 uracil 949:954 bacterial uracil 939:954 bacterial uracil 939:954 Redox signaling induced by bacterial uracil promoted larval growth by regulating sugar and lipid metabolism via activation of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase. 28462587 5 19 theme uracil-secreting 808:823 arg1 bacteria 825:832 uracil-secreting bacteria 808:832 uracil-secreting bacteria 808:832 Axenic insects mono-associated with uracil-secreting bacteria or supplemented with uracil under HSD conditions promoted larval development. 28462587 1 20 from Changes 142:148 arg1 composition 157:167 the composition 153:167 the composition of the gut microbiota 153:189 AIMS Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota contribute to the development of obesity and subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome. 28462587 1 21 theme microbiota 180:189 arg1 composition 157:167 the composition 153:167 the composition of the gut microbiota 153:189 AIMS Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota contribute to the development of obesity and subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome. 28462587 0 22 theme Pathogenic 14:23 arg1 Microbes 29:36 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes 0:36 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes 0:36 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes Promote Larval Growth by Increasing Redox-Dependent Fat Storage in High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila. 28462587 4 23 from gut 767:769 arg1 predominance 709:720 a predominance 707:720 a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut 707:769 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila resulted in a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut. 28462587 2 24 theme increased 327:335 arg1 numbers 337:343 increased numbers 327:343 increased numbers of certain bacterial species 327:372 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 2 25 theme obesity 397:403 arg1 progress 385:392 the progress 381:392 the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota 381:471 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 7 26 theme chronic 1286:1292 arg1 conditions 1298:1307 chronic HSD conditions 1286:1307 chronic HSD conditions 1286:1307 INNOVATION The present study identified a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions. 28462587 6 27 theme p38a 1038:1041 arg1 kinase 1069:1074 p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase 1038:1074 p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase 1038:1074 Redox signaling induced by bacterial uracil promoted larval growth by regulating sugar and lipid metabolism via activation of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase. 28462587 4 28 theme uracil-secreting 734:749 arg1 bacteria 751:758 resident uracil-secreting bacteria 725:758 resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut 725:769 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila resulted in a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut. 28462587 8 29 from changes 1437:1443 arg1 microbiota 1456:1465 the gut microbiota 1448:1465 the gut microbiota 1448:1465 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 8 30 theme important 1475:1483 arg1 role 1485:1488 an important role 1472:1488 an important role 1472:1488 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 8 31 theme gut 1365:1367 arg1 microbes 1369:1376 Drosophila and gut microbes 1350:1376 Drosophila and gut microbes 1350:1376 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 2 32 theme community 435:443 arg1 structure 445:453 the community structure 431:453 the community structure of gut microbiota 431:471 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 8 33 theme stress 1414:1419 arg1 conditions 1421:1430 stress conditions 1414:1430 stress conditions 1414:1430 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 3 34 theme resident 575:582 arg1 microbiota 588:597 their resident gut microbiota 569:597 their resident gut microbiota 569:597 Here, we demonstrate the inter-relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and their resident gut microbiota under chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions. 28462587 8 35 theme diet-derived 1517:1528 arg1 effects 1530:1536 deleterious diet-derived effects 1505:1536 deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia 1505:1558 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 8 35 theme diet-derived 1517:1528 arg1 hyperglycemia 1546:1558 hyperglycemia 1546:1558 hyperglycemia 1546:1558 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 4 36 theme Chronic 655:661 arg1 feeding 663:669 RESULTS Chronic feeding 647:669 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila 647:693 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila resulted in a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut. 28462587 0 37 theme Gut 25:27 arg1 Microbes 29:36 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes 0:36 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes 0:36 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes Promote Larval Growth by Increasing Redox-Dependent Fat Storage in High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila. 28462587 7 38 theme uracil-secreting 1158:1173 arg1 bacteria 1175:1182 uracil-secreting bacteria 1158:1182 uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) 1158:1233 INNOVATION The present study identified a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions. 28462587 0 39 from Storage 94:100 arg1 Drosophila 125:134 High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila 105:134 High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila 105:134 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes Promote Larval Growth by Increasing Redox-Dependent Fat Storage in High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila. 28462587 3 40 theme gut 584:586 arg1 microbiota 588:597 their resident gut microbiota 569:597 their resident gut microbiota 569:597 Here, we demonstrate the inter-relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and their resident gut microbiota under chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions. 28462587 4 41 theme RESULTS 647:653 arg1 feeding 663:669 RESULTS Chronic feeding 647:669 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila 647:693 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila resulted in a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut. 28462587 0 42 theme Larval 46:51 arg1 Growth 53:58 Larval Growth 46:58 Larval Growth 46:58 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes Promote Larval Growth by Increasing Redox-Dependent Fat Storage in High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila. 28462587 2 43 theme certain 348:354 arg1 species 366:372 certain bacterial species 348:372 certain bacterial species 348:372 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 5 44 theme larval 892:897 arg1 development 899:909 larval development 892:909 larval development 892:909 Axenic insects mono-associated with uracil-secreting bacteria or supplemented with uracil under HSD conditions promoted larval development. 28462587 3 45 theme diet 624:627 arg1 conditions 635:644 chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions 605:644 chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions 605:644 Here, we demonstrate the inter-relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and their resident gut microbiota under chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions. 28462587 2 46 theme s 416:416 arg1 progress 385:392 the progress 381:392 the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota 381:471 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 2 47 theme factor 409:414 arg1 s 416:416 factor(s) 409:417 factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota 409:471 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 5 48 dep insects 779:785 arg1 supplemented 837:848 supplemented 837:848 supplemented with uracil under HSD conditions 837:881 Axenic insects mono-associated with uracil-secreting bacteria or supplemented with uracil under HSD conditions promoted larval development. 28462587 5 48 dep insects 779:785 arg1 mono-associated 787:801 mono-associated 787:801 mono-associated with uracil-secreting bacteria 787:832 Axenic insects mono-associated with uracil-secreting bacteria or supplemented with uracil under HSD conditions promoted larval development. 28462587 6 49 theme Redox 912:916 arg1 signaling 918:926 Redox signaling 912:926 Redox signaling induced by bacterial uracil 912:954 Redox signaling induced by bacterial uracil promoted larval growth by regulating sugar and lipid metabolism via activation of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase. 28462587 7 50 theme metabolic 1257:1265 arg1 perturbation 1267:1278 metabolic perturbation 1257:1278 metabolic perturbation 1257:1278 INNOVATION The present study identified a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions. 28462587 7 51 theme present 1092:1098 arg1 study 1100:1104 The present study 1088:1104 The present study 1088:1104 INNOVATION The present study identified a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions. 28462587 1 52 theme obesity 224:230 arg1 development 209:219 the development 205:219 the development of obesity and subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome 205:303 AIMS Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota contribute to the development of obesity and subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome. 28462587 2 53 theme microbiota 462:471 arg1 structure 445:453 the community structure 431:453 the community structure of gut microbiota 431:471 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 6 54 theme lipid 1003:1007 arg1 metabolism 1009:1018 sugar and lipid metabolism 993:1018 metabolism 1009:1018 Redox signaling induced by bacterial uracil promoted larval growth by regulating sugar and lipid metabolism via activation of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase. 28462587 7 55 theme new 1119:1121 arg1 mechanism 1139:1147 a new redox-dependent mechanism 1117:1147 a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions 1117:1307 INNOVATION The present study identified a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions. 28462587 3 56 theme chronic 605:611 arg1 conditions 635:644 chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions 605:644 chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions 605:644 Here, we demonstrate the inter-relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and their resident gut microbiota under chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions. 28462587 2 57 theme bacterial 356:364 arg1 species 366:372 certain bacterial species 348:372 certain bacterial species 348:372 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 2 58 theme gut 458:460 arg1 microbiota 462:471 gut microbiota 458:471 gut microbiota 458:471 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 7 59 theme redox-dependent 1123:1137 arg1 mechanism 1139:1147 a new redox-dependent mechanism 1117:1147 a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions 1117:1307 INNOVATION The present study identified a new redox-dependent mechanism by which uracil-secreting bacteria (previously regarded as opportunistic pathobionts) protect the host from metabolic perturbation under chronic HSD conditions. 28462587 3 60 theme high-sugar 613:622 arg1 conditions 635:644 chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions 605:644 chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions 605:644 Here, we demonstrate the inter-relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and their resident gut microbiota under chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions. 28462587 1 61 theme AIMS 137:140 arg1 Changes 142:148 AIMS Changes 137:148 AIMS Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota 137:189 AIMS Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota contribute to the development of obesity and subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome. 28462587 4 62 from bacteria 751:758 arg1 gut 767:769 the gut 763:769 the gut 763:769 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila resulted in a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut. 28462587 6 63 theme sugar 993:997 arg1 metabolism 1009:1018 sugar and lipid metabolism 993:1018 metabolism 1009:1018 Redox signaling induced by bacterial uracil promoted larval growth by regulating sugar and lipid metabolism via activation of p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase. 28462587 8 64 theme deleterious 1505:1515 arg1 effects 1530:1536 deleterious diet-derived effects 1505:1536 deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia 1505:1558 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 8 64 theme deleterious 1505:1515 arg1 hyperglycemia 1546:1558 hyperglycemia 1546:1558 hyperglycemia 1546:1558 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 4 65 theme bacteria 751:758 arg1 predominance 709:720 a predominance 707:720 a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut 707:769 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila resulted in a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut. 28462587 8 66 link diet-derived 1517:1528 arg1 effects 1530:1536 deleterious diet-derived effects 1505:1536 deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia 1505:1558 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 8 66 link diet-derived 1517:1528 arg1 hyperglycemia 1546:1558 hyperglycemia 1546:1558 hyperglycemia 1546:1558 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 2 67 theme numbers 337:343 arg1 role 319:322 the role 315:322 the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota 315:471 However, the role of increased numbers of certain bacterial species during the progress of obesity and factor(s) controlling the community structure of gut microbiota remain unclear. 28462587 8 68 theme gut 1452:1454 arg1 microbiota 1456:1465 the gut microbiota 1448:1465 the gut microbiota 1448:1465 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 1 69 theme subsequent 236:245 arg1 complications 247:259 subsequent complications 236:259 subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome 236:303 AIMS Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota contribute to the development of obesity and subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome. 28462587 0 70 theme Redox-Dependent 74:88 arg1 Storage 94:100 Redox-Dependent Fat Storage 74:100 Redox-Dependent Fat Storage in High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila 74:134 Conditionally Pathogenic Gut Microbes Promote Larval Growth by Increasing Redox-Dependent Fat Storage in High-Sugar Diet-Fed Drosophila. 28462587 8 71 theme symbiotic 1385:1393 arg1 relationship 1395:1406 a symbiotic relationship 1383:1406 a symbiotic relationship 1383:1406 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 3 72 theme HSD 630:632 arg1 conditions 635:644 chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions 605:644 chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions 605:644 Here, we demonstrate the inter-relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and their resident gut microbiota under chronic high-sugar diet (HSD) conditions. 28462587 8 73 theme Drosophila 1350:1359 arg1 microbes 1369:1376 Drosophila and gut microbes 1350:1376 Drosophila and gut microbes 1350:1376 CONCLUSION These results illustrate how Drosophila and gut microbes form a symbiotic relationship under stress conditions, and changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in alleviating deleterious diet-derived effects such as hyperglycemia. 28462587 1 74 theme complications 247:259 arg1 development 209:219 the development 205:219 the development of obesity and subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome 205:303 AIMS Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota contribute to the development of obesity and subsequent complications that are associated with metabolic syndrome. 28462587 5 75 theme HSD 868:870 arg1 conditions 872:881 HSD conditions 868:881 HSD conditions 868:881 Axenic insects mono-associated with uracil-secreting bacteria or supplemented with uracil under HSD conditions promoted larval development. 28462587 4 76 from predominance 709:720 arg1 gut 767:769 the gut 763:769 the gut 763:769 RESULTS Chronic feeding of an HSD to Drosophila resulted in a predominance of resident uracil-secreting bacteria in the gut. 28142301 8 0 theme infected 1392:1399 arg1 tissues 1401:1407 chronically infected tissues 1380:1407 chronically infected tissues 1380:1407 We provide in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE, which may be beneficial in preventing the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions within chronically infected tissues. 28142301 1 1 theme polyphenol-rich 162:176 arg1 LCE 187:189 LCE 187:189 LCE 187:189 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 1 1 theme polyphenol-rich 162:176 arg1 extract 178:184 L. polyphenol-rich extract 159:184 Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) 141:190 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 6 2 theme PAF 1012:1014 arg1 secretion 1016:1024 PAF secretion 1012:1024 PAF secretion induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan 1012:1064 LCE significantly increased NO production in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner and led to the inhibition of PAF secretion induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan. 28142301 0 3 theme endothelial 75:85 arg1 cells 87:91 endothelial cells 75:91 endothelial cells 75:91 The immunomodulatory potential of Leonurus cardiaca extract in relation to endothelial cells and platelets. 28142301 6 4 theme NO 923:924 arg1 production 926:935 NO production 923:935 NO production in HUVECs 923:945 LCE significantly increased NO production in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner and led to the inhibition of PAF secretion induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan. 28142301 8 5 dep provide 1201:1207 arg1 beneficial 1289:1298 beneficial 1289:1298 beneficial 1289:1298 We provide in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE, which may be beneficial in preventing the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions within chronically infected tissues. 28142301 2 6 from LCE 345:347 arg1 aggregation 491:501 platelet aggregation 482:501 platelet aggregation 482:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 6 from LCE 345:347 arg1 secretion 458:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion 418:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs 418:476 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 7 theme antioxidant 354:364 arg1 activity 380:387 its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity 350:387 its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity 350:387 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 8 from composition 330:340 arg1 aggregation 491:501 platelet aggregation 482:501 platelet aggregation 482:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 8 from composition 330:340 arg1 secretion 458:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion 418:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs 418:476 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 7 9 theme platelet 1140:1147 arg1 aggregation 1149:1159 platelet aggregation 1140:1159 platelet aggregation 1140:1159 The extract used at the concentration of 100 µg/ml significantly reduced platelet aggregation in the presence of arachidonic acid. 28142301 4 10 theme ascorbic 768:775 arg1 acid 777:780 ascorbic acid 768:780 ascorbic acid 768:780 LCE expressed antioxidant capacity, which was, however, 13- to 16-fold lower than the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid. 28142301 6 11 from production 926:935 arg1 HUVECs 940:945 HUVECs 940:945 HUVECs 940:945 LCE significantly increased NO production in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner and led to the inhibition of PAF secretion induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan. 28142301 6 12 theme secretion 1016:1024 arg1 inhibition 998:1007 the inhibition 994:1007 the inhibition of PAF secretion induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan 994:1064 LCE significantly increased NO production in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner and led to the inhibition of PAF secretion induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan. 28142301 8 13 theme in vitro 1209:1216 arg1 data 1218:1221 in vitro data 1209:1221 in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE 1209:1273 We provide in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE, which may be beneficial in preventing the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions within chronically infected tissues. 28142301 0 14 from extract 52:58 arg1 relation 63:70 relation 63:70 relation to endothelial cells and platelets 63:105 The immunomodulatory potential of Leonurus cardiaca extract in relation to endothelial cells and platelets. 28142301 5 15 theme concentration 827:839 arg1 4500 µg/ml 841:850 a concentration 4500 µg/ml 825:850 a concentration 4500 µg/ml 825:850 The plant extract was not cytotoxic up to a concentration 4500 µg/ml and did not exhibit proapoptotic activity. 28142301 3 16 theme Total 522:526 arg1 contents 539:546 Total polyphenol contents 522:546 Total polyphenol contents in LCE 522:553 Total polyphenol contents in LCE reached 137.0 ± 0.8 mg/g, with hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds. 28142301 2 17 theme influence 398:406 arg1 composition 330:340 The phytochemical composition 312:340 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation 312:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 8 18 theme LCE 1271:1273 arg1 potential 1258:1266 the immunomodulatory potential 1237:1266 the immunomodulatory potential of LCE 1237:1273 We provide in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE, which may be beneficial in preventing the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions within chronically infected tissues. 28142301 7 19 theme arachidonic 1180:1190 arg1 acid 1192:1195 arachidonic acid 1180:1195 arachidonic acid 1180:1195 The extract used at the concentration of 100 µg/ml significantly reduced platelet aggregation in the presence of arachidonic acid. 28142301 3 20 theme polyphenol 528:537 arg1 contents 539:546 Total polyphenol contents 522:546 Total polyphenol contents in LCE 522:553 Total polyphenol contents in LCE reached 137.0 ± 0.8 mg/g, with hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds. 28142301 4 21 theme antioxidant 672:682 arg1 capacity 684:691 antioxidant capacity 672:691 antioxidant capacity 672:691 LCE expressed antioxidant capacity, which was, however, 13- to 16-fold lower than the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid. 28142301 0 22 theme immunomodulatory 4:19 arg1 potential 21:29 The immunomodulatory potential 0:29 The immunomodulatory potential of Leonurus cardiaca 0:50 The immunomodulatory potential of Leonurus cardiaca extract in relation to endothelial cells and platelets. 28142301 2 23 from secretion 458:466 arg1 composition 330:340 The phytochemical composition 312:340 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation 312:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 24 theme factor 445:450 arg1 secretion 458:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion 418:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs 418:476 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 7 25 theme acid 1192:1195 arg1 presence 1168:1175 the presence 1164:1175 the presence of arachidonic acid 1164:1195 The extract used at the concentration of 100 µg/ml significantly reduced platelet aggregation in the presence of arachidonic acid. 28142301 7 26 theme 100 µg/ml 1108:1116 arg1 concentration 1091:1103 the concentration 1087:1103 the concentration of 100 µg/ml 1087:1116 The extract used at the concentration of 100 µg/ml significantly reduced platelet aggregation in the presence of arachidonic acid. 28142301 2 27 from activity 380:387 arg1 aggregation 491:501 platelet aggregation 482:501 platelet aggregation 482:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 27 from activity 380:387 arg1 secretion 458:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion 418:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs 418:476 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 28 theme phytochemical 316:328 arg1 composition 330:340 The phytochemical composition 312:340 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation 312:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 5 29 theme proapoptotic 872:883 arg1 activity 885:892 proapoptotic activity 872:892 proapoptotic activity 872:892 The plant extract was not cytotoxic up to a concentration 4500 µg/ml and did not exhibit proapoptotic activity. 28142301 2 30 theme platelet-activating 425:443 arg1 factor 445:450 platelet-activating factor 425:450 platelet-activating factor (PAF) 425:456 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 30 theme platelet-activating 425:443 arg1 PAF 453:455 PAF 453:455 PAF 453:455 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 3 31 from contents 539:546 arg1 LCE 551:553 LCE 551:553 LCE 551:553 Total polyphenol contents in LCE reached 137.0 ± 0.8 mg/g, with hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds. 28142301 1 32 dep cardiaca 150:157 arg1 LCE 187:189 LCE 187:189 LCE 187:189 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 1 32 dep cardiaca 150:157 arg1 extract 178:184 L. polyphenol-rich extract 159:184 Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) 141:190 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 2 33 theme NO 418:419 arg1 secretion 458:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion 418:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs 418:476 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 4 34 dep 16-fold 721:727 arg1 to 718:719 to 718:719 to 718:719 LCE expressed antioxidant capacity, which was, however, 13- to 16-fold lower than the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid. 28142301 4 34 dep 16-fold 721:727 arg1 lower 729:733 lower 729:733 lower 729:733 LCE expressed antioxidant capacity, which was, however, 13- to 16-fold lower than the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid. 28142301 1 35 theme inflammatory 290:301 arg1 lesions 303:309 inflammatory lesions 290:309 inflammatory lesions 290:309 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 4 36 theme antioxidant 744:754 arg1 activity 756:763 the antioxidant activity 740:763 the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid 740:780 LCE expressed antioxidant capacity, which was, however, 13- to 16-fold lower than the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid. 28142301 1 37 theme cardiaca 150:157 arg1 activity 129:136 The immunomodulatory activity 108:136 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) 108:190 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 0 38 theme cardiaca 43:50 arg1 potential 21:29 The immunomodulatory potential 0:29 The immunomodulatory potential of Leonurus cardiaca 0:50 The immunomodulatory potential of Leonurus cardiaca extract in relation to endothelial cells and platelets. 28142301 1 39 theme lesions 303:309 arg1 treatment 277:285 the treatment 273:285 the treatment of inflammatory lesions 273:309 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 1 40 dep potential 237:245 arg1 therapeutic 247:257 therapeutic 247:257 therapeutic 247:257 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 3 41 theme acid 602:605 arg1 derivatives 607:617 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives 586:617 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds 586:655 Total polyphenol contents in LCE reached 137.0 ± 0.8 mg/g, with hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds. 28142301 2 42 theme LCE 411:413 arg1 influence 398:406 the influence 394:406 the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation 394:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 42 theme LCE 411:413 arg1 LCE 345:347 LCE 345:347 LCE 345:347 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 42 theme LCE 411:413 arg1 activity 380:387 its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity 350:387 its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity 350:387 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 0 43 theme Leonurus 34:41 arg1 cardiaca 43:50 Leonurus cardiaca 34:50 Leonurus cardiaca 34:50 The immunomodulatory potential of Leonurus cardiaca extract in relation to endothelial cells and platelets. 28142301 6 44 theme concentration-dependent 952:974 arg1 manner 976:981 a concentration-dependent manner 950:981 a concentration-dependent manner 950:981 LCE significantly increased NO production in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner and led to the inhibition of PAF secretion induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan. 28142301 1 45 from usefulness 259:268 arg1 treatment 277:285 the treatment 273:285 the treatment of inflammatory lesions 273:309 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 2 46 from aggregation 491:501 arg1 composition 330:340 The phytochemical composition 312:340 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation 312:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 8 47 theme immunomodulatory 1241:1256 arg1 potential 1258:1266 the immunomodulatory potential 1237:1266 the immunomodulatory potential of LCE 1237:1273 We provide in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE, which may be beneficial in preventing the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions within chronically infected tissues. 28142301 8 48 theme inflammatory 1352:1363 arg1 lesions 1365:1371 difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions 1333:1371 difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions 1333:1371 We provide in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE, which may be beneficial in preventing the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions within chronically infected tissues. 28142301 8 49 theme difficult-to-treat 1333:1350 arg1 lesions 1365:1371 difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions 1333:1371 difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions 1333:1371 We provide in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE, which may be beneficial in preventing the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions within chronically infected tissues. 28142301 1 50 theme immunomodulatory 112:127 arg1 activity 129:136 The immunomodulatory activity 108:136 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) 108:190 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 2 51 theme cytotoxic 370:378 arg1 activity 380:387 its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity 350:387 its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity 350:387 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 3 52 theme hydroxycinnamic 586:600 arg1 derivatives 607:617 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives 586:617 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds 586:655 Total polyphenol contents in LCE reached 137.0 ± 0.8 mg/g, with hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds. 28142301 2 53 from influence 398:406 arg1 aggregation 491:501 platelet aggregation 482:501 platelet aggregation 482:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 53 from influence 398:406 arg1 secretion 458:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion 418:466 NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs 418:476 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 5 54 dep 4500 µg/ml 841:850 arg1 up 819:820 up 819:820 up 819:820 The plant extract was not cytotoxic up to a concentration 4500 µg/ml and did not exhibit proapoptotic activity. 28142301 3 55 theme predominant 626:636 arg1 compounds 647:655 the predominant phenolic compounds 622:655 the predominant phenolic compounds 622:655 Total polyphenol contents in LCE reached 137.0 ± 0.8 mg/g, with hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds. 28142301 1 56 from in vitro 203:210 arg1 HUVECs 215:220 HUVECs 215:220 HUVECs 215:220 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 2 57 theme LCE 345:347 arg1 composition 330:340 The phytochemical composition 312:340 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation 312:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 6 58 theme staphylococcal 1037:1050 arg1 peptidoglycan 1052:1064 staphylococcal peptidoglycan 1037:1064 staphylococcal peptidoglycan 1037:1064 LCE significantly increased NO production in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner and led to the inhibition of PAF secretion induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan. 28142301 4 59 theme acid 777:780 arg1 activity 756:763 the antioxidant activity 740:763 the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid 740:780 LCE expressed antioxidant capacity, which was, however, 13- to 16-fold lower than the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid. 28142301 3 60 theme phenolic 638:645 arg1 compounds 647:655 the predominant phenolic compounds 622:655 the predominant phenolic compounds 622:655 Total polyphenol contents in LCE reached 137.0 ± 0.8 mg/g, with hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds. 28142301 1 61 theme Leonurus 141:148 arg1 cardiaca 150:157 Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) 141:190 Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) 141:190 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 8 62 theme lesions 1365:1371 arg1 development 1318:1328 the development 1314:1328 the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions 1314:1371 We provide in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE, which may be beneficial in preventing the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions within chronically infected tissues. 28142301 2 63 theme activity 380:387 arg1 composition 330:340 The phytochemical composition 312:340 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation 312:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 2 64 theme platelet 482:489 arg1 aggregation 491:501 platelet aggregation 482:501 platelet aggregation 482:501 The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. 28142301 5 65 theme plant 787:791 arg1 extract 793:799 The plant extract 783:799 The plant extract 783:799 The plant extract was not cytotoxic up to a concentration 4500 µg/ml and did not exhibit proapoptotic activity. 28142301 5 65 theme plant 787:791 arg1 cytotoxic 809:817 cytotoxic 809:817 cytotoxic 809:817 The plant extract was not cytotoxic up to a concentration 4500 µg/ml and did not exhibit proapoptotic activity. 28142301 1 66 theme L. 159:160 arg1 LCE 187:189 LCE 187:189 LCE 187:189 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 1 66 theme L. 159:160 arg1 extract 178:184 L. polyphenol-rich extract 159:184 Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) 141:190 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 28142301 1 67 theme potential 237:245 arg1 usefulness 259:268 its potential therapeutic usefulness 233:268 its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions 233:309 The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. 26507964 7 0 theme novel 1081:1085 arg1 species 1087:1093 a novel species 1079:1093 a novel species 1079:1093 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 3 1 theme polyphasic 189:198 arg1 approach 200:207 a polyphasic approach 187:207 a polyphasic approach 187:207 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 6 2 dep Catenulispora 914:926 arg1 Aac-30T 934:940 Aac-30T 934:940 Aac-30T 934:940 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 2 dep Catenulispora 914:926 arg1 % 948:948 97.4 % 943:948 97.4 % 943:948 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 2 dep Catenulispora 914:926 arg1 rubra 928:932 Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) 914:949 Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) 914:949 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 7 3 theme genus 1102:1106 arg1 Catenulispora 1108:1120 the genus Catenulispora 1098:1120 the genus Catenulispora 1098:1120 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 3 4 from presence 346:353 arg1 peptidoglycan 424:436 the peptidoglycan 420:436 the peptidoglycan 420:436 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 6 5 dep Catenulispora 829:841 arg1 subtropica 843:852 subtropica 843:852 subtropica 843:852 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 3 6 theme morphological 282:294 arg1 presence 346:353 the presence 342:353 the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan 342:436 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 3 6 theme morphological 282:294 arg1 characteristics 315:329 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 282:329 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 282:329 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 6 7 theme Catenulispora 829:841 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 7 theme Catenulispora 829:841 arg1 99-48T 857:862 Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T 829:862 Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %) 829:871 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 7 theme Catenulispora 829:841 arg1 % 870:870 98.2 % 865:870 98.2 % 865:870 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 8 theme Catenulispora 749:761 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 8 theme Catenulispora 749:761 arg1 ID139908T 980:988 ID139908T 980:988 ID139908T 980:988 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 8 theme Catenulispora 749:761 arg1 similarity 816:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 8 theme Catenulispora 749:761 arg1 99-48T 857:862 Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T 829:862 Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %) 829:871 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 8 theme Catenulispora 749:761 arg1 Catenulispora 914:926 Catenulispora 914:926 Catenulispora 914:926 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 8 theme Catenulispora 749:761 arg1 BR-34T 897:902 Catenulispora graminis BR-34T 874:902 Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %) 874:911 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 7 9 theme Catenulispora 1108:1120 arg1 species 1087:1093 a novel species 1079:1093 a novel species 1079:1093 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 1 10 theme forest 44:49 arg1 soil 51:54 forest soil 44:54 forest soil 44:54 nov., isolated from forest soil. 26507964 2 11 theme soil 128:131 arg1 sample 133:138 a forest soil sample 119:138 a forest soil sample collected from Chungnam, South Korea 119:175 An actinomycete strain, designated SA-246T, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Chungnam, South Korea. 26507964 7 12 theme strain 1053:1058 arg1 SA-246T 1060:1066 strain SA-246T 1053:1066 strain SA-246T 1053:1066 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 2 13 theme forest 121:126 arg1 sample 133:138 a forest soil sample 119:138 a forest soil sample collected from Chungnam, South Korea 119:175 An actinomycete strain, designated SA-246T, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Chungnam, South Korea. 26507964 6 14 theme sequence 726:733 arg1 similarity 735:744 the highest sequence similarity 714:744 the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %) 714:997 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 3 15 theme glycine 409:415 arg1 presence 346:353 the presence 342:353 the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan 342:436 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 6 16 theme sequence 807:814 arg1 similarity 816:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 16 theme sequence 807:814 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 7 17 theme polyphasic 1016:1025 arg1 analysis 1027:1034 polyphasic analysis 1016:1034 polyphasic analysis from this study 1016:1050 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 5 18 theme major 552:556 arg1 MK-9 576:579 MK-9 576:579 MK-9 576:579 The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). 26507964 5 18 theme major 552:556 arg1 menaquinones 558:569 The major menaquinones 548:569 The major menaquinones 548:569 The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). 26507964 0 19 theme Catenulispora 0:12 arg1 sp 20:21 Catenulispora fulva sp 0:21 Catenulispora fulva sp. 0:22 Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 6 20 theme sequence 623:630 arg1 analysis 632:639 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 609:639 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 609:639 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 0 21 theme fulva 14:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Catenulispora fulva sp 0:21 Catenulispora fulva sp. 0:22 Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 6 22 theme gene 802:805 arg1 similarity 816:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 22 theme gene 802:805 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 9 23 theme type 1188:1191 arg1 SA-246T 1203:1209 SA-246T 1203:1209 SA-246T ( = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T) 1203:1241 The type strain is SA-246T ( = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T). 26507964 9 23 theme type 1188:1191 arg1 strain 1193:1198 The type strain 1184:1198 The type strain 1184:1198 The type strain is SA-246T ( = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T). 26507964 6 24 theme gene 618:621 arg1 analysis 632:639 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 609:639 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 609:639 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 3 25 theme alanine 397:403 arg1 presence 346:353 the presence 342:353 the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan 342:436 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 3 26 theme acid 376:379 arg1 presence 346:353 the presence 342:353 the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan 342:436 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 6 27 theme graminis 888:895 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 27 theme graminis 888:895 arg1 BR-34T 897:902 Catenulispora graminis BR-34T 874:902 Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %) 874:911 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 27 theme graminis 888:895 arg1 % 910:910 97.4 % 905:910 97.4 % 905:910 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 28 theme yoronensis 763:772 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 28 theme yoronensis 763:772 arg1 ID139908T 980:988 ID139908T 980:988 ID139908T 980:988 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 28 theme yoronensis 763:772 arg1 similarity 816:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 28 theme yoronensis 763:772 arg1 99-48T 857:862 Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T 829:862 Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %) 829:871 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 28 theme yoronensis 763:772 arg1 Catenulispora 914:926 Catenulispora 914:926 Catenulispora 914:926 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 28 theme yoronensis 763:772 arg1 BR-34T 897:902 Catenulispora graminis BR-34T 874:902 Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %) 874:911 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 29 theme rRNA 613:616 arg1 analysis 632:639 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 609:639 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 609:639 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 30 theme Catenulispora 874:886 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 30 theme Catenulispora 874:886 arg1 BR-34T 897:902 Catenulispora graminis BR-34T 874:902 Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %) 874:911 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 30 theme Catenulispora 874:886 arg1 % 910:910 97.4 % 905:910 97.4 % 905:910 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 31 theme 16S 609:611 arg1 rRNA 613:616 16S rRNA 609:616 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 609:639 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 32 theme rRNA 797:800 arg1 similarity 816:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 32 theme rRNA 797:800 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 3 33 theme acid 391:394 arg1 presence 346:353 the presence 342:353 the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan 342:436 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 7 34 theme Catenulispora 1142:1154 arg1 sp 1162:1163 the name Catenulispora fulva sp 1133:1163 the name Catenulispora fulva sp 1133:1163 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 6 35 theme 16S 793:795 arg1 similarity 816:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 35 theme 16S 793:795 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 7 36 theme fulva 1156:1160 arg1 sp 1162:1163 the name Catenulispora fulva sp 1133:1163 the name Catenulispora fulva sp 1133:1163 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 7 37 dep analysis 1027:1034 arg1 basis 1007:1011 basis 1007:1011 basis 1007:1011 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 7 37 dep analysis 1027:1034 arg1 the 1003:1005 the 1003:1005 the 1003:1005 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 4 38 theme Whole-cell 439:448 arg1 hydrolysates 450:461 Whole-cell hydrolysates 439:461 Whole-cell hydrolysates 439:461 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained predominantly rhamnose, mannose, ribose, arabinose, galactose and glucose. 26507964 9 39 theme  = KACC 1212:1218 arg1 SA-246T 1203:1209 SA-246T 1203:1209 SA-246T ( = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T) 1203:1241 The type strain is SA-246T ( = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T). 26507964 9 39 theme  = KACC 1212:1218 arg1 110074T 1234:1240  = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T 1212:1240  = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T 1212:1240 The type strain is SA-246T ( = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T). 26507964 3 40 theme genus 256:260 arg1 Catenulispora 262:274 the genus Catenulispora 252:274 the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan 252:436 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 6 41 theme 98.7  786:790 arg1 % 791:791 % 791:791 % 791:791 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 42 theme genus 685:689 arg1 Catenulispora 691:703 the genus Catenulispora 681:703 the genus Catenulispora 681:703 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 7 43 theme name 1137:1140 arg1 sp 1162:1163 the name Catenulispora fulva sp 1133:1163 the name Catenulispora fulva sp 1133:1163 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 3 44 theme glutamic 382:389 arg1 acid 391:394 glutamic acid 382:394 glutamic acid 382:394 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 9 45 theme 17878T = NBRC 1220:1232 arg1 SA-246T 1203:1209 SA-246T 1203:1209 SA-246T ( = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T) 1203:1241 The type strain is SA-246T ( = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T). 26507964 9 45 theme 17878T = NBRC 1220:1232 arg1 110074T 1234:1240  = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T 1212:1240  = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T 1212:1240 The type strain is SA-246T ( = KACC 17878T = NBRC 110074T). 26507964 3 46 theme Catenulispora 262:274 arg1 member 242:247 a member 240:247 a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan 240:436 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 3 46 theme Catenulispora 262:274 arg1 isolate 214:220 the isolate 210:220 the isolate 210:220 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 6 47 theme % 791:791 arg1 similarity 816:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 47 theme % 791:791 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 2 48 theme actinomycete 60:71 arg1 strain 73:78 An actinomycete strain 57:78 An actinomycete strain 57:78 An actinomycete strain, designated SA-246T, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Chungnam, South Korea. 26507964 6 49 theme highest 718:724 arg1 similarity 735:744 the highest sequence similarity 714:744 the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %) 714:997 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 7 50 from study 1046:1050 arg1 analysis 1027:1034 polyphasic analysis 1016:1034 polyphasic analysis from this study 1016:1050 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SA-246T represents a novel species of the genus Catenulispora, for which the name Catenulispora fulva sp. 26507964 6 51 theme TT 774:775 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 51 theme TT 774:775 arg1 ID139908T 980:988 ID139908T 980:988 ID139908T 980:988 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 51 theme TT 774:775 arg1 similarity 816:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 786:825 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 51 theme TT 774:775 arg1 99-48T 857:862 Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T 829:862 Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %) 829:871 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 51 theme TT 774:775 arg1 Catenulispora 914:926 Catenulispora 914:926 Catenulispora 914:926 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 51 theme TT 774:775 arg1 BR-34T 897:902 Catenulispora graminis BR-34T 874:902 Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %) 874:911 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 4 52 contain contained 463:471 arg2 rhamnose 487:494 rhamnose 487:494 rhamnose 487:494 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained predominantly rhamnose, mannose, ribose, arabinose, galactose and glucose. 26507964 4 52 contain contained 463:471 arg2 arabinose 514:522 arabinose 514:522 arabinose 514:522 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained predominantly rhamnose, mannose, ribose, arabinose, galactose and glucose. 26507964 4 52 contain contained 463:471 arg1 hydrolysates 450:461 Whole-cell hydrolysates 439:461 Whole-cell hydrolysates 439:461 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained predominantly rhamnose, mannose, ribose, arabinose, galactose and glucose. 26507964 4 52 contain contained 463:471 arg2 galactose 525:533 galactose 525:533 galactose 525:533 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained predominantly rhamnose, mannose, ribose, arabinose, galactose and glucose. 26507964 4 52 contain contained 463:471 arg2 ribose 506:511 ribose 506:511 ribose 506:511 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained predominantly rhamnose, mannose, ribose, arabinose, galactose and glucose. 26507964 4 52 contain contained 463:471 arg2 glucose 539:545 glucose 539:545 glucose 539:545 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained predominantly rhamnose, mannose, ribose, arabinose, galactose and glucose. 26507964 4 52 contain contained 463:471 arg2 mannose 497:503 mannose 497:503 mannose 497:503 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained predominantly rhamnose, mannose, ribose, arabinose, galactose and glucose. 26507964 3 53 attach presence 346:353 arg2 alanine 397:403 alanine 397:403 alanine 397:403 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 3 53 attach presence 346:353 arg2 glycine 409:415 glycine 409:415 glycine 409:415 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 3 53 attach presence 346:353 arg2 acid 376:379 ll-diaminopimelic acid 358:379 ll-diaminopimelic acid 358:379 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 3 53 attach presence 346:353 arg2 acid 391:394 glutamic acid 382:394 glutamic acid 382:394 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 3 53 attach presence 346:353 arg1 peptidoglycan 424:436 the peptidoglycan 420:436 the peptidoglycan 420:436 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 3 54 theme ll-diaminopimelic 358:374 arg1 acid 376:379 ll-diaminopimelic acid 358:379 ll-diaminopimelic acid 358:379 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 3 55 theme chemotaxonomic 300:313 arg1 presence 346:353 the presence 342:353 the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan 342:436 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 3 55 theme chemotaxonomic 300:313 arg1 characteristics 315:329 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 282:329 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 282:329 Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Catenulispora using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine in the peptidoglycan. 26507964 6 56 theme TT 854:855 arg1 N02-20T 777:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T 749:783 Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 749:826 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 56 theme TT 854:855 arg1 99-48T 857:862 Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T 829:862 Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %) 829:871 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 56 theme TT 854:855 arg1 % 870:870 98.2 % 865:870 98.2 % 865:870 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 6 57 theme strain 655:660 arg1 SA-246T 662:668 strain SA-246T 655:668 strain SA-246T 655:668 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SA-246T belongs to the genus Catenulispora, showing the highest sequence similarity to Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (98.2 %), Catenulispora graminis BR-34T (97.4 %), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.4 %) and Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.3 %). 26507964 2 58 attach isolated 105:112 arg2 strain 73:78 An actinomycete strain 57:78 An actinomycete strain 57:78 An actinomycete strain, designated SA-246T, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Chungnam, South Korea. 26507964 2 58 attach isolated 105:112 arg1 sample 133:138 a forest soil sample 119:138 a forest soil sample collected from Chungnam, South Korea 119:175 An actinomycete strain, designated SA-246T, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Chungnam, South Korea. 24895548 7 0 theme wt 993:994 arg1 value 967:971 FRAP value 962:971 FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt 962:994 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 9 1 theme chemical 1520:1527 arg1 composition 1529:1539 their chemical composition 1514:1539 their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities 1514:1597 Therefore, it can be concluded that A. jacquemontii leaves hold considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential and they can be explored further for the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities. 24895548 7 2 theme M/g 985:987 arg1 wt 993:994 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt 976:994 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt 976:994 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 1 3 theme Arisaema 252:259 arg1 jacquemontii 261:272 Arisaema jacquemontii 252:272 Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region 252:306 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 1 3 theme Arisaema 252:259 arg1 species 235:241 ethnomedicinally valuable species 209:241 ethnomedicinally valuable species 209:241 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 8 4 theme immune 1033:1038 arg1 potential 1051:1059 immune modulating potential 1033:1059 immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls 1033:1332 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 0 5 theme Iron 0:3 arg1 chelation 12:20 Iron (FeII) chelation 0:20 Iron (FeII) chelation 0:20 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 4 6 from g/mL 611:614 arg1 % 600:600 58% 598:600 58% 598:600 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 9 7 theme better 1547:1552 arg1 understanding 1554:1566 a better understanding 1545:1566 a better understanding of their biological activities 1545:1597 Therefore, it can be concluded that A. jacquemontii leaves hold considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential and they can be explored further for the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities. 24895548 8 8 theme suppressive 1120:1130 arg1 effect 1132:1137 significant suppressive effect 1108:1137 significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation 1108:1188 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 0 9 theme Arisaema 93:100 arg1 Lily 132:135 Himalayan Cobra Lily 116:135 Himalayan Cobra Lily 116:135 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 0 9 theme Arisaema 93:100 arg1 jacquemontii 102:113 Arisaema jacquemontii 93:113 Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily) 93:136 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 9 10 theme biological 1577:1586 arg1 activities 1588:1597 their biological activities 1571:1597 their biological activities 1571:1597 Therefore, it can be concluded that A. jacquemontii leaves hold considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential and they can be explored further for the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities. 24895548 8 11 theme induced 1150:1156 arg1 T-cell 1158:1163 mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation 1142:1188 T-cell 1158:1163 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 7 12 theme reducing 942:949 arg1 power 951:955 reducing power 942:955 reducing power 942:955 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 8 13 theme hexane 1088:1093 arg1 fraction 1095:1102 hexane fraction 1088:1102 hexane fraction 1088:1102 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 0 14 theme Cobra 126:130 arg1 Lily 132:135 Himalayan Cobra Lily 116:135 Himalayan Cobra Lily 116:135 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 0 14 theme Cobra 126:130 arg1 jacquemontii 102:113 Arisaema jacquemontii 93:113 Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily) 93:136 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 4 15 theme 0.11 657:660 arg1 wt 678:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt 637:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt. 637:680 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 7 16 theme μ 930:930 arg1 g/mL 932:935 100 μ g/mL 926:935 100 μ g/mL 926:935 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 7 17 theme chelation 897:905 arg1 capacity 907:914 significant chelation capacity 885:914 significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) 885:936 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 8 18 theme remarkable 1194:1203 arg1 effect 1217:1222 remarkable stimulating effect 1194:1222 remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response 1194:1242 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 0 19 theme antioxidant 39:49 arg1 power 51:55 ferric reducing antioxidant power 23:55 ferric reducing antioxidant power 23:55 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 4 20 theme FRAP 637:640 arg1 wt 678:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt 637:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt. 637:680 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 7 21 theme methanol 857:864 arg1 fraction 866:873 the methanol fraction 853:873 the methanol fraction 853:873 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 4 22 theme /g 671:672 arg1 wt 678:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt 637:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt. 637:680 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 0 23 theme immune 62:67 arg1 potential 80:88 immune modulating potential 62:88 immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily) 62:136 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 8 24 theme B-cell 1169:1174 arg1 proliferation 1176:1188 mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation 1142:1188 proliferation 1176:1188 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 3 25 theme antioxidant 418:428 arg1 studies 430:436 In vitro antioxidant studies 409:436 In vitro antioxidant studies 409:436 In vitro antioxidant studies were performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions and FRAP assay. 24895548 8 26 from effect 1217:1222 arg1 response 1235:1242 humoral response 1227:1242 humoral response 1227:1242 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 8 26 from effect 1217:1222 arg1 T-cell 1158:1163 mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation 1142:1188 T-cell 1158:1163 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 8 26 from effect 1217:1222 arg1 proliferation 1176:1188 mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation 1142:1188 proliferation 1176:1188 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 9 27 theme antioxidant 1412:1422 arg1 potential 1445:1453 considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential 1399:1453 considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential 1399:1453 Therefore, it can be concluded that A. jacquemontii leaves hold considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential and they can be explored further for the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities. 24895548 4 28 theme MFe 664:666 arg1 wt 678:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt 637:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt. 637:680 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 3 29 theme In 409:410 arg1 studies 430:436 In vitro antioxidant studies 409:436 In vitro antioxidant studies 409:436 In vitro antioxidant studies were performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions and FRAP assay. 24895548 5 30 theme other 696:700 arg1 extracts 702:709 all the other extracts 688:709 all the other extracts 688:709 than all the other extracts. 24895548 9 31 theme immunomodulating 1428:1443 arg1 potential 1445:1453 considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential 1399:1453 considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential 1399:1453 Therefore, it can be concluded that A. jacquemontii leaves hold considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential and they can be explored further for the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities. 24895548 4 32 theme methanol 523:530 arg1 extract 532:538 The crude methanol extract 513:538 The crude methanol extract of leaves 513:548 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 0 33 theme FeII 6:9 arg1 chelation 12:20 Iron (FeII) chelation 0:20 Iron (FeII) chelation 0:20 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 1 34 theme north-western 277:289 arg1 region 301:306 north-western Himalayan region 277:306 north-western Himalayan region 277:306 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 7 35 dep capacity 907:914 arg1 % 921:921 49.7% 917:921 49.7% 917:921 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 2 36 theme different 389:397 arg1 solvents 399:406 different solvents 389:406 different solvents 389:406 The tubers, leaves, and fruits of this plant were subjected to extraction using different solvents. 24895548 1 37 theme region 301:306 arg1 jacquemontii 261:272 Arisaema jacquemontii 252:272 Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region 252:306 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 1 37 theme region 301:306 arg1 species 235:241 ethnomedicinally valuable species 209:241 ethnomedicinally valuable species 209:241 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 3 38 theme power 475:479 arg1 terms 456:460 terms 456:460 terms of chelation power 456:479 In vitro antioxidant studies were performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions and FRAP assay. 24895548 0 39 theme ferric 23:28 arg1 power 51:55 ferric reducing antioxidant power 23:55 ferric reducing antioxidant power 23:55 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 7 40 theme Antioxidant 807:817 arg1 study 819:823 Antioxidant study 807:823 Antioxidant study of fractions 807:836 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 6 41 theme crude 716:720 arg1 extract 731:737 The crude methanol extract 712:737 The crude methanol extract 712:737 The crude methanol extract was thus further partitioned with solvents to yield five fractions. 24895548 4 42 theme better 571:576 arg1 capacity 588:595 better chelating capacity 571:595 better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) 571:615 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 8 43 theme suppressed 1290:1299 arg1 mice 1301:1304 immune suppressed mice 1283:1304 immune suppressed mice 1283:1304 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 2 44 theme plant 348:352 arg1 fruits 333:338 fruits 333:338 fruits 333:338 The tubers, leaves, and fruits of this plant were subjected to extraction using different solvents. 24895548 2 44 theme plant 348:352 arg1 tubers 313:318 The tubers 309:318 The tubers 309:318 The tubers, leaves, and fruits of this plant were subjected to extraction using different solvents. 24895548 1 45 theme valuable 226:233 arg1 jacquemontii 261:272 Arisaema jacquemontii 252:272 Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region 252:306 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 1 45 theme valuable 226:233 arg1 species 235:241 ethnomedicinally valuable species 209:241 ethnomedicinally valuable species 209:241 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 7 46 theme dry 989:991 arg1 wt 993:994 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt 976:994 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt 976:994 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 3 47 theme ferrous 484:490 arg1 ions 492:495 ferrous ions 484:495 ferrous ions 484:495 In vitro antioxidant studies were performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions and FRAP assay. 24895548 7 48 theme μ 983:983 arg1 wt 993:994 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt 976:994 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt 976:994 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 8 49 from effect 1132:1137 arg1 response 1235:1242 humoral response 1227:1242 humoral response 1227:1242 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 8 49 from effect 1132:1137 arg1 T-cell 1158:1163 mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation 1142:1188 T-cell 1158:1163 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 8 49 from effect 1132:1137 arg1 proliferation 1176:1188 mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation 1142:1188 proliferation 1176:1188 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 9 50 theme composition 1529:1539 arg1 identification 1496:1509 the identification 1492:1509 the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities 1492:1597 Therefore, it can be concluded that A. jacquemontii leaves hold considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential and they can be explored further for the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities. 24895548 4 51 theme μ 609:609 arg1 g/mL 611:614 100 μ g/mL 605:614 100 μ g/mL 605:614 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 7 52 theme FRAP 962:965 arg1 value 967:971 FRAP value 962:971 FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt 962:994 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 8 53 theme modulating 1040:1049 arg1 potential 1051:1059 immune modulating potential 1033:1059 immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls 1033:1332 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 8 54 contain had 1104:1106 arg2 effect 1217:1222 remarkable stimulating effect 1194:1222 remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response 1194:1242 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 8 54 contain had 1104:1106 arg1 fraction 1095:1102 hexane fraction 1088:1102 hexane fraction 1088:1102 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 8 54 contain had 1104:1106 arg2 effect 1132:1137 significant suppressive effect 1108:1137 significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation 1108:1188 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 8 55 theme significant 1108:1118 arg1 effect 1132:1137 significant suppressive effect 1108:1137 significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation 1108:1188 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 0 56 theme jacquemontii 102:113 arg1 potential 80:88 immune modulating potential 62:88 immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily) 62:136 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 0 56 theme jacquemontii 102:113 arg1 power 51:55 ferric reducing antioxidant power 23:55 ferric reducing antioxidant power 23:55 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 0 56 theme jacquemontii 102:113 arg1 chelation 12:20 Iron (FeII) chelation 0:20 Iron (FeII) chelation 0:20 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 1 57 theme antioxidant 163:173 arg1 potential 196:204 the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential 159:204 the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region 159:306 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 0 58 theme Himalayan 116:124 arg1 Lily 132:135 Himalayan Cobra Lily 116:135 Himalayan Cobra Lily 116:135 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 0 58 theme Himalayan 116:124 arg1 jacquemontii 102:113 Arisaema jacquemontii 93:113 Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily) 93:136 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 8 59 from % 1278:1278 arg1 mice 1301:1304 immune suppressed mice 1283:1304 immune suppressed mice 1283:1304 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 1 60 theme immunomodulatory 179:194 arg1 potential 196:204 the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential 159:204 the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region 159:306 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 9 61 theme activities 1588:1597 arg1 understanding 1554:1566 a better understanding 1545:1566 a better understanding of their biological activities 1545:1597 Therefore, it can be concluded that A. jacquemontii leaves hold considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential and they can be explored further for the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities. 24895548 8 62 theme mitogen 1142:1148 arg1 T-cell 1158:1163 mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation 1142:1188 T-cell 1158:1163 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 6 63 theme methanol 722:729 arg1 extract 731:737 The crude methanol extract 712:737 The crude methanol extract 712:737 The crude methanol extract was thus further partitioned with solvents to yield five fractions. 24895548 4 64 theme value 642:646 arg1 wt 678:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt 637:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt. 637:680 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 4 65 dep capacity 588:595 arg1 % 600:600 58% 598:600 58% 598:600 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 8 66 theme humoral 1227:1233 arg1 response 1235:1242 humoral response 1227:1242 humoral response 1227:1242 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 4 67 theme ± 655:655 arg1 wt 678:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt 637:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt. 637:680 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 4 68 theme reducing 621:628 arg1 power 630:634 reducing power 621:634 reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 621:681 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 7 69 theme significant 885:895 arg1 capacity 907:914 significant chelation capacity 885:914 significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) 885:936 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 8 70 theme stimulating 1205:1215 arg1 effect 1217:1222 remarkable stimulating effect 1194:1222 remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response 1194:1242 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 0 71 theme modulating 69:78 arg1 potential 80:88 immune modulating potential 62:88 immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily) 62:136 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 4 72 dep power 630:634 arg1 wt 678:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt 637:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt. 637:680 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 4 73 theme dry 674:676 arg1 wt 678:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt 637:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt. 637:680 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 4 74 theme μ 662:662 arg1 wt 678:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt 637:679 FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt. 637:680 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 4 75 theme leaves 543:548 arg1 extract 532:538 The crude methanol extract 513:538 The crude methanol extract of leaves 513:548 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 9 76 theme considerable 1399:1410 arg1 potential 1445:1453 considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential 1399:1453 considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential 1399:1453 Therefore, it can be concluded that A. jacquemontii leaves hold considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential and they can be explored further for the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities. 24895548 1 77 theme Himalayan 291:299 arg1 region 301:306 north-western Himalayan region 277:306 north-western Himalayan region 277:306 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 3 78 dep In 409:410 arg1 vitro 412:416 vitro 412:416 vitro 412:416 In vitro antioxidant studies were performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions and FRAP assay. 24895548 8 79 theme DTH 1259:1261 arg1 response 1263:1270 DTH response 1259:1270 DTH response 1259:1270 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 0 80 theme reducing 30:37 arg1 power 51:55 ferric reducing antioxidant power 23:55 ferric reducing antioxidant power 23:55 Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). 24895548 4 81 theme crude 517:521 arg1 extract 532:538 The crude methanol extract 513:538 The crude methanol extract of leaves 513:548 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 7 82 theme fractions 828:836 arg1 study 819:823 Antioxidant study 807:823 Antioxidant study of fractions 807:836 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 4 83 theme chelating 578:586 arg1 capacity 588:595 better chelating capacity 571:595 better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) 571:615 The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 μ MFe(3+)/g dry wt.) 24895548 3 84 theme chelation 465:473 arg1 power 475:479 chelation power 465:479 chelation power 465:479 In vitro antioxidant studies were performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions and FRAP assay. 24895548 1 85 theme ethnomedicinally 209:224 arg1 jacquemontii 261:272 Arisaema jacquemontii 252:272 Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region 252:306 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 1 85 theme ethnomedicinally 209:224 arg1 species 235:241 ethnomedicinally valuable species 209:241 ethnomedicinally valuable species 209:241 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 24895548 7 86 from g/mL 932:935 arg1 % 921:921 49.7% 917:921 49.7% 917:921 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 7 87 contain possessed 875:883 arg2 power 951:955 reducing power 942:955 reducing power 942:955 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 7 87 contain possessed 875:883 arg2 capacity 907:914 significant chelation capacity 885:914 significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) 885:936 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 7 87 contain possessed 875:883 arg1 fraction 866:873 the methanol fraction 853:873 the methanol fraction 853:873 Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μ g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μ M/g dry wt. 24895548 8 88 theme immune 1283:1288 arg1 mice 1301:1304 immune suppressed mice 1283:1304 immune suppressed mice 1283:1304 The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. 24895548 3 89 theme FRAP 501:504 arg1 assay 506:510 FRAP assay 501:510 FRAP assay 501:510 In vitro antioxidant studies were performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions and FRAP assay. 24895548 1 90 theme species 235:241 arg1 potential 196:204 the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential 159:204 the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region 159:306 This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. 27974088 2 0 theme sponge-derived 92:105 arg1 actinomycete 107:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete 83:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete 83:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 2 0 theme sponge-derived 92:105 arg1 ST01-07T 128:135 strain ST01-07T 121:135 strain ST01-07T 121:135 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 5 1 from acid 318:321 arg1 peptidoglycan 330:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 11 2 theme % 1170:1170 arg1 values 1154:1159 low DNA-DNA relatedness values 1130:1159 low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) 1130:1184 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 11 2 theme % 1170:1170 arg1 % 1183:1183 13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6% 1162:1183 13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6% 1162:1183 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 10 3 theme genus 880:884 arg1 Nocardia 886:893 the genus Nocardia 876:893 the genus Nocardia 876:893 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 6 4 theme Nocardia 466:473 arg1 100135T 490:496 Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T 466:496 Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T 466:496 Mycolic acids that co-migrated with those from Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T were observed in whole-cell extracts. 27974088 2 5 theme marine 85:90 arg1 actinomycete 107:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete 83:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete 83:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 2 5 theme marine 85:90 arg1 ST01-07T 128:135 strain ST01-07T 121:135 strain ST01-07T 121:135 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 11 6 theme genus 1251:1255 arg1 Nocardia 1257:1264 the genus Nocardia 1247:1264 the genus Nocardia 1247:1264 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 6 7 theme Mycolic 419:425 arg1 acids 427:431 Mycolic acids 419:431 Mycolic acids that co-migrated with those from Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T 419:496 Mycolic acids that co-migrated with those from Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T were observed in whole-cell extracts. 27974088 13 8 theme 45622T=NBRC 1366:1376 arg1 ST01-07T 1351:1358 ST01-07T 1351:1358 ST01-07T (=BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T) 1351:1385 The type strain is ST01-07T (=BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T). 27974088 13 8 theme 45622T=NBRC 1366:1376 arg1 109069T 1378:1384 =BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T 1361:1384 =BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T 1361:1384 The type strain is ST01-07T (=BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T). 27974088 10 9 theme gene 968:971 arg1 similarity 982:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 9 theme gene 968:971 arg1 0575T 944:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T 927:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 927:992 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 5 10 from ribose 411:416 arg1 peptidoglycan 330:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 9 11 from phospholipids 664:676 arg1 cell 685:688 the cell 681:688 the cell 681:688 The diagnostic phospholipids in the cell consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. 27974088 8 12 dep  0 633:634 arg1  0 645:646  0 645:646  0 645:646 Major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. 27974088 6 13 theme whole-cell 515:524 arg1 extracts 526:533 whole-cell extracts 515:533 whole-cell extracts 515:533 Mycolic acids that co-migrated with those from Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T were observed in whole-cell extracts. 27974088 3 14 theme Andaman 192:198 arg1 Sea 200:202 the Andaman Sea 188:202 the Andaman Sea 188:202 collected from the Andaman Sea. 27974088 6 15 located observed 503:510 arg2 acids 427:431 Mycolic acids 419:431 Mycolic acids that co-migrated with those from Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T 419:496 Mycolic acids that co-migrated with those from Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T were observed in whole-cell extracts. 27974088 6 15 located observed 503:510 arg1 extracts 526:533 whole-cell extracts 515:533 whole-cell extracts 515:533 Mycolic acids that co-migrated with those from Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T were observed in whole-cell extracts. 27974088 1 16 theme marine 49:54 arg1 sponge 56:61 a marine sponge 47:61 a marine sponge in the Andaman Sea 47:80 nov., isolated from a marine sponge in the Andaman Sea. 27974088 10 17 theme strain 848:853 arg1 ST01-07T 855:862 strain ST01-07T 848:862 strain ST01-07T 848:862 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 11 18 theme xestospongiae 1295:1307 arg1 sp 1309:1310 the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp 1277:1310 the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp 1277:1310 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 5 19 from mannose 399:405 arg1 peptidoglycan 330:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 10 20 theme rRNA 817:820 arg1 sequence 827:834 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 809:834 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 809:834 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 11 21 theme Nocardia 1257:1264 arg1 species 1236:1242 a novel species 1228:1242 a novel species 1228:1242 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 2 22 theme strain 121:126 arg1 actinomycete 107:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete 83:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete 83:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 2 22 theme strain 121:126 arg1 ST01-07T 128:135 strain ST01-07T 121:135 strain ST01-07T 121:135 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 10 23 theme 16S 813:815 arg1 rRNA 817:820 the 16S rRNA 809:820 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 809:834 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 0 24 theme xestospongiae 9:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Nocardia xestospongiae sp 0:24 Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 0:25 Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 10 25 theme beijingensis 1037:1048 arg1 AS4.1521T 1050:1058 Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T 1028:1058 Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) 1028:1068 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 25 theme beijingensis 1037:1048 arg1 % 1067:1067 98.41 % 1061:1067 98.41 % 1061:1067 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 11 26 theme strain 1201:1206 arg1 ST01-07T 1208:1215 strain ST01-07T 1201:1215 strain ST01-07T 1201:1215 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 10 27 theme IFM 940:942 arg1 0575T 944:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T 927:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 927:992 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 27 theme IFM 940:942 arg1 similarity 982:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 11 28 theme  to 1171:1173 arg1 values 1154:1159 low DNA-DNA relatedness values 1130:1159 low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) 1130:1184 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 11 28 theme  to 1171:1173 arg1 % 1183:1183 13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6% 1162:1183 13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6% 1162:1183 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 0 29 theme Nocardia 0:7 arg1 sp 23:24 Nocardia xestospongiae sp 0:24 Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 0:25 Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 10 30 theme Nocardia 1074:1081 arg1 10035T 1099:1104 Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T 1074:1104 Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %) 1074:1114 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 30 theme Nocardia 1074:1081 arg1 % 1113:1113 98.36 % 1107:1113 98.36 % 1107:1113 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 1 31 theme Andaman 70:76 arg1 Sea 78:80 the Andaman Sea 66:80 the Andaman Sea 66:80 nov., isolated from a marine sponge in the Andaman Sea. 27974088 11 32 theme novel 1230:1234 arg1 species 1236:1242 a novel species 1228:1242 a novel species 1228:1242 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 10 33 theme rRNA 963:966 arg1 similarity 982:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 33 theme rRNA 963:966 arg1 0575T 944:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T 927:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 927:992 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 34 theme N. 927:928 arg1 0575T 944:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T 927:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 927:992 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 34 theme N. 927:928 arg1 similarity 982:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 7 35 theme predominant 559:569 arg1 MK-8 536:539 MK-8 536:539 MK-8(H4ω-cycl) 536:549 MK-8(H4ω-cycl) was the predominant menaquinone. 27974088 7 35 theme predominant 559:569 arg1 menaquinone 571:581 the predominant menaquinone 555:581 the predominant menaquinone 555:581 MK-8(H4ω-cycl) was the predominant menaquinone. 27974088 2 36 theme Xestospongia 156:167 arg1 sp 169:170 Xestospongia sp 156:170 Xestospongia sp 156:170 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 4 37 theme polyphasic 256:265 arg1 approach 267:274 a polyphasic approach 254:274 a polyphasic approach 254:274 The strain was characterised taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 27974088 5 38 theme whole-cell 345:354 arg1 sugars 356:361 whole-cell sugars 345:361 whole-cell sugars were arabinose 345:376 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 5 39 from sugars 356:361 arg1 peptidoglycan 330:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 8 40 theme fatty 599:603 arg1 acids 605:609 Major cellular fatty acids 584:609 Major cellular fatty acids 584:609 Major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. 27974088 10 41 theme % 957:957 arg1 similarity 982:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 41 theme % 957:957 arg1 0575T 944:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T 927:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 927:992 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 13 42 theme =BCC 1361:1364 arg1 ST01-07T 1351:1358 ST01-07T 1351:1358 ST01-07T (=BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T) 1351:1385 The type strain is ST01-07T (=BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T). 27974088 13 42 theme =BCC 1361:1364 arg1 109069T 1378:1384 =BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T 1361:1384 =BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T 1361:1384 The type strain is ST01-07T (=BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T). 27974088 8 43 dep C17  616:619 arg1 C17  640:643 C17  640:643 C17  640:643 Major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. 27974088 8 43 dep C17  616:619 arg1  0 633:634  0 633:634  0 633:634 Major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. 27974088 8 43 dep C17  616:619 arg1 C16  628:631 C16  628:631 C16  628:631 Major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. 27974088 6 44 theme araoensis 475:483 arg1 100135T 490:496 Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T 466:496 Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T 466:496 Mycolic acids that co-migrated with those from Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T were observed in whole-cell extracts. 27974088 2 45 attach isolated 142:149 arg2 ST01-07T 128:135 strain ST01-07T 121:135 strain ST01-07T 121:135 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 2 45 attach isolated 142:149 arg2 actinomycete 107:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete 83:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete 83:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 2 45 attach isolated 142:149 arg1 sp 169:170 Xestospongia sp 156:170 Xestospongia sp 156:170 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 10 46 theme Phylogenetic 778:789 arg1 analysis 791:798 Phylogenetic analysis 778:798 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 778:834 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 5 47 theme meso-diaminopimelic 298:316 arg1 acid 318:321 meso-diaminopimelic acid 298:321 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 298:342 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 5 48 from glucose 390:396 arg1 peptidoglycan 330:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 11 49 theme relatedness 1142:1152 arg1 values 1154:1159 low DNA-DNA relatedness values 1130:1159 low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) 1130:1184 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 11 49 theme relatedness 1142:1152 arg1 % 1183:1183 13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6% 1162:1183 13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6% 1162:1183 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 10 50 theme IFM 1095:1097 arg1 10035T 1099:1104 Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T 1074:1104 Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %) 1074:1114 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 50 theme IFM 1095:1097 arg1 % 1113:1113 98.36 % 1107:1113 98.36 % 1107:1113 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 13 51 theme type 1336:1339 arg1 ST01-07T 1351:1358 ST01-07T 1351:1358 ST01-07T (=BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T) 1351:1385 The type strain is ST01-07T (=BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T). 27974088 13 51 theme type 1336:1339 arg1 strain 1341:1346 The type strain 1332:1346 The type strain 1332:1346 The type strain is ST01-07T (=BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T). 27974088 10 52 theme arthritidis 1083:1093 arg1 10035T 1099:1104 Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T 1074:1104 Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %) 1074:1114 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 52 theme arthritidis 1083:1093 arg1 % 1113:1113 98.36 % 1107:1113 98.36 % 1107:1113 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 53 theme 16S 959:961 arg1 similarity 982:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 53 theme 16S 959:961 arg1 0575T 944:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T 927:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 927:992 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 5 54 from galactose 379:387 arg1 peptidoglycan 330:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 the peptidoglycan 326:342 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 10 55 theme sequence 973:980 arg1 similarity 982:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 55 theme sequence 973:980 arg1 0575T 944:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T 927:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 927:992 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 56 theme araoensis 930:938 arg1 0575T 944:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T 927:948 N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 927:992 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 56 theme araoensis 930:938 arg1 similarity 982:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 951:991 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 5 57 contain contained 288:296 arg2 glucose 390:396 glucose 390:396 glucose 390:396 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 5 57 contain contained 288:296 arg1 strain 281:286 The strain 277:286 The strain 277:286 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 5 57 contain contained 288:296 arg2 acid 318:321 meso-diaminopimelic acid 298:321 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 298:342 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 5 57 contain contained 288:296 arg2 sugars 356:361 whole-cell sugars 345:361 whole-cell sugars were arabinose 345:376 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 5 57 contain contained 288:296 arg2 mannose 399:405 mannose 399:405 mannose 399:405 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 5 57 contain contained 288:296 arg2 galactose 379:387 galactose 379:387 galactose 379:387 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 5 57 contain contained 288:296 arg2 ribose 411:416 ribose 411:416 ribose 411:416 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. 27974088 6 58 theme NBRC 485:488 arg1 100135T 490:496 Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T 466:496 Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T 466:496 Mycolic acids that co-migrated with those from Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T were observed in whole-cell extracts. 27974088 9 59 theme diagnostic 653:662 arg1 phospholipids 664:676 The diagnostic phospholipids 649:676 The diagnostic phospholipids in the cell 649:688 The diagnostic phospholipids in the cell consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. 27974088 2 60 link sponge-derived 92:105 arg1 actinomycete 107:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete 83:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete 83:118 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 2 60 link sponge-derived 92:105 arg1 ST01-07T 128:135 strain ST01-07T 121:135 strain ST01-07T 121:135 A marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. 27974088 11 61 theme low 1130:1132 arg1 values 1154:1159 low DNA-DNA relatedness values 1130:1159 low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) 1130:1184 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 11 61 theme low 1130:1132 arg1 % 1183:1183 13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6% 1162:1183 13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6% 1162:1183 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 11 62 theme name 1281:1284 arg1 sp 1309:1310 the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp 1277:1310 the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp 1277:1310 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 10 63 theme gene 822:825 arg1 sequence 827:834 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 809:834 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 809:834 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 8 64 theme cellular 590:597 arg1 acids 605:609 Major cellular fatty acids 584:609 Major cellular fatty acids 584:609 Major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. 27974088 11 65 theme Nocardia 1286:1293 arg1 sp 1309:1310 the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp 1277:1310 the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp 1277:1310 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 10 66 theme Nocardia 1028:1035 arg1 AS4.1521T 1050:1058 Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T 1028:1058 Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) 1028:1068 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 10 66 theme Nocardia 1028:1035 arg1 % 1067:1067 98.41 % 1061:1067 98.41 % 1061:1067 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). 27974088 8 67 theme Major 584:588 arg1 acids 605:609 Major cellular fatty acids 584:609 Major cellular fatty acids 584:609 Major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. 27974088 11 68 theme DNA-DNA 1134:1140 arg1 values 1154:1159 low DNA-DNA relatedness values 1130:1159 low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) 1130:1184 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 11 68 theme DNA-DNA 1134:1140 arg1 % 1183:1183 13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6% 1162:1183 13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6% 1162:1183 In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. 27974088 1 69 from sponge 56:61 arg1 Sea 78:80 the Andaman Sea 66:80 the Andaman Sea 66:80 nov., isolated from a marine sponge in the Andaman Sea. 27902303 2 0 theme 16S 472:474 arg1 similarity 495:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 0 theme 16S 472:474 arg1 078085T 456:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T 428:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 428:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 1 theme strain 345:350 arg1 SYP-A7299T 352:361 strain SYP-A7299T 345:361 strain SYP-A7299T 345:361 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 6 2 theme cellular 922:929 arg1 acids 937:941 the predominant cellular fatty acids 906:941 the predominant cellular fatty acids 906:941 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 6 2 theme cellular 922:929 arg1 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 2 3 theme % 470:470 arg1 similarity 495:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 3 theme % 470:470 arg1 078085T 456:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T 428:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 428:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 4 theme Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 strain 142:147 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain 95:147 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T) 95:171 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 4 theme Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 SYP-A7299T 161:170 designated SYP-A7299T 150:170 designated SYP-A7299T 150:170 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 8 5 theme morphological 1046:1058 arg1 characters 1107:1116 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters 1042:1116 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study 1042:1140 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 10 6 theme =DSM 1310:1313 arg1 39 592T 1328:1334 =DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T 1310:1334 =DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T 1310:1334 The type strain is SYP-A7299T (=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T). 27902303 10 6 theme =DSM 1310:1313 arg1 SYP-A7299T 1298:1307 SYP-A7299T 1298:1307 SYP-A7299T (=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T) 1298:1335 The type strain is SYP-A7299T (=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T). 27902303 2 7 attach isolated 225:232 arg2 SYP-A7299T 161:170 designated SYP-A7299T 150:170 designated SYP-A7299T 150:170 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 7 attach isolated 225:232 arg2 strain 142:147 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain 95:147 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T) 95:171 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 7 attach isolated 225:232 arg1 rhizosphere 243:253 the rhizosphere 239:253 the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 239:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 5 8 theme polar 700:704 arg1 lipids 706:711 The polar lipids 696:711 The polar lipids 696:711 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and an unknown polar lipid. 27902303 7 9 theme DNA 1002:1004 arg1 content 1010:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content was 68.9 mol%. 27902303 7 9 theme DNA 1002:1004 arg1 % 1030:1030 68.9 mol% 1022:1030 68.9 mol% 1022:1030 The DNA G+C content was 68.9 mol%. 27902303 2 10 theme Phylogenetic 275:286 arg1 analyses 288:295 Phylogenetic analyses 275:295 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 275:328 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 11 theme 16S 306:308 arg1 sequences 320:328 16S rRNA gene sequences 306:328 16S rRNA gene sequences 306:328 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 12 theme designated 150:159 arg1 strain 142:147 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain 95:147 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T) 95:171 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 12 theme designated 150:159 arg1 SYP-A7299T 161:170 designated SYP-A7299T 150:170 designated SYP-A7299T 150:170 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 7 13 theme G+C 1006:1008 arg1 content 1010:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content was 68.9 mol%. 27902303 7 13 theme G+C 1006:1008 arg1 % 1030:1030 68.9 mol% 1022:1030 68.9 mol% 1022:1030 The DNA G+C content was 68.9 mol%. 27902303 8 14 theme ginkgonis 1247:1255 arg1 sp 1257:1258 the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp 1225:1258 the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp 1225:1258 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 3 15 dep A. 568:569 arg1 halodurans 571:580 halodurans 571:580 halodurans 571:580 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T was 37 % ±2.9. 27902303 2 16 theme sequence 486:493 arg1 similarity 495:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 16 theme sequence 486:493 arg1 078085T 456:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T 428:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 428:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 8 17 theme Arthrobacter 1234:1245 arg1 sp 1257:1258 the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp 1225:1258 the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp 1225:1258 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 6 18 dep  0 961:962 arg1  0 974:975  0 974:975  0 974:975 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 6 18 dep  0 961:962 arg1  0 994:995  0 994:995  0 994:995 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 6 18 dep  0 961:962 arg1 anteiso-C17  981:992 anteiso-C17  981:992 anteiso-C17  981:992 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 2 19 theme Ginkgo 258:263 arg1 rhizosphere 243:253 the rhizosphere 239:253 the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 239:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 20 theme genus 378:382 arg1 Arthrobacter 384:395 the genus Arthrobacter 374:395 the genus Arthrobacter 374:395 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 0 21 theme ginkgonis 13:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp 0:24 Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 0:25 Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 2 22 theme actinobacterial 126:140 arg1 strain 142:147 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain 95:147 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T) 95:171 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 22 theme actinobacterial 126:140 arg1 SYP-A7299T 161:170 designated SYP-A7299T 150:170 designated SYP-A7299T 150:170 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 1 23 theme Ginkgo 78:83 arg1 L 92:92 Ginkgo biloba L 78:92 Ginkgo biloba L 78:92 nov., an actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. 27902303 8 24 theme strain 1143:1148 arg1 SYP-A7299T 1150:1159 strain SYP-A7299T 1143:1159 strain SYP-A7299T 1143:1159 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 0 25 theme Arthrobacter 0:11 arg1 sp 23:24 Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp 0:24 Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 0:25 Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 2 26 dep Arthrobacter 428:439 arg1 halodurans 441:450 halodurans 441:450 halodurans 441:450 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 1 27 theme biloba 85:90 arg1 L 92:92 Ginkgo biloba L 78:92 Ginkgo biloba L 78:92 nov., an actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. 27902303 5 28 theme unknown 817:823 arg1 lipid 831:835 an unknown polar lipid 814:835 an unknown polar lipid 814:835 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and an unknown polar lipid. 27902303 1 29 attach isolated 49:56 arg2 actinomycete 36:47 an actinomycete 33:47 an actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L 33:92 nov., an actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. 27902303 1 29 attach isolated 49:56 arg1 rhizosphere 63:73 rhizosphere 63:73 rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L 63:92 nov., an actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. 27902303 10 30 theme 100491T=KCTC 1315:1326 arg1 39 592T 1328:1334 =DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T 1310:1334 =DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T 1310:1334 The type strain is SYP-A7299T (=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T). 27902303 10 30 theme 100491T=KCTC 1315:1326 arg1 SYP-A7299T 1298:1307 SYP-A7299T 1298:1307 SYP-A7299T (=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T) 1298:1335 The type strain is SYP-A7299T (=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T). 27902303 1 31 theme L 92:92 arg1 rhizosphere 63:73 rhizosphere 63:73 rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L 63:92 nov., an actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. 27902303 10 32 theme type 1283:1286 arg1 SYP-A7299T 1298:1307 SYP-A7299T 1298:1307 SYP-A7299T (=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T) 1298:1335 The type strain is SYP-A7299T (=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T). 27902303 10 32 theme type 1283:1286 arg1 strain 1288:1293 The type strain 1279:1293 The type strain 1279:1293 The type strain is SYP-A7299T (=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T). 27902303 5 33 theme polar 825:829 arg1 lipid 831:835 an unknown polar lipid 814:835 an unknown polar lipid 814:835 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and an unknown polar lipid. 27902303 6 34 theme major 842:846 arg1 MK-8 865:868 MK-8 865:868 MK-8 865:868 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 6 34 theme major 842:846 arg1 menaquinone 848:858 The major menaquinone 838:858 The major menaquinone 838:858 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 2 35 theme Arthrobacter 428:439 arg1 078085T 456:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T 428:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 428:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 35 theme Arthrobacter 428:439 arg1 similarity 495:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 3 36 theme strain 546:551 arg1 SYP-A7299T 553:562 strain SYP-A7299T 546:562 strain SYP-A7299T 546:562 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T was 37 % ±2.9. 27902303 1 37 dep actinomycete 36:47 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. 27902303 3 38 theme JSM 582:584 arg1 078085T 586:592 A. halodurans JSM 078085T 568:592 A. halodurans JSM 078085T 568:592 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T was 37 % ±2.9. 27902303 8 39 theme novel 1174:1178 arg1 species 1180:1186 a novel species 1172:1186 a novel species 1172:1186 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 8 40 theme chemotaxonomic 1092:1105 arg1 characters 1107:1116 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters 1042:1116 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study 1042:1140 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 2 41 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 aerobic 118:124 aerobic 118:124 aerobic 118:124 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 6 42 theme predominant 910:920 arg1 acids 937:941 the predominant cellular fatty acids 906:941 the predominant cellular fatty acids 906:941 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 6 42 theme predominant 910:920 arg1 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 8 43 theme physiological 1061:1073 arg1 characters 1107:1116 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters 1042:1116 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study 1042:1140 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 4 44 theme cell-wall 613:621 arg1 A4α 641:643 A4α 641:643 A4α 641:643 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A4α, and glucose and galactose were whole-cell sugars. 27902303 4 44 theme cell-wall 613:621 arg1 peptidoglycan 623:635 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 609:635 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 609:635 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A4α, and glucose and galactose were whole-cell sugars. 27902303 7 45 theme 68.9 mol 1022:1029 arg1 content 1010:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content was 68.9 mol%. 27902303 7 45 theme 68.9 mol 1022:1029 arg1 % 1030:1030 68.9 mol% 1022:1030 68.9 mol% 1022:1030 The DNA G+C content was 68.9 mol%. 27902303 8 46 theme name 1229:1232 arg1 sp 1257:1258 the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp 1225:1258 the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp 1225:1258 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 3 47 theme A. 568:569 arg1 078085T 586:592 A. halodurans JSM 078085T 568:592 A. halodurans JSM 078085T 568:592 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T was 37 % ±2.9. 27902303 8 48 theme Arthrobacter 1201:1212 arg1 species 1180:1186 a novel species 1172:1186 a novel species 1172:1186 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 2 49 theme JSM 452:454 arg1 078085T 456:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T 428:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 428:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 49 theme JSM 452:454 arg1 similarity 495:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 50 theme growth 203:208 arg1 lifecycle 210:218 a rod-coccus growth lifecycle 190:218 a rod-coccus growth lifecycle 190:218 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 4 51 theme whole-cell 677:686 arg1 sugars 688:693 whole-cell sugars 677:693 whole-cell sugars 677:693 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A4α, and glucose and galactose were whole-cell sugars. 27902303 6 52 dep MK-8 865:868 arg1  0 961:962  0 961:962  0 961:962 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 2 53 theme rod-coccus 192:201 arg1 lifecycle 210:218 a rod-coccus growth lifecycle 190:218 a rod-coccus growth lifecycle 190:218 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 54 theme gene 315:318 arg1 sequences 320:328 16S rRNA gene sequences 306:328 16S rRNA gene sequences 306:328 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 3 55 theme DNA-DNA 512:518 arg1 value 532:536 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 508:536 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T 508:592 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T was 37 % ±2.9. 27902303 3 55 theme DNA-DNA 512:518 arg1 % 601:601 37 % ±2.9 598:606 37 % ±2.9 598:606 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T was 37 % ±2.9. 27902303 3 56 theme relatedness 520:530 arg1 value 532:536 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 508:536 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T 508:592 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T was 37 % ±2.9. 27902303 3 56 theme relatedness 520:530 arg1 % 601:601 37 % ±2.9 598:606 37 % ±2.9 598:606 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T was 37 % ±2.9. 27902303 2 57 theme rRNA 310:313 arg1 sequences 320:328 16S rRNA gene sequences 306:328 16S rRNA gene sequences 306:328 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 8 58 theme genus 1195:1199 arg1 Arthrobacter 1201:1212 the genus Arthrobacter 1191:1212 the genus Arthrobacter 1191:1212 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 2 59 theme gene 481:484 arg1 similarity 495:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 59 theme gene 481:484 arg1 078085T 456:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T 428:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 428:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 60 theme rRNA 476:479 arg1 similarity 495:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 60 theme rRNA 476:479 arg1 078085T 456:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T 428:462 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 428:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 8 61 theme biochemical 1076:1086 arg1 characters 1107:1116 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters 1042:1116 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study 1042:1140 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. 27902303 2 62 dep Ginkgo 258:263 arg1 L. 272:273 Ginkgo biloba L. 258:273 Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 258:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 2 62 dep Ginkgo 258:263 arg1 indicated 330:338 indicated 330:338 indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 330:505 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 27902303 6 63 theme fatty 931:935 arg1 acids 937:941 the predominant cellular fatty acids 906:941 the predominant cellular fatty acids 906:941 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902303 6 63 theme fatty 931:935 arg1 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26868488 2 0 dep Gram-staining-positive 63:84 arg1 non-motile 112:121 non-motile 112:121 non-motile 112:121 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain GY0594T, was isolated from deep seawater of the western Pacific. 26868488 2 0 dep Gram-staining-positive 63:84 arg1 coccoid-shaped 96:109 coccoid-shaped 96:109 coccoid-shaped 96:109 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain GY0594T, was isolated from deep seawater of the western Pacific. 26868488 2 0 dep Gram-staining-positive 63:84 arg1 aerobic 87:93 aerobic 87:93 aerobic 87:93 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain GY0594T, was isolated from deep seawater of the western Pacific. 26868488 13 1 theme type 1539:1542 arg1 strain 1544:1549 The type strain 1535:1549 The type strain 1535:1549 The type strain is GY0594T ( = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T). 26868488 13 1 theme type 1539:1542 arg1 GY0594T 1554:1560 GY0594T 1554:1560 GY0594T ( = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T) 1554:1593 The type strain is GY0594T ( = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T). 26868488 11 2 theme name 1486:1489 arg1 sp 1513:1514 the name Nocardioides rotundus sp 1482:1514 the name Nocardioides rotundus sp 1482:1514 In conclusion, based on the data presented, strain GY0594T should be placed in the genus Nocardioides as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 8 3 theme major 833:837 arg1 iso-C16  865:872 iso-C16  865:872 iso-C16  865:872 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26868488 8 3 theme major 833:837 arg1 acids 854:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26868488 10 4 theme aesculin 1078:1085 arg1 hydrolysis 1087:1096 aesculin hydrolysis 1078:1096 aesculin hydrolysis 1078:1096 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 3 5 theme Phylogenetic 223:234 arg1 analyses 236:243 Phylogenetic analyses 223:243 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 223:276 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 6 6 theme major 639:643 arg1 menaquinone 645:655 The major menaquinone 635:655 The major menaquinone 635:655 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). 26868488 6 6 theme major 639:643 arg1 MK-8 661:664 MK-8 661:664 MK-8(H4) 661:668 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). 26868488 3 7 theme low 350:352 arg1 similarities 377:388 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 350:388 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides 350:439 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 3 7 theme low 350:352 arg1 % 399:399  ≤ 96.0 % 391:399  ≤ 96.0 % 391:399 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 5 8 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 607:627 arg1 acid 629:632 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 607:632 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 607:632 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26868488 5 8 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 607:627 arg1 acid 567:570 The diagnostic diamino acid 544:570 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 544:601 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26868488 1 9 theme deep 46:49 arg1 seawater 51:58 deep seawater 46:58 deep seawater 46:58 nov., isolated from deep seawater. 26868488 8 10 theme fatty 848:852 arg1 iso-C16  865:872 iso-C16  865:872 iso-C16  865:872 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26868488 8 10 theme fatty 848:852 arg1 acids 854:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26868488 3 11 theme 16S 354:356 arg1 similarities 377:388 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 350:388 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides 350:439 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 3 11 theme 16S 354:356 arg1 % 399:399  ≤ 96.0 % 391:399  ≤ 96.0 % 391:399 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 10 12 theme urease 1111:1116 arg1 activity 1099:1106 activity 1099:1106 activity of urease 1099:1116 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 12 theme urease 1111:1116 arg1 trypsin 1140:1146 trypsin 1140:1146 trypsin 1140:1146 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 12 theme urease 1111:1116 arg1 reduction 1067:1075 nitrate reduction 1059:1075 nitrate reduction 1059:1075 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 12 theme urease 1111:1116 arg1 phosphatase 1157:1167 acid phosphatase 1152:1167 acid phosphatase 1152:1167 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 12 theme urease 1111:1116 arg1 hydrolysis 1087:1096 aesculin hydrolysis 1078:1096 aesculin hydrolysis 1078:1096 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 12 theme urease 1111:1116 arg1 arylamidase 1127:1137 cystine arylamidase 1119:1137 cystine arylamidase 1119:1137 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 12 theme urease 1111:1116 arg1 morphology 1047:1056 cell morphology 1042:1056 cell morphology 1042:1056 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 11 13 theme Nocardioides 1491:1502 arg1 sp 1513:1514 the name Nocardioides rotundus sp 1482:1514 the name Nocardioides rotundus sp 1482:1514 In conclusion, based on the data presented, strain GY0594T should be placed in the genus Nocardioides as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 11 14 theme genus 1413:1417 arg1 Nocardioides 1419:1430 the genus Nocardioides 1409:1430 the genus Nocardioides 1409:1430 In conclusion, based on the data presented, strain GY0594T should be placed in the genus Nocardioides as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 8 15 theme cellular 839:846 arg1 iso-C16  865:872 iso-C16  865:872 iso-C16  865:872 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26868488 8 15 theme cellular 839:846 arg1 acids 854:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids 829:858 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26868488 2 16 theme strain 151:156 arg1 GY0594T 158:164 strain GY0594T 151:164 strain GY0594T 151:164 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain GY0594T, was isolated from deep seawater of the western Pacific. 26868488 11 17 dep Nocardioides 1491:1502 arg1 rotundus 1504:1511 rotundus 1504:1511 rotundus 1504:1511 In conclusion, based on the data presented, strain GY0594T should be placed in the genus Nocardioides as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 10 18 dep species 1031:1037 arg1 be 993:994 be 993:994 could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids 987:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 4 19 theme GYP0594T 484:491 arg1 characterization 457:472 Chemotaxonomic characterization 442:472 Chemotaxonomic characterization of strain GYP0594T 442:491 Chemotaxonomic characterization of strain GYP0594T supported the result of the phylogenetic analysis. 26868488 3 20 theme 16S 254:256 arg1 sequences 268:276 16S rRNA gene sequences 254:276 16S rRNA gene sequences 254:276 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 10 21 theme maltose 1207:1213 arg1 species 1031:1037 closely related species 1015:1037 closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase 1015:1167 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 21 theme maltose 1207:1213 arg1 differences 1275:1285 significant differences 1263:1285 significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids 1263:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 21 theme maltose 1207:1213 arg1 assimilation 1170:1181 assimilation 1170:1181 assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate 1170:1256 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 4 22 theme analysis 534:541 arg1 result 507:512 the result 503:512 the result of the phylogenetic analysis 503:541 Chemotaxonomic characterization of strain GYP0594T supported the result of the phylogenetic analysis. 26868488 0 23 theme rotundus 13:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Nocardioides rotundus sp 0:23 Nocardioides rotundus sp. 0:24 Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 4 24 theme strain 477:482 arg1 GYP0594T 484:491 strain GYP0594T 477:491 strain GYP0594T 477:491 Chemotaxonomic characterization of strain GYP0594T supported the result of the phylogenetic analysis. 26868488 13 25 theme  = MCCC 1563:1569 arg1 39638T 1587:1592  = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T 1563:1592  = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T 1563:1592 The type strain is GY0594T ( = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T). 26868488 13 25 theme  = MCCC 1563:1569 arg1 GY0594T 1554:1560 GY0594T 1554:1560 GY0594T ( = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T) 1554:1593 The type strain is GY0594T ( = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T). 26868488 7 26 theme unidentified 801:812 arg1 phospholipids 814:826 six unidentified phospholipids 797:826 six unidentified phospholipids 797:826 The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified lipid and six unidentified phospholipids. 26868488 10 27 theme significant 1263:1273 arg1 differences 1275:1285 significant differences 1263:1285 significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids 1263:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 0 28 theme Nocardioides 0:11 arg1 sp 22:23 Nocardioides rotundus sp 0:23 Nocardioides rotundus sp. 0:24 Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 10 29 theme cell 1042:1045 arg1 morphology 1047:1056 cell morphology 1042:1056 cell morphology 1042:1056 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 5 30 theme cell-wall 579:587 arg1 peptidoglycan 589:601 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 575:601 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 575:601 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26868488 10 31 theme nitrate 1059:1065 arg1 reduction 1067:1075 nitrate reduction 1059:1075 nitrate reduction 1059:1075 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 32 theme fatty 1317:1321 arg1 acids 1323:1327 several fatty acids 1309:1327 several fatty acids 1309:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 3 33 theme rRNA 358:361 arg1 similarities 377:388 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 350:388 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides 350:439 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 3 33 theme rRNA 358:361 arg1 % 399:399  ≤ 96.0 % 391:399  ≤ 96.0 % 391:399 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 10 34 from assimilation 1170:1181 arg1 proportions 1294:1304 the proportions 1290:1304 the proportions of several fatty acids 1290:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 35 theme several 1309:1315 arg1 acids 1323:1327 several fatty acids 1309:1327 several fatty acids 1309:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 2 36 attach isolated 171:178 arg1 seawater 190:197 deep seawater 185:197 deep seawater of the western Pacific 185:220 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain GY0594T, was isolated from deep seawater of the western Pacific. 26868488 2 36 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 actinobacterium 123:137 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium 61:137 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium 61:137 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain GY0594T, was isolated from deep seawater of the western Pacific. 26868488 3 37 theme gene 363:366 arg1 similarities 377:388 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 350:388 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides 350:439 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 3 37 theme gene 363:366 arg1 % 399:399  ≤ 96.0 % 391:399  ≤ 96.0 % 391:399 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 10 38 theme cystine 1119:1125 arg1 arylamidase 1127:1137 cystine arylamidase 1119:1137 cystine arylamidase 1119:1137 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 9 39 theme 71.2 mol 952:959 arg1 content 905:911 The DNA G+C content 893:911 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T 893:929 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T was determined to be 71.2 mol%. 26868488 9 39 theme 71.2 mol 952:959 arg1 % 960:960 71.2 mol% 952:960 71.2 mol% 952:960 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T was determined to be 71.2 mol%. 26868488 3 40 with similarities 377:388 arg1 members 407:413 members 407:413 members of the genus Nocardioides 407:439 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 5 41 from acid 567:570 arg1 peptidoglycan 589:601 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 575:601 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 575:601 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26868488 3 42 theme rRNA 258:261 arg1 sequences 268:276 16S rRNA gene sequences 254:276 16S rRNA gene sequences 254:276 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 10 43 theme phenylacetate 1244:1256 arg1 species 1031:1037 closely related species 1015:1037 closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase 1015:1167 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 43 theme phenylacetate 1244:1256 arg1 differences 1275:1285 significant differences 1263:1285 significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids 1263:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 43 theme phenylacetate 1244:1256 arg1 assimilation 1170:1181 assimilation 1170:1181 assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate 1170:1256 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 44 from differences 1275:1285 arg1 proportions 1294:1304 the proportions 1290:1304 the proportions of several fatty acids 1290:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 11 45 theme novel 1457:1461 arg1 species 1463:1469 a novel species 1455:1469 a novel species 1455:1469 In conclusion, based on the data presented, strain GY0594T should be placed in the genus Nocardioides as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 3 46 theme genus 422:426 arg1 Nocardioides 428:439 the genus Nocardioides 418:439 the genus Nocardioides 418:439 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 11 47 theme species 1463:1469 arg1 representative 1437:1450 a representative 1435:1450 a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp 1435:1514 In conclusion, based on the data presented, strain GY0594T should be placed in the genus Nocardioides as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 11 47 theme species 1463:1469 arg1 GY0594T 1381:1387 strain GY0594T 1374:1387 strain GY0594T 1374:1387 In conclusion, based on the data presented, strain GY0594T should be placed in the genus Nocardioides as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 4 48 theme phylogenetic 521:532 arg1 analysis 534:541 the phylogenetic analysis 517:541 the phylogenetic analysis 517:541 Chemotaxonomic characterization of strain GYP0594T supported the result of the phylogenetic analysis. 26868488 3 49 theme gene 263:266 arg1 sequences 268:276 16S rRNA gene sequences 254:276 16S rRNA gene sequences 254:276 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 4 50 theme Chemotaxonomic 442:455 arg1 characterization 457:472 Chemotaxonomic characterization 442:472 Chemotaxonomic characterization of strain GYP0594T 442:491 Chemotaxonomic characterization of strain GYP0594T supported the result of the phylogenetic analysis. 26868488 10 51 theme strain 972:977 arg1 GY0594T 979:985 strain GY0594T 972:985 strain GY0594T 972:985 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 3 52 theme Nocardioides 428:439 arg1 members 407:413 members 407:413 members of the genus Nocardioides 407:439 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 10 53 theme acid 1152:1155 arg1 phosphatase 1157:1167 acid phosphatase 1152:1167 acid phosphatase 1152:1167 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 9 54 theme G+C 901:903 arg1 content 905:911 The DNA G+C content 893:911 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T 893:929 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T was determined to be 71.2 mol%. 26868488 9 54 theme G+C 901:903 arg1 % 960:960 71.2 mol% 952:960 71.2 mol% 952:960 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T was determined to be 71.2 mol%. 26868488 11 55 theme strain 1374:1379 arg1 representative 1437:1450 a representative 1435:1450 a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp 1435:1514 In conclusion, based on the data presented, strain GY0594T should be placed in the genus Nocardioides as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 11 55 theme strain 1374:1379 arg1 GY0594T 1381:1387 strain GY0594T 1374:1387 strain GY0594T 1374:1387 In conclusion, based on the data presented, strain GY0594T should be placed in the genus Nocardioides as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides rotundus sp. 26868488 2 56 theme Pacific 214:220 arg1 seawater 190:197 deep seawater 185:197 deep seawater of the western Pacific 185:220 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain GY0594T, was isolated from deep seawater of the western Pacific. 26868488 5 57 theme diagnostic 548:557 arg1 acid 629:632 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 607:632 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 607:632 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26868488 5 57 theme diagnostic 548:557 arg1 acid 567:570 The diagnostic diamino acid 544:570 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 544:601 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26868488 9 58 theme DNA 897:899 arg1 content 905:911 The DNA G+C content 893:911 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T 893:929 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T was determined to be 71.2 mol%. 26868488 9 58 theme DNA 897:899 arg1 % 960:960 71.2 mol% 952:960 71.2 mol% 952:960 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T was determined to be 71.2 mol%. 26868488 7 59 theme polar 675:679 arg1 lipids 681:686 The polar lipids 671:686 The polar lipids detected 671:695 The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified lipid and six unidentified phospholipids. 26868488 7 59 theme polar 675:679 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 702:723 diphosphatidylglycerol 702:723 diphosphatidylglycerol 702:723 The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified lipid and six unidentified phospholipids. 26868488 2 60 theme western 206:212 arg1 Pacific 214:220 the western Pacific 202:220 the western Pacific 202:220 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain GY0594T, was isolated from deep seawater of the western Pacific. 26868488 5 61 theme diamino 559:565 arg1 acid 629:632 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 607:632 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 607:632 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26868488 5 61 theme diamino 559:565 arg1 acid 567:570 The diagnostic diamino acid 544:570 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 544:601 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26868488 10 62 theme related 1023:1029 arg1 species 1031:1037 closely related species 1015:1037 closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase 1015:1167 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 63 theme acid 1235:1238 arg1 species 1031:1037 closely related species 1015:1037 closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase 1015:1167 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 63 theme acid 1235:1238 arg1 differences 1275:1285 significant differences 1263:1285 significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids 1263:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 63 theme acid 1235:1238 arg1 assimilation 1170:1181 assimilation 1170:1181 assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate 1170:1256 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 2 64 theme Gram-staining-positive 63:84 arg1 actinobacterium 123:137 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium 61:137 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium 61:137 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain GY0594T, was isolated from deep seawater of the western Pacific. 26868488 8 65 dep  0 874:875 arg1  1ω9c 886:890  1ω9c 886:890 iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c 865:890 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26868488 10 66 theme malic 1229:1233 arg1 acid 1235:1238 malic acid 1229:1238 malic acid 1229:1238 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 67 theme N-acetylglucosamine 1186:1204 arg1 species 1031:1037 closely related species 1015:1037 closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase 1015:1167 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 67 theme N-acetylglucosamine 1186:1204 arg1 differences 1275:1285 significant differences 1263:1285 significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids 1263:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 67 theme N-acetylglucosamine 1186:1204 arg1 assimilation 1170:1181 assimilation 1170:1181 assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate 1170:1256 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 9 68 theme strain 916:921 arg1 GY0594T 923:929 strain GY0594T 916:929 strain GY0594T 916:929 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T was determined to be 71.2 mol%. 26868488 10 69 from species 1031:1037 arg1 proportions 1294:1304 the proportions 1290:1304 the proportions of several fatty acids 1290:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 13 70 theme 1A10561T = KCTC 1571:1585 arg1 39638T 1587:1592  = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T 1563:1592  = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T 1563:1592 The type strain is GY0594T ( = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T). 26868488 13 70 theme 1A10561T = KCTC 1571:1585 arg1 GY0594T 1554:1560 GY0594T 1554:1560 GY0594T ( = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T) 1554:1593 The type strain is GY0594T ( = MCCC 1A10561T = KCTC 39638T). 26868488 10 71 theme adipic 1216:1221 arg1 acid 1223:1226 adipic acid 1216:1226 adipic acid 1216:1226 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 72 theme acids 1323:1327 arg1 proportions 1294:1304 the proportions 1290:1304 the proportions of several fatty acids 1290:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 9 73 theme GY0594T 923:929 arg1 content 905:911 The DNA G+C content 893:911 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T 893:929 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T was determined to be 71.2 mol%. 26868488 9 73 theme GY0594T 923:929 arg1 % 960:960 71.2 mol% 952:960 71.2 mol% 952:960 The DNA G+C content of strain GY0594T was determined to be 71.2 mol%. 26868488 2 74 theme deep 185:188 arg1 seawater 190:197 deep seawater 185:197 deep seawater of the western Pacific 185:220 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain GY0594T, was isolated from deep seawater of the western Pacific. 26868488 8 75 dep iso-C16  865:872 arg1 C18  881:884 C18  881:884 C18  881:884 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26868488 8 75 dep iso-C16  865:872 arg1  0 874:875  0 874:875  0 874:875 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26868488 10 76 theme acid 1223:1226 arg1 species 1031:1037 closely related species 1015:1037 closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase 1015:1167 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 76 theme acid 1223:1226 arg1 differences 1275:1285 significant differences 1263:1285 significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids 1263:1327 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 10 76 theme acid 1223:1226 arg1 assimilation 1170:1181 assimilation 1170:1181 assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate 1170:1256 However, strain GY0594T could be distinguished from closely related species by cell morphology, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, activity of urease, cystine arylamidase, trypsin and acid phosphatase, assimilation of N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, adipic acid, malic acid and phenylacetate, and significant differences in the proportions of several fatty acids. 26868488 3 77 theme genus 326:330 arg1 Nocardioides 332:343 the genus Nocardioides 322:343 the genus Nocardioides 322:343 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 3 78 theme sequence 368:375 arg1 similarities 377:388 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 350:388 low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides 350:439 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 3 78 theme sequence 368:375 arg1 % 399:399  ≤ 96.0 % 391:399  ≤ 96.0 % 391:399 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Nocardioides with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( ≤ 96.0 %) with members of the genus Nocardioides. 26868488 7 79 theme unidentified 774:785 arg1 lipid 787:791 one unidentified lipid 770:791 one unidentified lipid 770:791 The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified lipid and six unidentified phospholipids. 26252418 0 0 theme broad 57:61 arg1 beans 63:67 broad beans 57:67 broad beans (Vicia faba) 57:80 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 0 0 theme broad 57:61 arg1 faba 76:79 Vicia faba 70:79 Vicia faba 70:79 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 1 1 theme compounds 248:256 arg1 range 239:243 a wide range 232:243 a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome 232:343 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 0 2 theme metabolomic 135:145 arg1 output 147:152 metabolomic output 135:152 metabolomic output 135:152 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 3 3 from changes 675:681 arg1 lactate 659:665 lactate 659:665 lactate 659:665 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 3 from changes 675:681 arg1 generation 610:619 generation 610:619 generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 610:653 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 3 from changes 675:681 arg1 populations 708:718 the dynamic bacterial populations 686:718 the dynamic bacterial populations 686:718 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 3 from changes 675:681 arg1 pH 606:607 pH 606:607 pH 606:607 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 4 theme dynamic 690:696 arg1 populations 708:718 the dynamic bacterial populations 686:718 the dynamic bacterial populations 686:718 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 4 5 theme lupin 825:829 arg1 seeds 831:835 lupin seeds 825:835 lupin seeds 825:835 The total SCFA at the end of fermentation was 81.52 mM for lupin seeds and 78.41 mM for broad beans accompanied by a decrease of the pH for both legumes. 26252418 3 6 theme bacterial 698:706 arg1 populations 708:718 the dynamic bacterial populations 686:718 the dynamic bacterial populations 686:718 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 1 7 from range 239:243 arg1 rich 224:227 rich 224:227 rich 224:227 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 2 8 dep in 366:367 arg1 vitro 369:373 vitro 369:373 vitro 369:373 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 2 9 theme intestinal 489:498 arg1 composition 511:521 the intestinal microbiota composition 485:521 the intestinal microbiota composition 485:521 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 2 10 theme carbon 414:419 arg1 sources 421:427 carbon sources 414:427 carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures 414:455 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 2 10 theme carbon 414:419 arg1 samples 393:399 legume samples 386:399 legume samples 386:399 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 4 11 theme total 770:774 arg1 mM 818:819 81.52 mM 812:819 81.52 mM for lupin seeds 812:835 The total SCFA at the end of fermentation was 81.52 mM for lupin seeds and 78.41 mM for broad beans accompanied by a decrease of the pH for both legumes. 26252418 4 11 theme total 770:774 arg1 SCFA 776:779 The total SCFA 766:779 The total SCFA at the end of fermentation 766:806 The total SCFA at the end of fermentation was 81.52 mM for lupin seeds and 78.41 mM for broad beans accompanied by a decrease of the pH for both legumes. 26252418 6 12 theme novel 1288:1292 arg1 foods 1305:1309 novel functional foods 1288:1309 novel functional foods 1288:1309 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 6 13 theme foods 1305:1309 arg1 development 1273:1283 the development 1269:1283 the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion 1269:1381 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 0 14 theme beans 63:67 arg1 fermentation 9:20 In vitro fermentation 0:20 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 0:153 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 0 15 theme output 147:152 arg1 modulation 91:100 dynamic modulation 83:100 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 0:153 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 2 16 theme metabolic 536:544 arg1 products 546:553 their metabolic products 530:553 their metabolic products 530:553 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 3 17 dep in 736:737 arg1 situ 739:742 situ 739:742 situ 739:742 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 0 18 theme Vicia 70:74 arg1 beans 63:67 broad beans 57:67 broad beans (Vicia faba) 57:80 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 0 18 theme Vicia 70:74 arg1 faba 76:79 Vicia faba 70:79 Vicia faba 70:79 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 5 19 theme microbial 924:932 arg1 groups 934:939 The microbial groups 920:939 The microbial groups that increased significantly (P < 0.05) 920:979 The microbial groups that increased significantly (P < 0.05) were Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus-Enterococcus, Atopobium, Bacteroides-Pretovella, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis. 26252418 5 19 theme microbial 924:932 arg1 spp. 1002:1005 Bifidobacterium spp. 986:1005 Bifidobacterium spp. 986:1005 The microbial groups that increased significantly (P < 0.05) were Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus-Enterococcus, Atopobium, Bacteroides-Pretovella, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis. 26252418 1 20 from rich 224:227 arg1 range 239:243 a wide range 232:243 a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome 232:343 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 4 21 theme broad 854:858 arg1 beans 860:864 broad beans 854:864 broad beans accompanied by a decrease of the pH for both legumes 854:917 The total SCFA at the end of fermentation was 81.52 mM for lupin seeds and 78.41 mM for broad beans accompanied by a decrease of the pH for both legumes. 26252418 2 22 theme in 366:367 arg1 digestion 375:383 in vitro digestion 366:383 in vitro digestion 366:383 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 1 23 theme useful 281:286 arg1 approach 296:303 a useful dietary approach 279:303 a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome 279:343 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 0 24 theme In 0:1 arg1 fermentation 9:20 In vitro fermentation 0:20 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 0:153 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 3 25 theme fatty 636:640 arg1 SCFA 649:652 SCFA 649:652 SCFA 649:652 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 25 theme fatty 636:640 arg1 acids 642:646 short chain fatty acids 624:646 short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 624:653 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 2 26 theme microbiota 500:509 arg1 composition 511:521 the intestinal microbiota composition 485:521 the intestinal microbiota composition 485:521 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 6 27 theme functional 1294:1303 arg1 foods 1305:1309 novel functional foods 1288:1309 novel functional foods 1288:1309 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 2 28 from impact 475:480 arg1 products 546:553 their metabolic products 530:553 their metabolic products 530:553 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 2 28 from impact 475:480 arg1 composition 511:521 the intestinal microbiota composition 485:521 the intestinal microbiota composition 485:521 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 2 29 theme batch 442:446 arg1 cultures 448:455 anaerobic batch cultures 432:455 anaerobic batch cultures 432:455 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 6 30 theme lupin 1226:1230 arg1 seeds 1232:1236 lupin seeds 1226:1236 lupin seeds 1226:1236 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 1 31 theme Broad 155:159 arg1 legumes 216:222 legumes 216:222 legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome 216:343 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 1 31 theme Broad 155:159 arg1 beans 161:165 Broad beans 155:165 Broad beans (Vicia faba) 155:178 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 1 31 theme Broad 155:159 arg1 faba 174:177 Vicia faba 168:177 Vicia faba 168:177 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 1 31 theme Broad 155:159 arg1 seeds 190:194 lupin seeds 184:194 lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) 184:210 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 6 32 used used 1261:1264 arg2 beans 1248:1252 broad beans 1242:1252 broad beans 1242:1252 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 6 32 used used 1261:1264 arg2 seeds 1232:1236 lupin seeds 1226:1236 lupin seeds 1226:1236 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 3 33 theme short 624:628 arg1 SCFA 649:652 SCFA 649:652 SCFA 649:652 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 33 theme short 624:628 arg1 acids 642:646 short chain fatty acids 624:646 short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 624:653 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 2 34 theme anaerobic 432:440 arg1 cultures 448:455 anaerobic batch cultures 432:455 anaerobic batch cultures 432:455 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 1 35 theme dietary 288:294 arg1 approach 296:303 a useful dietary approach 279:303 a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome 279:343 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 6 36 theme health 1366:1371 arg1 promotion 1373:1381 human health promotion 1360:1381 human health promotion 1360:1381 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 6 37 from impact 1176:1181 arg1 microbiota 1201:1210 the intestinal microbiota 1186:1210 the intestinal microbiota 1186:1210 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 0 38 theme seeds 31:35 arg1 fermentation 9:20 In vitro fermentation 0:20 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 0:153 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 1 39 theme rich 224:227 arg1 legumes 216:222 legumes 216:222 legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome 216:343 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 1 39 theme rich 224:227 arg1 beans 161:165 Broad beans 155:165 Broad beans (Vicia faba) 155:178 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 1 39 theme rich 224:227 arg1 seeds 190:194 lupin seeds 184:194 lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) 184:210 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 2 40 used used 406:409 arg2 sources 421:427 carbon sources 414:427 carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures 414:455 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 2 40 used used 406:409 arg2 samples 393:399 legume samples 386:399 legume samples 386:399 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 6 41 theme human 1360:1364 arg1 promotion 1373:1381 human health promotion 1360:1381 human health promotion 1360:1381 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 0 42 theme lupin 25:29 arg1 seeds 31:35 lupin seeds 25:35 lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) 25:51 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 5 43 theme P 971:971 arg1 < 973:973 P < 0.05 971:978 P < 0.05 971:978 The microbial groups that increased significantly (P < 0.05) were Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus-Enterococcus, Atopobium, Bacteroides-Pretovella, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis. 26252418 0 44 theme dynamic 83:89 arg1 modulation 91:100 dynamic modulation 83:100 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 0:153 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 1 45 theme Vicia 168:172 arg1 beans 161:165 Broad beans 155:165 Broad beans (Vicia faba) 155:178 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 1 45 theme Vicia 168:172 arg1 faba 174:177 Vicia faba 168:177 Vicia faba 168:177 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 3 46 from decrease 594:601 arg1 lactate 659:665 lactate 659:665 lactate 659:665 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 46 from decrease 594:601 arg1 generation 610:619 generation 610:619 generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 610:653 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 46 from decrease 594:601 arg1 populations 708:718 the dynamic bacterial populations 686:718 the dynamic bacterial populations 686:718 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 46 from decrease 594:601 arg1 pH 606:607 pH 606:607 pH 606:607 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 4 47 theme fermentation 795:806 arg1 end 788:790 the end 784:790 the end of fermentation 784:806 The total SCFA at the end of fermentation was 81.52 mM for lupin seeds and 78.41 mM for broad beans accompanied by a decrease of the pH for both legumes. 26252418 6 48 theme broad 1242:1246 arg1 beans 1248:1252 broad beans 1242:1252 broad beans 1242:1252 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 3 49 theme acids 642:646 arg1 lactate 659:665 lactate 659:665 lactate 659:665 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 49 theme acids 642:646 arg1 generation 610:619 generation 610:619 generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 610:653 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 49 theme acids 642:646 arg1 pH 606:607 pH 606:607 pH 606:607 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 0 50 dep seeds 31:35 arg1 albus 46:50 Lupinus albus 38:50 Lupinus albus 38:50 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 1 51 dep seeds 190:194 arg1 albus 205:209 Lupinus albus 197:209 Lupinus albus 197:209 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 0 52 dep microbiota 120:129 arg1 the 105:107 the 105:107 the 105:107 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 6 53 theme intestinal 1190:1199 arg1 microbiota 1201:1210 the intestinal microbiota 1186:1210 the intestinal microbiota 1186:1210 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 1 54 theme wide 234:237 arg1 range 239:243 a wide range 232:243 a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome 232:343 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 5 55 dep increased 946:954 arg1 < 973:973 P < 0.05 971:978 P < 0.05 971:978 The microbial groups that increased significantly (P < 0.05) were Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus-Enterococcus, Atopobium, Bacteroides-Pretovella, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis. 26252418 3 56 theme fluorescence 723:734 arg1 hybridization 744:756 fluorescence in situ hybridization 723:756 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) 723:763 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 56 theme fluorescence 723:734 arg1 FISH 759:762 FISH 759:762 FISH 759:762 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 0 57 theme microbiota 120:129 arg1 modulation 91:100 dynamic modulation 83:100 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 0:153 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 1 58 theme human 324:328 arg1 microbiome 334:343 the human gut microbiome 320:343 the human gut microbiome 320:343 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 3 59 theme chain 630:634 arg1 SCFA 649:652 SCFA 649:652 SCFA 649:652 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 59 theme chain 630:634 arg1 acids 642:646 short chain fatty acids 624:646 short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 624:653 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 60 theme in 736:737 arg1 hybridization 744:756 fluorescence in situ hybridization 723:756 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) 723:763 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 3 60 theme in 736:737 arg1 FISH 759:762 FISH 759:762 FISH 759:762 The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 26252418 0 61 theme intestinal 109:118 arg1 microbiota 120:129 intestinal microbiota 109:129 intestinal microbiota 109:129 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 1 62 theme gut 330:332 arg1 microbiome 334:343 the human gut microbiome 320:343 the human gut microbiome 320:343 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 0 63 dep fermentation 9:20 arg1 modulation 91:100 dynamic modulation 83:100 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 0:153 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 4 64 from end 788:790 arg1 mM 818:819 81.52 mM 812:819 81.52 mM for lupin seeds 812:835 The total SCFA at the end of fermentation was 81.52 mM for lupin seeds and 78.41 mM for broad beans accompanied by a decrease of the pH for both legumes. 26252418 4 64 from end 788:790 arg1 SCFA 776:779 The total SCFA 766:779 The total SCFA at the end of fermentation 766:806 The total SCFA at the end of fermentation was 81.52 mM for lupin seeds and 78.41 mM for broad beans accompanied by a decrease of the pH for both legumes. 26252418 6 65 theme dietary 1337:1343 arg1 strategies 1345:1354 dietary strategies 1337:1354 dietary strategies for human health promotion 1337:1381 This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion. 26252418 2 66 from sources 421:427 arg1 cultures 448:455 anaerobic batch cultures 432:455 anaerobic batch cultures 432:455 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 4 67 theme pH 899:900 arg1 decrease 883:890 a decrease 881:890 a decrease of the pH for both legumes 881:917 The total SCFA at the end of fermentation was 81.52 mM for lupin seeds and 78.41 mM for broad beans accompanied by a decrease of the pH for both legumes. 26252418 2 68 theme legume 386:391 arg1 sources 421:427 carbon sources 414:427 carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures 414:455 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 2 68 theme legume 386:391 arg1 samples 393:399 legume samples 386:399 legume samples 386:399 In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. 26252418 0 69 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. 26252418 1 70 theme lupin 184:188 arg1 legumes 216:222 legumes 216:222 legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome 216:343 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 1 70 theme lupin 184:188 arg1 beans 161:165 Broad beans 155:165 Broad beans (Vicia faba) 155:178 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 26252418 1 70 theme lupin 184:188 arg1 seeds 190:194 lupin seeds 184:194 lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) 184:210 Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. 25232013 11 0 theme Arabidopsis 1910:1920 arg1 seeds 1922:1926 Arabidopsis seeds 1910:1926 Arabidopsis seeds 1910:1926 Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior. 25232013 3 1 dep acids 695:699 arg1 acids 695:699 stress-related amino acids 674:699 stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline) 674:742 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 1 dep acids 695:699 arg1 valine 723:728 valine 723:728 valine 723:728 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 1 dep acids 695:699 arg1 proline 735:741 proline 735:741 proline 735:741 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 1 dep acids 695:699 arg1 leucine 714:720 leucine 714:720 leucine 714:720 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 1 dep acids 695:699 arg1 isoleucine 702:711 isoleucine 702:711 isoleucine 702:711 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 9 2 theme ethylene 1688:1695 arg1 substrate 1697:1705 ethylene substrate 1688:1705 ethylene substrate 1688:1705 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 6 3 theme defense 1173:1179 arg1 mechanisms 1181:1190 defense mechanisms 1173:1190 defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions 1173:1229 In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. 25232013 9 4 contain had 1604:1606 arg2 rates 1627:1631 higher germination rates 1608:1631 higher germination rates 1608:1631 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 9 4 contain had 1604:1606 arg1 seeds 1598:1602 the transgenic seeds 1583:1602 the transgenic seeds 1583:1602 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 6 5 theme signaling 1264:1272 arg1 cascades 1274:1281 the signaling cascades 1260:1281 the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid 1260:1311 In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. 25232013 1 6 theme novel 210:214 arg1 interactions 246:257 novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions 210:257 novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds 210:310 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 9 7 theme acid 1720:1723 arg1 presence 1676:1683 the presence 1672:1683 the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid 1672:1723 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 2 8 theme many 582:585 arg1 acids 599:603 many other amino acids 582:603 many other amino acids 582:603 Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that, in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. 25232013 11 9 theme seed 1986:1989 arg1 composition 1991:2001 seed composition 1986:2001 seed composition 1986:2001 Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior. 25232013 10 10 theme germination 1805:1815 arg1 rates 1817:1821 much lower germination rates 1794:1821 much lower germination rates 1794:1821 However, under oxidative conditions, the transgenic seeds displayed much lower germination rates. 25232013 4 11 theme mitochondrial 925:937 arg1 metabolism 946:955 an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism 914:955 an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism 914:955 These changes reflect stress responses and an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism. 25232013 3 12 theme tricarboxylic 774:786 arg1 cycle 793:797 the tricarboxylic acid cycle 770:797 the tricarboxylic acid cycle 770:797 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 1 13 theme key 452:454 arg1 enzyme 456:461 a key enzyme 450:461 a key enzyme of Met synthesis 450:478 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 1 13 theme key 452:454 arg1 CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE 424:447 CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE 424:447 CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE 424:447 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 11 14 theme new 1853:1855 arg1 insights 1857:1864 new insights 1853:1864 new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior 1853:2014 Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior. 25232013 5 15 theme lower 1037:1041 arg1 contents 1049:1056 lower water contents 1037:1056 lower water contents 1037:1056 The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. 25232013 1 16 theme Met 466:468 arg1 synthesis 470:478 Met synthesis 466:478 Met synthesis 466:478 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 3 17 theme cysteine 844:851 arg1 changes 640:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 17 theme cysteine 844:851 arg1 levels 825:830 lower levels 819:830 lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione 819:868 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 17 theme cysteine 844:851 arg1 levels 664:669 the higher levels 653:669 the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines 653:813 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 2 18 theme amino 593:597 arg1 acids 599:603 many other amino acids 582:603 many other amino acids 582:603 Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that, in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. 25232013 8 19 theme tricarboxylic 1481:1493 arg1 cycle 1500:1504 tricarboxylic acid cycle 1481:1504 tricarboxylic acid cycle 1481:1504 The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. 25232013 6 20 theme acid 1308:1311 arg1 cascades 1274:1281 the signaling cascades 1260:1281 the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid 1260:1311 In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. 25232013 1 21 theme synthesis 470:478 arg1 enzyme 456:461 a key enzyme 450:461 a key enzyme of Met synthesis 450:478 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 1 21 theme synthesis 470:478 arg1 CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE 424:447 CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE 424:447 CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE 424:447 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 3 22 theme polyols 835:841 arg1 changes 640:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 22 theme polyols 835:841 arg1 levels 825:830 lower levels 819:830 lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione 819:868 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 22 theme polyols 835:841 arg1 levels 664:669 the higher levels 653:669 the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines 653:813 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 2 23 theme higher 546:551 arg1 levels 553:558 higher levels 546:558 higher levels of Met 546:565 Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that, in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. 25232013 8 24 theme cycle 1500:1504 arg1 metabolites 1506:1516 Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites 1464:1516 Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites 1464:1516 The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. 25232013 3 25 theme cycle 793:797 arg1 polyamines 804:813 polyamines 804:813 polyamines 804:813 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 25 theme cycle 793:797 arg1 proline 735:741 proline 735:741 proline 735:741 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 25 theme cycle 793:797 arg1 leucine 714:720 leucine 714:720 leucine 714:720 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 25 theme cycle 793:797 arg1 valine 723:728 valine 723:728 valine 723:728 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 25 theme cycle 793:797 arg1 sugars 745:750 sugars 745:750 sugars 745:750 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 25 theme cycle 793:797 arg1 acids 695:699 stress-related amino acids 674:699 stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline) 674:742 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 25 theme cycle 793:797 arg1 intermediates 753:765 intermediates 753:765 intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle 753:797 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 25 theme cycle 793:797 arg1 isoleucine 702:711 isoleucine 702:711 isoleucine 702:711 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 9 26 theme Germination 1552:1562 arg1 assays 1564:1569 Germination assays 1552:1569 Germination assays 1552:1569 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 2 27 theme other 587:591 arg1 acids 599:603 many other amino acids 582:603 many other amino acids 582:603 Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that, in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. 25232013 1 28 theme feedback-insensitive 395:414 arg1 form 416:419 a feedback-insensitive form 393:419 a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis 393:478 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 7 29 theme desiccation 1348:1358 arg1 processes 1360:1368 stronger desiccation processes 1339:1368 stronger desiccation processes 1339:1368 These changes imply that stronger desiccation processes occur during seed development. 25232013 0 30 theme Seed-specific 0:12 arg1 expression 14:23 Seed-specific expression 0:23 Seed-specific expression of a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis 0:97 Seed-specific expression of a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis stimulates metabolic and transcriptomic responses associated with desiccation stress. 25232013 9 31 theme higher 1608:1613 arg1 rates 1627:1631 higher germination rates 1608:1631 higher germination rates 1608:1631 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 8 32 theme expression 1405:1414 arg1 levels 1416:1421 The expression levels 1401:1421 The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites 1401:1516 The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. 25232013 11 33 theme Met 1968:1970 arg1 levels 1972:1977 elevated Met levels 1959:1977 elevated Met levels 1959:1977 Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior. 25232013 3 34 theme stress-related 674:687 arg1 acids 695:699 stress-related amino acids 674:699 stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline) 674:742 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 34 theme stress-related 674:687 arg1 valine 723:728 valine 723:728 valine 723:728 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 34 theme stress-related 674:687 arg1 proline 735:741 proline 735:741 proline 735:741 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 34 theme stress-related 674:687 arg1 leucine 714:720 leucine 714:720 leucine 714:720 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 34 theme stress-related 674:687 arg1 isoleucine 702:711 isoleucine 702:711 isoleucine 702:711 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 0 35 theme feedback-insensitive 30:49 arg1 form 51:54 a feedback-insensitive form 28:54 a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE 28:82 Seed-specific expression of a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis stimulates metabolic and transcriptomic responses associated with desiccation stress. 25232013 1 36 theme Arabidopsis 341:351 arg1 seeds 376:380 transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds 330:380 transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis 330:478 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 10 37 theme oxidative 1741:1749 arg1 conditions 1751:1760 oxidative conditions 1741:1760 oxidative conditions 1741:1760 However, under oxidative conditions, the transgenic seeds displayed much lower germination rates. 25232013 1 38 theme Arabidopsis 354:364 arg1 seeds 376:380 transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds 330:380 transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis 330:478 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 9 39 theme osmotic 1648:1654 arg1 stresses 1656:1663 osmotic stresses 1648:1663 osmotic stresses 1648:1663 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 1 40 theme methionine 275:284 arg1 metabolism 292:301 methionine (Met) metabolism 275:301 methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds 275:310 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 3 41 theme acids 695:699 arg1 changes 640:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 41 theme acids 695:699 arg1 levels 825:830 lower levels 819:830 lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione 819:868 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 41 theme acids 695:699 arg1 levels 664:669 the higher levels 653:669 the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines 653:813 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 8 42 theme Met 1464:1466 arg1 metabolites 1506:1516 Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites 1464:1516 Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites 1464:1516 The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. 25232013 10 43 theme transgenic 1767:1776 arg1 seeds 1778:1782 the transgenic seeds 1763:1782 the transgenic seeds 1763:1782 However, under oxidative conditions, the transgenic seeds displayed much lower germination rates. 25232013 1 44 theme Met 287:289 arg1 metabolism 292:301 methionine (Met) metabolism 275:301 methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds 275:310 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 5 45 theme total 1007:1011 arg1 proteins 1013:1020 total proteins 1007:1020 total proteins 1007:1020 The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. 25232013 6 46 theme abscisic 1299:1306 arg1 acid 1308:1311 abscisic acid 1299:1311 abscisic acid 1299:1311 In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. 25232013 11 47 from insights 1857:1864 arg1 mechanisms 1939:1948 the mechanisms 1935:1948 the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior 1935:2014 Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior. 25232013 11 47 from insights 1857:1864 arg1 factors 1873:1879 the factors 1869:1879 the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds 1869:1926 Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior. 25232013 6 48 theme metabolic 1082:1090 arg1 profiles 1092:1099 the metabolic profiles 1078:1099 the metabolic profiles 1078:1099 In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. 25232013 6 49 theme ethylene 1286:1293 arg1 cascades 1274:1281 the signaling cascades 1260:1281 the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid 1260:1311 In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. 25232013 10 50 theme lower 1799:1803 arg1 rates 1817:1821 much lower germination rates 1794:1821 much lower germination rates 1794:1821 However, under oxidative conditions, the transgenic seeds displayed much lower germination rates. 25232013 9 51 theme substrate 1697:1705 arg1 presence 1676:1683 the presence 1672:1683 the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid 1672:1723 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 5 52 contain had 984:986 arg1 seeds 973:977 The transgenic seeds 958:977 The transgenic seeds 958:977 The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. 25232013 5 52 contain had 984:986 arg2 contents 995:1002 higher contents 988:1002 higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents 988:1056 The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. 25232013 11 53 theme Met 1892:1894 arg1 metabolism 1896:1905 Met metabolism 1892:1905 Met metabolism 1892:1905 Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior. 25232013 9 54 theme abscisic 1711:1718 arg1 acid 1720:1723 abscisic acid 1711:1723 abscisic acid 1711:1723 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 1 55 theme metabolic 216:224 arg1 interactions 246:257 novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions 210:257 novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds 210:310 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 6 56 theme genes 1155:1159 arg1 induction 1142:1150 a strong induction 1133:1150 a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid 1133:1311 In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. 25232013 3 57 theme intermediates 753:765 arg1 changes 640:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 57 theme intermediates 753:765 arg1 levels 825:830 lower levels 819:830 lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione 819:868 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 57 theme intermediates 753:765 arg1 levels 664:669 the higher levels 653:669 the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines 653:813 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 0 58 theme desiccation 165:175 arg1 stress 177:182 desiccation stress 165:182 desiccation stress 165:182 Seed-specific expression of a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis stimulates metabolic and transcriptomic responses associated with desiccation stress. 25232013 1 59 theme transcriptional 230:244 arg1 interactions 246:257 novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions 210:257 novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds 210:310 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 8 60 theme sugars 1469:1474 arg1 metabolites 1506:1516 Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites 1464:1516 Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites 1464:1516 The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. 25232013 3 61 theme sugars 745:750 arg1 changes 640:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 61 theme sugars 745:750 arg1 levels 825:830 lower levels 819:830 lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione 819:868 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 61 theme sugars 745:750 arg1 levels 664:669 the higher levels 653:669 the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines 653:813 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 1 62 from metabolism 292:301 arg1 seeds 306:310 seeds 306:310 seeds 306:310 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 4 63 theme altered 917:923 arg1 metabolism 946:955 an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism 914:955 an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism 914:955 These changes reflect stress responses and an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism. 25232013 3 64 theme acid 788:791 arg1 cycle 793:797 the tricarboxylic acid cycle 770:797 the tricarboxylic acid cycle 770:797 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 2 65 theme acids 599:603 arg1 levels 572:577 the levels 568:577 the levels of many other amino acids 568:603 Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that, in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. 25232013 8 66 theme acid 1495:1498 arg1 cycle 1500:1504 tricarboxylic acid cycle 1481:1504 tricarboxylic acid cycle 1481:1504 The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. 25232013 6 67 dep osmotic 1200:1206 arg1 conditions 1220:1229 conditions 1220:1229 conditions 1220:1229 In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. 25232013 5 68 theme water 1043:1047 arg1 contents 1049:1056 lower water contents 1037:1056 lower water contents 1037:1056 The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. 25232013 4 69 theme stress 893:898 arg1 responses 900:908 stress responses 893:908 stress responses 893:908 These changes reflect stress responses and an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism. 25232013 8 70 theme metabolites 1506:1516 arg1 levels 1454:1459 the levels 1450:1459 the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites 1450:1516 The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. 25232013 7 71 theme seed 1383:1386 arg1 development 1388:1398 seed development 1383:1398 seed development 1383:1398 These changes imply that stronger desiccation processes occur during seed development. 25232013 3 72 theme polyamines 804:813 arg1 changes 640:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 72 theme polyamines 804:813 arg1 levels 825:830 lower levels 819:830 lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione 819:868 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 72 theme polyamines 804:813 arg1 levels 664:669 the higher levels 653:669 the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines 653:813 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 73 theme pronounced 629:638 arg1 changes 640:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 73 theme pronounced 629:638 arg1 levels 664:669 the higher levels 653:669 the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines 653:813 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 4 74 theme energy 939:944 arg1 metabolism 946:955 an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism 914:955 an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism 914:955 These changes reflect stress responses and an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism. 25232013 0 75 theme metabolic 110:118 arg1 responses 139:147 metabolic and transcriptomic responses 110:147 metabolic and transcriptomic responses associated with desiccation stress 110:182 Seed-specific expression of a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis stimulates metabolic and transcriptomic responses associated with desiccation stress. 25232013 0 76 from expression 14:23 arg1 Arabidopsis 87:97 Arabidopsis 87:97 Arabidopsis 87:97 Seed-specific expression of a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis stimulates metabolic and transcriptomic responses associated with desiccation stress. 25232013 0 77 theme transcriptomic 124:137 arg1 responses 139:147 metabolic and transcriptomic responses 110:147 metabolic and transcriptomic responses associated with desiccation stress 110:182 Seed-specific expression of a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis stimulates metabolic and transcriptomic responses associated with desiccation stress. 25232013 5 78 theme transgenic 962:971 arg1 seeds 973:977 The transgenic seeds 958:977 The transgenic seeds 958:977 The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. 25232013 3 79 theme glutathione 858:868 arg1 changes 640:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 79 theme glutathione 858:868 arg1 levels 825:830 lower levels 819:830 lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione 819:868 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 79 theme glutathione 858:868 arg1 levels 664:669 the higher levels 653:669 the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines 653:813 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 2 80 theme Met 563:565 arg1 levels 553:558 higher levels 546:558 higher levels of Met 546:565 Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that, in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. 25232013 3 81 theme lower 819:823 arg1 levels 825:830 lower levels 819:830 lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione 819:868 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 9 82 theme transgenic 1587:1596 arg1 seeds 1598:1602 the transgenic seeds 1583:1602 the transgenic seeds 1583:1602 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 7 83 theme stronger 1339:1346 arg1 processes 1360:1368 stronger desiccation processes 1339:1368 stronger desiccation processes 1339:1368 These changes imply that stronger desiccation processes occur during seed development. 25232013 1 84 theme CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE 424:447 arg1 form 416:419 a feedback-insensitive form 393:419 a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis 393:478 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 9 85 theme germination 1615:1625 arg1 rates 1627:1631 higher germination rates 1608:1631 higher germination rates 1608:1631 Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. 25232013 2 86 theme Metabolic 481:489 arg1 profiling 491:499 Metabolic profiling 481:499 Metabolic profiling of these seeds 481:514 Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that, in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. 25232013 0 87 theme form 51:54 arg1 expression 14:23 Seed-specific expression 0:23 Seed-specific expression of a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis 0:97 Seed-specific expression of a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis stimulates metabolic and transcriptomic responses associated with desiccation stress. 25232013 1 88 theme transgenic 330:339 arg1 seeds 376:380 transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds 330:380 transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis 330:478 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 5 89 theme proteins 1013:1020 arg1 contents 995:1002 higher contents 988:1002 higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents 988:1056 The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. 25232013 3 90 theme higher 657:662 arg1 changes 640:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes 620:646 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 90 theme higher 657:662 arg1 levels 664:669 the higher levels 653:669 the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines 653:813 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 11 91 theme elevated 1959:1966 arg1 levels 1972:1977 elevated Met levels 1959:1977 elevated Met levels 1959:1977 Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior. 25232013 0 92 theme CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE 59:82 arg1 form 51:54 a feedback-insensitive form 28:54 a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE 28:82 Seed-specific expression of a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis stimulates metabolic and transcriptomic responses associated with desiccation stress. 25232013 5 93 theme starch 1026:1031 arg1 contents 995:1002 higher contents 988:1002 higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents 988:1056 The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. 25232013 6 94 theme strong 1135:1140 arg1 induction 1142:1150 a strong induction 1133:1150 a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid 1133:1311 In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. 25232013 2 95 theme seeds 510:514 arg1 profiling 491:499 Metabolic profiling 481:499 Metabolic profiling of these seeds 481:514 Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that, in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. 25232013 8 96 theme transcripts 1426:1436 arg1 levels 1416:1421 The expression levels 1401:1421 The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites 1401:1516 The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. 25232013 1 97 theme thaliana 366:373 arg1 seeds 376:380 transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds 330:380 transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis 330:478 With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. 25232013 5 98 theme higher 988:993 arg1 contents 995:1002 higher contents 988:1002 higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents 988:1056 The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. 25232013 3 99 theme amino 689:693 arg1 acids 695:699 stress-related amino acids 674:699 stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline) 674:742 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 99 theme amino 689:693 arg1 valine 723:728 valine 723:728 valine 723:728 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 99 theme amino 689:693 arg1 proline 735:741 proline 735:741 proline 735:741 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 99 theme amino 689:693 arg1 leucine 714:720 leucine 714:720 leucine 714:720 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 3 99 theme amino 689:693 arg1 isoleucine 702:711 isoleucine 702:711 isoleucine 702:711 The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. 25232013 6 100 theme microarray 1102:1111 arg1 analysis 1113:1120 microarray analysis 1102:1120 microarray analysis 1102:1120 In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. 26745269 4 0 theme male 822:825 arg1 mice 841:844 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice 799:844 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice 799:844 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 7 1 theme 6 1605:1605 arg1 week 1607:1610 week 1607:1610 week 1607:1610 The distribution of taxonomic classes was dynamic over the 6 week feeding period for each of the diets. 26745269 5 2 theme OS-HA7 1392:1397 arg1 p<0.0001 1399:1406 OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1392:1406 NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1348:1406 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 3 3 theme study 656:660 arg1 aim 644:646 the aim 640:646 the aim of this study 640:660 Given the interest in dietary approaches to improve health, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota also results in a change in behavior. 26745269 8 4 theme Proteobacteria 1780:1793 arg1 members 1758:1764 members 1758:1764 members of the phylum Proteobacteria 1758:1793 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 10 5 dep arm 2402:2404 arg1 = 2415:2415 = 2415:2415 = 2415:2415 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 9 6 theme control 2092:2098 arg1 diet 2100:2103 the control diet 2088:2103 the control diet 2088:2103 At the class level, members of the class Bacilli decreased in the OS-HA7 fed group, and Actinobacteria, which includes the genus Bifidobacteria, was enriched in the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet. 26745269 16 7 theme animal 3445:3450 arg1 models 3452:3457 animal models 3445:3457 animal models 3445:3457 These observations warrant careful consideration when developing diets rich in resistant starch in humans and animal models. 26745269 10 8 theme elevated-plus 2226:2238 arg1 maze 2240:2243 the elevated-plus maze 2222:2243 the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000) 2222:2485 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 5 9 theme lower 1270:1274 arg1 gain 1283:1286 a lower weight gain 1268:1286 a lower weight gain 1268:1286 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 4 10 theme starch 939:944 arg1 HA7 1003:1005 HA7 1003:1005 HA7 1003:1005 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 4 10 theme starch 939:944 arg1 diet 946:949 a normal corn starch diet 925:949 a normal corn starch diet (NCS) 925:955 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 4 10 theme starch 939:944 arg1 NCS 952:954 NCS 952:954 NCS 952:954 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 12 11 theme fed 2803:2805 arg1 mice 2807:2810 HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice 2788:2810 HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2788:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 7 12 theme taxonomic 1566:1574 arg1 classes 1576:1582 taxonomic classes 1566:1582 taxonomic classes 1566:1582 The distribution of taxonomic classes was dynamic over the 6 week feeding period for each of the diets. 26745269 4 13 theme HA7 1029:1031 arg1 OS-HA7 1039:1044 OS-HA7 1039:1044 OS-HA7 1039:1044 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 4 13 theme HA7 1029:1031 arg1 diet 1033:1036 octenyl-succinate HA7 diet 1011:1036 octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) 1011:1045 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 3 14 theme starch 718:723 arg1 use 693:695 the use 689:695 the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota 689:759 Given the interest in dietary approaches to improve health, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota also results in a change in behavior. 26745269 10 15 theme = 2361:2361 arg1 p 2359:2359 OS-HA7 p = 0.0001 2352:2368 NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001 2307:2368 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 12 16 theme HA7 2788:2790 arg1 mice 2807:2810 HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice 2788:2810 HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2788:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 16 17 theme careful 3362:3368 arg1 consideration 3370:3382 careful consideration 3362:3382 careful consideration 3362:3382 These observations warrant careful consideration when developing diets rich in resistant starch in humans and animal models. 26745269 4 18 theme treatment 874:882 arg1 groups 884:889 3 treatment groups 872:889 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) 872:908 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 3 19 theme dietary 700:706 arg1 starch 718:723 dietary resistant starch 700:723 dietary resistant starch 700:723 Given the interest in dietary approaches to improve health, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota also results in a change in behavior. 26745269 8 20 theme feeding 1668:1674 arg1 periods 1676:1682 the feeding periods 1664:1682 the feeding periods 1664:1682 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 5 21 dep animals 1321:1327 arg1 p 1336:1336 ANOVA p = 0.0001 1330:1345 ANOVA p = 0.0001 1330:1345 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 8 22 from increases 1745:1753 arg1 mice 1809:1812 OS-HA7 fed mice 1798:1812 OS-HA7 fed mice 1798:1812 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 8 22 from increases 1745:1753 arg1 members 1758:1764 members 1758:1764 members of the phylum Proteobacteria 1758:1793 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 11 23 theme general 2522:2528 arg1 locomotion 2530:2539 general locomotion 2522:2539 general locomotion 2522:2539 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 2 24 theme intestinal 557:566 arg1 microbiota 568:577 the intestinal microbiota 553:577 the intestinal microbiota 553:577 Resistant starch continues to receive attention as a dietary intervention that can benefit the host through mechanisms that include altering the intestinal microbiota. 26745269 16 25 from rich 3406:3409 arg1 starch 3424:3429 resistant starch 3414:3429 resistant starch in humans and animal models 3414:3457 These observations warrant careful consideration when developing diets rich in resistant starch in humans and animal models. 26745269 10 26 from performance 2207:2217 arg1 maze 2240:2243 the elevated-plus maze 2222:2243 the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000) 2222:2485 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 9 27 theme Bacilli 1938:1944 arg1 members 1917:1923 members 1917:1923 members of the class Bacilli 1917:1944 At the class level, members of the class Bacilli decreased in the OS-HA7 fed group, and Actinobacteria, which includes the genus Bifidobacteria, was enriched in the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet. 26745269 1 28 theme beneficial 379:388 arg1 outcome 390:396 a beneficial outcome 377:396 a beneficial outcome for the host 377:409 The increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. 26745269 4 29 from starches 984:991 arg1 rich 966:969 rich 966:969 rich 966:969 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 6 30 theme gene 1454:1457 arg1 profiling 1469:1477 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling 1445:1477 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling 1445:1477 Analysis of fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling revealed that each diet corresponded with a unique gut microbiota. 26745269 12 31 theme decreased 2767:2775 arg1 rearing 2777:2783 decreased rearing 2767:2783 decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2734:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 8 32 theme taxa 1705:1708 arg1 distribution 1689:1700 the distribution 1685:1700 the distribution of taxa 1685:1708 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 10 33 theme OS-HA7 2447:2452 arg1 p 2454:2454 OS-HA7 p 2447:2454 OS-HA7 p 2447:2454 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 6 34 theme 16s 1445:1447 arg1 rRNA 1449:1452 16s rRNA 1445:1452 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling 1445:1477 Analysis of fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling revealed that each diet corresponded with a unique gut microbiota. 26745269 5 35 theme comparable 1161:1170 arg1 gain 1179:1182 comparable weight gain 1161:1182 comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001) 1161:1407 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 3 36 theme gut 746:748 arg1 microbiota 750:759 the gut microbiota 742:759 the gut microbiota 742:759 Given the interest in dietary approaches to improve health, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota also results in a change in behavior. 26745269 5 37 theme ANOVA 1330:1334 arg1 p 1336:1336 ANOVA p = 0.0001 1330:1345 ANOVA p = 0.0001 1330:1345 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 10 38 theme open 2280:2283 arg1 arm 2285:2287 the open arm 2276:2287 the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000) 2276:2485 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 0 39 theme Dietary 72:78 arg1 Modulation 80:89 Dietary Modulation 72:89 Dietary Modulation of Behavior 72:101 Resistant Starch Alters the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis: Implications for Dietary Modulation of Behavior. 26745269 10 40 theme OS-HA7 2352:2357 arg1 p 2359:2359 OS-HA7 p = 0.0001 2352:2368 NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001 2307:2368 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 4 41 theme = 894:894 arg1 n 892:892 n = 16 892:897 n = 16 per group 892:907 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 6 42 theme unique 1523:1528 arg1 microbiota 1534:1543 a unique gut microbiota 1521:1543 a unique gut microbiota 1521:1543 Analysis of fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling revealed that each diet corresponded with a unique gut microbiota. 26745269 5 43 theme = 1338:1338 arg1 p 1336:1336 ANOVA p = 0.0001 1330:1345 ANOVA p = 0.0001 1330:1345 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 4 44 dep groups 884:889 arg1 n 892:892 n = 16 892:897 n = 16 per group 892:907 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 3 45 dep mice 728:731 arg1 alter 736:740 alter 736:740 to alter the gut microbiota 733:759 Given the interest in dietary approaches to improve health, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota also results in a change in behavior. 26745269 6 46 theme fecal 1422:1426 arg1 microbiota 1428:1437 fecal microbiota 1422:1437 fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling 1422:1477 Analysis of fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling revealed that each diet corresponded with a unique gut microbiota. 26745269 4 47 theme microbiota 1103:1112 arg1 composition 1114:1124 fecal microbiota composition 1097:1124 fecal microbiota composition 1097:1124 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 10 48 theme p 2296:2296 arg1 0.000 2300:2304 ANOVA p = 0.000 2290:2304 ANOVA p = 0.000 2290:2304 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 12 49 theme behavior 2873:2880 arg1 pattern 2839:2845 a consistent pattern 2826:2845 a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2826:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 10 50 theme anxiety-like 2170:2181 arg1 behavior 2183:2190 profound anxiety-like behavior 2161:2190 profound anxiety-like behavior 2161:2190 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 12 51 from exploration 2744:2754 arg1 mice 2807:2810 HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice 2788:2810 HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2788:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 10 52 theme HA7 2311:2313 arg1 p 2315:2315 HA7 p 2311:2315 HA7 p 2311:2315 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 0 53 theme Resistant 0:8 arg1 Starch 10:15 Resistant Starch 0:15 Resistant Starch 0:15 Resistant Starch Alters the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis: Implications for Dietary Modulation of Behavior. 26745269 10 54 from arm 2285:2287 arg1 arm 2402:2404 the open arm 2393:2404 the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000) 2393:2485 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 9 55 theme genus 2020:2024 arg1 Bifidobacteria 2026:2039 the genus Bifidobacteria 2016:2039 the genus Bifidobacteria 2016:2039 At the class level, members of the class Bacilli decreased in the OS-HA7 fed group, and Actinobacteria, which includes the genus Bifidobacteria, was enriched in the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet. 26745269 8 56 theme OS-HA7 1798:1803 arg1 mice 1809:1812 OS-HA7 fed mice 1798:1812 OS-HA7 fed mice 1798:1812 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 10 57 theme profound 2161:2168 arg1 behavior 2183:2190 profound anxiety-like behavior 2161:2190 profound anxiety-like behavior 2161:2190 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 8 58 theme fed 1858:1860 arg1 mice 1862:1865 HA7 fed mice 1854:1865 HA7 fed mice 1854:1865 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 10 59 from entries 2382:2388 arg1 arm 2402:2404 the open arm 2393:2404 the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000) 2393:2485 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 60 theme open 2397:2400 arg1 arm 2402:2404 the open arm 2393:2404 the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000) 2393:2485 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 3 61 from change 779:784 arg1 behavior 789:796 behavior 789:796 behavior 789:796 Given the interest in dietary approaches to improve health, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota also results in a change in behavior. 26745269 14 62 theme starch 3172:3177 arg1 composition 3179:3189 a particular starch composition 3159:3189 a particular starch composition 3159:3189 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 12 63 theme increased 2850:2858 arg1 behavior 2873:2880 increased anxiety-like behavior 2850:2880 increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2850:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 0 64 theme Microbiota-Gut 28:41 arg1 Axis 49:52 the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis 24:52 the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis: Implications for Dietary Modulation of Behavior 24:101 Resistant Starch Alters the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis: Implications for Dietary Modulation of Behavior. 26745269 0 65 dep Axis 49:52 arg1 Implications 55:66 Implications 55:66 the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis: Implications for Dietary Modulation of Behavior 24:101 Resistant Starch Alters the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis: Implications for Dietary Modulation of Behavior. 26745269 4 66 theme corn 934:937 arg1 HA7 1003:1005 HA7 1003:1005 HA7 1003:1005 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 4 66 theme corn 934:937 arg1 diet 946:949 a normal corn starch diet 925:949 a normal corn starch diet (NCS) 925:955 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 4 66 theme corn 934:937 arg1 NCS 952:954 NCS 952:954 NCS 952:954 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 15 67 theme increased 3301:3309 arg1 behaviors 3324:3332 increased anxiety-like behaviors 3301:3332 increased anxiety-like behaviors 3301:3332 However, undesirable effects can also be associated with resistant starch, including lack of weight gain and increased anxiety-like behaviors. 26745269 10 68 dep NCS 2307:2309 arg1 HA7 2348:2350 HA7 2348:2350 NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001 2307:2368 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 68 dep NCS 2307:2309 arg1 p 2359:2359 OS-HA7 p = 0.0001 2352:2368 NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001 2307:2368 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 68 dep NCS 2307:2309 arg1 NCS 2326:2328 NCS 2326:2328 NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001 2307:2368 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 4 69 theme resistant 974:982 arg1 starches 984:991 resistant starches 974:991 resistant starches 974:991 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 15 70 theme gain 3292:3295 arg1 behaviors 3324:3332 increased anxiety-like behaviors 3301:3332 increased anxiety-like behaviors 3301:3332 However, undesirable effects can also be associated with resistant starch, including lack of weight gain and increased anxiety-like behaviors. 26745269 15 70 theme gain 3292:3295 arg1 lack 3277:3280 lack 3277:3280 lack of weight gain 3277:3295 However, undesirable effects can also be associated with resistant starch, including lack of weight gain and increased anxiety-like behaviors. 26745269 10 71 dep arm 2285:2287 arg1 0.000 2300:2304 ANOVA p = 0.000 2290:2304 ANOVA p = 0.000 2290:2304 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 7 72 theme week 1607:1610 arg1 period 1620:1625 the 6 week feeding period 1601:1625 the 6 week feeding period 1601:1625 The distribution of taxonomic classes was dynamic over the 6 week feeding period for each of the diets. 26745269 4 73 theme HA7 993:995 arg1 diet 997:1000 rich in resistant starches HA7 diet 966:1000 rich in resistant starches HA7 diet 966:1000 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 10 74 theme HA7 2428:2430 arg1 p 2432:2432 HA7 p 2428:2432 HA7 p 2428:2432 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 9 75 theme fed 2066:2068 arg1 group 2070:2074 the HA7 fed group 2058:2074 the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet 2058:2103 At the class level, members of the class Bacilli decreased in the OS-HA7 fed group, and Actinobacteria, which includes the genus Bifidobacteria, was enriched in the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet. 26745269 11 76 theme significant 2581:2591 arg1 measure 2639:2645 a measure 2637:2645 a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries 2637:2687 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 11 76 theme significant 2581:2591 arg1 differences 2593:2603 statistically significant differences 2567:2603 statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion 2567:2632 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 14 77 from changes 3055:3061 arg1 microbiota 3074:3083 the gut microbiota 3066:3083 the gut microbiota 3066:3083 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 10 78 dep 0.000 2300:2304 arg1 NCS 2307:2309 NCS 2307:2309 NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001 2307:2368 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 78 dep 0.000 2300:2304 arg1 = 2339:2339 = 2339:2339 = 2339:2339 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 78 dep 0.000 2300:2304 arg1 = 2317:2317 = 2317:2317 = 2317:2317 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 1 79 theme taxa 246:249 arg1 manipulation 220:231 the manipulation 216:231 the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet 216:262 The increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. 26745269 16 80 theme resistant 3414:3422 arg1 starch 3424:3429 resistant starch 3414:3429 resistant starch in humans and animal models 3414:3457 These observations warrant careful consideration when developing diets rich in resistant starch in humans and animal models. 26745269 4 81 theme week-old 813:820 arg1 mice 841:844 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice 799:844 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice 799:844 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 4 82 theme rich 966:969 arg1 diet 997:1000 rich in resistant starches HA7 diet 966:1000 rich in resistant starches HA7 diet 966:1000 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 10 83 dep 0.039 2417:2421 arg1 NCS 2424:2426 NCS 2424:2426 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000 2417:2484 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 83 dep 0.039 2417:2421 arg1 NCS 2465:2467 NCS 2465:2467 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000 2417:2484 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 83 dep 0.039 2417:2421 arg1 p 2476:2476 OS-HA7 p = 1.000 2469:2484 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000 2417:2484 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 83 dep 0.039 2417:2421 arg1 HA7 2443:2445 HA7 2443:2445 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000 2417:2484 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 4 84 theme Swiss-Webster 827:839 arg1 mice 841:844 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice 799:844 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice 799:844 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 7 85 theme classes 1576:1582 arg1 dynamic 1588:1594 dynamic 1588:1594 dynamic 1588:1594 The distribution of taxonomic classes was dynamic over the 6 week feeding period for each of the diets. 26745269 7 85 theme classes 1576:1582 arg1 distribution 1550:1561 The distribution 1546:1561 The distribution of taxonomic classes 1546:1582 The distribution of taxonomic classes was dynamic over the 6 week feeding period for each of the diets. 26745269 4 86 theme octenyl-succinate 1011:1027 arg1 OS-HA7 1039:1044 OS-HA7 1039:1044 OS-HA7 1039:1044 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 4 86 theme octenyl-succinate 1011:1027 arg1 diet 1033:1036 octenyl-succinate HA7 diet 1011:1036 octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) 1011:1045 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 5 87 theme OS-HA7 1371:1376 arg1 p<0.0001 1378:1385 OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1371:1385 NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1348:1406 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 1 88 theme central 163:169 arg1 role 171:174 a central role 161:174 a central role 161:174 The increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. 26745269 5 89 dep NCS 1348:1350 arg1 NCS 1388:1390 NCS 1388:1390 NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1348:1406 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 5 89 dep NCS 1348:1350 arg1 HA7 1367:1369 HA7 1367:1369 NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1348:1406 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 5 89 dep NCS 1348:1350 arg1 p<0.0001 1378:1385 OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1371:1385 NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1348:1406 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 5 89 dep NCS 1348:1350 arg1 p<0.0001 1399:1406 OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1392:1406 NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1348:1406 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 9 90 theme class 1904:1908 arg1 level 1910:1914 the class level 1900:1914 the class level 1900:1914 At the class level, members of the class Bacilli decreased in the OS-HA7 fed group, and Actinobacteria, which includes the genus Bifidobacteria, was enriched in the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet. 26745269 4 91 dep diet 946:949 arg1 diet 997:1000 rich in resistant starches HA7 diet 966:1000 rich in resistant starches HA7 diet 966:1000 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 5 92 theme weight 1276:1281 arg1 gain 1283:1286 a lower weight gain 1268:1286 a lower weight gain 1268:1286 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 14 93 theme dial-in 3110:3116 arg1 " 3117:3117 "dial-in" 3109:3117 "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition 3109:3189 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 3 94 from use 693:695 arg1 mice 728:731 mice 728:731 mice to alter the gut microbiota 728:759 Given the interest in dietary approaches to improve health, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota also results in a change in behavior. 26745269 8 95 theme periods 1676:1682 arg1 end 1657:1659 the end 1653:1659 the end of the feeding periods 1653:1682 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 5 96 dep p 1336:1336 arg1 = 1358:1358 = 1358:1358 = 1358:1358 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 5 96 dep p 1336:1336 arg1 NCS 1348:1350 NCS 1348:1350 NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001 1348:1406 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 6 97 theme each 1493:1496 arg1 diet 1498:1501 each diet 1493:1501 each diet 1493:1501 Analysis of fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling revealed that each diet corresponded with a unique gut microbiota. 26745269 1 98 theme gut 140:142 arg1 microbiota 144:153 the gut microbiota 136:153 the gut microbiota 136:153 The increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. 26745269 3 99 theme resistant 708:716 arg1 starch 718:723 dietary resistant starch 700:723 dietary resistant starch 700:723 Given the interest in dietary approaches to improve health, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota also results in a change in behavior. 26745269 9 100 theme OS-HA7 1963:1968 arg1 group 1974:1978 the OS-HA7 fed group 1959:1978 the OS-HA7 fed group 1959:1978 At the class level, members of the class Bacilli decreased in the OS-HA7 fed group, and Actinobacteria, which includes the genus Bifidobacteria, was enriched in the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet. 26745269 11 101 theme exploration 2545:2555 arg1 measure 2511:2517 a measure 2509:2517 a measure of general locomotion and exploration 2509:2555 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 11 101 theme exploration 2545:2555 arg1 behavior 2499:2506 Open-field behavior 2488:2506 Open-field behavior 2488:2506 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 12 102 theme decreased 2734:2742 arg1 exploration 2744:2754 exploration 2744:2754 decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2734:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 9 103 theme class 1932:1936 arg1 Bacilli 1938:1944 the class Bacilli 1928:1944 the class Bacilli 1928:1944 At the class level, members of the class Bacilli decreased in the OS-HA7 fed group, and Actinobacteria, which includes the genus Bifidobacteria, was enriched in the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet. 26745269 1 104 theme increasing 108:117 arg1 recognition 119:129 The increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition 104:200 The increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition 104:200 The increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. 26745269 11 105 theme locomotion 2530:2539 arg1 measure 2511:2517 a measure 2509:2517 a measure of general locomotion and exploration 2509:2555 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 11 105 theme locomotion 2530:2539 arg1 behavior 2499:2506 Open-field behavior 2488:2506 Open-field behavior 2488:2506 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 6 106 theme taxonomic 1459:1467 arg1 profiling 1469:1477 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling 1445:1477 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling 1445:1477 Analysis of fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling revealed that each diet corresponded with a unique gut microbiota. 26745269 5 107 theme HA7 1142:1144 arg1 diet 1146:1149 an HA7 diet 1139:1149 an HA7 diet 1139:1149 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 12 108 theme OS-HA7 2796:2801 arg1 mice 2807:2810 HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice 2788:2810 HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2788:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 3 109 theme dietary 602:608 arg1 approaches 610:619 dietary approaches 602:619 dietary approaches 602:619 Given the interest in dietary approaches to improve health, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota also results in a change in behavior. 26745269 6 110 theme rRNA 1449:1452 arg1 profiling 1469:1477 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling 1445:1477 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling 1445:1477 Analysis of fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling revealed that each diet corresponded with a unique gut microbiota. 26745269 14 111 theme gut 3070:3072 arg1 microbiota 3074:3083 the gut microbiota 3066:3083 the gut microbiota 3066:3083 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 8 112 theme significant 1733:1743 arg1 increases 1745:1753 statistically significant increases 1719:1753 statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice 1719:1812 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 4 113 from rich 966:969 arg1 starches 984:991 resistant starches 974:991 resistant starches 974:991 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 2 114 theme dietary 465:471 arg1 intervention 473:484 a dietary intervention 463:484 a dietary intervention that can benefit the host through mechanisms that include altering the intestinal microbiota 463:577 Resistant starch continues to receive attention as a dietary intervention that can benefit the host through mechanisms that include altering the intestinal microbiota. 26745269 2 114 theme dietary 465:471 arg1 attention 450:458 attention 450:458 attention 450:458 Resistant starch continues to receive attention as a dietary intervention that can benefit the host through mechanisms that include altering the intestinal microbiota. 26745269 10 115 from spent 2255:2259 arg1 entries 2382:2388 entries 2382:2388 the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000) 2276:2485 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 115 from spent 2255:2259 arg1 arm 2285:2287 the open arm 2276:2287 the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000) 2276:2485 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 9 116 theme fed 1970:1972 arg1 group 1974:1978 the OS-HA7 fed group 1959:1978 the OS-HA7 fed group 1959:1978 At the class level, members of the class Bacilli decreased in the OS-HA7 fed group, and Actinobacteria, which includes the genus Bifidobacteria, was enriched in the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet. 26745269 12 117 theme consistent 2828:2837 arg1 pattern 2839:2845 a consistent pattern 2826:2845 a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2826:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 6 118 theme gut 1530:1532 arg1 microbiota 1534:1543 a unique gut microbiota 1521:1543 a unique gut microbiota 1521:1543 Analysis of fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling revealed that each diet corresponded with a unique gut microbiota. 26745269 12 119 from rearing 2777:2783 arg1 mice 2807:2810 HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice 2788:2810 HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2788:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 4 120 theme fecal 1097:1101 arg1 composition 1114:1124 fecal microbiota composition 1097:1124 fecal microbiota composition 1097:1124 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 14 121 theme quantifiable 3042:3053 arg1 changes 3055:3061 quantifiable changes 3042:3061 quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota 3042:3083 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 11 122 from differences 2593:2603 arg1 locomotion 2623:2632 locomotion 2623:2632 locomotion 2623:2632 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 0 123 theme Behavior 94:101 arg1 Modulation 80:89 Dietary Modulation 72:89 Dietary Modulation of Behavior 72:101 Resistant Starch Alters the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis: Implications for Dietary Modulation of Behavior. 26745269 1 124 theme reproducible 322:333 arg1 manner 350:355 a reproducible and consistent manner 320:355 a reproducible and consistent manner 320:355 The increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. 26745269 6 125 theme microbiota 1428:1437 arg1 Analysis 1410:1417 Analysis 1410:1417 Analysis of fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling 1410:1477 Analysis of fecal microbiota using 16s rRNA gene taxonomic profiling revealed that each diet corresponded with a unique gut microbiota. 26745269 10 126 theme = 2298:2298 arg1 0.000 2300:2304 ANOVA p = 0.000 2290:2304 ANOVA p = 0.000 2290:2304 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 3 127 from interest 590:597 arg1 approaches 610:619 dietary approaches 602:619 dietary approaches 602:619 Given the interest in dietary approaches to improve health, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of dietary resistant starch in mice to alter the gut microbiota also results in a change in behavior. 26745269 8 128 theme phylum 1773:1778 arg1 Proteobacteria 1780:1793 the phylum Proteobacteria 1769:1793 the phylum Proteobacteria 1769:1793 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 1 129 theme consistent 339:348 arg1 manner 350:355 a reproducible and consistent manner 320:355 a reproducible and consistent manner 320:355 The increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. 26745269 11 130 theme Open-field 2488:2497 arg1 measure 2511:2517 a measure 2509:2517 a measure of general locomotion and exploration 2509:2555 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 11 130 theme Open-field 2488:2497 arg1 behavior 2499:2506 Open-field behavior 2488:2506 Open-field behavior 2488:2506 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 10 131 theme time 2250:2253 arg1 spent 2255:2259 time spent 2250:2259 time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000) 2250:2485 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 132 theme = 2478:2478 arg1 p 2476:2476 OS-HA7 p = 1.000 2469:2484 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000 2417:2484 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 133 theme Behavioral 2106:2115 arg1 analysis 2117:2124 Behavioral analysis 2106:2124 Behavioral analysis 2106:2124 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 5 134 theme HA7 1317:1319 arg1 animals 1321:1327 HA7 animals 1317:1327 HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001) 1317:1407 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 10 135 theme ANOVA 2290:2294 arg1 0.000 2300:2304 ANOVA p = 0.000 2290:2304 ANOVA p = 0.000 2290:2304 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 10 136 with maze 2240:2243 arg1 spent 2255:2259 time spent 2250:2259 time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000) 2250:2485 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 8 137 theme HA7 1854:1856 arg1 mice 1862:1865 HA7 fed mice 1854:1865 HA7 fed mice 1854:1865 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 2 138 theme Resistant 412:420 arg1 starch 422:427 Resistant starch 412:427 Resistant starch 412:427 Resistant starch continues to receive attention as a dietary intervention that can benefit the host through mechanisms that include altering the intestinal microbiota. 26745269 10 139 theme ANOVA 2407:2411 arg1 p 2413:2413 ANOVA p 2407:2413 ANOVA p 2407:2413 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 15 140 theme resistant 3249:3257 arg1 starch 3259:3264 resistant starch 3249:3264 resistant starch 3249:3264 However, undesirable effects can also be associated with resistant starch, including lack of weight gain and increased anxiety-like behaviors. 26745269 5 141 theme weight 1172:1177 arg1 gain 1179:1182 comparable weight gain 1161:1182 comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001) 1161:1407 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 8 142 theme fed 1805:1807 arg1 mice 1809:1812 OS-HA7 fed mice 1798:1812 OS-HA7 fed mice 1798:1812 At the end of the feeding periods, the distribution of taxa included statistically significant increases in members of the phylum Proteobacteria in OS-HA7 fed mice, while the Verrucomicrobia increased in HA7 fed mice over that of mice fed OS-HA7. 26745269 11 143 theme quadrant 2669:2676 arg1 boundaries 2678:2687 quadrant boundaries 2669:2687 quadrant boundaries 2669:2687 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 14 144 dep " 3117:3117 arg1 microbiome 3130:3139 a specific microbiome 3119:3139 "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition 3109:3189 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 14 144 dep " 3117:3117 arg1 unique 3149:3154 unique 3149:3154 unique 3149:3154 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 12 145 theme open-field 2708:2717 arg1 assay 2719:2723 the open-field assay 2704:2723 the open-field assay 2704:2723 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 14 146 theme specific 3121:3128 arg1 microbiome 3130:3139 a specific microbiome 3119:3139 "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition 3109:3189 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 14 146 theme specific 3121:3128 arg1 unique 3149:3154 unique 3149:3154 unique 3149:3154 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 12 147 theme anxiety-like 2860:2871 arg1 behavior 2873:2880 increased anxiety-like behavior 2850:2880 increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups 2850:2899 Additionally, the open-field assay revealed decreased exploration as well as decreased rearing in HA7 and OS-HA7 fed mice demonstrating a consistent pattern of increased anxiety-like behavior among these groups. 26745269 0 148 theme Brain 43:47 arg1 Axis 49:52 the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis 24:52 the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis: Implications for Dietary Modulation of Behavior 24:101 Resistant Starch Alters the Microbiota-Gut Brain Axis: Implications for Dietary Modulation of Behavior. 26745269 16 149 from starch 3424:3429 arg1 humans 3434:3439 humans 3434:3439 humans 3434:3439 These observations warrant careful consideration when developing diets rich in resistant starch in humans and animal models. 26745269 16 149 from starch 3424:3429 arg1 models 3452:3457 animal models 3445:3457 animal models 3445:3457 These observations warrant careful consideration when developing diets rich in resistant starch in humans and animal models. 26745269 16 149 from starch 3424:3429 arg1 rich 3406:3409 rich 3406:3409 rich 3406:3409 These observations warrant careful consideration when developing diets rich in resistant starch in humans and animal models. 26745269 15 150 theme undesirable 3201:3211 arg1 effects 3213:3219 undesirable effects 3201:3219 undesirable effects 3201:3219 However, undesirable effects can also be associated with resistant starch, including lack of weight gain and increased anxiety-like behaviors. 26745269 11 151 theme transitions 2650:2660 arg1 measure 2639:2645 a measure 2637:2645 a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries 2637:2687 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 11 151 theme transitions 2650:2660 arg1 differences 2593:2603 statistically significant differences 2567:2603 statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion 2567:2632 Open-field behavior, a measure of general locomotion and exploration, revealed statistically significant differences between groups in locomotion as a measure of transitions across quadrant boundaries. 26745269 14 152 used utilized 3022:3029 arg2 diets 2983:2987 diets 2983:2987 diets based on resistant starch 2983:3013 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 14 153 theme particular 3161:3170 arg1 composition 3179:3189 a particular starch composition 3159:3189 a particular starch composition 3159:3189 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 16 154 theme rich 3406:3409 arg1 diets 3400:3404 diets 3400:3404 diets rich in resistant starch in humans and animal models 3400:3457 These observations warrant careful consideration when developing diets rich in resistant starch in humans and animal models. 26745269 4 155 theme normal 927:932 arg1 HA7 1003:1005 HA7 1003:1005 HA7 1003:1005 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 4 155 theme normal 927:932 arg1 diet 946:949 a normal corn starch diet 925:949 a normal corn starch diet (NCS) 925:955 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 4 155 theme normal 927:932 arg1 NCS 952:954 NCS 952:954 NCS 952:954 Forty-eight 6 week-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 16 per group) and fed either a normal corn starch diet (NCS) or diets rich in resistant starches HA7 diet (HA7) or octenyl-succinate HA7 diet (OS-HA7) for 6 week and monitored for weight, behavior and fecal microbiota composition. 26745269 14 156 theme resistant 2998:3006 arg1 starch 3008:3013 resistant starch 2998:3013 resistant starch 2998:3013 These results indicate that diets based on resistant starch can be utilized to produce quantifiable changes in the gut microbiota and should be useful to "dial-in" a specific microbiome that is unique to a particular starch composition. 26745269 5 157 theme feeding 1193:1199 arg1 period 1201:1206 the feeding period 1189:1206 the feeding period 1189:1206 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 15 158 theme anxiety-like 3311:3322 arg1 behaviors 3324:3332 increased anxiety-like behaviors 3301:3332 increased anxiety-like behaviors 3301:3332 However, undesirable effects can also be associated with resistant starch, including lack of weight gain and increased anxiety-like behaviors. 26745269 5 159 theme HA7 1352:1354 arg1 p 1356:1356 HA7 p 1352:1356 HA7 p 1352:1356 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 10 160 theme OS-HA7 2330:2335 arg1 p 2337:2337 OS-HA7 p 2330:2337 OS-HA7 p 2330:2337 Behavioral analysis revealed that animals demonstrated profound anxiety-like behavior as observed by performance on the elevated-plus maze with time spent by the mice in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.000; NCS:HA7 p = 0.004; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.0001) as well as entries in the open arm (ANOVA p = 0.039; NCS:HA7 p = 0.041; HA7:OS-HA7 p = 0.221; NCS:OS-HA7 p = 1.000). 26745269 9 161 theme HA7 2062:2064 arg1 group 2070:2074 the HA7 fed group 2058:2074 the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet 2058:2103 At the class level, members of the class Bacilli decreased in the OS-HA7 fed group, and Actinobacteria, which includes the genus Bifidobacteria, was enriched in the HA7 fed group compared to the control diet. 26745269 7 162 theme feeding 1612:1618 arg1 period 1620:1625 the 6 week feeding period 1601:1625 the 6 week feeding period 1601:1625 The distribution of taxonomic classes was dynamic over the 6 week feeding period for each of the diets. 26745269 15 163 theme weight 3285:3290 arg1 gain 3292:3295 weight gain 3285:3295 weight gain 3285:3295 However, undesirable effects can also be associated with resistant starch, including lack of weight gain and increased anxiety-like behaviors. 26745269 5 164 theme NCS-fed 1229:1235 arg1 animals 1237:1243 NCS-fed animals 1229:1243 NCS-fed animals 1229:1243 Animals fed an HA7 diet displayed comparable weight gain over the feeding period to that recorded for NCS-fed animals while OS-HA7 displayed a lower weight gain as compared to either NCS or HA7 animals (ANOVA p = 0.0001; NCS:HA7 p = 0.244; HA7:OS-HA7 p<0.0001; NCS:OS-HA7 p<0.0001). 26745269 1 165 theme microbial 236:244 arg1 taxa 246:249 microbial taxa 236:249 microbial taxa 236:249 The increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. 25855079 9 0 theme deficient 1200:1208 arg1 mutant 1215:1220 the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant 1182:1220 the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) 1182:1227 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 9 0 theme deficient 1200:1208 arg1 N10Q 1223:1226 N10Q 1223:1226 N10Q 1223:1226 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 5 1 theme ASBT-V5 666:672 arg1 protein 681:687 ASBT-V5 fusion protein 666:687 ASBT-V5 fusion protein 666:687 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 7 2 theme ASBT 865:868 arg1 bands 870:874 shifted ASBT bands 857:874 shifted ASBT bands 857:874 Inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin significantly decreased ASBT activity and shifted ASBT bands to ~30 kDa, representing a deglycosylated protein. 25855079 8 3 theme Endo 980:983 arg1 glycosidases 987:998 Endo H glycosidases 980:998 Endo H glycosidases 980:998 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 9 4 gly N-glycosylation 1245:1259 arg1 ASBT 1282:1285 ASBT targeting 1282:1295 ASBT targeting to plasma membrane 1282:1314 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 1 5 theme bile 173:176 arg1 acids 178:182 bile acids 173:182 bile acids 173:182 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 6 6 theme kDa 767:769 arg1 mass 747:750 molecular mass 737:750 molecular mass of ~41 and ~35 kDa 737:769 ASBT-V5 protein was detected as two bands with molecular mass of ~41 and ~35 kDa. 25855079 7 7 theme ASBT 839:842 arg1 activity 844:851 ASBT activity 839:851 ASBT activity 839:851 Inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin significantly decreased ASBT activity and shifted ASBT bands to ~30 kDa, representing a deglycosylated protein. 25855079 12 8 theme ASBT 1629:1632 arg1 N-glycosylation 1610:1624 N-glycosylation 1610:1624 N-glycosylation of ASBT 1610:1632 These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus. 25855079 11 9 gly glycosylated 1514:1525 arg1 ASBT 1527:1530 mature glycosylated ASBT 1507:1530 mature glycosylated ASBT 1507:1530 Incubating the cells with high glucose (25 mM) for 48 h increased mature glycosylated ASBT along with an increase in its function. 25855079 2 10 theme bile 214:217 arg1 absorption 224:233 bile acid absorption 214:233 bile acid absorption 214:233 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 2 10 theme bile 214:217 arg1 function 201:208 Inhibiting ASBT function 185:208 Inhibiting ASBT function 185:208 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 2 10 theme bile 214:217 arg1 approach 252:259 an attractive approach 238:259 an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients 238:338 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 7 11 gly deglycosylated 903:916 arg1 protein 918:924 a deglycosylated protein 901:924 a deglycosylated protein 901:924 Inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin significantly decreased ASBT activity and shifted ASBT bands to ~30 kDa, representing a deglycosylated protein. 25855079 11 12 theme mature 1507:1512 arg1 ASBT 1527:1530 mature glycosylated ASBT 1507:1530 mature glycosylated ASBT 1507:1530 Incubating the cells with high glucose (25 mM) for 48 h increased mature glycosylated ASBT along with an increase in its function. 25855079 9 13 theme ASBT 1282:1285 arg1 targeting 1287:1295 ASBT targeting 1282:1295 ASBT targeting to plasma membrane 1282:1314 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 5 14 theme Current 501:507 arg1 studies 509:515 Current studies 501:515 Current studies 501:515 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 11 15 from increase 1546:1553 arg1 function 1562:1569 its function 1558:1569 its function 1558:1569 Incubating the cells with high glucose (25 mM) for 48 h increased mature glycosylated ASBT along with an increase in its function. 25855079 8 16 theme upper 1016:1020 arg1 band 1029:1032 the upper 41-kDa band 1012:1032 the upper 41-kDa band 1012:1032 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 12 17 theme glycan 1703:1708 arg1 composition 1684:1694 the composition 1680:1694 the composition of the glycan 1680:1708 These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus. 25855079 12 18 theme glucose 1666:1672 arg1 levels 1656:1661 high levels 1651:1661 high levels of glucose 1651:1672 These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus. 25855079 5 19 theme N-glycosylation 543:557 arg1 roles 534:538 the roles 530:538 the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein 530:687 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 11 20 theme high 1467:1470 arg1 glucose 1472:1478 high glucose 1467:1478 high glucose (25 mM) for 48 h 1467:1495 Incubating the cells with high glucose (25 mM) for 48 h increased mature glycosylated ASBT along with an increase in its function. 25855079 11 20 theme high 1467:1470 arg1 mM 1484:1485 25 mM 1481:1485 25 mM 1481:1485 Incubating the cells with high glucose (25 mM) for 48 h increased mature glycosylated ASBT along with an increase in its function. 25855079 8 21 theme mature 1053:1058 arg1 glycoprotein 1085:1096 a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein 1045:1096 a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein 1045:1096 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 5 22 theme ASBT 562:565 arg1 stability 575:583 ASBT protein stability 562:583 ASBT protein stability 562:583 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 1 23 theme bile 91:94 arg1 ASBT 113:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT 87:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT 87:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 1 23 theme bile 91:94 arg1 glycoprotein 123:134 a glycoprotein 121:134 a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids 121:182 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 12 24 from function 1753:1760 arg1 mellitus 1774:1781 diabetes mellitus 1765:1781 diabetes mellitus 1765:1781 These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus. 25855079 8 25 with Treatment 927:935 arg1 F 975:975 PNGase F 968:975 PNGase F 968:975 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 8 25 with Treatment 927:935 arg1 glycosidases 987:998 Endo H glycosidases 980:998 Endo H glycosidases 980:998 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 12 26 theme diabetes 1765:1772 arg1 mellitus 1774:1781 diabetes mellitus 1765:1781 diabetes mellitus 1765:1781 These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus. 25855079 10 27 theme mature 1326:1331 arg1 glycosylation 1333:1345 mature glycosylation 1326:1345 mature glycosylation 1326:1345 However, mature glycosylation significantly increased the half-life and protected ASBT protein from digestion with trypsin. 25855079 1 28 theme transporter 101:111 arg1 ASBT 113:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT 87:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT 87:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 1 28 theme transporter 101:111 arg1 glycoprotein 123:134 a glycoprotein 121:134 a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids 121:182 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 0 29 theme ileal 33:37 arg1 function 44:51 ileal ASBT function 33:51 ileal ASBT function 33:51 N-glycosylation is essential for ileal ASBT function and protection against proteases. 25855079 8 30 theme 35-kDa 1112:1117 arg1 band 1119:1122 the lower 35-kDa band 1102:1122 the lower 35-kDa band 1102:1122 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 4 31 theme exact 414:418 arg1 roles 420:424 the exact roles 410:424 the exact roles of N-glycosylation of ASBT 410:451 However, the exact roles of N-glycosylation of ASBT, and how it affects its function, is not known. 25855079 8 32 theme total 940:944 arg1 lysates 955:961 total cellular lysates 940:961 total cellular lysates 940:961 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 8 33 theme lysates 955:961 arg1 Treatment 927:935 Treatment 927:935 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases 927:998 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 2 34 theme Inhibiting 185:194 arg1 absorption 224:233 bile acid absorption 214:233 bile acid absorption 214:233 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 2 34 theme Inhibiting 185:194 arg1 approach 252:259 an attractive approach 238:259 an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients 238:338 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 2 34 theme Inhibiting 185:194 arg1 function 201:208 Inhibiting ASBT function 185:208 Inhibiting ASBT function 185:208 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 10 35 theme ASBT 1399:1402 arg1 protein 1404:1410 ASBT protein 1399:1410 ASBT protein 1399:1410 However, mature glycosylation significantly increased the half-life and protected ASBT protein from digestion with trypsin. 25855079 9 36 with Studies 1169:1175 arg1 mutant 1215:1220 the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant 1182:1220 the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) 1182:1227 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 9 36 with Studies 1169:1175 arg1 N10Q 1223:1226 N10Q 1223:1226 N10Q 1223:1226 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 8 37 theme mannose-rich 1137:1148 arg1 glycoprotein 1155:1166 a mannose-rich core glycoprotein 1135:1166 a mannose-rich core glycoprotein 1135:1166 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 8 38 theme PNGase 968:973 arg1 F 975:975 PNGase F 968:975 PNGase F 968:975 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 9 39 theme glycosylation 1186:1198 arg1 mutant 1215:1220 the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant 1182:1220 the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) 1182:1227 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 9 39 theme glycosylation 1186:1198 arg1 N10Q 1223:1226 N10Q 1223:1226 N10Q 1223:1226 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 5 40 gly N-glycosylation 543:557 arg1 ASBT 562:565 ASBT protein stability 562:583 ASBT protein stability 562:583 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 5 40 gly N-glycosylation 543:557 arg1 protein 567:573 ASBT protein stability 562:583 ASBT protein stability 562:583 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 6 41 with bands 726:730 arg1 mass 747:750 molecular mass 737:750 molecular mass of ~41 and ~35 kDa 737:769 ASBT-V5 protein was detected as two bands with molecular mass of ~41 and ~35 kDa. 25855079 9 42 theme ASBT 1210:1213 arg1 mutant 1215:1220 the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant 1182:1220 the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) 1182:1227 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 9 42 theme ASBT 1210:1213 arg1 N10Q 1223:1226 N10Q 1223:1226 N10Q 1223:1226 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 12 43 gly N-glycosylation 1610:1624 arg1 ASBT 1629:1632 ASBT 1629:1632 ASBT 1629:1632 These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus. 25855079 4 44 gly N-glycosylation 429:443 arg1 ASBT 448:451 ASBT 448:451 ASBT 448:451 However, the exact roles of N-glycosylation of ASBT, and how it affects its function, is not known. 25855079 8 45 theme H 985:985 arg1 glycosidases 987:998 Endo H glycosidases 980:998 Endo H glycosidases 980:998 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 2 46 theme plasma 270:275 arg1 cholesterol 277:287 plasma cholesterol 270:287 plasma cholesterol 270:287 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 5 47 theme HEK-293 628:634 arg1 cells 636:640 HEK-293 cells 628:640 HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein 628:687 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 7 48 theme shifted 857:863 arg1 bands 870:874 shifted ASBT bands 857:874 shifted ASBT bands 857:874 Inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin significantly decreased ASBT activity and shifted ASBT bands to ~30 kDa, representing a deglycosylated protein. 25855079 1 49 theme acids 178:182 arg1 absorption 159:168 active absorption 152:168 active absorption of bile acids 152:182 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 12 50 theme ASBT 1748:1751 arg1 function 1753:1760 ASBT function 1748:1760 ASBT function in diabetes mellitus 1748:1781 These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus. 25855079 2 51 theme glucose 301:307 arg1 imbalance 309:317 glucose imbalance 301:317 glucose imbalance 301:317 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 5 52 from roles 534:538 arg1 protection 589:598 protection 589:598 protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein 589:687 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 5 52 from roles 534:538 arg1 stability 575:583 ASBT protein stability 562:583 ASBT protein stability 562:583 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 4 53 theme ASBT 448:451 arg1 N-glycosylation 429:443 N-glycosylation 429:443 N-glycosylation of ASBT 429:451 However, the exact roles of N-glycosylation of ASBT, and how it affects its function, is not known. 25855079 1 54 gly glycoprotein 123:134 arg1 ASBT 113:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT 87:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT 87:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 1 54 gly glycoprotein 123:134 arg1 glycoprotein 123:134 a glycoprotein 121:134 a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids 121:182 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 12 55 theme novel 1594:1598 arg1 roles 1600:1604 novel roles 1594:1604 novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT 1594:1632 These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus. 25855079 5 56 theme fusion 674:679 arg1 protein 681:687 ASBT-V5 fusion protein 666:687 ASBT-V5 fusion protein 666:687 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 2 57 theme acid 219:222 arg1 absorption 224:233 bile acid absorption 214:233 bile acid absorption 214:233 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 2 57 theme acid 219:222 arg1 function 201:208 Inhibiting ASBT function 185:208 Inhibiting ASBT function 185:208 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 2 57 theme acid 219:222 arg1 approach 252:259 an attractive approach 238:259 an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients 238:338 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 4 58 theme N-glycosylation 429:443 arg1 roles 420:424 the exact roles 410:424 the exact roles of N-glycosylation of ASBT 410:451 However, the exact roles of N-glycosylation of ASBT, and how it affects its function, is not known. 25855079 2 59 theme attractive 241:250 arg1 absorption 224:233 bile acid absorption 214:233 bile acid absorption 214:233 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 2 59 theme attractive 241:250 arg1 function 201:208 Inhibiting ASBT function 185:208 Inhibiting ASBT function 185:208 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 2 59 theme attractive 241:250 arg1 approach 252:259 an attractive approach 238:259 an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients 238:338 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 1 60 theme responsible 136:146 arg1 ASBT 113:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT 87:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT 87:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 1 60 theme responsible 136:146 arg1 glycoprotein 123:134 a glycoprotein 121:134 a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids 121:182 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 9 61 theme plasma 1300:1305 arg1 membrane 1307:1314 plasma membrane 1300:1314 plasma membrane 1300:1314 Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. 25855079 8 62 theme 41-kDa 1022:1027 arg1 band 1029:1032 the upper 41-kDa band 1012:1032 the upper 41-kDa band 1012:1032 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 1 63 theme active 152:157 arg1 absorption 159:168 active absorption 152:168 active absorption of bile acids 152:182 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 2 64 dep cholesterol 277:287 arg1 lower 264:268 lower 264:268 lower 264:268 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 11 65 theme glycosylated 1514:1525 arg1 ASBT 1527:1530 mature glycosylated ASBT 1507:1530 mature glycosylated ASBT 1507:1530 Incubating the cells with high glucose (25 mM) for 48 h increased mature glycosylated ASBT along with an increase in its function. 25855079 8 66 gly glycoprotein 1085:1096 arg1 glycoprotein 1085:1096 a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein 1045:1096 a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein 1045:1096 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 3 67 theme ASBT 360:363 arg1 Deglycosylation 341:355 Deglycosylation 341:355 Deglycosylation of ASBT 341:363 Deglycosylation of ASBT was shown to decrease its function. 25855079 8 68 theme N-acetylglucosamine-rich 1060:1083 arg1 glycoprotein 1085:1096 a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein 1045:1096 a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein 1045:1096 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 8 69 theme core 1150:1153 arg1 glycoprotein 1155:1166 a mannose-rich core glycoprotein 1135:1166 a mannose-rich core glycoprotein 1135:1166 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 6 70 theme ASBT-V5 690:696 arg1 bands 726:730 two bands 722:730 two bands with molecular mass of ~41 and ~35 kDa 722:769 ASBT-V5 protein was detected as two bands with molecular mass of ~41 and ~35 kDa. 25855079 6 70 theme ASBT-V5 690:696 arg1 protein 698:704 ASBT-V5 protein 690:704 ASBT-V5 protein 690:704 ASBT-V5 protein was detected as two bands with molecular mass of ~41 and ~35 kDa. 25855079 5 71 theme protein 567:573 arg1 stability 575:583 ASBT protein stability 562:583 ASBT protein stability 562:583 Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. 25855079 1 72 theme acid 96:99 arg1 ASBT 113:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT 87:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT 87:116 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 1 72 theme acid 96:99 arg1 glycoprotein 123:134 a glycoprotein 121:134 a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids 121:182 The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. 25855079 0 73 theme ASBT 39:42 arg1 function 44:51 ileal ASBT function 33:51 ileal ASBT function 33:51 N-glycosylation is essential for ileal ASBT function and protection against proteases. 25855079 7 74 theme glycosylation 786:798 arg1 Inhibition 772:781 Inhibition 772:781 Inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin 772:813 Inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin significantly decreased ASBT activity and shifted ASBT bands to ~30 kDa, representing a deglycosylated protein. 25855079 8 75 theme lower 1106:1110 arg1 band 1119:1122 the lower 35-kDa band 1102:1122 the lower 35-kDa band 1102:1122 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 0 76 gly N-glycosylation 0:14 arg1 ASBT 39:42 ileal ASBT function 33:51 ileal ASBT function 33:51 N-glycosylation is essential for ileal ASBT function and protection against proteases. 25855079 12 77 theme high 1651:1654 arg1 levels 1656:1661 high levels 1651:1661 high levels of glucose 1651:1672 These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus. 25855079 12 78 from increase 1736:1743 arg1 function 1753:1760 ASBT function 1748:1760 ASBT function in diabetes mellitus 1748:1781 These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus. 25855079 3 79 gly Deglycosylation 341:355 arg1 ASBT 360:363 ASBT 360:363 ASBT 360:363 Deglycosylation of ASBT was shown to decrease its function. 25855079 8 80 gly glycoprotein 1155:1166 arg1 glycoprotein 1155:1166 a mannose-rich core glycoprotein 1135:1166 a mannose-rich core glycoprotein 1135:1166 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 25855079 7 81 theme deglycosylated 903:916 arg1 protein 918:924 a deglycosylated protein 901:924 a deglycosylated protein 901:924 Inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin significantly decreased ASBT activity and shifted ASBT bands to ~30 kDa, representing a deglycosylated protein. 25855079 2 82 theme ASBT 196:199 arg1 absorption 224:233 bile acid absorption 214:233 bile acid absorption 214:233 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 2 82 theme ASBT 196:199 arg1 approach 252:259 an attractive approach 238:259 an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients 238:338 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 2 82 theme ASBT 196:199 arg1 function 201:208 Inhibiting ASBT function 185:208 Inhibiting ASBT function 185:208 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 6 83 theme molecular 737:745 arg1 mass 747:750 molecular mass 737:750 molecular mass of ~41 and ~35 kDa 737:769 ASBT-V5 protein was detected as two bands with molecular mass of ~41 and ~35 kDa. 25855079 2 84 theme diabetic 322:329 arg1 patients 331:338 diabetic patients 322:338 diabetic patients 322:338 Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. 25855079 10 85 with digestion 1417:1425 arg1 trypsin 1432:1438 trypsin 1432:1438 trypsin 1432:1438 However, mature glycosylation significantly increased the half-life and protected ASBT protein from digestion with trypsin. 25855079 8 86 theme cellular 946:953 arg1 lysates 955:961 total cellular lysates 940:961 total cellular lysates 940:961 Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. 23835214 5 0 with HIV-positive 890:901 arg1 counts 916:921 low CD4 counts 908:921 low CD4 counts 908:921 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 3 1 theme body 499:502 arg1 composition 504:514 body composition 499:514 body composition 499:514 Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ. 23835214 3 2 theme energy 534:539 arg1 absorptiometry 547:560 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 529:560 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 529:560 Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ. 23835214 9 3 theme refined 1448:1454 arg1 items 1461:1465 predominantly refined food items 1434:1465 predominantly refined food items 1434:1465 After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall. 23835214 5 4 dep groups 775:780 arg1 HIV-negative 787:798 HIV-negative 787:798 HIV-negative 787:798 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 4 dep groups 775:780 arg1 HIV-positive 890:901 HIV-positive 890:901 HIV-positive 890:901 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 4 dep groups 775:780 arg1 due 927:929 due 927:929 due 927:929 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 1 5 from impact 266:271 arg1 ARV 179:181 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive 163:201 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women 163:248 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 1 5 from impact 266:271 arg1 variables 302:310 these variables 296:310 these variables 296:310 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 10 6 theme body 1559:1562 arg1 composition 1564:1574 body composition 1559:1574 body composition 1559:1574 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 1 7 theme HIV-positive 190:201 arg1 ARV 179:181 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive 163:201 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women 163:248 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 8 8 theme body 1228:1231 arg1 fat 1233:1235 percentage body fat 1217:1235 percentage body fat 1217:1235 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 3 9 theme dietary 591:597 arg1 data 606:609 dietary intake data 591:609 dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ 591:662 Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ. 23835214 8 10 theme HIV- 1248:1251 arg1 counterparts 1270:1281 HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts 1248:1281 counterparts 1270:1281 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 5 11 theme ARV 940:942 arg1 treatment 944:952 start ARV treatment 934:952 start ARV treatment 934:952 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 1 12 theme dietary 124:130 arg1 intake 132:137 dietary intake 124:137 dietary intake 124:137 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 5 13 dep Black 718:722 arg1 urban 725:729 urban 725:729 urban 725:729 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 8 14 theme HIV+ 1257:1260 arg1 counterparts 1270:1281 HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts 1248:1281 counterparts 1270:1281 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 7 15 theme < 1149:1149 arg1 0·001 1151:1155 all P < 0·001 1143:1155 all P < 0·001 1143:1155 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 7 15 theme < 1149:1149 arg1 groups 1135:1140 the other two groups 1121:1140 the other two groups (all P < 0·001) 1121:1156 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 7 16 theme pre-ARV 1070:1076 arg1 lighter 1088:1094 lighter 1088:1094 lighter 1088:1094 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 7 16 theme pre-ARV 1070:1076 arg1 group 1078:1082 The HIV+ pre-ARV group 1061:1082 The HIV+ pre-ARV group 1061:1082 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 1 17 theme body 143:146 arg1 composition 148:158 body composition 143:158 body composition 143:158 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 0 18 theme African 72:78 arg1 women 80:84 HIV-positive and -negative South African women 39:84 HIV-positive and -negative South African women 39:84 Dietary intake and body composition in HIV-positive and -negative South African women. 23835214 1 19 from composition 148:158 arg1 ARV 179:181 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive 163:201 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women 163:248 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 1 19 from composition 148:158 arg1 variables 302:310 these variables 296:310 these variables 296:310 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 5 20 theme CD4 847:849 arg1 counts 851:856 preserved CD4 counts 837:856 preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74) 837:877 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 9 21 from differences 1316:1326 arg1 intakes 1345:1351 macronutrient intakes 1331:1351 macronutrient intakes 1331:1351 After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall. 23835214 5 22 with HIV-positive 819:830 arg1 counts 851:856 preserved CD4 counts 837:856 preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74) 837:877 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 23 theme South 731:735 arg1 women 745:749 Black, urban South African women 718:749 Black, urban South African women 718:749 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 24 dep counts 851:856 arg1 non-ARV 864:870 HIV+ non-ARV 859:870 HIV+ non-ARV; n 74 859:876 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 6 25 from high 1029:1032 arg1 population 1042:1051 this population 1037:1051 this population 1037:1051 RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in this population (59 %). 23835214 7 26 theme P 1147:1147 arg1 0·001 1151:1155 all P < 0·001 1143:1155 all P < 0·001 1143:1155 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 7 26 theme P 1147:1147 arg1 groups 1135:1140 the other two groups 1121:1140 the other two groups (all P < 0·001) 1121:1156 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 0 27 from composition 24:34 arg1 women 80:84 HIV-positive and -negative South African women 39:84 HIV-positive and -negative South African women 39:84 Dietary intake and body composition in HIV-positive and -negative South African women. 23835214 8 28 theme pre-ARV 1164:1170 arg1 women 1172:1176 HIV+ pre-ARV women 1159:1176 HIV+ pre-ARV women 1159:1176 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 2 29 theme bone 370:373 arg1 health 375:380 bone health 370:380 bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women 370:447 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 0 30 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 intake 8:13 Dietary intake 0:13 Dietary intake 0:13 Dietary intake and body composition in HIV-positive and -negative South African women. 23835214 9 31 theme study 1360:1364 arg1 groups 1366:1371 study groups 1360:1371 study groups 1360:1371 After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall. 23835214 5 32 dep HIV-positive 819:830 arg1 ii 815:816 ii 815:816 ii 815:816 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 32 dep HIV-positive 819:830 arg1 n 807:807 n 98) 807:811 n 98) 807:811 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 32 dep HIV-positive 819:830 arg1 HIV- 801:804 HIV- 801:804 HIV- 801:804 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 2 33 theme premenopausal 415:427 arg1 women 443:447 HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women 385:447 HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women 385:447 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 1 34 theme present 101:107 arg1 paper 109:113 The present paper 97:113 The present paper 97:113 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 2 35 theme age 466:468 arg1 years 457:461 18 years 454:461 18 years of age 454:468 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 0 36 theme -negative 56:64 arg1 women 80:84 HIV-positive and -negative South African women 39:84 HIV-positive and -negative South African women 39:84 Dietary intake and body composition in HIV-positive and -negative South African women. 23835214 8 37 theme lower 1187:1191 arg1 fat 1193:1195 lower fat 1187:1195 lower fat 1187:1195 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 11 38 theme infection 1713:1721 arg1 stages 1703:1708 advanced stages 1694:1708 advanced stages of infection 1694:1721 However, in populations with high obesity prevalence, these differences become evident only at advanced stages of infection. 23835214 1 39 theme severity 284:291 arg1 intake 132:137 dietary intake 124:137 dietary intake 124:137 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 1 39 theme severity 284:291 arg1 composition 148:158 body composition 143:158 body composition 143:158 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 1 39 theme severity 284:291 arg1 impact 266:271 the impact 262:271 the impact of disease severity on these variables 262:310 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 8 40 contain had 1183:1185 arg2 masses 1206:1211 lean masses 1201:1211 lean masses 1201:1211 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 8 40 contain had 1183:1185 arg1 women 1172:1176 HIV+ pre-ARV women 1159:1176 HIV+ pre-ARV women 1159:1176 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 8 40 contain had 1183:1185 arg2 fat 1233:1235 percentage body fat 1217:1235 percentage body fat 1217:1235 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 8 40 contain had 1183:1185 arg2 fat 1193:1195 lower fat 1187:1195 lower fat 1187:1195 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 3 41 theme interviewer-based 629:645 arg1 FFQ 660:662 an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ 626:662 an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ 626:662 Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ. 23835214 2 42 dep premenopausal 415:427 arg1 African 435:441 African 435:441 African 435:441 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 10 43 theme CONCLUSION 1487:1496 arg1 determinant 1544:1554 a key determinant 1538:1554 a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women 1538:1596 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 10 43 theme CONCLUSION 1487:1496 arg1 immunosuppression 1513:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression 1487:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression 1487:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 0 44 theme HIV-positive 39:50 arg1 women 80:84 HIV-positive and -negative South African women 39:84 HIV-positive and -negative South African women 39:84 Dietary intake and body composition in HIV-positive and -negative South African women. 23835214 2 45 used used 475:478 arg2 data 329:332 DESIGN Baseline data 313:332 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age 313:468 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 2 46 theme DESIGN 313:318 arg1 data 329:332 DESIGN Baseline data 313:332 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age 313:468 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 1 47 theme HIV-negative 217:228 arg1 women 244:248 HIV-negative South African women 217:248 HIV-negative South African women 217:248 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 8 48 theme percentage 1217:1226 arg1 fat 1233:1235 percentage body fat 1217:1235 percentage body fat 1217:1235 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 1 49 theme African 236:242 arg1 women 244:248 HIV-negative South African women 217:248 HIV-negative South African women 217:248 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 5 50 theme low 908:910 arg1 counts 916:921 low CD4 counts 908:921 low CD4 counts 908:921 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 9 51 theme items 1461:1465 arg1 consumption 1419:1429 consumption 1419:1429 consumption of predominantly refined food items 1419:1465 After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall. 23835214 3 52 theme dual 529:532 arg1 absorptiometry 547:560 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 529:560 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 529:560 Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ. 23835214 5 53 dep HIV-negative 787:798 arg1 HIV-positive 819:830 HIV-positive 819:830 HIV-positive 819:830 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 53 dep HIV-negative 787:798 arg1 pre-ARV 960:966 HIV+ pre-ARV 955:966 HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75 955:972 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 53 dep HIV-negative 787:798 arg1 iii 885:887 iii 885:887 iii 885:887 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 10 54 theme key 1540:1542 arg1 determinant 1544:1554 a key determinant 1538:1554 a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women 1538:1596 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 10 54 theme key 1540:1542 arg1 immunosuppression 1513:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression 1487:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression 1487:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 1 55 theme antiretroviral 163:176 arg1 ARV 179:181 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive 163:201 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women 163:248 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 9 56 theme food 1456:1459 arg1 items 1461:1465 predominantly refined food items 1434:1465 predominantly refined food items 1434:1465 After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall. 23835214 10 57 theme HIV-positive 1579:1590 arg1 women 1592:1596 HIV-positive women 1579:1596 HIV-positive women 1579:1596 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 2 58 from study 354:358 arg1 data 329:332 DESIGN Baseline data 313:332 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age 313:468 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 6 59 theme obesity 1017:1023 arg1 prevalence 988:997 The prevalence 984:997 RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity 976:1023 RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in this population (59 %). 23835214 3 60 theme X-ray 541:545 arg1 absorptiometry 547:560 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 529:560 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 529:560 Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ. 23835214 1 61 theme -naïve 183:188 arg1 ARV 179:181 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive 163:201 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women 163:248 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 6 62 theme overweight 1002:1011 arg1 prevalence 988:997 The prevalence 984:997 RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity 976:1023 RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in this population (59 %). 23835214 6 63 dep high 1029:1032 arg1 % 1057:1057 59 % 1054:1057 59 % 1054:1057 RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in this population (59 %). 23835214 5 64 theme Black 718:722 arg1 women 745:749 Black, urban South African women 718:749 Black, urban South African women 718:749 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 65 theme HIV+ 955:958 arg1 pre-ARV 960:966 HIV+ pre-ARV 955:966 HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75 955:972 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 11 66 theme high 1628:1631 arg1 prevalence 1641:1650 high obesity prevalence 1628:1650 high obesity prevalence 1628:1650 However, in populations with high obesity prevalence, these differences become evident only at advanced stages of infection. 23835214 5 67 theme start 934:938 arg1 treatment 944:952 start ARV treatment 934:952 start ARV treatment 934:952 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 68 theme HIV+ 859:862 arg1 non-ARV 864:870 HIV+ non-ARV 859:870 HIV+ non-ARV; n 74 859:876 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 10 69 theme composition 1564:1574 arg1 determinant 1544:1554 a key determinant 1538:1554 a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women 1538:1596 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 10 69 theme composition 1564:1574 arg1 immunosuppression 1513:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression 1487:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression 1487:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 8 70 theme non-ARV 1262:1268 arg1 counterparts 1270:1281 HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts 1248:1281 counterparts 1270:1281 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 11 71 theme obesity 1633:1639 arg1 prevalence 1641:1650 high obesity prevalence 1628:1650 high obesity prevalence 1628:1650 However, in populations with high obesity prevalence, these differences become evident only at advanced stages of infection. 23835214 7 72 theme HIV+ 1065:1068 arg1 lighter 1088:1094 lighter 1088:1094 lighter 1088:1094 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 7 72 theme HIV+ 1065:1068 arg1 group 1078:1082 The HIV+ pre-ARV group 1061:1082 The HIV+ pre-ARV group 1061:1082 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 3 73 theme intake 599:604 arg1 data 606:609 dietary intake data 591:609 dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ 591:662 Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ. 23835214 10 74 from determinant 1544:1554 arg1 women 1592:1596 HIV-positive women 1579:1596 HIV-positive women 1579:1596 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 10 75 theme HIV-associated 1498:1511 arg1 determinant 1544:1554 a key determinant 1538:1554 a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women 1538:1596 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 10 75 theme HIV-associated 1498:1511 arg1 immunosuppression 1513:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression 1487:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression 1487:1529 CONCLUSION HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. 23835214 5 76 theme preserved 837:845 arg1 counts 851:856 preserved CD4 counts 837:856 preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74) 837:877 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 77 dep SUBJECTS 709:716 arg1 divided 756:762 divided 756:762 were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75) 751:973 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 0 78 from intake 8:13 arg1 women 80:84 HIV-positive and -negative South African women 39:84 HIV-positive and -negative South African women 39:84 Dietary intake and body composition in HIV-positive and -negative South African women. 23835214 1 79 dep OBJECTIVE 87:95 arg1 examines 115:122 examines 115:122 examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables 115:310 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 8 80 theme lean 1201:1204 arg1 masses 1206:1211 lean masses 1201:1211 lean masses 1201:1211 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 11 81 with populations 1611:1621 arg1 prevalence 1641:1650 high obesity prevalence 1628:1650 high obesity prevalence 1628:1650 However, in populations with high obesity prevalence, these differences become evident only at advanced stages of infection. 23835214 4 82 dep Africa 701:706 arg1 SETTING 665:671 SETTING 665:671 SETTING 665:671 SETTING Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. 23835214 5 83 dep non-ARV 864:870 arg1 n 873:873 n 74 873:876 HIV+ non-ARV; n 74 859:876 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 5 84 theme African 737:743 arg1 women 745:749 Black, urban South African women 718:749 Black, urban South African women 718:749 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 7 85 contain had 1100:1102 arg2 BMI 1112:1114 a lower BMI 1104:1114 a lower BMI 1104:1114 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 7 85 contain had 1100:1102 arg1 lighter 1088:1094 lighter 1088:1094 lighter 1088:1094 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 7 85 contain had 1100:1102 arg1 group 1078:1082 The HIV+ pre-ARV group 1061:1082 The HIV+ pre-ARV group 1061:1082 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 9 86 theme macronutrient 1331:1343 arg1 intakes 1345:1351 macronutrient intakes 1331:1351 macronutrient intakes 1331:1351 After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall. 23835214 6 87 from population 1042:1051 arg1 high 1029:1032 high 1029:1032 high 1029:1032 RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in this population (59 %). 23835214 1 88 from intake 132:137 arg1 ARV 179:181 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive 163:201 antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women 163:248 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 1 88 from intake 132:137 arg1 variables 302:310 these variables 296:310 these variables 296:310 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 8 89 theme HIV+ 1159:1162 arg1 women 1172:1176 HIV+ pre-ARV women 1159:1176 HIV+ pre-ARV women 1159:1176 HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. 23835214 11 90 theme advanced 1694:1701 arg1 stages 1703:1708 advanced stages 1694:1708 advanced stages of infection 1694:1721 However, in populations with high obesity prevalence, these differences become evident only at advanced stages of infection. 23835214 0 91 theme body 19:22 arg1 composition 24:34 body composition 19:34 body composition 19:34 Dietary intake and body composition in HIV-positive and -negative South African women. 23835214 7 92 theme other 1125:1129 arg1 0·001 1151:1155 all P < 0·001 1143:1155 all P < 0·001 1143:1155 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 7 92 theme other 1125:1129 arg1 groups 1135:1140 the other two groups 1121:1140 the other two groups (all P < 0·001) 1121:1156 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 3 93 theme quantitative 647:658 arg1 FFQ 660:662 an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ 626:662 an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ 626:662 Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ. 23835214 2 94 theme HIV-positive 402:413 arg1 women 443:447 HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women 385:447 HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women 385:447 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 1 95 theme disease 276:282 arg1 severity 284:291 disease severity 276:291 disease severity 276:291 OBJECTIVE The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables. 23835214 5 96 theme CD4 912:914 arg1 counts 916:921 low CD4 counts 908:921 low CD4 counts 908:921 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 2 97 theme HIV-negative 385:396 arg1 women 443:447 HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women 385:447 HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women 385:447 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 9 98 theme fat 1383:1385 arg1 intakes 1397:1403 fat and sugar intakes 1383:1403 fat and sugar intakes 1383:1403 After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall. 23835214 7 99 theme lower 1106:1110 arg1 BMI 1112:1114 a lower BMI 1104:1114 a lower BMI 1104:1114 The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). 23835214 2 100 theme Baseline 320:327 arg1 data 329:332 DESIGN Baseline data 313:332 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age 313:468 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 9 101 theme sugar 1391:1395 arg1 intakes 1397:1403 fat and sugar intakes 1383:1403 fat and sugar intakes 1383:1403 After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall. 23835214 2 102 from health 375:380 arg1 women 443:447 HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women 385:447 HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women 385:447 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 23835214 5 103 dep pre-ARV 960:966 arg1 n 969:969 n 75 969:972 HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75 955:972 SUBJECTS Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75). 23835214 6 104 dep RESULTS 976:982 arg1 prevalence 988:997 The prevalence 984:997 RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity 976:1023 RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in this population (59 %). 23835214 2 105 theme longitudinal 341:352 arg1 study 354:358 a longitudinal study 339:358 a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age 339:468 DESIGN Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. 25317718 4 0 theme chow 508:511 arg1 libitum 516:522 chow ad libitum 508:522 chow ad libitum (chow group) 508:535 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 4 0 theme chow 508:511 arg1 group 530:534 chow group 525:534 chow group 525:534 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 10 1 theme composition 1546:1556 arg1 timing 1527:1532 the timing 1523:1532 the timing of the diet composition 1523:1556 Collectively these data indicate that the timing of the diet composition affects food efficiency, most likely due to a shifted oxidation pattern, which can predispose for obesity. 25317718 2 2 theme inappropriate 282:294 arg1 responsible 325:335 responsible 325:335 responsible 325:335 However, at present, it is unknown if the inappropriate timing of diet components is responsible for body weight gain. 25317718 2 2 theme inappropriate 282:294 arg1 timing 296:301 the inappropriate timing 278:301 the inappropriate timing of diet components 278:320 However, at present, it is unknown if the inappropriate timing of diet components is responsible for body weight gain. 25317718 6 3 theme weight 983:988 arg1 gain 990:993 body weight gain 978:993 body weight gain 978:993 Caloric intake and body weight gain were monitored during 31 days. 25317718 1 4 theme weight 227:232 arg1 gain 234:237 body weight gain 222:237 body weight gain 222:237 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 4 5 theme saturated 559:567 arg1 fat 569:571 saturated fat 559:571 saturated fat 559:571 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 8 6 from rats 1103:1106 arg1 diet 1120:1123 a choice diet 1111:1123 a choice diet 1111:1123 All rats on a choice diet showed hyperphagia and gained more body weight compared to the chow group. 25317718 1 7 theme calories 144:151 arg1 amount 125:130 the amount 121:130 the amount of ingested calories 121:151 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 1 7 theme calories 144:151 arg1 calories 144:151 ingested calories 135:151 ingested calories 135:151 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 1 8 theme gain 234:237 arg1 composition 190:200 meal composition 185:200 meal composition 185:200 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 1 8 theme gain 234:237 arg1 timing 159:164 timing 159:164 timing of food intake 159:179 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 1 8 theme gain 234:237 arg1 determinants 206:217 determinants 206:217 determinants of body weight gain 206:237 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 10 9 theme shifted 1604:1610 arg1 pattern 1622:1628 a shifted oxidation pattern 1602:1628 a shifted oxidation pattern 1602:1628 Collectively these data indicate that the timing of the diet composition affects food efficiency, most likely due to a shifted oxidation pattern, which can predispose for obesity. 25317718 6 10 theme Caloric 959:965 arg1 intake 967:972 Caloric intake 959:972 Caloric intake 959:972 Caloric intake and body weight gain were monitored during 31 days. 25317718 3 11 from effect 419:424 arg1 homeostasis 460:470 energy homeostasis 453:470 energy homeostasis 453:470 In the present study, we therefore studied a time-dependent effect of the diet composition on energy homeostasis. 25317718 9 12 theme respiratory 1347:1357 arg1 ratio 1368:1372 a lower respiratory exchange ratio 1339:1372 a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) 1339:1378 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 9 12 theme respiratory 1347:1357 arg1 RER 1375:1377 RER 1375:1377 RER 1375:1377 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 5 13 theme libitum 836:842 arg1 access 844:849 ad libitum access 833:849 ad libitum access to chow 833:857 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 3 14 theme diet 433:436 arg1 composition 438:448 the diet composition 429:448 the diet composition 429:448 In the present study, we therefore studied a time-dependent effect of the diet composition on energy homeostasis. 25317718 11 15 theme Further 1665:1671 arg1 studies 1673:1679 Further studies 1665:1679 Further studies 1665:1679 Further studies are underway to assess putative mechanisms involved in this dysregulation. 25317718 5 16 theme ad 694:695 arg1 access 705:710 ad libitum access 694:710 ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution 694:754 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 8 17 theme more 1155:1158 arg1 weight 1165:1170 more body weight 1155:1170 more body weight 1155:1170 All rats on a choice diet showed hyperphagia and gained more body weight compared to the chow group. 25317718 5 18 theme 30 737:738 arg1 % 739:739 % 739:739 % 739:739 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 7 19 theme third 1065:1069 arg1 week 1071:1074 the third week 1061:1074 the third week in calorimetric cages 1061:1096 Energy expenditure was measured in the third week in calorimetric cages. 25317718 5 20 theme sugar 741:745 arg1 solution 747:754 a 30% sugar solution 735:754 a 30% sugar solution 735:754 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 9 21 theme anti-phasic 1388:1398 arg1 pattern 1400:1406 an anti-phasic pattern 1385:1406 an anti-phasic pattern 1385:1406 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 4 22 theme 30 576:577 arg1 % 578:578 % 578:578 % 578:578 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 1 23 theme body 222:225 arg1 gain 234:237 body weight gain 222:237 body weight gain 222:237 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 5 24 theme saturated 874:882 arg1 fat 884:886 saturated fat 874:886 saturated fat 874:886 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 9 25 theme choice 1211:1216 arg1 groups 1223:1228 the choice diet groups 1207:1228 the choice diet groups 1207:1228 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 2 26 from present 252:258 arg1 unknown 267:273 unknown 267:273 unknown 267:273 However, at present, it is unknown if the inappropriate timing of diet components is responsible for body weight gain. 25317718 8 27 theme chow 1188:1191 arg1 group 1193:1197 the chow group 1184:1197 the chow group 1184:1197 All rats on a choice diet showed hyperphagia and gained more body weight compared to the chow group. 25317718 4 28 theme sugar 580:584 arg1 solution 586:593 a 30% sugar solution 574:593 a 30% sugar solution 574:593 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 3 29 theme present 366:372 arg1 study 374:378 the present study 362:378 the present study 362:378 In the present study, we therefore studied a time-dependent effect of the diet composition on energy homeostasis. 25317718 0 30 theme male 88:91 arg1 rats 100:103 male Wistar rats 88:103 male Wistar rats 88:103 Timing of fat and liquid sugar intake alters substrate oxidation and food efficiency in male Wistar rats. 25317718 5 31 theme % 907:907 arg1 solution 915:922 a 30% sugar solution 903:922 a 30% sugar solution 903:922 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 9 32 theme heat 1457:1460 arg1 production 1462:1471 heat production 1457:1471 heat production 1457:1471 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 4 33 theme Wistar 478:483 arg1 rats 485:488 Male Wistar rats 473:488 Male Wistar rats 473:488 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 0 34 theme fat 10:12 arg1 Timing 0:5 Timing 0:5 Timing of fat and liquid sugar intake 0:36 Timing of fat and liquid sugar intake alters substrate oxidation and food efficiency in male Wistar rats. 25317718 2 35 theme weight 346:351 arg1 gain 353:356 body weight gain 341:356 body weight gain 341:356 However, at present, it is unknown if the inappropriate timing of diet components is responsible for body weight gain. 25317718 0 36 theme liquid 18:23 arg1 intake 31:36 liquid sugar intake 18:36 liquid sugar intake 18:36 Timing of fat and liquid sugar intake alters substrate oxidation and food efficiency in male Wistar rats. 25317718 0 37 theme substrate 45:53 arg1 oxidation 55:63 substrate oxidation 45:63 substrate oxidation 45:63 Timing of fat and liquid sugar intake alters substrate oxidation and food efficiency in male Wistar rats. 25317718 0 38 theme intake 31:36 arg1 Timing 0:5 Timing 0:5 Timing of fat and liquid sugar intake 0:36 Timing of fat and liquid sugar intake alters substrate oxidation and food efficiency in male Wistar rats. 25317718 9 39 theme most 1289:1292 arg1 weight 1299:1304 gained most body weight 1282:1304 gained most body weight per ingested calorie 1282:1325 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 5 40 theme tap 721:723 arg1 water 725:729 tap water 721:729 tap water 721:729 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 3 41 theme composition 438:448 arg1 effect 419:424 a time-dependent effect 402:424 a time-dependent effect of the diet composition on energy homeostasis 402:470 In the present study, we therefore studied a time-dependent effect of the diet composition on energy homeostasis. 25317718 5 42 theme light 806:810 arg1 LF 820:821 LF 820:821 LF 820:821 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 5 42 theme light 806:810 arg1 period 812:817 the light period 802:817 the light period (LF) 802:822 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 9 43 theme ingested 1310:1317 arg1 calorie 1319:1325 ingested calorie 1310:1325 ingested calorie 1310:1325 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 10 44 theme diet 1541:1544 arg1 composition 1546:1556 the diet composition 1537:1556 the diet composition 1537:1556 Collectively these data indicate that the timing of the diet composition affects food efficiency, most likely due to a shifted oxidation pattern, which can predispose for obesity. 25317718 5 45 theme light 940:944 arg1 LS 954:955 LS 954:955 LS 954:955 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 5 45 theme light 940:944 arg1 period 946:951 the light period 936:951 the light period (LS) 936:956 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 5 46 dep libitum 675:681 arg1 AL 684:685 AL 684:685 AL 684:685 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 4 47 theme ad 513:514 arg1 libitum 516:522 chow ad libitum 508:522 chow ad libitum (chow group) 508:535 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 4 47 theme ad 513:514 arg1 group 530:534 chow group 525:534 chow group 525:534 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 6 48 theme body 978:981 arg1 gain 990:993 body weight gain 978:993 body weight gain 978:993 Caloric intake and body weight gain were monitored during 31 days. 25317718 3 49 theme energy 453:458 arg1 homeostasis 460:470 energy homeostasis 453:470 energy homeostasis 453:470 In the present study, we therefore studied a time-dependent effect of the diet composition on energy homeostasis. 25317718 1 50 theme ingested 135:142 arg1 calories 144:151 ingested calories 135:151 ingested calories 135:151 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 5 51 dep components 661:670 arg1 libitum 675:681 ad libitum 672:681 all components ad libitum (AL) 657:686 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 9 52 theme lower 1341:1345 arg1 ratio 1368:1372 a lower respiratory exchange ratio 1339:1372 a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) 1339:1378 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 9 52 theme lower 1341:1345 arg1 RER 1375:1377 RER 1375:1377 RER 1375:1377 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 9 53 dep efficient 1266:1274 arg1 whereas 1409:1415 whereas 1409:1415 whereas 1409:1415 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 9 53 dep efficient 1266:1274 arg1 weight 1299:1304 gained most body weight 1282:1304 gained most body weight per ingested calorie 1282:1325 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 9 54 theme exchange 1359:1366 arg1 ratio 1368:1372 a lower respiratory exchange ratio 1339:1372 a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) 1339:1378 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 9 54 theme exchange 1359:1366 arg1 RER 1375:1377 RER 1375:1377 RER 1375:1377 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 9 55 dep weight 1299:1304 arg1 i.e. 1277:1280 i.e. 1277:1280 i.e. 1277:1280 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 1 56 theme food 169:172 arg1 intake 174:179 food intake 169:179 food intake 169:179 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 8 57 theme body 1160:1163 arg1 weight 1165:1170 more body weight 1155:1170 more body weight 1155:1170 All rats on a choice diet showed hyperphagia and gained more body weight compared to the chow group. 25317718 4 58 theme choice 542:547 arg1 diet 549:552 a choice diet 540:552 a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water 540:613 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 7 59 theme calorimetric 1079:1090 arg1 cages 1092:1096 calorimetric cages 1079:1096 calorimetric cages 1079:1096 Energy expenditure was measured in the third week in calorimetric cages. 25317718 10 60 theme oxidation 1612:1620 arg1 pattern 1622:1628 a shifted oxidation pattern 1602:1628 a shifted oxidation pattern 1602:1628 Collectively these data indicate that the timing of the diet composition affects food efficiency, most likely due to a shifted oxidation pattern, which can predispose for obesity. 25317718 4 61 with libitum 516:522 arg1 chow 596:599 chow 596:599 chow 596:599 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 4 61 with libitum 516:522 arg1 fat 569:571 saturated fat 559:571 saturated fat 559:571 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 4 61 with libitum 516:522 arg1 water 609:613 tap water 605:613 tap water 605:613 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 4 61 with libitum 516:522 arg1 solution 586:593 a 30% sugar solution 574:593 a 30% sugar solution 574:593 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 5 62 theme % 739:739 arg1 solution 747:754 a 30% sugar solution 735:754 a 30% sugar solution 735:754 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 5 63 theme choice 620:625 arg1 diet 627:630 The choice diet 616:630 The choice diet 616:630 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 5 64 theme ad 833:834 arg1 access 844:849 ad libitum access 833:849 ad libitum access to chow 833:857 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 0 65 theme food 69:72 arg1 efficiency 74:83 food efficiency 69:83 food efficiency 69:83 Timing of fat and liquid sugar intake alters substrate oxidation and food efficiency in male Wistar rats. 25317718 9 66 theme diet 1218:1221 arg1 groups 1223:1228 the choice diet groups 1207:1228 the choice diet groups 1207:1228 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 11 67 theme putative 1704:1711 arg1 mechanisms 1713:1722 putative mechanisms 1704:1722 putative mechanisms involved in this dysregulation 1704:1753 Further studies are underway to assess putative mechanisms involved in this dysregulation. 25317718 4 68 theme % 578:578 arg1 solution 586:593 a 30% sugar solution 574:593 a 30% sugar solution 574:593 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 9 69 from rats 1231:1234 arg1 diet 1246:1249 the LS diet 1239:1249 the LS diet 1239:1249 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 5 70 theme libitum 697:703 arg1 access 705:710 ad libitum access 694:710 ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution 694:754 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 0 71 theme Wistar 93:98 arg1 rats 100:103 male Wistar rats 88:103 male Wistar rats 88:103 Timing of fat and liquid sugar intake alters substrate oxidation and food efficiency in male Wistar rats. 25317718 5 72 theme tap 860:862 arg1 water 864:868 tap water 860:868 tap water 860:868 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 5 73 theme saturated 776:784 arg1 fat 786:788 saturated fat 776:788 saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access 776:898 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 9 74 theme locomotor 1435:1443 arg1 activity 1445:1452 locomotor activity 1435:1452 locomotor activity 1435:1452 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 5 75 theme ad 672:673 arg1 libitum 675:681 ad libitum 672:681 all components ad libitum (AL) 657:686 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 9 76 theme LS 1243:1244 arg1 diet 1246:1249 the LS diet 1239:1249 the LS diet 1239:1249 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 7 77 from week 1071:1074 arg1 cages 1092:1096 calorimetric cages 1079:1096 calorimetric cages 1079:1096 Energy expenditure was measured in the third week in calorimetric cages. 25317718 7 78 theme Energy 1026:1031 arg1 expenditure 1033:1043 Energy expenditure 1026:1043 Energy expenditure 1026:1043 Energy expenditure was measured in the third week in calorimetric cages. 25317718 4 79 theme tap 605:607 arg1 water 609:613 tap water 605:613 tap water 605:613 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 2 80 theme components 311:320 arg1 responsible 325:335 responsible 325:335 responsible 325:335 However, at present, it is unknown if the inappropriate timing of diet components is responsible for body weight gain. 25317718 2 80 theme components 311:320 arg1 timing 296:301 the inappropriate timing 278:301 the inappropriate timing of diet components 278:320 However, at present, it is unknown if the inappropriate timing of diet components is responsible for body weight gain. 25317718 5 81 theme sugar 909:913 arg1 solution 915:922 a 30% sugar solution 903:922 a 30% sugar solution 903:922 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 2 82 theme diet 306:309 arg1 components 311:320 diet components 306:320 diet components 306:320 However, at present, it is unknown if the inappropriate timing of diet components is responsible for body weight gain. 25317718 0 83 theme sugar 25:29 arg1 intake 31:36 liquid sugar intake 18:36 liquid sugar intake 18:36 Timing of fat and liquid sugar intake alters substrate oxidation and food efficiency in male Wistar rats. 25317718 2 84 theme body 341:344 arg1 gain 353:356 body weight gain 341:356 body weight gain 341:356 However, at present, it is unknown if the inappropriate timing of diet components is responsible for body weight gain. 25317718 9 85 from differences 1420:1430 arg1 activity 1445:1452 locomotor activity 1435:1452 locomotor activity 1435:1452 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 9 85 from differences 1420:1430 arg1 production 1462:1471 heat production 1457:1471 heat production 1457:1471 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 4 86 theme Male 473:476 arg1 rats 485:488 Male Wistar rats 473:488 Male Wistar rats 473:488 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 4 87 with diet 549:552 arg1 chow 596:599 chow 596:599 chow 596:599 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 4 87 with diet 549:552 arg1 fat 569:571 saturated fat 559:571 saturated fat 559:571 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 4 87 with diet 549:552 arg1 water 609:613 tap water 605:613 tap water 605:613 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 4 87 with diet 549:552 arg1 solution 586:593 a 30% sugar solution 574:593 a 30% sugar solution 574:593 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 5 88 theme 30 905:906 arg1 % 907:907 % 907:907 % 907:907 The choice diet was provided either with all components ad libitum (AL), with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and a 30% sugar solution, but with access to saturated fat only during the light period (LF), or with ad libitum access to chow, tap water and saturated fat, but access to a 30% sugar solution only during the light period (LS). 25317718 9 89 theme gained 1282:1287 arg1 weight 1299:1304 gained most body weight 1282:1304 gained most body weight per ingested calorie 1282:1325 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 4 90 theme chow 525:528 arg1 libitum 516:522 chow ad libitum 508:522 chow ad libitum (chow group) 508:535 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 4 90 theme chow 525:528 arg1 group 530:534 chow group 525:534 chow group 525:534 Male Wistar rats were subjected to chow ad libitum (chow group) or a choice diet with saturated fat, a 30% sugar solution, chow and tap water. 25317718 8 91 theme choice 1113:1118 arg1 diet 1120:1123 a choice diet 1111:1123 a choice diet 1111:1123 All rats on a choice diet showed hyperphagia and gained more body weight compared to the chow group. 25317718 3 92 theme time-dependent 404:417 arg1 effect 419:424 a time-dependent effect 402:424 a time-dependent effect of the diet composition on energy homeostasis 402:470 In the present study, we therefore studied a time-dependent effect of the diet composition on energy homeostasis. 25317718 1 93 theme meal 185:188 arg1 composition 190:200 meal composition 185:200 meal composition 185:200 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 1 93 theme meal 185:188 arg1 timing 159:164 timing 159:164 timing of food intake 159:179 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 1 93 theme meal 185:188 arg1 determinants 206:217 determinants 206:217 determinants of body weight gain 206:237 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 1 94 theme intake 174:179 arg1 composition 190:200 meal composition 185:200 meal composition 185:200 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 1 94 theme intake 174:179 arg1 determinants 206:217 determinants 206:217 determinants of body weight gain 206:237 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 1 94 theme intake 174:179 arg1 timing 159:164 timing 159:164 timing of food intake 159:179 In addition to the amount of ingested calories, both timing of food intake and meal composition are determinants of body weight gain. 25317718 9 95 theme body 1294:1297 arg1 weight 1299:1304 gained most body weight 1282:1304 gained most body weight per ingested calorie 1282:1325 Within the choice diet groups, rats on the LS diet were most food efficient (i.e. gained most body weight per ingested calorie) and showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with an anti-phasic pattern, whereas no differences in locomotor activity or heat production were found. 25317718 10 96 theme food 1566:1569 arg1 efficiency 1571:1580 food efficiency 1566:1580 food efficiency 1566:1580 Collectively these data indicate that the timing of the diet composition affects food efficiency, most likely due to a shifted oxidation pattern, which can predispose for obesity. 24994776 9 0 theme 33148 1072:1076 arg1 19016 1087:1091  = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016 1064:1091  = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T) 1064:1094 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 9 0 theme 33148 1072:1076 arg1 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 6 1 theme strain 775:780 arg1 T 791:791 T 791:791 T 791:791 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) was 65.6 mol%. 24994776 6 1 theme strain 775:780 arg1 EBR4-1-2 782:789 strain EBR4-1-2 775:789 strain EBR4-1-2(T) 775:792 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) was 65.6 mol%. 24994776 9 2 theme  = JCM 1080:1085 arg1 19016 1087:1091  = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016 1064:1091  = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T) 1064:1094 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 9 2 theme  = JCM 1080:1085 arg1 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 2 3 attach isolated 221:228 arg2 actinobacterium 169:183 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium 93:183 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium 93:183 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 2 3 attach isolated 221:228 arg1 reactor 245:251 a biofilm reactor 235:251 a biofilm reactor in Korea 235:260 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 2 4 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 non-spore-forming 137:153 non-spore-forming 137:153 non-spore-forming 137:153 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 2 4 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 non-motile 125:134 non-motile 125:134 non-motile 125:134 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 2 4 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 aerobic 116:122 aerobic 116:122 aerobic 116:122 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 2 4 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 cocci-shaped 156:167 cocci-shaped 156:167 cocci-shaped 156:167 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 7 5 theme genus 941:945 arg1 Flaviflexus 947:957 the genus Flaviflexus 937:957 the genus Flaviflexus 937:957 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 4 6 theme R2A 525:527 arg1 agar 529:532 R2A agar 525:532 R2A agar 525:532 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 6 7 theme DNA 768:770 arg1 content 745:751 The G+C content 737:751 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) 737:792 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) was 65.6 mol%. 24994776 6 7 theme DNA 768:770 arg1 % 806:806 65.6 mol% 798:806 65.6 mol% 798:806 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) was 65.6 mol%. 24994776 6 8 theme genomic 760:766 arg1 DNA 768:770 the genomic DNA 756:770 the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) 756:792 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) was 65.6 mol%. 24994776 7 9 theme phenotypic 842:851 arg1 data 853:856 the combined genotypic and phenotypic data 815:856 the combined genotypic and phenotypic data 815:856 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 7 10 theme novel 920:924 arg1 species 926:932 a novel species 918:932 a novel species 918:932 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 1 11 theme biofilm 76:82 arg1 reactor 84:90 a biofilm reactor 74:90 a biofilm reactor 74:90 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a biofilm reactor. 24994776 0 12 theme salsibiostraticola 12:29 arg1 sp 31:32 Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp 0:32 Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 0:33 Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 0 13 theme Flaviflexus 0:10 arg1 sp 31:32 Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp 0:32 Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 0:33 Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 4 14 theme yellow 506:511 arg1 colonies 513:520 yellow colonies 506:520 yellow colonies 506:520 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 5 15 theme cell-wall 673:681 arg1 A5α 706:708 A5α 706:708 A5α (l-Lys-l-Ala-l-Lys-d-Glu) 706:734 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A5α (l-Lys-l-Ala-l-Lys-d-Glu). 24994776 5 15 theme cell-wall 673:681 arg1 type 697:700 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 669:700 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 669:700 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A5α (l-Lys-l-Ala-l-Lys-d-Glu). 24994776 3 16 theme Flaviflexus 411:421 arg1 T 440:440 T 440:440 T 440:440 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 3 16 theme Flaviflexus 411:421 arg1 H5 437:438 Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5 411:438 Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T) 411:441 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 3 17 theme class 357:361 arg1 Actinobacteria 363:376 the class Actinobacteria 353:376 the class Actinobacteria 353:376 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 1 18 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 actinobacterium 44:58 an actinobacterium 41:58 an actinobacterium isolated from a biofilm reactor 41:90 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a biofilm reactor. 24994776 1 18 attach isolated 60:67 arg1 reactor 84:90 a biofilm reactor 74:90 a biofilm reactor 74:90 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a biofilm reactor. 24994776 3 19 dep showed 306:311 arg1 related 387:393 related 387:393 related 387:393 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 3 19 dep showed 306:311 arg1 affiliated 337:346 affiliated 337:346 was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria 325:376 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 9 20 theme type 1036:1039 arg1 EBR4-1-2 1051:1058 EBR4-1-2 1051:1058 EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)) 1051:1095 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 9 20 theme type 1036:1039 arg1 strain 1041:1046 The type strain 1032:1046 The type strain 1032:1046 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 7 21 theme name 974:977 arg1 sp 1010:1011 the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp 970:1011 the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp 970:1011 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 6 22 theme mol 803:805 arg1 content 745:751 The G+C content 737:751 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) 737:792 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) was 65.6 mol%. 24994776 6 22 theme mol 803:805 arg1 % 806:806 65.6 mol% 798:806 65.6 mol% 798:806 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) was 65.6 mol%. 24994776 3 23 theme 16S 275:277 arg1 rRNA 279:282 Comparative 16S rRNA 263:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 263:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 2 24 theme strain 197:202 arg1 T 213:213 T 213:213 T 213:213 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 2 24 theme strain 197:202 arg1 EBR4-1-2 204:211 strain EBR4-1-2 197:211 strain EBR4-1-2(T) 197:214 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 5 25 theme peptidoglycan 683:695 arg1 A5α 706:708 A5α 706:708 A5α (l-Lys-l-Ala-l-Lys-d-Glu) 706:734 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A5α (l-Lys-l-Ala-l-Lys-d-Glu). 24994776 5 25 theme peptidoglycan 683:695 arg1 type 697:700 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 669:700 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 669:700 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A5α (l-Lys-l-Ala-l-Lys-d-Glu). 24994776 1 26 dep actinobacterium 44:58 arg1 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a biofilm reactor. 24994776 7 27 theme strain 888:893 arg1 EBR4-1-2 895:902 strain EBR4-1-2 888:902 strain EBR4-1-2(T) 888:905 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 7 27 theme strain 888:893 arg1 T 904:904 T 904:904 T 904:904 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 7 28 theme salsibiostraticola 991:1008 arg1 sp 1010:1011 the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp 970:1011 the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp 970:1011 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 2 29 from reactor 245:251 arg1 Korea 256:260 Korea 256:260 Korea 256:260 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 2 30 theme Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 actinobacterium 169:183 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium 93:183 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium 93:183 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 3 31 dep Flaviflexus 411:421 arg1 huanghaiensis 423:435 huanghaiensis 423:435 huanghaiensis 423:435 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 4 32 theme strain 480:485 arg1 T 496:496 T 496:496 T 496:496 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 32 theme strain 480:485 arg1 EBR4-1-2 487:494 strain EBR4-1-2 480:494 strain EBR4-1-2(T) 480:497 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 33 theme predominant 561:571 arg1 menaquinone 573:583 the predominant menaquinone 557:583 the predominant menaquinone 557:583 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 33 theme predominant 561:571 arg1 MK-9 545:548 MK-9 545:548 MK-9(H4) 545:552 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 7 34 theme Flaviflexus 947:957 arg1 species 926:932 a novel species 918:932 a novel species 918:932 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 4 35 theme EBR4-1-2 487:494 arg1 Cells 471:475 Cells 471:475 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) 471:497 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 3 36 theme sequence 289:296 arg1 studies 298:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 263:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 263:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 6 37 theme G+C 741:743 arg1 content 745:751 The G+C content 737:751 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) 737:792 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) was 65.6 mol%. 24994776 6 37 theme G+C 741:743 arg1 % 806:806 65.6 mol% 798:806 65.6 mol% 798:806 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) was 65.6 mol%. 24994776 3 38 theme % 457:457 arg1 similarity 459:468 98.9 % similarity 452:468 98.9 % similarity 452:468 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 9 39 theme T 1078:1078 arg1 19016 1087:1091  = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016 1064:1091  = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T) 1064:1094 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 9 39 theme T 1078:1078 arg1 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 3 40 theme Comparative 263:273 arg1 rRNA 279:282 Comparative 16S rRNA 263:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 263:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 7 41 theme genotypic 828:836 arg1 data 853:856 the combined genotypic and phenotypic data 815:856 the combined genotypic and phenotypic data 815:856 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 3 42 theme rRNA 279:282 arg1 studies 298:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 263:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 263:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 4 43 dep C18  599:602 arg1  0 616:617  0 616:617  0 616:617 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 43 dep C18  599:602 arg1 C16  611:614 C16  611:614 C16  611:614 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 44 theme fatty 656:660 arg1 acids 662:666 the major fatty acids 646:666 the major fatty acids 646:666 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 44 theme fatty 656:660 arg1 C14  635:638 C14  635:638 C14  635:638 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 44 theme fatty 656:660 arg1 C18  599:602 C18  599:602 C18  599:602 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 44 theme fatty 656:660 arg1 C16  620:623 C16  620:623 C16  620:623 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 45 contain contained 535:543 arg1 Cells 471:475 Cells 471:475 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) 471:497 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 45 contain contained 535:543 arg2 H4 550:551 H4 550:551 H4 550:551 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 45 contain contained 535:543 arg2 menaquinone 573:583 the predominant menaquinone 557:583 the predominant menaquinone 557:583 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 45 contain contained 535:543 arg2 MK-9 545:548 MK-9 545:548 MK-9(H4) 545:552 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 9 46 dep EBR4-1-2 1051:1058 arg1 19016 1087:1091  = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016 1064:1091  = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T) 1064:1094 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 9 46 dep EBR4-1-2 1051:1058 arg1 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 3 47 theme gene 284:287 arg1 studies 298:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 263:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 263:304 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 4 48 theme major 650:654 arg1 acids 662:666 the major fatty acids 646:666 the major fatty acids 646:666 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 48 theme major 650:654 arg1 C14  635:638 C14  635:638 C14  635:638 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 48 theme major 650:654 arg1 C18  599:602 C18  599:602 C18  599:602 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 4 48 theme major 650:654 arg1 C16  620:623 C16  620:623 C16  620:623 Cells of strain EBR4-1-2(T) formed yellow colonies on R2A agar, contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and included C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24994776 3 49 theme 98.9  452:456 arg1 % 457:457 % 457:457 % 457:457 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the isolate was clearly affiliated with the class Actinobacteria, and was related most closely to Flaviflexus huanghaiensis H5(T), showing 98.9 % similarity. 24994776 9 50 theme  = KCTC 1064:1070 arg1 19016 1087:1091  = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016 1064:1091  = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T) 1064:1094 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 9 50 theme  = KCTC 1064:1070 arg1 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 The type strain is EBR4-1-2(T) ( = KCTC 33148(T) = JCM 19016(T)). 24994776 2 51 theme biofilm 237:243 arg1 reactor 245:251 a biofilm reactor 235:251 a biofilm reactor in Korea 235:260 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain EBR4-1-2(T), was isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. 24994776 7 52 theme combined 819:826 arg1 data 853:856 the combined genotypic and phenotypic data 815:856 the combined genotypic and phenotypic data 815:856 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 24994776 6 53 theme EBR4-1-2 782:789 arg1 DNA 768:770 the genomic DNA 756:770 the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) 756:792 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EBR4-1-2(T) was 65.6 mol%. 24994776 7 54 theme Flaviflexus 979:989 arg1 sp 1010:1011 the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp 970:1011 the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp 970:1011 Thus, the combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain EBR4-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus salsibiostraticola sp. 28940087 2 0 theme bacterial 389:397 arg1 CBD 432:434 CBD 432:434 CBD 432:434 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 2 0 theme bacterial 389:397 arg1 domain 424:429 a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain 387:429 a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) 387:435 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 5 1 theme largest 942:948 arg1 improvement 950:960 the largest improvement 938:960 the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency 938:1001 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 4 2 theme Transgenic 716:725 arg1 plants 727:732 Transgenic plants 716:732 Transgenic plants expressing the Lac-CBD chimeric gene 716:769 Transgenic plants expressing the Lac-CBD chimeric gene showed normal morphology and growth, and showed a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency compared to control plants. 28940087 0 3 theme enzymatic 92:100 arg1 efficiency 119:128 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency 88:128 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana 88:189 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 5 4 theme cell 1061:1064 arg1 fractions 1071:1079 their cell wall fractions 1055:1079 their cell wall fractions 1055:1079 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 4 5 theme normal 778:783 arg1 morphology 785:794 normal morphology 778:794 normal morphology 778:794 Transgenic plants expressing the Lac-CBD chimeric gene showed normal morphology and growth, and showed a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency compared to control plants. 28940087 6 6 theme cellulose 1271:1279 arg1 crystallinity 1254:1266 the crystallinity 1250:1266 the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall 1250:1296 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 5 7 theme efficiency 992:1001 arg1 improvement 950:960 the largest improvement 938:960 the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency 938:1001 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 5 8 theme crystalline 1030:1040 arg1 cellulose 1042:1050 crystalline cellulose 1030:1050 crystalline cellulose 1030:1050 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 4 9 theme Lac-CBD 749:755 arg1 gene 766:769 the Lac-CBD chimeric gene 745:769 the Lac-CBD chimeric gene 745:769 Transgenic plants expressing the Lac-CBD chimeric gene showed normal morphology and growth, and showed a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency compared to control plants. 28940087 3 10 theme fused 557:561 arg1 enzyme 572:577 fused chimeric enzyme 557:577 fused chimeric enzyme 557:577 In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 5 11 theme saccharification 975:990 arg1 efficiency 992:1001 enzymatic saccharification efficiency 965:1001 enzymatic saccharification efficiency 965:1001 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 0 12 theme saccharification 102:117 arg1 efficiency 119:128 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency 88:128 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana 88:189 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 6 13 from expression 1111:1120 arg1 plants 1172:1177 dicotyledonous plants 1157:1177 dicotyledonous plants 1157:1177 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 3 14 theme chimeric 563:570 arg1 enzyme 572:577 fused chimeric enzyme 557:577 fused chimeric enzyme 557:577 In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 6 15 theme dicotyledonous 1157:1170 arg1 plants 1172:1177 dicotyledonous plants 1157:1177 dicotyledonous plants 1157:1177 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 6 16 theme protein 1146:1152 arg1 expression 1111:1120 expression 1111:1120 expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants 1111:1177 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 2 17 theme plants 496:501 arg1 efficiency 477:486 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency 446:486 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants 446:501 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 5 18 with plants 926:931 arg1 improvement 950:960 the largest improvement 938:960 the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency 938:1001 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 5 19 theme transgenic 915:924 arg1 plants 926:931 The transgenic plants 911:931 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency 911:1001 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 2 20 theme rice 491:494 arg1 plants 496:501 rice plants 491:501 rice plants 491:501 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 3 21 dep thaliana 706:713 arg1 Arabidopsis 694:704 a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana 673:713 Arabidopsis 694:704 In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 4 22 theme control 895:901 arg1 plants 903:908 control plants 895:908 control plants 895:908 Transgenic plants expressing the Lac-CBD chimeric gene showed normal morphology and growth, and showed a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency compared to control plants. 28940087 2 23 theme laccase 362:368 arg1 expression 339:348 the expression 335:348 the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) 335:435 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 6 24 theme Lac-CBD 1129:1135 arg1 protein 1146:1152 the Lac-CBD chimeric protein 1125:1152 the Lac-CBD chimeric protein 1125:1152 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 0 25 theme fungal 16:21 arg1 laccase 23:29 a fungal laccase 14:29 a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module 14:77 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 6 26 theme cell 1288:1291 arg1 wall 1293:1296 the cell wall 1284:1296 the cell wall 1284:1296 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 0 27 theme lignocellulose 133:146 arg1 biomass 148:154 lignocellulose biomass 133:154 lignocellulose biomass 133:154 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 4 28 theme saccharification 855:870 arg1 efficiency 872:881 enzymatic saccharification efficiency 845:881 enzymatic saccharification efficiency 845:881 Transgenic plants expressing the Lac-CBD chimeric gene showed normal morphology and growth, and showed a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency compared to control plants. 28940087 2 29 theme fungal 355:360 arg1 Lac 371:373 Lac 371:373 Lac 371:373 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 2 29 theme fungal 355:360 arg1 laccase 362:368 a fungal laccase 353:368 a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) 353:435 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 2 30 theme saccharification 460:475 arg1 efficiency 477:486 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency 446:486 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants 446:501 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 6 31 theme enzymatic 1192:1200 arg1 saccharification 1202:1217 the enzymatic saccharification 1188:1217 the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass 1188:1234 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 5 32 theme cellulose 1042:1050 arg1 increase 1018:1025 an increase 1015:1025 an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions 1015:1079 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 3 33 theme saccharification 590:605 arg1 efficiency 607:616 saccharification efficiency 590:616 saccharification efficiency 590:616 In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 2 34 theme enzymatic 450:458 arg1 efficiency 477:486 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency 446:486 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants 446:501 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 6 35 from crystallinity 1254:1266 arg1 wall 1293:1296 the cell wall 1284:1296 the cell wall 1284:1296 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 3 36 theme dicot 675:679 arg1 thaliana 706:713 a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana 673:713 thaliana 706:713 In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 4 37 theme enzymatic 845:853 arg1 efficiency 872:881 enzymatic saccharification efficiency 845:881 enzymatic saccharification efficiency 845:881 Transgenic plants expressing the Lac-CBD chimeric gene showed normal morphology and growth, and showed a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency compared to control plants. 28940087 1 38 theme saccharification 239:254 arg1 efficiency 256:265 the saccharification efficiency 235:265 the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass materials 235:302 Delignification is effective for improving the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass materials. 28940087 0 39 theme laccase 23:29 arg1 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module 0:77 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 0 40 theme biomass 148:154 arg1 efficiency 119:128 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency 88:128 the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana 88:189 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 6 41 theme chimeric 1137:1144 arg1 protein 1146:1152 the Lac-CBD chimeric protein 1125:1152 the Lac-CBD chimeric protein 1125:1152 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 0 42 theme Arabidopsis 170:180 arg1 thaliana 182:189 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana 159:189 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana 159:189 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 4 43 theme efficiency 872:881 arg1 increase 833:840 a significant increase 819:840 a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency 819:881 Transgenic plants expressing the Lac-CBD chimeric gene showed normal morphology and growth, and showed a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency compared to control plants. 28940087 6 44 theme plant 1222:1226 arg1 biomass 1228:1234 plant biomass 1222:1234 plant biomass 1222:1234 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 0 45 theme transgenic 159:168 arg1 thaliana 182:189 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana 159:189 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana 159:189 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 0 46 from efficiency 119:128 arg1 thaliana 182:189 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana 159:189 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana 159:189 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 3 47 theme dicot 623:627 arg1 plant 629:633 a dicot plant 621:633 a dicot plant 621:633 In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 5 48 theme enzymatic 965:973 arg1 efficiency 992:1001 enzymatic saccharification efficiency 965:1001 enzymatic saccharification efficiency 965:1001 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 4 49 theme chimeric 757:764 arg1 gene 766:769 the Lac-CBD chimeric gene 745:769 the Lac-CBD chimeric gene 745:769 Transgenic plants expressing the Lac-CBD chimeric gene showed normal morphology and growth, and showed a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency compared to control plants. 28940087 5 50 from increase 1018:1025 arg1 fractions 1071:1079 their cell wall fractions 1055:1079 their cell wall fractions 1055:1079 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 3 51 theme model 681:685 arg1 thaliana 706:713 a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana 673:713 thaliana 706:713 In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 3 52 theme chimeric 654:661 arg1 gene 663:666 the chimeric gene 650:666 the chimeric gene 650:666 In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 3 53 theme Lac-CBD 549:555 arg1 ability 534:540 the ability 530:540 the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant 530:633 In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 1 54 theme lignocellulosic 270:284 arg1 materials 294:302 lignocellulosic biomass materials 270:302 lignocellulosic biomass materials 270:302 Delignification is effective for improving the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass materials. 28940087 0 55 theme cellulose-binding 54:70 arg1 module 72:77 a bacterial cellulose-binding module 42:77 a bacterial cellulose-binding module 42:77 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 3 56 theme plant 687:691 arg1 thaliana 706:713 a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana 673:713 thaliana 706:713 In this work, to evaluate the ability of the Lac-CBD fused chimeric enzyme to improve saccharification efficiency in a dicot plant, we introduced the chimeric gene into a dicot model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 5 57 theme wall 1066:1069 arg1 fractions 1071:1079 their cell wall fractions 1055:1079 their cell wall fractions 1055:1079 The transgenic plants with the largest improvement of enzymatic saccharification efficiency also showed an increase of crystalline cellulose in their cell wall fractions. 28940087 2 58 theme module 417:422 arg1 CBD 432:434 CBD 432:434 CBD 432:434 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 2 58 theme module 417:422 arg1 domain 424:429 a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain 387:429 a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) 387:435 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 1 59 theme biomass 286:292 arg1 materials 294:302 lignocellulosic biomass materials 270:302 lignocellulosic biomass materials 270:302 Delignification is effective for improving the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass materials. 28940087 0 60 theme bacterial 44:52 arg1 module 72:77 a bacterial cellulose-binding module 42:77 a bacterial cellulose-binding module 42:77 Expression of a fungal laccase fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module improves the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. 28940087 6 61 theme biomass 1228:1234 arg1 saccharification 1202:1217 the enzymatic saccharification 1188:1217 the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass 1188:1234 These results indicated that expression of the Lac-CBD chimeric protein in dicotyledonous plants improved the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass by increasing the crystallinity of cellulose in the cell wall. 28940087 4 62 theme significant 821:831 arg1 increase 833:840 a significant increase 819:840 a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency 819:881 Transgenic plants expressing the Lac-CBD chimeric gene showed normal morphology and growth, and showed a significant increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency compared to control plants. 28940087 2 63 theme cellulose-binding 399:415 arg1 CBD 432:434 CBD 432:434 CBD 432:434 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 2 63 theme cellulose-binding 399:415 arg1 domain 424:429 a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain 387:429 a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) 387:435 We previously identified that the expression of a fungal laccase (Lac) fused with a bacterial cellulose-binding module domain (CBD) improved the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice plants. 28940087 1 64 theme materials 294:302 arg1 efficiency 256:265 the saccharification efficiency 235:265 the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass materials 235:302 Delignification is effective for improving the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass materials. 27666312 7 0 theme β-glucosidase 1114:1126 arg1 reduction 1048:1056 reduction 1048:1056 reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities 1048:1148 Strain JZ16T was positive for reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. 27666312 4 1 theme characteristics 514:528 arg1 Determination 482:494 Determination 482:494 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics 482:528 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 2 theme oleic 539:543 arg1 acid 626:629 hexadecanoic acid 613:629 hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 613:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 2 theme oleic 539:543 arg1 acid 590:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 2 theme oleic 539:543 arg1 amounts 650:656 minor amounts 644:656 minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 644:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 2 theme oleic 539:543 arg1 acid 545:548 oleic acid 539:548 oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) 539:563 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 2 theme oleic 539:543 arg1 amounts 602:608 major amounts 596:608 major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 596:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 2 theme oleic 539:543 arg1 acid 675:678 heptadecanoic acid 661:678 heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 661:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 3 3 theme DSM 470:472 arg1 20147T 474:479 Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 445:479 Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 445:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 9 4 theme phylogenetic 1288:1299 arg1 analyses 1332:1339 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1288:1339 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1288:1339 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses enabled the differentiation of the isolated strain from other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 6 5 with agreement 957:965 arg1 description 976:986 the description 972:986 the description of the genus Corynebacterium 972:1015 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 12 6 theme 100882T=CCUG 1638:1649 arg1 29813T 1662:1667 =DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T 1633:1667 =DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T 1633:1667 The type strain is JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T). 27666312 12 6 theme 100882T=CCUG 1638:1649 arg1 JZ16T 1626:1630 JZ16T 1626:1630 JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T) 1626:1668 The type strain is JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T). 27666312 6 7 dep menaquinones 770:781 arg1 H2 801:802 H2 801:802 H2 801:802 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 6 7 dep menaquinones 770:781 arg1 H2 788:789 H2 788:789 H2 788:789 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 6 7 dep menaquinones 770:781 arg1 MK-9 796:799 MK-9 796:799 MK-9 796:799 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 6 7 dep menaquinones 770:781 arg1 MK-8 783:786 MK-8 783:786 MK-8 783:786 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 6 7 dep menaquinones 770:781 arg1 menaquinones 770:781 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) 766:803 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) 766:803 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 3 8 theme Corynebacterium 445:459 arg1 20147T 474:479 Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 445:479 Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 445:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 9 9 theme phenotypic 1302:1311 arg1 analyses 1332:1339 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1288:1339 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1288:1339 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses enabled the differentiation of the isolated strain from other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 12 10 theme type 1611:1614 arg1 JZ16T 1626:1630 JZ16T 1626:1630 JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T) 1626:1668 The type strain is JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T). 27666312 12 10 theme type 1611:1614 arg1 strain 1616:1621 The type strain 1607:1621 The type strain 1607:1621 The type strain is JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T). 27666312 4 11 theme fatty 584:588 arg1 acid 626:629 hexadecanoic acid 613:629 hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 613:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 11 theme fatty 584:588 arg1 acid 590:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 11 theme fatty 584:588 arg1 amounts 650:656 minor amounts 644:656 minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 644:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 11 theme fatty 584:588 arg1 acid 545:548 oleic acid 539:548 oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) 539:563 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 11 theme fatty 584:588 arg1 amounts 602:608 major amounts 596:608 major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 596:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 11 theme fatty 584:588 arg1 acid 675:678 heptadecanoic acid 661:678 heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 661:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 9 12 theme chemotaxonomic 1317:1330 arg1 analyses 1332:1339 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1288:1339 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1288:1339 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses enabled the differentiation of the isolated strain from other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 3 13 theme rRNA 215:218 arg1 sequence 225:232 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 207:232 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 207:247 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 10 14 theme strain 1468:1473 arg1 JZ16T 1475:1479 strain JZ16T 1468:1479 strain JZ16T 1468:1479 Therefore, strain JZ16T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 27666312 4 15 theme hexadecanoic 613:624 arg1 acid 626:629 hexadecanoic acid 613:629 hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 613:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 10 16 theme novel 1494:1498 arg1 species 1500:1506 a novel species 1492:1506 a novel species 1492:1506 Therefore, strain JZ16T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 27666312 9 17 theme strain 1385:1390 arg1 differentiation 1353:1367 the differentiation 1349:1367 the differentiation of the isolated strain 1349:1390 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses enabled the differentiation of the isolated strain from other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 2 18 theme farm 190:193 arg1 tank 174:177 the bulk tank 165:177 the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany 165:204 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 9 19 theme other 1397:1401 arg1 species 1419:1425 other closely related species 1397:1425 other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium 1397:1454 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses enabled the differentiation of the isolated strain from other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 9 20 theme related 1411:1417 arg1 species 1419:1425 other closely related species 1397:1425 other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium 1397:1454 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses enabled the differentiation of the isolated strain from other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 2 21 dep Gram-stain-positive 70:88 arg1 rod-shaped 91:100 rod-shaped 91:100 rod-shaped 91:100 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 4 22 theme minor 644:648 arg1 acid 626:629 hexadecanoic acid 613:629 hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 613:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 22 theme minor 644:648 arg1 acid 590:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 22 theme minor 644:648 arg1 amounts 650:656 minor amounts 644:656 minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 644:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 22 theme minor 644:648 arg1 acid 545:548 oleic acid 539:548 oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) 539:563 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 22 theme minor 644:648 arg1 amounts 602:608 major amounts 596:608 major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 596:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 22 theme minor 644:648 arg1 acid 675:678 heptadecanoic acid 661:678 heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 661:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 23 dep 16  632:634 arg1  0 636:637  0 636:637 16 : 0 632:637 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 3 24 dep Corynebacterium 314:328 arg1 glutamicum 330:339 glutamicum 330:339 glutamicum 330:339 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 3 25 theme Corynebacterium 380:394 arg1 GIMN1.010T 404:413 Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T 380:413 Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T 380:413 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 3 26 theme type 302:305 arg1 13032T 346:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 10 27 theme Corynebacterium 1521:1535 arg1 species 1500:1506 a novel species 1492:1506 a novel species 1492:1506 Therefore, strain JZ16T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 27666312 0 28 theme Corynebacterium 0:14 arg1 sp 28:29 Corynebacterium crudilactis sp 0:29 Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 0:30 Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 27666312 4 29 dep acid 626:629 arg1 16  632:634 16  632:634 16 : 0 632:637 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 3 30 theme nearest 286:292 arg1 13032T 346:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 10 31 theme Corynebacterium 1557:1571 arg1 sp 1585:1586 the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp 1548:1586 the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp 1548:1586 Therefore, strain JZ16T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 27666312 3 32 theme ATCC 341:344 arg1 13032T 346:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 5 33 theme acetyl 712:717 arg1 type 719:722 an acetyl type 709:722 an acetyl type of peptidoglycan and corynemycolic acids 709:763 The isolate showed an acetyl type of peptidoglycan and corynemycolic acids. 27666312 6 34 theme phosphatidylinositol 898:917 arg1 mannoside 919:927 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 898:927 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 898:927 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 6 34 theme phosphatidylinositol 898:917 arg1 phospholipids 813:825 the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 809:927 the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 809:927 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 3 35 theme Corynebacterium 314:328 arg1 13032T 346:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 7 36 dep nitrate 1061:1067 arg1 nitrite 1072:1078 nitrite 1072:1078 nitrite 1072:1078 Strain JZ16T was positive for reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. 27666312 7 36 dep nitrate 1061:1067 arg1 to 1069:1070 to 1069:1070 to 1069:1070 Strain JZ16T was positive for reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. 27666312 7 37 theme Strain 1018:1023 arg1 JZ16T 1025:1029 Strain JZ16T 1018:1029 Strain JZ16T 1018:1029 Strain JZ16T was positive for reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. 27666312 6 38 theme genus 995:999 arg1 Corynebacterium 1001:1015 the genus Corynebacterium 991:1015 the genus Corynebacterium 991:1015 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 4 39 theme acid 675:678 arg1 acid 626:629 hexadecanoic acid 613:629 hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 613:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 39 theme acid 675:678 arg1 acid 590:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 39 theme acid 675:678 arg1 amounts 650:656 minor amounts 644:656 minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 644:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 39 theme acid 675:678 arg1 acid 545:548 oleic acid 539:548 oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) 539:563 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 39 theme acid 675:678 arg1 amounts 602:608 major amounts 596:608 major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 596:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 39 theme acid 675:678 arg1 acid 675:678 heptadecanoic acid 661:678 heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 661:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 5 40 theme corynemycolic 745:757 arg1 acids 759:763 corynemycolic acids 745:763 corynemycolic acids 745:763 The isolate showed an acetyl type of peptidoglycan and corynemycolic acids. 27666312 3 41 dep Corynebacterium 380:394 arg1 deserti 396:402 deserti 396:402 deserti 396:402 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 7 42 theme activities 1139:1148 arg1 reduction 1048:1056 reduction 1048:1056 reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities 1048:1148 Strain JZ16T was positive for reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. 27666312 12 43 theme =DSM 1633:1636 arg1 29813T 1662:1667 =DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T 1633:1667 =DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T 1633:1667 The type strain is JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T). 27666312 12 43 theme =DSM 1633:1636 arg1 JZ16T 1626:1630 JZ16T 1626:1630 JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T) 1626:1668 The type strain is JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T). 27666312 4 44 theme chemotaxonomic 499:512 arg1 characteristics 514:528 chemotaxonomic characteristics 499:528 chemotaxonomic characteristics 499:528 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 3 45 theme callunae 461:468 arg1 20147T 474:479 Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 445:479 Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 445:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 12 46 theme 69192T=LMG 1651:1660 arg1 29813T 1662:1667 =DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T 1633:1667 =DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T 1633:1667 The type strain is JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T). 27666312 12 46 theme 69192T=LMG 1651:1660 arg1 JZ16T 1626:1630 JZ16T 1626:1630 JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T) 1626:1668 The type strain is JZ16T (=DSM 100882T=CCUG 69192T=LMG 29813T). 27666312 4 47 dep 17  681:683 arg1  0 685:686  0 685:686 17 : 0 681:686 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 48 dep acid 675:678 arg1 17  681:683 17  681:683 17 : 0 681:686 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 49 theme predominant 572:582 arg1 acid 626:629 hexadecanoic acid 613:629 hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 613:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 49 theme predominant 572:582 arg1 acid 590:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 49 theme predominant 572:582 arg1 amounts 650:656 minor amounts 644:656 minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 644:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 49 theme predominant 572:582 arg1 acid 545:548 oleic acid 539:548 oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) 539:563 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 49 theme predominant 572:582 arg1 amounts 602:608 major amounts 596:608 major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 596:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 49 theme predominant 572:582 arg1 acid 675:678 heptadecanoic acid 661:678 heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 661:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 9 50 theme analyses 1332:1339 arg1 results 1277:1283 The results 1273:1283 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1273:1339 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses enabled the differentiation of the isolated strain from other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 3 51 theme gene 220:223 arg1 sequence 225:232 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 207:232 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 207:247 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 4 52 theme  1 555:556 arg1 cis 558:560  1 cis 9 555:562 18 : 1 cis 9 551:562 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 2 53 attach isolated 131:138 arg1 milk 155:158 raw cow's milk 145:158 raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany 145:204 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 2 53 attach isolated 131:138 arg2 bacterium 102:110 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 68:110 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) 68:125 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 2 53 attach isolated 131:138 arg2 JZ16T 120:124 strain JZ16T 113:124 strain JZ16T 113:124 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 2 54 theme dairy 184:188 arg1 farm 190:193 a dairy farm 182:193 a dairy farm in Germany 182:204 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 5 55 theme peptidoglycan 727:739 arg1 type 719:722 an acetyl type 709:722 an acetyl type of peptidoglycan and corynemycolic acids 709:763 The isolate showed an acetyl type of peptidoglycan and corynemycolic acids. 27666312 3 56 theme 16S 211:213 arg1 rRNA 215:218 The 16S rRNA 207:218 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 207:247 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 2 57 theme Gram-stain-positive 70:88 arg1 bacterium 102:110 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 68:110 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) 68:125 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 2 57 theme Gram-stain-positive 70:88 arg1 JZ16T 120:124 strain JZ16T 113:124 strain JZ16T 113:124 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 3 58 theme isolate 241:247 arg1 sequence 225:232 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 207:232 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 207:247 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 4 59 dep 18  551:553 arg1 cis 558:560  1 cis 9 555:562 18 : 1 cis 9 551:562 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 9 60 theme isolated 1376:1383 arg1 strain 1385:1390 the isolated strain 1372:1390 the isolated strain 1372:1390 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses enabled the differentiation of the isolated strain from other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 4 61 theme acid 626:629 arg1 acid 626:629 hexadecanoic acid 613:629 hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 613:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 61 theme acid 626:629 arg1 acid 590:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 61 theme acid 626:629 arg1 amounts 650:656 minor amounts 644:656 minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 644:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 61 theme acid 626:629 arg1 acid 545:548 oleic acid 539:548 oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) 539:563 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 61 theme acid 626:629 arg1 amounts 602:608 major amounts 596:608 major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 596:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 61 theme acid 626:629 arg1 acid 675:678 heptadecanoic acid 661:678 heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 661:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 7 62 theme β-glucuronidase 1097:1111 arg1 reduction 1048:1056 reduction 1048:1056 reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities 1048:1148 Strain JZ16T was positive for reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. 27666312 4 63 dep acid 545:548 arg1 18  551:553 18  551:553 18 : 1 cis 9 551:562 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 6 64 dep phospholipids 813:825 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 827:848 diphosphatidylglycerol 827:848 diphosphatidylglycerol 827:848 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 6 64 dep phospholipids 813:825 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 873:892 phosphatidylinositol 873:892 phosphatidylinositol 873:892 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 6 64 dep phospholipids 813:825 arg1 mannoside 919:927 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 898:927 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 898:927 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 6 64 dep phospholipids 813:825 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 851:870 phosphatidylglycerol 851:870 phosphatidylglycerol 851:870 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 6 64 dep phospholipids 813:825 arg1 phospholipids 813:825 the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 809:927 the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 809:927 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 7 65 theme pyrazinamidase 1081:1094 arg1 reduction 1048:1056 reduction 1048:1056 reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities 1048:1148 Strain JZ16T was positive for reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. 27666312 5 66 theme acids 759:763 arg1 type 719:722 an acetyl type 709:722 an acetyl type of peptidoglycan and corynemycolic acids 709:763 The isolate showed an acetyl type of peptidoglycan and corynemycolic acids. 27666312 4 67 theme major 596:600 arg1 acid 626:629 hexadecanoic acid 613:629 hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 613:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 67 theme major 596:600 arg1 acid 590:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 the predominant fatty acid 568:593 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 67 theme major 596:600 arg1 amounts 650:656 minor amounts 644:656 minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 644:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 67 theme major 596:600 arg1 acid 545:548 oleic acid 539:548 oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) 539:563 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 67 theme major 596:600 arg1 amounts 602:608 major amounts 596:608 major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) 596:638 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 4 67 theme major 596:600 arg1 acid 675:678 heptadecanoic acid 661:678 heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 661:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 1 68 theme raw 52:54 arg1 cow 56:58 raw cow's 52:60 raw cow's milk 52:65 nov., isolated from raw cow's milk. 27666312 7 69 theme nitrate 1061:1067 arg1 reduction 1048:1056 reduction 1048:1056 reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities 1048:1148 Strain JZ16T was positive for reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. 27666312 2 70 from tank 174:177 arg1 Germany 198:204 Germany 198:204 Germany 198:204 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 2 70 from tank 174:177 arg1 milk 155:158 raw cow's milk 145:158 raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany 145:204 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 3 71 theme % 277:277 arg1 similarity 258:267 a similarity 256:267 a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 256:351 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 3 71 theme % 277:277 arg1 similarity 356:365 a similarity 354:365 a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T 354:413 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 3 71 theme % 277:277 arg1 similarity 421:430 a similarity 419:430 a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 419:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 0 72 theme crudilactis 16:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Corynebacterium crudilactis sp 0:29 Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 0:30 Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 27666312 9 73 theme Corynebacterium 1440:1454 arg1 species 1419:1425 other closely related species 1397:1425 other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium 1397:1454 The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses enabled the differentiation of the isolated strain from other closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 3 74 theme strain 307:312 arg1 13032T 346:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 10 75 theme genus 1515:1519 arg1 Corynebacterium 1521:1535 the genus Corynebacterium 1511:1535 the genus Corynebacterium 1511:1535 Therefore, strain JZ16T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 27666312 2 76 from farm 190:193 arg1 Germany 198:204 Germany 198:204 Germany 198:204 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 3 77 theme related 294:300 arg1 13032T 346:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 282:351 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 10 78 theme name 1552:1555 arg1 sp 1585:1586 the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp 1548:1586 the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp 1548:1586 Therefore, strain JZ16T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 27666312 2 79 from Germany 198:204 arg1 tank 174:177 the bulk tank 165:177 the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany 165:204 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 2 80 theme raw 145:147 arg1 cow 149:151 raw cow's 145:153 raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany 145:204 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 3 81 theme % 375:375 arg1 similarity 258:267 a similarity 256:267 a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 256:351 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 3 81 theme % 375:375 arg1 similarity 356:365 a similarity 354:365 a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T 354:413 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 3 81 theme % 375:375 arg1 similarity 421:430 a similarity 419:430 a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 419:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 6 82 theme Corynebacterium 1001:1015 arg1 description 976:986 the description 972:986 the description of the genus Corynebacterium 972:1015 The menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) and the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected, which was in agreement with the description of the genus Corynebacterium. 27666312 2 83 theme bulk 169:172 arg1 tank 174:177 the bulk tank 165:177 the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany 165:204 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 4 84 theme heptadecanoic 661:673 arg1 acid 675:678 heptadecanoic acid 661:678 heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0) 661:687 Determination of chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed oleic acid (18 : 1 cis 9) as the predominant fatty acid, major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16 : 0) and minor amounts of heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0). 27666312 10 85 theme crudilactis 1573:1583 arg1 sp 1585:1586 the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp 1548:1586 the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp 1548:1586 Therefore, strain JZ16T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium crudilactis sp. 27666312 7 86 theme urease 1132:1137 arg1 activities 1139:1148 urease activities 1132:1148 urease activities 1132:1148 Strain JZ16T was positive for reduction of nitrate to nitrite, pyrazinamidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. 27666312 2 87 theme strain 113:118 arg1 bacterium 102:110 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium 68:110 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) 68:125 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 2 87 theme strain 113:118 arg1 JZ16T 120:124 strain JZ16T 113:124 strain JZ16T 113:124 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JZ16T) was isolated from raw cow's milk from the bulk tank of a dairy farm in Germany. 27666312 3 88 theme % 440:440 arg1 similarity 258:267 a similarity 256:267 a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T 256:351 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 3 88 theme % 440:440 arg1 similarity 356:365 a similarity 354:365 a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T 354:413 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27666312 3 88 theme % 440:440 arg1 similarity 421:430 a similarity 419:430 a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T 419:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed a similarity of 98.3 % to the nearest related type strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T, a similarity of 97.6 % to Corynebacterium deserti GIMN1.010T and a similarity of 97.4 % to Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147T. 27620694 4 0 theme glutamic 485:492 arg1 acid 494:497 glutamic acid 485:497 glutamic acid 485:497 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 6 1 dep C18  608:611 arg1  1ω9c 613:617  1ω9c 613:617 C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 608:676 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 6 1 dep C18  608:611 arg1  0 675:676  0 675:676 C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 608:676 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 6 1 dep C18  608:611 arg1 anteiso-C17  662:673 anteiso-C17  662:673 anteiso-C17  662:673 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 6 1 dep C18  608:611 arg1 components 626:635 minor components 620:635 C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 608:676 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 6 1 dep C18  608:611 arg1  0 655:656  0 655:656  0 655:656 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 6 2 theme minor 620:624 arg1 components 626:635 minor components 620:635 C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 608:676 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 3 3 theme catalase-positive 298:314 arg1 cells 241:245 The cells 237:245 The cells 237:245 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 3 3 theme catalase-positive 298:314 arg1 rods 323:326 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods 252:326 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods 252:326 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 9 4 theme strain 1173:1178 arg1 SDT 1180:1182 strain SDT 1173:1182 strain SDT 1173:1182 Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 8 5 theme rRNA 810:813 arg1 analysis 829:836 the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 790:836 the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 790:836 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 9 6 theme genus 1218:1222 arg1 Patulibacter 1224:1235 the genus Patulibacter 1214:1235 the genus Patulibacter 1214:1235 Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 9 7 theme combined 1102:1109 arg1 characteristics 1136:1150 combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1102:1150 combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1102:1150 Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 1 8 theme rhizosphere 47:57 arg1 soil 59:62 rhizosphere soil 47:62 rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) 47:103 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris). 27620694 8 9 theme DSM 925:927 arg1 % 942:942 96.9 % 937:942 96.9 % 937:942 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 9 theme DSM 925:927 arg1 neighbours 864:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 839:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT 839:887 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 9 theme DSM 925:927 arg1 25962T 929:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T 894:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %) 894:943 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 3 10 theme white 339:343 arg1 colonies 345:352 white colonies 339:352 white colonies on trypticase soy agar 339:375 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 3 11 from colonies 345:352 arg1 agar 372:375 trypticase soy agar 357:375 trypticase soy agar 357:375 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 4 12 theme cell-wall 382:390 arg1 peptidoglycan 392:404 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 378:404 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 378:404 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 0 13 theme Patulibacter 0:11 arg1 sp 23:24 Patulibacter brassicae sp 0:24 Patulibacter brassicae sp. 0:25 Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 8 14 theme sequence 820:827 arg1 analysis 829:836 the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 790:836 the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 790:836 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 15 theme ginsengiterrae 1054:1067 arg1 25990T 1073:1078 Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T 1041:1078 Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %) 1041:1087 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 15 theme ginsengiterrae 1054:1067 arg1 % 1086:1086 95.9 % 1081:1086 95.9 % 1081:1086 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 16 theme gene 815:818 arg1 analysis 829:836 the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 790:836 the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 790:836 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 2 17 from soil 184:187 arg1 China 230:234 China 230:234 China 230:234 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SDT, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China. 27620694 9 18 theme novel 1197:1201 arg1 species 1203:1209 a novel species 1195:1209 a novel species 1195:1209 Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 8 19 theme Patulibacter 946:957 arg1 18081T 976:981 Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T 946:981 Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %) 946:990 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 19 theme Patulibacter 946:957 arg1 % 989:989 96.7 % 984:989 96.7 % 984:989 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 1 20 theme Chinese 67:73 arg1 Brassica 84:91 Brassica 84:91 Brassica 84:91 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris). 27620694 1 20 theme Chinese 67:73 arg1 cabbage 75:81 Chinese cabbage 67:81 Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) 67:103 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris). 27620694 11 21 theme =CICC 1326:1330 arg1 39817T 1344:1349 =CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T 1326:1349 =CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T 1326:1349 The type strain is SDT (=CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T). 27620694 11 21 theme =CICC 1326:1330 arg1 SDT 1321:1323 SDT 1321:1323 SDT (=CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T) 1321:1350 The type strain is SDT (=CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T). 27620694 0 22 theme brassicae 13:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Patulibacter brassicae sp 0:24 Patulibacter brassicae sp. 0:25 Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 2 23 theme actinobacterial 114:128 arg1 strain 130:135 A novel actinobacterial strain 106:135 A novel actinobacterial strain 106:135 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SDT, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China. 27620694 8 24 theme americanus 1006:1015 arg1 16676T 1021:1026 Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T 993:1026 Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) 993:1035 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 24 theme americanus 1006:1015 arg1 % 1034:1034 96.2 % 1029:1034 96.2 % 1029:1034 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 1 25 theme cabbage 75:81 arg1 soil 59:62 rhizosphere soil 47:62 rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) 47:103 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris). 27620694 11 26 theme 24108T=KCTC 1332:1342 arg1 39817T 1344:1349 =CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T 1326:1349 =CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T 1326:1349 The type strain is SDT (=CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T). 27620694 11 26 theme 24108T=KCTC 1332:1342 arg1 SDT 1321:1323 SDT 1321:1323 SDT (=CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T) 1321:1350 The type strain is SDT (=CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T). 27620694 3 27 theme soy 368:370 arg1 agar 372:375 trypticase soy agar 357:375 trypticase soy agar 357:375 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 7 28 theme 72.7 770:773 arg1 mol 775:777 mol 775:777 mol 775:777 The only isoprenoid quinone was demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. 27620694 8 29 theme Patulibacter 993:1004 arg1 16676T 1021:1026 Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T 993:1026 Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) 993:1035 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 29 theme Patulibacter 993:1004 arg1 % 1034:1034 96.2 % 1029:1034 96.2 % 1029:1034 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 30 theme DSM 972:974 arg1 18081T 976:981 Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T 946:981 Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %) 946:990 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 30 theme DSM 972:974 arg1 % 989:989 96.7 % 984:989 96.7 % 984:989 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 31 theme closest 843:849 arg1 25962T 929:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T 894:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %) 894:943 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 31 theme closest 843:849 arg1 neighbours 864:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 839:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT 839:887 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 4 32 contain contained 406:414 arg2 acid 467:470 the diagnostic diamino acid 444:470 the diagnostic diamino acid 444:470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 4 32 contain contained 406:414 arg1 peptidoglycan 392:404 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 378:404 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 378:404 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 4 32 contain contained 406:414 arg2 acid 436:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 9 33 theme name 1252:1255 arg1 sp 1280:1281 the name Patulibacter brassicae sp 1248:1281 the name Patulibacter brassicae sp 1248:1281 Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 8 34 theme minatonensis 959:970 arg1 18081T 976:981 Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T 946:981 Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %) 946:990 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 34 theme minatonensis 959:970 arg1 % 989:989 96.7 % 984:989 96.7 % 984:989 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 9 35 theme Patulibacter 1257:1268 arg1 sp 1280:1281 the name Patulibacter brassicae sp 1248:1281 the name Patulibacter brassicae sp 1248:1281 Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 3 36 theme aerobic 252:258 arg1 cells 241:245 The cells 237:245 The cells 237:245 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 3 36 theme aerobic 252:258 arg1 rods 323:326 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods 252:326 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods 252:326 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 7 37 theme only 683:686 arg1 demethylmenaquinone 711:729 demethylmenaquinone 7 711:731 demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7) 711:739 The only isoprenoid quinone was demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. 27620694 7 37 theme only 683:686 arg1 quinone 699:705 The only isoprenoid quinone 679:705 The only isoprenoid quinone 679:705 The only isoprenoid quinone was demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. 27620694 2 38 attach isolated 158:165 arg2 strain 130:135 A novel actinobacterial strain 106:135 A novel actinobacterial strain 106:135 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SDT, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China. 27620694 2 38 attach isolated 158:165 arg1 soil 184:187 rhizosphere soil 172:187 rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China 172:234 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SDT, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China. 27620694 6 39 theme fatty 593:597 arg1 C18  608:611 C18  608:611 C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 608:676 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 6 39 theme fatty 593:597 arg1 acid 599:602 The predominant cellular fatty acid 568:602 The predominant cellular fatty acid 568:602 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 9 40 theme brassicae 1270:1278 arg1 sp 1280:1281 the name Patulibacter brassicae sp 1248:1281 the name Patulibacter brassicae sp 1248:1281 Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 7 41 theme isoprenoid 688:697 arg1 demethylmenaquinone 711:729 demethylmenaquinone 7 711:731 demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7) 711:739 The only isoprenoid quinone was demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. 27620694 7 41 theme isoprenoid 688:697 arg1 quinone 699:705 The only isoprenoid quinone 679:705 The only isoprenoid quinone 679:705 The only isoprenoid quinone was demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. 27620694 8 42 theme DSM 1017:1019 arg1 16676T 1021:1026 Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T 993:1026 Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) 993:1035 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 42 theme DSM 1017:1019 arg1 % 1034:1034 96.2 % 1029:1034 96.2 % 1029:1034 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 43 theme phylogenetic 851:862 arg1 25962T 929:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T 894:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %) 894:943 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 43 theme phylogenetic 851:862 arg1 neighbours 864:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 839:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT 839:887 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 11 44 theme type 1306:1309 arg1 SDT 1321:1323 SDT 1321:1323 SDT (=CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T) 1321:1350 The type strain is SDT (=CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T). 27620694 11 44 theme type 1306:1309 arg1 strain 1311:1316 The type strain 1302:1316 The type strain 1302:1316 The type strain is SDT (=CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T). 27620694 6 45 theme cellular 584:591 arg1 C18  608:611 C18  608:611 C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 608:676 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 6 45 theme cellular 584:591 arg1 acid 599:602 The predominant cellular fatty acid 568:602 The predominant cellular fatty acid 568:602 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 7 46 theme DNA 750:752 arg1 % 778:778 72.7 mol% 770:778 72.7 mol% 770:778 The only isoprenoid quinone was demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. 27620694 7 46 theme DNA 750:752 arg1 content 758:764 the DNA G+C content 746:764 the DNA G+C content 746:764 The only isoprenoid quinone was demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. 27620694 4 47 theme diamino 459:465 arg1 acid 467:470 the diagnostic diamino acid 444:470 the diagnostic diamino acid 444:470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 4 47 theme diamino 459:465 arg1 acid 436:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 5 48 theme predominant 543:553 arg1 lipid 561:565 the predominant polar lipid 539:565 the predominant polar lipid 539:565 Diphosphatidylglycerol was the predominant polar lipid. 27620694 5 48 theme predominant 543:553 arg1 Diphosphatidylglycerol 512:533 Diphosphatidylglycerol 512:533 Diphosphatidylglycerol 512:533 Diphosphatidylglycerol was the predominant polar lipid. 27620694 6 49 theme predominant 572:582 arg1 C18  608:611 C18  608:611 C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 608:676 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 6 49 theme predominant 572:582 arg1 acid 599:602 The predominant cellular fatty acid 568:602 The predominant cellular fatty acid 568:602 The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27620694 7 50 theme G+C 754:756 arg1 % 778:778 72.7 mol% 770:778 72.7 mol% 770:778 The only isoprenoid quinone was demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. 27620694 7 50 theme G+C 754:756 arg1 content 758:764 the DNA G+C content 746:764 the DNA G+C content 746:764 The only isoprenoid quinone was demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. 27620694 9 51 theme phenotypic 1111:1120 arg1 characteristics 1136:1150 combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1102:1150 combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1102:1150 Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 4 52 theme diagnostic 448:457 arg1 acid 467:470 the diagnostic diamino acid 444:470 the diagnostic diamino acid 444:470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 4 52 theme diagnostic 448:457 arg1 acid 436:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 2 53 theme cabbage 200:206 arg1 soil 184:187 rhizosphere soil 172:187 rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China 172:234 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SDT, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China. 27620694 5 54 theme polar 555:559 arg1 lipid 561:565 the predominant polar lipid 539:565 the predominant polar lipid 539:565 Diphosphatidylglycerol was the predominant polar lipid. 27620694 5 54 theme polar 555:559 arg1 Diphosphatidylglycerol 512:533 Diphosphatidylglycerol 512:533 Diphosphatidylglycerol 512:533 Diphosphatidylglycerol was the predominant polar lipid. 27620694 8 55 theme 16S 806:808 arg1 rRNA 810:813 the full-length 16S rRNA 790:813 the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 790:836 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 3 56 theme oxidase- 285:292 arg1 cells 241:245 The cells 237:245 The cells 237:245 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 3 56 theme oxidase- 285:292 arg1 rods 323:326 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods 252:326 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods 252:326 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 2 57 theme Chinese 192:198 arg1 cabbage 200:206 Chinese cabbage 192:206 Chinese cabbage 192:206 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SDT, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China. 27620694 8 58 theme Patulibacter 1041:1052 arg1 25990T 1073:1078 Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T 1041:1078 Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %) 1041:1087 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 58 theme Patulibacter 1041:1052 arg1 % 1086:1086 95.9 % 1081:1086 95.9 % 1081:1086 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 9 59 theme genotypic 1126:1134 arg1 characteristics 1136:1150 combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1102:1150 combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1102:1150 Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 8 60 theme SDT 885:887 arg1 25962T 929:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T 894:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %) 894:943 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 60 theme SDT 885:887 arg1 neighbours 864:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 839:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT 839:887 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 3 61 theme Gram-staining-positive 261:282 arg1 cells 241:245 The cells 237:245 The cells 237:245 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 3 61 theme Gram-staining-positive 261:282 arg1 rods 323:326 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods 252:326 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods 252:326 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 2 62 theme rhizosphere 172:182 arg1 soil 184:187 rhizosphere soil 172:187 rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China 172:234 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SDT, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China. 27620694 8 63 theme strain 878:883 arg1 SDT 885:887 strain SDT 878:887 strain SDT 878:887 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 64 theme medicamentivorans 907:923 arg1 % 942:942 96.9 % 937:942 96.9 % 937:942 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 64 theme medicamentivorans 907:923 arg1 neighbours 864:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 839:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT 839:887 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 64 theme medicamentivorans 907:923 arg1 25962T 929:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T 894:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %) 894:943 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 65 theme DSM 1069:1071 arg1 25990T 1073:1078 Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T 1041:1078 Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %) 1041:1087 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 65 theme DSM 1069:1071 arg1 % 1086:1086 95.9 % 1081:1086 95.9 % 1081:1086 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 4 66 theme meso-diaminopimelic 416:434 arg1 acid 467:470 the diagnostic diamino acid 444:470 the diagnostic diamino acid 444:470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 4 66 theme meso-diaminopimelic 416:434 arg1 acid 436:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. 27620694 8 67 theme Patulibacter 894:905 arg1 % 942:942 96.9 % 937:942 96.9 % 937:942 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 67 theme Patulibacter 894:905 arg1 neighbours 864:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 839:873 the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT 839:887 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 8 67 theme Patulibacter 894:905 arg1 25962T 929:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T 894:934 Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %) 894:943 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 27620694 1 68 dep Brassica 84:91 arg1 campestris 93:102 Brassica campestris 84:102 Brassica campestris 84:102 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris). 27620694 3 69 theme short 317:321 arg1 cells 241:245 The cells 237:245 The cells 237:245 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 3 69 theme short 317:321 arg1 rods 323:326 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods 252:326 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods 252:326 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 2 70 theme novel 108:112 arg1 strain 130:135 A novel actinobacterial strain 106:135 A novel actinobacterial strain 106:135 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SDT, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China. 27620694 9 71 theme Patulibacter 1224:1235 arg1 species 1203:1209 a novel species 1195:1209 a novel species 1195:1209 Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. 27620694 3 72 theme trypticase 357:366 arg1 agar 372:375 trypticase soy agar 357:375 trypticase soy agar 357:375 The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. 27620694 8 73 theme full-length 794:804 arg1 rRNA 810:813 the full-length 16S rRNA 790:813 the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 790:836 Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). 25678122 6 0 theme solubilized 1000:1010 arg1 bladder 1020:1026 solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) 1000:1038 solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) 1000:1038 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 0 1 from brain 38:42 arg1 matrix 26:31 Solubilized extracellular matrix 0:31 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder 0:62 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder elicits distinct functional and phenotypic responses in macrophages. 25678122 5 2 theme diverse 881:887 arg1 brain 905:909 brain 905:909 brain 905:909 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 2 theme diverse 881:887 arg1 bladder 923:929 urinary bladder 915:929 urinary bladder 915:929 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 2 theme diverse 881:887 arg1 tissues 896:902 molecularly diverse source tissues 869:902 molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) 869:930 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 0 3 theme functional 81:90 arg1 responses 107:115 distinct functional and phenotypic responses 72:115 distinct functional and phenotypic responses 72:115 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder elicits distinct functional and phenotypic responses in macrophages. 25678122 6 4 with consistent 1141:1150 arg1 phenotype 1168:1176 an M2-like phenotype 1157:1176 an M2-like phenotype 1157:1176 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 2 5 theme biomaterials 360:371 arg1 potential 341:349 the therapeutic potential 325:349 the therapeutic potential of these biomaterials 325:371 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances the therapeutic potential of these biomaterials. 25678122 5 6 theme urinary 915:921 arg1 bladder 923:929 urinary bladder 915:929 urinary bladder 915:929 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 6 theme urinary 915:921 arg1 tissues 896:902 molecularly diverse source tissues 869:902 molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) 869:930 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 3 7 theme Isolated 374:381 arg1 components 392:401 Isolated, soluble components 374:401 Isolated, soluble components of ECM and matricryptic peptides 374:434 Isolated, soluble components of ECM and matricryptic peptides have been shown to bias macrophages toward a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype. 25678122 9 8 theme macrophage 1510:1519 arg1 function 1521:1528 macrophage function 1510:1528 macrophage function 1510:1528 These findings suggest that the molecular composition of the source tissue ECM plays an important role in influencing macrophage function and phenotype. 25678122 2 9 theme forms 303:307 arg1 development 276:286 The recent development 265:286 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances 265:323 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances the therapeutic potential of these biomaterials. 25678122 0 10 theme phenotypic 96:105 arg1 responses 107:115 distinct functional and phenotypic responses 72:115 distinct functional and phenotypic responses 72:115 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder elicits distinct functional and phenotypic responses in macrophages. 25678122 0 11 from bladder 56:62 arg1 matrix 26:31 Solubilized extracellular matrix 0:31 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder 0:62 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder elicits distinct functional and phenotypic responses in macrophages. 25678122 3 12 dep constructive 496:507 arg1 M2-like 510:516 M2-like 510:516 M2-like 510:516 Isolated, soluble components of ECM and matricryptic peptides have been shown to bias macrophages toward a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype. 25678122 7 13 theme important 1245:1253 arg1 role 1255:1258 an important role 1242:1258 an important role 1242:1258 The hyaluronic acid (HA) component in solubilized U-ECM played an important role in mediating this response. 25678122 2 14 theme solubilized 291:301 arg1 forms 303:307 solubilized forms 291:307 solubilized forms of ECM advances 291:323 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances the therapeutic potential of these biomaterials. 25678122 3 15 theme constructive 496:507 arg1 phenotype 519:527 a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype 479:527 a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype 479:527 Isolated, soluble components of ECM and matricryptic peptides have been shown to bias macrophages toward a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype. 25678122 4 16 theme macrophage 741:750 arg1 markers 752:758 macrophage markers 741:758 macrophage markers 741:758 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 5 17 dep tissues 896:902 arg1 brain 905:909 brain 905:909 brain 905:909 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 17 dep tissues 896:902 arg1 bladder 923:929 urinary bladder 915:929 urinary bladder 915:929 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 17 dep tissues 896:902 arg1 tissues 896:902 molecularly diverse source tissues 869:902 molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) 869:930 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 18 theme ECM 852:854 arg1 effect 830:835 the effect 826:835 the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function 826:977 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 8 19 theme pro-inflammatory 1317:1332 arg1 response 1355:1362 a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response 1315:1362 a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response 1315:1362 Brain ECM (B-ECM) elicited a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response and contained almost no HA. 25678122 3 20 theme matricryptic 414:425 arg1 peptides 427:434 ECM and matricryptic peptides 406:434 ECM and matricryptic peptides 406:434 Isolated, soluble components of ECM and matricryptic peptides have been shown to bias macrophages toward a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype. 25678122 5 21 theme source 889:894 arg1 brain 905:909 brain 905:909 brain 905:909 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 21 theme source 889:894 arg1 bladder 923:929 urinary bladder 915:929 urinary bladder 915:929 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 21 theme source 889:894 arg1 tissues 896:902 molecularly diverse source tissues 869:902 molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) 869:930 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 3 22 theme ECM 406:408 arg1 peptides 427:434 ECM and matricryptic peptides 406:434 ECM and matricryptic peptides 406:434 Isolated, soluble components of ECM and matricryptic peptides have been shown to bias macrophages toward a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype. 25678122 5 23 theme solubilized 840:850 arg1 ECM 852:854 solubilized ECM 840:854 solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) 840:930 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 0 24 theme extracellular 12:24 arg1 matrix 26:31 Solubilized extracellular matrix 0:31 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder 0:62 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder elicits distinct functional and phenotypic responses in macrophages. 25678122 1 25 attach derived 160:166 arg2 ECM 155:157 ECM 155:157 ECM 155:157 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 1 25 attach derived 160:166 arg1 variety 175:181 a variety 173:181 a variety of source tissues 173:199 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 1 25 attach derived 160:166 arg1 tissues 193:199 source tissues 186:199 source tissues 186:199 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 1 25 attach derived 160:166 arg2 matrix 147:152 Extracellular matrix 133:152 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues 133:199 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 7 26 theme solubilized 1217:1227 arg1 U-ECM 1229:1233 solubilized U-ECM 1217:1233 solubilized U-ECM 1217:1233 The hyaluronic acid (HA) component in solubilized U-ECM played an important role in mediating this response. 25678122 8 27 contain contained 1368:1376 arg1 B-ECM 1299:1303 B-ECM 1299:1303 B-ECM 1299:1303 Brain ECM (B-ECM) elicited a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response and contained almost no HA. 25678122 8 27 contain contained 1368:1376 arg1 ECM 1294:1296 Brain ECM 1288:1296 Brain ECM (B-ECM) 1288:1304 Brain ECM (B-ECM) elicited a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response and contained almost no HA. 25678122 8 27 contain contained 1368:1376 arg2 HA 1388:1389 almost no HA 1378:1389 almost no HA 1378:1389 Brain ECM (B-ECM) elicited a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response and contained almost no HA. 25678122 2 28 dep potential 341:349 arg1 development 276:286 The recent development 265:286 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances 265:323 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances the therapeutic potential of these biomaterials. 25678122 7 29 theme hyaluronic 1183:1192 arg1 HA 1200:1201 HA 1200:1201 HA 1200:1201 The hyaluronic acid (HA) component in solubilized U-ECM played an important role in mediating this response. 25678122 7 29 theme hyaluronic 1183:1192 arg1 acid 1194:1197 hyaluronic acid 1183:1197 The hyaluronic acid (HA) component in solubilized U-ECM 1179:1233 The hyaluronic acid (HA) component in solubilized U-ECM played an important role in mediating this response. 25678122 4 30 theme urinary 696:702 arg1 bladder 704:710 urinary bladder 696:710 urinary bladder 696:710 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 30 theme urinary 696:702 arg1 intestine 674:682 small intestine 668:682 small intestine 668:682 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 0 31 theme Solubilized 0:10 arg1 matrix 26:31 Solubilized extracellular matrix 0:31 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder 0:62 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder elicits distinct functional and phenotypic responses in macrophages. 25678122 4 32 theme small 725:729 arg1 subset 731:736 a small subset 723:736 a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) 723:778 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 2 33 theme advances 316:323 arg1 forms 303:307 solubilized forms 291:307 solubilized forms of ECM advances 291:323 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances the therapeutic potential of these biomaterials. 25678122 1 34 theme source 186:191 arg1 tissues 193:199 source tissues 186:199 source tissues 186:199 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 4 35 theme studies 555:561 arg1 majority 543:550 the majority 539:550 the majority of studies described thus far 539:580 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 9 36 theme molecular 1424:1432 arg1 composition 1434:1444 the molecular composition 1420:1444 the molecular composition of the source tissue ECM 1420:1469 These findings suggest that the molecular composition of the source tissue ECM plays an important role in influencing macrophage function and phenotype. 25678122 2 37 theme ECM 312:314 arg1 advances 316:323 ECM advances 312:323 ECM advances 312:323 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances the therapeutic potential of these biomaterials. 25678122 1 38 theme tissues 193:199 arg1 variety 175:181 a variety 173:181 a variety of source tissues 173:199 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 1 38 theme tissues 193:199 arg1 tissues 193:199 source tissues 186:199 source tissues 186:199 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 5 39 theme present 802:808 arg1 study 810:814 The present study 798:814 The present study 798:814 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 8 40 theme no 1385:1386 arg1 HA 1388:1389 almost no HA 1378:1389 almost no HA 1378:1389 Brain ECM (B-ECM) elicited a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response and contained almost no HA. 25678122 8 41 theme macrophage 1344:1353 arg1 response 1355:1362 a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response 1315:1362 a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response 1315:1362 Brain ECM (B-ECM) elicited a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response and contained almost no HA. 25678122 4 42 link derived 654:660 arg1 ECMs 662:665 gastrointestinal derived ECMs 637:665 gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) 637:717 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 43 theme markers 752:758 arg1 ECMs 662:665 gastrointestinal derived ECMs 637:665 gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) 637:717 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 43 theme markers 752:758 arg1 subset 731:736 a small subset 723:736 a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) 723:778 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 3 44 theme regulatory 481:490 arg1 phenotype 519:527 a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype 479:527 a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype 479:527 Isolated, soluble components of ECM and matricryptic peptides have been shown to bias macrophages toward a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype. 25678122 3 45 theme peptides 427:434 arg1 components 392:401 Isolated, soluble components 374:401 Isolated, soluble components of ECM and matricryptic peptides 374:434 Isolated, soluble components of ECM and matricryptic peptides have been shown to bias macrophages toward a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype. 25678122 8 46 theme Brain 1288:1292 arg1 B-ECM 1299:1303 B-ECM 1299:1303 B-ECM 1299:1303 Brain ECM (B-ECM) elicited a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response and contained almost no HA. 25678122 8 46 theme Brain 1288:1292 arg1 ECM 1294:1296 Brain ECM 1288:1296 Brain ECM (B-ECM) 1288:1304 Brain ECM (B-ECM) elicited a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response and contained almost no HA. 25678122 9 47 theme important 1480:1488 arg1 role 1490:1493 an important role 1477:1493 an important role 1477:1493 These findings suggest that the molecular composition of the source tissue ECM plays an important role in influencing macrophage function and phenotype. 25678122 7 48 theme acid 1194:1197 arg1 component 1204:1212 The hyaluronic acid (HA) component 1179:1212 The hyaluronic acid (HA) component in solubilized U-ECM 1179:1233 The hyaluronic acid (HA) component in solubilized U-ECM played an important role in mediating this response. 25678122 9 49 theme ECM 1467:1469 arg1 composition 1434:1444 the molecular composition 1420:1444 the molecular composition of the source tissue ECM 1420:1469 These findings suggest that the molecular composition of the source tissue ECM plays an important role in influencing macrophage function and phenotype. 25678122 6 50 theme macrophage 1053:1062 arg1 secretion 1069:1077 macrophage PGE2 secretion 1053:1077 macrophage PGE2 secretion 1053:1077 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 5 51 attach derived 856:862 arg2 ECM 852:854 solubilized ECM 840:854 solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) 840:930 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 51 attach derived 856:862 arg1 brain 905:909 brain 905:909 brain 905:909 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 51 attach derived 856:862 arg1 bladder 923:929 urinary bladder 915:929 urinary bladder 915:929 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 5 51 attach derived 856:862 arg1 tissues 896:902 molecularly diverse source tissues 869:902 molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) 869:930 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 6 52 theme M2-like 1160:1166 arg1 phenotype 1168:1176 an M2-like phenotype 1157:1176 an M2-like phenotype 1157:1176 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 4 53 theme small 668:672 arg1 etc. 713:716 etc. 713:716 etc. 713:716 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 53 theme small 668:672 arg1 esophagus 685:693 esophagus 685:693 esophagus 685:693 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 53 theme small 668:672 arg1 bladder 704:710 urinary bladder 696:710 urinary bladder 696:710 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 53 theme small 668:672 arg1 intestine 674:682 small intestine 668:682 small intestine 668:682 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 8 54 theme M1-like 1335:1341 arg1 response 1355:1362 a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response 1315:1362 a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response 1315:1362 Brain ECM (B-ECM) elicited a pro-inflammatory (M1-like) macrophage response and contained almost no HA. 25678122 7 55 from component 1204:1212 arg1 U-ECM 1229:1233 solubilized U-ECM 1217:1233 solubilized U-ECM 1217:1233 The hyaluronic acid (HA) component in solubilized U-ECM played an important role in mediating this response. 25678122 5 56 theme macrophage 945:954 arg1 phenotype 956:964 primary macrophage phenotype 937:964 primary macrophage phenotype 937:964 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 6 57 dep bladder 1020:1026 arg1 U-ECM 1033:1037 U-ECM 1033:1037 U-ECM 1033:1037 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 6 57 dep bladder 1020:1026 arg1 ECM 1028:1030 ECM 1028:1030 solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) 1000:1038 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 0 58 theme urinary 48:54 arg1 bladder 56:62 urinary bladder 48:62 urinary bladder 48:62 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder elicits distinct functional and phenotypic responses in macrophages. 25678122 4 59 dep ECMs 662:665 arg1 etc. 713:716 etc. 713:716 etc. 713:716 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 59 dep ECMs 662:665 arg1 esophagus 685:693 esophagus 685:693 esophagus 685:693 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 59 dep ECMs 662:665 arg1 bladder 704:710 urinary bladder 696:710 urinary bladder 696:710 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 59 dep ECMs 662:665 arg1 intestine 674:682 small intestine 668:682 small intestine 668:682 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 9 60 theme tissue 1460:1465 arg1 ECM 1467:1469 the source tissue ECM 1449:1469 the source tissue ECM 1449:1469 These findings suggest that the molecular composition of the source tissue ECM plays an important role in influencing macrophage function and phenotype. 25678122 1 61 theme Extracellular 133:145 arg1 matrix 147:152 Extracellular matrix 133:152 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues 133:199 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 1 61 theme Extracellular 133:145 arg1 ECM 155:157 ECM 155:157 ECM 155:157 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 3 62 dep Isolated 374:381 arg1 soluble 384:390 soluble 384:390 soluble 384:390 Isolated, soluble components of ECM and matricryptic peptides have been shown to bias macrophages toward a regulatory and constructive (M2-like) phenotype. 25678122 2 63 theme recent 269:274 arg1 development 276:286 The recent development 265:286 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances 265:323 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances the therapeutic potential of these biomaterials. 25678122 4 64 dep subset 731:736 arg1 CCR7 774:777 CCR7 774:777 CCR7 774:777 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 64 dep subset 731:736 arg1 CD86 768:771 CD86 768:771 CD86 768:771 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 64 dep subset 731:736 arg1 CD206 761:765 CD206 761:765 CD206 761:765 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 6 65 theme factor 1123:1128 arg1 secretion 1130:1138 traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion 1094:1138 traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion 1094:1138 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 4 66 theme similar 629:635 arg1 ECMs 662:665 gastrointestinal derived ECMs 637:665 gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) 637:717 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 67 used utilized 587:594 arg2 majority 543:550 the majority 539:550 the majority of studies described thus far 539:580 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 5 68 theme primary 937:943 arg1 phenotype 956:964 primary macrophage phenotype 937:964 primary macrophage phenotype 937:964 The present study evaluated the effect of solubilized ECM derived from molecularly diverse source tissues (brain and urinary bladder) upon primary macrophage phenotype and function. 25678122 2 69 theme therapeutic 329:339 arg1 potential 341:349 the therapeutic potential 325:349 the therapeutic potential of these biomaterials 325:371 The recent development of solubilized forms of ECM advances the therapeutic potential of these biomaterials. 25678122 6 70 theme urinary 1012:1018 arg1 bladder 1020:1026 solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) 1000:1038 solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) 1000:1038 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 0 71 theme distinct 72:79 arg1 responses 107:115 distinct functional and phenotypic responses 72:115 distinct functional and phenotypic responses 72:115 Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder elicits distinct functional and phenotypic responses in macrophages. 25678122 1 72 used used 223:226 arg2 ECM 155:157 ECM 155:157 ECM 155:157 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 1 72 used used 223:226 arg2 matrix 147:152 Extracellular matrix 133:152 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues 133:199 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25678122 9 73 theme source 1453:1458 arg1 ECM 1467:1469 the source tissue ECM 1449:1469 the source tissue ECM 1449:1469 These findings suggest that the molecular composition of the source tissue ECM plays an important role in influencing macrophage function and phenotype. 25678122 6 74 theme pro-inflammatory 1106:1121 arg1 factor 1123:1128 traditional pro-inflammatory factor 1094:1128 traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion 1094:1138 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 6 75 theme PGE2 1064:1067 arg1 secretion 1069:1077 macrophage PGE2 secretion 1053:1077 macrophage PGE2 secretion 1053:1077 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 4 76 theme derived 654:660 arg1 ECMs 662:665 gastrointestinal derived ECMs 637:665 gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) 637:717 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 4 77 theme gastrointestinal 637:652 arg1 ECMs 662:665 gastrointestinal derived ECMs 637:665 gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) 637:717 However, the majority of studies described thus far have utilized anatomically and morphologically similar gastrointestinal derived ECMs (small intestine, esophagus, urinary bladder, etc.) and a small subset of macrophage markers (CD206, CD86, CCR7) to describe them. 25678122 6 78 theme traditional 1094:1104 arg1 factor 1123:1128 traditional pro-inflammatory factor 1094:1128 traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion 1094:1138 Results showed that solubilized urinary bladder ECM (U-ECM) up-regulated macrophage PGE2 secretion and suppressed traditional pro-inflammatory factor secretion, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. 25678122 1 79 theme tissue 242:247 arg1 reconstruction 249:262 tissue reconstruction 242:262 tissue reconstruction 242:262 Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a variety of source tissues has been successfully used to facilitate tissue reconstruction. 25200611 4 0 theme humoral 1061:1067 arg1 responses 1089:1097 efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 1034:1097 efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 1034:1097 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 4 1 theme follicular 936:945 arg1 route 947:951 the follicular route 932:951 the follicular route 932:951 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 1 2 theme unique 179:184 arg1 vaccination 136:146 Trans-follicular (TF) vaccination 114:146 Trans-follicular (TF) vaccination 114:146 Trans-follicular (TF) vaccination has recently been studied as a unique route for non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination. 25200611 1 2 theme unique 179:184 arg1 route 186:190 a unique route 177:190 a unique route for non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination 177:234 Trans-follicular (TF) vaccination has recently been studied as a unique route for non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination. 25200611 4 3 theme based 859:863 arg1 formulations 873:884 nanoparticle based vaccine formulations 846:884 nanoparticle based vaccine formulations 846:884 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 4 4 theme antigen-specific 1044:1059 arg1 responses 1089:1097 efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 1034:1097 efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 1034:1097 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 3 5 from impact 478:483 arg1 quality 665:671 immune response quality 649:671 immune response quality following TF immunization 649:697 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 4 6 dep confirm 823:829 arg1 demonstrate 975:985 demonstrate 975:985 demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 975:1097 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 3 7 theme tape 762:765 arg1 stripping 767:775 tape stripping the skin 762:784 tape stripping the skin 762:784 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 8 dep [bis- 593:597 arg1 3 599:599 3 599:599 3 599:599 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 8 dep [bis- 593:597 arg1 monophosphate 631:643 5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate 602:643 5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate 602:643 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 9 dep solution 527:534 arg1 i.e. 512:515 i.e. 512:515 i.e. 512:515 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 4 10 theme intact 916:921 arg1 skin 923:926 the intact skin 912:926 the intact skin 912:926 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 2 11 theme TF 322:323 arg1 vaccination 325:335 TF vaccination 322:335 TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity 322:471 The present study aims to extensively characterize the immune responses triggered by TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity. 25200611 1 12 theme transcutaneous 209:222 arg1 vaccination 224:234 non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination 196:234 non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination 196:234 Trans-follicular (TF) vaccination has recently been studied as a unique route for non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination. 25200611 4 13 theme immune 1082:1087 arg1 responses 1089:1097 efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 1034:1097 efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 1034:1097 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 1 14 theme Trans-follicular 114:129 arg1 route 186:190 a unique route 177:190 a unique route for non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination 177:234 Trans-follicular (TF) vaccination has recently been studied as a unique route for non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination. 25200611 1 14 theme Trans-follicular 114:129 arg1 vaccination 136:146 Trans-follicular (TF) vaccination 114:146 Trans-follicular (TF) vaccination 114:146 Trans-follicular (TF) vaccination has recently been studied as a unique route for non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination. 25200611 1 15 theme non-invasive 196:207 arg1 vaccination 224:234 non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination 196:234 non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination 196:234 Trans-follicular (TF) vaccination has recently been studied as a unique route for non-invasive transcutaneous vaccination. 25200611 0 16 theme nanoparticle-mediated 10:30 arg1 vaccination 59:69 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination 0:69 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination via hair follicles 0:88 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination via hair follicles requires adjuvantation. 25200611 3 17 theme adenosine 621:629 arg1 3 599:599 3 599:599 3 599:599 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 17 theme adenosine 621:629 arg1 monophosphate 631:643 5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate 602:643 5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate 602:643 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 18 theme formulation 488:498 arg1 composition 500:510 formulation composition 488:510 formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] 488:644 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 0 19 theme Efficient 0:8 arg1 vaccination 59:69 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination 0:69 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination via hair follicles 0:88 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination via hair follicles requires adjuvantation. 25200611 3 20 theme composition 500:510 arg1 impact 478:483 The impact 474:483 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization 474:697 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 0 21 theme transcutaneous 44:57 arg1 vaccination 59:69 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination 0:69 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination via hair follicles 0:88 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination via hair follicles requires adjuvantation. 25200611 4 22 theme formulations 873:884 arg1 ability 835:841 the ability 831:841 the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route 831:951 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 3 23 theme -cyclic 605:611 arg1 3 599:599 3 599:599 3 599:599 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 23 theme -cyclic 605:611 arg1 monophosphate 631:643 5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate 602:643 5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate 602:643 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 24 theme antigen-loaded 539:552 arg1 nanoparticles 554:566 antigen-loaded nanoparticles 539:566 antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] 539:644 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 0 25 theme needle-free 32:42 arg1 vaccination 59:69 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination 0:69 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination via hair follicles 0:88 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination via hair follicles requires adjuvantation. 25200611 3 26 dep stripping 767:775 arg1 skin 781:784 the skin 777:784 tape stripping the skin 762:784 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 27 theme dimeric 613:619 arg1 3 599:599 3 599:599 3 599:599 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 27 theme dimeric 613:619 arg1 monophosphate 631:643 5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate 602:643 5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate 602:643 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 4 28 theme cellular 1073:1080 arg1 responses 1089:1097 efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 1034:1097 efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 1034:1097 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 3 29 theme immune 649:654 arg1 quality 665:671 immune response quality 649:671 immune response quality following TF immunization 649:697 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 30 theme response 656:663 arg1 quality 665:671 immune response quality 649:671 immune response quality following TF immunization 649:697 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 0 31 theme hair 75:78 arg1 follicles 80:88 hair follicles 75:88 hair follicles 75:88 Efficient nanoparticle-mediated needle-free transcutaneous vaccination via hair follicles requires adjuvantation. 25200611 3 32 theme adjuvant 584:591 arg1 [bis- 593:597 adjuvant [bis- 584:597 adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] 584:644 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 4 33 theme same 965:968 arg1 time 970:973 the same time 961:973 the same time 961:973 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 2 34 theme present 241:247 arg1 study 249:253 The present study 237:253 The present study 237:253 The present study aims to extensively characterize the immune responses triggered by TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity. 25200611 3 35 theme TF 683:684 arg1 immunization 686:697 TF immunization 683:697 TF immunization 683:697 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 2 36 theme lactic-co-glycolic 380:397 arg1 acid 399:402 poly lactic-co-glycolic acid 375:402 poly lactic-co-glycolic acid 375:402 The present study aims to extensively characterize the immune responses triggered by TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity. 25200611 2 36 theme lactic-co-glycolic 380:397 arg1 chitosan-PLGA 360:372 chitosan-PLGA 360:372 chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) 360:403 The present study aims to extensively characterize the immune responses triggered by TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity. 25200611 3 37 theme 5 602:602 arg1 3 599:599 3 599:599 3 599:599 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 3 37 theme 5 602:602 arg1 monophosphate 631:643 5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate 602:643 5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate 602:643 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 4 38 theme nanoparticle 846:857 arg1 formulations 873:884 nanoparticle based vaccine formulations 846:884 nanoparticle based vaccine formulations 846:884 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 2 39 theme poly 375:378 arg1 acid 399:402 poly lactic-co-glycolic acid 375:402 poly lactic-co-glycolic acid 375:402 The present study aims to extensively characterize the immune responses triggered by TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity. 25200611 2 39 theme poly 375:378 arg1 chitosan-PLGA 360:372 chitosan-PLGA 360:372 chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) 360:403 The present study aims to extensively characterize the immune responses triggered by TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity. 25200611 3 40 theme antigenic 517:525 arg1 solution 527:534 antigenic solution 517:534 antigenic solution 517:534 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 4 41 theme efficient 1034:1042 arg1 responses 1089:1097 efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 1034:1097 efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses 1034:1097 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 3 42 theme immune 730:735 arg1 responses 737:745 immune responses 730:745 immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin 730:784 The impact of formulation composition i.e. antigenic solution or antigen-loaded nanoparticles with or without adjuvant [bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate] on immune response quality following TF immunization was analyzed and compared with immune responses obtained after tape stripping the skin. 25200611 2 43 theme immune 292:297 arg1 responses 299:307 the immune responses 288:307 the immune responses triggered by TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity 288:471 The present study aims to extensively characterize the immune responses triggered by TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity. 25200611 2 44 theme skin 458:461 arg1 integrity 463:471 skin integrity 458:471 skin integrity 458:471 The present study aims to extensively characterize the immune responses triggered by TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity. 25200611 4 45 theme vaccine 865:871 arg1 formulations 873:884 nanoparticle based vaccine formulations 846:884 nanoparticle based vaccine formulations 846:884 The results presented in this study confirm the ability of nanoparticle based vaccine formulations to deliver antigen across the intact skin via the follicular route, but at the same time demonstrate the necessity to include adjuvants to generate efficient antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. 25200611 2 46 theme skin 427:430 arg1 pre-treatment 432:444 skin pre-treatment 427:444 skin pre-treatment 427:444 The present study aims to extensively characterize the immune responses triggered by TF vaccination using ovalbumin loaded chitosan-PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles without skin pre-treatment to preserve skin integrity. 28027925 9 0 theme prebiotic 1880:1888 arg1 administration 1890:1903 prebiotic administration 1880:1903 prebiotic administration 1880:1903 On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. 28027925 7 1 theme IL-10 1468:1472 arg1 levels 1474:1479 plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels 1434:1479 plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels 1434:1479 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 1 2 theme brain 248:252 arg1 function 254:261 brain function 248:261 brain function 248:261 Mounting evidence shows that the gut microbiota, an important player within the gut-brain communication axis, can affect metabolism, inflammation, brain function and behavior. 28027925 7 3 theme anti-inflammatory 1441:1457 arg1 IL-10 1468:1472 plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 1434:1472 plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels 1434:1479 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 4 4 theme microbiota 785:794 arg1 composition 796:806 gut microbiota composition 781:806 gut microbiota composition 781:806 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 5 5 dep metabolic 974:982 arg1 weight 990:995 body weight 985:995 body weight 985:995 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 5 dep metabolic 974:982 arg1 intake 1003:1008 food intake 998:1008 food intake 998:1008 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 5 dep metabolic 974:982 arg1 homeostasis 1019:1029 glucose homeostasis 1011:1029 glucose homeostasis 1011:1029 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 8 6 theme improved 1698:1705 arg1 integrity 1727:1735 improved blood-brain-barrier integrity 1698:1735 improved blood-brain-barrier integrity 1698:1735 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 1 7 theme important 153:161 arg1 player 163:168 an important player 150:168 an important player within the gut-brain communication axis 150:208 Mounting evidence shows that the gut microbiota, an important player within the gut-brain communication axis, can affect metabolism, inflammation, brain function and behavior. 28027925 1 7 theme important 153:161 arg1 microbiota 138:147 the gut microbiota 130:147 the gut microbiota 130:147 Mounting evidence shows that the gut microbiota, an important player within the gut-brain communication axis, can affect metabolism, inflammation, brain function and behavior. 28027925 2 8 theme gut 292:294 arg1 composition 307:317 gut microbiota composition 292:317 gut microbiota composition 292:317 Interestingly, gut microbiota composition is known to be altered in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), who also often display neuropsychiatric symptoms. 28027925 8 9 theme integrity 1727:1735 arg1 signs 1689:1693 signs 1689:1693 signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity 1689:1735 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 10 10 theme gyrus 2167:2171 arg1 neurons 2173:2179 dentate gyrus neurons 2159:2179 dentate gyrus neurons 2159:2179 Of note, we found a relationship between the effect of treatment on dentate gyrus neurons and spatial memory. 28027925 6 11 theme glycemic 1313:1320 arg1 dysregulations 1322:1335 glycemic dysregulations 1313:1335 glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) 1313:1378 Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. 28027925 3 12 theme promising 520:528 arg1 way 530:532 a promising way 518:532 a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients 518:599 The use of prebiotics, which beneficially alters the microbiota, may therefore be a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients. 28027925 3 12 theme promising 520:528 arg1 use 440:442 The use 436:442 The use 436:442 The use of prebiotics, which beneficially alters the microbiota, may therefore be a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients. 28027925 1 13 theme gut-brain 181:189 arg1 axis 205:208 the gut-brain communication axis 177:208 the gut-brain communication axis 177:208 Mounting evidence shows that the gut microbiota, an important player within the gut-brain communication axis, can affect metabolism, inflammation, brain function and behavior. 28027925 5 14 theme glucose 1011:1017 arg1 weight 990:995 body weight 985:995 body weight 985:995 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 14 theme glucose 1011:1017 arg1 homeostasis 1019:1029 glucose homeostasis 1011:1029 glucose homeostasis 1011:1029 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 6 15 dep dysregulations 1322:1335 arg1 tolerance 1346:1354 glucose tolerance 1338:1354 glucose tolerance 1338:1354 Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. 28027925 6 15 dep dysregulations 1322:1335 arg1 resistance 1368:1377 insulin resistance 1360:1377 insulin resistance 1360:1377 Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. 28027925 4 16 theme lean 855:858 arg1 littermates 865:875 their lean db/+ littermates 849:875 their lean db/+ littermates 849:875 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 9 17 theme neurogenesis 1984:1995 arg1 reduction 1959:1967 reduction 1959:1967 reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice 1959:2019 On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. 28027925 6 18 theme excessive 1287:1295 arg1 intake 1302:1307 excessive food intake 1287:1307 excessive food intake 1287:1307 Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. 28027925 5 19 theme body 985:988 arg1 weight 990:995 body weight 985:995 body weight 985:995 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 19 theme body 985:988 arg1 intake 1003:1008 food intake 998:1008 food intake 998:1008 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 19 theme body 985:988 arg1 homeostasis 1019:1029 glucose homeostasis 1011:1029 glucose homeostasis 1011:1029 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 8 20 theme db/db 1782:1786 arg1 mice 1788:1791 oligofructose-treated db/db mice 1760:1791 oligofructose-treated db/db mice 1760:1791 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 7 21 dep accompanied 1404:1414 arg1 whereas 1550:1556 whereas 1550:1556 whereas 1550:1556 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 7 22 theme NPY 1613:1615 arg1 expression 1574:1583 unbalanced mRNA expression 1558:1583 unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides 1558:1655 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 4 23 theme obese 666:670 arg1 mice 698:701 the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice 662:701 the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice 662:701 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 3 24 theme MetS 587:590 arg1 patients 592:599 MetS patients 587:599 MetS patients 587:599 The use of prebiotics, which beneficially alters the microbiota, may therefore be a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients. 28027925 7 25 theme orexigenic 1601:1610 arg1 NPY 1613:1615 hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides 1588:1655 NPY 1613:1615 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 5 26 theme increased 1048:1056 arg1 behavior 1071:1078 increased anxiety-like behavior 1048:1078 increased anxiety-like behavior 1048:1078 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 1 27 theme gut 134:136 arg1 player 163:168 an important player 150:168 an important player within the gut-brain communication axis 150:208 Mounting evidence shows that the gut microbiota, an important player within the gut-brain communication axis, can affect metabolism, inflammation, brain function and behavior. 28027925 1 27 theme gut 134:136 arg1 microbiota 138:147 the gut microbiota 130:147 the gut microbiota 130:147 Mounting evidence shows that the gut microbiota, an important player within the gut-brain communication axis, can affect metabolism, inflammation, brain function and behavior. 28027925 4 28 theme MetS 649:652 arg1 model 640:644 a mouse model 632:644 a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates 632:875 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 5 29 theme particular 1200:1209 arg1 attention 1211:1219 particular attention 1200:1219 particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes 1200:1250 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 0 30 theme mouse 66:70 arg1 model 72:76 a mouse model 64:76 a mouse model of metabolic syndrome 64:98 Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. 28027925 8 31 theme tight 1819:1823 arg1 proteins 1834:1841 tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin 1819:1859 tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin 1819:1859 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 8 31 theme tight 1819:1823 arg1 occludin 1852:1859 occludin 1852:1859 occludin 1852:1859 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 8 31 theme tight 1819:1823 arg1 ZO-1 1843:1846 ZO-1 1843:1846 ZO-1 1843:1846 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 7 32 theme mRNA 1569:1572 arg1 expression 1574:1583 unbalanced mRNA expression 1558:1583 unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides 1558:1655 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 0 33 from Impact 0:5 arg1 alterations 49:59 metabolic and behavioral alterations 24:59 metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome 24:98 Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. 28027925 8 34 theme proteins 1834:1841 arg1 expression 1805:1814 normalized expression 1794:1814 normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin 1794:1859 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 9 35 theme hippocampal 2057:2067 arg1 expression 2079:2088 increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression 2047:2088 increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression 2047:2088 On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. 28027925 3 36 from health 577:582 arg1 patients 592:599 MetS patients 587:599 MetS patients 587:599 The use of prebiotics, which beneficially alters the microbiota, may therefore be a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients. 28027925 0 37 theme syndrome 91:98 arg1 model 72:76 a mouse model 64:76 a mouse model of metabolic syndrome 64:98 Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. 28027925 5 38 theme behavioral 1036:1045 arg1 alterations 1109:1119 both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations 969:1119 both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes 969:1250 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 2 39 theme neuropsychiatric 409:424 arg1 symptoms 426:433 neuropsychiatric symptoms 409:433 neuropsychiatric symptoms 409:433 Interestingly, gut microbiota composition is known to be altered in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), who also often display neuropsychiatric symptoms. 28027925 9 40 theme mRNA 2074:2077 arg1 expression 2079:2088 increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression 2047:2088 increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression 2047:2088 On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. 28027925 4 41 theme type-2 676:681 arg1 mice 698:701 the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice 662:701 the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice 662:701 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 2 42 theme metabolic 359:367 arg1 syndrome 369:376 metabolic syndrome 359:376 metabolic syndrome (MetS) 359:383 Interestingly, gut microbiota composition is known to be altered in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), who also often display neuropsychiatric symptoms. 28027925 2 42 theme metabolic 359:367 arg1 MetS 379:382 MetS 379:382 MetS 379:382 Interestingly, gut microbiota composition is known to be altered in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), who also often display neuropsychiatric symptoms. 28027925 7 43 theme peptides 1648:1655 arg1 expression 1574:1583 unbalanced mRNA expression 1558:1583 unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides 1558:1655 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 4 44 theme db/db 692:696 arg1 mice 698:701 the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice 662:701 the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice 662:701 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 0 45 theme prebiotics 10:19 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. 0:99 Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. 28027925 5 46 theme db/db 1136:1140 arg1 mice 1142:1145 db/db mice 1136:1145 db/db mice 1136:1145 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 7 47 theme cytokine 1534:1541 arg1 IL-1β 1543:1547 the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β 1517:1547 the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β 1517:1547 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 5 48 theme administration 912:925 arg1 impact 894:899 the impact 890:899 the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes 890:1250 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 7 49 theme POMC 1642:1645 arg1 peptides 1648:1655 hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides 1588:1655 peptides 1648:1655 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 10 50 from effect 2136:2141 arg1 memory 2193:2198 spatial memory 2185:2198 spatial memory 2185:2198 Of note, we found a relationship between the effect of treatment on dentate gyrus neurons and spatial memory. 28027925 10 50 from effect 2136:2141 arg1 neurons 2173:2179 dentate gyrus neurons 2159:2179 dentate gyrus neurons 2159:2179 Of note, we found a relationship between the effect of treatment on dentate gyrus neurons and spatial memory. 28027925 0 51 theme metabolic 24:32 arg1 alterations 49:59 metabolic and behavioral alterations 24:59 metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome 24:98 Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. 28027925 5 52 theme impaired 1084:1091 arg1 memory 1101:1106 impaired spatial memory 1084:1106 impaired spatial memory 1084:1106 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 6 53 theme db/db 1383:1387 arg1 mice 1389:1392 db/db mice 1383:1392 db/db mice 1383:1392 Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. 28027925 5 54 theme related 1159:1165 arg1 correlates 1183:1192 related neurobiological correlates 1159:1192 related neurobiological correlates 1159:1192 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 7 55 theme hypothalamic 1485:1496 arg1 expression 1503:1512 hypothalamic mRNA expression 1485:1512 hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β 1485:1547 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 7 56 theme levels 1474:1479 arg1 expression 1503:1512 hypothalamic mRNA expression 1485:1512 hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β 1485:1547 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 7 56 theme levels 1474:1479 arg1 increase 1422:1429 an increase 1419:1429 an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels 1419:1479 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 6 57 theme Prebiotic 1253:1261 arg1 administration 1263:1276 Prebiotic administration 1253:1276 Prebiotic administration 1253:1276 Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. 28027925 7 58 theme cytokine 1459:1466 arg1 IL-10 1468:1472 plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 1434:1472 plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels 1434:1479 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 4 59 theme hippocampal 812:822 arg1 inflammation 824:835 hippocampal inflammation 812:835 hippocampal inflammation 812:835 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 7 60 theme plasma 1434:1439 arg1 IL-10 1468:1472 plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 1434:1472 plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels 1434:1479 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 10 61 theme treatment 2146:2154 arg1 effect 2136:2141 the effect 2132:2141 the effect of treatment on dentate gyrus neurons and spatial memory 2132:2198 Of note, we found a relationship between the effect of treatment on dentate gyrus neurons and spatial memory. 28027925 0 62 theme behavioral 38:47 arg1 alterations 49:59 metabolic and behavioral alterations 24:59 metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome 24:98 Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. 28027925 4 63 theme gut 781:783 arg1 composition 796:806 gut microbiota composition 781:806 gut microbiota composition 781:806 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 9 64 theme behavioral 1921:1930 arg1 alterations 1932:1942 behavioral alterations 1921:1942 behavioral alterations 1921:1942 On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. 28027925 6 65 theme insulin 1360:1366 arg1 resistance 1368:1377 insulin resistance 1360:1377 insulin resistance 1360:1377 Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. 28027925 2 66 theme microbiota 296:305 arg1 composition 307:317 gut microbiota composition 292:317 gut microbiota composition 292:317 Interestingly, gut microbiota composition is known to be altered in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), who also often display neuropsychiatric symptoms. 28027925 7 67 theme CART 1636:1639 arg1 peptides 1648:1655 hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides 1588:1655 peptides 1648:1655 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 8 68 dep proteins 1834:1841 arg1 proteins 1834:1841 tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin 1819:1859 tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin 1819:1859 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 8 68 dep proteins 1834:1841 arg1 occludin 1852:1859 occludin 1852:1859 occludin 1852:1859 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 8 68 dep proteins 1834:1841 arg1 ZO-1 1843:1846 ZO-1 1843:1846 ZO-1 1843:1846 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 8 69 theme blood-brain-barrier 1707:1725 arg1 integrity 1727:1735 improved blood-brain-barrier integrity 1698:1735 improved blood-brain-barrier integrity 1698:1735 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 7 70 theme anorexigenic 1622:1633 arg1 peptides 1648:1655 hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides 1588:1655 peptides 1648:1655 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 10 71 theme dentate 2159:2165 arg1 neurons 2173:2179 dentate gyrus neurons 2159:2179 dentate gyrus neurons 2159:2179 Of note, we found a relationship between the effect of treatment on dentate gyrus neurons and spatial memory. 28027925 3 72 theme physical 557:564 arg1 health 577:582 physical and mental health 557:582 physical and mental health in MetS patients 557:599 The use of prebiotics, which beneficially alters the microbiota, may therefore be a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients. 28027925 1 73 theme communication 191:203 arg1 axis 205:208 the gut-brain communication axis 177:208 the gut-brain communication axis 177:208 Mounting evidence shows that the gut microbiota, an important player within the gut-brain communication axis, can affect metabolism, inflammation, brain function and behavior. 28027925 9 74 theme hippocampal 1972:1982 arg1 neurogenesis 1984:1995 hippocampal neurogenesis 1972:1995 hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice 1972:2019 On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. 28027925 6 75 theme food 1297:1300 arg1 intake 1302:1307 excessive food intake 1287:1307 excessive food intake 1287:1307 Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. 28027925 4 76 from changes 770:776 arg1 composition 796:806 gut microbiota composition 781:806 gut microbiota composition 781:806 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 4 76 from changes 770:776 arg1 inflammation 824:835 hippocampal inflammation 812:835 hippocampal inflammation 812:835 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 1 77 theme Mounting 101:108 arg1 evidence 110:117 Mounting evidence 101:117 Mounting evidence 101:117 Mounting evidence shows that the gut microbiota, an important player within the gut-brain communication axis, can affect metabolism, inflammation, brain function and behavior. 28027925 10 78 theme spatial 2185:2191 arg1 memory 2193:2198 spatial memory 2185:2198 spatial memory 2185:2198 Of note, we found a relationship between the effect of treatment on dentate gyrus neurons and spatial memory. 28027925 5 79 theme neuroinflammatory 1224:1240 arg1 processes 1242:1250 neuroinflammatory processes 1224:1250 neuroinflammatory processes 1224:1250 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 8 80 theme oligofructose-treated 1760:1780 arg1 mice 1788:1791 oligofructose-treated db/db mice 1760:1791 oligofructose-treated db/db mice 1760:1791 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 7 81 theme hypothalamic 1588:1599 arg1 NPY 1613:1615 hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides 1588:1655 NPY 1613:1615 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 4 82 theme db/+ 860:863 arg1 littermates 865:875 their lean db/+ littermates 849:875 their lean db/+ littermates 849:875 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 9 83 theme db/db 2010:2014 arg1 mice 2016:2019 db/db mice 2010:2019 db/db mice 2010:2019 On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. 28027925 5 84 theme food 998:1001 arg1 weight 990:995 body weight 985:995 body weight 985:995 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 84 theme food 998:1001 arg1 intake 1003:1008 food intake 998:1008 food intake 998:1008 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 3 85 theme mental 570:575 arg1 health 577:582 physical and mental health 557:582 physical and mental health in MetS patients 557:599 The use of prebiotics, which beneficially alters the microbiota, may therefore be a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients. 28027925 8 86 theme mice 1788:1791 arg1 hypothalamus 1744:1755 the hypothalamus 1740:1755 the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice 1740:1791 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 11 87 theme novel 2251:2255 arg1 approaches 2257:2266 novel approaches 2251:2266 novel approaches 2251:2266 These findings may prove valuable for introducing novel approaches to treat some of the comorbidities associated with MetS. 28027925 4 88 theme mouse 634:638 arg1 model 640:644 a mouse model 632:644 a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates 632:875 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 5 89 theme anxiety-like 1058:1069 arg1 behavior 1071:1078 increased anxiety-like behavior 1048:1078 increased anxiety-like behavior 1048:1078 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 8 90 theme normalized 1794:1803 arg1 expression 1805:1814 normalized expression 1794:1814 normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin 1794:1859 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 7 91 theme unbalanced 1558:1567 arg1 expression 1574:1583 unbalanced mRNA expression 1558:1583 unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides 1558:1655 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 2 92 with patients 345:352 arg1 syndrome 369:376 metabolic syndrome 359:376 metabolic syndrome (MetS) 359:383 Interestingly, gut microbiota composition is known to be altered in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), who also often display neuropsychiatric symptoms. 28027925 2 92 with patients 345:352 arg1 MetS 379:382 MetS 379:382 MetS 379:382 Interestingly, gut microbiota composition is known to be altered in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), who also often display neuropsychiatric symptoms. 28027925 0 93 theme metabolic 81:89 arg1 syndrome 91:98 metabolic syndrome 81:98 metabolic syndrome 81:98 Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. 28027925 4 94 dep MetS 649:652 arg1 mice 698:701 the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice 662:701 the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice 662:701 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 0 95 from alterations 49:59 arg1 model 72:76 a mouse model 64:76 a mouse model of metabolic syndrome 64:98 Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. 28027925 9 96 theme increased 2047:2055 arg1 expression 2079:2088 increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression 2047:2088 increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression 2047:2088 On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. 28027925 6 97 theme glucose 1338:1344 arg1 tolerance 1346:1354 glucose tolerance 1338:1354 glucose tolerance 1338:1354 Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. 28027925 8 98 theme junction 1825:1832 arg1 proteins 1834:1841 tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin 1819:1859 tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin 1819:1859 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 8 98 theme junction 1825:1832 arg1 occludin 1852:1859 occludin 1852:1859 occludin 1852:1859 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 8 98 theme junction 1825:1832 arg1 ZO-1 1843:1846 ZO-1 1843:1846 ZO-1 1843:1846 We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). 28027925 9 99 theme IL-6 2069:2072 arg1 expression 2079:2088 increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression 2047:2088 increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression 2047:2088 On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. 28027925 9 100 theme expression 2079:2088 arg1 normalization 2030:2042 normalization 2030:2042 normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression 2030:2088 On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. 28027925 5 101 theme chronic 904:910 arg1 8weeks 928:933 8weeks 928:933 8weeks 928:933 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 101 theme chronic 904:910 arg1 administration 912:925 chronic administration 904:925 chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) 904:964 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 4 102 theme diabetic 683:690 arg1 mice 698:701 the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice 662:701 the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice 662:701 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 7 103 theme IL-1β 1543:1547 arg1 expression 1503:1512 hypothalamic mRNA expression 1485:1512 hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β 1485:1547 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 7 103 theme IL-1β 1543:1547 arg1 increase 1422:1429 an increase 1419:1429 an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels 1419:1479 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 5 104 dep behavioral 1036:1045 arg1 memory 1101:1106 impaired spatial memory 1084:1106 impaired spatial memory 1084:1106 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 104 dep behavioral 1036:1045 arg1 behavior 1071:1078 increased anxiety-like behavior 1048:1078 increased anxiety-like behavior 1048:1078 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 105 theme spatial 1093:1099 arg1 memory 1101:1106 impaired spatial memory 1084:1106 impaired spatial memory 1084:1106 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 7 106 theme anorexigenic 1521:1532 arg1 IL-1β 1543:1547 the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β 1517:1547 the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β 1517:1547 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 5 107 theme metabolic 974:982 arg1 alterations 1109:1119 both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations 969:1119 both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes 969:1250 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 108 theme prebiotics 939:948 arg1 8weeks 928:933 8weeks 928:933 8weeks 928:933 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 108 theme prebiotics 939:948 arg1 administration 912:925 chronic administration 904:925 chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) 904:964 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 4 109 theme emotional 718:726 arg1 alterations 742:752 emotional and cognitive alterations 718:752 emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation 718:835 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 28027925 3 110 theme prebiotics 447:456 arg1 way 530:532 a promising way 518:532 a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients 518:599 The use of prebiotics, which beneficially alters the microbiota, may therefore be a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients. 28027925 3 110 theme prebiotics 447:456 arg1 use 440:442 The use 436:442 The use 436:442 The use of prebiotics, which beneficially alters the microbiota, may therefore be a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients. 28027925 5 111 from impact 894:899 arg1 alterations 1109:1119 both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations 969:1119 both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes 969:1250 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 5 112 theme neurobiological 1167:1181 arg1 correlates 1183:1192 related neurobiological correlates 1159:1192 related neurobiological correlates 1159:1192 We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. 28027925 7 113 theme mRNA 1498:1501 arg1 expression 1503:1512 hypothalamic mRNA expression 1485:1512 hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β 1485:1547 This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. 28027925 4 114 theme cognitive 732:740 arg1 alterations 742:752 emotional and cognitive alterations 718:752 emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation 718:835 This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. 27162382 9 0 dep AST 1644:1646 arg1 leaves 1648:1653 leaves 1648:1653 leaves 1648:1653 Therefore, the present study suggests that the consumption of AST leaves may beneficial for the treatment of many diseases. 27162382 7 1 theme scavenging 1264:1273 arg1 activity 1275:1282 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 1247:1282 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 1247:1282 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 6 2 from part 1028:1031 arg1 APS1 1047:1050 APS1 1047:1050 APS1 1047:1050 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 6 2 from part 1028:1031 arg1 % 1042:1042 molar % 1036:1042 molar % of APS1 and APS2 1036:1059 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 6 2 from part 1028:1031 arg1 APS2 1056:1059 APS2 1056:1059 APS2 1056:1059 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 9 3 theme diseases 1696:1703 arg1 treatment 1678:1686 the treatment 1674:1686 the treatment of many diseases 1674:1703 Therefore, the present study suggests that the consumption of AST leaves may beneficial for the treatment of many diseases. 27162382 7 4 from HT-29 1403:1407 arg1 HepG-2 1443:1448 HepG-2 1443:1448 HepG-2 1443:1448 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 0 5 theme antioxidant 91:101 arg1 activities 118:127 its antioxidant and anticancer activities 87:127 its antioxidant and anticancer activities 87:127 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 27162382 7 6 theme antitumor 1421:1429 arg1 activity 1431:1438 antitumor activity 1421:1438 antitumor activity 1421:1438 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 5 7 theme molecular 612:620 arg1 weights 622:628 The average molecular weights 600:628 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 600:750 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 5 7 theme molecular 612:620 arg1 125.4 757:761 125.4 757:761 125.4 757:761 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 1 8 theme perennial 169:177 arg1 herb 179:182 a perennial herb 167:182 a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China 167:234 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 1 8 theme perennial 169:177 arg1 Turcz 152:156 Artemisia selengensis Turcz 130:156 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) 130:162 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 2 9 theme antitumor 345:353 arg1 activities 355:364 antitumor activities 345:364 antitumor activities 345:364 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 9 theme antitumor 345:353 arg1 yield 316:320 extraction yield 305:320 extraction yield (EY%) 305:326 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 10 theme extraction 305:314 arg1 antioxidant 329:339 antioxidant 329:339 antioxidant 329:339 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 10 theme extraction 305:314 arg1 activities 355:364 antitumor activities 345:364 antitumor activities 345:364 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 10 theme extraction 305:314 arg1 yield 316:320 extraction yield 305:320 extraction yield (EY%) 305:326 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 10 theme extraction 305:314 arg1 % 325:325 EY% 323:325 EY% 323:325 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 7 11 theme strong 1345:1350 arg1 activities 1363:1372 strong scavenging activities 1345:1372 strong scavenging activities 1345:1372 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 0 12 theme anticancer 107:116 arg1 activities 118:127 its antioxidant and anticancer activities 87:127 its antioxidant and anticancer activities 87:127 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 27162382 0 13 from Turcz 77:81 arg1 extraction 20:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction 0:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 0:128 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 27162382 9 14 theme present 1597:1603 arg1 study 1605:1609 the present study 1593:1609 the present study 1593:1609 Therefore, the present study suggests that the consumption of AST leaves may beneficial for the treatment of many diseases. 27162382 7 15 theme anticancer 1378:1387 arg1 activities 1389:1398 anticancer activities 1378:1398 anticancer activities 1378:1398 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 6 16 dep showed 816:821 arg1 with 1007:1010 with 1007:1010 with 1007:1010 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 5 17 theme homogeneous 637:647 arg1 APS2 675:678 APS2 675:678 APS2 675:678 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 5 17 theme homogeneous 637:647 arg1 APS1 666:669 APS1 666:669 APS1 666:669 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 5 17 theme homogeneous 637:647 arg1 polysaccharides 649:663 two homogeneous polysaccharides 633:663 two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 633:750 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 6 18 theme APS1 1047:1050 arg1 APS1 1047:1050 APS1 1047:1050 APS1 1047:1050 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 6 18 theme APS1 1047:1050 arg1 % 1042:1042 molar % 1036:1042 molar % of APS1 and APS2 1036:1059 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 6 18 theme APS1 1047:1050 arg1 APS2 1056:1059 APS2 1056:1059 APS2 1056:1059 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 2 19 theme parameters 289:298 arg1 effects 241:247 The effects 237:247 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts 237:396 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 20 theme extracts 389:396 arg1 antioxidant 329:339 antioxidant 329:339 antioxidant 329:339 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 20 theme extracts 389:396 arg1 activities 355:364 antitumor activities 345:364 antitumor activities 345:364 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 20 theme extracts 389:396 arg1 yield 316:320 extraction yield 305:320 extraction yield (EY%) 305:326 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 5 21 dep polysaccharides 649:663 arg1 APS2 675:678 APS2 675:678 APS2 675:678 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 5 21 dep polysaccharides 649:663 arg1 APS1 666:669 APS1 666:669 APS1 666:669 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 5 21 dep polysaccharides 649:663 arg1 polysaccharides 649:663 two homogeneous polysaccharides 633:663 two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 633:750 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 5 22 theme polysaccharides 649:663 arg1 weights 622:628 The average molecular weights 600:628 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 600:750 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 5 22 theme polysaccharides 649:663 arg1 125.4 757:761 125.4 757:761 125.4 757:761 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 7 23 theme hydroxyl 1247:1254 arg1 radical 1256:1262 hydroxyl radical 1247:1262 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 1247:1282 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 0 24 theme Ultrasound-assisted 0:18 arg1 extraction 20:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction 0:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 0:128 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 27162382 2 25 theme surface 452:458 arg1 methodology 460:470 response surface methodology 443:470 response surface methodology 443:470 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 9 26 theme AST 1644:1646 arg1 consumption 1629:1639 the consumption 1625:1639 the consumption of AST leaves 1625:1653 Therefore, the present study suggests that the consumption of AST leaves may beneficial for the treatment of many diseases. 27162382 7 27 theme scavenging 1352:1361 arg1 activities 1363:1372 strong scavenging activities 1345:1372 strong scavenging activities 1345:1372 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 1 28 theme therapeutic 189:199 arg1 applications 214:225 therapeutic and economic applications 189:225 therapeutic and economic applications in China 189:234 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 2 29 theme response 443:450 arg1 methodology 460:470 response surface methodology 443:470 response surface methodology 443:470 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 30 theme EY 323:324 arg1 yield 316:320 extraction yield 305:320 extraction yield (EY%) 305:326 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 30 theme EY 323:324 arg1 % 325:325 EY% 323:325 EY% 323:325 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 31 theme polysaccharides 373:387 arg1 extracts 389:396 the polysaccharides extracts 369:396 the polysaccharides extracts 369:396 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 0 32 theme polysaccharides 34:48 arg1 extraction 20:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction 0:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 0:128 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 27162382 7 33 theme reducing 1288:1295 arg1 power 1297:1301 reducing power 1288:1301 reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2 1288:1448 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 5 34 theme Sephadex 715:722 arg1 chromatography 737:750 DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 693:750 chromatography 737:750 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 5 35 theme average 604:610 arg1 weights 622:628 The average molecular weights 600:628 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 600:750 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 5 35 theme average 604:610 arg1 125.4 757:761 125.4 757:761 125.4 757:761 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 1 36 theme economic 205:212 arg1 applications 214:225 therapeutic and economic applications 189:225 therapeutic and economic applications in China 189:234 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 8 37 theme polysaccharides 1471:1485 arg1 yield 1487:1491 the polysaccharides yield 1467:1491 the polysaccharides yield than CSE, meanwhile, no significant difference of polysaccharides chemical compositions 1467:1579 As UAE improved the polysaccharides yield than CSE, meanwhile, no significant difference of polysaccharides chemical compositions. 27162382 6 38 theme galacturonic 975:986 arg1 acid 988:991 galacturonic acid 975:991 galacturonic acid respectively 975:1004 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 5 39 theme G-100 724:728 arg1 chromatography 737:750 DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 693:750 chromatography 737:750 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 1 40 theme Artemisia 130:138 arg1 herb 179:182 a perennial herb 167:182 a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China 167:234 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 1 40 theme Artemisia 130:138 arg1 AST 159:161 AST 159:161 AST 159:161 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 1 40 theme Artemisia 130:138 arg1 Turcz 152:156 Artemisia selengensis Turcz 130:156 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) 130:162 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 3 41 theme optimal 477:483 arg1 conditions 485:494 The optimal conditions 473:494 The optimal conditions determined 473:505 The optimal conditions determined were as: ultrasonic power 146 W, extraction time 14.5 min. 27162382 0 42 theme Artemisia 55:63 arg1 Turcz 77:81 Artemisia selengensis Turcz 55:81 Artemisia selengensis Turcz 55:81 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 27162382 4 43 theme extraction 570:579 arg1 temperature 581:591 extraction temperature 570:591 extraction temperature 570:591 and extraction temperature 60 °C. 27162382 5 44 theme column 730:735 arg1 chromatography 737:750 DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 693:750 chromatography 737:750 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 6 45 theme APS2 1056:1059 arg1 APS1 1047:1050 APS1 1047:1050 APS1 1047:1050 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 6 45 theme APS2 1056:1059 arg1 % 1042:1042 molar % 1036:1042 molar % of APS1 and APS2 1036:1059 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 6 45 theme APS2 1056:1059 arg1 APS2 1056:1059 APS2 1056:1059 APS2 1056:1059 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 7 46 from activity 1431:1438 arg1 HepG-2 1443:1448 HepG-2 1443:1448 HepG-2 1443:1448 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 8 47 theme significant 1517:1527 arg1 CSE 1498:1500 CSE 1498:1500 CSE 1498:1500 As UAE improved the polysaccharides yield than CSE, meanwhile, no significant difference of polysaccharides chemical compositions. 27162382 8 47 theme significant 1517:1527 arg1 difference 1529:1538 no significant difference 1514:1538 no significant difference of polysaccharides 1514:1557 As UAE improved the polysaccharides yield than CSE, meanwhile, no significant difference of polysaccharides chemical compositions. 27162382 7 48 from BGC823 1410:1415 arg1 HepG-2 1443:1448 HepG-2 1443:1448 HepG-2 1443:1448 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 6 49 theme Monosaccharide 792:805 arg1 analysis 807:814 Monosaccharide analysis 792:814 Monosaccharide analysis 792:814 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 7 50 dep indicated 1309:1317 arg1 showed 1338:1343 showed 1338:1343 indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2 1309:1448 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 6 51 theme monomer 955:961 arg1 glucose 963:969 one different monomer glucose 941:969 one different monomer glucose 941:969 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 9 52 theme many 1691:1694 arg1 diseases 1696:1703 many diseases 1691:1703 many diseases 1691:1703 Therefore, the present study suggests that the consumption of AST leaves may beneficial for the treatment of many diseases. 27162382 1 53 theme selengensis 140:150 arg1 herb 179:182 a perennial herb 167:182 a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China 167:234 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 1 53 theme selengensis 140:150 arg1 AST 159:161 AST 159:161 AST 159:161 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 1 53 theme selengensis 140:150 arg1 Turcz 152:156 Artemisia selengensis Turcz 130:156 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) 130:162 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 0 54 theme selengensis 65:75 arg1 Turcz 77:81 Artemisia selengensis Turcz 55:81 Artemisia selengensis Turcz 55:81 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 27162382 6 55 theme different 945:953 arg1 glucose 963:969 one different monomer glucose 941:969 one different monomer glucose 941:969 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 5 56 theme DEAE 693:696 arg1 cellulose-52 698:709 DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 693:750 cellulose-52 698:709 The average molecular weights of two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS1 and APS2) purified by DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography were 125.4 and 184.1 kDa, respectively. 27162382 3 57 theme ultrasonic 516:525 arg1 14.5 min 556:563 extraction time 14.5 min 540:563 extraction time 14.5 min 540:563 The optimal conditions determined were as: ultrasonic power 146 W, extraction time 14.5 min. 27162382 3 57 theme ultrasonic 516:525 arg1 146 W 533:537 ultrasonic power 146 W 516:537 ultrasonic power 146 W 516:537 The optimal conditions determined were as: ultrasonic power 146 W, extraction time 14.5 min. 27162382 8 58 theme chemical 1559:1566 arg1 compositions 1568:1579 chemical compositions 1559:1579 chemical compositions 1559:1579 As UAE improved the polysaccharides yield than CSE, meanwhile, no significant difference of polysaccharides chemical compositions. 27162382 6 59 dep galactose 886:894 arg1 i.e. 880:883 i.e. 880:883 i.e. 880:883 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 1 60 with herb 179:182 arg1 applications 214:225 therapeutic and economic applications 189:225 therapeutic and economic applications in China 189:234 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 6 61 theme common 864:869 arg1 monomers 871:878 five common monomers 859:878 five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively 859:1004 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 1 62 from applications 214:225 arg1 China 230:234 China 230:234 China 230:234 Artemisia selengensis Turcz (AST) is a perennial herb with therapeutic and economic applications in China. 27162382 6 63 theme molar 1036:1040 arg1 APS1 1047:1050 APS1 1047:1050 APS1 1047:1050 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 6 63 theme molar 1036:1040 arg1 % 1042:1042 molar % 1036:1042 molar % of APS1 and APS2 1036:1059 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 6 63 theme molar 1036:1040 arg1 APS2 1056:1059 APS2 1056:1059 APS2 1056:1059 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 3 64 theme extraction 540:549 arg1 14.5 min 556:563 extraction time 14.5 min 540:563 extraction time 14.5 min 540:563 The optimal conditions determined were as: ultrasonic power 146 W, extraction time 14.5 min. 27162382 3 64 theme extraction 540:549 arg1 146 W 533:537 ultrasonic power 146 W 516:537 ultrasonic power 146 W 516:537 The optimal conditions determined were as: ultrasonic power 146 W, extraction time 14.5 min. 27162382 0 65 from activities 118:127 arg1 extraction 20:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction 0:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 0:128 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. 27162382 3 66 theme time 551:554 arg1 14.5 min 556:563 extraction time 14.5 min 540:563 extraction time 14.5 min 540:563 The optimal conditions determined were as: ultrasonic power 146 W, extraction time 14.5 min. 27162382 3 66 theme time 551:554 arg1 146 W 533:537 ultrasonic power 146 W 516:537 ultrasonic power 146 W 516:537 The optimal conditions determined were as: ultrasonic power 146 W, extraction time 14.5 min. 27162382 6 67 theme galacturonic 1088:1099 arg1 acid 1101:1104 galacturonic acid 1088:1104 galacturonic acid (48.87 %) 1088:1114 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 6 67 theme galacturonic 1088:1099 arg1 % 1113:1113 48.87 % 1107:1113 48.87 % 1107:1113 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 7 68 theme radical 1256:1262 arg1 activity 1275:1282 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 1247:1282 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 1247:1282 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 8 69 theme polysaccharides 1543:1557 arg1 CSE 1498:1500 CSE 1498:1500 CSE 1498:1500 As UAE improved the polysaccharides yield than CSE, meanwhile, no significant difference of polysaccharides chemical compositions. 27162382 8 69 theme polysaccharides 1543:1557 arg1 difference 1529:1538 no significant difference 1514:1538 no significant difference of polysaccharides 1514:1557 As UAE improved the polysaccharides yield than CSE, meanwhile, no significant difference of polysaccharides chemical compositions. 27162382 8 70 dep CSE 1498:1500 arg1 compositions 1568:1579 chemical compositions 1559:1579 chemical compositions 1559:1579 As UAE improved the polysaccharides yield than CSE, meanwhile, no significant difference of polysaccharides chemical compositions. 27162382 2 71 theme extraction 272:281 arg1 parameters 289:298 ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters 252:298 ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters 252:298 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 72 theme factorial 422:430 arg1 design 432:437 a factorial design 420:437 a factorial design 420:437 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 3 73 theme power 527:531 arg1 14.5 min 556:563 extraction time 14.5 min 540:563 extraction time 14.5 min 540:563 The optimal conditions determined were as: ultrasonic power 146 W, extraction time 14.5 min. 27162382 3 73 theme power 527:531 arg1 146 W 533:537 ultrasonic power 146 W 516:537 ultrasonic power 146 W 516:537 The optimal conditions determined were as: ultrasonic power 146 W, extraction time 14.5 min. 27162382 2 74 theme ultrasound-assisted 252:270 arg1 extraction 272:281 ultrasound-assisted extraction 252:281 ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters 252:298 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 2 74 theme ultrasound-assisted 252:270 arg1 UAE 284:286 UAE 284:286 UAE 284:286 The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters upon extraction yield (EY%), antioxidant and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides extracts were studied by using a factorial design and response surface methodology. 27162382 7 75 theme antioxidant 1188:1198 arg1 properties 1200:1209 The antioxidant properties 1184:1209 The antioxidant properties 1184:1209 The antioxidant properties were determined by evaluating DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power which indicated both APS1 and APS2 showed strong scavenging activities and anticancer activities on HT-29, BGC823 and antitumor activity on HepG-2. 27162382 6 76 theme abundant 1019:1026 arg1 part 1028:1031 a most abundant part 1012:1031 a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 1012:1059 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 27162382 6 76 theme abundant 1019:1026 arg1 glucose 1066:1072 glucose 1066:1072 glucose (83.01 %) 1066:1082 Monosaccharide analysis showed that APS1 and APS2 were composed of five common monomers i.e., galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose and one different monomer glucose and galacturonic acid respectively, with a most abundant part in molar % of APS1 and APS2 were glucose (83.01 %) and galacturonic acid (48.87 %) while least were xylose (0.80 %) and mannose (1.73 %) respectively. 24131280 0 0 theme scaffold 87:94 arg1 structure 96:104 scaffold structure 87:104 scaffold structure 87:104 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 2 1 theme corresponding 450:462 arg1 films 476:480 corresponding homogeneous films 450:480 corresponding homogeneous films 450:480 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds were prepared from poly(ester-urethane) (PU) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) as well as corresponding homogeneous films. 24131280 1 2 with scaffold 235:242 arg1 architecture 279:290 an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture 249:290 an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering 249:313 Electrospinning technology is an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering. 24131280 1 3 theme Electrospinning 158:172 arg1 process 202:208 an attractive process 188:208 an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering 188:313 Electrospinning technology is an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering. 24131280 1 3 theme Electrospinning 158:172 arg1 technology 174:183 Electrospinning technology 158:183 Electrospinning technology 158:183 Electrospinning technology is an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering. 24131280 5 4 theme PCL 774:776 arg1 films 778:782 PU and PCL films 767:782 PU and PCL films 767:782 PU and PCL films and scaffolds supported AF cell growth and extracellular matrix production and accumulation. 24131280 4 5 theme architecture 693:704 arg1 effect 674:679 The effect 670:679 The effect of scaffold architecture and polymer composition on bovine AF cells 670:747 The effect of scaffold architecture and polymer composition on bovine AF cells was investigated. 24131280 8 6 theme electrospun 1193:1203 arg1 scaffold 1208:1215 an oriented electrospun PU scaffold 1181:1215 an oriented electrospun PU scaffold 1181:1215 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 6 7 theme collagen 926:933 arg1 retention 913:921 the retention 909:921 the retention of collagen and glycosaminoglycan 909:955 Electrospun scaffolds increased the retention of collagen and glycosaminoglycan compared with films. 24131280 7 8 theme scaffolds 1003:1011 arg1 orientation 984:994 Fiber orientation 978:994 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds 978:1011 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds promoted the AF cell phenotype with a trend toward an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds. 24131280 0 9 theme structure 96:104 arg1 effect 77:82 effect 77:82 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 0:156 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 5 10 theme cell 811:814 arg1 growth 816:821 AF cell growth 808:821 AF cell growth 808:821 PU and PCL films and scaffolds supported AF cell growth and extracellular matrix production and accumulation. 24131280 4 11 theme bovine 733:738 arg1 cells 743:747 bovine AF cells 733:747 bovine AF cells 733:747 The effect of scaffold architecture and polymer composition on bovine AF cells was investigated. 24131280 4 12 from effect 674:679 arg1 cells 743:747 bovine AF cells 733:747 bovine AF cells 733:747 The effect of scaffold architecture and polymer composition on bovine AF cells was investigated. 24131280 8 13 theme yield 1165:1169 arg1 advantageous 1257:1268 advantageous 1257:1268 advantageous 1257:1268 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 8 13 theme yield 1165:1169 arg1 strain 1171:1176 The higher yield strain 1154:1176 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold 1154:1215 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 8 14 theme scaffold 1208:1215 arg1 advantageous 1257:1268 advantageous 1257:1268 advantageous 1257:1268 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 8 14 theme scaffold 1208:1215 arg1 strain 1171:1176 The higher yield strain 1154:1176 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold 1154:1215 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 6 15 theme glycosaminoglycan 939:955 arg1 retention 913:921 the retention 909:921 the retention of collagen and glycosaminoglycan 909:955 Electrospun scaffolds increased the retention of collagen and glycosaminoglycan compared with films. 24131280 8 16 theme mechanical 1312:1321 arg1 environment 1323:1333 a dynamic mechanical environment 1302:1333 a dynamic mechanical environment 1302:1333 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 8 17 theme tissue 1277:1282 arg1 engineering 1284:1294 tissue engineering 1277:1294 tissue engineering 1277:1294 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 0 18 theme composition 110:120 arg1 effect 77:82 effect 77:82 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 0:156 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 7 19 theme nonoriented 1131:1141 arg1 scaffolds 1143:1151 nonoriented scaffolds 1131:1151 nonoriented scaffolds 1131:1151 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds promoted the AF cell phenotype with a trend toward an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds. 24131280 3 20 theme mechanical 514:523 arg1 properties 525:534 mechanical properties 514:534 mechanical properties 514:534 Scaffolds' characteristics and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, static water contact measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. 24131280 0 21 theme electrospun 14:24 arg1 scaffolds 26:34 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds 0:34 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 0:156 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 7 22 theme oriented 1110:1117 arg1 relative 1119:1126 oriented relative 1110:1126 oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds 1110:1151 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds promoted the AF cell phenotype with a trend toward an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds. 24131280 7 23 theme Fiber 978:982 arg1 orientation 984:994 Fiber orientation 978:994 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds 978:1011 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds promoted the AF cell phenotype with a trend toward an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds. 24131280 2 24 theme Oriented 316:323 arg1 scaffolds 353:361 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds 316:361 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds 316:361 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds were prepared from poly(ester-urethane) (PU) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) as well as corresponding homogeneous films. 24131280 1 25 theme attractive 191:200 arg1 process 202:208 an attractive process 188:208 an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering 188:313 Electrospinning technology is an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering. 24131280 1 25 theme attractive 191:200 arg1 technology 174:183 Electrospinning technology 158:183 Electrospinning technology 158:183 Electrospinning technology is an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering. 24131280 0 26 theme Biodegradable 0:12 arg1 scaffolds 26:34 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds 0:34 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 0:156 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 3 27 theme electron 567:574 arg1 microscopy 576:585 scanning electron microscopy 558:585 scanning electron microscopy 558:585 Scaffolds' characteristics and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, static water contact measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. 24131280 8 28 theme other 1232:1236 arg1 scaffolds 1238:1246 other scaffolds 1232:1246 other scaffolds 1232:1246 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 1 29 theme -like 273:277 arg1 architecture 279:290 an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture 249:290 an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering 249:313 Electrospinning technology is an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering. 24131280 0 30 theme fibrosus 133:140 arg1 cells 142:146 annulus fibrosus cells 125:146 annulus fibrosus cells 125:146 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 5 31 theme extracellular 827:839 arg1 production 848:857 extracellular matrix production 827:857 extracellular matrix production 827:857 PU and PCL films and scaffolds supported AF cell growth and extracellular matrix production and accumulation. 24131280 4 32 theme AF 740:741 arg1 cells 743:747 bovine AF cells 733:747 bovine AF cells 733:747 The effect of scaffold architecture and polymer composition on bovine AF cells was investigated. 24131280 0 33 theme annulus 125:131 arg1 cells 142:146 annulus fibrosus cells 125:146 annulus fibrosus cells 125:146 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 3 34 theme dynamic 627:633 arg1 analysis 646:653 dynamic mechanical analysis 627:653 dynamic mechanical analysis 627:653 Scaffolds' characteristics and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, static water contact measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. 24131280 5 35 theme matrix 841:846 arg1 production 848:857 extracellular matrix production 827:857 extracellular matrix production 827:857 PU and PCL films and scaffolds supported AF cell growth and extracellular matrix production and accumulation. 24131280 0 36 theme fibrosus 48:55 arg1 engineering 64:74 annulus fibrosus tissue engineering 40:74 annulus fibrosus tissue engineering 40:74 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 4 37 theme polymer 710:716 arg1 composition 718:728 polymer composition 710:728 polymer composition 710:728 The effect of scaffold architecture and polymer composition on bovine AF cells was investigated. 24131280 7 38 theme matrix 1083:1088 arg1 expression 1095:1104 matrix gene expression 1083:1104 matrix gene expression 1083:1104 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds promoted the AF cell phenotype with a trend toward an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds. 24131280 6 39 theme Electrospun 877:887 arg1 scaffolds 889:897 Electrospun scaffolds 877:897 Electrospun scaffolds 877:897 Electrospun scaffolds increased the retention of collagen and glycosaminoglycan compared with films. 24131280 3 40 theme static 588:593 arg1 measurements 609:620 static water contact measurements 588:620 static water contact measurements 588:620 Scaffolds' characteristics and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, static water contact measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. 24131280 8 41 theme dynamic 1304:1310 arg1 environment 1323:1333 a dynamic mechanical environment 1302:1333 a dynamic mechanical environment 1302:1333 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 0 42 theme annulus 40:46 arg1 engineering 64:74 annulus fibrosus tissue engineering 40:74 annulus fibrosus tissue engineering 40:74 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 1 43 theme tissue 296:301 arg1 engineering 303:313 tissue engineering 296:313 tissue engineering 296:313 Electrospinning technology is an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering. 24131280 7 44 theme gene 1090:1093 arg1 expression 1095:1104 matrix gene expression 1083:1104 matrix gene expression 1083:1104 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds promoted the AF cell phenotype with a trend toward an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds. 24131280 0 45 from effect 77:82 arg1 cells 142:146 annulus fibrosus cells 125:146 annulus fibrosus cells 125:146 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 3 46 theme water 595:599 arg1 measurements 609:620 static water contact measurements 588:620 static water contact measurements 588:620 Scaffolds' characteristics and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, static water contact measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. 24131280 8 47 theme PU 1205:1206 arg1 scaffold 1208:1215 an oriented electrospun PU scaffold 1181:1215 an oriented electrospun PU scaffold 1181:1215 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 3 48 theme mechanical 635:644 arg1 analysis 646:653 dynamic mechanical analysis 627:653 dynamic mechanical analysis 627:653 Scaffolds' characteristics and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, static water contact measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. 24131280 4 49 theme composition 718:728 arg1 effect 674:679 The effect 670:679 The effect of scaffold architecture and polymer composition on bovine AF cells 670:747 The effect of scaffold architecture and polymer composition on bovine AF cells was investigated. 24131280 0 50 theme tissue 57:62 arg1 engineering 64:74 annulus fibrosus tissue engineering 40:74 annulus fibrosus tissue engineering 40:74 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 7 51 theme expression 1095:1104 arg1 upregulation 1067:1078 an upregulation 1064:1078 an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds 1064:1151 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds promoted the AF cell phenotype with a trend toward an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds. 24131280 2 52 theme electrospun 341:351 arg1 scaffolds 353:361 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds 316:361 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds 316:361 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds were prepared from poly(ester-urethane) (PU) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) as well as corresponding homogeneous films. 24131280 3 53 theme scanning 558:565 arg1 microscopy 576:585 scanning electron microscopy 558:585 scanning electron microscopy 558:585 Scaffolds' characteristics and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, static water contact measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. 24131280 8 54 theme higher 1158:1163 arg1 advantageous 1257:1268 advantageous 1257:1268 advantageous 1257:1268 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 8 54 theme higher 1158:1163 arg1 strain 1171:1176 The higher yield strain 1154:1176 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold 1154:1215 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 24131280 5 55 theme PU 767:768 arg1 films 778:782 PU and PCL films 767:782 PU and PCL films 767:782 PU and PCL films and scaffolds supported AF cell growth and extracellular matrix production and accumulation. 24131280 2 56 theme nonoriented 329:339 arg1 scaffolds 353:361 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds 316:361 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds 316:361 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds were prepared from poly(ester-urethane) (PU) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) as well as corresponding homogeneous films. 24131280 0 57 dep scaffolds 26:34 arg1 effect 77:82 effect 77:82 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 0:156 Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. 24131280 7 58 theme AF 1026:1027 arg1 phenotype 1034:1042 the AF cell phenotype 1022:1042 the AF cell phenotype 1022:1042 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds promoted the AF cell phenotype with a trend toward an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds. 24131280 1 59 theme scaffold 235:242 arg1 fabrication 218:228 the fabrication 214:228 the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering 214:313 Electrospinning technology is an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering. 24131280 3 60 theme contact 601:607 arg1 measurements 609:620 static water contact measurements 588:620 static water contact measurements 588:620 Scaffolds' characteristics and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, static water contact measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. 24131280 7 61 theme cell 1029:1032 arg1 phenotype 1034:1042 the AF cell phenotype 1022:1042 the AF cell phenotype 1022:1042 Fiber orientation of the scaffolds promoted the AF cell phenotype with a trend toward an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds. 24131280 4 62 theme scaffold 684:691 arg1 architecture 693:704 scaffold architecture 684:704 scaffold architecture 684:704 The effect of scaffold architecture and polymer composition on bovine AF cells was investigated. 24131280 2 63 theme homogeneous 464:474 arg1 films 476:480 corresponding homogeneous films 450:480 corresponding homogeneous films 450:480 Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds were prepared from poly(ester-urethane) (PU) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) as well as corresponding homogeneous films. 24131280 5 64 theme AF 808:809 arg1 growth 816:821 AF cell growth 808:821 AF cell growth 808:821 PU and PCL films and scaffolds supported AF cell growth and extracellular matrix production and accumulation. 24131280 8 65 theme oriented 1184:1191 arg1 scaffold 1208:1215 an oriented electrospun PU scaffold 1181:1215 an oriented electrospun PU scaffold 1181:1215 The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment. 27545601 4 0 theme acyl 946:949 arg1 selectivity 957:967 acyl chain selectivity 946:967 acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 946:1055 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 6 1 theme reported 1233:1240 arg1 structures 1242:1251 other reported structures 1227:1251 other reported structures of LpxAs 1227:1260 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 4 2 theme enzymes 992:998 arg1 selectivity 957:967 acyl chain selectivity 946:967 acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 946:1055 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 4 3 theme several 920:926 arg1 selectivity 957:967 acyl chain selectivity 946:967 acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 946:1055 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 4 3 theme several 920:926 arg1 factors 928:934 several factors 920:934 several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 920:1055 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 1 4 theme essential 338:346 arg1 step 348:351 an essential step 335:351 an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria 335:389 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 6 5 theme C-terminal 1180:1189 arg1 domain 1205:1210 C-terminal alpha-helical domain 1180:1210 C-terminal alpha-helical domain 1180:1210 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 4 6 theme lipid 895:899 arg1 A 901:901 lipid A 895:901 lipid A 895:901 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 6 7 theme alpha-helical 1191:1203 arg1 domain 1205:1210 C-terminal alpha-helical domain 1180:1210 C-terminal alpha-helical domain 1180:1210 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 5 8 theme LpxA 1110:1113 arg1 structure 1085:1093 the crystal structure 1073:1093 the crystal structure of F. novicida LpxA (FnLpxA) at 2.06 Å 1073:1132 We also report the crystal structure of F. novicida LpxA (FnLpxA) at 2.06 Å. 27545601 3 9 from 3-OH-C16 822:829 arg1 E. coli 834:840 E. coli 834:840 E. coli 834:840 Here we demonstrate that Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA functionally complements an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant and efficiently transfers 3-OH-C14 as well as 3-OH-C16 in E. coli. 27545601 2 10 dep chain 612:616 arg1 3-OH-C12 629:636 3-OH-C12 629:636 3-OH-C12 629:636 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 10 dep chain 612:616 arg1 3-OH-C10 643:650 3-OH-C10 643:650 3-OH-C10 643:650 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 10 dep chain 612:616 arg1 3-OH-C14 619:626 3-OH-C14 619:626 3-OH-C14 619:626 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 7 11 theme FnLpxA 1432:1437 arg1 trimer 1422:1427 a functional trimer 1409:1427 a functional trimer of FnLpxA 1409:1437 However, our structure indicates that the supposed ruler residues for hydrocarbon length, 171L in one monomer and 168H in the adjacent monomer in a functional trimer of FnLpxA, are located just 3.8 Å apart that renders not enough space for binding of 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains. 27545601 2 12 theme acyl 561:564 arg1 chain 566:570 longer acyl chain 554:570 longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) 554:594 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 13 theme acyl 607:610 arg1 chain 612:616 short acyl chain 601:616 short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10) 601:651 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 7 14 theme chains 1538:1543 arg1 binding 1503:1509 binding 1503:1509 binding of 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains 1503:1543 However, our structure indicates that the supposed ruler residues for hydrocarbon length, 171L in one monomer and 168H in the adjacent monomer in a functional trimer of FnLpxA, are located just 3.8 Å apart that renders not enough space for binding of 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains. 27545601 7 15 from monomer 1398:1404 arg1 trimer 1422:1427 a functional trimer 1409:1427 a functional trimer of FnLpxA 1409:1437 However, our structure indicates that the supposed ruler residues for hydrocarbon length, 171L in one monomer and 168H in the adjacent monomer in a functional trimer of FnLpxA, are located just 3.8 Å apart that renders not enough space for binding of 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains. 27545601 8 16 theme hydrophobic 1598:1608 arg1 pocket 1610:1615 an alternative hydrophobic pocket 1583:1615 an alternative hydrophobic pocket 1583:1615 This implicates that FnLpxA may have an alternative hydrophobic pocket, or the acyl chain may bend while binding to FnLpxA. 27545601 8 17 theme alternative 1586:1596 arg1 pocket 1610:1615 an alternative hydrophobic pocket 1583:1615 an alternative hydrophobic pocket 1583:1615 This implicates that FnLpxA may have an alternative hydrophobic pocket, or the acyl chain may bend while binding to FnLpxA. 27545601 2 18 theme short 601:605 arg1 chain 612:616 short acyl chain 601:616 short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10) 601:651 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 9 19 theme binding 1735:1741 arg1 site 1743:1746 a potential inhibitor binding site 1713:1746 a potential inhibitor binding site for development of antibiotics 1713:1777 In addition, the FnLpxA structure suggests a potential inhibitor binding site for development of antibiotics. 27545601 4 20 theme A 901:901 arg1 length 885:890 the acyl chain length 870:890 the acyl chain length of lipid A 870:901 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 2 21 dep chain 566:570 arg1 3-OH-C18 586:593 3-OH-C18 586:593 3-OH-C18 586:593 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 21 dep chain 566:570 arg1 3-OH-C16 573:580 3-OH-C16 573:580 3-OH-C16 573:580 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 22 contain contains 456:463 arg2 3-OH-C18 477:484 3-OH-C18 477:484 3-OH-C18 477:484 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 22 contain contains 456:463 arg2 3-OH-C16 465:472 3-OH-C16 465:472 3-OH-C16 465:472 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 22 contain contains 456:463 arg1 positions 504:512 its C3 and C3' positions 489:512 its C3 and C3' positions 489:512 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 22 contain contains 456:463 arg2 majority 402:409 the majority 398:409 the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida 398:454 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 22 contain contains 456:463 arg1 majority 402:409 the majority 398:409 the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida 398:454 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 1 23 theme first 100:104 arg1 step 106:109 The first step 96:109 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) 96:163 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 4 24 theme LpxA 972:975 arg1 selectivity 957:967 acyl chain selectivity 946:967 acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 946:1055 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 1 25 theme Gram-negative 368:380 arg1 bacteria 382:389 Gram-negative bacteria 368:389 Gram-negative bacteria 368:389 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 3 26 from 3-OH-C14 802:809 arg1 E. coli 834:840 E. coli 834:840 E. coli 834:840 Here we demonstrate that Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA functionally complements an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant and efficiently transfers 3-OH-C14 as well as 3-OH-C16 in E. coli. 27545601 6 27 theme other 1227:1231 arg1 structures 1242:1251 other reported structures 1227:1251 other reported structures of LpxAs 1227:1260 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 8 28 theme acyl 1625:1628 arg1 chain 1630:1634 the acyl chain 1621:1634 the acyl chain 1621:1634 This implicates that FnLpxA may have an alternative hydrophobic pocket, or the acyl chain may bend while binding to FnLpxA. 27545601 0 29 theme Crystal 0:6 arg1 structure 8:16 Crystal structure 0:16 Crystal structure 0:16 Crystal structure and activity of Francisella novicida UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase. 27545601 1 30 theme R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl 270:294 arg1 protein 304:310 R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein 270:310 R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP) 270:325 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 1 30 theme R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl 270:294 arg1 3-OH-C14-ACP 313:324 3-OH-C14-ACP 313:324 3-OH-C14-ACP 313:324 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 9 31 theme antibiotics 1767:1777 arg1 development 1752:1762 development 1752:1762 development of antibiotics 1752:1777 In addition, the FnLpxA structure suggests a potential inhibitor binding site for development of antibiotics. 27545601 7 32 theme hydrocarbon 1333:1343 arg1 length 1345:1350 hydrocarbon length 1333:1350 hydrocarbon length 1333:1350 However, our structure indicates that the supposed ruler residues for hydrocarbon length, 171L in one monomer and 168H in the adjacent monomer in a functional trimer of FnLpxA, are located just 3.8 Å apart that renders not enough space for binding of 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains. 27545601 4 33 theme acyl-ACP 1035:1042 arg1 in vivo 1049:1055 the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 1031:1055 the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 1031:1055 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 4 34 theme downstream 981:990 arg1 enzymes 992:998 downstream enzymes 981:998 downstream enzymes 981:998 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 1 35 theme carrier 296:302 arg1 protein 304:310 R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein 270:310 R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP) 270:325 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 1 35 theme carrier 296:302 arg1 3-OH-C14-ACP 313:324 3-OH-C14-ACP 313:324 3-OH-C14-ACP 313:324 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 4 36 theme acyl 874:877 arg1 length 885:890 the acyl chain length 870:890 the acyl chain length of lipid A 870:901 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 2 37 attach isolated 430:437 arg2 species 422:428 lipid A species 414:428 lipid A species isolated from F. novicida 414:454 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 37 attach isolated 430:437 arg1 F. novicida 444:454 F. novicida 444:454 F. novicida 444:454 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 1 38 theme lipid 114:118 arg1 biosynthesis 122:133 lipid A biosynthesis 114:133 lipid A biosynthesis 114:133 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 2 39 theme A 420:420 arg1 species 422:428 lipid A species 414:428 lipid A species isolated from F. novicida 414:454 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 2 40 theme species 422:428 arg1 majority 402:409 the majority 398:409 the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida 398:454 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 3 41 theme Francisella 679:689 arg1 lpxA 714:717 Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA 679:717 Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA 679:717 Here we demonstrate that Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA functionally complements an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant and efficiently transfers 3-OH-C14 as well as 3-OH-C16 in E. coli. 27545601 6 42 theme LpxAs 1256:1260 arg1 structures 1242:1251 other reported structures 1227:1251 other reported structures of LpxAs 1227:1260 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 1 43 theme bacteria 382:389 arg1 majority 356:363 majority 356:363 majority of Gram-negative bacteria 356:389 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 1 44 theme A 120:120 arg1 biosynthesis 122:133 lipid A biosynthesis 114:133 lipid A biosynthesis 114:133 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 4 45 theme in vivo 1049:1055 arg1 LpxA 972:975 LpxA 972:975 LpxA 972:975 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 4 45 theme in vivo 1049:1055 arg1 enzymes 992:998 downstream enzymes 981:998 downstream enzymes 981:998 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 4 45 theme in vivo 1049:1055 arg1 composition 1016:1026 the composition 1012:1026 the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 1012:1055 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 2 46 theme lipid 414:418 arg1 species 422:428 lipid A species 414:428 lipid A species isolated from F. novicida 414:454 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 0 47 theme Francisella 34:44 arg1 activity 22:29 activity 22:29 activity 22:29 Crystal structure and activity of Francisella novicida UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase. 27545601 0 47 theme Francisella 34:44 arg1 structure 8:16 Crystal structure 0:16 Crystal structure 0:16 Crystal structure and activity of Francisella novicida UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase. 27545601 3 48 theme novicida 691:698 arg1 lpxA 714:717 Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA 679:717 Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA 679:717 Here we demonstrate that Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA functionally complements an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant and efficiently transfers 3-OH-C14 as well as 3-OH-C16 in E. coli. 27545601 7 49 theme acyl 1533:1536 arg1 chains 1538:1543 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains 1514:1543 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains 1514:1543 However, our structure indicates that the supposed ruler residues for hydrocarbon length, 171L in one monomer and 168H in the adjacent monomer in a functional trimer of FnLpxA, are located just 3.8 Å apart that renders not enough space for binding of 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains. 27545601 8 50 contain have 1578:1581 arg1 FnLpxA 1567:1572 FnLpxA 1567:1572 FnLpxA 1567:1572 This implicates that FnLpxA may have an alternative hydrophobic pocket, or the acyl chain may bend while binding to FnLpxA. 27545601 8 50 contain have 1578:1581 arg2 pocket 1610:1615 an alternative hydrophobic pocket 1583:1615 an alternative hydrophobic pocket 1583:1615 This implicates that FnLpxA may have an alternative hydrophobic pocket, or the acyl chain may bend while binding to FnLpxA. 27545601 4 51 theme pool 1044:1047 arg1 in vivo 1049:1055 the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 1031:1055 the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 1031:1055 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 1 52 from step 348:351 arg1 majority 356:363 majority 356:363 majority of Gram-negative bacteria 356:389 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 4 53 theme chain 879:883 arg1 length 885:890 the acyl chain length 870:890 the acyl chain length of lipid A 870:901 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 6 54 theme parallel 1150:1157 arg1 similar 1216:1222 similar 1216:1222 similar 1216:1222 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 6 54 theme parallel 1150:1157 arg1 LβH 1171:1173 LβH 1171:1173 LβH 1171:1173 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 6 54 theme parallel 1150:1157 arg1 beta-helix 1159:1168 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix 1135:1168 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) 1135:1174 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 0 55 theme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 55:77 arg1 acyltransferase 79:93 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase 55:93 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase 55:93 Crystal structure and activity of Francisella novicida UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase. 27545601 5 56 theme crystal 1077:1083 arg1 structure 1085:1093 the crystal structure 1073:1093 the crystal structure of F. novicida LpxA (FnLpxA) at 2.06 Å 1073:1132 We also report the crystal structure of F. novicida LpxA (FnLpxA) at 2.06 Å. 27545601 2 57 theme longer 554:559 arg1 chain 566:570 longer acyl chain 554:570 longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) 554:594 Since the majority of lipid A species isolated from F. novicida contains 3-OH-C16 or 3-OH-C18 at its C3 and C3' positions, FnLpxA was thought to be selective for longer acyl chain (3-OH-C16 and 3-OH-C18) over short acyl chain (3-OH-C14, 3-OH-C12, and 3-OH-C10). 27545601 3 58 theme F. novicida 701:711 arg1 lpxA 714:717 Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA 679:717 Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA 679:717 Here we demonstrate that Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA functionally complements an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant and efficiently transfers 3-OH-C14 as well as 3-OH-C16 in E. coli. 27545601 6 59 theme N-terminal 1139:1148 arg1 similar 1216:1222 similar 1216:1222 similar 1216:1222 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 6 59 theme N-terminal 1139:1148 arg1 LβH 1171:1173 LβH 1171:1173 LβH 1171:1173 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 6 59 theme N-terminal 1139:1148 arg1 beta-helix 1159:1168 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix 1135:1168 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) 1135:1174 The N-terminal parallel beta-helix (LβH) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain are similar to other reported structures of LpxAs. 27545601 1 60 theme biosynthesis 122:133 arg1 step 106:109 The first step 96:109 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) 96:163 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 4 61 theme chain 951:955 arg1 selectivity 957:967 acyl chain selectivity 946:967 acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 946:1055 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 5 62 from 2.06 Å 1127:1132 arg1 structure 1085:1093 the crystal structure 1073:1093 the crystal structure of F. novicida LpxA (FnLpxA) at 2.06 Å 1073:1132 We also report the crystal structure of F. novicida LpxA (FnLpxA) at 2.06 Å. 27545601 7 63 theme functional 1411:1420 arg1 trimer 1422:1427 a functional trimer 1409:1427 a functional trimer of FnLpxA 1409:1437 However, our structure indicates that the supposed ruler residues for hydrocarbon length, 171L in one monomer and 168H in the adjacent monomer in a functional trimer of FnLpxA, are located just 3.8 Å apart that renders not enough space for binding of 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains. 27545601 9 64 theme potential 1715:1723 arg1 site 1743:1746 a potential inhibitor binding site 1713:1746 a potential inhibitor binding site for development of antibiotics 1713:1777 In addition, the FnLpxA structure suggests a potential inhibitor binding site for development of antibiotics. 27545601 3 65 theme knockout 760:767 arg1 mutant 769:774 an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant 744:774 an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant 744:774 Here we demonstrate that Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA functionally complements an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant and efficiently transfers 3-OH-C14 as well as 3-OH-C16 in E. coli. 27545601 7 66 theme supposed 1305:1312 arg1 residues 1320:1327 the supposed ruler residues 1301:1327 the supposed ruler residues 1301:1327 However, our structure indicates that the supposed ruler residues for hydrocarbon length, 171L in one monomer and 168H in the adjacent monomer in a functional trimer of FnLpxA, are located just 3.8 Å apart that renders not enough space for binding of 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains. 27545601 7 67 theme ruler 1314:1318 arg1 residues 1320:1327 the supposed ruler residues 1301:1327 the supposed ruler residues 1301:1327 However, our structure indicates that the supposed ruler residues for hydrocarbon length, 171L in one monomer and 168H in the adjacent monomer in a functional trimer of FnLpxA, are located just 3.8 Å apart that renders not enough space for binding of 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains. 27545601 3 68 theme lpxA 755:758 arg1 mutant 769:774 an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant 744:774 an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant 744:774 Here we demonstrate that Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA functionally complements an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant and efficiently transfers 3-OH-C14 as well as 3-OH-C16 in E. coli. 27545601 1 69 from step 106:109 arg1 E. coli 156:162 E. coli 156:162 E. coli 156:162 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 1 69 from step 106:109 arg1 coli 150:153 Escherichia coli 138:153 Escherichia coli (E. coli) 138:163 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 1 70 theme selective 215:223 arg1 LpxA 181:184 LpxA 181:184 LpxA (EcLpxA) 181:193 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 1 70 theme selective 215:223 arg1 acyltransferase 199:213 an acyltransferase 196:213 an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP) 196:325 The first step of lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is catalyzed by LpxA (EcLpxA), an acyltransferase selective for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-acyl carrier protein (3-OH-C14-ACP), and is an essential step in majority of Gram-negative bacteria. 27545601 9 71 theme inhibitor 1725:1733 arg1 site 1743:1746 a potential inhibitor binding site 1713:1746 a potential inhibitor binding site for development of antibiotics 1713:1777 In addition, the FnLpxA structure suggests a potential inhibitor binding site for development of antibiotics. 27545601 9 72 theme FnLpxA 1687:1692 arg1 structure 1694:1702 the FnLpxA structure 1683:1702 the FnLpxA structure 1683:1702 In addition, the FnLpxA structure suggests a potential inhibitor binding site for development of antibiotics. 27545601 4 73 theme composition 1016:1026 arg1 selectivity 957:967 acyl chain selectivity 946:967 acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo 946:1055 Our results implicate that the acyl chain length of lipid A is determined by several factors including acyl chain selectivity of LpxA and downstream enzymes, as well as the composition of the acyl-ACP pool in vivo. 27545601 7 74 theme adjacent 1389:1396 arg1 monomer 1398:1404 the adjacent monomer 1385:1404 the adjacent monomer in a functional trimer of FnLpxA 1385:1437 However, our structure indicates that the supposed ruler residues for hydrocarbon length, 171L in one monomer and 168H in the adjacent monomer in a functional trimer of FnLpxA, are located just 3.8 Å apart that renders not enough space for binding of 3-OH-C12 or longer acyl chains. 27545601 3 75 theme E. coli 747:753 arg1 mutant 769:774 an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant 744:774 an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant 744:774 Here we demonstrate that Francisella novicida (F. novicida) lpxA functionally complements an E. coli lpxA knockout mutant and efficiently transfers 3-OH-C14 as well as 3-OH-C16 in E. coli. 26051169 0 0 theme prebiotic 86:94 arg1 effects 110:116 prebiotic and metabolic effects 86:116 prebiotic and metabolic effects 86:116 Pomegranate ellagitannins stimulate growth of gut bacteria in vitro: Implications for prebiotic and metabolic effects. 26051169 1 1 from utilization 381:391 arg1 growth 232:237 the growth 228:237 the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 228:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 6 2 theme B. fragilis 1049:1059 arg1 group 1061:1065 B. fragilis group 1049:1065 B. fragilis group 1049:1065 POMx and POM juice increased the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae in a dose-response manner. 26051169 8 3 theme in vitro 1336:1343 arg1 cultures 1351:1358 the in vitro stool cultures 1332:1358 the in vitro stool cultures 1332:1358 Neither POMx nor POM juice was converted to urolithins by the test bacteria or the in vitro stool cultures. 26051169 6 4 theme Lactobacillus 993:1005 arg1 counts 963:968 the mean counts 954:968 the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 954:1005 POMx and POM juice increased the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae in a dose-response manner. 26051169 10 5 theme human 1670:1674 arg1 health 1676:1681 human health 1670:1681 human health 1670:1681 The concept that polyphenols such as those in pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations may establish a new role for polyphenols in human health. 26051169 1 6 dep groups 248:253 arg1 Enterobacteriaceae 279:296 Enterobacteriaceae 279:296 Enterobacteriaceae 279:296 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 6 dep groups 248:253 arg1 bifidobacteria 339:352 bifidobacteria 339:352 bifidobacteria 339:352 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 6 dep groups 248:253 arg1 groups 248:253 major groups 242:253 major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 242:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 6 dep groups 248:253 arg1 bacteria 269:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 6 dep groups 248:253 arg1 group 320:324 Bacteroides fragilis group 299:324 Bacteroides fragilis group 299:324 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 6 dep groups 248:253 arg1 lactobacilli 359:370 lactobacilli 359:370 lactobacilli 359:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 6 dep groups 248:253 arg1 clostridia 327:336 clostridia 327:336 clostridia 327:336 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 2 7 theme acid 607:610 arg1 GAE 624:626 GAE 624:626 GAE 624:626 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). 26051169 2 7 theme acid 607:610 arg1 equivalent 612:621 gallic acid equivalent 600:621 gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 600:627 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). 26051169 1 8 theme pomegranate 164:174 arg1 POMx 185:188 POMx 185:188 POMx 185:188 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 8 theme pomegranate 164:174 arg1 extract 176:182 pomegranate extract 164:182 pomegranate extract (POMx) 164:189 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 0 9 theme metabolic 100:108 arg1 effects 110:116 prebiotic and metabolic effects 86:116 prebiotic and metabolic effects 86:116 Pomegranate ellagitannins stimulate growth of gut bacteria in vitro: Implications for prebiotic and metabolic effects. 26051169 2 10 theme gallic 600:605 arg1 acid 607:610 gallic acid 600:610 gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 600:627 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). 26051169 10 11 theme impact 1592:1597 arg1 populations 1614:1624 pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations 1580:1624 pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations 1580:1624 The concept that polyphenols such as those in pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations may establish a new role for polyphenols in human health. 26051169 6 12 theme Bifidobacterium 973:987 arg1 counts 963:968 the mean counts 954:968 the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 954:1005 POMx and POM juice increased the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae in a dose-response manner. 26051169 2 13 theme juice 516:520 arg1 content 477:483 The total phenolic content 458:483 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice 458:520 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). 26051169 7 14 used utilized 1243:1250 arg2 no 1226:1227 no 1226:1227 no 1226:1227 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus utilized ellagic acid and glycosyl ellagic acid but little or no punicalin was utilized. 26051169 7 14 used utilized 1243:1250 arg2 little 1216:1221 little 1216:1221 little 1216:1221 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus utilized ellagic acid and glycosyl ellagic acid but little or no punicalin was utilized. 26051169 7 15 theme ellagic 1173:1179 arg1 acid 1181:1184 ellagic acid 1173:1184 ellagic acid 1173:1184 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus utilized ellagic acid and glycosyl ellagic acid but little or no punicalin was utilized. 26051169 8 16 theme stool 1345:1349 arg1 cultures 1351:1358 the in vitro stool cultures 1332:1358 the in vitro stool cultures 1332:1358 Neither POMx nor POM juice was converted to urolithins by the test bacteria or the in vitro stool cultures. 26051169 1 17 theme major 242:246 arg1 Enterobacteriaceae 279:296 Enterobacteriaceae 279:296 Enterobacteriaceae 279:296 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 17 theme major 242:246 arg1 bifidobacteria 339:352 bifidobacteria 339:352 bifidobacteria 339:352 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 17 theme major 242:246 arg1 groups 248:253 major groups 242:253 major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 242:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 17 theme major 242:246 arg1 bacteria 269:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 17 theme major 242:246 arg1 group 320:324 Bacteroides fragilis group 299:324 Bacteroides fragilis group 299:324 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 17 theme major 242:246 arg1 lactobacilli 359:370 lactobacilli 359:370 lactobacilli 359:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 17 theme major 242:246 arg1 clostridia 327:336 clostridia 327:336 clostridia 327:336 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 18 from effect 154:159 arg1 growth 232:237 the growth 228:237 the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 228:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 6 19 theme clostridia 1068:1077 arg1 growth 1039:1044 the growth 1035:1044 the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae 1035:1101 POMx and POM juice increased the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae in a dose-response manner. 26051169 1 20 theme extract 176:182 arg1 effect 154:159 the effect 150:159 the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 150:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 20 theme extract 176:182 arg1 utilization 381:391 the utilization 377:391 the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols 377:418 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 2 21 theme extract 504:510 arg1 content 477:483 The total phenolic content 458:483 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice 458:520 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). 26051169 10 22 from role 1646:1649 arg1 health 1676:1681 human health 1670:1681 human health 1670:1681 The concept that polyphenols such as those in pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations may establish a new role for polyphenols in human health. 26051169 2 23 theme phenolic 468:475 arg1 content 477:483 The total phenolic content 458:483 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice 458:520 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). 26051169 4 24 theme POM 753:755 arg1 juice 757:761 POM juice 753:761 POM juice 753:761 Stool specimens were incubated with 400, 100, and 25 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and subjected to selective culture. 26051169 5 25 theme 400 μg/ml 861:869 arg1 POMx 875:878 400 μg/ml GAE POMx 861:878 400 μg/ml GAE POMx 861:878 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains were incubated with 400 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and metabolites were analyzed. 26051169 7 26 theme ellagic 1199:1205 arg1 acid 1207:1210 glycosyl ellagic acid 1190:1210 glycosyl ellagic acid 1190:1210 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus utilized ellagic acid and glycosyl ellagic acid but little or no punicalin was utilized. 26051169 10 27 theme pomegranate 1580:1590 arg1 populations 1614:1624 pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations 1580:1624 pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations 1580:1624 The concept that polyphenols such as those in pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations may establish a new role for polyphenols in human health. 26051169 5 28 theme GAE 871:873 arg1 POMx 875:878 400 μg/ml GAE POMx 861:878 400 μg/ml GAE POMx 861:878 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains were incubated with 400 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and metabolites were analyzed. 26051169 0 29 theme Pomegranate 0:10 arg1 ellagitannins 12:24 Pomegranate ellagitannins 0:24 Pomegranate ellagitannins 0:24 Pomegranate ellagitannins stimulate growth of gut bacteria in vitro: Implications for prebiotic and metabolic effects. 26051169 1 30 theme groups 248:253 arg1 growth 232:237 the growth 228:237 the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 228:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 5 31 theme Bifidobacterium 799:813 arg1 strains 833:839 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains 799:839 strains 833:839 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains were incubated with 400 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and metabolites were analyzed. 26051169 6 32 theme mean 958:961 arg1 counts 963:968 the mean counts 954:968 the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 954:1005 POMx and POM juice increased the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae in a dose-response manner. 26051169 2 33 theme Folin-Ciocalteau 547:562 arg1 method 577:582 the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method 543:582 the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method 543:582 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). 26051169 4 34 theme GAE 740:742 arg1 POMx 744:747 GAE POMx 740:747 GAE POMx 740:747 Stool specimens were incubated with 400, 100, and 25 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and subjected to selective culture. 26051169 5 35 theme Lactobacillus 819:831 arg1 strains 833:839 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains 799:839 strains 833:839 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains were incubated with 400 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and metabolites were analyzed. 26051169 7 36 theme glycosyl 1190:1197 arg1 acid 1207:1210 glycosyl ellagic acid 1190:1210 glycosyl ellagic acid 1190:1210 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus utilized ellagic acid and glycosyl ellagic acid but little or no punicalin was utilized. 26051169 1 37 theme intestinal 258:267 arg1 bacteria 269:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 6 38 theme Enterobacteriaceae 1084:1101 arg1 growth 1039:1044 the growth 1035:1044 the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae 1035:1101 POMx and POM juice increased the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae in a dose-response manner. 26051169 1 39 theme pomegranate 195:205 arg1 juice 207:211 pomegranate juice 195:211 pomegranate juice (POM juice) 195:223 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 39 theme pomegranate 195:205 arg1 juice 218:222 POM juice 214:222 POM juice 214:222 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 0 40 theme gut 46:48 arg1 in vitro 59:66 gut bacteria in vitro 46:66 gut bacteria in vitro 46:66 Pomegranate ellagitannins stimulate growth of gut bacteria in vitro: Implications for prebiotic and metabolic effects. 26051169 1 41 theme bacteria 269:276 arg1 Enterobacteriaceae 279:296 Enterobacteriaceae 279:296 Enterobacteriaceae 279:296 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 41 theme bacteria 269:276 arg1 bifidobacteria 339:352 bifidobacteria 339:352 bifidobacteria 339:352 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 41 theme bacteria 269:276 arg1 groups 248:253 major groups 242:253 major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 242:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 41 theme bacteria 269:276 arg1 bacteria 269:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 41 theme bacteria 269:276 arg1 group 320:324 Bacteroides fragilis group 299:324 Bacteroides fragilis group 299:324 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 41 theme bacteria 269:276 arg1 lactobacilli 359:370 lactobacilli 359:370 lactobacilli 359:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 41 theme bacteria 269:276 arg1 clostridia 327:336 clostridia 327:336 clostridia 327:336 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 42 theme juice 207:211 arg1 effect 154:159 the effect 150:159 the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 150:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 42 theme juice 207:211 arg1 utilization 381:391 the utilization 377:391 the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols 377:418 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 2 43 theme total 462:466 arg1 content 477:483 The total phenolic content 458:483 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice 458:520 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). 26051169 10 44 theme new 1642:1644 arg1 role 1646:1649 a new role 1640:1649 a new role for polyphenols in human health 1640:1681 The concept that polyphenols such as those in pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations may establish a new role for polyphenols in human health. 26051169 10 45 theme microbiota 1603:1612 arg1 populations 1614:1624 pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations 1580:1624 pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations 1580:1624 The concept that polyphenols such as those in pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations may establish a new role for polyphenols in human health. 26051169 0 46 theme in vitro 59:66 arg1 growth 36:41 growth 36:41 growth of gut bacteria in vitro 36:66 Pomegranate ellagitannins stimulate growth of gut bacteria in vitro: Implications for prebiotic and metabolic effects. 26051169 6 47 theme POM 934:936 arg1 juice 938:942 POM juice 934:942 POM juice 934:942 POMx and POM juice increased the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae in a dose-response manner. 26051169 7 48 used utilized 1164:1171 arg2 Lactobacillus 1150:1162 Lactobacillus 1150:1162 Lactobacillus 1150:1162 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus utilized ellagic acid and glycosyl ellagic acid but little or no punicalin was utilized. 26051169 7 48 used utilized 1164:1171 arg2 Bifidobacterium 1130:1144 Bifidobacterium 1130:1144 Bifidobacterium 1130:1144 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus utilized ellagic acid and glycosyl ellagic acid but little or no punicalin was utilized. 26051169 3 49 theme polyphenol 634:643 arg1 composition 645:655 The polyphenol composition 630:655 The polyphenol composition 630:655 The polyphenol composition was determined by HPLC. 26051169 0 50 theme bacteria 50:57 arg1 in vitro 59:66 gut bacteria in vitro 46:66 gut bacteria in vitro 46:66 Pomegranate ellagitannins stimulate growth of gut bacteria in vitro: Implications for prebiotic and metabolic effects. 26051169 9 51 theme pomegranate 1375:1385 arg1 effect 1365:1370 The effect 1361:1370 The effect of pomegranate on the gut bacteria considered to be beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) 1361:1469 The effect of pomegranate on the gut bacteria considered to be beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) suggests that pomegranate may potentially work as a prebiotic. 26051169 7 52 dep little 1216:1221 arg1 punicalin 1229:1237 punicalin 1229:1237 punicalin 1229:1237 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus utilized ellagic acid and glycosyl ellagic acid but little or no punicalin was utilized. 26051169 9 53 dep beneficial 1424:1433 arg1 Lactobacillus 1456:1468 Lactobacillus 1456:1468 Lactobacillus 1456:1468 The effect of pomegranate on the gut bacteria considered to be beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) suggests that pomegranate may potentially work as a prebiotic. 26051169 9 53 dep beneficial 1424:1433 arg1 Bifidobacterium 1436:1450 Bifidobacterium 1436:1450 Bifidobacterium 1436:1450 The effect of pomegranate on the gut bacteria considered to be beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) suggests that pomegranate may potentially work as a prebiotic. 26051169 1 54 theme present 123:129 arg1 study 131:135 The present study 119:135 The present study 119:135 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 55 theme Bacteroides 299:309 arg1 groups 248:253 major groups 242:253 major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 242:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 55 theme Bacteroides 299:309 arg1 bacteria 269:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 55 theme Bacteroides 299:309 arg1 group 320:324 Bacteroides fragilis group 299:324 Bacteroides fragilis group 299:324 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 8 56 theme POM 1270:1272 arg1 juice 1274:1278 POM juice 1270:1278 POM juice 1270:1278 Neither POMx nor POM juice was converted to urolithins by the test bacteria or the in vitro stool cultures. 26051169 8 57 theme test 1315:1318 arg1 bacteria 1320:1327 the test bacteria 1311:1327 the test bacteria 1311:1327 Neither POMx nor POM juice was converted to urolithins by the test bacteria or the in vitro stool cultures. 26051169 2 58 theme colorimetric 564:575 arg1 method 577:582 the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method 543:582 the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method 543:582 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). 26051169 1 59 theme pomegranate 396:406 arg1 polyphenols 408:418 pomegranate polyphenols 396:418 pomegranate polyphenols 396:418 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 5 60 theme POM 884:886 arg1 juice 888:892 POM juice 884:892 POM juice 884:892 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains were incubated with 400 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and metabolites were analyzed. 26051169 9 61 theme gut 1394:1396 arg1 bacteria 1398:1405 the gut bacteria 1390:1405 the gut bacteria considered to be beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) 1390:1469 The effect of pomegranate on the gut bacteria considered to be beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) suggests that pomegranate may potentially work as a prebiotic. 26051169 2 62 theme pomegranate 492:502 arg1 extract 504:510 the pomegranate extract 488:510 the pomegranate extract 488:510 The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). 26051169 1 63 theme polyphenols 408:418 arg1 effect 154:159 the effect 150:159 the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 150:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 63 theme polyphenols 408:418 arg1 utilization 381:391 the utilization 377:391 the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols 377:418 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 4 64 theme selective 780:788 arg1 culture 790:796 selective culture 780:796 selective culture 780:796 Stool specimens were incubated with 400, 100, and 25 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and subjected to selective culture. 26051169 6 65 theme group 1061:1065 arg1 growth 1039:1044 the growth 1035:1044 the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae 1035:1101 POMx and POM juice increased the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae in a dose-response manner. 26051169 6 66 theme dose-response 1108:1120 arg1 manner 1122:1127 a dose-response manner 1106:1127 a dose-response manner 1106:1127 POMx and POM juice increased the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae in a dose-response manner. 26051169 1 67 theme fragilis 311:318 arg1 groups 248:253 major groups 242:253 major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli 242:370 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 67 theme fragilis 311:318 arg1 bacteria 269:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 intestinal bacteria 258:276 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 1 67 theme fragilis 311:318 arg1 group 320:324 Bacteroides fragilis group 299:324 Bacteroides fragilis group 299:324 The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 26051169 10 68 theme gut 1599:1601 arg1 populations 1614:1624 pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations 1580:1624 pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations 1580:1624 The concept that polyphenols such as those in pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations may establish a new role for polyphenols in human health. 26051169 4 69 theme Stool 681:685 arg1 specimens 687:695 Stool specimens 681:695 Stool specimens 681:695 Stool specimens were incubated with 400, 100, and 25 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and subjected to selective culture. 26051169 9 70 from effect 1365:1370 arg1 bacteria 1398:1405 the gut bacteria 1390:1405 the gut bacteria considered to be beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) 1390:1469 The effect of pomegranate on the gut bacteria considered to be beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) suggests that pomegranate may potentially work as a prebiotic. 28853683 12 0 theme strain 1497:1502 arg1 species 1546:1552 a novel species 1538:1552 a novel species 1538:1552 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 12 0 theme strain 1497:1502 arg1 NCCP-696T 1504:1512 strain NCCP-696T 1497:1512 strain NCCP-696T 1497:1512 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 12 1 theme thalensis 1587:1595 arg1 sp 1597:1598 the name Nocardioides thalensis sp 1565:1598 the name Nocardioides thalensis sp 1565:1598 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 12 2 theme phenotypic 1480:1489 arg1 data 1491:1494 phenotypic data 1480:1494 phenotypic data 1480:1494 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 3 3 theme strain 292:297 arg1 NCCP-696T 299:307 strain NCCP-696T 292:307 strain NCCP-696T 292:307 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 14 4 theme AB 1668:1669 arg1 2016296T 1671:1678 =DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T 1649:1678 =DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T 1649:1678 The type strain is NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T). 28853683 14 4 theme AB 1668:1669 arg1 NCCP-696T 1638:1646 NCCP-696T 1638:1646 NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T) 1638:1679 The type strain is NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T). 28853683 6 5 theme optimum 753:759 arg1 pH 761:762 optimum pH 7.0 753:766 optimum pH 7.0 753:766 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 6 5 theme optimum 753:759 arg1 pH 741:742 pH 5.5-9.0 741:750 pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) 741:767 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 11 6 theme hybridization 1278:1290 arg1 value 1292:1296 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 1266:1296 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1266:1385 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T was 56.3±1.4. 28853683 3 7 theme genus 324:328 arg1 Nocardioides 330:341 the genus Nocardioides 320:341 the genus Nocardioides 320:341 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 7 8 theme LL-2,6-diaminopimelic 939:959 arg1 acid 961:964 LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 939:964 LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 939:964 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 12 9 theme novel 1540:1544 arg1 species 1546:1552 a novel species 1538:1552 a novel species 1538:1552 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 12 9 theme novel 1540:1544 arg1 NCCP-696T 1504:1512 strain NCCP-696T 1497:1512 strain NCCP-696T 1497:1512 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 7 10 dep Iso-C16  838:845 arg1  1ω8c 868:872  1ω8c 868:872  1ω8c 868:872 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 7 10 dep Iso-C16  838:845 arg1 C18  851:854 C18  851:854 C18  851:854 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 7 10 dep Iso-C16  838:845 arg1 C17  863:866 C17  863:866 C17  863:866 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 7 10 dep Iso-C16  838:845 arg1  0 883:884  0 883:884  0 883:884 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 7 10 dep Iso-C16  838:845 arg1 C17  878:881 C17  878:881 C17  878:881 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 8 11 theme polar 1002:1006 arg1 profile 1014:1020 The polar lipid profile 998:1020 The polar lipid profile 998:1020 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unknown phospholipid. 28853683 2 12 theme Thal 133:136 arg1 desert 138:143 the Thal desert 129:143 the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan 129:163 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-696T, was isolated from the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28853683 10 13 theme G+C 1220:1222 arg1 % 1263:1263 71.6 mol% 1255:1263 71.6 mol% 1255:1263 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. 28853683 10 13 theme G+C 1220:1222 arg1 content 1224:1230 The DNA G+C content 1212:1230 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 1212:1249 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. 28853683 11 14 theme isolate 1305:1311 arg1 value 1292:1296 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 1266:1296 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1266:1385 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T was 56.3±1.4. 28853683 3 15 theme other 493:497 arg1 species 499:505 other species 493:505 other species of the genus Nocardioides 493:531 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 12 16 theme chemotaxonomic 1445:1458 arg1 characteristics 1460:1474 chemotaxonomic characteristics 1445:1474 chemotaxonomic characteristics 1445:1474 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 6 17 theme 0-2  798:801 arg1 w/v 805:807 w/v 805:807 w/v 805:807 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 6 17 theme 0-2  798:801 arg1 % 802:802 optimum 0-2 % 790:802 optimum 0-2 % 790:802 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 10 18 theme 71.6 mol 1255:1262 arg1 % 1263:1263 71.6 mol% 1255:1263 71.6 mol% 1255:1263 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. 28853683 10 18 theme 71.6 mol 1255:1262 arg1 content 1224:1230 The DNA G+C content 1212:1230 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 1212:1249 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. 28853683 6 19 theme optimum 790:796 arg1 w/v 805:807 w/v 805:807 w/v 805:807 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 6 19 theme optimum 790:796 arg1 % 802:802 optimum 0-2 % 790:802 optimum 0-2 % 790:802 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 3 20 theme Phylogenetic 225:236 arg1 analyses 238:245 Phylogenetic analyses 225:245 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 225:278 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 10 21 theme DNA 1216:1218 arg1 % 1263:1263 71.6 mol% 1255:1263 71.6 mol% 1255:1263 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. 28853683 10 21 theme DNA 1216:1218 arg1 content 1224:1230 The DNA G+C content 1212:1230 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 1212:1249 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. 28853683 9 22 theme MK-9 1184:1187 arg1 amount 1166:1171 a minor amount 1158:1171 a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) 1158:1191 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. 28853683 9 22 theme MK-9 1184:1187 arg1 % 1178:1178 1.3 % 1174:1178 1.3 % 1174:1178 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. 28853683 9 22 theme MK-9 1184:1187 arg1 MK-9 1184:1187 MK-9 1184:1187 MK-9(H2) 1184:1191 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. 28853683 9 22 theme MK-9 1184:1187 arg1 H2 1189:1190 H2 1189:1190 H2 1189:1190 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. 28853683 3 23 theme Nocardioides 411:422 arg1 346T 440:443 Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 411:443 Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) 411:452 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 3 23 theme Nocardioides 411:422 arg1 % 451:451 98.2 % 446:451 98.2 % 446:451 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 9 24 theme minor 1160:1164 arg1 amount 1166:1171 a minor amount 1158:1171 a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) 1158:1191 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. 28853683 9 24 theme minor 1160:1164 arg1 % 1178:1178 1.3 % 1174:1178 1.3 % 1174:1178 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. 28853683 9 24 theme minor 1160:1164 arg1 MK-9 1184:1187 MK-9 1184:1187 MK-9(H2) 1184:1191 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. 28853683 9 24 theme minor 1160:1164 arg1 H2 1189:1190 H2 1189:1190 H2 1189:1190 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. 28853683 10 25 theme DNA 1247:1249 arg1 % 1263:1263 71.6 mol% 1255:1263 71.6 mol% 1255:1263 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. 28853683 10 25 theme DNA 1247:1249 arg1 content 1224:1230 The DNA G+C content 1212:1230 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA 1212:1249 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. 28853683 11 26 theme Nocardioides 1353:1364 arg1 346T 1382:1385 the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1321:1385 the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1321:1385 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T was 56.3±1.4. 28853683 4 27 theme cream-coloured 616:629 arg1 colonies 631:638 cream-coloured colonies 616:638 cream-coloured colonies 616:638 Cells of strain NCCP-696T were Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile rods and formed cream-coloured colonies. 28853683 3 28 theme highest 358:364 arg1 level 366:370 the highest level 354:370 the highest level of sequence similarity 354:393 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 10 29 theme genomic 1239:1245 arg1 DNA 1247:1249 the genomic DNA 1235:1249 the genomic DNA 1235:1249 The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. 28853683 7 30 theme Strain 811:816 arg1 NCCP-696T 818:826 Strain NCCP-696T 811:826 Strain NCCP-696T 811:826 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 3 31 theme genus 514:518 arg1 Nocardioides 520:531 the genus Nocardioides 510:531 the genus Nocardioides 510:531 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 11 32 theme related 1333:1339 arg1 346T 1382:1385 the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1321:1385 the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1321:1385 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T was 56.3±1.4. 28853683 6 33 theme optimum 720:726 arg1 20-42 °C 710:717 20-42 °C 710:717 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) 710:736 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 6 33 theme optimum 720:726 arg1 30-37 °C 728:735 optimum 30-37 °C 720:735 optimum 30-37 °C 720:735 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 3 34 theme species 499:505 arg1 strains 482:488 the strains 478:488 the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides 478:531 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 7 35 contain contained 828:836 arg2 acids 911:915 the predominant fatty acids 889:915 the predominant fatty acids 889:915 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 7 35 contain contained 828:836 arg2 Iso-C16  838:845 Iso-C16  838:845 Iso-C16  838:845 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 7 35 contain contained 828:836 arg1 NCCP-696T 818:826 Strain NCCP-696T 811:826 Strain NCCP-696T 811:826 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 3 36 theme 16S 256:258 arg1 sequences 270:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 3 37 theme sequence 375:382 arg1 similarity 384:393 sequence similarity 375:393 sequence similarity 375:393 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 7 38 theme predominant 893:903 arg1 Iso-C16  838:845 Iso-C16  838:845 Iso-C16  838:845 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 7 38 theme predominant 893:903 arg1 acids 911:915 the predominant fatty acids 889:915 the predominant fatty acids 889:915 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 6 39 theme % 782:782 arg1  NaCl 783:787 0-4 % NaCl 778:787 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v) 778:808 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 2 40 theme polyphasic 195:204 arg1 approach 215:222 a polyphasic taxonomy approach 193:222 a polyphasic taxonomy approach 193:222 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-696T, was isolated from the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28853683 12 41 theme phylogenetic 1421:1432 arg1 inference 1434:1442 the phylogenetic inference 1417:1442 the phylogenetic inference 1417:1442 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 3 42 theme panacisoliGsoil 424:438 arg1 346T 440:443 Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 411:443 Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) 411:452 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 3 42 theme panacisoliGsoil 424:438 arg1 % 451:451 98.2 % 446:451 98.2 % 446:451 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 3 43 theme similarity 384:393 arg1 level 366:370 the highest level 354:370 the highest level of sequence similarity 354:393 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 7 44 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 Iso-C16  838:845 Iso-C16  838:845 Iso-C16  838:845 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 7 44 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 acids 911:915 the predominant fatty acids 889:915 the predominant fatty acids 889:915 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 6 45 theme 0-4  778:781 arg1 % 782:782 % 782:782 % 782:782 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 12 46 dep inference 1434:1442 arg1 the 1404:1406 the 1404:1406 the 1404:1406 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 12 46 dep inference 1434:1442 arg1 basis 1408:1412 basis 1408:1412 basis 1408:1412 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 14 47 theme 103833T=CCTCC 1654:1666 arg1 2016296T 1671:1678 =DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T 1649:1678 =DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T 1649:1678 The type strain is NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T). 28853683 14 47 theme 103833T=CCTCC 1654:1666 arg1 NCCP-696T 1638:1646 NCCP-696T 1638:1646 NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T) 1638:1679 The type strain is NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T). 28853683 7 48 theme cell-wall 973:981 arg1 peptidoglycan 983:995 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 969:995 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 969:995 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 8 49 theme lipid 1008:1012 arg1 profile 1014:1020 The polar lipid profile 998:1020 The polar lipid profile 998:1020 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unknown phospholipid. 28853683 3 50 theme Nocardioides 520:531 arg1 species 499:505 other species 493:505 other species of the genus Nocardioides 493:531 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 14 51 theme =DSM 1649:1652 arg1 2016296T 1671:1678 =DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T 1649:1678 =DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T 1649:1678 The type strain is NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T). 28853683 14 51 theme =DSM 1649:1652 arg1 NCCP-696T 1638:1646 NCCP-696T 1638:1646 NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T) 1638:1679 The type strain is NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T). 28853683 8 52 theme unknown 1086:1092 arg1 phospholipid 1094:1105 one unknown phospholipid 1082:1105 one unknown phospholipid 1082:1105 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unknown phospholipid. 28853683 2 53 theme actinobacterial 65:79 arg1 strain 81:86 A novel actinobacterial strain 57:86 A novel actinobacterial strain 57:86 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-696T, was isolated from the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28853683 4 54 dep Gram-positive 565:577 arg1 non-motile 589:598 non-motile 589:598 non-motile 589:598 Cells of strain NCCP-696T were Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile rods and formed cream-coloured colonies. 28853683 4 54 dep Gram-positive 565:577 arg1 aerobic 580:586 aerobic 580:586 aerobic 580:586 Cells of strain NCCP-696T were Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile rods and formed cream-coloured colonies. 28853683 11 55 theme panacisoliGsoil 1366:1380 arg1 346T 1382:1385 the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1321:1385 the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1321:1385 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T was 56.3±1.4. 28853683 9 56 theme major 1112:1116 arg1 MK-8 1134:1137 MK-8 1134:1137 MK-8 1134:1137 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. 28853683 9 56 theme major 1112:1116 arg1 menaquinone 1118:1128 The major menaquinone 1108:1128 The major menaquinone 1108:1128 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. 28853683 2 57 theme novel 59:63 arg1 strain 81:86 A novel actinobacterial strain 57:86 A novel actinobacterial strain 57:86 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-696T, was isolated from the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28853683 3 58 theme rRNA 260:263 arg1 sequences 270:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 11 59 theme strain 1346:1351 arg1 346T 1382:1385 the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1321:1385 the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1321:1385 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T was 56.3±1.4. 28853683 2 60 attach isolated 115:122 arg1 desert 138:143 the Thal desert 129:143 the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan 129:163 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-696T, was isolated from the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28853683 2 60 attach isolated 115:122 arg2 strain 81:86 A novel actinobacterial strain 57:86 A novel actinobacterial strain 57:86 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-696T, was isolated from the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28853683 11 61 theme type 1341:1344 arg1 346T 1382:1385 the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1321:1385 the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1321:1385 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T was 56.3±1.4. 28853683 4 62 theme NCCP-696T 550:558 arg1 Cells 534:538 Cells 534:538 Cells of strain NCCP-696T 534:558 Cells of strain NCCP-696T were Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile rods and formed cream-coloured colonies. 28853683 3 63 theme gene 265:268 arg1 sequences 270:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 28853683 12 64 theme Nocardioides 1574:1585 arg1 sp 1597:1598 the name Nocardioides thalensis sp 1565:1598 the name Nocardioides thalensis sp 1565:1598 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 7 65 contain have 934:937 arg2 acid 961:964 LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 939:964 LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 939:964 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 7 65 contain have 934:937 arg1 NCCP-696T 818:826 Strain NCCP-696T 811:826 Strain NCCP-696T 811:826 Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28853683 4 66 theme strain 543:548 arg1 NCCP-696T 550:558 strain NCCP-696T 543:558 strain NCCP-696T 543:558 Cells of strain NCCP-696T were Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile rods and formed cream-coloured colonies. 28853683 12 67 theme name 1569:1572 arg1 sp 1597:1598 the name Nocardioides thalensis sp 1565:1598 the name Nocardioides thalensis sp 1565:1598 On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. 28853683 11 68 theme DNA-DNA 1270:1276 arg1 hybridization 1278:1290 The DNA-DNA hybridization 1266:1290 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T 1266:1385 The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T was 56.3±1.4. 28853683 4 69 theme Gram-positive 565:577 arg1 rods 600:603 Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile rods 565:603 Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile rods 565:603 Cells of strain NCCP-696T were Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile rods and formed cream-coloured colonies. 28853683 2 70 from desert 138:143 arg1 Pakistan 156:163 Pakistan 156:163 Pakistan 156:163 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-696T, was isolated from the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28853683 2 71 theme taxonomy 206:213 arg1 approach 215:222 a polyphasic taxonomy approach 193:222 a polyphasic taxonomy approach 193:222 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-696T, was isolated from the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. 28853683 6 72 dep  NaCl 783:787 arg1 w/v 805:807 w/v 805:807 w/v 805:807 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 6 72 dep  NaCl 783:787 arg1 % 802:802 optimum 0-2 % 790:802 optimum 0-2 % 790:802 Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). 28853683 14 73 theme type 1623:1626 arg1 NCCP-696T 1638:1646 NCCP-696T 1638:1646 NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T) 1638:1679 The type strain is NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T). 28853683 14 73 theme type 1623:1626 arg1 strain 1628:1633 The type strain 1619:1633 The type strain 1619:1633 The type strain is NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T). 27264911 6 0 theme rRNA 849:852 arg1 identities 831:840 The identities 827:840 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus 827:1030 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 0 theme rRNA 849:852 arg1 % 1049:1049 ≤95 and ≤78 % 1037:1049 ≤95 and ≤78 % 1037:1049 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 1 with identities 831:840 arg1 Oceanobacillus 984:997 Oceanobacillus 984:997 Oceanobacillus 984:997 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 1 with identities 831:840 arg1 members 891:897 members 891:897 members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus 891:1030 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 1 with identities 831:840 arg1 Paraliobacillus 948:962 Paraliobacillus 948:962 Paraliobacillus 948:962 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 1 with identities 831:840 arg1 Lentibacillus 1018:1030 Lentibacillus 1018:1030 Lentibacillus 1018:1030 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 1 with identities 831:840 arg1 Virgibacillus 1000:1012 Virgibacillus 1000:1012 Virgibacillus 1000:1012 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 10 2 theme peptidoglycan 1340:1352 arg1 acid 1378:1381 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1358:1381 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1358:1381 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27264911 10 2 theme peptidoglycan 1340:1352 arg1 acid 1318:1321 The diagnostic diamino acid 1295:1321 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1295:1352 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27264911 4 3 theme % 388:388 arg1 NaCl 396:399 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl 380:399 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl 380:399 It grew with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-45 °C and at pH 6.5-9.0, with optimum growth with 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. 27264911 2 4 theme polyethylene 279:290 arg1 coupons 297:303 high-density polyethylene test coupons 266:303 high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater 266:323 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 8 5 theme isoprenoid 1152:1161 arg1 quinone 1163:1169 the sole isoprenoid quinone 1143:1169 the sole isoprenoid quinone 1143:1169 MK-7 was found as the sole isoprenoid quinone. 27264911 8 5 theme isoprenoid 1152:1161 arg1 MK-7 1125:1128 MK-7 1125:1128 MK-7 1125:1128 MK-7 was found as the sole isoprenoid quinone. 27264911 0 6 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 0:20 arg1 sp 30:31 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp 0:31 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 0:32 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 5 7 theme dnaK 559:562 arg1 sequences 569:577 partial dnaK gene sequences 551:577 partial dnaK gene sequences 551:577 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 10 8 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1358:1376 arg1 acid 1378:1381 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1358:1381 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1358:1381 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27264911 10 8 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1358:1376 arg1 acid 1318:1321 The diagnostic diamino acid 1295:1321 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1295:1352 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27264911 2 9 theme coastal 308:314 arg1 seawater 316:323 coastal seawater 308:323 coastal seawater 308:323 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 5 10 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 647:667 arg1 species 704:710 the only known species 689:710 the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively 689:806 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 5 10 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 647:667 arg1 P-207T 681:686 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 647:686 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 647:686 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 6 11 theme gene 871:874 arg1 sequences 876:884 partial dnaK gene sequences 858:884 partial dnaK gene sequences 858:884 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 2 12 theme strain 208:213 arg1 NIOT.bflm.S4T 215:227 strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 208:227 strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 208:227 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 12 13 theme chemotaxonomic 1554:1567 arg1 results 1569:1575 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1525:1575 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1525:1575 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 6 14 theme partial 858:864 arg1 sequences 876:884 partial dnaK gene sequences 858:884 partial dnaK gene sequences 858:884 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 9 15 theme polar 1182:1186 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1224:1245 diphosphatidylglycerol 1224:1245 diphosphatidylglycerol 1224:1245 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid. 27264911 9 15 theme polar 1182:1186 arg1 lipids 1188:1193 The major polar lipids 1172:1193 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1172:1217 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid. 27264911 11 16 dep anteiso-C15  1416:1427 arg1 % 1438:1438 27.9 % 1433:1438 27.9 % 1433:1438 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 11 16 dep anteiso-C15  1416:1427 arg1 C12  1468:1471 C12  1468:1471 C12  1468:1471 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 11 16 dep anteiso-C15  1416:1427 arg1  0 1429:1430  0 1429:1430  0 1429:1430 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 5 17 theme known 698:702 arg1 species 704:710 the only known species 689:710 the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively 689:806 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 5 17 theme known 698:702 arg1 P-207T 681:686 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 647:686 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 647:686 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 12 18 theme phenotypic 1525:1534 arg1 results 1569:1575 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1525:1575 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1525:1575 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 11 19 dep  0 1429:1430 arg1 % 1481:1481 8.7 % 1477:1481 8.7 % 1477:1481 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 11 19 dep  0 1429:1430 arg1  0 1455:1456  0 1455:1456  0 1455:1456 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 11 19 dep  0 1429:1430 arg1 % 1505:1505 6.6 % 1501:1505 6.6 % 1501:1505 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 11 19 dep  0 1429:1430 arg1  0 1473:1474  0 1473:1474  0 1473:1474 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 11 19 dep  0 1429:1430 arg1 iso-C15  1488:1495 iso-C15  1488:1495 iso-C15  1488:1495 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 11 19 dep  0 1429:1430 arg1  0 1497:1498  0 1497:1498  0 1497:1498 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 11 19 dep  0 1429:1430 arg1 % 1464:1464 18.6 % 1459:1464 18.6 % 1459:1464 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 9 20 theme NIOT.bflm.S4T 1205:1217 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1224:1245 diphosphatidylglycerol 1224:1245 diphosphatidylglycerol 1224:1245 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid. 27264911 9 20 theme NIOT.bflm.S4T 1205:1217 arg1 lipids 1188:1193 The major polar lipids 1172:1193 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1172:1217 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid. 27264911 12 21 theme phylogenetic 1537:1548 arg1 results 1569:1575 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1525:1575 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1525:1575 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 4 22 theme % 465:465 arg1 NaCl 473:476 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl 457:476 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl 457:476 It grew with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-45 °C and at pH 6.5-9.0, with optimum growth with 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. 27264911 4 23 dep % 388:388 arg1 w/v 391:393 w/v 391:393 w/v 391:393 It grew with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-45 °C and at pH 6.5-9.0, with optimum growth with 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. 27264911 6 24 theme related 908:914 arg1 genera 916:921 other related genera 902:921 other related genera 902:921 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 4 25 theme optimum 437:443 arg1 growth 445:450 optimum growth 437:450 optimum growth with 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl 437:476 It grew with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-45 °C and at pH 6.5-9.0, with optimum growth with 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. 27264911 11 26 theme cellular 1390:1397 arg1 acids 1405:1409 Major cellular fatty acids 1384:1409 Major cellular fatty acids 1384:1409 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 5 27 theme identities 766:775 arg1 species 704:710 the only known species 689:710 the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively 689:806 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 5 27 theme identities 766:775 arg1 P-207T 681:686 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 647:686 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 647:686 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 7 28 theme NIOT.bflm.S4T 1096:1108 arg1 content 1078:1084 The DNA G+C content 1066:1084 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1066:1108 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 7 28 theme NIOT.bflm.S4T 1096:1108 arg1 % 1122:1122 39.1 mol% 1114:1122 39.1 mol% 1114:1122 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 2 29 dep rod-shaped 135:144 arg1 µm 163:164 0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm 147:164 0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm 147:164 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 7 30 theme 39.1 1114:1117 arg1 content 1078:1084 The DNA G+C content 1066:1084 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1066:1108 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 7 30 theme 39.1 1114:1117 arg1 % 1122:1122 39.1 mol% 1114:1122 39.1 mol% 1114:1122 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 5 31 theme genus 719:723 arg1 identities 766:775 the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities 715:775 the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively 715:806 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 5 32 with lineage 634:640 arg1 species 704:710 the only known species 689:710 the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively 689:806 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 5 32 with lineage 634:640 arg1 P-207T 681:686 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 647:686 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T 647:686 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 2 33 dep Gram-staining-positive 94:115 arg1 aerobic 118:124 aerobic 118:124 aerobic 118:124 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 2 33 dep Gram-staining-positive 94:115 arg1 rod-shaped 135:144 rod-shaped 135:144 rod-shaped 135:144 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 2 33 dep Gram-staining-positive 94:115 arg1 endospore-forming 168:184 endospore-forming 168:184 endospore-forming 168:184 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 2 33 dep Gram-staining-positive 94:115 arg1 motile 127:132 motile 127:132 motile 127:132 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 5 34 theme shared 750:755 arg1 identities 766:775 the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities 715:775 the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively 715:806 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 12 35 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 1688:1708 arg1 sp 1718:1719 the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp 1679:1719 the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp 1679:1719 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 14 36 theme 12376T=TBRC 1792:1802 arg1 5831T 1804:1808 =KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T 1774:1808 =KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T 1774:1808 The type strain is NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T). 27264911 14 36 theme 12376T=TBRC 1792:1802 arg1 NIOT.bflm.S4T 1759:1771 NIOT.bflm.S4T 1759:1771 NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T) 1759:1809 The type strain is NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T). 27264911 10 37 theme diamino 1310:1316 arg1 acid 1378:1381 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1358:1381 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1358:1381 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27264911 10 37 theme diamino 1310:1316 arg1 acid 1318:1321 The diagnostic diamino acid 1295:1321 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1295:1352 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27264911 4 38 with growth 445:450 arg1 NaCl 473:476 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl 457:476 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl 457:476 It grew with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-45 °C and at pH 6.5-9.0, with optimum growth with 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. 27264911 5 39 theme Pseudogracilibacillusand 725:748 arg1 identities 766:775 the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities 715:775 the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively 715:806 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 14 40 theme =KACC 1774:1778 arg1 5831T 1804:1808 =KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T 1774:1808 =KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T 1774:1808 The type strain is NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T). 27264911 14 40 theme =KACC 1774:1778 arg1 NIOT.bflm.S4T 1759:1771 NIOT.bflm.S4T 1759:1771 NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T) 1759:1809 The type strain is NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T). 27264911 12 41 theme genus 1640:1644 arg1 Pseudogracilibacillus 1646:1666 the genus Pseudogracilibacillus 1636:1666 the genus Pseudogracilibacillus 1636:1666 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 4 42 theme w/v 468:470 arg1 NaCl 473:476 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl 457:476 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl 457:476 It grew with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-45 °C and at pH 6.5-9.0, with optimum growth with 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. 27264911 5 43 theme gene 564:567 arg1 sequences 569:577 partial dnaK gene sequences 551:577 partial dnaK gene sequences 551:577 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 6 44 theme 16S 845:847 arg1 rRNA 849:852 16S rRNA 845:852 16S rRNA 845:852 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 4 45 theme pH 495:496 arg1 7.0-8.0 498:504 pH 7.0-8.0 495:504 pH 7.0-8.0 495:504 It grew with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-45 °C and at pH 6.5-9.0, with optimum growth with 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. 27264911 2 46 theme Gram-staining-positive 94:115 arg1 bacterium 186:194 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium 92:194 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium 92:194 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 10 47 theme cell-wall 1330:1338 arg1 peptidoglycan 1340:1352 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1326:1352 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1326:1352 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27264911 2 48 theme test 292:295 arg1 coupons 297:303 high-density polyethylene test coupons 266:303 high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater 266:323 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 12 49 theme novel 1619:1623 arg1 species 1625:1631 a novel species 1617:1631 a novel species 1617:1631 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 2 50 theme high-density 266:277 arg1 coupons 297:303 high-density polyethylene test coupons 266:303 high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater 266:323 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 7 51 theme G+C 1074:1076 arg1 content 1078:1084 The DNA G+C content 1066:1084 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1066:1108 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 7 51 theme G+C 1074:1076 arg1 % 1122:1122 39.1 mol% 1114:1122 39.1 mol% 1114:1122 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 8 52 theme sole 1147:1150 arg1 quinone 1163:1169 the sole isoprenoid quinone 1143:1169 the sole isoprenoid quinone 1143:1169 MK-7 was found as the sole isoprenoid quinone. 27264911 8 52 theme sole 1147:1150 arg1 MK-7 1125:1128 MK-7 1125:1128 MK-7 1125:1128 MK-7 was found as the sole isoprenoid quinone. 27264911 5 53 theme partial 551:557 arg1 sequences 569:577 partial dnaK gene sequences 551:577 partial dnaK gene sequences 551:577 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 12 54 dep results 1569:1575 arg1 the 1512:1514 the 1512:1514 the 1512:1514 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 12 54 dep results 1569:1575 arg1 basis 1516:1520 basis 1516:1520 basis 1516:1520 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 6 55 theme other 902:906 arg1 genera 916:921 other related genera 902:921 other related genera 902:921 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 4 56 theme 1.0-8.0  380:387 arg1 % 388:388 % 388:388 % 388:388 It grew with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-45 °C and at pH 6.5-9.0, with optimum growth with 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. 27264911 5 57 theme phylogenetic 621:632 arg1 lineage 634:640 a phylogenetic lineage 619:640 a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, 619:807 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 14 58 theme type 1744:1747 arg1 NIOT.bflm.S4T 1759:1771 NIOT.bflm.S4T 1759:1771 NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T) 1759:1809 The type strain is NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T). 27264911 14 58 theme type 1744:1747 arg1 strain 1749:1754 The type strain 1740:1754 The type strain 1740:1754 The type strain is NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T). 27264911 5 59 theme % 792:792 arg1 identities 766:775 the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities 715:775 the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively 715:806 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 6 60 theme sequences 876:884 arg1 identities 831:840 The identities 827:840 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus 827:1030 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 60 theme sequences 876:884 arg1 % 1049:1049 ≤95 and ≤78 % 1037:1049 ≤95 and ≤78 % 1037:1049 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 5 61 theme strain 591:596 arg1 NIOT.bflm.S4T 598:610 strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 591:610 strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 591:610 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 6 62 theme dnaK 866:869 arg1 sequences 876:884 partial dnaK gene sequences 858:884 partial dnaK gene sequences 858:884 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 9 63 theme major 1176:1180 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1224:1245 diphosphatidylglycerol 1224:1245 diphosphatidylglycerol 1224:1245 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid. 27264911 9 63 theme major 1176:1180 arg1 lipids 1188:1193 The major polar lipids 1172:1193 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1172:1217 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid. 27264911 2 64 attach isolated 234:241 arg2 bacterium 186:194 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium 92:194 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium 92:194 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 2 64 attach isolated 234:241 arg1 biofilm 248:254 biofilm 248:254 biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater 248:323 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 5 65 dep Pseudogracilibacillus 647:667 arg1 auburnensis 669:679 auburnensis 669:679 auburnensis 669:679 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 4 66 theme 4.0-5.0  457:464 arg1 NaCl 473:476 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl 457:476 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl 457:476 It grew with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-45 °C and at pH 6.5-9.0, with optimum growth with 4.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. 27264911 9 67 theme strain 1198:1203 arg1 NIOT.bflm.S4T 1205:1217 strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1198:1217 strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1198:1217 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid. 27264911 2 68 from coupons 297:303 arg1 seawater 316:323 coastal seawater 308:323 coastal seawater 308:323 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped (0.4-0.5×2.0-4.0 µm), endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain NIOT.bflm.S4T, was isolated from biofilm formed on high-density polyethylene test coupons in coastal seawater. 27264911 6 69 theme genera 916:921 arg1 Oceanobacillus 984:997 Oceanobacillus 984:997 Oceanobacillus 984:997 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 69 theme genera 916:921 arg1 members 891:897 members 891:897 members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus 891:1030 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 69 theme genera 916:921 arg1 Paraliobacillus 948:962 Paraliobacillus 948:962 Paraliobacillus 948:962 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 69 theme genera 916:921 arg1 Lentibacillus 1018:1030 Lentibacillus 1018:1030 Lentibacillus 1018:1030 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 6 69 theme genera 916:921 arg1 Virgibacillus 1000:1012 Virgibacillus 1000:1012 Virgibacillus 1000:1012 The identities of 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences with members of other related genera such as Gracilibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus and Lentibacillus were ≤95 and ≤78 %, respectively. 27264911 11 70 theme fatty 1399:1403 arg1 acids 1405:1409 Major cellular fatty acids 1384:1409 Major cellular fatty acids 1384:1409 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 7 71 theme mol 1119:1121 arg1 content 1078:1084 The DNA G+C content 1066:1084 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1066:1108 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 7 71 theme mol 1119:1121 arg1 % 1122:1122 39.1 mol% 1114:1122 39.1 mol% 1114:1122 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 5 72 theme 16S 538:540 arg1 rRNA 542:545 16S rRNA 538:545 16S rRNA 538:545 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 11 73 theme Major 1384:1388 arg1 acids 1405:1409 Major cellular fatty acids 1384:1409 Major cellular fatty acids 1384:1409 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (27.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.6 %), C12 : 0 (8.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (6.6 %). 27264911 0 74 theme marinus 22:28 arg1 sp 30:31 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp 0:31 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 0:32 Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 1 75 theme coastal 74:80 arg1 seawater 82:89 coastal seawater 74:89 coastal seawater 74:89 nov., isolated from a biofilm formed in coastal seawater. 27264911 7 76 theme strain 1089:1094 arg1 NIOT.bflm.S4T 1096:1108 strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1089:1108 strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1089:1108 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 9 77 theme unknown 1280:1286 arg1 lipid 1288:1292 an unknown lipid 1277:1292 an unknown lipid 1277:1292 The major polar lipids of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid. 27264911 5 78 theme Phylogenetic 507:518 arg1 analyses 520:527 Phylogenetic analyses 507:527 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences 507:577 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 27264911 7 79 theme DNA 1070:1072 arg1 content 1078:1084 The DNA G+C content 1066:1084 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T 1066:1108 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 7 79 theme DNA 1070:1072 arg1 % 1122:1122 39.1 mol% 1114:1122 39.1 mol% 1114:1122 The DNA G+C content of strain NIOT.bflm.S4T was 39.1 mol%. 27264911 12 80 theme name 1683:1686 arg1 sp 1718:1719 the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp 1679:1719 the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp 1679:1719 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 12 81 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 1646:1666 arg1 species 1625:1631 a novel species 1617:1631 a novel species 1617:1631 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 14 82 theme 18456T=MTCC 1780:1790 arg1 5831T 1804:1808 =KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T 1774:1808 =KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T 1774:1808 The type strain is NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T). 27264911 14 82 theme 18456T=MTCC 1780:1790 arg1 NIOT.bflm.S4T 1759:1771 NIOT.bflm.S4T 1759:1771 NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T) 1759:1809 The type strain is NIOT.bflm.S4T (=KACC 18456T=MTCC 12376T=TBRC 5831T). 27264911 12 83 dep Pseudogracilibacillus 1688:1708 arg1 marinus 1710:1716 marinus 1710:1716 marinus 1710:1716 On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus marinus sp. 27264911 10 84 theme diagnostic 1299:1308 arg1 acid 1378:1381 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1358:1381 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1358:1381 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27264911 10 84 theme diagnostic 1299:1308 arg1 acid 1318:1321 The diagnostic diamino acid 1295:1321 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1295:1352 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27264911 5 85 theme sequence 757:764 arg1 identities 766:775 the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities 715:775 the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively 715:806 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and partial dnaK gene sequences showed that strain NIOT.bflm.S4T formed a phylogenetic lineage with Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis P-207T, the only known species of the genus Pseudogracilibacillusand shared sequence identities of 96.9 and 83 %, respectively, with this strain. 25678679 2 0 theme non-motile 105:114 arg1 rod 148:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod 82:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod 82:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 6 1 theme CCNWSP60 929:936 arg1 Growth 912:917 Growth 912:917 Growth of strain CCNWSP60(T) 912:939 Growth of strain CCNWSP60(T) occurred at 4-40 °C and at pH 5.0-9.0. 25678679 1 2 theme soybean 73:79 arg1 surface 62:68 the nodule surface 51:68 the nodule surface of soybean 51:79 nov., isolated from the nodule surface of soybean. 25678679 12 3 theme fatty 1368:1372 arg1 0 1399:1399 0 1399:1399 0 1399:1399 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25678679 12 3 theme fatty 1368:1372 arg1 acids 1374:1378 The major fatty acids 1358:1378 The major fatty acids 1358:1378 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25678679 2 4 theme oxidase-positive 131:146 arg1 rod 148:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod 82:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod 82:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 2 5 theme Zhonghuang 261:270 arg1 surface 206:212 the nodule surface 195:212 the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 195:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 14 6 theme Microbacterium 1698:1711 arg1 shaanxiense 1713:1723 a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense 1682:1723 a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense 1682:1723 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 8 7 theme predominant 1026:1036 arg1 menaquinone 1038:1048 The predominant menaquinone 1022:1048 The predominant menaquinone of strain CCNWSP60(T) 1022:1070 The predominant menaquinone of strain CCNWSP60(T) was MK-13; MK-12 was also detected. 25678679 8 7 theme predominant 1026:1036 arg1 MK-13 1076:1080 MK-13 1076:1080 MK-13 1076:1080 The predominant menaquinone of strain CCNWSP60(T) was MK-13; MK-12 was also detected. 25678679 14 8 theme novel 1684:1688 arg1 shaanxiense 1713:1723 a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense 1682:1723 a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense 1682:1723 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 2 9 theme Gram-stain-positive 84:102 arg1 rod 148:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod 82:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod 82:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 5 10 theme ginsengiterrae 813:826 arg1 T 838:838 T 838:838 T 838:838 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 10 theme ginsengiterrae 813:826 arg1 24823 832:836 M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823 810:836 M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) 810:839 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 2 11 theme nodule 199:204 arg1 surface 206:212 the nodule surface 195:212 the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 195:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 4 12 theme comparisons 404:414 arg1 basis 386:390 the basis 382:390 the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences 382:441 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 7 13 theme NaCl 984:987 arg1 % 1013:1013 0-4% 1010:1013 0-4% (w/v) 1010:1019 The NaCl range for growth was 0-4% (w/v). 25678679 7 13 theme NaCl 984:987 arg1 range 989:993 The NaCl range 980:993 The NaCl range for growth 980:1004 The NaCl range for growth was 0-4% (w/v). 25678679 8 14 theme CCNWSP60 1060:1067 arg1 menaquinone 1038:1048 The predominant menaquinone 1022:1048 The predominant menaquinone of strain CCNWSP60(T) 1022:1070 The predominant menaquinone of strain CCNWSP60(T) was MK-13; MK-12 was also detected. 25678679 8 14 theme CCNWSP60 1060:1067 arg1 MK-13 1076:1080 MK-13 1076:1080 MK-13 1076:1080 The predominant menaquinone of strain CCNWSP60(T) was MK-13; MK-12 was also detected. 25678679 2 15 theme [Glycine 225:232 arg1 Zhonghuang 261:270 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 5 16 theme strain 737:742 arg1 T 753:753 T 753:753 T 753:753 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 16 theme strain 737:742 arg1 CCNWSP60 744:751 strain CCNWSP60 737:751 strain CCNWSP60(T) 737:754 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 3 17 theme rRNA 280:283 arg1 analysis 299:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 276:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 276:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Microbacterium . 25678679 5 18 theme murale 762:767 arg1 T 779:779 T 779:779 T 779:779 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 18 theme murale 762:767 arg1 DSM 769:771 M. murale DSM 22178 759:777 M. murale DSM 22178(T) 759:780 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 13 19 theme mol 1475:1477 arg1 % 1478:1478 67.4 mol% 1470:1478 67.4 mol% 1470:1478 The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 67.4 mol%. 25678679 13 19 theme mol 1475:1477 arg1 content 1439:1445 The DNA G+C content 1427:1445 The DNA G+C content of the type strain 1427:1464 The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 67.4 mol%. 25678679 11 20 theme peptidoglycan 1330:1342 arg1 glycolyl 1348:1355 glycolyl 1348:1355 glycolyl 1348:1355 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. 25678679 11 20 theme peptidoglycan 1330:1342 arg1 type 1318:1321 The acyl type 1309:1321 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan 1309:1342 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. 25678679 5 21 theme profundi 848:855 arg1 T 867:867 T 867:867 T 867:867 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 21 theme profundi 848:855 arg1 DSM 857:859 M. profundi DSM 22239 845:865 M. profundi DSM 22239(T) 845:868 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 22 theme DNA-DNA 707:713 arg1 values 727:732 the DNA-DNA relatedness values 703:732 the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) 703:868 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 22 theme DNA-DNA 707:713 arg1 % 877:877 48% 875:877 48% 875:877 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 13 23 theme type 1454:1457 arg1 strain 1459:1464 the type strain 1450:1464 the type strain 1450:1464 The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 67.4 mol%. 25678679 5 24 theme M. 759:760 arg1 T 779:779 T 779:779 T 779:779 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 24 theme M. 759:760 arg1 DSM 769:771 M. murale DSM 22178 759:777 M. murale DSM 22178(T) 759:780 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 4 25 dep Microbacterium 593:606 arg1 ginsengiterrae 608:621 ginsengiterrae 608:621 ginsengiterrae 608:621 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 3 26 theme sequence 290:297 arg1 analysis 299:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 276:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 276:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Microbacterium . 25678679 4 27 theme 16S 419:421 arg1 sequences 433:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 14 28 theme phylogenetic 1632:1643 arg1 neighbours 1645:1654 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 1620:1654 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 1620:1654 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 10 29 theme diamino 1260:1266 arg1 ornithine 1298:1306 ornithine 1298:1306 ornithine 1298:1306 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine. 25678679 10 29 theme diamino 1260:1266 arg1 acid 1268:1271 The diagnostic diamino acid 1245:1271 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1245:1292 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine. 25678679 14 30 theme DNA-DNA 1549:1555 arg1 relatedness 1557:1567 the DNA-DNA relatedness 1545:1567 the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours 1484:1654 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 2 31 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 rod 148:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod 82:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod 82:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 2 31 attach isolated 181:188 arg1 surface 206:212 the nodule surface 195:212 the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 195:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 4 32 theme gene 428:431 arg1 sequences 433:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 13 33 theme G+C 1435:1437 arg1 content 1439:1445 The DNA G+C content 1427:1445 The DNA G+C content of the type strain 1427:1464 The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 67.4 mol%. 25678679 13 33 theme G+C 1435:1437 arg1 % 1478:1478 67.4 mol% 1470:1478 67.4 mol% 1470:1478 The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 67.4 mol%. 25678679 15 34 theme 28301 1794:1798 arg1 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 15 34 theme 28301 1794:1798 arg1 30164 1824:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164 1788:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T) 1788:1831 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 10 35 theme peptidoglycan 1280:1292 arg1 ornithine 1298:1306 ornithine 1298:1306 ornithine 1298:1306 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine. 25678679 10 35 theme peptidoglycan 1280:1292 arg1 acid 1268:1271 The diagnostic diamino acid 1245:1271 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1245:1292 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine. 25678679 3 36 theme genus 356:360 arg1 Microbacterium 362:375 the genus Microbacterium 352:375 the genus Microbacterium 352:375 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Microbacterium . 25678679 4 37 theme profundi 663:670 arg1 % 690:690 97.8% 686:690 97.8% 686:690 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 37 theme profundi 663:670 arg1 DSM 672:674 Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239 648:680 Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%) 648:691 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 37 theme profundi 663:670 arg1 T 682:682 T 682:682 T 682:682 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 5 38 theme M. 783:784 arg1 T 806:806 T 806:806 T 806:806 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 38 theme M. 783:784 arg1 14217 800:804 M. aerolatum DSM 14217 783:804 M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T) 783:807 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 14 39 theme physiological 1488:1500 arg1 characteristics 1518:1532 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1484:1532 the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours 1484:1654 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 14 40 theme biochemical 1506:1516 arg1 characteristics 1518:1532 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1484:1532 the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours 1484:1654 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 4 41 dep Microbacterium 546:559 arg1 aerolatum 561:569 aerolatum 561:569 aerolatum 561:569 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 9 42 theme major 1112:1116 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1136:1157 diphosphatidylglycerol 1136:1157 diphosphatidylglycerol 1136:1157 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. 25678679 9 42 theme major 1112:1116 arg1 lipids 1124:1129 The major polar lipids 1108:1129 The major polar lipids 1108:1129 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. 25678679 15 43 theme  = ACCC 1802:1808 arg1 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 15 43 theme  = ACCC 1802:1808 arg1 30164 1824:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164 1788:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T) 1788:1831 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 12 44 theme major 1362:1366 arg1 0 1399:1399 0 1399:1399 0 1399:1399 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25678679 12 44 theme major 1362:1366 arg1 acids 1374:1378 The major fatty acids 1358:1378 The major fatty acids 1358:1378 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25678679 4 45 theme murale 506:511 arg1 DSM 513:515 Microbacterium murale DSM 22178 491:521 Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity) 491:543 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 45 theme murale 506:511 arg1 T 523:523 T 523:523 T 523:523 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 45 theme murale 506:511 arg1 similarity 533:542 98.8% similarity 527:542 98.8% similarity 527:542 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 6 46 theme strain 922:927 arg1 T 938:938 T 938:938 T 938:938 Growth of strain CCNWSP60(T) occurred at 4-40 °C and at pH 5.0-9.0. 25678679 6 46 theme strain 922:927 arg1 CCNWSP60 929:936 strain CCNWSP60 922:936 strain CCNWSP60(T) 922:939 Growth of strain CCNWSP60(T) occurred at 4-40 °C and at pH 5.0-9.0. 25678679 9 47 theme unidentified 1186:1197 arg1 glycolipid 1199:1208 one unidentified glycolipid 1182:1208 one unidentified glycolipid 1182:1208 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. 25678679 2 48 theme Merrill 243:249 arg1 Zhonghuang 261:270 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 15 49 theme T 1800:1800 arg1 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 15 49 theme T 1800:1800 arg1 30164 1824:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164 1788:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T) 1788:1831 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 15 50 dep CCNWSP60 1775:1782 arg1 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 15 50 dep CCNWSP60 1775:1782 arg1 30164 1824:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164 1788:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T) 1788:1831 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 2 51 theme L. 239:240 arg1 Zhonghuang 261:270 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 4 52 theme Microbacterium 546:559 arg1 % 589:589 98.3% 585:589 98.3% 585:589 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 52 theme Microbacterium 546:559 arg1 T 581:581 T 581:581 T 581:581 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 52 theme Microbacterium 546:559 arg1 14217 575:579 Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217 546:579 Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%) 546:590 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 53 theme DSM 571:573 arg1 % 589:589 98.3% 585:589 98.3% 585:589 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 53 theme DSM 571:573 arg1 T 581:581 T 581:581 T 581:581 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 53 theme DSM 571:573 arg1 14217 575:579 Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217 546:579 Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%) 546:590 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 5 54 theme DSM 796:798 arg1 T 806:806 T 806:806 T 806:806 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 54 theme DSM 796:798 arg1 14217 800:804 M. aerolatum DSM 14217 783:804 M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T) 783:807 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 2 55 theme cultivar 252:259 arg1 Zhonghuang 261:270 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 4 56 theme pairwise 395:402 arg1 comparisons 404:414 pairwise comparisons 395:414 pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences 395:441 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 57 theme % 531:531 arg1 similarity 533:542 98.8% similarity 527:542 98.8% similarity 527:542 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 57 theme % 531:531 arg1 DSM 513:515 Microbacterium murale DSM 22178 491:521 Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity) 491:543 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 14 58 theme species 1690:1696 arg1 shaanxiense 1713:1723 a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense 1682:1723 a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense 1682:1723 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 5 59 theme M. 810:811 arg1 T 838:838 T 838:838 T 838:838 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 59 theme M. 810:811 arg1 24823 832:836 M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823 810:836 M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) 810:839 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 8 60 theme strain 1053:1058 arg1 T 1069:1069 T 1069:1069 T 1069:1069 The predominant menaquinone of strain CCNWSP60(T) was MK-13; MK-12 was also detected. 25678679 8 60 theme strain 1053:1058 arg1 CCNWSP60 1060:1067 strain CCNWSP60 1053:1067 strain CCNWSP60(T) 1053:1070 The predominant menaquinone of strain CCNWSP60(T) was MK-13; MK-12 was also detected. 25678679 5 61 theme DSM 828:830 arg1 T 838:838 T 838:838 T 838:838 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 61 theme DSM 828:830 arg1 24823 832:836 M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823 810:836 M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) 810:839 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 62 theme relatedness 715:725 arg1 values 727:732 the DNA-DNA relatedness values 703:732 the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) 703:868 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 62 theme relatedness 715:725 arg1 % 877:877 48% 875:877 48% 875:877 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 13 63 theme strain 1459:1464 arg1 content 1439:1445 The DNA G+C content 1427:1445 The DNA G+C content of the type strain 1427:1464 The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 67.4 mol%. 25678679 13 63 theme strain 1459:1464 arg1 % 1478:1478 67.4 mol% 1470:1478 67.4 mol% 1470:1478 The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 67.4 mol%. 25678679 2 64 theme max 234:236 arg1 Zhonghuang 261:270 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 2 65 theme soybean 217:223 arg1 Zhonghuang 261:270 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13 217:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 3 66 theme gene 285:288 arg1 analysis 299:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 276:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 276:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Microbacterium . 25678679 4 67 theme strain 444:449 arg1 T 460:460 T 460:460 T 460:460 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 67 theme strain 444:449 arg1 CCNWSP60 451:458 strain CCNWSP60 444:458 strain CCNWSP60(T) 444:461 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 5 68 theme M. 845:846 arg1 T 867:867 T 867:867 T 867:867 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 68 theme M. 845:846 arg1 DSM 857:859 M. profundi DSM 22239 845:865 M. profundi DSM 22239(T) 845:868 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 3 69 theme 16S 276:278 arg1 analysis 299:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 276:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 276:306 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Microbacterium . 25678679 14 70 theme clear 1663:1667 arg1 differences 1669:1679 clear differences 1663:1679 clear differences 1663:1679 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 14 71 theme neighbours 1645:1654 arg1 T 1593:1593 T 1593:1593 T 1593:1593 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 14 71 theme neighbours 1645:1654 arg1 strains 1609:1615 the type strains 1600:1615 the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours 1600:1654 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 14 71 theme neighbours 1645:1654 arg1 strain 1577:1582 strain CCNWSP60 1577:1591 strain CCNWSP60(T) 1577:1594 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 4 72 theme rRNA 423:426 arg1 sequences 433:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 1 73 theme nodule 55:60 arg1 surface 62:68 the nodule surface 51:68 the nodule surface of soybean 51:79 nov., isolated from the nodule surface of soybean. 25678679 9 74 theme polar 1118:1122 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1136:1157 diphosphatidylglycerol 1136:1157 diphosphatidylglycerol 1136:1157 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. 25678679 9 74 theme polar 1118:1122 arg1 lipids 1124:1129 The major polar lipids 1108:1129 The major polar lipids 1108:1129 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. 25678679 4 75 theme sequences 433:441 arg1 comparisons 404:414 pairwise comparisons 395:414 pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences 395:441 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 14 76 theme closest 1624:1630 arg1 neighbours 1645:1654 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 1620:1654 its closest phylogenetic neighbours 1620:1654 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 13 77 theme DNA 1431:1433 arg1 content 1439:1445 The DNA G+C content 1427:1445 The DNA G+C content of the type strain 1427:1464 The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 67.4 mol%. 25678679 13 77 theme DNA 1431:1433 arg1 % 1478:1478 67.4 mol% 1470:1478 67.4 mol% 1470:1478 The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 67.4 mol%. 25678679 10 78 theme diagnostic 1249:1258 arg1 ornithine 1298:1306 ornithine 1298:1306 ornithine 1298:1306 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine. 25678679 10 78 theme diagnostic 1249:1258 arg1 acid 1268:1271 The diagnostic diamino acid 1245:1271 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1245:1292 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine. 25678679 5 79 theme CCNWSP60 744:751 arg1 values 727:732 the DNA-DNA relatedness values 703:732 the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) 703:868 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 79 theme CCNWSP60 744:751 arg1 % 877:877 48% 875:877 48% 875:877 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 4 80 theme Microbacterium 593:606 arg1 T 633:633 T 633:633 T 633:633 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 80 theme Microbacterium 593:606 arg1 24823 627:631 Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823 593:631 Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) 593:642 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 80 theme Microbacterium 593:606 arg1 % 641:641 98.0% 637:641 98.0% 637:641 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 15 81 theme type 1760:1763 arg1 CCNWSP60 1775:1782 CCNWSP60 1775:1782 CCNWSP60 1775:1782 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 15 81 theme type 1760:1763 arg1 strain 1765:1770 The type strain 1756:1770 The type strain 1756:1770 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 4 82 theme Microbacterium 491:504 arg1 DSM 513:515 Microbacterium murale DSM 22178 491:521 Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity) 491:543 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 82 theme Microbacterium 491:504 arg1 T 523:523 T 523:523 T 523:523 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 82 theme Microbacterium 491:504 arg1 similarity 533:542 98.8% similarity 527:542 98.8% similarity 527:542 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 14 83 theme type 1604:1607 arg1 strains 1609:1615 the type strains 1600:1615 the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours 1600:1654 As the physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CCNWSP60(T) and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species Microbacterium shaanxiense is proposed to accommodate it. 25678679 4 84 theme DSM 623:625 arg1 T 633:633 T 633:633 T 633:633 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 84 theme DSM 623:625 arg1 24823 627:631 Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823 593:631 Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) 593:642 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 84 theme DSM 623:625 arg1 % 641:641 98.0% 637:641 98.0% 637:641 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 15 85 theme  =DSM 1788:1792 arg1 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 15 85 theme  =DSM 1788:1792 arg1 30164 1824:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164 1788:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T) 1788:1831 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 4 86 theme Microbacterium 648:661 arg1 % 690:690 97.8% 686:690 97.8% 686:690 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 86 theme Microbacterium 648:661 arg1 DSM 672:674 Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239 648:680 Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%) 648:691 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 4 86 theme Microbacterium 648:661 arg1 T 682:682 T 682:682 T 682:682 On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP60(T) was most closely related to Microbacterium murale DSM 22178(T) (98.8% similarity), Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217(T) (98.3%), Microbacterium ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) (98.0%) and Microbacterium profundi DSM 22239(T) (97.8%). 25678679 5 87 theme aerolatum 786:794 arg1 T 806:806 T 806:806 T 806:806 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 5 87 theme aerolatum 786:794 arg1 14217 800:804 M. aerolatum DSM 14217 783:804 M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T) 783:807 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain CCNWSP60(T) to M. murale DSM 22178(T), M. aerolatum DSM 14217(T), M. ginsengiterrae DSM 24823(T) and M. profundi DSM 22239(T) were 48%, 43%, 28% and 41%, respectively. 25678679 11 88 theme acyl 1313:1316 arg1 glycolyl 1348:1355 glycolyl 1348:1355 glycolyl 1348:1355 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. 25678679 11 88 theme acyl 1313:1316 arg1 type 1318:1321 The acyl type 1309:1321 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan 1309:1342 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. 25678679 15 89 theme  =JCM 1818:1822 arg1 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 15 89 theme  =JCM 1818:1822 arg1 30164 1824:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164 1788:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T) 1788:1831 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 9 90 theme unidentified 1218:1229 arg1 phospholipid 1231:1242 one unidentified phospholipid 1214:1242 one unidentified phospholipid 1214:1242 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. 25678679 2 91 theme catalase- 117:125 arg1 rod 148:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod 82:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod 82:150 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod, designated CCNWSP60(T), was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. 25678679 15 92 theme T 1816:1816 arg1 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 T 1830:1830 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 25678679 15 92 theme T 1816:1816 arg1 30164 1824:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164 1788:1828  =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T) 1788:1831 The type strain is CCNWSP60(T) ( =DSM 28301(T) = ACCC 19329(T) =JCM 30164(T)). 28875898 3 0 theme optimum 292:298 arg1 10-40 °C 282:289 10-40 °C 282:289 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C) 282:305 Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). 28875898 3 0 theme optimum 292:298 arg1 30 °C 300:304 optimum 30 °C 292:304 optimum 30 °C 292:304 Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). 28875898 6 1 theme polar 774:778 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 792:813 diphosphatidylglycerol 792:813 diphosphatidylglycerol 792:813 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28875898 6 1 theme polar 774:778 arg1 lipids 780:785 The polar lipids 770:785 The polar lipids 770:785 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28875898 11 2 theme acid 1169:1172 arg1 type 1149:1152 The acyl type 1140:1152 The acyl type of the muramic acid 1140:1172 The acyl type of the muramic acid was glycolyl. 28875898 11 2 theme acid 1169:1172 arg1 glycolyl 1178:1185 glycolyl 1178:1185 glycolyl 1178:1185 The acyl type of the muramic acid was glycolyl. 28875898 14 3 theme DNA-DNA 1335:1341 arg1 relatedness 1343:1353 The DNA-DNA relatedness 1331:1353 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-T2.14T and its closest reference strains 1331:1413 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-T2.14T and its closest reference strains were significantly lower than the threshold value of 70 %. 28875898 14 3 theme DNA-DNA 1335:1341 arg1 lower 1434:1438 lower 1434:1438 lower 1434:1438 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-T2.14T and its closest reference strains were significantly lower than the threshold value of 70 %. 28875898 10 4 theme diamino 1112:1118 arg1 ornithine 1129:1137 ornithine 1129:1137 ornithine 1129:1137 The diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 28875898 10 4 theme diamino 1112:1118 arg1 acid 1120:1123 The diagnostic diamino acid 1097:1123 The diagnostic diamino acid 1097:1123 The diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 28875898 4 5 theme nearest 420:426 arg1 22421T 627:632 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T 593:632 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) 593:641 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 5 theme nearest 420:426 arg1 23203T 520:525 Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T 492:525 Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %) 492:534 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 5 theme nearest 420:426 arg1 17124T 676:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T 647:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %) 647:690 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 5 theme nearest 420:426 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 5 theme nearest 420:426 arg1 8608T 577:581 Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T 537:581 Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %) 537:590 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 17 6 theme type 1742:1745 arg1 strain 1747:1752 The type strain 1738:1752 The type strain 1738:1752 The type strain is THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T). 28875898 17 6 theme type 1742:1745 arg1 THG-T2.14T 1757:1766 THG-T2.14T 1757:1766 THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T) 1757:1799 The type strain is THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T). 28875898 4 7 theme Microbacterium 593:606 arg1 22421T 627:632 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T 593:632 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) 593:641 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 7 theme Microbacterium 593:606 arg1 % 640:640 98.7 % 635:640 98.7 % 635:640 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 7 theme Microbacterium 593:606 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 10 8 theme diagnostic 1101:1110 arg1 ornithine 1129:1137 ornithine 1129:1137 ornithine 1129:1137 The diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 28875898 10 8 theme diagnostic 1101:1110 arg1 acid 1120:1123 The diagnostic diamino acid 1097:1123 The diagnostic diamino acid 1097:1123 The diagnostic diamino acid was ornithine. 28875898 4 9 theme Microbacterium 492:505 arg1 23203T 520:525 Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T 492:525 Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %) 492:534 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 9 theme Microbacterium 492:505 arg1 % 533:533 98.8 % 528:533 98.8 % 528:533 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 9 theme Microbacterium 492:505 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 10 theme KACC 671:674 arg1 17124T 676:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T 647:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %) 647:690 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 10 theme KACC 671:674 arg1 % 689:689 98.4 % 684:689 98.4 % 684:689 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 10 theme KACC 671:674 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 15 11 theme strain 1600:1605 arg1 THG-T2.14T 1607:1616 strain THG-T2.14T 1600:1616 strain THG-T2.14T 1600:1616 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 6 12 theme unidentified 842:853 arg1 lipid 855:859 one unidentified lipid 838:859 one unidentified lipid 838:859 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28875898 4 13 theme rRNA 387:390 arg1 analysis 406:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 14 dep Microbacterium 593:606 arg1 arthrosphaerae 608:621 arthrosphaerae 608:621 arthrosphaerae 608:621 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 9 15 theme glutamic 1082:1089 arg1 acid 1091:1094 glutamic acid 1082:1094 glutamic acid 1082:1094 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine, alanine, glycine, homoserine and glutamic acid. 28875898 4 16 theme jejuense 662:669 arg1 17124T 676:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T 647:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %) 647:690 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 16 theme jejuense 662:669 arg1 % 689:689 98.4 % 684:689 98.4 % 684:689 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 16 theme jejuense 662:669 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 17 theme DSM 516:518 arg1 23203T 520:525 Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T 492:525 Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %) 492:534 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 17 theme DSM 516:518 arg1 % 533:533 98.8 % 528:533 98.8 % 528:533 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 17 theme DSM 516:518 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 15 18 theme Microbacterium 1693:1706 arg1 sp 1716:1717 the name Microbacterium hibisci sp 1684:1717 the name Microbacterium hibisci sp 1684:1717 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 4 19 theme 16S 383:385 arg1 analysis 406:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 15 20 theme DNA-DNA 1572:1578 arg1 hybridization 1580:1592 DNA-DNA hybridization 1572:1592 DNA-DNA hybridization 1572:1592 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 1 21 theme mugunghwa 62:70 arg1 rhizosphere 47:57 rhizosphere 47:57 rhizosphere of mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus L.) 47:93 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus L.). 28875898 15 22 theme name 1688:1691 arg1 sp 1716:1717 the name Microbacterium hibisci sp 1684:1717 the name Microbacterium hibisci sp 1684:1717 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 3 23 theme 3.0  366:369 arg1 % 370:370 optimum 3.0 % 358:370 optimum 3.0 % 358:370 Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). 28875898 3 23 theme 3.0  366:369 arg1  NaCl 351:355 0-7.0 % NaCl 344:355 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %) 344:371 Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). 28875898 2 24 attach isolated 201:208 arg1 soil 215:218 soil 215:218 soil sampled from the rhizosphere of mugunghwa 215:260 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium, designated THG-T2.14T, was isolated from soil sampled from the rhizosphere of mugunghwa. 28875898 2 24 attach isolated 201:208 arg2 actinobacterium 157:171 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium 96:171 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium 96:171 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium, designated THG-T2.14T, was isolated from soil sampled from the rhizosphere of mugunghwa. 28875898 4 25 theme sequence 397:404 arg1 analysis 406:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 15 26 theme physiological 1538:1550 arg1 characteristics 1552:1566 physiological characteristics 1538:1566 physiological characteristics 1538:1566 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 5 27 theme major 697:701 arg1 anteiso-C15  720:731 anteiso-C15  720:731 anteiso-C15  720:731 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875898 5 27 theme major 697:701 arg1 acids 709:713 The major fatty acids 693:713 The major fatty acids 693:713 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875898 2 28 dep Gram-stain-positive 98:116 arg1 shaped 150:155 shaped 150:155 shaped 150:155 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium, designated THG-T2.14T, was isolated from soil sampled from the rhizosphere of mugunghwa. 28875898 2 28 dep Gram-stain-positive 98:116 arg1 aerobic 119:125 aerobic 119:125 aerobic 119:125 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium, designated THG-T2.14T, was isolated from soil sampled from the rhizosphere of mugunghwa. 28875898 2 28 dep Gram-stain-positive 98:116 arg1 non-motile 128:137 non-motile 128:137 non-motile 128:137 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium, designated THG-T2.14T, was isolated from soil sampled from the rhizosphere of mugunghwa. 28875898 0 29 theme hibisci 15:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Microbacterium hibisci sp 0:24 Microbacterium hibisci sp. 0:25 Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 4 30 theme gene 392:395 arg1 analysis 406:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 17 31 theme =KACC 1769:1773 arg1 2016180T 1791:1798 =KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T 1769:1798 =KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T 1769:1798 The type strain is THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T). 28875898 17 31 theme =KACC 1769:1773 arg1 THG-T2.14T 1757:1766 THG-T2.14T 1757:1766 THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T) 1757:1799 The type strain is THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T). 28875898 14 32 theme reference 1397:1405 arg1 strains 1407:1413 its closest reference strains 1385:1413 its closest reference strains 1385:1413 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-T2.14T and its closest reference strains were significantly lower than the threshold value of 70 %. 28875898 1 33 theme Hibiscus 73:80 arg1 mugunghwa 62:70 mugunghwa 62:70 mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus L.) 62:93 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus L.). 28875898 1 33 theme Hibiscus 73:80 arg1 L 91:91 Hibiscus syriacus L. 73:92 Hibiscus syriacus L. 73:92 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus L.). 28875898 15 34 dep analysis 1507:1514 arg1 the 1477:1479 the 1477:1479 the 1477:1479 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 15 34 dep analysis 1507:1514 arg1 basis 1481:1485 basis 1481:1485 basis 1481:1485 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 15 34 dep analysis 1507:1514 arg1 data 1594:1597 data 1594:1597 data 1594:1597 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 12 35 theme whole-cell 1192:1201 arg1 rhamnose 1215:1222 rhamnose 1215:1222 rhamnose 1215:1222 The whole-cell sugars were rhamnose, ribose, galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucose. 28875898 12 35 theme whole-cell 1192:1201 arg1 sugars 1203:1208 The whole-cell sugars 1188:1208 The whole-cell sugars 1188:1208 The whole-cell sugars were rhamnose, ribose, galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucose. 28875898 0 36 theme Microbacterium 0:13 arg1 sp 23:24 Microbacterium hibisci sp 0:24 Microbacterium hibisci sp. 0:25 Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 17 37 theme 18931T=CCTCC 1775:1786 arg1 2016180T 1791:1798 =KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T 1769:1798 =KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T 1769:1798 The type strain is THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T). 28875898 17 37 theme 18931T=CCTCC 1775:1786 arg1 THG-T2.14T 1757:1766 THG-T2.14T 1757:1766 THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T) 1757:1799 The type strain is THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T). 28875898 14 38 theme closest 1389:1395 arg1 strains 1407:1413 its closest reference strains 1385:1413 its closest reference strains 1385:1413 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-T2.14T and its closest reference strains were significantly lower than the threshold value of 70 %. 28875898 1 39 theme syriacus 82:89 arg1 mugunghwa 62:70 mugunghwa 62:70 mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus L.) 62:93 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus L.). 28875898 1 39 theme syriacus 82:89 arg1 L 91:91 Hibiscus syriacus L. 73:92 Hibiscus syriacus L. 73:92 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus L.). 28875898 15 40 theme Microbacterium 1658:1671 arg1 species 1637:1643 a novel species 1629:1643 a novel species 1629:1643 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 3 41 theme optimum 358:364 arg1 % 370:370 optimum 3.0 % 358:370 optimum 3.0 % 358:370 Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). 28875898 3 41 theme optimum 358:364 arg1  NaCl 351:355 0-7.0 % NaCl 344:355 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %) 344:371 Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). 28875898 5 42 theme fatty 703:707 arg1 anteiso-C15  720:731 anteiso-C15  720:731 anteiso-C15  720:731 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875898 5 42 theme fatty 703:707 arg1 acids 709:713 The major fatty acids 693:713 The major fatty acids 693:713 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875898 4 43 theme THG-T2.14T 462:471 arg1 22421T 627:632 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T 593:632 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) 593:641 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 43 theme THG-T2.14T 462:471 arg1 23203T 520:525 Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T 492:525 Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %) 492:534 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 43 theme THG-T2.14T 462:471 arg1 17124T 676:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T 647:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %) 647:690 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 43 theme THG-T2.14T 462:471 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 43 theme THG-T2.14T 462:471 arg1 8608T 577:581 Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T 537:581 Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %) 537:590 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 44 theme Microbacterium 647:660 arg1 17124T 676:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T 647:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %) 647:690 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 44 theme Microbacterium 647:660 arg1 % 689:689 98.4 % 684:689 98.4 % 684:689 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 44 theme Microbacterium 647:660 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 45 theme Microbacterium 537:550 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 45 theme Microbacterium 537:550 arg1 8608T 577:581 Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T 537:581 Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %) 537:590 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 45 theme Microbacterium 537:550 arg1 % 589:589 98.8 % 584:589 98.8 % 584:589 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 9 46 contain contained 1028:1036 arg2 ornithine 1038:1046 ornithine 1038:1046 ornithine 1038:1046 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine, alanine, glycine, homoserine and glutamic acid. 28875898 9 46 contain contained 1028:1036 arg2 homoserine 1067:1076 homoserine 1067:1076 homoserine 1067:1076 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine, alanine, glycine, homoserine and glutamic acid. 28875898 9 46 contain contained 1028:1036 arg1 peptidoglycan 1014:1026 The peptidoglycan 1010:1026 The peptidoglycan 1010:1026 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine, alanine, glycine, homoserine and glutamic acid. 28875898 9 46 contain contained 1028:1036 arg2 acid 1091:1094 glutamic acid 1082:1094 glutamic acid 1082:1094 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine, alanine, glycine, homoserine and glutamic acid. 28875898 9 46 contain contained 1028:1036 arg2 alanine 1049:1055 alanine 1049:1055 alanine 1049:1055 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine, alanine, glycine, homoserine and glutamic acid. 28875898 9 46 contain contained 1028:1036 arg2 glycine 1058:1064 glycine 1058:1064 glycine 1058:1064 The peptidoglycan contained ornithine, alanine, glycine, homoserine and glutamic acid. 28875898 2 47 theme mugunghwa 252:260 arg1 rhizosphere 237:247 the rhizosphere 233:247 the rhizosphere of mugunghwa 233:260 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium, designated THG-T2.14T, was isolated from soil sampled from the rhizosphere of mugunghwa. 28875898 13 48 theme strain 1298:1303 arg1 THG-T2.14T 1305:1314 strain THG-T2.14T 1298:1314 strain THG-T2.14T 1298:1314 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T was 71.2 mol%. 28875898 11 49 theme muramic 1161:1167 arg1 acid 1169:1172 the muramic acid 1157:1172 the muramic acid 1157:1172 The acyl type of the muramic acid was glycolyl. 28875898 3 50 theme % 350:350 arg1 % 370:370 optimum 3.0 % 358:370 optimum 3.0 % 358:370 Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). 28875898 3 50 theme % 350:350 arg1  NaCl 351:355 0-7.0 % NaCl 344:355 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %) 344:371 Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). 28875898 13 51 theme DNA 1279:1281 arg1 content 1287:1293 The DNA G+C content 1275:1293 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T 1275:1314 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T was 71.2 mol%. 28875898 13 51 theme DNA 1279:1281 arg1 % 1328:1328 71.2 mol% 1320:1328 71.2 mol% 1320:1328 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T was 71.2 mol%. 28875898 15 52 theme genus 1652:1656 arg1 Microbacterium 1658:1671 the genus Microbacterium 1648:1671 the genus Microbacterium 1648:1671 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 4 53 theme DSM 573:575 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 53 theme DSM 573:575 arg1 8608T 577:581 Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T 537:581 Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %) 537:590 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 53 theme DSM 573:575 arg1 % 589:589 98.8 % 584:589 98.8 % 584:589 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 6 54 theme unidentified 866:877 arg1 phospholipids 879:891 two unidentified phospholipids 862:891 two unidentified phospholipids 862:891 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28875898 15 55 theme hibisci 1708:1714 arg1 sp 1716:1717 the name Microbacterium hibisci sp 1684:1717 the name Microbacterium hibisci sp 1684:1717 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 4 56 theme phylogenetic 428:439 arg1 22421T 627:632 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T 593:632 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) 593:641 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 56 theme phylogenetic 428:439 arg1 23203T 520:525 Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T 492:525 Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %) 492:534 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 56 theme phylogenetic 428:439 arg1 17124T 676:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T 647:681 Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %) 647:690 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 56 theme phylogenetic 428:439 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 56 theme phylogenetic 428:439 arg1 8608T 577:581 Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T 537:581 Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %) 537:590 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 57 dep Microbacterium 492:505 arg1 yannicii 507:514 yannicii 507:514 yannicii 507:514 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 58 dep Microbacterium 537:550 arg1 trichothecenolyticum 552:571 trichothecenolyticum 552:571 trichothecenolyticum 552:571 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 15 59 theme chemotaxonomic 1517:1530 arg1 data 1532:1535 chemotaxonomic data 1517:1535 chemotaxonomic data 1517:1535 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 13 60 theme THG-T2.14T 1305:1314 arg1 content 1287:1293 The DNA G+C content 1275:1293 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T 1275:1314 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T was 71.2 mol%. 28875898 13 60 theme THG-T2.14T 1305:1314 arg1 % 1328:1328 71.2 mol% 1320:1328 71.2 mol% 1320:1328 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T was 71.2 mol%. 28875898 3 61 theme 0-7.0  344:349 arg1 % 350:350 % 350:350 % 350:350 Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). 28875898 4 62 theme strain 455:460 arg1 THG-T2.14T 462:471 strain THG-T2.14T 455:471 strain THG-T2.14T 455:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 14 63 theme % 1471:1471 arg1 value 1459:1463 the threshold value 1445:1463 the threshold value of 70 % 1445:1471 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-T2.14T and its closest reference strains were significantly lower than the threshold value of 70 %. 28875898 4 64 theme DSM 623:625 arg1 22421T 627:632 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T 593:632 Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) 593:641 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 64 theme DSM 623:625 arg1 % 640:640 98.7 % 635:640 98.7 % 635:640 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 4 64 theme DSM 623:625 arg1 neighbours 441:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 416:450 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T 416:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T2.14T were identified as Microbacterium yannicii DSM 23203T (98.8 %), Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum DSM 8608T (98.8 %), Microbacterium arthrosphaerae DSM 22421T (98.7 %) and Microbacterium jejuense KACC 17124T (98.4 %). 28875898 15 65 theme phylogenetic 1494:1505 arg1 analysis 1507:1514 the phylogenetic analysis 1490:1514 the phylogenetic analysis 1490:1514 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 13 66 theme 71.2 mol 1320:1327 arg1 content 1287:1293 The DNA G+C content 1275:1293 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T 1275:1314 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T was 71.2 mol%. 28875898 13 66 theme 71.2 mol 1320:1327 arg1 % 1328:1328 71.2 mol% 1320:1328 71.2 mol% 1320:1328 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T was 71.2 mol%. 28875898 11 67 theme acyl 1144:1147 arg1 type 1149:1152 The acyl type 1140:1152 The acyl type of the muramic acid 1140:1172 The acyl type of the muramic acid was glycolyl. 28875898 11 67 theme acyl 1144:1147 arg1 glycolyl 1178:1185 glycolyl 1178:1185 glycolyl 1178:1185 The acyl type of the muramic acid was glycolyl. 28875898 14 68 theme strain 1363:1368 arg1 THG-T2.14T 1370:1379 strain THG-T2.14T 1363:1379 strain THG-T2.14T 1363:1379 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-T2.14T and its closest reference strains were significantly lower than the threshold value of 70 %. 28875898 6 69 theme unidentified 901:912 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 914:931 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 897:931 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 897:931 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28875898 13 70 theme G+C 1283:1285 arg1 content 1287:1293 The DNA G+C content 1275:1293 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T 1275:1314 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T was 71.2 mol%. 28875898 13 70 theme G+C 1283:1285 arg1 % 1328:1328 71.2 mol% 1320:1328 71.2 mol% 1320:1328 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T2.14T was 71.2 mol%. 28875898 15 71 theme novel 1631:1635 arg1 species 1637:1643 a novel species 1629:1643 a novel species 1629:1643 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T2.14T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium hibisci sp. 28875898 2 72 theme Gram-stain-positive 98:116 arg1 actinobacterium 157:171 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium 96:171 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium 96:171 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short-rod shaped actinobacterium, designated THG-T2.14T, was isolated from soil sampled from the rhizosphere of mugunghwa. 28875898 5 73 dep anteiso-C15  720:731 arg1  0 733:734  0 733:734  0 733:734 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875898 5 73 dep anteiso-C15  720:731 arg1  0 766:767  0 766:767  0 766:767 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875898 5 73 dep anteiso-C15  720:731 arg1 iso-C16  757:764 iso-C16  757:764 iso-C16  757:764 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875898 5 73 dep anteiso-C15  720:731 arg1  0 750:751  0 750:751  0 750:751 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28875898 14 74 theme threshold 1449:1457 arg1 value 1459:1463 the threshold value 1445:1463 the threshold value of 70 % 1445:1471 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-T2.14T and its closest reference strains were significantly lower than the threshold value of 70 %. 28875898 17 75 theme AB 1788:1789 arg1 2016180T 1791:1798 =KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T 1769:1798 =KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T 1769:1798 The type strain is THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T). 28875898 17 75 theme AB 1788:1789 arg1 THG-T2.14T 1757:1766 THG-T2.14T 1757:1766 THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T) 1757:1799 The type strain is THG-T2.14T (=KACC 18931T=CCTCC AB 2016180T). 28875898 8 76 theme major 978:982 arg1 spermidine 998:1007 spermidine 998:1007 spermidine 998:1007 The major polyamine was spermidine. 28875898 8 76 theme major 978:982 arg1 polyamine 984:992 The major polyamine 974:992 The major polyamine 974:992 The major polyamine was spermidine. 25421042 2 0 theme intestinal 627:636 arg1 permeability 638:649 increased intestinal permeability 617:649 increased intestinal permeability 617:649 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 0 1 from model 185:189 arg1 suppression 57:67 suppression 57:67 suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 57:189 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 10 2 theme serum 1544:1548 arg1 levels 1560:1565 serum endotoxin levels 1544:1565 serum endotoxin levels 1544:1565 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, were recognized in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 4 3 theme ‑induced 865:872 arg1 model 902:906 a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model 827:906 a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model 827:906 The effects of antibiotics were assessed in vivo using a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model. 25421042 4 4 theme liver 887:891 arg1 model 902:906 a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model 827:906 a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model 827:906 The effects of antibiotics were assessed in vivo using a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model. 25421042 12 5 theme tight 1795:1799 arg1 TJP 1819:1821 TJP 1819:1821 TJP 1819:1821 The tight junction protein (TJP) in the intestine, determined by immunohistochemical analysis was inversely associated with intestinal permeability. 25421042 12 5 theme tight 1795:1799 arg1 protein 1810:1816 The tight junction protein 1791:1816 The tight junction protein (TJP) 1791:1822 The tight junction protein (TJP) in the intestine, determined by immunohistochemical analysis was inversely associated with intestinal permeability. 25421042 8 6 theme mRNA 1261:1264 arg1 level 1266:1270 TLR4 mRNA level 1256:1270 TLR4 mRNA level in the liver 1256:1283 Notably, TLR4 mRNA level in the liver was elevated in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 1 7 from pathways 321:328 arg1 critical 292:299 critical 292:299 critical 292:299 Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 25421042 1 8 theme Previous 192:199 arg1 studies 210:216 Previous clinical studies 192:216 Previous clinical studies 192:216 Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 25421042 15 9 dep novel 2254:2258 arg1 therapeutic 2260:2270 therapeutic 2260:2270 therapeutic 2260:2270 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 3 10 theme NASH 766:769 arg1 pathogenesis 750:761 the pathogenesis 746:761 the pathogenesis of NASH 746:769 The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of endogenous endotoxin and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of NASH. 25421042 13 11 theme TJP 2002:2004 arg1 expression 2006:2015 TJP expression 2002:2015 TJP expression 2002:2015 Antibiotics improved the intestinal permeability and enhanced TJP expression. 25421042 10 12 theme CDAA 1591:1594 arg1 group 1596:1600 the CDAA group 1587:1600 the CDAA group 1587:1600 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, were recognized in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 0 13 theme intestinal 122:131 arg1 permeability 133:144 intestinal permeability 122:144 intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 122:189 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 15 14 theme intestinal 2230:2239 arg1 TJP 2241:2243 intestinal TJP 2230:2243 intestinal TJP 2230:2243 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 1 15 theme endotoxin/toll‑like 241:259 arg1 receptor 261:268 endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 241:270 endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling 241:287 Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 25421042 1 15 theme endotoxin/toll‑like 241:259 arg1 TLR4 273:276 TLR4 273:276 TLR4 273:276 Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 25421042 10 16 theme CDAA‑induced 1610:1621 arg1 increase 1623:1630 the CDAA‑induced increase 1606:1630 the CDAA‑induced increase 1606:1630 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, were recognized in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 0 17 theme rat 151:153 arg1 model 185:189 a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 149:189 a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 149:189 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 15 18 theme fibrosis 2304:2311 arg1 development 2313:2323 liver fibrosis development 2298:2323 liver fibrosis development in NASH 2298:2331 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 11 19 theme acid 1779:1782 arg1 group 1784:1788 the choline‑supplemented amino acid group 1748:1788 the choline‑supplemented amino acid group 1748:1788 The intestinal permeability of the CDAA group was increased compared with the choline‑supplemented amino acid group. 25421042 0 20 theme steatohepatitis 169:183 arg1 model 185:189 a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 149:189 a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 149:189 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 15 21 from development 2313:2323 arg1 NASH 2328:2331 NASH 2328:2331 NASH 2328:2331 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 11 22 theme choline‑supplemented 1752:1771 arg1 group 1784:1788 the choline‑supplemented amino acid group 1748:1788 the choline‑supplemented amino acid group 1748:1788 The intestinal permeability of the CDAA group was increased compared with the choline‑supplemented amino acid group. 25421042 14 23 with Inhibition 2018:2027 arg1 antibiotics 2056:2066 antibiotics 2056:2066 antibiotics 2056:2066 Inhibition of LPS‑TLR4 signaling with antibiotics attenuated liver fibrosis development associated with NASH via the inhibition of HSC activation. 25421042 6 24 theme stellate 1033:1040 arg1 cell 1042:1045 hepatic stellate cell 1025:1045 hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation 1025:1062 Antibiotics attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via TGF‑β and collagen in an experimental hepatic fibrosis model. 25421042 6 24 theme stellate 1033:1040 arg1 HSC 1048:1050 HSC 1048:1050 HSC 1048:1050 Antibiotics attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via TGF‑β and collagen in an experimental hepatic fibrosis model. 25421042 0 25 theme stellate 80:87 arg1 cell 89:92 hepatic stellate cell activation and remission 72:117 hepatic stellate cell activation and remission 72:117 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 2 26 theme microbiota 602:611 arg1 composition 583:593 composition 583:593 composition of the microbiota 583:611 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 3 27 theme present 667:673 arg1 study 675:679 the present study 663:679 the present study 663:679 The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of endogenous endotoxin and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of NASH. 25421042 2 28 theme intestinal 540:549 arg1 overgrowth 561:570 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 534:570 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 534:570 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 2 29 dep human 387:391 arg1 studies 404:410 studies 404:410 studies 404:410 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 4 30 theme antibiotics 787:797 arg1 effects 776:782 The effects 772:782 The effects of antibiotics 772:797 The effects of antibiotics were assessed in vivo using a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model. 25421042 7 31 theme liver 1218:1222 arg1 fibrosis 1224:1231 liver fibrosis 1218:1231 liver fibrosis 1218:1231 The mechanism by which antibiotics attenuated LPS‑TLR4 signaling and liver fibrosis was assessed. 25421042 12 32 theme intestinal 1915:1924 arg1 permeability 1926:1937 intestinal permeability 1915:1937 intestinal permeability 1915:1937 The tight junction protein (TJP) in the intestine, determined by immunohistochemical analysis was inversely associated with intestinal permeability. 25421042 14 33 theme liver 2079:2083 arg1 development 2094:2104 liver fibrosis development 2079:2104 liver fibrosis development associated with NASH 2079:2125 Inhibition of LPS‑TLR4 signaling with antibiotics attenuated liver fibrosis development associated with NASH via the inhibition of HSC activation. 25421042 10 34 theme mRNA 1482:1485 arg1 levels 1487:1492 Elevated mRNA levels 1473:1492 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, 1473:1566 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, were recognized in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 9 35 located observed 1429:1436 arg2 differences 1412:1422 no significant differences 1397:1422 no significant differences 1397:1422 However, no significant differences were observed in the intestine among all groups. 25421042 9 35 located observed 1429:1436 arg1 intestine 1445:1453 the intestine 1441:1453 the intestine 1441:1453 However, no significant differences were observed in the intestine among all groups. 25421042 14 36 theme activation 2153:2162 arg1 inhibition 2135:2144 the inhibition 2131:2144 the inhibition of HSC activation 2131:2162 Inhibition of LPS‑TLR4 signaling with antibiotics attenuated liver fibrosis development associated with NASH via the inhibition of HSC activation. 25421042 0 37 theme endotoxin 13:21 arg1 Reduction 0:8 Reduction 0:8 Reduction of endotoxin 0:21 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 1 38 theme inflammatory 308:319 arg1 pathways 321:328 the inflammatory pathways 304:328 the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 304:381 Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 25421042 14 39 theme signaling 2041:2049 arg1 Inhibition 2018:2027 Inhibition 2018:2027 Inhibition of LPS‑TLR4 signaling with antibiotics 2018:2066 Inhibition of LPS‑TLR4 signaling with antibiotics attenuated liver fibrosis development associated with NASH via the inhibition of HSC activation. 25421042 10 40 theme binding 1501:1507 arg1 protein 1509:1515 LPS binding protein 1497:1515 LPS binding protein 1497:1515 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, were recognized in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 3 41 theme study 675:679 arg1 aim 656:658 The aim 652:658 The aim of the present study 652:679 The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of endogenous endotoxin and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of NASH. 25421042 0 42 theme liver 34:38 arg1 fibrosis 40:47 liver fibrosis 34:47 liver fibrosis 34:47 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 15 43 theme LPS 2207:2209 arg1 strategy 2272:2279 a novel therapeutic strategy 2252:2279 a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH 2252:2331 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 15 43 theme LPS 2207:2209 arg1 reduction 2194:2202 reduction 2194:2202 reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP 2194:2243 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 2 44 theme plasma 478:483 arg1 level 489:493 the plasma LPS level 474:493 the plasma LPS level 474:493 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 2 45 from permeability 638:649 arg1 composition 583:593 composition 583:593 composition of the microbiota 583:611 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 11 46 theme CDAA 1709:1712 arg1 group 1714:1718 the CDAA group 1705:1718 the CDAA group 1705:1718 The intestinal permeability of the CDAA group was increased compared with the choline‑supplemented amino acid group. 25421042 4 47 theme deficiency 837:846 arg1 acid 854:857 choline deficiency amino acid 829:857 choline deficiency amino acid 829:857 The effects of antibiotics were assessed in vivo using a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model. 25421042 1 48 theme non‑alcoholic 346:358 arg1 NASH 377:380 NASH 377:380 NASH 377:380 Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 25421042 1 48 theme non‑alcoholic 346:358 arg1 steatohepatitis 360:374 non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis 346:374 non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 346:381 Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 25421042 1 49 theme receptor 261:268 arg1 signaling 279:287 endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling 241:287 endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling 241:287 Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 25421042 12 50 theme immunohistochemical 1856:1874 arg1 analysis 1876:1883 immunohistochemical analysis 1856:1883 immunohistochemical analysis 1856:1883 The tight junction protein (TJP) in the intestine, determined by immunohistochemical analysis was inversely associated with intestinal permeability. 25421042 6 51 theme hepatic 1125:1131 arg1 model 1142:1146 an experimental hepatic fibrosis model 1109:1146 an experimental hepatic fibrosis model 1109:1146 Antibiotics attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via TGF‑β and collagen in an experimental hepatic fibrosis model. 25421042 10 52 theme endotoxin 1550:1558 arg1 levels 1560:1565 serum endotoxin levels 1544:1565 serum endotoxin levels 1544:1565 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, were recognized in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 3 53 theme endotoxin 724:732 arg1 roles 704:708 the roles 700:708 the roles of endogenous endotoxin and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of NASH 700:769 The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of endogenous endotoxin and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of NASH. 25421042 3 54 theme TLR4 738:741 arg1 roles 704:708 the roles 700:708 the roles of endogenous endotoxin and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of NASH 700:769 The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of endogenous endotoxin and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of NASH. 25421042 2 55 theme increased 617:625 arg1 permeability 638:649 increased intestinal permeability 617:649 increased intestinal permeability 617:649 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 12 56 from protein 1810:1816 arg1 intestine 1831:1839 the intestine 1827:1839 the intestine 1827:1839 The tight junction protein (TJP) in the intestine, determined by immunohistochemical analysis was inversely associated with intestinal permeability. 25421042 15 57 theme development 2313:2323 arg1 treatment 2285:2293 treatment 2285:2293 treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH 2285:2331 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 4 58 theme experimental 874:885 arg1 model 902:906 a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model 827:906 a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model 827:906 The effects of antibiotics were assessed in vivo using a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model. 25421042 12 59 theme junction 1801:1808 arg1 TJP 1819:1821 TJP 1819:1821 TJP 1819:1821 The tight junction protein (TJP) in the intestine, determined by immunohistochemical analysis was inversely associated with intestinal permeability. 25421042 12 59 theme junction 1801:1808 arg1 protein 1810:1816 The tight junction protein 1791:1816 The tight junction protein (TJP) 1791:1822 The tight junction protein (TJP) in the intestine, determined by immunohistochemical analysis was inversely associated with intestinal permeability. 25421042 15 60 theme TJP 2241:2243 arg1 restoration 2215:2225 restoration 2215:2225 restoration of intestinal TJP 2215:2243 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 15 60 theme TJP 2241:2243 arg1 LPS 2207:2209 LPS 2207:2209 LPS 2207:2209 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 4 61 theme amino 848:852 arg1 acid 854:857 choline deficiency amino acid 829:857 choline deficiency amino acid 829:857 The effects of antibiotics were assessed in vivo using a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model. 25421042 8 62 theme TLR4 1256:1259 arg1 level 1266:1270 TLR4 mRNA level 1256:1270 TLR4 mRNA level in the liver 1256:1283 Notably, TLR4 mRNA level in the liver was elevated in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 11 63 theme intestinal 1678:1687 arg1 permeability 1689:1700 The intestinal permeability 1674:1700 The intestinal permeability of the CDAA group 1674:1718 The intestinal permeability of the CDAA group was increased compared with the choline‑supplemented amino acid group. 25421042 1 64 theme clinical 201:208 arg1 studies 210:216 Previous clinical studies 192:216 Previous clinical studies 192:216 Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 25421042 0 65 theme permeability 133:144 arg1 suppression 57:67 suppression 57:67 suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 57:189 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 3 66 from roles 704:708 arg1 pathogenesis 750:761 the pathogenesis 746:761 the pathogenesis of NASH 746:769 The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of endogenous endotoxin and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of NASH. 25421042 2 67 theme bacterial 551:559 arg1 overgrowth 561:570 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 534:570 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 534:570 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 0 68 theme non-alcoholic 155:167 arg1 model 185:189 a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 149:189 a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 149:189 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 8 69 from level 1266:1270 arg1 liver 1279:1283 the liver 1275:1283 the liver 1275:1283 Notably, TLR4 mRNA level in the liver was elevated in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 15 70 theme liver 2298:2302 arg1 development 2313:2323 liver fibrosis development 2298:2323 liver fibrosis development in NASH 2298:2331 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 4 71 theme fibrosis 893:900 arg1 model 902:906 a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model 827:906 a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model 827:906 The effects of antibiotics were assessed in vivo using a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model. 25421042 8 72 theme CDAA 1305:1308 arg1 group 1310:1314 the CDAA group 1301:1314 the CDAA group 1301:1314 Notably, TLR4 mRNA level in the liver was elevated in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 13 73 theme intestinal 1965:1974 arg1 permeability 1976:1987 the intestinal permeability 1961:1987 the intestinal permeability 1961:1987 Antibiotics improved the intestinal permeability and enhanced TJP expression. 25421042 0 74 theme hepatic 72:78 arg1 cell 89:92 hepatic stellate cell activation and remission 72:117 hepatic stellate cell activation and remission 72:117 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 6 75 theme cell 1042:1045 arg1 activation 1053:1062 hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation 1025:1062 hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation 1025:1062 Antibiotics attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via TGF‑β and collagen in an experimental hepatic fibrosis model. 25421042 11 76 theme amino 1773:1777 arg1 group 1784:1788 the choline‑supplemented amino acid group 1748:1788 the choline‑supplemented amino acid group 1748:1788 The intestinal permeability of the CDAA group was increased compared with the choline‑supplemented amino acid group. 25421042 0 77 theme cell 89:92 arg1 suppression 57:67 suppression 57:67 suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 57:189 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 15 78 theme novel 2254:2258 arg1 strategy 2272:2279 a novel therapeutic strategy 2252:2279 a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH 2252:2331 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 15 78 theme novel 2254:2258 arg1 reduction 2194:2202 reduction 2194:2202 reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP 2194:2243 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 6 79 theme hepatic 1025:1031 arg1 cell 1042:1045 hepatic stellate cell 1025:1045 hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation 1025:1062 Antibiotics attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via TGF‑β and collagen in an experimental hepatic fibrosis model. 25421042 6 79 theme hepatic 1025:1031 arg1 HSC 1048:1050 HSC 1048:1050 HSC 1048:1050 Antibiotics attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via TGF‑β and collagen in an experimental hepatic fibrosis model. 25421042 1 80 from critical 292:299 arg1 pathways 321:328 the inflammatory pathways 304:328 the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 304:381 Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 25421042 8 81 theme CDAA‑induced 1324:1335 arg1 increase 1337:1344 the CDAA‑induced increase 1320:1344 the CDAA‑induced increase 1320:1344 Notably, TLR4 mRNA level in the liver was elevated in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 2 82 theme small 534:538 arg1 overgrowth 561:570 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 534:570 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 534:570 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 0 83 from suppression 57:67 arg1 model 185:189 a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 149:189 a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 149:189 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 14 84 theme fibrosis 2085:2092 arg1 development 2094:2104 liver fibrosis development 2079:2104 liver fibrosis development associated with NASH 2079:2125 Inhibition of LPS‑TLR4 signaling with antibiotics attenuated liver fibrosis development associated with NASH via the inhibition of HSC activation. 25421042 15 85 from NASH 2328:2331 arg1 treatment 2285:2293 treatment 2285:2293 treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH 2285:2331 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 7 86 theme LPS‑TLR4 1195:1202 arg1 signaling 1204:1212 LPS‑TLR4 signaling 1195:1212 LPS‑TLR4 signaling 1195:1212 The mechanism by which antibiotics attenuated LPS‑TLR4 signaling and liver fibrosis was assessed. 25421042 0 87 dep cell 89:92 arg1 remission 109:117 remission 109:117 remission 109:117 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 0 87 dep cell 89:92 arg1 activation 94:103 activation 94:103 activation 94:103 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 10 88 theme Elevated 1473:1480 arg1 levels 1487:1492 Elevated mRNA levels 1473:1492 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, 1473:1566 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, were recognized in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 14 89 theme HSC 2149:2151 arg1 activation 2153:2162 HSC activation 2149:2162 HSC activation 2149:2162 Inhibition of LPS‑TLR4 signaling with antibiotics attenuated liver fibrosis development associated with NASH via the inhibition of HSC activation. 25421042 6 90 theme liver 1068:1072 arg1 fibrosis 1074:1081 liver fibrosis 1068:1081 liver fibrosis 1068:1081 Antibiotics attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via TGF‑β and collagen in an experimental hepatic fibrosis model. 25421042 10 91 theme protein 1509:1515 arg1 levels 1487:1492 Elevated mRNA levels 1473:1492 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, 1473:1566 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, were recognized in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 11 92 theme group 1714:1718 arg1 permeability 1689:1700 The intestinal permeability 1674:1700 The intestinal permeability of the CDAA group 1674:1718 The intestinal permeability of the CDAA group was increased compared with the choline‑supplemented amino acid group. 25421042 2 93 theme portal 438:443 arg1 LPS 465:467 LPS 465:467 LPS 465:467 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 2 93 theme portal 438:443 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 445:462 portal lipopolysaccharide 438:462 portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 438:468 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 14 94 theme LPS‑TLR4 2032:2039 arg1 signaling 2041:2049 LPS‑TLR4 signaling 2032:2049 LPS‑TLR4 signaling 2032:2049 Inhibition of LPS‑TLR4 signaling with antibiotics attenuated liver fibrosis development associated with NASH via the inhibition of HSC activation. 25421042 2 95 theme LPS 485:487 arg1 level 489:493 the plasma LPS level 474:493 the plasma LPS level 474:493 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 10 96 theme LPS 1497:1499 arg1 protein 1509:1515 LPS binding protein 1497:1515 LPS binding protein 1497:1515 Elevated mRNA levels of LPS binding protein, which was correlated with serum endotoxin levels, were recognized in the CDAA group and the CDAA‑induced increase was significantly reduced by antibiotics. 25421042 0 97 from permeability 133:144 arg1 model 185:189 a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 149:189 a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model 149:189 Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. 25421042 4 98 dep ‑induced 865:872 arg1 acid 854:857 choline deficiency amino acid 829:857 choline deficiency amino acid 829:857 The effects of antibiotics were assessed in vivo using a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model. 25421042 4 99 theme choline 829:835 arg1 acid 854:857 choline deficiency amino acid 829:857 choline deficiency amino acid 829:857 The effects of antibiotics were assessed in vivo using a choline deficiency amino acid (CDAA)‑induced experimental liver fibrosis model. 25421042 15 100 from treatment 2285:2293 arg1 NASH 2328:2331 NASH 2328:2331 NASH 2328:2331 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 6 101 theme fibrosis 1133:1140 arg1 model 1142:1146 an experimental hepatic fibrosis model 1109:1146 an experimental hepatic fibrosis model 1109:1146 Antibiotics attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via TGF‑β and collagen in an experimental hepatic fibrosis model. 25421042 2 102 from overgrowth 561:570 arg1 composition 583:593 composition 583:593 composition of the microbiota 583:611 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 9 103 theme significant 1400:1410 arg1 differences 1412:1422 no significant differences 1397:1422 no significant differences 1397:1422 However, no significant differences were observed in the intestine among all groups. 25421042 15 104 theme restoration 2215:2225 arg1 strategy 2272:2279 a novel therapeutic strategy 2252:2279 a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH 2252:2331 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 15 104 theme restoration 2215:2225 arg1 reduction 2194:2202 reduction 2194:2202 reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP 2194:2243 These results indicated that reduction of LPS and restoration of intestinal TJP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis development in NASH. 25421042 6 105 theme experimental 1112:1123 arg1 model 1142:1146 an experimental hepatic fibrosis model 1109:1146 an experimental hepatic fibrosis model 1109:1146 Antibiotics attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via TGF‑β and collagen in an experimental hepatic fibrosis model. 25421042 2 106 from change 573:578 arg1 composition 583:593 composition 583:593 composition of the microbiota 583:611 In human and animal studies, NASH was associated with portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma LPS level was hypothesized to be associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, change in composition of the microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. 25421042 3 107 theme endogenous 713:722 arg1 endotoxin 724:732 endogenous endotoxin 713:732 endogenous endotoxin 713:732 The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of endogenous endotoxin and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of NASH. 24824637 12 0 theme new 1604:1606 arg1 isolates 1608:1615 the new isolates 1600:1615 the new isolates 1600:1615 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 5 1 theme Lactobacillus 635:647 arg1 species 693:699 the closest related species 673:699 the closest related species with a validly published name 673:729 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 5 1 theme Lactobacillus 635:647 arg1 tucceti 649:655 Lactobacillus tucceti 635:655 Lactobacillus tucceti 635:655 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 3 2 theme strain 534:539 arg1 sp 555:556 the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 504:556 the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 504:556 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 12 3 theme analyses 1576:1583 arg1 characteristics 1526:1540 phenotypic characteristics 1515:1540 phenotypic characteristics 1515:1540 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 3 theme analyses 1576:1583 arg1 results 1550:1556 the results 1546:1556 the results 1546:1556 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 3 theme analyses 1576:1583 arg1 characteristics 1402:1416 Genotypic characteristics 1392:1416 Genotypic characteristics 1392:1416 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 3 theme analyses 1576:1583 arg1 analyses 1435:1442 phylogenetic analyses 1422:1442 phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf 1422:1502 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 3 4 theme uncharacterized 508:522 arg1 sp 555:556 the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 504:556 the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 504:556 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 6 5 theme different 838:846 arg1 markers 848:854 different markers 838:854 different markers 838:854 However, phylogenetic analyses based on different markers revealed that this species is phylogenetically very distant from the novel strains. 24824637 11 6 theme strain 1370:1375 arg1 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp was determined for strain BTLCH M1/2(T). 24824637 11 6 theme strain 1370:1375 arg1 M1/2 1383:1386 strain BTLCH M1/2 1370:1386 strain BTLCH M1/2(T) 1370:1389 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp was determined for strain BTLCH M1/2(T). 24824637 8 7 theme cyclo 1062:1066 arg1 acids 1026:1030 The fatty acids 1016:1030 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) 1016:1104 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 7 theme cyclo 1062:1066 arg1 ω10c/19ω6 1068:1076 cyclo ω10c/19ω6 1062:1076 cyclo ω10c/19ω6 1062:1076 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 4 8 theme Apis 618:621 arg1 mellifera 623:631 Apis mellifera 618:631 Apis mellifera 618:631 Mboho2r2 isolated from the stomach of a European honeybee (Apis mellifera). 24824637 4 8 theme Apis 618:621 arg1 honeybee 608:615 a European honeybee 597:615 a European honeybee (Apis mellifera) 597:632 Mboho2r2 isolated from the stomach of a European honeybee (Apis mellifera). 24824637 8 9 dep acids 1026:1030 arg1 C 1032:1032 C(19 : 1)ω6c 1032:1043 C(19 : 1)ω6c 1032:1043 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 9 dep acids 1026:1030 arg1 acids 1026:1030 The fatty acids 1016:1030 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) 1016:1104 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 9 dep acids 1026:1030 arg1 C 1052:1052 C 1052:1052 C 1052:1052 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 7 10 theme mol 1010:1012 arg1 content 952:958 The DNA G+C content 940:958 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) 940:1000 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 7 10 theme mol 1010:1012 arg1 % 1013:1013 37.8 mol% 1005:1013 37.8 mol% 1005:1013 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 6 11 theme novel 925:929 arg1 strains 931:937 the novel strains 921:937 the novel strains 921:937 However, phylogenetic analyses based on different markers revealed that this species is phylogenetically very distant from the novel strains. 24824637 2 12 theme laboratory-reared 218:234 arg1 queens 246:251 laboratory-reared bumblebee queens 218:251 laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) 218:271 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 2 12 theme laboratory-reared 218:234 arg1 terrestris 261:270 Bombus terrestris 254:270 Bombus terrestris 254:270 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 7 13 theme type 976:979 arg1 T 999:999 T 999:999 T 999:999 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 7 13 theme type 976:979 arg1 M1/2 994:997 the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2 963:997 the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) 963:1000 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 8 14 attach predominant 1111:1121 arg2 C 1079:1079 C(18 : 1)ω9c 1079:1090 C(18 : 1)ω9c 1079:1090 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 14 attach predominant 1111:1121 arg2 predominant 1111:1121 predominant 1111:1121 predominant 1111:1121 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 14 attach predominant 1111:1121 arg2 C 1096:1096 C 1096:1096 C 1096:1096 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 14 attach predominant 1111:1121 arg2 acids 1026:1030 The fatty acids 1016:1030 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) 1016:1104 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 14 attach predominant 1111:1121 arg1 strains 1130:1136 all strains 1126:1136 all strains 1126:1136 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 14 attach predominant 1111:1121 arg2 C 1052:1052 C 1052:1052 C 1052:1052 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 14 attach predominant 1111:1121 arg2 ω10c/19ω6 1068:1076 cyclo ω10c/19ω6 1062:1076 cyclo ω10c/19ω6 1062:1076 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 7 15 theme M1/2 994:997 arg1 content 952:958 The DNA G+C content 940:958 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) 940:1000 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 7 15 theme M1/2 994:997 arg1 % 1013:1013 37.8 mol% 1005:1013 37.8 mol% 1005:1013 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 2 16 theme Bombus 254:259 arg1 queens 246:251 laboratory-reared bumblebee queens 218:251 laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) 218:271 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 2 16 theme Bombus 254:259 arg1 terrestris 261:270 Bombus terrestris 254:270 Bombus terrestris 254:270 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 12 17 theme phenotypic 1515:1524 arg1 characteristics 1526:1540 phenotypic characteristics 1515:1540 phenotypic characteristics 1515:1540 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 2 18 theme queens 246:251 arg1 tracts 208:213 the digestive tracts 194:213 the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) 194:271 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 7 19 theme DNA 944:946 arg1 content 952:958 The DNA G+C content 940:958 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) 940:1000 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 7 19 theme DNA 944:946 arg1 % 1013:1013 37.8 mol% 1005:1013 37.8 mol% 1005:1013 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 8 20 dep 19  1054:1056 arg1  0 1058:1059  0 1058:1059 19 : 0 1054:1059 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 11 21 theme A4α 1335:1337 arg1 L-Lys-D-Asp 1339:1349 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp 1312:1349 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp 1312:1349 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp was determined for strain BTLCH M1/2(T). 24824637 5 22 theme % 742:742 arg1 similarity 767:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 737:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain 737:795 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 3 23 theme 16S 358:360 arg1 analysis 381:388 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:388 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:388 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 8 24 dep C 1052:1052 arg1 16  1098:1100 16  1098:1100 16 : 0 1098:1103 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 24 dep C 1052:1052 arg1 19  1054:1056 19  1054:1056 19 : 0 1054:1059 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 11 25 theme peptidoglycan 1316:1328 arg1 L-Lys-D-Asp 1339:1349 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp 1312:1349 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp 1312:1349 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp was determined for strain BTLCH M1/2(T). 24824637 2 26 theme MRS 279:281 arg1 agar 283:286 MRS agar 279:286 MRS agar 279:286 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 1 27 theme laboratory-reared 58:74 arg1 queens 86:91 laboratory-reared bumblebee queens 58:91 laboratory-reared bumblebee queens 58:91 nov., from the digestive tract of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris). 24824637 3 28 theme genus 420:424 arg1 Lactobacillus 426:438 the genus Lactobacillus 416:438 the genus Lactobacillus 416:438 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 0 29 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 20:21 Lactobacillus bombi sp 0:21 Lactobacillus bombi sp. 0:22 Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 30 theme Lactobacillus 1690:1702 arg1 sp 1710:1711 the name Lactobacillus bombi sp 1681:1711 the name Lactobacillus bombi sp 1681:1711 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 8 31 from predominant 1111:1121 arg1 strains 1130:1136 all strains 1126:1136 all strains 1126:1136 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 1 32 theme queens 86:91 arg1 tract 49:53 the digestive tract 35:53 the digestive tract of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens 35:91 nov., from the digestive tract of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris). 24824637 3 33 theme gene 367:370 arg1 analysis 381:388 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:388 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:388 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 6 34 from strains 931:937 arg1 distant 908:914 distant 908:914 distant 908:914 However, phylogenetic analyses based on different markers revealed that this species is phylogenetically very distant from the novel strains. 24824637 3 35 theme 16S 458:460 arg1 similarity 481:490 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 446:490 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 446:556 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 3 35 theme 16S 458:460 arg1 % 498:498 96.9 % 493:498 96.9 % 493:498 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 5 36 theme type 785:788 arg1 strain 790:795 the type strain 781:795 the type strain 781:795 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 12 37 theme Lactobacillus 1656:1668 arg1 species 1635:1641 a novel species 1627:1641 a novel species 1627:1641 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 1 38 theme Bombus 94:99 arg1 terrestris 101:110 Bombus terrestris 94:110 Bombus terrestris 94:110 nov., from the digestive tract of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris). 24824637 1 38 theme Bombus 94:99 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., from the digestive tract of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris). 24824637 12 39 theme phylogenetic 1457:1468 arg1 hsp60 1478:1482 hsp60 1478:1482 hsp60 1478:1482 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 39 theme phylogenetic 1457:1468 arg1 tuf 1500:1502 tuf 1500:1502 tuf 1500:1502 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 39 theme phylogenetic 1457:1468 arg1 rpoA 1491:1494 rpoA 1491:1494 rpoA 1491:1494 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 39 theme phylogenetic 1457:1468 arg1 markers 1470:1476 the phylogenetic markers 1453:1476 the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf 1453:1502 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 39 theme phylogenetic 1457:1468 arg1 pheS 1485:1488 pheS 1485:1488 pheS 1485:1488 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 5 40 theme rRNA 748:751 arg1 similarity 767:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 737:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain 737:795 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 14 41 theme BTLCH 1751:1755 arg1 T 1762:1762 T 1762:1762 T 1762:1762 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 14 41 theme BTLCH 1751:1755 arg1 strain 1741:1746 The type strain 1732:1746 The type strain 1732:1746 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 14 41 theme BTLCH 1751:1755 arg1 M1/2 1757:1760 BTLCH M1/2 1751:1760 BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)) 1751:1795 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 3 42 theme undescribed 393:403 arg1 members 405:411 undescribed members 393:411 undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus 393:438 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 3 42 theme undescribed 393:403 arg1 isolates 320:327 The isolates 316:327 The isolates 316:327 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 5 43 theme sequence 758:765 arg1 similarity 767:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 737:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain 737:795 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 12 44 theme novel 1629:1633 arg1 species 1635:1641 a novel species 1627:1641 a novel species 1627:1641 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 14 45 theme  = CCM 1781:1786 arg1 8440 1788:1791  = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440 1766:1791  = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T) 1766:1794 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 14 45 theme  = CCM 1781:1786 arg1 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 3 46 theme gene 467:470 arg1 similarity 481:490 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 446:490 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 446:556 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 3 46 theme gene 467:470 arg1 % 498:498 96.9 % 493:498 96.9 % 493:498 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 8 47 from strains 1130:1136 arg1 predominant 1111:1121 predominant 1111:1121 predominant 1111:1121 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 47 from strains 1130:1136 arg1 acids 1026:1030 The fatty acids 1016:1030 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) 1016:1104 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 48 dep 16  1098:1100 arg1  0 1102:1103  0 1102:1103 16 : 0 1098:1103 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 4 49 theme European 599:606 arg1 mellifera 623:631 Apis mellifera 618:631 Apis mellifera 618:631 Mboho2r2 isolated from the stomach of a European honeybee (Apis mellifera). 24824637 4 49 theme European 599:606 arg1 honeybee 608:615 a European honeybee 597:615 a European honeybee (Apis mellifera) 597:632 Mboho2r2 isolated from the stomach of a European honeybee (Apis mellifera). 24824637 12 50 dep markers 1470:1476 arg1 hsp60 1478:1482 hsp60 1478:1482 hsp60 1478:1482 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 50 dep markers 1470:1476 arg1 tuf 1500:1502 tuf 1500:1502 tuf 1500:1502 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 50 dep markers 1470:1476 arg1 rpoA 1491:1494 rpoA 1491:1494 rpoA 1491:1494 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 50 dep markers 1470:1476 arg1 markers 1470:1476 the phylogenetic markers 1453:1476 the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf 1453:1502 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 50 dep markers 1470:1476 arg1 pheS 1485:1488 pheS 1485:1488 pheS 1485:1488 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 51 theme chemotaxonomic 1561:1574 arg1 analyses 1576:1583 chemotaxonomic analyses 1561:1583 chemotaxonomic analyses 1561:1583 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 3 52 theme bacterial 524:532 arg1 sp 555:556 the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 504:556 the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 504:556 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 1 53 from tract 49:53 arg1 terrestris 101:110 Bombus terrestris 94:110 Bombus terrestris 94:110 nov., from the digestive tract of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris). 24824637 1 53 from tract 49:53 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., from the digestive tract of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris). 24824637 10 54 located observed 1293:1300 arg1 °C 1308:1309 47 °C 1305:1309 47 °C 1305:1309 Growth was observed at 47 °C. 24824637 10 54 located observed 1293:1300 arg2 Growth 1282:1287 Growth 1282:1287 Growth 1282:1287 Growth was observed at 47 °C. 24824637 2 55 theme bacterial 120:128 arg1 strains 130:136 Three bacterial strains 114:136 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus 114:173 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 9 56 theme novel 1267:1271 arg1 strains 1273:1279 the novel strains 1263:1279 the novel strains 1263:1279 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, seven glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids were detected in the novel strains. 24824637 5 57 theme closest 677:683 arg1 tucceti 649:655 Lactobacillus tucceti 635:655 Lactobacillus tucceti 635:655 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 5 57 theme closest 677:683 arg1 species 693:699 the closest related species 673:699 the closest related species with a validly published name 673:729 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 11 58 theme BTLCH 1377:1381 arg1 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp was determined for strain BTLCH M1/2(T). 24824637 11 58 theme BTLCH 1377:1381 arg1 M1/2 1383:1386 strain BTLCH M1/2 1370:1386 strain BTLCH M1/2(T) 1370:1389 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp was determined for strain BTLCH M1/2(T). 24824637 2 59 theme anaerobic 294:302 arg1 conditions 304:313 anaerobic conditions 294:313 anaerobic conditions 294:313 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 2 60 theme bumblebee 236:244 arg1 queens 246:251 laboratory-reared bumblebee queens 218:251 laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) 218:271 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 2 60 theme bumblebee 236:244 arg1 terrestris 261:270 Bombus terrestris 254:270 Bombus terrestris 254:270 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 7 61 theme strain 981:986 arg1 T 999:999 T 999:999 T 999:999 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 7 61 theme strain 981:986 arg1 M1/2 994:997 the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2 963:997 the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) 963:1000 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 12 62 theme Genotypic 1392:1400 arg1 characteristics 1402:1416 Genotypic characteristics 1392:1416 Genotypic characteristics 1392:1416 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 7 63 theme BTLCH 988:992 arg1 T 999:999 T 999:999 T 999:999 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 7 63 theme BTLCH 988:992 arg1 M1/2 994:997 the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2 963:997 the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) 963:1000 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 7 64 theme proposed 967:974 arg1 T 999:999 T 999:999 T 999:999 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 7 64 theme proposed 967:974 arg1 M1/2 994:997 the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2 963:997 the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) 963:1000 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 3 65 theme Lactobacillus 541:553 arg1 sp 555:556 the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 504:556 the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 504:556 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 14 66 theme T 1779:1779 arg1 8440 1788:1791  = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440 1766:1791  = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T) 1766:1794 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 14 66 theme T 1779:1779 arg1 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 14 67 dep M1/2 1757:1760 arg1 8440 1788:1791  = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440 1766:1791  = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T) 1766:1794 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 14 67 dep M1/2 1757:1760 arg1 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 11 68 theme type 1330:1333 arg1 L-Lys-D-Asp 1339:1349 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp 1312:1349 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp 1312:1349 The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp was determined for strain BTLCH M1/2(T). 24824637 5 69 theme 92.9  737:741 arg1 % 742:742 % 742:742 % 742:742 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 7 70 theme G+C 948:950 arg1 content 952:958 The DNA G+C content 940:958 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) 940:1000 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 7 70 theme G+C 948:950 arg1 % 1013:1013 37.8 mol% 1005:1013 37.8 mol% 1005:1013 The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. 24824637 5 71 theme related 685:691 arg1 tucceti 649:655 Lactobacillus tucceti 635:655 Lactobacillus tucceti 635:655 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 5 71 theme related 685:691 arg1 species 693:699 the closest related species 673:699 the closest related species with a validly published name 673:729 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 1 72 theme digestive 39:47 arg1 tract 49:53 the digestive tract 35:53 the digestive tract of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens 35:91 nov., from the digestive tract of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris). 24824637 3 73 theme rRNA 362:365 arg1 analysis 381:388 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:388 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:388 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 5 74 theme published 716:724 arg1 name 726:729 a validly published name 706:729 a validly published name 706:729 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 12 75 theme name 1685:1688 arg1 sp 1710:1711 the name Lactobacillus bombi sp 1681:1711 the name Lactobacillus bombi sp 1681:1711 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 14 76 theme 26517 1773:1777 arg1 8440 1788:1791  = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440 1766:1791  = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T) 1766:1794 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 14 76 theme 26517 1773:1777 arg1 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 0 77 theme bombi 14:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Lactobacillus bombi sp 0:21 Lactobacillus bombi sp. 0:22 Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 78 theme phylogenetic 1422:1433 arg1 analyses 1435:1442 phylogenetic analyses 1422:1442 phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf 1422:1502 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 12 79 theme bombi 1704:1708 arg1 sp 1710:1711 the name Lactobacillus bombi sp 1681:1711 the name Lactobacillus bombi sp 1681:1711 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 1 80 theme bumblebee 76:84 arg1 queens 86:91 laboratory-reared bumblebee queens 58:91 laboratory-reared bumblebee queens 58:91 nov., from the digestive tract of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris). 24824637 2 81 attach isolated 180:187 arg2 strains 130:136 Three bacterial strains 114:136 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus 114:173 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 2 81 attach isolated 180:187 arg1 tracts 208:213 the digestive tracts 194:213 the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) 194:271 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 9 82 located detected 1251:1258 arg1 strains 1273:1279 the novel strains 1263:1279 the novel strains 1263:1279 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, seven glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids were detected in the novel strains. 24824637 9 82 located detected 1251:1258 arg2 Diphosphatidylglycerol 1139:1160 Diphosphatidylglycerol 1139:1160 Diphosphatidylglycerol 1139:1160 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, seven glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids were detected in the novel strains. 24824637 9 82 located detected 1251:1258 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1163:1182 phosphatidylglycerol 1163:1182 phosphatidylglycerol 1163:1182 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, seven glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids were detected in the novel strains. 24824637 9 82 located detected 1251:1258 arg2 glycolipids 1207:1217 seven glycolipids 1201:1217 seven glycolipids 1201:1217 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, seven glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids were detected in the novel strains. 24824637 9 82 located detected 1251:1258 arg2 phospholipid 1187:1198 a phospholipid 1185:1198 a phospholipid 1185:1198 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, seven glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids were detected in the novel strains. 24824637 9 82 located detected 1251:1258 arg2 phosphoglycolipids 1227:1244 two phosphoglycolipids 1223:1244 two phosphoglycolipids 1223:1244 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, seven glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids were detected in the novel strains. 24824637 3 83 theme Lactobacillus 426:438 arg1 members 405:411 undescribed members 393:411 undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus 393:438 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 3 83 theme Lactobacillus 426:438 arg1 isolates 320:327 The isolates 316:327 The isolates 316:327 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 5 84 with species 693:699 arg1 name 726:729 a validly published name 706:729 a validly published name 706:729 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 5 84 with species 693:699 arg1 similarity 767:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 737:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain 737:795 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 3 85 theme sequence 372:379 arg1 analysis 381:388 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:388 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 358:388 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 3 86 theme rRNA 462:465 arg1 similarity 481:490 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 446:490 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 446:556 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 3 86 theme rRNA 462:465 arg1 % 498:498 96.9 % 493:498 96.9 % 493:498 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 5 87 theme 16S 744:746 arg1 similarity 767:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 737:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain 737:795 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 8 88 theme fatty 1020:1024 arg1 predominant 1111:1121 predominant 1111:1121 predominant 1111:1121 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 88 theme fatty 1020:1024 arg1 C 1052:1052 C 1052:1052 C 1052:1052 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 88 theme fatty 1020:1024 arg1 ω10c/19ω6 1068:1076 cyclo ω10c/19ω6 1062:1076 cyclo ω10c/19ω6 1062:1076 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 88 theme fatty 1020:1024 arg1 C 1079:1079 C(18 : 1)ω9c 1079:1090 C(18 : 1)ω9c 1079:1090 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 88 theme fatty 1020:1024 arg1 C 1096:1096 C 1096:1096 C 1096:1096 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 8 88 theme fatty 1020:1024 arg1 acids 1026:1030 The fatty acids 1016:1030 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) 1016:1104 The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. 24824637 2 89 theme genus 155:159 arg1 Lactobacillus 161:173 the genus Lactobacillus 151:173 the genus Lactobacillus 151:173 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 3 90 theme highest 450:456 arg1 similarity 481:490 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 446:490 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 446:556 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 3 90 theme highest 450:456 arg1 % 498:498 96.9 % 493:498 96.9 % 493:498 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 5 91 theme gene 753:756 arg1 similarity 767:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 737:776 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain 737:795 Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. 24824637 6 92 theme phylogenetic 807:818 arg1 analyses 820:827 phylogenetic analyses 807:827 phylogenetic analyses based on different markers 807:854 However, phylogenetic analyses based on different markers revealed that this species is phylogenetically very distant from the novel strains. 24824637 2 93 theme digestive 198:206 arg1 tracts 208:213 the digestive tracts 194:213 the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) 194:271 Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. 24824637 12 94 theme genus 1650:1654 arg1 Lactobacillus 1656:1668 the genus Lactobacillus 1646:1668 the genus Lactobacillus 1646:1668 Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. 24824637 14 95 theme type 1736:1739 arg1 strain 1741:1746 The type strain 1732:1746 The type strain 1732:1746 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 14 95 theme type 1736:1739 arg1 M1/2 1757:1760 BTLCH M1/2 1751:1760 BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)) 1751:1795 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 14 96 theme  = DSM 1766:1771 arg1 8440 1788:1791  = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440 1766:1791  = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T) 1766:1794 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 14 96 theme  = DSM 1766:1771 arg1 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)). 24824637 3 97 theme sequence 472:479 arg1 similarity 481:490 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 446:490 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp 446:556 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 3 97 theme sequence 472:479 arg1 % 498:498 96.9 % 493:498 96.9 % 493:498 The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. 24824637 4 98 theme honeybee 608:615 arg1 stomach 586:592 the stomach 582:592 the stomach of a European honeybee (Apis mellifera) 582:632 Mboho2r2 isolated from the stomach of a European honeybee (Apis mellifera). 27622344 6 0 theme fungal 970:975 arg1 biofilm 989:995 fungal C. albicans biofilm 970:995 fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) 970:1001 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite showed effective control of fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) at 50 μg mL-1. 27622344 6 0 theme fungal 970:975 arg1 % 1000:1000 92% 998:1000 92% 998:1000 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite showed effective control of fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) at 50 μg mL-1. 27622344 6 1 theme CS/Ag/ZnO 918:926 arg1 nanocomposite 928:940 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 918:940 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 918:940 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite showed effective control of fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) at 50 μg mL-1. 27622344 1 2 theme coated 147:152 arg1 nanocomposite 173:185 chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite 138:185 chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite 138:185 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 5 3 theme polysaccharide 768:781 arg1 production 784:793 EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production 749:793 EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 749:842 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 4 4 theme CS/Ag/ZnO 579:587 arg1 nanocomposite 589:601 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 579:601 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 579:601 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite effectively inhibited the biofilm growth of Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria at 30 μg mL-1. 27622344 0 5 theme cytotoxic 75:83 arg1 effects 85:91 their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects 41:91 their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages 41:113 Chitosan coated Ag/ZnO nanocomposite and their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages. 27622344 1 6 theme Ag/ZnO 154:159 arg1 nanocomposite 173:185 chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite 138:185 chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite 138:185 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 8 7 from changes 1239:1245 arg1 morphology 1254:1263 the morphology 1250:1263 the morphology of macrophages 1250:1278 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite was observed to be non toxic to RAW264.7 murine macrophages and no changes in the morphology of macrophages was observed under phase contrast microscopy. 27622344 1 8 dep spectroscopy 231:242 arg1 UV-Vis 245:250 UV-Vis 245:250 UV-Vis 245:250 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 0 9 theme murine 96:101 arg1 macrophages 103:113 murine macrophages 96:113 murine macrophages 96:113 Chitosan coated Ag/ZnO nanocomposite and their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages. 27622344 9 10 theme toxicity 1480:1487 arg1 risk 1489:1492 any toxicity risk 1476:1492 any toxicity risk 1476:1492 The study concludes that CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite is the promising candidate to be used as biomaterial against bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk. 27622344 6 11 theme effective 949:957 arg1 control 959:965 effective control 949:965 effective control of fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) 949:1001 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite showed effective control of fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) at 50 μg mL-1. 27622344 1 12 theme X-ray 254:258 arg1 XRD 273:275 XRD 273:275 XRD 273:275 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 1 12 theme X-ray 254:258 arg1 spectroscopy 231:242 UV-Vis spectroscopy 224:242 UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis) 224:251 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 1 12 theme X-ray 254:258 arg1 diffraction 260:270 X-ray diffraction 254:270 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 254:276 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 5 13 theme extracellular 754:766 arg1 production 784:793 EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production 749:793 EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 749:842 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 1 14 theme Scanning 330:337 arg1 SEM 360:362 SEM 360:362 SEM 360:362 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 1 14 theme Scanning 330:337 arg1 microscopy 348:357 Scanning electron microscopy 330:357 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 330:363 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 8 15 theme murine 1213:1218 arg1 macrophages 1220:1230 RAW264.7 murine macrophages 1204:1230 RAW264.7 murine macrophages 1204:1230 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite was observed to be non toxic to RAW264.7 murine macrophages and no changes in the morphology of macrophages was observed under phase contrast microscopy. 27622344 8 16 theme contrast 1305:1312 arg1 microscopy 1314:1323 phase contrast microscopy 1299:1323 phase contrast microscopy 1299:1323 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite was observed to be non toxic to RAW264.7 murine macrophages and no changes in the morphology of macrophages was observed under phase contrast microscopy. 27622344 5 17 theme nanocomposite 903:915 arg1 30 μg mL-1 879:888 30 μg mL-1 879:888 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 879:915 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 2 18 theme positive 440:447 arg1 bacteria 482:489 Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria 435:489 Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria 435:489 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 2 18 theme positive 440:447 arg1 B. cereus 471:479 B. cereus 471:479 B. cereus 471:479 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 2 18 theme positive 440:447 arg1 B. licheniformis 450:465 B. licheniformis 450:465 B. licheniformis 450:465 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 1 19 theme electron 339:346 arg1 SEM 360:362 SEM 360:362 SEM 360:362 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 1 19 theme electron 339:346 arg1 microscopy 348:357 Scanning electron microscopy 330:357 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 330:363 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 7 20 theme scanning 1120:1127 arg1 CLSM 1141:1144 CLSM 1141:1144 CLSM 1141:1144 The inhibition of bacterial and fungal biofilms was clearly visualized under light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 27622344 7 20 theme scanning 1120:1127 arg1 microscopy 1129:1138 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1105:1138 confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 1105:1145 The inhibition of bacterial and fungal biofilms was clearly visualized under light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 27622344 1 21 theme CS/Ag/ZnO 162:170 arg1 nanocomposite 173:185 chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite 138:185 chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite 138:185 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 5 22 theme negative 826:833 arg1 bacteria 835:842 both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 798:842 both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 798:842 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 1 23 dep Fourier 279:285 arg1 transform 287:295 transform 287:295 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 287:363 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 9 24 theme CS/Ag/ZnO 1351:1359 arg1 nanocomposite 1361:1373 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 1351:1373 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 1351:1373 The study concludes that CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite is the promising candidate to be used as biomaterial against bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk. 27622344 9 24 theme CS/Ag/ZnO 1351:1359 arg1 candidate 1392:1400 the promising candidate 1378:1400 the promising candidate to be used as biomaterial against bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk 1378:1492 The study concludes that CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite is the promising candidate to be used as biomaterial against bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk. 27622344 4 25 theme negative 687:694 arg1 bacteria 696:703 Gram negative bacteria 682:703 Gram negative bacteria 682:703 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite effectively inhibited the biofilm growth of Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria at 30 μg mL-1. 27622344 5 26 theme bacteria 835:842 arg1 production 784:793 EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production 749:793 EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 749:842 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 5 26 theme bacteria 835:842 arg1 index 739:743 The hydrophobicity index 720:743 The hydrophobicity index 720:743 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 9 27 theme promising 1382:1390 arg1 nanocomposite 1361:1373 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 1351:1373 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 1351:1373 The study concludes that CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite is the promising candidate to be used as biomaterial against bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk. 27622344 9 27 theme promising 1382:1390 arg1 candidate 1392:1400 the promising candidate 1378:1400 the promising candidate to be used as biomaterial against bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk 1378:1492 The study concludes that CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite is the promising candidate to be used as biomaterial against bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk. 27622344 6 28 theme biofilm 989:995 arg1 control 959:965 effective control 949:965 effective control of fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) 949:1001 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite showed effective control of fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) at 50 μg mL-1. 27622344 7 29 theme laser 1114:1118 arg1 CLSM 1141:1144 CLSM 1141:1144 CLSM 1141:1144 The inhibition of bacterial and fungal biofilms was clearly visualized under light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 27622344 7 29 theme laser 1114:1118 arg1 microscopy 1129:1138 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1105:1138 confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 1105:1145 The inhibition of bacterial and fungal biofilms was clearly visualized under light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 27622344 4 30 theme Gram 682:685 arg1 bacteria 696:703 Gram negative bacteria 682:703 Gram negative bacteria 682:703 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite effectively inhibited the biofilm growth of Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria at 30 μg mL-1. 27622344 8 31 theme RAW264.7 1204:1211 arg1 macrophages 1220:1230 RAW264.7 murine macrophages 1204:1230 RAW264.7 murine macrophages 1204:1230 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite was observed to be non toxic to RAW264.7 murine macrophages and no changes in the morphology of macrophages was observed under phase contrast microscopy. 27622344 2 32 dep compared 504:511 arg1 V. parahaemolyticus 531:549 V. parahaemolyticus 531:549 V. parahaemolyticus 531:549 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 4 33 theme Gram 647:650 arg1 bacteria 661:668 Gram positive bacteria 647:668 Gram positive bacteria 647:668 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite effectively inhibited the biofilm growth of Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria at 30 μg mL-1. 27622344 2 34 theme antibacterial 404:416 arg1 activity 418:425 antibacterial activity 404:425 antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria 404:489 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 5 35 theme hydrophobicity 724:737 arg1 index 739:743 The hydrophobicity index 720:743 The hydrophobicity index 720:743 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 0 36 from effects 85:91 arg1 macrophages 103:113 murine macrophages 96:113 murine macrophages 96:113 Chitosan coated Ag/ZnO nanocomposite and their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages. 27622344 3 37 theme P. vulgaris 556:566 arg1 bacteria 569:576 and P. vulgaris) bacteria 552:576 bacteria 569:576 and P. vulgaris) bacteria. 27622344 8 38 theme phase 1299:1303 arg1 microscopy 1314:1323 phase contrast microscopy 1299:1323 phase contrast microscopy 1299:1323 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite was observed to be non toxic to RAW264.7 murine macrophages and no changes in the morphology of macrophages was observed under phase contrast microscopy. 27622344 5 39 with treatment 864:872 arg1 30 μg mL-1 879:888 30 μg mL-1 879:888 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 879:915 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 4 40 theme bacteria 661:668 arg1 growth 637:642 the biofilm growth 625:642 the biofilm growth of Gram positive bacteria 625:668 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite effectively inhibited the biofilm growth of Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria at 30 μg mL-1. 27622344 2 41 theme CS/Ag/ZnO 370:378 arg1 nanocomposite 380:392 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 366:392 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 366:392 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 5 42 theme positive 808:815 arg1 bacteria 835:842 both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 798:842 both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 798:842 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 2 43 theme negative 521:528 arg1 Gram 516:519 Gram negative 516:528 Gram negative 516:528 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 9 44 theme fungal 1450:1455 arg1 infections 1457:1466 bacterial and fungal infections 1436:1466 bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk 1436:1492 The study concludes that CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite is the promising candidate to be used as biomaterial against bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk. 27622344 7 45 theme biofilms 1057:1064 arg1 inhibition 1022:1031 The inhibition 1018:1031 The inhibition of bacterial and fungal biofilms 1018:1064 The inhibition of bacterial and fungal biofilms was clearly visualized under light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 27622344 4 46 theme positive 652:659 arg1 bacteria 661:668 Gram positive bacteria 647:668 Gram positive bacteria 647:668 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite effectively inhibited the biofilm growth of Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria at 30 μg mL-1. 27622344 5 47 theme EPS 749:751 arg1 production 784:793 EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production 749:793 EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 749:842 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 8 48 theme CS/Ag/ZnO 1148:1156 arg1 nanocomposite 1158:1170 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 1148:1170 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 1148:1170 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite was observed to be non toxic to RAW264.7 murine macrophages and no changes in the morphology of macrophages was observed under phase contrast microscopy. 27622344 2 49 dep exhibited 394:402 arg1 compared 504:511 compared 504:511 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus 504:549 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 7 50 theme confocal 1105:1112 arg1 CLSM 1141:1144 CLSM 1141:1144 CLSM 1141:1144 The inhibition of bacterial and fungal biofilms was clearly visualized under light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 27622344 7 50 theme confocal 1105:1112 arg1 microscopy 1129:1138 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1105:1138 confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 1105:1145 The inhibition of bacterial and fungal biofilms was clearly visualized under light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 27622344 0 51 theme antibiofilm 47:57 arg1 effects 85:91 their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects 41:91 their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages 41:113 Chitosan coated Ag/ZnO nanocomposite and their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages. 27622344 6 52 theme C. albicans 977:987 arg1 biofilm 989:995 fungal C. albicans biofilm 970:995 fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) 970:1001 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite showed effective control of fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) at 50 μg mL-1. 27622344 6 52 theme C. albicans 977:987 arg1 % 1000:1000 92% 998:1000 92% 998:1000 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite showed effective control of fungal C. albicans biofilm (92%) at 50 μg mL-1. 27622344 1 53 theme infrared 297:304 arg1 FTIR 320:323 FTIR 320:323 FTIR 320:323 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 1 53 theme infrared 297:304 arg1 spectroscopy 306:317 infrared spectroscopy 297:317 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 297:324 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 7 54 theme fungal 1050:1055 arg1 biofilms 1057:1064 bacterial and fungal biofilms 1036:1064 bacterial and fungal biofilms 1036:1064 The inhibition of bacterial and fungal biofilms was clearly visualized under light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 27622344 1 55 theme present 123:129 arg1 study 131:135 the present study 119:135 the present study 119:135 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 9 56 theme bacterial 1436:1444 arg1 infections 1457:1466 bacterial and fungal infections 1436:1466 bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk 1436:1492 The study concludes that CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite is the promising candidate to be used as biomaterial against bacterial and fungal infections without any toxicity risk. 27622344 2 57 dep bacteria 482:489 arg1 bacteria 482:489 Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria 435:489 Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria 435:489 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 2 57 dep bacteria 482:489 arg1 B. cereus 471:479 B. cereus 471:479 B. cereus 471:479 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 2 57 dep bacteria 482:489 arg1 B. licheniformis 450:465 B. licheniformis 450:465 B. licheniformis 450:465 The CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive (B. licheniformis and B. cereus) bacteria at 8 μg mL-1 compared to Gram negative (V. parahaemolyticus. 27622344 8 58 theme macrophages 1268:1278 arg1 morphology 1254:1263 the morphology 1250:1263 the morphology of macrophages 1250:1278 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite was observed to be non toxic to RAW264.7 murine macrophages and no changes in the morphology of macrophages was observed under phase contrast microscopy. 27622344 1 59 theme UV-Vis 224:229 arg1 spectroscopy 231:242 UV-Vis spectroscopy 224:242 UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis) 224:251 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 1 59 theme UV-Vis 224:229 arg1 diffraction 260:270 X-ray diffraction 254:270 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 254:276 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 7 60 theme bacterial 1036:1044 arg1 biofilms 1057:1064 bacterial and fungal biofilms 1036:1064 bacterial and fungal biofilms 1036:1064 The inhibition of bacterial and fungal biofilms was clearly visualized under light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). 27622344 5 61 theme CS/Ag/ZnO 893:901 arg1 nanocomposite 903:915 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 893:915 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 893:915 The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was decreased after treatment with 30 μg mL-1 of CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. 27622344 1 62 theme spectroscopy 231:242 arg1 Fourier 279:285 UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier 224:285 UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 224:363 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 0 63 theme antifungal 60:69 arg1 effects 85:91 their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects 41:91 their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages 41:113 Chitosan coated Ag/ZnO nanocomposite and their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages. 27622344 0 64 from nanocomposite 23:35 arg1 macrophages 103:113 murine macrophages 96:113 murine macrophages 96:113 Chitosan coated Ag/ZnO nanocomposite and their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages. 27622344 0 65 theme Ag/ZnO 16:21 arg1 nanocomposite 23:35 Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 16:35 Ag/ZnO nanocomposite 16:35 Chitosan coated Ag/ZnO nanocomposite and their antibiofilm, antifungal and cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages. 27622344 1 66 theme chitosan 138:145 arg1 nanocomposite 173:185 chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite 138:185 chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite 138:185 In the present study, chitosan coated Ag/ZnO (CS/Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 27622344 4 67 theme biofilm 629:635 arg1 growth 637:642 the biofilm growth 625:642 the biofilm growth of Gram positive bacteria 625:668 CS/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite effectively inhibited the biofilm growth of Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria at 30 μg mL-1. 28820091 12 0 theme novel 1639:1643 arg1 species 1645:1651 novel species 1639:1651 the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp 1635:1724 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 4 1 theme compared 581:588 arg1 sequences 590:598 the compared sequences 577:598 the compared sequences 577:598 Completeness of the compared sequences was 97.3 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820091 6 2 theme all 799:801 arg1 members 803:809 almost all members 792:809 almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae 792:842 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 2 3 theme guinea-pig 337:346 arg1 cavity 315:320 the oral cavity 306:320 the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig 306:346 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 7 4 theme other 859:863 arg1 markers 875:881 other molecular markers 859:881 other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) 859:902 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 12 5 theme physiological 1583:1595 arg1 analyses 1616:1623 biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses 1570:1623 biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses 1570:1623 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 7 6 dep gyrB 890:893 arg1 fusA 884:887 fusA 884:887 fusA 884:887 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 2 7 theme phosphoketolase 272:286 arg1 activity 239:246 activity 239:246 activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase 239:286 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 12 8 theme chemotaxonomic 1601:1614 arg1 analyses 1616:1623 biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses 1570:1623 biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses 1570:1623 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 11 9 theme other 1458:1462 arg1 alloscardovia 1464:1476 other alloscardovia 1458:1476 other alloscardovia 1458:1476 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 9 10 theme C8  1147:1149 arg1 proportions 1132:1142 much higher proportions 1120:1142 much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids 1120:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 2 11 theme fructose 251:258 arg1 6-phosphate 260:270 fructose 6-phosphate 251:270 fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase 251:286 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 14 12 theme type 1749:1752 arg1 MOZIV/2T 1764:1771 MOZIV/2T 1764:1771 MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T) 1764:1807 The type strain is MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T). 28820091 14 12 theme type 1749:1752 arg1 strain 1754:1759 The type strain 1745:1759 The type strain 1745:1759 The type strain is MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T). 28820091 3 13 with 17774T 496:501 arg1 similarities 533:544 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities 508:544 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities 508:544 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 12 14 theme biochemical 1570:1580 arg1 analyses 1616:1623 biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses 1570:1623 biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses 1570:1623 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 1 15 attach isolated 89:96 arg1 cavity 112:117 the oral cavity 103:117 the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 103:161 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 1 15 attach isolated 89:96 arg2 species 81:87 a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species 33:87 a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 33:161 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 9 16 theme C11  1155:1158 arg1 proportions 1132:1142 much higher proportions 1120:1142 much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids 1120:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 3 17 theme 96.0 508:511 arg1 % 522:522 % 522:522 % 522:522 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 1 18 dep species 81:87 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 9 19 theme C12  1164:1167 arg1 proportions 1132:1142 much higher proportions 1120:1142 much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids 1120:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 2 20 theme bacterial 203:211 arg1 MOZIV/2T 221:228 MOZIV/2T 221:228 MOZIV/2T 221:228 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 2 20 theme bacterial 203:211 arg1 strain 213:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain 164:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain 164:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 12 21 theme characteristics 1529:1543 arg1 evaluation 1504:1513 evaluation 1504:1513 evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses 1504:1623 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 12 21 theme characteristics 1529:1543 arg1 studies 1492:1498 Phylogenetic studies 1479:1498 Phylogenetic studies 1479:1498 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 7 22 theme DSM 961:963 arg1 21503T 965:970 A. omnicolens DSM 21503T 947:970 A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 % 947:998 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 9 23 theme C14  1173:1176 arg1 proportions 1132:1142 much higher proportions 1120:1142 much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids 1120:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 7 24 theme A. 947:948 arg1 21503T 965:970 A. omnicolens DSM 21503T 947:970 A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 % 947:998 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 1 25 theme aperea 142:147 arg1 guinea-pig 124:133 a guinea-pig 122:133 a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 122:161 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 1 25 theme aperea 142:147 arg1 porcellus 152:160 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 136:160 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 136:160 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 10 26 with consistent 1329:1338 arg1 classification 1349:1362 its classification 1345:1362 its classification within the genus Alloscardovia 1345:1393 The peptidoglycan structure was of type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia. 28820091 10 27 theme A4α 1294:1296 arg1 -d-Asp 1311:1316 type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia 1289:1393 -d-Asp 1311:1316 The peptidoglycan structure was of type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia. 28820091 9 28 located found 1219:1223 arg1 cells 1228:1232 cells 1228:1232 cells of strain MOZIV/2T 1228:1251 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 9 28 located found 1219:1223 arg1 addition 1110:1117 addition 1110:1117 addition 1110:1117 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 9 28 located found 1219:1223 arg2 proportions 1132:1142 much higher proportions 1120:1142 much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids 1120:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 11 29 located found 1449:1453 arg1 alloscardovia 1464:1476 other alloscardovia 1458:1476 other alloscardovia 1458:1476 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 11 29 located found 1449:1453 arg2 those 1443:1447 those 1443:1447 those 1443:1447 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 12 30 theme name 1695:1698 arg1 sp 1723:1724 the name Alloscardovia venturai sp 1691:1724 the name Alloscardovia venturai sp 1691:1724 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 9 31 theme  1 1178:1179 arg1 proportions 1132:1142 much higher proportions 1120:1142 much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids 1120:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 9 32 dep C8  1147:1149 arg1 acids 1208:1212 fatty acids 1202:1212 fatty acids 1202:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 9 33 theme C16  1182:1185 arg1 proportions 1132:1142 much higher proportions 1120:1142 much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids 1120:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 7 34 theme gene 917:920 arg1 similarities 931:942 low gene sequence similarities 913:942 low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 % 913:998 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 1 35 theme phosphoketolase-positive 56:79 arg1 species 81:87 a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species 33:87 a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 33:161 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 12 36 theme Phylogenetic 1479:1490 arg1 studies 1492:1498 Phylogenetic studies 1479:1498 Phylogenetic studies 1479:1498 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 3 37 theme rRNA 374:377 arg1 analyses 393:400 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 358:400 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 358:400 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 3 38 theme closest 407:413 arg1 relatives 415:423 its closest relatives 403:423 its closest relatives 403:423 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 0 39 theme Alloscardovia 0:12 arg1 sp 23:24 Alloscardovia venturai sp 0:24 Alloscardovia venturai sp. 0:25 Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 9 40 theme C17  1194:1197 arg1 proportions 1132:1142 much higher proportions 1120:1142 much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids 1120:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 3 41 theme comparative 358:368 arg1 analyses 393:400 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 358:400 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 358:400 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 3 42 theme % 522:522 arg1 similarities 533:544 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities 508:544 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities 508:544 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 12 43 theme venturai 1714:1721 arg1 sp 1723:1724 the name Alloscardovia venturai sp 1691:1724 the name Alloscardovia venturai sp 1691:1724 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 3 44 theme sequence 384:391 arg1 analyses 393:400 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 358:400 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 358:400 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 11 45 theme 45.8 mol 1417:1424 arg1 content 1408:1414 The DNA G+C content 1396:1414 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) 1396:1426 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 11 45 theme 45.8 mol 1417:1424 arg1 % 1425:1425 45.8 mol% 1417:1425 45.8 mol% 1417:1425 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 3 46 theme DSM 492:494 arg1 17774T 496:501 Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T 470:501 Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T 470:501 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 6 47 theme family 818:823 arg1 Bifidobacteriaceae 825:842 the family Bifidobacteriaceae 814:842 the family Bifidobacteriaceae 814:842 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 3 48 dep Alloscardovia 430:442 arg1 omnicolens 444:453 omnicolens 444:453 omnicolens 444:453 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 3 49 theme Alloscardovia 470:482 arg1 17774T 496:501 Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T 470:501 Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T 470:501 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 3 50 theme pairwise 524:531 arg1 similarities 533:544 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities 508:544 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities 508:544 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 2 51 dep irregular 175:183 arg1 short 186:190 short 186:190 short 186:190 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 10 52 theme genus 1375:1379 arg1 Alloscardovia 1381:1393 the genus Alloscardovia 1371:1393 the genus Alloscardovia 1371:1393 The peptidoglycan structure was of type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia. 28820091 2 53 theme irregular 175:183 arg1 MOZIV/2T 221:228 MOZIV/2T 221:228 MOZIV/2T 221:228 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 2 53 theme irregular 175:183 arg1 strain 213:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain 164:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain 164:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 9 54 theme strain 1237:1242 arg1 MOZIV/2T 1244:1251 strain MOZIV/2T 1237:1251 strain MOZIV/2T 1237:1251 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 1 55 theme fructose 35:42 arg1 6-phosphate 44:54 fructose 6-phosphate 35:54 a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 33:161 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 12 56 theme species 1645:1651 arg1 status 1653:1658 the novel species status 1635:1658 the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp 1635:1724 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 7 57 dep 87.5  993:997 arg1 to 990:991 to 990:991 to 990:991 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 11 58 theme DNA 1400:1402 arg1 content 1408:1414 The DNA G+C content 1396:1414 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) 1396:1426 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 11 58 theme DNA 1400:1402 arg1 % 1425:1425 45.8 mol% 1417:1425 45.8 mol% 1417:1425 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 11 58 theme DNA 1400:1402 arg1 lower 1432:1436 lower 1432:1436 lower 1432:1436 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 9 59 theme higher 1125:1130 arg1 proportions 1132:1142 much higher proportions 1120:1142 much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids 1120:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 7 60 theme molecular 865:873 arg1 markers 875:881 other molecular markers 859:881 other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) 859:902 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 12 61 theme analyses 1616:1623 arg1 results 1559:1565 the results 1555:1565 the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses 1555:1623 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 4 62 theme sequences 590:598 arg1 Completeness 561:572 Completeness 561:572 Completeness of the compared sequences 561:598 Completeness of the compared sequences was 97.3 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820091 2 63 theme home-bred 327:335 arg1 guinea-pig 337:346 a home-bred guinea-pig 325:346 a home-bred guinea-pig 325:346 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 2 64 theme 6-phosphate 260:270 arg1 phosphoketolase 272:286 fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase 251:286 fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase 251:286 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 10 65 theme peptidoglycan 1258:1270 arg1 structure 1272:1280 The peptidoglycan structure 1254:1280 The peptidoglycan structure 1254:1280 The peptidoglycan structure was of type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia. 28820091 2 66 theme oral 310:313 arg1 cavity 315:320 the oral cavity 306:320 the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig 306:346 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 14 67 theme 100237T=CCM 1779:1789 arg1 28781T 1801:1806 =DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T 1774:1806 =DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T 1774:1806 The type strain is MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T). 28820091 14 67 theme 100237T=CCM 1779:1789 arg1 MOZIV/2T 1764:1771 MOZIV/2T 1764:1771 MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T) 1764:1807 The type strain is MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T). 28820091 2 68 attach isolated 292:299 arg1 cavity 315:320 the oral cavity 306:320 the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig 306:346 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 2 68 attach isolated 292:299 arg2 MOZIV/2T 221:228 MOZIV/2T 221:228 MOZIV/2T 221:228 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 2 68 attach isolated 292:299 arg2 strain 213:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain 164:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain 164:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 3 69 with 21503T 459:464 arg1 similarities 533:544 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities 508:544 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities 508:544 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 5 70 theme anaerobic 663:671 arg1 conditions 673:682 anaerobic conditions 663:682 anaerobic conditions 663:682 Growth was found only under anaerobic conditions. 28820091 1 71 theme guinea-pig 124:133 arg1 cavity 112:117 the oral cavity 103:117 the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 103:161 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 12 72 theme phenotypic 1518:1527 arg1 characteristics 1529:1543 phenotypic characteristics 1518:1543 phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses 1518:1623 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 12 72 theme phenotypic 1518:1527 arg1 results 1559:1565 the results 1555:1565 the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses 1555:1623 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 3 73 dep Alloscardovia 470:482 arg1 criceti 484:490 criceti 484:490 criceti 484:490 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 1 74 theme Cavia 136:140 arg1 guinea-pig 124:133 a guinea-pig 122:133 a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 122:161 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 1 74 theme Cavia 136:140 arg1 porcellus 152:160 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 136:160 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 136:160 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 1 75 theme f. 149:150 arg1 guinea-pig 124:133 a guinea-pig 122:133 a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 122:161 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 1 75 theme f. 149:150 arg1 porcellus 152:160 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 136:160 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 136:160 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 10 76 theme type 1289:1292 arg1 -d-Asp 1311:1316 type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia 1289:1393 -d-Asp 1311:1316 The peptidoglycan structure was of type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia. 28820091 8 77 theme Strain 1001:1006 arg1 MOZIV/2T 1008:1015 Strain MOZIV/2T 1001:1015 Strain MOZIV/2T 1001:1015 Strain MOZIV/2T differed from other species within the genus Alloscardovia by the presence of C18 : 1ω9t. 28820091 1 78 theme 6-phosphate 44:54 arg1 species 81:87 a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species 33:87 a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 33:161 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 6 79 theme β-gluco 706:712 arg1 sidases 722:728 α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases 699:728 α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases 699:728 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 6 79 theme β-gluco 706:712 arg1 galacto 714:720 galacto 714:720 galacto 714:720 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 7 80 theme sequence 922:929 arg1 similarities 931:942 low gene sequence similarities 913:942 low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 % 913:998 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 10 81 theme l-Orn 1305:1309 arg1 -d-Asp 1311:1316 type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia 1289:1393 -d-Asp 1311:1316 The peptidoglycan structure was of type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia. 28820091 6 82 theme α- 699:700 arg1 sidases 722:728 α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases 699:728 α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases 699:728 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 6 82 theme α- 699:700 arg1 galacto 714:720 galacto 714:720 galacto 714:720 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 3 83 theme Alloscardovia 430:442 arg1 21503T 459:464 Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T 430:464 Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T 430:464 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 0 84 theme venturai 14:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Alloscardovia venturai sp 0:24 Alloscardovia venturai sp. 0:25 Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 8 85 theme other 1031:1035 arg1 species 1037:1043 other species 1031:1043 other species within the genus Alloscardovia 1031:1074 Strain MOZIV/2T differed from other species within the genus Alloscardovia by the presence of C18 : 1ω9t. 28820091 7 86 theme low 913:915 arg1 similarities 931:942 low gene sequence similarities 913:942 low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 % 913:998 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 3 87 theme gene 379:382 arg1 analyses 393:400 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 358:400 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 358:400 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 10 88 theme [l-Lys 1298:1303 arg1 -d-Asp 1311:1316 type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia 1289:1393 -d-Asp 1311:1316 The peptidoglycan structure was of type A4α [l-Lys(l-Orn)-d-Asp], which is consistent with its classification within the genus Alloscardovia. 28820091 7 89 dep A. 947:948 arg1 omnicolens 950:959 omnicolens 950:959 omnicolens 950:959 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 12 90 theme Alloscardovia 1700:1712 arg1 sp 1723:1724 the name Alloscardovia venturai sp 1691:1724 the name Alloscardovia venturai sp 1691:1724 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 1 91 theme oral 107:110 arg1 cavity 112:117 the oral cavity 103:117 the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 103:161 nov., a fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive species isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea-pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820091 3 92 theme 16S 370:372 arg1 analyses 393:400 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 358:400 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 358:400 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 9 93 theme fatty 1202:1206 arg1 acids 1208:1212 fatty acids 1202:1212 fatty acids 1202:1212 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 28820091 8 94 theme genus 1056:1060 arg1 Alloscardovia 1062:1074 the genus Alloscardovia 1052:1074 the genus Alloscardovia 1052:1074 Strain MOZIV/2T differed from other species within the genus Alloscardovia by the presence of C18 : 1ω9t. 28820091 6 95 theme strain 747:752 arg1 MOZIV/2T 754:761 strain MOZIV/2T 747:761 strain MOZIV/2T 747:761 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 3 96 theme DSM 455:457 arg1 21503T 459:464 Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T 430:464 Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T 430:464 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 6 97 theme Bifidobacteriaceae 825:842 arg1 members 803:809 almost all members 792:809 almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae 792:842 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 14 98 theme 8604T=LMG 1791:1799 arg1 28781T 1801:1806 =DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T 1774:1806 =DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T 1774:1806 The type strain is MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T). 28820091 14 98 theme 8604T=LMG 1791:1799 arg1 MOZIV/2T 1764:1771 MOZIV/2T 1764:1771 MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T) 1764:1807 The type strain is MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T). 28820091 6 99 located detected 735:742 arg1 MOZIV/2T 754:761 strain MOZIV/2T 747:761 strain MOZIV/2T 747:761 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 6 99 located detected 735:742 arg2 Activities 685:694 Activities 685:694 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases 685:728 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 2 100 theme rod-shaped 192:201 arg1 MOZIV/2T 221:228 MOZIV/2T 221:228 MOZIV/2T 221:228 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 2 100 theme rod-shaped 192:201 arg1 strain 213:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain 164:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain 164:218 A slightly irregular, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, MOZIV/2T, showing activity of fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase was isolated from the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea-pig. 28820091 11 101 theme G+C 1404:1406 arg1 content 1408:1414 The DNA G+C content 1396:1414 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) 1396:1426 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 11 101 theme G+C 1404:1406 arg1 % 1425:1425 45.8 mol% 1417:1425 45.8 mol% 1417:1425 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 11 101 theme G+C 1404:1406 arg1 lower 1432:1436 lower 1432:1436 lower 1432:1436 The DNA G+C content (45.8 mol%) was lower than those found in other alloscardovia. 28820091 14 102 theme =DSM 1774:1777 arg1 28781T 1801:1806 =DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T 1774:1806 =DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T 1774:1806 The type strain is MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T). 28820091 14 102 theme =DSM 1774:1777 arg1 MOZIV/2T 1764:1771 MOZIV/2T 1764:1771 MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T) 1764:1807 The type strain is MOZIV/2T (=DSM 100237T=CCM 8604T=LMG 28781T). 28820091 12 103 theme strain 1664:1669 arg1 MOZIV/2T 1671:1678 strain MOZIV/2T 1664:1678 strain MOZIV/2T 1664:1678 Phylogenetic studies and evaluation of phenotypic characteristics including the results of biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the novel species status for strain MOZIV/2T, for which the name Alloscardovia venturai sp. 28820091 6 104 theme sidases 722:728 arg1 Activities 685:694 Activities 685:694 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases 685:728 Activities of α- and β-gluco(galacto)sidases were detected in strain MOZIV/2T, which is characteristic for almost all members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. 28820091 8 105 theme C18  1095:1098 arg1 presence 1083:1090 the presence 1079:1090 the presence of C18 : 1ω9t 1079:1104 Strain MOZIV/2T differed from other species within the genus Alloscardovia by the presence of C18 : 1ω9t. 28820091 3 106 theme 95.6  517:521 arg1 similarities 533:544 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities 508:544 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities 508:544 Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, its closest relatives were Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503T and Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774T with 96.0 and 95.6 % pairwise similarities, respectively. 28820091 7 107 theme markers 875:881 arg1 Sequencing 845:854 Sequencing 845:854 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) 845:902 Sequencing of other molecular markers (fusA, gyrB and xfp) revealed low gene sequence similarities to A. omnicolens DSM 21503T ranging from 72.7 to 87.5 %. 28820091 9 108 theme MOZIV/2T 1244:1251 arg1 cells 1228:1232 cells 1228:1232 cells of strain MOZIV/2T 1228:1251 In addition, much higher proportions of C8 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 1 and C17 : 0 fatty acids were found in cells of strain MOZIV/2T. 24760799 2 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 98:116 arg1 bacterium 144:152 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium 96:152 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium 96:152 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 13 1 theme  = DSM 1391:1396 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 13 1 theme  = DSM 1391:1396 arg1 109596 1414:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596 1375:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T) 1375:1422 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 2 2 from Republic 250:257 arg1 sample 204:209 a soil sample 197:209 a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea 197:266 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 4 3 theme KIS22-12 379:386 arg1 Growth 362:367 Growth 362:367 Growth of strain KIS22-12(T) 362:389 Growth of strain KIS22-12(T) was observed between 10 and 35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), between pH 5.0 and 9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. 24760799 13 4 theme T 1404:1404 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 13 4 theme T 1404:1404 arg1 109596 1414:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596 1375:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T) 1375:1422 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 11 5 theme chemotaxonomic 1168:1181 arg1 properties 1197:1206 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1156:1206 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1156:1206 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 4 6 theme strain 372:377 arg1 KIS22-12 379:386 strain KIS22-12 372:386 strain KIS22-12(T) 372:389 Growth of strain KIS22-12(T) was observed between 10 and 35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), between pH 5.0 and 9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. 24760799 4 6 theme strain 372:377 arg1 T 388:388 T 388:388 T 388:388 Growth of strain KIS22-12(T) was observed between 10 and 35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), between pH 5.0 and 9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. 24760799 2 7 attach isolated 183:190 arg2 bacterium 144:152 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium 96:152 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium 96:152 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 2 7 attach isolated 183:190 arg1 sample 204:209 a soil sample 197:209 a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea 197:266 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 3 8 theme oxidase-negative 334:349 arg1 reactions 351:359 catalase-positive and oxidase-negative reactions 312:359 catalase-positive and oxidase-negative reactions 312:359 Cells were non-spore-forming cocci showing catalase-positive and oxidase-negative reactions. 24760799 11 9 dep properties 1197:1206 arg1 basis 1147:1151 basis 1147:1151 basis 1147:1151 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 11 9 dep properties 1197:1206 arg1 the 1143:1145 the 1143:1145 the 1143:1145 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 9 10 theme strain 985:990 arg1 T 1001:1001 T 1001:1001 T 1001:1001 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 9 10 theme strain 985:990 arg1 KIS22-12 992:999 strain KIS22-12 985:999 strain KIS22-12(T) 985:1002 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 10 11 theme gene 1080:1083 arg1 similarity 1094:1103 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1071:1103 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains 1071:1127 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 96.5%. 24760799 10 12 theme 16S 1071:1073 arg1 similarity 1094:1103 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1071:1103 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains 1071:1127 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 96.5%. 24760799 5 13 dep contained 532:540 arg1 1ω8c 593:596 1ω8c 593:596 1ω8c 593:596 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 8 14 theme G+C 872:874 arg1 % 915:915 75.0 mol% 907:915 75.0 mol% 907:915 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.0 mol%. 24760799 8 14 theme G+C 872:874 arg1 content 876:882 The G+C content 868:882 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 868:901 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.0 mol%. 24760799 6 15 contain contained 676:684 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 686:707 diphosphatidylglycerol 686:707 diphosphatidylglycerol 686:707 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 6 15 contain contained 676:684 arg2 aminophospholipid 744:760 aminophospholipid 744:760 aminophospholipid 744:760 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 6 15 contain contained 676:684 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 710:729 phosphatidylinositol 710:729 phosphatidylinositol 710:729 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 6 15 contain contained 676:684 arg2 phospholipids 799:811 two unknown phospholipids 787:811 two unknown phospholipids 787:811 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 6 15 contain contained 676:684 arg2 unknown 821:827 unknown 821:827 unknown 821:827 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 6 15 contain contained 676:684 arg2 aminolipid 775:784 aminolipid 775:784 aminolipid 775:784 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 6 15 contain contained 676:684 arg1 KIS22-12 664:671 Strain KIS22-12 657:671 Strain KIS22-12(T) 657:674 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 6 15 contain contained 676:684 arg1 T 673:673 T 673:673 T 673:673 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 1 16 theme emended 51:57 arg1 description 59:69 emended description 51:69 emended description of the genus Oryzihumus 51:93 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Oryzihumus. 24760799 11 17 theme strain 1209:1214 arg1 T 1225:1225 T 1225:1225 T 1225:1225 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 11 17 theme strain 1209:1214 arg1 KIS22-12 1216:1223 strain KIS22-12 1209:1223 strain KIS22-12(T) 1209:1226 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 3 18 theme catalase-positive 312:328 arg1 reactions 351:359 catalase-positive and oxidase-negative reactions 312:359 catalase-positive and oxidase-negative reactions 312:359 Cells were non-spore-forming cocci showing catalase-positive and oxidase-negative reactions. 24760799 4 19 dep optimum 470:476 arg1 pH 479:480 pH 7.0 479:484 pH 7.0 479:484 Growth of strain KIS22-12(T) was observed between 10 and 35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), between pH 5.0 and 9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. 24760799 11 20 theme genus 1266:1270 arg1 Oryzihumus 1272:1281 the genus Oryzihumus 1262:1281 the genus Oryzihumus 1262:1281 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 13 21 dep KIS22-12 1362:1369 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 13 21 dep KIS22-12 1362:1369 arg1 109596 1414:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596 1375:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T) 1375:1422 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 11 22 theme molecular 1187:1195 arg1 properties 1197:1206 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1156:1206 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1156:1206 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 11 23 theme phenotypic 1156:1165 arg1 properties 1197:1206 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1156:1206 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1156:1206 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 0 24 theme terrae 11:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Oryzihumus terrae sp 0:19 Oryzihumus terrae sp. 0:20 Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 13 25 theme T 1389:1389 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 13 25 theme T 1389:1389 arg1 109596 1414:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596 1375:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T) 1375:1422 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 14 26 theme Oryzihumus 1462:1471 arg1 description 1437:1447 An emended description 1426:1447 An emended description of the genus Oryzihumus 1426:1471 An emended description of the genus Oryzihumus is also provided. 24760799 0 27 theme Oryzihumus 0:9 arg1 sp 18:19 Oryzihumus terrae sp 0:19 Oryzihumus terrae sp. 0:20 Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 6 28 theme unknown 791:797 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 686:707 diphosphatidylglycerol 686:707 diphosphatidylglycerol 686:707 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 6 28 theme unknown 791:797 arg1 phospholipids 799:811 two unknown phospholipids 787:811 two unknown phospholipids 787:811 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 5 29 theme Strain 513:518 arg1 T 529:529 T 529:529 T 529:529 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 5 29 theme Strain 513:518 arg1 KIS22-12 520:527 Strain KIS22-12 513:527 Strain KIS22-12(T) 513:530 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 11 30 theme name 1298:1301 arg1 sp 1321:1322 the name Oryzihumus terrae sp 1294:1322 the name Oryzihumus terrae sp 1294:1322 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 13 31 theme 16543 1383:1387 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 13 31 theme 16543 1383:1387 arg1 109596 1414:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596 1375:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T) 1375:1422 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 9 32 with lineage 1022:1028 arg1 T 1067:1067 T 1067:1067 T 1067:1067 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 9 32 with lineage 1022:1028 arg1 KV-628 1060:1065 Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628 1035:1065 Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T) 1035:1068 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 9 33 theme phyletic 1013:1020 arg1 lineage 1022:1028 a phyletic lineage 1011:1028 a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T) 1011:1068 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 14 34 theme genus 1456:1460 arg1 Oryzihumus 1462:1471 the genus Oryzihumus 1452:1471 the genus Oryzihumus 1452:1471 An emended description of the genus Oryzihumus is also provided. 24760799 8 35 theme genomic 891:897 arg1 DNA 899:901 the genomic DNA 887:901 the genomic DNA 887:901 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.0 mol%. 24760799 11 36 theme Oryzihumus 1303:1312 arg1 sp 1321:1322 the name Oryzihumus terrae sp 1294:1322 the name Oryzihumus terrae sp 1294:1322 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 1 37 theme genus 78:82 arg1 Oryzihumus 84:93 the genus Oryzihumus 74:93 the genus Oryzihumus 74:93 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Oryzihumus. 24760799 2 38 from sample 204:209 arg1 Republic 250:257 Republic 250:257 Republic 250:257 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 5 39 theme major 638:642 arg1 acids 650:654 the major fatty acids 634:654 the major fatty acids 634:654 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 4 40 dep optimum 426:432 arg1 °C 441:442 28-30 °C 435:442 28-30 °C 435:442 Growth of strain KIS22-12(T) was observed between 10 and 35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), between pH 5.0 and 9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. 24760799 13 41 theme type 1347:1350 arg1 KIS22-12 1362:1369 KIS22-12 1362:1369 KIS22-12 1362:1369 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 13 41 theme type 1347:1350 arg1 strain 1352:1357 The type strain 1343:1357 The type strain 1343:1357 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 1 42 theme Oryzihumus 84:93 arg1 soil 42:45 soil 42:45 soil 42:45 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Oryzihumus. 24760799 1 42 theme Oryzihumus 84:93 arg1 description 59:69 emended description 51:69 emended description of the genus Oryzihumus 51:93 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Oryzihumus. 24760799 2 43 from Island 226:231 arg1 Republic 250:257 Republic 250:257 Republic 250:257 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 5 44 theme fatty 644:648 arg1 acids 650:654 the major fatty acids 634:654 the major fatty acids 634:654 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 13 45 theme  = 1375:1376 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 13 45 theme  = 1375:1376 arg1 109596 1414:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596 1375:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T) 1375:1422 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 6 46 dep aminophospholipid 744:760 arg1 lipid 829:833 lipid 829:833 lipid 829:833 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 2 47 theme soil 199:202 arg1 sample 204:209 a soil sample 197:209 a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea 197:266 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 10 48 theme rRNA 1075:1078 arg1 similarity 1094:1103 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1071:1103 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains 1071:1127 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 96.5%. 24760799 13 49 theme  = 1406:1407 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 13 49 theme  = 1406:1407 arg1 109596 1414:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596 1375:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T) 1375:1422 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 5 50 theme predominant 558:568 arg1 menaquinone 570:580 the predominant menaquinone 554:580 the predominant menaquinone 554:580 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 5 50 theme predominant 558:568 arg1 MK-8 542:545 MK-8 542:545 MK-8(H4) 542:549 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 9 51 theme Phylogenetic 918:929 arg1 analysis 931:938 Phylogenetic analysis 918:938 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 918:971 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 5 52 contain contained 532:540 arg2 H4 547:548 H4 547:548 H4 547:548 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 5 52 contain contained 532:540 arg1 T 529:529 T 529:529 T 529:529 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 5 52 contain contained 532:540 arg2 MK-8 542:545 MK-8 542:545 MK-8(H4) 542:549 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 5 52 contain contained 532:540 arg1 KIS22-12 520:527 Strain KIS22-12 513:527 Strain KIS22-12(T) 513:530 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 5 52 contain contained 532:540 arg2 menaquinone 570:580 the predominant menaquinone 554:580 the predominant menaquinone 554:580 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 13 53 theme NBRC 1409:1412 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 13 53 theme NBRC 1409:1412 arg1 109596 1414:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596 1375:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T) 1375:1422 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 14 54 theme emended 1429:1435 arg1 description 1437:1447 An emended description 1426:1447 An emended description of the genus Oryzihumus 1426:1471 An emended description of the genus Oryzihumus is also provided. 24760799 8 55 theme mol 912:914 arg1 content 876:882 The G+C content 868:882 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 868:901 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.0 mol%. 24760799 8 55 theme mol 912:914 arg1 % 915:915 75.0 mol% 907:915 75.0 mol% 907:915 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.0 mol%. 24760799 6 56 theme Strain 657:662 arg1 KIS22-12 664:671 Strain KIS22-12 657:671 Strain KIS22-12(T) 657:674 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 6 56 theme Strain 657:662 arg1 T 673:673 T 673:673 T 673:673 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24760799 7 57 theme peptidoglycan 840:852 arg1 A1γ 863:865 A1γ 863:865 A1γ 863:865 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ. 24760799 7 57 theme peptidoglycan 840:852 arg1 type 854:857 The peptidoglycan type 836:857 The peptidoglycan type 836:857 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ. 24760799 5 58 dep 1ω8c 593:596 arg1 0 629:629 0 629:629 0 629:629 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 5 58 dep 1ω8c 593:596 arg1 anteiso-C15 615:625 anteiso-C15 615:625 anteiso-C15 615:625 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 5 58 dep 1ω8c 593:596 arg1 0 609:609 0 609:609 0 609:609 Strain KIS22-12(T) contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24760799 11 59 dep Oryzihumus 1303:1312 arg1 terrae 1314:1319 terrae 1314:1319 terrae 1314:1319 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 9 60 theme Oryzihumus 1035:1044 arg1 T 1067:1067 T 1067:1067 T 1067:1067 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 9 60 theme Oryzihumus 1035:1044 arg1 KV-628 1060:1065 Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628 1035:1065 Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T) 1035:1068 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 11 61 theme novel 1241:1245 arg1 species 1247:1253 a novel species 1239:1253 a novel species 1239:1253 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain KIS22-12(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oryzihumus, for which the name Oryzihumus terrae sp. 24760799 2 62 dep Gram-stain-positive 98:116 arg1 non-flagellated 128:142 non-flagellated 128:142 non-flagellated 128:142 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 2 62 dep Gram-stain-positive 98:116 arg1 aerobic 119:125 aerobic 119:125 aerobic 119:125 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 2 63 theme Island 226:231 arg1 sample 204:209 a soil sample 197:209 a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea 197:266 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 4 64 theme % 499:499 arg1 NaCl 507:510 0-3% (w/v) NaCl 496:510 0-3% (w/v) NaCl 496:510 Growth of strain KIS22-12(T) was observed between 10 and 35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), between pH 5.0 and 9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. 24760799 4 65 dep % 499:499 arg1 w/v 502:504 w/v 502:504 w/v 502:504 Growth of strain KIS22-12(T) was observed between 10 and 35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), between pH 5.0 and 9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. 24760799 2 66 theme Baengnyeong 214:224 arg1 Island 226:231 Baengnyeong Island 214:231 Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea 214:266 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-flagellated bacterium, designated KIS22-12(T), was isolated from a soil sample of Baengnyeong Island in Onjin county, Republic of Korea. 24760799 9 67 theme 16S 949:951 arg1 sequences 963:971 16S rRNA gene sequences 949:971 16S rRNA gene sequences 949:971 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 10 68 theme sequence 1085:1092 arg1 similarity 1094:1103 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1071:1103 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains 1071:1127 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 96.5%. 24760799 4 69 theme 0-3 496:498 arg1 % 499:499 % 499:499 % 499:499 Growth of strain KIS22-12(T) was observed between 10 and 35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), between pH 5.0 and 9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. 24760799 3 70 theme non-spore-forming 280:296 arg1 cocci 298:302 non-spore-forming cocci 280:302 non-spore-forming cocci showing catalase-positive and oxidase-negative reactions 280:359 Cells were non-spore-forming cocci showing catalase-positive and oxidase-negative reactions. 24760799 9 71 theme rRNA 953:956 arg1 sequences 963:971 16S rRNA gene sequences 949:971 16S rRNA gene sequences 949:971 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 13 72 theme KACC 1378:1381 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 13 72 theme KACC 1378:1381 arg1 109596 1414:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596 1375:1419  = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T) 1375:1422 The type strain is KIS22-12(T) ( = KACC 16543(T) = DSM 27161(T) = NBRC 109596(T)). 24760799 9 73 dep Oryzihumus 1035:1044 arg1 leptocrescens 1046:1058 leptocrescens 1046:1058 leptocrescens 1046:1058 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 9 74 theme gene 958:961 arg1 sequences 963:971 16S rRNA gene sequences 949:971 16S rRNA gene sequences 949:971 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS22-12(T) formed a phyletic lineage with Oryzihumus leptocrescens KV-628(T). 24760799 8 75 theme DNA 899:901 arg1 % 915:915 75.0 mol% 907:915 75.0 mol% 907:915 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.0 mol%. 24760799 8 75 theme DNA 899:901 arg1 content 876:882 The G+C content 868:882 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 868:901 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.0 mol%. 29177905 4 0 theme Significant 561:571 arg1 correlations 573:584 Significant correlations 561:584 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus 561:755 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 1 1 theme microstructural 164:178 arg1 organization 180:191 morphological and microstructural organization 146:191 morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk 146:244 We studied the relationship between diffusion transport and morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk. 29177905 6 2 theme disk 1088:1091 arg1 compartments 1053:1064 various compartments 1045:1064 various compartments of the intervertebral disk 1045:1091 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 0 3 theme Disk 80:83 arg1 Diffusion 20:28 Diffusion 20:28 Diffusion 20:28 Complex Analysis of Diffusion Transport and Microstructure of an Intervertebral Disk. 29177905 0 3 theme Disk 80:83 arg1 Microstructure 44:57 Microstructure 44:57 Microstructure 44:57 Complex Analysis of Diffusion Transport and Microstructure of an Intervertebral Disk. 29177905 4 4 from coefficient 604:614 arg1 nucleus 640:646 the nucleus 636:646 the nucleus 636:646 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 5 5 located detected 886:893 arg2 collagens 862:870 collagens X and XI 862:879 collagens X and XI 862:879 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 5 5 located detected 886:893 arg2 XI 878:879 XI 878:879 XI 878:879 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 5 5 located detected 886:893 arg1 disks 789:793 disks 789:793 disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec 789:859 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 5 5 located detected 886:893 arg2 X 872:872 X 872:872 X 872:872 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 2 6 theme immunohistochemical 401:419 arg1 methods 421:427 histological and immunohistochemical methods 384:427 histological and immunohistochemical methods 384:427 Specimens of the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities were studied ex vivo by diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, histological and immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy. 29177905 6 7 theme intervertebral 1073:1086 arg1 disk 1088:1091 the intervertebral disk 1069:1091 the intervertebral disk 1069:1091 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 5 8 theme nucleus 800:806 arg1 coefficient 827:837 nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient 800:837 nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec 800:859 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 4 9 theme coefficient 604:614 arg1 pulposus 648:655 diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus 594:655 diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus 594:655 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 5 10 dep collagens 919:927 arg1 collagens 919:927 collagens I and II 919:936 collagens I and II 919:936 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 5 10 dep collagens 919:927 arg1 II 935:936 II 935:936 II 935:936 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 5 10 dep collagens 919:927 arg1 I 929:929 I 929:929 I 929:929 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 4 11 theme fibrosus 687:694 arg1 pulposus 648:655 diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus 594:655 diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus 594:655 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 4 11 theme fibrosus 687:694 arg1 aspects 668:674 posterior aspects 658:674 posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus 658:694 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 4 11 theme fibrosus 687:694 arg1 endplate 701:708 endplate 701:708 endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus 701:755 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 5 12 theme pulposus 808:815 arg1 coefficient 827:837 nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient 800:837 nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec 800:859 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 4 13 theme annulus 679:685 arg1 fibrosus 687:694 annulus fibrosus 679:694 annulus fibrosus 679:694 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 5 14 theme diffusion 817:825 arg1 coefficient 827:837 nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient 800:837 nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec 800:859 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 4 15 theme annulus 740:746 arg1 fibrosus 748:755 the posterior annulus fibrosus 726:755 the posterior annulus fibrosus 726:755 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 1 16 theme extracellular 196:208 arg1 matrix 210:215 extracellular matrix 196:215 extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk 196:244 We studied the relationship between diffusion transport and morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk. 29177905 6 17 from concept 966:972 arg1 relationship 981:992 the relationship 977:992 the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport 977:1128 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 3 18 from Distribution 455:466 arg1 compartments 508:519 various compartments 500:519 various compartments of the intervertebral disk 500:546 Distribution of the diffusion coefficient in various compartments of the intervertebral disk was studied. 29177905 5 19 dep collagens 862:870 arg1 collagens 862:870 collagens X and XI 862:879 collagens X and XI 862:879 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 5 19 dep collagens 862:870 arg1 XI 878:879 XI 878:879 XI 878:879 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 5 19 dep collagens 862:870 arg1 X 872:872 X 872:872 X 872:872 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 2 20 theme resonance 365:373 arg1 imaging 375:381 diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging 338:381 diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging 338:381 Specimens of the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities were studied ex vivo by diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, histological and immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy. 29177905 1 21 theme matrix 210:215 arg1 transport 132:140 diffusion transport 122:140 diffusion transport 122:140 We studied the relationship between diffusion transport and morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk. 29177905 1 21 theme matrix 210:215 arg1 organization 180:191 morphological and microstructural organization 146:191 morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk 146:244 We studied the relationship between diffusion transport and morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk. 29177905 0 22 theme Complex 0:6 arg1 Analysis 8:15 Complex Analysis 0:15 Complex Analysis of Diffusion Transport and Microstructure of an Intervertebral Disk. 0:84 Complex Analysis of Diffusion Transport and Microstructure of an Intervertebral Disk. 29177905 6 23 theme compartments 1053:1064 arg1 parameters 1097:1106 parameters 1097:1106 parameters of nutrient transport 1097:1128 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 6 23 theme compartments 1053:1064 arg1 microstructure 1006:1019 microstructure 1006:1019 microstructure 1006:1019 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 6 23 theme compartments 1053:1064 arg1 composition 1030:1040 cell composition 1025:1040 cell composition 1025:1040 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 2 24 theme magnetic 356:363 arg1 imaging 375:381 diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging 338:381 diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging 338:381 Specimens of the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities were studied ex vivo by diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, histological and immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy. 29177905 2 25 theme electron 434:441 arg1 microscopy 443:452 electron microscopy 434:452 electron microscopy 434:452 Specimens of the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities were studied ex vivo by diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, histological and immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy. 29177905 0 26 theme Diffusion 20:28 arg1 Analysis 8:15 Complex Analysis 0:15 Complex Analysis of Diffusion Transport and Microstructure of an Intervertebral Disk. 0:84 Complex Analysis of Diffusion Transport and Microstructure of an Intervertebral Disk. 29177905 6 27 theme various 1045:1051 arg1 compartments 1053:1064 various compartments 1045:1064 various compartments of the intervertebral disk 1045:1091 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 2 28 theme diffusion-weighed 338:354 arg1 imaging 375:381 diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging 338:381 diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging 338:381 Specimens of the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities were studied ex vivo by diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, histological and immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy. 29177905 1 29 theme human 220:224 arg1 disk 241:244 human intervertebral disk 220:244 human intervertebral disk 220:244 We studied the relationship between diffusion transport and morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk. 29177905 4 30 theme posterior 658:666 arg1 aspects 668:674 posterior aspects 658:674 posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus 658:694 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 6 31 dep microstructure 1006:1019 arg1 the 1002:1004 the 1002:1004 the 1002:1004 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 4 32 from level 717:721 arg1 pulposus 648:655 diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus 594:655 diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus 594:655 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 4 32 from level 717:721 arg1 aspects 668:674 posterior aspects 658:674 posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus 658:694 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 4 32 from level 717:721 arg1 endplate 701:708 endplate 701:708 endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus 701:755 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 1 33 theme intervertebral 226:239 arg1 disk 241:244 human intervertebral disk 220:244 human intervertebral disk 220:244 We studied the relationship between diffusion transport and morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk. 29177905 3 34 theme diffusion 475:483 arg1 coefficient 485:495 the diffusion coefficient 471:495 the diffusion coefficient 471:495 Distribution of the diffusion coefficient in various compartments of the intervertebral disk was studied. 29177905 2 35 theme histological 384:395 arg1 methods 421:427 histological and immunohistochemical methods 384:427 histological and immunohistochemical methods 384:427 Specimens of the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities were studied ex vivo by diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, histological and immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy. 29177905 2 36 theme lumbar 264:269 arg1 disks 286:290 the lumbar intervertebral disks 260:290 the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities 260:312 Specimens of the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities were studied ex vivo by diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, histological and immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy. 29177905 3 37 theme various 500:506 arg1 compartments 508:519 various compartments 500:519 various compartments of the intervertebral disk 500:546 Distribution of the diffusion coefficient in various compartments of the intervertebral disk was studied. 29177905 1 38 theme disk 241:244 arg1 matrix 210:215 extracellular matrix 196:215 extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk 196:244 We studied the relationship between diffusion transport and morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk. 29177905 3 39 theme coefficient 485:495 arg1 Distribution 455:466 Distribution 455:466 Distribution of the diffusion coefficient in various compartments of the intervertebral disk 455:546 Distribution of the diffusion coefficient in various compartments of the intervertebral disk was studied. 29177905 4 40 theme density 625:631 arg1 pulposus 648:655 diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus 594:655 diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus 594:655 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 3 41 theme intervertebral 528:541 arg1 disk 543:546 the intervertebral disk 524:546 the intervertebral disk 524:546 Distribution of the diffusion coefficient in various compartments of the intervertebral disk was studied. 29177905 4 42 from density 625:631 arg1 nucleus 640:646 the nucleus 636:646 the nucleus 636:646 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 4 43 theme cell 620:623 arg1 density 625:631 cell density 620:631 cell density in the nucleus 620:646 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 0 44 theme Microstructure 44:57 arg1 Analysis 8:15 Complex Analysis 0:15 Complex Analysis of Diffusion Transport and Microstructure of an Intervertebral Disk. 0:84 Complex Analysis of Diffusion Transport and Microstructure of an Intervertebral Disk. 29177905 1 45 theme diffusion 122:130 arg1 transport 132:140 diffusion transport 122:140 diffusion transport 122:140 We studied the relationship between diffusion transport and morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk. 29177905 6 46 theme cell 1025:1028 arg1 composition 1030:1040 cell composition 1025:1040 cell composition 1025:1040 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 4 47 theme fibrosus 748:755 arg1 level 717:721 the level 713:721 the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus 713:755 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 0 48 dep Diffusion 20:28 arg1 Transport 30:38 Transport 30:38 Transport 30:38 Complex Analysis of Diffusion Transport and Microstructure of an Intervertebral Disk. 29177905 6 49 theme nutrient 1111:1118 arg1 transport 1120:1128 nutrient transport 1111:1128 nutrient transport 1111:1128 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 0 50 theme Intervertebral 65:78 arg1 Disk 80:83 an Intervertebral Disk 62:83 an Intervertebral Disk 62:83 Complex Analysis of Diffusion Transport and Microstructure of an Intervertebral Disk. 29177905 6 51 theme transport 1120:1128 arg1 parameters 1097:1106 parameters 1097:1106 parameters of nutrient transport 1097:1128 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 6 51 theme transport 1120:1128 arg1 microstructure 1006:1019 microstructure 1006:1019 microstructure 1006:1019 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 6 51 theme transport 1120:1128 arg1 composition 1030:1040 cell composition 1025:1040 cell composition 1025:1040 The results supplement the concept on the relationship between the microstructure and cell composition of various compartments of the intervertebral disk and parameters of nutrient transport. 29177905 2 52 theme disks 286:290 arg1 Specimens 247:255 Specimens 247:255 Specimens of the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities 247:312 Specimens of the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities were studied ex vivo by diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, histological and immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy. 29177905 3 53 theme disk 543:546 arg1 compartments 508:519 various compartments 500:519 various compartments of the intervertebral disk 500:546 Distribution of the diffusion coefficient in various compartments of the intervertebral disk was studied. 29177905 1 54 theme morphological 146:158 arg1 organization 180:191 morphological and microstructural organization 146:191 morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk 146:244 We studied the relationship between diffusion transport and morphological and microstructural organization of extracellular matrix of human intervertebral disk. 29177905 4 55 theme posterior 730:738 arg1 fibrosus 748:755 the posterior annulus fibrosus 726:755 the posterior annulus fibrosus 726:755 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 5 56 theme 15×10-4 845:851 arg1 mm2/sec 853:859 15×10-4 mm2/sec 845:859 15×10-4 mm2/sec 845:859 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 29177905 4 57 theme diffusion 594:602 arg1 coefficient 604:614 diffusion coefficient 594:614 diffusion coefficient 594:614 Significant correlations between diffusion coefficient and cell density in the nucleus pulposus, posterior aspects of annulus fibrosus, and endplate at the level of the posterior annulus fibrosus were detected for each disk. 29177905 2 58 theme intervertebral 271:284 arg1 disks 286:290 the lumbar intervertebral disks 260:290 the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities 260:312 Specimens of the lumbar intervertebral disks without abnormalities were studied ex vivo by diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, histological and immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy. 29177905 5 59 with disks 789:793 arg1 coefficient 827:837 nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient 800:837 nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec 800:859 In disks with nucleus pulposus diffusion coefficient below 15×10-4 mm2/sec, collagens X and XI were detected apart from aggrecan and collagens I and II. 24670640 7 0 theme eudicots 1190:1197 arg1 evolution 1172:1180 the evolution 1168:1180 the evolution of core eudicots 1168:1197 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export may have been a key innovation, and could have coincided with the evolution of core eudicots and contributed to the evolution of nectar secretion to reward pollinators. 24670640 5 1 theme sucrose 656:662 arg1 biosynthesis 664:675 sucrose biosynthesis 656:675 sucrose biosynthesis 656:675 We also show that sucrose phosphate synthase genes, encoding key enzymes for sucrose biosynthesis, are highly expressed in nectaries and that their expression is also essential for nectar secretion. 24670640 6 2 theme extracellular 919:931 arg1 space 933:937 the extracellular space 915:937 the extracellular space 915:937 Together these data are consistent with a model in which sucrose is synthesized in the nectary parenchyma and subsequently secreted into the extracellular space via SWEET9, where sucrose is hydrolysed by an apoplasmic invertase to produce a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose. 24670640 5 3 theme phosphate 605:613 arg1 genes 624:628 sucrose phosphate synthase genes 597:628 sucrose phosphate synthase genes 597:628 We also show that sucrose phosphate synthase genes, encoding key enzymes for sucrose biosynthesis, are highly expressed in nectaries and that their expression is also essential for nectar secretion. 24670640 7 4 theme key 1122:1124 arg1 recruitment 1065:1075 The recruitment 1061:1075 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export 1061:1104 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export may have been a key innovation, and could have coincided with the evolution of core eudicots and contributed to the evolution of nectar secretion to reward pollinators. 24670640 7 4 theme key 1122:1124 arg1 innovation 1126:1135 a key innovation 1120:1135 a key innovation 1120:1135 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export may have been a key innovation, and could have coincided with the evolution of core eudicots and contributed to the evolution of nectar secretion to reward pollinators. 24670640 5 5 theme synthase 615:622 arg1 genes 624:628 sucrose phosphate synthase genes 597:628 sucrose phosphate synthase genes 597:628 We also show that sucrose phosphate synthase genes, encoding key enzymes for sucrose biosynthesis, are highly expressed in nectaries and that their expression is also essential for nectar secretion. 24670640 7 6 theme core 1185:1188 arg1 eudicots 1190:1197 core eudicots 1185:1197 core eudicots 1185:1197 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export may have been a key innovation, and could have coincided with the evolution of core eudicots and contributed to the evolution of nectar secretion to reward pollinators. 24670640 5 7 theme nectar 760:765 arg1 secretion 767:775 nectar secretion 760:775 nectar secretion 760:775 We also show that sucrose phosphate synthase genes, encoding key enzymes for sucrose biosynthesis, are highly expressed in nectaries and that their expression is also essential for nectar secretion. 24670640 6 8 theme apoplasmic 985:994 arg1 invertase 996:1004 an apoplasmic invertase 982:1004 an apoplasmic invertase to produce a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose 982:1058 Together these data are consistent with a model in which sucrose is synthesized in the nectary parenchyma and subsequently secreted into the extracellular space via SWEET9, where sucrose is hydrolysed by an apoplasmic invertase to produce a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose. 24670640 2 9 theme nectar 169:174 arg1 function 176:183 nectar function 169:183 nectar function 169:183 Although nectar function and composition have been characterized, the mechanism of nectar secretion has remained unclear. 24670640 7 10 theme sucrose 1091:1097 arg1 export 1099:1104 sucrose export 1091:1104 sucrose export 1091:1104 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export may have been a key innovation, and could have coincided with the evolution of core eudicots and contributed to the evolution of nectar secretion to reward pollinators. 24670640 3 11 theme gynoecial 459:467 arg1 attenuata 448:456 Nicotiana attenuata 438:456 Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 438:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 11 theme gynoecial 459:467 arg1 nectaries 469:477 gynoecial nectaries 459:477 gynoecial nectaries 459:477 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 12 theme Arabidopsis 372:382 arg1 species 363:369 three eudicot species 349:369 three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 349:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 12 theme Arabidopsis 372:382 arg1 thaliana 384:391 Arabidopsis thaliana 372:391 Arabidopsis thaliana 372:391 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 5 13 theme key 640:642 arg1 enzymes 644:650 key enzymes 640:650 key enzymes for sucrose biosynthesis 640:675 We also show that sucrose phosphate synthase genes, encoding key enzymes for sucrose biosynthesis, are highly expressed in nectaries and that their expression is also essential for nectar secretion. 24670640 3 14 theme extrastaminal 409:421 arg1 rapa 403:406 Brassica rapa 394:406 Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) 394:432 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 14 theme extrastaminal 409:421 arg1 nectaries 423:431 extrastaminal nectaries 409:431 extrastaminal nectaries 409:431 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 7 15 theme SWEET9 1080:1085 arg1 recruitment 1065:1075 The recruitment 1061:1075 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export 1061:1104 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export may have been a key innovation, and could have coincided with the evolution of core eudicots and contributed to the evolution of nectar secretion to reward pollinators. 24670640 7 15 theme SWEET9 1080:1085 arg1 innovation 1126:1135 a key innovation 1120:1135 a key innovation 1120:1135 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export may have been a key innovation, and could have coincided with the evolution of core eudicots and contributed to the evolution of nectar secretion to reward pollinators. 24670640 0 16 theme transporter 68:78 arg1 SWEET9 80:85 the sugar transporter SWEET9 58:85 the sugar transporter SWEET9 58:85 Nectar secretion requires sucrose phosphate synthases and the sugar transporter SWEET9. 24670640 0 17 theme Nectar 0:5 arg1 secretion 7:15 Nectar secretion 0:15 Nectar secretion 0:15 Nectar secretion requires sucrose phosphate synthases and the sugar transporter SWEET9. 24670640 0 18 theme sucrose 26:32 arg1 synthases 44:52 sucrose phosphate synthases 26:52 sucrose phosphate synthases 26:52 Nectar secretion requires sucrose phosphate synthases and the sugar transporter SWEET9. 24670640 3 19 theme Brassica 394:401 arg1 species 363:369 three eudicot species 349:369 three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 349:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 19 theme Brassica 394:401 arg1 rapa 403:406 Brassica rapa 394:406 Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) 394:432 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 19 theme Brassica 394:401 arg1 nectaries 423:431 extrastaminal nectaries 409:431 extrastaminal nectaries 409:431 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 4 20 theme efflux 559:564 arg1 transporter 566:576 an efflux transporter 556:576 an efflux transporter 556:576 We show that SWEET9 is essential for nectar production and can function as an efflux transporter. 24670640 4 20 theme efflux 559:564 arg1 SWEET9 494:499 SWEET9 494:499 SWEET9 494:499 We show that SWEET9 is essential for nectar production and can function as an efflux transporter. 24670640 5 21 theme sucrose 597:603 arg1 genes 624:628 sucrose phosphate synthase genes 597:628 sucrose phosphate synthase genes 597:628 We also show that sucrose phosphate synthase genes, encoding key enzymes for sucrose biosynthesis, are highly expressed in nectaries and that their expression is also essential for nectar secretion. 24670640 1 22 theme floral 110:115 arg1 nectaries 117:125 floral nectaries 110:125 floral nectaries that reward pollinating insects 110:157 Angiosperms developed floral nectaries that reward pollinating insects. 24670640 6 23 theme fructose 1051:1058 arg1 mixture 1019:1025 a mixture 1017:1025 a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose 1017:1058 Together these data are consistent with a model in which sucrose is synthesized in the nectary parenchyma and subsequently secreted into the extracellular space via SWEET9, where sucrose is hydrolysed by an apoplasmic invertase to produce a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose. 24670640 6 24 theme nectary 865:871 arg1 parenchyma 873:882 the nectary parenchyma 861:882 the nectary parenchyma 861:882 Together these data are consistent with a model in which sucrose is synthesized in the nectary parenchyma and subsequently secreted into the extracellular space via SWEET9, where sucrose is hydrolysed by an apoplasmic invertase to produce a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose. 24670640 6 25 theme glucose 1039:1045 arg1 mixture 1019:1025 a mixture 1017:1025 a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose 1017:1058 Together these data are consistent with a model in which sucrose is synthesized in the nectary parenchyma and subsequently secreted into the extracellular space via SWEET9, where sucrose is hydrolysed by an apoplasmic invertase to produce a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose. 24670640 0 26 theme phosphate 34:42 arg1 synthases 44:52 sucrose phosphate synthases 26:52 sucrose phosphate synthases 26:52 Nectar secretion requires sucrose phosphate synthases and the sugar transporter SWEET9. 24670640 3 27 theme Nicotiana 438:446 arg1 attenuata 448:456 Nicotiana attenuata 438:456 Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 438:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 27 theme Nicotiana 438:446 arg1 nectaries 469:477 gynoecial nectaries 459:477 gynoecial nectaries 459:477 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 27 theme Nicotiana 438:446 arg1 species 363:369 three eudicot species 349:369 three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 349:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 2 28 theme secretion 250:258 arg1 mechanism 230:238 the mechanism 226:238 the mechanism of nectar secretion 226:258 Although nectar function and composition have been characterized, the mechanism of nectar secretion has remained unclear. 24670640 6 29 with consistent 802:811 arg1 model 820:824 a model 818:824 a model in which sucrose is synthesized in the nectary parenchyma and subsequently secreted into the extracellular space via SWEET9, where sucrose is hydrolysed by an apoplasmic invertase to produce a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose 818:1058 Together these data are consistent with a model in which sucrose is synthesized in the nectary parenchyma and subsequently secreted into the extracellular space via SWEET9, where sucrose is hydrolysed by an apoplasmic invertase to produce a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose. 24670640 3 30 theme sugar 328:332 arg1 SWEET9 299:304 SWEET9 299:304 SWEET9 299:304 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 30 theme sugar 328:332 arg1 transporter 334:344 a nectary-specific sugar transporter 309:344 a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 309:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 2 31 theme nectar 243:248 arg1 secretion 250:258 nectar secretion 243:258 nectar secretion 243:258 Although nectar function and composition have been characterized, the mechanism of nectar secretion has remained unclear. 24670640 7 32 theme reward 1255:1260 arg1 pollinators 1262:1272 reward pollinators 1255:1272 reward pollinators 1255:1272 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export may have been a key innovation, and could have coincided with the evolution of core eudicots and contributed to the evolution of nectar secretion to reward pollinators. 24670640 3 33 dep species 363:369 arg1 attenuata 448:456 Nicotiana attenuata 438:456 Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 438:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 33 dep species 363:369 arg1 nectaries 469:477 gynoecial nectaries 459:477 gynoecial nectaries 459:477 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 33 dep species 363:369 arg1 thaliana 384:391 Arabidopsis thaliana 372:391 Arabidopsis thaliana 372:391 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 33 dep species 363:369 arg1 nectaries 423:431 extrastaminal nectaries 409:431 extrastaminal nectaries 409:431 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 33 dep species 363:369 arg1 species 363:369 three eudicot species 349:369 three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 349:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 33 dep species 363:369 arg1 rapa 403:406 Brassica rapa 394:406 Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) 394:432 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 1 34 theme reward 132:137 arg1 insects 151:157 reward pollinating insects 132:157 reward pollinating insects 132:157 Angiosperms developed floral nectaries that reward pollinating insects. 24670640 1 35 theme pollinating 139:149 arg1 insects 151:157 reward pollinating insects 132:157 reward pollinating insects 132:157 Angiosperms developed floral nectaries that reward pollinating insects. 24670640 6 36 theme sucrose 1030:1036 arg1 mixture 1019:1025 a mixture 1017:1025 a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose 1017:1058 Together these data are consistent with a model in which sucrose is synthesized in the nectary parenchyma and subsequently secreted into the extracellular space via SWEET9, where sucrose is hydrolysed by an apoplasmic invertase to produce a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose. 24670640 3 37 theme nectary-specific 311:326 arg1 SWEET9 299:304 SWEET9 299:304 SWEET9 299:304 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 37 theme nectary-specific 311:326 arg1 transporter 334:344 a nectary-specific sugar transporter 309:344 a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 309:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 7 38 theme secretion 1242:1250 arg1 evolution 1222:1230 the evolution 1218:1230 the evolution of nectar secretion 1218:1250 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export may have been a key innovation, and could have coincided with the evolution of core eudicots and contributed to the evolution of nectar secretion to reward pollinators. 24670640 3 39 theme eudicot 355:361 arg1 attenuata 448:456 Nicotiana attenuata 438:456 Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 438:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 39 theme eudicot 355:361 arg1 species 363:369 three eudicot species 349:369 three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 349:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 39 theme eudicot 355:361 arg1 thaliana 384:391 Arabidopsis thaliana 372:391 Arabidopsis thaliana 372:391 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 39 theme eudicot 355:361 arg1 rapa 403:406 Brassica rapa 394:406 Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) 394:432 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 0 40 theme sugar 62:66 arg1 SWEET9 80:85 the sugar transporter SWEET9 58:85 the sugar transporter SWEET9 58:85 Nectar secretion requires sucrose phosphate synthases and the sugar transporter SWEET9. 24670640 4 41 theme nectar 518:523 arg1 production 525:534 nectar production 518:534 nectar production 518:534 We show that SWEET9 is essential for nectar production and can function as an efflux transporter. 24670640 7 42 theme nectar 1235:1240 arg1 secretion 1242:1250 nectar secretion 1235:1250 nectar secretion 1235:1250 The recruitment of SWEET9 for sucrose export may have been a key innovation, and could have coincided with the evolution of core eudicots and contributed to the evolution of nectar secretion to reward pollinators. 24670640 3 43 from transporter 334:344 arg1 attenuata 448:456 Nicotiana attenuata 438:456 Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 438:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 43 from transporter 334:344 arg1 species 363:369 three eudicot species 349:369 three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries) 349:478 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 43 from transporter 334:344 arg1 thaliana 384:391 Arabidopsis thaliana 372:391 Arabidopsis thaliana 372:391 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 24670640 3 43 from transporter 334:344 arg1 rapa 403:406 Brassica rapa 394:406 Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) 394:432 Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa (extrastaminal nectaries) and Nicotiana attenuata (gynoecial nectaries). 25335985 6 0 theme market 825:830 arg1 product 832:838 market product 825:838 market product 825:838 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 10 1 theme mechanical 1331:1340 arg1 strength 1342:1349 high mechanical strength 1326:1349 high mechanical strength 1326:1349 Thus, the present investigation conclusively demonstrates the potential role in terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 1 2 theme dissolving 141:150 arg1 formulation 165:175 fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation 136:175 fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach 136:207 The main aim present work was to optimize fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach. 25335985 0 3 theme Composite 76:84 arg1 Design 86:91 Central Composite Design 68:91 Central Composite Design 68:91 Design and Optimization of Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet Using Central Composite Design. 25335985 8 4 theme Tmax 937:940 arg1 h 963:963 0.5 h 959:963 0.5 h 959:963 The values of Tmax were found to be 0.5 h and 0.75 h for DFDT and reference product, respectively. 25335985 8 4 theme Tmax 937:940 arg1 values 927:932 The values 923:932 The values of Tmax 923:940 The values of Tmax were found to be 0.5 h and 0.75 h for DFDT and reference product, respectively. 25335985 1 5 theme tablet 152:157 arg1 formulation 165:175 fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation 136:175 fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach 136:207 The main aim present work was to optimize fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach. 25335985 5 6 theme adequate 650:657 arg1 hardness 659:666 adequate hardness 650:666 adequate hardness (4.1 kg/cm(2)) 650:681 The statistical models were successfully used to prepare FDT of Domperidone with fast disintegration (31.08 seconds) and adequate hardness (4.1 kg/cm(2)). 25335985 7 7 theme optimized 861:869 arg1 FDT 871:873 optimized FDT 861:873 optimized FDT 861:873 This concluded that optimized FDT is bioequivalent with the marketed formulation. 25335985 2 8 theme citric 262:267 arg1 X2 275:276 X2 275:276 X2 275:276 The variables studied were sodium bicarbonate (X1), citric acid (X2), and superdisintegrant, Ac-Di-Sol (X3). 25335985 2 8 theme citric 262:267 arg1 acid 269:272 citric acid 262:272 citric acid (X2) 262:277 The variables studied were sodium bicarbonate (X1), citric acid (X2), and superdisintegrant, Ac-Di-Sol (X3). 25335985 9 9 theme aversion 1040:1047 arg1 study 1049:1053 Conditioned place aversion study 1022:1053 Conditioned place aversion study 1022:1053 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 9 10 theme market 1187:1192 arg1 product 1194:1200 market product 1187:1200 market product (p<0.05) 1187:1209 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 9 10 theme market 1187:1192 arg1 p<0.05 1203:1208 p<0.05 1203:1208 p<0.05 1203:1208 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 5 11 theme Domperidone 593:603 arg1 FDT 586:588 FDT 586:588 FDT of Domperidone 586:603 The statistical models were successfully used to prepare FDT of Domperidone with fast disintegration (31.08 seconds) and adequate hardness (4.1 kg/cm(2)). 25335985 5 12 theme statistical 533:543 arg1 models 545:550 The statistical models 529:550 The statistical models 529:550 The statistical models were successfully used to prepare FDT of Domperidone with fast disintegration (31.08 seconds) and adequate hardness (4.1 kg/cm(2)). 25335985 3 13 theme high 425:428 arg1 strength 441:448 high mechanical strength 425:448 high mechanical strength 425:448 The main aspect of present work was to develop FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 3 14 theme fast 401:404 arg1 disintegration 406:419 fast disintegration 401:419 fast disintegration 401:419 The main aspect of present work was to develop FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 10 15 theme high 1326:1329 arg1 strength 1342:1349 high mechanical strength 1326:1349 high mechanical strength 1326:1349 Thus, the present investigation conclusively demonstrates the potential role in terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 0 16 theme Dissolving 44:53 arg1 Tablet 55:60 Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet 27:60 Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet 27:60 Design and Optimization of Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet Using Central Composite Design. 25335985 0 17 theme Fast 39:42 arg1 Tablet 55:60 Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet 27:60 Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet 27:60 Design and Optimization of Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet Using Central Composite Design. 25335985 10 18 theme rapid 1301:1305 arg1 disintegration 1307:1320 rapid disintegration 1301:1320 rapid disintegration 1301:1320 Thus, the present investigation conclusively demonstrates the potential role in terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 1 19 theme FDT 160:162 arg1 formulation 165:175 fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation 136:175 fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach 136:207 The main aim present work was to optimize fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach. 25335985 3 20 theme main 323:326 arg1 aspect 328:333 The main aspect 319:333 The main aspect of present work 319:349 The main aspect of present work was to develop FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 6 21 theme dissolving 796:805 arg1 DFDT 815:818 DFDT 815:818 DFDT 815:818 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 6 21 theme dissolving 796:805 arg1 tablet 807:812 Domperidone fast dissolving tablet 779:812 Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) 779:819 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 6 22 theme Pharmacokinetic 684:698 arg1 studies 700:706 Pharmacokinetic studies 684:706 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats 684:714 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 10 23 theme disintegration 1307:1320 arg1 terms 1292:1296 terms 1292:1296 terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength 1292:1349 Thus, the present investigation conclusively demonstrates the potential role in terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 9 24 theme FDT 1155:1157 arg1 potency 1134:1140 the better anti emetic potency 1111:1140 the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT 1111:1157 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 6 25 theme Domperidone 779:789 arg1 DFDT 815:818 DFDT 815:818 DFDT 815:818 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 6 25 theme Domperidone 779:789 arg1 tablet 807:812 Domperidone fast dissolving tablet 779:812 Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) 779:819 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 9 26 theme Albino 1078:1083 arg1 mice 1085:1088 Swiss Albino mice 1072:1088 Swiss Albino mice 1072:1088 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 1 27 theme main 98:101 arg1 aim 103:105 The main aim 94:105 The main aim present work 94:118 The main aim present work was to optimize fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach. 25335985 10 28 theme strength 1342:1349 arg1 terms 1292:1296 terms 1292:1296 terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength 1292:1349 Thus, the present investigation conclusively demonstrates the potential role in terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 9 29 theme Conditioned 1022:1032 arg1 aversion 1040:1047 Conditioned place aversion 1022:1047 Conditioned place aversion study 1022:1053 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 6 30 theme fast 791:794 arg1 DFDT 815:818 DFDT 815:818 DFDT 815:818 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 6 30 theme fast 791:794 arg1 tablet 807:812 Domperidone fast dissolving tablet 779:812 Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) 779:819 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 1 31 theme aim 103:105 arg1 work 115:118 The main aim present work 94:118 The main aim present work 94:118 The main aim present work was to optimize fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach. 25335985 1 32 theme response 183:190 arg1 approach 200:207 response surface approach 183:207 response surface approach 183:207 The main aim present work was to optimize fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach. 25335985 3 33 theme work 346:349 arg1 aspect 328:333 The main aspect 319:333 The main aspect of present work 319:349 The main aspect of present work was to develop FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 1 34 theme surface 192:198 arg1 approach 200:207 response surface approach 183:207 response surface approach 183:207 The main aim present work was to optimize fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach. 25335985 3 35 theme Domperidone 373:383 arg1 FDT 366:368 FDT 366:368 FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength 366:448 The main aspect of present work was to develop FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 0 36 theme Domperidone 27:37 arg1 Tablet 55:60 Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet 27:60 Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet 27:60 Design and Optimization of Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet Using Central Composite Design. 25335985 9 37 theme anti 1122:1125 arg1 potency 1134:1140 the better anti emetic potency 1111:1140 the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT 1111:1157 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 0 38 theme Tablet 55:60 arg1 Optimization 11:22 Optimization 11:22 Optimization 11:22 Design and Optimization of Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet Using Central Composite Design. 25335985 0 38 theme Tablet 55:60 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design and Optimization of Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet Using Central Composite Design. 25335985 8 39 theme reference 989:997 arg1 product 999:1005 reference product 989:1005 reference product 989:1005 The values of Tmax were found to be 0.5 h and 0.75 h for DFDT and reference product, respectively. 25335985 3 40 contain possesses 391:399 arg1 FDT 366:368 FDT 366:368 FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength 366:448 The main aspect of present work was to develop FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 3 40 contain possesses 391:399 arg2 disintegration 406:419 fast disintegration 401:419 fast disintegration 401:419 The main aspect of present work was to develop FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 3 40 contain possesses 391:399 arg2 strength 441:448 high mechanical strength 425:448 high mechanical strength 425:448 The main aspect of present work was to develop FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 1 41 theme present 107:113 arg1 work 115:118 The main aim present work 94:118 The main aim present work 94:118 The main aim present work was to optimize fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach. 25335985 3 42 theme present 338:344 arg1 work 346:349 present work 338:349 present work 338:349 The main aspect of present work was to develop FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 10 43 theme potential 1274:1282 arg1 role 1284:1287 the potential role 1270:1287 the potential role in terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength 1270:1349 Thus, the present investigation conclusively demonstrates the potential role in terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 5 44 theme fast 610:613 arg1 disintegration 615:628 fast disintegration 610:628 fast disintegration (31.08 seconds) 610:644 The statistical models were successfully used to prepare FDT of Domperidone with fast disintegration (31.08 seconds) and adequate hardness (4.1 kg/cm(2)). 25335985 5 44 theme fast 610:613 arg1 seconds 637:643 31.08 seconds 631:643 31.08 seconds 631:643 The statistical models were successfully used to prepare FDT of Domperidone with fast disintegration (31.08 seconds) and adequate hardness (4.1 kg/cm(2)). 25335985 9 45 theme place 1034:1038 arg1 aversion 1040:1047 Conditioned place aversion 1022:1047 Conditioned place aversion study 1022:1053 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 9 46 theme emetic 1127:1132 arg1 potency 1134:1140 the better anti emetic potency 1111:1140 the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT 1111:1157 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 9 47 theme nauseated 1162:1170 arg1 condition 1172:1180 nauseated condition 1162:1180 nauseated condition 1162:1180 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 3 48 theme mechanical 430:439 arg1 strength 441:448 high mechanical strength 425:448 high mechanical strength 425:448 The main aspect of present work was to develop FDT of Domperidone which possesses fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 7 49 with bioequivalent 878:890 arg1 formulation 910:920 the marketed formulation 897:920 the marketed formulation 897:920 This concluded that optimized FDT is bioequivalent with the marketed formulation. 25335985 9 50 theme Swiss 1072:1076 arg1 mice 1085:1088 Swiss Albino mice 1072:1088 Swiss Albino mice 1072:1088 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 10 51 from role 1284:1287 arg1 terms 1292:1296 terms 1292:1296 terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength 1292:1349 Thus, the present investigation conclusively demonstrates the potential role in terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 10 52 theme present 1222:1228 arg1 investigation 1230:1242 the present investigation 1218:1242 the present investigation 1218:1242 Thus, the present investigation conclusively demonstrates the potential role in terms of rapid disintegration and high mechanical strength. 25335985 5 53 dep hardness 659:666 arg1 2 679:679 2 679:679 2 679:679 The statistical models were successfully used to prepare FDT of Domperidone with fast disintegration (31.08 seconds) and adequate hardness (4.1 kg/cm(2)). 25335985 5 53 dep hardness 659:666 arg1 kg/cm 673:677 4.1 kg/cm 669:677 4.1 kg/cm(2) 669:680 The statistical models were successfully used to prepare FDT of Domperidone with fast disintegration (31.08 seconds) and adequate hardness (4.1 kg/cm(2)). 25335985 9 54 theme optimized 1145:1153 arg1 FDT 1155:1157 optimized FDT 1145:1157 optimized FDT 1145:1157 Conditioned place aversion study was performed on Swiss Albino mice and the study showed the better anti emetic potency of optimized FDT in nauseated condition over market product (p<0.05). 25335985 7 55 theme marketed 901:908 arg1 formulation 910:920 the marketed formulation 897:920 the marketed formulation 897:920 This concluded that optimized FDT is bioequivalent with the marketed formulation. 25335985 0 56 theme Central 68:74 arg1 Design 86:91 Central Composite Design 68:91 Central Composite Design 68:91 Design and Optimization of Domperidone Fast Dissolving Tablet Using Central Composite Design. 25335985 6 57 theme insignificant 737:749 arg1 p>0.05 763:768 p>0.05 763:768 p>0.05 763:768 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 6 57 theme insignificant 737:749 arg1 difference 751:760 statistically insignificant difference 723:760 statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product 723:838 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 2 58 theme sodium 237:242 arg1 variables 214:222 The variables 210:222 The variables studied 210:230 The variables studied were sodium bicarbonate (X1), citric acid (X2), and superdisintegrant, Ac-Di-Sol (X3). 25335985 2 58 theme sodium 237:242 arg1 X1 257:258 X1 257:258 X1 257:258 The variables studied were sodium bicarbonate (X1), citric acid (X2), and superdisintegrant, Ac-Di-Sol (X3). 25335985 2 58 theme sodium 237:242 arg1 bicarbonate 244:254 sodium bicarbonate 237:254 sodium bicarbonate (X1) 237:259 The variables studied were sodium bicarbonate (X1), citric acid (X2), and superdisintegrant, Ac-Di-Sol (X3). 25335985 5 59 used used 570:573 arg2 models 545:550 The statistical models 529:550 The statistical models 529:550 The statistical models were successfully used to prepare FDT of Domperidone with fast disintegration (31.08 seconds) and adequate hardness (4.1 kg/cm(2)). 25335985 6 60 from studies 700:706 arg1 rats 711:714 rats 711:714 rats 711:714 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between Domperidone fast dissolving tablet (DFDT) and market product. 25335985 1 61 theme fast 136:139 arg1 formulation 165:175 fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation 136:175 fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach 136:207 The main aim present work was to optimize fast dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation using response surface approach. 25658611 1 0 theme respiratory 265:275 arg1 infections 305:314 respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections 265:314 respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections 265:314 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 25658611 1 1 theme gastro-intestinal 281:297 arg1 infections 305:314 respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections 265:314 respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections 265:314 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 25658611 1 2 with combination 326:336 arg1 handlings 353:361 stressful handlings 343:361 stressful handlings 343:361 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 25658611 11 3 theme different 2170:2178 arg1 homeostasis 2180:2190 different homeostasis 2170:2190 different homeostasis 2170:2190 As a consequence, the gut systems of the treatment groups develop into different homeostasis. 25658611 4 4 theme treatment 733:741 arg1 effect 712:717 the long-lasting effect 695:717 the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment 695:741 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 2 5 from effects 378:384 arg1 colonization 419:430 microbial colonization 409:430 microbial colonization 409:430 The immediate effects of these treatments on microbial colonization and immune development have been described recently. 25658611 2 5 from effects 378:384 arg1 development 443:453 immune development 436:453 immune development 436:453 The immediate effects of these treatments on microbial colonization and immune development have been described recently. 25658611 8 6 contain have 1525:1528 arg2 effects 1543:1549 long-lasting effects 1530:1549 long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176) 1530:1648 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 8 6 contain have 1525:1528 arg1 perturbations 1511:1523 early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations 1480:1523 early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations 1480:1523 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 10 7 theme observed 1883:1890 arg1 difference 1892:1901 the observed difference 1879:1901 the observed difference in gene expression at day 55 1879:1930 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 6 8 theme content 996:1002 arg1 Sampling 976:983 Sampling 976:983 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, 976:1113 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 7 9 theme related 1387:1393 arg1 processes 1395:1403 immune related processes 1380:1403 immune related processes 1380:1403 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress was found to have long-lasting effects on host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes. 25658611 4 10 theme long-lasting 699:710 arg1 effect 712:717 the long-lasting effect 695:717 the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment 695:741 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 3 11 theme microbial 603:611 arg1 community 613:621 the pig's intestinal microbial community 582:621 the pig's intestinal microbial community 582:621 Here we studied whether the early life administration of antibiotics has long-lasting effects on the pig's intestinal microbial community and on gut functionality. 25658611 7 12 theme gene 1316:1319 arg1 expression 1321:1330 host intestinal gene expression 1300:1330 host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes 1300:1403 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress was found to have long-lasting effects on host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes. 25658611 7 13 from treatment 1198:1206 arg1 combination 1211:1221 combination 1211:1221 combination 1211:1221 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress was found to have long-lasting effects on host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes. 25658611 7 14 theme processes 1359:1367 arg1 multitude 1346:1354 a multitude 1344:1354 a multitude of processes, including immune related processes 1344:1403 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress was found to have long-lasting effects on host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes. 25658611 8 15 dep system 1562:1567 arg1 both 1570:1573 both 1570:1573 both 1570:1573 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 3 16 theme gut 630:632 arg1 functionality 634:646 gut functionality 630:646 gut functionality 630:646 Here we studied whether the early life administration of antibiotics has long-lasting effects on the pig's intestinal microbial community and on gut functionality. 25658611 8 17 theme early 1480:1484 arg1 life 1486:1489 early life 1480:1489 early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations 1480:1523 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 6 18 theme jejunal 1049:1055 arg1 analysis 1035:1042 community scale microbiota analysis 1008:1042 community scale microbiota analysis 1008:1042 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 6 18 theme jejunal 1049:1055 arg1 tissue 1067:1072 and jejunal and ileal tissue 1045:1072 and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling 1045:1112 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 0 19 theme animal 68:73 arg1 handling 75:82 routine animal handling 60:82 routine animal handling 60:82 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 4 20 dep antibiotics 835:845 arg1 1 829:829 1 829:829 1 829:829 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 1 21 theme pig 165:167 arg1 systems 179:185 intensive pig husbandry systems 155:185 intensive pig husbandry systems 155:185 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 25658611 6 22 theme microbiota 1024:1033 arg1 analysis 1035:1042 community scale microbiota analysis 1008:1042 community scale microbiota analysis 1008:1042 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 6 22 theme microbiota 1024:1033 arg1 tissue 1067:1072 and jejunal and ileal tissue 1045:1072 and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling 1045:1112 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 0 23 theme microbiota 91:100 arg1 composition 102:112 gut microbiota composition 87:112 gut microbiota composition 87:112 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 6 24 theme community 1008:1016 arg1 analysis 1035:1042 community scale microbiota analysis 1008:1042 community scale microbiota analysis 1008:1042 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 6 24 theme community 1008:1016 arg1 tissue 1067:1072 and jejunal and ileal tissue 1045:1072 and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling 1045:1112 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 9 25 theme significant 1719:1729 arg1 differences 1731:1741 no significant differences 1716:1741 no significant differences between treatment groups, which is most probably due to the newly acquired microbiota during and right after weaning (day 28) 1716:1867 At day 55 high variance was observed in the microbiota data, but no significant differences between treatment groups, which is most probably due to the newly acquired microbiota during and right after weaning (day 28). 25658611 10 26 from difference 1968:1977 arg1 programming 1989:1999 immune programming 1982:1999 immune programming during early life 1982:2017 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 7 27 contain have 1271:1274 arg1 treatment 1198:1206 Antibiotic treatment 1187:1206 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress 1187:1256 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress was found to have long-lasting effects on host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes. 25658611 7 27 contain have 1271:1274 arg2 effects 1289:1295 long-lasting effects 1276:1295 long-lasting effects 1276:1295 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress was found to have long-lasting effects on host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes. 25658611 0 28 theme treatment 46:54 arg1 effects 13:19 Long-lasting effects 0:19 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 0:139 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 8 29 theme long-lasting 1530:1541 arg1 effects 1543:1549 long-lasting effects 1530:1549 long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176) 1530:1648 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 2 30 theme microbial 409:417 arg1 colonization 419:430 microbial colonization 409:430 microbial colonization 409:430 The immediate effects of these treatments on microbial colonization and immune development have been described recently. 25658611 0 31 theme Long-lasting 0:11 arg1 effects 13:19 Long-lasting effects 0:19 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 0:139 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 1 32 theme tract 299:303 arg1 infections 305:314 respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections 265:314 respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections 265:314 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 25658611 6 33 theme transcription 1090:1102 arg1 profiling 1104:1112 genome-wide transcription profiling 1078:1112 genome-wide transcription profiling 1078:1112 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 1 34 dep BACKGROUND 141:150 arg1 administrated 215:227 administrated 215:227 are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections 200:314 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 25658611 8 35 dep life 1486:1489 arg1 day 1492:1494 day 4 1492:1496 day 4 after birth 1492:1508 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 7 36 theme host 1300:1303 arg1 expression 1321:1330 host intestinal gene expression 1300:1330 host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes 1300:1403 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress was found to have long-lasting effects on host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes. 25658611 8 37 theme gut 1558:1560 arg1 system 1562:1567 the gut system 1554:1567 the gut system 1554:1567 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 0 38 theme antibiotic 35:44 arg1 treatment 46:54 early-life antibiotic treatment 24:54 early-life antibiotic treatment 24:54 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 6 39 theme ileal 1061:1065 arg1 analysis 1035:1042 community scale microbiota analysis 1008:1042 community scale microbiota analysis 1008:1042 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 6 39 theme ileal 1061:1065 arg1 tissue 1067:1072 and jejunal and ileal tissue 1045:1072 and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling 1045:1112 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 11 40 theme gut 2121:2123 arg1 systems 2125:2131 the gut systems 2117:2131 the gut systems of the treatment groups 2117:2155 As a consequence, the gut systems of the treatment groups develop into different homeostasis. 25658611 4 41 theme no 881:882 arg1 stress 884:889 no stress 881:889 no stress 881:889 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 2 42 theme immediate 368:376 arg1 effects 378:384 The immediate effects 364:384 The immediate effects of these treatments on microbial colonization and immune development 364:453 The immediate effects of these treatments on microbial colonization and immune development have been described recently. 25658611 3 43 theme early 513:517 arg1 administration 524:537 the early life administration 509:537 the early life administration of antibiotics 509:552 Here we studied whether the early life administration of antibiotics has long-lasting effects on the pig's intestinal microbial community and on gut functionality. 25658611 1 44 theme early 236:240 arg1 stages 247:252 early life stages 236:252 early life stages 236:252 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 25658611 4 45 theme METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL 649:669 arg1 FINDINGS 671:678 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 649:678 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 649:678 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 3 46 theme long-lasting 558:569 arg1 effects 571:577 long-lasting effects 558:577 long-lasting effects 558:577 Here we studied whether the early life administration of antibiotics has long-lasting effects on the pig's intestinal microbial community and on gut functionality. 25658611 4 47 dep antibiotics 899:909 arg1 3 896:896 3 896:896 3 896:896 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 9 48 theme acquired 1809:1816 arg1 microbiota 1818:1827 the newly acquired microbiota 1799:1827 the newly acquired microbiota during 1799:1834 At day 55 high variance was observed in the microbiota data, but no significant differences between treatment groups, which is most probably due to the newly acquired microbiota during and right after weaning (day 28). 25658611 0 49 from system 125:130 arg1 pigs 135:138 pigs 135:138 pigs 135:138 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 3 50 theme antibiotics 542:552 arg1 administration 524:537 the early life administration 509:537 the early life administration of antibiotics 509:552 Here we studied whether the early life administration of antibiotics has long-lasting effects on the pig's intestinal microbial community and on gut functionality. 25658611 10 51 theme immune 1982:1987 arg1 programming 1989:1999 immune programming 1982:1999 immune programming during early life 1982:2017 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 10 52 theme early 2008:2012 arg1 life 2014:2017 early life 2008:2017 early life 2008:2017 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 1 53 theme husbandry 169:177 arg1 systems 179:185 intensive pig husbandry systems 155:185 intensive pig husbandry systems 155:185 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 25658611 11 54 theme groups 2150:2155 arg1 systems 2125:2131 the gut systems 2117:2131 the gut systems of the treatment groups 2117:2155 As a consequence, the gut systems of the treatment groups develop into different homeostasis. 25658611 4 55 theme early-life 722:731 arg1 treatment 733:741 early-life treatment 722:741 early-life treatment 722:741 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 3 56 theme intestinal 592:601 arg1 community 613:621 the pig's intestinal microbial community 582:621 the pig's intestinal microbial community 582:621 Here we studied whether the early life administration of antibiotics has long-lasting effects on the pig's intestinal microbial community and on gut functionality. 25658611 6 57 theme jejunal 988:994 arg1 content 996:1002 jejunal content 988:1002 jejunal content 988:1002 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 9 58 located observed 1679:1686 arg1 data 1706:1709 the microbiota data 1691:1709 the microbiota data 1691:1709 At day 55 high variance was observed in the microbiota data, but no significant differences between treatment groups, which is most probably due to the newly acquired microbiota during and right after weaning (day 28). 25658611 9 58 located observed 1679:1686 arg1 day 1654:1656 day 55 1654:1659 day 55 1654:1659 At day 55 high variance was observed in the microbiota data, but no significant differences between treatment groups, which is most probably due to the newly acquired microbiota during and right after weaning (day 28). 25658611 9 58 located observed 1679:1686 arg2 variance 1666:1673 high variance 1661:1673 high variance 1661:1673 At day 55 high variance was observed in the microbiota data, but no significant differences between treatment groups, which is most probably due to the newly acquired microbiota during and right after weaning (day 28). 25658611 4 59 dep antibiotics 865:875 arg1 2 862:862 2 862:862 2 862:862 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 9 60 theme high 1661:1664 arg1 variance 1666:1673 high variance 1661:1673 high variance 1661:1673 At day 55 high variance was observed in the microbiota data, but no significant differences between treatment groups, which is most probably due to the newly acquired microbiota during and right after weaning (day 28). 25658611 10 61 theme acquired 2078:2085 arg1 microbiota 2087:2096 the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota 2055:2096 the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota 2055:2096 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 10 62 theme gene 1906:1909 arg1 expression 1911:1920 gene expression 1906:1920 gene expression at day 55 1906:1930 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 8 63 theme life 1486:1489 arg1 perturbations 1511:1523 early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations 1480:1523 early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations 1480:1523 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 10 64 theme post-weaning 2059:2070 arg1 microbiota 2087:2096 the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota 2055:2096 the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota 2055:2096 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 4 65 theme different 776:784 arg1 groups 786:791 three different groups 770:791 three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress 770:920 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 0 66 from composition 102:112 arg1 pigs 135:138 pigs 135:138 pigs 135:138 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 0 67 theme handling 75:82 arg1 effects 13:19 Long-lasting effects 0:19 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 0:139 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 9 68 theme microbiota 1695:1704 arg1 data 1706:1709 the microbiota data 1691:1709 the microbiota data 1691:1709 At day 55 high variance was observed in the microbiota data, but no significant differences between treatment groups, which is most probably due to the newly acquired microbiota during and right after weaning (day 28). 25658611 3 69 contain has 554:556 arg1 administration 524:537 the early life administration 509:537 the early life administration of antibiotics 509:552 Here we studied whether the early life administration of antibiotics has long-lasting effects on the pig's intestinal microbial community and on gut functionality. 25658611 3 69 contain has 554:556 arg2 effects 571:577 long-lasting effects 558:577 long-lasting effects 558:577 Here we studied whether the early life administration of antibiotics has long-lasting effects on the pig's intestinal microbial community and on gut functionality. 25658611 0 70 theme gut 87:89 arg1 composition 102:112 gut microbiota composition 87:112 gut microbiota composition 87:112 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 1 71 theme intensive 155:163 arg1 systems 179:185 intensive pig husbandry systems 155:185 intensive pig husbandry systems 155:185 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 25658611 0 72 from effects 13:19 arg1 composition 102:112 gut microbiota composition 87:112 gut microbiota composition 87:112 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 0 72 from effects 13:19 arg1 system 125:130 immune system 118:130 immune system 118:130 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 7 73 theme Antibiotic 1187:1196 arg1 treatment 1198:1206 Antibiotic treatment 1187:1206 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress 1187:1256 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress was found to have long-lasting effects on host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes. 25658611 6 74 theme scale 1018:1022 arg1 analysis 1035:1042 community scale microbiota analysis 1008:1042 community scale microbiota analysis 1008:1042 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 6 74 theme scale 1018:1022 arg1 tissue 1067:1072 and jejunal and ileal tissue 1045:1072 and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling 1045:1112 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 11 75 theme treatment 2140:2148 arg1 groups 2150:2155 the treatment groups 2136:2155 the treatment groups 2136:2155 As a consequence, the gut systems of the treatment groups develop into different homeostasis. 25658611 0 76 theme immune 118:123 arg1 system 125:130 immune system 118:130 immune system 118:130 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 7 77 theme intestinal 1305:1314 arg1 expression 1321:1330 host intestinal gene expression 1300:1330 host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes 1300:1403 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress was found to have long-lasting effects on host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes. 25658611 9 78 theme treatment 1751:1759 arg1 groups 1761:1766 treatment groups 1751:1766 treatment groups 1751:1766 At day 55 high variance was observed in the microbiota data, but no significant differences between treatment groups, which is most probably due to the newly acquired microbiota during and right after weaning (day 28). 25658611 4 79 theme following 807:815 arg1 treatments 817:826 the following treatments 803:826 the following treatments 803:826 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 0 80 theme early-life 24:33 arg1 treatment 46:54 early-life antibiotic treatment 24:54 early-life antibiotic treatment 24:54 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 10 81 from day 1925:1927 arg1 difference 1892:1901 the observed difference 1879:1901 the observed difference in gene expression at day 55 1879:1930 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 10 81 from day 1925:1927 arg1 expression 1911:1920 gene expression 1906:1920 gene expression at day 55 1906:1930 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 6 82 theme genome-wide 1078:1088 arg1 profiling 1104:1112 genome-wide transcription profiling 1078:1112 genome-wide transcription profiling 1078:1112 Sampling of jejunal content for community scale microbiota analysis, and jejunal and ileal tissue for genome-wide transcription profiling, was performed at day 55 (~8 weeks) and day 176 (~25 weeks) after birth. 25658611 2 83 theme treatments 395:404 arg1 effects 378:384 The immediate effects 364:384 The immediate effects of these treatments on microbial colonization and immune development 364:453 The immediate effects of these treatments on microbial colonization and immune development have been described recently. 25658611 8 84 from effects 1543:1549 arg1 composition 1628:1638 microbiota composition 1617:1638 microbiota composition (day 176) 1617:1648 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 8 84 from effects 1543:1549 arg1 day 1595:1597 day 55 1595:1600 day 55 1595:1600 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 8 84 from effects 1543:1549 arg1 expression 1583:1592 gene expression 1578:1592 gene expression (day 55) 1578:1601 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 8 84 from effects 1543:1549 arg1 system 1562:1567 the gut system 1554:1567 the gut system 1554:1567 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 8 84 from effects 1543:1549 arg1 day 1641:1643 day 176 1641:1647 day 176 1641:1647 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 7 85 theme long-lasting 1276:1287 arg1 effects 1289:1295 long-lasting effects 1276:1295 long-lasting effects 1276:1295 Antibiotic treatment in combination with or without exposure to stress was found to have long-lasting effects on host intestinal gene expression involved in a multitude of processes, including immune related processes. 25658611 2 86 theme immune 436:441 arg1 development 443:453 immune development 436:453 immune development 436:453 The immediate effects of these treatments on microbial colonization and immune development have been described recently. 25658611 0 87 theme routine 60:66 arg1 handling 75:82 routine animal handling 60:82 routine animal handling 60:82 Long-lasting effects of early-life antibiotic treatment and routine animal handling on gut microbiota composition and immune system in pigs. 25658611 8 88 theme gene 1578:1581 arg1 day 1595:1597 day 55 1595:1600 day 55 1595:1600 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 8 88 theme gene 1578:1581 arg1 expression 1583:1592 gene expression 1578:1592 gene expression (day 55) 1578:1601 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 10 89 from difference 1892:1901 arg1 day 1925:1927 day 55 1925:1930 day 55 1925:1930 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 10 89 from difference 1892:1901 arg1 expression 1911:1920 gene expression 1906:1920 gene expression at day 55 1906:1930 Based on the observed difference in gene expression at day 55, it is hypothesized that due to the difference in immune programming during early life, the systems respond differently to the post-weaning newly acquired microbiota. 25658611 8 90 theme microbiota 1617:1626 arg1 composition 1628:1638 microbiota composition 1617:1638 microbiota composition (day 176) 1617:1648 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 8 90 theme microbiota 1617:1626 arg1 day 1641:1643 day 176 1641:1647 day 176 1641:1647 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in this study indicate that early life (day 4 after birth) perturbations have long-lasting effects on the gut system, both in gene expression (day 55) as well as on microbiota composition (day 176). 25658611 1 91 theme stressful 343:351 arg1 handlings 353:361 stressful handlings 343:361 stressful handlings 343:361 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 25658611 4 92 theme no 851:852 arg1 stress 854:859 no stress 851:859 no stress 851:859 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the long-lasting effect of early-life treatment, piglets were divided into three different groups receiving the following treatments: 1) no antibiotics and no stress, 2) antibiotics and no stress, and 3) antibiotics and stress. 25658611 3 93 theme life 519:522 arg1 administration 524:537 the early life administration 509:537 the early life administration of antibiotics 509:552 Here we studied whether the early life administration of antibiotics has long-lasting effects on the pig's intestinal microbial community and on gut functionality. 25658611 1 94 theme life 242:245 arg1 stages 247:252 early life stages 236:252 early life stages 236:252 BACKGROUND In intensive pig husbandry systems, antibiotics are frequently administrated during early life stages to prevent respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract infections, often in combination with stressful handlings. 29183647 10 0 theme digestive 1574:1582 arg1 fluids 1584:1589 the digestive fluids 1570:1589 the digestive fluids that differently interact with anionic or cationic surfaces 1570:1649 The mechanism behind these results can be understood from the composition of the different environments generated by the digestive fluids that differently interact with anionic or cationic surfaces. 29183647 7 1 theme anionic 1047:1053 arg1 liposomes 1055:1063 anionic liposomes 1047:1063 anionic liposomes 1047:1063 Slightly higher curcumin concentrations were found after the mouth and the stomach digestion phases when curcumin was loaded in anionic liposomes. 29183647 8 2 theme chitosan-coated 1158:1172 arg1 carrier 1197:1203 carrier 1197:1203 carrier 1197:1203 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 8 2 theme chitosan-coated 1158:1172 arg1 liposomes 1174:1182 chitosan-coated liposomes 1158:1182 chitosan-coated liposomes 1158:1182 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 9 3 theme curcumin 1427:1434 arg1 bioavailability 1436:1450 the overall curcumin bioavailability 1415:1450 the overall curcumin bioavailability 1415:1450 It was shown that the presence of a positively charged surface allows a better absorption of curcumin in the small intestine phase, which increases the overall curcumin bioavailability. 29183647 3 4 theme chitosan-coated 326:340 arg1 liposomes 342:350 chitosan-coated liposomes 326:350 chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes 326:415 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 9 5 theme charged 1314:1320 arg1 surface 1322:1328 a positively charged surface 1301:1328 a positively charged surface 1301:1328 It was shown that the presence of a positively charged surface allows a better absorption of curcumin in the small intestine phase, which increases the overall curcumin bioavailability. 29183647 3 6 dep loaded 392:397 arg1 curcumin 383:390 curcumin 383:390 curcumin 383:390 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 5 7 theme index 628:632 arg1 Values 593:598 Values 593:598 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements 593:760 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 8 8 theme intestinal 1093:1102 arg1 phase 1104:1108 the intestinal phase 1089:1108 the intestinal phase 1089:1108 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 7 9 theme curcumin 935:942 arg1 concentrations 944:957 Slightly higher curcumin concentrations 919:957 Slightly higher curcumin concentrations 919:957 Slightly higher curcumin concentrations were found after the mouth and the stomach digestion phases when curcumin was loaded in anionic liposomes. 29183647 10 10 theme anionic 1622:1628 arg1 surfaces 1642:1649 anionic or cationic surfaces 1622:1649 anionic or cationic surfaces 1622:1649 The mechanism behind these results can be understood from the composition of the different environments generated by the digestive fluids that differently interact with anionic or cationic surfaces. 29183647 7 11 theme stomach 994:1000 arg1 phases 1012:1017 the stomach digestion phases 990:1017 the stomach digestion phases 990:1017 Slightly higher curcumin concentrations were found after the mouth and the stomach digestion phases when curcumin was loaded in anionic liposomes. 29183647 8 12 used used 1189:1192 arg2 liposomes 1174:1182 chitosan-coated liposomes 1158:1182 chitosan-coated liposomes 1158:1182 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 8 12 used used 1189:1192 arg2 carrier 1197:1203 carrier 1197:1203 carrier 1197:1203 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 9 13 theme surface 1322:1328 arg1 presence 1289:1296 the presence 1285:1296 the presence of a positively charged surface 1285:1328 It was shown that the presence of a positively charged surface allows a better absorption of curcumin in the small intestine phase, which increases the overall curcumin bioavailability. 29183647 3 14 dep preparation 293:303 arg1 the 289:291 the 289:291 the 289:291 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 2 15 theme coated 173:178 arg1 liposomes 180:188 Chitosan coated liposomes 164:188 Chitosan coated liposomes 164:188 Chitosan coated liposomes could represent an alternative way as a carrier for delivery of drugs in human body. 29183647 5 16 theme dynamic 708:714 arg1 scattering 722:731 dynamic light scattering 708:731 dynamic light scattering 708:731 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 5 17 theme surface 638:644 arg1 charge 646:651 surface charge 638:651 surface charge 638:651 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 6 18 dep diameter 829:836 arg1 index 857:861 index 857:861 index 857:861 After chitosan-coating, diameter and polydispersity index remain unvaried while the surface charge gets positive. 29183647 8 19 located found 1147:1151 arg2 percentage 1120:1129 a higher percentage 1111:1129 a higher percentage of curcumin 1111:1141 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 8 19 located found 1147:1151 arg1 contrary 1073:1080 the contrary 1069:1080 the contrary 1069:1080 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 8 20 theme raw 1218:1220 arg1 digesta 1222:1228 the raw digesta 1214:1228 the raw digesta 1214:1228 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 2 21 theme Chitosan 164:171 arg1 liposomes 180:188 Chitosan coated liposomes 164:188 Chitosan coated liposomes 164:188 Chitosan coated liposomes could represent an alternative way as a carrier for delivery of drugs in human body. 29183647 5 22 theme charge 646:651 arg1 Values 593:598 Values 593:598 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements 593:760 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 7 23 theme higher 928:933 arg1 concentrations 944:957 Slightly higher curcumin concentrations 919:957 Slightly higher curcumin concentrations 919:957 Slightly higher curcumin concentrations were found after the mouth and the stomach digestion phases when curcumin was loaded in anionic liposomes. 29183647 4 24 theme digestion 502:510 arg1 procedure 512:520 an in-vitro digestion procedure 490:520 an in-vitro digestion procedure allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested curcumin 490:590 The applicability of the carriers was tested by means of an in-vitro digestion procedure allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested curcumin. 29183647 5 25 theme curcumin 657:664 arg1 liposomes 681:689 curcumin loaded anionic liposomes 657:689 curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements 657:760 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 7 26 theme digestion 1002:1010 arg1 phases 1012:1017 the stomach digestion phases 990:1017 the stomach digestion phases 990:1017 Slightly higher curcumin concentrations were found after the mouth and the stomach digestion phases when curcumin was loaded in anionic liposomes. 29183647 0 27 theme In-vitro 0:7 arg1 digestion 9:17 In-vitro digestion 0:17 In-vitro digestion of curcumin 0:29 In-vitro digestion of curcumin loaded chitosan-coated liposomes. 29183647 3 28 theme anionic 399:405 arg1 liposomes 407:415 curcumin loaded anionic liposomes 383:415 chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes 326:415 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 4 29 theme in-vitro 493:500 arg1 procedure 512:520 an in-vitro digestion procedure 490:520 an in-vitro digestion procedure allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested curcumin 490:590 The applicability of the carriers was tested by means of an in-vitro digestion procedure allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested curcumin. 29183647 5 30 theme loaded 666:671 arg1 liposomes 681:689 curcumin loaded anionic liposomes 657:689 curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements 657:760 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 5 31 theme diameter 603:610 arg1 Values 593:598 Values 593:598 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements 593:760 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 1 32 theme major 92:96 arg1 route 98:102 a major route 90:102 a major route for encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules 90:161 Liposomes are considered a major route for encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. 29183647 2 33 from delivery 242:249 arg1 body 269:272 human body 263:272 human body 263:272 Chitosan coated liposomes could represent an alternative way as a carrier for delivery of drugs in human body. 29183647 3 34 theme liposomes 407:415 arg1 preparation 293:303 preparation 293:303 preparation 293:303 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 3 34 theme liposomes 407:415 arg1 applicability 309:321 applicability 309:321 applicability 309:321 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 4 35 theme curcumin 583:590 arg1 bioaccessibility 554:569 the bioaccessibility 550:569 the bioaccessibility of ingested curcumin 550:590 The applicability of the carriers was tested by means of an in-vitro digestion procedure allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested curcumin. 29183647 5 36 theme anionic 673:679 arg1 liposomes 681:689 curcumin loaded anionic liposomes 657:689 curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements 657:760 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 0 37 theme curcumin 22:29 arg1 digestion 9:17 In-vitro digestion 0:17 In-vitro digestion of curcumin 0:29 In-vitro digestion of curcumin loaded chitosan-coated liposomes. 29183647 4 38 theme ingested 574:581 arg1 curcumin 583:590 ingested curcumin 574:590 ingested curcumin 574:590 The applicability of the carriers was tested by means of an in-vitro digestion procedure allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested curcumin. 29183647 8 39 theme curcumin 1134:1141 arg1 percentage 1120:1129 a higher percentage 1111:1129 a higher percentage of curcumin 1111:1141 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 5 40 theme polydispersity 613:626 arg1 index 628:632 polydispersity index 613:632 polydispersity index 613:632 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 8 41 theme salt 1246:1249 arg1 phase 1260:1264 the bile salt micellar phase 1237:1264 the bile salt micellar phase 1237:1264 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 3 42 theme loaded 392:397 arg1 liposomes 407:415 curcumin loaded anionic liposomes 383:415 chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes 326:415 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 0 43 theme chitosan-coated 38:52 arg1 liposomes 54:62 chitosan-coated liposomes 38:62 chitosan-coated liposomes 38:62 In-vitro digestion of curcumin loaded chitosan-coated liposomes. 29183647 10 44 theme different 1534:1542 arg1 environments 1544:1555 the different environments 1530:1555 the different environments generated by the digestive fluids that differently interact with anionic or cationic surfaces 1530:1649 The mechanism behind these results can be understood from the composition of the different environments generated by the digestive fluids that differently interact with anionic or cationic surfaces. 29183647 8 45 theme bile 1241:1244 arg1 phase 1260:1264 the bile salt micellar phase 1237:1264 the bile salt micellar phase 1237:1264 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 9 46 theme small 1376:1380 arg1 intestine 1382:1390 the small intestine 1372:1390 the small intestine phase 1372:1396 It was shown that the presence of a positively charged surface allows a better absorption of curcumin in the small intestine phase, which increases the overall curcumin bioavailability. 29183647 10 47 dep mechanism 1457:1465 arg1 behind 1467:1472 behind 1467:1472 behind these results 1467:1486 The mechanism behind these results can be understood from the composition of the different environments generated by the digestive fluids that differently interact with anionic or cationic surfaces. 29183647 10 48 theme cationic 1633:1640 arg1 surfaces 1642:1649 anionic or cationic surfaces 1622:1649 anionic or cationic surfaces 1622:1649 The mechanism behind these results can be understood from the composition of the different environments generated by the digestive fluids that differently interact with anionic or cationic surfaces. 29183647 5 49 theme light 716:720 arg1 scattering 722:731 dynamic light scattering 708:731 dynamic light scattering 708:731 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 9 50 theme curcumin 1360:1367 arg1 absorption 1346:1355 a better absorption 1337:1355 a better absorption of curcumin 1337:1367 It was shown that the presence of a positively charged surface allows a better absorption of curcumin in the small intestine phase, which increases the overall curcumin bioavailability. 29183647 9 51 theme better 1339:1344 arg1 absorption 1346:1355 a better absorption 1337:1355 a better absorption of curcumin 1337:1367 It was shown that the presence of a positively charged surface allows a better absorption of curcumin in the small intestine phase, which increases the overall curcumin bioavailability. 29183647 8 52 theme micellar 1251:1258 arg1 phase 1260:1264 the bile salt micellar phase 1237:1264 the bile salt micellar phase 1237:1264 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 1 53 theme hydrophilic 125:135 arg1 molecules 153:161 hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules 125:161 hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules 125:161 Liposomes are considered a major route for encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. 29183647 4 54 theme bioaccessibility 554:569 arg1 measurement 535:545 measurement 535:545 measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested curcumin 535:590 The applicability of the carriers was tested by means of an in-vitro digestion procedure allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested curcumin. 29183647 10 55 theme environments 1544:1555 arg1 composition 1515:1525 the composition 1511:1525 the composition of the different environments generated by the digestive fluids that differently interact with anionic or cationic surfaces 1511:1649 The mechanism behind these results can be understood from the composition of the different environments generated by the digestive fluids that differently interact with anionic or cationic surfaces. 29183647 9 56 dep intestine 1382:1390 arg1 phase 1392:1396 phase 1392:1396 the small intestine phase 1372:1396 It was shown that the presence of a positively charged surface allows a better absorption of curcumin in the small intestine phase, which increases the overall curcumin bioavailability. 29183647 5 57 theme ζ-potential 737:747 arg1 measurements 749:760 ζ-potential measurements 737:760 ζ-potential measurements 737:760 Values of diameter, polydispersity index and surface charge for curcumin loaded anionic liposomes obtained through dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements were 129nm, 0.095 and -49mV, respectively. 29183647 4 58 theme carriers 458:465 arg1 applicability 437:449 The applicability 433:449 The applicability of the carriers 433:465 The applicability of the carriers was tested by means of an in-vitro digestion procedure allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested curcumin. 29183647 2 59 theme human 263:267 arg1 body 269:272 human body 263:272 human body 263:272 Chitosan coated liposomes could represent an alternative way as a carrier for delivery of drugs in human body. 29183647 1 60 theme hydrophobic 141:151 arg1 molecules 153:161 hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules 125:161 hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules 125:161 Liposomes are considered a major route for encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. 29183647 8 61 theme higher 1113:1118 arg1 percentage 1120:1129 a higher percentage 1111:1129 a higher percentage of curcumin 1111:1141 On the contrary, after the intestinal phase, a higher percentage of curcumin was found when chitosan-coated liposomes were used as carrier, both in the raw digesta and in the bile salt micellar phase. 29183647 3 62 theme liposomes 342:350 arg1 preparation 293:303 preparation 293:303 preparation 293:303 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 3 62 theme liposomes 342:350 arg1 applicability 309:321 applicability 309:321 applicability 309:321 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 2 63 theme alternative 209:219 arg1 way 221:223 an alternative way 206:223 an alternative way as a carrier for delivery of drugs in human body 206:272 Chitosan coated liposomes could represent an alternative way as a carrier for delivery of drugs in human body. 29183647 6 64 theme surface 889:895 arg1 charge 897:902 the surface charge 885:902 the surface charge 885:902 After chitosan-coating, diameter and polydispersity index remain unvaried while the surface charge gets positive. 29183647 1 65 theme molecules 153:161 arg1 encapsulation 108:120 encapsulation 108:120 encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules 108:161 Liposomes are considered a major route for encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. 29183647 2 66 theme drugs 254:258 arg1 delivery 242:249 delivery 242:249 delivery of drugs in human body 242:272 Chitosan coated liposomes could represent an alternative way as a carrier for delivery of drugs in human body. 29183647 3 67 contain containing 352:361 arg1 liposomes 342:350 chitosan-coated liposomes 326:350 chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes 326:415 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 3 67 contain containing 352:361 arg2 curcumin 363:370 curcumin 363:370 curcumin 363:370 In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. 29183647 9 68 theme overall 1419:1425 arg1 bioavailability 1436:1450 the overall curcumin bioavailability 1415:1450 the overall curcumin bioavailability 1415:1450 It was shown that the presence of a positively charged surface allows a better absorption of curcumin in the small intestine phase, which increases the overall curcumin bioavailability. 26774183 0 0 theme European 77:84 arg1 hamster 86:92 the European hamster 73:92 the European hamster 73:92 Maintenance of a fully functional digestive system during hibernation in the European hamster, a food-storing hibernator. 26774183 7 1 theme starch 1180:1185 arg1 composition 1208:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition 1130:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate 1130:1235 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 4 2 theme digestive 686:694 arg1 tract 696:700 the digestive tract 682:700 the digestive tract 682:700 Whereas fat-storing species undergo a marked atrophy of the digestive tract, food-storing species have to maintain a functional digestive system during hibernation. 26774183 5 3 theme absorption 823:832 arg1 capacities 834:843 the absorption capacities 819:843 the absorption capacities of a food-storing species, the European hamster, throughout the annual cycle 819:920 Our study aimed to evaluate the absorption capacities of a food-storing species, the European hamster, throughout the annual cycle. 26774183 1 4 theme energy 147:152 arg1 expenditure 154:164 energy expenditure 147:164 energy expenditure 147:164 Some small mammals limit energy expenditure during winter conditions through torpor bouts, which are characterized by a decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate. 26774183 11 5 theme intestinal 1643:1652 arg1 capacities 1665:1674 the intestinal absorption capacities 1639:1674 the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species 1639:1698 In contrast with fat-storing species, the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species are fully maintained during hibernation to optimize nutrient assimilation during short interbout euthermy. 26774183 11 6 theme nutrient 1752:1759 arg1 assimilation 1761:1772 nutrient assimilation 1752:1772 nutrient assimilation 1752:1772 In contrast with fat-storing species, the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species are fully maintained during hibernation to optimize nutrient assimilation during short interbout euthermy. 26774183 12 7 theme glucose-dependent 1906:1922 arg1 pathways 1924:1931 glucose-dependent pathways 1906:1931 glucose-dependent pathways 1906:1931 In particular, glucose uptake rate is increased during hibernation to restore glycaemia and ensure glucose-dependent pathways. 26774183 3 8 theme fat-storing 511:521 arg1 requirements 497:508 energy requirements 490:508 energy requirements (fat-storing species) 490:530 Although most of the species involved do not feed during hibernation and rely on body reserves to fulfil energy requirements (fat-storing species), others hoard food in a burrow (food-storing species) and can feed during interbout euthermy. 26774183 3 8 theme fat-storing 511:521 arg1 species 523:529 fat-storing species 511:529 fat-storing species 511:529 Although most of the species involved do not feed during hibernation and rely on body reserves to fulfil energy requirements (fat-storing species), others hoard food in a burrow (food-storing species) and can feed during interbout euthermy. 26774183 6 9 theme hamsters 991:998 arg1 hamsters 991:998 hamsters 991:998 hamsters (n=5) 991:1004 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 6 9 theme hamsters 991:998 arg1 groups 981:986 different groups 971:986 different groups of hamsters (n=5) 971:1004 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 6 9 theme hamsters 991:998 arg1 n=5 1001:1003 n=5 1001:1003 n=5 1001:1003 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 7 10 theme acid 1174:1177 arg1 composition 1208:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition 1130:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate 1130:1235 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 9 11 from similar 1495:1501 arg1 groups 1510:1515 all groups 1506:1515 all groups 1506:1515 Intestinal absorption of free fatty acid was also similar in all groups. 26774183 4 12 theme digestive 754:762 arg1 system 764:769 a functional digestive system 741:769 a functional digestive system 741:769 Whereas fat-storing species undergo a marked atrophy of the digestive tract, food-storing species have to maintain a functional digestive system during hibernation. 26774183 11 13 with contrast 1604:1611 arg1 species 1630:1636 fat-storing species 1618:1636 fat-storing species 1618:1636 In contrast with fat-storing species, the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species are fully maintained during hibernation to optimize nutrient assimilation during short interbout euthermy. 26774183 1 14 theme body 254:257 arg1 temperature 259:269 body temperature 254:269 body temperature 254:269 Some small mammals limit energy expenditure during winter conditions through torpor bouts, which are characterized by a decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate. 26774183 10 15 theme glucose 1527:1533 arg1 rate 1542:1545 glucose uptake rate 1527:1545 glucose uptake rate 1527:1545 However, glucose uptake rate was higher during hibernation than during the summer. 26774183 9 16 theme fatty 1475:1479 arg1 acid 1481:1484 free fatty acid 1470:1484 free fatty acid 1470:1484 Intestinal absorption of free fatty acid was also similar in all groups. 26774183 4 17 theme functional 743:752 arg1 system 764:769 a functional digestive system 741:769 a functional digestive system 741:769 Whereas fat-storing species undergo a marked atrophy of the digestive tract, food-storing species have to maintain a functional digestive system during hibernation. 26774183 8 18 from similar 1369:1375 arg1 hibernating 1380:1390 hibernating 1380:1390 hibernating 1380:1390 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 8 18 from similar 1369:1375 arg1 non-hibernating 1419:1433 non-hibernating 1419:1433 non-hibernating 1419:1433 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 4 19 theme food-storing 703:714 arg1 species 716:722 food-storing species 703:722 food-storing species 703:722 Whereas fat-storing species undergo a marked atrophy of the digestive tract, food-storing species have to maintain a functional digestive system during hibernation. 26774183 0 20 theme food-storing 97:108 arg1 hibernator 110:119 a food-storing hibernator 95:119 a food-storing hibernator 95:119 Maintenance of a fully functional digestive system during hibernation in the European hamster, a food-storing hibernator. 26774183 0 20 theme food-storing 97:108 arg1 Maintenance 0:10 Maintenance 0:10 Maintenance of a fully functional digestive system during hibernation in the European hamster 0:92 Maintenance of a fully functional digestive system during hibernation in the European hamster, a food-storing hibernator. 26774183 3 21 theme energy 490:495 arg1 requirements 497:508 energy requirements 490:508 energy requirements (fat-storing species) 490:530 Although most of the species involved do not feed during hibernation and rely on body reserves to fulfil energy requirements (fat-storing species), others hoard food in a burrow (food-storing species) and can feed during interbout euthermy. 26774183 3 21 theme energy 490:495 arg1 species 523:529 fat-storing species 511:529 fat-storing species 511:529 Although most of the species involved do not feed during hibernation and rely on body reserves to fulfil energy requirements (fat-storing species), others hoard food in a burrow (food-storing species) and can feed during interbout euthermy. 26774183 8 22 theme Triglyceride 1314:1325 arg1 rates 1358:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates 1314:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates 1314:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 5 23 theme food-storing 850:861 arg1 species 863:869 a food-storing species 848:869 a food-storing species 848:869 Our study aimed to evaluate the absorption capacities of a food-storing species, the European hamster, throughout the annual cycle. 26774183 5 23 theme food-storing 850:861 arg1 hamster 885:891 the European hamster 872:891 the European hamster 872:891 Our study aimed to evaluate the absorption capacities of a food-storing species, the European hamster, throughout the annual cycle. 26774183 7 24 theme fatty 1168:1172 arg1 acid 1174:1177 non-esterified free fatty acid 1148:1177 non-esterified free fatty acid 1148:1177 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 8 25 from non-hibernating 1419:1433 arg1 similar 1369:1375 similar 1369:1375 similar 1369:1375 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 9 26 theme acid 1481:1484 arg1 absorption 1456:1465 Intestinal absorption 1445:1465 Intestinal absorption of free fatty acid 1445:1484 Intestinal absorption of free fatty acid was also similar in all groups. 26774183 1 27 theme winter 173:178 arg1 conditions 180:189 winter conditions 173:189 winter conditions 173:189 Some small mammals limit energy expenditure during winter conditions through torpor bouts, which are characterized by a decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate. 26774183 12 28 theme uptake 1830:1835 arg1 rate 1837:1840 glucose uptake rate 1822:1840 glucose uptake rate 1822:1840 In particular, glucose uptake rate is increased during hibernation to restore glycaemia and ensure glucose-dependent pathways. 26774183 11 29 theme short 1781:1785 arg1 euthermy 1797:1804 short interbout euthermy 1781:1804 short interbout euthermy 1781:1804 In contrast with fat-storing species, the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species are fully maintained during hibernation to optimize nutrient assimilation during short interbout euthermy. 26774183 11 30 theme interbout 1787:1795 arg1 euthermy 1797:1804 short interbout euthermy 1781:1804 short interbout euthermy 1781:1804 In contrast with fat-storing species, the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species are fully maintained during hibernation to optimize nutrient assimilation during short interbout euthermy. 26774183 8 31 theme starch 1328:1333 arg1 rates 1358:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates 1314:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates 1314:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 4 32 theme marked 664:669 arg1 atrophy 671:677 a marked atrophy 662:677 a marked atrophy of the digestive tract 662:700 Whereas fat-storing species undergo a marked atrophy of the digestive tract, food-storing species have to maintain a functional digestive system during hibernation. 26774183 7 33 theme non-esterified 1148:1161 arg1 acid 1174:1177 non-esterified free fatty acid 1148:1177 non-esterified free fatty acid 1148:1177 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 6 34 theme different 971:979 arg1 hamsters 991:998 hamsters 991:998 hamsters (n=5) 991:1004 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 6 34 theme different 971:979 arg1 groups 981:986 different groups 971:986 different groups of hamsters (n=5) 971:1004 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 6 34 theme different 971:979 arg1 n=5 1001:1003 n=5 1001:1003 n=5 1001:1003 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 11 35 theme food-storing 1679:1690 arg1 species 1692:1698 food-storing species 1679:1698 food-storing species 1679:1698 In contrast with fat-storing species, the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species are fully maintained during hibernation to optimize nutrient assimilation during short interbout euthermy. 26774183 6 36 dep In 923:924 arg1 vivo 926:929 vivo 926:929 vivo 926:929 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 1 37 theme metabolic 275:283 arg1 rate 285:288 metabolic rate 275:288 metabolic rate 275:288 Some small mammals limit energy expenditure during winter conditions through torpor bouts, which are characterized by a decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate. 26774183 7 38 theme loop 1308:1311 arg1 perfusion 1275:1283 the 1h perfusion 1268:1283 the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop 1268:1311 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 6 39 theme summer 1117:1122 arg1 rest 1124:1127 summer rest 1117:1127 summer rest 1117:1127 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 11 40 theme fat-storing 1618:1628 arg1 species 1630:1636 fat-storing species 1618:1636 fat-storing species 1618:1636 In contrast with fat-storing species, the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species are fully maintained during hibernation to optimize nutrient assimilation during short interbout euthermy. 26774183 3 41 theme body 466:469 arg1 reserves 471:478 body reserves 466:478 body reserves 466:478 Although most of the species involved do not feed during hibernation and rely on body reserves to fulfil energy requirements (fat-storing species), others hoard food in a burrow (food-storing species) and can feed during interbout euthermy. 26774183 6 42 theme interbout 1086:1094 arg1 euthermy 1096:1103 interbout euthermy 1086:1103 interbout euthermy 1086:1103 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 9 43 theme free 1470:1473 arg1 acid 1481:1484 free fatty acid 1470:1484 free fatty acid 1470:1484 Intestinal absorption of free fatty acid was also similar in all groups. 26774183 11 44 theme absorption 1654:1663 arg1 capacities 1665:1674 the intestinal absorption capacities 1639:1674 the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species 1639:1698 In contrast with fat-storing species, the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species are fully maintained during hibernation to optimize nutrient assimilation during short interbout euthermy. 26774183 1 45 dep limit 141:145 arg1 characterized 223:235 characterized 223:235 are characterized by a decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate 219:288 Some small mammals limit energy expenditure during winter conditions through torpor bouts, which are characterized by a decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate. 26774183 8 46 from hibernating 1380:1390 arg1 similar 1369:1375 similar 1369:1375 similar 1369:1375 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 7 47 theme 1h 1272:1273 arg1 perfusion 1275:1283 the 1h perfusion 1268:1283 the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop 1268:1311 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 0 48 theme digestive 34:42 arg1 system 44:49 a fully functional digestive system 15:49 a fully functional digestive system 15:49 Maintenance of a fully functional digestive system during hibernation in the European hamster, a food-storing hibernator. 26774183 5 49 theme annual 909:914 arg1 cycle 916:920 the annual cycle 905:920 the annual cycle 905:920 Our study aimed to evaluate the absorption capacities of a food-storing species, the European hamster, throughout the annual cycle. 26774183 1 50 from decrease 242:249 arg1 rate 285:288 metabolic rate 275:288 metabolic rate 275:288 Some small mammals limit energy expenditure during winter conditions through torpor bouts, which are characterized by a decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate. 26774183 1 50 from decrease 242:249 arg1 temperature 259:269 body temperature 254:269 body temperature 254:269 Some small mammals limit energy expenditure during winter conditions through torpor bouts, which are characterized by a decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate. 26774183 6 51 theme life 1027:1030 arg1 periods 1032:1038 the different life periods 1013:1038 the different life periods 1013:1038 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 9 52 from groups 1510:1515 arg1 similar 1495:1501 similar 1495:1501 similar 1495:1501 Intestinal absorption of free fatty acid was also similar in all groups. 26774183 4 53 theme fat-storing 634:644 arg1 species 646:652 fat-storing species 634:652 fat-storing species 634:652 Whereas fat-storing species undergo a marked atrophy of the digestive tract, food-storing species have to maintain a functional digestive system during hibernation. 26774183 0 54 theme functional 23:32 arg1 system 44:49 a fully functional digestive system 15:49 a fully functional digestive system 15:49 Maintenance of a fully functional digestive system during hibernation in the European hamster, a food-storing hibernator. 26774183 8 55 theme hydrolysis 1347:1356 arg1 rates 1358:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates 1314:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates 1314:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 6 56 theme different 1017:1025 arg1 periods 1032:1038 the different life periods 1013:1038 the different life periods 1013:1038 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 6 57 theme intestinal 931:940 arg1 perfusions 942:951 In vivo intestinal perfusions 923:951 In vivo intestinal perfusions 923:951 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 10 58 theme uptake 1535:1540 arg1 rate 1542:1545 glucose uptake rate 1527:1545 glucose uptake rate 1527:1545 However, glucose uptake rate was higher during hibernation than during the summer. 26774183 0 59 from hibernation 58:68 arg1 hamster 86:92 the European hamster 73:92 the European hamster 73:92 Maintenance of a fully functional digestive system during hibernation in the European hamster, a food-storing hibernator. 26774183 3 60 theme food-storing 564:575 arg1 burrow 556:561 a burrow 554:561 a burrow (food-storing species) 554:584 Although most of the species involved do not feed during hibernation and rely on body reserves to fulfil energy requirements (fat-storing species), others hoard food in a burrow (food-storing species) and can feed during interbout euthermy. 26774183 3 60 theme food-storing 564:575 arg1 species 577:583 food-storing species 564:583 food-storing species 564:583 Although most of the species involved do not feed during hibernation and rely on body reserves to fulfil energy requirements (fat-storing species), others hoard food in a burrow (food-storing species) and can feed during interbout euthermy. 26774183 2 61 theme critical 345:352 arg1 functions 354:362 critical functions 345:362 critical functions requiring euthermia 345:382 Individuals arise periodically from torpor to restore critical functions requiring euthermia. 26774183 0 62 theme system 44:49 arg1 Maintenance 0:10 Maintenance 0:10 Maintenance of a fully functional digestive system during hibernation in the European hamster 0:92 Maintenance of a fully functional digestive system during hibernation in the European hamster, a food-storing hibernator. 26774183 0 62 theme system 44:49 arg1 hibernator 110:119 a food-storing hibernator 95:119 a food-storing hibernator 95:119 Maintenance of a fully functional digestive system during hibernation in the European hamster, a food-storing hibernator. 26774183 12 63 theme glucose 1822:1828 arg1 rate 1837:1840 glucose uptake rate 1822:1840 glucose uptake rate 1822:1840 In particular, glucose uptake rate is increased during hibernation to restore glycaemia and ensure glucose-dependent pathways. 26774183 11 64 theme species 1692:1698 arg1 capacities 1665:1674 the intestinal absorption capacities 1639:1674 the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species 1639:1698 In contrast with fat-storing species, the intestinal absorption capacities of food-storing species are fully maintained during hibernation to optimize nutrient assimilation during short interbout euthermy. 26774183 7 65 theme closed 1290:1295 arg1 loop 1308:1311 a closed intestinal loop 1288:1311 a closed intestinal loop 1288:1311 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 4 66 theme tract 696:700 arg1 atrophy 671:677 a marked atrophy 662:677 a marked atrophy of the digestive tract 662:700 Whereas fat-storing species undergo a marked atrophy of the digestive tract, food-storing species have to maintain a functional digestive system during hibernation. 26774183 6 67 theme In 923:924 arg1 perfusions 942:951 In vivo intestinal perfusions 923:951 In vivo intestinal perfusions 923:951 In vivo intestinal perfusions were conducted in different groups of hamsters (n=5) during the different life periods, namely before hibernation, in torpor, during interbout euthermy, and during summer rest. 26774183 7 68 theme perfusate 1227:1235 arg1 composition 1208:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition 1130:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate 1130:1235 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 8 69 theme protein 1339:1345 arg1 rates 1358:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates 1314:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates 1314:1362 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 3 70 theme interbout 606:614 arg1 euthermy 616:623 interbout euthermy 606:623 interbout euthermy 606:623 Although most of the species involved do not feed during hibernation and rely on body reserves to fulfil energy requirements (fat-storing species), others hoard food in a burrow (food-storing species) and can feed during interbout euthermy. 26774183 1 71 theme small 127:131 arg1 mammals 133:139 Some small mammals 122:139 Some small mammals 122:139 Some small mammals limit energy expenditure during winter conditions through torpor bouts, which are characterized by a decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate. 26774183 8 72 dep hibernating 1380:1390 arg1 hamsters 1435:1442 hamsters 1435:1442 hamsters 1435:1442 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 8 72 dep hibernating 1380:1390 arg1 euthermic 1404:1412 euthermic 1404:1412 euthermic 1404:1412 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 8 72 dep hibernating 1380:1390 arg1 torpid 1393:1398 torpid 1393:1398 torpid 1393:1398 Triglyceride, starch and protein hydrolysis rates were similar in hibernating (torpid and euthermic) and non-hibernating hamsters. 26774183 7 73 theme glucose 1188:1194 arg1 composition 1208:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition 1130:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate 1130:1235 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 9 74 theme Intestinal 1445:1454 arg1 absorption 1456:1465 Intestinal absorption 1445:1465 Intestinal absorption of free fatty acid 1445:1484 Intestinal absorption of free fatty acid was also similar in all groups. 26774183 7 75 theme intestinal 1297:1306 arg1 loop 1308:1311 a closed intestinal loop 1288:1311 a closed intestinal loop 1288:1311 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 1 76 theme torpor 199:204 arg1 bouts 206:210 torpor bouts 199:210 torpor bouts 199:210 Some small mammals limit energy expenditure during winter conditions through torpor bouts, which are characterized by a decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate. 26774183 5 77 theme European 876:883 arg1 species 863:869 a food-storing species 848:869 a food-storing species 848:869 Our study aimed to evaluate the absorption capacities of a food-storing species, the European hamster, throughout the annual cycle. 26774183 5 77 theme European 876:883 arg1 hamster 885:891 the European hamster 872:891 the European hamster 872:891 Our study aimed to evaluate the absorption capacities of a food-storing species, the European hamster, throughout the annual cycle. 26774183 5 78 theme species 863:869 arg1 capacities 834:843 the absorption capacities 819:843 the absorption capacities of a food-storing species, the European hamster, throughout the annual cycle 819:920 Our study aimed to evaluate the absorption capacities of a food-storing species, the European hamster, throughout the annual cycle. 26774183 7 79 theme free 1163:1166 arg1 acid 1174:1177 non-esterified free fatty acid 1148:1177 non-esterified free fatty acid 1148:1177 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 7 80 theme triglyceride 1134:1145 arg1 composition 1208:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition 1130:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate 1130:1235 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26774183 7 81 theme protein 1200:1206 arg1 composition 1208:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition 1130:1218 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate 1130:1235 The triglyceride, non-esterified free fatty acid, starch, glucose and protein composition of the perfusate was evaluated before and after the 1h perfusion of a closed intestinal loop. 26475440 15 0 theme fermentum 1714:1722 arg1 comb 1724:1727 Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb 1700:1727 Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb 1700:1727 Based on the present study, it is also suggested to transfer Amphibacillus fermentum to this new genus, as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 15 0 theme fermentum 1714:1722 arg1 it 1621:1622 it 1621:1622 it 1621:1622 Based on the present study, it is also suggested to transfer Amphibacillus fermentum to this new genus, as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 11 1 dep anteiso-C15  1133:1144 arg1 C16  1150:1153 C16  1150:1153 C16  1150:1153 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 11 1 dep anteiso-C15  1133:1144 arg1  0 1171:1172  0 1171:1172  0 1171:1172 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 11 1 dep anteiso-C15  1133:1144 arg1 iso-C15  1162:1169 iso-C15  1162:1169 iso-C15  1162:1169 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 11 1 dep anteiso-C15  1133:1144 arg1  0 1155:1156  0 1155:1156  0 1155:1156 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 11 2 theme acid 1105:1108 arg1 analysis 1110:1117 Fatty acid analysis 1099:1117 Fatty acid analysis 1099:1117 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 5 3 theme fermentum 540:548 arg1 similarity 578:587 97.6 % sequence similarity 562:587 97.6 % sequence similarity 562:587 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 5 3 theme fermentum 540:548 arg1 DSM 550:552 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T 526:559 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity) 526:588 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 17 4 theme DSM 1792:1794 arg1 Z-7984T =  1781:1790 Z-7984T =  1781:1790 Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T) 1781:1816 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus fermentum is Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T). 26475440 17 4 theme DSM 1792:1794 arg1 210T 1812:1815 DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T 1792:1815 DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T 1792:1815 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus fermentum is Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T). 26475440 7 5 theme Amphibacillus 851:863 arg1 13869T 879:884 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T 851:884 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T 851:884 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain S5T and Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T was 39 %. 26475440 17 6 theme fermentum 1768:1776 arg1 Z-7984T =  1781:1790 Z-7984T =  1781:1790 Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T) 1781:1816 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus fermentum is Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T). 26475440 17 6 theme fermentum 1768:1776 arg1 strain 1744:1749 The type strain 1735:1749 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus fermentum 1735:1776 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus fermentum is Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T). 26475440 10 7 theme strain 1087:1092 arg1 S5T 1094:1096 strain S5T 1087:1096 strain S5T 1087:1096 Isoprenoid quinones were absent from strain S5T. 26475440 7 8 dep Amphibacillus 851:863 arg1 fermentum 865:873 fermentum 865:873 fermentum 865:873 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain S5T and Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T was 39 %. 26475440 1 9 theme fermentum 166:174 arg1 bacterium 88:96 an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium 50:96 an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment 50:125 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 1 9 theme fermentum 166:174 arg1 reclassification 132:147 reclassification 132:147 reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb 132:206 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 1 9 theme fermentum 166:174 arg1 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 7 10 theme strain 836:841 arg1 S5T 843:845 strain S5T 836:845 strain S5T 836:845 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain S5T and Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T was 39 %. 26475440 12 11 from Bacillaceae 1409:1419 arg1 species 1372:1378 a novel species 1364:1378 a novel species 1364:1378 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 3 12 theme novel 216:220 arg1 strain 232:237 A novel bacterial strain 214:237 A novel bacterial strain 214:237 A novel bacterial strain, designated S5T, was isolated from Pingaleshwar beach, in India. 26475440 6 13 dep similarity 645:654 arg1 % 620:620 % 620:620 % 620:620 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 6 14 theme type 700:703 arg1 15112T 688:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 6 14 theme type 700:703 arg1 species 705:711 the type species 696:711 the type species of the genus 696:724 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 11 15 theme predominant 1183:1193 arg1 acids 1201:1205 the predominant fatty acids 1179:1205 the predominant fatty acids present 1179:1213 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 11 15 theme predominant 1183:1193 arg1 anteiso-C15  1133:1144 anteiso-C15  1133:1144 anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1133:1172 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 14 16 theme alkalitolerans 1536:1549 arg1 S5T 1554:1556 S5T 1554:1556 S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T) 1554:1590 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans is S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T). 26475440 14 16 theme alkalitolerans 1536:1549 arg1 strain 1512:1517 The type strain 1503:1517 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans 1503:1549 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans is S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T). 26475440 3 17 theme bacterial 222:230 arg1 strain 232:237 A novel bacterial strain 214:237 A novel bacterial strain 214:237 A novel bacterial strain, designated S5T, was isolated from Pingaleshwar beach, in India. 26475440 14 18 theme type 1507:1510 arg1 S5T 1554:1556 S5T 1554:1556 S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T) 1554:1590 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans is S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T). 26475440 14 18 theme type 1507:1510 arg1 strain 1512:1517 The type strain 1503:1517 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans 1503:1549 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans is S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T). 26475440 17 19 theme 13869T = UNIQEM 1796:1810 arg1 Z-7984T =  1781:1790 Z-7984T =  1781:1790 Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T) 1781:1816 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus fermentum is Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T). 26475440 17 19 theme 13869T = UNIQEM 1796:1810 arg1 210T 1812:1815 DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T 1792:1815 DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T 1792:1815 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus fermentum is Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T). 26475440 12 20 from genus 1389:1393 arg1 Bacillaceae 1409:1419 the family Bacillaceae 1398:1419 the family Bacillaceae 1398:1419 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 7 21 theme DNA-DNA 808:814 arg1 relatedness 816:826 The DNA-DNA relatedness 804:826 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain S5T and Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T 804:884 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain S5T and Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T was 39 %. 26475440 7 21 theme DNA-DNA 808:814 arg1 % 893:893 39 % 890:893 39 % 890:893 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain S5T and Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T was 39 %. 26475440 1 22 theme alkali-tolerant 53:67 arg1 bacterium 88:96 an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium 50:96 an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment 50:125 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 1 22 theme alkali-tolerant 53:67 arg1 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 12 23 theme S5T 1326:1328 arg1 differentiation 1300:1314 the clear differentiation 1290:1314 the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp 1290:1482 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 5 24 theme % 567:567 arg1 similarity 578:587 97.6 % sequence similarity 562:587 97.6 % sequence similarity 562:587 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 5 24 theme % 567:567 arg1 DSM 550:552 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T 526:559 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity) 526:588 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 12 25 theme new 1385:1387 arg1 genus 1389:1393 a new genus 1383:1393 a new genus in the family Bacillaceae 1383:1419 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 1 26 theme Pelagirhabdus 179:191 arg1 comb 203:206 Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb 179:206 Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb 179:206 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 12 27 theme family 1402:1407 arg1 Bacillaceae 1409:1419 the family Bacillaceae 1398:1419 the family Bacillaceae 1398:1419 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 5 28 theme sequence 569:576 arg1 similarity 578:587 97.6 % sequence similarity 562:587 97.6 % sequence similarity 562:587 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 5 28 theme sequence 569:576 arg1 DSM 550:552 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T 526:559 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity) 526:588 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 1 29 theme thermotolerant 73:86 arg1 bacterium 88:96 an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium 50:96 an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment 50:125 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 1 29 theme thermotolerant 73:86 arg1 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 6 30 theme NBRC 683:686 arg1 15112T 688:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 6 30 theme NBRC 683:686 arg1 species 705:711 the type species 696:711 the type species of the genus 696:724 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 8 31 contain contained 924:932 arg1 peptidoglycan 910:922 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 896:922 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 896:922 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26475440 8 31 contain contained 924:932 arg2 acid 954:957 meso-diaminopimelic acid 934:957 meso-diaminopimelic acid 934:957 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26475440 11 32 theme fatty 1195:1199 arg1 acids 1201:1205 the predominant fatty acids 1179:1205 the predominant fatty acids present 1179:1213 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 11 32 theme fatty 1195:1199 arg1 anteiso-C15  1133:1144 anteiso-C15  1133:1144 anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1133:1172 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 6 33 theme xylanus 675:681 arg1 15112T 688:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 6 33 theme xylanus 675:681 arg1 species 705:711 the type species 696:711 the type species of the genus 696:724 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 12 34 theme name 1436:1439 arg1 Pelagirhabdus 1441:1453 the name Pelagirhabdus 1432:1453 the name Pelagirhabdus 1432:1453 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 9 35 theme Polar 960:964 arg1 lipids 966:971 Polar lipids 960:971 Polar lipids 960:971 Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two phospholipids. 26475440 6 36 theme strain 743:748 arg1 member 769:774 a member 767:774 a member of the genus Amphibacillus 767:801 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 6 36 theme strain 743:748 arg1 S5T 750:752 strain S5T 743:752 strain S5T 743:752 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 12 37 theme clear 1294:1298 arg1 differentiation 1300:1314 the clear differentiation 1290:1314 the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp 1290:1482 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 6 38 theme Amphibacillus 661:673 arg1 15112T 688:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 6 38 theme Amphibacillus 661:673 arg1 species 705:711 the type species 696:711 the type species of the genus 696:724 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 0 39 theme gen. 29:32 arg1 sp 40:41 sp 40:41 sp 40:41 Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 0 39 theme gen. 29:32 arg1 nov. 34:37 gen. nov. 29:37 gen. nov. 29:37 Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 12 40 theme genus 1389:1393 arg1 species 1372:1378 a novel species 1364:1378 a novel species 1364:1378 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 12 41 theme novel 1366:1370 arg1 species 1372:1378 a novel species 1364:1378 a novel species 1364:1378 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 5 42 theme class 474:478 arg1 Firmibacteria 480:492 the class Firmibacteria 470:492 the class Firmibacteria 470:492 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 12 43 theme chemotaxonomic 1245:1258 arg1 tests 1276:1280 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1231:1280 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1231:1280 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 12 44 theme biochemical 1264:1274 arg1 tests 1276:1280 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1231:1280 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1231:1280 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 12 45 theme gen. 1470:1473 arg1 sp 1481:1482 sp 1481:1482 sp 1481:1482 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 12 45 theme gen. 1470:1473 arg1 nov. 1475:1478 gen. nov. 1470:1478 gen. nov. 1470:1478 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 12 46 theme tests 1276:1280 arg1 results 1220:1226 The results 1216:1226 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1216:1280 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 17 47 theme type 1739:1742 arg1 Z-7984T =  1781:1790 Z-7984T =  1781:1790 Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T) 1781:1816 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus fermentum is Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T). 26475440 17 47 theme type 1739:1742 arg1 strain 1744:1749 The type strain 1735:1749 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus fermentum 1735:1776 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus fermentum is Z-7984T = (DSM 13869T = UNIQEM 210T). 26475440 7 48 theme DSM 875:877 arg1 13869T 879:884 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T 851:884 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T 851:884 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain S5T and Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T was 39 %. 26475440 11 49 theme Fatty 1099:1103 arg1 acid 1105:1108 Fatty acid 1099:1108 Fatty acid analysis 1099:1117 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 15 50 theme Pelagirhabdus 1700:1712 arg1 comb 1724:1727 Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb 1700:1727 Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb 1700:1727 Based on the present study, it is also suggested to transfer Amphibacillus fermentum to this new genus, as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 15 50 theme Pelagirhabdus 1700:1712 arg1 it 1621:1622 it 1621:1622 it 1621:1622 Based on the present study, it is also suggested to transfer Amphibacillus fermentum to this new genus, as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 11 51 theme present 1207:1213 arg1 acids 1201:1205 the predominant fatty acids 1179:1205 the predominant fatty acids present 1179:1213 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 11 51 theme present 1207:1213 arg1 anteiso-C15  1133:1144 anteiso-C15  1133:1144 anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1133:1172 Fatty acid analysis revealed that anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids present. 26475440 8 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 934:952 arg1 acid 954:957 meso-diaminopimelic acid 934:957 meso-diaminopimelic acid 934:957 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26475440 3 53 attach isolated 260:267 arg1 beach 287:291 beach 287:291 beach 287:291 A novel bacterial strain, designated S5T, was isolated from Pingaleshwar beach, in India. 26475440 3 53 attach isolated 260:267 arg2 strain 232:237 A novel bacterial strain 214:237 A novel bacterial strain 214:237 A novel bacterial strain, designated S5T, was isolated from Pingaleshwar beach, in India. 26475440 14 54 theme 33632T = CGMCC 1567:1580 arg1 S5T 1554:1556 S5T 1554:1556 S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T) 1554:1590 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans is S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T). 26475440 14 54 theme 33632T = CGMCC 1567:1580 arg1 1.15177T 1582:1589  = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T 1559:1589  = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T 1559:1589 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans is S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T). 26475440 1 55 theme beach 112:116 arg1 sediment 118:125 beach sediment 112:125 beach sediment 112:125 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 6 56 with similarity 645:654 arg1 15112T 688:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 6 56 with similarity 645:654 arg1 species 705:711 the type species 696:711 the type species of the genus 696:724 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 1 57 dep Pelagirhabdus 179:191 arg1 fermentum 193:201 fermentum 193:201 fermentum 193:201 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 6 58 dep % 620:620 arg1 93.1  615:619 93.1  615:619 93.1  615:619 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 14 59 theme  = KCTC 1559:1565 arg1 S5T 1554:1556 S5T 1554:1556 S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T) 1554:1590 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans is S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T). 26475440 14 59 theme  = KCTC 1559:1565 arg1 1.15177T 1582:1589  = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T 1559:1589  = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T 1559:1589 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans is S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T). 26475440 6 60 theme sequence 636:643 arg1 similarity 645:654 only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 610:654 only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus 610:724 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 1 61 attach isolated 98:105 arg2 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 1 61 attach isolated 98:105 arg2 bacterium 88:96 an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium 50:96 an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment 50:125 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 1 61 attach isolated 98:105 arg1 sediment 118:125 beach sediment 112:125 beach sediment 112:125 nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 14 62 theme Pelagirhabdus 1522:1534 arg1 alkalitolerans 1536:1549 Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans 1522:1549 Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans 1522:1549 The type strain of Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans is S5T ( = KCTC 33632T = CGMCC 1.15177T). 26475440 6 63 theme Amphibacillus 789:801 arg1 member 769:774 a member 767:774 a member of the genus Amphibacillus 767:801 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 6 63 theme Amphibacillus 789:801 arg1 S5T 750:752 strain S5T 743:752 strain S5T 743:752 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 12 64 theme strain 1319:1324 arg1 S5T 1326:1328 strain S5T 1319:1328 strain S5T 1319:1328 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 6 65 theme genus 720:724 arg1 15112T 688:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T 661:693 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 6 65 theme genus 720:724 arg1 species 705:711 the type species 696:711 the type species of the genus 696:724 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 6 66 theme gene 631:634 arg1 similarity 645:654 only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 610:654 only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus 610:724 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 5 67 theme 16S 395:397 arg1 analysis 418:425 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 395:425 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 395:425 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 15 68 theme present 1606:1612 arg1 study 1614:1618 the present study 1602:1618 the present study 1602:1618 Based on the present study, it is also suggested to transfer Amphibacillus fermentum to this new genus, as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 6 69 theme genus 783:787 arg1 Amphibacillus 789:801 the genus Amphibacillus 779:801 the genus Amphibacillus 779:801 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 12 70 from species 1372:1378 arg1 Bacillaceae 1409:1419 the family Bacillaceae 1398:1419 the family Bacillaceae 1398:1419 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 12 71 theme phylogenetic 1231:1242 arg1 tests 1276:1280 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1231:1280 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1231:1280 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strain S5T, which is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. 26475440 6 72 theme rRNA 626:629 arg1 similarity 645:654 only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 610:654 only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus 610:724 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 5 73 theme rRNA 399:402 arg1 analysis 418:425 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 395:425 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 395:425 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 10 74 theme Isoprenoid 1050:1059 arg1 quinones 1061:1068 Isoprenoid quinones 1050:1068 Isoprenoid quinones 1050:1068 Isoprenoid quinones were absent from strain S5T. 26475440 8 75 theme cell-wall 900:908 arg1 peptidoglycan 910:922 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 896:922 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 896:922 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26475440 6 76 theme 16S 622:624 arg1 similarity 645:654 only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 610:654 only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus 610:724 However, it shared only 93.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amphibacillus xylanus NBRC 15112T, the type species of the genus, indicating that strain S5T might not be a member of the genus Amphibacillus. 26475440 5 77 theme gene 404:407 arg1 analysis 418:425 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 395:425 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 395:425 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 10 78 from S5T 1094:1096 arg1 absent 1075:1080 absent 1075:1080 absent 1075:1080 Isoprenoid quinones were absent from strain S5T. 26475440 5 79 theme Amphibacillus 526:538 arg1 similarity 578:587 97.6 % sequence similarity 562:587 97.6 % sequence similarity 562:587 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 5 79 theme Amphibacillus 526:538 arg1 DSM 550:552 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T 526:559 Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity) 526:588 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 26475440 15 80 theme new 1686:1688 arg1 genus 1690:1694 this new genus 1681:1694 this new genus 1681:1694 Based on the present study, it is also suggested to transfer Amphibacillus fermentum to this new genus, as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. 26475440 5 81 theme sequence 409:416 arg1 analysis 418:425 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 395:425 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 395:425 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was related most closely to Amphibacillus fermentum DSM 13869T (97.6 % sequence similarity). 25428206 6 0 dep CONCLUSIONS 966:976 arg1 supports 1054:1061 supports 1054:1061 supports 1054:1061 CONCLUSIONS The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports was described. 25428206 6 0 dep CONCLUSIONS 966:976 arg1 effect 1003:1008 The sustained antifungal effect 978:1008 CONCLUSIONS The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports 966:1061 CONCLUSIONS The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports was described. 25428206 2 1 theme EOCs 334:337 arg1 volatility 320:329 the volatility 316:329 the volatility of EOCs 316:337 Strategies used for controlling the volatility of EOCs include encapsulation or loading into porous materials. 25428206 5 2 theme natural 943:949 arg1 preservatives 951:963 natural preservatives 943:963 natural preservatives 943:963 In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. 25428206 5 2 theme natural 943:949 arg1 applicability 912:924 better applicability 905:924 better applicability of these EOCs 905:938 In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. 25428206 6 3 theme sustained 982:990 arg1 effect 1003:1008 The sustained antifungal effect 978:1008 CONCLUSIONS The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports 966:1061 CONCLUSIONS The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports was described. 25428206 0 4 theme silica 89:94 arg1 mesoporous 96:105 silica mesoporous 89:105 silica mesoporous 89:105 Antifungal effect of essential oil components against Aspergillus niger when loaded into silica mesoporous supports. 25428206 4 5 theme pure 751:754 arg1 EOCs 777:780 the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs 747:780 the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs 747:780 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 1 6 theme antimicrobial 262:274 arg1 agents 276:281 antimicrobial agents 262:281 antimicrobial agents 262:281 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) are known for their antifungal properties; however, their high volatility limits their application as antimicrobial agents. 25428206 4 7 theme enhanced 699:706 arg1 properties 719:728 remarkable enhanced antifungal properties 688:728 remarkable enhanced antifungal properties 688:728 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 3 8 theme fungus 526:531 arg1 niger 545:549 the fungus Aspergillus niger 522:549 the fungus Aspergillus niger 522:549 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 5 9 theme better 905:910 arg1 preservatives 951:963 natural preservatives 943:963 natural preservatives 943:963 In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. 25428206 5 9 theme better 905:910 arg1 applicability 912:924 better applicability 905:924 better applicability of these EOCs 905:938 In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. 25428206 4 10 theme Matter 655:660 arg1 No. 662:664 Matter No. 41 655:667 Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) 655:676 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 4 10 theme Matter 655:660 arg1 MCM-41 670:675 MCM-41 670:675 MCM-41 670:675 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 0 11 theme components 35:44 arg1 effect 11:16 Antifungal effect 0:16 Antifungal effect of essential oil components against Aspergillus niger 0:70 Antifungal effect of essential oil components against Aspergillus niger when loaded into silica mesoporous supports. 25428206 3 12 theme Aspergillus 533:543 arg1 niger 545:549 the fungus Aspergillus niger 522:549 the fungus Aspergillus niger 522:549 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 13 theme selected 452:459 arg1 eugenol 494:500 eugenol 494:500 eugenol 494:500 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 13 theme selected 452:459 arg1 cinnamaldehyde 478:491 cinnamaldehyde 478:491 cinnamaldehyde 478:491 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 13 theme selected 452:459 arg1 carvacrol 467:475 carvacrol 467:475 carvacrol 467:475 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 13 theme selected 452:459 arg1 thymol 506:511 thymol 506:511 thymol 506:511 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 13 theme selected 452:459 arg1 EOCs 461:464 selected EOCs 452:464 selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) 452:512 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 14 dep in 420:421 arg1 vitro 423:427 vitro 423:427 vitro 423:427 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 15 theme antifungal 429:438 arg1 activity 440:447 the in vitro antifungal activity 416:447 the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger 416:549 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 0 16 theme Antifungal 0:9 arg1 effect 11:16 Antifungal effect 0:16 Antifungal effect of essential oil components against Aspergillus niger 0:70 Antifungal effect of essential oil components against Aspergillus niger when loaded into silica mesoporous supports. 25428206 1 17 theme antifungal 180:189 arg1 properties 191:200 their antifungal properties 174:200 their antifungal properties 174:200 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) are known for their antifungal properties; however, their high volatility limits their application as antimicrobial agents. 25428206 0 18 theme essential 21:29 arg1 components 35:44 essential oil components 21:44 essential oil components 21:44 Antifungal effect of essential oil components against Aspergillus niger when loaded into silica mesoporous supports. 25428206 5 19 theme EOCs 935:938 arg1 preservatives 951:963 natural preservatives 943:963 natural preservatives 943:963 In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. 25428206 5 19 theme EOCs 935:938 arg1 applicability 912:924 better applicability 905:924 better applicability of these EOCs 905:938 In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. 25428206 4 20 from thymol 624:629 arg1 Composition 640:650 Mobil Composition 634:650 Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) 634:676 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 3 21 theme in 420:421 arg1 activity 440:447 the in vitro antifungal activity 416:447 the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger 416:549 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 4 22 theme remarkable 688:697 arg1 properties 719:728 remarkable enhanced antifungal properties 688:728 remarkable enhanced antifungal properties 688:728 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 4 23 theme No. 662:664 arg1 Composition 640:650 Mobil Composition 634:650 Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) 634:676 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 3 24 theme EOCs 461:464 arg1 activity 440:447 the in vitro antifungal activity 416:447 the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger 416:549 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 0 25 theme oil 31:33 arg1 components 35:44 essential oil components 21:44 essential oil components 21:44 Antifungal effect of essential oil components against Aspergillus niger when loaded into silica mesoporous supports. 25428206 6 26 theme antifungal 992:1001 arg1 effect 1003:1008 The sustained antifungal effect 978:1008 CONCLUSIONS The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports 966:1061 CONCLUSIONS The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports was described. 25428206 4 27 theme Mobil 634:638 arg1 Composition 640:650 Mobil Composition 634:650 Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) 634:676 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 0 28 theme Aspergillus 54:64 arg1 niger 66:70 Aspergillus niger 54:70 Aspergillus niger 54:70 Antifungal effect of essential oil components against Aspergillus niger when loaded into silica mesoporous supports. 25428206 6 29 theme silica 1036:1041 arg1 mesoporous 1043:1052 silica mesoporous 1036:1052 silica mesoporous 1036:1052 CONCLUSIONS The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports was described. 25428206 1 30 theme BACKGROUND 117:126 arg1 EOCs 154:157 EOCs 154:157 EOCs 154:157 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) are known for their antifungal properties; however, their high volatility limits their application as antimicrobial agents. 25428206 1 30 theme BACKGROUND 117:126 arg1 components 142:151 BACKGROUND Essential oil components 117:151 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) 117:158 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) are known for their antifungal properties; however, their high volatility limits their application as antimicrobial agents. 25428206 5 31 from able 818:821 arg1 fact 786:789 fact 786:789 fact 786:789 In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. 25428206 1 32 theme Essential 128:136 arg1 EOCs 154:157 EOCs 154:157 EOCs 154:157 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) are known for their antifungal properties; however, their high volatility limits their application as antimicrobial agents. 25428206 1 32 theme Essential 128:136 arg1 components 142:151 BACKGROUND Essential oil components 117:151 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) 117:158 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) are known for their antifungal properties; however, their high volatility limits their application as antimicrobial agents. 25428206 3 33 dep EOCs 461:464 arg1 eugenol 494:500 eugenol 494:500 eugenol 494:500 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 33 dep EOCs 461:464 arg1 cinnamaldehyde 478:491 cinnamaldehyde 478:491 cinnamaldehyde 478:491 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 33 dep EOCs 461:464 arg1 carvacrol 467:475 carvacrol 467:475 carvacrol 467:475 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 33 dep EOCs 461:464 arg1 EOCs 461:464 selected EOCs 452:464 selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) 452:512 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 3 33 dep EOCs 461:464 arg1 thymol 506:511 thymol 506:511 thymol 506:511 This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 25428206 1 34 theme oil 138:140 arg1 EOCs 154:157 EOCs 154:157 EOCs 154:157 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) are known for their antifungal properties; however, their high volatility limits their application as antimicrobial agents. 25428206 1 34 theme oil 138:140 arg1 components 142:151 BACKGROUND Essential oil components 117:151 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) 117:158 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) are known for their antifungal properties; however, their high volatility limits their application as antimicrobial agents. 25428206 5 35 theme fungal 867:872 arg1 growth 874:879 fungal growth 867:879 fungal growth for 30 days 867:891 In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. 25428206 4 36 theme β-CD-encapsulated 759:775 arg1 EOCs 777:780 the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs 747:780 the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs 747:780 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 4 37 dep RESULTS 602:608 arg1 displayed 678:686 displayed 678:686 displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs 678:780 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 4 38 theme antifungal 708:717 arg1 properties 719:728 remarkable enhanced antifungal properties 688:728 remarkable enhanced antifungal properties 688:728 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 1 39 theme high 218:221 arg1 volatility 223:232 their high volatility 212:232 their high volatility 212:232 BACKGROUND Essential oil components (EOCs) are known for their antifungal properties; however, their high volatility limits their application as antimicrobial agents. 25428206 5 40 theme antifungal 835:844 arg1 activity 846:853 antifungal activity 835:853 antifungal activity 835:853 In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. 25428206 2 41 theme porous 377:382 arg1 materials 384:392 porous materials 377:392 porous materials 377:392 Strategies used for controlling the volatility of EOCs include encapsulation or loading into porous materials. 25428206 6 42 theme EOCs 1013:1016 arg1 effect 1003:1008 The sustained antifungal effect 978:1008 CONCLUSIONS The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports 966:1061 CONCLUSIONS The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports was described. 25428206 4 43 from Carvacrol 610:618 arg1 Composition 640:650 Mobil Composition 634:650 Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) 634:676 RESULTS Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. 25428206 5 44 from fact 786:789 arg1 able 818:821 able 818:821 able 818:821 In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. 25358511 4 0 theme gene 399:402 arg1 sequences 404:412 16S rRNA gene sequences 390:412 16S rRNA gene sequences 390:412 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 9 1 theme novel 1304:1308 arg1 species 1310:1316 a novel species 1302:1316 a novel species 1302:1316 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 9 2 theme phenotypic 1211:1220 arg1 properties 1222:1231 many phenotypic properties 1206:1231 many phenotypic properties 1206:1231 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 2 3 theme non-motile 117:126 arg1 actinobacterium 152:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium 94:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium 94:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 11 4 theme AB 1448:1449 arg1 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 11 4 theme AB 1448:1449 arg1 28237 1468:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237 1439:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T) 1439:1475 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 2 5 dep Province 256:263 arg1 PR 266:267 PR 266:267 PR 266:267 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 9 6 theme many 1206:1209 arg1 properties 1222:1231 many phenotypic properties 1206:1231 many phenotypic properties 1206:1231 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 9 7 theme low 1100:1102 arg1 values 1124:1129 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values 1096:1129 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter 1096:1200 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 3 8 theme 3 328:328 arg1 % 330:330 % 330:330 % 330:330 The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 3 % NaCl (w/v). 25358511 5 9 theme predominant 747:757 arg1 quinone 771:777 the predominant respiratory quinone 743:777 the predominant respiratory quinone 743:777 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 5 9 theme predominant 747:757 arg1 0 694:694 0 694:694 0 694:694 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 4 10 theme % 488:488 arg1 similarity 499:508 98.4 % sequence similarity 483:508 98.4 % sequence similarity 483:508 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 4 10 theme % 488:488 arg1 woluwensis 471:480 Arthrobacter woluwensis 458:480 Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity) 458:509 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 9 11 theme DNA-DNA 1104:1110 arg1 values 1124:1129 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values 1096:1129 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter 1096:1200 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 5 12 theme respiratory 759:769 arg1 quinone 771:777 the predominant respiratory quinone 743:777 the predominant respiratory quinone 743:777 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 5 12 theme respiratory 759:769 arg1 0 694:694 0 694:694 0 694:694 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 9 13 theme relatedness 1112:1122 arg1 values 1124:1129 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values 1096:1129 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter 1096:1200 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 7 14 theme peptidoglycan 934:946 arg1 A3α 957:959 A3α 957:959 A3α 957:959 Cell-wall analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α, based on l-lysine-l-alanine; the cell-wall sugars were galactose and mannose. 25358511 7 14 theme peptidoglycan 934:946 arg1 type 948:951 the peptidoglycan type 930:951 the peptidoglycan type 930:951 Cell-wall analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α, based on l-lysine-l-alanine; the cell-wall sugars were galactose and mannose. 25358511 9 15 theme A33 1272:1274 arg1 classification 1247:1260 the classification 1243:1260 the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp 1243:1391 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 9 16 theme genus 1325:1329 arg1 Arthrobacter 1331:1342 the genus Arthrobacter 1321:1342 the genus Arthrobacter 1321:1342 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 8 17 theme A33 1074:1076 arg1 % 1093:1093 66.8 mol% 1085:1093 66.8 mol% 1085:1093 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) was 66.8 mol%. 25358511 8 17 theme A33 1074:1076 arg1 content 1056:1062 The genomic G+C content 1040:1062 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) 1040:1079 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) was 66.8 mol%. 25358511 2 18 theme coccoid-shaped 137:150 arg1 actinobacterium 152:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium 94:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium 94:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 1 19 theme forest 81:86 arg1 soil 88:91 forest soil 81:91 forest soil 81:91 nov., a mineral-weathering bacterium isolated from forest soil. 25358511 8 20 theme strain 1067:1072 arg1 T 1078:1078 T 1078:1078 T 1078:1078 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) was 66.8 mol%. 25358511 8 20 theme strain 1067:1072 arg1 A33 1074:1076 strain A33 1067:1076 strain A33(T) 1067:1079 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) was 66.8 mol%. 25358511 0 21 theme nanjingensis 13:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp 0:27 Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 0:28 Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 4 22 theme 16S 390:392 arg1 sequences 404:412 16S rRNA gene sequences 390:412 16S rRNA gene sequences 390:412 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 4 23 theme Arthrobacter 544:555 arg1 globiformis 557:567 Arthrobacter globiformis 544:567 Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %) 544:576 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 4 23 theme Arthrobacter 544:555 arg1 % 575:575 97.4 % 570:575 97.4 % 570:575 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 0 24 theme Arthrobacter 0:11 arg1 sp 26:27 Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp 0:27 Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 0:28 Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 9 25 theme strain 1139:1144 arg1 T 1150:1150 T 1150:1150 T 1150:1150 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 9 25 theme strain 1139:1144 arg1 A33 1146:1148 strain A33 1139:1148 strain A33(T) 1139:1151 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 5 26 theme cellular 654:661 arg1 anteiso-C15 680:690 anteiso-C15 680:690 anteiso-C15 680:690 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 5 26 theme cellular 654:661 arg1 acids 669:673 The major cellular fatty acids 644:673 The major cellular fatty acids 644:673 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 5 27 theme major 648:652 arg1 anteiso-C15 680:690 anteiso-C15 680:690 anteiso-C15 680:690 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 5 27 theme major 648:652 arg1 acids 669:673 The major cellular fatty acids 644:673 The major cellular fatty acids 644:673 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 9 28 theme name 1359:1362 arg1 sp 1390:1391 the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp 1355:1391 the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp 1355:1391 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 9 29 theme strain 1265:1270 arg1 A33 1272:1274 strain A33 1265:1274 strain A33(T) 1265:1277 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 9 29 theme strain 1265:1270 arg1 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 T 1276:1276 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 5 30 theme fatty 663:667 arg1 anteiso-C15 680:690 anteiso-C15 680:690 anteiso-C15 680:690 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 5 30 theme fatty 663:667 arg1 acids 669:673 The major cellular fatty acids 644:673 The major cellular fatty acids 644:673 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 11 31 theme  = 1439:1440 arg1 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 11 31 theme  = 1439:1440 arg1 28237 1468:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237 1439:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T) 1439:1475 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 9 32 theme species 1310:1316 arg1 representative 1284:1297 a representative 1282:1297 a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp 1282:1391 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 4 33 theme Arthrobacter 512:523 arg1 humicola 525:532 Arthrobacter humicola 512:532 Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %) 512:541 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 4 33 theme Arthrobacter 512:523 arg1 % 540:540 97.5 % 535:540 97.5 % 535:540 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 8 34 theme G+C 1052:1054 arg1 % 1093:1093 66.8 mol% 1085:1093 66.8 mol% 1085:1093 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) was 66.8 mol%. 25358511 8 34 theme G+C 1052:1054 arg1 content 1056:1062 The genomic G+C content 1040:1062 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) 1040:1079 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) was 66.8 mol%. 25358511 11 35 theme CCTCC 1442:1446 arg1 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 11 35 theme CCTCC 1442:1446 arg1 28237 1468:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237 1439:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T) 1439:1475 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 2 36 theme forest 215:220 arg1 soil 222:225 a forest soil 213:225 a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China 213:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 8 37 theme mol 1090:1092 arg1 % 1093:1093 66.8 mol% 1085:1093 66.8 mol% 1085:1093 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) was 66.8 mol%. 25358511 8 37 theme mol 1090:1092 arg1 content 1056:1062 The genomic G+C content 1040:1062 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) 1040:1079 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) was 66.8 mol%. 25358511 8 38 theme genomic 1044:1050 arg1 % 1093:1093 66.8 mol% 1085:1093 66.8 mol% 1085:1093 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) was 66.8 mol%. 25358511 8 38 theme genomic 1044:1050 arg1 content 1056:1062 The genomic G+C content 1040:1062 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) 1040:1079 The genomic G+C content of strain A33(T) was 66.8 mol%. 25358511 2 39 theme Gram-stain-positive 96:114 arg1 actinobacterium 152:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium 94:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium 94:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 7 40 theme Cell-wall 897:905 arg1 analysis 907:914 Cell-wall analysis 897:914 Cell-wall analysis 897:914 Cell-wall analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α, based on l-lysine-l-alanine; the cell-wall sugars were galactose and mannose. 25358511 2 41 theme strain 180:185 arg1 A33 187:189 strain A33 180:189 strain A33(T) 180:192 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 2 41 theme strain 180:185 arg1 T 191:191 T 191:191 T 191:191 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 7 42 theme cell-wall 995:1003 arg1 sugars 1005:1010 the cell-wall sugars 991:1010 the cell-wall sugars 991:1010 Cell-wall analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α, based on l-lysine-l-alanine; the cell-wall sugars were galactose and mannose. 25358511 7 42 theme cell-wall 995:1003 arg1 galactose 1017:1025 galactose 1017:1025 galactose 1017:1025 Cell-wall analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α, based on l-lysine-l-alanine; the cell-wall sugars were galactose and mannose. 25358511 3 43 theme % 330:330 arg1 NaCl 332:335 3 % NaCl 328:335 3 % NaCl (w/v) 328:341 The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 3 % NaCl (w/v). 25358511 3 43 theme % 330:330 arg1 w/v 338:340 w/v 338:340 w/v 338:340 The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 3 % NaCl (w/v). 25358511 11 44 dep A33 1431:1433 arg1 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 11 44 dep A33 1431:1433 arg1 28237 1468:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237 1439:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T) 1439:1475 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 4 45 theme strain 373:378 arg1 analysis 357:364 Phylogenetic analysis 344:364 Phylogenetic analysis 344:364 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 5 46 dep 0 694:694 arg1 iso-C15 717:723 iso-C15 717:723 iso-C15 717:723 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 5 46 dep 0 694:694 arg1 0 711:711 0 711:711 0 711:711 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 5 46 dep 0 694:694 arg1 MK-9 730:733 MK-9 730:733 MK-9 730:733 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 5 46 dep 0 694:694 arg1 H2 735:736 H2 735:736 H2 735:736 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25358511 4 47 theme rRNA 394:397 arg1 sequences 404:412 16S rRNA gene sequences 390:412 16S rRNA gene sequences 390:412 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 9 48 theme recognized 1157:1166 arg1 species 1168:1174 recognized species 1157:1174 recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter 1157:1200 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 11 49 theme type 1416:1419 arg1 A33 1431:1433 A33 1431:1433 A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)) 1431:1476 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 11 49 theme type 1416:1419 arg1 strain 1421:1426 The type strain 1412:1426 The type strain 1412:1426 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 1 50 theme mineral-weathering 38:55 arg1 bacterium 57:65 a mineral-weathering bacterium 36:65 a mineral-weathering bacterium 36:65 nov., a mineral-weathering bacterium isolated from forest soil. 25358511 1 50 theme mineral-weathering 38:55 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a mineral-weathering bacterium isolated from forest soil. 25358511 9 51 theme nanjingensis 1377:1388 arg1 sp 1390:1391 the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp 1355:1391 the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp 1355:1391 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 11 52 theme T 1459:1459 arg1 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 11 52 theme T 1459:1459 arg1 28237 1468:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237 1439:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T) 1439:1475 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 9 53 theme Arthrobacter 1364:1375 arg1 sp 1390:1391 the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp 1355:1391 the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp 1355:1391 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 6 54 theme polar 784:788 arg1 lipids 790:795 The polar lipids 780:795 The polar lipids 780:795 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and three glycolipids. 25358511 9 55 theme Arthrobacter 1331:1342 arg1 species 1310:1316 a novel species 1302:1316 a novel species 1302:1316 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 11 56 theme  = 1461:1462 arg1 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 11 56 theme  = 1461:1462 arg1 28237 1468:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237 1439:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T) 1439:1475 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 4 57 theme sequence 490:497 arg1 similarity 499:508 98.4 % sequence similarity 483:508 98.4 % sequence similarity 483:508 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 4 57 theme sequence 490:497 arg1 woluwensis 471:480 Arthrobacter woluwensis 458:480 Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity) 458:509 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 4 58 theme Phylogenetic 344:355 arg1 analysis 357:364 Phylogenetic analysis 344:364 Phylogenetic analysis 344:364 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that it was most closely related to Arthrobacter woluwensis (98.4 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter humicola (97.5 %), Arthrobacter globiformis (97.4 %), Arthrobacter oryzae (97.3 %) and Arthrobacter cupressi (97.0 %). 25358511 9 59 theme genus 1183:1187 arg1 Arthrobacter 1189:1200 the genus Arthrobacter 1179:1200 the genus Arthrobacter 1179:1200 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 2 60 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 sample 227:232 a forest soil sample 213:232 a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China 213:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 2 60 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 actinobacterium 152:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium 94:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium 94:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 2 61 theme rod- 129:132 arg1 actinobacterium 152:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium 94:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium 94:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 2 62 theme soil 222:225 arg1 sample 227:232 a forest soil sample 213:232 a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China 213:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 11 63 theme DSM 1464:1466 arg1 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 T 1474:1474 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 11 63 theme DSM 1464:1466 arg1 28237 1468:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237 1439:1472  = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T) 1439:1475 The type strain is A33(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014069(T) = DSM 28237(T)). 25358511 2 64 from China 269:273 arg1 sample 227:232 a forest soil sample 213:232 a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China 213:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain A33(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. 25358511 9 65 theme Arthrobacter 1189:1200 arg1 T 1150:1150 T 1150:1150 T 1150:1150 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 9 65 theme Arthrobacter 1189:1200 arg1 A33 1146:1148 strain A33 1139:1148 strain A33(T) 1139:1151 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25358511 9 65 theme Arthrobacter 1189:1200 arg1 species 1168:1174 recognized species 1157:1174 recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter 1157:1200 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A33(T) and recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter and many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain A33(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter nanjingensis sp. 25193716 2 0 theme Gram-positive 85:97 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 83:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 83:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 0 theme Gram-positive 85:97 arg1 A12 176:178 designated strain A12 158:178 designated strain A12(T) 158:181 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 6 1 theme lipid 536:540 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 554:577 phosphatidylethanolamine 554:577 phosphatidylethanolamine 554:577 The major polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol-methyl and phosphotidylinositol dimannosid. 25193716 6 1 theme lipid 536:540 arg1 profile 542:548 The major polar lipid profile 520:548 The major polar lipid profile 520:548 The major polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol-methyl and phosphotidylinositol dimannosid. 25193716 2 2 from samples 227:233 arg1 City 247:250 City 247:250 City 247:250 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 3 3 dep occurred 294:301 arg1 NaCl 432:435 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl 420:435 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl 420:435 Growth occurred in 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl]. 25193716 11 4 theme Jilinibacillus 1236:1249 arg1 nov. 1261:1264 the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1227:1264 the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1227:1264 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 7 5 theme fatty 727:731 arg1 acids 733:737 total fatty acids 721:737 total fatty acids 721:737 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. 25193716 4 6 attach present 452:458 arg2 Meso-DAP 439:446 Meso-DAP 439:446 Meso-DAP 439:446 Meso-DAP was present in the peptidoglycan. 25193716 4 6 attach present 452:458 arg1 peptidoglycan 467:479 the peptidoglycan 463:479 the peptidoglycan 463:479 Meso-DAP was present in the peptidoglycan. 25193716 11 7 theme novel 1187:1191 arg1 species 1193:1199 a novel species 1185:1199 a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp 1185:1268 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 13 8 theme =GIMN1.014 1341:1350 arg1 33417 1382:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417 1341:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T) 1341:1389 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 13 8 theme =GIMN1.014 1341:1350 arg1 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 0 9 dep sp 31:32 arg1 nov. 25:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 2 10 theme soil 222:225 arg1 samples 227:233 alkali soil samples 215:233 alkali soil samples 215:233 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 3 11 theme NaCl 405:408 arg1 [optimum 410:417 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 392:417 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 392:417 Growth occurred in 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl]. 25193716 8 12 theme G + C 763:767 arg1 content 769:775 DNA G + C content 759:775 DNA G + C content 759:775 DNA G + C content was 36.2 mol %. 25193716 10 13 theme Phylogenetic 923:934 arg1 analysis 936:943 Phylogenetic analysis 923:943 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data 923:980 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the strain A12(T) fell with the family Bacillaceae and formed a distinct taxon. 25193716 2 14 theme alkali 215:220 arg1 samples 227:233 alkali soil samples 215:233 alkali soil samples 215:233 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 3 15 theme w/v 400:402 arg1 NaCl 405:408 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 392:408 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 392:417 Growth occurred in 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl]. 25193716 6 16 theme polar 530:534 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 554:577 phosphatidylethanolamine 554:577 phosphatidylethanolamine 554:577 The major polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol-methyl and phosphotidylinositol dimannosid. 25193716 6 16 theme polar 530:534 arg1 profile 542:548 The major polar lipid profile 520:548 The major polar lipid profile 520:548 The major polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol-methyl and phosphotidylinositol dimannosid. 25193716 11 17 theme new 1206:1208 arg1 genus 1210:1214 a new genus 1204:1214 a new genus 1204:1214 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 6 18 theme phosphotidylinositol 657:676 arg1 dimannosid 678:687 phosphotidylinositol dimannosid 657:687 phosphotidylinositol dimannosid 657:687 The major polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol-methyl and phosphotidylinositol dimannosid. 25193716 1 19 theme novel 43:47 arg1 member 49:54 a novel member 41:54 a novel member of the family Bacillaceae 41:80 nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae. 25193716 1 19 theme novel 43:47 arg1 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae. 25193716 6 20 theme major 524:528 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 554:577 phosphatidylethanolamine 554:577 phosphatidylethanolamine 554:577 The major polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol-methyl and phosphotidylinositol dimannosid. 25193716 6 20 theme major 524:528 arg1 profile 542:548 The major polar lipid profile 520:548 The major polar lipid profile 520:548 The major polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol-methyl and phosphotidylinositol dimannosid. 25193716 3 21 dep optimum 316:322 arg1 30 °C 325:329 30 °C 325:329 30 °C 325:329 Growth occurred in 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl]. 25193716 3 22 theme % 397:397 arg1 NaCl 405:408 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 392:408 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 392:417 Growth occurred in 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl]. 25193716 4 23 from peptidoglycan 467:479 arg1 present 452:458 present 452:458 present 452:458 Meso-DAP was present in the peptidoglycan. 25193716 3 24 dep % 424:424 arg1 w/v 427:429 w/v 427:429 w/v 427:429 Growth occurred in 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl]. 25193716 0 25 theme soli 15:18 arg1 nov. 25:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 3 26 theme [optimum 410:417 arg1 presence 380:387 the presence 376:387 the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 376:417 Growth occurred in 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl]. 25193716 10 27 theme distinct 1061:1068 arg1 taxon 1070:1074 a distinct taxon 1059:1074 a distinct taxon 1059:1074 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the strain A12(T) fell with the family Bacillaceae and formed a distinct taxon. 25193716 9 28 theme recognized 872:881 arg1 species 883:889 other recognized species 866:889 other recognized species of the family 866:903 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 0 29 theme Jilinibacillus 0:13 arg1 nov. 25:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 10 30 theme 16S 954:956 arg1 data 977:980 16S rRNA gene sequence data 954:980 16S rRNA gene sequence data 954:980 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the strain A12(T) fell with the family Bacillaceae and formed a distinct taxon. 25193716 11 31 theme physiological 1086:1098 arg1 analyses 1133:1140 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1086:1140 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1086:1140 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 6 32 theme phosphatidyl 624:635 arg1 inositol-methyl 637:651 phosphatidyl inositol-methyl 624:651 phosphatidyl inositol-methyl 624:651 The major polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol-methyl and phosphotidylinositol dimannosid. 25193716 13 33 theme soli 1324:1327 arg1 A12 1333:1335 A12 1333:1335 A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)) 1333:1390 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 13 33 theme soli 1324:1327 arg1 strain 1299:1304 The type strain 1290:1304 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli 1290:1327 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 9 34 theme gene 815:818 arg1 similarity 829:838 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 806:838 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family 806:903 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 11 35 theme soli 1251:1254 arg1 nov. 1261:1264 the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1227:1264 the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1227:1264 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 13 36 theme  = CCTCC 1354:1361 arg1 33417 1382:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417 1341:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T) 1341:1389 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 13 36 theme  = CCTCC 1354:1361 arg1 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 1 37 theme family 63:68 arg1 Bacillaceae 70:80 the family Bacillaceae 59:80 the family Bacillaceae 59:80 nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae. 25193716 4 38 from present 452:458 arg1 peptidoglycan 467:479 the peptidoglycan 463:479 the peptidoglycan 463:479 Meso-DAP was present in the peptidoglycan. 25193716 0 39 theme gen. 20:23 arg1 nov. 25:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:28 Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 13 40 theme M2011164 1363:1370 arg1 33417 1382:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417 1341:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T) 1341:1389 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 13 40 theme M2011164 1363:1370 arg1 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 1 41 theme Bacillaceae 70:80 arg1 member 49:54 a novel member 41:54 a novel member of the family Bacillaceae 41:80 nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae. 25193716 1 41 theme Bacillaceae 70:80 arg1 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae. 25193716 7 42 theme major 694:698 arg1 acid 706:709 The major fatty acid 690:709 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) 690:738 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. 25193716 7 42 theme major 694:698 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 744:756 anteiso-C15:0 744:756 anteiso-C15:0 744:756 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. 25193716 9 43 theme similarity 829:838 arg1 level 797:801 The level 793:801 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family 793:903 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 7 44 theme total 721:725 arg1 acids 733:737 total fatty acids 721:737 total fatty acids 721:737 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. 25193716 11 45 theme phylogenetic 1120:1131 arg1 analyses 1133:1140 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1086:1140 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1086:1140 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 7 46 theme fatty 700:704 arg1 acid 706:709 The major fatty acid 690:709 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) 690:738 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. 25193716 7 46 theme fatty 700:704 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 744:756 anteiso-C15:0 744:756 anteiso-C15:0 744:756 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. 25193716 11 47 theme genus 1210:1214 arg1 species 1193:1199 a novel species 1185:1199 a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp 1185:1268 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 4 48 located present 452:458 arg1 peptidoglycan 467:479 the peptidoglycan 463:479 the peptidoglycan 463:479 Meso-DAP was present in the peptidoglycan. 25193716 4 48 located present 452:458 arg2 Meso-DAP 439:446 Meso-DAP 439:446 Meso-DAP 439:446 Meso-DAP was present in the peptidoglycan. 25193716 13 49 theme T 1372:1372 arg1 33417 1382:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417 1341:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T) 1341:1389 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 13 49 theme T 1372:1372 arg1 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 13 50 theme type 1294:1297 arg1 A12 1333:1335 A12 1333:1335 A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)) 1333:1390 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 13 50 theme type 1294:1297 arg1 strain 1299:1304 The type strain 1290:1304 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli 1290:1327 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 10 51 theme rRNA 958:961 arg1 data 977:980 16S rRNA gene sequence data 954:980 16S rRNA gene sequence data 954:980 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the strain A12(T) fell with the family Bacillaceae and formed a distinct taxon. 25193716 9 52 theme strain 848:853 arg1 T 859:859 T 859:859 T 859:859 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 9 52 theme strain 848:853 arg1 A12 855:857 strain A12 848:857 strain A12(T) 848:860 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 10 53 theme sequence 968:975 arg1 data 977:980 16S rRNA gene sequence data 954:980 16S rRNA gene sequence data 954:980 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the strain A12(T) fell with the family Bacillaceae and formed a distinct taxon. 25193716 5 54 theme predominant 486:496 arg1 MK-7 514:517 MK-7 514:517 MK-7 514:517 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25193716 5 54 theme predominant 486:496 arg1 menaquinone 498:508 The predominant menaquinone 482:508 The predominant menaquinone 482:508 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25193716 3 55 theme 1-3  420:423 arg1 % 424:424 % 424:424 % 424:424 Growth occurred in 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl]. 25193716 13 56 theme  = KCTC 1374:1380 arg1 33417 1382:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417 1341:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T) 1341:1389 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 13 56 theme  = KCTC 1374:1380 arg1 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 11 57 theme chemotaxonomic 1101:1114 arg1 analyses 1133:1140 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1086:1140 physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses 1086:1140 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 9 58 theme 16S 806:808 arg1 similarity 829:838 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 806:838 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family 806:903 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 10 59 theme gene 963:966 arg1 data 977:980 16S rRNA gene sequence data 954:980 16S rRNA gene sequence data 954:980 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the strain A12(T) fell with the family Bacillaceae and formed a distinct taxon. 25193716 3 60 theme % 424:424 arg1 NaCl 432:435 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl 420:435 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl 420:435 Growth occurred in 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl]. 25193716 9 61 theme family 898:903 arg1 species 883:889 other recognized species 866:889 other recognized species of the family 866:903 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 9 61 theme family 898:903 arg1 T 859:859 T 859:859 T 859:859 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 9 61 theme family 898:903 arg1 A12 855:857 strain A12 848:857 strain A12(T) 848:860 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 10 62 theme family 1029:1034 arg1 Bacillaceae 1036:1046 the family Bacillaceae 1025:1046 the family Bacillaceae 1025:1046 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the strain A12(T) fell with the family Bacillaceae and formed a distinct taxon. 25193716 2 63 dep Gram-positive 85:97 arg1 endospore-forming 129:145 endospore-forming 129:145 endospore-forming 129:145 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 63 dep Gram-positive 85:97 arg1 motile 121:126 motile 121:126 motile 121:126 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 63 dep Gram-positive 85:97 arg1 rod-shaped 109:118 rod-shaped 109:118 rod-shaped 109:118 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 63 dep Gram-positive 85:97 arg1 aerobic 100:106 aerobic 100:106 aerobic 100:106 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 13 64 theme T 1352:1352 arg1 33417 1382:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417 1341:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T) 1341:1389 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 13 64 theme T 1352:1352 arg1 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 2 65 theme strain 169:174 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 83:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 83:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 65 theme strain 169:174 arg1 T 180:180 T 180:180 T 180:180 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 65 theme strain 169:174 arg1 A12 176:178 designated strain A12 158:178 designated strain A12(T) 158:181 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 66 from saline 204:209 arg1 City 247:250 City 247:250 City 247:250 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 10 67 theme strain 1001:1006 arg1 T 1012:1012 T 1012:1012 T 1012:1012 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the strain A12(T) fell with the family Bacillaceae and formed a distinct taxon. 25193716 10 67 theme strain 1001:1006 arg1 A12 1008:1010 the strain A12 997:1010 the strain A12(T) 997:1013 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the strain A12(T) fell with the family Bacillaceae and formed a distinct taxon. 25193716 11 68 dep sp 1267:1268 arg1 nov. 1261:1264 the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1227:1264 the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1227:1264 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 2 69 theme designated 158:167 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 83:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 83:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 69 theme designated 158:167 arg1 T 180:180 T 180:180 T 180:180 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 69 theme designated 158:167 arg1 A12 176:178 designated strain A12 158:178 designated strain A12(T) 158:181 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 13 70 dep A12 1333:1335 arg1 33417 1382:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417 1341:1386 =GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T) 1341:1389 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 13 70 dep A12 1333:1335 arg1 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 T 1388:1388 The type strain of Jilinibacillus soli was A12(T) (=GIMN1.014(T) = CCTCC M2011164(T) = KCTC 33417(T)). 25193716 11 71 theme name 1231:1234 arg1 nov. 1261:1264 the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1227:1264 the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1227:1264 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 7 72 theme acids 733:737 arg1 % 716:716 >10 % 712:716 >10 % of total fatty acids 712:737 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. 25193716 7 72 theme acids 733:737 arg1 acids 733:737 total fatty acids 721:737 total fatty acids 721:737 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. 25193716 3 73 dep optimum 352:358 arg1 pH 361:362 pH 9.0 361:366 pH 9.0 361:366 Growth occurred in 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl]. 25193716 9 74 theme rRNA 810:813 arg1 similarity 829:838 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 806:838 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family 806:903 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 11 75 theme gen. 1256:1259 arg1 nov. 1261:1264 the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1227:1264 the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1227:1264 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 8 76 theme DNA 759:761 arg1 content 769:775 DNA G + C content 759:775 DNA G + C content 759:775 DNA G + C content was 36.2 mol %. 25193716 11 77 theme strain 1143:1148 arg1 A12 1150:1152 strain A12 1143:1152 strain A12(T) 1143:1155 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 11 77 theme strain 1143:1148 arg1 T 1154:1154 T 1154:1154 T 1154:1154 Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A12(T) was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 25193716 9 78 theme sequence 820:827 arg1 similarity 829:838 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 806:838 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family 806:903 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 7 79 dep acid 706:709 arg1 % 716:716 >10 % 712:716 >10 % of total fatty acids 712:737 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. 25193716 7 79 dep acid 706:709 arg1 acids 733:737 total fatty acids 721:737 total fatty acids 721:737 The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. 25193716 2 80 theme China 280:284 arg1 saline 204:209 a saline 202:209 a saline 202:209 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 80 theme China 280:284 arg1 western 253:259 western 253:259 western of Jilin Province, China 253:284 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 9 81 theme other 866:870 arg1 species 883:889 other recognized species 866:889 other recognized species of the family 866:903 The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A12(T) and other recognized species of the family was below 95.6 %. 25193716 2 82 attach isolated 188:195 arg2 A12 176:178 designated strain A12 158:178 designated strain A12(T) 158:181 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 82 attach isolated 188:195 arg1 saline 204:209 a saline 202:209 a saline 202:209 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 82 attach isolated 188:195 arg2 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 83:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 83:155 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 82 attach isolated 188:195 arg1 western 253:259 western 253:259 western of Jilin Province, China 253:284 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 25193716 2 82 attach isolated 188:195 arg1 samples 227:233 alkali soil samples 215:233 alkali soil samples 215:233 A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A12(T), was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. 27843005 1 0 theme countries 332:340 arg1 parts 292:296 most parts 287:296 most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries 287:340 Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family, is now wildly distributed in most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries. 27843005 1 1 theme Zanthoxylum 172:182 arg1 bungeanum 184:192 Zanthoxylum bungeanum 172:192 Zanthoxylum bungeanum 172:192 Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family, is now wildly distributed in most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries. 27843005 3 2 from mechanisms 545:554 arg1 colitis 632:638 DSS-induced experimental colitis 607:638 DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice 607:646 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 6 3 theme experimental 1028:1039 arg1 colitis 1041:1047 DSS-induced experimental colitis 1016:1047 DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice 1016:1055 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 5 4 theme pathological 871:882 arg1 damage 884:889 colonic pathological damage 863:889 colonic pathological damage 863:889 ZBE alleviated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. 27843005 4 5 theme ZBE 714:716 arg1 composition 699:709 the major flavonoid composition 679:709 the major flavonoid composition of ZBE 679:716 The results demonstrated that the major flavonoid composition of ZBE includes rutin (32.36%), quercetin (13.61%) and isoquercitrin (24.89%). 27843005 6 6 theme TLR4 982:985 arg1 regulation 968:977 the regulation 964:977 the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells 964:1102 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 6 7 from colitis 1041:1047 arg1 mice 1052:1055 mice 1052:1055 mice 1052:1055 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 6 7 from colitis 1041:1047 arg1 cells 1098:1102 J774.1 cells 1091:1102 J774.1 cells 1091:1102 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 3 8 dep effects 533:539 arg1 the 529:531 the 529:531 the 529:531 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 7 9 theme further 1190:1196 arg1 investigation 1198:1210 further investigation 1190:1210 further investigation 1190:1210 Our findings suggest that ZBE is effective in ameliorating experimental colitis, and further investigation is necessary on the use of ZBE as a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). 27843005 3 10 theme Zanthoxylum 559:569 arg1 ZBE 599:601 ZBE 599:601 ZBE 599:601 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 3 10 theme Zanthoxylum 559:569 arg1 extract 590:596 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract 559:596 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) 559:602 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 6 11 theme IL-12 954:958 arg1 expression 923:932 the expression 919:932 the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 919:958 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 7 12 theme new 1248:1250 arg1 strategy 1260:1267 a new dietary strategy 1246:1267 a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) 1246:1312 Our findings suggest that ZBE is effective in ameliorating experimental colitis, and further investigation is necessary on the use of ZBE as a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). 27843005 5 13 theme body 817:820 arg1 loss 829:832 DSS-induced body weight loss 805:832 DSS-induced body weight loss 805:832 ZBE alleviated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. 27843005 3 14 from effects 533:539 arg1 colitis 632:638 DSS-induced experimental colitis 607:638 DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice 607:646 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 3 15 from colitis 632:638 arg1 mice 643:646 mice 643:646 mice 643:646 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 6 16 theme DSS-induced 1016:1026 arg1 colitis 1041:1047 DSS-induced experimental colitis 1016:1047 DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice 1016:1055 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 2 17 theme important 450:458 arg1 activities 472:481 antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities 407:481 antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities 407:481 The pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been known to exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities. 27843005 6 18 theme LPS-triggered 1061:1073 arg1 inflammation 1075:1086 LPS-triggered inflammation 1061:1086 LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells 1061:1102 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 5 19 theme colon 835:839 arg1 shortening 848:857 colon length shortening 835:857 colon length shortening 835:857 ZBE alleviated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. 27843005 0 20 theme bungeanum 12:20 arg1 extract 31:37 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract 0:37 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract 0:37 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 6 21 from regulation 968:977 arg1 inflammation 1075:1086 LPS-triggered inflammation 1061:1086 LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells 1061:1102 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 6 21 from regulation 968:977 arg1 colitis 1041:1047 DSS-induced experimental colitis 1016:1047 DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice 1016:1055 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 7 22 theme ZBE 1239:1241 arg1 use 1232:1234 the use 1228:1234 the use of ZBE as a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) 1228:1312 Our findings suggest that ZBE is effective in ameliorating experimental colitis, and further investigation is necessary on the use of ZBE as a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). 27843005 3 23 theme extract 590:596 arg1 mechanisms 545:554 mechanisms 545:554 mechanisms 545:554 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 3 23 theme extract 590:596 arg1 effects 533:539 effects 533:539 effects 533:539 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 4 24 theme flavonoid 689:697 arg1 composition 699:709 the major flavonoid composition 679:709 the major flavonoid composition of ZBE 679:716 The results demonstrated that the major flavonoid composition of ZBE includes rutin (32.36%), quercetin (13.61%) and isoquercitrin (24.89%). 27843005 0 25 theme Zanthoxylum 0:10 arg1 extract 31:37 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract 0:37 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract 0:37 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 2 26 dep important 450:458 arg1 therapeutic 460:470 therapeutic 460:470 therapeutic 460:470 The pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been known to exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities. 27843005 4 27 theme major 683:687 arg1 composition 699:709 the major flavonoid composition 679:709 the major flavonoid composition of ZBE 679:716 The results demonstrated that the major flavonoid composition of ZBE includes rutin (32.36%), quercetin (13.61%) and isoquercitrin (24.89%). 27843005 2 28 theme other 444:448 arg1 activities 472:481 antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities 407:481 antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities 407:481 The pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been known to exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities. 27843005 1 29 theme most 287:290 arg1 parts 292:296 most parts 287:296 most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries 287:340 Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family, is now wildly distributed in most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries. 27843005 2 30 theme anti-inflammatory 422:438 arg1 activities 472:481 antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities 407:481 antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities 407:481 The pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been known to exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities. 27843005 0 31 theme pericarp 22:29 arg1 extract 31:37 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract 0:37 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract 0:37 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 0 32 theme TLR4 130:133 arg1 regulation 116:125 the regulation 112:125 the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways 112:169 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 3 33 theme pericarp 581:588 arg1 ZBE 599:601 ZBE 599:601 ZBE 599:601 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 3 33 theme pericarp 581:588 arg1 extract 590:596 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract 559:596 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) 559:602 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 1 34 theme Zanthoxylum 216:226 arg1 genus 228:232 the Zanthoxylum genus 212:232 the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family 212:255 Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family, is now wildly distributed in most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries. 27843005 0 35 theme dextran 48:54 arg1 sulfate 56:62 dextran sulfate 48:62 dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice 48:106 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 6 36 theme TNF-α 937:941 arg1 expression 923:932 the expression 919:932 the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 919:958 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 0 37 theme signaling 152:160 arg1 pathways 162:169 TLR4-related signaling pathways 139:169 TLR4-related signaling pathways 139:169 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 5 38 theme weight 822:827 arg1 loss 829:832 DSS-induced body weight loss 805:832 DSS-induced body weight loss 805:832 ZBE alleviated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. 27843005 7 39 dep risk 1282:1285 arg1 lower 1272:1276 lower 1272:1276 lower 1272:1276 Our findings suggest that ZBE is effective in ameliorating experimental colitis, and further investigation is necessary on the use of ZBE as a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). 27843005 2 40 theme antibacterial 407:419 arg1 activities 472:481 antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities 407:481 antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities 407:481 The pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been known to exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities. 27843005 7 41 theme ulcerative 1290:1299 arg1 UC 1310:1311 UC 1310:1311 UC 1310:1311 Our findings suggest that ZBE is effective in ameliorating experimental colitis, and further investigation is necessary on the use of ZBE as a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). 27843005 7 41 theme ulcerative 1290:1299 arg1 colitis 1301:1307 ulcerative colitis 1290:1307 ulcerative colitis (UC) 1290:1312 Our findings suggest that ZBE is effective in ameliorating experimental colitis, and further investigation is necessary on the use of ZBE as a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). 27843005 1 42 theme China 301:305 arg1 parts 292:296 most parts 287:296 most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries 287:340 Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family, is now wildly distributed in most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries. 27843005 0 43 theme TLR4-related 139:150 arg1 pathways 162:169 TLR4-related signaling pathways 139:169 TLR4-related signaling pathways 139:169 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 0 44 from colitis 92:98 arg1 mice 103:106 mice 103:106 mice 103:106 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 3 45 theme DSS-induced 607:617 arg1 colitis 632:638 DSS-induced experimental colitis 607:638 DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice 607:646 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 6 46 theme pathways 1004:1011 arg1 regulation 968:977 the regulation 964:977 the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells 964:1102 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 0 47 theme sodium-induced 64:77 arg1 colitis 92:98 dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis 48:98 dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice 48:106 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 5 48 theme length 841:846 arg1 shortening 848:857 colon length shortening 835:857 colon length shortening 835:857 ZBE alleviated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. 27843005 6 49 theme IL-1β 944:948 arg1 expression 923:932 the expression 919:932 the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 919:958 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 6 50 theme J774.1 1091:1096 arg1 cells 1098:1102 J774.1 cells 1091:1102 J774.1 cells 1091:1102 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 3 51 theme study 504:508 arg1 purpose 488:494 The purpose 484:494 The purpose of this study 484:508 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 0 52 theme sulfate 56:62 arg1 colitis 92:98 dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis 48:98 dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice 48:106 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 0 53 theme pathways 162:169 arg1 regulation 116:125 the regulation 112:125 the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways 112:169 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 7 54 theme dietary 1252:1258 arg1 strategy 1260:1267 a new dietary strategy 1246:1267 a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) 1246:1312 Our findings suggest that ZBE is effective in ameliorating experimental colitis, and further investigation is necessary on the use of ZBE as a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). 27843005 1 55 theme Southeast 316:324 arg1 countries 332:340 some Southeast Asian countries 311:340 some Southeast Asian countries 311:340 Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family, is now wildly distributed in most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries. 27843005 6 56 theme TLR4-related 991:1002 arg1 pathways 1004:1011 TLR4-related pathways 991:1011 TLR4-related pathways 991:1011 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 6 57 from inflammation 1075:1086 arg1 mice 1052:1055 mice 1052:1055 mice 1052:1055 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 6 57 from inflammation 1075:1086 arg1 cells 1098:1102 J774.1 cells 1091:1102 J774.1 cells 1091:1102 Furthermore, ZBE inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related pathways in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and LPS-triggered inflammation in J774.1 cells. 27843005 3 58 dep Zanthoxylum 559:569 arg1 bungeanum 571:579 bungeanum 571:579 bungeanum 571:579 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 1 59 theme Rutaceae 241:248 arg1 family 250:255 the Rutaceae family 237:255 the Rutaceae family 237:255 Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family, is now wildly distributed in most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries. 27843005 3 60 theme experimental 619:630 arg1 colitis 632:638 DSS-induced experimental colitis 607:638 DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice 607:646 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract (ZBE) on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice. 27843005 5 61 theme DSS-induced 805:815 arg1 loss 829:832 DSS-induced body weight loss 805:832 DSS-induced body weight loss 805:832 ZBE alleviated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. 27843005 2 62 theme bungeanum 371:379 arg1 pericarp 347:354 The pericarp 343:354 The pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum 343:379 The pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been known to exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities. 27843005 7 63 theme colitis 1301:1307 arg1 risk 1282:1285 the risk 1278:1285 the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) 1278:1312 Our findings suggest that ZBE is effective in ameliorating experimental colitis, and further investigation is necessary on the use of ZBE as a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). 27843005 1 64 theme family 250:255 arg1 genus 228:232 the Zanthoxylum genus 212:232 the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family 212:255 Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family, is now wildly distributed in most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries. 27843005 0 65 theme experimental 79:90 arg1 colitis 92:98 dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis 48:98 dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice 48:106 Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice via the regulation of TLR4 and TLR4-related signaling pathways. 27843005 1 66 theme Asian 326:330 arg1 countries 332:340 some Southeast Asian countries 311:340 some Southeast Asian countries 311:340 Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the Rutaceae family, is now wildly distributed in most parts of China and some Southeast Asian countries. 27843005 5 67 theme colonic 863:869 arg1 damage 884:889 colonic pathological damage 863:889 colonic pathological damage 863:889 ZBE alleviated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. 27843005 7 68 theme experimental 1164:1175 arg1 colitis 1177:1183 experimental colitis 1164:1183 experimental colitis 1164:1183 Our findings suggest that ZBE is effective in ameliorating experimental colitis, and further investigation is necessary on the use of ZBE as a new dietary strategy to lower the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). 27363316 2 0 theme acid 1215:1218 arg1 residues 1220:1227 α-d-glucuronic acid residues 1200:1227 α-d-glucuronic acid residues 1200:1227 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 0 theme acid 1215:1218 arg1 derivative 1269:1278 its 4-O-methylated derivative 1250:1278 its 4-O-methylated derivative 1250:1278 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 3 1 used utilized 1368:1375 arg2 culms 1358:1362 culms 1358:1362 culms 1358:1362 CONCLUSION These results constitute the first report on this species, and as culms are utilized in constructions and crafts, the remaining leaves, when used as forage, constitute a byproduct that allows an additional income opportunity. 27363316 2 2 theme pilose 640:645 arg1 indumentum 647:656 pilose indumentum 640:656 pilose indumentum 640:656 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 3 3 dep CONCLUSION 1281:1290 arg1 constitute 1306:1315 constitute 1306:1315 constitute the first report on this species 1306:1348 CONCLUSION These results constitute the first report on this species, and as culms are utilized in constructions and crafts, the remaining leaves, when used as forage, constitute a byproduct that allows an additional income opportunity. 27363316 3 3 dep CONCLUSION 1281:1290 arg1 constitute 1449:1458 constitute 1449:1458 constitute a byproduct that allows an additional income opportunity 1449:1515 CONCLUSION These results constitute the first report on this species, and as culms are utilized in constructions and crafts, the remaining leaves, when used as forage, constitute a byproduct that allows an additional income opportunity. 27363316 1 4 theme anatomical 220:229 arg1 studies 231:237 morphological and anatomical studies 202:237 morphological and anatomical studies 202:237 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 0 5 theme foliage 62:68 arg1 Anatomy 0:6 Anatomy 0:6 Anatomy 0:6 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 0 5 theme foliage 62:68 arg1 value 21:25 nutritional value 9:25 nutritional value 9:25 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 0 5 theme foliage 62:68 arg1 analysis 50:57 cell wall chemical analysis 31:57 cell wall chemical analysis 31:57 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 0 6 theme promising 136:144 arg1 chacoensis 87:96 chacoensis 87:96 chacoensis 87:96 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 0 6 theme promising 136:144 arg1 source 146:151 a promising source 134:151 a promising source of forage 134:161 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 2 7 theme woody 463:467 arg1 it 477:478 it 477:478 it 477:478 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 7 theme woody 463:467 arg1 bamboo 469:474 a native woody bamboo 454:474 a native woody bamboo 454:474 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 1 8 theme nutritional 310:320 arg1 value 322:326 the nutritional value 306:326 the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves 306:362 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 0 9 theme forage 156:161 arg1 chacoensis 87:96 chacoensis 87:96 chacoensis 87:96 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 0 9 theme forage 156:161 arg1 source 146:151 a promising source 134:151 a promising source of forage 134:161 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 2 10 theme anatomical 559:568 arg1 studies 570:576 anatomical studies 559:576 anatomical studies 559:576 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 11 theme α-d-glucuronic 1200:1213 arg1 residues 1220:1227 α-d-glucuronic acid residues 1200:1227 α-d-glucuronic acid residues 1200:1227 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 11 theme α-d-glucuronic 1200:1213 arg1 derivative 1269:1278 its 4-O-methylated derivative 1250:1278 its 4-O-methylated derivative 1250:1278 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 12 theme native 456:461 arg1 it 477:478 it 477:478 it 477:478 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 12 theme native 456:461 arg1 bamboo 469:474 a native woody bamboo 454:474 a native woody bamboo 454:474 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 1 13 theme value 322:326 arg1 studies 231:237 morphological and anatomical studies 202:237 morphological and anatomical studies 202:237 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 1 13 theme value 322:326 arg1 assessment 292:301 assessment 292:301 assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves 292:362 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 1 13 theme value 322:326 arg1 analysis 271:278 cell wall chemical composition analysis 240:278 cell wall chemical composition analysis 240:278 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 2 14 theme backbone 983:990 arg1 units 970:974 the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units 939:974 the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs 939:1050 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 1 15 theme cell 240:243 arg1 analysis 271:278 cell wall chemical composition analysis 240:278 cell wall chemical composition analysis 240:278 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 2 16 dep sativa 772:777 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylan 863:883 (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan 859:883 (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan 859:883 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 16 dep sativa 772:777 arg1 polysaccharide 906:919 the major extracted polysaccharide 886:919 the major extracted polysaccharide 886:919 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 16 dep sativa 772:777 arg1 end 1068:1070 non-reducing end 1055:1070 non-reducing end of short chains 1055:1086 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 16 dep sativa 772:777 arg1 similar 819:825 similar 819:825 similar 819:825 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 4 17 theme Chemical 1536:1543 arg1 Industry 1545:1552 Chemical Industry 1536:1552 Chemical Industry 1536:1552 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. 27363316 2 18 theme 5-linked 1098:1105 arg1 units 1127:1131 Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units 763:1131 Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units 763:1131 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 19 theme small 1233:1237 arg1 amounts 1239:1245 small amounts 1233:1245 small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative 1233:1278 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 19 theme small 1233:1237 arg1 derivative 1269:1278 its 4-O-methylated derivative 1250:1278 its 4-O-methylated derivative 1250:1278 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 1 20 theme Guadua 331:336 arg1 foliage 349:355 Guadua chacoensis foliage 331:355 Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves 331:362 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 2 21 link 4-linked 943:950 arg1 units 970:974 the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units 939:974 the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs 939:1050 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 22 theme promising 411:419 arg1 RESULTS 365:371 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis 365:403 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis 365:403 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 22 theme promising 411:419 arg1 source 421:426 a promising source 409:426 a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative 409:1278 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 1 23 theme chacoensis 338:347 arg1 foliage 349:355 Guadua chacoensis foliage 331:355 Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves 331:362 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 2 24 theme other 786:790 arg1 parameters 804:813 other nutritional parameters 786:813 other nutritional parameters 786:813 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 3 25 dep the 1406:1408 arg1 leaves 1420:1425 leaves 1420:1425 leaves 1420:1425 CONCLUSION These results constitute the first report on this species, and as culms are utilized in constructions and crafts, the remaining leaves, when used as forage, constitute a byproduct that allows an additional income opportunity. 27363316 2 26 theme d-galactopyranose 1164:1180 arg1 units 1182:1186 terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units 1134:1186 units 1182:1186 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 1 27 theme wall 245:248 arg1 analysis 271:278 cell wall chemical composition analysis 240:278 cell wall chemical composition analysis 240:278 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 2 28 theme discontinuous 586:598 arg1 sclerenchyma 600:611 discontinuous sclerenchyma 586:611 discontinuous sclerenchyma 586:611 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 29 dep RESULTS 365:371 arg1 Foliage 373:379 Foliage 373:379 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis 365:403 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 1 30 theme chemical 250:257 arg1 analysis 271:278 cell wall chemical composition analysis 240:278 cell wall chemical composition analysis 240:278 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 2 31 theme Medicago 763:770 arg1 sativa 772:777 Medicago sativa 763:777 Medicago sativa 763:777 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 3 32 from report 1327:1332 arg1 species 1342:1348 this species 1337:1348 this species 1337:1348 CONCLUSION These results constitute the first report on this species, and as culms are utilized in constructions and crafts, the remaining leaves, when used as forage, constitute a byproduct that allows an additional income opportunity. 27363316 2 33 theme G. 391:392 arg1 chacoensis 394:403 G. chacoensis 391:403 G. chacoensis 391:403 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 0 34 theme nutritional 9:19 arg1 value 21:25 nutritional value 9:25 nutritional value 9:25 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 1 35 theme composition 259:269 arg1 analysis 271:278 cell wall chemical composition analysis 240:278 cell wall chemical composition analysis 240:278 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 1 36 theme foliage 349:355 arg1 value 322:326 the nutritional value 306:326 the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves 306:362 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 0 37 theme cell 31:34 arg1 analysis 50:57 cell wall chemical analysis 31:57 cell wall chemical analysis 31:57 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 2 38 theme sativa 772:777 arg1 units 1127:1131 Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units 763:1131 Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units 763:1131 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 39 theme derivative 1269:1278 arg1 amounts 1239:1245 small amounts 1233:1245 small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative 1233:1278 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 39 theme derivative 1269:1278 arg1 β-d-xylopyranose 1143:1158 terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units 1134:1186 β-d-xylopyranose 1143:1158 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 39 theme derivative 1269:1278 arg1 units 1182:1186 terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units 1134:1186 units 1182:1186 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 39 theme derivative 1269:1278 arg1 residues 1220:1227 α-d-glucuronic acid residues 1200:1227 α-d-glucuronic acid residues 1200:1227 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 39 theme derivative 1269:1278 arg1 units 1127:1131 Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units 763:1131 Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units 763:1131 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 39 theme derivative 1269:1278 arg1 derivative 1269:1278 its 4-O-methylated derivative 1250:1278 its 4-O-methylated derivative 1250:1278 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 40 dep glucuronoarabinoxylan 863:883 arg1 d 860:860 d 860:860 d 860:860 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 40 dep glucuronoarabinoxylan 863:883 arg1 has 922:924 has 922:924 has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs 922:1050 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 41 theme 4-O-methylated 1254:1267 arg1 derivative 1269:1278 its 4-O-methylated derivative 1250:1278 its 4-O-methylated derivative 1250:1278 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 42 link 5-linked 1098:1105 arg1 units 1127:1131 Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units 763:1131 Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units 763:1131 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 1 43 theme morphological 202:214 arg1 studies 231:237 morphological and anatomical studies 202:237 morphological and anatomical studies 202:237 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 3 44 theme additional 1487:1496 arg1 opportunity 1505:1515 an additional income opportunity 1484:1515 an additional income opportunity 1484:1515 CONCLUSION These results constitute the first report on this species, and as culms are utilized in constructions and crafts, the remaining leaves, when used as forage, constitute a byproduct that allows an additional income opportunity. 27363316 1 45 theme present 179:185 arg1 study 187:191 The present study 175:191 The present study 175:191 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 0 46 theme chemical 41:48 arg1 analysis 50:57 cell wall chemical analysis 31:57 cell wall chemical analysis 31:57 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 3 47 theme income 1498:1503 arg1 opportunity 1505:1515 an additional income opportunity 1484:1515 an additional income opportunity 1484:1515 CONCLUSION These results constitute the first report on this species, and as culms are utilized in constructions and crafts, the remaining leaves, when used as forage, constitute a byproduct that allows an additional income opportunity. 27363316 3 48 theme first 1321:1325 arg1 report 1327:1332 the first report 1317:1332 the first report on this species 1317:1348 CONCLUSION These results constitute the first report on this species, and as culms are utilized in constructions and crafts, the remaining leaves, when used as forage, constitute a byproduct that allows an additional income opportunity. 27363316 2 49 theme non-reducing 1055:1066 arg1 end 1068:1070 non-reducing end 1055:1070 non-reducing end of short chains 1055:1086 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 0 50 theme wall 36:39 arg1 analysis 50:57 cell wall chemical analysis 31:57 cell wall chemical analysis 31:57 Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage. 27363316 2 51 contain has 716:718 arg1 indumentum 647:656 pilose indumentum 640:656 pilose indumentum 640:656 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 51 contain has 716:718 arg1 hooks 686:690 hooks 686:690 hooks 686:690 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 51 contain has 716:718 arg1 it 713:714 it 713:714 it 713:714 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 51 contain has 716:718 arg1 cells 666:670 silica cells 659:670 silica cells 659:670 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 51 contain has 716:718 arg2 content 735:741 a high protein content 720:741 a high protein content 720:741 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 51 contain has 716:718 arg1 prickles 673:680 prickles 673:680 prickles 673:680 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 52 dep scarce 701:706 arg1 c 710:710 c 710:710 c 710:710 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 52 dep scarce 701:706 arg1 has 716:718 has 716:718 has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative 716:1278 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 53 theme environmental 513:525 arg1 conditions 527:536 environmental conditions 513:536 environmental conditions 513:536 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 54 theme nutritional 792:802 arg1 parameters 804:813 other nutritional parameters 786:813 other nutritional parameters 786:813 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 55 theme extracted 896:904 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylan 863:883 (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan 859:883 (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan 859:883 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 55 theme extracted 896:904 arg1 polysaccharide 906:919 the major extracted polysaccharide 886:919 the major extracted polysaccharide 886:919 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 56 theme units 970:974 arg1 one-third 926:934 one-third 926:934 one-third 926:934 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 56 theme units 970:974 arg1 units 970:974 the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units 939:974 the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs 939:1050 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 57 dep Foliage 373:379 arg1 leaves 381:386 leaves 381:386 leaves of G. chacoensis 381:403 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 58 theme similar 744:750 arg1 content 735:741 a high protein content 720:741 a high protein content 720:741 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 59 theme major 890:894 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylan 863:883 (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan 859:883 (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan 859:883 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 59 theme major 890:894 arg1 polysaccharide 906:919 the major extracted polysaccharide 886:919 the major extracted polysaccharide 886:919 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 60 theme β-d-xylopyranosyl 952:968 arg1 units 970:974 the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units 939:974 the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs 939:1050 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 61 theme silica 659:664 arg1 cells 666:670 silica cells 659:670 silica cells 659:670 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 62 theme single 1039:1044 arg1 stubs 1046:1050 single stubs 1039:1050 single stubs 1039:1050 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 63 theme α-l-arabinofuranose 1107:1125 arg1 units 1127:1131 Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units 763:1131 Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units 763:1131 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 64 theme 4-linked 943:950 arg1 units 970:974 the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units 939:974 the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs 939:1050 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 65 theme terminal 1134:1141 arg1 β-d-xylopyranose 1143:1158 terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units 1134:1186 β-d-xylopyranose 1143:1158 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 66 theme chains 1081:1086 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylan 863:883 (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan 859:883 (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan 859:883 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 66 theme chains 1081:1086 arg1 end 1068:1070 non-reducing end 1055:1070 non-reducing end of short chains 1055:1086 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 66 theme chains 1081:1086 arg1 polysaccharide 906:919 the major extracted polysaccharide 886:919 the major extracted polysaccharide 886:919 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 1 67 dep foliage 349:355 arg1 leaves 357:362 leaves 357:362 leaves 357:362 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 2 68 dep adapted 483:489 arg1 a 448:448 a 448:448 a 448:448 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 68 dep adapted 483:489 arg1 leaf 554:557 leaf 554:557 leaf 554:557 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 68 dep adapted 483:489 arg1 exhibit 578:584 exhibit 578:584 exhibit 578:584 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 68 dep adapted 483:489 arg1 b 551:551 b 551:551 b 551:551 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 69 theme common 839:844 arg1 forages 846:852 common forages 839:852 common forages 839:852 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 1 70 dep BACKGROUND 164:173 arg1 combines 193:200 combines 193:200 combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves 193:362 BACKGROUND The present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves. 27363316 2 71 theme short 1075:1079 arg1 chains 1081:1086 short chains 1075:1086 short chains 1075:1086 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 72 theme high 722:725 arg1 content 735:741 a high protein content 720:741 a high protein content 720:741 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 27363316 2 73 theme protein 727:733 arg1 content 735:741 a high protein content 720:741 a high protein content 720:741 RESULTS Foliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one-third of the 4-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α-l-arabinofuranose as single stubs or non-reducing end of short chains, but also 5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose units, terminal β-d-xylopyranose and d-galactopyranose units, as well as α-d-glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4-O-methylated derivative. 26014279 7 0 theme cells 1486:1490 arg1 maturation 1449:1458 maturation 1449:1458 maturation 1449:1458 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 7 0 theme cells 1486:1490 arg1 stabilization 1432:1444 stabilization 1432:1444 stabilization 1432:1444 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 7 1 dep stabilization 1432:1444 arg1 the 1428:1430 the 1428:1430 the 1428:1430 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 3 2 theme necrosis 524:531 arg1 signs 507:511 no signs 504:511 no signs of central necrosis 504:531 The cells remained viable throughout the experiment with no signs of central necrosis. 26014279 7 3 link cell-derived 1468:1479 arg1 cells 1486:1490 stem cell-derived beta cells 1463:1490 stem cell-derived beta cells 1463:1490 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 2 4 link matrix-derived 377:390 arg1 peptides 392:399 extracellular matrix-derived peptides 363:399 extracellular matrix-derived peptides 363:399 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 7 5 theme beta 1481:1484 arg1 cells 1486:1490 stem cell-derived beta cells 1463:1490 stem cell-derived beta cells 1463:1490 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 2 6 contain containing 283:292 arg2 fibronectin 347:357 fibronectin 347:357 fibronectin 347:357 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 6 contain containing 283:292 arg2 laminin 338:344 laminin 338:344 laminin 338:344 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 6 contain containing 283:292 arg2 proteins 316:323 the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides 294:399 the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides 294:399 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 6 contain containing 283:292 arg1 scaffolds 273:281 scaffolds 273:281 scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides 273:399 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 6 contain containing 283:292 arg2 collagen 325:332 collagen IV 325:335 collagen IV 325:335 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 6 7 theme defined 1066:1072 arg1 alternative 1105:1115 a chemically defined, xeno-free and easily scalable alternative 1053:1115 a chemically defined, xeno-free and easily scalable alternative for culture of pancreatic progenitors 1053:1153 Alginate scaffolds can provide a chemically defined, xeno-free and easily scalable alternative for culture of pancreatic progenitors. 26014279 0 8 from Culture 0:6 arg1 scaffolds 65:73 alginate-based scaffolds 50:73 alginate-based scaffolds 50:73 Culture of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors in alginate-based scaffolds. 26014279 0 9 link hESC-derived 11:22 arg1 progenitors 35:45 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 11:45 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 11:45 Culture of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors in alginate-based scaffolds. 26014279 5 10 theme beta 987:990 arg1 expression 1010:1019 beta cell-related gene expression 987:1019 beta cell-related gene expression 987:1019 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 1 11 dep in 160:161 arg1 vitro 163:167 vitro 163:167 vitro 163:167 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 6 12 theme Alginate 1022:1029 arg1 scaffolds 1031:1039 Alginate scaffolds 1022:1039 Alginate scaffolds 1022:1039 Alginate scaffolds can provide a chemically defined, xeno-free and easily scalable alternative for culture of pancreatic progenitors. 26014279 7 13 theme stem 1463:1466 arg1 cells 1486:1490 stem cell-derived beta cells 1463:1490 stem cell-derived beta cells 1463:1490 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 5 14 from increase 902:909 arg1 glucagon 914:921 glucagon 914:921 glucagon 914:921 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 5 14 from increase 902:909 arg1 somatostatin 927:938 somatostatin 927:938 somatostatin 927:938 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 5 15 theme cell-related 992:1003 arg1 expression 1010:1019 beta cell-related gene expression 987:1019 beta cell-related gene expression 987:1019 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 2 16 theme matrix-derived 377:390 arg1 peptides 392:399 extracellular matrix-derived peptides 363:399 extracellular matrix-derived peptides 363:399 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 6 17 theme pancreatic 1132:1141 arg1 progenitors 1143:1153 pancreatic progenitors 1132:1153 pancreatic progenitors 1132:1153 Alginate scaffolds can provide a chemically defined, xeno-free and easily scalable alternative for culture of pancreatic progenitors. 26014279 5 18 theme gene 1005:1008 arg1 expression 1010:1019 beta cell-related gene expression 987:1019 beta cell-related gene expression 987:1019 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 4 19 theme cluster 709:715 arg1 size 717:720 the cluster size 705:720 the cluster size 705:720 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 6 20 dep defined 1066:1072 arg1 xeno-free 1075:1083 xeno-free 1075:1083 xeno-free 1075:1083 Alginate scaffolds can provide a chemically defined, xeno-free and easily scalable alternative for culture of pancreatic progenitors. 26014279 6 20 dep defined 1066:1072 arg1 scalable 1096:1103 scalable 1096:1103 scalable 1096:1103 Alginate scaffolds can provide a chemically defined, xeno-free and easily scalable alternative for culture of pancreatic progenitors. 26014279 7 21 theme medium 1365:1370 arg1 composition 1372:1382 the medium composition 1361:1382 the medium composition 1361:1382 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 2 22 theme membrane 307:314 arg1 collagen 325:332 collagen IV 325:335 collagen IV 325:335 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 22 theme membrane 307:314 arg1 laminin 338:344 laminin 338:344 laminin 338:344 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 22 theme membrane 307:314 arg1 proteins 316:323 the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides 294:399 the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides 294:399 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 22 theme membrane 307:314 arg1 fibronectin 347:357 fibronectin 347:357 fibronectin 347:357 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 1 23 theme hESC-derived 184:195 arg1 progenitors 208:218 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 184:218 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 184:218 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 7 24 theme alginate-immobilized 1219:1238 arg1 culture 1245:1251 alginate-immobilized cell culture 1219:1251 alginate-immobilized cell culture 1219:1251 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 7 25 theme matrix 1305:1310 arg1 properties 1343:1352 the matrix physicochemical and biological properties 1301:1352 the matrix physicochemical and biological properties 1301:1352 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 1 26 theme alginate-based 90:103 arg1 scaffolds 105:113 alginate-based scaffolds 90:113 alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins 90:151 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 1 27 theme pancreatic 197:206 arg1 progenitors 208:218 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 184:218 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 184:218 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 4 28 theme nonencapsulated 542:556 arg1 cells 558:562 nonencapsulated cells 542:562 nonencapsulated cells 542:562 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 1 29 link hESC-derived 184:195 arg1 progenitors 208:218 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 184:218 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 184:218 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 1 30 theme scaffolds 105:113 arg1 effect 80:85 The effect 76:85 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 76:218 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 1 31 theme progenitors 208:218 arg1 development 169:179 the in vitro development 156:179 the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 156:218 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 0 32 theme pancreatic 24:33 arg1 progenitors 35:45 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 11:45 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 11:45 Culture of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors in alginate-based scaffolds. 26014279 7 33 theme cell-derived 1468:1479 arg1 cells 1486:1490 stem cell-derived beta cells 1463:1490 stem cell-derived beta cells 1463:1490 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 4 34 theme long 793:796 arg1 periods 798:804 long periods 793:804 long periods of time 793:812 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 5 35 theme declining 854:862 arg1 expression 864:873 a stable or declining expression 842:873 a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 842:893 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 1 36 with scaffolds 105:113 arg1 proteins 144:151 added basement membrane proteins 120:151 added basement membrane proteins 120:151 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 3 37 theme central 516:522 arg1 necrosis 524:531 central necrosis 516:531 central necrosis 516:531 The cells remained viable throughout the experiment with no signs of central necrosis. 26014279 5 38 theme progressive 962:972 arg1 reduction 974:982 a progressive reduction 960:982 a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression 960:1019 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 1 39 theme added 120:124 arg1 proteins 144:151 added basement membrane proteins 120:151 added basement membrane proteins 120:151 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 7 40 from increase 1168:1175 arg1 insulin 1180:1186 insulin 1180:1186 insulin 1180:1186 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 7 40 from increase 1168:1175 arg1 expression 1202:1211 PDX1 gene expression 1192:1211 PDX1 gene expression 1192:1211 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 4 41 theme organization 660:671 arg1 signs 618:622 signs 618:622 signs of morphological changes and tissue organization 618:671 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 7 42 theme PDX1 1192:1195 arg1 expression 1202:1211 PDX1 gene expression 1192:1211 PDX1 gene expression 1192:1211 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 2 43 theme extracellular 363:375 arg1 peptides 392:399 extracellular matrix-derived peptides 363:399 extracellular matrix-derived peptides 363:399 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 7 44 theme cell 1240:1243 arg1 culture 1245:1251 alginate-immobilized cell culture 1219:1251 alginate-immobilized cell culture 1219:1251 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 2 45 dep 46 438:439 arg1 to 435:436 to 435:436 to 435:436 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 4 46 theme alginate 678:685 arg1 matrix 687:692 the alginate matrix 674:692 the alginate matrix 674:692 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 0 47 theme progenitors 35:45 arg1 Culture 0:6 Culture 0:6 Culture of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors in alginate-based scaffolds. 0:74 Culture of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors in alginate-based scaffolds. 26014279 7 48 theme gene 1197:1200 arg1 expression 1202:1211 PDX1 gene expression 1192:1211 PDX1 gene expression 1192:1211 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 5 49 theme stable 844:849 arg1 expression 864:873 a stable or declining expression 842:873 a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 842:893 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 5 50 theme insulin 878:884 arg1 increase 902:909 an increase 899:909 an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time 899:948 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 5 50 theme insulin 878:884 arg1 expression 864:873 a stable or declining expression 842:873 a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 842:893 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 1 51 theme basement 126:133 arg1 proteins 144:151 added basement membrane proteins 120:151 added basement membrane proteins 120:151 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 0 52 theme alginate-based 50:63 arg1 scaffolds 65:73 alginate-based scaffolds 50:73 alginate-based scaffolds 50:73 Culture of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors in alginate-based scaffolds. 26014279 4 53 theme larger 580:585 arg1 clusters 587:594 larger clusters 580:594 larger clusters 580:594 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 2 54 theme Cell 238:241 arg1 clusters 243:250 Cell clusters 238:250 Cell clusters 238:250 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 7 55 theme biological 1332:1341 arg1 properties 1343:1352 the matrix physicochemical and biological properties 1301:1352 the matrix physicochemical and biological properties 1301:1352 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 1 56 theme membrane 135:142 arg1 proteins 144:151 added basement membrane proteins 120:151 added basement membrane proteins 120:151 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 5 57 from reduction 974:982 arg1 expression 1010:1019 beta cell-related gene expression 987:1019 beta cell-related gene expression 987:1019 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 7 58 theme relevant 1399:1406 arg1 strategy 1408:1415 a relevant strategy 1397:1415 a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells 1397:1490 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 7 58 theme relevant 1399:1406 arg1 optimization 1285:1296 further optimization 1277:1296 further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition 1277:1382 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 4 59 theme cell 753:756 arg1 morphologies 758:769 more homogeneous cell morphologies 736:769 more homogeneous cell morphologies 736:769 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 2 60 theme basement 298:305 arg1 collagen 325:332 collagen IV 325:335 collagen IV 325:335 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 60 theme basement 298:305 arg1 laminin 338:344 laminin 338:344 laminin 338:344 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 60 theme basement 298:305 arg1 proteins 316:323 the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides 294:399 the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides 294:399 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 60 theme basement 298:305 arg1 fibronectin 347:357 fibronectin 347:357 fibronectin 347:357 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 5 61 from expression 864:873 arg1 glucagon 914:921 glucagon 914:921 glucagon 914:921 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 5 61 from expression 864:873 arg1 somatostatin 927:938 somatostatin 927:938 somatostatin 927:938 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 7 62 theme physicochemical 1312:1326 arg1 properties 1343:1352 the matrix physicochemical and biological properties 1301:1352 the matrix physicochemical and biological properties 1301:1352 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 4 63 theme changes 641:647 arg1 signs 618:622 signs 618:622 signs of morphological changes and tissue organization 618:671 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 4 64 theme time 809:812 arg1 periods 798:804 long periods 793:804 long periods of time 793:812 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 7 65 theme properties 1343:1352 arg1 strategy 1408:1415 a relevant strategy 1397:1415 a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells 1397:1490 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 7 65 theme properties 1343:1352 arg1 optimization 1285:1296 further optimization 1277:1296 further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition 1277:1382 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 6 66 theme progenitors 1143:1153 arg1 culture 1121:1127 culture 1121:1127 culture of pancreatic progenitors 1121:1153 Alginate scaffolds can provide a chemically defined, xeno-free and easily scalable alternative for culture of pancreatic progenitors. 26014279 7 67 theme composition 1372:1382 arg1 strategy 1408:1415 a relevant strategy 1397:1415 a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells 1397:1490 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 7 67 theme composition 1372:1382 arg1 optimization 1285:1296 further optimization 1277:1296 further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition 1277:1382 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 4 68 theme morphological 627:639 arg1 changes 641:647 morphological changes 627:647 morphological changes 627:647 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 2 69 dep proteins 316:323 arg1 collagen 325:332 collagen IV 325:335 collagen IV 325:335 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 69 dep proteins 316:323 arg1 laminin 338:344 laminin 338:344 laminin 338:344 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 69 dep proteins 316:323 arg1 proteins 316:323 the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides 294:399 the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides 294:399 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 69 dep proteins 316:323 arg1 peptides 392:399 extracellular matrix-derived peptides 363:399 extracellular matrix-derived peptides 363:399 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 2 69 dep proteins 316:323 arg1 fibronectin 347:357 fibronectin 347:357 fibronectin 347:357 Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix-derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. 26014279 5 70 theme PDX1 890:893 arg1 increase 902:909 an increase 899:909 an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time 899:948 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 5 70 theme PDX1 890:893 arg1 expression 864:873 a stable or declining expression 842:873 a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 842:893 For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell-related gene expression. 26014279 4 71 theme tissue 653:658 arg1 organization 660:671 tissue organization 653:671 tissue organization 653:671 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 26014279 7 72 theme further 1277:1283 arg1 strategy 1408:1415 a relevant strategy 1397:1415 a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells 1397:1490 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 7 72 theme further 1277:1283 arg1 optimization 1285:1296 further optimization 1277:1296 further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition 1277:1382 Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate-immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell-derived beta cells. 26014279 0 73 theme hESC-derived 11:22 arg1 progenitors 35:45 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 11:45 hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 11:45 Culture of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors in alginate-based scaffolds. 26014279 1 74 theme in 160:161 arg1 development 169:179 the in vitro development 156:179 the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 156:218 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 1 75 from effect 80:85 arg1 development 169:179 the in vitro development 156:179 the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors 156:218 The effect of alginate-based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. 26014279 4 76 theme homogeneous 741:751 arg1 morphologies 758:769 more homogeneous cell morphologies 736:769 more homogeneous cell morphologies 736:769 Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. 25747424 3 0 theme single 265:270 arg1 spores 272:277 single spores 265:277 single spores 265:277 Strain NEAU-FHS4T formed single spores with smooth surfaces on substrate mycelium. 25747424 12 1 theme novel 1426:1430 arg1 species 1432:1438 a novel species 1424:1438 a novel species 1424:1438 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 9 2 theme Phenotypic 744:753 arg1 analysis 774:781 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 744:781 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 744:781 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora. 25747424 3 3 theme Strain 240:245 arg1 NEAU-FHS4T 247:256 Strain NEAU-FHS4T 240:256 Strain NEAU-FHS4T 240:256 Strain NEAU-FHS4T formed single spores with smooth surfaces on substrate mycelium. 25747424 8 4 theme fatty 676:680 arg1 0 703:703 0 703:703 0 703:703 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25747424 8 4 theme fatty 676:680 arg1 acids 682:686 The predominant cellular fatty acids 651:686 The predominant cellular fatty acids 651:686 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25747424 8 5 theme predominant 655:665 arg1 0 703:703 0 703:703 0 703:703 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25747424 8 5 theme predominant 655:665 arg1 acids 682:686 The predominant cellular fatty acids 651:686 The predominant cellular fatty acids 651:686 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25747424 10 6 theme sequence 1006:1013 arg1 similarities 1015:1026 highest sequence similarities 998:1026 highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %) 998:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain NEAU-FHS4T belonged to the genus Plantactinospora, with highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %). 25747424 10 7 theme genus 969:973 arg1 Plantactinospora 975:990 the genus Plantactinospora 965:990 the genus Plantactinospora 965:990 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain NEAU-FHS4T belonged to the genus Plantactinospora, with highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %). 25747424 4 8 theme xylose 409:414 arg1 acid 379:382 amino acid 373:382 amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose 373:414 The novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic as amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars. 25747424 4 8 theme xylose 409:414 arg1 glucose 420:426 glucose 420:426 glucose 420:426 The novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic as amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars. 25747424 3 9 theme substrate 303:311 arg1 mycelium 313:320 substrate mycelium 303:320 substrate mycelium 303:320 Strain NEAU-FHS4T formed single spores with smooth surfaces on substrate mycelium. 25747424 9 10 theme chemotaxonomic 759:772 arg1 analysis 774:781 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 744:781 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 744:781 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora. 25747424 12 11 theme name 1485:1488 arg1 sp 1515:1516 the name Plantactinospora veratri sp 1481:1516 the name Plantactinospora veratri sp 1481:1516 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 10 12 theme 16S 883:885 arg1 rRNA 887:890 16S rRNA 883:890 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 883:913 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain NEAU-FHS4T belonged to the genus Plantactinospora, with highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %). 25747424 10 13 theme rRNA 887:890 arg1 analysis 906:913 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 883:913 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 883:913 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain NEAU-FHS4T belonged to the genus Plantactinospora, with highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %). 25747424 11 14 theme hybridization 1155:1167 arg1 results 1136:1142 The results 1132:1142 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests 1132:1207 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 4 15 theme whole-cell 431:440 arg1 sugars 442:447 whole-cell sugars 431:447 whole-cell sugars 431:447 The novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic as amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars. 25747424 4 16 theme amino 373:377 arg1 acid 379:382 amino acid 373:382 amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose 373:414 The novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic as amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars. 25747424 12 17 theme phylogenetic 1360:1371 arg1 data 1373:1376 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1326:1376 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1326:1376 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 2 18 theme novel 116:120 arg1 actinomycete 122:133 A novel actinomycete 114:133 A novel actinomycete 114:133 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 1 19 theme black 65:69 arg1 root 87:90 black false hellebore root 65:90 black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.) 65:111 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 1 19 theme black 65:69 arg1 L 109:109 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 5 20 theme predominant 454:464 arg1 MK-10 484:488 MK-10 484:488 MK-10 484:488 The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H8). 25747424 5 20 theme predominant 454:464 arg1 menaquinones 466:477 The predominant menaquinones 450:477 The predominant menaquinones 450:477 The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H8). 25747424 2 21 attach isolated 170:177 arg2 actinomycete 122:133 A novel actinomycete 114:133 A novel actinomycete 114:133 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 2 21 attach isolated 170:177 arg1 root 188:191 the root 184:191 the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.) 184:237 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 9 22 theme Plantactinospora 865:880 arg1 members 844:850 members 844:850 members of the genus Plantactinospora 844:880 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora. 25747424 11 23 from strains 1308:1314 arg1 differentiation 1242:1256 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1217:1256 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains 1217:1314 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 11 23 from strains 1308:1314 arg1 strain 1271:1276 the novel strain 1261:1276 the novel strain from the most closely related strains 1261:1314 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 11 24 theme DNA-DNA 1147:1153 arg1 hybridization 1155:1167 DNA-DNA hybridization 1147:1167 DNA-DNA hybridization 1147:1167 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 1 25 theme false 71:75 arg1 root 87:90 black false hellebore root 65:90 black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.) 65:111 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 1 25 theme false 71:75 arg1 L 109:109 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 0 26 theme veratri 17:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Plantactinospora veratri sp 0:26 Plantactinospora veratri sp. 0:27 Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 7 27 theme diagnostic 546:555 arg1 phospholipids 557:569 The diagnostic phospholipids 542:569 The diagnostic phospholipids 542:569 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 25747424 7 27 theme diagnostic 546:555 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 576:599 phosphatidylethanolamine 576:599 phosphatidylethanolamine 576:599 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 25747424 11 28 theme strain 1271:1276 arg1 differentiation 1242:1256 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1217:1256 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains 1217:1314 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 14 29 theme = 1585:1585 arg1 46718T 1591:1596  = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T 1568:1596  = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T 1568:1596 The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T). 25747424 14 29 theme = 1585:1585 arg1 NEAU-FHS4T 1556:1565 NEAU-FHS4T 1556:1565 NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T) 1556:1597 The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T). 25747424 1 30 theme hellebore 77:85 arg1 root 87:90 black false hellebore root 65:90 black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.) 65:111 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 1 30 theme hellebore 77:85 arg1 L 109:109 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 8 31 theme cellular 667:674 arg1 0 703:703 0 703:703 0 703:703 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25747424 8 31 theme cellular 667:674 arg1 acids 682:686 The predominant cellular fatty acids 651:686 The predominant cellular fatty acids 651:686 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25747424 0 32 theme Plantactinospora 0:15 arg1 sp 25:26 Plantactinospora veratri sp 0:26 Plantactinospora veratri sp. 0:27 Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 9 33 theme novel 799:803 arg1 isolate 805:811 the novel isolate 795:811 the novel isolate 795:811 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora. 25747424 10 34 theme sequence 897:904 arg1 analysis 906:913 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 883:913 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 883:913 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain NEAU-FHS4T belonged to the genus Plantactinospora, with highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %). 25747424 11 35 theme novel 1265:1269 arg1 strain 1271:1276 the novel strain 1261:1276 the novel strain from the most closely related strains 1261:1314 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 1 36 attach isolated 51:58 arg2 actinomycete 38:49 an actinomycete 35:49 an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.) 35:111 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 1 36 attach isolated 51:58 arg1 root 87:90 black false hellebore root 65:90 black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.) 65:111 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 1 36 attach isolated 51:58 arg1 L 109:109 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 11 37 theme biochemical 1191:1201 arg1 tests 1203:1207 physiological and biochemical tests 1173:1207 physiological and biochemical tests 1173:1207 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 4 38 theme novel 327:331 arg1 strain 333:338 The novel strain 323:338 The novel strain 323:338 The novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic as amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars. 25747424 10 39 theme gene 892:895 arg1 analysis 906:913 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 883:913 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 883:913 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain NEAU-FHS4T belonged to the genus Plantactinospora, with highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %). 25747424 10 40 theme strain 935:940 arg1 NEAU-FHS4T 942:951 strain NEAU-FHS4T 935:951 strain NEAU-FHS4T 935:951 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain NEAU-FHS4T belonged to the genus Plantactinospora, with highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %). 25747424 11 41 theme related 1300:1306 arg1 strains 1308:1314 the most closely related strains 1283:1314 the most closely related strains 1283:1314 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 12 42 theme veratri 1507:1513 arg1 sp 1515:1516 the name Plantactinospora veratri sp 1481:1516 the name Plantactinospora veratri sp 1481:1516 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 11 43 theme tests 1203:1207 arg1 results 1136:1142 The results 1132:1142 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests 1132:1207 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 3 44 from surfaces 291:298 arg1 mycelium 313:320 substrate mycelium 303:320 substrate mycelium 303:320 Strain NEAU-FHS4T formed single spores with smooth surfaces on substrate mycelium. 25747424 1 45 theme Veratrum 93:100 arg1 root 87:90 black false hellebore root 65:90 black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.) 65:111 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 1 45 theme Veratrum 93:100 arg1 L 109:109 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 1 46 dep actinomycete 38:49 arg1 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 11 47 theme physiological 1173:1185 arg1 tests 1203:1207 physiological and biochemical tests 1173:1207 physiological and biochemical tests 1173:1207 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 2 48 theme strain 147:152 arg1 NEAU-FHS4T 154:163 strain NEAU-FHS4T 147:163 strain NEAU-FHS4T 147:163 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 2 49 theme black 196:200 arg1 hellebore 208:216 black false hellebore 196:216 black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.) 196:237 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 2 49 theme black 196:200 arg1 L 235:235 Veratrum nigrum L. 219:236 Veratrum nigrum L. 219:236 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 6 50 theme Mycolic 509:515 arg1 acids 517:521 Mycolic acids 509:521 Mycolic acids 509:521 Mycolic acids were not detected. 25747424 11 51 from differentiation 1242:1256 arg1 strains 1308:1314 the most closely related strains 1283:1314 the most closely related strains 1283:1314 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 9 52 theme typical 833:839 arg1 characteristics 817:831 characteristics 817:831 characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora 817:880 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora. 25747424 12 53 theme Plantactinospora 1490:1505 arg1 sp 1515:1516 the name Plantactinospora veratri sp 1481:1516 the name Plantactinospora veratri sp 1481:1516 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 14 54 theme 4.7143T 1577:1583 arg1 46718T 1591:1596  = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T 1568:1596  = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T 1568:1596 The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T). 25747424 14 54 theme 4.7143T 1577:1583 arg1 NEAU-FHS4T 1556:1565 NEAU-FHS4T 1556:1565 NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T) 1556:1597 The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T). 25747424 8 55 dep C16 706:708 arg1 0 721:721 0 721:721 0 721:721 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25747424 8 55 dep C16 706:708 arg1 0 741:741 0 741:741 0 741:741 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25747424 8 55 dep C16 706:708 arg1 anteiso-C17 727:737 anteiso-C17 727:737 anteiso-C17 727:737 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25747424 14 56 theme CGMCC 1571:1575 arg1 46718T 1591:1596  = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T 1568:1596  = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T 1568:1596 The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T). 25747424 14 56 theme CGMCC 1571:1575 arg1 NEAU-FHS4T 1556:1565 NEAU-FHS4T 1556:1565 NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T) 1556:1597 The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T). 25747424 1 57 theme nigrum 102:107 arg1 root 87:90 black false hellebore root 65:90 black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.) 65:111 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 1 57 theme nigrum 102:107 arg1 L 109:109 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 Veratrum nigrum L. 93:110 nov., an actinomycete isolated from black false hellebore root (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 9 58 theme members 844:850 arg1 typical 833:839 typical 833:839 typical 833:839 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora. 25747424 12 59 theme Plantactinospora 1453:1468 arg1 species 1432:1438 a novel species 1424:1438 a novel species 1424:1438 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 12 60 theme morphological 1326:1338 arg1 data 1373:1376 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1326:1376 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1326:1376 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 11 61 theme phenotypic 1231:1240 arg1 differentiation 1242:1256 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1217:1256 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains 1217:1314 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25747424 14 62 theme DSM 1587:1589 arg1 46718T 1591:1596  = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T 1568:1596  = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T 1568:1596 The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T). 25747424 14 62 theme DSM 1587:1589 arg1 NEAU-FHS4T 1556:1565 NEAU-FHS4T 1556:1565 NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T) 1556:1597 The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T). 25747424 14 63 theme type 1541:1544 arg1 NEAU-FHS4T 1556:1565 NEAU-FHS4T 1556:1565 NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T) 1556:1597 The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T). 25747424 14 63 theme type 1541:1544 arg1 strain 1546:1551 The type strain 1537:1551 The type strain 1537:1551 The type strain is NEAU-FHS4T ( = CGMCC 4.7143T = DSM 46718T). 25747424 12 64 theme genus 1447:1451 arg1 Plantactinospora 1453:1468 the genus Plantactinospora 1443:1468 the genus Plantactinospora 1443:1468 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 2 65 theme Veratrum 219:226 arg1 hellebore 208:216 black false hellebore 196:216 black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.) 196:237 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 2 65 theme Veratrum 219:226 arg1 L 235:235 Veratrum nigrum L. 219:236 Veratrum nigrum L. 219:236 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 9 66 contain had 813:815 arg1 isolate 805:811 the novel isolate 795:811 the novel isolate 795:811 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora. 25747424 9 66 contain had 813:815 arg2 characteristics 817:831 characteristics 817:831 characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora 817:880 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora. 25747424 4 67 dep peptidoglycan 391:403 arg1 the 387:389 the 387:389 the 387:389 The novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic as amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars. 25747424 2 68 theme nigrum 228:233 arg1 hellebore 208:216 black false hellebore 196:216 black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.) 196:237 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 2 68 theme nigrum 228:233 arg1 L 235:235 Veratrum nigrum L. 219:236 Veratrum nigrum L. 219:236 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 4 69 theme peptidoglycan 391:403 arg1 acid 379:382 amino acid 373:382 amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose 373:414 The novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic as amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars. 25747424 4 69 theme peptidoglycan 391:403 arg1 glucose 420:426 glucose 420:426 glucose 420:426 The novel strain contained meso-diaminopimelic as amino acid of the peptidoglycan and xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars. 25747424 12 70 theme strain 1379:1384 arg1 NEAU-FHS4T 1386:1395 strain NEAU-FHS4T 1379:1395 strain NEAU-FHS4T 1379:1395 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 9 71 theme genus 859:863 arg1 Plantactinospora 865:880 the genus Plantactinospora 855:880 the genus Plantactinospora 855:880 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the novel isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Plantactinospora. 25747424 10 72 theme highest 998:1004 arg1 similarities 1015:1026 highest sequence similarities 998:1026 highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %) 998:1129 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain NEAU-FHS4T belonged to the genus Plantactinospora, with highest sequence similarities to Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T (98.88 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.85 %). 25747424 2 73 theme hellebore 208:216 arg1 root 188:191 the root 184:191 the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.) 184:237 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 12 74 theme chemotaxonomic 1341:1354 arg1 data 1373:1376 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1326:1376 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1326:1376 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-FHS4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora veratri sp. 25747424 3 75 theme smooth 284:289 arg1 surfaces 291:298 smooth surfaces 284:298 smooth surfaces on substrate mycelium 284:320 Strain NEAU-FHS4T formed single spores with smooth surfaces on substrate mycelium. 25747424 2 76 theme false 202:206 arg1 hellebore 208:216 black false hellebore 196:216 black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.) 196:237 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 2 76 theme false 202:206 arg1 L 235:235 Veratrum nigrum L. 219:236 Veratrum nigrum L. 219:236 A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FHS4T, was isolated from the root of black false hellebore (Veratrum nigrum L.). 25747424 11 77 theme genotypic 1217:1225 arg1 differentiation 1242:1256 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1217:1256 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains 1217:1314 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from the most closely related strains. 25525125 3 0 theme genus 263:267 arg1 Actinomadura 269:280 the genus Actinomadura 259:280 the genus Actinomadura based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 259:338 The strain belonged to the genus Actinomadura based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. 25525125 6 1 theme predominant 543:553 arg1 MK-9 573:576 MK-9 573:576 MK-9 573:576 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4). 25525125 6 1 theme predominant 543:553 arg1 menaquinones 555:566 The predominant menaquinones 539:566 The predominant menaquinones 539:566 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4). 25525125 11 2 theme JCM 1059:1061 arg1 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) was 37.6-42.6 %. 25525125 11 2 theme JCM 1059:1061 arg1 6250 1063:1066 A. atramentaria JCM 6250 1043:1066 A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) 1043:1069 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) was 37.6-42.6 %. 25525125 7 3 theme major 610:614 arg1 C16  642:645 C16  642:645 C16  642:645 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25525125 7 3 theme major 610:614 arg1 acids 631:635 The major cellular fatty acids 606:635 The major cellular fatty acids 606:635 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25525125 9 4 theme DNA 788:790 arg1 content 796:802 The genomic DNA G+C content 776:802 The genomic DNA G+C content 776:802 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 25525125 9 4 theme DNA 788:790 arg1 % 816:816 73.7 mol% 808:816 73.7 mol% 808:816 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 25525125 10 5 theme JCM 958:960 arg1 % 976:976 97.5 % 971:976 97.5 % 971:976 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 5 theme JCM 958:960 arg1 T 967:967 T 967:967 T 967:967 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 5 theme JCM 958:960 arg1 6250 962:965 the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250 920:965 the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %) 920:977 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 3 6 theme chemotaxonomic 309:322 arg1 characteristics 324:338 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 291:338 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 291:338 The strain belonged to the genus Actinomadura based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. 25525125 13 7 theme strain 1353:1358 arg1  = PCU 1401:1406 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332 1348:1410 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T) 1348:1413 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 7 theme strain 1353:1358 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 9 8 theme genomic 780:786 arg1 content 796:802 The genomic DNA G+C content 776:802 The genomic DNA G+C content 776:802 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 25525125 9 8 theme genomic 780:786 arg1 % 816:816 73.7 mol% 808:816 73.7 mol% 808:816 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 25525125 13 9 theme  = JCM 1370:1375 arg1  = PCU 1401:1406 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332 1348:1410 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T) 1348:1413 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 9 theme  = JCM 1370:1375 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 1 10 theme peat 49:52 arg1 soil 67:70 peat swamp forest soil 49:70 peat swamp forest soil 49:70 nov., isolated from peat swamp forest soil. 25525125 13 11 theme  = TISTR 1385:1392 arg1  = PCU 1401:1406 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332 1348:1410 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T) 1348:1413 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 11 theme  = TISTR 1385:1392 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 12 12 dep characteristics 1119:1133 arg1 the 1091:1093 the 1091:1093 the 1091:1093 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 12 12 dep characteristics 1119:1133 arg1 basis 1095:1099 basis 1095:1099 basis 1095:1099 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 7 13 dep C16  642:645 arg1  0 663:664  0 663:664 C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 642:664 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25525125 7 13 dep C16  642:645 arg1 iso-C16  654:661 iso-C16  654:661 iso-C16  654:661 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25525125 7 13 dep C16  642:645 arg1  0 647:648  0 647:648  0 647:648 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25525125 4 14 theme meso-diaminopimelic 385:403 arg1 acid 405:408 meso-diaminopimelic acid 385:408 meso-diaminopimelic acid 385:408 Cell-wall analysis revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer. 25525125 1 15 theme swamp 54:58 arg1 soil 67:70 peat swamp forest soil 49:70 peat swamp forest soil 49:70 nov., isolated from peat swamp forest soil. 25525125 13 16 dep nov 1342:1344 arg1  = PCU 1401:1406 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332 1348:1410 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T) 1348:1413 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 16 dep nov 1342:1344 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 7 17 theme cellular 616:623 arg1 C16  642:645 C16  642:645 C16  642:645 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25525125 7 17 theme cellular 616:623 arg1 acids 631:635 The major cellular fatty acids 606:635 The major cellular fatty acids 606:635 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25525125 3 18 theme morphological 291:303 arg1 characteristics 324:338 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 291:338 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 291:338 The strain belonged to the genus Actinomadura based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. 25525125 9 19 theme G+C 792:794 arg1 content 796:802 The genomic DNA G+C content 776:802 The genomic DNA G+C content 776:802 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 25525125 9 19 theme G+C 792:794 arg1 % 816:816 73.7 mol% 808:816 73.7 mol% 808:816 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 25525125 1 20 theme forest 60:65 arg1 soil 67:70 peat swamp forest soil 49:70 peat swamp forest soil 49:70 nov., isolated from peat swamp forest soil. 25525125 5 21 theme whole-cell 487:496 arg1 hydrolysates 498:509 whole-cell hydrolysates 487:509 whole-cell hydrolysates 487:509 The diagnostic sugar in whole-cell hydrolysates was identified as madurose. 25525125 10 22 theme sequence 849:856 arg1 similarity 858:867 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 835:867 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 835:876 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 8 23 theme phosphatidylinositol 744:763 arg1 mannoside 765:773 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 744:773 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 744:773 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. 25525125 12 24 theme Actinomadura 1280:1291 arg1 species 1259:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 4 25 theme Cell-wall 341:349 arg1 analysis 351:358 Cell-wall analysis 341:358 Cell-wall analysis 341:358 Cell-wall analysis revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer. 25525125 2 26 theme polyphasic 215:224 arg1 approach 226:233 a polyphasic approach 213:233 a polyphasic approach 213:233 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 0 27 theme rayongensis 13:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Actinomadura rayongensis sp 0:26 Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 0:27 Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 12 28 theme genus 1274:1278 arg1 Actinomadura 1280:1291 the genus Actinomadura 1270:1291 the genus Actinomadura 1270:1291 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 12 29 theme type 1224:1227 arg1 strain 1229:1234 the closely related type strain 1204:1234 the closely related type strain 1204:1234 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 13 30 theme T 1399:1399 arg1  = PCU 1401:1406 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332 1348:1410 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T) 1348:1413 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 30 theme T 1399:1399 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 12 31 theme Actinomadura 1313:1324 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp 1304:1339 the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp 1304:1339 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 0 32 theme Actinomadura 0:11 arg1 sp 25:26 Actinomadura rayongensis sp 0:26 Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 0:27 Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 4 33 theme N-acetylmuramic 414:428 arg1 acid 430:433 N-acetylmuramic acid 414:433 N-acetylmuramic acid 414:433 Cell-wall analysis revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer. 25525125 10 34 theme strain 879:884 arg1 T 894:894 T 894:894 T 894:894 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 34 theme strain 879:884 arg1 RY35-68 886:892 strain RY35-68 879:892 strain RY35-68(T) 879:895 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 35 theme atramentaria 945:956 arg1 % 976:976 97.5 % 971:976 97.5 % 971:976 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 35 theme atramentaria 945:956 arg1 T 967:967 T 967:967 T 967:967 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 35 theme atramentaria 945:956 arg1 6250 962:965 the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250 920:965 the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %) 920:977 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 9 36 theme mol 813:815 arg1 content 796:802 The genomic DNA G+C content 776:802 The genomic DNA G+C content 776:802 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 25525125 9 36 theme mol 813:815 arg1 % 816:816 73.7 mol% 808:816 73.7 mol% 808:816 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 25525125 13 37 theme 19830 1377:1381 arg1  = PCU 1401:1406 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332 1348:1410 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T) 1348:1413 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 37 theme 19830 1377:1381 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 11 38 theme A. 1043:1044 arg1 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) was 37.6-42.6 %. 25525125 11 38 theme A. 1043:1044 arg1 6250 1063:1066 A. atramentaria JCM 6250 1043:1066 A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) 1043:1069 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) was 37.6-42.6 %. 25525125 12 39 theme phenotypic 1108:1117 arg1 characteristics 1119:1133 its phenotypic characteristics 1104:1133 its phenotypic characteristics 1104:1133 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 12 40 theme related 1216:1222 arg1 strain 1229:1234 the closely related type strain 1204:1234 the closely related type strain 1204:1234 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 4 41 from presence 373:380 arg1 layer 456:460 the peptidoglycan layer 438:460 the peptidoglycan layer 438:460 Cell-wall analysis revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer. 25525125 2 42 theme forest 140:145 arg1 soil 147:150 a peat swamp forest soil 127:150 a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand 127:186 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 10 43 theme analysis 869:876 arg1 related 909:915 related 909:915 related 909:915 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 5 44 theme diagnostic 467:476 arg1 madurose 529:536 madurose 529:536 madurose 529:536 The diagnostic sugar in whole-cell hydrolysates was identified as madurose. 25525125 5 44 theme diagnostic 467:476 arg1 sugar 478:482 The diagnostic sugar 463:482 The diagnostic sugar in whole-cell hydrolysates 463:509 The diagnostic sugar in whole-cell hydrolysates was identified as madurose. 25525125 10 45 dep analysis 869:876 arg1 basis 826:830 basis 826:830 basis 826:830 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 45 dep analysis 869:876 arg1 the 822:824 the 822:824 the 822:824 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 2 46 theme swamp 134:138 arg1 soil 147:150 a peat swamp forest soil 127:150 a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand 127:186 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 13 47 theme T 1368:1368 arg1  = PCU 1401:1406 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332 1348:1410 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T) 1348:1413 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 47 theme T 1368:1368 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 12 48 theme name 1308:1311 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp 1304:1339 the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp 1304:1339 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 2 49 theme actinomycete 81:92 arg1 strain 94:99 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68 73:107 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T) 73:110 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 2 49 theme actinomycete 81:92 arg1 T 109:109 T 109:109 T 109:109 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 2 50 theme peat 129:132 arg1 soil 147:150 a peat swamp forest soil 127:150 a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand 127:186 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 5 51 from sugar 478:482 arg1 hydrolysates 498:509 whole-cell hydrolysates 487:509 whole-cell hydrolysates 487:509 The diagnostic sugar in whole-cell hydrolysates was identified as madurose. 25525125 11 52 dep A. 1043:1044 arg1 atramentaria 1046:1057 atramentaria 1046:1057 atramentaria 1046:1057 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) was 37.6-42.6 %. 25525125 2 53 theme novel 75:79 arg1 strain 94:99 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68 73:107 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T) 73:110 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 2 53 theme novel 75:79 arg1 T 109:109 T 109:109 T 109:109 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 4 54 theme peptidoglycan 442:454 arg1 layer 456:460 the peptidoglycan layer 438:460 the peptidoglycan layer 438:460 Cell-wall analysis revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer. 25525125 11 55 theme DNA-DNA 993:999 arg1 relatedness 1001:1011 DNA-DNA relatedness 993:1011 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) 993:1069 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) was 37.6-42.6 %. 25525125 12 56 theme novel 1253:1257 arg1 species 1259:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 25525125 2 57 attach isolated 113:120 arg2 strain 94:99 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68 73:107 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T) 73:110 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 2 57 attach isolated 113:120 arg2 T 109:109 T 109:109 T 109:109 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 2 57 attach isolated 113:120 arg1 sample 152:157 a peat swamp forest soil sample 127:157 a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand 127:186 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 8 58 theme polar 677:681 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 695:716 diphosphatidylglycerol 695:716 diphosphatidylglycerol 695:716 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. 25525125 8 58 theme polar 677:681 arg1 lipids 683:688 The major polar lipids 667:688 The major polar lipids 667:688 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. 25525125 7 59 theme fatty 625:629 arg1 C16  642:645 C16  642:645 C16  642:645 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25525125 7 59 theme fatty 625:629 arg1 acids 631:635 The major cellular fatty acids 606:635 The major cellular fatty acids 606:635 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25525125 11 60 theme relatedness 1001:1011 arg1 % 1085:1085 37.6-42.6 % 1075:1085 37.6-42.6 % 1075:1085 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) was 37.6-42.6 %. 25525125 11 60 theme relatedness 1001:1011 arg1 value 984:988 The value 980:988 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) 980:1069 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) was 37.6-42.6 %. 25525125 10 61 theme Actinomadura 932:943 arg1 % 976:976 97.5 % 971:976 97.5 % 971:976 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 61 theme Actinomadura 932:943 arg1 T 967:967 T 967:967 T 967:967 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 61 theme Actinomadura 932:943 arg1 6250 962:965 the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250 920:965 the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %) 920:977 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 62 theme species 924:930 arg1 % 976:976 97.5 % 971:976 97.5 % 971:976 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 62 theme species 924:930 arg1 T 967:967 T 967:967 T 967:967 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 62 theme species 924:930 arg1 6250 962:965 the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250 920:965 the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %) 920:977 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 8 63 theme major 671:675 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 695:716 diphosphatidylglycerol 695:716 diphosphatidylglycerol 695:716 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. 25525125 8 63 theme major 671:675 arg1 lipids 683:688 The major polar lipids 667:688 The major polar lipids 667:688 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. 25525125 4 64 theme acid 405:408 arg1 presence 373:380 the presence 369:380 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer 369:460 Cell-wall analysis revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer. 25525125 13 65 theme type 1348:1351 arg1  = PCU 1401:1406 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332 1348:1410 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T) 1348:1413 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 65 theme type 1348:1351 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 11 66 theme strain 1021:1026 arg1 T 1036:1036 T 1036:1036 T 1036:1036 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) was 37.6-42.6 %. 25525125 11 66 theme strain 1021:1026 arg1 RY35-68 1028:1034 strain RY35-68 1021:1034 strain RY35-68(T) 1021:1037 The value of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain RY35-68(T) and A. atramentaria JCM 6250(T) was 37.6-42.6 %. 25525125 2 67 from sample 152:157 arg1 Thailand 179:186 Thailand 179:186 Thailand 179:186 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 10 68 theme rRNA 839:842 arg1 similarity 858:867 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 835:867 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 835:876 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 4 69 theme acid 430:433 arg1 presence 373:380 the presence 369:380 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer 369:460 Cell-wall analysis revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer. 25525125 10 70 theme similarity 858:867 arg1 analysis 869:876 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 835:876 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 835:876 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 4 71 attach presence 373:380 arg2 acid 405:408 meso-diaminopimelic acid 385:408 meso-diaminopimelic acid 385:408 Cell-wall analysis revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer. 25525125 4 71 attach presence 373:380 arg2 acid 430:433 N-acetylmuramic acid 414:433 N-acetylmuramic acid 414:433 Cell-wall analysis revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer. 25525125 4 71 attach presence 373:380 arg1 layer 456:460 the peptidoglycan layer 438:460 the peptidoglycan layer 438:460 Cell-wall analysis revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer. 25525125 2 72 theme soil 147:150 arg1 sample 152:157 a peat swamp forest soil sample 127:157 a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand 127:186 A novel actinomycete strain RY35-68(T), isolated from a peat swamp forest soil sample in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 25525125 10 73 theme 16S 835:837 arg1 similarity 858:867 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 835:867 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 835:876 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 10 74 theme gene 844:847 arg1 similarity 858:867 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 835:867 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 835:876 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY35-68(T) was closely related to the species Actinomadura atramentaria JCM 6250(T) (97.5 %). 25525125 13 75 theme 2211 1394:1397 arg1  = PCU 1401:1406 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332 1348:1410 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T) 1348:1413 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 75 theme 2211 1394:1397 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 76 theme T 1383:1383 arg1  = PCU 1401:1406 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332 1348:1410 type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T) 1348:1413 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 13 76 theme T 1383:1383 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 nov. (type strain RY35-68(T) = JCM 19830(T) = TISTR 2211(T) = PCU 332(T)) is proposed. 25525125 12 77 theme rayongensis 1326:1336 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp 1304:1339 the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp 1304:1339 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and these results mentioned, this strain could be distinguished from the closely related type strain and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura rayongensis sp. 28857031 5 0 theme % 657:657 arg1 NaCl 665:668 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 653:668 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 653:668 The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7 in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 28857031 13 1 theme type 1290:1293 arg1 D7T301T 1305:1311 D7T301T 1305:1311 D7T301T (=KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T) 1305:1337 The type strain is D7T301T (=KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T). 28857031 13 1 theme type 1290:1293 arg1 strain 1295:1300 The type strain 1286:1300 The type strain 1286:1300 The type strain is D7T301T (=KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T). 28857031 9 2 theme respiratory 859:869 arg1 quinone 871:877 The predominant respiratory quinone 843:877 The predominant respiratory quinone 843:877 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7 (85.1 %). 28857031 9 2 theme respiratory 859:869 arg1 MK-7 895:898 menaquinone MK-7 883:898 menaquinone MK-7 883:898 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7 (85.1 %). 28857031 11 3 theme CIP 1090:1092 arg1 109914T 1094:1100 V. penaei CIP 109914T 1080:1100 V. penaei CIP 109914T 1080:1100 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 12 4 theme Vagococcus 1274:1283 arg1 Vagococcusmartis 1213:1228 Vagococcusmartis 1213:1228 Vagococcusmartis 1213:1228 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 12 4 theme Vagococcus 1274:1283 arg1 species 1253:1259 a novel species 1245:1259 a novel species of the genus Vagococcus 1245:1283 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 3 5 theme irregular 429:437 arg1 form 439:442 irregular form 429:442 irregular form 429:442 Grown on a tryptic soy yeast agar plate, colonies had a creamy colour and irregular form. 28857031 2 6 attach isolated 214:221 arg2 bacterium 172:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 2 6 attach isolated 214:221 arg1 intestine 238:246 the small intestine 228:246 the small intestine of a marten 228:258 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 11 7 dep V. 1080:1081 arg1 penaei 1083:1088 penaei 1083:1088 penaei 1083:1088 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 11 8 theme average 976:982 arg1 value 1004:1008 The average nucleotide identity value 972:1008 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T 972:1100 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 11 8 theme average 976:982 arg1 % 1111:1111 72.6 % 1106:1111 72.6 % 1106:1111 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 12 9 theme genotypic 1193:1201 arg1 analyses 1203:1210 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses 1130:1210 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses 1130:1210 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 4 10 from CD276T 512:517 arg1 tree 547:550 a phylogenetic consensus tree 522:550 a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 522:586 The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 28857031 11 11 theme strain 1061:1066 arg1 D7T301T 1068:1074 strain D7T301T 1061:1074 strain D7T301T 1061:1074 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 1 12 theme small 46:50 arg1 intestine 52:60 the small intestine 42:60 the small intestine of a marten 42:72 nov., isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula. 28857031 2 13 theme marten 253:258 arg1 intestine 238:246 the small intestine 228:246 the small intestine of a marten 228:258 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 1 14 attach isolated 28:35 arg1 intestine 52:60 the small intestine 42:60 the small intestine of a marten 42:72 nov., isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula. 28857031 1 14 attach isolated 28:35 arg2 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov., isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula. 28857031 3 15 contain had 405:407 arg2 form 439:442 irregular form 429:442 irregular form 429:442 Grown on a tryptic soy yeast agar plate, colonies had a creamy colour and irregular form. 28857031 3 15 contain had 405:407 arg2 colour 418:423 a creamy colour 409:423 a creamy colour 409:423 Grown on a tryptic soy yeast agar plate, colonies had a creamy colour and irregular form. 28857031 3 15 contain had 405:407 arg1 colonies 396:403 colonies 396:403 colonies 396:403 Grown on a tryptic soy yeast agar plate, colonies had a creamy colour and irregular form. 28857031 11 16 theme nucleotide 984:993 arg1 value 1004:1008 The average nucleotide identity value 972:1008 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T 972:1100 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 11 16 theme nucleotide 984:993 arg1 % 1111:1111 72.6 % 1106:1111 72.6 % 1106:1111 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 3 17 theme soy 374:376 arg1 plate 389:393 a tryptic soy yeast agar plate 364:393 a tryptic soy yeast agar plate 364:393 Grown on a tryptic soy yeast agar plate, colonies had a creamy colour and irregular form. 28857031 13 18 theme =KCTC 1314:1318 arg1 D7T301T 1305:1311 D7T301T 1305:1311 D7T301T (=KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T) 1305:1337 The type strain is D7T301T (=KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T). 28857031 13 18 theme =KCTC 1314:1318 arg1 31178T 1331:1336 =KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T 1314:1336 =KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T 1314:1336 The type strain is D7T301T (=KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T). 28857031 11 19 theme identity 995:1002 arg1 value 1004:1008 The average nucleotide identity value 972:1008 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T 972:1100 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 11 19 theme identity 995:1002 arg1 % 1111:1111 72.6 % 1106:1111 72.6 % 1106:1111 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 7 20 theme cell-wall 723:731 arg1 peptidoglycan 733:745 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 719:745 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 719:745 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp. 28857031 7 20 theme cell-wall 723:731 arg1 l-Lys-d-Asp 760:770 l-Lys-d-Asp 760:770 l-Lys-d-Asp 760:770 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp. 28857031 3 21 theme yeast 378:382 arg1 plate 389:393 a tryptic soy yeast agar plate 364:393 a tryptic soy yeast agar plate 364:393 Grown on a tryptic soy yeast agar plate, colonies had a creamy colour and irregular form. 28857031 0 22 theme martis 11:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Vagococcus martis sp 0:19 Vagococcus martis sp. 0:20 Vagococcus martis sp. 28857031 2 23 theme coccus-shaped 101:113 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 2 24 from road 303:306 arg1 Republic 336:343 Republic 336:343 Republic 336:343 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 2 24 from road 303:306 arg1 Gyeonggi-do 323:333 Gyeonggi-do 323:333 Gyeonggi-do 323:333 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 11 25 theme genomic 1036:1042 arg1 analysis 1044:1051 comparative genomic analysis 1024:1051 comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T 1024:1100 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 2 26 theme Gram-stain-positive 116:134 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 4 27 theme 16S 565:567 arg1 rRNA 569:572 the 16S rRNA 561:572 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 561:586 The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 28857031 0 28 theme Vagococcus 0:9 arg1 sp 18:19 Vagococcus martis sp 0:19 Vagococcus martis sp. 0:20 Vagococcus martis sp. 28857031 4 29 theme monophyletic 470:481 arg1 clade 483:487 a monophyletic clade 468:487 a monophyletic clade 468:487 The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 28857031 9 30 dep MK-7 895:898 arg1 % 906:906 85.1 % 901:906 85.1 % 901:906 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7 (85.1 %). 28857031 1 31 theme marten 67:72 arg1 intestine 52:60 the small intestine 42:60 the small intestine of a marten 42:72 nov., isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula. 28857031 8 32 theme cellular 783:790 arg1 C16  809:812 C16  809:812 C16  809:812 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 1ω9c. 28857031 8 32 theme cellular 783:790 arg1 acids 798:802 The major cellular fatty acids 773:802 The major cellular fatty acids 773:802 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 1ω9c. 28857031 3 33 theme tryptic 366:372 arg1 plate 389:393 a tryptic soy yeast agar plate 364:393 a tryptic soy yeast agar plate 364:393 Grown on a tryptic soy yeast agar plate, colonies had a creamy colour and irregular form. 28857031 5 34 dep % 657:657 arg1 w/v 660:662 w/v 660:662 w/v 660:662 The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7 in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 28857031 13 35 theme 21069T=JCM 1320:1329 arg1 D7T301T 1305:1311 D7T301T 1305:1311 D7T301T (=KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T) 1305:1337 The type strain is D7T301T (=KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T). 28857031 13 35 theme 21069T=JCM 1320:1329 arg1 31178T 1331:1336 =KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T 1314:1336 =KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T 1314:1336 The type strain is D7T301T (=KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T). 28857031 8 36 theme major 777:781 arg1 C16  809:812 C16  809:812 C16  809:812 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 1ω9c. 28857031 8 36 theme major 777:781 arg1 acids 798:802 The major cellular fatty acids 773:802 The major cellular fatty acids 773:802 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 1ω9c. 28857031 2 37 theme aerobic 164:170 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 11 38 theme comparative 1024:1034 arg1 analysis 1044:1051 comparative genomic analysis 1024:1051 comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T 1024:1100 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 10 39 theme genome 939:944 arg1 sequencing 946:955 genome sequencing 939:955 genome sequencing 939:955 The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing was 33.8 mol%. 28857031 2 40 theme facultative 152:162 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 12 41 theme biochemical 1160:1170 arg1 analyses 1203:1210 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses 1130:1210 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses 1130:1210 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 8 42 theme fatty 792:796 arg1 C16  809:812 C16  809:812 C16  809:812 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 1ω9c. 28857031 8 42 theme fatty 792:796 arg1 acids 798:802 The major cellular fatty acids 773:802 The major cellular fatty acids 773:802 The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 1ω9c. 28857031 3 43 theme agar 384:387 arg1 plate 389:393 a tryptic soy yeast agar plate 364:393 a tryptic soy yeast agar plate 364:393 Grown on a tryptic soy yeast agar plate, colonies had a creamy colour and irregular form. 28857031 4 44 theme gene 574:577 arg1 sequence 579:586 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 561:586 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 561:586 The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 28857031 4 45 theme new 449:451 arg1 isolate 453:459 The new isolate 445:459 The new isolate 445:459 The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 28857031 4 46 theme Vagococcus 494:503 arg1 CD276T 512:517 Vagococcus penaei CD276T 494:517 Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 494:586 The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 28857031 12 47 theme novel 1247:1251 arg1 Vagococcusmartis 1213:1228 Vagococcusmartis 1213:1228 Vagococcusmartis 1213:1228 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 12 47 theme novel 1247:1251 arg1 species 1253:1259 a novel species 1245:1259 a novel species of the genus Vagococcus 1245:1283 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 5 48 theme NaCl 665:668 arg1 presence 641:648 the presence 637:648 the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 637:668 The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7 in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 28857031 10 49 theme G+C 918:920 arg1 content 922:928 The DNA G+C content 910:928 The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing 910:955 The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing was 33.8 mol%. 28857031 10 49 theme G+C 918:920 arg1 % 969:969 33.8 mol% 961:969 33.8 mol% 961:969 The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing was 33.8 mol%. 28857031 2 50 theme non-motile 137:146 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 12 51 theme chemotaxonomic 1173:1186 arg1 analyses 1203:1210 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses 1130:1210 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses 1130:1210 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 12 52 dep analyses 1203:1210 arg1 the 1117:1119 the 1117:1119 the 1117:1119 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 12 52 dep analyses 1203:1210 arg1 basis 1121:1125 basis 1121:1125 basis 1121:1125 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 3 53 theme creamy 411:416 arg1 colour 418:423 a creamy colour 409:423 a creamy colour 409:423 Grown on a tryptic soy yeast agar plate, colonies had a creamy colour and irregular form. 28857031 9 54 theme predominant 847:857 arg1 quinone 871:877 The predominant respiratory quinone 843:877 The predominant respiratory quinone 843:877 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7 (85.1 %). 28857031 9 54 theme predominant 847:857 arg1 MK-7 895:898 menaquinone MK-7 883:898 menaquinone MK-7 883:898 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7 (85.1 %). 28857031 10 55 theme DNA 914:916 arg1 content 922:928 The DNA G+C content 910:928 The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing 910:955 The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing was 33.8 mol%. 28857031 10 55 theme DNA 914:916 arg1 % 969:969 33.8 mol% 961:969 33.8 mol% 961:969 The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing was 33.8 mol%. 28857031 2 56 theme strain 194:199 arg1 D7T301T 201:207 strain D7T301T 194:207 strain D7T301T 194:207 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 4 57 dep Vagococcus 494:503 arg1 penaei 505:510 penaei 505:510 penaei 505:510 The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 28857031 11 58 theme V. 1080:1081 arg1 109914T 1094:1100 V. penaei CIP 109914T 1080:1100 V. penaei CIP 109914T 1080:1100 The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. 28857031 12 59 theme phenotypic 1134:1143 arg1 analyses 1203:1210 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses 1130:1210 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses 1130:1210 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 10 60 theme 33.8 mol 961:968 arg1 content 922:928 The DNA G+C content 910:928 The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing 910:955 The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing was 33.8 mol%. 28857031 10 60 theme 33.8 mol 961:968 arg1 % 969:969 33.8 mol% 961:969 33.8 mol% 961:969 The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing was 33.8 mol%. 28857031 12 61 theme genus 1268:1272 arg1 Vagococcus 1274:1283 the genus Vagococcus 1264:1283 the genus Vagococcus 1264:1283 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 4 62 theme phylogenetic 524:535 arg1 tree 547:550 a phylogenetic consensus tree 522:550 a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 522:586 The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 28857031 2 63 theme small 232:236 arg1 intestine 238:246 the small intestine 228:246 the small intestine of a marten 228:258 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 12 64 theme phylogenetic 1146:1157 arg1 analyses 1203:1210 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses 1130:1210 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses 1130:1210 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. 28857031 4 65 theme rRNA 569:572 arg1 sequence 579:586 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 561:586 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 561:586 The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 28857031 5 66 theme 0.5  653:656 arg1 % 657:657 % 657:657 % 657:657 The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7 in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 28857031 2 67 theme novel 95:99 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium 93:180 A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. 28857031 9 68 theme menaquinone 883:893 arg1 quinone 871:877 The predominant respiratory quinone 843:877 The predominant respiratory quinone 843:877 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7 (85.1 %). 28857031 9 68 theme menaquinone 883:893 arg1 MK-7 895:898 menaquinone MK-7 883:898 menaquinone MK-7 883:898 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7 (85.1 %). 28857031 4 69 theme consensus 537:545 arg1 tree 547:550 a phylogenetic consensus tree 522:550 a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 522:586 The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 28820096 2 0 theme DSM 341:343 arg1 20016T 345:350 Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T 319:350 Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T 319:350 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 10 1 theme Lactobacillus 1490:1502 arg1 sp 1511:1512 name Lactobacillus caviae sp 1485:1512 name Lactobacillus caviae sp 1485:1512 The species name Lactobacillus caviae sp. 28820096 11 2 theme =CCM 1569:1572 arg1 28780T 1596:1601 =CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T 1569:1601 =CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T 1569:1601 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 11 2 theme =CCM 1569:1572 arg1 MOZM2T 1561:1566 MOZM2T 1561:1566 MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T) 1561:1602 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 2 3 theme 98.4  275:279 arg1 % 280:280 % 280:280 % 280:280 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 10 4 dep sp 1511:1512 arg1 species 1477:1483 The species 1473:1483 The species 1473:1483 The species name Lactobacillus caviae sp. 28820096 9 5 theme examined 1346:1353 arg1 taxon 1403:1407 a new taxon 1397:1407 a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli 1397:1470 We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. 28820096 9 5 theme examined 1346:1353 arg1 isolate 1365:1371 the examined bacterial isolate 1342:1371 the examined bacterial isolate 1342:1371 We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. 28820096 2 6 theme gene 291:294 arg1 identity 305:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 2 7 theme 16S 282:284 arg1 identity 305:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 1 8 theme guinea 109:114 arg1 pig 116:118 a guinea pig 107:118 a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 107:146 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 1 8 theme guinea 109:114 arg1 porcellus 137:145 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 121:145 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 121:145 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 3 9 theme calculated 543:552 arg1 similarities 563:574 calculated sequence similarities 543:574 calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively 543:613 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 6 10 theme  0 1118:1119 arg1 acids 1127:1131  0 fatty acids 1118:1131 C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids 1072:1131 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 4 11 theme % 652:652 arg1 degree 654:659 a 42 % degree 647:659 a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T 647:732 DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. 28820096 9 12 theme new 1399:1401 arg1 taxon 1403:1407 a new taxon 1397:1407 a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli 1397:1470 We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. 28820096 9 12 theme new 1399:1401 arg1 isolate 1365:1371 the examined bacterial isolate 1342:1371 the examined bacterial isolate 1342:1371 We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. 28820096 3 13 theme 92.8 579:582 arg1 % 599:599 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 % 579:599 % 599:599 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 5 14 theme end 880:882 arg1 products 884:891 the end products 876:891 the end products of hexose catabolism 876:912 Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. 28820096 6 15 theme significant 983:993 arg1 differences 995:1005 significant differences 983:1005 significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids 983:1131 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 3 16 theme Comparative 424:434 arg1 analyses 436:443 Comparative analyses 424:443 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes 424:482 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 2 17 theme bacterial 232:240 arg1 MOZM2T 260:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 1 18 theme aperea 127:132 arg1 pig 116:118 a guinea pig 107:118 a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 107:146 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 1 18 theme aperea 127:132 arg1 porcellus 137:145 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 121:145 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 121:145 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 6 19 theme profiles 963:970 arg1 analysis 927:934 Comparative analysis 915:934 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles 915:970 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 6 20 theme fatty 952:956 arg1 profiles 963:970 the cellular fatty acid profiles 939:970 the cellular fatty acid profiles 939:970 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 2 21 theme designated 249:258 arg1 MOZM2T 260:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 6 22 from differences 995:1005 arg1 proportions 1057:1067 their proportions 1051:1067 their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids 1051:1131 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 8 23 theme DNA 1243:1245 arg1 content 1251:1257 DNA G+C content 1243:1257 DNA G+C content 1243:1257 They also differed in DNA G+C content, and some biochemical and physiological characteristics. 28820096 9 24 theme lactobacilli 1459:1470 arg1 group 1420:1424 the group 1416:1424 the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli 1416:1470 We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. 28820096 9 24 theme lactobacilli 1459:1470 arg1 lactobacilli 1459:1470 obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli 1429:1470 obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli 1429:1470 We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. 28820096 4 25 theme L. 712:713 arg1 20016T 727:732 L. reuteri DSM 20016T 712:732 L. reuteri DSM 20016T 712:732 DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. 28820096 2 26 theme guinea 412:417 arg1 pig 419:421 a home-bred guinea pig 400:421 a home-bred guinea pig 400:421 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 4 27 theme similarity 672:681 arg1 degree 654:659 a 42 % degree 647:659 a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T 647:732 DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. 28820096 0 28 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Lactobacillus caviae sp 0:22 Lactobacillus caviae sp. 0:23 Lactobacillus caviae sp. 28820096 5 29 from glucose 864:870 arg1 production 841:850 its production 837:850 its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism 837:912 Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. 28820096 1 30 theme oral 92:95 arg1 cavity 97:102 the oral cavity 88:102 the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 88:146 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 2 31 theme strain 242:247 arg1 MOZM2T 260:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 8 32 theme biochemical 1269:1279 arg1 characteristics 1299:1313 and some biochemical and physiological characteristics 1260:1313 characteristics 1299:1313 They also differed in DNA G+C content, and some biochemical and physiological characteristics. 28820096 2 33 theme cavity 390:395 arg1 swab 373:376 a swab 371:376 a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig 371:421 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 5 34 theme catabolism 903:912 arg1 products 884:891 the end products 876:891 the end products of hexose catabolism 876:912 Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. 28820096 5 34 theme catabolism 903:912 arg1 glucose 864:870 glucose 864:870 glucose 864:870 Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. 28820096 1 35 theme Cavia 121:125 arg1 pig 116:118 a guinea pig 107:118 a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 107:146 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 1 35 theme Cavia 121:125 arg1 porcellus 137:145 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 121:145 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 121:145 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 3 36 theme 96.9  594:598 arg1 % 599:599 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 % 579:599 % 599:599 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 8 37 theme physiological 1285:1297 arg1 characteristics 1299:1313 and some biochemical and physiological characteristics 1260:1313 characteristics 1299:1313 They also differed in DNA G+C content, and some biochemical and physiological characteristics. 28820096 6 38 dep C8  1072:1074 arg1 C20  1113:1116 C20  1113:1116 C20  1113:1116 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 6 38 dep C8  1072:1074 arg1 C14  1080:1083 C14  1080:1083 C14  1080:1083 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 6 38 dep C8  1072:1074 arg1 C18  1098:1101 C18  1098:1101 C18  1098:1101 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 6 38 dep C8  1072:1074 arg1 acids 1127:1131  0 fatty acids 1118:1131 C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids 1072:1131 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 6 38 dep C8  1072:1074 arg1 C17  1089:1092 C17  1089:1092 C17  1089:1092 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 6 38 dep C8  1072:1074 arg1  2ω6t 1103:1107  2ω6t 1103:1107  2ω6t 1103:1107 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 2 39 theme anaerobic 186:194 arg1 MOZM2T 260:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 4 40 theme DSM 723:725 arg1 20016T 727:732 L. reuteri DSM 20016T 712:732 L. reuteri DSM 20016T 712:732 DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. 28820096 2 41 attach isolated 357:364 arg2 MOZM2T 260:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 2 41 attach isolated 357:364 arg1 swab 373:376 a swab 371:376 a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig 371:421 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 11 42 theme which 1536:1540 arg1 strain 1551:1556 the type strain 1542:1556 the type strain 1542:1556 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 11 42 theme which 1536:1540 arg1 28780T 1596:1601 =CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T 1569:1601 =CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T 1569:1601 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 11 42 theme which 1536:1540 arg1 MOZM2T 1561:1566 MOZM2T 1561:1566 MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T) 1561:1602 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 7 43 theme genotypic 1145:1153 arg1 analyses 1155:1162 genotypic analyses 1145:1162 genotypic analyses 1145:1162 Results of genotypic analyses also demonstrated differences between these two strains. 28820096 10 44 theme caviae 1504:1509 arg1 sp 1511:1512 name Lactobacillus caviae sp 1485:1512 name Lactobacillus caviae sp 1485:1512 The species name Lactobacillus caviae sp. 28820096 11 45 theme type 1546:1549 arg1 strain 1551:1556 the type strain 1542:1556 the type strain 1542:1556 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 11 45 theme type 1546:1549 arg1 MOZM2T 1561:1566 MOZM2T 1561:1566 MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T) 1561:1602 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 2 46 theme % 280:280 arg1 identity 305:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 2 47 theme sequence 296:303 arg1 identity 305:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 5 48 theme gas 855:857 arg1 production 841:850 its production 837:850 its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism 837:912 Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. 28820096 10 49 theme name 1485:1488 arg1 sp 1511:1512 name Lactobacillus caviae sp 1485:1512 name Lactobacillus caviae sp 1485:1512 The species name Lactobacillus caviae sp. 28820096 11 50 theme 8609T=DSM 1574:1582 arg1 28780T 1596:1601 =CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T 1569:1601 =CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T 1569:1601 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 11 50 theme 8609T=DSM 1574:1582 arg1 MOZM2T 1561:1566 MOZM2T 1561:1566 MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T) 1561:1602 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 3 51 theme closest 512:518 arg1 species 529:535 its closest relative species 508:535 its closest relative species 508:535 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 3 51 theme closest 512:518 arg1 reuteri 497:503 L. reuteri 494:503 L. reuteri 494:503 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 9 52 theme bacterial 1355:1363 arg1 taxon 1403:1407 a new taxon 1397:1407 a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli 1397:1470 We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. 28820096 9 52 theme bacterial 1355:1363 arg1 isolate 1365:1371 the examined bacterial isolate 1342:1371 the examined bacterial isolate 1342:1371 We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. 28820096 2 53 theme rRNA 286:289 arg1 identity 305:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 3 54 theme relative 520:527 arg1 species 529:535 its closest relative species 508:535 its closest relative species 508:535 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 3 54 theme relative 520:527 arg1 reuteri 497:503 L. reuteri 494:503 L. reuteri 494:503 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 6 55 theme Comparative 915:925 arg1 analysis 927:934 Comparative analysis 915:934 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles 915:970 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 1 56 attach isolated 74:81 arg1 cavity 97:102 the oral cavity 88:102 the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 88:146 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 1 56 attach isolated 74:81 arg2 bacterium 64:72 an obligately heterofermentative bacterium 31:72 an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 31:146 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 2 57 theme oxidase-negative 215:230 arg1 MOZM2T 260:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 5 58 theme 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase 780:813 arg1 pathway 815:821 the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway 776:821 the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway 776:821 Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. 28820096 6 59 theme fatty 1121:1125 arg1 acids 1127:1131  0 fatty acids 1118:1131 C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids 1072:1131 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 2 60 theme catalase- 201:209 arg1 MOZM2T 260:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 4 61 theme 42  649:651 arg1 % 652:652 % 652:652 % 652:652 DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. 28820096 1 62 theme pig 116:118 arg1 cavity 97:102 the oral cavity 88:102 the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 88:146 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 9 63 theme heterofermentative 1440:1457 arg1 lactobacilli 1459:1470 obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli 1429:1470 obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli 1429:1470 We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. 28820096 1 64 dep bacterium 64:72 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 3 65 theme sequence 554:561 arg1 similarities 563:574 calculated sequence similarities 543:574 calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively 543:613 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 4 66 dep L. 712:713 arg1 reuteri 715:721 reuteri 715:721 reuteri 715:721 DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. 28820096 4 67 theme DNA-DNA 616:622 arg1 hybridisation 624:636 DNA-DNA hybridisation 616:636 DNA-DNA hybridisation 616:636 DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. 28820096 1 68 theme f. 134:135 arg1 pig 116:118 a guinea pig 107:118 a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 107:146 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 1 68 theme f. 134:135 arg1 porcellus 137:145 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 121:145 Cavia aperea f. porcellus 121:145 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 6 69 theme acid 958:961 arg1 profiles 963:970 the cellular fatty acid profiles 939:970 the cellular fatty acid profiles 939:970 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 3 70 with species 529:535 arg1 similarities 563:574 calculated sequence similarities 543:574 calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively 543:613 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 1 71 theme heterofermentative 45:62 arg1 bacterium 64:72 an obligately heterofermentative bacterium 31:72 an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) 31:146 nov., an obligately heterofermentative bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of a guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). 28820096 6 72 theme cellular 943:950 arg1 profiles 963:970 the cellular fatty acid profiles 939:970 the cellular fatty acid profiles 939:970 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 4 73 theme novel 695:699 arg1 strain 701:706 the novel strain 691:706 the novel strain 691:706 DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. 28820096 8 74 theme G+C 1247:1249 arg1 content 1251:1257 DNA G+C content 1243:1257 DNA G+C content 1243:1257 They also differed in DNA G+C content, and some biochemical and physiological characteristics. 28820096 5 75 theme Strain 735:740 arg1 MOZM2T 742:747 Strain MOZM2T 735:747 Strain MOZM2T 735:747 Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. 28820096 6 76 theme DSM 1037:1039 arg1 20016T 1041:1046 L. reuteri DSM 20016T 1026:1046 L. reuteri DSM 20016T 1026:1046 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 2 77 theme home-bred 402:410 arg1 pig 419:421 a home-bred guinea pig 400:421 a home-bred guinea pig 400:421 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 4 78 theme genetic 664:670 arg1 similarity 672:681 genetic similarity 664:681 genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T 664:732 DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. 28820096 2 79 contain having 268:273 arg2 identity 305:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 275:312 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 2 79 contain having 268:273 arg1 MOZM2T 260:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 5 80 theme hexose 896:901 arg1 catabolism 903:912 hexose catabolism 896:912 hexose catabolism 896:912 Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. 28820096 6 81 theme L. 1026:1027 arg1 20016T 1041:1046 L. reuteri DSM 20016T 1026:1046 L. reuteri DSM 20016T 1026:1046 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 6 82 dep L. 1026:1027 arg1 reuteri 1029:1035 reuteri 1029:1035 reuteri 1029:1035 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 2 83 theme Gram-stain-positive 151:169 arg1 MOZM2T 260:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T 149:265 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 2 84 dep Lactobacillus 319:331 arg1 reuteri 333:339 reuteri 333:339 reuteri 333:339 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 2 85 theme oral 385:388 arg1 cavity 390:395 the oral cavity 381:395 the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig 381:421 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 11 86 theme 100239T=LMG 1584:1594 arg1 28780T 1596:1601 =CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T 1569:1601 =CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T 1569:1601 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 11 86 theme 100239T=LMG 1584:1594 arg1 MOZM2T 1561:1566 MOZM2T 1561:1566 MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T) 1561:1602 nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T). 28820096 2 87 theme pig 419:421 arg1 cavity 390:395 the oral cavity 381:395 the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig 381:421 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 2 88 theme Lactobacillus 319:331 arg1 20016T 345:350 Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T 319:350 Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T 319:350 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. 28820096 7 89 theme analyses 1155:1162 arg1 Results 1134:1140 Results 1134:1140 Results of genotypic analyses 1134:1162 Results of genotypic analyses also demonstrated differences between these two strains. 28820096 3 90 theme % 599:599 arg1 similarities 563:574 calculated sequence similarities 543:574 calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively 543:613 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 3 91 theme tuf 474:476 arg1 genes 478:482 tuf genes 474:482 tuf genes 474:482 Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28820096 5 92 from products 884:891 arg1 production 841:850 its production 837:850 its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism 837:912 Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. 28820096 6 93 theme C8  1072:1074 arg1 proportions 1057:1067 their proportions 1051:1067 their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids 1051:1131 Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. 28820096 0 94 theme caviae 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Lactobacillus caviae sp 0:22 Lactobacillus caviae sp. 0:23 Lactobacillus caviae sp. 28714844 4 0 theme  DNA-DNA 529:536 arg1 value 550:554 a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value 520:554 a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value 520:554 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 12 1 theme name 1663:1666 arg1 nov. 1689:1692 the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 1659:1692 the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 1659:1692 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 11 2 theme DNA 1467:1469 arg1 content 1456:1462 The G+C content 1448:1462 The G+C content of DNA 1448:1469 The G+C content of DNA was between 62.6 and 62.9 mol%. 28714844 12 3 theme rosea 1678:1682 arg1 nov. 1689:1692 the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 1659:1692 the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 1659:1692 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 2 4 theme Gram-stain-positive 114:132 arg1 strains 191:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains 110:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains 110:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 5 5 theme Actinobacteria 821:834 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 790:806 the family Microbacteriaceae 779:806 the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas 779:893 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 5 6 theme gene 655:658 arg1 sequences 660:668 16S rRNA gene sequences 646:668 16S rRNA gene sequences 646:668 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 14 7 theme =BCRC 1764:1768 arg1 29239T 1793:1798 =BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T 1764:1798 =BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T 1764:1798 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 14 7 theme =BCRC 1764:1768 arg1 MI-28T 1756:1761 MI-28T 1756:1761 MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T) 1756:1799 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 4 8 theme genomic 597:603 arg1 species 605:611 a single genomic species 588:611 a single genomic species 588:611 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 5 9 dep strains 683:689 arg1 strains 683:689 strains MI-28T and SKY-11 683:707 strains MI-28T and SKY-11 683:707 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 5 9 dep strains 683:689 arg1 SKY-11 702:707 SKY-11 702:707 SKY-11 702:707 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 5 9 dep strains 683:689 arg1 MI-28T 691:696 MI-28T 691:696 MI-28T 691:696 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 5 10 theme related 969:975 arg1 genera 977:982 related genera 969:982 related genera 969:982 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 2 11 theme bacterial 181:189 arg1 strains 191:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains 110:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains 110:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 14 12 theme species 1745:1751 arg1 strain 1726:1731 The type strain 1717:1731 The type strain of the type species 1717:1751 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 14 12 theme species 1745:1751 arg1 MI-28T 1756:1761 MI-28T 1756:1761 MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T) 1756:1799 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 2 13 attach isolated 235:242 arg1 samples 260:266 freshwater samples 249:266 freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively 249:313 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 2 13 attach isolated 235:242 arg2 strains 191:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains 110:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains 110:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 8 14 theme polar 1208:1212 arg1 profile 1220:1226 The polar lipid profile 1204:1226 The polar lipid profile 1204:1226 The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid. 28714844 5 15 theme 16S 646:648 arg1 sequences 660:668 16S rRNA gene sequences 646:668 16S rRNA gene sequences 646:668 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 12 16 theme Microbacteriaceae 1630:1646 arg1 species 1608:1614 species 1608:1614 species 1608:1614 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 12 16 theme Microbacteriaceae 1630:1646 arg1 genus 1598:1602 a novel genus 1590:1602 a novel genus 1590:1602 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 4 17 theme 99.9  475:479 arg1 % 480:480 % 480:480 % 480:480 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 11 18 theme G+C 1452:1454 arg1 content 1456:1462 The G+C content 1448:1462 The G+C content of DNA 1448:1469 The G+C content of DNA was between 62.6 and 62.9 mol%. 28714844 7 19 theme fatty 1141:1145 arg1 iso-C14  1158:1165 iso-C14  1158:1165 iso-C14  1158:1165 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28714844 7 19 theme fatty 1141:1145 arg1 acids 1147:1151 The predominant fatty acids 1125:1151 The predominant fatty acids 1125:1151 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28714844 10 20 theme isoprenoid 1418:1427 arg1 MK-10 1441:1445 MK-10 1441:1445 MK-10 1441:1445 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-10. 28714844 10 20 theme isoprenoid 1418:1427 arg1 quinone 1429:1435 The major isoprenoid quinone 1408:1435 The major isoprenoid quinone 1408:1435 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-10. 28714844 8 21 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1254:1273 arg1 mixture 1243:1249 a mixture 1241:1249 a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid 1241:1369 The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid. 28714844 12 22 dep sp 1695:1696 arg1 nov. 1689:1692 the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 1659:1692 the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 1659:1692 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 5 23 theme rRNA 914:917 arg1 similarity 933:942 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 910:942 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera 910:982 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 8 24 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1276:1297 arg1 mixture 1243:1249 a mixture 1241:1249 a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid 1241:1369 The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid. 28714844 0 25 theme Puzihella 0:8 arg1 nov. 21:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 0:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 0:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 0 26 theme gen. 16:19 arg1 nov. 21:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 0:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 0:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 1 27 theme Microbacteriaceae 66:82 arg1 member 45:50 a novel member 37:50 a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater 37:107 nov., a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater. 28714844 1 27 theme Microbacteriaceae 66:82 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater. 28714844 7 28 dep iso-C14  1158:1165 arg1  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28714844 7 28 dep iso-C14  1158:1165 arg1 iso-C16  1191:1198 iso-C16  1191:1198 iso-C16  1191:1198 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28714844 7 28 dep iso-C14  1158:1165 arg1  0 1167:1168  0 1167:1168  0 1167:1168 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28714844 7 28 dep iso-C14  1158:1165 arg1  0 1184:1185  0 1184:1185  0 1184:1185 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28714844 8 29 theme glycolipid 1319:1328 arg1 mixture 1243:1249 a mixture 1241:1249 a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid 1241:1369 The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid. 28714844 3 30 theme similar 401:407 arg1 profiles 447:454 highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles 394:454 highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles 394:454 Based on characterization using a polyphasic approach, the two strains showed highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles. 28714844 5 31 theme type 953:956 arg1 species 958:964 the type species 949:964 the type species of related genera 949:982 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 3 32 theme polyphasic 350:359 arg1 approach 361:368 a polyphasic approach 348:368 a polyphasic approach 348:368 Based on characterization using a polyphasic approach, the two strains showed highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles. 28714844 4 33 theme 16S 482:484 arg1 similarity 505:514 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 12 34 dep strains 1554:1560 arg1 strains 1554:1560 strains MI-28T and SKY-11 1554:1578 strains MI-28T and SKY-11 1554:1578 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 12 34 dep strains 1554:1560 arg1 SKY-11 1573:1578 SKY-11 1573:1578 SKY-11 1573:1578 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 12 34 dep strains 1554:1560 arg1 MI-28T 1562:1567 MI-28T 1562:1567 MI-28T 1562:1567 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 2 35 theme pond 296:299 arg1 fish 291:294 fish pond 291:299 fish pond 291:299 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 4 36 theme gene 491:494 arg1 similarity 505:514 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 8 37 theme aminophospholipid 1353:1369 arg1 mixture 1243:1249 a mixture 1241:1249 a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid 1241:1369 The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid. 28714844 12 38 dep data 1548:1551 arg1 basis 1510:1514 basis 1510:1514 basis 1510:1514 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 12 38 dep data 1548:1551 arg1 the 1506:1508 the 1506:1508 the 1506:1508 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 5 39 theme sequence 924:931 arg1 similarity 933:942 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 910:942 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera 910:982 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 5 40 with similarity 933:942 arg1 species 958:964 the type species 949:964 the type species of related genera 949:982 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 1 41 attach isolated 84:91 arg2 Microbacteriaceae 66:82 the family Microbacteriaceae 55:82 the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater 55:107 nov., a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater. 28714844 1 41 attach isolated 84:91 arg1 freshwater 98:107 freshwater 98:107 freshwater 98:107 nov., a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater. 28714844 12 42 theme Puzihella 1668:1676 arg1 nov. 1689:1692 the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 1659:1692 the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 1659:1692 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 6 43 theme Cell-wall 1005:1013 arg1 analysis 1015:1022 Cell-wall analysis 1005:1022 Cell-wall analysis 1005:1022 Cell-wall analysis showed that the peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 28714844 4 44 theme % 528:528 arg1 value 550:554 a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value 520:554 a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value 520:554 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 5 45 theme Phylogenetic 614:625 arg1 analyses 627:634 Phylogenetic analyses 614:634 Phylogenetic analyses 614:634 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 2 46 theme freshwater 249:258 arg1 samples 260:266 freshwater samples 249:266 freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively 249:313 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 12 47 theme gen. 1684:1687 arg1 nov. 1689:1692 the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 1659:1692 the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 1659:1692 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 6 48 theme glutamic 1110:1117 arg1 acid 1119:1122 glutamic acid 1110:1122 glutamic acid 1110:1122 Cell-wall analysis showed that the peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 28714844 4 49 theme relatedness 538:548 arg1 value 550:554 a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value 520:554 a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value 520:554 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 9 50 theme major 1376:1380 arg1 putrescine 1396:1405 putrescine 1396:1405 putrescine 1396:1405 The major polyamine was putrescine. 28714844 9 50 theme major 1376:1380 arg1 polyamine 1382:1390 The major polyamine 1372:1390 The major polyamine 1372:1390 The major polyamine was putrescine. 28714844 5 51 theme class 815:819 arg1 related 859:865 related 859:865 related 859:865 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 5 51 theme class 815:819 arg1 Actinobacteria 821:834 the class Actinobacteria 811:834 the class Actinobacteria 811:834 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 12 52 theme genotypic 1523:1531 arg1 data 1548:1551 the genotypic and phenotypic data 1519:1551 the genotypic and phenotypic data 1519:1551 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 5 53 theme rRNA 650:653 arg1 sequences 660:668 16S rRNA gene sequences 646:668 16S rRNA gene sequences 646:668 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 14 54 theme 80688T=LMG 1770:1779 arg1 29239T 1793:1798 =BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T 1764:1798 =BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T 1764:1798 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 14 54 theme 80688T=LMG 1770:1779 arg1 MI-28T 1756:1761 MI-28T 1756:1761 MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T) 1756:1799 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 12 55 theme phenotypic 1537:1546 arg1 data 1548:1551 the genotypic and phenotypic data 1519:1551 the genotypic and phenotypic data 1519:1551 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 14 56 theme 27848T=KCTC 1781:1791 arg1 29239T 1793:1798 =BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T 1764:1798 =BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T 1764:1798 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 14 56 theme 27848T=KCTC 1781:1791 arg1 MI-28T 1756:1761 MI-28T 1756:1761 MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T) 1756:1799 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 5 57 theme family 783:788 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 790:806 the family Microbacteriaceae 779:806 the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas 779:893 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 6 58 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 acid 1119:1122 glutamic acid 1110:1122 glutamic acid 1110:1122 Cell-wall analysis showed that the peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 28714844 6 58 contain contained 1054:1062 arg1 peptidoglycan 1040:1052 the peptidoglycan 1036:1052 the peptidoglycan 1036:1052 Cell-wall analysis showed that the peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 28714844 6 58 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 alanine 1089:1095 alanine 1089:1095 alanine 1089:1095 Cell-wall analysis showed that the peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 28714844 6 58 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 glycine 1098:1104 glycine 1098:1104 glycine 1098:1104 Cell-wall analysis showed that the peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 28714844 6 58 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 acid 1083:1086 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1064:1086 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1064:1086 Cell-wall analysis showed that the peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 28714844 4 59 theme single 590:595 arg1 species 605:611 a single genomic species 588:611 a single genomic species 588:611 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 5 60 theme genera 977:982 arg1 species 958:964 the type species 949:964 the type species of related genera 949:982 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 14 61 theme type 1740:1743 arg1 species 1745:1751 the type species 1736:1751 the type species 1736:1751 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 12 62 theme family 1623:1628 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1630:1646 the family Microbacteriaceae 1619:1646 the family Microbacteriaceae 1619:1646 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 8 63 theme lipid 1214:1218 arg1 profile 1220:1226 The polar lipid profile 1204:1226 The polar lipid profile 1204:1226 The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid. 28714844 14 64 theme type 1721:1724 arg1 strain 1726:1731 The type strain 1717:1731 The type strain of the type species 1717:1751 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 14 64 theme type 1721:1724 arg1 MI-28T 1756:1761 MI-28T 1756:1761 MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T) 1756:1799 The type strain of the type species is MI-28T (=BCRC 80688T=LMG 27848T=KCTC 29239T). 28714844 12 65 theme novel 1592:1596 arg1 genus 1598:1602 a novel genus 1590:1602 a novel genus 1590:1602 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strains MI-28T and SKY-11 represent a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 4 66 theme % 480:480 arg1 similarity 505:514 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 7 67 theme predominant 1129:1139 arg1 iso-C14  1158:1165 iso-C14  1158:1165 iso-C14  1158:1165 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28714844 7 67 theme predominant 1129:1139 arg1 acids 1147:1151 The predominant fatty acids 1125:1151 The predominant fatty acids 1125:1151 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28714844 5 68 theme 16S 910:912 arg1 similarity 933:942 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 910:942 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera 910:982 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 10 69 theme major 1412:1416 arg1 MK-10 1441:1445 MK-10 1441:1445 MK-10 1441:1445 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-10. 28714844 10 69 theme major 1412:1416 arg1 quinone 1429:1435 The major isoprenoid quinone 1408:1435 The major isoprenoid quinone 1408:1435 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-10. 28714844 0 70 theme rosea 10:14 arg1 nov. 21:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 0:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 0:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 2 71 dep Gram-stain-positive 114:132 arg1 rod-shaped 158:167 rod-shaped 158:167 rod-shaped 158:167 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 2 71 dep Gram-stain-positive 114:132 arg1 non-motile 170:179 non-motile 170:179 non-motile 170:179 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 2 71 dep Gram-stain-positive 114:132 arg1 curved 150:155 curved 150:155 curved 150:155 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 2 71 dep Gram-stain-positive 114:132 arg1 pink 144:147 pink 144:147 pink 144:147 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 2 71 dep Gram-stain-positive 114:132 arg1 aerobic 135:141 aerobic 135:141 aerobic 135:141 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, curved, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strains, designated MI-28T and SKY-11, were isolated from freshwater samples taken from a river and fish pond, respectively. 28714844 5 72 theme related 757:763 arg1 genera 765:770 closely related genera 749:770 closely related genera 749:770 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 1 73 theme family 59:64 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 66:82 the family Microbacteriaceae 55:82 the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater 55:107 nov., a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater. 28714844 4 74 theme 93-95  522:527 arg1 % 528:528 % 528:528 % 528:528 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 1 75 theme novel 39:43 arg1 member 45:50 a novel member 37:50 a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater 37:107 nov., a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater. 28714844 1 75 theme novel 39:43 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from freshwater. 28714844 3 76 theme physiological 421:433 arg1 profiles 447:454 highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles 394:454 highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles 394:454 Based on characterization using a polyphasic approach, the two strains showed highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles. 28714844 5 77 theme distinct 716:723 arg1 lineage 725:731 a distinct lineage 714:731 a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera 714:770 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 4 78 theme rRNA 486:489 arg1 similarity 505:514 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 8 79 theme uncharacterized 1303:1317 arg1 glycolipid 1319:1328 an uncharacterized glycolipid 1300:1328 an uncharacterized glycolipid 1300:1328 The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized aminophospholipid. 28714844 3 80 theme phenotypic 409:418 arg1 profiles 447:454 highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles 394:454 highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles 394:454 Based on characterization using a polyphasic approach, the two strains showed highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles. 28714844 0 81 dep sp 27:28 arg1 nov. 21:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 0:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov. 0:24 Puzihella rosea gen. nov., sp. 28714844 6 82 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 1064:1081 arg1 acid 1083:1086 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1064:1086 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1064:1086 Cell-wall analysis showed that the peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. 28714844 4 83 theme sequence 496:503 arg1 similarity 505:514 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 They demonstrated 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 93-95 % DNA-DNA relatedness value, suggesting that they represent a single genomic species. 28714844 5 84 theme gene 919:922 arg1 similarity 933:942 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 910:942 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera 910:982 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 28714844 3 85 theme genetic 439:445 arg1 profiles 447:454 highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles 394:454 highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles 394:454 Based on characterization using a polyphasic approach, the two strains showed highly similar phenotypic, physiological and genetic profiles. 28714844 5 86 theme similarity 933:942 arg1 levels 900:905 levels 900:905 levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera 900:982 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strains MI-28T and SKY-11 form a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria, which is most closely related to Rhodoluna and Pontimonas, and levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type species of related genera were less than 95 %. 26873179 14 0 theme strain 1479:1484 arg1 nov 1468:1470 nov 1468:1470 nov 1468:1470 nov. (type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T) is proposed. 26873179 14 0 theme strain 1479:1484 arg1 334T 1527:1530 type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T 1474:1530 type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T 1474:1530 nov. (type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T) is proposed. 26873179 12 1 theme nova 1147:1150 arg1 6044T 1156:1160 N. nova JCM 6044T 1144:1160 N. nova JCM 6044T 1144:1160 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 6 2 theme whole-cell 508:517 arg1 hydrolysates 519:530 whole-cell hydrolysates 508:530 whole-cell hydrolysates 508:530 The diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose and arabinose. 26873179 4 3 theme Cell-wall 354:362 arg1 peptidoglycan 364:376 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 354:376 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 354:376 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26873179 2 4 theme peat 123:126 arg1 soil 141:144 a peat swamp forest soil 121:144 a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand 121:173 An actinomycete strain, RY45-3T, isolated from a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 26873179 9 5 theme major 660:664 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 684:705 diphosphatidylglycerol 684:705 diphosphatidylglycerol 684:705 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 26873179 9 5 theme major 660:664 arg1 lipids 672:677 The major polar lipids 656:677 The major polar lipids 656:677 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 26873179 10 6 theme G+C 808:810 arg1 content 812:818 The genomic DNA G+C content 792:818 The genomic DNA G+C content 792:818 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71 mol%. 26873179 10 6 theme G+C 808:810 arg1 % 830:830 71 mol% 824:830 71 mol% 824:830 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71 mol%. 26873179 6 7 from sugars 498:503 arg1 hydrolysates 519:530 whole-cell hydrolysates 508:530 whole-cell hydrolysates 508:530 The diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose and arabinose. 26873179 13 8 theme rayongensis 1452:1462 arg1 sp 1464:1465 the name Nocardia rayongensis sp 1434:1465 the name Nocardia rayongensis sp 1434:1465 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 10 9 theme genomic 796:802 arg1 content 812:818 The genomic DNA G+C content 792:818 The genomic DNA G+C content 792:818 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71 mol%. 26873179 10 9 theme genomic 796:802 arg1 % 830:830 71 mol% 824:830 71 mol% 824:830 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71 mol%. 26873179 5 10 theme cell 454:457 arg1 wall 459:462 the cell wall 450:462 the cell wall 450:462 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 2 11 theme actinomycete 77:88 arg1 RY45-3T 98:104 RY45-3T 98:104 RY45-3T 98:104 An actinomycete strain, RY45-3T, isolated from a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 26873179 2 11 theme actinomycete 77:88 arg1 strain 90:95 An actinomycete strain 74:95 An actinomycete strain 74:95 An actinomycete strain, RY45-3T, isolated from a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 26873179 12 12 dep 9894T 1192:1196 arg1 range 1199:1203 range 1199:1203 range 1199:1203 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 11 13 theme JCM 1039:1041 arg1 9894T 1043:1047 Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T 1011:1047 Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %) 1011:1056 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 13 theme JCM 1039:1041 arg1 % 1055:1055 98.6 % 1050:1055 98.6 % 1050:1055 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 14 theme gene 858:861 arg1 similarity 872:881 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 849:881 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 849:890 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 13 15 theme name 1438:1441 arg1 sp 1464:1465 the name Nocardia rayongensis sp 1434:1465 the name Nocardia rayongensis sp 1434:1465 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 11 16 theme nova 983:986 arg1 6044T 992:996 Nocardia nova JCM 6044T 974:996 Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) 974:1005 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 16 theme nova 983:986 arg1 % 1004:1004 98.8 % 999:1004 98.8 % 999:1004 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 9 17 theme phosphatidylinositol 759:778 arg1 mannosides 780:789 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 759:789 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 759:789 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 26873179 11 18 theme 16S 849:851 arg1 similarity 872:881 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 849:881 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 849:890 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 13 19 theme genus 1408:1412 arg1 Nocardia 1414:1421 the genus Nocardia 1404:1421 the genus Nocardia 1404:1421 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 12 20 theme jiangxiensis 1119:1130 arg1 12861T 1136:1141 N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 1116:1141 N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 1116:1141 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 12 21 from % 1222:1222 arg1 range 1199:1203 range 1199:1203 range 1199:1203 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 14 22 theme 2213T = PCU 1515:1525 arg1 nov 1468:1470 nov 1468:1470 nov 1468:1470 nov. (type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T) is proposed. 26873179 14 22 theme 2213T = PCU 1515:1525 arg1 334T 1527:1530 type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T 1474:1530 type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T 1474:1530 nov. (type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T) is proposed. 26873179 1 23 theme peat 50:53 arg1 soil 68:71 Thai peat swamp forest soil 45:71 Thai peat swamp forest soil 45:71 nov., isolated from Thai peat swamp forest soil. 26873179 12 24 theme DNA-DNA 1091:1097 arg1 relatedness 1099:1109 DNA-DNA relatedness 1091:1109 DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %) 1091:1223 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 14 25 theme RY45-3T = JCM 1486:1498 arg1 nov 1468:1470 nov 1468:1470 nov 1468:1470 nov. (type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T) is proposed. 26873179 14 25 theme RY45-3T = JCM 1486:1498 arg1 334T 1527:1530 type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T 1474:1530 type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T 1474:1530 nov. (type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T) is proposed. 26873179 1 26 theme forest 61:66 arg1 soil 68:71 Thai peat swamp forest soil 45:71 Thai peat swamp forest soil 45:71 nov., isolated from Thai peat swamp forest soil. 26873179 3 27 theme properties 342:351 arg1 basis 272:276 the basis 268:276 the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 268:351 The strain belonged to the genus Nocardia on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties. 26873179 0 28 theme Nocardia 0:7 arg1 sp 21:22 Nocardia rayongensis sp 0:22 Nocardia rayongensis sp. 0:23 Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 11 29 theme jiangxiensis 940:951 arg1 12861T 957:962 Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 931:962 Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %) 931:971 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 29 theme jiangxiensis 940:951 arg1 % 970:970 98.9 % 965:970 98.9 % 965:970 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 2 30 theme polyphasic 202:211 arg1 approach 213:220 a polyphasic approach 200:220 a polyphasic approach 200:220 An actinomycete strain, RY45-3T, isolated from a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 26873179 13 31 theme type 1357:1360 arg1 strains 1362:1368 closely related type strains 1341:1368 closely related type strains 1341:1368 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 12 32 theme pseudobrasiliensis 1169:1186 arg1 9894T 1192:1196 N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T 1166:1196 N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %) 1166:1223 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 4 33 contain contained 378:386 arg1 peptidoglycan 364:376 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 354:376 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 354:376 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26873179 4 33 contain contained 378:386 arg2 acid 408:411 meso-diaminopimelic acid 388:411 meso-diaminopimelic acid 388:411 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26873179 11 34 dep analysis 883:890 arg1 basis 840:844 basis 840:844 basis 840:844 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 34 dep analysis 883:890 arg1 the 836:838 the 836:838 the 836:838 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 2 35 theme swamp 128:132 arg1 soil 141:144 a peat swamp forest soil 121:144 a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand 121:173 An actinomycete strain, RY45-3T, isolated from a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 26873179 12 36 theme JCM 1152:1154 arg1 6044T 1156:1160 N. nova JCM 6044T 1144:1160 N. nova JCM 6044T 1144:1160 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 8 37 theme fatty 615:619 arg1 C16  632:635 C16  632:635 C16  632:635 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26873179 8 37 theme fatty 615:619 arg1 acids 621:625 The major fatty acids 605:625 The major fatty acids 605:625 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26873179 11 38 theme Nocardia 1011:1018 arg1 9894T 1043:1047 Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T 1011:1047 Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %) 1011:1056 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 38 theme Nocardia 1011:1018 arg1 % 1055:1055 98.6 % 1050:1055 98.6 % 1050:1055 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 39 theme similarity 872:881 arg1 analysis 883:890 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 849:890 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 849:890 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 2 40 from soil 141:144 arg1 Thailand 166:173 Thailand 166:173 Thailand 166:173 An actinomycete strain, RY45-3T, isolated from a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 26873179 12 41 theme N. 1144:1145 arg1 6044T 1156:1160 N. nova JCM 6044T 1144:1160 N. nova JCM 6044T 1144:1160 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 5 42 theme N-acyl 418:423 arg1 type 477:480 glycolyl type 468:480 glycolyl type 468:480 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 5 42 theme N-acyl 418:423 arg1 group 425:429 The N-acyl group 414:429 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall 414:462 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 5 42 theme N-acyl 418:423 arg1 acid 442:445 muramic acid 434:445 muramic acid 434:445 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 13 43 dep characteristics 1257:1271 arg1 the 1229:1231 the 1229:1231 the 1229:1231 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 13 43 dep characteristics 1257:1271 arg1 basis 1233:1237 basis 1233:1237 basis 1233:1237 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 4 44 theme meso-diaminopimelic 388:406 arg1 acid 408:411 meso-diaminopimelic acid 388:411 meso-diaminopimelic acid 388:411 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26873179 6 45 theme diagnostic 487:496 arg1 sugars 498:503 The diagnostic sugars 483:503 The diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates 483:530 The diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose and arabinose. 26873179 6 45 theme diagnostic 487:496 arg1 galactose 537:545 galactose 537:545 galactose 537:545 The diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose and arabinose. 26873179 5 46 theme glycolyl 468:475 arg1 type 477:480 glycolyl type 468:480 glycolyl type 468:480 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 5 46 theme glycolyl 468:475 arg1 group 425:429 The N-acyl group 414:429 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall 414:462 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 5 46 theme glycolyl 468:475 arg1 acid 442:445 muramic acid 434:445 muramic acid 434:445 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 9 47 theme polar 666:670 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 684:705 diphosphatidylglycerol 684:705 diphosphatidylglycerol 684:705 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 26873179 9 47 theme polar 666:670 arg1 lipids 672:677 The major polar lipids 656:677 The major polar lipids 656:677 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 26873179 13 48 theme Nocardia 1443:1450 arg1 sp 1464:1465 the name Nocardia rayongensis sp 1434:1465 the name Nocardia rayongensis sp 1434:1465 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 10 49 theme DNA 804:806 arg1 content 812:818 The genomic DNA G+C content 792:818 The genomic DNA G+C content 792:818 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71 mol%. 26873179 10 49 theme DNA 804:806 arg1 % 830:830 71 mol% 824:830 71 mol% 824:830 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71 mol%. 26873179 8 50 theme major 609:613 arg1 C16  632:635 C16  632:635 C16  632:635 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26873179 8 50 theme major 609:613 arg1 acids 621:625 The major fatty acids 605:625 The major fatty acids 605:625 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26873179 11 51 theme pseudobrasiliensis 1020:1037 arg1 9894T 1043:1047 Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T 1011:1047 Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %) 1011:1056 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 51 theme pseudobrasiliensis 1020:1037 arg1 % 1055:1055 98.6 % 1050:1055 98.6 % 1050:1055 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 14 52 theme type 1474:1477 arg1 nov 1468:1470 nov 1468:1470 nov 1468:1470 nov. (type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T) is proposed. 26873179 14 52 theme type 1474:1477 arg1 334T 1527:1530 type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T 1474:1530 type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T 1474:1530 nov. (type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T) is proposed. 26873179 13 53 theme phenotypic 1246:1255 arg1 characteristics 1257:1271 the phenotypic characteristics 1242:1271 the phenotypic characteristics 1242:1271 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 11 54 theme Nocardia 974:981 arg1 6044T 992:996 Nocardia nova JCM 6044T 974:996 Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) 974:1005 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 54 theme Nocardia 974:981 arg1 % 1004:1004 98.8 % 999:1004 98.8 % 999:1004 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 55 theme sequence 863:870 arg1 similarity 872:881 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 849:881 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 849:890 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 3 56 theme genus 250:254 arg1 Nocardia 256:263 the genus Nocardia 246:263 the genus Nocardia on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 246:351 The strain belonged to the genus Nocardia on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties. 26873179 2 57 attach isolated 107:114 arg1 soil 141:144 a peat swamp forest soil 121:144 a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand 121:173 An actinomycete strain, RY45-3T, isolated from a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 26873179 2 57 attach isolated 107:114 arg2 strain 90:95 An actinomycete strain 74:95 An actinomycete strain 74:95 An actinomycete strain, RY45-3T, isolated from a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 26873179 2 57 attach isolated 107:114 arg2 RY45-3T 98:104 RY45-3T 98:104 RY45-3T 98:104 An actinomycete strain, RY45-3T, isolated from a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 26873179 12 58 theme N. 1116:1117 arg1 12861T 1136:1141 N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 1116:1141 N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 1116:1141 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 11 59 theme rRNA 853:856 arg1 similarity 872:881 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 849:881 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 849:890 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 13 60 theme Nocardia 1414:1421 arg1 species 1393:1399 a novel species 1385:1399 a novel species 1385:1399 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 3 61 theme morphological 281:293 arg1 properties 342:351 morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 281:351 morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 281:351 The strain belonged to the genus Nocardia on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties. 26873179 12 62 theme JCM 1132:1134 arg1 12861T 1136:1141 N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 1116:1141 N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 1116:1141 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 11 63 theme JCM 988:990 arg1 6044T 992:996 Nocardia nova JCM 6044T 974:996 Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) 974:1005 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 63 theme JCM 988:990 arg1 % 1004:1004 98.8 % 999:1004 98.8 % 999:1004 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 1 64 theme Thai 45:48 arg1 soil 68:71 Thai peat swamp forest soil 45:71 Thai peat swamp forest soil 45:71 nov., isolated from Thai peat swamp forest soil. 26873179 3 65 theme biochemical 311:321 arg1 properties 342:351 morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 281:351 morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 281:351 The strain belonged to the genus Nocardia on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties. 26873179 12 66 theme relatedness 1099:1109 arg1 levels 1081:1086 low levels 1077:1086 low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %) 1077:1223 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 14 67 theme 19832T = TISTR 1500:1513 arg1 nov 1468:1470 nov 1468:1470 nov 1468:1470 nov. (type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T) is proposed. 26873179 14 67 theme 19832T = TISTR 1500:1513 arg1 334T 1527:1530 type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T 1474:1530 type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T 1474:1530 nov. (type strain RY45-3T = JCM 19832T = TISTR 2213T = PCU 334T) is proposed. 26873179 1 68 theme swamp 55:59 arg1 soil 68:71 Thai peat swamp forest soil 45:71 Thai peat swamp forest soil 45:71 nov., isolated from Thai peat swamp forest soil. 26873179 3 69 theme physiological 296:308 arg1 properties 342:351 morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 281:351 morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 281:351 The strain belonged to the genus Nocardia on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties. 26873179 13 70 theme novel 1387:1391 arg1 species 1393:1399 a novel species 1385:1399 a novel species 1385:1399 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 0 71 theme rayongensis 9:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Nocardia rayongensis sp 0:22 Nocardia rayongensis sp. 0:23 Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 7 72 theme major 586:590 arg1 menaquinone 592:602 the major menaquinone 582:602 the major menaquinone 582:602 MK-8 (H4ω-cycl) was the major menaquinone. 26873179 7 72 theme major 586:590 arg1 MK-8 562:565 MK-8 562:565 MK-8 (H4ω-cycl) 562:576 MK-8 (H4ω-cycl) was the major menaquinone. 26873179 12 73 dep 55.3  1217:1221 arg1 to 1214:1215 to 1214:1215 to 1214:1215 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 12 74 theme low 1077:1079 arg1 levels 1081:1086 low levels 1077:1086 low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %) 1077:1223 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 11 75 theme JCM 953:955 arg1 12861T 957:962 Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 931:962 Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %) 931:971 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 75 theme JCM 953:955 arg1 % 970:970 98.9 % 965:970 98.9 % 965:970 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 5 76 from group 425:429 arg1 wall 459:462 the cell wall 450:462 the cell wall 450:462 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 12 77 theme JCM 1188:1190 arg1 9894T 1192:1196 N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T 1166:1196 N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %) 1166:1223 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 3 78 theme chemotaxonomic 327:340 arg1 properties 342:351 morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 281:351 morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 281:351 The strain belonged to the genus Nocardia on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties. 26873179 11 79 theme Nocardia 931:938 arg1 12861T 957:962 Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 931:962 Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %) 931:971 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 79 theme Nocardia 931:938 arg1 % 970:970 98.9 % 965:970 98.9 % 965:970 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 10 80 theme 71 mol 824:829 arg1 content 812:818 The genomic DNA G+C content 792:818 The genomic DNA G+C content 792:818 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71 mol%. 26873179 10 80 theme 71 mol 824:829 arg1 % 830:830 71 mol% 824:830 71 mol% 824:830 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71 mol%. 26873179 5 81 theme acid 442:445 arg1 type 477:480 glycolyl type 468:480 glycolyl type 468:480 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 5 81 theme acid 442:445 arg1 group 425:429 The N-acyl group 414:429 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall 414:462 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 5 81 theme acid 442:445 arg1 acid 442:445 muramic acid 434:445 muramic acid 434:445 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 2 82 theme forest 134:139 arg1 soil 141:144 a peat swamp forest soil 121:144 a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand 121:173 An actinomycete strain, RY45-3T, isolated from a peat swamp forest soil in Rayong Province, Thailand, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 26873179 3 83 from Nocardia 256:263 arg1 basis 272:276 the basis 268:276 the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 268:351 The strain belonged to the genus Nocardia on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties. 26873179 12 84 with relatedness 1099:1109 arg1 9894T 1192:1196 N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T 1166:1196 N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %) 1166:1223 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 12 84 with relatedness 1099:1109 arg1 6044T 1156:1160 N. nova JCM 6044T 1144:1160 N. nova JCM 6044T 1144:1160 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 12 84 with relatedness 1099:1109 arg1 12861T 1136:1141 N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 1116:1141 N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T 1116:1141 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 12 85 theme N. 1166:1167 arg1 9894T 1192:1196 N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T 1166:1196 N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %) 1166:1223 The strain showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with N. jiangxiensis JCM 12861T, N. nova JCM 6044T and N. pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (range from 3.6 to 55.3 %). 26873179 13 86 theme related 1349:1355 arg1 strains 1362:1368 closely related type strains 1341:1368 closely related type strains 1341:1368 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results mentioned, this strain could be differentiated from closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rayongensis sp. 26873179 5 87 theme muramic 434:440 arg1 acid 442:445 muramic acid 434:445 muramic acid 434:445 The N-acyl group of muramic acid in the cell wall was glycolyl type. 26873179 11 88 theme strain 893:898 arg1 RY45-3T 900:906 strain RY45-3T 893:906 strain RY45-3T 893:906 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26873179 11 89 theme analysis 883:890 arg1 related 920:926 related 920:926 related 920:926 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain RY45-3T was closely related to Nocardia jiangxiensis JCM 12861T (98.9 %), Nocardia nova JCM 6044T (98.8 %) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis JCM 9894T (98.6 %). 26869011 5 0 theme 97.85 653:657 arg1 % 658:658 % 658:658 % 658:658 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 2 1 theme rod-shaped 100:109 arg1 bacterium 111:119 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium 71:119 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium 71:119 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 7 2 theme major 883:887 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 2 theme major 883:887 arg1 acids 904:908 major cellular fatty acids 883:908 major cellular fatty acids 883:908 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 2 theme major 883:887 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 5 3 theme % 658:658 arg1 30551T 645:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T 620:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 620:693 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 5 3 theme % 658:658 arg1 similarity 683:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 4 4 dep % 463:463 arg1 w/v 466:468 w/v 466:468 w/v 466:468 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 5 5 theme strain 533:538 arg1 KN3-8-4T 540:547 strain KN3-8-4T 533:547 strain KN3-8-4T 533:547 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 9 6 theme low 1084:1086 arg1 relatedness 1096:1106 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1084:1106 low DNA-DNA relatedness (20.44%) 1084:1115 Strain KN3-8-4T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (20.44%) with V. olivae JCM 30551T. 26869011 9 6 theme low 1084:1086 arg1 % 1114:1114 20.44% 1109:1114 20.44% 1109:1114 Strain KN3-8-4T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (20.44%) with V. olivae JCM 30551T. 26869011 9 7 theme V. 1122:1123 arg1 30551T 1136:1141 V. olivae JCM 30551T 1122:1141 V. olivae JCM 30551T 1122:1141 Strain KN3-8-4T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (20.44%) with V. olivae JCM 30551T. 26869011 7 8 contain contained 838:846 arg2 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 8 contain contained 838:846 arg2 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 8 contain contained 838:846 arg1 KN3-8-4T 829:836 Strain KN3-8-4T 822:836 Strain KN3-8-4T 822:836 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 8 contain contained 838:846 arg2 acids 904:908 major cellular fatty acids 883:908 major cellular fatty acids 883:908 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 2 9 theme Gram-reaction-positive 73:94 arg1 bacterium 111:119 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium 71:119 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium 71:119 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 9 10 theme DNA-DNA 1088:1094 arg1 relatedness 1096:1106 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1084:1106 low DNA-DNA relatedness (20.44%) 1084:1115 Strain KN3-8-4T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (20.44%) with V. olivae JCM 30551T. 26869011 9 10 theme DNA-DNA 1088:1094 arg1 % 1114:1114 20.44% 1109:1114 20.44% 1109:1114 Strain KN3-8-4T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (20.44%) with V. olivae JCM 30551T. 26869011 1 11 theme Thai 44:47 arg1 paste 56:60 Thai shrimp paste 44:60 Thai shrimp paste (Ka-pi) 44:68 nov., isolated from Thai shrimp paste (Ka-pi). 26869011 1 11 theme Thai 44:47 arg1 Ka-pi 63:67 Ka-pi 63:67 Ka-pi 63:67 nov., isolated from Thai shrimp paste (Ka-pi). 26869011 5 12 theme Virgibacillus 620:632 arg1 similarity 683:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 5 12 theme Virgibacillus 620:632 arg1 30551T 645:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T 620:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 620:693 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 10 13 dep data 1190:1193 arg1 the 1147:1149 the 1147:1149 the 1147:1149 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 10 13 dep data 1190:1193 arg1 basis 1151:1155 basis 1151:1155 basis 1151:1155 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 10 14 theme genus 1272:1276 arg1 Virgibacillus 1278:1290 the genus Virgibacillus 1268:1290 the genus Virgibacillus 1268:1290 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 1 15 theme shrimp 49:54 arg1 paste 56:60 Thai shrimp paste 44:60 Thai shrimp paste (Ka-pi) 44:68 nov., isolated from Thai shrimp paste (Ka-pi). 26869011 1 15 theme shrimp 49:54 arg1 Ka-pi 63:67 Ka-pi 63:67 Ka-pi 63:67 nov., isolated from Thai shrimp paste (Ka-pi). 26869011 10 16 theme chemotaxonomic 1175:1188 arg1 data 1190:1193 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1160:1193 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1160:1193 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 3 17 dep aerobic 273:279 arg1 motile 282:287 motile 282:287 motile 282:287 Strain KN3-8-4T was a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position. 26869011 4 18 theme optimum 421:427 arg1 11-42 °C 411:418 11-42 °C 411:418 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) 411:434 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 4 18 theme optimum 421:427 arg1 37 °C 429:433 optimum 37 °C 421:433 optimum 37 °C 421:433 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 5 19 theme 16S 508:510 arg1 sequences 522:530 16S rRNA gene sequences 508:530 16S rRNA gene sequences 508:530 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 12 20 theme =JCM 1382:1385 arg1 KN3-8-4T 1372:1379 KN3-8-4T 1372:1379 KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T) 1372:1425 The type strain is KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T). 26869011 12 20 theme =JCM 1382:1385 arg1 345T 1421:1424 =JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T 1382:1424 =JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T 1382:1424 The type strain is KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T). 26869011 2 21 from market 191:196 arg1 province 222:229 Nakhon Sri Thammarat province 201:229 Nakhon Sri Thammarat province 201:229 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 2 21 from market 191:196 arg1 Thailand 232:239 Thailand 232:239 Thailand 232:239 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 5 22 theme JCM 641:643 arg1 similarity 683:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 5 22 theme JCM 641:643 arg1 30551T 645:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T 620:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 620:693 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 5 23 theme rRNA 512:515 arg1 sequences 522:530 16S rRNA gene sequences 508:530 16S rRNA gene sequences 508:530 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 7 24 theme Strain 822:827 arg1 KN3-8-4T 829:836 Strain KN3-8-4T 822:836 Strain KN3-8-4T 822:836 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 10 25 theme phenotypic 1160:1169 arg1 data 1190:1193 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1160:1193 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1160:1193 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 3 26 theme ellipsoidal 313:323 arg1 endospores 325:334 ellipsoidal endospores 313:334 ellipsoidal endospores 313:334 Strain KN3-8-4T was a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position. 26869011 0 27 theme kapii 14:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Virgibacillus kapii sp 0:21 Virgibacillus kapii sp. 0:22 Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 6 28 theme meso-diaminopimelic 754:772 arg1 acid 774:777 meso-diaminopimelic acid 754:777 meso-diaminopimelic acid 754:777 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 6 28 theme meso-diaminopimelic 754:772 arg1 acid 708:711 The diamino acid 696:711 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 696:748 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 5 29 theme gene 517:520 arg1 sequences 522:530 16S rRNA gene sequences 508:530 16S rRNA gene sequences 508:530 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 7 30 theme unknown 968:974 arg1 phospholipids 976:988 two unknown phospholipids 964:988 two unknown phospholipids 964:988 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 30 theme unknown 968:974 arg1 glycolipid 998:1007 one glycolipid 994:1007 one glycolipid 994:1007 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 30 theme unknown 968:974 arg1 lipids 1018:1023 polar lipids 1012:1023 polar lipids 1012:1023 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 30 theme unknown 968:974 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 940:961 diphosphatidylglycerol 940:961 diphosphatidylglycerol 940:961 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 30 theme unknown 968:974 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 918:937 phosphatidylglycerol 918:937 phosphatidylglycerol 918:937 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 6 31 theme isoprenoid 793:802 arg1 MK-7 816:819 MK-7 816:819 MK-7 816:819 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 6 31 theme isoprenoid 793:802 arg1 quinone 804:810 the major isoprenoid quinone 783:810 the major isoprenoid quinone 783:810 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 0 32 theme Virgibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 20:21 Virgibacillus kapii sp 0:21 Virgibacillus kapii sp. 0:22 Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 4 33 theme NaCl 471:474 arg1 presence 447:454 the presence 443:454 the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%) 443:489 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 7 34 theme polar 1012:1016 arg1 phospholipids 976:988 two unknown phospholipids 964:988 two unknown phospholipids 964:988 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 34 theme polar 1012:1016 arg1 glycolipid 998:1007 one glycolipid 994:1007 one glycolipid 994:1007 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 34 theme polar 1012:1016 arg1 lipids 1018:1023 polar lipids 1012:1023 polar lipids 1012:1023 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 34 theme polar 1012:1016 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 940:961 diphosphatidylglycerol 940:961 diphosphatidylglycerol 940:961 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 34 theme polar 1012:1016 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 918:937 phosphatidylglycerol 918:937 phosphatidylglycerol 918:937 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 3 35 theme terminal 341:348 arg1 position 350:357 a terminal position 339:357 a terminal position 339:357 Strain KN3-8-4T was a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position. 26869011 5 36 dep sequences 522:530 arg1 the 495:497 the 495:497 the 495:497 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 5 36 dep sequences 522:530 arg1 basis 499:503 basis 499:503 basis 499:503 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 10 37 theme phylogenetic 1199:1210 arg1 analyses 1212:1219 phylogenetic analyses 1199:1219 phylogenetic analyses 1199:1219 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 9 38 theme Strain 1061:1066 arg1 KN3-8-4T 1068:1075 Strain KN3-8-4T 1061:1075 Strain KN3-8-4T 1061:1075 Strain KN3-8-4T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (20.44%) with V. olivae JCM 30551T. 26869011 4 39 theme optimum 477:483 arg1 NaCl 471:474 0-15% (w/v) NaCl 459:474 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%) 459:489 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 4 39 theme optimum 477:483 arg1 % 488:488 optimum 1-5% 477:488 optimum 1-5% 477:488 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 2 40 theme shrimp 161:166 arg1 paste 168:172 shrimp paste 161:172 shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand 161:239 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 12 41 theme 2279T=PCU 1411:1419 arg1 KN3-8-4T 1372:1379 KN3-8-4T 1372:1379 KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T) 1372:1425 The type strain is KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T). 26869011 12 41 theme 2279T=PCU 1411:1419 arg1 345T 1421:1424 =JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T 1382:1424 =JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T 1382:1424 The type strain is KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T). 26869011 8 42 theme 43.5 mol 1050:1057 arg1 content 1038:1044 The DNA G+C content 1026:1044 The DNA G+C content 1026:1044 The DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol%. 26869011 8 42 theme 43.5 mol 1050:1057 arg1 % 1058:1058 43.5 mol% 1050:1058 43.5 mol% 1050:1058 The DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol%. 26869011 10 43 theme name 1306:1309 arg1 sp 1331:1332 the name Virgibacillus kapii sp 1302:1332 the name Virgibacillus kapii sp 1302:1332 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 5 44 theme 16S 660:662 arg1 30551T 645:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T 620:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 620:693 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 5 44 theme 16S 660:662 arg1 similarity 683:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 5 45 theme highest 596:602 arg1 similarity 604:613 highest similarity 596:613 highest similarity 596:613 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 9 46 theme olivae 1125:1130 arg1 30551T 1136:1141 V. olivae JCM 30551T 1122:1141 V. olivae JCM 30551T 1122:1141 Strain KN3-8-4T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (20.44%) with V. olivae JCM 30551T. 26869011 2 47 theme Sri 208:210 arg1 province 222:229 Nakhon Sri Thammarat province 201:229 Nakhon Sri Thammarat province 201:229 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 2 47 theme Sri 208:210 arg1 Thailand 232:239 Thailand 232:239 Thailand 232:239 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 5 48 theme rRNA 664:667 arg1 30551T 645:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T 620:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 620:693 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 5 48 theme rRNA 664:667 arg1 similarity 683:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 4 49 theme % 463:463 arg1 NaCl 471:474 0-15% (w/v) NaCl 459:474 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%) 459:489 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 4 49 theme % 463:463 arg1 % 488:488 optimum 1-5% 477:488 optimum 1-5% 477:488 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 3 50 theme Strain 242:247 arg1 KN3-8-4T 249:256 Strain KN3-8-4T 242:256 Strain KN3-8-4T 242:256 Strain KN3-8-4T was a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position. 26869011 3 50 theme Strain 242:247 arg1 bacterium 289:297 a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium 262:297 a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position 262:357 Strain KN3-8-4T was a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position. 26869011 6 51 theme cell-wall 726:734 arg1 peptidoglycan 736:748 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 722:748 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 722:748 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 2 52 theme Nakhon 201:206 arg1 province 222:229 Nakhon Sri Thammarat province 201:229 Nakhon Sri Thammarat province 201:229 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 2 52 theme Nakhon 201:206 arg1 Thailand 232:239 Thailand 232:239 Thailand 232:239 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 2 53 attach isolated 147:154 arg2 bacterium 111:119 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium 71:119 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium 71:119 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 2 53 attach isolated 147:154 arg1 paste 168:172 shrimp paste 161:172 shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand 161:239 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 5 54 theme gene 669:672 arg1 30551T 645:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T 620:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 620:693 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 5 54 theme gene 669:672 arg1 similarity 683:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 4 55 theme 0-15 459:462 arg1 % 463:463 % 463:463 % 463:463 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 3 56 theme aerobic 273:279 arg1 KN3-8-4T 249:256 Strain KN3-8-4T 242:256 Strain KN3-8-4T 242:256 Strain KN3-8-4T was a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position. 26869011 3 56 theme aerobic 273:279 arg1 bacterium 289:297 a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium 262:297 a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position 262:357 Strain KN3-8-4T was a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position. 26869011 12 57 theme 30071T=LMG 1387:1396 arg1 KN3-8-4T 1372:1379 KN3-8-4T 1372:1379 KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T) 1372:1425 The type strain is KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T). 26869011 12 57 theme 30071T=LMG 1387:1396 arg1 345T 1421:1424 =JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T 1382:1424 =JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T 1382:1424 The type strain is KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T). 26869011 8 58 theme G+C 1034:1036 arg1 content 1038:1044 The DNA G+C content 1026:1044 The DNA G+C content 1026:1044 The DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol%. 26869011 8 58 theme G+C 1034:1036 arg1 % 1058:1058 43.5 mol% 1050:1058 43.5 mol% 1050:1058 The DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol%. 26869011 6 59 located found 713:717 arg1 peptidoglycan 736:748 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 722:748 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 722:748 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 6 59 located found 713:717 arg2 acid 774:777 meso-diaminopimelic acid 754:777 meso-diaminopimelic acid 754:777 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 6 59 located found 713:717 arg2 acid 708:711 The diamino acid 696:711 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 696:748 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 5 60 theme sequence 674:681 arg1 30551T 645:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T 620:650 Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 620:693 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 5 60 theme sequence 674:681 arg1 similarity 683:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 653:692 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 10 61 theme Virgibacillus 1278:1290 arg1 species 1257:1263 a novel species 1249:1263 a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp 1249:1332 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 4 62 theme optimum 391:397 arg1 pH 7.5 399:404 optimum pH 7.5 391:404 optimum pH 7.5 391:404 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 4 62 theme optimum 391:397 arg1 pH 4.5-10 380:388 pH 4.5-10 380:388 pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) 380:405 The isolate grew at pH 4.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11-42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0-15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-5%). 26869011 12 63 theme type 1357:1360 arg1 KN3-8-4T 1372:1379 KN3-8-4T 1372:1379 KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T) 1372:1425 The type strain is KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T). 26869011 12 63 theme type 1357:1360 arg1 strain 1362:1367 The type strain 1353:1367 The type strain 1353:1367 The type strain is KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T). 26869011 10 64 theme strain 1222:1227 arg1 KN3-8-4T 1229:1236 strain KN3-8-4T 1222:1236 strain KN3-8-4T 1222:1236 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 9 65 theme JCM 1132:1134 arg1 30551T 1136:1141 V. olivae JCM 30551T 1122:1141 V. olivae JCM 30551T 1122:1141 Strain KN3-8-4T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (20.44%) with V. olivae JCM 30551T. 26869011 5 66 theme genus 565:569 arg1 Virgibacillus 571:583 the genus Virgibacillus 561:583 the genus Virgibacillus 561:583 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 10 67 theme Virgibacillus 1311:1323 arg1 sp 1331:1332 the name Virgibacillus kapii sp 1302:1332 the name Virgibacillus kapii sp 1302:1332 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 8 68 theme DNA 1030:1032 arg1 content 1038:1044 The DNA G+C content 1026:1044 The DNA G+C content 1026:1044 The DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol%. 26869011 8 68 theme DNA 1030:1032 arg1 % 1058:1058 43.5 mol% 1050:1058 43.5 mol% 1050:1058 The DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol%. 26869011 5 69 dep Virgibacillus 620:632 arg1 olivae 634:639 olivae 634:639 olivae 634:639 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26869011 7 70 theme cellular 889:896 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 70 theme cellular 889:896 arg1 acids 904:908 major cellular fatty acids 883:908 major cellular fatty acids 883:908 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 70 theme cellular 889:896 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 10 71 dep Virgibacillus 1311:1323 arg1 kapii 1325:1329 kapii 1325:1329 kapii 1325:1329 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 26869011 7 72 contain had 914:916 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 918:937 phosphatidylglycerol 918:937 phosphatidylglycerol 918:937 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 72 contain had 914:916 arg2 glycolipid 998:1007 one glycolipid 994:1007 one glycolipid 994:1007 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 72 contain had 914:916 arg2 phospholipids 976:988 two unknown phospholipids 964:988 two unknown phospholipids 964:988 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 72 contain had 914:916 arg2 lipids 1018:1023 polar lipids 1012:1023 polar lipids 1012:1023 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 72 contain had 914:916 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 940:961 diphosphatidylglycerol 940:961 diphosphatidylglycerol 940:961 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 72 contain had 914:916 arg1 KN3-8-4T 829:836 Strain KN3-8-4T 822:836 Strain KN3-8-4T 822:836 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 6 73 theme diamino 700:706 arg1 acid 708:711 The diamino acid 696:711 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 696:748 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 6 73 theme diamino 700:706 arg1 acid 774:777 meso-diaminopimelic acid 754:777 meso-diaminopimelic acid 754:777 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 7 74 theme fatty 898:902 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 anteiso-C15:0 848:860 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 74 theme fatty 898:902 arg1 acids 904:908 major cellular fatty acids 883:908 major cellular fatty acids 883:908 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 7 74 theme fatty 898:902 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 anteiso-C17:0 866:878 Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. 26869011 12 75 theme 28282T=TISTR 1398:1409 arg1 KN3-8-4T 1372:1379 KN3-8-4T 1372:1379 KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T) 1372:1425 The type strain is KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T). 26869011 12 75 theme 28282T=TISTR 1398:1409 arg1 345T 1421:1424 =JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T 1382:1424 =JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T 1382:1424 The type strain is KN3-8-4T (=JCM 30071T=LMG 28282T=TISTR 2279T=PCU 345T). 26869011 6 76 theme major 787:791 arg1 MK-7 816:819 MK-7 816:819 MK-7 816:819 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 6 76 theme major 787:791 arg1 quinone 804:810 the major isoprenoid quinone 783:810 the major isoprenoid quinone 783:810 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26869011 2 77 theme Thammarat 212:220 arg1 province 222:229 Nakhon Sri Thammarat province 201:229 Nakhon Sri Thammarat province 201:229 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 2 77 theme Thammarat 212:220 arg1 Thailand 232:239 Thailand 232:239 Thailand 232:239 A Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. 26869011 10 78 theme novel 1251:1255 arg1 species 1257:1263 a novel species 1249:1263 a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp 1249:1332 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. 29022545 2 0 from soil 174:177 arg1 Region 222:227 the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 192:227 the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 192:227 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 2 0 from soil 174:177 arg1 China 233:237 PR China 230:237 PR China 230:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 2 1 dep Gram-stain-positive 65:83 arg1 non-spore-forming 98:114 non-spore-forming 98:114 non-spore-forming 98:114 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 2 1 dep Gram-stain-positive 65:83 arg1 rod-shaped 86:95 rod-shaped 86:95 rod-shaped 86:95 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 4 2 theme major 814:818 arg1 acid 553:556 ll-diaminopimelic acid 535:556 ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 535:805 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 2 theme major 814:818 arg1 acids 826:830 the major fatty acids 810:830 the major fatty acids 810:830 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 3 3 theme sequence 446:453 arg1 similarity 455:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 3 theme sequence 446:453 arg1 346T 418:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T 388:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 388:465 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 4 4 theme ll-diaminopimelic 535:551 arg1 acid 553:556 ll-diaminopimelic acid 535:556 ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 535:805 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 4 theme ll-diaminopimelic 535:551 arg1 acids 826:830 the major fatty acids 810:830 the major fatty acids 810:830 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 3 5 theme strain 281:286 arg1 x-2T 288:291 strain x-2T 281:291 strain x-2T 281:291 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 2 6 theme Sayram 182:187 arg1 soil 174:177 lakeside soil 165:177 lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China 165:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 6 7 theme =Gsoil 980:985 arg1 19470T 972:977 N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T 953:977 N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) 953:991 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 6 7 theme =Gsoil 980:985 arg1 346T 987:990 =Gsoil 346T 980:990 =Gsoil 346T 980:990 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 5 8 theme 71.1 mol 885:892 arg1 % 893:893 71.1 mol% 885:893 71.1 mol% 885:893 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 71.1 mol%. 29022545 5 8 theme 71.1 mol 885:892 arg1 G+C content 849:859 The genomic DNA G+C content 833:859 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain 833:879 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 71.1 mol%. 29022545 2 9 from Sayram 182:187 arg1 Region 222:227 the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 192:227 the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 192:227 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 2 9 from Sayram 182:187 arg1 China 233:237 PR China 230:237 PR China 230:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 8 10 theme Nocardioides 1288:1299 arg1 sp 1312:1313 the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp 1279:1313 the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp 1279:1313 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 8 11 theme novel 1228:1232 arg1 species 1234:1240 a novel species 1226:1240 a novel species 1226:1240 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 4 12 contain have 530:533 arg2 acids 826:830 the major fatty acids 810:830 the major fatty acids 810:830 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 12 contain have 530:533 arg1 x-2T 475:478 Strain x-2T 468:478 Strain x-2T 468:478 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 12 contain have 530:533 arg2 acid 553:556 ll-diaminopimelic acid 535:556 ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 535:805 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 1 13 theme lakeside 48:55 arg1 soil 57:60 lakeside soil 48:60 lakeside soil 48:60 nov., isolated from lakeside soil. 29022545 4 14 from acid 553:556 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 14 from acid 553:556 arg1 peptidoglycan 575:587 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 561:587 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 561:587 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 5 15 theme strain 874:879 arg1 % 893:893 71.1 mol% 885:893 71.1 mol% 885:893 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 71.1 mol%. 29022545 5 15 theme strain 874:879 arg1 G+C content 849:859 The genomic DNA G+C content 833:859 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain 833:879 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 71.1 mol%. 29022545 5 16 theme genomic 837:843 arg1 % 893:893 71.1 mol% 885:893 71.1 mol% 885:893 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 71.1 mol%. 29022545 5 16 theme genomic 837:843 arg1 G+C content 849:859 The genomic DNA G+C content 833:859 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain 833:879 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 71.1 mol%. 29022545 4 17 theme polar 701:705 arg1 MK-8 715:718 MK-8 715:718 MK-8(H4) 715:722 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 17 theme polar 701:705 arg1 lipids 707:712 the major polar lipids 691:712 the major polar lipids 691:712 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 8 18 theme phylogenetic 1167:1178 arg1 analysis 1180:1187 phylogenetic analysis 1167:1187 phylogenetic analysis 1167:1187 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 8 19 theme tests 1149:1153 arg1 results 1108:1114 The results 1104:1114 The results of physiological and biochemical tests 1104:1153 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 8 19 theme tests 1149:1153 arg1 analysis 1180:1187 phylogenetic analysis 1167:1187 phylogenetic analysis 1167:1187 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 3 20 theme Nocardioides 388:399 arg1 346T 418:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T 388:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 388:465 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 20 theme Nocardioides 388:399 arg1 similarity 455:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 21 dep sequences 270:278 arg1 basis 247:251 basis 247:251 basis 247:251 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 21 dep sequences 270:278 arg1 the 243:245 the 243:245 the 243:245 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 4 22 theme predominant 731:741 arg1 menaquinone 743:753 the predominant menaquinone 727:753 the predominant menaquinone 727:753 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 2 23 from Region 222:227 arg1 soil 174:177 lakeside soil 165:177 lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China 165:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 3 24 theme panacisoli 401:410 arg1 346T 418:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T 388:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 388:465 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 24 theme panacisoli 401:410 arg1 similarity 455:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 25 theme family 334:339 arg1 Nocardioidaceae 341:355 the family Nocardioidaceae 330:355 the family Nocardioidaceae 330:355 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 10 26 theme type 1338:1341 arg1 x-2T 1353:1356 x-2T 1353:1356 x-2T (=KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T) 1353:1388 The type strain is x-2T (=KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T). 29022545 10 26 theme type 1338:1341 arg1 strain 1343:1348 The type strain 1334:1348 The type strain 1334:1348 The type strain is x-2T (=KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T). 29022545 5 27 theme DNA 845:847 arg1 % 893:893 71.1 mol% 885:893 71.1 mol% 885:893 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 71.1 mol%. 29022545 5 27 theme DNA 845:847 arg1 G+C content 849:859 The genomic DNA G+C content 833:859 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain 833:879 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 71.1 mol%. 29022545 7 28 theme strain 1061:1066 arg1 x-2T 1068:1071 strain x-2T 1061:1071 strain x-2T 1061:1071 These chemotaxonomic characters support the position of strain x-2T within the genus Nocardioides. 29022545 6 29 theme KCTC 967:970 arg1 19470T 972:977 N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T 953:977 N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) 953:991 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 6 29 theme KCTC 967:970 arg1 346T 987:990 =Gsoil 346T 980:990 =Gsoil 346T 980:990 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 0 30 theme Nocardioides 0:11 arg1 litorisoli 13:22 Nocardioides litorisoli 0:22 Nocardioides litorisoli 0:22 Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 6 31 theme panacisoli 956:965 arg1 19470T 972:977 N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T 953:977 N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) 953:991 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 6 31 theme panacisoli 956:965 arg1 346T 987:990 =Gsoil 346T 980:990 =Gsoil 346T 980:990 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 10 32 theme 39845T=CCTCCAB 1365:1378 arg1 x-2T 1353:1356 x-2T 1353:1356 x-2T (=KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T) 1353:1388 The type strain is x-2T (=KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T). 29022545 10 32 theme 39845T=CCTCCAB 1365:1378 arg1 2016255T 1380:1387 =KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T 1359:1387 =KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T 1359:1387 The type strain is x-2T (=KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T). 29022545 5 33 theme novel 868:872 arg1 strain 874:879 the novel strain 864:879 the novel strain 864:879 The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 71.1 mol%. 29022545 8 34 theme genus 1249:1253 arg1 Nocardioides 1255:1266 the genus Nocardioides 1245:1266 the genus Nocardioides 1245:1266 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 10 35 theme =KCTC 1359:1363 arg1 x-2T 1353:1356 x-2T 1353:1356 x-2T (=KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T) 1353:1388 The type strain is x-2T (=KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T). 29022545 10 35 theme =KCTC 1359:1363 arg1 2016255T 1380:1387 =KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T 1359:1387 =KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T 1359:1387 The type strain is x-2T (=KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T). 29022545 8 36 theme Nocardioides 1255:1266 arg1 species 1234:1240 a novel species 1226:1240 a novel species 1226:1240 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 3 37 theme 97.36  424:429 arg1 % 430:430 % 430:430 % 430:430 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 7 38 theme genus 1084:1088 arg1 Nocardioides 1090:1101 the genus Nocardioides 1080:1101 the genus Nocardioides 1080:1101 These chemotaxonomic characters support the position of strain x-2T within the genus Nocardioides. 29022545 4 39 theme major 695:699 arg1 MK-8 715:718 MK-8 715:718 MK-8(H4) 715:722 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 39 theme major 695:699 arg1 lipids 707:712 the major polar lipids 691:712 the major polar lipids 691:712 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 2 40 theme lakeside 165:172 arg1 soil 174:177 lakeside soil 165:177 lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China 165:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 8 41 theme biochemical 1137:1147 arg1 tests 1149:1153 physiological and biochemical tests 1119:1153 physiological and biochemical tests 1119:1153 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 3 42 theme Gsoil 412:416 arg1 346T 418:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T 388:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 388:465 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 42 theme Gsoil 412:416 arg1 similarity 455:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 2 43 theme Autonomous 211:220 arg1 Region 222:227 the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 192:227 the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 192:227 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 2 43 theme Autonomous 211:220 arg1 China 233:237 PR China 230:237 PR China 230:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 6 44 theme strain 937:942 arg1 x-2T 944:947 strain x-2T 937:947 strain x-2T 937:947 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 7 45 theme chemotaxonomic 1011:1024 arg1 characters 1026:1035 These chemotaxonomic characters 1005:1035 These chemotaxonomic characters 1005:1035 These chemotaxonomic characters support the position of strain x-2T within the genus Nocardioides. 29022545 3 46 theme genus 308:312 arg1 Nocardioides 314:325 the genus Nocardioides 304:325 the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae 304:355 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 47 theme gene 265:268 arg1 sequences 270:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 48 from Nocardioides 314:325 arg1 Nocardioidaceae 341:355 the family Nocardioidaceae 330:355 the family Nocardioidaceae 330:355 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 2 49 theme Uygur 205:209 arg1 Region 222:227 the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 192:227 the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 192:227 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 2 49 theme Uygur 205:209 arg1 China 233:237 PR China 230:237 PR China 230:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 4 50 theme fatty 820:824 arg1 acid 553:556 ll-diaminopimelic acid 535:556 ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 535:805 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 50 theme fatty 820:824 arg1 acids 826:830 the major fatty acids 810:830 the major fatty acids 810:830 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 3 51 theme rRNA 436:439 arg1 similarity 455:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 51 theme rRNA 436:439 arg1 346T 418:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T 388:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 388:465 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 8 52 theme name 1283:1286 arg1 sp 1312:1313 the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp 1279:1313 the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp 1279:1313 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 4 53 dep phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 arg1 C16  799:802 C16  799:802 C16  799:802 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 53 dep phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 arg1  1ω8c 789:793  1ω8c 789:793  1ω8c 789:793 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 53 dep phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 arg1  0 804:805  0 804:805  0 804:805 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 53 dep phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 arg1  1ω9c 764:768  1ω9c 764:768  1ω9c 764:768 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 53 dep phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 arg1  0 780:781  0 780:781  0 780:781 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 3 54 theme gene 441:444 arg1 similarity 455:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 54 theme gene 441:444 arg1 346T 418:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T 388:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 388:465 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 2 55 theme Gram-stain-positive 65:83 arg1 bacterium 116:124 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium 63:124 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium 63:124 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 3 56 theme 16S 256:258 arg1 sequences 270:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 8 57 theme litorisoli 1301:1310 arg1 sp 1312:1313 the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp 1279:1313 the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp 1279:1313 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 3 58 theme % 430:430 arg1 similarity 455:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 58 theme % 430:430 arg1 346T 418:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T 388:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 388:465 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 4 59 theme cell-wall 565:573 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 59 theme cell-wall 565:573 arg1 peptidoglycan 575:587 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 561:587 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 561:587 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 3 60 theme rRNA 260:263 arg1 sequences 270:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 16S rRNA gene sequences 256:278 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 2 61 attach isolated 151:158 arg1 soil 174:177 lakeside soil 165:177 lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China 165:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 2 61 attach isolated 151:158 arg2 bacterium 116:124 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium 63:124 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium 63:124 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 0 62 dep sp 24:25 arg1 litorisoli 13:22 Nocardioides litorisoli 0:22 Nocardioides litorisoli 0:22 Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 3 63 theme 16S 432:434 arg1 similarity 455:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 424:464 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 3 63 theme 16S 432:434 arg1 346T 418:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T 388:421 Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 388:465 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 29022545 6 64 theme relatedness 917:927 arg1 % 1002:1002 29.8 % 997:1002 29.8 % 997:1002 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 6 64 theme relatedness 917:927 arg1 level 900:904 The level 896:904 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) 896:991 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 2 65 theme PR 230:231 arg1 Region 222:227 the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 192:227 the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 192:227 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 2 65 theme PR 230:231 arg1 China 233:237 PR China 230:237 PR China 230:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. 29022545 6 66 theme N. 953:954 arg1 19470T 972:977 N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T 953:977 N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) 953:991 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 6 66 theme N. 953:954 arg1 346T 987:990 =Gsoil 346T 980:990 =Gsoil 346T 980:990 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 8 67 theme strain 1203:1208 arg1 x-2T 1210:1213 strain x-2T 1203:1213 strain x-2T 1203:1213 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 8 68 theme physiological 1119:1131 arg1 tests 1149:1153 physiological and biochemical tests 1119:1153 physiological and biochemical tests 1119:1153 The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. 29022545 6 69 theme DNA-DNA 909:915 arg1 relatedness 917:927 DNA-DNA relatedness 909:927 DNA-DNA relatedness 909:927 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. 29022545 4 70 theme unknown 666:672 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 4 70 theme unknown 666:672 arg1 phospholipids 674:686 another three unknown phospholipids 652:686 another three unknown phospholipids 652:686 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 29022545 7 71 theme x-2T 1068:1071 arg1 position 1049:1056 the position 1045:1056 the position of strain x-2T within the genus Nocardioides 1045:1101 These chemotaxonomic characters support the position of strain x-2T within the genus Nocardioides. 29022545 4 72 theme Strain 468:473 arg1 x-2T 475:478 Strain x-2T 468:478 Strain x-2T 468:478 Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 28984562 3 0 theme gene 300:303 arg1 similarity 314:323 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 279:323 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 279:323 Strain X-121T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (94.7 %). 28984562 4 1 from Deinococcaceae 569:582 arg1 members 522:528 members 522:528 members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae 522:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 5 2 theme strain 608:613 arg1 X-121T 615:620 strain X-121T 608:620 strain X-121T 608:620 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T was 63.6 mol%. 28984562 7 3 theme name 1150:1153 arg1 sp 1183:1184 the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp 1146:1184 the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp 1146:1184 Strain X-121T is therefore identified as representing a novel species, for which the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp. 28984562 3 4 theme 16S 291:293 arg1 similarity 314:323 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 279:323 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 279:323 Strain X-121T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (94.7 %). 28984562 4 5 theme Deinococcus 543:553 arg1 members 522:528 members 522:528 members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae 522:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 3 6 theme sequence 305:312 arg1 similarity 314:323 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 279:323 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 279:323 Strain X-121T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (94.7 %). 28984562 2 7 dep radiation-tolerant 81:98 arg1 short-rod-shaped 116:131 short-rod-shaped 116:131 short-rod-shaped 116:131 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121T, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. 28984562 2 7 dep radiation-tolerant 81:98 arg1 Gram-negative 101:113 Gram-negative 101:113 Gram-negative 101:113 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121T, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. 28984562 2 7 dep radiation-tolerant 81:98 arg1 gamma- 67:72 gamma- 67:72 gamma- 67:72 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121T, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. 28984562 5 8 theme X-121T 615:620 arg1 content 597:603 The DNA G+C content 585:603 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T 585:620 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T was 63.6 mol%. 28984562 5 8 theme X-121T 615:620 arg1 % 634:634 63.6 mol% 626:634 63.6 mol% 626:634 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T was 63.6 mol%. 28984562 6 9 theme cell-wall 997:1005 arg1 sugar 1007:1011 the predominant cell-wall sugar 981:1011 the predominant cell-wall sugar 981:1011 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 4 10 theme genus 537:541 arg1 Deinococcus 543:553 the genus Deinococcus 533:553 the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae 533:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 7 11 theme novel 1121:1125 arg1 species 1127:1133 a novel species 1119:1133 a novel species 1119:1133 Strain X-121T is therefore identified as representing a novel species, for which the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp. 28984562 4 12 theme species 481:487 arg1 member 463:468 a member 461:468 a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae 461:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 4 12 theme species 481:487 arg1 X-121T 451:456 strain X-121T 444:456 strain X-121T 444:456 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 4 13 theme Phylogenetic 374:385 arg1 analysis 387:394 Phylogenetic analysis 374:394 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 374:427 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 1 14 theme desert 52:57 arg1 soil 59:62 desert soil 52:62 desert soil 52:62 nov., isolated from desert soil. 28984562 6 15 theme several 882:888 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 903:920 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 882:920 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 882:920 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 15 theme several 882:888 arg1 acid 876:879 major cellular fatty acid 855:879 major cellular fatty acid 855:879 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 5 16 theme 63.6 mol 626:633 arg1 content 597:603 The DNA G+C content 585:603 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T 585:620 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T was 63.6 mol%. 28984562 5 16 theme 63.6 mol 626:633 arg1 % 634:634 63.6 mol% 626:634 63.6 mol% 626:634 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T was 63.6 mol%. 28984562 6 17 theme predominant 758:768 arg1 feature 798:804 summed feature 3 791:806 summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c) 791:828 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 17 theme predominant 758:768 arg1 MK-8 743:746 MK-8 743:746 MK-8 743:746 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 17 theme predominant 758:768 arg1 quinone 782:788 the predominant respiratory quinone 754:788 the predominant respiratory quinone 754:788 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 8 18 theme =CCTCC 1233:1238 arg1 33842T 1256:1261 =CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T 1233:1261 =CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T 1233:1261 nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T). 28984562 8 18 theme =CCTCC 1233:1238 arg1 X-121T 1226:1231 the type strain X-121T 1210:1231 the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T) 1210:1262 nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T). 28984562 6 19 theme X-121T 681:686 arg1 typical 693:699 typical 693:699 typical 693:699 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 19 theme X-121T 681:686 arg1 charateristics 656:669 The chemotaxonomic charateristics 637:669 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T 637:686 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 3 20 theme Deinococcus 330:340 arg1 TDMA-24T 355:362 Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T 330:362 Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (94.7 %) 330:371 Strain X-121T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (94.7 %). 28984562 3 20 theme Deinococcus 330:340 arg1 % 370:370 94.7 % 365:370 94.7 % 365:370 Strain X-121T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (94.7 %). 28984562 5 21 theme DNA 589:591 arg1 content 597:603 The DNA G+C content 585:603 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T 585:620 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T was 63.6 mol%. 28984562 5 21 theme DNA 589:591 arg1 % 634:634 63.6 mol% 626:634 63.6 mol% 626:634 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T was 63.6 mol%. 28984562 6 22 theme strain 674:679 arg1 X-121T 681:686 strain X-121T 674:686 strain X-121T 674:686 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 23 theme predominant 985:995 arg1 sugar 1007:1011 the predominant cell-wall sugar 981:1011 the predominant cell-wall sugar 981:1011 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 5 24 theme G+C 593:595 arg1 content 597:603 The DNA G+C content 585:603 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T 585:620 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T was 63.6 mol%. 28984562 5 24 theme G+C 593:595 arg1 % 634:634 63.6 mol% 626:634 63.6 mol% 626:634 The DNA G+C content of strain X-121T was 63.6 mol%. 28984562 4 25 from Deinococcus 543:553 arg1 Deinococcaceae 569:582 the family Deinococcaceae 558:582 the family Deinococcaceae 558:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 0 26 theme taklimakanensis 12:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp 0:29 Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp. 0:30 Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp. 28984562 2 27 theme bacterial 133:141 arg1 strain 143:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain 65:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain 65:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121T, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. 28984562 6 28 dep feature 798:804 arg1  1ω8c 846:850  1ω8c 846:850  1ω8c 846:850 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 28 dep feature 798:804 arg1 16  809:811 16  809:811 16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c 809:827 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 28 dep feature 798:804 arg1 17  842:844 17  842:844 17  842:844 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 28 dep feature 798:804 arg1  0 835:836  0 835:836  0 835:836 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 0 29 theme Deinococcus 0:10 arg1 sp 28:29 Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp 0:29 Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp. 0:30 Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp. 28984562 6 30 theme chemotaxonomic 641:654 arg1 typical 693:699 typical 693:699 typical 693:699 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 30 theme chemotaxonomic 641:654 arg1 charateristics 656:669 The chemotaxonomic charateristics 637:669 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T 637:686 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 4 31 from members 522:528 arg1 Deinococcaceae 569:582 the family Deinococcaceae 558:582 the family Deinococcaceae 558:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 6 32 theme fatty 870:874 arg1 glycolipids 926:936 glycolipids 926:936 glycolipids 926:936 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 32 theme fatty 870:874 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 903:920 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 882:920 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 882:920 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 32 theme fatty 870:874 arg1 galactose 968:976 galactose 968:976 galactose 968:976 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 32 theme fatty 870:874 arg1 acid 876:879 major cellular fatty acid 855:879 major cellular fatty acid 855:879 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 33 theme cellular 861:868 arg1 glycolipids 926:936 glycolipids 926:936 glycolipids 926:936 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 33 theme cellular 861:868 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 903:920 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 882:920 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 882:920 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 33 theme cellular 861:868 arg1 galactose 968:976 galactose 968:976 galactose 968:976 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 33 theme cellular 861:868 arg1 acid 876:879 major cellular fatty acid 855:879 major cellular fatty acid 855:879 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 7 34 theme Deinococcus 1155:1165 arg1 sp 1183:1184 the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp 1146:1184 the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp 1146:1184 Strain X-121T is therefore identified as representing a novel species, for which the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp. 28984562 2 35 attach isolated 174:181 arg2 strain 143:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain 65:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain 65:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121T, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. 28984562 2 35 attach isolated 174:181 arg1 samples 193:199 soil samples 188:199 soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China 188:255 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121T, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. 28984562 7 36 theme Strain 1065:1070 arg1 X-121T 1072:1077 Strain X-121T 1065:1077 Strain X-121T 1065:1077 Strain X-121T is therefore identified as representing a novel species, for which the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp. 28984562 6 37 theme major 855:859 arg1 glycolipids 926:936 glycolipids 926:936 glycolipids 926:936 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 37 theme major 855:859 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 903:920 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 882:920 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 882:920 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 37 theme major 855:859 arg1 galactose 968:976 galactose 968:976 galactose 968:976 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 37 theme major 855:859 arg1 acid 876:879 major cellular fatty acid 855:879 major cellular fatty acid 855:879 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 38 dep 16  809:811 arg1  1ω6c 823:827  1ω6c 823:827 16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c 809:827 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 38 dep 16  809:811 arg1  1ω7c,16  813:821  1ω7c,16  813:821 16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c 809:827 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 39 theme polar 954:958 arg1 lipids 960:965 the dominant polar lipids 941:965 the dominant polar lipids 941:965 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 2 40 theme radiation-tolerant 81:98 arg1 strain 143:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain 65:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain 65:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121T, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. 28984562 3 41 theme Strain 258:263 arg1 X-121T 265:270 Strain X-121T 258:270 Strain X-121T 258:270 Strain X-121T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (94.7 %). 28984562 6 42 theme unidentified 890:901 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 903:920 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 882:920 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 882:920 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 42 theme unidentified 890:901 arg1 acid 876:879 major cellular fatty acid 855:879 major cellular fatty acid 855:879 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 2 43 theme Taklimakan 220:229 arg1 desert 231:236 the Taklimakan desert 216:236 the Taklimakan desert 216:236 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121T, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. 28984562 6 44 theme Deinococcus 725:735 arg1 members 704:710 members 704:710 members of the genus Deinococcus 704:735 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 45 theme dominant 945:952 arg1 lipids 960:965 the dominant polar lipids 941:965 the dominant polar lipids 941:965 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 2 46 theme UV 78:79 arg1 strain 143:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain 65:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain 65:148 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121T, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. 28984562 3 47 dep Deinococcus 330:340 arg1 depolymerans 342:353 depolymerans 342:353 depolymerans 342:353 Strain X-121T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (94.7 %). 28984562 4 48 theme strain 444:449 arg1 member 463:468 a member 461:468 a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae 461:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 4 48 theme strain 444:449 arg1 X-121T 451:456 strain X-121T 444:456 strain X-121T 444:456 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 6 49 theme genus 719:723 arg1 Deinococcus 725:735 the genus Deinococcus 715:735 the genus Deinococcus 715:735 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 50 with peptidoglycan 1033:1045 arg1 l-ornithine 1052:1062 l-ornithine 1052:1062 l-ornithine 1052:1062 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 3 51 theme rRNA 295:298 arg1 similarity 314:323 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 279:323 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 279:323 Strain X-121T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (94.7 %). 28984562 4 52 theme rRNA 409:412 arg1 sequences 419:427 16S rRNA gene sequences 405:427 16S rRNA gene sequences 405:427 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 6 53 theme peptidoglycan 1033:1045 arg1 sugar 1007:1011 the predominant cell-wall sugar 981:1011 the predominant cell-wall sugar 981:1011 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 53 theme peptidoglycan 1033:1045 arg1 presence 1021:1028 the presence 1017:1028 the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine 1017:1062 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 4 54 theme 16S 405:407 arg1 sequences 419:427 16S rRNA gene sequences 405:427 16S rRNA gene sequences 405:427 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 6 55 theme respiratory 770:780 arg1 feature 798:804 summed feature 3 791:806 summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c) 791:828 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 55 theme respiratory 770:780 arg1 MK-8 743:746 MK-8 743:746 MK-8 743:746 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 55 theme respiratory 770:780 arg1 quinone 782:788 the predominant respiratory quinone 754:788 the predominant respiratory quinone 754:788 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 8 56 theme type 1214:1217 arg1 33842T 1256:1261 =CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T 1233:1261 =CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T 1233:1261 nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T). 28984562 8 56 theme type 1214:1217 arg1 X-121T 1226:1231 the type strain X-121T 1210:1231 the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T) 1210:1262 nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T). 28984562 3 57 theme highest 283:289 arg1 similarity 314:323 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 279:323 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 279:323 Strain X-121T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (94.7 %). 28984562 2 58 theme soil 188:191 arg1 samples 193:199 soil samples 188:199 soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China 188:255 A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121T, was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. 28984562 8 59 theme 207228T=KCTC 1243:1254 arg1 33842T 1256:1261 =CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T 1233:1261 =CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T 1233:1261 nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T). 28984562 8 59 theme 207228T=KCTC 1243:1254 arg1 X-121T 1226:1231 the type strain X-121T 1210:1231 the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T) 1210:1262 nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T). 28984562 6 60 theme members 704:710 arg1 typical 693:699 typical 693:699 typical 693:699 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 60 theme members 704:710 arg1 charateristics 656:669 The chemotaxonomic charateristics 637:669 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T 637:686 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 8 61 theme AB 1240:1241 arg1 33842T 1256:1261 =CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T 1233:1261 =CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T 1233:1261 nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T). 28984562 8 61 theme AB 1240:1241 arg1 X-121T 1226:1231 the type strain X-121T 1210:1231 the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T) 1210:1262 nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T). 28984562 4 62 theme family 562:567 arg1 Deinococcaceae 569:582 the family Deinococcaceae 558:582 the family Deinococcaceae 558:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 4 63 theme gene 414:417 arg1 sequences 419:427 16S rRNA gene sequences 405:427 16S rRNA gene sequences 405:427 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 6 64 theme summed 791:796 arg1 feature 798:804 summed feature 3 791:806 summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c) 791:828 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 64 theme summed 791:796 arg1 16  831:833 16  831:833 16  831:833 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 6 64 theme summed 791:796 arg1 quinone 782:788 the predominant respiratory quinone 754:788 the predominant respiratory quinone 754:788 The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121T were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1ω7c,16 : 1ω6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1ω8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with l-ornithine. 28984562 7 65 theme taklimakanensis 1167:1181 arg1 sp 1183:1184 the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp 1146:1184 the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp 1146:1184 Strain X-121T is therefore identified as representing a novel species, for which the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp. 28984562 4 66 theme novel 475:479 arg1 species 481:487 a novel species 473:487 a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae 473:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121T is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. 28984562 8 67 theme strain 1219:1224 arg1 33842T 1256:1261 =CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T 1233:1261 =CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T 1233:1261 nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T). 28984562 8 67 theme strain 1219:1224 arg1 X-121T 1226:1231 the type strain X-121T 1210:1231 the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T) 1210:1262 nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121T(=CCTCC AB 207228T=KCTC 33842T). 28944535 6 0 theme genes 928:932 arg1 expression 914:923 the expression 910:923 the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis 910:1056 In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 4 1 theme folate 704:709 arg1 pathways 724:731 folate biosynthetic pathways 704:731 folate biosynthetic pathways 704:731 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. 28944535 0 2 theme secondary 70:78 arg1 metabolism 80:89 both primary and secondary metabolism 53:89 both primary and secondary metabolism 53:89 Overexpression of SbMyb60 in Sorghum bicolor impacts both primary and secondary metabolism. 28944535 6 3 dep metabolism 987:996 arg1 C 984:984 C 984:984 C 984:984 In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 7 4 with consistent 1150:1159 arg1 increase 1179:1186 the observed increase 1166:1186 the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1166:1251 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 7 5 theme 35S 1233:1235 arg1 plants 1246:1251 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1233:1251 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1233:1251 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 5 6 theme high 738:741 arg1 values 756:761 The high coexpression values 734:761 The high coexpression values between SbMyb60 and genes assigned to these pathways 734:814 The high coexpression values between SbMyb60 and genes assigned to these pathways indicate that SbMyb60 may directly induce their expression. 28944535 0 7 from Overexpression 0:13 arg1 bicolor 37:43 Sorghum bicolor 29:43 Sorghum bicolor 29:43 Overexpression of SbMyb60 in Sorghum bicolor impacts both primary and secondary metabolism. 28944535 4 8 theme S-adenosyl 672:681 arg1 SAM 695:697 SAM 695:697 SAM 695:697 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. 28944535 4 8 theme S-adenosyl 672:681 arg1 methionine 683:692 S-adenosyl methionine 672:692 S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) 672:698 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. 28944535 4 9 theme transcriptional 603:617 arg1 activation 619:628 the transcriptional activation 599:628 the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways 599:731 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. 28944535 5 10 theme coexpression 743:754 arg1 values 756:761 The high coexpression values 734:761 The high coexpression values between SbMyb60 and genes assigned to these pathways 734:814 The high coexpression values between SbMyb60 and genes assigned to these pathways indicate that SbMyb60 may directly induce their expression. 28944535 7 11 from increase 1179:1186 arg1 deposition 1201:1210 cellulose deposition 1191:1210 cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1191:1251 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 7 12 theme cellulose 1102:1110 arg1 synthesis 1112:1120 cellulose synthesis 1102:1120 cellulose synthesis 1102:1120 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 8 13 theme low 1278:1280 arg1 values 1295:1300 low coexpression values 1278:1300 low coexpression values 1278:1300 However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. 28944535 7 14 theme observed 1170:1177 arg1 increase 1179:1186 the observed increase 1166:1186 the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1166:1251 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 7 15 theme UDP-sugar 1075:1083 arg1 biosynthesis 1085:1096 UDP-sugar biosynthesis 1075:1096 UDP-sugar biosynthesis 1075:1096 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 2 16 theme cell 399:402 arg1 composition 409:419 altered cell wall composition 391:419 altered cell wall composition 391:419 Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. 28944535 4 17 theme aromatic 651:658 arg1 acid 666:669 aromatic amino acid 651:669 aromatic amino acid 651:669 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. 28944535 2 18 theme Sorghum 278:284 arg1 bicolor 286:292 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 269:293 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 269:293 Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. 28944535 2 19 theme altered 391:397 arg1 composition 409:419 altered cell wall composition 391:419 altered cell wall composition 391:419 Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. 28944535 6 20 theme :: 892:893 arg1 SbMyb60 894:900 35S::SbMyb60 889:900 35S::SbMyb60 889:900 In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 6 21 theme carbon 976:981 arg1 metabolism 987:996 carbon (C) metabolism 976:996 carbon (C) metabolism 976:996 In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 2 22 from overexpression 240:253 arg1 bicolor 286:292 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 269:293 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 269:293 Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. 28944535 4 23 theme :: 569:570 arg1 SbMyb60 571:577 35S::SbMyb60 566:577 35S::SbMyb60 566:577 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. 28944535 1 24 theme Few 92:94 arg1 factors 110:116 Few transcription factors 92:116 Few transcription factors 92:116 Few transcription factors have been identified in C4 grasses that either positively or negatively regulate monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 6 25 theme monolignol 1034:1043 arg1 biosynthesis 1045:1056 monolignol biosynthesis 1034:1056 monolignol biosynthesis 1034:1056 In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 4 26 theme 35S 566:568 arg1 SbMyb60 571:577 35S::SbMyb60 566:577 35S::SbMyb60 566:577 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. 28944535 1 27 theme transcription 96:108 arg1 factors 110:116 Few transcription factors 92:116 Few transcription factors 92:116 Few transcription factors have been identified in C4 grasses that either positively or negatively regulate monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 1 28 theme monolignol 199:208 arg1 biosynthesis 210:221 monolignol biosynthesis 199:221 monolignol biosynthesis 199:221 Few transcription factors have been identified in C4 grasses that either positively or negatively regulate monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 0 29 theme SbMyb60 18:24 arg1 Overexpression 0:13 Overexpression 0:13 Overexpression of SbMyb60 in Sorghum bicolor 0:43 Overexpression of SbMyb60 in Sorghum bicolor impacts both primary and secondary metabolism. 28944535 6 30 theme 35S 889:891 arg1 SbMyb60 894:900 35S::SbMyb60 889:900 35S::SbMyb60 889:900 In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 9 31 theme lignin 1569:1574 arg1 biosynthesis 1576:1587 lignin biosynthesis 1569:1587 lignin biosynthesis 1569:1587 These findings indicate that SbMyb60 can activate pathways beyond monolignol biosynthesis, including those that synthesize the substrates and cofactors required for lignin biosynthesis. 28944535 1 32 theme C4 142:143 arg1 grasses 145:151 C4 grasses 142:151 C4 grasses that either positively or negatively regulate monolignol biosynthesis 142:221 Few transcription factors have been identified in C4 grasses that either positively or negatively regulate monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 4 33 theme biosynthetic 711:722 arg1 pathways 724:731 folate biosynthetic pathways 704:731 folate biosynthetic pathways 704:731 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. 28944535 7 34 theme :: 1236:1237 arg1 plants 1246:1251 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1233:1251 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1233:1251 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 4 35 theme amino 660:664 arg1 acid 666:669 aromatic amino acid 651:669 aromatic amino acid 651:669 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. 28944535 0 36 theme Sorghum 29:35 arg1 bicolor 37:43 Sorghum bicolor 29:43 Sorghum bicolor 29:43 Overexpression of SbMyb60 in Sorghum bicolor impacts both primary and secondary metabolism. 28944535 6 37 theme N 956:956 arg1 assimilation 959:970 nitrogen (N) assimilation 946:970 nitrogen (N) assimilation 946:970 In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 9 38 dep substrates 1531:1540 arg1 the 1527:1529 the 1527:1529 the 1527:1529 These findings indicate that SbMyb60 can activate pathways beyond monolignol biosynthesis, including those that synthesize the substrates and cofactors required for lignin biosynthesis. 28944535 3 39 theme other 470:474 arg1 pathways 486:493 other metabolic pathways 470:493 other metabolic pathways 470:493 To determine how SbMyb60 overexpression impacts other metabolic pathways, RNA-Seq and metabolite profiling were performed on stalks and leaves. 28944535 3 40 theme SbMyb60 439:445 arg1 overexpression 447:460 SbMyb60 overexpression 439:460 SbMyb60 overexpression 439:460 To determine how SbMyb60 overexpression impacts other metabolic pathways, RNA-Seq and metabolite profiling were performed on stalks and leaves. 28944535 8 41 theme wall 1370:1373 arg1 biosynthesis 1390:1401 cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis 1365:1401 cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis 1365:1401 However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. 28944535 9 42 theme monolignol 1470:1479 arg1 biosynthesis 1481:1492 monolignol biosynthesis 1470:1492 monolignol biosynthesis 1470:1492 These findings indicate that SbMyb60 can activate pathways beyond monolignol biosynthesis, including those that synthesize the substrates and cofactors required for lignin biosynthesis. 28944535 6 43 theme nitrogen 946:953 arg1 assimilation 959:970 nitrogen (N) assimilation 946:970 nitrogen (N) assimilation 946:970 In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. 28944535 7 44 from deposition 1201:1210 arg1 internodes 1219:1228 the internodes 1215:1228 the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1215:1251 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 8 45 theme cell 1365:1368 arg1 biosynthesis 1390:1401 cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis 1365:1401 cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis 1365:1401 However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. 28944535 7 46 theme cellulose 1191:1199 arg1 deposition 1201:1210 cellulose deposition 1191:1210 cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1191:1251 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 3 47 theme metabolite 508:517 arg1 profiling 519:527 metabolite profiling 508:527 metabolite profiling 508:527 To determine how SbMyb60 overexpression impacts other metabolic pathways, RNA-Seq and metabolite profiling were performed on stalks and leaves. 28944535 7 48 theme SbMyb60 1238:1244 arg1 plants 1246:1251 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1233:1251 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1233:1251 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 8 49 theme biosynthesis 1390:1401 arg1 regulator 1352:1360 a direct regulator 1343:1360 a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis 1343:1401 However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. 28944535 8 49 theme biosynthesis 1390:1401 arg1 SbMyb60 1263:1269 SbMyb60 1263:1269 SbMyb60 1263:1269 However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. 28944535 7 50 theme plants 1246:1251 arg1 internodes 1219:1228 the internodes 1215:1228 the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants 1215:1251 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 8 51 theme direct 1345:1350 arg1 regulator 1352:1360 a direct regulator 1343:1360 a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis 1343:1401 However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. 28944535 8 51 theme direct 1345:1350 arg1 SbMyb60 1263:1269 SbMyb60 1263:1269 SbMyb60 1263:1269 However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. 28944535 2 52 theme sorghum 269:275 arg1 bicolor 286:292 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 269:293 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 269:293 Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. 28944535 2 53 theme monolignol 320:329 arg1 biosynthesis 331:342 monolignol biosynthesis 320:342 monolignol biosynthesis 320:342 Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. 28944535 8 54 theme coexpression 1282:1293 arg1 values 1295:1300 low coexpression values 1278:1300 low coexpression values 1278:1300 However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. 28944535 8 55 theme polysaccharide 1375:1388 arg1 biosynthesis 1390:1401 cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis 1365:1401 cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis 1365:1401 However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. 28944535 2 56 theme wall 404:407 arg1 composition 409:419 altered cell wall composition 391:419 altered cell wall composition 391:419 Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. 28944535 3 57 theme metabolic 476:484 arg1 pathways 486:493 other metabolic pathways 470:493 other metabolic pathways 470:493 To determine how SbMyb60 overexpression impacts other metabolic pathways, RNA-Seq and metabolite profiling were performed on stalks and leaves. 28944535 2 58 theme lignin 369:374 arg1 deposition 376:385 elevated lignin deposition 360:385 elevated lignin deposition 360:385 Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. 28944535 7 59 attach linked 1065:1070 arg2 Genes 1059:1063 Genes 1059:1063 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis 1059:1120 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 7 59 attach linked 1065:1070 arg1 biosynthesis 1085:1096 UDP-sugar biosynthesis 1075:1096 UDP-sugar biosynthesis 1075:1096 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 7 59 attach linked 1065:1070 arg1 synthesis 1112:1120 cellulose synthesis 1102:1120 cellulose synthesis 1102:1120 Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. 28944535 0 60 theme primary 58:64 arg1 metabolism 80:89 both primary and secondary metabolism 53:89 both primary and secondary metabolism 53:89 Overexpression of SbMyb60 in Sorghum bicolor impacts both primary and secondary metabolism. 28944535 2 61 theme SbMyb60 258:264 arg1 overexpression 240:253 the overexpression 236:253 the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 236:293 Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. 28944535 2 62 theme elevated 360:367 arg1 deposition 376:385 elevated lignin deposition 360:385 elevated lignin deposition 360:385 Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. 28944535 4 63 theme genes 633:637 arg1 activation 619:628 the transcriptional activation 599:628 the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways 599:731 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. 28820111 11 0 theme phylogenetic 1568:1579 arg1 analysis 1581:1588 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1526:1588 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1526:1588 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 4 1 theme whole-cell 561:570 arg1 sugars 572:577 the whole-cell sugars 557:577 the whole-cell sugars 557:577 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 4 1 theme whole-cell 561:570 arg1 galactose 584:592 galactose 584:592 galactose 584:592 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 13 2 theme type 1736:1739 arg1 strain 1741:1746 The type strain 1732:1746 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' 1732:1780 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 13 2 theme type 1736:1739 arg1 R434T 1785:1789 R434T 1785:1789 R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T) 1785:1830 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 11 3 theme Actinokineospora 1644:1659 arg1 species 1623:1629 a novel species 1615:1629 a novel species 1615:1629 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 9 4 theme cellular 1390:1397 arg1  0 1425:1426  0 1425:1426  0 1425:1426 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 4 theme cellular 1390:1397 arg1 iso-C16  1416:1423 iso-C16  1416:1423 iso-C16  1416:1423 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 4 theme cellular 1390:1397 arg1 acids 1405:1409 The major cellular fatty acids 1380:1409 The major cellular fatty acids 1380:1409 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 3 5 theme antimicrobial 332:344 arg1 activity 346:353 antimicrobial activity 332:353 antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis 332:416 Strain R434T showed antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis and significant enzyme-inhibitory capability. 28820111 9 6 dep iso-C16  1416:1423 arg1  0 1425:1426  0 1425:1426  0 1425:1426 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 6 dep iso-C16  1416:1423 arg1 iso-C16  1416:1423 iso-C16  1416:1423 iso-C16  1416:1423 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 6 dep iso-C16  1416:1423 arg1 acids 1405:1409 The major cellular fatty acids 1380:1409 The major cellular fatty acids 1380:1409 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 6 dep iso-C16  1416:1423 arg1 iso-C16  1429:1436 iso-C16  1429:1436 iso-C16  1429:1436 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 10 7 theme R434T 1489:1493 arg1 % 1507:1507 71.6 mol% 1499:1507 71.6 mol% 1499:1507 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T was 71.6 mol%. 28820111 10 7 theme R434T 1489:1493 arg1 content 1471:1477 The DNA G+C content 1459:1477 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T 1459:1493 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T was 71.6 mol%. 28820111 5 8 theme gene 662:665 arg1 sequence 667:674 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 649:674 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 649:674 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R434T formed a lineage within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. 28820111 13 9 theme 18904T=JCM 1813:1822 arg1 31557T 1824:1829 =KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T 1792:1829 =KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T 1792:1829 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 13 9 theme 18904T=JCM 1813:1822 arg1 R434T 1785:1789 R434T 1785:1789 R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T) 1785:1830 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 9 10 theme major 1384:1388 arg1  0 1425:1426  0 1425:1426  0 1425:1426 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 10 theme major 1384:1388 arg1 iso-C16  1416:1423 iso-C16  1416:1423 iso-C16  1416:1423 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 10 theme major 1384:1388 arg1 acids 1405:1409 The major cellular fatty acids 1380:1409 The major cellular fatty acids 1380:1409 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 10 11 theme strain 1482:1487 arg1 R434T 1489:1493 strain R434T 1482:1493 strain R434T 1482:1493 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T was 71.6 mol%. 28820111 6 12 theme 99.4  902:906 arg1 % 907:907 % 907:907 % 907:907 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 11 13 theme genotypic 1538:1546 arg1 analysis 1581:1588 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1526:1588 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1526:1588 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 2 14 theme soil 147:150 arg1 bacteria 152:159 soil bacteria 147:159 soil bacteria having antibacterial functions 147:190 During isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain R434T, was isolated. 28820111 5 15 theme family 731:736 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 738:755 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 727:755 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 727:755 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R434T formed a lineage within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. 28820111 4 16 theme diagnostic 468:477 arg1 acid 547:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 4 16 theme diagnostic 468:477 arg1 acid 487:490 The diagnostic diamino acid 464:490 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 464:521 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 13 17 theme 9005-403T=KACC 1798:1811 arg1 31557T 1824:1829 =KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T 1792:1829 =KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T 1792:1829 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 13 17 theme 9005-403T=KACC 1798:1811 arg1 R434T 1785:1789 R434T 1785:1789 R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T) 1785:1830 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 9 18 theme fatty 1399:1403 arg1  0 1425:1426  0 1425:1426  0 1425:1426 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 18 theme fatty 1399:1403 arg1 iso-C16  1416:1423 iso-C16  1416:1423 iso-C16  1416:1423 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 18 theme fatty 1399:1403 arg1 acids 1405:1409 The major cellular fatty acids 1380:1409 The major cellular fatty acids 1380:1409 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 5 19 theme strain 690:695 arg1 R434T 697:701 strain R434T 690:701 strain R434T 690:701 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R434T formed a lineage within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. 28820111 11 20 theme chemotaxonomic 1549:1562 arg1 analysis 1581:1588 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1526:1588 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1526:1588 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 6 21 theme sequence 786:793 arg1 similarity 795:804 highest sequence similarity 778:804 highest sequence similarity 778:804 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 8 22 theme polar 1251:1255 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1269:1290 diphosphatidylglycerol 1269:1290 diphosphatidylglycerol 1269:1290 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified glycolipid. 28820111 8 22 theme polar 1251:1255 arg1 lipids 1257:1262 The major polar lipids 1241:1262 The major polar lipids 1241:1262 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified glycolipid. 28820111 13 23 theme Actinokineospora 1752:1767 arg1 acnipugnans 1769:1779 Actinokineospora acnipugnans 1752:1779 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' 1751:1780 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 2 24 theme strain 284:289 arg1 R434T 291:295 strain R434T 284:295 strain R434T 284:295 During isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain R434T, was isolated. 28820111 6 25 theme highest 778:784 arg1 similarity 795:804 highest sequence similarity 778:804 highest sequence similarity 778:804 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 2 26 contain having 161:166 arg1 bacteria 152:159 soil bacteria 147:159 soil bacteria having antibacterial functions 147:190 During isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain R434T, was isolated. 28820111 2 26 contain having 161:166 arg2 functions 182:190 antibacterial functions 168:190 antibacterial functions 168:190 During isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain R434T, was isolated. 28820111 3 27 theme significant 422:432 arg1 capability 452:461 significant enzyme-inhibitory capability 422:461 significant enzyme-inhibitory capability 422:461 Strain R434T showed antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis and significant enzyme-inhibitory capability. 28820111 10 28 theme G+C 1467:1469 arg1 % 1507:1507 71.6 mol% 1499:1507 71.6 mol% 1499:1507 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T was 71.6 mol%. 28820111 10 28 theme G+C 1467:1469 arg1 content 1471:1477 The DNA G+C content 1459:1477 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T 1459:1493 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T was 71.6 mol%. 28820111 3 29 theme enzyme-inhibitory 434:450 arg1 capability 452:461 significant enzyme-inhibitory capability 422:461 significant enzyme-inhibitory capability 422:461 Strain R434T showed antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis and significant enzyme-inhibitory capability. 28820111 10 30 theme 71.6 mol 1499:1506 arg1 % 1507:1507 71.6 mol% 1499:1507 71.6 mol% 1499:1507 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T was 71.6 mol%. 28820111 10 30 theme 71.6 mol 1499:1506 arg1 content 1471:1477 The DNA G+C content 1459:1477 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T 1459:1493 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T was 71.6 mol%. 28820111 5 31 theme 16S 653:655 arg1 rRNA 657:660 16S rRNA 653:660 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 649:674 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R434T formed a lineage within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. 28820111 2 32 theme antibacterial 168:180 arg1 functions 182:190 antibacterial functions 168:190 antibacterial functions 168:190 During isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain R434T, was isolated. 28820111 7 33 theme strain 1214:1219 arg1 R434T 1221:1225 strain R434T 1214:1225 strain R434T 1214:1225 The predominant respiratory quinone of strain R434T was MK-9(H4). 28820111 10 34 theme DNA 1463:1465 arg1 % 1507:1507 71.6 mol% 1499:1507 71.6 mol% 1499:1507 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T was 71.6 mol%. 28820111 10 34 theme DNA 1463:1465 arg1 content 1471:1477 The DNA G+C content 1459:1477 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T 1459:1493 The DNA G+C content of strain R434T was 71.6 mol%. 28820111 5 35 theme rRNA 657:660 arg1 sequence 667:674 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 649:674 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 649:674 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R434T formed a lineage within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. 28820111 6 36 theme sequence 909:916 arg1 similarity 918:927 99.4 % sequence similarity 902:927 99.4 % sequence similarity 902:927 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 36 theme sequence 909:916 arg1 Gk-6T 895:899 Gk-6T 895:899 Gk-6T 895:899 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 0 37 theme Actinokineospora 15:30 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Actinokineospora 0:30 Description of Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 11 38 theme novel 1617:1621 arg1 species 1623:1629 a novel species 1615:1629 a novel species 1615:1629 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 4 39 theme peptidoglycan 509:521 arg1 acid 547:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 4 39 theme peptidoglycan 509:521 arg1 acid 487:490 The diagnostic diamino acid 464:490 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 464:521 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 8 40 theme major 1245:1249 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1269:1290 diphosphatidylglycerol 1269:1290 diphosphatidylglycerol 1269:1290 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified glycolipid. 28820111 8 40 theme major 1245:1249 arg1 lipids 1257:1262 The major polar lipids 1241:1262 The major polar lipids 1241:1262 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified glycolipid. 28820111 1 41 attach isolated 70:77 arg2 nov. 48:51 nov. 48:51 nov. 48:51 nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil, showing potential uses in cosmetics. 28820111 1 41 attach isolated 70:77 arg1 soil 84:87 soil 84:87 soil 84:87 nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil, showing potential uses in cosmetics. 28820111 1 41 attach isolated 70:77 arg2 actinomycete 57:68 an actinomycete 54:68 an actinomycete isolated from soil 54:87 nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil, showing potential uses in cosmetics. 28820111 4 42 theme cell-wall 499:507 arg1 peptidoglycan 509:521 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 495:521 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 495:521 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 8 43 theme unidentified 1355:1366 arg1 glycolipid 1368:1377 unidentified glycolipid 1355:1377 unidentified glycolipid 1355:1377 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified glycolipid. 28820111 13 44 theme acnipugnans 1769:1779 arg1 strain 1741:1746 The type strain 1732:1746 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' 1732:1780 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 13 44 theme acnipugnans 1769:1779 arg1 R434T 1785:1789 R434T 1785:1789 R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T) 1785:1830 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 11 45 theme strain 1591:1596 arg1 R434T 1598:1602 strain R434T 1591:1602 strain R434T 1591:1602 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 4 46 theme meso-diaminopimelic 527:545 arg1 acid 547:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 4 46 theme meso-diaminopimelic 527:545 arg1 acid 487:490 The diagnostic diamino acid 464:490 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 464:521 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 13 47 theme =KEMB 1792:1796 arg1 31557T 1824:1829 =KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T 1792:1829 =KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T 1792:1829 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 13 47 theme =KEMB 1792:1796 arg1 R434T 1785:1789 R434T 1785:1789 R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T) 1785:1830 The type strain of 'Actinokineospora acnipugnans' is R434T (=KEMB 9005-403T=KACC 18904T=JCM 31557T). 28820111 7 48 theme predominant 1179:1189 arg1 quinone 1203:1209 The predominant respiratory quinone 1175:1209 The predominant respiratory quinone of strain R434T 1175:1225 The predominant respiratory quinone of strain R434T was MK-9(H4). 28820111 7 48 theme predominant 1179:1189 arg1 MK-9 1231:1234 MK-9 1231:1234 MK-9 1231:1234 The predominant respiratory quinone of strain R434T was MK-9(H4). 28820111 3 49 theme Strain 312:317 arg1 R434T 319:323 Strain R434T 312:323 Strain R434T 312:323 Strain R434T showed antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis and significant enzyme-inhibitory capability. 28820111 2 50 theme bacteria 152:159 arg1 isolation 134:142 isolation 134:142 isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions 134:190 During isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain R434T, was isolated. 28820111 5 51 theme Phylogenetic 618:629 arg1 analysis 631:638 Phylogenetic analysis 618:638 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 618:674 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R434T formed a lineage within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. 28820111 7 52 theme respiratory 1191:1201 arg1 quinone 1203:1209 The predominant respiratory quinone 1175:1209 The predominant respiratory quinone of strain R434T 1175:1225 The predominant respiratory quinone of strain R434T was MK-9(H4). 28820111 7 52 theme respiratory 1191:1201 arg1 MK-9 1231:1234 MK-9 1231:1234 MK-9 1231:1234 The predominant respiratory quinone of strain R434T was MK-9(H4). 28820111 11 53 theme name 1676:1679 arg1 Actinokineospora 1681:1696 the name Actinokineospora 1672:1696 the name Actinokineospora 1672:1696 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 4 54 theme diamino 479:485 arg1 acid 547:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 4 54 theme diamino 479:485 arg1 acid 487:490 The diagnostic diamino acid 464:490 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 464:521 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 28820111 6 55 theme genus 831:835 arg1 Actinokineospora 837:852 the genus Actinokineospora 827:852 the genus Actinokineospora 827:852 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 2 56 theme aerobic 196:202 arg1 bacterium 262:270 an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium 193:270 an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium 193:270 During isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain R434T, was isolated. 28820111 6 57 theme % 907:907 arg1 similarity 918:927 99.4 % sequence similarity 902:927 99.4 % sequence similarity 902:927 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 57 theme % 907:907 arg1 Gk-6T 895:899 Gk-6T 895:899 Gk-6T 895:899 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 11 58 theme phenotypic 1526:1535 arg1 analysis 1581:1588 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1526:1588 phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1526:1588 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 6 59 theme Actinokineospora 837:852 arg1 15668T 1104:1109 15668T 1104:1109 15668T 1104:1109 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 59 theme Actinokineospora 837:852 arg1 Gk-6T 895:899 Gk-6T 895:899 Gk-6T 895:899 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 59 theme Actinokineospora 837:852 arg1 20054T 1008:1013 20054T 1008:1013 20054T 1008:1013 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 59 theme Actinokineospora 837:852 arg1 cibodasensis 1042:1053 cibodasensis 1042:1053 cibodasensis 1042:1053 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 59 theme Actinokineospora 837:852 arg1 16518T 1158:1163 16518T 1158:1163 16518T 1158:1163 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 59 theme Actinokineospora 837:852 arg1 strains 816:822 type strains 811:822 type strains 811:822 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 59 theme Actinokineospora 837:852 arg1 75948T 957:962 75948T 957:962 75948T 957:962 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 60 theme Strain 758:763 arg1 R434T 765:769 Strain R434T 758:769 Strain R434T 758:769 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 11 61 dep analysis 1581:1588 arg1 the 1513:1515 the 1513:1515 the 1513:1515 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 11 61 dep analysis 1581:1588 arg1 basis 1517:1521 basis 1517:1521 basis 1517:1521 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 9 62 dep  0 1425:1426 arg1  1ω6c 1452:1456  1ω6c 1452:1456  1ω6c 1452:1456 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 62 dep  0 1425:1426 arg1 C17  1447:1450 C17  1447:1450 C17  1447:1450 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 9 62 dep  0 1425:1426 arg1  1 H 1438:1441  1 H 1438:1441  1 H 1438:1441 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. 28820111 7 63 theme R434T 1221:1225 arg1 quinone 1203:1209 The predominant respiratory quinone 1175:1209 The predominant respiratory quinone of strain R434T 1175:1225 The predominant respiratory quinone of strain R434T was MK-9(H4). 28820111 7 63 theme R434T 1221:1225 arg1 MK-9 1231:1234 MK-9 1231:1234 MK-9 1231:1234 The predominant respiratory quinone of strain R434T was MK-9(H4). 28820111 6 64 theme type 811:814 arg1 15668T 1104:1109 15668T 1104:1109 15668T 1104:1109 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 64 theme type 811:814 arg1 Gk-6T 895:899 Gk-6T 895:899 Gk-6T 895:899 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 64 theme type 811:814 arg1 20054T 1008:1013 20054T 1008:1013 20054T 1008:1013 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 64 theme type 811:814 arg1 cibodasensis 1042:1053 cibodasensis 1042:1053 cibodasensis 1042:1053 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 64 theme type 811:814 arg1 16518T 1158:1163 16518T 1158:1163 16518T 1158:1163 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 64 theme type 811:814 arg1 strains 816:822 type strains 811:822 type strains 811:822 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 6 64 theme type 811:814 arg1 75948T 957:962 75948T 957:962 75948T 957:962 Strain R434T showed highest sequence similarity with type strains of the genus Actinokineospora, including Actinokineospora guangxiensis Gk-6T (99.4 % sequence similarity), Actinokineospora soli YIM 75948T (98.5 %), Actinokineospora fastidiosa IMSNU 20054T (98.0 %), Actinokineospora cibodasensis ID03-0784T (97.9 %), Actinokineospora terrae IFO 15668T (97.6 %) and Actinokineospora auranticolor IFO 16518T (97.4 %). 28820111 11 65 theme genus 1638:1642 arg1 Actinokineospora 1644:1659 the genus Actinokineospora 1634:1659 the genus Actinokineospora 1634:1659 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R434T represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora acnipugnans sp. 28820111 2 66 dep aerobic 196:202 arg1 oxidase-negative 226:241 oxidase-negative 226:241 oxidase-negative 226:241 During isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain R434T, was isolated. 28820111 2 66 dep aerobic 196:202 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 205:223 Gram-stain-positive 205:223 Gram-stain-positive 205:223 During isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain R434T, was isolated. 28820111 2 66 dep aerobic 196:202 arg1 catalase-positive 244:260 catalase-positive 244:260 catalase-positive 244:260 During isolation of soil bacteria having antibacterial functions, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain R434T, was isolated. 28623507 0 0 theme foliar 82:87 arg1 spray 94:98 foliar iron spray 82:98 foliar iron spray 82:98 Physiological characteristics of Plantago major under SO2 exposure as affected by foliar iron spray. 28623507 4 1 from 6 weeks 542:548 arg1 chambers 570:577 100 × 70 × 70 cm chambers 553:577 100 × 70 × 70 cm chambers 553:577 Plants were exposed to SO2 for 6 weeks in 100 × 70 × 70 cm chambers. 28623507 5 2 theme plants 594:599 arg1 Fumigation 580:589 Fumigation 580:589 Fumigation of plants with SO2 580:608 Fumigation of plants with SO2 was performed for 3 h daily for 3 days per week (alternate day). 28623507 8 3 theme catalase 1026:1033 arg1 activity 1062:1069 catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity 1026:1069 catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity 1026:1069 Both at with and without added Fe treatments, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity was higher in the plants fumigated with SO2 in comparison with those non-fumigated with SO2. 28623507 11 4 theme foliar 1394:1399 arg1 application 1401:1411 foliar application 1394:1411 foliar application of Fe 1394:1417 The results obtained showed that foliar application of Fe was effective in reducing the effects of exposure to SO2 on cell wall composition. 28623507 6 5 theme concentration 834:846 arg1 incidence 778:786 incidence 778:786 incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration 778:846 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 6 6 theme chlorophyll 822:832 arg1 concentration 834:846 reduced chlorophyll concentration 814:846 reduced chlorophyll concentration 814:846 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 10 7 theme lignin 1321:1326 arg1 content 1328:1334 lignin content 1321:1334 lignin content of plant leaf cell wall 1321:1358 Exposure to SO2 led to reduced cellulose but enhanced lignin content of plant leaf cell wall. 28623507 11 8 theme Fe 1416:1417 arg1 application 1401:1411 foliar application 1394:1411 foliar application of Fe 1394:1417 The results obtained showed that foliar application of Fe was effective in reducing the effects of exposure to SO2 on cell wall composition. 28623507 6 9 theme reduced 814:820 arg1 concentration 834:846 reduced chlorophyll concentration 814:846 reduced chlorophyll concentration 814:846 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 12 10 theme leaf 1598:1601 arg1 wall 1608:1611 the leaf cell wall 1594:1611 the leaf cell wall 1594:1611 In contrast to SO2, application of Fe increased cellulose while decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall. 28623507 9 11 theme Fe 1186:1187 arg1 application 1171:1181 Foliar application 1164:1181 Foliar application of Fe 1164:1187 Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. 28623507 0 12 theme iron 89:92 arg1 spray 94:98 foliar iron spray 82:98 foliar iron spray 82:98 Physiological characteristics of Plantago major under SO2 exposure as affected by foliar iron spray. 28623507 8 13 from SO2 1111:1113 arg1 comparison 1118:1127 comparison 1118:1127 comparison with those non-fumigated with SO2 1118:1161 Both at with and without added Fe treatments, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity was higher in the plants fumigated with SO2 in comparison with those non-fumigated with SO2. 28623507 7 14 theme higher 953:958 arg1 Fe 960:961 higher Fe 953:961 higher Fe 953:961 No visible chlorotic symptoms were observed on the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves. 28623507 7 15 dep their 966:970 arg1 leaves 972:977 leaves 972:977 leaves 972:977 No visible chlorotic symptoms were observed on the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves. 28623507 6 16 theme symptoms 801:808 arg1 incidence 778:786 incidence 778:786 incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration 778:846 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 10 17 theme cell 1350:1353 arg1 wall 1355:1358 plant leaf cell wall 1339:1358 plant leaf cell wall 1339:1358 Exposure to SO2 led to reduced cellulose but enhanced lignin content of plant leaf cell wall. 28623507 2 18 theme physiological 327:339 arg1 characteristics 341:355 certain physiological characteristics 319:355 certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major 319:373 In the present study, we investigated how exposure to SO2 and foliar application of iron (Fe) would affect certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major. 28623507 1 19 theme main 141:144 arg1 pollutant 150:158 a main air pollutant 139:158 a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation 139:209 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. 28623507 1 19 theme main 141:144 arg1 dioxide 108:114 Sulfur dioxide 101:114 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 101:120 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. 28623507 13 20 theme reduced 1635:1641 arg1 stress 1653:1658 reduced oxidative stress 1635:1658 reduced oxidative stress induced by SO2 in plants supplied with Fe compared with those unsupplied with Fe 1635:1739 This might be due to reduced oxidative stress induced by SO2 in plants supplied with Fe compared with those unsupplied with Fe. 28623507 6 21 theme chlorosis 791:799 arg1 symptoms 801:808 chlorosis symptoms 791:808 chlorosis symptoms 791:808 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 10 22 theme leaf 1345:1348 arg1 wall 1355:1358 plant leaf cell wall 1339:1358 plant leaf cell wall 1339:1358 Exposure to SO2 led to reduced cellulose but enhanced lignin content of plant leaf cell wall. 28623507 7 23 theme chlorotic 860:868 arg1 symptoms 870:877 No visible chlorotic symptoms 849:877 No visible chlorotic symptoms 849:877 No visible chlorotic symptoms were observed on the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves. 28623507 1 24 theme air 146:148 arg1 pollutant 150:158 a main air pollutant 139:158 a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation 139:209 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. 28623507 1 24 theme air 146:148 arg1 dioxide 108:114 Sulfur dioxide 101:114 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 101:120 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. 28623507 8 25 with non-fumigated 1140:1152 arg1 SO2 1159:1161 SO2 1159:1161 SO2 1159:1161 Both at with and without added Fe treatments, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity was higher in the plants fumigated with SO2 in comparison with those non-fumigated with SO2. 28623507 10 26 theme plant 1339:1343 arg1 wall 1355:1358 plant leaf cell wall 1339:1358 plant leaf cell wall 1339:1358 Exposure to SO2 led to reduced cellulose but enhanced lignin content of plant leaf cell wall. 28623507 10 27 theme reduced 1290:1296 arg1 cellulose 1298:1306 reduced cellulose 1290:1306 reduced cellulose 1290:1306 Exposure to SO2 led to reduced cellulose but enhanced lignin content of plant leaf cell wall. 28623507 2 28 theme foliar 274:279 arg1 application 281:291 foliar application 274:291 foliar application of iron (Fe) 274:304 In the present study, we investigated how exposure to SO2 and foliar application of iron (Fe) would affect certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major. 28623507 3 29 theme plant 380:384 arg1 spray 504:508 foliar spray 497:508 foliar spray 497:508 The plant seedlings exposed or unexposed to SO2 (3900 μg m-3) were non-supplemented or supplemented with Fe (3 g L-1) as foliar spray. 28623507 3 29 theme plant 380:384 arg1 seedlings 386:394 The plant seedlings 376:394 The plant seedlings exposed or unexposed to SO2 (3900 μg m-3) 376:436 The plant seedlings exposed or unexposed to SO2 (3900 μg m-3) were non-supplemented or supplemented with Fe (3 g L-1) as foliar spray. 28623507 0 30 theme Physiological 0:12 arg1 characteristics 14:28 Physiological characteristics 0:28 Physiological characteristics of Plantago major under SO2 exposure 0:65 Physiological characteristics of Plantago major under SO2 exposure as affected by foliar iron spray. 28623507 12 31 theme cell 1603:1606 arg1 wall 1608:1611 the leaf cell wall 1594:1611 the leaf cell wall 1594:1611 In contrast to SO2, application of Fe increased cellulose while decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall. 28623507 8 32 theme peroxidase 1045:1054 arg1 activity 1062:1069 catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity 1026:1069 catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity 1026:1069 Both at with and without added Fe treatments, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity was higher in the plants fumigated with SO2 in comparison with those non-fumigated with SO2. 28623507 2 33 theme certain 319:325 arg1 characteristics 341:355 certain physiological characteristics 319:355 certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major 319:373 In the present study, we investigated how exposure to SO2 and foliar application of iron (Fe) would affect certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major. 28623507 0 34 theme Plantago 33:40 arg1 characteristics 14:28 Physiological characteristics 0:28 Physiological characteristics of Plantago major under SO2 exposure 0:65 Physiological characteristics of Plantago major under SO2 exposure as affected by foliar iron spray. 28623507 10 35 theme wall 1355:1358 arg1 content 1328:1334 lignin content 1321:1334 lignin content of plant leaf cell wall 1321:1358 Exposure to SO2 led to reduced cellulose but enhanced lignin content of plant leaf cell wall. 28623507 7 36 theme visible 852:858 arg1 symptoms 870:877 No visible chlorotic symptoms 849:877 No visible chlorotic symptoms 849:877 No visible chlorotic symptoms were observed on the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves. 28623507 3 37 theme foliar 497:502 arg1 spray 504:508 foliar spray 497:508 foliar spray 497:508 The plant seedlings exposed or unexposed to SO2 (3900 μg m-3) were non-supplemented or supplemented with Fe (3 g L-1) as foliar spray. 28623507 3 37 theme foliar 497:502 arg1 seedlings 386:394 The plant seedlings 376:394 The plant seedlings exposed or unexposed to SO2 (3900 μg m-3) 376:436 The plant seedlings exposed or unexposed to SO2 (3900 μg m-3) were non-supplemented or supplemented with Fe (3 g L-1) as foliar spray. 28623507 1 38 theme industrialized 163:176 arg1 areas 178:182 industrialized areas 163:182 industrialized areas that can damage vegetation 163:209 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. 28623507 1 39 theme Sulfur 101:106 arg1 SO2 117:119 SO2 117:119 SO2 117:119 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. 28623507 1 39 theme Sulfur 101:106 arg1 pollutant 150:158 a main air pollutant 139:158 a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation 139:209 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. 28623507 1 39 theme Sulfur 101:106 arg1 dioxide 108:114 Sulfur dioxide 101:114 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 101:120 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. 28623507 6 40 from concentration 689:701 arg1 plants 710:715 the plants 706:715 the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment 706:755 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 8 41 with comparison 1118:1127 arg1 non-fumigated 1140:1152 non-fumigated 1140:1152 non-fumigated 1140:1152 Both at with and without added Fe treatments, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity was higher in the plants fumigated with SO2 in comparison with those non-fumigated with SO2. 28623507 9 42 theme antioxidant 1234:1244 arg1 CAT 1254:1256 CAT 1254:1256 CAT 1254:1256 Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. 28623507 9 42 theme antioxidant 1234:1244 arg1 enzymes 1246:1252 antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD 1234:1264 antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD 1234:1264 Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. 28623507 9 42 theme antioxidant 1234:1244 arg1 POD 1262:1264 POD 1262:1264 POD 1262:1264 Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. 28623507 8 43 theme Fe 1011:1012 arg1 treatments 1014:1023 added Fe treatments 1005:1023 added Fe treatments 1005:1023 Both at with and without added Fe treatments, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity was higher in the plants fumigated with SO2 in comparison with those non-fumigated with SO2. 28623507 11 44 theme cell 1479:1482 arg1 composition 1489:1499 cell wall composition 1479:1499 cell wall composition 1479:1499 The results obtained showed that foliar application of Fe was effective in reducing the effects of exposure to SO2 on cell wall composition. 28623507 9 45 dep enzymes 1246:1252 arg1 CAT 1254:1256 CAT 1254:1256 CAT 1254:1256 Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. 28623507 9 45 dep enzymes 1246:1252 arg1 enzymes 1246:1252 antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD 1234:1264 antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD 1234:1264 Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. 28623507 9 45 dep enzymes 1246:1252 arg1 POD 1262:1264 POD 1262:1264 POD 1262:1264 Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. 28623507 2 46 theme major 369:373 arg1 Plantago 360:367 Plantago major 360:373 Plantago major 360:373 In the present study, we investigated how exposure to SO2 and foliar application of iron (Fe) would affect certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major. 28623507 0 47 theme major 42:46 arg1 Plantago 33:40 Plantago major 33:46 Plantago major 33:46 Physiological characteristics of Plantago major under SO2 exposure as affected by foliar iron spray. 28623507 9 48 theme enzymes 1246:1252 arg1 activity 1222:1229 activity 1222:1229 activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD 1222:1264 Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. 28623507 8 49 theme added 1005:1009 arg1 treatments 1014:1023 added Fe treatments 1005:1023 added Fe treatments 1005:1023 Both at with and without added Fe treatments, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity was higher in the plants fumigated with SO2 in comparison with those non-fumigated with SO2. 28623507 6 50 theme Fe 686:687 arg1 concentration 689:701 Lower leaf Fe concentration 675:701 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment 675:755 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 2 51 theme Plantago 360:367 arg1 characteristics 341:355 certain physiological characteristics 319:355 certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major 319:373 In the present study, we investigated how exposure to SO2 and foliar application of iron (Fe) would affect certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major. 28623507 7 52 located observed 884:891 arg2 symptoms 870:877 No visible chlorotic symptoms 849:877 No visible chlorotic symptoms 849:877 No visible chlorotic symptoms were observed on the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves. 28623507 7 52 located observed 884:891 arg1 plants 912:917 the SO2-exposed plants 896:917 the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves 896:977 No visible chlorotic symptoms were observed on the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves. 28623507 13 53 from SO2 1671:1673 arg1 plants 1678:1683 plants 1678:1683 plants supplied with Fe compared with those unsupplied with Fe 1678:1739 This might be due to reduced oxidative stress induced by SO2 in plants supplied with Fe compared with those unsupplied with Fe. 28623507 6 54 theme leaf 681:684 arg1 concentration 689:701 Lower leaf Fe concentration 675:701 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment 675:755 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 5 55 with Fumigation 580:589 arg1 SO2 606:608 SO2 606:608 SO2 606:608 Fumigation of plants with SO2 was performed for 3 h daily for 3 days per week (alternate day). 28623507 0 56 theme SO2 54:56 arg1 exposure 58:65 SO2 exposure 54:65 SO2 exposure 54:65 Physiological characteristics of Plantago major under SO2 exposure as affected by foliar iron spray. 28623507 6 57 theme Lower 675:679 arg1 concentration 689:701 Lower leaf Fe concentration 675:701 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment 675:755 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 2 58 theme iron 296:299 arg1 application 281:291 foliar application 274:291 foliar application of iron (Fe) 274:304 In the present study, we investigated how exposure to SO2 and foliar application of iron (Fe) would affect certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major. 28623507 2 58 theme iron 296:299 arg1 exposure 254:261 exposure 254:261 exposure to SO2 254:268 In the present study, we investigated how exposure to SO2 and foliar application of iron (Fe) would affect certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major. 28623507 12 59 theme decreased 1566:1574 arg1 content 1583:1589 decreased lignin content 1566:1589 decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall 1566:1611 In contrast to SO2, application of Fe increased cellulose while decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall. 28623507 11 60 from effects 1449:1455 arg1 composition 1489:1499 cell wall composition 1479:1499 cell wall composition 1479:1499 The results obtained showed that foliar application of Fe was effective in reducing the effects of exposure to SO2 on cell wall composition. 28623507 6 61 theme Fe 744:745 arg1 treatment 747:755 no added Fe treatment 735:755 no added Fe treatment 735:755 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 12 62 theme wall 1608:1611 arg1 content 1583:1589 decreased lignin content 1566:1589 decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall 1566:1611 In contrast to SO2, application of Fe increased cellulose while decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall. 28623507 5 63 theme daily 632:636 arg1 3 h 628:630 3 h 628:630 3 h daily for 3 days per week (alternate day) 628:672 Fumigation of plants with SO2 was performed for 3 h daily for 3 days per week (alternate day). 28623507 6 64 theme added 738:742 arg1 treatment 747:755 no added Fe treatment 735:755 no added Fe treatment 735:755 Lower leaf Fe concentration in the plants exposed to SO2 at no added Fe treatment was accompanied with incidence of chlorosis symptoms and reduced chlorophyll concentration. 28623507 11 65 theme exposure 1460:1467 arg1 effects 1449:1455 the effects 1445:1455 the effects of exposure to SO2 on cell wall composition 1445:1499 The results obtained showed that foliar application of Fe was effective in reducing the effects of exposure to SO2 on cell wall composition. 28623507 1 66 from pollutant 150:158 arg1 areas 178:182 industrialized areas 163:182 industrialized areas that can damage vegetation 163:209 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered as a main air pollutant in industrialized areas that can damage vegetation. 28623507 13 67 theme oxidative 1643:1651 arg1 stress 1653:1658 reduced oxidative stress 1635:1658 reduced oxidative stress induced by SO2 in plants supplied with Fe compared with those unsupplied with Fe 1635:1739 This might be due to reduced oxidative stress induced by SO2 in plants supplied with Fe compared with those unsupplied with Fe. 28623507 2 68 theme present 219:225 arg1 study 227:231 the present study 215:231 the present study 215:231 In the present study, we investigated how exposure to SO2 and foliar application of iron (Fe) would affect certain physiological characteristics of Plantago major. 28623507 11 69 theme wall 1484:1487 arg1 composition 1489:1499 cell wall composition 1479:1499 cell wall composition 1479:1499 The results obtained showed that foliar application of Fe was effective in reducing the effects of exposure to SO2 on cell wall composition. 28623507 12 70 theme lignin 1576:1581 arg1 content 1583:1589 decreased lignin content 1566:1589 decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall 1566:1611 In contrast to SO2, application of Fe increased cellulose while decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall. 28623507 4 71 theme 100 × 70 × 70 cm 553:568 arg1 chambers 570:577 100 × 70 × 70 cm chambers 553:577 100 × 70 × 70 cm chambers 553:577 Plants were exposed to SO2 for 6 weeks in 100 × 70 × 70 cm chambers. 28623507 9 72 theme Foliar 1164:1169 arg1 application 1171:1181 Foliar application 1164:1181 Foliar application of Fe 1164:1187 Foliar application of Fe was also effective in increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD. 28623507 7 73 theme SO2-exposed 900:910 arg1 plants 912:917 the SO2-exposed plants 896:917 the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves 896:977 No visible chlorotic symptoms were observed on the SO2-exposed plants supplied with Fe that accumulated higher Fe in their leaves. 28623507 12 74 theme Fe 1537:1538 arg1 application 1522:1532 application 1522:1532 application of Fe 1522:1538 In contrast to SO2, application of Fe increased cellulose while decreased lignin content of the leaf cell wall. 28623507 5 75 theme alternate 659:667 arg1 day 669:671 alternate day 659:671 alternate day 659:671 Fumigation of plants with SO2 was performed for 3 h daily for 3 days per week (alternate day). 28623507 5 75 theme alternate 659:667 arg1 week 653:656 week 653:656 week (alternate day) 653:672 Fumigation of plants with SO2 was performed for 3 h daily for 3 days per week (alternate day). 28005518 7 0 dep 10-methyl 970:978 arg1 C16  1002:1005 C16  1002:1005 C16  1002:1005 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 6 1 theme N. 729:730 arg1 20641T 745:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 1 theme N. 729:730 arg1 strains 721:727 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 13 2 theme type 1557:1560 arg1 WYH11-7T 1572:1579 WYH11-7T 1572:1579 WYH11-7T (=CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T) 1572:1608 The type strain is WYH11-7T (=CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T). 28005518 13 2 theme type 1557:1560 arg1 strain 1562:1567 The type strain 1553:1567 The type strain 1553:1567 The type strain is WYH11-7T (=CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T). 28005518 7 3 theme respiratory 837:847 arg1 menaquinone 849:859 The respiratory menaquinone 833:859 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T 833:871 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 7 3 theme respiratory 837:847 arg1 MK-8 877:880 MK-8 877:880 MK-8 877:880 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 2 4 theme non-spore-forming 107:123 arg1 strain 140:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 81:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 81:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 7 5 theme summed 984:989 arg1 feature 991:997 summed feature 3 984:999 summed feature 3 984:999 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 10 6 theme DNA 1326:1328 arg1 content 1334:1340 The DNA G+C content 1322:1340 The DNA G+C content 1322:1340 The DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28005518 10 6 theme DNA 1326:1328 arg1 % 1354:1354 71.2 mol% 1346:1354 71.2 mol% 1346:1354 The DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28005518 9 7 contain contained 1186:1194 arg2 ribose 1205:1210 ribose 1205:1210 ribose 1205:1210 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 7 contain contained 1186:1194 arg2 glucose 1213:1219 glucose 1213:1219 glucose 1213:1219 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 7 contain contained 1186:1194 arg2 acid 1264:1267 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1246:1267 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1246:1267 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 7 contain contained 1186:1194 arg2 mannose 1196:1202 mannose 1196:1202 mannose 1196:1202 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 7 contain contained 1186:1194 arg2 galactose 1225:1233 galactose 1225:1233 galactose 1225:1233 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 7 contain contained 1186:1194 arg2 acid 1295:1298 the diagnostic diamino acid 1272:1298 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1272:1319 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 7 contain contained 1186:1194 arg1 hydrolysates 1173:1184 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1162:1184 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1162:1184 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 11 8 theme Nocardioides 1477:1488 arg1 species 1456:1462 a novel species 1448:1462 a novel species 1448:1462 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain WYH11-7T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp. 28005518 6 9 dep 17.6±4.9 and 794:805 arg1 % 816:816 14.6±3.1 % 807:816 14.6±3.1 % 807:816 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 7 10 dep C18  920:923 arg1 feature 991:997 summed feature 3 984:999 summed feature 3 984:999 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 7 10 dep C18  920:923 arg1 C18  962:965 C18  962:965 C18  962:965 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 7 10 dep C18  920:923 arg1 10-methyl 970:978  1 10-methyl 967:978  1 10-methyl 967:978 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 7 10 dep C18  920:923 arg1  0 937:938  0 937:938  0 937:938 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 7 10 dep C18  920:923 arg1 C16  932:935 C16  932:935 C16  932:935 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 11 11 theme name 1505:1508 arg1 Nocardioidesphosphatisp 1510:1532 the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp 1501:1532 the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp 1501:1532 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain WYH11-7T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp. 28005518 7 12 theme WYH11-7T 864:871 arg1 menaquinone 849:859 The respiratory menaquinone 833:859 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T 833:871 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 7 12 theme WYH11-7T 864:871 arg1 MK-8 877:880 MK-8 877:880 MK-8 877:880 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 9 13 from acid 1295:1298 arg1 peptidoglycan 1307:1319 the peptidoglycan 1303:1319 the peptidoglycan 1303:1319 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 5 14 theme 97.4 623:626 arg1 % 643:643 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 % 623:643 % 643:643 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 11 15 theme phylogenetic 1369:1380 arg1 data 1401:1404 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1357:1404 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1357:1404 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain WYH11-7T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp. 28005518 11 16 theme Phenotypic 1357:1366 arg1 data 1401:1404 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1357:1404 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1357:1404 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain WYH11-7T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp. 28005518 5 17 theme Nocardioidesdubius 503:520 arg1 19084T 526:531 Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T 503:531 Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T 503:531 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 11 18 theme chemotaxonomic 1386:1399 arg1 data 1401:1404 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1357:1404 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1357:1404 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain WYH11-7T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp. 28005518 2 19 from mine 199:202 arg1 Province 214:221 Yunnan Province 207:221 Yunnan Province 207:221 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 2 19 from mine 199:202 arg1 China 227:231 PR China 224:231 PR China 224:231 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 3 20 theme taxonomic 238:246 arg1 position 248:255 The taxonomic position 234:255 The taxonomic position of WYH11-7T 234:267 The taxonomic position of WYH11-7T was investigated by polyphasic approaches. 28005518 5 21 theme 16S 584:586 arg1 similarities 607:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 575:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively 575:657 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 1 22 theme phosphate 65:73 arg1 mine 75:78 a phosphate mine 63:78 a phosphate mine 63:78 nov., an actinomycete isolated from a phosphate mine. 28005518 5 23 theme DSM 522:524 arg1 19084T 526:531 Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T 503:531 Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T 503:531 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 8 24 theme unidentified 1134:1145 arg1 phospholipids 1147:1159 two unidentified phospholipids 1130:1159 two unidentified phospholipids 1130:1159 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids. 28005518 0 25 theme phosphati 13:21 arg1 sp 23:24 phosphati sp 13:24 phosphati sp 13:24 Nocardioides phosphati sp. 28005518 9 26 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1246:1262 arg1 acid 1295:1298 the diagnostic diamino acid 1272:1298 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1272:1319 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 26 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1246:1262 arg1 ribose 1205:1210 ribose 1205:1210 ribose 1205:1210 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 26 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1246:1262 arg1 glucose 1213:1219 glucose 1213:1219 glucose 1213:1219 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 26 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1246:1262 arg1 acid 1264:1267 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1246:1267 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1246:1267 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 26 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1246:1262 arg1 mannose 1196:1202 mannose 1196:1202 mannose 1196:1202 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 26 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1246:1262 arg1 galactose 1225:1233 galactose 1225:1233 galactose 1225:1233 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 5 27 theme 97.0  638:642 arg1 % 643:643 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 % 623:643 % 643:643 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 5 28 theme rRNA 588:591 arg1 similarities 607:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 575:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively 575:657 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 10 29 theme G+C 1330:1332 arg1 content 1334:1340 The DNA G+C content 1322:1340 The DNA G+C content 1322:1340 The DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28005518 10 29 theme G+C 1330:1332 arg1 % 1354:1354 71.2 mol% 1346:1354 71.2 mol% 1346:1354 The DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28005518 5 30 theme % 643:643 arg1 similarities 607:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 575:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively 575:657 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 5 31 theme gene 593:596 arg1 similarities 607:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 575:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively 575:657 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 6 32 theme WYH11-7T 695:702 arg1 19084T 770:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 32 theme WYH11-7T 695:702 arg1 20641T 745:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 32 theme WYH11-7T 695:702 arg1 strains 721:727 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 1 33 attach isolated 49:56 arg2 actinomycete 36:47 an actinomycete 33:47 an actinomycete isolated from a phosphate mine 33:78 nov., an actinomycete isolated from a phosphate mine. 28005518 1 33 attach isolated 49:56 arg1 mine 75:78 a phosphate mine 63:78 a phosphate mine 63:78 nov., an actinomycete isolated from a phosphate mine. 28005518 3 34 theme WYH11-7T 260:267 arg1 position 248:255 The taxonomic position 234:255 The taxonomic position of WYH11-7T 234:267 The taxonomic position of WYH11-7T was investigated by polyphasic approaches. 28005518 5 35 theme sequence 598:605 arg1 similarities 607:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 575:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively 575:657 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 5 36 theme Nocardioidesjensenii 470:489 arg1 20641T 495:500 Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T 470:500 Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T 470:500 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 2 37 attach isolated 173:180 arg1 mine 199:202 a phosphate mine 187:202 a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China 187:231 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 2 37 attach isolated 173:180 arg2 strain 140:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 81:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 81:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 6 38 theme DSM 741:743 arg1 20641T 745:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 38 theme DSM 741:743 arg1 strains 721:727 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 39 theme N. 756:757 arg1 19084T 770:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 39 theme N. 756:757 arg1 strains 721:727 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 13 40 theme =CGMCC 1582:1587 arg1 WYH11-7T 1572:1579 WYH11-7T 1572:1579 WYH11-7T (=CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T) 1572:1608 The type strain is WYH11-7T (=CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T). 28005518 13 40 theme =CGMCC 1582:1587 arg1 104026T 1601:1607 =CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T 1582:1607 =CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T 1582:1607 The type strain is WYH11-7T (=CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T). 28005518 5 41 theme DSM 491:493 arg1 20641T 495:500 Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T 470:500 Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T 470:500 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 1 42 dep actinomycete 36:47 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an actinomycete isolated from a phosphate mine. 28005518 6 43 theme type 716:719 arg1 19084T 770:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 43 theme type 716:719 arg1 20641T 745:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 43 theme type 716:719 arg1 strains 721:727 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 13 44 theme 4.7371T=DSM 1589:1599 arg1 WYH11-7T 1572:1579 WYH11-7T 1572:1579 WYH11-7T (=CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T) 1572:1608 The type strain is WYH11-7T (=CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T). 28005518 13 44 theme 4.7371T=DSM 1589:1599 arg1 104026T 1601:1607 =CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T 1582:1607 =CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T 1582:1607 The type strain is WYH11-7T (=CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T). 28005518 2 45 theme PR 224:225 arg1 Province 214:221 Yunnan Province 207:221 Yunnan Province 207:221 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 2 45 theme PR 224:225 arg1 China 227:231 PR China 224:231 PR China 224:231 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 6 46 theme relatedness 668:678 arg1 values 680:685 DNA-DNA relatedness values 660:685 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 660:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 11 47 theme strain 1421:1426 arg1 WYH11-7T 1428:1435 strain WYH11-7T 1421:1435 strain WYH11-7T 1421:1435 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain WYH11-7T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp. 28005518 2 48 theme Gram-staining-positive 83:104 arg1 strain 140:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 81:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 81:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 7 49 theme  1 967:968 arg1 10-methyl 970:978  1 10-methyl 967:978  1 10-methyl 967:978 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 6 50 theme DSM 766:768 arg1 19084T 770:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 50 theme DSM 766:768 arg1 strains 721:727 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 4 51 theme 16S 343:345 arg1 sequences 357:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that WYH11-7T represents a member of the genus Nocardioides. 28005518 8 52 theme polar 1037:1041 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1055:1076 diphosphatidylglycerol 1055:1076 diphosphatidylglycerol 1055:1076 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids. 28005518 8 52 theme polar 1037:1041 arg1 lipids 1043:1048 The polar lipids 1033:1048 The polar lipids 1033:1048 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids. 28005518 9 53 theme diamino 1287:1293 arg1 acid 1295:1298 the diagnostic diamino acid 1272:1298 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1272:1319 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 53 theme diamino 1287:1293 arg1 ribose 1205:1210 ribose 1205:1210 ribose 1205:1210 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 53 theme diamino 1287:1293 arg1 glucose 1213:1219 glucose 1213:1219 glucose 1213:1219 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 53 theme diamino 1287:1293 arg1 acid 1264:1267 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1246:1267 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1246:1267 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 53 theme diamino 1287:1293 arg1 mannose 1196:1202 mannose 1196:1202 mannose 1196:1202 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 53 theme diamino 1287:1293 arg1 galactose 1225:1233 galactose 1225:1233 galactose 1225:1233 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 3 54 theme polyphasic 289:298 arg1 approaches 300:309 polyphasic approaches 289:309 polyphasic approaches 289:309 The taxonomic position of WYH11-7T was investigated by polyphasic approaches. 28005518 9 55 theme Whole-cell 1162:1171 arg1 hydrolysates 1173:1184 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1162:1184 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1162:1184 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 11 56 theme genus 1471:1475 arg1 Nocardioides 1477:1488 the genus Nocardioides 1467:1488 the genus Nocardioides 1467:1488 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain WYH11-7T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp. 28005518 6 57 theme dubius 759:764 arg1 19084T 770:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 57 theme dubius 759:764 arg1 strains 721:727 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 4 58 theme genus 418:422 arg1 Nocardioides 424:435 the genus Nocardioides 414:435 the genus Nocardioides 414:435 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that WYH11-7T represents a member of the genus Nocardioides. 28005518 2 59 theme Yunnan 207:212 arg1 Province 214:221 Yunnan Province 207:221 Yunnan Province 207:221 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 2 59 theme Yunnan 207:212 arg1 China 227:231 PR China 224:231 PR China 224:231 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 4 60 theme gene 352:355 arg1 sequences 357:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that WYH11-7T represents a member of the genus Nocardioides. 28005518 5 61 contain had 571:573 arg2 similarities 607:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 575:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively 575:657 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 5 61 contain had 571:573 arg1 WYH11-7T 438:445 WYH11-7T 438:445 WYH11-7T 438:445 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 6 62 theme DNA-DNA 660:666 arg1 values 680:685 DNA-DNA relatedness values 660:685 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 660:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 9 63 dep along 1235:1239 arg1 with 1241:1244 with 1241:1244 with 1241:1244 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 10 64 theme 71.2 mol 1346:1353 arg1 content 1334:1340 The DNA G+C content 1322:1340 The DNA G+C content 1322:1340 The DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28005518 10 64 theme 71.2 mol 1346:1353 arg1 % 1354:1354 71.2 mol% 1346:1354 71.2 mol% 1346:1354 The DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28005518 9 65 theme diagnostic 1276:1285 arg1 acid 1295:1298 the diagnostic diamino acid 1272:1298 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 1272:1319 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 65 theme diagnostic 1276:1285 arg1 ribose 1205:1210 ribose 1205:1210 ribose 1205:1210 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 65 theme diagnostic 1276:1285 arg1 glucose 1213:1219 glucose 1213:1219 glucose 1213:1219 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 65 theme diagnostic 1276:1285 arg1 acid 1264:1267 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1246:1267 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1246:1267 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 65 theme diagnostic 1276:1285 arg1 mannose 1196:1202 mannose 1196:1202 mannose 1196:1202 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 9 65 theme diagnostic 1276:1285 arg1 galactose 1225:1233 galactose 1225:1233 galactose 1225:1233 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 28005518 4 66 theme rRNA 347:350 arg1 sequences 357:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 16S rRNA gene sequences 343:365 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that WYH11-7T represents a member of the genus Nocardioides. 28005518 6 67 theme jensenii 732:739 arg1 20641T 745:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 67 theme jensenii 732:739 arg1 strains 721:727 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 5 68 theme pairwise 575:582 arg1 similarities 607:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 575:618 pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively 575:657 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 2 69 theme phosphate 189:197 arg1 mine 199:202 a phosphate mine 187:202 a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China 187:231 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 0 70 dep sp 23:24 arg1 Nocardioides 0:11 Nocardioides 0:11 Nocardioides 0:11 Nocardioides phosphati sp. 28005518 4 71 theme Phylogenetic 312:323 arg1 analyses 325:332 Phylogenetic analyses 312:332 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 312:365 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that WYH11-7T represents a member of the genus Nocardioides. 28005518 6 72 theme related 708:714 arg1 19084T 770:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 72 theme related 708:714 arg1 20641T 745:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 72 theme related 708:714 arg1 strains 721:727 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 4 73 theme Nocardioides 424:435 arg1 member 404:409 a member 402:409 a member of the genus Nocardioides 402:435 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that WYH11-7T represents a member of the genus Nocardioides. 28005518 5 74 theme Marmoricolaterrae 537:553 arg1 27141T 559:564 Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T 537:564 Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T 537:564 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 7 75 theme major 897:901 arg1 C18  920:923 C18  920:923 C18  920:923 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 7 75 theme major 897:901 arg1 acids 909:913 the major fatty acids 893:913 the major fatty acids 893:913 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 6 76 dep strains 721:727 arg1 19084T 770:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 N. dubius DSM 19084T 756:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 76 dep strains 721:727 arg1 20641T 745:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 N. jensenii DSM 20641T 729:750 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 6 76 dep strains 721:727 arg1 strains 721:727 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T 695:775 DNA-DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. 28005518 2 77 theme non-motile 129:138 arg1 strain 140:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 81:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain 81:145 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. 28005518 5 78 theme DSM 555:557 arg1 27141T 559:564 Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T 537:564 Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T 537:564 WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. 28005518 7 79 dep C16  1002:1005 arg1  1ω7c 1025:1029  1ω7c 1025:1029  1ω7c 1025:1029 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 7 79 dep C16  1002:1005 arg1 C16  1020:1023 C16  1020:1023 C16  1020:1023 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 7 79 dep C16  1002:1005 arg1  1ω6c 1007:1011  1ω6c 1007:1011  1ω6c 1007:1011 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 11 80 theme novel 1450:1454 arg1 species 1456:1462 a novel species 1448:1462 a novel species 1448:1462 Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain WYH11-7T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp. 28005518 7 81 theme fatty 903:907 arg1 C18  920:923 C18  920:923 C18  920:923 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 28005518 7 81 theme fatty 903:907 arg1 acids 909:913 the major fatty acids 893:913 the major fatty acids 893:913 The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). 27902183 11 0 theme cell-wall 1150:1158 arg1 l-Lys-d-Asp 1183:1193 l-Lys-d-Asp 1183:1193 l-Lys-d-Asp 1183:1193 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was l-Lys-d-Asp. 27902183 11 0 theme cell-wall 1150:1158 arg1 type 1174:1177 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1146:1177 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1146:1177 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was l-Lys-d-Asp. 27902183 13 1 theme genus 1426:1430 arg1 Lactobacillus 1432:1444 the genus Lactobacillus 1422:1444 the genus Lactobacillus 1422:1444 On the basis of the data provided, strain Ru20-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 13 2 dep data 1362:1365 arg1 basis 1349:1353 basis 1349:1353 basis 1349:1353 On the basis of the data provided, strain Ru20-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 13 2 dep data 1362:1365 arg1 the 1345:1347 the 1345:1347 the 1345:1347 On the basis of the data provided, strain Ru20-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 8 3 theme pheS 785:788 arg1 sequence 795:802 the pheS gene sequence 781:802 the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T 781:820 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 3 theme pheS 785:788 arg1 related 834:840 related 834:840 related 834:840 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 10 4 theme G+C 1100:1102 arg1 content 1104:1110 The DNA G+C content 1092:1110 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T 1092:1128 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T was 47.8 mol %. 27902183 10 4 theme G+C 1100:1102 arg1 % 1143:1143 47.8 mol % 1134:1143 47.8 mol % 1134:1143 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T was 47.8 mol %. 27902183 3 5 theme taxonomic 279:287 arg1 position 289:296 the taxonomic position 275:296 the taxonomic position of this strain 275:311 A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of this strain. 27902183 7 6 theme lindneri 627:634 arg1 14528T 640:645 Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T 613:645 Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %) 613:654 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 7 6 theme lindneri 627:634 arg1 % 653:653 96.8 % 648:653 96.8 % 648:653 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 11 7 theme peptidoglycan 1160:1172 arg1 l-Lys-d-Asp 1183:1193 l-Lys-d-Asp 1183:1193 l-Lys-d-Asp 1183:1193 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was l-Lys-d-Asp. 27902183 11 7 theme peptidoglycan 1160:1172 arg1 type 1174:1177 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1146:1177 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1146:1177 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was l-Lys-d-Asp. 27902183 8 8 theme L. 895:896 arg1 14528T 911:916 L. lindneri LMG 14528T 895:916 L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) 895:925 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 8 theme L. 895:896 arg1 % 924:924 89.0 % 919:924 89.0 % 919:924 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 10 9 theme DNA 1096:1098 arg1 content 1104:1110 The DNA G+C content 1092:1110 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T 1092:1128 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T was 47.8 mol %. 27902183 10 9 theme DNA 1096:1098 arg1 % 1143:1143 47.8 mol % 1134:1143 47.8 mol % 1134:1143 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T was 47.8 mol %. 27902183 10 10 theme mol 1139:1141 arg1 content 1104:1110 The DNA G+C content 1092:1110 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T 1092:1128 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T was 47.8 mol %. 27902183 10 10 theme mol 1139:1141 arg1 % 1143:1143 47.8 mol % 1134:1143 47.8 mol % 1134:1143 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T was 47.8 mol %. 27902183 2 11 theme Gram-stain-positive 79:97 arg1 bacterium 112:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium 77:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium 77:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 2 11 theme Gram-stain-positive 79:97 arg1 Ru20-1T 130:136 strain Ru20-1T 123:136 strain Ru20-1T 123:136 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 8 12 theme florum 934:939 arg1 0771T 946:950 L. florum NRIC 0771T 931:950 L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %) 931:958 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 12 theme florum 934:939 arg1 % 957:957 85.0 % 952:957 85.0 % 952:957 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 4 13 theme characteristics 355:369 arg1 Studies 314:320 Studies 314:320 Studies of morphological and biochemical characteristics 314:369 Studies of morphological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain Ru20-1T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. 27902183 13 14 theme strain 1377:1382 arg1 Ru20-1T 1384:1390 strain Ru20-1T 1377:1390 strain Ru20-1T 1377:1390 On the basis of the data provided, strain Ru20-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 6 15 theme dl-lactic 518:526 arg1 acid 528:531 dl-lactic acid 518:531 dl-lactic acid 518:531 It produced dl-lactic acid. 27902183 15 16 theme 29008T=NBRC 1542:1552 arg1 Ru20-1T 1528:1534 Ru20-1T 1528:1534 Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T) 1528:1582 The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T). 27902183 15 16 theme 29008T=NBRC 1542:1552 arg1 2381T 1577:1581 =LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T 1537:1581 =LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T 1537:1581 The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T). 27902183 8 17 theme L. 931:932 arg1 0771T 946:950 L. florum NRIC 0771T 931:950 L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %) 931:958 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 17 theme L. 931:932 arg1 % 957:957 85.0 % 952:957 85.0 % 952:957 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 4 18 theme strain 385:390 arg1 Ru20-1T 392:398 strain Ru20-1T 385:398 strain Ru20-1T 385:398 Studies of morphological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain Ru20-1T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. 27902183 8 19 theme Ru20-1T 814:820 arg1 sequence 795:802 the pheS gene sequence 781:802 the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T 781:820 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 19 theme Ru20-1T 814:820 arg1 related 834:840 related 834:840 related 834:840 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 9 20 theme Phylogenetic 961:972 arg1 analysis 974:981 Phylogenetic analysis 961:981 Phylogenetic analysis 961:981 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain Ru20-1T was clearly separated from closely related species of the genus Lactobacillus. 27902183 7 21 theme Lactobacillus 613:625 arg1 14528T 640:645 Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T 613:645 Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %) 613:654 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 7 21 theme Lactobacillus 613:625 arg1 % 653:653 96.8 % 648:653 96.8 % 648:653 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 8 22 theme lindneri 898:905 arg1 14528T 911:916 L. lindneri LMG 14528T 895:916 L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) 895:925 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 22 theme lindneri 898:905 arg1 % 924:924 89.0 % 919:924 89.0 % 919:924 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 23 from addition 771:778 arg1 sequence 795:802 the pheS gene sequence 781:802 the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T 781:820 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 23 from addition 771:778 arg1 related 834:840 related 834:840 related 834:840 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 24 theme strain 807:812 arg1 Ru20-1T 814:820 strain Ru20-1T 807:820 strain Ru20-1T 807:820 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 3 25 theme strain 306:311 arg1 position 289:296 the taxonomic position 275:296 the taxonomic position of this strain 275:311 A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of this strain. 27902183 8 26 theme NRIC 941:944 arg1 0771T 946:950 L. florum NRIC 0771T 931:950 L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %) 931:958 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 26 theme NRIC 941:944 arg1 % 957:957 85.0 % 952:957 85.0 % 952:957 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 4 27 theme morphological 325:337 arg1 characteristics 355:369 morphological and biochemical characteristics 325:369 morphological and biochemical characteristics 325:369 Studies of morphological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain Ru20-1T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. 27902183 1 28 theme West-Indian 55:65 arg1 flower 47:52 a flower 45:52 a flower (West-Indian jasmine) 45:74 nov., isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine). 27902183 1 28 theme West-Indian 55:65 arg1 jasmine 67:73 West-Indian jasmine 55:73 West-Indian jasmine 55:73 nov., isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine). 27902183 0 29 theme ixorae 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Lactobacillus ixorae sp 0:22 Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 0:23 Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 12 30 theme summed 1268:1273 arg1 feature 1275:1281 summed feature 7 1268:1283 summed feature 7 1268:1283 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 13 31 theme Lactobacillus 1466:1478 arg1 sp 1487:1488 the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp 1457:1488 the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp 1457:1488 On the basis of the data provided, strain Ru20-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 7 32 theme sequence 557:564 arg1 similarity 566:575 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 543:575 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 543:575 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 2 33 theme strain 123:128 arg1 bacterium 112:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium 77:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium 77:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 2 33 theme strain 123:128 arg1 Ru20-1T 130:136 strain Ru20-1T 123:136 strain Ru20-1T 123:136 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 15 34 theme type 1513:1516 arg1 Ru20-1T 1528:1534 Ru20-1T 1528:1534 Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T) 1528:1582 The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T). 27902183 15 34 theme type 1513:1516 arg1 strain 1518:1523 The type strain 1509:1523 The type strain 1509:1523 The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T). 27902183 0 35 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Lactobacillus ixorae sp 0:22 Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 0:23 Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 4 36 theme biochemical 343:353 arg1 characteristics 355:369 morphological and biochemical characteristics 325:369 morphological and biochemical characteristics 325:369 Studies of morphological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain Ru20-1T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. 27902183 15 37 theme 111239T=PCU 1554:1564 arg1 Ru20-1T 1528:1534 Ru20-1T 1528:1534 Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T) 1528:1582 The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T). 27902183 15 37 theme 111239T=PCU 1554:1564 arg1 2381T 1577:1581 =LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T 1537:1581 =LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T 1537:1581 The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T). 27902183 7 38 dep Lactobacillus 712:724 arg1 florum 726:731 florum 726:731 florum 726:731 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 3 39 theme polyphasic 233:242 arg1 approach 244:251 A polyphasic approach 231:251 A polyphasic approach 231:251 A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of this strain. 27902183 9 40 theme Lactobacillus 1077:1089 arg1 species 1056:1062 closely related species 1040:1062 closely related species of the genus Lactobacillus 1040:1089 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain Ru20-1T was clearly separated from closely related species of the genus Lactobacillus. 27902183 7 41 theme rRNA 547:550 arg1 similarity 566:575 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 543:575 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 543:575 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 15 42 theme 346T=TISTR 1566:1575 arg1 Ru20-1T 1528:1534 Ru20-1T 1528:1534 Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T) 1528:1582 The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T). 27902183 15 42 theme 346T=TISTR 1566:1575 arg1 2381T 1577:1581 =LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T 1537:1581 =LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T 1537:1581 The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T). 27902183 2 43 attach isolated 143:150 arg2 Ru20-1T 130:136 strain Ru20-1T 123:136 strain Ru20-1T 123:136 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 2 43 attach isolated 143:150 arg1 flower 159:164 a flower 157:164 a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand 157:228 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 2 43 attach isolated 143:150 arg1 jasmine 179:185 West-Indian jasmine 167:185 West-Indian jasmine 167:185 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 2 43 attach isolated 143:150 arg2 bacterium 112:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium 77:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium 77:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 7 44 theme NRIC 688:691 arg1 % 705:705 95.4 % 700:705 95.4 % 700:705 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 7 44 theme NRIC 688:691 arg1 1548T 693:697 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T 657:697 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) 657:706 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 7 45 theme gene 552:555 arg1 similarity 566:575 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 543:575 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 543:575 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 15 46 theme =LMG 1537:1540 arg1 Ru20-1T 1528:1534 Ru20-1T 1528:1534 Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T) 1528:1582 The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T). 27902183 15 46 theme =LMG 1537:1540 arg1 2381T 1577:1581 =LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T 1537:1581 =LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T 1537:1581 The type strain is Ru20-1T (=LMG 29008T=NBRC 111239T=PCU 346T=TISTR 2381T). 27902183 12 47 dep C18  1232:1235 arg1 C20  1244:1247 C20  1244:1247 C20  1244:1247 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 47 dep C18  1232:1235 arg1  1ω9c 1258:1262  1ω9c 1258:1262  1ω9c 1258:1262 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 47 dep C18  1232:1235 arg1 feature 1275:1281 summed feature 7 1268:1283 summed feature 7 1268:1283 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 47 dep C18  1232:1235 arg1 C20  1253:1256 C20  1253:1256 C20  1253:1256 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 3 48 used used 257:260 arg2 approach 244:251 A polyphasic approach 231:251 A polyphasic approach 231:251 A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of this strain. 27902183 12 49 dep  1ω9c 1258:1262 arg1 C19  1308:1311 C19  1308:1311 C19  1308:1311 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 49 dep  1ω9c 1258:1262 arg1 18.846 1294:1299 unknown 18.846 1286:1299 unknown 18.846 1286:1299 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 4 50 theme genus 416:420 arg1 Lactobacillus 422:434 the genus Lactobacillus 412:434 the genus Lactobacillus 412:434 Studies of morphological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain Ru20-1T belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. 27902183 9 51 theme strain 998:1003 arg1 Ru20-1T 1005:1011 strain Ru20-1T 998:1011 strain Ru20-1T 998:1011 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain Ru20-1T was clearly separated from closely related species of the genus Lactobacillus. 27902183 13 52 dep Lactobacillus 1466:1478 arg1 ixorae 1480:1485 ixorae 1480:1485 ixorae 1480:1485 On the basis of the data provided, strain Ru20-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 8 53 theme LMG 907:909 arg1 14528T 911:916 L. lindneri LMG 14528T 895:916 L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) 895:925 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 53 theme LMG 907:909 arg1 % 924:924 89.0 % 919:924 89.0 % 919:924 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 7 54 theme Lactobacillus 657:669 arg1 % 705:705 95.4 % 700:705 95.4 % 700:705 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 7 54 theme Lactobacillus 657:669 arg1 1548T 693:697 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T 657:697 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) 657:706 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 7 55 theme 16S 543:545 arg1 similarity 566:575 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 543:575 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 543:575 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 8 56 theme sanfranciscensis 857:872 arg1 1548T 879:883 L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T 854:883 L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %) 854:892 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 56 theme sanfranciscensis 857:872 arg1 % 891:891 92.0 % 886:891 92.0 % 886:891 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 2 57 dep Gram-stain-positive 79:97 arg1 lactic 100:105 lactic 100:105 lactic 100:105 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 9 58 theme genus 1071:1075 arg1 Lactobacillus 1077:1089 the genus Lactobacillus 1067:1089 the genus Lactobacillus 1067:1089 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain Ru20-1T was clearly separated from closely related species of the genus Lactobacillus. 27902183 8 59 theme L. 854:855 arg1 1548T 879:883 L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T 854:883 L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %) 854:892 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 59 theme L. 854:855 arg1 % 891:891 92.0 % 886:891 92.0 % 886:891 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 7 60 theme LMG 636:638 arg1 14528T 640:645 Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T 613:645 Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %) 613:654 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 7 60 theme LMG 636:638 arg1 % 653:653 96.8 % 648:653 96.8 % 648:653 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 13 61 theme Lactobacillus 1432:1444 arg1 species 1411:1417 a novel species 1403:1417 a novel species 1403:1417 On the basis of the data provided, strain Ru20-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 2 62 theme West-Indian 167:177 arg1 flower 159:164 a flower 157:164 a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand 157:228 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 2 62 theme West-Indian 167:177 arg1 jasmine 179:185 West-Indian jasmine 167:185 West-Indian jasmine 167:185 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 13 63 theme name 1461:1464 arg1 sp 1487:1488 the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp 1457:1488 the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp 1457:1488 On the basis of the data provided, strain Ru20-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 10 64 theme Ru20-1T 1122:1128 arg1 content 1104:1110 The DNA G+C content 1092:1110 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T 1092:1128 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T was 47.8 mol %. 27902183 10 64 theme Ru20-1T 1122:1128 arg1 % 1143:1143 47.8 mol % 1134:1143 47.8 mol % 1134:1143 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T was 47.8 mol %. 27902183 12 65 theme cellular 1206:1213 arg1 C18  1232:1235 C18  1232:1235 C18  1232:1235 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 65 theme cellular 1206:1213 arg1 acids 1221:1225 The major cellular fatty acids 1196:1225 The major cellular fatty acids 1196:1225 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 66 theme major 1200:1204 arg1 C18  1232:1235 C18  1232:1235 C18  1232:1235 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 66 theme major 1200:1204 arg1 acids 1221:1225 The major cellular fatty acids 1196:1225 The major cellular fatty acids 1196:1225 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 8 67 theme NRIC 874:877 arg1 1548T 879:883 L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T 854:883 L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %) 854:892 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 67 theme NRIC 874:877 arg1 % 891:891 92.0 % 886:891 92.0 % 886:891 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 12 68 theme unknown 1286:1292 arg1 18.846 1294:1299 unknown 18.846 1286:1299 unknown 18.846 1286:1299 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 10 69 theme strain 1115:1120 arg1 Ru20-1T 1122:1128 strain Ru20-1T 1115:1128 strain Ru20-1T 1115:1128 The DNA G+C content of strain Ru20-1T was 47.8 mol %. 27902183 7 70 dep Lactobacillus 657:669 arg1 sanfranciscensis 671:686 sanfranciscensis 671:686 sanfranciscensis 671:686 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 13 71 theme novel 1405:1409 arg1 species 1411:1417 a novel species 1403:1417 a novel species 1403:1417 On the basis of the data provided, strain Ru20-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ixorae sp. 27902183 7 72 theme NRIC 733:736 arg1 0771T 738:742 Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T 712:742 Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %) 712:751 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 7 72 theme NRIC 733:736 arg1 % 750:750 95.2 % 745:750 95.2 % 745:750 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 12 73 theme fatty 1215:1219 arg1 C18  1232:1235 C18  1232:1235 C18  1232:1235 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 73 theme fatty 1215:1219 arg1 acids 1221:1225 The major cellular fatty acids 1196:1225 The major cellular fatty acids 1196:1225 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 74 dep C19  1308:1311 arg1 C19  1326:1329 C19  1326:1329 C19  1326:1329 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 74 dep C19  1308:1311 arg1 cyclo 1334:1338  0 cyclo 1331:1338 C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo 1308:1338 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 12 74 dep C19  1308:1311 arg1  1ω6c 1313:1317  1ω6c 1313:1317  1ω6c 1313:1317 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 7 (unknown 18.846 and/or C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo). 27902183 2 75 theme acid 107:110 arg1 bacterium 112:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium 77:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium 77:120 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 2 75 theme acid 107:110 arg1 Ru20-1T 130:136 strain Ru20-1T 123:136 strain Ru20-1T 123:136 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid bacterium, strain Ru20-1T, was isolated from a flower (West-Indian jasmine) collected from Kalasin province, Thailand. 27902183 8 76 from related 834:840 arg1 addition 771:778 addition 771:778 addition 771:778 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 9 77 theme related 1048:1054 arg1 species 1056:1062 closely related species 1040:1062 closely related species of the genus Lactobacillus 1040:1089 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain Ru20-1T was clearly separated from closely related species of the genus Lactobacillus. 27902183 8 78 theme gene 790:793 arg1 sequence 795:802 the pheS gene sequence 781:802 the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T 781:820 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 8 78 theme gene 790:793 arg1 related 834:840 related 834:840 related 834:840 In addition, the pheS gene sequence of strain Ru20-1T was closely related to those of L. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %), L. lindneri LMG 14528T (89.0 %) and L. florum NRIC 0771T(85.0 %). 27902183 7 79 theme Lactobacillus 712:724 arg1 0771T 738:742 Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T 712:742 Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %) 712:751 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 27902183 7 79 theme Lactobacillus 712:724 arg1 % 750:750 95.2 % 745:750 95.2 % 745:750 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this strain was closely related to Lactobacillus lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %), Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (95.4 %) and Lactobacillus florum NRIC 0771T (95.2 %), respectively. 26556650 7 0 theme xylan 1404:1408 arg1 biosynthesis 1410:1421 xylan biosynthesis 1404:1421 xylan biosynthesis 1404:1421 Expression of fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 and TBL31 in protoplasts revealed their localization in the Golgi, where xylan biosynthesis occurs. 26556650 10 1 theme xylan 1917:1921 arg1 3-O-acetylation 1923:1937 xylan 3-O-acetylation 1917:1937 xylan 3-O-acetylation 1917:1937 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 11 2 theme wall-associated 1998:2012 arg1 genes 2021:2025 secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes 1988:2025 secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation 1988:2072 These findings indicate that TBL3 and TBL31 are secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 11 2 theme wall-associated 1998:2012 arg1 TBL31 1978:1982 TBL31 1978:1982 TBL31 1978:1982 These findings indicate that TBL3 and TBL31 are secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 11 2 theme wall-associated 1998:2012 arg1 TBL3 1969:1972 TBL3 1969:1972 TBL3 1969:1972 These findings indicate that TBL3 and TBL31 are secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 6 3 from fibers 1225:1230 arg1 xylem 1259:1263 the secondary xylem 1245:1263 the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls 1245:1282 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 6 3 from fibers 1225:1230 arg1 stems 1235:1239 stems 1235:1239 stems 1235:1239 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 9 4 theme structural 1639:1648 arg1 analysis 1650:1657 Further structural analysis 1631:1657 Further structural analysis 1631:1657 Further structural analysis demonstrated that the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant had a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan. 26556650 1 5 link β-1,4-linked 184:195 arg1 residues 205:212 β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues 184:212 β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3 184:324 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 1 6 theme walls 148:152 arg1 constituent 118:128 a major constituent 110:128 a major constituent of secondary cell walls 110:152 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 1 6 theme walls 148:152 arg1 Xylan 103:107 Xylan 103:107 Xylan 103:107 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 6 7 theme gene 1123:1126 arg1 analysis 1128:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis 1093:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis 1093:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 6 8 theme root 1268:1271 arg1 hypocotyls 1273:1282 root hypocotyls 1268:1282 root hypocotyls 1268:1282 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 3 9 theme xylan 528:532 arg1 loss 520:523 a partial loss 510:523 a partial loss of xylan 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation 510:561 However, the esk1 mutation only causes a partial loss of xylan 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation, suggesting that additional xylan acetyltransferase activities are involved. 26556650 5 10 theme NST1 1026:1029 arg1 mutations 992:1000 simultaneous mutations 979:1000 simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1 979:1029 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 11 theme TBL3 792:795 arg1 expression 773:782 The expression 769:782 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 769:805 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 10 12 from redundancy 1903:1912 arg1 3-O-acetylation 1923:1937 xylan 3-O-acetylation 1917:1937 xylan 3-O-acetylation 1917:1937 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 9 13 theme tbl31 1686:1690 arg1 mutant 1699:1704 the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant 1677:1704 the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant 1677:1704 Further structural analysis demonstrated that the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant had a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan. 26556650 6 14 theme xylem 1199:1203 arg1 fibers 1225:1230 the xylem and interfascicular fibers 1195:1230 fibers 1225:1230 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 10 15 theme tbl3 1777:1780 arg1 mutant 1800:1805 the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant 1773:1805 the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant 1773:1805 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 5 16 theme TBL31 801:805 arg1 expression 773:782 The expression 769:782 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 769:805 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 8 17 from reduction 1599:1607 arg1 acetylation 1618:1628 xylan acetylation 1612:1628 xylan acetylation 1612:1628 Although mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 alone did not cause any apparent alterations in cell wall composition, their simultaneous mutations were found to result in a reduction in xylan acetylation. 26556650 5 18 theme SND1 1005:1008 arg1 mutations 992:1000 simultaneous mutations 979:1000 simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1 979:1029 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 19 theme secondary 856:864 arg1 SND1 904:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 852:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) 852:955 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 19 theme secondary 856:864 arg1 protein1 947:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 7 20 from localization 1371:1382 arg1 Golgi 1391:1395 the Golgi 1387:1395 the Golgi 1387:1395 Expression of fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 and TBL31 in protoplasts revealed their localization in the Golgi, where xylan biosynthesis occurs. 26556650 3 21 theme xylan 591:595 arg1 activities 615:624 additional xylan acetyltransferase activities 580:624 additional xylan acetyltransferase activities 580:624 However, the esk1 mutation only causes a partial loss of xylan 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation, suggesting that additional xylan acetyltransferase activities are involved. 26556650 5 22 theme master 871:876 arg1 SND1 904:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 852:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) 852:955 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 22 theme master 871:876 arg1 protein1 947:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 8 23 theme TBL3 1459:1462 arg1 mutation 1440:1447 mutation 1440:1447 mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 1440:1471 Although mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 alone did not cause any apparent alterations in cell wall composition, their simultaneous mutations were found to result in a reduction in xylan acetylation. 26556650 7 24 theme protein-tagged 1311:1324 arg1 TBL3 1326:1329 fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 1299:1329 fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 1299:1329 Expression of fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 and TBL31 in protoplasts revealed their localization in the Golgi, where xylan biosynthesis occurs. 26556650 10 25 theme esk1 1788:1791 arg1 mutant 1800:1805 the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant 1773:1805 the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant 1773:1805 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 8 26 theme TBL31 1467:1471 arg1 mutation 1440:1447 mutation 1440:1447 mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 1440:1471 Although mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 alone did not cause any apparent alterations in cell wall composition, their simultaneous mutations were found to result in a reduction in xylan acetylation. 26556650 1 27 theme secondary 133:141 arg1 walls 148:152 secondary cell walls 133:152 secondary cell walls 133:152 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 9 28 theme xylan 1753:1757 arg1 3-O-acetylation 1734:1748 3-O-acetylation 1734:1748 3-O-acetylation of xylan 1734:1757 Further structural analysis demonstrated that the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant had a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan. 26556650 5 29 theme wall-associated 920:934 arg1 SND1 904:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 852:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) 852:955 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 29 theme wall-associated 920:934 arg1 protein1 947:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 30 theme secondary 1064:1072 arg1 biosynthesis 1079:1090 secondary wall biosynthesis 1064:1090 secondary wall biosynthesis 1064:1090 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 0 31 theme Arabidopsis 20:30 arg1 Proteins 46:53 Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins 16:53 Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins 16:53 TBL3 and TBL31, Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins, are Required for 3-O-Monoacetylation of Xylan. 26556650 0 31 theme Arabidopsis 20:30 arg1 TBL3 0:3 TBL3 0:3 TBL3 0:3 TBL3 and TBL31, Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins, are Required for 3-O-Monoacetylation of Xylan. 26556650 5 32 theme domain 940:945 arg1 SND1 904:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 852:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) 852:955 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 32 theme domain 940:945 arg1 protein1 947:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 7 33 theme fluorescent 1299:1309 arg1 TBL3 1326:1329 fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 1299:1329 fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 1299:1329 Expression of fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 and TBL31 in protoplasts revealed their localization in the Golgi, where xylan biosynthesis occurs. 26556650 8 34 theme apparent 1497:1504 arg1 alterations 1506:1516 any apparent alterations 1493:1516 any apparent alterations in cell wall composition 1493:1541 Although mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 alone did not cause any apparent alterations in cell wall composition, their simultaneous mutations were found to result in a reduction in xylan acetylation. 26556650 4 35 theme Arabidopsis 705:715 arg1 TBL3 731:734 TBL3 731:734 TBL3 731:734 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 4 35 theme Arabidopsis 705:715 arg1 genes 724:728 two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes 695:728 two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes 695:728 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 4 35 theme Arabidopsis 705:715 arg1 TBL31 740:744 TBL31 740:744 TBL31 740:744 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 5 36 theme regulator 894:902 arg1 SND1 904:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 852:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) 852:955 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 36 theme regulator 894:902 arg1 protein1 947:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 4 37 theme genes 724:728 arg1 roles 686:690 the essential roles 672:690 the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation 672:766 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 2 38 theme DUF231 381:386 arg1 protein 388:394 an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein 366:394 an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein 366:394 Previous studies have shown that ESK1, an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein, is an acetyltransferase catalyzing 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation of xylan. 26556650 2 38 theme DUF231 381:386 arg1 ESK1 360:363 ESK1 360:363 ESK1 360:363 Previous studies have shown that ESK1, an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein, is an acetyltransferase catalyzing 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation of xylan. 26556650 1 39 theme glucuronic 246:255 arg1 chains 289:294 glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains 246:294 glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains 246:294 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 8 40 theme wall 1526:1529 arg1 composition 1531:1541 cell wall composition 1521:1541 cell wall composition 1521:1541 Although mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 alone did not cause any apparent alterations in cell wall composition, their simultaneous mutations were found to result in a reduction in xylan acetylation. 26556650 10 41 theme more 1824:1827 arg1 decrease 1837:1844 a much more drastic decrease 1817:1844 a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan 1817:1872 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 1 42 theme acid 279:282 arg1 chains 289:294 glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains 246:294 glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains 246:294 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 5 43 theme simultaneous 979:990 arg1 mutations 992:1000 simultaneous mutations 979:1000 simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1 979:1029 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 0 44 theme DUF231 32:37 arg1 Proteins 46:53 Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins 16:53 Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins 16:53 TBL3 and TBL31, Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins, are Required for 3-O-Monoacetylation of Xylan. 26556650 0 44 theme DUF231 32:37 arg1 TBL3 0:3 TBL3 0:3 TBL3 0:3 TBL3 and TBL31, Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins, are Required for 3-O-Monoacetylation of Xylan. 26556650 6 45 theme β-Glucurondase 1093:1106 arg1 analysis 1128:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis 1093:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis 1093:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 8 46 theme simultaneous 1550:1561 arg1 mutations 1563:1571 their simultaneous mutations 1544:1571 their simultaneous mutations 1544:1571 Although mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 alone did not cause any apparent alterations in cell wall composition, their simultaneous mutations were found to result in a reduction in xylan acetylation. 26556650 8 47 theme xylan 1612:1616 arg1 acetylation 1618:1628 xylan acetylation 1612:1628 xylan acetylation 1612:1628 Although mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 alone did not cause any apparent alterations in cell wall composition, their simultaneous mutations were found to result in a reduction in xylan acetylation. 26556650 9 48 from reduction 1721:1729 arg1 3-O-acetylation 1734:1748 3-O-acetylation 1734:1748 3-O-acetylation of xylan 1734:1757 Further structural analysis demonstrated that the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant had a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan. 26556650 1 49 theme β-1,4-linked 184:195 arg1 residues 205:212 β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues 184:212 β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3 184:324 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 6 50 from xylem 1259:1263 arg1 hypocotyls 1273:1282 root hypocotyls 1268:1282 root hypocotyls 1268:1282 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 6 51 theme secondary 1249:1257 arg1 xylem 1259:1263 the secondary xylem 1245:1263 the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls 1245:1282 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 9 52 contain had 1706:1708 arg2 reduction 1721:1729 a specific reduction 1710:1729 a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan 1710:1757 Further structural analysis demonstrated that the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant had a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan. 26556650 9 52 contain had 1706:1708 arg1 mutant 1699:1704 the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant 1677:1704 the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant 1677:1704 Further structural analysis demonstrated that the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant had a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan. 26556650 1 53 theme residues 205:212 arg1 chain 175:179 a linear chain 166:179 a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3 166:324 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 10 54 theme xylan 1868:1872 arg1 3-O-acetylation 1849:1863 3-O-acetylation 1849:1863 3-O-acetylation of xylan 1849:1872 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 11 55 theme secondary 1988:1996 arg1 genes 2021:2025 secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes 1988:2025 secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation 1988:2072 These findings indicate that TBL3 and TBL31 are secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 11 55 theme secondary 1988:1996 arg1 TBL31 1978:1982 TBL31 1978:1982 TBL31 1978:1982 These findings indicate that TBL3 and TBL31 are secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 11 55 theme secondary 1988:1996 arg1 TBL3 1969:1972 TBL3 1969:1972 TBL3 1969:1972 These findings indicate that TBL3 and TBL31 are secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 10 56 from decrease 1837:1844 arg1 3-O-acetylation 1849:1863 3-O-acetylation 1849:1863 3-O-acetylation of xylan 1849:1872 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 9 57 theme Further 1631:1637 arg1 analysis 1650:1657 Further structural analysis 1631:1657 Further structural analysis 1631:1657 Further structural analysis demonstrated that the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant had a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan. 26556650 1 58 theme cell 143:146 arg1 walls 148:152 secondary cell walls 133:152 secondary cell walls 133:152 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 10 59 theme functional 1892:1901 arg1 redundancy 1903:1912 their functional redundancy 1886:1912 their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation 1886:1937 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 6 60 theme interfascicular 1209:1223 arg1 fibers 1225:1230 the xylem and interfascicular fibers 1195:1230 fibers 1225:1230 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 6 61 theme reporter 1114:1121 arg1 analysis 1128:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis 1093:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis 1093:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 3 62 theme partial 512:518 arg1 loss 520:523 a partial loss 510:523 a partial loss of xylan 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation 510:561 However, the esk1 mutation only causes a partial loss of xylan 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation, suggesting that additional xylan acetyltransferase activities are involved. 26556650 9 63 theme tbl3 1681:1684 arg1 mutant 1699:1704 the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant 1677:1704 the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant 1677:1704 Further structural analysis demonstrated that the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant had a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan. 26556650 3 64 dep xylan 528:532 arg1 3-O-monoacetylation 543:561 3-O-monoacetylation 543:561 3-O-monoacetylation 543:561 However, the esk1 mutation only causes a partial loss of xylan 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation, suggesting that additional xylan acetyltransferase activities are involved. 26556650 3 64 dep xylan 528:532 arg1 2-O- 534:537 2-O- 534:537 2-O- 534:537 However, the esk1 mutation only causes a partial loss of xylan 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation, suggesting that additional xylan acetyltransferase activities are involved. 26556650 10 65 theme tbl31 1782:1786 arg1 mutant 1800:1805 the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant 1773:1805 the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant 1773:1805 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 9 66 theme double 1692:1697 arg1 mutant 1699:1704 the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant 1677:1704 the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant 1677:1704 Further structural analysis demonstrated that the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant had a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan. 26556650 4 67 theme essential 676:684 arg1 roles 686:690 the essential roles 672:690 the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation 672:766 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 3 68 theme additional 580:589 arg1 activities 615:624 additional xylan acetyltransferase activities 580:624 additional xylan acetyltransferase activities 580:624 However, the esk1 mutation only causes a partial loss of xylan 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation, suggesting that additional xylan acetyltransferase activities are involved. 26556650 5 69 theme wall 866:869 arg1 SND1 904:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 852:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) 852:955 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 69 theme wall 866:869 arg1 protein1 947:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 11 70 theme DUF231 2014:2019 arg1 genes 2021:2025 secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes 1988:2025 secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation 1988:2072 These findings indicate that TBL3 and TBL31 are secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 11 70 theme DUF231 2014:2019 arg1 TBL31 1978:1982 TBL31 1978:1982 TBL31 1978:1982 These findings indicate that TBL3 and TBL31 are secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 11 70 theme DUF231 2014:2019 arg1 TBL3 1969:1972 TBL3 1969:1972 TBL3 1969:1972 These findings indicate that TBL3 and TBL31 are secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 9 71 theme specific 1712:1719 arg1 reduction 1721:1729 a specific reduction 1710:1729 a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan 1710:1757 Further structural analysis demonstrated that the tbl3 tbl31 double mutant had a specific reduction in 3-O-acetylation of xylan. 26556650 7 72 theme TBL31 1335:1339 arg1 Expression 1285:1294 Expression 1285:1294 Expression of fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 and TBL31 in protoplasts 1285:1354 Expression of fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 and TBL31 in protoplasts revealed their localization in the Golgi, where xylan biosynthesis occurs. 26556650 5 73 theme paralog 1018:1024 arg1 NST1 1026:1029 its paralog NST1 1014:1029 its paralog NST1 1014:1029 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 10 74 theme triple 1793:1798 arg1 mutant 1800:1805 the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant 1773:1805 the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant 1773:1805 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 1 75 theme major 112:116 arg1 constituent 118:128 a major constituent 110:128 a major constituent of secondary cell walls 110:152 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 1 75 theme major 112:116 arg1 Xylan 103:107 Xylan 103:107 Xylan 103:107 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 2 76 theme xylan 464:468 arg1 3-O-monoacetylation 441:459 3-O-monoacetylation 441:459 3-O-monoacetylation 441:459 Previous studies have shown that ESK1, an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein, is an acetyltransferase catalyzing 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation of xylan. 26556650 2 76 theme xylan 464:468 arg1 2-O- 432:435 2-O- 432:435 2-O- 432:435 Previous studies have shown that ESK1, an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein, is an acetyltransferase catalyzing 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation of xylan. 26556650 7 77 theme TBL3 1326:1329 arg1 Expression 1285:1294 Expression 1285:1294 Expression of fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 and TBL31 in protoplasts 1285:1354 Expression of fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 and TBL31 in protoplasts revealed their localization in the Golgi, where xylan biosynthesis occurs. 26556650 5 78 theme secondary 910:918 arg1 SND1 904:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 852:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) 852:955 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 78 theme secondary 910:918 arg1 protein1 947:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 6 79 theme GUS 1109:1111 arg1 analysis 1128:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis 1093:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis 1093:1135 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 0 80 theme Xylan 96:100 arg1 3-O-Monoacetylation 73:91 3-O-Monoacetylation 73:91 3-O-Monoacetylation of Xylan 73:100 TBL3 and TBL31, Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins, are Required for 3-O-Monoacetylation of Xylan. 26556650 5 81 theme NAC 936:938 arg1 SND1 904:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 852:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) 852:955 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 81 theme NAC 936:938 arg1 protein1 947:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 82 theme wall 1074:1077 arg1 biosynthesis 1079:1090 secondary wall biosynthesis 1064:1090 secondary wall biosynthesis 1064:1090 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 83 theme transcriptional 878:892 arg1 SND1 904:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 852:907 the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) 852:955 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 83 theme transcriptional 878:892 arg1 protein1 947:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1 910:954 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 8 84 theme cell 1521:1524 arg1 composition 1531:1541 cell wall composition 1521:1541 cell wall composition 1521:1541 Although mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 alone did not cause any apparent alterations in cell wall composition, their simultaneous mutations were found to result in a reduction in xylan acetylation. 26556650 4 85 theme other 699:703 arg1 TBL3 731:734 TBL3 731:734 TBL3 731:734 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 4 85 theme other 699:703 arg1 genes 724:728 two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes 695:728 two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes 695:728 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 4 85 theme other 699:703 arg1 TBL31 740:744 TBL31 740:744 TBL31 740:744 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 5 86 from involvement 1049:1059 arg1 biosynthesis 1079:1090 secondary wall biosynthesis 1064:1090 secondary wall biosynthesis 1064:1090 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 5 87 theme SND1 904:907 arg1 overexpression 834:847 overexpression 834:847 overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) 834:955 The expression of both TBL3 and TBL31 was shown to be induced by overexpression of the secondary wall master transcriptional regulator SND1 (secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein1) and down-regulated by simultaneous mutations of SND1 and its paralog NST1, indicating their involvement in secondary wall biosynthesis. 26556650 10 88 theme drastic 1829:1835 arg1 decrease 1837:1844 a much more drastic decrease 1817:1844 a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan 1817:1872 In addition, the tbl3 tbl31 esk1 triple mutant displayed a much more drastic decrease in 3-O-acetylation of xylan, indicating their functional redundancy in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 4 89 theme DUF231 717:722 arg1 TBL3 731:734 TBL3 731:734 TBL3 731:734 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 4 89 theme DUF231 717:722 arg1 genes 724:728 two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes 695:728 two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes 695:728 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 4 89 theme DUF231 717:722 arg1 TBL31 740:744 TBL31 740:744 TBL31 740:744 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 2 90 theme Arabidopsis 369:379 arg1 protein 388:394 an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein 366:394 an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein 366:394 Previous studies have shown that ESK1, an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein, is an acetyltransferase catalyzing 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation of xylan. 26556650 2 90 theme Arabidopsis 369:379 arg1 ESK1 360:363 ESK1 360:363 ESK1 360:363 Previous studies have shown that ESK1, an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein, is an acetyltransferase catalyzing 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation of xylan. 26556650 8 91 from alterations 1506:1516 arg1 composition 1531:1541 cell wall composition 1521:1541 cell wall composition 1521:1541 Although mutation of either TBL3 or TBL31 alone did not cause any apparent alterations in cell wall composition, their simultaneous mutations were found to result in a reduction in xylan acetylation. 26556650 1 92 theme acid/methylglucuronic 257:277 arg1 chains 289:294 glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains 246:294 glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains 246:294 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 3 93 theme acetyltransferase 597:613 arg1 activities 615:624 additional xylan acetyltransferase activities 580:624 additional xylan acetyltransferase activities 580:624 However, the esk1 mutation only causes a partial loss of xylan 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation, suggesting that additional xylan acetyltransferase activities are involved. 26556650 0 94 theme Domain 39:44 arg1 Proteins 46:53 Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins 16:53 Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins 16:53 TBL3 and TBL31, Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins, are Required for 3-O-Monoacetylation of Xylan. 26556650 0 94 theme Domain 39:44 arg1 TBL3 0:3 TBL3 0:3 TBL3 0:3 TBL3 and TBL31, Two Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain Proteins, are Required for 3-O-Monoacetylation of Xylan. 26556650 1 95 theme side 284:287 arg1 chains 289:294 glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains 246:294 glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains 246:294 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 11 96 theme xylan 2052:2056 arg1 3-O-acetylation 2058:2072 xylan 3-O-acetylation 2052:2072 xylan 3-O-acetylation 2052:2072 These findings indicate that TBL3 and TBL31 are secondary wall-associated DUF231 genes specifically involved in xylan 3-O-acetylation. 26556650 2 97 theme Previous 327:334 arg1 studies 336:342 Previous studies 327:342 Previous studies 327:342 Previous studies have shown that ESK1, an Arabidopsis DUF231 protein, is an acetyltransferase catalyzing 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation of xylan. 26556650 4 98 from roles 686:690 arg1 acetylation 756:766 xylan acetylation 750:766 xylan acetylation 750:766 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 6 99 from stems 1235:1239 arg1 hypocotyls 1273:1282 root hypocotyls 1268:1282 root hypocotyls 1268:1282 β-Glucurondase (GUS) reporter gene analysis showed that TBL3 and TBL31 were specifically expressed in the xylem and interfascicular fibers in stems and the secondary xylem in root hypocotyls. 26556650 1 100 theme linear 168:173 arg1 chain 175:179 a linear chain 166:179 a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3 166:324 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26556650 7 101 from Expression 1285:1294 arg1 protoplasts 1344:1354 protoplasts 1344:1354 protoplasts 1344:1354 Expression of fluorescent protein-tagged TBL3 and TBL31 in protoplasts revealed their localization in the Golgi, where xylan biosynthesis occurs. 26556650 4 102 theme xylan 750:754 arg1 acetylation 756:766 xylan acetylation 750:766 xylan acetylation 750:766 In this report, we demonstrated the essential roles of two other Arabidopsis DUF231 genes, TBL3 and TBL31, in xylan acetylation. 26556650 3 103 theme esk1 484:487 arg1 mutation 489:496 the esk1 mutation 480:496 the esk1 mutation 480:496 However, the esk1 mutation only causes a partial loss of xylan 2-O- and 3-O-monoacetylation, suggesting that additional xylan acetyltransferase activities are involved. 26556650 1 104 theme xylosyl 197:203 arg1 residues 205:212 β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues 184:212 β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3 184:324 Xylan, a major constituent of secondary cell walls, is made of a linear chain of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with glucuronic acid/methylglucuronic acid side chains and acetylated at O-2 and O-3. 26115993 7 0 theme diamino 864:870 arg1 acid 932:935 meso-diaminopimelic acid 912:935 meso-diaminopimelic acid 912:935 The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26115993 7 0 theme diamino 864:870 arg1 acid 872:875 the diagnostic diamino acid 849:875 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 849:906 The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26115993 8 1 theme B. 1051:1052 arg1 T 1071:1071 T 1071:1071 T 1071:1071 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 8 1 theme B. 1051:1052 arg1 species 1014:1020 two closely related species 994:1020 two closely related species 994:1020 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 8 1 theme B. 1051:1052 arg1 ZLC-26 1064:1069 B. korlensis ZLC-26 1051:1069 B. korlensis ZLC-26(T) 1051:1072 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 2 2 attach isolated 180:187 arg2 bacterium 136:144 A xylan-degrading bacterium 118:144 A xylan-degrading bacterium 118:144 A xylan-degrading bacterium, designated as MS5(T) strain, was isolated from soil collected from the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 2 2 attach isolated 180:187 arg1 soil 194:197 soil 194:197 soil collected from the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea 194:247 A xylan-degrading bacterium, designated as MS5(T) strain, was isolated from soil collected from the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 5 3 theme Bacillus 612:619 arg1 T 639:639 T 639:639 T 639:639 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 3 theme Bacillus 612:619 arg1 strains 604:610 the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 595:689 the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 595:689 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 3 theme Bacillus 612:619 arg1 BR035 633:637 Bacillus beringensis BR035 612:637 Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) 612:648 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 3 theme Bacillus 612:619 arg1 % 647:647 98.7% 643:647 98.7% 643:647 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 4 dep strains 604:610 arg1 T 639:639 T 639:639 T 639:639 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 4 dep strains 604:610 arg1 strains 604:610 the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 595:689 the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 595:689 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 4 dep strains 604:610 arg1 % 688:688 98.6% 684:688 98.6% 684:688 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 4 dep strains 604:610 arg1 ZLC-26 673:678 Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26 654:678 Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 654:689 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 4 dep strains 604:610 arg1 % 647:647 98.7% 643:647 98.7% 643:647 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 4 dep strains 604:610 arg1 T 680:680 T 680:680 T 680:680 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 4 dep strains 604:610 arg1 BR035 633:637 Bacillus beringensis BR035 612:637 Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) 612:648 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 5 theme similarity 448:457 arg1 search 459:464 A similarity search 446:464 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 446:500 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 9 6 theme strain 1232:1237 arg1 T 1243:1243 T 1243:1243 T 1243:1243 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 9 6 theme strain 1232:1237 arg1 MS5 1239:1241 the strain MS5 1228:1241 the strain MS5(T) 1228:1244 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 9 7 theme relatedness 1103:1113 arg1 analysis 1115:1122 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis 1095:1122 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis 1095:1122 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 5 8 theme phylogenetic 743:754 arg1 tree 756:759 a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree 724:759 a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree 724:759 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 9 theme neighbor-joining 726:741 arg1 tree 756:759 a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree 724:759 a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree 724:759 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 6 10 theme G+C 770:772 arg1 content 774:780 The DNA G+C content 762:780 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) 762:797 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. 26115993 6 10 theme G+C 770:772 arg1 % 811:811 43.0 mol% 803:811 43.0 mol% 803:811 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. 26115993 5 11 theme highest 571:577 arg1 similarity 579:588 the highest similarity 567:588 the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree 567:759 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 9 12 theme Bacillus 1266:1273 arg1 species 1275:1281 a novel Bacillus species 1258:1281 a novel Bacillus species 1258:1281 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 7 13 theme diagnostic 853:862 arg1 acid 932:935 meso-diaminopimelic acid 912:935 meso-diaminopimelic acid 912:935 The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26115993 7 13 theme diagnostic 853:862 arg1 acid 872:875 the diagnostic diamino acid 849:875 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 849:906 The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26115993 5 14 theme coherent 704:711 arg1 cluster 713:719 a coherent cluster 702:719 a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree 702:759 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 2 15 theme xylan-degrading 120:134 arg1 bacterium 136:144 A xylan-degrading bacterium 118:144 A xylan-degrading bacterium 118:144 A xylan-degrading bacterium, designated as MS5(T) strain, was isolated from soil collected from the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 2 16 theme Island 223:228 arg1 Republic 231:238 the Jeju Island, Republic 214:238 Republic 231:238 A xylan-degrading bacterium, designated as MS5(T) strain, was isolated from soil collected from the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 8 17 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 % 1092:1092 less than 70% 1080:1092 less than 70% 1080:1092 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 8 17 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 values 961:966 The DNADNA relatedness values 938:966 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), 938:1073 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 9 18 theme 16S 1128:1130 arg1 similarity 1146:1155 16S rRNA sequence similarity 1128:1155 16S rRNA sequence similarity 1128:1155 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 6 19 theme DNA 766:768 arg1 content 774:780 The DNA G+C content 762:780 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) 762:797 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. 26115993 6 19 theme DNA 766:768 arg1 % 811:811 43.0 mol% 803:811 43.0 mol% 803:811 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. 26115993 11 20 theme T 1382:1382 arg1 T 1396:1396 T 1396:1396 T 1396:1396 The type strain is MS5(T) (=DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T)). 26115993 11 20 theme T 1382:1382 arg1 =KCTC13895 1385:1394 =DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895 1372:1394 =DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T) 1372:1397 The type strain is MS5(T) (=DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T)). 26115993 5 21 theme 16S 479:481 arg1 rRNA 483:486 the 16S rRNA 475:486 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 475:500 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 7 22 theme major 818:822 arg1 MK-7 840:843 MK-7 840:843 MK-7 840:843 The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26115993 7 22 theme major 818:822 arg1 menaquinone 824:834 The major menaquinone 814:834 The major menaquinone 814:834 The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26115993 2 23 theme Jeju 218:221 arg1 Republic 231:238 the Jeju Island, Republic 214:238 Republic 231:238 A xylan-degrading bacterium, designated as MS5(T) strain, was isolated from soil collected from the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 9 24 theme rRNA 1132:1135 arg1 similarity 1146:1155 16S rRNA sequence similarity 1128:1155 16S rRNA sequence similarity 1128:1155 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 0 25 theme coreaensis 9:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillus coreaensis sp 0:21 Bacillus coreaensis sp. 0:22 Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 5 26 theme rRNA 483:486 arg1 sequence 493:500 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 475:500 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 475:500 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 11 27 theme type 1349:1352 arg1 MS5 1364:1366 MS5 1364:1366 MS5(T) (=DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T)) 1364:1398 The type strain is MS5(T) (=DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T)). 26115993 11 27 theme type 1349:1352 arg1 strain 1354:1359 The type strain 1345:1359 The type strain 1345:1359 The type strain is MS5(T) (=DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T)). 26115993 9 28 theme sequence 1137:1144 arg1 similarity 1146:1155 16S rRNA sequence similarity 1128:1155 16S rRNA sequence similarity 1128:1155 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 0 29 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillus coreaensis sp 0:21 Bacillus coreaensis sp. 0:22 Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 1 30 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 bacterium 50:58 a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium 30:58 a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island 30:96 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 1 30 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 Republic 99:106 Republic 99:106 Republic of Korea 99:115 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 1 30 attach isolated 60:67 arg1 soil 78:81 the soil 74:81 the soil of Jeju Island 74:96 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 5 31 theme gene 488:491 arg1 sequence 493:500 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 475:500 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 475:500 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 32 theme class 542:546 arg1 Bacilli 548:554 the class Bacilli 538:554 the class Bacilli 538:554 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 2 33 theme Korea 243:247 arg1 Republic 231:238 the Jeju Island, Republic 214:238 Republic 231:238 A xylan-degrading bacterium, designated as MS5(T) strain, was isolated from soil collected from the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 8 34 dep B. 1051:1052 arg1 korlensis 1054:1062 korlensis 1054:1062 korlensis 1054:1062 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 6 35 theme mol 808:810 arg1 content 774:780 The DNA G+C content 762:780 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) 762:797 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. 26115993 6 35 theme mol 808:810 arg1 % 811:811 43.0 mol% 803:811 43.0 mol% 803:811 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. 26115993 7 36 theme meso-diaminopimelic 912:930 arg1 acid 932:935 meso-diaminopimelic acid 912:935 meso-diaminopimelic acid 912:935 The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26115993 7 36 theme meso-diaminopimelic 912:930 arg1 acid 872:875 the diagnostic diamino acid 849:875 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 849:906 The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26115993 5 37 dep Bacillus 612:619 arg1 beringensis 621:631 beringensis 621:631 beringensis 621:631 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 2 38 theme MS5 161:163 arg1 strain 168:173 MS5(T) strain 161:173 MS5(T) strain 161:173 A xylan-degrading bacterium, designated as MS5(T) strain, was isolated from soil collected from the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 1 39 theme Island 91:96 arg1 soil 78:81 the soil 74:81 the soil of Jeju Island 74:96 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 7 40 theme cell-wall 884:892 arg1 peptidoglycan 894:906 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 880:906 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 880:906 The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26115993 8 41 theme B. 1023:1024 arg1 BR035 1038:1042 B. beringensis BR035 1023:1042 B. beringensis BR035(T) 1023:1045 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 8 41 theme B. 1023:1024 arg1 species 1014:1020 two closely related species 994:1020 two closely related species 994:1020 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 8 41 theme B. 1023:1024 arg1 T 1044:1044 T 1044:1044 T 1044:1044 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 5 42 theme Bacillus 654:661 arg1 % 688:688 98.6% 684:688 98.6% 684:688 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 42 theme Bacillus 654:661 arg1 strains 604:610 the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 595:689 the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 595:689 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 42 theme Bacillus 654:661 arg1 T 680:680 T 680:680 T 680:680 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 42 theme Bacillus 654:661 arg1 ZLC-26 673:678 Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26 654:678 Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 654:689 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 43 with similarity 579:588 arg1 strains 604:610 the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 595:689 the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 595:689 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 43 with similarity 579:588 arg1 BR035 633:637 Bacillus beringensis BR035 612:637 Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) 612:648 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 43 with similarity 579:588 arg1 ZLC-26 673:678 Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26 654:678 Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 654:689 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 1 44 dep nov. 24:27 arg1 bacterium 50:58 a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium 30:58 a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island 30:96 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 1 44 dep nov. 24:27 arg1 Republic 99:106 Republic 99:106 Republic of Korea 99:115 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 11 45 dep MS5 1364:1366 arg1 T 1396:1396 T 1396:1396 T 1396:1396 The type strain is MS5(T) (=DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T)). 26115993 11 45 dep MS5 1364:1366 arg1 =KCTC13895 1385:1394 =DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895 1372:1394 =DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T) 1372:1397 The type strain is MS5(T) (=DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T)). 26115993 9 46 theme DNA-DNA 1095:1101 arg1 analysis 1115:1122 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis 1095:1122 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis 1095:1122 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 9 47 theme novel 1260:1264 arg1 species 1275:1281 a novel Bacillus species 1258:1281 a novel Bacillus species 1258:1281 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 3 48 theme polar 312:316 arg1 flagellum 318:326 polar flagellum 312:326 polar flagellum 312:326 Strain MS5(T) was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, and motile by polar flagellum. 26115993 9 49 theme phenotypic 1169:1178 arg1 characteristics 1199:1213 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1169:1213 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1169:1213 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 3 50 theme Strain 250:255 arg1 T 261:261 T 261:261 T 261:261 Strain MS5(T) was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, and motile by polar flagellum. 26115993 3 50 theme Strain 250:255 arg1 MS5 257:259 Strain MS5 250:259 Strain MS5(T) 250:262 Strain MS5(T) was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, and motile by polar flagellum. 26115993 4 51 theme fatty 339:343 arg1 acids 345:349 The major fatty acids 329:349 The major fatty acids identified in this bacterium 329:378 The major fatty acids identified in this bacterium were iso-C15:0 (32.3%), C16:0 (27.3%), and anteiso-C15:0 (10.2%). 26115993 4 51 theme fatty 339:343 arg1 iso-C15:0 385:393 iso-C15:0 385:393 iso-C15:0 (32.3%) 385:401 The major fatty acids identified in this bacterium were iso-C15:0 (32.3%), C16:0 (27.3%), and anteiso-C15:0 (10.2%). 26115993 11 52 theme =DSM25506 1372:1380 arg1 T 1396:1396 T 1396:1396 T 1396:1396 The type strain is MS5(T) (=DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T)). 26115993 11 52 theme =DSM25506 1372:1380 arg1 =KCTC13895 1385:1394 =DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895 1372:1394 =DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T) 1372:1397 The type strain is MS5(T) (=DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T)). 26115993 8 53 theme strain 976:981 arg1 T 987:987 T 987:987 T 987:987 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 8 53 theme strain 976:981 arg1 MS5 983:985 strain MS5 976:985 strain MS5(T) 976:988 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 7 54 from acid 872:875 arg1 peptidoglycan 894:906 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 880:906 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 880:906 The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26115993 4 55 theme major 333:337 arg1 acids 345:349 The major fatty acids 329:349 The major fatty acids identified in this bacterium 329:378 The major fatty acids identified in this bacterium were iso-C15:0 (32.3%), C16:0 (27.3%), and anteiso-C15:0 (10.2%). 26115993 4 55 theme major 333:337 arg1 iso-C15:0 385:393 iso-C15:0 385:393 iso-C15:0 (32.3%) 385:401 The major fatty acids identified in this bacterium were iso-C15:0 (32.3%), C16:0 (27.3%), and anteiso-C15:0 (10.2%). 26115993 5 56 dep Bacillus 654:661 arg1 korlensis 663:671 korlensis 663:671 korlensis 663:671 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 9 57 theme coreaensis 1312:1321 arg1 sp 1323:1324 Bacillus coreaensis sp 1303:1324 the name Bacillus coreaensis sp 1294:1324 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 9 58 theme chemotaxonomic 1184:1197 arg1 characteristics 1199:1213 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1169:1213 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1169:1213 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 1 59 theme Jeju 86:89 arg1 Island 91:96 Jeju Island 86:96 Jeju Island 86:96 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 2 60 theme T 165:165 arg1 strain 168:173 MS5(T) strain 161:173 MS5(T) strain 161:173 A xylan-degrading bacterium, designated as MS5(T) strain, was isolated from soil collected from the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 1 61 theme Korea 111:115 arg1 bacterium 50:58 a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium 30:58 a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island 30:96 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 1 61 theme Korea 111:115 arg1 Republic 99:106 Republic 99:106 Republic of Korea 99:115 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 5 62 from cluster 713:719 arg1 tree 756:759 a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree 724:759 a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree 724:759 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 9 63 dep name 1298:1301 arg1 sp 1323:1324 Bacillus coreaensis sp 1303:1324 the name Bacillus coreaensis sp 1294:1324 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 9 64 theme Bacillus 1303:1310 arg1 sp 1323:1324 Bacillus coreaensis sp 1303:1324 the name Bacillus coreaensis sp 1294:1324 DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. 26115993 8 65 theme related 1006:1012 arg1 BR035 1038:1042 B. beringensis BR035 1023:1042 B. beringensis BR035(T) 1023:1045 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 8 65 theme related 1006:1012 arg1 species 1014:1020 two closely related species 994:1020 two closely related species 994:1020 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 8 65 theme related 1006:1012 arg1 ZLC-26 1064:1069 B. korlensis ZLC-26 1051:1069 B. korlensis ZLC-26(T) 1051:1072 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 8 66 dep B. 1023:1024 arg1 beringensis 1026:1036 beringensis 1026:1036 beringensis 1026:1036 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 6 67 theme MS5 792:794 arg1 content 774:780 The DNA G+C content 762:780 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) 762:797 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. 26115993 6 67 theme MS5 792:794 arg1 % 811:811 43.0 mol% 803:811 43.0 mol% 803:811 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. 26115993 5 68 theme type 599:602 arg1 strains 604:610 the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 595:689 the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 595:689 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 68 theme type 599:602 arg1 BR035 633:637 Bacillus beringensis BR035 612:637 Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) 612:648 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 5 68 theme type 599:602 arg1 ZLC-26 673:678 Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26 654:678 Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) 654:689 A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. 26115993 1 69 theme xylan-hydrolyzing 32:48 arg1 bacterium 50:58 a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium 30:58 a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island 30:96 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 1 69 theme xylan-hydrolyzing 32:48 arg1 Republic 99:106 Republic 99:106 Republic of Korea 99:115 nov.: a xylan-hydrolyzing bacterium isolated from the soil of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. 26115993 8 70 theme DNADNA 942:947 arg1 % 1092:1092 less than 70% 1080:1092 less than 70% 1080:1092 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 8 70 theme DNADNA 942:947 arg1 values 961:966 The DNADNA relatedness values 938:966 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), 938:1073 The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. 26115993 6 71 theme strain 785:790 arg1 MS5 792:794 strain MS5 785:794 strain MS5(T) 785:797 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. 26115993 6 71 theme strain 785:790 arg1 T 796:796 T 796:796 T 796:796 The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. 25899502 8 0 theme minor 1027:1031 arg1 menaquinone 1033:1043 the minor menaquinone 1023:1043 the minor menaquinone 1023:1043 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8) while the minor menaquinone was MK-10(H2). 25899502 8 0 theme minor 1027:1031 arg1 MK-10 1049:1053 MK-10 1049:1053 MK-10 1049:1053 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8) while the minor menaquinone was MK-10(H2). 25899502 10 1 dep feature 1219:1225 arg1 C16  1230:1233 C16  1230:1233 C16  1230:1233 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 4 2 theme trypticase 508:517 arg1 media 433:437 all ISP media 425:437 all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) 425:466 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 2 theme trypticase 508:517 arg1 agar 523:526 trypticase soy agar 508:526 trypticase soy agar 508:526 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 3 3 theme Paenibacillus 326:338 arg1 larvae 340:345 Paenibacillus larvae 326:345 Paenibacillus larvae 326:345 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 2 4 attach isolated 113:120 arg2 T258T 103:107 Strain T258T 96:107 Strain T258T 96:107 Strain T258T was isolated from forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea. 25899502 2 4 attach isolated 113:120 arg1 soil 134:137 forest soil 127:137 forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea 127:167 Strain T258T was isolated from forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea. 25899502 10 5 dep C16  1230:1233 arg1  1ω7c 1235:1239  1ω7c 1235:1239  1ω7c 1235:1239 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 5 dep C16  1230:1233 arg1  1ω6c 1253:1257  1ω6c 1253:1257  1ω6c 1253:1257 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 5 dep C16  1230:1233 arg1 C16  1248:1251 C16  1248:1251 C16  1248:1251 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 11 6 with similarity 1326:1335 arg1 strains 1348:1354 other strains 1342:1354 other strains 1342:1354 DNA-DNA similarity with other strains ranged between 37.84 ± 1.15% and 50.25 ± 1.91 %. 25899502 6 7 contain contained 826:834 arg2 alanine 875:881 alanine 875:881 alanine 875:881 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 25899502 6 7 contain contained 826:834 arg1 peptidoglycan 812:824 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 798:824 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 798:824 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 25899502 6 7 contain contained 826:834 arg2 acid 869:872 glutamic acid 860:872 glutamic acid 860:872 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 25899502 6 7 contain contained 826:834 arg2 acid 854:857 ll-diaminopimelic acid 836:857 ll-diaminopimelic acid 836:857 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 25899502 6 7 contain contained 826:834 arg2 glycine 887:893 glycine 887:893 glycine 887:893 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 25899502 12 8 dep data 1427:1430 arg1 the 1408:1410 the 1408:1410 the 1408:1410 On the basis of these data, we suggest that strain T258T represents a novel species that belong to the genus Streptomyces, for which we propose a name Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 12 8 dep data 1427:1430 arg1 basis 1412:1416 basis 1412:1416 basis 1412:1416 On the basis of these data, we suggest that strain T258T represents a novel species that belong to the genus Streptomyces, for which we propose a name Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 4 9 theme mycelium 658:665 arg1 ivory 708:712 ivory 708:712 ivory 708:712 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 9 theme mycelium 658:665 arg1 colour 637:642 the colour 633:642 the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium 633:702 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 3 10 theme Candida 366:372 arg1 albicans 374:381 Candida albicans 366:381 Candida albicans 366:381 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 3 11 theme antifungal 209:218 arg1 activity 220:227 antimicrobial and antifungal activity 191:227 antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 191:403 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 4 12 theme aerial 651:656 arg1 mycelium 658:665 the aerial mycelium 647:665 the aerial mycelium was white 647:675 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 13 theme soy 519:521 arg1 media 433:437 all ISP media 425:437 all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) 425:466 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 13 theme soy 519:521 arg1 agar 523:526 trypticase soy agar 508:526 trypticase soy agar 508:526 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 2 14 theme Bongnae 142:148 arg1 Korea 163:167 Korea 163:167 Korea 163:167 Strain T258T was isolated from forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea. 25899502 2 14 theme Bongnae 142:148 arg1 Falls 150:154 Bongnae Falls 142:154 Bongnae Falls 142:154 Strain T258T was isolated from forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea. 25899502 12 15 theme strain 1449:1454 arg1 T258T 1456:1460 strain T258T 1449:1460 strain T258T 1449:1460 On the basis of these data, we suggest that strain T258T represents a novel species that belong to the genus Streptomyces, for which we propose a name Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 4 16 theme 28 °C. 574:579 arg1 spores 588:593 28 °C. Aerial spores 574:593 28 °C. Aerial spores 574:593 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 7 17 contain contained 920:928 arg2 glucose 930:936 glucose 930:936 glucose 930:936 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose and galactose. 25899502 7 17 contain contained 920:928 arg1 hydrolysates 907:918 Whole-cell hydrolysates 896:918 Whole-cell hydrolysates 896:918 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose and galactose. 25899502 7 17 contain contained 920:928 arg2 galactose 950:958 galactose 950:958 galactose 950:958 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose and galactose. 25899502 7 17 contain contained 920:928 arg2 ribose 939:944 ribose 939:944 ribose 939:944 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose and galactose. 25899502 9 18 theme polar 1064:1068 arg1 lipids 1070:1075 The polar lipids 1060:1075 The polar lipids 1060:1075 The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. 25899502 5 19 theme extract 764:770 arg1 Medium 787:792 ISP Medium 6 783:794 ISP Medium 6 783:794 Melanin production was negative on peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6). 25899502 5 19 theme extract 764:770 arg1 agar 777:780 peptone-yeast extract iron agar 750:780 peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6) 750:795 Melanin production was negative on peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6). 25899502 14 20 theme 9005-212T = NBRC 1637:1652 arg1 110905T 1654:1660  = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T 1615:1660  = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T 1615:1660 The type strain is T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T). 25899502 14 20 theme 9005-212T = NBRC 1637:1652 arg1 T258T 1608:1612 T258T 1608:1612 T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T) 1608:1661 The type strain is T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T). 25899502 3 21 theme antimicrobial 191:203 arg1 activity 220:227 antimicrobial and antifungal activity 191:227 antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 191:403 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 10 22 theme fatty 1171:1175 arg1 C16  1195:1198 C16  1195:1198 C16  1195:1198 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 22 theme fatty 1171:1175 arg1 acids 1177:1181 The major fatty acids 1161:1181 The major fatty acids (>10%) 1161:1188 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 22 theme fatty 1171:1175 arg1  0 1282:1283  0 1282:1283  0 1282:1283 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 22 theme fatty 1171:1175 arg1  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 22 theme fatty 1171:1175 arg1  0 1306:1307  0 1306:1307  0 1306:1307 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 22 theme fatty 1171:1175 arg1 % 1187:1187 >10% 1184:1187 >10% 1184:1187 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 5 23 theme iron 772:775 arg1 Medium 787:792 ISP Medium 6 783:794 ISP Medium 6 783:794 Melanin production was negative on peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6). 25899502 5 23 theme iron 772:775 arg1 agar 777:780 peptone-yeast extract iron agar 750:780 peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6) 750:795 Melanin production was negative on peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6). 25899502 0 24 theme Antifungal 0:9 arg1 activities 29:38 Antifungal and antibacterial activities 0:38 Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Streptomyces polymachus sp. 0:69 Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 4 25 theme potato 486:491 arg1 media 433:437 all ISP media 425:437 all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) 425:466 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 25 theme potato 486:491 arg1 agar 502:505 potato dextrose agar 486:505 potato dextrose agar 486:505 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 3 26 theme following 241:249 arg1 strains 251:257 the following strains 237:257 the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 237:403 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 12 27 theme novel 1475:1479 arg1 species 1481:1487 a novel species 1473:1487 a novel species that belong to the genus Streptomyces 1473:1525 On the basis of these data, we suggest that strain T258T represents a novel species that belong to the genus Streptomyces, for which we propose a name Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 4 28 theme Aerial 581:586 arg1 spores 588:593 28 °C. Aerial spores 574:593 28 °C. Aerial spores 574:593 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 0 29 theme antibacterial 15:27 arg1 activities 29:38 Antifungal and antibacterial activities 0:38 Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Streptomyces polymachus sp. 0:69 Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 6 30 theme glutamic 860:867 arg1 acid 869:872 glutamic acid 860:872 glutamic acid 860:872 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 25899502 10 31 dep C16  1195:1198 arg1 % 1290:1290 13.5% 1286:1290 13.5% 1286:1290 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 31 dep C16  1195:1198 arg1 % 1208:1208 29.8% 1204:1208 29.8% 1204:1208 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 31 dep C16  1195:1198 arg1 C16  1195:1198 C16  1195:1198 C16  1195:1198 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 31 dep C16  1195:1198 arg1 % 1314:1314 10.3% 1310:1314 10.3% 1310:1314 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 31 dep C16  1195:1198 arg1 acids 1177:1181 The major fatty acids 1161:1181 The major fatty acids (>10%) 1161:1188 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 31 dep C16  1195:1198 arg1  0 1282:1283  0 1282:1283  0 1282:1283 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 31 dep C16  1195:1198 arg1  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 31 dep C16  1195:1198 arg1  0 1306:1307  0 1306:1307  0 1306:1307 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 31 dep C16  1195:1198 arg1 % 1265:1265 15.1% 1261:1265 15.1% 1261:1265 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 31 dep C16  1195:1198 arg1 feature 1219:1225 summed feature 3 1212:1227 summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) 1212:1258 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 0 32 theme Streptomyces 43:54 arg1 sp 67:68 Streptomyces polymachus sp 43:68 Streptomyces polymachus sp 43:68 Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 4 33 theme dextrose 493:500 arg1 media 433:437 all ISP media 425:437 all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) 425:466 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 33 theme dextrose 493:500 arg1 agar 502:505 potato dextrose agar 486:505 potato dextrose agar 486:505 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 14 34 theme type 1593:1596 arg1 strain 1598:1603 The type strain 1589:1603 The type strain 1589:1603 The type strain is T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T). 25899502 14 34 theme type 1593:1596 arg1 T258T 1608:1612 T258T 1608:1612 T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T) 1608:1661 The type strain is T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T). 25899502 5 35 theme peptone-yeast 750:762 arg1 Medium 787:792 ISP Medium 6 783:794 ISP Medium 6 783:794 Melanin production was negative on peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6). 25899502 5 35 theme peptone-yeast 750:762 arg1 agar 777:780 peptone-yeast extract iron agar 750:780 peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6) 750:795 Melanin production was negative on peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6). 25899502 14 36 theme 18247T = KEMB 1623:1635 arg1 110905T 1654:1660  = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T 1615:1660  = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T 1615:1660 The type strain is T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T). 25899502 14 36 theme 18247T = KEMB 1623:1635 arg1 T258T 1608:1612 T258T 1608:1612 T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T) 1608:1661 The type strain is T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T). 25899502 4 37 theme nutrient 557:564 arg1 media 433:437 all ISP media 425:437 all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) 425:466 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 37 theme nutrient 557:564 arg1 agar 566:569 nutrient agar 557:569 nutrient agar 557:569 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 0 38 theme sp 67:68 arg1 activities 29:38 Antifungal and antibacterial activities 0:38 Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Streptomyces polymachus sp. 0:69 Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 2 39 theme Strain 96:101 arg1 T258T 103:107 Strain T258T 96:107 Strain T258T 96:107 Strain T258T was isolated from forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea. 25899502 12 40 theme name 1551:1554 arg1 sp 1580:1581 a name Streptomyces polymachus sp 1549:1581 a name Streptomyces polymachus sp 1549:1581 On the basis of these data, we suggest that strain T258T represents a novel species that belong to the genus Streptomyces, for which we propose a name Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 11 41 theme other 1342:1346 arg1 strains 1348:1354 other strains 1342:1354 other strains 1342:1354 DNA-DNA similarity with other strains ranged between 37.84 ± 1.15% and 50.25 ± 1.91 %. 25899502 0 42 theme polymachus 56:65 arg1 sp 67:68 Streptomyces polymachus sp 43:68 Streptomyces polymachus sp 43:68 Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 6 43 theme cell-wall 802:810 arg1 peptidoglycan 812:824 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 798:824 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 798:824 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 25899502 4 44 theme ISP 429:431 arg1 6 459:459 6 459:459 6 459:459 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 44 theme ISP 429:431 arg1 agar 548:551 Bennett's modified agar 529:551 Bennett's modified agar 529:551 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 44 theme ISP 429:431 arg1 agar 523:526 trypticase soy agar 508:526 trypticase soy agar 508:526 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 44 theme ISP 429:431 arg1 7 465:465 7 465:465 7 465:465 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 44 theme ISP 429:431 arg1 media 433:437 all ISP media 425:437 all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) 425:466 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 44 theme ISP 429:431 arg1 agar 566:569 nutrient agar 557:569 nutrient agar 557:569 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 44 theme ISP 429:431 arg1 agar 502:505 potato dextrose agar 486:505 potato dextrose agar 486:505 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 44 theme ISP 429:431 arg1 agar 480:483 Czapek-Dox agar 469:483 Czapek-Dox agar 469:483 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 7 45 theme Whole-cell 896:905 arg1 hydrolysates 907:918 Whole-cell hydrolysates 896:918 Whole-cell hydrolysates 896:918 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose and galactose. 25899502 4 46 theme ISP 619:621 arg1 Medium 623:628 ISP Medium 4 619:630 ISP Medium 4 619:630 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 47 theme Czapek-Dox 469:478 arg1 media 433:437 all ISP media 425:437 all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) 425:466 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 47 theme Czapek-Dox 469:478 arg1 agar 480:483 Czapek-Dox agar 469:483 Czapek-Dox agar 469:483 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 12 48 theme polymachus 1569:1578 arg1 sp 1580:1581 a name Streptomyces polymachus sp 1549:1581 a name Streptomyces polymachus sp 1549:1581 On the basis of these data, we suggest that strain T258T represents a novel species that belong to the genus Streptomyces, for which we propose a name Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 11 49 theme DNA-DNA 1318:1324 arg1 similarity 1326:1335 DNA-DNA similarity 1318:1335 DNA-DNA similarity with other strains 1318:1354 DNA-DNA similarity with other strains ranged between 37.84 ± 1.15% and 50.25 ± 1.91 %. 25899502 4 50 dep tested 439:444 arg1 media 433:437 all ISP media 425:437 all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) 425:466 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 50 dep tested 439:444 arg1 6 459:459 6 459:459 6 459:459 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 50 dep tested 439:444 arg1 7 465:465 7 465:465 7 465:465 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 12 51 theme Streptomyces 1556:1567 arg1 sp 1580:1581 a name Streptomyces polymachus sp 1549:1581 a name Streptomyces polymachus sp 1549:1581 On the basis of these data, we suggest that strain T258T represents a novel species that belong to the genus Streptomyces, for which we propose a name Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 5 52 theme Melanin 715:721 arg1 production 723:732 Melanin production 715:732 Melanin production 715:732 Melanin production was negative on peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6). 25899502 10 53 theme summed 1212:1217 arg1 feature 1219:1225 summed feature 3 1212:1227 summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) 1212:1258 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 53 theme summed 1212:1217 arg1  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 2 54 from Falls 150:154 arg1 soil 134:137 forest soil 127:137 forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea 127:167 Strain T258T was isolated from forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea. 25899502 12 55 theme genus 1508:1512 arg1 Streptomyces 1514:1525 the genus Streptomyces 1504:1525 the genus Streptomyces 1504:1525 On the basis of these data, we suggest that strain T258T represents a novel species that belong to the genus Streptomyces, for which we propose a name Streptomyces polymachus sp. 25899502 8 56 theme predominant 965:975 arg1 MK-9 995:998 MK-9 995:998 MK-9 995:998 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8) while the minor menaquinone was MK-10(H2). 25899502 8 56 theme predominant 965:975 arg1 menaquinones 977:988 The predominant menaquinones 961:988 The predominant menaquinones 961:988 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8) while the minor menaquinone was MK-10(H2). 25899502 4 57 theme mycelium 695:702 arg1 ivory 708:712 ivory 708:712 ivory 708:712 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 57 theme mycelium 695:702 arg1 colour 637:642 the colour 633:642 the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium 633:702 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 14 58 theme  = KACC 1615:1621 arg1 110905T 1654:1660  = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T 1615:1660  = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T 1615:1660 The type strain is T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T). 25899502 14 58 theme  = KACC 1615:1621 arg1 T258T 1608:1612 T258T 1608:1612 T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T) 1608:1661 The type strain is T258T ( = KACC 18247T = KEMB 9005-212T = NBRC 110905T). 25899502 4 59 theme modified 539:546 arg1 media 433:437 all ISP media 425:437 all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) 425:466 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 4 59 theme modified 539:546 arg1 agar 548:551 Bennett's modified agar 529:551 Bennett's modified agar 529:551 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 3 60 dep strains 251:257 arg1 niger 399:403 Aspergillus niger 387:403 Aspergillus niger 387:403 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 3 60 dep strains 251:257 arg1 aeruginosa 314:323 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 302:323 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 302:323 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 3 60 dep strains 251:257 arg1 coli 360:363 Escherichia coli 348:363 Escherichia coli 348:363 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 3 60 dep strains 251:257 arg1 subtilis 269:276 Bacillus subtilis 260:276 Bacillus subtilis 260:276 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 3 60 dep strains 251:257 arg1 larvae 340:345 Paenibacillus larvae 326:345 Paenibacillus larvae 326:345 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 3 60 dep strains 251:257 arg1 albicans 374:381 Candida albicans 366:381 Candida albicans 366:381 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 3 60 dep strains 251:257 arg1 aureus 294:299 Staphylococcus aureus 279:299 Staphylococcus aureus 279:299 The strain exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the following strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 25899502 2 61 theme forest 127:132 arg1 soil 134:137 forest soil 127:137 forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea 127:167 Strain T258T was isolated from forest soil at Bongnae Falls, South Korea. 25899502 4 62 theme substrate 685:693 arg1 mycelium 695:702 the substrate mycelium 681:702 the substrate mycelium 681:702 Growth occurred on all ISP media tested (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), Czapek-Dox agar, potato dextrose agar, trypticase soy agar, Bennett's modified agar and nutrient agar at 28 °C. Aerial spores were produced solely on ISP Medium 4; the colour of the aerial mycelium was white and the substrate mycelium was ivory. 25899502 5 63 theme ISP 783:785 arg1 Medium 787:792 ISP Medium 6 783:794 ISP Medium 6 783:794 Melanin production was negative on peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6). 25899502 5 63 theme ISP 783:785 arg1 agar 777:780 peptone-yeast extract iron agar 750:780 peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6) 750:795 Melanin production was negative on peptone-yeast extract iron agar (ISP Medium 6). 25899502 10 64 theme major 1165:1169 arg1 C16  1195:1198 C16  1195:1198 C16  1195:1198 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 64 theme major 1165:1169 arg1 acids 1177:1181 The major fatty acids 1161:1181 The major fatty acids (>10%) 1161:1188 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 64 theme major 1165:1169 arg1  0 1282:1283  0 1282:1283  0 1282:1283 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 64 theme major 1165:1169 arg1  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201  0 1200:1201 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 64 theme major 1165:1169 arg1  0 1306:1307  0 1306:1307  0 1306:1307 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 10 64 theme major 1165:1169 arg1 % 1187:1187 >10% 1184:1187 >10% 1184:1187 The major fatty acids (>10%) were C16 : 0 (29.8%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (15.1%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13.5%) and iso-C15 : 0 (10.3%). 25899502 6 65 theme ll-diaminopimelic 836:852 arg1 acid 854:857 ll-diaminopimelic acid 836:857 ll-diaminopimelic acid 836:857 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 25328538 12 0 theme Acetyl 2009:2014 arg1 TrAXE 2031:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE 1997:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE 1997:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 14 1 theme non-pretreated 2460:2473 arg1 substrate 2486:2494 non-pretreated sugar cane substrate 2460:2494 non-pretreated sugar cane substrate 2460:2494 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 6 2 dep RESULTS 934:940 arg1 compared 1062:1069 compared 1062:1069 was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC) 1058:1106 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 0 3 theme natural 152:158 arg1 fractions 188:196 natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 152:196 natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 152:196 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 9 4 theme higher 1587:1592 arg1 content 1601:1607 a higher lignin content 1585:1607 a higher lignin content 1585:1607 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 11 5 theme acids 1909:1913 arg1 release 1889:1895 the extensive release 1875:1895 the extensive release of phenolic acids 1875:1913 Despite the extensive release of phenolic acids, feruloyl esterases only moderately promoted enzyme access to cellulose or xylan. 25328538 13 6 attach linked 2370:2375 arg1 lignin 2380:2385 lignin 2380:2385 lignin 2380:2385 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 13 6 attach linked 2370:2375 arg2 groups 2352:2357 p-coumaroyl groups 2340:2357 p-coumaroyl groups 2340:2357 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 7 7 theme xylan 1116:1120 arg1 esterase 1122:1129 Acetyl xylan esterase 1109:1129 Acetyl xylan esterase 1109:1129 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 10 8 theme p-coumaroyl 1684:1694 arg1 content 1696:1702 p-coumaroyl content 1684:1702 p-coumaroyl content 1684:1702 In addition, a compositional analysis of the four fractions revealed that p-coumaroyl content correlated with lignin, while feruloyl content correlated with arabinose content, suggesting different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids. 25328538 9 9 theme acid 1417:1420 arg1 release 1422:1428 Ferulic acid release 1409:1428 Ferulic acid release 1409:1428 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 14 10 theme distinct 2431:2438 arg1 profiles 2448:2455 distinct product profiles 2431:2455 distinct product profiles 2431:2455 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 4 11 theme hydroxycinnamic 659:673 arg1 acids 675:679 hydroxycinnamic acids 659:679 hydroxycinnamic acids 659:679 Lignin is believed to be linked covalently to hemicellulose through hydroxycinnamic acids, forming a compact matrix around the polysaccharides. 25328538 0 12 theme sugar 177:181 arg1 fractions 188:196 natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 152:196 natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 152:196 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 8 13 theme esterases 1247:1255 arg1 capable 1281:1287 capable 1281:1287 capable 1281:1287 Of the three feruloyl esterases tested, only TsFaeC was capable of releasing p-coumaric acid, while AnFaeA and NcFaeD released ferulic acid from both the pith and interface fractions. 25328538 6 14 theme fractions 998:1006 arg1 hydrolyzability 946:960 The hydrolyzability 942:960 The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) 942:1056 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 12 15 theme overall 2073:2079 arg1 saccharification 2081:2096 the overall saccharification 2069:2096 the overall saccharification of sugar cane 2069:2110 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 14 16 contain had 2427:2429 arg1 esterases 2417:2425 The three different feruloyl esterases 2388:2425 The three different feruloyl esterases 2388:2425 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 14 16 contain had 2427:2429 arg2 profiles 2448:2455 distinct product profiles 2431:2455 distinct product profiles 2431:2455 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 6 17 theme pith-rind 978:986 arg1 fractions 998:1006 the pith and pith-rind interface fractions 965:1006 the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) 965:1056 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 1 18 theme accessible 362:371 arg1 interface 383:391 the moderately accessible pith-rind interface 347:391 the moderately accessible pith-rind interface 347:391 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 0 19 dep natural 152:158 arg1 non-pretreated 161:174 non-pretreated 161:174 non-pretreated 161:174 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 6 20 theme pith 969:972 arg1 fractions 998:1006 the pith and pith-rind interface fractions 965:1006 the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) 965:1056 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 0 21 theme cellulose 129:137 arg1 accessibility 112:124 accessibility 112:124 accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 112:196 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 5 22 from network 853:859 arg1 cane 870:873 sugar cane 864:873 sugar cane 864:873 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases were evaluated for their potential to fragment the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane and to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose. 25328538 9 23 theme H58 1475:1477 arg1 pith 1490:1493 pith 1490:1493 pith 1490:1493 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 9 23 theme H58 1475:1477 arg1 /fraction 1479:1487 the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction 1446:1487 the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith) 1446:1494 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 14 24 theme feruloyl 2580:2587 arg1 measurements 2607:2618 feruloyl esterase activity measurements 2580:2618 feruloyl esterase activity measurements 2580:2618 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 0 25 theme xylan 143:147 arg1 accessibility 112:124 accessibility 112:124 accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 112:196 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 11 26 theme enzyme 1960:1965 arg1 access 1967:1972 enzyme access 1960:1972 enzyme access to cellulose or xylan 1960:1994 Despite the extensive release of phenolic acids, feruloyl esterases only moderately promoted enzyme access to cellulose or xylan. 25328538 12 27 theme esterase 2022:2029 arg1 TrAXE 2031:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE 1997:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE 1997:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 5 28 theme feruloyl 767:774 arg1 esterases 776:784 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases 735:784 esterases 776:784 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases were evaluated for their potential to fragment the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane and to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose. 25328538 1 29 theme innermost 296:304 arg1 pith 338:341 the least recalcitrant pith 315:341 the least recalcitrant pith 315:341 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 1 29 theme innermost 296:304 arg1 ones 306:309 the two innermost ones 288:309 the two innermost ones 288:309 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 5 30 theme lignocellulosic 837:851 arg1 network 853:859 the lignocellulosic network 833:859 the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane 833:873 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases were evaluated for their potential to fragment the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane and to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose. 25328538 13 31 theme cane 2222:2225 arg1 fractions 2227:2235 sugar cane fractions 2216:2235 sugar cane fractions 2216:2235 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 6 32 theme clone 1046:1050 arg1 fractions 998:1006 the pith and pith-rind interface fractions 965:1006 the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) 965:1056 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 7 33 from rate 1144:1147 arg1 substrates 1213:1222 all four substrates 1204:1222 all four substrates 1204:1222 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 5 34 theme cellulose 923:931 arg1 accessibility 906:918 the accessibility 902:918 the accessibility of cellulose 902:931 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases were evaluated for their potential to fragment the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane and to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose. 25328538 6 35 theme sugar 1035:1039 arg1 H58 1053:1055 H58 1053:1055 H58 1053:1055 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 6 35 theme sugar 1035:1039 arg1 clone 1046:1050 a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone 1011:1050 a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) 1011:1056 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 0 36 from Effects 0:6 arg1 accessibility 112:124 accessibility 112:124 accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 112:196 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 7 37 dep cellulose 1170:1178 arg1 hydrolysis 1190:1199 hydrolysis 1190:1199 hydrolysis 1190:1199 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 5 38 theme xylan 742:746 arg1 esterase 748:755 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases 735:784 esterase 748:755 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases were evaluated for their potential to fragment the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane and to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose. 25328538 13 39 theme hydrolysis 2245:2254 arg1 data 2256:2259 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data 2176:2259 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data 2176:2259 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 6 40 theme reference 1084:1092 arg1 RC 1104:1105 RC 1104:1105 RC 1104:1105 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 6 40 theme reference 1084:1092 arg1 cultivar 1094:1101 a reference cultivar 1082:1101 a reference cultivar (RC) 1082:1106 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 3 41 with interaction 548:558 arg1 lignin 583:588 lignin 583:588 lignin 583:588 In general, cellulose hydrolysis in plants is hindered by its physical interaction with hemicellulose and lignin. 25328538 3 41 with interaction 548:558 arg1 hemicellulose 565:577 hemicellulose 565:577 hemicellulose 565:577 In general, cellulose hydrolysis in plants is hindered by its physical interaction with hemicellulose and lignin. 25328538 13 42 theme hydroxycinnamic 2180:2194 arg1 composition 2201:2211 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition 2176:2211 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions 2176:2235 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 14 43 theme cane 2519:2522 arg1 substrate 2566:2574 a possible natural substrate 2547:2574 a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements 2547:2618 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 14 43 theme cane 2519:2522 arg1 pith 2524:2527 sugar cane pith 2513:2527 sugar cane pith 2513:2527 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 13 44 theme composition 2201:2211 arg1 data 2256:2259 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data 2176:2259 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data 2176:2259 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 13 45 theme p-coumaroyl 2340:2350 arg1 groups 2352:2357 p-coumaroyl groups 2340:2357 p-coumaroyl groups 2340:2357 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 0 46 theme enzymatic 11:19 arg1 removal 21:27 enzymatic removal 11:27 enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) 11:107 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 1 47 theme fractions 268:276 arg1 pith 338:341 the least recalcitrant pith 315:341 the least recalcitrant pith 315:341 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 1 47 theme fractions 268:276 arg1 ones 306:309 the two innermost ones 288:309 the two innermost ones 288:309 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 1 47 theme fractions 268:276 arg1 interface 383:391 the moderately accessible pith-rind interface 347:391 the moderately accessible pith-rind interface 347:391 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 0 48 dep acylation 48:56 arg1 acetylation 59:69 acetylation 59:69 acetylation 59:69 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 0 48 dep acylation 48:56 arg1 p-coumaroylation 72:87 p-coumaroylation 72:87 p-coumaroylation 72:87 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 0 48 dep acylation 48:56 arg1 feruloylation 94:106 feruloylation 94:106 feruloylation 94:106 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 13 49 theme feruloyl 2283:2290 arg1 groups 2292:2297 feruloyl groups 2283:2297 feruloyl groups 2283:2297 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 10 50 theme esterification 1807:1820 arg1 patterns 1822:1829 different esterification patterns 1797:1829 different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids 1797:1864 In addition, a compositional analysis of the four fractions revealed that p-coumaroyl content correlated with lignin, while feruloyl content correlated with arabinose content, suggesting different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids. 25328538 8 51 theme pith 1379:1382 arg1 fractions 1398:1406 both the pith and interface fractions 1370:1406 fractions 1398:1406 Of the three feruloyl esterases tested, only TsFaeC was capable of releasing p-coumaric acid, while AnFaeA and NcFaeD released ferulic acid from both the pith and interface fractions. 25328538 11 52 theme extensive 1879:1887 arg1 release 1889:1895 the extensive release 1875:1895 the extensive release of phenolic acids 1875:1913 Despite the extensive release of phenolic acids, feruloyl esterases only moderately promoted enzyme access to cellulose or xylan. 25328538 7 53 theme overall 1153:1159 arg1 yield 1161:1165 overall yield 1153:1165 overall yield 1153:1165 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 14 54 theme sugar 2513:2517 arg1 substrate 2566:2574 a possible natural substrate 2547:2574 a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements 2547:2618 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 14 54 theme sugar 2513:2517 arg1 pith 2524:2527 sugar cane pith 2513:2527 sugar cane pith 2513:2527 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 0 55 theme acylation 48:56 arg1 removal 21:27 enzymatic removal 11:27 enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) 11:107 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 8 56 theme interface 1388:1396 arg1 fractions 1398:1406 both the pith and interface fractions 1370:1406 fractions 1398:1406 Of the three feruloyl esterases tested, only TsFaeC was capable of releasing p-coumaric acid, while AnFaeA and NcFaeD released ferulic acid from both the pith and interface fractions. 25328538 14 57 theme different 2398:2406 arg1 esterases 2417:2425 The three different feruloyl esterases 2388:2425 The three different feruloyl esterases 2388:2425 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 0 58 theme cell 38:41 arg1 acylation 48:56 plant cell wall acylation 32:56 plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) 32:107 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 1 59 theme BACKGROUND 199:208 arg1 internodes 221:230 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes 199:230 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes 199:230 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 12 60 theme xylan 2016:2020 arg1 TrAXE 2031:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE 1997:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE 1997:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 0 61 from accessibility 112:124 arg1 fractions 188:196 natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 152:196 natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 152:196 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 10 62 theme fractions 1660:1668 arg1 analysis 1639:1646 a compositional analysis 1623:1646 a compositional analysis of the four fractions 1623:1668 In addition, a compositional analysis of the four fractions revealed that p-coumaroyl content correlated with lignin, while feruloyl content correlated with arabinose content, suggesting different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids. 25328538 1 63 theme cane 216:219 arg1 internodes 221:230 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes 199:230 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes 199:230 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 14 64 theme sugar 2475:2479 arg1 substrate 2486:2494 non-pretreated sugar cane substrate 2460:2494 non-pretreated sugar cane substrate 2460:2494 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 14 65 theme possible 2549:2556 arg1 substrate 2566:2574 a possible natural substrate 2547:2574 a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements 2547:2618 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 14 65 theme possible 2549:2556 arg1 pith 2524:2527 sugar cane pith 2513:2527 sugar cane pith 2513:2527 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 3 66 theme cellulose 489:497 arg1 hydrolysis 499:508 cellulose hydrolysis 489:508 cellulose hydrolysis in plants 489:518 In general, cellulose hydrolysis in plants is hindered by its physical interaction with hemicellulose and lignin. 25328538 12 67 theme CONCLUSIONS 1997:2007 arg1 TrAXE 2031:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE 1997:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE 1997:2035 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 9 68 attach released 1530:1537 arg1 interface 1569:1577 the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) 1544:1578 the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) 1544:1578 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 9 68 attach released 1530:1537 arg2 acid 1521:1524 more p-coumaric acid 1505:1524 more p-coumaric acid 1505:1524 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 10 69 theme acids 1860:1864 arg1 patterns 1822:1829 different esterification patterns 1797:1829 different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids 1797:1864 In addition, a compositional analysis of the four fractions revealed that p-coumaroyl content correlated with lignin, while feruloyl content correlated with arabinose content, suggesting different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids. 25328538 7 70 theme Acetyl 1109:1114 arg1 esterase 1122:1129 Acetyl xylan esterase 1109:1129 Acetyl xylan esterase 1109:1129 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 3 71 from hydrolysis 499:508 arg1 plants 513:518 plants 513:518 plants 513:518 In general, cellulose hydrolysis in plants is hindered by its physical interaction with hemicellulose and lignin. 25328538 9 72 theme Ferulic 1409:1415 arg1 release 1422:1428 Ferulic acid release 1409:1428 Ferulic acid release 1409:1428 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 14 73 theme product 2440:2446 arg1 profiles 2448:2455 distinct product profiles 2431:2455 distinct product profiles 2431:2455 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 9 74 theme lignin 1594:1599 arg1 content 1601:1607 a higher lignin content 1585:1607 a higher lignin content 1585:1607 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 0 75 theme cane 183:186 arg1 fractions 188:196 natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 152:196 natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions 152:196 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 12 76 dep esterases 2138:2146 arg1 esterases 2138:2146 the feruloyl esterases 2125:2146 the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD 2125:2173 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 12 76 dep esterases 2138:2146 arg1 TsFaeC 2156:2161 TsFaeC 2156:2161 TsFaeC 2156:2161 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 12 76 dep esterases 2138:2146 arg1 NcFaeD 2168:2173 NcFaeD 2168:2173 NcFaeD 2168:2173 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 12 76 dep esterases 2138:2146 arg1 AnFaeA 2148:2153 AnFaeA 2148:2153 AnFaeA 2148:2153 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 5 77 dep potential 811:819 arg1 fragment 824:831 fragment 824:831 fragment 824:831 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases were evaluated for their potential to fragment the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane and to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose. 25328538 5 77 dep potential 811:819 arg1 increase 893:900 increase 893:900 to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose 879:931 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases were evaluated for their potential to fragment the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane and to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose. 25328538 12 78 theme sugar 2101:2105 arg1 cane 2107:2110 sugar cane 2101:2110 sugar cane 2101:2110 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 15 79 theme Hydrolysis 2621:2630 arg1 data 2632:2635 Hydrolysis data 2621:2635 Hydrolysis data 2621:2635 Hydrolysis data suggest that TsFaeC was able to release p-coumaroyl groups esterifying lignin. 25328538 4 80 attach linked 616:621 arg1 hemicellulose 637:649 hemicellulose 637:649 hemicellulose 637:649 Lignin is believed to be linked covalently to hemicellulose through hydroxycinnamic acids, forming a compact matrix around the polysaccharides. 25328538 4 80 attach linked 616:621 arg2 Lignin 591:596 Lignin 591:596 Lignin 591:596 Lignin is believed to be linked covalently to hemicellulose through hydroxycinnamic acids, forming a compact matrix around the polysaccharides. 25328538 8 81 theme feruloyl 1238:1245 arg1 esterases 1247:1255 the three feruloyl esterases 1228:1255 the three feruloyl esterases tested 1228:1262 Of the three feruloyl esterases tested, only TsFaeC was capable of releasing p-coumaric acid, while AnFaeA and NcFaeD released ferulic acid from both the pith and interface fractions. 25328538 3 82 theme physical 539:546 arg1 interaction 548:558 its physical interaction 535:558 its physical interaction with hemicellulose and lignin 535:588 In general, cellulose hydrolysis in plants is hindered by its physical interaction with hemicellulose and lignin. 25328538 6 83 theme interface 988:996 arg1 fractions 998:1006 the pith and pith-rind interface fractions 965:1006 the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) 965:1056 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 11 84 theme feruloyl 1916:1923 arg1 esterases 1925:1933 feruloyl esterases 1916:1933 feruloyl esterases 1916:1933 Despite the extensive release of phenolic acids, feruloyl esterases only moderately promoted enzyme access to cellulose or xylan. 25328538 9 85 theme recalcitrant 1455:1466 arg1 pith 1490:1493 pith 1490:1493 pith 1490:1493 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 9 85 theme recalcitrant 1455:1466 arg1 /fraction 1479:1487 the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction 1446:1487 the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith) 1446:1494 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 1 86 theme pith-rind 373:381 arg1 interface 383:391 the moderately accessible pith-rind interface 347:391 the moderately accessible pith-rind interface 347:391 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 10 87 theme feruloyl 1734:1741 arg1 content 1743:1749 feruloyl content 1734:1749 feruloyl content 1734:1749 In addition, a compositional analysis of the four fractions revealed that p-coumaroyl content correlated with lignin, while feruloyl content correlated with arabinose content, suggesting different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids. 25328538 14 88 theme esterase 2589:2596 arg1 measurements 2607:2618 feruloyl esterase activity measurements 2580:2618 feruloyl esterase activity measurements 2580:2618 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 15 89 theme p-coumaroyl 2677:2687 arg1 groups 2689:2694 p-coumaroyl groups 2677:2694 p-coumaroyl groups esterifying lignin 2677:2713 Hydrolysis data suggest that TsFaeC was able to release p-coumaroyl groups esterifying lignin. 25328538 10 90 theme arabinose 1767:1775 arg1 content 1777:1783 arabinose content 1767:1783 arabinose content 1767:1783 In addition, a compositional analysis of the four fractions revealed that p-coumaroyl content correlated with lignin, while feruloyl content correlated with arabinose content, suggesting different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids. 25328538 13 91 theme sugar 2216:2220 arg1 fractions 2227:2235 sugar cane fractions 2216:2235 sugar cane fractions 2216:2235 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 14 92 theme natural 2558:2564 arg1 substrate 2566:2574 a possible natural substrate 2547:2574 a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements 2547:2618 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 14 92 theme natural 2558:2564 arg1 pith 2524:2527 sugar cane pith 2513:2527 sugar cane pith 2513:2527 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 8 93 theme p-coumaric 1302:1311 arg1 acid 1313:1316 p-coumaric acid 1302:1316 p-coumaric acid 1302:1316 Of the three feruloyl esterases tested, only TsFaeC was capable of releasing p-coumaric acid, while AnFaeA and NcFaeD released ferulic acid from both the pith and interface fractions. 25328538 13 94 theme fractions 2227:2235 arg1 hydrolysis 2245:2254 the hydrolysis 2241:2254 the hydrolysis 2241:2254 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 13 94 theme fractions 2227:2235 arg1 composition 2201:2211 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition 2176:2211 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions 2176:2235 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 6 95 theme cane 1041:1044 arg1 H58 1053:1055 H58 1053:1055 H58 1053:1055 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 6 95 theme cane 1041:1044 arg1 clone 1046:1050 a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone 1011:1050 a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) 1011:1056 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 4 96 theme compact 692:698 arg1 matrix 700:705 a compact matrix 690:705 a compact matrix around the polysaccharides 690:732 Lignin is believed to be linked covalently to hemicellulose through hydroxycinnamic acids, forming a compact matrix around the polysaccharides. 25328538 5 97 theme Acetyl 735:740 arg1 esterase 748:755 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases 735:784 esterase 748:755 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases were evaluated for their potential to fragment the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane and to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose. 25328538 6 98 theme low-lignin-containing 1013:1033 arg1 H58 1053:1055 H58 1053:1055 H58 1053:1055 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 6 98 theme low-lignin-containing 1013:1033 arg1 clone 1046:1050 a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone 1011:1050 a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) 1011:1056 RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). 25328538 7 99 from yield 1161:1165 arg1 substrates 1213:1222 all four substrates 1204:1222 all four substrates 1204:1222 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 7 100 theme xylan 1184:1188 arg1 rate 1144:1147 rate 1144:1147 rate 1144:1147 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 7 100 theme xylan 1184:1188 arg1 yield 1161:1165 overall yield 1153:1165 overall yield 1153:1165 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 1 101 theme recalcitrant 325:336 arg1 pith 338:341 the least recalcitrant pith 315:341 the least recalcitrant pith 315:341 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 1 101 theme recalcitrant 325:336 arg1 ones 306:309 the two innermost ones 288:309 the two innermost ones 288:309 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 9 102 theme p-coumaric 1510:1519 arg1 acid 1521:1524 more p-coumaric acid 1505:1524 more p-coumaric acid 1505:1524 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 7 103 dep rate 1144:1147 arg1 the 1140:1142 the 1140:1142 the 1140:1142 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 7 104 theme cellulose 1170:1178 arg1 rate 1144:1147 rate 1144:1147 rate 1144:1147 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 7 104 theme cellulose 1170:1178 arg1 yield 1161:1165 overall yield 1153:1165 overall yield 1153:1165 Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. 25328538 2 105 theme enzymatic 420:428 arg1 hydrolyzability 430:444 enzymatic hydrolyzability 420:444 enzymatic hydrolyzability due to structural differences 420:474 These fractions differ in enzymatic hydrolyzability due to structural differences. 25328538 14 106 theme cane 2481:2484 arg1 substrate 2486:2494 non-pretreated sugar cane substrate 2460:2494 non-pretreated sugar cane substrate 2460:2494 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 8 107 theme ferulic 1352:1358 arg1 acid 1360:1363 ferulic acid 1352:1363 ferulic acid 1352:1363 Of the three feruloyl esterases tested, only TsFaeC was capable of releasing p-coumaric acid, while AnFaeA and NcFaeD released ferulic acid from both the pith and interface fractions. 25328538 0 108 theme removal 21:27 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 0:197 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 13 109 theme acid 2196:2199 arg1 composition 2201:2211 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition 2176:2211 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions 2176:2235 The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. 25328538 12 110 dep efficient 2046:2054 arg1 compared 2113:2120 compared 2113:2120 compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD 2113:2173 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 11 111 theme phenolic 1900:1907 arg1 acids 1909:1913 phenolic acids 1900:1913 phenolic acids 1900:1913 Despite the extensive release of phenolic acids, feruloyl esterases only moderately promoted enzyme access to cellulose or xylan. 25328538 0 112 theme plant 32:36 arg1 acylation 48:56 plant cell wall acylation 32:56 plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) 32:107 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 5 113 theme sugar 864:868 arg1 cane 870:873 sugar cane 864:873 sugar cane 864:873 Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases were evaluated for their potential to fragment the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane and to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose. 25328538 9 114 theme clone 1548:1552 arg1 interface 1569:1577 the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) 1544:1578 the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) 1544:1578 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 2 115 theme structural 453:462 arg1 differences 464:474 structural differences 453:474 structural differences 453:474 These fractions differ in enzymatic hydrolyzability due to structural differences. 25328538 10 116 theme different 1797:1805 arg1 patterns 1822:1829 different esterification patterns 1797:1829 different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids 1797:1864 In addition, a compositional analysis of the four fractions revealed that p-coumaroyl content correlated with lignin, while feruloyl content correlated with arabinose content, suggesting different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids. 25328538 14 117 theme feruloyl 2408:2415 arg1 esterases 2417:2425 The three different feruloyl esterases 2388:2425 The three different feruloyl esterases 2388:2425 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 25328538 0 118 theme wall 43:46 arg1 acylation 48:56 plant cell wall acylation 32:56 plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) 32:107 Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. 25328538 9 119 theme RC 1555:1556 arg1 interface 1569:1577 the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) 1544:1578 the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) 1544:1578 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 2 120 theme due 446:448 arg1 hydrolyzability 430:444 enzymatic hydrolyzability 420:444 enzymatic hydrolyzability due to structural differences 420:474 These fractions differ in enzymatic hydrolyzability due to structural differences. 25328538 10 121 theme hydroxycinnamic 1844:1858 arg1 acids 1860:1864 these two hydroxycinnamic acids 1834:1864 these two hydroxycinnamic acids 1834:1864 In addition, a compositional analysis of the four fractions revealed that p-coumaroyl content correlated with lignin, while feruloyl content correlated with arabinose content, suggesting different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids. 25328538 12 122 theme cane 2107:2110 arg1 saccharification 2081:2096 the overall saccharification 2069:2096 the overall saccharification of sugar cane 2069:2110 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 10 123 theme compositional 1625:1637 arg1 analysis 1639:1646 a compositional analysis 1623:1646 a compositional analysis of the four fractions 1623:1668 In addition, a compositional analysis of the four fractions revealed that p-coumaroyl content correlated with lignin, while feruloyl content correlated with arabinose content, suggesting different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids. 25328538 9 124 theme /fraction 1558:1566 arg1 interface 1569:1577 the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) 1544:1578 the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) 1544:1578 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 1 125 theme Sugar 210:214 arg1 internodes 221:230 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes 199:230 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes 199:230 BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. 25328538 9 126 theme clone 1468:1472 arg1 pith 1490:1493 pith 1490:1493 pith 1490:1493 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 9 126 theme clone 1468:1472 arg1 /fraction 1479:1487 the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction 1446:1487 the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith) 1446:1494 Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. 25328538 12 127 theme feruloyl 2129:2136 arg1 esterases 2138:2146 the feruloyl esterases 2125:2146 the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD 2125:2173 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 12 127 theme feruloyl 2129:2136 arg1 TsFaeC 2156:2161 TsFaeC 2156:2161 TsFaeC 2156:2161 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 12 127 theme feruloyl 2129:2136 arg1 NcFaeD 2168:2173 NcFaeD 2168:2173 NcFaeD 2168:2173 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 12 127 theme feruloyl 2129:2136 arg1 AnFaeA 2148:2153 AnFaeA 2148:2153 AnFaeA 2148:2153 CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. 25328538 14 128 theme activity 2598:2605 arg1 measurements 2607:2618 feruloyl esterase activity measurements 2580:2618 feruloyl esterase activity measurements 2580:2618 The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. 29042495 6 0 from increase 1113:1120 arg1 ratio 1129:1133 the ratio 1125:1133 the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine 1125:1515 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 10 1 theme microbiome 2115:2124 arg1 function 2095:2102 the function 2091:2102 the function of the gut microbiome in digestion 2091:2137 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 6 2 theme combined 1062:1069 arg1 data 1071:1074 The combined data 1058:1074 The combined data 1058:1074 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 9 3 theme pathways 2005:2012 arg1 identities 1901:1910 the identities 1897:1910 the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out 1897:2032 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 6 4 theme complex 1437:1443 arg1 interplay 1445:1453 the complex interplay 1433:1453 the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine 1433:1515 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 8 5 theme metabolism 1757:1766 arg1 products 1745:1752 resultant products 1735:1752 resultant products 1735:1752 In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. 29042495 8 5 theme metabolism 1757:1766 arg1 pathways 1722:1729 metabolic pathways 1712:1729 metabolic pathways 1712:1729 In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. 29042495 4 6 theme rRNA 751:754 arg1 sequencing 761:770 16S rRNA gene sequencing 747:770 16S rRNA gene sequencing 747:770 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 7 7 theme different 1645:1653 arg1 microorganisms 1655:1668 different microorganisms 1645:1668 different microorganisms 1645:1668 Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. 29042495 6 8 theme mechanistic 1404:1414 arg1 understanding 1416:1428 a mechanistic understanding 1402:1428 a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine 1402:1515 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 10 9 theme function 2095:2102 arg1 picture 2080:2086 a more complete picture 2064:2086 a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion 2064:2137 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 1 10 theme few 173:175 arg1 ingredients 185:195 yet relatively few dietary ingredients 158:195 yet relatively few dietary ingredients 158:195 Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. 29042495 2 11 theme RS 490:491 arg1 digestion 477:485 digestion 477:485 digestion of RS 477:491 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 6 12 theme relative 1190:1197 arg1 abundances 1199:1208 relative abundances 1190:1208 relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes 1190:1251 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 3 13 theme crossover 538:546 arg1 study 548:552 a dietary crossover study 528:552 a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS 528:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 10 14 theme novel 2200:2204 arg1 linkages 2206:2213 novel linkages 2200:2213 novel linkages 2200:2213 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 8 15 from addition 1698:1705 arg1 complex 1796:1802 complex 1796:1802 complex 1796:1802 In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. 29042495 5 16 theme high 936:939 arg1 diet 931:934 a diet 929:934 a diet high in resistant starch (HRS) 929:965 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 5 17 theme multiomics 812:821 arg1 approach 823:830 This multiomics approach 807:830 This multiomics approach 807:830 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 8 18 theme metabolic 1712:1720 arg1 pathways 1722:1729 metabolic pathways 1712:1729 metabolic pathways 1712:1729 In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. 29042495 4 19 theme gut 644:646 arg1 microbiome 648:657 the gut microbiome 640:657 the gut microbiome 640:657 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 5 20 theme resistant 944:952 arg1 HRS 962:964 HRS 962:964 HRS 962:964 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 5 20 theme resistant 944:952 arg1 starch 954:959 resistant starch 944:959 resistant starch (HRS) 944:965 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 10 21 theme gut 2232:2234 arg1 microbes 2236:2243 specific gut microbes 2223:2243 specific gut microbes 2223:2243 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 10 22 from function 2095:2102 arg1 digestion 2129:2137 digestion 2129:2137 digestion 2129:2137 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 5 23 from starch 954:959 arg1 high 936:939 high 936:939 high 936:939 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 7 24 theme food 1593:1596 arg1 digestion 1576:1584 digestion 1576:1584 digestion of the food that we consume 1576:1612 Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. 29042495 9 25 theme approaches 1873:1882 arg1 combination 1848:1858 a combination 1846:1858 a combination of molecular approaches 1846:1882 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 6 26 theme Firmicutes 1242:1251 arg1 members 1227:1233 some specific members 1213:1233 some specific members of the Firmicutes 1213:1251 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 6 27 from increases 1268:1276 arg1 pathways 1291:1298 enzymatic pathways 1281:1298 enzymatic pathways 1281:1298 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 6 27 from increases 1268:1276 arg1 abundances 1199:1208 relative abundances 1190:1208 relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes 1190:1251 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 6 27 from increases 1268:1276 arg1 metabolites 1304:1314 metabolites 1304:1314 metabolites 1304:1314 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 1 28 theme human 136:140 arg1 microbiome 142:151 the human microbiome 132:151 the human microbiome 132:151 Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. 29042495 0 29 from Impact 0:5 arg1 Metaproteome 64:75 Metaproteome 64:75 Metaproteome 64:75 Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome. 29042495 0 29 from Impact 0:5 arg1 Metabolome 82:91 Metabolome 82:91 Metabolome 82:91 Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome. 29042495 0 29 from Impact 0:5 arg1 Microbiome 52:61 the Human Gut Microbiome 38:61 the Human Gut Microbiome 38:61 Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome. 29042495 5 30 theme specific 869:876 arg1 species 888:894 specific bacterial species 869:894 specific bacterial species 869:894 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 6 31 theme specific 1218:1225 arg1 members 1227:1233 some specific members 1213:1233 some specific members of the Firmicutes 1213:1251 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 4 32 from pathways 673:680 arg1 gut 689:691 the gut 685:691 the gut 685:691 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 5 33 theme species 888:894 arg1 abundance 856:864 the abundance 852:864 the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites 852:921 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 7 34 theme key 1564:1566 arg1 role 1568:1571 a key role 1562:1571 a key role 1562:1571 Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. 29042495 2 35 theme mechanistic 395:405 arg1 understanding 407:419 a mechanistic understanding 393:419 a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS 393:491 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 0 36 theme Dietary 10:16 arg1 Starch 28:33 Dietary Resistant Starch 10:33 Dietary Resistant Starch 10:33 Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome. 29042495 7 37 theme gut 1544:1546 arg1 microbes 1548:1555 gut microbes 1544:1555 gut microbes 1544:1555 Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. 29042495 2 38 theme metabolic 428:436 arg1 processes 438:446 the metabolic processes 424:446 the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS 424:491 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 0 39 theme Gut 48:50 arg1 Microbiome 52:61 the Human Gut Microbiome 38:61 the Human Gut Microbiome 38:61 Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome. 29042495 0 40 theme Starch 28:33 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome. 0:92 Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome. 29042495 5 41 theme interventions 1021:1033 arg1 influence 1000:1008 the influence 996:1008 the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome 996:1055 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 6 42 theme concurrent 1257:1266 arg1 increases 1268:1276 concurrent increases 1257:1276 concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine 1257:1515 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 4 43 theme approaches 725:734 arg1 combination 702:712 a combination 700:712 a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics 700:804 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 5 44 from influence 1000:1008 arg1 microbiome 1046:1055 the gut microbiome 1038:1055 the gut microbiome 1038:1055 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 6 45 dep gut.IMPORTANCE 1352:1365 arg1 undertaken 1381:1390 undertaken 1381:1390 was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine 1377:1515 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 9 46 theme dietary 1965:1971 arg1 starch 1973:1978 dietary starch 1965:1978 dietary starch 1965:1978 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 2 47 theme Dietary 311:317 arg1 RS 337:338 RS 337:338 RS 337:338 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 2 47 theme Dietary 311:317 arg1 starch 329:334 Dietary resistant starch 311:334 Dietary resistant starch (RS) 311:339 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 6 48 from metabolism 1334:1343 arg1 gut.IMPORTANCE 1352:1365 the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine 1348:1515 the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine 1348:1515 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 3 49 theme RS 602:603 arg1 RS 602:603 RS 602:603 RS 602:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 3 49 theme RS 602:603 arg1 amounts 591:597 large or small amounts 576:597 large or small amounts of RS 576:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 6 50 theme enzymatic 1281:1289 arg1 pathways 1291:1298 enzymatic pathways 1281:1298 enzymatic pathways 1281:1298 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 6 51 from increases 1177:1185 arg1 pathways 1291:1298 enzymatic pathways 1281:1298 enzymatic pathways 1281:1298 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 6 51 from increases 1177:1185 arg1 abundances 1199:1208 relative abundances 1190:1208 relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes 1190:1251 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 6 51 from increases 1177:1185 arg1 metabolites 1304:1314 metabolites 1304:1314 metabolites 1304:1314 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 9 52 from identities 1901:1910 arg1 gut 1941:1943 the gut 1937:1943 the gut during digestion of dietary starch 1937:1978 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 8 53 theme resultant 1735:1743 arg1 products 1745:1752 resultant products 1735:1752 resultant products 1735:1752 In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. 29042495 9 54 from pathways 2005:2012 arg1 gut 1941:1943 the gut 1937:1943 the gut during digestion of dietary starch 1937:1978 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 4 55 from impact 624:629 arg1 microbiome 648:657 the gut microbiome 640:657 the gut microbiome 640:657 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 4 55 from impact 624:629 arg1 pathways 673:680 metabolic pathways 663:680 metabolic pathways in the gut 663:691 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 4 56 theme gene 756:759 arg1 sequencing 761:770 16S rRNA gene sequencing 747:770 16S rRNA gene sequencing 747:770 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 9 57 theme metabolic 1995:2003 arg1 pathways 2005:2012 the metabolic pathways 1991:2012 the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out 1915:2032 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 6 58 theme Firmicutes 1138:1147 arg1 ratio 1129:1133 the ratio 1125:1133 the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine 1125:1515 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 5 59 theme proteins 897:904 arg1 abundance 856:864 the abundance 852:864 the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites 852:921 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 10 60 theme gut 2111:2113 arg1 microbiome 2115:2124 the gut microbiome 2107:2124 the gut microbiome 2107:2124 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 7 61 theme microorganisms 1655:1668 arg1 contributions 1628:1640 the specific contributions 1615:1640 the specific contributions of different microorganisms 1615:1668 Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. 29042495 8 62 dep pathways 1722:1729 arg1 the 1708:1710 the 1708:1710 the 1708:1710 In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. 29042495 1 63 theme microbiome 142:151 arg1 composition 117:127 the composition 113:127 the composition of the human microbiome 113:151 Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. 29042495 1 64 from impact 257:262 arg1 potential 282:290 the functional potential 267:290 the functional potential of the microbiome 267:308 Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. 29042495 4 65 theme 16S 747:749 arg1 sequencing 761:770 16S rRNA gene sequencing 747:770 16S rRNA gene sequencing 747:770 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 7 66 theme specific 1619:1626 arg1 contributions 1628:1640 the specific contributions 1615:1640 the specific contributions of different microorganisms 1615:1668 Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. 29042495 9 67 from gut 1941:1943 arg1 identities 1901:1910 the identities 1897:1910 the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out 1897:2032 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 9 68 contain carry 2024:2028 arg1 they 2019:2022 they 2019:2022 they 2019:2022 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 9 68 contain carry 2024:2028 arg2 pathways 2005:2012 the metabolic pathways 1991:2012 the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out 1915:2032 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 9 69 theme knowledge 1822:1830 arg1 gaps 1832:1835 these knowledge gaps 1816:1835 these knowledge gaps 1816:1835 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 3 70 theme dietary 530:536 arg1 study 548:552 a dietary crossover study 528:552 a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS 528:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 1 71 theme dietary 177:183 arg1 ingredients 185:195 yet relatively few dietary ingredients 158:195 yet relatively few dietary ingredients 158:195 Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. 29042495 1 72 theme microbiome 299:308 arg1 potential 282:290 the functional potential 267:290 the functional potential of the microbiome 267:308 Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. 29042495 2 73 contain have 359:362 arg1 RS 337:338 RS 337:338 RS 337:338 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 2 73 contain have 359:362 arg2 benefits 371:378 health benefits 364:378 health benefits 364:378 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 2 73 contain have 359:362 arg1 starch 329:334 Dietary resistant starch 311:334 Dietary resistant starch (RS) 311:339 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 6 74 theme high-RS 1090:1096 arg1 diet 1098:1101 a high-RS diet 1088:1101 a high-RS diet 1088:1101 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 4 75 theme RS 634:635 arg1 impact 624:629 the impact 620:629 the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut 620:691 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 10 76 theme lipid 2179:2183 arg1 metabolism 2185:2194 lipid metabolism 2179:2194 lipid metabolism 2179:2194 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 9 77 used used 1841:1844 arg2 we 1838:1839 we 1838:1839 we 1838:1839 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 10 78 from picture 2080:2086 arg1 digestion 2129:2137 digestion 2129:2137 digestion 2129:2137 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 3 79 with study 548:552 arg1 diets 559:563 diets 559:563 diets containing large or small amounts of RS 559:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 10 80 theme specific 2223:2230 arg1 microbes 2236:2243 specific gut microbes 2223:2243 specific gut microbes 2223:2243 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 9 81 theme molecular 1863:1871 arg1 approaches 1873:1882 molecular approaches 1863:1882 molecular approaches 1863:1882 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 5 82 from high 936:939 arg1 HRS 962:964 HRS 962:964 HRS 962:964 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 5 82 from high 936:939 arg1 starch 954:959 resistant starch 944:959 resistant starch (HRS) 944:965 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 6 83 theme interplay 1445:1453 arg1 understanding 1416:1428 a mechanistic understanding 1402:1428 a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine 1402:1515 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 2 84 theme processes 438:446 arg1 understanding 407:419 a mechanistic understanding 393:419 a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS 393:491 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 5 85 theme dietary 1013:1019 arg1 interventions 1021:1033 dietary interventions 1013:1033 dietary interventions 1013:1033 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 10 86 theme complete 2071:2078 arg1 picture 2080:2086 a more complete picture 2064:2086 a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion 2064:2137 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 6 87 theme members 1227:1233 arg1 abundances 1199:1208 relative abundances 1190:1208 relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes 1190:1251 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 5 88 theme key 978:980 arg1 insights 982:989 key insights 978:989 key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome 978:1055 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 5 89 theme bacterial 878:886 arg1 species 888:894 specific bacterial species 869:894 specific bacterial species 869:894 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 6 90 theme lipid 1328:1332 arg1 metabolism 1334:1343 lipid metabolism 1328:1343 lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine 1328:1515 The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. 29042495 10 91 theme RS 2167:2168 arg1 diet 2170:2173 an RS diet 2164:2173 an RS diet 2164:2173 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 9 92 theme microorganisms 1919:1932 arg1 identities 1901:1910 the identities 1897:1910 the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out 1897:2032 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 0 93 theme Resistant 18:26 arg1 Starch 28:33 Dietary Resistant Starch 10:33 Dietary Resistant Starch 10:33 Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome. 29042495 4 94 from microbiome 648:657 arg1 gut 689:691 the gut 685:691 the gut 685:691 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 10 95 from digestion 2129:2137 arg1 picture 2080:2086 a more complete picture 2064:2086 a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion 2064:2137 Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut. 29042495 3 96 theme small 585:589 arg1 RS 602:603 RS 602:603 RS 602:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 3 96 theme small 585:589 arg1 amounts 591:597 large or small amounts 576:597 large or small amounts of RS 576:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 4 97 theme metabolic 663:671 arg1 pathways 673:680 metabolic pathways 663:680 metabolic pathways in the gut 663:691 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 1 98 theme functional 271:280 arg1 potential 282:290 the functional potential 267:290 the functional potential of the microbiome 267:308 Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. 29042495 5 99 theme metabolites 911:921 arg1 abundance 856:864 the abundance 852:864 the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites 852:921 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 3 100 theme large 576:580 arg1 RS 602:603 RS 602:603 RS 602:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 3 100 theme large 576:580 arg1 amounts 591:597 large or small amounts 576:597 large or small amounts of RS 576:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 3 101 contain containing 565:574 arg2 amounts 591:597 large or small amounts 576:597 large or small amounts of RS 576:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 3 101 contain containing 565:574 arg2 RS 602:603 RS 602:603 RS 602:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 3 101 contain containing 565:574 arg1 diets 559:563 diets 559:563 diets containing large or small amounts of RS 559:603 Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. 29042495 2 102 theme health 364:369 arg1 benefits 371:378 health benefits 364:378 health benefits 364:378 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 0 103 theme Human 42:46 arg1 Microbiome 52:61 the Human Gut Microbiome 38:61 the Human Gut Microbiome 38:61 Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome. 29042495 9 104 from microorganisms 1919:1932 arg1 gut 1941:1943 the gut 1937:1943 the gut during digestion of dietary starch 1937:1978 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 4 105 theme " 723:723 arg1 metabolomics 793:804 metabolomics 793:804 metabolomics 793:804 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 4 105 theme " 723:723 arg1 sequencing 761:770 16S rRNA gene sequencing 747:770 16S rRNA gene sequencing 747:770 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 4 105 theme " 723:723 arg1 metaproteomics 773:786 metaproteomics 773:786 metaproteomics 773:786 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 4 105 theme " 723:723 arg1 approaches 725:734 "omics" approaches 717:734 "omics" approaches 717:734 We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. 29042495 2 106 theme resistant 319:327 arg1 RS 337:338 RS 337:338 RS 337:338 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 2 106 theme resistant 319:327 arg1 starch 329:334 Dietary resistant starch 311:334 Dietary resistant starch (RS) 311:339 Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. 29042495 5 107 theme gut 1042:1044 arg1 microbiome 1046:1055 the gut microbiome 1038:1055 the gut microbiome 1038:1055 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 9 108 theme starch 1973:1978 arg1 digestion 1952:1960 digestion 1952:1960 digestion of dietary starch 1952:1978 To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. 29042495 5 109 from changes 841:847 arg1 abundance 856:864 the abundance 852:864 the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites 852:921 This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. 29042495 8 110 from complex 1796:1802 arg1 addition 1698:1705 addition 1698:1705 addition 1698:1705 In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. 28990237 8 0 from present 1202:1208 arg1 extracts 1217:1224 the extracts 1213:1224 the extracts 1213:1224 The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. 28990237 10 1 theme sinapic 1575:1581 arg1 acid-O-hexoside 1583:1597 sinapic acid-O-hexoside 1575:1597 sinapic acid-O-hexoside 1575:1597 Two isomers of sinapic acid-O-hexoside were described for the first time in a Byrsonima species. 28990237 10 2 theme first 1622:1626 arg1 time 1628:1631 the first time 1618:1631 the first time in a Byrsonima species 1618:1654 Two isomers of sinapic acid-O-hexoside were described for the first time in a Byrsonima species. 28990237 11 3 theme genus 1714:1718 arg1 study 1701:1705 the study 1697:1705 the study of the genus 1697:1718 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 1 4 theme Byrsonima 127:135 arg1 species 137:143 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species 114:143 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species 114:143 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species have been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites. 28990237 2 5 from genus 351:355 arg1 organisms 331:339 other organisms 325:339 other organisms from this genus 325:355 Based on their biological activities, it is important to study other organisms from this genus and to identify their metabolites. 28990237 9 6 theme acid 1474:1477 arg1 derivatives 1479:1489 quinic acid derivatives 1467:1489 quinic acid derivatives 1467:1489 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 10 7 theme Byrsonima 1638:1646 arg1 species 1648:1654 a Byrsonima species 1636:1654 a Byrsonima species 1636:1654 Two isomers of sinapic acid-O-hexoside were described for the first time in a Byrsonima species. 28990237 11 8 theme dereplication 1825:1837 arg1 process 1839:1845 the dereplication process 1821:1845 the dereplication process 1821:1845 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 2 9 theme other 325:329 arg1 organisms 331:339 other organisms 325:339 other organisms from this genus 325:355 Based on their biological activities, it is important to study other organisms from this genus and to identify their metabolites. 28990237 1 10 theme gynecological 201:213 arg1 inflammations 215:227 gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations 180:227 inflammations 215:227 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species have been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites. 28990237 11 11 dep CONCLUSION 1657:1666 arg1 contributes 1682:1692 contributes 1682:1692 contributes to the study of the genus 1682:1718 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 9 12 theme acid 1499:1502 arg1 derivatives 1504:1514 gallic acid derivatives 1492:1514 gallic acid derivatives 1492:1514 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 1 13 theme infections 235:244 arg1 treatment 167:175 the treatment 163:175 the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites 163:259 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species have been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites. 28990237 8 14 attach present 1202:1208 arg1 extracts 1217:1224 the extracts 1213:1224 the extracts 1213:1224 The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. 28990237 8 14 attach present 1202:1208 arg2 compounds 1192:1200 The compounds 1188:1200 The compounds present in the extracts 1188:1224 The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. 28990237 8 15 theme activities 1318:1327 arg1 evaluation 1289:1298 The evaluation 1285:1298 The evaluation of the biological activities 1285:1327 The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. 28990237 12 16 dep & 1958:1958 arg1 Sons 1960:1963 Sons 1960:1963 Sons 1960:1963 Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 28990237 7 17 theme alpha 1081:1085 arg1 production 1115:1124 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production 1058:1124 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production 1058:1124 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production were measured by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. 28990237 9 18 theme acids 1531:1535 arg1 presence 1403:1410 the presence 1399:1410 the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins 1399:1557 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 6 19 theme macrophage 980:989 arg1 line 996:999 murine macrophage cell line 973:999 a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) 971:1011 Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28990237 6 19 theme macrophage 980:989 arg1 RAW 1002:1004 RAW 264-7 1002:1010 RAW 264-7 1002:1010 Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28990237 11 20 theme B. 1775:1776 arg1 sericea 1778:1784 B. sericea 1775:1784 B. sericea 1775:1784 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 7 21 theme necrosis 1065:1072 arg1 TNF-α 1088:1092 TNF-α 1088:1092 TNF-α 1088:1092 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production were measured by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. 28990237 7 21 theme necrosis 1065:1072 arg1 alpha 1081:1085 Tumour necrosis factor alpha 1058:1085 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 1058:1093 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production were measured by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. 28990237 3 22 theme anti-glycation 641:654 arg1 activities 689:698 their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities 613:698 their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities 613:698 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 9 23 theme proanthocyanidins 1541:1557 arg1 presence 1403:1410 the presence 1399:1410 the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins 1399:1557 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 4 24 theme Antioxidant 723:733 arg1 activity 735:742 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity 701:742 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity 701:742 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH˙, ABTS˙+ and ROO˙ scavenging assays. 28990237 11 25 theme composition 1760:1770 arg1 it 1721:1722 it 1721:1722 it 1721:1722 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 11 25 theme composition 1760:1770 arg1 report 1737:1742 the first report 1727:1742 the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea 1727:1784 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 3 26 theme antioxidant 628:638 arg1 activities 689:698 their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities 613:698 their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities 613:698 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 8 27 theme extracts 1357:1364 arg1 potential 1340:1348 the potential 1336:1348 the potential of the extracts 1336:1364 The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. 28990237 0 28 theme Species 89:95 arg1 Activities 65:74 Biological Activities 54:74 Biological Activities of Byrsonima Species (Malpighiaceae) 54:111 Dereplication by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and Screening for Biological Activities of Byrsonima Species (Malpighiaceae). 28990237 2 29 theme biological 277:286 arg1 activities 288:297 their biological activities 271:297 their biological activities 271:297 Based on their biological activities, it is important to study other organisms from this genus and to identify their metabolites. 28990237 3 30 theme ethyl 461:465 arg1 acetate 467:473 ethyl acetate 461:473 ethyl acetate 461:473 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 3 31 theme methanol 448:455 arg1 extracts 475:482 methanol and ethyl acetate extracts 448:482 methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) 448:576 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 11 32 theme first 1731:1735 arg1 it 1721:1722 it 1721:1722 it 1721:1722 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 11 32 theme first 1731:1735 arg1 report 1737:1742 the first report 1727:1742 the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea 1727:1784 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 4 33 theme scavenging 785:794 arg1 assays 796:801 ROO˙ scavenging assays 780:801 ROO˙ scavenging assays 780:801 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH˙, ABTS˙+ and ROO˙ scavenging assays. 28990237 1 34 theme INTRODUCTION 114:125 arg1 species 137:143 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species 114:143 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species 114:143 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species have been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites. 28990237 3 35 theme cytotoxic 679:687 arg1 activities 689:698 their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities 613:698 their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities 613:698 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 3 36 theme extracts 475:482 arg1 fingerprinting 430:443 the metabolic fingerprinting 416:443 the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS 416:598 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 5 37 theme endproducts 904:914 arg1 formation 872:880 the formation 868:880 the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) 868:921 Anti-glycation activity was evaluated by the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). 28990237 7 38 theme Griess 1157:1162 arg1 reaction 1164:1171 the Griess reaction 1153:1171 the Griess reaction 1153:1171 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production were measured by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. 28990237 3 39 theme anti-inflammatory 657:673 arg1 activities 689:698 their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities 613:698 their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities 613:698 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 8 40 from extracts 1217:1224 arg1 present 1202:1208 present 1202:1208 present 1202:1208 The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. 28990237 11 41 theme compounds 1885:1893 arg1 identification 1861:1874 the identification 1857:1874 the identification of known compounds 1857:1893 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 0 42 theme Biological 54:63 arg1 Activities 65:74 Biological Activities 54:74 Biological Activities of Byrsonima Species (Malpighiaceae) 54:111 Dereplication by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and Screening for Biological Activities of Byrsonima Species (Malpighiaceae). 28990237 11 43 theme chemical 1751:1758 arg1 composition 1760:1770 the chemical composition 1747:1770 the chemical composition of B. sericea 1747:1784 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 3 44 theme species 502:508 arg1 extracts 475:482 methanol and ethyl acetate extracts 448:482 methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) 448:576 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 10 45 from time 1628:1631 arg1 species 1648:1654 a Byrsonima species 1636:1654 a Byrsonima species 1636:1654 Two isomers of sinapic acid-O-hexoside were described for the first time in a Byrsonima species. 28990237 1 46 theme gastrointestinal 180:195 arg1 inflammations 215:227 gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations 180:227 inflammations 215:227 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species have been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites. 28990237 9 47 theme flavonoids 1425:1434 arg1 presence 1403:1410 the presence 1399:1410 the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins 1399:1557 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 6 48 theme murine 973:978 arg1 line 996:999 murine macrophage cell line 973:999 a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) 971:1011 Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28990237 6 48 theme murine 973:978 arg1 RAW 1002:1004 RAW 264-7 1002:1010 RAW 264-7 1002:1010 Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28990237 10 49 theme acid-O-hexoside 1583:1597 arg1 isomers 1564:1570 Two isomers 1560:1570 Two isomers of sinapic acid-O-hexoside 1560:1597 Two isomers of sinapic acid-O-hexoside were described for the first time in a Byrsonima species. 28990237 11 50 theme time-consuming 1903:1916 arg1 procedures 1918:1927 time-consuming procedures 1903:1927 time-consuming procedures 1903:1927 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 9 51 theme quinic 1467:1472 arg1 derivatives 1479:1489 quinic acid derivatives 1467:1489 quinic acid derivatives 1467:1489 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 6 52 theme Anti-inflammatory 924:940 arg1 activity 942:949 Anti-inflammatory activity 924:949 Anti-inflammatory activity 924:949 Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28990237 1 53 used used 155:158 arg2 species 137:143 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species 114:143 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species 114:143 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species have been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites. 28990237 7 54 theme nitrite 1099:1105 arg1 production 1115:1124 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production 1058:1124 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production 1058:1124 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production were measured by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. 28990237 9 55 attach derived 1443:1449 arg1 quercetin 1456:1464 quercetin 1456:1464 quercetin 1456:1464 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 9 55 attach derived 1443:1449 arg2 flavonoids 1425:1434 glycoside flavonoids 1415:1434 glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin 1415:1464 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 9 56 theme derivatives 1479:1489 arg1 presence 1403:1410 the presence 1399:1410 the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins 1399:1557 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 8 57 theme HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. 1257:1275 arg1 RESULTS 1277:1283 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts 1257:1364 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts 1257:1364 The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. 28990237 11 58 theme process 1839:1845 arg1 importance 1807:1816 the importance 1803:1816 the importance of the dereplication process 1803:1845 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 1 59 theme inflammations 215:227 arg1 treatment 167:175 the treatment 163:175 the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites 163:259 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species have been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites. 28990237 8 60 theme present 1202:1208 arg1 compounds 1192:1200 The compounds 1188:1200 The compounds present in the extracts 1188:1224 The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. 28990237 4 61 theme MATERIALS 701:709 arg1 activity 735:742 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity 701:742 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity 701:742 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH˙, ABTS˙+ and ROO˙ scavenging assays. 28990237 5 62 theme advanced 885:892 arg1 AGEs 917:920 AGEs 917:920 AGEs 917:920 Anti-glycation activity was evaluated by the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). 28990237 5 62 theme advanced 885:892 arg1 endproducts 904:914 advanced glycation endproducts 885:914 advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) 885:921 Anti-glycation activity was evaluated by the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). 28990237 7 63 theme factor 1074:1079 arg1 TNF-α 1088:1092 TNF-α 1088:1092 TNF-α 1088:1092 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production were measured by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. 28990237 7 63 theme factor 1074:1079 arg1 alpha 1081:1085 Tumour necrosis factor alpha 1058:1085 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 1058:1093 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production were measured by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. 28990237 9 64 theme galloylquinic 1517:1529 arg1 acids 1531:1535 galloylquinic acids 1517:1535 galloylquinic acids 1517:1535 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 6 65 theme cell 991:994 arg1 line 996:999 murine macrophage cell line 973:999 a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) 971:1011 Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28990237 6 65 theme cell 991:994 arg1 RAW 1002:1004 RAW 264-7 1002:1010 RAW 264-7 1002:1010 Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28990237 8 66 theme biological 1307:1316 arg1 activities 1318:1327 the biological activities 1303:1327 the biological activities 1303:1327 The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. 28990237 7 67 theme Tumour 1058:1063 arg1 TNF-α 1088:1092 TNF-α 1088:1092 TNF-α 1088:1092 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production were measured by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. 28990237 7 67 theme Tumour 1058:1063 arg1 alpha 1081:1085 Tumour necrosis factor alpha 1058:1085 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 1058:1093 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite (NO2- ) production were measured by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. 28990237 11 68 theme sericea 1778:1784 arg1 composition 1760:1770 the chemical composition 1747:1770 the chemical composition of B. sericea 1747:1784 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 0 69 theme Byrsonima 79:87 arg1 Species 89:95 Byrsonima Species 79:95 Byrsonima Species (Malpighiaceae) 79:111 Dereplication by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and Screening for Biological Activities of Byrsonima Species (Malpighiaceae). 28990237 0 69 theme Byrsonima 79:87 arg1 Malpighiaceae 98:110 Malpighiaceae 98:110 Malpighiaceae 98:110 Dereplication by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and Screening for Biological Activities of Byrsonima Species (Malpighiaceae). 28990237 9 70 theme gallic 1492:1497 arg1 derivatives 1504:1514 gallic acid derivatives 1492:1514 gallic acid derivatives 1492:1514 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 4 71 theme METHODS 715:721 arg1 activity 735:742 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity 701:742 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity 701:742 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH˙, ABTS˙+ and ROO˙ scavenging assays. 28990237 5 72 theme Anti-glycation 804:817 arg1 activity 819:826 Anti-glycation activity 804:826 Anti-glycation activity 804:826 Anti-glycation activity was evaluated by the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). 28990237 6 73 dep lipopolysaccharide 1032:1049 arg1 the 1016:1018 the 1016:1018 the 1016:1018 Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28990237 6 73 dep lipopolysaccharide 1032:1049 arg1 presence 1020:1027 presence 1020:1027 presence 1020:1027 Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264-7) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28990237 3 74 dep species 502:508 arg1 intermedia 514:523 B. intermedia 511:523 B. intermedia 511:523 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 3 74 dep species 502:508 arg1 coccolobifolia 529:542 B. coccolobifolia 526:542 B. coccolobifolia 526:542 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 3 74 dep species 502:508 arg1 verbascifolia 548:560 B. verbascifolia 545:560 B. verbascifolia 545:560 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 3 74 dep species 502:508 arg1 sericea 569:575 B. sericea 566:575 B. sericea 566:575 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 1 75 theme snakebites 250:259 arg1 treatment 167:175 the treatment 163:175 the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites 163:259 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species have been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites. 28990237 1 76 theme skin 230:233 arg1 infections 235:244 skin infections 230:244 skin infections 230:244 INTRODUCTION Byrsonima species have been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites. 28990237 3 77 theme acetate 467:473 arg1 extracts 475:482 methanol and ethyl acetate extracts 448:482 methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) 448:576 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 8 78 dep RESULTS 1277:1283 arg1 showed 1329:1334 showed 1329:1334 showed the potential of the extracts 1329:1364 The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. 28990237 4 79 theme ROO˙ 780:783 arg1 assays 796:801 ROO˙ scavenging assays 780:801 ROO˙ scavenging assays 780:801 MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH˙, ABTS˙+ and ROO˙ scavenging assays. 28990237 3 80 theme Byrsonima 492:500 arg1 species 502:508 four Byrsonima species 487:508 four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) 487:576 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 9 81 theme derivatives 1504:1514 arg1 presence 1403:1410 the presence 1399:1410 the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins 1399:1557 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 3 82 theme metabolic 420:428 arg1 fingerprinting 430:443 the metabolic fingerprinting 416:443 the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS 416:598 OBJECTIVES To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. 28990237 11 83 theme known 1879:1883 arg1 compounds 1885:1893 known compounds 1879:1893 known compounds 1879:1893 CONCLUSION This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time-consuming procedures. 28990237 9 84 theme glycoside 1415:1423 arg1 flavonoids 1425:1434 glycoside flavonoids 1415:1434 glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin 1415:1464 The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. 28990237 5 85 theme glycation 894:902 arg1 AGEs 917:920 AGEs 917:920 AGEs 917:920 Anti-glycation activity was evaluated by the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). 28990237 5 85 theme glycation 894:902 arg1 endproducts 904:914 advanced glycation endproducts 885:914 advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) 885:921 Anti-glycation activity was evaluated by the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). 27823625 10 0 theme RESULTS 1501:1507 arg1 EHSG 1509:1512 RESULTS EHSG 1501:1512 RESULTS EHSG 1501:1512 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 2 1 theme diseases 361:368 arg1 treatment 338:346 treatment 338:346 treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation 338:397 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 5 2 theme study 673:677 arg1 aim 654:656 The aim 650:656 The aim of the present study 650:677 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 10 3 theme anti-inflammatory 1531:1547 arg1 activity 1549:1556 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1524:1556 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1524:1556 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 2 4 theme Ethnobotanical 166:179 arg1 studies 181:187 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies 155:187 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus 155:207 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 7 5 theme edema 1099:1103 arg1 model 1105:1109 a carrageenan-induced paw edema model 1073:1109 a carrageenan-induced paw edema model 1073:1109 Systemic effects of the extract were studied in a TPA-induced ear edema model, as well as in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. 27823625 5 6 theme acute 812:816 arg1 inflammation 834:845 acute or chronic skin inflammation 812:845 acute or chronic skin inflammation 812:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 6 7 theme EHSG 888:891 arg1 effects 877:883 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects 848:883 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects of EHSG 848:891 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects of EHSG were evaluated in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced edema in the ear. 27823625 15 8 link pro-inflammatory-derived 2308:2331 arg1 diseases 2338:2345 pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases 2308:2345 pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases 2308:2345 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 10 9 theme acute 1584:1588 arg1 models 1602:1607 acute and chronic models 1584:1607 acute and chronic models 1584:1607 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 11 10 theme oral 1802:1805 arg1 treatment 1807:1815 oral treatment 1802:1815 oral treatment in both ear and paw edema models 1802:1848 Similar anti-inflammatory effects were found following oral treatment in both ear and paw edema models. 27823625 7 11 theme carrageenan-induced 1075:1093 arg1 model 1105:1109 a carrageenan-induced paw edema model 1073:1109 a carrageenan-induced paw edema model 1073:1109 Systemic effects of the extract were studied in a TPA-induced ear edema model, as well as in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. 27823625 14 12 with treatments 2045:2054 arg1 EHSG 2061:2064 EHSG 2061:2064 EHSG 2061:2064 Multiple treatments with EHSG failed to induce adverse effects when evaluated in the skin atrophy model and bone marrow genotoxicity test. 27823625 2 13 theme folk 320:323 arg1 medicine 325:332 folk medicine 320:332 folk medicine 320:332 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 9 14 theme skin 1436:1439 arg1 model 1449:1453 the skin atrophy model 1432:1453 the skin atrophy model 1432:1453 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 2 15 used used 245:248 arg2 drugs 286:290 therapeutic drugs 274:290 therapeutic drugs 274:290 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 2 15 used used 245:248 arg2 species 226:232 many species 221:232 many species 221:232 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 5 16 theme inflammation 834:845 arg1 models 802:807 mouse models 796:807 mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation 796:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 5 17 dep glandulatum 767:777 arg1 leaves 786:791 leaves 786:791 leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation 786:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 8 18 theme ear 1260:1262 arg1 model 1270:1274 the TPA-induced ear edema model 1244:1274 the TPA-induced ear edema model 1244:1274 To gain insight into the mechanism by which EHSG blocked inflammation, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) using the TPA-induced ear edema model and also measured specific binding in a glucocorticoid assay. 27823625 11 19 theme ear 1825:1827 arg1 models 1843:1848 both ear and paw edema models 1820:1848 both ear and paw edema models 1820:1848 Similar anti-inflammatory effects were found following oral treatment in both ear and paw edema models. 27823625 8 20 theme glucocorticoid 1208:1221 arg1 GR 1234:1235 GR 1234:1235 GR 1234:1235 To gain insight into the mechanism by which EHSG blocked inflammation, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) using the TPA-induced ear edema model and also measured specific binding in a glucocorticoid assay. 27823625 8 20 theme glucocorticoid 1208:1221 arg1 receptors 1223:1231 glucocorticoid receptors 1208:1231 glucocorticoid receptors (GR) 1208:1236 To gain insight into the mechanism by which EHSG blocked inflammation, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) using the TPA-induced ear edema model and also measured specific binding in a glucocorticoid assay. 27823625 10 21 theme chronic 1594:1600 arg1 models 1602:1607 acute and chronic models 1584:1607 acute and chronic models 1584:1607 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 1 22 theme receptor-dependent 127:144 arg1 pathway 146:152 a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway 110:152 a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway 110:152 Pax displays potent anti-inflammatory activities through a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway. 27823625 6 23 theme -induced 953:960 arg1 edema 962:966 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced edema 911:966 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced edema in the ear 911:977 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects of EHSG were evaluated in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced edema in the ear. 27823625 7 24 theme edema 1046:1050 arg1 model 1052:1056 a TPA-induced ear edema model 1028:1056 a TPA-induced ear edema model 1028:1056 Systemic effects of the extract were studied in a TPA-induced ear edema model, as well as in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. 27823625 2 25 theme therapeutic 274:284 arg1 species 226:232 many species 221:232 many species 221:232 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 2 25 theme therapeutic 274:284 arg1 drugs 286:290 therapeutic drugs 274:290 therapeutic drugs 274:290 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 7 26 theme extract 1004:1010 arg1 effects 989:995 Systemic effects 980:995 Systemic effects of the extract 980:1010 Systemic effects of the extract were studied in a TPA-induced ear edema model, as well as in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. 27823625 8 27 theme specific 1294:1301 arg1 binding 1303:1309 specific binding 1294:1309 specific binding 1294:1309 To gain insight into the mechanism by which EHSG blocked inflammation, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) using the TPA-induced ear edema model and also measured specific binding in a glucocorticoid assay. 27823625 3 28 from interest 412:419 arg1 study 428:432 the study 424:432 the study of the pharmacological properties 424:466 This raises interest in the study of the pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition of these plants. 27823625 15 29 theme GR 2410:2411 arg1 pathway 2413:2419 the GR pathway 2406:2419 the GR pathway 2406:2419 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 9 30 theme comet 1488:1492 arg1 assay 1494:1498 the alkaline comet assay 1475:1498 the alkaline comet assay 1475:1498 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 4 31 theme biological 519:528 arg1 properties 530:539 The biological properties 515:539 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, 515:599 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, has not been reported in the literature. 27823625 14 32 theme skin 2121:2124 arg1 model 2134:2138 the skin atrophy model 2117:2138 the skin atrophy model 2117:2138 Multiple treatments with EHSG failed to induce adverse effects when evaluated in the skin atrophy model and bone marrow genotoxicity test. 27823625 7 33 theme Systemic 980:987 arg1 effects 989:995 Systemic effects 980:995 Systemic effects of the extract 980:1010 Systemic effects of the extract were studied in a TPA-induced ear edema model, as well as in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. 27823625 8 34 theme glucocorticoid 1316:1329 arg1 assay 1331:1335 a glucocorticoid assay 1314:1335 a glucocorticoid assay 1314:1335 To gain insight into the mechanism by which EHSG blocked inflammation, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) using the TPA-induced ear edema model and also measured specific binding in a glucocorticoid assay. 27823625 11 35 theme Similar 1747:1753 arg1 effects 1773:1779 Similar anti-inflammatory effects 1747:1779 Similar anti-inflammatory effects 1747:1779 Similar anti-inflammatory effects were found following oral treatment in both ear and paw edema models. 27823625 5 36 theme extract 749:755 arg1 action 720:725 the anti-inflammatory action 698:725 the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation 698:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 10 37 theme leukocyte 1641:1649 arg1 migration 1651:1659 leukocyte migration 1641:1659 leukocyte migration 1641:1659 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 5 38 theme Sapium 760:765 arg1 EHSG 780:783 EHSG 780:783 EHSG 780:783 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 5 38 theme Sapium 760:765 arg1 glandulatum 767:777 Sapium glandulatum 760:777 Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation 760:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 1 39 theme potent 66:71 arg1 activities 91:100 potent anti-inflammatory activities 66:100 potent anti-inflammatory activities 66:100 Pax displays potent anti-inflammatory activities through a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway. 27823625 14 40 dep model 2134:2138 arg1 test 2169:2172 genotoxicity test 2156:2172 genotoxicity test 2156:2172 Multiple treatments with EHSG failed to induce adverse effects when evaluated in the skin atrophy model and bone marrow genotoxicity test. 27823625 14 41 theme adverse 2083:2089 arg1 effects 2091:2097 adverse effects 2083:2097 adverse effects 2083:2097 Multiple treatments with EHSG failed to induce adverse effects when evaluated in the skin atrophy model and bone marrow genotoxicity test. 27823625 0 42 theme Hydroalcoholic 0:13 arg1 Vell 46:49 Vell 46:49 Vell 46:49 Hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (Vell.) 27823625 0 42 theme Hydroalcoholic 0:13 arg1 extract 15:21 Hydroalcoholic extract 0:21 Hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (Vell.) 0:51 Hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (Vell.) 27823625 15 43 theme anti-inflammatory 2254:2270 arg1 compounds 2277:2285 anti-inflammatory tool compounds 2254:2285 anti-inflammatory tool compounds 2254:2285 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 12 44 theme leukocyte 1892:1900 arg1 migration 1902:1910 leukocyte migration 1892:1910 leukocyte migration 1892:1910 Strikingly, the EHSG-induced blockade of leukocyte migration was reversed by mifepristone, a GR antagonist. 27823625 5 45 theme chronic 821:827 arg1 inflammation 834:845 acute or chronic skin inflammation 812:845 acute or chronic skin inflammation 812:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 4 46 theme southern 584:591 arg1 Brazil 593:598 southern Brazil 584:598 southern Brazil 584:598 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, has not been reported in the literature. 27823625 2 47 theme genus 203:207 arg1 studies 181:187 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies 155:187 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus 155:207 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 0 48 theme glandulatum 33:43 arg1 Vell 46:49 Vell 46:49 Vell 46:49 Hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (Vell.) 27823625 0 48 theme glandulatum 33:43 arg1 extract 15:21 Hydroalcoholic extract 0:21 Hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (Vell.) 0:51 Hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (Vell.) 27823625 9 49 theme Possible 1338:1345 arg1 effects 1355:1361 Possible adverse effects 1338:1361 Possible adverse effects of EHSG 1338:1369 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 6 50 theme Topical 869:875 arg1 effects 877:883 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects 848:883 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects of EHSG 848:891 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects of EHSG were evaluated in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced edema in the ear. 27823625 4 51 theme glandulatum 551:561 arg1 properties 530:539 The biological properties 515:539 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, 515:599 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, has not been reported in the literature. 27823625 6 52 from edema 962:966 arg1 ear 975:977 the ear 971:977 the ear 971:977 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects of EHSG were evaluated in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced edema in the ear. 27823625 2 53 theme different 351:359 arg1 inflammation 386:397 skin inflammation 381:397 skin inflammation 381:397 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 2 53 theme different 351:359 arg1 diseases 361:368 different diseases 351:368 different diseases 351:368 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 6 54 theme STUDY 848:852 arg1 effects 877:883 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects 848:883 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects of EHSG 848:891 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects of EHSG were evaluated in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced edema in the ear. 27823625 2 55 used used 312:315 arg2 they 296:299 they 296:299 they 296:299 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 9 56 with treatments 1401:1410 arg1 extract 1421:1427 the extract 1417:1427 the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear 1417:1464 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 9 56 with treatments 1401:1410 arg1 assay 1494:1498 the alkaline comet assay 1475:1498 the alkaline comet assay 1475:1498 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 10 57 theme pro-inflammatory 1683:1698 arg1 cytokines 1700:1708 expression pro-inflammatory cytokines 1672:1708 expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α 1672:1730 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 10 57 theme pro-inflammatory 1683:1698 arg1 IL-6 1717:1720 IL-6 1717:1720 IL-6 1717:1720 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 10 57 theme pro-inflammatory 1683:1698 arg1 IL-1β 1710:1714 IL-1β 1710:1714 IL-1β 1710:1714 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 10 57 theme pro-inflammatory 1683:1698 arg1 TNF-α 1726:1730 TNF-α 1726:1730 TNF-α 1726:1730 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 9 58 theme EHSG 1366:1369 arg1 effects 1355:1361 Possible adverse effects 1338:1361 Possible adverse effects of EHSG 1338:1369 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 10 59 theme potent 1524:1529 arg1 activity 1549:1556 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1524:1556 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1524:1556 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 13 60 theme binding 1984:1990 arg1 assay 1992:1996 a specific binding assay 1973:1996 a specific binding assay 1973:1996 Additionally, a specific binding assay revealed that ESGH interacts with GR. 27823625 2 61 theme skin 381:384 arg1 inflammation 386:397 skin inflammation 381:397 skin inflammation 381:397 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 9 62 from extract 1421:1427 arg1 model 1449:1453 the skin atrophy model 1432:1453 the skin atrophy model 1432:1453 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 9 62 from extract 1421:1427 arg1 ear 1462:1464 the ear 1458:1464 the ear 1458:1464 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 15 63 theme potential 2234:2242 arg1 EHSG 2224:2227 EHSG 2224:2227 EHSG 2224:2227 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 15 63 theme potential 2234:2242 arg1 source 2244:2249 a potential source 2232:2249 a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases 2232:2345 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 10 64 dep models 1602:1607 arg1 inhibiting 1610:1619 inhibiting 1610:1619 inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue 1610:1744 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 9 65 theme multiple 1392:1399 arg1 treatments 1401:1410 multiple treatments 1392:1410 multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay 1392:1498 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 5 66 theme present 665:671 arg1 study 673:677 the present study 661:677 the present study 661:677 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 15 67 theme compounds 2277:2285 arg1 EHSG 2224:2227 EHSG 2224:2227 EHSG 2224:2227 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 15 67 theme compounds 2277:2285 arg1 part 2396:2399 part 2396:2399 part 2396:2399 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 15 67 theme compounds 2277:2285 arg1 source 2244:2249 a potential source 2232:2249 a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases 2232:2345 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 11 68 theme edema 1837:1841 arg1 models 1843:1848 both ear and paw edema models 1820:1848 both ear and paw edema models 1820:1848 Similar anti-inflammatory effects were found following oral treatment in both ear and paw edema models. 27823625 7 69 theme paw 1095:1097 arg1 model 1105:1109 a carrageenan-induced paw edema model 1073:1109 a carrageenan-induced paw edema model 1073:1109 Systemic effects of the extract were studied in a TPA-induced ear edema model, as well as in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. 27823625 8 70 theme receptors 1223:1231 arg1 role 1200:1203 the role 1196:1203 the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) 1196:1236 To gain insight into the mechanism by which EHSG blocked inflammation, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) using the TPA-induced ear edema model and also measured specific binding in a glucocorticoid assay. 27823625 2 71 theme BACKGROUND 155:164 arg1 studies 181:187 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies 155:187 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus 155:207 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 11 72 from treatment 1807:1815 arg1 models 1843:1848 both ear and paw edema models 1820:1848 both ear and paw edema models 1820:1848 Similar anti-inflammatory effects were found following oral treatment in both ear and paw edema models. 27823625 14 73 theme genotoxicity 2156:2167 arg1 test 2169:2172 genotoxicity test 2156:2172 genotoxicity test 2156:2172 Multiple treatments with EHSG failed to induce adverse effects when evaluated in the skin atrophy model and bone marrow genotoxicity test. 27823625 5 74 theme anti-inflammatory 702:718 arg1 action 720:725 the anti-inflammatory action 698:725 the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation 698:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 5 75 theme skin 829:832 arg1 inflammation 834:845 acute or chronic skin inflammation 812:845 acute or chronic skin inflammation 812:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 14 76 theme atrophy 2126:2132 arg1 model 2134:2138 the skin atrophy model 2117:2138 the skin atrophy model 2117:2138 Multiple treatments with EHSG failed to induce adverse effects when evaluated in the skin atrophy model and bone marrow genotoxicity test. 27823625 14 77 theme bone 2144:2147 arg1 marrow 2149:2154 bone marrow 2144:2154 bone marrow 2144:2154 Multiple treatments with EHSG failed to induce adverse effects when evaluated in the skin atrophy model and bone marrow genotoxicity test. 27823625 2 78 theme several 253:259 arg1 countries 261:269 several countries 253:269 several countries 253:269 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 8 79 theme TPA-induced 1248:1258 arg1 model 1270:1274 the TPA-induced ear edema model 1244:1274 the TPA-induced ear edema model 1244:1274 To gain insight into the mechanism by which EHSG blocked inflammation, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) using the TPA-induced ear edema model and also measured specific binding in a glucocorticoid assay. 27823625 15 80 theme action 2369:2374 arg1 mechanism 2356:2364 its mechanism 2352:2364 its mechanism of action 2352:2374 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 7 81 theme TPA-induced 1030:1040 arg1 model 1052:1056 a TPA-induced ear edema model 1028:1056 a TPA-induced ear edema model 1028:1056 Systemic effects of the extract were studied in a TPA-induced ear edema model, as well as in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. 27823625 12 82 theme GR 1944:1945 arg1 antagonist 1947:1956 a GR antagonist 1942:1956 a GR antagonist 1942:1956 Strikingly, the EHSG-induced blockade of leukocyte migration was reversed by mifepristone, a GR antagonist. 27823625 12 82 theme GR 1944:1945 arg1 mifepristone 1928:1939 mifepristone 1928:1939 mifepristone 1928:1939 Strikingly, the EHSG-induced blockade of leukocyte migration was reversed by mifepristone, a GR antagonist. 27823625 8 83 theme edema 1264:1268 arg1 model 1270:1274 the TPA-induced ear edema model 1244:1274 the TPA-induced ear edema model 1244:1274 To gain insight into the mechanism by which EHSG blocked inflammation, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) using the TPA-induced ear edema model and also measured specific binding in a glucocorticoid assay. 27823625 7 84 theme ear 1042:1044 arg1 model 1052:1056 a TPA-induced ear edema model 1028:1056 a TPA-induced ear edema model 1028:1056 Systemic effects of the extract were studied in a TPA-induced ear edema model, as well as in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. 27823625 11 85 theme paw 1833:1835 arg1 edema 1837:1841 paw edema 1833:1841 paw edema 1833:1841 Similar anti-inflammatory effects were found following oral treatment in both ear and paw edema models. 27823625 5 86 theme glandulatum 767:777 arg1 extract 749:755 the hydroalcoholic extract 730:755 the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation 730:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 9 87 theme atrophy 1441:1447 arg1 model 1449:1453 the skin atrophy model 1432:1453 the skin atrophy model 1432:1453 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 9 88 theme alkaline 1479:1486 arg1 assay 1494:1498 the alkaline comet assay 1475:1498 the alkaline comet assay 1475:1498 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 15 89 theme skin 2333:2336 arg1 diseases 2338:2345 pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases 2308:2345 pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases 2308:2345 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 4 90 theme Sapium 544:549 arg1 glandulatum 551:561 Sapium glandulatum 544:561 Sapium glandulatum 544:561 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, has not been reported in the literature. 27823625 4 90 theme Sapium 544:549 arg1 species 573:579 a native species 564:579 a native species of southern Brazil 564:598 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, has not been reported in the literature. 27823625 5 91 theme hydroalcoholic 734:747 arg1 extract 749:755 the hydroalcoholic extract 730:755 the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation 730:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 3 92 theme plants 507:512 arg1 composition 486:496 phytochemical composition 472:496 phytochemical composition of these plants 472:512 This raises interest in the study of the pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition of these plants. 27823625 3 92 theme plants 507:512 arg1 interest 412:419 interest 412:419 interest in the study of the pharmacological properties 412:466 This raises interest in the study of the pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition of these plants. 27823625 11 93 theme anti-inflammatory 1755:1771 arg1 effects 1773:1779 Similar anti-inflammatory effects 1747:1779 Similar anti-inflammatory effects 1747:1779 Similar anti-inflammatory effects were found following oral treatment in both ear and paw edema models. 27823625 3 94 theme properties 457:466 arg1 study 428:432 the study 424:432 the study of the pharmacological properties 424:466 This raises interest in the study of the pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition of these plants. 27823625 12 95 theme migration 1902:1910 arg1 blockade 1880:1887 the EHSG-induced blockade 1863:1887 the EHSG-induced blockade of leukocyte migration 1863:1910 Strikingly, the EHSG-induced blockade of leukocyte migration was reversed by mifepristone, a GR antagonist. 27823625 1 96 theme anti-inflammatory 73:89 arg1 activities 91:100 potent anti-inflammatory activities 66:100 potent anti-inflammatory activities 66:100 Pax displays potent anti-inflammatory activities through a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway. 27823625 10 97 theme edema 1621:1625 arg1 formation 1627:1635 edema formation 1621:1635 edema formation 1621:1635 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 0 98 theme Sapium 26:31 arg1 glandulatum 33:43 Sapium glandulatum 26:43 Sapium glandulatum 26:43 Hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (Vell.) 27823625 15 99 theme tool 2272:2275 arg1 compounds 2277:2285 anti-inflammatory tool compounds 2254:2285 anti-inflammatory tool compounds 2254:2285 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 4 100 theme Brazil 593:598 arg1 glandulatum 551:561 Sapium glandulatum 544:561 Sapium glandulatum 544:561 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, has not been reported in the literature. 27823625 4 100 theme Brazil 593:598 arg1 species 573:579 a native species 564:579 a native species of southern Brazil 564:598 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, has not been reported in the literature. 27823625 10 101 dep cytokines 1700:1708 arg1 cytokines 1700:1708 expression pro-inflammatory cytokines 1672:1708 expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α 1672:1730 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 10 101 dep cytokines 1700:1708 arg1 IL-6 1717:1720 IL-6 1717:1720 IL-6 1717:1720 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 10 101 dep cytokines 1700:1708 arg1 IL-1β 1710:1714 IL-1β 1710:1714 IL-1β 1710:1714 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 10 101 dep cytokines 1700:1708 arg1 TNF-α 1726:1730 TNF-α 1726:1730 TNF-α 1726:1730 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 12 102 theme EHSG-induced 1867:1878 arg1 blockade 1880:1887 the EHSG-induced blockade 1863:1887 the EHSG-induced blockade of leukocyte migration 1863:1910 Strikingly, the EHSG-induced blockade of leukocyte migration was reversed by mifepristone, a GR antagonist. 27823625 3 103 theme pharmacological 441:455 arg1 properties 457:466 the pharmacological properties 437:466 the pharmacological properties 437:466 This raises interest in the study of the pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition of these plants. 27823625 2 104 theme Sapium 196:201 arg1 genus 203:207 the Sapium genus 192:207 the Sapium genus 192:207 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 3 105 theme phytochemical 472:484 arg1 composition 486:496 phytochemical composition 472:496 phytochemical composition of these plants 472:512 This raises interest in the study of the pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition of these plants. 27823625 5 106 theme mouse 796:800 arg1 models 802:807 mouse models 796:807 mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation 796:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 9 107 theme adverse 1347:1353 arg1 effects 1355:1361 Possible adverse effects 1338:1361 Possible adverse effects of EHSG 1338:1369 Possible adverse effects of EHSG were evaluated after multiple treatments with the extract in the skin atrophy model on the ear and with the alkaline comet assay. 27823625 6 108 theme DESIGN/METHODS 854:867 arg1 effects 877:883 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects 848:883 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects of EHSG 848:891 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Topical effects of EHSG were evaluated in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced edema in the ear. 27823625 5 109 dep PURPOSE 642:648 arg1 was 679:681 was 679:681 was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation 679:845 PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapium glandulatum (EHSG) leaves in mouse models of acute or chronic skin inflammation. 27823625 4 110 theme native 566:571 arg1 glandulatum 551:561 Sapium glandulatum 544:561 Sapium glandulatum 544:561 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, has not been reported in the literature. 27823625 4 110 theme native 566:571 arg1 species 573:579 a native species 564:579 a native species of southern Brazil 564:598 The biological properties of Sapium glandulatum, a native species of southern Brazil, has not been reported in the literature. 27823625 14 111 theme Multiple 2036:2043 arg1 treatments 2045:2054 Multiple treatments 2036:2054 Multiple treatments with EHSG 2036:2064 Multiple treatments with EHSG failed to induce adverse effects when evaluated in the skin atrophy model and bone marrow genotoxicity test. 27823625 3 112 from composition 486:496 arg1 study 428:432 the study 424:432 the study of the pharmacological properties 424:466 This raises interest in the study of the pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition of these plants. 27823625 2 113 theme many 221:224 arg1 species 226:232 many species 221:232 many species 221:232 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 2 113 theme many 221:224 arg1 drugs 286:290 therapeutic drugs 274:290 therapeutic drugs 274:290 BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies of the Sapium genus reveal that many species are widely used in several countries as therapeutic drugs and they are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of different diseases, including skin inflammation. 27823625 13 114 theme specific 1975:1982 arg1 assay 1992:1996 a specific binding assay 1973:1996 a specific binding assay 1973:1996 Additionally, a specific binding assay revealed that ESGH interacts with GR. 27823625 10 115 theme expression 1672:1681 arg1 cytokines 1700:1708 expression pro-inflammatory cytokines 1672:1708 expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α 1672:1730 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 10 115 theme expression 1672:1681 arg1 IL-6 1717:1720 IL-6 1717:1720 IL-6 1717:1720 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 10 115 theme expression 1672:1681 arg1 IL-1β 1710:1714 IL-1β 1710:1714 IL-1β 1710:1714 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 10 115 theme expression 1672:1681 arg1 TNF-α 1726:1730 TNF-α 1726:1730 TNF-α 1726:1730 RESULTS EHSG presented potent anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in acute and chronic models, inhibiting edema formation and leukocyte migration as well as expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the tissue. 27823625 15 116 theme diseases 2338:2345 arg1 treatment 2295:2303 the treatment 2291:2303 the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases 2291:2345 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 27823625 15 117 theme pro-inflammatory-derived 2308:2331 arg1 diseases 2338:2345 pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases 2308:2345 pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases 2308:2345 CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that EHSG is a potential source of anti-inflammatory tool compounds for the treatment of pro-inflammatory-derived skin diseases, and its mechanism of action may be, at least in part, via the GR pathway. 24158943 11 0 from present 2116:2122 arg1 strain 2127:2132 strain MP203 2127:2138 strain MP203 2127:2138 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 10 1 theme major 1934:1938 arg1 acids 1946:1950 The major fatty acids 1930:1950 The major fatty acids 1930:1950 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso A-C(15 : 1). 24158943 10 1 theme major 1934:1938 arg1 anteiso-C 1957:1965 anteiso-C 1957:1965 anteiso-C 1957:1965 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso A-C(15 : 1). 24158943 14 2 theme phylogenetic 2507:2518 arg1 position 2520:2527 phylogenetic position 2507:2527 phylogenetic position 2507:2527 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 6 3 theme CCTCC 1323:1327 arg1 209077 1332:1337 Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077 1295:1337 Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077 1295:1337 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 14 4 theme related 2391:2397 arg1 genera 2399:2404 phylogenetically related genera 2374:2404 phylogenetically related genera 2374:2404 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 6 5 theme ± 1567:1567 arg1 % 1573:1573 12.4 ± 5.1 % 1562:1573 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD) 1562:1585 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 6 5 theme ± 1567:1567 arg1 SD 1583:1584 mean ± SD 1576:1584 mean ± SD 1576:1584 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 14 6 theme characteristics 2487:2501 arg1 terms 2441:2445 terms 2441:2445 terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position 2441:2527 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 8 7 theme amino 1853:1857 arg1 2 1806:1806 2 1806:1806 2 1806:1806 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 7 theme amino 1853:1857 arg1 acid 1859:1862 a diagnostic amino acid 1840:1862 a diagnostic amino acid 1840:1862 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 0 8 theme Glaciihabitans 0:13 arg1 nov. 31:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 0:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 0:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov., sp. 24158943 17 9 theme  = KCTC 2744:2750 arg1 T 2758:2758 T 2758:2758 T 2758:2758 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 17 9 theme  = KCTC 2744:2750 arg1 29148 2752:2756  = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148 2725:2756  = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T) 2725:2759 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 3 10 theme psychrophila 645:656 arg1 T 668:668 CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 610:738 T 668:668 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 13 11 theme lipid 2314:2318 arg1 extracts 2320:2327 the polar lipid extracts 2304:2327 the polar lipid extracts 2304:2327 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 17 12 theme T 2742:2742 arg1 T 2758:2758 T 2758:2758 T 2758:2758 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 17 12 theme T 2742:2742 arg1 29148 2752:2756  = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148 2725:2756  = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T) 2725:2759 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 2 13 theme strain 231:236 arg1 T 244:244 T 244:244 T 244:244 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 2 13 theme strain 231:236 arg1 MP203 238:242 strain MP203 231:242 strain MP203(T) 231:245 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 15 14 theme name 2603:2606 arg1 nov. 2639:2642 the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 2599:2642 the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 2599:2642 Thus, the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov., sp. 24158943 15 15 theme tibetensis 2623:2632 arg1 nov. 2639:2642 the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 2599:2642 the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 2599:2642 Thus, the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov., sp. 24158943 3 16 theme 18951 662:666 arg1 T 668:668 CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 610:738 T 668:668 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 2 17 attach isolated 252:259 arg2 bacterium 209:217 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium 141:217 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium 141:217 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 2 17 attach isolated 252:259 arg1 water 270:274 ice water 266:274 ice water of Midui Glacier 266:291 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 4 18 theme phylogenetic 764:775 arg1 tree 777:780 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree 741:780 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree 741:780 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that strain MP203(T) clustered with nine genera of the family Microbacteriaceae, namely Frigoribacterium, Compostimonas, Marisediminicola, Alpinimonas, Frondihabitans, Clavibacter, Subtercola, Klugiella and Agreia. 24158943 6 19 theme JCM 1493:1495 arg1 18951 1497:1501 Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951 1468:1501 Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951 1468:1501 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 17 20 dep MP203 2715:2719 arg1 T 2758:2758 T 2758:2758 T 2758:2758 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 17 20 dep MP203 2715:2719 arg1 29148 2752:2756  = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148 2725:2756  = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T) 2725:2759 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 1 21 theme glacier 122:128 arg1 water 134:138 glacier ice water 122:138 glacier ice water 122:138 nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from glacier ice water. 24158943 6 22 theme Alpinimonas 1468:1478 arg1 18951 1497:1501 Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951 1468:1501 Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951 1468:1501 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 17 23 theme tibetensis 2701:2710 arg1 MP203 2715:2719 MP203 2715:2719 MP203 2715:2719 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 17 23 theme tibetensis 2701:2710 arg1 strain 2676:2681 The type strain 2667:2681 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis 2667:2710 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 14 24 theme genus 2586:2590 arg1 species 2569:2575 a novel species 2561:2575 a novel species of a new genus 2561:2590 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 13 25 theme unknown 2272:2278 arg1 lipids 2280:2285 four unknown lipids 2267:2285 four unknown lipids 2267:2285 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 6 26 theme hybridization 1213:1225 arg1 results 1227:1233 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1205:1233 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1205:1233 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 7 27 theme mol 1646:1648 arg1 content 1610:1616 The G+C content 1602:1616 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1602:1635 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.1 mol%. 24158943 7 27 theme mol 1646:1648 arg1 % 1649:1649 64.1 mol% 1641:1649 64.1 mol% 1641:1649 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.1 mol%. 24158943 3 28 with T 668:668 arg1 similarities 677:688 similarities 677:688 similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 677:738 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 10 29 theme anteiso 1994:2000 arg1 A-C 2002:2004 anteiso A-C(15 : 1) 1994:2012 anteiso A-C(15 : 1) 1994:2012 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso A-C(15 : 1). 24158943 11 30 attach present 2116:2122 arg2 compound 2026:2033 An unusual compound 2015:2033 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) 2015:2105 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 30 attach present 2116:2122 arg1 strain 2127:2132 strain MP203 2127:2138 strain MP203 2127:2138 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 30 attach present 2116:2122 arg2 present 2116:2122 present 2116:2122 present 2116:2122 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 30 attach present 2116:2122 arg2 T 2140:2140 T 2140:2140 T 2140:2140 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 3 31 theme gene 389:392 arg1 analysis 403:410 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 380:410 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 380:410 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 5 32 theme Microbacteriaceae 1186:1202 arg1 lineage 1164:1170 any existing generic lineage 1143:1170 any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae 1143:1202 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 5 32 theme Microbacteriaceae 1186:1202 arg1 T 1136:1136 T 1136:1136 T 1136:1136 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 5 32 theme Microbacteriaceae 1186:1202 arg1 MP203 1130:1134 strain MP203 1123:1134 strain MP203(T) 1123:1137 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 3 33 theme 16S 380:382 arg1 analysis 403:410 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 380:410 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 380:410 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 8 34 theme peptidoglycan 1710:1722 arg1 -D-Glu-D-DAB 1781:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 34 theme peptidoglycan 1710:1722 arg1 structure 1724:1732 the peptidoglycan structure 1706:1732 the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) 1706:1751 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 7 35 theme genomic 1625:1631 arg1 DNA 1633:1635 the genomic DNA 1621:1635 the genomic DNA 1621:1635 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.1 mol%. 24158943 6 36 theme suwonensis 1439:1448 arg1 KACC 1450:1453 Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354 1425:1459 Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) 1425:1462 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 6 36 theme suwonensis 1439:1448 arg1 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 8 37 theme type 1761:1764 arg1 -D-Glu-D-DAB 1781:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 37 theme type 1761:1764 arg1 structure 1724:1732 the peptidoglycan structure 1706:1732 the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) 1706:1751 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 5 38 theme existing 1147:1154 arg1 lineage 1164:1170 any existing generic lineage 1143:1170 any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae 1143:1202 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 0 39 theme gen. 26:29 arg1 nov. 31:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 0:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 0:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov., sp. 24158943 1 40 theme Microbacteriaceae 89:105 arg1 bacterium 65:73 a psychrotolerant bacterium 47:73 a psychrotolerant bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae 47:105 nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from glacier ice water. 24158943 1 40 theme Microbacteriaceae 89:105 arg1 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from glacier ice water. 24158943 8 41 theme Gly[l-Hse 1771:1779 arg1 -D-Glu-D-DAB 1781:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 41 theme Gly[l-Hse 1771:1779 arg1 structure 1724:1732 the peptidoglycan structure 1706:1732 the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) 1706:1751 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 42 theme MP203 1744:1748 arg1 -D-Glu-D-DAB 1781:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 42 theme MP203 1744:1748 arg1 structure 1724:1732 the peptidoglycan structure 1706:1732 the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) 1706:1751 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 7 43 theme G+C 1606:1608 arg1 % 1649:1649 64.1 mol% 1641:1649 64.1 mol% 1641:1649 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.1 mol%. 24158943 7 43 theme G+C 1606:1608 arg1 content 1610:1616 The G+C content 1602:1616 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1602:1635 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.1 mol%. 24158943 4 44 theme Microbacteriaceae 854:870 arg1 genera 833:838 nine genera 828:838 nine genera of the family Microbacteriaceae, namely Frigoribacterium, Compostimonas, Marisediminicola, Alpinimonas, Frondihabitans, Clavibacter, Subtercola, Klugiella and Agreia 828:1004 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that strain MP203(T) clustered with nine genera of the family Microbacteriaceae, namely Frigoribacterium, Compostimonas, Marisediminicola, Alpinimonas, Frondihabitans, Clavibacter, Subtercola, Klugiella and Agreia. 24158943 2 45 theme Gram-stain-positive 143:161 arg1 bacterium 209:217 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium 141:217 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium 141:217 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 5 46 theme bootstrap 1016:1024 arg1 analysis 1026:1033 bootstrap analysis 1016:1033 bootstrap analysis 1016:1033 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 8 47 contain containing 1795:1804 arg2 acid 1826:1829 4-diaminobutyric acid 1809:1829 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) 1809:1835 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 47 contain containing 1795:1804 arg1 -D-Glu-D-DAB 1781:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 47 contain containing 1795:1804 arg1 structure 1724:1732 the peptidoglycan structure 1706:1732 the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) 1706:1751 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 47 contain containing 1795:1804 arg2 2 1806:1806 2 1806:1806 2 1806:1806 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 47 contain containing 1795:1804 arg2 acid 1859:1862 a diagnostic amino acid 1840:1862 a diagnostic amino acid 1840:1862 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 2 48 theme Tibet 296:300 arg1 China 321:325 China 321:325 China 321:325 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 2 48 theme Tibet 296:300 arg1 Region 313:318 Tibet Autonomous Region 296:318 Tibet Autonomous Region 296:318 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 3 49 dep Frigoribacterium 539:554 arg1 mesophilum 556:565 mesophilum 556:565 mesophilum 556:565 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 6 50 theme ± 1581:1581 arg1 % 1573:1573 12.4 ± 5.1 % 1562:1573 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD) 1562:1585 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 6 50 theme ± 1581:1581 arg1 SD 1583:1584 mean ± SD 1576:1584 mean ± SD 1576:1584 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 17 51 theme  = CGMCC 2725:2732 arg1 T 2758:2758 T 2758:2758 T 2758:2758 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 17 51 theme  = CGMCC 2725:2732 arg1 29148 2752:2756  = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148 2725:2756  = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T) 2725:2759 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 3 52 theme AB 616:617 arg1 T 626:626 CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 610:738 T 626:626 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 14 53 theme position 2520:2527 arg1 terms 2441:2445 terms 2441:2445 terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position 2441:2527 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 6 54 theme AB 1329:1330 arg1 209077 1332:1337 Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077 1295:1337 Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077 1295:1337 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 2 55 dep Gram-stain-positive 143:161 arg1 aerobic 164:170 aerobic 164:170 aerobic 164:170 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 2 55 dep Gram-stain-positive 143:161 arg1 short-rod-shaped 192:207 short-rod-shaped 192:207 short-rod-shaped 192:207 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 2 55 dep Gram-stain-positive 143:161 arg1 non-spore-forming 173:189 non-spore-forming 173:189 non-spore-forming 173:189 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 14 56 from distinguishable 2353:2367 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 2420:2436 the family Microbacteriaceae 2409:2436 the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position 2409:2527 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 2 57 theme ice 266:268 arg1 water 270:274 ice water 266:274 ice water of Midui Glacier 266:291 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 6 58 theme antarctica 1312:1321 arg1 209077 1332:1337 Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077 1295:1337 Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077 1295:1337 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 14 59 theme chemotaxonomic 2472:2485 arg1 characteristics 2487:2501 its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 2450:2501 its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 2450:2501 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 11 60 located present 2116:2122 arg2 compound 2026:2033 An unusual compound 2015:2033 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) 2015:2105 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 60 located present 2116:2122 arg1 strain 2127:2132 strain MP203 2127:2138 strain MP203 2127:2138 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 60 located present 2116:2122 arg2 present 2116:2122 present 2116:2122 present 2116:2122 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 60 located present 2116:2122 arg2 T 2140:2140 T 2140:2140 T 2140:2140 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 3 61 dep Compostimonas 499:511 arg1 KACC 524:527 KACC 13354 524:533 Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) 499:536 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 3 61 dep Compostimonas 499:511 arg1 T 535:535 T 535:535 T 535:535 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 3 61 dep Compostimonas 499:511 arg1 suwonensis 513:522 Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) 499:536 Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) 499:536 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 8 62 theme diagnostic 1842:1851 arg1 2 1806:1806 2 1806:1806 2 1806:1806 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 62 theme diagnostic 1842:1851 arg1 acid 1859:1862 a diagnostic amino acid 1840:1862 a diagnostic amino acid 1840:1862 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 14 63 theme physiological 2454:2466 arg1 characteristics 2487:2501 its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 2450:2501 its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 2450:2501 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 2 64 theme Glacier 285:291 arg1 water 270:274 ice water 266:274 ice water of Midui Glacier 266:291 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 13 65 theme unknown 2244:2250 arg1 glycolipid 2252:2261 one unknown glycolipid 2240:2261 one unknown glycolipid 2240:2261 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 10 66 theme fatty 1940:1944 arg1 acids 1946:1950 The major fatty acids 1930:1950 The major fatty acids 1930:1950 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso A-C(15 : 1). 24158943 10 66 theme fatty 1940:1944 arg1 anteiso-C 1957:1965 anteiso-C 1957:1965 anteiso-C 1957:1965 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso A-C(15 : 1). 24158943 3 67 theme JCM 658:660 arg1 T 668:668 CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 610:738 T 668:668 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 15 68 theme gen. 2634:2637 arg1 nov. 2639:2642 the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 2599:2642 the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 2599:2642 Thus, the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov., sp. 24158943 3 69 theme Alpinimonas 633:643 arg1 T 668:668 CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 610:738 T 668:668 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 14 70 from Microbacteriaceae 2420:2436 arg1 terms 2441:2445 terms 2441:2445 terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position 2441:2527 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 14 70 from Microbacteriaceae 2420:2436 arg1 distinguishable 2353:2367 distinguishable 2353:2367 distinguishable 2353:2367 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 15 71 theme Glaciihabitans 2608:2621 arg1 nov. 2639:2642 the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 2599:2642 the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 2599:2642 Thus, the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov., sp. 24158943 14 72 theme strain 2333:2338 arg1 T 2346:2346 T 2346:2346 T 2346:2346 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 14 72 theme strain 2333:2338 arg1 MP203 2340:2344 strain MP203 2333:2344 strain MP203(T) 2333:2347 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 14 73 theme family 2413:2418 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 2420:2436 the family Microbacteriaceae 2409:2436 the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position 2409:2527 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 13 74 located detected 2292:2299 arg2 glycolipid 2252:2261 one unknown glycolipid 2240:2261 one unknown glycolipid 2240:2261 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 13 74 located detected 2292:2299 arg2 DPG 2207:2209 DPG 2207:2209 DPG 2207:2209 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 13 74 located detected 2292:2299 arg2 lipids 2280:2285 four unknown lipids 2267:2285 four unknown lipids 2267:2285 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 13 74 located detected 2292:2299 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 2213:2232 phosphatidylglycerol 2213:2232 phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 2213:2237 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 13 74 located detected 2292:2299 arg1 extracts 2320:2327 the polar lipid extracts 2304:2327 the polar lipid extracts 2304:2327 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 13 74 located detected 2292:2299 arg2 PG 2235:2236 PG 2235:2236 PG 2235:2236 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 13 74 located detected 2292:2299 arg2 Diphosphatidylglycerol 2183:2204 Diphosphatidylglycerol 2183:2204 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) 2183:2210 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 9 75 theme cell-wall 1869:1877 arg1 rhamnose 1891:1898 rhamnose 1891:1898 rhamnose 1891:1898 The cell-wall sugars were rhamnose, ribose, mannose and glucose. 24158943 9 75 theme cell-wall 1869:1877 arg1 sugars 1879:1884 The cell-wall sugars 1865:1884 The cell-wall sugars 1865:1884 The cell-wall sugars were rhamnose, ribose, mannose and glucose. 24158943 14 76 from genera 2399:2404 arg1 distinguishable 2353:2367 distinguishable 2353:2367 distinguishable 2353:2367 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 3 77 dep NBRC 483:486 arg1 T 626:626 CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 610:738 T 626:626 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 3 77 dep NBRC 483:486 arg1 T 668:668 CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 610:738 T 668:668 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 6 78 dep Frigoribacterium 1382:1397 arg1 mesophilum 1399:1408 mesophilum 1399:1408 mesophilum 1399:1408 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 4 79 theme maximum-likelihood 745:762 arg1 tree 777:780 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree 741:780 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree 741:780 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that strain MP203(T) clustered with nine genera of the family Microbacteriaceae, namely Frigoribacterium, Compostimonas, Marisediminicola, Alpinimonas, Frondihabitans, Clavibacter, Subtercola, Klugiella and Agreia. 24158943 6 80 theme psychrophila 1480:1491 arg1 18951 1497:1501 Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951 1468:1501 Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951 1468:1501 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 11 81 theme unusual 2018:2024 arg1 T 2140:2140 T 2140:2140 T 2140:2140 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 81 theme unusual 2018:2024 arg1 present 2116:2122 present 2116:2122 present 2116:2122 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 81 theme unusual 2018:2024 arg1 compound 2026:2033 An unusual compound 2015:2033 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) 2015:2105 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 6 82 theme relatedness 1255:1265 arg1 levels 1245:1250 levels 1245:1250 levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) 1245:1504 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 6 83 theme KCTC 1410:1413 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 6 83 theme KCTC 1410:1413 arg1 19311 1415:1419 Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311 1382:1419 Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T) 1382:1422 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 1 84 theme ice 130:132 arg1 water 134:138 glacier ice water 122:138 glacier ice water 122:138 nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from glacier ice water. 24158943 11 85 theme anteiso-C 2049:2057 arg1 1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane 2072:2104 1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane 2072:2104 1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane 2072:2104 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 85 theme anteiso-C 2049:2057 arg1 -DMA 2066:2069 anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA 2049:2069 anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) 2049:2105 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 5 86 theme branching 1080:1088 arg1 pattern 1090:1096 the branching pattern 1076:1096 the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae 1076:1202 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 5 87 theme linage 1105:1110 arg1 pattern 1090:1096 the branching pattern 1076:1096 the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae 1076:1202 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 8 88 theme peptidoglycan 1678:1690 arg1 Analysis 1652:1659 Analysis 1652:1659 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1652:1690 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 89 theme cell-wall 1668:1676 arg1 peptidoglycan 1678:1690 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1664:1690 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1664:1690 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 6 90 theme Frigoribacterium 1382:1397 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 6 90 theme Frigoribacterium 1382:1397 arg1 19311 1415:1419 Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311 1382:1419 Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T) 1382:1422 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 5 91 theme strain 1123:1128 arg1 T 1136:1136 T 1136:1136 T 1136:1136 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 5 91 theme strain 1123:1128 arg1 MP203 1130:1134 strain MP203 1123:1134 strain MP203(T) 1123:1137 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 14 92 theme new 2582:2584 arg1 genus 2586:2590 a new genus 2580:2590 a new genus 2580:2590 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 15 93 dep sp 2645:2646 arg1 nov. 2639:2642 the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 2599:2642 the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 2599:2642 Thus, the name Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov., sp. 24158943 3 94 theme % 724:724 arg1 similarities 677:688 similarities 677:688 similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 677:738 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 11 95 dep present 2116:2122 arg1 T 2140:2140 T 2140:2140 T 2140:2140 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 95 dep present 2116:2122 arg1 present 2116:2122 present 2116:2122 present 2116:2122 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 95 dep present 2116:2122 arg1 compound 2026:2033 An unusual compound 2015:2033 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) 2015:2105 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 12 96 theme predominant 2148:2158 arg1 MK-10 2176:2180 MK-10 2176:2180 MK-10 2176:2180 The predominant menaquinone was MK-10. 24158943 12 96 theme predominant 2148:2158 arg1 menaquinone 2160:2170 The predominant menaquinone 2144:2170 The predominant menaquinone 2144:2170 The predominant menaquinone was MK-10. 24158943 6 97 theme DNA-DNA 1205:1211 arg1 results 1227:1233 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1205:1233 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1205:1233 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 7 98 theme DNA 1633:1635 arg1 % 1649:1649 64.1 mol% 1641:1649 64.1 mol% 1641:1649 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.1 mol%. 24158943 7 98 theme DNA 1633:1635 arg1 content 1610:1616 The G+C content 1602:1616 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1602:1635 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.1 mol%. 24158943 1 99 theme psychrotolerant 49:63 arg1 bacterium 65:73 a psychrotolerant bacterium 47:73 a psychrotolerant bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae 47:105 nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from glacier ice water. 24158943 1 99 theme psychrotolerant 49:63 arg1 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from glacier ice water. 24158943 8 100 theme B10 1757:1759 arg1 -D-Glu-D-DAB 1781:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 100 theme B10 1757:1759 arg1 structure 1724:1732 the peptidoglycan structure 1706:1732 the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) 1706:1751 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 5 101 theme family 1179:1184 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 1186:1202 the family Microbacteriaceae 1175:1202 the family Microbacteriaceae 1175:1202 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 3 102 theme sequence 394:401 arg1 analysis 403:410 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 380:410 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 380:410 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 0 103 theme tibetensis 15:24 arg1 nov. 31:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 0:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 0:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov., sp. 24158943 13 104 theme polar 2308:2312 arg1 extracts 2320:2327 the polar lipid extracts 2304:2327 the polar lipid extracts 2304:2327 Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 24158943 8 105 theme with 1766:1769 arg1 -D-Glu-D-DAB 1781:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB 1757:1792 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 105 theme with 1766:1769 arg1 structure 1724:1732 the peptidoglycan structure 1706:1732 the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) 1706:1751 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 3 106 dep °C. 376:378 arg1 showed 412:417 showed 412:417 showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 412:738 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 3 107 theme rRNA 384:387 arg1 analysis 403:410 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 380:410 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 380:410 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 8 108 theme strain 1737:1742 arg1 T 1750:1750 T 1750:1750 T 1750:1750 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 108 theme strain 1737:1742 arg1 MP203 1744:1748 strain MP203 1737:1748 strain MP203(T) 1737:1751 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 6 109 theme Compostimonas 1425:1437 arg1 KACC 1450:1453 Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354 1425:1459 Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) 1425:1462 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 6 109 theme Compostimonas 1425:1437 arg1 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 T 1461:1461 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 1 110 theme family 82:87 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 89:105 the family Microbacteriaceae 78:105 the family Microbacteriaceae 78:105 nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, isolated from glacier ice water. 24158943 3 111 theme KCTC 567:570 arg1 NBRC 483:486 NBRC 483:486 NBRC 483:486 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 3 111 theme KCTC 567:570 arg1 T 578:578 T 578:578 T 578:578 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 3 111 theme KCTC 567:570 arg1 19311 572:576 Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311 539:576 Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T) 539:579 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 5 112 theme generic 1156:1162 arg1 lineage 1164:1170 any existing generic lineage 1143:1170 any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae 1143:1202 However, bootstrap analysis showed that there was no significance in the branching pattern of the linage comprising strain MP203(T) and any existing generic lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. 24158943 3 113 theme strain 424:429 arg1 T 437:437 T 437:437 T 437:437 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 3 113 theme strain 424:429 arg1 MP203 431:435 strain MP203 424:435 strain MP203(T) 424:438 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 3 114 theme Frigoribacterium 539:554 arg1 NBRC 483:486 NBRC 483:486 NBRC 483:486 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 3 114 theme Frigoribacterium 539:554 arg1 T 578:578 T 578:578 T 578:578 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 3 114 theme Frigoribacterium 539:554 arg1 19311 572:576 Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311 539:576 Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T) 539:579 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 6 115 theme strain 1275:1280 arg1 T 1339:1339 T 1339:1339 T 1339:1339 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 6 115 theme strain 1275:1280 arg1 T 1288:1288 strain MP203(T) 1275:1289 strain MP203(T) 1275:1289 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 6 115 theme strain 1275:1280 arg1 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 11 116 from strain 2127:2132 arg1 T 2140:2140 T 2140:2140 T 2140:2140 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 116 from strain 2127:2132 arg1 present 2116:2122 present 2116:2122 present 2116:2122 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 11 116 from strain 2127:2132 arg1 compound 2026:2033 An unusual compound 2015:2033 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) 2015:2105 An unusual compound identified as anteiso-C(15 : 0)-DMA (1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane) was also present in strain MP203(T). 24158943 0 117 dep sp 37:38 arg1 nov. 31:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 0:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov. 0:34 Glaciihabitans tibetensis gen. nov., sp. 24158943 4 118 theme family 847:852 arg1 Compostimonas 898:910 Compostimonas 898:910 Compostimonas 898:910 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that strain MP203(T) clustered with nine genera of the family Microbacteriaceae, namely Frigoribacterium, Compostimonas, Marisediminicola, Alpinimonas, Frondihabitans, Clavibacter, Subtercola, Klugiella and Agreia. 24158943 4 118 theme family 847:852 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 854:870 the family Microbacteriaceae 843:870 the family Microbacteriaceae 843:870 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that strain MP203(T) clustered with nine genera of the family Microbacteriaceae, namely Frigoribacterium, Compostimonas, Marisediminicola, Alpinimonas, Frondihabitans, Clavibacter, Subtercola, Klugiella and Agreia. 24158943 4 118 theme family 847:852 arg1 Agreia 999:1004 Agreia 999:1004 Agreia 999:1004 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that strain MP203(T) clustered with nine genera of the family Microbacteriaceae, namely Frigoribacterium, Compostimonas, Marisediminicola, Alpinimonas, Frondihabitans, Clavibacter, Subtercola, Klugiella and Agreia. 24158943 4 118 theme family 847:852 arg1 Clavibacter 960:970 Clavibacter 960:970 Clavibacter 960:970 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that strain MP203(T) clustered with nine genera of the family Microbacteriaceae, namely Frigoribacterium, Compostimonas, Marisediminicola, Alpinimonas, Frondihabitans, Clavibacter, Subtercola, Klugiella and Agreia. 24158943 4 118 theme family 847:852 arg1 Alpinimonas 931:941 Alpinimonas 931:941 Alpinimonas 931:941 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that strain MP203(T) clustered with nine genera of the family Microbacteriaceae, namely Frigoribacterium, Compostimonas, Marisediminicola, Alpinimonas, Frondihabitans, Clavibacter, Subtercola, Klugiella and Agreia. 24158943 4 118 theme family 847:852 arg1 Klugiella 985:993 Klugiella 985:993 Klugiella 985:993 The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that strain MP203(T) clustered with nine genera of the family Microbacteriaceae, namely Frigoribacterium, Compostimonas, Marisediminicola, Alpinimonas, Frondihabitans, Clavibacter, Subtercola, Klugiella and Agreia. 24158943 2 119 theme Autonomous 302:311 arg1 China 321:325 China 321:325 China 321:325 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 2 119 theme Autonomous 302:311 arg1 Region 313:318 Tibet Autonomous Region 296:318 Tibet Autonomous Region 296:318 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MP203(T), was isolated from ice water of Midui Glacier in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. 24158943 8 120 theme 4-diaminobutyric 1809:1824 arg1 DAB 1832:1834 DAB 1832:1834 DAB 1832:1834 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 120 theme 4-diaminobutyric 1809:1824 arg1 2 1806:1806 2 1806:1806 2 1806:1806 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 8 120 theme 4-diaminobutyric 1809:1824 arg1 acid 1826:1829 4-diaminobutyric acid 1809:1829 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) 1809:1835 Analysis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan revealed that the peptidoglycan structure of strain MP203(T) was B10 type with Gly[l-Hse]-D-Glu-D-DAB, containing 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as a diagnostic amino acid. 24158943 17 121 theme type 2671:2674 arg1 MP203 2715:2719 MP203 2715:2719 MP203 2715:2719 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 17 121 theme type 2671:2674 arg1 strain 2676:2681 The type strain 2667:2681 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis 2667:2710 The type strain of Glaciihabitans tibetensis is MP203(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12484(T) = KCTC 29148(T)). 24158943 14 122 theme novel 2563:2567 arg1 species 2569:2575 a novel species 2561:2575 a novel species of a new genus 2561:2590 As strain MP203(T) was distinguishable from phylogenetically related genera in the family Microbacteriaceae in terms of its physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic position, it was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus. 24158943 3 123 with T 626:626 arg1 similarities 677:688 similarities 677:688 similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 677:738 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 6 124 theme mean 1576:1579 arg1 % 1573:1573 12.4 ± 5.1 % 1562:1573 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD) 1562:1585 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 6 124 theme mean 1576:1579 arg1 SD 1583:1584 mean ± SD 1576:1584 mean ± SD 1576:1584 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 24158943 3 125 theme CCTCC 610:614 arg1 T 626:626 CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively 610:738 T 626:626 The strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 0-25 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MP203(T) was most similar to Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T), with similarities of 97.4, 97.2, 97.2, 97.1 and 97.1%, respectively. 24158943 6 126 theme Marisediminicola 1295:1310 arg1 209077 1332:1337 Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077 1295:1337 Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077 1295:1337 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated levels of relatedness between strain MP203(T) and Marisediminicola antarctica CCTCC AB 209077(T), Frigoribacterium faeni NBRC 103066(T), Frigoribacterium mesophilum KCTC 19311(T), Compostimonas suwonensis KACC 13354(T) and Alpinimonas psychrophila JCM 18951(T) were 25.8 ± 7.3, 29.6 ± 7.6, 19.7 ± 6.7, 16.0 ± 4.2 and 12.4 ± 5.1 % (mean ± SD), respectively. 25769679 6 0 dep Fourier 838:844 arg1 Transform 846:854 Transform 846:854 Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) 846:884 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 7 1 theme drug 1104:1107 arg1 profiles 1117:1124 drug release profiles 1104:1124 Water uptake as well as drug release profiles 1080:1124 Water uptake as well as drug release profiles were also measured. 25769679 5 2 theme dialysis 821:828 arg1 method 830:835 a dialysis method 819:835 a dialysis method 819:835 Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. 25769679 11 3 theme different 1530:1538 arg1 processes 1554:1562 the different manufacturing processes 1526:1562 the different manufacturing processes employed 1526:1571 Particle size and encapsulation efficiency were mainly influenced by the different manufacturing processes employed. 25769679 6 4 theme electron 1053:1060 arg1 SEM 1074:1076 SEM 1074:1076 SEM 1074:1076 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 6 4 theme electron 1053:1060 arg1 microscopy 1062:1071 scanning electron microscopy 1044:1071 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1044:1077 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 7 5 theme release 1109:1115 arg1 profiles 1117:1124 drug release profiles 1104:1124 Water uptake as well as drug release profiles 1080:1124 Water uptake as well as drug release profiles were also measured. 25769679 13 6 theme good 1709:1712 arg1 activity 1727:1734 a good bactericidal activity 1707:1734 a good bactericidal activity against S. aureus 1707:1752 Moreover, they showed a good bactericidal activity against S. aureus. 25769679 5 7 theme correlation 718:728 arg1 PCS 744:746 PCS 744:746 PCS 744:746 Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. 25769679 5 7 theme correlation 718:728 arg1 spectroscopy 730:741 photon correlation spectroscopy 711:741 photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) 711:747 Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. 25769679 8 8 theme Antibacterial 1146:1158 arg1 activity 1160:1167 Antibacterial activity 1146:1167 Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive model strain, 1146:1228 Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive model strain, was evaluated. 25769679 0 9 theme alternative 94:104 arg1 methods 117:123 alternative processing methods 94:123 alternative processing methods 94:123 Chitosan based micro- and nanoparticles for colon-targeted delivery of vancomycin prepared by alternative processing methods. 25769679 11 10 theme manufacturing 1540:1552 arg1 processes 1554:1562 the different manufacturing processes 1526:1562 the different manufacturing processes employed 1526:1571 Particle size and encapsulation efficiency were mainly influenced by the different manufacturing processes employed. 25769679 12 11 theme water 1649:1653 arg1 uptake 1655:1660 water uptake 1649:1660 water uptake 1649:1660 Nanoparticles obtained by spray-drying showed the best results in terms of water uptake and drug release rate. 25769679 6 12 theme scanning 1044:1051 arg1 SEM 1074:1076 SEM 1074:1076 SEM 1074:1076 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 6 12 theme scanning 1044:1051 arg1 microscopy 1062:1071 scanning electron microscopy 1044:1071 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1044:1077 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 10 13 theme particle 1438:1445 arg1 surfaces 1447:1454 the particle surfaces 1434:1454 the particle surfaces 1434:1454 Moreover, the particles were found to hold a positive zeta-potential, indicating the presence of CH on the particle surfaces. 25769679 11 14 theme encapsulation 1475:1487 arg1 efficiency 1489:1498 encapsulation efficiency 1475:1498 encapsulation efficiency 1475:1498 Particle size and encapsulation efficiency were mainly influenced by the different manufacturing processes employed. 25769679 2 15 theme TPP 366:368 arg1 ratios 377:382 different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios 335:382 different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios 335:382 Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. 25769679 10 16 theme CH 1428:1429 arg1 presence 1416:1423 the presence 1412:1423 the presence of CH on the particle surfaces 1412:1454 Moreover, the particles were found to hold a positive zeta-potential, indicating the presence of CH on the particle surfaces. 25769679 2 17 theme Chitosan 246:253 arg1 NPs 295:297 NPs 295:297 NPs 295:297 Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. 25769679 2 17 theme Chitosan 246:253 arg1 MPs 271:273 MPs 271:273 MPs 271:273 Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. 25769679 2 17 theme Chitosan 246:253 arg1 microparticles 255:268 Chitosan microparticles 246:268 Chitosan microparticles (MPs) 246:274 Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. 25769679 2 18 theme CH/tripolyphosphate 345:363 arg1 ratios 377:382 different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios 335:382 different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios 335:382 Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. 25769679 13 19 theme bactericidal 1714:1725 arg1 activity 1727:1734 a good bactericidal activity 1707:1734 a good bactericidal activity against S. aureus 1707:1752 Moreover, they showed a good bactericidal activity against S. aureus. 25769679 9 20 dep VM 1306:1307 arg1 particles 1320:1328 particles 1320:1328 particles 1320:1328 FT-IR results suggested an electrostatic interaction between VM and CH/TPP particles. 25769679 7 21 theme Water 1080:1084 arg1 uptake 1086:1091 Water uptake 1080:1091 Water uptake as well as drug release profiles 1080:1124 Water uptake as well as drug release profiles were also measured. 25769679 2 22 theme different 335:343 arg1 ratios 377:382 different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios 335:382 different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios 335:382 Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. 25769679 2 23 theme technological 398:410 arg1 processes 412:420 different technological processes 388:420 different technological processes 388:420 Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. 25769679 5 24 theme size 689:692 arg1 distributions 694:706 size distributions 689:706 size distributions 689:706 Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. 25769679 10 25 theme positive 1376:1383 arg1 zeta-potential 1385:1398 a positive zeta-potential 1374:1398 a positive zeta-potential 1374:1398 Moreover, the particles were found to hold a positive zeta-potential, indicating the presence of CH on the particle surfaces. 25769679 12 26 theme uptake 1655:1660 arg1 terms 1640:1644 terms 1640:1644 terms of water uptake and drug release rate 1640:1682 Nanoparticles obtained by spray-drying showed the best results in terms of water uptake and drug release rate. 25769679 4 27 theme different 610:618 arg1 spray-dryer 620:630 a different spray-dryer 608:630 a different spray-dryer 608:630 Microparticles were prepared using a different spray-dryer. 25769679 2 28 theme different 388:396 arg1 processes 412:420 different technological processes 388:420 different technological processes 388:420 Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. 25769679 6 29 theme nanoparticles 954:966 arg1 composition 924:934 the surface composition 912:934 the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively 912:979 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 5 30 theme distributions 694:706 arg1 terms 680:684 terms 680:684 terms of size distributions 680:706 Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. 25769679 12 31 theme drug 1666:1669 arg1 rate 1679:1682 drug release rate 1666:1682 drug release rate 1666:1682 Nanoparticles obtained by spray-drying showed the best results in terms of water uptake and drug release rate. 25769679 12 32 theme release 1671:1677 arg1 rate 1679:1682 drug release rate 1666:1682 drug release rate 1666:1682 Nanoparticles obtained by spray-drying showed the best results in terms of water uptake and drug release rate. 25769679 1 33 theme particulate 182:192 arg1 formulations 194:205 chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations 162:205 chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations 162:205 The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations for colon delivery of vancomycin (VM). 25769679 8 34 theme model 1216:1220 arg1 strain 1222:1227 a Gram-positive model strain 1200:1227 a Gram-positive model strain 1200:1227 Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive model strain, was evaluated. 25769679 8 34 theme model 1216:1220 arg1 aureus 1192:1197 Staphylococcus aureus 1177:1197 Staphylococcus aureus 1177:1197 Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive model strain, was evaluated. 25769679 12 35 theme rate 1679:1682 arg1 terms 1640:1644 terms 1640:1644 terms of water uptake and drug release rate 1640:1682 Nanoparticles obtained by spray-drying showed the best results in terms of water uptake and drug release rate. 25769679 11 36 theme Particle 1457:1464 arg1 size 1466:1469 Particle size 1457:1469 Particle size 1457:1469 Particle size and encapsulation efficiency were mainly influenced by the different manufacturing processes employed. 25769679 2 37 theme molar 371:375 arg1 ratios 377:382 different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios 335:382 different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios 335:382 Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. 25769679 5 38 theme drug 774:777 arg1 efficiencies 787:798 drug loading efficiencies 774:798 drug loading efficiencies 774:798 Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. 25769679 6 39 theme micro- 943:948 arg1 composition 924:934 the surface composition 912:934 the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively 912:979 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 5 40 theme photon 711:716 arg1 PCS 744:746 PCS 744:746 PCS 744:746 Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. 25769679 5 40 theme photon 711:716 arg1 spectroscopy 730:741 photon correlation spectroscopy 711:741 photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) 711:747 Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. 25769679 6 41 theme Infrared 856:863 arg1 FT-IR 879:883 FT-IR 879:883 FT-IR 879:883 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 6 41 theme Infrared 856:863 arg1 Spectroscopy 865:876 Infrared Spectroscopy 856:876 Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) 856:884 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 5 42 theme loading 779:785 arg1 efficiencies 787:798 drug loading efficiencies 774:798 drug loading efficiencies 774:798 Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. 25769679 0 43 theme processing 106:115 arg1 methods 117:123 alternative processing methods 94:123 alternative processing methods 94:123 Chitosan based micro- and nanoparticles for colon-targeted delivery of vancomycin prepared by alternative processing methods. 25769679 8 44 theme Gram-positive 1202:1214 arg1 strain 1222:1227 a Gram-positive model strain 1200:1227 a Gram-positive model strain 1200:1227 Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive model strain, was evaluated. 25769679 8 44 theme Gram-positive 1202:1214 arg1 aureus 1192:1197 Staphylococcus aureus 1177:1197 Staphylococcus aureus 1177:1197 Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive model strain, was evaluated. 25769679 9 45 theme FT-IR 1245:1249 arg1 results 1251:1257 FT-IR results 1245:1257 FT-IR results 1245:1257 FT-IR results suggested an electrostatic interaction between VM and CH/TPP particles. 25769679 0 46 theme colon-targeted 44:57 arg1 delivery 59:66 colon-targeted delivery 44:66 colon-targeted delivery of vancomycin prepared by alternative processing methods 44:123 Chitosan based micro- and nanoparticles for colon-targeted delivery of vancomycin prepared by alternative processing methods. 25769679 3 47 theme spray-drying 552:563 arg1 method 565:570 spray-drying method 552:570 spray-drying method 552:570 In particular, nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation and freeze-drying to recover these particles, or, alternatively, by spray-drying method. 25769679 3 48 theme ionic 469:473 arg1 gelation 475:482 ionic gelation 469:482 ionic gelation 469:482 In particular, nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation and freeze-drying to recover these particles, or, alternatively, by spray-drying method. 25769679 12 49 theme best 1624:1627 arg1 results 1629:1635 the best results 1620:1635 the best results 1620:1635 Nanoparticles obtained by spray-drying showed the best results in terms of water uptake and drug release rate. 25769679 10 50 from presence 1416:1423 arg1 surfaces 1447:1454 the particle surfaces 1434:1454 the particle surfaces 1434:1454 Moreover, the particles were found to hold a positive zeta-potential, indicating the presence of CH on the particle surfaces. 25769679 1 51 theme colon 211:215 arg1 delivery 217:224 colon delivery 211:224 colon delivery of vancomycin (VM) 211:243 The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations for colon delivery of vancomycin (VM). 25769679 6 52 dep micro- 943:948 arg1 the 939:941 the 939:941 the 939:941 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 6 53 theme systems 1020:1026 arg1 morphologies 990:1001 the morphologies 986:1001 the morphologies of the developed systems 986:1026 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 0 54 theme vancomycin 71:80 arg1 delivery 59:66 colon-targeted delivery 44:66 colon-targeted delivery of vancomycin prepared by alternative processing methods 44:123 Chitosan based micro- and nanoparticles for colon-targeted delivery of vancomycin prepared by alternative processing methods. 25769679 9 55 theme electrostatic 1272:1284 arg1 interaction 1286:1296 an electrostatic interaction 1269:1296 an electrostatic interaction between VM and CH/TPP particles 1269:1328 FT-IR results suggested an electrostatic interaction between VM and CH/TPP particles. 25769679 1 56 dep based 176:180 arg1 CH 172:173 CH 172:173 CH 172:173 The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations for colon delivery of vancomycin (VM). 25769679 1 56 dep based 176:180 arg1 chitosan 162:169 chitosan 162:169 chitosan (CH) 162:174 The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations for colon delivery of vancomycin (VM). 25769679 1 57 theme based 176:180 arg1 formulations 194:205 chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations 162:205 chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations 162:205 The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations for colon delivery of vancomycin (VM). 25769679 1 58 theme work 142:145 arg1 aim 130:132 The aim 126:132 The aim of this work 126:145 The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations for colon delivery of vancomycin (VM). 25769679 6 59 theme developed 1010:1018 arg1 systems 1020:1026 the developed systems 1006:1026 the developed systems 1006:1026 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 6 60 theme surface 916:922 arg1 composition 924:934 the surface composition 912:934 the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively 912:979 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 25769679 10 61 attach presence 1416:1423 arg2 CH 1428:1429 CH 1428:1429 CH 1428:1429 Moreover, the particles were found to hold a positive zeta-potential, indicating the presence of CH on the particle surfaces. 25769679 10 61 attach presence 1416:1423 arg1 surfaces 1447:1454 the particle surfaces 1434:1454 the particle surfaces 1434:1454 Moreover, the particles were found to hold a positive zeta-potential, indicating the presence of CH on the particle surfaces. 25769679 1 62 theme vancomycin 229:238 arg1 delivery 217:224 colon delivery 211:224 colon delivery of vancomycin (VM) 211:243 The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations for colon delivery of vancomycin (VM). 25744581 10 0 theme phylogenetic 1017:1028 arg1 data 1030:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 973:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 973:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain KIS75-12T could be clearly distinguished from the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus. 25744581 10 1 theme combined 977:984 arg1 data 1030:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 973:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 973:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain KIS75-12T could be clearly distinguished from the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus. 25744581 9 2 theme strain 951:956 arg1 content 931:937 The genomic DNA G+C content 911:937 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain 911:956 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 9 2 theme strain 951:956 arg1 % 970:970 72.1 mol% 962:970 72.1 mol% 962:970 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 4 3 dep showed 384:389 arg1 revealed 479:486 revealed 479:486 revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names 479:576 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 4 3 dep showed 384:389 arg1 related 417:423 related 417:423 related 417:423 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 2 4 from located 155:161 arg1 Republic 181:188 Republic 181:188 Republic 181:188 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 2 5 attach isolated 96:103 arg2 KIS75-12T 85:93 KIS75-12T 85:93 KIS75-12T 85:93 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 2 5 attach isolated 96:103 arg1 sample 117:122 a soil sample 110:122 a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea 110:197 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 7 6 theme phosphatidylinositol 761:780 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 709:730 diphosphatidylglycerol 709:730 diphosphatidylglycerol 709:730 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 6 theme phosphatidylinositol 761:780 arg1 aminolipids 783:793 aminolipids 783:793 aminolipids 783:793 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 6 theme phosphatidylinositol 761:780 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 6 theme phosphatidylinositol 761:780 arg1 amounts 750:756 several small amounts 736:756 several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid 736:808 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 6 theme phosphatidylinositol 761:780 arg1 glycolipid 799:808 glycolipid 799:808 glycolipid 799:808 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 4 7 theme sequence 492:499 arg1 similarity 501:510 low sequence similarity 488:510 low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names 488:576 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 4 7 theme sequence 492:499 arg1 % 519:519 ≤94.7 % 513:519 ≤94.7 % 513:519 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 3 8 theme °C 322:323 arg1 pH 326:327 pH 4-9 326:331 pH 4-9 326:331 It grew between temperatures of 15-37 °C, pH 4-9 and 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25744581 3 8 theme °C 322:323 arg1 temperatures 300:311 temperatures 300:311 temperatures of 15-37 °C 300:323 It grew between temperatures of 15-37 °C, pH 4-9 and 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25744581 3 8 theme °C 322:323 arg1 NaCl 351:354 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl 337:354 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl 337:354 It grew between temperatures of 15-37 °C, pH 4-9 and 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25744581 4 9 theme Jatrophihabitans 428:443 arg1 S9-650T 458:464 Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T 428:464 Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T 428:464 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 8 10 theme peptidoglycan 884:896 arg1 type 898:901 the peptidoglycan type 880:901 the peptidoglycan type 880:901 The peptidoglycan contained meso-A2pm as diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan type is A4γ. 25744581 10 11 theme only 1104:1107 arg1 member 1109:1114 the only member 1100:1114 the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus 1100:1160 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain KIS75-12T could be clearly distinguished from the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus. 25744581 9 12 theme type 946:949 arg1 strain 951:956 the type strain 942:956 the type strain 942:956 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 10 13 theme chemotaxonomic 998:1011 arg1 data 1030:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 973:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 973:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain KIS75-12T could be clearly distinguished from the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus. 25744581 13 14 theme emended 1445:1451 arg1 description 1453:1463 An emended description 1442:1463 An emended description of the genus Jatrophihabitans 1442:1493 An emended description of the genus Jatrophihabitans is also given. 25744581 9 15 theme mol 967:969 arg1 % 970:970 72.1 mol% 962:970 72.1 mol% 962:970 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 9 15 theme mol 967:969 arg1 content 931:937 The genomic DNA G+C content 911:937 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain 911:956 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 12 16 theme 45908T 1399:1404 arg1 109658T 1413:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 16 theme 45908T 1399:1404 arg1 KIS75-12T 1367:1375 strain KIS75-12T 1360:1375 strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) 1360:1420 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 2 17 from Republic 181:188 arg1 located 155:161 located 155:161 located 155:161 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 11 18 theme name 1318:1321 arg1 sp 1345:1346 the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp 1314:1346 the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp 1314:1346 Therefore, the results of this study indicate the existence of a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 3 19 dep % 343:343 arg1 w/v 346:348 w/v 346:348 w/v 346:348 It grew between temperatures of 15-37 °C, pH 4-9 and 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25744581 10 20 theme genus 1123:1127 arg1 member 1109:1114 the only member 1100:1114 the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus 1100:1160 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain KIS75-12T could be clearly distinguished from the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus. 25744581 4 21 theme published 562:570 arg1 names 572:576 validly published names 554:576 validly published names 554:576 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 10 22 theme phenotypic 986:995 arg1 data 1030:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 973:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 973:1033 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain KIS75-12T could be clearly distinguished from the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus. 25744581 12 23 theme DSM 1395:1397 arg1 109658T 1413:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 23 theme DSM 1395:1397 arg1 KIS75-12T 1367:1375 strain KIS75-12T 1360:1375 strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) 1360:1420 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 10 24 dep genus 1123:1127 arg1 endophyticus 1149:1160 endophyticus 1149:1160 endophyticus 1149:1160 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain KIS75-12T could be clearly distinguished from the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus. 25744581 10 24 dep genus 1123:1127 arg1 J. 1146:1147 J. 1146:1147 J. 1146:1147 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain KIS75-12T could be clearly distinguished from the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus. 25744581 0 25 theme Jatrophihabitans 0:15 arg1 sp 22:23 Jatrophihabitans soli sp 0:23 Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 0:24 Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 7 26 theme several 736:742 arg1 aminolipids 783:793 aminolipids 783:793 aminolipids 783:793 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 26 theme several 736:742 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 26 theme several 736:742 arg1 amounts 750:756 several small amounts 736:756 several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid 736:808 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 26 theme several 736:742 arg1 glycolipid 799:808 glycolipid 799:808 glycolipid 799:808 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 0 27 theme soli 17:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Jatrophihabitans soli sp 0:23 Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 0:24 Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 2 28 theme soil 112:115 arg1 sample 117:122 a soil sample 110:122 a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea 110:197 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 7 29 theme polar 683:687 arg1 lipids 689:694 The polar lipids 679:694 The polar lipids 679:694 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 30 theme small 744:748 arg1 aminolipids 783:793 aminolipids 783:793 aminolipids 783:793 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 30 theme small 744:748 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 30 theme small 744:748 arg1 amounts 750:756 several small amounts 736:756 several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid 736:808 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 30 theme small 744:748 arg1 glycolipid 799:808 glycolipid 799:808 glycolipid 799:808 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 3 31 theme 0-3.0 337:341 arg1 % 343:343 % 343:343 % 343:343 It grew between temperatures of 15-37 °C, pH 4-9 and 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25744581 2 32 theme bacterial 56:64 arg1 aerobic 221:227 aerobic 221:227 aerobic 221:227 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 2 32 theme bacterial 56:64 arg1 rod 279:281 a short rod 271:281 a short rod 271:281 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 2 32 theme bacterial 56:64 arg1 strain 66:71 One bacterial strain 52:71 One bacterial strain 52:71 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 11 33 theme study 1194:1198 arg1 results 1178:1184 the results 1174:1184 the results of this study 1174:1198 Therefore, the results of this study indicate the existence of a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 11 34 theme representative 1228:1241 arg1 existence 1213:1221 the existence 1209:1221 the existence of a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp 1209:1346 Therefore, the results of this study indicate the existence of a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 2 35 dep aerobic 221:227 arg1 non-flagellated 251:265 non-flagellated 251:265 non-flagellated 251:265 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 2 35 dep aerobic 221:227 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 230:248 Gram-stain-positive 230:248 Gram-stain-positive 230:248 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 2 36 theme short 273:277 arg1 rod 279:281 a short rod 271:281 a short rod 271:281 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 2 36 theme short 273:277 arg1 strain 66:71 One bacterial strain 52:71 One bacterial strain 52:71 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 4 37 theme other 535:539 arg1 species 541:547 all the other species 527:547 all the other species 527:547 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 8 38 theme diamino 863:869 arg1 acid 871:874 diagnostic diamino acid 852:874 diagnostic diamino acid 852:874 The peptidoglycan contained meso-A2pm as diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan type is A4γ. 25744581 4 39 theme low 488:490 arg1 similarity 501:510 low sequence similarity 488:510 low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names 488:576 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 4 39 theme low 488:490 arg1 % 519:519 ≤94.7 % 513:519 ≤94.7 % 513:519 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 8 40 theme diagnostic 852:861 arg1 acid 871:874 diagnostic diamino acid 852:874 diagnostic diamino acid 852:874 The peptidoglycan contained meso-A2pm as diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan type is A4γ. 25744581 4 41 theme gene 370:373 arg1 analysis 375:382 The 16S rRNA gene analysis 357:382 The 16S rRNA gene analysis 357:382 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 11 42 theme soli 1340:1343 arg1 sp 1345:1346 the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp 1314:1346 the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp 1314:1346 Therefore, the results of this study indicate the existence of a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 13 43 theme Jatrophihabitans 1478:1493 arg1 description 1453:1463 An emended description 1442:1463 An emended description of the genus Jatrophihabitans 1442:1493 An emended description of the genus Jatrophihabitans is also given. 25744581 11 44 theme novel 1248:1252 arg1 species 1254:1260 a novel species 1246:1260 a novel species 1246:1260 Therefore, the results of this study indicate the existence of a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 11 45 theme Jatrophihabitans 1323:1338 arg1 sp 1345:1346 the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp 1314:1346 the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp 1314:1346 Therefore, the results of this study indicate the existence of a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 12 46 theme  = 1378:1379 arg1 109658T 1413:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 46 theme  = 1378:1379 arg1 KIS75-12T 1367:1375 strain KIS75-12T 1360:1375 strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) 1360:1420 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 4 47 theme rRNA 365:368 arg1 analysis 375:382 The 16S rRNA gene analysis 357:382 The 16S rRNA gene analysis 357:382 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 12 48 dep nov. 1349:1352 arg1 with 1355:1358 with 1355:1358 with 1355:1358 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 11 49 theme species 1254:1260 arg1 representative 1228:1241 a representative 1226:1241 a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp 1226:1346 Therefore, the results of this study indicate the existence of a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 12 50 theme type 1429:1432 arg1 strain 1434:1439 the type strain 1425:1439 the type strain 1425:1439 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 51 theme = 1393:1393 arg1 109658T 1413:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 51 theme = 1393:1393 arg1 KIS75-12T 1367:1375 strain KIS75-12T 1360:1375 strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) 1360:1420 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 52 theme 17298T 1386:1391 arg1 109658T 1413:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 52 theme 17298T 1386:1391 arg1 KIS75-12T 1367:1375 strain KIS75-12T 1360:1375 strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) 1360:1420 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 3 53 theme % 343:343 arg1 NaCl 351:354 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl 337:354 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl 337:354 It grew between temperatures of 15-37 °C, pH 4-9 and 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25744581 4 54 dep Jatrophihabitans 428:443 arg1 endophyticus 445:456 endophyticus 445:456 endophyticus 445:456 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 12 55 theme KACC 1381:1384 arg1 109658T 1413:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 55 theme KACC 1381:1384 arg1 KIS75-12T 1367:1375 strain KIS75-12T 1360:1375 strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) 1360:1420 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 2 56 theme Wonsando 139:146 arg1 island 148:153 Wonsando island 139:153 Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea 139:197 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 6 57 theme KIS75-12T 655:663 arg1 MK-9 669:672 MK-9 669:672 MK-9 669:672 The predominant menaquinone of strain KIS75-12T was MK-9(H4). 25744581 6 57 theme KIS75-12T 655:663 arg1 menaquinone 633:643 The predominant menaquinone 617:643 The predominant menaquinone of strain KIS75-12T 617:663 The predominant menaquinone of strain KIS75-12T was MK-9(H4). 25744581 2 58 theme located 155:161 arg1 island 148:153 Wonsando island 139:153 Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea 139:197 One bacterial strain, designated KIS75-12T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Wonsando island located in Boryeong city, Republic of Korea, was characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and a short rod. 25744581 9 59 theme DNA 923:925 arg1 content 931:937 The genomic DNA G+C content 911:937 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain 911:956 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 9 59 theme DNA 923:925 arg1 % 970:970 72.1 mol% 962:970 72.1 mol% 962:970 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 10 60 theme strain 1047:1052 arg1 KIS75-12T 1054:1062 strain KIS75-12T 1047:1062 strain KIS75-12T 1047:1062 The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain KIS75-12T could be clearly distinguished from the only member of the genus Jatrophihabitans,J. endophyticus. 25744581 5 61 theme major 583:587 arg1 acid 595:598 Its major fatty acid 579:598 Its major fatty acid 579:598 Its major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. 25744581 6 62 theme strain 648:653 arg1 KIS75-12T 655:663 strain KIS75-12T 648:663 strain KIS75-12T 648:663 The predominant menaquinone of strain KIS75-12T was MK-9(H4). 25744581 9 63 theme G+C 927:929 arg1 content 931:937 The genomic DNA G+C content 911:937 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain 911:956 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 9 63 theme G+C 927:929 arg1 % 970:970 72.1 mol% 962:970 72.1 mol% 962:970 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 4 64 dep related 417:423 arg1 % 472:472 97.7 % 467:472 97.7 % 467:472 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 5 65 theme fatty 589:593 arg1 acid 595:598 Its major fatty acid 579:598 Its major fatty acid 579:598 Its major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. 25744581 12 66 theme = 1406:1406 arg1 109658T 1413:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 66 theme = 1406:1406 arg1 KIS75-12T 1367:1375 strain KIS75-12T 1360:1375 strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) 1360:1420 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 67 dep KIS75-12T 1367:1375 arg1 strain 1434:1439 the type strain 1425:1439 the type strain 1425:1439 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 4 68 theme 16S 361:363 arg1 rRNA 365:368 The 16S rRNA 357:368 The 16S rRNA gene analysis 357:382 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 11 69 theme Jatrophihabitans 1275:1290 arg1 species 1254:1260 a novel species 1246:1260 a novel species 1246:1260 Therefore, the results of this study indicate the existence of a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 7 70 theme glycolipid 799:808 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 709:730 diphosphatidylglycerol 709:730 diphosphatidylglycerol 709:730 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 70 theme glycolipid 799:808 arg1 aminolipids 783:793 aminolipids 783:793 aminolipids 783:793 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 70 theme glycolipid 799:808 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 70 theme glycolipid 799:808 arg1 amounts 750:756 several small amounts 736:756 several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid 736:808 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 70 theme glycolipid 799:808 arg1 glycolipid 799:808 glycolipid 799:808 glycolipid 799:808 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 12 71 theme NBRC 1408:1411 arg1 109658T 1413:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 71 theme NBRC 1408:1411 arg1 KIS75-12T 1367:1375 strain KIS75-12T 1360:1375 strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) 1360:1420 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 11 72 theme genus 1269:1273 arg1 Jatrophihabitans 1275:1290 the genus Jatrophihabitans 1265:1290 the genus Jatrophihabitans 1265:1290 Therefore, the results of this study indicate the existence of a representative of a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which we propose the name Jatrophihabitans soli sp. 25744581 12 73 theme strain 1360:1365 arg1 109658T 1413:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419  = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T 1378:1419 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 12 73 theme strain 1360:1365 arg1 KIS75-12T 1367:1375 strain KIS75-12T 1360:1375 strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) 1360:1420 nov., with strain KIS75-12T ( = KACC 17298T = DSM 45908T = NBRC 109658T) as the type strain. 25744581 4 74 with similarity 501:510 arg1 species 541:547 all the other species 527:547 all the other species 527:547 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 4 74 with similarity 501:510 arg1 names 572:576 validly published names 554:576 validly published names 554:576 The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the strain was moderately related to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus S9-650T (97.7 %) and revealed low sequence similarity (≤94.7 %) with all the other species with validly published names. 25744581 6 75 theme predominant 621:631 arg1 MK-9 669:672 MK-9 669:672 MK-9 669:672 The predominant menaquinone of strain KIS75-12T was MK-9(H4). 25744581 6 75 theme predominant 621:631 arg1 menaquinone 633:643 The predominant menaquinone 617:643 The predominant menaquinone of strain KIS75-12T 617:663 The predominant menaquinone of strain KIS75-12T was MK-9(H4). 25744581 9 76 theme genomic 915:921 arg1 content 931:937 The genomic DNA G+C content 911:937 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain 911:956 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 9 76 theme genomic 915:921 arg1 % 970:970 72.1 mol% 962:970 72.1 mol% 962:970 The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 72.1 mol%. 25744581 13 77 theme genus 1472:1476 arg1 Jatrophihabitans 1478:1493 the genus Jatrophihabitans 1468:1493 the genus Jatrophihabitans 1468:1493 An emended description of the genus Jatrophihabitans is also given. 25744581 7 78 theme aminolipids 783:793 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 709:730 diphosphatidylglycerol 709:730 diphosphatidylglycerol 709:730 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 78 theme aminolipids 783:793 arg1 aminolipids 783:793 aminolipids 783:793 aminolipids 783:793 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 78 theme aminolipids 783:793 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 phosphatidylinositol 761:780 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 78 theme aminolipids 783:793 arg1 amounts 750:756 several small amounts 736:756 several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid 736:808 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 25744581 7 78 theme aminolipids 783:793 arg1 glycolipid 799:808 glycolipid 799:808 glycolipid 799:808 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and several small amounts of phosphatidylinositol, aminolipids and glycolipid. 24907266 10 0 theme name 1269:1272 arg1 sp 1295:1296 the name Domibacillus indicus sp 1265:1296 the name Domibacillus indicus sp 1265:1296 Results from polyphasic studies indicated that SD111(T) represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 10 1 dep Domibacillus 1274:1285 arg1 indicus 1287:1293 indicus 1287:1293 indicus 1287:1293 Results from polyphasic studies indicated that SD111(T) represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 2 2 theme m 335:335 arg1 depth 337:341 5 m depth 333:341 5 m depth 333:341 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 12 3 theme  = DSM 1360:1365 arg1 T 1373:1373 T 1373:1373 T 1373:1373 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 12 3 theme  = DSM 1360:1365 arg1 28032 1367:1371  = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032 1346:1371  = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T) 1346:1374 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 4 4 theme gene 481:484 arg1 similarity 495:504 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:504 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:504 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 5 5 theme 37.4 630:633 arg1 mol 635:637 mol 635:637 mol 635:637 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 4 6 dep showed 448:453 arg1 % 469:469 97.6 % 464:469 97.6 % 464:469 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 8 7 contain contained 1012:1020 arg1 wall 1007:1010 The cell wall 998:1010 The cell wall 998:1010 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the peptidoglycan was of A1γ type. 24907266 8 7 contain contained 1012:1020 arg2 peptidoglycan 1055:1067 the peptidoglycan 1051:1067 the peptidoglycan was of A1γ type 1051:1083 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the peptidoglycan was of A1γ type. 24907266 8 7 contain contained 1012:1020 arg2 acid 1042:1045 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1022:1045 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1022:1045 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the peptidoglycan was of A1γ type. 24907266 2 8 theme 5 333:333 arg1 m 335:335 m 335:335 m 335:335 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 4 9 theme rRNA 476:479 arg1 similarity 495:504 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:504 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:504 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 6 10 theme major 725:729 arg1 anteiso-C15  748:759 anteiso-C15  748:759 anteiso-C15  748:759 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and MK-6 was the predominant quinone. 24907266 6 10 theme major 725:729 arg1 acids 737:741 The major fatty acids 721:741 The major fatty acids 721:741 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and MK-6 was the predominant quinone. 24907266 7 11 theme SD111 874:878 arg1 profile 856:862 The polar lipid profile 840:862 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) 840:881 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 12 12 dep SD111 1336:1340 arg1 T 1373:1373 T 1373:1373 T 1373:1373 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 12 12 dep SD111 1336:1340 arg1 28032 1367:1371  = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032 1346:1371  = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T) 1346:1374 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 8 13 theme type 1080:1083 arg1 acid 1042:1045 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1022:1045 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1022:1045 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the peptidoglycan was of A1γ type. 24907266 8 13 theme type 1080:1083 arg1 peptidoglycan 1055:1067 the peptidoglycan 1051:1067 the peptidoglycan was of A1γ type 1051:1083 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the peptidoglycan was of A1γ type. 24907266 8 14 theme A1γ 1076:1078 arg1 type 1080:1083 A1γ type 1076:1083 A1γ type 1076:1083 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the peptidoglycan was of A1γ type. 24907266 4 15 theme sequence 486:493 arg1 similarity 495:504 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:504 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:504 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 5 16 theme genomic 602:608 arg1 content 618:624 The genomic DNA G+C content 598:624 The genomic DNA G+C content 598:624 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 5 16 theme genomic 602:608 arg1 % 638:638 37.4 mol% 630:638 37.4 mol% 630:638 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 2 17 theme Gram-stain-positive 135:153 arg1 bacterium 203:211 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 127:211 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies 127:272 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 10 18 from studies 1170:1176 arg1 Results 1146:1152 Results 1146:1152 Results from polyphasic studies 1146:1176 Results from polyphasic studies indicated that SD111(T) represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 8 19 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1022:1040 arg1 acid 1042:1045 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1022:1045 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1022:1045 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the peptidoglycan was of A1γ type. 24907266 8 20 theme cell 1002:1005 arg1 wall 1007:1010 The cell wall 998:1010 The cell wall 998:1010 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the peptidoglycan was of A1γ type. 24907266 12 21 theme 2255 1353:1356 arg1 T 1373:1373 T 1373:1373 T 1373:1373 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 12 21 theme 2255 1353:1356 arg1 28032 1367:1371  = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032 1346:1371  = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T) 1346:1374 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 5 22 theme robiginosus 695:705 arg1 DSM 707:709 D. robiginosus DSM 25058 692:715 D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T) 692:718 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 5 22 theme robiginosus 695:705 arg1 T 717:717 T 717:717 T 717:717 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 5 23 theme DNA 610:612 arg1 content 618:624 The genomic DNA G+C content 598:624 The genomic DNA G+C content 598:624 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 5 23 theme DNA 610:612 arg1 % 638:638 37.4 mol% 630:638 37.4 mol% 630:638 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 2 24 theme novel 129:133 arg1 bacterium 203:211 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 127:211 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies 127:272 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 7 25 theme strain 867:872 arg1 T 880:880 T 880:880 T 880:880 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 7 25 theme strain 867:872 arg1 SD111 874:878 strain SD111 867:878 strain SD111(T) 867:881 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 2 26 theme red-pigmented 251:263 arg1 colonies 265:272 red-pigmented colonies 251:272 red-pigmented colonies 251:272 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 4 27 theme WS 568:569 arg1 4628 571:574 Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628 543:574 Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)) 543:595 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 4 27 theme WS 568:569 arg1 T 576:576 T 576:576 T 576:576 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 2 28 dep Gram-stain-positive 135:153 arg1 aerobic 171:177 aerobic 171:177 aerobic 171:177 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 2 28 dep Gram-stain-positive 135:153 arg1 spore-forming 156:168 spore-forming 156:168 spore-forming 156:168 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 2 28 dep Gram-stain-positive 135:153 arg1 rod-shaped 192:201 rod-shaped 192:201 rod-shaped 192:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 2 28 dep Gram-stain-positive 135:153 arg1 non-motile 180:189 non-motile 180:189 non-motile 180:189 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 7 29 theme lipid 850:854 arg1 profile 856:862 The polar lipid profile 840:862 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) 840:881 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 10 30 theme polyphasic 1159:1168 arg1 studies 1170:1176 polyphasic studies 1159:1176 polyphasic studies 1159:1176 Results from polyphasic studies indicated that SD111(T) represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 2 31 theme sediment 301:308 arg1 sample 310:315 a marine sediment sample 292:315 a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) 292:342 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 12 32 theme T 1358:1358 arg1 T 1373:1373 T 1373:1373 T 1373:1373 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 12 32 theme T 1358:1358 arg1 28032 1367:1371  = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032 1346:1371  = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T) 1346:1374 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 6 33 theme fatty 731:735 arg1 anteiso-C15  748:759 anteiso-C15  748:759 anteiso-C15  748:759 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and MK-6 was the predominant quinone. 24907266 6 33 theme fatty 731:735 arg1 acids 737:741 The major fatty acids 721:741 The major fatty acids 721:741 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and MK-6 was the predominant quinone. 24907266 7 34 dep phospholipids 909:921 arg1 PL1 924:926 PL1 924:926 PL1 924:926 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 7 34 dep phospholipids 909:921 arg1 phospholipids 909:921 unidentified phospholipids 896:921 unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2) 896:935 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 7 34 dep phospholipids 909:921 arg1 PL2 932:934 PL2 932:934 PL2 932:934 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 2 35 theme marine 294:299 arg1 sample 310:315 a marine sediment sample 292:315 a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) 292:342 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 0 36 theme indicus 28:34 arg1 sp 36:37 Domibacillus indicus sp 15:37 Domibacillus indicus sp 15:37 Description of Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 1 37 attach isolated 46:53 arg1 ocean 60:64 ocean 60:64 ocean 60:64 nov., isolated from ocean sediments and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 24907266 1 37 attach isolated 46:53 arg2 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov., isolated from ocean sediments and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 24907266 5 38 theme DNA-DNA 669:675 arg1 relatedness 677:687 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness 662:687 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness 662:687 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 0 39 theme Domibacillus 15:26 arg1 sp 36:37 Domibacillus indicus sp 15:37 Domibacillus indicus sp 15:37 Description of Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 4 40 theme 16S 472:474 arg1 similarity 495:504 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:504 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:504 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 7 41 theme polar 844:848 arg1 profile 856:862 The polar lipid profile 840:862 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) 840:881 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 4 42 theme  = DSM 580:585 arg1 T 593:593 T 593:593 T 593:593 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 4 42 theme  = DSM 580:585 arg1 25058 587:591  = DSM 25058 580:591  = DSM 25058(T) 580:594 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 12 43 theme  = MCC 1346:1351 arg1 T 1373:1373 T 1373:1373 T 1373:1373 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 12 43 theme  = MCC 1346:1351 arg1 28032 1367:1371  = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032 1346:1371  = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T) 1346:1374 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 5 44 theme 37.7  662:666 arg1 % 667:667 % 667:667 % 667:667 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 7 45 theme unidentified 896:907 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 938:957 phosphatidylglycerol 938:957 phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 938:962 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 7 45 theme unidentified 896:907 arg1 PL1 924:926 PL1 924:926 PL1 924:926 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 7 45 theme unidentified 896:907 arg1 phospholipids 909:921 unidentified phospholipids 896:921 unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2) 896:935 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 7 45 theme unidentified 896:907 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 968:989 diphosphatidylglycerol 968:989 diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) 968:995 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 7 45 theme unidentified 896:907 arg1 PL2 932:934 PL2 932:934 PL2 932:934 The polar lipid profile of strain SD111(T) consisted of unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). 24907266 3 46 theme optimum 424:430 arg1 pH 415:416 pH 6-10 415:421 pH 6-10 (optimum pH 7.5±0.2) 415:442 Strain SD111(T) grew well on seawater agar at pH 6-10 (optimum pH 7.5±0.2). 24907266 3 46 theme optimum 424:430 arg1 pH 432:433 optimum pH 7.5±0.2 424:441 optimum pH 7.5±0.2 424:441 Strain SD111(T) grew well on seawater agar at pH 6-10 (optimum pH 7.5±0.2). 24907266 0 47 theme sp 36:37 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Domibacillus indicus sp. 0:38 Description of Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 10 48 theme novel 1215:1219 arg1 species 1221:1227 a novel species 1213:1227 a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus indicus sp 1213:1296 Results from polyphasic studies indicated that SD111(T) represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 4 49 dep Domibacillus 543:554 arg1 robiginosus 556:566 robiginosus 556:566 robiginosus 556:566 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 5 50 theme D. 692:693 arg1 DSM 707:709 D. robiginosus DSM 25058 692:715 D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T) 692:718 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 5 50 theme D. 692:693 arg1 T 717:717 T 717:717 T 717:717 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 3 51 theme seawater 398:405 arg1 agar 407:410 seawater agar 398:410 seawater agar 398:410 Strain SD111(T) grew well on seawater agar at pH 6-10 (optimum pH 7.5±0.2). 24907266 2 52 attach isolated 278:285 arg2 bacterium 203:211 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 127:211 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies 127:272 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 2 52 attach isolated 278:285 arg1 sample 310:315 a marine sediment sample 292:315 a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) 292:342 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 2 52 attach isolated 278:285 arg1 India 362:366 India 362:366 India 362:366 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 2 53 theme strain 224:229 arg1 SD111 231:235 strain SD111 224:235 strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies 224:272 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 2 53 theme strain 224:229 arg1 T 237:237 T 237:237 T 237:237 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain SD111(T) that forms red-pigmented colonies was isolated from a marine sediment sample (collected from 5 m depth) from Lakshadweep, India. 24907266 3 54 theme Strain 369:374 arg1 T 382:382 T 382:382 T 382:382 Strain SD111(T) grew well on seawater agar at pH 6-10 (optimum pH 7.5±0.2). 24907266 3 54 theme Strain 369:374 arg1 SD111 376:380 Strain SD111 369:380 Strain SD111(T) 369:383 Strain SD111(T) grew well on seawater agar at pH 6-10 (optimum pH 7.5±0.2). 24907266 12 55 theme type 1321:1324 arg1 SD111 1336:1340 SD111 1336:1340 SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)) 1336:1375 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 12 55 theme type 1321:1324 arg1 strain 1326:1331 The type strain 1317:1331 The type strain 1317:1331 The type strain is SD111(T) ( = MCC 2255(T) = DSM 28032(T)). 24907266 1 56 theme genus 107:111 arg1 Domibacillus 113:124 the genus Domibacillus 103:124 the genus Domibacillus 103:124 nov., isolated from ocean sediments and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 24907266 10 57 theme Domibacillus 1242:1253 arg1 species 1221:1227 a novel species 1213:1227 a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus indicus sp 1213:1296 Results from polyphasic studies indicated that SD111(T) represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 1 58 theme Domibacillus 113:124 arg1 description 88:98 and emended description 76:98 description 88:98 nov., isolated from ocean sediments and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 24907266 9 59 theme major 1122:1126 arg1 sugars 1138:1143 major cell-wall sugars 1122:1143 major cell-wall sugars 1122:1143 Glucose and ribose were detected as major cell-wall sugars. 24907266 9 59 theme major 1122:1126 arg1 Glucose 1086:1092 Glucose 1086:1092 Glucose 1086:1092 Glucose and ribose were detected as major cell-wall sugars. 24907266 9 59 theme major 1122:1126 arg1 ribose 1098:1103 ribose 1098:1103 ribose 1098:1103 Glucose and ribose were detected as major cell-wall sugars. 24907266 10 60 theme genus 1236:1240 arg1 Domibacillus 1242:1253 the genus Domibacillus 1232:1253 the genus Domibacillus 1232:1253 Results from polyphasic studies indicated that SD111(T) represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 9 61 theme cell-wall 1128:1136 arg1 sugars 1138:1143 major cell-wall sugars 1122:1143 major cell-wall sugars 1122:1143 Glucose and ribose were detected as major cell-wall sugars. 24907266 9 61 theme cell-wall 1128:1136 arg1 Glucose 1086:1092 Glucose 1086:1092 Glucose 1086:1092 Glucose and ribose were detected as major cell-wall sugars. 24907266 9 61 theme cell-wall 1128:1136 arg1 ribose 1098:1103 ribose 1098:1103 ribose 1098:1103 Glucose and ribose were detected as major cell-wall sugars. 24907266 5 62 theme G+C 614:616 arg1 content 618:624 The genomic DNA G+C content 598:624 The genomic DNA G+C content 598:624 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 5 62 theme G+C 614:616 arg1 % 638:638 37.4 mol% 630:638 37.4 mol% 630:638 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 24907266 4 63 theme Domibacillus 543:554 arg1 4628 571:574 Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628 543:574 Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)) 543:595 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 4 63 theme Domibacillus 543:554 arg1 T 576:576 T 576:576 T 576:576 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 4 64 dep 4628 571:574 arg1 T 593:593 T 593:593 T 593:593 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 4 64 dep 4628 571:574 arg1 25058 587:591  = DSM 25058 580:591  = DSM 25058(T) 580:594 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 6 65 theme predominant 819:829 arg1  0 783:784  0 783:784  0 783:784 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and MK-6 was the predominant quinone. 24907266 6 65 theme predominant 819:829 arg1 MK-6 806:809 MK-6 806:809 MK-6 806:809 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and MK-6 was the predominant quinone. 24907266 6 65 theme predominant 819:829 arg1 C16  765:768 C16  765:768 C16  765:768 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and MK-6 was the predominant quinone. 24907266 6 65 theme predominant 819:829 arg1  0 799:800  0 799:800  0 799:800 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and MK-6 was the predominant quinone. 24907266 6 65 theme predominant 819:829 arg1 quinone 831:837 the predominant quinone 815:837 the predominant quinone 815:837 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and MK-6 was the predominant quinone. 24907266 6 65 theme predominant 819:829 arg1  0 761:762  0 761:762  0 761:762 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and MK-6 was the predominant quinone. 24907266 1 66 dep description 88:98 arg1 emended 80:86 emended 80:86 emended 80:86 nov., isolated from ocean sediments and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 24907266 4 67 theme monophyletic 519:530 arg1 clade 532:536 a monophyletic clade 517:536 a monophyletic clade 517:536 It showed maximum (97.6 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a monophyletic clade with Domibacillus robiginosus WS 4628(T) ( = DSM 25058(T)). 24907266 10 68 theme Domibacillus 1274:1285 arg1 sp 1295:1296 the name Domibacillus indicus sp 1265:1296 the name Domibacillus indicus sp 1265:1296 Results from polyphasic studies indicated that SD111(T) represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus indicus sp. 24907266 5 69 theme % 667:667 arg1 relatedness 677:687 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness 662:687 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness 662:687 The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol% and the strain showed 37.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness to D. robiginosus DSM 25058(T). 29260339 13 0 dep properties 1580:1589 arg1 investigated 1592:1603 investigated 1592:1603 investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles 1592:1667 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 4 1 theme accessions 787:796 arg1 proteins 765:772 SGP-A1 proteins 758:772 SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions 758:796 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 9 2 theme urartu 1388:1393 arg1 T. 1396:1397 T. 1396:1397 T. 1396:1397 Amylose content did not differ significantly among T. urartu, T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 9 2 theme urartu 1388:1393 arg1 ssp 1410:1412 T. urartu, T. monococcum ssp 1385:1412 ssp 1410:1412 Amylose content did not differ significantly among T. urartu, T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 2 3 theme dramatic 291:298 arg1 changes 300:306 dramatic changes 291:306 dramatic changes in the grains' starch content, structure, and composition 291:364 The absence of SGP-1 in cereal grains is correlated to dramatic changes in the grains' starch content, structure, and composition. 29260339 15 4 theme urartu 1766:1771 arg1 accessions 1773:1782 T. urartu accessions 1763:1782 T. urartu accessions 1763:1782 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 3 5 from polymorphism 446:457 arg1 mobility 482:489 the electrophoretic mobility 462:489 the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 462:498 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 13 6 theme several 1519:1525 arg1 differences 1541:1551 several interspecific differences 1519:1551 several interspecific differences 1519:1551 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 1 7 theme amylopectin 210:220 arg1 biosynthesis 222:233 amylopectin biosynthesis 210:233 amylopectin biosynthesis 210:233 Starch synthase IIa, also known as starch granule protein 1 (SGP-1), plays a key role in amylopectin biosynthesis. 29260339 17 8 theme numerous 1934:1941 arg1 acid 1949:1952 the numerous amino acid 1930:1952 the numerous amino acid 1930:1952 These differences could be associated with the numerous amino acid and structural changes evident among the SGP-1 proteins. 29260339 7 9 theme coding 1029:1034 arg1 region 1036:1041 The entire coding region 1018:1041 The entire coding region of the two genes 1018:1058 The entire coding region of the two genes was isolated and sequenced in an attempt to explain the polymorphism identified. 29260339 3 10 from proteins 412:419 arg1 study 429:433 this study 424:433 this study 424:433 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 3 11 theme electrophoretic 466:480 arg1 mobility 482:489 the electrophoretic mobility 462:489 the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 462:498 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 4 12 theme T. 777:778 arg1 accessions 787:796 T. urartu accessions 777:796 T. urartu accessions 777:796 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 1 13 theme granule 163:169 arg1 protein 171:177 starch granule protein 1 156:179 starch granule protein 1 (SGP-1) 156:187 Starch synthase IIa, also known as starch granule protein 1 (SGP-1), plays a key role in amylopectin biosynthesis. 29260339 1 13 theme granule 163:169 arg1 SGP-1 182:186 SGP-1 182:186 SGP-1 182:186 Starch synthase IIa, also known as starch granule protein 1 (SGP-1), plays a key role in amylopectin biosynthesis. 29260339 8 14 theme responsible 1188:1198 arg1 SNPs 1182:1185 SNPs 1182:1185 SNPs 1182:1185 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 8 14 theme responsible 1188:1198 arg1 polymorphisms 1167:1179 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms 1141:1179 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes 1141:1221 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 15 15 theme monococcum 1828:1837 arg1 ssp 1839:1841 T. monococcum ssp 1825:1841 T. monococcum ssp 1825:1841 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 3 16 theme A 650:650 arg1 genome 652:657 the A genome 646:657 the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu 646:699 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 0 17 theme wheat 106:110 arg1 species 112:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 8 18 theme amino 1204:1208 arg1 changes 1215:1221 amino acid changes 1204:1221 amino acid changes 1204:1221 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 3 19 theme T. 691:692 arg1 progenitor 680:689 their progenitor 674:689 their progenitor T. urartu 674:699 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 8 20 theme single 1149:1154 arg1 SNPs 1182:1185 SNPs 1182:1185 SNPs 1182:1185 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 8 20 theme single 1149:1154 arg1 polymorphisms 1167:1179 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms 1141:1179 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes 1141:1221 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 13 21 theme cereal 1679:1684 arg1 grains 1686:1691 these cereal grains 1673:1691 these cereal grains 1673:1691 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 15 22 contain had 1734:1736 arg2 profiles 1753:1760 the lowest RVA profiles 1738:1760 the lowest RVA profiles 1738:1760 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 15 22 contain had 1734:1736 arg1 accessions 1723:1732 boeoticum accessions 1713:1732 boeoticum accessions 1713:1732 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 3 23 theme wheat 523:527 arg1 Triticum 530:537 Triticum 530:537 Triticum 530:537 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 3 23 theme wheat 523:527 arg1 T. 550:551 T. 550:551 T. 550:551 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 3 23 theme wheat 523:527 arg1 species 512:518 two species 508:518 two species of wheat 508:527 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 17 24 theme structural 1958:1967 arg1 changes 1969:1975 structural changes 1958:1975 structural changes evident among the SGP-1 proteins 1958:2008 These differences could be associated with the numerous amino acid and structural changes evident among the SGP-1 proteins. 29260339 15 25 contain had 1784:1786 arg2 profile 1808:1814 an intermediate RVA profile 1788:1814 an intermediate RVA profile 1788:1814 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 15 25 contain had 1784:1786 arg1 accessions 1773:1782 T. urartu accessions 1763:1782 T. urartu accessions 1763:1782 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 1 26 theme Starch 121:126 arg1 IIa 137:139 Starch synthase IIa 121:139 Starch synthase IIa 121:139 Starch synthase IIa, also known as starch granule protein 1 (SGP-1), plays a key role in amylopectin biosynthesis. 29260339 2 27 from absence 240:246 arg1 grains 267:272 cereal grains 260:272 cereal grains 260:272 The absence of SGP-1 in cereal grains is correlated to dramatic changes in the grains' starch content, structure, and composition. 29260339 17 28 theme evident 1977:1983 arg1 changes 1969:1975 structural changes 1958:1975 structural changes evident among the SGP-1 proteins 1958:2008 These differences could be associated with the numerous amino acid and structural changes evident among the SGP-1 proteins. 29260339 4 29 contain had 798:800 arg1 proteins 765:772 SGP-A1 proteins 758:772 SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions 758:796 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 4 29 contain had 798:800 arg2 mobility 813:820 a SDS-PAGE mobility 802:820 a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species 802:879 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 13 30 theme rapid 1635:1639 arg1 analyzer-RVA 1647:1658 a rapid visco analyzer-RVA 1633:1658 a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles 1633:1667 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 8 31 theme indel 1247:1251 arg1 polymorphism 1253:1264 no indel polymorphism 1244:1264 no indel polymorphism 1244:1264 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 0 32 theme wild 69:72 arg1 species 112:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 13 33 theme analyzer-RVA 1647:1658 arg1 profiles 1660:1667 a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles 1633:1667 a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles 1633:1667 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 0 34 theme cultivated 78:87 arg1 species 112:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 13 35 theme viscosity 1608:1616 arg1 profiles 1618:1625 viscosity profiles 1608:1625 viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles 1608:1667 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 15 36 theme RVA 1749:1751 arg1 profiles 1753:1760 the lowest RVA profiles 1738:1760 the lowest RVA profiles 1738:1760 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 0 37 theme A 97:97 arg1 species 112:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 3 38 dep T. 691:692 arg1 urartu 694:699 urartu 694:699 urartu 694:699 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 6 39 theme electrophoretic 992:1006 arg1 mobility 1008:1015 a different electrophoretic mobility 980:1015 a different electrophoretic mobility 980:1015 boeoticum accessions showed a different electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 0 40 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 characterisation 10:25 Molecular characterisation 0:25 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 0:119 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 11 41 dep monococcum 1448:1457 arg1 accession 1474:1482 one accession 1470:1482 one accession of the ssp 1470:1493 monococcum, except in one accession of the ssp. 29260339 3 42 theme starch 397:402 arg1 proteins 412:419 starch granule proteins 397:419 starch granule proteins in this study 397:433 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 4 43 theme T. 913:914 arg1 ssp 927:929 T. monococcum ssp 913:929 T. monococcum ssp 913:929 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 0 44 theme novel 34:38 arg1 proteins 55:62 two novel starch granule proteins 1 30:64 two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 30:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 4 45 theme ssp 927:929 arg1 proteins 901:908 SGP-A1 proteins 894:908 SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp 894:929 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 0 46 theme granule 47:53 arg1 proteins 55:62 two novel starch granule proteins 1 30:64 two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 30:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 3 47 theme proteins 412:419 arg1 investigation 380:392 An extensive investigation 367:392 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study 367:433 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 16 48 theme RVA 1874:1876 arg1 profile 1878:1884 the highest RVA profile 1862:1884 the highest RVA profile 1862:1884 monococcum showed the highest RVA profile. 29260339 4 49 theme electrophoretic 716:730 arg1 profiles 732:739 Two different electrophoretic profiles 702:739 Two different electrophoretic profiles 702:739 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 0 50 theme proteins 55:62 arg1 characterisation 10:25 Molecular characterisation 0:25 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 0:119 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 3 51 theme Triticum 618:625 arg1 species 627:633 all other Triticum species 608:633 all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu 608:699 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 8 52 from difference 1294:1303 arg1 mobility 1324:1331 electrophoretic mobility 1308:1331 electrophoretic mobility 1308:1331 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 1 53 theme key 198:200 arg1 role 202:205 a key role 196:205 a key role 196:205 Starch synthase IIa, also known as starch granule protein 1 (SGP-1), plays a key role in amylopectin biosynthesis. 29260339 4 54 theme urartu 780:785 arg1 accessions 787:796 T. urartu accessions 777:796 T. urartu accessions 777:796 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 15 55 theme T. 1763:1764 arg1 accessions 1773:1782 T. urartu accessions 1763:1782 T. urartu accessions 1763:1782 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 7 56 theme entire 1022:1027 arg1 region 1036:1041 The entire coding region 1018:1041 The entire coding region of the two genes 1018:1058 The entire coding region of the two genes was isolated and sequenced in an attempt to explain the polymorphism identified. 29260339 13 57 theme interspecific 1527:1539 arg1 differences 1541:1551 several interspecific differences 1519:1551 several interspecific differences 1519:1551 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 1 58 theme starch 156:161 arg1 protein 171:177 starch granule protein 1 156:179 starch granule protein 1 (SGP-1) 156:187 Starch synthase IIa, also known as starch granule protein 1 (SGP-1), plays a key role in amylopectin biosynthesis. 29260339 1 58 theme starch 156:161 arg1 SGP-1 182:186 SGP-1 182:186 SGP-1 182:186 Starch synthase IIa, also known as starch granule protein 1 (SGP-1), plays a key role in amylopectin biosynthesis. 29260339 17 59 theme amino 1943:1947 arg1 acid 1949:1952 the numerous amino acid 1930:1952 the numerous amino acid 1930:1952 These differences could be associated with the numerous amino acid and structural changes evident among the SGP-1 proteins. 29260339 4 60 theme SGP-A1 758:763 arg1 proteins 765:772 SGP-A1 proteins 758:772 SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions 758:796 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 2 61 from changes 300:306 arg1 structure 339:347 structure 339:347 structure 339:347 The absence of SGP-1 in cereal grains is correlated to dramatic changes in the grains' starch content, structure, and composition. 29260339 2 61 from changes 300:306 arg1 composition 354:364 composition 354:364 composition 354:364 The absence of SGP-1 in cereal grains is correlated to dramatic changes in the grains' starch content, structure, and composition. 29260339 2 61 from changes 300:306 arg1 content 330:336 the grains' starch content 311:336 the grains' starch content 311:336 The absence of SGP-1 in cereal grains is correlated to dramatic changes in the grains' starch content, structure, and composition. 29260339 8 62 theme nucleotide 1156:1165 arg1 SNPs 1182:1185 SNPs 1182:1185 SNPs 1182:1185 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 8 62 theme nucleotide 1156:1165 arg1 polymorphisms 1167:1179 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms 1141:1179 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes 1141:1221 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 13 63 theme grains 1686:1691 arg1 properties 1580:1589 viscosity properties 1570:1589 viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains 1570:1691 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 11 64 theme ssp 1491:1493 arg1 accession 1474:1482 one accession 1470:1482 one accession of the ssp 1470:1493 monococcum, except in one accession of the ssp. 29260339 2 65 theme cereal 260:265 arg1 grains 267:272 cereal grains 260:272 cereal grains 260:272 The absence of SGP-1 in cereal grains is correlated to dramatic changes in the grains' starch content, structure, and composition. 29260339 9 66 theme T. 1385:1386 arg1 T. 1396:1397 T. 1396:1397 T. 1396:1397 Amylose content did not differ significantly among T. urartu, T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 9 66 theme T. 1385:1386 arg1 ssp 1410:1412 T. urartu, T. monococcum ssp 1385:1412 ssp 1410:1412 Amylose content did not differ significantly among T. urartu, T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 15 67 theme T. 1825:1826 arg1 ssp 1839:1841 T. monococcum ssp 1825:1841 T. monococcum ssp 1825:1841 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 14 68 dep ssp 1708:1710 arg1 T. 1694:1695 T. 1694:1695 T. 1694:1695 T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 3 69 from study 429:433 arg1 investigation 380:392 An extensive investigation 367:392 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study 367:433 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 2 70 theme SGP-1 251:255 arg1 absence 240:246 The absence 236:246 The absence of SGP-1 in cereal grains 236:272 The absence of SGP-1 in cereal grains is correlated to dramatic changes in the grains' starch content, structure, and composition. 29260339 4 71 dep wheat 867:871 arg1 species 873:879 species 873:879 species 873:879 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 3 72 dep Triticum 530:537 arg1 urartu 539:544 Triticum urartu 530:544 Triticum urartu 530:544 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 3 73 dep T. 550:551 arg1 monococcum 553:562 T. monococcum 550:562 T. monococcum 550:562 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 4 74 theme tetraploid 842:851 arg1 wheat 867:871 tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species 842:879 wheat 867:871 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 15 75 theme RVA 1804:1806 arg1 profile 1808:1814 an intermediate RVA profile 1788:1814 an intermediate RVA profile 1788:1814 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 8 76 theme Several 1141:1147 arg1 SNPs 1182:1185 SNPs 1182:1185 SNPs 1182:1185 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 8 76 theme Several 1141:1147 arg1 polymorphisms 1167:1179 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms 1141:1179 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes 1141:1221 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 4 77 theme SDS-PAGE 804:811 arg1 mobility 813:820 a SDS-PAGE mobility 802:820 a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species 802:879 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 8 78 theme acid 1210:1213 arg1 changes 1215:1221 amino acid changes 1204:1221 amino acid changes 1204:1221 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 3 79 theme SGP-1 494:498 arg1 mobility 482:489 the electrophoretic mobility 462:489 the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 462:498 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 4 80 theme similar 822:828 arg1 mobility 813:820 a SDS-PAGE mobility 802:820 a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species 802:879 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 10 81 dep ssp 1443:1445 arg1 T. 1429:1430 T. 1429:1430 T. 1429:1430 boeoticum and T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 10 81 dep ssp 1443:1445 arg1 boeoticum 1415:1423 boeoticum 1415:1423 boeoticum 1415:1423 boeoticum and T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 1 82 theme synthase 128:135 arg1 IIa 137:139 Starch synthase IIa 121:139 Starch synthase IIa 121:139 Starch synthase IIa, also known as starch granule protein 1 (SGP-1), plays a key role in amylopectin biosynthesis. 29260339 13 83 theme viscosity 1570:1578 arg1 properties 1580:1589 viscosity properties 1570:1589 viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains 1570:1691 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 4 84 theme SGP-A1 894:899 arg1 proteins 901:908 SGP-A1 proteins 894:908 SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp 894:929 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 0 85 from characterisation 10:25 arg1 species 112:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 13 86 theme visco 1641:1645 arg1 analyzer-RVA 1647:1658 a rapid visco analyzer-RVA 1633:1658 a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles 1633:1667 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 17 87 theme SGP-1 1995:1999 arg1 proteins 2001:2008 the SGP-1 proteins 1991:2008 the SGP-1 proteins 1991:2008 These differences could be associated with the numerous amino acid and structural changes evident among the SGP-1 proteins. 29260339 0 88 theme diploid 89:95 arg1 species 112:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 4 89 theme hexaploid 857:865 arg1 wheat 867:871 tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species 842:879 wheat 867:871 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 0 90 from proteins 55:62 arg1 species 112:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 15 91 theme lowest 1742:1747 arg1 profiles 1753:1760 the lowest RVA profiles 1738:1760 the lowest RVA profiles 1738:1760 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 14 92 dep T. 1694:1695 arg1 monococcum 1697:1706 T. monococcum 1694:1706 T. monococcum 1694:1706 T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 0 93 theme genome 99:104 arg1 species 112:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 69:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 2 94 theme starch 323:328 arg1 content 330:336 the grains' starch content 311:336 the grains' starch content 311:336 The absence of SGP-1 in cereal grains is correlated to dramatic changes in the grains' starch content, structure, and composition. 29260339 6 95 theme different 982:990 arg1 mobility 1008:1015 a different electrophoretic mobility 980:1015 a different electrophoretic mobility 980:1015 boeoticum accessions showed a different electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 15 96 theme boeoticum 1713:1721 arg1 accessions 1723:1732 boeoticum accessions 1713:1732 boeoticum accessions 1713:1732 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 3 97 theme granule 404:410 arg1 proteins 412:419 starch granule proteins 397:419 starch granule proteins in this study 397:433 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 0 98 theme starch 40:45 arg1 proteins 55:62 two novel starch granule proteins 1 30:64 two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species 30:118 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 9 99 theme monococcum 1399:1408 arg1 T. 1396:1397 T. 1396:1397 T. 1396:1397 Amylose content did not differ significantly among T. urartu, T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 9 99 theme monococcum 1399:1408 arg1 ssp 1410:1412 T. urartu, T. monococcum ssp 1385:1412 ssp 1410:1412 Amylose content did not differ significantly among T. urartu, T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 0 100 dep proteins 55:62 arg1 1 64:64 1 64:64 1 64:64 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 6 101 theme boeoticum 952:960 arg1 accessions 962:971 boeoticum accessions 952:971 boeoticum accessions 952:971 boeoticum accessions showed a different electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 8 102 theme electrophoretic 1308:1322 arg1 mobility 1324:1331 electrophoretic mobility 1308:1331 electrophoretic mobility 1308:1331 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for amino acid changes were identified, but no indel polymorphism was observed to explain the difference in electrophoretic mobility. 29260339 3 103 from investigation 380:392 arg1 study 429:433 this study 424:433 this study 424:433 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 7 104 theme genes 1054:1058 arg1 region 1036:1041 The entire coding region 1018:1041 The entire coding region of the two genes 1018:1058 The entire coding region of the two genes was isolated and sequenced in an attempt to explain the polymorphism identified. 29260339 16 105 theme highest 1866:1872 arg1 profile 1878:1884 the highest RVA profile 1862:1884 the highest RVA profile 1862:1884 monococcum showed the highest RVA profile. 29260339 4 106 theme monococcum 916:925 arg1 ssp 927:929 T. monococcum ssp 913:929 T. monococcum ssp 913:929 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 10 107 theme monococcum 1432:1441 arg1 ssp 1443:1445 monococcum ssp 1432:1445 monococcum ssp 1432:1445 boeoticum and T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 13 108 located observed 1558:1565 arg2 differences 1541:1551 several interspecific differences 1519:1551 several interspecific differences 1519:1551 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 13 108 located observed 1558:1565 arg1 properties 1580:1589 viscosity properties 1570:1589 viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains 1570:1691 Conversely, several interspecific differences were observed in viscosity properties (investigated as viscosity profiles using a rapid visco analyzer-RVA profiles) of these cereal grains. 29260339 3 109 theme extensive 370:378 arg1 investigation 380:392 An extensive investigation 367:392 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study 367:433 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 0 110 from species 112:118 arg1 characterisation 10:25 Molecular characterisation 0:25 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 0:119 Molecular characterisation of two novel starch granule proteins 1 in wild and cultivated diploid A genome wheat species. 29260339 15 111 theme intermediate 1791:1802 arg1 profile 1808:1814 an intermediate RVA profile 1788:1814 an intermediate RVA profile 1788:1814 boeoticum accessions had the lowest RVA profiles, T. urartu accessions had an intermediate RVA profile, whereas T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 3 112 theme other 612:616 arg1 species 627:633 all other Triticum species 608:633 all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu 608:699 An extensive investigation of starch granule proteins in this study revealed a polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of SGP-1 between two species of wheat, Triticum urartu and T. monococcum; this protein was, however, conserved among all other Triticum species that share the A genome inherited from their progenitor T. urartu. 29260339 4 113 theme different 706:714 arg1 profiles 732:739 Two different electrophoretic profiles 702:739 Two different electrophoretic profiles 702:739 Two different electrophoretic profiles were identified: SGP-A1 proteins of T. urartu accessions had a SDS-PAGE mobility similar to those of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species; conversely, SGP-A1 proteins of T. monococcum ssp. 29260339 9 114 theme Amylose 1334:1340 arg1 content 1342:1348 Amylose content 1334:1348 Amylose content 1334:1348 Amylose content did not differ significantly among T. urartu, T. monococcum ssp. 28960800 3 0 theme in-vitro 639:646 arg1 characterization 648:663 in-vitro characterization 639:663 in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold 639:767 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 5 1 dep showed 1001:1006 arg1 higher 1069:1074 higher 1069:1074 higher 1069:1074 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days showed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was higher in dynamic culture compared to static one. 28960800 1 2 theme damaged 279:285 arg1 tissue 287:292 the damaged tissue 275:292 the damaged tissue on which the stem cells grow and differentiate 275:339 Cartilage construct generation includes a scaffold with appropriate composition to mimic matrix of the damaged tissue on which the stem cells grow and differentiate. 28960800 4 3 theme 62 821:822 arg1 % 823:823 % 823:823 % 823:823 Constructs developed in spinner flask consisted of 62% live cells, and exhibited 543% more cell density at the core than constructs cultured in static system. 28960800 1 4 theme Cartilage 176:184 arg1 generation 196:205 Cartilage construct generation 176:205 Cartilage construct generation 176:205 Cartilage construct generation includes a scaffold with appropriate composition to mimic matrix of the damaged tissue on which the stem cells grow and differentiate. 28960800 4 5 theme live 825:828 arg1 cells 830:834 62% live cells 821:834 62% live cells 821:834 Constructs developed in spinner flask consisted of 62% live cells, and exhibited 543% more cell density at the core than constructs cultured in static system. 28960800 3 6 theme chondrogenic 713:724 arg1 differentiation 726:740 chondrogenic differentiation 713:740 chondrogenic differentiation 713:740 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 6 7 theme fluorescence 1216:1227 arg1 staining 1229:1236 fluorescence staining 1216:1236 fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan 1216:1265 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 6 8 theme chondrogenic 1324:1335 arg1 markers 1337:1343 early and late stage chondrogenic markers 1303:1343 early and late stage chondrogenic markers 1303:1343 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 5 9 theme chondrogenic 1027:1038 arg1 differentiation 1040:1054 chondrogenic differentiation 1027:1054 chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs 1027:1063 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days showed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was higher in dynamic culture compared to static one. 28960800 0 10 from scaffold 75:82 arg1 generation 29:38 In vitro cartilage construct generation 0:38 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 0:107 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 6 11 theme late 1313:1316 arg1 markers 1337:1343 early and late stage chondrogenic markers 1303:1343 early and late stage chondrogenic markers 1303:1343 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 3 12 theme flask 548:552 arg1 bioreactor 554:563 spinner flask bioreactor 540:563 spinner flask bioreactor 540:563 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 7 13 used used 1655:1658 arg2 construct 1527:1535 construct 1527:1535 construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor 1527:1646 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 6 14 theme early 1303:1307 arg1 markers 1337:1343 early and late stage chondrogenic markers 1303:1343 early and late stage chondrogenic markers 1303:1343 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 7 15 theme spinner 1623:1629 arg1 bioreactor 1637:1646 spinner flask bioreactor 1623:1646 spinner flask bioreactor 1623:1646 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 4 16 theme cell 861:864 arg1 density 866:872 543% more cell density 851:872 543% more cell density at the core 851:884 Constructs developed in spinner flask consisted of 62% live cells, and exhibited 543% more cell density at the core than constructs cultured in static system. 28960800 0 17 from blood 103:107 arg1 generation 29:38 In vitro cartilage construct generation 0:38 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 0:107 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 0 18 theme culture 157:163 arg1 condition 165:173 dynamic culture condition 149:173 dynamic culture condition 149:173 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 3 19 theme conditions 574:583 arg1 Influence 507:515 Influence 507:515 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct 507:621 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 6 20 theme histology 1168:1176 arg1 staining 1178:1185 histology staining 1168:1185 histology staining for proteoglycan matrix 1168:1209 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 6 21 theme quantitative 1377:1388 arg1 analysis 1394:1401 quantitative PCR analysis 1377:1401 quantitative PCR analysis 1377:1401 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 6 22 theme collagen-I 1416:1425 arg1 expression 1427:1436 low collagen-I expression 1412:1436 low collagen-I expression 1412:1436 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 2 23 theme porous 457:462 arg1 scaffolds 496:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 9 24 dep 106A 1783:1786 arg1 397-407 1789:1795 397-407 1789:1795 397-407 1789:1795 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 397-407, 2018. 28960800 9 25 dep Res 1771:1773 arg1 106A 1783:1786 106A 1783:1786 106A 1783:1786 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 397-407, 2018. 28960800 9 25 dep Res 1771:1773 arg1 A 1780:1780 Part A 1775:1780 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 397-407, 2018. 1756:1802 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 397-407, 2018. 28960800 0 26 theme umbilical 88:96 arg1 blood 103:107 silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 45:107 blood 103:107 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 7 27 theme SF/CS 1563:1567 arg1 scaffold 1569:1576 3D SF/CS scaffold 1560:1576 3D SF/CS scaffold 1560:1576 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 7 28 theme future 1698:1703 arg1 treatments 1713:1722 future medical treatments 1698:1722 future medical treatments 1698:1722 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 0 29 theme porous 68:73 arg1 scaffold 75:82 silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 45:107 scaffold 75:82 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 0 30 theme In 0:1 arg1 generation 29:38 In vitro cartilage construct generation 0:38 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 0:107 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 1 31 theme tissue 287:292 arg1 matrix 265:270 matrix 265:270 matrix of the damaged tissue on which the stem cells grow and differentiate 265:339 Cartilage construct generation includes a scaffold with appropriate composition to mimic matrix of the damaged tissue on which the stem cells grow and differentiate. 28960800 8 32 dep © 1725:1725 arg1 Inc. 1751:1754 Inc. 1751:1754 Inc. 1751:1754 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28960800 2 33 theme stem 410:413 arg1 hMSCs 422:426 hMSCs 422:426 hMSCs 422:426 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 2 33 theme stem 410:413 arg1 cells 415:419 human mesenchymal stem cells 392:419 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 392:427 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 0 34 theme cartilage 9:17 arg1 generation 29:38 In vitro cartilage construct generation 0:38 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 0:107 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 7 35 theme cartilage 1664:1672 arg1 regeneration 1681:1692 cartilage tissue regeneration 1664:1692 cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments 1664:1722 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 2 36 theme freeze 444:449 arg1 scaffolds 496:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 0 37 theme chitosan 59:66 arg1 scaffold 75:82 silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 45:107 scaffold 75:82 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 3 38 theme cartilage 603:611 arg1 construct 613:621 the developing cartilage construct 588:621 the developing cartilage construct 588:621 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 4 39 theme spinner 794:800 arg1 flask 802:806 spinner flask 794:806 spinner flask 794:806 Constructs developed in spinner flask consisted of 62% live cells, and exhibited 543% more cell density at the core than constructs cultured in static system. 28960800 2 40 theme human 392:396 arg1 hMSCs 422:426 hMSCs 422:426 hMSCs 422:426 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 2 40 theme human 392:396 arg1 cells 415:419 human mesenchymal stem cells 392:419 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 392:427 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 1 41 theme stem 307:310 arg1 cells 312:316 the stem cells 303:316 the stem cells 303:316 Cartilage construct generation includes a scaffold with appropriate composition to mimic matrix of the damaged tissue on which the stem cells grow and differentiate. 28960800 4 42 theme static 914:919 arg1 system 921:926 static system 914:926 static system 914:926 Constructs developed in spinner flask consisted of 62% live cells, and exhibited 543% more cell density at the core than constructs cultured in static system. 28960800 0 43 theme silk 45:48 arg1 scaffold 75:82 silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 45:107 scaffold 75:82 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 1 44 theme appropriate 232:242 arg1 composition 244:254 appropriate composition 232:254 appropriate composition 232:254 Cartilage construct generation includes a scaffold with appropriate composition to mimic matrix of the damaged tissue on which the stem cells grow and differentiate. 28960800 7 45 theme present 1495:1501 arg1 study 1503:1507 The present study 1491:1507 The present study 1491:1507 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 5 46 theme DNA 947:949 arg1 Quantification 929:942 Quantification 929:942 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days 929:999 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days showed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was higher in dynamic culture compared to static one. 28960800 2 47 theme cord 367:370 arg1 UCB 379:381 UCB 379:381 UCB 379:381 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 2 47 theme cord 367:370 arg1 blood 372:376 umbilical cord blood 357:376 umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 357:427 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 5 48 theme glycosaminoglycans 955:972 arg1 Quantification 929:942 Quantification 929:942 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days 929:999 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days showed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was higher in dynamic culture compared to static one. 28960800 9 49 theme Part 1775:1778 arg1 A 1780:1780 Part A 1775:1780 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 397-407, 2018. 1756:1802 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 397-407, 2018. 28960800 6 50 theme positive 1274:1281 arg1 correlation 1283:1293 positive correlation 1274:1293 positive correlation 1274:1293 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 6 51 theme expressed 1449:1457 arg1 Sox9 1459:1462 Sox9 1459:1462 Sox9 1459:1462 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 6 52 theme dynamic 1149:1155 arg1 condition 1157:1165 dynamic condition 1149:1165 dynamic condition 1149:1165 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 3 53 dep dynamic 531:537 arg1 bioreactor 554:563 spinner flask bioreactor 540:563 spinner flask bioreactor 540:563 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 3 54 theme static 520:525 arg1 conditions 574:583 static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions 520:583 static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions 520:583 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 1 55 theme construct 186:194 arg1 generation 196:205 Cartilage construct generation 176:205 Cartilage construct generation 176:205 Cartilage construct generation includes a scaffold with appropriate composition to mimic matrix of the damaged tissue on which the stem cells grow and differentiate. 28960800 4 56 theme % 823:823 arg1 cells 830:834 62% live cells 821:834 62% live cells 821:834 Constructs developed in spinner flask consisted of 62% live cells, and exhibited 543% more cell density at the core than constructs cultured in static system. 28960800 0 57 theme mesenchymal 123:133 arg1 cells 140:144 human mesenchymal stem cells 117:144 human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition 117:173 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 6 58 theme stage 1318:1322 arg1 markers 1337:1343 early and late stage chondrogenic markers 1303:1343 early and late stage chondrogenic markers 1303:1343 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 5 59 theme differentiation 1040:1054 arg1 progression 1012:1022 the progression 1008:1022 the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs 1008:1063 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days showed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was higher in dynamic culture compared to static one. 28960800 3 60 theme spinner 540:546 arg1 bioreactor 554:563 spinner flask bioreactor 540:563 spinner flask bioreactor 540:563 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 7 61 theme flask 1631:1635 arg1 bioreactor 1637:1646 spinner flask bioreactor 1623:1646 spinner flask bioreactor 1623:1646 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 2 62 theme CS 492:493 arg1 scaffolds 496:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 5 63 dep DNA 947:949 arg1 accumulation 974:985 accumulation 974:985 accumulation 974:985 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days showed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was higher in dynamic culture compared to static one. 28960800 0 64 theme dynamic 149:155 arg1 condition 165:173 dynamic culture condition 149:173 dynamic culture condition 149:173 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 5 65 theme hMSCs 1059:1063 arg1 differentiation 1040:1054 chondrogenic differentiation 1027:1054 chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs 1027:1063 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days showed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was higher in dynamic culture compared to static one. 28960800 3 66 theme dynamic 531:537 arg1 conditions 574:583 static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions 520:583 static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions 520:583 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 6 67 theme proteoglycan 1191:1202 arg1 matrix 1204:1209 proteoglycan matrix 1191:1209 proteoglycan matrix 1191:1209 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 3 68 from Influence 507:515 arg1 construct 613:621 the developing cartilage construct 588:621 the developing cartilage construct 588:621 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 3 69 theme hMSCs 745:749 arg1 proliferation 680:692 proliferation 680:692 proliferation 680:692 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 3 69 theme hMSCs 745:749 arg1 viability 669:677 viability 669:677 viability 669:677 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 3 69 theme hMSCs 745:749 arg1 differentiation 726:740 chondrogenic differentiation 713:740 chondrogenic differentiation 713:740 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 3 69 theme hMSCs 745:749 arg1 distribution 695:706 distribution 695:706 distribution 695:706 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 3 70 theme culture 566:572 arg1 conditions 574:583 static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions 520:583 static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions 520:583 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 7 71 theme dynamic 1599:1605 arg1 condition 1607:1615 dynamic condition 1599:1615 dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor 1599:1646 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 4 72 theme more 856:859 arg1 density 866:872 543% more cell density 851:872 543% more cell density at the core 851:884 Constructs developed in spinner flask consisted of 62% live cells, and exhibited 543% more cell density at the core than constructs cultured in static system. 28960800 6 73 theme PCR 1390:1392 arg1 analysis 1394:1401 quantitative PCR analysis 1377:1401 quantitative PCR analysis 1377:1401 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 2 74 theme silk-fibroin 464:475 arg1 scaffolds 496:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 2 75 theme dried 451:455 arg1 scaffolds 496:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 4 76 from core 881:884 arg1 density 866:872 543% more cell density 851:872 543% more cell density at the core 851:884 Constructs developed in spinner flask consisted of 62% live cells, and exhibited 543% more cell density at the core than constructs cultured in static system. 28960800 0 77 theme cord 98:101 arg1 blood 103:107 silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 45:107 blood 103:107 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 5 78 theme static 1107:1112 arg1 one 1114:1116 static one 1107:1116 static one 1107:1116 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days showed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was higher in dynamic culture compared to static one. 28960800 7 79 theme 3D 1560:1561 arg1 scaffold 1569:1576 3D SF/CS scaffold 1560:1576 3D SF/CS scaffold 1560:1576 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 2 80 theme /chitosan 481:489 arg1 scaffolds 496:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 2 81 theme SF 478:479 arg1 scaffolds 496:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds 444:504 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 5 82 theme dynamic 1079:1085 arg1 culture 1087:1093 dynamic culture 1079:1093 dynamic culture 1079:1093 Quantification of DNA and glycosaminoglycans accumulation after 21 days showed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was higher in dynamic culture compared to static one. 28960800 7 83 theme medical 1705:1711 arg1 treatments 1713:1722 future medical treatments 1698:1722 future medical treatments 1698:1722 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 0 84 theme construct 19:27 arg1 generation 29:38 In vitro cartilage construct generation 0:38 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 0:107 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 1 85 with scaffold 218:225 arg1 composition 244:254 appropriate composition 232:254 appropriate composition 232:254 Cartilage construct generation includes a scaffold with appropriate composition to mimic matrix of the damaged tissue on which the stem cells grow and differentiate. 28960800 3 86 theme developing 592:601 arg1 construct 613:621 the developing cartilage construct 588:621 the developing cartilage construct 588:621 Influence of static and dynamic (spinner flask bioreactor) culture conditions on the developing cartilage construct were studied by in-vitro characterization for viability, proliferation, distribution, and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs over the scaffold. 28960800 2 87 theme mesenchymal 398:408 arg1 hMSCs 422:426 hMSCs 422:426 hMSCs 422:426 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 2 87 theme mesenchymal 398:408 arg1 cells 415:419 human mesenchymal stem cells 392:419 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 392:427 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 6 88 theme low 1412:1414 arg1 expression 1427:1436 low collagen-I expression 1412:1436 low collagen-I expression 1412:1436 In constructs generated under dynamic condition, histology staining for proteoglycan matrix, and fluorescence staining for collagen-II and aggrecan showed positive correlation between early and late stage chondrogenic markers, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis, showing low collagen-I expression and highly expressed Sox9, collagen-II and aggrecan. 28960800 7 89 theme tissue 1674:1679 arg1 regeneration 1681:1692 cartilage tissue regeneration 1664:1692 cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments 1664:1722 The present study demonstrated that construct generated by combining 3D SF/CS scaffold with UCB-hMSCs under dynamic condition using spinner flask bioreactor can be used for cartilage tissue regeneration for future medical treatments. 28960800 0 90 theme fibroin- 50:57 arg1 scaffold 75:82 silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood 45:107 scaffold 75:82 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 0 91 theme stem 135:138 arg1 cells 140:144 human mesenchymal stem cells 117:144 human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition 117:173 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 0 92 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 0 93 from cells 140:144 arg1 condition 165:173 dynamic culture condition 149:173 dynamic culture condition 149:173 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 0 94 theme human 117:121 arg1 cells 140:144 human mesenchymal stem cells 117:144 human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition 117:173 In vitro cartilage construct generation from silk fibroin- chitosan porous scaffold and umbilical cord blood derived human mesenchymal stem cells in dynamic culture condition. 28960800 2 95 theme umbilical 357:365 arg1 UCB 379:381 UCB 379:381 UCB 379:381 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28960800 2 95 theme umbilical 357:365 arg1 blood 372:376 umbilical cord blood 357:376 umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 357:427 In this study, umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on freeze dried porous silk-fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffolds. 28786059 10 0 theme erectile 1886:1893 arg1 dysfunction 1895:1905 erectile dysfunction 1886:1905 erectile dysfunction 1886:1905 The variations of gut microbiota might lead to inflammation and prompt the emergence of erectile dysfunction in the rats with T2D. 28786059 6 1 theme relative 1134:1141 arg1 abundance 1143:1151 The relative abundance 1130:1151 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) 1130:1246 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 3 2 theme serum 480:484 arg1 samples 486:492 Faecal and serum samples 469:492 samples 486:492 Faecal and serum samples were collected at 2nd and 8th week after establishment of T2D model, respectively. 28786059 1 3 theme microbiota 254:263 arg1 characteristics 231:245 the characteristics 227:245 the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED 227:306 In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED), we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED. 28786059 6 4 dep Enterococcus 1156:1167 arg1 Corynebacterium 1170:1184 Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) 1156:1246 Corynebacterium 1170:1184 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 4 5 theme factors 743:749 arg1 detection 656:664 detection 656:664 detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1) 656:835 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 9 6 theme relative 1688:1695 arg1 abundance 1697:1705 the relative abundance 1684:1705 the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium 1684:1729 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats had changed, as the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium was decreased while that of opportunistic pathogens was increased. 28786059 3 7 theme Faecal 469:474 arg1 samples 486:492 Faecal and serum samples 469:492 samples 486:492 Faecal and serum samples were collected at 2nd and 8th week after establishment of T2D model, respectively. 28786059 5 8 dep Proteobacteria 898:911 arg1 Bacteroidetes 883:895 Bacteroidetes 883:895 Bacteroidetes 883:895 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 1 9 theme erectile 185:192 arg1 T2DED 207:211 T2DED 207:211 T2DED 207:211 In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED), we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED. 28786059 1 9 theme erectile 185:192 arg1 dysfunction 194:204 type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction 169:204 type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED) 169:212 In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED), we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED. 28786059 4 10 theme monocyte 795:802 arg1 MCP-1 830:834 MCP-1 830:834 MCP-1 830:834 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 4 10 theme monocyte 795:802 arg1 chemoattractantprotein-1 804:827 monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 795:827 monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1) 795:835 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 9 11 theme bacterium 1721:1729 arg1 abundance 1697:1705 the relative abundance 1684:1705 the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium 1684:1729 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats had changed, as the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium was decreased while that of opportunistic pathogens was increased. 28786059 6 12 dep Facklamia 1199:1207 arg1 pathogens 1224:1232 opportunistic pathogens 1210:1232 opportunistic pathogens in most case 1210:1245 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 5 13 from level 1075:1079 arg1 compositions 847:858 The main compositions 838:858 The main compositions of gut microbiota 838:876 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 5 13 from level 1075:1079 arg1 Ruminococcus 993:1004 Ruminococcus 993:1004 Ruminococcus 993:1004 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 5 13 from level 1075:1079 arg1 Proteobacteria 898:911 Proteobacteria 898:911 Proteobacteria 898:911 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 7 14 theme serum 1460:1464 arg1 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 7 14 theme serum 1460:1464 arg1 contents 1466:1473 The serum contents 1456:1473 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group 1456:1530 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 9 15 theme opportunistic 1759:1771 arg1 pathogens 1773:1781 opportunistic pathogens 1759:1781 opportunistic pathogens 1759:1781 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats had changed, as the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium was decreased while that of opportunistic pathogens was increased. 28786059 4 16 theme serum 638:642 arg1 samples 644:650 serum samples 638:650 serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1) 638:835 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 5 17 with Ruminococcus 993:1004 arg1 abundance 1104:1112 relatively higher abundance 1086:1112 relatively higher abundance in all SD rats 1086:1127 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 10 18 theme gut 1816:1818 arg1 microbiota 1820:1829 gut microbiota 1816:1829 gut microbiota 1816:1829 The variations of gut microbiota might lead to inflammation and prompt the emergence of erectile dysfunction in the rats with T2D. 28786059 5 19 from abundance 1104:1112 arg1 rats 1124:1127 all SD rats 1117:1127 all SD rats 1117:1127 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 3 20 theme T2D 552:554 arg1 model 556:560 T2D model 552:560 T2D model 552:560 Faecal and serum samples were collected at 2nd and 8th week after establishment of T2D model, respectively. 28786059 6 21 theme T2D 1432:1434 arg1 model 1436:1440 T2D model 1432:1440 T2D model (T2D2 group) 1432:1453 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 6 21 theme T2D 1432:1434 arg1 group 1448:1452 T2D2 group 1443:1452 T2D2 group 1443:1452 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 0 22 theme erectile 56:63 arg1 dysfunction 65:75 gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction 21:75 dysfunction 65:75 Relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats. 28786059 2 23 with group 424:428 arg1 diet 401:404 normal diet 394:404 normal diet 394:404 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 2 23 with group 424:428 arg1 construction 442:453 construction 442:453 construction of T2D model 442:466 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 1 24 theme gut 150:152 arg1 microbiota 154:163 gut microbiota 150:163 gut microbiota 150:163 In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED), we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED. 28786059 7 25 theme T2DED 1520:1524 arg1 group 1526:1530 T2DED group 1520:1530 T2DED group 1520:1530 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 11 26 theme T2DED 1983:1987 arg1 formation 1970:1978 the formation 1966:1978 the formation of T2DED 1966:1987 TMAO might play an important role in the formation of T2DED. 28786059 4 27 theme gut 618:620 arg1 microbiota 622:631 gut microbiota 618:631 gut microbiota 618:631 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 8 28 theme T2DED 1609:1613 arg1 rats 1615:1618 T2DED rats 1609:1618 T2DED rats 1609:1618 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats was inhibited. 28786059 10 29 with rats 1914:1917 arg1 T2D 1924:1926 T2D 1924:1926 T2D 1924:1926 The variations of gut microbiota might lead to inflammation and prompt the emergence of erectile dysfunction in the rats with T2D. 28786059 7 30 theme MCP-1 1511:1515 arg1 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 7 30 theme MCP-1 1511:1515 arg1 contents 1466:1473 The serum contents 1456:1473 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group 1456:1530 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 2 31 theme model 462:466 arg1 construction 442:453 construction 442:453 construction of T2D model 442:466 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 4 32 theme N-oxide 684:690 arg1 detection 656:664 detection 656:664 detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1) 656:835 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 6 33 theme most 1237:1240 arg1 case 1242:1245 most case 1237:1245 most case 1237:1245 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 7 34 theme IL-10 1501:1505 arg1 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 7 34 theme IL-10 1501:1505 arg1 contents 1466:1473 The serum contents 1456:1473 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group 1456:1530 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 5 35 theme gut 863:865 arg1 microbiota 867:876 gut microbiota 863:876 gut microbiota 863:876 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 7 36 theme IL-2 1495:1498 arg1 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 7 36 theme IL-2 1495:1498 arg1 contents 1466:1473 The serum contents 1456:1473 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group 1456:1530 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 11 37 theme important 1948:1956 arg1 role 1958:1961 an important role 1945:1961 an important role 1945:1961 TMAO might play an important role in the formation of T2DED. 28786059 7 38 theme IL-1 1489:1492 arg1 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 7 38 theme IL-1 1489:1492 arg1 contents 1466:1473 The serum contents 1456:1473 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group 1456:1530 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 0 39 theme gut 21:23 arg1 microbiota 25:34 gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction 21:75 microbiota 25:34 Relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats. 28786059 1 40 theme Sprague-Dawley 272:285 arg1 rats 292:295 the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats 268:295 the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED 268:306 In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED), we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED. 28786059 7 41 theme LPS 1484:1486 arg1 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 7 41 theme LPS 1484:1486 arg1 contents 1466:1473 The serum contents 1456:1473 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group 1456:1530 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 6 42 dep Allobaculum 1271:1281 arg1 Eubacterium 1301:1311 Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium 1271:1311 Eubacterium 1301:1311 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 2 43 theme SD 321:322 arg1 rats 324:327 Thirty-five SD rats 309:327 Thirty-five SD rats 309:327 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 5 44 theme higher 1097:1102 arg1 abundance 1104:1112 relatively higher abundance 1086:1112 relatively higher abundance in all SD rats 1086:1127 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 9 45 theme T2DED 1657:1661 arg1 rats 1663:1666 T2DED rats 1657:1666 T2DED rats 1657:1666 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats had changed, as the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium was decreased while that of opportunistic pathogens was increased. 28786059 10 46 theme dysfunction 1895:1905 arg1 emergence 1873:1881 the emergence 1869:1881 the emergence of erectile dysfunction in the rats with T2D 1869:1926 The variations of gut microbiota might lead to inflammation and prompt the emergence of erectile dysfunction in the rats with T2D. 28786059 6 47 theme Enterococcus 1156:1167 arg1 abundance 1143:1151 The relative abundance 1130:1151 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) 1130:1246 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 6 48 theme beneficial 1329:1338 arg1 Anaerotruncus 1314:1326 Anaerotruncus 1314:1326 Anaerotruncus 1314:1326 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 6 48 theme beneficial 1329:1338 arg1 bacteria 1340:1347 beneficial bacteria 1329:1347 beneficial bacteria 1329:1347 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 5 49 theme genus 1069:1073 arg1 level 1075:1079 the genus level 1065:1079 the genus level 1065:1079 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 1 50 with rats 292:295 arg1 T2DED 302:306 T2DED 302:306 T2DED 302:306 In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED), we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED. 28786059 1 51 theme gut 250:252 arg1 microbiota 254:263 gut microbiota 250:263 gut microbiota 250:263 In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED), we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED. 28786059 2 52 with group 376:380 arg1 diet 401:404 normal diet 394:404 normal diet 394:404 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 2 52 with group 376:380 arg1 construction 442:453 construction 442:453 construction of T2D model 442:466 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 5 53 with Proteobacteria 898:911 arg1 abundance 1104:1112 relatively higher abundance 1086:1112 relatively higher abundance in all SD rats 1086:1127 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 6 54 theme 2nd 1400:1402 arg1 week 1404:1407 2nd week 1400:1407 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group) 1400:1453 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 4 55 theme inflammatory 730:741 arg1 factors 743:749 inflammatory factors 730:749 inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1) 730:835 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 7 56 theme control 1572:1578 arg1 group 1580:1584 control group 1572:1584 control group 1572:1584 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 4 57 theme Faecal 577:582 arg1 samples 584:590 Faecal samples 577:590 Faecal samples 577:590 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 1 58 theme diabetic 176:183 arg1 T2DED 207:211 T2DED 207:211 T2DED 207:211 In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED), we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED. 28786059 1 58 theme diabetic 176:183 arg1 dysfunction 194:204 type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction 169:204 type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED) 169:212 In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED), we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED. 28786059 7 59 theme TMAO 1478:1481 arg1 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 higher 1551:1556 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 7 59 theme TMAO 1478:1481 arg1 contents 1466:1473 The serum contents 1456:1473 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group 1456:1530 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 9 60 theme beneficial 1710:1719 arg1 bacterium 1721:1729 beneficial bacterium 1710:1729 beneficial bacterium 1710:1729 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats had changed, as the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium was decreased while that of opportunistic pathogens was increased. 28786059 6 61 theme opportunistic 1210:1222 arg1 pathogens 1224:1232 opportunistic pathogens 1210:1232 opportunistic pathogens in most case 1210:1245 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 1 62 from characteristics 231:245 arg1 rats 292:295 the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats 268:295 the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED 268:306 In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED), we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED. 28786059 3 63 theme 8th 520:522 arg1 week 524:527 2nd and 8th week 512:527 week 524:527 Faecal and serum samples were collected at 2nd and 8th week after establishment of T2D model, respectively. 28786059 0 64 from dysfunction 65:75 arg1 rats 95:98 Sprague-Dawley rats 80:98 Sprague-Dawley rats 80:98 Relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats. 28786059 3 65 theme 2nd 512:514 arg1 week 524:527 2nd and 8th week 512:527 week 524:527 Faecal and serum samples were collected at 2nd and 8th week after establishment of T2D model, respectively. 28786059 6 66 theme T2D2 1443:1446 arg1 model 1436:1440 T2D model 1432:1440 T2D model (T2D2 group) 1432:1453 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 6 66 theme T2D2 1443:1446 arg1 group 1448:1452 T2D2 group 1443:1452 T2D2 group 1443:1452 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 4 67 theme microbiota 622:631 arg1 samples 644:650 serum samples 638:650 serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1) 638:835 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 4 67 theme microbiota 622:631 arg1 analysis 606:613 analysis 606:613 analysis of gut microbiota 606:631 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 5 68 theme phylum 935:940 arg1 level 942:946 the phylum level 931:946 the phylum level 931:946 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 6 69 theme model 1436:1440 arg1 establishment 1415:1427 establishment 1415:1427 establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group) 1415:1453 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 5 70 from level 942:946 arg1 compositions 847:858 The main compositions 838:858 The main compositions of gut microbiota 838:876 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 5 70 from level 942:946 arg1 Ruminococcus 993:1004 Ruminococcus 993:1004 Ruminococcus 993:1004 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 5 70 from level 942:946 arg1 Proteobacteria 898:911 Proteobacteria 898:911 Proteobacteria 898:911 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 0 71 from microbiota 25:34 arg1 rats 95:98 Sprague-Dawley rats 80:98 Sprague-Dawley rats 80:98 Relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats. 28786059 5 72 theme SD 1121:1122 arg1 rats 1124:1127 all SD rats 1117:1127 all SD rats 1117:1127 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 0 73 theme Sprague-Dawley 80:93 arg1 rats 95:98 Sprague-Dawley rats 80:98 Sprague-Dawley rats 80:98 Relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats. 28786059 8 74 theme gut 1591:1593 arg1 microbiota 1595:1604 The gut microbiota 1587:1604 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats 1587:1618 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats was inhibited. 28786059 5 75 theme main 842:845 arg1 compositions 847:858 The main compositions 838:858 The main compositions of gut microbiota 838:876 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 5 75 theme main 842:845 arg1 Proteobacteria 898:911 Proteobacteria 898:911 Proteobacteria 898:911 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 2 76 theme T2D 458:460 arg1 model 462:466 T2D model 458:466 T2D model 458:466 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 4 77 theme trimethylamine 669:682 arg1 N-oxide 684:690 trimethylamine N-oxide 669:690 trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) 669:697 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 4 77 theme trimethylamine 669:682 arg1 TMAO 693:696 TMAO 693:696 TMAO 693:696 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 10 78 theme microbiota 1820:1829 arg1 variations 1802:1811 The variations 1798:1811 The variations of gut microbiota 1798:1829 The variations of gut microbiota might lead to inflammation and prompt the emergence of erectile dysfunction in the rats with T2D. 28786059 6 79 from pathogens 1224:1232 arg1 case 1242:1245 most case 1237:1245 most case 1237:1245 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 7 80 from contents 1466:1473 arg1 group 1526:1530 T2DED group 1520:1530 T2DED group 1520:1530 The serum contents of TMAO, LPS, IL-1, IL-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group. 28786059 8 81 theme rats 1615:1618 arg1 microbiota 1595:1604 The gut microbiota 1587:1604 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats 1587:1618 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats was inhibited. 28786059 4 82 used used 597:600 arg2 samples 584:590 Faecal samples 577:590 Faecal samples 577:590 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28786059 2 83 theme normal 394:399 arg1 diet 401:404 normal diet 394:404 normal diet 394:404 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 10 84 from emergence 1873:1881 arg1 rats 1914:1917 the rats 1910:1917 the rats with T2D 1910:1926 The variations of gut microbiota might lead to inflammation and prompt the emergence of erectile dysfunction in the rats with T2D. 28786059 0 85 theme type 40:43 arg1 dysfunction 65:75 gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction 21:75 dysfunction 65:75 Relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats. 28786059 2 86 theme experimental 411:422 arg1 groups 360:365 two groups 356:365 two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model 356:466 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 2 86 theme experimental 411:422 arg1 n=20 431:434 n=20 431:434 n=20 431:434 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 2 86 theme experimental 411:422 arg1 group 424:428 experimental group 411:428 experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model 411:466 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 3 87 theme model 556:560 arg1 establishment 535:547 establishment 535:547 establishment of T2D model 535:560 Faecal and serum samples were collected at 2nd and 8th week after establishment of T2D model, respectively. 28786059 2 88 theme control 368:374 arg1 groups 360:365 two groups 356:365 two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model 356:466 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 2 88 theme control 368:374 arg1 group 376:380 control group 368:380 control group (n=15) with normal diet 368:404 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 2 88 theme control 368:374 arg1 n=15 383:386 n=15 383:386 n=15 383:386 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 0 89 theme diabetic 47:54 arg1 dysfunction 65:75 gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction 21:75 dysfunction 65:75 Relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats. 28786059 9 90 theme gut 1639:1641 arg1 microbiota 1643:1652 The gut microbiota 1635:1652 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats 1635:1666 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats had changed, as the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium was decreased while that of opportunistic pathogens was increased. 28786059 2 91 theme Thirty-five 309:319 arg1 rats 324:327 Thirty-five SD rats 309:327 Thirty-five SD rats 309:327 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 6 92 theme T2DED 1363:1367 arg1 group 1369:1373 T2DED group 1363:1373 T2DED group 1363:1373 The relative abundance of Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Aerococcus, Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased, and that of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group). 28786059 2 93 dep groups 360:365 arg1 groups 360:365 two groups 356:365 two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model 356:466 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 2 93 dep groups 360:365 arg1 group 376:380 control group 368:380 control group (n=15) with normal diet 368:404 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 2 93 dep groups 360:365 arg1 n=15 383:386 n=15 383:386 n=15 383:386 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 2 93 dep groups 360:365 arg1 n=20 431:434 n=20 431:434 n=20 431:434 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 2 93 dep groups 360:365 arg1 group 424:428 experimental group 411:428 experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model 411:466 Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=15) with normal diet, and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model. 28786059 5 94 theme microbiota 867:876 arg1 compositions 847:858 The main compositions 838:858 The main compositions of gut microbiota 838:876 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 5 94 theme microbiota 867:876 arg1 Proteobacteria 898:911 Proteobacteria 898:911 Proteobacteria 898:911 The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Oscillospira, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats. 28786059 9 95 theme rats 1663:1666 arg1 microbiota 1643:1652 The gut microbiota 1635:1652 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats 1635:1666 The gut microbiota of T2DED rats had changed, as the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium was decreased while that of opportunistic pathogens was increased. 28786059 4 96 theme lipopolysaccharide 700:717 arg1 detection 656:664 detection 656:664 detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1) 656:835 Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota, and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1). 28840818 2 0 theme -degrading 100:109 arg1 strain 153:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain 70:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium 70:209 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 10 1 theme 16S 957:959 arg1 rRNA 961:964 The 16S rRNA 953:964 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 953:987 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 3 2 theme polyphasic 311:320 arg1 study 332:336 a polyphasic taxonomic study 309:336 a polyphasic taxonomic study 309:336 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study showed that our isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces. 28840818 9 3 theme DNA 904:906 arg1 % 950:950 53.4 mol% 942:950 53.4 mol% 942:950 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. 28840818 9 3 theme DNA 904:906 arg1 content 912:918 The DNA G+C content 900:918 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T 900:936 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. 28840818 1 4 from soil 52:55 arg1 Thailand 60:67 Thailand 60:67 Thailand 60:67 nov., isolated from soil in Thailand. 28840818 2 5 theme L-lactide 90:98 arg1 strain 153:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain 70:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium 70:209 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 9 6 theme G+C 908:910 arg1 % 950:950 53.4 mol% 942:950 53.4 mol% 942:950 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. 28840818 9 6 theme G+C 908:910 arg1 content 912:918 The DNA G+C content 900:918 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T 900:936 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. 28840818 2 7 attach isolated 215:222 arg2 strain 153:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain 70:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium 70:209 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 2 7 attach isolated 215:222 arg1 soil 236:239 forest soil 229:239 forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand 229:291 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 5 8 theme characteristic 613:626 arg1 sugars 628:633 no characteristic sugars 610:633 no characteristic sugars 610:633 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan but no characteristic sugars are detected. 28840818 4 9 theme optimum 465:471 arg1 temperature 473:483 an optimum temperature 462:483 an optimum temperature of 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7 462:514 The isolate grew aerobically at an optimum temperature of 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7. 28840818 12 10 theme Polycladomyces 1465:1478 arg1 isolate 1416:1422 the new isolate 1408:1422 the new isolate 1408:1422 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 12 10 theme Polycladomyces 1465:1478 arg1 sp 1493:1494 named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp 1459:1494 named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp 1459:1494 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 12 11 theme chemotaxonomic 1370:1383 arg1 studies 1399:1405 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1358:1405 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1358:1405 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 12 12 theme phenotypic 1358:1367 arg1 studies 1399:1405 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1358:1405 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1358:1405 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 2 13 theme bacterial 143:151 arg1 strain 153:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain 70:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium 70:209 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 9 14 theme strain 923:928 arg1 13T 934:936 strain KSR 13T 923:936 strain KSR 13T 923:936 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. 28840818 14 15 theme KSR 1521:1523 arg1 13T 1525:1527 KSR 13T 1521:1527 KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T) 1521:1554 The type strain is KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T). 28840818 14 15 theme KSR 1521:1523 arg1 109332T 1547:1553 =BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T 1530:1553 =BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T 1530:1553 The type strain is KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T). 28840818 14 15 theme KSR 1521:1523 arg1 strain 1511:1516 The type strain 1502:1516 The type strain 1502:1516 The type strain is KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T). 28840818 10 16 theme sequence 971:978 arg1 analysis 980:987 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 953:987 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 953:987 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 8 17 theme predominant 851:861 arg1 acid 878:881 The predominant cellular fatty acid 847:881 The predominant cellular fatty acid 847:881 The predominant cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 28840818 8 17 theme predominant 851:861 arg1  0 896:897  0 896:897  0 896:897 The predominant cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 28840818 0 18 theme subterraneus 15:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Polycladomyces subterraneus sp 0:29 Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 0:30 Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 2 19 theme filamentous 131:141 arg1 strain 153:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain 70:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium 70:209 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 9 20 theme KSR 930:932 arg1 13T 934:936 strain KSR 13T 923:936 strain KSR 13T 923:936 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. 28840818 3 21 contain had 362:364 arg2 characteristics 366:380 characteristics 366:380 characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces 366:427 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study showed that our isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces. 28840818 3 21 contain had 362:364 arg1 isolate 354:360 our isolate 350:360 our isolate 350:360 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study showed that our isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces. 28840818 3 22 theme Polycladomyces 414:427 arg1 members 393:399 members 393:399 members of the genus Polycladomyces 393:427 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study showed that our isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces. 28840818 0 23 theme Polycladomyces 0:13 arg1 sp 28:29 Polycladomyces subterraneus sp 0:29 Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 0:30 Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 9 24 theme 13T 934:936 arg1 % 950:950 53.4 mol% 942:950 53.4 mol% 942:950 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. 28840818 9 24 theme 13T 934:936 arg1 content 912:918 The DNA G+C content 900:918 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T 900:936 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. 28840818 10 25 theme KSR 1016:1018 arg1 13T 1020:1022 strain KSR 13T 1009:1022 strain KSR 13T 1009:1022 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 4 26 theme optimal 501:507 arg1 pH 509:510 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7 488:514 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7 488:514 The isolate grew aerobically at an optimum temperature of 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7. 28840818 11 27 theme cutoff 1281:1286 arg1 value 1288:1292 the 70 % cutoff value 1272:1292 the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation 1272:1328 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 10 28 theme strain 1009:1014 arg1 13T 1020:1022 strain KSR 13T 1009:1022 strain KSR 13T 1009:1022 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 12 29 theme new 1412:1414 arg1 isolate 1416:1422 the new isolate 1408:1422 the new isolate 1408:1422 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 12 29 theme new 1412:1414 arg1 sp 1493:1494 named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp 1459:1494 named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp 1459:1494 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 12 29 theme new 1412:1414 arg1 species 1447:1453 a novel species 1439:1453 a novel species 1439:1453 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 9 30 theme 53.4 mol 942:949 arg1 % 950:950 53.4 mol% 942:950 53.4 mol% 942:950 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. 28840818 9 30 theme 53.4 mol 942:949 arg1 content 912:918 The DNA G+C content 900:918 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T 900:936 The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. 28840818 10 31 theme Polycladomyces 1092:1105 arg1 JIR-001T 1118:1125 Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T 1092:1125 Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %) 1092:1134 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 10 31 theme Polycladomyces 1092:1105 arg1 % 1133:1133 99.2 % 1128:1133 99.2 % 1128:1133 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 12 32 dep Polycladomyces 1465:1478 arg1 subterraneus 1480:1491 subterraneus 1480:1491 subterraneus 1480:1491 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 14 33 theme type 1506:1509 arg1 13T 1525:1527 KSR 13T 1521:1527 KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T) 1521:1554 The type strain is KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T). 28840818 14 33 theme type 1506:1509 arg1 strain 1511:1516 The type strain 1502:1516 The type strain 1502:1516 The type strain is KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T). 28840818 11 34 theme 70  1276:1278 arg1 % 1279:1279 % 1279:1279 % 1279:1279 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 7 35 theme phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 747:776 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 778:799 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine diphosphatidylglycerol 747:799 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine diphosphatidylglycerol 747:799 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine. 28840818 10 36 theme genus 1040:1044 arg1 Polycladomyces 1046:1059 the genus Polycladomyces 1036:1059 the genus Polycladomyces 1036:1059 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 14 37 theme =BCC 1530:1533 arg1 13T 1525:1527 KSR 13T 1521:1527 KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T) 1521:1554 The type strain is KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T). 28840818 14 37 theme =BCC 1530:1533 arg1 109332T 1547:1553 =BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T 1530:1553 =BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T 1530:1553 The type strain is KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T). 28840818 11 38 theme DNA-DNA 1141:1147 arg1 values 1161:1166 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1137:1166 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T 1137:1221 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 11 38 theme DNA-DNA 1141:1147 arg1 % 1238:1238 17.8-32.1 % 1228:1238 17.8-32.1 % 1228:1238 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 3 39 theme genus 408:412 arg1 Polycladomyces 414:427 the genus Polycladomyces 404:427 the genus Polycladomyces 404:427 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study showed that our isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces. 28840818 11 40 theme % 1279:1279 arg1 value 1288:1292 the 70 % cutoff value 1272:1292 the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation 1272:1328 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 2 41 theme single 174:179 arg1 spores 181:186 single spores 174:186 single spores 174:186 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 2 42 theme forest 229:234 arg1 soil 236:239 forest soil 229:239 forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand 229:291 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 14 43 theme 50740T=NBRC 1535:1545 arg1 13T 1525:1527 KSR 13T 1521:1527 KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T) 1521:1554 The type strain is KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T). 28840818 14 43 theme 50740T=NBRC 1535:1545 arg1 109332T 1547:1553 =BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T 1530:1553 =BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T 1530:1553 The type strain is KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T). 28840818 11 44 theme relatedness 1149:1159 arg1 values 1161:1166 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1137:1166 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T 1137:1221 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 11 44 theme relatedness 1149:1159 arg1 % 1238:1238 17.8-32.1 % 1228:1238 17.8-32.1 % 1228:1238 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 3 45 theme members 393:399 arg1 typical 382:388 typical 382:388 typical 382:388 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study showed that our isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces. 28840818 2 46 theme poly 85:88 arg1 strain 153:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain 70:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium 70:209 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 11 47 theme species 1310:1316 arg1 delineation 1318:1328 species delineation 1310:1328 species delineation 1310:1328 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 4 48 theme 50-55 °C and 488:499 arg1 pH 509:510 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7 488:514 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7 488:514 The isolate grew aerobically at an optimum temperature of 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7. 28840818 2 49 theme thermophilic 72:83 arg1 strain 153:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain 70:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium 70:209 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 4 50 theme pH 509:510 arg1 temperature 473:483 an optimum temperature 462:483 an optimum temperature of 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7 462:514 The isolate grew aerobically at an optimum temperature of 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7. 28840818 7 51 theme diagnostic 691:700 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 721:744 phosphatidylethanolamine 721:744 phosphatidylethanolamine 721:744 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine. 28840818 7 51 theme diagnostic 691:700 arg1 phospholipids 702:714 The diagnostic phospholipids 687:714 The diagnostic phospholipids 687:714 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine. 28840818 11 52 theme KSR 1187:1189 arg1 13T 1191:1193 KSR 13T 1187:1193 KSR 13T 1187:1193 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 5 53 theme diagnostic 561:570 arg1 acid 580:583 the diagnostic diamino acid 557:583 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 557:604 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan but no characteristic sugars are detected. 28840818 12 54 theme studies 1399:1405 arg1 evaluation 1344:1353 an evaluation 1341:1353 an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1341:1405 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 12 55 theme genotypic 1389:1397 arg1 studies 1399:1405 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1358:1405 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1358:1405 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 5 56 theme diamino 572:578 arg1 acid 580:583 the diagnostic diamino acid 557:583 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 557:604 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan but no characteristic sugars are detected. 28840818 5 57 from acid 580:583 arg1 peptidoglycan 592:604 the peptidoglycan 588:604 the peptidoglycan 588:604 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan but no characteristic sugars are detected. 28840818 12 58 theme novel 1441:1445 arg1 isolate 1416:1422 the new isolate 1408:1422 the new isolate 1408:1422 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 12 58 theme novel 1441:1445 arg1 species 1447:1453 a novel species 1439:1453 a novel species 1439:1453 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 8 59 theme fatty 872:876 arg1 acid 878:881 The predominant cellular fatty acid 847:881 The predominant cellular fatty acid 847:881 The predominant cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 28840818 8 59 theme fatty 872:876 arg1  0 896:897  0 896:897  0 896:897 The predominant cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 28840818 12 60 theme named 1459:1463 arg1 isolate 1416:1422 the new isolate 1408:1422 the new isolate 1408:1422 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 12 60 theme named 1459:1463 arg1 sp 1493:1494 named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp 1459:1494 named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp 1459:1494 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. 28840818 2 61 theme aerial 195:200 arg1 mycelium 202:209 the aerial mycelium 191:209 the aerial mycelium 191:209 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 5 62 theme Meso-diaminopimelic 517:535 arg1 acid 537:540 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 517:540 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 517:540 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan but no characteristic sugars are detected. 28840818 10 63 theme rRNA 961:964 arg1 analysis 980:987 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 953:987 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 953:987 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 2 64 from Thailand 284:291 arg1 soil 236:239 forest soil 229:239 forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand 229:291 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 8 65 theme cellular 863:870 arg1 acid 878:881 The predominant cellular fatty acid 847:881 The predominant cellular fatty acid 847:881 The predominant cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 28840818 8 65 theme cellular 863:870 arg1  0 896:897  0 896:897  0 896:897 The predominant cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 28840818 3 66 theme taxonomic 322:330 arg1 study 332:336 a polyphasic taxonomic study 309:336 a polyphasic taxonomic study 309:336 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study showed that our isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces. 28840818 10 67 theme abyssicola 1107:1116 arg1 JIR-001T 1118:1125 Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T 1092:1125 Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %) 1092:1134 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 10 67 theme abyssicola 1107:1116 arg1 % 1133:1133 99.2 % 1128:1133 99.2 % 1128:1133 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 11 68 theme P. 1200:1201 arg1 JIR-001T 1214:1221 P. abyssicola JIR-001T 1200:1221 P. abyssicola JIR-001T 1200:1221 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 10 69 theme gene 966:969 arg1 analysis 980:987 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 953:987 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 953:987 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). 28840818 6 70 theme predominant 653:663 arg1 menaquinone 665:675 The predominant menaquinone 649:675 The predominant menaquinone 649:675 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 28840818 6 70 theme predominant 653:663 arg1 MK-7 681:684 MK-7 681:684 MK-7 681:684 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 28840818 3 71 theme study 332:336 arg1 results 298:304 The results 294:304 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study 294:336 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study showed that our isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces. 28840818 2 72 theme Gram-stain-positive 111:129 arg1 strain 153:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain 70:158 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium 70:209 A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. 28840818 11 73 theme abyssicola 1203:1212 arg1 JIR-001T 1214:1221 P. abyssicola JIR-001T 1200:1221 P. abyssicola JIR-001T 1200:1221 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. 28840818 3 74 theme typical 382:388 arg1 characteristics 366:380 characteristics 366:380 characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces 366:427 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study showed that our isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces. 26606262 2 0 from applications 461:472 arg1 TTE 504:506 TTE 504:506 TTE 504:506 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 2 0 from applications 461:472 arg1 engineering 491:501 tendon tissue engineering 477:501 tendon tissue engineering (TTE) 477:507 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 1 1 theme tissue 166:171 arg1 TE 186:187 TE 186:187 TE 186:187 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 1 1 theme tissue 166:171 arg1 engineering 173:183 tissue engineering 166:183 tissue engineering (TE) approaches 166:199 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 0 2 theme Tendon 93:98 arg1 Regeneration 100:111 Tendon Regeneration 93:111 Tendon Regeneration 93:111 Exploring the Potential of Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds for Tendon Regeneration. 26606262 7 3 theme regeneration 1545:1556 arg1 therapies 1558:1566 more efficient regeneration therapies 1530:1566 more efficient regeneration therapies 1530:1566 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 5 4 theme rich 1087:1090 arg1 matrix 1092:1097 Collagen type I rich matrix 1071:1097 Collagen type I rich matrix 1071:1097 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 1 5 theme engineering 173:183 arg1 approaches 190:199 tissue engineering (TE) approaches 166:199 tissue engineering (TE) approaches 166:199 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 5 6 theme developed 953:961 arg1 scaffolds 972:980 the developed magnetic scaffolds 949:980 the developed magnetic scaffolds 949:980 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 7 7 theme therapies 1558:1566 arg1 development 1515:1525 the development 1511:1525 the development of more efficient regeneration therapies 1511:1566 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 7 8 theme significant 1433:1443 arg1 potential 1445:1453 a significant potential 1431:1453 a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies 1431:1566 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 3 9 theme oxide 583:587 arg1 MNPs 589:592 iron oxide MNPs 578:592 iron oxide MNPs 578:592 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 7 10 dep combined 1392:1399 arg1 structure 1382:1390 structure 1382:1390 structure 1382:1390 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 7 10 dep combined 1392:1399 arg1 scaffolds 1372:1380 the magnetic aligned scaffolds 1351:1380 the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation 1351:1425 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 4 11 theme magnetic 754:761 arg1 properties 763:772 magnetic properties 754:772 magnetic properties 754:772 The 3D architecture, composition, and magnetic properties are characterized. 26606262 6 12 theme ectopic 1200:1206 arg1 model 1212:1216 an ectopic rat model 1197:1216 an ectopic rat model 1197:1216 Finally, the developed magnetic scaffolds were implanted in an ectopic rat model, evidencing good biocompatibility and integration within the surrounding tissues. 26606262 4 13 theme 3D 720:721 arg1 architecture 723:734 The 3D architecture 716:734 The 3D architecture 716:734 The 3D architecture, composition, and magnetic properties are characterized. 26606262 1 14 theme new 268:270 arg1 generation 272:281 a new generation 266:281 a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration 266:335 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 3 15 theme engineering 517:527 arg1 scaffolds 538:546 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds 510:546 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds 510:546 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 7 16 theme tendon 1478:1483 arg1 engineering 1492:1502 tendon tissue engineering 1478:1502 tendon tissue engineering 1478:1502 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 7 17 theme tissue 1485:1490 arg1 engineering 1492:1502 tendon tissue engineering 1478:1502 tendon tissue engineering 1478:1502 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 3 18 dep SPCL 625:628 arg1 polycaprolactone 642:657 polycaprolactone 642:657 polycaprolactone 642:657 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 3 18 dep SPCL 625:628 arg1 starch 631:636 starch 631:636 starch 631:636 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 2 19 theme aligned 424:430 arg1 features 443:450 aligned structural features 424:450 aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE) 424:507 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 7 20 theme aligned 1364:1370 arg1 structure 1382:1390 structure 1382:1390 structure 1382:1390 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 7 20 theme aligned 1364:1370 arg1 scaffolds 1372:1380 the magnetic aligned scaffolds 1351:1380 the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation 1351:1425 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 3 21 theme iron 578:581 arg1 MNPs 589:592 iron oxide MNPs 578:592 iron oxide MNPs 578:592 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 2 22 theme tissue 484:489 arg1 TTE 504:506 TTE 504:506 TTE 504:506 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 2 22 theme tissue 484:489 arg1 engineering 491:501 tendon tissue engineering 477:501 tendon tissue engineering (TTE) 477:507 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 6 23 theme rat 1208:1210 arg1 model 1212:1216 an ectopic rat model 1197:1216 an ectopic rat model 1197:1216 Finally, the developed magnetic scaffolds were implanted in an ectopic rat model, evidencing good biocompatibility and integration within the surrounding tissues. 26606262 3 24 theme 3D 601:602 arg1 structure 604:612 a 3D structure 599:612 a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology 599:713 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 7 25 theme efficient 1535:1543 arg1 therapies 1558:1566 more efficient regeneration therapies 1530:1566 more efficient regeneration therapies 1530:1566 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 2 26 theme scaffolds 409:417 arg1 development 363:373 the development 359:373 the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE) 359:507 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 2 27 theme tendon 477:482 arg1 TTE 504:506 TTE 504:506 TTE 504:506 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 2 27 theme tendon 477:482 arg1 engineering 491:501 tendon tissue engineering 477:501 tendon tissue engineering (TTE) 477:507 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 5 28 theme tenogenic 880:888 arg1 differentiation 890:904 the tenogenic differentiation 876:904 the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds 876:980 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 5 29 theme cells 922:926 arg1 differentiation 890:904 the tenogenic differentiation 876:904 the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds 876:980 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 2 30 theme polymer 401:407 arg1 scaffolds 409:417 sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds 378:417 sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE) 378:507 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 5 31 theme magnetic 842:849 arg1 field 851:855 an externally applied magnetic field 820:855 an externally applied magnetic field 820:855 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 5 32 theme applied 834:840 arg1 field 851:855 an externally applied magnetic field 820:855 an externally applied magnetic field 820:855 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 1 33 from nanoparticles 142:154 arg1 approaches 190:199 tissue engineering (TE) approaches 166:199 tissue engineering (TE) approaches 166:199 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 5 34 theme Tenascin 1056:1063 arg1 C 1065:1065 a Tenascin C 1054:1065 a Tenascin C 1054:1065 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 5 35 theme Collagen 1071:1078 arg1 type 1080:1083 Collagen type I 1071:1085 Collagen type I rich matrix 1071:1097 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 5 36 theme field 851:855 arg1 effect 810:815 the effect 806:815 the effect of an externally applied magnetic field 806:855 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 1 37 theme multifunctional 286:300 arg1 constructs 302:311 multifunctional constructs 286:311 multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration 286:335 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 5 38 theme magnetic 963:970 arg1 scaffolds 972:980 the developed magnetic scaffolds 949:980 the developed magnetic scaffolds 949:980 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 3 39 theme magnetic 529:536 arg1 scaffolds 538:546 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds 510:546 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds 510:546 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 5 40 theme stem 917:920 arg1 ASCs 929:932 ASCs 929:932 ASCs 929:932 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 5 40 theme stem 917:920 arg1 cells 922:926 adipose stem cells 909:926 adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds 909:980 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 1 41 theme several 207:213 arg1 possibilities 228:240 several new research possibilities 207:240 several new research possibilities 207:240 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 0 42 theme Aligned 51:57 arg1 Scaffolds 79:87 Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds 27:87 Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds 27:87 Exploring the Potential of Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds for Tendon Regeneration. 26606262 1 43 theme constructs 302:311 arg1 generation 272:281 a new generation 266:281 a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration 266:335 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 3 44 theme rapid 681:685 arg1 RP 700:701 RP 700:701 RP 700:701 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 3 44 theme rapid 681:685 arg1 prototyping 687:697 rapid prototyping 681:697 rapid prototyping (RP) technology 681:713 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 3 45 theme SPCL 625:628 arg1 fibers 660:665 aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers 617:665 aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology 617:713 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 5 46 theme adipose 909:915 arg1 ASCs 929:932 ASCs 929:932 ASCs 929:932 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 5 46 theme adipose 909:915 arg1 cells 922:926 adipose stem cells 909:926 adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds 909:980 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 1 47 theme new 215:217 arg1 possibilities 228:240 several new research possibilities 207:240 several new research possibilities 207:240 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 0 48 theme Starch/Polycaprolactone 27:49 arg1 Scaffolds 79:87 Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds 27:87 Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds 27:87 Exploring the Potential of Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds for Tendon Regeneration. 26606262 3 49 theme fibers 660:665 arg1 structure 604:612 a 3D structure 599:612 a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology 599:713 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 1 50 theme research 219:226 arg1 possibilities 228:240 several new research possibilities 207:240 several new research possibilities 207:240 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 0 51 theme Responsive 68:77 arg1 Scaffolds 79:87 Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds 27:87 Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds 27:87 Exploring the Potential of Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds for Tendon Regeneration. 26606262 1 52 theme tissue 317:322 arg1 regeneration 324:335 tissue regeneration 317:335 tissue regeneration 317:335 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 6 53 theme surrounding 1279:1289 arg1 tissues 1291:1297 the surrounding tissues 1275:1297 the surrounding tissues 1275:1297 Finally, the developed magnetic scaffolds were implanted in an ectopic rat model, evidencing good biocompatibility and integration within the surrounding tissues. 26606262 6 54 theme developed 1150:1158 arg1 scaffolds 1169:1177 the developed magnetic scaffolds 1146:1177 the developed magnetic scaffolds 1146:1177 Finally, the developed magnetic scaffolds were implanted in an ectopic rat model, evidencing good biocompatibility and integration within the surrounding tissues. 26606262 1 55 theme magnetic 133:140 arg1 MNPs 157:160 MNPs 157:160 MNPs 157:160 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 1 55 theme magnetic 133:140 arg1 nanoparticles 142:154 magnetic nanoparticles 133:154 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches 133:199 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 0 56 theme Magnetic 59:66 arg1 Scaffolds 79:87 Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds 27:87 Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds 27:87 Exploring the Potential of Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds for Tendon Regeneration. 26606262 5 57 theme type 1080:1083 arg1 matrix 1092:1097 Collagen type I rich matrix 1071:1097 Collagen type I rich matrix 1071:1097 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 3 58 theme aligned 617:623 arg1 SPCL 625:628 aligned SPCL 617:628 aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology 617:713 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 1 59 theme nanoparticles 142:154 arg1 application 118:128 The application 114:128 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches 114:199 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 1 60 from application 118:128 arg1 approaches 190:199 tissue engineering (TE) approaches 166:199 tissue engineering (TE) approaches 166:199 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 5 61 theme tenogenic 1015:1023 arg1 differentiation 1025:1039 tenogenic differentiation 1015:1039 tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions 1015:1134 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 6 62 theme magnetic 1160:1167 arg1 scaffolds 1169:1177 the developed magnetic scaffolds 1146:1177 the developed magnetic scaffolds 1146:1177 Finally, the developed magnetic scaffolds were implanted in an ectopic rat model, evidencing good biocompatibility and integration within the surrounding tissues. 26606262 7 63 theme engineering 1492:1502 arg1 field 1469:1473 the field 1465:1473 the field of tendon tissue engineering 1465:1502 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 3 64 theme prototyping 687:697 arg1 technology 704:713 rapid prototyping (RP) technology 681:713 rapid prototyping (RP) technology 681:713 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 6 65 theme good 1230:1233 arg1 biocompatibility 1235:1250 good biocompatibility 1230:1250 good biocompatibility 1230:1250 Finally, the developed magnetic scaffolds were implanted in an ectopic rat model, evidencing good biocompatibility and integration within the surrounding tissues. 26606262 5 66 theme magneto-stimulation 1105:1123 arg1 conditions 1125:1134 magneto-stimulation conditions 1105:1134 magneto-stimulation conditions 1105:1134 Furthermore, the effect of an externally applied magnetic field is investigated on the tenogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs) cultured onto the developed magnetic scaffolds, demonstrating that ASCs undergo tenogenic differentiation synthesizing a Tenascin C and Collagen type I rich matrix under magneto-stimulation conditions. 26606262 3 67 theme Tissue 510:515 arg1 engineering 517:527 Tissue engineering 510:527 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds 510:546 Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology. 26606262 7 68 theme scaffolds 1372:1380 arg1 effect 1341:1346 the effect 1337:1346 the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation 1337:1425 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 2 69 theme structural 432:441 arg1 features 443:450 aligned structural features 424:450 aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE) 424:507 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 7 70 theme magnetic 1406:1413 arg1 stimulation 1415:1425 magnetic stimulation 1406:1425 magnetic stimulation 1406:1425 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 1 71 from approaches 190:199 arg1 application 118:128 The application 114:128 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches 114:199 The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. 26606262 2 72 theme magnetic 392:399 arg1 scaffolds 409:417 sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds 378:417 sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE) 378:507 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 7 73 theme magnetic 1355:1362 arg1 structure 1382:1390 structure 1382:1390 structure 1382:1390 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 7 73 theme magnetic 1355:1362 arg1 scaffolds 1372:1380 the magnetic aligned scaffolds 1351:1380 the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation 1351:1425 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 0 74 theme Scaffolds 79:87 arg1 Potential 14:22 the Potential 10:22 the Potential of Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds for Tendon Regeneration 10:111 Exploring the Potential of Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds for Tendon Regeneration. 26606262 2 75 with scaffolds 409:417 arg1 features 443:450 aligned structural features 424:450 aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE) 424:507 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 2 76 theme sophisticated 378:390 arg1 scaffolds 409:417 sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds 378:417 sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE) 378:507 This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). 26606262 7 77 contain has 1427:1429 arg2 potential 1445:1453 a significant potential 1431:1453 a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies 1431:1566 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26606262 7 77 contain has 1427:1429 arg1 effect 1341:1346 the effect 1337:1346 the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation 1337:1425 Together, these results suggest that the effect of the magnetic aligned scaffolds structure combined with magnetic stimulation has a significant potential to impact the field of tendon tissue engineering toward the development of more efficient regeneration therapies. 26486967 6 0 theme DNA-DNA 1016:1022 arg1 relatedness 1024:1034 DNA-DNA relatedness 1016:1034 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 1016:1206 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 4 1 theme Lactobacillus 548:560 arg1 group 575:579 the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group 531:579 the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group 531:579 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 2 2 theme microbiota 96:105 arg1 analysis 70:77 The analysis 66:77 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami 66:138 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 6 3 theme ginsenosidimutans 1179:1195 arg1 3041 1203:1206 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 1175:1206 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 1175:1206 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 6 4 theme DSM 1107:1109 arg1 14857T 1111:1116 L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T 1090:1116 L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T 1090:1116 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 2 5 theme salami 133:138 arg1 microbiota 96:105 the bacterial microbiota 82:105 the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami 82:138 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 2 6 theme organisms 241:249 arg1 genera 223:228 typical genera 215:228 typical genera of starter organisms 215:249 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 6 7 theme L. 1090:1091 arg1 14857T 1111:1116 L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T 1090:1116 L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T 1090:1116 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 5 8 dep chronometers 949:960 arg1 rpoA 977:980 rpoA 977:980 rpoA 977:980 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 5 8 dep chronometers 949:960 arg1 chronometers 949:960 the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA 933:980 the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA 933:980 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 5 8 dep chronometers 949:960 arg1 dnaK 968:971 dnaK 968:971 dnaK 968:971 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 5 8 dep chronometers 949:960 arg1 pheS 962:965 pheS 962:965 pheS 962:965 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 4 9 dep Lactobacillus 736:748 arg1 ginsenosidimutans 750:766 ginsenosidimutans 750:766 ginsenosidimutans 750:766 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 6 10 theme furfuricola 1148:1158 arg1 18764T 1164:1169 L. furfuricola JCM 18764T 1145:1169 L. furfuricola JCM 18764T 1145:1169 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 2 11 theme other 262:266 arg1 species 290:296 any other known meat-associated species 258:296 any other known meat-associated species 258:296 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 4 12 theme Lactobacillus 841:853 arg1 18764T 871:876 Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T 841:876 Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %) 841:885 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 12 theme Lactobacillus 841:853 arg1 % 884:884 97.2 % 879:884 97.2 % 879:884 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 7 13 theme cell-wall 1267:1275 arg1 type 1291:1294 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1263:1294 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1263:1294 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type is l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp. 26486967 7 13 theme cell-wall 1267:1275 arg1 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 1299:1313 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 1299:1313 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 1299:1313 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type is l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp. 26486967 4 14 theme JCM 867:869 arg1 18764T 871:876 Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T 841:876 Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %) 841:885 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 14 theme JCM 867:869 arg1 % 884:884 97.2 % 879:884 97.2 % 879:884 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 15 theme Phylogenetic 396:407 arg1 analysis 409:416 Phylogenetic analysis 396:416 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics 396:486 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 6 16 theme L. 1145:1146 arg1 18764T 1164:1169 L. furfuricola JCM 18764T 1145:1169 L. furfuricola JCM 18764T 1145:1169 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 10 17 theme type 1523:1526 arg1 strain 1528:1533 The type strain 1519:1533 The type strain 1519:1533 The type strain is TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T). 26486967 10 17 theme type 1523:1526 arg1 1.2011T 1542:1548 TMW 1.2011T 1538:1548 TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T) 1538:1577 The type strain is TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T). 26486967 8 18 theme chemotaxonomic 1339:1352 arg1 evidence 1372:1379 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence 1325:1379 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence 1325:1379 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 8 19 theme physiological 1358:1370 arg1 evidence 1372:1379 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence 1325:1379 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence 1325:1379 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 6 20 theme tucceti 1125:1131 arg1 20183T 1137:1142 L. tucceti DSM 20183T 1122:1142 L. tucceti DSM 20183T 1122:1142 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 6 21 theme EMML 1198:1201 arg1 3041 1203:1206 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 1175:1206 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 1175:1206 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 2 22 theme typical 215:221 arg1 genera 223:228 typical genera 215:228 typical genera of starter organisms 215:249 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 4 23 dep Lactobacillus 692:704 arg1 tucceti 706:712 tucceti 706:712 tucceti 706:712 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 24 theme 16S 656:658 arg1 similarity 679:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 24 theme 16S 656:658 arg1 14932T 641:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T 614:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 614:689 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 8 25 theme TMW 1389:1391 arg1 1.2011T 1393:1399 strain TMW 1.2011T 1382:1399 strain TMW 1.2011T 1382:1399 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 4 26 theme gene 665:668 arg1 similarity 679:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 26 theme gene 665:668 arg1 14932T 641:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T 614:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 614:689 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 6 27 theme 36.3 mol 1252:1259 arg1 content 1240:1246 the DNA G+C content 1228:1246 the DNA G+C content 1228:1246 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 6 27 theme 36.3 mol 1252:1259 arg1 % 1260:1260 36.3 mol% 1252:1260 36.3 mol% 1252:1260 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 4 28 theme TMW 507:509 arg1 1.2011T 511:517 strain TMW 1.2011T 500:517 strain TMW 1.2011T 500:517 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 29 theme phenotypic 461:470 arg1 characteristics 472:486 specific phenotypic characteristics 452:486 specific phenotypic characteristics 452:486 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 1 30 theme raw 56:58 arg1 meat 60:63 fermented raw meat 46:63 fermented raw meat 46:63 nov., isolated from fermented raw meat. 26486967 4 31 theme 16S 425:427 arg1 rRNA 429:432 the 16S rRNA 421:432 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 421:446 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 10 32 theme TMW 1538:1540 arg1 29801T 1571:1576  = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T 1551:1576  = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T 1551:1576 The type strain is TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T). 26486967 10 32 theme TMW 1538:1540 arg1 strain 1528:1533 The type strain 1519:1533 The type strain 1519:1533 The type strain is TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T). 26486967 10 32 theme TMW 1538:1540 arg1 1.2011T 1542:1548 TMW 1.2011T 1538:1548 TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T) 1538:1577 The type strain is TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T). 26486967 6 33 theme DNA 1232:1234 arg1 content 1240:1246 the DNA G+C content 1228:1246 the DNA G+C content 1228:1246 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 6 33 theme DNA 1232:1234 arg1 % 1260:1260 36.3 mol% 1252:1260 36.3 mol% 1252:1260 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 3 34 from rods 347:350 arg1 chains 388:393 short chains 382:393 short chains 382:393 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, short, straight rods occurring singly, in pairs or short chains. 26486967 3 34 from rods 347:350 arg1 pairs 373:377 pairs 373:377 pairs 373:377 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, short, straight rods occurring singly, in pairs or short chains. 26486967 4 35 theme gene 434:437 arg1 sequence 439:446 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 421:446 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 421:446 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 0 36 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Lactobacillus insicii sp 0:23 Lactobacillus insicii sp. 0:24 Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 8 37 theme genus 1435:1439 arg1 Lactobacillus 1441:1453 the genus Lactobacillus 1431:1453 the genus Lactobacillus 1431:1453 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 10 38 theme 8802T = DSM 1559:1569 arg1 29801T 1571:1576  = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T 1551:1576  = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T 1551:1576 The type strain is TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T). 26486967 10 38 theme 8802T = DSM 1559:1569 arg1 1.2011T 1542:1548 TMW 1.2011T 1538:1548 TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T) 1538:1577 The type strain is TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T). 26486967 4 39 theme EMML 769:772 arg1 3041 774:777 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 735:777 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %) 735:786 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 39 theme EMML 769:772 arg1 % 785:785 97.3 % 780:785 97.3 % 780:785 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 40 dep Lactobacillus 614:626 arg1 nodensis 628:635 nodensis 628:635 nodensis 628:635 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 41 dep Lactobacillus 789:801 arg1 versmoldensis 803:815 versmoldensis 803:815 versmoldensis 803:815 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 8 42 theme name 1470:1473 arg1 sp 1497:1498 the name Lactobacillus insicii sp 1466:1498 the name Lactobacillus insicii sp 1466:1498 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 5 43 theme alternative 937:947 arg1 rpoA 977:980 rpoA 977:980 rpoA 977:980 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 5 43 theme alternative 937:947 arg1 chronometers 949:960 the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA 933:980 the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA 933:980 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 5 43 theme alternative 937:947 arg1 dnaK 968:971 dnaK 968:971 dnaK 968:971 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 5 43 theme alternative 937:947 arg1 pheS 962:965 pheS 962:965 pheS 962:965 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 5 44 theme gene 915:918 arg1 sequences 920:928 partial gene sequences 907:928 partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA 907:980 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 8 45 theme insicii 1489:1495 arg1 sp 1497:1498 the name Lactobacillus insicii sp 1466:1498 the name Lactobacillus insicii sp 1466:1498 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 2 46 theme strain 161:166 arg1 isolate 152:158 an isolate 149:158 an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species 149:296 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 2 46 theme strain 161:166 arg1 1.2011T 172:178 strain TMW 1.2011T 161:178 strain TMW 1.2011T 161:178 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 4 47 theme JCM 637:639 arg1 14932T 641:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T 614:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 614:689 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 47 theme JCM 637:639 arg1 neighbours 598:607 the closest neighbours 586:607 the closest neighbours 586:607 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 47 theme JCM 637:639 arg1 similarity 679:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 8 48 theme phylogenetic 1325:1336 arg1 evidence 1372:1379 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence 1325:1379 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence 1325:1379 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 4 49 theme Lactobacillus 789:801 arg1 % 834:834 96.9 % 829:834 96.9 % 829:834 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 49 theme Lactobacillus 789:801 arg1 14857T 821:826 Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T 789:826 Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) 789:835 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 50 theme phylogenetic 535:546 arg1 group 575:579 the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group 531:579 the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group 531:579 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 2 51 theme bacterial 86:94 arg1 microbiota 96:105 the bacterial microbiota 82:105 the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami 82:138 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 4 52 theme DSM 817:819 arg1 % 834:834 96.9 % 829:834 96.9 % 829:834 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 52 theme DSM 817:819 arg1 14857T 821:826 Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T 789:826 Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) 789:835 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 6 53 theme versmoldensis 1093:1105 arg1 14857T 1111:1116 L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T 1090:1116 L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T 1090:1116 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 4 54 theme alimentarius 562:573 arg1 group 575:579 the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group 531:579 the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group 531:579 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 2 55 theme pork 128:131 arg1 salami 133:138 pork salami 128:138 pork salami 128:138 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 2 56 theme starter 233:239 arg1 organisms 241:249 starter organisms 233:249 starter organisms 233:249 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 4 57 theme strain 500:505 arg1 1.2011T 511:517 strain TMW 1.2011T 500:517 strain TMW 1.2011T 500:517 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 6 58 dep L. 1066:1067 arg1 nodensis 1069:1076 nodensis 1069:1076 nodensis 1069:1076 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 2 59 theme samples 117:123 arg1 microbiota 96:105 the bacterial microbiota 82:105 the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami 82:138 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 6 60 theme JCM 1160:1162 arg1 18764T 1164:1169 L. furfuricola JCM 18764T 1145:1169 L. furfuricola JCM 18764T 1145:1169 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 2 61 theme known 268:272 arg1 species 290:296 any other known meat-associated species 258:296 any other known meat-associated species 258:296 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 6 62 theme JCM 1078:1080 arg1 14932T 1082:1087 L. nodensis JCM 14932T 1066:1087 L. nodensis JCM 14932T 1066:1087 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 6 63 theme L. 1066:1067 arg1 14932T 1082:1087 L. nodensis JCM 14932T 1066:1087 L. nodensis JCM 14932T 1066:1087 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 4 64 theme Lactobacillus 614:626 arg1 14932T 641:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T 614:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 614:689 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 64 theme Lactobacillus 614:626 arg1 neighbours 598:607 the closest neighbours 586:607 the closest neighbours 586:607 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 64 theme Lactobacillus 614:626 arg1 similarity 679:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 6 65 theme DSM 1133:1135 arg1 20183T 1137:1142 L. tucceti DSM 20183T 1122:1142 L. tucceti DSM 20183T 1122:1142 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 4 66 theme sequence 670:677 arg1 similarity 679:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 66 theme sequence 670:677 arg1 14932T 641:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T 614:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 614:689 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 8 67 theme strain 1382:1387 arg1 1.2011T 1393:1399 strain TMW 1.2011T 1382:1399 strain TMW 1.2011T 1382:1399 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 6 68 theme L. 1122:1123 arg1 20183T 1137:1142 L. tucceti DSM 20183T 1122:1142 L. tucceti DSM 20183T 1122:1142 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 4 69 theme specific 452:459 arg1 characteristics 472:486 specific phenotypic characteristics 452:486 specific phenotypic characteristics 452:486 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 70 theme % 654:654 arg1 similarity 679:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 70 theme % 654:654 arg1 14932T 641:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T 614:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 614:689 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 71 theme characteristics 472:486 arg1 analysis 409:416 Phylogenetic analysis 396:416 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics 396:486 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 72 theme rRNA 660:663 arg1 similarity 679:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 649:688 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 72 theme rRNA 660:663 arg1 14932T 641:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T 614:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 614:689 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 1 73 theme fermented 46:54 arg1 meat 60:63 fermented raw meat 46:63 fermented raw meat 46:63 nov., isolated from fermented raw meat. 26486967 7 74 theme peptidoglycan 1277:1289 arg1 type 1291:1294 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1263:1294 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1263:1294 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type is l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp. 26486967 7 74 theme peptidoglycan 1277:1289 arg1 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 1299:1313 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 1299:1313 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 1299:1313 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type is l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp. 26486967 4 75 theme rRNA 429:432 arg1 sequence 439:446 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 421:446 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 421:446 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 6 76 theme G+C 1236:1238 arg1 content 1240:1246 the DNA G+C content 1228:1246 the DNA G+C content 1228:1246 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 6 76 theme G+C 1236:1238 arg1 % 1260:1260 36.3 mol% 1252:1260 36.3 mol% 1252:1260 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 3 77 theme Gram-stain-positive 310:328 arg1 rods 347:350 Gram-stain-positive, short, straight rods 310:350 Gram-stain-positive, short, straight rods occurring singly 310:367 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, short, straight rods occurring singly, in pairs or short chains. 26486967 4 78 theme sequence 439:446 arg1 analysis 409:416 Phylogenetic analysis 396:416 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics 396:486 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 79 dep Lactobacillus 841:853 arg1 furfuricola 855:865 furfuricola 855:865 furfuricola 855:865 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 0 80 theme insicii 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Lactobacillus insicii sp 0:23 Lactobacillus insicii sp. 0:24 Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 8 81 theme novel 1414:1418 arg1 species 1420:1426 a novel species 1412:1426 a novel species 1412:1426 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 8 82 theme Lactobacillus 1441:1453 arg1 species 1420:1426 a novel species 1412:1426 a novel species 1412:1426 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 4 83 theme Lactobacillus 692:704 arg1 20183T 718:723 Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T 692:723 Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %) 692:732 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 83 theme Lactobacillus 692:704 arg1 % 731:731 97.4 % 726:731 97.4 % 726:731 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 3 84 theme short 382:386 arg1 chains 388:393 short chains 382:393 short chains 382:393 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, short, straight rods occurring singly, in pairs or short chains. 26486967 4 85 theme DSM 714:716 arg1 20183T 718:723 Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T 692:723 Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %) 692:732 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 85 theme DSM 714:716 arg1 % 731:731 97.4 % 726:731 97.4 % 726:731 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 10 86 theme  = CECT 1551:1557 arg1 29801T 1571:1576  = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T 1551:1576  = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T 1551:1576 The type strain is TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T). 26486967 10 86 theme  = CECT 1551:1557 arg1 1.2011T 1542:1548 TMW 1.2011T 1538:1548 TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T) 1538:1577 The type strain is TMW 1.2011T ( = CECT 8802T = DSM 29801T). 26486967 5 87 theme chronometers 949:960 arg1 sequences 920:928 partial gene sequences 907:928 partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA 907:980 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 8 88 theme Lactobacillus 1475:1487 arg1 sp 1497:1498 the name Lactobacillus insicii sp 1466:1498 the name Lactobacillus insicii sp 1466:1498 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological evidence, strain TMW 1.2011T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus insicii sp. 26486967 3 89 dep Gram-stain-positive 310:328 arg1 straight 338:345 straight 338:345 straight 338:345 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, short, straight rods occurring singly, in pairs or short chains. 26486967 3 89 dep Gram-stain-positive 310:328 arg1 short 331:335 short 331:335 short 331:335 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, short, straight rods occurring singly, in pairs or short chains. 26486967 5 90 theme partial 907:913 arg1 sequences 920:928 partial gene sequences 907:928 partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA 907:980 Similarities using partial gene sequences of the alternative chronometers pheS, dnaK and rpoA also support these relationships. 26486967 6 91 theme novel 1048:1052 arg1 isolate 1054:1060 the novel isolate 1044:1060 the novel isolate 1044:1060 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and L. nodensis JCM 14932T, L. versmoldensis DSM 14857T and L. tucceti DSM 20183T, L. furfuricola JCM 18764T and 'L. ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 were below 70 % and the DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. 26486967 2 92 theme TMW 168:170 arg1 isolate 152:158 an isolate 149:158 an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species 149:296 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 2 92 theme TMW 168:170 arg1 1.2011T 172:178 strain TMW 1.2011T 161:178 strain TMW 1.2011T 161:178 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 2 93 theme meat-associated 274:288 arg1 species 290:296 any other known meat-associated species 258:296 any other known meat-associated species 258:296 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 4 94 theme closest 590:596 arg1 14932T 641:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T 614:646 Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 614:689 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 94 theme closest 590:596 arg1 neighbours 598:607 the closest neighbours 586:607 the closest neighbours 586:607 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 2 95 theme retain 110:115 arg1 samples 117:123 retain samples 110:123 retain samples 110:123 The analysis of the bacterial microbiota of retain samples of pork salami revealed an isolate (strain TMW 1.2011T) that could neither be assigned to typical genera of starter organisms nor to any other known meat-associated species. 26486967 4 96 theme Lactobacillus 736:748 arg1 3041 774:777 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 735:777 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %) 735:786 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26486967 4 96 theme Lactobacillus 736:748 arg1 % 785:785 97.3 % 780:785 97.3 % 780:785 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and specific phenotypic characteristics showed that strain TMW 1.2011T belonged to the phylogenetic Lactobacillus alimentarius group, and the closest neighbours were Lactobacillus nodensis JCM 14932T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus tucceti DSM 20183T (97.4 %), 'Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans' EMML 3041 (97.3 %), Lactobacillus versmoldensis DSM 14857T (96.9 %) and Lactobacillus furfuricola JCM 18764T (97.2 %). 26395130 7 0 theme polar 918:922 arg1 profile 930:936 The polar lipid profile 914:936 The polar lipid profile 914:936 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 8 1 theme genus 1262:1266 arg1 Ornithinimicrobium 1268:1285 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1258:1285 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1258:1285 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 8 2 theme fatty 1120:1124 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 8 2 theme fatty 1120:1124 arg1 consistent 1194:1203 consistent 1194:1203 consistent 1194:1203 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 10 3 dep nov. 1576:1579 arg1 JC311T 1603:1608 the type strain JC311T 1587:1608 the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T) 1587:1639 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 10 3 dep nov. 1576:1579 arg1 28808T 1633:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 10 4 theme T = 1625:1627 arg1 JC311T 1603:1608 the type strain JC311T 1587:1608 the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T) 1587:1639 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 10 4 theme T = 1625:1627 arg1 28808T 1633:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 7 5 theme unidentified 1089:1100 arg1 lipids 1102:1107 two unidentified lipids 1085:1107 two unidentified lipids 1085:1107 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 8 6 theme iso-C17  1177:1184 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 8 6 theme iso-C17  1177:1184 arg1 consistent 1194:1203 consistent 1194:1203 consistent 1194:1203 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 3 7 theme similarity 327:336 arg1 studies 338:344 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 300:344 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 300:344 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 3 8 theme Ornithinimicrobium 496:513 arg1 K22-20T 526:532 Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T 496:532 Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) 496:541 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 3 8 theme Ornithinimicrobium 496:513 arg1 % 540:540 98.3 % 535:540 98.3 % 535:540 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 2 9 theme taxonomic 264:272 arg1 position 274:281 its taxonomic position 260:281 its taxonomic position 260:281 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 3 10 theme kibberense 515:524 arg1 K22-20T 526:532 Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T 496:532 Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) 496:541 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 3 10 theme kibberense 515:524 arg1 % 540:540 98.3 % 535:540 98.3 % 535:540 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 9 11 theme described 1390:1398 arg1 taxa 1400:1403 the previously described taxa 1375:1403 the previously described taxa 1375:1403 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 3 12 theme gene 313:316 arg1 similarity 327:336 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 300:336 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 300:344 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 4 13 theme reassociation 646:658 arg1 value 660:664 less than 22 % DNA reassociation value 627:664 less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) 627:697 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 26395130 8 14 theme acid 1220:1223 arg1 patterns 1225:1232 the fatty acid patterns 1210:1232 the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1210:1285 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 3 15 dep Ornithinimicrobium 547:564 arg1 humiphilum 566:575 humiphilum 566:575 humiphilum 566:575 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 3 16 theme genus 397:401 arg1 Ornithinimicrobium 403:420 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 393:420 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 393:420 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 3 17 theme sequence 318:325 arg1 similarity 327:336 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 300:336 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 300:344 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 10 18 theme 39559 1619:1623 arg1 JC311T 1603:1608 the type strain JC311T 1587:1608 the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T) 1587:1639 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 10 18 theme 39559 1619:1623 arg1 28808T 1633:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 4 19 theme kibberense 732:741 arg1 JCM12763T 743:751 kibberense JCM12763T 732:751 kibberense JCM12763T 732:751 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 26395130 6 20 theme diagnostic 889:898 arg1 acid 908:911 the diagnostic diamino acid 885:911 the diagnostic diamino acid 885:911 The peptidoglycan contained l-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26395130 6 20 theme diagnostic 889:898 arg1 l-ornithine 870:880 l-ornithine 870:880 l-ornithine 870:880 The peptidoglycan contained l-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26395130 3 21 theme Ornithinimicrobium 403:420 arg1 member 383:388 a member 381:388 a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium 381:420 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 0 22 theme algicola 19:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp 0:29 Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 0:30 Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 2 23 theme Gram-staining-positive 113:134 arg1 JC311T 179:184 strain JC311T 172:184 strain JC311T 172:184 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 2 23 theme Gram-staining-positive 113:134 arg1 actinobacterium 155:169 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 111:169 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 111:169 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 8 24 theme major 1114:1118 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 8 24 theme major 1114:1118 arg1 consistent 1194:1203 consistent 1194:1203 consistent 1194:1203 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 1 25 theme green 81:85 arg1 alga 87:90 the green alga 77:90 the green alga of the genus Ulva 77:108 nov., a marine actinobacterium isolated from the green alga of the genus Ulva. 26395130 7 26 dep lipids 955:960 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 962:983 diphosphatidylglycerol 962:983 diphosphatidylglycerol 962:983 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 7 26 dep lipids 955:960 arg1 lipids 1102:1107 two unidentified lipids 1085:1107 two unidentified lipids 1085:1107 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 7 26 dep lipids 955:960 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 986:1005 phosphatidylglycerol 986:1005 phosphatidylglycerol 986:1005 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 7 26 dep lipids 955:960 arg1 aminophospholipid 1049:1065 aminophospholipid 1049:1065 aminophospholipid 1049:1065 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 7 26 dep lipids 955:960 arg1 phospholipid 1068:1079 phospholipid 1068:1079 phospholipid 1068:1079 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 7 26 dep lipids 955:960 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 1008:1027 phosphatidylinositol 1008:1027 phosphatidylinositol 1008:1027 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 7 26 dep lipids 955:960 arg1 lipids 955:960 the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids 951:1107 the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids 951:1107 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 7 26 dep lipids 955:960 arg1 glycophospholipid 1030:1046 glycophospholipid 1030:1046 glycophospholipid 1030:1046 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 2 27 attach isolated 187:194 arg2 actinobacterium 155:169 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 111:169 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 111:169 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 2 27 attach isolated 187:194 arg1 alga 214:217 marine green alga 201:217 marine green alga of the genus Ulva 201:235 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 2 27 attach isolated 187:194 arg2 JC311T 179:184 strain JC311T 172:184 strain JC311T 172:184 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 0 28 theme Ornithinimicrobium 0:17 arg1 sp 28:29 Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp 0:29 Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 0:30 Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 1 29 attach isolated 63:70 arg2 actinobacterium 47:61 a marine actinobacterium 38:61 a marine actinobacterium isolated from the green alga of the genus Ulva 38:108 nov., a marine actinobacterium isolated from the green alga of the genus Ulva. 26395130 1 29 attach isolated 63:70 arg1 alga 87:90 the green alga 77:90 the green alga of the genus Ulva 77:108 nov., a marine actinobacterium isolated from the green alga of the genus Ulva. 26395130 4 30 dep value 660:664 arg1 based 667:671 based 667:671 based on DNA-DNA hybridization 667:696 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 26395130 4 30 dep value 660:664 arg1 % 640:640 % 640:640 % 640:640 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 26395130 5 31 theme JC311T 821:826 arg1 MK-8 832:835 MK-8 832:835 MK-8 832:835 The predominant menaquinone of strain JC311T was MK-8(H4). 26395130 5 31 theme JC311T 821:826 arg1 menaquinone 799:809 The predominant menaquinone 783:809 The predominant menaquinone of strain JC311T 783:826 The predominant menaquinone of strain JC311T was MK-8(H4). 26395130 2 32 dep Gram-staining-positive 113:134 arg1 non-spore-forming 137:153 non-spore-forming 137:153 non-spore-forming 137:153 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 10 33 theme strain 1596:1601 arg1 JC311T 1603:1608 the type strain JC311T 1587:1608 the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T) 1587:1639 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 10 33 theme strain 1596:1601 arg1 28808T 1633:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 9 34 theme Ornithinimicrobium 1544:1561 arg1 sp 1572:1573 Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp 1544:1573 the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp 1535:1573 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 9 35 theme JC311T 1435:1440 arg1 representative 1447:1460 a representative 1445:1460 a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp 1445:1573 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 9 35 theme JC311T 1435:1440 arg1 classification 1417:1430 the classification 1413:1430 the classification of JC311T 1413:1440 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 3 36 theme strain 347:352 arg1 JC311T 354:359 strain JC311T 347:359 strain JC311T 347:359 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 6 37 theme diamino 900:906 arg1 acid 908:911 the diagnostic diamino acid 885:911 the diagnostic diamino acid 885:911 The peptidoglycan contained l-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26395130 6 37 theme diamino 900:906 arg1 l-ornithine 870:880 l-ornithine 870:880 l-ornithine 870:880 The peptidoglycan contained l-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26395130 4 38 theme DNA-DNA 676:682 arg1 hybridization 684:696 DNA-DNA hybridization 676:696 DNA-DNA hybridization 676:696 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 26395130 9 39 theme genus 1488:1492 arg1 Ornithinimicrobium 1494:1511 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1484:1511 the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1484:1511 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 4 40 dep O. 757:758 arg1 humiphilum 760:769 O. humiphilum 757:769 O. humiphilum 757:769 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 26395130 3 41 theme pekingense 470:479 arg1 LW6T 481:484 Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T 451:484 Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %) 451:493 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 3 41 theme pekingense 470:479 arg1 % 492:492 98.6 % 487:492 98.6 % 487:492 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 8 42 with consistent 1194:1203 arg1 patterns 1225:1232 the fatty acid patterns 1210:1232 the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1210:1285 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 3 43 theme Ornithinimicrobium 547:564 arg1 0124T 581:585 Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T 547:585 Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %) 547:594 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 3 43 theme Ornithinimicrobium 547:564 arg1 % 593:593 98.1 % 588:593 98.1 % 588:593 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 10 44 theme type 1591:1594 arg1 JC311T 1603:1608 the type strain JC311T 1587:1608 the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T) 1587:1639 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 10 44 theme type 1591:1594 arg1 28808T 1633:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 8 45 theme fatty 1214:1218 arg1 patterns 1225:1232 the fatty acid patterns 1210:1232 the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1210:1285 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 4 46 theme strain 606:611 arg1 JC311T 613:618 strain JC311T 606:618 strain JC311T 606:618 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 26395130 9 47 theme genomic 1301:1307 arg1 differences 1358:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences 1288:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa 1288:1403 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 5 48 theme strain 814:819 arg1 JC311T 821:826 strain JC311T 814:826 strain JC311T 814:826 The predominant menaquinone of strain JC311T was MK-8(H4). 26395130 2 49 theme strain 172:177 arg1 JC311T 179:184 strain JC311T 172:184 strain JC311T 172:184 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 2 49 theme strain 172:177 arg1 actinobacterium 155:169 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 111:169 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 111:169 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 9 50 theme algicola 1563:1570 arg1 sp 1572:1573 Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp 1544:1573 the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp 1535:1573 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 5 51 theme predominant 787:797 arg1 MK-8 832:835 MK-8 832:835 MK-8 832:835 The predominant menaquinone of strain JC311T was MK-8(H4). 26395130 5 51 theme predominant 787:797 arg1 menaquinone 799:809 The predominant menaquinone 783:809 The predominant menaquinone of strain JC311T 783:826 The predominant menaquinone of strain JC311T was MK-8(H4). 26395130 9 52 theme distinct 1292:1299 arg1 differences 1358:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences 1288:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa 1288:1403 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 3 53 theme Ornithinimicrobium 451:468 arg1 LW6T 481:484 Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T 451:484 Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %) 451:493 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 3 53 theme Ornithinimicrobium 451:468 arg1 % 492:492 98.6 % 487:492 98.6 % 487:492 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 8 54 theme  1ω9c 1167:1171 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids 1110:1130 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 8 54 theme  1ω9c 1167:1171 arg1 consistent 1194:1203 consistent 1194:1203 consistent 1194:1203 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 9 55 theme morphological 1310:1322 arg1 differences 1358:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences 1288:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa 1288:1403 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 2 56 theme green 208:212 arg1 alga 214:217 marine green alga 201:217 marine green alga of the genus Ulva 201:235 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 1 57 theme Ulva 105:108 arg1 alga 87:90 the green alga 77:90 the green alga of the genus Ulva 77:108 nov., a marine actinobacterium isolated from the green alga of the genus Ulva. 26395130 1 58 theme marine 40:45 arg1 actinobacterium 47:61 a marine actinobacterium 38:61 a marine actinobacterium isolated from the green alga of the genus Ulva 38:108 nov., a marine actinobacterium isolated from the green alga of the genus Ulva. 26395130 2 59 theme marine 201:206 arg1 alga 214:217 marine green alga 201:217 marine green alga of the genus Ulva 201:235 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 6 60 contain contained 860:868 arg2 acid 908:911 the diagnostic diamino acid 885:911 the diagnostic diamino acid 885:911 The peptidoglycan contained l-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26395130 6 60 contain contained 860:868 arg2 l-ornithine 870:880 l-ornithine 870:880 l-ornithine 870:880 The peptidoglycan contained l-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26395130 6 60 contain contained 860:868 arg1 peptidoglycan 846:858 The peptidoglycan 842:858 The peptidoglycan 842:858 The peptidoglycan contained l-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26395130 1 61 dep actinobacterium 47:61 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., a marine actinobacterium isolated from the green alga of the genus Ulva. 26395130 9 62 theme physiological 1325:1337 arg1 differences 1358:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences 1288:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa 1288:1403 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 3 63 dep studies 338:344 arg1 the 287:289 the 287:289 the 287:289 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 3 63 dep studies 338:344 arg1 basis 291:295 basis 291:295 basis 291:295 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 9 64 theme Ornithinimicrobium 1494:1511 arg1 species 1473:1479 a novel species 1465:1479 a novel species 1465:1479 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 4 65 dep % 640:640 arg1 22  637:639 22  637:639 22  637:639 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 26395130 7 66 theme lipid 924:928 arg1 profile 930:936 The polar lipid profile 914:936 The polar lipid profile 914:936 The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipid, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26395130 9 67 theme novel 1467:1471 arg1 species 1473:1479 a novel species 1465:1479 a novel species 1465:1479 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 8 68 theme Ornithinimicrobium 1268:1285 arg1 members 1247:1253 members 1247:1253 members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium 1247:1285 The major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. 26395130 3 69 theme 16S 304:306 arg1 similarity 327:336 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 300:336 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 300:344 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 10 70 theme  = KCTC 1611:1617 arg1 JC311T 1603:1608 the type strain JC311T 1587:1608 the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T) 1587:1639 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 10 70 theme  = KCTC 1611:1617 arg1 28808T 1633:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 3 71 theme HKI 577:579 arg1 0124T 581:585 Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T 547:585 Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %) 547:594 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 3 71 theme HKI 577:579 arg1 % 593:593 98.1 % 588:593 98.1 % 588:593 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 10 72 theme LMG 1629:1631 arg1 JC311T 1603:1608 the type strain JC311T 1587:1608 the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T) 1587:1639 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 10 72 theme LMG 1629:1631 arg1 28808T 1633:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638  = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T 1611:1638 nov., with the type strain JC311T ( = KCTC 39559 T = LMG 28808T). 26395130 9 73 theme species 1473:1479 arg1 representative 1447:1460 a representative 1445:1460 a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp 1445:1573 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 9 73 theme species 1473:1479 arg1 classification 1417:1430 the classification 1413:1430 the classification of JC311T 1413:1440 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 4 74 dep O. 729:730 arg1 KCTC19901T 771:780 KCTC19901T 771:780 KCTC19901T 771:780 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 26395130 4 74 dep O. 729:730 arg1 JCM12763T 743:751 kibberense JCM12763T 732:751 kibberense JCM12763T 732:751 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 26395130 9 75 theme chemotaxonomic 1343:1356 arg1 differences 1358:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences 1288:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa 1288:1403 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 3 76 theme rRNA 308:311 arg1 similarity 327:336 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 300:336 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 300:344 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC311T was shown represent a member of the genus Ornithinimicrobium and to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (98.6 %), Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.3 %) and Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum HKI 0124T (98.1 %). 26395130 2 77 theme Ulva 232:235 arg1 alga 214:217 marine green alga 201:217 marine green alga of the genus Ulva 201:235 A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain JC311T, isolated from marine green alga of the genus Ulva was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 26395130 9 78 from taxa 1400:1403 arg1 differences 1358:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences 1288:1368 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa 1288:1403 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 9 79 dep name 1539:1542 arg1 sp 1572:1573 Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp 1544:1573 the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp 1535:1573 The distinct genomic, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of JC311T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium algicola sp. 26395130 4 80 theme DNA 642:644 arg1 value 660:664 less than 22 % DNA reassociation value 627:664 less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) 627:697 However, strain JC311T showed less than 22 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with O. pekingense JCM14001T, O. kibberense JCM12763T and O. humiphilum KCTC19901T. 25236424 4 0 theme % 905:905 arg1 SBOS 907:910 0.5% SBOS 902:910 0.5% SBOS (experimental group) 902:931 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 4 0 theme % 905:905 arg1 group 926:930 experimental group 913:930 experimental group 913:930 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 6 1 theme fatty 1314:1318 arg1 acid 1320:1323 short-chain fatty acid 1302:1323 short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen 1302:1347 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 1 2 theme active 288:293 arg1 improvement 202:212 The improvement 198:212 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning 198:280 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 1 2 theme active 288:293 arg1 area 295:298 an active area 285:298 an active area of research in pig nutrition 285:327 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 2 3 with supplementation 418:432 arg1 oligosaccharides 447:462 soybean oligosaccharides 439:462 soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) 439:469 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 2 3 with supplementation 418:432 arg1 SBOS 465:468 SBOS 465:468 SBOS 465:468 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 2 4 theme genes 634:638 arg1 composition 523:533 microbiota composition 512:533 microbiota composition 512:533 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 2 4 theme genes 634:638 arg1 concentrations 589:602 luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations 536:602 luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations 536:602 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 2 4 theme genes 634:638 arg1 expression 620:629 intestinal expression 609:629 intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function 609:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 7 5 theme necrosis 1739:1746 arg1 factor 1748:1753 tumor necrosis factor α 1733:1755 tumor necrosis factor α 1733:1755 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 4 6 theme corn 871:874 arg1 starch 876:881 0.5% corn starch 866:881 0.5% corn starch (control group) 866:897 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 4 6 theme corn 871:874 arg1 group 892:896 control group 884:896 control group 884:896 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 1 7 from nutrition 319:327 arg1 improvement 202:212 The improvement 198:212 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning 198:280 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 1 7 from nutrition 319:327 arg1 area 295:298 an active area 285:298 an active area of research in pig nutrition 285:327 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 6 8 theme catabolites 1531:1541 arg1 potential 1415:1423 pathogenic potential 1404:1423 pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) 1404:1480 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 6 8 theme catabolites 1531:1541 arg1 concentration 1490:1502 the concentration 1486:1502 the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia) 1486:1587 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 0 9 theme Huanjiang 174:182 arg1 mini-piglets 184:195 weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 167:195 weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 167:195 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 8 10 theme SBOS 1858:1861 arg1 supplementation 1863:1877 SBOS supplementation 1858:1877 SBOS supplementation 1858:1877 These findings suggest that SBOS supplementation modifies the intestinal ecosystem in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets and has potentially beneficial effects on the gut. 25236424 2 11 theme present 334:340 arg1 study 342:346 The present study 330:346 The present study 330:346 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 6 12 theme several 1507:1513 arg1 catabolites 1531:1541 several protein-derived catabolites 1507:1541 several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia) 1507:1587 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 1 13 theme health 221:226 arg1 improvement 202:212 The improvement 198:212 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning 198:280 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 1 13 theme health 221:226 arg1 area 295:298 an active area 285:298 an active area of research in pig nutrition 285:327 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 2 14 theme concentrations 589:602 arg1 terms 503:507 terms 503:507 terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function 503:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 4 15 theme control 884:890 arg1 starch 876:881 0.5% corn starch 866:881 0.5% corn starch (control group) 866:897 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 4 15 theme control 884:890 arg1 group 892:896 control group 884:896 control group 884:896 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 0 16 theme luminal 148:154 arg1 content 156:162 the intestinal luminal content 133:162 the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 133:195 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 1 17 theme function 232:239 arg1 improvement 202:212 The improvement 198:212 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning 198:280 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 1 17 theme function 232:239 arg1 area 295:298 an active area 285:298 an active area of research in pig nutrition 285:327 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 8 18 from ecosystem 1903:1911 arg1 mini-piglets 1933:1944 weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 1916:1944 weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 1916:1944 These findings suggest that SBOS supplementation modifies the intestinal ecosystem in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets and has potentially beneficial effects on the gut. 25236424 1 19 theme prebiotic 246:254 arg1 supplements 256:266 prebiotic supplements 246:266 prebiotic supplements 246:266 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 6 20 dep reduced 1357:1363 arg1 < 1368:1368 P < .05 1366:1372 P < .05 1366:1372 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 2 21 theme expression 620:629 arg1 terms 503:507 terms 503:507 terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function 503:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 6 22 theme Soybean 1226:1232 arg1 supplementation 1250:1264 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation 1226:1264 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation 1226:1264 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 5 23 with supplementation 966:980 arg1 SBOS 987:990 SBOS 987:990 SBOS 987:990 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 6 24 theme intestinal 1332:1341 arg1 lumen 1343:1347 the intestinal lumen 1328:1347 the intestinal lumen 1328:1347 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 6 25 dep isobutyrate 1550:1560 arg1 e.g. 1544:1547 e.g. 1544:1547 e.g. 1544:1547 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 4 26 contain containing 819:828 arg2 supplementation 845:859 dietary supplementation 837:859 dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) 837:897 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 4 26 contain containing 819:828 arg2 group 926:930 experimental group 913:930 experimental group 913:930 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 4 26 contain containing 819:828 arg1 diet 814:817 a standard diet 803:817 a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group) 803:931 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 4 26 contain containing 819:828 arg2 SBOS 907:910 0.5% SBOS 902:910 0.5% SBOS (experimental group) 902:931 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 0 27 from catabolites 118:128 arg1 content 156:162 the intestinal luminal content 133:162 the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 133:195 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 4 28 with supplementation 845:859 arg1 starch 876:881 0.5% corn starch 866:881 0.5% corn starch (control group) 866:897 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 4 28 with supplementation 845:859 arg1 group 892:896 control group 884:896 control group 884:896 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 5 29 theme bacteria 1117:1124 arg1 numbers 1068:1074 the numbers 1064:1074 the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia) 1064:1223 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 7 30 theme RNA 1687:1689 arg1 expression 1644:1653 expression 1644:1653 expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA 1644:1689 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 2 31 theme microbiota 512:521 arg1 composition 523:533 microbiota composition 512:533 microbiota composition 512:533 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 7 32 dep increased 1624:1632 arg1 < 1637:1637 P < .05 1635:1641 P < .05 1635:1641 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 2 33 theme fatty 566:570 arg1 acid 572:575 short-chain fatty acid 554:575 short-chain fatty acid 554:575 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 8 34 theme weaned 1916:1921 arg1 mini-piglets 1933:1944 weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 1916:1944 weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 1916:1944 These findings suggest that SBOS supplementation modifies the intestinal ecosystem in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets and has potentially beneficial effects on the gut. 25236424 7 35 theme zonula 1658:1663 arg1 occludens 1665:1673 zonula occludens 1 1658:1675 zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA 1658:1689 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 2 36 theme bacterial 544:552 arg1 concentrations 589:602 luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations 536:602 luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations 536:602 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 5 37 theme beneficial 1095:1104 arg1 bacteria 1117:1124 some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria 1079:1124 some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia) 1079:1223 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 2 38 theme dietary 410:416 arg1 supplementation 418:432 medium-term dietary supplementation 398:432 medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) 398:469 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 0 39 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 supplementation 8:22 Dietary supplementation 0:22 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides 0:52 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 1 40 theme research 303:310 arg1 improvement 202:212 The improvement 198:212 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning 198:280 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 1 40 theme research 303:310 arg1 area 295:298 an active area 285:298 an active area of research in pig nutrition 285:327 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 2 41 theme barrier 675:681 arg1 function 683:690 barrier function 675:690 barrier function 675:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 8 42 theme beneficial 1966:1975 arg1 effects 1977:1983 potentially beneficial effects 1954:1983 potentially beneficial effects on the gut 1954:1994 These findings suggest that SBOS supplementation modifies the intestinal ecosystem in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets and has potentially beneficial effects on the gut. 25236424 1 43 theme pig 315:317 arg1 nutrition 319:327 pig nutrition 315:327 pig nutrition 315:327 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 7 44 theme P 1635:1635 arg1 < 1637:1637 P < .05 1635:1641 P < .05 1635:1641 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 3 45 theme Huanjiang 697:705 arg1 mini-piglets 707:718 Ten Huanjiang mini-piglets 693:718 Ten Huanjiang mini-piglets 693:718 Ten Huanjiang mini-piglets, weaned at 21 days of age, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. 25236424 6 46 theme pathogenic 1404:1413 arg1 potential 1415:1423 pathogenic potential 1404:1423 pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) 1404:1480 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 5 47 theme Bifidobacterium 1133:1147 arg1 sp 1149:1150 Bifidobacterium sp 1133:1150 Bifidobacterium sp 1133:1150 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 5 48 theme microflora 1030:1039 arg1 diversity 1006:1014 the diversity 1002:1014 the diversity of intestinal microflora 1002:1039 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 0 49 link protein-derived 102:116 arg1 catabolites 118:128 protein-derived catabolites 102:128 protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 102:195 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 4 50 theme 0.5 866:868 arg1 % 869:869 % 869:869 % 869:869 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 6 51 theme bacteria 1390:1397 arg1 numbers 1379:1385 the numbers 1375:1385 the numbers of bacteria 1375:1397 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 6 52 from lumen 1343:1347 arg1 concentration 1285:1297 the concentration 1281:1297 the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen 1281:1347 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 7 53 theme messenger 1792:1800 arg1 RNA 1802:1804 messenger RNA 1792:1804 messenger RNA 1792:1804 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 6 54 from acid 1320:1323 arg1 lumen 1343:1347 the intestinal lumen 1328:1347 the intestinal lumen 1328:1347 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 7 55 theme factor 1748:1753 arg1 expression 1719:1728 expression 1719:1728 expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon 1719:1827 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 3 56 theme age 742:744 arg1 days 734:737 21 days 731:737 21 days of age 731:744 Ten Huanjiang mini-piglets, weaned at 21 days of age, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. 25236424 6 57 theme acid 1320:1323 arg1 concentration 1285:1297 the concentration 1281:1297 the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen 1281:1347 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 2 58 theme working 374:380 arg1 hypothesis 382:391 the working hypothesis 370:391 the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function 370:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 2 59 theme related 640:646 arg1 genes 634:638 genes 634:638 genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function 634:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 7 60 theme tumor 1733:1737 arg1 factor 1748:1753 tumor necrosis factor α 1733:1755 tumor necrosis factor α 1733:1755 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 6 61 theme short-chain 1302:1312 arg1 acid 1320:1323 short-chain fatty acid 1302:1323 short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen 1302:1347 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 6 62 from concentration 1285:1297 arg1 lumen 1343:1347 the intestinal lumen 1328:1347 the intestinal lumen 1328:1347 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 7 63 theme interleukin 1778:1788 arg1 expression 1719:1728 expression 1719:1728 expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon 1719:1827 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 0 64 theme short-chain 64:74 arg1 acids 82:86 short-chain fatty acids 64:86 short-chain fatty acids 64:86 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 4 65 theme % 869:869 arg1 starch 876:881 0.5% corn starch 866:881 0.5% corn starch (control group) 866:897 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 4 65 theme % 869:869 arg1 group 892:896 control group 884:896 control group 884:896 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 5 66 dep elevated 1045:1052 arg1 < 1057:1057 P < .05 1055:1061 P < .05 1055:1061 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 1 67 from research 303:310 arg1 nutrition 319:327 pig nutrition 315:327 pig nutrition 315:327 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 6 68 theme protein-derived 1515:1529 arg1 catabolites 1531:1541 several protein-derived catabolites 1507:1541 several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia) 1507:1587 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 1 69 theme gut 217:219 arg1 health 221:226 gut health 217:226 gut health 217:226 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 2 70 theme intestinal 651:660 arg1 immunity 662:669 intestinal immunity 651:669 intestinal immunity 651:669 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 7 71 theme P 1710:1710 arg1 < 1712:1712 P < .05 1710:1716 P < .05 1710:1716 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 7 72 dep factor 1748:1753 arg1 RNA 1802:1804 messenger RNA 1792:1804 messenger RNA 1792:1804 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 1 73 from area 295:298 arg1 nutrition 319:327 pig nutrition 315:327 pig nutrition 315:327 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 7 74 theme SBOS 1603:1606 arg1 supplementation 1608:1622 SBOS supplementation 1603:1622 SBOS supplementation 1603:1622 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 2 75 theme ammonia 581:587 arg1 concentrations 589:602 luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations 536:602 luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations 536:602 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 0 76 theme weaned 167:172 arg1 mini-piglets 184:195 weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 167:195 weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 167:195 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 2 77 theme acid 572:575 arg1 concentrations 589:602 luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations 536:602 luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations 536:602 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 6 78 theme oligosaccharide 1234:1248 arg1 supplementation 1250:1264 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation 1226:1264 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation 1226:1264 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 0 79 theme mini-piglets 184:195 arg1 content 156:162 the intestinal luminal content 133:162 the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 133:195 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 2 80 theme intestinal 609:618 arg1 expression 620:629 intestinal expression 609:629 intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function 609:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 5 81 theme P 1055:1055 arg1 < 1057:1057 P < .05 1055:1061 P < .05 1055:1061 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 6 82 link protein-derived 1515:1529 arg1 catabolites 1531:1541 several protein-derived catabolites 1507:1541 several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia) 1507:1587 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 8 83 theme intestinal 1892:1901 arg1 ecosystem 1903:1911 the intestinal ecosystem 1888:1911 the intestinal ecosystem in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 1888:1944 These findings suggest that SBOS supplementation modifies the intestinal ecosystem in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets and has potentially beneficial effects on the gut. 25236424 4 84 theme 0.5 902:904 arg1 % 905:905 % 905:905 % 905:905 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 2 85 theme composition 523:533 arg1 terms 503:507 terms 503:507 terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function 503:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 8 86 from effects 1977:1983 arg1 gut 1992:1994 the gut 1988:1994 the gut 1988:1994 These findings suggest that SBOS supplementation modifies the intestinal ecosystem in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets and has potentially beneficial effects on the gut. 25236424 0 87 theme protein-derived 102:116 arg1 catabolites 118:128 protein-derived catabolites 102:128 protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 102:195 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 4 88 theme experimental 913:924 arg1 SBOS 907:910 0.5% SBOS 902:910 0.5% SBOS (experimental group) 902:931 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 4 88 theme experimental 913:924 arg1 group 926:930 experimental group 913:930 experimental group 913:930 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 8 89 theme Huanjiang 1923:1931 arg1 mini-piglets 1933:1944 weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 1916:1944 weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 1916:1944 These findings suggest that SBOS supplementation modifies the intestinal ecosystem in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets and has potentially beneficial effects on the gut. 25236424 5 90 theme dietary 958:964 arg1 supplementation 966:980 dietary supplementation 958:980 dietary supplementation with SBOS 958:990 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 7 91 theme messenger 1677:1685 arg1 RNA 1687:1689 zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA 1658:1689 zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA 1658:1689 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 2 92 theme short-chain 554:564 arg1 acid 572:575 short-chain fatty acid 554:575 short-chain fatty acid 554:575 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 2 93 from ecosystem 490:498 arg1 terms 503:507 terms 503:507 terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function 503:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 7 94 dep decreased 1699:1707 arg1 < 1712:1712 P < .05 1710:1716 P < .05 1710:1716 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 0 95 theme intestinal 137:146 arg1 content 156:162 the intestinal luminal content 133:162 the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets 133:195 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 7 96 theme occludens 1665:1673 arg1 RNA 1687:1689 zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA 1658:1689 zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA 1658:1689 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 2 97 theme luminal 536:542 arg1 concentrations 589:602 luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations 536:602 luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations 536:602 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 2 98 dep hypothesis 382:391 arg1 affect 475:480 affect 475:480 can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function 471:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 6 99 theme P 1366:1366 arg1 < 1368:1368 P < .05 1366:1372 P < .05 1366:1372 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 5 100 theme intestinal 1106:1115 arg1 bacteria 1117:1124 some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria 1079:1124 some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia) 1079:1223 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 2 101 theme medium-term 398:408 arg1 supplementation 418:432 medium-term dietary supplementation 398:432 medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) 398:469 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 0 102 theme soybean 29:35 arg1 oligosaccharides 37:52 soybean oligosaccharides 29:52 soybean oligosaccharides 29:52 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 4 103 with SBOS 907:910 arg1 starch 876:881 0.5% corn starch 866:881 0.5% corn starch (control group) 866:897 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 4 103 with SBOS 907:910 arg1 group 892:896 control group 884:896 control group 884:896 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 5 104 dep bacteria 1117:1124 arg1 Roseburia 1214:1222 Roseburia 1214:1222 Roseburia 1214:1222 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 5 104 dep bacteria 1117:1124 arg1 e.g. 1127:1130 e.g. 1127:1130 e.g. 1127:1130 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 5 104 dep bacteria 1117:1124 arg1 sp 1149:1150 Bifidobacterium sp 1133:1150 Bifidobacterium sp 1133:1150 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 5 104 dep bacteria 1117:1124 arg1 prausnitzii 1170:1180 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1153:1180 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1153:1180 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 5 104 dep bacteria 1117:1124 arg1 prausnitzii 1197:1207 Fusobacterium prausnitzii 1183:1207 Fusobacterium prausnitzii 1183:1207 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 5 105 theme intestinal 1019:1028 arg1 microflora 1030:1039 intestinal microflora 1019:1039 intestinal microflora 1019:1039 The results showed that dietary supplementation with SBOS increased the diversity of intestinal microflora and elevated (P < .05) the numbers of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium sp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia). 25236424 4 106 theme dietary 837:843 arg1 supplementation 845:859 dietary supplementation 837:859 dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) 837:897 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 2 107 theme soybean 439:445 arg1 oligosaccharides 447:462 soybean oligosaccharides 439:462 soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) 439:469 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 2 107 theme soybean 439:445 arg1 SBOS 465:468 SBOS 465:468 SBOS 465:468 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 0 108 theme fatty 76:80 arg1 acids 82:86 short-chain fatty acids 64:86 short-chain fatty acids 64:86 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 6 109 dep coli 1444:1447 arg1 e.g. 1426:1429 e.g. 1426:1429 e.g. 1426:1429 Soybean oligosaccharide supplementation also increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal lumen, and it reduced (P < .05) the numbers of bacteria with pathogenic potential (e.g., Escherichia coli, Clostridium, and Streptococcus) and the concentration of several protein-derived catabolites (e.g., isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ammonia). 25236424 2 110 theme gut 486:488 arg1 ecosystem 490:498 the gut ecosystem 482:498 the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function 482:690 The present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. 25236424 0 111 with supplementation 8:22 arg1 oligosaccharides 37:52 soybean oligosaccharides 29:52 soybean oligosaccharides 29:52 Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets. 25236424 1 112 with improvement 202:212 arg1 supplements 256:266 prebiotic supplements 246:266 prebiotic supplements 246:266 The improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. 25236424 4 113 theme standard 805:812 arg1 diet 814:817 a standard diet 803:817 a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group) 803:931 Each group received a standard diet containing either dietary supplementation with 0.5% corn starch (control group) or 0.5% SBOS (experimental group). 25236424 8 114 contain has 1950:1952 arg2 effects 1977:1983 potentially beneficial effects 1954:1983 potentially beneficial effects on the gut 1954:1994 These findings suggest that SBOS supplementation modifies the intestinal ecosystem in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets and has potentially beneficial effects on the gut. 25236424 8 114 contain has 1950:1952 arg1 supplementation 1863:1877 SBOS supplementation 1858:1877 SBOS supplementation 1858:1877 These findings suggest that SBOS supplementation modifies the intestinal ecosystem in weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets and has potentially beneficial effects on the gut. 25236424 7 115 theme interleukin 1758:1768 arg1 expression 1719:1728 expression 1719:1728 expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon 1719:1827 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 7 116 from expression 1719:1728 arg1 ileum 1813:1817 ileum 1813:1817 ileum 1813:1817 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 25236424 7 116 from expression 1719:1728 arg1 colon 1823:1827 colon 1823:1827 colon 1823:1827 In addition, SBOS supplementation increased (P < .05) expression of zonula occludens 1 messenger RNA, and it decreased (P < .05) expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 8 messenger RNA in the ileum and colon. 26452859 2 0 theme @ 447:447 arg1 materials 412:420 these three materials 400:420 these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) 400:461 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 2 0 theme @ 447:447 arg1 CS-HCl 455:460 acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl 423:460 CS-HCl 455:460 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 1 1 theme substrate 306:314 arg1 materials 316:324 substrate materials 306:324 substrate materials 306:324 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 1 theme substrate 306:314 arg1 acid 208:211 ferrocenecarboxylic acid 188:211 ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA) 188:216 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 3 2 used used 539:542 arg2 nanosheets 523:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets 514:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets 514:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets were used in the immunosensor to amplify the antibody capacity and to enhance the sensitivity of the immunoassay. 26452859 2 3 dep CS-HCl 455:460 arg1 FA 445:446 acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl 423:460 FA 445:446 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 5 4 theme low 774:776 arg1 limit 788:792 low detection limit 774:792 low detection limit (0.25 pg/mL) 774:805 The biosensor exhibited low detection limit (0.25 pg/mL) and wide linear range (0.001-25 ng/mL). 26452859 5 4 theme low 774:776 arg1 pg/mL 800:804 0.25 pg/mL 795:804 0.25 pg/mL 795:804 The biosensor exhibited low detection limit (0.25 pg/mL) and wide linear range (0.001-25 ng/mL). 26452859 2 5 from H 493:493 arg1 molecule 504:511 each molecule 499:511 each molecule 499:511 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 5 6 theme linear 816:821 arg1 range 823:827 wide linear range 811:827 wide linear range (0.001-25 ng/mL) 811:844 The biosensor exhibited low detection limit (0.25 pg/mL) and wide linear range (0.001-25 ng/mL). 26452859 5 6 theme linear 816:821 arg1 ng/mL 839:843 0.001-25 ng/mL 830:843 0.001-25 ng/mL 830:843 The biosensor exhibited low detection limit (0.25 pg/mL) and wide linear range (0.001-25 ng/mL). 26452859 5 7 theme wide 811:814 arg1 range 823:827 wide linear range 811:827 wide linear range (0.001-25 ng/mL) 811:844 The biosensor exhibited low detection limit (0.25 pg/mL) and wide linear range (0.001-25 ng/mL). 26452859 5 7 theme wide 811:814 arg1 ng/mL 839:843 0.001-25 ng/mL 830:843 0.001-25 ng/mL 830:843 The biosensor exhibited low detection limit (0.25 pg/mL) and wide linear range (0.001-25 ng/mL). 26452859 4 8 theme CA125 743:747 arg1 detection 730:738 the detection 726:738 the detection of CA125 726:747 This kind of sensor was novel, concise and it is the first time to be used in the detection of CA125. 26452859 4 9 theme sensor 661:666 arg1 kind 653:656 This kind 648:656 This kind of sensor 648:666 This kind of sensor was novel, concise and it is the first time to be used in the detection of CA125. 26452859 1 10 theme chitosan 254:261 arg1 CS-HCl 278:283 CS-HCl 278:283 CS-HCl 278:283 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 10 theme chitosan 254:261 arg1 hydrochloride 263:275 HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride 219:275 HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl) 219:284 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 10 theme chitosan 254:261 arg1 acid 208:211 ferrocenecarboxylic acid 188:211 ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA) 188:216 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 3 11 theme immunoassay 635:645 arg1 sensitivity 616:626 the sensitivity 612:626 the sensitivity of the immunoassay 612:645 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets were used in the immunosensor to amplify the antibody capacity and to enhance the sensitivity of the immunoassay. 26452859 7 12 theme proposed 949:956 arg1 sensor 958:963 the proposed sensor 945:963 the proposed sensor 945:963 Serum sample analysis proved that the proposed sensor owned well precision and it might be used in potential clinic testing application in the future. 26452859 1 13 theme CA125 173:177 arg1 detection 160:168 detection 160:168 detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area 160:380 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 0 14 theme acid 53:56 arg1 compound 63:70 acid site compound 53:70 acid site compound 53:70 Ultrasensitive immunoassay for CA125 detection using acid site compound as signal and enhancer. 26452859 2 15 theme materials 412:420 arg1 materials 412:420 these three materials 400:420 these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) 400:461 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 2 15 theme materials 412:420 arg1 composite 387:395 The composite 383:395 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) 383:461 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 7 16 theme clinic 1020:1025 arg1 application 1035:1045 potential clinic testing application 1010:1045 potential clinic testing application in the future 1010:1059 Serum sample analysis proved that the proposed sensor owned well precision and it might be used in potential clinic testing application in the future. 26452859 0 17 theme Ultrasensitive 0:13 arg1 immunoassay 15:25 Ultrasensitive immunoassay 0:25 Ultrasensitive immunoassay for CA125 detection 0:45 Ultrasensitive immunoassay for CA125 detection using acid site compound as signal and enhancer. 26452859 1 18 theme ferrocenecarboxylic 188:206 arg1 materials 316:324 substrate materials 306:324 substrate materials 306:324 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 18 theme ferrocenecarboxylic 188:206 arg1 hydrochloride 263:275 HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride 219:275 HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl) 219:284 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 18 theme ferrocenecarboxylic 188:206 arg1 FA 214:215 FA 214:215 FA 214:215 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 18 theme ferrocenecarboxylic 188:206 arg1 acid 208:211 ferrocenecarboxylic acid 188:211 ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA) 188:216 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 0 19 theme CA125 31:35 arg1 detection 37:45 CA125 detection 31:45 CA125 detection 31:45 Ultrasensitive immunoassay for CA125 detection using acid site compound as signal and enhancer. 26452859 4 20 theme first 701:705 arg1 it 691:692 it 691:692 it 691:692 This kind of sensor was novel, concise and it is the first time to be used in the detection of CA125. 26452859 4 20 theme first 701:705 arg1 time 707:710 the first time 697:710 the first time to be used in the detection of CA125 697:747 This kind of sensor was novel, concise and it is the first time to be used in the detection of CA125. 26452859 7 21 theme potential 1010:1018 arg1 application 1035:1045 potential clinic testing application 1010:1045 potential clinic testing application in the future 1010:1059 Serum sample analysis proved that the proposed sensor owned well precision and it might be used in potential clinic testing application in the future. 26452859 2 22 theme hydrogen 483:490 arg1 H 493:493 hydrogen (H) 483:494 hydrogen (H) in each molecule 483:511 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 7 23 from application 1035:1045 arg1 future 1054:1059 future 1054:1059 future 1054:1059 Serum sample analysis proved that the proposed sensor owned well precision and it might be used in potential clinic testing application in the future. 26452859 1 24 theme novel 98:102 arg1 immunosensor 130:141 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor 96:141 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor 96:141 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 2 25 theme center 428:433 arg1 materials 412:420 these three materials 400:420 these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) 400:461 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 2 25 theme center 428:433 arg1 CS-HCl 455:460 acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl 423:460 CS-HCl 455:460 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 7 26 theme Serum 911:915 arg1 analysis 924:931 Serum sample analysis 911:931 Serum sample analysis 911:931 Serum sample analysis proved that the proposed sensor owned well precision and it might be used in potential clinic testing application in the future. 26452859 1 27 theme specific 360:367 arg1 area 377:380 specific surface area 360:380 specific surface area 360:380 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 3 28 theme Ag 514:515 arg1 nanosheets 523:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets 514:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets 514:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets were used in the immunosensor to amplify the antibody capacity and to enhance the sensitivity of the immunoassay. 26452859 2 29 theme compound 435:442 arg1 materials 412:420 these three materials 400:420 these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) 400:461 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 2 29 theme compound 435:442 arg1 CS-HCl 455:460 acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl 423:460 CS-HCl 455:460 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 7 30 theme sample 917:922 arg1 analysis 924:931 Serum sample analysis 911:931 Serum sample analysis 911:931 Serum sample analysis proved that the proposed sensor owned well precision and it might be used in potential clinic testing application in the future. 26452859 1 31 theme surface 369:375 arg1 area 377:380 specific surface area 360:380 specific surface area 360:380 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 3 32 theme @ 516:516 arg1 nanosheets 523:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets 514:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets 514:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets were used in the immunosensor to amplify the antibody capacity and to enhance the sensitivity of the immunoassay. 26452859 0 33 theme site 58:61 arg1 compound 63:70 acid site compound 53:70 acid site compound 53:70 Ultrasensitive immunoassay for CA125 detection using acid site compound as signal and enhancer. 26452859 1 34 theme sensitive 104:112 arg1 immunosensor 130:141 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor 96:141 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor 96:141 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 2 35 theme acid 423:426 arg1 materials 412:420 these three materials 400:420 these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) 400:461 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 2 35 theme acid 423:426 arg1 CS-HCl 455:460 acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl 423:460 CS-HCl 455:460 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 3 36 theme antibody 579:586 arg1 capacity 588:595 the antibody capacity 575:595 the antibody capacity 575:595 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets were used in the immunosensor to amplify the antibody capacity and to enhance the sensitivity of the immunoassay. 26452859 1 37 theme electrochemical 114:128 arg1 immunosensor 130:141 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor 96:141 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor 96:141 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 7 38 used used 1002:1005 arg2 it 990:991 it 990:991 it 990:991 Serum sample analysis proved that the proposed sensor owned well precision and it might be used in potential clinic testing application in the future. 26452859 5 39 theme detection 778:786 arg1 limit 788:792 low detection limit 774:792 low detection limit (0.25 pg/mL) 774:805 The biosensor exhibited low detection limit (0.25 pg/mL) and wide linear range (0.001-25 ng/mL). 26452859 5 39 theme detection 778:786 arg1 pg/mL 800:804 0.25 pg/mL 795:804 0.25 pg/mL 795:804 The biosensor exhibited low detection limit (0.25 pg/mL) and wide linear range (0.001-25 ng/mL). 26452859 1 40 theme HCl-doped 219:227 arg1 polyaniline 229:239 HCl-doped polyaniline 219:239 HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) 219:248 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 40 theme HCl-doped 219:227 arg1 H-PANI 242:247 H-PANI 242:247 H-PANI 242:247 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 2 41 theme @ 454:454 arg1 materials 412:420 these three materials 400:420 these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) 400:461 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 2 41 theme @ 454:454 arg1 CS-HCl 455:460 acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl 423:460 CS-HCl 455:460 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 3 42 theme Co3O4 517:521 arg1 nanosheets 523:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets 514:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets 514:532 Ag@Co3O4 nanosheets were used in the immunosensor to amplify the antibody capacity and to enhance the sensitivity of the immunoassay. 26452859 1 43 theme polyaniline 229:239 arg1 CS-HCl 278:283 CS-HCl 278:283 CS-HCl 278:283 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 43 theme polyaniline 229:239 arg1 hydrochloride 263:275 HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride 219:275 HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl) 219:284 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 43 theme polyaniline 229:239 arg1 acid 208:211 ferrocenecarboxylic acid 188:211 ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA) 188:216 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 2 44 theme H-PANI 448:453 arg1 materials 412:420 these three materials 400:420 these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) 400:461 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 2 44 theme H-PANI 448:453 arg1 CS-HCl 455:460 acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl 423:460 CS-HCl 455:460 The composite of these three materials (acid center compound, FA@H-PANI@CS-HCl) can be connected by hydrogen (H) in each molecule. 26452859 1 45 used used 298:301 arg2 hydrochloride 263:275 HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride 219:275 HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl) 219:284 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 45 used used 298:301 arg2 FA 214:215 FA 214:215 FA 214:215 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 45 used used 298:301 arg2 acid 208:211 ferrocenecarboxylic acid 188:211 ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA) 188:216 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 1 45 used used 298:301 arg2 materials 316:324 substrate materials 306:324 substrate materials 306:324 A novel sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was proposed for detection of CA125 based on ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA), HCl-doped polyaniline (H-PANI) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS-HCl), which were used as substrate materials to generate signal and to enlarge specific surface area. 26452859 4 46 dep novel 672:676 arg1 concise 679:685 concise 679:685 concise 679:685 This kind of sensor was novel, concise and it is the first time to be used in the detection of CA125. 26452859 7 47 theme testing 1027:1033 arg1 application 1035:1045 potential clinic testing application 1010:1045 potential clinic testing application in the future 1010:1059 Serum sample analysis proved that the proposed sensor owned well precision and it might be used in potential clinic testing application in the future. 23847043 4 0 theme Ca 485:486 arg1 contents 473:480 the contents 469:480 the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline 469:538 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 5 1 from increases 940:948 arg1 acetate 959:965 butyl acetate 953:965 butyl acetate 953:965 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 5 1 from increases 940:948 arg1 butyrate 977:984 isobutyl butyrate 968:984 isobutyl butyrate 968:984 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 5 1 from increases 940:948 arg1 acetate 994:1000 benzyl acetate 987:1000 benzyl acetate 987:1000 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 5 1 from increases 940:948 arg1 butyrate 1025:1032 isoamyl butyrate 1017:1032 isoamyl butyrate 1017:1032 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 6 2 theme control 1050:1056 arg1 basis 1102:1106 a basis 1100:1106 a basis for identification of pomegranate juice adulteration 1100:1159 CONCLUSION The control protocols used in this study can serve as a basis for identification of pomegranate juice adulteration. 23847043 6 2 theme control 1050:1056 arg1 protocols 1058:1066 The control protocols 1046:1066 The control protocols used in this study 1046:1085 CONCLUSION The control protocols used in this study can serve as a basis for identification of pomegranate juice adulteration. 23847043 4 3 theme Mg 489:490 arg1 contents 473:480 the contents 469:480 the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline 469:538 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 2 4 theme fresh 263:267 arg1 pomegranates 269:280 fresh pomegranates 263:280 fresh pomegranates 263:280 However, owing to the limited production and high price of fresh pomegranates, adulteration of pomegranate juice seems to be happening. 23847043 5 5 theme butyl 953:957 arg1 acetate 959:965 butyl acetate 953:965 butyl acetate 953:965 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 7 6 theme fruit 1371:1375 arg1 juice 1377:1381 another fruit juice 1363:1381 another fruit juice 1363:1381 It is important to highlight that it is necessary to simultaneously analyze and have results from several parameters to conclude that a particular pomegranate juice has been adulterated by mixing with another fruit juice. 23847043 5 7 theme grape 762:766 arg1 juice 768:772 grape juice 762:772 grape juice 762:772 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 6 8 theme pomegranate 1130:1140 arg1 adulteration 1148:1159 pomegranate juice adulteration 1130:1159 pomegranate juice adulteration 1130:1159 CONCLUSION The control protocols used in this study can serve as a basis for identification of pomegranate juice adulteration. 23847043 5 9 theme significant 786:796 arg1 increases 798:806 significant increases 786:806 significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool 786:877 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 4 10 theme peach 599:603 arg1 juice 605:609 peach juice 599:609 peach juice up to 10% (v/v) 599:625 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 5 11 theme significant 928:938 arg1 increases 940:948 significant increases 928:948 significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate 928:1032 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 7 12 theme particular 1298:1307 arg1 juice 1321:1325 a particular pomegranate juice 1296:1325 a particular pomegranate juice 1296:1325 It is important to highlight that it is necessary to simultaneously analyze and have results from several parameters to conclude that a particular pomegranate juice has been adulterated by mixing with another fruit juice. 23847043 5 13 theme acetic 811:816 arg1 acid 818:821 acetic acid 811:821 acetic acid 811:821 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 5 14 theme juice 751:755 arg1 adulteration 723:734 adulteration 723:734 adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice 723:772 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 7 15 contain have 1242:1245 arg2 results 1247:1253 results 1247:1253 results from several parameters 1247:1277 It is important to highlight that it is necessary to simultaneously analyze and have results from several parameters to conclude that a particular pomegranate juice has been adulterated by mixing with another fruit juice. 23847043 7 15 contain have 1242:1245 arg1 it 1196:1197 it 1196:1197 it 1196:1197 It is important to highlight that it is necessary to simultaneously analyze and have results from several parameters to conclude that a particular pomegranate juice has been adulterated by mixing with another fruit juice. 23847043 1 16 theme BACKGROUND 69:78 arg1 juice 92:96 BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice 69:96 BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice 69:96 BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice has gained a high reputation for its health properties and consequently is now a highly demanded product. 23847043 0 17 theme juice 12:16 arg1 adulteration 18:29 Pomegranate juice adulteration 0:29 Pomegranate juice adulteration 0:29 Pomegranate juice adulteration by addition of grape or peach juices. 23847043 1 18 theme Pomegranate 80:90 arg1 juice 92:96 BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice 69:96 BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice 69:96 BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice has gained a high reputation for its health properties and consequently is now a highly demanded product. 23847043 0 19 theme Pomegranate 0:10 arg1 adulteration 18:29 Pomegranate juice adulteration 0:29 Pomegranate juice adulteration 0:29 Pomegranate juice adulteration by addition of grape or peach juices. 23847043 4 20 theme sucrose 670:676 arg1 content 678:684 sucrose content 670:684 sucrose content 670:684 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 2 21 dep production 234:243 arg1 the 222:224 the 222:224 the 222:224 However, owing to the limited production and high price of fresh pomegranates, adulteration of pomegranate juice seems to be happening. 23847043 5 22 with adulteration 886:897 arg1 juice 910:914 peach juice 904:914 peach juice 904:914 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 4 23 dep % 619:619 arg1 10 617:618 10 617:618 10 617:618 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 4 23 dep % 619:619 arg1 v/v 622:624 v/v 622:624 v/v 622:624 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 7 24 theme pomegranate 1309:1319 arg1 juice 1321:1325 a particular pomegranate juice 1296:1325 a particular pomegranate juice 1296:1325 It is important to highlight that it is necessary to simultaneously analyze and have results from several parameters to conclude that a particular pomegranate juice has been adulterated by mixing with another fruit juice. 23847043 5 25 theme peach 904:908 arg1 juice 910:914 peach juice 904:914 peach juice 904:914 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 4 26 theme juice 605:609 arg1 Addition 587:594 Addition 587:594 Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) 587:625 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 6 27 theme juice 1142:1146 arg1 adulteration 1148:1159 pomegranate juice adulteration 1130:1159 pomegranate juice adulteration 1130:1159 CONCLUSION The control protocols used in this study can serve as a basis for identification of pomegranate juice adulteration. 23847043 5 28 with adulteration 723:734 arg1 juice 768:772 grape juice 762:772 grape juice 762:772 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 4 29 theme grape 433:437 arg1 juice 439:443 grape juice 433:443 grape juice 433:443 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 2 30 theme pomegranates 269:280 arg1 production 234:243 limited production 226:243 limited production 226:243 However, owing to the limited production and high price of fresh pomegranates, adulteration of pomegranate juice seems to be happening. 23847043 2 30 theme pomegranates 269:280 arg1 price 254:258 high price 249:258 high price 249:258 However, owing to the limited production and high price of fresh pomegranates, adulteration of pomegranate juice seems to be happening. 23847043 1 31 theme demanded 186:193 arg1 product 195:201 a highly demanded product 177:201 a highly demanded product 177:201 BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice has gained a high reputation for its health properties and consequently is now a highly demanded product. 23847043 7 32 from parameters 1268:1277 arg1 results 1247:1253 results 1247:1253 results from several parameters 1247:1277 It is important to highlight that it is necessary to simultaneously analyze and have results from several parameters to conclude that a particular pomegranate juice has been adulterated by mixing with another fruit juice. 23847043 5 33 theme isobutyl 968:975 arg1 butyrate 977:984 isobutyl butyrate 968:984 isobutyl butyrate 968:984 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 5 34 theme isoamyl 824:830 arg1 butyrate 832:839 isoamyl butyrate 824:839 isoamyl butyrate 824:839 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 5 35 from increases 798:806 arg1 acid 818:821 acetic acid 811:821 acetic acid 811:821 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 5 35 from increases 798:806 arg1 butyrate 832:839 isoamyl butyrate 824:839 isoamyl butyrate 824:839 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 5 35 from increases 798:806 arg1 1-hexanol 856:864 1-hexanol 856:864 1-hexanol 856:864 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 5 36 theme pomegranate 739:749 arg1 juice 751:755 pomegranate juice 739:755 pomegranate juice 739:755 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 4 37 theme Fe 496:497 arg1 contents 473:480 the contents 469:480 the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline 469:538 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 4 38 theme juice 439:443 arg1 Addition 421:428 Addition 421:428 Addition of grape juice 421:443 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 4 39 dep juice 605:609 arg1 % 619:619 % 619:619 % 619:619 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 4 40 theme significant 646:656 arg1 increase 658:665 a significant increase 644:665 a significant increase in sucrose content 644:684 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 0 41 theme grape 46:50 arg1 juices 61:66 grape or peach juices 46:66 grape or peach juices 46:66 Pomegranate juice adulteration by addition of grape or peach juices. 23847043 4 42 theme tartaric 514:521 arg1 acid 523:526 tartaric acid 514:526 tartaric acid 514:526 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 6 43 dep CONCLUSION 1035:1044 arg1 serve 1091:1095 serve 1091:1095 can serve as a basis for identification of pomegranate juice adulteration 1087:1159 CONCLUSION The control protocols used in this study can serve as a basis for identification of pomegranate juice adulteration. 23847043 5 44 theme benzyl 987:992 arg1 acetate 994:1000 benzyl acetate 987:1000 benzyl acetate 987:1000 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 1 45 theme high 111:114 arg1 reputation 116:125 a high reputation 109:125 a high reputation for its health properties 109:151 BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice has gained a high reputation for its health properties and consequently is now a highly demanded product. 23847043 6 46 theme adulteration 1148:1159 arg1 identification 1112:1125 identification 1112:1125 identification of pomegranate juice adulteration 1112:1159 CONCLUSION The control protocols used in this study can serve as a basis for identification of pomegranate juice adulteration. 23847043 5 47 theme volatile 701:708 arg1 composition 710:720 the volatile composition 697:720 the volatile composition 697:720 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 2 48 theme juice 311:315 arg1 adulteration 283:294 adulteration 283:294 adulteration of pomegranate juice 283:315 However, owing to the limited production and high price of fresh pomegranates, adulteration of pomegranate juice seems to be happening. 23847043 4 49 from increase 658:665 arg1 content 678:684 sucrose content 670:684 sucrose content 670:684 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 4 50 theme K. 584:585 arg1 content 573:579 the content 569:579 the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content 569:684 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 2 51 theme high 249:252 arg1 price 254:258 high price 249:258 high price 249:258 However, owing to the limited production and high price of fresh pomegranates, adulteration of pomegranate juice seems to be happening. 23847043 4 52 dep K. 584:585 arg1 resulted 632:639 resulted 632:639 resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content 632:684 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 0 53 dep adulteration 18:29 arg1 addition 34:41 addition 34:41 addition of grape or peach juices 34:66 Pomegranate juice adulteration by addition of grape or peach juices. 23847043 2 54 theme pomegranate 299:309 arg1 juice 311:315 pomegranate juice 299:315 pomegranate juice 299:315 However, owing to the limited production and high price of fresh pomegranates, adulteration of pomegranate juice seems to be happening. 23847043 4 55 dep RESULTS 413:419 arg1 increased 459:467 increased 459:467 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline 445:538 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 4 55 dep RESULTS 413:419 arg1 decreased 559:567 decreased 559:567 simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content 544:684 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 0 56 theme juices 61:66 arg1 addition 34:41 addition 34:41 addition of grape or peach juices 34:66 Pomegranate juice adulteration by addition of grape or peach juices. 23847043 5 57 theme isoamyl 1017:1023 arg1 butyrate 1025:1032 isoamyl butyrate 1017:1032 isoamyl butyrate 1017:1032 Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1-hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate. 23847043 2 58 theme limited 226:232 arg1 production 234:243 limited production 226:243 limited production 226:243 However, owing to the limited production and high price of fresh pomegranates, adulteration of pomegranate juice seems to be happening. 23847043 7 59 theme several 1260:1266 arg1 parameters 1268:1277 several parameters 1260:1277 several parameters 1260:1277 It is important to highlight that it is necessary to simultaneously analyze and have results from several parameters to conclude that a particular pomegranate juice has been adulterated by mixing with another fruit juice. 23847043 0 60 theme peach 55:59 arg1 juices 61:66 grape or peach juices 46:66 grape or peach juices 46:66 Pomegranate juice adulteration by addition of grape or peach juices. 23847043 4 61 dep 10 617:618 arg1 to 614:615 to 614:615 to 614:615 RESULTS Addition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. 23847043 1 62 theme health 135:140 arg1 properties 142:151 its health properties 131:151 its health properties 131:151 BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice has gained a high reputation for its health properties and consequently is now a highly demanded product. 25010732 0 0 theme lipid 88:92 arg1 composition 94:104 lipid composition 88:104 lipid composition 88:104 Spermidine feeding decreases age-related locomotor activity loss and induces changes in lipid composition. 25010732 6 1 theme novel 934:938 arg1 mechanism 955:963 an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism 916:963 an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy 916:1006 Collectively, our data suggests an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy. 25010732 1 2 theme important 158:166 arg1 functions 177:185 many important cellular functions 153:185 many important cellular functions 153:185 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 1 3 theme stress 251:256 arg1 resistance 258:267 stress resistance 251:267 stress resistance 251:267 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 1 4 theme cellular 168:175 arg1 functions 177:185 many important cellular functions 153:185 many important cellular functions 153:185 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 6 5 theme additional 919:928 arg1 mechanism 955:963 an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism 916:963 an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy 916:1006 Collectively, our data suggests an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy. 25010732 3 6 from aging 496:500 arg1 mechanism 473:481 Spermidine's mechanism 460:481 Spermidine's mechanism of action on aging 460:500 Spermidine's mechanism of action on aging has been primarily related to general protein hypoacetylation that subsequently induces autophagy. 25010732 4 7 theme phospholipid 770:781 arg1 profiles 783:790 altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles 747:790 profiles 783:790 Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. 25010732 3 8 theme general 532:538 arg1 hypoacetylation 548:562 general protein hypoacetylation 532:562 general protein hypoacetylation that subsequently induces autophagy 532:598 Spermidine's mechanism of action on aging has been primarily related to general protein hypoacetylation that subsequently induces autophagy. 25010732 2 9 theme age-related 343:353 arg1 effects 366:372 age-related beneficial effects 343:372 age-related beneficial effects 343:372 In this work, we expand spermidine's range of age-related beneficial effects by demonstrating that it is also able to improve locomotor performance in aged flies. 25010732 1 10 theme several 272:278 arg1 organisms 286:294 several model organisms 272:294 several model organisms 272:294 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 4 11 theme Spermidine-fed 690:703 arg1 flies 705:709 Spermidine-fed flies 690:709 Spermidine-fed flies 690:709 Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. 25010732 4 12 contain contain 711:717 arg2 triglycerides 724:736 more triglycerides 719:736 more triglycerides 719:736 Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. 25010732 4 12 contain contain 711:717 arg1 flies 705:709 Spermidine-fed flies 690:709 Spermidine-fed flies 690:709 Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. 25010732 4 13 theme spermidine 648:657 arg1 targets 637:643 the molecular targets 623:643 the molecular targets of spermidine 623:657 Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. 25010732 6 14 theme spermidine-induced 979:996 arg1 autophagy 998:1006 spermidine-induced autophagy 979:1006 spermidine-induced autophagy 979:1006 Collectively, our data suggests an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy. 25010732 3 15 from mechanism 473:481 arg1 aging 496:500 aging 496:500 aging 496:500 Spermidine's mechanism of action on aging has been primarily related to general protein hypoacetylation that subsequently induces autophagy. 25010732 4 16 theme altered 747:753 arg1 acid 761:764 altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles 747:790 acid 761:764 Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. 25010732 4 17 theme lipid 672:676 arg1 metabolism 678:687 lipid metabolism 672:687 lipid metabolism 672:687 Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. 25010732 0 18 theme Spermidine 0:9 arg1 feeding 11:17 Spermidine feeding 0:17 Spermidine feeding 0:17 Spermidine feeding decreases age-related locomotor activity loss and induces changes in lipid composition. 25010732 1 19 theme model 280:284 arg1 organisms 286:294 several model organisms 272:294 several model organisms 272:294 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 0 20 theme age-related 29:39 arg1 loss 60:63 age-related locomotor activity loss 29:63 age-related locomotor activity loss 29:63 Spermidine feeding decreases age-related locomotor activity loss and induces changes in lipid composition. 25010732 3 21 from action 486:491 arg1 aging 496:500 aging 496:500 aging 496:500 Spermidine's mechanism of action on aging has been primarily related to general protein hypoacetylation that subsequently induces autophagy. 25010732 3 22 theme protein 540:546 arg1 hypoacetylation 548:562 general protein hypoacetylation 532:562 general protein hypoacetylation that subsequently induces autophagy 532:598 Spermidine's mechanism of action on aging has been primarily related to general protein hypoacetylation that subsequently induces autophagy. 25010732 4 23 theme molecular 627:635 arg1 targets 637:643 the molecular targets 623:643 the molecular targets of spermidine 623:657 Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. 25010732 5 24 theme metabolic 833:841 arg1 changes 843:849 these metabolic changes 827:849 these metabolic changes 827:849 We further determine that most of these metabolic changes are regulated through autophagy. 25010732 4 25 theme fatty 755:759 arg1 acid 761:764 altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles 747:790 acid 761:764 Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. 25010732 0 26 theme activity 51:58 arg1 loss 60:63 age-related locomotor activity loss 29:63 age-related locomotor activity loss 29:63 Spermidine feeding decreases age-related locomotor activity loss and induces changes in lipid composition. 25010732 3 27 theme action 486:491 arg1 mechanism 473:481 Spermidine's mechanism 460:481 Spermidine's mechanism of action on aging 460:500 Spermidine's mechanism of action on aging has been primarily related to general protein hypoacetylation that subsequently induces autophagy. 25010732 0 28 theme locomotor 41:49 arg1 loss 60:63 age-related locomotor activity loss 29:63 age-related locomotor activity loss 29:63 Spermidine feeding decreases age-related locomotor activity loss and induces changes in lipid composition. 25010732 1 29 from resistance 258:267 arg1 organisms 286:294 several model organisms 272:294 several model organisms 272:294 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 0 30 from changes 77:83 arg1 composition 94:104 lipid composition 88:104 lipid composition 88:104 Spermidine feeding decreases age-related locomotor activity loss and induces changes in lipid composition. 25010732 2 31 theme locomotor 423:431 arg1 performance 433:443 locomotor performance 423:443 locomotor performance 423:443 In this work, we expand spermidine's range of age-related beneficial effects by demonstrating that it is also able to improve locomotor performance in aged flies. 25010732 6 32 theme action 968:973 arg1 mechanism 955:963 an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism 916:963 an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy 916:1006 Collectively, our data suggests an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy. 25010732 1 33 from span 242:245 arg1 organisms 286:294 several model organisms 272:294 several model organisms 272:294 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 4 34 theme more 719:722 arg1 triglycerides 724:736 more triglycerides 719:736 more triglycerides 719:736 Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. 25010732 2 35 theme aged 448:451 arg1 flies 453:457 aged flies 448:457 aged flies 448:457 In this work, we expand spermidine's range of age-related beneficial effects by demonstrating that it is also able to improve locomotor performance in aged flies. 25010732 1 36 theme natural 123:129 arg1 polyamine 131:139 a natural polyamine 121:139 a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms 121:294 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 1 36 theme natural 123:129 arg1 Spermidine 107:116 Spermidine 107:116 Spermidine 107:116 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 1 37 theme many 153:156 arg1 functions 177:185 many important cellular functions 153:185 many important cellular functions 153:185 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 1 38 theme life 237:240 arg1 span 242:245 life span 237:245 life span 237:245 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 1 39 from supplementation 194:208 arg1 food 213:216 food 213:216 food 213:216 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 1 39 from supplementation 194:208 arg1 water 221:225 water 221:225 water 221:225 Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. 25010732 2 40 theme effects 366:372 arg1 range 334:338 spermidine's range 321:338 spermidine's range of age-related beneficial effects 321:372 In this work, we expand spermidine's range of age-related beneficial effects by demonstrating that it is also able to improve locomotor performance in aged flies. 25010732 6 41 theme lipid-mediated 940:953 arg1 mechanism 955:963 an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism 916:963 an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy 916:1006 Collectively, our data suggests an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy. 25010732 2 42 theme beneficial 355:364 arg1 effects 366:372 age-related beneficial effects 343:372 age-related beneficial effects 343:372 In this work, we expand spermidine's range of age-related beneficial effects by demonstrating that it is also able to improve locomotor performance in aged flies. 28134837 0 0 theme Endothelial 85:95 arg1 Study 111:115 Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study 85:115 Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study 85:115 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 28134837 1 1 theme fatty 167:171 arg1 PUFAs 180:184 PUFAs 180:184 PUFAs 180:184 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) underlies vascular inflammation. 28134837 1 1 theme fatty 167:171 arg1 acids 173:177 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 143:177 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 143:185 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) underlies vascular inflammation. 28134837 5 2 theme cell 756:759 arg1 line 761:764 the endothelial cell line 740:764 the endothelial cell line TIME 740:769 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 5 3 dep enriched 776:783 arg1 exposed 953:959 exposed 953:959 exposed to an inflammatory milieu 953:985 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 7 4 from PUFAs 1125:1129 arg1 fact 1134:1137 fact 1134:1137 fact 1134:1137 Data gained clearly show that PUFAs in fact modulate miRNA expression of both cell types analyzed regardless the presence/absence of an inflammatory stimulator. 28134837 1 5 theme acids 173:177 arg1 Alteration 118:127 Alteration 118:127 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 118:185 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) underlies vascular inflammation. 28134837 4 6 theme cellular 579:586 arg1 functionality 588:600 overall cellular functionality 571:600 overall cellular functionality 571:600 With regard to the key role miRNAs play for overall cellular functionality, this study aims to elucidate whether PUFAs affect miRNA expression profiles. 28134837 0 7 theme Pilot 105:109 arg1 Study 111:115 Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study 85:115 Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study 85:115 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 28134837 0 8 from Impact 0:5 arg1 Profiles 47:54 miRNA Profiles 41:54 miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study 41:115 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 28134837 2 9 theme vascular 355:362 arg1 diseases 364:371 vascular diseases 355:371 vascular diseases 355:371 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 9 10 theme dietary 1433:1439 arg1 acids 1447:1451 dietary fatty acids 1433:1451 dietary fatty acids 1433:1451 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 9 11 dep type 1502:1505 arg1 the 1498:1500 the 1498:1500 the 1498:1500 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 0 12 theme Cells-A 97:103 arg1 Study 111:115 Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study 85:115 Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study 85:115 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 28134837 5 13 dep DHA 819:821 arg1 n3-PUFA 824:830 n3-PUFA 824:830 DHA; n3-PUFA 819:830 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 2 14 theme monocytes/macrophages 281:301 arg1 players 344:350 the major cellular players 325:350 the major cellular players of vascular diseases 325:371 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 2 14 theme monocytes/macrophages 281:301 arg1 membrane 269:276 the cell membrane 260:276 the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells 260:322 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 5 15 theme endothelial 744:754 arg1 line 761:764 the endothelial cell line 740:764 the endothelial cell line TIME 740:769 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 9 16 theme type 1502:1505 arg1 modulation 1484:1493 PUFA-mediated modulation 1470:1493 PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process 1470:1584 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 9 17 theme inter 1454:1458 arg1 acids 1447:1451 dietary fatty acids 1433:1451 dietary fatty acids 1433:1451 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 9 18 theme fatty 1441:1445 arg1 acids 1447:1451 dietary fatty acids 1433:1451 dietary fatty acids 1433:1451 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 0 19 theme Study 111:115 arg1 Profiles 47:54 miRNA Profiles 41:54 miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study 41:115 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 28134837 9 20 theme inflammatory 1565:1576 arg1 process 1578:1584 the inflammatory process 1561:1584 the inflammatory process 1561:1584 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 2 21 theme signal 401:406 arg1 transduction 408:419 cellular signal transduction 392:419 cellular signal transduction 392:419 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 7 22 theme miRNA 1148:1152 arg1 expression 1154:1163 miRNA expression 1148:1163 miRNA expression of both cell types analyzed regardless the presence/absence of an inflammatory stimulator 1148:1253 Data gained clearly show that PUFAs in fact modulate miRNA expression of both cell types analyzed regardless the presence/absence of an inflammatory stimulator. 28134837 5 23 dep line 722:725 arg1 RAW264.7 727:734 RAW264.7 727:734 RAW264.7 727:734 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 5 24 theme plasma 914:919 arg1 membrane 921:928 the plasma membrane 910:928 the plasma membrane 910:928 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 2 25 theme cellular 392:399 arg1 transduction 408:419 cellular signal transduction 392:419 cellular signal transduction 392:419 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 8 26 attach linked 1289:1294 arg2 miRNAs 1274:1279 certain miRNAs 1266:1279 certain miRNAs already linked to vascular inflammation 1266:1319 Moreover, certain miRNAs already linked to vascular inflammation were found to be affected by cellular PUFA enrichment. 28134837 8 26 attach linked 1289:1294 arg1 inflammation 1308:1319 vascular inflammation 1299:1319 vascular inflammation 1299:1319 Moreover, certain miRNAs already linked to vascular inflammation were found to be affected by cellular PUFA enrichment. 28134837 8 27 theme cellular 1350:1357 arg1 enrichment 1364:1373 cellular PUFA enrichment 1350:1373 cellular PUFA enrichment 1350:1373 Moreover, certain miRNAs already linked to vascular inflammation were found to be affected by cellular PUFA enrichment. 28134837 6 28 theme deep 1024:1027 arg1 sequencing 1029:1038 deep sequencing 1024:1038 deep sequencing 1024:1038 Expressed miRNAs were determined by deep sequencing, and compared to unsupplemented/unstimulated controls. 28134837 0 29 theme Fatty 26:30 arg1 Acids 32:36 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 10:36 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 10:36 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 28134837 5 30 theme monocyte/macrophage 697:715 arg1 line 722:725 the monocyte/macrophage cell line 693:725 the monocyte/macrophage cell line 693:725 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 2 31 theme cells 318:322 arg1 players 344:350 the major cellular players 325:350 the major cellular players of vascular diseases 325:371 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 2 31 theme cells 318:322 arg1 membrane 269:276 the cell membrane 260:276 the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells 260:322 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 8 32 theme vascular 1299:1306 arg1 inflammation 1308:1319 vascular inflammation 1299:1319 vascular inflammation 1299:1319 Moreover, certain miRNAs already linked to vascular inflammation were found to be affected by cellular PUFA enrichment. 28134837 1 33 theme vascular 197:204 arg1 inflammation 206:217 vascular inflammation 197:217 vascular inflammation 197:217 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) underlies vascular inflammation. 28134837 0 34 theme Polyunsaturated 10:24 arg1 Acids 32:36 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 10:36 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 10:36 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 28134837 4 35 theme overall 571:577 arg1 functionality 588:600 overall cellular functionality 571:600 overall cellular functionality 571:600 With regard to the key role miRNAs play for overall cellular functionality, this study aims to elucidate whether PUFAs affect miRNA expression profiles. 28134837 5 36 theme cell 717:720 arg1 line 722:725 the monocyte/macrophage cell line 693:725 the monocyte/macrophage cell line 693:725 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 2 37 theme endothelial 306:316 arg1 cells 318:322 endothelial cells 306:322 endothelial cells 306:322 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 9 38 theme amount 1511:1516 arg1 modulation 1484:1493 PUFA-mediated modulation 1470:1493 PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process 1470:1584 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 7 39 theme inflammatory 1231:1242 arg1 stimulator 1244:1253 an inflammatory stimulator 1228:1253 an inflammatory stimulator 1228:1253 Data gained clearly show that PUFAs in fact modulate miRNA expression of both cell types analyzed regardless the presence/absence of an inflammatory stimulator. 28134837 5 40 dep line 761:764 arg1 TIME 766:769 TIME 766:769 the endothelial cell line TIME 740:769 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 5 41 theme arachidonic 836:846 arg1 AA 854:855 AA 854:855 AA; n6-PUFA 854:864 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 5 41 theme arachidonic 836:846 arg1 acid 848:851 arachidonic acid 836:851 arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) 836:865 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 5 42 theme inflammatory 967:978 arg1 milieu 980:985 an inflammatory milieu 964:985 an inflammatory milieu 964:985 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 4 43 theme miRNA 653:657 arg1 profiles 670:677 miRNA expression profiles 653:677 miRNA expression profiles 653:677 With regard to the key role miRNAs play for overall cellular functionality, this study aims to elucidate whether PUFAs affect miRNA expression profiles. 28134837 0 44 theme Acids 32:36 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 0:116 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 28134837 2 45 theme diseases 364:371 arg1 players 344:350 the major cellular players 325:350 the major cellular players of vascular diseases 325:371 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 2 45 theme diseases 364:371 arg1 membrane 269:276 the cell membrane 260:276 the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells 260:322 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 8 46 theme certain 1266:1272 arg1 miRNAs 1274:1279 certain miRNAs 1266:1279 certain miRNAs already linked to vascular inflammation 1266:1319 Moreover, certain miRNAs already linked to vascular inflammation were found to be affected by cellular PUFA enrichment. 28134837 9 47 theme vascular 1383:1390 arg1 inflammation 1392:1403 vascular inflammation 1383:1403 vascular inflammation 1383:1403 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 3 48 theme PUFA 479:482 arg1 impact 484:489 the PUFA impact 475:489 the PUFA impact on miRNA expression by these cells 475:524 Nevertheless, there are no investigations concerning the PUFA impact on miRNA expression by these cells. 28134837 5 49 theme docosahexaenoic 797:811 arg1 DHA 819:821 DHA 819:821 DHA; n3-PUFA 819:830 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 5 49 theme docosahexaenoic 797:811 arg1 acid 813:816 docosahexaenoic acid 797:816 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) 797:831 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 7 50 theme cell 1173:1176 arg1 types 1178:1182 both cell types 1168:1182 both cell types analyzed regardless the presence/absence of an inflammatory stimulator 1168:1253 Data gained clearly show that PUFAs in fact modulate miRNA expression of both cell types analyzed regardless the presence/absence of an inflammatory stimulator. 28134837 8 51 theme PUFA 1359:1362 arg1 enrichment 1364:1373 cellular PUFA enrichment 1350:1373 cellular PUFA enrichment 1350:1373 Moreover, certain miRNAs already linked to vascular inflammation were found to be affected by cellular PUFA enrichment. 28134837 5 52 theme stable 884:889 arg1 incorporation 891:903 a stable incorporation 882:903 a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane 882:928 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 0 53 theme miRNA 41:45 arg1 Profiles 47:54 miRNA Profiles 41:54 miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study 41:115 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 28134837 3 54 theme miRNA 494:498 arg1 expression 500:509 miRNA expression 494:509 miRNA expression by these cells 494:524 Nevertheless, there are no investigations concerning the PUFA impact on miRNA expression by these cells. 28134837 5 55 dep AA 854:855 arg1 n6-PUFA 858:864 n6-PUFA 858:864 AA; n6-PUFA 854:864 To this end, the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the endothelial cell line TIME were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n3-PUFA) or arachidonic acid (AA; n6-PUFA) until reaching a stable incorporation into the plasma membrane and, at least in part, exposed to an inflammatory milieu. 28134837 3 56 from impact 484:489 arg1 expression 500:509 miRNA expression 494:509 miRNA expression by these cells 494:524 Nevertheless, there are no investigations concerning the PUFA impact on miRNA expression by these cells. 28134837 9 57 theme PUFA-mediated 1470:1482 arg1 modulation 1484:1493 PUFA-mediated modulation 1470:1493 PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process 1470:1584 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 4 58 theme key 546:548 arg1 role 550:553 the key role 542:553 the key role miRNAs play for overall cellular functionality 542:600 With regard to the key role miRNAs play for overall cellular functionality, this study aims to elucidate whether PUFAs affect miRNA expression profiles. 28134837 2 59 theme cell 264:267 arg1 players 344:350 the major cellular players 325:350 the major cellular players of vascular diseases 325:371 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 2 59 theme cell 264:267 arg1 membrane 269:276 the cell membrane 260:276 the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells 260:322 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 7 60 theme stimulator 1244:1253 arg1 presence/absence 1208:1223 the presence/absence 1204:1223 the presence/absence of an inflammatory stimulator 1204:1253 Data gained clearly show that PUFAs in fact modulate miRNA expression of both cell types analyzed regardless the presence/absence of an inflammatory stimulator. 28134837 1 61 theme miRNAs 132:137 arg1 Alteration 118:127 Alteration 118:127 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 118:185 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) underlies vascular inflammation. 28134837 6 62 theme Expressed 988:996 arg1 miRNAs 998:1003 Expressed miRNAs 988:1003 Expressed miRNAs 988:1003 Expressed miRNAs were determined by deep sequencing, and compared to unsupplemented/unstimulated controls. 28134837 2 63 theme major 329:333 arg1 players 344:350 the major cellular players 325:350 the major cellular players of vascular diseases 325:371 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 2 63 theme major 329:333 arg1 membrane 269:276 the cell membrane 260:276 the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells 260:322 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 2 64 theme cellular 335:342 arg1 players 344:350 the major cellular players 325:350 the major cellular players of vascular diseases 325:371 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 2 64 theme cellular 335:342 arg1 membrane 269:276 the cell membrane 260:276 the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells 260:322 PUFAs are known to be incorporated into the cell membrane of monocytes/macrophages or endothelial cells, the major cellular players of vascular diseases, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. 28134837 0 65 theme Monocytes/Macrophages 59:79 arg1 Profiles 47:54 miRNA Profiles 41:54 miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study 41:115 Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on miRNA Profiles of Monocytes/Macrophages and Endothelial Cells-A Pilot Study. 28134837 6 66 theme unsupplemented/unstimulated 1057:1083 arg1 controls 1085:1092 unsupplemented/unstimulated controls 1057:1092 unsupplemented/unstimulated controls 1057:1092 Expressed miRNAs were determined by deep sequencing, and compared to unsupplemented/unstimulated controls. 28134837 1 67 theme dietary 143:149 arg1 PUFAs 180:184 PUFAs 180:184 PUFAs 180:184 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) underlies vascular inflammation. 28134837 1 67 theme dietary 143:149 arg1 acids 173:177 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 143:177 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 143:185 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) underlies vascular inflammation. 28134837 4 68 theme expression 659:668 arg1 profiles 670:677 miRNA expression profiles 653:677 miRNA expression profiles 653:677 With regard to the key role miRNAs play for overall cellular functionality, this study aims to elucidate whether PUFAs affect miRNA expression profiles. 28134837 9 69 theme miRNAs 1521:1526 arg1 type 1502:1505 type 1502:1505 type 1502:1505 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 9 69 theme miRNAs 1521:1526 arg1 miRNAs 1521:1526 miRNAs 1521:1526 miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process 1521:1584 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 9 69 theme miRNAs 1521:1526 arg1 amount 1511:1516 amount 1511:1516 amount 1511:1516 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 4 70 dep role 550:553 arg1 play 562:565 play 562:565 play for overall cellular functionality 562:600 With regard to the key role miRNAs play for overall cellular functionality, this study aims to elucidate whether PUFAs affect miRNA expression profiles. 28134837 4 70 dep role 550:553 arg1 regard 532:537 regard 532:537 regard 532:537 With regard to the key role miRNAs play for overall cellular functionality, this study aims to elucidate whether PUFAs affect miRNA expression profiles. 28134837 9 71 dep inter 1454:1458 arg1 alia 1460:1463 alia 1460:1463 alia 1460:1463 Hence, vascular inflammation appears to be influenced by dietary fatty acids, inter alia, via PUFA-mediated modulation of the type and amount of miRNAs synthesized by cells involved in the inflammatory process. 28134837 1 72 theme polyunsaturated 151:165 arg1 PUFAs 180:184 PUFAs 180:184 PUFAs 180:184 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) underlies vascular inflammation. 28134837 1 72 theme polyunsaturated 151:165 arg1 acids 173:177 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 143:177 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 143:185 Alteration of miRNAs and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) underlies vascular inflammation. 28134837 7 73 theme types 1178:1182 arg1 expression 1154:1163 miRNA expression 1148:1163 miRNA expression of both cell types analyzed regardless the presence/absence of an inflammatory stimulator 1148:1253 Data gained clearly show that PUFAs in fact modulate miRNA expression of both cell types analyzed regardless the presence/absence of an inflammatory stimulator. 26354083 14 0 theme SMC 1660:1662 arg1 strain 1650:1655 The type strain 1641:1655 The type strain 1641:1655 The type strain is SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T). 26354083 14 0 theme SMC 1660:1662 arg1 256T 1664:1667 SMC 256T 1660:1667 SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T) 1660:1698 The type strain is SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T). 26354083 14 0 theme SMC 1660:1662 arg1 110610T 1691:1697  = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T 1670:1697  = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T 1670:1697 The type strain is SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T). 26354083 10 1 theme phosphatidylinositol 1232:1251 arg1 mannosides 1253:1262 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1232:1262 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1232:1262 The diagnostic phospholipids were hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, unidentified phosphoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 26354083 2 2 from ends 141:144 arg1 mycelium 180:187 aerial mycelium 173:187 aerial mycelium 173:187 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 3 3 theme Kutzneria 592:600 arg1 25242T 620:625 Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T 592:625 Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %) 592:634 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 3 theme Kutzneria 592:600 arg1 % 633:633 97.4 % 628:633 97.4 % 628:633 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 14 4 theme type 1645:1648 arg1 strain 1650:1655 The type strain 1641:1655 The type strain 1641:1655 The type strain is SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T). 26354083 14 4 theme type 1645:1648 arg1 256T 1664:1667 SMC 256T 1660:1667 SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T) 1660:1698 The type strain is SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T). 26354083 3 5 theme 98.9  465:469 arg1 % 470:470 % 470:470 % 470:470 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 2 6 attach isolated 194:201 arg1 soil 208:211 soil 208:211 soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand 208:254 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 2 6 attach isolated 194:201 arg2 strain 75:80 A novel actinomycete strain 54:80 A novel actinomycete strain 54:80 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 2 6 attach isolated 194:201 arg2 256T 87:90 SMC 256T 83:90 SMC 256T 83:90 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 2 7 from sporangiophores 154:168 arg1 mycelium 180:187 aerial mycelium 173:187 aerial mycelium 173:187 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 3 8 theme viridogrisea 602:613 arg1 25242T 620:625 Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T 592:625 Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %) 592:634 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 8 theme viridogrisea 602:613 arg1 % 633:633 97.4 % 628:633 97.4 % 628:633 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 6 9 contain contained 869:877 arg1 peptidoglycan 855:867 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 841:867 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 841:867 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26354083 6 9 contain contained 869:877 arg2 acid 899:902 meso-diaminopimelic acid 879:902 meso-diaminopimelic acid 879:902 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26354083 3 10 theme sequence 486:493 arg1 similarity 495:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 10 theme sequence 486:493 arg1 29373T 457:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T 430:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 430:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 4 11 theme DNA-DNA 641:647 arg1 values 661:666 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 637:666 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished strain SMC 256T from previously described members of the genus Kutzneria 637:758 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished strain SMC 256T from previously described members of the genus Kutzneria were significantly below 70 %. 26354083 5 12 theme 71.8 mol 830:837 arg1 content 799:805 The G+C content 791:805 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 791:824 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.8 mol%. 26354083 5 12 theme 71.8 mol 830:837 arg1 % 838:838 71.8 mol% 830:838 71.8 mol% 830:838 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.8 mol%. 26354083 12 13 theme genotypic 1495:1503 arg1 studies 1505:1511 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1464:1511 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1464:1511 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 4 14 theme SMC 694:696 arg1 256T 698:701 strain SMC 256T 687:701 strain SMC 256T 687:701 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished strain SMC 256T from previously described members of the genus Kutzneria were significantly below 70 %. 26354083 5 15 theme G+C 795:797 arg1 content 799:805 The G+C content 791:805 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 791:824 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.8 mol%. 26354083 5 15 theme G+C 795:797 arg1 % 838:838 71.8 mol% 830:838 71.8 mol% 830:838 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.8 mol%. 26354083 14 16 theme 72675T = NBRC 1677:1689 arg1 256T 1664:1667 SMC 256T 1660:1667 SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T) 1660:1698 The type strain is SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T). 26354083 14 16 theme 72675T = NBRC 1677:1689 arg1 110610T 1691:1697  = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T 1670:1697  = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T 1670:1697 The type strain is SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T). 26354083 3 17 theme gene 297:300 arg1 sequences 302:310 16S rRNA gene sequences 288:310 16S rRNA gene sequences 288:310 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 4 18 theme Kutzneria 750:758 arg1 members 729:735 previously described members 708:735 previously described members of the genus Kutzneria 708:758 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished strain SMC 256T from previously described members of the genus Kutzneria were significantly below 70 %. 26354083 2 19 theme mountain 228:235 arg1 forest 237:242 a mountain forest 226:242 a mountain forest of Thailand 226:254 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 2 20 from mycelium 180:187 arg1 ends 141:144 the ends 137:144 the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium 137:187 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 12 21 theme novel 1563:1567 arg1 species 1569:1575 a novel species 1561:1575 a novel species in the genus Kutzneria 1561:1598 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 12 21 theme novel 1563:1567 arg1 sp 1632:1633 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp 1608:1633 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp 1608:1633 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 4 22 theme genus 744:748 arg1 Kutzneria 750:758 the genus Kutzneria 740:758 the genus Kutzneria 740:758 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished strain SMC 256T from previously described members of the genus Kutzneria were significantly below 70 %. 26354083 3 23 theme gene 481:484 arg1 similarity 495:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 23 theme gene 481:484 arg1 29373T 457:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T 430:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 430:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 10 24 theme unidentified 1265:1276 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1278:1295 unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1265:1295 unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1265:1295 The diagnostic phospholipids were hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, unidentified phosphoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 26354083 3 25 theme closest 384:390 arg1 29373T 457:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T 430:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 430:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 25 theme closest 384:390 arg1 species 417:423 the closest phylogenetically related species 380:423 the closest phylogenetically related species 380:423 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 0 26 theme chonburiensis 10:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp 0:25 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 0:26 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 2 27 theme small 109:113 arg1 sporangia 124:132 small, globose sporangia 109:132 small, globose sporangia 109:132 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 6 28 theme meso-diaminopimelic 879:897 arg1 acid 899:902 meso-diaminopimelic acid 879:902 meso-diaminopimelic acid 879:902 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26354083 3 29 theme Kutzneria 508:516 arg1 27102T 533:538 Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T 508:538 Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %) 508:547 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 29 theme Kutzneria 508:516 arg1 % 546:546 98.2 % 541:546 98.2 % 541:546 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 0 30 theme Kutzneria 0:8 arg1 sp 24:25 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp 0:25 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 0:26 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 2 31 theme novel 56:60 arg1 strain 75:80 A novel actinomycete strain 54:80 A novel actinomycete strain 54:80 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 2 31 theme novel 56:60 arg1 256T 87:90 SMC 256T 83:90 SMC 256T 83:90 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 12 32 theme phenotypic 1464:1473 arg1 studies 1505:1511 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1464:1511 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1464:1511 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 3 33 theme kofuensis 518:526 arg1 27102T 533:538 Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T 508:538 Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %) 508:547 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 33 theme kofuensis 518:526 arg1 % 546:546 98.2 % 541:546 98.2 % 541:546 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 34 theme strain 327:332 arg1 256T 338:341 strain SMC 256T 327:341 strain SMC 256T 327:341 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 2 35 dep small 109:113 arg1 globose 116:122 globose 116:122 globose 116:122 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 12 36 theme genus 1584:1588 arg1 Kutzneria 1590:1598 the genus Kutzneria 1580:1598 the genus Kutzneria 1580:1598 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 4 37 theme relatedness 649:659 arg1 values 661:666 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 637:666 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished strain SMC 256T from previously described members of the genus Kutzneria 637:758 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished strain SMC 256T from previously described members of the genus Kutzneria were significantly below 70 %. 26354083 3 38 theme SMC 334:336 arg1 256T 338:341 strain SMC 256T 327:341 strain SMC 256T 327:341 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 39 theme rRNA 476:479 arg1 similarity 495:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 39 theme rRNA 476:479 arg1 29373T 457:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T 430:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 430:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 14 40 theme  = BCC 1670:1675 arg1 256T 1664:1667 SMC 256T 1660:1667 SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T) 1660:1698 The type strain is SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T). 26354083 14 40 theme  = BCC 1670:1675 arg1 110610T 1691:1697  = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T 1670:1697  = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T 1670:1697 The type strain is SMC 256T ( = BCC 72675T = NBRC 110610T). 26354083 2 41 theme Thailand 247:254 arg1 forest 237:242 a mountain forest 226:242 a mountain forest of Thailand 226:254 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 12 42 theme chonburiensis 1618:1630 arg1 species 1569:1575 a novel species 1561:1575 a novel species in the genus Kutzneria 1561:1598 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 12 42 theme chonburiensis 1618:1630 arg1 sp 1632:1633 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp 1608:1633 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp 1608:1633 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 3 43 theme genus 359:363 arg1 Kutzneria 365:373 the genus Kutzneria 355:373 the genus Kutzneria 355:373 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 6 44 theme cell-wall 845:853 arg1 peptidoglycan 855:867 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 841:867 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 841:867 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26354083 12 45 theme chemotaxonomic 1476:1489 arg1 studies 1505:1511 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1464:1511 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1464:1511 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 10 46 theme unidentified 1298:1309 arg1 phospholipids 1311:1323 unidentified phospholipids 1298:1323 unidentified phospholipids 1298:1323 The diagnostic phospholipids were hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, unidentified phosphoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 26354083 2 47 theme SMC 83:85 arg1 strain 75:80 A novel actinomycete strain 54:80 A novel actinomycete strain 54:80 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 2 47 theme SMC 83:85 arg1 256T 87:90 SMC 256T 83:90 SMC 256T 83:90 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 8 48 theme predominant 994:1004 arg1 MK-9 1022:1025 MK-9 1022:1025 MK-9(H4) 1022:1029 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26354083 8 48 theme predominant 994:1004 arg1 menaquinone 1006:1016 The predominant menaquinone 990:1016 The predominant menaquinone 990:1016 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26354083 3 49 theme albida 560:565 arg1 25243T 572:577 Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T 550:577 Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) 550:586 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 49 theme albida 560:565 arg1 % 585:585 97.9 % 580:585 97.9 % 580:585 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 4 50 theme described 719:727 arg1 members 729:735 previously described members 708:735 previously described members of the genus Kutzneria 708:758 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished strain SMC 256T from previously described members of the genus Kutzneria were significantly below 70 %. 26354083 3 51 theme related 409:415 arg1 29373T 457:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T 430:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 430:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 51 theme related 409:415 arg1 species 417:423 the closest phylogenetically related species 380:423 the closest phylogenetically related species 380:423 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 11 52 theme predominant 1356:1366 arg1 iso-C16  1394:1401 iso-C16  1394:1401 iso-C16  1394:1401 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. 26354083 11 52 theme predominant 1356:1366 arg1 acids 1383:1387 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1352:1387 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1352:1387 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. 26354083 3 53 theme Phylogenetic 257:268 arg1 analysis 270:277 Phylogenetic analysis 257:277 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 257:310 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 54 theme ATCC 567:570 arg1 25243T 572:577 Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T 550:577 Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) 550:586 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 54 theme ATCC 567:570 arg1 % 585:585 97.9 % 580:585 97.9 % 580:585 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 55 theme ATCC 528:531 arg1 27102T 533:538 Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T 508:538 Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %) 508:547 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 55 theme ATCC 528:531 arg1 % 546:546 98.2 % 541:546 98.2 % 541:546 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 56 theme BCC 453:455 arg1 similarity 495:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 56 theme BCC 453:455 arg1 29373T 457:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T 430:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 430:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 56 theme BCC 453:455 arg1 species 417:423 the closest phylogenetically related species 380:423 the closest phylogenetically related species 380:423 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 11 57 theme cellular 1368:1375 arg1 iso-C16  1394:1401 iso-C16  1394:1401 iso-C16  1394:1401 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. 26354083 11 57 theme cellular 1368:1375 arg1 acids 1383:1387 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1352:1387 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1352:1387 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. 26354083 2 58 theme aerial 173:178 arg1 mycelium 180:187 aerial mycelium 173:187 aerial mycelium 173:187 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 9 59 theme Mycolic 1032:1038 arg1 acids 1040:1044 Mycolic acids 1032:1044 Mycolic acids 1032:1044 Mycolic acids were not detected. 26354083 5 60 theme genomic 814:820 arg1 DNA 822:824 the genomic DNA 810:824 the genomic DNA 810:824 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.8 mol%. 26354083 2 61 theme actinomycete 62:73 arg1 strain 75:80 A novel actinomycete strain 54:80 A novel actinomycete strain 54:80 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 2 61 theme actinomycete 62:73 arg1 256T 87:90 SMC 256T 83:90 SMC 256T 83:90 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 10 62 theme unidentified 1332:1343 arg1 lipid 1345:1349 an unidentified lipid 1329:1349 an unidentified lipid 1329:1349 The diagnostic phospholipids were hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, unidentified phosphoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 26354083 3 63 theme Kutzneria 430:438 arg1 similarity 495:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 63 theme Kutzneria 430:438 arg1 29373T 457:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T 430:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 430:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 63 theme Kutzneria 430:438 arg1 species 417:423 the closest phylogenetically related species 380:423 the closest phylogenetically related species 380:423 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 11 64 theme fatty 1377:1381 arg1 iso-C16  1394:1401 iso-C16  1394:1401 iso-C16  1394:1401 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. 26354083 11 64 theme fatty 1377:1381 arg1 acids 1383:1387 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1352:1387 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1352:1387 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. 26354083 12 65 theme strain 1534:1539 arg1 256T 1545:1548 strain SMC 256T 1534:1548 strain SMC 256T 1534:1548 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 4 66 theme strain 687:692 arg1 256T 698:701 strain SMC 256T 687:701 strain SMC 256T 687:701 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished strain SMC 256T from previously described members of the genus Kutzneria were significantly below 70 %. 26354083 2 67 theme sporangiophores 154:168 arg1 ends 141:144 the ends 137:144 the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium 137:187 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 3 68 theme Kutzneria 550:558 arg1 25243T 572:577 Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T 550:577 Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) 550:586 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 68 theme Kutzneria 550:558 arg1 % 585:585 97.9 % 580:585 97.9 % 580:585 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 12 69 theme Kutzneria 1608:1616 arg1 species 1569:1575 a novel species 1561:1575 a novel species in the genus Kutzneria 1561:1598 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 12 69 theme Kutzneria 1608:1616 arg1 sp 1632:1633 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp 1608:1633 Kutzneria chonburiensis sp 1608:1633 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 3 70 theme buriramensis 440:451 arg1 similarity 495:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 70 theme buriramensis 440:451 arg1 29373T 457:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T 430:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 430:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 70 theme buriramensis 440:451 arg1 species 417:423 the closest phylogenetically related species 380:423 the closest phylogenetically related species 380:423 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 5 71 theme DNA 822:824 arg1 content 799:805 The G+C content 791:805 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 791:824 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.8 mol%. 26354083 5 71 theme DNA 822:824 arg1 % 838:838 71.8 mol% 830:838 71.8 mol% 830:838 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.8 mol%. 26354083 3 72 theme 16S 288:290 arg1 sequences 302:310 16S rRNA gene sequences 288:310 16S rRNA gene sequences 288:310 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 2 73 theme long 149:152 arg1 sporangiophores 154:168 long sporangiophores 149:168 long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium 149:187 A novel actinomycete strain, SMC 256T, which developed small, globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from soil collected in a mountain forest of Thailand. 26354083 12 74 from species 1569:1575 arg1 Kutzneria 1590:1598 the genus Kutzneria 1580:1598 the genus Kutzneria 1580:1598 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 7 75 theme whole-cell 909:918 arg1 sugars 920:925 The whole-cell sugars 905:925 The whole-cell sugars 905:925 The whole-cell sugars consisted of rhamnose, ribose, mannose, glucose and galactose. 26354083 3 76 theme % 470:470 arg1 similarity 495:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 76 theme % 470:470 arg1 29373T 457:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T 430:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 430:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 10 77 theme diagnostic 1069:1078 arg1 phospholipids 1080:1092 The diagnostic phospholipids 1065:1092 The diagnostic phospholipids 1065:1092 The diagnostic phospholipids were hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, unidentified phosphoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 26354083 10 77 theme diagnostic 1069:1078 arg1 hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine 1099:1129 hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine 1099:1129 hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine 1099:1129 The diagnostic phospholipids were hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, unidentified phosphoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 26354083 3 78 theme rRNA 292:295 arg1 sequences 302:310 16S rRNA gene sequences 288:310 16S rRNA gene sequences 288:310 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 79 theme ATCC 615:618 arg1 25242T 620:625 Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T 592:625 Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %) 592:634 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 79 theme ATCC 615:618 arg1 % 633:633 97.4 % 628:633 97.4 % 628:633 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 12 80 theme studies 1505:1511 arg1 evidence 1452:1459 the evidence 1448:1459 the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1448:1511 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 26354083 3 81 theme 16S 472:474 arg1 similarity 495:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 465:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 3 81 theme 16S 472:474 arg1 29373T 457:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T 430:462 Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 430:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMC 256T belonged to the genus Kutzneria, and the closest phylogenetically related species were Kutzneria buriramensis BCC 29373T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Kutzneria kofuensis ATCC 27102T (98.2 %), Kutzneria albida ATCC 25243T (97.9 %) and Kutzneria viridogrisea ATCC 25242T (97.4 %). 26354083 11 82 dep iso-C16  1394:1401 arg1 C17  1407:1410 C17  1407:1410 C17  1407:1410 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. 26354083 11 82 dep iso-C16  1394:1401 arg1  0 1403:1404  0 1403:1404  0 1403:1404 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. 26354083 11 82 dep iso-C16  1394:1401 arg1 C17  1419:1422 C17  1419:1422 C17  1419:1422 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. 26354083 11 82 dep iso-C16  1394:1401 arg1 10-methyl 1427:1435  0 10-methyl 1424:1435 iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl 1394:1435 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. 26354083 12 83 theme SMC 1541:1543 arg1 256T 1545:1548 strain SMC 256T 1534:1548 strain SMC 256T 1534:1548 Following the evidence of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, it is proposed that strain SMC 256T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria, namely Kutzneria chonburiensis sp. 25725391 3 0 theme anterior 525:532 arg1 ACLT 565:568 ACLT 565:568 ACLT 565:568 DESIGN Menisci (n = 24) were removed from rabbits' knee joints 6 weeks following surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25725391 3 0 theme anterior 525:532 arg1 transection 552:562 surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection 516:562 surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 516:569 DESIGN Menisci (n = 24) were removed from rabbits' knee joints 6 weeks following surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25725391 8 1 theme OA 1198:1199 arg1 menisci 1201:1207 OA menisci 1198:1207 OA menisci 1198:1207 GAG content was increased in OA menisci, especially in the damaged areas. 25725391 9 2 theme OA 1359:1360 arg1 stage 1350:1354 this stage 1345:1354 this stage of OA 1345:1360 Neither changes in the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization were detected through RM at this stage of OA. 25725391 5 3 theme medial 838:843 arg1 menisci 857:863 medial and lateral menisci 838:863 medial and lateral menisci 838:863 RESULTS Mechanical and matrix alterations occurred in both regions of medial and lateral menisci. 25725391 7 4 theme collagen 1065:1072 arg1 bundles 1074:1080 less organized and less compact collagen bundles 1033:1080 less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci 1033:1130 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 5 5 theme lateral 849:855 arg1 menisci 857:863 medial and lateral menisci 838:863 medial and lateral menisci 838:863 RESULTS Mechanical and matrix alterations occurred in both regions of medial and lateral menisci. 25725391 3 6 theme ligament 543:550 arg1 ACLT 565:568 ACLT 565:568 ACLT 565:568 DESIGN Menisci (n = 24) were removed from rabbits' knee joints 6 weeks following surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25725391 3 6 theme ligament 543:550 arg1 transection 552:562 surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection 516:562 surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 516:569 DESIGN Menisci (n = 24) were removed from rabbits' knee joints 6 weeks following surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25725391 1 7 theme early 193:197 arg1 stage 199:203 the early stage 189:203 the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development 189:238 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration. 25725391 6 8 theme OA 934:935 arg1 menisci 937:943 OA menisci 934:943 OA menisci 934:943 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties was observed in OA menisci, with a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa. 25725391 8 9 theme damaged 1228:1234 arg1 areas 1236:1240 the damaged areas 1224:1240 the damaged areas 1224:1240 GAG content was increased in OA menisci, especially in the damaged areas. 25725391 7 10 theme organized 1038:1046 arg1 bundles 1074:1080 less organized and less compact collagen bundles 1033:1080 less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci 1033:1130 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 1 11 theme study 114:118 arg1 purpose 98:104 The purpose 94:104 The purpose of this study 94:118 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration. 25725391 12 12 theme mechanical 1656:1665 arg1 alterations 1667:1677 mechanical alterations 1656:1677 mechanical alterations 1656:1677 All of these results demonstrate the strong correlation between matrix and mechanical alterations. 25725391 9 13 theme mineralization 1302:1315 arg1 structure 1276:1284 the secondary structure 1262:1284 the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization 1262:1315 Neither changes in the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization were detected through RM at this stage of OA. 25725391 7 14 theme Microstructural 995:1009 arg1 observations 1011:1022 Microstructural observations 995:1022 Microstructural observations 995:1022 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 4 15 theme indentation 667:677 arg1 tests 679:683 indentation tests 667:683 indentation tests 667:683 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 15 theme indentation 667:677 arg1 microspectroscopy 692:708 Raman microspectroscopy 686:708 Raman microspectroscopy (RM) 686:713 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 15 theme indentation 667:677 arg1 histology 757:765 histology 757:765 histology 757:765 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 15 theme indentation 667:677 arg1 microscopy 736:745 biphotonic confocal microscopy 716:745 biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) 716:751 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 0 16 from alterations 23:33 arg1 model 53:57 an ACLT rabbit model 38:57 an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis 38:81 Meniscal biomechanical alterations in an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis. 25725391 1 17 dep OBJECTIVE 84:92 arg1 was 120:122 was 120:122 was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration 120:312 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration. 25725391 0 18 theme osteoarthritis 68:81 arg1 model 53:57 an ACLT rabbit model 38:57 an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis 38:81 Meniscal biomechanical alterations in an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis. 25725391 1 19 theme biomechanical 145:157 arg1 alterations 159:169 the early biomechanical alterations 135:169 the early biomechanical alterations of menisci 135:180 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration. 25725391 6 20 theme reduced 958:964 arg1 modulus 966:972 a mean reduced modulus 951:972 a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa 951:992 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties was observed in OA menisci, with a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa. 25725391 6 21 from 1.1 MPa 986:992 arg1 modulus 966:972 a mean reduced modulus 951:972 a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa 951:992 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties was observed in OA menisci, with a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa. 25725391 10 22 theme framework 1420:1428 arg1 disorganization 1388:1402 a disorganization 1386:1402 a disorganization 1386:1402 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 7 23 theme fiber 1154:1158 arg1 tension 1160:1166 fiber tension 1154:1166 fiber tension 1154:1166 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 9 24 theme secondary 1266:1274 arg1 structure 1276:1284 the secondary structure 1262:1284 the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization 1262:1315 Neither changes in the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization were detected through RM at this stage of OA. 25725391 7 25 from loss 1146:1149 arg1 menisci 1094:1100 operated menisci 1085:1100 operated menisci than in contralateral menisci 1085:1130 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 0 26 theme Meniscal 0:7 arg1 alterations 23:33 Meniscal biomechanical alterations 0:33 Meniscal biomechanical alterations in an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis 0:81 Meniscal biomechanical alterations in an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis. 25725391 11 27 dep degradation 1568:1578 arg1 response 1551:1558 response 1551:1558 response 1551:1558 GAG content increases in response to this degradation. 25725391 2 28 theme fiber 415:419 arg1 architecture 421:432 collagen fiber architecture 406:432 collagen fiber architecture 406:432 A particular focus was paid to pathological changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and collagen fiber architecture. 25725391 4 29 theme confocal 727:734 arg1 tests 679:683 indentation tests 667:683 indentation tests 667:683 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 29 theme confocal 727:734 arg1 BCM 748:750 BCM 748:750 BCM 748:750 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 29 theme confocal 727:734 arg1 microscopy 736:745 biphotonic confocal microscopy 716:745 biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) 716:751 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 6 30 located observed 922:929 arg1 menisci 937:943 OA menisci 934:943 OA menisci 934:943 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties was observed in OA menisci, with a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa. 25725391 6 30 located observed 922:929 arg2 decrease 880:887 A significant decrease 866:887 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties 866:916 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties was observed in OA menisci, with a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa. 25725391 4 31 theme menisci 634:640 arg1 regions 604:610 Both the anterior and posterior regions 572:610 regions 604:610 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 7 32 from menisci 1094:1100 arg1 menisci 1124:1130 contralateral menisci 1110:1130 contralateral menisci 1110:1130 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 0 33 theme rabbit 46:51 arg1 model 53:57 an ACLT rabbit model 38:57 an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis 38:81 Meniscal biomechanical alterations in an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis. 25725391 1 34 theme matrix 296:301 arg1 alteration 303:312 matrix alteration 296:312 matrix alteration 296:312 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration. 25725391 4 35 dep regions 604:610 arg1 Both 572:575 Both 572:575 Both 572:575 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 10 36 theme OA 1452:1453 arg1 development 1455:1465 OA development 1452:1465 OA development 1452:1465 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 11 37 theme GAG 1526:1528 arg1 content 1530:1536 GAG content 1526:1536 GAG content 1526:1536 GAG content increases in response to this degradation. 25725391 1 38 theme osteoarthritis 208:221 arg1 development 228:238 osteoarthritis (OA) development 208:238 osteoarthritis (OA) development 208:238 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration. 25725391 10 39 theme mechanical 1488:1497 arg1 resistance 1499:1508 the mechanical resistance 1484:1508 the mechanical resistance of the menisci 1484:1523 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 3 40 theme knee 486:489 arg1 joints 491:496 rabbits' knee joints 477:496 rabbits' knee joints 477:496 DESIGN Menisci (n = 24) were removed from rabbits' knee joints 6 weeks following surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25725391 6 41 theme mechanical 896:905 arg1 properties 907:916 the mechanical properties 892:916 the mechanical properties 892:916 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties was observed in OA menisci, with a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa. 25725391 1 42 theme development 228:238 arg1 stage 199:203 the early stage 189:203 the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development 189:238 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration. 25725391 10 43 theme menisci 1517:1523 arg1 resistance 1499:1508 the mechanical resistance 1484:1508 the mechanical resistance of the menisci 1484:1523 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 7 44 theme operated 1085:1092 arg1 menisci 1094:1100 operated menisci 1085:1100 operated menisci than in contralateral menisci 1085:1130 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 3 45 theme surgical 516:523 arg1 ACLT 565:568 ACLT 565:568 ACLT 565:568 DESIGN Menisci (n = 24) were removed from rabbits' knee joints 6 weeks following surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25725391 3 45 theme surgical 516:523 arg1 transection 552:562 surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection 516:562 surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 516:569 DESIGN Menisci (n = 24) were removed from rabbits' knee joints 6 weeks following surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25725391 6 46 theme significant 868:878 arg1 decrease 880:887 A significant decrease 866:887 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties 866:916 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties was observed in OA menisci, with a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa. 25725391 4 47 theme lateral 626:632 arg1 menisci 634:640 medial and lateral menisci 615:640 medial and lateral menisci 615:640 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 7 48 theme compact 1057:1063 arg1 bundles 1074:1080 less organized and less compact collagen bundles 1033:1080 less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci 1033:1130 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 10 49 theme CONCLUSION 1363:1372 arg1 ACLT 1374:1377 CONCLUSION ACLT 1363:1377 CONCLUSION ACLT 1363:1377 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 1 50 theme menisci 174:180 arg1 alterations 159:169 the early biomechanical alterations 135:169 the early biomechanical alterations of menisci 135:180 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration. 25725391 3 51 theme cruciate 534:541 arg1 ACLT 565:568 ACLT 565:568 ACLT 565:568 DESIGN Menisci (n = 24) were removed from rabbits' knee joints 6 weeks following surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25725391 3 51 theme cruciate 534:541 arg1 transection 552:562 surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection 516:562 surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 516:569 DESIGN Menisci (n = 24) were removed from rabbits' knee joints 6 weeks following surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25725391 10 52 from disorganization 1388:1402 arg1 stage 1443:1447 the early stage 1433:1447 the early stage of OA development 1433:1465 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 9 53 from changes 1251:1257 arg1 structure 1276:1284 the secondary structure 1262:1284 the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization 1262:1315 Neither changes in the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization were detected through RM at this stage of OA. 25725391 4 54 theme medial 615:620 arg1 menisci 634:640 medial and lateral menisci 615:640 medial and lateral menisci 615:640 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 55 theme Raman 686:690 arg1 tests 679:683 indentation tests 667:683 indentation tests 667:683 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 55 theme Raman 686:690 arg1 microspectroscopy 692:708 Raman microspectroscopy 686:708 Raman microspectroscopy (RM) 686:713 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 55 theme Raman 686:690 arg1 RM 711:712 RM 711:712 RM 711:712 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 9 56 located detected 1322:1329 arg1 stage 1350:1354 this stage 1345:1354 this stage of OA 1345:1360 Neither changes in the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization were detected through RM at this stage of OA. 25725391 9 56 located detected 1322:1329 arg2 changes 1251:1257 Neither changes 1243:1257 Neither changes in the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization 1243:1315 Neither changes in the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization were detected through RM at this stage of OA. 25725391 0 57 theme early 62:66 arg1 osteoarthritis 68:81 early osteoarthritis 62:81 early osteoarthritis 62:81 Meniscal biomechanical alterations in an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis. 25725391 5 58 theme menisci 857:863 arg1 regions 827:833 both regions 822:833 both regions of medial and lateral menisci 822:863 RESULTS Mechanical and matrix alterations occurred in both regions of medial and lateral menisci. 25725391 10 59 from stage 1443:1447 arg1 disorganization 1388:1402 a disorganization 1386:1402 a disorganization 1386:1402 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 10 59 from stage 1443:1447 arg1 framework 1420:1428 the collagen framework 1407:1428 the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development 1407:1465 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 1 60 theme early 139:143 arg1 alterations 159:169 the early biomechanical alterations 135:169 the early biomechanical alterations of menisci 135:180 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration. 25725391 12 61 theme strong 1618:1623 arg1 correlation 1625:1635 the strong correlation 1614:1635 the strong correlation between matrix and mechanical alterations 1614:1677 All of these results demonstrate the strong correlation between matrix and mechanical alterations. 25725391 7 62 theme tension 1160:1166 arg1 bundles 1074:1080 less organized and less compact collagen bundles 1033:1080 less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci 1033:1130 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 7 62 theme tension 1160:1166 arg1 loss 1146:1149 a loss 1144:1149 a loss of fiber tension 1144:1166 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 6 63 theme mean 953:956 arg1 modulus 966:972 a mean reduced modulus 951:972 a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa 951:992 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties was observed in OA menisci, with a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa. 25725391 6 64 dep 1.1 MPa 986:992 arg1 to 983:984 to 983:984 to 983:984 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties was observed in OA menisci, with a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa. 25725391 10 65 theme collagen 1411:1418 arg1 framework 1420:1428 the collagen framework 1407:1428 the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development 1407:1465 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 2 66 theme glycosaminoglycan 370:386 arg1 content 394:400 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 370:400 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 370:400 A particular focus was paid to pathological changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and collagen fiber architecture. 25725391 5 67 theme Mechanical 776:785 arg1 RESULTS 768:774 RESULTS 768:774 RESULTS Mechanical 768:785 RESULTS Mechanical and matrix alterations occurred in both regions of medial and lateral menisci. 25725391 5 68 theme matrix 791:796 arg1 alterations 798:808 matrix alterations 791:808 matrix alterations 791:808 RESULTS Mechanical and matrix alterations occurred in both regions of medial and lateral menisci. 25725391 9 69 theme collagen 1289:1296 arg1 structure 1276:1284 the secondary structure 1262:1284 the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization 1262:1315 Neither changes in the secondary structure of collagen nor mineralization were detected through RM at this stage of OA. 25725391 2 70 theme collagen 406:413 arg1 architecture 421:432 collagen fiber architecture 406:432 collagen fiber architecture 406:432 A particular focus was paid to pathological changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and collagen fiber architecture. 25725391 7 71 from bundles 1074:1080 arg1 menisci 1094:1100 operated menisci 1085:1100 operated menisci than in contralateral menisci 1085:1130 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 10 72 theme early 1437:1441 arg1 stage 1443:1447 the early stage 1433:1447 the early stage of OA development 1433:1465 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 4 73 theme biphotonic 716:725 arg1 tests 679:683 indentation tests 667:683 indentation tests 667:683 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 73 theme biphotonic 716:725 arg1 BCM 748:750 BCM 748:750 BCM 748:750 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 73 theme biphotonic 716:725 arg1 microscopy 736:745 biphotonic confocal microscopy 716:745 biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) 716:751 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 2 74 theme pathological 346:357 arg1 changes 359:365 pathological changes 346:365 pathological changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and collagen fiber architecture 346:432 A particular focus was paid to pathological changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and collagen fiber architecture. 25725391 0 75 theme ACLT 41:44 arg1 model 53:57 an ACLT rabbit model 38:57 an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis 38:81 Meniscal biomechanical alterations in an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis. 25725391 1 76 theme chemical 271:278 arg1 composition 280:290 the chemical composition 267:290 the chemical composition 267:290 OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the early biomechanical alterations of menisci during the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) development and to correlate them with the chemical composition and matrix alteration. 25725391 8 77 theme GAG 1169:1171 arg1 content 1173:1179 GAG content 1169:1179 GAG content 1169:1179 GAG content was increased in OA menisci, especially in the damaged areas. 25725391 7 78 theme contralateral 1110:1122 arg1 menisci 1124:1130 contralateral menisci 1110:1130 contralateral menisci 1110:1130 Microstructural observations revealed less organized and less compact collagen bundles in operated menisci than in contralateral menisci, as well as a loss of fiber tension. 25725391 2 79 from changes 359:365 arg1 architecture 421:432 collagen fiber architecture 406:432 collagen fiber architecture 406:432 A particular focus was paid to pathological changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and collagen fiber architecture. 25725391 2 79 from changes 359:365 arg1 content 394:400 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 370:400 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content 370:400 A particular focus was paid to pathological changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and collagen fiber architecture. 25725391 10 80 theme development 1455:1465 arg1 stage 1443:1447 the early stage 1433:1447 the early stage of OA development 1433:1465 CONCLUSION ACLT led to a disorganization of the collagen framework at the early stage of OA development, which decreases the mechanical resistance of the menisci. 25725391 2 81 theme particular 317:326 arg1 paid 338:341 paid 338:341 paid 338:341 A particular focus was paid to pathological changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and collagen fiber architecture. 25725391 2 81 theme particular 317:326 arg1 focus 328:332 A particular focus 315:332 A particular focus 315:332 A particular focus was paid to pathological changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and collagen fiber architecture. 25725391 3 82 dep DESIGN 435:440 arg1 removed 464:470 removed 464:470 were removed from rabbits' knee joints 459:496 DESIGN Menisci (n = 24) were removed from rabbits' knee joints 6 weeks following surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25725391 4 83 theme anterior 581:588 arg1 regions 604:610 Both the anterior and posterior regions 572:610 regions 604:610 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 4 84 theme posterior 594:602 arg1 regions 604:610 Both the anterior and posterior regions 572:610 regions 604:610 Both the anterior and posterior regions of medial and lateral menisci were characterized using indentation tests, Raman microspectroscopy (RM), biphotonic confocal microscopy (BCM) and histology. 25725391 6 85 from decrease 880:887 arg1 properties 907:916 the mechanical properties 892:916 the mechanical properties 892:916 A significant decrease in the mechanical properties was observed in OA menisci, with a mean reduced modulus from 2.3 to 1.1 MPa. 25725391 0 86 theme biomechanical 9:21 arg1 alterations 23:33 Meniscal biomechanical alterations 0:33 Meniscal biomechanical alterations in an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis 0:81 Meniscal biomechanical alterations in an ACLT rabbit model of early osteoarthritis. 25604338 5 0 theme DNA 607:609 arg1 content 615:621 The DNA G+C content 603:621 The DNA G+C content 603:621 The DNA G+C content was 72.8 mol%. 25604338 5 0 theme DNA 607:609 arg1 % 635:635 72.8 mol% 627:635 72.8 mol% 627:635 The DNA G+C content was 72.8 mol%. 25604338 1 1 theme Serinibacter 133:144 arg1 description 108:118 a mangrove, and emended description 84:118 a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter 84:144 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter. 25604338 5 2 theme G+C 611:613 arg1 content 615:621 The DNA G+C content 603:621 The DNA G+C content 603:621 The DNA G+C content was 72.8 mol%. 25604338 5 2 theme G+C 611:613 arg1 % 635:635 72.8 mol% 627:635 72.8 mol% 627:635 The DNA G+C content was 72.8 mol%. 25604338 8 3 theme Serinibacter 1004:1015 arg1 species 983:989 a novel species 975:989 a novel species 975:989 Therefore, strain PS-14-7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Serinibacter , for which the name Serinibacter tropicus sp. 25604338 6 4 theme sequence 683:690 arg1 comparisons 692:702 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 669:702 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 669:702 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 11 5 theme genus 1180:1184 arg1 Serinibacter 1186:1197 the genus Serinibacter 1176:1197 the genus Serinibacter 1176:1197 An emended description of the genus Serinibacter is also proposed. 25604338 6 6 theme Phylogenetic 638:649 arg1 analysis 651:658 Phylogenetic analysis 638:658 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 638:702 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 2 7 theme mangrove 254:261 arg1 rhizosphere 237:247 the rhizosphere 233:247 the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia 233:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 3 8 theme diamino 448:454 arg1 acid 456:459 the diagnostic diamino acid 433:459 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 433:480 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 3 8 theme diamino 448:454 arg1 lysine 422:427 lysine 422:427 lysine 422:427 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 10 9 theme type 1086:1089 arg1 PS-14-7 1101:1107 PS-14-7 1101:1107 PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)) 1101:1147 The type strain is PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)). 25604338 10 9 theme type 1086:1089 arg1 strain 1091:1096 The type strain 1082:1096 The type strain 1082:1096 The type strain is PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)). 25604338 8 10 theme Serinibacter 1038:1049 arg1 sp 1060:1061 the name Serinibacter tropicus sp 1029:1061 the name Serinibacter tropicus sp 1029:1061 Therefore, strain PS-14-7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Serinibacter , for which the name Serinibacter tropicus sp. 25604338 3 11 theme peptidoglycan 468:480 arg1 acid 456:459 the diagnostic diamino acid 433:459 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 433:480 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 3 11 theme peptidoglycan 468:480 arg1 type 384:387 The peptidoglycan type 366:387 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) 366:408 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 3 11 theme peptidoglycan 468:480 arg1 A4α 414:416 A4α 414:416 A4α 414:416 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 3 11 theme peptidoglycan 468:480 arg1 lysine 422:427 lysine 422:427 lysine 422:427 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 3 12 theme strain 392:397 arg1 T 407:407 T 407:407 T 407:407 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 3 12 theme strain 392:397 arg1 PS-14-7 399:405 strain PS-14-7 392:405 strain PS-14-7(T) 392:408 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 5 13 theme mol 632:634 arg1 content 615:621 The DNA G+C content 603:621 The DNA G+C content 603:621 The DNA G+C content was 72.8 mol%. 25604338 5 13 theme mol 632:634 arg1 % 635:635 72.8 mol% 627:635 72.8 mol% 627:635 The DNA G+C content was 72.8 mol%. 25604338 6 14 theme strain 718:723 arg1 PS-14-7 725:731 strain PS-14-7 718:731 strain PS-14-7(T) 718:734 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 6 14 theme strain 718:723 arg1 T 733:733 T 733:733 T 733:733 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 7 15 dep Serinibacter 910:921 arg1 salmoneus 923:931 Serinibacter salmoneus 910:931 Serinibacter salmoneus 910:931 However, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic characteristics revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) differed from Serinibacter salmoneus . 25604338 11 16 theme emended 1153:1159 arg1 description 1161:1171 An emended description 1150:1171 An emended description of the genus Serinibacter 1150:1197 An emended description of the genus Serinibacter is also proposed. 25604338 0 17 theme tropicus 13:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Serinibacter tropicus sp 0:23 Serinibacter tropicus sp. 0:24 Serinibacter tropicus sp. 25604338 8 18 theme strain 946:951 arg1 T 961:961 T 961:961 T 961:961 Therefore, strain PS-14-7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Serinibacter , for which the name Serinibacter tropicus sp. 25604338 8 18 theme strain 946:951 arg1 PS-14-7 953:959 strain PS-14-7 946:959 strain PS-14-7(T) 946:962 Therefore, strain PS-14-7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Serinibacter , for which the name Serinibacter tropicus sp. 25604338 2 19 theme polyphasic 345:354 arg1 approach 356:363 a polyphasic approach 343:363 a polyphasic approach 343:363 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 0 20 theme Serinibacter 0:11 arg1 sp 22:23 Serinibacter tropicus sp 0:23 Serinibacter tropicus sp. 0:24 Serinibacter tropicus sp. 25604338 3 21 theme PS-14-7 399:405 arg1 A4α 414:416 A4α 414:416 A4α 414:416 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 3 21 theme PS-14-7 399:405 arg1 type 384:387 The peptidoglycan type 366:387 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) 366:408 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 1 22 attach isolated 51:58 arg2 actinobacterium 35:49 an actinobacterium 32:49 an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter 32:144 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter. 25604338 1 22 attach isolated 51:58 arg1 rhizosphere 69:79 the rhizosphere 65:79 the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter 65:144 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter. 25604338 7 23 theme strain 878:883 arg1 T 893:893 T 893:893 T 893:893 However, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic characteristics revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) differed from Serinibacter salmoneus . 25604338 7 23 theme strain 878:883 arg1 PS-14-7 885:891 strain PS-14-7 878:891 strain PS-14-7(T) 878:894 However, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic characteristics revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) differed from Serinibacter salmoneus . 25604338 10 24 theme T 1128:1128 arg1 A 1139:1139  = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515 1113:1143  = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T) 1113:1146 The type strain is PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)). 25604338 10 24 theme T 1128:1128 arg1 T 1145:1145 T 1145:1145 T 1145:1145 The type strain is PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)). 25604338 1 25 theme mangrove 86:93 arg1 description 108:118 a mangrove, and emended description 84:118 a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter 84:144 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter. 25604338 10 26 dep PS-14-7 1101:1107 arg1 A 1139:1139  = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515 1113:1143  = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T) 1113:1146 The type strain is PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)). 25604338 10 26 dep PS-14-7 1101:1107 arg1 T 1145:1145 T 1145:1145 T 1145:1145 The type strain is PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)). 25604338 8 27 theme tropicus 1051:1058 arg1 sp 1060:1061 the name Serinibacter tropicus sp 1029:1061 the name Serinibacter tropicus sp 1029:1061 Therefore, strain PS-14-7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Serinibacter , for which the name Serinibacter tropicus sp. 25604338 2 28 theme Pramuka 266:272 arg1 Island 274:279 Pramuka Island 266:279 Pramuka Island 266:279 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 2 28 theme Pramuka 266:272 arg1 Indonesia 282:290 Indonesia 282:290 Indonesia 282:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 2 29 from rhizosphere 237:247 arg1 Island 274:279 Pramuka Island 266:279 Pramuka Island 266:279 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 2 29 from rhizosphere 237:247 arg1 Indonesia 282:290 Indonesia 282:290 Indonesia 282:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 1 30 dep actinobacterium 35:49 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter. 25604338 8 31 theme genus 998:1002 arg1 Serinibacter 1004:1015 the genus Serinibacter 994:1015 the genus Serinibacter 994:1015 Therefore, strain PS-14-7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Serinibacter , for which the name Serinibacter tropicus sp. 25604338 3 32 theme diagnostic 437:446 arg1 acid 456:459 the diagnostic diamino acid 433:459 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 433:480 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 3 32 theme diagnostic 437:446 arg1 lysine 422:427 lysine 422:427 lysine 422:427 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 2 33 theme Gram-stain-positive 155:173 arg1 actinobacterium 175:189 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 147:189 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 147:189 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 6 34 theme salmoneus 772:780 arg1 % 798:798 99.6% 794:798 99.6% 794:798 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 6 34 theme salmoneus 772:780 arg1 T 790:790 T 790:790 T 790:790 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 6 34 theme salmoneus 772:780 arg1 Kis4-28 782:788 Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28 759:788 Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%) 759:799 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 2 35 theme novel 149:153 arg1 actinobacterium 175:189 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 147:189 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 147:189 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 8 36 theme novel 977:981 arg1 species 983:989 a novel species 975:989 a novel species 975:989 Therefore, strain PS-14-7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Serinibacter , for which the name Serinibacter tropicus sp. 25604338 6 37 theme Serinibacter 759:770 arg1 % 798:798 99.6% 794:798 99.6% 794:798 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 6 37 theme Serinibacter 759:770 arg1 T 790:790 T 790:790 T 790:790 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 6 37 theme Serinibacter 759:770 arg1 Kis4-28 782:788 Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28 759:788 Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%) 759:799 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 7 38 theme phenotypic 837:846 arg1 characteristics 848:862 phenotypic characteristics 837:862 phenotypic characteristics 837:862 However, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic characteristics revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) differed from Serinibacter salmoneus . 25604338 6 39 theme gene 678:681 arg1 comparisons 692:702 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 669:702 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 669:702 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 7 40 theme DNA-DNA 811:817 arg1 hybridization 819:831 DNA-DNA hybridization 811:831 DNA-DNA hybridization 811:831 However, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic characteristics revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) differed from Serinibacter salmoneus . 25604338 2 41 theme taxonomic 301:309 arg1 position 311:318 its taxonomic position 297:318 its taxonomic position 297:318 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 3 42 theme peptidoglycan 370:382 arg1 A4α 414:416 A4α 414:416 A4α 414:416 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 3 42 theme peptidoglycan 370:382 arg1 type 384:387 The peptidoglycan type 366:387 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) 366:408 The peptidoglycan type of strain PS-14-7(T) was A4α and lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. 25604338 4 43 theme predominant 487:497 arg1 MK-8 515:518 MK-8 515:518 MK-8 515:518 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 25604338 4 43 theme predominant 487:497 arg1 menaquinone 499:509 The predominant menaquinone 483:509 The predominant menaquinone 483:509 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 25604338 6 44 theme rRNA 673:676 arg1 comparisons 692:702 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 669:702 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 669:702 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 1 45 theme emended 100:106 arg1 description 108:118 a mangrove, and emended description 84:118 a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter 84:144 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter. 25604338 6 46 theme 16S 669:671 arg1 comparisons 692:702 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 669:702 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 669:702 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain PS-14-7(T) was closely related to Serinibacter salmoneus Kis4-28(T) (99.6%). 25604338 8 47 theme name 1033:1036 arg1 sp 1060:1061 the name Serinibacter tropicus sp 1029:1061 the name Serinibacter tropicus sp 1029:1061 Therefore, strain PS-14-7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Serinibacter , for which the name Serinibacter tropicus sp. 25604338 1 48 theme description 108:118 arg1 rhizosphere 69:79 the rhizosphere 65:79 the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter 65:144 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter. 25604338 4 49 theme fatty 538:542 arg1 anteiso-C 555:563 anteiso-C 555:563 anteiso-C 555:563 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 25604338 4 49 theme fatty 538:542 arg1 acids 544:548 the major fatty acids 528:548 the major fatty acids 528:548 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 25604338 10 50 theme  = InaCC 1130:1137 arg1 A 1139:1139  = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515 1113:1143  = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T) 1113:1146 The type strain is PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)). 25604338 10 50 theme  = InaCC 1130:1137 arg1 T 1145:1145 T 1145:1145 T 1145:1145 The type strain is PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)). 25604338 11 51 theme Serinibacter 1186:1197 arg1 description 1161:1171 An emended description 1150:1171 An emended description of the genus Serinibacter 1150:1197 An emended description of the genus Serinibacter is also proposed. 25604338 4 52 theme major 532:536 arg1 anteiso-C 555:563 anteiso-C 555:563 anteiso-C 555:563 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 25604338 4 52 theme major 532:536 arg1 acids 544:548 the major fatty acids 528:548 the major fatty acids 528:548 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 25604338 2 53 from mangrove 254:261 arg1 Island 274:279 Pramuka Island 266:279 Pramuka Island 266:279 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 2 53 from mangrove 254:261 arg1 Indonesia 282:290 Indonesia 282:290 Indonesia 282:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 2 54 attach isolated 219:226 arg2 actinobacterium 175:189 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 147:189 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium 147:189 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 2 54 attach isolated 219:226 arg1 rhizosphere 237:247 the rhizosphere 233:247 the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia 233:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 25604338 10 55 theme  = NBRC 1113:1119 arg1 A 1139:1139  = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515 1113:1143  = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T) 1113:1146 The type strain is PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)). 25604338 10 55 theme  = NBRC 1113:1119 arg1 T 1145:1145 T 1145:1145 T 1145:1145 The type strain is PS-14-7(T) ( = NBRC 110108(T) = InaCC A 515(T)). 25604338 1 56 theme genus 127:131 arg1 Serinibacter 133:144 the genus Serinibacter 123:144 the genus Serinibacter 123:144 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove, and emended description of the genus Serinibacter. 25604338 2 57 from Island 274:279 arg1 rhizosphere 237:247 the rhizosphere 233:247 the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia 233:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated PS-14-7(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24867174 3 0 theme sequence 295:302 arg1 analysis 304:311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 281:311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 281:311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 2 1 theme actinomycetes 109:121 arg1 strain 123:128 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) 106:140 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia 106:222 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 3 2 theme % 443:443 arg1 album 424:428 Sinosporangium album 6014 409:433 Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity) 409:464 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 3 2 theme % 443:443 arg1 similarity 454:463 98.8% sequence similarity 439:463 98.8% sequence similarity 439:463 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 12 3 dep 1946 1480:1483 arg1 109515 1512:1517  = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515 1489:1517  = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T) 1489:1520 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 12 3 dep 1946 1480:1483 arg1 T 1519:1519 T 1519:1519 T 1519:1519 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 13 4 theme genus 1554:1558 arg1 Sinosporangium 1560:1573 the genus Sinosporangium 1550:1573 the genus Sinosporangium 1550:1573 An emended description of the genus Sinosporangium is also provided. 24867174 3 5 theme sequence 445:452 arg1 album 424:428 Sinosporangium album 6014 409:433 Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity) 409:464 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 3 5 theme sequence 445:452 arg1 similarity 454:463 98.8% sequence similarity 439:463 98.8% sequence similarity 439:463 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 9 6 theme predominant 1126:1136 arg1 acids 1153:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1122:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1122:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 9 6 theme predominant 1126:1136 arg1 C 1176:1176 unsaturated C 1164:1176 unsaturated C(16 : 1) 1164:1184 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 5 7 theme meso-diaminopimelic 652:670 arg1 acid 672:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24867174 9 8 theme cellular 1138:1145 arg1 acids 1153:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1122:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1122:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 9 8 theme cellular 1138:1145 arg1 C 1176:1176 unsaturated C 1164:1176 unsaturated C(16 : 1) 1164:1184 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 8 9 theme unknown 1099:1105 arg1 phospholipids 1107:1119 two unknown phospholipids 1095:1119 two unknown phospholipids 1095:1119 The diagnostic phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, two unknown phosphoglycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 24867174 8 10 theme diagnostic 796:805 arg1 phospholipids 807:819 The diagnostic phospholipids 792:819 The diagnostic phospholipids 792:819 The diagnostic phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, two unknown phosphoglycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 24867174 8 10 theme diagnostic 796:805 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 826:847 diphosphatidylglycerol 826:847 diphosphatidylglycerol 826:847 The diagnostic phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, two unknown phosphoglycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 24867174 9 11 dep 17  1241:1243 arg1  0 1245:1246  0 1245:1246 17 : 0 1241:1246 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 3 12 theme strain 328:333 arg1 A-T 335:337 strain A-T 1946 328:342 strain A-T 1946(T) 328:345 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 3 12 theme strain 328:333 arg1 T 344:344 T 344:344 T 344:344 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 9 13 theme fatty 1147:1151 arg1 acids 1153:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1122:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1122:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 9 13 theme fatty 1147:1151 arg1 C 1176:1176 unsaturated C 1164:1176 unsaturated C(16 : 1) 1164:1184 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 8 14 theme N-acetylglucosamine-containing 1014:1043 arg1 phospholipids 1045:1057 N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids 1014:1057 N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids 1014:1057 The diagnostic phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, two unknown phosphoglycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 24867174 1 15 theme emended 57:63 arg1 description 65:75 emended description 57:75 emended description 57:75 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Sinosporangium. 24867174 9 16 dep C 1190:1190 arg1 17  1192:1194 17  1192:1194 17 : 1 1192:1197 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 2 17 theme forest 256:261 arg1 soil 263:266 dry deciduous forest soil 242:266 dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand 242:278 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 4 18 theme relatedness 479:489 arg1 values 491:496 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 467:496 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 467:496 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 43.7-50.9%, which were significantly below 70% and differentiated strain A-T 1946(T) from the closest species. 24867174 4 18 theme relatedness 479:489 arg1 % 512:512 43.7-50.9% 503:512 43.7-50.9% 503:512 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 43.7-50.9%, which were significantly below 70% and differentiated strain A-T 1946(T) from the closest species. 24867174 13 19 theme emended 1527:1533 arg1 description 1535:1545 An emended description 1524:1545 An emended description of the genus Sinosporangium 1524:1573 An emended description of the genus Sinosporangium is also provided. 24867174 10 20 theme siamense 1439:1446 arg1 sp 1448:1449 Sinosporangium siamense sp 1424:1449 Sinosporangium siamense sp 1424:1449 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp. 24867174 9 21 theme unsaturated 1164:1174 arg1  1 1182:1183  1 1182:1183  1 1182:1183 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 9 21 theme unsaturated 1164:1174 arg1 acids 1153:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1122:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1122:1157 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 9 21 theme unsaturated 1164:1174 arg1 C 1176:1176 unsaturated C 1164:1176 unsaturated C(16 : 1) 1164:1184 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 5 22 contain contained 642:650 arg1 peptidoglycan 628:640 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 614:640 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 614:640 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24867174 5 22 contain contained 642:650 arg2 acid 672:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 meso-diaminopimelic acid 652:675 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24867174 10 23 theme Sinosporangium 1424:1437 arg1 sp 1448:1449 Sinosporangium siamense sp 1424:1449 Sinosporangium siamense sp 1424:1449 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp. 24867174 6 24 contain contained 700:708 arg2 rhamnose 710:717 rhamnose 710:717 rhamnose 710:717 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 24867174 6 24 contain contained 700:708 arg1 sugars 693:698 The whole-cell sugars 678:698 The whole-cell sugars 678:698 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 24867174 6 24 contain contained 700:708 arg2 glucose 741:747 glucose 741:747 glucose 741:747 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 24867174 6 24 contain contained 700:708 arg2 madurose 728:735 madurose 728:735 madurose 728:735 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 24867174 6 24 contain contained 700:708 arg2 ribose 720:725 ribose 720:725 ribose 720:725 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 24867174 8 25 theme unknown 1064:1070 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1072:1089 two unknown phosphoglycolipids 1060:1089 two unknown phosphoglycolipids 1060:1089 The diagnostic phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, two unknown phosphoglycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 24867174 1 26 theme genus 84:88 arg1 Sinosporangium 90:103 the genus Sinosporangium 80:103 the genus Sinosporangium 80:103 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Sinosporangium. 24867174 10 27 theme phenotypic 1277:1286 arg1 characteristics 1318:1332 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1277:1332 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1277:1332 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp. 24867174 4 28 theme strain 569:574 arg1 A-T 576:578 strain A-T 1946 569:583 strain A-T 1946(T) 569:586 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 43.7-50.9%, which were significantly below 70% and differentiated strain A-T 1946(T) from the closest species. 24867174 4 28 theme strain 569:574 arg1 T 585:585 T 585:585 T 585:585 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 43.7-50.9%, which were significantly below 70% and differentiated strain A-T 1946(T) from the closest species. 24867174 10 29 theme chemotaxonomic 1289:1302 arg1 characteristics 1318:1332 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1277:1332 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1277:1332 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp. 24867174 5 30 theme cell-wall 618:626 arg1 peptidoglycan 628:640 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 614:640 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 614:640 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24867174 2 31 theme spherical 157:165 arg1 sporangia 167:175 spherical sporangia 157:175 spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores 157:204 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 1 32 theme Sinosporangium 90:103 arg1 soil 48:51 soil 48:51 soil 48:51 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Sinosporangium. 24867174 1 32 theme Sinosporangium 90:103 arg1 description 65:75 emended description 57:75 emended description 57:75 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Sinosporangium. 24867174 7 33 theme predominant 754:764 arg1 MK-9 782:785 MK-9 782:785 MK-9 782:785 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H2). 24867174 7 33 theme predominant 754:764 arg1 menaquinone 766:776 The predominant menaquinone 750:776 The predominant menaquinone 750:776 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H2). 24867174 2 34 contain containing 177:186 arg2 spores 199:204 non-motile spores 188:204 non-motile spores 188:204 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 2 34 contain containing 177:186 arg1 sporangia 167:175 spherical sporangia 157:175 spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores 157:204 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 13 35 theme Sinosporangium 1560:1573 arg1 description 1535:1545 An emended description 1524:1545 An emended description of the genus Sinosporangium 1524:1573 An emended description of the genus Sinosporangium is also provided. 24867174 9 36 dep C 1215:1215 arg1 17  1241:1243 17  1241:1243 17 : 0 1241:1246 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 9 37 dep 17  1192:1194 arg1  1 1196:1197  1 1196:1197 17 : 1 1192:1197 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 3 38 theme Sinosporangium 409:422 arg1 album 424:428 Sinosporangium album 6014 409:433 Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity) 409:464 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 3 38 theme Sinosporangium 409:422 arg1 T 435:435 T 435:435 T 435:435 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 3 38 theme Sinosporangium 409:422 arg1 similarity 454:463 98.8% sequence similarity 439:463 98.8% sequence similarity 439:463 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 12 39 theme  = NBRC 1504:1510 arg1 109515 1512:1517  = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515 1489:1517  = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T) 1489:1520 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 12 39 theme  = NBRC 1504:1510 arg1 T 1519:1519 T 1519:1519 T 1519:1519 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 12 40 theme T 1502:1502 arg1 109515 1512:1517  = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515 1489:1517  = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T) 1489:1520 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 12 40 theme T 1502:1502 arg1 T 1519:1519 T 1519:1519 T 1519:1519 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 10 41 theme characteristics 1318:1332 arg1 evaluation 1263:1272 an evaluation 1260:1272 an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1260:1332 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp. 24867174 10 42 theme Sinosporangium 1397:1410 arg1 species 1380:1386 a novel species 1372:1386 a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp 1372:1449 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp. 24867174 3 43 theme rRNA 285:288 arg1 analysis 304:311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 281:311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 281:311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 12 44 theme A-T 1476:1478 arg1 T 1485:1485 T 1485:1485 T 1485:1485 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 12 44 theme A-T 1476:1478 arg1 strain 1466:1471 The type strain 1457:1471 The type strain 1457:1471 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 12 44 theme A-T 1476:1478 arg1 1946 1480:1483 A-T 1946 1476:1483 A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)) 1476:1521 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 2 45 theme aerial 209:214 arg1 mycelia 216:222 aerial mycelia 209:222 aerial mycelia 209:222 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 10 46 theme genotypic 1308:1316 arg1 characteristics 1318:1332 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1277:1332 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1277:1332 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp. 24867174 3 47 theme genus 362:366 arg1 Sinosporangium 368:381 the genus Sinosporangium 358:381 the genus Sinosporangium 358:381 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 2 48 dep strain 123:128 arg1 A-T 130:132 A-T 1946 130:137 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia 106:222 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 2 48 dep strain 123:128 arg1 T 139:139 T 139:139 T 139:139 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 3 49 theme gene 290:293 arg1 analysis 304:311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 281:311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 281:311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 3 50 theme 98.8 439:442 arg1 % 443:443 % 443:443 % 443:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 2 51 from soil 263:266 arg1 Thailand 271:278 Thailand 271:278 Thailand 271:278 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 4 52 theme DNA-DNA 471:477 arg1 values 491:496 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 467:496 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 467:496 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 43.7-50.9%, which were significantly below 70% and differentiated strain A-T 1946(T) from the closest species. 24867174 4 52 theme DNA-DNA 471:477 arg1 % 512:512 43.7-50.9% 503:512 43.7-50.9% 503:512 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 43.7-50.9%, which were significantly below 70% and differentiated strain A-T 1946(T) from the closest species. 24867174 2 53 theme non-motile 188:197 arg1 spores 199:204 non-motile spores 188:204 non-motile spores 188:204 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 2 54 theme deciduous 246:254 arg1 soil 263:266 dry deciduous forest soil 242:266 dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand 242:278 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 6 55 theme whole-cell 682:691 arg1 sugars 693:698 The whole-cell sugars 678:698 The whole-cell sugars 678:698 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 24867174 3 56 theme 16S 281:283 arg1 rRNA 285:288 16S rRNA 281:288 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 281:311 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946(T) belongs to the genus Sinosporangium, being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014(T) (98.8% sequence similarity). 24867174 12 57 theme type 1461:1464 arg1 strain 1466:1471 The type strain 1457:1471 The type strain 1457:1471 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 12 57 theme type 1461:1464 arg1 1946 1480:1483 A-T 1946 1476:1483 A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)) 1476:1521 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 2 58 theme dry 242:244 arg1 soil 263:266 dry deciduous forest soil 242:266 dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand 242:278 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 9 59 theme saturated 1205:1213 arg1  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 9 59 theme saturated 1205:1213 arg1 C 1215:1215 saturated C 1205:1215 saturated C(16 : 0) 1205:1223 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C(16 : 1) and C(17 : 1), and saturated C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl-C(17 : 0). 24867174 12 60 theme  = BCC 1489:1494 arg1 109515 1512:1517  = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515 1489:1517  = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T) 1489:1520 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 12 60 theme  = BCC 1489:1494 arg1 T 1519:1519 T 1519:1519 T 1519:1519 The type strain is A-T 1946(T) ( = BCC 29081(T) = NBRC 109515(T)). 24867174 4 61 theme closest 597:603 arg1 species 605:611 the closest species 593:611 the closest species 593:611 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 43.7-50.9%, which were significantly below 70% and differentiated strain A-T 1946(T) from the closest species. 24867174 2 62 attach isolated 228:235 arg2 strain 123:128 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) 106:140 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia 106:222 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 2 62 attach isolated 228:235 arg1 soil 263:266 dry deciduous forest soil 242:266 dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand 242:278 An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946(T) that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 24867174 10 63 theme novel 1374:1378 arg1 species 1380:1386 a novel species 1372:1386 a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp 1372:1449 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp. 24488931 13 0 theme genus 1505:1509 arg1 species 1488:1494 a novel species 1480:1494 a novel species 1480:1494 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 6 1 with oval 582:585 arg1 surface 610:616 a ridged surface 601:616 a ridged surface 601:616 The non-motile spores were oval in shape with a ridged surface. 24488931 12 2 theme suborder 1312:1319 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 1292:1309 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1281:1309 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1281:1309 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 12 2 theme suborder 1312:1319 arg1 Pseudonocardineae 1321:1337 suborder Pseudonocardineae 1312:1337 suborder Pseudonocardineae 1312:1337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 6 3 theme non-motile 559:568 arg1 oval 582:585 oval 582:585 oval 582:585 The non-motile spores were oval in shape with a ridged surface. 24488931 6 3 theme non-motile 559:568 arg1 spores 570:575 The non-motile spores 555:575 The non-motile spores 555:575 The non-motile spores were oval in shape with a ridged surface. 24488931 13 4 dep sp 1601:1602 arg1 nov. 1595:1598 the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 1555:1598 the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 1555:1598 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 2 5 theme thermophilic 95:106 arg1 actinomycete 108:119 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 87:119 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 87:119 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated AG2-7T, was isolated from mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 24488931 12 6 dep % 1361:1361 arg1 5 1360:1360 5 1360:1360 5 1360:1360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 15 7 theme type 1646:1649 arg1 species 1651:1657 the type species 1642:1657 the type species 1642:1657 The type strain of the type species is AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T). 24488931 15 8 theme BAA-2499T=CGMCC 1676:1690 arg1 AG2-7T 1662:1667 AG2-7T 1662:1667 AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T) 1662:1699 The type strain of the type species is AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T). 24488931 15 8 theme BAA-2499T=CGMCC 1676:1690 arg1 4.7099T 1692:1698 =ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T 1670:1698 =ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T 1670:1698 The type strain of the type species is AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T). 24488931 2 9 theme novel 89:93 arg1 actinomycete 108:119 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 87:119 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 87:119 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated AG2-7T, was isolated from mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 24488931 6 10 from shape 590:594 arg1 oval 582:585 oval 582:585 oval 582:585 The non-motile spores were oval in shape with a ridged surface. 24488931 6 10 from shape 590:594 arg1 spores 570:575 The non-motile spores 555:575 The non-motile spores 555:575 The non-motile spores were oval in shape with a ridged surface. 24488931 15 11 theme species 1651:1657 arg1 strain 1632:1637 The type strain 1623:1637 The type strain of the type species 1623:1657 The type strain of the type species is AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T). 24488931 15 11 theme species 1651:1657 arg1 AG2-7T 1662:1667 AG2-7T 1662:1667 AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T) 1662:1699 The type strain of the type species is AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T). 24488931 7 12 theme meso-diaminopimelic 643:661 arg1 acid 694:697 the diagnostic diamino acid 671:697 the diagnostic diamino acid 671:697 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24488931 7 12 theme meso-diaminopimelic 643:661 arg1 acid 663:666 meso-diaminopimelic acid 643:666 meso-diaminopimelic acid 643:666 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24488931 2 13 from compost 176:182 arg1 China 216:220 China 216:220 China 216:220 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated AG2-7T, was isolated from mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 24488931 2 13 from compost 176:182 arg1 Nanning 207:213 Nanning 207:213 Nanning 207:213 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated AG2-7T, was isolated from mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 24488931 5 14 theme aerial 540:545 arg1 hyphae 547:552 aerial hyphae 540:552 aerial hyphae 540:552 Aerial mycelium was abundant, whitish and differentiated into long chains of spores, with a membranous structure or tunica partially covering the surface of aerial hyphae. 24488931 11 15 theme G+C 1166:1168 arg1 % 1209:1209 63.6 mol% 1201:1209 63.6 mol% 1201:1209 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.6 mol%. 24488931 11 15 theme G+C 1166:1168 arg1 content 1170:1176 The G+C content 1162:1176 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1162:1195 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.6 mol%. 24488931 5 16 dep structure 486:494 arg1 a 473:473 a 473:473 a 473:473 Aerial mycelium was abundant, whitish and differentiated into long chains of spores, with a membranous structure or tunica partially covering the surface of aerial hyphae. 24488931 13 17 from species 1488:1494 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 1525:1542 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1514:1542 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1514:1542 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 5 18 theme hyphae 547:552 arg1 surface 529:535 the surface 525:535 the surface of aerial hyphae 525:552 Aerial mycelium was abundant, whitish and differentiated into long chains of spores, with a membranous structure or tunica partially covering the surface of aerial hyphae. 24488931 10 19 theme glucosamine-containing 1124:1145 arg1 phospholipids 1147:1159 unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids 1116:1159 unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids 1116:1159 The polar phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid and unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids. 24488931 12 20 from members 1385:1391 arg1 divergence 1363:1372 more than 5% divergence 1350:1372 more than 5% divergence from other members of the family 1350:1405 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 12 21 theme family 1400:1405 arg1 members 1385:1391 other members 1379:1391 other members of the family 1379:1405 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 4 22 theme Vegetative 300:309 arg1 mycelia 311:317 Vegetative mycelia 300:317 Vegetative mycelia 300:317 Vegetative mycelia were branched and whitish to pale yellow without fragmentation. 24488931 1 23 theme mushroom 61:68 arg1 compost 78:84 mushroom residue compost 61:84 mushroom residue compost 61:84 nov., isolated from mushroom residue compost. 24488931 5 24 theme long 445:448 arg1 chains 450:455 long chains 445:455 long chains of spores 445:465 Aerial mycelium was abundant, whitish and differentiated into long chains of spores, with a membranous structure or tunica partially covering the surface of aerial hyphae. 24488931 13 25 theme strain 1455:1460 arg1 AG2-7T 1462:1467 strain AG2-7T 1455:1467 strain AG2-7T 1455:1467 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 0 26 theme guangxiensis 13:24 arg1 nov. 31:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 0:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 0:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 13 27 from Pseudonocardiaceae 1525:1542 arg1 species 1488:1494 a novel species 1480:1494 a novel species 1480:1494 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 1 28 theme residue 70:76 arg1 compost 78:84 mushroom residue compost 61:84 mushroom residue compost 61:84 nov., isolated from mushroom residue compost. 24488931 0 29 theme Thermotunica 0:11 arg1 nov. 31:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 0:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 0:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 10 30 theme unknown 1091:1097 arg1 phospholipid 1099:1110 an unknown phospholipid 1088:1110 an unknown phospholipid 1088:1110 The polar phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid and unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids. 24488931 11 31 theme genomic 1185:1191 arg1 DNA 1193:1195 the genomic DNA 1181:1195 the genomic DNA 1181:1195 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.6 mol%. 24488931 13 32 from genus 1505:1509 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 1525:1542 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1514:1542 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1514:1542 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 11 33 theme 63.6 1201:1204 arg1 mol 1206:1208 mol 1206:1208 mol 1206:1208 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.6 mol%. 24488931 6 34 theme ridged 603:608 arg1 surface 610:616 a ridged surface 601:616 a ridged surface 601:616 The non-motile spores were oval in shape with a ridged surface. 24488931 12 35 theme sequence 1226:1233 arg1 analysis 1235:1242 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1212:1242 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1212:1242 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 0 36 theme gen. 26:29 arg1 nov. 31:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 0:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 0:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 12 37 theme other 1379:1383 arg1 members 1385:1391 other members 1379:1391 other members of the family 1379:1405 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 2 38 theme residue 168:174 arg1 compost 176:182 mushroom residue compost 159:182 mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China 159:220 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated AG2-7T, was isolated from mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 24488931 12 39 theme gene 1221:1224 arg1 analysis 1235:1242 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1212:1242 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1212:1242 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 11 40 theme DNA 1193:1195 arg1 % 1209:1209 63.6 mol% 1201:1209 63.6 mol% 1201:1209 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.6 mol%. 24488931 11 40 theme DNA 1193:1195 arg1 content 1170:1176 The G+C content 1162:1176 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1162:1195 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.6 mol%. 24488931 2 41 theme mushroom 159:166 arg1 compost 176:182 mushroom residue compost 159:182 mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China 159:220 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated AG2-7T, was isolated from mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 24488931 6 42 from oval 582:585 arg1 shape 590:594 shape 590:594 shape 590:594 The non-motile spores were oval in shape with a ridged surface. 24488931 15 43 theme =ATCC 1670:1674 arg1 AG2-7T 1662:1667 AG2-7T 1662:1667 AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T) 1662:1699 The type strain of the type species is AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T). 24488931 15 43 theme =ATCC 1670:1674 arg1 4.7099T 1692:1698 =ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T 1670:1698 =ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T 1670:1698 The type strain of the type species is AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T). 24488931 2 44 attach isolated 145:152 arg1 compost 176:182 mushroom residue compost 159:182 mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China 159:220 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated AG2-7T, was isolated from mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 24488931 2 44 attach isolated 145:152 arg2 actinomycete 108:119 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 87:119 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 87:119 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated AG2-7T, was isolated from mushroom residue compost in Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 24488931 9 45 theme predominant 860:870 arg1 menaquinone 872:882 the predominant menaquinone 856:882 the predominant menaquinone 856:882 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 24488931 9 45 theme predominant 860:870 arg1 MK-9 843:846 MK-9 843:846 MK-9(H4) 843:850 MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 24488931 7 46 theme whole-cell 708:717 arg1 galactose 731:739 galactose 731:739 galactose 731:739 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24488931 7 46 theme whole-cell 708:717 arg1 sugars 719:724 the whole-cell sugars 704:724 the whole-cell sugars 704:724 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24488931 3 47 dep % 286:286 arg1 w/v 289:291 w/v 289:291 w/v 289:291 The strain grew optimally at 45-60 °C, at pH 7.0 and with 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl. 24488931 5 48 with abundant 403:410 arg1 tunica 499:504 tunica 499:504 tunica 499:504 Aerial mycelium was abundant, whitish and differentiated into long chains of spores, with a membranous structure or tunica partially covering the surface of aerial hyphae. 24488931 5 48 with abundant 403:410 arg1 structure 486:494 membranous structure 475:494 membranous structure 475:494 Aerial mycelium was abundant, whitish and differentiated into long chains of spores, with a membranous structure or tunica partially covering the surface of aerial hyphae. 24488931 13 49 theme new 1501:1503 arg1 genus 1505:1509 a new genus 1499:1509 a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1499:1542 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 10 50 theme unknown 1116:1122 arg1 phospholipids 1147:1159 unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids 1116:1159 unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids 1116:1159 The polar phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid and unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids. 24488931 13 51 theme Thermotunica 1564:1575 arg1 nov. 1595:1598 the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 1555:1598 the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 1555:1598 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 15 52 theme type 1627:1630 arg1 strain 1632:1637 The type strain 1623:1637 The type strain of the type species 1623:1657 The type strain of the type species is AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T). 24488931 15 52 theme type 1627:1630 arg1 AG2-7T 1662:1667 AG2-7T 1662:1667 AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T) 1662:1699 The type strain of the type species is AG2-7T (=ATCC BAA-2499T=CGMCC 4.7099T). 24488931 0 53 dep sp 37:38 arg1 nov. 31:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 0:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 0:34 Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 5 54 theme membranous 475:484 arg1 structure 486:494 membranous structure 475:494 membranous structure 475:494 Aerial mycelium was abundant, whitish and differentiated into long chains of spores, with a membranous structure or tunica partially covering the surface of aerial hyphae. 24488931 13 55 theme phenotypic 1421:1430 arg1 data 1449:1452 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 1417:1452 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 1417:1452 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 13 56 theme guangxiensis 1577:1588 arg1 nov. 1595:1598 the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 1555:1598 the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 1555:1598 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 10 57 theme ninhydrin-positive 938:955 arg1 glycophospholipid 957:973 ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipid 938:973 ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipid 938:973 The polar phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid and unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids. 24488931 10 58 theme polar 889:893 arg1 phospholipids 895:907 The polar phospholipids 885:907 The polar phospholipids 885:907 The polar phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid and unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids. 24488931 10 58 theme polar 889:893 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 914:935 diphosphatidylglycerol 914:935 diphosphatidylglycerol 914:935 The polar phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid and unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids. 24488931 8 59 theme Major 753:757 arg1 acids 765:769 Major fatty acids 753:769 Major fatty acids 753:769 Major fatty acids were iso-C16:0 (27.51%), iso-C17:0 (10.47%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.01%). 24488931 13 60 theme gen. 1590:1593 arg1 nov. 1595:1598 the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 1555:1598 the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 1555:1598 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 4 61 theme pale 348:351 arg1 yellow 353:358 pale yellow 348:358 pale yellow 348:358 Vegetative mycelia were branched and whitish to pale yellow without fragmentation. 24488931 12 62 theme rRNA 1216:1219 arg1 analysis 1235:1242 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1212:1242 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1212:1242 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 5 63 theme Aerial 383:388 arg1 mycelium 390:397 Aerial mycelium 383:397 Aerial mycelium 383:397 Aerial mycelium was abundant, whitish and differentiated into long chains of spores, with a membranous structure or tunica partially covering the surface of aerial hyphae. 24488931 13 64 theme name 1559:1562 arg1 nov. 1595:1598 the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 1555:1598 the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov. 1555:1598 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 7 65 contain contained 633:641 arg1 Strain 619:624 Strain AG-27T 619:631 Strain AG-27T 619:631 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24488931 7 65 contain contained 633:641 arg2 acid 694:697 the diagnostic diamino acid 671:697 the diagnostic diamino acid 671:697 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24488931 7 65 contain contained 633:641 arg2 acid 663:666 meso-diaminopimelic acid 643:666 meso-diaminopimelic acid 643:666 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24488931 13 66 theme novel 1482:1486 arg1 species 1488:1494 a novel species 1480:1494 a novel species 1480:1494 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 12 67 theme 16S 1212:1214 arg1 rRNA 1216:1219 16S rRNA 1212:1219 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1212:1242 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 3 68 theme 0-3.0 281:285 arg1 % 286:286 % 286:286 % 286:286 The strain grew optimally at 45-60 °C, at pH 7.0 and with 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl. 24488931 13 69 theme phylogenetic 1436:1447 arg1 data 1449:1452 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 1417:1452 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 1417:1452 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 5 70 theme spores 460:465 arg1 chains 450:455 long chains 445:455 long chains of spores 445:465 Aerial mycelium was abundant, whitish and differentiated into long chains of spores, with a membranous structure or tunica partially covering the surface of aerial hyphae. 24488931 12 71 dep divergence 1363:1372 arg1 % 1361:1361 % 1361:1361 % 1361:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 8 72 theme fatty 759:763 arg1 acids 765:769 Major fatty acids 753:769 Major fatty acids 753:769 Major fatty acids were iso-C16:0 (27.51%), iso-C17:0 (10.47%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.01%). 24488931 7 73 theme diagnostic 675:684 arg1 acid 694:697 the diagnostic diamino acid 671:697 the diagnostic diamino acid 671:697 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24488931 7 73 theme diagnostic 675:684 arg1 acid 663:666 meso-diaminopimelic acid 643:666 meso-diaminopimelic acid 643:666 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24488931 3 74 theme % 286:286 arg1 NaCl 294:297 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl 281:297 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl 281:297 The strain grew optimally at 45-60 °C, at pH 7.0 and with 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl. 24488931 10 75 theme phosphatidylinositol 998:1017 arg1 mannoside 1019:1027 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 998:1027 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 998:1027 The polar phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid and unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids. 24488931 12 76 theme family 1285:1290 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 1292:1309 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1281:1309 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1281:1309 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 12 76 theme family 1285:1290 arg1 Pseudonocardineae 1321:1337 suborder Pseudonocardineae 1312:1337 suborder Pseudonocardineae 1312:1337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed more than 5% divergence from other members of the family. 24488931 13 77 theme family 1518:1523 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 1525:1542 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1514:1542 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1514:1542 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AG2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Thermotunica guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. 24488931 7 78 theme diamino 686:692 arg1 acid 694:697 the diagnostic diamino acid 671:697 the diagnostic diamino acid 671:697 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24488931 7 78 theme diamino 686:692 arg1 acid 663:666 meso-diaminopimelic acid 643:666 meso-diaminopimelic acid 643:666 Strain AG-27T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and ribose. 24270321 3 0 dep tract 408:412 arg1 microbiota 414:423 microbiota 414:423 the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota 381:423 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 5 1 theme plant 774:778 arg1 galactooligosaccharides 780:802 various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides 757:802 galactooligosaccharides 780:802 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 7 2 from milk 1126:1129 arg1 linkage 1107:1113 the β1-3-galactosidic linkage 1085:1113 the β1-3-galactosidic linkage from human milk and other β1-3- 1085:1145 Bga42A thus prefers the β1-3-galactosidic linkage from human milk and other β1-3- and β1-6-galactosides with glucose or Gal situated at subsite +1. 24270321 11 3 theme novel 1801:1805 arg1 insight 1807:1813 novel insight 1801:1813 novel insight into GH42 subspecificities 1801:1840 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes correlate to unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities. 24270321 4 4 theme enzymes 571:577 arg1 specificity 540:550 the specificity 536:550 the specificity of individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization 536:679 However, insight into the specificity of individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization is lagging. 24270321 5 5 theme synthetic 725:733 arg1 substrates 735:744 natural and synthetic substrates 713:744 natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides 713:802 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 10 6 theme enzyme 1493:1498 arg1 kinetics 1500:1507 enzyme kinetics 1493:1507 enzyme kinetics 1493:1507 Based on enzyme kinetics, gene organization and phylogenetic analyses, Bga42C is proposed to act in the metabolism of arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides. 24270321 7 7 theme situated 1189:1196 arg1 glucose 1174:1180 glucose 1174:1180 glucose 1174:1180 Bga42A thus prefers the β1-3-galactosidic linkage from human milk and other β1-3- and β1-6-galactosides with glucose or Gal situated at subsite +1. 24270321 3 8 theme human 385:389 arg1 tract 408:412 the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota 381:423 the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota 381:423 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 4 9 theme GH42 566:569 arg1 enzymes 571:577 individual GH42 enzymes 555:577 individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization 555:679 However, insight into the specificity of individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization is lagging. 24270321 5 10 theme substrates 735:744 arg1 analysis 701:708 Kinetic analysis 693:708 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides 693:802 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 11 11 theme enzymes 1694:1700 arg1 signatures 1665:1674 The distinct kinetic signatures 1644:1674 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes 1644:1700 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes correlate to unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities. 24270321 6 12 theme specificity 1039:1049 arg1 determinants 1051:1062 key specificity determinants 1035:1062 key specificity determinants 1035:1062 infantis ATCC 15697 and revealed the glycosyl residue at subsite +1 and its linkage to the terminal Gal at subsite -1 to be key specificity determinants. 24270321 3 13 theme gastrointestinal 391:406 arg1 tract 408:412 the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota 381:423 the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota 381:423 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 5 14 dep B. 894:895 arg1 longum 897:902 longum 897:902 longum 897:902 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 6 15 theme terminal 1002:1009 arg1 Gal 1011:1013 the terminal Gal 998:1013 the terminal Gal 998:1013 infantis ATCC 15697 and revealed the glycosyl residue at subsite +1 and its linkage to the terminal Gal at subsite -1 to be key specificity determinants. 24270321 2 16 theme β-d-galactosides 289:304 arg1 end 272:274 the non-reducing end 255:274 the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides 255:304 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) includes β-galactosidases catalyzing the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides. 24270321 6 17 theme key 1035:1037 arg1 determinants 1051:1062 key specificity determinants 1035:1062 key specificity determinants 1035:1062 infantis ATCC 15697 and revealed the glycosyl residue at subsite +1 and its linkage to the terminal Gal at subsite -1 to be key specificity determinants. 24270321 5 18 theme Kinetic 693:699 arg1 analysis 701:708 Kinetic analysis 693:708 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides 693:802 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 11 19 theme specific 1747:1754 arg1 clades 1756:1761 specific clades 1747:1761 specific clades 1747:1761 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes correlate to unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities. 24270321 2 20 theme different 279:287 arg1 β-d-galactosides 289:304 different β-d-galactosides 279:304 different β-d-galactosides 279:304 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) includes β-galactosidases catalyzing the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides. 24270321 12 21 theme β-galactoside 1997:2009 arg1 metabolism 2011:2020 β-galactoside metabolism 1997:2020 β-galactoside metabolism 1997:2020 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 6 22 from subsite 968:974 arg1 residue 957:963 the glycosyl residue 944:963 the glycosyl residue at subsite +1 944:977 infantis ATCC 15697 and revealed the glycosyl residue at subsite +1 and its linkage to the terminal Gal at subsite -1 to be key specificity determinants. 24270321 6 22 from subsite 968:974 arg1 linkage 987:993 its linkage 983:993 its linkage to the terminal Gal 983:1013 infantis ATCC 15697 and revealed the glycosyl residue at subsite +1 and its linkage to the terminal Gal at subsite -1 to be key specificity determinants. 24270321 9 23 theme Bga42C 1400:1405 arg1 specificity 1385:1395 The specificity 1381:1395 The specificity of Bga42C 1381:1405 The specificity of Bga42C resembles that of Bga42B, but the activity was one order of magnitude lower. 24270321 10 24 theme phylogenetic 1532:1543 arg1 analyses 1545:1552 phylogenetic analyses 1532:1552 phylogenetic analyses 1532:1552 Based on enzyme kinetics, gene organization and phylogenetic analyses, Bga42C is proposed to act in the metabolism of arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides. 24270321 11 25 theme distinct 1648:1655 arg1 signatures 1665:1674 The distinct kinetic signatures 1644:1674 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes 1644:1700 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes correlate to unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities. 24270321 5 26 theme B. 894:895 arg1 subsp 904:908 the probiotic B. longum subsp 880:908 the probiotic B. longum subsp 880:908 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 7 27 from β1-3- 1141:1145 arg1 linkage 1107:1113 the β1-3-galactosidic linkage 1085:1113 the β1-3-galactosidic linkage from human milk and other β1-3- 1085:1145 Bga42A thus prefers the β1-3-galactosidic linkage from human milk and other β1-3- and β1-6-galactosides with glucose or Gal situated at subsite +1. 24270321 3 28 theme prebiotic 495:503 arg1 effects 505:511 prebiotic effects 495:511 prebiotic effects 495:511 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 0 29 theme substrate 9:17 arg1 specificities 19:31 Distinct substrate specificities 0:31 Distinct substrate specificities of three glycoside hydrolase family 42 0:70 Distinct substrate specificities of three glycoside hydrolase family 42 β-galactosidases from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 24270321 2 30 theme hydrolase 155:163 arg1 family 165:170 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 145:173 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) 145:180 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) includes β-galactosidases catalyzing the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides. 24270321 2 30 theme hydrolase 155:163 arg1 GH42 176:179 GH42 176:179 GH42 176:179 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) includes β-galactosidases catalyzing the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides. 24270321 10 31 theme gene 1510:1513 arg1 organization 1515:1526 gene organization 1510:1526 gene organization 1510:1526 Based on enzyme kinetics, gene organization and phylogenetic analyses, Bga42C is proposed to act in the metabolism of arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides. 24270321 10 32 theme oligosaccharides 1626:1641 arg1 metabolism 1588:1597 the metabolism 1584:1597 the metabolism of arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides 1584:1641 Based on enzyme kinetics, gene organization and phylogenetic analyses, Bga42C is proposed to act in the metabolism of arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides. 24270321 7 33 theme human 1120:1124 arg1 milk 1126:1129 human milk 1120:1129 human milk 1120:1129 Bga42A thus prefers the β1-3-galactosidic linkage from human milk and other β1-3- and β1-6-galactosides with glucose or Gal situated at subsite +1. 24270321 0 34 theme Distinct 0:7 arg1 specificities 19:31 Distinct substrate specificities 0:31 Distinct substrate specificities of three glycoside hydrolase family 42 0:70 Distinct substrate specificities of three glycoside hydrolase family 42 β-galactosidases from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 24270321 5 35 theme natural 713:719 arg1 substrates 735:744 natural and synthetic substrates 713:744 natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides 713:802 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 11 36 theme kinetic 1657:1663 arg1 signatures 1665:1674 The distinct kinetic signatures 1644:1674 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes 1644:1700 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes correlate to unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities. 24270321 11 37 theme unique 1715:1720 arg1 motifs 1731:1736 unique sequence motifs 1715:1736 unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities 1715:1840 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes correlate to unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities. 24270321 3 38 theme β-galactosides 471:484 arg1 utilization 456:466 utilization 456:466 utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects 456:511 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 3 39 theme tract 408:412 arg1 members 370:376 important members 360:376 important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota 360:423 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 3 39 theme tract 408:412 arg1 bifidobacteria 334:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria 307:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria 307:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 4 40 theme monosaccharide 605:618 arg1 composition 620:630 substrate monosaccharide composition 595:630 substrate monosaccharide composition 595:630 However, insight into the specificity of individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization is lagging. 24270321 7 41 theme other 1135:1139 arg1 β1-3- 1141:1145 other β1-3- 1135:1145 other β1-3- 1135:1145 Bga42A thus prefers the β1-3-galactosidic linkage from human milk and other β1-3- and β1-6-galactosides with glucose or Gal situated at subsite +1. 24270321 12 42 theme probiotic 2025:2033 arg1 bifidobacteria 2035:2048 probiotic bifidobacteria 2025:2048 probiotic bifidobacteria 2025:2048 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 4 43 theme glycosidic 633:642 arg1 linkage 644:650 glycosidic linkage 633:650 glycosidic linkage 633:650 However, insight into the specificity of individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization is lagging. 24270321 6 44 theme glycosyl 948:955 arg1 residue 957:963 the glycosyl residue 944:963 the glycosyl residue at subsite +1 944:977 infantis ATCC 15697 and revealed the glycosyl residue at subsite +1 and its linkage to the terminal Gal at subsite -1 to be key specificity determinants. 24270321 2 45 from end 272:274 arg1 release 223:229 the release 219:229 the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides 219:304 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) includes β-galactosidases catalyzing the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides. 24270321 12 46 from diversity 1984:1992 arg1 bifidobacteria 2035:2048 probiotic bifidobacteria 2025:2048 probiotic bifidobacteria 2025:2048 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 0 47 theme glycoside 42:50 arg1 family 62:67 three glycoside hydrolase family 42 36:70 three glycoside hydrolase family 42 36:70 Distinct substrate specificities of three glycoside hydrolase family 42 β-galactosidases from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 24270321 12 48 from importance 1969:1978 arg1 bifidobacteria 2035:2048 probiotic bifidobacteria 2025:2048 probiotic bifidobacteria 2025:2048 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 7 49 from subsite 1201:1207 arg1 situated 1189:1196 situated 1189:1196 situated 1189:1196 Bga42A thus prefers the β1-3-galactosidic linkage from human milk and other β1-3- and β1-6-galactosides with glucose or Gal situated at subsite +1. 24270321 12 50 theme metabolism 2011:2020 arg1 diversity 1984:1992 diversity 1984:1992 diversity 1984:1992 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 12 50 theme metabolism 2011:2020 arg1 importance 1969:1978 importance 1969:1978 importance 1969:1978 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 11 51 theme sequence 1722:1729 arg1 motifs 1731:1736 unique sequence motifs 1715:1736 unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities 1715:1840 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes correlate to unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities. 24270321 12 52 theme β-galactoside-rich 1922:1939 arg1 niche 1945:1949 the β-galactoside-rich gut niche 1918:1949 the β-galactoside-rich gut niche 1918:1949 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 12 53 dep importance 1969:1978 arg1 the 1965:1967 the 1965:1967 the 1965:1967 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 0 54 theme family 62:67 arg1 specificities 19:31 Distinct substrate specificities 0:31 Distinct substrate specificities of three glycoside hydrolase family 42 0:70 Distinct substrate specificities of three glycoside hydrolase family 42 β-galactosidases from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 24270321 5 55 theme GH42 828:831 arg1 Bga42B 850:855 Bga42B 850:855 Bga42B 850:855 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 5 55 theme GH42 828:831 arg1 Bga42A 842:847 Bga42A 842:847 Bga42A 842:847 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 5 55 theme GH42 828:831 arg1 members 833:839 the three GH42 members 818:839 the three GH42 members 818:839 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 5 55 theme GH42 828:831 arg1 Bga42C 861:866 Bga42C 861:866 Bga42C 861:866 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 5 56 theme various 757:763 arg1 milk 765:768 various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides 757:802 milk 765:768 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 11 57 theme phylogenetic 1773:1784 arg1 tree 1786:1789 a GH42 phylogenetic tree 1766:1789 a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities 1766:1840 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes correlate to unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities. 24270321 7 58 theme β1-3-galactosidic 1089:1105 arg1 linkage 1107:1113 the β1-3-galactosidic linkage 1085:1113 the β1-3-galactosidic linkage from human milk and other β1-3- 1085:1145 Bga42A thus prefers the β1-3-galactosidic linkage from human milk and other β1-3- and β1-6-galactosides with glucose or Gal situated at subsite +1. 24270321 0 59 theme hydrolase 52:60 arg1 family 62:67 three glycoside hydrolase family 42 36:70 three glycoside hydrolase family 42 36:70 Distinct substrate specificities of three glycoside hydrolase family 42 β-galactosidases from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 24270321 4 60 theme substrate 595:603 arg1 composition 620:630 substrate monosaccharide composition 595:630 substrate monosaccharide composition 595:630 However, insight into the specificity of individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization is lagging. 24270321 4 61 theme individual 555:564 arg1 enzymes 571:577 individual GH42 enzymes 555:577 individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization 555:679 However, insight into the specificity of individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization is lagging. 24270321 2 62 theme galactose 234:242 arg1 release 223:229 the release 219:229 the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides 219:304 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) includes β-galactosidases catalyzing the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides. 24270321 12 63 theme gut 1941:1943 arg1 niche 1945:1949 the β-galactoside-rich gut niche 1918:1949 the β-galactoside-rich gut niche 1918:1949 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 11 64 theme GH42 1768:1771 arg1 tree 1786:1789 a GH42 phylogenetic tree 1766:1789 a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities 1766:1840 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes correlate to unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities. 24270321 3 65 theme Health-promoting 307:322 arg1 members 370:376 important members 360:376 important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota 360:423 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 3 65 theme Health-promoting 307:322 arg1 bifidobacteria 334:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria 307:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria 307:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 6 66 theme ATCC 920:923 arg1 15697 925:929 infantis ATCC 15697 911:929 infantis ATCC 15697 911:929 infantis ATCC 15697 and revealed the glycosyl residue at subsite +1 and its linkage to the terminal Gal at subsite -1 to be key specificity determinants. 24270321 10 67 link arabinogalactan-derived 1602:1624 arg1 oligosaccharides 1626:1641 arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides 1602:1641 arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides 1602:1641 Based on enzyme kinetics, gene organization and phylogenetic analyses, Bga42C is proposed to act in the metabolism of arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides. 24270321 12 68 theme bifidobacteria 1900:1913 arg1 adaptation 1886:1895 the metabolic adaptation 1872:1895 the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche 1872:1949 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 3 69 theme probiotic 324:332 arg1 members 370:376 important members 360:376 important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota 360:423 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 3 69 theme probiotic 324:332 arg1 bifidobacteria 334:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria 307:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria 307:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 6 70 theme infantis 911:918 arg1 15697 925:929 infantis ATCC 15697 911:929 infantis ATCC 15697 911:929 infantis ATCC 15697 and revealed the glycosyl residue at subsite +1 and its linkage to the terminal Gal at subsite -1 to be key specificity determinants. 24270321 2 71 theme non-reducing 259:270 arg1 end 272:274 the non-reducing end 255:274 the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides 255:304 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) includes β-galactosidases catalyzing the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides. 24270321 4 72 theme polymerization 666:679 arg1 degree 656:661 degree 656:661 degree 656:661 However, insight into the specificity of individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization is lagging. 24270321 4 72 theme polymerization 666:679 arg1 composition 620:630 substrate monosaccharide composition 595:630 substrate monosaccharide composition 595:630 However, insight into the specificity of individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization is lagging. 24270321 4 72 theme polymerization 666:679 arg1 linkage 644:650 glycosidic linkage 633:650 glycosidic linkage 633:650 However, insight into the specificity of individual GH42 enzymes with respect to substrate monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and degree of polymerization is lagging. 24270321 3 73 theme important 360:368 arg1 members 370:376 important members 360:376 important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota 360:423 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 3 73 theme important 360:368 arg1 bifidobacteria 334:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria 307:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria 307:347 Health-promoting probiotic bifidobacteria, which are important members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota, produce GH42 enzymes enabling utilization of β-galactosides exerting prebiotic effects. 24270321 12 74 theme metabolic 1876:1884 arg1 adaptation 1886:1895 the metabolic adaptation 1872:1895 the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche 1872:1949 Overall, the data illustrate the metabolic adaptation of bifidobacteria to the β-galactoside-rich gut niche and emphasize the importance and diversity of β-galactoside metabolism in probiotic bifidobacteria. 24270321 10 75 theme arabinogalactan-derived 1602:1624 arg1 oligosaccharides 1626:1641 arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides 1602:1641 arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides 1602:1641 Based on enzyme kinetics, gene organization and phylogenetic analyses, Bga42C is proposed to act in the metabolism of arabinogalactan-derived oligosaccharides. 24270321 2 76 theme Glycoside 145:153 arg1 family 165:170 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 145:173 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) 145:180 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) includes β-galactosidases catalyzing the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides. 24270321 2 76 theme Glycoside 145:153 arg1 GH42 176:179 GH42 176:179 GH42 176:179 Glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) includes β-galactosidases catalyzing the release of galactose (Gal) from the non-reducing end of different β-d-galactosides. 24270321 9 77 theme magnitude 1467:1475 arg1 order 1458:1462 one order 1454:1462 one order of magnitude 1454:1475 The specificity of Bga42C resembles that of Bga42B, but the activity was one order of magnitude lower. 24270321 11 78 theme GH42 1689:1692 arg1 enzymes 1694:1700 the three GH42 enzymes 1679:1700 the three GH42 enzymes 1679:1700 The distinct kinetic signatures of the three GH42 enzymes correlate to unique sequence motifs denoting specific clades in a GH42 phylogenetic tree providing novel insight into GH42 subspecificities. 24270321 5 79 theme probiotic 884:892 arg1 subsp 904:908 the probiotic B. longum subsp 880:908 the probiotic B. longum subsp 880:908 Kinetic analysis of natural and synthetic substrates resembling various milk and plant galactooligosaccharides distinguishes the three GH42 members, Bga42A, Bga42B and Bga42C, encoded by the probiotic B. longum subsp. 24270321 0 80 theme longum 110:115 arg1 subsp 117:121 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 94:121 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 94:121 Distinct substrate specificities of three glycoside hydrolase family 42 β-galactosidases from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29101803 4 0 theme electron 935:942 arg1 microscopy 944:953 scanning electron microscopy 926:953 scanning electron microscopy 926:953 Postoperatively at 12 weeks, osteogenesis effect and the degradation and absorption of SF/CS/nHA were evaluated by X-ray, hematoxylin eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. 29101803 1 1 theme long 324:327 arg1 defects 344:350 long segmental bone defects 324:350 long segmental bone defects in rabbits 324:361 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 2 from efficacy 155:162 arg1 repair 314:319 the repair 310:319 the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits 310:361 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 7 3 theme bone 1173:1176 arg1 formation 1178:1186 gradual new bone formation 1161:1186 gradual new bone formation 1161:1186 In vivo, we observed gradual new bone formation and bone defect gradually recovered at 12 weeks in experimental and control group, but more new bone was formed in experimental group (P<0.05). 29101803 3 4 theme induced 679:685 arg1 BMSCs 687:691 induced BMSCs 679:691 induced BMSCs 679:691 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 1 5 theme bone 256:259 arg1 marrow 261:266 bone marrow 256:266 bone marrow 256:266 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 2 6 theme Ca2+ 467:470 arg1 content 472:478 Ca2+ content 467:478 Ca2+ content 467:478 BMSCs were cultured with SF/CS/nHA in vitro, and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and Ca2+ content were examined. 29101803 1 7 theme segmental 329:337 arg1 defects 344:350 long segmental bone defects 324:350 long segmental bone defects in rabbits 324:361 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 8 from repair 314:319 arg1 rabbits 355:361 rabbits 355:361 rabbits 355:361 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 9 link derived 268:274 arg1 BMSCs 300:304 BMSCs 300:304 BMSCs 300:304 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 9 link derived 268:274 arg1 cells 293:297 derived mesenchymal stem cells 268:297 derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 268:305 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 9 10 theme SF/CS/nHA 1428:1436 arg1 scaffolds 1438:1446 SF/CS/nHA scaffolds 1428:1446 SF/CS/nHA scaffolds loaded with BMSCs 1428:1464 In conclusion, SF/CS/nHA scaffolds loaded with BMSCs achieve high efficacy to repair segmental defect in the radius. 29101803 1 11 theme marrow 261:266 arg1 scaffolds 185:193 three-dimensional scaffolds 167:193 three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 167:305 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 0 12 theme bone 89:92 arg1 defects 94:100 radial bone defects 82:100 radial bone defects 82:100 Composite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells promote the repair of radial bone defects in rabbit model. 29101803 1 13 theme bone 339:342 arg1 defects 344:350 long segmental bone defects 324:350 long segmental bone defects in rabbits 324:361 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 14 theme derived 268:274 arg1 BMSCs 300:304 BMSCs 300:304 BMSCs 300:304 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 14 theme derived 268:274 arg1 cells 293:297 derived mesenchymal stem cells 268:297 derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 268:305 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 0 15 theme radial 82:87 arg1 defects 94:100 radial bone defects 82:100 radial bone defects 82:100 Composite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells promote the repair of radial bone defects in rabbit model. 29101803 1 16 theme defects 344:350 arg1 repair 314:319 the repair 310:319 the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits 310:361 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 17 theme mesenchymal 276:286 arg1 BMSCs 300:304 BMSCs 300:304 BMSCs 300:304 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 17 theme mesenchymal 276:286 arg1 cells 293:297 derived mesenchymal stem cells 268:297 derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 268:305 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 3 18 theme BMSCs 687:691 arg1 scaffold 667:674 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 657:674 SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs 657:691 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 7 19 theme experimental 1303:1314 arg1 P<0.05 1323:1328 P<0.05 1323:1328 P<0.05 1323:1328 In vivo, we observed gradual new bone formation and bone defect gradually recovered at 12 weeks in experimental and control group, but more new bone was formed in experimental group (P<0.05). 29101803 7 19 theme experimental 1303:1314 arg1 group 1316:1320 experimental group 1303:1320 experimental group (P<0.05) 1303:1329 In vivo, we observed gradual new bone formation and bone defect gradually recovered at 12 weeks in experimental and control group, but more new bone was formed in experimental group (P<0.05). 29101803 3 20 with group 646:650 arg1 scaffold 723:730 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 713:730 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 713:730 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 3 20 with group 646:650 arg1 scaffold 667:674 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 657:674 SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs 657:691 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 0 21 theme defects 94:100 arg1 repair 72:77 the repair 68:77 the repair of radial bone defects in rabbit model 68:116 Composite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells promote the repair of radial bone defects in rabbit model. 29101803 4 22 dep degradation 829:839 arg1 the 825:827 the 825:827 the 825:827 Postoperatively at 12 weeks, osteogenesis effect and the degradation and absorption of SF/CS/nHA were evaluated by X-ray, hematoxylin eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. 29101803 8 23 located observed 1375:1382 arg2 formation 1361:1369 limited bone formation 1348:1369 limited bone formation 1348:1369 In blank group, limited bone formation was observed and bone defect was obvious. 29101803 8 23 located observed 1375:1382 arg1 group 1341:1345 blank group 1335:1345 blank group 1335:1345 In blank group, limited bone formation was observed and bone defect was obvious. 29101803 1 24 from rabbits 355:361 arg1 repair 314:319 the repair 310:319 the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits 310:361 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 4 25 theme scanning 926:933 arg1 microscopy 944:953 scanning electron microscopy 926:953 scanning electron microscopy 926:953 Postoperatively at 12 weeks, osteogenesis effect and the degradation and absorption of SF/CS/nHA were evaluated by X-ray, hematoxylin eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. 29101803 4 26 theme osteogenesis 801:812 arg1 effect 814:819 osteogenesis effect 801:819 osteogenesis effect 801:819 Postoperatively at 12 weeks, osteogenesis effect and the degradation and absorption of SF/CS/nHA were evaluated by X-ray, hematoxylin eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. 29101803 0 27 theme Composite 0:8 arg1 scaffolds 10:18 Composite scaffolds 0:18 Composite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells 0:58 Composite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells promote the repair of radial bone defects in rabbit model. 29101803 1 28 theme stem 288:291 arg1 BMSCs 300:304 BMSCs 300:304 BMSCs 300:304 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 28 theme stem 288:291 arg1 cells 293:297 derived mesenchymal stem cells 268:297 derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 268:305 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 3 29 with group 702:706 arg1 scaffold 723:730 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 713:730 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 713:730 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 3 29 with group 702:706 arg1 scaffold 667:674 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 657:674 SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs 657:691 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 5 30 theme good 996:999 arg1 biocompatibility 1001:1016 good biocompatibility 996:1016 good biocompatibility 996:1016 In vitro, SF/CS/nHA scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and no toxicity. 29101803 9 31 from defect 1508:1513 arg1 radius 1522:1527 the radius 1518:1527 the radius 1518:1527 In conclusion, SF/CS/nHA scaffolds loaded with BMSCs achieve high efficacy to repair segmental defect in the radius. 29101803 1 32 theme three-dimensional 167:183 arg1 scaffolds 185:193 three-dimensional scaffolds 167:193 three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 167:305 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 33 from defects 344:350 arg1 rabbits 355:361 rabbits 355:361 rabbits 355:361 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 4 34 theme eosin 906:910 arg1 staining 912:919 hematoxylin eosin staining 894:919 hematoxylin eosin staining 894:919 Postoperatively at 12 weeks, osteogenesis effect and the degradation and absorption of SF/CS/nHA were evaluated by X-ray, hematoxylin eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. 29101803 6 35 theme BMSCs 1104:1108 arg1 growth 1064:1069 growth 1064:1069 growth 1064:1069 SF/CS/nHA promoted adhesion, growth, and calcium nodule formation of BMSCs compared to control (P<0.05). 29101803 6 35 theme BMSCs 1104:1108 arg1 adhesion 1054:1061 adhesion 1054:1061 adhesion 1054:1061 SF/CS/nHA promoted adhesion, growth, and calcium nodule formation of BMSCs compared to control (P<0.05). 29101803 6 35 theme BMSCs 1104:1108 arg1 formation 1091:1099 calcium nodule formation 1076:1099 calcium nodule formation of BMSCs 1076:1108 SF/CS/nHA promoted adhesion, growth, and calcium nodule formation of BMSCs compared to control (P<0.05). 29101803 9 36 theme repair 1491:1496 arg1 defect 1508:1513 repair segmental defect 1491:1513 repair segmental defect in the radius 1491:1527 In conclusion, SF/CS/nHA scaffolds loaded with BMSCs achieve high efficacy to repair segmental defect in the radius. 29101803 1 37 theme scaffolds 185:193 arg1 efficacy 155:162 the efficacy 151:162 the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits 151:361 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 9 38 theme high 1474:1477 arg1 efficacy 1479:1486 high efficacy 1474:1486 high efficacy 1474:1486 In conclusion, SF/CS/nHA scaffolds loaded with BMSCs achieve high efficacy to repair segmental defect in the radius. 29101803 0 39 theme rabbit 105:110 arg1 model 112:116 rabbit model 105:116 rabbit model 105:116 Composite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells promote the repair of radial bone defects in rabbit model. 29101803 8 40 theme limited 1348:1354 arg1 formation 1361:1369 limited bone formation 1348:1369 limited bone formation 1348:1369 In blank group, limited bone formation was observed and bone defect was obvious. 29101803 0 41 theme mesenchymal 37:47 arg1 cells 54:58 bone mesenchymal stem cells 32:58 bone mesenchymal stem cells 32:58 Composite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells promote the repair of radial bone defects in rabbit model. 29101803 3 42 theme control 694:700 arg1 group 702:706 control group 694:706 control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold 694:730 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 0 43 from repair 72:77 arg1 model 112:116 rabbit model 105:116 rabbit model 105:116 Composite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells promote the repair of radial bone defects in rabbit model. 29101803 3 44 theme White 565:569 arg1 rabbits 571:577 12 New Zealand White rabbits 550:577 12 New Zealand White rabbits 550:577 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 7 45 theme control 1256:1262 arg1 group 1264:1268 control group 1256:1268 control group 1256:1268 In vivo, we observed gradual new bone formation and bone defect gradually recovered at 12 weeks in experimental and control group, but more new bone was formed in experimental group (P<0.05). 29101803 1 46 theme silk 198:201 arg1 SF/CS/nHA 241:249 SF/CS/nHA 241:249 SF/CS/nHA 241:249 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 46 theme silk 198:201 arg1 fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite 203:238 silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite 198:238 silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) 198:250 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 0 47 theme bone 32:35 arg1 cells 54:58 bone mesenchymal stem cells 32:58 bone mesenchymal stem cells 32:58 Composite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells promote the repair of radial bone defects in rabbit model. 29101803 2 48 theme cell 413:416 arg1 proliferation 418:430 cell proliferation 413:430 cell proliferation 413:430 BMSCs were cultured with SF/CS/nHA in vitro, and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and Ca2+ content were examined. 29101803 1 49 theme fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite 203:238 arg1 scaffolds 185:193 three-dimensional scaffolds 167:193 three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 167:305 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 2 50 theme phosphatase 442:452 arg1 activity 454:461 alkaline phosphatase activity 433:461 alkaline phosphatase activity 433:461 BMSCs were cultured with SF/CS/nHA in vitro, and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and Ca2+ content were examined. 29101803 4 51 theme hematoxylin 894:904 arg1 staining 912:919 hematoxylin eosin staining 894:919 hematoxylin eosin staining 894:919 Postoperatively at 12 weeks, osteogenesis effect and the degradation and absorption of SF/CS/nHA were evaluated by X-ray, hematoxylin eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. 29101803 9 52 theme segmental 1498:1506 arg1 defect 1508:1513 repair segmental defect 1491:1513 repair segmental defect in the radius 1491:1527 In conclusion, SF/CS/nHA scaffolds loaded with BMSCs achieve high efficacy to repair segmental defect in the radius. 29101803 8 53 theme bone 1356:1359 arg1 formation 1361:1369 limited bone formation 1348:1369 limited bone formation 1348:1369 In blank group, limited bone formation was observed and bone defect was obvious. 29101803 3 54 theme New 553:555 arg1 rabbits 571:577 12 New Zealand White rabbits 550:577 12 New Zealand White rabbits 550:577 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 4 55 theme SF/CS/nHA 859:867 arg1 absorption 845:854 absorption 845:854 absorption 845:854 Postoperatively at 12 weeks, osteogenesis effect and the degradation and absorption of SF/CS/nHA were evaluated by X-ray, hematoxylin eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. 29101803 4 55 theme SF/CS/nHA 859:867 arg1 effect 814:819 osteogenesis effect 801:819 osteogenesis effect 801:819 Postoperatively at 12 weeks, osteogenesis effect and the degradation and absorption of SF/CS/nHA were evaluated by X-ray, hematoxylin eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. 29101803 4 55 theme SF/CS/nHA 859:867 arg1 degradation 829:839 degradation 829:839 degradation 829:839 Postoperatively at 12 weeks, osteogenesis effect and the degradation and absorption of SF/CS/nHA were evaluated by X-ray, hematoxylin eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. 29101803 0 56 theme stem 49:52 arg1 cells 54:58 bone mesenchymal stem cells 32:58 bone mesenchymal stem cells 32:58 Composite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells promote the repair of radial bone defects in rabbit model. 29101803 3 57 theme SF/CS/nHA 713:721 arg1 scaffold 723:730 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 713:730 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 713:730 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 2 58 theme alkaline 433:440 arg1 activity 454:461 alkaline phosphatase activity 433:461 alkaline phosphatase activity 433:461 BMSCs were cultured with SF/CS/nHA in vitro, and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and Ca2+ content were examined. 29101803 3 59 theme Zealand 557:563 arg1 rabbits 571:577 12 New Zealand White rabbits 550:577 12 New Zealand White rabbits 550:577 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 6 60 theme nodule 1084:1089 arg1 formation 1091:1099 calcium nodule formation 1076:1099 calcium nodule formation of BMSCs 1076:1108 SF/CS/nHA promoted adhesion, growth, and calcium nodule formation of BMSCs compared to control (P<0.05). 29101803 8 61 theme blank 1335:1339 arg1 group 1341:1345 blank group 1335:1345 blank group 1335:1345 In blank group, limited bone formation was observed and bone defect was obvious. 29101803 3 62 theme experimental 633:644 arg1 group 646:650 experimental group 633:650 experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs 633:691 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 7 63 theme new 1280:1282 arg1 bone 1284:1287 more new bone 1275:1287 more new bone 1275:1287 In vivo, we observed gradual new bone formation and bone defect gradually recovered at 12 weeks in experimental and control group, but more new bone was formed in experimental group (P<0.05). 29101803 5 64 theme SF/CS/nHA 966:974 arg1 scaffolds 976:984 SF/CS/nHA scaffolds 966:984 SF/CS/nHA scaffolds 966:984 In vitro, SF/CS/nHA scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and no toxicity. 29101803 6 65 theme calcium 1076:1082 arg1 formation 1091:1099 calcium nodule formation 1076:1099 calcium nodule formation of BMSCs 1076:1108 SF/CS/nHA promoted adhesion, growth, and calcium nodule formation of BMSCs compared to control (P<0.05). 29101803 8 66 theme bone 1388:1391 arg1 defect 1393:1398 bone defect 1388:1398 bone defect 1388:1398 In blank group, limited bone formation was observed and bone defect was obvious. 29101803 1 67 dep fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite 203:238 arg1 BMSCs 300:304 BMSCs 300:304 BMSCs 300:304 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 1 67 dep fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite 203:238 arg1 cells 293:297 derived mesenchymal stem cells 268:297 derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 268:305 This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional scaffolds of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of long segmental bone defects in rabbits. 29101803 7 68 theme bone 1192:1195 arg1 defect 1197:1202 bone defect 1192:1202 bone defect gradually recovered at 12 weeks 1192:1234 In vivo, we observed gradual new bone formation and bone defect gradually recovered at 12 weeks in experimental and control group, but more new bone was formed in experimental group (P<0.05). 29101803 7 69 theme gradual 1161:1167 arg1 formation 1178:1186 gradual new bone formation 1161:1186 gradual new bone formation 1161:1186 In vivo, we observed gradual new bone formation and bone defect gradually recovered at 12 weeks in experimental and control group, but more new bone was formed in experimental group (P<0.05). 29101803 5 70 theme no 1022:1023 arg1 toxicity 1025:1032 no toxicity 1022:1032 no toxicity 1022:1032 In vitro, SF/CS/nHA scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and no toxicity. 29101803 3 71 with group 743:747 arg1 scaffold 723:730 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 713:730 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 713:730 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 3 71 with group 743:747 arg1 scaffold 667:674 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 657:674 SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs 657:691 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 3 72 theme 15mm 497:500 arg1 defect 512:517 A 15mm segmental defect 495:517 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius 495:531 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 3 73 theme blank 737:741 arg1 group 743:747 blank group 737:747 blank group without any materials 737:769 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 7 74 theme new 1169:1171 arg1 formation 1178:1186 gradual new bone formation 1161:1186 gradual new bone formation 1161:1186 In vivo, we observed gradual new bone formation and bone defect gradually recovered at 12 weeks in experimental and control group, but more new bone was formed in experimental group (P<0.05). 29101803 7 75 theme more 1275:1278 arg1 bone 1284:1287 more new bone 1275:1287 more new bone 1275:1287 In vivo, we observed gradual new bone formation and bone defect gradually recovered at 12 weeks in experimental and control group, but more new bone was formed in experimental group (P<0.05). 29101803 3 76 theme SF/CS/nHA 657:665 arg1 scaffold 667:674 SF/CS/nHA scaffold 657:674 SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs 657:691 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 3 77 theme segmental 502:510 arg1 defect 512:517 A 15mm segmental defect 495:517 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius 495:531 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 29101803 3 78 from defect 512:517 arg1 radius 526:531 the radius 522:531 the radius 522:531 A 15mm segmental defect in the radius was generated in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided randomly into three groups (n=4): experimental group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold of induced BMSCs; control group with SF/CS/nHA scaffold; and blank group without any materials. 24457065 10 0 dep β'-coefficients 1538:1552 arg1 DHA 1568:1570 DHA 1568:1570 β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296 1538:1578 Multiple regression analysis revealed that AA and DHA among serum FAs were mainly associated with the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001). 24457065 10 0 dep β'-coefficients 1538:1552 arg1 -0.296 1573:1578 -0.296 1573:1578 -0.296 1573:1578 Multiple regression analysis revealed that AA and DHA among serum FAs were mainly associated with the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001). 24457065 8 1 theme CAD 1277:1279 arg1 patients 1281:1288 CAD patients 1277:1288 CAD patients 1277:1288 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω-3) was lower and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4ω-6) and ω6/ω3-PUFAs were higher in CAD patients than in controls. 24457065 0 2 theme serum 15:19 arg1 PUFAs 34:38 serum phospholipid PUFAs 15:38 serum phospholipid PUFAs 15:38 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 24457065 1 3 theme cardiovascular 253:266 arg1 effect 279:284 cardiovascular protective effect 253:284 cardiovascular protective effect 253:284 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 14 4 theme proliferation 2010:2022 arg1 suppression 1986:1996 suppression 1986:1996 suppression of vascular proliferation and inflammation 1986:2039 Particularly, DHA may be effective on suppression of vascular proliferation and inflammation. 24457065 1 5 theme dietary 171:177 arg1 acids 201:205 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 171:205 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 171:213 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 1 5 theme dietary 171:177 arg1 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 1 5 theme dietary 171:177 arg1 PUFAs 208:212 PUFAs 208:212 PUFAs 208:212 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 1 6 theme protective 268:277 arg1 effect 279:284 cardiovascular protective effect 253:284 cardiovascular protective effect 253:284 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 4 7 dep n=987 595:599 arg1 n=214 629:633 n=214 629:633 n=214 629:633 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 6 8 theme hs-C-reactive 833:845 arg1 proteins 847:854 hs-C-reactive proteins 833:854 hs-C-reactive proteins 833:854 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 4 9 theme CAD 640:642 arg1 CAD-only 654:661 CAD-only 654:661 CAD-only 654:661 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 4 9 theme CAD 640:642 arg1 patients 644:651 CAD patients 640:651 CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56) 640:685 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 3 10 theme serum 376:380 arg1 PUFAs 395:399 serum phospholipid PUFAs 376:399 serum phospholipid PUFAs 376:399 We aimed to investigate the association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk through cross-sectional/experimental studies. 24457065 12 11 theme NF-κB-p65 1856:1864 arg1 translocation 1839:1851 nuclear translocation 1831:1851 nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in VSMCs 1831:1873 DHA also up-regulated the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK, and dramatically inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in VSMCs. 24457065 5 12 theme Experimental 688:699 arg1 assays 701:706 Experimental assays 688:706 Experimental assays 688:706 Experimental assays were performed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). 24457065 12 13 theme nuclear 1831:1837 arg1 translocation 1839:1851 nuclear translocation 1831:1851 nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in VSMCs 1831:1873 DHA also up-regulated the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK, and dramatically inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in VSMCs. 24457065 7 14 with patients 1124:1131 arg1 MetS 1138:1141 MetS 1138:1141 MetS among the 4 groups 1138:1160 Serum linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6) was lowest and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids (DGLAs, C20:3ω-6) were highest in CAD patients with MetS among the 4 groups. 24457065 6 15 theme healthy 993:999 arg1 controls 1001:1008 healthy controls 993:1008 healthy controls 993:1008 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 4 16 theme risk 543:546 arg1 parameters 548:557 cardiometabolic risk parameters 527:557 cardiometabolic risk parameters 527:557 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 3 17 with association 361:371 arg1 risk 422:425 cardiometabolic risk 406:425 cardiometabolic risk through cross-sectional/experimental studies 406:470 We aimed to investigate the association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk through cross-sectional/experimental studies. 24457065 6 18 dep RESULTS 764:770 arg1 malondialdehyde 861:875 malondialdehyde 861:875 malondialdehyde 861:875 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 6 18 dep RESULTS 764:770 arg1 markers 799:805 Major cardiometabolic risk markers 772:805 Major cardiometabolic risk markers 772:805 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 6 18 dep RESULTS 764:770 arg1 resistance 821:830 insulin resistance 813:830 insulin resistance 813:830 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 6 18 dep RESULTS 764:770 arg1 proteins 847:854 hs-C-reactive proteins 833:854 hs-C-reactive proteins 833:854 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 10 19 dep risk 1532:1535 arg1 β'-coefficients 1538:1552 β'-coefficients 1538:1552 β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296 1538:1578 Multiple regression analysis revealed that AA and DHA among serum FAs were mainly associated with the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001). 24457065 7 20 dep acid 1026:1029 arg1 C18:2ω-6 1036:1043 C18:2ω-6 1036:1043 C18:2ω-6 1036:1043 Serum linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6) was lowest and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids (DGLAs, C20:3ω-6) were highest in CAD patients with MetS among the 4 groups. 24457065 7 20 dep acid 1026:1029 arg1 LA 1032:1033 LA 1032:1033 LA 1032:1033 Serum linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6) was lowest and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids (DGLAs, C20:3ω-6) were highest in CAD patients with MetS among the 4 groups. 24457065 1 21 theme polyunsaturated 179:193 arg1 acids 201:205 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 171:205 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 171:213 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 1 21 theme polyunsaturated 179:193 arg1 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 1 21 theme polyunsaturated 179:193 arg1 PUFAs 208:212 PUFAs 208:212 PUFAs 208:212 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 11 22 theme stress 1672:1677 arg1 condition 1679:1687 LPS-induced stress condition 1660:1687 LPS-induced stress condition 1660:1687 Under LPS-induced stress condition, LA and DHA significantly suppressed VSMC proliferation. 24457065 6 23 theme LDL 910:912 arg1 size 923:926 LDL particle size 910:926 LDL particle size 910:926 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 10 24 theme Multiple 1414:1421 arg1 analysis 1434:1441 Multiple regression analysis 1414:1441 Multiple regression analysis 1414:1441 Multiple regression analysis revealed that AA and DHA among serum FAs were mainly associated with the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001). 24457065 6 25 theme insulin 813:819 arg1 resistance 821:830 insulin resistance 813:830 insulin resistance 813:830 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 8 26 dep acid 1226:1229 arg1 C20:4ω-6 1236:1243 C20:4ω-6 1236:1243 C20:4ω-6 1236:1243 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω-3) was lower and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4ω-6) and ω6/ω3-PUFAs were higher in CAD patients than in controls. 24457065 8 26 dep acid 1226:1229 arg1 AA 1232:1233 AA 1232:1233 AA 1232:1233 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω-3) was lower and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4ω-6) and ω6/ω3-PUFAs were higher in CAD patients than in controls. 24457065 1 27 theme fatty 195:199 arg1 acids 201:205 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 171:205 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 171:213 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 1 27 theme fatty 195:199 arg1 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 1 27 theme fatty 195:199 arg1 PUFAs 208:212 PUFAs 208:212 PUFAs 208:212 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 8 28 theme Docosahexaenoic 1163:1177 arg1 acid 1179:1182 Docosahexaenoic acid 1163:1182 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω-3) 1163:1198 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω-3) was lower and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4ω-6) and ω6/ω3-PUFAs were higher in CAD patients than in controls. 24457065 10 29 theme cardiometabolic 1516:1530 arg1 risk 1532:1535 the cardiometabolic risk 1512:1535 the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001) 1512:1651 Multiple regression analysis revealed that AA and DHA among serum FAs were mainly associated with the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001). 24457065 6 30 theme particle 914:921 arg1 size 923:926 LDL particle size 910:926 LDL particle size 910:926 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 8 31 theme arachidonic 1214:1224 arg1 acid 1226:1229 arachidonic acid 1214:1229 arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4ω-6) 1214:1244 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω-3) was lower and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4ω-6) and ω6/ω3-PUFAs were higher in CAD patients than in controls. 24457065 3 32 theme cardiometabolic 406:420 arg1 risk 422:425 cardiometabolic risk 406:425 cardiometabolic risk through cross-sectional/experimental studies 406:470 We aimed to investigate the association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk through cross-sectional/experimental studies. 24457065 7 33 theme linoleic 1017:1024 arg1 acid 1026:1029 Serum linoleic acid 1011:1029 Serum linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6) 1011:1044 Serum linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6) was lowest and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids (DGLAs, C20:3ω-6) were highest in CAD patients with MetS among the 4 groups. 24457065 14 34 theme vascular 2001:2008 arg1 proliferation 2010:2022 proliferation 2010:2022 proliferation 2010:2022 Particularly, DHA may be effective on suppression of vascular proliferation and inflammation. 24457065 10 35 theme regression 1423:1432 arg1 analysis 1434:1441 Multiple regression analysis 1414:1441 Multiple regression analysis 1414:1441 Multiple regression analysis revealed that AA and DHA among serum FAs were mainly associated with the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001). 24457065 7 36 theme dihomo-γ-linolenic 1061:1078 arg1 C20:3ω-6 1094:1101 C20:3ω-6 1094:1101 C20:3ω-6 1094:1101 Serum linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6) was lowest and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids (DGLAs, C20:3ω-6) were highest in CAD patients with MetS among the 4 groups. 24457065 7 36 theme dihomo-γ-linolenic 1061:1078 arg1 acids 1080:1084 dihomo-γ-linolenic acids 1061:1084 dihomo-γ-linolenic acids (DGLAs, C20:3ω-6) 1061:1102 Serum linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6) was lowest and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids (DGLAs, C20:3ω-6) were highest in CAD patients with MetS among the 4 groups. 24457065 4 37 theme FA 507:508 arg1 compositions 510:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions 473:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions 473:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 3 38 theme phospholipid 382:393 arg1 PUFAs 395:399 serum phospholipid PUFAs 376:399 serum phospholipid PUFAs 376:399 We aimed to investigate the association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk through cross-sectional/experimental studies. 24457065 0 39 theme vascular 114:121 arg1 proliferation/inflammation 123:148 vascular proliferation/inflammation 114:148 vascular proliferation/inflammation 114:148 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 24457065 1 40 dep OBJECTIVES 151:160 arg1 acids 201:205 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 171:205 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 171:213 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 1 40 dep OBJECTIVES 151:160 arg1 Blood 162:166 Blood 162:166 Blood 162:166 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 1 40 dep OBJECTIVES 151:160 arg1 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 ω3-PUFAs 229:236 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 1 40 dep OBJECTIVES 151:160 arg1 PUFAs 208:212 PUFAs 208:212 PUFAs 208:212 OBJECTIVES Blood or dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly ω3-PUFAs were known for cardiovascular protective effect. 24457065 6 41 dep resistance 821:830 arg1 i.e. 808:811 i.e. 808:811 i.e. 808:811 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 12 42 theme p38 1791:1793 arg1 phosphorylation 1772:1786 the phosphorylation 1768:1786 the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK 1768:1801 DHA also up-regulated the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK, and dramatically inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in VSMCs. 24457065 3 43 theme PUFAs 395:399 arg1 association 361:371 the association 357:371 the association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk through cross-sectional/experimental studies 357:470 We aimed to investigate the association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk through cross-sectional/experimental studies. 24457065 5 44 theme smooth 735:740 arg1 VSMCs 756:760 VSMCs 756:760 VSMCs 756:760 Experimental assays were performed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). 24457065 5 44 theme smooth 735:740 arg1 cells 749:753 vascular smooth muscle cells 726:753 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) 726:761 Experimental assays were performed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). 24457065 3 45 theme cross-sectional/experimental 435:462 arg1 studies 464:470 cross-sectional/experimental studies 435:470 cross-sectional/experimental studies 435:470 We aimed to investigate the association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk through cross-sectional/experimental studies. 24457065 5 46 theme muscle 742:747 arg1 VSMCs 756:760 VSMCs 756:760 VSMCs 756:760 Experimental assays were performed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). 24457065 5 46 theme muscle 742:747 arg1 cells 749:753 vascular smooth muscle cells 726:753 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) 726:761 Experimental assays were performed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). 24457065 0 47 from effect 78:83 arg1 suppression 99:109 the suppression 95:109 the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation 95:148 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 24457065 8 48 dep acid 1179:1182 arg1 C22:6ω-3 1190:1197 C22:6ω-3 1190:1197 C22:6ω-3 1190:1197 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω-3) was lower and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4ω-6) and ω6/ω3-PUFAs were higher in CAD patients than in controls. 24457065 8 48 dep acid 1179:1182 arg1 DHA 1185:1187 DHA 1185:1187 DHA 1185:1187 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω-3) was lower and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4ω-6) and ω6/ω3-PUFAs were higher in CAD patients than in controls. 24457065 9 49 theme healthy 1396:1402 arg1 controls 1404:1411 healthy controls 1396:1411 healthy controls 1396:1411 ω3-PUFAs were significantly lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 10 50 theme MetS 1600:1603 arg1 factors 1605:1611 MetS factors 1600:1611 MetS factors 1600:1611 Multiple regression analysis revealed that AA and DHA among serum FAs were mainly associated with the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001). 24457065 0 51 theme PUFAs 34:38 arg1 Association 0:10 Association 0:10 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 0:149 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 24457065 0 52 theme proliferation/inflammation 123:148 arg1 suppression 99:109 the suppression 95:109 the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation 95:148 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 24457065 4 53 theme cardiometabolic 527:541 arg1 parameters 548:557 cardiometabolic risk parameters 527:557 cardiometabolic risk parameters 527:557 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 0 54 theme phospholipid 21:32 arg1 PUFAs 34:38 serum phospholipid PUFAs 15:38 serum phospholipid PUFAs 15:38 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 24457065 6 55 theme risk 794:797 arg1 markers 799:805 Major cardiometabolic risk markers 772:805 Major cardiometabolic risk markers 772:805 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 11 56 theme VSMC 1726:1729 arg1 proliferation 1731:1743 VSMC proliferation 1726:1743 VSMC proliferation 1726:1743 Under LPS-induced stress condition, LA and DHA significantly suppressed VSMC proliferation. 24457065 7 57 theme CAD 1120:1122 arg1 patients 1124:1131 CAD patients 1120:1131 CAD patients with MetS among the 4 groups 1120:1160 Serum linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6) was lowest and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids (DGLAs, C20:3ω-6) were highest in CAD patients with MetS among the 4 groups. 24457065 4 58 dep [healthy 585:592 arg1 n=987 595:599 n=987 595:599 n=987 595:599 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 4 58 dep [healthy 585:592 arg1 syndrome 612:619 metabolic syndrome 602:619 metabolic syndrome (MetS) 602:626 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 10 59 theme serum 1474:1478 arg1 FAs 1480:1482 serum FAs 1474:1482 serum FAs 1474:1482 Multiple regression analysis revealed that AA and DHA among serum FAs were mainly associated with the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001). 24457065 6 60 theme cardiometabolic 778:792 arg1 markers 799:805 Major cardiometabolic risk markers 772:805 Major cardiometabolic risk markers 772:805 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 0 61 theme cardiometabolic 45:59 arg1 risk 61:64 cardiometabolic risk 45:64 cardiometabolic risk 45:64 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 24457065 4 62 dep controls 576:583 arg1 [healthy 585:592 [healthy 585:592 [healthy 585:592 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 5 63 theme vascular 726:733 arg1 VSMCs 756:760 VSMCs 756:760 VSMCs 756:760 Experimental assays were performed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). 24457065 5 63 theme vascular 726:733 arg1 cells 749:753 vascular smooth muscle cells 726:753 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) 726:761 Experimental assays were performed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). 24457065 4 64 theme DESIGN/METHODS 473:486 arg1 compositions 510:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions 473:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions 473:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 12 65 theme ERK 1799:1801 arg1 phosphorylation 1772:1786 the phosphorylation 1768:1786 the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK 1768:1801 DHA also up-regulated the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK, and dramatically inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in VSMCs. 24457065 6 66 theme Major 772:776 arg1 markers 799:805 Major cardiometabolic risk markers 772:805 Major cardiometabolic risk markers 772:805 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 4 67 theme metabolic 602:610 arg1 MetS 622:625 MetS 622:625 MetS 622:625 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 4 67 theme metabolic 602:610 arg1 n=987 595:599 n=987 595:599 n=987 595:599 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 4 67 theme metabolic 602:610 arg1 syndrome 612:619 metabolic syndrome 602:619 metabolic syndrome (MetS) 602:626 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 4 68 dep CAD-only 654:661 arg1 CAD+MetS 671:678 CAD+MetS 671:678 CAD+MetS 671:678 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 4 68 dep CAD-only 654:661 arg1 n=152 664:668 n=152 664:668 n=152 664:668 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 4 68 dep CAD-only 654:661 arg1 n=56 681:684 n=56 681:684 n=56 681:684 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 10 69 dep together 1581:1588 arg1 with 1590:1593 with 1590:1593 with 1590:1593 Multiple regression analysis revealed that AA and DHA among serum FAs were mainly associated with the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001). 24457065 0 70 with Association 0:10 arg1 risk 61:64 cardiometabolic risk 45:64 cardiometabolic risk 45:64 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 24457065 10 71 dep r=0.529 1635:1641 arg1 p<0.001 1644:1650 p<0.001 1644:1650 p<0.001 1644:1650 Multiple regression analysis revealed that AA and DHA among serum FAs were mainly associated with the cardiometabolic risk (β'-coefficients for AA:0.336; DHA: -0.296) together with age, MetS factors, LA, DGLA and gender (r=0.529, p<0.001). 24457065 4 72 theme phospholipid 494:505 arg1 compositions 510:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions 473:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions 473:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 13 73 theme cardiometabolic 1926:1940 arg1 risk 1942:1945 cardiometabolic risk 1926:1945 cardiometabolic risk 1926:1945 CONCLUSION AA and DHA were mainly associated with cardiometabolic risk. 24457065 13 74 dep CONCLUSION 1876:1885 arg1 AA 1887:1888 AA 1887:1888 AA 1887:1888 CONCLUSION AA and DHA were mainly associated with cardiometabolic risk. 24457065 13 74 dep CONCLUSION 1876:1885 arg1 DHA 1894:1896 DHA 1894:1896 DHA 1894:1896 CONCLUSION AA and DHA were mainly associated with cardiometabolic risk. 24457065 12 75 from translocation 1839:1851 arg1 VSMCs 1869:1873 VSMCs 1869:1873 VSMCs 1869:1873 DHA also up-regulated the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK, and dramatically inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in VSMCs. 24457065 0 76 theme beneficial 67:76 arg1 effect 78:83 beneficial effect 67:83 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 0:149 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 24457065 4 77 theme Serum 488:492 arg1 compositions 510:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions 473:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions 473:521 DESIGN/METHODS Serum phospholipid FA compositions and cardiometabolic risk parameters were measured in controls [healthy: n=987, metabolic syndrome (MetS): n=214] and CAD patients (CAD-only: n=152, CAD+MetS: n=56). 24457065 7 78 theme Serum 1011:1015 arg1 acid 1026:1029 Serum linoleic acid 1011:1029 Serum linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6) 1011:1044 Serum linoleic acid (LA, C18:2ω-6) was lowest and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids (DGLAs, C20:3ω-6) were highest in CAD patients with MetS among the 4 groups. 24457065 9 79 theme CAD 1345:1347 arg1 patients 1349:1356 CAD patients 1345:1356 CAD patients 1345:1356 ω3-PUFAs were significantly lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 9 79 theme CAD 1345:1347 arg1 those 1372:1376 those 1372:1376 those 1372:1376 ω3-PUFAs were significantly lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 11 80 theme LPS-induced 1660:1670 arg1 condition 1679:1687 LPS-induced stress condition 1660:1687 LPS-induced stress condition 1660:1687 Under LPS-induced stress condition, LA and DHA significantly suppressed VSMC proliferation. 24457065 6 81 theme CAD 942:944 arg1 patients 946:953 CAD patients 942:953 CAD patients 942:953 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 6 81 theme CAD 942:944 arg1 those 969:973 those 969:973 those 969:973 RESULTS Major cardiometabolic risk markers, i.e. insulin resistance, hs-C-reactive proteins, and malondialdehyde were higher, and adiponectin and LDL particle size were lower in CAD patients, particularly those with MetS than in healthy controls. 24457065 0 82 dep Association 0:10 arg1 effect 78:83 beneficial effect 67:83 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 0:149 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 24457065 14 83 theme inflammation 2028:2039 arg1 suppression 1986:1996 suppression 1986:1996 suppression of vascular proliferation and inflammation 1986:2039 Particularly, DHA may be effective on suppression of vascular proliferation and inflammation. 24457065 0 84 theme DHA 88:90 arg1 effect 78:83 beneficial effect 67:83 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 0:149 Association of serum phospholipid PUFAs with cardiometabolic risk: beneficial effect of DHA on the suppression of vascular proliferation/inflammation. 27607336 4 0 dep immunophenotyping 741:757 arg1 analysis 794:801 gene sequencing-based analysis 772:801 gene sequencing-based analysis 772:801 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 2 1 theme antibiotic 298:307 arg1 use 309:311 antibiotic use 298:311 antibiotic use 298:311 Previous population-based studies suggested a link between antibiotic use and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk, but the mechanisms are unknown. 27607336 5 2 theme control 883:889 arg1 mice 914:917 control and antibiotic-treated mice 883:917 control and antibiotic-treated mice 883:917 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 2 3 theme inflammatory 327:338 arg1 disease 346:352 inflammatory bowel disease 327:352 increased inflammatory bowel disease risk 317:357 Previous population-based studies suggested a link between antibiotic use and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk, but the mechanisms are unknown. 27607336 8 4 from dysbiosis 1496:1504 arg1 subpopulations 1528:1541 T-cell subpopulations 1521:1541 T-cell subpopulations 1521:1541 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 8 4 from dysbiosis 1496:1504 arg1 reductions 1554:1563 reductions 1554:1563 reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells 1554:1619 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 5 5 theme antibiotic-treated 895:912 arg1 mice 914:917 control and antibiotic-treated mice 883:917 control and antibiotic-treated mice 883:917 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 9 6 theme naive 1759:1763 arg1 cells 1767:1771 naive T cells 1759:1771 naive T cells 1759:1771 Antibiotics conferred protection against dextran sulfate sodium colitis, and this effect was transferable by fecal transplant but not by naive T cells. 27607336 6 7 theme sodium-induced 1272:1285 arg1 colitis 1287:1293 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis 1256:1293 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis 1256:1293 Fecal transfer was performed from control or antibiotic-treated mice to recipient mice whose endogenous microbiota had been cleared with antibiotics, and the susceptibility of the recipients to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was analyzed. 27607336 1 8 theme inflammatory 211:222 arg1 disease 230:236 inflammatory bowel disease 211:236 inflammatory bowel disease 211:236 BACKGROUND The interplay between host genetics, immunity, and microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. 27607336 6 9 theme dextran 1256:1262 arg1 sulfate 1264:1270 dextran sulfate 1256:1270 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis 1256:1293 Fecal transfer was performed from control or antibiotic-treated mice to recipient mice whose endogenous microbiota had been cleared with antibiotics, and the susceptibility of the recipients to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was analyzed. 27607336 6 10 theme recipients 1242:1251 arg1 susceptibility 1220:1233 the susceptibility 1216:1233 the susceptibility of the recipients to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis 1216:1293 Fecal transfer was performed from control or antibiotic-treated mice to recipient mice whose endogenous microbiota had been cleared with antibiotics, and the susceptibility of the recipients to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was analyzed. 27607336 5 11 theme sulfate 948:954 arg1 sodium 956:961 dextran sulfate sodium 940:961 dextran sulfate sodium 940:961 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 5 12 theme dextran 940:946 arg1 sodium 956:961 dextran sulfate sodium 940:961 dextran sulfate sodium 940:961 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 7 13 theme immunodeficient 1388:1402 arg1 recipients 1410:1419 immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients 1388:1419 immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients 1388:1419 Naive CD4 T cells were transferred from control and antibiotic-treated mice to immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients and the severity of colitis compared. 27607336 1 14 dep BACKGROUND 104:113 arg1 central 180:186 central 180:186 central 180:186 BACKGROUND The interplay between host genetics, immunity, and microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. 27607336 1 14 dep BACKGROUND 104:113 arg1 interplay 119:127 The interplay 115:127 The interplay between host genetics, immunity, and microbiota 115:175 BACKGROUND The interplay between host genetics, immunity, and microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. 27607336 3 15 from mechanism 576:584 arg1 composition 500:510 microbiota composition 489:510 microbiota composition 489:510 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 3 15 from mechanism 576:584 arg1 immunity 520:527 innate immunity 513:527 innate immunity 513:527 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 3 15 from mechanism 576:584 arg1 susceptibility 534:547 susceptibility 534:547 susceptibility to colitis 534:558 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 10 16 theme antibiotic-treated 1891:1908 arg1 mice 1910:1913 antibiotic-treated mice 1891:1913 antibiotic-treated mice 1891:1913 CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure protects against colitis, and this effect is transferable with fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice, supporting a protective effect of the microbial community. 27607336 8 17 theme lamina 1576:1581 arg1 cells 1599:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 8 18 theme total 1591:1595 arg1 cells 1599:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 3 19 theme long-term 439:447 arg1 effects 449:455 the long-term effects 435:455 the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis 435:558 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 6 20 theme control 1096:1102 arg1 mice 1126:1129 control or antibiotic-treated mice 1096:1129 control or antibiotic-treated mice 1096:1129 Fecal transfer was performed from control or antibiotic-treated mice to recipient mice whose endogenous microbiota had been cleared with antibiotics, and the susceptibility of the recipients to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was analyzed. 27607336 0 21 from Changes 42:48 arg1 Microbiota 63:72 the Fecal Microbiota 53:72 the Fecal Microbiota 53:72 Antibiotic Treatment Induces Long-lasting Changes in the Fecal Microbiota that Protect Against Colitis. 27607336 4 22 theme 16S 763:765 arg1 rRNA 767:770 16S rRNA 763:770 16S rRNA 763:770 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 0 23 theme Antibiotic 0:9 arg1 Treatment 11:19 Antibiotic Treatment 0:19 Antibiotic Treatment 0:19 Antibiotic Treatment Induces Long-lasting Changes in the Fecal Microbiota that Protect Against Colitis. 27607336 10 24 from mice 1910:1913 arg1 microbiota 1875:1884 fecal microbiota 1869:1884 fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice 1869:1913 CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure protects against colitis, and this effect is transferable with fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice, supporting a protective effect of the microbial community. 27607336 7 25 theme antibiotic-treated 1361:1378 arg1 mice 1380:1383 control and antibiotic-treated mice 1349:1383 control and antibiotic-treated mice 1349:1383 Naive CD4 T cells were transferred from control and antibiotic-treated mice to immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients and the severity of colitis compared. 27607336 8 26 theme CD4 1609:1611 arg1 cells 1615:1619 CD4 T cells 1609:1619 CD4 T cells 1609:1619 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 4 27 theme gene 772:775 arg1 analysis 794:801 gene sequencing-based analysis 772:801 gene sequencing-based analysis 772:801 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 3 28 theme administration 471:484 arg1 effects 449:455 the long-term effects 435:455 the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis 435:558 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 3 28 theme administration 471:484 arg1 mechanism 576:584 the mechanism 572:584 the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity 572:631 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 7 29 theme control 1349:1355 arg1 mice 1380:1383 control and antibiotic-treated mice 1349:1383 control and antibiotic-treated mice 1349:1383 Naive CD4 T cells were transferred from control and antibiotic-treated mice to immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients and the severity of colitis compared. 27607336 9 30 theme sulfate 1671:1677 arg1 colitis 1686:1692 dextran sulfate sodium colitis 1663:1692 dextran sulfate sodium colitis 1663:1692 Antibiotics conferred protection against dextran sulfate sodium colitis, and this effect was transferable by fecal transplant but not by naive T cells. 27607336 6 31 theme endogenous 1155:1164 arg1 microbiota 1166:1175 microbiota 1166:1175 microbiota 1166:1175 Fecal transfer was performed from control or antibiotic-treated mice to recipient mice whose endogenous microbiota had been cleared with antibiotics, and the susceptibility of the recipients to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was analyzed. 27607336 2 32 theme population-based 248:263 arg1 studies 265:271 Previous population-based studies 239:271 Previous population-based studies 239:271 Previous population-based studies suggested a link between antibiotic use and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk, but the mechanisms are unknown. 27607336 10 33 theme community 1964:1972 arg1 effect 1940:1945 a protective effect 1927:1945 a protective effect of the microbial community 1927:1972 CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure protects against colitis, and this effect is transferable with fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice, supporting a protective effect of the microbial community. 27607336 4 34 theme microbiome 816:825 arg1 rRNA 767:770 16S rRNA 763:770 16S rRNA 763:770 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 4 34 theme microbiome 816:825 arg1 immunophenotyping 741:757 subsequent immunophenotyping 730:757 subsequent immunophenotyping 730:757 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 5 35 theme colitis 1031:1037 arg1 weeks 966:970 6 weeks 964:970 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment 964:1008 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 5 35 theme colitis 1031:1037 arg1 severity 1019:1026 the severity 1015:1026 the severity of colitis scored histologically 1015:1059 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 5 35 theme colitis 1031:1037 arg1 days 932:935 7 days 930:935 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium 930:961 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 3 36 theme microbiota 489:498 arg1 composition 500:510 microbiota composition 489:510 microbiota composition 489:510 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 1 37 theme bowel 224:228 arg1 disease 230:236 inflammatory bowel disease 211:236 inflammatory bowel disease 211:236 BACKGROUND The interplay between host genetics, immunity, and microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. 27607336 7 38 theme CD4 1315:1317 arg1 cells 1321:1325 Naive CD4 T cells 1309:1325 Naive CD4 T cells 1309:1325 Naive CD4 T cells were transferred from control and antibiotic-treated mice to immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients and the severity of colitis compared. 27607336 3 39 from effects 449:455 arg1 composition 500:510 microbiota composition 489:510 microbiota composition 489:510 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 3 39 from effects 449:455 arg1 immunity 520:527 innate immunity 513:527 innate immunity 513:527 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 3 39 from effects 449:455 arg1 susceptibility 534:547 susceptibility 534:547 susceptibility to colitis 534:558 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 10 40 theme Antibiotic 1786:1795 arg1 exposure 1797:1804 Antibiotic exposure 1786:1804 Antibiotic exposure 1786:1804 CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure protects against colitis, and this effect is transferable with fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice, supporting a protective effect of the microbial community. 27607336 6 41 theme antibiotic-treated 1107:1124 arg1 mice 1126:1129 control or antibiotic-treated mice 1096:1129 control or antibiotic-treated mice 1096:1129 Fecal transfer was performed from control or antibiotic-treated mice to recipient mice whose endogenous microbiota had been cleared with antibiotics, and the susceptibility of the recipients to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was analyzed. 27607336 9 42 theme fecal 1731:1735 arg1 transplant 1737:1746 fecal transplant 1731:1746 fecal transplant 1731:1746 Antibiotics conferred protection against dextran sulfate sodium colitis, and this effect was transferable by fecal transplant but not by naive T cells. 27607336 4 43 theme broad-spectrum 668:681 arg1 antibiotics 683:693 broad-spectrum antibiotics 668:693 broad-spectrum antibiotics 668:693 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 2 44 theme bowel 340:344 arg1 disease 346:352 inflammatory bowel disease 327:352 increased inflammatory bowel disease risk 317:357 Previous population-based studies suggested a link between antibiotic use and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk, but the mechanisms are unknown. 27607336 2 45 theme increased 317:325 arg1 risk 354:357 increased inflammatory bowel disease risk 317:357 increased inflammatory bowel disease risk 317:357 Previous population-based studies suggested a link between antibiotic use and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk, but the mechanisms are unknown. 27607336 9 46 theme T 1765:1765 arg1 cells 1767:1771 naive T cells 1759:1771 naive T cells 1759:1771 Antibiotics conferred protection against dextran sulfate sodium colitis, and this effect was transferable by fecal transplant but not by naive T cells. 27607336 4 47 theme Wild-type 642:650 arg1 mice 652:655 METHODS Wild-type mice 634:655 METHODS Wild-type mice 634:655 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 2 48 theme Previous 239:246 arg1 studies 265:271 Previous population-based studies 239:271 Previous population-based studies 239:271 Previous population-based studies suggested a link between antibiotic use and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk, but the mechanisms are unknown. 27607336 5 49 theme separate 862:869 arg1 experiment 871:880 a separate experiment 860:880 a separate experiment 860:880 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 8 50 theme T-cell 1521:1526 arg1 subpopulations 1528:1541 T-cell subpopulations 1521:1541 T-cell subpopulations 1521:1541 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 8 50 theme T-cell 1521:1526 arg1 reductions 1554:1563 reductions 1554:1563 reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells 1554:1619 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 7 51 theme colitis 1441:1447 arg1 severity 1429:1436 the severity 1425:1436 the severity of colitis 1425:1447 Naive CD4 T cells were transferred from control and antibiotic-treated mice to immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients and the severity of colitis compared. 27607336 10 52 theme fecal 1869:1873 arg1 microbiota 1875:1884 fecal microbiota 1869:1884 fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice 1869:1913 CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure protects against colitis, and this effect is transferable with fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice, supporting a protective effect of the microbial community. 27607336 1 53 theme host 137:140 arg1 genetics 142:149 host genetics 137:149 host genetics 137:149 BACKGROUND The interplay between host genetics, immunity, and microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. 27607336 4 54 theme subsequent 730:739 arg1 immunophenotyping 741:757 subsequent immunophenotyping 730:757 subsequent immunophenotyping 730:757 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 3 55 theme host 613:616 arg1 colitogenicity 618:631 host colitogenicity 613:631 host colitogenicity 613:631 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 8 56 theme colonic 1568:1574 arg1 cells 1599:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 7 57 theme Rag-1 1404:1408 arg1 recipients 1410:1419 immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients 1388:1419 immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients 1388:1419 Naive CD4 T cells were transferred from control and antibiotic-treated mice to immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients and the severity of colitis compared. 27607336 8 58 from changes 1510:1516 arg1 subpopulations 1528:1541 T-cell subpopulations 1521:1541 T-cell subpopulations 1521:1541 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 8 58 from changes 1510:1516 arg1 reductions 1554:1563 reductions 1554:1563 reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells 1554:1619 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 8 59 theme propria 1583:1589 arg1 cells 1599:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 8 60 from reductions 1554:1563 arg1 cells 1615:1619 CD4 T cells 1609:1619 CD4 T cells 1609:1619 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 8 60 from reductions 1554:1563 arg1 cells 1599:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 10 61 with transferable 1851:1862 arg1 microbiota 1875:1884 fecal microbiota 1869:1884 fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice 1869:1913 CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure protects against colitis, and this effect is transferable with fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice, supporting a protective effect of the microbial community. 27607336 8 62 theme T 1597:1597 arg1 cells 1599:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 colonic lamina propria total T cells 1568:1603 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 10 63 dep CONCLUSIONS 1774:1784 arg1 protects 1806:1813 protects 1806:1813 protects against colitis 1806:1829 CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure protects against colitis, and this effect is transferable with fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice, supporting a protective effect of the microbial community. 27607336 4 64 theme sequencing-based 777:792 arg1 analysis 794:801 gene sequencing-based analysis 772:801 gene sequencing-based analysis 772:801 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 5 65 theme antibiotic 989:998 arg1 treatment 1000:1008 antibiotic treatment 989:1008 antibiotic treatment 989:1008 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 5 66 theme sodium 956:961 arg1 weeks 966:970 6 weeks 964:970 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment 964:1008 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 5 66 theme sodium 956:961 arg1 severity 1019:1026 the severity 1015:1026 the severity of colitis scored histologically 1015:1059 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 5 66 theme sodium 956:961 arg1 days 932:935 7 days 930:935 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium 930:961 In a separate experiment, control and antibiotic-treated mice were given 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium, 6 weeks after completing antibiotic treatment, and the severity of colitis scored histologically. 27607336 8 67 theme T 1613:1613 arg1 cells 1615:1619 CD4 T cells 1609:1619 CD4 T cells 1609:1619 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 0 68 theme Long-lasting 29:40 arg1 Changes 42:48 Long-lasting Changes 29:48 Long-lasting Changes in the Fecal Microbiota that Protect Against Colitis 29:101 Antibiotic Treatment Induces Long-lasting Changes in the Fecal Microbiota that Protect Against Colitis. 27607336 9 69 theme dextran 1663:1669 arg1 sulfate 1671:1677 dextran sulfate 1663:1677 dextran sulfate sodium colitis 1663:1692 Antibiotics conferred protection against dextran sulfate sodium colitis, and this effect was transferable by fecal transplant but not by naive T cells. 27607336 6 70 theme Fecal 1062:1066 arg1 transfer 1068:1075 Fecal transfer 1062:1075 Fecal transfer 1062:1075 Fecal transfer was performed from control or antibiotic-treated mice to recipient mice whose endogenous microbiota had been cleared with antibiotics, and the susceptibility of the recipients to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was analyzed. 27607336 10 71 theme protective 1929:1938 arg1 effect 1940:1945 a protective effect 1927:1945 a protective effect of the microbial community 1927:1972 CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure protects against colitis, and this effect is transferable with fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice, supporting a protective effect of the microbial community. 27607336 3 72 theme antibiotic 460:469 arg1 administration 471:484 antibiotic administration 460:484 antibiotic administration 460:484 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 0 73 theme Fecal 57:61 arg1 Microbiota 63:72 the Fecal Microbiota 53:72 the Fecal Microbiota 53:72 Antibiotic Treatment Induces Long-lasting Changes in the Fecal Microbiota that Protect Against Colitis. 27607336 9 74 theme sodium 1679:1684 arg1 colitis 1686:1692 dextran sulfate sodium colitis 1663:1692 dextran sulfate sodium colitis 1663:1692 Antibiotics conferred protection against dextran sulfate sodium colitis, and this effect was transferable by fecal transplant but not by naive T cells. 27607336 7 75 theme T 1319:1319 arg1 cells 1321:1325 Naive CD4 T cells 1309:1325 Naive CD4 T cells 1309:1325 Naive CD4 T cells were transferred from control and antibiotic-treated mice to immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients and the severity of colitis compared. 27607336 3 76 theme study 412:416 arg1 purpose 396:402 The purpose 392:402 The purpose of this study 392:416 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 8 77 theme RESULTS 1459:1465 arg1 Antibiotics 1467:1477 RESULTS Antibiotics 1459:1477 RESULTS Antibiotics 1459:1477 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 27607336 3 78 theme innate 513:518 arg1 immunity 520:527 innate immunity 513:527 innate immunity 513:527 The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of antibiotic administration on microbiota composition, innate immunity, and susceptibility to colitis, as well as the mechanism by which antibiotics alter host colitogenicity. 27607336 6 79 theme sulfate 1264:1270 arg1 colitis 1287:1293 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis 1256:1293 dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis 1256:1293 Fecal transfer was performed from control or antibiotic-treated mice to recipient mice whose endogenous microbiota had been cleared with antibiotics, and the susceptibility of the recipients to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was analyzed. 27607336 7 80 theme Naive 1309:1313 arg1 cells 1321:1325 Naive CD4 T cells 1309:1325 Naive CD4 T cells 1309:1325 Naive CD4 T cells were transferred from control and antibiotic-treated mice to immunodeficient Rag-1 recipients and the severity of colitis compared. 27607336 10 81 theme microbial 1954:1962 arg1 community 1964:1972 the microbial community 1950:1972 the microbial community 1950:1972 CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure protects against colitis, and this effect is transferable with fecal microbiota from antibiotic-treated mice, supporting a protective effect of the microbial community. 27607336 4 82 theme fecal 810:814 arg1 microbiome 816:825 the fecal microbiome 806:825 the fecal microbiome 806:825 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 2 83 theme disease 346:352 arg1 risk 354:357 increased inflammatory bowel disease risk 317:357 increased inflammatory bowel disease risk 317:357 Previous population-based studies suggested a link between antibiotic use and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk, but the mechanisms are unknown. 27607336 1 84 theme disease 230:236 arg1 pathogenesis 195:206 the pathogenesis 191:206 the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease 191:236 BACKGROUND The interplay between host genetics, immunity, and microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. 27607336 6 85 theme recipient 1134:1142 arg1 mice 1144:1147 recipient mice 1134:1147 recipient mice whose endogenous microbiota had been cleared with antibiotics 1134:1209 Fecal transfer was performed from control or antibiotic-treated mice to recipient mice whose endogenous microbiota had been cleared with antibiotics, and the susceptibility of the recipients to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was analyzed. 27607336 4 86 theme METHODS 634:640 arg1 mice 652:655 METHODS Wild-type mice 634:655 METHODS Wild-type mice 634:655 METHODS Wild-type mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics or no antibiotics for 2 weeks, and subsequent immunophenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis of the fecal microbiome were performed 6 weeks later. 27607336 8 87 theme sustained 1486:1494 arg1 dysbiosis 1496:1504 sustained dysbiosis 1486:1504 sustained dysbiosis 1486:1504 RESULTS Antibiotics led to sustained dysbiosis and changes in T-cell subpopulations, including reductions in colonic lamina propria total T cells and CD4 T cells. 24599898 2 0 from Iran 276:279 arg1 Aran-Bidgol 261:271 Aran-Bidgol 261:271 Aran-Bidgol 261:271 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 4 1 theme optimal 484:490 arg1 growth 492:497 optimal growth 484:497 optimal growth at 35 °C 484:506 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 10 2 theme novel 1480:1484 arg1 genus 1486:1490 a novel genus 1478:1490 a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae 1478:1526 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 10 3 theme biochemical 1306:1316 arg1 differences 1335:1345 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences 1287:1345 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names 1287:1421 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 9 4 theme wall 1249:1252 arg1 constituents 1224:1235 The amino acid constituents 1209:1235 The amino acid constituents of the cell wall 1209:1252 The amino acid constituents of the cell wall were Lys, Asp, Gly, Glu and Ala. 24599898 9 4 theme wall 1249:1252 arg1 Lys 1259:1261 Lys 1259:1261 Lys 1259:1261 The amino acid constituents of the cell wall were Lys, Asp, Gly, Glu and Ala. 24599898 2 5 theme brine 224:228 arg1 sample 230:235 a brine sample 222:235 a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 222:279 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 10 6 theme family 1503:1508 arg1 Staphylococcaceae 1510:1526 the family Staphylococcaceae 1499:1526 the family Staphylococcaceae 1499:1526 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 2 7 theme Aran-Bidgol 261:271 arg1 lake 256:259 the hypersaline lake 240:259 the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 240:279 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 6 8 theme isolate 881:887 arg1 content 861:867 The DNA G+C content 849:867 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate 849:887 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.8 mol%. 24599898 6 8 theme isolate 881:887 arg1 % 901:901 38.8 mol% 893:901 38.8 mol% 893:901 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.8 mol%. 24599898 10 9 theme phylogenetic 1322:1333 arg1 differences 1335:1345 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences 1287:1345 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names 1287:1421 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 4 10 dep °C 480:481 arg1 growth 492:497 optimal growth 484:497 optimal growth at 35 °C 484:506 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 5 11 theme strain 640:645 arg1 T 651:651 T 651:651 T 651:651 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 5 11 theme strain 640:645 arg1 A76 647:649 strain A76 640:649 strain A76(T) 640:652 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 7 12 theme lipid 1008:1012 arg1 pattern 1014:1020 its polar lipid pattern 998:1020 its polar lipid pattern 998:1020 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 1 13 attach isolated 79:86 arg2 Firmicutes 68:77 the Firmicutes 64:77 the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake 64:110 nov., a halophilic member of the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake. 24599898 1 13 attach isolated 79:86 arg1 lake 107:110 a hypersaline lake 93:110 a hypersaline lake 93:110 nov., a halophilic member of the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake. 24599898 10 14 theme persicus 1559:1566 arg1 nov. 1573:1576 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 1548:1576 the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 1539:1576 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 5 15 theme phylum 681:686 arg1 Firmicutes 688:697 the phylum Firmicutes 677:697 the phylum Firmicutes 677:697 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 4 16 theme Strain 391:396 arg1 T 402:402 T 402:402 T 402:402 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 4 16 theme Strain 391:396 arg1 A76 398:400 Strain A76 391:400 Strain A76(T) 391:403 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 5 17 theme gene 616:619 arg1 analysis 630:637 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 607:637 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 607:637 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 2 18 attach isolated 208:215 arg2 bacterium 167:175 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 113:175 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 113:175 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 2 18 attach isolated 208:215 arg1 sample 230:235 a brine sample 222:235 a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 222:279 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 8 19 theme isoprenoid 1147:1156 arg1 MK-6 1172:1175 MK-6 1172:1175 MK-6 1172:1175 The isoprenoid quinones were MK-6 (94%), MK-5 (3%) and MK-7 (3%). 24599898 8 19 theme isoprenoid 1147:1156 arg1 quinones 1158:1165 The isoprenoid quinones 1143:1165 The isoprenoid quinones 1143:1165 The isoprenoid quinones were MK-6 (94%), MK-5 (3%) and MK-7 (3%). 24599898 2 20 theme Gram-staining-positive 121:142 arg1 bacterium 167:175 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 113:175 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 113:175 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 7 21 theme strain 938:943 arg1 T 949:949 T 949:949 T 949:949 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 7 21 theme strain 938:943 arg1 A76 945:947 strain A76 938:947 strain A76(T) 938:950 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 4 22 theme optimal 435:441 arg1 growth 443:448 optimal growth 435:448 optimal growth at pH 8.0 435:458 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 12 23 dep A76 1650:1652 arg1 10081 1698:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081 1658:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T) 1658:1705 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 23 dep A76 1650:1652 arg1 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 24 theme type 1605:1608 arg1 A76 1650:1652 strain A76 1643:1652 strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)) 1643:1706 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 24 theme type 1605:1608 arg1 strain 1610:1615 The type strain 1601:1615 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus 1601:1638 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 25 theme  = CECT 1658:1664 arg1 10081 1698:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081 1658:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T) 1658:1705 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 25 theme  = CECT 1658:1664 arg1 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 7 26 theme cellular 914:921 arg1 acids 929:933 The major cellular fatty acids 904:933 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) 904:950 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 7 26 theme cellular 914:921 arg1 anteiso-C 957:965 anteiso-C 957:965 anteiso-C 957:965 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 4 27 from °C 505:506 arg1 growth 492:497 optimal growth 484:497 optimal growth at 35 °C 484:506 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 0 28 theme Aliicoccus 0:9 arg1 nov. 25:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 0:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 0:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 5 29 theme sequence 704:711 arg1 similarities 713:724 sequence similarities 704:724 sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1% 704:748 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 0 30 theme gen. 20:23 arg1 nov. 25:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 0:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 0:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 12 31 theme T 1671:1671 arg1 10081 1698:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081 1658:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T) 1658:1705 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 31 theme T 1671:1671 arg1 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 5 32 theme type 758:761 arg1 species 763:769 the type species 754:769 the type species 754:769 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 10 33 theme taxa 1389:1392 arg1 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 10 33 theme taxa 1389:1392 arg1 A76 1362:1364 strain A76(T) and type strains 1355:1384 A76 1362:1364 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 10 33 theme taxa 1389:1392 arg1 strains 1378:1384 strain A76(T) and type strains 1355:1384 strains 1378:1384 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 12 34 theme  = DSM 1673:1678 arg1 10081 1698:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081 1658:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T) 1658:1705 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 34 theme  = DSM 1673:1678 arg1 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 10 35 with taxa 1389:1392 arg1 names 1417:1421 validly published names 1399:1421 validly published names 1399:1421 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 2 36 theme strain 189:194 arg1 T 200:200 T 200:200 T 200:200 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 2 36 theme strain 189:194 arg1 A76 196:198 strain A76 189:198 strain A76(T) 189:201 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 10 37 theme physiological 1291:1303 arg1 differences 1335:1345 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences 1287:1345 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names 1287:1421 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 5 38 theme % 748:748 arg1 similarities 713:724 sequence similarities 704:724 sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1% 704:748 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 6 39 theme G+C 857:859 arg1 content 861:867 The DNA G+C content 849:867 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate 849:887 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.8 mol%. 24599898 6 39 theme G+C 857:859 arg1 % 901:901 38.8 mol% 893:901 38.8 mol% 893:901 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.8 mol%. 24599898 9 40 theme acid 1219:1222 arg1 constituents 1224:1235 The amino acid constituents 1209:1235 The amino acid constituents of the cell wall 1209:1252 The amino acid constituents of the cell wall were Lys, Asp, Gly, Glu and Ala. 24599898 9 40 theme acid 1219:1222 arg1 Lys 1259:1261 Lys 1259:1261 Lys 1259:1261 The amino acid constituents of the cell wall were Lys, Asp, Gly, Glu and Ala. 24599898 4 41 dep grew 405:408 arg1 growth 563:568 optimal growth 555:568 optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v 555:581 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 7 42 theme unknown 1120:1126 arg1 phospholipids 1128:1140 two unknown phospholipids 1116:1140 two unknown phospholipids 1116:1140 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 9 43 theme cell 1244:1247 arg1 wall 1249:1252 the cell wall 1240:1252 the cell wall 1240:1252 The amino acid constituents of the cell wall were Lys, Asp, Gly, Glu and Ala. 24599898 5 44 dep genera 778:783 arg1 Nosocomiicoccus 818:832 Nosocomiicoccus 818:832 Nosocomiicoccus 818:832 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 5 44 dep genera 778:783 arg1 Salinicoccus 801:812 Salinicoccus 801:812 Salinicoccus 801:812 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 2 45 theme novel 115:119 arg1 bacterium 167:175 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 113:175 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 113:175 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 7 46 theme unknown 1098:1104 arg1 lipid 1106:1110 an unknown lipid 1095:1110 an unknown lipid 1095:1110 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 6 47 theme mol 898:900 arg1 % 901:901 38.8 mol% 893:901 38.8 mol% 893:901 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.8 mol%. 24599898 6 47 theme mol 898:900 arg1 content 861:867 The DNA G+C content 849:867 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate 849:887 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.8 mol%. 24599898 12 48 theme strain 1643:1648 arg1 A76 1650:1652 strain A76 1643:1652 strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)) 1643:1706 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 48 theme strain 1643:1648 arg1 T 1654:1654 T 1654:1654 T 1654:1654 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 48 theme strain 1643:1648 arg1 strain 1610:1615 The type strain 1601:1615 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus 1601:1638 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 10 49 theme strain 1355:1360 arg1 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 10 49 theme strain 1355:1360 arg1 A76 1362:1364 strain A76(T) and type strains 1355:1384 A76 1362:1364 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 2 50 theme lake 256:259 arg1 sample 230:235 a brine sample 222:235 a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 222:279 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 5 51 theme sequence 621:628 arg1 analysis 630:637 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 607:637 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 607:637 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 6 52 theme new 877:879 arg1 isolate 881:887 this new isolate 872:887 this new isolate 872:887 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.8 mol%. 24599898 10 53 from species 1467:1473 arg1 genus 1486:1490 a novel genus 1478:1490 a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae 1478:1526 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 10 54 dep sp 1579:1580 arg1 name 1543:1546 the name 1539:1546 the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 1539:1576 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 12 55 theme persicus 1631:1638 arg1 A76 1650:1652 strain A76 1643:1652 strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)) 1643:1706 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 55 theme persicus 1631:1638 arg1 strain 1610:1615 The type strain 1601:1615 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus 1601:1638 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 10 56 dep name 1543:1546 arg1 nov. 1573:1576 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 1548:1576 the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 1539:1576 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 4 57 theme NaCl 549:552 arg1 salinities 516:525 salinities 516:525 salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl 516:552 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 5 58 theme genera 778:783 arg1 species 763:769 the type species 754:769 the type species 754:769 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 1 59 theme hypersaline 95:105 arg1 lake 107:110 a hypersaline lake 93:110 a hypersaline lake 93:110 nov., a halophilic member of the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake. 24599898 7 60 theme polar 1002:1006 arg1 pattern 1014:1020 its polar lipid pattern 998:1020 its polar lipid pattern 998:1020 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 4 61 theme optimal 555:561 arg1 growth 563:568 optimal growth 555:568 optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v 555:581 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 10 62 theme Aliicoccus 1548:1557 arg1 nov. 1573:1576 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 1548:1576 the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 1539:1576 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 7 63 theme A76 945:947 arg1 acids 929:933 The major cellular fatty acids 904:933 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) 904:950 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 7 63 theme A76 945:947 arg1 anteiso-C 957:965 anteiso-C 957:965 anteiso-C 957:965 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 10 64 theme type 1373:1376 arg1 strains 1378:1384 strain A76(T) and type strains 1355:1384 strains 1378:1384 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 4 65 theme % 541:541 arg1 NaCl 549:552 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl 530:552 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl 530:552 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 7 66 theme fatty 923:927 arg1 acids 929:933 The major cellular fatty acids 904:933 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) 904:950 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 7 66 theme fatty 923:927 arg1 anteiso-C 957:965 anteiso-C 957:965 anteiso-C 957:965 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 2 67 from Aran-Bidgol 261:271 arg1 Iran 276:279 Iran 276:279 Iran 276:279 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 12 68 theme  = IBRC-M 1688:1696 arg1 10081 1698:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081 1658:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T) 1658:1705 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 68 theme  = IBRC-M 1688:1696 arg1 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 10 69 theme gen. 1568:1571 arg1 nov. 1573:1576 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 1548:1576 the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 1539:1576 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 7 70 theme major 908:912 arg1 acids 929:933 The major cellular fatty acids 904:933 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) 904:950 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 7 70 theme major 908:912 arg1 anteiso-C 957:965 anteiso-C 957:965 anteiso-C 957:965 The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. 24599898 1 71 theme halophilic 43:52 arg1 member 54:59 a halophilic member 41:59 a halophilic member of the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake 41:110 nov., a halophilic member of the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake. 24599898 1 71 theme halophilic 43:52 arg1 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov., a halophilic member of the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake. 24599898 0 72 theme persicus 11:18 arg1 nov. 25:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 0:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 0:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 4 73 from % 576:576 arg1 growth 563:568 optimal growth 555:568 optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v 555:581 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 4 74 dep growth 563:568 arg1 NaCl 584:587 NaCl 584:587 NaCl 584:587 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 5 75 theme rRNA 611:614 arg1 analysis 630:637 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 607:637 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 607:637 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 5 76 theme 16S 607:609 arg1 analysis 630:637 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 607:637 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 607:637 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 1 77 theme Firmicutes 68:77 arg1 member 54:59 a halophilic member 41:59 a halophilic member of the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake 41:110 nov., a halophilic member of the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake. 24599898 1 77 theme Firmicutes 68:77 arg1 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov., a halophilic member of the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake. 24599898 2 78 dep Gram-staining-positive 121:142 arg1 halophilic 156:165 halophilic 156:165 halophilic 156:165 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 10 79 theme published 1407:1415 arg1 names 1417:1421 validly published names 1399:1421 validly published names 1399:1421 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 12 80 theme T 1686:1686 arg1 10081 1698:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081 1658:1702  = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T) 1658:1705 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 12 80 theme T 1686:1686 arg1 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 T 1704:1704 The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)). 24599898 4 81 from pH 453:454 arg1 growth 443:448 optimal growth 435:448 optimal growth at pH 8.0 435:458 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 0 82 dep sp 31:32 arg1 nov. 25:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 0:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov. 0:28 Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 3 83 dep aerobic 302:308 arg1 oxidase-positive 373:388 oxidase-positive 373:388 oxidase-positive 373:388 Cells were strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, non-sporulating, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 24599898 3 83 dep aerobic 302:308 arg1 non-sporulating 338:352 non-sporulating 338:352 non-sporulating 338:352 Cells were strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, non-sporulating, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 24599898 3 83 dep aerobic 302:308 arg1 catalase- 359:367 catalase- 359:367 catalase- 359:367 Cells were strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, non-sporulating, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 24599898 3 83 dep aerobic 302:308 arg1 non-motile 326:335 non-motile 326:335 non-motile 326:335 Cells were strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, non-sporulating, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 24599898 3 83 dep aerobic 302:308 arg1 coccus-shaped 311:323 coccus-shaped 311:323 coccus-shaped 311:323 Cells were strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, non-sporulating, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 24599898 2 84 theme hypersaline 244:254 arg1 lake 256:259 the hypersaline lake 240:259 the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 240:279 A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24599898 4 85 dep 10.0 429:432 arg1 growth 443:448 optimal growth 435:448 optimal growth at pH 8.0 435:458 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 4 86 dep 12.5 537:540 arg1 to 534:535 to 534:535 to 534:535 Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). 24599898 9 87 theme amino 1213:1217 arg1 constituents 1224:1235 The amino acid constituents 1209:1235 The amino acid constituents of the cell wall 1209:1252 The amino acid constituents of the cell wall were Lys, Asp, Gly, Glu and Ala. 24599898 9 87 theme amino 1213:1217 arg1 Lys 1259:1261 Lys 1259:1261 Lys 1259:1261 The amino acid constituents of the cell wall were Lys, Asp, Gly, Glu and Ala. 24599898 6 88 theme DNA 853:855 arg1 content 861:867 The DNA G+C content 849:867 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate 849:887 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.8 mol%. 24599898 6 88 theme DNA 853:855 arg1 % 901:901 38.8 mol% 893:901 38.8 mol% 893:901 The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.8 mol%. 24599898 10 89 theme novel 1461:1465 arg1 species 1467:1473 a novel species 1459:1473 a novel species 1459:1473 The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. 24599898 5 90 dep analysis 630:637 arg1 the 594:596 the 594:596 the 594:596 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 24599898 5 90 dep analysis 630:637 arg1 basis 598:602 basis 598:602 basis 598:602 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. 26788025 3 0 from matrix 1058:1063 arg1 tissue 1078:1083 cartilage tissue 1068:1083 cartilage tissue 1068:1083 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 2 1 theme resin 597:601 arg1 sections 603:610 semithin resin sections 588:610 semithin resin sections with light microscopy 588:632 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 2 2 theme electron 818:825 arg1 microscopy 827:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 4 3 theme lamina 1347:1352 arg1 interruptions 1320:1332 interruptions 1320:1332 interruptions of the basal lamina 1320:1352 RESULTS In the rabbit limbal cornea, while no palisades of Vogt were present, the basal epithelial cells stained differentially with Toluidine blue, and extended lobed protrusions proximally into the stoma, which were associated with interruptions of the basal lamina. 26788025 5 4 theme basal 1486:1490 arg1 cells 1503:1507 basal epithelial cells 1486:1507 basal epithelial cells 1486:1507 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 1 5 theme human 294:298 arg1 corneas 309:315 transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 275:315 transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 275:315 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 7 6 theme stem 1900:1903 arg1 niche 1910:1914 the human stem cell niche 1890:1914 the human stem cell niche 1890:1914 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 8 7 theme native 1919:1924 arg1 epitope 1936:1942 A native sulfation epitope 1917:1942 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 1917:1984 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 8 8 theme cell 2084:2087 arg1 niche 2089:2093 this putative stem/progenitor cell niche 2054:2093 this putative stem/progenitor cell niche 2054:2093 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 6 9 theme sulfate 1581:1587 arg1 structures 1589:1598 native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures 1552:1598 native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures 1552:1598 From a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures, one (6-C-3) gave a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations. 26788025 4 10 from RESULTS 1086:1092 arg1 cornea 1115:1120 the rabbit limbal cornea 1097:1120 the rabbit limbal cornea 1097:1120 RESULTS In the rabbit limbal cornea, while no palisades of Vogt were present, the basal epithelial cells stained differentially with Toluidine blue, and extended lobed protrusions proximally into the stoma, which were associated with interruptions of the basal lamina. 26788025 1 11 theme cell 477:480 arg1 niche 482:486 the stem cell niche 468:486 the stem cell niche 468:486 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 1 12 theme similar 215:221 arg1 interactions 201:212 mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions 173:212 mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions 173:212 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 7 13 theme rabbit 1823:1828 arg1 limbus 1838:1843 the rabbit corneal limbus 1819:1843 the rabbit corneal limbus 1819:1843 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 2 14 theme images 779:784 arg1 sets 752:755 data sets 747:755 data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy 747:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 2 14 theme images 779:784 arg1 images 779:784 up to 1,000 serial images 760:784 up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy 760:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 0 15 theme corneal 126:132 arg1 limbus 134:139 the rabbit corneal limbus 115:139 the rabbit corneal limbus 115:139 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 6 16 theme native 1552:1557 arg1 structures 1589:1598 native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures 1552:1598 native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures 1552:1598 From a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures, one (6-C-3) gave a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations. 26788025 2 17 theme white 545:549 arg1 rabbits 551:557 adult Japanese white rabbits 530:557 adult Japanese white rabbits 530:557 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 4 18 theme Vogt 1145:1148 arg1 palisades 1132:1140 no palisades 1129:1140 no palisades of Vogt 1129:1148 RESULTS In the rabbit limbal cornea, while no palisades of Vogt were present, the basal epithelial cells stained differentially with Toluidine blue, and extended lobed protrusions proximally into the stoma, which were associated with interruptions of the basal lamina. 26788025 1 19 theme limbal 407:412 arg1 stroma 414:419 the anterior limbal stroma 394:419 the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche 394:486 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 4 20 theme lobed 1248:1252 arg1 protrusions 1254:1264 lobed protrusions 1248:1264 lobed protrusions 1248:1264 RESULTS In the rabbit limbal cornea, while no palisades of Vogt were present, the basal epithelial cells stained differentially with Toluidine blue, and extended lobed protrusions proximally into the stoma, which were associated with interruptions of the basal lamina. 26788025 4 21 theme blue 1229:1232 arg1 Toluidine 1219:1227 Toluidine blue 1219:1232 Toluidine blue 1219:1232 RESULTS In the rabbit limbal cornea, while no palisades of Vogt were present, the basal epithelial cells stained differentially with Toluidine blue, and extended lobed protrusions proximally into the stoma, which were associated with interruptions of the basal lamina. 26788025 8 22 theme specific 2010:2017 arg1 distribution 1997:2008 a distribution 1995:2008 a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche 1995:2093 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 7 23 theme subjacent 1788:1796 arg1 cells 1810:1814 subjacent mesenchymal cells 1788:1814 subjacent mesenchymal cells 1788:1814 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 2 24 theme limbal 503:508 arg1 tissue 518:523 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue 489:523 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits 489:557 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 4 25 theme rabbit 1101:1106 arg1 cornea 1115:1120 the rabbit limbal cornea 1097:1120 the rabbit limbal cornea 1097:1120 RESULTS In the rabbit limbal cornea, while no palisades of Vogt were present, the basal epithelial cells stained differentially with Toluidine blue, and extended lobed protrusions proximally into the stoma, which were associated with interruptions of the basal lamina. 26788025 5 26 from processes 1364:1372 arg1 stroma 1431:1436 the superficial vascularized stroma 1402:1436 the superficial vascularized stroma 1402:1436 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 4 27 theme epithelial 1174:1183 arg1 cells 1185:1189 the basal epithelial cells 1164:1189 the basal epithelial cells 1164:1189 RESULTS In the rabbit limbal cornea, while no palisades of Vogt were present, the basal epithelial cells stained differentially with Toluidine blue, and extended lobed protrusions proximally into the stoma, which were associated with interruptions of the basal lamina. 26788025 1 28 theme rabbit 346:351 arg1 eyes 353:356 freshly enucleated rabbit eyes 327:356 freshly enucleated rabbit eyes 327:356 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 2 29 theme METHODS 489:495 arg1 tissue 518:523 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue 489:523 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits 489:557 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 0 30 from interactions 28:39 arg1 niche 106:110 the presumptive stem cell niche 80:110 the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus 80:139 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 3 31 used used 905:908 arg2 microscopy 858:867 Immunofluorescence microscopy 839:867 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies 839:899 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 0 32 theme stem 96:99 arg1 niche 106:110 the presumptive stem cell niche 80:110 the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus 80:139 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 6 33 theme cell 1691:1694 arg1 associations 1696:1707 the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations 1664:1707 the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations 1664:1707 From a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures, one (6-C-3) gave a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations. 26788025 1 34 theme mesenchymal-epithelial 173:194 arg1 interactions 201:212 mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions 173:212 mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions 173:212 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 7 35 theme basal 1761:1765 arg1 cells 1778:1782 basal epithelial cells 1761:1782 basal epithelial cells 1761:1782 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 2 36 theme adult 530:534 arg1 rabbits 551:557 adult Japanese white rabbits 530:557 adult Japanese white rabbits 530:557 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 3 37 with microscopy 858:867 arg1 antibodies 890:899 five monoclonal antibodies 874:899 five monoclonal antibodies 874:899 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 3 38 theme sulfation 929:937 arg1 motifs 939:944 specific sulfation motifs 920:944 specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue 920:1083 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 0 39 from composition 65:75 arg1 niche 106:110 the presumptive stem cell niche 80:110 the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus 80:139 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 2 40 theme ultrathin 638:646 arg1 sections 648:655 ultrathin sections 638:655 ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy 638:693 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 8 41 theme putative 2059:2066 arg1 niche 2089:2093 this putative stem/progenitor cell niche 2054:2093 this putative stem/progenitor cell niche 2054:2093 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 0 42 theme presumptive 84:94 arg1 niche 106:110 the presumptive stem cell niche 80:110 the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus 80:139 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 2 43 from microscopy 827:836 arg1 sets 752:755 data sets 747:755 data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy 747:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 2 43 from microscopy 827:836 arg1 images 779:784 up to 1,000 serial images 760:784 up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy 760:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 5 44 theme mesenchymal 1381:1391 arg1 cells 1393:1397 the mesenchymal cells 1377:1397 the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma 1377:1436 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 0 45 theme Mesenchymal-epithelial 0:21 arg1 interactions 28:39 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions 0:39 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions 0:39 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 1 46 theme eye 300:302 arg1 corneas 309:315 transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 275:315 transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 275:315 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 6 47 theme associations 1696:1707 arg1 region 1654:1659 the region 1650:1659 the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations 1650:1707 From a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures, one (6-C-3) gave a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations. 26788025 3 48 theme sulfate 961:967 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 969:986 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 949:986 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 949:986 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 3 49 from cells 1042:1046 arg1 tissue 1078:1083 cartilage tissue 1068:1083 cartilage tissue 1068:1083 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 2 50 theme electron 675:682 arg1 microscopy 684:693 transmission electron microscopy 662:693 transmission electron microscopy 662:693 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 5 51 with contact 1452:1458 arg1 cells 1503:1507 basal epithelial cells 1486:1507 basal epithelial cells 1486:1507 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 5 51 with contact 1452:1458 arg1 lamina 1475:1480 the basal lamina 1465:1480 the basal lamina 1465:1480 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 5 52 theme Elongate 1355:1362 arg1 processes 1364:1372 Elongate processes 1355:1372 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma 1355:1436 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 0 53 theme proteoglycan 45:56 arg1 composition 65:75 proteoglycan matrix composition 45:75 proteoglycan matrix composition 45:75 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 7 54 theme human 1894:1898 arg1 niche 1910:1914 the human stem cell niche 1890:1914 the human stem cell niche 1890:1914 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 5 55 from stroma 1431:1436 arg1 processes 1364:1372 Elongate processes 1355:1372 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma 1355:1436 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 8 56 from epitope 1936:1942 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1967:1984 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 1947:1984 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 1947:1984 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 8 57 theme connective 2026:2035 arg1 matrix 2044:2049 the connective tissue matrix 2022:2049 the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche 2022:2093 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 2 58 theme scanning 809:816 arg1 microscopy 827:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 5 59 theme direct 1445:1450 arg1 contact 1452:1458 direct contact 1445:1458 direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells 1445:1507 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 6 60 theme antibodies 1526:1535 arg1 panel 1517:1521 a panel 1515:1521 a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures 1515:1598 From a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures, one (6-C-3) gave a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations. 26788025 3 61 with association 1014:1024 arg1 matrix 1058:1063 their matrix 1052:1063 their matrix in cartilage tissue 1052:1083 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 3 61 with association 1014:1024 arg1 cells 1042:1046 progenitor cells 1031:1046 progenitor cells 1031:1046 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 3 62 theme progenitor 1031:1040 arg1 cells 1042:1046 progenitor cells 1031:1046 progenitor cells 1031:1046 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 2 63 theme block 798:802 arg1 microscopy 827:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 1 64 theme stem 256:259 arg1 niche 266:270 the limbal stem cell niche 245:270 the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 245:315 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 2 65 from rabbits 551:557 arg1 tissue 518:523 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue 489:523 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits 489:557 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 5 66 theme superficial 1406:1416 arg1 stroma 1431:1436 the superficial vascularized stroma 1402:1436 the superficial vascularized stroma 1402:1436 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 6 67 dep native 1552:1557 arg1 sulfated 1560:1567 sulfated 1560:1567 sulfated 1560:1567 From a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures, one (6-C-3) gave a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations. 26788025 4 68 theme limbal 1108:1113 arg1 cornea 1115:1120 the rabbit limbal cornea 1097:1120 the rabbit limbal cornea 1097:1120 RESULTS In the rabbit limbal cornea, while no palisades of Vogt were present, the basal epithelial cells stained differentially with Toluidine blue, and extended lobed protrusions proximally into the stoma, which were associated with interruptions of the basal lamina. 26788025 1 69 theme transplant-expired 275:292 arg1 corneas 309:315 transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 275:315 transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 275:315 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 7 70 located observed 1878:1885 arg2 those 1857:1861 those 1857:1861 those 1857:1861 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 7 70 located observed 1878:1885 arg1 niche 1910:1914 the human stem cell niche 1890:1914 the human stem cell niche 1890:1914 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 2 71 theme semithin 588:595 arg1 sections 603:610 semithin resin sections 588:610 semithin resin sections with light microscopy 588:632 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 6 72 theme chondroitin 1569:1579 arg1 sulfate 1581:1587 chondroitin sulfate 1569:1587 native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures 1552:1598 From a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures, one (6-C-3) gave a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations. 26788025 4 73 theme basal 1341:1345 arg1 lamina 1347:1352 the basal lamina 1337:1352 the basal lamina 1337:1352 RESULTS In the rabbit limbal cornea, while no palisades of Vogt were present, the basal epithelial cells stained differentially with Toluidine blue, and extended lobed protrusions proximally into the stoma, which were associated with interruptions of the basal lamina. 26788025 8 74 theme sulfation 1926:1934 arg1 epitope 1936:1942 A native sulfation epitope 1917:1942 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 1917:1984 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 5 75 theme epithelial 1492:1501 arg1 cells 1503:1507 basal epithelial cells 1486:1507 basal epithelial cells 1486:1507 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 1 76 theme cell 196:199 arg1 interactions 201:212 mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions 173:212 mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions 173:212 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 7 77 theme corneal 1830:1836 arg1 limbus 1838:1843 the rabbit corneal limbus 1819:1843 the rabbit corneal limbus 1819:1843 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 4 78 theme basal 1168:1172 arg1 cells 1185:1189 the basal epithelial cells 1164:1189 the basal epithelial cells 1164:1189 RESULTS In the rabbit limbal cornea, while no palisades of Vogt were present, the basal epithelial cells stained differentially with Toluidine blue, and extended lobed protrusions proximally into the stoma, which were associated with interruptions of the basal lamina. 26788025 8 79 theme tissue 2037:2042 arg1 matrix 2044:2049 the connective tissue matrix 2022:2049 the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche 2022:2093 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 1 80 theme stem 472:475 arg1 niche 482:486 the stem cell niche 468:486 the stem cell niche 468:486 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 2 81 with sections 603:610 arg1 microscopy 623:632 light microscopy 617:632 light microscopy 617:632 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 2 82 theme light 617:621 arg1 microscopy 623:632 light microscopy 617:632 light microscopy 617:632 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 3 83 theme cartilage 1068:1076 arg1 tissue 1078:1083 cartilage tissue 1068:1083 cartilage tissue 1068:1083 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 0 84 theme limbus 134:139 arg1 niche 106:110 the presumptive stem cell niche 80:110 the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus 80:139 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 5 85 theme basal 1469:1473 arg1 lamina 1475:1480 the basal lamina 1465:1480 the basal lamina 1465:1480 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 2 86 theme serial 772:777 arg1 images 779:784 up to 1,000 serial images 760:784 up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy 760:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 1 87 from niche 266:270 arg1 corneas 309:315 transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 275:315 transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 275:315 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 1 88 theme anterior 398:405 arg1 stroma 414:419 the anterior limbal stroma 394:419 the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche 394:486 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 2 89 theme Japanese 536:543 arg1 rabbits 551:557 adult Japanese white rabbits 530:557 adult Japanese white rabbits 530:557 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 2 90 theme 3D 722:723 arg1 reconstructions 726:740 three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions 703:740 three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy 703:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 6 91 theme positive 1620:1627 arg1 signal 1629:1634 a positive signal 1618:1634 a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations 1618:1707 From a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures, one (6-C-3) gave a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations. 26788025 8 92 theme sulfate 1959:1965 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1967:1984 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 1947:1984 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 1947:1984 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 2 93 theme three-dimensional 703:719 arg1 reconstructions 726:740 three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions 703:740 three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy 703:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 3 94 theme monoclonal 879:888 arg1 antibodies 890:899 five monoclonal antibodies 874:899 five monoclonal antibodies 874:899 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 2 95 theme data 747:750 arg1 sets 752:755 data sets 747:755 data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy 747:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 2 95 theme data 747:750 arg1 images 779:784 up to 1,000 serial images 760:784 up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy 760:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 8 96 theme niche 2089:2093 arg1 matrix 2044:2049 the connective tissue matrix 2022:2049 the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche 2022:2093 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 2 97 with sections 648:655 arg1 microscopy 684:693 transmission electron microscopy 662:693 transmission electron microscopy 662:693 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 7 98 theme mesenchymal 1798:1808 arg1 cells 1810:1814 subjacent mesenchymal cells 1788:1814 subjacent mesenchymal cells 1788:1814 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 2 99 theme Fresh 497:501 arg1 tissue 518:523 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue 489:523 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits 489:557 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 3 100 from motifs 939:944 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 969:986 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 949:986 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 949:986 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 7 101 dep CONCLUSIONS 1710:1720 arg1 showed 1733:1738 showed 1733:1738 showed 1733:1738 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 0 102 theme cell 101:104 arg1 niche 106:110 the presumptive stem cell niche 80:110 the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus 80:139 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 8 103 theme chondroitin 1947:1957 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 1967:1984 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 1947:1984 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 1947:1984 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 2 104 theme transmission 662:673 arg1 microscopy 684:693 transmission electron microscopy 662:693 transmission electron microscopy 662:693 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 3 105 theme Immunofluorescence 839:856 arg1 microscopy 858:867 Immunofluorescence microscopy 839:867 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies 839:899 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 6 106 theme mesenchymal-epithelial 1668:1689 arg1 associations 1696:1707 the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations 1664:1707 the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations 1664:1707 From a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures, one (6-C-3) gave a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations. 26788025 7 107 theme epithelial 1767:1776 arg1 cells 1778:1782 basal epithelial cells 1761:1782 basal epithelial cells 1761:1782 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 0 108 theme rabbit 119:124 arg1 limbus 134:139 the rabbit corneal limbus 115:139 the rabbit corneal limbus 115:139 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 1 109 theme matrix 374:379 arg1 molecules 381:389 matrix molecules 374:389 matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche 374:486 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 2 110 theme corneal 510:516 arg1 tissue 518:523 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue 489:523 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits 489:557 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 8 111 theme stem/progenitor 2068:2082 arg1 niche 2089:2093 this putative stem/progenitor cell niche 2054:2093 this putative stem/progenitor cell niche 2054:2093 A native sulfation epitope in chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans exhibits a distribution specific to the connective tissue matrix of this putative stem/progenitor cell niche. 26788025 0 112 theme cell 23:26 arg1 interactions 28:39 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions 0:39 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions 0:39 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 3 113 theme specific 920:927 arg1 motifs 939:944 specific sulfation motifs 920:944 specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue 920:1083 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 5 114 from cells 1393:1397 arg1 stroma 1431:1436 the superficial vascularized stroma 1402:1436 the superficial vascularized stroma 1402:1436 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 1 115 theme bank 304:307 arg1 corneas 309:315 transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 275:315 transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 275:315 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 6 116 theme restricted 1636:1645 arg1 signal 1629:1634 a positive signal 1618:1634 a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations 1618:1707 From a panel of antibodies that recognize native, sulfated chondroitin sulfate structures, one (6-C-3) gave a positive signal restricted to the region of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell associations. 26788025 1 117 contain have 432:435 arg2 potential 441:449 the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche 437:486 the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche 437:486 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 1 117 contain have 432:435 arg1 stroma 414:419 the anterior limbal stroma 394:419 the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche 394:486 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 0 118 theme matrix 58:63 arg1 composition 65:75 proteoglycan matrix composition 45:75 proteoglycan matrix composition 45:75 Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions and proteoglycan matrix composition in the presumptive stem cell niche of the rabbit corneal limbus. 26788025 3 119 theme chondroitin 949:959 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 969:986 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 949:986 chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans 949:986 Immunofluorescence microscopy with five monoclonal antibodies was used to detect specific sulfation motifs on chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, previously identified in association with progenitor cells and their matrix in cartilage tissue. 26788025 2 120 from sets 752:755 arg1 reconstructions 726:740 three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions 703:740 three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy 703:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 2 120 from sets 752:755 arg1 microscopy 827:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 5 121 theme vascularized 1418:1429 arg1 stroma 1431:1436 the superficial vascularized stroma 1402:1436 the superficial vascularized stroma 1402:1436 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 2 122 dep 1,000 766:770 arg1 to 763:764 to 763:764 to 763:764 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 1 123 theme enucleated 335:344 arg1 eyes 353:356 freshly enucleated rabbit eyes 327:356 freshly enucleated rabbit eyes 327:356 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 7 124 theme cell 1905:1908 arg1 niche 1910:1914 the human stem cell niche 1890:1914 the human stem cell niche 1890:1914 CONCLUSIONS This study showed interactions between basal epithelial cells and subjacent mesenchymal cells in the rabbit corneal limbus, similar to those that have been observed in the human stem cell niche. 26788025 2 125 theme face 804:807 arg1 microscopy 827:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 5 126 theme cells 1393:1397 arg1 processes 1364:1372 Elongate processes 1355:1372 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma 1355:1436 Elongate processes of the mesenchymal cells in the superficial vascularized stroma formed direct contact with the basal lamina and basal epithelial cells. 26788025 1 127 theme limbal 249:254 arg1 niche 266:270 the limbal stem cell niche 245:270 the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 245:315 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 2 128 theme serial 791:796 arg1 microscopy 827:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 serial block face scanning electron microscopy 791:836 METHODS Fresh limbal corneal tissue from adult Japanese white rabbits was obtained and examined in semithin resin sections with light microscopy, in ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy, and in three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from data sets of up to 1,000 serial images from serial block face scanning electron microscopy. 26788025 1 129 from molecules 381:389 arg1 stroma 414:419 the anterior limbal stroma 394:419 the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche 394:486 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 26788025 1 130 theme cell 261:264 arg1 niche 266:270 the limbal stem cell niche 245:270 the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas 245:315 PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, similar to those described in the limbal stem cell niche in transplant-expired human eye bank corneas, exist in freshly enucleated rabbit eyes and to identify matrix molecules in the anterior limbal stroma that might have the potential to help maintain the stem cell niche. 24466331 2 0 theme fermentation 526:537 arg1 acid 502:505 propionic acid 492:505 propionic acid (PPA) 492:511 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 0 theme fermentation 526:537 arg1 product 539:545 a metabolic fermentation product 514:545 a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria 514:565 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 8 1 theme anxiety 1439:1445 arg1 behavior 1447:1454 anxiety behavior 1439:1454 anxiety behavior 1439:1454 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 0 2 theme dimorphic 157:165 arg1 manner 167:172 a sexually dimorphic manner 146:172 a sexually dimorphic manner 146:172 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, alters development and behavior in adolescent rats in a sexually dimorphic manner. 24466331 1 3 theme system 242:247 arg1 function 249:256 immune system function 235:256 immune system function 235:256 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 7 4 theme sex-specific 1288:1299 arg1 manner 1301:1306 a sex-specific manner 1286:1306 a sex-specific manner 1286:1306 Prenatal and postnatal treatments altered behavior in a sex-specific manner. 24466331 11 5 theme similar 1904:1910 arg1 rats 1899:1902 adolescent rats 1888:1902 adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders 1888:1973 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 5 6 from delays 1092:1097 arg1 opening 1106:1112 eye opening 1102:1112 eye opening 1102:1112 Physical milestones and reflexes were monitored in early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening. 24466331 10 7 theme double 1562:1567 arg1 hypothesis 1573:1582 the double hit hypothesis 1558:1582 the double hit hypothesis 1558:1582 Evidence for the double hit hypothesis was seen as females receiving a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) displayed increased repetitive behavior in the open-field. 24466331 2 8 theme bacteria 558:565 arg1 acid 502:505 propionic acid 492:505 propionic acid (PPA) 492:511 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 8 theme bacteria 558:565 arg1 product 539:545 a metabolic fermentation product 514:545 a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria 514:565 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 3 9 from LPS 796:798 arg1 days 783:786 gestation days G12-16 773:793 gestation days G12-16 773:793 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 3 9 from LPS 796:798 arg1 G15-16 814:819 G15-16 814:819 G15-16 814:819 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 4 10 theme postnatal 969:977 arg1 days 979:982 postnatal days 969:982 postnatal days 969:982 Male and female offspring were injected with PPA (500 mg/kg) or vehicle twice a day, every second day from postnatal days (P) 10-18. 24466331 8 11 from females 1388:1394 arg1 open-field 1364:1373 open-field 1364:1373 open-field 1364:1373 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 8 11 from females 1388:1394 arg1 centre 1350:1355 the centre 1346:1355 the centre of the open-field in males and females 1346:1394 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 1 12 contain have 262:265 arg1 Alterations 175:185 Alterations 175:185 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function 175:256 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 1 12 contain have 262:265 arg2 role 269:272 a role 267:272 a role 267:272 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 9 13 theme Prenatal 1483:1490 arg1 LPS 1492:1494 Prenatal LPS 1483:1494 Prenatal LPS 1483:1494 Prenatal LPS did not significantly influence those behaviors. 24466331 3 14 theme Pregnant 684:691 arg1 rats 704:707 Pregnant Long-Evans rats 684:707 Pregnant Long-Evans rats 684:707 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 8 15 from males 1378:1382 arg1 open-field 1364:1373 open-field 1364:1373 open-field 1364:1373 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 8 15 from males 1378:1382 arg1 centre 1350:1355 the centre 1346:1355 the centre of the open-field in males and females 1346:1394 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 8 16 from open-field 1364:1373 arg1 females 1388:1394 females 1388:1394 females 1388:1394 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 8 16 from open-field 1364:1373 arg1 males 1378:1382 males 1378:1382 males 1378:1382 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 2 17 theme propionic 492:500 arg1 PPA 508:510 PPA 508:510 PPA 508:510 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 17 theme propionic 492:500 arg1 product 539:545 a metabolic fermentation product 514:545 a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria 514:565 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 17 theme propionic 492:500 arg1 acid 502:505 propionic acid 492:505 propionic acid (PPA) 492:511 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 17 theme propionic 492:500 arg1 acid 486:489 the short chain fatty acid 464:489 the short chain fatty acid 464:489 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 18 theme acid 486:489 arg1 administration 395:408 prenatal and early life administration 371:408 prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, 371:566 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 11 19 theme neurodevelopmental 1946:1963 arg1 disorders 1965:1973 other neurodevelopmental disorders 1940:1973 other neurodevelopmental disorders 1940:1973 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 11 20 theme adolescent 1888:1897 arg1 rats 1899:1902 adolescent rats 1888:1902 adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders 1888:1973 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 4 21 dep Male 862:865 arg1 offspring 878:886 offspring 878:886 offspring 878:886 Male and female offspring were injected with PPA (500 mg/kg) or vehicle twice a day, every second day from postnatal days (P) 10-18. 24466331 3 22 theme gestation 773:781 arg1 days 783:786 gestation days G12-16 773:793 gestation days G12-16 773:793 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 11 23 from behavior 1876:1883 arg1 rats 1899:1902 adolescent rats 1888:1902 adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders 1888:1973 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 10 24 theme PPA 1630:1632 arg1 hit 1623:1625 a double hit 1614:1625 a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) 1614:1657 Evidence for the double hit hypothesis was seen as females receiving a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) displayed increased repetitive behavior in the open-field. 24466331 0 25 theme enteric 56:62 arg1 metabolite 64:73 the enteric metabolite 52:73 the enteric metabolite 52:73 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, alters development and behavior in adolescent rats in a sexually dimorphic manner. 24466331 0 25 theme enteric 56:62 arg1 acid 86:89 propionic acid 76:89 propionic acid 76:89 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, alters development and behavior in adolescent rats in a sexually dimorphic manner. 24466331 1 26 theme spectrum 303:310 arg1 ASD 323:325 ASD 323:325 ASD 323:325 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 1 26 theme spectrum 303:310 arg1 disorders 312:320 autism spectrum disorders 296:320 autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 296:326 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 3 27 with day 745:747 arg1 control 833:839 vehicle control 825:839 vehicle control 825:839 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 3 27 with day 745:747 arg1 LPS 796:798 LPS 796:798 LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16 796:819 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 3 27 with day 745:747 arg1 µg/kg 804:808 50 µg/kg 801:808 50 µg/kg 801:808 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 3 27 with day 745:747 arg1 PPA 754:756 PPA 754:756 PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16 754:793 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 3 27 with day 745:747 arg1 mg/kg 763:767 500 mg/kg 759:767 500 mg/kg 759:767 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 8 28 theme Prenatal 1309:1316 arg1 PPA 1318:1320 Prenatal PPA 1309:1320 Prenatal PPA 1309:1320 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 2 29 theme adolescent 646:655 arg1 offspring 673:681 adolescent male and female offspring 646:681 adolescent male and female offspring 646:681 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 5 30 theme inducing 1083:1090 arg1 delays 1092:1097 prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays 1062:1097 prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening 1062:1112 Physical milestones and reflexes were monitored in early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening. 24466331 2 31 theme chain 474:478 arg1 acid 486:489 the short chain fatty acid 464:489 the short chain fatty acid 464:489 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 31 theme chain 474:478 arg1 acid 502:505 propionic acid 492:505 propionic acid (PPA) 492:511 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 11 32 theme bacteria 1796:1803 arg1 metabolism 1805:1814 enteric bacteria metabolism 1788:1814 enteric bacteria metabolism 1788:1814 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 2 33 theme developmental 571:583 arg1 milestones 585:594 developmental milestones 571:594 developmental milestones 571:594 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 11 34 from development 1860:1870 arg1 rats 1899:1902 adolescent rats 1888:1902 adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders 1888:1973 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 8 35 from EPM 1463:1465 arg1 rats 1477:1480 female rats 1470:1480 female rats 1470:1480 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 2 36 theme lipopolysaccharide 413:430 arg1 administration 395:408 prenatal and early life administration 371:408 prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, 371:566 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 0 37 theme Pre- 0:3 arg1 exposure 18:25 Pre- and neonatal exposure 0:25 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, 0:90 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, alters development and behavior in adolescent rats in a sexually dimorphic manner. 24466331 2 38 theme administration 395:408 arg1 behavior 634:641 anxiety-like behavior 621:641 anxiety-like behavior 621:641 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 38 theme administration 395:408 arg1 effects 360:366 the effects 356:366 the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones 356:594 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 38 theme administration 395:408 arg1 activity 607:614 locomotor activity 597:614 locomotor activity 597:614 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 3 39 from PPA 754:756 arg1 days 783:786 gestation days G12-16 773:793 gestation days G12-16 773:793 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 3 39 from PPA 754:756 arg1 G15-16 814:819 G15-16 814:819 G15-16 814:819 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 2 40 theme early 384:388 arg1 administration 395:408 prenatal and early life administration 371:408 prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, 371:566 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 0 41 theme neonatal 9:16 arg1 exposure 18:25 Pre- and neonatal exposure 0:25 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, 0:90 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, alters development and behavior in adolescent rats in a sexually dimorphic manner. 24466331 8 42 theme open-field 1364:1373 arg1 centre 1350:1355 the centre 1346:1355 the centre of the open-field in males and females 1346:1394 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 2 43 theme prenatal 371:378 arg1 administration 395:408 prenatal and early life administration 371:408 prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, 371:566 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 5 44 with life 1052:1055 arg1 delays 1092:1097 prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays 1062:1097 prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening 1062:1112 Physical milestones and reflexes were monitored in early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening. 24466331 8 45 from spent 1337:1341 arg1 centre 1350:1355 the centre 1346:1355 the centre of the open-field in males and females 1346:1394 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 11 46 theme other 1940:1944 arg1 disorders 1965:1973 other neurodevelopmental disorders 1940:1973 other neurodevelopmental disorders 1940:1973 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 2 47 from effects 360:366 arg1 milestones 585:594 developmental milestones 571:594 developmental milestones 571:594 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 3 48 from day 745:747 arg1 G12-16 844:849 G12-16 844:849 G12-16 844:849 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 3 48 from day 745:747 arg1 G15-16 854:859 G15-16 854:859 G15-16 854:859 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 10 49 theme repetitive 1679:1688 arg1 behavior 1690:1697 increased repetitive behavior 1669:1697 increased repetitive behavior 1669:1697 Evidence for the double hit hypothesis was seen as females receiving a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) displayed increased repetitive behavior in the open-field. 24466331 8 50 theme prenatal 1402:1409 arg1 PPA 1425:1427 prenatal and postnatal PPA 1402:1427 prenatal and postnatal PPA 1402:1427 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 2 51 theme current 333:339 arg1 study 341:345 The current study 329:345 The current study 329:345 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 1 52 theme microbiome 217:226 arg1 composition 194:204 the composition 190:204 the composition of the gut microbiome 190:226 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 8 53 theme postnatal 1415:1423 arg1 PPA 1425:1427 prenatal and postnatal PPA 1402:1427 prenatal and postnatal PPA 1402:1427 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 6 54 theme Locomotor 1115:1123 arg1 activity 1125:1132 Locomotor activity 1115:1132 Locomotor activity 1115:1132 Locomotor activity and anxiety were assessed in adolescence (P40-42) in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field. 24466331 1 55 theme immune 235:240 arg1 function 249:256 immune system function 235:256 immune system function 235:256 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 2 56 theme metabolic 516:524 arg1 acid 502:505 propionic acid 492:505 propionic acid (PPA) 492:511 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 56 theme metabolic 516:524 arg1 product 539:545 a metabolic fermentation product 514:545 a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria 514:565 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 10 57 theme hit 1569:1571 arg1 hypothesis 1573:1582 the double hit hypothesis 1558:1582 the double hit hypothesis 1558:1582 Evidence for the double hit hypothesis was seen as females receiving a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) displayed increased repetitive behavior in the open-field. 24466331 5 58 theme early 1046:1050 arg1 life 1052:1055 early life 1046:1055 early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening 1046:1112 Physical milestones and reflexes were monitored in early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening. 24466331 7 59 theme postnatal 1245:1253 arg1 treatments 1255:1264 Prenatal and postnatal treatments 1232:1264 Prenatal and postnatal treatments 1232:1264 Prenatal and postnatal treatments altered behavior in a sex-specific manner. 24466331 11 60 theme metabolism 1805:1814 arg1 PPA 1824:1826 PPA 1824:1826 PPA 1824:1826 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 11 60 theme metabolism 1805:1814 arg1 by-products 1773:1783 by-products 1773:1783 by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA 1773:1826 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 2 61 theme enteric 550:556 arg1 bacteria 558:565 enteric bacteria 550:565 enteric bacteria 550:565 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 7 62 theme Prenatal 1232:1239 arg1 treatments 1255:1264 Prenatal and postnatal treatments 1232:1264 Prenatal and postnatal treatments 1232:1264 Prenatal and postnatal treatments altered behavior in a sex-specific manner. 24466331 4 63 from days 979:982 arg1 day 960:962 every second day 947:962 every second day from postnatal days 947:982 Male and female offspring were injected with PPA (500 mg/kg) or vehicle twice a day, every second day from postnatal days (P) 10-18. 24466331 4 63 from days 979:982 arg1 day 942:944 a day 940:944 a day 940:944 Male and female offspring were injected with PPA (500 mg/kg) or vehicle twice a day, every second day from postnatal days (P) 10-18. 24466331 4 64 theme second 953:958 arg1 day 960:962 every second day 947:962 every second day from postnatal days 947:982 Male and female offspring were injected with PPA (500 mg/kg) or vehicle twice a day, every second day from postnatal days (P) 10-18. 24466331 4 64 theme second 953:958 arg1 day 942:944 a day 940:944 a day 940:944 Male and female offspring were injected with PPA (500 mg/kg) or vehicle twice a day, every second day from postnatal days (P) 10-18. 24466331 2 65 from behavior 634:641 arg1 milestones 585:594 developmental milestones 571:594 developmental milestones 571:594 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 3 66 theme Long-Evans 693:702 arg1 rats 704:707 Pregnant Long-Evans rats 684:707 Pregnant Long-Evans rats 684:707 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 0 67 theme adolescent 127:136 arg1 rats 138:141 adolescent rats 127:141 adolescent rats 127:141 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, alters development and behavior in adolescent rats in a sexually dimorphic manner. 24466331 10 68 theme double 1616:1621 arg1 hit 1623:1625 a double hit 1614:1625 a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) 1614:1657 Evidence for the double hit hypothesis was seen as females receiving a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) displayed increased repetitive behavior in the open-field. 24466331 10 69 dep PPA 1630:1632 arg1 postnatal 1648:1656 postnatal 1648:1656 postnatal 1648:1656 Evidence for the double hit hypothesis was seen as females receiving a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) displayed increased repetitive behavior in the open-field. 24466331 10 69 dep PPA 1630:1632 arg1 prenatal 1635:1642 prenatal 1635:1642 prenatal 1635:1642 Evidence for the double hit hypothesis was seen as females receiving a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) displayed increased repetitive behavior in the open-field. 24466331 2 70 theme fatty 480:484 arg1 acid 486:489 the short chain fatty acid 464:489 the short chain fatty acid 464:489 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 70 theme fatty 480:484 arg1 acid 502:505 propionic acid 492:505 propionic acid (PPA) 492:511 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 1 71 theme autism 296:301 arg1 ASD 323:325 ASD 323:325 ASD 323:325 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 1 71 theme autism 296:301 arg1 disorders 312:320 autism spectrum disorders 296:320 autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 296:326 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 0 72 from development 99:109 arg1 rats 138:141 adolescent rats 127:141 adolescent rats 127:141 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, alters development and behavior in adolescent rats in a sexually dimorphic manner. 24466331 2 73 theme anxiety-like 621:632 arg1 behavior 634:641 anxiety-like behavior 621:641 anxiety-like behavior 621:641 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 5 74 theme eye 1102:1104 arg1 opening 1106:1112 eye opening 1102:1112 eye opening 1102:1112 Physical milestones and reflexes were monitored in early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening. 24466331 11 75 theme enteric 1788:1794 arg1 bacteria 1796:1803 enteric bacteria 1788:1803 enteric bacteria metabolism 1788:1814 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 2 76 theme female 666:671 arg1 offspring 673:681 adolescent male and female offspring 646:681 adolescent male and female offspring 646:681 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 1 77 from Alterations 175:185 arg1 function 249:256 immune system function 235:256 immune system function 235:256 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 1 77 from Alterations 175:185 arg1 composition 194:204 the composition 190:204 the composition of the gut microbiome 190:226 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 11 78 located observed 1920:1927 arg1 ASD 1932:1934 ASD 1932:1934 ASD 1932:1934 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 11 78 located observed 1920:1927 arg1 disorders 1965:1973 other neurodevelopmental disorders 1940:1973 other neurodevelopmental disorders 1940:1973 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 11 78 located observed 1920:1927 arg2 that 1915:1918 that 1915:1918 that 1915:1918 These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 24466331 2 79 theme mimetic 451:457 arg1 administration 395:408 prenatal and early life administration 371:408 prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, 371:566 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 80 theme male 657:660 arg1 offspring 673:681 adolescent male and female offspring 646:681 adolescent male and female offspring 646:681 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 5 81 theme LPS 1079:1081 arg1 delays 1092:1097 prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays 1062:1097 prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening 1062:1112 Physical milestones and reflexes were monitored in early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening. 24466331 0 82 theme propionic 76:84 arg1 metabolite 64:73 the enteric metabolite 52:73 the enteric metabolite 52:73 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, alters development and behavior in adolescent rats in a sexually dimorphic manner. 24466331 0 82 theme propionic 76:84 arg1 acid 86:89 propionic acid 76:89 propionic acid 76:89 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, alters development and behavior in adolescent rats in a sexually dimorphic manner. 24466331 1 83 theme disorders 312:320 arg1 development 281:291 the development 277:291 the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 277:326 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 8 84 theme time 1332:1335 arg1 spent 1337:1341 time spent 1332:1341 time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females 1332:1394 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 2 85 from activity 607:614 arg1 milestones 585:594 developmental milestones 571:594 developmental milestones 571:594 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 86 theme short 468:472 arg1 acid 486:489 the short chain fatty acid 464:489 the short chain fatty acid 464:489 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 2 86 theme short 468:472 arg1 acid 502:505 propionic acid 492:505 propionic acid (PPA) 492:511 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 3 87 dep days 783:786 arg1 G12-16 788:793 G12-16 788:793 G12-16 788:793 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 1 88 theme gut 213:215 arg1 microbiome 217:226 the gut microbiome 209:226 the gut microbiome 209:226 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 24466331 2 89 theme locomotor 597:605 arg1 activity 607:614 locomotor activity 597:614 locomotor activity 597:614 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 3 90 theme vehicle 825:831 arg1 control 833:839 vehicle control 825:839 vehicle control 825:839 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 3 91 from control 833:839 arg1 days 783:786 gestation days G12-16 773:793 gestation days G12-16 773:793 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 3 91 from control 833:839 arg1 G15-16 814:819 G15-16 814:819 G15-16 814:819 Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 µg/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. 24466331 2 92 theme life 390:393 arg1 administration 395:408 prenatal and early life administration 371:408 prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, 371:566 The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. 24466331 8 93 from centre 1350:1355 arg1 females 1388:1394 females 1388:1394 females 1388:1394 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 8 93 from centre 1350:1355 arg1 males 1378:1382 males 1378:1382 males 1378:1382 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 6 94 from adolescence 1163:1173 arg1 EPM 1211:1213 EPM 1211:1213 EPM 1211:1213 Locomotor activity and anxiety were assessed in adolescence (P40-42) in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field. 24466331 6 94 from adolescence 1163:1173 arg1 open-field 1220:1229 open-field 1220:1229 open-field 1220:1229 Locomotor activity and anxiety were assessed in adolescence (P40-42) in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field. 24466331 6 94 from adolescence 1163:1173 arg1 maze 1205:1208 maze 1205:1208 maze 1205:1208 Locomotor activity and anxiety were assessed in adolescence (P40-42) in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field. 24466331 6 94 from adolescence 1163:1173 arg1 elevated 1191:1198 elevated 1191:1198 elevated 1191:1198 Locomotor activity and anxiety were assessed in adolescence (P40-42) in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field. 24466331 5 95 theme PPA 1071:1073 arg1 delays 1092:1097 prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays 1062:1097 prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening 1062:1112 Physical milestones and reflexes were monitored in early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening. 24466331 5 96 theme Physical 995:1002 arg1 milestones 1004:1013 Physical milestones 995:1013 Physical milestones 995:1013 Physical milestones and reflexes were monitored in early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening. 24466331 10 97 theme increased 1669:1677 arg1 behavior 1690:1697 increased repetitive behavior 1669:1697 increased repetitive behavior 1669:1697 Evidence for the double hit hypothesis was seen as females receiving a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) displayed increased repetitive behavior in the open-field. 24466331 8 98 theme female 1470:1475 arg1 rats 1477:1480 female rats 1470:1480 female rats 1470:1480 Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. 24466331 5 99 theme prenatal 1062:1069 arg1 PPA 1071:1073 prenatal PPA 1062:1073 prenatal PPA 1062:1073 Physical milestones and reflexes were monitored in early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening. 24466331 0 100 from behavior 115:122 arg1 rats 138:141 adolescent rats 127:141 adolescent rats 127:141 Pre- and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide or the enteric metabolite, propionic acid, alters development and behavior in adolescent rats in a sexually dimorphic manner. 25252795 4 0 theme PCL 560:562 arg1 infused 564:570 PCL infused 560:570 PCL infused 560:570 The first underwent thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold. 25252795 10 1 theme chain 1350:1354 arg1 reaction 1356:1363 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1316:1363 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation 1316:1412 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation were analyzed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. 25252795 6 2 theme scaffold 773:780 arg1 type 782:785 The second scaffold type 762:785 The second scaffold type 762:785 The second scaffold type was functionalized by dip-coating the PCL scaffold with a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold). 25252795 1 3 theme pulp 250:253 arg1 DPSCs 267:271 DPSCs 267:271 DPSCs 267:271 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 1 3 theme pulp 250:253 arg1 cells 260:264 human dental pulp stem cells 237:264 human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 237:272 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 6 4 theme hyaluronic 856:865 arg1 acid 867:870 hyaluronic acid 856:870 hyaluronic acid 856:870 The second scaffold type was functionalized by dip-coating the PCL scaffold with a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold). 25252795 17 5 theme promising 2332:2340 arg1 results 2342:2348 promising results 2332:2348 promising results 2332:2348 The HT-PCL scaffold showed promising results in terms of promoting cell migration and osteogenic differentiation, which warrants future in vivo studies. 25252795 10 6 theme osteogenic 1387:1396 arg1 differentiation 1398:1412 osteogenic differentiation 1387:1412 osteogenic differentiation 1387:1412 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation were analyzed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. 25252795 1 7 theme cells 260:264 arg1 potential 224:232 the osteogenic potential 209:232 the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds 209:324 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 16 8 theme cell 2264:2267 arg1 source 2269:2274 a possible alternate cell source 2243:2274 a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering 2243:2302 In conclusion, DPSCs could be a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering. 25252795 16 8 theme cell 2264:2267 arg1 DPSCs 2228:2232 DPSCs 2228:2232 DPSCs 2228:2232 In conclusion, DPSCs could be a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering. 25252795 8 9 theme bone-like 1149:1157 arg1 matrix 1173:1178 a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix 1135:1178 a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix 1135:1178 They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. 25252795 8 10 theme osteoblasts-like 1096:1111 arg1 cells 1113:1117 osteoblasts-like cells 1096:1117 osteoblasts-like cells 1096:1117 They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. 25252795 16 11 theme alternate 2254:2262 arg1 source 2269:2274 a possible alternate cell source 2243:2274 a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering 2243:2302 In conclusion, DPSCs could be a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering. 25252795 16 11 theme alternate 2254:2262 arg1 DPSCs 2228:2232 DPSCs 2228:2232 DPSCs 2228:2232 In conclusion, DPSCs could be a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering. 25252795 13 12 theme osteogenic 1742:1751 arg1 differentiation 1753:1767 osteogenic differentiation 1742:1767 osteogenic differentiation 1742:1767 The NSP-PCL and HT-PCL scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation and Ca(2+) deposition after 21 days of cultivation. 25252795 4 13 theme scaffold 598:605 arg1 pores 581:585 the pores 577:585 the pores of the PCL scaffold 577:605 The first underwent thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold. 25252795 11 14 theme scanning 1540:1547 arg1 electron- 1549:1557 scanning electron- 1540:1557 scanning electron- 1540:1557 Cell viability and distribution were assessed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21 by fluorescent-, scanning electron-, and confocal microscopy. 25252795 5 15 theme porous 679:684 arg1 scaffold 751:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 5 15 theme porous 679:684 arg1 morphology 731:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology 664:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold) 664:759 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 0 16 theme stem 153:156 arg1 cells 158:162 human dental pulp stem cells 135:162 human dental pulp stem cells 135:162 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 15 17 theme even 2167:2170 arg1 dispersion 2177:2186 even cell dispersion 2167:2186 even cell dispersion throughout the scaffold 2167:2210 However, only the HT-PCL scaffold was also able to support cell proliferation and cell migration resulting in even cell dispersion throughout the scaffold. 25252795 16 18 theme possible 2245:2252 arg1 source 2269:2274 a possible alternate cell source 2243:2274 a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering 2243:2302 In conclusion, DPSCs could be a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering. 25252795 16 18 theme possible 2245:2252 arg1 DPSCs 2228:2232 DPSCs 2228:2232 DPSCs 2228:2232 In conclusion, DPSCs could be a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering. 25252795 11 19 theme confocal 1564:1571 arg1 microscopy 1573:1582 confocal microscopy 1564:1582 confocal microscopy 1564:1582 Cell viability and distribution were assessed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21 by fluorescent-, scanning electron-, and confocal microscopy. 25252795 5 20 theme variable 644:651 arg1 micro- 653:658 a highly variable micro- 635:658 a highly variable micro- 635:658 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 1 21 from potential 224:232 arg1 scaffolds 316:324 three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds 277:324 three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds 277:324 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 15 22 theme cell 2139:2142 arg1 migration 2144:2152 cell migration 2139:2152 cell migration 2139:2152 However, only the HT-PCL scaffold was also able to support cell proliferation and cell migration resulting in even cell dispersion throughout the scaffold. 25252795 17 23 theme future 2434:2439 arg1 studies 2449:2455 future in vivo studies 2434:2455 future in vivo studies 2434:2455 The HT-PCL scaffold showed promising results in terms of promoting cell migration and osteogenic differentiation, which warrants future in vivo studies. 25252795 13 24 theme NSP-PCL 1704:1710 arg1 scaffolds 1723:1731 The NSP-PCL and HT-PCL scaffolds 1700:1731 The NSP-PCL and HT-PCL scaffolds 1700:1731 The NSP-PCL and HT-PCL scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation and Ca(2+) deposition after 21 days of cultivation. 25252795 5 25 theme isotropic 713:721 arg1 scaffold 751:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 5 25 theme isotropic 713:721 arg1 morphology 731:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology 664:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold) 664:759 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 14 26 theme osteogenic 1988:1997 arg1 differentiation 1999:2013 osteogenic differentiation 1988:2013 osteogenic differentiation 1988:2013 Different gene expressions associated with mature osteoblasts were upregulated in these two scaffold types, suggesting that the methods in which the scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation, depends on functionalization approaches. 25252795 9 27 theme flow 1224:1227 arg1 cytometry 1229:1237 flow cytometry 1224:1237 flow cytometry for CD90(+), CD73(+), CD105(+), and CD14(-) 1224:1281 DPSCs were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry for CD90(+), CD73(+), CD105(+), and CD14(-). 25252795 0 28 theme osteogenic 105:114 arg1 differentiation 116:130 osteogenic differentiation 105:130 osteogenic differentiation 105:130 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 13 29 theme cultivation 1808:1818 arg1 days 1800:1803 21 days 1797:1803 21 days of cultivation 1797:1818 The NSP-PCL and HT-PCL scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation and Ca(2+) deposition after 21 days of cultivation. 25252795 8 30 dep express 1047:1053 arg1 differentiate 1077:1089 differentiate 1077:1089 differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells 1077:1117 They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. 25252795 17 31 theme cell 2372:2375 arg1 migration 2377:2385 cell migration 2372:2385 cell migration 2372:2385 The HT-PCL scaffold showed promising results in terms of promoting cell migration and osteogenic differentiation, which warrants future in vivo studies. 25252795 2 32 theme scaffolds 357:365 arg1 structure 340:348 The backbone structure 327:348 The backbone structure of the scaffolds 327:365 The backbone structure of the scaffolds was manufactured by fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold). 25252795 8 33 theme human 1013:1017 arg1 type 1033:1036 a cell type 1026:1036 a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix 1026:1178 They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. 25252795 8 33 theme human 1013:1017 arg1 DPSCs 1019:1023 1×10(6) human DPSCs 1005:1023 1×10(6) human DPSCs 1005:1023 They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. 25252795 15 34 theme HT-PCL 2075:2080 arg1 able 2100:2103 able 2100:2103 able 2100:2103 However, only the HT-PCL scaffold was also able to support cell proliferation and cell migration resulting in even cell dispersion throughout the scaffold. 25252795 15 34 theme HT-PCL 2075:2080 arg1 scaffold 2082:2089 only the HT-PCL scaffold 2066:2089 only the HT-PCL scaffold 2066:2089 However, only the HT-PCL scaffold was also able to support cell proliferation and cell migration resulting in even cell dispersion throughout the scaffold. 25252795 16 35 theme tissue 2285:2290 arg1 engineering 2292:2302 bone tissue engineering 2280:2302 bone tissue engineering 2280:2302 In conclusion, DPSCs could be a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering. 25252795 2 36 theme PCL 414:416 arg1 scaffold 418:425 PCL scaffold 414:425 PCL scaffold 414:425 The backbone structure of the scaffolds was manufactured by fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold). 25252795 2 36 theme PCL 414:416 arg1 modeling 404:411 fused deposition modeling 387:411 fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold) 387:426 The backbone structure of the scaffolds was manufactured by fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold). 25252795 4 37 theme thermal 524:530 arg1 separation 546:555 thermal induced phase separation 524:555 thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold 524:605 The first underwent thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold. 25252795 14 38 theme mature 1864:1869 arg1 osteoblasts 1871:1881 mature osteoblasts 1864:1881 mature osteoblasts 1864:1881 Different gene expressions associated with mature osteoblasts were upregulated in these two scaffold types, suggesting that the methods in which the scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation, depends on functionalization approaches. 25252795 0 39 theme polycaprolactone 21:36 arg1 scaffolds 38:46 polycaprolactone scaffolds 21:46 polycaprolactone scaffolds 21:46 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 4 40 theme phase 540:544 arg1 separation 546:555 thermal induced phase separation 524:555 thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold 524:605 The first underwent thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold. 25252795 2 41 theme fused 387:391 arg1 scaffold 418:425 PCL scaffold 414:425 PCL scaffold 414:425 The backbone structure of the scaffolds was manufactured by fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold). 25252795 2 41 theme fused 387:391 arg1 modeling 404:411 fused deposition modeling 387:411 fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold) 387:426 The backbone structure of the scaffolds was manufactured by fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold). 25252795 5 42 theme NSP-PCL 743:749 arg1 scaffold 751:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 5 42 theme NSP-PCL 743:749 arg1 morphology 731:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology 664:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold) 664:759 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 12 43 theme relevant 1631:1638 arg1 expression 1645:1654 relevant gene expression 1631:1654 relevant gene expression 1631:1654 The results revealed that the DPSCs expressed relevant gene expression consistent with osteogenic differentiation. 25252795 14 44 theme gene 1831:1834 arg1 expressions 1836:1846 Different gene expressions 1821:1846 Different gene expressions associated with mature osteoblasts 1821:1881 Different gene expressions associated with mature osteoblasts were upregulated in these two scaffold types, suggesting that the methods in which the scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation, depends on functionalization approaches. 25252795 1 45 theme polycaprolactone 293:308 arg1 scaffolds 316:324 three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds 277:324 three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds 277:324 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 10 46 theme real-time 1316:1324 arg1 reaction 1356:1363 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1316:1363 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation 1316:1412 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation were analyzed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. 25252795 0 47 with Functionalization 0:16 arg1 β-TCP 73:77 β-TCP 73:77 β-TCP 73:77 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 0 47 with Functionalization 0:16 arg1 acid 64:67 hyaluronic acid 53:67 hyaluronic acid 53:67 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 1 48 theme osteogenic 213:222 arg1 potential 224:232 the osteogenic potential 209:232 the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds 209:324 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 14 49 theme functionalization 2027:2043 arg1 approaches 2045:2054 functionalization approaches 2027:2054 functionalization approaches 2027:2054 Different gene expressions associated with mature osteoblasts were upregulated in these two scaffold types, suggesting that the methods in which the scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation, depends on functionalization approaches. 25252795 8 50 theme mineralized 1137:1147 arg1 matrix 1173:1178 a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix 1135:1178 a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix 1135:1178 They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. 25252795 6 51 theme β-TCP 876:880 arg1 mixture 845:851 a mixture 843:851 a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold) 843:898 The second scaffold type was functionalized by dip-coating the PCL scaffold with a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold). 25252795 17 52 theme HT-PCL 2309:2314 arg1 scaffold 2316:2323 The HT-PCL scaffold 2305:2323 The HT-PCL scaffold 2305:2323 The HT-PCL scaffold showed promising results in terms of promoting cell migration and osteogenic differentiation, which warrants future in vivo studies. 25252795 2 53 theme backbone 331:338 arg1 structure 340:348 The backbone structure 327:348 The backbone structure of the scaffolds 327:365 The backbone structure of the scaffolds was manufactured by fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold). 25252795 10 54 theme polymerase 1339:1348 arg1 reaction 1356:1363 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1316:1363 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation 1316:1412 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation were analyzed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. 25252795 1 55 theme dental 243:248 arg1 DPSCs 267:271 DPSCs 267:271 DPSCs 267:271 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 1 55 theme dental 243:248 arg1 cells 260:264 human dental pulp stem cells 237:264 human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 237:272 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 6 56 theme acid 867:870 arg1 mixture 845:851 a mixture 843:851 a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold) 843:898 The second scaffold type was functionalized by dip-coating the PCL scaffold with a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold). 25252795 6 57 theme second 766:771 arg1 type 782:785 The second scaffold type 762:785 The second scaffold type 762:785 The second scaffold type was functionalized by dip-coating the PCL scaffold with a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold). 25252795 1 58 theme stem 255:258 arg1 DPSCs 267:271 DPSCs 267:271 DPSCs 267:271 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 1 58 theme stem 255:258 arg1 cells 260:264 human dental pulp stem cells 237:264 human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 237:272 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 8 59 theme bone-related 1055:1066 arg1 markers 1068:1074 bone-related markers 1055:1074 bone-related markers 1055:1074 They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. 25252795 4 60 theme infused 564:570 arg1 separation 546:555 thermal induced phase separation 524:555 thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold 524:605 The first underwent thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold. 25252795 13 61 theme Ca 1773:1774 arg1 deposition 1780:1789 Ca(2+) deposition 1773:1789 Ca(2+) deposition 1773:1789 The NSP-PCL and HT-PCL scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation and Ca(2+) deposition after 21 days of cultivation. 25252795 16 62 theme bone 2280:2283 arg1 engineering 2292:2302 bone tissue engineering 2280:2302 bone tissue engineering 2280:2302 In conclusion, DPSCs could be a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering. 25252795 12 63 with consistent 1656:1665 arg1 differentiation 1683:1697 osteogenic differentiation 1672:1697 osteogenic differentiation 1672:1697 The results revealed that the DPSCs expressed relevant gene expression consistent with osteogenic differentiation. 25252795 11 64 theme Cell 1453:1456 arg1 viability 1458:1466 Cell viability 1453:1466 Cell viability 1453:1466 Cell viability and distribution were assessed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21 by fluorescent-, scanning electron-, and confocal microscopy. 25252795 13 65 theme HT-PCL 1716:1721 arg1 scaffolds 1723:1731 The NSP-PCL and HT-PCL scaffolds 1700:1731 The NSP-PCL and HT-PCL scaffolds 1700:1731 The NSP-PCL and HT-PCL scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation and Ca(2+) deposition after 21 days of cultivation. 25252795 14 66 theme Different 1821:1829 arg1 expressions 1836:1846 Different gene expressions 1821:1846 Different gene expressions associated with mature osteoblasts 1821:1881 Different gene expressions associated with mature osteoblasts were upregulated in these two scaffold types, suggesting that the methods in which the scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation, depends on functionalization approaches. 25252795 14 67 theme scaffold 1913:1920 arg1 types 1922:1926 these two scaffold types 1903:1926 these two scaffold types 1903:1926 Different gene expressions associated with mature osteoblasts were upregulated in these two scaffold types, suggesting that the methods in which the scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation, depends on functionalization approaches. 25252795 8 68 theme extracellular 1159:1171 arg1 matrix 1173:1178 a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix 1135:1178 a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix 1135:1178 They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. 25252795 0 69 theme pulp 148:151 arg1 cells 158:162 human dental pulp stem cells 135:162 human dental pulp stem cells 135:162 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 4 70 theme PCL 594:596 arg1 scaffold 598:605 the PCL scaffold 590:605 the PCL scaffold 590:605 The first underwent thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold. 25252795 0 71 theme cells 158:162 arg1 migration 91:99 migration 91:99 migration 91:99 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 0 71 theme cells 158:162 arg1 differentiation 116:130 osteogenic differentiation 105:130 osteogenic differentiation 105:130 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 17 72 theme osteogenic 2391:2400 arg1 differentiation 2402:2416 osteogenic differentiation 2391:2416 osteogenic differentiation 2391:2416 The HT-PCL scaffold showed promising results in terms of promoting cell migration and osteogenic differentiation, which warrants future in vivo studies. 25252795 7 73 from 10 mm 964:968 arg1 diameter 973:980 diameter 973:980 diameter 973:980 The scaffolds were cylindrical and measured 5 mm in height and 10 mm in diameter. 25252795 15 74 theme cell 2172:2175 arg1 dispersion 2177:2186 even cell dispersion 2167:2186 even cell dispersion throughout the scaffold 2167:2210 However, only the HT-PCL scaffold was also able to support cell proliferation and cell migration resulting in even cell dispersion throughout the scaffold. 25252795 6 75 theme HT-PCL 883:888 arg1 scaffold 890:897 HT-PCL scaffold 883:897 HT-PCL scaffold 883:897 The second scaffold type was functionalized by dip-coating the PCL scaffold with a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold). 25252795 6 75 theme HT-PCL 883:888 arg1 β-TCP 876:880 β-TCP 876:880 β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold) 876:898 The second scaffold type was functionalized by dip-coating the PCL scaffold with a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold). 25252795 5 76 theme nanostructured 664:677 arg1 scaffold 751:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 5 76 theme nanostructured 664:677 arg1 morphology 731:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology 664:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold) 664:759 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 17 77 theme in 2441:2442 arg1 studies 2449:2455 future in vivo studies 2434:2455 future in vivo studies 2434:2455 The HT-PCL scaffold showed promising results in terms of promoting cell migration and osteogenic differentiation, which warrants future in vivo studies. 25252795 5 78 theme tubular 723:729 arg1 scaffold 751:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 5 78 theme tubular 723:729 arg1 morphology 731:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology 664:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold) 664:759 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 5 79 dep porous 679:684 arg1 NSP 687:689 NSP 687:689 NSP 687:689 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 10 80 theme DNA 1284:1286 arg1 assays 1305:1310 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays 1284:1310 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays 1284:1310 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation were analyzed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. 25252795 0 81 theme human 135:139 arg1 cells 158:162 human dental pulp stem cells 135:162 human dental pulp stem cells 135:162 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 7 82 from height 953:958 arg1 diameter 973:980 diameter 973:980 diameter 973:980 The scaffolds were cylindrical and measured 5 mm in height and 10 mm in diameter. 25252795 5 83 theme interconnected 693:706 arg1 scaffold 751:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 NSP-PCL scaffold 743:758 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 5 83 theme interconnected 693:706 arg1 morphology 731:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology 664:740 nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold) 664:759 This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). 25252795 12 84 theme osteogenic 1672:1681 arg1 differentiation 1683:1697 osteogenic differentiation 1672:1697 osteogenic differentiation 1672:1697 The results revealed that the DPSCs expressed relevant gene expression consistent with osteogenic differentiation. 25252795 4 85 theme induced 532:538 arg1 separation 546:555 thermal induced phase separation 524:555 thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold 524:605 The first underwent thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold. 25252795 10 86 theme ALP 1289:1291 arg1 assays 1305:1310 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays 1284:1310 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays 1284:1310 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation were analyzed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. 25252795 10 87 theme Ca 1298:1299 arg1 assays 1305:1310 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays 1284:1310 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays 1284:1310 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation were analyzed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. 25252795 17 88 dep in 2441:2442 arg1 vivo 2444:2447 vivo 2444:2447 vivo 2444:2447 The HT-PCL scaffold showed promising results in terms of promoting cell migration and osteogenic differentiation, which warrants future in vivo studies. 25252795 0 89 theme scaffolds 38:46 arg1 Functionalization 0:16 Functionalization 0:16 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP 0:77 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 2 90 theme deposition 393:402 arg1 scaffold 418:425 PCL scaffold 414:425 PCL scaffold 414:425 The backbone structure of the scaffolds was manufactured by fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold). 25252795 2 90 theme deposition 393:402 arg1 modeling 404:411 fused deposition modeling 387:411 fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold) 387:426 The backbone structure of the scaffolds was manufactured by fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold). 25252795 0 91 theme hyaluronic 53:62 arg1 acid 64:67 hyaluronic acid 53:67 hyaluronic acid 53:67 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 12 92 theme gene 1640:1643 arg1 expression 1645:1654 relevant gene expression 1631:1654 relevant gene expression 1631:1654 The results revealed that the DPSCs expressed relevant gene expression consistent with osteogenic differentiation. 25252795 6 93 theme PCL 825:827 arg1 scaffold 829:836 the PCL scaffold 821:836 the PCL scaffold 821:836 The second scaffold type was functionalized by dip-coating the PCL scaffold with a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold). 25252795 16 94 from source 2269:2274 arg1 conclusion 2216:2225 conclusion 2216:2225 conclusion 2216:2225 In conclusion, DPSCs could be a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering. 25252795 1 95 theme different 283:291 arg1 scaffolds 316:324 three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds 277:324 three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds 277:324 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 10 96 theme quantitative 1326:1337 arg1 reaction 1356:1363 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1316:1363 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation 1316:1412 DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation were analyzed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. 25252795 8 97 theme cell 1028:1031 arg1 type 1033:1036 a cell type 1026:1036 a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix 1026:1178 They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. 25252795 8 97 theme cell 1028:1031 arg1 DPSCs 1019:1023 1×10(6) human DPSCs 1005:1023 1×10(6) human DPSCs 1005:1023 They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. 25252795 0 98 theme dental 141:146 arg1 cells 158:162 human dental pulp stem cells 135:162 human dental pulp stem cells 135:162 Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. 25252795 1 99 theme human 237:241 arg1 DPSCs 267:271 DPSCs 267:271 DPSCs 267:271 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 1 99 theme human 237:241 arg1 cells 260:264 human dental pulp stem cells 237:264 human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 237:272 In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. 25252795 3 100 theme scaffolds 493:501 arg1 two 482:484 two 482:484 two 482:484 The composition and morphology was functionalized in two of the scaffolds. 25252795 3 100 theme scaffolds 493:501 arg1 scaffolds 493:501 the scaffolds 489:501 the scaffolds 489:501 The composition and morphology was functionalized in two of the scaffolds. 25252795 15 101 theme cell 2116:2119 arg1 proliferation 2121:2133 cell proliferation 2116:2133 cell proliferation 2116:2133 However, only the HT-PCL scaffold was also able to support cell proliferation and cell migration resulting in even cell dispersion throughout the scaffold. 24930031 0 0 theme phenotypes 91:100 arg1 induction 68:76 the induction 64:76 the induction of malignant phenotypes in mammary epithelium 64:122 Extracellular matrix stiffness and composition jointly regulate the induction of malignant phenotypes in mammary epithelium. 24930031 1 1 theme epithelium 159:168 arg1 models 134:139 In vitro models 125:139 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium 125:168 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 0 2 theme malignant 81:89 arg1 phenotypes 91:100 malignant phenotypes 81:100 malignant phenotypes 81:100 Extracellular matrix stiffness and composition jointly regulate the induction of malignant phenotypes in mammary epithelium. 24930031 0 3 theme mammary 105:111 arg1 epithelium 113:122 mammary epithelium 105:122 mammary epithelium 105:122 Extracellular matrix stiffness and composition jointly regulate the induction of malignant phenotypes in mammary epithelium. 24930031 4 4 theme basement-membrane 818:834 arg1 ligands 836:842 basement-membrane ligands 818:842 basement-membrane ligands 818:842 We find that, in normal mammary epithelial cells, increasing ECM stiffness alone induces malignant phenotypes but that the effect is completely abrogated when accompanied by an increase in basement-membrane ligands. 24930031 2 5 theme stiffness 291:299 arg1 role 273:276 the role 269:276 the role of increased stiffness in this transformation 269:322 However, the role of increased stiffness in this transformation remains unclear because of difficulties in controlling ECM stiffness, composition and architecture independently. 24930031 2 6 theme ECM 379:381 arg1 stiffness 383:391 ECM stiffness 379:391 ECM stiffness 379:391 However, the role of increased stiffness in this transformation remains unclear because of difficulties in controlling ECM stiffness, composition and architecture independently. 24930031 3 7 theme alginate 535:542 arg1 networks 480:487 interpenetrating networks 463:487 interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate 463:542 Here we demonstrate that interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate can be used to modulate ECM stiffness independently of composition and architecture. 24930031 5 8 theme PI3K 953:956 arg1 pathway 958:964 the PI3K pathway 949:964 the PI3K pathway 949:964 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 5 9 theme composition 896:906 arg1 combination 867:877 the combination 863:877 the combination of stiffness and composition 863:906 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 2 10 theme increased 281:289 arg1 stiffness 291:299 increased stiffness 281:299 increased stiffness 281:299 However, the role of increased stiffness in this transformation remains unclear because of difficulties in controlling ECM stiffness, composition and architecture independently. 24930031 4 11 from increase 806:813 arg1 ligands 836:842 basement-membrane ligands 818:842 basement-membrane ligands 818:842 We find that, in normal mammary epithelial cells, increasing ECM stiffness alone induces malignant phenotypes but that the effect is completely abrogated when accompanied by an increase in basement-membrane ligands. 24930031 4 12 theme normal 646:651 arg1 cells 672:676 normal mammary epithelial cells 646:676 normal mammary epithelial cells 646:676 We find that, in normal mammary epithelial cells, increasing ECM stiffness alone induces malignant phenotypes but that the effect is completely abrogated when accompanied by an increase in basement-membrane ligands. 24930031 1 13 theme increased 186:194 arg1 stiffness 223:231 increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness 186:231 increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes 186:257 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 0 14 theme matrix 14:19 arg1 stiffness 21:29 Extracellular matrix stiffness 0:29 Extracellular matrix stiffness 0:29 Extracellular matrix stiffness and composition jointly regulate the induction of malignant phenotypes in mammary epithelium. 24930031 1 15 theme extracellular 196:208 arg1 ECM 218:220 ECM 218:220 ECM 218:220 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 1 15 theme extracellular 196:208 arg1 matrix 210:215 extracellular matrix 196:215 increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes 186:257 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 0 16 theme Extracellular 0:12 arg1 stiffness 21:29 Extracellular matrix stiffness 0:29 Extracellular matrix stiffness 0:29 Extracellular matrix stiffness and composition jointly regulate the induction of malignant phenotypes in mammary epithelium. 24930031 1 17 theme matrix 210:215 arg1 stiffness 223:231 increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness 186:231 increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes 186:257 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 3 18 theme membrane 515:522 arg1 matrix 524:529 reconstituted basement membrane matrix 492:529 reconstituted basement membrane matrix 492:529 Here we demonstrate that interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate can be used to modulate ECM stiffness independently of composition and architecture. 24930031 5 19 theme stiffness 882:890 arg1 combination 867:877 the combination 863:877 the combination of stiffness and composition 863:906 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 1 20 with stiffness 223:231 arg1 phenotypes 248:257 malignant phenotypes 238:257 malignant phenotypes 238:257 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 5 21 theme normal 1089:1094 arg1 clustering 1110:1119 normal α6β4 integrin clustering 1089:1119 normal α6β4 integrin clustering 1089:1119 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 5 22 from increase 1041:1048 arg1 ligands 1071:1077 basement membrane ligands 1053:1077 basement membrane ligands 1053:1077 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 2 23 from role 273:276 arg1 transformation 309:322 this transformation 304:322 this transformation 304:322 However, the role of increased stiffness in this transformation remains unclear because of difficulties in controlling ECM stiffness, composition and architecture independently. 24930031 3 24 theme matrix 524:529 arg1 networks 480:487 interpenetrating networks 463:487 interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate 463:542 Here we demonstrate that interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate can be used to modulate ECM stiffness independently of composition and architecture. 24930031 5 25 theme α6β4 1096:1099 arg1 clustering 1110:1119 normal α6β4 integrin clustering 1089:1119 normal α6β4 integrin clustering 1089:1119 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 3 26 theme interpenetrating 463:478 arg1 networks 480:487 interpenetrating networks 463:487 interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate 463:542 Here we demonstrate that interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate can be used to modulate ECM stiffness independently of composition and architecture. 24930031 3 27 theme reconstituted 492:504 arg1 matrix 524:529 reconstituted basement membrane matrix 492:529 reconstituted basement membrane matrix 492:529 Here we demonstrate that interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate can be used to modulate ECM stiffness independently of composition and architecture. 24930031 5 28 theme integrin 1101:1108 arg1 clustering 1110:1119 normal α6β4 integrin clustering 1089:1119 normal α6β4 integrin clustering 1089:1119 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 3 29 theme basement 506:513 arg1 matrix 524:529 reconstituted basement membrane matrix 492:529 reconstituted basement membrane matrix 492:529 Here we demonstrate that interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate can be used to modulate ECM stiffness independently of composition and architecture. 24930031 0 30 from induction 68:76 arg1 epithelium 113:122 mammary epithelium 105:122 mammary epithelium 105:122 Extracellular matrix stiffness and composition jointly regulate the induction of malignant phenotypes in mammary epithelium. 24930031 1 31 theme In 125:126 arg1 models 134:139 In vitro models 125:139 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium 125:168 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 1 32 dep In 125:126 arg1 vitro 128:132 vitro 128:132 vitro 128:132 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 5 33 theme membrane 1062:1069 arg1 ligands 1071:1077 basement membrane ligands 1053:1077 basement membrane ligands 1053:1077 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 5 34 theme basement 1053:1060 arg1 ligands 1071:1077 basement membrane ligands 1053:1077 basement membrane ligands 1053:1077 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 4 35 theme malignant 718:726 arg1 phenotypes 728:737 malignant phenotypes 718:737 malignant phenotypes 718:737 We find that, in normal mammary epithelial cells, increasing ECM stiffness alone induces malignant phenotypes but that the effect is completely abrogated when accompanied by an increase in basement-membrane ligands. 24930031 5 36 theme ECM 1015:1017 arg1 stiffness 1019:1027 ECM stiffness 1015:1027 ECM stiffness 1015:1027 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 4 37 theme mammary 653:659 arg1 cells 672:676 normal mammary epithelial cells 646:676 normal mammary epithelial cells 646:676 We find that, in normal mammary epithelial cells, increasing ECM stiffness alone induces malignant phenotypes but that the effect is completely abrogated when accompanied by an increase in basement-membrane ligands. 24930031 3 38 used used 551:554 arg2 networks 480:487 interpenetrating networks 463:487 interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate 463:542 Here we demonstrate that interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate can be used to modulate ECM stiffness independently of composition and architecture. 24930031 3 39 theme ECM 568:570 arg1 stiffness 572:580 ECM stiffness 568:580 ECM stiffness 568:580 Here we demonstrate that interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate can be used to modulate ECM stiffness independently of composition and architecture. 24930031 1 40 theme malignant 238:246 arg1 phenotypes 248:257 malignant phenotypes 238:257 malignant phenotypes 238:257 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 4 41 theme ECM 690:692 arg1 stiffness 694:702 increasing ECM stiffness 679:702 increasing ECM stiffness 679:702 We find that, in normal mammary epithelial cells, increasing ECM stiffness alone induces malignant phenotypes but that the effect is completely abrogated when accompanied by an increase in basement-membrane ligands. 24930031 4 42 theme increasing 679:688 arg1 stiffness 694:702 increasing ECM stiffness 679:702 increasing ECM stiffness 679:702 We find that, in normal mammary epithelial cells, increasing ECM stiffness alone induces malignant phenotypes but that the effect is completely abrogated when accompanied by an increase in basement-membrane ligands. 24930031 1 43 theme normal 144:149 arg1 epithelium 159:168 normal mammary epithelium 144:168 normal mammary epithelium 144:168 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 5 44 theme β4 926:927 arg1 integrin 929:936 β4 integrin 926:936 β4 integrin 926:936 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 1 45 theme mammary 151:157 arg1 epithelium 159:168 normal mammary epithelium 144:168 normal mammary epithelium 144:168 In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. 24930031 5 46 from increase 1003:1010 arg1 stiffness 1019:1027 ECM stiffness 1015:1027 ECM stiffness 1015:1027 We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes. 24930031 4 47 theme epithelial 661:670 arg1 cells 672:676 normal mammary epithelial cells 646:676 normal mammary epithelial cells 646:676 We find that, in normal mammary epithelial cells, increasing ECM stiffness alone induces malignant phenotypes but that the effect is completely abrogated when accompanied by an increase in basement-membrane ligands. 26036782 0 0 theme cell 75:78 arg1 yield 80:84 cell yield 75:84 cell yield 75:84 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus: Improving cell yield and experiment reliability. 26036782 1 1 theme human 152:156 arg1 samples 189:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 9 2 theme disappearance 1239:1251 arg1 measure 1278:1284 an indirect measure 1266:1284 an indirect measure of cells released 1266:1302 We suggest the use of the disappearance of tissue as an indirect measure of cells released. 26036782 9 2 theme disappearance 1239:1251 arg1 use 1228:1230 the use 1224:1230 the use of the disappearance of tissue 1224:1261 We suggest the use of the disappearance of tissue as an indirect measure of cells released. 26036782 1 3 theme optimal 243:249 arg1 results 251:257 optimal results 243:257 optimal results 243:257 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 8 4 theme human 1148:1152 arg1 tissue 1169:1174 human degenerated NP tissue 1148:1174 human degenerated NP tissue 1148:1174 Digestion by collagenase alone without the use of pronase could isolate cells from human degenerated NP tissue but clusters of cells were observed. 26036782 0 5 from study 11:15 arg1 pulposus 55:62 bovine nucleus pulposus 40:62 bovine nucleus pulposus 40:62 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus: Improving cell yield and experiment reliability. 26036782 10 6 theme cell 1389:1392 arg1 isolation 1394:1402 NP cell isolation 1386:1402 NP cell isolation for optimal outcome 1386:1422 This study provides a guide for researchers to decide the parameters involved in NP cell isolation for optimal outcome. 26036782 6 7 theme Cell 814:817 arg1 viability 819:827 Cell viability 814:827 Cell viability 814:827 Cell viability remained high (<5% dead cells) even after 0.2% collagenase treatment for overnight. 26036782 1 8 theme nucleus 158:164 arg1 samples 189:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 5 9 theme Higher 702:707 arg1 concentration 721:733 Higher collagenase concentration 702:733 Higher collagenase concentration 702:733 Higher collagenase concentration, longer digestion duration and pronase pre-treatment increased the cell yield. 26036782 6 10 theme % 874:874 arg1 treatment 888:896 0.2% collagenase treatment 871:896 0.2% collagenase treatment 871:896 Cell viability remained high (<5% dead cells) even after 0.2% collagenase treatment for overnight. 26036782 7 11 theme high 939:942 arg1 expression 981:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 6 12 theme dead 848:851 arg1 cells 853:857 dead cells 848:857 <5% dead cells 844:857 Cell viability remained high (<5% dead cells) even after 0.2% collagenase treatment for overnight. 26036782 3 13 theme different 504:512 arg1 protocols 514:522 different protocols 504:522 different protocols 504:522 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 5 14 theme collagenase 709:719 arg1 concentration 721:733 Higher collagenase concentration 702:733 Higher collagenase concentration 702:733 Higher collagenase concentration, longer digestion duration and pronase pre-treatment increased the cell yield. 26036782 6 15 theme 0.2 871:873 arg1 % 874:874 % 874:874 % 874:874 Cell viability remained high (<5% dead cells) even after 0.2% collagenase treatment for overnight. 26036782 1 16 from compositions 136:147 arg1 samples 189:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 4 17 theme Nanodrop 667:674 arg1 spectrometry 676:687 Nanodrop spectrometry 667:687 Nanodrop spectrometry 667:687 RNA was extracted from isolated cells and quantified by Nanodrop spectrometry and RT-qPCR. 26036782 7 18 theme isolation 1036:1044 arg1 conditions 1046:1055 different cell isolation conditions 1021:1055 different cell isolation conditions tested 1021:1062 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 10 19 theme optimal 1408:1414 arg1 outcome 1416:1422 optimal outcome 1408:1422 optimal outcome 1408:1422 This study provides a guide for researchers to decide the parameters involved in NP cell isolation for optimal outcome. 26036782 1 20 theme pulposus 166:173 arg1 samples 189:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 0 21 theme experiment 90:99 arg1 reliability 101:111 experiment reliability 90:111 experiment reliability 90:111 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus: Improving cell yield and experiment reliability. 26036782 9 22 theme tissue 1256:1261 arg1 disappearance 1239:1251 the disappearance 1235:1251 the disappearance of tissue 1235:1261 We suggest the use of the disappearance of tissue as an indirect measure of cells released. 26036782 5 23 theme pronase 766:772 arg1 pre-treatment 774:786 pronase pre-treatment 766:786 pronase pre-treatment 766:786 Higher collagenase concentration, longer digestion duration and pronase pre-treatment increased the cell yield. 26036782 7 24 theme NP 913:914 arg1 cells 916:920 NP cells 913:920 NP cells 913:920 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 2 25 theme experiments 409:419 arg1 yield 352:356 low cell yield 343:356 low cell yield 343:356 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 26036782 2 25 theme experiments 409:419 arg1 reliability 367:377 limited reliability 359:377 limited reliability of results 359:388 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 26036782 2 25 theme experiments 409:419 arg1 failure 398:404 even failure 393:404 even failure of experiments 393:419 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 26036782 2 26 theme limited 359:365 arg1 reliability 367:377 limited reliability 359:377 limited reliability of results 359:388 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 26036782 5 27 theme cell 802:805 arg1 yield 807:811 the cell yield 798:811 the cell yield 798:811 Higher collagenase concentration, longer digestion duration and pronase pre-treatment increased the cell yield. 26036782 3 28 theme NP 489:490 arg1 tissue 492:497 bovine NP tissue 482:497 bovine NP tissue with different protocols 482:522 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 7 29 theme different 1021:1029 arg1 conditions 1046:1055 different cell isolation conditions 1021:1055 different cell isolation conditions tested 1021:1062 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 1 30 theme NP 176:177 arg1 samples 189:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 0 31 theme Systematic 0:9 arg1 study 11:15 Systematic study 0:15 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus 0:62 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus: Improving cell yield and experiment reliability. 26036782 7 32 theme cell 1031:1034 arg1 conditions 1046:1055 different cell isolation conditions 1021:1055 different cell isolation conditions tested 1021:1062 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 3 33 theme cell 542:545 arg1 counting 547:554 cell counting 542:554 cell counting 542:554 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 9 34 theme indirect 1269:1276 arg1 measure 1278:1284 an indirect measure 1266:1284 an indirect measure of cells released 1266:1302 We suggest the use of the disappearance of tissue as an indirect measure of cells released. 26036782 9 34 theme indirect 1269:1276 arg1 use 1228:1230 the use 1224:1230 the use of the disappearance of tissue 1224:1261 We suggest the use of the disappearance of tissue as an indirect measure of cells released. 26036782 4 35 theme isolated 634:641 arg1 cells 643:647 isolated cells 634:647 isolated cells 634:647 RNA was extracted from isolated cells and quantified by Nanodrop spectrometry and RT-qPCR. 26036782 0 36 theme cell 20:23 arg1 isolation 25:33 cell isolation 20:33 cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus 20:62 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus: Improving cell yield and experiment reliability. 26036782 8 37 theme pronase 1115:1121 arg1 use 1108:1110 the use 1104:1110 the use of pronase 1104:1121 Digestion by collagenase alone without the use of pronase could isolate cells from human degenerated NP tissue but clusters of cells were observed. 26036782 1 38 from Differences 114:124 arg1 compositions 136:147 matrix compositions 129:147 matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 129:195 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 8 39 theme NP 1166:1167 arg1 tissue 1169:1174 human degenerated NP tissue 1148:1174 human degenerated NP tissue 1148:1174 Digestion by collagenase alone without the use of pronase could isolate cells from human degenerated NP tissue but clusters of cells were observed. 26036782 10 40 theme NP 1386:1387 arg1 isolation 1394:1402 NP cell isolation 1386:1402 NP cell isolation for optimal outcome 1386:1422 This study provides a guide for researchers to decide the parameters involved in NP cell isolation for optimal outcome. 26036782 1 41 theme clinical 180:187 arg1 samples 189:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 152:195 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 1 42 theme clear 275:279 arg1 guide 281:285 no clear guide 272:285 no clear guide about this to date 272:304 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 7 43 contain have 934:937 arg1 cells 916:920 NP cells 913:920 NP cells 913:920 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 7 43 contain have 934:937 arg2 expression 981:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 3 44 theme bovine 482:487 arg1 tissue 492:497 bovine NP tissue 482:497 bovine NP tissue with different protocols 482:522 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 3 45 with tissue 492:497 arg1 protocols 514:522 different protocols 504:522 different protocols 504:522 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 6 46 dep high 838:841 arg1 % 846:846 <5% 844:846 <5% dead cells 844:857 Cell viability remained high (<5% dead cells) even after 0.2% collagenase treatment for overnight. 26036782 3 47 theme Cell 422:425 arg1 yield 427:431 Cell yield 422:431 Cell yield 422:431 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 3 48 theme Trypan 557:562 arg1 staining 569:576 Trypan blue staining 557:576 Trypan blue staining 557:576 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 8 49 theme cells 1192:1196 arg1 clusters 1180:1187 clusters 1180:1187 clusters of cells 1180:1196 Digestion by collagenase alone without the use of pronase could isolate cells from human degenerated NP tissue but clusters of cells were observed. 26036782 2 50 theme results 382:388 arg1 yield 352:356 low cell yield 343:356 low cell yield 343:356 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 26036782 2 50 theme results 382:388 arg1 reliability 367:377 limited reliability 359:377 limited reliability of results 359:388 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 26036782 2 50 theme results 382:388 arg1 failure 398:404 even failure 393:404 even failure of experiments 393:419 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 26036782 0 51 theme isolation 25:33 arg1 study 11:15 Systematic study 0:15 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus 0:62 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus: Improving cell yield and experiment reliability. 26036782 6 52 dep % 846:846 arg1 cells 853:857 dead cells 848:857 <5% dead cells 844:857 Cell viability remained high (<5% dead cells) even after 0.2% collagenase treatment for overnight. 26036782 7 53 theme muscle 1004:1009 arg1 cells 1011:1015 muscle cells 1004:1015 muscle cells 1004:1015 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 3 54 theme blue 564:567 arg1 staining 569:576 Trypan blue staining 557:576 Trypan blue staining 557:576 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 7 55 theme KRT18 964:968 arg1 expression 981:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 1 56 theme different 204:212 arg1 protocols 229:237 different cell isolation protocols 204:237 different cell isolation protocols for optimal results 204:257 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 0 57 theme nucleus 47:53 arg1 pulposus 55:62 bovine nucleus pulposus 40:62 bovine nucleus pulposus 40:62 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus: Improving cell yield and experiment reliability. 26036782 9 58 theme cells 1289:1293 arg1 measure 1278:1284 an indirect measure 1266:1284 an indirect measure of cells released 1266:1302 We suggest the use of the disappearance of tissue as an indirect measure of cells released. 26036782 9 58 theme cells 1289:1293 arg1 use 1228:1230 the use 1224:1230 the use of the disappearance of tissue 1224:1261 We suggest the use of the disappearance of tissue as an indirect measure of cells released. 26036782 8 59 theme degenerated 1154:1164 arg1 tissue 1169:1174 human degenerated NP tissue 1148:1174 human degenerated NP tissue 1148:1174 Digestion by collagenase alone without the use of pronase could isolate cells from human degenerated NP tissue but clusters of cells were observed. 26036782 0 60 from pulposus 55:62 arg1 study 11:15 Systematic study 0:15 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus 0:62 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus: Improving cell yield and experiment reliability. 26036782 0 60 from pulposus 55:62 arg1 isolation 25:33 cell isolation 20:33 cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus 20:62 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus: Improving cell yield and experiment reliability. 26036782 0 61 theme bovine 40:45 arg1 pulposus 55:62 bovine nucleus pulposus 40:62 bovine nucleus pulposus 40:62 Systematic study of cell isolation from bovine nucleus pulposus: Improving cell yield and experiment reliability. 26036782 6 62 theme collagenase 876:886 arg1 treatment 888:896 0.2% collagenase treatment 871:896 0.2% collagenase treatment 871:896 Cell viability remained high (<5% dead cells) even after 0.2% collagenase treatment for overnight. 26036782 7 63 theme CDH2 958:961 arg1 expression 981:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 3 64 theme cells 462:466 arg1 yield 427:431 Cell yield 422:431 Cell yield 422:431 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 3 64 theme cells 462:466 arg1 attachment 448:457 attachment 448:457 attachment 448:457 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 3 64 theme cells 462:466 arg1 viability 434:442 viability 434:442 viability 434:442 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 3 65 theme cell 582:585 arg1 culturing 587:595 cell culturing 582:595 cell culturing 582:595 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 3 66 attach isolated 468:475 arg1 tissue 492:497 bovine NP tissue 482:497 bovine NP tissue with different protocols 482:522 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 3 66 attach isolated 468:475 arg2 cells 462:466 cells 462:466 cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols 462:522 Cell yield, viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine NP tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting, Trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively. 26036782 2 67 theme Sub-optimal 307:317 arg1 protocols 319:327 Sub-optimal protocols 307:327 Sub-optimal protocols 307:327 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 26036782 1 68 theme cell 214:217 arg1 protocols 229:237 different cell isolation protocols 204:237 different cell isolation protocols for optimal results 204:257 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 7 69 theme KRT19 975:979 arg1 expression 981:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 7 70 theme COL2A1 950:955 arg1 expression 981:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 1 71 theme matrix 129:134 arg1 compositions 136:147 matrix compositions 129:147 matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples 129:195 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 1 72 theme isolation 219:227 arg1 protocols 229:237 different cell isolation protocols 204:237 different cell isolation protocols for optimal results 204:257 Differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus (NP) clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date. 26036782 5 73 theme longer 736:741 arg1 duration 753:760 longer digestion duration 736:760 longer digestion duration 736:760 Higher collagenase concentration, longer digestion duration and pronase pre-treatment increased the cell yield. 26036782 2 74 theme even 393:396 arg1 failure 398:404 even failure 393:404 even failure of experiments 393:419 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 26036782 2 75 theme cell 347:350 arg1 yield 352:356 low cell yield 343:356 low cell yield 343:356 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 26036782 5 76 theme digestion 743:751 arg1 duration 753:760 longer digestion duration 736:760 longer digestion duration 736:760 Higher collagenase concentration, longer digestion duration and pronase pre-treatment increased the cell yield. 26036782 7 77 theme ACAN 944:947 arg1 expression 981:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression 939:990 NP cells remained to have high ACAN, COL2A1, CDH2, KRT18, and KRT19 expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested. 26036782 2 78 theme low 343:345 arg1 yield 352:356 low cell yield 343:356 low cell yield 343:356 Sub-optimal protocols may result in low cell yield, limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments. 25872959 2 0 from mountain 158:165 arg1 Republic 179:186 Republic 179:186 Republic 179:186 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 11 1 theme genus 1304:1308 arg1 Phycicoccus 1310:1320 the genus Phycicoccus 1300:1320 the genus Phycicoccus 1300:1320 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-a14T represents a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccussoli sp. 25872959 7 2 theme meso-diaminopimelic 765:783 arg1 acid 785:788 meso-diaminopimelic acid 765:788 meso-diaminopimelic acid 765:788 Strain THG-a14T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 25872959 6 3 theme DNA-DNA 596:602 arg1 relatedness 604:614 the DNA-DNA relatedness 592:614 the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-a14T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours 592:682 In DNA-DNA hybridization, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-a14T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours was below 50.0 %. 25872959 4 4 theme strain 321:326 arg1 THG-a14T 328:335 strain THG-a14T 321:335 strain THG-a14T 321:335 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 10 5 theme fatty 1151:1155 arg1 iso-C16:0 1168:1176 iso-C16:0 1168:1176 iso-C16:0 1168:1176 The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0 and C17:1ω8c. 25872959 10 5 theme fatty 1151:1155 arg1 acids 1157:1161 The major fatty acids 1141:1161 The major fatty acids 1141:1161 The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0 and C17:1ω8c. 25872959 11 6 theme name 1337:1340 arg1 sp 1358:1359 the name Phycicoccussoli sp 1333:1359 the name Phycicoccussoli sp 1333:1359 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-a14T represents a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccussoli sp. 25872959 8 7 theme menaquinone 897:907 arg1 MK-8 909:912 menaquinone MK-8 897:912 menaquinone MK-8(H4) 897:916 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 7 theme menaquinone 897:907 arg1 H4 914:915 H4 914:915 H4 914:915 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 7 theme menaquinone 897:907 arg1 ribose 860:865 ribose 860:865 ribose 860:865 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 7 theme menaquinone 897:907 arg1 glucose 848:854 glucose 848:854 glucose 848:854 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 7 theme menaquinone 897:907 arg1 quinone 942:948 the major isoprenoid quinone 921:948 the major isoprenoid quinone 921:948 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 5 8 theme DNA 516:518 arg1 content 524:530 The DNA G+C content 512:530 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T 512:549 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T was 71.6 mol%. 25872959 5 8 theme DNA 516:518 arg1 % 563:563 71.6 mol% 555:563 71.6 mol% 555:563 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T was 71.6 mol%. 25872959 9 9 theme unidentified 1120:1131 arg1 lipids 1133:1138 unidentified lipids 1120:1138 unidentified lipids 1120:1138 Polar lipids in strain THG-a14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphoaminoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified lipids. 25872959 9 10 theme Polar 951:955 arg1 lipids 957:962 Polar lipids 951:962 Polar lipids in strain THG-a14T 951:981 Polar lipids in strain THG-a14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphoaminoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified lipids. 25872959 10 11 theme major 1145:1149 arg1 iso-C16:0 1168:1176 iso-C16:0 1168:1176 iso-C16:0 1168:1176 The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0 and C17:1ω8c. 25872959 10 11 theme major 1145:1149 arg1 acids 1157:1161 The major fatty acids 1141:1161 The major fatty acids 1141:1161 The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0 and C17:1ω8c. 25872959 11 12 theme Phycicoccussoli 1342:1356 arg1 sp 1358:1359 the name Phycicoccussoli sp 1333:1359 the name Phycicoccussoli sp 1333:1359 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-a14T represents a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccussoli sp. 25872959 5 13 theme G+C 520:522 arg1 content 524:530 The DNA G+C content 512:530 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T 512:549 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T was 71.6 mol%. 25872959 5 13 theme G+C 520:522 arg1 % 563:563 71.6 mol% 555:563 71.6 mol% 555:563 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T was 71.6 mol%. 25872959 6 14 theme phylogenetically 656:671 arg1 neighbours 673:682 its closest phylogenetically neighbours 644:682 its closest phylogenetically neighbours 644:682 In DNA-DNA hybridization, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-a14T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours was below 50.0 %. 25872959 6 15 theme strain 624:629 arg1 THG-a14T 631:638 strain THG-a14T 624:638 strain THG-a14T 624:638 In DNA-DNA hybridization, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-a14T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours was below 50.0 %. 25872959 2 16 from Republic 179:186 arg1 soil 142:145 soil 142:145 soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea 142:195 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 6 17 theme closest 648:654 arg1 neighbours 673:682 its closest phylogenetically neighbours 644:682 its closest phylogenetically neighbours 644:682 In DNA-DNA hybridization, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-a14T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours was below 50.0 %. 25872959 13 18 theme  = KACC 1409:1415 arg1 THG-a14T 1399:1406 THG-a14T 1399:1406 THG-a14T ( = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T) 1399:1436 The type strain is THG-a14T ( = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T). 25872959 13 18 theme  = KACC 1409:1415 arg1 19837T 1430:1435  = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T 1409:1435  = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T 1409:1435 The type strain is THG-a14T ( = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T). 25872959 3 19 dep % 262:262 arg1 w/v 265:267 w/v 265:267 w/v 265:267 The isolate grew optimally at 28 °C, at pH 6.5-7.5 and with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 25872959 4 20 theme P. 403:404 arg1 BXN5-13T 424:431 P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T 403:431 P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %) 403:440 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 4 20 theme P. 403:404 arg1 % 439:439 97.6 % 434:439 97.6 % 434:439 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 8 21 theme isoprenoid 931:940 arg1 quinone 942:948 the major isoprenoid quinone 921:948 the major isoprenoid quinone 921:948 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 21 theme isoprenoid 931:940 arg1 ribose 860:865 ribose 860:865 ribose 860:865 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 21 theme isoprenoid 931:940 arg1 MK-8 909:912 menaquinone MK-8 897:912 menaquinone MK-8(H4) 897:916 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 21 theme isoprenoid 931:940 arg1 glucose 848:854 glucose 848:854 glucose 848:854 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 4 22 theme gene 294:297 arg1 comparisons 308:318 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 285:318 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 285:318 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 7 23 theme Strain 702:707 arg1 THG-a14T 709:716 Strain THG-a14T 702:716 Strain THG-a14T 702:716 Strain THG-a14T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 25872959 13 24 theme 17892T = JCM 1417:1428 arg1 THG-a14T 1399:1406 THG-a14T 1399:1406 THG-a14T ( = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T) 1399:1436 The type strain is THG-a14T ( = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T). 25872959 13 24 theme 17892T = JCM 1417:1428 arg1 19837T 1430:1435  = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T 1409:1435  = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T 1409:1435 The type strain is THG-a14T ( = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T). 25872959 0 25 theme soli 12:15 arg1 sp 17:18 Phycicoccus soli sp 0:18 Phycicoccus soli sp. 0:19 Phycicoccus soli sp. 25872959 11 26 theme polyphasic 1223:1232 arg1 study 1243:1247 our polyphasic taxonomy study 1219:1247 our polyphasic taxonomy study 1219:1247 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-a14T represents a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccussoli sp. 25872959 4 27 theme rRNA 289:292 arg1 comparisons 308:318 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 285:318 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 285:318 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 0 28 theme Phycicoccus 0:10 arg1 sp 17:18 Phycicoccus soli sp 0:18 Phycicoccus soli sp. 0:19 Phycicoccus soli sp. 25872959 4 29 theme ochangensis 447:457 arg1 % 473:473 97.4 % 468:473 97.4 % 468:473 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 4 29 theme ochangensis 447:457 arg1 L1b-b9 460:465 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 443:465 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) 443:474 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 11 30 theme taxonomy 1234:1241 arg1 study 1243:1247 our polyphasic taxonomy study 1219:1247 our polyphasic taxonomy study 1219:1247 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-a14T represents a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccussoli sp. 25872959 4 31 dep P. 403:404 arg1 ginsenosidimutans 406:422 ginsenosidimutans 406:422 ginsenosidimutans 406:422 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 11 32 theme strain 1250:1255 arg1 THG-a14T 1257:1264 strain THG-a14T 1250:1264 strain THG-a14T 1250:1264 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-a14T represents a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccussoli sp. 25872959 4 33 theme sequence 299:306 arg1 comparisons 308:318 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 285:318 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 285:318 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 8 34 theme whole-cell-wall 870:884 arg1 sugars 886:891 whole-cell-wall sugars 870:891 whole-cell-wall sugars 870:891 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 35 contain contained 838:846 arg2 H4 914:915 H4 914:915 H4 914:915 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 35 contain contained 838:846 arg2 quinone 942:948 the major isoprenoid quinone 921:948 the major isoprenoid quinone 921:948 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 35 contain contained 838:846 arg2 glucose 848:854 glucose 848:854 glucose 848:854 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 35 contain contained 838:846 arg2 ribose 860:865 ribose 860:865 ribose 860:865 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 35 contain contained 838:846 arg2 MK-8 909:912 menaquinone MK-8 897:912 menaquinone MK-8(H4) 897:916 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 35 contain contained 838:846 arg1 THG-a14T 829:836 Strain THG-a14T 822:836 Strain THG-a14T 822:836 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 5 36 theme 71.6 mol 555:562 arg1 content 524:530 The DNA G+C content 512:530 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T 512:549 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T was 71.6 mol%. 25872959 5 36 theme 71.6 mol 555:562 arg1 % 563:563 71.6 mol% 555:563 71.6 mol% 555:563 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T was 71.6 mol%. 25872959 2 37 theme mountain 158:165 arg1 soil 142:145 soil 142:145 soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea 142:195 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 2 38 theme Gyeyang 150:156 arg1 mountain 158:165 Gyeyang mountain 150:165 Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea 150:195 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 11 39 theme novel 1279:1283 arg1 species 1285:1291 a novel species 1277:1291 a novel species 1277:1291 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-a14T represents a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccussoli sp. 25872959 3 40 theme 0-3  258:261 arg1 % 262:262 % 262:262 % 262:262 The isolate grew optimally at 28 °C, at pH 6.5-7.5 and with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 25872959 2 41 dep Gram-stain-positive 49:67 arg1 non-motile 70:79 non-motile 70:79 non-motile 70:79 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 2 41 dep Gram-stain-positive 49:67 arg1 coccus-shaped 82:94 coccus-shaped 82:94 coccus-shaped 82:94 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 2 42 attach isolated 128:135 arg2 bacterium 96:104 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium 47:104 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium 47:104 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 2 42 attach isolated 128:135 arg1 soil 142:145 soil 142:145 soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea 142:195 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 2 42 attach isolated 128:135 arg2 strain 107:112 strain THG-a14T 107:121 strain THG-a14T 107:121 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 6 43 from % 699:699 arg1 hybridization 577:589 DNA-DNA hybridization 569:589 DNA-DNA hybridization 569:589 In DNA-DNA hybridization, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-a14T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours was below 50.0 %. 25872959 3 44 theme % 262:262 arg1 NaCl 270:273 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 258:273 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 258:273 The isolate grew optimally at 28 °C, at pH 6.5-7.5 and with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 25872959 4 45 theme 16S 285:287 arg1 comparisons 308:318 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 285:318 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 285:318 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 8 46 theme major 925:929 arg1 quinone 942:948 the major isoprenoid quinone 921:948 the major isoprenoid quinone 921:948 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 46 theme major 925:929 arg1 ribose 860:865 ribose 860:865 ribose 860:865 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 46 theme major 925:929 arg1 MK-8 909:912 menaquinone MK-8 897:912 menaquinone MK-8(H4) 897:916 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 8 46 theme major 925:929 arg1 glucose 848:854 glucose 848:854 glucose 848:854 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 2 47 theme Gram-stain-positive 49:67 arg1 strain 107:112 strain THG-a14T 107:121 strain THG-a14T 107:121 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 2 47 theme Gram-stain-positive 49:67 arg1 bacterium 96:104 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium 47:104 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium 47:104 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 5 48 theme strain 535:540 arg1 THG-a14T 542:549 strain THG-a14T 535:549 strain THG-a14T 535:549 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T was 71.6 mol%. 25872959 8 49 theme Strain 822:827 arg1 THG-a14T 829:836 Strain THG-a14T 822:836 Strain THG-a14T 822:836 Strain THG-a14T contained glucose and ribose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone. 25872959 7 50 theme cell-wall 797:805 arg1 peptidoglycan 807:819 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 793:819 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 793:819 Strain THG-a14T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 25872959 4 51 dep Phycicoccus 360:370 arg1 aerophilus 372:381 aerophilus 372:381 aerophilus 372:381 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 5 52 theme THG-a14T 542:549 arg1 content 524:530 The DNA G+C content 512:530 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T 512:549 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T was 71.6 mol%. 25872959 5 52 theme THG-a14T 542:549 arg1 % 563:563 71.6 mol% 555:563 71.6 mol% 555:563 The DNA G+C content of strain THG-a14T was 71.6 mol%. 25872959 4 53 theme Phycicoccus 360:370 arg1 5516T-20T 383:391 Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T 360:391 Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %) 360:400 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 4 53 theme Phycicoccus 360:370 arg1 % 399:399 97.7 % 394:399 97.7 % 394:399 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-a14T was closely related to Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.7 %), P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.6 %), 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 (97.4 %) and P. bigeumensis MSL-03 (97.2 %). 25872959 9 54 theme unidentified 1089:1100 arg1 phospholipids 1102:1114 unidentified phospholipids 1089:1114 unidentified phospholipids 1089:1114 Polar lipids in strain THG-a14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphoaminoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified lipids. 25872959 13 55 theme type 1384:1387 arg1 THG-a14T 1399:1406 THG-a14T 1399:1406 THG-a14T ( = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T) 1399:1436 The type strain is THG-a14T ( = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T). 25872959 13 55 theme type 1384:1387 arg1 strain 1389:1394 The type strain 1380:1394 The type strain 1380:1394 The type strain is THG-a14T ( = KACC 17892T = JCM 19837T). 25872959 9 56 theme strain 967:972 arg1 THG-a14T 974:981 strain THG-a14T 967:981 strain THG-a14T 967:981 Polar lipids in strain THG-a14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphoaminoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified lipids. 25872959 9 57 from lipids 957:962 arg1 THG-a14T 974:981 strain THG-a14T 967:981 strain THG-a14T 967:981 Polar lipids in strain THG-a14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphoaminoglycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified lipids. 25872959 2 58 from soil 142:145 arg1 Republic 179:186 Republic 179:186 Republic 179:186 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, strain THG-a14T, was isolated from soil of Gyeyang mountain in Incheon, Republic of Korea. 25872959 11 59 dep study 1243:1247 arg1 the 1206:1208 the 1206:1208 the 1206:1208 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-a14T represents a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccussoli sp. 25872959 11 59 dep study 1243:1247 arg1 basis 1210:1214 basis 1210:1214 basis 1210:1214 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-a14T represents a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccussoli sp. 25872959 6 60 theme DNA-DNA 569:575 arg1 hybridization 577:589 DNA-DNA hybridization 569:589 DNA-DNA hybridization 569:589 In DNA-DNA hybridization, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-a14T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours was below 50.0 %. 24491830 13 0 theme  = JCM 1353:1358 arg1 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 13 0 theme  = JCM 1353:1358 arg1 18090 1360:1364  = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090 1337:1364  = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T) 1337:1367 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 6 1 located observed 545:552 arg1 °C 563:564 15-37 °C 557:564 15-37 °C 557:564 Growth was observed at 15-37 °C, at pH 4.5-8.5 and in the presence of 0-5.0 % NaCl. 24491830 6 1 located observed 545:552 arg2 Growth 534:539 Growth 534:539 Growth 534:539 Growth was observed at 15-37 °C, at pH 4.5-8.5 and in the presence of 0-5.0 % NaCl. 24491830 10 2 theme genomic 1020:1026 arg1 DNA 1028:1030 genomic DNA 1020:1030 genomic DNA of the strain 1020:1044 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain was 73.8 mol%. 24491830 9 3 theme unknown 974:980 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 982:998 an unknown phosphoglycolipid 971:998 an unknown phosphoglycolipid 971:998 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown lipid, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 24491830 11 4 theme Luteimicrobium 1235:1248 arg1 sp 1264:1265 the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp 1226:1265 the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp 1226:1265 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 11 5 theme novel 1170:1174 arg1 species 1176:1182 a novel species 1168:1182 a novel species 1168:1182 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 11 6 dep Luteimicrobium 1235:1248 arg1 xylanilyticum 1250:1262 xylanilyticum 1250:1262 xylanilyticum 1250:1262 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 9 7 theme major 855:859 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 879:900 diphosphatidylglycerol 879:900 diphosphatidylglycerol 879:900 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown lipid, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 24491830 9 7 theme major 855:859 arg1 lipids 867:872 The major polar lipids 851:872 The major polar lipids 851:872 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown lipid, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 24491830 9 8 theme unknown 946:952 arg1 phospholipid 954:965 an unknown phospholipid 943:965 an unknown phospholipid 943:965 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown lipid, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 24491830 9 9 theme polar 861:865 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 879:900 diphosphatidylglycerol 879:900 diphosphatidylglycerol 879:900 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown lipid, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 24491830 9 9 theme polar 861:865 arg1 lipids 867:872 The major polar lipids 851:872 The major polar lipids 851:872 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown lipid, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 24491830 1 10 attach isolated 39:46 arg2 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei. 24491830 1 10 attach isolated 39:46 arg1 gut 57:59 the gut 53:59 the gut of a long-horned beetle 53:83 nov., isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei. 24491830 3 11 theme gene 273:276 arg1 sequences 278:286 16S rRNA gene sequences 264:286 16S rRNA gene sequences 264:286 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belonged to the suborder Micrococcineae. 24491830 11 12 theme suborder 1191:1198 arg1 Micrococcineae 1200:1213 the suborder Micrococcineae 1187:1213 the suborder Micrococcineae 1187:1213 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 8 13 theme major 693:697 arg1 MK-8 738:741 MK-8 738:741 MK-8 738:741 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 8 13 theme major 693:697 arg1 present 711:717 The major menaquinone present 689:717 The major menaquinone present in this strain 689:732 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 13 14 theme  = KCTC 1337:1343 arg1 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 13 14 theme  = KCTC 1337:1343 arg1 18090 1360:1364  = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090 1337:1364  = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T) 1337:1367 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 10 15 theme G+C 1005:1007 arg1 content 1009:1015 The G+C content 1001:1015 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain 1001:1044 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain was 73.8 mol%. 24491830 10 15 theme G+C 1005:1007 arg1 % 1058:1058 73.8 mol% 1050:1058 73.8 mol% 1050:1058 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain was 73.8 mol%. 24491830 11 16 from study 1116:1120 arg1 evidence 1077:1084 evidence 1077:1084 evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study 1077:1120 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 13 17 theme 19882 1345:1349 arg1 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 13 17 theme 19882 1345:1349 arg1 18090 1360:1364  = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090 1337:1364  = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T) 1337:1367 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 0 18 theme xylanilyticum 15:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp 0:30 Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 0:31 Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 4 19 theme Luteimicrobium 398:411 arg1 similarity 442:451 97.9 % similarity 435:451 97.9 % similarity 435:451 Strain W-15(T) was most closely related to Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105(T) (97.9 % similarity). 24491830 4 19 theme Luteimicrobium 398:411 arg1 album 413:417 Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105 398:429 Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105(T) (97.9 % similarity) 398:452 Strain W-15(T) was most closely related to Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105(T) (97.9 % similarity). 24491830 4 19 theme Luteimicrobium 398:411 arg1 T 431:431 T 431:431 T 431:431 Strain W-15(T) was most closely related to Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105(T) (97.9 % similarity). 24491830 1 20 theme long-horned 66:76 arg1 beetle 78:83 a long-horned beetle 64:83 a long-horned beetle 64:83 nov., isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei. 24491830 0 21 theme Luteimicrobium 0:13 arg1 sp 29:30 Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp 0:30 Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 0:31 Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 1 22 theme beetle 78:83 arg1 gut 57:59 the gut 53:59 the gut of a long-horned beetle 53:83 nov., isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei. 24491830 2 23 attach isolated 143:150 arg1 gut 161:163 the gut 157:163 the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei, collected in South Korea 157:230 A novel strain, designated W-15(T), was isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei, collected in South Korea. 24491830 2 23 attach isolated 143:150 arg2 strain 111:116 A novel strain 103:116 A novel strain 103:116 A novel strain, designated W-15(T), was isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei, collected in South Korea. 24491830 11 24 theme polyphasic 1095:1104 arg1 study 1116:1120 our polyphasic taxonomic study 1091:1120 our polyphasic taxonomic study 1091:1120 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 11 25 theme taxonomic 1106:1114 arg1 study 1116:1120 our polyphasic taxonomic study 1091:1120 our polyphasic taxonomic study 1091:1120 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 8 26 from present 711:717 arg1 strain 727:732 this strain 722:732 this strain 722:732 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 7 27 theme strain 653:658 arg1 A4α 664:666 A4α 664:666 A4α (l-Lys-d-Ser-d-Asp) 664:686 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain was A4α (l-Lys-d-Ser-d-Asp). 24491830 7 27 theme strain 653:658 arg1 peptidoglycan 632:644 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 618:644 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain 618:658 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain was A4α (l-Lys-d-Ser-d-Asp). 24491830 6 28 theme NaCl 612:615 arg1 presence 592:599 the presence 588:599 the presence of 0-5.0 % NaCl 588:615 Growth was observed at 15-37 °C, at pH 4.5-8.5 and in the presence of 0-5.0 % NaCl. 24491830 13 29 dep W-15 1328:1331 arg1 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 13 29 dep W-15 1328:1331 arg1 18090 1360:1364  = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090 1337:1364  = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T) 1337:1367 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 2 30 theme long-horned 170:180 arg1 beetle 182:187 a long-horned beetle 168:187 a long-horned beetle 168:187 A novel strain, designated W-15(T), was isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei, collected in South Korea. 24491830 2 30 theme long-horned 170:180 arg1 raddei 199:204 Massicus raddei 190:204 Massicus raddei 190:204 A novel strain, designated W-15(T), was isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei, collected in South Korea. 24491830 8 31 dep  0 801:802 arg1  0 814:815  0 814:815  0 814:815 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 11 32 dep evidence 1077:1084 arg1 the 1064:1066 the 1064:1066 the 1064:1066 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 11 32 dep evidence 1077:1084 arg1 basis 1068:1072 basis 1068:1072 basis 1068:1072 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 4 33 theme 97.9  435:439 arg1 % 440:440 % 440:440 % 440:440 Strain W-15(T) was most closely related to Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105(T) (97.9 % similarity). 24491830 10 34 theme mol 1055:1057 arg1 content 1009:1015 The G+C content 1001:1015 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain 1001:1044 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain was 73.8 mol%. 24491830 10 34 theme mol 1055:1057 arg1 % 1058:1058 73.8 mol% 1050:1058 73.8 mol% 1050:1058 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain was 73.8 mol%. 24491830 8 35 theme major 756:760 arg1 anteiso-C15  788:799 anteiso-C15  788:799 anteiso-C15  788:799 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 8 35 theme major 756:760 arg1 acids 777:781 the major cellular fatty acids 752:781 the major cellular fatty acids 752:781 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 11 36 theme strain 1123:1128 arg1 W-15 1130:1133 strain W-15 1123:1133 strain W-15(T) 1123:1136 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 11 36 theme strain 1123:1128 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 3 37 theme Phylogenetic 233:244 arg1 analysis 246:253 Phylogenetic analysis 233:253 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 233:286 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belonged to the suborder Micrococcineae. 24491830 11 38 from species 1176:1182 arg1 Micrococcineae 1200:1213 the suborder Micrococcineae 1187:1213 the suborder Micrococcineae 1187:1213 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 13 39 theme species 1310:1316 arg1 strain 1295:1300 The type strain 1286:1300 The type strain of this species 1286:1316 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 13 39 theme species 1310:1316 arg1 W-15 1328:1331 strain W-15 1321:1331 strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)) 1321:1368 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 3 40 theme suborder 330:337 arg1 Micrococcineae 339:352 the suborder Micrococcineae 326:352 the suborder Micrococcineae 326:352 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belonged to the suborder Micrococcineae. 24491830 7 41 theme cell-wall 622:630 arg1 A4α 664:666 A4α 664:666 A4α (l-Lys-d-Ser-d-Asp) 664:686 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain was A4α (l-Lys-d-Ser-d-Asp). 24491830 7 41 theme cell-wall 622:630 arg1 peptidoglycan 632:644 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 618:644 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain 618:658 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain was A4α (l-Lys-d-Ser-d-Asp). 24491830 13 42 theme T 1351:1351 arg1 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 T 1366:1366 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 13 42 theme T 1351:1351 arg1 18090 1360:1364  = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090 1337:1364  = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T) 1337:1367 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 8 43 theme fatty 771:775 arg1 anteiso-C15  788:799 anteiso-C15  788:799 anteiso-C15  788:799 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 8 43 theme fatty 771:775 arg1 acids 777:781 the major cellular fatty acids 752:781 the major cellular fatty acids 752:781 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 5 44 theme Strain 455:460 arg1 T 467:467 T 467:467 T 467:467 Strain W-15(T) was Gram-stain-positive, rod- and coccus-shaped and non-motile. 24491830 5 44 theme Strain 455:460 arg1 W-15 462:465 Strain W-15 455:465 Strain W-15(T) 455:468 Strain W-15(T) was Gram-stain-positive, rod- and coccus-shaped and non-motile. 24491830 10 45 theme strain 1039:1044 arg1 DNA 1028:1030 genomic DNA 1020:1030 genomic DNA of the strain 1020:1044 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain was 73.8 mol%. 24491830 4 46 theme % 440:440 arg1 similarity 442:451 97.9 % similarity 435:451 97.9 % similarity 435:451 Strain W-15(T) was most closely related to Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105(T) (97.9 % similarity). 24491830 4 46 theme % 440:440 arg1 album 413:417 Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105 398:429 Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105(T) (97.9 % similarity) 398:452 Strain W-15(T) was most closely related to Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105(T) (97.9 % similarity). 24491830 4 47 theme Strain 355:360 arg1 T 367:367 T 367:367 T 367:367 Strain W-15(T) was most closely related to Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105(T) (97.9 % similarity). 24491830 4 47 theme Strain 355:360 arg1 W-15 362:365 Strain W-15 355:365 Strain W-15(T) 355:368 Strain W-15(T) was most closely related to Luteimicrobium album RI148-Li105(T) (97.9 % similarity). 24491830 6 48 theme % 610:610 arg1 NaCl 612:615 0-5.0 % NaCl 604:615 0-5.0 % NaCl 604:615 Growth was observed at 15-37 °C, at pH 4.5-8.5 and in the presence of 0-5.0 % NaCl. 24491830 8 49 dep anteiso-C15  788:799 arg1 anteiso-C17  834:845 anteiso-C17  834:845 anteiso-C17  834:845 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 8 49 dep anteiso-C15  788:799 arg1  0 801:802  0 801:802  0 801:802 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 8 49 dep anteiso-C15  788:799 arg1  0 827:828  0 827:828  0 827:828 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 8 49 dep anteiso-C15  788:799 arg1  0 847:848  0 847:848  0 847:848 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 8 50 theme cellular 762:769 arg1 anteiso-C15  788:799 anteiso-C15  788:799 anteiso-C15  788:799 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 8 50 theme cellular 762:769 arg1 acids 777:781 the major cellular fatty acids 752:781 the major cellular fatty acids 752:781 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 9 51 theme unknown 928:934 arg1 lipid 936:940 an unknown lipid 925:940 an unknown lipid 925:940 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown lipid, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. 24491830 6 52 theme 0-5.0  604:609 arg1 % 610:610 % 610:610 % 610:610 Growth was observed at 15-37 °C, at pH 4.5-8.5 and in the presence of 0-5.0 % NaCl. 24491830 11 53 theme name 1230:1233 arg1 sp 1264:1265 the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp 1226:1265 the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp 1226:1265 On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W-15(T) is classified as representing a novel species in the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. 24491830 3 54 theme 16S 264:266 arg1 sequences 278:286 16S rRNA gene sequences 264:286 16S rRNA gene sequences 264:286 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belonged to the suborder Micrococcineae. 24491830 13 55 theme strain 1321:1326 arg1 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 13 55 theme strain 1321:1326 arg1 strain 1295:1300 The type strain 1286:1300 The type strain of this species 1286:1316 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 13 55 theme strain 1321:1326 arg1 W-15 1328:1331 strain W-15 1321:1331 strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)) 1321:1368 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 13 56 theme type 1290:1293 arg1 strain 1295:1300 The type strain 1286:1300 The type strain of this species 1286:1316 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 13 56 theme type 1290:1293 arg1 W-15 1328:1331 strain W-15 1321:1331 strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)) 1321:1368 The type strain of this species is strain W-15(T) ( = KCTC 19882(T) = JCM 18090(T)). 24491830 10 57 theme DNA 1028:1030 arg1 content 1009:1015 The G+C content 1001:1015 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain 1001:1044 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain was 73.8 mol%. 24491830 10 57 theme DNA 1028:1030 arg1 % 1058:1058 73.8 mol% 1050:1058 73.8 mol% 1050:1058 The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain was 73.8 mol%. 24491830 3 58 theme rRNA 268:271 arg1 sequences 278:286 16S rRNA gene sequences 264:286 16S rRNA gene sequences 264:286 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belonged to the suborder Micrococcineae. 24491830 2 59 theme novel 105:109 arg1 strain 111:116 A novel strain 103:116 A novel strain 103:116 A novel strain, designated W-15(T), was isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei, collected in South Korea. 24491830 2 60 theme beetle 182:187 arg1 gut 161:163 the gut 157:163 the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei, collected in South Korea 157:230 A novel strain, designated W-15(T), was isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei, collected in South Korea. 24491830 1 61 dep Massicus 86:93 arg1 raddei 95:100 Massicus raddei 86:100 Massicus raddei 86:100 nov., isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei. 24491830 1 61 dep Massicus 86:93 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., isolated from the gut of a long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei. 24491830 8 62 theme menaquinone 699:709 arg1 MK-8 738:741 MK-8 738:741 MK-8 738:741 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24491830 8 62 theme menaquinone 699:709 arg1 present 711:717 The major menaquinone present 689:717 The major menaquinone present in this strain 689:732 The major menaquinone present in this strain was MK-8 (H2) and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 24315807 8 0 theme incubation 1036:1045 arg1 24 h 1028:1031 24 h 1028:1031 24 h of incubation 1028:1045 Furthermore, lactulose altered the microflora composition, increased equol production associated with a reduction in the population of methanogen and increased the sulfate-reducing bacteria population during 24 h of incubation. 24315807 10 1 theme hydrogen-producing 1297:1314 arg1 way 1344:1346 a novel way 1336:1346 a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro 1336:1394 This study proposes that "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" might be a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro. 24315807 10 1 theme hydrogen-producing 1297:1314 arg1 " 1325:1325 "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" 1296:1325 "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" 1296:1325 This study proposes that "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" might be a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro. 24315807 0 2 theme in 79:80 arg1 fermentation 88:99 in vitro fermentation 79:99 in vitro fermentation of daidzein 79:111 Lactulose promotes equol production and changes the microbial community during in vitro fermentation of daidzein by fecal inocula of sows. 24315807 3 3 from production 384:393 arg1 human 398:402 human 398:402 human 398:402 In recent years, interest has grown in dietary applications to improve equol production in human and other animals. 24315807 3 3 from production 384:393 arg1 animals 414:420 other animals 408:420 other animals 408:420 In recent years, interest has grown in dietary applications to improve equol production in human and other animals. 24315807 1 4 theme higher 149:154 arg1 effects 167:173 higher biological effects 149:173 higher biological effects 149:173 Equol has higher biological effects than other isoflavones. 24315807 4 5 theme potential 462:470 arg1 in vitro 498:505 a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro 460:505 a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro 460:505 In this study, lactulose was used as a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro. 24315807 4 5 theme potential 462:470 arg1 lactulose 438:446 lactulose 438:446 lactulose 438:446 In this study, lactulose was used as a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro. 24315807 9 6 theme dihydrodaidzein 1145:1159 arg1 pathway 1167:1173 a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway 1143:1173 a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway 1143:1173 Here, we report for the first time that in a certain condition (sealing or high pressure), via a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway equol might be able to reform to daidzein by further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate. 24315807 2 7 contain possess 236:242 arg2 microbiota 246:255 a microbiota 244:255 a microbiota capable of producing equol from dietary daidzein 244:304 However, only about 30-50% of humans possess a microbiota capable of producing equol from dietary daidzein. 24315807 2 7 contain possess 236:242 arg1 % 224:224 only about 30-50% 208:224 only about 30-50% of humans 208:234 However, only about 30-50% of humans possess a microbiota capable of producing equol from dietary daidzein. 24315807 2 7 contain possess 236:242 arg1 humans 229:234 humans 229:234 humans 229:234 However, only about 30-50% of humans possess a microbiota capable of producing equol from dietary daidzein. 24315807 8 8 theme sulfate-reducing 984:999 arg1 bacteria 1001:1008 sulfate-reducing bacteria 984:1008 the sulfate-reducing bacteria population 980:1019 Furthermore, lactulose altered the microflora composition, increased equol production associated with a reduction in the population of methanogen and increased the sulfate-reducing bacteria population during 24 h of incubation. 24315807 8 9 theme microflora 855:864 arg1 composition 866:876 the microflora composition 851:876 the microflora composition 851:876 Furthermore, lactulose altered the microflora composition, increased equol production associated with a reduction in the population of methanogen and increased the sulfate-reducing bacteria population during 24 h of incubation. 24315807 1 10 contain has 145:147 arg1 Equol 139:143 Equol 139:143 Equol 139:143 Equol has higher biological effects than other isoflavones. 24315807 1 10 contain has 145:147 arg2 effects 167:173 higher biological effects 149:173 higher biological effects 149:173 Equol has higher biological effects than other isoflavones. 24315807 5 11 theme fecal 582:586 arg1 microbiota 588:597 sows' fecal microbiota 576:597 sows' fecal microbiota 576:597 The effect of lactulose on transformation of daidzein into equol by sows' fecal microbiota was investigated. 24315807 9 12 theme DHD 1162:1164 arg1 pathway 1167:1173 a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway 1143:1173 a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway 1143:1173 Here, we report for the first time that in a certain condition (sealing or high pressure), via a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway equol might be able to reform to daidzein by further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate. 24315807 2 13 theme capable 257:263 arg1 microbiota 246:255 a microbiota 244:255 a microbiota capable of producing equol from dietary daidzein 244:304 However, only about 30-50% of humans possess a microbiota capable of producing equol from dietary daidzein. 24315807 9 14 theme first 1072:1076 arg1 time 1078:1081 the first time 1068:1081 the first time 1068:1081 Here, we report for the first time that in a certain condition (sealing or high pressure), via a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway equol might be able to reform to daidzein by further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate. 24315807 1 15 theme biological 156:165 arg1 effects 167:173 higher biological effects 149:173 higher biological effects 149:173 Equol has higher biological effects than other isoflavones. 24315807 0 16 theme daidzein 104:111 arg1 fermentation 88:99 in vitro fermentation 79:99 in vitro fermentation of daidzein 79:111 Lactulose promotes equol production and changes the microbial community during in vitro fermentation of daidzein by fecal inocula of sows. 24315807 8 17 from reduction 924:932 arg1 population 941:950 the population 937:950 the population of methanogen 937:964 Furthermore, lactulose altered the microflora composition, increased equol production associated with a reduction in the population of methanogen and increased the sulfate-reducing bacteria population during 24 h of incubation. 24315807 8 18 theme bacteria 1001:1008 arg1 population 1010:1019 the sulfate-reducing bacteria population 980:1019 the sulfate-reducing bacteria population 980:1019 Furthermore, lactulose altered the microflora composition, increased equol production associated with a reduction in the population of methanogen and increased the sulfate-reducing bacteria population during 24 h of incubation. 24315807 6 19 theme growth 675:680 arg1 parameters 682:691 bacteria growth parameters 666:691 bacteria growth parameters 666:691 Results showed that lactulose treatment improved bacteria growth parameters, changing the kinetics of fermentation in vitro. 24315807 4 20 theme equol-promoting 472:486 arg1 in vitro 498:505 a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro 460:505 a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro 460:505 In this study, lactulose was used as a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro. 24315807 4 20 theme equol-promoting 472:486 arg1 lactulose 438:446 lactulose 438:446 lactulose 438:446 In this study, lactulose was used as a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro. 24315807 5 21 theme daidzein 553:560 arg1 transformation 535:548 transformation 535:548 transformation of daidzein into equol by sows' fecal microbiota 535:597 The effect of lactulose on transformation of daidzein into equol by sows' fecal microbiota was investigated. 24315807 2 22 theme dietary 289:295 arg1 daidzein 297:304 dietary daidzein 289:304 dietary daidzein 289:304 However, only about 30-50% of humans possess a microbiota capable of producing equol from dietary daidzein. 24315807 6 23 theme bacteria 666:673 arg1 parameters 682:691 bacteria growth parameters 666:691 bacteria growth parameters 666:691 Results showed that lactulose treatment improved bacteria growth parameters, changing the kinetics of fermentation in vitro. 24315807 1 24 theme other 180:184 arg1 isoflavones 186:196 other isoflavones 180:196 other isoflavones 180:196 Equol has higher biological effects than other isoflavones. 24315807 3 25 theme dietary 346:352 arg1 applications 354:365 dietary applications 346:365 dietary applications 346:365 In recent years, interest has grown in dietary applications to improve equol production in human and other animals. 24315807 0 26 theme fecal 116:120 arg1 inocula 122:128 fecal inocula 116:128 fecal inocula of sows 116:136 Lactulose promotes equol production and changes the microbial community during in vitro fermentation of daidzein by fecal inocula of sows. 24315807 9 27 theme certain 1093:1099 arg1 condition 1101:1109 a certain condition 1091:1109 a certain condition (sealing or high pressure) 1091:1136 Here, we report for the first time that in a certain condition (sealing or high pressure), via a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway equol might be able to reform to daidzein by further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate. 24315807 8 28 theme equol 889:893 arg1 production 895:904 equol production 889:904 equol production associated with a reduction in the population of methanogen 889:964 Furthermore, lactulose altered the microflora composition, increased equol production associated with a reduction in the population of methanogen and increased the sulfate-reducing bacteria population during 24 h of incubation. 24315807 10 29 theme equol 1359:1363 arg1 production 1365:1374 equol production in vivo or in vitro 1359:1394 production 1365:1374 This study proposes that "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" might be a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro. 24315807 0 30 theme sows 133:136 arg1 inocula 122:128 fecal inocula 116:128 fecal inocula of sows 116:136 Lactulose promotes equol production and changes the microbial community during in vitro fermentation of daidzein by fecal inocula of sows. 24315807 6 31 theme lactulose 637:645 arg1 treatment 647:655 lactulose treatment 637:655 lactulose treatment 637:655 Results showed that lactulose treatment improved bacteria growth parameters, changing the kinetics of fermentation in vitro. 24315807 5 32 from effect 512:517 arg1 transformation 535:548 transformation 535:548 transformation of daidzein into equol by sows' fecal microbiota 535:597 The effect of lactulose on transformation of daidzein into equol by sows' fecal microbiota was investigated. 24315807 3 33 theme other 408:412 arg1 animals 414:420 other animals 408:420 other animals 408:420 In recent years, interest has grown in dietary applications to improve equol production in human and other animals. 24315807 7 34 theme gas 782:784 arg1 production 786:795 total gas production 776:795 total gas production 776:795 Lactulose significantly increased total gas production, T1/2, Tmax, and Rmax. 24315807 4 35 used used 452:455 arg2 in vitro 498:505 a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro 460:505 a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro 460:505 In this study, lactulose was used as a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro. 24315807 4 35 used used 452:455 arg2 lactulose 438:446 lactulose 438:446 lactulose 438:446 In this study, lactulose was used as a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro. 24315807 0 36 dep in 79:80 arg1 vitro 82:86 vitro 82:86 vitro 82:86 Lactulose promotes equol production and changes the microbial community during in vitro fermentation of daidzein by fecal inocula of sows. 24315807 9 37 from able 1190:1193 arg1 condition 1101:1109 a certain condition 1091:1109 a certain condition (sealing or high pressure) 1091:1136 Here, we report for the first time that in a certain condition (sealing or high pressure), via a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway equol might be able to reform to daidzein by further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate. 24315807 0 38 theme microbial 52:60 arg1 community 62:70 the microbial community 48:70 the microbial community 48:70 Lactulose promotes equol production and changes the microbial community during in vitro fermentation of daidzein by fecal inocula of sows. 24315807 4 39 theme prebiotic 488:496 arg1 in vitro 498:505 a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro 460:505 a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro 460:505 In this study, lactulose was used as a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro. 24315807 4 39 theme prebiotic 488:496 arg1 lactulose 438:446 lactulose 438:446 lactulose 438:446 In this study, lactulose was used as a potential equol-promoting prebiotic in vitro. 24315807 9 40 from condition 1101:1109 arg1 able 1190:1193 able 1190:1193 able 1190:1193 Here, we report for the first time that in a certain condition (sealing or high pressure), via a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway equol might be able to reform to daidzein by further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate. 24315807 3 41 theme equol 378:382 arg1 production 384:393 equol production 378:393 equol production in human and other animals 378:420 In recent years, interest has grown in dietary applications to improve equol production in human and other animals. 24315807 10 42 theme novel 1338:1342 arg1 way 1344:1346 a novel way 1336:1346 a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro 1336:1394 This study proposes that "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" might be a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro. 24315807 10 42 theme novel 1338:1342 arg1 " 1325:1325 "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" 1296:1325 "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" 1296:1325 This study proposes that "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" might be a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro. 24315807 5 43 theme lactulose 522:530 arg1 effect 512:517 The effect 508:517 The effect of lactulose on transformation of daidzein into equol by sows' fecal microbiota 508:597 The effect of lactulose on transformation of daidzein into equol by sows' fecal microbiota was investigated. 24315807 7 44 theme total 776:780 arg1 production 786:795 total gas production 776:795 total gas production 776:795 Lactulose significantly increased total gas production, T1/2, Tmax, and Rmax. 24315807 6 45 theme in vitro 732:739 arg1 kinetics 707:714 the kinetics 703:714 the kinetics of fermentation in vitro 703:739 Results showed that lactulose treatment improved bacteria growth parameters, changing the kinetics of fermentation in vitro. 24315807 10 46 theme prebiotic 1316:1324 arg1 way 1344:1346 a novel way 1336:1346 a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro 1336:1394 This study proposes that "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" might be a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro. 24315807 10 46 theme prebiotic 1316:1324 arg1 " 1325:1325 "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" 1296:1325 "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" 1296:1325 This study proposes that "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" might be a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro. 24315807 9 47 theme high 1123:1126 arg1 pressure 1128:1135 high pressure 1123:1135 high pressure 1123:1135 Here, we report for the first time that in a certain condition (sealing or high pressure), via a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway equol might be able to reform to daidzein by further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate. 24315807 6 48 theme fermentation 719:730 arg1 in vitro 732:739 fermentation in vitro 719:739 fermentation in vitro 719:739 Results showed that lactulose treatment improved bacteria growth parameters, changing the kinetics of fermentation in vitro. 24315807 10 49 dep production 1365:1374 arg1 in vivo 1376:1382 in vivo 1376:1382 in vivo 1376:1382 This study proposes that "hydrogen-producing prebiotic" might be a novel way to promote equol production in vivo or in vitro. 24315807 3 50 theme recent 310:315 arg1 years 317:321 recent years 310:321 recent years 310:321 In recent years, interest has grown in dietary applications to improve equol production in human and other animals. 24315807 9 51 theme further 1220:1226 arg1 metabolism 1228:1237 further metabolism 1220:1237 further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate 1220:1268 Here, we report for the first time that in a certain condition (sealing or high pressure), via a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway equol might be able to reform to daidzein by further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate. 24315807 2 52 theme humans 229:234 arg1 humans 229:234 humans 229:234 humans 229:234 However, only about 30-50% of humans possess a microbiota capable of producing equol from dietary daidzein. 24315807 2 52 theme humans 229:234 arg1 % 224:224 only about 30-50% 208:224 only about 30-50% of humans 208:234 However, only about 30-50% of humans possess a microbiota capable of producing equol from dietary daidzein. 24315807 9 53 dep condition 1101:1109 arg1 sealing 1112:1118 sealing 1112:1118 sealing 1112:1118 Here, we report for the first time that in a certain condition (sealing or high pressure), via a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway equol might be able to reform to daidzein by further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate. 24315807 9 53 dep condition 1101:1109 arg1 pressure 1128:1135 high pressure 1123:1135 high pressure 1123:1135 Here, we report for the first time that in a certain condition (sealing or high pressure), via a dihydrodaidzein (DHD) pathway equol might be able to reform to daidzein by further metabolism using lactulose as a substrate. 24315807 0 54 theme equol 19:23 arg1 production 25:34 equol production 19:34 equol production 19:34 Lactulose promotes equol production and changes the microbial community during in vitro fermentation of daidzein by fecal inocula of sows. 24315807 8 55 theme methanogen 955:964 arg1 population 941:950 the population 937:950 the population of methanogen 937:964 Furthermore, lactulose altered the microflora composition, increased equol production associated with a reduction in the population of methanogen and increased the sulfate-reducing bacteria population during 24 h of incubation. 27911253 8 0 theme Phylogenetic 757:768 arg1 analysis 770:777 Phylogenetic analysis 757:777 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 757:810 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GKXT belonged to the genus Luteolibacter in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae. 27911253 7 1 theme diagnostic 667:676 arg1 acids 684:688 The diagnostic amino acids 663:688 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 663:719 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1  0 393:394  0 393:394  0 393:394 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1 % 362:362 18.4 % 357:362 18.4 % 357:362 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1 C16  348:351 C16  348:351 C16  348:351 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1 % 430:430 5.7 % 426:430 5.7 % 426:430 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1  1ω9c 332:336  1ω9c 332:336  1ω9c 332:336 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1 % 380:380 12.0 % 375:380 12.0 % 375:380 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1  0 422:423  0 422:423  0 422:423 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1  0 353:354  0 353:354  0 353:354 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1 % 402:402 30.1 % 397:402 30.1 % 397:402 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1 acids 316:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1 C14  366:369 C14  366:369 C14  366:369 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1  0 371:372  0 371:372  0 371:372 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1 % 344:344 15.4 % 339:344 15.4 % 339:344 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 2 dep C16  327:330 arg1 C16  327:330 C16  327:330 C16  327:330 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 8 3 theme strain 827:832 arg1 GKXT 834:837 strain GKXT 827:837 strain GKXT 827:837 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GKXT belonged to the genus Luteolibacter in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae. 27911253 13 4 theme type 1488:1491 arg1 52361T 1524:1529 type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T 1488:1529 type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T 1488:1529 nov. (type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T). 27911253 9 5 dep similarity 990:999 arg1 % 979:979 % 979:979 % 979:979 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 3 6 theme % 269:269 arg1 NaCl 277:280 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl 263:280 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %) 263:297 Strain GKXT was able to grow at 20-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5) and 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). 27911253 3 6 theme % 269:269 arg1 optimum 283:289 optimum 283:289 optimum 283:289 Strain GKXT was able to grow at 20-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5) and 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). 27911253 7 7 theme meso-diaminopimelic 731:749 arg1 acid 751:754 meso-diaminopimelic acid 731:754 meso-diaminopimelic acid 731:754 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27911253 10 8 theme MC 1202:1203 arg1 3726T 1205:1209 L. arcticus MC 3726T 1190:1209 L. arcticus MC 3726T 1190:1209 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T was 33.1 %. 27911253 1 9 theme deep 49:52 arg1 seawater 54:61 deep seawater 49:61 deep seawater 49:61 nov., isolated from deep seawater. 27911253 10 10 theme GKXT 1180:1183 arg1 value 1164:1168 DNA-DNA hybridization value 1142:1168 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T 1142:1209 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T was 33.1 %. 27911253 12 11 theme phylogenetic 1316:1327 arg1 characteristics 1348:1362 the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1289:1362 the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1289:1362 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 3 12 dep pH 233:234 arg1 optimum 245:251 optimum 245:251 optimum 245:251 Strain GKXT was able to grow at 20-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5) and 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). 27911253 13 13 theme strain 1493:1498 arg1 52361T 1524:1529 type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T 1488:1529 type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T 1488:1529 nov. (type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T). 27911253 8 14 theme rRNA 792:795 arg1 sequences 802:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GKXT belonged to the genus Luteolibacter in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae. 27911253 11 15 theme DNA 1254:1256 arg1 content 1231:1237 The G+C content 1223:1237 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1223:1256 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.5 mol%. 27911253 11 15 theme DNA 1254:1256 arg1 % 1270:1270 59.5 mol% 1262:1270 59.5 mol% 1262:1270 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.5 mol%. 27911253 8 16 theme gene 797:800 arg1 sequences 802:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GKXT belonged to the genus Luteolibacter in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae. 27911253 3 17 dep optimum 283:289 arg1 % 296:296 1.0 % 292:296 1.0 % 292:296 Strain GKXT was able to grow at 20-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5) and 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). 27911253 8 18 theme 16S 788:790 arg1 sequences 802:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GKXT belonged to the genus Luteolibacter in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae. 27911253 11 19 theme genomic 1246:1252 arg1 DNA 1254:1256 the genomic DNA 1242:1256 the genomic DNA 1242:1256 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.5 mol%. 27911253 5 20 theme unidentified 566:577 arg1 glycolipid 579:588 an unidentified glycolipid 563:588 an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids 563:613 Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. 27911253 5 21 contain contained 446:454 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 456:479 phosphatidylethanolamine 456:479 phosphatidylethanolamine 456:479 Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. 27911253 5 21 contain contained 446:454 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 536:557 diphosphatidylglycerol 536:557 diphosphatidylglycerol 536:557 Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. 27911253 5 21 contain contained 446:454 arg1 GKXT 441:444 Strain GKXT 434:444 Strain GKXT 434:444 Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. 27911253 5 21 contain contained 446:454 arg2 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 482:511 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 482:511 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 482:511 Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. 27911253 5 21 contain contained 446:454 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 514:533 phosphatidylglycerol 514:533 phosphatidylglycerol 514:533 Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. 27911253 5 21 contain contained 446:454 arg2 glycolipid 579:588 an unidentified glycolipid 563:588 an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids 563:613 Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. 27911253 12 22 theme phenotypic 1304:1313 arg1 characteristics 1348:1362 the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1289:1362 the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1289:1362 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 12 23 theme Luteolibacter 1453:1465 arg1 flavescens 1467:1476 Luteolibacter flavescens 1453:1476 Luteolibacter flavescens 1453:1476 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 10 24 with value 1164:1168 arg1 3726T 1205:1209 L. arcticus MC 3726T 1190:1209 L. arcticus MC 3726T 1190:1209 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T was 33.1 %. 27911253 7 25 theme peptidoglycan 707:719 arg1 acids 684:688 The diagnostic amino acids 663:688 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 663:719 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27911253 7 26 theme cell-wall 697:705 arg1 peptidoglycan 707:719 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 693:719 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 693:719 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27911253 8 27 theme genus 855:859 arg1 Luteolibacter 861:873 the genus Luteolibacter 851:873 the genus Luteolibacter in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae 851:907 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GKXT belonged to the genus Luteolibacter in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae. 27911253 10 28 theme DNA-DNA 1142:1148 arg1 hybridization 1150:1162 DNA-DNA hybridization 1142:1162 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T 1142:1209 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T was 33.1 %. 27911253 4 29 theme fatty 310:314 arg1  0 393:394  0 393:394  0 393:394 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 29 theme fatty 310:314 arg1 C16  348:351 C16  348:351 C16  348:351 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 29 theme fatty 310:314 arg1  1ω9c 332:336  1ω9c 332:336  1ω9c 332:336 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 29 theme fatty 310:314 arg1 C14  366:369 C14  366:369 C14  366:369 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 29 theme fatty 310:314 arg1  0 422:423  0 422:423  0 422:423 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 29 theme fatty 310:314 arg1  0 353:354  0 353:354  0 353:354 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 29 theme fatty 310:314 arg1 acids 316:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 29 theme fatty 310:314 arg1  0 371:372  0 371:372  0 371:372 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 29 theme fatty 310:314 arg1 C16  327:330 C16  327:330 C16  327:330 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 3 30 theme w/v 272:274 arg1 NaCl 277:280 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl 263:280 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %) 263:297 Strain GKXT was able to grow at 20-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5) and 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). 27911253 3 30 theme w/v 272:274 arg1 optimum 283:289 optimum 283:289 optimum 283:289 Strain GKXT was able to grow at 20-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5) and 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). 27911253 8 31 theme family 882:887 arg1 Verrucomicrobiaceae 889:907 the family Verrucomicrobiaceae 878:907 the family Verrucomicrobiaceae 878:907 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GKXT belonged to the genus Luteolibacter in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae. 27911253 3 32 theme Strain 174:179 arg1 GKXT 181:184 Strain GKXT 174:184 Strain GKXT 174:184 Strain GKXT was able to grow at 20-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5) and 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). 27911253 9 33 theme 16S 914:916 arg1 rRNA 918:921 The 16S rRNA 910:921 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain 910:950 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 5 34 theme polar 602:606 arg1 lipids 608:613 the main polar lipids 593:613 the main polar lipids 593:613 Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. 27911253 5 35 theme main 597:600 arg1 lipids 608:613 the main polar lipids 593:613 the main polar lipids 593:613 Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. 27911253 12 36 theme novel 1405:1409 arg1 species 1411:1417 a novel species 1403:1417 a novel species 1403:1417 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 9 37 theme rRNA 918:921 arg1 sequence 928:935 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 910:935 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain 910:950 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 13 38 theme GKXT=MCCC 1500:1508 arg1 52361T 1524:1529 type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T 1488:1529 type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T 1488:1529 nov. (type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T). 27911253 12 39 theme Luteolibacter 1432:1444 arg1 species 1411:1417 a novel species 1403:1417 a novel species 1403:1417 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 2 40 theme deep 159:162 arg1 seawater 164:171 deep seawater 159:171 deep seawater 159:171 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain, designated GKXT, was isolated from deep seawater. 27911253 12 41 theme strain 1365:1370 arg1 GKXT 1372:1375 strain GKXT 1365:1375 strain GKXT 1365:1375 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 9 42 theme gene 923:926 arg1 sequence 928:935 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 910:935 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain 910:950 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 2 43 attach isolated 145:152 arg1 seawater 164:171 deep seawater 159:171 deep seawater 159:171 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain, designated GKXT, was isolated from deep seawater. 27911253 2 43 attach isolated 145:152 arg2 strain 116:121 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain 64:121 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain 64:121 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain, designated GKXT, was isolated from deep seawater. 27911253 13 44 theme 1K03193T=KCTC 1510:1522 arg1 52361T 1524:1529 type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T 1488:1529 type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T 1488:1529 nov. (type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T). 27911253 5 45 theme Strain 434:439 arg1 GKXT 441:444 Strain GKXT 434:444 Strain GKXT 434:444 Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. 27911253 6 46 theme isoprenoid 625:634 arg1 menaquinone-9 648:660 menaquinone-9 648:660 menaquinone-9 648:660 The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-9. 27911253 6 46 theme isoprenoid 625:634 arg1 quinone 636:642 The only isoprenoid quinone 616:642 The only isoprenoid quinone 616:642 The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-9. 27911253 10 47 theme strain 1173:1178 arg1 GKXT 1180:1183 strain GKXT 1173:1183 strain GKXT 1173:1183 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T was 33.1 %. 27911253 9 48 theme sequence 981:988 arg1 similarity 990:999 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity 959:999 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity 959:999 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 12 49 theme genus 1426:1430 arg1 Luteolibacter 1432:1444 the genus Luteolibacter 1422:1444 the genus Luteolibacter 1422:1444 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 8 50 from Luteolibacter 861:873 arg1 Verrucomicrobiaceae 889:907 the family Verrucomicrobiaceae 878:907 the family Verrucomicrobiaceae 878:907 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GKXT belonged to the genus Luteolibacter in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae. 27911253 6 51 theme only 620:623 arg1 menaquinone-9 648:660 menaquinone-9 648:660 menaquinone-9 648:660 The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-9. 27911253 6 51 theme only 620:623 arg1 quinone 636:642 The only isoprenoid quinone 616:642 The only isoprenoid quinone 616:642 The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-9. 27911253 3 52 dep optimum 216:222 arg1 °C 228:229 25 °C 225:229 25 °C 225:229 Strain GKXT was able to grow at 20-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5) and 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). 27911253 2 53 theme Gram-stain-negative 72:90 arg1 strain 116:121 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain 64:121 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain 64:121 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain, designated GKXT, was isolated from deep seawater. 27911253 12 54 dep characteristics 1348:1362 arg1 the 1276:1278 the 1276:1278 the 1276:1278 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 12 54 dep characteristics 1348:1362 arg1 basis 1280:1284 basis 1280:1284 basis 1280:1284 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 12 55 theme genotypic 1293:1301 arg1 characteristics 1348:1362 the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1289:1362 the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1289:1362 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 9 56 dep % 979:979 arg1 93.3  974:978 93.3  974:978 93.3  974:978 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 9 56 dep % 979:979 arg1 93.5 965:968 93.5 965:968 93.5 965:968 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 2 57 theme novel 66:70 arg1 strain 116:121 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain 64:121 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain 64:121 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain, designated GKXT, was isolated from deep seawater. 27911253 9 58 theme MC 1053:1054 arg1 3726T 1056:1060 MC 3726T 1053:1060 MC 3726T 1053:1060 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 13 59 dep nov 1482:1484 arg1 52361T 1524:1529 type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T 1488:1529 type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T 1488:1529 nov. (type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T). 27911253 9 60 theme strain 945:950 arg1 sequence 928:935 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 910:935 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain 910:950 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 12 61 theme chemotaxonomic 1333:1346 arg1 characteristics 1348:1362 the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1289:1362 the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1289:1362 On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. 27911253 10 62 theme hybridization 1150:1162 arg1 value 1164:1168 DNA-DNA hybridization value 1142:1168 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T 1142:1209 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T was 33.1 %. 27911253 4 63 theme major 304:308 arg1  0 393:394  0 393:394  0 393:394 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 63 theme major 304:308 arg1 C16  348:351 C16  348:351 C16  348:351 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 63 theme major 304:308 arg1  1ω9c 332:336  1ω9c 332:336  1ω9c 332:336 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 63 theme major 304:308 arg1 C14  366:369 C14  366:369 C14  366:369 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 63 theme major 304:308 arg1  0 422:423  0 422:423  0 422:423 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 63 theme major 304:308 arg1  0 353:354  0 353:354  0 353:354 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 63 theme major 304:308 arg1 acids 316:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids 300:320 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 63 theme major 304:308 arg1  0 371:372  0 371:372  0 371:372 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 4 63 theme major 304:308 arg1 C16  327:330 C16  327:330 C16  327:330 The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). 27911253 10 64 theme arcticus 1193:1200 arg1 3726T 1205:1209 L. arcticus MC 3726T 1190:1209 L. arcticus MC 3726T 1190:1209 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T was 33.1 %. 27911253 11 65 theme mol 1267:1269 arg1 % 1270:1270 59.5 mol% 1262:1270 59.5 mol% 1262:1270 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.5 mol%. 27911253 11 65 theme mol 1267:1269 arg1 content 1231:1237 The G+C content 1223:1237 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1223:1256 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.5 mol%. 27911253 7 66 theme amino 678:682 arg1 acids 684:688 The diagnostic amino acids 663:688 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 663:719 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27911253 9 67 dep Luteolibacter 1030:1042 arg1 3726T 1056:1060 MC 3726T 1053:1060 MC 3726T 1053:1060 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 9 67 dep Luteolibacter 1030:1042 arg1 arcticus 1044:1051 Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T 1030:1139 arcticus 1044:1051 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. 27911253 3 68 theme 7.5 254:256 arg1 optimum 245:251 optimum 245:251 optimum 245:251 Strain GKXT was able to grow at 20-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5) and 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). 27911253 10 69 theme L. 1190:1191 arg1 3726T 1205:1209 L. arcticus MC 3726T 1190:1209 L. arcticus MC 3726T 1190:1209 DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T was 33.1 %. 27911253 2 70 dep Gram-stain-negative 72:90 arg1 non-motile 105:114 non-motile 105:114 non-motile 105:114 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain, designated GKXT, was isolated from deep seawater. 27911253 2 70 dep Gram-stain-negative 72:90 arg1 rod-shaped 93:102 rod-shaped 93:102 rod-shaped 93:102 A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain, designated GKXT, was isolated from deep seawater. 27911253 7 71 contain contained 721:729 arg1 acids 684:688 The diagnostic amino acids 663:688 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 663:719 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27911253 7 71 contain contained 721:729 arg2 acid 751:754 meso-diaminopimelic acid 731:754 meso-diaminopimelic acid 731:754 The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27911253 11 72 theme G+C 1227:1229 arg1 content 1231:1237 The G+C content 1223:1237 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1223:1256 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.5 mol%. 27911253 11 72 theme G+C 1227:1229 arg1 % 1270:1270 59.5 mol% 1262:1270 59.5 mol% 1262:1270 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.5 mol%. 27902309 3 0 theme non-motile 259:268 arg1 cocci 270:274 non-motile cocci 259:274 non-motile cocci showing oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities 259:332 Cells were non-motile cocci showing oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities. 27902309 6 1 theme unidentified 767:778 arg1 phospholipids 780:792 three unidentified phospholipids 761:792 three unidentified phospholipids 761:792 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 27902309 9 2 theme Phylogenetic 1038:1049 arg1 analysis 1051:1058 Phylogenetic analysis 1038:1058 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1038:1091 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 5 3 contain contained 443:451 arg2 quinones 653:660 the isoprenoid quinones 638:660 the isoprenoid quinones 638:660 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 3 contain contained 443:451 arg1 R1T 439:441 Strain R1T 432:441 Strain R1T 432:441 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 3 contain contained 443:451 arg2 acids 601:605 the major fatty acids 585:605 the major fatty acids 585:605 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 3 contain contained 443:451 arg2 iso-C16  453:460 iso-C16  453:460 iso-C16  453:460 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 4 dep iso-C17  495:502 arg1  0 525:526  0 525:526  0 525:526 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 4 dep iso-C17  495:502 arg1 C16  520:523  1ω9c/10-methyl C16  504:523 comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0 484:526 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 8 5 theme DNA 1019:1021 arg1 % 1035:1035 64.5 mol% 1027:1035 64.5 mol% 1027:1035 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.5 mol%. 27902309 8 5 theme DNA 1019:1021 arg1 content 996:1002 The G+C content 988:1002 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 988:1021 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.5 mol%. 27902309 6 6 theme unidentified 863:874 arg1 lipids 876:881 four unidentified lipids 858:881 four unidentified lipids 858:881 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 27902309 5 7 theme major 589:593 arg1 acids 601:605 the major fatty acids 585:605 the major fatty acids 585:605 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 7 theme major 589:593 arg1 iso-C16  453:460 iso-C16  453:460 iso-C16  453:460 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 9 8 theme gene 1078:1081 arg1 sequences 1083:1091 16S rRNA gene sequences 1069:1091 16S rRNA gene sequences 1069:1091 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 5 9 theme  1ω9c/10-methyl 504:518 arg1 C16  520:523  1ω9c/10-methyl C16  504:523 comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0 484:526 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 13 10 theme genus 1582:1586 arg1 Flexivirga 1588:1597 the genus Flexivirga 1578:1597 the genus Flexivirga 1578:1597 An emended description of the genus Flexivirga is also proposed. 27902309 2 11 dep Gram-staining-positive 133:154 arg1 aerobic 166:172 aerobic 166:172 aerobic 166:172 A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated R1T, was isolated from a rice paddy in South Korea. 27902309 5 12 theme fatty 595:599 arg1 acids 601:605 the major fatty acids 585:605 the major fatty acids 585:605 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 12 theme fatty 595:599 arg1 iso-C16  453:460 iso-C16  453:460 iso-C16  453:460 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 9 13 theme genus 1163:1167 arg1 7505T 1208:1212 the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T 1159:1212 the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %) 1159:1221 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 9 13 theme genus 1163:1167 arg1 % 1220:1220 97.7 % 1215:1220 97.7 % 1215:1220 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 10 14 theme novel 1404:1408 arg1 species 1410:1416 a novel species 1402:1416 a novel species 1402:1416 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 1 15 attach isolated 28:35 arg1 soil 42:45 soil 42:45 soil of a rice paddy 42:61 nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012. 27902309 1 15 attach isolated 28:35 arg2 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012. 27902309 9 16 theme 16S 1069:1071 arg1 sequences 1083:1091 16S rRNA gene sequences 1069:1091 16S rRNA gene sequences 1069:1091 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 9 17 theme Flexivirga 1262:1271 arg1 ST13T 1278:1282 Flexivirga alba ST13T 1262:1282 Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %) 1262:1291 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 9 17 theme Flexivirga 1262:1271 arg1 % 1290:1290 97.2 % 1285:1290 97.2 % 1285:1290 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 5 18 dep feature 473:479 arg1 iso-C17  495:502 comprising iso-C17  484:502 comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0 484:526 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 1 19 theme 2012 125:128 arg1 description 76:86 description 76:86 description of the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012 76:128 nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012. 27902309 3 20 theme catalase-positive 305:321 arg1 activities 323:332 oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities 284:332 oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities 284:332 Cells were non-motile cocci showing oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities. 27902309 10 21 theme Flexivirga 1462:1471 arg1 sp 1480:1481 the name Flexivirga oryzae sp 1453:1481 the name Flexivirga oryzae sp 1453:1481 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 9 22 theme rRNA 1073:1076 arg1 sequences 1083:1091 16S rRNA gene sequences 1069:1091 16S rRNA gene sequences 1069:1091 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 1 23 theme rice 52:55 arg1 paddy 57:61 a rice paddy 50:61 a rice paddy 50:61 nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012. 27902309 9 24 theme ST13T 1278:1282 arg1 members 1148:1154 the members 1144:1154 the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %) 1144:1291 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 0 25 theme oryzae 11:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Flexivirga oryzae sp 0:19 Flexivirga oryzae sp. 0:20 Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 10 26 theme properties 1351:1360 arg1 clear 1369:1373 clear 1369:1373 clear 1369:1373 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 10 27 theme strain 1380:1385 arg1 R1T 1387:1389 strain R1T 1380:1389 strain R1T 1380:1389 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 8 28 theme genomic 1011:1017 arg1 DNA 1019:1021 the genomic DNA 1007:1021 the genomic DNA 1007:1021 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.5 mol%. 27902309 1 29 theme paddy 57:61 arg1 soil 42:45 soil 42:45 soil of a rice paddy 42:61 nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012. 27902309 5 30 theme Strain 432:437 arg1 R1T 439:441 Strain R1T 432:441 Strain R1T 432:441 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 0 31 theme Flexivirga 0:9 arg1 sp 18:19 Flexivirga oryzae sp 0:19 Flexivirga oryzae sp. 0:20 Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 7 32 theme Gly 975:977 arg1 residue 979:985 a Gly residue 973:985 a Gly residue 973:985 The peptidoglycan type was A4α with an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge containing a Gly residue. 27902309 4 33 theme R1T 352:354 arg1 Growth 335:340 Growth 335:340 Growth of strain R1T 335:354 Growth of strain R1T was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27902309 5 34 dep iso-C16  453:460 arg1  1ω9c 576:580  1ω9c 576:580 iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c 453:580 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 34 dep iso-C16  453:460 arg1 anteiso-C17  563:574 anteiso-C17  563:574 anteiso-C17  563:574 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 34 dep iso-C16  453:460 arg1  0 556:557  0 556:557  0 556:557 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 34 dep iso-C16  453:460 arg1  0 462:463  0 462:463  0 462:463 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 34 dep iso-C16  453:460 arg1 feature 473:479 summed feature 9 466:481 summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0) 466:527 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 35 theme comprising 484:493 arg1 iso-C17  495:502 comprising iso-C17  484:502 comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0 484:526 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 10 36 theme phenotypic 1310:1319 arg1 properties 1351:1360 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1310:1360 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1310:1360 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 4 37 theme strain 345:350 arg1 R1T 352:354 strain R1T 345:354 strain R1T 345:354 Growth of strain R1T was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27902309 5 38 theme isoprenoid 642:651 arg1 iso-C16  453:460 iso-C16  453:460 iso-C16  453:460 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 38 theme isoprenoid 642:651 arg1 quinones 653:660 the isoprenoid quinones 638:660 the isoprenoid quinones 638:660 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 4 39 dep optimum 414:420 arg1 pH 423:424 pH 7.0 423:428 pH 7.0 423:428 Growth of strain R1T was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27902309 2 40 theme Gram-staining-positive 133:154 arg1 bacterium 174:182 A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium 131:182 A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium 131:182 A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated R1T, was isolated from a rice paddy in South Korea. 27902309 1 41 dep Anzai 112:116 arg1 al. 121:123 Flexivirga Anzai et al. 101:123 the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012 91:128 nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012. 27902309 7 42 contain containing 962:971 arg1 bridge 955:960 an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge 920:960 an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge containing a Gly residue 920:985 The peptidoglycan type was A4α with an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge containing a Gly residue. 27902309 7 42 contain containing 962:971 arg2 residue 979:985 a Gly residue 973:985 a Gly residue 973:985 The peptidoglycan type was A4α with an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge containing a Gly residue. 27902309 10 43 theme oryzae 1473:1478 arg1 sp 1480:1481 the name Flexivirga oryzae sp 1453:1481 the name Flexivirga oryzae sp 1453:1481 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 10 44 theme Flexivirga 1431:1440 arg1 species 1410:1416 a novel species 1402:1416 a novel species 1402:1416 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 7 45 theme l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu 923:940 arg1 bridge 955:960 an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge 920:960 an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge containing a Gly residue 920:985 The peptidoglycan type was A4α with an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge containing a Gly residue. 27902309 9 46 theme strain 1105:1110 arg1 R1T 1112:1114 strain R1T 1105:1114 strain R1T 1105:1114 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 10 47 theme molecular 1341:1349 arg1 properties 1351:1360 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1310:1360 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1310:1360 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 12 48 theme type 1506:1509 arg1 R1T 1521:1523 R1T 1521:1523 R1T (=KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T) 1521:1549 The type strain is R1T (=KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T). 27902309 12 48 theme type 1506:1509 arg1 strain 1511:1516 The type strain 1502:1516 The type strain 1502:1516 The type strain is R1T (=KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T). 27902309 9 49 theme 7505T 1208:1212 arg1 members 1148:1154 the members 1144:1154 the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %) 1144:1291 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 5 50 theme MK-8 625:628 arg1 H6 631:632 MK-8 (H6) 625:633 MK-8 (H6) 625:633 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 7 51 theme interpeptide 942:953 arg1 bridge 955:960 an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge 920:960 an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge containing a Gly residue 920:985 The peptidoglycan type was A4α with an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge containing a Gly residue. 27902309 9 52 theme YIM 1204:1206 arg1 7505T 1208:1212 the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T 1159:1212 the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %) 1159:1221 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 9 52 theme YIM 1204:1206 arg1 % 1220:1220 97.7 % 1215:1220 97.7 % 1215:1220 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 7 53 theme peptidoglycan 888:900 arg1 type 902:905 The peptidoglycan type 884:905 The peptidoglycan type 884:905 The peptidoglycan type was A4α with an l-Lys-l-Ser2-d-Glu interpeptide bridge containing a Gly residue. 27902309 10 54 theme name 1457:1460 arg1 sp 1480:1481 the name Flexivirga oryzae sp 1453:1481 the name Flexivirga oryzae sp 1453:1481 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 6 55 theme unidentified 800:811 arg1 aminolipids 813:823 four unidentified aminolipids 795:823 four unidentified aminolipids 795:823 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 27902309 8 56 theme G+C 992:994 arg1 % 1035:1035 64.5 mol% 1027:1035 64.5 mol% 1027:1035 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.5 mol%. 27902309 8 56 theme G+C 992:994 arg1 content 996:1002 The G+C content 988:1002 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 988:1021 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.5 mol%. 27902309 6 57 theme unidentified 830:841 arg1 glycolipid 843:852 one unidentified glycolipid 826:852 one unidentified glycolipid 826:852 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 27902309 13 58 theme Flexivirga 1588:1597 arg1 description 1563:1573 An emended description 1552:1573 An emended description of the genus Flexivirga 1552:1597 An emended description of the genus Flexivirga is also proposed. 27902309 9 59 theme alba 1273:1276 arg1 ST13T 1278:1282 Flexivirga alba ST13T 1262:1282 Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %) 1262:1291 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 9 59 theme alba 1273:1276 arg1 % 1290:1290 97.2 % 1285:1290 97.2 % 1285:1290 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 10 60 dep properties 1351:1360 arg1 the 1297:1299 the 1297:1299 the 1297:1299 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 10 60 dep properties 1351:1360 arg1 basis 1301:1305 basis 1301:1305 basis 1301:1305 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 6 61 theme polar 667:671 arg1 lipids 673:678 The polar lipids 663:678 The polar lipids 663:678 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 27902309 1 62 theme Anzai 112:116 arg1 2012 125:128 the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012 91:128 the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012 91:128 nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012. 27902309 5 63 theme summed 466:471 arg1  0 462:463  0 462:463  0 462:463 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 5 63 theme summed 466:471 arg1 feature 473:479 summed feature 9 466:481 summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0) 466:527 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 2 64 from paddy 226:230 arg1 Korea 241:245 Korea 241:245 Korea 241:245 A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated R1T, was isolated from a rice paddy in South Korea. 27902309 10 65 theme chemotaxonomic 1322:1335 arg1 properties 1351:1360 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1310:1360 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties 1310:1360 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 8 66 theme 64.5 mol 1027:1034 arg1 % 1035:1035 64.5 mol% 1027:1035 64.5 mol% 1027:1035 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.5 mol%. 27902309 8 66 theme 64.5 mol 1027:1034 arg1 content 996:1002 The G+C content 988:1002 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 988:1021 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.5 mol%. 27902309 12 67 theme 18597T=JCM 1532:1541 arg1 31060T 1543:1548 =KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T 1526:1548 =KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T 1526:1548 The type strain is R1T (=KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T). 27902309 12 67 theme 18597T=JCM 1532:1541 arg1 R1T 1521:1523 R1T 1521:1523 R1T (=KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T) 1521:1549 The type strain is R1T (=KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T). 27902309 9 68 theme Flexivirga 1224:1233 arg1 luteaTBS-100T 1235:1247 Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T 1224:1247 Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) 1224:1256 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 9 68 theme Flexivirga 1224:1233 arg1 % 1255:1255 97.5 % 1250:1255 97.5 % 1250:1255 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 2 69 theme rice 221:224 arg1 paddy 226:230 a rice paddy 219:230 a rice paddy in South Korea 219:245 A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated R1T, was isolated from a rice paddy in South Korea. 27902309 10 70 theme genus 1425:1429 arg1 Flexivirga 1431:1440 the genus Flexivirga 1421:1440 the genus Flexivirga 1421:1440 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga oryzae sp. 27902309 1 71 theme genus 95:99 arg1 2012 125:128 the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012 91:128 the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012 91:128 nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga Anzai et al. 2012. 27902309 9 72 theme luteaTBS-100T 1235:1247 arg1 members 1148:1154 the members 1144:1154 the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %) 1144:1291 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R1T was most closely related to the members of the genus Flexivirga, Flexivirga endophytica YIM 7505T (97.7 %), Flexivirga luteaTBS-100T (97.5 %) and Flexivirga alba ST13T (97.2 %). 27902309 5 73 theme MK-8 611:614 arg1 H4 617:618 MK-8 (H4) 611:619 MK-8 (H4) 611:619 Strain R1T contained iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids and MK-8 (H4) and MK-8 (H6) as the isoprenoid quinones. 27902309 12 74 theme =KACC 1526:1530 arg1 31060T 1543:1548 =KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T 1526:1548 =KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T 1526:1548 The type strain is R1T (=KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T). 27902309 12 74 theme =KACC 1526:1530 arg1 R1T 1521:1523 R1T 1521:1523 R1T (=KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T) 1521:1549 The type strain is R1T (=KACC 18597T=JCM 31060T). 27902309 3 75 theme oxidase-negative 284:299 arg1 activities 323:332 oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities 284:332 oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities 284:332 Cells were non-motile cocci showing oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities. 27902309 13 76 theme emended 1555:1561 arg1 description 1563:1573 An emended description 1552:1573 An emended description of the genus Flexivirga 1552:1597 An emended description of the genus Flexivirga is also proposed. 27902309 4 77 located observed 360:367 arg2 Growth 335:340 Growth 335:340 Growth of strain R1T 335:354 Growth of strain R1T was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27902309 4 77 located observed 360:367 arg1 pH 402:403 pH 5.0-9.0 402:411 pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) 402:429 Growth of strain R1T was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27902309 4 77 located observed 360:367 arg1 optimum 414:420 optimum 414:420 optimum 414:420 Growth of strain R1T was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27902309 4 77 located observed 360:367 arg1 10-37 °C 372:379 10-37 °C 372:379 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) 372:396 Growth of strain R1T was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27902309 4 78 dep 10-37 °C 372:379 arg1 30 °C 391:395 30 °C 391:395 30 °C 391:395 Growth of strain R1T was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27902309 4 78 dep 10-37 °C 372:379 arg1 optimum 382:388 optimum 382:388 optimum 382:388 Growth of strain R1T was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). 27902309 2 79 attach isolated 205:212 arg2 bacterium 174:182 A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium 131:182 A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium 131:182 A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated R1T, was isolated from a rice paddy in South Korea. 27902309 2 79 attach isolated 205:212 arg1 paddy 226:230 a rice paddy 219:230 a rice paddy in South Korea 219:245 A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated R1T, was isolated from a rice paddy in South Korea. 27667170 2 0 theme polyphasic 304:313 arg1 methods 325:331 polyphasic taxonomic methods 304:331 polyphasic taxonomic methods 304:331 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 10 1 theme FeSTC15-38T 1298:1308 arg1 D10 1283:1285 D10 1283:1285 D10 1283:1285 Resistance to gamma radiation (D10) of strain FeSTC15-38T was <3.0 kGy. 27667170 10 1 theme FeSTC15-38T 1298:1308 arg1 radiation 1272:1280 gamma radiation 1266:1280 gamma radiation (D10) of strain FeSTC15-38T 1266:1308 Resistance to gamma radiation (D10) of strain FeSTC15-38T was <3.0 kGy. 27667170 6 2 dep Deinococcus 822:832 arg1 aerophilus 834:843 aerophilus 834:843 aerophilus 834:843 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 13 3 theme =NCAIM 1509:1514 arg1 FeSTC15-38T 1496:1506 FeSTC15-38T 1496:1506 FeSTC15-38T (=NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T) 1496:1536 The type strain is FeSTC15-38T (=NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T). 27667170 13 3 theme =NCAIM 1509:1514 arg1 101791T 1529:1535 =NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T 1509:1535 =NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T 1509:1535 The type strain is FeSTC15-38T (=NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T). 27667170 6 4 theme Deinococcus 822:832 arg1 % 861:861 92.7 % 856:861 92.7 % 856:861 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 6 4 theme Deinococcus 822:832 arg1 5516T-11T 845:853 Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T 822:853 Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %) 822:862 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 7 5 theme DNA 869:871 arg1 content 877:883 The DNA G+C content 865:883 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 865:903 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.2 mol%. 27667170 7 5 theme DNA 869:871 arg1 % 917:917 68.2 mol% 909:917 68.2 mol% 909:917 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.2 mol%. 27667170 10 6 theme strain 1291:1296 arg1 FeSTC15-38T 1298:1308 strain FeSTC15-38T 1291:1308 strain FeSTC15-38T 1291:1308 Resistance to gamma radiation (D10) of strain FeSTC15-38T was <3.0 kGy. 27667170 6 7 theme Deinococcus 780:790 arg1 % 815:815 93.3 % 810:815 93.3 % 810:815 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 6 7 theme Deinococcus 780:790 arg1 PB314T 802:807 Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T 780:807 Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) 780:816 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 8 8 theme cell-wall 997:1005 arg1 l-Orn-Gly2-3 1034:1045 A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3 1030:1045 A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3 1030:1045 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 8 8 theme cell-wall 997:1005 arg1 type 1021:1024 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 993:1024 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 993:1024 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 11 9 theme Deinococcus 1433:1443 arg1 sp 1455:1456 the name Deinococcus budaensis sp 1424:1456 the name Deinococcus budaensis sp 1424:1456 According to phenotypic and genotypic data, strain FeSTC15-38T represents a novel species for which the name Deinococcus budaensis sp. 27667170 5 10 theme 16S 592:594 arg1 rRNA 596:599 the 16S rRNA 588:599 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 588:628 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 7 11 theme G+C 873:875 arg1 content 877:883 The DNA G+C content 865:883 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 865:903 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.2 mol%. 27667170 7 11 theme G+C 873:875 arg1 % 917:917 68.2 mol% 909:917 68.2 mol% 909:917 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.2 mol%. 27667170 8 12 theme predominant 924:934 arg1 acids 942:946 The predominant fatty acids 920:946 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) 920:954 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 8 12 theme predominant 924:934 arg1 % 953:953 >10 % 949:953 >10 % 949:953 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 8 12 theme predominant 924:934 arg1 iso-C16  961:968 iso-C16  961:968 iso-C16  961:968 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 11 13 theme strain 1368:1373 arg1 FeSTC15-38T 1375:1385 strain FeSTC15-38T 1368:1385 strain FeSTC15-38T 1368:1385 According to phenotypic and genotypic data, strain FeSTC15-38T represents a novel species for which the name Deinococcus budaensis sp. 27667170 11 14 theme budaensis 1445:1453 arg1 sp 1455:1456 the name Deinococcus budaensis sp 1424:1456 the name Deinococcus budaensis sp 1424:1456 According to phenotypic and genotypic data, strain FeSTC15-38T represents a novel species for which the name Deinococcus budaensis sp. 27667170 5 15 theme rRNA 596:599 arg1 sequence 606:613 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 588:613 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 588:628 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 6 16 theme Deinococcus 740:750 arg1 % 776:776 94.1 % 771:776 94.1 % 771:776 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 6 16 theme Deinococcus 740:750 arg1 KR-140T 762:768 Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T 740:768 Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %) 740:777 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 2 17 from cave 185:188 arg1 sample 151:156 a biofilm sample 141:156 a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) 141:222 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 2 17 from cave 185:188 arg1 exposure 129:136 the exposure 125:136 the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation 125:241 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 9 18 theme major 1158:1162 arg1 MK-8 1146:1149 MK-8 1146:1149 MK-8 1146:1149 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 9 18 theme major 1158:1162 arg1 menaquinone 1164:1174 the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids 1154:1213 menaquinone 1164:1174 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 11 19 theme novel 1400:1404 arg1 species 1406:1412 a novel species 1398:1412 a novel species for which the name Deinococcus budaensis sp 1398:1456 According to phenotypic and genotypic data, strain FeSTC15-38T represents a novel species for which the name Deinococcus budaensis sp. 27667170 2 20 theme gamma 227:231 arg1 radiation 233:241 gamma radiation 227:241 gamma radiation 227:241 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 8 21 theme strain 1084:1089 arg1 assignment 1066:1075 the assignment 1062:1075 the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus 1062:1114 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 8 22 theme peptidoglycan 1007:1019 arg1 l-Orn-Gly2-3 1034:1045 A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3 1030:1045 A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3 1030:1045 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 8 22 theme peptidoglycan 1007:1019 arg1 type 1021:1024 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 993:1024 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 993:1024 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 5 23 theme Phylogenetic 557:568 arg1 analysis 570:577 Phylogenetic analysis 557:577 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 557:628 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 11 24 theme name 1428:1431 arg1 sp 1455:1456 the name Deinococcus budaensis sp 1424:1456 the name Deinococcus budaensis sp 1424:1456 According to phenotypic and genotypic data, strain FeSTC15-38T represents a novel species for which the name Deinococcus budaensis sp. 27667170 9 25 contain contained 1136:1144 arg2 MK-8 1146:1149 MK-8 1146:1149 MK-8 1146:1149 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 9 25 contain contained 1136:1144 arg1 FeSTC15-38T 1124:1134 Strain FeSTC15-38T 1117:1134 Strain FeSTC15-38T 1117:1134 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 9 25 contain contained 1136:1144 arg2 phospholipids 1201:1213 the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids 1154:1213 phospholipids 1201:1213 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 9 25 contain contained 1136:1144 arg2 menaquinone 1164:1174 the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids 1154:1213 menaquinone 1164:1174 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 9 25 contain contained 1136:1144 arg2 glycolipids 1216:1226 glycolipids 1216:1226 glycolipids 1216:1226 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 9 25 contain contained 1136:1144 arg2 phosphoglycolipids 1232:1249 phosphoglycolipids 1232:1249 phosphoglycolipids 1232:1249 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 0 26 theme budaensis 12:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Deinococcus budaensis sp 0:23 Deinococcus budaensis sp. 0:24 Deinococcus budaensis sp. 27667170 5 27 with 20-37 °C 521:528 arg1 optimum 539:545 an optimum 536:545 an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus 536:689 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 1 28 theme biofilm 69:75 arg1 sample 77:82 a biofilm sample 67:82 a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave 67:112 nov., a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave. 27667170 0 29 theme Deinococcus 0:10 arg1 sp 22:23 Deinococcus budaensis sp 0:23 Deinococcus budaensis sp. 0:24 Deinococcus budaensis sp. 27667170 1 30 attach isolated 53:60 arg2 species 45:51 a mesophilic species 32:51 a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave 32:112 nov., a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave. 27667170 1 30 attach isolated 53:60 arg1 sample 77:82 a biofilm sample 67:82 a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave 67:112 nov., a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave. 27667170 6 31 theme sequence 704:711 arg1 similarities 713:724 The highest sequence similarities 692:724 The highest sequence similarities 692:724 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 6 32 dep Deinococcus 740:750 arg1 hopiensis 752:760 hopiensis 752:760 hopiensis 752:760 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 9 33 theme unidentified 1188:1199 arg1 phospholipids 1201:1213 the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids 1154:1213 phospholipids 1201:1213 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 9 33 theme unidentified 1188:1199 arg1 MK-8 1146:1149 MK-8 1146:1149 MK-8 1146:1149 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 5 34 theme isolate 622:628 arg1 sequence 606:613 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 588:613 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 588:628 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 6 35 theme highest 696:702 arg1 similarities 713:724 The highest sequence similarities 692:724 The highest sequence similarities 692:724 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 7 36 theme mol 914:916 arg1 % 917:917 68.2 mol% 909:917 68.2 mol% 909:917 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.2 mol%. 27667170 7 36 theme mol 914:916 arg1 content 877:883 The DNA G+C content 865:883 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 865:903 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.2 mol%. 27667170 5 37 from 28 °C. 550:555 arg1 optimum 539:545 an optimum 536:545 an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus 536:689 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 9 38 theme several 1180:1186 arg1 phospholipids 1201:1213 the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids 1154:1213 phospholipids 1201:1213 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 9 38 theme several 1180:1186 arg1 MK-8 1146:1149 MK-8 1146:1149 MK-8 1146:1149 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 8 39 theme genus 1098:1102 arg1 Deinococcus 1104:1114 the genus Deinococcus 1094:1114 the genus Deinococcus 1094:1114 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 8 40 dep iso-C16  961:968 arg1  0 970:971  0 970:971  0 970:971 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 8 40 dep iso-C16  961:968 arg1 C16  977:980 C16  977:980 C16  977:980 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 13 41 theme B.02630T=DSM 1516:1527 arg1 FeSTC15-38T 1496:1506 FeSTC15-38T 1496:1506 FeSTC15-38T (=NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T) 1496:1536 The type strain is FeSTC15-38T (=NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T). 27667170 13 41 theme B.02630T=DSM 1516:1527 arg1 101791T 1529:1535 =NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T 1509:1535 =NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T 1509:1535 The type strain is FeSTC15-38T (=NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T). 27667170 2 42 theme sample 151:156 arg1 exposure 129:136 the exposure 125:136 the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation 125:241 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 6 43 dep Deinococcus 780:790 arg1 aquaticus 792:800 aquaticus 792:800 aquaticus 792:800 The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). 27667170 2 44 theme biofilm 143:149 arg1 sample 151:156 a biofilm sample 141:156 a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) 141:222 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 13 45 theme type 1481:1484 arg1 FeSTC15-38T 1496:1506 FeSTC15-38T 1496:1506 FeSTC15-38T (=NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T) 1496:1536 The type strain is FeSTC15-38T (=NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T). 27667170 13 45 theme type 1481:1484 arg1 strain 1486:1491 The type strain 1477:1491 The type strain 1477:1491 The type strain is FeSTC15-38T (=NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T). 27667170 8 46 theme A3β 1030:1032 arg1 l-Orn-Gly2-3 1034:1045 A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3 1030:1045 A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3 1030:1045 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 8 46 theme A3β 1030:1032 arg1 type 1021:1024 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 993:1024 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 993:1024 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 4 47 from pH 476:477 arg1 optimum 465:471 an optimum 462:471 an optimum at pH 7.0 462:481 The pH range for growth was pH 6.0-9.0, with an optimum at pH 7.0. 27667170 5 48 theme gene 601:604 arg1 sequence 606:613 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 588:613 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 588:628 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 4 49 theme pH 421:422 arg1 pH 6.0-9.0 445:454 pH 6.0-9.0 445:454 pH 6.0-9.0 445:454 The pH range for growth was pH 6.0-9.0, with an optimum at pH 7.0. 27667170 4 49 theme pH 421:422 arg1 range 424:428 The pH range 417:428 The pH range for growth 417:439 The pH range for growth was pH 6.0-9.0, with an optimum at pH 7.0. 27667170 5 50 theme temperature 488:498 arg1 20-37 °C 521:528 20-37 °C 521:528 20-37 °C 521:528 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 5 50 theme temperature 488:498 arg1 range 500:504 The temperature range 484:504 The temperature range for growth 484:515 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 1 51 theme hydrothermal 89:100 arg1 cave 109:112 a hydrothermal spring cave 87:112 a hydrothermal spring cave 87:112 nov., a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave. 27667170 2 52 from exposure 129:136 arg1 Hungary 215:221 Hungary 215:221 Hungary 215:221 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 2 52 from exposure 129:136 arg1 cave 185:188 a hydrothermal spring cave 163:188 a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) 163:222 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 8 53 theme fatty 936:940 arg1 acids 942:946 The predominant fatty acids 920:946 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) 920:954 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 8 53 theme fatty 936:940 arg1 % 953:953 >10 % 949:953 >10 % 949:953 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 8 53 theme fatty 936:940 arg1 iso-C16  961:968 iso-C16  961:968 iso-C16  961:968 The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 7 54 theme strain 898:903 arg1 content 877:883 The DNA G+C content 865:883 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 865:903 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.2 mol%. 27667170 7 54 theme strain 898:903 arg1 % 917:917 68.2 mol% 909:917 68.2 mol% 909:917 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.2 mol%. 27667170 1 55 theme spring 102:107 arg1 cave 109:112 a hydrothermal spring cave 87:112 a hydrothermal spring cave 87:112 nov., a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave. 27667170 11 56 theme genotypic 1352:1360 arg1 data 1362:1365 phenotypic and genotypic data 1337:1365 phenotypic and genotypic data 1337:1365 According to phenotypic and genotypic data, strain FeSTC15-38T represents a novel species for which the name Deinococcus budaensis sp. 27667170 2 57 theme spring 178:183 arg1 Hungary 215:221 Hungary 215:221 Hungary 215:221 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 2 57 theme spring 178:183 arg1 cave 185:188 a hydrothermal spring cave 163:188 a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) 163:222 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 10 58 theme gamma 1266:1270 arg1 D10 1283:1285 D10 1283:1285 D10 1283:1285 Resistance to gamma radiation (D10) of strain FeSTC15-38T was <3.0 kGy. 27667170 10 58 theme gamma 1266:1270 arg1 radiation 1272:1280 gamma radiation 1266:1280 gamma radiation (D10) of strain FeSTC15-38T 1266:1308 Resistance to gamma radiation (D10) of strain FeSTC15-38T was <3.0 kGy. 27667170 1 59 theme cave 109:112 arg1 sample 77:82 a biofilm sample 67:82 a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave 67:112 nov., a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave. 27667170 2 60 theme hydrothermal 165:176 arg1 Hungary 215:221 Hungary 215:221 Hungary 215:221 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 2 60 theme hydrothermal 165:176 arg1 cave 185:188 a hydrothermal spring cave 163:188 a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) 163:222 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27667170 11 61 theme phenotypic 1337:1346 arg1 data 1362:1365 phenotypic and genotypic data 1337:1365 phenotypic and genotypic data 1337:1365 According to phenotypic and genotypic data, strain FeSTC15-38T represents a novel species for which the name Deinococcus budaensis sp. 27667170 1 62 dep species 45:51 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave. 27667170 5 63 theme genus 673:677 arg1 Deinococcus 679:689 the genus Deinococcus 669:689 the genus Deinococcus 669:689 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 9 64 theme Strain 1117:1122 arg1 FeSTC15-38T 1124:1134 Strain FeSTC15-38T 1117:1134 Strain FeSTC15-38T 1117:1134 Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. 27667170 7 65 theme novel 892:896 arg1 strain 898:903 the novel strain 888:903 the novel strain 888:903 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.2 mol%. 27667170 3 66 theme spherical-shaped 338:353 arg1 cells 355:359 The spherical-shaped cells 334:359 The spherical-shaped cells 334:359 The spherical-shaped cells stained Gram-negative, and were aerobic and non-motile. 27667170 5 67 dep 28 °C. 550:555 arg1 indicated 630:638 indicated 630:638 indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus 630:689 The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. 27667170 1 68 theme mesophilic 34:43 arg1 species 45:51 a mesophilic species 32:51 a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave 32:112 nov., a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave. 27667170 2 69 theme taxonomic 315:323 arg1 methods 325:331 polyphasic taxonomic methods 304:331 polyphasic taxonomic methods 304:331 Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. 27609499 2 0 theme sequence 401:408 arg1 similarity 410:419 sequence similarity 401:419 sequence similarity 401:419 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 2 0 theme sequence 401:408 arg1 % 398:398 98.9 % 393:398 98.9 % 393:398 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 3 1 theme strain 576:581 arg1 36AT 583:586 strain 36AT 576:586 strain 36AT 576:586 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T was only 31.9±0.8. 27609499 2 2 theme genus 489:493 arg1 Arthrobacter 495:506 the related genus Arthrobacter 477:506 the related genus Arthrobacter 477:506 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 3 3 with relatedness 561:571 arg1 30849T 610:615 T. phoenicis DSM 30849T 593:615 T. phoenicis DSM 30849T 593:615 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T was only 31.9±0.8. 27609499 0 4 theme forest 60:65 arg1 soil 67:70 forest soil 60:70 forest soil 60:70 Tersicoccus solisilvae sp., nov., a bacterium isolated from forest soil. 27609499 3 5 theme DNA-DNA 553:559 arg1 relatedness 561:571 the DNA-DNA relatedness 549:571 the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T 549:615 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T was only 31.9±0.8. 27609499 3 5 theme DNA-DNA 553:559 arg1 31.9±0.8 626:633 31.9±0.8 626:633 31.9±0.8 626:633 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T was only 31.9±0.8. 27609499 2 6 theme related 481:487 arg1 Arthrobacter 495:506 the related genus Arthrobacter 477:506 the related genus Arthrobacter 477:506 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 7 7 theme Polar 860:864 arg1 lipids 866:871 Polar lipids 860:871 Polar lipids present 860:879 Polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two phospholipids, a glycolipid and four unknown lipids. 27609499 5 8 from % 777:777 arg1 growth 734:739 optimal growth 726:739 optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v) 726:783 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 10 9 theme phylogenetic 1187:1198 arg1 tests 1232:1236 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1187:1236 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1187:1236 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 2 10 theme other 432:436 arg1 member 438:443 the only other member 423:443 the only other member of the genus 423:456 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 2 10 theme other 432:436 arg1 phoenicis 382:390 Tersicoccus phoenicis 370:390 Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity) 370:420 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 10 11 dep Tersicoccus 1363:1373 arg1 solisilvae 1375:1384 solisilvae 1375:1384 solisilvae 1375:1384 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 2 12 theme analysis 232:239 arg1 results 198:204 the results 194:204 the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 194:239 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 6 13 theme Cell-wall 786:794 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 786:808 Cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 36AT 786:823 Cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 36AT was of type A11.20 (Lys-Ser-Ala2). 27609499 2 14 theme only 427:430 arg1 member 438:443 the only other member 423:443 the only other member of the genus 423:456 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 2 14 theme only 427:430 arg1 phoenicis 382:390 Tersicoccus phoenicis 370:390 Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity) 370:420 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 3 15 theme T. 593:594 arg1 30849T 610:615 T. phoenicis DSM 30849T 593:615 T. phoenicis DSM 30849T 593:615 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T was only 31.9±0.8. 27609499 2 16 theme sequence 518:525 arg1 similarity 527:536 sequence similarity 518:536 sequence similarity 518:536 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 2 16 theme sequence 518:525 arg1 % 515:515 <96.1 % 509:515 <96.1 % 509:515 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 2 17 theme sequence 223:230 arg1 analysis 232:239 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 209:239 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 209:239 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 3 18 theme phoenicis 596:604 arg1 30849T 610:615 T. phoenicis DSM 30849T 593:615 T. phoenicis DSM 30849T 593:615 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T was only 31.9±0.8. 27609499 10 19 theme biochemical 1220:1230 arg1 tests 1232:1236 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1187:1236 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1187:1236 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 2 20 theme gene 218:221 arg1 analysis 232:239 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 209:239 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 209:239 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 10 21 theme chemotaxonomic 1201:1214 arg1 tests 1232:1236 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1187:1236 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1187:1236 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 3 22 theme 36AT 583:586 arg1 relatedness 561:571 the DNA-DNA relatedness 549:571 the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T 549:615 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T was only 31.9±0.8. 27609499 3 22 theme 36AT 583:586 arg1 31.9±0.8 626:633 31.9±0.8 626:633 31.9±0.8 626:633 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T was only 31.9±0.8. 27609499 10 23 theme tests 1232:1236 arg1 results 1176:1182 The results 1172:1182 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1172:1236 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 2 24 theme rRNA 213:216 arg1 analysis 232:239 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 209:239 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 209:239 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 7 25 theme present 873:879 arg1 lipids 866:871 Polar lipids 860:871 Polar lipids present 860:879 Polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two phospholipids, a glycolipid and four unknown lipids. 27609499 5 26 from pH 751:752 arg1 growth 734:739 optimal growth 726:739 optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v) 726:783 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 9 27 theme strain 1092:1097 arg1 36AT 1099:1102 strain 36AT 1092:1102 strain 36AT 1092:1102 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27609499 5 28 theme aerobic 705:711 arg1 36AT 693:696 Strain 36AT 686:696 Strain 36AT 686:696 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 5 28 theme aerobic 705:711 arg1 microbe 713:719 an aerobic microbe 702:719 an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v) 702:783 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 7 29 theme unknown 995:1001 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 886:905 phosphatidylglycerol 886:905 phosphatidylglycerol 886:905 Polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two phospholipids, a glycolipid and four unknown lipids. 27609499 7 29 theme unknown 995:1001 arg1 lipids 1003:1008 four unknown lipids 990:1008 four unknown lipids 990:1008 Polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two phospholipids, a glycolipid and four unknown lipids. 27609499 2 30 theme Arthrobacter 495:506 arg1 members 466:472 members 466:472 members of the related genus Arthrobacter 466:506 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 2 31 theme Tersicoccus 307:317 arg1 member 287:292 a member 285:292 a member of the genus Tersicoccus 285:317 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 8 32 theme major 1015:1019 arg1 quinones 1032:1039 The major isoprenoid quinones 1011:1039 The major isoprenoid quinones 1011:1039 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H2) and MK-8 (H2). 27609499 8 32 theme major 1015:1019 arg1 MK-9 1046:1049 MK-9 1046:1049 MK-9 1046:1049 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H2) and MK-8 (H2). 27609499 2 33 theme genus 452:456 arg1 member 438:443 the only other member 423:443 the only other member of the genus 423:456 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 2 33 theme genus 452:456 arg1 phoenicis 382:390 Tersicoccus phoenicis 370:390 Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity) 370:420 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 5 34 from °C 747:748 arg1 growth 734:739 optimal growth 726:739 optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v) 726:783 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 1 35 theme Gram-stain-positive 75:93 arg1 36AT 143:146 36AT 143:146 36AT 143:146 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, 36AT, was isolated from Munnar, in India. 27609499 1 35 theme Gram-stain-positive 75:93 arg1 strain 135:140 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain 73:140 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain 73:140 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, 36AT, was isolated from Munnar, in India. 27609499 2 36 theme type 355:358 arg1 strain 360:365 the type strain 351:365 the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, 351:457 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 3 37 theme DSM 606:608 arg1 30849T 610:615 T. phoenicis DSM 30849T 593:615 T. phoenicis DSM 30849T 593:615 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 36AT with T. phoenicis DSM 30849T was only 31.9±0.8. 27609499 4 38 theme DNA 640:642 arg1 % 683:683 70.9 mol% 675:683 70.9 mol% 675:683 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT was 70.9 mol%. 27609499 4 38 theme DNA 640:642 arg1 content 648:654 The DNA G+C content 636:654 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT 636:669 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT was 70.9 mol%. 27609499 2 39 theme genus 301:305 arg1 Tersicoccus 307:317 the genus Tersicoccus 297:317 the genus Tersicoccus 297:317 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 10 40 theme Tersicoccus 1363:1373 arg1 sp 1386:1387 the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp 1354:1387 the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp 1354:1387 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 10 41 theme genus 1325:1329 arg1 Tersicoccus 1331:1341 the genus Tersicoccus 1321:1341 the genus Tersicoccus 1321:1341 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 2 42 dep related 340:346 arg1 similarity 527:536 sequence similarity 518:536 sequence similarity 518:536 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 2 42 dep related 340:346 arg1 % 515:515 <96.1 % 509:515 <96.1 % 509:515 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 10 43 theme Tersicoccus 1331:1341 arg1 member 1311:1316 a novel member 1303:1316 a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp 1303:1387 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 5 44 theme Strain 686:691 arg1 36AT 693:696 Strain 36AT 686:696 Strain 36AT 686:696 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 5 44 theme Strain 686:691 arg1 microbe 713:719 an aerobic microbe 702:719 an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v) 702:783 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 8 45 theme isoprenoid 1021:1030 arg1 quinones 1032:1039 The major isoprenoid quinones 1011:1039 The major isoprenoid quinones 1011:1039 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H2) and MK-8 (H2). 27609499 8 45 theme isoprenoid 1021:1030 arg1 MK-9 1046:1049 MK-9 1046:1049 MK-9 1046:1049 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H2) and MK-8 (H2). 27609499 10 46 theme name 1358:1361 arg1 sp 1386:1387 the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp 1354:1387 the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp 1354:1387 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 1 47 attach isolated 153:160 arg1 Munnar 167:172 Munnar 167:172 Munnar 167:172 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, 36AT, was isolated from Munnar, in India. 27609499 1 47 attach isolated 153:160 arg2 strain 135:140 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain 73:140 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain 73:140 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, 36AT, was isolated from Munnar, in India. 27609499 1 47 attach isolated 153:160 arg2 36AT 143:146 36AT 143:146 36AT 143:146 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, 36AT, was isolated from Munnar, in India. 27609499 4 48 theme 36AT 666:669 arg1 % 683:683 70.9 mol% 675:683 70.9 mol% 675:683 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT was 70.9 mol%. 27609499 4 48 theme 36AT 666:669 arg1 content 648:654 The DNA G+C content 636:654 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT 636:669 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT was 70.9 mol%. 27609499 6 49 theme type 832:835 arg1 Lys-Ser-Ala2 845:856 Lys-Ser-Ala2 845:856 Lys-Ser-Ala2 845:856 Cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 36AT was of type A11.20 (Lys-Ser-Ala2). 27609499 6 49 theme type 832:835 arg1 A11.20 837:842 type A11.20 832:842 type A11.20 (Lys-Ser-Ala2) 832:857 Cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 36AT was of type A11.20 (Lys-Ser-Ala2). 27609499 10 50 theme 36AT 1280:1283 arg1 differentiation 1254:1268 a clear differentiation 1246:1268 a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp 1246:1387 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 10 51 theme clear 1248:1252 arg1 differentiation 1254:1268 a clear differentiation 1246:1268 a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp 1246:1387 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 9 52 theme 36AT 1099:1102 arg1 acids 1083:1087 Major fatty acids 1071:1087 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT 1071:1102 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27609499 10 53 theme strain 1273:1278 arg1 36AT 1280:1283 strain 36AT 1273:1283 strain 36AT 1273:1283 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 2 54 theme phoenicis 382:390 arg1 strain 360:365 the type strain 351:365 the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, 351:457 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 5 55 with microbe 713:719 arg1 growth 734:739 optimal growth 726:739 optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v) 726:783 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 4 56 theme 70.9 675:678 arg1 mol 680:682 mol 680:682 mol 680:682 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT was 70.9 mol%. 27609499 9 57 theme Major 1071:1075 arg1 acids 1083:1087 Major fatty acids 1071:1087 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT 1071:1102 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27609499 10 58 theme novel 1305:1309 arg1 member 1311:1316 a novel member 1303:1316 a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp 1303:1387 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 36AT, which represents a novel member of the genus Tersicoccus, for which the name Tersicoccus solisilvae sp. 27609499 9 59 dep anteiso-C15  1109:1120 arg1  0 1152:1153  0 1152:1153  0 1152:1153 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27609499 9 59 dep anteiso-C15  1109:1120 arg1  0 1122:1123  0 1122:1123  0 1122:1123 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27609499 9 59 dep anteiso-C15  1109:1120 arg1  0 1168:1169  0 1168:1169  0 1168:1169 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27609499 9 59 dep anteiso-C15  1109:1120 arg1 iso-C15  1159:1166 iso-C15  1159:1166 iso-C15  1159:1166 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27609499 9 59 dep anteiso-C15  1109:1120 arg1  0 1139:1140  0 1139:1140  0 1139:1140 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27609499 2 60 theme 16S 209:211 arg1 analysis 232:239 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 209:239 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 209:239 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 2 61 dep phoenicis 382:390 arg1 similarity 410:419 sequence similarity 401:419 sequence similarity 401:419 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 2 61 dep phoenicis 382:390 arg1 % 398:398 98.9 % 393:398 98.9 % 393:398 Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Tersicoccus and was most closely related to the type strain of Tersicoccus phoenicis (98.9 %, sequence similarity), the only other member of the genus, and to members of the related genus Arthrobacter (<96.1 %, sequence similarity). 27609499 5 62 theme NaCl 766:769 arg1 w/v 780:782 w/v 780:782 w/v 780:782 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 5 62 theme NaCl 766:769 arg1 % 777:777 NaCl 0.5-3 % 766:777 NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v) 766:783 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 4 63 theme G+C 644:646 arg1 % 683:683 70.9 mol% 675:683 70.9 mol% 675:683 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT was 70.9 mol%. 27609499 4 63 theme G+C 644:646 arg1 content 648:654 The DNA G+C content 636:654 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT 636:669 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT was 70.9 mol%. 27609499 5 64 theme optimal 726:732 arg1 growth 734:739 optimal growth 726:739 optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v) 726:783 Strain 36AT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and NaCl 0.5-3 % (w/v). 27609499 12 65 theme 33776T=CGMCC 1440:1451 arg1 1.15480T 1453:1460 =KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T 1434:1460 =KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T 1434:1460 The type strain is 36AT (=KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T). 27609499 12 65 theme 33776T=CGMCC 1440:1451 arg1 36AT 1428:1431 36AT 1428:1431 36AT (=KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T) 1428:1461 The type strain is 36AT (=KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T). 27609499 4 66 theme strain 659:664 arg1 36AT 666:669 strain 36AT 659:669 strain 36AT 659:669 The DNA G+C content of strain 36AT was 70.9 mol%. 27609499 1 67 dep Gram-stain-positive 75:93 arg1 non-motile 105:114 non-motile 105:114 non-motile 105:114 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, 36AT, was isolated from Munnar, in India. 27609499 1 67 dep Gram-stain-positive 75:93 arg1 aerobic 96:102 aerobic 96:102 aerobic 96:102 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, 36AT, was isolated from Munnar, in India. 27609499 1 67 dep Gram-stain-positive 75:93 arg1 coccoid 117:123 coccoid 117:123 coccoid 117:123 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, 36AT, was isolated from Munnar, in India. 27609499 12 68 theme =KCTC 1434:1438 arg1 1.15480T 1453:1460 =KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T 1434:1460 =KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T 1434:1460 The type strain is 36AT (=KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T). 27609499 12 68 theme =KCTC 1434:1438 arg1 36AT 1428:1431 36AT 1428:1431 36AT (=KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T) 1428:1461 The type strain is 36AT (=KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T). 27609499 6 69 theme 36AT 820:823 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 786:808 Cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 36AT 786:823 Cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 36AT was of type A11.20 (Lys-Ser-Ala2). 27609499 9 70 theme fatty 1077:1081 arg1 acids 1083:1087 Major fatty acids 1071:1087 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT 1071:1102 Major fatty acids of strain 36AT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27609499 0 71 dep Tersicoccus 0:10 arg1 sp. 23:25 Tersicoccus solisilvae sp., nov. 0:31 sp. 23:25 Tersicoccus solisilvae sp., nov., a bacterium isolated from forest soil. 27609499 0 71 dep Tersicoccus 0:10 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 Tersicoccus solisilvae sp., nov., a bacterium isolated from forest soil. 27609499 1 72 theme bacterial 125:133 arg1 36AT 143:146 36AT 143:146 36AT 143:146 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, 36AT, was isolated from Munnar, in India. 27609499 1 72 theme bacterial 125:133 arg1 strain 135:140 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain 73:140 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain 73:140 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, 36AT, was isolated from Munnar, in India. 27609499 12 73 theme type 1413:1416 arg1 strain 1418:1423 The type strain 1409:1423 The type strain 1409:1423 The type strain is 36AT (=KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T). 27609499 12 73 theme type 1413:1416 arg1 36AT 1428:1431 36AT 1428:1431 36AT (=KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T) 1428:1461 The type strain is 36AT (=KCTC 33776T=CGMCC 1.15480T). 27609499 6 74 theme strain 813:818 arg1 36AT 820:823 strain 36AT 813:823 strain 36AT 813:823 Cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 36AT was of type A11.20 (Lys-Ser-Ala2). 27264701 4 0 theme Optimum 518:524 arg1 growth 526:531 Optimum growth 518:531 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T 518:551 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 3 1 theme robust 448:453 arg1 clade 455:459 a robust clade 446:459 a robust clade 446:459 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 7 2 theme unidentified 988:999 arg1 glycolipids 1001:1011 four unidentified glycolipids 983:1011 four unidentified glycolipids 983:1011 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 8 3 theme YIM 1126:1128 arg1 7505T 1130:1134 strain YIM 7505T 1119:1134 strain YIM 7505T 1119:1134 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T was 66.7 mol%. 27264701 3 4 theme alba 469:472 arg1 107580T 479:485 F. alba NBRC 107580T 466:485 F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree 466:515 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 8 5 theme G+C 1084:1086 arg1 contents 1088:1095 The G+C contents 1080:1095 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T 1080:1134 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T was 66.7 mol%. 27264701 8 5 theme G+C 1084:1086 arg1 % 1148:1148 66.7 mol% 1140:1148 66.7 mol% 1140:1148 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T was 66.7 mol%. 27264701 10 6 theme endophytica 1432:1442 arg1 sp 1444:1445 the name Flexivirga endophytica sp 1412:1445 the name Flexivirga endophytica sp 1412:1445 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 1 7 attach isolated 63:70 arg2 actinobacterium 47:61 an endophytic actinobacterium 33:61 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil 33:97 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 1 7 attach isolated 63:70 arg1 leaf 79:82 a leaf 77:82 a leaf of Sweet Basil 77:97 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 7 8 theme unidentified 955:966 arg1 phospholipids 968:980 six unidentified phospholipids 951:980 six unidentified phospholipids 951:980 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 8 9 theme mol 1145:1147 arg1 contents 1088:1095 The G+C contents 1080:1095 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T 1080:1134 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T was 66.7 mol%. 27264701 8 9 theme mol 1145:1147 arg1 % 1148:1148 66.7 mol% 1140:1148 66.7 mol% 1140:1148 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T was 66.7 mol%. 27264701 10 10 theme name 1416:1419 arg1 sp 1444:1445 the name Flexivirga endophytica sp 1412:1445 the name Flexivirga endophytica sp 1412:1445 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 5 11 theme cellular 713:720 arg1 acid 728:731 the major cellular fatty acid 703:731 the major cellular fatty acid 703:731 The chemotaxonomic profiles of the strain comprised of anteiso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H4) as the respiratory menaquinone. 27264701 8 12 theme genomic 1104:1110 arg1 DNA 1112:1114 the genomic DNA 1100:1114 the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T 1100:1134 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T was 66.7 mol%. 27264701 6 13 theme YIM 806:808 arg1 7505T 810:814 strain YIM 7505T 799:814 strain YIM 7505T 799:814 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T contained serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. 27264701 4 14 theme % 615:615 arg1 w/v 623:625 w/v 623:625 w/v 623:625 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 4 14 theme % 615:615 arg1 NaCl 617:620 0-3.0 % NaCl 609:620 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v) 609:626 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 1 15 dep actinobacterium 47:61 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 7 16 theme polar 882:886 arg1 lipids 888:893 The polar lipids 878:893 The polar lipids 878:893 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 2 17 theme Sweet 223:227 arg1 Basil 229:233 Sweet Basil 223:233 Sweet Basil 223:233 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain, designated YIM 7505T, was isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 3 18 theme sequence 288:295 arg1 comparisons 297:307 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 274:307 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 274:307 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 9 19 theme DNA-DNA 1151:1157 arg1 hybridizations 1159:1172 DNA-DNA hybridizations 1151:1172 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T 1151:1218 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T gave relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 %. 27264701 12 20 theme 39536T=CGMCC 1502:1513 arg1 1.15085T 1515:1522 =KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T 1496:1522 =KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T 1496:1522 The type strain is YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T). 27264701 12 20 theme 39536T=CGMCC 1502:1513 arg1 7505T 1489:1493 YIM 7505T 1485:1493 YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T) 1485:1523 The type strain is YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T). 27264701 3 21 theme rRNA 278:281 arg1 comparisons 297:307 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 274:307 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 274:307 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 10 22 theme present 1302:1308 arg1 study 1310:1314 the present study 1298:1314 the present study 1298:1314 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 5 23 theme respiratory 753:763 arg1 menaquinone 765:775 the respiratory menaquinone 749:775 the respiratory menaquinone 749:775 The chemotaxonomic profiles of the strain comprised of anteiso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H4) as the respiratory menaquinone. 27264701 3 24 theme strain 323:328 arg1 7505T 334:338 strain YIM 7505T 323:338 strain YIM 7505T 323:338 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 25 from 107580T 479:485 arg1 tree 512:515 the neighbour-joining tree 490:515 the neighbour-joining tree 490:515 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 9 26 theme YIM 1184:1186 arg1 7505T 1188:1192 strain YIM 7505T 1177:1192 strain YIM 7505T 1177:1192 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T gave relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 %. 27264701 12 27 theme YIM 1485:1487 arg1 1.15085T 1515:1522 =KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T 1496:1522 =KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T 1496:1522 The type strain is YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T). 27264701 12 27 theme YIM 1485:1487 arg1 strain 1475:1480 The type strain 1466:1480 The type strain 1466:1480 The type strain is YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T). 27264701 12 27 theme YIM 1485:1487 arg1 7505T 1489:1493 YIM 7505T 1485:1493 YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T) 1485:1523 The type strain is YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T). 27264701 2 28 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 leaf 215:218 a leaf 213:218 a leaf of Sweet Basil 213:233 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain, designated YIM 7505T, was isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 2 28 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 strain 165:170 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain 100:170 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain 100:170 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain, designated YIM 7505T, was isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 10 29 theme YIM 1324:1326 arg1 7505T 1328:1332 strain YIM 7505T 1317:1332 strain YIM 7505T 1317:1332 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 0 30 theme Flexivirga 0:9 arg1 sp 23:24 Flexivirga endophytica sp 0:24 Flexivirga endophytica sp. 0:25 Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 9 31 theme alba 1202:1205 arg1 107580T 1212:1218 F. alba NBRC 107580T 1199:1218 F. alba NBRC 107580T 1199:1218 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T gave relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 %. 27264701 3 32 theme gene 409:412 arg1 similarity 423:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 32 theme gene 409:412 arg1 107580T 384:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T 363:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 363:433 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 1 33 theme Basil 93:97 arg1 leaf 79:82 a leaf 77:82 a leaf of Sweet Basil 77:97 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 3 34 theme alba 374:377 arg1 107580T 384:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T 363:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 363:433 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 34 theme alba 374:377 arg1 similarity 423:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 6 35 contain contained 816:824 arg2 lysine 870:875 lysine 870:875 lysine 870:875 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T contained serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. 27264701 6 35 contain contained 816:824 arg1 peptidoglycan 782:794 The peptidoglycan 778:794 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T 778:814 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T contained serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. 27264701 6 35 contain contained 816:824 arg2 glycine 843:849 glycine 843:849 glycine 843:849 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T contained serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. 27264701 6 35 contain contained 816:824 arg2 serine 826:831 serine 826:831 serine 826:831 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T contained serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. 27264701 6 35 contain contained 816:824 arg2 alanine 834:840 alanine 834:840 alanine 834:840 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T contained serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. 27264701 6 35 contain contained 816:824 arg2 acid 861:864 glutamic acid 852:864 glutamic acid 852:864 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T contained serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. 27264701 3 36 theme 16S 400:402 arg1 similarity 423:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 36 theme 16S 400:402 arg1 107580T 384:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T 363:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 363:433 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 9 37 theme relatedness 1225:1235 arg1 values 1237:1242 relatedness values 1225:1242 relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 % 1225:1256 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T gave relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 %. 27264701 7 38 theme unidentified 1017:1028 arg1 aminolipid 1030:1039 an unidentified aminolipid 1014:1039 an unidentified aminolipid 1014:1039 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 5 39 dep profiles 648:655 arg1  0 697:698  0 697:698 The chemotaxonomic profiles of the strain comprised of anteiso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H4) as the respiratory menaquinone. 629:776 The chemotaxonomic profiles of the strain comprised of anteiso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H4) as the respiratory menaquinone. 27264701 2 40 dep Gram-reaction-positive 102:123 arg1 irregular 147:155 irregular 147:155 irregular 147:155 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain, designated YIM 7505T, was isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 2 40 dep Gram-reaction-positive 102:123 arg1 non-motile 135:144 non-motile 135:144 non-motile 135:144 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain, designated YIM 7505T, was isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 2 40 dep Gram-reaction-positive 102:123 arg1 aerobic 126:132 aerobic 126:132 aerobic 126:132 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain, designated YIM 7505T, was isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 9 41 theme % 1256:1256 arg1 values 1237:1242 relatedness values 1225:1242 relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 % 1225:1256 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T gave relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 %. 27264701 4 42 theme strain 536:541 arg1 7505T 547:551 strain YIM 7505T 536:551 strain YIM 7505T 536:551 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 10 43 theme Flexivirga 1390:1399 arg1 species 1369:1375 a novel species 1361:1375 a novel species 1361:1375 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 1 44 theme endophytic 36:45 arg1 actinobacterium 47:61 an endophytic actinobacterium 33:61 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil 33:97 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 4 45 theme 7505T 547:551 arg1 growth 526:531 Optimum growth 518:531 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T 518:551 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 2 46 theme Gram-reaction-positive 102:123 arg1 strain 165:170 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain 100:170 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain 100:170 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain, designated YIM 7505T, was isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 3 47 theme NBRC 474:477 arg1 107580T 479:485 F. alba NBRC 107580T 466:485 F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree 466:515 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 48 from analysis 249:256 arg1 basis 265:269 the basis 261:269 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 261:307 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 49 theme F. 466:467 arg1 107580T 479:485 F. alba NBRC 107580T 466:485 F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree 466:515 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 8 50 theme strain 1119:1124 arg1 7505T 1130:1134 strain YIM 7505T 1119:1134 strain YIM 7505T 1119:1134 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T was 66.7 mol%. 27264701 3 51 theme neighbour-joining 494:510 arg1 tree 512:515 the neighbour-joining tree 490:515 the neighbour-joining tree 490:515 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 8 52 theme 7505T 1130:1134 arg1 DNA 1112:1114 the genomic DNA 1100:1114 the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T 1100:1134 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T was 66.7 mol%. 27264701 10 53 theme Flexivirga 1421:1430 arg1 sp 1444:1445 the name Flexivirga endophytica sp 1412:1445 the name Flexivirga endophytica sp 1412:1445 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 5 54 theme major 707:711 arg1 acid 728:731 the major cellular fatty acid 703:731 the major cellular fatty acid 703:731 The chemotaxonomic profiles of the strain comprised of anteiso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H4) as the respiratory menaquinone. 27264701 5 55 theme fatty 722:726 arg1 acid 728:731 the major cellular fatty acid 703:731 the major cellular fatty acid 703:731 The chemotaxonomic profiles of the strain comprised of anteiso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H4) as the respiratory menaquinone. 27264701 6 56 theme 7505T 810:814 arg1 peptidoglycan 782:794 The peptidoglycan 778:794 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T 778:814 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T contained serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. 27264701 3 57 theme Phylogenetic 236:247 arg1 analysis 249:256 Phylogenetic analysis 236:256 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 236:307 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 8 58 theme DNA 1112:1114 arg1 contents 1088:1095 The G+C contents 1080:1095 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T 1080:1134 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T was 66.7 mol%. 27264701 8 58 theme DNA 1112:1114 arg1 % 1148:1148 66.7 mol% 1140:1148 66.7 mol% 1140:1148 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 7505T was 66.7 mol%. 27264701 6 59 theme strain 799:804 arg1 7505T 810:814 strain YIM 7505T 799:814 strain YIM 7505T 799:814 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T contained serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. 27264701 3 60 theme 16S 274:276 arg1 comparisons 297:307 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 274:307 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 274:307 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 4 61 located observed 557:564 arg1 pH 579:580 pH 7.0 579:584 pH 7.0 579:584 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 4 61 located observed 557:564 arg1 °C 575:576 28-35 °C 569:576 28-35 °C 569:576 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 4 61 located observed 557:564 arg2 growth 526:531 Optimum growth 518:531 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T 518:551 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 4 62 theme 0-3.0  609:614 arg1 w/v 623:625 w/v 623:625 w/v 623:625 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 4 62 theme 0-3.0  609:614 arg1 NaCl 617:620 0-3.0 % NaCl 609:620 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v) 609:626 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 2 63 theme Basil 229:233 arg1 leaf 215:218 a leaf 213:218 a leaf of Sweet Basil 213:233 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain, designated YIM 7505T, was isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 4 64 theme NaCl 617:620 arg1 presence 597:604 the presence 593:604 the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v) 593:626 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 5 65 theme chemotaxonomic 633:646 arg1 profiles 648:655 The chemotaxonomic profiles 629:655 The chemotaxonomic profiles of the strain comprised of anteiso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H4) as the respiratory menaquinone. 629:776 The chemotaxonomic profiles of the strain comprised of anteiso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H4) as the respiratory menaquinone. 27264701 9 66 with hybridizations 1159:1172 arg1 107580T 1212:1218 F. alba NBRC 107580T 1199:1218 F. alba NBRC 107580T 1199:1218 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T gave relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 %. 27264701 3 67 theme comparisons 297:307 arg1 basis 265:269 the basis 261:269 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 261:307 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 12 68 theme =KCTC 1496:1500 arg1 1.15085T 1515:1522 =KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T 1496:1522 =KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T 1496:1522 The type strain is YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T). 27264701 12 68 theme =KCTC 1496:1500 arg1 7505T 1489:1493 YIM 7505T 1485:1493 YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T) 1485:1523 The type strain is YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T). 27264701 6 69 theme glutamic 852:859 arg1 acid 861:864 glutamic acid 852:864 glutamic acid 852:864 The peptidoglycan of strain YIM 7505T contained serine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. 27264701 3 70 theme gene 283:286 arg1 comparisons 297:307 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 274:307 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 274:307 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 9 71 theme strain 1177:1182 arg1 7505T 1188:1192 strain YIM 7505T 1177:1192 strain YIM 7505T 1177:1192 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T gave relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 %. 27264701 3 72 theme YIM 330:332 arg1 7505T 334:338 strain YIM 7505T 323:338 strain YIM 7505T 323:338 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 9 73 theme 7505T 1188:1192 arg1 hybridizations 1159:1172 DNA-DNA hybridizations 1151:1172 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T 1151:1218 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T gave relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 %. 27264701 10 74 theme strain 1317:1322 arg1 7505T 1328:1332 strain YIM 7505T 1317:1332 strain YIM 7505T 1317:1332 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 7 75 contain contained 895:903 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 905:926 diphosphatidylglycerol 905:926 diphosphatidylglycerol 905:926 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 7 75 contain contained 895:903 arg2 phospholipids 968:980 six unidentified phospholipids 951:980 six unidentified phospholipids 951:980 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 7 75 contain contained 895:903 arg1 lipids 888:893 The polar lipids 878:893 The polar lipids 878:893 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 7 75 contain contained 895:903 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 929:948 phosphatidylglycerol 929:948 phosphatidylglycerol 929:948 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 7 75 contain contained 895:903 arg2 aminolipid 1030:1039 an unidentified aminolipid 1014:1039 an unidentified aminolipid 1014:1039 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 7 75 contain contained 895:903 arg2 glycolipids 1001:1011 four unidentified glycolipids 983:1011 four unidentified glycolipids 983:1011 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 7 75 contain contained 895:903 arg2 aminophospholipid 1061:1077 aminophospholipid 1061:1077 aminophospholipid 1061:1077 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 27264701 3 76 theme % 398:398 arg1 similarity 423:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 76 theme % 398:398 arg1 107580T 384:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T 363:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 363:433 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 0 77 theme endophytica 11:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Flexivirga endophytica sp 0:24 Flexivirga endophytica sp. 0:25 Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 9 78 theme F. 1199:1200 arg1 107580T 1212:1218 F. alba NBRC 107580T 1199:1218 F. alba NBRC 107580T 1199:1218 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T gave relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 %. 27264701 9 79 theme NBRC 1207:1210 arg1 107580T 1212:1218 F. alba NBRC 107580T 1199:1218 F. alba NBRC 107580T 1199:1218 DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain YIM 7505T with F. alba NBRC 107580T gave relatedness values of 50.6±2.2 %. 27264701 1 80 theme Sweet 87:91 arg1 Basil 93:97 Sweet Basil 87:97 Sweet Basil 87:97 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 3 81 theme sequence 414:421 arg1 similarity 423:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 81 theme sequence 414:421 arg1 107580T 384:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T 363:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 363:433 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 5 82 theme strain 664:669 arg1 profiles 648:655 The chemotaxonomic profiles 629:655 The chemotaxonomic profiles of the strain comprised of anteiso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H4) as the respiratory menaquinone. 629:776 The chemotaxonomic profiles of the strain comprised of anteiso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H4) as the respiratory menaquinone. 27264701 12 83 theme type 1470:1473 arg1 strain 1475:1480 The type strain 1466:1480 The type strain 1466:1480 The type strain is YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T). 27264701 12 83 theme type 1470:1473 arg1 7505T 1489:1493 YIM 7505T 1485:1493 YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T) 1485:1523 The type strain is YIM 7505T (=KCTC 39536T=CGMCC 1.15085T). 27264701 3 84 theme NBRC 379:382 arg1 107580T 384:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T 363:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 363:433 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 84 theme NBRC 379:382 arg1 similarity 423:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 2 85 theme coccoid 157:163 arg1 strain 165:170 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain 100:170 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain 100:170 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain, designated YIM 7505T, was isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 3 86 theme rRNA 404:407 arg1 similarity 423:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 86 theme rRNA 404:407 arg1 107580T 384:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T 363:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 363:433 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 87 theme Flexivirga 363:372 arg1 107580T 384:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T 363:390 Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 363:433 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 3 87 theme Flexivirga 363:372 arg1 similarity 423:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:432 Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 7505T was closely related to Flexivirga alba NBRC 107580T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and formed a robust clade with F. alba NBRC 107580T in the neighbour-joining tree. 27264701 10 88 theme novel 1363:1367 arg1 species 1369:1375 a novel species 1361:1375 a novel species 1361:1375 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 4 89 theme YIM 543:545 arg1 7505T 547:551 strain YIM 7505T 536:551 strain YIM 7505T 536:551 Optimum growth of strain YIM 7505T was observed at 28-35 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). 27264701 2 90 theme YIM 184:186 arg1 7505T 188:192 YIM 7505T 184:192 YIM 7505T 184:192 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccoid strain, designated YIM 7505T, was isolated from a leaf of Sweet Basil. 27264701 10 91 dep data 1279:1282 arg1 the 1262:1264 the 1262:1264 the 1262:1264 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 10 91 dep data 1279:1282 arg1 basis 1266:1270 basis 1266:1270 basis 1266:1270 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 27264701 10 92 theme genus 1384:1388 arg1 Flexivirga 1390:1399 the genus Flexivirga 1380:1399 the genus Flexivirga 1380:1399 On the basis of the data recorded from the present study, strain YIM 7505T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flexivirga, for which the name Flexivirga endophytica sp. 26296574 10 0 theme G+C 940:942 arg1 content 944:950 The G+C content 936:950 The G+C content of the DNA 936:961 The G+C content of the DNA was 72.3 ± 0.34 mol%. 26296574 10 0 theme G+C 940:942 arg1 % 982:982 72.3 ± 0.34 mol% 967:982 72.3 ± 0.34 mol% 967:982 The G+C content of the DNA was 72.3 ± 0.34 mol%. 26296574 11 1 theme genus 1093:1097 arg1 Streptomyces 1099:1110 the genus Streptomyces 1089:1110 the genus Streptomyces 1089:1110 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 2 theme strain 1063:1068 arg1 JR-39T 1070:1075 strain JR-39T 1063:1075 strain JR-39T 1063:1075 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 2 3 theme polyphasic 309:318 arg1 approach 320:327 a polyphasic approach 307:327 a polyphasic approach 307:327 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 11 4 theme LMG 1310:1312 arg1 20096T 1314:1319 Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T 1283:1319 Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %) 1283:1328 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 4 theme LMG 1310:1312 arg1 % 1327:1327 98.7 % 1322:1327 98.7 % 1322:1327 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 15 5 theme type 1770:1773 arg1 JR-39T 1785:1790 JR-39T 1785:1790 JR-39T ( = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T) 1785:1822 The type strain is JR-39T ( = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T). 26296574 15 5 theme type 1770:1773 arg1 strain 1775:1780 The type strain 1766:1780 The type strain 1766:1780 The type strain is JR-39T ( = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T). 26296574 2 6 theme novel 86:90 arg1 strain 92:97 A novel strain 84:97 A novel strain 84:97 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 5 7 theme NaCl 526:529 arg1 % 556:556 0–5 % 552:556 0–5 % (w/v) 552:562 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 5 7 theme NaCl 526:529 arg1 range 531:535 the NaCl range 522:535 the NaCl range for growth 522:546 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 11 8 dep Streptomyces 1156:1167 arg1 panaciradicis 1169:1181 panaciradicis 1169:1181 panaciradicis 1169:1181 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 9 dep Streptomyces 1331:1342 arg1 bungoensis 1344:1353 bungoensis 1344:1353 bungoensis 1344:1353 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 15 10 theme 17182T = NBRC 1801:1813 arg1 JR-39T 1785:1790 JR-39T 1785:1790 JR-39T ( = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T) 1785:1822 The type strain is JR-39T ( = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T). 26296574 15 10 theme 17182T = NBRC 1801:1813 arg1 109809T 1815:1821  = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T 1793:1821  = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T 1793:1821 The type strain is JR-39T ( = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T). 26296574 12 11 theme physiological 1472:1484 arg1 analyses 1502:1509 physiological and biochemical analyses 1472:1509 physiological and biochemical analyses 1472:1509 However, DNA–DNA hybridization assays, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain JR-39T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 26296574 12 12 theme strain 1524:1529 arg1 JR-39T 1531:1536 strain JR-39T 1524:1536 strain JR-39T 1524:1536 However, DNA–DNA hybridization assays, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain JR-39T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 26296574 1 13 theme bamboo 43:48 arg1 soil 78:81 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 43:81 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 43:81 nov., isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 26296574 11 14 theme Streptomyces 1283:1294 arg1 20096T 1314:1319 Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T 1283:1319 Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %) 1283:1328 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 14 theme Streptomyces 1283:1294 arg1 % 1327:1327 98.7 % 1322:1327 98.7 % 1322:1327 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 5 15 from NaCl 591:594 arg1 % 556:556 0–5 % 552:556 0–5 % (w/v) 552:562 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 5 15 from NaCl 591:594 arg1 range 531:535 the NaCl range 522:535 the NaCl range for growth 522:546 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 5 15 from NaCl 591:594 arg1 w/v 559:561 w/v 559:561 w/v 559:561 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 11 16 theme 16S 1016:1018 arg1 analysis 1039:1046 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1016:1046 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1016:1046 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 5 17 theme optimum 569:575 arg1 growth 577:582 optimum growth 569:582 optimum growth 569:582 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 9 18 dep anteiso-C15  877:888 arg1  0 916:917  0 916:917  0 916:917 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 9 18 dep anteiso-C15  877:888 arg1  0 890:891  0 890:891  0 890:891 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 9 18 dep anteiso-C15  877:888 arg1  0 932:933  0 932:933  0 932:933 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 9 18 dep anteiso-C15  877:888 arg1  0 903:904  0 903:904  0 903:904 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 9 18 dep anteiso-C15  877:888 arg1 iso-C14  923:930 iso-C14  923:930 iso-C14  923:930 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 0 19 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 19:20 Streptomyces sasae sp 0:20 Streptomyces sasae sp. 0:21 Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 6 20 theme cell-wall 601:609 arg1 peptidoglycan 611:623 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 597:623 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 597:623 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296574 12 21 theme closest 1571:1577 arg1 relatives 1592:1600 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1567:1600 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1567:1600 However, DNA–DNA hybridization assays, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain JR-39T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 26296574 13 22 theme Streptomyces 1725:1736 arg1 sp 1744:1745 the name Streptomyces sasae sp 1716:1745 the name Streptomyces sasae sp 1716:1745 On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain JR-39T represents a novel species for which the name Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 13 23 theme sasae 1738:1742 arg1 sp 1744:1745 the name Streptomyces sasae sp 1716:1745 the name Streptomyces sasae sp 1716:1745 On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain JR-39T represents a novel species for which the name Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 1 24 theme Sasa 51:54 arg1 soil 78:81 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 43:81 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 43:81 nov., isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 26296574 8 25 theme Predominant 775:785 arg1 menaquinones 787:798 Predominant menaquinones 775:798 Predominant menaquinones 775:798 Predominant menaquinones were MK-9 (H6), MK-9 (H8) and MK-9 (H4). 26296574 11 26 theme JCM 1222:1224 arg1 4734T 1226:1230 Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T 1200:1230 Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %) 1200:1239 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 26 theme JCM 1222:1224 arg1 % 1238:1238 98.8 % 1233:1238 98.8 % 1233:1238 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 2 27 theme actinobacterium 125:139 arg1 strain 92:97 A novel strain 84:97 A novel strain 84:97 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 9 28 theme cellular 851:858 arg1 anteiso-C15  877:888 anteiso-C15  877:888 anteiso-C15  877:888 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 9 28 theme cellular 851:858 arg1 acids 866:870 The major cellular fatty acids 841:870 The major cellular fatty acids 841:870 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 11 29 theme Streptomyces 1331:1342 arg1 15711T 1360:1365 Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T 1331:1365 Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) 1331:1374 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 29 theme Streptomyces 1331:1342 arg1 % 1373:1373 98.7 % 1368:1373 98.7 % 1368:1373 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 1 30 theme borealis 56:63 arg1 soil 78:81 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 43:81 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 43:81 nov., isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 26296574 0 31 theme sasae 13:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Streptomyces sasae sp 0:20 Streptomyces sasae sp. 0:21 Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 2 32 theme Gram-staining-positive 102:123 arg1 actinobacterium 125:139 Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium 102:139 Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium 102:139 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 13 33 theme name 1720:1723 arg1 sp 1744:1745 the name Streptomyces sasae sp 1716:1745 the name Streptomyces sasae sp 1716:1745 On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain JR-39T represents a novel species for which the name Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 11 34 dep Streptomyces 1283:1294 arg1 longwoodensis 1296:1308 longwoodensis 1296:1308 longwoodensis 1296:1308 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 2 35 theme taxonomic 268:276 arg1 position 278:285 its taxonomic position 264:285 its taxonomic position 264:285 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 13 36 theme phenotypic 1623:1632 arg1 characteristics 1648:1662 the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1619:1662 the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1619:1662 On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain JR-39T represents a novel species for which the name Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 2 37 attach isolated 172:179 arg1 soil 202:205 the rhizosphere soil 186:205 the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea 186:257 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 2 37 attach isolated 172:179 arg2 strain 92:97 A novel strain 84:97 A novel strain 84:97 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 3 38 theme flexuous 349:356 arg1 chains 358:363 flexuous chains 349:363 flexuous chains of spores that were cylindrical and smooth-surfaced 349:415 The isolate formed flexuous chains of spores that were cylindrical and smooth-surfaced. 26296574 11 39 dep Streptomyces 1200:1211 arg1 capoamus 1213:1220 capoamus 1213:1220 capoamus 1213:1220 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 40 theme Streptomyces 1156:1167 arg1 1MR-8T 1183:1188 Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T 1156:1188 Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %) 1156:1197 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 40 theme Streptomyces 1156:1167 arg1 % 1196:1196 99.4 % 1191:1196 99.4 % 1191:1196 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 1 41 theme rhizosphere 66:76 arg1 soil 78:81 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 43:81 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 43:81 nov., isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 26296574 11 42 theme DSM 1262:1264 arg1 % 1279:1279 98.7 % 1274:1279 98.7 % 1274:1279 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 42 theme DSM 1262:1264 arg1 40089T 1266:1271 Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T 1242:1271 Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %) 1242:1280 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 43 theme sequence 1133:1140 arg1 similarity 1142:1151 the highest sequence similarity 1121:1151 the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %) 1121:1419 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 13 44 theme novel 1692:1696 arg1 species 1698:1704 a novel species 1690:1704 a novel species for which the name Streptomyces sasae sp 1690:1745 On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain JR-39T represents a novel species for which the name Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 12 45 theme biochemical 1490:1500 arg1 analyses 1502:1509 physiological and biochemical analyses 1472:1509 physiological and biochemical analyses 1472:1509 However, DNA–DNA hybridization assays, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain JR-39T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 26296574 7 46 contain contained 726:734 arg1 hydrolysates 706:717 Whole-cell hydrolysates 695:717 Whole-cell hydrolysates 695:717 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296574 7 46 contain contained 726:734 arg2 mannose 745:751 mannose 745:751 mannose 745:751 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296574 7 46 contain contained 726:734 arg2 rhamnose 765:772 rhamnose 765:772 rhamnose 765:772 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296574 7 46 contain contained 726:734 arg2 ribose 754:759 ribose 754:759 ribose 754:759 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296574 7 46 contain contained 726:734 arg2 glucose 736:742 glucose 736:742 glucose 736:742 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296574 12 47 theme phylogenetic 1579:1590 arg1 relatives 1592:1600 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1567:1600 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1567:1600 However, DNA–DNA hybridization assays, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain JR-39T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 26296574 13 48 dep characteristics 1648:1662 arg1 the 1606:1608 the 1606:1608 the 1606:1608 On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain JR-39T represents a novel species for which the name Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 13 48 dep characteristics 1648:1662 arg1 basis 1610:1614 basis 1610:1614 basis 1610:1614 On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain JR-39T represents a novel species for which the name Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 9 49 theme major 845:849 arg1 anteiso-C15  877:888 anteiso-C15  877:888 anteiso-C15  877:888 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 9 49 theme major 845:849 arg1 acids 866:870 The major cellular fatty acids 841:870 The major cellular fatty acids 841:870 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 7 50 theme Whole-cell 695:704 arg1 hydrolysates 706:717 Whole-cell hydrolysates 695:717 Whole-cell hydrolysates 695:717 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296574 11 51 theme NBRC 1355:1358 arg1 15711T 1360:1365 Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T 1331:1365 Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) 1331:1374 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 51 theme NBRC 1355:1358 arg1 % 1373:1373 98.7 % 1368:1373 98.7 % 1368:1373 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 13 52 theme genotypic 1638:1646 arg1 characteristics 1648:1662 the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1619:1662 the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1619:1662 On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain JR-39T represents a novel species for which the name Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 11 53 theme Streptomyces 1242:1253 arg1 % 1279:1279 98.7 % 1274:1279 98.7 % 1274:1279 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 53 theme Streptomyces 1242:1253 arg1 40089T 1266:1271 Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T 1242:1271 Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %) 1242:1280 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 3 54 theme spores 368:373 arg1 chains 358:363 flexuous chains 349:363 flexuous chains of spores that were cylindrical and smooth-surfaced 349:415 The isolate formed flexuous chains of spores that were cylindrical and smooth-surfaced. 26296574 11 55 theme gene 1025:1028 arg1 analysis 1039:1046 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1016:1046 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1016:1046 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 56 dep Streptomyces 1380:1391 arg1 rhizophilus 1393:1403 rhizophilus 1393:1403 rhizophilus 1393:1403 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 6 57 contain contained 625:633 arg2 alanine 674:680 alanine 674:680 alanine 674:680 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296574 6 57 contain contained 625:633 arg1 peptidoglycan 611:623 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 597:623 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 597:623 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296574 6 57 contain contained 625:633 arg2 acid 668:671 glutamic acid 659:671 glutamic acid 659:671 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296574 6 57 contain contained 625:633 arg2 acid 653:656 ll-diaminopimelic acid 635:656 ll-diaminopimelic acid 635:656 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296574 6 57 contain contained 625:633 arg2 glycine 686:692 glycine 686:692 glycine 686:692 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296574 10 58 theme 72.3 ± 0.34 mol 967:981 arg1 content 944:950 The G+C content 936:950 The G+C content of the DNA 936:961 The G+C content of the DNA was 72.3 ± 0.34 mol%. 26296574 10 58 theme 72.3 ± 0.34 mol 967:981 arg1 % 982:982 72.3 ± 0.34 mol% 967:982 72.3 ± 0.34 mol% 967:982 The G+C content of the DNA was 72.3 ± 0.34 mol%. 26296574 9 59 theme fatty 860:864 arg1 anteiso-C15  877:888 anteiso-C15  877:888 anteiso-C15  877:888 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 9 59 theme fatty 860:864 arg1 acids 866:870 The major cellular fatty acids 841:870 The major cellular fatty acids 841:870 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26296574 2 60 theme bamboo 210:215 arg1 soil 202:205 the rhizosphere soil 186:205 the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea 186:257 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 2 61 theme strain 153:158 arg1 JR-39T 160:165 strain JR-39T 153:165 strain JR-39T 153:165 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 4 62 theme optimum 449:455 arg1 4–37 °C 440:446 4–37 °C 440:446 4–37 °C (optimum 28 °C) 440:462 Strain JR-39T grew at 4–37 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26296574 4 62 theme optimum 449:455 arg1 28 °C 457:461 optimum 28 °C 449:461 optimum 28 °C 449:461 Strain JR-39T grew at 4–37 °C (optimum 28 °C). 26296574 5 63 with % 556:556 arg1 growth 577:582 optimum growth 569:582 optimum growth 569:582 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 11 64 theme sequence 1030:1037 arg1 analysis 1039:1046 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1016:1046 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1016:1046 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 10 65 theme DNA 959:961 arg1 content 944:950 The G+C content 936:950 The G+C content of the DNA 936:961 The G+C content of the DNA was 72.3 ± 0.34 mol%. 26296574 10 65 theme DNA 959:961 arg1 % 982:982 72.3 ± 0.34 mol% 967:982 72.3 ± 0.34 mol% 967:982 The G+C content of the DNA was 72.3 ± 0.34 mol%. 26296574 2 66 theme rhizosphere 190:200 arg1 soil 202:205 the rhizosphere soil 186:205 the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea 186:257 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 11 67 theme highest 1125:1131 arg1 similarity 1142:1151 the highest sequence similarity 1121:1151 the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %) 1121:1419 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 6 68 theme glutamic 659:666 arg1 acid 668:671 glutamic acid 659:671 glutamic acid 659:671 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296574 13 69 theme strain 1665:1670 arg1 JR-39T 1672:1677 strain JR-39T 1665:1677 strain JR-39T 1665:1677 On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain JR-39T represents a novel species for which the name Streptomyces sasae sp. 26296574 11 70 theme Streptomyces 1380:1391 arg1 JR-41T 1405:1410 Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T 1380:1410 Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %) 1380:1419 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 70 theme Streptomyces 1380:1391 arg1 % 1418:1418 98.7 % 1413:1418 98.7 % 1413:1418 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 5 71 theme 1  587:588 arg1 % 589:589 % 589:589 % 589:589 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 11 72 dep Streptomyces 1242:1253 arg1 galbus 1255:1260 galbus 1255:1260 galbus 1255:1260 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 5 73 theme optimum 502:508 arg1 pH 5–10 493:499 pH 5–10 493:499 pH 5–10 493:499 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 5 73 theme optimum 502:508 arg1 pH 6–8 510:515 optimum pH 6–8 502:515 optimum pH 6–8 502:515 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 15 74 theme  = KACC 1793:1799 arg1 JR-39T 1785:1790 JR-39T 1785:1790 JR-39T ( = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T) 1785:1822 The type strain is JR-39T ( = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T). 26296574 15 74 theme  = KACC 1793:1799 arg1 109809T 1815:1821  = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T 1793:1821  = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T 1793:1821 The type strain is JR-39T ( = KACC 17182T = NBRC 109809T). 26296574 5 75 theme % 589:589 arg1 NaCl 591:594 1 % NaCl 587:594 1 % NaCl 587:594 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 11 76 theme Phylogenetic 985:996 arg1 analyses 998:1005 Phylogenetic analyses 985:1005 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 985:1046 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 5 77 theme pH 469:470 arg1 pH 5–10 493:499 pH 5–10 493:499 pH 5–10 493:499 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 5 77 theme pH 469:470 arg1 range 472:476 The pH range 465:476 The pH range for growth 465:487 The pH range for growth was pH 5–10 (optimum pH 6–8) and the NaCl range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v) with optimum growth at 1 % NaCl. 26296574 11 78 theme rRNA 1020:1023 arg1 analysis 1039:1046 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1016:1046 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1016:1046 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 12 79 theme hybridization 1439:1451 arg1 assays 1453:1458 DNA–DNA hybridization assays 1431:1458 DNA–DNA hybridization assays 1431:1458 However, DNA–DNA hybridization assays, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain JR-39T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 26296574 6 80 theme ll-diaminopimelic 635:651 arg1 acid 653:656 ll-diaminopimelic acid 635:656 ll-diaminopimelic acid 635:656 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296574 11 81 theme Streptomyces 1200:1211 arg1 4734T 1226:1230 Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T 1200:1230 Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %) 1200:1239 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 11 81 theme Streptomyces 1200:1211 arg1 % 1238:1238 98.8 % 1233:1238 98.8 % 1233:1238 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JR-39T belonged to the genus Streptomyces, showing the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T (99.4 %), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734T (98.8 %), Streptomyces galbus DSM 40089T (98.7 %), Streptomyces longwoodensis LMG 20096T (98.7 %), Streptomyces bungoensis NBRC 15711T (98.7 %) and Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T (98.7 %). 26296574 2 82 theme Sasa 218:221 arg1 bamboo 210:215 bamboo 210:215 bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea 210:257 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 2 82 theme Sasa 218:221 arg1 borealis 223:230 Sasa borealis 218:230 Sasa borealis 218:230 A novel strain of Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain JR-39T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Sasa borealis) sampled in Damyang, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26296574 12 83 theme DNA–DNA 1431:1437 arg1 assays 1453:1458 DNA–DNA hybridization assays 1431:1458 DNA–DNA hybridization assays 1431:1458 However, DNA–DNA hybridization assays, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain JR-39T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 26012354 6 0 theme nanofibers 1073:1082 arg1 potential 1033:1041 the sustained release potential 1011:1041 the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component 1011:1124 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 4 1 theme electron 689:696 arg1 microscopy 698:707 transmission electron microscopy 676:707 transmission electron microscopy 676:707 The morphology and core-sheath structure of the nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26012354 6 2 theme core-sheath 1050:1060 arg1 nanofibers 1073:1082 the core-sheath structured nanofibers 1046:1082 the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component 1046:1124 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 7 3 theme significant 1323:1333 arg1 effect 1347:1352 a significant synergistic effect 1321:1352 a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration 1321:1433 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 6 4 theme epidermal 947:955 arg1 factor 964:969 epidermal growth factor 947:969 epidermal growth factor 947:969 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 10 5 theme wound 2077:2081 arg1 healing 2083:2089 wound healing 2077:2089 wound healing 2077:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 6 6 dep protein 914:920 arg1 albumin 935:941 bovine serum albumin 922:941 bovine serum albumin 922:941 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 6 6 dep protein 914:920 arg1 study 979:983 release study 971:983 release study 971:983 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 1 7 theme biological 213:222 arg1 agents 224:229 biological agents 213:229 biological agents 213:229 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 26012354 6 8 theme release 1025:1031 arg1 potential 1033:1041 the sustained release potential 1011:1041 the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component 1011:1124 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 5 9 theme infrared 817:824 arg1 analysis 826:833 a Fourier-transform infrared analysis 797:833 a Fourier-transform infrared analysis 797:833 The scaffolds were also characterized for chemical composition and hydrophilicity with a Fourier-transform infrared analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy and the water contact angle. 26012354 7 10 from cultivation 1153:1163 arg1 scaffolds 1304:1312 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1220:1312 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1220:1312 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 10 11 theme hyaluronan-based 1905:1920 arg1 scaffolds 1934:1942 the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds 1901:1942 the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds 1901:1942 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 7 12 theme factor 1297:1302 arg1 scaffolds 1304:1312 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1220:1312 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1220:1312 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 6 13 theme bovine 922:927 arg1 albumin 935:941 bovine serum albumin 922:941 bovine serum albumin 922:941 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 9 14 theme skin 1722:1725 arg1 regeneration 1689:1700 the enhanced regeneration 1676:1700 the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin 1676:1725 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 8 15 theme genes 1505:1509 arg1 up-regulation 1462:1474 an up-regulation 1459:1474 an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1459:1609 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 7 16 theme polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal 1252:1288 arg1 factor 1297:1302 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor 1252:1302 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor 1252:1302 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 1 17 theme tissue-specific 251:265 arg1 microenvironment 267:282 a skin tissue-specific microenvironment 244:282 a skin tissue-specific microenvironment 244:282 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 26012354 7 18 theme polycaprolactone/hyaluronan 1220:1246 arg1 scaffolds 1304:1312 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1220:1312 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1220:1312 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 7 19 theme growth 1382:1387 arg1 factor 1389:1394 epidermal growth factor 1372:1394 epidermal growth factor 1372:1394 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 7 20 theme keratinocytes 1179:1191 arg1 cultivation 1153:1163 an in vitro cultivation 1141:1163 an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1141:1312 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 9 21 theme epidermal 1746:1754 arg1 regeneration 1756:1767 epidermal regeneration 1746:1767 epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group 1746:1842 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 4 22 dep morphology 566:575 arg1 structure 593:601 structure 593:601 structure 593:601 The morphology and core-sheath structure of the nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26012354 4 22 dep morphology 566:575 arg1 The 562:564 The 562:564 The 562:564 The morphology and core-sheath structure of the nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26012354 10 23 theme scaffolds 1934:1942 arg1 bioactivity 1871:1881 bioactivity 1871:1881 bioactivity 1871:1881 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 10 23 theme scaffolds 1934:1942 arg1 hemostasis 1887:1896 hemostasis 1887:1896 hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds 1887:1942 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 7 24 theme fibroblasts 1205:1215 arg1 cultivation 1153:1163 an in vitro cultivation 1141:1163 an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1141:1312 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 7 25 theme human 1168:1172 arg1 HaCaT 1194:1198 HaCaT 1194:1198 HaCaT 1194:1198 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 7 25 theme human 1168:1172 arg1 keratinocytes 1179:1191 human skin keratinocytes 1168:1191 human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) 1168:1199 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 9 26 theme polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal 1776:1812 arg1 factor 1821:1826 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor 1776:1826 the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group 1772:1842 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 10 27 theme growth 2006:2011 arg1 factors 2013:2019 growth factors 2006:2019 growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 2006:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 10 27 theme growth 2006:2011 arg1 scaffolds 2063:2071 skin tissue engineering scaffolds 2039:2071 skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 2039:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 7 28 theme factor 1389:1394 arg1 effect 1347:1352 a significant synergistic effect 1321:1352 a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration 1321:1433 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 9 29 theme factor 1821:1826 arg1 group 1838:1842 the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group 1772:1842 the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group 1772:1842 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 8 30 theme growth 1587:1592 arg1 factor 1594:1599 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor 1549:1599 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1549:1609 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 0 31 theme wound 113:117 arg1 healing 119:125 wound healing 113:125 wound healing 113:125 Evaluation of emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 5 32 theme water 875:879 arg1 angle 889:893 the water contact angle 871:893 the water contact angle 871:893 The scaffolds were also characterized for chemical composition and hydrophilicity with a Fourier-transform infrared analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy and the water contact angle. 26012354 1 33 theme structural 171:180 arg1 integrity 182:190 structural integrity 171:190 structural integrity 171:190 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 26012354 7 34 theme cell 1399:1402 arg1 proliferation 1404:1416 cell proliferation 1399:1416 cell proliferation 1399:1416 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 1 35 with cells 160:164 arg1 integrity 182:190 structural integrity 171:190 structural integrity 171:190 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 26012354 1 36 theme Wound 128:132 arg1 healing 134:140 Wound healing 128:140 Wound healing scaffolds 128:150 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 26012354 4 37 theme scanning 643:650 arg1 microscopy 661:670 scanning electron microscopy 643:670 scanning electron microscopy 643:670 The morphology and core-sheath structure of the nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26012354 3 38 theme growth 547:552 arg1 factor 554:559 encapsulating epidermal growth factor 523:559 encapsulating epidermal growth factor 523:559 The scaffolds were composed of polycaprolactone, hyaluronan and encapsulating epidermal growth factor. 26012354 0 39 theme emulsion 14:21 arg1 factor 80:85 emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor 14:85 emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous 14:97 Evaluation of emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 6 40 theme sustained 1015:1023 arg1 potential 1033:1041 the sustained release potential 1011:1041 the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component 1011:1124 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 3 41 theme encapsulating 523:535 arg1 factor 554:559 encapsulating epidermal growth factor 523:559 encapsulating epidermal growth factor 523:559 The scaffolds were composed of polycaprolactone, hyaluronan and encapsulating epidermal growth factor. 26012354 7 42 theme epidermal 1372:1380 arg1 factor 1389:1394 epidermal growth factor 1372:1394 epidermal growth factor 1372:1394 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 0 43 theme polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal 35:71 arg1 factor 80:85 emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor 14:85 emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous 14:97 Evaluation of emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 4 44 theme nanofibers 610:619 arg1 morphology 566:575 morphology 566:575 morphology 566:575 The morphology and core-sheath structure of the nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26012354 4 44 theme nanofibers 610:619 arg1 core-sheath 581:591 core-sheath 581:591 core-sheath 581:591 The morphology and core-sheath structure of the nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26012354 6 45 theme in vitro 899:906 arg1 protein 914:920 An in vitro model protein 896:920 An in vitro model protein 896:920 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 2 46 theme nanofibrous 393:403 arg1 scaffolds 405:413 biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds 379:413 biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds 379:413 In this study, we fabricated biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds with an emulsion electrospinning technique. 26012354 7 47 theme hyaluronan 1357:1366 arg1 effect 1347:1352 a significant synergistic effect 1321:1352 a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration 1321:1433 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 7 48 from effect 1347:1352 arg1 infiltration 1422:1433 infiltration 1422:1433 infiltration 1422:1433 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 7 48 from effect 1347:1352 arg1 proliferation 1404:1416 cell proliferation 1399:1416 cell proliferation 1399:1416 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 10 49 contain have 1944:1947 arg2 capability 1953:1962 the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 1949:2089 the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 1949:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 10 49 contain have 1944:1947 arg1 bioactivity 1871:1881 bioactivity 1871:1881 bioactivity 1871:1881 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 10 49 contain have 1944:1947 arg1 hemostasis 1887:1896 hemostasis 1887:1896 hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds 1887:1942 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 1 50 dep establish 234:242 arg1 regulate 287:294 regulate 287:294 to regulate cell functions 284:309 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 26012354 1 50 dep establish 234:242 arg1 accelerate 318:327 accelerate 318:327 to accelerate the healing process 315:347 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 26012354 2 51 theme emulsion 423:430 arg1 technique 448:456 an emulsion electrospinning technique 420:456 an emulsion electrospinning technique 420:456 In this study, we fabricated biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds with an emulsion electrospinning technique. 26012354 9 52 theme wound 1663:1667 arg1 model 1669:1673 the full-thickness wound model 1644:1673 the full-thickness wound model 1644:1673 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 7 53 theme synergistic 1335:1345 arg1 effect 1347:1352 a significant synergistic effect 1321:1352 a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration 1321:1433 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 10 54 theme skin 2039:2042 arg1 scaffolds 2063:2071 skin tissue engineering scaffolds 2039:2071 skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 2039:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 10 54 theme skin 2039:2042 arg1 factors 2013:2019 growth factors 2006:2019 growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 2006:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 6 55 theme structured 1062:1071 arg1 nanofibers 1073:1082 the core-sheath structured nanofibers 1046:1082 the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component 1046:1124 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 5 56 theme chemical 752:759 arg1 composition 761:771 chemical composition 752:771 chemical composition 752:771 The scaffolds were also characterized for chemical composition and hydrophilicity with a Fourier-transform infrared analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy and the water contact angle. 26012354 4 57 theme transmission 676:687 arg1 microscopy 698:707 transmission electron microscopy 676:707 transmission electron microscopy 676:707 The morphology and core-sheath structure of the nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26012354 6 58 theme growth 957:962 arg1 factor 964:969 epidermal growth factor 947:969 epidermal growth factor 947:969 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 9 59 theme enhanced 1680:1687 arg1 regeneration 1689:1700 the enhanced regeneration 1676:1700 the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin 1676:1725 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 0 60 theme factor 80:85 arg1 nanofibrous 87:97 emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous 14:97 emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous 14:97 Evaluation of emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 10 61 theme nanofibrous 1922:1932 arg1 scaffolds 1934:1942 the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds 1901:1942 the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds 1901:1942 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 7 62 theme growth 1290:1295 arg1 factor 1297:1302 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor 1252:1302 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor 1252:1302 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 6 63 theme serum 929:933 arg1 albumin 935:941 bovine serum albumin 922:941 bovine serum albumin 922:941 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 9 64 theme functional 1711:1720 arg1 skin 1722:1725 fully functional skin 1705:1725 fully functional skin 1705:1725 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 9 65 from regeneration 1756:1767 arg1 group 1838:1842 the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group 1772:1842 the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group 1772:1842 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 5 66 theme energy 836:841 arg1 spectroscopy 854:865 energy dispersive spectroscopy 836:865 energy dispersive spectroscopy 836:865 The scaffolds were also characterized for chemical composition and hydrophilicity with a Fourier-transform infrared analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy and the water contact angle. 26012354 8 67 theme wound-healing-related 1483:1503 arg1 genes 1505:1509 the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β 1479:1544 the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β 1479:1544 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 8 67 theme wound-healing-related 1483:1503 arg1 collagen 1511:1518 collagen I 1511:1520 collagen I 1511:1520 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 8 67 theme wound-healing-related 1483:1503 arg1 collagen 1523:1530 collagen III 1523:1534 collagen III 1523:1534 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 8 67 theme wound-healing-related 1483:1503 arg1 TGF-β 1540:1544 TGF-β 1540:1544 TGF-β 1540:1544 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 1 68 theme skin 246:249 arg1 microenvironment 267:282 a skin tissue-specific microenvironment 244:282 a skin tissue-specific microenvironment 244:282 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 26012354 6 69 theme hyaluronan 1105:1114 arg1 component 1116:1124 the hyaluronan component 1101:1124 the hyaluronan component 1101:1124 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 5 70 theme Fourier-transform 799:815 arg1 analysis 826:833 a Fourier-transform infrared analysis 797:833 a Fourier-transform infrared analysis 797:833 The scaffolds were also characterized for chemical composition and hydrophilicity with a Fourier-transform infrared analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy and the water contact angle. 26012354 7 71 theme skin 1174:1177 arg1 HaCaT 1194:1198 HaCaT 1194:1198 HaCaT 1194:1198 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 7 71 theme skin 1174:1177 arg1 keratinocytes 1179:1191 human skin keratinocytes 1168:1191 human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) 1168:1199 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 9 72 theme growth 1814:1819 arg1 factor 1821:1826 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor 1776:1826 the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group 1772:1842 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 7 73 theme in vitro 1144:1151 arg1 cultivation 1153:1163 an in vitro cultivation 1141:1163 an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1141:1312 Additionally, an in vitro cultivation of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts on polycaprolactone/hyaluronan and polycaprolactone/hyaluronan-epidermal growth factor scaffolds showed a significant synergistic effect of hyaluronan and epidermal growth factor on cell proliferation and infiltration. 26012354 9 74 theme treatment 1828:1836 arg1 group 1838:1842 the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group 1772:1842 the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group 1772:1842 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 5 75 theme dispersive 843:852 arg1 spectroscopy 854:865 energy dispersive spectroscopy 836:865 energy dispersive spectroscopy 836:865 The scaffolds were also characterized for chemical composition and hydrophilicity with a Fourier-transform infrared analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy and the water contact angle. 26012354 8 76 theme polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal 1549:1585 arg1 factor 1594:1599 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor 1549:1599 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1549:1609 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 8 77 theme factor 1594:1599 arg1 scaffolds 1601:1609 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1549:1609 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1549:1609 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 5 78 theme contact 881:887 arg1 angle 889:893 the water contact angle 871:893 the water contact angle 871:893 The scaffolds were also characterized for chemical composition and hydrophilicity with a Fourier-transform infrared analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy and the water contact angle. 26012354 8 79 dep genes 1505:1509 arg1 genes 1505:1509 the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β 1479:1544 the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β 1479:1544 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 8 79 dep genes 1505:1509 arg1 collagen 1511:1518 collagen I 1511:1520 collagen I 1511:1520 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 8 79 dep genes 1505:1509 arg1 collagen 1523:1530 collagen III 1523:1534 collagen III 1523:1534 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 8 79 dep genes 1505:1509 arg1 TGF-β 1540:1544 TGF-β 1540:1544 TGF-β 1540:1544 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 4 80 theme electron 652:659 arg1 microscopy 661:670 scanning electron microscopy 643:670 scanning electron microscopy 643:670 The morphology and core-sheath structure of the nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 26012354 8 81 theme control 1625:1631 arg1 groups 1633:1638 control groups 1625:1638 control groups 1625:1638 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 2 82 theme electrospinning 432:446 arg1 technique 448:456 an emulsion electrospinning technique 420:456 an emulsion electrospinning technique 420:456 In this study, we fabricated biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds with an emulsion electrospinning technique. 26012354 0 83 theme electrospun 23:33 arg1 factor 80:85 emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor 14:85 emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous 14:97 Evaluation of emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 1 84 theme healing 333:339 arg1 process 341:347 the healing process 329:347 the healing process 329:347 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 26012354 1 85 theme healing 134:140 arg1 scaffolds 142:150 Wound healing scaffolds 128:150 Wound healing scaffolds 128:150 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 26012354 10 86 theme engineering 2051:2061 arg1 scaffolds 2063:2071 skin tissue engineering scaffolds 2039:2071 skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 2039:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 10 86 theme engineering 2051:2061 arg1 factors 2013:2019 growth factors 2006:2019 growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 2006:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 0 87 theme growth 73:78 arg1 factor 80:85 emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor 14:85 emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous 14:97 Evaluation of emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 6 88 theme model 908:912 arg1 protein 914:920 An in vitro model protein 896:920 An in vitro model protein 896:920 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 3 89 theme epidermal 537:545 arg1 factor 554:559 encapsulating epidermal growth factor 523:559 encapsulating epidermal growth factor 523:559 The scaffolds were composed of polycaprolactone, hyaluronan and encapsulating epidermal growth factor. 26012354 0 90 theme nanofibrous 87:97 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous 0:97 Evaluation of emulsion electrospun polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 2 91 theme biodegradable 379:391 arg1 scaffolds 405:413 biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds 379:413 biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds 379:413 In this study, we fabricated biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds with an emulsion electrospinning technique. 26012354 8 92 from up-regulation 1462:1474 arg1 scaffolds 1601:1609 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1549:1609 polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds 1549:1609 Furthermore, there was an up-regulation of the wound-healing-related genes collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β in polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor scaffolds compared with control groups. 26012354 10 93 theme factors 2013:2019 arg1 release 1995:2001 the release 1991:2001 the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 1991:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 9 94 theme full-thickness 1648:1661 arg1 model 1669:1673 the full-thickness wound model 1644:1673 the full-thickness wound model 1644:1673 In the full-thickness wound model, the enhanced regeneration of fully functional skin was facilitated by epidermal regeneration in the polycaprolactone/hyaluronan/epidermal growth factor treatment group. 26012354 6 95 theme release 971:977 arg1 study 979:983 release study 971:983 release study 971:983 An in vitro model protein bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor release study was conducted to evaluate the sustained release potential of the core-sheath structured nanofibers with and without the hyaluronan component. 26012354 10 96 theme tissue 2044:2049 arg1 scaffolds 2063:2071 skin tissue engineering scaffolds 2039:2071 skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 2039:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 10 96 theme tissue 2044:2049 arg1 factors 2013:2019 growth factors 2006:2019 growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing 2006:2089 Our findings suggest that bioactivity and hemostasis of the hyaluronan-based nanofibrous scaffolds have the capability to encapsulate and control the release of growth factors that can serve as skin tissue engineering scaffolds for wound healing. 26012354 1 97 theme cell 296:299 arg1 functions 301:309 cell functions 296:309 cell functions 296:309 Wound healing scaffolds provide cells with structural integrity and can also deliver biological agents to establish a skin tissue-specific microenvironment to regulate cell functions and to accelerate the healing process. 27707433 11 0 theme chemotaxonomic 1246:1259 arg1 analyses 1261:1268 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1217:1268 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1217:1268 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 5 1 theme rRNA 579:582 arg1 similarities 598:609 <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 568:609 <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella 568:666 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 9 2 theme cellular 1016:1023 arg1 anteiso-C15  1042:1053 anteiso-C15  1042:1053 anteiso-C15  1042:1053 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 2 theme cellular 1016:1023 arg1 acids 1031:1035 The major cellular fatty acids 1006:1035 The major cellular fatty acids 1006:1035 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 11 3 theme analyses 1261:1268 arg1 data 1209:1212 Combined data 1200:1212 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1200:1268 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 2 4 theme non-motile 109:118 arg1 bacterium 173:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium 86:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium 86:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium, designated strain S20-107T, was isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 5 5 theme gene 584:587 arg1 similarities 598:609 <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 568:609 <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella 568:666 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 4 6 contain had 453:455 arg1 S20-107T 403:410 strain S20-107T 396:410 strain S20-107T 396:410 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 4 6 contain had 453:455 arg2 similarity 492:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 9 7 theme fatty 1025:1029 arg1 anteiso-C15  1042:1053 anteiso-C15  1042:1053 anteiso-C15  1042:1053 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 7 theme fatty 1025:1029 arg1 acids 1031:1035 The major cellular fatty acids 1006:1035 The major cellular fatty acids 1006:1035 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 5 8 theme Nakamurella 656:666 arg1 members 635:641 all other recognized members 614:641 all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella 614:666 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 5 9 theme sequence 589:596 arg1 similarities 598:609 <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 568:609 <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella 568:666 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 5 10 theme Strain 545:550 arg1 S20-107T 552:559 Strain S20-107T 545:559 Strain S20-107T 545:559 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 2 11 theme oxidase-negative 156:171 arg1 bacterium 173:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium 86:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium 86:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium, designated strain S20-107T, was isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 9 12 theme summed 1068:1073 arg1 feature 1075:1081 summed feature 3 1068:1083 summed feature 3 1068:1083 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 12 theme summed 1068:1073 arg1  0 1064:1065  0 1064:1065  0 1064:1065 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 4 13 theme rRNA 364:367 arg1 sequences 374:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 3 14 theme % 315:315 arg1 NaCl 323:326 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 311:326 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 311:326 Growth occurred at 0-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27707433 4 15 theme 16S 360:362 arg1 sequences 374:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 1 16 theme alpine 66:71 arg1 soil 80:83 alpine forest soil 66:83 alpine forest soil 66:83 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 10 17 theme G+C 1173:1175 arg1 content 1177:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content 1157:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content 1157:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. 27707433 10 17 theme G+C 1173:1175 arg1 % 1197:1197 70.5 mol% 1189:1197 70.5 mol% 1189:1197 The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. 27707433 5 18 theme <96.1 568:572 arg1 % 573:573 % 573:573 % 573:573 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 1 19 theme forest 73:78 arg1 soil 80:83 alpine forest soil 66:83 alpine forest soil 66:83 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 10 20 theme DNA 1169:1171 arg1 content 1177:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content 1157:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content 1157:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. 27707433 10 20 theme DNA 1169:1171 arg1 % 1197:1197 70.5 mol% 1189:1197 70.5 mol% 1189:1197 The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. 27707433 2 21 attach isolated 216:223 arg2 bacterium 173:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium 86:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium 86:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium, designated strain S20-107T, was isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 2 21 attach isolated 216:223 arg1 soil 244:247 alpine forest soil 230:247 alpine forest soil 230:247 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium, designated strain S20-107T, was isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 0 22 theme silvestris 12:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Nakamurella silvestris sp 0:24 Nakamurella silvestris sp. 0:25 Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 4 23 theme genus 431:435 arg1 Nakamurella 437:447 the genus Nakamurella 427:447 the genus Nakamurella 427:447 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 5 24 theme % 573:573 arg1 rRNA 579:582 <96.1% 16S rRNA 568:582 <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella 568:666 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 10 25 theme genomic 1161:1167 arg1 content 1177:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content 1157:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content 1157:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. 27707433 10 25 theme genomic 1161:1167 arg1 % 1197:1197 70.5 mol% 1189:1197 70.5 mol% 1189:1197 The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. 27707433 0 26 theme Nakamurella 0:10 arg1 sp 23:24 Nakamurella silvestris sp 0:24 Nakamurella silvestris sp. 0:25 Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 5 27 theme 16S 575:577 arg1 rRNA 579:582 <96.1% 16S rRNA 568:582 <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella 568:666 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 8 28 theme major 986:990 arg1 lipids 998:1003 the major polar lipids 982:1003 the major polar lipids 982:1003 The strain contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the major polar lipids. 27707433 13 29 theme =DSM 1450:1453 arg1 29427T 1467:1472 =DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T 1450:1472 =DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T 1450:1472 The type strain is S20-107T (=DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T). 27707433 13 29 theme =DSM 1450:1453 arg1 S20-107T 1440:1447 S20-107T 1440:1447 S20-107T (=DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T) 1440:1473 The type strain is S20-107T (=DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T). 27707433 11 30 theme strain 1288:1293 arg1 S20-107T 1295:1302 strain S20-107T 1288:1302 strain S20-107T 1288:1302 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 8 31 theme polar 992:996 arg1 lipids 998:1003 the major polar lipids 982:1003 the major polar lipids 982:1003 The strain contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the major polar lipids. 27707433 3 32 theme NaCl 323:326 arg1 presence 299:306 the presence 295:306 the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 295:326 Growth occurred at 0-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27707433 1 33 attach isolated 52:59 arg2 actinobacterium 36:50 an actinobacterium 33:50 an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soil 33:83 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 1 33 attach isolated 52:59 arg1 soil 80:83 alpine forest soil 66:83 alpine forest soil 66:83 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 4 34 theme Phylogenetic 329:340 arg1 analysis 342:349 Phylogenetic analysis 329:349 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 329:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 13 35 theme 102309T=LMG 1455:1465 arg1 29427T 1467:1472 =DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T 1450:1472 =DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T 1450:1472 The type strain is S20-107T (=DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T). 27707433 13 35 theme 102309T=LMG 1455:1465 arg1 S20-107T 1440:1447 S20-107T 1440:1447 S20-107T (=DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T) 1440:1473 The type strain is S20-107T (=DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T). 27707433 10 36 theme mol 1194:1196 arg1 content 1177:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content 1157:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content 1157:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. 27707433 10 36 theme mol 1194:1196 arg1 % 1197:1197 70.5 mol% 1189:1197 70.5 mol% 1189:1197 The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. 27707433 11 37 theme Combined 1200:1207 arg1 data 1209:1212 Combined data 1200:1212 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1200:1268 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 4 38 theme flavida 520:526 arg1 DS-52T 528:533 Nakamurella flavida DS-52T 508:533 Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %) 508:542 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 4 38 theme flavida 520:526 arg1 % 541:541 96.1 % 536:541 96.1 % 536:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 2 39 theme strain 195:200 arg1 S20-107T 202:209 strain S20-107T 195:209 strain S20-107T 195:209 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium, designated strain S20-107T, was isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 11 40 theme Nakamurella 1344:1354 arg1 species 1323:1329 a novel species 1315:1329 a novel species 1315:1329 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 11 41 theme genus 1338:1342 arg1 Nakamurella 1344:1354 the genus Nakamurella 1334:1354 the genus Nakamurella 1334:1354 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 1 42 dep actinobacterium 36:50 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 11 43 theme phenotypic 1231:1240 arg1 analyses 1261:1268 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1217:1268 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1217:1268 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 4 44 theme Nakamurella 508:518 arg1 DS-52T 528:533 Nakamurella flavida DS-52T 508:533 Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %) 508:542 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 4 44 theme Nakamurella 508:518 arg1 % 541:541 96.1 % 536:541 96.1 % 536:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 3 45 theme 0-30 269:272 arg1 °C 274:275 0-30 °C 269:275 0-30 °C 269:275 Growth occurred at 0-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27707433 4 46 theme strain 396:401 arg1 S20-107T 403:410 strain S20-107T 396:410 strain S20-107T 396:410 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 8 47 contain contained 838:846 arg2 H4 853:854 H4 853:854 H4 853:854 The strain contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the major polar lipids. 27707433 8 47 contain contained 838:846 arg2 MK-8 848:851 MK-8 848:851 MK-8(H4) 848:855 The strain contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the major polar lipids. 27707433 8 47 contain contained 838:846 arg1 strain 831:836 The strain 827:836 The strain 827:836 The strain contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the major polar lipids. 27707433 8 47 contain contained 838:846 arg2 aminophospholipid 961:977 aminophospholipid 961:977 aminophospholipid 961:977 The strain contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the major polar lipids. 27707433 8 47 contain contained 838:846 arg2 menaquinone 876:886 the predominant menaquinone 860:886 the predominant menaquinone 860:886 The strain contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the major polar lipids. 27707433 9 48 dep C16  1086:1089 arg1 iso-C15  1122:1129 iso-C15  1122:1129 iso-C15  1122:1129 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 48 dep C16  1086:1089 arg1 2-OH 1134:1137  0 2-OH 1131:1137  0 2-OH 1131:1137 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 48 dep C16  1086:1089 arg1  1ω7c 1109:1113  1ω7c 1109:1113  1ω7c 1109:1113 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 48 dep C16  1086:1089 arg1 C16  1104:1107 C16  1104:1107 C16  1104:1107 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 48 dep C16  1086:1089 arg1  1ω6c 1091:1095  1ω6c 1091:1095  1ω6c 1091:1095 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 13 49 theme type 1425:1428 arg1 strain 1430:1435 The type strain 1421:1435 The type strain 1421:1435 The type strain is S20-107T (=DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T). 27707433 13 49 theme type 1425:1428 arg1 S20-107T 1440:1447 S20-107T 1440:1447 S20-107T (=DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T) 1440:1473 The type strain is S20-107T (=DSM 102309T=LMG 29427T). 27707433 11 50 theme name 1371:1374 arg1 sp 1399:1400 the name Nakamurella silvestris sp 1367:1400 the name Nakamurella silvestris sp 1367:1400 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 2 51 theme Gram-stain-positive 88:106 arg1 bacterium 173:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium 86:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium 86:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium, designated strain S20-107T, was isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 5 52 theme genus 650:654 arg1 Nakamurella 656:666 the genus Nakamurella 646:666 the genus Nakamurella 646:666 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 2 53 theme forest 237:242 arg1 soil 244:247 alpine forest soil 230:247 alpine forest soil 230:247 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium, designated strain S20-107T, was isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 4 54 theme highest 461:467 arg1 similarity 492:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 11 55 theme phylogenetic 1217:1228 arg1 analyses 1261:1268 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1217:1268 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1217:1268 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 4 56 theme 16S 469:471 arg1 similarity 492:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 3 57 dep % 315:315 arg1 w/v 318:320 w/v 318:320 w/v 318:320 Growth occurred at 0-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27707433 2 58 theme alpine 230:235 arg1 soil 244:247 alpine forest soil 230:247 alpine forest soil 230:247 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium, designated strain S20-107T, was isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 6 59 theme meso-diaminopimelic 707:725 arg1 acid 727:730 meso-diaminopimelic acid 707:730 meso-diaminopimelic acid 707:730 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27707433 11 60 theme silvestris 1388:1397 arg1 sp 1399:1400 the name Nakamurella silvestris sp 1367:1400 the name Nakamurella silvestris sp 1367:1400 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 4 61 theme sequence 483:490 arg1 similarity 492:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 8 62 theme predominant 864:874 arg1 MK-8 848:851 MK-8 848:851 MK-8(H4) 848:855 The strain contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the major polar lipids. 27707433 8 62 theme predominant 864:874 arg1 menaquinone 876:886 the predominant menaquinone 860:886 the predominant menaquinone 860:886 The strain contained MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the major polar lipids. 27707433 4 63 theme rRNA 473:476 arg1 similarity 492:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 4 64 theme gene 478:481 arg1 similarity 492:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 457:501 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 5 65 theme other 618:622 arg1 members 635:641 all other recognized members 614:641 all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella 614:666 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 4 66 theme gene 369:372 arg1 sequences 374:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 16S rRNA gene sequences 360:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S20-107T was related to the genus Nakamurella and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.1 %). 27707433 9 67 dep anteiso-C15  1042:1053 arg1 C16  1059:1062 C16  1059:1062 C16  1059:1062 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 67 dep anteiso-C15  1042:1053 arg1  0 1064:1065  0 1064:1065  0 1064:1065 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 67 dep anteiso-C15  1042:1053 arg1 C16  1086:1089 C16  1086:1089 C16  1086:1089 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 67 dep anteiso-C15  1042:1053 arg1 iso-C16  1144:1151 iso-C16  1144:1151 iso-C16  1144:1151 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 67 dep anteiso-C15  1042:1053 arg1 feature 1075:1081 summed feature 3 1068:1083 summed feature 3 1068:1083 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 67 dep anteiso-C15  1042:1053 arg1  0 1153:1154  0 1153:1154  0 1153:1154 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 11 68 theme Nakamurella 1376:1386 arg1 sp 1399:1400 the name Nakamurella silvestris sp 1367:1400 the name Nakamurella silvestris sp 1367:1400 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 5 69 theme recognized 624:633 arg1 members 635:641 all other recognized members 614:641 all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella 614:666 Strain S20-107T showed <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other recognized members of the genus Nakamurella. 27707433 6 70 theme cell-wall 673:681 arg1 peptidoglycan 683:695 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 669:695 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 669:695 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27707433 7 71 theme major 737:741 arg1 glucose 766:772 glucose 766:772 glucose 766:772 The major whole-cell sugars were glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, ribose and rhamnose. 27707433 7 71 theme major 737:741 arg1 sugars 754:759 The major whole-cell sugars 733:759 The major whole-cell sugars 733:759 The major whole-cell sugars were glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, ribose and rhamnose. 27707433 11 72 theme novel 1317:1321 arg1 species 1323:1329 a novel species 1315:1329 a novel species 1315:1329 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strain S20-107T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella silvestris sp. 27707433 9 73 theme major 1010:1014 arg1 anteiso-C15  1042:1053 anteiso-C15  1042:1053 anteiso-C15  1042:1053 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 9 73 theme major 1010:1014 arg1 acids 1031:1035 The major cellular fatty acids 1006:1035 The major cellular fatty acids 1006:1035 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C16 : 0. 27707433 3 74 theme 0-3  311:314 arg1 % 315:315 % 315:315 % 315:315 Growth occurred at 0-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27707433 2 75 theme catalase-positive 121:137 arg1 bacterium 173:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium 86:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium 86:181 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacterium, designated strain S20-107T, was isolated from alpine forest soil. 27707433 6 76 contain contained 697:705 arg2 acid 727:730 meso-diaminopimelic acid 707:730 meso-diaminopimelic acid 707:730 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27707433 6 76 contain contained 697:705 arg1 peptidoglycan 683:695 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 669:695 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 669:695 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27707433 7 77 theme whole-cell 743:752 arg1 glucose 766:772 glucose 766:772 glucose 766:772 The major whole-cell sugars were glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, ribose and rhamnose. 27707433 7 77 theme whole-cell 743:752 arg1 sugars 754:759 The major whole-cell sugars 733:759 The major whole-cell sugars 733:759 The major whole-cell sugars were glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, ribose and rhamnose. 27470265 4 0 theme highest 446:452 arg1 similarity 463:472 highest sequence similarity 446:472 highest sequence similarity 446:472 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain B2-12T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared highest sequence similarity with 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 (98.4 %). 27470265 7 1 theme cell-wall 794:802 arg1 peptidoglycan 804:816 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 790:816 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 790:816 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27470265 7 2 from acid 782:785 arg1 peptidoglycan 804:816 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 790:816 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 790:816 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27470265 10 3 theme gene 1053:1056 arg1 comparisons 1067:1077 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1044:1077 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1044:1077 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 8 4 theme polar 936:940 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 908:927 phosphatidylinositol 908:927 phosphatidylinositol 908:927 It contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids. 27470265 8 4 theme polar 936:940 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 883:902 phosphatidylglycerol 883:902 phosphatidylglycerol 883:902 It contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids. 27470265 8 4 theme polar 936:940 arg1 lipids 942:947 the polar lipids 932:947 the polar lipids 932:947 It contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids. 27470265 8 4 theme polar 936:940 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 859:880 diphosphatidylglycerol 859:880 diphosphatidylglycerol 859:880 It contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids. 27470265 4 5 theme rRNA 352:355 arg1 sequencing 362:371 16S rRNA gene sequencing 348:371 16S rRNA gene sequencing 348:371 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain B2-12T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared highest sequence similarity with 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 (98.4 %). 27470265 10 6 theme rRNA 1048:1051 arg1 comparisons 1067:1077 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1044:1077 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1044:1077 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 2 7 theme actinobacterial 84:98 arg1 B2-12T 108:113 B2-12T 108:113 B2-12T 108:113 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 2 7 theme actinobacterial 84:98 arg1 strain 100:105 A novel actinobacterial strain 76:105 A novel actinobacterial strain 76:105 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 4 8 theme 16S 348:350 arg1 sequencing 362:371 16S rRNA gene sequencing 348:371 16S rRNA gene sequencing 348:371 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain B2-12T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared highest sequence similarity with 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 (98.4 %). 27470265 12 9 theme type 1251:1254 arg1 B2-12T 1266:1271 B2-12T 1266:1271 B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T) 1266:1312 The type strain is B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T). 27470265 12 9 theme type 1251:1254 arg1 strain 1256:1261 The type strain 1247:1261 The type strain 1247:1261 The type strain is B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T). 27470265 10 10 theme hybridization 1091:1103 arg1 data 1105:1108 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1083:1108 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1083:1108 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 10 11 theme 16S 1044:1046 arg1 comparisons 1067:1077 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1044:1077 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1044:1077 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 3 12 dep Gram-stain-positive 232:250 arg1 short-rod-shaped 298:313 short-rod-shaped 298:313 short-rod-shaped 298:313 Cells of strain B2-12T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and coccoid to short-rod-shaped. 27470265 3 12 dep Gram-stain-positive 232:250 arg1 to 295:296 to 295:296 to 295:296 Cells of strain B2-12T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and coccoid to short-rod-shaped. 27470265 9 13 theme mol 979:981 arg1 % 982:982 67.0 mol% 974:982 67.0 mol% 974:982 The DNA G+C content was 67.0 mol%. 27470265 9 13 theme mol 979:981 arg1 content 962:968 The DNA G+C content 950:968 The DNA G+C content 950:968 The DNA G+C content was 67.0 mol%. 27470265 6 14 dep C16  617:620 arg1  0 740:741  0 740:741  0 740:741 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 14 dep C16  617:620 arg1 C17  747:750 C17  747:750 C17  747:750 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 14 dep C16  617:620 arg1 ω7c 626:628 ω7c 626:628 ω7c 626:628 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 14 dep C16  617:620 arg1 C16  735:738 C16  735:738 C16  735:738 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 14 dep C16  617:620 arg1 ω6c 637:639 ω6c 637:639 ω6c 637:639 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 14 dep C16  617:620 arg1  0 708:709  0 708:709  0 708:709 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 14 dep C16  617:620 arg1 iso-C17  661:668 iso-C17  661:668 iso-C17  661:668 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 14 dep C16  617:620 arg1  1ω6c 752:756  1ω6c 752:756  1ω6c 752:756 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 10 15 theme novel 1138:1142 arg1 species 1144:1150 a novel species 1136:1150 a novel species 1136:1150 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 10 16 theme sequence 1058:1065 arg1 comparisons 1067:1077 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1044:1077 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1044:1077 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 4 17 theme genus 416:420 arg1 Nocardioides 422:433 the genus Nocardioides 412:433 the genus Nocardioides 412:433 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain B2-12T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared highest sequence similarity with 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 (98.4 %). 27470265 4 18 theme gene 357:360 arg1 sequencing 362:371 16S rRNA gene sequencing 348:371 16S rRNA gene sequencing 348:371 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain B2-12T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared highest sequence similarity with 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 (98.4 %). 27470265 6 19 dep iso-C17  661:668 arg1  1ω9c 670:674  1ω9c 670:674  1ω9c 670:674 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 19 dep iso-C17  661:668 arg1 C16  683:686 C16  683:686 C16  683:686 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 19 dep iso-C17  661:668 arg1 10-methyl 691:699  0 10-methyl 688:699 iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl 661:699 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 12 20 theme 39748T=NRRL 1280:1290 arg1 100725T 1305:1311 =KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T 1274:1311 =KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T 1274:1311 The type strain is B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T). 27470265 12 20 theme 39748T=NRRL 1280:1290 arg1 B2-12T 1266:1271 B2-12T 1266:1271 B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T) 1266:1312 The type strain is B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T). 27470265 1 21 theme crater 63:68 arg1 lake 70:73 a crater lake 61:73 a crater lake 61:73 nov., isolated from soil of a crater lake. 27470265 7 22 theme diagnostic 763:772 arg1 acid 840:843 ll-diaminopimelic acid 822:843 ll-diaminopimelic acid 822:843 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27470265 7 22 theme diagnostic 763:772 arg1 acid 782:785 The diagnostic diamino acid 759:785 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 759:816 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27470265 12 23 theme =KCTC 1274:1278 arg1 100725T 1305:1311 =KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T 1274:1311 =KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T 1274:1311 The type strain is B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T). 27470265 12 23 theme =KCTC 1274:1278 arg1 B2-12T 1266:1271 B2-12T 1266:1271 B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T) 1266:1312 The type strain is B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T). 27470265 1 24 theme lake 70:73 arg1 soil 53:56 soil 53:56 soil of a crater lake 53:73 nov., isolated from soil of a crater lake. 27470265 0 25 theme Nocardioides 0:11 arg1 baekrokdamisoli 13:27 Nocardioides baekrokdamisoli 0:27 Nocardioides baekrokdamisoli 0:27 Nocardioides baekrokdamisoli sp. 27470265 4 26 dep shared 439:444 arg1 % 520:520 98.4 % 515:520 98.4 % 515:520 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain B2-12T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared highest sequence similarity with 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 (98.4 %). 27470265 5 27 theme predominant 528:538 arg1 MK-8 563:566 MK-8 563:566 MK-8(H4) 563:570 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4). 27470265 5 27 theme predominant 528:538 arg1 quinone 551:557 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 524:557 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 524:557 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4). 27470265 9 28 theme DNA 954:956 arg1 % 982:982 67.0 mol% 974:982 67.0 mol% 974:982 The DNA G+C content was 67.0 mol%. 27470265 9 28 theme DNA 954:956 arg1 content 962:968 The DNA G+C content 950:968 The DNA G+C content 950:968 The DNA G+C content was 67.0 mol%. 27470265 3 29 theme strain 213:218 arg1 B2-12T 220:225 strain B2-12T 213:225 strain B2-12T 213:225 Cells of strain B2-12T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and coccoid to short-rod-shaped. 27470265 5 30 theme isoprenoid 540:549 arg1 MK-8 563:566 MK-8 563:566 MK-8(H4) 563:570 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4). 27470265 5 30 theme isoprenoid 540:549 arg1 quinone 551:557 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 524:557 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 524:557 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4). 27470265 10 31 theme phylogenetic 994:1005 arg1 data 1038:1041 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 994:1041 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 994:1041 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 9 32 theme G+C 958:960 arg1 % 982:982 67.0 mol% 974:982 67.0 mol% 974:982 The DNA G+C content was 67.0 mol%. 27470265 9 32 theme G+C 958:960 arg1 content 962:968 The DNA G+C content 950:968 The DNA G+C content 950:968 The DNA G+C content was 67.0 mol%. 27470265 3 33 theme B2-12T 220:225 arg1 Cells 204:208 Cells 204:208 Cells of strain B2-12T 204:225 Cells of strain B2-12T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and coccoid to short-rod-shaped. 27470265 2 34 theme crater 144:149 arg1 Hallasan 169:176 Hallasan 169:176 Hallasan 169:176 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 2 34 theme crater 144:149 arg1 Republic 185:192 Republic 185:192 Republic 185:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 2 34 theme crater 144:149 arg1 lake 151:154 a crater lake 142:154 a crater lake 142:154 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 6 35 theme B2-12T 605:610 arg1 C16  617:620 C16  617:620 C16  617:620 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 35 theme B2-12T 605:610 arg1 acids 589:593 The major fatty acids 573:593 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T 573:610 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 10 36 theme genus 1159:1163 arg1 Nocardioides 1165:1176 the genus Nocardioides 1155:1176 the genus Nocardioides 1155:1176 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 6 37 dep 10-methyl 711:719 arg1 iso-C16  722:729 iso-C16  722:729 iso-C16  722:729 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 7 38 theme diamino 774:780 arg1 acid 840:843 ll-diaminopimelic acid 822:843 ll-diaminopimelic acid 822:843 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27470265 7 38 theme diamino 774:780 arg1 acid 782:785 The diagnostic diamino acid 759:785 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 759:816 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27470265 6 39 theme strain 598:603 arg1 B2-12T 605:610 strain B2-12T 598:610 strain B2-12T 598:610 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 8 40 contain contained 849:857 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 908:927 phosphatidylinositol 908:927 phosphatidylinositol 908:927 It contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids. 27470265 8 40 contain contained 849:857 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 883:902 phosphatidylglycerol 883:902 phosphatidylglycerol 883:902 It contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids. 27470265 8 40 contain contained 849:857 arg2 lipids 942:947 the polar lipids 932:947 the polar lipids 932:947 It contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids. 27470265 8 40 contain contained 849:857 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 859:880 diphosphatidylglycerol 859:880 diphosphatidylglycerol 859:880 It contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids. 27470265 8 40 contain contained 849:857 arg1 It 846:847 It 846:847 It 846:847 It contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids. 27470265 2 41 theme novel 78:82 arg1 B2-12T 108:113 B2-12T 108:113 B2-12T 108:113 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 2 41 theme novel 78:82 arg1 strain 100:105 A novel actinobacterial strain 76:105 A novel actinobacterial strain 76:105 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 4 42 theme Nocardioidespaucivorans 480:502 arg1 KIS31-44 505:512 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 479:512 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 479:512 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain B2-12T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared highest sequence similarity with 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 (98.4 %). 27470265 7 43 theme ll-diaminopimelic 822:838 arg1 acid 840:843 ll-diaminopimelic acid 822:843 ll-diaminopimelic acid 822:843 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27470265 7 43 theme ll-diaminopimelic 822:838 arg1 acid 782:785 The diagnostic diamino acid 759:785 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 759:816 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27470265 2 44 attach isolated 120:127 arg1 soil 134:137 soil 134:137 soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea 134:201 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 2 44 attach isolated 120:127 arg2 B2-12T 108:113 B2-12T 108:113 B2-12T 108:113 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 2 44 attach isolated 120:127 arg2 strain 100:105 A novel actinobacterial strain 76:105 A novel actinobacterial strain 76:105 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 4 45 theme Phylogenetic 316:327 arg1 analysis 329:336 Phylogenetic analysis 316:336 Phylogenetic analysis 316:336 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain B2-12T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared highest sequence similarity with 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 (98.4 %). 27470265 10 46 theme DNA-DNA 1083:1089 arg1 data 1105:1108 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1083:1108 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1083:1108 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 10 47 from species 1144:1150 arg1 Nocardioides 1165:1176 the genus Nocardioides 1155:1176 the genus Nocardioides 1155:1176 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 6 48 theme summed 643:648 arg1 feature 650:656 summed feature 9 643:658 summed feature 9 643:658 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 48 theme summed 643:648 arg1 C16  617:620 C16  617:620 C16  617:620 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 4 49 theme strain 386:391 arg1 B2-12T 393:398 strain B2-12T 386:398 strain B2-12T 386:398 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain B2-12T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared highest sequence similarity with 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 (98.4 %). 27470265 0 50 dep sp 29:30 arg1 baekrokdamisoli 13:27 Nocardioides baekrokdamisoli 0:27 Nocardioides baekrokdamisoli 0:27 Nocardioides baekrokdamisoli sp. 27470265 6 51 theme fatty 583:587 arg1 C16  617:620 C16  617:620 C16  617:620 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 51 theme fatty 583:587 arg1 acids 589:593 The major fatty acids 573:593 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T 573:610 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 10 52 theme phenotypic 1027:1036 arg1 data 1038:1041 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 994:1041 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 994:1041 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 2 53 theme lake 151:154 arg1 soil 134:137 soil 134:137 soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea 134:201 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 6 54 theme major 577:581 arg1 C16  617:620 C16  617:620 C16  617:620 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 6 54 theme major 577:581 arg1 acids 589:593 The major fatty acids 573:593 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T 573:610 The major fatty acids of strain B2-12T were C16 : 1 (ω7c and/or ω6c), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), C17 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27470265 4 55 theme sequence 454:461 arg1 similarity 463:472 highest sequence similarity 446:472 highest sequence similarity 446:472 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain B2-12T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared highest sequence similarity with 'Nocardioidespaucivorans' KIS31-44 (98.4 %). 27470265 10 56 theme chemotaxonomic 1008:1021 arg1 data 1038:1041 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 994:1041 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 994:1041 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 10 57 theme name 1193:1196 arg1 Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp 1198:1226 the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp 1189:1226 the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp 1189:1226 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 12 58 theme B-65313T=DSM 1292:1303 arg1 100725T 1305:1311 =KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T 1274:1311 =KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T 1274:1311 The type strain is B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T). 27470265 12 58 theme B-65313T=DSM 1292:1303 arg1 B2-12T 1266:1271 B2-12T 1266:1271 B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T) 1266:1312 The type strain is B2-12T (=KCTC 39748T=NRRL B-65313T=DSM 100725T). 27470265 10 59 theme strain 1111:1116 arg1 B2-12T 1118:1123 strain B2-12T 1111:1123 strain B2-12T 1111:1123 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain B2-12T represents a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioidesbaekrokdamisolisp. 27470265 2 60 theme Korea 197:201 arg1 Hallasan 169:176 Hallasan 169:176 Hallasan 169:176 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 2 60 theme Korea 197:201 arg1 Republic 185:192 Republic 185:192 Republic 185:192 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27470265 2 60 theme Korea 197:201 arg1 lake 151:154 a crater lake 142:154 a crater lake 142:154 A novel actinobacterial strain, B2-12T, was isolated from soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 27295948 8 0 theme strain 984:989 arg1 TBS-100T 991:998 strain TBS-100T 984:998 strain TBS-100T 984:998 The whole-cell sugars of strain TBS-100T were ribose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose. 27295948 14 1 theme emended 1440:1446 arg1 description 1448:1458 an emended description 1437:1458 an emended description of the genus Flexivirga 1437:1482 In addition, an emended description of the genus Flexivirga is proposed. 27295948 8 2 theme TBS-100T 991:998 arg1 ribose 1005:1010 ribose 1005:1010 ribose 1005:1010 The whole-cell sugars of strain TBS-100T were ribose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose. 27295948 8 2 theme TBS-100T 991:998 arg1 sugars 974:979 The whole-cell sugars 959:979 The whole-cell sugars of strain TBS-100T 959:998 The whole-cell sugars of strain TBS-100T were ribose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose. 27295948 11 3 theme Flexivirga 1330:1339 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Flexivirga lutea sp 1321:1348 the name Flexivirga lutea sp 1321:1348 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 11 4 theme phenotypic 1181:1190 arg1 analyses 1220:1227 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1177:1227 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1177:1227 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 1 5 theme genus 119:123 arg1 Flexivirga 125:134 the genus Flexivirga 115:134 the genus Flexivirga 115:134 nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 2 6 theme strain 229:234 arg1 TBS-100T 236:243 strain TBS-100T 229:243 strain TBS-100T 229:243 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 7 7 theme unidentified 932:943 arg1 phospholipid 945:956 an unidentified phospholipid 929:956 an unidentified phospholipid 929:956 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, seven unidentified lipids and an unidentified phospholipid. 27295948 4 8 theme NaCl 651:654 arg1 presence 629:636 the presence 625:636 the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl 625:654 The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T were 30 °C, at a pH of 7 and in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27295948 3 9 theme phylogenetic 315:326 arg1 analysis 328:335 The phylogenetic analysis 311:335 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences 311:372 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 9 10 theme aspartic 1127:1134 arg1 acid 1136:1139 aspartic acid 1127:1139 aspartic acid 1127:1139 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. 27295948 11 11 theme lutea 1341:1345 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Flexivirga lutea sp 1321:1348 the name Flexivirga lutea sp 1321:1348 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 13 12 theme =KCTC 1398:1402 arg1 TBS-100T 1388:1395 TBS-100T 1388:1395 TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T) 1388:1421 The type strain is TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T). 27295948 13 12 theme =KCTC 1398:1402 arg1 31200T 1415:1420 =KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T 1398:1420 =KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T 1398:1420 The type strain is TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T). 27295948 3 13 theme alba 434:437 arg1 24460T 443:448 Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T 423:448 Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T 423:448 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 3 13 theme alba 434:437 arg1 relative 398:405 the closest relative 386:405 the closest relative of TBS-100T 386:417 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 4 14 theme 7 616:616 arg1 pH 610:611 a pH 608:611 a pH of 7 608:616 The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T were 30 °C, at a pH of 7 and in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27295948 2 15 theme Nipponia 294:301 arg1 ibis 288:291 a crested ibis 278:291 a crested ibis 278:291 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 2 15 theme Nipponia 294:301 arg1 nippon 303:308 Nipponia nippon 294:308 Nipponia nippon 294:308 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 4 16 theme % 643:643 arg1 NaCl 651:654 0 % (w/v) NaCl 641:654 0 % (w/v) NaCl 641:654 The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T were 30 °C, at a pH of 7 and in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27295948 13 17 theme 39625T=JCM 1404:1413 arg1 TBS-100T 1388:1395 TBS-100T 1388:1395 TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T) 1388:1421 The type strain is TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T). 27295948 13 17 theme 39625T=JCM 1404:1413 arg1 31200T 1415:1420 =KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T 1398:1420 =KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T 1398:1420 The type strain is TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T). 27295948 1 18 theme Flexivirga 125:134 arg1 ibis 65:68 a crested ibis 55:68 a crested ibis 55:68 nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 1 18 theme Flexivirga 125:134 arg1 nippon 80:85 Nipponia nippon 71:85 Nipponia nippon 71:85 nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 1 18 theme Flexivirga 125:134 arg1 description 100:110 emended description 92:110 emended description 92:110 nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 11 19 theme genotypic 1210:1218 arg1 analyses 1220:1227 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1177:1227 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1177:1227 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 6 20 theme predominant 751:761 arg1 MK-8 788:791 MK-8 788:791 MK-8 788:791 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-8 (H4) (70.2 %) and MK-8 (H6) (29.7 %). 27295948 6 20 theme predominant 751:761 arg1 quinones 774:781 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 747:781 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 747:781 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-8 (H4) (70.2 %) and MK-8 (H6) (29.7 %). 27295948 5 21 theme primary 661:667 arg1 anteiso-C17  714:725 anteiso-C17  714:725 anteiso-C17  714:725 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 5 21 theme primary 661:667 arg1 acids 684:688 The primary cellular fatty acids 657:688 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T 657:707 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 2 22 theme crested 280:286 arg1 ibis 288:291 a crested ibis 278:291 a crested ibis 278:291 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 2 22 theme crested 280:286 arg1 nippon 303:308 Nipponia nippon 294:308 Nipponia nippon 294:308 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 3 23 theme DSM 439:441 arg1 24460T 443:448 Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T 423:448 Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T 423:448 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 3 23 theme DSM 439:441 arg1 relative 398:405 the closest relative 386:405 the closest relative of TBS-100T 386:417 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 3 24 theme closest 390:396 arg1 24460T 443:448 Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T 423:448 Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T 423:448 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 3 24 theme closest 390:396 arg1 relative 398:405 the closest relative 386:405 the closest relative of TBS-100T 386:417 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 9 25 theme glutamic 1100:1107 arg1 acid 1109:1112 glutamic acid 1100:1112 glutamic acid 1100:1112 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. 27295948 7 26 theme unidentified 905:916 arg1 lipids 918:923 seven unidentified lipids 899:923 seven unidentified lipids 899:923 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, seven unidentified lipids and an unidentified phospholipid. 27295948 1 27 theme crested 57:63 arg1 ibis 65:68 a crested ibis 55:68 a crested ibis 55:68 nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 6 28 theme isoprenoid 763:772 arg1 MK-8 788:791 MK-8 788:791 MK-8 788:791 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-8 (H4) (70.2 %) and MK-8 (H6) (29.7 %). 27295948 6 28 theme isoprenoid 763:772 arg1 quinones 774:781 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 747:781 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 747:781 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-8 (H4) (70.2 %) and MK-8 (H6) (29.7 %). 27295948 0 29 theme Flexivirga 0:9 arg1 lutea 11:15 Flexivirga lutea 0:15 Flexivirga lutea 0:15 Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 3 30 with 24460T 443:448 arg1 similarity 472:481 97.11 % sequence similarity 455:481 97.11 % sequence similarity 455:481 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 1 31 theme ibis 65:68 arg1 faeces 45:50 the faeces 41:50 the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga 41:134 nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 5 32 theme TBS-100T 700:707 arg1 anteiso-C17  714:725 anteiso-C17  714:725 anteiso-C17  714:725 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 5 32 theme TBS-100T 700:707 arg1 acids 684:688 The primary cellular fatty acids 657:688 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T 657:707 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 5 33 theme strain 693:698 arg1 TBS-100T 700:707 strain TBS-100T 693:707 strain TBS-100T 693:707 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 3 34 theme genus 525:529 arg1 Flexivirga 531:540 the genus Flexivirga 521:540 the genus Flexivirga 521:540 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 3 35 theme strain 493:498 arg1 TBS-100T 500:507 strain TBS-100T 493:507 strain TBS-100T 493:507 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 3 36 theme TBS-100T 410:417 arg1 24460T 443:448 Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T 423:448 Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T 423:448 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 3 36 theme TBS-100T 410:417 arg1 relative 398:405 the closest relative 386:405 the closest relative of TBS-100T 386:417 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 4 37 theme 0  641:642 arg1 % 643:643 % 643:643 % 643:643 The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T were 30 °C, at a pH of 7 and in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27295948 10 38 theme G+C 1150:1152 arg1 content 1154:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. 27295948 10 38 theme G+C 1150:1152 arg1 % 1174:1174 64.8 mol% 1166:1174 64.8 mol% 1166:1174 The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. 27295948 2 39 theme novel 139:143 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 1 40 theme Nipponia 71:78 arg1 nippon 80:85 Nipponia nippon 71:85 Nipponia nippon 71:85 nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 14 41 theme genus 1467:1471 arg1 Flexivirga 1473:1482 the genus Flexivirga 1463:1482 the genus Flexivirga 1463:1482 In addition, an emended description of the genus Flexivirga is proposed. 27295948 3 42 theme % 461:461 arg1 similarity 472:481 97.11 % sequence similarity 455:481 97.11 % sequence similarity 455:481 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 3 43 theme gene 359:362 arg1 sequences 364:372 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:372 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:372 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 11 44 theme novel 1273:1277 arg1 species 1279:1285 a novel species 1271:1285 a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp 1271:1348 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 11 45 theme phylogenetic 1193:1204 arg1 analyses 1220:1227 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1177:1227 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1177:1227 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 5 46 theme cellular 669:676 arg1 anteiso-C17  714:725 anteiso-C17  714:725 anteiso-C17  714:725 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 5 46 theme cellular 669:676 arg1 acids 684:688 The primary cellular fatty acids 657:688 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T 657:707 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 2 47 attach isolated 250:257 arg1 faeces 268:273 the faeces 264:273 the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon 264:308 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 2 47 attach isolated 250:257 arg2 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 2 48 theme coccus-shaped 193:205 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 3 49 theme 16S 350:352 arg1 sequences 364:372 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:372 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:372 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 8 50 theme whole-cell 963:972 arg1 ribose 1005:1010 ribose 1005:1010 ribose 1005:1010 The whole-cell sugars of strain TBS-100T were ribose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose. 27295948 8 50 theme whole-cell 963:972 arg1 sugars 974:979 The whole-cell sugars 959:979 The whole-cell sugars of strain TBS-100T 959:998 The whole-cell sugars of strain TBS-100T were ribose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose. 27295948 1 51 theme nippon 80:85 arg1 faeces 45:50 the faeces 41:50 the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga 41:134 nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 3 52 theme rRNA 354:357 arg1 sequences 364:372 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:372 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:372 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 11 53 theme strain 1244:1249 arg1 TBS-100T 1251:1258 strain TBS-100T 1244:1258 strain TBS-100T 1244:1258 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 14 54 theme Flexivirga 1473:1482 arg1 description 1448:1458 an emended description 1437:1458 an emended description of the genus Flexivirga 1437:1482 In addition, an emended description of the genus Flexivirga is proposed. 27295948 2 55 theme non-motile 178:187 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 3 56 theme 97.11  455:460 arg1 % 461:461 % 461:461 % 461:461 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 4 57 dep % 643:643 arg1 w/v 646:648 w/v 646:648 w/v 646:648 The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T were 30 °C, at a pH of 7 and in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27295948 11 58 theme Flexivirga 1300:1309 arg1 species 1279:1285 a novel species 1271:1285 a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp 1271:1348 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 13 59 theme type 1373:1376 arg1 TBS-100T 1388:1395 TBS-100T 1388:1395 TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T) 1388:1421 The type strain is TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T). 27295948 13 59 theme type 1373:1376 arg1 strain 1378:1383 The type strain 1369:1383 The type strain 1369:1383 The type strain is TBS-100T (=KCTC 39625T=JCM 31200T). 27295948 7 60 theme polar 835:839 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 853:874 diphosphatidylglycerol 853:874 diphosphatidylglycerol 853:874 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, seven unidentified lipids and an unidentified phospholipid. 27295948 7 60 theme polar 835:839 arg1 lipids 841:846 The polar lipids 831:846 The polar lipids 831:846 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, seven unidentified lipids and an unidentified phospholipid. 27295948 2 61 theme aerobic 169:175 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 10 62 theme DNA 1146:1148 arg1 content 1154:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. 27295948 10 62 theme DNA 1146:1148 arg1 % 1174:1174 64.8 mol% 1166:1174 64.8 mol% 1166:1174 The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. 27295948 3 63 theme Flexivirga 423:432 arg1 24460T 443:448 Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T 423:448 Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T 423:448 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 3 63 theme Flexivirga 423:432 arg1 relative 398:405 the closest relative 386:405 the closest relative of TBS-100T 386:417 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 9 64 contain contained 1073:1081 arg2 acid 1109:1112 glutamic acid 1100:1112 glutamic acid 1100:1112 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. 27295948 9 64 contain contained 1073:1081 arg2 lysine 1092:1097 lysine 1092:1097 lysine 1092:1097 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. 27295948 9 64 contain contained 1073:1081 arg1 peptidoglycan 1059:1071 The peptidoglycan 1055:1071 The peptidoglycan 1055:1071 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. 27295948 9 64 contain contained 1073:1081 arg2 glycine 1115:1121 glycine 1115:1121 glycine 1115:1121 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. 27295948 9 64 contain contained 1073:1081 arg2 acid 1136:1139 aspartic acid 1127:1139 aspartic acid 1127:1139 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. 27295948 9 64 contain contained 1073:1081 arg2 alanine 1083:1089 alanine 1083:1089 alanine 1083:1089 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. 27295948 4 65 theme optimum 547:553 arg1 conditions 562:571 The optimum growth conditions 543:571 The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T 543:591 The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T were 30 °C, at a pH of 7 and in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27295948 0 66 dep sp 17:18 arg1 lutea 11:15 Flexivirga lutea 0:15 Flexivirga lutea 0:15 Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 1 67 theme emended 92:98 arg1 description 100:110 emended description 92:110 emended description 92:110 nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 2 68 theme ibis 288:291 arg1 faeces 268:273 the faeces 264:273 the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon 264:308 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 2 69 theme Gram-staining-positive 145:166 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium 137:215 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBS-100T, was isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. 27295948 5 70 dep anteiso-C17  714:725 arg1  0 727:728  0 727:728  0 727:728 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 5 70 dep anteiso-C17  714:725 arg1  0 743:744  0 743:744  0 743:744 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 5 70 dep anteiso-C17  714:725 arg1 iso-C17  734:741 iso-C17  734:741 iso-C17  734:741 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 4 71 theme strain 577:582 arg1 TBS-100T 584:591 strain TBS-100T 577:591 strain TBS-100T 577:591 The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T were 30 °C, at a pH of 7 and in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27295948 1 72 theme description 100:110 arg1 faeces 45:50 the faeces 41:50 the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga 41:134 nov., isolated from the faeces of a crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, and emended description of the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 11 73 theme genus 1294:1298 arg1 Flexivirga 1300:1309 the genus Flexivirga 1290:1309 the genus Flexivirga 1290:1309 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 5 74 theme fatty 678:682 arg1 anteiso-C17  714:725 anteiso-C17  714:725 anteiso-C17  714:725 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 5 74 theme fatty 678:682 arg1 acids 684:688 The primary cellular fatty acids 657:688 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T 657:707 The primary cellular fatty acids of strain TBS-100T were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 27295948 10 75 theme mol 1171:1173 arg1 content 1154:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. 27295948 10 75 theme mol 1171:1173 arg1 % 1174:1174 64.8 mol% 1166:1174 64.8 mol% 1166:1174 The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. 27295948 3 76 theme sequence 463:470 arg1 similarity 472:481 97.11 % sequence similarity 455:481 97.11 % sequence similarity 455:481 The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relative of TBS-100T was Flexivirga alba DSM 24460T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, and that strain TBS-100T belonged to the genus Flexivirga. 27295948 11 77 theme name 1325:1328 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Flexivirga lutea sp 1321:1348 the name Flexivirga lutea sp 1321:1348 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain TBS-100T represents a novel species of the genus Flexivirga for which the name Flexivirga lutea sp. 27295948 4 78 theme growth 555:560 arg1 conditions 562:571 The optimum growth conditions 543:571 The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T 543:591 The optimum growth conditions for strain TBS-100T were 30 °C, at a pH of 7 and in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27032457 10 0 theme more 1297:1300 arg1 milk 1302:1305 (P < 0·05) more milk 1286:1305 (P < 0·05) more milk 1286:1305 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 6 1 theme P 865:865 arg1 0·05 869:872 P < 0·05 865:872 P < 0·05 865:872 Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. 27032457 10 2 theme C 1325:1325 arg1 group 1327:1331 the C group 1321:1331 the C group (29·1 kg) 1321:1341 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 10 2 theme C 1325:1325 arg1 kg 1339:1340 29·1 kg 1334:1340 29·1 kg 1334:1340 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 0 3 with cows 98:101 arg1 reference 108:116 reference 108:116 reference to metabolisable protein status 108:148 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 11 4 theme supplying 1464:1472 arg1 RPM 1474:1476 supplying RPM 1464:1476 supplying RPM alone 1464:1482 Under conditions of this study, RPM plus RPL improved milk yield and protein contents of dairy cows and was better than supplying RPM alone. 27032457 6 5 dep greater 856:862 arg1 0·05 869:872 P < 0·05 865:872 P < 0·05 865:872 Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. 27032457 11 6 theme milk 1398:1401 arg1 yield 1403:1407 milk yield 1398:1407 milk yield 1398:1407 Under conditions of this study, RPM plus RPL improved milk yield and protein contents of dairy cows and was better than supplying RPM alone. 27032457 6 7 theme M 890:890 arg1 groups 892:897 the C and M groups 880:897 the C and M groups 880:897 Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. 27032457 3 8 theme milk 557:560 arg1 yield 562:566 milk yield 557:566 milk yield 557:566 The study lasted for 8 weeks where milk yield and composition were determined weekly. 27032457 1 9 from effects 195:201 arg1 acids 303:307 plasma amino acids 290:307 plasma amino acids 290:307 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 1 9 from effects 195:201 arg1 yield 280:284 milk yield 275:284 milk yield 275:284 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 11 10 theme dairy 1433:1437 arg1 cows 1439:1442 dairy cows 1433:1442 dairy cows 1433:1442 Under conditions of this study, RPM plus RPL improved milk yield and protein contents of dairy cows and was better than supplying RPM alone. 27032457 6 11 theme C 884:884 arg1 groups 892:897 the C and M groups 880:897 the C and M groups 880:897 Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. 27032457 2 12 theme RPL 512:514 arg1 g 507:507 25 g 504:507 25 g of RPL (ML) 504:519 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 0 13 theme protein 135:141 arg1 status 143:148 metabolisable protein status 121:148 metabolisable protein status 121:148 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 5 14 theme milk 753:756 arg1 contents 758:765 milk contents 753:765 milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids 753:812 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 4 15 theme C 670:670 arg1 M 673:673 the C, M, and ML groups 666:688 M 673:673 Daily milk yield averaged 28·0, 27·8, and 29·7 kg/cow for the C, M, and ML groups, respectively. 27032457 2 16 theme g 507:507 arg1 g/d 439:441 0 g/d 437:441 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML) 437:519 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 12 17 from Response 1485:1492 arg1 yield 1502:1506 milk yield 1497:1506 milk yield 1497:1506 Response in milk yield to RPM and RPL was affected by the MP status of cows which deserves further investigation. 27032457 8 18 theme groups 1081:1086 arg1 one 1072:1074 one 1072:1074 one 1072:1074 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 18 theme groups 1081:1086 arg1 groups 1081:1086 3 groups 1079:1086 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML) 1079:1196 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 0 19 theme plasma 70:75 arg1 acids 83:87 plasma amino acids 70:87 plasma amino acids 70:87 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 1 20 theme amino 297:301 arg1 acids 303:307 plasma amino acids 290:307 plasma amino acids 290:307 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 5 21 theme non-fat 790:796 arg1 contents 758:765 milk contents 753:765 milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids 753:812 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 5 22 theme Dietary 705:711 arg1 treatments 713:722 Dietary treatments 705:722 Dietary treatments 705:722 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 12 23 theme cows 1556:1559 arg1 status 1546:1551 the MP status 1539:1551 the MP status of cows which deserves further investigation 1539:1596 Response in milk yield to RPM and RPL was affected by the MP status of cows which deserves further investigation. 27032457 0 24 theme dairy 92:96 arg1 cows 98:101 dairy cows 92:101 dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status 92:148 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 5 25 theme total 801:805 arg1 solids 807:812 total solids 801:812 total solids 801:812 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 12 26 theme further 1576:1582 arg1 investigation 1584:1596 further investigation 1576:1596 further investigation 1576:1596 Response in milk yield to RPM and RPL was affected by the MP status of cows which deserves further investigation. 27032457 0 27 theme Rumen-protected 0:14 arg1 methionine 16:25 methionine 16:25 methionine 16:25 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 1 28 theme rumen-protected 246:260 arg1 RPL 267:269 RPL 267:269 RPL 267:269 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 1 28 theme rumen-protected 246:260 arg1 Lys 262:264 rumen-protected Lys 246:264 rumen-protected Lys (RPL) 246:270 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 8 29 theme RPM 1121:1123 arg1 g/d 1114:1116 0 g/d 1112:1116 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML) 1112:1196 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 30 theme RPL 1129:1131 arg1 g/d 1114:1116 0 g/d 1112:1116 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML) 1112:1196 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 31 theme multiparous 344:354 arg1 DIM 375:377 154 DIM 371:377 154 DIM 371:377 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 31 theme multiparous 344:354 arg1 cows 365:368 24 multiparous Holstein cows 341:368 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) 341:378 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 32 theme multiparous 1019:1029 arg1 cows 1040:1043 30 multiparous Holstein cows 1016:1043 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) 1016:1053 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 32 theme multiparous 1019:1029 arg1 DIM 1050:1052 100 DIM 1046:1052 100 DIM 1046:1052 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 1 33 theme milk 275:278 arg1 yield 280:284 milk yield 275:284 milk yield 275:284 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 6 34 theme protein 820:826 arg1 content 828:834 Milk protein content 815:834 Milk protein content in the ML group 815:850 Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. 27032457 6 35 theme < 867:867 arg1 0·05 869:872 P < 0·05 865:872 P < 0·05 865:872 Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. 27032457 10 36 theme < 1289:1289 arg1 0·05 1291:1294 P < 0·05 1287:1294 P < 0·05 1287:1294 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 1 37 theme rumen-protected 206:220 arg1 RPM 227:229 RPM 227:229 RPM 227:229 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 1 37 theme rumen-protected 206:220 arg1 Met 222:224 rumen-protected Met 206:224 rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) 206:270 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 7 38 dep significantly 933:945 arg1 P 948:948 P 948:948 P ≥ 0·09 948:955 Plasma levels of all AA were not significantly (P ≥ 0·09) affected by supplemental RPL and/or RPM. 27032457 8 39 theme g/d 1141:1143 arg1 g/d 1114:1116 0 g/d 1112:1116 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML) 1112:1196 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 7 40 dep P 948:948 arg1 0·09 952:955 0·09 952:955 0·09 952:955 Plasma levels of all AA were not significantly (P ≥ 0·09) affected by supplemental RPL and/or RPM. 27032457 8 41 theme RPM 1148:1150 arg1 g/d 1163:1165 50 g/d 1160:1165 50 g/d of RPM 1160:1172 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 41 theme RPM 1148:1150 arg1 C 1134:1134 C 1134:1134 C 1134:1134 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 41 theme RPM 1148:1150 arg1 M 1153:1153 M 1153:1153 M 1153:1153 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 41 theme RPM 1148:1150 arg1 RPM 1121:1123 RPM 1121:1123 RPM 1121:1123 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 41 theme RPM 1148:1150 arg1 RPL 1129:1131 RPL 1129:1131 RPL 1129:1131 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 41 theme RPM 1148:1150 arg1 g/d 1141:1143 50 g/d 1138:1143 50 g/d of RPM (M) 1138:1154 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 42 theme g/d 466:468 arg1 g/d 439:441 0 g/d 437:441 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML) 437:519 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 4 43 theme milk 614:617 arg1 yield 619:623 Daily milk yield 608:623 Daily milk yield 608:623 Daily milk yield averaged 28·0, 27·8, and 29·7 kg/cow for the C, M, and ML groups, respectively. 27032457 11 44 theme study 1369:1373 arg1 conditions 1350:1359 conditions 1350:1359 conditions of this study 1350:1373 Under conditions of this study, RPM plus RPL improved milk yield and protein contents of dairy cows and was better than supplying RPM alone. 27032457 8 45 theme g/d 1182:1184 arg1 g/d 1114:1116 0 g/d 1112:1116 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML) 1112:1196 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 5 46 contain had 724:726 arg1 treatments 713:722 Dietary treatments 705:722 Dietary treatments 705:722 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 5 46 contain had 724:726 arg2 ≥ 742:742 P ≥ 0·54 740:747 P ≥ 0·54 740:747 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 5 46 contain had 724:726 arg2 effects 731:737 no effects 728:737 no effects (P ≥ 0·54) 728:748 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 8 47 theme RPL 1189:1191 arg1 g/d 1182:1184 25 g/d 1179:1184 25 g/d of RPL (ML) 1179:1196 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 48 theme RPM 473:475 arg1 g/d 466:468 30 g/d 463:468 30 g/d of RPM (M) 463:479 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 48 theme RPM 473:475 arg1 RPL 454:456 RPL 454:456 RPL 454:456 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 48 theme RPM 473:475 arg1 g/d 488:490 30 g/d 485:490 30 g/d of RPM 485:497 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 48 theme RPM 473:475 arg1 C 459:459 C 459:459 C 459:459 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 48 theme RPM 473:475 arg1 M 478:478 M 478:478 M 478:478 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 48 theme RPM 473:475 arg1 RPM 446:448 RPM 446:448 RPM 446:448 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 6 49 theme ML 843:844 arg1 group 846:850 the ML group 839:850 the ML group 839:850 Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. 27032457 11 50 theme protein 1413:1419 arg1 contents 1421:1428 protein contents 1413:1428 protein contents 1413:1428 Under conditions of this study, RPM plus RPL improved milk yield and protein contents of dairy cows and was better than supplying RPM alone. 27032457 0 51 theme metabolisable 121:133 arg1 status 143:148 metabolisable protein status 121:148 metabolisable protein status 121:148 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 5 52 theme lactose 775:781 arg1 contents 758:765 milk contents 753:765 milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids 753:812 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 5 53 theme solid 784:788 arg1 non-fat 790:796 solid non-fat 784:796 solid non-fat 784:796 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 11 54 theme cows 1439:1442 arg1 yield 1403:1407 milk yield 1398:1407 milk yield 1398:1407 Under conditions of this study, RPM plus RPL improved milk yield and protein contents of dairy cows and was better than supplying RPM alone. 27032457 11 54 theme cows 1439:1442 arg1 contents 1421:1428 protein contents 1413:1428 protein contents 1413:1428 Under conditions of this study, RPM plus RPL improved milk yield and protein contents of dairy cows and was better than supplying RPM alone. 27032457 2 55 theme RPL 454:456 arg1 g/d 439:441 0 g/d 437:441 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML) 437:519 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 5 56 theme fat 770:772 arg1 contents 758:765 milk contents 753:765 milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids 753:812 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 10 57 theme ML 1257:1258 arg1 groups 1270:1275 the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups 1237:1275 groups 1270:1275 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 10 57 theme ML 1257:1258 arg1 kg 1266:1267 31·4 kg 1261:1267 31·4 kg 1261:1267 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 2 58 theme groups 406:411 arg1 groups 406:411 3 groups 404:411 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML) 404:519 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 58 theme groups 406:411 arg1 one 397:399 one 397:399 one 397:399 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 7 59 theme supplemental 970:981 arg1 RPL 983:985 supplemental RPL 970:985 supplemental RPL 970:985 Plasma levels of all AA were not significantly (P ≥ 0·09) affected by supplemental RPL and/or RPM. 27032457 0 60 theme amino 77:81 arg1 acids 83:87 plasma amino acids 70:87 plasma amino acids 70:87 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 1 61 theme plasma 290:295 arg1 acids 303:307 plasma amino acids 290:307 plasma amino acids 290:307 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 10 62 from Cows 1229:1232 arg1 groups 1270:1275 the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups 1237:1275 groups 1270:1275 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 10 62 from Cows 1229:1232 arg1 kg 1249:1250 30·5 kg 1244:1250 30·5 kg 1244:1250 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 10 62 from Cows 1229:1232 arg1 kg 1266:1267 31·4 kg 1261:1267 31·4 kg 1261:1267 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 10 62 from Cows 1229:1232 arg1 M 1241:1241 the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups 1237:1275 M 1241:1241 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 2 63 theme RPM 446:448 arg1 g/d 439:441 0 g/d 437:441 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML) 437:519 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 64 theme g/d 488:490 arg1 g/d 439:441 0 g/d 437:441 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML) 437:519 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 4 65 theme ML 680:681 arg1 groups 683:688 the C, M, and ML groups 666:688 groups 683:688 Daily milk yield averaged 28·0, 27·8, and 29·7 kg/cow for the C, M, and ML groups, respectively. 27032457 12 66 theme MP 1543:1544 arg1 status 1546:1551 the MP status 1539:1551 the MP status of cows which deserves further investigation 1539:1596 Response in milk yield to RPM and RPL was affected by the MP status of cows which deserves further investigation. 27032457 0 67 theme cows 98:101 arg1 effects 39:45 effects 39:45 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 0:149 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 1 68 theme dairy 312:316 arg1 cows 318:321 dairy cows 312:321 dairy cows 312:321 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 0 69 from effects 39:45 arg1 production 55:64 milk production 50:64 milk production 50:64 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 0 69 from effects 39:45 arg1 acids 83:87 plasma amino acids 70:87 plasma amino acids 70:87 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 5 70 theme solids 807:812 arg1 contents 758:765 milk contents 753:765 milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids 753:812 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 2 71 theme RPM 495:497 arg1 g/d 466:468 30 g/d 463:468 30 g/d of RPM (M) 463:479 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 71 theme RPM 495:497 arg1 RPL 454:456 RPL 454:456 RPL 454:456 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 71 theme RPM 495:497 arg1 g/d 488:490 30 g/d 485:490 30 g/d of RPM 485:497 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 71 theme RPM 495:497 arg1 C 459:459 C 459:459 C 459:459 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 71 theme RPM 495:497 arg1 M 478:478 M 478:478 M 478:478 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 71 theme RPM 495:497 arg1 RPM 446:448 RPM 446:448 RPM 446:448 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 72 theme Holstein 356:363 arg1 DIM 375:377 154 DIM 371:377 154 DIM 371:377 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 2 72 theme Holstein 356:363 arg1 cows 365:368 24 multiparous Holstein cows 341:368 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) 341:378 In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). 27032457 10 73 dep more 1297:1300 arg1 0·05 1291:1294 P < 0·05 1287:1294 P < 0·05 1287:1294 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 0 74 theme milk 50:53 arg1 production 55:64 milk production 50:64 milk production 50:64 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 1 75 theme cows 318:321 arg1 acids 303:307 plasma amino acids 290:307 plasma amino acids 290:307 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 1 75 theme cows 318:321 arg1 yield 280:284 milk yield 275:284 milk yield 275:284 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 7 76 theme AA 921:922 arg1 levels 907:912 Plasma levels 900:912 Plasma levels of all AA 900:922 Plasma levels of all AA were not significantly (P ≥ 0·09) affected by supplemental RPL and/or RPM. 27032457 4 77 theme Daily 608:612 arg1 yield 619:623 Daily milk yield 608:623 Daily milk yield 608:623 Daily milk yield averaged 28·0, 27·8, and 29·7 kg/cow for the C, M, and ML groups, respectively. 27032457 6 78 from content 828:834 arg1 group 846:850 the ML group 839:850 the ML group 839:850 Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. 27032457 8 79 theme g/d 1163:1165 arg1 g/d 1114:1116 0 g/d 1112:1116 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML) 1112:1196 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 5 80 theme P 740:740 arg1 effects 731:737 no effects 728:737 no effects (P ≥ 0·54) 728:748 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 5 80 theme P 740:740 arg1 ≥ 742:742 P ≥ 0·54 740:747 P ≥ 0·54 740:747 Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. 27032457 6 81 theme Milk 815:818 arg1 content 828:834 Milk protein content 815:834 Milk protein content in the ML group 815:850 Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. 27032457 10 82 theme P 1287:1287 arg1 0·05 1291:1294 P < 0·05 1287:1294 P < 0·05 1287:1294 Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). 27032457 8 83 theme Holstein 1031:1038 arg1 cows 1040:1043 30 multiparous Holstein cows 1016:1043 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) 1016:1053 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 83 theme Holstein 1031:1038 arg1 DIM 1050:1052 100 DIM 1046:1052 100 DIM 1046:1052 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 84 theme RPM 1170:1172 arg1 g/d 1163:1165 50 g/d 1160:1165 50 g/d of RPM 1160:1172 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 84 theme RPM 1170:1172 arg1 C 1134:1134 C 1134:1134 C 1134:1134 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 84 theme RPM 1170:1172 arg1 M 1153:1153 M 1153:1153 M 1153:1153 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 84 theme RPM 1170:1172 arg1 RPM 1121:1123 RPM 1121:1123 RPM 1121:1123 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 84 theme RPM 1170:1172 arg1 RPL 1129:1131 RPL 1129:1131 RPL 1129:1131 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 8 84 theme RPM 1170:1172 arg1 g/d 1141:1143 50 g/d 1138:1143 50 g/d of RPM (M) 1138:1154 In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). 27032457 1 85 theme Met 222:224 arg1 effects 195:201 the effects 191:201 the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows 191:321 Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. 27032457 0 86 dep methionine 16:25 arg1 effects 39:45 effects 39:45 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 0:149 Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status. 27032457 7 87 theme Plasma 900:905 arg1 levels 907:912 Plasma levels 900:912 Plasma levels of all AA 900:922 Plasma levels of all AA were not significantly (P ≥ 0·09) affected by supplemental RPL and/or RPM. 27032457 12 88 theme milk 1497:1500 arg1 yield 1502:1506 milk yield 1497:1506 milk yield 1497:1506 Response in milk yield to RPM and RPL was affected by the MP status of cows which deserves further investigation. 26530456 8 0 theme name 1232:1235 arg1 sp 1256:1257 name Bacillus gobiensis sp 1232:1257 the name Bacillus gobiensis sp 1228:1257 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties indicated that strain FJAT-4402T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26530456 7 1 theme fatty 863:867 arg1 acids 869:873 The major cellular fatty acids 844:873 The major cellular fatty acids 844:873 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 1 theme fatty 863:867 arg1 anteiso-C15  880:891 anteiso-C15  880:891 anteiso-C15  880:891 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 10 2 theme 29500T = CGMCC 1316:1329 arg1 FJAT-4402T 1297:1306 FJAT-4402T 1297:1306 FJAT-4402T ( = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T) 1297:1339 The type strain is FJAT-4402T ( = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T). 26530456 10 2 theme 29500T = CGMCC 1316:1329 arg1 1.12902T 1331:1338  = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T 1309:1338  = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T 1309:1338 The type strain is FJAT-4402T ( = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T). 26530456 8 3 theme genotypic 1110:1118 arg1 properties 1120:1129 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1075:1129 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1075:1129 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties indicated that strain FJAT-4402T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26530456 6 4 theme meso-diaminopimelic 770:788 arg1 acid 790:793 meso-diaminopimelic acid 770:793 meso-diaminopimelic acid 770:793 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 6 4 theme meso-diaminopimelic 770:788 arg1 acid 718:721 The diagnostic diamino acid 695:721 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T 695:764 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 7 5 theme major 848:852 arg1 acids 869:873 The major cellular fatty acids 844:873 The major cellular fatty acids 844:873 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 5 theme major 848:852 arg1 anteiso-C15  880:891 anteiso-C15  880:891 anteiso-C15  880:891 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 6 theme 42.0 mol 1064:1071 arg1 % 1072:1072 42.0 mol% 1064:1072 42.0 mol% 1064:1072 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 6 theme 42.0 mol 1064:1071 arg1 content 1052:1058 the DNA G+C content 1040:1058 the DNA G+C content 1040:1058 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 6 7 theme isoprenoid 815:824 arg1 quinone 826:832 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 799:832 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 799:832 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 6 7 theme isoprenoid 815:824 arg1 MK-7 838:841 MK-7 838:841 MK-7 838:841 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 1 8 theme soil 45:48 arg1 sample 50:55 a soil sample 43:55 a soil sample 43:55 nov., isolated from a soil sample. 26530456 3 9 theme optimum 315:321 arg1 15-40 °C 305:312 15-40 °C 305:312 15-40 °C 305:312 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 3 9 theme optimum 315:321 arg1 30 °C 323:327 optimum 30 °C 315:327 optimum 30 °C 315:327 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 6 10 theme FJAT-4402T 755:764 arg1 peptidoglycan 730:742 the peptidoglycan 726:742 the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T 726:764 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 5 11 theme B. 669:670 arg1 isolate 660:666 the closest reference isolate 638:666 the closest reference isolate 638:666 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 5 11 theme B. 669:670 arg1 13T 690:692 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 669:692 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 669:692 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 4 12 theme licheniformis 557:569 arg1 13T 575:577 Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 548:577 Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 548:577 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 3 13 theme w/v 368:370 arg1 % 389:389 optimum 0 % 379:389 optimum 0 % 379:389 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 3 13 theme w/v 368:370 arg1 NaCl 373:376 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 361:376 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 361:390 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 5 14 theme % 613:613 arg1 relatedness 623:633 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness 608:633 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness 608:633 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 4 15 theme Phylogenetic 393:404 arg1 analyses 406:413 Phylogenetic analyses 393:413 Phylogenetic analyses 393:413 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 5 16 theme licheniformis 672:684 arg1 isolate 660:666 the closest reference isolate 638:666 the closest reference isolate 638:666 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 5 16 theme licheniformis 672:684 arg1 13T 690:692 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 669:692 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 669:692 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1  0 941:942  0 941:942  0 941:942 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1 % 988:988 8.4 % 984:988 8.4 % 984:988 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1  0 915:916  0 915:916  0 915:916 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1  0 963:964  0 963:964  0 963:964 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1 % 924:924 20.1 % 919:924 20.1 % 919:924 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1 % 1009:1009 6.2 % 1005:1009 6.2 % 1005:1009 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1  0 980:981  0 980:981  0 980:981 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1 % 950:950 14.3 % 945:950 14.3 % 945:950 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1  0 1025:1026  0 1025:1026  0 1025:1026 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1  0 1001:1002  0 1001:1002  0 1001:1002 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1 % 971:971 9.6 % 967:971 9.6 % 967:971 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1 iso-C14  1016:1023 iso-C14  1016:1023 iso-C14  1016:1023 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 17 dep  0 893:894 arg1 % 1033:1033 4.7 % 1029:1033 4.7 % 1029:1033 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 5 18 theme 33.3  608:612 arg1 % 613:613 % 613:613 % 613:613 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 0 19 theme gobiensis 9:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus gobiensis sp 0:20 Bacillus gobiensis sp. 0:21 Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26530456 8 20 theme gobiensis 1246:1254 arg1 sp 1256:1257 name Bacillus gobiensis sp 1232:1257 the name Bacillus gobiensis sp 1228:1257 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties indicated that strain FJAT-4402T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26530456 8 21 dep genus 1202:1206 arg1 Bacillus 1208:1215 the genus Bacillus 1198:1215 the genus Bacillus 1198:1215 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties indicated that strain FJAT-4402T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26530456 3 22 theme % 365:365 arg1 % 389:389 optimum 0 % 379:389 optimum 0 % 379:389 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 3 22 theme % 365:365 arg1 NaCl 373:376 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 361:376 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 361:390 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 0 23 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus gobiensis sp 0:20 Bacillus gobiensis sp. 0:21 Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26530456 6 24 theme predominant 803:813 arg1 quinone 826:832 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 799:832 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 799:832 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 6 24 theme predominant 803:813 arg1 MK-7 838:841 MK-7 838:841 MK-7 838:841 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 8 25 theme strain 1146:1151 arg1 FJAT-4402T 1153:1162 strain FJAT-4402T 1146:1162 strain FJAT-4402T 1146:1162 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties indicated that strain FJAT-4402T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26530456 4 26 theme Bacillus 548:555 arg1 13T 575:577 Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 548:577 Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 548:577 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 5 27 theme DSM 686:688 arg1 isolate 660:666 the closest reference isolate 638:666 the closest reference isolate 638:666 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 5 27 theme DSM 686:688 arg1 13T 690:692 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 669:692 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 669:692 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 8 28 theme chemotaxonomic 1091:1104 arg1 properties 1120:1129 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1075:1129 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1075:1129 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties indicated that strain FJAT-4402T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26530456 3 29 theme optimum 379:385 arg1 % 389:389 optimum 0 % 379:389 optimum 0 % 379:389 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 3 29 theme optimum 379:385 arg1 NaCl 373:376 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 361:376 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 361:390 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 4 30 theme isolate 462:468 arg1 FJAT-4402T 470:479 isolate FJAT-4402T 462:479 isolate FJAT-4402T 462:479 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 4 30 theme isolate 462:468 arg1 member 487:492 a member 485:492 a member of the genus Bacillus 485:514 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 6 31 theme peptidoglycan 730:742 arg1 acid 790:793 meso-diaminopimelic acid 770:793 meso-diaminopimelic acid 770:793 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 6 31 theme peptidoglycan 730:742 arg1 acid 718:721 The diagnostic diamino acid 695:721 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T 695:764 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 2 32 theme China 271:275 arg1 north-west 257:266 the north-west 253:266 the north-west of China 253:275 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 2 33 from Region 243:248 arg1 north-west 257:266 the north-west 253:266 the north-west of China 253:275 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 3 34 theme 0  387:388 arg1 % 389:389 optimum 0 % 379:389 optimum 0 % 379:389 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 3 34 theme 0  387:388 arg1 NaCl 373:376 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 361:376 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 361:390 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 5 35 theme closest 642:648 arg1 isolate 660:666 the closest reference isolate 638:666 the closest reference isolate 638:666 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 5 35 theme closest 642:648 arg1 13T 690:692 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 669:692 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 669:692 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 7 36 theme G+C 1048:1050 arg1 % 1072:1072 42.0 mol% 1064:1072 42.0 mol% 1064:1072 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 36 theme G+C 1048:1050 arg1 content 1052:1058 the DNA G+C content 1040:1058 the DNA G+C content 1040:1058 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 5 37 theme reference 650:658 arg1 isolate 660:666 the closest reference isolate 638:666 the closest reference isolate 638:666 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 5 37 theme reference 650:658 arg1 13T 690:692 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 669:692 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 669:692 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 4 38 theme rRNA 429:432 arg1 sequences 439:447 16S rRNA gene sequences 425:447 16S rRNA gene sequences 425:447 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 2 39 theme desert 209:214 arg1 soil 192:195 the weed rhizosphere soil 171:195 the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert 171:214 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 2 40 attach isolated 157:164 arg1 soil 192:195 the weed rhizosphere soil 171:195 the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert 171:214 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 2 40 attach isolated 157:164 arg2 bacterium 120:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 58:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 58:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 10 41 theme type 1282:1285 arg1 FJAT-4402T 1297:1306 FJAT-4402T 1297:1306 FJAT-4402T ( = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T) 1297:1339 The type strain is FJAT-4402T ( = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T). 26530456 10 41 theme type 1282:1285 arg1 strain 1287:1292 The type strain 1278:1292 The type strain 1278:1292 The type strain is FJAT-4402T ( = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T). 26530456 4 42 theme 16S 425:427 arg1 sequences 439:447 16S rRNA gene sequences 425:447 16S rRNA gene sequences 425:447 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 3 43 theme Isolate 278:284 arg1 FJAT-4402T 286:295 Isolate FJAT-4402T 278:295 Isolate FJAT-4402T 278:295 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 2 44 theme Gobi 204:207 arg1 desert 209:214 the Gobi desert 200:214 the Gobi desert 200:214 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 6 45 theme isolate 747:753 arg1 FJAT-4402T 755:764 isolate FJAT-4402T 747:764 isolate FJAT-4402T 747:764 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 2 46 theme Gram-stain-positive 60:78 arg1 bacterium 120:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 58:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 58:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 8 47 theme novel 1177:1181 arg1 species 1183:1189 a novel species 1175:1189 a novel species 1175:1189 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties indicated that strain FJAT-4402T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26530456 6 48 theme diamino 710:716 arg1 acid 790:793 meso-diaminopimelic acid 770:793 meso-diaminopimelic acid 770:793 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 6 48 theme diamino 710:716 arg1 acid 718:721 The diagnostic diamino acid 695:721 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T 695:764 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 7 49 theme DNA 1044:1046 arg1 % 1072:1072 42.0 mol% 1064:1072 42.0 mol% 1064:1072 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 49 theme DNA 1044:1046 arg1 content 1052:1058 the DNA G+C content 1040:1058 the DNA G+C content 1040:1058 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 4 50 theme gene 434:437 arg1 sequences 439:447 16S rRNA gene sequences 425:447 16S rRNA gene sequences 425:447 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 6 51 theme diagnostic 699:708 arg1 acid 790:793 meso-diaminopimelic acid 770:793 meso-diaminopimelic acid 770:793 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 6 51 theme diagnostic 699:708 arg1 acid 718:721 The diagnostic diamino acid 695:721 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T 695:764 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26530456 8 52 theme phenotypic 1079:1088 arg1 properties 1120:1129 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1075:1129 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1075:1129 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties indicated that strain FJAT-4402T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26530456 2 53 theme rhizosphere 180:190 arg1 soil 192:195 the weed rhizosphere soil 171:195 the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert 171:214 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 2 54 theme Autonomous 232:241 arg1 Region 243:248 the Xinjiang Autonomous Region 219:248 the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China 219:275 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 4 55 theme DSM 571:573 arg1 13T 575:577 Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 548:577 Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 548:577 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 5 56 theme DNA-DNA 615:621 arg1 relatedness 623:633 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness 608:633 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness 608:633 The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13T. 26530456 2 57 theme weed 175:178 arg1 soil 192:195 the weed rhizosphere soil 171:195 the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert 171:214 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 2 58 theme Xinjiang 223:230 arg1 Region 243:248 the Xinjiang Autonomous Region 219:248 the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China 219:275 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 10 59 theme  = DSM 1309:1314 arg1 FJAT-4402T 1297:1306 FJAT-4402T 1297:1306 FJAT-4402T ( = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T) 1297:1339 The type strain is FJAT-4402T ( = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T). 26530456 10 59 theme  = DSM 1309:1314 arg1 1.12902T 1331:1338  = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T 1309:1338  = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T 1309:1338 The type strain is FJAT-4402T ( = DSM 29500T = CGMCC 1.12902T). 26530456 4 60 theme Bacillus 507:514 arg1 FJAT-4402T 470:479 isolate FJAT-4402T 462:479 isolate FJAT-4402T 462:479 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 4 60 theme Bacillus 507:514 arg1 member 487:492 a member 485:492 a member of the genus Bacillus 485:514 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 2 61 dep Gram-stain-positive 60:78 arg1 aerobic 112:118 aerobic 112:118 aerobic 112:118 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 2 61 dep Gram-stain-positive 60:78 arg1 endospore-forming 93:109 endospore-forming 93:109 endospore-forming 93:109 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 2 61 dep Gram-stain-positive 60:78 arg1 rod-shaped 81:90 rod-shaped 81:90 rod-shaped 81:90 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated FJAT-4402T, was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. 26530456 4 62 dep related 537:543 arg1 % 585:585 96.2 % 580:585 96.2 % 580:585 Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (96.2 %). 26530456 7 63 theme cellular 854:861 arg1 acids 869:873 The major cellular fatty acids 844:873 The major cellular fatty acids 844:873 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 7 63 theme cellular 854:861 arg1 anteiso-C15  880:891 anteiso-C15  880:891 anteiso-C15  880:891 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %), C16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. 26530456 3 64 theme optimum 340:346 arg1 pH 5-10 331:337 pH 5-10 331:337 pH 5-10 331:337 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 3 64 theme optimum 340:346 arg1 pH 7 348:351 optimum pH 7 340:351 optimum pH 7 340:351 Isolate FJAT-4402T grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26530456 8 65 theme Bacillus 1237:1244 arg1 sp 1256:1257 name Bacillus gobiensis sp 1232:1257 the name Bacillus gobiensis sp 1228:1257 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties indicated that strain FJAT-4402T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gobiensis sp. 26398310 2 0 theme matrix 500:505 arg1 secretion 507:515 matrix secretion 500:515 matrix secretion 500:515 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 3 1 theme Human 518:522 arg1 MSC 547:549 MSC 547:549 MSC 547:549 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 3 1 theme Human 518:522 arg1 cell 541:544 Human mesenchymal stem cell 518:544 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM 518:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 1 2 from cultures 154:161 arg1 ECM 130:132 ECM 130:132 ECM 130:132 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 1 2 from cultures 154:161 arg1 matrices 120:127 Decellularized extracellular matrices 91:127 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures 91:161 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 2 3 theme volume 363:368 arg1 effects 370:376 excluded volume effects 354:376 excluded volume effects (EVE) 354:382 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 2 3 theme volume 363:368 arg1 EVE 379:381 EVE 379:381 EVE 379:381 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 6 4 with combination 1060:1070 arg1 stimulation 1087:1097 metabolic stimulation 1077:1097 metabolic stimulation of MSC 1077:1104 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 3 5 with supplementation 582:596 arg1 macromolecules 646:659 three different macromolecules 630:659 three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa) 630:688 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 4 6 theme non-crowded 793:803 arg1 cultures 809:816 crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures 781:816 crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures 781:816 Matrix secretion, ECM morphology and composition were compared for matrices obtained from crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures. 26398310 5 7 dep marrow 898:903 arg1 scaffolds 917:925 mimetic ECM scaffolds 905:925 the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds 877:925 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 6 8 theme in 1247:1248 arg1 microenvironments 1256:1272 in vitro microenvironments 1247:1272 in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion 1247:1300 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 2 9 theme occurring 321:329 arg1 molecules 331:339 synthetic or naturally occurring molecules 298:339 synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE) 298:382 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 3 10 theme -derived 551:558 arg1 ECM 560:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM 518:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM 518:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 6 11 theme HSPC 1287:1290 arg1 expansion 1292:1300 HSPC expansion 1287:1300 HSPC expansion 1287:1300 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 1 12 dep in 140:141 arg1 vitro 143:147 vitro 143:147 vitro 143:147 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 1 13 theme in 140:141 arg1 cultures 154:161 in vitro cell cultures 140:161 in vitro cell cultures 140:161 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 5 14 theme functional 848:857 arg1 niches 869:874 functional stem cell niches 848:874 functional stem cell niches 848:874 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 6 15 theme capable 1167:1173 arg1 ECM 1163:1165 tissue-specific, highly organized ECM 1129:1165 tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion 1129:1300 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 6 16 theme growth 1211:1216 arg1 factors 1218:1224 growth factors 1211:1224 growth factors 1211:1224 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 0 17 theme stroma 47:52 arg1 deposition 21:30 Extracellular matrix deposition 0:30 Extracellular matrix deposition of bone marrow stroma 0:52 Extracellular matrix deposition of bone marrow stroma enhanced by macromolecular crowding. 26398310 5 18 theme ECM 913:915 arg1 scaffolds 917:925 mimetic ECM scaffolds 905:925 the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds 877:925 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 0 19 theme marrow 40:45 arg1 stroma 47:52 bone marrow stroma 35:52 bone marrow stroma 35:52 Extracellular matrix deposition of bone marrow stroma enhanced by macromolecular crowding. 26398310 4 20 theme crowded 781:787 arg1 cultures 809:816 crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures 781:816 crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures 781:816 Matrix secretion, ECM morphology and composition were compared for matrices obtained from crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures. 26398310 6 21 dep tissue-specific 1129:1143 arg1 organized 1153:1161 organized 1153:1161 organized 1153:1161 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 0 22 theme matrix 14:19 arg1 deposition 21:30 Extracellular matrix deposition 0:30 Extracellular matrix deposition of bone marrow stroma 0:52 Extracellular matrix deposition of bone marrow stroma enhanced by macromolecular crowding. 26398310 3 23 theme cell 541:544 arg1 ECM 560:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM 518:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM 518:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 6 24 theme metabolic 1077:1085 arg1 stimulation 1087:1097 metabolic stimulation 1077:1097 metabolic stimulation of MSC 1077:1104 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 1 25 theme Decellularized 91:104 arg1 ECM 130:132 ECM 130:132 ECM 130:132 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 1 25 theme Decellularized 91:104 arg1 matrices 120:127 Decellularized extracellular matrices 91:127 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures 91:161 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 0 26 theme Extracellular 0:12 arg1 deposition 21:30 Extracellular matrix deposition 0:30 Extracellular matrix deposition of bone marrow stroma 0:52 Extracellular matrix deposition of bone marrow stroma enhanced by macromolecular crowding. 26398310 6 27 from MMC 1053:1055 arg1 combination 1060:1070 combination 1060:1070 combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC 1060:1104 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 1 28 theme extracellular 106:118 arg1 ECM 130:132 ECM 130:132 ECM 130:132 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 1 28 theme extracellular 106:118 arg1 matrices 120:127 Decellularized extracellular matrices 91:127 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures 91:161 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 1 29 theme vivo-like 179:187 arg1 scaffolds 196:204 vivo-like matrix scaffolds 179:204 vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions 179:241 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 5 30 dep generating 837:846 arg1 the 822:824 the 822:824 the 822:824 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 5 30 dep generating 837:846 arg1 context 826:832 context 826:832 context 826:832 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 5 31 theme mimetic 905:911 arg1 scaffolds 917:925 mimetic ECM scaffolds 905:925 the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds 877:925 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 3 32 theme standard 601:608 arg1 medium 618:623 standard culture medium 601:623 standard culture medium 601:623 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 2 33 theme valuable 418:425 arg1 options 427:433 valuable options 418:433 valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion 418:515 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 5 34 theme supportive 949:958 arg1 effect 960:965 their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro 943:1050 their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro 943:1050 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 3 35 theme various 664:670 arg1 size 672:675 various size 664:675 various size (10-500 kDa) 664:688 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 3 35 theme various 664:670 arg1 kDa 685:687 10-500 kDa 678:687 10-500 kDa 678:687 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 2 36 theme synthetic 298:306 arg1 molecules 331:339 synthetic or naturally occurring molecules 298:339 synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE) 298:382 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 4 37 theme Matrix 691:696 arg1 secretion 698:706 Matrix secretion 691:706 Matrix secretion 691:706 Matrix secretion, ECM morphology and composition were compared for matrices obtained from crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures. 26398310 2 38 theme cells 487:491 arg1 environment 472:482 the physiological environment 454:482 the physiological environment of cells 454:491 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 3 39 theme size 672:675 arg1 macromolecules 646:659 three different macromolecules 630:659 three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa) 630:688 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 2 40 theme Macromolecular 244:257 arg1 supplementation 279:293 the supplementation 275:293 the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE) 275:382 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 2 40 theme Macromolecular 244:257 arg1 MMC 269:271 MMC 269:271 MMC 269:271 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 2 40 theme Macromolecular 244:257 arg1 crowding 259:266 Macromolecular crowding 244:266 Macromolecular crowding (MMC) 244:272 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 5 41 theme MSC-derived 881:891 arg1 marrow 898:903 the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds 877:925 the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds 877:925 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 5 42 theme stem 859:862 arg1 niches 869:874 functional stem cell niches 848:874 functional stem cell niches 848:874 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 0 43 theme bone 35:38 arg1 stroma 47:52 bone marrow stroma 35:52 bone marrow stroma 35:52 Extracellular matrix deposition of bone marrow stroma enhanced by macromolecular crowding. 26398310 6 44 dep in 1247:1248 arg1 vitro 1250:1254 vitro 1250:1254 vitro 1250:1254 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 3 45 theme culture 610:616 arg1 medium 618:623 standard culture medium 601:623 standard culture medium 601:623 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 3 46 link -derived 551:558 arg1 ECM 560:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM 518:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM 518:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 5 47 theme bone 893:896 arg1 marrow 898:903 the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds 877:925 the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds 877:925 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 6 48 theme MSC 1102:1104 arg1 stimulation 1087:1097 metabolic stimulation 1077:1097 metabolic stimulation of MSC 1077:1104 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 2 49 theme excluded 354:361 arg1 effects 370:376 excluded volume effects 354:376 excluded volume effects (EVE) 354:382 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 2 49 theme excluded 354:361 arg1 EVE 379:381 EVE 379:381 EVE 379:381 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 2 50 theme physiological 458:470 arg1 environment 472:482 the physiological environment 454:482 the physiological environment of cells 454:491 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 5 51 link MSC-derived 881:891 arg1 marrow 898:903 the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds 877:925 the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds 877:925 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 3 52 theme mesenchymal 524:534 arg1 MSC 547:549 MSC 547:549 MSC 547:549 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 3 52 theme mesenchymal 524:534 arg1 cell 541:544 Human mesenchymal stem cell 518:544 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM 518:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 4 53 theme ECM 709:711 arg1 morphology 713:722 ECM morphology 709:722 ECM morphology 709:722 Matrix secretion, ECM morphology and composition were compared for matrices obtained from crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures. 26398310 5 54 theme hematopoietic 996:1008 arg1 HSPC 1037:1040 HSPC 1037:1040 HSPC 1037:1040 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 5 54 theme hematopoietic 996:1008 arg1 stem 1010:1013 human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells 990:1034 stem 1010:1013 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 4 55 theme MSC 805:807 arg1 cultures 809:816 crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures 781:816 crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures 781:816 Matrix secretion, ECM morphology and composition were compared for matrices obtained from crowded and non-crowded MSC cultures. 26398310 1 56 theme cell-ECM 221:228 arg1 interactions 230:241 cell-ECM interactions 221:241 cell-ECM interactions 221:241 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 5 57 theme human 990:994 arg1 HSPC 1037:1040 HSPC 1037:1040 HSPC 1037:1040 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 5 57 theme human 990:994 arg1 stem 1010:1013 human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells 990:1034 stem 1010:1013 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 3 58 theme different 636:644 arg1 macromolecules 646:659 three different macromolecules 630:659 three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa) 630:688 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 2 59 theme molecules 331:339 arg1 supplementation 279:293 the supplementation 275:293 the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE) 275:382 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 2 59 theme molecules 331:339 arg1 crowding 259:266 Macromolecular crowding 244:266 Macromolecular crowding (MMC) 244:272 Macromolecular crowding (MMC), the supplementation of synthetic or naturally occurring molecules resulting in excluded volume effects (EVE), has been demonstrated to provide valuable options for recapitulating the physiological environment of cells during matrix secretion. 26398310 0 60 theme macromolecular 66:79 arg1 crowding 81:88 macromolecular crowding 66:88 macromolecular crowding 66:88 Extracellular matrix deposition of bone marrow stroma enhanced by macromolecular crowding. 26398310 5 61 theme cell 864:867 arg1 niches 869:874 functional stem cell niches 848:874 functional stem cell niches 848:874 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 3 62 theme medium 618:623 arg1 supplementation 582:596 supplementation 582:596 supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa) 582:688 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 1 63 theme matrix 189:194 arg1 scaffolds 196:204 vivo-like matrix scaffolds 179:204 vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions 179:241 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26398310 3 64 theme stem 536:539 arg1 MSC 547:549 MSC 547:549 MSC 547:549 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 3 64 theme stem 536:539 arg1 cell 541:544 Human mesenchymal stem cell 518:544 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM 518:562 Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ECM was produced upon supplementation of standard culture medium with three different macromolecules of various size (10-500 kDa). 26398310 6 65 theme tissue-specific 1129:1143 arg1 ECM 1163:1165 tissue-specific, highly organized ECM 1129:1165 tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion 1129:1300 MMC in combination with metabolic stimulation of MSC was found to result in tissue-specific, highly organized ECM capable of retaining glycosaminoglycans and growth factors to effectively build in vitro microenvironments that support HSPC expansion. 26398310 5 66 theme progenitor 1019:1028 arg1 cells 1030:1034 human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells 990:1034 cells 1030:1034 In the context of generating functional stem cell niches, the MSC-derived bone marrow mimetic ECM scaffolds were tested for their supportive effect to maintain and expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in vitro. 26398310 1 67 theme cell 149:152 arg1 cultures 154:161 in vitro cell cultures 140:161 in vitro cell cultures 140:161 Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) from in vitro cell cultures can serve as in vivo-like matrix scaffolds for modulating cell-ECM interactions. 26303235 7 0 dep strains 783:789 arg1 C296001T 791:798 C296001T 791:798 C296001T 791:798 Using a PacBio RS II system, whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T were obtained. 26303235 7 0 dep strains 783:789 arg1 105296T 809:815 NBRC 105296T 804:815 NBRC 105296T 804:815 Using a PacBio RS II system, whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T were obtained. 26303235 7 0 dep strains 783:789 arg1 strains 783:789 strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T 783:815 strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T 783:815 Using a PacBio RS II system, whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T were obtained. 26303235 8 1 theme family 929:934 arg1 Dermacoccaceae 936:949 the family Dermacoccaceae 925:949 the family Dermacoccaceae 925:949 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined were similar to those of other members of the family Dermacoccaceae. 26303235 13 2 theme Chemotaxonomic 1496:1509 arg1 analyses 1511:1518 Chemotaxonomic analyses 1496:1518 Chemotaxonomic analyses 1496:1518 Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that C296001T had typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus, with the main differences occurring in phenotypic characteristics. 26303235 14 3 from species 1818:1824 arg1 Luteipulveratus 1839:1853 the genus Luteipulveratus 1829:1853 the genus Luteipulveratus 1829:1853 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 12 4 theme fatty 1379:1383 arg1  0 1405:1406  0 1405:1406  0 1405:1406 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 4 theme fatty 1379:1383 arg1 iso-C16  1396:1403 iso-C16  1396:1403 iso-C16  1396:1403 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 4 theme fatty 1379:1383 arg1 acids 1385:1389 The major fatty acids 1369:1389 The major fatty acids 1369:1389 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 5 theme major 1373:1377 arg1  0 1405:1406  0 1405:1406  0 1405:1406 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 5 theme major 1373:1377 arg1 iso-C16  1396:1403 iso-C16  1396:1403 iso-C16  1396:1403 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 5 theme major 1373:1377 arg1 acids 1385:1389 The major fatty acids 1369:1389 The major fatty acids 1369:1389 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 2 6 theme strain 138:143 arg1 position 107:114 The taxonomic position 93:114 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, 93:214 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, was established using a polyphasic approach. 26303235 2 7 theme polyphasic 240:249 arg1 approach 251:258 a polyphasic approach 238:258 a polyphasic approach 238:258 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, was established using a polyphasic approach. 26303235 12 8 dep iso-C16  1396:1403 arg1  0 1405:1406  0 1405:1406  0 1405:1406 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 8 dep iso-C16  1396:1403 arg1 iso-C16  1396:1403 iso-C16  1396:1403 iso-C16  1396:1403 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 8 dep iso-C16  1396:1403 arg1 acids 1385:1389 The major fatty acids 1369:1389 The major fatty acids 1369:1389 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 14 9 from representative 1792:1805 arg1 Luteipulveratus 1839:1853 the genus Luteipulveratus 1829:1853 the genus Luteipulveratus 1829:1853 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 14 10 theme novel 1812:1816 arg1 species 1818:1824 a novel species 1810:1824 a novel species 1810:1824 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 11 11 theme lesser 1329:1334 arg1 ribose 1347:1352 ribose 1347:1352 ribose 1347:1352 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 11 theme lesser 1329:1334 arg1 amounts 1336:1342 lesser amounts 1329:1342 lesser amounts of ribose and galactose 1329:1366 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 11 theme lesser 1329:1334 arg1 galactose 1358:1366 galactose 1358:1366 galactose 1358:1366 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 14 12 dep evidence 1727:1734 arg1 the 1680:1682 the 1680:1682 the 1680:1682 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 14 12 dep evidence 1727:1734 arg1 basis 1684:1688 basis 1684:1688 basis 1684:1688 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 12 13 theme 10-methyl 1477:1485 arg1 C17  1487:1490 10-methyl C17  1477:1490 10-methyl C17  1477:1490 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 14 dep  0 1405:1406 arg1  1ω9c 1454:1458  1ω9c 1454:1458  1ω9c 1454:1458 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 14 dep  0 1405:1406 arg1 H 1438:1438  1 H 1435:1438  1 H 1435:1438 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 14 dep  0 1405:1406 arg1  0 1422:1423  0 1422:1423  0 1422:1423 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 14 dep  0 1405:1406 arg1 iso-C18  1461:1468 iso-C18  1461:1468 iso-C18  1461:1468 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 14 15 from Luteipulveratus 1839:1853 arg1 representative 1792:1805 a representative 1790:1805 a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp 1790:1905 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 14 15 from Luteipulveratus 1839:1853 arg1 C296001T 1764:1771 strain C296001T 1757:1771 strain C296001T 1757:1771 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 9 16 theme peptidoglycan 1065:1077 arg1 l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp 1088:1104 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp 1061:1104 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp 1061:1104 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 9 17 theme aspartic 1007:1014 arg1 acid 1016:1019 aspartic acid 1007:1019 aspartic acid 1007:1019 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 4 18 theme strain 512:517 arg1 C296001T 519:526 strain C296001T 512:526 strain C296001T 512:526 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis was 98.7 %. 26303235 13 19 theme main 1619:1622 arg1 differences 1624:1634 the main differences 1615:1634 the main differences occurring in phenotypic characteristics 1615:1674 Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that C296001T had typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus, with the main differences occurring in phenotypic characteristics. 26303235 3 20 theme genus 327:331 arg1 Luteipulveratus 333:347 the genus Luteipulveratus 323:347 the genus Luteipulveratus 323:347 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 4 21 theme 16S 470:472 arg1 % 557:557 98.7 % 552:557 98.7 % 552:557 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis was 98.7 %. 26303235 4 21 theme 16S 470:472 arg1 similarity 493:502 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:502 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis 466:546 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis was 98.7 %. 26303235 6 22 theme strain 696:701 arg1 C296001T 703:710 strain C296001T 696:710 strain C296001T 696:710 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T was 71.7 mol%. 26303235 3 23 theme Luteipulveratus 423:437 arg1 105296T 457:463 Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T 423:463 Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T 423:463 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 3 23 theme Luteipulveratus 423:437 arg1 clade 384:388 a distinct monophyletic clade 360:388 a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species 360:420 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 8 24 theme 4.5 Mbp 852:858 arg1 similar 888:894 similar 888:894 similar 888:894 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined were similar to those of other members of the family Dermacoccaceae. 26303235 8 24 theme 4.5 Mbp 852:858 arg1 sizes 843:847 The genome sizes 832:847 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined 832:881 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined were similar to those of other members of the family Dermacoccaceae. 26303235 3 25 theme monophyletic 371:382 arg1 105296T 457:463 Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T 423:463 Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T 423:463 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 3 25 theme monophyletic 371:382 arg1 clade 384:388 a distinct monophyletic clade 360:388 a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species 360:420 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 4 26 theme gene 479:482 arg1 % 557:557 98.7 % 552:557 98.7 % 552:557 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis was 98.7 %. 26303235 4 26 theme gene 479:482 arg1 similarity 493:502 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:502 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis 466:546 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis was 98.7 %. 26303235 13 27 theme Luteipulveratus 1593:1607 arg1 members 1572:1578 members 1572:1578 members of the genus Luteipulveratus 1572:1607 Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that C296001T had typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus, with the main differences occurring in phenotypic characteristics. 26303235 10 28 theme major 1111:1115 arg1 MK-8 1135:1138 MK-8 1135:1138 MK-8 1135:1138 The major menaquinones were MK-8(H4), MK-8 and MK-8(H2). 26303235 10 28 theme major 1111:1115 arg1 menaquinones 1117:1128 The major menaquinones 1107:1128 The major menaquinones 1107:1128 The major menaquinones were MK-8(H4), MK-8 and MK-8(H2). 26303235 8 29 theme 5.4 Mbp 864:870 arg1 similar 888:894 similar 888:894 similar 888:894 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined were similar to those of other members of the family Dermacoccaceae. 26303235 8 29 theme 5.4 Mbp 864:870 arg1 sizes 843:847 The genome sizes 832:847 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined 832:881 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined were similar to those of other members of the family Dermacoccaceae. 26303235 6 30 theme DNA 677:679 arg1 % 724:724 71.7 mol% 716:724 71.7 mol% 716:724 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T was 71.7 mol%. 26303235 6 30 theme DNA 677:679 arg1 content 685:691 The DNA G+C content 673:691 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T 673:710 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T was 71.7 mol%. 26303235 7 31 theme genome 762:767 arg1 sequences 769:777 whole genome sequences 756:777 whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T 756:815 Using a PacBio RS II system, whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T were obtained. 26303235 13 32 contain had 1541:1543 arg1 C296001T 1532:1539 C296001T 1532:1539 C296001T 1532:1539 Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that C296001T had typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus, with the main differences occurring in phenotypic characteristics. 26303235 13 32 contain had 1541:1543 arg2 characteristics 1553:1567 typical characteristics 1545:1567 typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus 1545:1607 Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that C296001T had typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus, with the main differences occurring in phenotypic characteristics. 26303235 13 33 theme members 1572:1578 arg1 characteristics 1553:1567 typical characteristics 1545:1567 typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus 1545:1607 Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that C296001T had typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus, with the main differences occurring in phenotypic characteristics. 26303235 12 34 dep  1ω9c 1454:1458 arg1  0 1492:1493  0 1492:1493  0 1492:1493 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 34 dep  1ω9c 1454:1458 arg1  0 1470:1471  0 1470:1471  0 1470:1471 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 12 34 dep  1ω9c 1454:1458 arg1 C17  1487:1490 10-methyl C17  1477:1490 10-methyl C17  1477:1490 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. 26303235 9 35 theme A4α 1084:1086 arg1 l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp 1088:1104 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp 1061:1104 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp 1061:1104 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 3 36 theme NBRC 452:455 arg1 105296T 457:463 Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T 423:463 Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T 423:463 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 3 36 theme NBRC 452:455 arg1 clade 384:388 a distinct monophyletic clade 360:388 a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species 360:420 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 14 37 theme name 1870:1873 arg1 sp 1904:1905 the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp 1866:1905 the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp 1866:1905 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 2 38 attach isolated 156:163 arg2 C296001T 146:153 C296001T 146:153 C296001T 146:153 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, was established using a polyphasic approach. 26303235 2 38 attach isolated 156:163 arg1 sample 177:182 a soil sample 170:182 a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, 170:214 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, was established using a polyphasic approach. 26303235 2 38 attach isolated 156:163 arg2 strain 138:143 an actinobacterium strain 119:143 an actinobacterium strain 119:143 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, was established using a polyphasic approach. 26303235 16 39 theme  = ATCC 1958:1964 arg1 C296001T 1948:1955 C296001T 1948:1955 C296001T ( = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T) 1948:1985 The type strain is C296001T ( = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T). 26303235 16 39 theme  = ATCC 1958:1964 arg1 30660T 1979:1984  = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T 1958:1984  = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T 1958:1984 The type strain is C296001T ( = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T). 26303235 7 40 theme II 745:746 arg1 system 748:753 a PacBio RS II system 733:753 a PacBio RS II system 733:753 Using a PacBio RS II system, whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T were obtained. 26303235 7 41 theme PacBio 735:740 arg1 system 748:753 a PacBio RS II system 733:753 a PacBio RS II system 733:753 Using a PacBio RS II system, whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T were obtained. 26303235 9 42 contain contained 980:988 arg2 lysine 990:995 lysine 990:995 lysine 990:995 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 9 42 contain contained 980:988 arg2 acid 1016:1019 aspartic acid 1007:1019 aspartic acid 1007:1019 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 9 42 contain contained 980:988 arg2 acid 1031:1034 glutamic acid 1022:1034 glutamic acid 1022:1034 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 9 42 contain contained 980:988 arg1 peptidoglycan 966:978 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 952:978 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 952:978 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 9 42 contain contained 980:988 arg2 alanine 998:1004 alanine 998:1004 alanine 998:1004 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 9 42 contain contained 980:988 arg2 serine 1040:1045 serine 1040:1045 serine 1040:1045 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 11 43 theme ribose 1347:1352 arg1 ribose 1347:1352 ribose 1347:1352 ribose 1347:1352 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 43 theme ribose 1347:1352 arg1 fucose 1318:1323 fucose 1318:1323 fucose 1318:1323 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 43 theme ribose 1347:1352 arg1 galactose 1358:1366 galactose 1358:1366 galactose 1358:1366 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 43 theme ribose 1347:1352 arg1 sugars 1297:1302 the whole-cell sugars 1282:1302 the whole-cell sugars 1282:1302 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 43 theme ribose 1347:1352 arg1 amounts 1336:1342 lesser amounts 1329:1342 lesser amounts of ribose and galactose 1329:1366 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 43 theme ribose 1347:1352 arg1 glucose 1309:1315 glucose 1309:1315 glucose 1309:1315 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 2 44 theme soil 172:175 arg1 sample 177:182 a soil sample 170:182 a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, 170:214 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, was established using a polyphasic approach. 26303235 1 45 from soil 87:90 arg1 Dermacoccaceae 59:72 Dermacoccaceae 59:72 Dermacoccaceae 59:72 nov., an actinobacterium (Dermacoccaceae) from forest soil. 26303235 1 45 from soil 87:90 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., an actinobacterium (Dermacoccaceae) from forest soil. 26303235 1 45 from soil 87:90 arg1 actinobacterium 42:56 an actinobacterium 39:56 an actinobacterium (Dermacoccaceae) from forest soil 39:90 nov., an actinobacterium (Dermacoccaceae) from forest soil. 26303235 14 46 theme genus 1833:1837 arg1 Luteipulveratus 1839:1853 the genus Luteipulveratus 1829:1853 the genus Luteipulveratus 1829:1853 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 7 47 theme whole 756:760 arg1 sequences 769:777 whole genome sequences 756:777 whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T 756:815 Using a PacBio RS II system, whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T were obtained. 26303235 8 48 theme Dermacoccaceae 936:949 arg1 members 914:920 other members 908:920 other members of the family Dermacoccaceae 908:949 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined were similar to those of other members of the family Dermacoccaceae. 26303235 5 49 dep hybridization 568:580 arg1 results 582:588 results 582:588 results 582:588 DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that the relatedness of strain C296001T to L. mongoliensis was only 21.5 %. 26303235 2 50 theme taxonomic 97:105 arg1 position 107:114 The taxonomic position 93:114 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, 93:214 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, was established using a polyphasic approach. 26303235 11 51 theme galactose 1358:1366 arg1 ribose 1347:1352 ribose 1347:1352 ribose 1347:1352 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 51 theme galactose 1358:1366 arg1 fucose 1318:1323 fucose 1318:1323 fucose 1318:1323 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 51 theme galactose 1358:1366 arg1 galactose 1358:1366 galactose 1358:1366 galactose 1358:1366 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 51 theme galactose 1358:1366 arg1 sugars 1297:1302 the whole-cell sugars 1282:1302 the whole-cell sugars 1282:1302 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 51 theme galactose 1358:1366 arg1 amounts 1336:1342 lesser amounts 1329:1342 lesser amounts of ribose and galactose 1329:1366 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 51 theme galactose 1358:1366 arg1 glucose 1309:1315 glucose 1309:1315 glucose 1309:1315 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 5 52 theme C296001T 628:635 arg1 relatedness 606:616 the relatedness 602:616 the relatedness of strain C296001T to L. mongoliensis 602:654 DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that the relatedness of strain C296001T to L. mongoliensis was only 21.5 %. 26303235 5 52 theme C296001T 628:635 arg1 % 670:670 only 21.5 % 660:670 only 21.5 % 660:670 DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that the relatedness of strain C296001T to L. mongoliensis was only 21.5 %. 26303235 2 53 theme actinobacterium 122:136 arg1 strain 138:143 an actinobacterium strain 119:143 an actinobacterium strain 119:143 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, was established using a polyphasic approach. 26303235 2 53 theme actinobacterium 122:136 arg1 C296001T 146:153 C296001T 146:153 C296001T 146:153 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium strain, C296001T, isolated from a soil sample collected in Sarawak, Malaysia, was established using a polyphasic approach. 26303235 14 54 theme species 1818:1824 arg1 representative 1792:1805 a representative 1790:1805 a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp 1790:1905 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 14 54 theme species 1818:1824 arg1 C296001T 1764:1771 strain C296001T 1757:1771 strain C296001T 1757:1771 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 11 55 theme whole-cell 1286:1295 arg1 glucose 1309:1315 glucose 1309:1315 glucose 1309:1315 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 55 theme whole-cell 1286:1295 arg1 sugars 1297:1302 the whole-cell sugars 1282:1302 the whole-cell sugars 1282:1302 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 3 56 with clade 384:388 arg1 species 414:420 the only described species 395:420 the only described species 395:420 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 7 57 theme NBRC 804:807 arg1 105296T 809:815 NBRC 105296T 804:815 NBRC 105296T 804:815 Using a PacBio RS II system, whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T were obtained. 26303235 7 57 theme NBRC 804:807 arg1 strains 783:789 strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T 783:815 strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T 783:815 Using a PacBio RS II system, whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T were obtained. 26303235 9 58 theme cell-wall 956:964 arg1 peptidoglycan 966:978 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 952:978 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 952:978 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 13 59 theme phenotypic 1649:1658 arg1 characteristics 1660:1674 phenotypic characteristics 1649:1674 phenotypic characteristics 1649:1674 Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that C296001T had typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus, with the main differences occurring in phenotypic characteristics. 26303235 5 60 theme DNA-DNA 560:566 arg1 hybridization 568:580 DNA-DNA hybridization results 560:588 DNA-DNA hybridization results 560:588 DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that the relatedness of strain C296001T to L. mongoliensis was only 21.5 %. 26303235 3 61 theme strain 279:284 arg1 C296001T 286:293 strain C296001T 279:293 strain C296001T 279:293 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 14 62 dep Luteipulveratus 1875:1889 arg1 halotolerans 1891:1902 halotolerans 1891:1902 halotolerans 1891:1902 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 14 63 theme strain 1757:1762 arg1 representative 1792:1805 a representative 1790:1805 a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp 1790:1905 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 14 63 theme strain 1757:1762 arg1 C296001T 1764:1771 strain C296001T 1757:1771 strain C296001T 1757:1771 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 13 64 theme typical 1545:1551 arg1 characteristics 1553:1567 typical characteristics 1545:1567 typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus 1545:1607 Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that C296001T had typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus, with the main differences occurring in phenotypic characteristics. 26303235 11 65 theme polar 1262:1266 arg1 Phosphatidylglycerol 1164:1183 Phosphatidylglycerol 1164:1183 Phosphatidylglycerol 1164:1183 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 65 theme polar 1262:1266 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1235:1251 phosphoglycolipid 1235:1251 phosphoglycolipid 1235:1251 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 65 theme polar 1262:1266 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1208:1229 diphosphatidylglycerol 1208:1229 diphosphatidylglycerol 1208:1229 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 65 theme polar 1262:1266 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 1186:1205 phosphatidylinositol 1186:1205 phosphatidylinositol 1186:1205 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 11 65 theme polar 1262:1266 arg1 lipids 1268:1273 the polar lipids 1258:1273 the polar lipids 1258:1273 Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid were the polar lipids, while the whole-cell sugars were glucose, fucose and lesser amounts of ribose and galactose. 26303235 9 66 theme glutamic 1022:1029 arg1 acid 1031:1034 glutamic acid 1022:1034 glutamic acid 1022:1034 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 4 67 theme rRNA 474:477 arg1 % 557:557 98.7 % 552:557 98.7 % 552:557 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis was 98.7 %. 26303235 4 67 theme rRNA 474:477 arg1 similarity 493:502 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:502 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis 466:546 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis was 98.7 %. 26303235 6 68 theme C296001T 703:710 arg1 % 724:724 71.7 mol% 716:724 71.7 mol% 716:724 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T was 71.7 mol%. 26303235 6 68 theme C296001T 703:710 arg1 content 685:691 The DNA G+C content 673:691 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T 673:710 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T was 71.7 mol%. 26303235 5 69 theme strain 621:626 arg1 C296001T 628:635 strain C296001T 621:635 strain C296001T 621:635 DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that the relatedness of strain C296001T to L. mongoliensis was only 21.5 %. 26303235 8 70 theme genome 836:841 arg1 similar 888:894 similar 888:894 similar 888:894 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined were similar to those of other members of the family Dermacoccaceae. 26303235 8 70 theme genome 836:841 arg1 sizes 843:847 The genome sizes 832:847 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined 832:881 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined were similar to those of other members of the family Dermacoccaceae. 26303235 4 71 theme sequence 484:491 arg1 % 557:557 98.7 % 552:557 98.7 % 552:557 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis was 98.7 %. 26303235 4 71 theme sequence 484:491 arg1 similarity 493:502 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 466:502 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis 466:546 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain C296001T and L. mongoliensis was 98.7 %. 26303235 13 72 theme genus 1587:1591 arg1 Luteipulveratus 1593:1607 the genus Luteipulveratus 1583:1607 the genus Luteipulveratus 1583:1607 Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that C296001T had typical characteristics of members of the genus Luteipulveratus, with the main differences occurring in phenotypic characteristics. 26303235 3 73 theme mongoliensis 439:450 arg1 105296T 457:463 Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T 423:463 Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T 423:463 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 3 73 theme mongoliensis 439:450 arg1 clade 384:388 a distinct monophyletic clade 360:388 a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species 360:420 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 1 74 theme forest 80:85 arg1 soil 87:90 forest soil 80:90 forest soil 80:90 nov., an actinobacterium (Dermacoccaceae) from forest soil. 26303235 6 75 theme G+C 681:683 arg1 % 724:724 71.7 mol% 716:724 71.7 mol% 716:724 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T was 71.7 mol%. 26303235 6 75 theme G+C 681:683 arg1 content 685:691 The DNA G+C content 673:691 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T 673:710 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T was 71.7 mol%. 26303235 3 76 theme distinct 362:369 arg1 105296T 457:463 Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T 423:463 Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T 423:463 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 3 76 theme distinct 362:369 arg1 clade 384:388 a distinct monophyletic clade 360:388 a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species 360:420 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 16 77 theme type 1933:1936 arg1 C296001T 1948:1955 C296001T 1948:1955 C296001T ( = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T) 1948:1985 The type strain is C296001T ( = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T). 26303235 16 77 theme type 1933:1936 arg1 strain 1938:1943 The type strain 1929:1943 The type strain 1929:1943 The type strain is C296001T ( = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T). 26303235 9 78 theme type 1079:1082 arg1 l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp 1088:1104 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp 1061:1104 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp 1061:1104 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine, representing the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp. 26303235 14 79 theme chemotaxonomic 1712:1725 arg1 evidence 1727:1734 the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence 1693:1734 the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence 1693:1734 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 14 80 theme Luteipulveratus 1875:1889 arg1 sp 1904:1905 the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp 1866:1905 the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp 1866:1905 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 3 81 theme described 404:412 arg1 species 414:420 the only described species 395:420 the only described species 395:420 Phylogenetically, strain C296001T was closely associated with the genus Luteipulveratus and formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the only described species, Luteipulveratus mongoliensis NBRC 105296T. 26303235 14 82 theme phenotypic 1697:1706 arg1 evidence 1727:1734 the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence 1693:1734 the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence 1693:1734 On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain C296001T be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Luteipulveratus, for which the name Luteipulveratus halotolerans sp. 26303235 16 83 theme TSD-4T = JCM 1966:1977 arg1 C296001T 1948:1955 C296001T 1948:1955 C296001T ( = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T) 1948:1985 The type strain is C296001T ( = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T). 26303235 16 83 theme TSD-4T = JCM 1966:1977 arg1 30660T 1979:1984  = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T 1958:1984  = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T 1958:1984 The type strain is C296001T ( = ATCC TSD-4T = JCM 30660T). 26303235 7 84 theme RS 742:743 arg1 system 748:753 a PacBio RS II system 733:753 a PacBio RS II system 733:753 Using a PacBio RS II system, whole genome sequences for strains C296001T and NBRC 105296T were obtained. 26303235 8 85 theme other 908:912 arg1 members 914:920 other members 908:920 other members of the family Dermacoccaceae 908:949 The genome sizes of 4.5 Mbp and 5.4 Mbp determined were similar to those of other members of the family Dermacoccaceae. 26303235 6 86 theme 71.7 mol 716:723 arg1 % 724:724 71.7 mol% 716:724 71.7 mol% 716:724 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T was 71.7 mol%. 26303235 6 86 theme 71.7 mol 716:723 arg1 content 685:691 The DNA G+C content 673:691 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T 673:710 The DNA G+C content of strain C296001T was 71.7 mol%. 26201873 2 0 theme % 493:493 arg1 pectin 495:500 10% pectin 491:500 10% pectin 491:500 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 9 1 theme adult 1316:1320 arg1 rats 1322:1325 adult rats 1316:1325 adult rats 1316:1325 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 1 2 theme leptin 281:286 arg1 actions 288:294 peripheral insulin and leptin actions 258:294 peripheral insulin and leptin actions 258:294 SCOPE This study investigates whether pectin supplementation in adult rats can ameliorate age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions. 26201873 2 3 theme 10 491:492 arg1 % 493:493 % 493:493 % 493:493 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 0 4 from supplementation 7:21 arg1 rats 26:29 rats 26:29 rats 26:29 Pectin supplementation in rats mitigates age-related impairment in insulin and leptin sensitivity independently of reducing food intake. 26201873 9 5 theme leptin 1394:1399 arg1 resistance 1401:1410 age-related insulin and leptin resistance 1370:1410 resistance 1401:1410 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 9 6 from decrease 1464:1471 arg1 intake 1483:1488 energy intake 1476:1488 energy intake 1476:1488 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 1 7 theme pectin 175:180 arg1 supplementation 182:196 pectin supplementation 175:196 pectin supplementation in adult rats 175:210 SCOPE This study investigates whether pectin supplementation in adult rats can ameliorate age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions. 26201873 4 8 theme adiponectin 736:746 arg1 levels 748:753 adiponectin levels 736:753 adiponectin levels 736:753 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 9 9 from supplementation 1285:1299 arg1 rats 1322:1325 adult rats 1316:1325 adult rats 1316:1325 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 4 10 from increase 724:731 arg1 levels 710:715 leptin levels 703:715 leptin levels 703:715 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 4 10 from increase 724:731 arg1 levels 748:753 adiponectin levels 736:753 adiponectin levels 736:753 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 1 11 dep SCOPE 137:141 arg1 investigates 154:165 investigates 154:165 investigates whether pectin supplementation in adult rats can ameliorate age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions 154:294 SCOPE This study investigates whether pectin supplementation in adult rats can ameliorate age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions. 26201873 2 12 theme Wistar 338:343 arg1 rats 345:348 Seven-month-old male Wistar rats 317:348 Seven-month-old male Wistar rats 317:348 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 2 13 dep rats 391:394 arg1 standard-diet 413:425 standard-diet 413:425 standard-diet 413:425 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 9 14 theme metabolic 1522:1530 arg1 health 1532:1537 better metabolic health 1515:1537 better metabolic health 1515:1537 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 2 15 dep control 382:388 arg1 rats 391:394 rats 391:394 rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet 391:425 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 2 16 theme Seven-month-old 317:331 arg1 rats 345:348 Seven-month-old male Wistar rats 317:348 Seven-month-old male Wistar rats 317:348 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 6 17 theme genes 1108:1112 arg1 levels 1054:1059 expression levels 1043:1059 expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver) 1043:1120 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 0 18 theme food 124:127 arg1 intake 129:134 food intake 124:134 food intake 124:134 Pectin supplementation in rats mitigates age-related impairment in insulin and leptin sensitivity independently of reducing food intake. 26201873 0 19 from impairment 53:62 arg1 leptin 79:84 leptin 79:84 leptin 79:84 Pectin supplementation in rats mitigates age-related impairment in insulin and leptin sensitivity independently of reducing food intake. 26201873 0 19 from impairment 53:62 arg1 insulin 67:73 insulin 67:73 insulin 67:73 Pectin supplementation in rats mitigates age-related impairment in insulin and leptin sensitivity independently of reducing food intake. 26201873 2 20 dep METHODS 297:303 arg1 divided 355:361 divided 355:361 were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group) 350:551 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 4 21 theme body 628:631 arg1 gain 640:643 lower body weight gain 622:643 lower body weight gain 622:643 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 5 22 theme dietary 857:863 arg1 intervention 865:876 dietary intervention 857:876 dietary intervention 857:876 Pectin-treated animals, but not pair-fed ones, showed lower body-fat content and HOMA-IR index after dietary intervention. 26201873 2 23 dep rats 437:440 arg1 standard-diet 459:471 a standard-diet 457:471 rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin 437:500 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 0 24 theme Pectin 0:5 arg1 supplementation 7:21 Pectin supplementation 0:21 Pectin supplementation in rats 0:29 Pectin supplementation in rats mitigates age-related impairment in insulin and leptin sensitivity independently of reducing food intake. 26201873 4 25 theme lower 622:626 arg1 gain 640:643 lower body weight gain 622:643 lower body weight gain 622:643 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 6 26 dep uptake 983:988 arg1 WAT 991:993 WAT 991:993 WAT 991:993 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 6 27 theme oxidation-related 1090:1106 arg1 liver 1115:1119 liver 1115:1119 liver 1115:1119 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 6 27 theme oxidation-related 1090:1106 arg1 genes 1108:1112 lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes 1064:1112 lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver) 1064:1120 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 1 28 theme adult 201:205 arg1 rats 207:210 adult rats 201:210 adult rats 201:210 SCOPE This study investigates whether pectin supplementation in adult rats can ameliorate age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions. 26201873 2 29 theme ad 446:447 arg1 libitum 449:455 ad libitum 446:455 ad libitum 446:455 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 9 30 theme CONCLUSION 1255:1264 arg1 percent 1270:1276 CONCLUSION Ten percent 1255:1276 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats 1255:1325 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 6 31 theme fatty-acid 1079:1088 arg1 liver 1115:1119 liver 1115:1119 liver 1115:1119 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 6 31 theme fatty-acid 1079:1088 arg1 genes 1108:1112 lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes 1064:1112 lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver) 1064:1120 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 6 32 theme genes 959:963 arg1 expression 945:954 the expression 941:954 the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver) 941:1120 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 2 33 theme ad 400:401 arg1 libitum 403:409 ad libitum 400:409 ad libitum 400:409 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 4 34 from decrease 691:698 arg1 levels 710:715 leptin levels 703:715 leptin levels 703:715 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 4 34 from decrease 691:698 arg1 levels 748:753 adiponectin levels 736:753 adiponectin levels 736:753 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 9 35 theme age-related 1370:1380 arg1 insulin 1382:1388 age-related insulin and leptin resistance 1370:1410 insulin 1382:1388 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 4 36 theme pair-fed 601:608 arg1 rats 610:613 Pectin and pair-fed rats 590:613 rats 610:613 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 6 37 dep lipogenesis 1000:1010 arg1 WAT 1013:1015 WAT 1013:1015 WAT and liver) 1013:1026 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 6 37 dep lipogenesis 1000:1010 arg1 increased 1033:1041 increased 1033:1041 increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver) 1033:1120 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 9 38 theme percent 1270:1276 arg1 supplementation 1285:1299 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation 1255:1299 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats 1255:1325 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 0 39 dep insulin 67:73 arg1 sensitivity 86:96 sensitivity 86:96 sensitivity 86:96 Pectin supplementation in rats mitigates age-related impairment in insulin and leptin sensitivity independently of reducing food intake. 26201873 5 40 theme HOMA-IR 837:843 arg1 index 845:849 HOMA-IR index 837:849 HOMA-IR index 837:849 Pectin-treated animals, but not pair-fed ones, showed lower body-fat content and HOMA-IR index after dietary intervention. 26201873 0 41 theme age-related 41:51 arg1 impairment 53:62 age-related impairment 41:62 age-related impairment in insulin and leptin sensitivity independently of reducing food intake 41:134 Pectin supplementation in rats mitigates age-related impairment in insulin and leptin sensitivity independently of reducing food intake. 26201873 9 42 theme pectin 1278:1283 arg1 supplementation 1285:1299 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation 1255:1299 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats 1255:1325 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 2 43 theme pair-fed 523:530 arg1 rats 518:521 rats 518:521 rats pair-fed to the pectin group 518:550 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 7 44 theme pair-fed 1169:1176 arg1 group 1178:1182 the pair-fed group 1165:1182 the pair-fed group 1165:1182 Some of the changes were not evidenced in the pair-fed group. 26201873 8 45 theme leptin 1237:1242 arg1 signaling 1244:1252 improved leptin signaling 1228:1252 improved leptin signaling 1228:1252 These effects appear to be associated with improved leptin signaling. 26201873 4 46 theme weight 633:638 arg1 gain 640:643 lower body weight gain 622:643 lower body weight gain 622:643 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 1 47 theme age-associated 227:240 arg1 disturbances 242:253 age-associated disturbances 227:253 age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions 227:294 SCOPE This study investigates whether pectin supplementation in adult rats can ameliorate age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions. 26201873 5 48 theme lower 810:814 arg1 content 825:831 lower body-fat content 810:831 lower body-fat content 810:831 Pectin-treated animals, but not pair-fed ones, showed lower body-fat content and HOMA-IR index after dietary intervention. 26201873 2 49 dep pair-fed 508:515 arg1 rats 518:521 rats 518:521 rats pair-fed to the pectin group 518:550 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 4 50 theme Pectin 590:595 arg1 rats 610:613 Pectin and pair-fed rats 590:613 rats 610:613 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 6 51 from decline 930:936 arg1 expression 945:954 the expression 941:954 the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver) 941:1120 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 6 52 theme pectin-treated 901:914 arg1 rats 916:919 pectin-treated rats 901:919 pectin-treated rats 901:919 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 1 53 from disturbances 242:253 arg1 actions 288:294 peripheral insulin and leptin actions 258:294 peripheral insulin and leptin actions 258:294 SCOPE This study investigates whether pectin supplementation in adult rats can ameliorate age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions. 26201873 5 54 theme Pectin-treated 756:769 arg1 animals 771:777 Pectin-treated animals 756:777 Pectin-treated animals 756:777 Pectin-treated animals, but not pair-fed ones, showed lower body-fat content and HOMA-IR index after dietary intervention. 26201873 9 55 theme energy 1476:1481 arg1 intake 1483:1488 energy intake 1476:1488 energy intake 1476:1488 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 2 56 dep pectin 429:434 arg1 rats 437:440 rats 437:440 rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin 437:500 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 9 57 theme body-fat 1337:1344 arg1 content 1346:1352 body-fat content 1337:1352 body-fat content 1337:1352 CONCLUSION Ten percent pectin supplementation for 1 month in adult rats decreases body-fat content and ameliorates age-related insulin and leptin resistance more intensely than what could be attributed to the decrease in energy intake, overall contributing to better metabolic health. 26201873 6 58 theme energy 976:981 arg1 uptake 983:988 energy uptake 976:988 energy uptake (WAT) 976:994 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 6 59 theme expression 1043:1052 arg1 levels 1054:1059 expression levels 1043:1059 expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver) 1043:1120 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 2 60 theme pectin 539:544 arg1 group 546:550 the pectin group 535:550 the pectin group 535:550 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 2 61 theme male 333:336 arg1 rats 345:348 Seven-month-old male Wistar rats 317:348 Seven-month-old male Wistar rats 317:348 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 4 62 theme leptin 703:708 arg1 levels 710:715 leptin levels 703:715 leptin levels 703:715 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 1 63 theme peripheral 258:267 arg1 actions 288:294 peripheral insulin and leptin actions 258:294 peripheral insulin and leptin actions 258:294 SCOPE This study investigates whether pectin supplementation in adult rats can ameliorate age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions. 26201873 5 64 theme pair-fed 788:795 arg1 ones 797:800 pair-fed ones 788:800 pair-fed ones 788:800 Pectin-treated animals, but not pair-fed ones, showed lower body-fat content and HOMA-IR index after dietary intervention. 26201873 4 65 theme food 649:652 arg1 intake 654:659 food intake 649:659 food intake 649:659 Pectin and pair-fed rats showed lower body weight gain and food intake than controls and underwent a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels. 26201873 5 66 theme body-fat 816:823 arg1 content 825:831 lower body-fat content 810:831 lower body-fat content 810:831 Pectin-treated animals, but not pair-fed ones, showed lower body-fat content and HOMA-IR index after dietary intervention. 26201873 1 67 theme insulin 269:275 arg1 actions 288:294 peripheral insulin and leptin actions 258:294 peripheral insulin and leptin actions 258:294 SCOPE This study investigates whether pectin supplementation in adult rats can ameliorate age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions. 26201873 6 68 theme lipolysis- 1064:1073 arg1 liver 1115:1119 liver 1115:1119 liver 1115:1119 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 6 68 theme lipolysis- 1064:1073 arg1 genes 1108:1112 lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes 1064:1112 lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver) 1064:1120 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 26201873 1 69 from supplementation 182:196 arg1 rats 207:210 adult rats 201:210 adult rats 201:210 SCOPE This study investigates whether pectin supplementation in adult rats can ameliorate age-associated disturbances in peripheral insulin and leptin actions. 26201873 8 70 theme improved 1228:1235 arg1 signaling 1244:1252 improved leptin signaling 1228:1252 improved leptin signaling 1228:1252 These effects appear to be associated with improved leptin signaling. 26201873 2 71 dep groups 374:379 arg1 groups 374:379 three groups 368:379 three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group) 368:551 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 2 71 dep groups 374:379 arg1 pair-fed 508:515 pair-fed 508:515 pair-fed 508:515 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 2 71 dep groups 374:379 arg1 pectin 429:434 pectin 429:434 pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin) 429:501 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 2 71 dep groups 374:379 arg1 control 382:388 control 382:388 control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet) 382:426 METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet), pectin (rats fed ad libitum a standard-diet supplemented with 10% pectin), and pair-fed (rats pair-fed to the pectin group). 26201873 6 72 theme related 965:971 arg1 genes 959:963 genes 959:963 genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver) 959:1120 Compared to controls, pectin-treated rats showed a decline in the expression of genes related to energy uptake (WAT) and lipogenesis (WAT and liver), and increased expression levels of lipolysis- and fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (liver). 25858244 8 0 theme G+C 822:824 arg1 % 863:863 38.7 mol% 855:863 38.7 mol% 855:863 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. 25858244 8 0 theme G+C 822:824 arg1 content 826:832 The DNA G+C content 814:832 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) 814:849 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. 25858244 3 1 theme uraniitolerans 439:452 arg1 DSM 454:456 Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429 421:462 Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%) 421:473 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 1 theme uraniitolerans 439:452 arg1 T 464:464 T 464:464 T 464:464 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 1 theme uraniitolerans 439:452 arg1 % 472:472 95.4% 468:472 95.4% 468:472 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 7 2 theme fatty 754:758 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 771:783 anteiso-C15:0 771:783 anteiso-C15:0 771:783 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and C18:1ω7c. 25858244 7 2 theme fatty 754:758 arg1 acids 760:764 The major fatty acids 744:764 The major fatty acids 744:764 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and C18:1ω7c. 25858244 2 3 dep Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 rod-shaped 116:125 rod-shaped 116:125 rod-shaped 116:125 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 2 3 dep Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 endospore-forming 97:113 endospore-forming 97:113 endospore-forming 97:113 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 2 3 dep Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 aerobic 88:94 aerobic 88:94 aerobic 88:94 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 8 4 theme mol 860:862 arg1 % 863:863 38.7 mol% 855:863 38.7 mol% 855:863 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. 25858244 8 4 theme mol 860:862 arg1 content 826:832 The DNA G+C content 814:832 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) 814:849 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. 25858244 8 5 theme strain 837:842 arg1 YN3 844:846 strain YN3 837:846 strain YN3(T) 837:849 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. 25858244 8 5 theme strain 837:842 arg1 T 848:848 T 848:848 T 848:848 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. 25858244 4 6 theme optimum 557:563 arg1 pH 565:566 optimum pH 5.0-6.0 557:574 optimum pH 5.0-6.0 557:574 Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). 25858244 4 6 theme optimum 557:563 arg1 pH 545:546 pH 4.0-8.0 545:554 pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0) 545:575 Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). 25858244 10 7 theme polyphasic 1094:1103 arg1 evidence 1105:1112 polyphasic evidence 1094:1112 polyphasic evidence from this study 1094:1128 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, Pullulanibacilluspueri sp. 25858244 9 8 theme chemotaxonomic 996:1009 arg1 characteristics 979:993 phenotypic characteristics 968:993 phenotypic characteristics 968:993 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 9 8 theme chemotaxonomic 996:1009 arg1 differences 1011:1021 chemotaxonomic differences 996:1021 chemotaxonomic differences 996:1021 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 9 9 theme phenotypic 968:977 arg1 characteristics 979:993 phenotypic characteristics 968:993 phenotypic characteristics 968:993 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 9 9 theme phenotypic 968:977 arg1 differences 1011:1021 chemotaxonomic differences 996:1021 chemotaxonomic differences 996:1021 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 9 9 theme phenotypic 968:977 arg1 analysis 1037:1044 phylogenetic analysis 1024:1044 phylogenetic analysis 1024:1044 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 9 9 theme phenotypic 968:977 arg1 hybridization 1058:1070 DNA-DNA hybridization 1050:1070 DNA-DNA hybridization 1050:1070 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 2 10 theme strain 137:142 arg1 T 148:148 T 148:148 T 148:148 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 2 10 theme strain 137:142 arg1 YN3 144:146 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3 59:146 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) 59:149 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 10 11 dep sp 1154:1155 arg1 evidence 1105:1112 polyphasic evidence 1094:1112 polyphasic evidence from this study 1094:1128 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, Pullulanibacilluspueri sp. 25858244 9 12 theme phylogenetic 1024:1035 arg1 characteristics 979:993 phenotypic characteristics 968:993 phenotypic characteristics 968:993 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 9 12 theme phylogenetic 1024:1035 arg1 analysis 1037:1044 phylogenetic analysis 1024:1044 phylogenetic analysis 1024:1044 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 10 13 theme Pullulanibacilluspueri 1131:1152 arg1 sp 1154:1155 Pullulanibacilluspueri sp 1131:1155 Pullulanibacilluspueri sp 1131:1155 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, Pullulanibacilluspueri sp. 25858244 4 14 theme strain 490:495 arg1 Growth 476:481 Growth 476:481 Growth of the strain 476:495 Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). 25858244 2 15 theme bacterial 127:135 arg1 T 148:148 T 148:148 T 148:148 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 2 15 theme bacterial 127:135 arg1 YN3 144:146 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3 59:146 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) 59:149 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 5 16 theme diagnostic 665:674 arg1 peptidoglycan 614:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 593:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 593:656 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 5 16 theme diagnostic 665:674 arg1 acid 684:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 1 17 theme er 51:52 arg1 tea 54:56 Pu'er tea 48:56 Pu'er tea 48:56 nov., isolated from Pu'er tea. 25858244 3 18 theme 95.8 376:379 arg1 % 380:380 % 380:380 % 380:380 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 5 19 theme cell-wall 595:603 arg1 acid 684:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 5 19 theme cell-wall 595:603 arg1 peptidoglycan 614:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 593:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 593:656 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 5 20 contain had 589:591 arg1 strain 582:587 The strain 578:587 The strain 578:587 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 5 20 contain had 589:591 arg2 peptidoglycan 614:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 593:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 593:656 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 5 20 contain had 589:591 arg2 acid 684:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 0 21 theme Pullulanibacillus 0:16 arg1 sp 24:25 Pullulanibacillus pueri sp 0:25 Pullulanibacillus pueri sp. 0:26 Pullulanibacillus pueri sp. 25858244 10 22 dep evidence 1105:1112 arg1 the 1081:1083 the 1081:1083 the 1081:1083 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, Pullulanibacilluspueri sp. 25858244 10 22 dep evidence 1105:1112 arg1 basis 1085:1089 basis 1085:1089 basis 1085:1089 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, Pullulanibacilluspueri sp. 25858244 3 23 theme % 380:380 arg1 similarity 405:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 23 theme % 380:380 arg1 DSM 362:364 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191 332:370 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 332:415 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 24 theme Pullulanibacillus 332:348 arg1 similarity 405:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 24 theme Pullulanibacillus 332:348 arg1 DSM 362:364 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191 332:370 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 332:415 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 24 theme Pullulanibacillus 332:348 arg1 T 372:372 T 372:372 T 372:372 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 9 25 theme DNA-DNA 1050:1056 arg1 characteristics 979:993 phenotypic characteristics 968:993 phenotypic characteristics 968:993 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 9 25 theme DNA-DNA 1050:1056 arg1 hybridization 1058:1070 DNA-DNA hybridization 1050:1070 DNA-DNA hybridization 1050:1070 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 11 26 theme JCM 1220:1222 arg1 30075 1224:1228  = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075 1197:1228  = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T) 1197:1231 nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain. 25858244 11 26 theme JCM 1220:1222 arg1 YN3 1189:1191 strain YN3 1182:1191 strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain 1182:1251 nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain. 25858244 11 26 theme JCM 1220:1222 arg1 T 1230:1230 T 1230:1230 T 1230:1230 nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain. 25858244 3 27 theme naganoensis 350:360 arg1 similarity 405:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 27 theme naganoensis 350:360 arg1 DSM 362:364 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191 332:370 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 332:415 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 27 theme naganoensis 350:360 arg1 T 372:372 T 372:372 T 372:372 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 28 theme Phylogenetic 188:199 arg1 analysis 201:208 Phylogenetic analysis 188:208 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 188:235 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 9 29 theme recognized 909:918 arg1 species 920:926 recognized species 909:926 recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 909:1075 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 2 30 attach isolated 155:162 arg2 YN3 144:146 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3 59:146 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) 59:149 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 2 30 attach isolated 155:162 arg1 tea 183:185 ripened Pu'er tea 169:185 ripened Pu'er tea 169:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 2 30 attach isolated 155:162 arg2 T 148:148 T 148:148 T 148:148 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 5 31 theme diamino 676:682 arg1 peptidoglycan 614:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 593:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 593:656 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 5 31 theme diamino 676:682 arg1 acid 684:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 3 32 theme gene 222:225 arg1 sequences 227:235 16S rRNA gene sequences 213:235 16S rRNA gene sequences 213:235 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 8 33 theme YN3 844:846 arg1 % 863:863 38.7 mol% 855:863 38.7 mol% 855:863 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. 25858244 8 33 theme YN3 844:846 arg1 content 826:832 The DNA G+C content 814:832 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) 814:849 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. 25858244 10 34 from study 1124:1128 arg1 evidence 1105:1112 polyphasic evidence 1094:1112 polyphasic evidence from this study 1094:1128 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, Pullulanibacilluspueri sp. 25858244 3 35 theme gene 391:394 arg1 similarity 405:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 35 theme gene 391:394 arg1 DSM 362:364 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191 332:370 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 332:415 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 36 theme sequences 227:235 arg1 analysis 201:208 Phylogenetic analysis 188:208 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 188:235 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 37 theme sequence 396:403 arg1 similarity 405:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 37 theme sequence 396:403 arg1 DSM 362:364 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191 332:370 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 332:415 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 5 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 633:651 arg1 acid 653:656 meso-diaminopimelic acid 633:656 meso-diaminopimelic acid 633:656 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 3 39 theme 16S 213:215 arg1 sequences 227:235 16S rRNA gene sequences 213:235 16S rRNA gene sequences 213:235 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 4 40 located observed 501:508 arg2 Growth 476:481 Growth 476:481 Growth of the strain 476:495 Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). 25858244 4 40 located observed 501:508 arg1 °C 519:520 20-50 °C 513:520 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) 513:539 Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). 25858244 4 40 located observed 501:508 arg1 pH 565:566 optimum pH 5.0-6.0 557:574 optimum pH 5.0-6.0 557:574 Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). 25858244 4 40 located observed 501:508 arg1 °C 537:538 optimum 30-37 °C 523:538 optimum 30-37 °C 523:538 Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). 25858244 4 40 located observed 501:508 arg1 pH 545:546 pH 4.0-8.0 545:554 pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0) 545:575 Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). 25858244 11 41 theme type 1241:1244 arg1 strain 1246:1251 the type strain 1237:1251 the type strain 1237:1251 nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain. 25858244 3 42 theme 16S 382:384 arg1 similarity 405:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 42 theme 16S 382:384 arg1 DSM 362:364 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191 332:370 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 332:415 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 2 43 theme Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 T 148:148 T 148:148 T 148:148 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 2 43 theme Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 YN3 144:146 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3 59:146 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) 59:149 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 3 44 theme rRNA 217:220 arg1 sequences 227:235 16S rRNA gene sequences 213:235 16S rRNA gene sequences 213:235 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 2 45 theme er 180:181 arg1 tea 183:185 ripened Pu'er tea 169:185 ripened Pu'er tea 169:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 9 46 theme genus 935:939 arg1 Pullulanibacillus 941:957 the genus Pullulanibacillus 931:957 the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 931:1075 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 3 47 theme rRNA 386:389 arg1 similarity 405:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 376:414 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 47 theme rRNA 386:389 arg1 DSM 362:364 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191 332:370 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 332:415 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 11 48 theme strain 1182:1187 arg1 30075 1224:1228  = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075 1197:1228  = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T) 1197:1231 nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain. 25858244 11 48 theme strain 1182:1187 arg1 YN3 1189:1191 strain YN3 1182:1191 strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain 1182:1251 nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain. 25858244 11 48 theme strain 1182:1187 arg1 T 1193:1193 T 1193:1193 T 1193:1193 nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain. 25858244 2 49 theme novel 61:65 arg1 T 148:148 T 148:148 T 148:148 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 2 49 theme novel 61:65 arg1 YN3 144:146 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3 59:146 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) 59:149 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 5 50 theme A1γ 610:612 arg1 acid 684:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 5 50 theme A1γ 610:612 arg1 peptidoglycan 614:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 593:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 593:656 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 9 51 theme Pullulanibacillus 941:957 arg1 species 920:926 recognized species 909:926 recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 909:1075 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 2 52 theme ripened 169:175 arg1 tea 183:185 ripened Pu'er tea 169:185 ripened Pu'er tea 169:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 2 53 theme Pu 177:178 arg1 tea 183:185 ripened Pu'er tea 169:185 ripened Pu'er tea 169:185 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 25858244 3 54 theme Pullulanibacillus 421:437 arg1 DSM 454:456 Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429 421:462 Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%) 421:473 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 54 theme Pullulanibacillus 421:437 arg1 T 464:464 T 464:464 T 464:464 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 3 54 theme Pullulanibacillus 421:437 arg1 % 472:472 95.4% 468:472 95.4% 468:472 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 5 55 with peptidoglycan 614:626 arg1 acid 653:656 meso-diaminopimelic acid 633:656 meso-diaminopimelic acid 633:656 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 9 56 dep analysis 1037:1044 arg1 data 1072:1075 data 1072:1075 data 1072:1075 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 6 57 theme predominant 694:704 arg1 menaquinone 706:716 The predominant menaquinone 690:716 The predominant menaquinone 690:716 The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 25858244 6 57 theme predominant 694:704 arg1 menaquinone-7 722:734 menaquinone-7 722:734 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 722:741 The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 25858244 8 58 theme DNA 818:820 arg1 % 863:863 38.7 mol% 855:863 38.7 mol% 855:863 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. 25858244 8 58 theme DNA 818:820 arg1 content 826:832 The DNA G+C content 814:832 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) 814:849 The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. 25858244 11 59 theme = 1218:1218 arg1 30075 1224:1228  = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075 1197:1228  = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T) 1197:1231 nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain. 25858244 11 59 theme = 1218:1218 arg1 YN3 1189:1191 strain YN3 1182:1191 strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain 1182:1251 nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain. 25858244 11 59 theme = 1218:1218 arg1 T 1230:1230 T 1230:1230 T 1230:1230 nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain. 25858244 5 60 theme type 605:608 arg1 acid 684:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 the diagnostic diamino acid 661:687 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 5 60 theme type 605:608 arg1 peptidoglycan 614:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 593:626 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 593:656 The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25858244 4 61 theme optimum 523:529 arg1 °C 537:538 optimum 30-37 °C 523:538 optimum 30-37 °C 523:538 Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). 25858244 4 61 theme optimum 523:529 arg1 °C 519:520 20-50 °C 513:520 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) 513:539 Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). 25858244 9 62 theme Strain 866:871 arg1 T 877:877 T 877:877 T 877:877 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 9 62 theme Strain 866:871 arg1 YN3 873:875 Strain YN3 866:875 Strain YN3(T) 866:878 Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 25858244 3 63 theme family 276:281 arg1 Sporolactobacillaceae 283:303 the family Sporolactobacillaceae 272:303 the family Sporolactobacillaceae 272:303 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). 25858244 0 64 theme pueri 18:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Pullulanibacillus pueri sp 0:25 Pullulanibacillus pueri sp. 0:26 Pullulanibacillus pueri sp. 25858244 7 65 theme major 748:752 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 771:783 anteiso-C15:0 771:783 anteiso-C15:0 771:783 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and C18:1ω7c. 25858244 7 65 theme major 748:752 arg1 acids 760:764 The major fatty acids 744:764 The major fatty acids 744:764 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and C18:1ω7c. 25251243 5 0 from accumulation 917:928 arg1 obesity 933:939 obesity 933:939 obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)) 933:981 We tested the hypothesis that SAA3 contributes to chronic systemic inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)). 25251243 13 1 theme acute 2178:2182 arg1 response 2190:2197 the acute phase response 2174:2197 the acute phase response than previously thought 2174:2221 These results also suggest that Saa3 influences liver-specific SAA1/2 expression, and that SAA3 could play a larger role in the acute phase response than previously thought. 25251243 9 2 theme reduced 1498:1504 arg1 SAA 1513:1515 reduced plasma SAA 1498:1515 reduced plasma SAA 1498:1515 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 12 3 theme macrophage 1924:1933 arg1 accumulation 1935:1946 macrophage accumulation 1924:1946 macrophage accumulation 1924:1946 Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific inflammation and macrophage accumulation are attenuated in female Saa3(-/-) mice, suggesting a novel sexually dimorphic role for this protein. 25251243 9 4 contain had 1435:1437 arg2 expression 1467:1476 Saa2 expression 1462:1476 Saa2 expression 1462:1476 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 9 4 contain had 1435:1437 arg2 Saa1 1453:1456 reduced liver Saa1 1439:1456 reduced liver Saa1 1439:1456 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 9 4 contain had 1435:1437 arg1 mice 1430:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1399:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1399:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 0 5 from hyperlipidemia 105:118 arg1 mice 130:133 female mice 123:133 female mice 123:133 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 11 6 theme Saa3 1744:1747 arg1 absence 1733:1739 the absence 1729:1739 the absence of Saa3 1729:1747 Taken together, these results suggest that the absence of Saa3 attenuates liver-specific SAA (i.e., SAA1/2) secretion into plasma and blunts weight gain induced by an obesogenic diet. 25251243 7 7 theme resting 1258:1264 arg1 metabolism 1266:1275 resting metabolism 1258:1275 resting metabolism 1258:1275 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 12 8 theme adipose 1883:1889 arg1 inflammation 1907:1918 adipose tissue-specific inflammation 1883:1918 adipose tissue-specific inflammation 1883:1918 Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific inflammation and macrophage accumulation are attenuated in female Saa3(-/-) mice, suggesting a novel sexually dimorphic role for this protein. 25251243 5 9 theme adipose 891:897 arg1 accumulation 917:928 adipose tissue macrophage accumulation 891:928 adipose tissue macrophage accumulation 891:928 We tested the hypothesis that SAA3 contributes to chronic systemic inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)). 25251243 3 10 theme tissue-specific 680:694 arg1 effects 700:706 tissue-specific SAA effects 680:706 tissue-specific SAA effects 680:706 Humans do not express functional SAA3 protein, but instead express SAA1 and SAA2 in hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues, making it difficult to distinguish between liver and adipose tissue-specific SAA effects. 25251243 3 11 theme functional 516:525 arg1 protein 532:538 functional SAA3 protein 516:538 functional SAA3 protein 516:538 Humans do not express functional SAA3 protein, but instead express SAA1 and SAA2 in hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues, making it difficult to distinguish between liver and adipose tissue-specific SAA effects. 25251243 10 12 theme triglycerides 1606:1618 arg1 profiles 1637:1644 improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles 1577:1644 improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles 1577:1644 Additionally, female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, showed improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles, with no changes in glucose metabolism. 25251243 1 13 theme inflammatory 189:200 arg1 stimuli 202:208 acute inflammatory stimuli 183:208 acute inflammatory stimuli 183:208 Serum amyloid A (SAA) increases in response to acute inflammatory stimuli and is modestly and chronically elevated in obesity. 25251243 6 14 with diet 1062:1065 arg1 HFHSC 1091:1095 HFHSC 1091:1095 HFHSC 1091:1095 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 6 14 with diet 1062:1065 arg1 cholesterol 1078:1088 added cholesterol 1072:1088 added cholesterol (HFHSC) 1072:1096 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 10 15 theme cholesterol 1593:1603 arg1 profiles 1637:1644 improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles 1577:1644 improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles 1577:1644 Additionally, female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, showed improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles, with no changes in glucose metabolism. 25251243 5 16 theme chronic 857:863 arg1 inflammation 874:885 chronic systemic inflammation 857:885 chronic systemic inflammation 857:885 We tested the hypothesis that SAA3 contributes to chronic systemic inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)). 25251243 11 17 theme obesogenic 1853:1862 arg1 diet 1864:1867 an obesogenic diet 1850:1867 an obesogenic diet 1850:1867 Taken together, these results suggest that the absence of Saa3 attenuates liver-specific SAA (i.e., SAA1/2) secretion into plasma and blunts weight gain induced by an obesogenic diet. 25251243 2 18 theme adipose 457:463 arg1 expansion 472:480 adipose tissue expansion 457:480 adipose tissue expansion in obesity 457:491 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 25251243 13 19 dep response 2190:2197 arg1 thought 2215:2221 thought 2215:2221 thought 2215:2221 These results also suggest that Saa3 influences liver-specific SAA1/2 expression, and that SAA3 could play a larger role in the acute phase response than previously thought. 25251243 0 20 theme high 47:50 arg1 tissue 81:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue 38:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 38:99 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 1 21 theme amyloid 142:148 arg1 SAA 153:155 SAA 153:155 SAA 153:155 Serum amyloid A (SAA) increases in response to acute inflammatory stimuli and is modestly and chronically elevated in obesity. 25251243 1 21 theme amyloid 142:148 arg1 A 150:150 Serum amyloid A 136:150 Serum amyloid A (SAA) 136:156 Serum amyloid A (SAA) increases in response to acute inflammatory stimuli and is modestly and chronically elevated in obesity. 25251243 8 22 theme HFHSC 1328:1332 arg1 inflammation 1362:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 0 23 theme diet-induced 60:71 arg1 tissue 81:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue 38:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 38:99 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 0 24 from inflammation 88:99 arg1 mice 130:133 female mice 123:133 female mice 123:133 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 8 25 theme adipose 1347:1353 arg1 inflammation 1362:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 12 26 theme dimorphic 2017:2025 arg1 role 2027:2030 a novel sexually dimorphic role 2000:2030 a novel sexually dimorphic role for this protein 2000:2047 Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific inflammation and macrophage accumulation are attenuated in female Saa3(-/-) mice, suggesting a novel sexually dimorphic role for this protein. 25251243 9 27 theme -/- 1425:1427 arg1 mice 1430:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1399:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1399:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 0 28 theme tissue 81:86 arg1 inflammation 88:99 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 38:99 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 38:99 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 7 29 theme male 1104:1107 arg1 mice 1130:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1099:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1099:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 8 30 theme macrophage 1379:1388 arg1 content 1390:1396 macrophage content 1379:1396 macrophage content 1379:1396 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 7 31 theme -/- 1125:1127 arg1 mice 1130:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1099:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1099:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 2 32 theme obese 336:340 arg1 mice 342:345 obese mice 336:345 obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity 336:491 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 25251243 9 33 theme Saa3 1420:1423 arg1 mice 1430:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1399:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1399:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 11 34 theme SAA 1775:1777 arg1 secretion 1794:1802 liver-specific SAA (i.e., SAA1/2) secretion 1760:1802 liver-specific SAA (i.e., SAA1/2) secretion into plasma 1760:1814 Taken together, these results suggest that the absence of Saa3 attenuates liver-specific SAA (i.e., SAA1/2) secretion into plasma and blunts weight gain induced by an obesogenic diet. 25251243 12 35 theme novel 2002:2006 arg1 role 2027:2030 a novel sexually dimorphic role 2000:2030 a novel sexually dimorphic role for this protein 2000:2047 Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific inflammation and macrophage accumulation are attenuated in female Saa3(-/-) mice, suggesting a novel sexually dimorphic role for this protein. 25251243 0 36 theme serum 12:16 arg1 A3 26:27 serum amyloid A3 12:27 serum amyloid A3 12:27 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 5 37 theme macrophage 906:915 arg1 accumulation 917:928 adipose tissue macrophage accumulation 891:928 adipose tissue macrophage accumulation 891:928 We tested the hypothesis that SAA3 contributes to chronic systemic inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)). 25251243 12 38 theme -/- 1978:1980 arg1 mice 1983:1986 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1966:1986 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1966:1986 Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific inflammation and macrophage accumulation are attenuated in female Saa3(-/-) mice, suggesting a novel sexually dimorphic role for this protein. 25251243 0 39 theme A3 26:27 arg1 Deletion 0:7 Deletion 0:7 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 0:27 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 8 40 theme Female 1278:1283 arg1 mice 1295:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice 1278:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice 1278:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 10 41 theme Saa3 1539:1542 arg1 mice 1549:1552 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1532:1552 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1532:1552 Additionally, female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, showed improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles, with no changes in glucose metabolism. 25251243 0 42 theme high 38:41 arg1 tissue 81:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue 38:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 38:99 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 9 43 theme reduced 1439:1445 arg1 Saa1 1453:1456 reduced liver Saa1 1439:1456 reduced liver Saa1 1439:1456 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 6 44 theme high 1049:1052 arg1 diet 1062:1065 high sucrose diet 1049:1065 high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC) 1049:1096 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 6 44 theme high 1049:1052 arg1 fat 1044:1046 a pro-inflammatory high fat 1020:1046 a pro-inflammatory high fat 1020:1046 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 8 45 contain had 1316:1318 arg2 content 1390:1396 macrophage content 1379:1396 macrophage content 1379:1396 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 8 45 contain had 1316:1318 arg1 mice 1295:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice 1278:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice 1278:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 8 45 contain had 1316:1318 arg2 inflammation 1362:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 8 45 contain had 1316:1318 arg1 males 1309:1313 males 1309:1313 males 1309:1313 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 11 46 theme weight 1827:1832 arg1 gain 1834:1837 weight gain 1827:1837 weight gain induced by an obesogenic diet 1827:1867 Taken together, these results suggest that the absence of Saa3 attenuates liver-specific SAA (i.e., SAA1/2) secretion into plasma and blunts weight gain induced by an obesogenic diet. 25251243 5 47 theme deficient 952:960 arg1 mice 947:950 mice 947:950 mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)) 947:981 We tested the hypothesis that SAA3 contributes to chronic systemic inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)). 25251243 10 48 theme glucose 1666:1672 arg1 metabolism 1674:1683 glucose metabolism 1666:1683 glucose metabolism 1666:1683 Additionally, female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, showed improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles, with no changes in glucose metabolism. 25251243 12 49 theme Saa3 1973:1976 arg1 mice 1983:1986 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1966:1986 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1966:1986 Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific inflammation and macrophage accumulation are attenuated in female Saa3(-/-) mice, suggesting a novel sexually dimorphic role for this protein. 25251243 9 50 with association 1481:1491 arg1 SAA 1513:1515 reduced plasma SAA 1498:1515 reduced plasma SAA 1498:1515 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 9 51 theme Saa2 1462:1465 arg1 expression 1467:1476 Saa2 expression 1462:1476 Saa2 expression 1462:1476 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 6 52 theme pro-inflammatory 1022:1037 arg1 diet 1062:1065 high sucrose diet 1049:1065 high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC) 1049:1096 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 6 52 theme pro-inflammatory 1022:1037 arg1 fat 1044:1046 a pro-inflammatory high fat 1020:1046 a pro-inflammatory high fat 1020:1046 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 7 53 theme Saa3 1120:1123 arg1 mice 1130:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1099:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1099:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 10 54 theme -/- 1544:1546 arg1 mice 1549:1552 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1532:1552 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1532:1552 Additionally, female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, showed improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles, with no changes in glucose metabolism. 25251243 10 55 from changes 1655:1661 arg1 metabolism 1674:1683 glucose metabolism 1666:1683 glucose metabolism 1666:1683 Additionally, female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, showed improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles, with no changes in glucose metabolism. 25251243 10 56 theme plasma 1586:1591 arg1 cholesterol 1593:1603 improved plasma cholesterol 1577:1603 improved plasma cholesterol 1577:1603 Additionally, female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, showed improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles, with no changes in glucose metabolism. 25251243 6 57 theme sucrose 1054:1060 arg1 diet 1062:1065 high sucrose diet 1049:1065 high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC) 1049:1096 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 6 57 theme sucrose 1054:1060 arg1 fat 1044:1046 a pro-inflammatory high fat 1020:1046 a pro-inflammatory high fat 1020:1046 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 9 58 theme plasma 1506:1511 arg1 SAA 1513:1515 reduced plasma SAA 1498:1515 reduced plasma SAA 1498:1515 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 3 59 theme SAA3 527:530 arg1 protein 532:538 functional SAA3 protein 516:538 functional SAA3 protein 516:538 Humans do not express functional SAA3 protein, but instead express SAA1 and SAA2 in hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues, making it difficult to distinguish between liver and adipose tissue-specific SAA effects. 25251243 4 60 theme systemic 784:791 arg1 inflammation 793:804 systemic inflammation 784:804 systemic inflammation 784:804 SAA3 does not circulate in plasma, but may exert local effects that impact systemic inflammation. 25251243 6 61 theme added 1072:1076 arg1 HFHSC 1091:1095 HFHSC 1091:1095 HFHSC 1091:1095 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 6 61 theme added 1072:1076 arg1 cholesterol 1078:1088 added cholesterol 1072:1088 added cholesterol (HFHSC) 1072:1096 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 5 62 dep Saa3 972:975 arg1 -/- 977:979 -/- 977:979 -/- 977:979 We tested the hypothesis that SAA3 contributes to chronic systemic inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)). 25251243 0 63 theme female 123:128 arg1 mice 130:133 female mice 123:133 female mice 123:133 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 2 64 theme inducible 272:280 arg1 SAA3 263:266 SAA3 263:266 SAA3 263:266 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 25251243 2 64 theme inducible 272:280 arg1 form 282:285 an inducible form 269:285 an inducible form of SAA 269:292 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 25251243 10 65 theme improved 1577:1584 arg1 cholesterol 1593:1603 improved plasma cholesterol 1577:1603 improved plasma cholesterol 1577:1603 Additionally, female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, showed improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles, with no changes in glucose metabolism. 25251243 5 66 dep Saa3 966:969 arg1 Saa3 972:975 Saa3 972:975 Saa3(-/-) 972:980 We tested the hypothesis that SAA3 contributes to chronic systemic inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)). 25251243 3 67 theme SAA 696:698 arg1 effects 700:706 tissue-specific SAA effects 680:706 tissue-specific SAA effects 680:706 Humans do not express functional SAA3 protein, but instead express SAA1 and SAA2 in hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues, making it difficult to distinguish between liver and adipose tissue-specific SAA effects. 25251243 1 68 theme acute 183:187 arg1 stimuli 202:208 acute inflammatory stimuli 183:208 acute inflammatory stimuli 183:208 Serum amyloid A (SAA) increases in response to acute inflammatory stimuli and is modestly and chronically elevated in obesity. 25251243 1 69 dep stimuli 202:208 arg1 response 171:178 response 171:178 response 171:178 Serum amyloid A (SAA) increases in response to acute inflammatory stimuli and is modestly and chronically elevated in obesity. 25251243 12 70 theme tissue-specific 1891:1905 arg1 inflammation 1907:1918 adipose tissue-specific inflammation 1883:1918 adipose tissue-specific inflammation 1883:1918 Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific inflammation and macrophage accumulation are attenuated in female Saa3(-/-) mice, suggesting a novel sexually dimorphic role for this protein. 25251243 11 71 dep SAA1/2 1786:1791 arg1 i.e. 1780:1783 i.e. 1780:1783 i.e. 1780:1783 Taken together, these results suggest that the absence of Saa3 attenuates liver-specific SAA (i.e., SAA1/2) secretion into plasma and blunts weight gain induced by an obesogenic diet. 25251243 2 72 from expansion 472:480 arg1 obesity 485:491 obesity 485:491 obesity 485:491 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 25251243 7 73 theme body 1238:1241 arg1 composition 1243:1253 body composition 1238:1253 body composition 1238:1253 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 5 74 theme systemic 865:872 arg1 inflammation 874:885 chronic systemic inflammation 857:885 chronic systemic inflammation 857:885 We tested the hypothesis that SAA3 contributes to chronic systemic inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)). 25251243 8 75 theme reduced 1320:1326 arg1 inflammation 1362:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 0 76 theme sucrose 52:58 arg1 tissue 81:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue 38:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 38:99 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 10 77 theme lipoprotein 1625:1635 arg1 profiles 1637:1644 improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles 1577:1644 improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles 1577:1644 Additionally, female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, showed improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles, with no changes in glucose metabolism. 25251243 1 78 theme Serum 136:140 arg1 SAA 153:155 SAA 153:155 SAA 153:155 Serum amyloid A (SAA) increases in response to acute inflammatory stimuli and is modestly and chronically elevated in obesity. 25251243 1 78 theme Serum 136:140 arg1 A 150:150 Serum amyloid A 136:150 Serum amyloid A (SAA) 136:156 Serum amyloid A (SAA) increases in response to acute inflammatory stimuli and is modestly and chronically elevated in obesity. 25251243 8 79 theme diet-induced 1334:1345 arg1 inflammation 1362:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 7 80 theme female 1113:1118 arg1 mice 1130:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1099:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1099:1133 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 0 81 theme adipose 73:79 arg1 tissue 81:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue 38:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 38:99 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 8 82 theme tissue 1355:1360 arg1 inflammation 1362:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 1320:1373 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 9 83 theme male 1404:1407 arg1 mice 1430:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1399:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1399:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 7 84 theme littermate 1194:1203 arg1 controls 1205:1212 Saa3(+/+) littermate controls 1184:1212 Saa3(+/+) littermate controls 1184:1212 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 2 85 theme tissue 465:470 arg1 expansion 472:480 adipose tissue expansion 457:480 adipose tissue expansion in obesity 457:491 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 25251243 5 86 from inflammation 874:885 arg1 obesity 933:939 obesity 933:939 obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)) 933:981 We tested the hypothesis that SAA3 contributes to chronic systemic inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)). 25251243 9 87 theme female 1413:1418 arg1 mice 1430:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1399:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice 1399:1433 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 7 88 from differences 1223:1233 arg1 composition 1243:1253 body composition 1238:1253 body composition 1238:1253 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 7 88 from differences 1223:1233 arg1 metabolism 1266:1275 resting metabolism 1258:1275 resting metabolism 1258:1275 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 7 89 theme +/+ 1189:1191 arg1 controls 1205:1212 Saa3(+/+) littermate controls 1184:1212 Saa3(+/+) littermate controls 1184:1212 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 0 90 theme amyloid 18:24 arg1 A3 26:27 serum amyloid A3 12:27 serum amyloid A3 12:27 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 5 91 theme tissue 899:904 arg1 accumulation 917:928 adipose tissue macrophage accumulation 891:928 adipose tissue macrophage accumulation 891:928 We tested the hypothesis that SAA3 contributes to chronic systemic inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in obesity using mice deficient for Saa3 (Saa3(-/-)). 25251243 7 92 theme Saa3 1184:1187 arg1 controls 1205:1212 Saa3(+/+) littermate controls 1184:1212 Saa3(+/+) littermate controls 1184:1212 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 2 93 theme monocyte 365:372 arg1 chemotaxis 374:383 monocyte chemotaxis 365:383 monocyte chemotaxis 365:383 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 25251243 13 94 theme liver-specific 2098:2111 arg1 expression 2120:2129 liver-specific SAA1/2 expression 2098:2129 liver-specific SAA1/2 expression 2098:2129 These results also suggest that Saa3 influences liver-specific SAA1/2 expression, and that SAA3 could play a larger role in the acute phase response than previously thought. 25251243 13 95 theme larger 2159:2164 arg1 role 2166:2169 a larger role 2157:2169 a larger role 2157:2169 These results also suggest that Saa3 influences liver-specific SAA1/2 expression, and that SAA3 could play a larger role in the acute phase response than previously thought. 25251243 2 96 theme macrophage 416:425 arg1 accumulation 427:438 the macrophage accumulation 412:438 the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity 412:491 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 25251243 3 97 theme hepatic 578:584 arg1 tissues 610:616 hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues 578:616 hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues 578:616 Humans do not express functional SAA3 protein, but instead express SAA1 and SAA2 in hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues, making it difficult to distinguish between liver and adipose tissue-specific SAA effects. 25251243 13 98 theme phase 2184:2188 arg1 response 2190:2197 the acute phase response 2174:2197 the acute phase response than previously thought 2174:2221 These results also suggest that Saa3 influences liver-specific SAA1/2 expression, and that SAA3 could play a larger role in the acute phase response than previously thought. 25251243 0 99 theme fat 43:45 arg1 tissue 81:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue 38:86 high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation 38:99 Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. 25251243 3 100 dep liver 662:666 arg1 effects 700:706 tissue-specific SAA effects 680:706 tissue-specific SAA effects 680:706 Humans do not express functional SAA3 protein, but instead express SAA1 and SAA2 in hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues, making it difficult to distinguish between liver and adipose tissue-specific SAA effects. 25251243 7 101 theme HFHSC 1161:1165 arg1 diet 1167:1170 the HFHSC diet 1157:1170 the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism 1157:1275 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice gained less weight on the HFHSC diet compared to Saa3(+/+) littermate controls, with no differences in body composition or resting metabolism. 25251243 4 102 theme local 758:762 arg1 effects 764:770 local effects 758:770 local effects that impact systemic inflammation 758:804 SAA3 does not circulate in plasma, but may exert local effects that impact systemic inflammation. 25251243 10 103 theme female 1532:1537 arg1 mice 1549:1552 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1532:1552 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1532:1552 Additionally, female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, showed improved plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein profiles, with no changes in glucose metabolism. 25251243 12 104 theme female 1966:1971 arg1 mice 1983:1986 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1966:1986 female Saa3(-/-) mice 1966:1986 Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific inflammation and macrophage accumulation are attenuated in female Saa3(-/-) mice, suggesting a novel sexually dimorphic role for this protein. 25251243 9 105 theme liver 1447:1451 arg1 Saa1 1453:1456 reduced liver Saa1 1439:1456 reduced liver Saa1 1439:1456 Both male and female Saa3(-/-) mice had reduced liver Saa1 and Saa2 expression in association with reduced plasma SAA. 25251243 11 106 theme liver-specific 1760:1773 arg1 SAA1/2 1786:1791 SAA1/2 1786:1791 SAA1/2 1786:1791 Taken together, these results suggest that the absence of Saa3 attenuates liver-specific SAA (i.e., SAA1/2) secretion into plasma and blunts weight gain induced by an obesogenic diet. 25251243 11 106 theme liver-specific 1760:1773 arg1 SAA 1775:1777 liver-specific SAA 1760:1777 liver-specific SAA (i.e., SAA1/2) secretion into plasma 1760:1814 Taken together, these results suggest that the absence of Saa3 attenuates liver-specific SAA (i.e., SAA1/2) secretion into plasma and blunts weight gain induced by an obesogenic diet. 25251243 3 107 theme extrahepatic 597:608 arg1 tissues 610:616 hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues 578:616 hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues 578:616 Humans do not express functional SAA3 protein, but instead express SAA1 and SAA2 in hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues, making it difficult to distinguish between liver and adipose tissue-specific SAA effects. 25251243 8 108 theme Saa3 1285:1288 arg1 mice 1295:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice 1278:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice 1278:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 2 109 theme SAA 290:292 arg1 SAA3 263:266 SAA3 263:266 SAA3 263:266 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 25251243 2 109 theme SAA 290:292 arg1 form 282:285 an inducible form 269:285 an inducible form of SAA 269:292 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 25251243 13 110 theme SAA1/2 2113:2118 arg1 expression 2120:2129 liver-specific SAA1/2 expression 2098:2129 liver-specific SAA1/2 expression 2098:2129 These results also suggest that Saa3 influences liver-specific SAA1/2 expression, and that SAA3 could play a larger role in the acute phase response than previously thought. 25251243 6 111 theme high 1039:1042 arg1 diet 1062:1065 high sucrose diet 1049:1065 high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC) 1049:1096 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 6 111 theme high 1039:1042 arg1 fat 1044:1046 a pro-inflammatory high fat 1020:1046 a pro-inflammatory high fat 1020:1046 Mice were rendered obese by feeding a pro-inflammatory high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC). 25251243 8 112 theme -/- 1290:1292 arg1 mice 1295:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice 1278:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice 1278:1298 Female Saa3(-/-) mice, but not males, had reduced HFHSC diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage content. 25251243 2 113 theme adipose 318:324 arg1 tissue 326:331 adipose tissue 318:331 adipose tissue 318:331 SAA3, an inducible form of SAA, is highly expressed in adipose tissue in obese mice where it promotes monocyte chemotaxis, providing a mechanism for the macrophage accumulation that occurs with adipose tissue expansion in obesity. 27797648 12 0 dep p 1413:1413 arg1 0.05 1427:1430 0.05 1427:1430 0.05 1427:1430 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 18 1 theme macronutrients 2025:2038 arg1 quantity 2009:2016 quantity 2009:2016 quantity 2009:2016 The source and quantity of the macronutrients play a significant role in WC and HC. 27797648 18 1 theme macronutrients 2025:2038 arg1 source 1998:2003 source 1998:2003 source 1998:2003 The source and quantity of the macronutrients play a significant role in WC and HC. 27797648 10 2 theme total 1068:1072 arg1 carbohydrates 1074:1086 total carbohydrates 1068:1086 total carbohydrates 1068:1086 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 11 3 theme animal 1227:1232 arg1 intakes 1192:1198 higher intakes 1185:1198 higher intakes of sucrose 1185:1209 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 11 3 theme animal 1227:1232 arg1 protein 1234:1240 animal protein 1227:1240 animal protein 1227:1240 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 8 4 theme controlling 935:945 arg1 cofactors 947:955 controlling cofactors 935:955 controlling cofactors 935:955 Linear regressions were performed with quartiles of dietary components on change scores for WC and HC with controlling cofactors. 27797648 16 5 theme Macronutrient 1822:1834 arg1 source 1836:1841 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source 1811:1841 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source 1811:1841 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source and quantity play a significant role in individuals' adiposity and effects on WC and HC. 27797648 1 6 theme macronutrients 122:135 arg1 distribution 106:117 The calorie distribution 94:117 The calorie distribution of macronutrients 94:135 OBJECTIVE The calorie distribution of macronutrients affects individuals' health. 27797648 19 7 theme Further 2078:2084 arg1 research 2086:2093 Further research 2078:2093 Further research 2078:2093 Further research needs to be conducted to see the exact effect that macronutrients play on WC and HC. 27797648 13 8 theme protein 1530:1536 arg1 intakes 1486:1492 higher intakes 1479:1492 higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05) 1479:1557 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 16 9 from effects 1910:1916 arg1 HC 1928:1929 HC 1928:1929 HC 1928:1929 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source and quantity play a significant role in individuals' adiposity and effects on WC and HC. 27797648 16 9 from effects 1910:1916 arg1 WC 1921:1922 WC 1921:1922 WC 1921:1922 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source and quantity play a significant role in individuals' adiposity and effects on WC and HC. 27797648 5 10 from cancer 538:543 arg1 HC 568:569 HC 568:569 HC 568:569 Those diagnosed with cancer or a decrease in WC or HC of 15 cm or more over 9 years were excluded. 27797648 5 10 from cancer 538:543 arg1 WC 562:563 WC 562:563 WC 562:563 Those diagnosed with cancer or a decrease in WC or HC of 15 cm or more over 9 years were excluded. 27797648 9 11 theme Gender 958:963 arg1 analysis 974:981 Gender subgroup analysis 958:981 Gender subgroup analysis 958:981 Gender subgroup analysis was performed. 27797648 16 12 from adiposity 1896:1904 arg1 HC 1928:1929 HC 1928:1929 HC 1928:1929 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source and quantity play a significant role in individuals' adiposity and effects on WC and HC. 27797648 16 12 from adiposity 1896:1904 arg1 WC 1921:1922 WC 1921:1922 WC 1921:1922 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source and quantity play a significant role in individuals' adiposity and effects on WC and HC. 27797648 12 13 theme vegetable 1398:1406 arg1 fat 1408:1410 vegetable fat 1398:1410 vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05) 1398:1431 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 4 14 theme = 452:452 arg1 N 450:450 N = 11,343 450:459 N = 11,343 450:459 METHODS Participants (N = 11,343) were from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study. 27797648 4 14 theme = 452:452 arg1 Participants 436:447 METHODS Participants 428:447 METHODS Participants (N = 11,343) 428:460 METHODS Participants (N = 11,343) were from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study. 27797648 3 15 dep quantity 348:355 arg1 the 344:346 the 344:346 the 344:346 This study's purpose is to investigate the association between the quantity and source of macronutrients and the change in WC and HC over 9 years. 27797648 1 16 dep OBJECTIVE 84:92 arg1 affects 137:143 affects 137:143 affects individuals' health 137:163 OBJECTIVE The calorie distribution of macronutrients affects individuals' health. 27797648 10 17 theme larger 1008:1013 arg1 increase 1015:1022 A larger increase 1006:1022 A larger increase in WC 1006:1028 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 12 18 theme fructose 1368:1375 arg1 intakes 1328:1334 higher intakes 1321:1334 higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05) 1321:1431 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 13 19 theme total 1509:1513 arg1 fat 1515:1517 total fat 1509:1517 total fat 1509:1517 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 3 20 from quantity 348:355 arg1 HC 411:412 HC 411:412 HC 411:412 This study's purpose is to investigate the association between the quantity and source of macronutrients and the change in WC and HC over 9 years. 27797648 3 20 from quantity 348:355 arg1 WC 404:405 WC 404:405 WC 404:405 This study's purpose is to investigate the association between the quantity and source of macronutrients and the change in WC and HC over 9 years. 27797648 13 21 dep p 1539:1539 arg1 0.05 1553:1556 0.05 1553:1556 0.05 1553:1556 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 15 22 theme total 1765:1769 arg1 protein 1771:1777 total protein 1765:1777 total protein 1765:1777 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 22 theme total 1765:1769 arg1 fiber 1723:1727 dietary fiber 1715:1727 dietary fiber 1715:1727 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 12 23 theme animal 1378:1383 arg1 protein 1385:1391 animal protein 1378:1391 animal protein 1378:1391 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 4 24 theme METHODS 428:434 arg1 N 450:450 N = 11,343 450:459 N = 11,343 450:459 METHODS Participants (N = 11,343) were from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study. 27797648 4 24 theme METHODS 428:434 arg1 Participants 436:447 METHODS Participants 428:447 METHODS Participants (N = 11,343) 428:460 METHODS Participants (N = 11,343) were from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study. 27797648 11 25 theme sucrose 1203:1209 arg1 protein 1218:1224 total protein 1212:1224 total protein 1212:1224 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 11 25 theme sucrose 1203:1209 arg1 protein 1234:1240 animal protein 1227:1240 animal protein 1227:1240 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 11 25 theme sucrose 1203:1209 arg1 intakes 1192:1198 higher intakes 1185:1198 higher intakes of sucrose 1185:1209 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 11 25 theme sucrose 1203:1209 arg1 alcohol 1247:1253 alcohol 1247:1253 alcohol (p for trend < 0.02) 1247:1274 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 3 26 from source 361:366 arg1 HC 411:412 HC 411:412 HC 411:412 This study's purpose is to investigate the association between the quantity and source of macronutrients and the change in WC and HC over 9 years. 27797648 3 26 from source 361:366 arg1 WC 404:405 WC 404:405 WC 404:405 This study's purpose is to investigate the association between the quantity and source of macronutrients and the change in WC and HC over 9 years. 27797648 13 27 dep protein 1530:1536 arg1 p 1539:1539 p 1539:1539 p for trend 1539:1549 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 6 28 theme Change 616:621 arg1 scores 623:628 Change scores 616:628 Change scores 616:628 Change scores were created for anthropometrics between clinic visits over 9 years. 27797648 7 29 theme food 740:743 arg1 questionnaire 755:767 a food frequency questionnaire 738:767 a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 738:778 Macronutrient intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 and presented as a percentage of energy intake. 27797648 8 30 theme Linear 828:833 arg1 regressions 835:845 Linear regressions 828:845 Linear regressions 828:845 Linear regressions were performed with quartiles of dietary components on change scores for WC and HC with controlling cofactors. 27797648 12 31 theme carbohydrate 1345:1356 arg1 intakes 1328:1334 higher intakes 1321:1334 higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05) 1321:1431 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 10 32 from increase 1015:1022 arg1 WC 1027:1028 WC 1027:1028 WC 1027:1028 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 10 33 theme fiber 1097:1101 arg1 intakes 1057:1063 higher intakes 1050:1063 higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005) 1050:1137 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 10 34 dep RESULTS 998:1004 arg1 associated 1034:1043 associated 1034:1043 was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005) 1030:1137 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 3 35 theme macronutrients 371:384 arg1 source 361:366 source 361:366 source 361:366 This study's purpose is to investigate the association between the quantity and source of macronutrients and the change in WC and HC over 9 years. 27797648 3 35 theme macronutrients 371:384 arg1 quantity 348:355 quantity 348:355 quantity 348:355 This study's purpose is to investigate the association between the quantity and source of macronutrients and the change in WC and HC over 9 years. 27797648 3 35 theme macronutrients 371:384 arg1 change 394:399 the change 390:399 the change in WC and HC over 9 years 390:425 This study's purpose is to investigate the association between the quantity and source of macronutrients and the change in WC and HC over 9 years. 27797648 7 36 from visit 772:776 arg1 questionnaire 755:767 a food frequency questionnaire 738:767 a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 738:778 Macronutrient intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 and presented as a percentage of energy intake. 27797648 7 37 theme Macronutrient 699:711 arg1 percentage 799:808 a percentage 797:808 a percentage of energy intake 797:825 Macronutrient intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 and presented as a percentage of energy intake. 27797648 7 37 theme Macronutrient 699:711 arg1 intakes 713:719 Macronutrient intakes 699:719 Macronutrient intakes 699:719 Macronutrient intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 and presented as a percentage of energy intake. 27797648 4 38 theme Atherosclerosis 476:490 arg1 Risk 492:495 the Atherosclerosis Risk 472:495 the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study 472:514 METHODS Participants (N = 11,343) were from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study. 27797648 11 39 theme smaller 1142:1148 arg1 increase 1150:1157 A smaller increase 1140:1157 A smaller increase in WC 1140:1163 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 2 40 theme major 213:217 arg1 roles 219:223 major roles 213:223 major roles 213:223 Quantity and source of macronutrients may play major roles in waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC). 27797648 13 41 from increase 1444:1451 arg1 HC 1456:1457 HC 1456:1457 HC 1456:1457 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 12 42 theme total 1339:1343 arg1 carbohydrate 1345:1356 total carbohydrate 1339:1356 total carbohydrate 1339:1356 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 8 43 theme components 888:897 arg1 quartiles 867:875 quartiles 867:875 quartiles of dietary components 867:897 Linear regressions were performed with quartiles of dietary components on change scores for WC and HC with controlling cofactors. 27797648 8 44 theme change 902:907 arg1 scores 909:914 change scores 902:914 change scores for WC and HC with controlling cofactors 902:955 Linear regressions were performed with quartiles of dietary components on change scores for WC and HC with controlling cofactors. 27797648 5 45 theme 15 cm 574:578 arg1 HC 568:569 HC 568:569 HC 568:569 Those diagnosed with cancer or a decrease in WC or HC of 15 cm or more over 9 years were excluded. 27797648 5 45 theme 15 cm 574:578 arg1 WC 562:563 WC 562:563 WC 562:563 Those diagnosed with cancer or a decrease in WC or HC of 15 cm or more over 9 years were excluded. 27797648 7 46 theme intake 820:825 arg1 percentage 799:808 a percentage 797:808 a percentage of energy intake 797:825 Macronutrient intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 and presented as a percentage of energy intake. 27797648 7 46 theme intake 820:825 arg1 intakes 713:719 Macronutrient intakes 699:719 Macronutrient intakes 699:719 Macronutrient intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 and presented as a percentage of energy intake. 27797648 13 47 theme fat 1504:1506 arg1 intakes 1486:1492 higher intakes 1479:1492 higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05) 1479:1557 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 5 48 theme more 583:586 arg1 HC 568:569 HC 568:569 HC 568:569 Those diagnosed with cancer or a decrease in WC or HC of 15 cm or more over 9 years were excluded. 27797648 5 48 theme more 583:586 arg1 WC 562:563 WC 562:563 WC 562:563 Those diagnosed with cancer or a decrease in WC or HC of 15 cm or more over 9 years were excluded. 27797648 19 49 theme exact 2128:2132 arg1 effect 2134:2139 the exact effect 2124:2139 the exact effect 2124:2139 Further research needs to be conducted to see the exact effect that macronutrients play on WC and HC. 27797648 12 50 from increase 1286:1293 arg1 HC 1298:1299 HC 1298:1299 HC 1298:1299 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 12 51 theme larger 1279:1284 arg1 increase 1286:1293 A larger increase 1277:1293 A larger increase in HC 1277:1299 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 17 52 from increase 1944:1951 arg1 WC 1956:1957 WC 1956:1957 WC 1956:1957 Overall, an increase in WC and HC was seen over the 11 years. 27797648 17 52 from increase 1944:1951 arg1 HC 1963:1964 HC 1963:1964 HC 1963:1964 Overall, an increase in WC and HC was seen over the 11 years. 27797648 14 53 theme total 1646:1650 arg1 protein 1652:1658 total protein 1646:1658 total protein 1646:1658 In males, changes in WC and HC were associated with fructose, sucrose, total fat, and total protein. 27797648 16 54 theme CONCLUSION 1811:1820 arg1 source 1836:1841 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source 1811:1841 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source 1811:1841 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source and quantity play a significant role in individuals' adiposity and effects on WC and HC. 27797648 11 55 dep alcohol 1247:1253 arg1 p 1256:1256 p 1256:1256 p for trend < 0.02 1256:1273 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 11 56 theme total 1212:1216 arg1 protein 1218:1224 total protein 1212:1224 total protein 1212:1224 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 11 56 theme total 1212:1216 arg1 intakes 1192:1198 higher intakes 1185:1198 higher intakes of sucrose 1185:1209 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 14 57 theme total 1631:1635 arg1 fat 1637:1639 total fat 1631:1639 total fat 1631:1639 In males, changes in WC and HC were associated with fructose, sucrose, total fat, and total protein. 27797648 18 58 theme significant 2047:2057 arg1 role 2059:2062 a significant role 2045:2062 a significant role 2045:2062 The source and quantity of the macronutrients play a significant role in WC and HC. 27797648 13 59 theme total 1524:1528 arg1 protein 1530:1536 total protein 1524:1536 total protein (p for trend < 0.05) 1524:1557 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 15 60 from changes 1673:1679 arg1 HC 1691:1692 HC 1691:1692 HC 1691:1692 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 60 from changes 1673:1679 arg1 WC 1684:1685 WC 1684:1685 WC 1684:1685 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 2 61 theme waist 228:232 arg1 circumference 234:246 waist circumference 228:246 waist circumference (WC) 228:251 Quantity and source of macronutrients may play major roles in waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC). 27797648 2 61 theme waist 228:232 arg1 WC 249:250 WC 249:250 WC 249:250 Quantity and source of macronutrients may play major roles in waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC). 27797648 2 62 theme hip 257:259 arg1 HC 276:277 HC 276:277 HC 276:277 Quantity and source of macronutrients may play major roles in waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC). 27797648 2 62 theme hip 257:259 arg1 circumference 261:273 hip circumference 257:273 hip circumference (HC) 257:278 Quantity and source of macronutrients may play major roles in waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC). 27797648 9 63 theme subgroup 965:972 arg1 analysis 974:981 Gender subgroup analysis 958:981 Gender subgroup analysis 958:981 Gender subgroup analysis was performed. 27797648 5 64 from decrease 550:557 arg1 HC 568:569 HC 568:569 HC 568:569 Those diagnosed with cancer or a decrease in WC or HC of 15 cm or more over 9 years were excluded. 27797648 5 64 from decrease 550:557 arg1 WC 562:563 WC 562:563 WC 562:563 Those diagnosed with cancer or a decrease in WC or HC of 15 cm or more over 9 years were excluded. 27797648 12 65 theme fat 1408:1410 arg1 intakes 1328:1334 higher intakes 1321:1334 higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05) 1321:1431 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 8 66 with WC 920:921 arg1 cofactors 947:955 controlling cofactors 935:955 controlling cofactors 935:955 Linear regressions were performed with quartiles of dietary components on change scores for WC and HC with controlling cofactors. 27797648 0 67 from Change 32:37 arg1 Waist 42:46 Waist 42:46 Waist 42:46 Macronutrients Association with Change in Waist and Hip Circumference Over 9 Years. 27797648 0 67 from Change 32:37 arg1 Circumference 56:68 Hip Circumference 52:68 Hip Circumference 52:68 Macronutrients Association with Change in Waist and Hip Circumference Over 9 Years. 27797648 11 68 theme higher 1185:1190 arg1 protein 1218:1224 total protein 1212:1224 total protein 1212:1224 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 11 68 theme higher 1185:1190 arg1 protein 1234:1240 animal protein 1227:1240 animal protein 1227:1240 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 11 68 theme higher 1185:1190 arg1 intakes 1192:1198 higher intakes 1185:1198 higher intakes of sucrose 1185:1209 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 11 68 theme higher 1185:1190 arg1 alcohol 1247:1253 alcohol 1247:1253 alcohol (p for trend < 0.02) 1247:1274 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 3 69 from change 394:399 arg1 HC 411:412 HC 411:412 HC 411:412 This study's purpose is to investigate the association between the quantity and source of macronutrients and the change in WC and HC over 9 years. 27797648 3 69 from change 394:399 arg1 WC 404:405 WC 404:405 WC 404:405 This study's purpose is to investigate the association between the quantity and source of macronutrients and the change in WC and HC over 9 years. 27797648 12 70 theme protein 1385:1391 arg1 intakes 1328:1334 higher intakes 1321:1334 higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05) 1321:1431 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 13 71 theme fat 1515:1517 arg1 intakes 1486:1492 higher intakes 1479:1492 higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05) 1479:1557 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 15 72 theme animal 1749:1754 arg1 protein 1756:1762 animal protein 1749:1762 animal protein 1749:1762 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 72 theme animal 1749:1754 arg1 fiber 1723:1727 dietary fiber 1715:1727 dietary fiber 1715:1727 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 8 73 with HC 927:928 arg1 cofactors 947:955 controlling cofactors 935:955 controlling cofactors 935:955 Linear regressions were performed with quartiles of dietary components on change scores for WC and HC with controlling cofactors. 27797648 10 74 theme fructose 1108:1115 arg1 intakes 1057:1063 higher intakes 1050:1063 higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005) 1050:1137 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 18 75 dep source 1998:2003 arg1 The 1994:1996 The 1994:1996 The 1994:1996 The source and quantity of the macronutrients play a significant role in WC and HC. 27797648 4 76 theme Community 500:508 arg1 Study 510:514 Community Study 500:514 Community Study 500:514 METHODS Participants (N = 11,343) were from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study. 27797648 13 77 theme animal 1497:1502 arg1 fat 1504:1506 animal fat 1497:1506 animal fat 1497:1506 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 13 78 theme higher 1479:1484 arg1 intakes 1486:1492 higher intakes 1479:1492 higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05) 1479:1557 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 14 79 from changes 1570:1576 arg1 HC 1588:1589 HC 1588:1589 HC 1588:1589 In males, changes in WC and HC were associated with fructose, sucrose, total fat, and total protein. 27797648 14 79 from changes 1570:1576 arg1 WC 1581:1582 WC 1581:1582 WC 1581:1582 In males, changes in WC and HC were associated with fructose, sucrose, total fat, and total protein. 27797648 7 80 theme frequency 745:753 arg1 questionnaire 755:767 a food frequency questionnaire 738:767 a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 738:778 Macronutrient intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 and presented as a percentage of energy intake. 27797648 1 81 theme calorie 98:104 arg1 distribution 106:117 The calorie distribution 94:117 The calorie distribution of macronutrients 94:135 OBJECTIVE The calorie distribution of macronutrients affects individuals' health. 27797648 2 82 theme macronutrients 189:202 arg1 source 179:184 source 179:184 source 179:184 Quantity and source of macronutrients may play major roles in waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC). 27797648 2 82 theme macronutrients 189:202 arg1 Quantity 166:173 Quantity 166:173 Quantity 166:173 Quantity and source of macronutrients may play major roles in waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC). 27797648 4 83 from Risk 492:495 arg1 Study 510:514 Community Study 500:514 Community Study 500:514 METHODS Participants (N = 11,343) were from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study. 27797648 10 84 theme higher 1050:1055 arg1 intakes 1057:1063 higher intakes 1050:1063 higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005) 1050:1137 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 10 85 dep p 1118:1118 arg1 0.005 1132:1136 0.005 1132:1136 0.005 1132:1136 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 15 86 theme vegetable 1796:1804 arg1 fiber 1723:1727 dietary fiber 1715:1727 dietary fiber 1715:1727 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 86 theme vegetable 1796:1804 arg1 fat 1806:1808 vegetable fat 1796:1808 vegetable fat 1796:1808 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 87 theme dietary 1715:1721 arg1 fructose 1730:1737 fructose 1730:1737 fructose 1730:1737 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 87 theme dietary 1715:1721 arg1 fat 1806:1808 vegetable fat 1796:1808 vegetable fat 1796:1808 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 87 theme dietary 1715:1721 arg1 alcohol 1740:1746 alcohol 1740:1746 alcohol 1740:1746 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 87 theme dietary 1715:1721 arg1 protein 1771:1777 total protein 1765:1777 total protein 1765:1777 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 87 theme dietary 1715:1721 arg1 fat 1787:1789 animal fat 1780:1789 animal fat 1780:1789 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 87 theme dietary 1715:1721 arg1 fiber 1723:1727 dietary fiber 1715:1727 dietary fiber 1715:1727 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 87 theme dietary 1715:1721 arg1 protein 1756:1762 animal protein 1749:1762 animal protein 1749:1762 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 0 88 theme Hip 52:54 arg1 Circumference 56:68 Hip Circumference 52:68 Hip Circumference 52:68 Macronutrients Association with Change in Waist and Hip Circumference Over 9 Years. 27797648 10 89 theme dietary 1089:1095 arg1 fiber 1097:1101 dietary fiber 1089:1101 dietary fiber 1089:1101 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 12 90 theme sucrose 1359:1365 arg1 intakes 1328:1334 higher intakes 1321:1334 higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05) 1321:1431 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 13 91 theme smaller 1436:1442 arg1 increase 1444:1451 A smaller increase 1434:1451 A smaller increase in HC 1434:1457 A smaller increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of animal fat, total fat, and total protein (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 12 92 dep fat 1408:1410 arg1 p 1413:1413 p 1413:1413 p for trend 1413:1423 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 0 93 with Association 15:25 arg1 Change 32:37 Change 32:37 Change in Waist and Hip Circumference Over 9 Years 32:81 Macronutrients Association with Change in Waist and Hip Circumference Over 9 Years. 27797648 10 94 theme carbohydrates 1074:1086 arg1 intakes 1057:1063 higher intakes 1050:1063 higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005) 1050:1137 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 12 95 theme higher 1321:1326 arg1 intakes 1328:1334 higher intakes 1321:1334 higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05) 1321:1431 A larger increase in HC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrate, sucrose, fructose, animal protein, and vegetable fat (p for trend < 0.05). 27797648 15 96 theme animal 1780:1785 arg1 fat 1787:1789 animal fat 1780:1789 animal fat 1780:1789 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 15 96 theme animal 1780:1785 arg1 fiber 1723:1727 dietary fiber 1715:1727 dietary fiber 1715:1727 In females, changes in WC and HC were associated with dietary fiber, fructose, alcohol, animal protein, total protein, animal fat, and vegetable fat. 27797648 6 97 theme clinic 671:676 arg1 visits 678:683 clinic visits 671:683 clinic visits over 9 years 671:696 Change scores were created for anthropometrics between clinic visits over 9 years. 27797648 11 98 from increase 1150:1157 arg1 WC 1162:1163 WC 1162:1163 WC 1162:1163 A smaller increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of sucrose, total protein, animal protein, and alcohol (p for trend < 0.02). 27797648 10 99 dep fructose 1108:1115 arg1 p 1118:1118 p 1118:1118 p for trend 1118:1128 RESULTS A larger increase in WC was associated with higher intakes of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and fructose (p for trend < 0.005). 27797648 8 100 theme dietary 880:886 arg1 components 888:897 dietary components 880:897 dietary components 880:897 Linear regressions were performed with quartiles of dietary components on change scores for WC and HC with controlling cofactors. 27797648 16 101 theme significant 1863:1873 arg1 role 1875:1878 a significant role 1861:1878 a significant role 1861:1878 CONCLUSION Macronutrient source and quantity play a significant role in individuals' adiposity and effects on WC and HC. 27797648 7 102 theme energy 813:818 arg1 intake 820:825 energy intake 813:825 energy intake 813:825 Macronutrient intakes were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at visit 1 and presented as a percentage of energy intake. 25056298 17 0 theme = 2134:2134 arg1 NBRC 2136:2139 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 5 1 theme type 605:608 arg1 B2β 610:612 type B2β 605:612 type B2β 605:612 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 14 2 theme ± 1782:1782 arg1 % 1791:1791 70.9 ± 0.7 mol% 1777:1791 70.9 ± 0.7 mol% 1777:1791 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 14 2 theme ± 1782:1782 arg1 content 1754:1760 The DNA G+C content 1742:1760 The DNA G+C content determined 1742:1771 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 6 3 theme N-glycolyl 729:738 arg1 form 740:743 the N-glycolyl form 725:743 the N-glycolyl form 725:743 The muramic acid was of the N-glycolyl form. 25056298 15 4 theme Microbacterium 1987:2000 arg1 species 1966:1972 a novel species 1958:1972 a novel species 1958:1972 Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 17 5 theme = 2101:2101 arg1 NBRC 2136:2139 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 5 6 theme cell-wall 574:582 arg1 peptidoglycan 584:596 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 570:596 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 570:596 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 13 7 theme unique 1722:1727 arg1 profile 1733:1739 a unique DNA profile 1720:1739 a unique DNA profile 1720:1739 Furthermore, BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison also indicated that strain MUSC 115(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25056298 11 8 theme sequence 1378:1385 arg1 similarity 1387:1396 lower sequence similarity 1372:1396 lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium 1372:1452 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 15 9 theme phenotypic 1891:1900 arg1 data 1902:1905 genotypic and phenotypic data 1877:1905 genotypic and phenotypic data 1877:1905 Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 11 10 theme immunditiarum 1271:1283 arg1 SK 1285:1286 Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18 1256:1289 Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%) 1256:1300 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 10 theme immunditiarum 1271:1283 arg1 ulmi 1306:1309 ulmi 1306:1309 ulmi 1306:1309 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 10 theme immunditiarum 1271:1283 arg1 M. 1332:1333 M. 1332:1333 M. 1332:1333 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 10 theme immunditiarum 1271:1283 arg1 % 1299:1299 98.1% 1295:1299 98.1% 1295:1299 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 10 theme immunditiarum 1271:1283 arg1 T 1291:1291 T 1291:1291 T 1291:1291 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 15 11 theme genotypic 1877:1885 arg1 data 1902:1905 genotypic and phenotypic data 1877:1905 genotypic and phenotypic data 1877:1905 Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 17 12 theme = 2119:2119 arg1 NBRC 2136:2139 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 2 13 theme Strain 100:105 arg1 MUSC 107:110 Strain MUSC 115 100:114 Strain MUSC 115(T) 100:117 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 2 13 theme Strain 100:105 arg1 T 116:116 T 116:116 T 116:116 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 14 14 theme immunditiarum 1825:1837 arg1 SK 1839:1840 M. immunditiarum SK 18 1822:1843 M. immunditiarum SK 18(T) 1822:1846 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 14 14 theme immunditiarum 1825:1837 arg1 T 1845:1845 T 1845:1845 T 1845:1845 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 4 15 theme strain 384:389 arg1 MUSC 391:394 strain MUSC 115 384:398 strain MUSC 115(T) 384:401 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 4 15 theme strain 384:389 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 2 16 theme Malaysia 214:221 arg1 state 186:190 the state 182:190 the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 182:221 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 12 17 theme DNA-DNA 1455:1461 arg1 hybridization 1463:1475 DNA-DNA hybridization 1455:1475 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1455:1487 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 11 18 theme DSM 1347:1349 arg1 20754 1351:1355 DSM 20754 1347:1355 M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) 1332:1366 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 18 theme DSM 1347:1349 arg1 % 1365:1365 97.5% 1361:1365 97.5% 1361:1365 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 18 theme DSM 1347:1349 arg1 T 1357:1357 T 1357:1357 T 1357:1357 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 4 19 with consistent 519:528 arg1 those 535:539 those 535:539 those 535:539 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 12 20 theme relatedness 1521:1531 arg1 level 1504:1508 a low level 1498:1508 a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species 1498:1622 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 3 21 theme non-spore-forming 276:292 arg1 rods 301:304 non-spore-forming, short rods 276:304 non-spore-forming, short rods that formed yellowish-white colonies on different agar media 276:365 Cells of this strain stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming, short rods that formed yellowish-white colonies on different agar media. 25056298 11 22 dep M. 1332:1333 arg1 20754 1351:1355 DSM 20754 1347:1355 M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) 1332:1366 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 22 dep M. 1332:1333 arg1 arborescens 1335:1345 M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) 1332:1366 M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) 1332:1366 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 22 dep M. 1332:1333 arg1 % 1365:1365 97.5% 1361:1365 97.5% 1361:1365 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 22 dep M. 1332:1333 arg1 T 1357:1357 T 1357:1357 T 1357:1357 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 3 23 theme yellowish-white 318:332 arg1 colonies 334:341 yellowish-white colonies 318:341 yellowish-white colonies 318:341 Cells of this strain stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming, short rods that formed yellowish-white colonies on different agar media. 25056298 12 24 theme low 1500:1502 arg1 level 1504:1508 a low level 1498:1508 a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species 1498:1622 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 9 25 theme membrane 1035:1042 arg1 acids 1017:1021 The major fatty acids 1001:1021 The major fatty acids of the cell membrane 1001:1042 The major fatty acids of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25056298 9 25 theme membrane 1035:1042 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1049:1061 anteiso-C15:0 1049:1061 anteiso-C15:0 1049:1061 The major fatty acids of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25056298 1 26 theme mangrove 78:85 arg1 soil 94:97 mangrove forest soil 78:97 mangrove forest soil 78:97 nov., an amylolytic actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25056298 3 27 theme agar 356:359 arg1 media 361:365 different agar media 346:365 different agar media 346:365 Cells of this strain stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming, short rods that formed yellowish-white colonies on different agar media. 25056298 4 28 theme polyphasic 420:429 arg1 approach 431:438 a polyphasic approach 418:438 a polyphasic approach 418:438 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 29 theme highest 1225:1231 arg1 similarity 1242:1251 the highest sequence similarity 1221:1251 the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) 1221:1366 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 0 30 theme Microbacterium 0:13 arg1 sp 24:25 Microbacterium mangrovi sp 0:25 Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 0:26 Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 11 31 theme 16S 1171:1173 arg1 sequence 1185:1192 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1167:1192 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1167:1192 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 12 32 theme hybridization 1463:1475 arg1 experiments 1477:1487 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1455:1487 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1455:1487 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 4 33 theme phylogenetic 476:487 arg1 properties 508:517 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 476:517 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium 476:567 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 3 34 dep non-spore-forming 276:292 arg1 short 295:299 short 295:299 short 295:299 Cells of this strain stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming, short rods that formed yellowish-white colonies on different agar media. 25056298 15 35 theme novel 1960:1964 arg1 species 1966:1972 a novel species 1958:1972 a novel species 1958:1972 Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 4 36 theme chemotaxonomic 493:506 arg1 properties 508:517 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 476:517 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium 476:567 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 37 theme rRNA 1175:1178 arg1 sequence 1185:1192 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1167:1192 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1167:1192 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 13 38 theme fingerprint 1646:1656 arg1 comparison 1658:1667 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison 1638:1667 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison 1638:1667 Furthermore, BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison also indicated that strain MUSC 115(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25056298 14 39 theme G+C 1750:1752 arg1 % 1791:1791 70.9 ± 0.7 mol% 1777:1791 70.9 ± 0.7 mol% 1777:1791 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 14 39 theme G+C 1750:1752 arg1 content 1754:1760 The DNA G+C content 1742:1760 The DNA G+C content determined 1742:1771 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 12 40 theme related 1608:1614 arg1 species 1616:1622 closely related species 1600:1622 closely related species 1600:1622 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 2 41 theme mangrove 137:144 arg1 soil 146:149 mangrove soil 137:149 mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 137:221 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 17 42 theme DSM 2121:2123 arg1 NBRC 2136:2139 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 5 43 contain containing 615:624 arg2 acids 636:640 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine 626:698 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine 626:698 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 43 contain containing 615:624 arg2 glycine 662:668 glycine 662:668 glycine 662:668 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 43 contain containing 615:624 arg2 acid 680:683 glutamic acid 671:683 glutamic acid 671:683 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 43 contain containing 615:624 arg2 ornithine 642:650 ornithine 642:650 ornithine 642:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 43 contain containing 615:624 arg2 homoserine 689:698 homoserine 689:698 homoserine 689:698 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 43 contain containing 615:624 arg2 alanine 653:659 alanine 653:659 alanine 653:659 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 43 contain containing 615:624 arg1 B2β 610:612 type B2β 605:612 type B2β 605:612 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 11 44 theme strain 1195:1200 arg1 MUSC 1202:1205 strain MUSC 115 1195:1209 strain MUSC 115(T) 1195:1212 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 44 theme strain 1195:1200 arg1 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 2 45 theme river 173:177 arg1 soil 146:149 mangrove soil 137:149 mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 137:221 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 11 46 theme other 1412:1416 arg1 species 1418:1424 other species 1412:1424 other species of the genus Microbacterium 1412:1452 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 15 47 theme name 2017:2020 arg1 sp 2046:2047 the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp 2013:2047 the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp 2013:2047 Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 12 48 theme type 1584:1587 arg1 strains 1589:1595 the type strains 1580:1595 the type strains of closely related species 1580:1622 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 2 49 theme Tanjung 158:164 arg1 river 173:177 the Tanjung Lumpur river 154:177 the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 154:221 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 9 50 theme fatty 1011:1015 arg1 acids 1017:1021 The major fatty acids 1001:1021 The major fatty acids of the cell membrane 1001:1042 The major fatty acids of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25056298 9 50 theme fatty 1011:1015 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1049:1061 anteiso-C15:0 1049:1061 anteiso-C15:0 1049:1061 The major fatty acids of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25056298 1 51 theme amylolytic 37:46 arg1 actinobacterium 48:62 an amylolytic actinobacterium 34:62 an amylolytic actinobacterium 34:62 nov., an amylolytic actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25056298 1 51 theme amylolytic 37:46 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., an amylolytic actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25056298 8 52 theme unidentified 912:923 arg1 lipids 925:930 two unidentified lipids 908:930 two unidentified lipids 908:930 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified lipids, three unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified glycolipids. 25056298 11 53 theme genus 1433:1437 arg1 Microbacterium 1439:1452 the genus Microbacterium 1429:1452 the genus Microbacterium 1429:1452 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 4 54 theme consistent 519:528 arg1 properties 508:517 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 476:517 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium 476:567 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 55 theme lower 1372:1376 arg1 similarity 1387:1396 lower sequence similarity 1372:1396 lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium 1372:1452 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 15 56 theme genus 1981:1985 arg1 Microbacterium 1987:2000 the genus Microbacterium 1977:2000 the genus Microbacterium 1977:2000 Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 8 57 theme unidentified 939:950 arg1 phospholipids 952:964 three unidentified phospholipids 933:964 three unidentified phospholipids 933:964 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified lipids, three unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified glycolipids. 25056298 15 58 theme data 1902:1905 arg1 combination 1862:1872 the combination 1858:1872 the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data 1858:1905 Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 2 59 from river 173:177 arg1 state 186:190 the state 182:190 the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 182:221 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 17 60 dep 115 2092:2094 arg1 NBRC 2136:2139 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 12 61 theme strain 1557:1562 arg1 MUSC 1564:1567 strain MUSC 115 1557:1571 strain MUSC 115(T) 1557:1574 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 12 61 theme strain 1557:1562 arg1 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 17 62 theme MCCC 2103:2106 arg1 NBRC 2136:2139 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 13 63 theme DNA 1729:1731 arg1 profile 1733:1739 a unique DNA profile 1720:1739 a unique DNA profile 1720:1739 Furthermore, BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison also indicated that strain MUSC 115(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25056298 8 64 theme unidentified 975:986 arg1 glycolipids 988:998 four unidentified glycolipids 970:998 four unidentified glycolipids 970:998 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified lipids, three unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified glycolipids. 25056298 11 65 theme Microbacterium 1256:1269 arg1 SK 1285:1286 Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18 1256:1289 Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%) 1256:1300 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 65 theme Microbacterium 1256:1269 arg1 ulmi 1306:1309 ulmi 1306:1309 ulmi 1306:1309 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 65 theme Microbacterium 1256:1269 arg1 M. 1332:1333 M. 1332:1333 M. 1332:1333 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 65 theme Microbacterium 1256:1269 arg1 % 1299:1299 98.1% 1295:1299 98.1% 1295:1299 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 65 theme Microbacterium 1256:1269 arg1 T 1291:1291 T 1291:1291 T 1291:1291 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 6 66 theme muramic 705:711 arg1 acid 713:716 The muramic acid 701:716 The muramic acid 701:716 The muramic acid was of the N-glycolyl form. 25056298 3 67 theme strain 238:243 arg1 Cells 224:228 Cells 224:228 Cells of this strain 224:243 Cells of this strain stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming, short rods that formed yellowish-white colonies on different agar media. 25056298 2 68 theme Pahang 195:200 arg1 Peninsular 203:212 Peninsular 203:212 Peninsular 203:212 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 2 68 theme Pahang 195:200 arg1 Malaysia 214:221 Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 195:221 Malaysia 214:221 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 7 69 theme predominant 750:760 arg1 menaquinones 762:773 The predominant menaquinones 746:773 The predominant menaquinones detected 746:782 The predominant menaquinones detected were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11. 25056298 7 69 theme predominant 750:760 arg1 MK-12 789:793 MK-12 789:793 MK-12 789:793 The predominant menaquinones detected were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11. 25056298 17 70 theme MUSC 2087:2090 arg1 T 2096:2096 T 2096:2096 T 2096:2096 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 17 70 theme MUSC 2087:2090 arg1 strain 2077:2082 The type strain 2068:2082 The type strain 2068:2082 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 17 70 theme MUSC 2087:2090 arg1 115 2092:2094 MUSC 115 2087:2094 MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)) 2087:2150 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 4 71 theme MUSC 391:394 arg1 taxonomy 372:379 The taxonomy 368:379 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) 368:401 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 5 72 theme amino 630:634 arg1 alanine 653:659 alanine 653:659 alanine 653:659 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 72 theme amino 630:634 arg1 homoserine 689:698 homoserine 689:698 homoserine 689:698 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 72 theme amino 630:634 arg1 glycine 662:668 glycine 662:668 glycine 662:668 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 72 theme amino 630:634 arg1 acids 636:640 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine 626:698 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine 626:698 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 72 theme amino 630:634 arg1 acid 680:683 glutamic acid 671:683 glutamic acid 671:683 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 72 theme amino 630:634 arg1 ornithine 642:650 ornithine 642:650 ornithine 642:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 15 73 theme strain 1928:1933 arg1 MUSC 1935:1938 strain MUSC 115 1928:1942 strain MUSC 115(T) 1928:1945 Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 15 73 theme strain 1928:1933 arg1 T 1944:1944 T 1944:1944 T 1944:1944 Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 9 74 theme major 1005:1009 arg1 acids 1017:1021 The major fatty acids 1001:1021 The major fatty acids of the cell membrane 1001:1042 The major fatty acids of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25056298 9 74 theme major 1005:1009 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1049:1061 anteiso-C15:0 1049:1061 anteiso-C15:0 1049:1061 The major fatty acids of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25056298 13 75 theme strain 1689:1694 arg1 MUSC 1696:1699 strain MUSC 115 1689:1703 strain MUSC 115(T) 1689:1706 Furthermore, BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison also indicated that strain MUSC 115(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25056298 13 75 theme strain 1689:1694 arg1 T 1705:1705 T 1705:1705 T 1705:1705 Furthermore, BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison also indicated that strain MUSC 115(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25056298 12 76 theme DNA-DNA 1513:1519 arg1 % 1546:1546 less than 24% 1534:1546 less than 24% 1534:1546 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 12 76 theme DNA-DNA 1513:1519 arg1 relatedness 1521:1531 DNA-DNA relatedness 1513:1531 DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species 1513:1622 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 5 77 dep acids 636:640 arg1 alanine 653:659 alanine 653:659 alanine 653:659 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 77 dep acids 636:640 arg1 homoserine 689:698 homoserine 689:698 homoserine 689:698 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 77 dep acids 636:640 arg1 glycine 662:668 glycine 662:668 glycine 662:668 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 77 dep acids 636:640 arg1 acids 636:640 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine 626:698 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine 626:698 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 77 dep acids 636:640 arg1 acid 680:683 glutamic acid 671:683 glutamic acid 671:683 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 77 dep acids 636:640 arg1 ornithine 642:650 ornithine 642:650 ornithine 642:650 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 9 78 theme cell 1030:1033 arg1 membrane 1035:1042 the cell membrane 1026:1042 the cell membrane 1026:1042 The major fatty acids of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25056298 5 79 theme glutamic 671:678 arg1 acid 680:683 glutamic acid 671:683 glutamic acid 671:683 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 5 79 theme glutamic 671:678 arg1 acids 636:640 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine 626:698 the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine 626:698 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. 25056298 2 80 from state 186:190 arg1 soil 146:149 mangrove soil 137:149 mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 137:221 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 14 81 theme mol 1788:1790 arg1 % 1791:1791 70.9 ± 0.7 mol% 1777:1791 70.9 ± 0.7 mol% 1777:1791 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 14 81 theme mol 1788:1790 arg1 content 1754:1760 The DNA G+C content 1742:1760 The DNA G+C content determined 1742:1771 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 0 82 theme mangrovi 15:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Microbacterium mangrovi sp 0:25 Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 0:26 Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 1 83 theme forest 87:92 arg1 soil 94:97 mangrove forest soil 78:97 mangrove forest soil 78:97 nov., an amylolytic actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25056298 17 84 theme type 2072:2075 arg1 strain 2077:2082 The type strain 2068:2082 The type strain 2068:2082 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 17 84 theme type 2072:2075 arg1 115 2092:2094 MUSC 115 2087:2094 MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)) 2087:2150 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 11 85 theme sequence 1233:1240 arg1 similarity 1242:1251 the highest sequence similarity 1221:1251 the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) 1221:1366 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 17 86 dep NBRC 2136:2139 arg1 T 2148:2148 T 2148:2148 T 2148:2148 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 8 87 theme polar 817:821 arg1 lipids 823:828 The polar lipids 813:828 The polar lipids 813:828 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified lipids, three unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified glycolipids. 25056298 3 88 theme different 346:354 arg1 media 361:365 different agar media 346:365 different agar media 346:365 Cells of this strain stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming, short rods that formed yellowish-white colonies on different agar media. 25056298 4 89 theme properties 508:517 arg1 range 467:471 a range 465:471 a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium 465:567 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 14 90 theme M. 1822:1823 arg1 SK 1839:1840 M. immunditiarum SK 18 1822:1843 M. immunditiarum SK 18(T) 1822:1846 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 14 90 theme M. 1822:1823 arg1 T 1845:1845 T 1845:1845 T 1845:1845 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 13 91 theme BOX-PCR 1638:1644 arg1 comparison 1658:1667 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison 1638:1667 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison 1638:1667 Furthermore, BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison also indicated that strain MUSC 115(T) represented a unique DNA profile. 25056298 10 92 theme whole-cell 1086:1095 arg1 sugars 1097:1102 The whole-cell sugars 1082:1102 The whole-cell sugars detected 1082:1111 The whole-cell sugars detected were ribose, glucose, mannose and galactose. 25056298 10 92 theme whole-cell 1086:1095 arg1 ribose 1118:1123 ribose 1118:1123 ribose 1118:1123 The whole-cell sugars detected were ribose, glucose, mannose and galactose. 25056298 11 93 theme gene 1180:1183 arg1 sequence 1185:1192 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1167:1192 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1167:1192 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 11 94 theme species 1418:1424 arg1 strains 1401:1407 strains 1401:1407 strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium 1401:1452 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 14 95 theme DNA 1746:1748 arg1 % 1791:1791 70.9 ± 0.7 mol% 1777:1791 70.9 ± 0.7 mol% 1777:1791 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 14 95 theme DNA 1746:1748 arg1 content 1754:1760 The DNA G+C content 1742:1760 The DNA G+C content determined 1742:1771 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9 ± 0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18(T). 25056298 2 96 attach isolated 123:130 arg2 MUSC 107:110 Strain MUSC 115 100:114 Strain MUSC 115(T) 100:117 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 2 96 attach isolated 123:130 arg2 T 116:116 T 116:116 T 116:116 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 2 96 attach isolated 123:130 arg1 soil 146:149 mangrove soil 137:149 mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 137:221 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 12 97 theme species 1616:1622 arg1 MUSC 1564:1567 strain MUSC 115 1557:1571 strain MUSC 115(T) 1557:1574 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 12 97 theme species 1616:1622 arg1 strains 1589:1595 the type strains 1580:1595 the type strains of closely related species 1580:1622 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 12 97 theme species 1616:1622 arg1 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (less than 24%) between strain MUSC 115(T) and the type strains of closely related species. 25056298 17 98 theme 28240 2125:2129 arg1 NBRC 2136:2139 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25056298 4 99 theme genus 548:552 arg1 Microbacterium 554:567 the genus Microbacterium 544:567 the genus Microbacterium 544:567 The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 2 100 theme Lumpur 166:171 arg1 river 173:177 the Tanjung Lumpur river 154:177 the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 154:221 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 11 101 theme Microbacterium 1439:1452 arg1 species 1418:1424 other species 1412:1424 other species of the genus Microbacterium 1412:1452 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18(T) (98.1%), M. ulmi XIL02(T) (97.8%) and M. arborescens DSM 20754(T) (97.5%) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium. 25056298 15 102 theme Microbacterium 2022:2035 arg1 sp 2046:2047 the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp 2013:2047 the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp 2013:2047 Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. 25056298 2 103 from soil 146:149 arg1 state 186:190 the state 182:190 the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 182:221 Strain MUSC 115(T) was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. 25056298 17 104 theme T 2131:2131 arg1 NBRC 2136:2139 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089 2101:2146 The type strain is MUSC 115(T) ( = MCCC 1K00251(T) = DSM 28240(T) = NBRC 110089(T)). 25465551 1 0 theme inflammatory 366:377 arg1 responses 391:399 inflammatory acute phase responses 366:399 inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 366:444 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 6 1 dep FA 1190:1191 arg1 to 1183:1184 to 1183:1184 to 1183:1184 Altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 FA was reflected in changes in the FA composition of plasma and milk fat. 25465551 8 2 theme LPS 1655:1657 arg1 challenge 1659:1667 the LPS challenge 1651:1667 the LPS challenge 1651:1667 After the LPS challenge, concentrations of IL-6 in plasma increased as the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA increased (112.5, 353.4, and 365.1±86.6pg/mL for R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 1 3 theme phase 385:389 arg1 responses 391:399 inflammatory acute phase responses 366:399 inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 366:444 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 7 4 dep lactose 1604:1610 arg1 2.19 1619:1622 2.19 1619:1622 2.19 1619:1622 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 4 dep lactose 1604:1610 arg1 2.29±0.04kg/d 1629:1641 2.29±0.04kg/d 1629:1641 2.29±0.04kg/d 1629:1641 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 4 dep lactose 1604:1610 arg1 2.12 1613:1616 2.12 1613:1616 2.12 1613:1616 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 3 5 dep n-3 782:784 arg1 to 779:780 to 779:780 to 779:780 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 1 6 theme n-6 245:247 arg1 FA 270:271 FA 270:271 FA 270:271 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 1 6 theme n-6 245:247 arg1 acids 263:267 n-6 and n-3 fatty acids 245:267 acids 263:267 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 7 7 theme true 1549:1552 arg1 protein 1554:1560 milk true protein 1544:1560 milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d) 1544:1592 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 1 8 from acids 263:267 arg1 diet 281:284 the diet 277:284 the diet 277:284 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 5 9 theme gland 1095:1099 arg1 quarter 1072:1078 one quarter 1068:1078 one quarter of the mammary gland 1068:1099 On d 75 postpartum, cows received an infusion of 10µg of LPS into one quarter of the mammary gland to evaluate inflammatory acute phase responses. 25465551 2 10 theme d 525:525 arg1 postpartum 530:539 d 10 postpartum 525:539 d 10 postpartum 525:539 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum; treatments lasted for 90d. 25465551 5 11 theme acute 1126:1130 arg1 responses 1138:1146 inflammatory acute phase responses 1113:1146 inflammatory acute phase responses 1113:1146 On d 75 postpartum, cows received an infusion of 10µg of LPS into one quarter of the mammary gland to evaluate inflammatory acute phase responses. 25465551 9 12 theme body 1837:1840 arg1 temperature 1842:1852 body temperature 1837:1852 body temperature 1837:1852 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count were greater for cows fed R5 compared with those fed R4 or R6 (41.3, 40.8, and 40.8±0.2°C; 4.33, 3.68, and 3.58±0.25×10(6)/mL, for R5, R4, and R6, respectively). 25465551 9 13 dep R4 1930:1931 arg1 4.33 1968:1971 4.33 1968:1971 4.33 1968:1971 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count were greater for cows fed R5 compared with those fed R4 or R6 (41.3, 40.8, and 40.8±0.2°C; 4.33, 3.68, and 3.58±0.25×10(6)/mL, for R5, R4, and R6, respectively). 25465551 9 13 dep R4 1930:1931 arg1 40.8 1946:1949 40.8 1946:1949 40.8 1946:1949 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count were greater for cows fed R5 compared with those fed R4 or R6 (41.3, 40.8, and 40.8±0.2°C; 4.33, 3.68, and 3.58±0.25×10(6)/mL, for R5, R4, and R6, respectively). 25465551 9 13 dep R4 1930:1931 arg1 41.3 1940:1943 41.3 1940:1943 41.3 1940:1943 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count were greater for cows fed R5 compared with those fed R4 or R6 (41.3, 40.8, and 40.8±0.2°C; 4.33, 3.68, and 3.58±0.25×10(6)/mL, for R5, R4, and R6, respectively). 25465551 1 14 theme dairy 326:330 arg1 cows 332:335 lactating dairy cows 316:335 lactating dairy cows 316:335 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 2 15 theme milk 502:505 arg1 yield 507:511 milk yield 502:511 milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum 502:539 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum; treatments lasted for 90d. 25465551 4 16 theme study 909:913 arg1 wk 899:900 the first 5 wk 887:900 the first 5 wk of the study 887:913 During the first 5 wk of the study, blood was sampled weekly and analyzed for concentrations of metabolites and hormones. 25465551 9 17 theme cell 1866:1869 arg1 count 1871:1875 somatic cell count 1858:1875 somatic cell count 1858:1875 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count were greater for cows fed R5 compared with those fed R4 or R6 (41.3, 40.8, and 40.8±0.2°C; 4.33, 3.68, and 3.58±0.25×10(6)/mL, for R5, R4, and R6, respectively). 25465551 6 18 theme fat 1259:1261 arg1 composition 1228:1238 the FA composition 1221:1238 the FA composition of plasma and milk fat 1221:1261 Altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 FA was reflected in changes in the FA composition of plasma and milk fat. 25465551 5 19 theme phase 1132:1136 arg1 responses 1138:1146 inflammatory acute phase responses 1113:1146 inflammatory acute phase responses 1113:1146 On d 75 postpartum, cows received an infusion of 10µg of LPS into one quarter of the mammary gland to evaluate inflammatory acute phase responses. 25465551 7 20 theme milk 1599:1602 arg1 lactose 1604:1610 milk lactose 1599:1610 milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d) 1599:1642 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 1 21 from effects 207:213 arg1 responses 391:399 inflammatory acute phase responses 366:399 inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 366:444 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 1 21 from effects 207:213 arg1 performance 350:360 lactation performance 340:360 lactation performance 340:360 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 12 22 theme same 2313:2316 arg1 quantity 2318:2325 the same quantity 2309:2325 the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows 2309:2373 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 3 23 theme palm 733:736 arg1 oils 738:741 fish, safflower, and palm oils 712:741 oils 738:741 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 2 24 theme dietary 593:599 arg1 treatments 601:610 1 of 3 dietary treatments 586:610 1 of 3 dietary treatments 586:610 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum; treatments lasted for 90d. 25465551 3 25 theme Ca 700:701 arg1 salts 703:707 Ca salts 700:707 Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils 700:741 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 0 26 theme fatty 52:56 arg1 acids 58:62 n-3 fatty acids 48:62 n-3 fatty acids 48:62 Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on performance and inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows. 25465551 3 27 theme FA 845:846 arg1 part 833:836 n-6 to 1 part 824:836 n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA 824:846 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 0 28 from Effects 0:6 arg1 performance 67:77 performance 67:77 performance 67:77 Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on performance and inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows. 25465551 0 28 from Effects 0:6 arg1 responses 96:104 inflammatory responses 83:104 inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows 83:165 Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on performance and inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows. 25465551 7 29 theme fat 1507:1509 arg1 yields 1436:1441 yields 1436:1441 yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d) 1436:1642 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 6 30 from changes 1210:1216 arg1 composition 1228:1238 the FA composition 1221:1238 the FA composition of plasma and milk fat 1221:1261 Altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 FA was reflected in changes in the FA composition of plasma and milk fat. 25465551 7 31 dep milk 1465:1468 arg1 45.4 1477:1480 45.4 1477:1480 45.4 1477:1480 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 31 dep milk 1465:1468 arg1 48.0±0.8kg/d 1487:1498 48.0±0.8kg/d 1487:1498 48.0±0.8kg/d 1487:1498 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 31 dep milk 1465:1468 arg1 43.4 1471:1474 43.4 1471:1474 43.4 1471:1474 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 6 32 theme FA 1225:1226 arg1 composition 1228:1238 the FA composition 1221:1238 the FA composition of plasma and milk fat 1221:1261 Altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 FA was reflected in changes in the FA composition of plasma and milk fat. 25465551 11 33 theme oxidative 2139:2147 arg1 burst 2149:2153 oxidative burst 2139:2153 oxidative burst 2139:2153 Phagocytosis and oxidative burst by neutrophils collected from circulation were unaffected by dietary treatment in the first 48h after intramammary LPS infusion. 25465551 7 34 theme dry 1324:1326 arg1 intake 1335:1340 dry matter intake 1324:1340 dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively) 1324:1404 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 5 35 theme 10µg 1051:1054 arg1 infusion 1039:1046 an infusion 1036:1046 an infusion of 10µg of LPS into one quarter of the mammary gland 1036:1099 On d 75 postpartum, cows received an infusion of 10µg of LPS into one quarter of the mammary gland to evaluate inflammatory acute phase responses. 25465551 12 36 theme early 2348:2352 arg1 cows 2370:2373 early lactation dairy cows 2348:2373 early lactation dairy cows 2348:2373 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 7 37 from increases 1423:1431 arg1 yields 1436:1441 yields 1436:1441 yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d) 1436:1642 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 1 38 theme fatty 257:261 arg1 FA 270:271 FA 270:271 FA 270:271 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 1 38 theme fatty 257:261 arg1 acids 263:267 n-6 and n-3 fatty acids 245:267 acids 263:267 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 8 39 theme FA 1740:1741 arg1 ratio 1720:1724 the ratio 1716:1724 the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA 1716:1741 After the LPS challenge, concentrations of IL-6 in plasma increased as the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA increased (112.5, 353.4, and 365.1±86.6pg/mL for R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 2 40 from d 518:518 arg1 yield 507:511 milk yield 502:511 milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum 502:539 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum; treatments lasted for 90d. 25465551 0 41 theme dietary 33:39 arg1 ratio 24:28 the ratio 20:28 the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids 20:62 Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on performance and inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows. 25465551 5 42 theme mammary 1087:1093 arg1 gland 1095:1099 the mammary gland 1083:1099 the mammary gland 1083:1099 On d 75 postpartum, cows received an infusion of 10µg of LPS into one quarter of the mammary gland to evaluate inflammatory acute phase responses. 25465551 7 43 theme fat-corrected 1451:1463 arg1 milk 1465:1468 3.5% fat-corrected milk 1446:1468 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d) 1446:1499 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 44 theme concurrent 1412:1421 arg1 increases 1423:1431 concurrent increases 1412:1431 concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d) 1412:1642 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 5 45 theme LPS 1059:1061 arg1 10µg 1051:1054 10µg 1051:1054 10µg of LPS 1051:1061 On d 75 postpartum, cows received an infusion of 10µg of LPS into one quarter of the mammary gland to evaluate inflammatory acute phase responses. 25465551 6 46 theme dietary 1171:1177 arg1 FA 1190:1191 dietary n-6 to n-3 FA 1171:1191 dietary n-6 to n-3 FA 1171:1191 Altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 FA was reflected in changes in the FA composition of plasma and milk fat. 25465551 2 47 dep blocked 485:491 arg1 based 493:497 based 493:497 were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum 480:539 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum; treatments lasted for 90d. 25465551 2 47 dep blocked 485:491 arg1 assigned 565:572 assigned 565:572 assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum 565:628 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum; treatments lasted for 90d. 25465551 12 48 theme polyunsaturated 2405:2419 arg1 FA 2421:2422 the polyunsaturated FA 2401:2422 the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families 2401:2449 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 8 49 dep increased 1703:1711 arg1 353.4 1761:1765 353.4 1761:1765 353.4 1761:1765 After the LPS challenge, concentrations of IL-6 in plasma increased as the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA increased (112.5, 353.4, and 365.1±86.6pg/mL for R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 8 49 dep increased 1703:1711 arg1 365.1±86.6pg/mL 1772:1786 365.1±86.6pg/mL 1772:1786 365.1±86.6pg/mL 1772:1786 After the LPS challenge, concentrations of IL-6 in plasma increased as the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA increased (112.5, 353.4, and 365.1±86.6pg/mL for R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 8 49 dep increased 1703:1711 arg1 112.5 1754:1758 112.5 1754:1758 112.5 1754:1758 After the LPS challenge, concentrations of IL-6 in plasma increased as the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA increased (112.5, 353.4, and 365.1±86.6pg/mL for R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 11 50 theme first 2241:2245 arg1 48h 2247:2249 the first 48h 2237:2249 the first 48h after intramammary LPS infusion 2237:2281 Phagocytosis and oxidative burst by neutrophils collected from circulation were unaffected by dietary treatment in the first 48h after intramammary LPS infusion. 25465551 1 51 theme acute 379:383 arg1 responses 391:399 inflammatory acute phase responses 366:399 inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 366:444 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 12 52 theme cows 2370:2373 arg1 diet 2340:2343 the diet 2336:2343 the diet of early lactation dairy cows 2336:2373 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 12 53 theme dairy 2364:2368 arg1 cows 2370:2373 early lactation dairy cows 2348:2373 early lactation dairy cows 2348:2373 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 0 54 from challenge 130:138 arg1 cows 162:165 lactating Holstein cows 143:165 lactating Holstein cows 143:165 Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on performance and inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows. 25465551 7 55 theme protein 1554:1560 arg1 yields 1436:1441 yields 1436:1441 yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d) 1436:1642 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 9 56 dep R5 1903:1904 arg1 compared 1906:1913 compared 1906:1913 compared with those fed R4 or R6 (41.3, 40.8, and 40.8±0.2°C; 4.33, 3.68, and 3.58±0.25×10(6)/mL, for R5, R4, and R6, respectively) 1906:2036 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count were greater for cows fed R5 compared with those fed R4 or R6 (41.3, 40.8, and 40.8±0.2°C; 4.33, 3.68, and 3.58±0.25×10(6)/mL, for R5, R4, and R6, respectively). 25465551 7 57 theme milk 1544:1547 arg1 protein 1554:1560 milk true protein 1544:1560 milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d) 1544:1592 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 58 theme FA 1297:1298 arg1 ratio 1277:1281 the ratio 1273:1281 the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA 1273:1298 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 5 59 theme inflammatory 1113:1124 arg1 responses 1138:1146 inflammatory acute phase responses 1113:1146 inflammatory acute phase responses 1113:1146 On d 75 postpartum, cows received an infusion of 10µg of LPS into one quarter of the mammary gland to evaluate inflammatory acute phase responses. 25465551 12 60 theme lactation 2354:2362 arg1 cows 2370:2373 early lactation dairy cows 2348:2373 early lactation dairy cows 2348:2373 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 8 61 theme IL-6 1688:1691 arg1 concentrations 1670:1683 concentrations 1670:1683 concentrations of IL-6 in plasma 1670:1701 After the LPS challenge, concentrations of IL-6 in plasma increased as the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA increased (112.5, 353.4, and 365.1±86.6pg/mL for R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 0 62 theme lipopolysaccharide 111:128 arg1 challenge 130:138 a lipopolysaccharide challenge 109:138 a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows 109:165 Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on performance and inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows. 25465551 3 63 dep supplemented 669:680 arg1 R6 861:862 R6 861:862 R6 861:862 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 3 63 dep supplemented 669:680 arg1 R5 853:854 R5 853:854 R5 853:854 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 9 64 theme temperature 1842:1852 arg1 Elevations 1823:1832 Elevations 1823:1832 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count 1823:1875 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count were greater for cows fed R5 compared with those fed R4 or R6 (41.3, 40.8, and 40.8±0.2°C; 4.33, 3.68, and 3.58±0.25×10(6)/mL, for R5, R4, and R6, respectively). 25465551 6 65 theme FA 1190:1191 arg1 ratio 1162:1166 the ratio 1158:1166 the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 FA 1158:1191 Altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 FA was reflected in changes in the FA composition of plasma and milk fat. 25465551 12 66 theme inflammatory 2488:2499 arg1 responses 2501:2509 inflammatory responses 2488:2509 inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge 2488:2529 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 9 67 theme somatic 1858:1864 arg1 count 1871:1875 somatic cell count 1858:1875 somatic cell count 1858:1875 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count were greater for cows fed R5 compared with those fed R4 or R6 (41.3, 40.8, and 40.8±0.2°C; 4.33, 3.68, and 3.58±0.25×10(6)/mL, for R5, R4, and R6, respectively). 25465551 10 68 theme Haptoglobin 2039:2049 arg1 concentration 2051:2063 Haptoglobin concentration 2039:2063 Haptoglobin concentration 2039:2063 Haptoglobin concentration was greatest at 24h after LPS challenge for cows fed R6. 25465551 7 69 dep protein 1554:1560 arg1 1.28 1569:1572 1.28 1569:1572 1.28 1569:1572 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 69 dep protein 1554:1560 arg1 1.32±0.02kg/d 1579:1591 1.32±0.02kg/d 1579:1591 1.32±0.02kg/d 1579:1591 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 69 dep protein 1554:1560 arg1 1.24 1563:1566 1.24 1563:1566 1.24 1563:1566 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 70 dep intake 1335:1340 arg1 26.1±0.5kg/d 1359:1370 24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d 1343:1370 24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively 1343:1403 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 71 theme milk 1502:1505 arg1 fat 1507:1509 milk fat 1502:1509 milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d) 1502:1541 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 8 72 dep n-3 1736:1738 arg1 to 1733:1734 to 1733:1734 to 1733:1734 After the LPS challenge, concentrations of IL-6 in plasma increased as the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA increased (112.5, 353.4, and 365.1±86.6pg/mL for R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 0 73 theme Holstein 153:160 arg1 cows 162:165 lactating Holstein cows 143:165 lactating Holstein cows 143:165 Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on performance and inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows. 25465551 1 74 theme lactation 340:348 arg1 performance 350:360 lactation performance 340:360 lactation performance 340:360 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 9 75 theme count 1871:1875 arg1 Elevations 1823:1832 Elevations 1823:1832 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count 1823:1875 Elevations of body temperature and somatic cell count were greater for cows fed R5 compared with those fed R4 or R6 (41.3, 40.8, and 40.8±0.2°C; 4.33, 3.68, and 3.58±0.25×10(6)/mL, for R5, R4, and R6, respectively). 25465551 6 76 theme milk 1254:1257 arg1 fat 1259:1261 milk fat 1254:1261 milk fat 1254:1261 Altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 FA was reflected in changes in the FA composition of plasma and milk fat. 25465551 3 77 theme safflower 718:726 arg1 salts 703:707 Ca salts 700:707 Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils 700:741 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 12 78 dep families 2442:2449 arg1 to 2435:2436 to 2435:2436 to 2435:2436 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 4 79 theme first 891:895 arg1 wk 899:900 the first 5 wk 887:900 the first 5 wk of the study 887:913 During the first 5 wk of the study, blood was sampled weekly and analyzed for concentrations of metabolites and hormones. 25465551 7 80 theme lactose 1604:1610 arg1 yields 1436:1441 yields 1436:1441 yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d) 1436:1642 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 5 81 theme d 1005:1005 arg1 postpartum 1010:1019 d 75 postpartum 1005:1019 d 75 postpartum 1005:1019 On d 75 postpartum, cows received an infusion of 10µg of LPS into one quarter of the mammary gland to evaluate inflammatory acute phase responses. 25465551 12 82 theme LPS 2517:2519 arg1 challenge 2521:2529 an LPS challenge 2514:2529 an LPS challenge 2514:2529 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 0 83 theme n-3 48:50 arg1 acids 58:62 n-3 fatty acids 48:62 n-3 fatty acids 48:62 Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on performance and inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows. 25465551 8 84 from concentrations 1670:1683 arg1 plasma 1696:1701 plasma 1696:1701 plasma 1696:1701 After the LPS challenge, concentrations of IL-6 in plasma increased as the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA increased (112.5, 353.4, and 365.1±86.6pg/mL for R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 6 85 theme plasma 1243:1248 arg1 composition 1228:1238 the FA composition 1221:1238 the FA composition of plasma and milk fat 1221:1261 Altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 FA was reflected in changes in the FA composition of plasma and milk fat. 25465551 3 86 theme fish 712:715 arg1 safflower 718:726 fish, safflower, and palm oils 712:741 safflower 718:726 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 7 87 dep R4 1311:1312 arg1 R6 1305:1306 R6 1305:1306 R6 1305:1306 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 12 88 from quantity 2318:2325 arg1 diet 2340:2343 the diet 2336:2343 the diet of early lactation dairy cows 2336:2373 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 7 89 dep n-3 1293:1295 arg1 to 1290:1291 to 1290:1291 to 1290:1291 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 11 90 theme LPS 2270:2272 arg1 infusion 2274:2281 intramammary LPS infusion 2257:2281 intramammary LPS infusion 2257:2281 Phagocytosis and oxidative burst by neutrophils collected from circulation were unaffected by dietary treatment in the first 48h after intramammary LPS infusion. 25465551 3 91 theme oils 738:741 arg1 salts 703:707 Ca salts 700:707 Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils 700:741 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 12 92 theme families 2442:2449 arg1 FA 2421:2422 the polyunsaturated FA 2401:2422 the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families 2401:2449 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 11 93 theme intramammary 2257:2268 arg1 infusion 2274:2281 intramammary LPS infusion 2257:2281 intramammary LPS infusion 2257:2281 Phagocytosis and oxidative burst by neutrophils collected from circulation were unaffected by dietary treatment in the first 48h after intramammary LPS infusion. 25465551 3 94 theme salts 703:707 arg1 mixture 689:695 a mixture 687:695 a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils 687:741 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 3 95 theme part 833:836 arg1 parts 815:819 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts 798:819 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA 798:846 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 0 96 theme lactating 143:151 arg1 cows 162:165 lactating Holstein cows 143:165 lactating Holstein cows 143:165 Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on performance and inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows. 25465551 2 97 theme Holstein 459:466 arg1 n=45 474:477 n=45 474:477 n=45 474:477 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum; treatments lasted for 90d. 25465551 2 97 theme Holstein 459:466 arg1 cows 468:471 Multiparous Holstein cows 447:471 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) 447:478 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum; treatments lasted for 90d. 25465551 10 98 theme LPS 2091:2093 arg1 challenge 2095:2103 LPS challenge 2091:2103 LPS challenge for cows fed R6 2091:2119 Haptoglobin concentration was greatest at 24h after LPS challenge for cows fed R6. 25465551 0 99 theme inflammatory 83:94 arg1 responses 96:104 inflammatory responses 83:104 inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows 83:165 Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on performance and inflammatory responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in lactating Holstein cows. 25465551 3 100 theme different 755:763 arg1 ratios 765:770 3 different ratios 753:770 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA 753:787 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 2 101 theme Multiparous 447:457 arg1 n=45 474:477 n=45 474:477 n=45 474:477 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum; treatments lasted for 90d. 25465551 2 101 theme Multiparous 447:457 arg1 cows 468:471 Multiparous Holstein cows 447:471 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) 447:478 Multiparous Holstein cows (n=45) were blocked based on milk yield from d 6 to d 10 postpartum and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14d postpartum; treatments lasted for 90d. 25465551 3 102 dep part 833:836 arg1 to 828:829 to 828:829 to 828:829 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 1 103 theme FA 310:311 arg1 ratio 231:235 the ratio 227:235 the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet 227:284 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 1 103 theme FA 310:311 arg1 intake 294:299 the intake 290:299 the intake of these FA 290:311 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 7 104 theme matter 1328:1333 arg1 intake 1335:1340 dry matter intake 1324:1340 dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively) 1324:1404 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 105 dep fat 1507:1509 arg1 1.60 1518:1521 1.60 1518:1521 1.60 1518:1521 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 105 dep fat 1507:1509 arg1 1.71±0.03kg/d 1528:1540 1.71±0.03kg/d 1528:1540 1.71±0.03kg/d 1528:1540 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 105 dep fat 1507:1509 arg1 1.53 1512:1515 1.53 1512:1515 1.53 1512:1515 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 1 106 with challenge 406:414 arg1 LPS 441:443 LPS 441:443 LPS 441:443 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 1 106 with challenge 406:414 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 421:438 lipopolysaccharide 421:438 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 421:444 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 1 107 theme lactating 316:324 arg1 cows 332:335 lactating dairy cows 316:335 lactating dairy cows 316:335 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 1 108 theme n-3 253:255 arg1 FA 270:271 FA 270:271 FA 270:271 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 1 108 theme n-3 253:255 arg1 acids 263:267 n-6 and n-3 fatty acids 245:267 acids 263:267 The study was designed to evaluate the effects of altering the ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet and the intake of these FA by lactating dairy cows on lactation performance and inflammatory acute phase responses to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 25465551 11 109 theme dietary 2216:2222 arg1 treatment 2224:2232 dietary treatment 2216:2232 dietary treatment 2216:2232 Phagocytosis and oxidative burst by neutrophils collected from circulation were unaffected by dietary treatment in the first 48h after intramammary LPS infusion. 25465551 12 110 theme FA 2330:2331 arg1 quantity 2318:2325 the same quantity 2309:2325 the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows 2309:2373 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 12 111 theme lactation 2462:2470 arg1 performance 2472:2482 lactation performance 2462:2482 lactation performance 2462:2482 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 25465551 7 112 theme milk 1465:1468 arg1 yields 1436:1441 yields 1436:1441 yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d) 1436:1642 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 7 113 theme 3.5 1446:1448 arg1 % 1449:1449 % 1449:1449 % 1449:1449 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 4 114 theme metabolites 976:986 arg1 concentrations 958:971 concentrations 958:971 concentrations of metabolites and hormones 958:999 During the first 5 wk of the study, blood was sampled weekly and analyzed for concentrations of metabolites and hormones. 25465551 7 115 theme % 1449:1449 arg1 milk 1465:1468 3.5% fat-corrected milk 1446:1468 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d) 1446:1499 Reducing the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA from R6 to R4 increased dry matter intake (24.7, 24.6, and 26.1±0.5kg/d for R6, R5, and R4, respectively), with concurrent increases in yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (43.4, 45.4, and 48.0±0.8kg/d), milk fat (1.53, 1.60, and 1.71±0.03kg/d), milk true protein (1.24, 1.28, and 1.32±0.02kg/d), and milk lactose (2.12, 2.19, and 2.29±0.04kg/d). 25465551 3 116 theme FA 786:787 arg1 ratios 765:770 3 different ratios 753:770 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA 753:787 Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 FA; namely, 3.9, 4.9, or 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA (R4, R5, and R6, respectively). 25465551 4 117 theme hormones 992:999 arg1 concentrations 958:971 concentrations 958:971 concentrations of metabolites and hormones 958:999 During the first 5 wk of the study, blood was sampled weekly and analyzed for concentrations of metabolites and hormones. 25465551 12 118 theme FA 2421:2422 arg1 ratio 2392:2396 the ratio 2388:2396 the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families 2388:2449 In conclusion, supplying the same quantity of FA in the diet of early lactation dairy cows but altering the ratio of the polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 to n-3 families influenced lactation performance and inflammatory responses to an LPS challenge. 26192807 6 0 theme Western 916:922 arg1 Blot 924:927 Western Blot 916:927 Western Blot 916:927 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 6 1 from assay 1065:1069 arg1 cells 1048:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 2 2 theme chemical 362:369 arg1 composition 371:381 the complex chemical composition 350:381 the complex chemical composition 350:381 However, it was difficult to systematically investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of action due to the complex chemical composition and the lack of an effective research approach. 26192807 7 3 theme kinases 1415:1421 arg1 kinase 1465:1470 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1434:1470 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1434:1476 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 3 theme kinases 1415:1421 arg1 p38 1514:1516 p38 1514:1516 p38 1514:1516 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 3 theme kinases 1415:1421 arg1 phosphorylations 1363:1378 the phosphorylations 1359:1378 the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) 1359:1590 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 3 theme kinases 1415:1421 arg1 kinase 1498:1503 c-jun NH2-terminal kinase 1479:1503 c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) 1479:1508 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 9 4 theme mediators 1777:1785 arg1 activation 1806:1815 the macrophage activation 1791:1815 the macrophage activation 1791:1815 Therefore, it can be concluded that RDN inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and the macrophage activation to treat URTIs via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which might pave a way to illustrate the molecular mechanism of herbs. 26192807 9 4 theme mediators 1777:1785 arg1 production 1750:1759 the production 1746:1759 the production of inflammatory mediators 1746:1785 Therefore, it can be concluded that RDN inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and the macrophage activation to treat URTIs via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which might pave a way to illustrate the molecular mechanism of herbs. 26192807 7 5 theme nitric 1122:1127 arg1 NO 1136:1137 NO 1136:1137 NO 1136:1137 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 5 theme nitric 1122:1127 arg1 oxide 1129:1133 nitric oxide 1122:1133 nitric oxide (NO) 1122:1138 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 3 6 theme Chinese 585:591 arg1 herbs 601:605 Chinese medical herbs 585:605 Chinese medical herbs 585:605 Fortunately, network pharmacology as an integrated approach was proposed to systematically investigate and explain the underlying molecular mechanisms of Chinese medical herbs. 26192807 7 7 theme MAP 1410:1412 arg1 kinases 1415:1421 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases 1383:1421 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases 1383:1421 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 4 8 theme upper 682:686 arg1 URTIs 718:722 URTIs 718:722 URTIs 718:722 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 4 8 theme upper 682:686 arg1 infections 706:715 upper respiratory tract infections 682:715 upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) 682:723 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 7 9 theme protein 1401:1407 arg1 kinases 1415:1421 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases 1383:1421 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases 1383:1421 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 4 10 theme tract 700:704 arg1 URTIs 718:722 URTIs 718:722 URTIs 718:722 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 4 10 theme tract 700:704 arg1 infections 706:715 upper respiratory tract infections 682:715 upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) 682:723 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 6 11 theme shift 984:988 arg1 assay 990:994 electrophoretic mobility shift assay 959:994 electrophoretic mobility shift assay 959:994 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 4 12 theme injections 654:663 arg1 one 636:638 one 636:638 one 636:638 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 4 12 theme injections 654:663 arg1 injections 654:663 the herbal injections 643:663 the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) 643:723 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 5 13 theme Previous 726:733 arg1 studies 735:741 Previous studies 726:741 Previous studies 726:741 Previous studies revealed the molecular mechanism of RDN on URTIs through network pharmacology. 26192807 5 14 from mechanism 766:774 arg1 URTIs 786:790 URTIs 786:790 URTIs through network pharmacology 786:819 Previous studies revealed the molecular mechanism of RDN on URTIs through network pharmacology. 26192807 3 15 theme herbs 601:605 arg1 mechanisms 571:580 the underlying molecular mechanisms 546:580 the underlying molecular mechanisms of Chinese medical herbs 546:605 Fortunately, network pharmacology as an integrated approach was proposed to systematically investigate and explain the underlying molecular mechanisms of Chinese medical herbs. 26192807 1 16 theme multi-components 194:209 arg1 effect 184:189 the synergistic effect 168:189 the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels 168:243 Chinese medical herbs could treat complex diseases through the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels. 26192807 6 17 theme electrophoretic 959:973 arg1 assay 990:994 electrophoretic mobility shift assay 959:994 electrophoretic mobility shift assay 959:994 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 7 18 theme E2 1155:1156 arg1 production 1108:1117 the production 1104:1117 the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1104:1212 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 1 19 theme multi-targets 212:224 arg1 effect 184:189 the synergistic effect 168:189 the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels 168:243 Chinese medical herbs could treat complex diseases through the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels. 26192807 1 20 theme Chinese 109:115 arg1 herbs 125:129 Chinese medical herbs 109:129 Chinese medical herbs 109:129 Chinese medical herbs could treat complex diseases through the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels. 26192807 7 21 theme cyclooxygenase-2 1288:1303 arg1 related 1329:1335 related 1329:1335 related 1329:1335 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 21 theme cyclooxygenase-2 1288:1303 arg1 expression 1239:1248 the protein expression 1227:1248 the protein expression 1227:1248 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 0 22 theme injection 49:57 arg1 mechanism 27:35 the molecular mechanism 13:35 the molecular mechanism of a herbal injection 13:57 Insight into the molecular mechanism of a herbal injection by integrating network pharmacology and in vitro. 26192807 8 23 theme COX-2 1682:1686 arg1 enzyme 1688:1693 COX-2 enzyme 1682:1693 COX-2 enzyme 1682:1693 In addition, the activity of RDN on PGE2 was also partly attributed to the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme. 26192807 9 24 theme signaling 1885:1893 arg1 pathways 1895:1902 NF-κB signaling pathways 1879:1902 NF-κB signaling pathways 1879:1902 Therefore, it can be concluded that RDN inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and the macrophage activation to treat URTIs via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which might pave a way to illustrate the molecular mechanism of herbs. 26192807 5 25 theme molecular 756:764 arg1 mechanism 766:774 the molecular mechanism 752:774 the molecular mechanism of RDN on URTIs through network pharmacology 752:819 Previous studies revealed the molecular mechanism of RDN on URTIs through network pharmacology. 26192807 2 26 theme effective 402:410 arg1 approach 421:428 an effective research approach 399:428 an effective research approach 399:428 However, it was difficult to systematically investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of action due to the complex chemical composition and the lack of an effective research approach. 26192807 7 27 theme interleukin-6 1166:1178 arg1 production 1108:1117 the production 1104:1117 the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1104:1212 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 5 28 theme RDN 779:781 arg1 mechanism 766:774 the molecular mechanism 752:774 the molecular mechanism of RDN on URTIs through network pharmacology 752:819 Previous studies revealed the molecular mechanism of RDN on URTIs through network pharmacology. 26192807 6 29 theme enzyme 1058:1063 arg1 assay 1065:1069 enzyme assay 1058:1069 enzyme assay 1058:1069 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 7 30 theme nuclear 1566:1572 arg1 NF-κB 1585:1589 NF-κB 1585:1589 NF-κB 1585:1589 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 30 theme nuclear 1566:1572 arg1 factor-κB 1574:1582 nuclear factor-κB 1566:1582 nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) 1566:1590 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 31 theme synthetase 1266:1275 arg1 related 1329:1335 related 1329:1335 related 1329:1335 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 31 theme synthetase 1266:1275 arg1 expression 1239:1248 the protein expression 1227:1248 the protein expression 1227:1248 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 6 32 from assay 990:994 arg1 cells 1048:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 2 33 theme approach 421:428 arg1 composition 371:381 the complex chemical composition 350:381 the complex chemical composition 350:381 However, it was difficult to systematically investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of action due to the complex chemical composition and the lack of an effective research approach. 26192807 2 33 theme approach 421:428 arg1 lack 391:394 the lack 387:394 the lack of an effective research approach 387:428 However, it was difficult to systematically investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of action due to the complex chemical composition and the lack of an effective research approach. 26192807 7 34 theme prostaglandin 1141:1153 arg1 PGE2 1159:1162 PGE2 1159:1162 PGE2 1159:1162 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 34 theme prostaglandin 1141:1153 arg1 E2 1155:1156 prostaglandin E2 1141:1156 prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 1141:1163 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 35 theme inducible 1253:1261 arg1 iNOS 1278:1281 iNOS 1278:1281 iNOS 1278:1281 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 35 theme inducible 1253:1261 arg1 synthetase 1266:1275 inducible NO synthetase 1253:1275 inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) 1253:1282 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 2 36 theme complex 354:360 arg1 composition 371:381 the complex chemical composition 350:381 the complex chemical composition 350:381 However, it was difficult to systematically investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of action due to the complex chemical composition and the lack of an effective research approach. 26192807 9 37 theme herbs 1969:1973 arg1 mechanism 1956:1964 the molecular mechanism 1942:1964 the molecular mechanism of herbs 1942:1973 Therefore, it can be concluded that RDN inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and the macrophage activation to treat URTIs via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which might pave a way to illustrate the molecular mechanism of herbs. 26192807 7 38 theme extracellular 1434:1446 arg1 kinase 1465:1470 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1434:1470 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1434:1476 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 38 theme extracellular 1434:1446 arg1 ERK 1473:1475 ERK 1473:1475 ERK 1473:1475 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 6 39 theme -induced 1030:1037 arg1 cells 1048:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 6 40 from Blot 924:927 arg1 cells 1048:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 7 41 theme oxide 1129:1133 arg1 production 1108:1117 the production 1104:1117 the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1104:1212 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 6 42 theme immunosorbent 887:899 arg1 ELISA 908:912 ELISA 908:912 ELISA 908:912 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 6 42 theme immunosorbent 887:899 arg1 assay 901:905 immunosorbent assay 887:905 immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 887:913 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 6 42 theme immunosorbent 887:899 arg1 EMSA 997:1000 EMSA 997:1000 EMSA 997:1000 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 9 43 theme inflammatory 1764:1775 arg1 mediators 1777:1785 inflammatory mediators 1764:1785 inflammatory mediators 1764:1785 Therefore, it can be concluded that RDN inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and the macrophage activation to treat URTIs via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which might pave a way to illustrate the molecular mechanism of herbs. 26192807 6 44 from assay 901:905 arg1 cells 1048:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 3 45 theme molecular 561:569 arg1 mechanisms 571:580 the underlying molecular mechanisms 546:580 the underlying molecular mechanisms of Chinese medical herbs 546:605 Fortunately, network pharmacology as an integrated approach was proposed to systematically investigate and explain the underlying molecular mechanisms of Chinese medical herbs. 26192807 7 46 theme mitogen-activated 1383:1399 arg1 kinases 1415:1421 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases 1383:1421 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases 1383:1421 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 9 47 theme macrophage 1795:1804 arg1 activation 1806:1815 the macrophage activation 1791:1815 the macrophage activation 1791:1815 Therefore, it can be concluded that RDN inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and the macrophage activation to treat URTIs via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which might pave a way to illustrate the molecular mechanism of herbs. 26192807 2 48 theme action 336:341 arg1 mechanisms 322:331 the pharmacological mechanisms 302:331 the pharmacological mechanisms of action due to the complex chemical composition and the lack of an effective research approach 302:428 However, it was difficult to systematically investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of action due to the complex chemical composition and the lack of an effective research approach. 26192807 1 49 theme synergistic 172:182 arg1 effect 184:189 the synergistic effect 168:189 the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels 168:243 Chinese medical herbs could treat complex diseases through the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels. 26192807 4 50 theme respiratory 688:698 arg1 URTIs 718:722 URTIs 718:722 URTIs 718:722 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 4 50 theme respiratory 688:698 arg1 infections 706:715 upper respiratory tract infections 682:715 upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) 682:723 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 3 51 theme medical 593:599 arg1 herbs 601:605 Chinese medical herbs 585:605 Chinese medical herbs 585:605 Fortunately, network pharmacology as an integrated approach was proposed to systematically investigate and explain the underlying molecular mechanisms of Chinese medical herbs. 26192807 8 52 theme RDN 1622:1624 arg1 activity 1610:1617 the activity 1606:1617 the activity of RDN on PGE2 1606:1632 In addition, the activity of RDN on PGE2 was also partly attributed to the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme. 26192807 6 53 theme mobility 975:982 arg1 assay 990:994 electrophoretic mobility shift assay 959:994 electrophoretic mobility shift assay 959:994 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 4 54 theme herbal 647:652 arg1 injections 654:663 the herbal injections 643:663 the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) 643:723 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 2 55 theme research 412:419 arg1 approach 421:428 an effective research approach 399:428 an effective research approach 399:428 However, it was difficult to systematically investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of action due to the complex chemical composition and the lack of an effective research approach. 26192807 6 56 theme immunofluorescence 930:947 arg1 assay 949:953 immunofluorescence assay 930:953 immunofluorescence assay 930:953 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 1 57 theme medical 117:123 arg1 herbs 125:129 Chinese medical herbs 109:129 Chinese medical herbs 109:129 Chinese medical herbs could treat complex diseases through the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels. 26192807 9 58 theme MAPK 1870:1873 arg1 activation 1856:1865 the activation 1852:1865 the activation 1852:1865 Therefore, it can be concluded that RDN inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and the macrophage activation to treat URTIs via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which might pave a way to illustrate the molecular mechanism of herbs. 26192807 7 59 theme interleukin-1β 1191:1204 arg1 production 1108:1117 the production 1104:1117 the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 1104:1212 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 60 from suppression 1344:1354 arg1 kinase 1465:1470 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1434:1470 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1434:1476 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 60 from suppression 1344:1354 arg1 p38 1514:1516 p38 1514:1516 p38 1514:1516 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 60 from suppression 1344:1354 arg1 phosphorylations 1363:1378 the phosphorylations 1359:1378 the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) 1359:1590 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 60 from suppression 1344:1354 arg1 kinase 1498:1503 c-jun NH2-terminal kinase 1479:1503 c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) 1479:1508 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 9 61 theme NF-κB 1879:1883 arg1 pathways 1895:1902 NF-κB signaling pathways 1879:1902 NF-κB signaling pathways 1879:1902 Therefore, it can be concluded that RDN inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and the macrophage activation to treat URTIs via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which might pave a way to illustrate the molecular mechanism of herbs. 26192807 4 62 theme infections 706:715 arg1 treatment 669:677 treatment 669:677 treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) 669:723 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 0 63 theme network 74:80 arg1 pharmacology 82:93 network pharmacology 74:93 network pharmacology 74:93 Insight into the molecular mechanism of a herbal injection by integrating network pharmacology and in vitro. 26192807 1 64 theme complex 143:149 arg1 diseases 151:158 complex diseases 143:158 complex diseases 143:158 Chinese medical herbs could treat complex diseases through the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels. 26192807 9 65 theme pathways 1895:1902 arg1 activation 1856:1865 the activation 1852:1865 the activation 1852:1865 Therefore, it can be concluded that RDN inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and the macrophage activation to treat URTIs via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which might pave a way to illustrate the molecular mechanism of herbs. 26192807 8 66 theme enzyme 1688:1693 arg1 inhibition 1668:1677 the inhibition 1664:1677 the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme 1664:1693 In addition, the activity of RDN on PGE2 was also partly attributed to the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme. 26192807 2 67 theme pharmacological 306:320 arg1 mechanisms 322:331 the pharmacological mechanisms 302:331 the pharmacological mechanisms of action due to the complex chemical composition and the lack of an effective research approach 302:428 However, it was difficult to systematically investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of action due to the complex chemical composition and the lack of an effective research approach. 26192807 7 68 theme NH2-terminal 1485:1496 arg1 JNK 1505:1507 JNK 1505:1507 JNK 1505:1507 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 68 theme NH2-terminal 1485:1496 arg1 kinase 1498:1503 c-jun NH2-terminal kinase 1479:1503 c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) 1479:1508 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 3 69 theme network 444:450 arg1 pharmacology 452:463 network pharmacology 444:463 network pharmacology as an integrated approach 444:489 Fortunately, network pharmacology as an integrated approach was proposed to systematically investigate and explain the underlying molecular mechanisms of Chinese medical herbs. 26192807 0 70 theme molecular 17:25 arg1 mechanism 27:35 the molecular mechanism 13:35 the molecular mechanism of a herbal injection 13:57 Insight into the molecular mechanism of a herbal injection by integrating network pharmacology and in vitro. 26192807 7 71 theme NO 1263:1264 arg1 iNOS 1278:1281 iNOS 1278:1281 iNOS 1278:1281 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 71 theme NO 1263:1264 arg1 synthetase 1266:1275 inducible NO synthetase 1253:1275 inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) 1253:1282 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 4 72 theme Reduning 608:615 arg1 RDN 628:630 RDN 628:630 RDN 628:630 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 4 72 theme Reduning 608:615 arg1 injection 617:625 Reduning injection 608:625 Reduning injection (RDN) 608:631 Reduning injection (RDN) is one of the herbal injections for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). 26192807 5 73 theme network 800:806 arg1 pharmacology 808:819 network pharmacology 800:819 network pharmacology 800:819 Previous studies revealed the molecular mechanism of RDN on URTIs through network pharmacology. 26192807 7 74 theme c-jun 1479:1483 arg1 JNK 1505:1507 JNK 1505:1507 JNK 1505:1507 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 74 theme c-jun 1479:1483 arg1 kinase 1498:1503 c-jun NH2-terminal kinase 1479:1503 c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) 1479:1508 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 75 theme factor-κB 1574:1582 arg1 translocation 1549:1561 translocation 1549:1561 translocation 1549:1561 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 75 theme factor-κB 1574:1582 arg1 activation 1534:1543 the activation 1530:1543 the activation 1530:1543 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 6 76 theme RAW264.7 1039:1046 arg1 cells 1048:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 9 77 theme molecular 1946:1954 arg1 mechanism 1956:1964 the molecular mechanism 1942:1964 the molecular mechanism of herbs 1942:1973 Therefore, it can be concluded that RDN inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and the macrophage activation to treat URTIs via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which might pave a way to illustrate the molecular mechanism of herbs. 26192807 8 78 from activity 1610:1617 arg1 PGE2 1629:1632 PGE2 1629:1632 PGE2 1629:1632 In addition, the activity of RDN on PGE2 was also partly attributed to the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme. 26192807 3 79 theme integrated 471:480 arg1 approach 482:489 an integrated approach 468:489 an integrated approach 468:489 Fortunately, network pharmacology as an integrated approach was proposed to systematically investigate and explain the underlying molecular mechanisms of Chinese medical herbs. 26192807 0 80 theme herbal 42:47 arg1 injection 49:57 a herbal injection 40:57 a herbal injection 40:57 Insight into the molecular mechanism of a herbal injection by integrating network pharmacology and in vitro. 26192807 7 81 theme protein 1231:1237 arg1 related 1329:1335 related 1329:1335 related 1329:1335 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 81 theme protein 1231:1237 arg1 expression 1239:1248 the protein expression 1227:1248 the protein expression 1227:1248 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 6 82 theme RDN 853:855 arg1 mechanism 840:848 the mechanism 836:848 the mechanism of RDN 836:855 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 6 83 from assay 949:953 arg1 cells 1048:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 1006:1052 In this work, the mechanism of RDN was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and enzyme assay. 26192807 1 84 theme multi-channels 230:243 arg1 effect 184:189 the synergistic effect 168:189 the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels 168:243 Chinese medical herbs could treat complex diseases through the synergistic effect of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels. 26192807 7 85 theme signal-regulated 1448:1463 arg1 kinase 1465:1470 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1434:1470 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1434:1476 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 7 85 theme signal-regulated 1448:1463 arg1 ERK 1473:1475 ERK 1473:1475 ERK 1473:1475 RDN dose-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and reduced the protein expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which could be related to its suppression on the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38, as well as the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). 26192807 3 86 theme underlying 550:559 arg1 mechanisms 571:580 the underlying molecular mechanisms 546:580 the underlying molecular mechanisms of Chinese medical herbs 546:605 Fortunately, network pharmacology as an integrated approach was proposed to systematically investigate and explain the underlying molecular mechanisms of Chinese medical herbs. 29022551 2 0 theme novel 88:92 arg1 bacterium 123:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium 86:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium 86:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 1 1 from sample 62:67 arg1 area 80:83 a karst area 72:83 a karst area 72:83 nov., isolated from a weathered limestone sample in a karst area. 29022551 12 2 theme DHS 1537:1539 arg1 C021T 1541:1545 DHS C021T 1537:1545 DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T) 1537:1574 The type strain is DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T). 29022551 12 2 theme DHS 1537:1539 arg1 39694T 1568:1573 =CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T 1548:1573 =CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T 1548:1573 The type strain is DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T). 29022551 12 2 theme DHS 1537:1539 arg1 strain 1527:1532 The type strain 1518:1532 The type strain 1518:1532 The type strain is DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T). 29022551 10 3 theme DHS 1403:1405 arg1 C021T 1407:1411 strain DHS C021T 1396:1411 strain DHS C021T 1396:1411 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 10 4 theme novel 1426:1430 arg1 species 1432:1438 a novel species 1424:1438 a novel species 1424:1438 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 12 5 theme type 1522:1525 arg1 C021T 1541:1545 DHS C021T 1537:1545 DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T) 1537:1574 The type strain is DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T). 29022551 12 5 theme type 1522:1525 arg1 strain 1527:1532 The type strain 1518:1532 The type strain 1518:1532 The type strain is DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T). 29022551 6 6 theme cellular 610:617 arg1 iso-C14  636:643 iso-C14  636:643 iso-C14  636:643 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29022551 6 6 theme cellular 610:617 arg1 acids 625:629 The major cellular fatty acids 600:629 The major cellular fatty acids 600:629 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29022551 3 7 theme vegetative 328:337 arg1 mycelia 339:345 branched vegetative mycelia 319:345 branched vegetative mycelia 319:345 This strain developed branched vegetative mycelia, and its aerial mycelia fragmented into rod-shaped spores. 29022551 8 8 theme CGMCC 1058:1062 arg1 4.1727T 1064:1070 Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T 1044:1070 Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) 1044:1079 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 8 theme CGMCC 1058:1062 arg1 % 1078:1078 98.8 % 1073:1078 98.8 % 1073:1078 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 9 theme Lentzea 1085:1091 arg1 4.1646T 1114:1120 Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T 1085:1120 Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %) 1085:1129 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 9 theme Lentzea 1085:1091 arg1 % 1128:1128 98.5 % 1123:1128 98.5 % 1123:1128 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 3 10 theme aerial 356:361 arg1 mycelia 363:369 its aerial mycelia 352:369 its aerial mycelia fragmented into rod-shaped spores 352:403 This strain developed branched vegetative mycelia, and its aerial mycelia fragmented into rod-shaped spores. 29022551 6 11 theme major 604:608 arg1 iso-C14  636:643 iso-C14  636:643 iso-C14  636:643 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29022551 6 11 theme major 604:608 arg1 acids 625:629 The major cellular fatty acids 600:629 The major cellular fatty acids 600:629 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29022551 9 12 theme reference 1178:1186 arg1 strains 1188:1194 these reference strains 1172:1194 these reference strains based on the low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively) 1172:1281 However, it could be distinguished from these reference strains based on the low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively). 29022551 10 13 theme Lentzea 1453:1459 arg1 species 1432:1438 a novel species 1424:1438 a novel species 1424:1438 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 8 14 theme Lentzeaalbida 1044:1056 arg1 4.1727T 1064:1070 Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T 1044:1070 Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) 1044:1079 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 14 theme Lentzeaalbida 1044:1056 arg1 % 1078:1078 98.8 % 1073:1078 98.8 % 1073:1078 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 1 15 theme weathered 42:50 arg1 sample 62:67 a weathered limestone sample 40:67 a weathered limestone sample in a karst area 40:83 nov., isolated from a weathered limestone sample in a karst area. 29022551 8 16 theme gene 924:927 arg1 analysis 938:945 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 915:945 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 915:945 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 17 theme CGMCC 1108:1112 arg1 4.1646T 1114:1120 Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T 1085:1120 Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %) 1085:1129 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 17 theme CGMCC 1108:1112 arg1 % 1128:1128 98.5 % 1123:1128 98.5 % 1123:1128 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 6 18 theme fatty 619:623 arg1 iso-C14  636:643 iso-C14  636:643 iso-C14  636:643 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29022551 6 18 theme fatty 619:623 arg1 acids 625:629 The major cellular fatty acids 600:629 The major cellular fatty acids 600:629 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29022551 1 19 theme limestone 52:60 arg1 sample 62:67 a weathered limestone sample 40:67 a weathered limestone sample in a karst area 40:83 nov., isolated from a weathered limestone sample in a karst area. 29022551 8 20 theme rRNA 919:922 arg1 analysis 938:945 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 915:945 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 915:945 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 2 21 attach isolated 167:174 arg1 sample 193:198 a limestone sample 181:198 a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China 181:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 2 21 attach isolated 167:174 arg2 bacterium 123:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium 86:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium 86:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 3 22 theme branched 319:326 arg1 mycelia 339:345 branched vegetative mycelia 319:345 branched vegetative mycelia 319:345 This strain developed branched vegetative mycelia, and its aerial mycelia fragmented into rod-shaped spores. 29022551 8 23 theme waywayandensis 1093:1106 arg1 4.1646T 1114:1120 Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T 1085:1120 Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %) 1085:1129 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 23 theme waywayandensis 1093:1106 arg1 % 1128:1128 98.5 % 1123:1128 98.5 % 1123:1128 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 9 24 theme DNA-DNA 1223:1229 arg1 relatedness 1231:1241 DNA-DNA relatedness 1223:1241 DNA-DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively) 1223:1281 However, it could be distinguished from these reference strains based on the low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively). 29022551 2 25 theme Ecosystem 232:240 arg1 Station 251:257 the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station 215:257 the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China 215:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 8 26 theme 69.8 mol 901:908 arg1 G+C content 885:895 The genomic DNA G+C content 869:895 The genomic DNA G+C content 869:895 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 26 theme 69.8 mol 901:908 arg1 % 909:909 69.8 mol% 901:909 69.8 mol% 901:909 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 0 27 theme pudingi 8:14 arg1 sp 16:17 Lentzea pudingi sp 0:17 Lentzea pudingi sp. 0:18 Lentzea pudingi sp. 29022551 4 28 theme whole-cell 477:486 arg1 sugars 488:493 the whole-cell sugars 473:493 the whole-cell sugars 473:493 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised galactose, ribose and mannose. 29022551 10 29 theme name 1476:1479 arg1 sp 1496:1497 the name Lentzeapudingi sp 1472:1497 the name Lentzeapudingi sp 1472:1497 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 5 30 theme menaquinone 578:588 arg1 MK-9 590:593 menaquinone MK-9 578:593 menaquinone MK-9(H4) 578:597 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H4). 29022551 5 30 theme menaquinone 578:588 arg1 quinone 552:558 The respiratory quinone 536:558 The respiratory quinone 536:558 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H4). 29022551 5 30 theme menaquinone 578:588 arg1 H4 595:596 H4 595:596 H4 595:596 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H4). 29022551 8 31 theme sequence 929:936 arg1 analysis 938:945 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 915:945 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 915:945 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 0 32 theme Lentzea 0:6 arg1 sp 16:17 Lentzea pudingi sp 0:17 Lentzea pudingi sp. 0:18 Lentzea pudingi sp. 29022551 9 33 theme low 1209:1211 arg1 levels 1213:1218 the low levels 1205:1218 the low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively) 1205:1281 However, it could be distinguished from these reference strains based on the low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively). 29022551 2 34 dep China 290:294 arg1 southwest 280:288 Guizhou Province, southwest China 262:294 southwest 280:288 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 10 35 dep characteristics 1347:1361 arg1 basis 1291:1295 basis 1291:1295 basis 1291:1295 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 10 35 dep characteristics 1347:1361 arg1 the 1287:1289 the 1287:1289 the 1287:1289 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 9 36 theme 54.5±2.7 and 1244:1255 arg1 % 1266:1266 54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 % 1244:1266 54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 % 1244:1266 However, it could be distinguished from these reference strains based on the low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively). 29022551 2 37 theme Province 270:277 arg1 China 290:294 Guizhou Province, southwest China 262:294 China 290:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 10 38 theme phylogenetic 1334:1345 arg1 characteristics 1347:1361 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1300:1361 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1300:1361 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 7 39 theme unidentified 842:853 arg1 phospholipid 855:866 one unidentified phospholipid 838:866 one unidentified phospholipid 838:866 The phospholipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidyethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphotidylinositolmannosides and one unidentified phospholipid. 29022551 2 40 theme Research 242:249 arg1 Station 251:257 the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station 215:257 the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China 215:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 8 41 theme 16S 915:917 arg1 rRNA 919:922 16S rRNA 915:922 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 915:945 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 2 42 theme Guizhou 262:268 arg1 China 290:294 Guizhou Province, southwest China 262:294 China 290:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 10 43 theme morphological 1300:1312 arg1 characteristics 1347:1361 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1300:1361 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1300:1361 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 2 44 theme DHS 152:154 arg1 C021T 156:160 strain DHS C021T 145:160 strain DHS C021T 145:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 10 45 theme chemotaxonomic 1315:1328 arg1 characteristics 1347:1361 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1300:1361 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1300:1361 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 3 46 theme rod-shaped 387:396 arg1 spores 398:403 rod-shaped spores 387:403 rod-shaped spores 387:403 This strain developed branched vegetative mycelia, and its aerial mycelia fragmented into rod-shaped spores. 29022551 2 47 theme strain 145:150 arg1 C021T 156:160 strain DHS C021T 145:160 strain DHS C021T 145:160 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 5 48 theme respiratory 540:550 arg1 MK-9 590:593 menaquinone MK-9 578:593 menaquinone MK-9(H4) 578:597 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H4). 29022551 5 48 theme respiratory 540:550 arg1 quinone 552:558 The respiratory quinone 536:558 The respiratory quinone 536:558 The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H4). 29022551 4 49 contain contained 434:442 arg2 acid 464:467 meso-diaminopimelic acid 444:467 meso-diaminopimelic acid 444:467 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised galactose, ribose and mannose. 29022551 4 49 contain contained 434:442 arg1 peptidoglycan 420:432 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 406:432 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 406:432 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised galactose, ribose and mannose. 29022551 4 50 theme meso-diaminopimelic 444:462 arg1 acid 464:467 meso-diaminopimelic acid 444:467 meso-diaminopimelic acid 444:467 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised galactose, ribose and mannose. 29022551 2 51 theme limestone 183:191 arg1 sample 193:198 a limestone sample 181:198 a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China 181:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 10 52 theme DNA-DNA 1368:1374 arg1 data 1390:1393 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1368:1393 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1368:1393 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 3 53 theme fragmented 371:380 arg1 mycelia 363:369 its aerial mycelia 352:369 its aerial mycelia fragmented into rod-shaped spores 352:403 This strain developed branched vegetative mycelia, and its aerial mycelia fragmented into rod-shaped spores. 29022551 2 54 dep Gram-stain-positive 94:112 arg1 aerobic 115:121 aerobic 115:121 aerobic 115:121 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 10 55 theme Lentzeapudingi 1481:1494 arg1 sp 1496:1497 the name Lentzeapudingi sp 1472:1497 the name Lentzeapudingi sp 1472:1497 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 8 56 theme genus 986:990 arg1 Lentzea 992:998 the genus Lentzea 982:998 the genus Lentzea 982:998 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 57 theme DNA 881:883 arg1 G+C content 885:895 The genomic DNA G+C content 869:895 The genomic DNA G+C content 869:895 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 57 theme DNA 881:883 arg1 % 909:909 69.8 mol% 901:909 69.8 mol% 901:909 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 10 58 theme genus 1447:1451 arg1 Lentzea 1453:1459 the genus Lentzea 1443:1459 the genus Lentzea 1443:1459 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 2 59 theme Karst 226:230 arg1 Station 251:257 the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station 215:257 the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China 215:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 8 60 theme sequence 1019:1026 arg1 similarity 1028:1037 highest sequence similarity 1011:1037 highest sequence similarity 1011:1037 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 1 61 theme karst 74:78 arg1 area 80:83 a karst area 72:83 a karst area 72:83 nov., isolated from a weathered limestone sample in a karst area. 29022551 12 62 theme 4.7319T=KCTC 1555:1566 arg1 C021T 1541:1545 DHS C021T 1537:1545 DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T) 1537:1574 The type strain is DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T). 29022551 12 62 theme 4.7319T=KCTC 1555:1566 arg1 39694T 1568:1573 =CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T 1548:1573 =CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T 1548:1573 The type strain is DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T). 29022551 4 63 theme cell-wall 410:418 arg1 peptidoglycan 420:432 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 406:432 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 406:432 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised galactose, ribose and mannose. 29022551 2 64 theme Puding 219:224 arg1 Station 251:257 the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station 215:257 the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China 215:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 6 65 dep iso-C14  636:643 arg1  0 661:662  0 661:662 iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 636:662 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29022551 6 65 dep iso-C14  636:643 arg1 iso-C16  652:659 iso-C16  652:659 iso-C16  652:659 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29022551 6 65 dep iso-C14  636:643 arg1  0 645:646  0 645:646  0 645:646 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29022551 2 66 theme China 290:294 arg1 Station 251:257 the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station 215:257 the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China 215:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 10 67 theme hybridization 1376:1388 arg1 data 1390:1393 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1368:1393 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1368:1393 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 12 68 theme =CGMCC 1548:1553 arg1 C021T 1541:1545 DHS C021T 1537:1545 DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T) 1537:1574 The type strain is DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T). 29022551 12 68 theme =CGMCC 1548:1553 arg1 39694T 1568:1573 =CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T 1548:1573 =CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T 1548:1573 The type strain is DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T). 29022551 9 69 dep relatedness 1231:1241 arg1 % 1266:1266 54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 % 1244:1266 54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 % 1244:1266 However, it could be distinguished from these reference strains based on the low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively). 29022551 10 70 theme strain 1396:1401 arg1 C021T 1407:1411 strain DHS C021T 1396:1411 strain DHS C021T 1396:1411 On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzeapudingi sp. 29022551 8 71 theme genomic 873:879 arg1 G+C content 885:895 The genomic DNA G+C content 869:895 The genomic DNA G+C content 869:895 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 8 71 theme genomic 873:879 arg1 % 909:909 69.8 mol% 901:909 69.8 mol% 901:909 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 29022551 9 72 theme relatedness 1231:1241 arg1 levels 1213:1218 the low levels 1205:1218 the low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively) 1205:1281 However, it could be distinguished from these reference strains based on the low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively). 29022551 2 73 theme Gram-stain-positive 94:112 arg1 bacterium 123:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium 86:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium 86:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. 29022551 8 74 theme highest 1011:1017 arg1 similarity 1028:1037 highest sequence similarity 1011:1037 highest sequence similarity 1011:1037 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzeaalbida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). 28786783 10 0 theme sp 1482:1483 arg1 strain 1368:1373 the type strain 1359:1373 the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp 1359:1483 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 1 theme species 1386:1392 arg1 sp 1482:1483 a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp 1378:1483 a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp 1378:1483 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 5 2 theme Paenibacillus 451:463 arg1 9324T 490:494 Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T 451:494 Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T 451:494 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 10 3 theme nov. 1477:1480 arg1 sp 1482:1483 a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp 1378:1483 a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp 1378:1483 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 6 4 theme genus 645:649 arg1 Cohnella 651:658 the genus Cohnella 641:658 the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus 641:692 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. 28786783 10 5 theme novel 1380:1384 arg1 species 1386:1392 a novel species 1378:1392 a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp 1378:1483 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 4 6 theme NaCl 347:350 arg1 presence 325:332 the presence 321:332 the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl 321:350 Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C, pH 7.5 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. 28786783 10 7 theme strain 1194:1199 arg1 J15A17T 1201:1207 strain J15A17T 1194:1207 strain J15A17T 1194:1207 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 8 theme strain 1304:1309 arg1 1H00137T 1338:1345 =KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T 1320:1345 =KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T 1320:1345 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 8 theme strain 1304:1309 arg1 J15A17T 1311:1317 strain J15A17T 1304:1317 strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) 1304:1346 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 9 theme type 1363:1366 arg1 strain 1368:1373 the type strain 1359:1373 the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp 1359:1483 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 5 10 dep analysis 392:399 arg1 the 356:358 the 356:358 the 356:358 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 5 10 dep analysis 392:399 arg1 basis 360:364 basis 360:364 basis 360:364 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 5 11 theme 16S 369:371 arg1 analysis 392:399 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:399 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:399 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 2 12 theme strain 151:156 arg1 J15A17T 158:164 strain J15A17T 151:164 strain J15A17T 151:164 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. 28786783 6 13 theme related 680:686 arg1 genus 688:692 the most closely related genus 663:692 the most closely related genus 663:692 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. 28786783 10 14 theme 33759T=MCCC 1326:1336 arg1 1H00137T 1338:1345 =KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T 1320:1345 =KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T 1320:1345 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 14 theme 33759T=MCCC 1326:1336 arg1 J15A17T 1311:1317 strain J15A17T 1304:1317 strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) 1304:1346 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 5 15 theme closest 420:426 arg1 similarity 428:437 closest similarity 420:437 closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T 420:494 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 5 15 theme closest 420:426 arg1 % 445:445 92.8 % 440:445 92.8 % 440:445 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 10 16 theme Phylogenetic 1115:1126 arg1 differences 1174:1184 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences 1115:1184 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus 1115:1289 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 17 theme =KCTC 1320:1324 arg1 1H00137T 1338:1345 =KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T 1320:1345 =KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T 1320:1345 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 17 theme =KCTC 1320:1324 arg1 J15A17T 1311:1317 strain J15A17T 1304:1317 strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) 1304:1346 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 18 from differences 1174:1184 arg1 Paenibacillus 1277:1289 Paenibacillus 1277:1289 Paenibacillus 1277:1289 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 18 from differences 1174:1184 arg1 genera 1242:1247 the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus 1238:1289 genera 1242:1247 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 5 19 theme sequence 383:390 arg1 analysis 392:399 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:399 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:399 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 10 20 theme new 1399:1401 arg1 genus 1403:1407 a new genus 1397:1407 a new genus within the family 1397:1425 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 4 21 theme % 339:339 arg1 NaCl 347:350 3 % (w/v) NaCl 337:350 3 % (w/v) NaCl 337:350 Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C, pH 7.5 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. 28786783 6 22 theme rRNA 532:535 arg1 sequences 542:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. 28786783 8 23 theme respiratory 786:796 arg1 quinone 798:804 the sole respiratory quinone 777:804 the sole respiratory quinone 777:804 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 8 23 theme respiratory 786:796 arg1 MK-7 769:772 MK-7 769:772 MK-7 769:772 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 0 24 theme sediminis 17:25 arg1 nov. 32:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. 0:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. 0:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 4 25 theme 3  337:338 arg1 % 339:339 % 339:339 % 339:339 Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C, pH 7.5 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. 28786783 8 26 theme sole 781:784 arg1 quinone 798:804 the sole respiratory quinone 777:804 the sole respiratory quinone 777:804 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 8 26 theme sole 781:784 arg1 MK-7 769:772 MK-7 769:772 MK-7 769:772 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 0 27 theme Chengkuizengella 0:15 arg1 nov. 32:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. 0:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. 0:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 7 28 theme strain 718:723 arg1 J15A17T 725:731 strain J15A17T 718:731 strain J15A17T 718:731 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. 28786783 8 29 theme lipid 890:894 arg1 pattern 896:902 its polar lipid pattern 880:902 its polar lipid pattern 880:902 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 6 30 theme family 611:616 arg1 Paenibacillaceae 618:633 the family Paenibacillaceae 607:633 the family Paenibacillaceae 607:633 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. 28786783 6 31 theme 16S 528:530 arg1 sequences 542:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. 28786783 7 32 theme J15A17T 725:731 arg1 % 745:745 37.4 mol% 737:745 37.4 mol% 737:745 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. 28786783 7 32 theme J15A17T 725:731 arg1 content 707:713 The DNA G+C content 695:713 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T 695:731 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. 28786783 0 33 dep sp 37:38 arg1 nov. 32:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. 0:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. 0:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 9 34 theme cell 1104:1107 arg1 wall 1109:1112 the cell wall 1100:1112 the cell wall 1100:1112 The strain displayed the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp in the cell wall. 28786783 8 35 theme fatty 863:867 arg1 acids 869:873 the major cellular fatty acids 844:873 the major cellular fatty acids 844:873 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 8 35 theme fatty 863:867 arg1 anteiso-C15  807:818 anteiso-C15  807:818 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 807:837 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 10 36 theme morphological 1160:1172 arg1 differences 1174:1184 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences 1115:1184 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus 1115:1289 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 0 37 theme gen. 27:30 arg1 nov. 32:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. 0:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. 0:35 Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 38 from species 1386:1392 arg1 genus 1403:1407 a new genus 1397:1407 a new genus within the family 1397:1425 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 8 39 contain contained 759:767 arg2 MK-7 769:772 MK-7 769:772 MK-7 769:772 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 8 39 contain contained 759:767 arg1 strain 752:757 The strain 748:757 The strain 748:757 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 8 39 contain contained 759:767 arg2 quinone 798:804 the sole respiratory quinone 777:804 the sole respiratory quinone 777:804 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 4 40 theme Optimal 273:279 arg1 growth 281:286 Optimal growth 273:286 Optimal growth 273:286 Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C, pH 7.5 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. 28786783 2 41 attach isolated 171:178 arg1 sediment 185:192 sediment 185:192 sediment of the South China Sea 185:215 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. 28786783 2 41 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 bacterium 129:137 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 71:137 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 71:137 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. 28786783 7 42 theme 37.4 mol 737:744 arg1 % 745:745 37.4 mol% 737:745 37.4 mol% 737:745 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. 28786783 7 42 theme 37.4 mol 737:744 arg1 content 707:713 The DNA G+C content 695:713 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T 695:731 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. 28786783 8 43 dep anteiso-C15  807:818 arg1 iso-C16  827:834 iso-C16  827:834 iso-C16  827:834 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 8 43 dep anteiso-C15  807:818 arg1  0 820:821  0 820:821  0 820:821 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 8 43 dep anteiso-C15  807:818 arg1  0 836:837  0 836:837  0 836:837 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 6 44 theme separate 584:591 arg1 branch 593:598 a separate branch 582:598 a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae 582:633 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. 28786783 7 45 theme DNA 699:701 arg1 % 745:745 37.4 mol% 737:745 37.4 mol% 737:745 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. 28786783 7 45 theme DNA 699:701 arg1 content 707:713 The DNA G+C content 695:713 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T 695:731 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. 28786783 10 46 theme physiological 1129:1141 arg1 differences 1174:1184 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences 1115:1184 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus 1115:1289 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 2 47 theme Sea 213:215 arg1 sediment 185:192 sediment 185:192 sediment of the South China Sea 185:215 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. 28786783 5 48 theme puldeungensis 465:477 arg1 9324T 490:494 Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T 451:494 Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T 451:494 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 6 49 theme Phylogenetic 497:508 arg1 analysis 510:517 Phylogenetic analysis 497:517 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 497:550 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. 28786783 7 50 theme G+C 703:705 arg1 % 745:745 37.4 mol% 737:745 37.4 mol% 737:745 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. 28786783 7 50 theme G+C 703:705 arg1 content 707:713 The DNA G+C content 695:713 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T 695:731 The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. 28786783 2 51 theme China 207:211 arg1 Sea 213:215 the South China Sea 197:215 the South China Sea 197:215 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. 28786783 5 52 theme strain 479:484 arg1 9324T 490:494 Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T 451:494 Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T 451:494 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 10 53 theme sediminis 1462:1470 arg1 sp 1482:1483 a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp 1378:1483 a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp 1378:1483 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 2 54 theme Gram-stain-positive 73:91 arg1 bacterium 129:137 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 71:137 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium 71:137 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. 28786783 8 55 theme unidentified 1009:1020 arg1 phospholipids 1022:1034 four unidentified phospholipids 1004:1034 four unidentified phospholipids 1004:1034 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 2 56 theme South 201:205 arg1 Sea 213:215 the South China Sea 197:215 the South China Sea 197:215 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. 28786783 5 57 theme CAU 486:488 arg1 9324T 490:494 Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T 451:494 Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T 451:494 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 5 58 theme rRNA 373:376 arg1 analysis 392:399 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:399 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:399 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 8 59 theme polar 884:888 arg1 pattern 896:902 its polar lipid pattern 880:902 its polar lipid pattern 880:902 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 8 60 theme cellular 854:861 arg1 acids 869:873 the major cellular fatty acids 844:873 the major cellular fatty acids 844:873 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 8 60 theme cellular 854:861 arg1 anteiso-C15  807:818 anteiso-C15  807:818 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 807:837 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 5 61 theme gene 378:381 arg1 analysis 392:399 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:399 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:399 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. 28786783 9 62 theme peptidoglycan 1062:1074 arg1 l-Lys-d-Asp 1085:1095 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp 1058:1095 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp 1058:1095 The strain displayed the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp in the cell wall. 28786783 10 63 dep genera 1242:1247 arg1 Fontibacillus 1259:1271 Fontibacillus 1259:1271 Fontibacillus 1259:1271 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 9 64 theme type 1076:1079 arg1 l-Lys-d-Asp 1085:1095 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp 1058:1095 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp 1058:1095 The strain displayed the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp in the cell wall. 28786783 4 65 dep % 339:339 arg1 w/v 342:344 w/v 342:344 w/v 342:344 Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C, pH 7.5 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. 28786783 10 66 theme closest 1217:1223 arg1 relatives 1225:1233 its closest relatives 1213:1233 its closest relatives 1213:1233 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 9 67 theme A4α 1081:1083 arg1 l-Lys-d-Asp 1085:1095 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp 1058:1095 the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp 1058:1095 The strain displayed the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp in the cell wall. 28786783 10 68 theme biochemical 1144:1154 arg1 differences 1174:1184 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences 1115:1184 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus 1115:1289 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 10 69 dep species 1386:1392 arg1 Chengkuizengella 1445:1460 Chengkuizengella 1445:1460 Chengkuizengella 1445:1460 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. 28786783 2 70 dep Gram-stain-positive 73:91 arg1 endospore-forming 111:127 endospore-forming 111:127 endospore-forming 111:127 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. 28786783 2 70 dep Gram-stain-positive 73:91 arg1 motile 103:108 motile 103:108 motile 103:108 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. 28786783 2 70 dep Gram-stain-positive 73:91 arg1 aerobic 94:100 aerobic 94:100 aerobic 94:100 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. 28786783 8 71 theme major 848:852 arg1 acids 869:873 the major cellular fatty acids 844:873 the major cellular fatty acids 844:873 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 8 71 theme major 848:852 arg1 anteiso-C15  807:818 anteiso-C15  807:818 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 807:837 The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. 28786783 6 72 theme gene 537:540 arg1 sequences 542:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. 27481244 10 0 theme cell 1478:1481 arg1 line 1483:1486 the human monocytic cell line 1458:1486 the human monocytic cell line MM6 1458:1490 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 11 1 theme LPS 1566:1568 arg1 structure 1570:1578 the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure 1535:1578 the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation 1535:1619 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 7 2 theme genetic 875:881 arg1 modifications 883:895 genetic modifications 875:895 genetic modifications of LPS 875:902 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 8 3 theme LPS 1112:1114 arg1 modifications 1116:1128 the LPS modifications 1108:1128 the LPS modifications 1108:1128 The use of detergent decreased both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation by OMVs, while the LPS modifications reduced only TLR4 activation. 27481244 10 4 theme human 1496:1500 arg1 DCs 1519:1521 DCs 1519:1521 DCs 1519:1521 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 10 4 theme human 1496:1500 arg1 cells 1512:1516 human dendritic cells 1496:1516 human dendritic cells (DCs) 1496:1522 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 11 5 theme PagL-mediated 1595:1607 arg1 deacylation 1609:1619 PagL-mediated deacylation 1595:1619 PagL-mediated deacylation 1595:1619 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 5 6 theme protective 642:651 arg1 antigens 653:660 protective antigens 642:660 protective antigens such as lipoproteins 642:681 While effective, this method also leads to loss of protective antigens such as lipoproteins. 27481244 5 6 theme protective 642:651 arg1 lipoproteins 670:681 lipoproteins 670:681 lipoproteins 670:681 While effective, this method also leads to loss of protective antigens such as lipoproteins. 27481244 9 7 theme Mutational 1160:1169 arg1 removal 1171:1177 Mutational removal 1160:1177 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, 1160:1279 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 8 8 theme TLR4 1143:1146 arg1 activation 1148:1157 only TLR4 activation 1138:1157 only TLR4 activation 1138:1157 The use of detergent decreased both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation by OMVs, while the LPS modifications reduced only TLR4 activation. 27481244 11 9 theme typical 1726:1732 arg1 chemokine 1749:1757 a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine 1724:1757 a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine 1724:1757 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 11 9 theme typical 1726:1732 arg1 IP-10 1717:1721 IP-10 1717:1721 IP-10 1717:1721 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 2 10 theme innate 334:339 arg1 immunity 341:348 innate immunity 334:348 innate immunity 334:348 They contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of triggering innate immunity. 27481244 7 11 theme methods 829:835 arg1 effects 795:801 the effects 791:801 the effects of standard OMV isolation methods 791:835 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 12 12 theme immunity 1879:1886 arg1 activation 1858:1867 reduced activation 1850:1867 reduced activation of innate immunity 1850:1886 Taken together, these data show that lipid A modification can be used to obtain OMVs with reduced activation of innate immunity, similar to what is found after detergent treatment. 27481244 9 13 theme factor 1202:1207 arg1 protein 1219:1225 lipoprotein factor H binding protein 1190:1225 lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp) 1190:1232 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 9 13 theme factor 1202:1207 arg1 proteins 1239:1246 two proteins 1235:1246 two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling 1235:1278 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 9 13 theme factor 1202:1207 arg1 fHbp 1228:1231 fHbp 1228:1231 fHbp 1228:1231 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 7 14 theme immune 991:996 arg1 responses 998:1006 innate immune responses 984:1006 innate immune responses 984:1006 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 12 15 theme similar 1889:1895 arg1 OMVs 1840:1843 OMVs 1840:1843 OMVs 1840:1843 Taken together, these data show that lipid A modification can be used to obtain OMVs with reduced activation of innate immunity, similar to what is found after detergent treatment. 27481244 12 16 theme detergent 1920:1928 arg1 treatment 1930:1938 detergent treatment 1920:1938 detergent treatment 1920:1938 Taken together, these data show that lipid A modification can be used to obtain OMVs with reduced activation of innate immunity, similar to what is found after detergent treatment. 27481244 9 17 theme binding 1211:1217 arg1 protein 1219:1225 lipoprotein factor H binding protein 1190:1225 lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp) 1190:1232 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 9 17 theme binding 1211:1217 arg1 proteins 1239:1246 two proteins 1235:1246 two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling 1235:1278 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 9 17 theme binding 1211:1217 arg1 fHbp 1228:1231 fHbp 1228:1231 fHbp 1228:1231 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 2 18 theme molecular 256:264 arg1 patterns 266:273 pathogen-associated molecular patterns 236:273 pathogen-associated molecular patterns 236:273 They contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of triggering innate immunity. 27481244 2 18 theme molecular 256:264 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 286:303 lipopolysaccharide 286:303 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 286:309 They contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of triggering innate immunity. 27481244 10 19 from reductions 1423:1432 arg1 DCs 1519:1521 DCs 1519:1521 DCs 1519:1521 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 10 19 from reductions 1423:1432 arg1 cells 1512:1516 human dendritic cells 1496:1516 human dendritic cells (DCs) 1496:1522 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 10 19 from reductions 1423:1432 arg1 line 1483:1486 the human monocytic cell line 1458:1486 the human monocytic cell line MM6 1458:1490 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 0 20 theme Innate 77:82 arg1 Response 91:98 the Innate Immune Response 73:98 the Innate Immune Response 73:98 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 27481244 4 21 theme detergent 526:534 arg1 treatment 536:544 detergent treatment 526:544 detergent treatment 526:544 To create safe OMV vaccines, detergent treatment is generally used to reduce the LPS content. 27481244 7 22 dep A 936:936 arg1 pagL 949:952 pagL 949:952 pagL 949:952 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 7 22 dep A 936:936 arg1 lpxL1 939:943 lpxL1 939:943 lpxL1 939:943 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 0 23 theme Response 91:98 arg1 Activation 59:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation 0:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 0:99 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 27481244 3 24 theme potent 405:410 arg1 LPS 426:428 an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS 392:428 an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS 392:428 However, Neisseria meningitidis contains an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS, leading to adverse effects when its OMVs are applied as vaccines. 27481244 10 25 theme Detergent-treated 1370:1386 arg1 OMVs 1388:1391 Detergent-treated OMVs 1370:1391 Detergent-treated OMVs 1370:1391 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 4 26 theme safe 507:510 arg1 vaccines 516:523 safe OMV vaccines 507:523 safe OMV vaccines 507:523 To create safe OMV vaccines, detergent treatment is generally used to reduce the LPS content. 27481244 10 27 theme similar 1415:1421 arg1 reductions 1423:1432 similar reductions 1415:1432 similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs) 1415:1522 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 8 28 theme detergent 1020:1028 arg1 use 1013:1015 The use 1009:1015 The use of detergent 1009:1028 The use of detergent decreased both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation by OMVs, while the LPS modifications reduced only TLR4 activation. 27481244 6 29 theme LPS 723:725 arg1 modification 707:718 genetic modification 699:718 genetic modification of LPS 699:725 Alternatively, genetic modification of LPS can reduce its toxicity. 27481244 0 30 theme Meningococcal 0:12 arg1 Activation 59:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation 0:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 0:99 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 27481244 7 31 theme OMV 815:817 arg1 methods 829:835 standard OMV isolation methods 806:835 standard OMV isolation methods 806:835 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 7 32 theme lipid 930:934 arg1 A 936:936 a penta-acylated lipid A 913:936 a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) 913:953 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 1 33 theme outer 115:119 arg1 vaccines 213:220 vaccines 213:220 vaccines 213:220 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively investigated and successfully implemented as vaccines. 27481244 1 33 theme outer 115:119 arg1 OMVs 140:143 OMVs 140:143 OMVs 140:143 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively investigated and successfully implemented as vaccines. 27481244 1 33 theme outer 115:119 arg1 vesicles 130:137 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles 101:137 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 101:144 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively investigated and successfully implemented as vaccines. 27481244 4 34 theme LPS 578:580 arg1 content 582:588 the LPS content 574:588 the LPS content 574:588 To create safe OMV vaccines, detergent treatment is generally used to reduce the LPS content. 27481244 10 35 theme profiles 1446:1453 arg1 reductions 1423:1432 similar reductions 1415:1432 similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs) 1415:1522 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 7 36 dep in 962:963 arg1 vitro 965:969 vitro 965:969 vitro 965:969 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 0 37 theme Membrane 20:27 arg1 Activation 59:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation 0:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 0:99 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 27481244 8 38 theme receptor 1055:1062 arg1 activation 1082:1091 both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation 1040:1091 both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation 1040:1091 The use of detergent decreased both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation by OMVs, while the LPS modifications reduced only TLR4 activation. 27481244 11 39 theme cytokines 1665:1673 arg1 induction 1636:1644 reduced induction 1628:1644 reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine 1628:1757 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 0 40 theme Composition-Dependent 37:57 arg1 Activation 59:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation 0:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 0:99 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 27481244 12 41 with OMVs 1840:1843 arg1 activation 1858:1867 reduced activation 1850:1867 reduced activation of innate immunity 1850:1886 Taken together, these data show that lipid A modification can be used to obtain OMVs with reduced activation of innate immunity, similar to what is found after detergent treatment. 27481244 7 42 with detergent 843:851 arg1 those 866:870 those 866:870 those 866:870 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 3 43 theme adverse 442:448 arg1 effects 450:456 adverse effects 442:456 adverse effects when its OMVs are applied as vaccines 442:494 However, Neisseria meningitidis contains an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS, leading to adverse effects when its OMVs are applied as vaccines. 27481244 10 44 theme monocytic 1468:1476 arg1 line 1483:1486 the human monocytic cell line 1458:1486 the human monocytic cell line MM6 1458:1490 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 9 45 contain had 1281:1283 arg1 removal 1171:1177 Mutational removal 1160:1177 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, 1160:1279 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 9 45 contain had 1281:1283 arg2 effect 1288:1293 no effect 1285:1293 no effect 1285:1293 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 7 46 with EDTA 856:859 arg1 those 866:870 those 866:870 those 866:870 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 7 47 theme penta-acylated 915:928 arg1 A 936:936 a penta-acylated lipid A 913:936 a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) 913:953 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 9 48 theme multiple 1312:1319 arg1 ligands 1326:1332 multiple TLR2 ligands 1312:1332 multiple TLR2 ligands 1312:1332 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 8 49 theme TLR2 1077:1080 arg1 activation 1082:1091 both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation 1040:1091 both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation 1040:1091 The use of detergent decreased both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation by OMVs, while the LPS modifications reduced only TLR4 activation. 27481244 11 50 theme penta-acylated 1551:1564 arg1 structure 1570:1578 the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure 1535:1578 the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation 1535:1619 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 7 51 theme present 759:765 arg1 study 767:771 the present study 755:771 the present study 755:771 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 3 52 contain contains 383:390 arg1 meningitidis 370:381 Neisseria meningitidis 360:381 Neisseria meningitidis 360:381 However, Neisseria meningitidis contains an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS, leading to adverse effects when its OMVs are applied as vaccines. 27481244 3 52 contain contains 383:390 arg2 LPS 426:428 an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS 392:428 an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS 392:428 However, Neisseria meningitidis contains an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS, leading to adverse effects when its OMVs are applied as vaccines. 27481244 7 53 theme LPS 900:902 arg1 modifications 883:895 genetic modifications 875:895 genetic modifications of LPS 875:902 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 4 54 used used 559:562 arg2 treatment 536:544 detergent treatment 526:544 detergent treatment 526:544 To create safe OMV vaccines, detergent treatment is generally used to reduce the LPS content. 27481244 9 55 theme detergent 1349:1357 arg1 treatment 1359:1367 detergent treatment 1349:1367 detergent treatment 1349:1367 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 11 56 with OMVs 1525:1528 arg1 structure 1570:1578 the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure 1535:1578 the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation 1535:1619 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 10 57 theme dendritic 1502:1510 arg1 DCs 1519:1521 DCs 1519:1521 DCs 1519:1521 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 10 57 theme dendritic 1502:1510 arg1 cells 1512:1516 human dendritic cells 1496:1516 human dendritic cells (DCs) 1496:1522 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 11 58 theme reduced 1628:1634 arg1 induction 1636:1644 reduced induction 1628:1644 reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine 1628:1757 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 2 59 theme capable 312:318 arg1 LPS 306:308 LPS 306:308 LPS 306:308 They contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of triggering innate immunity. 27481244 2 59 theme capable 312:318 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 286:303 lipopolysaccharide 286:303 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 286:309 They contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of triggering innate immunity. 27481244 5 60 theme antigens 653:660 arg1 loss 634:637 loss 634:637 loss of protective antigens such as lipoproteins 634:681 While effective, this method also leads to loss of protective antigens such as lipoproteins. 27481244 8 61 theme only 1138:1141 arg1 activation 1148:1157 only TLR4 activation 1138:1157 only TLR4 activation 1138:1157 The use of detergent decreased both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation by OMVs, while the LPS modifications reduced only TLR4 activation. 27481244 9 62 theme PorB 1182:1185 arg1 removal 1171:1177 Mutational removal 1160:1177 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, 1160:1279 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 11 63 theme TRIF-dependent 1734:1747 arg1 chemokine 1749:1757 a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine 1724:1757 a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine 1724:1757 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 11 63 theme TRIF-dependent 1734:1747 arg1 IP-10 1717:1721 IP-10 1717:1721 IP-10 1717:1721 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 9 64 theme lipoprotein 1190:1200 arg1 protein 1219:1225 lipoprotein factor H binding protein 1190:1225 lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp) 1190:1232 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 9 64 theme lipoprotein 1190:1200 arg1 proteins 1239:1246 two proteins 1235:1246 two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling 1235:1278 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 9 64 theme lipoprotein 1190:1200 arg1 fHbp 1228:1231 fHbp 1228:1231 fHbp 1228:1231 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 2 65 contain contain 228:234 arg1 They 223:226 They 223:226 They 223:226 They contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of triggering innate immunity. 27481244 2 65 contain contain 228:234 arg2 lipopolysaccharide 286:303 lipopolysaccharide 286:303 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 286:309 They contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of triggering innate immunity. 27481244 2 65 contain contain 228:234 arg2 patterns 266:273 pathogen-associated molecular patterns 236:273 pathogen-associated molecular patterns 236:273 They contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of triggering innate immunity. 27481244 12 66 theme innate 1872:1877 arg1 immunity 1879:1886 innate immunity 1872:1886 innate immunity 1872:1886 Taken together, these data show that lipid A modification can be used to obtain OMVs with reduced activation of innate immunity, similar to what is found after detergent treatment. 27481244 10 67 dep line 1483:1486 arg1 MM6 1488:1490 MM6 1488:1490 the human monocytic cell line MM6 1458:1490 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 9 68 theme H 1209:1209 arg1 protein 1219:1225 lipoprotein factor H binding protein 1190:1225 lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp) 1190:1232 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 9 68 theme H 1209:1209 arg1 proteins 1239:1246 two proteins 1235:1246 two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling 1235:1278 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 9 68 theme H 1209:1209 arg1 fHbp 1228:1231 fHbp 1228:1231 fHbp 1228:1231 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 7 69 theme responses 998:1006 arg1 induction 971:979 the in vitro induction 958:979 the in vitro induction of innate immune responses 958:1006 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 9 70 theme protein 1219:1225 arg1 removal 1171:1177 Mutational removal 1160:1177 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, 1160:1279 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 7 71 theme innate 984:989 arg1 responses 998:1006 innate immune responses 984:1006 innate immune responses 984:1006 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 0 72 theme Immune 84:89 arg1 Response 91:98 the Innate Immune Response 73:98 the Innate Immune Response 73:98 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 27481244 12 73 theme reduced 1850:1856 arg1 activation 1858:1867 reduced activation 1850:1867 reduced activation of innate immunity 1850:1886 Taken together, these data show that lipid A modification can be used to obtain OMVs with reduced activation of innate immunity, similar to what is found after detergent treatment. 27481244 7 74 theme in 962:963 arg1 induction 971:979 the in vitro induction 958:979 the in vitro induction of innate immune responses 958:1006 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 3 75 theme Neisseria 360:368 arg1 meningitidis 370:381 Neisseria meningitidis 360:381 Neisseria meningitidis 360:381 However, Neisseria meningitidis contains an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS, leading to adverse effects when its OMVs are applied as vaccines. 27481244 12 76 theme A 1803:1803 arg1 modification 1805:1816 lipid A modification 1797:1816 lipid A modification 1797:1816 Taken together, these data show that lipid A modification can be used to obtain OMVs with reduced activation of innate immunity, similar to what is found after detergent treatment. 27481244 3 77 theme hexa-acylated 412:424 arg1 LPS 426:428 an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS 392:428 an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS 392:428 However, Neisseria meningitidis contains an extremely potent hexa-acylated LPS, leading to adverse effects when its OMVs are applied as vaccines. 27481244 4 78 theme OMV 512:514 arg1 vaccines 516:523 safe OMV vaccines 507:523 safe OMV vaccines 507:523 To create safe OMV vaccines, detergent treatment is generally used to reduce the LPS content. 27481244 11 79 theme IP-10 1717:1721 arg1 induction 1636:1644 reduced induction 1628:1644 reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine 1628:1757 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 12 80 used used 1825:1828 arg2 modification 1805:1816 lipid A modification 1797:1816 lipid A modification 1797:1816 Taken together, these data show that lipid A modification can be used to obtain OMVs with reduced activation of innate immunity, similar to what is found after detergent treatment. 27481244 0 81 theme Outer 14:18 arg1 Activation 59:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation 0:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 0:99 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 27481244 9 82 theme TLR2 1265:1268 arg1 signaling 1270:1278 TLR2 signaling 1265:1278 TLR2 signaling 1265:1278 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 8 83 theme Toll-like 1045:1053 arg1 receptor 1055:1062 Toll-like receptor 4 1045:1064 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) 1045:1071 The use of detergent decreased both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation by OMVs, while the LPS modifications reduced only TLR4 activation. 27481244 8 83 theme Toll-like 1045:1053 arg1 TLR4 1067:1070 TLR4 1067:1070 TLR4 1067:1070 The use of detergent decreased both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation by OMVs, while the LPS modifications reduced only TLR4 activation. 27481244 1 84 theme Meningococcal 101:113 arg1 vaccines 213:220 vaccines 213:220 vaccines 213:220 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively investigated and successfully implemented as vaccines. 27481244 1 84 theme Meningococcal 101:113 arg1 OMVs 140:143 OMVs 140:143 OMVs 140:143 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively investigated and successfully implemented as vaccines. 27481244 1 84 theme Meningococcal 101:113 arg1 vesicles 130:137 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles 101:137 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 101:144 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively investigated and successfully implemented as vaccines. 27481244 10 85 theme lpxL1 1397:1401 arg1 OMVs 1403:1406 lpxL1 OMVs 1397:1406 lpxL1 OMVs 1397:1406 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 0 86 theme Vesicle 29:35 arg1 Activation 59:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation 0:68 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 0:99 Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Composition-Dependent Activation of the Innate Immune Response. 27481244 7 87 theme isolation 819:827 arg1 methods 829:835 standard OMV isolation methods 806:835 standard OMV isolation methods 806:835 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 1 88 theme membrane 121:128 arg1 vaccines 213:220 vaccines 213:220 vaccines 213:220 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively investigated and successfully implemented as vaccines. 27481244 1 88 theme membrane 121:128 arg1 OMVs 140:143 OMVs 140:143 OMVs 140:143 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively investigated and successfully implemented as vaccines. 27481244 1 88 theme membrane 121:128 arg1 vesicles 130:137 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles 101:137 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 101:144 Meningococcal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively investigated and successfully implemented as vaccines. 27481244 10 89 theme cytokine 1437:1444 arg1 profiles 1446:1453 cytokine profiles 1437:1453 cytokine profiles 1437:1453 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 11 90 theme proinflammatory 1649:1663 arg1 cytokines 1665:1673 proinflammatory cytokines 1649:1673 proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β 1649:1704 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 11 90 theme proinflammatory 1649:1663 arg1 IL-1β 1700:1704 IL-1β 1700:1704 IL-1β 1700:1704 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 11 90 theme proinflammatory 1649:1663 arg1 interleukin-6 1675:1687 interleukin-6 1675:1687 interleukin-6 (IL-6) 1675:1694 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 6 91 theme genetic 699:705 arg1 modification 707:718 genetic modification 699:718 genetic modification of LPS 699:725 Alternatively, genetic modification of LPS can reduce its toxicity. 27481244 7 92 theme standard 806:813 arg1 methods 829:835 standard OMV isolation methods 806:835 standard OMV isolation methods 806:835 In the present study, we have compared the effects of standard OMV isolation methods using detergent or EDTA with those of genetic modifications of LPS to yield a penta-acylated lipid A (lpxL1 and pagL) on the in vitro induction of innate immune responses. 27481244 10 93 theme human 1462:1466 arg1 line 1483:1486 the human monocytic cell line 1458:1486 the human monocytic cell line MM6 1458:1490 Detergent-treated OMVs and lpxL1 OMVs showed similar reductions of cytokine profiles in the human monocytic cell line MM6 and human dendritic cells (DCs). 27481244 2 94 theme pathogen-associated 236:254 arg1 patterns 266:273 pathogen-associated molecular patterns 236:273 pathogen-associated molecular patterns 236:273 They contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of triggering innate immunity. 27481244 2 94 theme pathogen-associated 236:254 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 286:303 lipopolysaccharide 286:303 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 286:309 They contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of triggering innate immunity. 27481244 12 95 theme lipid 1797:1801 arg1 modification 1805:1816 lipid A modification 1797:1816 lipid A modification 1797:1816 Taken together, these data show that lipid A modification can be used to obtain OMVs with reduced activation of innate immunity, similar to what is found after detergent treatment. 27481244 11 96 theme alternative 1539:1549 arg1 structure 1570:1578 the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure 1535:1578 the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation 1535:1619 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 9 97 theme TLR2 1321:1324 arg1 ligands 1326:1332 multiple TLR2 ligands 1312:1332 multiple TLR2 ligands 1312:1332 Mutational removal of PorB or lipoprotein factor H binding protein (fHbp), two proteins known to trigger TLR2 signaling, had no effect, indicating that multiple TLR2 ligands are removed by detergent treatment. 27481244 11 98 dep cytokines 1665:1673 arg1 cytokines 1665:1673 proinflammatory cytokines 1649:1673 proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β 1649:1704 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 11 98 dep cytokines 1665:1673 arg1 IL-6 1690:1693 IL-6 1690:1693 IL-6 1690:1693 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 11 98 dep cytokines 1665:1673 arg1 IL-1β 1700:1704 IL-1β 1700:1704 IL-1β 1700:1704 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 27481244 11 98 dep cytokines 1665:1673 arg1 interleukin-6 1675:1687 interleukin-6 1675:1687 interleukin-6 (IL-6) 1675:1694 OMVs with the alternative penta-acylated LPS structure obtained after PagL-mediated deacylation showed reduced induction of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β but not of IP-10, a typical TRIF-dependent chemokine. 26354549 6 0 dep data 910:913 arg1 the 865:867 the 865:867 the 865:867 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 6 0 dep data 910:913 arg1 basis 869:873 basis 869:873 basis 869:873 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 15 1 theme strain 1851:1856 arg1 28145T 1889:1894 type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T 1846:1894 type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T 1846:1894 nov. (type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T). 26354549 13 2 theme HI12-135T = NBRC 1682:1697 arg1 nov 1664:1666 nov 1664:1666 nov 1664:1666 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 13 2 theme HI12-135T = NBRC 1682:1697 arg1 28152T 1713:1718 type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T 1670:1718 type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T 1670:1718 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 6 3 theme phylogenetic 897:908 arg1 data 910:913 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 878:913 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 878:913 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 3 4 theme A4α 550:552 arg1 type 554:557 the A4α type 546:557 the A4α type 546:557 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 6 5 theme phenotypic 882:891 arg1 data 910:913 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 878:913 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 878:913 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 10 6 theme strain 1409:1414 arg1 28146T 1447:1452 type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T 1404:1452 type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T 1404:1452 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 10 6 theme strain 1409:1414 arg1 nov 1398:1400 nov 1398:1400 nov 1398:1400 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 12 7 theme strain 1583:1588 arg1 28148T 1621:1626 type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T 1578:1626 type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T 1578:1626 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 12 7 theme strain 1583:1588 arg1 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 7 8 theme HI12-104T = NBRC 1149:1164 arg1 28144T 1180:1185 type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T 1137:1185 type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T 1137:1185 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 7 8 theme HI12-104T = NBRC 1149:1164 arg1 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 8 9 theme strain 1227:1232 arg1 28150T 1264:1269 type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T 1222:1269 type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T 1222:1269 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 8 9 theme strain 1227:1232 arg1 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 11 10 theme pelophilum 1557:1566 arg1 sp 1568:1569 Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp 1541:1569 Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp 1541:1569 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 11 10 theme pelophilum 1557:1566 arg1 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 3 11 theme interpeptide 567:578 arg1 bridge 580:585 an interpeptide bridge 564:585 an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit 564:662 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 12 12 theme HI12-111T = NBRC 1590:1605 arg1 28148T 1621:1626 type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T 1578:1626 type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T 1578:1626 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 12 12 theme HI12-111T = NBRC 1590:1605 arg1 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 8 13 theme 109391T = DSM 1250:1262 arg1 28150T 1264:1269 type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T 1222:1269 type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T 1222:1269 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 8 13 theme 109391T = DSM 1250:1262 arg1 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 2 14 theme Phylogenetic 309:320 arg1 analyses 322:329 Phylogenetic analyses 309:329 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 309:373 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 0 15 theme novel 17:21 arg1 species 23:29 nine novel species 12:29 nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium 12:58 Proposal of nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium and emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 26354549 6 16 theme nucleotide 935:944 arg1 values 955:960 average nucleotide identity values 927:960 average nucleotide identity values among the isolates 927:979 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 9 17 dep sp 1394:1395 arg1 nov 1309:1311 nov 1309:1311 nov 1309:1311 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 9 17 dep sp 1394:1395 arg1 28149T 1357:1362 type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T 1315:1362 type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T 1315:1362 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 8 18 theme Lysinimicrobium 1273:1287 arg1 sp 1305:1306 Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp 1273:1306 Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp 1273:1306 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 8 18 theme Lysinimicrobium 1273:1287 arg1 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 14 19 dep sp 1836:1837 arg1 28151T 1796:1801 type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T 1753:1801 type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T 1753:1801 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 14 19 dep sp 1836:1837 arg1 Lysinimicrobium 1808:1822 Lysinimicrobium 1808:1822 Lysinimicrobium 1808:1822 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 14 19 dep sp 1836:1837 arg1 nov 1747:1749 nov 1747:1749 nov 1747:1749 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 15 20 dep nov 1840:1842 arg1 28145T 1889:1894 type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T 1846:1894 type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T 1846:1894 nov. (type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T). 26354549 12 21 theme type 1578:1581 arg1 28148T 1621:1626 type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T 1578:1626 type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T 1578:1626 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 12 21 theme type 1578:1581 arg1 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 1 22 theme Gram-stain-positive 129:147 arg1 bacteria 149:156 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 114:156 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 114:156 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were isolated from various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26354549 4 23 theme menaquinone 681:691 arg1  0 769:770  0 769:770  0 769:770 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 4 23 theme menaquinone 681:691 arg1 H4 723:724 H4 723:724 H4 723:724 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 4 23 theme menaquinone 681:691 arg1 DMK-9 717:721 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9 665:721 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) 665:725 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 0 24 theme Lysinimicrobium 44:58 arg1 species 23:29 nine novel species 12:29 nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium 12:58 Proposal of nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium and emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 26354549 3 25 theme l-Ser 613:617 arg1 subunit 656:662 the peptide subunit 644:662 the peptide subunit 644:662 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 3 25 theme l-Ser 613:617 arg1 residue 619:625 an l-Ser residue 610:625 an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit 610:662 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 2 26 theme % 502:502 arg1 range 483:487 a similarity range 470:487 a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 % 470:502 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 4 27 theme demethylmenaquinone 697:715 arg1  0 769:770  0 769:770  0 769:770 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 4 27 theme demethylmenaquinone 697:715 arg1 H4 723:724 H4 723:724 H4 723:724 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 4 27 theme demethylmenaquinone 697:715 arg1 DMK-9 717:721 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9 665:721 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) 665:725 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 11 28 theme 109395T = DSM 1518:1530 arg1 28147T 1532:1537 type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T 1489:1537 type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T 1489:1537 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 11 28 theme 109395T = DSM 1518:1530 arg1 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 10 29 theme 109399T = DSM 1433:1445 arg1 28146T 1447:1452 type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T 1404:1452 type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T 1404:1452 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 10 29 theme 109399T = DSM 1433:1445 arg1 nov 1398:1400 nov 1398:1400 nov 1398:1400 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 11 30 theme strain 1494:1499 arg1 28147T 1532:1537 type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T 1489:1537 type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T 1489:1537 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 11 30 theme strain 1494:1499 arg1 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 7 31 theme Lysinimicrobium 1189:1203 arg1 sp 1212:1213 Lysinimicrobium flavum sp 1189:1213 Lysinimicrobium flavum sp 1189:1213 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 7 31 theme Lysinimicrobium 1189:1203 arg1 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 13 32 theme type 1670:1673 arg1 nov 1664:1666 nov 1664:1666 nov 1664:1666 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 13 32 theme type 1670:1673 arg1 28152T 1713:1718 type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T 1670:1718 type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T 1670:1718 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 0 33 theme genus 91:95 arg1 Lysinimicrobium 97:111 the genus Lysinimicrobium 87:111 the genus Lysinimicrobium 87:111 Proposal of nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium and emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 26354549 6 34 theme novel 1057:1061 arg1 species 1063:1069 the following nine novel species 1038:1069 the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1038:1128 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 3 35 theme isolates 530:537 arg1 peptidoglycan 509:521 The peptidoglycan 505:521 The peptidoglycan of the isolates 505:537 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 10 36 theme Lysinimicrobium 1456:1470 arg1 sp 1479:1480 Lysinimicrobium luteum sp 1456:1480 Lysinimicrobium luteum sp 1456:1480 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 7 37 theme 109392T = DSM 1166:1178 arg1 28144T 1180:1185 type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T 1137:1185 type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T 1137:1185 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 7 37 theme 109392T = DSM 1166:1178 arg1 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 9 38 theme type 1315:1318 arg1 nov 1309:1311 nov 1309:1311 nov 1309:1311 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 9 38 theme type 1315:1318 arg1 28149T 1357:1362 type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T 1315:1362 type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T 1315:1362 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 13 39 dep sp 1743:1744 arg1 nov 1664:1666 nov 1664:1666 nov 1664:1666 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 13 39 dep sp 1743:1744 arg1 28152T 1713:1718 type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T 1670:1718 type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T 1670:1718 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 12 40 theme Lysinimicrobium 1630:1644 arg1 sp 1660:1661 Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp 1630:1661 Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp 1630:1661 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 12 40 theme Lysinimicrobium 1630:1644 arg1 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 6 41 theme following 1042:1050 arg1 species 1063:1069 the following nine novel species 1038:1069 the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1038:1128 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 4 42 theme fatty 741:745 arg1  0 769:770  0 769:770  0 769:770 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 4 42 theme fatty 741:745 arg1 acid 747:750 the major fatty acid 731:750 the major fatty acid 731:750 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 2 43 theme Lysinimicrobium 430:444 arg1 HI08-69T 455:462 Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T 430:462 Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T 430:462 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 7 44 theme strain 1142:1147 arg1 28144T 1180:1185 type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T 1137:1185 type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T 1137:1185 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 7 44 theme strain 1142:1147 arg1 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 9 45 theme HI12-44T = NBRC 1327:1341 arg1 nov 1309:1311 nov 1309:1311 nov 1309:1311 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 9 45 theme HI12-44T = NBRC 1327:1341 arg1 28149T 1357:1362 type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T 1315:1362 type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T 1315:1362 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 0 46 theme species 23:29 arg1 Proposal 0:7 Proposal 0:7 Proposal of nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium 0:58 Proposal of nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium and emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 26354549 2 47 theme similarity 472:481 arg1 range 483:487 a similarity range 470:487 a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 % 470:502 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 2 48 theme sequence 354:361 arg1 comparisons 363:373 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 340:373 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 340:373 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 5 49 theme chemotaxonomic 779:792 arg1 characteristics 794:808 These chemotaxonomic characteristics 773:808 These chemotaxonomic characteristics 773:808 These chemotaxonomic characteristics corresponded to those of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 26354549 14 50 theme 109394T = DSM 1782:1794 arg1 28151T 1796:1801 type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T 1753:1801 type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T 1753:1801 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 14 50 theme 109394T = DSM 1782:1794 arg1 nov 1747:1749 nov 1747:1749 nov 1747:1749 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 6 51 theme aestuarii 1117:1125 arg1 sp 1127:1128 the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1074:1128 the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1074:1128 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 2 52 theme rRNA 344:347 arg1 comparisons 363:373 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 340:373 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 340:373 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 9 53 theme iriomotense 1382:1392 arg1 sp 1394:1395 Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp 1366:1395 Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp 1366:1395 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 16 54 theme Lysinimicrobium 1947:1961 arg1 description 1922:1932 an emended description 1911:1932 an emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium 1911:1961 In addition, an emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium is proposed. 26354549 15 55 theme HI12-128T = NBRC 1858:1873 arg1 28145T 1889:1894 type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T 1846:1894 type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T 1846:1894 nov. (type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T). 26354549 3 56 theme subunit 656:662 arg1 Ser-Glu 598:604 Ser-Glu 598:604 Ser-Glu 598:604 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 3 56 theme subunit 656:662 arg1 subunit 656:662 the peptide subunit 644:662 the peptide subunit 644:662 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 3 56 theme subunit 656:662 arg1 residue 619:625 an l-Ser residue 610:625 an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit 610:662 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 6 57 theme genus 1078:1082 arg1 sp 1127:1128 the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1074:1128 the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1074:1128 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 15 58 theme type 1846:1849 arg1 28145T 1889:1894 type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T 1846:1894 type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T 1846:1894 nov. (type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T). 26354549 3 59 from position 630:637 arg1 Ser-Glu 598:604 Ser-Glu 598:604 Ser-Glu 598:604 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 3 59 from position 630:637 arg1 subunit 656:662 the peptide subunit 644:662 the peptide subunit 644:662 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 3 59 from position 630:637 arg1 residue 619:625 an l-Ser residue 610:625 an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit 610:662 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 11 60 theme Lysinimicrobium 1541:1555 arg1 sp 1568:1569 Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp 1541:1569 Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp 1541:1569 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 11 60 theme Lysinimicrobium 1541:1555 arg1 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 2 61 with clade 419:423 arg1 HI08-69T 455:462 Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T 430:462 Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T 430:462 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 1 62 theme various 177:183 arg1 samples 185:191 various samples 177:191 various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan 177:232 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were isolated from various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26354549 13 63 theme Lysinimicrobium 1722:1736 arg1 sp 1743:1744 Lysinimicrobium soli sp 1722:1744 Lysinimicrobium soli sp 1722:1744 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 1 64 attach isolated 163:170 arg2 bacteria 149:156 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 114:156 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 114:156 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were isolated from various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26354549 1 64 attach isolated 163:170 arg1 samples 185:191 various samples 177:191 various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan 177:232 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were isolated from various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26354549 10 65 theme type 1404:1407 arg1 28146T 1447:1452 type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T 1404:1452 type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T 1404:1452 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 10 65 theme type 1404:1407 arg1 nov 1398:1400 nov 1398:1400 nov 1398:1400 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 9 66 theme strain 1320:1325 arg1 nov 1309:1311 nov 1309:1311 nov 1309:1311 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 9 66 theme strain 1320:1325 arg1 28149T 1357:1362 type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T 1315:1362 type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T 1315:1362 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 12 67 theme 109393T = DSM 1607:1619 arg1 28148T 1621:1626 type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T 1578:1626 type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T 1578:1626 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 12 67 theme 109393T = DSM 1607:1619 arg1 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 8 68 theme type 1222:1225 arg1 28150T 1264:1269 type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T 1222:1269 type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T 1222:1269 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 8 68 theme type 1222:1225 arg1 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 1 69 theme mangrove 208:215 arg1 forests 217:223 mangrove forests 208:223 mangrove forests in Japan 208:232 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were isolated from various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26354549 8 70 theme HI12-45T = NBRC 1234:1248 arg1 28150T 1264:1269 type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T 1222:1269 type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T 1222:1269 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 8 70 theme HI12-45T = NBRC 1234:1248 arg1 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 13 71 theme soli 1738:1741 arg1 sp 1743:1744 Lysinimicrobium soli sp 1722:1744 Lysinimicrobium soli sp 1722:1744 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 5 72 theme genus 839:843 arg1 Lysinimicrobium 845:859 the genus Lysinimicrobium 835:859 the genus Lysinimicrobium 835:859 These chemotaxonomic characteristics corresponded to those of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 26354549 6 73 theme identity 946:953 arg1 values 955:960 average nucleotide identity values 927:960 average nucleotide identity values among the isolates 927:979 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 14 74 theme HI12-122T = NBRC 1765:1780 arg1 28151T 1796:1801 type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T 1753:1801 type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T 1753:1801 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 14 74 theme HI12-122T = NBRC 1765:1780 arg1 nov 1747:1749 nov 1747:1749 nov 1747:1749 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 6 75 theme average 927:933 arg1 values 955:960 average nucleotide identity values 927:960 average nucleotide identity values among the isolates 927:979 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 14 76 theme subtropicum 1824:1834 arg1 sp 1836:1837 subtropicum sp 1824:1837 subtropicum sp 1824:1837 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 7 77 theme type 1137:1140 arg1 28144T 1180:1185 type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T 1137:1185 type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T 1137:1185 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 7 77 theme type 1137:1140 arg1 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 1 78 from forests 217:223 arg1 Japan 228:232 Japan 228:232 Japan 228:232 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were isolated from various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26354549 1 79 theme novel 123:127 arg1 bacteria 149:156 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 114:156 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria 114:156 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were isolated from various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26354549 8 80 theme gelatinilyticum 1289:1303 arg1 sp 1305:1306 Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp 1273:1306 Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp 1273:1306 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 8 80 theme gelatinilyticum 1289:1303 arg1 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov 1216:1218 nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. 26354549 4 81 theme predominant 669:679 arg1  0 769:770  0 769:770  0 769:770 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 4 81 theme predominant 669:679 arg1 H4 723:724 H4 723:724 H4 723:724 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 4 81 theme predominant 669:679 arg1 DMK-9 717:721 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9 665:721 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) 665:725 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 11 82 theme HI12-123T = NBRC 1501:1516 arg1 28147T 1532:1537 type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T 1489:1537 type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T 1489:1537 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 11 82 theme HI12-123T = NBRC 1501:1516 arg1 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 7 83 theme flavum 1205:1210 arg1 sp 1212:1213 Lysinimicrobium flavum sp 1189:1213 Lysinimicrobium flavum sp 1189:1213 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 7 83 theme flavum 1205:1210 arg1 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov 1131:1133 nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. 26354549 4 84 theme was 693:695 arg1  0 769:770  0 769:770  0 769:770 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 4 84 theme was 693:695 arg1 H4 723:724 H4 723:724 H4 723:724 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 4 84 theme was 693:695 arg1 DMK-9 717:721 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9 665:721 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) 665:725 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 11 85 theme type 1489:1492 arg1 28147T 1532:1537 type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T 1489:1537 type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T 1489:1537 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 11 85 theme type 1489:1492 arg1 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov 1483:1485 nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. 26354549 10 86 theme HI12-143T = NBRC 1416:1431 arg1 28146T 1447:1452 type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T 1404:1452 type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T 1404:1452 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 10 86 theme HI12-143T = NBRC 1416:1431 arg1 nov 1398:1400 nov 1398:1400 nov 1398:1400 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 14 87 theme strain 1758:1763 arg1 28151T 1796:1801 type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T 1753:1801 type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T 1753:1801 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 14 87 theme strain 1758:1763 arg1 nov 1747:1749 nov 1747:1749 nov 1747:1749 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 0 88 theme Lysinimicrobium 97:111 arg1 description 72:82 description 72:82 description of the genus Lysinimicrobium 72:111 Proposal of nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium and emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 26354549 13 89 theme strain 1675:1680 arg1 nov 1664:1666 nov 1664:1666 nov 1664:1666 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 13 89 theme strain 1675:1680 arg1 28152T 1713:1718 type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T 1670:1718 type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T 1670:1718 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 3 90 with type 554:557 arg1 bridge 580:585 an interpeptide bridge 564:585 an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit 564:662 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 13 91 theme 109397T = DSM 1699:1711 arg1 nov 1664:1666 nov 1664:1666 nov 1664:1666 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 13 91 theme 109397T = DSM 1699:1711 arg1 28152T 1713:1718 type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T 1670:1718 type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T 1670:1718 nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. 26354549 10 92 dep sp 1479:1480 arg1 28146T 1447:1452 type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T 1404:1452 type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T 1404:1452 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 10 92 dep sp 1479:1480 arg1 nov 1398:1400 nov 1398:1400 nov 1398:1400 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 1 93 theme polyphasic 288:297 arg1 approach 299:306 a polyphasic approach 286:306 a polyphasic approach 286:306 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were isolated from various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26354549 2 94 theme mangrovi 446:453 arg1 HI08-69T 455:462 Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T 430:462 Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T 430:462 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 4 95 theme major 735:739 arg1  0 769:770  0 769:770  0 769:770 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 4 95 theme major 735:739 arg1 acid 747:750 the major fatty acid 731:750 the major fatty acid 731:750 The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 26354549 9 96 theme 109390T = DSM 1343:1355 arg1 nov 1309:1311 nov 1309:1311 nov 1309:1311 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 9 96 theme 109390T = DSM 1343:1355 arg1 28149T 1357:1362 type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T 1315:1362 type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T 1315:1362 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 16 97 theme emended 1914:1920 arg1 description 1922:1932 an emended description 1911:1932 an emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium 1911:1961 In addition, an emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium is proposed. 26354549 12 98 theme rhizosphaerae 1646:1658 arg1 sp 1660:1661 Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp 1630:1661 Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp 1630:1661 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 12 98 theme rhizosphaerae 1646:1658 arg1 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov 1572:1574 nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. 26354549 2 99 theme single 412:417 arg1 clade 419:423 a single clade 410:423 a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T 410:462 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 0 100 theme genus 38:42 arg1 Lysinimicrobium 44:58 the genus Lysinimicrobium 34:58 the genus Lysinimicrobium 34:58 Proposal of nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium and emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium. 26354549 16 101 theme genus 1941:1945 arg1 Lysinimicrobium 1947:1961 the genus Lysinimicrobium 1937:1961 the genus Lysinimicrobium 1937:1961 In addition, an emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium is proposed. 26354549 6 102 theme sp 1127:1128 arg1 species 1063:1069 the following nine novel species 1038:1069 the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1038:1128 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 2 103 theme gene 349:352 arg1 comparisons 363:373 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 340:373 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 340:373 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 9 104 theme Lysinimicrobium 1366:1380 arg1 sp 1394:1395 Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp 1366:1395 Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp 1366:1395 nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. 26354549 6 105 theme Lysinimicrobium 1101:1115 arg1 sp 1127:1128 the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1074:1128 the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1074:1128 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 3 106 theme peptide 648:654 arg1 subunit 656:662 the peptide subunit 644:662 the peptide subunit 644:662 The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26354549 2 107 theme 16S 340:342 arg1 comparisons 363:373 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 340:373 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 340:373 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. 26354549 14 108 theme type 1753:1756 arg1 28151T 1796:1801 type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T 1753:1801 type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T 1753:1801 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 14 108 theme type 1753:1756 arg1 nov 1747:1749 nov 1747:1749 nov 1747:1749 nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. 26354549 6 109 theme Lysinimicrobium 1084:1098 arg1 sp 1127:1128 the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1074:1128 the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp 1074:1128 On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. 26354549 15 110 theme 109396T = DSM 1875:1887 arg1 28145T 1889:1894 type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T 1846:1894 type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T 1846:1894 nov. (type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T). 26354549 10 111 dep Lysinimicrobium 1456:1470 arg1 luteum 1472:1477 luteum 1472:1477 luteum 1472:1477 nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. 26354549 1 112 theme taxonomic 245:253 arg1 positions 255:263 their taxonomic positions 239:263 their taxonomic positions 239:263 Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were isolated from various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 26297378 10 0 theme nearest 1058:1064 arg1 neighbour 1066:1074 their nearest neighbour 1052:1074 their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) 1052:1102 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 10 0 theme nearest 1058:1064 arg1 KCTC-13918T 1091:1101 KCTC-13918T 1091:1101 KCTC-13918T 1091:1101 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 12 1 theme related 1400:1406 arg1 species 1408:1414 the two most closely related species 1379:1414 the two most closely related species in that they did not metabolize maltose, d-galactose, d-sorbitol or d-gluconic acid 1379:1498 In addition, the strains differed from the two most closely related species in that they did not metabolize maltose, d-galactose, d-sorbitol or d-gluconic acid. 26297378 5 2 theme pH 5-10 612:618 arg1 media 603:607 media 603:607 media of pH 5-10 603:618 Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5-10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0). 26297378 9 3 theme major 839:843 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 863:884 diphosphatidylglycerol 863:884 diphosphatidylglycerol 863:884 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. 26297378 9 3 theme major 839:843 arg1 lipids 851:856 The major polar lipids 835:856 The major polar lipids 835:856 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. 26297378 14 4 dep name 1679:1682 arg1 sp 1711:1712 Bacillus glycinifermentans sp 1684:1712 the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp 1675:1712 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 2 5 theme Gram-stain-positive 106:124 arg1 bacterium 171:179 a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 104:179 a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 104:179 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 14 6 dep genus 1649:1653 arg1 Bacillus 1655:1662 the genus Bacillus 1645:1662 the genus Bacillus 1645:1662 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 10 7 with hybridizations 1032:1045 arg1 neighbour 1066:1074 their nearest neighbour 1052:1074 their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) 1052:1102 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 10 7 with hybridizations 1032:1045 arg1 KCTC-13918T 1091:1101 KCTC-13918T 1091:1101 KCTC-13918T 1091:1101 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 14 8 theme genus 1649:1653 arg1 species 1634:1640 a novel species 1626:1640 a novel species 1626:1640 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 14 9 theme phenotypic 1581:1590 arg1 analyses 1592:1599 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1564:1599 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1564:1599 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 5 10 theme optimal 621:627 arg1 growth 629:634 optimal growth 621:634 optimal growth at pH 7.0 621:644 Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5-10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0). 26297378 13 11 theme DNA 1505:1507 arg1 content 1513:1519 The DNA G+C content 1501:1519 The DNA G+C content 1501:1519 The DNA G+C content was 45.9 mol%. 26297378 13 11 theme DNA 1505:1507 arg1 % 1533:1533 45.9 mol% 1525:1533 45.9 mol% 1525:1533 The DNA G+C content was 45.9 mol%. 26297378 1 12 theme fermented 51:59 arg1 paste 69:73 fermented soybean paste 51:73 fermented soybean paste 51:73 nov., isolated from fermented soybean paste. 26297378 10 13 dep in 1014:1015 arg1 silico 1017:1022 silico 1017:1022 silico 1017:1022 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 11 14 theme strains 1241:1247 arg1 genome 1215:1220 the core genome 1206:1220 the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group 1206:1278 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 11 14 theme strains 1241:1247 arg1 genes 1227:1231 799 genes 1223:1231 799 genes 1223:1231 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 1 15 theme soybean 61:67 arg1 paste 69:73 fermented soybean paste 51:73 fermented soybean paste 51:73 nov., isolated from fermented soybean paste. 26297378 6 16 theme fatty 673:677 arg1 anteiso-C15  690:701 anteiso-C15  690:701 anteiso-C15  690:701 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297378 6 16 theme fatty 673:677 arg1 acids 679:683 The predominant cellular fatty acids 648:683 The predominant cellular fatty acids 648:683 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297378 12 17 theme d-gluconic 1484:1493 arg1 acid 1495:1498 d-gluconic acid 1484:1498 d-gluconic acid 1484:1498 In addition, the strains differed from the two most closely related species in that they did not metabolize maltose, d-galactose, d-sorbitol or d-gluconic acid. 26297378 14 18 theme analyses 1592:1599 arg1 consensus 1551:1559 the consensus 1547:1559 the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1547:1599 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 4 19 dep % 556:556 arg1 8  554:555 8  554:555 8  554:555 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 15 and 55 °C and to tolerate up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297378 4 19 dep % 556:556 arg1 w/v 559:561 w/v 559:561 w/v 559:561 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 15 and 55 °C and to tolerate up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297378 11 20 theme Phylogenomic 1150:1161 arg1 analysis 1163:1170 Phylogenomic analysis 1150:1170 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes 1150:1185 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 6 21 theme cellular 664:671 arg1 anteiso-C15  690:701 anteiso-C15  690:701 anteiso-C15  690:701 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297378 6 21 theme cellular 664:671 arg1 acids 679:683 The predominant cellular fatty acids 648:683 The predominant cellular fatty acids 648:683 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297378 11 22 theme distinct 1309:1316 arg1 cluster 1331:1337 a distinct monophyletic cluster 1307:1337 a distinct monophyletic cluster 1307:1337 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 9 23 theme unknown 941:947 arg1 glycolipid 949:958 an unknown glycolipid 938:958 an unknown glycolipid 938:958 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. 26297378 4 24 dep 8  554:555 arg1 to 551:552 to 551:552 to 551:552 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 15 and 55 °C and to tolerate up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297378 3 25 theme Preliminary 263:273 arg1 analysis 286:293 Preliminary sequencing analysis 263:293 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 263:314 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T. 26297378 6 26 theme predominant 652:662 arg1 anteiso-C15  690:701 anteiso-C15  690:701 anteiso-C15  690:701 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297378 6 26 theme predominant 652:662 arg1 acids 679:683 The predominant cellular fatty acids 648:683 The predominant cellular fatty acids 648:683 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297378 16 27 theme type 1737:1740 arg1 GO-13T 1752:1757 GO-13T 1752:1757 GO-13T ( = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T) 1752:1790 The type strain is GO-13T ( = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T). 26297378 16 27 theme type 1737:1740 arg1 strain 1742:1747 The type strain 1733:1747 The type strain 1733:1747 The type strain is GO-13T ( = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T). 26297378 0 28 theme glycinifermentans 9:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Bacillus glycinifermentans sp 0:28 Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 0:29 Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 11 29 theme Bacillus 1256:1263 arg1 group 1274:1278 the Bacillus subtilis group 1252:1278 the Bacillus subtilis group 1252:1278 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 14 30 theme phylogenetic 1564:1575 arg1 analyses 1592:1599 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1564:1599 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1564:1599 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 0 31 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 27:28 Bacillus glycinifermentans sp 0:28 Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 0:29 Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 8 32 contain contained 799:807 arg1 peptidoglycan 785:797 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 771:797 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 771:797 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26297378 8 32 contain contained 799:807 arg2 acid 829:832 meso-diaminopimelic acid 809:832 meso-diaminopimelic acid 809:832 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26297378 10 33 theme % 1118:1118 arg1 relatedness 1120:1130 29.9 % relatedness 1113:1130 29.9 % relatedness for both strains 1113:1147 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 13 34 theme G+C 1509:1511 arg1 content 1513:1519 The DNA G+C content 1501:1519 The DNA G+C content 1501:1519 The DNA G+C content was 45.9 mol%. 26297378 13 34 theme G+C 1509:1511 arg1 % 1533:1533 45.9 mol% 1525:1533 45.9 mol% 1525:1533 The DNA G+C content was 45.9 mol%. 26297378 11 35 theme genomes 1179:1185 arg1 analysis 1163:1170 Phylogenomic analysis 1150:1170 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes 1150:1185 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 3 36 theme sonorensis 383:392 arg1 13T 437:439 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 374:439 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 374:439 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T. 26297378 10 37 theme 29.9  1113:1117 arg1 % 1118:1118 % 1118:1118 % 1118:1118 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 10 38 theme in 1014:1015 arg1 hybridizations 1032:1045 in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations 1014:1045 in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) 1014:1102 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 3 39 theme DSM 433:435 arg1 13T 437:439 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 374:439 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 374:439 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T. 26297378 8 40 theme meso-diaminopimelic 809:827 arg1 acid 829:832 meso-diaminopimelic acid 809:832 meso-diaminopimelic acid 809:832 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26297378 3 41 theme sequencing 275:284 arg1 analysis 286:293 Preliminary sequencing analysis 263:293 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 263:314 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T. 26297378 4 42 dep NaCl 564:567 arg1 % 556:556 % 556:556 % 556:556 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 15 and 55 °C and to tolerate up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297378 2 43 theme paste 243:247 arg1 product 254:260 a Korean fermented soybean paste food product 216:260 a Korean fermented soybean paste food product 216:260 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 2 43 theme paste 243:247 arg1 cheonggukjang 201:213 cheonggukjang 201:213 cheonggukjang 201:213 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 106:124 arg1 rod-shaped 160:169 rod-shaped 160:169 rod-shaped 160:169 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 106:124 arg1 motile 152:157 motile 152:157 motile 152:157 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 106:124 arg1 anaerobic 141:149 anaerobic 141:149 anaerobic 141:149 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 11 45 theme core 1210:1213 arg1 genome 1215:1220 the core genome 1206:1220 the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group 1206:1278 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 11 45 theme core 1210:1213 arg1 genes 1227:1231 799 genes 1223:1231 799 genes 1223:1231 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 2 46 theme bacterium 171:179 arg1 isolates 92:99 Two independent isolates 76:99 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 76:179 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 2 47 theme soybean 235:241 arg1 product 254:260 a Korean fermented soybean paste food product 216:260 a Korean fermented soybean paste food product 216:260 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 2 47 theme soybean 235:241 arg1 cheonggukjang 201:213 cheonggukjang 201:213 cheonggukjang 201:213 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 5 48 dep grew 595:598 arg1 growth 629:634 optimal growth 621:634 optimal growth at pH 7.0 621:644 Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5-10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0). 26297378 7 49 theme isoprenoid 726:735 arg1 menaquinone 749:759 menaquinone 7 749:761 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 749:768 The isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 26297378 7 49 theme isoprenoid 726:735 arg1 quinone 737:743 The isoprenoid quinone 722:743 The isoprenoid quinone 722:743 The isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 26297378 3 50 theme gene 311:314 arg1 analysis 286:293 Preliminary sequencing analysis 263:293 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 263:314 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T. 26297378 4 51 theme novel 478:482 arg1 strains 484:490 the novel strains 474:490 the novel strains 474:490 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 15 and 55 °C and to tolerate up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297378 2 52 theme fermented 225:233 arg1 product 254:260 a Korean fermented soybean paste food product 216:260 a Korean fermented soybean paste food product 216:260 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 2 52 theme fermented 225:233 arg1 cheonggukjang 201:213 cheonggukjang 201:213 cheonggukjang 201:213 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 3 53 theme licheniformis 419:431 arg1 13T 437:439 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 374:439 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 374:439 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T. 26297378 2 54 theme independent 80:90 arg1 isolates 92:99 Two independent isolates 76:99 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 76:179 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 9 55 theme polar 845:849 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 863:884 diphosphatidylglycerol 863:884 diphosphatidylglycerol 863:884 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. 26297378 9 55 theme polar 845:849 arg1 lipids 851:856 The major polar lipids 835:856 The major polar lipids 835:856 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. 26297378 14 56 theme novel 1628:1632 arg1 species 1634:1640 a novel species 1626:1640 a novel species 1626:1640 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 2 57 theme Korean 218:223 arg1 product 254:260 a Korean fermented soybean paste food product 216:260 a Korean fermented soybean paste food product 216:260 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 2 57 theme Korean 218:223 arg1 cheonggukjang 201:213 cheonggukjang 201:213 cheonggukjang 201:213 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 3 58 theme 16S 302:304 arg1 gene 311:314 the 16S rRNA gene 298:314 the 16S rRNA gene 298:314 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T. 26297378 10 59 theme strains 986:992 arg1 genomes 967:973 Draft genomes 961:973 Draft genomes of the two strains 961:992 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 10 60 theme Draft 961:965 arg1 genomes 967:973 Draft genomes 961:973 Draft genomes of the two strains 961:992 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 11 61 theme monophyletic 1318:1329 arg1 cluster 1331:1337 a distinct monophyletic cluster 1307:1337 a distinct monophyletic cluster 1307:1337 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 14 62 theme glycinifermentans 1693:1709 arg1 sp 1711:1712 Bacillus glycinifermentans sp 1684:1712 the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp 1675:1712 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 3 63 theme rRNA 306:309 arg1 gene 311:314 the 16S rRNA gene 298:314 the 16S rRNA gene 298:314 Preliminary sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T. 26297378 10 64 theme DNA-DNA 1024:1030 arg1 hybridizations 1032:1045 in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations 1014:1045 in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) 1014:1102 Draft genomes of the two strains were determined and in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations with their nearest neighbour (B. sonorensis KCTC-13918T) revealed 29.9 % relatedness for both strains. 26297378 16 65 theme  = KACC 1760:1766 arg1 GO-13T 1752:1757 GO-13T 1752:1757 GO-13T ( = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T) 1752:1790 The type strain is GO-13T ( = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T). 26297378 16 65 theme  = KACC 1760:1766 arg1 B-65291T 1782:1789  = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T 1760:1789  = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T 1760:1789 The type strain is GO-13T ( = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T). 26297378 11 66 dep Bacillus 1256:1263 arg1 subtilis 1265:1272 subtilis 1265:1272 subtilis 1265:1272 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 14 67 theme Bacillus 1684:1691 arg1 sp 1711:1712 Bacillus glycinifermentans sp 1684:1712 the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp 1675:1712 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus glycinifermentans sp. 26297378 4 68 theme phenotypic 445:454 arg1 characterization 456:471 phenotypic characterization 445:471 phenotypic characterization 445:471 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 15 and 55 °C and to tolerate up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297378 16 69 theme 18425T = NRRL 1768:1780 arg1 GO-13T 1752:1757 GO-13T 1752:1757 GO-13T ( = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T) 1752:1790 The type strain is GO-13T ( = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T). 26297378 16 69 theme 18425T = NRRL 1768:1780 arg1 B-65291T 1782:1789  = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T 1760:1789  = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T 1760:1789 The type strain is GO-13T ( = KACC 18425T = NRRL B-65291T). 26297378 6 70 dep anteiso-C15  690:701 arg1  0 719:720  0 719:720 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 690:720 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297378 6 70 dep anteiso-C15  690:701 arg1 iso-C15  710:717 iso-C15  710:717 iso-C15  710:717 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297378 6 70 dep anteiso-C15  690:701 arg1  0 703:704  0 703:704  0 703:704 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297378 11 71 from genome 1215:1220 arg1 group 1274:1278 the Bacillus subtilis group 1252:1278 the Bacillus subtilis group 1252:1278 Phylogenomic analysis of the genomes was conducted with the core genome (799 genes) of all strains in the Bacillus subtilis group and the two strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster. 26297378 13 72 theme 45.9 mol 1525:1532 arg1 content 1513:1519 The DNA G+C content 1501:1519 The DNA G+C content 1501:1519 The DNA G+C content was 45.9 mol%. 26297378 13 72 theme 45.9 mol 1525:1532 arg1 % 1533:1533 45.9 mol% 1525:1533 45.9 mol% 1525:1533 The DNA G+C content was 45.9 mol%. 26297378 2 73 theme food 249:252 arg1 product 254:260 a Korean fermented soybean paste food product 216:260 a Korean fermented soybean paste food product 216:260 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 2 73 theme food 249:252 arg1 cheonggukjang 201:213 cheonggukjang 201:213 cheonggukjang 201:213 Two independent isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium were recovered from cheonggukjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste food product. 26297378 4 74 located found 497:501 arg2 strains 484:490 the novel strains 474:490 the novel strains 474:490 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 15 and 55 °C and to tolerate up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297378 4 74 located found 497:501 arg1 characterization 456:471 phenotypic characterization 445:471 phenotypic characterization 445:471 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 15 and 55 °C and to tolerate up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. 26297378 8 75 theme cell-wall 775:783 arg1 peptidoglycan 785:797 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 771:797 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 771:797 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26297378 5 76 from pH 7.0 639:644 arg1 growth 629:634 optimal growth 621:634 optimal growth at pH 7.0 621:644 Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5-10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0). 26296568 11 0 theme G+C 1251:1253 arg1 content 1255:1261 The DNA G+C content 1243:1261 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T 1243:1278 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T was 45.9 % (determined from the genome sequence). 26296568 11 0 theme G+C 1251:1253 arg1 % 1289:1289 45.9 % 1284:1289 45.9 % 1284:1289 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T was 45.9 % (determined from the genome sequence). 26296568 3 1 theme Phylogenetic 236:247 arg1 analysis 249:256 Phylogenetic analysis 236:256 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 236:277 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 6 2 theme fatty 656:660 arg1 acids 662:666 The predominant cellular fatty acids 631:666 The predominant cellular fatty acids 631:666 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (37.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (31.5 %). 26296568 4 3 dep % 534:534 arg1 10  531:533 10  531:533 10  531:533 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strain was found to grow at 15–60 °C and to tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296568 4 3 dep % 534:534 arg1 w/v 537:539 w/v 537:539 w/v 537:539 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strain was found to grow at 15–60 °C and to tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296568 10 4 theme genomes 976:982 arg1 analysis 950:957 Phylogenomic analysis 937:957 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group 937:1023 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 10 5 from group 1019:1023 arg1 genomes 976:982 all published genomes 962:982 all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group 962:1023 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 10 6 theme DSM 1157:1159 arg1 13T 1161:1163 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 1140:1163 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 1140:1163 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 4 7 dep NaCl 542:545 arg1 % 534:534 % 534:534 % 534:534 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strain was found to grow at 15–60 °C and to tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296568 3 8 theme 99.5  366:370 arg1 Bacillus 333:340 Bacillus 333:340 Bacillus 333:340 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 3 8 theme 99.5  366:370 arg1 similarity 373:382 99.5 % similarity 366:382 99.5 % similarity 366:382 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 2 9 theme Gram-stain-positive 92:110 arg1 bacterium 176:184 a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 90:184 a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 90:184 An isolate of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium was recovered from soybean-based fermented paste. 26296568 13 10 theme phylogenetic 1572:1583 arg1 analyses 1600:1607 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1572:1607 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1572:1607 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that this strain represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 26296568 1 11 theme fermented 51:59 arg1 paste 69:73 fermented soybean paste 51:73 fermented soybean paste 51:73 nov., isolated from fermented soybean paste. 26296568 13 12 theme novel 1652:1656 arg1 species 1658:1664 a novel species 1650:1664 a novel species 1650:1664 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that this strain represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 26296568 3 13 theme % 371:371 arg1 Bacillus 333:340 Bacillus 333:340 Bacillus 333:340 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 3 13 theme % 371:371 arg1 similarity 373:382 99.5 % similarity 366:382 99.5 % similarity 366:382 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 4 14 theme novel 466:470 arg1 strain 472:477 the novel strain 462:477 the novel strain 462:477 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strain was found to grow at 15–60 °C and to tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296568 5 15 theme optimal 600:606 arg1 growth 608:613 optimal growth 600:613 optimal growth at pH 7.0–8.0 600:627 Furthermore, the strain grew in media with pH 6–11 (optimal growth at pH 7.0–8.0). 26296568 1 16 theme soybean 61:67 arg1 paste 69:73 fermented soybean paste 51:73 fermented soybean paste 51:73 nov., isolated from fermented soybean paste. 26296568 6 17 theme cellular 647:654 arg1 acids 662:666 The predominant cellular fatty acids 631:666 The predominant cellular fatty acids 631:666 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (37.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (31.5 %). 26296568 9 18 theme draft 851:855 arg1 sequence 864:871 A draft genome sequence 849:871 A draft genome sequence of the strain 849:885 A draft genome sequence of the strain was completed and used for phylogenetic analysis. 26296568 4 19 dep 10  531:533 arg1 to 528:529 to 528:529 to 528:529 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strain was found to grow at 15–60 °C and to tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296568 3 20 theme 16S 265:267 arg1 gene 274:277 the 16S rRNA gene 261:277 the 16S rRNA gene 261:277 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 6 21 theme predominant 635:645 arg1 acids 662:666 The predominant cellular fatty acids 631:666 The predominant cellular fatty acids 631:666 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (37.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (31.5 %). 26296568 14 22 theme strain 1771:1776 arg1 KJ-16T 1778:1783 type strain KJ-16T 1766:1783 type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T) 1766:1816 nov. is proposed, with type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T). 26296568 14 22 theme strain 1771:1776 arg1 B-65293T 1808:1815  = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T 1786:1815  = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T 1786:1815 nov. is proposed, with type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T). 26296568 5 23 dep grew 572:575 arg1 growth 608:613 optimal growth 600:613 optimal growth at pH 7.0–8.0 600:627 Furthermore, the strain grew in media with pH 6–11 (optimal growth at pH 7.0–8.0). 26296568 3 24 theme rRNA 269:272 arg1 gene 274:277 the 16S rRNA gene 261:277 the 16S rRNA gene 261:277 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 0 25 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 27:28 Bacillus paralicheniformis sp 0:28 Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 0:29 Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 26296568 7 26 theme predominant 728:738 arg1 menaquinone 763:773 menaquinone 7 763:775 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 763:782 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 26296568 7 26 theme predominant 728:738 arg1 quinone 751:757 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 724:757 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 724:757 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 26296568 11 27 theme KJ-16T 1273:1278 arg1 content 1255:1261 The DNA G+C content 1243:1261 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T 1243:1278 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T was 45.9 % (determined from the genome sequence). 26296568 11 27 theme KJ-16T 1273:1278 arg1 % 1289:1289 45.9 % 1284:1289 45.9 % 1284:1289 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T was 45.9 % (determined from the genome sequence). 26296568 0 28 theme paralicheniformis 9:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Bacillus paralicheniformis sp 0:28 Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 0:29 Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 26296568 14 29 theme type 1766:1769 arg1 KJ-16T 1778:1783 type strain KJ-16T 1766:1783 type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T) 1766:1816 nov. is proposed, with type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T). 26296568 14 29 theme type 1766:1769 arg1 B-65293T 1808:1815  = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T 1786:1815  = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T 1786:1815 nov. is proposed, with type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T). 26296568 11 30 theme genome 1312:1317 arg1 sequence 1319:1326 the genome sequence 1308:1326 the genome sequence 1308:1326 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T was 45.9 % (determined from the genome sequence). 26296568 7 31 theme isoprenoid 740:749 arg1 menaquinone 763:773 menaquinone 7 763:775 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 763:782 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 26296568 7 31 theme isoprenoid 740:749 arg1 quinone 751:757 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 724:757 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 724:757 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 26296568 3 32 dep Bacillus 333:340 arg1 sonorensis 342:351 sonorensis 342:351 sonorensis 342:351 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 3 32 dep Bacillus 333:340 arg1 KCTC-13918T 353:363 KCTC-13918T 353:363 KCTC-13918T 353:363 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 9 33 used used 905:908 arg2 sequence 864:871 A draft genome sequence 849:871 A draft genome sequence of the strain 849:885 A draft genome sequence of the strain was completed and used for phylogenetic analysis. 26296568 10 34 theme published 966:974 arg1 genomes 976:982 all published genomes 962:982 all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group 962:1023 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 12 35 theme Bacillus 1534:1541 arg1 strains 1464:1470 strains 1464:1470 strains from group 1 1464:1483 Strain KJ-16T and another strain from group 2 were subsequently characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and compared with strains from group 1 and another closely related species of the genus Bacillus. 26296568 12 35 theme Bacillus 1534:1541 arg1 species 1513:1519 another closely related species 1489:1519 another closely related species of the genus Bacillus 1489:1541 Strain KJ-16T and another strain from group 2 were subsequently characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and compared with strains from group 1 and another closely related species of the genus Bacillus. 26296568 10 36 from species 987:993 arg1 group 1019:1023 the B. licheniformis group 998:1023 the B. licheniformis group 998:1023 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 10 37 dep B. 1140:1141 arg1 licheniformis 1143:1155 licheniformis 1143:1155 licheniformis 1143:1155 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 13 38 dep genus 1677:1681 arg1 Bacillus 1683:1690 the genus Bacillus 1673:1690 the genus Bacillus 1673:1690 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that this strain represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 26296568 12 39 theme polyphasic 1416:1425 arg1 approach 1437:1444 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 1414:1444 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 1414:1444 Strain KJ-16T and another strain from group 2 were subsequently characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and compared with strains from group 1 and another closely related species of the genus Bacillus. 26296568 9 40 theme strain 880:885 arg1 sequence 864:871 A draft genome sequence 849:871 A draft genome sequence of the strain 849:885 A draft genome sequence of the strain was completed and used for phylogenetic analysis. 26296568 4 41 theme phenotypic 433:442 arg1 characterization 444:459 phenotypic characterization 433:459 phenotypic characterization 433:459 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strain was found to grow at 15–60 °C and to tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296568 8 42 theme cell-wall 789:797 arg1 peptidoglycan 799:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296568 13 43 theme phenotypic 1589:1598 arg1 analyses 1600:1607 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1572:1607 phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1572:1607 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that this strain represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 26296568 10 44 dep B. 1002:1003 arg1 licheniformis 1005:1017 licheniformis 1005:1017 licheniformis 1005:1017 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 3 45 theme gene 274:277 arg1 analysis 249:256 Phylogenetic analysis 236:256 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 236:277 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 2 46 theme bacterium 176:184 arg1 isolate 79:85 An isolate 76:85 An isolate of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 76:184 An isolate of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium was recovered from soybean-based fermented paste. 26296568 12 47 theme related 1505:1511 arg1 species 1513:1519 another closely related species 1489:1519 another closely related species of the genus Bacillus 1489:1541 Strain KJ-16T and another strain from group 2 were subsequently characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and compared with strains from group 1 and another closely related species of the genus Bacillus. 26296568 11 48 theme DNA 1247:1249 arg1 content 1255:1261 The DNA G+C content 1243:1261 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T 1243:1278 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T was 45.9 % (determined from the genome sequence). 26296568 11 48 theme DNA 1247:1249 arg1 % 1289:1289 45.9 % 1284:1289 45.9 % 1284:1289 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T was 45.9 % (determined from the genome sequence). 26296568 13 49 theme analyses 1600:1607 arg1 consensus 1559:1567 the consensus 1555:1567 the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1555:1607 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that this strain represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 26296568 10 50 from genomes 976:982 arg1 group 1019:1023 the B. licheniformis group 998:1023 the B. licheniformis group 998:1023 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 10 51 theme other 1228:1232 arg1 strains 1234:1240 four other strains 1223:1240 four other strains 1223:1240 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 9 52 theme genome 857:862 arg1 sequence 864:871 A draft genome sequence 849:871 A draft genome sequence of the strain 849:885 A draft genome sequence of the strain was completed and used for phylogenetic analysis. 26296568 3 53 theme licheniformis 398:410 arg1 13T 416:418 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 333:418 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %) 333:427 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 3 53 theme licheniformis 398:410 arg1 % 426:426 99.4 % 421:426 99.4 % 421:426 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 2 54 dep Gram-stain-positive 92:110 arg1 motile 138:143 motile 138:143 motile 138:143 An isolate of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium was recovered from soybean-based fermented paste. 26296568 2 54 dep Gram-stain-positive 92:110 arg1 anaerobic 127:135 anaerobic 127:135 anaerobic 127:135 An isolate of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium was recovered from soybean-based fermented paste. 26296568 2 54 dep Gram-stain-positive 92:110 arg1 endospore-forming 158:174 endospore-forming 158:174 endospore-forming 158:174 An isolate of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium was recovered from soybean-based fermented paste. 26296568 2 54 dep Gram-stain-positive 92:110 arg1 rod-shaped 146:155 rod-shaped 146:155 rod-shaped 146:155 An isolate of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium was recovered from soybean-based fermented paste. 26296568 4 55 located found 483:487 arg1 characterization 444:459 phenotypic characterization 433:459 phenotypic characterization 433:459 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strain was found to grow at 15–60 °C and to tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296568 4 55 located found 483:487 arg2 strain 472:477 the novel strain 462:477 the novel strain 462:477 In phenotypic characterization, the novel strain was found to grow at 15–60 °C and to tolerate up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296568 3 56 theme DSM 412:414 arg1 13T 416:418 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 333:418 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %) 333:427 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 3 56 theme DSM 412:414 arg1 % 426:426 99.4 % 421:426 99.4 % 421:426 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 14 57 theme  = KACC 1786:1792 arg1 KJ-16T 1778:1783 type strain KJ-16T 1766:1783 type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T) 1766:1816 nov. is proposed, with type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T). 26296568 14 57 theme  = KACC 1786:1792 arg1 B-65293T 1808:1815  = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T 1786:1815  = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T 1786:1815 nov. is proposed, with type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T). 26296568 2 58 theme fermented 219:227 arg1 paste 229:233 soybean-based fermented paste 205:233 soybean-based fermented paste 205:233 An isolate of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium was recovered from soybean-based fermented paste. 26296568 12 59 theme Strain 1330:1335 arg1 KJ-16T 1337:1342 Strain KJ-16T 1330:1342 Strain KJ-16T 1330:1342 Strain KJ-16T and another strain from group 2 were subsequently characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and compared with strains from group 1 and another closely related species of the genus Bacillus. 26296568 5 60 with media 580:584 arg1 pH 6–11 591:597 pH 6–11 591:597 pH 6–11 591:597 Furthermore, the strain grew in media with pH 6–11 (optimal growth at pH 7.0–8.0). 26296568 10 61 theme B. 1140:1141 arg1 13T 1161:1163 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 1140:1163 B. licheniformis DSM 13T 1140:1163 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 8 62 contain contained 813:821 arg1 peptidoglycan 799:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296568 8 62 contain contained 813:821 arg2 acid 843:846 meso-diaminopimelic acid 823:846 meso-diaminopimelic acid 823:846 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296568 12 63 from group 1477:1481 arg1 strains 1464:1470 strains 1464:1470 strains from group 1 1464:1483 Strain KJ-16T and another strain from group 2 were subsequently characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and compared with strains from group 1 and another closely related species of the genus Bacillus. 26296568 12 63 from group 1477:1481 arg1 species 1513:1519 another closely related species 1489:1519 another closely related species of the genus Bacillus 1489:1541 Strain KJ-16T and another strain from group 2 were subsequently characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and compared with strains from group 1 and another closely related species of the genus Bacillus. 26296568 2 64 theme soybean-based 205:217 arg1 paste 229:233 soybean-based fermented paste 205:233 soybean-based fermented paste 205:233 An isolate of a Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium was recovered from soybean-based fermented paste. 26296568 14 65 theme 18426T = NRRL 1794:1806 arg1 KJ-16T 1778:1783 type strain KJ-16T 1766:1783 type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T) 1766:1816 nov. is proposed, with type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T). 26296568 14 65 theme 18426T = NRRL 1794:1806 arg1 B-65293T 1808:1815  = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T 1786:1815  = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T 1786:1815 nov. is proposed, with type strain KJ-16T ( = KACC 18426T = NRRL B-65293T). 26296568 8 66 theme meso-diaminopimelic 823:841 arg1 acid 843:846 meso-diaminopimelic acid 823:846 meso-diaminopimelic acid 823:846 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296568 10 67 theme B. 1002:1003 arg1 group 1019:1023 the B. licheniformis group 998:1023 the B. licheniformis group 998:1023 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 9 68 theme phylogenetic 914:925 arg1 analysis 927:934 phylogenetic analysis 914:934 phylogenetic analysis 914:934 A draft genome sequence of the strain was completed and used for phylogenetic analysis. 26296568 5 69 from pH 7.0–8.0 618:627 arg1 growth 608:613 optimal growth 600:613 optimal growth at pH 7.0–8.0 600:627 Furthermore, the strain grew in media with pH 6–11 (optimal growth at pH 7.0–8.0). 26296568 11 70 dep % 1289:1289 arg1 determined 1292:1301 determined 1292:1301 determined from the genome sequence 1292:1326 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T was 45.9 % (determined from the genome sequence). 26296568 12 71 from group 1368:1372 arg1 KJ-16T 1337:1342 Strain KJ-16T 1330:1342 Strain KJ-16T 1330:1342 Strain KJ-16T and another strain from group 2 were subsequently characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and compared with strains from group 1 and another closely related species of the genus Bacillus. 26296568 12 71 from group 1368:1372 arg1 strain 1356:1361 another strain 1348:1361 another strain from group 2 1348:1374 Strain KJ-16T and another strain from group 2 were subsequently characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and compared with strains from group 1 and another closely related species of the genus Bacillus. 26296568 13 72 theme name 1707:1710 arg1 sp 1739:1740 name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp 1707:1740 the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp 1703:1740 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that this strain represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 26296568 10 73 theme other 1172:1176 arg1 strains 1178:1184 11 other strains 1169:1184 11 other strains 1169:1184 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 3 74 theme Bacillus 333:340 arg1 13T 416:418 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T 333:418 Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %) 333:427 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 3 74 theme Bacillus 333:340 arg1 % 426:426 99.4 % 421:426 99.4 % 421:426 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus sonorensis KCTC-13918T (99.5 % similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (99.4 %). 26296568 10 75 theme Phylogenomic 937:948 arg1 analysis 950:957 Phylogenomic analysis 937:957 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group 937:1023 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 13 76 theme Bacillus 1712:1719 arg1 sp 1739:1740 name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp 1707:1740 the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp 1703:1740 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that this strain represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 26296568 13 77 theme paralicheniformis 1721:1737 arg1 sp 1739:1740 name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp 1707:1740 the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp 1703:1740 Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that this strain represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus paralicheniformis sp. 26296568 11 78 theme strain 1266:1271 arg1 KJ-16T 1273:1278 strain KJ-16T 1266:1278 strain KJ-16T 1266:1278 The DNA G+C content of strain KJ-16T was 45.9 % (determined from the genome sequence). 26296568 10 79 theme species 987:993 arg1 genomes 976:982 all published genomes 962:982 all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group 962:1023 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 10 80 theme distinct 1096:1103 arg1 groups 1105:1110 two distinct groups 1092:1110 two distinct groups 1092:1110 Phylogenomic analysis of all published genomes of species in the B. licheniformis group revealed that strains belonging to B. licheniformis clustered into two distinct groups, with group 1 consisting of B. licheniformis DSM 13T and 11 other strains and group 2 consisting of KJ-16T and four other strains. 26296568 12 81 theme taxonomic 1427:1435 arg1 approach 1437:1444 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 1414:1444 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 1414:1444 Strain KJ-16T and another strain from group 2 were subsequently characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and compared with strains from group 1 and another closely related species of the genus Bacillus. 24376193 4 0 theme isoform 855:861 arg1 presence 770:777 a larger presence 761:777 a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group 761:817 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 4 0 theme isoform 855:861 arg1 presence 832:839 a larger presence 823:839 a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group 823:879 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 9 1 theme different 1447:1455 arg1 periods 1462:1468 different rest periods 1447:1468 different rest periods between exercise sessions 1447:1494 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 2 2 from MMP-2 321:325 arg1 tendons 365:371 tendons 365:371 tendons 365:371 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 9 3 theme rest 1678:1681 arg1 periods 1683:1689 3-hr rest periods 1673:1689 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods 1673:1719 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 4 4 from presence 770:777 arg1 group 813:817 the 1d3h group 804:817 the 1d3h group 804:817 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 4 4 from presence 770:777 arg1 group 875:879 the 6d3h group 866:879 the 6d3h group 866:879 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 2 5 from MMP-9 331:335 arg1 tendons 365:371 tendons 365:371 tendons 365:371 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 6 6 theme hydroxyproline 971:984 arg1 concentration 954:966 A lower concentration 946:966 A lower concentration of hydroxyproline 946:984 A lower concentration of hydroxyproline was found in the 6d3h group compared to the 6d1h group. 24376193 9 7 theme exercise 1478:1485 arg1 sessions 1487:1494 exercise sessions 1478:1494 exercise sessions 1478:1494 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 7 8 theme collagen 1209:1216 arg1 type 1218:1221 collagen type I 1209:1223 collagen type I 1209:1223 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 9 9 theme 1-hr 1703:1706 arg1 periods 1713:1719 1-hr rest periods 1703:1719 1-hr rest periods 1703:1719 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 2 10 from content 354:360 arg1 tendons 365:371 tendons 365:371 tendons 365:371 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 4 11 theme larger 763:768 arg1 presence 770:777 a larger presence 761:777 a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group 761:817 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 9 12 theme 3-hr 1673:1676 arg1 periods 1683:1689 3-hr rest periods 1673:1689 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods 1673:1719 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 6 13 theme 6d1h 1030:1033 arg1 group 1035:1039 the 6d1h group 1026:1039 the 6d1h group 1026:1039 A lower concentration of hydroxyproline was found in the 6d3h group compared to the 6d1h group. 24376193 8 14 theme other 1418:1422 arg1 groups 1424:1429 other groups 1418:1429 other groups 1418:1429 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans was observed in the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group, and the 6d3h group presented the highest value for non-collagenous proteins compared to other groups. 24376193 8 15 theme glycosaminoglycans 1252:1269 arg1 concentration 1235:1247 A higher concentration 1226:1247 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans 1226:1269 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans was observed in the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group, and the 6d3h group presented the highest value for non-collagenous proteins compared to other groups. 24376193 4 16 from group 875:879 arg1 presence 770:777 a larger presence 761:777 a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group 761:817 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 4 16 from group 875:879 arg1 presence 832:839 a larger presence 823:839 a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group 823:879 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 2 17 theme 1-hr 455:458 arg1 periods 473:479 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods 455:479 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session 455:500 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 0 18 from activation 87:96 arg1 tendon 115:120 the calcaneal tendon 101:120 the calcaneal tendon 101:120 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods changes the collagen content and MMP-2 activation on the calcaneal tendon. 24376193 7 19 theme 6d3h 1153:1156 arg1 group 1158:1162 the 6d3h group 1149:1162 the 6d3h group 1149:1162 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 3 20 theme rest 657:660 arg1 periods 662:668 rest periods 657:668 rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days 657:729 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 0 21 theme collagen 60:67 arg1 content 69:75 collagen content 60:75 collagen content 60:75 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods changes the collagen content and MMP-2 activation on the calcaneal tendon. 24376193 1 22 theme different 140:148 arg1 stimuli 161:167 different mechanical stimuli 140:167 different mechanical stimuli 140:167 Tendons adapt to different mechanical stimuli through a remodeling process involving metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen synthesis. 24376193 8 23 located observed 1275:1282 arg2 concentration 1235:1247 A higher concentration 1226:1247 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans 1226:1269 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans was observed in the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group, and the 6d3h group presented the highest value for non-collagenous proteins compared to other groups. 24376193 8 23 located observed 1275:1282 arg1 group 1296:1300 the 3d3h group 1287:1300 the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group 1287:1327 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans was observed in the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group, and the 6d3h group presented the highest value for non-collagenous proteins compared to other groups. 24376193 4 24 theme 1d3h 808:811 arg1 group 813:817 the 1d3h group 804:817 the 1d3h group 804:817 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 3 25 dep grouped 520:526 arg1 trained 546:552 trained 546:552 trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days 546:729 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 9 26 theme greater 1571:1577 arg1 activation 1579:1588 a greater activation 1569:1588 a greater activation of MMP-2 1569:1597 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 3 27 theme treadmill 682:690 arg1 sessions 700:707 the treadmill running sessions 678:707 the treadmill running sessions 678:707 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 28 with groups 645:650 arg1 periods 662:668 rest periods 657:668 rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days 657:729 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 2 29 theme 3-hr 463:466 arg1 periods 473:479 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods 455:479 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session 455:500 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 8 30 theme 3d1h 1318:1321 arg1 group 1323:1327 the 3d1h group 1314:1327 the 3d1h group 1314:1327 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans was observed in the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group, and the 6d3h group presented the highest value for non-collagenous proteins compared to other groups. 24376193 2 31 theme exhaustive 379:388 arg1 exercise 396:403 exhaustive acute exercise 379:403 exhaustive acute exercise 379:403 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 2 32 theme acute 390:394 arg1 exercise 396:403 exhaustive acute exercise 379:403 exhaustive acute exercise 379:403 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 9 33 theme calcaneal 1544:1552 arg1 tendon 1554:1559 the calcaneal tendon 1540:1559 the calcaneal tendon 1540:1559 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 0 34 theme Exhaustive 0:9 arg1 exercise 11:18 Exhaustive exercise 0:18 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods 0:46 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods changes the collagen content and MMP-2 activation on the calcaneal tendon. 24376193 4 35 theme active 848:853 arg1 isoform 855:861 the active isoform 844:861 the active isoform in the 6d3h group 844:879 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 7 36 theme prominent 1121:1129 arg1 bands 1140:1144 more prominent collagen bands 1116:1144 more prominent collagen bands 1116:1144 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 9 37 theme total 1618:1622 arg1 collagen 1624:1631 total collagen 1618:1631 total collagen 1618:1631 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 0 38 theme rest 35:38 arg1 periods 40:46 different rest periods 25:46 different rest periods 25:46 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods changes the collagen content and MMP-2 activation on the calcaneal tendon. 24376193 4 39 theme larger 825:830 arg1 presence 832:839 a larger presence 823:839 a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group 823:879 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 9 40 theme tendon 1554:1559 arg1 composition 1525:1535 the composition 1521:1535 the composition of the calcaneal tendon 1521:1559 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 7 41 theme electrophoresis 1084:1098 arg1 analysis 1100:1107 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis 1042:1107 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis 1042:1107 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 4 42 theme latent 786:791 arg1 isoform 793:799 the latent isoform 782:799 the latent isoform in the 1d3h group 782:817 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 3 43 dep 1-hr 559:562 arg1 6d3h 639:642 6d3h 639:642 6d3h 639:642 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 43 dep 1-hr 559:562 arg1 groups 617:622 groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h 617:642 groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h 617:642 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 43 dep 1-hr 559:562 arg1 groups 565:570 groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h 565:591 groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h 565:591 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 43 dep 1-hr 559:562 arg1 6d1h 588:591 6d1h 588:591 6d1h 588:591 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 43 dep 1-hr 559:562 arg1 1d1h 572:575 1d1h 572:575 1d1h 572:575 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 43 dep 1-hr 559:562 arg1 1d3h 624:627 1d3h 624:627 1d3h 624:627 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 43 dep 1-hr 559:562 arg1 3d3h 630:633 3d3h 630:633 3d3h 630:633 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 43 dep 1-hr 559:562 arg1 3d1h 578:581 3d1h 578:581 3d1h 578:581 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 7 44 theme polyacrylamide 1065:1078 arg1 electrophoresis 1084:1098 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1042:1098 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis 1042:1107 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 8 45 theme non-collagenous 1381:1395 arg1 proteins 1397:1404 non-collagenous proteins 1381:1404 non-collagenous proteins 1381:1404 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans was observed in the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group, and the 6d3h group presented the highest value for non-collagenous proteins compared to other groups. 24376193 8 46 theme higher 1228:1233 arg1 concentration 1235:1247 A higher concentration 1226:1247 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans 1226:1269 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans was observed in the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group, and the 6d3h group presented the highest value for non-collagenous proteins compared to other groups. 24376193 3 47 dep groups 565:570 arg1 groups 565:570 groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h 565:591 groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h 565:591 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 47 dep groups 565:570 arg1 3d1h 578:581 3d1h 578:581 3d1h 578:581 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 47 dep groups 565:570 arg1 6d1h 588:591 6d1h 588:591 6d1h 588:591 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 47 dep groups 565:570 arg1 1d1h 572:575 1d1h 572:575 1d1h 572:575 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 7 48 theme dodecyl 1049:1055 arg1 electrophoresis 1084:1098 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1042:1098 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis 1042:1107 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 9 49 theme exercise 1659:1666 arg1 day 1650:1652 day 6 1650:1654 day 6 of exercise 1650:1666 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 3 50 theme trained 598:604 arg1 groups 645:650 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups 559:650 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days 559:729 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 2 51 theme collagen 345:352 arg1 content 354:360 the collagen content 341:360 the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise 341:403 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 4 52 theme 6d3h 870:873 arg1 group 875:879 the 6d3h group 866:879 the 6d3h group 866:879 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 6 53 located found 990:994 arg1 group 1008:1012 the 6d3h group 999:1012 the 6d3h group compared to the 6d1h group 999:1039 A lower concentration of hydroxyproline was found in the 6d3h group compared to the 6d1h group. 24376193 6 53 located found 990:994 arg2 concentration 954:966 A lower concentration 946:966 A lower concentration of hydroxyproline 946:984 A lower concentration of hydroxyproline was found in the 6d3h group compared to the 6d1h group. 24376193 3 54 with trained 598:604 arg1 3-hr 611:614 3-hr 611:614 3-hr 611:614 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 9 55 theme rest 1457:1460 arg1 periods 1462:1468 different rest periods 1447:1468 different rest periods between exercise sessions 1447:1494 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 2 56 theme study 278:282 arg1 purpose 262:268 The purpose 258:268 The purpose of this study 258:282 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 1 57 theme remodeling 179:188 arg1 process 190:196 a remodeling process 177:196 a remodeling process involving metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen synthesis 177:255 Tendons adapt to different mechanical stimuli through a remodeling process involving metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen synthesis. 24376193 6 58 theme lower 948:952 arg1 concentration 954:966 A lower concentration 946:966 A lower concentration of hydroxyproline 946:984 A lower concentration of hydroxyproline was found in the 6d3h group compared to the 6d1h group. 24376193 9 59 theme rest 1708:1711 arg1 periods 1713:1719 1-hr rest periods 1703:1719 1-hr rest periods 1703:1719 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 3 60 theme Wistar 503:508 arg1 rats 510:513 Wistar rats 503:513 Wistar rats 503:513 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 4 61 theme MMP-2 748:752 arg1 analysis 736:743 The analysis 732:743 The analysis of MMP-2 732:752 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 4 62 from isoform 855:861 arg1 group 875:879 the 6d3h group 866:879 the 6d3h group 866:879 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 0 63 from content 69:75 arg1 tendon 115:120 the calcaneal tendon 101:120 the calcaneal tendon 101:120 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods changes the collagen content and MMP-2 activation on the calcaneal tendon. 24376193 7 64 theme Western 1188:1194 arg1 blotting 1196:1203 Western blotting 1188:1203 Western blotting for collagen type I 1188:1223 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 3 65 dep groups 617:622 arg1 3d3h 630:633 3d3h 630:633 3d3h 630:633 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 65 dep groups 617:622 arg1 1d3h 624:627 1d3h 624:627 1d3h 624:627 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 65 dep groups 617:622 arg1 6d3h 639:642 6d3h 639:642 6d3h 639:642 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 3 65 dep groups 617:622 arg1 groups 617:622 groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h 617:642 groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h 617:642 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 8 66 theme 3d3h 1291:1294 arg1 group 1296:1300 the 3d3h group 1287:1300 the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group 1287:1327 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans was observed in the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group, and the 6d3h group presented the highest value for non-collagenous proteins compared to other groups. 24376193 6 67 theme 6d3h 1003:1006 arg1 group 1008:1012 the 6d3h group 999:1012 the 6d3h group compared to the 6d1h group 999:1039 A lower concentration of hydroxyproline was found in the 6d3h group compared to the 6d1h group. 24376193 4 68 theme isoform 793:799 arg1 presence 770:777 a larger presence 761:777 a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group 761:817 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 4 68 theme isoform 793:799 arg1 presence 832:839 a larger presence 823:839 a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group 823:879 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 0 69 theme MMP-2 81:85 arg1 activation 87:96 MMP-2 activation 81:96 MMP-2 activation 81:96 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods changes the collagen content and MMP-2 activation on the calcaneal tendon. 24376193 1 70 theme mechanical 150:159 arg1 stimuli 161:167 different mechanical stimuli 140:167 different mechanical stimuli 140:167 Tendons adapt to different mechanical stimuli through a remodeling process involving metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen synthesis. 24376193 2 71 theme days 444:447 arg1 course 423:428 the course 419:428 the course of 1, 3, or 6 days 419:447 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 2 72 from activities 307:316 arg1 tendons 365:371 tendons 365:371 tendons 365:371 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 2 73 theme rest 468:471 arg1 periods 473:479 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods 455:479 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session 455:500 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 3 74 theme running 692:698 arg1 sessions 700:707 the treadmill running sessions 678:707 the treadmill running sessions 678:707 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 0 75 theme calcaneal 105:113 arg1 tendon 115:120 the calcaneal tendon 101:120 the calcaneal tendon 101:120 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods changes the collagen content and MMP-2 activation on the calcaneal tendon. 24376193 9 76 theme MMP-2 1593:1597 arg1 reduction 1605:1613 a reduction 1603:1613 a reduction of total collagen 1603:1631 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 9 76 theme MMP-2 1593:1597 arg1 activation 1579:1588 a greater activation 1569:1588 a greater activation of MMP-2 1569:1597 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 4 77 dep showed 754:759 arg1 compared 881:888 compared 881:888 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control 754:903 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 7 78 theme collagen 1131:1138 arg1 bands 1140:1144 more prominent collagen bands 1116:1144 more prominent collagen bands 1116:1144 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 8 79 theme 6d3h 1338:1341 arg1 group 1343:1347 the 6d3h group 1334:1347 the 6d3h group 1334:1347 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans was observed in the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group, and the 6d3h group presented the highest value for non-collagenous proteins compared to other groups. 24376193 2 80 dep MMP-2 321:325 arg1 sessions 405:412 sessions 405:412 sessions 405:412 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 0 81 theme different 25:33 arg1 periods 40:46 different rest periods 25:46 different rest periods 25:46 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods changes the collagen content and MMP-2 activation on the calcaneal tendon. 24376193 0 82 dep content 69:75 arg1 the 56:58 the 56:58 the 56:58 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods changes the collagen content and MMP-2 activation on the calcaneal tendon. 24376193 4 83 from presence 832:839 arg1 group 813:817 the 1d3h group 804:817 the 1d3h group 804:817 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 4 83 from presence 832:839 arg1 group 875:879 the 6d3h group 866:879 the 6d3h group 866:879 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 9 84 theme collagen 1624:1631 arg1 reduction 1605:1613 a reduction 1603:1613 a reduction of total collagen 1603:1631 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 9 84 theme collagen 1624:1631 arg1 activation 1579:1588 a greater activation 1569:1588 a greater activation of MMP-2 1569:1597 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 8 85 theme highest 1363:1369 arg1 value 1371:1375 the highest value 1359:1375 the highest value for non-collagenous proteins 1359:1404 A higher concentration of glycosaminoglycans was observed in the 3d3h group compared to the 3d1h group, and the 6d3h group presented the highest value for non-collagenous proteins compared to other groups. 24376193 3 86 theme 1-hr 559:562 arg1 groups 645:650 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups 559:650 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days 559:729 Wistar rats were grouped into control (C), trained with 1-hr (groups 1d1h, 3d1h, and 6d1h) and trained with 3-hr (groups 1d3h, 3d3h and 6d3h) groups with rest periods between the treadmill running sessions, for 1, 3, and 6 days. 24376193 1 87 theme collagen 238:245 arg1 synthesis 247:255 collagen synthesis 238:255 collagen synthesis 238:255 Tendons adapt to different mechanical stimuli through a remodeling process involving metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen synthesis. 24376193 2 88 from tendons 365:371 arg1 activities 307:316 the activities 303:316 the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions 303:412 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 7 89 theme gel 1080:1082 arg1 electrophoresis 1084:1098 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1042:1098 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis 1042:1107 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 0 90 with exercise 11:18 arg1 periods 40:46 different rest periods 25:46 different rest periods 25:46 Exhaustive exercise with different rest periods changes the collagen content and MMP-2 activation on the calcaneal tendon. 24376193 2 91 theme MMP-9 331:335 arg1 activities 307:316 the activities 303:316 the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions 303:412 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 4 92 from group 813:817 arg1 presence 770:777 a larger presence 761:777 a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group 761:817 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 4 92 from group 813:817 arg1 presence 832:839 a larger presence 823:839 a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group 823:879 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24376193 7 93 theme sulfate 1057:1063 arg1 electrophoresis 1084:1098 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1042:1098 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis 1042:1107 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 9 94 theme different 1500:1508 arg1 effects 1510:1516 different effects 1500:1516 different effects 1500:1516 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 2 95 theme MMP-2 321:325 arg1 activities 307:316 the activities 303:316 the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions 303:412 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 9 96 located observed 1638:1645 arg2 activation 1579:1588 a greater activation 1569:1588 a greater activation of MMP-2 1569:1597 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 9 96 located observed 1638:1645 arg1 day 1650:1652 day 6 1650:1654 day 6 of exercise 1650:1666 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 9 96 located observed 1638:1645 arg2 reduction 1605:1613 a reduction 1603:1613 a reduction of total collagen 1603:1631 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 7 97 theme Sodium 1042:1047 arg1 electrophoresis 1084:1098 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 1042:1098 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis 1042:1107 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed more prominent collagen bands in the 6d3h group, which was confirmed by Western blotting for collagen type I. 24376193 9 98 contain had 1496:1498 arg1 periods 1462:1468 different rest periods 1447:1468 different rest periods between exercise sessions 1447:1494 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 9 98 contain had 1496:1498 arg2 effects 1510:1516 different effects 1500:1516 different effects 1500:1516 In conclusion, different rest periods between exercise sessions had different effects on the composition of the calcaneal tendon because a greater activation of MMP-2 and a reduction of total collagen were observed on day 6 of exercise with 3-hr rest periods compared to 1-hr rest periods. 24376193 2 99 theme content 354:360 arg1 activities 307:316 the activities 303:316 the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions 303:412 The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the collagen content in tendons after exhaustive acute exercise sessions over the course of 1, 3, or 6 days, with 1-hr or 3-hr rest periods between each session. 24376193 4 100 from isoform 793:799 arg1 group 813:817 the 1d3h group 804:817 the 1d3h group 804:817 The analysis of MMP-2 showed a larger presence of the latent isoform in the 1d3h group and a larger presence of the active isoform in the 6d3h group compared to the control. 24202736 12 0 theme novel 1296:1300 arg1 species 1302:1308 a novel species 1294:1308 a novel species 1294:1308 Based on the chemotaxonomic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G12(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus amargosae. 24202736 4 1 theme DSM 336:338 arg1 T 346:346 T 346:346 T 346:346 amargosae, was accessed in the DSMZ open collection as DSM 46136(T). 24202736 4 1 theme DSM 336:338 arg1 amargosae 281:289 amargosae 281:289 amargosae 281:289 amargosae, was accessed in the DSMZ open collection as DSM 46136(T). 24202736 4 1 theme DSM 336:338 arg1 46136 340:344 DSM 46136 336:344 DSM 46136(T) 336:347 amargosae, was accessed in the DSMZ open collection as DSM 46136(T). 24202736 7 2 theme G+C 630:632 arg1 % 668:668 73.0 mol% 660:668 73.0 mol% 660:668 The DNA G+C content of the strain was 73.0 mol%. 24202736 7 2 theme G+C 630:632 arg1 content 634:640 The DNA G+C content 622:640 The DNA G+C content of the strain 622:654 The DNA G+C content of the strain was 73.0 mol%. 24202736 13 3 theme ATCC 1417:1420 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 3 theme ATCC 1417:1420 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 4 theme MTCC 1401:1404 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 4 theme MTCC 1401:1404 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 11 5 with identity 1125:1132 arg1 members 1143:1149 the members 1139:1149 the members of the genus Geodermatophilus 1139:1179 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 10 6 theme cellular 1014:1021 arg1 acid 1063:1066 branched-chain saturated acid 1038:1066 branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀ 1038:1076 The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀. 24202736 10 6 theme cellular 1014:1021 arg1 acid 1029:1032 The major cellular fatty acid 1004:1032 The major cellular fatty acid 1004:1032 The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀. 24202736 3 7 theme Geodermatophilus 248:263 arg1 subsp 274:278 Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 248:278 Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 248:278 A novel, gram reaction positive aerobic actinobacterium, designated G12(T), not validly named as Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 24202736 8 8 theme meso-diaminopimelic 699:717 arg1 acid 719:722 meso-diaminopimelic acid 699:722 meso-diaminopimelic acid 699:722 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 24202736 10 9 theme branched-chain 1038:1051 arg1 acid 1063:1066 branched-chain saturated acid 1038:1066 branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀ 1038:1076 The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀. 24202736 10 9 theme branched-chain 1038:1051 arg1 acid 1029:1032 The major cellular fatty acid 1004:1032 The major cellular fatty acid 1004:1032 The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀. 24202736 5 10 theme NaCl 435:438 arg1 absence 424:430 the absence 420:430 the absence of NaCl 420:438 The optimal growth was at 25-35 °C, [corrected] at pH 6.0-12.0 and in the absence of NaCl, forming greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar. 24202736 5 10 theme NaCl 435:438 arg1 °C 382:383 25-35 °C 376:383 25-35 °C, [corrected] 376:396 The optimal growth was at 25-35 °C, [corrected] at pH 6.0-12.0 and in the absence of NaCl, forming greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar. 24202736 13 11 theme = 1461:1461 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 11 theme = 1461:1461 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 1 12 dep validly 75:81 arg1 not 71:73 not 71:73 not 71:73 nov., to accommodate the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 24202736 13 13 theme B-3578 1468:1473 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 13 theme B-3578 1468:1473 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 8 14 theme diamino 738:744 arg1 acid 746:749 diagnostic diamino acid 727:749 diagnostic diamino acid 727:749 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 24202736 13 15 theme 13316 1452:1456 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 15 theme 13316 1452:1456 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 3 16 dep novel 153:157 arg1 positive 174:181 positive 174:181 positive 174:181 A novel, gram reaction positive aerobic actinobacterium, designated G12(T), not validly named as Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 24202736 13 17 theme T 1380:1380 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 17 theme T 1380:1380 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 18 dep KCTC 1480:1483 arg1 T 1490:1490 T 1490:1490 T 1490:1490 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 5 19 theme GYM 485:487 arg1 agar 489:492 GYM agar 485:492 GYM agar 485:492 The optimal growth was at 25-35 °C, [corrected] at pH 6.0-12.0 and in the absence of NaCl, forming greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar. 24202736 11 20 theme sequence 1116:1123 arg1 identity 1125:1132 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity 1104:1132 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus 1104:1179 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 12 21 theme sequence 1236:1243 arg1 analysis 1245:1252 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1222:1252 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1222:1252 Based on the chemotaxonomic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G12(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus amargosae. 24202736 13 22 theme T 1458:1458 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 22 theme T 1458:1458 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 3 23 theme aerobic 183:189 arg1 actinobacterium 191:205 A novel, gram reaction positive aerobic actinobacterium 151:205 A novel, gram reaction positive aerobic actinobacterium 151:205 A novel, gram reaction positive aerobic actinobacterium, designated G12(T), not validly named as Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 24202736 13 24 theme = 1383:1383 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 24 theme = 1383:1383 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 25 theme = 1445:1445 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 25 theme = 1445:1445 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 1 26 theme named 83:87 arg1 subsp 115:119 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 67:119 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 67:119 nov., to accommodate the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 24202736 13 27 theme T 1442:1442 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 27 theme T 1442:1442 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 6 28 theme Geodermatophilus 604:619 arg1 members 583:589 members 583:589 members of the genus Geodermatophilus 583:619 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 0 29 theme Geodermatophilus 15:30 arg1 sp 42:43 Geodermatophilus amargosae sp 15:43 Geodermatophilus amargosae sp 15:43 Description of Geodermatophilus amargosae sp. 24202736 1 30 theme obscurus 106:113 arg1 subsp 115:119 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 67:119 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 67:119 nov., to accommodate the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 24202736 11 31 theme genus 1158:1162 arg1 Geodermatophilus 1164:1179 the genus Geodermatophilus 1154:1179 the genus Geodermatophilus 1154:1179 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 13 32 theme 46136 1374:1378 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 32 theme 46136 1374:1378 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 0 33 theme sp 42:43 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Geodermatophilus amargosae sp. 0:44 Description of Geodermatophilus amargosae sp. 24202736 14 34 theme INSDC 1499:1503 arg1 number 1515:1520 The INSDC accession number 1495:1520 The INSDC accession number 1495:1520 The INSDC accession number is HF679056. 24202736 14 34 theme INSDC 1499:1503 arg1 HF679056 1525:1532 HF679056 1525:1532 HF679056 1525:1532 The INSDC accession number is HF679056. 24202736 5 35 from pH 401:402 arg1 absence 424:430 the absence 420:430 the absence of NaCl 420:438 The optimal growth was at 25-35 °C, [corrected] at pH 6.0-12.0 and in the absence of NaCl, forming greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar. 24202736 5 35 from pH 401:402 arg1 °C 382:383 25-35 °C 376:383 25-35 °C, [corrected] 376:396 The optimal growth was at 25-35 °C, [corrected] at pH 6.0-12.0 and in the absence of NaCl, forming greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar. 24202736 12 36 theme rRNA 1226:1229 arg1 analysis 1245:1252 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1222:1252 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1222:1252 Based on the chemotaxonomic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G12(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus amargosae. 24202736 13 37 theme = 1431:1431 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 37 theme = 1431:1431 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 38 theme NBRC 1447:1450 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 38 theme NBRC 1447:1450 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 4 39 theme open 317:320 arg1 collection 322:331 the DSMZ open collection 308:331 the DSMZ open collection 308:331 amargosae, was accessed in the DSMZ open collection as DSM 46136(T). 24202736 2 40 dep amargosae 122:130 arg1 Luedemann 133:141 Luedemann 133:141 Luedemann 133:141 amargosae (Luedemann, 1968). 24202736 13 41 theme 3153 1437:1440 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 41 theme 3153 1437:1440 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 11 42 theme 16S 1083:1085 arg1 gene 1092:1095 The 16S rRNA gene 1079:1095 The 16S rRNA gene 1079:1095 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 11 43 theme 94.2-99.5 1104:1112 arg1 % 1114:1114 % 1114:1114 % 1114:1114 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 12 44 theme chemotaxonomic 1195:1208 arg1 results 1210:1216 the chemotaxonomic results 1191:1216 the chemotaxonomic results 1191:1216 Based on the chemotaxonomic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G12(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus amargosae. 24202736 9 45 theme phosphatidylglycerol 894:913 arg1 menaquinone 942:952 the dominant menaquinone 929:952 the dominant menaquinone 929:952 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 45 theme phosphatidylglycerol 894:913 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 804:822 phosphatidylcholine 804:822 phosphatidylcholine 804:822 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 45 theme phosphatidylglycerol 894:913 arg1 H₄ 921:922 H₄ 921:922 H₄ 921:922 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 45 theme phosphatidylglycerol 894:913 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 825:848 phosphatidylethanolamine 825:848 phosphatidylethanolamine 825:848 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 45 theme phosphatidylglycerol 894:913 arg1 amount 884:889 a small amount 876:889 a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) 876:923 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 45 theme phosphatidylglycerol 894:913 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 894:913 phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9 894:919 phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) 894:923 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 45 theme phosphatidylglycerol 894:913 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 851:870 phosphatidylinositol 851:870 phosphatidylinositol 851:870 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 5 46 theme optimal 354:360 arg1 growth 362:367 The optimal growth 350:367 The optimal growth 350:367 The optimal growth was at 25-35 °C, [corrected] at pH 6.0-12.0 and in the absence of NaCl, forming greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar. 24202736 7 47 theme strain 649:654 arg1 % 668:668 73.0 mol% 660:668 73.0 mol% 660:668 The DNA G+C content of the strain was 73.0 mol%. 24202736 7 47 theme strain 649:654 arg1 content 634:640 The DNA G+C content 622:640 The DNA G+C content of the strain 622:654 The DNA G+C content of the strain was 73.0 mol%. 24202736 13 48 theme T 1428:1428 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 48 theme T 1428:1428 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 8 49 contain contained 689:697 arg1 peptidoglycan 675:687 The peptidoglycan 671:687 The peptidoglycan 671:687 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 24202736 8 49 contain contained 689:697 arg2 acid 719:722 meso-diaminopimelic acid 699:722 meso-diaminopimelic acid 699:722 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 24202736 13 50 theme T 1412:1412 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 50 theme T 1412:1412 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 6 51 theme molecular 514:522 arg1 characteristics 524:538 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics 495:538 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate 495:553 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 13 52 theme = 1415:1415 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 52 theme = 1415:1415 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 5 53 dep °C 382:383 arg1 [corrected 386:395 [corrected 386:395 [corrected 386:395 The optimal growth was at 25-35 °C, [corrected] at pH 6.0-12.0 and in the absence of NaCl, forming greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar. 24202736 5 54 from colonies 473:480 arg1 agar 489:492 GYM agar 485:492 GYM agar 485:492 The optimal growth was at 25-35 °C, [corrected] at pH 6.0-12.0 and in the absence of NaCl, forming greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar. 24202736 6 55 theme Chemotaxonomic 495:508 arg1 characteristics 524:538 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics 495:538 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate 495:553 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 13 56 theme Type 1339:1342 arg1 strain 1344:1349 Type strain 1339:1349 Type strain 1339:1349 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 57 theme = 1399:1399 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 57 theme = 1399:1399 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 9 58 theme dominant 933:940 arg1 menaquinone 942:952 the dominant menaquinone 929:952 the dominant menaquinone 929:952 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 58 theme dominant 933:940 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 804:822 phosphatidylcholine 804:822 phosphatidylcholine 804:822 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 58 theme dominant 933:940 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 825:848 phosphatidylethanolamine 825:848 phosphatidylethanolamine 825:848 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 58 theme dominant 933:940 arg1 amount 884:889 a small amount 876:889 a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) 876:923 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 58 theme dominant 933:940 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 894:913 phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9 894:919 phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) 894:923 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 58 theme dominant 933:940 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 851:870 phosphatidylinositol 851:870 phosphatidylinositol 851:870 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 13 59 theme = 1478:1478 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 59 theme = 1478:1478 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 7 60 theme DNA 626:628 arg1 % 668:668 73.0 mol% 660:668 73.0 mol% 660:668 The DNA G+C content of the strain was 73.0 mol%. 24202736 7 60 theme DNA 626:628 arg1 content 634:640 The DNA G+C content 622:640 The DNA G+C content of the strain 622:654 The DNA G+C content of the strain was 73.0 mol%. 24202736 13 61 theme 11559 1406:1410 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 61 theme 11559 1406:1410 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 5 62 theme greenish-black-coloured 449:471 arg1 colonies 473:480 greenish-black-coloured colonies 449:480 greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar 449:492 The optimal growth was at 25-35 °C, [corrected] at pH 6.0-12.0 and in the absence of NaCl, forming greenish-black-coloured colonies on GYM agar. 24202736 10 63 theme major 1008:1012 arg1 acid 1063:1066 branched-chain saturated acid 1038:1066 branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀ 1038:1076 The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀. 24202736 10 63 theme major 1008:1012 arg1 acid 1029:1032 The major cellular fatty acid 1004:1032 The major cellular fatty acid 1004:1032 The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀. 24202736 13 64 theme 62971 1390:1394 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 64 theme 62971 1390:1394 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 3 65 theme obscurus 265:272 arg1 subsp 274:278 Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 248:278 Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 248:278 A novel, gram reaction positive aerobic actinobacterium, designated G12(T), not validly named as Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 24202736 9 66 theme diagnostic 986:995 arg1 galactose 958:966 galactose 958:966 galactose 958:966 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 66 theme diagnostic 986:995 arg1 sugar 997:1001 a diagnostic sugar 984:1001 a diagnostic sugar 984:1001 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 13 67 theme T 1396:1396 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 67 theme T 1396:1396 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 68 theme NRRL 1463:1466 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 68 theme NRRL 1463:1466 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 3 69 theme novel 153:157 arg1 actinobacterium 191:205 A novel, gram reaction positive aerobic actinobacterium 151:205 A novel, gram reaction positive aerobic actinobacterium 151:205 A novel, gram reaction positive aerobic actinobacterium, designated G12(T), not validly named as Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 24202736 6 70 theme isolate 547:553 arg1 characteristics 524:538 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics 495:538 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate 495:553 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 10 71 theme fatty 1023:1027 arg1 acid 1063:1066 branched-chain saturated acid 1038:1066 branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀ 1038:1076 The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀. 24202736 10 71 theme fatty 1023:1027 arg1 acid 1029:1032 The major cellular fatty acid 1004:1032 The major cellular fatty acid 1004:1032 The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀. 24202736 9 72 theme main 756:759 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 780:801 diphosphatidylglycerol 780:801 diphosphatidylglycerol 780:801 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 72 theme main 756:759 arg1 phospholipids 761:773 The main phospholipids 752:773 The main phospholipids 752:773 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 8 73 theme diagnostic 727:736 arg1 acid 746:749 diagnostic diamino acid 727:749 diagnostic diamino acid 727:749 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 24202736 11 74 theme % 1114:1114 arg1 identity 1125:1132 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity 1104:1132 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus 1104:1179 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 10 75 theme saturated 1053:1061 arg1 acid 1063:1066 branched-chain saturated acid 1038:1066 branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀ 1038:1076 The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀. 24202736 10 75 theme saturated 1053:1061 arg1 acid 1029:1032 The major cellular fatty acid 1004:1032 The major cellular fatty acid 1004:1032 The major cellular fatty acid was branched-chain saturated acid iso-C₁₅:₀. 24202736 12 76 theme strain 1255:1260 arg1 T 1266:1266 T 1266:1266 T 1266:1266 Based on the chemotaxonomic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G12(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus amargosae. 24202736 12 76 theme strain 1255:1260 arg1 G12 1262:1264 strain G12 1255:1264 strain G12(T) 1255:1267 Based on the chemotaxonomic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G12(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus amargosae. 24202736 13 77 theme CCUG 1385:1388 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 77 theme CCUG 1385:1388 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 0 78 theme amargosae 32:40 arg1 sp 42:43 Geodermatophilus amargosae sp 15:43 Geodermatophilus amargosae sp 15:43 Description of Geodermatophilus amargosae sp. 24202736 1 79 theme Geodermatophilus 89:104 arg1 subsp 115:119 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 67:119 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 67:119 nov., to accommodate the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 24202736 12 80 theme 16S 1222:1224 arg1 analysis 1245:1252 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1222:1252 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1222:1252 Based on the chemotaxonomic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G12(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus amargosae. 24202736 6 81 theme genus 598:602 arg1 Geodermatophilus 604:619 the genus Geodermatophilus 594:619 the genus Geodermatophilus 594:619 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 13 82 theme =DSM 1369:1372 arg1 G12 1354:1356 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)) 1354:1492 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 82 theme =DSM 1369:1372 arg1 KCTC 1480:1483 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 14 83 theme accession 1505:1513 arg1 number 1515:1520 The INSDC accession number 1495:1520 The INSDC accession number 1495:1520 The INSDC accession number is HF679056. 24202736 14 83 theme accession 1505:1513 arg1 HF679056 1525:1532 HF679056 1525:1532 HF679056 1525:1532 The INSDC accession number is HF679056. 24202736 12 84 theme gene 1231:1234 arg1 analysis 1245:1252 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1222:1252 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1222:1252 Based on the chemotaxonomic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G12(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus amargosae. 24202736 11 85 theme Geodermatophilus 1164:1179 arg1 members 1143:1149 the members 1139:1149 the members of the genus Geodermatophilus 1139:1179 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 13 86 theme JCM 1433:1435 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 13 86 theme JCM 1433:1435 arg1 B-3578 1468:1473 ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578 1417:1473 =DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360 1369:1488 Type strain is G12(T) [=G96] (=DSM 46136(T) = CCUG 62971(T) = MTCC 11559(T) = ATCC 25081(T) = JCM 3153(T) = NBRC 13316(T) = NRRL B-3578(T) = KCTC 9360(T)). 24202736 4 87 theme DSMZ 312:315 arg1 collection 322:331 the DSMZ open collection 308:331 the DSMZ open collection 308:331 amargosae, was accessed in the DSMZ open collection as DSM 46136(T). 24202736 9 88 theme small 878:882 arg1 menaquinone 942:952 the dominant menaquinone 929:952 the dominant menaquinone 929:952 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 88 theme small 878:882 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 804:822 phosphatidylcholine 804:822 phosphatidylcholine 804:822 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 88 theme small 878:882 arg1 H₄ 921:922 H₄ 921:922 H₄ 921:922 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 88 theme small 878:882 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 825:848 phosphatidylethanolamine 825:848 phosphatidylethanolamine 825:848 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 88 theme small 878:882 arg1 amount 884:889 a small amount 876:889 a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) 876:923 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 88 theme small 878:882 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 894:913 phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9 894:919 phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) 894:923 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 9 88 theme small 878:882 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 851:870 phosphatidylinositol 851:870 phosphatidylinositol 851:870 The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H₄) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 24202736 11 89 theme rRNA 1087:1090 arg1 gene 1092:1095 The 16S rRNA gene 1079:1095 The 16S rRNA gene 1079:1095 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.2-99.5 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 24202736 7 90 theme mol 665:667 arg1 % 668:668 73.0 mol% 660:668 73.0 mol% 660:668 The DNA G+C content of the strain was 73.0 mol%. 24202736 7 90 theme mol 665:667 arg1 content 634:640 The DNA G+C content 622:640 The DNA G+C content of the strain 622:654 The DNA G+C content of the strain was 73.0 mol%. 24132914 2 0 theme flagellate 115:124 arg1 bacterium 170:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 4 1 theme major 366:370 arg1 MK-9 409:412 MK-9 409:412 MK-9 409:412 The major menaquinones of strain DCY72(T) were MK-9(H2) (81.0 %) and MK-10(H2) (12.2%). 24132914 4 1 theme major 366:370 arg1 menaquinones 372:383 The major menaquinones 362:383 The major menaquinones of strain DCY72(T) 362:402 The major menaquinones of strain DCY72(T) were MK-9(H2) (81.0 %) and MK-10(H2) (12.2%). 24132914 7 2 theme mol 629:631 arg1 content 612:618 The genomic DNA G+C content 592:618 The genomic DNA G+C content 592:618 The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. 24132914 7 2 theme mol 629:631 arg1 % 632:632 64.5 mol% 624:632 64.5 mol% 624:632 The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. 24132914 2 3 attach isolated 206:213 arg1 soil 224:227 the soil 220:227 the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 220:262 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 2 3 attach isolated 206:213 arg2 bacterium 170:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 9 4 theme sequence 918:925 arg1 similarity 927:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 4 theme sequence 918:925 arg1 DCY72 859:863 strain DCY72 852:863 strain DCY72(T) 852:866 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 5 5 theme amino 460:464 arg1 acid 466:469 The major amino acid 450:469 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 450:508 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 5 5 theme amino 460:464 arg1 L-lysine 514:521 L-lysine 514:521 L-lysine 514:521 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 9 6 dep A. 872:873 arg1 ramosus 875:881 ramosus 875:881 ramosus 875:881 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 2 7 theme Gram-stain-positive 94:112 arg1 bacterium 170:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 5 8 theme major 454:458 arg1 acid 466:469 The major amino acid 450:469 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 450:508 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 5 8 theme major 454:458 arg1 L-lysine 514:521 L-lysine 514:521 L-lysine 514:521 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 10 9 theme ± 1146:1146 arg1 % 1144:1144 23.2% ± 0.9 1140:1150 23.2% ± 0.9 1140:1150 was 12.9% ± 0.3, 25.6% ± 0.3, 26.6% ± 0.5 and 23.2% ± 0.9, respectively. 24132914 11 10 dep characteristics 1198:1212 arg1 basis 1174:1178 basis 1174:1178 basis 1174:1178 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 11 10 dep characteristics 1198:1212 arg1 the 1170:1172 the 1170:1172 the 1170:1172 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 8 11 theme strain 681:686 arg1 T 694:694 T 694:694 T 694:694 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 8 11 theme strain 681:686 arg1 DCY72 688:692 strain DCY72 681:692 strain DCY72(T) 681:695 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 2 12 theme field 258:262 arg1 soil 224:227 the soil 220:227 the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 220:262 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 0 13 theme Arthrobacter 0:11 arg1 sp 27:28 Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp 0:28 Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 0:29 Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 7 14 theme DNA 604:606 arg1 content 612:618 The genomic DNA G+C content 592:618 The genomic DNA G+C content 592:618 The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. 24132914 7 14 theme DNA 604:606 arg1 % 632:632 64.5 mol% 624:632 64.5 mol% 624:632 The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. 24132914 5 15 from peptidoglycan 496:508 arg1 present 471:477 present 471:477 present 471:477 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 2 16 theme catalase- 139:147 arg1 bacterium 170:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 8 17 theme Arthrobacter 767:778 arg1 T 797:797 T 797:797 T 797:797 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 8 17 theme Arthrobacter 767:778 arg1 similarity 807:816 98.2% similarity 801:816 98.2% similarity 801:816 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 8 17 theme Arthrobacter 767:778 arg1 CCM 788:790 Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646 767:795 Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity) 767:817 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 9 18 theme Arthrobacter 1048:1059 arg1 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 18 theme Arthrobacter 1048:1059 arg1 20528 1076:1080 Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528 1048:1080 Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%) 1048:1091 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 18 theme Arthrobacter 1048:1059 arg1 % 1090:1090 97.3% 1086:1090 97.3% 1086:1090 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 2 19 theme pentaphyllum 245:256 arg1 field 258:262 a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 232:262 a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 232:262 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 7 20 theme G+C 608:610 arg1 content 612:618 The genomic DNA G+C content 592:618 The genomic DNA G+C content 592:618 The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. 24132914 7 20 theme G+C 608:610 arg1 % 632:632 64.5 mol% 624:632 64.5 mol% 624:632 The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. 24132914 3 21 theme 0-5 345:347 arg1 % 348:348 % 348:348 % 348:348 Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 4-10 (optimum pH 7), and with 0-5% NaCl (w/v). 24132914 10 22 theme ± 1104:1104 arg1 % 1102:1102 12.9% ± 0.3 1098:1108 12.9% ± 0.3 1098:1108 was 12.9% ± 0.3, 25.6% ± 0.3, 26.6% ± 0.5 and 23.2% ± 0.9, respectively. 24132914 9 23 theme nitroguajacolicus 953:969 arg1 T 982:982 T 982:982 T 982:982 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 23 theme nitroguajacolicus 953:969 arg1 % 990:990 97.6% 986:990 97.6% 986:990 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 23 theme nitroguajacolicus 953:969 arg1 KACC 971:974 Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581 940:980 Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%) 940:991 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 11 24 theme strain 1269:1274 arg1 T 1282:1282 T 1282:1282 T 1282:1282 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 11 24 theme strain 1269:1274 arg1 DCY72 1276:1280 strain DCY72 1269:1280 strain DCY72(T) 1269:1283 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 8 25 theme family 713:718 arg1 Micrococcaceae 720:733 the family Micrococcaceae 709:733 the family Micrococcaceae 709:733 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 1 26 theme Gynostemma 61:70 arg1 field 85:89 a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 59:89 a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 59:89 nov., isolated from soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 3 27 theme % 348:348 arg1 w/v 356:358 w/v 356:358 w/v 356:358 Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 4-10 (optimum pH 7), and with 0-5% NaCl (w/v). 24132914 3 27 theme % 348:348 arg1 NaCl 350:353 0-5% NaCl 345:353 0-5% NaCl (w/v) 345:359 Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 4-10 (optimum pH 7), and with 0-5% NaCl (w/v). 24132914 0 28 theme gyeryongensis 13:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp 0:28 Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 0:29 Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 2 29 theme rod-shaped 127:136 arg1 bacterium 170:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 13 30 theme type 1411:1414 arg1 strain 1416:1421 The type strain 1407:1421 The type strain 1407:1421 The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)). 24132914 13 30 theme type 1411:1414 arg1 DCY72 1426:1430 DCY72 1426:1430 DCY72 1426:1430 The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)). 24132914 1 31 theme pentaphyllum 72:83 arg1 field 85:89 a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 59:89 a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 59:89 nov., isolated from soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 7 32 theme genomic 596:602 arg1 content 612:618 The genomic DNA G+C content 592:618 The genomic DNA G+C content 592:618 The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. 24132914 7 32 theme genomic 596:602 arg1 % 632:632 64.5 mol% 624:632 64.5 mol% 624:632 The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. 24132914 11 33 theme Arthrobacter 1358:1369 arg1 sp 1385:1386 the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp 1349:1386 the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp 1349:1386 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 3 34 theme optimum 321:327 arg1 pH 312:313 pH 4-10 312:318 pH 4-10 (optimum pH 7) 312:333 Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 4-10 (optimum pH 7), and with 0-5% NaCl (w/v). 24132914 3 34 theme optimum 321:327 arg1 pH 329:330 optimum pH 7 321:332 optimum pH 7 321:332 Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 4-10 (optimum pH 7), and with 0-5% NaCl (w/v). 24132914 8 35 theme ramosus 780:786 arg1 T 797:797 T 797:797 T 797:797 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 8 35 theme ramosus 780:786 arg1 similarity 807:816 98.2% similarity 801:816 98.2% similarity 801:816 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 8 35 theme ramosus 780:786 arg1 CCM 788:790 Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646 767:795 Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity) 767:817 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 9 36 theme KACC 883:886 arg1 T 894:894 T 894:894 T 894:894 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 36 theme KACC 883:886 arg1 14391 888:892 A. ramosus KACC 14391 872:892 A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) 872:895 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 1 37 theme field 85:89 arg1 soil 51:54 soil 51:54 soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 51:89 nov., isolated from soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 5 38 attach present 471:477 arg2 L-lysine 514:521 L-lysine 514:521 L-lysine 514:521 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 5 38 attach present 471:477 arg2 acid 466:469 The major amino acid 450:469 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 450:508 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 5 38 attach present 471:477 arg1 peptidoglycan 496:508 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 482:508 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 482:508 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 11 39 theme gyeryongensis 1371:1383 arg1 sp 1385:1386 the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp 1349:1386 the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp 1349:1386 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 10 40 theme ± 1117:1117 arg1 % 1115:1115 25.6% ± 0.3 1111:1121 25.6% ± 0.3 1111:1121 was 12.9% ± 0.3, 25.6% ± 0.3, 26.6% ± 0.5 and 23.2% ± 0.9, respectively. 24132914 5 41 theme cell-wall 486:494 arg1 peptidoglycan 496:508 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 482:508 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 482:508 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 11 42 theme physiological 1238:1250 arg1 characteristics 1252:1266 physiological characteristics 1238:1266 physiological characteristics 1238:1266 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 13 43 theme  = KCTC 1436:1442 arg1 T 1465:1465 T 1465:1465 T 1465:1465 The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)). 24132914 13 43 theme  = KCTC 1436:1442 arg1 18514 1459:1463  = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514 1436:1463  = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T) 1436:1466 The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)). 24132914 8 44 theme rRNA 639:642 arg1 analysis 658:665 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 635:665 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 635:665 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 9 45 theme gene 913:916 arg1 similarity 927:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 45 theme gene 913:916 arg1 DCY72 859:863 strain DCY72 852:863 strain DCY72(T) 852:866 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 46 theme Arthrobacter 940:951 arg1 T 982:982 T 982:982 T 982:982 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 46 theme Arthrobacter 940:951 arg1 % 990:990 97.6% 986:990 97.6% 986:990 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 46 theme Arthrobacter 940:951 arg1 KACC 971:974 Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581 940:980 Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%) 940:991 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 8 47 theme 16S 635:637 arg1 rRNA 639:642 16S rRNA 635:642 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 635:665 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 9 48 theme aurescens 1061:1069 arg1 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 48 theme aurescens 1061:1069 arg1 20528 1076:1080 Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528 1048:1080 Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%) 1048:1091 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 48 theme aurescens 1061:1069 arg1 % 1090:1090 97.3% 1086:1090 97.3% 1086:1090 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 10 49 theme ± 1130:1130 arg1 % 1128:1128 26.6% ± 0.5 1124:1134 26.6% ± 0.5 1124:1134 was 12.9% ± 0.3, 25.6% ± 0.3, 26.6% ± 0.5 and 23.2% ± 0.9, respectively. 24132914 11 50 theme genotypic 1215:1223 arg1 analysis 1225:1232 genotypic analysis 1215:1232 genotypic analysis 1215:1232 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 8 51 theme sequence 649:656 arg1 analysis 658:665 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 635:665 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 635:665 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 9 52 theme KACC 1071:1074 arg1 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 52 theme KACC 1071:1074 arg1 20528 1076:1080 Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528 1048:1080 Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%) 1048:1091 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 52 theme KACC 1071:1074 arg1 % 1090:1090 97.3% 1086:1090 97.3% 1086:1090 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 8 53 theme 98.2 801:804 arg1 % 805:805 % 805:805 % 805:805 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 2 54 theme oxidase-positive 153:168 arg1 bacterium 170:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium 92:178 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 8 55 theme gene 644:647 arg1 analysis 658:665 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 635:665 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 635:665 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 11 56 theme Arthrobacter 1325:1336 arg1 species 1304:1310 a novel species 1296:1310 a novel species 1296:1310 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 4 57 theme DCY72 395:399 arg1 MK-9 409:412 MK-9 409:412 MK-9 409:412 The major menaquinones of strain DCY72(T) were MK-9(H2) (81.0 %) and MK-10(H2) (12.2%). 24132914 4 57 theme DCY72 395:399 arg1 menaquinones 372:383 The major menaquinones 362:383 The major menaquinones of strain DCY72(T) 362:402 The major menaquinones of strain DCY72(T) were MK-9(H2) (81.0 %) and MK-10(H2) (12.2%). 24132914 5 58 theme present 471:477 arg1 acid 466:469 The major amino acid 450:469 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 450:508 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 5 58 theme present 471:477 arg1 L-lysine 514:521 L-lysine 514:521 L-lysine 514:521 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 24132914 9 59 theme DNA-DNA 824:830 arg1 relatedness 832:842 The DNA-DNA relatedness 820:842 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 820:1092 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 13 60 theme  = JCM 1452:1457 arg1 T 1465:1465 T 1465:1465 T 1465:1465 The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)). 24132914 13 60 theme  = JCM 1452:1457 arg1 18514 1459:1463  = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514 1436:1463  = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T) 1436:1466 The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)). 24132914 11 61 theme novel 1298:1302 arg1 species 1304:1310 a novel species 1296:1310 a novel species 1296:1310 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 9 62 theme % 902:902 arg1 similarity 927:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 62 theme % 902:902 arg1 DCY72 859:863 strain DCY72 852:863 strain DCY72(T) 852:866 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 8 63 theme % 805:805 arg1 CCM 788:790 Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646 767:795 Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity) 767:817 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 8 63 theme % 805:805 arg1 similarity 807:816 98.2% similarity 801:816 98.2% similarity 801:816 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY72(T) belonged to the family Micrococcaceae and was most closely related to Arthrobacter ramosus CCM 1646(T) (98.2% similarity). 24132914 9 64 theme A. 872:873 arg1 T 894:894 T 894:894 T 894:894 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 64 theme A. 872:873 arg1 14391 888:892 A. ramosus KACC 14391 872:892 A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) 872:895 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 2 65 theme Gynostemma 234:243 arg1 field 258:262 a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 232:262 a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field 232:262 A Gram-stain-positive, flagellate, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated DCY72(T), was isolated from the soil of a Gynostemma pentaphyllum field. 24132914 9 66 theme 16S 904:906 arg1 similarity 927:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 66 theme 16S 904:906 arg1 DCY72 859:863 strain DCY72 852:863 strain DCY72(T) 852:866 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 13 67 theme T 1450:1450 arg1 T 1465:1465 T 1465:1465 T 1465:1465 The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)). 24132914 13 67 theme T 1450:1450 arg1 18514 1459:1463  = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514 1436:1463  = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T) 1436:1466 The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)). 24132914 6 68 theme fatty 534:538 arg1 anteiso-C 551:559 anteiso-C 551:559 anteiso-C 551:559 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 24132914 6 68 theme fatty 534:538 arg1 acids 540:544 The major fatty acids 524:544 The major fatty acids 524:544 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 24132914 11 69 theme genus 1319:1323 arg1 Arthrobacter 1325:1336 the genus Arthrobacter 1315:1336 the genus Arthrobacter 1315:1336 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 13 70 dep DCY72 1426:1430 arg1 T 1465:1465 T 1465:1465 T 1465:1465 The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)). 24132914 13 70 dep DCY72 1426:1430 arg1 18514 1459:1463  = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514 1436:1463  = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T) 1436:1466 The type strain is DCY72(T) ( = KCTC 33072(T) = JCM 18514(T)). 24132914 9 71 theme Arthrobacter 994:1005 arg1 % 1041:1041 97.3% 1037:1041 97.3% 1037:1041 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 71 theme Arthrobacter 994:1005 arg1 KACC 1022:1025 Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508 994:1031 Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) 994:1042 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 71 theme Arthrobacter 994:1005 arg1 T 1033:1033 T 1033:1033 T 1033:1033 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 3 72 theme optimum 293:299 arg1 °C 289:290 4-34 °C 284:290 4-34 °C (optimum 30 °C) 284:306 Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 4-10 (optimum pH 7), and with 0-5% NaCl (w/v). 24132914 3 72 theme optimum 293:299 arg1 °C 304:305 optimum 30 °C 293:305 optimum 30 °C 293:305 Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 4-10 (optimum pH 7), and with 0-5% NaCl (w/v). 24132914 9 73 theme rRNA 908:911 arg1 similarity 927:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 73 theme rRNA 908:911 arg1 DCY72 859:863 strain DCY72 852:863 strain DCY72(T) 852:866 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 6 74 theme major 528:532 arg1 anteiso-C 551:559 anteiso-C 551:559 anteiso-C 551:559 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 24132914 6 74 theme major 528:532 arg1 acids 540:544 The major fatty acids 524:544 The major fatty acids 524:544 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 24132914 11 75 theme phenotypic 1187:1196 arg1 characteristics 1198:1212 the phenotypic characteristics 1183:1212 the phenotypic characteristics 1183:1212 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 9 76 theme nicotinovorans 1007:1020 arg1 % 1041:1041 97.3% 1037:1041 97.3% 1037:1041 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 76 theme nicotinovorans 1007:1020 arg1 KACC 1022:1025 Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508 994:1031 Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) 994:1042 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 76 theme nicotinovorans 1007:1020 arg1 T 1033:1033 T 1033:1033 T 1033:1033 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 4 77 theme strain 388:393 arg1 T 401:401 T 401:401 T 401:401 The major menaquinones of strain DCY72(T) were MK-9(H2) (81.0 %) and MK-10(H2) (12.2%). 24132914 4 77 theme strain 388:393 arg1 DCY72 395:399 strain DCY72 388:399 strain DCY72(T) 388:402 The major menaquinones of strain DCY72(T) were MK-9(H2) (81.0 %) and MK-10(H2) (12.2%). 24132914 9 78 theme strain 852:857 arg1 similarity 927:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 898:936 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 78 theme strain 852:857 arg1 T 865:865 T 865:865 T 865:865 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 9 78 theme strain 852:857 arg1 DCY72 859:863 strain DCY72 852:863 strain DCY72(T) 852:866 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY72(T) and A. ramosus KACC 14391(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus KACC 14581(T) (97.6%), Arthrobacter nicotinovorans KACC 20508(T) (97.3%) and Arthrobacter aurescens KACC 20528(T) (97.3%). 24132914 11 79 theme name 1353:1356 arg1 sp 1385:1386 the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp 1349:1386 the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp 1349:1386 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and physiological characteristics, strain DCY72(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter gyeryongensis sp. 24132914 5 80 from present 471:477 arg1 peptidoglycan 496:508 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 482:508 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 482:508 The major amino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was L-lysine. 28820108 3 0 theme non-flagellated 293:307 arg1 bacterium 330:338 an aerobic, non-flagellated and short-rod-shaped bacterium 281:338 an aerobic, non-flagellated and short-rod-shaped bacterium 281:338 The organism stained Gram-positive and was an aerobic, non-flagellated and short-rod-shaped bacterium. 28820108 14 1 theme type 1511:1514 arg1 63MJ-1T 1526:1532 63MJ-1T 1526:1532 63MJ-1T (=KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T) 1526:1560 The type strain is 63MJ-1T (=KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T). 28820108 14 1 theme type 1511:1514 arg1 strain 1516:1521 The type strain 1507:1521 The type strain 1507:1521 The type strain is 63MJ-1T (=KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T). 28820108 5 2 theme 16S 531:533 arg1 rRNA 535:538 the 16S rRNA 527:538 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 527:561 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 10 3 theme diagnostic 1224:1233 arg1 acid 1241:1244 the diagnostic amino acid 1220:1244 the diagnostic amino acid 1220:1244 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. 28820108 10 3 theme diagnostic 1224:1233 arg1 type 1174:1177 The peptidoglycan type 1156:1177 The peptidoglycan type 1156:1177 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. 28820108 12 4 theme name 1455:1458 arg1 intestinalis 1472:1483 the name Nakamurella intestinalis 1451:1483 the name Nakamurella intestinalis 1451:1483 Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it was demonstrated that strain 63MJ-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 5 5 dep Nakamurella 625:635 arg1 panacisegetis 637:649 panacisegetis 637:649 panacisegetis 637:649 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 11 6 theme DNA 1251:1253 arg1 content 1259:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. 28820108 11 6 theme DNA 1251:1253 arg1 % 1279:1279 64.6 mol% 1271:1279 64.6 mol% 1271:1279 The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. 28820108 12 7 theme chemotaxonomic 1327:1340 arg1 data 1342:1345 the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data 1291:1345 the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data 1291:1345 Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it was demonstrated that strain 63MJ-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 5 8 theme rRNA 535:538 arg1 analysis 554:561 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 527:561 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 527:561 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 14 9 theme 18662T=NBRC 1541:1551 arg1 111844T 1553:1559 =KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T 1535:1559 =KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T 1535:1559 The type strain is 63MJ-1T (=KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T). 28820108 14 9 theme 18662T=NBRC 1541:1551 arg1 63MJ-1T 1526:1532 63MJ-1T 1526:1532 63MJ-1T (=KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T) 1526:1560 The type strain is 63MJ-1T (=KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T). 28820108 4 10 dep optimum 419:425 arg1 pH 428:429 pH 7.0 428:433 pH 7.0 428:433 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 5 11 theme gene 540:543 arg1 analysis 554:561 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 527:561 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 527:561 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 4 12 theme 4-35 °C 375:381 arg1 range 366:370 the range 362:370 the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) 362:434 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 6 13 theme Phylogenetic 760:771 arg1 trees 773:777 Phylogenetic trees 760:777 Phylogenetic trees 760:777 Phylogenetic trees also indicated that strain 63MJ-1T formed one robust cluster with members of the genusNakamurella. 28820108 4 14 dep 4-35 °C 375:381 arg1 28-30 °C 393:400 28-30 °C 393:400 28-30 °C 393:400 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 4 14 dep 4-35 °C 375:381 arg1 optimum 384:390 optimum 384:390 optimum 384:390 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 2 15 theme fresh 139:143 arg1 faeces 145:150 fresh faeces 139:150 fresh faeces of broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea 139:235 One strain, designated 63MJ-1T, was isolated from fresh faeces of broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea. 28820108 5 16 theme sequence 545:552 arg1 analysis 554:561 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 527:561 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 527:561 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 9 17 theme major 1091:1095 arg1 C16  1114:1117 C16  1114:1117 C16  1114:1117 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28820108 9 17 theme major 1091:1095 arg1 acids 1103:1107 The major fatty acids 1087:1107 The major fatty acids 1087:1107 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28820108 10 18 theme peptidoglycan 1160:1172 arg1 acid 1241:1244 the diagnostic amino acid 1220:1244 the diagnostic amino acid 1220:1244 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. 28820108 10 18 theme peptidoglycan 1160:1172 arg1 type 1174:1177 The peptidoglycan type 1156:1177 The peptidoglycan type 1156:1177 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. 28820108 12 19 theme novel 1401:1405 arg1 species 1407:1413 a novel species 1399:1413 a novel species 1399:1413 Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it was demonstrated that strain 63MJ-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 5 20 theme Nakamurella 625:635 arg1 P4-7T 651:655 Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T 625:655 Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %) 625:664 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 20 theme Nakamurella 625:635 arg1 % 663:663 95.9 % 658:663 95.9 % 658:663 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 21 dep Nakamurella 667:677 arg1 endophytica 679:689 endophytica 679:689 endophytica 679:689 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 9 22 theme fatty 1097:1101 arg1 C16  1114:1117 C16  1114:1117 C16  1114:1117 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28820108 9 22 theme fatty 1097:1101 arg1 acids 1103:1107 The major fatty acids 1087:1107 The major fatty acids 1087:1107 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28820108 5 23 theme DSM 739:741 arg1 44233T 743:748 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T 714:748 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %) 714:757 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 23 theme DSM 739:741 arg1 % 756:756 95.7 % 751:756 95.7 % 751:756 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 8 24 theme unidentified 1066:1077 arg1 lipids 1079:1084 two unidentified lipids 1062:1084 two unidentified lipids 1062:1084 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 28820108 12 25 theme phylogenetic 1295:1306 arg1 data 1342:1345 the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data 1291:1345 the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data 1291:1345 Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it was demonstrated that strain 63MJ-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 1 26 theme Pseudorhynchus 63:76 arg1 japonicus 78:86 Pseudorhynchus japonicus 63:86 Pseudorhynchus japonicus 63:86 nov., isolated from the faeces of Pseudorhynchus japonicus. 28820108 0 27 theme intestinalis 12:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Nakamurella intestinalis sp 0:26 Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 0:27 Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 11 28 theme G+C 1255:1257 arg1 content 1259:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. 28820108 11 28 theme G+C 1255:1257 arg1 % 1279:1279 64.6 mol% 1271:1279 64.6 mol% 1271:1279 The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. 28820108 1 29 theme japonicus 78:86 arg1 faeces 53:58 the faeces 49:58 the faeces of Pseudorhynchus japonicus 49:86 nov., isolated from the faeces of Pseudorhynchus japonicus. 28820108 0 30 theme Nakamurella 0:10 arg1 sp 25:26 Nakamurella intestinalis sp 0:26 Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 0:27 Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 12 31 theme Nakamurella 1460:1470 arg1 intestinalis 1472:1483 the name Nakamurella intestinalis 1451:1483 the name Nakamurella intestinalis 1451:1483 Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it was demonstrated that strain 63MJ-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 6 32 theme strain 799:804 arg1 63MJ-1T 806:812 strain 63MJ-1T 799:812 strain 63MJ-1T 799:812 Phylogenetic trees also indicated that strain 63MJ-1T formed one robust cluster with members of the genusNakamurella. 28820108 4 33 contain containing 493:502 arg2 NaCl 508:511 7 % NaCl 504:511 7 % NaCl 504:511 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 4 33 contain containing 493:502 arg1 media 487:491 media 487:491 media containing 7 % NaCl 487:511 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 10 34 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1192:1210 arg1 acid 1212:1215 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1192:1215 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1192:1215 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. 28820108 8 35 theme Polar 934:938 arg1 lipids 940:945 Polar lipids 934:945 Polar lipids 934:945 Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 28820108 2 36 theme katydids 168:175 arg1 faeces 145:150 fresh faeces 139:150 fresh faeces of broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea 139:235 One strain, designated 63MJ-1T, was isolated from fresh faeces of broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea. 28820108 6 37 theme robust 825:830 arg1 cluster 832:838 one robust cluster 821:838 one robust cluster 821:838 Phylogenetic trees also indicated that strain 63MJ-1T formed one robust cluster with members of the genusNakamurella. 28820108 5 38 theme highest 590:596 arg1 similarities 607:618 the highest sequence similarities 586:618 the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %) 586:757 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 2 39 theme broad-winged 155:166 arg1 katydids 168:175 broad-winged katydids 155:175 broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea 155:235 One strain, designated 63MJ-1T, was isolated from fresh faeces of broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea. 28820108 5 40 theme Nakamurella 714:724 arg1 44233T 743:748 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T 714:748 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %) 714:757 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 40 theme Nakamurella 714:724 arg1 % 756:756 95.7 % 751:756 95.7 % 751:756 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 4 41 theme 5  460:461 arg1 % 462:462 % 462:462 % 462:462 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 5 42 theme sequence 598:605 arg1 similarities 607:618 the highest sequence similarities 586:618 the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %) 586:757 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 6 43 theme genusNakamurella 860:875 arg1 members 845:851 members 845:851 members of the genusNakamurella 845:875 Phylogenetic trees also indicated that strain 63MJ-1T formed one robust cluster with members of the genusNakamurella. 28820108 11 44 theme 64.6 mol 1271:1278 arg1 content 1259:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. 28820108 11 44 theme 64.6 mol 1271:1278 arg1 % 1279:1279 64.6 mol% 1271:1279 64.6 mol% 1271:1279 The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. 28820108 5 45 theme multipartita 726:737 arg1 44233T 743:748 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T 714:748 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %) 714:757 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 45 theme multipartita 726:737 arg1 % 756:756 95.7 % 751:756 95.7 % 751:756 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 46 theme Nakamurella 667:677 arg1 2Q3S-4-2T 691:699 Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T 667:699 Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) 667:708 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 46 theme Nakamurella 667:677 arg1 % 707:707 95.8 % 702:707 95.8 % 702:707 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 3 47 theme aerobic 284:290 arg1 bacterium 330:338 an aerobic, non-flagellated and short-rod-shaped bacterium 281:338 an aerobic, non-flagellated and short-rod-shaped bacterium 281:338 The organism stained Gram-positive and was an aerobic, non-flagellated and short-rod-shaped bacterium. 28820108 12 48 theme strain 1373:1378 arg1 63MJ-1T 1380:1386 strain 63MJ-1T 1373:1386 strain 63MJ-1T 1373:1386 Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it was demonstrated that strain 63MJ-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 5 49 with similarities 607:618 arg1 P4-7T 651:655 Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T 625:655 Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %) 625:664 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 49 with similarities 607:618 arg1 % 756:756 95.7 % 751:756 95.7 % 751:756 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 49 with similarities 607:618 arg1 2Q3S-4-2T 691:699 Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T 667:699 Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) 667:708 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 49 with similarities 607:618 arg1 % 663:663 95.9 % 658:663 95.9 % 658:663 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 49 with similarities 607:618 arg1 % 707:707 95.8 % 702:707 95.8 % 702:707 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 5 49 with similarities 607:618 arg1 44233T 743:748 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T 714:748 Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %) 714:757 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 7 50 theme strain 905:910 arg1 63MJ-1T 912:918 strain 63MJ-1T 905:918 strain 63MJ-1T 905:918 The predominant quinone of strain 63MJ-1T was MK-8(H4). 28820108 4 51 theme NaCl 464:467 arg1 presence 448:455 the presence 444:455 the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v) 444:473 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 14 52 theme =KACC 1535:1539 arg1 111844T 1553:1559 =KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T 1535:1559 =KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T 1535:1559 The type strain is 63MJ-1T (=KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T). 28820108 14 52 theme =KACC 1535:1539 arg1 63MJ-1T 1526:1532 63MJ-1T 1526:1532 63MJ-1T (=KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T) 1526:1560 The type strain is 63MJ-1T (=KACC 18662T=NBRC 111844T). 28820108 4 53 theme % 462:462 arg1 w/v 470:472 w/v 470:472 w/v 470:472 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 4 53 theme % 462:462 arg1 NaCl 464:467 5 % NaCl 460:467 5 % NaCl (w/v) 460:473 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 5 54 theme strain 564:569 arg1 63MJ-1T 571:577 strain 63MJ-1T 564:577 strain 63MJ-1T 564:577 According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 63MJ-1T showed the highest sequence similarities with Nakamurella panacisegetis P4-7T (95.9 %), Nakamurella endophytica 2Q3S-4-2T (95.8 %) and Nakamurella multipartita DSM 44233T (95.7 %). 28820108 7 55 theme predominant 882:892 arg1 MK-8 924:927 MK-8 924:927 MK-8 924:927 The predominant quinone of strain 63MJ-1T was MK-8(H4). 28820108 7 55 theme predominant 882:892 arg1 quinone 894:900 The predominant quinone 878:900 The predominant quinone of strain 63MJ-1T 878:918 The predominant quinone of strain 63MJ-1T was MK-8(H4). 28820108 4 56 theme 7  504:505 arg1 % 506:506 % 506:506 % 506:506 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 7 57 theme 63MJ-1T 912:918 arg1 MK-8 924:927 MK-8 924:927 MK-8 924:927 The predominant quinone of strain 63MJ-1T was MK-8(H4). 28820108 7 57 theme 63MJ-1T 912:918 arg1 quinone 894:900 The predominant quinone 878:900 The predominant quinone of strain 63MJ-1T 878:918 The predominant quinone of strain 63MJ-1T was MK-8(H4). 28820108 4 58 theme pH 407:408 arg1 range 366:370 the range 362:370 the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) 362:434 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28820108 2 59 attach isolated 125:132 arg2 strain 93:98 One strain 89:98 One strain 89:98 One strain, designated 63MJ-1T, was isolated from fresh faeces of broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea. 28820108 2 59 attach isolated 125:132 arg1 faeces 145:150 fresh faeces 139:150 fresh faeces of broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea 139:235 One strain, designated 63MJ-1T, was isolated from fresh faeces of broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea. 28820108 12 60 theme Nakamurella 1428:1438 arg1 species 1407:1413 a novel species 1399:1413 a novel species 1399:1413 Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it was demonstrated that strain 63MJ-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 3 61 theme short-rod-shaped 313:328 arg1 bacterium 330:338 an aerobic, non-flagellated and short-rod-shaped bacterium 281:338 an aerobic, non-flagellated and short-rod-shaped bacterium 281:338 The organism stained Gram-positive and was an aerobic, non-flagellated and short-rod-shaped bacterium. 28820108 2 62 theme Korea 231:235 arg1 Republic 219:226 the Republic 215:226 the Republic of Korea 215:235 One strain, designated 63MJ-1T, was isolated from fresh faeces of broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea. 28820108 2 62 theme Korea 231:235 arg1 Jinan-gun 190:198 Jinan-gun 190:198 Jinan-gun 190:198 One strain, designated 63MJ-1T, was isolated from fresh faeces of broad-winged katydids collected in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, the Republic of Korea. 28820108 9 63 dep  0 1119:1120 arg1  0 1152:1153  0 1152:1153  0 1152:1153 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28820108 9 63 dep  0 1119:1120 arg1 iso-C15  1143:1150 iso-C15  1143:1150 iso-C15  1143:1150 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28820108 9 63 dep  0 1119:1120 arg1  0 1136:1137  0 1136:1137  0 1136:1137 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28820108 12 64 dep sp 1485:1486 arg1 intestinalis 1472:1483 the name Nakamurella intestinalis 1451:1483 the name Nakamurella intestinalis 1451:1483 Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it was demonstrated that strain 63MJ-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 12 65 theme physiological 1309:1321 arg1 data 1342:1345 the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data 1291:1345 the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data 1291:1345 Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it was demonstrated that strain 63MJ-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 12 66 theme genus 1422:1426 arg1 Nakamurella 1428:1438 the genus Nakamurella 1418:1438 the genus Nakamurella 1418:1438 Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it was demonstrated that strain 63MJ-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella intestinalis sp. 28820108 10 67 theme amino 1235:1239 arg1 acid 1241:1244 the diagnostic amino acid 1220:1244 the diagnostic amino acid 1220:1244 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. 28820108 10 67 theme amino 1235:1239 arg1 type 1174:1177 The peptidoglycan type 1156:1177 The peptidoglycan type 1156:1177 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. 28820108 9 68 dep C16  1114:1117 arg1  0 1119:1120  0 1119:1120  0 1119:1120 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28820108 4 69 theme % 506:506 arg1 NaCl 508:511 7 % NaCl 504:511 7 % NaCl 504:511 The organism grew in the range of 4-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 5 % NaCl (w/v), but not in media containing 7 % NaCl. 28043369 6 0 theme body 827:830 arg1 weight 832:837 9 g/kg of body weight 817:837 9 g/kg of body weight 817:837 Acidosis was induced by oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3. 28043369 13 1 theme metabolic 1784:1792 arg1 acidosis 1800:1807 metabolic acute acidosis 1784:1807 metabolic acute acidosis 1784:1807 The results demonstrated that metabolic acute acidosis substantially influences the characteristics of both serum and FF. 28043369 2 2 from indices 312:318 arg1 blood 327:331 the blood 323:331 the blood 323:331 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 2 2 from indices 312:318 arg1 fluid 348:352 cerebrospinal fluid 334:352 cerebrospinal fluid 334:352 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 2 2 from indices 312:318 arg1 urine 359:363 urine 359:363 urine 359:363 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 8 3 theme peripheral 1047:1056 arg1 blood 1058:1062 peripheral blood 1047:1062 peripheral blood 1047:1062 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 3 4 theme oocyte 481:486 arg1 quality 488:494 oocyte quality 481:494 oocyte quality 481:494 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, are not fully elucidated. 28043369 9 5 theme BE 1183:1184 arg1 values 1186:1191 pH, HCO3-, and BE values 1168:1191 pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood 1168:1204 A significant decrease in pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood, as well as FF, occurred after sucrose treatment. 28043369 6 6 theme oral 783:786 arg1 administration 788:801 oral administration 783:801 oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3 783:881 Acidosis was induced by oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3. 28043369 1 7 theme variables 165:173 arg1 organs 206:211 genital organs 198:211 genital organs 198:211 Acid-base balance is one of the most vigorously regulated variables of the body, including genital organs. 28043369 1 7 theme variables 165:173 arg1 one 128:130 one 128:130 one 128:130 Acid-base balance is one of the most vigorously regulated variables of the body, including genital organs. 28043369 1 7 theme variables 165:173 arg1 variables 165:173 the most vigorously regulated variables 135:173 the most vigorously regulated variables 135:173 Acid-base balance is one of the most vigorously regulated variables of the body, including genital organs. 28043369 6 8 theme tap 866:868 arg1 water 870:874 warm tap water 861:874 warm tap water 861:874 Acidosis was induced by oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3. 28043369 4 9 theme acid-base 567:575 arg1 balance 577:583 acid-base balance 567:583 acid-base balance (ABB) 567:589 This study aimed to evaluate the changes in acid-base balance (ABB) in FF and blood during acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers. 28043369 4 9 theme acid-base 567:575 arg1 ABB 586:588 ABB 586:588 ABB 586:588 This study aimed to evaluate the changes in acid-base balance (ABB) in FF and blood during acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers. 28043369 2 10 theme dairy 267:271 arg1 cows 273:276 dairy cows 267:276 dairy cows 267:276 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 8 11 theme follicular 1020:1029 arg1 aspiration 1031:1040 transvaginal follicular aspiration 1007:1040 transvaginal follicular aspiration 1007:1040 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 5 12 theme 12-hour 732:738 arg1 D0-D3 751:755 D0-D3 751:755 D0-D3 751:755 Ten Holstein heifers were stimulated with FSH in eight decreasing doses at 12-hour intervals (D0-D3). 28043369 5 12 theme 12-hour 732:738 arg1 intervals 740:748 12-hour intervals 732:748 12-hour intervals (D0-D3) 732:756 Ten Holstein heifers were stimulated with FSH in eight decreasing doses at 12-hour intervals (D0-D3). 28043369 0 13 from balance 52:58 arg1 blood 84:88 blood 84:88 blood 84:88 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 0 13 from balance 52:58 arg1 fluid 74:78 follicular fluid 63:78 follicular fluid 63:78 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 4 14 theme dairy 642:646 arg1 heifers 648:654 dairy heifers 642:654 dairy heifers 642:654 This study aimed to evaluate the changes in acid-base balance (ABB) in FF and blood during acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers. 28043369 2 15 theme Subacute 214:221 arg1 disturbance 252:262 a common disturbance 243:262 a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine 243:363 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 2 15 theme Subacute 214:221 arg1 acidosis 231:238 Subacute ruminal acidosis 214:238 Subacute ruminal acidosis 214:238 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 11 16 from values 1409:1414 arg1 18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L 1426:1443 18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L 1426:1443 18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L 1426:1443 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 16 from values 1409:1414 arg1 FF 1450:1451 FF 1450:1451 FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) 1450:1473 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 16 from values 1409:1414 arg1 blood 1419:1423 blood 1419:1423 blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) 1419:1444 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 16 from values 1409:1414 arg1 18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L 1454:1472 18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L 1454:1472 18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L 1454:1472 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 4 17 theme acute 614:618 arg1 acidosis 630:637 acute metabolic acidosis 614:637 acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers 614:654 This study aimed to evaluate the changes in acid-base balance (ABB) in FF and blood during acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers. 28043369 0 18 theme follicular 63:72 arg1 fluid 74:78 follicular fluid 63:78 follicular fluid 63:78 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 0 19 from Impact 0:5 arg1 balance 52:58 the acid-base balance 38:58 the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle 38:104 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 11 20 from -6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L 1539:1556 arg1 blood 1586:1590 blood 1586:1590 blood 1586:1590 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 20 from -6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L 1539:1556 arg1 FF 1596:1597 FF 1596:1597 FF 1596:1597 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 21 from -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L 1562:1580 arg1 blood 1586:1590 blood 1586:1590 blood 1586:1590 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 21 from -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L 1562:1580 arg1 FF 1596:1597 FF 1596:1597 FF 1596:1597 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 3 22 theme metabolic 399:407 arg1 acidosis 409:416 metabolic acidosis 399:416 metabolic acidosis 399:416 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, are not fully elucidated. 28043369 5 23 theme Holstein 661:668 arg1 heifers 670:676 Ten Holstein heifers 657:676 Ten Holstein heifers 657:676 Ten Holstein heifers were stimulated with FSH in eight decreasing doses at 12-hour intervals (D0-D3). 28043369 11 24 dep values 1531:1536 arg1 BE 1528:1529 BE 1528:1529 BE 1528:1529 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 24 dep values 1531:1536 arg1 -6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L 1539:1556 -6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L 1539:1556 -6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L 1539:1556 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 24 dep values 1531:1536 arg1 values 1531:1536 BE values 1528:1536 the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively) 1517:1612 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 24 dep values 1531:1536 arg1 -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L 1562:1580 -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L 1562:1580 -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L 1562:1580 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 13 25 theme serum 1862:1866 arg1 characteristics 1838:1852 the characteristics 1834:1852 the characteristics of both serum and FF 1834:1873 The results demonstrated that metabolic acute acidosis substantially influences the characteristics of both serum and FF. 28043369 3 26 theme follicular 425:434 arg1 FF 443:444 FF 443:444 FF 443:444 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, are not fully elucidated. 28043369 3 26 theme follicular 425:434 arg1 fluid 436:440 follicular fluid 425:440 the follicular fluid (FF) composition 421:457 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, are not fully elucidated. 28043369 0 27 theme acute 10:14 arg1 acidosis 26:33 acute metabolic acidosis 10:33 acute metabolic acidosis 10:33 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 13 28 theme FF 1872:1873 arg1 characteristics 1838:1852 the characteristics 1834:1852 the characteristics of both serum and FF 1834:1873 The results demonstrated that metabolic acute acidosis substantially influences the characteristics of both serum and FF. 28043369 3 29 theme possible 370:377 arg1 effects 388:394 The possible negative effects 366:394 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, 366:495 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, are not fully elucidated. 28043369 0 30 theme acidosis 26:33 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 0:105 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 5 31 theme decreasing 712:721 arg1 doses 723:727 eight decreasing doses 706:727 eight decreasing doses at 12-hour intervals (D0-D3) 706:756 Ten Holstein heifers were stimulated with FSH in eight decreasing doses at 12-hour intervals (D0-D3). 28043369 2 32 theme biochemical 300:310 arg1 indices 312:318 several biochemical indices 292:318 several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine 292:363 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 13 33 theme acute 1794:1798 arg1 acidosis 1800:1807 metabolic acute acidosis 1784:1807 metabolic acute acidosis 1784:1807 The results demonstrated that metabolic acute acidosis substantially influences the characteristics of both serum and FF. 28043369 9 34 from values 1186:1191 arg1 blood 1200:1204 the blood 1196:1204 the blood 1196:1204 A significant decrease in pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood, as well as FF, occurred after sucrose treatment. 28043369 10 35 theme pH 1267:1268 arg1 values 1270:1275 The lowest pH values 1256:1275 The lowest pH values 1256:1275 The lowest pH values occurred in blood at 16 hours, and in FF at 24 hours, after treatment (7.30 ± 0.05 and 7.33 ± 0.05, respectively). 28043369 11 36 theme HCO3- 1403:1407 arg1 values 1409:1414 The lowest HCO3- values 1392:1414 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) 1392:1473 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 2 37 theme cerebrospinal 334:346 arg1 fluid 348:352 cerebrospinal fluid 334:352 cerebrospinal fluid 334:352 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 6 38 from weight 832:837 arg1 administration 788:801 oral administration 783:801 oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3 783:881 Acidosis was induced by oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3. 28043369 9 39 theme pH 1168:1169 arg1 values 1186:1191 pH, HCO3-, and BE values 1168:1191 pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood 1168:1204 A significant decrease in pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood, as well as FF, occurred after sucrose treatment. 28043369 6 40 theme 9 g/kg of 817:825 arg1 weight 832:837 9 g/kg of body weight 817:837 9 g/kg of body weight 817:837 Acidosis was induced by oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3. 28043369 9 41 theme HCO3- 1172:1176 arg1 values 1186:1191 pH, HCO3-, and BE values 1168:1191 pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood 1168:1204 A significant decrease in pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood, as well as FF, occurred after sucrose treatment. 28043369 6 42 theme sucrose 806:812 arg1 administration 788:801 oral administration 783:801 oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3 783:881 Acidosis was induced by oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3. 28043369 2 43 theme common 245:250 arg1 disturbance 252:262 a common disturbance 243:262 a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine 243:363 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 2 43 theme common 245:250 arg1 acidosis 231:238 Subacute ruminal acidosis 214:238 Subacute ruminal acidosis 214:238 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 10 44 from 24 hours 1321:1328 arg1 16 hours 1298:1305 16 hours 1298:1305 16 hours 1298:1305 The lowest pH values occurred in blood at 16 hours, and in FF at 24 hours, after treatment (7.30 ± 0.05 and 7.33 ± 0.05, respectively). 28043369 9 45 from FF 1218:1219 arg1 values 1186:1191 pH, HCO3-, and BE values 1168:1191 pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood 1168:1204 A significant decrease in pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood, as well as FF, occurred after sucrose treatment. 28043369 12 46 theme FF 1742:1743 arg1 samples 1745:1751 blood and FF samples 1732:1751 blood and FF samples 1732:1751 Significant correlations for HCO3- (r = 0.928), BE (r = 0.946), pH (r = 0.889), and pCO2 (r = 0.522) existed between blood and FF samples. 28043369 1 47 theme regulated 155:163 arg1 organs 206:211 genital organs 198:211 genital organs 198:211 Acid-base balance is one of the most vigorously regulated variables of the body, including genital organs. 28043369 1 47 theme regulated 155:163 arg1 variables 165:173 the most vigorously regulated variables 135:173 the most vigorously regulated variables 135:173 Acid-base balance is one of the most vigorously regulated variables of the body, including genital organs. 28043369 8 48 theme FF 991:992 arg1 Samples 980:986 Samples 980:986 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood 980:1062 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 6 49 theme water 870:874 arg1 10 L 853:856 10 L 853:856 10 L of warm tap water 853:874 Acidosis was induced by oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3. 28043369 8 50 theme blood 1058:1062 arg1 Samples 980:986 Samples 980:986 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood 980:1062 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 51 dep excess 1129:1134 arg1 BE 1137:1138 BE 1137:1138 BE 1137:1138 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 6 52 theme warm 861:864 arg1 water 870:874 warm tap water 861:874 warm tap water 861:874 Acidosis was induced by oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3. 28043369 0 53 from fluid 74:78 arg1 cattle 99:104 dairy cattle 93:104 dairy cattle 93:104 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 1 54 theme body 182:185 arg1 organs 206:211 genital organs 198:211 genital organs 198:211 Acid-base balance is one of the most vigorously regulated variables of the body, including genital organs. 28043369 1 54 theme body 182:185 arg1 variables 165:173 the most vigorously regulated variables 135:173 the most vigorously regulated variables 135:173 Acid-base balance is one of the most vigorously regulated variables of the body, including genital organs. 28043369 8 55 theme transvaginal 1007:1018 arg1 aspiration 1031:1040 transvaginal follicular aspiration 1007:1040 transvaginal follicular aspiration 1007:1040 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 12 56 theme blood 1732:1736 arg1 samples 1745:1751 blood and FF samples 1732:1751 blood and FF samples 1732:1751 Significant correlations for HCO3- (r = 0.928), BE (r = 0.946), pH (r = 0.889), and pCO2 (r = 0.522) existed between blood and FF samples. 28043369 4 57 theme metabolic 620:628 arg1 acidosis 630:637 acute metabolic acidosis 614:637 acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers 614:654 This study aimed to evaluate the changes in acid-base balance (ABB) in FF and blood during acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers. 28043369 1 58 theme Acid-base 107:115 arg1 balance 117:123 Acid-base balance 107:123 Acid-base balance 107:123 Acid-base balance is one of the most vigorously regulated variables of the body, including genital organs. 28043369 0 59 from blood 84:88 arg1 cattle 99:104 dairy cattle 93:104 dairy cattle 93:104 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 4 60 from changes 556:562 arg1 balance 577:583 acid-base balance 567:583 acid-base balance (ABB) 567:589 This study aimed to evaluate the changes in acid-base balance (ABB) in FF and blood during acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers. 28043369 4 60 from changes 556:562 arg1 blood 601:605 blood 601:605 blood 601:605 This study aimed to evaluate the changes in acid-base balance (ABB) in FF and blood during acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers. 28043369 4 60 from changes 556:562 arg1 ABB 586:588 ABB 586:588 ABB 586:588 This study aimed to evaluate the changes in acid-base balance (ABB) in FF and blood during acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers. 28043369 4 60 from changes 556:562 arg1 FF 594:595 FF 594:595 FF 594:595 This study aimed to evaluate the changes in acid-base balance (ABB) in FF and blood during acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers. 28043369 2 61 theme ruminal 223:229 arg1 disturbance 252:262 a common disturbance 243:262 a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine 243:363 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 2 61 theme ruminal 223:229 arg1 acidosis 231:238 Subacute ruminal acidosis 214:238 Subacute ruminal acidosis 214:238 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 2 62 from disturbance 252:262 arg1 cows 273:276 dairy cows 267:276 dairy cows 267:276 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 9 63 theme sucrose 1237:1243 arg1 treatment 1245:1253 sucrose treatment 1237:1253 sucrose treatment 1237:1253 A significant decrease in pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood, as well as FF, occurred after sucrose treatment. 28043369 8 64 dep parameters 1086:1095 arg1 pO2 1108:1110 pO2 1108:1110 pO2 1108:1110 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 64 dep parameters 1086:1095 arg1 HCO3- 1113:1117 HCO3- 1113:1117 HCO3- 1113:1117 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 64 dep parameters 1086:1095 arg1 pH 1098:1099 pH 1098:1099 pH 1098:1099 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 64 dep parameters 1086:1095 arg1 pCO2 1102:1105 pCO2 1102:1105 pCO2 1102:1105 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 64 dep parameters 1086:1095 arg1 excess 1129:1134 base excess 1124:1134 base excess (BE) 1124:1139 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 64 dep parameters 1086:1095 arg1 parameters 1086:1095 ABB parameters 1082:1095 ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE) 1082:1139 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 2 65 theme several 292:298 arg1 indices 312:318 several biochemical indices 292:318 several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine 292:363 Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disturbance in dairy cows that disturbs several biochemical indices in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. 28043369 0 66 theme dairy 93:97 arg1 cattle 99:104 dairy cattle 93:104 dairy cattle 93:104 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 5 67 from intervals 740:748 arg1 doses 723:727 eight decreasing doses 706:727 eight decreasing doses at 12-hour intervals (D0-D3) 706:756 Ten Holstein heifers were stimulated with FSH in eight decreasing doses at 12-hour intervals (D0-D3). 28043369 12 68 theme Significant 1615:1625 arg1 correlations 1627:1638 Significant correlations 1615:1638 Significant correlations for HCO3- (r = 0.928), BE (r = 0.946), pH (r = 0.889), and pCO2 (r = 0.522) 1615:1714 Significant correlations for HCO3- (r = 0.928), BE (r = 0.946), pH (r = 0.889), and pCO2 (r = 0.522) existed between blood and FF samples. 28043369 8 69 theme base 1124:1127 arg1 excess 1129:1134 base excess 1124:1134 base excess (BE) 1124:1139 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 69 theme base 1124:1127 arg1 parameters 1086:1095 ABB parameters 1082:1095 ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE) 1082:1139 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 3 70 theme acidosis 409:416 arg1 effects 388:394 The possible negative effects 366:394 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, 366:495 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, are not fully elucidated. 28043369 11 71 dep did 1513:1515 arg1 as 1510:1511 as 1510:1511 as 1510:1511 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 6 72 from D3 880:881 arg1 weight 832:837 9 g/kg of body weight 817:837 9 g/kg of body weight 817:837 Acidosis was induced by oral administration of sucrose at 9 g/kg of body weight, dissolved in 10 L of warm tap water, at D3. 28043369 0 73 theme metabolic 16:24 arg1 acidosis 26:33 acute metabolic acidosis 10:33 acute metabolic acidosis 10:33 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 3 74 theme fluid 436:440 arg1 composition 447:457 the follicular fluid (FF) composition 421:457 the follicular fluid (FF) composition 421:457 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, are not fully elucidated. 28043369 3 75 theme negative 379:386 arg1 effects 388:394 The possible negative effects 366:394 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, 366:495 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, are not fully elucidated. 28043369 1 76 theme genital 198:204 arg1 organs 206:211 genital organs 198:211 genital organs 198:211 Acid-base balance is one of the most vigorously regulated variables of the body, including genital organs. 28043369 0 77 theme acid-base 42:50 arg1 balance 52:58 the acid-base balance 38:58 the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle 38:104 Impact of acute metabolic acidosis on the acid-base balance in follicular fluid and blood in dairy cattle. 28043369 9 78 from decrease 1156:1163 arg1 values 1186:1191 pH, HCO3-, and BE values 1168:1191 pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood 1168:1204 A significant decrease in pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood, as well as FF, occurred after sucrose treatment. 28043369 11 79 theme lowest 1396:1401 arg1 values 1409:1414 The lowest HCO3- values 1392:1414 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) 1392:1473 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 3 80 from effects 388:394 arg1 composition 447:457 the follicular fluid (FF) composition 421:457 the follicular fluid (FF) composition 421:457 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, are not fully elucidated. 28043369 3 80 from effects 388:394 arg1 subsequently 464:475 subsequently 464:475 subsequently 464:475 The possible negative effects of metabolic acidosis on the follicular fluid (FF) composition and, subsequently, on oocyte quality, are not fully elucidated. 28043369 11 81 theme lowest 1521:1526 arg1 -6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L 1539:1556 -6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L 1539:1556 -6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L 1539:1556 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 81 theme lowest 1521:1526 arg1 values 1531:1536 BE values 1528:1536 the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively) 1517:1612 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 11 81 theme lowest 1521:1526 arg1 -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L 1562:1580 -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L 1562:1580 -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L 1562:1580 The lowest HCO3- values in blood (18.75 ± 3.2 mmol/L) and FF (18.07 ± 2.84 mmol/L) occurred 24 hours after treatment, as did the lowest BE values (-6.61 ± 3.7 mmol/L and -7.53 ± 3.89 mmol/L, in blood and FF, respectively). 28043369 4 82 from acidosis 630:637 arg1 heifers 648:654 dairy heifers 642:654 dairy heifers 642:654 This study aimed to evaluate the changes in acid-base balance (ABB) in FF and blood during acute metabolic acidosis in dairy heifers. 28043369 9 83 theme significant 1144:1154 arg1 decrease 1156:1163 A significant decrease 1142:1163 A significant decrease in pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood 1142:1204 A significant decrease in pH, HCO3-, and BE values in the blood, as well as FF, occurred after sucrose treatment. 28043369 8 84 theme ABB 1082:1084 arg1 pO2 1108:1110 pO2 1108:1110 pO2 1108:1110 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 84 theme ABB 1082:1084 arg1 HCO3- 1113:1117 HCO3- 1113:1117 HCO3- 1113:1117 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 84 theme ABB 1082:1084 arg1 pH 1098:1099 pH 1098:1099 pH 1098:1099 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 84 theme ABB 1082:1084 arg1 pCO2 1102:1105 pCO2 1102:1105 pCO2 1102:1105 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 84 theme ABB 1082:1084 arg1 excess 1129:1134 base excess 1124:1134 base excess (BE) 1124:1139 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 8 84 theme ABB 1082:1084 arg1 parameters 1086:1095 ABB parameters 1082:1095 ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE) 1082:1139 Samples of FF, obtained by transvaginal follicular aspiration, and peripheral blood were examined for ABB parameters: pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, and base excess (BE). 28043369 10 85 theme lowest 1260:1265 arg1 values 1270:1275 The lowest pH values 1256:1275 The lowest pH values 1256:1275 The lowest pH values occurred in blood at 16 hours, and in FF at 24 hours, after treatment (7.30 ± 0.05 and 7.33 ± 0.05, respectively). 28043369 10 86 dep treatment 1337:1345 arg1 7.33 ± 0.05 1364:1374 7.33 ± 0.05 1364:1374 7.33 ± 0.05 1364:1374 The lowest pH values occurred in blood at 16 hours, and in FF at 24 hours, after treatment (7.30 ± 0.05 and 7.33 ± 0.05, respectively). 28043369 10 86 dep treatment 1337:1345 arg1 7.30 ± 0.05 1348:1358 7.30 ± 0.05 1348:1358 7.30 ± 0.05 1348:1358 The lowest pH values occurred in blood at 16 hours, and in FF at 24 hours, after treatment (7.30 ± 0.05 and 7.33 ± 0.05, respectively). 25240022 6 0 theme distinct 814:821 arg1 line 823:826 a distinct line 812:826 a distinct line of descent 812:837 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 13 1 theme 19575 1637:1641 arg1 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 13 1 theme 19575 1637:1641 arg1 28356 1652:1656  = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356 1630:1656  = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T) 1630:1659 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 3 2 theme Moukalaba-Doudou 395:410 arg1 Gabon 427:431 the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon 391:431 Gabon 427:431 Three strains, KZ01(T), KZ02 and KZ03, were isolated at the Kyoto City Zoo, Japan, and one strain, GG02, was isolated in the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. 25240022 7 3 theme novel 971:975 arg1 strains 977:983 these novel strains 965:983 these novel strains 965:983 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 10 4 theme major 1330:1334 arg1 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 4 theme major 1330:1334 arg1 acids 1342:1346 the major fatty acids 1326:1346 the major fatty acids 1326:1346 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 13 5 theme T 1643:1643 arg1 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 13 5 theme T 1643:1643 arg1 28356 1652:1656  = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356 1630:1656  = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T) 1630:1659 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 1 6 theme gorillas 94:101 arg1 faeces 51:56 the faeces 47:56 the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 47:127 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 6 7 contain had 808:810 arg1 strains 730:736 strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 730:765 strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 730:765 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 7 contain had 808:810 arg1 KZ02 747:750 KZ02 747:750 KZ02 747:750 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 7 contain had 808:810 arg1 KZ03 753:756 KZ03 753:756 KZ03 753:756 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 7 contain had 808:810 arg1 KZ01 738:741 KZ01 738:741 KZ01 738:741 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 7 contain had 808:810 arg2 line 823:826 a distinct line 812:826 a distinct line of descent 812:837 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 7 contain had 808:810 arg1 GG02 762:765 GG02 762:765 GG02 762:765 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 2 8 theme Gorilla 244:250 arg1 gorilla 260:266 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 244:266 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 244:266 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 2 8 theme Gorilla 244:250 arg1 gorillas 234:241 western lowland gorillas 218:241 western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 218:267 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 9 9 theme strain 1237:1242 arg1 KZ01 1244:1247 strain KZ01 1237:1247 strain KZ01(T) 1237:1250 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 9 9 theme strain 1237:1242 arg1 T 1249:1249 T 1249:1249 T 1249:1249 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 6 10 theme single 776:781 arg1 cluster 796:802 a single monophyletic cluster 774:802 a single monophyletic cluster 774:802 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 10 11 dep C16  1353:1356 arg1 C19  1377:1380 C19  1377:1380 C19  1377:1380 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 11 dep C16  1353:1356 arg1  1ω9c 1367:1371  1ω9c 1367:1371  1ω9c 1367:1371 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 11 dep C16  1353:1356 arg1 C18  1362:1365 C18  1362:1365 C18  1362:1365 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 1 12 theme wild 73:76 arg1 gorillas 94:101 western lowland gorillas 78:101 captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 61:127 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 1 12 theme wild 73:76 arg1 gorilla 120:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 5 13 theme specific 624:631 arg1 characteristics 644:658 specific phenotypic characteristics 624:658 specific phenotypic characteristics 624:658 These strains belonged to the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics. 25240022 9 14 theme DNA 1218:1220 arg1 % 1264:1264 50.7 mol% 1256:1264 50.7 mol% 1256:1264 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 9 14 theme DNA 1218:1220 arg1 content 1226:1232 the DNA G+C content 1214:1232 the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) 1214:1250 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 7 15 theme fermentum 905:913 arg1 T 924:924 T 924:924 T 924:924 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 7 15 theme fermentum 905:913 arg1 1173 919:922 Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173 891:922 Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) 891:934 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 7 15 theme fermentum 905:913 arg1 neighbour 952:960 the closest neighbour 940:960 the closest neighbour to these novel strains 940:983 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 7 15 theme fermentum 905:913 arg1 % 933:933 96.6 % 928:933 96.6 % 928:933 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 9 16 theme 50.7 1256:1259 arg1 mol 1261:1263 mol 1261:1263 mol 1261:1263 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 8 17 theme pheS 1068:1071 arg1 sequences 1073:1081 Partial pheS sequences 1060:1081 Partial pheS sequences 1060:1081 Partial pheS sequences also supported these relationships. 25240022 11 18 theme Lactobacillus 1523:1535 arg1 species 1502:1508 a novel species 1494:1508 a novel species 1494:1508 Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 5 19 theme rRNA 600:603 arg1 sequences 610:618 16S rRNA gene sequences 596:618 16S rRNA gene sequences 596:618 These strains belonged to the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics. 25240022 9 20 theme DNA-DNA 1119:1125 arg1 relatedness 1127:1137 DNA-DNA relatedness 1119:1137 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) 1119:1189 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 2 21 theme gorillas 234:241 arg1 faeces 208:213 the faeces 204:213 the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 204:267 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 7 22 theme rRNA 880:883 arg1 gene 885:888 the 16S rRNA gene 872:888 the 16S rRNA gene 872:888 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 1 23 theme gorilla 112:118 arg1 gorillas 94:101 western lowland gorillas 78:101 captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 61:127 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 1 23 theme gorilla 112:118 arg1 gorilla 120:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 11 24 theme physiological 1446:1458 arg1 evidence 1460:1467 phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence 1417:1467 phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence 1417:1467 Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 2 25 theme western 218:224 arg1 gorilla 260:266 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 244:266 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 244:266 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 2 25 theme western 218:224 arg1 gorillas 234:241 western lowland gorillas 218:241 western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 218:267 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 13 26 theme type 1606:1609 arg1 KZ01 1621:1624 KZ01 1621:1624 KZ01 1621:1624 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 13 26 theme type 1606:1609 arg1 strain 1611:1616 The type strain 1602:1616 The type strain 1602:1616 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 7 27 theme different 1041:1049 arg1 species 1051:1057 a different species 1039:1057 a different species 1039:1057 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 5 28 theme Lactobacillus 511:523 arg1 group 546:550 the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group 507:550 the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics 507:658 These strains belonged to the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics. 25240022 1 29 theme captive 61:67 arg1 gorillas 94:101 western lowland gorillas 78:101 captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 61:127 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 1 29 theme captive 61:67 arg1 gorilla 120:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 2 30 attach isolated 190:197 arg1 faeces 208:213 the faeces 204:213 the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 204:267 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 2 30 attach isolated 190:197 arg2 strains 135:141 Four strains 130:141 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods 130:183 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 0 31 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 23:24 Lactobacillus gorillae sp 0:24 Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 0:25 Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 9 32 theme fermentum 1169:1177 arg1 1173 1183:1186 L. fermentum JCM 1173 1166:1186 L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) 1166:1189 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 9 32 theme fermentum 1169:1177 arg1 T 1188:1188 T 1188:1188 T 1188:1188 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 5 33 theme phylogenetic 533:544 arg1 group 546:550 the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group 507:550 the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics 507:658 These strains belonged to the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics. 25240022 1 34 theme lowland 86:92 arg1 gorillas 94:101 western lowland gorillas 78:101 captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 61:127 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 1 34 theme lowland 86:92 arg1 gorilla 120:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 2 35 theme Gram-staining-positive 146:167 arg1 rods 180:183 Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods 146:183 Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods 146:183 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 10 36 theme was 1300:1302 arg1 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 36 theme was 1300:1302 arg1 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 36 theme was 1300:1302 arg1 A4β 1304:1306 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β 1267:1306 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) 1267:1320 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 6 37 theme rRNA 696:699 arg1 sequences 706:714 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 686:714 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 686:714 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 11 38 theme Lactobacillus 1557:1569 arg1 sp 1580:1581 the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp 1548:1581 the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp 1548:1581 Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 5 39 dep Lactobacillus 511:523 arg1 reuteri 525:531 reuteri 525:531 reuteri 525:531 These strains belonged to the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics. 25240022 10 40 theme peptidoglycan 1281:1293 arg1 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 40 theme peptidoglycan 1281:1293 arg1 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 40 theme peptidoglycan 1281:1293 arg1 A4β 1304:1306 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β 1267:1306 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) 1267:1320 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 3 41 theme National 412:419 arg1 Gabon 427:431 the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon 391:431 Gabon 427:431 Three strains, KZ01(T), KZ02 and KZ03, were isolated at the Kyoto City Zoo, Japan, and one strain, GG02, was isolated in the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. 25240022 5 42 theme phylogenetic 565:576 arg1 analysis 578:585 phylogenetic analysis 565:585 phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics 565:658 These strains belonged to the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics. 25240022 13 43 dep KZ01 1621:1624 arg1 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 13 43 dep KZ01 1621:1624 arg1 28356 1652:1656  = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356 1630:1656  = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T) 1630:1659 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 10 44 theme fatty 1336:1340 arg1 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 44 theme fatty 1336:1340 arg1 acids 1342:1346 the major fatty acids 1326:1346 the major fatty acids 1326:1346 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 9 45 theme G+C 1222:1224 arg1 % 1264:1264 50.7 mol% 1256:1264 50.7 mol% 1256:1264 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 9 45 theme G+C 1222:1224 arg1 content 1226:1232 the DNA G+C content 1214:1232 the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) 1214:1250 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 2 46 dep Gram-staining-positive 146:167 arg1 anaerobic 170:178 anaerobic 170:178 anaerobic 170:178 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 7 47 theme closest 944:950 arg1 1173 919:922 Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173 891:922 Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) 891:934 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 7 47 theme closest 944:950 arg1 neighbour 952:960 the closest neighbour 940:960 the closest neighbour to these novel strains 940:983 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 2 48 theme gorilla 252:258 arg1 gorilla 260:266 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 244:266 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 244:266 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 2 48 theme gorilla 252:258 arg1 gorillas 234:241 western lowland gorillas 218:241 western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 218:267 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 6 49 theme monophyletic 783:794 arg1 cluster 796:802 a single monophyletic cluster 774:802 a single monophyletic cluster 774:802 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 50 dep strains 730:736 arg1 strains 730:736 strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 730:765 strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 730:765 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 50 dep strains 730:736 arg1 KZ02 747:750 KZ02 747:750 KZ02 747:750 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 50 dep strains 730:736 arg1 KZ03 753:756 KZ03 753:756 KZ03 753:756 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 50 dep strains 730:736 arg1 KZ01 738:741 KZ01 738:741 KZ01 738:741 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 50 dep strains 730:736 arg1 T 743:743 T 743:743 T 743:743 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 6 50 dep strains 730:736 arg1 GG02 762:765 GG02 762:765 GG02 762:765 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 9 51 theme KZ01 1244:1247 arg1 % 1264:1264 50.7 mol% 1256:1264 50.7 mol% 1256:1264 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 9 51 theme KZ01 1244:1247 arg1 content 1226:1232 the DNA G+C content 1214:1232 the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) 1214:1250 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 11 52 theme genus 1517:1521 arg1 Lactobacillus 1523:1535 the genus Lactobacillus 1513:1535 the genus Lactobacillus 1513:1535 Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 6 53 theme sequences 706:714 arg1 analysis 674:681 Phylogenetic analysis 661:681 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences 661:714 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 5 54 theme phenotypic 633:642 arg1 characteristics 644:658 specific phenotypic characteristics 624:658 specific phenotypic characteristics 624:658 These strains belonged to the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics. 25240022 5 55 theme 16S 596:598 arg1 sequences 610:618 16S rRNA gene sequences 596:618 16S rRNA gene sequences 596:618 These strains belonged to the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics. 25240022 7 56 theme JCM 915:917 arg1 T 924:924 T 924:924 T 924:924 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 7 56 theme JCM 915:917 arg1 1173 919:922 Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173 891:922 Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) 891:934 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 7 56 theme JCM 915:917 arg1 neighbour 952:960 the closest neighbour 940:960 the closest neighbour to these novel strains 940:983 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 7 56 theme JCM 915:917 arg1 % 933:933 96.6 % 928:933 96.6 % 928:933 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 9 57 theme mol 1261:1263 arg1 % 1264:1264 50.7 mol% 1256:1264 50.7 mol% 1256:1264 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 9 57 theme mol 1261:1263 arg1 content 1226:1232 the DNA G+C content 1214:1232 the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) 1214:1250 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 8 58 theme Partial 1060:1066 arg1 sequences 1073:1081 Partial pheS sequences 1060:1081 Partial pheS sequences 1060:1081 Partial pheS sequences also supported these relationships. 25240022 6 59 theme descent 831:837 arg1 line 823:826 a distinct line 812:826 a distinct line of descent 812:837 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 13 60 theme  = JCM 1630:1635 arg1 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 13 60 theme  = JCM 1630:1635 arg1 28356 1652:1656  = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356 1630:1656  = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T) 1630:1659 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 5 61 theme gene 605:608 arg1 sequences 610:618 16S rRNA gene sequences 596:618 16S rRNA gene sequences 596:618 These strains belonged to the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics. 25240022 7 62 theme Lactobacillus 891:903 arg1 T 924:924 T 924:924 T 924:924 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 7 62 theme Lactobacillus 891:903 arg1 1173 919:922 Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173 891:922 Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) 891:934 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 7 62 theme Lactobacillus 891:903 arg1 neighbour 952:960 the closest neighbour 940:960 the closest neighbour to these novel strains 940:983 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 7 62 theme Lactobacillus 891:903 arg1 % 933:933 96.6 % 928:933 96.6 % 928:933 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 1 63 theme Gorilla 104:110 arg1 gorillas 94:101 western lowland gorillas 78:101 captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 61:127 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 1 63 theme Gorilla 104:110 arg1 gorilla 120:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 2 64 theme lowland 226:232 arg1 gorilla 260:266 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 244:266 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 244:266 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 2 64 theme lowland 226:232 arg1 gorillas 234:241 western lowland gorillas 218:241 western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 218:267 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 7 65 theme gene 885:888 arg1 similarity 858:867 sequence similarity 849:867 sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene 849:888 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 9 66 theme strain 1147:1152 arg1 KZ01 1154:1157 strain KZ01 1147:1157 strain KZ01(T) 1147:1160 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 9 66 theme strain 1147:1152 arg1 T 1159:1159 T 1159:1159 T 1159:1159 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 7 67 theme 16S 876:878 arg1 gene 885:888 the 16S rRNA gene 872:888 the 16S rRNA gene 872:888 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 2 68 theme rods 180:183 arg1 strains 135:141 Four strains 130:141 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods 130:183 Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 11 69 theme novel 1496:1500 arg1 species 1502:1508 a novel species 1494:1508 a novel species 1494:1508 Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 7 70 theme sequence 849:856 arg1 similarity 858:867 sequence similarity 849:867 sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene 849:888 Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus fermentum JCM 1173(T) (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. 25240022 0 71 theme gorillae 14:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Lactobacillus gorillae sp 0:24 Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 0:25 Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 9 72 theme L. 1166:1167 arg1 1173 1183:1186 L. fermentum JCM 1173 1166:1186 L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) 1166:1189 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 9 72 theme L. 1166:1167 arg1 T 1188:1188 T 1188:1188 T 1188:1188 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 9 73 theme JCM 1179:1181 arg1 1173 1183:1186 L. fermentum JCM 1173 1166:1186 L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) 1166:1189 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 9 73 theme JCM 1179:1181 arg1 T 1188:1188 T 1188:1188 T 1188:1188 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KZ01(T) and L. fermentum JCM 1173(T) was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01(T) was 50.7 mol%. 25240022 1 74 theme western 78:84 arg1 gorillas 94:101 western lowland gorillas 78:101 captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 61:127 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 1 74 theme western 78:84 arg1 gorilla 120:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 Gorilla gorilla gorilla 104:126 nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 25240022 6 75 theme gene 701:704 arg1 sequences 706:714 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 686:714 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 686:714 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 10 76 theme type 1295:1298 arg1 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 76 theme type 1295:1298 arg1 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 76 theme type 1295:1298 arg1 A4β 1304:1306 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β 1267:1306 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) 1267:1320 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 11 77 theme phenotypic 1431:1440 arg1 evidence 1460:1467 phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence 1417:1467 phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence 1417:1467 Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 6 78 theme 16S 692:694 arg1 sequences 706:714 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 686:714 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 686:714 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 11 79 theme gorillae 1571:1578 arg1 sp 1580:1581 the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp 1548:1581 the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp 1548:1581 Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 10 80 theme cell-wall 1271:1279 arg1 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 l-Orn-d-Asp 1309:1319 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 80 theme cell-wall 1271:1279 arg1 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 C16  1353:1356 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 10 80 theme cell-wall 1271:1279 arg1 A4β 1304:1306 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β 1267:1306 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) 1267:1320 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 11 81 theme phylogenetic 1417:1428 arg1 evidence 1460:1467 phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence 1417:1467 phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence 1417:1467 Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 10 82 dep  1ω9c 1367:1371 arg1 cyclo 1385:1389  1 cyclo 9,10 1382:1394 C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10 1353:1394 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn-d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. 25240022 13 83 theme  = DSM 1645:1650 arg1 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 13 83 theme  = DSM 1645:1650 arg1 28356 1652:1656  = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356 1630:1656  = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T) 1630:1659 The type strain is KZ01(T) ( = JCM 19575(T) = DSM 28356(T)). 25240022 11 84 theme name 1552:1555 arg1 sp 1580:1581 the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp 1548:1581 the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp 1548:1581 Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp. 25240022 6 85 theme Phylogenetic 661:672 arg1 analysis 674:681 Phylogenetic analysis 661:681 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences 661:714 Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01(T), KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. 25240022 3 86 theme Park 421:424 arg1 Gabon 427:431 the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon 391:431 Gabon 427:431 Three strains, KZ01(T), KZ02 and KZ03, were isolated at the Kyoto City Zoo, Japan, and one strain, GG02, was isolated in the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. 24573161 13 0 theme  = DSM 1443:1448 arg1 U798 1468:1471  = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798 1443:1471  = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T) 1443:1474 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 13 0 theme  = DSM 1443:1448 arg1 T 1473:1473 T 1473:1473 T 1473:1473 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 10 1 theme closest 1183:1189 arg1 relative 1191:1198 the closest relative 1179:1198 the closest relative 1179:1198 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 10 1 theme closest 1183:1189 arg1 Lb 1082:1083 strain Lb 1075:1083 strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus 1075:1174 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 11 2 theme new 1319:1321 arg1 genus 1323:1327 a new genus 1317:1327 a new genus 1317:1327 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 4 3 theme Strain 515:520 arg1 Lb 522:523 Strain Lb 515:523 Strain Lb(T) 515:526 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 4 3 theme Strain 515:520 arg1 NOB 576:578 an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB 532:578 an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB 532:578 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 4 3 theme Strain 515:520 arg1 T 525:525 T 525:525 T 525:525 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 13 4 theme species 1425:1431 arg1 strain 1406:1411 The type strain 1397:1411 The type strain of the type species 1397:1431 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 13 4 theme species 1425:1431 arg1 Lb 1436:1437 Lb 1436:1437 Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)) 1436:1475 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 13 5 theme 23161 1450:1454 arg1 U798 1468:1471  = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798 1443:1471  = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T) 1443:1474 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 13 5 theme 23161 1450:1454 arg1 T 1473:1473 T 1473:1473 T 1473:1473 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 7 6 theme C20 830:832 arg1 1,2-diols 840:848 C20 alkyl 1,2-diols 830:848 C20 alkyl 1,2-diols 830:848 The membrane lipids consisted of C20 alkyl 1,2-diols with the dominant fatty acids being 10MeC18 and C(18 : 1)ω9. 24573161 2 7 theme mineral 308:314 arg1 medium 316:321 a mineral medium 306:321 a mineral medium with nitrite 306:334 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 10 8 theme rRNA 1049:1052 arg1 sequence 1059:1066 the 16s rRNA gene sequence 1041:1066 the 16s rRNA gene sequence 1041:1066 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 6 9 theme maximum 781:787 arg1 °C 777:778 40 °C 774:778 40 °C (maximum 46 °C) 774:794 Growth with nitrite was optimal at pH 6.8-7.5 and at 40 °C (maximum 46 °C). 24573161 6 9 theme maximum 781:787 arg1 °C 792:793 maximum 46 °C 781:793 maximum 46 °C 781:793 Growth with nitrite was optimal at pH 6.8-7.5 and at 40 °C (maximum 46 °C). 24573161 4 10 dep aerobic 546:552 arg1 chemolitoautotrophic 555:574 chemolitoautotrophic 555:574 chemolitoautotrophic 555:574 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 3 11 theme cell 471:474 arg1 structure 481:489 the cell wall structure 467:489 the cell wall structure 467:489 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 2 12 from loading 271:277 arg1 medium 316:321 a mineral medium 306:321 a mineral medium with nitrite 306:334 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 10 13 theme 16s 1045:1047 arg1 sequence 1059:1066 the 16s rRNA gene sequence 1041:1066 the 16s rRNA gene sequence 1041:1066 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 11 14 theme gen. 1377:1380 arg1 sp 1388:1389 sp 1388:1389 sp 1388:1389 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 11 14 theme gen. 1377:1380 arg1 nov. 1382:1385 the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 1335:1385 the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 1335:1385 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 13 15 theme T 1456:1456 arg1 U798 1468:1471  = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798 1443:1471  = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T) 1443:1474 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 13 15 theme T 1456:1456 arg1 T 1473:1473 T 1473:1473 T 1473:1473 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 11 16 theme genus 1323:1327 arg1 species 1306:1312 a novel species 1298:1312 a novel species of a new genus 1298:1327 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 3 17 theme wall 476:479 arg1 structure 481:489 the cell wall structure 467:489 the cell wall structure 467:489 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 3 18 theme non-motile 419:428 arg1 edges 412:416 pointed edges 404:416 pointed edges 404:416 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 5 19 theme assimilated 699:709 arg1 nitrogen 711:718 assimilated nitrogen 699:718 assimilated nitrogen 699:718 Ammonium served as the only source of assimilated nitrogen. 24573161 1 20 theme chemolithoautotrophic 46:66 arg1 bacterium 86:94 a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium 44:94 a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium 44:94 nov., a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a bioreactor belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi. 24573161 1 20 theme chemolithoautotrophic 46:66 arg1 nov. 38:41 nov. 38:41 nov. 38:41 nov., a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a bioreactor belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi. 24573161 3 21 theme lancet-shaped 379:391 arg1 cells 362:366 The cells 358:366 The cells 358:366 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 3 21 theme lancet-shaped 379:391 arg1 rods 394:397 oval (lancet-shaped) rods 373:397 oval (lancet-shaped) rods 373:397 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 6 22 from °C 777:778 arg1 optimal 745:751 optimal 745:751 optimal 745:751 Growth with nitrite was optimal at pH 6.8-7.5 and at 40 °C (maximum 46 °C). 24573161 10 23 theme gene 1054:1057 arg1 sequence 1059:1066 the 16s rRNA gene sequence 1041:1066 the 16s rRNA gene sequence 1041:1066 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 7 24 theme membrane 801:808 arg1 lipids 810:815 The membrane lipids 797:815 The membrane lipids 797:815 The membrane lipids consisted of C20 alkyl 1,2-diols with the dominant fatty acids being 10MeC18 and C(18 : 1)ω9. 24573161 1 25 theme nitrite-oxidizing 68:84 arg1 bacterium 86:94 a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium 44:94 a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium 44:94 nov., a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a bioreactor belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi. 24573161 1 25 theme nitrite-oxidizing 68:84 arg1 nov. 38:41 nov. 38:41 nov. 38:41 nov., a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a bioreactor belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi. 24573161 10 26 theme class 1097:1101 arg1 Thermomicrobia 1103:1116 the class Thermomicrobia 1093:1116 the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus 1093:1174 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 2 27 theme energy 343:348 arg1 bacterium 186:194 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium 160:194 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB) 160:200 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 27 theme energy 343:348 arg1 source 350:355 the energy source 339:355 the energy source 339:355 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 0 28 theme hollandica 12:21 arg1 nov. 28:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 0:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 0:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 13 29 dep Lb 1436:1437 arg1 U798 1468:1471  = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798 1443:1471  = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T) 1443:1474 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 13 29 dep Lb 1436:1437 arg1 T 1473:1473 T 1473:1473 T 1473:1473 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 11 30 theme strain 1274:1279 arg1 Lb 1281:1282 strain Lb 1274:1282 strain Lb(T) 1274:1285 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 11 30 theme strain 1274:1279 arg1 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 T 1284:1284 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 11 31 theme hollandica 1366:1375 arg1 sp 1388:1389 sp 1388:1389 sp 1388:1389 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 11 31 theme hollandica 1366:1375 arg1 nov. 1382:1385 the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 1335:1385 the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 1335:1385 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 3 32 theme oval 373:376 arg1 cells 362:366 The cells 358:366 The cells 358:366 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 3 32 theme oval 373:376 arg1 rods 394:397 oval (lancet-shaped) rods 373:397 oval (lancet-shaped) rods 373:397 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 0 33 theme Nitrolancea 0:10 arg1 nov. 28:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 0:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 0:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 10 34 with Chloroflexi 1132:1142 arg1 Sphaerobacter 1149:1161 Sphaerobacter 1149:1161 Sphaerobacter 1149:1161 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 11 35 theme suggested 1339:1347 arg1 sp 1388:1389 sp 1388:1389 sp 1388:1389 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 11 35 theme suggested 1339:1347 arg1 nov. 1382:1385 the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 1335:1385 the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 1335:1385 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 2 36 theme strain 203:208 arg1 T 213:213 T 213:213 T 213:213 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 36 theme strain 203:208 arg1 bacterium 186:194 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium 160:194 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB) 160:200 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 36 theme strain 203:208 arg1 Lb 210:211 strain Lb 203:211 strain Lb(T) 203:214 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 10 37 dep Sphaerobacter 1149:1161 arg1 thermophilus 1163:1174 Sphaerobacter thermophilus 1149:1174 Sphaerobacter thermophilus 1149:1174 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 6 38 with Growth 721:726 arg1 nitrite 733:739 nitrite 733:739 nitrite 733:739 Growth with nitrite was optimal at pH 6.8-7.5 and at 40 °C (maximum 46 °C). 24573161 5 39 theme nitrogen 711:718 arg1 source 689:694 the only source 680:694 the only source of assimilated nitrogen 680:718 Ammonium served as the only source of assimilated nitrogen. 24573161 5 39 theme nitrogen 711:718 arg1 Ammonium 661:668 Ammonium 661:668 Ammonium 661:668 Ammonium served as the only source of assimilated nitrogen. 24573161 3 40 with rods 394:397 arg1 edges 412:416 pointed edges 404:416 pointed edges 404:416 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 6 41 from pH 756:757 arg1 optimal 745:751 optimal 745:751 optimal 745:751 Growth with nitrite was optimal at pH 6.8-7.5 and at 40 °C (maximum 46 °C). 24573161 2 42 theme high 266:269 arg1 loading 271:277 a high loading 264:277 a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite 264:334 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 10 43 theme Chloroflexi 1132:1142 arg1 Thermomicrobia 1103:1116 the class Thermomicrobia 1093:1116 the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus 1093:1174 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 3 44 theme pointed 404:410 arg1 edges 412:416 pointed edges 404:416 pointed edges 404:416 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 0 45 theme gen. 23:26 arg1 nov. 28:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 0:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 0:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 11 46 theme novel 1300:1304 arg1 species 1306:1312 a novel species 1298:1312 a novel species of a new genus 1298:1327 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 2 47 theme nitrifying 237:246 arg1 bioreactor 248:257 a nitrifying bioreactor 235:257 a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite 235:334 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 4 48 theme carbon 646:651 arg1 source 653:658 the carbon source 642:658 the carbon source 642:658 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 4 48 theme carbon 646:651 arg1 formate 602:608 formate 602:608 formate 602:608 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 4 48 theme carbon 646:651 arg1 nitrite 591:597 nitrite 591:597 nitrite 591:597 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 10 49 theme phylum 1125:1130 arg1 Chloroflexi 1132:1142 the phylum Chloroflexi 1121:1142 the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus 1121:1174 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 11 50 theme name 1349:1352 arg1 sp 1388:1389 sp 1388:1389 sp 1388:1389 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 11 50 theme name 1349:1352 arg1 nov. 1382:1385 the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 1335:1385 the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 1335:1385 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 4 51 theme energy 617:622 arg1 source 624:629 the energy source 613:629 the energy source 613:629 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 4 51 theme energy 617:622 arg1 formate 602:608 formate 602:608 formate 602:608 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 4 51 theme energy 617:622 arg1 nitrite 591:597 nitrite 591:597 nitrite 591:597 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 5 52 theme only 684:687 arg1 source 689:694 the only source 680:694 the only source of assimilated nitrogen 680:718 Ammonium served as the only source of assimilated nitrogen. 24573161 5 52 theme only 684:687 arg1 Ammonium 661:668 Ammonium 661:668 Ammonium 661:668 Ammonium served as the only source of assimilated nitrogen. 24573161 13 53 theme  = UNIQEM 1458:1466 arg1 U798 1468:1471  = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798 1443:1471  = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T) 1443:1474 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 13 53 theme  = UNIQEM 1458:1466 arg1 T 1473:1473 T 1473:1473 T 1473:1473 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 2 54 theme nitrite-oxidizing 168:184 arg1 bacterium 186:194 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium 160:194 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB) 160:200 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 54 theme nitrite-oxidizing 168:184 arg1 Lb 210:211 strain Lb 203:211 strain Lb(T) 203:214 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 54 theme nitrite-oxidizing 168:184 arg1 source 350:355 the energy source 339:355 the energy source 339:355 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 54 theme nitrite-oxidizing 168:184 arg1 NOB 197:199 NOB 197:199 NOB 197:199 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 11 55 theme phylogenetic 1235:1246 arg1 data 1248:1251 physiological and phylogenetic data 1217:1251 physiological and phylogenetic data 1217:1251 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 13 56 theme type 1401:1404 arg1 strain 1406:1411 The type strain 1397:1411 The type strain of the type species 1397:1431 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 13 56 theme type 1401:1404 arg1 Lb 1436:1437 Lb 1436:1437 Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)) 1436:1475 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 2 57 theme novel 162:166 arg1 bacterium 186:194 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium 160:194 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB) 160:200 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 57 theme novel 162:166 arg1 Lb 210:211 strain Lb 203:211 strain Lb(T) 203:214 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 57 theme novel 162:166 arg1 source 350:355 the energy source 339:355 the energy source 339:355 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 57 theme novel 162:166 arg1 NOB 197:199 NOB 197:199 NOB 197:199 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 0 58 dep sp 34:35 arg1 nov. 28:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 0:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 0:31 Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 8 59 contain contained 949:957 arg1 peptidoglycan 915:927 The peptidoglycan 911:927 The peptidoglycan 911:927 The peptidoglycan lacked meso-DAP but contained ornithine and lysine. 24573161 8 59 contain contained 949:957 arg2 ornithine 959:967 ornithine 959:967 ornithine 959:967 The peptidoglycan lacked meso-DAP but contained ornithine and lysine. 24573161 8 59 contain contained 949:957 arg2 lysine 973:978 lysine 973:978 lysine 973:978 The peptidoglycan lacked meso-DAP but contained ornithine and lysine. 24573161 13 60 theme type 1420:1423 arg1 species 1425:1431 the type species 1416:1431 the type species 1416:1431 The type strain of the type species is Lb(T) ( = DSM 23161(T) = UNIQEM U798(T)). 24573161 2 61 with medium 316:321 arg1 nitrite 328:334 nitrite 328:334 nitrite 328:334 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 7 62 theme fatty 868:872 arg1 acids 874:878 the dominant fatty acids 855:878 the dominant fatty acids 855:878 The membrane lipids consisted of C20 alkyl 1,2-diols with the dominant fatty acids being 10MeC18 and C(18 : 1)ω9. 24573161 7 62 theme fatty 868:872 arg1 10MeC18 886:892 10MeC18 886:892 10MeC18 886:892 The membrane lipids consisted of C20 alkyl 1,2-diols with the dominant fatty acids being 10MeC18 and C(18 : 1)ω9. 24573161 3 63 theme Gram-positive 431:443 arg1 edges 412:416 pointed edges 404:416 pointed edges 404:416 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 7 64 theme dominant 859:866 arg1 acids 874:878 the dominant fatty acids 855:878 the dominant fatty acids 855:878 The membrane lipids consisted of C20 alkyl 1,2-diols with the dominant fatty acids being 10MeC18 and C(18 : 1)ω9. 24573161 7 64 theme dominant 859:866 arg1 10MeC18 886:892 10MeC18 886:892 10MeC18 886:892 The membrane lipids consisted of C20 alkyl 1,2-diols with the dominant fatty acids being 10MeC18 and C(18 : 1)ω9. 24573161 11 65 dep data 1248:1251 arg1 the 1204:1206 the 1204:1206 the 1204:1206 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 11 65 dep data 1248:1251 arg1 basis 1208:1212 basis 1208:1212 basis 1208:1212 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 11 66 theme Nitrolancea 1354:1364 arg1 sp 1388:1389 sp 1388:1389 sp 1388:1389 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 11 66 theme Nitrolancea 1354:1364 arg1 nov. 1382:1385 the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 1335:1385 the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov. 1335:1385 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 7 67 theme alkyl 834:838 arg1 1,2-diols 840:848 C20 alkyl 1,2-diols 830:848 C20 alkyl 1,2-diols 830:848 The membrane lipids consisted of C20 alkyl 1,2-diols with the dominant fatty acids being 10MeC18 and C(18 : 1)ω9. 24573161 2 68 theme bicarbonate 291:301 arg1 loading 271:277 a high loading 264:277 a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite 264:334 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 10 69 theme strain 1075:1080 arg1 T 1085:1085 T 1085:1085 T 1085:1085 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 10 69 theme strain 1075:1080 arg1 Lb 1082:1083 strain Lb 1075:1083 strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus 1075:1174 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 10 69 theme strain 1075:1080 arg1 relative 1191:1198 the closest relative 1179:1198 the closest relative 1179:1198 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 2 70 attach isolated 221:228 arg1 bioreactor 248:257 a nitrifying bioreactor 235:257 a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite 235:334 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 70 attach isolated 221:228 arg2 Lb 210:211 strain Lb 203:211 strain Lb(T) 203:214 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 70 attach isolated 221:228 arg2 source 350:355 the energy source 339:355 the energy source 339:355 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 70 attach isolated 221:228 arg2 NOB 197:199 NOB 197:199 NOB 197:199 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 2 70 attach isolated 221:228 arg2 bacterium 186:194 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium 160:194 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB) 160:200 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 3 71 dep Gram-positive 431:443 arg1 staining 449:456 staining 449:456 staining 449:456 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 3 71 dep Gram-positive 431:443 arg1 structure 481:489 the cell wall structure 467:489 the cell wall structure 467:489 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 9 72 theme dominant 985:992 arg1 lipoquinone 994:1004 The dominant lipoquinone 981:1004 The dominant lipoquinone 981:1004 The dominant lipoquinone was MK-8. 24573161 9 72 theme dominant 985:992 arg1 MK-8 1010:1013 MK-8 1010:1013 MK-8 1010:1013 The dominant lipoquinone was MK-8. 24573161 2 73 theme ammonium 282:289 arg1 bicarbonate 291:301 ammonium bicarbonate 282:301 ammonium bicarbonate 282:301 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24573161 4 74 theme aerobic 546:552 arg1 Lb 522:523 Strain Lb 515:523 Strain Lb(T) 515:526 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 4 74 theme aerobic 546:552 arg1 NOB 576:578 an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB 532:578 an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB 532:578 Strain Lb(T) was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. 24573161 1 75 theme phylum 140:145 arg1 Chloroflexi 147:157 the phylum Chloroflexi 136:157 the phylum Chloroflexi 136:157 nov., a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a bioreactor belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi. 24573161 10 76 theme sequence 1059:1066 arg1 analyses 1029:1036 Phylogenetic analyses 1016:1036 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence 1016:1066 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 10 77 theme Phylogenetic 1016:1027 arg1 analyses 1029:1036 Phylogenetic analyses 1016:1036 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence 1016:1066 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain Lb(T) into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. 24573161 11 78 theme physiological 1217:1229 arg1 data 1248:1251 physiological and phylogenetic data 1217:1251 physiological and phylogenetic data 1217:1251 On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain Lb(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. 24573161 3 79 theme non-spore-forming 496:512 arg1 edges 412:416 pointed edges 404:416 pointed edges 404:416 The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. 24573161 2 80 with bioreactor 248:257 arg1 loading 271:277 a high loading 264:277 a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite 264:334 A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain Lb(T), was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. 24055455 4 0 theme network 739:745 arg1 imaging 718:724 immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging 630:724 immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network 630:745 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 7 1 theme Human 1067:1071 arg1 HMEC 1106:1109 HMEC 1106:1109 HMEC 1106:1109 Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were seeded onto each BMC and cultured for 7 days. 24055455 7 1 theme Human 1067:1071 arg1 cells 1099:1103 Human microvascular endothelial cells 1067:1103 Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) 1067:1110 Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were seeded onto each BMC and cultured for 7 days. 24055455 3 2 theme 3-[ 437:439 arg1 CHAPS 496:500 CHAPS 496:500 CHAPS 496:500 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 3 2 theme 3-[ 437:439 arg1 -1-propanesulfonate 475:493 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate 433:493 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) 433:501 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 11 3 theme resultant 1846:1854 arg1 bioscaffold 1856:1866 the resultant bioscaffold 1842:1866 the resultant bioscaffold 1842:1866 The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization can have a marked effect upon the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold. 24055455 6 4 theme % 1025:1025 arg1 X-100 1034:1038 3% Triton X-100 1024:1038 3% Triton X-100 1024:1038 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 3 5 theme 8mM 433:435 arg1 CHAPS 496:500 CHAPS 496:500 CHAPS 496:500 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 3 5 theme 8mM 433:435 arg1 -1-propanesulfonate 475:493 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate 433:493 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) 433:501 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 3 6 theme dimethylammonio 459:473 arg1 CHAPS 496:500 CHAPS 496:500 CHAPS 496:500 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 3 6 theme dimethylammonio 459:473 arg1 -1-propanesulfonate 475:493 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate 433:493 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) 433:501 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 9 7 theme % 1486:1486 arg1 deoxycholate 1495:1506 4% sodium deoxycholate 1485:1506 4% sodium deoxycholate 1485:1506 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 10 8 theme % 1551:1551 arg1 SDS 1553:1555 1% SDS 1550:1555 1% SDS 1550:1555 Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. 24055455 9 9 contain had 1412:1414 arg2 phenotype 1425:1433 a normal phenotype 1416:1433 a normal phenotype 1416:1433 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 9 9 contain had 1412:1414 arg1 HMEC 1336:1339 HMEC 1336:1339 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 1336:1386 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 1 10 theme matrix 172:177 arg1 complex 113:119 The basement membrane complex 91:119 The basement membrane complex (BMC) 91:125 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 1 10 theme matrix 172:177 arg1 component 141:149 a critical component 130:149 a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells 130:233 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 9 11 theme 8mM 1509:1511 arg1 CHAPS 1513:1517 8mM CHAPS 1509:1517 8mM CHAPS 1509:1517 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 8 12 theme cellular 1287:1294 arg1 infiltration 1296:1307 cellular infiltration 1287:1307 cellular infiltration 1287:1307 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 6 13 theme sodium 1046:1051 arg1 deoxycholate 1053:1064 4% sodium deoxycholate 1043:1064 4% sodium deoxycholate 1043:1064 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 4 14 theme treatment 598:606 arg1 group 608:612 each treatment group 593:612 each treatment group 593:612 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 3 15 theme % 505:505 arg1 deoxycholate 514:525 4% sodium deoxycholate 504:525 4% sodium deoxycholate 504:525 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 1 16 theme membrane 104:111 arg1 complex 113:119 The basement membrane complex 91:119 The basement membrane complex (BMC) 91:125 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 1 16 theme membrane 104:111 arg1 component 141:149 a critical component 130:149 a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells 130:233 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 1 16 theme membrane 104:111 arg1 BMC 122:124 BMC 122:124 BMC 122:124 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 9 17 theme % 1524:1524 arg1 SDS 1526:1528 1% SDS 1523:1528 1% SDS 1523:1528 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 10 18 theme seeded 1592:1597 arg1 HMEC 1599:1602 seeded HMEC 1592:1602 seeded HMEC 1592:1602 Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. 24055455 6 19 theme 4 1043:1043 arg1 % 1044:1044 % 1044:1044 % 1044:1044 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 3 20 theme sodium 533:538 arg1 SDS 557:559 SDS 557:559 SDS 557:559 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 3 20 theme sodium 533:538 arg1 sulfate 548:554 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate 530:554 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 530:560 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 4 21 theme BMC 575:577 arg1 structure 579:587 The BMC structure 571:587 The BMC structure for each treatment group 571:612 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 3 22 theme 1 530:530 arg1 % 531:531 % 531:531 % 531:531 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 6 23 theme collagen 876:883 arg1 fibers 885:890 collagen fibers 876:890 collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS 876:939 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 4 24 theme electron 655:662 arg1 SEM 676:678 SEM 676:678 SEM 676:678 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 4 24 theme electron 655:662 arg1 microscopy 664:673 scanning electron microscopy 646:673 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 646:679 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 0 25 theme scaffold 72:79 arg1 material 81:88 a biologic scaffold material 61:88 a biologic scaffold material 61:88 The effect of detergents on the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material. 24055455 10 26 theme 8mM 1536:1538 arg1 CHAPS 1540:1544 8mM CHAPS 1536:1544 8mM CHAPS 1536:1544 Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. 24055455 9 27 theme % 1373:1373 arg1 X-100 1382:1386 3% Triton X-100 1372:1386 3% Triton X-100 1372:1386 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 3 28 theme urinary 383:389 arg1 bladder 391:397 porcine urinary bladder 375:397 porcine urinary bladder 375:397 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 6 29 theme 8mM 931:933 arg1 CHAPS 935:939 8mM CHAPS 931:939 8mM CHAPS 931:939 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 1 30 theme cells 229:233 arg1 growth 219:224 the growth 215:224 the growth of cells 215:233 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 4 31 theme generation 701:710 arg1 imaging 718:724 immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging 630:724 immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network 630:745 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 6 32 theme 1 920:920 arg1 % 921:921 % 921:921 % 921:921 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 8 33 theme integrin 1225:1232 arg1 β-1 1234:1236 integrin β-1 1225:1236 integrin β-1 1225:1236 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 0 34 theme basement 32:39 arg1 complex 50:56 the basement membrane complex 28:56 the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material 28:88 The effect of detergents on the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material. 24055455 10 35 theme damaged 1632:1638 arg1 tissue 1662:1667 the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue 1628:1667 the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue 1628:1667 Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. 24055455 3 36 theme % 417:417 arg1 Triton-X 419:426 3% Triton-X 100 416:430 3% Triton-X 100 416:430 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 11 37 theme tissue 1759:1764 arg1 decellularization 1766:1782 tissue decellularization 1759:1782 tissue decellularization 1759:1782 The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization can have a marked effect upon the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold. 24055455 8 38 theme semi-quantitative 1255:1271 arg1 assessment 1273:1282 semi-quantitative assessment 1255:1282 semi-quantitative assessment 1255:1282 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 11 39 contain have 1788:1791 arg2 effect 1802:1807 a marked effect 1793:1807 a marked effect 1793:1807 The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization can have a marked effect upon the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold. 24055455 11 39 contain have 1788:1791 arg1 choice 1729:1734 The choice 1725:1734 The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization 1725:1782 The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization can have a marked effect upon the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold. 24055455 2 40 theme tissue 308:313 arg1 decellularization 315:331 tissue decellularization 308:331 tissue decellularization 308:331 This study investigates four detergents commonly used in the process of tissue decellularization and their effect upon the BMC. 24055455 4 41 theme fiber 733:737 arg1 network 739:745 the fiber network 729:745 the fiber network 729:745 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 7 42 theme microvascular 1073:1085 arg1 HMEC 1106:1109 HMEC 1106:1109 HMEC 1106:1109 Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were seeded onto each BMC and cultured for 7 days. 24055455 7 42 theme microvascular 1073:1085 arg1 cells 1099:1103 Human microvascular endothelial cells 1067:1103 Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) 1067:1110 Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were seeded onto each BMC and cultured for 7 days. 24055455 10 43 theme membrane 1653:1660 arg1 tissue 1662:1667 the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue 1628:1667 the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue 1628:1667 Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. 24055455 11 44 theme bioscaffold 1856:1866 arg1 BMC 1835:1837 the BMC 1831:1837 the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold 1831:1866 The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization can have a marked effect upon the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold. 24055455 6 45 theme 3 1024:1024 arg1 % 1025:1025 % 1025:1025 % 1025:1025 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 10 46 dep able 1609:1612 arg1 showed 1670:1675 showed 1670:1675 showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype 1670:1722 Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. 24055455 1 47 theme critical 132:139 arg1 complex 113:119 The basement membrane complex 91:119 The basement membrane complex (BMC) 91:125 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 1 47 theme critical 132:139 arg1 component 141:149 a critical component 130:149 a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells 130:233 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 9 48 theme 4 1485:1485 arg1 % 1486:1486 % 1486:1486 % 1486:1486 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 10 49 theme decreased 1677:1685 arg1 confluence 1687:1696 decreased confluence 1677:1696 decreased confluence 1677:1696 Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. 24055455 11 50 theme marked 1795:1800 arg1 effect 1802:1807 a marked effect 1793:1807 a marked effect 1793:1807 The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization can have a marked effect upon the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold. 24055455 9 51 theme sodium 1488:1493 arg1 deoxycholate 1495:1506 4% sodium deoxycholate 1485:1506 4% sodium deoxycholate 1485:1506 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 10 52 theme 1 1550:1550 arg1 % 1551:1551 % 1551:1551 % 1551:1551 Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. 24055455 1 53 theme extracellular 158:170 arg1 matrix 172:177 the extracellular matrix 154:177 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 154:183 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 1 53 theme extracellular 158:170 arg1 ECM 180:182 ECM 180:182 ECM 180:182 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 10 54 theme atypical 1705:1712 arg1 phenotype 1714:1722 an atypical phenotype 1702:1722 an atypical phenotype 1702:1722 Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. 24055455 3 55 theme sodium 507:512 arg1 deoxycholate 514:525 4% sodium deoxycholate 504:525 4% sodium deoxycholate 504:525 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 8 56 theme infiltration 1296:1307 arg1 β-1 1234:1236 integrin β-1 1225:1236 integrin β-1 1225:1236 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 8 56 theme infiltration 1296:1307 arg1 imaging 1243:1249 SEM imaging 1239:1249 SEM imaging 1239:1249 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 8 56 theme infiltration 1296:1307 arg1 assessment 1273:1282 semi-quantitative assessment 1255:1282 semi-quantitative assessment 1255:1282 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 11 57 theme detergents 1739:1748 arg1 choice 1729:1734 The choice 1725:1734 The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization 1725:1782 The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization can have a marked effect upon the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold. 24055455 3 58 theme 4 504:504 arg1 % 505:505 % 505:505 % 505:505 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 1 59 theme basement 95:102 arg1 complex 113:119 The basement membrane complex 91:119 The basement membrane complex (BMC) 91:125 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 1 59 theme basement 95:102 arg1 component 141:149 a critical component 130:149 a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells 130:233 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 1 59 theme basement 95:102 arg1 BMC 122:124 BMC 122:124 BMC 122:124 The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. 24055455 9 60 theme 1 1523:1523 arg1 % 1524:1524 % 1524:1524 % 1524:1524 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 8 61 theme phenotype 1310:1318 arg1 β-1 1234:1236 integrin β-1 1225:1236 integrin β-1 1225:1236 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 8 61 theme phenotype 1310:1318 arg1 imaging 1243:1249 SEM imaging 1239:1249 SEM imaging 1239:1249 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 8 61 theme phenotype 1310:1318 arg1 assessment 1273:1282 semi-quantitative assessment 1255:1282 semi-quantitative assessment 1255:1282 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 6 62 theme % 1044:1044 arg1 deoxycholate 1053:1064 4% sodium deoxycholate 1043:1064 4% sodium deoxycholate 1043:1064 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 3 63 theme % 531:531 arg1 SDS 557:559 SDS 557:559 SDS 557:559 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 3 63 theme % 531:531 arg1 sulfate 548:554 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate 530:554 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 530:560 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 5 64 theme dsDNA 798:802 arg1 quantification 780:793 quantification 780:793 quantification of dsDNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen content 780:849 The composition was assessed by quantification of dsDNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen content. 24055455 11 65 theme BMC 1835:1837 arg1 integrity 1818:1826 the integrity 1814:1826 the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold 1814:1866 The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization can have a marked effect upon the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold. 24055455 8 66 theme confluence 1324:1333 arg1 β-1 1234:1236 integrin β-1 1225:1236 integrin β-1 1225:1236 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 8 66 theme confluence 1324:1333 arg1 imaging 1243:1249 SEM imaging 1239:1249 SEM imaging 1239:1249 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 8 66 theme confluence 1324:1333 arg1 assessment 1273:1282 semi-quantitative assessment 1255:1282 semi-quantitative assessment 1255:1282 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 6 67 theme Triton 1027:1032 arg1 X-100 1034:1038 3% Triton X-100 1024:1038 3% Triton X-100 1024:1038 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 0 68 theme biologic 63:70 arg1 material 81:88 a biologic scaffold material 61:88 a biologic scaffold material 61:88 The effect of detergents on the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material. 24055455 0 69 from effect 4:9 arg1 complex 50:56 the basement membrane complex 28:56 the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material 28:88 The effect of detergents on the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material. 24055455 0 70 theme material 81:88 arg1 complex 50:56 the basement membrane complex 28:56 the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material 28:88 The effect of detergents on the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material. 24055455 9 71 theme 3 1372:1372 arg1 % 1373:1373 % 1373:1373 % 1373:1373 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 5 72 theme collagen 834:841 arg1 content 843:849 collagen content 834:849 collagen content 834:849 The composition was assessed by quantification of dsDNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen content. 24055455 4 73 theme scanning 646:653 arg1 SEM 676:678 SEM 676:678 SEM 676:678 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 4 73 theme scanning 646:653 arg1 microscopy 664:673 scanning electron microscopy 646:673 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 646:679 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 9 74 theme Triton 1375:1380 arg1 X-100 1382:1386 3% Triton X-100 1372:1386 3% Triton X-100 1372:1386 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 8 75 theme Cell-ECM 1163:1170 arg1 interactions 1172:1183 Cell-ECM interactions 1163:1183 Cell-ECM interactions 1163:1183 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 3 76 theme bladder 391:397 arg1 BMC 368:370 The BMC 364:370 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder 364:397 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 5 77 theme glycosaminoglycans 805:822 arg1 quantification 780:793 quantification 780:793 quantification of dsDNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen content 780:849 The composition was assessed by quantification of dsDNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen content. 24055455 3 78 theme porcine 375:381 arg1 bladder 391:397 porcine urinary bladder 375:397 porcine urinary bladder 375:397 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 0 79 theme detergents 14:23 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of detergents on the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material. 0:89 The effect of detergents on the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material. 24055455 4 80 theme second 685:690 arg1 generation 701:710 second harmonic generation 685:710 second harmonic generation (SHG) 685:716 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 4 80 theme second 685:690 arg1 SHG 713:715 SHG 713:715 SHG 713:715 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 6 81 theme % 921:921 arg1 SDS 923:925 1% SDS 920:925 1% SDS 920:925 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 5 82 theme content 843:849 arg1 quantification 780:793 quantification 780:793 quantification of dsDNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen content 780:849 The composition was assessed by quantification of dsDNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen content. 24055455 4 83 theme immunolabeling 630:643 arg1 imaging 718:724 immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging 630:724 immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network 630:745 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 3 84 theme dodecyl 540:546 arg1 SDS 557:559 SDS 557:559 SDS 557:559 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 3 84 theme dodecyl 540:546 arg1 sulfate 548:554 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate 530:554 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 530:560 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 4 85 theme harmonic 692:699 arg1 generation 701:710 second harmonic generation 685:710 second harmonic generation (SHG) 685:716 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 4 85 theme harmonic 692:699 arg1 SHG 713:715 SHG 713:715 SHG 713:715 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 0 86 theme membrane 41:48 arg1 complex 50:56 the basement membrane complex 28:56 the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material 28:88 The effect of detergents on the basement membrane complex of a biologic scaffold material. 24055455 9 87 theme normal 1418:1423 arg1 phenotype 1425:1433 a normal phenotype 1416:1433 a normal phenotype 1416:1433 HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. 24055455 6 88 theme fewer 979:983 arg1 GAG 985:987 fewer GAG 979:987 fewer GAG 979:987 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 10 89 theme sub-basement 1640:1651 arg1 tissue 1662:1667 the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue 1628:1667 the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue 1628:1667 Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. 24055455 6 90 contain contained 969:977 arg1 ECM 965:967 the ECM 961:967 the ECM 961:967 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 6 90 contain contained 969:977 arg2 GAG 985:987 fewer GAG 979:987 fewer GAG 979:987 The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. 24055455 4 91 theme microscopy 664:673 arg1 imaging 718:724 immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging 630:724 immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network 630:745 The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. 24055455 8 92 theme SEM 1239:1241 arg1 imaging 1243:1249 SEM imaging 1239:1249 SEM imaging 1239:1249 Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin β-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. 24055455 3 93 theme 3-cholamidopropyl 441:457 arg1 CHAPS 496:500 CHAPS 496:500 CHAPS 496:500 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 3 93 theme 3-cholamidopropyl 441:457 arg1 -1-propanesulfonate 475:493 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate 433:493 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) 433:501 The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. 24055455 7 94 theme endothelial 1087:1097 arg1 HMEC 1106:1109 HMEC 1106:1109 HMEC 1106:1109 Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were seeded onto each BMC and cultured for 7 days. 24055455 7 94 theme endothelial 1087:1097 arg1 cells 1099:1103 Human microvascular endothelial cells 1067:1103 Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) 1067:1110 Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were seeded onto each BMC and cultured for 7 days. 24055455 2 95 theme decellularization 315:331 arg1 process 297:303 the process 293:303 the process of tissue decellularization 293:331 This study investigates four detergents commonly used in the process of tissue decellularization and their effect upon the BMC. 27821485 7 0 theme low-grade 1365:1373 arg1 inflammation 1379:1390 low-grade gut inflammation 1365:1390 low-grade gut inflammation 1365:1390 Overall, our findings support the concept that perturbations in host-microbiota interactions that cause low-grade gut inflammation can promote colon carcinogenesis. 27821485 5 1 theme flagellin 1043:1051 arg1 levels 1010:1015 elevated levels 1001:1015 elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin 1001:1051 Enhanced tumor development was associated with an altered microbiota metagenome characterized by elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin. 27821485 7 2 theme host-microbiota 1325:1339 arg1 interactions 1341:1352 host-microbiota interactions 1325:1352 host-microbiota interactions that cause low-grade gut inflammation 1325:1390 Overall, our findings support the concept that perturbations in host-microbiota interactions that cause low-grade gut inflammation can promote colon carcinogenesis. 27821485 6 3 theme tumor 1242:1246 arg1 development 1248:1258 tumor development 1242:1258 tumor development 1242:1258 We found that emulsifier-induced alterations in the microbiome were necessary and sufficient to drive alterations in major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development. 27821485 6 4 from alterations 1156:1166 arg1 pathways 1215:1222 major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways 1171:1222 major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development 1171:1258 We found that emulsifier-induced alterations in the microbiome were necessary and sufficient to drive alterations in major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development. 27821485 1 5 theme colorectal 169:178 arg1 cancer 180:185 colorectal cancer 169:185 colorectal cancer 169:185 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 6 6 theme emulsifier-induced 1068:1085 arg1 alterations 1087:1097 emulsifier-induced alterations 1068:1097 emulsifier-induced alterations in the microbiome 1068:1115 We found that emulsifier-induced alterations in the microbiome were necessary and sufficient to drive alterations in major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development. 27821485 8 7 dep Res 1433:1435 arg1 Cancer 1426:1431 Cancer 1426:1431 Cancer 1426:1431 Cancer Res; 77(1); 27-40. 27821485 8 7 dep Res 1433:1435 arg1 27-40 1445:1449 27-40 1445:1449 27-40 1445:1449 Cancer Res; 77(1); 27-40. 27821485 4 8 theme colitis-induced 748:762 arg1 cancer 775:780 colitis-induced colorectal cancer 748:780 colitis-induced colorectal cancer 748:780 Here, we demonstrate in a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer that regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, exacerbated tumor development. 27821485 4 9 theme cancer 775:780 arg1 model 739:743 a preclinical model 725:743 a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer 725:780 Here, we demonstrate in a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer that regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, exacerbated tumor development. 27821485 3 10 from inflammation 530:541 arg1 intestine 550:558 the intestine 546:558 the intestine 546:558 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 1 11 theme increased 85:93 arg1 risks 95:99 The increased risks 81:99 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer 81:185 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 3 12 theme dietary 590:596 arg1 emulsifiers 598:608 dietary emulsifiers 590:608 dietary emulsifiers 590:608 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 3 12 theme dietary 590:596 arg1 component 624:632 a ubiquitous component 611:632 a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota 611:698 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 2 13 from cases 463:467 arg1 present 447:453 present 447:453 present 447:453 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 4 14 theme tumor 885:889 arg1 development 891:901 tumor development 885:901 tumor development 885:901 Here, we demonstrate in a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer that regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, exacerbated tumor development. 27821485 6 15 theme major 1171:1175 arg1 pathways 1215:1222 major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways 1171:1222 major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development 1171:1258 We found that emulsifier-induced alterations in the microbiome were necessary and sufficient to drive alterations in major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development. 27821485 1 16 theme cancer 180:185 arg1 development 154:164 the development 150:164 the development of colorectal cancer 150:185 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 5 17 theme altered 954:960 arg1 metagenome 973:982 an altered microbiota metagenome 951:982 an altered microbiota metagenome characterized by elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin 951:1051 Enhanced tumor development was associated with an altered microbiota metagenome characterized by elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin. 27821485 2 18 theme cancer 483:488 arg1 cases 463:467 many cases 458:467 many cases of colorectal cancer 458:488 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 4 19 theme regular 787:793 arg1 consumption 795:805 regular consumption 787:805 regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, 787:871 Here, we demonstrate in a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer that regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, exacerbated tumor development. 27821485 6 20 theme proliferation 1177:1189 arg1 pathways 1215:1222 major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways 1171:1222 major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development 1171:1258 We found that emulsifier-induced alterations in the microbiome were necessary and sufficient to drive alterations in major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development. 27821485 2 21 theme microbiota 395:404 arg1 both 442:445 both 442:445 both 442:445 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 21 theme microbiota 395:404 arg1 composition 406:416 altered gut microbiota composition 383:416 altered gut microbiota composition 383:416 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 22 theme many 458:461 arg1 cases 463:467 many cases 458:467 many cases of colorectal cancer 458:488 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 6 23 from alterations 1087:1097 arg1 microbiome 1106:1115 the microbiome 1102:1115 the microbiome 1102:1115 We found that emulsifier-induced alterations in the microbiome were necessary and sufficient to drive alterations in major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development. 27821485 5 24 theme elevated 1001:1008 arg1 levels 1010:1015 elevated levels 1001:1015 elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin 1001:1051 Enhanced tumor development was associated with an altered microbiota metagenome characterized by elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin. 27821485 2 25 theme gut 391:393 arg1 both 442:445 both 442:445 both 442:445 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 25 theme gut 391:393 arg1 composition 406:416 altered gut microbiota composition 383:416 altered gut microbiota composition 383:416 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 0 26 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 Inflammation 37:48 Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation 0:48 Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation 0:48 Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation Promotes Colon Carcinogenesis. 27821485 1 27 theme colon 280:284 arg1 tumorigenesis 286:298 colon tumorigenesis 280:298 colon tumorigenesis 280:298 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 5 28 theme Enhanced 904:911 arg1 development 919:929 Enhanced tumor development 904:929 Enhanced tumor development 904:929 Enhanced tumor development was associated with an altered microbiota metagenome characterized by elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin. 27821485 2 29 theme common 318:323 arg1 inflammation 347:358 low-grade inflammation 337:358 low-grade inflammation 337:358 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 29 theme common 318:323 arg1 condition 303:311 A condition 301:311 A condition more common than IBD 301:332 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 30 theme altered 383:389 arg1 both 442:445 both 442:445 both 442:445 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 30 theme altered 383:389 arg1 composition 406:416 altered gut microbiota composition 383:416 altered gut microbiota composition 383:416 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 31 attach present 447:453 arg2 both 442:445 both 442:445 both 442:445 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 31 attach present 447:453 arg2 composition 406:416 altered gut microbiota composition 383:416 altered gut microbiota composition 383:416 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 31 attach present 447:453 arg1 cases 463:467 many cases 458:467 many cases of colorectal cancer 458:488 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 1 32 theme bowel 127:131 arg1 IBD 142:144 IBD 142:144 IBD 142:144 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 1 32 theme bowel 127:131 arg1 disease 133:139 inflammatory bowel disease 114:139 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 114:145 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 1 33 theme inflammatory 114:125 arg1 IBD 142:144 IBD 142:144 IBD 142:144 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 1 33 theme inflammatory 114:125 arg1 disease 133:139 inflammatory bowel disease 114:139 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 114:145 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 3 34 theme low-grade 520:528 arg1 inflammation 530:541 low-grade inflammation 520:541 low-grade inflammation in the intestine 520:558 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 1 35 theme term 204:207 arg1 " 235:235 the term "colitis-associated cancer" 200:235 the term "colitis-associated cancer" 200:235 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 0 36 theme Colon 59:63 arg1 Carcinogenesis 65:78 Colon Carcinogenesis 59:78 Colon Carcinogenesis 59:78 Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation Promotes Colon Carcinogenesis. 27821485 9 37 theme ©2016 1452:1456 arg1 AACR 1458:1461 ©2016 AACR 1452:1461 ©2016 AACR. 1452:1462 ©2016 AACR. 27821485 7 38 theme gut 1375:1377 arg1 inflammation 1379:1390 low-grade gut inflammation 1365:1390 low-grade gut inflammation 1365:1390 Overall, our findings support the concept that perturbations in host-microbiota interactions that cause low-grade gut inflammation can promote colon carcinogenesis. 27821485 2 39 theme metabolic 422:430 arg1 syndrome 432:439 metabolic syndrome 422:439 metabolic syndrome 422:439 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 40 theme colorectal 472:481 arg1 cancer 483:488 colorectal cancer 472:488 colorectal cancer 472:488 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 3 41 theme ubiquitous 613:622 arg1 emulsifiers 598:608 dietary emulsifiers 590:608 dietary emulsifiers 590:608 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 3 41 theme ubiquitous 613:622 arg1 component 624:632 a ubiquitous component 611:632 a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota 611:698 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 1 42 theme colitis-associated 210:227 arg1 " 235:235 the term "colitis-associated cancer" 200:235 the term "colitis-associated cancer" 200:235 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 7 43 from perturbations 1308:1320 arg1 interactions 1341:1352 host-microbiota interactions 1325:1352 host-microbiota interactions that cause low-grade gut inflammation 1325:1390 Overall, our findings support the concept that perturbations in host-microbiota interactions that cause low-grade gut inflammation can promote colon carcinogenesis. 27821485 3 44 theme emulsifiers 598:608 arg1 consumption 575:585 consumption 575:585 consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota 575:698 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 6 45 theme signaling 1205:1213 arg1 pathways 1215:1222 major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways 1171:1222 major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development 1171:1258 We found that emulsifier-induced alterations in the microbiome were necessary and sufficient to drive alterations in major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development. 27821485 5 46 theme microbiota 962:971 arg1 metagenome 973:982 an altered microbiota metagenome 951:982 an altered microbiota metagenome characterized by elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin 951:1051 Enhanced tumor development was associated with an altered microbiota metagenome characterized by elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin. 27821485 3 47 theme gut 685:687 arg1 microbiota 689:698 gut microbiota 685:698 gut microbiota 685:698 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 7 48 theme colon 1404:1408 arg1 carcinogenesis 1410:1423 colon carcinogenesis 1404:1423 colon carcinogenesis 1404:1423 Overall, our findings support the concept that perturbations in host-microbiota interactions that cause low-grade gut inflammation can promote colon carcinogenesis. 27821485 2 49 theme low-grade 337:345 arg1 inflammation 347:358 low-grade inflammation 337:358 low-grade inflammation 337:358 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 2 49 theme low-grade 337:345 arg1 condition 303:311 A condition 301:311 A condition more common than IBD 301:332 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 4 50 theme emulsifiers 818:828 arg1 consumption 795:805 regular consumption 787:805 regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, 787:871 Here, we demonstrate in a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer that regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, exacerbated tumor development. 27821485 3 51 theme microbiota 689:698 arg1 composition 670:680 the composition 666:680 the composition of gut microbiota 666:698 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 3 52 theme processed 637:645 arg1 foods 647:651 processed foods 637:651 processed foods 637:651 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 4 53 theme preclinical 727:737 arg1 model 739:743 a preclinical model 725:743 a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer 725:780 Here, we demonstrate in a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer that regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, exacerbated tumor development. 27821485 4 54 theme colorectal 764:773 arg1 cancer 775:780 colitis-induced colorectal cancer 748:780 colitis-induced colorectal cancer 748:780 Here, we demonstrate in a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer that regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, exacerbated tumor development. 27821485 1 55 theme cancer 229:234 arg1 " 235:235 the term "colitis-associated cancer" 200:235 the term "colitis-associated cancer" 200:235 The increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term "colitis-associated cancer" and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. 27821485 3 56 theme foods 647:651 arg1 emulsifiers 598:608 dietary emulsifiers 590:608 dietary emulsifiers 590:608 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 3 56 theme foods 647:651 arg1 component 624:632 a ubiquitous component 611:632 a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota 611:698 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 3 57 theme Recent 491:496 arg1 findings 498:505 Recent findings 491:505 Recent findings 491:505 Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation in the intestine is promoted by consumption of dietary emulsifiers, a ubiquitous component of processed foods, which alter the composition of gut microbiota. 27821485 4 58 theme dietary 810:816 arg1 emulsifiers 818:828 dietary emulsifiers 810:828 dietary emulsifiers 810:828 Here, we demonstrate in a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer that regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, exacerbated tumor development. 27821485 4 58 theme dietary 810:816 arg1 polysorbate-80 857:870 polysorbate-80 857:870 polysorbate-80 857:870 Here, we demonstrate in a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer that regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, exacerbated tumor development. 27821485 4 58 theme dietary 810:816 arg1 carboxymethylcellulose 831:852 carboxymethylcellulose 831:852 carboxymethylcellulose 831:852 Here, we demonstrate in a preclinical model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer that regular consumption of dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80, exacerbated tumor development. 27821485 6 59 theme apoptosis 1195:1203 arg1 pathways 1215:1222 major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways 1171:1222 major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development 1171:1258 We found that emulsifier-induced alterations in the microbiome were necessary and sufficient to drive alterations in major proliferation and apoptosis signaling pathways thought to govern tumor development. 27821485 5 60 theme lipopolysaccharide 1020:1037 arg1 levels 1010:1015 elevated levels 1001:1015 elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin 1001:1051 Enhanced tumor development was associated with an altered microbiota metagenome characterized by elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin. 27821485 5 61 theme tumor 913:917 arg1 development 919:929 Enhanced tumor development 904:929 Enhanced tumor development 904:929 Enhanced tumor development was associated with an altered microbiota metagenome characterized by elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and flagellin. 27821485 2 62 from present 447:453 arg1 cases 463:467 many cases 458:467 many cases of colorectal cancer 458:488 A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer. 27821485 0 63 theme Low-Grade 27:35 arg1 Inflammation 37:48 Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation 0:48 Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation 0:48 Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation Promotes Colon Carcinogenesis. 27821485 0 64 theme Emulsifier-Induced 8:25 arg1 Inflammation 37:48 Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation 0:48 Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation 0:48 Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation Promotes Colon Carcinogenesis. 24687141 1 0 with injection 200:208 arg1 hydrogel 280:287 a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel 215:287 a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury 215:332 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 10 1 theme collagen 1390:1397 arg1 I 1404:1404 Significantly more collagen type I 1371:1404 Significantly more collagen type I 1371:1404 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 1 2 theme microstructured 232:246 arg1 hydrogel 280:287 a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel 215:287 a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury 215:332 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 10 3 from groups 1444:1449 arg1 Day 1492:1494 Day 28 1492:1497 Day 28 1492:1497 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 10 3 from groups 1444:1449 arg1 p 1477:1477 p 1477:1477 p < .05 1477:1486 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 10 3 from groups 1444:1449 arg1 group 1470:1474 the saline group 1459:1474 the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28 1459:1497 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 3 4 theme HA-Ge 493:497 arg1 hydrogel 499:506 HA-Ge hydrogel 493:506 HA-Ge hydrogel 493:506 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 1 5 theme acid-gelatin 259:270 arg1 hydrogel 280:287 a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel 215:287 a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury 215:332 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 4 6 theme collagen 767:774 arg1 type 776:779 collagen type I 767:781 collagen type I 767:781 The vocal folds were harvested at 3, 14, and 28 days after injection and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining for macrophages, myofibroblasts, elastin, collagen type I, and collagen type III. 24687141 9 7 from Day 1363:1365 arg1 group 1354:1358 the uninjured group 1340:1358 the uninjured group at Day 28 1340:1368 Significantly more elastin was observed in the HA-bulk group than in the uninjured group at Day 28. 24687141 9 8 theme HA-bulk 1318:1324 arg1 group 1326:1330 the HA-bulk group 1314:1330 the HA-bulk group 1314:1330 Significantly more elastin was observed in the HA-bulk group than in the uninjured group at Day 28. 24687141 6 9 theme or 1013:1014 arg1 response 1026:1033 inflammatory or rejection response 1000:1033 inflammatory or rejection response 1000:1033 Results suggested that the HA-Ge injection did not induce inflammatory or rejection response. 24687141 8 10 theme elastin 1156:1162 arg1 deposition 1164:1173 Increased elastin deposition 1146:1173 Increased elastin deposition 1146:1173 Increased elastin deposition was qualitatively observed in both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group. 24687141 10 11 located observed 1410:1417 arg1 groups 1444:1449 the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups 1422:1449 the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28 1422:1497 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 10 11 located observed 1410:1417 arg2 I 1404:1404 Significantly more collagen type I 1371:1404 Significantly more collagen type I 1371:1404 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 10 12 theme saline 1463:1468 arg1 p 1477:1477 p 1477:1477 p < .05 1477:1486 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 10 12 theme saline 1463:1468 arg1 group 1470:1474 the saline group 1459:1474 the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28 1459:1497 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 11 13 theme uninjured 1607:1615 arg1 controls 1617:1624 the uninjured controls 1603:1624 the uninjured controls at Day 28 1603:1634 The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups was found to be comparable to that in the uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 0 14 theme injured 114:120 arg1 vocal 126:130 surgically injured rat vocal 103:130 surgically injured rat vocal 103:130 An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal folds. 24687141 12 15 theme uninjured 1723:1731 arg1 controls 1733:1740 uninjured controls 1723:1740 uninjured controls at Day 28 1723:1750 The concentration of collagen type III in all treatment groups was similar to that in uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 0 16 theme vocal 126:130 arg1 reconstruction 85:98 the reconstruction 81:98 the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal 81:130 An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal folds. 24687141 3 17 theme lamina 530:535 arg1 propria 537:543 the lamina propria 526:543 the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery 526:569 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 3 17 theme lamina 530:535 arg1 LP 546:547 LP 546:547 LP 546:547 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 9 18 theme more 1285:1288 arg1 elastin 1290:1296 Significantly more elastin 1271:1296 Significantly more elastin 1271:1296 Significantly more elastin was observed in the HA-bulk group than in the uninjured group at Day 28. 24687141 1 19 theme acute 310:314 arg1 injury 327:332 acute vocal fold injury 310:332 acute vocal fold injury 310:332 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 11 20 from concentration 1520:1532 arg1 groups 1558:1563 the HA-Ge and saline groups 1537:1563 the HA-Ge and saline groups 1537:1563 The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups was found to be comparable to that in the uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 7 21 theme treatment 1109:1117 arg1 groups 1119:1124 treatment groups 1109:1124 treatment groups 1109:1124 Myofibroblast counts and elastin were statistically insignificant across treatment groups at all time points. 24687141 1 22 theme fold 322:325 arg1 injury 327:332 acute vocal fold injury 310:332 acute vocal fold injury 310:332 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 12 23 theme treatment 1683:1691 arg1 groups 1693:1698 all treatment groups 1679:1698 all treatment groups 1679:1698 The concentration of collagen type III in all treatment groups was similar to that in uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 4 24 theme hematoxylin 660:670 arg1 staining 682:689 hematoxylin and eosin staining 660:689 staining 682:689 The vocal folds were harvested at 3, 14, and 28 days after injection and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining for macrophages, myofibroblasts, elastin, collagen type I, and collagen type III. 24687141 5 25 dep RESULTS 807:813 arg1 lower 868:872 lower 868:872 lower 868:872 RESULTS The macrophage count was statistically significantly lower in the HA-Ge group than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 5 25 dep RESULTS 807:813 arg1 count 830:834 The macrophage count 815:834 The macrophage count 815:834 RESULTS The macrophage count was statistically significantly lower in the HA-Ge group than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 2 26 theme fold 366:369 arg1 stripping 371:379 METHOD Vocal fold stripping 353:379 METHOD Vocal fold stripping 353:379 METHOD Vocal fold stripping was performed unilaterally in 108 Sprague-Dawley rats. 24687141 1 27 theme rat 342:344 arg1 model 346:350 a rat model 340:350 a rat model 340:350 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 12 28 theme type 1667:1670 arg1 concentration 1641:1653 The concentration 1637:1653 The concentration of collagen type III in all treatment groups 1637:1698 The concentration of collagen type III in all treatment groups was similar to that in uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 12 28 theme type 1667:1670 arg1 similar 1704:1710 similar 1704:1710 similar 1704:1710 The concentration of collagen type III in all treatment groups was similar to that in uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 8 29 from Day 1225:1227 arg1 groups 1213:1218 both HA groups 1205:1218 both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group 1205:1268 Increased elastin deposition was qualitatively observed in both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group. 24687141 11 30 from Day 1629:1631 arg1 controls 1617:1624 the uninjured controls 1603:1624 the uninjured controls at Day 28 1603:1634 The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups was found to be comparable to that in the uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 2 31 theme METHOD 353:358 arg1 stripping 371:379 METHOD Vocal fold stripping 353:379 METHOD Vocal fold stripping 353:379 METHOD Vocal fold stripping was performed unilaterally in 108 Sprague-Dawley rats. 24687141 8 32 from groups 1213:1218 arg1 group 1264:1268 the saline group 1253:1268 the saline group 1253:1268 Increased elastin deposition was qualitatively observed in both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group. 24687141 7 33 theme Myofibroblast 1036:1048 arg1 counts 1050:1055 Myofibroblast counts 1036:1055 Myofibroblast counts 1036:1055 Myofibroblast counts and elastin were statistically insignificant across treatment groups at all time points. 24687141 8 34 located observed 1193:1200 arg1 groups 1213:1218 both HA groups 1205:1218 both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group 1205:1268 Increased elastin deposition was qualitatively observed in both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group. 24687141 8 34 located observed 1193:1200 arg2 deposition 1164:1173 Increased elastin deposition 1146:1173 Increased elastin deposition 1146:1173 Increased elastin deposition was qualitatively observed in both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group. 24687141 11 35 theme collagen 1504:1511 arg1 type 1513:1516 collagen type I 1504:1518 The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups 1500:1563 The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups was found to be comparable to that in the uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 8 36 theme saline 1257:1262 arg1 group 1264:1268 the saline group 1253:1268 the saline group 1253:1268 Increased elastin deposition was qualitatively observed in both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group. 24687141 10 37 theme more 1385:1388 arg1 I 1404:1404 Significantly more collagen type I 1371:1404 Significantly more collagen type I 1371:1404 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 13 38 theme HA-bulk 1780:1786 arg1 injections 1788:1797 CONCLUSION Local HA-Ge and HA-bulk injections 1753:1797 injections 1788:1797 CONCLUSION Local HA-Ge and HA-bulk injections for acute injured vocal folds were biocompatible and did not induce adverse response. 24687141 3 39 theme saline 454:459 arg1 volume 438:443 A volume 436:443 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel 436:506 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 0 40 theme microgels 30:38 arg1 study 11:15 An in vivo study 0:15 An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal 0:130 An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal folds. 24687141 13 41 theme adverse 1867:1873 arg1 response 1875:1882 adverse response 1867:1882 adverse response 1867:1882 CONCLUSION Local HA-Ge and HA-bulk injections for acute injured vocal folds were biocompatible and did not induce adverse response. 24687141 3 42 theme 25 448:449 arg1 μl 451:452 μl 451:452 μl 451:452 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 1 43 theme local 194:198 arg1 injection 200:208 local injection 194:208 local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury 194:332 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 5 44 dep lower 868:872 arg1 < 921:923 p < .05 919:928 p < .05 919:928 RESULTS The macrophage count was statistically significantly lower in the HA-Ge group than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 13 45 theme CONCLUSION 1753:1762 arg1 HA-Ge 1770:1774 CONCLUSION Local HA-Ge and HA-bulk injections 1753:1797 HA-Ge 1770:1774 CONCLUSION Local HA-Ge and HA-bulk injections for acute injured vocal folds were biocompatible and did not induce adverse response. 24687141 5 46 theme saline 905:910 arg1 group 912:916 the saline group 901:916 the saline group 901:916 RESULTS The macrophage count was statistically significantly lower in the HA-Ge group than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 10 47 from Day 1492:1494 arg1 groups 1444:1449 the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups 1422:1449 the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28 1422:1497 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 10 47 from Day 1492:1494 arg1 p 1477:1477 p 1477:1477 p < .05 1477:1486 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 10 47 from Day 1492:1494 arg1 group 1470:1474 the saline group 1459:1474 the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28 1459:1497 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 10 48 theme type 1399:1402 arg1 I 1404:1404 Significantly more collagen type I 1371:1404 Significantly more collagen type I 1371:1404 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 3 49 theme placebo 462:468 arg1 saline 454:459 25 μl saline 448:459 25 μl saline (placebo controls) 448:478 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 3 49 theme placebo 462:468 arg1 controls 470:477 placebo controls 462:477 placebo controls 462:477 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 9 50 located observed 1302:1309 arg2 elastin 1290:1296 Significantly more elastin 1271:1296 Significantly more elastin 1271:1296 Significantly more elastin was observed in the HA-bulk group than in the uninjured group at Day 28. 24687141 9 50 located observed 1302:1309 arg1 group 1354:1358 the uninjured group 1340:1358 the uninjured group at Day 28 1340:1368 Significantly more elastin was observed in the HA-bulk group than in the uninjured group at Day 28. 24687141 9 50 located observed 1302:1309 arg1 group 1326:1330 the HA-bulk group 1314:1330 the HA-bulk group 1314:1330 Significantly more elastin was observed in the HA-bulk group than in the uninjured group at Day 28. 24687141 7 51 theme time 1133:1136 arg1 points 1138:1143 all time points 1129:1143 all time points 1129:1143 Myofibroblast counts and elastin were statistically insignificant across treatment groups at all time points. 24687141 10 52 theme HA-bulk 1426:1432 arg1 groups 1444:1449 the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups 1422:1449 the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28 1422:1497 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 1 53 theme hyaluronic 248:257 arg1 HA-Ge 273:277 HA-Ge 273:277 HA-Ge 273:277 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 1 53 theme hyaluronic 248:257 arg1 acid-gelatin 259:270 hyaluronic acid-gelatin 248:270 a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury 215:332 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 7 54 from points 1138:1143 arg1 insignificant 1088:1100 insignificant 1088:1100 insignificant 1088:1100 Myofibroblast counts and elastin were statistically insignificant across treatment groups at all time points. 24687141 3 55 theme HA-bulk 481:487 arg1 volume 438:443 A volume 436:443 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel 436:506 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 6 56 theme rejection 1016:1024 arg1 response 1026:1033 inflammatory or rejection response 1000:1033 inflammatory or rejection response 1000:1033 Results suggested that the HA-Ge injection did not induce inflammatory or rejection response. 24687141 10 57 theme HA-Ge 1438:1442 arg1 groups 1444:1449 the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups 1422:1449 the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28 1422:1497 Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 3 58 theme hydrogel 499:506 arg1 volume 438:443 A volume 436:443 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel 436:506 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 1 59 theme study 169:173 arg1 objective 151:159 The objective 147:159 The objective of this study 147:173 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 12 60 from concentration 1641:1653 arg1 groups 1693:1698 all treatment groups 1679:1698 all treatment groups 1679:1698 The concentration of collagen type III in all treatment groups was similar to that in uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 6 61 theme inflammatory 1000:1011 arg1 response 1026:1033 inflammatory or rejection response 1000:1033 inflammatory or rejection response 1000:1033 Results suggested that the HA-Ge injection did not induce inflammatory or rejection response. 24687141 8 62 theme Increased 1146:1154 arg1 deposition 1164:1173 Increased elastin deposition 1146:1173 Increased elastin deposition 1146:1173 Increased elastin deposition was qualitatively observed in both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group. 24687141 0 63 theme rat 122:124 arg1 vocal 126:130 surgically injured rat vocal 103:130 surgically injured rat vocal 103:130 An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal folds. 24687141 3 64 theme propria 537:543 arg1 days 552:555 the lamina propria (LP) 5 days 526:555 the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery 526:569 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 9 65 theme uninjured 1344:1352 arg1 group 1354:1358 the uninjured group 1340:1358 the uninjured group at Day 28 1340:1368 Significantly more elastin was observed in the HA-bulk group than in the uninjured group at Day 28. 24687141 4 66 theme collagen 788:795 arg1 type 797:800 collagen type III 788:804 collagen type III 788:804 The vocal folds were harvested at 3, 14, and 28 days after injection and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining for macrophages, myofibroblasts, elastin, collagen type I, and collagen type III. 24687141 5 67 theme macrophage 819:828 arg1 lower 868:872 lower 868:872 lower 868:872 RESULTS The macrophage count was statistically significantly lower in the HA-Ge group than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 5 67 theme macrophage 819:828 arg1 count 830:834 The macrophage count 815:834 The macrophage count 815:834 RESULTS The macrophage count was statistically significantly lower in the HA-Ge group than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 11 68 theme saline 1551:1556 arg1 groups 1558:1563 the HA-Ge and saline groups 1537:1563 the HA-Ge and saline groups 1537:1563 The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups was found to be comparable to that in the uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 0 69 theme hyaluronic 49:58 arg1 acid 60:63 hyaluronic acid 49:63 hyaluronic acid 49:63 An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal folds. 24687141 8 70 theme HA 1210:1211 arg1 groups 1213:1218 both HA groups 1205:1218 both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group 1205:1268 Increased elastin deposition was qualitatively observed in both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group. 24687141 11 71 theme HA-Ge 1541:1545 arg1 groups 1558:1563 the HA-Ge and saline groups 1537:1563 the HA-Ge and saline groups 1537:1563 The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups was found to be comparable to that in the uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 1 72 theme vocal 316:320 arg1 injury 327:332 acute vocal fold injury 310:332 acute vocal fold injury 310:332 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 1 73 theme injury 327:332 arg1 treatment 297:305 the treatment 293:305 the treatment of acute vocal fold injury 293:332 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 5 74 theme HA-Ge 881:885 arg1 group 887:891 the HA-Ge group 877:891 the HA-Ge group 877:891 RESULTS The macrophage count was statistically significantly lower in the HA-Ge group than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 2 75 theme Vocal 360:364 arg1 stripping 371:379 METHOD Vocal fold stripping 353:379 METHOD Vocal fold stripping 353:379 METHOD Vocal fold stripping was performed unilaterally in 108 Sprague-Dawley rats. 24687141 0 76 theme in 3:4 arg1 study 11:15 An in vivo study 0:15 An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal 0:130 An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal folds. 24687141 2 77 theme Sprague-Dawley 415:428 arg1 rats 430:433 108 Sprague-Dawley rats 411:433 108 Sprague-Dawley rats 411:433 METHOD Vocal fold stripping was performed unilaterally in 108 Sprague-Dawley rats. 24687141 1 78 dep PURPOSE 139:145 arg1 was 175:177 was 175:177 was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model 175:350 PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. 24687141 4 79 theme eosin 676:680 arg1 staining 682:689 hematoxylin and eosin staining 660:689 staining 682:689 The vocal folds were harvested at 3, 14, and 28 days after injection and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining for macrophages, myofibroblasts, elastin, collagen type I, and collagen type III. 24687141 0 80 theme composite 20:28 arg1 microgels 30:38 composite microgels 20:38 composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin 20:75 An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal folds. 24687141 12 81 theme collagen 1658:1665 arg1 type 1667:1670 collagen type III 1658:1674 collagen type III 1658:1674 The concentration of collagen type III in all treatment groups was similar to that in uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 12 82 from Day 1745:1747 arg1 controls 1733:1740 uninjured controls 1723:1740 uninjured controls at Day 28 1723:1750 The concentration of collagen type III in all treatment groups was similar to that in uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 13 83 dep vocal 1817:1821 arg1 folds 1823:1827 folds 1823:1827 folds 1823:1827 CONCLUSION Local HA-Ge and HA-bulk injections for acute injured vocal folds were biocompatible and did not induce adverse response. 24687141 5 84 theme p 919:919 arg1 < 921:923 p < .05 919:928 p < .05 919:928 RESULTS The macrophage count was statistically significantly lower in the HA-Ge group than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. 24687141 4 85 dep vocal 576:580 arg1 folds 582:586 folds 582:586 folds 582:586 The vocal folds were harvested at 3, 14, and 28 days after injection and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining for macrophages, myofibroblasts, elastin, collagen type I, and collagen type III. 24687141 11 86 theme type 1513:1516 arg1 concentration 1520:1532 The collagen type I concentration 1500:1532 The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups 1500:1563 The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups was found to be comparable to that in the uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 11 86 theme type 1513:1516 arg1 comparable 1581:1590 comparable 1581:1590 comparable 1581:1590 The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups was found to be comparable to that in the uninjured controls at Day 28. 24687141 3 87 theme μl 451:452 arg1 saline 454:459 25 μl saline 448:459 25 μl saline (placebo controls) 448:478 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 3 87 theme μl 451:452 arg1 controls 470:477 placebo controls 462:477 placebo controls 462:477 A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. 24687141 0 88 dep in 3:4 arg1 vivo 6:9 vivo 6:9 vivo 6:9 An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal folds. 24687141 6 89 theme HA-Ge 969:973 arg1 injection 975:983 the HA-Ge injection 965:983 the HA-Ge injection 965:983 Results suggested that the HA-Ge injection did not induce inflammatory or rejection response. 24687141 4 90 theme immunohistochemistry 695:714 arg1 staining 716:723 immunohistochemistry staining 695:723 immunohistochemistry staining 695:723 The vocal folds were harvested at 3, 14, and 28 days after injection and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining for macrophages, myofibroblasts, elastin, collagen type I, and collagen type III. 24687141 13 91 theme Local 1764:1768 arg1 HA-Ge 1770:1774 CONCLUSION Local HA-Ge and HA-bulk injections 1753:1797 HA-Ge 1770:1774 CONCLUSION Local HA-Ge and HA-bulk injections for acute injured vocal folds were biocompatible and did not induce adverse response. 27667642 13 0 theme type 1620:1623 arg1 JC303T 1635:1640 JC303T 1635:1640 JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T) 1635:1666 The type strain is JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T). 27667642 13 0 theme type 1620:1623 arg1 strain 1625:1630 The type strain 1616:1630 The type strain 1616:1630 The type strain is JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T). 27667642 11 1 theme chemotaxonomic 1432:1445 arg1 analyses 1447:1454 morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1374:1454 morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1374:1454 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 4 2 dep related 388:394 arg1 % 707:707 94.9 % 702:707 94.9 % 702:707 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 5 3 theme related 816:822 arg1 species 824:830 the closest related species 804:830 the closest related species 804:830 Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. 27667642 15 4 with nov. 1859:1862 arg1 13528T 1911:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 15 4 with nov. 1859:1862 arg1 081008T 1885:1891 type strain JSM 081008T 1869:1891 type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T) 1869:1917 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 15 5 theme 22174T=KCTC 1899:1909 arg1 13528T 1911:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 15 5 theme 22174T=KCTC 1899:1909 arg1 081008T 1885:1891 type strain JSM 081008T 1869:1891 type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T) 1869:1917 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 3 6 theme Gram-stain-positive 187:205 arg1 bacterium 231:239 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 185:239 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan 185:280 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 3 6 theme Gram-stain-positive 187:205 arg1 JC303T 249:254 strain JC303T 242:254 strain JC303T 242:254 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 9 7 theme amount 1303:1308 arg1 presence 1277:1284 the presence 1273:1284 the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8 1273:1322 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 8 8 theme amino 1119:1123 arg1 acids 1125:1129 Cell-wall amino acids 1109:1129 Cell-wall amino acids 1109:1129 Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27667642 14 9 theme illegitimate 1735:1746 arg1 soli 1706:1709 soli 1706:1709 soli 1706:1709 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 14 9 theme illegitimate 1735:1746 arg1 homonym 1748:1754 an illegitimate homonym 1732:1754 an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli 1732:1806 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 15 10 theme JSM 1881:1883 arg1 13528T 1911:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 15 10 theme JSM 1881:1883 arg1 081008T 1885:1891 type strain JSM 081008T 1869:1891 type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T) 1869:1917 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 1 11 theme terrae 108:113 arg1 sp 115:116 Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp 91:116 Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp 91:116 nov., isolated from a solar salt pan, and Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 14 12 dep soli 1706:1709 arg1 Chen 1712:1715 Chen 1712:1715 Chen 1712:1715 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 14 12 dep soli 1706:1709 arg1 2010 1725:1728 2010 1725:1728 2010 1725:1728 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 15 13 theme type 1869:1872 arg1 13528T 1911:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 15 13 theme type 1869:1872 arg1 081008T 1885:1891 type strain JSM 081008T 1869:1891 type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T) 1869:1917 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 11 14 dep analyses 1447:1454 arg1 the 1361:1363 the 1361:1363 the 1361:1363 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 11 14 dep analyses 1447:1454 arg1 basis 1365:1369 basis 1365:1369 basis 1365:1369 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 14 15 dep Chen 1712:1715 arg1 al. 1720:1722 Chen et al. 1712:1722 Chen et al. 1712:1722 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 9 16 theme MK-8 1319:1322 arg1 amount 1303:1308 a significant amount 1289:1308 a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8 1289:1322 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 9 16 theme MK-8 1319:1322 arg1 % 1313:1313 4 % 1311:1313 4 % 1311:1313 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 9 16 theme MK-8 1319:1322 arg1 MK-8 1319:1322 MK-8 1319:1322 MK-8 1319:1322 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 5 17 theme closest 808:814 arg1 species 824:830 the closest related species 804:830 the closest related species 804:830 Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. 27667642 6 18 theme unidentified 905:916 arg1 aminophospholipids 882:899 three aminophospholipids 876:899 three aminophospholipids 876:899 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 18 theme unidentified 905:916 arg1 phospholipids 952:964 two unidentified phospholipids 935:964 two unidentified phospholipids 935:964 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 18 theme unidentified 905:916 arg1 lipids 1007:1012 the polar lipids 997:1012 the polar lipids of strain JC303T 997:1029 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 18 theme unidentified 905:916 arg1 aminoglycolipid 918:932 an unidentified aminoglycolipid 902:932 an unidentified aminoglycolipid 902:932 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 18 theme unidentified 905:916 arg1 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 18 theme unidentified 905:916 arg1 lipid 986:990 an unidentified lipid 970:990 an unidentified lipid 970:990 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 8 19 theme diagnostic 1176:1185 arg1 peptidoglycan 1141:1153 peptidoglycan 1141:1153 peptidoglycan 1141:1153 Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27667642 8 19 theme diagnostic 1176:1185 arg1 acid 1195:1198 the diagnostic diamino acid 1172:1198 the diagnostic diamino acid 1172:1198 Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27667642 0 20 theme Jeotgalibacillus 15:30 arg1 sp 45:46 Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp 15:46 Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp 15:46 Description of Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 5 21 theme type 788:791 arg1 strains 793:799 the type strains 784:799 the type strains of the closest related species 784:830 Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. 27667642 2 22 theme Jeotgalibacillus 144:159 arg1 2010 179:182 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010 143:182 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010 143:182 nov., a name to replace 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010. 27667642 4 23 theme 99.1  446:450 arg1 similarity 453:462 99.1 % similarity 446:462 99.1 % similarity 446:462 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 4 23 theme 99.1  446:450 arg1 ASL-1T 438:443 Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T 412:443 Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity) 412:463 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 11 24 theme name 1559:1562 arg1 sp 1594:1595 the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp 1555:1595 the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp 1555:1595 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 14 25 theme Jeotgalibacillus 1831:1846 arg1 sp 1855:1856 Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp 1831:1856 Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp 1831:1856 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 3 26 theme Jeotgalibacillus 363:378 arg1 analysis 329:336 rRNA gene sequence analysis 310:336 rRNA gene sequence analysis 310:336 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 3 26 theme Jeotgalibacillus 363:378 arg1 member 343:348 a member 341:348 a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus 341:378 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 1 27 theme solar 71:75 arg1 pan 82:84 a solar salt pan 69:84 a solar salt pan 69:84 nov., isolated from a solar salt pan, and Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 6 28 theme unidentified 973:984 arg1 aminophospholipids 882:899 three aminophospholipids 876:899 three aminophospholipids 876:899 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 28 theme unidentified 973:984 arg1 phospholipids 952:964 two unidentified phospholipids 935:964 two unidentified phospholipids 935:964 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 28 theme unidentified 973:984 arg1 lipids 1007:1012 the polar lipids 997:1012 the polar lipids of strain JC303T 997:1029 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 28 theme unidentified 973:984 arg1 aminoglycolipid 918:932 an unidentified aminoglycolipid 902:932 an unidentified aminoglycolipid 902:932 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 28 theme unidentified 973:984 arg1 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 28 theme unidentified 973:984 arg1 lipid 986:990 an unidentified lipid 970:990 an unidentified lipid 970:990 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 3 29 theme sequence 320:327 arg1 analysis 329:336 rRNA gene sequence analysis 310:336 rRNA gene sequence analysis 310:336 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 3 29 theme sequence 320:327 arg1 member 343:348 a member 341:348 a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus 341:378 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 4 30 theme Jeotgalibacillus 412:427 arg1 similarity 453:462 99.1 % similarity 446:462 99.1 % similarity 446:462 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 4 30 theme Jeotgalibacillus 412:427 arg1 ASL-1T 438:443 Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T 412:443 Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity) 412:463 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 4 31 theme Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis 642:667 arg1 SF-57T 669:674 Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T 642:674 Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) 642:683 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 4 31 theme Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis 642:667 arg1 % 682:682 96.1 % 677:682 96.1 % 677:682 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 5 32 theme species 824:830 arg1 strains 793:799 the type strains 784:799 the type strains of the closest related species 784:830 Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. 27667642 3 33 theme rRNA 310:313 arg1 analysis 329:336 rRNA gene sequence analysis 310:336 rRNA gene sequence analysis 310:336 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 3 33 theme rRNA 310:313 arg1 member 343:348 a member 341:348 a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus 341:378 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 3 34 attach isolated 257:264 arg1 pan 278:280 a salt pan 271:280 a salt pan 271:280 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 3 34 attach isolated 257:264 arg2 JC303T 249:254 strain JC303T 242:254 strain JC303T 242:254 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 3 34 attach isolated 257:264 arg2 bacterium 231:239 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 185:239 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan 185:280 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 7 35 theme fatty 1046:1050 arg1 % 1043:1043 >10 % 1039:1043 >10 % 1039:1043 Major (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27667642 7 35 theme fatty 1046:1050 arg1 acids 1052:1056 Major (>10 %) fatty acids 1032:1056 Major (>10 %) fatty acids 1032:1056 Major (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27667642 6 36 theme unidentified 939:950 arg1 aminophospholipids 882:899 three aminophospholipids 876:899 three aminophospholipids 876:899 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 36 theme unidentified 939:950 arg1 phospholipids 952:964 two unidentified phospholipids 935:964 two unidentified phospholipids 935:964 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 36 theme unidentified 939:950 arg1 lipids 1007:1012 the polar lipids 997:1012 the polar lipids of strain JC303T 997:1029 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 36 theme unidentified 939:950 arg1 aminoglycolipid 918:932 an unidentified aminoglycolipid 902:932 an unidentified aminoglycolipid 902:932 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 36 theme unidentified 939:950 arg1 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 36 theme unidentified 939:950 arg1 lipid 986:990 an unidentified lipid 970:990 an unidentified lipid 970:990 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 13 37 theme =KCTC 1643:1647 arg1 28756T 1660:1665 =KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T 1643:1665 =KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T 1643:1665 The type strain is JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T). 27667642 13 37 theme =KCTC 1643:1647 arg1 JC303T 1635:1640 JC303T 1635:1640 JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T) 1635:1666 The type strain is JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T). 27667642 0 38 theme sp 45:46 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 0:47 Description of Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 4 39 dep Jeotgalibacillus 412:427 arg1 salarius 429:436 salarius 429:436 salarius 429:436 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 7 40 dep anteiso-C15  1063:1074 arg1  0 1105:1106  0 1105:1106  0 1105:1106 Major (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27667642 7 40 dep anteiso-C15  1063:1074 arg1  0 1076:1077  0 1076:1077  0 1076:1077 Major (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27667642 7 40 dep anteiso-C15  1063:1074 arg1 iso-C14  1096:1103 iso-C14  1096:1103 iso-C14  1096:1103 Major (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27667642 7 40 dep anteiso-C15  1063:1074 arg1  0 1089:1090  0 1089:1090  0 1089:1090 Major (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27667642 6 41 theme JC303T 1024:1029 arg1 aminophospholipids 882:899 three aminophospholipids 876:899 three aminophospholipids 876:899 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 41 theme JC303T 1024:1029 arg1 phospholipids 952:964 two unidentified phospholipids 935:964 two unidentified phospholipids 935:964 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 41 theme JC303T 1024:1029 arg1 lipids 1007:1012 the polar lipids 997:1012 the polar lipids of strain JC303T 997:1029 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 41 theme JC303T 1024:1029 arg1 aminoglycolipid 918:932 an unidentified aminoglycolipid 902:932 an unidentified aminoglycolipid 902:932 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 41 theme JC303T 1024:1029 arg1 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 41 theme JC303T 1024:1029 arg1 lipid 986:990 an unidentified lipid 970:990 an unidentified lipid 970:990 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 14 42 theme Jeotgalibacillus 1786:1801 arg1 soli 1803:1806 the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli 1759:1806 the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli 1759:1806 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 11 43 theme Jeotgalibacillus 1527:1542 arg1 species 1506:1512 a novel species 1498:1512 a novel species 1498:1512 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 9 44 contain contained 1215:1223 arg1 JC303T 1208:1213 Strain JC303T 1201:1213 Strain JC303T 1201:1213 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 9 44 contain contained 1215:1223 arg2 MK-7 1225:1228 MK-7 1225:1228 MK-7 1225:1228 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 9 44 contain contained 1215:1223 arg2 menaquinone 1256:1266 the predominant (96 %) menaquinone 1233:1266 the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8 1233:1322 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 2 45 theme soli 161:164 arg1 2010 179:182 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010 143:182 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010 143:182 nov., a name to replace 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010. 27667642 6 46 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 aminophospholipids 882:899 three aminophospholipids 876:899 three aminophospholipids 876:899 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 46 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 phospholipids 952:964 two unidentified phospholipids 935:964 two unidentified phospholipids 935:964 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 46 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 lipids 1007:1012 the polar lipids 997:1012 the polar lipids of strain JC303T 997:1029 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 46 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 aminoglycolipid 918:932 an unidentified aminoglycolipid 902:932 an unidentified aminoglycolipid 902:932 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 46 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol 852:873 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 6 46 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 lipid 986:990 an unidentified lipid 970:990 an unidentified lipid 970:990 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 2 47 dep Chen 167:170 arg1 al. 175:177 Chen et al. 167:177 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010 143:182 nov., a name to replace 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010. 27667642 10 48 theme mol 1352:1354 arg1 % 1355:1355 43 mol% 1349:1355 43 mol% 1349:1355 The DNA G+C content was 43 mol%. 27667642 10 48 theme mol 1352:1354 arg1 content 1337:1343 The DNA G+C content 1325:1343 The DNA G+C content 1325:1343 The DNA G+C content was 43 mol%. 27667642 11 49 theme strain 1457:1462 arg1 JC303T 1464:1469 strain JC303T 1457:1469 strain JC303T 1457:1469 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 8 50 contain contained 1131:1139 arg2 acid 1195:1198 the diagnostic diamino acid 1172:1198 the diagnostic diamino acid 1172:1198 Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27667642 8 50 contain contained 1131:1139 arg2 peptidoglycan 1141:1153 peptidoglycan 1141:1153 peptidoglycan 1141:1153 Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27667642 8 50 contain contained 1131:1139 arg1 acids 1125:1129 Cell-wall amino acids 1109:1129 Cell-wall amino acids 1109:1129 Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27667642 4 51 theme Jeotgalibacillussoli 513:532 arg1 JSM 534:536 Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 513:543 Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %) 513:552 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 4 51 theme Jeotgalibacillussoli 513:532 arg1 % 551:551 97.9 % 546:551 97.9 % 546:551 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 15 52 theme =DSM 1894:1897 arg1 13528T 1911:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 15 52 theme =DSM 1894:1897 arg1 081008T 1885:1891 type strain JSM 081008T 1869:1891 type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T) 1869:1917 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 5 53 theme DNA-DNA 740:746 arg1 hybridization 748:760 DNA-DNA hybridization 740:760 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species 740:830 Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. 27667642 9 54 theme significant 1291:1301 arg1 amount 1303:1308 a significant amount 1289:1308 a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8 1289:1322 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 9 54 theme significant 1291:1301 arg1 % 1313:1313 4 % 1311:1313 4 % 1311:1313 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 9 54 theme significant 1291:1301 arg1 MK-8 1319:1322 MK-8 1319:1322 MK-8 1319:1322 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 1 55 attach isolated 55:62 arg1 pan 82:84 a solar salt pan 69:84 a solar salt pan 69:84 nov., isolated from a solar salt pan, and Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 1 55 attach isolated 55:62 arg2 nov. 49:52 nov. 49:52 nov. 49:52 nov., isolated from a solar salt pan, and Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 5 56 theme Genomic 711:717 arg1 relatedness 719:729 Genomic relatedness 711:729 Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species 711:830 Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. 27667642 3 57 theme strain 242:247 arg1 bacterium 231:239 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 185:239 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan 185:280 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 3 57 theme strain 242:247 arg1 JC303T 249:254 strain JC303T 242:254 strain JC303T 242:254 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 8 58 theme diamino 1187:1193 arg1 peptidoglycan 1141:1153 peptidoglycan 1141:1153 peptidoglycan 1141:1153 Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27667642 8 58 theme diamino 1187:1193 arg1 acid 1195:1198 the diagnostic diamino acid 1172:1198 the diagnostic diamino acid 1172:1198 Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27667642 8 59 theme Cell-wall 1109:1117 arg1 acids 1125:1129 Cell-wall amino acids 1109:1129 Cell-wall amino acids 1109:1129 Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27667642 3 60 dep Gram-stain-positive 187:205 arg1 rod-shaped 220:229 rod-shaped 220:229 rod-shaped 220:229 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 3 60 dep Gram-stain-positive 187:205 arg1 non-motile 208:217 non-motile 208:217 non-motile 208:217 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 5 61 theme strain 765:770 arg1 JC303T 772:777 strain JC303T 765:777 strain JC303T 765:777 Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. 27667642 10 62 theme G+C 1333:1335 arg1 % 1355:1355 43 mol% 1349:1355 43 mol% 1349:1355 The DNA G+C content was 43 mol%. 27667642 10 62 theme G+C 1333:1335 arg1 content 1337:1343 The DNA G+C content 1325:1343 The DNA G+C content 1325:1343 The DNA G+C content was 43 mol%. 27667642 1 63 theme Jeotgalibacillus 91:106 arg1 sp 115:116 Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp 91:116 Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp 91:116 nov., isolated from a solar salt pan, and Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 2 64 theme Chen 167:170 arg1 2010 179:182 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010 143:182 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010 143:182 nov., a name to replace 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010. 27667642 11 65 dep Jeotgalibacillus 1564:1579 arg1 alkaliphilus 1581:1592 alkaliphilus 1581:1592 alkaliphilus 1581:1592 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 15 66 theme strain 1874:1879 arg1 13528T 1911:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 =DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T 1894:1916 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 15 66 theme strain 1874:1879 arg1 081008T 1885:1891 type strain JSM 081008T 1869:1891 type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T) 1869:1917 nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T). 27667642 5 67 theme JC303T 772:777 arg1 hybridization 748:760 DNA-DNA hybridization 740:760 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species 740:830 Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. 27667642 9 68 with menaquinone 1256:1266 arg1 presence 1277:1284 the presence 1273:1284 the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8 1273:1322 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 14 69 theme name 1781:1784 arg1 soli 1803:1806 the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli 1759:1806 the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli 1759:1806 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 3 70 theme salt 273:276 arg1 pan 278:280 a salt pan 271:280 a salt pan 271:280 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 4 71 theme % 451:451 arg1 similarity 453:462 99.1 % similarity 446:462 99.1 % similarity 446:462 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 4 71 theme % 451:451 arg1 ASL-1T 438:443 Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T 412:443 Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity) 412:463 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 4 72 theme DSM 622:624 arg1 1297T 626:630 Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T 598:630 Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %) 598:639 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 4 72 theme DSM 622:624 arg1 % 638:638 96.3 % 633:638 96.3 % 633:638 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 14 73 theme published 1771:1779 arg1 soli 1803:1806 the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli 1759:1806 the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli 1759:1806 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 14 74 theme terrae 1848:1853 arg1 sp 1855:1856 Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp 1831:1856 Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp 1831:1856 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 13 75 theme 33662T=LMG 1649:1658 arg1 28756T 1660:1665 =KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T 1643:1665 =KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T 1643:1665 The type strain is JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T). 27667642 13 75 theme 33662T=LMG 1649:1658 arg1 JC303T 1635:1640 JC303T 1635:1640 JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T) 1635:1666 The type strain is JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T). 27667642 11 76 theme Jeotgalibacillus 1564:1579 arg1 sp 1594:1595 the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp 1555:1595 the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp 1555:1595 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 1 77 theme salt 77:80 arg1 pan 82:84 a solar salt pan 69:84 a solar salt pan 69:84 nov., isolated from a solar salt pan, and Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 5 78 with hybridization 748:760 arg1 strains 793:799 the type strains 784:799 the type strains of the closest related species 784:830 Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. 27667642 3 79 theme genus 357:361 arg1 Jeotgalibacillus 363:378 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 353:378 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 353:378 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 0 80 theme alkaliphilus 32:43 arg1 sp 45:46 Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp 15:46 Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp 15:46 Description of Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 9 81 theme Strain 1201:1206 arg1 JC303T 1208:1213 Strain JC303T 1201:1213 Strain JC303T 1201:1213 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 3 82 theme gene 315:318 arg1 analysis 329:336 rRNA gene sequence analysis 310:336 rRNA gene sequence analysis 310:336 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 3 82 theme gene 315:318 arg1 member 343:348 a member 341:348 a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus 341:378 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 27667642 11 83 theme novel 1500:1504 arg1 species 1506:1512 a novel species 1498:1512 a novel species 1498:1512 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 4 84 theme Jeotgalibacillusmarinus 598:620 arg1 1297T 626:630 Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T 598:630 Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %) 598:639 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 4 84 theme Jeotgalibacillusmarinus 598:620 arg1 % 638:638 96.3 % 633:638 96.3 % 633:638 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 11 85 theme physiological 1389:1401 arg1 analyses 1447:1454 morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1374:1454 morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1374:1454 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 7 86 theme Major 1032:1036 arg1 % 1043:1043 >10 % 1039:1043 >10 % 1039:1043 Major (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27667642 7 86 theme Major 1032:1036 arg1 acids 1052:1056 Major (>10 %) fatty acids 1032:1056 Major (>10 %) fatty acids 1032:1056 Major (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 27667642 4 87 theme Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius 466:493 arg1 YKJ-13T 495:501 Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T 466:501 Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %) 466:510 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 4 87 theme Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius 466:493 arg1 % 509:509 97.9 % 504:509 97.9 % 504:509 It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). 27667642 14 88 theme soli 1803:1806 arg1 soli 1706:1709 soli 1706:1709 soli 1706:1709 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 14 88 theme soli 1803:1806 arg1 homonym 1748:1754 an illegitimate homonym 1732:1754 an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli 1732:1806 In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. 27667642 11 89 theme genus 1521:1525 arg1 Jeotgalibacillus 1527:1542 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 1517:1542 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 1517:1542 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 11 90 theme morphological 1374:1386 arg1 analyses 1447:1454 morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1374:1454 morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1374:1454 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 9 91 theme predominant 1237:1247 arg1 % 1253:1253 96 % 1250:1253 96 % 1250:1253 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 9 91 theme predominant 1237:1247 arg1 MK-7 1225:1228 MK-7 1225:1228 MK-7 1225:1228 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 9 91 theme predominant 1237:1247 arg1 menaquinone 1256:1266 the predominant (96 %) menaquinone 1233:1266 the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8 1233:1322 Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. 27667642 6 92 theme strain 1017:1022 arg1 JC303T 1024:1029 strain JC303T 1017:1029 strain JC303T 1017:1029 Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. 27667642 10 93 theme DNA 1329:1331 arg1 % 1355:1355 43 mol% 1349:1355 43 mol% 1349:1355 The DNA G+C content was 43 mol%. 27667642 10 93 theme DNA 1329:1331 arg1 content 1337:1343 The DNA G+C content 1325:1343 The DNA G+C content 1325:1343 The DNA G+C content was 43 mol%. 27667642 11 94 theme phylogenetic 1415:1426 arg1 analyses 1447:1454 morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1374:1454 morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1374:1454 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27667642 11 95 theme genotypic 1404:1412 arg1 analyses 1447:1454 morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1374:1454 morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1374:1454 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 26956705 3 0 theme nutrient 306:313 arg1 agar 315:318 nutrient agar 306:318 nutrient agar 306:318 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26956705 2 1 dep aerobic 65:71 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 110:128 Gram-stain-positive 110:128 Gram-stain-positive 110:128 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 2 1 dep aerobic 65:71 arg1 rod-shaped 143:152 rod-shaped 143:152 rod-shaped 143:152 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 2 1 dep aerobic 65:71 arg1 alkali-tolerant 93:107 alkali-tolerant 93:107 alkali-tolerant 93:107 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 2 1 dep aerobic 65:71 arg1 endospore-forming 74:90 endospore-forming 74:90 endospore-forming 74:90 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 2 1 dep aerobic 65:71 arg1 non-motile 131:140 non-motile 131:140 non-motile 131:140 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 8 2 theme % 1212:1212 arg1 similarity 1193:1202 a pairwise sequence similarity 1173:1202 a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 % 1173:1212 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 12 3 theme type 1577:1580 arg1 NIO-S10T 1592:1599 NIO-S10T 1592:1599 NIO-S10T ( = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T) 1592:1630 The type strain is NIO-S10T ( = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T). 26956705 12 3 theme type 1577:1580 arg1 strain 1582:1587 The type strain 1573:1587 The type strain 1573:1587 The type strain is NIO-S10T ( = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T). 26956705 9 4 theme Tumebacillus 1305:1316 arg1 members 1284:1290 members 1284:1290 members of the genus Tumebacillus 1284:1316 Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain NIO-S10T was clustered with members of the genus Tumebacillus and together with members of the genus Effusibacillus. 26956705 10 5 theme strain 1437:1442 arg1 NIO-S10T 1444:1451 strain NIO-S10T 1437:1451 strain NIO-S10T 1437:1451 Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain NIO-S10T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 4 6 theme catalase 610:617 arg1 activities 655:664 catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities 610:664 catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities 610:664 Strain NIO-S10T was positive for oxidase, caseinase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities, and negative for catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities. 26956705 8 7 theme nearest 1117:1123 arg1 neighbour 1138:1146 the nearest phylogenetic neighbour 1113:1146 the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T 1113:1165 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 8 7 theme nearest 1117:1123 arg1 1105T 1103:1107 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T 1071:1107 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T 1071:1107 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 9 8 theme genus 1299:1303 arg1 Tumebacillus 1305:1316 the genus Tumebacillus 1295:1316 the genus Tumebacillus 1295:1316 Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain NIO-S10T was clustered with members of the genus Tumebacillus and together with members of the genus Effusibacillus. 26956705 8 9 theme 16S 1032:1034 arg1 sequences 1046:1054 16S rRNA gene sequences 1032:1054 16S rRNA gene sequences 1032:1054 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 10 10 dep Tumebacillus 1526:1537 arg1 lipolyticus 1539:1549 lipolyticus 1539:1549 lipolyticus 1539:1549 Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain NIO-S10T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 1 11 theme river 49:53 arg1 water 55:59 river water 49:59 river water 49:59 nov., isolated from river water. 26956705 6 12 theme diamino 884:890 arg1 acid 892:895 the diagnostic diamino acid 869:895 the diagnostic diamino acid 869:895 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 6 12 theme diamino 884:890 arg1 acid 861:864 meso-diaminopimelic acid 841:864 meso-diaminopimelic acid 841:864 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 3 13 theme NaCl 485:488 arg1 presence 461:468 the presence 457:468 the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl 457:488 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26956705 6 14 theme diagnostic 873:882 arg1 acid 892:895 the diagnostic diamino acid 869:895 the diagnostic diamino acid 869:895 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 6 14 theme diagnostic 873:882 arg1 acid 861:864 meso-diaminopimelic acid 841:864 meso-diaminopimelic acid 841:864 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 8 15 theme gene 1041:1044 arg1 sequences 1046:1054 16S rRNA gene sequences 1032:1054 16S rRNA gene sequences 1032:1054 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 5 16 theme fatty 724:728 arg1 acids 730:734 branched and saturated fatty acids 701:734 acids 730:734 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 2 17 attach isolated 197:204 arg2 bacterium 154:162 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 62:162 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 62:162 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 2 17 attach isolated 197:204 arg1 sample 227:232 a surface water sample 211:232 a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India 211:291 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 8 18 theme rRNA 1036:1039 arg1 sequences 1046:1054 16S rRNA gene sequences 1032:1054 16S rRNA gene sequences 1032:1054 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 7 19 theme 54.4 mol 977:984 arg1 content 946:952 The DNA G+C content 934:952 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T 934:971 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T was 54.4 mol%. 26956705 7 19 theme 54.4 mol 977:984 arg1 % 985:985 54.4 mol% 977:985 54.4 mol% 977:985 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T was 54.4 mol%. 26956705 3 20 theme w/v 480:482 arg1 NaCl 485:488 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl 473:488 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl 473:488 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26956705 4 21 theme urease 574:579 arg1 activities 581:590 urease activities 574:590 urease activities 574:590 Strain NIO-S10T was positive for oxidase, caseinase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities, and negative for catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities. 26956705 0 22 theme lipolyticus 13:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp 0:26 Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 0:27 Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 7 23 theme strain 957:962 arg1 NIO-S10T 964:971 strain NIO-S10T 957:971 strain NIO-S10T 957:971 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T was 54.4 mol%. 26956705 8 24 theme similarity 1005:1014 arg1 search 1016:1021 A blast sequence similarity search 988:1021 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 988:1054 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 10 25 theme Tumebacillus 1493:1504 arg1 species 1472:1478 a novel species 1464:1478 a novel species 1464:1478 Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain NIO-S10T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 9 26 theme genus 1351:1355 arg1 Effusibacillus 1357:1370 the genus Effusibacillus 1347:1370 the genus Effusibacillus 1347:1370 Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain NIO-S10T was clustered with members of the genus Tumebacillus and together with members of the genus Effusibacillus. 26956705 0 27 theme Tumebacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 25:26 Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp 0:26 Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 0:27 Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 4 28 theme Strain 491:496 arg1 NIO-S10T 498:505 Strain NIO-S10T 491:505 Strain NIO-S10T 491:505 Strain NIO-S10T was positive for oxidase, caseinase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities, and negative for catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities. 26956705 7 29 theme NIO-S10T 964:971 arg1 content 946:952 The DNA G+C content 934:952 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T 934:971 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T was 54.4 mol%. 26956705 7 29 theme NIO-S10T 964:971 arg1 % 985:985 54.4 mol% 977:985 54.4 mol% 977:985 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T was 54.4 mol%. 26956705 4 30 theme cellulase 645:653 arg1 activities 655:664 catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities 610:664 catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities 610:664 Strain NIO-S10T was positive for oxidase, caseinase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities, and negative for catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities. 26956705 3 31 theme 37 °C. 404:409 arg1 Growth 411:416 37 °C. Growth 404:416 37 °C. Growth 404:416 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26956705 8 32 theme Tumebacillus 1071:1082 arg1 neighbour 1138:1146 the nearest phylogenetic neighbour 1113:1146 the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T 1113:1165 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 8 32 theme Tumebacillus 1071:1082 arg1 1105T 1103:1107 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T 1071:1107 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T 1071:1107 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 9 33 theme Phylogenetic 1215:1226 arg1 analysis 1228:1235 Phylogenetic analysis 1215:1235 Phylogenetic analysis 1215:1235 Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain NIO-S10T was clustered with members of the genus Tumebacillus and together with members of the genus Effusibacillus. 26956705 8 34 theme pairwise 1175:1182 arg1 similarity 1193:1202 a pairwise sequence similarity 1173:1202 a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 % 1173:1212 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 10 35 theme novel 1466:1470 arg1 species 1472:1478 a novel species 1464:1478 a novel species 1464:1478 Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain NIO-S10T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 8 36 theme strain 1151:1156 arg1 NIO-S10T 1158:1165 strain NIO-S10T 1151:1165 strain NIO-S10T 1151:1165 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 10 37 theme genus 1487:1491 arg1 Tumebacillus 1493:1504 the genus Tumebacillus 1483:1504 the genus Tumebacillus 1483:1504 Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain NIO-S10T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 5 38 dep dominated 688:696 arg1 anteiso-C15  775:786 anteiso-C15  775:786 anteiso-C15  775:786 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 5 38 dep dominated 688:696 arg1  0 771:772  0 771:772  0 771:772 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 5 39 theme high 744:747 arg1 abundance 749:757 a high abundance 742:757 a high abundance of iso-C15  742:769 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 8 40 theme Gsoil 1097:1101 arg1 neighbour 1138:1146 the nearest phylogenetic neighbour 1113:1146 the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T 1113:1165 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 8 40 theme Gsoil 1097:1101 arg1 1105T 1103:1107 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T 1071:1107 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T 1071:1107 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 6 41 theme meso-diaminopimelic 841:859 arg1 acid 892:895 the diagnostic diamino acid 869:895 the diagnostic diamino acid 869:895 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 6 41 theme meso-diaminopimelic 841:859 arg1 acid 861:864 meso-diaminopimelic acid 841:864 meso-diaminopimelic acid 841:864 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 7 42 theme DNA 938:940 arg1 content 946:952 The DNA G+C content 934:952 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T 934:971 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T was 54.4 mol%. 26956705 7 42 theme DNA 938:940 arg1 % 985:985 54.4 mol% 977:985 54.4 mol% 977:985 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T was 54.4 mol%. 26956705 2 43 theme strain 176:181 arg1 NIO-S10T 183:190 strain NIO-S10T 176:190 strain NIO-S10T 176:190 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 5 44 dep  0 771:772 arg1  0 788:789  0 788:789  0 788:789 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 5 44 dep  0 771:772 arg1  0 800:801  0 800:801  0 800:801 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 5 44 dep  0 771:772 arg1 C18  795:798 C18  795:798 C18  795:798 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 8 45 theme phylogenetic 1125:1136 arg1 neighbour 1138:1146 the nearest phylogenetic neighbour 1113:1146 the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T 1113:1165 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 8 45 theme phylogenetic 1125:1136 arg1 1105T 1103:1107 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T 1071:1107 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T 1071:1107 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 9 46 theme Effusibacillus 1357:1370 arg1 members 1336:1342 members 1336:1342 members of the genus Effusibacillus 1336:1370 Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain NIO-S10T was clustered with members of the genus Tumebacillus and together with members of the genus Effusibacillus. 26956705 5 47 theme iso-C15  762:769 arg1 abundance 749:757 a high abundance 742:757 a high abundance of iso-C15  742:769 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 3 48 dep circular 325:332 arg1 3-4 mm 335:340 3-4 mm 335:340 3-4 mm 335:340 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26956705 3 48 dep circular 325:332 arg1 creamish 355:362 creamish 355:362 creamish 355:362 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26956705 2 49 theme water 221:225 arg1 sample 227:232 a surface water sample 211:232 a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India 211:291 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 6 50 theme major 915:919 arg1 MK-7 902:905 MK-7 902:905 MK-7 902:905 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 6 50 theme major 915:919 arg1 menaquinone 921:931 the major menaquinone 911:931 the major menaquinone 911:931 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 9 51 theme strain 1249:1254 arg1 NIO-S10T 1256:1263 strain NIO-S10T 1249:1263 strain NIO-S10T 1249:1263 Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain NIO-S10T was clustered with members of the genus Tumebacillus and together with members of the genus Effusibacillus. 26956705 8 52 theme ginsengisoli 1084:1095 arg1 neighbour 1138:1146 the nearest phylogenetic neighbour 1113:1146 the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T 1113:1165 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 8 52 theme ginsengisoli 1084:1095 arg1 1105T 1103:1107 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T 1071:1107 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T 1071:1107 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 3 53 from diameter 345:352 arg1 3-4 mm 335:340 3-4 mm 335:340 3-4 mm 335:340 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26956705 2 54 theme surface 213:219 arg1 sample 227:232 a surface water sample 211:232 a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India 211:291 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 10 55 theme phylogenetic 1413:1424 arg1 inference 1426:1434 phylogenetic inference 1413:1434 phylogenetic inference 1413:1434 Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain NIO-S10T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 7 56 theme G+C 942:944 arg1 content 946:952 The DNA G+C content 934:952 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T 934:971 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T was 54.4 mol%. 26956705 7 56 theme G+C 942:944 arg1 % 985:985 54.4 mol% 977:985 54.4 mol% 977:985 The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T was 54.4 mol%. 26956705 5 57 theme saturated 714:722 arg1 acids 730:734 branched and saturated fatty acids 701:734 acids 730:734 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 6 58 theme cell-wall 807:815 arg1 peptidoglycan 817:829 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 803:829 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 803:829 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 6 59 contain contained 831:839 arg1 peptidoglycan 817:829 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 803:829 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 803:829 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 6 59 contain contained 831:839 arg2 acid 861:864 meso-diaminopimelic acid 841:864 meso-diaminopimelic acid 841:864 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 6 59 contain contained 831:839 arg2 acid 892:895 the diagnostic diamino acid 869:895 the diagnostic diamino acid 869:895 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 26956705 4 60 theme aesculinase 620:630 arg1 activities 655:664 catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities 610:664 catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities 610:664 Strain NIO-S10T was positive for oxidase, caseinase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities, and negative for catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities. 26956705 10 61 theme Tumebacillus 1526:1537 arg1 sp 1551:1552 the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp 1517:1552 the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp 1517:1552 Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain NIO-S10T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 2 62 theme aerobic 65:71 arg1 bacterium 154:162 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 62:162 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 62:162 An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. 26956705 8 63 theme blast 990:994 arg1 search 1016:1021 A blast sequence similarity search 988:1021 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 988:1054 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 12 64 theme  = KCTC 1602:1608 arg1 NIO-S10T 1592:1599 NIO-S10T 1592:1599 NIO-S10T ( = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T) 1592:1630 The type strain is NIO-S10T ( = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T). 26956705 12 64 theme  = KCTC 1602:1608 arg1 12483T 1624:1629  = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T 1602:1629  = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T 1602:1629 The type strain is NIO-S10T ( = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T). 26956705 8 65 theme sequence 1184:1191 arg1 similarity 1193:1202 a pairwise sequence similarity 1173:1202 a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 % 1173:1212 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 10 66 theme phenotypic 1382:1391 arg1 characteristics 1393:1407 phenotypic characteristics 1382:1407 phenotypic characteristics 1382:1407 Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain NIO-S10T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 10 67 theme name 1521:1524 arg1 sp 1551:1552 the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp 1517:1552 the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp 1517:1552 Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain NIO-S10T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. 26956705 4 68 theme amylase 633:639 arg1 activities 655:664 catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities 610:664 catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities 610:664 Strain NIO-S10T was positive for oxidase, caseinase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities, and negative for catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities. 26956705 5 69 theme fatty 671:675 arg1 acids 677:681 The fatty acids 667:681 The fatty acids 667:681 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 3 70 theme 0-2  473:476 arg1 NaCl 485:488 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl 473:488 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl 473:488 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26956705 12 71 theme 32289T = MTCC 1610:1622 arg1 NIO-S10T 1592:1599 NIO-S10T 1592:1599 NIO-S10T ( = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T) 1592:1630 The type strain is NIO-S10T ( = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T). 26956705 12 71 theme 32289T = MTCC 1610:1622 arg1 12483T 1624:1629  = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T 1602:1629  = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T 1602:1629 The type strain is NIO-S10T ( = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T). 26956705 3 72 from Colonies 294:301 arg1 agar 315:318 nutrient agar 306:318 nutrient agar 306:318 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26956705 8 73 theme sequence 996:1003 arg1 search 1016:1021 A blast sequence similarity search 988:1021 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 988:1054 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 8 74 with neighbour 1138:1146 arg1 similarity 1193:1202 a pairwise sequence similarity 1173:1202 a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 % 1173:1212 A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. 26956705 5 75 theme branched 701:708 arg1 acids 730:734 branched and saturated fatty acids 701:734 acids 730:734 The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0. 26956705 3 76 theme % 477:477 arg1 NaCl 485:488 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl 473:488 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl 473:488 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26956705 3 77 from 3-4 mm 335:340 arg1 diameter 345:352 diameter 345:352 diameter 345:352 Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26868361 8 0 theme cell-wall 954:962 arg1 peptidoglycan 964:976 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 950:976 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 950:976 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 26868361 10 1 theme G+C 1186:1188 arg1 content 1190:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content 1170:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content 1170:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 10 1 theme G+C 1186:1188 arg1 % 1210:1210 67.3 mol% 1202:1210 67.3 mol% 1202:1210 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 3 2 theme 16S 272:274 arg1 rRNA 276:279 16S rRNA 272:279 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 272:302 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 3 3 from Arthrobacter 351:362 arg1 Micrococcaceae 378:391 the family Micrococcaceae 367:391 the family Micrococcaceae 367:391 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 7 4 theme unidentified 911:922 arg1 lipids 924:929 four unidentified lipids 906:929 four unidentified lipids 906:929 The polar lipids of strain AM23T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 26868361 7 5 theme strain 788:793 arg1 AM23T 795:799 strain AM23T 788:799 strain AM23T 788:799 The polar lipids of strain AM23T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 26868361 11 6 theme analysis 1393:1400 arg1 results 1339:1345 The results 1335:1345 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis 1335:1400 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 5 7 theme Gram-stain-positive 624:642 arg1 isolate 610:616 The isolate 606:616 The isolate 606:616 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium. 26868361 5 7 theme Gram-stain-positive 624:642 arg1 bacterium 692:700 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium 622:700 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium 622:700 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium. 26868361 10 8 theme A. 1313:1314 arg1 20550T 1327:1332 A. agilis DSM 20550T 1313:1332 A. agilis DSM 20550T 1313:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 7 9 theme AM23T 795:799 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 806:825 phosphatidylglycerol 806:825 phosphatidylglycerol 806:825 The polar lipids of strain AM23T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 26868361 7 9 theme AM23T 795:799 arg1 lipids 778:783 The polar lipids 768:783 The polar lipids of strain AM23T 768:799 The polar lipids of strain AM23T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 26868361 2 10 theme Dokdo 265:269 arg1 waters 237:242 the coastal waters 225:242 the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo 225:269 A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 26868361 8 11 theme glutamic 991:998 arg1 lysine 983:988 lysine 983:988 lysine 983:988 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 26868361 8 11 theme glutamic 991:998 arg1 acid 1000:1003 glutamic acid 991:1003 glutamic acid 991:1003 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 26868361 6 12 theme fatty 722:726 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 739:751 anteiso-C15:0 739:751 anteiso-C15:0 739:751 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 26868361 6 12 theme fatty 722:726 arg1 acids 728:732 The major cellular fatty acids 703:732 The major cellular fatty acids 703:732 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 26868361 10 13 theme DNA-DNA 1220:1226 arg1 hybridization 1228:1240 DNA-DNA hybridization 1220:1240 the DNA-DNA hybridization values 1216:1247 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 1 14 attach isolated 30:37 arg2 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina. 26868361 1 14 attach isolated 30:37 arg1 gut 48:50 the gut 44:50 the gut of a purple sea urchin 44:73 nov., isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina. 26868361 3 15 theme sequence 286:293 arg1 analysis 295:302 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 272:302 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 272:302 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 10 16 dep % 1286:1286 arg1 29 1284:1285 29 1284:1285 29 1284:1285 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 13 17 theme 18260T=DSM 1576:1585 arg1 AM23T 1563:1567 AM23T 1563:1567 AM23T (=KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T) 1563:1593 The type strain is AM23T (=KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T). 26868361 13 17 theme 18260T=DSM 1576:1585 arg1 29493T 1587:1592 =KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T 1570:1592 =KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T 1570:1592 The type strain is AM23T (=KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T). 26868361 6 18 theme cellular 713:720 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 739:751 anteiso-C15:0 739:751 anteiso-C15:0 739:751 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 26868361 6 18 theme cellular 713:720 arg1 acids 728:732 The major cellular fatty acids 703:732 The major cellular fatty acids 703:732 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 26868361 2 19 theme coastal 229:235 arg1 waters 237:242 the coastal waters 225:242 the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo 225:269 A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 26868361 4 20 dep catalase-positive 495:511 arg1 oxidase-negative 514:529 oxidase-negative 514:529 oxidase-negative 514:529 Strain AM23T was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 20 °C, in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. 26868361 11 21 theme novel 1442:1446 arg1 species 1448:1454 a novel species 1440:1454 a novel species 1440:1454 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 6 22 theme major 707:711 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 739:751 anteiso-C15:0 739:751 anteiso-C15:0 739:751 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 26868361 6 22 theme major 707:711 arg1 acids 728:732 The major cellular fatty acids 703:732 The major cellular fatty acids 703:732 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 26868361 1 23 dep crassispina 89:99 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina. 26868361 10 24 dep relatedness 1296:1306 arg1 % 1286:1286 % 1286:1286 % 1286:1286 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 5 25 theme non-motile 645:654 arg1 isolate 610:616 The isolate 606:616 The isolate 606:616 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium. 26868361 5 25 theme non-motile 645:654 arg1 bacterium 692:700 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium 622:700 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium 622:700 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium. 26868361 0 26 theme echini 13:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Arthrobacter echini sp 0:21 Arthrobacter echini sp. 0:22 Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 2 27 theme novel 104:108 arg1 strain 110:115 A novel strain 102:115 A novel strain 102:115 A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 26868361 1 28 theme purple 57:62 arg1 urchin 68:73 a purple sea urchin 55:73 a purple sea urchin 55:73 nov., isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina. 26868361 7 29 theme polar 772:776 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 806:825 phosphatidylglycerol 806:825 phosphatidylglycerol 806:825 The polar lipids of strain AM23T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 26868361 7 29 theme polar 772:776 arg1 lipids 778:783 The polar lipids 768:783 The polar lipids of strain AM23T 768:799 The polar lipids of strain AM23T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 26868361 4 30 theme NaCl 588:591 arg1 presence 567:574 the presence 563:574 the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl 563:591 Strain AM23T was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 20 °C, in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. 26868361 0 31 theme Arthrobacter 0:11 arg1 sp 20:21 Arthrobacter echini sp 0:21 Arthrobacter echini sp. 0:22 Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 11 32 theme genus 1463:1467 arg1 Arthrobacter 1469:1480 the genus Arthrobacter 1459:1480 the genus Arthrobacter 1459:1480 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 10 33 theme genomic 1288:1294 arg1 relatedness 1296:1306 less than 29% genomic relatedness 1274:1306 less than 29% genomic relatedness 1274:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 1 34 theme sea 64:66 arg1 urchin 68:73 a purple sea urchin 55:73 a purple sea urchin 55:73 nov., isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina. 26868361 11 35 theme phylogenetic 1354:1365 arg1 analysis 1393:1400 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis 1350:1400 analysis 1393:1400 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 3 36 theme family 371:376 arg1 Micrococcaceae 378:391 the family Micrococcaceae 367:391 the family Micrococcaceae 367:391 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 3 37 theme strain 316:321 arg1 AM23T 323:327 strain AM23T 316:327 strain AM23T 316:327 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 8 38 theme cell-wall 1037:1045 arg1 sugars 1047:1052 the predominant cell-wall sugars 1021:1052 the predominant cell-wall sugars 1021:1052 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 26868361 8 38 theme cell-wall 1037:1045 arg1 galactose 1059:1067 galactose 1059:1067 galactose 1059:1067 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 26868361 8 39 theme peptidoglycan 964:976 arg1 components 936:945 The components 932:945 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 932:976 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 26868361 8 39 theme peptidoglycan 964:976 arg1 lysine 983:988 lysine 983:988 lysine 983:988 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 26868361 2 40 theme Korean 251:256 arg1 Dokdo 265:269 the Korean island Dokdo 247:269 the Korean island Dokdo 247:269 A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 26868361 4 41 dep % 580:580 arg1 w/v 583:585 w/v 583:585 w/v 583:585 Strain AM23T was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 20 °C, in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. 26868361 3 42 theme sequence 412:419 arg1 similarity 421:430 highest sequence similarity 404:430 highest sequence similarity 404:430 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 2 43 theme island 258:263 arg1 Dokdo 265:269 the Korean island Dokdo 247:269 the Korean island Dokdo 247:269 A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 26868361 8 44 theme predominant 1025:1035 arg1 sugars 1047:1052 the predominant cell-wall sugars 1021:1052 the predominant cell-wall sugars 1021:1052 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 26868361 8 44 theme predominant 1025:1035 arg1 galactose 1059:1067 galactose 1059:1067 galactose 1059:1067 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. 26868361 10 45 theme DSM 1323:1325 arg1 20550T 1327:1332 A. agilis DSM 20550T 1313:1332 A. agilis DSM 20550T 1313:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 11 46 theme phenotypic 1368:1377 arg1 analysis 1393:1400 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis 1350:1400 analysis 1393:1400 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 2 47 attach isolated 140:147 arg2 strain 110:115 A novel strain 102:115 A novel strain 102:115 A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 26868361 2 47 attach isolated 140:147 arg1 gut 158:160 the gut 154:160 the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo 154:269 A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 26868361 2 48 theme urchin 178:183 arg1 gut 158:160 the gut 154:160 the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo 154:269 A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 26868361 10 49 theme hybridization 1228:1240 arg1 values 1242:1247 the DNA-DNA hybridization values 1216:1247 the DNA-DNA hybridization values 1216:1247 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 4 50 theme % 580:580 arg1 NaCl 588:591 1% (w/v) NaCl 579:591 1% (w/v) NaCl 579:591 Strain AM23T was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 20 °C, in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. 26868361 11 51 theme strain 1416:1421 arg1 AM23T 1423:1427 strain AM23T 1416:1427 strain AM23T 1416:1427 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 5 52 theme coccus-shaped 678:690 arg1 isolate 610:616 The isolate 606:616 The isolate 606:616 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium. 26868361 5 52 theme coccus-shaped 678:690 arg1 bacterium 692:700 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium 622:700 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium 622:700 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium. 26868361 2 53 theme sea 174:176 arg1 urchin 178:183 a purple sea urchin 165:183 a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo 165:269 A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 26868361 11 54 theme echini 1515:1520 arg1 sp 1522:1523 the name Arthrobacter echini sp 1493:1523 the name Arthrobacter echini sp 1493:1523 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 3 55 theme highest 404:410 arg1 similarity 421:430 highest sequence similarity 404:430 highest sequence similarity 404:430 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 11 56 theme genotypic 1383:1391 arg1 analysis 1393:1400 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis 1350:1400 analysis 1393:1400 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 2 57 theme purple 167:172 arg1 urchin 178:183 a purple sea urchin 165:183 a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo 165:269 A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 26868361 13 58 theme type 1548:1551 arg1 AM23T 1563:1567 AM23T 1563:1567 AM23T (=KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T) 1563:1593 The type strain is AM23T (=KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T). 26868361 13 58 theme type 1548:1551 arg1 strain 1553:1558 The type strain 1544:1558 The type strain 1544:1558 The type strain is AM23T (=KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T). 26868361 3 59 theme agilis 450:455 arg1 DSM 457:459 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T 437:466 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%) 437:475 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 3 59 theme agilis 450:455 arg1 % 474:474 98.77% 469:474 98.77% 469:474 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 3 60 theme genus 345:349 arg1 Arthrobacter 351:362 the genus Arthrobacter 341:362 the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae 341:391 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 11 61 theme name 1497:1500 arg1 sp 1522:1523 the name Arthrobacter echini sp 1493:1523 the name Arthrobacter echini sp 1493:1523 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 10 62 theme DNA 1182:1184 arg1 content 1190:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content 1170:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content 1170:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 10 62 theme DNA 1182:1184 arg1 % 1210:1210 67.3 mol% 1202:1210 67.3 mol% 1202:1210 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 4 63 theme Strain 478:483 arg1 AM23T 485:489 Strain AM23T 478:489 Strain AM23T 478:489 Strain AM23T was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 20 °C, in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. 26868361 5 64 dep Gram-stain-positive 624:642 arg1 aerobic 666:672 aerobic 666:672 aerobic 666:672 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium. 26868361 7 65 theme unidentified 878:889 arg1 glycolipid 891:900 one unidentified glycolipid 874:900 one unidentified glycolipid 874:900 The polar lipids of strain AM23T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. 26868361 10 66 theme agilis 1316:1321 arg1 20550T 1327:1332 A. agilis DSM 20550T 1313:1332 A. agilis DSM 20550T 1313:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 1 67 theme urchin 68:73 arg1 gut 48:50 the gut 44:50 the gut of a purple sea urchin 44:73 nov., isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina. 26868361 10 68 dep showed 1249:1254 arg1 shared 1267:1272 shared 1267:1272 showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T 1249:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 11 69 from species 1448:1454 arg1 Arthrobacter 1469:1480 the genus Arthrobacter 1459:1480 the genus Arthrobacter 1459:1480 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 3 70 theme Arthrobacter 437:448 arg1 DSM 457:459 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T 437:466 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%) 437:475 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 3 70 theme Arthrobacter 437:448 arg1 % 474:474 98.77% 469:474 98.77% 469:474 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 9 71 theme menaquinone 1148:1158 arg1 H2 1165:1166 H2 1165:1166 H2 1165:1166 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H2). 26868361 9 71 theme menaquinone 1148:1158 arg1 MK-9 1160:1163 menaquinone MK-9 1148:1163 menaquinone MK-9(H2) 1148:1167 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H2). 26868361 9 71 theme menaquinone 1148:1158 arg1 quinone 1122:1128 The major respiratory quinone 1100:1128 The major respiratory quinone 1100:1128 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H2). 26868361 3 72 theme rRNA 276:279 arg1 analysis 295:302 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 272:302 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 272:302 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 4 73 theme 1 579:579 arg1 % 580:580 % 580:580 % 580:580 Strain AM23T was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 20 °C, in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. 26868361 9 74 theme major 1104:1108 arg1 MK-9 1160:1163 menaquinone MK-9 1148:1163 menaquinone MK-9(H2) 1148:1167 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H2). 26868361 9 74 theme major 1104:1108 arg1 quinone 1122:1128 The major respiratory quinone 1100:1128 The major respiratory quinone 1100:1128 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H2). 26868361 13 75 theme =KACC 1570:1574 arg1 AM23T 1563:1567 AM23T 1563:1567 AM23T (=KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T) 1563:1593 The type strain is AM23T (=KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T). 26868361 13 75 theme =KACC 1570:1574 arg1 29493T 1587:1592 =KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T 1570:1592 =KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T 1570:1592 The type strain is AM23T (=KACC 18260T=DSM 29493T). 26868361 10 76 theme genomic 1174:1180 arg1 content 1190:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content 1170:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content 1170:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 10 76 theme genomic 1174:1180 arg1 % 1210:1210 67.3 mol% 1202:1210 67.3 mol% 1202:1210 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 11 77 theme Arthrobacter 1502:1513 arg1 sp 1522:1523 the name Arthrobacter echini sp 1493:1523 the name Arthrobacter echini sp 1493:1523 The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. 26868361 3 78 theme gene 281:284 arg1 analysis 295:302 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 272:302 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 272:302 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77%). 26868361 9 79 theme respiratory 1110:1120 arg1 MK-9 1160:1163 menaquinone MK-9 1148:1163 menaquinone MK-9(H2) 1148:1167 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H2). 26868361 9 79 theme respiratory 1110:1120 arg1 quinone 1122:1128 The major respiratory quinone 1100:1128 The major respiratory quinone 1100:1128 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H2). 26868361 10 80 theme 67.3 mol 1202:1209 arg1 content 1190:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content 1170:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content 1170:1196 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26868361 10 80 theme 67.3 mol 1202:1209 arg1 % 1210:1210 67.3 mol% 1202:1210 67.3 mol% 1202:1210 The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29% genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. 26447990 7 0 theme plasma 1158:1163 arg1 leptin 1165:1170 Final plasma leptin 1152:1170 Final plasma leptin 1152:1170 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 3 1 theme 45 598:599 arg1 % 600:600 % 600:600 % 600:600 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 6 2 theme LF+P 1130:1133 arg1 groups 1144:1149 LF+P and HF+P groups 1130:1149 LF+P and HF+P groups 1130:1149 Body fat mass increased in HF, was maintained in LF, but decreased significantly in LF+P and HF+P groups. 26447990 5 3 theme Caloric 937:943 arg1 intake 945:950 Caloric intake 937:950 Caloric intake 937:950 Caloric intake and body weight gain were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. 26447990 3 4 theme 8/group/experiment 766:783 arg1 n 762:762 n = 8/group/experiment 762:783 n = 8/group/experiment 762:783 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 4 theme 8/group/experiment 766:783 arg1 weeks 755:759 4 weeks 753:759 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment) 753:784 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 8 5 theme Total 1346:1350 arg1 fat 1352:1354 Total fat 1346:1354 Total fat 1346:1354 Total fat and triglyceride concentrations in liver were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. 26447990 4 6 dep plasma 884:889 arg1 concentrations 907:920 lipid concentrations 901:920 lipid concentrations 901:920 Food intake, body weight, body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging), plasma hormones, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured. 26447990 1 7 theme diet 157:160 arg1 Consumption 131:141 Consumption 131:141 Consumption of a high fat diet 131:160 Consumption of a high fat diet promotes obesity and poor metabolic health, both of which may be improved by decreasing caloric intake. 26447990 9 8 theme high 1517:1520 arg1 fat 1534:1536 low fat 1530:1536 low fat 1530:1536 Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. 26447990 9 8 theme high 1517:1520 arg1 fat 1522:1524 high fat 1517:1524 a high fat (or low fat) diet 1515:1542 Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. 26447990 3 9 theme low 634:636 arg1 diet 642:645 low fat diet 634:645 low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat) 634:671 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 4 10 theme magnetic 834:841 arg1 imaging 853:859 magnetic resonance imaging 834:859 magnetic resonance imaging 834:859 Food intake, body weight, body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging), plasma hormones, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured. 26447990 0 11 theme Diet-Induced 106:117 arg1 Rats 125:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 Soluble Fermentable Dietary Fibre (Pectin) Decreases Caloric Intake, Adiposity and Lipidaemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. 26447990 3 12 theme replicated 505:514 arg1 experiments 516:526 two independently replicated experiments 487:526 two independently replicated experiments 487:526 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 13 theme w/w 720:722 arg1 libitum 741:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 9 14 theme low 1530:1532 arg1 fat 1534:1536 low fat 1530:1536 low fat 1530:1536 Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. 26447990 9 14 theme low 1530:1532 arg1 fat 1522:1524 high fat 1517:1524 a high fat (or low fat) diet 1515:1542 Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. 26447990 3 15 theme DIO 546:548 arg1 rats 550:553 young adult male DIO rats 529:553 young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) 529:617 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 4 16 theme lipid 901:905 arg1 concentrations 907:920 lipid concentrations 901:920 lipid concentrations 901:920 Food intake, body weight, body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging), plasma hormones, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured. 26447990 3 17 theme adult 535:539 arg1 rats 550:553 young adult male DIO rats 529:553 young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) 529:617 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 18 theme % 684:684 arg1 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 18 theme % 684:684 arg1 pectin 690:695 10% w/w pectin 682:695 10% w/w pectin (HF+P) 682:702 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 10 19 theme weight 1733:1738 arg1 loss 1740:1743 weight loss 1733:1743 weight loss 1733:1743 These data support the potential of fermentable dietary fibre for weight loss and improving metabolic health in obesity. 26447990 3 20 with LF 708:709 arg1 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 20 with LF 708:709 arg1 pectin 690:695 10% w/w pectin 682:695 10% w/w pectin (HF+P) 682:702 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 20 with LF 708:709 arg1 libitum 741:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 7 21 theme PYY 1257:1259 arg1 concentrations 1261:1274 plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations 1234:1274 plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations 1234:1274 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 3 22 theme 10 652:653 arg1 % 654:654 % 654:654 % 654:654 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 0 23 theme Caloric 53:59 arg1 Intake 61:66 Caloric Intake 53:66 Caloric Intake 53:66 Soluble Fermentable Dietary Fibre (Pectin) Decreases Caloric Intake, Adiposity and Lipidaemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. 26447990 7 24 theme satiety 1241:1247 arg1 concentrations 1261:1274 plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations 1234:1274 plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations 1234:1274 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 10 25 theme metabolic 1759:1767 arg1 health 1769:1774 metabolic health 1759:1774 metabolic health 1759:1774 These data support the potential of fermentable dietary fibre for weight loss and improving metabolic health in obesity. 26447990 3 26 with diet 642:645 arg1 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 26 with diet 642:645 arg1 pectin 690:695 10% w/w pectin 682:695 10% w/w pectin (HF+P) 682:702 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 26 with diet 642:645 arg1 libitum 741:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 1 27 theme high 148:151 arg1 diet 157:160 a high fat diet 146:160 a high fat diet 146:160 Consumption of a high fat diet promotes obesity and poor metabolic health, both of which may be improved by decreasing caloric intake. 26447990 6 28 theme fat 1051:1053 arg1 mass 1055:1058 Body fat mass 1046:1058 Body fat mass 1046:1058 Body fat mass increased in HF, was maintained in LF, but decreased significantly in LF+P and HF+P groups. 26447990 3 29 dep diet 642:645 arg1 LF 648:649 LF 648:649 LF 648:649 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 9 30 theme fibre 1506:1510 arg1 inclusion 1485:1493 the inclusion 1481:1493 the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet 1481:1542 Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. 26447990 9 31 theme weight 1601:1606 arg1 gain 1608:1611 weight gain 1601:1611 weight gain 1601:1611 Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. 26447990 2 32 theme obese 379:383 arg1 rats 391:394 diet-induced obese (DIO) rats 366:394 diet-induced obese (DIO) rats 366:394 Satiety-inducing ingredients such as dietary fibre may be beneficial and this study investigates in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats the effects of high or low fat diet with or without soluble fermentable fibre (pectin). 26447990 3 33 dep LF 648:649 arg1 energy 656:661 10% energy 652:661 10% energy from fat 652:670 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 7 34 from LF+P 1292:1295 arg1 groups 1324:1329 LF and HF groups 1314:1329 groups 1324:1329 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 3 35 with HF 630:631 arg1 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 35 with HF 630:631 arg1 pectin 690:695 10% w/w pectin 682:695 10% w/w pectin (HF+P) 682:702 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 35 with HF 630:631 arg1 libitum 741:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 7 36 theme HF 1321:1322 arg1 groups 1324:1329 LF and HF groups 1314:1329 groups 1324:1329 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 2 37 theme high 411:414 arg1 diet 427:430 high or low fat diet 411:430 high or low fat diet 411:430 Satiety-inducing ingredients such as dietary fibre may be beneficial and this study investigates in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats the effects of high or low fat diet with or without soluble fermentable fibre (pectin). 26447990 7 38 from HF+P 1301:1304 arg1 groups 1324:1329 LF and HF groups 1314:1329 groups 1324:1329 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 8 39 theme LF+P 1458:1461 arg1 group 1463:1467 the LF+P group 1454:1467 the LF+P group 1454:1467 Total fat and triglyceride concentrations in liver were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. 26447990 7 40 theme LF 1314:1315 arg1 groups 1324:1329 LF and HF groups 1314:1329 groups 1324:1329 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 3 41 from fat 668:670 arg1 energy 656:661 10% energy 652:661 10% energy from fat 652:670 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 42 theme 10 716:717 arg1 % 718:718 % 718:718 % 718:718 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 2 43 theme diet 427:430 arg1 effects 400:406 the effects 396:406 the effects of high or low fat diet 396:430 Satiety-inducing ingredients such as dietary fibre may be beneficial and this study investigates in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats the effects of high or low fat diet with or without soluble fermentable fibre (pectin). 26447990 3 44 theme fat 584:586 arg1 diet 588:591 high fat diet 579:591 high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) 579:617 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 7 45 theme total 1182:1186 arg1 cholesterol 1188:1198 total cholesterol 1182:1198 total cholesterol 1182:1198 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 2 46 theme low 419:421 arg1 diet 427:430 high or low fat diet 411:430 high or low fat diet 411:430 Satiety-inducing ingredients such as dietary fibre may be beneficial and this study investigates in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats the effects of high or low fat diet with or without soluble fermentable fibre (pectin). 26447990 5 47 theme body 956:959 arg1 gain 968:971 body weight gain 956:971 body weight gain 956:971 Caloric intake and body weight gain were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. 26447990 8 48 from concentrations 1373:1386 arg1 liver 1391:1395 liver 1391:1395 liver 1391:1395 Total fat and triglyceride concentrations in liver were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. 26447990 7 49 theme Final 1152:1156 arg1 leptin 1165:1170 Final plasma leptin 1152:1170 Final plasma leptin 1152:1170 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 4 50 theme body 800:803 arg1 weight 805:810 body weight 800:810 body weight 800:810 Food intake, body weight, body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging), plasma hormones, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured. 26447990 3 51 dep diet 588:591 arg1 HF 594:595 HF 594:595 HF; 45% energy from fat 594:616 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 52 theme = 764:764 arg1 n 762:762 n = 8/group/experiment 762:783 n = 8/group/experiment 762:783 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 52 theme = 764:764 arg1 weeks 755:759 4 weeks 753:759 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment) 753:784 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 53 theme % 600:600 arg1 energy 602:607 45% energy 598:607 HF; 45% energy from fat 594:616 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 54 dep HF 594:595 arg1 energy 602:607 45% energy 598:607 HF; 45% energy from fat 594:616 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 4 55 theme plasma 863:868 arg1 hormones 870:877 plasma hormones 863:877 plasma hormones 863:877 Food intake, body weight, body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging), plasma hormones, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured. 26447990 1 56 theme fat 153:155 arg1 diet 157:160 a high fat diet 146:160 a high fat diet 146:160 Consumption of a high fat diet promotes obesity and poor metabolic health, both of which may be improved by decreasing caloric intake. 26447990 9 57 from inclusion 1485:1493 arg1 diet 1539:1542 a high fat (or low fat) diet 1515:1542 a high fat (or low fat) diet 1515:1542 Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. 26447990 3 58 from fat 614:616 arg1 energy 602:607 45% energy 598:607 HF; 45% energy from fat 594:616 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 4 59 theme resonance 843:851 arg1 imaging 853:859 magnetic resonance imaging 834:859 magnetic resonance imaging 834:859 Food intake, body weight, body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging), plasma hormones, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured. 26447990 3 60 theme fat 638:640 arg1 diet 642:645 low fat diet 634:645 low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat) 634:671 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 0 61 theme Obese 119:123 arg1 Rats 125:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 Soluble Fermentable Dietary Fibre (Pectin) Decreases Caloric Intake, Adiposity and Lipidaemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. 26447990 8 62 theme triglyceride 1360:1371 arg1 concentrations 1373:1386 triglyceride concentrations 1360:1386 triglyceride concentrations 1360:1386 Total fat and triglyceride concentrations in liver were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. 26447990 0 63 from Adiposity 69:77 arg1 Rats 125:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 Soluble Fermentable Dietary Fibre (Pectin) Decreases Caloric Intake, Adiposity and Lipidaemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. 26447990 9 64 theme fat 1522:1524 arg1 diet 1539:1542 a high fat (or low fat) diet 1515:1542 a high fat (or low fat) diet 1515:1542 Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. 26447990 3 65 theme male 541:544 arg1 rats 550:553 young adult male DIO rats 529:553 young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) 529:617 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 1 66 theme metabolic 188:196 arg1 health 198:203 poor metabolic health 183:203 poor metabolic health 183:203 Consumption of a high fat diet promotes obesity and poor metabolic health, both of which may be improved by decreasing caloric intake. 26447990 0 67 from Intake 61:66 arg1 Rats 125:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 Soluble Fermentable Dietary Fibre (Pectin) Decreases Caloric Intake, Adiposity and Lipidaemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. 26447990 3 68 theme young 529:533 arg1 rats 550:553 young adult male DIO rats 529:553 young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) 529:617 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 69 with HF 674:675 arg1 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 69 with HF 674:675 arg1 libitum 741:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 69 with HF 674:675 arg1 pectin 690:695 10% w/w pectin 682:695 10% w/w pectin (HF+P) 682:702 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 70 theme w/w 686:688 arg1 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 HF+P 698:701 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 70 theme w/w 686:688 arg1 pectin 690:695 10% w/w pectin 682:695 10% w/w pectin (HF+P) 682:702 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 7 71 theme hormone 1249:1255 arg1 concentrations 1261:1274 plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations 1234:1274 plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations 1234:1274 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 0 72 from Lipidaemia 83:92 arg1 Rats 125:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 Soluble Fermentable Dietary Fibre (Pectin) Decreases Caloric Intake, Adiposity and Lipidaemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. 26447990 9 73 theme increased 1553:1561 arg1 satiety 1563:1569 increased satiety 1553:1569 increased satiety 1553:1569 Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. 26447990 10 74 theme fibre 1723:1727 arg1 potential 1690:1698 the potential 1686:1698 the potential of fermentable dietary fibre for weight loss 1686:1743 These data support the potential of fermentable dietary fibre for weight loss and improving metabolic health in obesity. 26447990 3 75 theme 10 682:683 arg1 % 684:684 % 684:684 % 684:684 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 7 76 theme plasma 1234:1239 arg1 concentrations 1261:1274 plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations 1234:1274 plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations 1234:1274 Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. 26447990 3 77 theme % 654:654 arg1 energy 656:661 10% energy 652:661 10% energy from fat 652:670 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 9 78 theme caloric 1585:1591 arg1 intake 1593:1598 caloric intake 1585:1598 caloric intake 1585:1598 Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. 26447990 2 79 theme Satiety-inducing 266:281 arg1 ingredients 283:293 Satiety-inducing ingredients 266:293 Satiety-inducing ingredients such as dietary fibre 266:315 Satiety-inducing ingredients such as dietary fibre may be beneficial and this study investigates in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats the effects of high or low fat diet with or without soluble fermentable fibre (pectin). 26447990 2 79 theme Satiety-inducing 266:281 arg1 fibre 311:315 fibre 311:315 fibre 311:315 Satiety-inducing ingredients such as dietary fibre may be beneficial and this study investigates in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats the effects of high or low fat diet with or without soluble fermentable fibre (pectin). 26447990 0 80 theme High-Fat 97:104 arg1 Rats 125:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats 97:128 Soluble Fermentable Dietary Fibre (Pectin) Decreases Caloric Intake, Adiposity and Lipidaemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. 26447990 1 81 theme poor 183:186 arg1 health 198:203 poor metabolic health 183:203 poor metabolic health 183:203 Consumption of a high fat diet promotes obesity and poor metabolic health, both of which may be improved by decreasing caloric intake. 26447990 5 82 theme LF+P 1034:1037 arg1 group 1039:1043 the LF+P group 1030:1043 the LF+P group 1030:1043 Caloric intake and body weight gain were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. 26447990 6 83 theme Body 1046:1049 arg1 mass 1055:1058 Body fat mass 1046:1058 Body fat mass 1046:1058 Body fat mass increased in HF, was maintained in LF, but decreased significantly in LF+P and HF+P groups. 26447990 1 84 theme caloric 250:256 arg1 intake 258:263 caloric intake 250:263 caloric intake 250:263 Consumption of a high fat diet promotes obesity and poor metabolic health, both of which may be improved by decreasing caloric intake. 26447990 3 85 theme pectin 724:729 arg1 libitum 741:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 4 86 theme Food 787:790 arg1 intake 792:797 Food intake 787:797 Food intake 787:797 Food intake, body weight, body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging), plasma hormones, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured. 26447990 3 87 theme high 579:582 arg1 diet 588:591 high fat diet 579:591 high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) 579:617 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 88 theme % 718:718 arg1 libitum 741:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 2 89 theme fat 423:425 arg1 diet 427:430 high or low fat diet 411:430 high or low fat diet 411:430 Satiety-inducing ingredients such as dietary fibre may be beneficial and this study investigates in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats the effects of high or low fat diet with or without soluble fermentable fibre (pectin). 26447990 8 90 from fat 1352:1354 arg1 liver 1391:1395 liver 1391:1395 liver 1391:1395 Total fat and triglyceride concentrations in liver were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. 26447990 3 91 theme ad 738:739 arg1 libitum 741:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 3 92 theme LF+P 732:735 arg1 libitum 741:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum 716:747 In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). 26447990 4 93 theme body 813:816 arg1 composition 818:828 body composition 813:828 body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging) 813:860 Food intake, body weight, body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging), plasma hormones, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured. 26447990 5 94 theme weight 961:966 arg1 gain 968:971 body weight gain 956:971 body weight gain 956:971 Caloric intake and body weight gain were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. 26447990 6 95 theme HF+P 1139:1142 arg1 groups 1144:1149 LF+P and HF+P groups 1130:1149 LF+P and HF+P groups 1130:1149 Body fat mass increased in HF, was maintained in LF, but decreased significantly in LF+P and HF+P groups. 25951861 3 0 dep % 327:327 arg1 w/v 330:332 w/v 330:332 w/v 330:332 Strain M-SA3-94T grew optimally at pH 5.0-6.0, 20 °C and in the presence of 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25951861 10 1 theme chemotaxonomic 1275:1288 arg1 data 1290:1293 these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1240:1293 these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1240:1293 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 2 2 dep aerobic 87:93 arg1 rod-shaped 127:136 rod-shaped 127:136 rod-shaped 127:136 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 2 dep aerobic 87:93 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 96:114 Gram-stain-positive 96:114 Gram-stain-positive 96:114 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 2 dep aerobic 87:93 arg1 non-motile 139:148 non-motile 139:148 non-motile 139:148 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 9 3 theme strain 1202:1207 arg1 content 1186:1192 the DNA G+C content 1174:1192 the DNA G+C content of this strain 1174:1207 MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. 25951861 9 3 theme strain 1202:1207 arg1 % 1221:1221 66.7 mol% 1213:1221 66.7 mol% 1213:1221 MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. 25951861 10 4 theme novel 1326:1330 arg1 species 1332:1338 a novel species 1324:1338 a novel species 1324:1338 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 4 5 theme sequence 712:719 arg1 similarity 721:730 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 691:730 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 691:730 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 1 6 theme marine 49:54 arg1 sediment 56:63 marine sediment 49:63 marine sediment 49:63 nov., isolated from marine sediment. 25951861 3 7 theme 1.0  323:326 arg1 % 327:327 % 327:327 % 327:327 Strain M-SA3-94T grew optimally at pH 5.0-6.0, 20 °C and in the presence of 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25951861 10 8 theme Nocardioides 1353:1364 arg1 species 1332:1338 a novel species 1324:1338 a novel species 1324:1338 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 4 9 theme % 696:696 arg1 similarity 721:730 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 691:730 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 691:730 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 10 10 dep data 1290:1293 arg1 basis 1231:1235 basis 1231:1235 basis 1231:1235 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 10 10 dep data 1290:1293 arg1 the 1227:1229 the 1227:1229 the 1227:1229 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 8 11 from acid 1060:1063 arg1 peptidoglycan 1082:1094 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1068:1094 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1068:1094 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 25951861 4 12 theme Phylogenetic 341:352 arg1 analysis 354:361 Phylogenetic analysis 341:361 Phylogenetic analysis 341:361 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 4 13 theme gene 707:710 arg1 similarity 721:730 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 691:730 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 691:730 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 7 14 contain contained 949:957 arg2 phospholipids 1022:1034 three unknown phospholipids 1008:1034 three unknown phospholipids 1008:1034 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unknown phospholipids. 25951861 7 14 contain contained 949:957 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 983:1002 phosphatidylglycerol 983:1002 phosphatidylglycerol 983:1002 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unknown phospholipids. 25951861 7 14 contain contained 949:957 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 959:980 diphosphatidylglycerol 959:980 diphosphatidylglycerol 959:980 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unknown phospholipids. 25951861 7 14 contain contained 949:957 arg1 pattern 941:947 The polar lipid pattern 925:947 The polar lipid pattern 925:947 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unknown phospholipids. 25951861 7 15 theme lipid 935:939 arg1 pattern 941:947 The polar lipid pattern 925:947 The polar lipid pattern 925:947 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unknown phospholipids. 25951861 9 16 theme predominant 1146:1156 arg1 menaquinone 1158:1168 the predominant menaquinone 1142:1168 the predominant menaquinone 1142:1168 MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. 25951861 9 16 theme predominant 1146:1156 arg1 MK-8 1129:1132 MK-8 1129:1132 MK-8(H4) 1129:1136 MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. 25951861 10 17 theme genus 1347:1351 arg1 Nocardioides 1353:1364 the genus Nocardioides 1343:1364 the genus Nocardioides 1343:1364 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 4 18 theme rRNA 702:705 arg1 similarity 721:730 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 691:730 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 691:730 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 0 19 theme antarcticus 13:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Nocardioides antarcticus sp 0:26 Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 0:27 Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 4 20 theme strain 413:418 arg1 M-SA3-94T 420:428 strain M-SA3-94T 413:428 strain M-SA3-94T 413:428 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 10 21 theme name 1381:1384 arg1 sp 1411:1412 the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp 1377:1412 the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp 1377:1412 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 2 22 dep rod-shaped 127:136 arg1 to 124:125 to 124:125 to 124:125 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 5 23 theme published 870:878 arg1 names 880:884 validly published names 862:884 validly published names 862:884 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T were similar to those of members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names. 25951861 0 24 theme Nocardioides 0:11 arg1 sp 25:26 Nocardioides antarcticus sp 0:26 Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 0:27 Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 2 25 theme Strain 66:71 arg1 bacterium 150:158 an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium 84:158 an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium 84:158 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 25 theme Strain 66:71 arg1 M-SA3-94T 73:81 Strain M-SA3-94T 66:81 Strain M-SA3-94T 66:81 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 5 26 with Nocardioides 844:855 arg1 names 880:884 validly published names 862:884 validly published names 862:884 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T were similar to those of members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names. 25951861 4 27 theme 16S 698:700 arg1 similarity 721:730 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 691:730 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 691:730 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 9 28 theme DNA 1178:1180 arg1 content 1186:1192 the DNA G+C content 1174:1192 the DNA G+C content of this strain 1174:1207 MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. 25951861 9 28 theme DNA 1178:1180 arg1 % 1221:1221 66.7 mol% 1213:1221 66.7 mol% 1213:1221 MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. 25951861 3 29 theme % 327:327 arg1 NaCl 335:338 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl 323:338 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl 323:338 Strain M-SA3-94T grew optimally at pH 5.0-6.0, 20 °C and in the presence of 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25951861 3 30 theme Strain 247:252 arg1 M-SA3-94T 254:262 Strain M-SA3-94T 247:262 Strain M-SA3-94T 247:262 Strain M-SA3-94T grew optimally at pH 5.0-6.0, 20 °C and in the presence of 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25951861 4 31 theme 94.7  691:695 arg1 % 696:696 % 696:696 % 696:696 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 5 32 theme chemotaxonomic 752:765 arg1 similar 803:809 similar 803:809 similar 803:809 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T were similar to those of members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names. 25951861 5 32 theme chemotaxonomic 752:765 arg1 properties 767:776 The chemotaxonomic properties 748:776 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T 748:796 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T were similar to those of members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names. 25951861 6 33 theme fatty 897:901 arg1  0 921:922  0 921:922  0 921:922 The major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. 25951861 6 33 theme fatty 897:901 arg1 acid 903:906 The major fatty acid 887:906 The major fatty acid 887:906 The major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. 25951861 4 34 theme gene 382:385 arg1 sequences 387:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 2 35 attach isolated 165:172 arg2 bacterium 150:158 an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium 84:158 an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium 84:158 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 35 attach isolated 165:172 arg2 M-SA3-94T 73:81 Strain M-SA3-94T 66:81 Strain M-SA3-94T 66:81 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 35 attach isolated 165:172 arg1 sediment 190:197 the marine sediment 179:197 the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica 179:244 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 6 36 theme major 891:895 arg1  0 921:922  0 921:922  0 921:922 The major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. 25951861 6 36 theme major 891:895 arg1 acid 903:906 The major fatty acid 887:906 The major fatty acid 887:906 The major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. 25951861 8 37 theme diamino 1052:1058 arg1 ll-2 1100:1103 ll-2 1100:1103 ll-2 1100:1103 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 25951861 8 37 theme diamino 1052:1058 arg1 acid 1060:1063 The diagnostic diamino acid 1037:1063 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1037:1094 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 25951861 4 38 theme rRNA 377:380 arg1 sequences 387:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 5 39 theme strain 781:786 arg1 M-SA3-94T 788:796 strain M-SA3-94T 781:796 strain M-SA3-94T 781:796 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T were similar to those of members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names. 25951861 2 40 theme aerobic 87:93 arg1 bacterium 150:158 an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium 84:158 an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium 84:158 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 40 theme aerobic 87:93 arg1 M-SA3-94T 73:81 Strain M-SA3-94T 66:81 Strain M-SA3-94T 66:81 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 8 41 theme diagnostic 1041:1050 arg1 ll-2 1100:1103 ll-2 1100:1103 ll-2 1100:1103 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 25951861 8 41 theme diagnostic 1041:1050 arg1 acid 1060:1063 The diagnostic diamino acid 1037:1063 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1037:1094 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 25951861 9 42 theme G+C 1182:1184 arg1 content 1186:1192 the DNA G+C content 1174:1192 the DNA G+C content of this strain 1174:1207 MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. 25951861 9 42 theme G+C 1182:1184 arg1 % 1221:1221 66.7 mol% 1213:1221 66.7 mol% 1213:1221 MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. 25951861 2 43 theme cove 209:212 arg1 Antarctica 235:244 Antarctica 235:244 Antarctica 235:244 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 43 theme cove 209:212 arg1 Island 227:232 Ardley cove, King George Island 202:232 Island 227:232 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 43 theme cove 209:212 arg1 King 215:218 King 215:218 King 215:218 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 4 44 theme genus 446:450 arg1 Nocardioides 452:463 the genus Nocardioides 442:463 the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae 442:493 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 5 45 theme M-SA3-94T 788:796 arg1 similar 803:809 similar 803:809 similar 803:809 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T were similar to those of members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names. 25951861 5 45 theme M-SA3-94T 788:796 arg1 properties 767:776 The chemotaxonomic properties 748:776 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T 748:796 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T were similar to those of members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names. 25951861 3 46 theme NaCl 335:338 arg1 presence 311:318 the presence 307:318 the presence of 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl 307:338 Strain M-SA3-94T grew optimally at pH 5.0-6.0, 20 °C and in the presence of 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 25951861 4 47 dep Nocardioides 512:523 arg1 Nocardioides 549:560 Nocardioides 549:560 Nocardioides 549:560 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 4 47 dep Nocardioides 512:523 arg1 Nocardioides 583:594 Nocardioides 583:594 Nocardioides 583:594 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 4 47 dep Nocardioides 512:523 arg1 CL-GY44T 610:617 CL-GY44T 610:617 CL-GY44T 610:617 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 4 47 dep Nocardioides 512:523 arg1 plantarum 525:533 Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) 512:745 Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) 512:745 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 4 47 dep Nocardioides 512:523 arg1 D94-1T 651:656 D94-1T 651:656 D94-1T 651:656 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 2 48 theme Ardley 202:207 arg1 Antarctica 235:244 Antarctica 235:244 Antarctica 235:244 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 48 theme Ardley 202:207 arg1 Island 227:232 Ardley cove, King George Island 202:232 Island 227:232 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 48 theme Ardley 202:207 arg1 King 215:218 King 215:218 King 215:218 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 10 49 theme phylogenetic 1258:1269 arg1 data 1290:1293 these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1240:1293 these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1240:1293 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 5 50 theme genus 838:842 arg1 Nocardioides 844:855 the genus Nocardioides 834:855 the genus Nocardioides with validly published names 834:884 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T were similar to those of members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names. 25951861 4 51 from Nocardioides 452:463 arg1 Nocardioidaceae 479:493 the family Nocardioidaceae 468:493 the family Nocardioidaceae 468:493 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 4 52 theme family 472:477 arg1 Nocardioidaceae 479:493 the family Nocardioidaceae 468:493 the family Nocardioidaceae 468:493 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 7 53 theme unknown 1014:1020 arg1 phospholipids 1022:1034 three unknown phospholipids 1008:1034 three unknown phospholipids 1008:1034 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unknown phospholipids. 25951861 10 54 theme Nocardioides 1386:1397 arg1 sp 1411:1412 the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp 1377:1412 the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp 1377:1412 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 5 55 theme Nocardioides 844:855 arg1 members 823:829 members 823:829 members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names 823:884 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain M-SA3-94T were similar to those of members of the genus Nocardioides with validly published names. 25951861 8 56 theme cell-wall 1072:1080 arg1 peptidoglycan 1082:1094 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1068:1094 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1068:1094 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 25951861 2 57 theme marine 183:188 arg1 sediment 190:197 the marine sediment 179:197 the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica 179:244 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 7 58 theme polar 929:933 arg1 pattern 941:947 The polar lipid pattern 925:947 The polar lipid pattern 925:947 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three unknown phospholipids. 25951861 12 59 theme AB2014053T = LMG 1472:1487 arg1 M-SA3-94T 1452:1460 M-SA3-94T 1452:1460 M-SA3-94T ( = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T) 1452:1495 The type strain is M-SA3-94T ( = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T). 25951861 12 59 theme AB2014053T = LMG 1472:1487 arg1 28254T 1489:1494  = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T 1463:1494  = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T 1463:1494 The type strain is M-SA3-94T ( = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T). 25951861 10 60 theme phenotypic 1246:1255 arg1 data 1290:1293 these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1240:1293 these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data 1240:1293 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 4 61 theme 16S 373:375 arg1 sequences 387:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain M-SA3-94T belonged to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae, clustering with Nocardioides plantarum NCIMB 12834T, Nocardioides ginsengagri BX5-10T, Nocardioides marinquilinus CL-GY44T and Nocardioides lianchengensis D94-1T (with 96.1 %, 95.9 %, 94.5 % and 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25951861 2 62 theme Island 227:232 arg1 sediment 190:197 the marine sediment 179:197 the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica 179:244 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 10 63 theme strain 1296:1301 arg1 M-SA3-94T 1303:1311 strain M-SA3-94T 1296:1311 strain M-SA3-94T 1296:1311 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 12 64 theme  = CCTCC 1463:1470 arg1 M-SA3-94T 1452:1460 M-SA3-94T 1452:1460 M-SA3-94T ( = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T) 1452:1495 The type strain is M-SA3-94T ( = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T). 25951861 12 64 theme  = CCTCC 1463:1470 arg1 28254T 1489:1494  = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T 1463:1494  = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T 1463:1494 The type strain is M-SA3-94T ( = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T). 25951861 2 65 theme George 220:225 arg1 Antarctica 235:244 Antarctica 235:244 Antarctica 235:244 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 65 theme George 220:225 arg1 Island 227:232 Ardley cove, King George Island 202:232 Island 227:232 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 2 65 theme George 220:225 arg1 King 215:218 King 215:218 King 215:218 Strain M-SA3-94T, an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid- to rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment of Ardley cove, King George Island, Antarctica. 25951861 9 66 theme 66.7 mol 1213:1220 arg1 content 1186:1192 the DNA G+C content 1174:1192 the DNA G+C content of this strain 1174:1207 MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. 25951861 9 66 theme 66.7 mol 1213:1220 arg1 % 1221:1221 66.7 mol% 1213:1221 66.7 mol% 1213:1221 MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content of this strain was 66.7 mol%. 25951861 10 67 dep Nocardioides 1386:1397 arg1 antarcticus 1399:1409 antarcticus 1399:1409 antarcticus 1399:1409 On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain M-SA3-94T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides antarcticus sp. 25951861 12 68 theme type 1437:1440 arg1 M-SA3-94T 1452:1460 M-SA3-94T 1452:1460 M-SA3-94T ( = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T) 1452:1495 The type strain is M-SA3-94T ( = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T). 25951861 12 68 theme type 1437:1440 arg1 strain 1442:1447 The type strain 1433:1447 The type strain 1433:1447 The type strain is M-SA3-94T ( = CCTCC AB2014053T = LMG 28254T). 25951861 8 69 theme 6-diaminopimelic 1106:1121 arg1 ll-2 1100:1103 ll-2 1100:1103 ll-2 1100:1103 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 25951861 8 69 theme 6-diaminopimelic 1106:1121 arg1 acid 1123:1126 6-diaminopimelic acid 1106:1126 6-diaminopimelic acid 1106:1126 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 25592265 6 0 theme biogenesis 1120:1129 arg1 mechanisms 1131:1140 interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1101:1140 regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1043:1140 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 7 1 theme Nanoparticle 1160:1171 arg1 analysis 1182:1189 Nanoparticle tracking analysis 1160:1189 Nanoparticle tracking analysis 1160:1189 Nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, as well as protein and lipooligosaccharide quantifications demonstrated that heterologous H. influenzae strains differ in their OMV size and quantity. 25592265 3 2 theme human 526:530 arg1 influenzae 512:521 Haemophilus influenzae 500:521 Haemophilus influenzae 500:521 Additionally, OMVs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. 25592265 3 2 theme human 526:530 arg1 pathogen 532:539 a human pathogen 524:539 a human pathogen of the respiratory tract 524:564 Additionally, OMVs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. 25592265 6 3 theme Semiquantitative 912:927 arg1 analysis 940:947 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis 912:947 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis 912:947 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 7 4 theme heterologous 1303:1314 arg1 strains 1330:1336 heterologous H. influenzae strains 1303:1336 heterologous H. influenzae strains 1303:1336 Nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, as well as protein and lipooligosaccharide quantifications demonstrated that heterologous H. influenzae strains differ in their OMV size and quantity. 25592265 1 5 theme bacteria 256:263 arg1 OM 235:236 OM 235:236 OM 235:236 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 5 theme bacteria 256:263 arg1 membrane 225:232 the outer membrane 215:232 the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 215:263 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 9 6 contain contain 1635:1641 arg2 proteins 1661:1668 vaccine candidate proteins 1643:1668 vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors 1643:1707 Proteomic analysis confirmed that H. influenzae OMVs contain vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors. 25592265 9 6 contain contain 1635:1641 arg2 factors 1701:1707 important virulence factors 1681:1707 vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors 1643:1707 Proteomic analysis confirmed that H. influenzae OMVs contain vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors. 25592265 9 6 contain contain 1635:1641 arg1 OMVs 1630:1633 H. influenzae OMVs 1616:1633 H. influenzae OMVs 1616:1633 Proteomic analysis confirmed that H. influenzae OMVs contain vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors. 25592265 3 7 theme respiratory 548:558 arg1 tract 560:564 the respiratory tract 544:564 the respiratory tract 544:564 Additionally, OMVs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. 25592265 4 8 theme OMV 682:684 arg1 size 686:689 OMV size 682:689 OMV size 682:689 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 4 9 from sorting 663:669 arg1 H. 735:736 H. 735:736 H. 735:736 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 5 10 theme nonencapsulated 873:887 arg1 strains 903:909 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 Thus, this study comprehensively characterized and compared OMVs and OMs derived from heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains. 25592265 9 11 theme vaccine 1643:1649 arg1 proteins 1661:1668 vaccine candidate proteins 1643:1668 vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors 1643:1707 Proteomic analysis confirmed that H. influenzae OMVs contain vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors. 25592265 6 12 theme OMV 1116:1118 arg1 mechanisms 1131:1140 interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1101:1140 regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1043:1140 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 8 13 theme dominant 1510:1517 arg1 phospholipid 1519:1530 the most dominant phospholipid 1501:1530 the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested 1501:1579 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 13 theme dominant 1510:1517 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1460:1483 phosphatidylethanolamine 1460:1483 phosphatidylethanolamine 1460:1483 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 7 14 theme electron 1205:1212 arg1 microscopy 1214:1223 transmission electron microscopy 1192:1223 transmission electron microscopy 1192:1223 Nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, as well as protein and lipooligosaccharide quantifications demonstrated that heterologous H. influenzae strains differ in their OMV size and quantity. 25592265 5 15 theme encapsulated 849:860 arg1 strains 903:909 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 Thus, this study comprehensively characterized and compared OMVs and OMs derived from heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains. 25592265 6 16 theme OM 971:972 arg1 proteins 974:981 certain OM proteins 963:981 certain OM proteins 963:981 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 8 17 theme present 1532:1538 arg1 phospholipid 1519:1530 the most dominant phospholipid 1501:1530 the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested 1501:1579 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 17 theme present 1532:1538 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1460:1483 phosphatidylethanolamine 1460:1483 phosphatidylethanolamine 1460:1483 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 4 18 dep H. 735:736 arg1 influenzae 738:747 H. influenzae 735:747 H. influenzae 735:747 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 4 19 theme OMV 716:718 arg1 composition 720:730 OMV composition 716:730 OMV composition 716:730 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 10 20 theme vaccines 1886:1893 arg1 development 1861:1871 the future development 1850:1871 the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections 1850:1926 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 6 21 theme regulated 1043:1051 arg1 mechanisms 1069:1078 regulated protein sorting mechanisms 1043:1078 regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1043:1140 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 10 22 theme biogenesis 1764:1773 arg1 roles 1797:1801 biological roles 1786:1801 the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs 1739:1809 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 10 22 theme biogenesis 1764:1773 arg1 understanding 1743:1755 the understanding 1739:1755 the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs 1739:1809 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 8 23 from present 1532:1538 arg1 OMVs 1543:1546 OMVs 1543:1546 OMVs 1543:1546 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 23 from present 1532:1538 arg1 OM 1556:1557 the OM 1552:1557 the OM of all strains tested 1552:1579 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 10 24 theme OMV 1876:1878 arg1 vaccines 1886:1893 OMV based vaccines 1876:1893 OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections 1876:1926 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 9 25 theme Proteomic 1582:1590 arg1 analysis 1592:1599 Proteomic analysis 1582:1599 Proteomic analysis 1582:1599 Proteomic analysis confirmed that H. influenzae OMVs contain vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors. 25592265 8 26 theme palmitic 1407:1414 arg1 acid 1416:1419 palmitic acid 1407:1419 palmitic acid 1407:1419 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 26 theme palmitic 1407:1414 arg1 acid 1448:1451 the most abundant fatty acid 1424:1451 the most abundant fatty acid 1424:1451 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 0 27 theme influenzae 77:86 arg1 vesicles 103:110 Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles 65:110 Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles 65:110 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 25592265 8 28 theme strains 1566:1572 arg1 OMVs 1543:1546 OMVs 1543:1546 OMVs 1543:1546 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 28 theme strains 1566:1572 arg1 OM 1556:1557 the OM 1552:1557 the OM of all strains tested 1552:1579 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 0 29 theme membrane 94:101 arg1 vesicles 103:110 Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles 65:110 Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles 65:110 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 25592265 9 30 theme H. 1616:1617 arg1 OMVs 1630:1633 H. influenzae OMVs 1616:1633 H. influenzae OMVs 1616:1633 Proteomic analysis confirmed that H. influenzae OMVs contain vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors. 25592265 8 31 from OMVs 1543:1546 arg1 present 1532:1538 present 1532:1538 present 1532:1538 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 32 theme fatty 1442:1446 arg1 acid 1416:1419 palmitic acid 1407:1419 palmitic acid 1407:1419 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 32 theme fatty 1442:1446 arg1 acid 1448:1451 the most abundant fatty acid 1424:1451 the most abundant fatty acid 1424:1451 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 3 33 theme vaccine 427:433 arg1 OMVs 389:392 OMVs 389:392 OMVs 389:392 Additionally, OMVs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. 25592265 3 33 theme vaccine 427:433 arg1 candidates 435:444 potential vaccine candidates 417:444 potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract 417:564 Additionally, OMVs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. 25592265 7 34 dep H. 1316:1317 arg1 influenzae 1319:1328 H. influenzae 1316:1328 heterologous H. influenzae strains 1303:1336 Nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, as well as protein and lipooligosaccharide quantifications demonstrated that heterologous H. influenzae strains differ in their OMV size and quantity. 25592265 5 35 dep H. 889:890 arg1 influenzae 892:901 H. influenzae 889:901 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 Thus, this study comprehensively characterized and compared OMVs and OMs derived from heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains. 25592265 3 36 theme pathogenic 475:484 arg1 bacteria 486:493 pathogenic bacteria 475:493 pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract 475:564 Additionally, OMVs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. 25592265 1 37 theme Outer 113:117 arg1 OMVs 138:141 OMVs 138:141 OMVs 138:141 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 37 theme Outer 113:117 arg1 vesicles 128:135 Outer membrane vesicles 113:135 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 113:142 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 37 theme Outer 113:117 arg1 particles 172:180 spherical and bilayered particles 148:180 spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 148:263 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 7 38 theme transmission 1192:1203 arg1 microscopy 1214:1223 transmission electron microscopy 1192:1223 transmission electron microscopy 1192:1223 Nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, as well as protein and lipooligosaccharide quantifications demonstrated that heterologous H. influenzae strains differ in their OMV size and quantity. 25592265 6 39 theme sorting 1061:1067 arg1 mechanisms 1069:1078 regulated protein sorting mechanisms 1043:1078 regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1043:1140 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 10 40 theme H. 1903:1904 arg1 infections 1917:1926 H. influenzae infections 1903:1926 H. influenzae infections 1903:1926 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 10 41 theme biological 1786:1795 arg1 roles 1797:1801 biological roles 1786:1801 the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs 1739:1809 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 0 42 theme Comparative 33:43 arg1 characterization 45:60 Comparative characterization 33:60 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 0:111 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 25592265 2 43 contain possess 293:299 arg1 They 266:269 They 266:269 They 266:269 They have been proposed to possess several biological roles in pathogenesis and interbacterial interactions. 25592265 2 43 contain possess 293:299 arg2 roles 320:324 several biological roles 301:324 several biological roles 301:324 They have been proposed to possess several biological roles in pathogenesis and interbacterial interactions. 25592265 9 44 theme important 1681:1689 arg1 factors 1701:1707 important virulence factors 1681:1707 vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors 1643:1707 Proteomic analysis confirmed that H. influenzae OMVs contain vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors. 25592265 7 45 theme OMV 1354:1356 arg1 size 1358:1361 OMV size 1354:1361 OMV size 1354:1361 Nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, as well as protein and lipooligosaccharide quantifications demonstrated that heterologous H. influenzae strains differ in their OMV size and quantity. 25592265 1 46 theme outer 219:223 arg1 OM 235:236 OM 235:236 OM 235:236 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 46 theme outer 219:223 arg1 membrane 225:232 the outer membrane 215:232 the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 215:263 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 4 47 theme fundamental 607:617 arg1 knowledge 619:627 fundamental knowledge 607:627 fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae 607:747 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 6 48 theme mechanisms 1131:1140 arg1 presence 1031:1038 the presence 1027:1038 the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae 1027:1157 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 7 49 theme lipooligosaccharide 1249:1267 arg1 quantifications 1269:1283 lipooligosaccharide quantifications 1249:1283 lipooligosaccharide quantifications 1249:1283 Nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, as well as protein and lipooligosaccharide quantifications demonstrated that heterologous H. influenzae strains differ in their OMV size and quantity. 25592265 2 50 theme interbacterial 346:359 arg1 interactions 361:372 interbacterial interactions 346:372 interbacterial interactions 346:372 They have been proposed to possess several biological roles in pathogenesis and interbacterial interactions. 25592265 4 51 from quantity 695:702 arg1 H. 735:736 H. 735:736 H. 735:736 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 6 52 theme immunoblot 929:938 arg1 analysis 940:947 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis 912:947 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis 912:947 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 7 53 theme H. 1316:1317 arg1 strains 1330:1336 heterologous H. influenzae strains 1303:1336 heterologous H. influenzae strains 1303:1336 Nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, as well as protein and lipooligosaccharide quantifications demonstrated that heterologous H. influenzae strains differ in their OMV size and quantity. 25592265 10 54 dep H. 1903:1904 arg1 influenzae 1906:1915 H. influenzae 1903:1915 H. influenzae infections 1903:1926 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 3 55 theme tract 560:564 arg1 influenzae 512:521 Haemophilus influenzae 500:521 Haemophilus influenzae 500:521 Additionally, OMVs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. 25592265 3 55 theme tract 560:564 arg1 pathogen 532:539 a human pathogen 524:539 a human pathogen of the respiratory tract 524:564 Additionally, OMVs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. 25592265 4 56 from size 686:689 arg1 H. 735:736 H. 735:736 H. 735:736 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 1 57 theme Gram-negative 242:254 arg1 bacteria 256:263 Gram-negative bacteria 242:263 Gram-negative bacteria 242:263 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 58 theme bilayered 162:170 arg1 particles 172:180 spherical and bilayered particles 148:180 spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 148:263 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 58 theme bilayered 162:170 arg1 vesicles 128:135 Outer membrane vesicles 113:135 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 113:142 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 2 59 theme several 301:307 arg1 roles 320:324 several biological roles 301:324 several biological roles 301:324 They have been proposed to possess several biological roles in pathogenesis and interbacterial interactions. 25592265 6 60 attach presence 1031:1038 arg1 H. 1145:1146 H. 1145:1146 H. 1145:1146 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 6 60 attach presence 1031:1038 arg2 mechanisms 1069:1078 regulated protein sorting mechanisms 1043:1078 regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1043:1140 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 6 60 attach presence 1031:1038 arg2 mechanisms 1131:1140 interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1101:1140 regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1043:1140 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 4 61 from biogenesis 643:652 arg1 H. 735:736 H. 735:736 H. 735:736 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 5 62 theme heterologous 836:847 arg1 strains 903:909 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 Thus, this study comprehensively characterized and compared OMVs and OMs derived from heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains. 25592265 4 63 theme protein 655:661 arg1 sorting 663:669 protein sorting 655:669 protein sorting into OMVs 655:679 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 8 64 from OM 1556:1557 arg1 present 1532:1538 present 1532:1538 present 1532:1538 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 10 65 theme future 1854:1859 arg1 development 1861:1871 the future development 1850:1871 the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections 1850:1926 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 1 66 theme membrane 119:126 arg1 OMVs 138:141 OMVs 138:141 OMVs 138:141 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 66 theme membrane 119:126 arg1 vesicles 128:135 Outer membrane vesicles 113:135 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 113:142 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 66 theme membrane 119:126 arg1 particles 172:180 spherical and bilayered particles 148:180 spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 148:263 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 6 67 theme certain 963:969 arg1 proteins 974:981 certain OM proteins 963:981 certain OM proteins 963:981 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 6 68 theme protein 1053:1059 arg1 mechanisms 1069:1078 regulated protein sorting mechanisms 1043:1078 regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1043:1140 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 0 69 theme Haemophilus 65:75 arg1 vesicles 103:110 Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles 65:110 Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles 65:110 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 25592265 10 70 theme based 1880:1884 arg1 vaccines 1886:1893 OMV based vaccines 1876:1893 OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections 1876:1926 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 5 71 theme H. 889:890 arg1 strains 903:909 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 Thus, this study comprehensively characterized and compared OMVs and OMs derived from heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains. 25592265 10 72 from addition 1819:1826 arg1 important 1836:1844 important 1836:1844 important 1836:1844 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 8 73 theme Lipidomic 1377:1385 arg1 analyses 1387:1394 Lipidomic analyses 1377:1394 Lipidomic analyses 1377:1394 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 0 74 theme outer 88:92 arg1 vesicles 103:110 Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles 65:110 Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles 65:110 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 25592265 1 75 theme spherical 148:156 arg1 particles 172:180 spherical and bilayered particles 148:180 spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 148:263 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 75 theme spherical 148:156 arg1 vesicles 128:135 Outer membrane vesicles 113:135 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 113:142 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 6 76 from presence 1031:1038 arg1 H. 1145:1146 H. 1145:1146 H. 1145:1146 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 0 77 theme vesicles 103:110 arg1 characterization 45:60 Comparative characterization 33:60 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 0:111 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 25592265 10 78 from important 1836:1844 arg1 addition 1819:1826 addition 1819:1826 addition 1819:1826 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 9 79 theme influenzae 1619:1628 arg1 OMVs 1630:1633 H. influenzae OMVs 1616:1633 H. influenzae OMVs 1616:1633 Proteomic analysis confirmed that H. influenzae OMVs contain vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors. 25592265 6 80 theme interconnected 1101:1114 arg1 mechanisms 1131:1140 interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1101:1140 regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms 1043:1140 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 8 81 theme abundant 1433:1440 arg1 acid 1416:1419 palmitic acid 1407:1419 palmitic acid 1407:1419 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 81 theme abundant 1433:1440 arg1 acid 1448:1451 the most abundant fatty acid 1424:1451 the most abundant fatty acid 1424:1451 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 0 82 theme vaccine 12:18 arg1 development 20:30 vaccine development 12:30 vaccine development 12:30 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 25592265 4 83 from composition 720:730 arg1 H. 735:736 H. 735:736 H. 735:736 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 9 84 theme candidate 1651:1659 arg1 proteins 1661:1668 vaccine candidate proteins 1643:1668 vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors 1643:1707 Proteomic analysis confirmed that H. influenzae OMVs contain vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors. 25592265 10 85 theme OMV 1760:1762 arg1 biogenesis 1764:1773 OMV biogenesis 1760:1773 OMV biogenesis 1760:1773 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 6 86 theme mechanisms 1069:1078 arg1 presence 1031:1038 the presence 1027:1038 the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae 1027:1157 Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis revealed that certain OM proteins are enriched or excluded in OMVs suggesting the presence of regulated protein sorting mechanisms into OMVs as well as interconnected OMV biogenesis mechanisms in H. influenzae. 25592265 3 87 theme potential 417:425 arg1 OMVs 389:392 OMVs 389:392 OMVs 389:392 Additionally, OMVs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. 25592265 3 87 theme potential 417:425 arg1 candidates 435:444 potential vaccine candidates 417:444 potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract 417:564 Additionally, OMVs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. 25592265 7 88 theme tracking 1173:1180 arg1 analysis 1182:1189 Nanoparticle tracking analysis 1160:1189 Nanoparticle tracking analysis 1160:1189 Nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, as well as protein and lipooligosaccharide quantifications demonstrated that heterologous H. influenzae strains differ in their OMV size and quantity. 25592265 1 89 attach released 201:208 arg2 vesicles 128:135 Outer membrane vesicles 113:135 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) 113:142 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 89 attach released 201:208 arg1 OM 235:236 OM 235:236 OM 235:236 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 89 attach released 201:208 arg1 membrane 225:232 the outer membrane 215:232 the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 215:263 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 1 89 attach released 201:208 arg2 particles 172:180 spherical and bilayered particles 148:180 spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 148:263 Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 25592265 5 90 attach derived 823:829 arg1 strains 903:909 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains 836:909 Thus, this study comprehensively characterized and compared OMVs and OMs derived from heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains. 25592265 5 90 attach derived 823:829 arg2 OMVs 810:813 OMVs 810:813 OMVs 810:813 Thus, this study comprehensively characterized and compared OMVs and OMs derived from heterologous encapsulated as well as nonencapsulated H. influenzae strains. 25592265 9 91 theme virulence 1691:1699 arg1 factors 1701:1707 important virulence factors 1681:1707 vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors 1643:1707 Proteomic analysis confirmed that H. influenzae OMVs contain vaccine candidate proteins as well as important virulence factors. 25592265 4 92 theme knowledge 619:627 arg1 lack 599:602 a lack 597:602 a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae 597:747 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 2 93 theme biological 309:318 arg1 roles 320:324 several biological roles 301:324 several biological roles 301:324 They have been proposed to possess several biological roles in pathogenesis and interbacterial interactions. 25592265 8 94 attach present 1532:1538 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 1460:1483 phosphatidylethanolamine 1460:1483 phosphatidylethanolamine 1460:1483 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 94 attach present 1532:1538 arg1 OMVs 1543:1546 OMVs 1543:1546 OMVs 1543:1546 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 94 attach present 1532:1538 arg2 phospholipid 1519:1530 the most dominant phospholipid 1501:1530 the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested 1501:1579 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 8 94 attach present 1532:1538 arg1 OM 1556:1557 the OM 1552:1557 the OM of all strains tested 1552:1579 Lipidomic analyses identified palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acid, while phosphatidylethanolamine was found to be the most dominant phospholipid present in OMVs and the OM of all strains tested. 25592265 0 95 dep basis 2:6 arg1 characterization 45:60 Comparative characterization 33:60 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 0:111 A basis for vaccine development: Comparative characterization of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. 25592265 4 96 theme OMV 639:641 arg1 biogenesis 643:652 OMV biogenesis 639:652 OMV biogenesis 639:652 Unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding OMV biogenesis, protein sorting into OMVs, OMV size and quantity, as well as OMV composition in H. influenzae. 25592265 10 97 theme OMVs 1806:1809 arg1 roles 1797:1801 biological roles 1786:1801 the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs 1739:1809 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25592265 10 97 theme OMVs 1806:1809 arg1 understanding 1743:1755 the understanding 1739:1755 the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs 1739:1809 These findings contribute to the understanding of OMV biogenesis as well as biological roles of OMVs and, in addition, may be important for the future development of OMV based vaccines against H. influenzae infections. 25589734 12 0 theme  = CCTCC 1511:1518 arg1 A31 1488:1490 A31 1488:1490 A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)) 1488:1533 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 0 theme  = CCTCC 1511:1518 arg1 T 1531:1531 T 1531:1531 T 1531:1531 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 0 theme  = CCTCC 1511:1518 arg1 2014068 1523:1529  = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068 1496:1529  = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T) 1496:1532 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 5 1 theme fatty 465:469 arg1 anteiso-C 423:431 anteiso-C(17 : 0) 423:439 anteiso-C(17 : 0) 423:439 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 5 1 theme fatty 465:469 arg1 acids 471:475 the major cellular fatty acids 446:475 the major cellular fatty acids 446:475 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 5 1 theme fatty 465:469 arg1 Anteiso-C 401:409 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) 401:417 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) 401:417 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 10 2 theme phenotypic 1286:1295 arg1 analysis 1330:1337 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1286:1337 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1286:1337 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 7 3 theme A31 735:737 arg1 % 754:754 70.8 mol% 746:754 70.8 mol% 746:754 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 7 3 theme A31 735:737 arg1 content 717:723 The genomic DNA G+C content 697:723 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) 697:740 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 8 4 theme Sinomonas 866:874 arg1 LC13 883:886 Sinomonas albida LC13 866:886 Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity) 866:908 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 4 theme Sinomonas 866:874 arg1 T 942:942 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 911:1142 T 942:942 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 4 theme Sinomonas 866:874 arg1 T 888:888 T 888:888 T 888:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 4 theme Sinomonas 866:874 arg1 similarity 898:907 98.3% similarity 892:907 98.3% similarity 892:907 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 4 5 theme Strain 285:290 arg1 T 296:296 T 296:296 T 296:296 Strain A31(T) had A3α as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type and galactose, mannose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. 25589734 4 5 theme Strain 285:290 arg1 A31 292:294 Strain A31 285:294 Strain A31(T) 285:297 Strain A31(T) had A3α as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type and galactose, mannose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. 25589734 10 6 theme Sinomonas 1394:1402 arg1 species 1373:1379 a novel species 1365:1379 a novel species 1365:1379 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 9 7 theme relatedness 1211:1221 arg1 values 1223:1228 relatedness values 1211:1228 relatedness values of 16.0-56.6% 1211:1242 DNA-DNA hybridization studies with the new isolate showed relatedness values of 16.0-56.6% with its six closest neighbours. 25589734 3 8 theme 1 270:270 arg1 % 271:271 % 271:271 % 271:271 The organism grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 8.0 and with 1% (w/v) NaCl. 25589734 12 9 theme type 1473:1476 arg1 A31 1488:1490 A31 1488:1490 A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)) 1488:1533 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 9 theme type 1473:1476 arg1 strain 1478:1483 The type strain 1469:1483 The type strain 1469:1483 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 8 10 theme 16S 788:790 arg1 sequences 802:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 11 theme atrocyanea 921:930 arg1 LC13 883:886 Sinomonas albida LC13 866:886 Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity) 866:908 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 11 theme atrocyanea 921:930 arg1 % 1149:1149 96.7% 1145:1149 96.7% 1145:1149 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 11 theme atrocyanea 921:930 arg1 T 942:942 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 911:1142 T 942:942 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 11 theme atrocyanea 921:930 arg1 % 950:950 98.2% 946:950 98.2% 946:950 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 3 12 theme % 271:271 arg1 NaCl 279:282 1% (w/v) NaCl 270:282 1% (w/v) NaCl 270:282 The organism grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 8.0 and with 1% (w/v) NaCl. 25589734 12 13 theme 28245 1503:1507 arg1 A31 1488:1490 A31 1488:1490 A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)) 1488:1533 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 13 theme 28245 1503:1507 arg1 T 1531:1531 T 1531:1531 T 1531:1531 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 13 theme 28245 1503:1507 arg1 2014068 1523:1529  = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068 1496:1529  = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T) 1496:1532 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 7 14 theme DNA 709:711 arg1 % 754:754 70.8 mol% 746:754 70.8 mol% 746:754 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 7 14 theme DNA 709:711 arg1 content 717:723 The genomic DNA G+C content 697:723 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) 697:740 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 8 15 theme 20127 936:940 arg1 LC13 883:886 Sinomonas albida LC13 866:886 Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity) 866:908 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 15 theme 20127 936:940 arg1 % 1149:1149 96.7% 1145:1149 96.7% 1145:1149 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 15 theme 20127 936:940 arg1 T 942:942 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 911:1142 T 942:942 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 15 theme 20127 936:940 arg1 % 950:950 98.2% 946:950 98.2% 946:950 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 9 16 theme % 1242:1242 arg1 values 1223:1228 relatedness values 1211:1228 relatedness values of 16.0-56.6% 1211:1242 DNA-DNA hybridization studies with the new isolate showed relatedness values of 16.0-56.6% with its six closest neighbours. 25589734 8 17 theme gene 797:800 arg1 sequences 802:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 10 18 theme phylogenetic 1317:1328 arg1 analysis 1330:1337 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1286:1337 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1286:1337 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 2 19 from biotite 171:177 arg1 Anhui 190:194 Anhui 190:194 Anhui 190:194 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 2 19 from biotite 171:177 arg1 China 206:210 China 206:210 China 206:210 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 4 20 contain had 299:301 arg2 A3α 303:305 A3α 303:305 A3α as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 303:341 Strain A31(T) had A3α as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type and galactose, mannose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. 25589734 4 20 contain had 299:301 arg1 T 296:296 T 296:296 T 296:296 Strain A31(T) had A3α as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type and galactose, mannose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. 25589734 4 20 contain had 299:301 arg1 A31 292:294 Strain A31 285:294 Strain A31(T) 285:297 Strain A31(T) had A3α as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type and galactose, mannose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. 25589734 4 20 contain had 299:301 arg2 galactose 347:355 galactose 347:355 galactose 347:355 Strain A31(T) had A3α as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type and galactose, mannose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. 25589734 8 21 theme DSM 932:934 arg1 LC13 883:886 Sinomonas albida LC13 866:886 Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity) 866:908 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 21 theme DSM 932:934 arg1 % 1149:1149 96.7% 1145:1149 96.7% 1145:1149 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 21 theme DSM 932:934 arg1 T 942:942 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 911:1142 T 942:942 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 21 theme DSM 932:934 arg1 % 950:950 98.2% 946:950 98.2% 946:950 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 22 theme Sinomonas 1106:1114 arg1 notoginsengisoli 1116:1131 ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 1104:1142 ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 1104:1142 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 1 23 theme weathered 61:69 arg1 biotite 71:77 weathered biotite 61:77 weathered biotite 61:77 nov., isolated from the surface of weathered biotite. 25589734 10 24 theme susongensis 1435:1445 arg1 sp 1447:1448 the name Sinomonas susongensis sp 1416:1448 the name Sinomonas susongensis sp 1416:1448 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 0 25 theme susongensis 10:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Sinomonas susongensis sp 0:23 Sinomonas susongensis sp. 0:24 Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 5 26 theme major 450:454 arg1 anteiso-C 423:431 anteiso-C(17 : 0) 423:439 anteiso-C(17 : 0) 423:439 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 5 26 theme major 450:454 arg1 acids 471:475 the major cellular fatty acids 446:475 the major cellular fatty acids 446:475 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 5 26 theme major 450:454 arg1 Anteiso-C 401:409 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) 401:417 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) 401:417 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 1 27 theme biotite 71:77 arg1 surface 50:56 the surface 46:56 the surface of weathered biotite 46:77 nov., isolated from the surface of weathered biotite. 25589734 7 28 theme genomic 701:707 arg1 % 754:754 70.8 mol% 746:754 70.8 mol% 746:754 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 7 28 theme genomic 701:707 arg1 content 717:723 The genomic DNA G+C content 697:723 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) 697:740 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 6 29 from phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 640:673 arg1 addition 534:541 addition 534:541 addition 534:541 In addition, the total polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four glycolipids. 25589734 0 30 theme Sinomonas 0:8 arg1 sp 22:23 Sinomonas susongensis sp 0:23 Sinomonas susongensis sp. 0:24 Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 5 31 theme cellular 456:463 arg1 anteiso-C 423:431 anteiso-C(17 : 0) 423:439 anteiso-C(17 : 0) 423:439 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 5 31 theme cellular 456:463 arg1 acids 471:475 the major cellular fatty acids 446:475 the major cellular fatty acids 446:475 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 5 31 theme cellular 456:463 arg1 Anteiso-C 401:409 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) 401:417 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) 401:417 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 8 32 dep CW 969:970 arg1 mesophila 1033:1041 mesophila 1033:1041 mesophila 1033:1041 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 33 theme CW 969:970 arg1 % 1057:1057 97.3% 1053:1057 97.3% 1053:1057 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 33 theme CW 969:970 arg1 MPKL 1044:1047 Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 954:1050 Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%) 954:1058 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 12 34 theme  = DSM 1496:1501 arg1 A31 1488:1490 A31 1488:1490 A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)) 1488:1533 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 34 theme  = DSM 1496:1501 arg1 T 1531:1531 T 1531:1531 T 1531:1531 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 34 theme  = DSM 1496:1501 arg1 2014068 1523:1529  = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068 1496:1529  = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T) 1496:1532 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 8 35 theme albida 876:881 arg1 LC13 883:886 Sinomonas albida LC13 866:886 Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity) 866:908 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 35 theme albida 876:881 arg1 T 942:942 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 911:1142 T 942:942 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 35 theme albida 876:881 arg1 T 888:888 T 888:888 T 888:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 35 theme albida 876:881 arg1 similarity 898:907 98.3% similarity 892:907 98.3% similarity 892:907 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 7 36 theme mol 751:753 arg1 % 754:754 70.8 mol% 746:754 70.8 mol% 746:754 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 7 36 theme mol 751:753 arg1 content 717:723 The genomic DNA G+C content 697:723 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) 697:740 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 8 37 theme rRNA 792:795 arg1 sequences 802:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:810 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 2 38 attach isolated 132:139 arg2 actinomycete 88:99 A novel actinomycete 80:99 A novel actinomycete 80:99 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 2 38 attach isolated 132:139 arg1 surface 150:156 the surface 146:156 the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China 146:210 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 8 39 theme Phylogenetic 757:768 arg1 analysis 770:777 Phylogenetic analysis 757:777 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 757:810 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 5 40 theme predominant 498:508 arg1 MK-9 481:484 MK-9 481:484 MK-9(H2) 481:488 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 5 40 theme predominant 498:508 arg1 quinone 522:528 the predominant respiratory quinone 494:528 the predominant respiratory quinone 494:528 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 10 41 theme strain 1340:1345 arg1 A31 1347:1349 strain A31 1340:1349 strain A31(T) 1340:1352 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 10 41 theme strain 1340:1345 arg1 T 1351:1351 T 1351:1351 T 1351:1351 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 2 42 from China 206:210 arg1 surface 150:156 the surface 146:156 the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China 146:210 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 7 43 theme G+C 713:715 arg1 % 754:754 70.8 mol% 746:754 70.8 mol% 746:754 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 7 43 theme G+C 713:715 arg1 content 717:723 The genomic DNA G+C content 697:723 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) 697:740 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 5 44 theme respiratory 510:520 arg1 MK-9 481:484 MK-9 481:484 MK-9(H2) 481:488 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 5 44 theme respiratory 510:520 arg1 quinone 522:528 the predominant respiratory quinone 494:528 the predominant respiratory quinone 494:528 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9(H2) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25589734 9 45 theme DNA-DNA 1153:1159 arg1 studies 1175:1181 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 1153:1181 DNA-DNA hybridization studies with the new isolate 1153:1202 DNA-DNA hybridization studies with the new isolate showed relatedness values of 16.0-56.6% with its six closest neighbours. 25589734 6 46 from phosphatidylglycerol 596:615 arg1 addition 534:541 addition 534:541 addition 534:541 In addition, the total polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four glycolipids. 25589734 6 47 from phosphatidylinositol 618:637 arg1 addition 534:541 addition 534:541 addition 534:541 In addition, the total polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four glycolipids. 25589734 2 48 theme novel 82:86 arg1 actinomycete 88:99 A novel actinomycete 80:99 A novel actinomycete 80:99 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 4 49 theme peptidoglycan 324:336 arg1 type 338:341 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 310:341 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 310:341 Strain A31(T) had A3α as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type and galactose, mannose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. 25589734 9 50 theme hybridization 1161:1173 arg1 studies 1175:1181 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 1153:1181 DNA-DNA hybridization studies with the new isolate 1153:1202 DNA-DNA hybridization studies with the new isolate showed relatedness values of 16.0-56.6% with its six closest neighbours. 25589734 9 51 with studies 1175:1181 arg1 isolate 1196:1202 the new isolate 1188:1202 the new isolate 1188:1202 DNA-DNA hybridization studies with the new isolate showed relatedness values of 16.0-56.6% with its six closest neighbours. 25589734 12 52 theme T 1509:1509 arg1 A31 1488:1490 A31 1488:1490 A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)) 1488:1533 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 52 theme T 1509:1509 arg1 T 1531:1531 T 1531:1531 T 1531:1531 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 52 theme T 1509:1509 arg1 2014068 1523:1529  = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068 1496:1529  = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T) 1496:1532 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 4 53 theme whole-cell 382:391 arg1 sugars 393:398 whole-cell sugars 382:398 whole-cell sugars 382:398 Strain A31(T) had A3α as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type and galactose, mannose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. 25589734 4 54 theme cell-wall 314:322 arg1 type 338:341 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 310:341 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 310:341 Strain A31(T) had A3α as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type and galactose, mannose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. 25589734 6 55 theme polar 554:558 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 572:593 diphosphatidylglycerol 572:593 diphosphatidylglycerol 572:593 In addition, the total polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four glycolipids. 25589734 6 55 theme polar 554:558 arg1 lipids 560:565 the total polar lipids 544:565 the total polar lipids 544:565 In addition, the total polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four glycolipids. 25589734 6 56 from glycolipids 684:694 arg1 addition 534:541 addition 534:541 addition 534:541 In addition, the total polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four glycolipids. 25589734 9 57 theme closest 1257:1263 arg1 neighbours 1265:1274 six closest neighbours 1253:1274 its six closest neighbours 1249:1274 DNA-DNA hybridization studies with the new isolate showed relatedness values of 16.0-56.6% with its six closest neighbours. 25589734 2 58 theme weathered 161:169 arg1 biotite 171:177 weathered biotite 161:177 weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China 161:210 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 2 59 theme biotite 171:177 arg1 surface 150:156 the surface 146:156 the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China 146:210 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 6 60 theme total 548:552 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 572:593 diphosphatidylglycerol 572:593 diphosphatidylglycerol 572:593 In addition, the total polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four glycolipids. 25589734 6 60 theme total 548:552 arg1 lipids 560:565 the total polar lipids 544:565 the total polar lipids 544:565 In addition, the total polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four glycolipids. 25589734 8 61 theme strain 824:829 arg1 T 835:835 T 835:835 T 835:835 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 61 theme strain 824:829 arg1 A31 831:833 strain A31 824:833 strain A31(T) 824:836 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 62 dep T 942:942 arg1 % 1057:1057 97.3% 1053:1057 97.3% 1053:1057 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 62 dep T 942:942 arg1 MPKL 1044:1047 Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 954:1050 Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%) 954:1058 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 62 dep T 942:942 arg1 notoginsengisoli 1116:1131 ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 1104:1142 ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 1104:1142 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 62 dep T 942:942 arg1 % 1097:1097 97.1% 1093:1097 97.1% 1093:1097 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 62 dep T 942:942 arg1 echigonensis 1071:1082 echigonensis 1071:1082 echigonensis 1071:1082 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 62 dep T 942:942 arg1 T 1089:1089 T 1089:1089 T 1089:1089 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 10 63 theme Sinomonas 1425:1433 arg1 sp 1447:1448 the name Sinomonas susongensis sp 1416:1448 the name Sinomonas susongensis sp 1416:1448 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 10 64 theme genus 1388:1392 arg1 Sinomonas 1394:1402 the genus Sinomonas 1384:1402 the genus Sinomonas 1384:1402 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 2 65 from surface 150:156 arg1 Anhui 190:194 Anhui 190:194 Anhui 190:194 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 2 65 from surface 150:156 arg1 China 206:210 China 206:210 China 206:210 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 3 66 dep % 271:271 arg1 w/v 274:276 w/v 274:276 w/v 274:276 The organism grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 8.0 and with 1% (w/v) NaCl. 25589734 10 67 theme name 1420:1423 arg1 sp 1447:1448 the name Sinomonas susongensis sp 1416:1448 the name Sinomonas susongensis sp 1416:1448 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 9 68 theme new 1192:1194 arg1 isolate 1196:1202 the new isolate 1188:1202 the new isolate 1188:1202 DNA-DNA hybridization studies with the new isolate showed relatedness values of 16.0-56.6% with its six closest neighbours. 25589734 12 69 theme AB 1520:1521 arg1 A31 1488:1490 A31 1488:1490 A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)) 1488:1533 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 69 theme AB 1520:1521 arg1 T 1531:1531 T 1531:1531 T 1531:1531 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 12 69 theme AB 1520:1521 arg1 2014068 1523:1529  = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068 1496:1529  = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T) 1496:1532 The type strain is A31(T) ( = DSM 28245(T) = CCTCC AB 2014068(T)). 25589734 6 70 from diphosphatidylglycerol 572:593 arg1 addition 534:541 addition 534:541 addition 534:541 In addition, the total polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four glycolipids. 25589734 10 71 theme chemotaxonomic 1298:1311 arg1 analysis 1330:1337 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1286:1337 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1286:1337 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 8 72 theme % 896:896 arg1 LC13 883:886 Sinomonas albida LC13 866:886 Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity) 866:908 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 72 theme % 896:896 arg1 similarity 898:907 98.3% similarity 892:907 98.3% similarity 892:907 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 2 73 theme strain 113:118 arg1 T 124:124 T 124:124 T 124:124 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 2 73 theme strain 113:118 arg1 A31 120:122 strain A31 113:122 strain A31(T) 113:125 A novel actinomycete, designated strain A31(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered biotite in Susong, Anhui Province, China. 25589734 10 74 theme novel 1367:1371 arg1 species 1373:1379 a novel species 1365:1379 a novel species 1365:1379 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain A31(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas , for which the name Sinomonas susongensis sp. 25589734 7 75 theme strain 728:733 arg1 T 739:739 T 739:739 T 739:739 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 7 75 theme strain 728:733 arg1 A31 735:737 strain A31 728:737 strain A31(T) 728:740 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A31(T) was 70.8 mol%. 25589734 8 76 theme Sinomonas 911:919 arg1 LC13 883:886 Sinomonas albida LC13 866:886 Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity) 866:908 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 76 theme Sinomonas 911:919 arg1 % 1149:1149 96.7% 1145:1149 96.7% 1145:1149 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 76 theme Sinomonas 911:919 arg1 T 942:942 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 911:1142 T 942:942 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25589734 8 76 theme Sinomonas 911:919 arg1 % 950:950 98.2% 946:950 98.2% 946:950 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A31(T) was related most closely to Sinomonas albida LC13(T) (98.3% similarity), Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.2%), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.1%), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (97.8%), 'Sinomonas mesophila' MPKL 26 (97.3%), Sinomonas echigonensis LC10(T) (97.1%) and ' Sinomonas notoginsengisoli ' SYP-B575 (96.7%). 25399311 6 0 from pH 515:516 arg1 range 492:496 The optimal growth range 473:496 The optimal growth range 473:496 The optimal growth range was 25-35 °C, at pH 6.5-9.5 and in the absence of NaCl. 25399311 6 0 from pH 515:516 arg1 °C 508:509 25-35 °C 502:509 25-35 °C 502:509 The optimal growth range was 25-35 °C, at pH 6.5-9.5 and in the absence of NaCl. 25399311 13 1 theme type 1407:1410 arg1 strain 1412:1417 the type strain 1403:1417 the type strain 1403:1417 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 2 theme ATCC 1478:1481 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 2 theme ATCC 1478:1481 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 2 theme ATCC 1478:1481 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 8 3 theme DNA 685:687 arg1 % 729:729 75.3 mol% 721:729 75.3 mol% 721:729 The DNA G + C content of the strain was 75.3 mol%. 25399311 8 3 theme DNA 685:687 arg1 G 689:689 The DNA G + C content 681:701 G 689:689 The DNA G + C content of the strain was 75.3 mol%. 25399311 11 4 theme fatty 1071:1075 arg1 acids 1113:1117 branched-chain saturated acids 1088:1117 branched-chain saturated acids 1088:1117 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 11 4 theme fatty 1071:1075 arg1 acids 1077:1081 The major cellular fatty acids 1052:1081 The major cellular fatty acids 1052:1081 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 13 5 theme NBRC 1541:1544 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 5 theme NBRC 1541:1544 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 5 theme NBRC 1541:1544 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 6 theme novel 1354:1358 arg1 species 1360:1366 a novel species 1352:1366 a novel species 1352:1366 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 5 7 theme GYM 463:465 arg1 agar 467:470 GYM agar 463:470 GYM agar 463:470 G-5(T) formed black-colored colonies on GYM agar. 25399311 11 8 theme major 1056:1060 arg1 acids 1113:1117 branched-chain saturated acids 1088:1117 branched-chain saturated acids 1088:1117 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 11 8 theme major 1056:1060 arg1 acids 1077:1081 The major cellular fatty acids 1052:1081 The major cellular fatty acids 1052:1081 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 4 9 theme initial 395:401 arg1 1968 416:419 1968 416:419 1968 416:419 dictyosporus G-5(T), was not validly named at the time of initial publication (1968). 25399311 4 9 theme initial 395:401 arg1 publication 403:413 initial publication 395:413 initial publication (1968) 395:420 dictyosporus G-5(T), was not validly named at the time of initial publication (1968). 25399311 13 10 dep dictyosporus 1386:1397 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 10 dep dictyosporus 1386:1397 arg1 T 1426:1426 T 1426:1426 T 1426:1426 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 10 dep dictyosporus 1386:1397 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 11 11 theme saturated 1103:1111 arg1 iso-C16:0 1120:1128 iso-C16:0 1120:1128 iso-C16:0 1120:1128 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 11 11 theme saturated 1103:1111 arg1 acids 1113:1117 branched-chain saturated acids 1088:1117 branched-chain saturated acids 1088:1117 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 11 11 theme saturated 1103:1111 arg1 iso-C15:0 1134:1142 iso-C15:0 1134:1142 iso-C15:0 1134:1142 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 11 11 theme saturated 1103:1111 arg1 acids 1077:1081 The major cellular fatty acids 1052:1081 The major cellular fatty acids 1052:1081 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 3 12 theme Geodermatophilus 304:319 arg1 subsp 330:334 Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 304:334 Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 304:334 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium, initially designated Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 25399311 7 13 theme Geodermatophilus 663:678 arg1 members 642:648 members 642:648 members of the genus Geodermatophilus 642:678 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 12 14 theme 16S 1149:1151 arg1 gene 1158:1161 The 16S rRNA gene 1145:1161 The 16S rRNA gene 1145:1161 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 13 15 theme MTCC 1462:1465 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 15 theme MTCC 1462:1465 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 15 theme MTCC 1462:1465 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 8 16 theme mol 726:728 arg1 % 729:729 75.3 mol% 721:729 75.3 mol% 721:729 The DNA G + C content of the strain was 75.3 mol%. 25399311 8 16 theme mol 726:728 arg1 G 689:689 The DNA G + C content 681:701 G 689:689 The DNA G + C content of the strain was 75.3 mol%. 25399311 10 17 theme diagnostic 1034:1043 arg1 galactose 1006:1014 galactose 1006:1014 galactose 1006:1014 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 25399311 10 17 theme diagnostic 1034:1043 arg1 sugar 1045:1049 a diagnostic sugar 1032:1049 a diagnostic sugar 1032:1049 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 25399311 13 18 theme CCUG 1446:1449 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 18 theme CCUG 1446:1449 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 18 theme CCUG 1446:1449 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 10 19 theme polar 822:826 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 840:858 phosphatidylcholine 840:858 phosphatidylcholine 840:858 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 25399311 10 19 theme polar 822:826 arg1 lipids 828:833 The main polar lipids 813:833 The main polar lipids 813:833 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 25399311 12 20 theme % 1180:1180 arg1 identity 1191:1198 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity 1170:1198 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus 1170:1245 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 13 21 theme T 1520:1520 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 21 theme T 1520:1520 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 21 theme T 1520:1520 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 22 dep represent 1342:1350 arg1 dictyosporus 1386:1397 Geodermatophilus dictyosporus 1369:1397 Geodermatophilus dictyosporus 1369:1397 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 22 dep represent 1342:1350 arg1 strain 1412:1417 the type strain 1403:1417 the type strain 1403:1417 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 23 theme = 1523:1523 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 23 theme = 1523:1523 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 23 theme = 1523:1523 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 1 24 theme Geodermatophilus 117:132 arg1 subsp 143:147 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 95:147 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 95:147 nov. to accommodate the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 25399311 13 25 theme strain 1313:1318 arg1 T 1324:1324 T 1324:1324 T 1324:1324 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 25 theme strain 1313:1318 arg1 G-5 1320:1322 strain G-5 1313:1322 strain G-5(T) 1313:1325 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 12 26 theme rRNA 1153:1156 arg1 gene 1158:1161 The 16S rRNA gene 1145:1161 The 16S rRNA gene 1145:1161 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 7 27 theme molecular 573:581 arg1 characteristics 583:597 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics 554:597 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate 554:612 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 13 28 theme = 1508:1508 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 28 theme = 1508:1508 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 28 theme = 1508:1508 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 7 29 theme Chemotaxonomic 554:567 arg1 characteristics 583:597 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics 554:597 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate 554:612 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 13 30 theme 13317 1514:1518 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 30 theme 13317 1514:1518 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 30 theme 13317 1514:1518 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 3 31 theme reaction-positive 216:232 arg1 actinobacterium 266:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium 182:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium 182:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium, initially designated Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 25399311 13 32 theme T 1441:1441 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 32 theme T 1441:1441 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 32 theme T 1441:1441 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 33 theme T 1505:1505 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 33 theme T 1505:1505 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 33 theme T 1505:1505 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 12 34 with identity 1191:1198 arg1 members 1209:1215 the members 1205:1215 the members of the genus Geodermatophilus 1205:1245 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 13 35 theme 234.69 1498:1503 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 35 theme 234.69 1498:1503 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 35 theme 234.69 1498:1503 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 0 36 theme gamma 15:19 arg1 sp 71:72 gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp 15:72 gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp 15:72 Description of gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp. 25399311 14 37 theme INSDC 1561:1565 arg1 HF970584 1587:1594 HF970584 1587:1594 HF970584 1587:1594 The INSDC accession number is HF970584. 25399311 14 37 theme INSDC 1561:1565 arg1 number 1577:1582 The INSDC accession number 1557:1582 The INSDC accession number 1557:1582 The INSDC accession number is HF970584. 25399311 10 38 theme unspecified 940:950 arg1 glycolipid 952:961 one unspecified glycolipid 936:961 one unspecified glycolipid 936:961 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 25399311 6 39 theme growth 485:490 arg1 range 492:496 The optimal growth range 473:496 The optimal growth range 473:496 The optimal growth range was 25-35 °C, at pH 6.5-9.5 and in the absence of NaCl. 25399311 6 39 theme growth 485:490 arg1 °C 508:509 25-35 °C 502:509 25-35 °C 502:509 The optimal growth range was 25-35 °C, at pH 6.5-9.5 and in the absence of NaCl. 25399311 13 40 theme rRNA 1284:1287 arg1 analysis 1303:1310 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1280:1310 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1280:1310 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 9 41 contain contained 750:758 arg1 peptidoglycan 736:748 The peptidoglycan 732:748 The peptidoglycan 732:748 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 25399311 9 41 contain contained 750:758 arg2 acid 780:783 meso-diaminopimelic acid 760:783 meso-diaminopimelic acid 760:783 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 25399311 0 42 theme Geodermatophilus 41:56 arg1 sp 71:72 gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp 15:72 gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp 15:72 Description of gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp. 25399311 13 43 theme T 1489:1489 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 43 theme T 1489:1489 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 43 theme T 1489:1489 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 44 theme sequence 1294:1301 arg1 analysis 1303:1310 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1280:1310 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1280:1310 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 0 45 theme sp 71:72 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp. 0:73 Description of gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp. 25399311 12 46 theme genus 1224:1228 arg1 Geodermatophilus 1230:1245 the genus Geodermatophilus 1220:1245 the genus Geodermatophilus 1220:1245 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 13 47 theme = 1492:1492 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 47 theme = 1492:1492 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 47 theme = 1492:1492 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 48 theme phenotypic 1257:1266 arg1 results 1268:1274 phenotypic results 1257:1274 phenotypic results 1257:1274 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 5 49 theme black-colored 437:449 arg1 colonies 451:458 black-colored colonies 437:458 black-colored colonies 437:458 G-5(T) formed black-colored colonies on GYM agar. 25399311 3 50 theme chemoorganotrophic 247:264 arg1 actinobacterium 266:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium 182:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium 182:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium, initially designated Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 25399311 13 51 theme = 1476:1476 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 51 theme = 1476:1476 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 51 theme = 1476:1476 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 6 52 from °C 508:509 arg1 absence 537:543 the absence 533:543 the absence of NaCl 533:551 The optimal growth range was 25-35 °C, at pH 6.5-9.5 and in the absence of NaCl. 25399311 3 53 theme aerobic 235:241 arg1 actinobacterium 266:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium 182:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium 182:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium, initially designated Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 25399311 11 54 theme cellular 1062:1069 arg1 acids 1113:1117 branched-chain saturated acids 1088:1117 branched-chain saturated acids 1088:1117 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 11 54 theme cellular 1062:1069 arg1 acids 1077:1081 The major cellular fatty acids 1052:1081 The major cellular fatty acids 1052:1081 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 13 55 theme KCC 1525:1527 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 55 theme KCC 1525:1527 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 55 theme KCC 1525:1527 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 56 theme = 1539:1539 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 56 theme = 1539:1539 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 56 theme = 1539:1539 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 57 theme 11558 1467:1471 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 57 theme 11558 1467:1471 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 57 theme 11558 1467:1471 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 4 58 theme publication 403:413 arg1 time 387:390 the time 383:390 the time of initial publication (1968) 383:420 dictyosporus G-5(T), was not validly named at the time of initial publication (1968). 25399311 13 59 theme T 1473:1473 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 59 theme T 1473:1473 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 59 theme T 1473:1473 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 10 60 theme main 817:820 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 840:858 phosphatidylcholine 840:858 phosphatidylcholine 840:858 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 25399311 10 60 theme main 817:820 arg1 lipids 828:833 The main polar lipids 813:833 The main polar lipids 813:833 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 25399311 13 61 theme A-0154 1529:1534 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 61 theme A-0154 1529:1534 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 61 theme A-0154 1529:1534 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 8 62 theme C 693:693 arg1 content 695:701 The DNA G + C content 681:701 content 695:701 The DNA G + C content of the strain was 75.3 mol%. 25399311 13 63 theme T 1457:1457 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 63 theme T 1457:1457 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 63 theme T 1457:1457 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 3 64 theme obscurus 321:328 arg1 subsp 330:334 Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 304:334 Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 304:334 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium, initially designated Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 25399311 13 65 theme T 1536:1536 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 65 theme T 1536:1536 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 65 theme T 1536:1536 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 66 theme = 1460:1460 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 66 theme = 1460:1460 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 66 theme = 1460:1460 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 1 67 theme obscurus 134:141 arg1 subsp 143:147 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 95:147 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 95:147 nov. to accommodate the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 25399311 9 68 theme diagnostic 788:797 arg1 acid 807:810 diagnostic diamino acid 788:810 diagnostic diamino acid 788:810 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 25399311 8 69 theme strain 710:715 arg1 % 729:729 75.3 mol% 721:729 75.3 mol% 721:729 The DNA G + C content of the strain was 75.3 mol%. 25399311 8 69 theme strain 710:715 arg1 G 689:689 The DNA G + C content 681:701 G 689:689 The DNA G + C content of the strain was 75.3 mol%. 25399311 7 70 theme genus 657:661 arg1 Geodermatophilus 663:678 the genus Geodermatophilus 653:678 the genus Geodermatophilus 653:678 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 13 71 theme = 1444:1444 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 71 theme = 1444:1444 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 71 theme = 1444:1444 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 12 72 theme sequence 1182:1189 arg1 identity 1191:1198 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity 1170:1198 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus 1170:1245 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 13 73 theme 62970 1451:1455 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 73 theme 62970 1451:1455 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 73 theme 62970 1451:1455 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 11 74 theme branched-chain 1088:1101 arg1 iso-C16:0 1120:1128 iso-C16:0 1120:1128 iso-C16:0 1120:1128 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 11 74 theme branched-chain 1088:1101 arg1 acids 1113:1117 branched-chain saturated acids 1088:1117 branched-chain saturated acids 1088:1117 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 11 74 theme branched-chain 1088:1101 arg1 iso-C15:0 1134:1142 iso-C15:0 1134:1142 iso-C15:0 1134:1142 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 11 74 theme branched-chain 1088:1101 arg1 acids 1077:1081 The major cellular fatty acids 1052:1081 The major cellular fatty acids 1052:1081 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25399311 9 75 theme meso-diaminopimelic 760:778 arg1 acid 780:783 meso-diaminopimelic acid 760:783 meso-diaminopimelic acid 760:783 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 25399311 1 76 dep validly 103:109 arg1 not 99:101 not 99:101 not 99:101 nov. to accommodate the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 25399311 9 77 theme diamino 799:805 arg1 acid 807:810 diagnostic diamino acid 788:810 diagnostic diamino acid 788:810 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 25399311 12 78 theme 94.8-98.4 1170:1178 arg1 % 1180:1180 % 1180:1180 % 1180:1180 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 7 79 theme isolate 606:612 arg1 characteristics 583:597 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics 554:597 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate 554:612 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 4 80 theme dictyosporus 337:348 arg1 G-5 350:352 dictyosporus G-5 337:352 dictyosporus G-5 337:352 dictyosporus G-5(T), was not validly named at the time of initial publication (1968). 25399311 4 80 theme dictyosporus 337:348 arg1 T 354:354 T 354:354 T 354:354 dictyosporus G-5(T), was not validly named at the time of initial publication (1968). 25399311 6 81 theme NaCl 548:551 arg1 absence 537:543 the absence 533:543 the absence of NaCl 533:551 The optimal growth range was 25-35 °C, at pH 6.5-9.5 and in the absence of NaCl. 25399311 3 82 theme radiation-resistant 190:208 arg1 actinobacterium 266:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium 182:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium 182:280 A gamma radiation-resistant, Gram reaction-positive, aerobic and chemoorganotrophic actinobacterium, initially designated Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 25399311 0 83 theme radiation-resistant 21:39 arg1 sp 71:72 gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp 15:72 gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp 15:72 Description of gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp. 25399311 14 84 theme accession 1567:1575 arg1 HF970584 1587:1594 HF970584 1587:1594 HF970584 1587:1594 The INSDC accession number is HF970584. 25399311 14 84 theme accession 1567:1575 arg1 number 1577:1582 The INSDC accession number 1557:1582 The INSDC accession number 1557:1582 The INSDC accession number is HF970584. 25399311 1 85 theme named 111:115 arg1 subsp 143:147 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 95:147 the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp 95:147 nov. to accommodate the not validly named Geodermatophilus obscurus subsp. 25399311 13 86 theme 16S 1280:1282 arg1 analysis 1303:1310 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1280:1310 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1280:1310 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 0 87 theme dictyosporus 58:69 arg1 sp 71:72 gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp 15:72 gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp 15:72 Description of gamma radiation-resistant Geodermatophilus dictyosporus sp. 25399311 6 88 theme optimal 477:483 arg1 range 492:496 The optimal growth range 473:496 The optimal growth range 473:496 The optimal growth range was 25-35 °C, at pH 6.5-9.5 and in the absence of NaCl. 25399311 6 88 theme optimal 477:483 arg1 °C 508:509 25-35 °C 502:509 25-35 °C 502:509 The optimal growth range was 25-35 °C, at pH 6.5-9.5 and in the absence of NaCl. 25399311 13 89 theme gene 1289:1292 arg1 analysis 1303:1310 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1280:1310 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1280:1310 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 90 theme =DSM 1430:1433 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 90 theme =DSM 1430:1433 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 90 theme =DSM 1430:1433 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 12 91 theme Geodermatophilus 1230:1245 arg1 members 1209:1215 the members 1205:1215 the members of the genus Geodermatophilus 1205:1245 The 16S rRNA gene showed 94.8-98.4 % sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 25399311 2 92 dep dictyosporus 150:161 arg1 Luedemann 164:172 Luedemann 164:172 Luedemann 164:172 dictyosporus (Luedemann, 1968). 25399311 13 93 theme IFO 1510:1512 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 93 theme IFO 1510:1512 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 93 theme IFO 1510:1512 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 94 theme CBS 1494:1496 arg1 G-5 1422:1424 G-5 1422:1424 G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)) 1422:1554 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 94 theme CBS 1494:1496 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 13 94 theme CBS 1494:1496 arg1 13317 1546:1550 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 =DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T) 1430:1553 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus dictyosporus and the type strain is G-5(T) (=DSM 43161(T) = CCUG 62970(T) = MTCC 11558(T) = ATCC 25080(T) = CBS 234.69(T) = IFO 13317(T) = KCC A-0154(T) = NBRC 13317(T)). 25399311 10 95 theme dominant 981:988 arg1 menaquinone 990:1000 the dominant menaquinone 977:1000 the dominant menaquinone 977:1000 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 25399311 10 95 theme dominant 981:988 arg1 MK-9 964:967 MK-9 964:967 MK-9(H4) 964:971 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. 25282412 6 0 theme corn 862:865 arg1 silage 867:872 ND corn silage 859:872 ND corn silage 859:872 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 6 0 theme corn 862:865 arg1 sole 881:884 sole 881:884 sole 881:884 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 9 1 theme total 1309:1313 arg1 nutrients 1326:1334 total digestible nutrients 1309:1334 total digestible nutrients 1309:1334 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 5 2 dep TMR 696:698 arg1 BM40 707:710 BM40 707:710 BM40 707:710 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 2 dep TMR 696:698 arg1 ND40 717:720 ND40 717:720 ND40 717:720 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 3 3 theme cows 593:596 arg1 pens 583:586 16 pens 580:586 16 pens of 8 cows each 580:601 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows (105 ± 38 d in milk) were stratified by breed and parity and randomly assigned to 16 pens of 8 cows each. 25282412 15 4 theme Nutridense 2176:2185 arg1 silage 2192:2197 Nutridense corn silage 2176:2197 Nutridense corn silage 2176:2197 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 15 4 theme Nutridense 2176:2185 arg1 alternative 2212:2222 a viable alternative 2203:2222 a viable alternative to both DP and BM 2203:2240 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 9 5 theme nutrients 1326:1334 arg1 % 1304:1304 73.2% 1300:1304 73.2% of total digestible nutrients 1300:1334 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 9 5 theme nutrients 1326:1334 arg1 TDN 1337:1339 TDN 1337:1339 TDN 1337:1339 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 9 5 theme nutrients 1326:1334 arg1 nutrients 1326:1334 total digestible nutrients 1309:1334 total digestible nutrients 1309:1334 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 7 6 theme DP40 1036:1039 arg1 proportions 1021:1031 equal proportions 1015:1031 equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40 1015:1055 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period preceded the treatment period, with all pens receiving a TMR with equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 10 7 theme lactose 1519:1525 arg1 yields 1527:1532 greater protein and lactose yields 1499:1532 yields 1527:1532 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 15 8 theme lactation 2270:2278 arg1 performance 2280:2290 lactation performance 2270:2290 lactation performance 2270:2290 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 11 9 theme milk 1600:1603 arg1 yields 1605:1610 component-corrected milk yields 1580:1610 component-corrected milk yields 1580:1610 No differences in intake, component-corrected milk yields, or feed efficiency were detected between DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 6 10 theme DM 903:904 arg1 ND65 907:910 ND65 907:910 ND65 907:910 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 6 10 theme DM 903:904 arg1 DM 903:904 DM 903:904 DM (ND65) 903:911 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 6 10 theme DM 903:904 arg1 % 898:898 65% 896:898 65% of DM (ND65) 896:911 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 7 11 with TMR 1006:1008 arg1 proportions 1021:1031 equal proportions 1015:1031 equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40 1015:1055 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period preceded the treatment period, with all pens receiving a TMR with equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 9 12 theme nutridense 1146:1155 arg1 silage 1162:1167 nutridense corn silage 1146:1167 nutridense corn silage 1146:1167 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 12 13 theme Milk 1676:1679 arg1 differences 1687:1697 Milk yield differences 1676:1697 Milk yield differences 1676:1697 Milk yield differences may be due to increased starch intake for ND40 and increased digestible NDF intake for BM40 compared with DP40. 25282412 3 14 theme × 484:484 arg1 cows 493:496 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows 437:496 cows 493:496 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows (105 ± 38 d in milk) were stratified by breed and parity and randomly assigned to 16 pens of 8 cows each. 25282412 5 15 from % 801:801 arg1 hybrid 788:793 the respective corn silage hybrid 761:793 the respective corn silage hybrid 761:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 16 theme total 675:679 arg1 rations 687:693 Three treatment total mixed rations 659:693 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) 659:721 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 9 17 theme greater 1173:1179 arg1 starch 1181:1186 greater starch 1173:1186 greater starch 1173:1186 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 2 18 from concentration 410:422 arg1 diet 431:434 the diet 427:434 the diet 427:434 A secondary objective was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed NutriDense corn silage at a higher concentration in the diet. 25282412 14 19 theme increased 2145:2153 arg1 fill 2161:2164 increased rumen fill 2145:2164 increased rumen fill for ND65 2145:2173 Feeding ND65 reduced intake, and thus milk and component yields, compared with ND40 due to either increased ruminal starch digestibility or increased rumen fill for ND65. 25282412 15 20 theme corn 2320:2323 arg1 silage 2325:2330 nutridense corn silage 2309:2330 nutridense corn silage 2309:2330 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 9 21 theme neutral 1198:1204 arg1 content 1228:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 9 22 theme lower 1192:1196 arg1 content 1228:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 9 23 dep BM40 1355:1358 arg1 % 1374:1374 71.9 and 71.4% 1361:1374 % 1374:1374 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 5 24 theme mixed 681:685 arg1 rations 687:693 Three treatment total mixed rations 659:693 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) 659:721 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 9 25 theme fiber 1216:1220 arg1 content 1228:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 14 26 theme ruminal 2113:2119 arg1 digestibility 2128:2140 increased ruminal starch digestibility 2103:2140 increased ruminal starch digestibility 2103:2140 Feeding ND65 reduced intake, and thus milk and component yields, compared with ND40 due to either increased ruminal starch digestibility or increased rumen fill for ND65. 25282412 2 27 theme higher 403:408 arg1 concentration 410:422 a higher concentration 401:422 a higher concentration in the diet 401:434 A secondary objective was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed NutriDense corn silage at a higher concentration in the diet. 25282412 0 28 theme Holstein 65:72 arg1 cows 80:83 Holstein dairy cows 65:83 Holstein dairy cows 65:83 Influence of corn silage hybrid type on lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows. 25282412 1 29 theme same 263:266 arg1 concentration 268:280 the same concentration 259:280 the same concentration in the diets 259:293 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25282412 1 30 theme lactation 139:147 arg1 performance 149:159 lactation performance 139:159 lactation performance 139:159 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25282412 6 31 contain had 855:857 arg2 sole 881:884 sole 881:884 sole 881:884 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 6 31 contain had 855:857 arg1 TMR 851:853 The fourth treatment TMR 830:853 The fourth treatment TMR 830:853 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 6 31 contain had 855:857 arg2 silage 867:872 ND corn silage 859:872 ND corn silage 859:872 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 13 32 theme digestible 1973:1982 arg1 intake 1988:1993 higher digestible NDF intake 1966:1993 higher digestible NDF intake 1966:1993 Intake and milk yield and composition were similar for ND40 compared with BM40, possibly due to counteracting effects of higher starch intake for ND40 and higher digestible NDF intake for BM40. 25282412 7 33 theme adjustment 931:940 arg1 period 942:947 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period 914:947 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period 914:947 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period preceded the treatment period, with all pens receiving a TMR with equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 13 34 theme intake 1988:1993 arg1 effects 1921:1927 effects 1921:1927 effects of higher starch intake for ND40 and higher digestible NDF intake for BM40 1921:2002 Intake and milk yield and composition were similar for ND40 compared with BM40, possibly due to counteracting effects of higher starch intake for ND40 and higher digestible NDF intake for BM40. 25282412 5 35 theme dry 740:742 arg1 DM 752:753 DM 752:753 DM 752:753 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 35 theme dry 740:742 arg1 matter 744:749 dry matter 740:749 dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid 740:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 7 36 theme 2-wk 916:919 arg1 period 942:947 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period 914:947 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period 914:947 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period preceded the treatment period, with all pens receiving a TMR with equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 5 37 theme corn 776:779 arg1 hybrid 788:793 the respective corn silage hybrid 761:793 the respective corn silage hybrid 761:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 1 38 theme study 116:120 arg1 objective 98:106 The primary objective 86:106 The primary objective of this study 86:120 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25282412 8 39 theme covariate 1072:1080 arg1 period 1082:1087 the covariate period 1068:1087 the covariate period 1068:1087 Following the covariate period, cows were fed their assigned treatment diets for 11 wk. 25282412 2 40 theme secondary 298:306 arg1 objective 308:316 A secondary objective 296:316 A secondary objective 296:316 A secondary objective was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed NutriDense corn silage at a higher concentration in the diet. 25282412 5 41 theme treatment 665:673 arg1 rations 687:693 Three treatment total mixed rations 659:693 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) 659:721 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 1 42 theme brown 218:222 arg1 BM 232:233 BM 232:233 BM 232:233 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25282412 1 42 theme brown 218:222 arg1 midrib 224:229 brown midrib 218:229 brown midrib (BM) 218:234 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25282412 6 43 theme fourth 834:839 arg1 TMR 851:853 The fourth treatment TMR 830:853 The fourth treatment TMR 830:853 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 2 44 theme dairy 360:364 arg1 cows 366:369 dairy cows 360:369 dairy cows fed NutriDense corn silage at a higher concentration in the diet 360:434 A secondary objective was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed NutriDense corn silage at a higher concentration in the diet. 25282412 0 45 theme corn 13:16 arg1 type 32:35 corn silage hybrid type 13:35 corn silage hybrid type 13:35 Influence of corn silage hybrid type on lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows. 25282412 1 46 theme primary 90:96 arg1 objective 98:106 The primary objective 86:106 The primary objective of this study 86:120 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25282412 10 47 contain had 1495:1497 arg2 yields 1527:1532 greater protein and lactose yields 1499:1532 yields 1527:1532 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 10 47 contain had 1495:1497 arg2 protein 1507:1513 greater protein and lactose yields 1499:1532 protein 1507:1513 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 10 47 contain had 1495:1497 arg1 ND40 1452:1455 ND40 1452:1455 ND40 1452:1455 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 1 48 from concentration 268:280 arg1 diets 289:293 the diets 285:293 the diets 285:293 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25282412 0 49 theme hybrid 25:30 arg1 type 32:35 corn silage hybrid type 13:35 corn silage hybrid type 13:35 Influence of corn silage hybrid type on lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows. 25282412 12 50 theme starch 1723:1728 arg1 intake 1730:1735 increased starch intake 1713:1735 increased starch intake for ND40 1713:1744 Milk yield differences may be due to increased starch intake for ND40 and increased digestible NDF intake for BM40 compared with DP40. 25282412 7 51 theme equal 1015:1019 arg1 proportions 1021:1031 equal proportions 1015:1031 equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40 1015:1055 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period preceded the treatment period, with all pens receiving a TMR with equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 2 52 theme corn 386:389 arg1 silage 391:396 NutriDense corn silage 375:396 NutriDense corn silage 375:396 A secondary objective was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed NutriDense corn silage at a higher concentration in the diet. 25282412 7 53 theme treatment 962:970 arg1 period 972:977 the treatment period 958:977 the treatment period 958:977 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period preceded the treatment period, with all pens receiving a TMR with equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 12 54 theme digestible 1760:1769 arg1 intake 1775:1780 increased digestible NDF intake 1750:1780 increased digestible NDF intake for BM40 compared with DP40 1750:1808 Milk yield differences may be due to increased starch intake for ND40 and increased digestible NDF intake for BM40 compared with DP40. 25282412 3 55 dep cows 593:596 arg1 each 598:601 each 598:601 each 598:601 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows (105 ± 38 d in milk) were stratified by breed and parity and randomly assigned to 16 pens of 8 cows each. 25282412 9 56 theme greater 1276:1282 arg1 content 1291:1297 greater energy content 1276:1297 greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively) 1276:1393 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 10 57 theme milk 1480:1483 arg1 yield 1485:1489 greater milk yield 1472:1489 greater milk yield 1472:1489 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 8 58 theme treatment 1119:1127 arg1 diets 1129:1133 their assigned treatment diets 1104:1133 their assigned treatment diets 1104:1133 Following the covariate period, cows were fed their assigned treatment diets for 11 wk. 25282412 13 59 theme starch 1939:1944 arg1 intake 1946:1951 higher starch intake 1932:1951 higher starch intake for ND40 1932:1960 Intake and milk yield and composition were similar for ND40 compared with BM40, possibly due to counteracting effects of higher starch intake for ND40 and higher digestible NDF intake for BM40. 25282412 5 60 dep rations 687:693 arg1 TMR 696:698 TMR 696:698 TMR 696:698 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 10 61 contain have 1467:1470 arg2 yield 1485:1489 greater milk yield 1472:1489 greater milk yield 1472:1489 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 10 61 contain have 1467:1470 arg1 ND40 1452:1455 ND40 1452:1455 ND40 1452:1455 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 10 62 theme greater 1499:1505 arg1 protein 1507:1513 greater protein and lactose yields 1499:1532 protein 1507:1513 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 6 63 theme ND 859:860 arg1 silage 867:872 ND corn silage 859:872 ND corn silage 859:872 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 6 63 theme ND 859:860 arg1 sole 881:884 sole 881:884 sole 881:884 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 13 64 theme intake 1946:1951 arg1 effects 1921:1927 effects 1921:1927 effects of higher starch intake for ND40 and higher digestible NDF intake for BM40 1921:2002 Intake and milk yield and composition were similar for ND40 compared with BM40, possibly due to counteracting effects of higher starch intake for ND40 and higher digestible NDF intake for BM40. 25282412 9 65 theme digestible 1315:1324 arg1 nutrients 1326:1334 total digestible nutrients 1309:1334 total digestible nutrients 1309:1334 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 5 66 theme silage 781:786 arg1 hybrid 788:793 the respective corn silage hybrid 761:793 the respective corn silage hybrid 761:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 11 67 from differences 1557:1567 arg1 yields 1605:1610 component-corrected milk yields 1580:1610 component-corrected milk yields 1580:1610 No differences in intake, component-corrected milk yields, or feed efficiency were detected between DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 11 67 from differences 1557:1567 arg1 efficiency 1621:1630 feed efficiency 1616:1630 feed efficiency 1616:1630 No differences in intake, component-corrected milk yields, or feed efficiency were detected between DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 11 67 from differences 1557:1567 arg1 intake 1572:1577 intake 1572:1577 intake 1572:1577 No differences in intake, component-corrected milk yields, or feed efficiency were detected between DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 11 68 theme component-corrected 1580:1598 arg1 yields 1605:1610 component-corrected milk yields 1580:1610 component-corrected milk yields 1580:1610 No differences in intake, component-corrected milk yields, or feed efficiency were detected between DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 15 69 theme corn 2187:2190 arg1 silage 2192:2197 Nutridense corn silage 2176:2197 Nutridense corn silage 2176:2197 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 15 69 theme corn 2187:2190 arg1 alternative 2212:2222 a viable alternative 2203:2222 a viable alternative to both DP and BM 2203:2240 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 14 70 theme Feeding 2005:2011 arg1 ND65 2013:2016 Feeding ND65 2005:2016 Feeding ND65 2005:2016 Feeding ND65 reduced intake, and thus milk and component yields, compared with ND40 due to either increased ruminal starch digestibility or increased rumen fill for ND65. 25282412 1 71 theme silage 241:246 arg1 hybrids 248:254 corn silage hybrids 236:254 corn silage hybrids 236:254 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25282412 3 72 theme Jersey 486:491 arg1 cows 493:496 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows 437:496 cows 493:496 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows (105 ± 38 d in milk) were stratified by breed and parity and randomly assigned to 16 pens of 8 cows each. 25282412 5 73 from hybrid 788:793 arg1 DM 752:753 DM 752:753 DM 752:753 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 73 from hybrid 788:793 arg1 % 735:735 40% 733:735 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid 733:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 73 from hybrid 788:793 arg1 matter 744:749 dry matter 740:749 dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid 740:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 73 from hybrid 788:793 arg1 DM 806:807 DM 806:807 DM 806:807 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 73 from hybrid 788:793 arg1 % 801:801 20% 799:801 20% of DM 799:807 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 1 74 theme dairy 164:168 arg1 cows 170:173 dairy cows 164:173 dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets 164:293 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25282412 15 75 theme DM 2257:2258 arg1 % 2247:2247 40% 2245:2247 40% of diet DM 2245:2258 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 15 75 theme DM 2257:2258 arg1 DM 2257:2258 diet DM 2252:2258 diet DM 2252:2258 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 3 76 theme Holstein 475:482 arg1 cows 493:496 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows 437:496 cows 493:496 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows (105 ± 38 d in milk) were stratified by breed and parity and randomly assigned to 16 pens of 8 cows each. 25282412 9 77 theme corn 1157:1160 arg1 silage 1162:1167 nutridense corn silage 1146:1167 nutridense corn silage 1146:1167 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 9 78 theme NDF 1223:1225 arg1 content 1228:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 9 79 dep % 1374:1374 arg1 TDN 1376:1378 TDN 1376:1378 71.9 and 71.4% TDN 1361:1378 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 3 80 theme ± 503:503 arg1 d 508:508 105 ± 38 d 499:508 105 ± 38 d in milk 499:516 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows (105 ± 38 d in milk) were stratified by breed and parity and randomly assigned to 16 pens of 8 cows each. 25282412 9 81 dep content 1291:1297 arg1 % 1304:1304 73.2% 1300:1304 73.2% of total digestible nutrients 1300:1334 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 9 81 dep content 1291:1297 arg1 TDN 1337:1339 TDN 1337:1339 TDN 1337:1339 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 9 81 dep content 1291:1297 arg1 nutrients 1326:1334 total digestible nutrients 1309:1334 total digestible nutrients 1309:1334 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 0 82 from Influence 0:8 arg1 performance 50:60 lactation performance 40:60 lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows 40:83 Influence of corn silage hybrid type on lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows. 25282412 14 83 theme rumen 2155:2159 arg1 fill 2161:2164 increased rumen fill 2145:2164 increased rumen fill for ND65 2145:2173 Feeding ND65 reduced intake, and thus milk and component yields, compared with ND40 due to either increased ruminal starch digestibility or increased rumen fill for ND65. 25282412 9 84 theme 71.9 1361:1364 arg1 % 1374:1374 71.9 and 71.4% 1361:1374 % 1374:1374 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 15 85 theme nutridense 2309:2318 arg1 silage 2325:2330 nutridense corn silage 2309:2330 nutridense corn silage 2309:2330 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 6 86 dep sole 881:884 arg1 forage 886:891 forage 886:891 forage at 65% of DM (ND65) 886:911 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 3 87 dep Holstein 462:469 arg1 d 508:508 105 ± 38 d 499:508 105 ± 38 d in milk 499:516 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows (105 ± 38 d in milk) were stratified by breed and parity and randomly assigned to 16 pens of 8 cows each. 25282412 9 88 theme 71.4 1370:1373 arg1 % 1374:1374 71.9 and 71.4% 1361:1374 % 1374:1374 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 5 89 contain contained 723:731 arg1 rations 687:693 Three treatment total mixed rations 659:693 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) 659:721 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 89 contain contained 723:731 arg2 DM 806:807 DM 806:807 DM 806:807 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 89 contain contained 723:731 arg2 matter 744:749 dry matter 740:749 dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid 740:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 89 contain contained 723:731 arg2 % 735:735 40% 733:735 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid 733:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 89 contain contained 723:731 arg2 DM 752:753 DM 752:753 DM 752:753 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 89 contain contained 723:731 arg2 % 801:801 20% 799:801 20% of DM 799:807 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 9 90 theme detergent 1206:1214 arg1 content 1228:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 14 91 theme starch 2121:2126 arg1 digestibility 2128:2140 increased ruminal starch digestibility 2103:2140 increased ruminal starch digestibility 2103:2140 Feeding ND65 reduced intake, and thus milk and component yields, compared with ND40 due to either increased ruminal starch digestibility or increased rumen fill for ND65. 25282412 7 92 theme ND40 1052:1055 arg1 proportions 1021:1031 equal proportions 1015:1031 equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40 1015:1055 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period preceded the treatment period, with all pens receiving a TMR with equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 15 93 theme viable 2205:2210 arg1 silage 2192:2197 Nutridense corn silage 2176:2197 Nutridense corn silage 2176:2197 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 15 93 theme viable 2205:2210 arg1 alternative 2212:2222 a viable alternative 2203:2222 a viable alternative to both DP and BM 2203:2240 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 0 94 theme dairy 74:78 arg1 cows 80:83 Holstein dairy cows 65:83 Holstein dairy cows 65:83 Influence of corn silage hybrid type on lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows. 25282412 13 95 theme milk 1822:1825 arg1 yield 1827:1831 milk yield 1822:1831 milk yield 1822:1831 Intake and milk yield and composition were similar for ND40 compared with BM40, possibly due to counteracting effects of higher starch intake for ND40 and higher digestible NDF intake for BM40. 25282412 14 96 theme increased 2103:2111 arg1 digestibility 2128:2140 increased ruminal starch digestibility 2103:2140 increased ruminal starch digestibility 2103:2140 Feeding ND65 reduced intake, and thus milk and component yields, compared with ND40 due to either increased ruminal starch digestibility or increased rumen fill for ND65. 25282412 7 97 theme covariate 921:929 arg1 period 942:947 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period 914:947 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period 914:947 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period preceded the treatment period, with all pens receiving a TMR with equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 12 98 theme increased 1713:1721 arg1 intake 1730:1735 increased starch intake 1713:1735 increased starch intake for ND40 1713:1744 Milk yield differences may be due to increased starch intake for ND40 and increased digestible NDF intake for BM40 compared with DP40. 25282412 13 99 theme NDF 1984:1986 arg1 intake 1988:1993 higher digestible NDF intake 1966:1993 higher digestible NDF intake 1966:1993 Intake and milk yield and composition were similar for ND40 compared with BM40, possibly due to counteracting effects of higher starch intake for ND40 and higher digestible NDF intake for BM40. 25282412 11 100 theme feed 1616:1619 arg1 efficiency 1621:1630 feed efficiency 1616:1630 feed efficiency 1616:1630 No differences in intake, component-corrected milk yields, or feed efficiency were detected between DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 15 101 from % 2247:2247 arg1 silage 2192:2197 Nutridense corn silage 2176:2197 Nutridense corn silage 2176:2197 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 15 101 from % 2247:2247 arg1 alternative 2212:2222 a viable alternative 2203:2222 a viable alternative to both DP and BM 2203:2240 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 3 102 from d 508:508 arg1 milk 513:516 milk 513:516 milk 513:516 One hundred twenty-eight Holstein and Holstein × Jersey cows (105 ± 38 d in milk) were stratified by breed and parity and randomly assigned to 16 pens of 8 cows each. 25282412 5 103 theme respective 765:774 arg1 hybrid 788:793 the respective corn silage hybrid 761:793 the respective corn silage hybrid 761:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 7 104 theme BM40 1042:1045 arg1 proportions 1021:1031 equal proportions 1015:1031 equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40 1015:1055 A 2-wk covariate adjustment period preceded the treatment period, with all pens receiving a TMR with equal proportions of DP40, BM40, and ND40. 25282412 9 105 contain had 1169:1171 arg1 silage 1162:1167 nutridense corn silage 1146:1167 nutridense corn silage 1146:1167 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 9 105 contain had 1169:1171 arg2 content 1228:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 1192:1234 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 9 105 contain had 1169:1171 arg2 starch 1181:1186 greater starch 1173:1186 greater starch 1173:1186 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 15 106 theme diet 2252:2255 arg1 DM 2257:2258 diet DM 2252:2258 diet DM 2252:2258 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 5 107 theme matter 744:749 arg1 DM 752:753 DM 752:753 DM 752:753 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 107 theme matter 744:749 arg1 % 735:735 40% 733:735 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid 733:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 107 theme matter 744:749 arg1 matter 744:749 dry matter 740:749 dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid 740:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 107 theme matter 744:749 arg1 DM 806:807 DM 806:807 DM 806:807 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 107 theme matter 744:749 arg1 % 801:801 20% 799:801 20% of DM 799:807 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 6 108 theme treatment 841:849 arg1 TMR 851:853 The fourth treatment TMR 830:853 The fourth treatment TMR 830:853 The fourth treatment TMR had ND corn silage as the sole forage at 65% of DM (ND65). 25282412 10 109 contain had 1410:1412 arg1 Cows 1396:1399 Cows 1396:1399 Cows fed BM40 1396:1408 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 10 109 contain had 1410:1412 arg2 yield 1427:1431 greater milk yield 1414:1431 greater milk yield than DP40 1414:1441 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 12 110 theme NDF 1771:1773 arg1 intake 1775:1780 increased digestible NDF intake 1750:1780 increased digestible NDF intake for BM40 compared with DP40 1750:1808 Milk yield differences may be due to increased starch intake for ND40 and increased digestible NDF intake for BM40 compared with DP40. 25282412 0 111 theme silage 18:23 arg1 type 32:35 corn silage hybrid type 13:35 corn silage hybrid type 13:35 Influence of corn silage hybrid type on lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows. 25282412 5 112 from % 735:735 arg1 hybrid 788:793 the respective corn silage hybrid 761:793 the respective corn silage hybrid 761:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 13 113 theme higher 1966:1971 arg1 intake 1988:1993 higher digestible NDF intake 1966:1993 higher digestible NDF intake 1966:1993 Intake and milk yield and composition were similar for ND40 compared with BM40, possibly due to counteracting effects of higher starch intake for ND40 and higher digestible NDF intake for BM40. 25282412 10 114 theme milk 1422:1425 arg1 yield 1427:1431 greater milk yield 1414:1431 greater milk yield than DP40 1414:1441 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 2 115 theme lactation 335:343 arg1 performance 345:355 lactation performance 335:355 lactation performance 335:355 A secondary objective was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed NutriDense corn silage at a higher concentration in the diet. 25282412 0 116 theme type 32:35 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of corn silage hybrid type on lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows. 0:84 Influence of corn silage hybrid type on lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows. 25282412 13 117 theme higher 1932:1937 arg1 intake 1946:1951 higher starch intake 1932:1951 higher starch intake for ND40 1932:1960 Intake and milk yield and composition were similar for ND40 compared with BM40, possibly due to counteracting effects of higher starch intake for ND40 and higher digestible NDF intake for BM40. 25282412 0 118 theme lactation 40:48 arg1 performance 50:60 lactation performance 40:60 lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows 40:83 Influence of corn silage hybrid type on lactation performance by Holstein dairy cows. 25282412 1 119 theme corn 236:239 arg1 hybrids 248:254 corn silage hybrids 236:254 corn silage hybrids 236:254 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25282412 5 120 theme DM 806:807 arg1 DM 752:753 DM 752:753 DM 752:753 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 120 theme DM 806:807 arg1 % 735:735 40% 733:735 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid 733:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 120 theme DM 806:807 arg1 matter 744:749 dry matter 740:749 dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid 740:793 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 120 theme DM 806:807 arg1 DM 806:807 DM 806:807 DM 806:807 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 5 120 theme DM 806:807 arg1 % 801:801 20% 799:801 20% of DM 799:807 Three treatment total mixed rations (TMR; DP40, BM40, and ND40) contained 40% of dry matter (DM) from the respective corn silage hybrid and 20% of DM from alfalfa silage. 25282412 15 121 theme DM 2350:2351 arg1 DM 2350:2351 DM 2350:2351 DM 2350:2351 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 15 121 theme DM 2350:2351 arg1 % 2345:2345 65% 2343:2345 65% of DM 2343:2351 Nutridense corn silage was a viable alternative to both DP and BM at 40% of diet DM; however, lactation performance was reduced when nutridense corn silage was fed at 65% of DM. 25282412 2 122 theme NutriDense 375:384 arg1 silage 391:396 NutriDense corn silage 375:396 NutriDense corn silage 375:396 A secondary objective was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed NutriDense corn silage at a higher concentration in the diet. 25282412 12 123 theme increased 1750:1758 arg1 intake 1775:1780 increased digestible NDF intake 1750:1780 increased digestible NDF intake for BM40 compared with DP40 1750:1808 Milk yield differences may be due to increased starch intake for ND40 and increased digestible NDF intake for BM40 compared with DP40. 25282412 14 124 theme component 2052:2060 arg1 yields 2062:2067 component yields 2052:2067 component yields 2052:2067 Feeding ND65 reduced intake, and thus milk and component yields, compared with ND40 due to either increased ruminal starch digestibility or increased rumen fill for ND65. 25282412 9 125 theme energy 1284:1289 arg1 content 1291:1297 greater energy content 1276:1297 greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively) 1276:1393 nutridense corn silage had greater starch and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than DP or BM, resulting in ND40 having greater energy content (73.2% of total digestible nutrients, TDN) than DP40 or BM40 (71.9 and 71.4% TDN, respectively). 25282412 10 126 theme greater 1414:1420 arg1 yield 1427:1431 greater milk yield 1414:1431 greater milk yield than DP40 1414:1441 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 10 127 theme greater 1472:1478 arg1 yield 1485:1489 greater milk yield 1472:1489 greater milk yield 1472:1489 Cows fed BM40 had greater milk yield than DP40, whereas ND40 tended to have greater milk yield and had greater protein and lactose yields compared with DP40. 25282412 8 128 theme assigned 1110:1117 arg1 diets 1129:1133 their assigned treatment diets 1104:1133 their assigned treatment diets 1104:1133 Following the covariate period, cows were fed their assigned treatment diets for 11 wk. 25282412 12 129 theme yield 1681:1685 arg1 differences 1687:1697 Milk yield differences 1676:1697 Milk yield differences 1676:1697 Milk yield differences may be due to increased starch intake for ND40 and increased digestible NDF intake for BM40 compared with DP40. 25282412 1 130 dep nutridense 179:188 arg1 hybrids 248:254 corn silage hybrids 236:254 corn silage hybrids 236:254 The primary objective of this study was to determine lactation performance by dairy cows fed nutridense (ND), dual-purpose (DP), or brown midrib (BM) corn silage hybrids at the same concentration in the diets. 25249564 5 0 theme KIS2-16 648:654 arg1 profile 637:643 The fatty acid profile 622:643 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) 622:657 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 9 1 theme Strain 1039:1044 arg1 KIS2-16 1046:1052 Strain KIS2-16 1039:1052 Strain KIS2-16(T) 1039:1055 Strain KIS2-16(T) showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides. 25249564 9 1 theme Strain 1039:1044 arg1 T 1054:1054 T 1054:1054 T 1054:1054 Strain KIS2-16(T) showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides. 25249564 10 2 theme phenotypic 1180:1189 arg1 data 1219:1222 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1180:1222 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1180:1222 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp. 25249564 2 3 attach isolated 80:87 arg2 T 73:73 T 73:73 T 73:73 Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. 25249564 2 3 attach isolated 80:87 arg2 KIS2-16 65:71 Strain KIS2-16 58:71 Strain KIS2-16(T) 58:74 Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. 25249564 2 3 attach isolated 80:87 arg1 sample 101:106 a soil sample 94:106 a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea 94:169 Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. 25249564 11 4 theme  = DSM 1370:1375 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 4 theme  = DSM 1370:1375 arg1 109597 1409:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597 1348:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T) 1348:1417 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 5 theme type 1348:1351 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 5 theme type 1348:1351 arg1 109597 1409:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597 1348:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T) 1348:1417 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 4 6 theme strain 352:357 arg1 T 367:367 T 367:367 T 367:367 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 4 6 theme strain 352:357 arg1 KIS2-16 359:365 strain KIS2-16 352:365 strain KIS2-16(T) 352:368 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 5 7 theme  0 714:715 arg1 TBSA 728:731 TBSA 728:731 TBSA 728:731 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 5 7 theme  0 714:715 arg1 10-methyl 717:725  0 10-methyl 714:725 C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA) 676:732 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 11 8 theme strain 1353:1358 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 8 theme strain 1353:1358 arg1 109597 1409:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597 1348:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T) 1348:1417 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 9 9 theme genus 1151:1155 arg1 Nocardioides 1157:1168 the genus Nocardioides 1147:1168 the genus Nocardioides 1147:1168 Strain KIS2-16(T) showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides. 25249564 2 10 theme Daecheong 123:131 arg1 Island 133:138 Daecheong Island 123:138 Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea 123:169 Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. 25249564 5 11 dep C18  676:679 arg1 TBSA 728:731 TBSA 728:731 TBSA 728:731 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 5 11 dep C18  676:679 arg1 C17  688:691 C17  688:691 C17  688:691 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 5 11 dep C18  676:679 arg1 2-OH 743:746  0 2-OH 740:746  0 2-OH 740:746 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 5 11 dep C18  676:679 arg1 C18  709:712 C18  709:712 C18  709:712 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 5 11 dep C18  676:679 arg1 C16  700:703 C16  700:703 C16  700:703 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 5 11 dep C18  676:679 arg1 2-OH 760:763 2-OH 760:763 2-OH 760:763 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 5 11 dep C18  676:679 arg1 10-methyl 717:725  0 10-methyl 714:725 C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA) 676:732 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 9 12 theme Nocardioides 1157:1168 arg1 species 1136:1142 the closely related species 1116:1142 the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides 1116:1168 Strain KIS2-16(T) showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides. 25249564 5 13 theme fatty 626:630 arg1 profile 637:643 The fatty acid profile 622:643 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) 622:657 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 4 14 theme Nocardioides 404:415 arg1 member 384:389 a member 382:389 a member of the genus Nocardioides 382:415 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 10 15 theme phylogenetic 1206:1217 arg1 data 1219:1222 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1180:1222 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1180:1222 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp. 25249564 6 16 theme major 817:821 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 841:862 diphosphatidylglycerol 841:862 diphosphatidylglycerol 841:862 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 25249564 6 16 theme major 817:821 arg1 lipids 829:834 the major polar lipids 813:834 the major polar lipids 813:834 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 25249564 5 17 theme acid 632:635 arg1 profile 637:643 The fatty acid profile 622:643 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) 622:657 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 11 18 theme T 1368:1368 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 18 theme T 1368:1368 arg1 109597 1409:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597 1348:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T) 1348:1417 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 8 19 theme G+C 998:1000 arg1 content 1002:1008 The genomic DNA G+C content 982:1008 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) 982:1022 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. 25249564 8 19 theme G+C 998:1000 arg1 % 1036:1036 64.9 mol% 1028:1036 64.9 mol% 1028:1036 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. 25249564 4 20 theme gene 328:331 arg1 analysis 342:349 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 319:349 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 319:349 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 10 21 theme daecheongensis 1323:1336 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp 1301:1339 the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp 1301:1339 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp. 25249564 6 22 theme polar 823:827 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 841:862 diphosphatidylglycerol 841:862 diphosphatidylglycerol 841:862 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 25249564 6 22 theme polar 823:827 arg1 lipids 829:834 the major polar lipids 813:834 the major polar lipids 813:834 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 25249564 8 23 theme KIS2-16 1013:1019 arg1 content 1002:1008 The genomic DNA G+C content 982:1008 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) 982:1022 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. 25249564 8 23 theme KIS2-16 1013:1019 arg1 % 1036:1036 64.9 mol% 1028:1036 64.9 mol% 1028:1036 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. 25249564 9 24 theme DNA-DNA 1064:1070 arg1 hybridization 1072:1084 DNA-DNA hybridization 1064:1084 DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % 1064:1109 Strain KIS2-16(T) showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides. 25249564 10 25 theme genotypic 1192:1200 arg1 data 1219:1222 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1180:1222 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1180:1222 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp. 25249564 4 26 theme rRNA 323:326 arg1 analysis 342:349 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 319:349 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 319:349 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 10 27 theme Nocardioides 1310:1321 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp 1301:1339 the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp 1301:1339 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp. 25249564 7 28 theme ll-diaminopimelic 958:974 arg1 acid 976:979 ll-diaminopimelic acid 958:979 ll-diaminopimelic acid 958:979 The peptidoglycan structure was A3γ-type with ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25249564 9 29 theme hybridization 1072:1084 arg1 values 1086:1091 DNA-DNA hybridization values 1064:1091 DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % 1064:1109 Strain KIS2-16(T) showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides. 25249564 4 30 theme analysis 342:349 arg1 basis 310:314 the basis 306:314 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:349 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 7 31 with A3γ-type 944:951 arg1 acid 976:979 ll-diaminopimelic acid 958:979 ll-diaminopimelic acid 958:979 The peptidoglycan structure was A3γ-type with ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25249564 11 32 theme  = KACC 1385:1391 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 32 theme  = KACC 1385:1391 arg1 109597 1409:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597 1348:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T) 1348:1417 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 8 33 theme genomic 986:992 arg1 content 1002:1008 The genomic DNA G+C content 982:1008 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) 982:1022 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. 25249564 8 33 theme genomic 986:992 arg1 % 1036:1036 64.9 mol% 1028:1036 64.9 mol% 1028:1036 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. 25249564 2 34 theme Strain 58:63 arg1 T 73:73 T 73:73 T 73:73 Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. 25249564 2 34 theme Strain 58:63 arg1 KIS2-16 65:71 Strain KIS2-16 58:71 Strain KIS2-16(T) 58:74 Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. 25249564 4 35 theme sequence 333:340 arg1 analysis 342:349 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 319:349 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 319:349 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 11 36 dep nov 1342:1344 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 36 dep nov 1342:1344 arg1 109597 1409:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597 1348:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T) 1348:1417 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 4 37 theme % 545:545 arg1 maradonensis 516:527 maradonensis 516:527 maradonensis 516:527 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 4 37 theme % 545:545 arg1 similarity 556:565 97.8 % sequence similarity 540:565 97.8 % sequence similarity 540:565 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 10 38 theme name 1305:1308 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp 1301:1339 the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp 1301:1339 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp. 25249564 4 39 theme Nocardioides 489:500 arg1 maradonensis 516:527 maradonensis 516:527 maradonensis 516:527 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 4 39 theme Nocardioides 489:500 arg1 species 468:474 species 468:474 species of the genus Nocardioides 468:500 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 4 39 theme Nocardioides 489:500 arg1 Nocardioides 572:583 Nocardioides 572:583 Nocardioides 572:583 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 2 40 theme region 151:156 arg1 Island 133:138 Daecheong Island 123:138 Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea 123:169 Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. 25249564 5 41 theme  0 740:741 arg1 2-OH 743:746  0 2-OH 740:746  0 2-OH 740:746 The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. 25249564 7 42 theme peptidoglycan 916:928 arg1 A3γ-type 944:951 A3γ-type 944:951 A3γ-type 944:951 The peptidoglycan structure was A3γ-type with ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25249564 7 42 theme peptidoglycan 916:928 arg1 structure 930:938 The peptidoglycan structure 912:938 The peptidoglycan structure 912:938 The peptidoglycan structure was A3γ-type with ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25249564 4 43 theme genus 483:487 arg1 Nocardioides 489:500 the genus Nocardioides 479:500 the genus Nocardioides 479:500 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 2 44 theme Incheon 143:149 arg1 region 151:156 Incheon region 143:156 Incheon region 143:156 Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. 25249564 2 44 theme Incheon 143:149 arg1 Korea 165:169 Korea 165:169 Korea 165:169 Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. 25249564 8 45 theme DNA 994:996 arg1 content 1002:1008 The genomic DNA G+C content 982:1008 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) 982:1022 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. 25249564 8 45 theme DNA 994:996 arg1 % 1036:1036 64.9 mol% 1028:1036 64.9 mol% 1028:1036 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. 25249564 9 46 theme % 1109:1109 arg1 values 1086:1091 DNA-DNA hybridization values 1064:1091 DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % 1064:1109 Strain KIS2-16(T) showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides. 25249564 4 47 theme genus 398:402 arg1 Nocardioides 404:415 the genus Nocardioides 394:415 the genus Nocardioides 394:415 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 9 48 theme related 1128:1134 arg1 species 1136:1142 the closely related species 1116:1142 the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides 1116:1168 Strain KIS2-16(T) showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides. 25249564 4 49 theme sequence 547:554 arg1 maradonensis 516:527 maradonensis 516:527 maradonensis 516:527 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 4 49 theme sequence 547:554 arg1 similarity 556:565 97.8 % sequence similarity 540:565 97.8 % sequence similarity 540:565 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 4 50 theme type 452:455 arg1 strains 457:463 the type strains 448:463 the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %) 448:619 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 11 51 theme T 1383:1383 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 51 theme T 1383:1383 arg1 109597 1409:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597 1348:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T) 1348:1417 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 52 theme  = NBRC 1401:1407 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 52 theme  = NBRC 1401:1407 arg1 109597 1409:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597 1348:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T) 1348:1417 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 53 theme KIS2-16 1360:1366 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 53 theme KIS2-16 1360:1366 arg1 109597 1409:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597 1348:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T) 1348:1417 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 4 54 theme species 468:474 arg1 strains 457:463 the type strains 448:463 the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %) 448:619 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 10 55 theme novel 1250:1254 arg1 species 1256:1262 a novel species 1248:1262 a novel species 1248:1262 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp. 25249564 11 56 theme T 1399:1399 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 11 56 theme T 1399:1399 arg1 109597 1409:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597 1348:1414 type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T) 1348:1417 nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed. 25249564 4 57 theme 16S 319:321 arg1 analysis 342:349 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 319:349 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 319:349 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 4 58 dep Nocardioides 572:583 arg1 T 609:609 T 609:609 T 609:609 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 4 58 dep Nocardioides 572:583 arg1 RP-B26 602:607 RP-B26 602:607 RP-B26 602:607 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 4 58 dep Nocardioides 572:583 arg1 % 618:618 97.0 % 613:618 97.0 % 613:618 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 4 58 dep Nocardioides 572:583 arg1 ultimimeridianus 585:600 Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %) 572:619 Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %) 572:619 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). 25249564 10 59 theme Nocardioides 1277:1288 arg1 species 1256:1262 a novel species 1248:1262 a novel species 1248:1262 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp. 25249564 8 60 theme mol 1033:1035 arg1 content 1002:1008 The genomic DNA G+C content 982:1008 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) 982:1022 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. 25249564 8 60 theme mol 1033:1035 arg1 % 1036:1036 64.9 mol% 1028:1036 64.9 mol% 1028:1036 The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. 25249564 6 61 theme isoprenoid 776:785 arg1 MK-8 799:802 MK-8 799:802 MK-8(H4) 799:806 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 25249564 6 61 theme isoprenoid 776:785 arg1 quinone 787:793 The major isoprenoid quinone 766:793 The major isoprenoid quinone 766:793 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 25249564 10 62 theme genus 1271:1275 arg1 Nocardioides 1277:1288 the genus Nocardioides 1267:1288 the genus Nocardioides 1267:1288 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp. 25249564 2 63 theme soil 96:99 arg1 sample 101:106 a soil sample 94:106 a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea 94:169 Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. 25249564 6 64 theme major 770:774 arg1 MK-8 799:802 MK-8 799:802 MK-8(H4) 799:806 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 25249564 6 64 theme major 770:774 arg1 quinone 787:793 The major isoprenoid quinone 766:793 The major isoprenoid quinone 766:793 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 28124978 7 0 theme Zealand 1531:1537 arg1 rabbits 1539:1545 ten white New Zealand rabbits 1517:1545 ten white New Zealand rabbits 1517:1545 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. 28124978 8 1 theme host 1893:1896 arg1 bone 1898:1901 host bone 1893:1901 host bone 1893:1901 In addition, histological evaluation showed that bone remodeling, including bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, actively occurred between the two growth factor-coated Ti and host bone. 28124978 7 2 dep In 1490:1491 arg1 vivo 1493:1496 vivo 1493:1496 vivo 1493:1496 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. 28124978 9 3 theme implants 2089:2096 arg1 properties 2075:2084 the clinical properties 2062:2084 the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications 2062:2135 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 6 4 theme factor-coated 1251:1263 arg1 Ti 1265:1266 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1236:1266 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1236:1266 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 4 5 theme X-ray 803:807 arg1 XPS 837:839 XPS 837:839 XPS 837:839 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 4 5 theme X-ray 803:807 arg1 spectroscopy 823:834 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 803:834 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 803:840 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 7 6 theme white 1521:1525 arg1 rabbits 1539:1545 ten white New Zealand rabbits 1517:1545 ten white New Zealand rabbits 1517:1545 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. 28124978 9 7 theme orthopedic 2102:2111 arg1 applications 2124:2135 orthopedic and dental applications 2102:2135 orthopedic and dental applications 2102:2135 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 1 8 theme -coated 229:235 arg1 disc 251:254 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types 135:270 disc 251:254 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 8 9 theme bone 1738:1741 arg1 remodeling 1743:1752 bone remodeling 1738:1752 bone remodeling 1738:1752 In addition, histological evaluation showed that bone remodeling, including bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, actively occurred between the two growth factor-coated Ti and host bone. 28124978 6 10 theme alkaline 1326:1333 arg1 ALP 1348:1350 ALP 1348:1350 ALP 1348:1350 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 10 theme alkaline 1326:1333 arg1 phosphatase 1335:1345 alkaline phosphatase 1326:1345 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 1326:1351 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 1 11 theme bone 141:144 arg1 hBMP-2 171:176 hBMP-2 171:176 hBMP-2 171:176 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 1 11 theme bone 141:144 arg1 protein-2 160:168 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 135:168 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2) 135:177 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 4 12 theme samples 776:782 arg1 composition 698:708 The surface chemical composition 677:708 The surface chemical composition 677:708 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 4 12 theme samples 776:782 arg1 morphology 719:728 surface morphology 711:728 surface morphology 711:728 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 4 12 theme samples 776:782 arg1 characteristics 747:761 wettability characteristics 735:761 wettability characteristics 735:761 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 7 13 theme animal 1498:1503 arg1 tests 1505:1509 In vivo animal tests 1490:1509 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits 1490:1545 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. 28124978 2 14 theme molecular 485:493 arg1 structures 495:504 their molecular structures 479:504 their molecular structures 479:504 The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. 28124978 1 15 theme protein-2 160:168 arg1 growth 185:190 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types 135:270 growth 185:190 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 7 16 theme In 1490:1491 arg1 tests 1505:1509 In vivo animal tests 1490:1509 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits 1490:1545 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. 28124978 3 17 theme hGDF-5-coated 651:663 arg1 Ti 631:632 pristine Ti 622:632 pristine Ti 622:632 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 3 17 theme hGDF-5-coated 651:663 arg1 Ti 665:666 hGDF-5-coated Ti 651:666 hGDF-5-coated Ti 651:666 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 4 18 theme electron 852:859 arg1 SEM 873:875 SEM 873:875 SEM 873:875 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 4 18 theme electron 852:859 arg1 microscopy 861:870 scanning electron microscopy 843:870 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 843:876 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 5 19 theme combination 971:981 arg1 burst 936:940 The initial burst 924:940 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, 924:982 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 6 20 theme larger 1369:1374 arg1 amount 1376:1381 a larger amount 1367:1381 a larger amount of calcium deposition 1367:1403 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 20 theme larger 1369:1374 arg1 deposition 1394:1403 calcium deposition 1386:1403 calcium deposition 1386:1403 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 20 theme larger 1369:1374 arg1 mRNAs 1483:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 1 21 theme /human 178:183 arg1 growth 185:190 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types 135:270 growth 185:190 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 9 22 theme dental 2117:2122 arg1 applications 2124:2135 orthopedic and dental applications 2102:2135 orthopedic and dental applications 2102:2135 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 5 23 theme hBMP-2 945:950 arg1 burst 936:940 The initial burst 924:940 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, 924:982 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 6 24 theme collagen 1438:1445 arg1 mRNAs 1483:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 9 25 theme Ti 1939:1940 arg1 modification 1950:1961 Ti surface modification 1939:1961 Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants 1939:2048 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 5 26 theme hGDF-5 953:958 arg1 burst 936:940 The initial burst 924:940 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, 924:982 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 3 27 theme Ti 548:549 arg1 Efficacy 507:514 Efficacy 507:514 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration 507:604 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 6 28 theme type 1431:1434 arg1 collagen 1438:1445 type I collagen 1431:1445 type I collagen (COL 1) 1431:1453 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 28 theme type 1431:1434 arg1 COL 1448:1450 COL 1 1448:1452 COL 1 1448:1452 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 0 29 theme Heparin 55:61 arg1 Linker 63:68 a Heparin Linker 53:68 a Heparin Linker 53:68 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 28124978 3 30 theme growth 527:532 arg1 Ti 548:549 the two growth factor-coated Ti 519:549 the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration 519:604 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 2 31 theme specific 401:408 arg1 interaction 410:420 their specific interaction 395:420 their specific interaction with heparin 395:433 The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. 28124978 9 32 theme factor-coated 2024:2036 arg1 implants 2041:2048 the two growth factor-coated Ti implants 2009:2048 the two growth factor-coated Ti implants 2009:2048 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 5 33 theme release 1015:1021 arg1 study 1023:1027 the release study 1011:1027 the release study 1011:1027 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 8 34 theme histological 1702:1713 arg1 evaluation 1715:1724 histological evaluation 1702:1724 histological evaluation 1702:1724 In addition, histological evaluation showed that bone remodeling, including bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, actively occurred between the two growth factor-coated Ti and host bone. 28124978 6 35 theme larger 1409:1414 arg1 expressions 1416:1426 larger expressions 1409:1426 larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1409:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 4 36 theme chemical 689:696 arg1 composition 698:708 The surface chemical composition 677:708 The surface chemical composition 677:708 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 1 37 theme factors 309:315 arg1 release 287:293 controlled release 276:293 controlled release of the growth factors (GFs) 276:321 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 6 38 theme deposition 1394:1403 arg1 amount 1376:1381 a larger amount 1367:1381 a larger amount of calcium deposition 1367:1403 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 38 theme deposition 1394:1403 arg1 deposition 1394:1403 calcium deposition 1386:1403 calcium deposition 1386:1403 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 38 theme deposition 1394:1403 arg1 expressions 1416:1426 larger expressions 1409:1426 larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1409:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 38 theme deposition 1394:1403 arg1 mRNAs 1483:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 39 theme ALP 1456:1458 arg1 mRNAs 1483:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 0 40 theme Surface 0:6 arg1 Modification 8:19 Surface Modification 0:19 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 0:106 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 28124978 1 41 theme titanium 237:244 arg1 disc 251:254 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types 135:270 disc 251:254 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 1 42 theme Ti 247:248 arg1 disc 251:254 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types 135:270 disc 251:254 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 3 43 theme bone 570:573 arg1 formation 575:583 bone formation 570:583 bone formation 570:583 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 5 44 theme growth 1130:1135 arg1 factors 1137:1143 these two growth factors 1120:1143 these two growth factors 1120:1143 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 2 45 theme growth 332:337 arg1 factors 339:345 The two growth factors 324:345 The two growth factors 324:345 The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. 28124978 6 46 theme MC3T3-E1 1209:1216 arg1 cells 1218:1222 MC3T3-E1 cells 1209:1222 MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti 1209:1266 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 8 47 theme bone 1765:1768 arg1 formation 1770:1778 bone formation 1765:1778 bone formation by osteoblasts 1765:1793 In addition, histological evaluation showed that bone remodeling, including bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, actively occurred between the two growth factor-coated Ti and host bone. 28124978 5 48 theme initial 928:934 arg1 burst 936:940 The initial burst 924:940 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, 924:982 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 2 49 theme smooth 374:379 arg1 surface 381:387 a smooth surface 372:387 a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin 372:433 The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. 28124978 1 50 theme screw 260:264 arg1 types 266:270 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types 135:270 types 266:270 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 7 51 theme bone 1600:1603 arg1 formation 1605:1613 bone formation 1600:1613 bone formation 1600:1613 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. 28124978 0 52 mod Modification 8:19 arg3 Surface 0:6 Surface Modification 0:19 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 0:106 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 28124978 0 52 mod Modification 8:19 arg1 Titanium 24:31 Titanium 24:31 Titanium 24:31 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 28124978 6 53 theme proliferation 1281:1293 arg1 rate 1295:1298 a higher proliferation rate 1272:1298 a higher proliferation rate 1272:1298 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 54 contain had 1268:1270 arg2 rate 1295:1298 a higher proliferation rate 1272:1298 a higher proliferation rate 1272:1298 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 54 contain had 1268:1270 arg1 cells 1218:1222 MC3T3-E1 cells 1209:1222 MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti 1209:1266 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 54 contain had 1268:1270 arg2 activity 1313:1320 a higher activity 1304:1320 a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1304:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 9 55 theme clinical 2066:2073 arg1 properties 2075:2084 the clinical properties 2062:2084 the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications 2062:2135 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 1 56 theme differentiation 196:210 arg1 disc 251:254 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types 135:270 disc 251:254 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 7 57 theme New 1527:1529 arg1 rabbits 1539:1545 ten white New Zealand rabbits 1517:1545 ten white New Zealand rabbits 1517:1545 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. 28124978 8 58 theme factor-coated 1872:1884 arg1 Ti 1886:1887 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1857:1887 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1857:1887 In addition, histological evaluation showed that bone remodeling, including bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, actively occurred between the two growth factor-coated Ti and host bone. 28124978 4 59 theme angle 891:895 arg1 measurement 897:907 contact angle measurement 883:907 contact angle measurement 883:907 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 6 60 theme growth 1244:1249 arg1 Ti 1265:1266 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1236:1266 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1236:1266 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 5 61 dep sustained 1093:1101 arg1 even 1104:1107 even 1104:1107 even 1104:1107 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 1 62 theme human 135:139 arg1 hBMP-2 171:176 hBMP-2 171:176 hBMP-2 171:176 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 1 62 theme human 135:139 arg1 protein-2 160:168 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 135:168 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2) 135:177 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 1 63 theme morphogenetic 146:158 arg1 hBMP-2 171:176 hBMP-2 171:176 hBMP-2 171:176 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 1 63 theme morphogenetic 146:158 arg1 protein-2 160:168 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 135:168 human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2) 135:177 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 4 64 theme metal 770:774 arg1 samples 776:782 the metal samples 766:782 the metal samples 766:782 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 6 65 theme higher 1306:1311 arg1 activity 1313:1320 a higher activity 1304:1320 a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1304:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 2 66 theme binding 462:468 arg1 sites 470:474 heparin binding sites 454:474 heparin binding sites 454:474 The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. 28124978 4 67 theme scanning 843:850 arg1 SEM 873:875 SEM 873:875 SEM 873:875 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 4 67 theme scanning 843:850 arg1 microscopy 861:870 scanning electron microscopy 843:870 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 843:876 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 4 68 theme photoelectron 809:821 arg1 XPS 837:839 XPS 837:839 XPS 837:839 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 4 68 theme photoelectron 809:821 arg1 spectroscopy 823:834 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 803:834 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 803:840 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 5 69 theme sustained 1093:1101 arg1 release 1109:1115 a sustained, even release 1091:1115 a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal 1091:1165 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 5 70 theme factors 1137:1143 arg1 release 1109:1115 a sustained, even release 1091:1115 a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal 1091:1165 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 3 71 theme factor-coated 534:546 arg1 Ti 548:549 the two growth factor-coated Ti 519:549 the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration 519:604 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 6 72 theme I 1436:1436 arg1 collagen 1438:1445 type I collagen 1431:1445 type I collagen (COL 1) 1431:1453 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 72 theme I 1436:1436 arg1 COL 1448:1450 COL 1 1448:1452 COL 1 1448:1452 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 9 73 with modification 1950:1961 arg1 combination 1972:1982 the combination 1968:1982 the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 1968:2003 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 9 74 theme surface 1942:1948 arg1 modification 1950:1961 Ti surface modification 1939:1961 Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants 1939:2048 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 6 75 theme mRNAs 1483:1487 arg1 amount 1376:1381 a larger amount 1367:1381 a larger amount of calcium deposition 1367:1403 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 75 theme mRNAs 1483:1487 arg1 deposition 1394:1403 calcium deposition 1386:1403 calcium deposition 1386:1403 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 75 theme mRNAs 1483:1487 arg1 expressions 1416:1426 larger expressions 1409:1426 larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1409:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 75 theme mRNAs 1483:1487 arg1 mRNAs 1483:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 6 76 theme In 1180:1181 arg1 tests 1189:1193 In vitro tests 1180:1193 In vitro tests 1180:1193 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 1 77 theme controlled 276:285 arg1 release 287:293 controlled release 276:293 controlled release of the growth factors (GFs) 276:321 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 7 78 theme host 1678:1681 arg1 bone 1683:1686 host bone 1678:1686 host bone 1678:1686 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. 28124978 4 79 theme contact 883:889 arg1 measurement 897:907 contact angle measurement 883:907 contact angle measurement 883:907 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 5 80 dep % 1047:1047 arg1 % 1069:1069 /3.2% 1065:1069 /3.2% 1065:1069 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 5 81 theme study 1023:1027 arg1 day 1004:1006 one day 1000:1006 one day of the release study 1000:1027 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 6 82 theme osteocalcin 1465:1475 arg1 mRNAs 1483:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs 1431:1487 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 2 83 contain have 449:452 arg2 sites 470:474 heparin binding sites 454:474 heparin binding sites 454:474 The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. 28124978 2 83 contain have 449:452 arg1 they 444:447 they 444:447 they 444:447 The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. 28124978 9 84 theme hBMP-2 1987:1992 arg1 combination 1972:1982 the combination 1968:1982 the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 1968:2003 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 0 85 theme Dental 92:97 arg1 Implant 99:105 a Dental Implant 90:105 a Dental Implant 90:105 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 28124978 1 86 theme growth 302:307 arg1 GFs 318:320 GFs 318:320 GFs 318:320 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 1 86 theme growth 302:307 arg1 factors 309:315 the growth factors 298:315 the growth factors (GFs) 298:321 In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). 28124978 6 87 dep In 1180:1181 arg1 vitro 1183:1187 vitro 1183:1187 vitro 1183:1187 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 2 88 with interaction 410:420 arg1 heparin 427:433 heparin 427:433 heparin 427:433 The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. 28124978 8 89 theme bone 1799:1802 arg1 resorption 1804:1813 bone resorption 1799:1813 bone resorption by osteoclasts 1799:1828 In addition, histological evaluation showed that bone remodeling, including bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, actively occurred between the two growth factor-coated Ti and host bone. 28124978 4 90 theme surface 681:687 arg1 composition 698:708 The surface chemical composition 677:708 The surface chemical composition 677:708 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 9 91 theme hGDF-5 1998:2003 arg1 combination 1972:1982 the combination 1968:1982 the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 1968:2003 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 6 92 theme calcium 1386:1392 arg1 deposition 1394:1403 calcium deposition 1386:1403 calcium deposition 1386:1403 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 5 93 from metal 1161:1165 arg1 release 1109:1115 a sustained, even release 1091:1115 a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal 1091:1165 The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. 28124978 2 94 theme heparin 454:460 arg1 sites 470:474 heparin binding sites 454:474 heparin binding sites 454:474 The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. 28124978 0 95 theme Titanium 24:31 arg1 Modification 8:19 Surface Modification 0:19 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 0:106 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 28124978 9 96 theme growth 2017:2022 arg1 implants 2041:2048 the two growth factor-coated Ti implants 2009:2048 the two growth factor-coated Ti implants 2009:2048 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 9 97 theme Ti 2038:2039 arg1 implants 2041:2048 the two growth factor-coated Ti implants 2009:2048 the two growth factor-coated Ti implants 2009:2048 Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications. 28124978 7 98 theme growth 1567:1572 arg1 Ti 1588:1589 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1559:1589 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1559:1589 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. 28124978 3 99 theme osseointegration 589:604 arg1 enhancement 555:565 enhancement 555:565 enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration 555:604 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 4 100 theme wettability 735:745 arg1 characteristics 747:761 wettability characteristics 735:761 wettability characteristics 735:761 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 28124978 0 101 with Modification 8:19 arg1 BMP-2/GDF-5 38:48 BMP-2/GDF-5 38:48 BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker 38:68 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 28124978 0 101 with Modification 8:19 arg1 Efficacy 78:85 Its Efficacy 74:85 Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant 74:105 Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. 28124978 7 102 theme factor-coated 1574:1586 arg1 Ti 1588:1589 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1559:1589 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1559:1589 In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. 28124978 8 103 theme growth 1865:1870 arg1 Ti 1886:1887 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1857:1887 the two growth factor-coated Ti 1857:1887 In addition, histological evaluation showed that bone remodeling, including bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, actively occurred between the two growth factor-coated Ti and host bone. 28124978 3 104 theme formation 575:583 arg1 enhancement 555:565 enhancement 555:565 enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration 555:604 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 6 105 theme higher 1274:1279 arg1 rate 1295:1298 a higher proliferation rate 1272:1298 a higher proliferation rate 1272:1298 In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. 28124978 3 106 theme pristine 622:629 arg1 Ti 631:632 pristine Ti 622:632 pristine Ti 622:632 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 3 106 theme pristine 622:629 arg1 hBMP-2- 639:645 hBMP-2- 639:645 hBMP-2- 639:645 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 3 106 theme pristine 622:629 arg1 Ti 665:666 hGDF-5-coated Ti 651:666 hGDF-5-coated Ti 651:666 Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. 28124978 4 107 theme surface 711:717 arg1 morphology 719:728 surface morphology 711:728 surface morphology 711:728 The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. 24769230 6 0 theme biomechanical 846:858 arg1 structure 888:896 structure 888:896 structure 888:896 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 6 0 theme biomechanical 846:858 arg1 composition 872:882 composition 872:882 composition 872:882 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 6 0 theme biomechanical 846:858 arg1 properties 860:869 the biomechanical properties 842:869 the biomechanical properties 842:869 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 9 1 located observed 1164:1171 arg2 moduli 1141:1146 Up to three times lower moduli 1117:1146 Up to three times lower moduli (P < 0.05) 1117:1157 Up to three times lower moduli (P < 0.05) were observed in the ACLT group compared to the control group. 24769230 9 1 located observed 1164:1171 arg1 group 1185:1189 the ACLT group 1176:1189 the ACLT group compared to the control group 1176:1219 Up to three times lower moduli (P < 0.05) were observed in the ACLT group compared to the control group. 24769230 9 1 located observed 1164:1171 arg2 P < 0.05 1149:1156 P < 0.05 1149:1156 P < 0.05 1149:1156 Up to three times lower moduli (P < 0.05) were observed in the ACLT group compared to the control group. 24769230 10 2 theme PG 1399:1400 arg1 loss 1402:1405 significant PG loss 1387:1405 significant PG loss 1387:1405 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 11 3 theme collagen 1491:1498 arg1 angle 1512:1516 The collagen orientation angle 1487:1516 The collagen orientation angle 1487:1516 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 11 4 located observed 1665:1672 arg1 locations 1683:1691 other locations 1677:1691 other locations 1677:1691 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 11 4 located observed 1665:1672 arg2 effects 1628:1634 smaller effects 1620:1634 smaller effects 1620:1634 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 10 5 theme joint 1280:1284 arg1 cartilage 1286:1294 the ACLT joint cartilage 1271:1294 the ACLT joint cartilage 1271:1294 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 13 6 theme mechanical 1946:1955 arg1 alterations 1957:1967 the greatest structural and mechanical alterations 1918:1967 the greatest structural and mechanical alterations in very early OA 1918:1984 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage experienced the greatest structural and mechanical alterations in very early OA, as produced by ACLT. 24769230 1 7 theme cartilage 254:262 arg1 function 232:239 function 232:239 function 232:239 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 1 7 theme cartilage 254:262 arg1 structure 218:226 structure 218:226 structure 218:226 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 10 8 theme superficial 1428:1438 arg1 regions 1440:1446 more superficial regions 1423:1446 more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove 1423:1484 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 14 9 theme femoral 2184:2190 arg1 cartilage 2200:2208 femoral condyle cartilage 2184:2208 femoral condyle cartilage 2184:2208 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 13 10 theme early 1977:1981 arg1 OA 1983:1984 very early OA 1972:1984 very early OA 1972:1984 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage experienced the greatest structural and mechanical alterations in very early OA, as produced by ACLT. 24769230 8 11 theme condyle 1098:1104 arg1 cartilage 1106:1114 the femoral condyle cartilage 1086:1114 the femoral condyle cartilage 1086:1114 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, the equilibrium and dynamic moduli were decreased primarily in the femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 11 12 dep depth 1561:1565 arg1 up 1543:1544 up 1543:1544 up 1543:1544 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 9 13 theme three 1123:1127 arg1 times 1129:1133 times 1129:1133 times 1129:1133 Up to three times lower moduli (P < 0.05) were observed in the ACLT group compared to the control group. 24769230 3 14 theme contralateral 508:520 arg1 joints 528:533 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints 489:533 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints 489:533 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints were prepared for analysis at 4 weeks after ACLT. 24769230 3 14 theme contralateral 508:520 arg1 C-L 523:525 C-L 523:525 C-L 523:525 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints were prepared for analysis at 4 weeks after ACLT. 24769230 12 15 dep increased 1719:1727 arg1 P < 0.05 1730:1737 P < 0.05 1730:1737 P < 0.05 1730:1737 The collagen content was increased (P < 0.05) in the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group compared to the control group samples, especially in the lateral femoral condyle. 24769230 12 16 theme group 1781:1785 arg1 zones 1763:1767 the middle and deep zones 1743:1767 the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group 1743:1785 The collagen content was increased (P < 0.05) in the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group compared to the control group samples, especially in the lateral femoral condyle. 24769230 6 17 theme samples 905:911 arg1 structure 888:896 structure 888:896 structure 888:896 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 6 17 theme samples 905:911 arg1 composition 872:882 composition 872:882 composition 872:882 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 6 17 theme samples 905:911 arg1 properties 860:869 the biomechanical properties 842:869 the biomechanical properties 842:869 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 14 18 theme cartilage 2200:2208 arg1 tissue 2174:2179 the deep tissue 2165:2179 the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage 2165:2208 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 14 19 theme collagen 2077:2084 arg1 organization 2092:2103 the superficial collagen fiber organization 2061:2103 the superficial collagen fiber organization 2061:2103 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 4 20 theme intact 604:609 arg1 joints 611:616 intact joints 604:616 intact joints 604:616 Three rabbits with intact joints were used as a control group (CNTRL). 24769230 11 21 theme significant 1647:1657 arg1 effects 1628:1634 smaller effects 1620:1634 smaller effects 1620:1634 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 5 22 theme Femoral 656:662 arg1 groove 664:669 Femoral groove 656:669 Femoral groove 656:669 Femoral groove, medial and lateral femoral condyles, and tibial plateaus were harvested and used in the analysis. 24769230 1 23 theme cruciate 370:377 arg1 ACLT 401:404 ACLT 401:404 ACLT 401:404 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 1 23 theme cruciate 370:377 arg1 transection 388:398 anterior cruciate ligament transection 361:398 anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 361:405 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 4 24 used used 623:626 arg2 rabbits 591:597 Three rabbits 585:597 Three rabbits with intact joints 585:616 Three rabbits with intact joints were used as a control group (CNTRL). 24769230 4 24 used used 623:626 arg2 group 641:645 a control group 631:645 a control group (CNTRL) 631:653 Three rabbits with intact joints were used as a control group (CNTRL). 24769230 10 25 theme femoral 1471:1477 arg1 groove 1479:1484 femoral groove 1471:1484 femoral groove 1471:1484 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 13 26 theme condyle 1888:1894 arg1 cartilage 1896:1904 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage 1869:1904 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage 1869:1904 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage experienced the greatest structural and mechanical alterations in very early OA, as produced by ACLT. 24769230 15 27 theme OA 2281:2282 arg1 stages 2271:2276 the early stages 2261:2276 the early stages of OA 2261:2282 The current findings provide novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint. 24769230 14 28 theme condyle 2192:2198 arg1 cartilage 2200:2208 femoral condyle cartilage 2184:2208 femoral condyle cartilage 2184:2208 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 7 29 theme mixed 923:927 arg1 model 929:933 A linear mixed model 914:933 A linear mixed model 914:933 A linear mixed model was chosen for statistical comparisons between the groups. 24769230 2 30 theme white 474:478 arg1 rabbits 480:486 eight mature New Zealand white rabbits 449:486 eight mature New Zealand white rabbits 449:486 METHODS Unilateral ACLT was performed in eight mature New Zealand white rabbits. 24769230 15 31 theme novel 2240:2244 arg1 information 2246:2256 novel information 2240:2256 novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint 2240:2323 The current findings provide novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint. 24769230 4 32 theme control 633:639 arg1 group 641:645 a control group 631:645 a control group (CNTRL) 631:653 Three rabbits with intact joints were used as a control group (CNTRL). 24769230 4 32 theme control 633:639 arg1 rabbits 591:597 Three rabbits 585:597 Three rabbits with intact joints 585:616 Three rabbits with intact joints were used as a control group (CNTRL). 24769230 4 32 theme control 633:639 arg1 CNTRL 648:652 CNTRL 648:652 CNTRL 648:652 Three rabbits with intact joints were used as a control group (CNTRL). 24769230 14 33 theme collagen 2131:2138 arg1 content 2140:2146 the collagen content 2127:2146 the collagen content 2127:2146 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 5 34 theme femoral 691:697 arg1 condyles 699:706 medial and lateral femoral condyles 672:706 medial and lateral femoral condyles 672:706 Femoral groove, medial and lateral femoral condyles, and tibial plateaus were harvested and used in the analysis. 24769230 2 35 theme New 462:464 arg1 rabbits 480:486 eight mature New Zealand white rabbits 449:486 eight mature New Zealand white rabbits 449:486 METHODS Unilateral ACLT was performed in eight mature New Zealand white rabbits. 24769230 12 36 theme femoral 1852:1858 arg1 condyle 1860:1866 the lateral femoral condyle 1840:1866 the lateral femoral condyle 1840:1866 The collagen content was increased (P < 0.05) in the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group compared to the control group samples, especially in the lateral femoral condyle. 24769230 13 37 theme CONCLUSION 1869:1878 arg1 cartilage 1896:1904 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage 1869:1904 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage 1869:1904 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage experienced the greatest structural and mechanical alterations in very early OA, as produced by ACLT. 24769230 1 38 theme study 159:163 arg1 aim 147:149 The aim 143:149 The aim of this study 143:163 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 1 39 dep OBJECTIVE 133:141 arg1 was 165:167 was 165:167 was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 165:405 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 11 40 theme lateral 1589:1595 arg1 condyle 1605:1611 the lateral femoral condyle 1585:1611 the lateral femoral condyle 1585:1611 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 15 41 theme stages 2271:2276 arg1 information 2246:2256 novel information 2240:2256 novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint 2240:2323 The current findings provide novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint. 24769230 9 42 theme control 1207:1213 arg1 group 1215:1219 the control group 1203:1219 the control group 1203:1219 Up to three times lower moduli (P < 0.05) were observed in the ACLT group compared to the control group. 24769230 0 43 theme cruciate 102:109 arg1 transection 120:130 anterior cruciate ligament transection 93:130 anterior cruciate ligament transection 93:130 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 15 44 theme knee 2314:2317 arg1 joint 2319:2323 the knee joint 2310:2323 the knee joint 2310:2323 The current findings provide novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint. 24769230 12 45 theme control 1803:1809 arg1 samples 1817:1823 the control group samples 1799:1823 the control group samples 1799:1823 The collagen content was increased (P < 0.05) in the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group compared to the control group samples, especially in the lateral femoral condyle. 24769230 10 46 theme % 1331:1331 arg1 depth 1317:1321 a depth 1315:1321 a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface 1315:1358 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 0 47 theme cartilage 69:77 arg1 weeks 81:85 lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks 52:85 lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 52:130 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 14 48 theme fiber 2086:2090 arg1 organization 2092:2103 the superficial collagen fiber organization 2061:2103 the superficial collagen fiber organization 2061:2103 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 0 49 theme Site-dependent 0:13 arg1 changes 15:21 Site-dependent changes 0:21 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 0:131 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 1 50 theme lapine 271:276 arg1 joint 283:287 the lapine knee joint 267:287 the lapine knee joint 267:287 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 2 51 theme METHODS 408:414 arg1 ACLT 427:430 METHODS Unilateral ACLT 408:430 METHODS Unilateral ACLT 408:430 METHODS Unilateral ACLT was performed in eight mature New Zealand white rabbits. 24769230 10 52 theme femoral 1363:1369 arg1 condyles 1371:1378 femoral condyles 1363:1378 femoral condyles 1363:1378 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 14 53 theme superficial 2065:2075 arg1 organization 2092:2103 the superficial collagen fiber organization 2061:2103 the superficial collagen fiber organization 2061:2103 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 13 54 from alterations 1957:1967 arg1 OA 1983:1984 very early OA 1972:1984 very early OA 1972:1984 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage experienced the greatest structural and mechanical alterations in very early OA, as produced by ACLT. 24769230 11 55 theme cartilage 1551:1559 arg1 depth 1561:1565 a cartilage depth 1549:1565 a cartilage depth of 60% 1549:1572 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 5 56 theme tibial 713:718 arg1 plateaus 720:727 tibial plateaus 713:727 tibial plateaus 713:727 Femoral groove, medial and lateral femoral condyles, and tibial plateaus were harvested and used in the analysis. 24769230 11 57 dep increased 1522:1530 arg1 P < 0.05 1533:1540 P < 0.05 1533:1540 P < 0.05 1533:1540 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 8 58 theme ACLT 1017:1020 arg1 result 1007:1012 a result 1005:1012 a result of ACLT, the equilibrium and dynamic moduli 1005:1056 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, the equilibrium and dynamic moduli were decreased primarily in the femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 15 59 from information 2246:2256 arg1 locations 2297:2305 different locations 2287:2305 different locations of the knee joint 2287:2323 The current findings provide novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint. 24769230 10 60 theme significant 1387:1397 arg1 loss 1402:1405 significant PG loss 1387:1405 significant PG loss 1387:1405 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 0 61 theme articular 59:67 arg1 cartilage 69:77 lapine articular cartilage 52:77 lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 52:130 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 10 62 dep depth 1317:1321 arg1 up 1309:1310 up 1309:1310 up 1309:1310 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 1 63 theme early 299:303 arg1 stage 305:309 a very early stage 292:309 a very early stage 292:309 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 5 64 used used 748:751 arg2 groove 664:669 Femoral groove 656:669 Femoral groove 656:669 Femoral groove, medial and lateral femoral condyles, and tibial plateaus were harvested and used in the analysis. 24769230 6 65 theme Biomechanical 770:782 arg1 spectroscopy 806:817 spectroscopy 806:817 spectroscopy 806:817 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 6 65 theme Biomechanical 770:782 arg1 microscopy 791:800 microscopy 791:800 microscopy 791:800 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 6 65 theme Biomechanical 770:782 arg1 tests 784:788 Biomechanical tests 770:788 Biomechanical tests 770:788 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 11 66 theme % 1572:1572 arg1 depth 1561:1565 a cartilage depth 1549:1565 a cartilage depth of 60% 1549:1572 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 10 67 from regions 1440:1446 arg1 plateaus 1458:1465 tibial plateaus 1451:1465 tibial plateaus 1451:1465 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 10 67 from regions 1440:1446 arg1 groove 1479:1484 femoral groove 1471:1484 femoral groove 1471:1484 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 3 68 theme ACL 489:491 arg1 joints 528:533 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints 489:533 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints 489:533 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints were prepared for analysis at 4 weeks after ACLT. 24769230 3 68 theme ACL 489:491 arg1 C-L 523:525 C-L 523:525 C-L 523:525 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints were prepared for analysis at 4 weeks after ACLT. 24769230 8 69 theme moduli 1051:1056 arg1 result 1007:1012 a result 1005:1012 a result of ACLT, the equilibrium and dynamic moduli 1005:1056 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, the equilibrium and dynamic moduli were decreased primarily in the femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 13 70 dep structural 1931:1940 arg1 greatest 1922:1929 greatest 1922:1929 greatest 1922:1929 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage experienced the greatest structural and mechanical alterations in very early OA, as produced by ACLT. 24769230 6 71 used used 824:827 arg2 spectroscopy 806:817 spectroscopy 806:817 spectroscopy 806:817 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 6 71 used used 824:827 arg2 microscopy 791:800 microscopy 791:800 microscopy 791:800 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 6 71 used used 824:827 arg2 tests 784:788 Biomechanical tests 770:788 Biomechanical tests 770:788 Biomechanical tests, microscopy and spectroscopy were used to determine the biomechanical properties, composition and structure of the samples. 24769230 1 72 theme articular 244:252 arg1 cartilage 254:262 articular cartilage 244:262 articular cartilage 244:262 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 14 73 theme Degenerative 2008:2019 arg1 alterations 2021:2031 Degenerative alterations 2008:2031 Degenerative alterations 2008:2031 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 11 74 theme orientation 1500:1510 arg1 angle 1512:1516 The collagen orientation angle 1487:1516 The collagen orientation angle 1487:1516 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 10 75 theme ACLT 1275:1278 arg1 cartilage 1286:1294 the ACLT joint cartilage 1271:1294 the ACLT joint cartilage 1271:1294 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 15 76 theme early 2265:2269 arg1 stages 2271:2276 the early stages 2261:2276 the early stages of OA 2261:2282 The current findings provide novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint. 24769230 8 77 theme femoral 1090:1096 arg1 cartilage 1106:1114 the femoral condyle cartilage 1086:1114 the femoral condyle cartilage 1086:1114 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, the equilibrium and dynamic moduli were decreased primarily in the femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 14 78 theme deep 2169:2172 arg1 tissue 2174:2179 the deep tissue 2165:2179 the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage 2165:2208 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 14 79 located observed 2038:2045 arg1 organization 2092:2103 the superficial collagen fiber organization 2061:2103 the superficial collagen fiber organization 2061:2103 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 14 79 located observed 2038:2045 arg1 content 2112:2118 PG content 2109:2118 PG content 2109:2118 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 14 79 located observed 2038:2045 arg2 alterations 2021:2031 Degenerative alterations 2008:2031 Degenerative alterations 2008:2031 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 10 80 theme tibial 1451:1456 arg1 plateaus 1458:1465 tibial plateaus 1451:1465 tibial plateaus 1451:1465 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 15 81 theme current 2215:2221 arg1 findings 2223:2230 The current findings 2211:2230 The current findings 2211:2230 The current findings provide novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint. 24769230 1 82 theme site-dependent 188:201 arg1 changes 203:209 the site-dependent changes 184:209 the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint 184:287 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 12 83 theme ACLT 1776:1779 arg1 group 1781:1785 the ACLT group 1772:1785 the ACLT group 1772:1785 The collagen content was increased (P < 0.05) in the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group compared to the control group samples, especially in the lateral femoral condyle. 24769230 11 84 theme smaller 1620:1626 arg1 effects 1628:1634 smaller effects 1620:1634 smaller effects 1620:1634 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 1 85 theme anterior 361:368 arg1 ACLT 401:404 ACLT 401:404 ACLT 401:404 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 1 85 theme anterior 361:368 arg1 transection 388:398 anterior cruciate ligament transection 361:398 anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 361:405 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 12 86 theme middle 1747:1752 arg1 zones 1763:1767 the middle and deep zones 1743:1767 the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group 1743:1785 The collagen content was increased (P < 0.05) in the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group compared to the control group samples, especially in the lateral femoral condyle. 24769230 1 87 dep structure 218:226 arg1 the 214:216 the 214:216 the 214:216 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 1 88 theme ligament 379:386 arg1 ACLT 401:404 ACLT 401:404 ACLT 401:404 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 1 88 theme ligament 379:386 arg1 transection 388:398 anterior cruciate ligament transection 361:398 anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 361:405 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 7 89 theme statistical 950:960 arg1 comparisons 962:972 statistical comparisons 950:972 statistical comparisons between the groups 950:991 A linear mixed model was chosen for statistical comparisons between the groups. 24769230 12 90 theme deep 1758:1761 arg1 zones 1763:1767 the middle and deep zones 1743:1767 the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group 1743:1785 The collagen content was increased (P < 0.05) in the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group compared to the control group samples, especially in the lateral femoral condyle. 24769230 11 91 from ACLT 1577:1580 arg1 condyle 1605:1611 the lateral femoral condyle 1585:1611 the lateral femoral condyle 1585:1611 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 1 92 from changes 203:209 arg1 function 232:239 function 232:239 function 232:239 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 1 92 from changes 203:209 arg1 joint 283:287 the lapine knee joint 267:287 the lapine knee joint 267:287 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 1 92 from changes 203:209 arg1 structure 218:226 structure 218:226 structure 218:226 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 10 93 from surface 1352:1358 arg1 depth 1317:1321 a depth 1315:1321 a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface 1315:1358 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 5 94 theme lateral 683:689 arg1 condyles 699:706 medial and lateral femoral condyles 672:706 medial and lateral femoral condyles 672:706 Femoral groove, medial and lateral femoral condyles, and tibial plateaus were harvested and used in the analysis. 24769230 9 95 theme ACLT 1180:1183 arg1 group 1185:1189 the ACLT group 1176:1189 the ACLT group compared to the control group 1176:1219 Up to three times lower moduli (P < 0.05) were observed in the ACLT group compared to the control group. 24769230 2 96 theme Zealand 466:472 arg1 rabbits 480:486 eight mature New Zealand white rabbits 449:486 eight mature New Zealand white rabbits 449:486 METHODS Unilateral ACLT was performed in eight mature New Zealand white rabbits. 24769230 0 97 theme weeks 81:85 arg1 function 40:47 function 40:47 function 40:47 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 0 97 theme weeks 81:85 arg1 structure 26:34 structure 26:34 structure 26:34 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 1 98 theme osteoarthritis 314:327 arg1 stage 305:309 a very early stage 292:309 a very early stage 292:309 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 7 99 theme linear 916:921 arg1 model 929:933 A linear mixed model 914:933 A linear mixed model 914:933 A linear mixed model was chosen for statistical comparisons between the groups. 24769230 9 100 dep moduli 1141:1146 arg1 times 1129:1133 times 1129:1133 times 1129:1133 Up to three times lower moduli (P < 0.05) were observed in the ACLT group compared to the control group. 24769230 2 101 theme mature 455:460 arg1 rabbits 480:486 eight mature New Zealand white rabbits 449:486 eight mature New Zealand white rabbits 449:486 METHODS Unilateral ACLT was performed in eight mature New Zealand white rabbits. 24769230 0 102 from changes 15:21 arg1 function 40:47 function 40:47 function 40:47 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 0 102 from changes 15:21 arg1 structure 26:34 structure 26:34 structure 26:34 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 12 103 theme lateral 1844:1850 arg1 condyle 1860:1866 the lateral femoral condyle 1840:1866 the lateral femoral condyle 1840:1866 The collagen content was increased (P < 0.05) in the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group compared to the control group samples, especially in the lateral femoral condyle. 24769230 0 104 theme anterior 93:100 arg1 transection 120:130 anterior cruciate ligament transection 93:130 anterior cruciate ligament transection 93:130 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 13 105 theme Femoral 1880:1886 arg1 cartilage 1896:1904 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage 1869:1904 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage 1869:1904 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage experienced the greatest structural and mechanical alterations in very early OA, as produced by ACLT. 24769230 9 106 dep times 1129:1133 arg1 to 1120:1121 to 1120:1121 to 1120:1121 Up to three times lower moduli (P < 0.05) were observed in the ACLT group compared to the control group. 24769230 9 106 dep times 1129:1133 arg1 lower 1135:1139 lower 1135:1139 lower 1135:1139 Up to three times lower moduli (P < 0.05) were observed in the ACLT group compared to the control group. 24769230 3 107 from weeks 567:571 arg1 analysis 553:560 analysis 553:560 analysis at 4 weeks after ACLT 553:582 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints were prepared for analysis at 4 weeks after ACLT. 24769230 11 108 theme femoral 1597:1603 arg1 condyle 1605:1611 the lateral femoral condyle 1585:1611 the lateral femoral condyle 1585:1611 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 0 109 theme ligament 111:118 arg1 transection 120:130 anterior cruciate ligament transection 93:130 anterior cruciate ligament transection 93:130 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 14 110 theme PG 2109:2110 arg1 content 2112:2118 PG content 2109:2118 PG content 2109:2118 Degenerative alterations were observed especially in the superficial collagen fiber organization and PG content, while the collagen content was increased in the deep tissue of femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 5 111 theme medial 672:677 arg1 condyles 699:706 medial and lateral femoral condyles 672:706 medial and lateral femoral condyles 672:706 Femoral groove, medial and lateral femoral condyles, and tibial plateaus were harvested and used in the analysis. 24769230 15 112 theme joint 2319:2323 arg1 locations 2297:2305 different locations 2287:2305 different locations of the knee joint 2287:2323 The current findings provide novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint. 24769230 2 113 theme Unilateral 416:425 arg1 ACLT 427:430 METHODS Unilateral ACLT 408:430 METHODS Unilateral ACLT 408:430 METHODS Unilateral ACLT was performed in eight mature New Zealand white rabbits. 24769230 10 114 theme Significant 1222:1232 arg1 loss 1263:1266 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss 1222:1266 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage 1222:1294 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 13 115 theme structural 1931:1940 arg1 alterations 1957:1967 the greatest structural and mechanical alterations 1918:1967 the greatest structural and mechanical alterations in very early OA 1918:1984 CONCLUSION Femoral condyle cartilage experienced the greatest structural and mechanical alterations in very early OA, as produced by ACLT. 24769230 1 116 theme knee 278:281 arg1 joint 283:287 the lapine knee joint 267:287 the lapine knee joint 267:287 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the site-dependent changes in the structure and function of articular cartilage in the lapine knee joint at a very early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), created experimentally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 24769230 12 117 theme collagen 1698:1705 arg1 content 1707:1713 The collagen content 1694:1713 The collagen content 1694:1713 The collagen content was increased (P < 0.05) in the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group compared to the control group samples, especially in the lateral femoral condyle. 24769230 10 118 from loss 1263:1266 arg1 cartilage 1286:1294 the ACLT joint cartilage 1271:1294 the ACLT joint cartilage 1271:1294 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 10 119 theme cartilage 1342:1350 arg1 surface 1352:1358 the cartilage surface 1338:1358 the cartilage surface 1338:1358 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 10 120 theme proteoglycan 1245:1256 arg1 loss 1263:1266 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss 1222:1266 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage 1222:1294 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 0 121 theme lapine 52:57 arg1 cartilage 69:77 lapine articular cartilage 52:77 lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 52:130 Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 24769230 8 122 theme equilibrium 1027:1037 arg1 result 1007:1012 a result 1005:1012 a result of ACLT, the equilibrium and dynamic moduli 1005:1056 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, the equilibrium and dynamic moduli were decreased primarily in the femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 12 123 theme group 1811:1815 arg1 samples 1817:1823 the control group samples 1799:1823 the control group samples 1799:1823 The collagen content was increased (P < 0.05) in the middle and deep zones of the ACLT group compared to the control group samples, especially in the lateral femoral condyle. 24769230 10 124 theme P < 0.05 1235:1242 arg1 loss 1263:1266 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss 1222:1266 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage 1222:1294 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 11 125 theme other 1677:1681 arg1 locations 1683:1691 other locations 1677:1691 other locations 1677:1691 The collagen orientation angle was increased (P < 0.05) up to a cartilage depth of 60% by ACLT in the lateral femoral condyle, while smaller effects, but still significant, were observed at other locations. 24769230 8 126 theme dynamic 1043:1049 arg1 moduli 1051:1056 dynamic moduli 1043:1056 dynamic moduli 1043:1056 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, the equilibrium and dynamic moduli were decreased primarily in the femoral condyle cartilage. 24769230 10 127 located observed 1300:1307 arg2 loss 1263:1266 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss 1222:1266 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage 1222:1294 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 10 127 located observed 1300:1307 arg1 condyles 1371:1378 femoral condyles 1363:1378 femoral condyles 1363:1378 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 4 128 with rabbits 591:597 arg1 joints 611:616 intact joints 604:616 intact joints 604:616 Three rabbits with intact joints were used as a control group (CNTRL). 24769230 15 129 theme different 2287:2295 arg1 locations 2297:2305 different locations 2287:2305 different locations of the knee joint 2287:2323 The current findings provide novel information of the early stages of OA in different locations of the knee joint. 24769230 10 130 theme PG 1259:1260 arg1 loss 1263:1266 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss 1222:1266 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage 1222:1294 Significant (P < 0.05) proteoglycan (PG) loss in the ACLT joint cartilage was observed up to a depth of 20-30% from the cartilage surface in femoral condyles, while significant PG loss was confined to more superficial regions in tibial plateaus and femoral groove. 24769230 3 131 theme transected 493:502 arg1 joints 528:533 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints 489:533 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints 489:533 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints were prepared for analysis at 4 weeks after ACLT. 24769230 3 131 theme transected 493:502 arg1 C-L 523:525 C-L 523:525 C-L 523:525 ACL transected and contralateral (C-L) joints were prepared for analysis at 4 weeks after ACLT. 28926976 9 0 theme murine 1499:1504 arg1 cells 1518:1522 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1453:1522 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1453:1522 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 0 1 from repens 179:184 arg1 Activity 36:43 Antibacterial Activity 22:43 Antibacterial Activity 22:43 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 1 from repens 179:184 arg1 Effects 62:68 Synergistic Effects 50:68 Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens 50:184 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 1 from repens 179:184 arg1 Composition 9:19 Chemical Composition 0:19 Chemical Composition 0:19 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 1 from repens 179:184 arg1 Oil 161:163 Essential Oil 151:163 Essential Oil from Geophila repens 151:184 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 1 2 theme perennial 240:248 arg1 herb 250:253 a perennial herb 238:253 a perennial herb 238:253 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. 28926976 1 2 theme perennial 240:248 arg1 Johnst 230:235 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst 204:235 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst 204:235 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. 28926976 8 3 dep tested 1238:1243 arg1 FICI 1316:1319 FICI 1316:1319 FICI 1316:1319 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 8 3 dep tested 1238:1243 arg1 indices 1307:1313 fractional inhibitory concentration indices 1271:1313 fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13 1271:1328 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 10 4 theme antimicrobial 1649:1661 arg1 treatment 1663:1671 new antimicrobial treatment 1645:1671 new antimicrobial treatment 1645:1671 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 5 5 with combination 767:777 arg1 antibiotics 795:805 commercial antibiotics 784:805 commercial antibiotics 784:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 0 6 theme Inhibitory 128:137 arg1 Activity 139:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 8 7 theme prominent 1145:1153 arg1 effect 1167:1172 And the most prominent synergistic effect 1132:1172 effect 1167:1172 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 1 8 theme repens 213:218 arg1 herb 250:253 a perennial herb 238:253 a perennial herb 238:253 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. 28926976 1 8 theme repens 213:218 arg1 Johnst 230:235 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst 204:235 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst 204:235 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. 28926976 0 9 from Effects 62:68 arg1 repens 179:184 Geophila repens 170:184 Geophila repens 170:184 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 10 theme Oil 161:163 arg1 Effects 62:68 Synergistic Effects 50:68 Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens 50:184 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 10 theme Oil 161:163 arg1 Composition 9:19 Chemical Composition 0:19 Chemical Composition 0:19 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 10 theme Oil 161:163 arg1 Activity 36:43 Antibacterial Activity 22:43 Antibacterial Activity 22:43 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 3 11 theme oil 513:515 arg1 % 504:504 98.0% 500:504 98.0% of the oil 500:515 Totally, seventy-seven compounds were identified according to GC and GC-MS, which represent 98.0% of the oil. 28926976 3 11 theme oil 513:515 arg1 oil 513:515 the oil 509:515 the oil 509:515 Totally, seventy-seven compounds were identified according to GC and GC-MS, which represent 98.0% of the oil. 28926976 5 12 theme effects 747:753 arg1 activities 707:716 the antibacterial activities 689:716 the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics 689:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 9 13 from production 1439:1448 arg1 cells 1518:1522 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1453:1522 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1453:1522 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 0 14 theme Geophila 170:177 arg1 repens 179:184 Geophila repens 170:184 Geophila repens 170:184 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 10 15 theme resistance 1695:1704 arg1 reduction 1677:1685 reduction 1677:1685 reduction of drug resistance 1677:1704 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 10 15 theme resistance 1695:1704 arg1 treatment 1663:1671 new antimicrobial treatment 1645:1671 new antimicrobial treatment 1645:1671 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 9 16 theme assay 1370:1374 arg1 results 1350:1356 the results 1346:1356 the results of a Griess assay 1346:1374 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 10 17 contain has 1596:1598 arg1 combination 1544:1554 the combination 1540:1554 the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics 1540:1594 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 10 17 contain has 1596:1598 arg2 potential 1612:1620 significant potential 1600:1620 significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance 1600:1704 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 7 18 from effects 1109:1115 arg1 cases 1125:1129 most cases 1120:1129 most cases 1120:1129 It also showed that the combined application of GR-EO with antibiotics led to synergistic effects in most cases. 28926976 5 19 theme GR-EO 721:725 arg1 activities 707:716 the antibacterial activities 689:716 the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics 689:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 0 20 theme Conventional 75:86 arg1 Antibiotics 88:98 Conventional Antibiotics 75:98 Conventional Antibiotics 75:98 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 9 21 theme potent 1408:1413 arg1 effect 1426:1431 a potent inhibitory effect 1406:1431 a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1406:1522 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 5 22 theme GR-EO 758:762 arg1 effects 747:753 the synergistic effects 731:753 the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics 731:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 5 22 theme GR-EO 758:762 arg1 GR-EO 721:725 GR-EO 721:725 GR-EO 721:725 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 6 23 contain possessed 892:900 arg2 activity 944:951 an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity 902:951 an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity 902:951 The results demonstrated that GR-EO possessed an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. 28926976 6 23 contain possessed 892:900 arg1 GR-EO 886:890 GR-EO 886:890 GR-EO 886:890 The results demonstrated that GR-EO possessed an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. 28926976 2 24 theme Geophila 350:357 arg1 repens 359:364 the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) 346:386 the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) 346:386 In this study, we identified the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time. 28926976 7 25 theme GR-EO 1067:1071 arg1 application 1052:1062 the combined application 1039:1062 the combined application of GR-EO with antibiotics 1039:1088 It also showed that the combined application of GR-EO with antibiotics led to synergistic effects in most cases. 28926976 5 26 theme microdilution 817:829 arg1 method 848:853 the microdilution and Checkerboard method 813:853 method 848:853 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 6 27 theme antibacterial 930:942 arg1 activity 944:951 an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity 902:951 an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity 902:951 The results demonstrated that GR-EO possessed an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. 28926976 0 28 from Activity 36:43 arg1 repens 179:184 Geophila repens 170:184 Geophila repens 170:184 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 29 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 Composition 9:19 Chemical Composition 0:19 Chemical Composition 0:19 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 9 30 theme NO 1436:1437 arg1 production 1439:1448 NO production 1436:1448 NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1436:1522 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 6 31 theme broad 915:919 arg1 spectrum 921:928 an excellent broad spectrum 902:928 an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity 902:951 The results demonstrated that GR-EO possessed an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. 28926976 5 32 theme commercial 784:793 arg1 antibiotics 795:805 commercial antibiotics 784:805 commercial antibiotics 784:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 8 33 theme fractional 1271:1280 arg1 FICI 1316:1319 FICI 1316:1319 FICI 1316:1319 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 8 33 theme fractional 1271:1280 arg1 indices 1307:1313 fractional inhibitory concentration indices 1271:1313 fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13 1271:1328 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 2 34 theme essential 366:374 arg1 GR-EO 381:385 GR-EO 381:385 GR-EO 381:385 In this study, we identified the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time. 28926976 2 34 theme essential 366:374 arg1 oil 376:378 essential oil 366:378 the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) 346:386 In this study, we identified the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time. 28926976 8 35 theme concentration 1293:1305 arg1 FICI 1316:1319 FICI 1316:1319 FICI 1316:1319 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 8 35 theme concentration 1293:1305 arg1 indices 1307:1313 fractional inhibitory concentration indices 1271:1313 fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13 1271:1328 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 10 36 theme GR-EO 1559:1563 arg1 combination 1544:1554 the combination 1540:1554 the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics 1540:1594 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 9 37 theme RAW 1488:1490 arg1 cells 1518:1522 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1453:1522 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1453:1522 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 2 38 theme repens 359:364 arg1 composition 331:341 the chemical composition 318:341 the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time 318:405 In this study, we identified the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time. 28926976 10 39 theme antibiotics 1584:1594 arg1 combination 1544:1554 the combination 1540:1554 the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics 1540:1594 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 5 40 from combination 767:777 arg1 activities 707:716 the antibacterial activities 689:716 the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics 689:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 0 41 with Activity 36:43 arg1 Antibiotics 88:98 Conventional Antibiotics 75:98 Conventional Antibiotics 75:98 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 41 with Activity 36:43 arg1 Activity 139:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 9 42 theme macrophage 1506:1515 arg1 cells 1518:1522 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1453:1522 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1453:1522 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 7 43 theme most 1120:1123 arg1 cases 1125:1129 most cases 1120:1129 most cases 1120:1129 It also showed that the combined application of GR-EO with antibiotics led to synergistic effects in most cases. 28926976 0 44 with Effects 62:68 arg1 Antibiotics 88:98 Conventional Antibiotics 75:98 Conventional Antibiotics 75:98 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 44 with Effects 62:68 arg1 Activity 139:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 10 45 theme significant 1600:1610 arg1 potential 1612:1620 significant potential 1600:1620 significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance 1600:1704 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 10 46 theme new 1645:1647 arg1 treatment 1663:1671 new antimicrobial treatment 1645:1671 new antimicrobial treatment 1645:1671 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 5 47 theme antibacterial 693:705 arg1 activities 707:716 the antibacterial activities 689:716 the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics 689:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 8 48 theme 0.13 1325:1328 arg1 FICI 1316:1319 FICI 1316:1319 FICI 1316:1319 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 8 48 theme 0.13 1325:1328 arg1 indices 1307:1313 fractional inhibitory concentration indices 1271:1313 fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13 1271:1328 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 7 49 with application 1052:1062 arg1 antibiotics 1078:1088 antibiotics 1078:1088 antibiotics 1078:1088 It also showed that the combined application of GR-EO with antibiotics led to synergistic effects in most cases. 28926976 4 50 theme GR-EO 546:550 arg1 β-caryophyllene 557:571 β-caryophyllene 557:571 β-caryophyllene (23.3%) 557:579 And the major components of GR-EO were β-caryophyllene (23.3%), β-elemene (8.0%), farnesyl butanoate (7.4%), myrcene (3.5%), and trans-nerolidol (3.3%). 28926976 4 50 theme GR-EO 546:550 arg1 components 532:541 the major components 522:541 the major components of GR-EO 522:550 And the major components of GR-EO were β-caryophyllene (23.3%), β-elemene (8.0%), farnesyl butanoate (7.4%), myrcene (3.5%), and trans-nerolidol (3.3%). 28926976 0 51 theme Essential 151:159 arg1 Oil 161:163 Essential Oil 151:163 Essential Oil from Geophila repens 151:184 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 10 52 theme reduction 1677:1685 arg1 development 1630:1640 the development 1626:1640 the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance 1626:1704 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 1 53 theme Geophila 204:211 arg1 L. 221:222 L. 221:222 L. 221:222 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. 28926976 1 53 theme Geophila 204:211 arg1 repens 213:218 Geophila repens 204:218 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst 204:235 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. 28926976 10 54 theme treatment 1663:1671 arg1 development 1630:1640 the development 1626:1640 the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance 1626:1704 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 5 55 theme synergistic 735:745 arg1 effects 747:753 the synergistic effects 731:753 the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics 731:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 8 56 theme synergistic 1155:1165 arg1 effect 1167:1172 And the most prominent synergistic effect 1132:1172 effect 1167:1172 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 9 57 theme Griess 1363:1368 arg1 assay 1370:1374 a Griess assay 1361:1374 a Griess assay 1361:1374 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 4 58 theme farnesyl 600:607 arg1 % 623:623 7.4% 620:623 7.4% 620:623 And the major components of GR-EO were β-caryophyllene (23.3%), β-elemene (8.0%), farnesyl butanoate (7.4%), myrcene (3.5%), and trans-nerolidol (3.3%). 28926976 4 58 theme farnesyl 600:607 arg1 butanoate 609:617 farnesyl butanoate 600:617 farnesyl butanoate (7.4%) 600:624 And the major components of GR-EO were β-caryophyllene (23.3%), β-elemene (8.0%), farnesyl butanoate (7.4%), myrcene (3.5%), and trans-nerolidol (3.3%). 28926976 7 59 theme synergistic 1097:1107 arg1 effects 1109:1115 synergistic effects 1097:1115 synergistic effects in most cases 1097:1129 It also showed that the combined application of GR-EO with antibiotics led to synergistic effects in most cases. 28926976 10 60 theme drug 1690:1693 arg1 resistance 1695:1704 drug resistance 1690:1704 drug resistance 1690:1704 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 5 61 from activities 707:716 arg1 combination 767:777 combination 767:777 combination with commercial antibiotics 767:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 8 62 with combination 1204:1214 arg1 Streptomycin 1221:1232 Streptomycin 1221:1232 Streptomycin 1221:1232 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 9 63 from effect 1426:1431 arg1 production 1439:1448 NO production 1436:1448 NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1436:1522 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 0 64 from Composition 9:19 arg1 repens 179:184 Geophila repens 170:184 Geophila repens 170:184 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 65 theme Nitric 104:109 arg1 Oxide 111:115 Nitric Oxide 104:115 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 5 66 theme Checkerboard 835:846 arg1 method 848:853 the microdilution and Checkerboard method 813:853 method 848:853 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 0 67 theme Production 117:126 arg1 Activity 139:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 5 68 from GR-EO 721:725 arg1 combination 767:777 combination 767:777 combination with commercial antibiotics 767:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 9 69 theme inhibitory 1415:1424 arg1 effect 1426:1431 a potent inhibitory effect 1406:1431 a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1406:1522 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 7 70 theme combined 1043:1050 arg1 application 1052:1062 the combined application 1039:1062 the combined application of GR-EO with antibiotics 1039:1088 It also showed that the combined application of GR-EO with antibiotics led to synergistic effects in most cases. 28926976 6 71 theme spectrum 921:928 arg1 activity 944:951 an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity 902:951 an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity 902:951 The results demonstrated that GR-EO possessed an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. 28926976 0 72 theme Antibacterial 22:34 arg1 Activity 36:43 Antibacterial Activity 22:43 Antibacterial Activity 22:43 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 5 73 from effects 747:753 arg1 combination 767:777 combination 767:777 combination with commercial antibiotics 767:805 Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. 28926976 6 74 theme excellent 905:913 arg1 spectrum 921:928 an excellent broad spectrum 902:928 an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity 902:951 The results demonstrated that GR-EO possessed an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. 28926976 2 75 theme chemical 322:329 arg1 composition 331:341 the chemical composition 318:341 the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time 318:405 In this study, we identified the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time. 28926976 0 76 dep L. 187:188 arg1 Johnst 196:201 Johnst 196:201 Johnst 196:201 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 2 77 dep repens 359:364 arg1 GR-EO 381:385 GR-EO 381:385 GR-EO 381:385 In this study, we identified the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time. 28926976 2 77 dep repens 359:364 arg1 oil 376:378 essential oil 366:378 the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) 346:386 In this study, we identified the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time. 28926976 0 78 theme Oxide 111:115 arg1 Activity 139:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 79 theme Synergistic 50:60 arg1 Effects 62:68 Synergistic Effects 50:68 Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens 50:184 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 1 80 theme Rubiaceae 271:279 arg1 family 281:286 the Rubiaceae family 267:286 the Rubiaceae family 267:286 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. 28926976 2 81 theme first 396:400 arg1 time 402:405 the first time 392:405 the first time 392:405 In this study, we identified the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time. 28926976 8 82 theme inhibitory 1282:1291 arg1 FICI 1316:1319 FICI 1316:1319 FICI 1316:1319 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 8 82 theme inhibitory 1282:1291 arg1 indices 1307:1313 fractional inhibitory concentration indices 1271:1313 fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13 1271:1328 And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). 28926976 0 83 with Composition 9:19 arg1 Antibiotics 88:98 Conventional Antibiotics 75:98 Conventional Antibiotics 75:98 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 0 83 with Composition 9:19 arg1 Activity 139:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity 104:146 Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. 28926976 9 84 theme -activated 1477:1486 arg1 cells 1518:1522 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1453:1522 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells 1453:1522 Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. 28926976 4 85 theme major 526:530 arg1 β-caryophyllene 557:571 β-caryophyllene 557:571 β-caryophyllene (23.3%) 557:579 And the major components of GR-EO were β-caryophyllene (23.3%), β-elemene (8.0%), farnesyl butanoate (7.4%), myrcene (3.5%), and trans-nerolidol (3.3%). 28926976 4 85 theme major 526:530 arg1 components 532:541 the major components 522:541 the major components of GR-EO 522:550 And the major components of GR-EO were β-caryophyllene (23.3%), β-elemene (8.0%), farnesyl butanoate (7.4%), myrcene (3.5%), and trans-nerolidol (3.3%). 28926976 3 86 theme seventy-seven 417:429 arg1 compounds 431:439 seventy-seven compounds 417:439 seventy-seven compounds 417:439 Totally, seventy-seven compounds were identified according to GC and GC-MS, which represent 98.0% of the oil. 28926976 10 87 theme commercial 1573:1582 arg1 antibiotics 1584:1594 the commercial antibiotics 1569:1594 the commercial antibiotics 1569:1594 In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance. 28926976 1 88 theme I.M. 225:228 arg1 herb 250:253 a perennial herb 238:253 a perennial herb 238:253 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. 28926976 1 88 theme I.M. 225:228 arg1 Johnst 230:235 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst 204:235 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst 204:235 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. 26062993 3 0 theme gut 709:711 arg1 microbiota 713:722 the gut microbiota 705:722 the gut microbiota 705:722 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can be eliminated by antibiotic treatment and animal co-housing, suggesting the involvement of the gut microbiota. 26062993 6 1 theme omega-3 1322:1328 arg1 excess 1286:1291 the excess 1282:1291 the excess of omega-6 1282:1302 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 6 1 theme omega-3 1322:1328 arg1 deficiency 1308:1317 deficiency 1308:1317 deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet 1308:1355 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 2 2 theme fatty 322:326 arg1 acids 328:332 omega-6 fatty acids 314:332 omega-6 fatty acids 314:332 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 1 3 theme many 249:252 arg1 diseases 262:269 many chronic diseases 249:269 many chronic diseases 249:269 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 1 4 attach derived 153:159 arg1 dysbiosis 170:178 gut dysbiosis 166:178 gut dysbiosis 166:178 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 1 4 attach derived 153:159 arg2 cause 194:198 a primary cause 184:198 a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases 184:269 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 1 4 attach derived 153:159 arg2 endotoxemia 131:141 Metabolic endotoxemia 121:141 Metabolic endotoxemia 121:141 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 3 5 theme opposing 551:558 arg1 effects 560:566 These opposing effects 545:566 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids 545:608 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can be eliminated by antibiotic treatment and animal co-housing, suggesting the involvement of the gut microbiota. 26062993 5 6 theme fatty 1263:1267 arg1 acids 1269:1273 omega-3 fatty acids 1255:1273 omega-3 fatty acids 1255:1273 Our findings uncover an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids. 26062993 3 7 theme microbiota 713:722 arg1 involvement 690:700 the involvement 686:700 the involvement of the gut microbiota 686:722 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can be eliminated by antibiotic treatment and animal co-housing, suggesting the involvement of the gut microbiota. 26062993 6 8 theme omega-6 1296:1302 arg1 excess 1286:1291 the excess 1282:1291 the excess of omega-6 1282:1302 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 6 8 theme omega-6 1296:1302 arg1 deficiency 1308:1317 deficiency 1308:1317 deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet 1308:1355 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 4 9 theme alkaline 879:886 arg1 IAP 901:903 IAP 901:903 IAP 901:903 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 4 9 theme alkaline 879:886 arg1 phosphatase 888:898 intestinal alkaline phosphatase 868:898 intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) 868:904 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 4 10 theme gut 1018:1020 arg1 permeability 1022:1033 gut permeability 1018:1033 gut permeability 1018:1033 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 6 11 theme differential 1362:1373 arg1 effects 1375:1381 the differential effects 1358:1381 the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia 1358:1467 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 4 12 theme bacteria 940:947 arg1 composition 949:959 the gut bacteria composition 932:959 the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation 932:1097 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 6 13 from excess 1286:1291 arg1 diet 1352:1355 the modern Western diet 1333:1355 the modern Western diet 1333:1355 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 3 14 theme acids 604:608 arg1 effects 560:566 These opposing effects 545:566 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids 545:608 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can be eliminated by antibiotic treatment and animal co-housing, suggesting the involvement of the gut microbiota. 26062993 1 15 theme chronic 203:209 arg1 inflammation 221:232 chronic low grade inflammation 203:232 chronic low grade inflammation 203:232 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 6 16 theme Western 1344:1350 arg1 diet 1352:1355 the modern Western diet 1333:1355 the modern Western diet 1333:1355 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 4 17 from changes 921:927 arg1 composition 949:959 the gut bacteria composition 932:959 the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation 932:1097 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 1 18 theme Metabolic 121:129 arg1 endotoxemia 131:141 Metabolic endotoxemia 121:141 Metabolic endotoxemia 121:141 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 1 18 theme Metabolic 121:129 arg1 cause 194:198 a primary cause 184:198 a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases 184:269 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 6 19 theme acids 1419:1423 arg1 effects 1375:1381 the differential effects 1358:1381 the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia 1358:1467 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 5 20 theme acid 1162:1165 arg1 composition 1167:1177 tissue fatty acid composition 1149:1177 tissue fatty acid composition 1149:1177 Our findings uncover an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids. 26062993 2 21 theme fatty 475:479 arg1 acids 481:485 omega-3 fatty acids 467:485 omega-3 fatty acids 467:485 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 0 22 theme omega-3 75:81 arg1 acids 89:93 omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids 63:93 acids 89:93 A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia. 26062993 1 23 theme gut 166:168 arg1 dysbiosis 170:178 gut dysbiosis 166:178 gut dysbiosis 166:178 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 2 24 theme inflammatory 524:535 arg1 status 537:542 inflammatory status 524:542 inflammatory status 524:542 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 0 25 theme acids 89:93 arg1 effects 52:58 the opposing effects 39:58 the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia 39:118 A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia. 26062993 4 26 theme decreased 974:982 arg1 production 1003:1012 decreased lipopolysaccharide production 974:1012 decreased lipopolysaccharide production 974:1012 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 0 27 from effects 52:58 arg1 endotoxemia 108:118 metabolic endotoxemia 98:118 metabolic endotoxemia 98:118 A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia. 26062993 4 28 theme elevated 785:792 arg1 acids 815:819 elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids 785:819 elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids 785:819 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 2 29 theme endotoxemia 369:379 arg1 levels 349:354 higher levels 342:354 higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation 342:415 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 0 30 theme metabolic 98:106 arg1 endotoxemia 108:118 metabolic endotoxemia 98:118 metabolic endotoxemia 98:118 A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia. 26062993 5 31 theme tissue 1149:1154 arg1 composition 1167:1177 tissue fatty acid composition 1149:1177 tissue fatty acid composition 1149:1177 Our findings uncover an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids. 26062993 0 32 theme opposing 43:50 arg1 effects 52:58 the opposing effects 39:58 the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia 39:118 A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia. 26062993 4 33 theme reduced 1052:1058 arg1 endotoxemia 1070:1080 reduced metabolic endotoxemia 1052:1080 reduced metabolic endotoxemia 1052:1080 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 4 34 theme microbiota 741:750 arg1 Analysis 725:732 Analysis 725:732 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer 725:769 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 4 35 from endotoxemia 1070:1080 arg1 production 1003:1012 decreased lipopolysaccharide production 974:1012 decreased lipopolysaccharide production 974:1012 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 4 35 from endotoxemia 1070:1080 arg1 permeability 1022:1033 gut permeability 1018:1033 gut permeability 1018:1033 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 4 36 theme fecal 756:760 arg1 transfer 762:769 fecal transfer 756:769 fecal transfer 756:769 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 2 37 theme inflammation 404:415 arg1 levels 349:354 higher levels 342:354 higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation 342:415 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 6 38 from effects 1375:1381 arg1 microbiota 1432:1441 gut microbiota 1428:1441 gut microbiota 1428:1441 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 6 38 from effects 1375:1381 arg1 endotoxemia 1457:1467 metabolic endotoxemia 1447:1467 metabolic endotoxemia 1447:1467 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 3 39 theme animal 656:661 arg1 co-housing 663:672 animal co-housing 656:672 animal co-housing 656:672 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can be eliminated by antibiotic treatment and animal co-housing, suggesting the involvement of the gut microbiota. 26062993 4 40 theme intestinal 829:838 arg1 production 840:849 intestinal production 829:849 intestinal production 829:849 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 2 41 theme systemic 385:392 arg1 inflammation 404:415 systemic low-grade inflammation 385:415 systemic low-grade inflammation 385:415 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 6 42 dep etiology 1494:1501 arg1 the 1490:1492 the 1490:1492 the 1490:1492 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 2 43 theme tissue 449:454 arg1 conversion 435:444 transgenic conversion 424:444 transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids 424:485 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 0 44 theme omega-6 63:69 arg1 acids 89:93 omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids 63:93 acids 89:93 A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia. 26062993 6 45 theme gut 1428:1430 arg1 microbiota 1432:1441 gut microbiota 1428:1441 gut microbiota 1428:1441 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 5 46 dep host 1144:1147 arg1 composition 1167:1177 tissue fatty acid composition 1149:1177 tissue fatty acid composition 1149:1177 Our findings uncover an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids. 26062993 2 47 theme high 306:309 arg1 diet 301:304 a diet 299:304 a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids 299:332 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 5 48 theme acids 1269:1273 arg1 effect 1245:1250 the anti-inflammatory effect 1223:1250 the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids 1223:1273 Our findings uncover an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids. 26062993 2 49 theme higher 342:347 arg1 levels 349:354 higher levels 342:354 higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation 342:415 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 1 50 theme inflammation 221:232 arg1 endotoxemia 131:141 Metabolic endotoxemia 121:141 Metabolic endotoxemia 121:141 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 1 50 theme inflammation 221:232 arg1 cause 194:198 a primary cause 184:198 a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases 184:269 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 6 51 theme fatty 1413:1417 arg1 acids 1419:1423 tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids 1386:1423 acids 1419:1423 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 4 52 theme phosphatase 888:898 arg1 secretion 855:863 secretion 855:863 secretion 855:863 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 4 52 theme phosphatase 888:898 arg1 production 840:849 intestinal production 829:849 intestinal production 829:849 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 2 53 from high 306:309 arg1 acids 328:332 omega-6 fatty acids 314:332 omega-6 fatty acids 314:332 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 1 54 theme chronic 254:260 arg1 diseases 262:269 many chronic diseases 249:269 many chronic diseases 249:269 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 2 55 from acids 328:332 arg1 high 306:309 high 306:309 high 306:309 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 3 56 theme tissue 571:576 arg1 effects 560:566 These opposing effects 545:566 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids 545:608 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can be eliminated by antibiotic treatment and animal co-housing, suggesting the involvement of the gut microbiota. 26062993 4 57 theme intestinal 868:877 arg1 IAP 901:903 IAP 901:903 IAP 901:903 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 4 57 theme intestinal 868:877 arg1 phosphatase 888:898 intestinal alkaline phosphatase 868:898 intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) 868:904 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 1 58 theme primary 186:192 arg1 endotoxemia 131:141 Metabolic endotoxemia 121:141 Metabolic endotoxemia 121:141 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 1 58 theme primary 186:192 arg1 cause 194:198 a primary cause 184:198 a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases 184:269 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 3 59 theme fatty 598:602 arg1 acids 604:608 tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids 571:608 acids 604:608 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can be eliminated by antibiotic treatment and animal co-housing, suggesting the involvement of the gut microbiota. 26062993 6 60 theme epidemics 1536:1544 arg1 management 1507:1516 management 1507:1516 management 1507:1516 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 6 60 theme epidemics 1536:1544 arg1 etiology 1494:1501 etiology 1494:1501 etiology 1494:1501 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 4 61 theme gut 936:938 arg1 bacteria 940:947 gut bacteria 936:947 the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation 932:1097 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 6 62 theme modern 1337:1342 arg1 diet 1352:1355 the modern Western diet 1333:1355 the modern Western diet 1333:1355 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 4 63 theme lipopolysaccharide 984:1001 arg1 production 1003:1012 decreased lipopolysaccharide production 974:1012 decreased lipopolysaccharide production 974:1012 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 1 64 theme low 211:213 arg1 inflammation 221:232 chronic low grade inflammation 203:232 chronic low grade inflammation 203:232 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 0 65 theme fatty 83:87 arg1 acids 89:93 omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids 63:93 acids 89:93 A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia. 26062993 4 66 from inflammation 1086:1097 arg1 production 1003:1012 decreased lipopolysaccharide production 974:1012 decreased lipopolysaccharide production 974:1012 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 4 66 from inflammation 1086:1097 arg1 permeability 1022:1033 gut permeability 1018:1033 gut permeability 1018:1033 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 2 67 theme omega-3 467:473 arg1 acids 481:485 omega-3 fatty acids 467:485 omega-3 fatty acids 467:485 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 5 68 theme gut 1183:1185 arg1 microbiota 1187:1196 gut microbiota 1183:1196 gut microbiota 1183:1196 Our findings uncover an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids. 26062993 4 69 theme transfer 762:769 arg1 Analysis 725:732 Analysis 725:732 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer 725:769 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 6 70 theme tissue 1386:1391 arg1 effects 1375:1381 the differential effects 1358:1381 the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia 1358:1467 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 1 71 theme grade 215:219 arg1 inflammation 221:232 chronic low grade inflammation 203:232 chronic low grade inflammation 203:232 Metabolic endotoxemia, commonly derived from gut dysbiosis, is a primary cause of chronic low grade inflammation that underlies many chronic diseases. 26062993 2 72 theme metabolic 359:367 arg1 endotoxemia 369:379 metabolic endotoxemia 359:379 metabolic endotoxemia 359:379 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 0 73 theme host-microbiome 2:16 arg1 interaction 18:28 A host-microbiome interaction 0:28 A host-microbiome interaction 0:28 A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia. 26062993 5 74 theme fatty 1156:1160 arg1 composition 1167:1177 tissue fatty acid composition 1149:1177 tissue fatty acid composition 1149:1177 Our findings uncover an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids. 26062993 2 75 theme transgenic 424:433 arg1 conversion 435:444 transgenic conversion 424:444 transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids 424:485 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 4 76 theme gut 737:739 arg1 microbiota 741:750 gut microbiota 737:750 gut microbiota 737:750 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 4 77 theme metabolic 1060:1068 arg1 endotoxemia 1070:1080 reduced metabolic endotoxemia 1052:1080 reduced metabolic endotoxemia 1052:1080 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 2 78 theme low-grade 394:402 arg1 inflammation 404:415 systemic low-grade inflammation 385:415 systemic low-grade inflammation 385:415 Here we show that mice fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids exhibit higher levels of metabolic endotoxemia and systemic low-grade inflammation, while transgenic conversion of tissue omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces endotoxemic and inflammatory status. 26062993 6 79 theme metabolic 1447:1455 arg1 endotoxemia 1457:1467 metabolic endotoxemia 1447:1467 metabolic endotoxemia 1447:1467 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 5 80 theme anti-inflammatory 1227:1243 arg1 effect 1245:1250 the anti-inflammatory effect 1223:1250 the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids 1223:1273 Our findings uncover an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids. 26062993 3 81 theme antibiotic 631:640 arg1 treatment 642:650 antibiotic treatment 631:650 antibiotic treatment 631:650 These opposing effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can be eliminated by antibiotic treatment and animal co-housing, suggesting the involvement of the gut microbiota. 26062993 6 82 theme health 1529:1534 arg1 epidemics 1536:1544 today's health epidemics 1521:1544 today's health epidemics 1521:1544 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 5 83 theme novel 1203:1207 arg1 mechanism 1209:1217 a novel mechanism 1201:1217 a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids 1201:1273 Our findings uncover an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids. 26062993 5 83 theme novel 1203:1207 arg1 interaction 1124:1134 an interaction 1121:1134 an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota 1121:1196 Our findings uncover an interaction between host tissue fatty acid composition and gut microbiota as a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids. 26062993 4 84 theme tissue 794:799 arg1 acids 815:819 elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids 785:819 elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids 785:819 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 26062993 6 85 from deficiency 1308:1317 arg1 diet 1352:1355 the modern Western diet 1333:1355 the modern Western diet 1333:1355 Given the excess of omega-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia provide insight into the etiology and management of today's health epidemics. 26062993 4 86 theme fatty 809:813 arg1 acids 815:819 elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids 785:819 elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids 785:819 Analysis of gut microbiota and fecal transfer revealed that elevated tissue omega-3 fatty acids enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which induces changes in the gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability, and ultimately, reduced metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. 28920827 7 0 theme strain 1154:1159 arg1 8BXZ-J1T 1161:1168 strain 8BXZ-J1T 1154:1168 strain 8BXZ-J1T 1154:1168 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 9 1 theme name 1390:1393 arg1 sp 1420:1421 the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp 1386:1421 the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp 1386:1421 These data demonstrate that strain 8BXZ-J1T is representative of a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 28920827 7 2 theme 8BXZ-J1T 1161:1168 arg1 acids 1145:1149 The major fatty acids 1129:1149 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T 1129:1168 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 7 2 theme 8BXZ-J1T 1161:1168 arg1 C18  1175:1178 C18  1175:1178 C18  1175:1178 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 4 3 theme gene 543:546 arg1 sequences 548:556 16S rRNA gene sequences 534:556 16S rRNA gene sequences 534:556 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 6 4 theme lipid 993:997 arg1 acid 888:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 4 theme lipid 993:997 arg1 profile 999:1005 a polar lipid profile 985:1005 a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids 985:1126 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 4 5 theme genus 605:609 arg1 Marmoricola 611:621 the genus Marmoricola 601:621 the genus Marmoricola 601:621 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 2 6 theme endophytic 107:116 arg1 actinobacterium 118:132 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 99:132 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 99:132 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 8 7 theme DNA 1250:1252 arg1 G+C content 1223:1233 The G+C content 1219:1233 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1219:1252 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.7 mol%. 28920827 8 7 theme DNA 1250:1252 arg1 % 1266:1266 68.7 mol% 1258:1266 68.7 mol% 1258:1266 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.7 mol%. 28920827 4 8 theme Phylogenetic 503:514 arg1 analysis 516:523 Phylogenetic analysis 503:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 503:556 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 8 9 theme genomic 1242:1248 arg1 DNA 1250:1252 the genomic DNA 1238:1252 the genomic DNA 1238:1252 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.7 mol%. 28920827 7 10 theme major 1133:1137 arg1 acids 1145:1149 The major fatty acids 1129:1149 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T 1129:1168 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 7 10 theme major 1133:1137 arg1 C18  1175:1178 C18  1175:1178 C18  1175:1178 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 9 11 theme strain 1297:1302 arg1 8BXZ-J1T 1304:1311 strain 8BXZ-J1T 1297:1311 strain 8BXZ-J1T 1297:1311 These data demonstrate that strain 8BXZ-J1T is representative of a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 28920827 9 12 theme Marmoricola 1363:1373 arg1 species 1342:1348 a novel species 1334:1348 a novel species 1334:1348 These data demonstrate that strain 8BXZ-J1T is representative of a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 28920827 7 13 dep  0 1203:1204 arg1  0 1215:1216  0 1215:1216  0 1215:1216 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 5 14 theme w/v 813:815 arg1 optimum 824:830 optimum 824:830 optimum 824:830 The isolate grew at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %). 28920827 5 14 theme w/v 813:815 arg1 NaCl 818:821 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 805:821 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %) 805:840 The isolate grew at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %). 28920827 7 15 theme fatty 1139:1143 arg1 acids 1145:1149 The major fatty acids 1129:1149 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T 1129:1168 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 7 15 theme fatty 1139:1143 arg1 C18  1175:1178 C18  1175:1178 C18  1175:1178 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 1 16 theme Thespesia 79:87 arg1 populnea 89:96 Thespesia populnea 79:96 Thespesia populnea 79:96 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Thespesia populnea. 28920827 6 17 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 866:886 arg1 acid 888:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 17 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 866:886 arg1 profile 999:1005 a polar lipid profile 985:1005 a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids 985:1126 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 17 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 866:886 arg1 acid 919:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 896:943 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 0 18 theme endophyticus 12:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Marmoricola endophyticus sp 0:26 Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 0:27 Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 28920827 2 19 theme strain 146:151 arg1 8BXZ-J1T 153:160 strain 8BXZ-J1T 146:160 strain 8BXZ-J1T 146:160 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 3 20 dep Gram-stain-positive 421:439 arg1 rod-shaped 491:500 rod-shaped 491:500 rod-shaped 491:500 Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile and short rod-shaped. 28920827 5 21 theme NaCl 818:821 arg1 presence 793:800 the presence 789:800 the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %) 789:840 The isolate grew at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %). 28920827 0 22 theme Marmoricola 0:10 arg1 sp 25:26 Marmoricola endophyticus sp 0:26 Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 0:27 Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 28920827 11 23 theme type 1446:1449 arg1 strain 1451:1456 The type strain 1442:1456 The type strain 1442:1456 The type strain is 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T). 28920827 11 23 theme type 1446:1449 arg1 8BXZ-J1T 1461:1468 8BXZ-J1T 1461:1468 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T) 1461:1498 The type strain is 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T). 28920827 7 24 dep C18  1175:1178 arg1 C16  1210:1213 C16  1210:1213 C16  1210:1213 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 7 24 dep C18  1175:1178 arg1  0 1203:1204  0 1203:1204  0 1203:1204 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 7 24 dep C18  1175:1178 arg1  0 1180:1181  0 1180:1181  0 1180:1181 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 5 25 theme % 810:810 arg1 optimum 824:830 optimum 824:830 optimum 824:830 The isolate grew at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %). 28920827 5 25 theme % 810:810 arg1 NaCl 818:821 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 805:821 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %) 805:840 The isolate grew at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %). 28920827 6 26 theme diamino 911:917 arg1 acid 888:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 26 theme diamino 911:917 arg1 acid 919:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 896:943 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 9 27 theme novel 1336:1340 arg1 species 1342:1348 a novel species 1334:1348 a novel species 1334:1348 These data demonstrate that strain 8BXZ-J1T is representative of a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 28920827 5 28 dep optimum 824:830 arg1 % 839:839 0-5.0 % 833:839 0-5.0 % 833:839 The isolate grew at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %). 28920827 4 29 theme DSM 679:681 arg1 27140T 683:688 Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T 656:688 Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %) 656:697 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 4 29 theme DSM 679:681 arg1 % 696:696 96.9 % 691:696 96.9 % 691:696 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 6 30 theme diagnostic 900:909 arg1 acid 888:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 30 theme diagnostic 900:909 arg1 acid 919:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 896:943 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 5 31 dep optimum 765:771 arg1 pH 774:775 pH 7.0 774:779 pH 7.0 774:779 The isolate grew at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %). 28920827 2 32 from Reserve 293:299 arg1 China 313:317 China 313:317 China 313:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 6 33 theme major 962:966 arg1 menaquinone 968:978 the major menaquinone 958:978 the major menaquinone 958:978 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 2 34 theme surface-sterilized 181:198 arg1 branches 200:207 surface-sterilized branches 181:207 surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China 181:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 2 35 theme Mangrove 261:268 arg1 Reserve 293:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve 246:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China 246:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 2 36 attach isolated 167:174 arg1 branches 200:207 surface-sterilized branches 181:207 surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China 181:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 2 36 attach isolated 167:174 arg2 actinobacterium 118:132 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 99:132 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 99:132 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 6 37 theme polar 987:991 arg1 acid 888:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 37 theme polar 987:991 arg1 profile 999:1005 a polar lipid profile 985:1005 a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids 985:1126 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 2 38 theme novel 101:105 arg1 actinobacterium 118:132 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 99:132 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 99:132 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 6 39 theme peptidoglycan 931:943 arg1 acid 888:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 39 theme peptidoglycan 931:943 arg1 H4 951:952 H4 951:952 H4 951:952 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 39 theme peptidoglycan 931:943 arg1 profile 999:1005 a polar lipid profile 985:1005 a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids 985:1126 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 39 theme peptidoglycan 931:943 arg1 MK-8 946:949 MK-8 946:949 MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone 946:978 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 39 theme peptidoglycan 931:943 arg1 acid 919:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 896:943 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 2 40 theme Estuary 253:259 arg1 Reserve 293:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve 246:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China 246:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 11 41 theme 39789T=CGMCC 1477:1488 arg1 1.16067T 1490:1497 =KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T 1471:1497 =KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T 1471:1497 The type strain is 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T). 28920827 11 41 theme 39789T=CGMCC 1477:1488 arg1 8BXZ-J1T 1461:1468 8BXZ-J1T 1461:1468 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T) 1461:1498 The type strain is 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T). 28920827 3 42 theme isolate 408:414 arg1 Cells 395:399 Cells 395:399 Cells of the isolate 395:414 Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile and short rod-shaped. 28920827 2 43 theme Beilun 246:251 arg1 Reserve 293:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve 246:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China 246:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 4 44 theme rRNA 538:541 arg1 sequences 548:556 16S rRNA gene sequences 534:556 16S rRNA gene sequences 534:556 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 4 45 theme strain 573:578 arg1 8BXZ-J1T 580:587 strain 8BXZ-J1T 573:587 strain 8BXZ-J1T 573:587 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 4 46 dep Marmoricola 656:666 arg1 solisilvae 668:677 solisilvae 668:677 solisilvae 668:677 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 1 47 theme endophytic 38:47 arg1 actinobacterium 49:63 an endophytic actinobacterium 35:63 an endophytic actinobacterium 35:63 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Thespesia populnea. 28920827 1 47 theme endophytic 38:47 arg1 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Thespesia populnea. 28920827 2 48 theme populnea 222:229 arg1 branches 200:207 surface-sterilized branches 181:207 surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China 181:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 6 49 contain contained 856:864 arg2 acid 919:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 896:943 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 49 contain contained 856:864 arg2 acid 888:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 866:891 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 49 contain contained 856:864 arg2 profile 999:1005 a polar lipid profile 985:1005 a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids 985:1126 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 6 49 contain contained 856:864 arg1 organism 847:854 The organism 843:854 The organism 843:854 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 11 50 theme =KCTC 1471:1475 arg1 1.16067T 1490:1497 =KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T 1471:1497 =KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T 1471:1497 The type strain is 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T). 28920827 11 50 theme =KCTC 1471:1475 arg1 8BXZ-J1T 1461:1468 8BXZ-J1T 1461:1468 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T) 1461:1498 The type strain is 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T). 28920827 2 51 theme polyphasic 338:347 arg1 approach 349:356 a polyphasic approach 336:356 a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position 336:392 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 7 52 dep 10-methyl 1183:1191 arg1 iso-C16  1194:1201 iso-C16  1194:1201 iso-C16  1194:1201 The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920827 8 53 theme 68.7 mol 1258:1265 arg1 G+C content 1223:1233 The G+C content 1219:1233 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1219:1252 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.7 mol%. 28920827 8 53 theme 68.7 mol 1258:1265 arg1 % 1266:1266 68.7 mol% 1258:1266 68.7 mol% 1258:1266 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.7 mol%. 28920827 6 54 theme unknown 1113:1119 arg1 lipids 1121:1126 two unknown lipids 1109:1126 two unknown lipids 1109:1126 The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. 28920827 2 55 theme Thespesia 212:220 arg1 populnea 222:229 Thespesia populnea 212:229 Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China 212:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 2 56 theme Nature 286:291 arg1 Reserve 293:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve 246:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China 246:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 9 57 theme Marmoricola 1395:1405 arg1 sp 1420:1421 the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp 1386:1421 the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp 1386:1421 These data demonstrate that strain 8BXZ-J1T is representative of a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 28920827 4 58 theme highest 632:638 arg1 similarity 640:649 highest similarity 632:649 highest similarity 632:649 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 5 59 dep optimum 730:736 arg1 28-30 °C 739:746 28-30 °C 739:746 28-30 °C 739:746 The isolate grew at 10-35 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-5.0 %). 28920827 2 60 theme National 277:284 arg1 Reserve 293:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve 246:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China 246:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 9 61 theme genus 1357:1361 arg1 Marmoricola 1363:1373 the genus Marmoricola 1353:1373 the genus Marmoricola 1353:1373 These data demonstrate that strain 8BXZ-J1T is representative of a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 28920827 9 62 theme endophyticus 1407:1418 arg1 sp 1420:1421 the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp 1386:1421 the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp 1386:1421 These data demonstrate that strain 8BXZ-J1T is representative of a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 28920827 9 63 theme species 1342:1348 arg1 representative 1316:1329 representative 1316:1329 representative 1316:1329 These data demonstrate that strain 8BXZ-J1T is representative of a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp. 28920827 4 64 theme Marmoricola 656:666 arg1 27140T 683:688 Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T 656:688 Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %) 656:697 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 4 64 theme Marmoricola 656:666 arg1 % 696:696 96.9 % 691:696 96.9 % 691:696 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 4 65 theme 16S 534:536 arg1 sequences 548:556 16S rRNA gene sequences 534:556 16S rRNA gene sequences 534:556 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola, sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). 28920827 2 66 theme Forest 270:275 arg1 Reserve 293:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve 246:299 Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China 246:317 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 28920827 2 67 theme taxonomic 375:383 arg1 position 385:392 its taxonomic position 371:392 its taxonomic position 371:392 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 25935247 1 0 theme nutrient 384:391 arg1 absorption 393:402 nutrient absorption 384:402 nutrient absorption 384:402 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 14 1 theme daily 2306:2310 arg1 rhythms 2312:2318 the daily rhythms 2302:2318 the daily rhythms 2302:2318 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 4 2 theme 34.8 902:905 arg1 % 906:906 % 906:906 % 906:906 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 0 3 from behavior 131:138 arg1 cows 213:216 dairy cows 207:216 dairy cows 207:216 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 6 4 theme Control 1050:1056 arg1 cows 1058:1061 Control cows 1050:1061 Control cows 1050:1061 Control cows were fed once daily at 0900h. 25935247 17 5 theme milk 2815:2818 arg1 yield 2820:2824 milk yield 2815:2824 milk yield 2815:2824 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 8 6 theme Dry 1343:1345 arg1 intake 1354:1359 Dry matter intake 1343:1359 Dry matter intake 1343:1359 Dry matter intake was decreased 1.9kg/d by H/L compared with CON, but intake did not differ between H/L and L/H. 25935247 1 7 theme daily 240:244 arg1 pattern 246:252 a daily pattern 238:252 a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis 238:286 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 7 8 theme daily 1152:1156 arg1 % 1147:1147 70% 1145:1147 70% of daily offering at 0900h 1145:1174 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 8 theme daily 1152:1156 arg1 daily 1152:1156 daily 1152:1156 daily 1152:1156 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 4 9 dep diet 892:895 arg1 HF 898:899 HF 898:899 HF; 34.8% NDF 898:910 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 1 10 theme milk 409:412 arg1 synthesis 414:422 milk synthesis 409:422 milk synthesis 409:422 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 4 11 theme control 789:795 arg1 Diets 776:780 Diets 776:780 Diets 776:780 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 4 11 theme control 789:795 arg1 [CON 797:800 a control [CON 787:800 a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)] 787:838 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 15 12 theme nonesterified 2342:2354 arg1 acids 2362:2366 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids 2321:2366 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) 2321:2373 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 15 12 theme nonesterified 2342:2354 arg1 NEFA 2369:2372 NEFA 2369:2372 NEFA 2369:2372 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 3 13 theme cannulated 702:711 arg1 cows 713:716 Nine ruminally cannulated cows 687:716 Nine ruminally cannulated cows 687:716 Nine ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 3×3 Latin square design with 23-d periods. 25935247 13 14 theme fat 2080:2082 arg1 concentration 2084:2096 milk fat concentration 2075:2096 milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids 2075:2121 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 17 15 theme weight 2834:2839 arg1 gain 2841:2844 body weight gain 2829:2844 body weight gain 2829:2844 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 12 16 theme poorer 1881:1886 arg1 fermentation 1894:1905 poorer rumen fermentation 1881:1905 poorer rumen fermentation 1881:1905 The H/L treatment unexpectedly tended to reduce milk and reduced milk fat yield compared with L/H, although L/H was expected to result in poorer rumen fermentation and decreased milk fat yield. 25935247 11 17 theme milk 1715:1718 arg1 yield 1720:1724 milk yield 1715:1724 milk yield 1715:1724 We detected no differences between CON and H/L for milk yield and composition. 25935247 13 18 theme acids 2050:2054 arg1 concentrations 1971:1984 milk fat concentrations 1962:1984 milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids 1962:2054 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 16 19 theme daily 2577:2581 arg1 rhythm 2583:2588 the daily rhythm 2573:2588 the daily rhythm of plasma blood urea N 2573:2611 The amplitude of the daily rhythm of plasma blood urea N was increased by more than 15% by H/L compared with CON and L/H. 25935247 7 20 from % 1188:1188 arg1 2200h 1211:1215 2200h 1211:1215 2200h 1211:1215 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 2 21 theme high-intake 486:496 arg1 period 498:503 the high-intake period 482:503 the high-intake period of the day 482:514 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 18 22 theme high-intake 2918:2928 arg1 period 2930:2935 the high-intake period 2914:2935 the high-intake period of the day 2914:2946 Feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period failed to show other benefits, likely because of the change in feeding behavior. 25935247 4 23 theme detergent 817:825 arg1 fiber 827:831 detergent fiber 817:831 detergent fiber (NDF) 817:837 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 4 23 theme detergent 817:825 arg1 NDF 834:836 NDF 834:836 NDF 834:836 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 12 24 theme milk 1921:1924 arg1 yield 1930:1934 decreased milk fat yield 1911:1934 decreased milk fat yield 1911:1934 The H/L treatment unexpectedly tended to reduce milk and reduced milk fat yield compared with L/H, although L/H was expected to result in poorer rumen fermentation and decreased milk fat yield. 25935247 7 25 from % 1313:1313 arg1 1300h 1336:1340 1300h 1336:1340 1300h 1336:1340 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 15 26 theme Daily 2321:2325 arg1 acids 2362:2366 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids 2321:2366 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) 2321:2373 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 15 26 theme Daily 2321:2325 arg1 NEFA 2369:2372 NEFA 2369:2372 NEFA 2369:2372 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 17 27 theme multiple 2686:2693 arg1 rations 2695:2701 Feeding multiple rations 2678:2701 Feeding multiple rations over the day 2678:2714 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 0 28 theme feeding 123:129 arg1 behavior 131:138 feeding behavior 123:138 feeding behavior 123:138 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 13 29 theme preformed 2101:2109 arg1 acids 2117:2121 preformed fatty acids 2101:2121 preformed fatty acids 2101:2121 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 2 30 theme day 512:514 arg1 period 498:503 the high-intake period 482:503 the high-intake period of the day 482:514 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 9 31 theme daily 1565:1569 arg1 patterns 1571:1578 the daily patterns 1561:1578 the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake 1561:1605 The H/L and L/H treatments resulted in a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake. 25935247 3 32 theme square 743:748 arg1 design 750:755 a 3×3 Latin square design 731:755 a 3×3 Latin square design 731:755 Nine ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 3×3 Latin square design with 23-d periods. 25935247 13 33 theme synthesized 2032:2042 arg1 acids 2050:2054 de novo synthesized fatty acids 2024:2054 de novo synthesized fatty acids 2024:2054 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 7 34 from % 1147:1147 arg1 0900h 1170:1174 0900h 1170:1174 0900h 1170:1174 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 34 from % 1147:1147 arg1 LF 1180:1181 LF 1180:1181 LF 1180:1181 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 34 from % 1147:1147 arg1 HF 1139:1140 HF 1139:1140 HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h 1139:1174 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 9 35 theme large 1497:1501 arg1 feed 1513:1516 feed 1513:1516 feed 1513:1516 The H/L and L/H treatments resulted in a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake. 25935247 9 35 theme large 1497:1501 arg1 amount 1503:1508 a large amount 1495:1508 a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake 1495:1605 The H/L and L/H treatments resulted in a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake. 25935247 7 36 theme high/low 1105:1112 arg1 H/L 1125:1127 H/L 1125:1127 H/L 1125:1127 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 36 theme high/low 1105:1112 arg1 treatment 1114:1122 the high/low treatment 1101:1122 the high/low treatment (H/L) 1101:1128 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 18 37 theme feeding 3071:3077 arg1 behavior 3079:3086 feeding behavior 3071:3086 feeding behavior 3071:3086 Feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period failed to show other benefits, likely because of the change in feeding behavior. 25935247 17 38 theme intake 2762:2767 arg1 pattern 2734:2740 the daily pattern 2724:2740 the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake 2724:2767 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 3 39 theme 3×3 733:735 arg1 design 750:755 a 3×3 Latin square design 731:755 a 3×3 Latin square design 731:755 Nine ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 3×3 Latin square design with 23-d periods. 25935247 0 40 theme neutral 46:52 arg1 fiber 64:68 neutral detergent fiber 46:68 neutral detergent fiber 46:68 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 4 41 theme % 867:867 arg1 diet 853:856 a low-fiber diet 841:856 a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF) 841:872 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 4 41 theme % 867:867 arg1 NDF 869:871 LF; 29.6% NDF 859:871 LF; 29.6% NDF 859:871 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 1 42 theme feed 257:260 arg1 intake 262:267 feed intake 257:267 feed intake 257:267 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 15 43 theme average 2327:2333 arg1 acids 2362:2366 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids 2321:2366 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) 2321:2373 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 15 43 theme average 2327:2333 arg1 NEFA 2369:2372 NEFA 2369:2372 NEFA 2369:2372 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 13 44 theme fatty 2111:2115 arg1 acids 2117:2121 preformed fatty acids 2101:2121 preformed fatty acids 2101:2121 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 4 45 theme low-fiber 843:851 arg1 diet 853:856 a low-fiber diet 841:856 a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF) 841:872 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 4 45 theme low-fiber 843:851 arg1 NDF 869:871 LF; 29.6% NDF 859:871 LF; 29.6% NDF 859:871 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 9 46 theme intake 1600:1605 arg1 patterns 1571:1578 the daily patterns 1561:1578 the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake 1561:1605 The H/L and L/H treatments resulted in a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake. 25935247 14 47 from effect 2198:2203 arg1 insulin 2215:2221 plasma insulin 2208:2221 plasma insulin 2208:2221 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 14 47 from effect 2198:2203 arg1 glucose 2226:2232 glucose 2226:2232 glucose 2226:2232 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 0 48 theme starch 74:79 arg1 concentration 81:93 starch concentration 74:93 starch concentration 74:93 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 5 49 theme HF 918:919 arg1 balanced 939:946 balanced 939:946 balanced 939:946 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 5 49 theme HF 918:919 arg1 diets 928:932 The HF and LF diets 914:932 The HF and LF diets 914:932 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 13 50 theme trans-11 2005:2012 arg1 C18:1 2014:2018 trans-11 C18:1 2005:2018 trans-11 C18:1 2005:2018 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 2 51 theme high-fiber 459:468 arg1 diet 470:473 a high-fiber diet 457:473 a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day 457:514 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 15 52 theme daily 2474:2478 arg1 rhythm 2480:2485 the daily rhythm 2470:2485 the daily rhythm of NEFA 2470:2493 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 5 53 theme LF 925:926 arg1 balanced 939:946 balanced 939:946 balanced 939:946 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 5 53 theme LF 925:926 arg1 diets 928:932 The HF and LF diets 914:932 The HF and LF diets 914:932 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 7 54 theme daily 1318:1322 arg1 % 1313:1313 70% 1311:1313 70% of daily offering at 1300h 1311:1340 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 54 theme daily 1318:1322 arg1 daily 1318:1322 daily 1318:1322 daily 1318:1322 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 4 55 theme high-fiber 881:890 arg1 diet 892:895 a high-fiber diet 879:895 a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF) 879:911 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 12 56 theme rumen 1888:1892 arg1 fermentation 1894:1905 poorer rumen fermentation 1881:1905 poorer rumen fermentation 1881:1905 The H/L treatment unexpectedly tended to reduce milk and reduced milk fat yield compared with L/H, although L/H was expected to result in poorer rumen fermentation and decreased milk fat yield. 25935247 2 57 theme nutrient 612:619 arg1 absorption 621:630 nutrient absorption 612:630 nutrient absorption 612:630 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 12 58 theme milk 1808:1811 arg1 yield 1817:1821 reduced milk fat yield 1800:1821 reduced milk fat yield 1800:1821 The H/L treatment unexpectedly tended to reduce milk and reduced milk fat yield compared with L/H, although L/H was expected to result in poorer rumen fermentation and decreased milk fat yield. 25935247 17 59 theme daily 2728:2732 arg1 pattern 2734:2740 the daily pattern 2724:2740 the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake 2724:2767 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 5 60 theme control 996:1002 arg1 composition 977:987 the same nutrient composition 959:987 the same nutrient composition 959:987 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 5 60 theme control 996:1002 arg1 diet 1004:1007 the control diet 992:1007 the control diet 992:1007 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 7 61 theme low/high 1230:1237 arg1 treatment 1245:1253 the low/high (L/H) treatment 1226:1253 the low/high (L/H) treatment 1226:1253 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 13 62 theme C18:1 1998:2002 arg1 concentrations 1971:1984 milk fat concentrations 1962:1984 milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids 1962:2054 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 14 63 theme time 2248:2251 arg1 points 2253:2258 individual time points 2237:2258 individual time points 2237:2258 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 0 64 from digestibility 153:165 arg1 cows 213:216 dairy cows 207:216 dairy cows 207:216 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 0 65 theme rations 23:29 arg1 effects 4:10 The effects 0:10 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 0:217 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 0 66 from hormones 195:202 arg1 cows 213:216 dairy cows 207:216 dairy cows 207:216 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 4 67 dep [CON 797:800 arg1 neutral 809:815 neutral 809:815 neutral 809:815 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 5 68 theme nutrient 968:975 arg1 composition 977:987 the same nutrient composition 959:987 the same nutrient composition 959:987 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 5 68 theme nutrient 968:975 arg1 diet 1004:1007 the control diet 992:1007 the control diet 992:1007 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 13 69 theme fat 1967:1969 arg1 concentrations 1971:1984 milk fat concentrations 1962:1984 milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids 1962:2054 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 9 70 theme H/L 1460:1462 arg1 treatments 1472:1481 The H/L and L/H treatments 1456:1481 The H/L and L/H treatments 1456:1481 The H/L and L/H treatments resulted in a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake. 25935247 0 71 from metabolites 179:189 arg1 cows 213:216 dairy cows 207:216 dairy cows 207:216 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 17 72 theme observation 2860:2870 arg1 periods 2872:2878 the 23-d observation periods 2851:2878 the 23-d observation periods 2851:2878 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 2 73 theme milk 671:674 arg1 synthesis 676:684 milk synthesis 671:684 milk synthesis 671:684 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 14 74 theme plasma 2208:2213 arg1 insulin 2215:2221 plasma insulin 2208:2221 plasma insulin 2208:2221 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 9 75 theme L/H 1468:1470 arg1 treatments 1472:1481 The H/L and L/H treatments 1456:1481 The H/L and L/H treatments 1456:1481 The H/L and L/H treatments resulted in a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake. 25935247 0 76 from production 111:120 arg1 cows 213:216 dairy cows 207:216 dairy cows 207:216 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 16 77 theme plasma 2593:2598 arg1 N 2611:2611 plasma blood urea N 2593:2611 plasma blood urea N 2593:2611 The amplitude of the daily rhythm of plasma blood urea N was increased by more than 15% by H/L compared with CON and L/H. 25935247 7 78 from 2200h 1211:1215 arg1 daily 1193:1197 daily 1193:1197 daily 1193:1197 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 78 from 2200h 1211:1215 arg1 % 1188:1188 30% 1186:1188 30% of daily offering at 2200h 1186:1215 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 79 theme daily 1193:1197 arg1 daily 1193:1197 daily 1193:1197 daily 1193:1197 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 79 theme daily 1193:1197 arg1 % 1188:1188 30% 1186:1188 30% of daily offering at 2200h 1186:1215 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 18 80 theme low-intake 2980:2989 arg1 period 3001:3006 the low-intake overnight period 2976:3006 the low-intake overnight period 2976:3006 Feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period failed to show other benefits, likely because of the change in feeding behavior. 25935247 5 81 theme same 963:966 arg1 composition 977:987 the same nutrient composition 959:987 the same nutrient composition 959:987 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 5 81 theme same 963:966 arg1 diet 1004:1007 the control diet 992:1007 the control diet 992:1007 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 16 82 theme urea 2606:2609 arg1 N 2611:2611 plasma blood urea N 2593:2611 plasma blood urea N 2593:2611 The amplitude of the daily rhythm of plasma blood urea N was increased by more than 15% by H/L compared with CON and L/H. 25935247 7 83 from cows 1218:1221 arg1 treatment 1245:1253 the low/high (L/H) treatment 1226:1253 the low/high (L/H) treatment 1226:1253 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 2 84 theme overnight 559:567 arg1 period 569:574 the low-intake overnight period 544:574 the low-intake overnight period 544:574 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 4 85 theme % 906:906 arg1 NDF 908:910 34.8% NDF 902:910 HF; 34.8% NDF 898:910 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 0 86 theme plasma 172:177 arg1 metabolites 179:189 plasma metabolites 172:189 plasma metabolites 172:189 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 2 87 theme low-fiber 522:530 arg1 diet 532:535 a low-fiber diet 520:535 a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period 520:574 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 18 88 theme high-fiber 2891:2900 arg1 diet 2902:2905 a high-fiber diet 2889:2905 a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day 2889:2946 Feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period failed to show other benefits, likely because of the change in feeding behavior. 25935247 13 89 dep CON 2137:2139 arg1 FA 2162:2163 FA 2162:2163 FA 2162:2163 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 13 89 dep CON 2137:2139 arg1 % 2157:2157 39.15 vs. 37.38% 2142:2157 39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA 2142:2163 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 9 90 theme feed 1513:1516 arg1 feed 1513:1516 feed 1513:1516 feed 1513:1516 The H/L and L/H treatments resulted in a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake. 25935247 9 90 theme feed 1513:1516 arg1 amount 1503:1508 a large amount 1495:1508 a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake 1495:1605 The H/L and L/H treatments resulted in a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake. 25935247 1 91 theme synthesis 278:286 arg1 pattern 246:252 a daily pattern 238:252 a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis 238:286 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 13 92 theme milk 2075:2078 arg1 fat 2080:2082 milk fat 2075:2082 milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids 2075:2121 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 17 93 theme body 2829:2832 arg1 gain 2841:2844 body weight gain 2829:2844 body weight gain 2829:2844 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 8 94 theme matter 1347:1352 arg1 intake 1354:1359 Dry matter intake 1343:1359 Dry matter intake 1343:1359 Dry matter intake was decreased 1.9kg/d by H/L compared with CON, but intake did not differ between H/L and L/H. 25935247 2 95 theme low-intake 548:557 arg1 period 569:574 the low-intake overnight period 544:574 the low-intake overnight period 544:574 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 13 96 theme fatty 2044:2048 arg1 acids 2050:2054 de novo synthesized fatty acids 2024:2054 de novo synthesized fatty acids 2024:2054 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 5 97 dep ratio 1034:1038 arg1 LF 1046:1047 LF 1046:1047 a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF 1028:1047 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 15 98 theme fatty 2356:2360 arg1 acids 2362:2366 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids 2321:2366 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) 2321:2373 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 15 98 theme fatty 2356:2360 arg1 NEFA 2369:2372 NEFA 2369:2372 NEFA 2369:2372 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 18 99 theme low-fiber 2954:2962 arg1 diet 2964:2967 a low-fiber diet 2952:2967 a low-fiber diet 2952:2967 Feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period failed to show other benefits, likely because of the change in feeding behavior. 25935247 7 100 theme daily 1277:1281 arg1 daily 1277:1281 daily 1277:1281 daily 1277:1281 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 100 theme daily 1277:1281 arg1 % 1272:1272 30% 1270:1272 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h 1270:1340 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 12 101 theme fat 1926:1928 arg1 yield 1930:1934 decreased milk fat yield 1911:1934 decreased milk fat yield 1911:1934 The H/L treatment unexpectedly tended to reduce milk and reduced milk fat yield compared with L/H, although L/H was expected to result in poorer rumen fermentation and decreased milk fat yield. 25935247 14 102 theme rhythms 2312:2318 arg1 amplitude 2289:2297 amplitude 2289:2297 amplitude 2289:2297 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 14 102 theme rhythms 2312:2318 arg1 phase 2279:2283 phase 2279:2283 phase 2279:2283 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 2 103 theme nutrients 657:665 arg1 fermentation 598:609 rumen fermentation 592:609 rumen fermentation 592:609 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 2 103 theme nutrients 657:665 arg1 absorption 621:630 nutrient absorption 612:630 nutrient absorption 612:630 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 2 103 theme nutrients 657:665 arg1 availability 641:652 the availability 637:652 the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis 637:684 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 17 104 theme Feeding 2678:2684 arg1 rations 2695:2701 Feeding multiple rations 2678:2701 Feeding multiple rations over the day 2678:2714 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 15 105 theme plasma 2335:2340 arg1 acids 2362:2366 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids 2321:2366 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) 2321:2373 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 15 105 theme plasma 2335:2340 arg1 NEFA 2369:2372 NEFA 2369:2372 NEFA 2369:2372 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 3 106 used used 723:726 arg2 cows 713:716 Nine ruminally cannulated cows 687:716 Nine ruminally cannulated cows 687:716 Nine ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 3×3 Latin square design with 23-d periods. 25935247 17 107 theme starch 2745:2750 arg1 pattern 2734:2740 the daily pattern 2724:2740 the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake 2724:2767 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 0 108 theme total-tract 141:151 arg1 digestibility 153:165 total-tract digestibility 141:165 total-tract digestibility 141:165 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 1 109 theme ruminal 362:368 arg1 fermentation 370:381 ruminal fermentation 362:381 ruminal fermentation 362:381 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 17 110 theme fiber 2756:2760 arg1 intake 2762:2767 fiber intake 2756:2767 fiber intake 2756:2767 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 0 111 theme detergent 54:62 arg1 fiber 64:68 neutral detergent fiber 46:68 neutral detergent fiber 46:68 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 16 112 theme rhythm 2583:2588 arg1 amplitude 2560:2568 The amplitude 2556:2568 The amplitude of the daily rhythm of plasma blood urea N 2556:2611 The amplitude of the daily rhythm of plasma blood urea N was increased by more than 15% by H/L compared with CON and L/H. 25935247 7 113 from 1300h 1336:1340 arg1 % 1313:1313 70% 1311:1313 70% of daily offering at 1300h 1311:1340 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 113 from 1300h 1336:1340 arg1 daily 1318:1322 daily 1318:1322 daily 1318:1322 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 9 114 theme starch 1583:1588 arg1 patterns 1571:1578 the daily patterns 1561:1578 the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake 1561:1605 The H/L and L/H treatments resulted in a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake. 25935247 5 115 theme HF 1043:1044 arg1 ratio 1034:1038 a 7:3 ratio 1028:1038 a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF 1028:1047 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 3 116 theme Latin 737:741 arg1 design 750:755 a 3×3 Latin square design 731:755 a 3×3 Latin square design 731:755 Nine ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 3×3 Latin square design with 23-d periods. 25935247 1 117 theme total 310:314 arg1 ration 322:327 a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis 301:422 a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis 301:422 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 9 118 theme fiber 1594:1598 arg1 intake 1600:1605 fiber intake 1594:1605 fiber intake 1594:1605 The H/L and L/H treatments resulted in a large amount of feed consumed after each feeding, which shifted the daily patterns of starch and fiber intake. 25935247 17 119 theme daily 2783:2787 arg1 intake 2789:2794 daily intake 2783:2794 daily intake 2783:2794 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 12 120 theme decreased 1911:1919 arg1 yield 1930:1934 decreased milk fat yield 1911:1934 decreased milk fat yield 1911:1934 The H/L treatment unexpectedly tended to reduce milk and reduced milk fat yield compared with L/H, although L/H was expected to result in poorer rumen fermentation and decreased milk fat yield. 25935247 1 121 theme single 303:308 arg1 ration 322:327 a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis 301:422 a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis 301:422 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 0 122 theme dairy 207:211 arg1 cows 213:216 dairy cows 207:216 dairy cows 207:216 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 7 123 from 0900h 1170:1174 arg1 % 1147:1147 70% 1145:1147 70% of daily offering at 0900h 1145:1174 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 123 from 0900h 1170:1174 arg1 daily 1152:1156 daily 1152:1156 daily 1152:1156 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 124 theme L/H 1240:1242 arg1 treatment 1245:1253 the low/high (L/H) treatment 1226:1253 the low/high (L/H) treatment 1226:1253 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 2 125 theme rumen 592:596 arg1 fermentation 598:609 rumen fermentation 592:609 rumen fermentation 592:609 Our hypothesis was that feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period would stabilize rumen fermentation, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients for milk synthesis. 25935247 12 126 theme fat 1813:1815 arg1 yield 1817:1821 reduced milk fat yield 1800:1821 reduced milk fat yield 1800:1821 The H/L treatment unexpectedly tended to reduce milk and reduced milk fat yield compared with L/H, although L/H was expected to result in poorer rumen fermentation and decreased milk fat yield. 25935247 3 127 theme 23-d 762:765 arg1 periods 767:773 23-d periods 762:773 23-d periods 762:773 Nine ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 3×3 Latin square design with 23-d periods. 25935247 13 128 theme FA 2162:2163 arg1 FA 2162:2163 FA 2162:2163 FA 2162:2163 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 13 128 theme FA 2162:2163 arg1 % 2157:2157 39.15 vs. 37.38% 2142:2157 39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA 2142:2163 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 1 129 theme mixed 316:320 arg1 ration 322:327 a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis 301:422 a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis 301:422 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 4 130 dep HF 898:899 arg1 NDF 908:910 34.8% NDF 902:910 HF; 34.8% NDF 898:910 Diets were a control [CON; 33.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], a low-fiber diet (LF; 29.6% NDF), and a high-fiber diet (HF; 34.8% NDF). 25935247 13 131 theme C18:1 2014:2018 arg1 concentrations 1971:1984 milk fat concentrations 1962:1984 milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids 1962:2054 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 15 132 theme NEFA 2490:2493 arg1 rhythm 2480:2485 the daily rhythm 2470:2485 the daily rhythm of NEFA 2470:2493 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 15 133 theme H/L 2428:2430 arg1 treatments 2432:2441 H/L treatments 2428:2441 H/L treatments 2428:2441 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 15 134 theme rhythm 2480:2485 arg1 amplitude 2457:2465 the amplitude 2453:2465 the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L 2453:2513 Daily average plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by H/L compared with CON and L/H, and H/L treatments decreased the amplitude of the daily rhythm of NEFA by 3.4 and 6.7μEq/L compared with CON and L/H, respectively. 25935247 18 135 theme other 3023:3027 arg1 benefits 3029:3036 other benefits 3023:3036 other benefits 3023:3036 Feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period failed to show other benefits, likely because of the change in feeding behavior. 25935247 0 136 theme feeding 15:21 arg1 rations 23:29 feeding rations 15:29 feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows 15:216 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 18 137 theme overnight 2991:2999 arg1 period 3001:3006 the low-intake overnight period 2976:3006 the low-intake overnight period 2976:3006 Feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period failed to show other benefits, likely because of the change in feeding behavior. 25935247 13 138 theme trans-10 1989:1996 arg1 C18:1 1998:2002 trans-10 C18:1 1989:2002 trans-10 C18:1 1989:2002 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 12 139 theme reduced 1800:1806 arg1 yield 1817:1821 reduced milk fat yield 1800:1821 reduced milk fat yield 1800:1821 The H/L treatment unexpectedly tended to reduce milk and reduced milk fat yield compared with L/H, although L/H was expected to result in poorer rumen fermentation and decreased milk fat yield. 25935247 18 140 from change 3061:3066 arg1 behavior 3079:3086 feeding behavior 3071:3086 feeding behavior 3071:3086 Feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period failed to show other benefits, likely because of the change in feeding behavior. 25935247 13 141 theme acids 2117:2121 arg1 concentration 2084:2096 milk fat concentration 2075:2096 milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids 2075:2121 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 1 142 theme intake 262:267 arg1 pattern 246:252 a daily pattern 238:252 a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis 238:286 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 18 143 theme day 2944:2946 arg1 period 2930:2935 the high-intake period 2914:2935 the high-intake period of the day 2914:2946 Feeding a high-fiber diet during the high-intake period of the day and a low-fiber diet during the low-intake overnight period failed to show other benefits, likely because of the change in feeding behavior. 25935247 14 144 theme individual 2237:2246 arg1 points 2253:2258 individual time points 2237:2258 individual time points 2237:2258 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 14 145 contain had 2191:2193 arg2 effect 2198:2203 no effect 2195:2203 no effect on plasma insulin or glucose 2195:2232 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 14 145 contain had 2191:2193 arg1 Treatment 2181:2189 Treatment 2181:2189 Treatment 2181:2189 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 14 146 dep phase 2279:2283 arg1 the 2275:2277 the 2275:2277 the 2275:2277 Treatment had no effect on plasma insulin or glucose at individual time points but did modify the phase and amplitude of the daily rhythms. 25935247 1 147 theme milk 273:276 arg1 synthesis 278:286 milk synthesis 273:286 milk synthesis 273:286 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 25935247 13 148 theme milk 1962:1965 arg1 concentrations 1971:1984 milk fat concentrations 1962:1984 milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids 1962:2054 Treatment did not affect milk fat concentrations of trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, or de novo synthesized fatty acids, but H/L increased milk fat concentration of preformed fatty acids compared with CON (39.15 vs. 37.38% of FA, respectively). 25935247 17 149 theme 23-d 2855:2858 arg1 periods 2872:2878 the 23-d observation periods 2851:2878 the 23-d observation periods 2851:2878 Feeding multiple rations over the day changed the daily pattern of starch and fiber intake and decreased daily intake without decreasing milk yield or body weight gain over the 23-d observation periods. 25935247 12 150 theme H/L 1747:1749 arg1 treatment 1751:1759 The H/L treatment 1743:1759 The H/L treatment 1743:1759 The H/L treatment unexpectedly tended to reduce milk and reduced milk fat yield compared with L/H, although L/H was expected to result in poorer rumen fermentation and decreased milk fat yield. 25935247 16 151 theme blood 2600:2604 arg1 N 2611:2611 plasma blood urea N 2593:2611 plasma blood urea N 2593:2611 The amplitude of the daily rhythm of plasma blood urea N was increased by more than 15% by H/L compared with CON and L/H. 25935247 5 152 theme 7:3 1030:1032 arg1 ratio 1034:1038 a 7:3 ratio 1028:1038 a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF 1028:1047 The HF and LF diets were balanced to provide the same nutrient composition as the control diet when cows were fed a 7:3 ratio of HF:LF. 25935247 7 153 from Cows 1093:1096 arg1 H/L 1125:1127 H/L 1125:1127 H/L 1125:1127 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 7 153 from Cows 1093:1096 arg1 treatment 1114:1122 the high/low treatment 1101:1122 the high/low treatment (H/L) 1101:1128 Cows in the high/low treatment (H/L) were fed HF at 70% of daily offering at 0900h and LF at 30% of daily offering at 2200h; cows in the low/high (L/H) treatment were fed LF at 30% of daily offering at 0900h and HF at 70% of daily offering at 1300h. 25935247 10 154 theme total-tract 1637:1647 arg1 digestibility 1649:1661 total-tract digestibility 1637:1661 total-tract digestibility 1637:1661 Treatments did not differ in total-tract digestibility. 25935247 0 155 from day 104:106 arg1 production 111:120 production 111:120 production 111:120 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 0 155 from day 104:106 arg1 behavior 131:138 feeding behavior 123:138 feeding behavior 123:138 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 0 155 from day 104:106 arg1 digestibility 153:165 total-tract digestibility 141:165 total-tract digestibility 141:165 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 0 155 from day 104:106 arg1 metabolites 179:189 plasma metabolites 172:189 plasma metabolites 172:189 The effects of feeding rations that differ in neutral detergent fiber and starch concentration within a day on production, feeding behavior, total-tract digestibility, and plasma metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. 25935247 16 156 theme N 2611:2611 arg1 rhythm 2583:2588 the daily rhythm 2573:2588 the daily rhythm of plasma blood urea N 2573:2611 The amplitude of the daily rhythm of plasma blood urea N was increased by more than 15% by H/L compared with CON and L/H. 25935247 1 157 theme Dairy 219:223 arg1 cows 225:228 Dairy cows 219:228 Dairy cows 219:228 Dairy cows exhibit a daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, and feeding a single total mixed ration over the day may not synchronize ruminal fermentation, nutrient absorption, and milk synthesis. 28129684 3 0 theme oxide 681:685 arg1 production 692:701 nitric oxide (NO) production 674:701 nitric oxide (NO) production 674:701 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 0 1 theme Cell 184:187 arg1 Line 189:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 3 2 theme sesquiterpenes 524:537 arg1 properties 493:502 anti-inflammatory properties 475:502 anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes 475:537 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 11 3 theme essential 1600:1608 arg1 oil 1610:1612 the essential oil 1596:1612 the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL) 1596:1643 The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. 28129684 4 4 theme main 804:807 arg1 mediator 841:848 the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator 800:848 the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator 800:848 NO, which is synthesized by iNOS, is the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. 28129684 4 4 theme main 804:807 arg1 NO 763:764 NO 763:764 NO 763:764 NO, which is synthesized by iNOS, is the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. 28129684 3 5 theme production 692:701 arg1 expression 612:621 mRNA expression 607:621 mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 607:760 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 7 6 theme essential 1079:1087 arg1 oil 1089:1091 essential oil 1079:1091 essential oil 1079:1091 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 12 7 theme production 1850:1859 arg1 results 1836:1842 the results 1832:1842 the results of NO production 1832:1859 The results of iNOS were consistent with the results of NO production. 28129684 4 8 theme inflammatory 828:839 arg1 mediator 841:848 the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator 800:848 the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator 800:848 NO, which is synthesized by iNOS, is the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. 28129684 4 8 theme inflammatory 828:839 arg1 NO 763:764 NO 763:764 NO 763:764 NO, which is synthesized by iNOS, is the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. 28129684 12 9 with consistent 1816:1825 arg1 results 1836:1842 the results 1832:1842 the results of NO production 1832:1859 The results of iNOS were consistent with the results of NO production. 28129684 8 10 theme different 1231:1239 arg1 doses 1241:1245 different doses 1231:1245 different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil 1231:1279 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 8 10 theme different 1231:1239 arg1 mg/mL 1255:1259 1.75-7 mg/mL 1248:1259 1.75-7 mg/mL 1248:1259 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 3 11 theme -stimulated 731:741 arg1 line 757:760 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 706:760 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 706:760 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 7 12 theme concentrations 1061:1074 arg1 cytotoxicity 1037:1048 The cytotoxicity 1033:1048 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil 1033:1091 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 3 13 theme fragrans 581:588 arg1 oil 600:602 A. fragrans essential oil 578:602 A. fragrans essential oil 578:602 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 6 14 theme Chemical 934:941 arg1 composition 943:953 Chemical composition 934:953 Chemical composition of essential oil 934:970 Chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 28129684 8 15 theme Griess 1406:1411 arg1 reagent 1413:1419 Griess reagent 1406:1419 Griess reagent 1406:1419 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 8 16 theme NO 1317:1318 arg1 production 1320:1329 NO production 1317:1329 NO production 1317:1329 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 4 17 link macrophage-derived 809:826 arg1 mediator 841:848 the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator 800:848 the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator 800:848 NO, which is synthesized by iNOS, is the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. 28129684 4 17 link macrophage-derived 809:826 arg1 NO 763:764 NO 763:764 NO 763:764 NO, which is synthesized by iNOS, is the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. 28129684 0 18 theme Oxide 116:120 arg1 Production 122:131 Nitric Oxide Production 109:131 Nitric Oxide Production 109:131 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 3 19 theme mRNA 607:610 arg1 expression 612:621 mRNA expression 607:621 mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 607:760 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 0 20 from Oil 50:52 arg1 Production 122:131 Nitric Oxide Production 109:131 Nitric Oxide Production 109:131 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 0 20 from Oil 50:52 arg1 Expression 94:103 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression 57:103 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression 57:103 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 3 21 theme cell 752:755 arg1 line 757:760 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 706:760 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 706:760 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 3 22 theme oil 600:602 arg1 effect 568:573 the effect 564:573 the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 564:760 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 8 23 from effect 1221:1226 arg1 expression 1289:1298 mRNA expression 1284:1298 mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1284:1363 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 0 24 theme Murine 166:171 arg1 Line 189:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 3 25 theme nitric 636:641 arg1 iNOS 659:662 iNOS 659:662 iNOS 659:662 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 3 25 theme nitric 636:641 arg1 synthase 649:656 inducible nitric oxide synthase 626:656 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene 626:668 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 9 26 theme A. 1457:1458 arg1 oil 1469:1471 A. fragrans oil 1457:1471 A. fragrans oil 1457:1471 In GC/MS analyses of A. fragrans oil, 32 compounds were identified. 28129684 6 27 theme gas 988:990 arg1 GC/MS 1026:1030 GC/MS 1026:1030 GC/MS 1026:1030 Chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 28129684 6 27 theme gas 988:990 arg1 spectrometry 1012:1023 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 988:1023 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 988:1031 Chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 28129684 9 28 theme oil 1469:1471 arg1 analyses 1445:1452 GC/MS analyses 1439:1452 GC/MS analyses of A. fragrans oil 1439:1471 In GC/MS analyses of A. fragrans oil, 32 compounds were identified. 28129684 14 29 theme activity 2029:2036 arg1 pharmacokinetics 1997:2012 the full pharmacokinetics 1988:2012 the full pharmacokinetics of A. fragrans activity 1988:2036 Further studies are needed to determine the full pharmacokinetics of A. fragrans activity in vivo. 28129684 0 30 theme Inducible 57:65 arg1 Synthase 80:87 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 57:87 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression 57:103 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 5 31 theme A. 877:878 arg1 fragrans 880:887 the A. fragrans 873:887 the A. fragrans 873:887 The oil obtained from the A. fragrans was prepared from aerial parts of the plant. 28129684 6 32 theme oil 968:970 arg1 composition 943:953 Chemical composition 934:953 Chemical composition of essential oil 934:970 Chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 28129684 14 33 theme A. 2017:2018 arg1 activity 2029:2036 A. fragrans activity 2017:2036 A. fragrans activity 2017:2036 Further studies are needed to determine the full pharmacokinetics of A. fragrans activity in vivo. 28129684 8 34 theme iNOS 1303:1306 arg1 gene 1308:1311 iNOS gene 1303:1311 iNOS gene 1303:1311 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 0 35 theme Oxide 74:78 arg1 Synthase 80:87 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 57:87 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression 57:103 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 2 36 theme genus 395:399 arg1 Artemisia 401:409 genus Artemisia 395:409 genus Artemisia 395:409 Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. 28129684 0 37 theme Gene 89:92 arg1 Expression 94:103 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression 57:103 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression 57:103 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 8 38 from expression 1289:1298 arg1 cells 1359:1363 LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1334:1363 LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1334:1363 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 11 39 theme dose-dependent 1651:1664 arg1 manner 1666:1671 a dose-dependent manner 1649:1671 a dose-dependent manner 1649:1671 The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. 28129684 8 40 theme production 1320:1329 arg1 expression 1289:1298 mRNA expression 1284:1298 mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1284:1363 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 7 41 theme -2,5-diphenyl 1165:1177 arg1 MTT 1200:1202 MTT 1200:1202 MTT 1200:1202 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 7 41 theme -2,5-diphenyl 1165:1177 arg1 bromide 1191:1197 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide 1137:1197 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay 1137:1214 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 1 42 theme anti-fungal 275:285 arg1 properties 323:332 anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 262:332 anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 262:332 The genus Artemisia is estimated to comprise over 800 species with anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 28129684 11 43 from expression 1688:1697 arg1 cells 1738:1742 the RAW264.7 cells 1725:1742 the RAW264.7 cells 1725:1742 The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. 28129684 8 44 theme LPS-stimulated 1334:1347 arg1 cells 1359:1363 LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1334:1363 LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1334:1363 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 7 45 theme 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl 1140:1163 arg1 MTT 1200:1202 MTT 1200:1202 MTT 1200:1202 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 7 45 theme 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl 1140:1163 arg1 bromide 1191:1197 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide 1137:1197 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay 1137:1214 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 1 46 theme anti-oxidant 288:299 arg1 properties 323:332 anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 262:332 anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 262:332 The genus Artemisia is estimated to comprise over 800 species with anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 28129684 1 47 theme anti-inflammatory 305:321 arg1 properties 323:332 anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 262:332 anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 262:332 The genus Artemisia is estimated to comprise over 800 species with anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 28129684 14 48 theme Further 1948:1954 arg1 studies 1956:1962 Further studies 1948:1962 Further studies 1948:1962 Further studies are needed to determine the full pharmacokinetics of A. fragrans activity in vivo. 28129684 3 49 theme synthase 649:656 arg1 gene 665:668 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene 626:668 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene 626:668 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 13 50 theme anti-inflammatory 1907:1923 arg1 effect 1925:1930 the possible anti-inflammatory effect 1894:1930 the possible anti-inflammatory effect of A. fragrans 1894:1945 Our preliminary results suggest the possible anti-inflammatory effect of A. fragrans. 28129684 1 51 with species 249:255 arg1 properties 323:332 anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 262:332 anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 262:332 The genus Artemisia is estimated to comprise over 800 species with anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 28129684 3 52 theme nitric 674:679 arg1 NO 688:689 NO 688:689 NO 688:689 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 3 52 theme nitric 674:679 arg1 oxide 681:685 nitric oxide 674:685 nitric oxide (NO) production 674:701 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 3 53 theme anti-inflammatory 475:491 arg1 properties 493:502 anti-inflammatory properties 475:502 anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes 475:537 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 8 54 dep A. 1265:1266 arg1 fragrans 1268:1275 fragrans 1268:1275 fragrans 1268:1275 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 3 55 theme gene 665:668 arg1 expression 612:621 mRNA expression 607:621 mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 607:760 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 8 56 theme PCR 1391:1393 arg1 method 1395:1400 real-time PCR method 1381:1400 real-time PCR method 1381:1400 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 0 57 theme Essential 40:48 arg1 Oil 50:52 Essential Oil 40:52 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 0:193 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 2 58 from rich 415:418 arg1 sesquiterpenes 440:453 sesquiterpenes 440:453 sesquiterpenes 440:453 Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. 28129684 2 58 from rich 415:418 arg1 monoterpenes 423:434 monoterpenes 423:434 monoterpenes 423:434 Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. 28129684 7 59 theme oil 1089:1091 arg1 concentrations 1061:1074 various concentrations 1053:1074 various concentrations of essential oil 1053:1091 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 1 60 theme anti-cancer 262:272 arg1 properties 323:332 anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 262:332 anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties 262:332 The genus Artemisia is estimated to comprise over 800 species with anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 28129684 3 61 theme A. 578:579 arg1 oil 600:602 A. fragrans essential oil 578:602 A. fragrans essential oil 578:602 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 10 62 theme main 1508:1511 arg1 camphor 1540:1546 camphor 1540:1546 camphor 1540:1546 The main components of the oil were camphor and 1, 8-cineole. 28129684 10 62 theme main 1508:1511 arg1 components 1513:1522 The main components 1504:1522 The main components of the oil 1504:1533 The main components of the oil were camphor and 1, 8-cineole. 28129684 7 63 theme test 1205:1208 arg1 assay 1210:1214 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay 1137:1214 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay 1137:1214 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 7 64 theme various 1053:1059 arg1 concentrations 1061:1074 various concentrations 1053:1074 various concentrations of essential oil 1053:1091 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 11 65 theme iNOS 1702:1705 arg1 expression 1688:1697 mRNA expression 1683:1697 mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells 1683:1742 The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. 28129684 2 66 theme Artemisia 335:343 arg1 fragrans 345:352 Artemisia fragrans 335:352 Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans) 335:366 Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. 28129684 2 66 theme Artemisia 335:343 arg1 species 371:377 a species 369:377 a species that belongs to genus Artemisia 369:409 Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. 28129684 12 67 theme NO 1847:1848 arg1 production 1850:1859 NO production 1847:1859 NO production 1847:1859 The results of iNOS were consistent with the results of NO production. 28129684 4 68 theme macrophage-derived 809:826 arg1 mediator 841:848 the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator 800:848 the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator 800:848 NO, which is synthesized by iNOS, is the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. 28129684 4 68 theme macrophage-derived 809:826 arg1 NO 763:764 NO 763:764 NO 763:764 NO, which is synthesized by iNOS, is the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. 28129684 10 69 theme oil 1531:1533 arg1 camphor 1540:1546 camphor 1540:1546 camphor 1540:1546 The main components of the oil were camphor and 1, 8-cineole. 28129684 10 69 theme oil 1531:1533 arg1 components 1513:1522 The main components 1504:1522 The main components of the oil 1504:1533 The main components of the oil were camphor and 1, 8-cineole. 28129684 3 70 theme RAW264.7 743:750 arg1 line 757:760 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 706:760 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 706:760 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 0 71 theme Nitric 109:114 arg1 Oxide 116:120 Nitric Oxide 109:120 Nitric Oxide Production 109:131 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 1 72 theme genus 199:203 arg1 Artemisia 205:213 The genus Artemisia 195:213 The genus Artemisia 195:213 The genus Artemisia is estimated to comprise over 800 species with anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 28129684 8 73 theme doses 1241:1245 arg1 effect 1221:1226 The effect 1217:1226 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1217:1363 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 11 74 theme cytotoxic 1752:1760 arg1 effect 1762:1767 cytotoxic effect 1752:1767 cytotoxic effect 1752:1767 The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. 28129684 0 75 theme Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated 136:164 arg1 Line 189:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 3 76 theme essential 590:598 arg1 oil 600:602 A. fragrans essential oil 578:602 A. fragrans essential oil 578:602 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 9 77 theme GC/MS 1439:1443 arg1 analyses 1445:1452 GC/MS analyses 1439:1452 GC/MS analyses of A. fragrans oil 1439:1471 In GC/MS analyses of A. fragrans oil, 32 compounds were identified. 28129684 0 78 from Expression 94:103 arg1 Line 189:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 3 79 from effect 568:573 arg1 expression 612:621 mRNA expression 607:621 mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 607:760 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 0 80 theme Macrophage 173:182 arg1 Line 189:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 3 81 theme inducible 626:634 arg1 iNOS 659:662 iNOS 659:662 iNOS 659:662 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 3 81 theme inducible 626:634 arg1 synthase 649:656 inducible nitric oxide synthase 626:656 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene 626:668 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 6 82 theme chromatography-mass 992:1010 arg1 GC/MS 1026:1030 GC/MS 1026:1030 GC/MS 1026:1030 Chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 28129684 6 82 theme chromatography-mass 992:1010 arg1 spectrometry 1012:1023 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 988:1023 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 988:1031 Chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 28129684 8 83 theme A. 1265:1266 arg1 oil 1277:1279 A. fragrans oil 1265:1279 A. fragrans oil 1265:1279 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 11 84 theme RAW264.7 1729:1736 arg1 cells 1738:1742 the RAW264.7 cells 1725:1742 the RAW264.7 cells 1725:1742 The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. 28129684 7 85 theme assay 1210:1214 arg1 reduction 1124:1132 mitochondrial reduction 1110:1132 mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay 1110:1214 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 9 86 theme fragrans 1460:1467 arg1 oil 1469:1471 A. fragrans oil 1457:1471 A. fragrans oil 1457:1471 In GC/MS analyses of A. fragrans oil, 32 compounds were identified. 28129684 2 87 from monoterpenes 423:434 arg1 rich 415:418 rich 415:418 rich 415:418 Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. 28129684 8 88 theme oil 1277:1279 arg1 doses 1241:1245 different doses 1231:1245 different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil 1231:1279 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 8 88 theme oil 1277:1279 arg1 mg/mL 1255:1259 1.75-7 mg/mL 1248:1259 1.75-7 mg/mL 1248:1259 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 0 89 theme Nitric 67:72 arg1 Synthase 80:87 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 57:87 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression 57:103 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 12 90 theme iNOS 1806:1809 arg1 results 1795:1801 The results 1791:1801 The results of iNOS 1791:1809 The results of iNOS were consistent with the results of NO production. 28129684 12 90 theme iNOS 1806:1809 arg1 consistent 1816:1825 consistent 1816:1825 consistent 1816:1825 The results of iNOS were consistent with the results of NO production. 28129684 2 91 from sesquiterpenes 440:453 arg1 rich 415:418 rich 415:418 rich 415:418 Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. 28129684 8 92 theme mRNA 1284:1287 arg1 expression 1289:1298 mRNA expression 1284:1298 mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1284:1363 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 11 93 theme mRNA 1683:1686 arg1 expression 1688:1697 mRNA expression 1683:1697 mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells 1683:1742 The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. 28129684 0 94 theme Synthase 80:87 arg1 Expression 94:103 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression 57:103 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression 57:103 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 5 95 theme plant 927:931 arg1 parts 914:918 aerial parts 907:918 aerial parts of the plant 907:931 The oil obtained from the A. fragrans was prepared from aerial parts of the plant. 28129684 6 96 theme essential 958:966 arg1 oil 968:970 essential oil 958:970 essential oil 958:970 Chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 28129684 3 97 from expression 612:621 arg1 line 757:760 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 706:760 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line 706:760 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 7 98 theme tetrazolium 1179:1189 arg1 MTT 1200:1202 MTT 1200:1202 MTT 1200:1202 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 7 98 theme tetrazolium 1179:1189 arg1 bromide 1191:1197 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide 1137:1197 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay 1137:1214 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 13 99 theme fragrans 1938:1945 arg1 effect 1925:1930 the possible anti-inflammatory effect 1894:1930 the possible anti-inflammatory effect of A. fragrans 1894:1945 Our preliminary results suggest the possible anti-inflammatory effect of A. fragrans. 28129684 2 100 dep monoterpenes 423:434 arg1 derivatives 455:465 derivatives 455:465 derivatives 455:465 Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. 28129684 14 101 theme full 1992:1995 arg1 pharmacokinetics 1997:2012 the full pharmacokinetics 1988:2012 the full pharmacokinetics of A. fragrans activity 1988:2036 Further studies are needed to determine the full pharmacokinetics of A. fragrans activity in vivo. 28129684 14 102 dep A. 2017:2018 arg1 fragrans 2020:2027 fragrans 2020:2027 fragrans 2020:2027 Further studies are needed to determine the full pharmacokinetics of A. fragrans activity in vivo. 28129684 8 103 theme gene 1308:1311 arg1 expression 1289:1298 mRNA expression 1284:1298 mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1284:1363 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 5 104 theme aerial 907:912 arg1 parts 914:918 aerial parts 907:918 aerial parts of the plant 907:931 The oil obtained from the A. fragrans was prepared from aerial parts of the plant. 28129684 2 105 dep fragrans 345:352 arg1 fragrans 358:365 A. fragrans 355:365 A. fragrans 355:365 Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. 28129684 11 106 theme fragrans 1620:1627 arg1 oil 1610:1612 the essential oil 1596:1612 the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL) 1596:1643 The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. 28129684 0 107 theme Willd 33:37 arg1 Effect 4:9 The Effect 0:9 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 0:193 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 3 108 theme oxide 643:647 arg1 iNOS 659:662 iNOS 659:662 iNOS 659:662 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 3 108 theme oxide 643:647 arg1 synthase 649:656 inducible nitric oxide synthase 626:656 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene 626:668 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 8 109 theme RAW 1349:1351 arg1 cells 1359:1363 LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1334:1363 LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 1334:1363 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 13 110 theme possible 1898:1905 arg1 effect 1925:1930 the possible anti-inflammatory effect 1894:1930 the possible anti-inflammatory effect of A. fragrans 1894:1945 Our preliminary results suggest the possible anti-inflammatory effect of A. fragrans. 28129684 7 111 theme bromide 1191:1197 arg1 assay 1210:1214 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay 1137:1214 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay 1137:1214 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 7 112 theme mitochondrial 1110:1122 arg1 reduction 1124:1132 mitochondrial reduction 1110:1132 mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay 1110:1214 The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. 28129684 3 113 theme monoterpenes 507:518 arg1 properties 493:502 anti-inflammatory properties 475:502 anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes 475:537 Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. 28129684 0 114 from Production 122:131 arg1 Line 189:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line 136:192 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 13 115 theme preliminary 1866:1876 arg1 results 1878:1884 Our preliminary results 1862:1884 Our preliminary results 1862:1884 Our preliminary results suggest the possible anti-inflammatory effect of A. fragrans. 28129684 0 116 dep Effect 4:9 arg1 Oil 50:52 Essential Oil 40:52 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 0:193 The Effect of Artemisia fragrans Willd: Essential Oil on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophage Cell Line. 28129684 8 117 theme real-time 1381:1389 arg1 PCR 1391:1393 real-time PCR 1381:1393 real-time PCR method 1381:1400 The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. 28129684 11 118 theme higher 1777:1782 arg1 doses 1784:1788 higher doses 1777:1788 higher doses 1777:1788 The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. 24211386 4 0 theme gene 375:378 arg1 sequences 380:388 the gene sequences 371:388 the gene sequences 371:388 However, the gene sequences and the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis are unknown so far. 24211386 5 1 dep buckwheat 555:563 arg1 synthase 586:593 granule-bound starch synthase I 565:595 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 5 1 dep buckwheat 555:563 arg1 FtGBSSI 598:604 FtGBSSI 598:604 FtGBSSI 598:604 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 9 2 theme chloroplast 1100:1110 arg1 sequence 1120:1127 the chloroplast transit sequence 1096:1127 the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids 1096:1145 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 2 3 theme rich 267:270 arg1 compounds 286:294 its rich nutraceutical compounds 263:294 its rich nutraceutical compounds 263:294 is increasingly considered as an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds. 24211386 7 4 theme FtGBSSI 816:822 arg1 sequence 804:811 The cDNA coding sequence 788:811 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI 788:822 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%-57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). 24211386 11 5 theme main 1402:1405 arg1 N- 1416:1417 N- 1416:1417 N- 1416:1417 The mature protein was composed of 20 α-helixes and 16 β-strands, and folds into two main domains, N- and C-terminal domains. 24211386 11 5 theme main 1402:1405 arg1 domains 1434:1440 C-terminal domains 1423:1440 C-terminal domains 1423:1440 The mature protein was composed of 20 α-helixes and 16 β-strands, and folds into two main domains, N- and C-terminal domains. 24211386 11 5 theme main 1402:1405 arg1 domains 1407:1413 two main domains 1398:1413 two main domains 1398:1413 The mature protein was composed of 20 α-helixes and 16 β-strands, and folds into two main domains, N- and C-terminal domains. 24211386 1 6 theme Fagopyrum 155:163 arg1 Gaertn 175:180 Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. 155:181 Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. 155:181 Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 1 6 theme Fagopyrum 155:163 arg1 buckwheat 144:152 Tartary buckwheat 136:152 Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 136:182 Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 9 7 from IVC↓G 1062:1066 arg1 cleavage 1041:1048 A cleavage 1039:1048 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein 1039:1085 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 7 8 theme cDNA 792:795 arg1 sequence 804:811 The cDNA coding sequence 788:811 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI 788:822 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%-57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). 24211386 8 9 theme deduced 930:936 arg1 sequence 949:956 deduced amino acid sequence 930:956 deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI 930:967 In deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI, eight motifs conserved among plant starch synthases were identified. 24211386 13 10 theme kernels 1598:1604 arg1 composition 1573:1583 starch composition 1566:1583 starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs 1566:1681 These results will be useful to modulate starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs. 24211386 9 11 theme acids 1141:1145 arg1 protein 1162:1168 the mature protein 1151:1168 the mature protein of 527 amino acids 1151:1187 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 9 11 theme acids 1141:1145 arg1 sequence 1120:1127 the chloroplast transit sequence 1096:1127 the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids 1096:1145 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 2 12 theme compounds 286:294 arg1 material 243:250 an important functional food material 214:250 an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds 214:294 is increasingly considered as an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds. 24211386 10 13 with % 1249:1249 arg1 plants 1262:1267 dicot plants 1256:1267 dicot plants 1256:1267 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 10 13 with % 1249:1249 arg1 Poaceae 1307:1313 Poaceae 1307:1313 Poaceae 1307:1313 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 10 13 with % 1249:1249 arg1 plants 1299:1304 monocot plants 1291:1304 monocot plants (Poaceae) 1291:1314 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 4 14 theme buckwheat 429:437 arg1 synthesis 446:454 tartary buckwheat starch synthesis 421:454 tartary buckwheat starch synthesis 421:454 However, the gene sequences and the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis are unknown so far. 24211386 3 15 theme Reserve 297:303 arg1 component 325:333 the major component 315:333 the major component of tartary buckwheat seed 315:359 Reserve starch is the major component of tartary buckwheat seed. 24211386 3 15 theme Reserve 297:303 arg1 starch 305:310 Reserve starch 297:310 Reserve starch 297:310 Reserve starch is the major component of tartary buckwheat seed. 24211386 4 16 theme synthesis 446:454 arg1 sequences 380:388 the gene sequences 371:388 the gene sequences 371:388 However, the gene sequences and the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis are unknown so far. 24211386 4 16 theme synthesis 446:454 arg1 mechanism 408:416 the molecular mechanism 394:416 the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis 394:454 However, the gene sequences and the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis are unknown so far. 24211386 13 17 theme starch 1566:1571 arg1 composition 1573:1583 starch composition 1566:1583 starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs 1566:1681 These results will be useful to modulate starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs. 24211386 5 18 theme cDNA 535:538 arg1 buckwheat 555:563 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 4 19 theme molecular 398:406 arg1 mechanism 408:416 the molecular mechanism 394:416 the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis 394:454 However, the gene sequences and the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis are unknown so far. 24211386 13 20 theme future 1658:1663 arg1 programs 1674:1681 future breeding programs 1658:1681 future breeding programs 1658:1681 These results will be useful to modulate starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs. 24211386 3 21 theme major 319:323 arg1 component 325:333 the major component 315:333 the major component of tartary buckwheat seed 315:359 Reserve starch is the major component of tartary buckwheat seed. 24211386 3 21 theme major 319:323 arg1 starch 305:310 Reserve starch 297:310 Reserve starch 297:310 Reserve starch is the major component of tartary buckwheat seed. 24211386 9 22 theme acids 1183:1187 arg1 protein 1162:1168 the mature protein 1151:1168 the mature protein of 527 amino acids 1151:1187 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 9 22 theme acids 1183:1187 arg1 sequence 1120:1127 the chloroplast transit sequence 1096:1127 the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids 1096:1145 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 2 23 theme functional 227:236 arg1 material 243:250 an important functional food material 214:250 an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds 214:294 is increasingly considered as an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds. 24211386 5 24 theme genomic 504:510 arg1 sequence 512:519 complete genomic sequence 495:519 complete genomic sequence 495:519 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 5 24 theme genomic 504:510 arg1 responsible 617:627 responsible 617:627 responsible 617:627 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 0 25 theme GBSSI 72:76 arg1 gene 79:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene 39:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat 39:103 Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 8 26 theme acid 944:947 arg1 sequence 949:956 deduced amino acid sequence 930:956 deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI 930:967 In deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI, eight motifs conserved among plant starch synthases were identified. 24211386 3 27 theme buckwheat 346:354 arg1 seed 356:359 tartary buckwheat seed 338:359 tartary buckwheat seed 338:359 Reserve starch is the major component of tartary buckwheat seed. 24211386 7 28 dep % 883:883 arg1 identities 891:900 -57.5% identities 884:900 56.6%-57.5% identities 879:900 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%-57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). 24211386 0 29 theme gene 79:82 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 0 29 theme gene 79:82 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 0 29 theme gene 79:82 arg1 Gaertn 126:131 Gaertn 126:131 Gaertn 126:131 Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 7 30 theme -57.5 884:888 arg1 % 889:889 % 889:889 % 889:889 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%-57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). 24211386 0 31 theme tartary 87:93 arg1 buckwheat 95:103 tartary buckwheat 87:103 tartary buckwheat 87:103 Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 5 32 theme tartary 547:553 arg1 buckwheat 555:563 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 12 33 theme sugar 1495:1499 arg1 binding 1501:1507 sugar binding 1495:1507 sugar binding 1495:1507 The critical residues which are involved in ADP and sugar binding were predicted. 24211386 6 34 contain contained 716:724 arg1 sequence 692:699 The genomic sequence 680:699 The genomic sequence of the FtGBSSI 680:714 The genomic sequence of the FtGBSSI contained 3947 nucleotides and was composed of 14 exons and 13 introns. 24211386 6 34 contain contained 716:724 arg2 nucleotides 731:741 3947 nucleotides 726:741 3947 nucleotides 726:741 The genomic sequence of the FtGBSSI contained 3947 nucleotides and was composed of 14 exons and 13 introns. 24211386 5 35 theme granule-bound 565:577 arg1 synthase 586:593 granule-bound starch synthase I 565:595 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 5 35 theme granule-bound 565:577 arg1 FtGBSSI 598:604 FtGBSSI 598:604 FtGBSSI 598:604 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 11 36 theme mature 1321:1326 arg1 protein 1328:1334 The mature protein 1317:1334 The mature protein 1317:1334 The mature protein was composed of 20 α-helixes and 16 β-strands, and folds into two main domains, N- and C-terminal domains. 24211386 10 37 theme mature 1202:1207 arg1 protein 1209:1215 The FtGBSSI mature protein 1190:1215 The FtGBSSI mature protein 1190:1215 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 0 38 theme granule 39:45 arg1 gene 79:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene 39:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat 39:103 Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 8 39 theme starch 1005:1010 arg1 synthases 1012:1020 plant starch synthases 999:1020 plant starch synthases 999:1020 In deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI, eight motifs conserved among plant starch synthases were identified. 24211386 11 40 theme C-terminal 1423:1432 arg1 domains 1434:1440 C-terminal domains 1423:1440 C-terminal domains 1423:1440 The mature protein was composed of 20 α-helixes and 16 β-strands, and folds into two main domains, N- and C-terminal domains. 24211386 11 40 theme C-terminal 1423:1432 arg1 domains 1407:1413 two main domains 1398:1413 two main domains 1398:1413 The mature protein was composed of 20 α-helixes and 16 β-strands, and folds into two main domains, N- and C-terminal domains. 24211386 0 41 theme starch 53:58 arg1 gene 79:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene 39:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat 39:103 Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 9 42 theme site 1057:1060 arg1 IVC↓G 1062:1066 the site IVC↓G 1053:1066 the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein 1053:1085 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 13 43 theme improved 1636:1643 arg1 varieties 1645:1653 novel improved varieties 1630:1653 novel improved varieties 1630:1653 These results will be useful to modulate starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs. 24211386 9 44 theme protein 1079:1085 arg1 IVC↓G 1062:1066 the site IVC↓G 1053:1066 the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein 1053:1085 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 7 45 theme % 841:841 arg1 identities 843:852 -75.1% identities 836:852 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots 831:873 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%-57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). 24211386 7 46 dep % 835:835 arg1 identities 843:852 -75.1% identities 836:852 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots 831:873 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%-57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). 24211386 5 47 theme amylose 633:639 arg1 synthesis 641:649 amylose synthesis 633:649 amylose synthesis 633:649 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 2 48 theme nutraceutical 272:284 arg1 compounds 286:294 its rich nutraceutical compounds 263:294 its rich nutraceutical compounds 263:294 is increasingly considered as an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds. 24211386 7 49 with identities 843:852 arg1 those 859:863 those 859:863 those 859:863 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%-57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). 24211386 9 50 theme transit 1112:1118 arg1 sequence 1120:1127 the chloroplast transit sequence 1096:1127 the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids 1096:1145 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 10 51 with % 1284:1284 arg1 plants 1262:1267 dicot plants 1256:1267 dicot plants 1256:1267 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 10 51 with % 1284:1284 arg1 Poaceae 1307:1313 Poaceae 1307:1313 Poaceae 1307:1313 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 10 51 with % 1284:1284 arg1 plants 1299:1304 monocot plants 1291:1304 monocot plants (Poaceae) 1291:1314 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 10 52 theme % 1284:1284 arg1 identity 1227:1234 an identity 1224:1234 an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae) 1224:1314 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 1 53 theme tataricum 165:173 arg1 Gaertn 175:180 Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. 155:181 Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. 155:181 Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 1 53 theme tataricum 165:173 arg1 buckwheat 144:152 Tartary buckwheat 136:152 Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 136:182 Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 8 54 theme amino 938:942 arg1 sequence 949:956 deduced amino acid sequence 930:956 deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI 930:967 In deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI, eight motifs conserved among plant starch synthases were identified. 24211386 13 55 theme buckwheat 1588:1596 arg1 kernels 1598:1604 buckwheat kernels 1588:1604 buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs 1588:1681 These results will be useful to modulate starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs. 24211386 9 56 theme amino 1135:1139 arg1 acids 1141:1145 78 amino acids 1132:1145 78 amino acids 1132:1145 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 7 57 theme coding 797:802 arg1 sequence 804:811 The cDNA coding sequence 788:811 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI 788:822 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%-57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). 24211386 12 58 theme critical 1447:1454 arg1 residues 1456:1463 The critical residues 1443:1463 The critical residues which are involved in ADP and sugar binding 1443:1507 The critical residues which are involved in ADP and sugar binding were predicted. 24211386 4 59 theme starch 439:444 arg1 synthesis 446:454 tartary buckwheat starch synthesis 421:454 tartary buckwheat starch synthesis 421:454 However, the gene sequences and the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis are unknown so far. 24211386 2 60 theme important 217:225 arg1 material 243:250 an important functional food material 214:250 an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds 214:294 is increasingly considered as an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds. 24211386 9 61 theme mature 1155:1160 arg1 protein 1162:1168 the mature protein 1151:1168 the mature protein of 527 amino acids 1151:1187 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 5 62 theme full-size 525:533 arg1 buckwheat 555:563 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 10 63 theme % 1278:1278 arg1 % 1284:1284 67.6%-70.4% 1274:1284 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae) 1274:1314 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 5 64 theme coding 540:545 arg1 buckwheat 555:563 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 4 65 theme tartary 421:427 arg1 synthesis 446:454 tartary buckwheat starch synthesis 421:454 tartary buckwheat starch synthesis 421:454 However, the gene sequences and the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis are unknown so far. 24211386 9 66 theme amino 1177:1181 arg1 acids 1183:1187 527 amino acids 1173:1187 527 amino acids 1173:1187 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 2 67 theme food 238:241 arg1 material 243:250 an important functional food material 214:250 an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds 214:294 is increasingly considered as an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds. 24211386 5 68 theme complete 495:502 arg1 sequence 512:519 complete genomic sequence 495:519 complete genomic sequence 495:519 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 5 68 theme complete 495:502 arg1 responsible 617:627 responsible 617:627 responsible 617:627 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 3 69 theme seed 356:359 arg1 component 325:333 the major component 315:333 the major component of tartary buckwheat seed 315:359 Reserve starch is the major component of tartary buckwheat seed. 24211386 3 69 theme seed 356:359 arg1 starch 305:310 Reserve starch 297:310 Reserve starch 297:310 Reserve starch is the major component of tartary buckwheat seed. 24211386 1 70 theme Tartary 136:142 arg1 Gaertn 175:180 Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. 155:181 Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. 155:181 Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 1 70 theme Tartary 136:142 arg1 buckwheat 144:152 Tartary buckwheat 136:152 Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 136:182 Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 8 71 theme FtGBSSI 961:967 arg1 sequence 949:956 deduced amino acid sequence 930:956 deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI 930:967 In deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI, eight motifs conserved among plant starch synthases were identified. 24211386 6 72 theme FtGBSSI 708:714 arg1 sequence 692:699 The genomic sequence 680:699 The genomic sequence of the FtGBSSI 680:714 The genomic sequence of the FtGBSSI contained 3947 nucleotides and was composed of 14 exons and 13 introns. 24211386 10 73 theme monocot 1291:1297 arg1 Poaceae 1307:1313 Poaceae 1307:1313 Poaceae 1307:1313 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 10 73 theme monocot 1291:1297 arg1 plants 1299:1304 monocot plants 1291:1304 monocot plants (Poaceae) 1291:1314 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 6 74 theme genomic 684:690 arg1 sequence 692:699 The genomic sequence 680:699 The genomic sequence of the FtGBSSI 680:714 The genomic sequence of the FtGBSSI contained 3947 nucleotides and was composed of 14 exons and 13 introns. 24211386 0 75 theme buckwheat 95:103 arg1 gene 79:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene 39:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat 39:103 Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 10 76 theme FtGBSSI 1194:1200 arg1 protein 1209:1215 The FtGBSSI mature protein 1190:1215 The FtGBSSI mature protein 1190:1215 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 7 77 theme % 889:889 arg1 identities 891:900 -57.5% identities 884:900 56.6%-57.5% identities 879:900 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%-57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). 24211386 3 78 theme tartary 338:344 arg1 seed 356:359 tartary buckwheat seed 338:359 tartary buckwheat seed 338:359 Reserve starch is the major component of tartary buckwheat seed. 24211386 13 79 with kernels 1598:1604 arg1 aim 1615:1617 the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs 1611:1681 the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs 1611:1681 These results will be useful to modulate starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs. 24211386 8 80 theme plant 999:1003 arg1 synthases 1012:1020 plant starch synthases 999:1020 plant starch synthases 999:1020 In deduced amino acid sequence of FtGBSSI, eight motifs conserved among plant starch synthases were identified. 24211386 5 81 theme starch 579:584 arg1 synthase 586:593 granule-bound starch synthase I 565:595 full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI) 525:605 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 5 81 theme starch 579:584 arg1 FtGBSSI 598:604 FtGBSSI 598:604 FtGBSSI 598:604 In this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cDNA coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase I (FtGBSSI), which is responsible for amylose synthesis, were isolated and analyzed. 24211386 13 82 theme breeding 1665:1672 arg1 programs 1674:1681 future breeding programs 1658:1681 future breeding programs 1658:1681 These results will be useful to modulate starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs. 24211386 0 83 theme bound 47:51 arg1 gene 79:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene 39:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat 39:103 Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 10 84 theme % 1243:1243 arg1 % 1249:1249 73.4%-77.8% 1239:1249 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants 1239:1267 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 0 85 theme synthase 60:67 arg1 gene 79:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene 39:82 granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat 39:103 Identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) 24211386 9 86 theme FtGBSSI 1071:1077 arg1 protein 1079:1085 FtGBSSI protein 1071:1085 FtGBSSI protein 1071:1085 A cleavage at the site IVC↓G of FtGBSSI protein produces the chloroplast transit sequence of 78 amino acids and the mature protein of 527 amino acids. 24211386 10 87 theme dicot 1256:1260 arg1 plants 1262:1267 dicot plants 1256:1267 dicot plants 1256:1267 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 13 88 theme novel 1630:1634 arg1 varieties 1645:1653 novel improved varieties 1630:1653 novel improved varieties 1630:1653 These results will be useful to modulate starch composition of buckwheat kernels with the aim to produce novel improved varieties in future breeding programs. 24211386 10 89 theme % 1249:1249 arg1 identity 1227:1234 an identity 1224:1234 an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae) 1224:1314 The FtGBSSI mature protein showed an identity of 73.4%-77.8% with dicot plants, and 67.6%-70.4% with monocot plants (Poaceae). 24211386 7 90 theme -75.1 836:840 arg1 % 841:841 % 841:841 % 841:841 The cDNA coding sequence of FtGBSSI shared 63.3%-75.1% identities with those of dicots and 56.6%-57.5% identities with monocots (Poaceae). 26390679 7 0 with rhAT 841:844 arg1 circuit 872:878 a heparin-bonded CPB circuit 851:878 a heparin-bonded CPB circuit 851:878 On the basis of our postoperative bleeding observations, we wondered if using rhAT with a heparin-bonded CPB circuit enhanced its biocompatibility and perhaps improved patient outcomes. 26390679 5 1 theme patients 614:621 arg1 number 604:609 a number 602:609 a number of patients treated with rhAT 602:639 We observed less post-operative bleeding in a number of patients treated with rhAT. 26390679 7 2 dep observations 806:817 arg1 the 766:768 the 766:768 the 766:768 On the basis of our postoperative bleeding observations, we wondered if using rhAT with a heparin-bonded CPB circuit enhanced its biocompatibility and perhaps improved patient outcomes. 26390679 7 2 dep observations 806:817 arg1 basis 770:774 basis 770:774 basis 770:774 On the basis of our postoperative bleeding observations, we wondered if using rhAT with a heparin-bonded CPB circuit enhanced its biocompatibility and perhaps improved patient outcomes. 26390679 2 3 theme clotting 357:364 arg1 time 366:369 a therapeutic activated clotting time 333:369 a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT) 333:375 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 12 4 dep therapeutic 1512:1522 arg1 ACTs 1524:1527 ACTs 1524:1527 ACTs 1524:1527 Heparin-resistant patients can be treated with rhAT to achieve therapeutic ACTs. 26390679 9 5 theme rhAT 1128:1131 arg1 usage 1133:1137 rhAT usage 1128:1137 rhAT usage 1128:1137 We used patient data from 2012, prior to rhAT usage for comparison. 26390679 11 6 located observed 1425:1432 arg2 rates 1410:1414 rates 1410:1414 rates commonly observed at our center 1410:1446 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 11 6 located observed 1425:1432 arg1 center 1441:1446 our center 1437:1446 our center 1437:1446 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 2 7 theme activated 347:355 arg1 time 366:369 a therapeutic activated clotting time 333:369 a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT) 333:375 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 4 8 theme Carmeda® 540:547 arg1 coating 549:555 Medtronic Carmeda® coating 530:555 Medtronic Carmeda® coating 530:555 Our current CPB circuit uses Medtronic Carmeda® coating. 26390679 12 9 theme Heparin-resistant 1449:1465 arg1 patients 1467:1474 Heparin-resistant patients 1449:1474 Heparin-resistant patients 1449:1474 Heparin-resistant patients can be treated with rhAT to achieve therapeutic ACTs. 26390679 11 10 theme fibrillation 1268:1279 arg1 rates 1281:1285 decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates 1237:1285 decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates 1237:1285 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 11 11 theme atrial 1261:1266 arg1 fibrillation 1268:1279 postoperative atrial fibrillation 1247:1279 decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates 1237:1285 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 2 12 theme diminished 287:296 arg1 response 306:313 a diminished heparin response 285:313 a diminished heparin response 285:313 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 2 13 theme heparin 298:304 arg1 response 306:313 a diminished heparin response 285:313 a diminished heparin response 285:313 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 6 14 with patients 684:691 arg1 response 717:724 diminished heparin response 698:724 diminished heparin response 698:724 We theorized that adding rhAT would allow patients with diminished heparin response to safely achieve a therapeutic ACT. 26390679 9 15 from 2012 1113:1116 arg1 data 1103:1106 patient data 1095:1106 patient data 1095:1106 We used patient data from 2012, prior to rhAT usage for comparison. 26390679 8 16 theme antithrombin 1012:1023 arg1 therapy 1046:1052 antithrombin III (AT) replacement therapy 1012:1052 antithrombin III (AT) replacement therapy for diminished heparin response 1012:1084 Data were collected on 15 patients undergoing CPB who received antithrombin III (AT) replacement therapy for diminished heparin response. 26390679 13 17 theme Carmeda® 1596:1603 arg1 circuits 1620:1627 Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits 1596:1627 Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits 1596:1627 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 6 18 dep therapeutic 746:756 arg1 ACT 758:760 ACT 758:760 ACT 758:760 We theorized that adding rhAT would allow patients with diminished heparin response to safely achieve a therapeutic ACT. 26390679 3 19 theme antithrombin 459:470 arg1 [rhAT 476:480 recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT] 447:481 recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT] 447:481 We treat a majority of these patients with antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics). 26390679 3 19 theme antithrombin 459:470 arg1 ATryn® 439:444 ATryn® 439:444 ATryn® 439:444 We treat a majority of these patients with antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics). 26390679 1 20 theme Antithrombin 140:151 arg1 Circuits 195:202 ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits 121:202 ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits 121:202 Maximizing Biocompatibility in Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Combining ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits: A Case Series. 26390679 11 21 theme improved 1288:1295 arg1 preservation 1306:1317 improved platelet preservation 1288:1317 improved platelet preservation 1288:1317 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 7 22 theme patient 931:937 arg1 outcomes 939:946 patient outcomes 931:946 patient outcomes 931:946 On the basis of our postoperative bleeding observations, we wondered if using rhAT with a heparin-bonded CPB circuit enhanced its biocompatibility and perhaps improved patient outcomes. 26390679 13 23 theme heparin-bonded 1605:1618 arg1 circuits 1620:1627 Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits 1596:1627 Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits 1596:1627 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 9 24 used used 1090:1093 arg2 We 1087:1088 We 1087:1088 We 1087:1088 We used patient data from 2012, prior to rhAT usage for comparison. 26390679 13 25 theme CPB 1728:1730 arg1 consequences 1712:1723 the well-established negative clinical consequences 1673:1723 the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB 1673:1730 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 11 26 theme platelet 1297:1304 arg1 preservation 1306:1317 improved platelet preservation 1288:1317 improved platelet preservation 1288:1317 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 2 27 dep time 366:369 arg1 ACT 372:374 ACT 372:374 ACT 372:374 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 1 28 theme Case 207:210 arg1 Series 212:217 A Case Series 205:217 A Case Series 205:217 Maximizing Biocompatibility in Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Combining ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits: A Case Series. 26390679 11 29 theme decreased 1320:1328 arg1 unit 1345:1348 decreased intensive care unit 1320:1348 decreased intensive care unit 1320:1348 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 8 30 theme replacement 1034:1044 arg1 therapy 1046:1052 antithrombin III (AT) replacement therapy 1012:1052 antithrombin III (AT) replacement therapy for diminished heparin response 1012:1084 Data were collected on 15 patients undergoing CPB who received antithrombin III (AT) replacement therapy for diminished heparin response. 26390679 11 31 theme intensive 1330:1338 arg1 unit 1345:1348 decreased intensive care unit 1320:1348 decreased intensive care unit 1320:1348 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 13 32 theme negative 1694:1701 arg1 consequences 1712:1723 the well-established negative clinical consequences 1673:1723 the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB 1673:1730 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 13 33 theme rhAT 1571:1574 arg1 use 1564:1566 the use 1560:1566 the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits 1560:1627 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 7 34 theme bleeding 797:804 arg1 observations 806:817 our postoperative bleeding observations 779:817 our postoperative bleeding observations 779:817 On the basis of our postoperative bleeding observations, we wondered if using rhAT with a heparin-bonded CPB circuit enhanced its biocompatibility and perhaps improved patient outcomes. 26390679 3 35 theme patients 407:414 arg1 majority 389:396 a majority 387:396 a majority of these patients with antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics) 387:498 We treat a majority of these patients with antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics). 26390679 0 36 theme Patients 32:39 arg1 Management 0:9 Management 0:9 Management of Heparin-Resistant Patients with Benefits? 0:54 Management of Heparin-Resistant Patients with Benefits? 26390679 2 37 contain have 280:283 arg1 patients 271:278 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients 220:278 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients 220:278 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 2 37 contain have 280:283 arg2 response 306:313 a diminished heparin response 285:313 a diminished heparin response 285:313 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 13 38 theme positive 1645:1652 arg1 benefit 1654:1660 a positive benefit 1643:1660 a positive benefit 1643:1660 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 1 39 theme ATryn® 121:126 arg1 Circuits 195:202 ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits 121:202 ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits 121:202 Maximizing Biocompatibility in Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Combining ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits: A Case Series. 26390679 13 40 from use 1564:1566 arg1 conjunction 1579:1589 conjunction 1579:1589 conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits 1579:1627 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 0 41 theme Heparin-Resistant 14:30 arg1 Patients 32:39 Heparin-Resistant Patients 14:39 Heparin-Resistant Patients with Benefits 14:53 Management of Heparin-Resistant Patients with Benefits? 26390679 4 42 theme Medtronic 530:538 arg1 coating 549:555 Medtronic Carmeda® coating 530:555 Medtronic Carmeda® coating 530:555 Our current CPB circuit uses Medtronic Carmeda® coating. 26390679 1 43 theme Recombinant 128:138 arg1 Antithrombin 140:151 Recombinant Antithrombin III 128:155 Recombinant Antithrombin III 128:155 Maximizing Biocompatibility in Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Combining ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits: A Case Series. 26390679 11 44 theme postoperative 1247:1259 arg1 fibrillation 1268:1279 postoperative atrial fibrillation 1247:1279 decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates 1237:1285 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 1 45 dep Maximizing 56:65 arg1 Series 212:217 A Case Series 205:217 A Case Series 205:217 Maximizing Biocompatibility in Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Combining ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits: A Case Series. 26390679 13 46 contain have 1638:1641 arg2 benefit 1654:1660 a positive benefit 1643:1660 a positive benefit 1643:1660 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 13 46 contain have 1638:1641 arg1 use 1564:1566 the use 1560:1566 the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits 1560:1627 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 8 47 theme heparin 1069:1075 arg1 response 1077:1084 diminished heparin response 1058:1084 diminished heparin response 1058:1084 Data were collected on 15 patients undergoing CPB who received antithrombin III (AT) replacement therapy for diminished heparin response. 26390679 13 48 with conjunction 1579:1589 arg1 circuits 1620:1627 Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits 1596:1627 Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits 1596:1627 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 7 49 theme postoperative 783:795 arg1 observations 806:817 our postoperative bleeding observations 779:817 our postoperative bleeding observations 779:817 On the basis of our postoperative bleeding observations, we wondered if using rhAT with a heparin-bonded CPB circuit enhanced its biocompatibility and perhaps improved patient outcomes. 26390679 11 50 theme ventilator 1354:1363 arg1 times 1365:1369 ventilator times 1354:1369 ventilator times 1354:1369 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 8 51 theme diminished 1058:1067 arg1 response 1077:1084 diminished heparin response 1058:1084 diminished heparin response 1058:1084 Data were collected on 15 patients undergoing CPB who received antithrombin III (AT) replacement therapy for diminished heparin response. 26390679 10 52 dep therapeutic 1177:1187 arg1 ACT 1189:1191 ACT 1189:1191 ACT 1189:1191 All patients achieved therapeutic ACT after rhAT administration. 26390679 0 53 with Patients 32:39 arg1 Benefits 46:53 Benefits 46:53 Benefits 46:53 Management of Heparin-Resistant Patients with Benefits? 26390679 11 54 theme care 1340:1343 arg1 unit 1345:1348 decreased intensive care unit 1320:1348 decreased intensive care unit 1320:1348 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 13 55 theme clinical 1703:1710 arg1 consequences 1712:1723 the well-established negative clinical consequences 1673:1723 the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB 1673:1730 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 4 56 theme CPB 513:515 arg1 circuit 517:523 Our current CPB circuit 501:523 Our current CPB circuit 501:523 Our current CPB circuit uses Medtronic Carmeda® coating. 26390679 2 57 theme therapeutic 335:345 arg1 time 366:369 a therapeutic activated clotting time 333:369 a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT) 333:375 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 4 58 theme current 505:511 arg1 circuit 517:523 Our current CPB circuit 501:523 Our current CPB circuit 501:523 Our current CPB circuit uses Medtronic Carmeda® coating. 26390679 3 59 with patients 407:414 arg1 antithrombin 421:432 antithrombin III 421:436 antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics) 421:498 We treat a majority of these patients with antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics). 26390679 3 60 dep antithrombin 421:432 arg1 [rhAT 476:480 recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT] 447:481 recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT] 447:481 We treat a majority of these patients with antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics). 26390679 3 60 dep antithrombin 421:432 arg1 ATryn® 439:444 ATryn® 439:444 ATryn® 439:444 We treat a majority of these patients with antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics). 26390679 3 60 dep antithrombin 421:432 arg1 Biologics 489:497 Biologics 489:497 Biologics 489:497 We treat a majority of these patients with antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics). 26390679 11 61 theme decreased 1237:1245 arg1 rates 1281:1285 decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates 1237:1285 decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates 1237:1285 We also observed decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation rates, improved platelet preservation, decreased intensive care unit and ventilator times in patients receiving rhAT compared to rates commonly observed at our center. 26390679 3 62 theme recombinant 447:457 arg1 [rhAT 476:480 recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT] 447:481 recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT] 447:481 We treat a majority of these patients with antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics). 26390679 3 62 theme recombinant 447:457 arg1 ATryn® 439:444 ATryn® 439:444 ATryn® 439:444 We treat a majority of these patients with antithrombin III (ATryn®, recombinant antithrombin III [rhAT], rEVO Biologics). 26390679 10 63 theme rhAT 1199:1202 arg1 administration 1204:1217 rhAT administration 1199:1217 rhAT administration 1199:1217 All patients achieved therapeutic ACT after rhAT administration. 26390679 2 64 theme many 223:226 arg1 patients 271:278 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients 220:278 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients 220:278 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 9 65 theme patient 1095:1101 arg1 data 1103:1106 patient data 1095:1106 patient data 1095:1106 We used patient data from 2012, prior to rhAT usage for comparison. 26390679 6 66 theme heparin 709:715 arg1 response 717:724 diminished heparin response 698:724 diminished heparin response 698:724 We theorized that adding rhAT would allow patients with diminished heparin response to safely achieve a therapeutic ACT. 26390679 1 67 theme Carmeda® 161:168 arg1 Perfusion 185:193 Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion 161:193 Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion 161:193 Maximizing Biocompatibility in Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Combining ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits: A Case Series. 26390679 7 68 theme heparin-bonded 853:866 arg1 circuit 872:878 a heparin-bonded CPB circuit 851:878 a heparin-bonded CPB circuit 851:878 On the basis of our postoperative bleeding observations, we wondered if using rhAT with a heparin-bonded CPB circuit enhanced its biocompatibility and perhaps improved patient outcomes. 26390679 13 69 theme well-established 1677:1692 arg1 consequences 1712:1723 the well-established negative clinical consequences 1673:1723 the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB 1673:1730 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 6 70 theme diminished 698:707 arg1 response 717:724 diminished heparin response 698:724 diminished heparin response 698:724 We theorized that adding rhAT would allow patients with diminished heparin response to safely achieve a therapeutic ACT. 26390679 1 71 theme Heparin-Bonded 170:183 arg1 Perfusion 185:193 Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion 161:193 Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion 161:193 Maximizing Biocompatibility in Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Combining ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits: A Case Series. 26390679 7 72 theme CPB 868:870 arg1 circuit 872:878 a heparin-bonded CPB circuit 851:878 a heparin-bonded CPB circuit 851:878 On the basis of our postoperative bleeding observations, we wondered if using rhAT with a heparin-bonded CPB circuit enhanced its biocompatibility and perhaps improved patient outcomes. 26390679 13 73 theme patient 1744:1750 arg1 outcomes 1752:1759 patient outcomes 1744:1759 patient outcomes 1744:1759 Our observations suggest that the use of rhAT in conjunction with Carmeda® heparin-bonded circuits may also have a positive benefit on some of the well-established negative clinical consequences of CPB and improve patient outcomes. 26390679 2 74 theme bypass 258:263 arg1 % 233:233 25% 231:233 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) 231:269 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 2 74 theme bypass 258:263 arg1 CPB 266:268 CPB 266:268 CPB 266:268 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 2 74 theme bypass 258:263 arg1 bypass 258:263 bypass 258:263 bypass 258:263 As many as 25% of our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients have a diminished heparin response and fail to reach a therapeutic activated clotting time (ACT). 26390679 1 75 theme Perfusion 185:193 arg1 Circuits 195:202 ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits 121:202 ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits 121:202 Maximizing Biocompatibility in Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Combining ATryn® Recombinant Antithrombin III and Carmeda® Heparin-Bonded Perfusion Circuits: A Case Series. 27837876 11 0 theme recorded 2187:2194 arg1 spectra 2253:2259 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra 2183:2259 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra 2183:2259 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 2 1 theme plant 322:326 arg1 material 328:335 plant material 322:335 plant material 322:335 Chemically, they are complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota. 27837876 1 2 theme ecosystem 217:225 arg1 functions 227:235 associated ecosystem functions 206:235 associated ecosystem functions 206:235 Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. 27837876 9 3 from calculation 1774:1784 arg1 samples 1857:1863 the WEOM samples 1848:1863 the WEOM samples 1848:1863 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 8 4 theme treated 1753:1759 arg1 samples 1761:1767 the fire treated samples 1744:1767 the fire treated samples 1744:1767 Discrimination among WEOM from different vegetation types was preserved in the fire treated samples. 27837876 3 5 theme events 474:479 arg1 effect 412:417 the effect 408:417 the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) 408:530 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 6 dep spectrometry 609:620 arg1 spectroscopy 688:699 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 655:699 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 655:699 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 9 7 theme relative 1793:1800 arg1 abundance 1802:1810 the relative abundance 1789:1810 the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples 1789:1863 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 3 8 theme 2D 639:640 arg1 combination 546:556 a combination 544:556 a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 544:699 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 1 9 theme water-soluble 124:136 arg1 components 138:147 its water-soluble components 120:147 its water-soluble components 120:147 Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. 27837876 7 10 theme grassland 1652:1660 arg1 soils 1662:1666 grassland soils 1652:1666 grassland soils 1652:1666 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 10 11 theme compositional 1981:1993 arg1 impact 1995:2000 The compositional impact 1977:2000 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM 1977:2023 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 10 11 theme compositional 1981:1993 arg1 pronounced 2034:2043 pronounced 2034:2043 pronounced 2034:2043 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 3 12 theme nuclear 655:661 arg1 NMR 683:685 NMR 683:685 NMR 683:685 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 12 theme nuclear 655:661 arg1 resonance 672:680 nuclear magnetic resonance 655:680 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 655:699 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 11 13 from samples 2332:2338 arg1 decrease 2270:2277 a decrease 2268:2277 a decrease 2268:2277 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 13 from samples 2332:2338 arg1 pronounced 2356:2365 pronounced 2356:2365 pronounced 2356:2365 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 13 from samples 2332:2338 arg1 signal 2299:2304 the carbohydrate signal 2282:2304 the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples 2282:2338 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 3 14 from range 751:755 arg1 WEOM 738:741 WEOM 738:741 WEOM 738:741 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 14 from range 751:755 arg1 matter 730:735 water-extractable organic matter 704:735 water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples 704:775 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 9 15 theme functional 1823:1832 arg1 structures 1834:1843 certain functional structures 1815:1843 certain functional structures 1815:1843 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 2 16 theme complex 259:265 arg1 they 250:253 they 250:253 they 250:253 Chemically, they are complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota. 27837876 2 16 theme complex 259:265 arg1 mixtures 267:274 complex mixtures 259:274 complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota 259:397 Chemically, they are complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota. 27837876 1 17 theme important 157:165 arg1 role 167:170 an important role 154:170 an important role 154:170 Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. 27837876 7 18 theme clear 1519:1523 arg1 separation 1525:1534 a clear separation 1517:1534 a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes 1517:1590 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 10 19 theme fire 2012:2015 arg1 impact 1995:2000 The compositional impact 1977:2000 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM 1977:2023 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 10 19 theme fire 2012:2015 arg1 pronounced 2034:2043 pronounced 2034:2043 pronounced 2034:2043 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 6 20 theme Thirty-six 1098:1107 arg1 samples 1109:1115 Thirty-six samples 1098:1115 Thirty-six samples 1098:1115 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 9 21 theme WEOM 1852:1855 arg1 samples 1857:1863 the WEOM samples 1848:1863 the WEOM samples 1848:1863 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 3 22 theme resonance 672:680 arg1 spectroscopy 688:699 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 655:699 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 655:699 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 23 theme organic 511:517 arg1 matter 519:524 dissolved organic matter 501:524 dissolved organic matter (DOM) 501:530 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 23 theme organic 511:517 arg1 DOM 527:529 DOM 527:529 DOM 527:529 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 1 24 theme Soil 90:93 arg1 SOM 111:113 SOM 111:113 SOM 111:113 Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. 27837876 1 24 theme Soil 90:93 arg1 matter 103:108 Soil organic matter 90:108 Soil organic matter (SOM) 90:114 Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. 27837876 7 25 theme LDI-TOF-MS 1488:1497 arg1 conditions 1499:1508 the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1457:1508 the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1457:1508 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 9 26 from abundance 1802:1810 arg1 samples 1857:1863 the WEOM samples 1848:1863 the WEOM samples 1848:1863 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 3 27 theme water-extractable 704:720 arg1 WEOM 738:741 WEOM 738:741 WEOM 738:741 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 27 theme water-extractable 704:720 arg1 matter 730:735 water-extractable organic matter 704:735 water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples 704:775 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 7 28 theme suitable 1466:1473 arg1 conditions 1499:1508 the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1457:1508 the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1457:1508 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 9 29 theme common 1876:1881 arg1 composition 1883:1893 a common composition 1874:1893 a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM 1874:1922 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 5 30 theme reflector 977:985 arg1 mode 987:990 positive or negative reflector mode 956:990 positive or negative reflector mode 956:990 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 6 31 theme WEOM 1308:1311 arg1 characteristics 1313:1327 WEOM characteristics 1308:1327 WEOM characteristics 1308:1327 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 3 32 theme samples 769:775 arg1 range 751:755 a range 749:755 a range of top soil samples 749:775 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 7 33 attach presence 1615:1622 arg2 glycol 1641:1646 ethylene glycol 1632:1646 ethylene glycol 1632:1646 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 7 33 attach presence 1615:1622 arg2 poly 1627:1630 poly 1627:1630 poly(ethylene glycol) 1627:1647 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 7 33 attach presence 1615:1622 arg1 soils 1662:1666 grassland soils 1652:1666 grassland soils 1652:1666 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 6 34 from effect 1247:1252 arg1 characteristics 1313:1327 WEOM characteristics 1308:1327 WEOM characteristics 1308:1327 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 3 35 theme top 760:762 arg1 samples 769:775 top soil samples 760:775 top soil samples 760:775 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 11 36 theme signal 2299:2304 arg1 decrease 2270:2277 a decrease 2268:2277 a decrease 2268:2277 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 36 theme signal 2299:2304 arg1 pronounced 2356:2365 pronounced 2356:2365 pronounced 2356:2365 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 37 theme heteronuclear 2207:2219 arg1 HSQC 2247:2250 HSQC 2247:2250 HSQC 2247:2250 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 37 theme heteronuclear 2207:2219 arg1 coherence 2236:2244 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 2207:2244 heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) 2207:2251 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 3 38 from events 474:479 arg1 chemistry 488:496 the chemistry 484:496 the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) 484:530 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 8 39 theme vegetation 1710:1719 arg1 types 1721:1725 different vegetation types 1700:1725 different vegetation types 1700:1725 Discrimination among WEOM from different vegetation types was preserved in the fire treated samples. 27837876 7 40 theme changes 1584:1590 arg1 type 1548:1551 the type 1544:1551 the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes 1544:1590 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 7 41 theme NMDS 1439:1442 arg1 analysis 1445:1452 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis 1399:1452 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1399:1508 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 4 42 theme rapid 838:842 arg1 characterization 844:859 the rapid characterization 834:859 the rapid characterization of WEOM 834:867 The aim was to assess the suitability of LDI-TOF-MS for the rapid characterization of WEOM. 27837876 9 43 theme WEOM 1919:1922 arg1 composition 1883:1893 a common composition 1874:1893 a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM 1874:1922 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 3 44 dep type 436:439 arg1 forest 442:447 forest 442:447 forest 442:447 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 44 dep type 436:439 arg1 grassland 453:461 grassland 453:461 grassland 453:461 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 11 45 theme fire-treated 2319:2330 arg1 samples 2332:2338 fire-treated samples 2319:2338 fire-treated samples 2319:2338 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 2 46 theme soil 388:391 arg1 biota 393:397 soil biota 388:397 soil biota 388:397 Chemically, they are complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota. 27837876 11 47 theme quantum 2228:2234 arg1 HSQC 2247:2250 HSQC 2247:2250 HSQC 2247:2250 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 47 theme quantum 2228:2234 arg1 coherence 2236:2244 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 2207:2244 heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) 2207:2251 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 0 48 theme ecosystem 10:18 arg1 type 20:23 ecosystem type 10:23 ecosystem type 10:23 Effect of ecosystem type and fire on chemistry of WEOM as measured by LDI-TOF-MS and NMR. 27837876 7 49 theme multidimensional 1413:1428 arg1 analysis 1445:1452 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis 1399:1452 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1399:1508 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 10 50 from impact 1995:2000 arg1 WEOM 2020:2023 WEOM 2020:2023 WEOM 2020:2023 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 2 51 theme root 369:372 arg1 exudates 374:381 root exudates 369:381 root exudates 369:381 Chemically, they are complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota. 27837876 3 52 dep 2D 639:640 arg1 13C 650:652 13C 650:652 13C 650:652 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 52 dep 2D 639:640 arg1 1H 643:644 1H 643:644 1H 643:644 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 10 53 from increase 2131:2138 arg1 components 2112:2121 the main components 2103:2121 the main components 2103:2121 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 10 53 from increase 2131:2138 arg1 amino-sugars 2143:2154 amino-sugars 2143:2154 amino-sugars 2143:2154 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 10 53 from increase 2131:2138 arg1 acids 2163:2167 fatty acids 2157:2167 fatty acids 2157:2167 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 10 53 from increase 2131:2138 arg1 sterols 2174:2180 sterols 2174:2180 sterols 2174:2180 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 3 54 theme ecosystem 426:434 arg1 type 436:439 the ecosystem type 422:439 the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) 422:462 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 11 55 from soils 2395:2399 arg1 decrease 2270:2277 a decrease 2268:2277 a decrease 2268:2277 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 55 from soils 2395:2399 arg1 pronounced 2356:2365 pronounced 2356:2365 pronounced 2356:2365 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 5 56 theme sample 909:914 arg1 conditions 934:943 sample (pH and dilution) conditions 909:943 sample (pH and dilution) conditions 909:943 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 5 56 theme sample 909:914 arg1 dilution 924:931 dilution 924:931 dilution 924:931 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 5 56 theme sample 909:914 arg1 pH 917:918 pH 917:918 pH 917:918 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 3 57 theme spectrometry 609:620 arg1 combination 546:556 a combination 544:556 a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 544:699 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 58 from effect 412:417 arg1 chemistry 488:496 the chemistry 484:496 the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) 484:530 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 1 59 theme terrestrial 175:185 arg1 cycling 194:200 terrestrial carbon cycling 175:200 terrestrial carbon cycling 175:200 Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. 27837876 3 60 theme time-of-flight 589:602 arg1 LDI-TOF-MS 623:632 LDI-TOF-MS 623:632 LDI-TOF-MS 623:632 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 60 theme time-of-flight 589:602 arg1 spectrometry 609:620 laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 561:620 laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) 561:633 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 2 61 theme microbial 338:346 arg1 residues 348:355 microbial residues 338:355 microbial residues 338:355 Chemically, they are complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota. 27837876 6 62 theme fire 1357:1360 arg1 impact 1347:1352 the impact 1343:1352 the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM 1343:1396 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 11 63 from forest 2370:2375 arg1 decrease 2270:2277 a decrease 2268:2277 a decrease 2268:2277 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 63 from forest 2370:2375 arg1 pronounced 2356:2365 pronounced 2356:2365 pronounced 2356:2365 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 8 64 theme fire 1748:1751 arg1 samples 1761:1767 the fire treated samples 1744:1767 the fire treated samples 1744:1767 Discrimination among WEOM from different vegetation types was preserved in the fire treated samples. 27837876 6 65 from impact 1347:1352 arg1 composition 1378:1388 the chemical composition 1365:1388 the chemical composition of WEOM 1365:1396 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 5 66 dep conditions 934:943 arg1 conditions 934:943 sample (pH and dilution) conditions 909:943 sample (pH and dilution) conditions 909:943 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 5 66 dep conditions 934:943 arg1 dilution 924:931 dilution 924:931 dilution 924:931 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 5 66 dep conditions 934:943 arg1 pH 917:918 pH 917:918 pH 917:918 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 6 67 theme chemical 1173:1180 arg1 patterns 1182:1189 their chemical patterns 1167:1189 their chemical patterns 1167:1189 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 1 68 theme associated 206:215 arg1 functions 227:235 associated ecosystem functions 206:235 associated ecosystem functions 206:235 Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. 27837876 3 69 theme fires 468:472 arg1 events 474:479 the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events 422:479 the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) 422:530 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 5 70 theme different 1079:1087 arg1 sources 1089:1095 different sources 1079:1095 different sources 1079:1095 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 10 71 theme forest 2005:2010 arg1 fire 2012:2015 forest fire 2005:2015 forest fire 2005:2015 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 6 72 theme analytical 1141:1150 arg1 techniques 1152:1161 both analytical techniques 1136:1161 both analytical techniques 1136:1161 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 11 73 from pronounced 2356:2365 arg1 forest 2370:2375 forest 2370:2375 forest 2370:2375 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 73 from pronounced 2356:2365 arg1 soils 2395:2399 grassland soils 2385:2399 grassland soils 2385:2399 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 7 74 from presence 1615:1622 arg1 soils 1662:1666 grassland soils 1652:1666 grassland soils 1652:1666 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 9 75 theme abundance 1802:1810 arg1 calculation 1774:1784 The calculation 1770:1784 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples 1770:1863 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 2 76 theme organic 279:285 arg1 compounds 287:295 organic compounds 279:295 organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota 279:397 Chemically, they are complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota. 27837876 11 77 theme carbohydrate 2286:2297 arg1 signal 2299:2304 the carbohydrate signal 2282:2304 the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples 2282:2338 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 9 78 theme certain 1815:1821 arg1 structures 1834:1843 certain functional structures 1815:1843 certain functional structures 1815:1843 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 3 79 theme magnetic 663:670 arg1 NMR 683:685 NMR 683:685 NMR 683:685 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 79 theme magnetic 663:670 arg1 resonance 672:680 nuclear magnetic resonance 655:680 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 655:699 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 6 80 theme WEOM 1393:1396 arg1 composition 1378:1388 the chemical composition 1365:1388 the chemical composition of WEOM 1365:1396 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 9 81 theme structures 1834:1843 arg1 abundance 1802:1810 the relative abundance 1789:1810 the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples 1789:1863 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 5 82 theme conditions 934:943 arg1 effects 898:904 the effects 894:904 the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions 894:943 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 5 82 theme conditions 934:943 arg1 use 949:951 use 949:951 use of positive or negative reflector mode 949:990 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 3 83 theme matter 519:524 arg1 chemistry 488:496 the chemistry 484:496 the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) 484:530 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 11 84 from signal 2299:2304 arg1 WEOM 2309:2312 WEOM 2309:2312 WEOM 2309:2312 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 7 85 theme conditions 1499:1508 arg1 analysis 1445:1452 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis 1399:1452 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1399:1508 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 10 86 theme fatty 2157:2161 arg1 acids 2163:2167 fatty acids 2157:2167 fatty acids 2157:2167 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 3 87 theme dissolved 501:509 arg1 matter 519:524 dissolved organic matter 501:524 dissolved organic matter (DOM) 501:530 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 87 theme dissolved 501:509 arg1 DOM 527:529 DOM 527:529 DOM 527:529 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 11 88 from WEOM 2309:2312 arg1 decrease 2270:2277 a decrease 2268:2277 a decrease 2268:2277 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 88 from WEOM 2309:2312 arg1 pronounced 2356:2365 pronounced 2356:2365 pronounced 2356:2365 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 7 89 theme experimental 1475:1486 arg1 conditions 1499:1508 the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1457:1508 the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1457:1508 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 1 90 theme organic 95:101 arg1 SOM 111:113 SOM 111:113 SOM 111:113 Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. 27837876 1 90 theme organic 95:101 arg1 matter 103:108 Soil organic matter 90:108 Soil organic matter (SOM) 90:114 Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. 27837876 7 91 theme ethylene 1632:1639 arg1 poly 1627:1630 poly 1627:1630 poly(ethylene glycol) 1627:1647 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 7 91 theme ethylene 1632:1639 arg1 glycol 1641:1646 ethylene glycol 1632:1646 ethylene glycol 1632:1646 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 10 92 theme grassland 2068:2076 arg1 one 2061:2063 the one 2057:2063 the one of grassland 2057:2076 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 3 93 from chemistry 488:496 arg1 effect 412:417 the effect 408:417 the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) 408:530 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 94 theme organic 722:728 arg1 WEOM 738:741 WEOM 738:741 WEOM 738:741 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 94 theme organic 722:728 arg1 matter 730:735 water-extractable organic matter 704:735 water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples 704:775 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 0 95 theme WEOM 50:53 arg1 chemistry 37:45 chemistry 37:45 chemistry of WEOM 37:53 Effect of ecosystem type and fire on chemistry of WEOM as measured by LDI-TOF-MS and NMR. 27837876 7 96 theme poly 1627:1630 arg1 presence 1615:1622 the presence 1611:1622 the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils 1611:1666 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 10 97 from decline 2092:2098 arg1 components 2112:2121 the main components 2103:2121 the main components 2103:2121 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 10 97 from decline 2092:2098 arg1 amino-sugars 2143:2154 amino-sugars 2143:2154 amino-sugars 2143:2154 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 10 97 from decline 2092:2098 arg1 acids 2163:2167 fatty acids 2157:2167 fatty acids 2157:2167 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 10 97 from decline 2092:2098 arg1 sterols 2174:2180 sterols 2174:2180 sterols 2174:2180 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 6 98 theme ecosystem 1269:1277 arg1 type 1261:1264 the type 1257:1264 the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) 1257:1303 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 5 99 theme mode 987:990 arg1 effects 898:904 the effects 894:904 the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions 894:943 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 5 99 theme mode 987:990 arg1 use 949:951 use 949:951 use of positive or negative reflector mode 949:990 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 4 100 theme WEOM 864:867 arg1 characterization 844:859 the rapid characterization 834:859 the rapid characterization of WEOM 834:867 The aim was to assess the suitability of LDI-TOF-MS for the rapid characterization of WEOM. 27837876 5 101 dep LDI-TOF-MS 1031:1040 arg1 distinguished 1047:1059 distinguished 1047:1059 LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources 1031:1095 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 9 102 theme forest 1898:1903 arg1 WEOM 1919:1922 forest and grassland WEOM 1898:1922 forest and grassland WEOM 1898:1922 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 8 103 from types 1721:1725 arg1 Discrimination 1669:1682 Discrimination 1669:1682 Discrimination among WEOM from different vegetation types 1669:1725 Discrimination among WEOM from different vegetation types was preserved in the fire treated samples. 27837876 6 104 theme type 1261:1264 arg1 effect 1247:1252 the effect 1243:1252 the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics 1243:1327 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 11 105 theme 1H 2196:2197 arg1 NMR 2199:2201 1H NMR 2196:2201 1H NMR 2196:2201 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 3 106 theme soil 764:767 arg1 samples 769:775 top soil samples 760:775 top soil samples 760:775 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 9 107 dep 60 1972:1973 arg1 to 1969:1970 to 1969:1970 to 1969:1970 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 4 108 theme LDI-TOF-MS 819:828 arg1 suitability 804:814 the suitability 800:814 the suitability of LDI-TOF-MS for the rapid characterization of WEOM 800:867 The aim was to assess the suitability of LDI-TOF-MS for the rapid characterization of WEOM. 27837876 9 109 theme grassland 1909:1917 arg1 WEOM 1919:1922 forest and grassland WEOM 1898:1922 forest and grassland WEOM 1898:1922 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 5 110 theme positive 956:963 arg1 mode 987:990 positive or negative reflector mode 956:990 positive or negative reflector mode 956:990 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 6 111 dep ecosystem 1269:1277 arg1 grassland 1294:1302 grassland 1294:1302 grassland 1294:1302 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 6 111 dep ecosystem 1269:1277 arg1 forest 1280:1285 forest 1280:1285 forest 1280:1285 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 8 112 theme different 1700:1708 arg1 types 1721:1725 different vegetation types 1700:1725 different vegetation types 1700:1725 Discrimination among WEOM from different vegetation types was preserved in the fire treated samples. 27837876 10 113 theme main 2107:2110 arg1 components 2112:2121 the main components 2103:2121 the main components 2103:2121 The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. 27837876 11 114 from decrease 2270:2277 arg1 WEOM 2309:2312 WEOM 2309:2312 WEOM 2309:2312 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 114 from decrease 2270:2277 arg1 samples 2332:2338 fire-treated samples 2319:2338 fire-treated samples 2319:2338 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 5 115 theme negative 968:975 arg1 mode 987:990 positive or negative reflector mode 956:990 positive or negative reflector mode 956:990 Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. 27837876 7 116 theme fire-induced 1571:1582 arg1 changes 1584:1590 fire-induced changes 1571:1590 fire-induced changes 1571:1590 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 11 117 theme single 2221:2226 arg1 HSQC 2247:2250 HSQC 2247:2250 HSQC 2247:2250 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 11 117 theme single 2221:2226 arg1 coherence 2236:2244 heteronuclear single quantum coherence 2207:2244 heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) 2207:2251 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 0 118 theme type 20:23 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of ecosystem type 0:23 Effect of ecosystem type and fire on chemistry of WEOM as measured by LDI-TOF-MS and NMR. 27837876 11 119 theme NMR 2199:2201 arg1 spectra 2253:2259 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra 2183:2259 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra 2183:2259 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 7 120 theme vegetation 1556:1565 arg1 type 1548:1551 the type 1544:1551 the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes 1544:1590 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 9 121 from samples 1857:1863 arg1 calculation 1774:1784 The calculation 1770:1784 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples 1770:1863 The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. 27837876 7 122 theme scaling 1430:1436 arg1 analysis 1445:1452 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis 1399:1452 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1399:1508 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 7 123 theme nonmetric 1403:1411 arg1 analysis 1445:1452 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis 1399:1452 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions 1399:1508 The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. 27837876 3 124 theme mass 604:607 arg1 LDI-TOF-MS 623:632 LDI-TOF-MS 623:632 LDI-TOF-MS 623:632 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 124 theme mass 604:607 arg1 spectrometry 609:620 laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 561:620 laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) 561:633 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 125 theme type 436:439 arg1 events 474:479 the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events 422:479 the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) 422:530 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 6 126 theme chemical 1369:1376 arg1 composition 1378:1388 the chemical composition 1365:1388 the chemical composition of WEOM 1365:1396 Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. 27837876 11 127 theme coherence 2236:2244 arg1 spectra 2253:2259 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra 2183:2259 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra 2183:2259 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 27837876 3 128 theme laser-desorption/ionization 561:587 arg1 LDI-TOF-MS 623:632 LDI-TOF-MS 623:632 LDI-TOF-MS 623:632 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 3 128 theme laser-desorption/ionization 561:587 arg1 spectrometry 609:620 laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 561:620 laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) 561:633 To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. 27837876 2 129 theme compounds 287:295 arg1 they 250:253 they 250:253 they 250:253 Chemically, they are complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota. 27837876 2 129 theme compounds 287:295 arg1 mixtures 267:274 complex mixtures 259:274 complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota 259:397 Chemically, they are complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota. 27837876 1 130 theme carbon 187:192 arg1 cycling 194:200 terrestrial carbon cycling 175:200 terrestrial carbon cycling 175:200 Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. 27837876 11 131 theme grassland 2385:2393 arg1 soils 2395:2399 grassland soils 2385:2399 grassland soils 2385:2399 The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils. 24835163 6 0 dep % 944:944 arg1 8.0 941:943 8.0 941:943 8.0 941:943 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 6 0 dep % 944:944 arg1 w/v 947:949 w/v 947:949 w/v 947:949 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 3 1 with similarities 579:590 arg1 T 515:515 T 515:515 T 515:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 1 with similarities 579:590 arg1 species 603:609 other species 597:609 other species 597:609 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 1 with similarities 579:590 arg1 R-6488 393:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488 371:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T) 371:401 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 1 with similarities 579:590 arg1 T 465:465 T 465:465 T 465:465 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 1 with similarities 579:590 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 1 with similarities 579:590 arg1 IFO 558:560 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566 541:566 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) 541:569 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 1 with similarities 579:590 arg1 LMG 505:507 Bacillus humi LMG 22167 491:513 Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T) 491:516 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 1 with similarities 579:590 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 1 with similarities 579:590 arg1 I-1378 458:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378 426:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T) 426:466 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 7 2 theme fatty 1061:1065 arg1 C 1078:1078 C(16 : 1) 1078:1086 C(16 : 1) 1078:1086 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 7 2 theme fatty 1061:1065 arg1 acids 1067:1071 the major fatty acids 1051:1071 the major fatty acids 1051:1071 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 8 3 theme polar 1135:1139 arg1 lipids 1141:1146 The major polar lipids 1125:1146 The major polar lipids 1125:1146 The major polar lipids were represented by diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids. 24835163 8 4 theme unidentified 1224:1235 arg1 phospholipids 1237:1249 two unidentified phospholipids 1220:1249 two unidentified phospholipids 1220:1249 The major polar lipids were represented by diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids. 24835163 6 5 dep NaCl 952:955 arg1 % 944:944 % 944:944 % 944:944 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 3 6 theme other 597:601 arg1 species 603:609 other species 597:609 other species 597:609 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 2 7 theme resources 271:279 arg1 compost 287:293 a marine animal resources (MAR) compost 255:293 a marine animal resources (MAR) compost 255:293 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 9 8 theme kokeshiiformis 1436:1449 arg1 sp 1451:1452 Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 1427:1452 the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 1418:1452 The analysed polyphasic data presented here clearly indicate that the isolate MO-04(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 5 9 dep B. 804:805 arg1 thermolactis 807:818 B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%) 804:840 B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%) 804:840 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 5 9 dep B. 804:805 arg1 T 827:827 T 827:827 T 827:827 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 5 9 dep B. 804:805 arg1 R-6488 820:825 R-6488 820:825 R-6488 820:825 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 5 9 dep B. 804:805 arg1 % 839:839 35.0 mol% 831:839 35.0 mol% 831:839 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 11 10 theme 19325 1530:1534 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 11 10 theme 19325 1530:1534 arg1 33163 1546:1550  = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163 1523:1550  = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T) 1523:1553 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 7 11 theme meso-2,6-diaminopimelic 1017:1039 arg1 acid 1041:1044 meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 1017:1044 meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 1017:1044 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 5 12 theme mol 836:838 arg1 % 839:839 35.0 mol% 831:839 35.0 mol% 831:839 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 5 12 theme mol 836:838 arg1 R-6488 820:825 R-6488 820:825 R-6488 820:825 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 3 13 theme Bacillus 491:498 arg1 T 515:515 T 515:515 T 515:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 13 theme Bacillus 491:498 arg1 LMG 505:507 Bacillus humi LMG 22167 491:513 Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T) 491:516 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 11 14 dep MO-04 1513:1517 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 11 14 dep MO-04 1513:1517 arg1 33163 1546:1550  = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163 1523:1550  = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T) 1523:1553 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 6 15 theme tolerated 925:933 arg1 % 967:967 optimum 2% 958:967 optimum 2% 958:967 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 6 15 theme tolerated 925:933 arg1 NaCl 952:955 tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl 925:955 tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%) 925:968 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 2 16 theme Gram-staining-positive 103:124 arg1 bacterium 198:206 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium 95:206 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium 95:206 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 3 17 with similarity 410:419 arg1 T 515:515 T 515:515 T 515:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 17 with similarity 410:419 arg1 species 603:609 other species 597:609 other species 597:609 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 17 with similarity 410:419 arg1 R-6488 393:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488 371:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T) 371:401 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 17 with similarity 410:419 arg1 T 465:465 T 465:465 T 465:465 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 17 with similarity 410:419 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 17 with similarity 410:419 arg1 IFO 558:560 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566 541:566 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) 541:569 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 17 with similarity 410:419 arg1 LMG 505:507 Bacillus humi LMG 22167 491:513 Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T) 491:516 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 17 with similarity 410:419 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 17 with similarity 410:419 arg1 I-1378 458:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378 426:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T) 426:466 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 11 18 theme type 1477:1480 arg1 MO-04 1513:1517 MO-04 1513:1517 MO-04 1513:1517 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 11 18 theme type 1477:1480 arg1 strain 1482:1487 The type strain 1473:1487 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis 1473:1508 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 7 19 theme wall 989:992 arg1 peptidoglycan 994:1006 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan 971:1006 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type 971:1011 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 5 20 theme strain 740:745 arg1 T 753:753 T 753:753 T 753:753 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 5 20 theme strain 740:745 arg1 MO-04 747:751 strain MO-04 740:751 strain MO-04(T) 740:754 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 9 21 theme polyphasic 1265:1274 arg1 data 1276:1279 The analysed polyphasic data 1252:1279 The analysed polyphasic data presented here 1252:1294 The analysed polyphasic data presented here clearly indicate that the isolate MO-04(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 2 22 theme animal 264:269 arg1 MAR 282:284 MAR 282:284 MAR 282:284 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 2 22 theme animal 264:269 arg1 resources 271:279 marine animal resources 257:279 a marine animal resources (MAR) compost 255:293 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 3 23 with similarity 355:364 arg1 T 515:515 T 515:515 T 515:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 23 with similarity 355:364 arg1 species 603:609 other species 597:609 other species 597:609 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 23 with similarity 355:364 arg1 R-6488 393:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488 371:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T) 371:401 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 23 with similarity 355:364 arg1 T 465:465 T 465:465 T 465:465 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 23 with similarity 355:364 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 23 with similarity 355:364 arg1 IFO 558:560 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566 541:566 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) 541:569 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 23 with similarity 355:364 arg1 LMG 505:507 Bacillus humi LMG 22167 491:513 Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T) 491:516 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 23 with similarity 355:364 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 23 with similarity 355:364 arg1 I-1378 458:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378 426:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T) 426:466 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 24 theme 93.2 519:522 arg1 % 523:523 % 523:523 % 523:523 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 5 25 theme DNA 721:723 arg1 % 768:768 33.4 mol% 760:768 33.4 mol% 760:768 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 5 25 theme DNA 721:723 arg1 content 729:735 The DNA G+C content 717:735 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) 717:754 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 3 26 theme rRNA 304:307 arg1 sequence 314:321 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 296:321 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) 296:340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 27 with similarity 525:534 arg1 T 515:515 T 515:515 T 515:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 27 with similarity 525:534 arg1 species 603:609 other species 597:609 other species 597:609 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 27 with similarity 525:534 arg1 R-6488 393:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488 371:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T) 371:401 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 27 with similarity 525:534 arg1 T 465:465 T 465:465 T 465:465 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 27 with similarity 525:534 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 27 with similarity 525:534 arg1 IFO 558:560 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566 541:566 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) 541:569 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 27 with similarity 525:534 arg1 LMG 505:507 Bacillus humi LMG 22167 491:513 Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T) 491:516 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 27 with similarity 525:534 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 27 with similarity 525:534 arg1 I-1378 458:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378 426:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T) 426:466 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 2 28 attach isolated 241:248 arg1 compost 287:293 a marine animal resources (MAR) compost 255:293 a marine animal resources (MAR) compost 255:293 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 2 28 attach isolated 241:248 arg2 bacterium 198:206 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium 95:206 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium 95:206 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 7 29 theme cell 984:987 arg1 peptidoglycan 994:1006 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan 971:1006 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type 971:1011 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 7 30 dep 17  1116:1118 arg1  1 1120:1121  1 1120:1121 17 : 1 1116:1121 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 3 31 theme strain 326:331 arg1 MO-04 333:337 strain MO-04 326:337 strain MO-04(T) 326:340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 31 theme strain 326:331 arg1 T 339:339 T 339:339 T 339:339 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 4 32 theme strain 659:664 arg1 T 672:672 T 672:672 T 672:672 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MO-04(T) and B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) was 45%. 24835163 4 32 theme strain 659:664 arg1 MO-04 666:670 strain MO-04 659:670 strain MO-04(T) 659:673 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MO-04(T) and B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) was 45%. 24835163 7 33 theme MO-04 975:979 arg1 peptidoglycan 994:1006 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan 971:1006 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type 971:1011 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 3 34 theme 99.4 349:352 arg1 % 353:353 % 353:353 % 353:353 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 35 dep Bacillus 371:378 arg1 thermolactis 380:391 thermolactis 380:391 thermolactis 380:391 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 0 36 theme Thermotolerant 0:13 arg1 sp 39:40 Thermotolerant Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 0:40 Thermotolerant Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 0:41 Thermotolerant Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 9 37 dep genus 1393:1397 arg1 Bacillus 1399:1406 the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 1389:1452 the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 1389:1452 The analysed polyphasic data presented here clearly indicate that the isolate MO-04(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 3 38 theme % 408:408 arg1 similarity 410:419 94.1% similarity 404:419 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T) 404:466 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 0 39 theme kokeshiiformis 24:37 arg1 sp 39:40 Thermotolerant Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 0:40 Thermotolerant Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 0:41 Thermotolerant Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 5 40 theme 33.4 760:763 arg1 mol 765:767 mol 765:767 mol 765:767 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 3 41 theme Bacillus 371:378 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 41 theme Bacillus 371:378 arg1 R-6488 393:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488 371:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T) 371:401 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 4 42 theme B. 679:680 arg1 T 705:705 T 705:705 T 705:705 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MO-04(T) and B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) was 45%. 24835163 4 42 theme B. 679:680 arg1 23332 699:703 B. thermolactis DSM 23332 679:703 B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) 679:706 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MO-04(T) and B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) was 45%. 24835163 3 43 theme 16S 300:302 arg1 rRNA 304:307 The 16S rRNA 296:307 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) 296:340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 44 theme Bacillus 541:548 arg1 IFO 558:560 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566 541:566 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) 541:569 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 44 theme Bacillus 541:548 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 4 45 theme DSM 695:697 arg1 T 705:705 T 705:705 T 705:705 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MO-04(T) and B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) was 45%. 24835163 4 45 theme DSM 695:697 arg1 23332 699:703 B. thermolactis DSM 23332 679:703 B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) 679:706 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MO-04(T) and B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) was 45%. 24835163 3 46 theme thermoamylovorans 435:451 arg1 T 465:465 T 465:465 T 465:465 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 46 theme thermoamylovorans 435:451 arg1 I-1378 458:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378 426:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T) 426:466 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 47 with similarity 475:484 arg1 T 515:515 T 515:515 T 515:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 47 with similarity 475:484 arg1 species 603:609 other species 597:609 other species 597:609 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 47 with similarity 475:484 arg1 R-6488 393:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488 371:398 Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T) 371:401 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 47 with similarity 475:484 arg1 T 465:465 T 465:465 T 465:465 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 47 with similarity 475:484 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 47 with similarity 475:484 arg1 IFO 558:560 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566 541:566 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) 541:569 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 47 with similarity 475:484 arg1 LMG 505:507 Bacillus humi LMG 22167 491:513 Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T) 491:516 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 47 with similarity 475:484 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 47 with similarity 475:484 arg1 I-1378 458:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378 426:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T) 426:466 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 9 48 theme novel 1368:1372 arg1 species 1374:1380 a novel species 1366:1380 a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 1366:1452 The analysed polyphasic data presented here clearly indicate that the isolate MO-04(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 3 49 theme 93.3 469:472 arg1 % 473:473 % 473:473 % 473:473 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 2 50 theme strain 220:225 arg1 MO-04 227:231 strain MO-04 220:231 strain MO-04(T) 220:234 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 2 50 theme strain 220:225 arg1 T 233:233 T 233:233 T 233:233 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 6 51 dep 8.0 941:943 arg1 to 938:939 to 938:939 to 938:939 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 3 52 theme % 473:473 arg1 similarity 475:484 93.3% similarity 469:484 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T) 469:516 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 53 theme humi 500:503 arg1 T 515:515 T 515:515 T 515:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 53 theme humi 500:503 arg1 LMG 505:507 Bacillus humi LMG 22167 491:513 Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T) 491:516 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 8 54 theme major 1129:1133 arg1 lipids 1141:1146 The major polar lipids 1125:1146 The major polar lipids 1125:1146 The major polar lipids were represented by diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids. 24835163 7 55 theme major 1055:1059 arg1 C 1078:1078 C(16 : 1) 1078:1086 C(16 : 1) 1078:1086 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 7 55 theme major 1055:1059 arg1 acids 1067:1071 the major fatty acids 1051:1071 the major fatty acids 1051:1071 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 9 56 theme Bacillus 1427:1434 arg1 sp 1451:1452 Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 1427:1452 the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 1418:1452 The analysed polyphasic data presented here clearly indicate that the isolate MO-04(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 11 57 theme  = JCM 1523:1528 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 11 57 theme  = JCM 1523:1528 arg1 33163 1546:1550  = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163 1523:1550  = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T) 1523:1553 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 6 58 theme optimum 877:883 arg1 °C 873:874 35-61 °C 867:874 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C) 867:890 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 6 58 theme optimum 877:883 arg1 °C 888:889 optimum 50 °C 877:889 optimum 50 °C 877:889 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 11 59 theme  = KCTC 1538:1544 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 11 59 theme  = KCTC 1538:1544 arg1 33163 1546:1550  = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163 1523:1550  = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T) 1523:1553 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 4 60 dep B. 679:680 arg1 thermolactis 682:693 thermolactis 682:693 thermolactis 682:693 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MO-04(T) and B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) was 45%. 24835163 11 61 theme T 1536:1536 arg1 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 T 1552:1552 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 11 61 theme T 1536:1536 arg1 33163 1546:1550  = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163 1523:1550  = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T) 1523:1553 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 2 62 theme novel 97:101 arg1 bacterium 198:206 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium 95:206 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium 95:206 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 9 63 theme analysed 1256:1263 arg1 data 1276:1279 The analysed polyphasic data 1252:1279 The analysed polyphasic data presented here 1252:1294 The analysed polyphasic data presented here clearly indicate that the isolate MO-04(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 7 64 theme peptidoglycan 994:1006 arg1 type 1008:1011 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type 971:1011 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type 971:1011 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 6 65 theme optimum 958:964 arg1 % 967:967 optimum 2% 958:967 optimum 2% 958:967 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 6 65 theme optimum 958:964 arg1 NaCl 952:955 tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl 925:955 tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%) 925:968 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 3 66 theme % 523:523 arg1 similarity 525:534 93.2% similarity 519:534 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) 519:569 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 9 67 dep name 1422:1425 arg1 sp 1451:1452 Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 1427:1452 the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 1418:1452 The analysed polyphasic data presented here clearly indicate that the isolate MO-04(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 5 68 theme MO-04 747:751 arg1 % 768:768 33.4 mol% 760:768 33.4 mol% 760:768 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 5 68 theme MO-04 747:751 arg1 content 729:735 The DNA G+C content 717:735 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) 717:754 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 6 69 theme optimum 905:911 arg1 pH 913:914 optimum pH 7.2 905:918 optimum pH 7.2 905:918 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 6 69 theme optimum 905:911 arg1 pH 893:894 pH 4.5-9.0 893:902 pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) 893:919 Strain MO-04(T) grew at 35-61 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 4.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and tolerated up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 24835163 11 70 theme kokeshiiformis 1495:1508 arg1 MO-04 1513:1517 MO-04 1513:1517 MO-04 1513:1517 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 11 70 theme kokeshiiformis 1495:1508 arg1 strain 1482:1487 The type strain 1473:1487 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis 1473:1508 The type strain of B. kokeshiiformis is MO-04(T) ( = JCM 19325(T) = KCTC 33163(T)). 24835163 7 71 theme T 981:981 arg1 peptidoglycan 994:1006 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan 971:1006 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type 971:1011 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 2 72 theme marine 257:262 arg1 MAR 282:284 MAR 282:284 MAR 282:284 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 2 72 theme marine 257:262 arg1 resources 271:279 marine animal resources 257:279 a marine animal resources (MAR) compost 255:293 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 5 73 theme G+C 725:727 arg1 % 768:768 33.4 mol% 760:768 33.4 mol% 760:768 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 5 73 theme G+C 725:727 arg1 content 729:735 The DNA G+C content 717:735 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) 717:754 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 3 74 theme gene 309:312 arg1 sequence 314:321 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 296:321 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) 296:340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 2 75 dep Gram-staining-positive 103:124 arg1 thermotolerant 183:196 thermotolerant 183:196 thermotolerant 183:196 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 2 75 dep Gram-staining-positive 103:124 arg1 rod-shaped 146:155 rod-shaped 146:155 rod-shaped 146:155 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 2 75 dep Gram-staining-positive 103:124 arg1 anaerobic 172:180 anaerobic 172:180 anaerobic 172:180 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 2 75 dep Gram-staining-positive 103:124 arg1 endospore-forming 127:143 endospore-forming 127:143 endospore-forming 127:143 A novel Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium, designated strain MO-04(T), was isolated from a marine animal resources (MAR) compost. 24835163 3 76 dep showed 342:347 arg1 % 628:628 less than 93% 616:628 less than 93% 616:628 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 1 77 theme marine 62:67 arg1 animal 69:74 marine animal 62:74 marine animal 62:74 nov. isolated from marine animal resources compost. 24835163 4 78 theme DNA-DNA 631:637 arg1 relatedness 639:649 DNA-DNA relatedness 631:649 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MO-04(T) and B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) 631:706 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MO-04(T) and B. thermolactis DSM 23332(T) was 45%. 24835163 1 79 attach isolated 48:55 arg2 nov. 43:46 nov. 43:46 nov. isolated from marine animal 43:74 nov. isolated from marine animal resources compost. 24835163 1 79 attach isolated 48:55 arg1 animal 69:74 marine animal 62:74 marine animal 62:74 nov. isolated from marine animal resources compost. 24835163 3 80 theme MO-04 333:337 arg1 sequence 314:321 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 296:321 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) 296:340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 9 81 theme isolate 1322:1328 arg1 T 1336:1336 T 1336:1336 T 1336:1336 The analysed polyphasic data presented here clearly indicate that the isolate MO-04(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 9 81 theme isolate 1322:1328 arg1 MO-04 1330:1334 the isolate MO-04 1318:1334 the isolate MO-04(T) 1318:1337 The analysed polyphasic data presented here clearly indicate that the isolate MO-04(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 0 82 theme Bacillus 15:22 arg1 sp 39:40 Thermotolerant Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp 0:40 Thermotolerant Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 0:41 Thermotolerant Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. 24835163 3 83 theme % 353:353 arg1 similarity 355:364 99.4% similarity 349:364 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T) 349:401 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 84 theme niacini 550:556 arg1 IFO 558:560 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566 541:566 Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) 541:569 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 84 theme niacini 550:556 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 85 theme 94.1 404:407 arg1 % 408:408 % 408:408 % 408:408 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 7 86 dep C 1078:1078 arg1 17  1116:1118 17  1116:1118 17 : 1 1116:1121 The MO-04(T) cell wall peptidoglycan type was meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the major fatty acids were C(16 : 1), C(14 : 1), C(17 : 0) and C(17 : 1). 24835163 3 87 theme CNCM 453:456 arg1 T 465:465 T 465:465 T 465:465 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 87 theme CNCM 453:456 arg1 I-1378 458:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378 426:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T) 426:466 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 5 88 theme lower 785:789 arg1 % 768:768 33.4 mol% 760:768 33.4 mol% 760:768 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 5 88 theme lower 785:789 arg1 content 729:735 The DNA G+C content 717:735 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) 717:754 The DNA G+C content of strain MO-04(T) was 33.4 mol%, comparatively lower than that of B. thermolactis R-6488(T) (35.0 mol%). 24835163 3 89 theme Bacillus 426:433 arg1 T 465:465 T 465:465 T 465:465 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24835163 3 89 theme Bacillus 426:433 arg1 I-1378 458:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378 426:463 Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T) 426:466 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MO-04(T) showed 99.4% similarity with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488(T), 94.1% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378(T), 93.3% similarity with Bacillus humi LMG 22167(T), 93.2% similarity with Bacillus niacini IFO 15566(T) and the similarities with other species were less than 93%. 24560459 7 0 dep % 1160:1160 arg1 to 1162:1163 to 1162:1163 to 1162:1163 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 5 1 theme salt 717:720 arg1 composition 690:700 The composition 686:700 The composition of precipitant salt 686:720 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 7 2 theme molecular 1314:1322 arg1 weight 1324:1329 molecular weight 1314:1329 molecular weight 1314:1329 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 6 3 theme minimal 988:994 arg1 effect 996:1001 minimal effect 988:1001 minimal effect 988:1001 Sonication power had minimal effect on mean particle size, however, it significantly reduced polydispersity. 24560459 8 4 theme molecular 1443:1451 arg1 weight 1453:1458 protein molecular weight 1435:1458 protein molecular weight 1435:1458 Protein release rates increased with particle size and were generally inversely related to protein molecular weight. 24560459 1 5 theme vaccines 189:196 arg1 delivery 156:163 the delivery 152:163 the delivery of drugs, biologics and vaccines 152:196 Chitosan-based nano/microencapsulation is under increasing investigation for the delivery of drugs, biologics and vaccines. 24560459 9 6 theme controllable 1604:1615 arg1 kinetics 1625:1632 controllable release kinetics 1604:1632 controllable release kinetics 1604:1632 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 9 7 theme high 1524:1527 arg1 efficiencies 1545:1556 high protein loading efficiencies 1524:1556 high protein loading efficiencies 1524:1556 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 3 8 theme parameters 409:418 arg1 effects 359:365 the effects 355:365 the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release 355:498 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 9 9 theme parameters 1679:1688 arg1 manipulation 1642:1653 manipulation 1642:1653 manipulation of specific formulation parameters 1642:1688 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 9 10 theme protein 1529:1535 arg1 efficiencies 1545:1556 high protein loading efficiencies 1524:1556 high protein loading efficiencies 1524:1556 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 1 11 theme Chitosan-based 75:88 arg1 nano/microencapsulation 90:112 Chitosan-based nano/microencapsulation 75:112 Chitosan-based nano/microencapsulation 75:112 Chitosan-based nano/microencapsulation is under increasing investigation for the delivery of drugs, biologics and vaccines. 24560459 6 12 theme particle 1011:1018 arg1 size 1020:1023 mean particle size 1006:1023 mean particle size 1006:1023 Sonication power had minimal effect on mean particle size, however, it significantly reduced polydispersity. 24560459 2 13 theme release 322:328 arg1 kinetics 330:337 drug/protein release kinetics 309:337 drug/protein release kinetics 309:337 Despite widespread interest, the literature lacks a defined methodology to control chitosan particle size and drug/protein release kinetics. 24560459 8 14 theme particle 1381:1388 arg1 size 1390:1393 particle size 1381:1393 particle size 1381:1393 Protein release rates increased with particle size and were generally inversely related to protein molecular weight. 24560459 3 15 theme precipitation-coacervation 370:395 arg1 parameters 409:418 precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters 370:418 precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters 370:418 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 6 16 theme Sonication 967:976 arg1 power 978:982 Sonication power 967:982 Sonication power 967:982 Sonication power had minimal effect on mean particle size, however, it significantly reduced polydispersity. 24560459 9 17 theme well-defined 1581:1592 arg1 sizes 1594:1598 well-defined sizes 1581:1598 well-defined sizes 1581:1598 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 2 18 theme drug/protein 309:320 arg1 kinetics 330:337 drug/protein release kinetics 309:337 drug/protein release kinetics 309:337 Despite widespread interest, the literature lacks a defined methodology to control chitosan particle size and drug/protein release kinetics. 24560459 6 19 contain had 984:986 arg1 power 978:982 Sonication power 967:982 Sonication power 967:982 Sonication power had minimal effect on mean particle size, however, it significantly reduced polydispersity. 24560459 6 19 contain had 984:986 arg2 effect 996:1001 minimal effect 988:1001 minimal effect 988:1001 Sonication power had minimal effect on mean particle size, however, it significantly reduced polydispersity. 24560459 5 20 theme aggregated 930:939 arg1 particles 941:949 aggregated particles 930:949 aggregated particles with high PDIs 930:964 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 3 21 theme formulation 397:407 arg1 parameters 409:418 precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters 370:418 precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters 370:418 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 5 22 contain containing 805:814 arg1 salts 799:803 upper Hofmeister series salts 775:803 upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) 775:896 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 5 22 contain containing 805:814 arg2 anions 834:839 strongly hydrated anions 816:839 strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) 816:896 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 7 23 dep concentration 1296:1308 arg1 the 1292:1294 the 1292:1294 the 1292:1294 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 8 24 theme protein 1435:1441 arg1 weight 1453:1458 protein molecular weight 1435:1458 protein molecular weight 1435:1458 Protein release rates increased with particle size and were generally inversely related to protein molecular weight. 24560459 5 25 with formation 760:768 arg1 salts 799:803 upper Hofmeister series salts 775:803 upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) 775:896 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 0 26 theme chitosan-based 12:25 arg1 encapsulation 27:39 chitosan-based encapsulation 12:39 chitosan-based encapsulation 12:39 Controlling chitosan-based encapsulation for protein and vaccine delivery. 24560459 4 27 dep concentration 606:618 arg1 rate 660:663 rate 660:663 rate 660:663 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24560459 7 28 theme 99.2 1165:1168 arg1 % 1160:1160 % 1160:1160 % 1160:1160 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 7 29 theme chitosan 1334:1341 arg1 concentration 1296:1308 concentration 1296:1308 concentration 1296:1308 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 7 29 theme chitosan 1334:1341 arg1 weight 1324:1329 molecular weight 1314:1329 molecular weight 1314:1329 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 9 30 theme specific 1658:1665 arg1 parameters 1679:1688 specific formulation parameters 1658:1688 specific formulation parameters 1658:1688 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 7 31 theme protein 1243:1249 arg1 weight 1261:1266 protein molecular weight 1243:1266 protein molecular weight 1243:1266 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 7 31 theme protein 1243:1249 arg1 strength 1212:1219 the hydration strength 1198:1219 the hydration strength of precipitant salts 1198:1240 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 3 32 theme protein 484:490 arg1 release 492:498 protein release 484:498 protein release 484:498 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 7 33 theme molecular 1251:1259 arg1 weight 1261:1266 protein molecular weight 1243:1266 protein molecular weight 1243:1266 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 7 33 theme molecular 1251:1259 arg1 strength 1212:1219 the hydration strength 1198:1219 the hydration strength of precipitant salts 1198:1240 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 7 34 theme precipitant 1224:1234 arg1 salts 1236:1240 precipitant salts 1224:1240 precipitant salts 1224:1240 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 5 35 theme precipitant 705:715 arg1 salt 717:720 precipitant salt 705:720 precipitant salt 705:720 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 0 36 theme vaccine 57:63 arg1 delivery 65:72 vaccine delivery 57:72 vaccine delivery 57:72 Controlling chitosan-based encapsulation for protein and vaccine delivery. 24560459 5 37 theme high 956:959 arg1 PDIs 961:964 high PDIs 956:964 high PDIs 956:964 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 3 38 theme chitosan 423:430 arg1 size 441:444 chitosan particle size 423:444 chitosan particle size 423:444 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 9 39 with nano/microparticles 1499:1517 arg1 efficiencies 1545:1556 high protein loading efficiencies 1524:1556 high protein loading efficiencies 1524:1556 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 5 40 theme weaker 904:909 arg1 anions 911:916 weaker anions 904:916 weaker anions 904:916 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 3 41 theme particle 432:439 arg1 size 441:444 chitosan particle size 423:444 chitosan particle size 423:444 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 4 42 theme molecular 630:638 arg1 weight 640:645 chitosan molecular weight 621:645 chitosan molecular weight 621:645 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24560459 5 43 theme upper 775:779 arg1 series 792:797 upper Hofmeister series 775:797 upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) 775:896 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 4 44 theme Chitosan 519:526 arg1 sizes 537:541 Chitosan particle sizes 519:541 Chitosan particle sizes 519:541 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24560459 9 45 theme formulation 1667:1677 arg1 parameters 1679:1688 specific formulation parameters 1658:1688 specific formulation parameters 1658:1688 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 9 46 theme loading 1537:1543 arg1 efficiencies 1545:1556 high protein loading efficiencies 1524:1556 high protein loading efficiencies 1524:1556 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 7 47 from efficiencies 1092:1103 arg1 nano/microparticles 1117:1135 chitosan nano/microparticles 1108:1135 chitosan nano/microparticles 1108:1135 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 4 48 theme chitosan 621:628 arg1 weight 640:645 chitosan molecular weight 621:645 chitosan molecular weight 621:645 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24560459 5 49 theme Hofmeister 781:790 arg1 series 792:797 upper Hofmeister series 775:797 upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) 775:896 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 2 50 theme widespread 207:216 arg1 interest 218:225 widespread interest 207:225 widespread interest 207:225 Despite widespread interest, the literature lacks a defined methodology to control chitosan particle size and drug/protein release kinetics. 24560459 7 51 theme hydration 1202:1210 arg1 weight 1261:1266 protein molecular weight 1243:1266 protein molecular weight 1243:1266 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 7 51 theme hydration 1202:1210 arg1 strength 1212:1219 the hydration strength 1198:1219 the hydration strength of precipitant salts 1198:1240 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 5 52 theme low 867:869 arg1 PDI 893:895 PDI 893:895 PDI 893:895 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 5 52 theme low 867:869 arg1 index 886:890 a low polydispersity index 865:890 a low polydispersity index (PDI) 865:896 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 5 53 theme series 792:797 arg1 salts 799:803 upper Hofmeister series salts 775:803 upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) 775:896 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 7 54 theme salts 1236:1240 arg1 weight 1261:1266 protein molecular weight 1243:1266 protein molecular weight 1243:1266 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 7 54 theme salts 1236:1240 arg1 strength 1212:1219 the hydration strength 1198:1219 the hydration strength of precipitant salts 1198:1240 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 5 55 theme hydrated 825:832 arg1 anions 834:839 strongly hydrated anions 816:839 strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) 816:896 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 3 56 theme protein 447:453 arg1 efficiency 469:478 protein encapsulation efficiency 447:478 protein encapsulation efficiency 447:478 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 4 57 dep 3 μm 572:575 arg1 to 569:570 to 569:570 to 569:570 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24560459 8 58 theme Protein 1344:1350 arg1 rates 1360:1364 Protein release rates 1344:1364 Protein release rates 1344:1364 Protein release rates increased with particle size and were generally inversely related to protein molecular weight. 24560459 4 59 theme particle 528:535 arg1 sizes 537:541 Chitosan particle sizes 519:541 Chitosan particle sizes 519:541 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24560459 2 60 theme defined 251:257 arg1 methodology 259:269 a defined methodology 249:269 a defined methodology to control chitosan particle size and drug/protein release kinetics 249:337 Despite widespread interest, the literature lacks a defined methodology to control chitosan particle size and drug/protein release kinetics. 24560459 7 61 theme chitosan 1108:1115 arg1 nano/microparticles 1117:1135 chitosan nano/microparticles 1108:1135 chitosan nano/microparticles 1108:1135 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 7 62 theme 14.3 1156:1159 arg1 % 1160:1160 % 1160:1160 % 1160:1160 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 3 63 theme encapsulation 455:467 arg1 efficiency 469:478 protein encapsulation efficiency 447:478 protein encapsulation efficiency 447:478 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 4 64 theme chitosan 597:604 arg1 concentration 606:618 chitosan concentration 597:618 chitosan concentration 597:618 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24560459 7 65 theme loading 1084:1090 arg1 efficiencies 1092:1103 Protein loading efficiencies 1076:1103 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, 1076:1170 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 9 66 theme release 1617:1623 arg1 kinetics 1625:1632 controllable release kinetics 1604:1632 controllable release kinetics 1604:1632 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 6 67 theme mean 1006:1009 arg1 size 1020:1023 mean particle size 1006:1023 mean particle size 1006:1023 Sonication power had minimal effect on mean particle size, however, it significantly reduced polydispersity. 24560459 5 68 theme particle 751:758 arg1 formation 760:768 particle formation 751:768 particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) 751:896 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 4 69 theme precipitant 668:678 arg1 salt 680:683 precipitant salt 668:683 precipitant salt 668:683 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24560459 5 70 with particles 941:949 arg1 PDIs 961:964 high PDIs 956:964 high PDIs 956:964 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 3 71 from effects 359:365 arg1 size 441:444 chitosan particle size 423:444 chitosan particle size 423:444 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 3 71 from effects 359:365 arg1 efficiency 469:478 protein encapsulation efficiency 447:478 protein encapsulation efficiency 447:478 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 3 71 from effects 359:365 arg1 release 492:498 protein release 484:498 protein release 484:498 In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. 24560459 2 72 theme particle 291:298 arg1 size 300:303 chitosan particle size 282:303 chitosan particle size 282:303 Despite widespread interest, the literature lacks a defined methodology to control chitosan particle size and drug/protein release kinetics. 24560459 9 73 theme chitosan 1490:1497 arg1 nano/microparticles 1499:1517 chitosan nano/microparticles 1490:1517 chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies 1490:1556 This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters. 24560459 1 74 theme drugs 168:172 arg1 delivery 156:163 the delivery 152:163 the delivery of drugs, biologics and vaccines 152:196 Chitosan-based nano/microencapsulation is under increasing investigation for the delivery of drugs, biologics and vaccines. 24560459 8 75 theme release 1352:1358 arg1 rates 1360:1364 Protein release rates 1344:1364 Protein release rates 1344:1364 Protein release rates increased with particle size and were generally inversely related to protein molecular weight. 24560459 2 76 theme chitosan 282:289 arg1 size 300:303 chitosan particle size 282:303 chitosan particle size 282:303 Despite widespread interest, the literature lacks a defined methodology to control chitosan particle size and drug/protein release kinetics. 24560459 7 77 theme Protein 1076:1082 arg1 efficiencies 1092:1103 Protein loading efficiencies 1076:1103 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, 1076:1170 Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. 24560459 5 78 theme significant 731:741 arg1 role 743:746 a significant role 729:746 a significant role 729:746 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 5 79 theme polydispersity 871:884 arg1 PDI 893:895 PDI 893:895 PDI 893:895 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 5 79 theme polydispersity 871:884 arg1 index 886:890 a low polydispersity index 865:890 a low polydispersity index (PDI) 865:896 The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. 24560459 1 80 theme biologics 175:183 arg1 delivery 156:163 the delivery 152:163 the delivery of drugs, biologics and vaccines 152:196 Chitosan-based nano/microencapsulation is under increasing investigation for the delivery of drugs, biologics and vaccines. 24560459 4 81 theme salt 680:683 arg1 addition 651:658 addition 651:658 addition 651:658 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24560459 4 81 theme salt 680:683 arg1 weight 640:645 chitosan molecular weight 621:645 chitosan molecular weight 621:645 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24560459 4 81 theme salt 680:683 arg1 concentration 606:618 chitosan concentration 597:618 chitosan concentration 597:618 Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. 24478214 6 0 theme cellular 1035:1042 arg1 profiles 1056:1063 cellular polar lipid profiles 1035:1063 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles 961:1063 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 1 theme phenotypic 910:919 arg1 characteristics 921:935 other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics 885:935 other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) 885:1102 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 1 theme phenotypic 910:919 arg1 rRNA 836:839 16S rRNA 832:839 16S rRNA 832:839 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 9 2 theme =DSM 1327:1330 arg1 7945T 1343:1347 =DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T 1327:1347 =DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T 1327:1347 The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T). 24478214 9 2 theme =DSM 1327:1330 arg1 MYMRS/TLU1T 1314:1324 MYMRS/TLU1T 1314:1324 MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T) 1314:1348 The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T). 24478214 6 3 dep 32A 970:972 arg1 profiles 1056:1063 cellular polar lipid profiles 1035:1063 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles 961:1063 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 3 dep 32A 970:972 arg1 profiles 1025:1032 cellular fatty acid profiles 1005:1032 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles 961:1063 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 3 4 theme 16S 276:278 arg1 sequences 290:298 All 16S rRNA gene sequences 272:298 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates 272:316 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 2 5 theme regular 93:99 arg1 rods 138:141 regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods 93:141 regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods 93:141 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 8 6 theme new 1281:1283 arg1 isolates 1285:1292 new isolates 1281:1292 new isolates 1281:1292 nov. is proposed to accommodate this group of new isolates. 24478214 2 7 dep mice 251:254 arg1 musculus 261:268 Mus musculus 257:268 Mus musculus 257:268 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 5 8 theme gene 774:777 arg1 similarities 788:799 gene sequence similarities 774:799 gene sequence similarities 774:799 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. 24478214 3 9 dep ATCC 414:417 arg1 % 431:431 97.3% 427:431 97.3% 427:431 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 3 9 dep ATCC 414:417 arg1 % 441:441 97.2% 437:441 97.2% 437:441 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 5 10 theme johnsonii 588:596 arg1 strains 559:565 Type strains 554:565 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii 554:596 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. 24478214 1 11 theme digestive 43:51 arg1 tract 53:57 the digestive tract 39:57 the digestive tract of wild rodents 39:73 nov., from the digestive tract of wild rodents. 24478214 1 12 from tract 53:57 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., from the digestive tract of wild rodents. 24478214 4 13 theme gene 526:529 arg1 similarities 540:551 rRNA gene sequence similarities 521:551 rRNA gene sequence similarities 521:551 The novel strains shared 99.2-99.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. 24478214 3 14 theme isolates 309:316 arg1 sequences 290:298 All 16S rRNA gene sequences 272:298 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates 272:316 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 2 15 theme rods 138:141 arg1 strains 82:88 Three strains 76:88 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods 76:141 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 3 16 dep % 431:431 arg1 similarities 452:463 sequence similarities 443:463 sequence similarities 443:463 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 2 17 theme mice 251:254 arg1 tract 237:241 the digestive tract 223:241 the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus) 223:269 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 4 18 theme rRNA 521:524 arg1 similarities 540:551 rRNA gene sequence similarities 521:551 rRNA gene sequence similarities 521:551 The novel strains shared 99.2-99.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. 24478214 2 19 theme bacterial 128:136 arg1 rods 138:141 regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods 93:141 regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods 93:141 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 5 20 theme Type 554:557 arg1 strains 559:565 Type strains 554:565 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii 554:596 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. 24478214 2 21 theme wild 246:249 arg1 mice 251:254 wild mice 246:254 wild mice (Mus musculus) 246:269 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 6 22 theme other 885:889 arg1 characteristics 921:935 other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics 885:935 other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) 885:1102 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 22 theme other 885:889 arg1 rRNA 836:839 16S rRNA 832:839 16S rRNA 832:839 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 23 theme 16S 832:834 arg1 characteristics 921:935 other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics 885:935 other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) 885:1102 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 23 theme 16S 832:834 arg1 sequences 874:882 rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences 849:882 sequences 874:882 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 23 theme 16S 832:834 arg1 hsp60 842:846 hsp60 842:846 hsp60 842:846 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 23 theme 16S 832:834 arg1 rRNA 836:839 16S rRNA 832:839 16S rRNA 832:839 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 24 theme lipid 1050:1054 arg1 profiles 1056:1063 cellular polar lipid profiles 1035:1063 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles 961:1063 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 1 25 theme wild 62:65 arg1 rodents 67:73 wild rodents 62:73 wild rodents 62:73 nov., from the digestive tract of wild rodents. 24478214 3 26 theme Lactobacillus 390:402 arg1 ATCC 414:417 Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T 390:424 Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively) 390:478 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 0 27 theme rodentium 14:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Lactobacillus rodentium sp 0:25 Lactobacillus rodentium sp. 0:26 Lactobacillus rodentium sp. 24478214 6 28 theme ID 967:968 arg1 32A 970:972 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests 961:1002 32A 970:972 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 29 theme polar 1044:1048 arg1 profiles 1056:1063 cellular polar lipid profiles 1035:1063 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles 961:1063 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 1 30 theme rodents 67:73 arg1 tract 53:57 the digestive tract 39:57 the digestive tract of wild rodents 39:73 nov., from the digestive tract of wild rodents. 24478214 3 31 theme ATCC 374:377 arg1 sequences 339:347 sequences 339:347 sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively) 339:478 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 0 32 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 24:25 Lactobacillus rodentium sp 0:25 Lactobacillus rodentium sp. 0:26 Lactobacillus rodentium sp. 24478214 5 33 theme gasseri 573:579 arg1 strains 559:565 Type strains 554:565 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii 554:596 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. 24478214 8 34 theme isolates 1285:1292 arg1 group 1272:1276 this group 1267:1276 this group of new isolates 1267:1292 nov. is proposed to accommodate this group of new isolates. 24478214 8 34 theme isolates 1285:1292 arg1 isolates 1285:1292 new isolates 1281:1292 new isolates 1281:1292 nov. is proposed to accommodate this group of new isolates. 24478214 5 35 theme sequence 779:786 arg1 similarities 788:799 gene sequence similarities 774:799 gene sequence similarities 774:799 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. 24478214 4 36 theme novel 485:489 arg1 strains 491:497 The novel strains 481:497 The novel strains 481:497 The novel strains shared 99.2-99.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. 24478214 6 37 dep characteristics 921:935 arg1 results 938:944 results 938:944 results of API 50 CHL 938:958 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 38 theme Rapid 961:965 arg1 32A 970:972 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests 961:1002 32A 970:972 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 39 theme ZYM 982:984 arg1 tests 998:1002 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests 961:1002 tests 998:1002 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 40 theme bacterial 1122:1130 arg1 strains 1132:1138 these bacterial strains 1116:1138 these bacterial strains 1116:1138 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 2 41 theme TPY 163:165 arg1 agar 186:189 TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar 163:189 TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar 163:189 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 3 42 theme sequence 443:450 arg1 similarities 452:463 sequence similarities 443:463 sequence similarities 443:463 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 2 43 from tract 237:241 arg1 conditions 207:216 anaerobic conditions 197:216 anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus) 197:269 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 6 44 theme gene 869:872 arg1 sequences 874:882 rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences 849:882 sequences 874:882 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 44 theme gene 869:872 arg1 rRNA 836:839 16S rRNA 832:839 16S rRNA 832:839 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 3 45 theme Lactobacillus 352:364 arg1 ATCC 374:377 Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T 352:384 Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T 352:384 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 6 46 theme Phylogenetic 802:813 arg1 studies 815:821 Phylogenetic studies 802:821 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) 802:1102 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 5 47 theme isolated 634:641 arg1 strains 643:649 the newly isolated strains 624:649 the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities 624:799 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. 24478214 6 48 theme pheS 864:867 arg1 sequences 874:882 rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences 849:882 sequences 874:882 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 48 theme pheS 864:867 arg1 rRNA 836:839 16S rRNA 832:839 16S rRNA 832:839 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 3 49 theme johnsonii 404:412 arg1 ATCC 414:417 Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T 390:424 Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively) 390:478 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 3 50 theme gasseri 366:372 arg1 ATCC 374:377 Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T 352:384 Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T 352:384 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 2 51 dep regular 93:99 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 108:126 Gram-stain-positive 108:126 Gram-stain-positive 108:126 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 2 51 dep regular 93:99 arg1 long 102:105 long 102:105 long 102:105 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 2 52 theme anaerobic 197:205 arg1 conditions 207:216 anaerobic conditions 197:216 anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus) 197:269 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 6 53 dep results 938:944 arg1 products 1070:1077 end products 1066:1077 end products of glucose fermentation 1066:1101 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 53 dep results 938:944 arg1 tests 998:1002 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests 961:1002 tests 998:1002 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 53 dep results 938:944 arg1 32A 970:972 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests 961:1002 32A 970:972 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 3 54 theme ATCC 414:417 arg1 sequences 339:347 sequences 339:347 sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively) 339:478 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 5 55 dep rpoA 664:667 arg1 similarities 788:799 gene sequence similarities 774:799 gene sequence similarities 774:799 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. 24478214 5 56 theme % 679:679 arg1 rpoA 664:667 rpoA 664:667 rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities) 664:693 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. 24478214 5 56 theme % 679:679 arg1 similarities 681:692 83.9-84.0% similarities 670:692 83.9-84.0% similarities 670:692 Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. 24478214 6 57 theme acid 1020:1023 arg1 profiles 1025:1032 cellular fatty acid profiles 1005:1032 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles 961:1063 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 7 58 theme name 1202:1205 arg1 sp 1231:1232 The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp 1198:1232 The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. 1198:1233 The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. 24478214 6 59 theme API 978:980 arg1 tests 998:1002 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests 961:1002 tests 998:1002 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 2 60 theme Rogosa 179:184 arg1 agar 186:189 TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar 163:189 TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar 163:189 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 6 61 theme fatty 1014:1018 arg1 profiles 1025:1032 cellular fatty acid profiles 1005:1032 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles 961:1063 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 62 theme API 949:951 arg1 CHL 956:958 API 50 CHL 949:958 API 50 CHL 949:958 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 63 theme fermentation 1090:1101 arg1 products 1070:1077 end products 1066:1077 end products of glucose fermentation 1066:1101 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 64 theme cellular 1005:1012 arg1 profiles 1025:1032 cellular fatty acid profiles 1005:1032 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles 961:1063 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 7 65 theme rodentium 1221:1229 arg1 sp 1231:1232 The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp 1198:1232 The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. 1198:1233 The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. 24478214 6 66 theme atpA 855:858 arg1 sequences 874:882 rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences 849:882 sequences 874:882 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 66 theme atpA 855:858 arg1 rRNA 836:839 16S rRNA 832:839 16S rRNA 832:839 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 67 theme glucose 1082:1088 arg1 fermentation 1090:1101 glucose fermentation 1082:1101 glucose fermentation 1082:1101 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 2 68 theme M.R.S. 168:173 arg1 agar 186:189 TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar 163:189 TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar 163:189 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 2 69 theme digestive 227:235 arg1 tract 237:241 the digestive tract 223:241 the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus) 223:269 Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). 24478214 7 70 theme Lactobacillus 1207:1219 arg1 sp 1231:1232 The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp 1198:1232 The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. 1198:1233 The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. 24478214 9 71 theme type 1299:1302 arg1 MYMRS/TLU1T 1314:1324 MYMRS/TLU1T 1314:1324 MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T) 1314:1348 The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T). 24478214 9 71 theme type 1299:1302 arg1 strain 1304:1309 The type strain 1295:1309 The type strain 1295:1309 The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T). 24478214 4 72 theme sequence 531:538 arg1 similarities 540:551 rRNA gene sequence similarities 521:551 rRNA gene sequence similarities 521:551 The novel strains shared 99.2-99.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. 24478214 3 73 theme rRNA 280:283 arg1 sequences 290:298 All 16S rRNA gene sequences 272:298 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates 272:316 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 6 74 theme genus 1177:1181 arg1 Lactobacillus 1183:1195 the genus Lactobacillus 1173:1195 the genus Lactobacillus 1173:1195 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 75 theme genotypic 891:899 arg1 characteristics 921:935 other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics 885:935 other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) 885:1102 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 75 theme genotypic 891:899 arg1 rRNA 836:839 16S rRNA 832:839 16S rRNA 832:839 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 76 theme rpoA 849:852 arg1 sequences 874:882 rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences 849:882 sequences 874:882 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 76 theme rpoA 849:852 arg1 rRNA 836:839 16S rRNA 832:839 16S rRNA 832:839 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 3 77 theme gene 285:288 arg1 sequences 290:298 All 16S rRNA gene sequences 272:298 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates 272:316 All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). 24478214 6 78 theme CHL 956:958 arg1 results 938:944 results 938:944 results of API 50 CHL 938:958 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 79 theme biochemical 986:996 arg1 tests 998:1002 Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests 961:1002 tests 998:1002 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 9 80 theme 24759T=CCM 1332:1341 arg1 7945T 1343:1347 =DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T 1327:1347 =DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T 1327:1347 The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T). 24478214 9 80 theme 24759T=CCM 1332:1341 arg1 MYMRS/TLU1T 1314:1324 MYMRS/TLU1T 1314:1324 MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T) 1314:1348 The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T). 24478214 6 81 theme end 1066:1068 arg1 products 1070:1077 end products 1066:1077 end products of glucose fermentation 1066:1101 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 24478214 6 82 theme novel 1152:1156 arg1 species 1158:1164 a novel species 1150:1164 a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus 1150:1195 Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. 26997097 6 0 theme calcium 892:898 arg1 chloride 900:907 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride 882:907 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride 882:907 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 3 1 theme greatest 225:232 arg1 hurdle 234:239 The greatest hurdle 221:239 The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits 221:287 BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. 26997097 3 1 theme greatest 225:232 arg1 related 292:298 related 292:298 related 292:298 BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. 26997097 6 2 theme IU 810:811 arg1 NI 825:826 NI 825:826 NI 825:826 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 2 theme IU 810:811 arg1 nisin 818:822 500 IU mL-1 nisin 806:822 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) 806:827 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 3 theme citric 866:871 arg1 coating 781:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 3 theme citric 866:871 arg1 acid 873:876 10 g kg-1 citric acid 856:876 10 g kg-1 citric acid 856:876 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 8 4 dep RESULTS 1292:1298 arg1 reduced 1359:1365 reduced 1359:1365 reduced the CO2 emission and O2 consumption in the package 1359:1416 RESULTS Coating application combined with active MAP significantly reduced the CO2 emission and O2 consumption in the package. 26997097 6 5 theme pectin 774:779 arg1 coating 781:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 5 theme pectin 774:779 arg1 acid 873:876 10 g kg-1 citric acid 856:876 10 g kg-1 citric acid 856:876 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 5 theme pectin 774:779 arg1 agents 938:943 anti-browning and firming agents 912:943 anti-browning and firming agents 912:943 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 5 theme pectin 774:779 arg1 agent 846:850 antimicrobial agent 832:850 antimicrobial agent 832:850 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 3 6 theme fruits 282:287 arg1 marketing 259:267 marketing 259:267 marketing 259:267 BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. 26997097 5 7 theme Listeria 685:692 arg1 monocytogenes 694:706 Listeria monocytogenes 685:706 Listeria monocytogenes 685:706 The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh-cut fruit was also assessed. 26997097 12 8 theme Chemical 1856:1863 arg1 Industry 1865:1872 Chemical Industry 1856:1872 Chemical Industry 1856:1872 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. 26997097 8 9 theme CO2 1371:1373 arg1 emission 1375:1382 the CO2 emission 1367:1382 the CO2 emission 1367:1382 RESULTS Coating application combined with active MAP significantly reduced the CO2 emission and O2 consumption in the package. 26997097 11 10 theme sensory 1749:1755 arg1 quality 1777:1783 the sensory and microbiological quality 1745:1783 the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage 1745:1835 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 0 11 theme persimmon 156:164 arg1 quality 114:120 quality 114:120 quality 114:120 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 0 11 theme persimmon 156:164 arg1 safety 136:141 microbial safety 126:141 microbial safety 126:141 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 4 12 theme study 410:414 arg1 aim 398:400 The aim 394:400 The aim of this study 394:414 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 11 13 theme active 1680:1685 arg1 MAP 1687:1689 active MAP 1680:1689 active MAP 1680:1689 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 5 14 theme enteritidis 669:679 arg1 survival 628:635 The survival 624:635 The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh-cut fruit 624:749 The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh-cut fruit was also assessed. 26997097 3 15 theme enzymatic 334:342 arg1 browning 344:351 enzymatic browning 334:351 enzymatic browning 334:351 BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. 26997097 7 16 theme slices 1255:1260 arg1 flavour 1234:1240 overall sensory flavour 1218:1240 overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices 1218:1260 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 11 17 theme coating 1668:1674 arg1 treatment 1723:1731 the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage 1704:1835 the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage 1704:1835 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 11 17 theme coating 1668:1674 arg1 combination 1629:1639 The combination 1625:1639 The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP 1625:1689 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 0 18 theme modified 68:75 arg1 packaging 88:96 active modified atmosphere packaging 61:96 active modified atmosphere packaging 61:96 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 7 19 theme Persimmon 960:968 arg1 slices 970:975 Persimmon slices 960:975 Persimmon slices 960:975 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 4 20 theme low 478:480 arg1 atmosphere 498:507 low oxygen modified atmosphere 478:507 low oxygen modified atmosphere 478:507 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 0 21 theme packaging 88:96 arg1 Integration 0:10 Integration 0:10 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging 0:96 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 4 22 theme modified 489:496 arg1 atmosphere 498:507 low oxygen modified atmosphere 478:507 low oxygen modified atmosphere 478:507 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 0 23 dep quality 114:120 arg1 the 110:112 the 110:112 the 110:112 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 4 24 theme pectin-based 446:457 arg1 coating 466:472 a pectin-based edible coating 444:472 a pectin-based edible coating 444:472 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 7 25 theme Microbial 1109:1117 arg1 growth 1119:1124 5 °C. Microbial growth 1103:1124 5 °C. Microbial growth 1103:1124 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 0 26 dep preserve 101:108 arg1 Thunb 182:186 Thunb 182:186 Thunb 182:186 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 7 27 theme persimmon 1245:1253 arg1 slices 1255:1260 persimmon slices 1245:1260 persimmon slices 1245:1260 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 4 28 theme coating 466:472 arg1 efficacy 432:439 the efficacy 428:439 the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon 428:621 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 10 29 theme coli 1571:1574 arg1 populations 1553:1563 the populations 1549:1563 the populations of E. coli, S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes 1549:1611 Coating also reduced the populations of E. coli, S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes. 26997097 8 30 theme Coating 1300:1306 arg1 application 1308:1318 Coating application 1300:1318 Coating application combined with active MAP 1300:1343 RESULTS Coating application combined with active MAP significantly reduced the CO2 emission and O2 consumption in the package. 26997097 10 31 theme monocytogenes 1599:1611 arg1 populations 1553:1563 the populations 1549:1563 the populations of E. coli, S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes 1549:1611 Coating also reduced the populations of E. coli, S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes. 26997097 0 32 theme antimicrobial 15:27 arg1 coating 49:55 antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating 15:55 antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating 15:55 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 9 33 theme aerobic 1510:1516 arg1 bacteria 1518:1525 mesophilic aerobic bacteria 1499:1525 mesophilic aerobic bacteria 1499:1525 The coating was effective in reducing browning and also inhibited the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria. 26997097 7 34 theme overall 1218:1224 arg1 flavour 1234:1240 overall sensory flavour 1218:1240 overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices 1218:1260 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 4 35 theme enzymatic 536:544 arg1 browning 546:553 enzymatic browning 536:553 enzymatic browning 536:553 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 0 36 theme edible 42:47 arg1 coating 49:55 antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating 15:55 antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating 15:55 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 8 37 theme active 1334:1339 arg1 MAP 1341:1343 active MAP 1334:1343 active MAP 1334:1343 RESULTS Coating application combined with active MAP significantly reduced the CO2 emission and O2 consumption in the package. 26997097 11 38 theme edible 1661:1666 arg1 coating 1668:1674 the pectin-based edible coating 1644:1674 the pectin-based edible coating 1644:1674 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 11 39 theme microbiological 1761:1775 arg1 quality 1777:1783 the sensory and microbiological quality 1745:1783 the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage 1745:1835 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 7 40 theme oxidase 1181:1187 arg1 activity 1189:1196 polyphenol oxidase activity 1170:1196 polyphenol oxidase activity 1170:1196 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 40 theme oxidase 1181:1187 arg1 atmosphere 1072:1081 ambient atmosphere 1064:1081 ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth 1064:1124 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 0 41 theme active 61:66 arg1 packaging 88:96 active modified atmosphere packaging 61:96 active modified atmosphere packaging 61:96 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 7 42 theme 5 °C. 1103:1107 arg1 growth 1119:1124 5 °C. Microbial growth 1103:1124 5 °C. Microbial growth 1103:1124 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 11 43 theme slices 1798:1803 arg1 quality 1777:1783 the sensory and microbiological quality 1745:1783 the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage 1745:1835 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 6 44 theme 10 g kg-1 882:890 arg1 chloride 900:907 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride 882:907 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride 882:907 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 45 theme 500 806:808 arg1 IU 810:811 IU 810:811 IU 810:811 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 4 46 theme microbial 566:574 arg1 growth 576:581 microbial growth 566:581 microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon 566:621 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 6 47 theme 10 g kg-1 856:864 arg1 coating 781:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 47 theme 10 g kg-1 856:864 arg1 acid 873:876 10 g kg-1 citric acid 856:876 10 g kg-1 citric acid 856:876 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 3 48 dep BACKGROUND 210:219 arg1 hurdle 234:239 The greatest hurdle 221:239 The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits 221:287 BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. 26997097 3 48 dep BACKGROUND 210:219 arg1 related 292:298 related 292:298 related 292:298 BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. 26997097 7 49 theme gas 1135:1137 arg1 composition 1139:1149 package gas composition 1127:1149 package gas composition 1127:1149 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 49 theme gas 1135:1137 arg1 atmosphere 1072:1081 ambient atmosphere 1064:1081 ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth 1064:1124 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 4 50 theme Brillante 602:610 arg1 persimmon 613:621 fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon 586:621 fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon 586:621 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 11 51 theme effective 1713:1721 arg1 treatment 1723:1731 the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage 1704:1835 the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage 1704:1835 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 11 51 theme effective 1713:1721 arg1 combination 1629:1639 The combination 1625:1639 The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP 1625:1689 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 5 52 theme monocytogenes 694:706 arg1 survival 628:635 The survival 624:635 The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh-cut fruit 624:749 The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh-cut fruit was also assessed. 26997097 6 53 theme firming 930:936 arg1 coating 781:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 53 theme firming 930:936 arg1 agents 938:943 anti-browning and firming agents 912:943 anti-browning and firming agents 912:943 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 3 54 theme fresh-cut 272:280 arg1 fruits 282:287 fresh-cut fruits 272:287 fresh-cut fruits 272:287 BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. 26997097 7 55 from growth 1119:1124 arg1 colour 1152:1157 colour 1152:1157 colour 1152:1157 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 55 from growth 1119:1124 arg1 firmness 1160:1167 firmness 1160:1167 firmness 1160:1167 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 55 from growth 1119:1124 arg1 quality 1206:1212 visual quality 1199:1212 visual quality 1199:1212 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 55 from growth 1119:1124 arg1 composition 1139:1149 package gas composition 1127:1149 package gas composition 1127:1149 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 55 from growth 1119:1124 arg1 atmosphere 1072:1081 ambient atmosphere 1064:1081 ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth 1064:1124 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 55 from growth 1119:1124 arg1 activity 1189:1196 polyphenol oxidase activity 1170:1196 polyphenol oxidase activity 1170:1196 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 4 56 theme persimmon 613:621 arg1 growth 576:581 microbial growth 566:581 microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon 566:621 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 5 57 theme coli 652:655 arg1 survival 628:635 The survival 624:635 The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh-cut fruit 624:749 The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh-cut fruit was also assessed. 26997097 6 58 theme anti-browning 912:924 arg1 coating 781:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 58 theme anti-browning 912:924 arg1 agents 938:943 anti-browning and firming agents 912:943 anti-browning and firming agents 912:943 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 3 59 theme higher 309:314 arg1 susceptibility 316:329 their higher susceptibility 303:329 their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth 303:391 BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. 26997097 11 60 theme MAP 1687:1689 arg1 treatment 1723:1731 the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage 1704:1835 the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage 1704:1835 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 11 60 theme MAP 1687:1689 arg1 combination 1629:1639 The combination 1625:1639 The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP 1625:1689 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 0 61 theme atmosphere 77:86 arg1 packaging 88:96 active modified atmosphere packaging 61:96 active modified atmosphere packaging 61:96 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 4 62 theme oxygen 482:487 arg1 atmosphere 498:507 low oxygen modified atmosphere 478:507 low oxygen modified atmosphere 478:507 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 7 63 theme package 1127:1133 arg1 composition 1139:1149 package gas composition 1127:1149 package gas composition 1127:1149 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 63 theme package 1127:1133 arg1 atmosphere 1072:1081 ambient atmosphere 1064:1081 ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth 1064:1124 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 0 64 theme microbial 126:134 arg1 safety 136:141 microbial safety 126:141 microbial safety 126:141 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 4 65 theme atmosphere 498:507 arg1 efficacy 432:439 the efficacy 428:439 the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon 428:621 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 7 66 dep 9 1093:1093 arg1 to 1090:1091 to 1090:1091 to 1090:1091 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 4 67 theme edible 459:464 arg1 coating 466:472 a pectin-based edible coating 444:472 a pectin-based edible coating 444:472 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 5 68 theme fresh-cut 735:743 arg1 fruit 745:749 fresh-cut fruit 735:749 fresh-cut fruit 735:749 The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh-cut fruit was also assessed. 26997097 3 69 theme tissue 354:359 arg1 softening 361:369 tissue softening 354:369 tissue softening 354:369 BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. 26997097 11 70 theme storage 1829:1835 arg1 days 1821:1824 more than 9 days 1809:1824 more than 9 days of storage 1809:1835 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 7 71 theme sensory 1226:1232 arg1 flavour 1234:1240 overall sensory flavour 1218:1240 overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices 1218:1260 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 0 72 theme fresh-cut 146:154 arg1 persimmon 156:164 fresh-cut persimmon 146:164 fresh-cut persimmon 146:164 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 0 73 theme pectin-based 29:40 arg1 coating 49:55 antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating 15:55 antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating 15:55 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 4 74 dep coating 466:472 arg1 MAP 520:522 MAP 520:522 MAP 520:522 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 4 74 dep coating 466:472 arg1 packaging 509:517 packaging 509:517 packaging (MAP) 509:523 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 9 75 theme mesophilic 1499:1508 arg1 bacteria 1518:1525 mesophilic aerobic bacteria 1499:1525 mesophilic aerobic bacteria 1499:1525 The coating was effective in reducing browning and also inhibited the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria. 26997097 3 76 theme microbial 376:384 arg1 growth 386:391 microbial growth 376:391 microbial growth 376:391 BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. 26997097 0 77 theme coating 49:55 arg1 Integration 0:10 Integration 0:10 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging 0:96 Integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 26997097 6 78 theme antimicrobial 832:844 arg1 coating 781:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating 770:787 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 78 theme antimicrobial 832:844 arg1 agent 846:850 antimicrobial agent 832:850 antimicrobial agent 832:850 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 9 79 theme bacteria 1518:1525 arg1 growth 1489:1494 the growth 1485:1494 the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria 1485:1525 The coating was effective in reducing browning and also inhibited the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria. 26997097 7 80 theme visual 1199:1204 arg1 quality 1206:1212 visual quality 1199:1212 visual quality 1199:1212 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 80 theme visual 1199:1204 arg1 atmosphere 1072:1081 ambient atmosphere 1064:1081 ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth 1064:1124 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 10 81 theme enteritidis 1580:1590 arg1 populations 1553:1563 the populations 1549:1563 the populations of E. coli, S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes 1549:1611 Coating also reduced the populations of E. coli, S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes. 26997097 7 82 theme ambient 1064:1070 arg1 colour 1152:1157 colour 1152:1157 colour 1152:1157 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 82 theme ambient 1064:1070 arg1 firmness 1160:1167 firmness 1160:1167 firmness 1160:1167 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 82 theme ambient 1064:1070 arg1 quality 1206:1212 visual quality 1199:1212 visual quality 1199:1212 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 82 theme ambient 1064:1070 arg1 composition 1139:1149 package gas composition 1127:1149 package gas composition 1127:1149 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 82 theme ambient 1064:1070 arg1 atmosphere 1072:1081 ambient atmosphere 1064:1081 ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth 1064:1124 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 82 theme ambient 1064:1070 arg1 activity 1189:1196 polyphenol oxidase activity 1170:1196 polyphenol oxidase activity 1170:1196 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 11 83 theme pectin-based 1648:1659 arg1 coating 1668:1674 the pectin-based edible coating 1644:1674 the pectin-based edible coating 1644:1674 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 11 84 theme persimmon 1788:1796 arg1 slices 1798:1803 persimmon slices 1788:1803 persimmon slices 1788:1803 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 7 85 theme polyphenol 1170:1179 arg1 activity 1189:1196 polyphenol oxidase activity 1170:1196 polyphenol oxidase activity 1170:1196 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 7 85 theme polyphenol 1170:1179 arg1 atmosphere 1072:1081 ambient atmosphere 1064:1081 ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth 1064:1124 Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. 26997097 4 86 theme fresh-cut 586:594 arg1 persimmon 613:621 fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon 586:621 fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon 586:621 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26997097 11 87 dep CONCLUSION 1614:1623 arg1 proved 1691:1696 proved 1691:1696 proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage 1691:1835 CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin-based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. 26997097 6 88 theme mL-1 813:816 arg1 NI 825:826 NI 825:826 NI 825:826 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 6 88 theme mL-1 813:816 arg1 nisin 818:822 500 IU mL-1 nisin 806:822 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) 806:827 The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL-1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg-1 citric acid and 10 g kg-1 calcium chloride as anti-browning and firming agents, respectively. 26997097 4 89 theme Rojo 597:600 arg1 persimmon 613:621 fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon 586:621 fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon 586:621 The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon. 26476895 5 0 theme 96.9  692:696 arg1 % 697:697 % 697:697 % 697:697 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 3 1 theme Strain 182:187 arg1 THG-S15-4T 189:198 Strain THG-S15-4T 182:198 Strain THG-S15-4T 182:198 Strain THG-S15-4T was Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccus-shaped and non-motile, forming white colonies. 26476895 5 2 theme strain 465:470 arg1 THG-S15-4T 472:481 strain THG-S15-4T 465:481 strain THG-S15-4T 465:481 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 10 3 theme unidentified 1167:1178 arg1 lipid 1186:1190 an unidentified polar lipid 1164:1190 an unidentified polar lipid 1164:1190 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 26476895 5 4 theme % 697:697 arg1 similarity 708:717 96.9 % sequence similarity 692:717 96.9 % sequence similarity 692:717 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 4 theme % 697:697 arg1 19899T 684:689 Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T 652:689 Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity) 652:718 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 5 theme Brachybacterium 581:595 arg1 species 568:574 the most closely related species 543:574 the most closely related species 543:574 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 5 theme Brachybacterium 581:595 arg1 KCTC 607:610 Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) 581:646 Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) 581:646 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 6 theme Brachybacterium 522:536 arg1 species 501:507 species 501:507 species of the genus Brachybacterium 501:536 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 8 7 theme isoprenoid 892:901 arg1 quinone 903:909 The major isoprenoid quinone 882:909 The major isoprenoid quinone detected 882:918 The major isoprenoid quinone detected was MK-7. 26476895 8 7 theme isoprenoid 892:901 arg1 MK-7 924:927 MK-7 924:927 MK-7 924:927 The major isoprenoid quinone detected was MK-7. 26476895 8 8 theme major 886:890 arg1 quinone 903:909 The major isoprenoid quinone 882:909 The major isoprenoid quinone detected 882:918 The major isoprenoid quinone detected was MK-7. 26476895 8 8 theme major 886:890 arg1 MK-7 924:927 MK-7 924:927 MK-7 924:927 The major isoprenoid quinone detected was MK-7. 26476895 5 9 theme rhamnosum 597:605 arg1 species 568:574 the most closely related species 543:574 the most closely related species 543:574 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 9 theme rhamnosum 597:605 arg1 KCTC 607:610 Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) 581:646 Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) 581:646 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 15 10 theme AB 1656:1657 arg1 2015116T 1659:1666  = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T 1633:1666  = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T 1633:1666 The type strain is THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T). 26476895 15 10 theme AB 1656:1657 arg1 THG-S15-4T 1621:1630 THG-S15-4T 1621:1630 THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T) 1621:1667 The type strain is THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T). 26476895 1 11 theme garden 46:51 arg1 soil 53:56 garden soil 46:56 garden soil 46:56 nov., isolated from garden soil. 26476895 5 12 theme Brachybacterium 652:666 arg1 similarity 708:717 96.9 % sequence similarity 692:717 96.9 % sequence similarity 692:717 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 12 theme Brachybacterium 652:666 arg1 19899T 684:689 Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T 652:689 Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity) 652:718 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 6 13 theme DNA-DNA 725:731 arg1 relatedness 733:743 The DNA-DNA relatedness 721:743 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-S15-4T and B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T 721:798 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-S15-4T and B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T was found to be below 20.0 %. 26476895 5 14 theme 16S 428:430 arg1 sequences 442:450 16S rRNA gene sequences 428:450 16S rRNA gene sequences 428:450 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 10 15 theme polar 1180:1184 arg1 lipid 1186:1190 an unidentified polar lipid 1164:1190 an unidentified polar lipid 1164:1190 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 26476895 13 16 theme novel 1524:1528 arg1 species 1530:1536 a novel species 1522:1536 a novel species 1522:1536 Therefore, it is suggested that this newly isolated organism represents a novel species, for which the name Brachybacterium horti sp. 26476895 15 17 theme  = KCTC 1633:1639 arg1 2015116T 1659:1666  = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T 1633:1666  = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T 1633:1666 The type strain is THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T). 26476895 15 17 theme  = KCTC 1633:1639 arg1 THG-S15-4T 1621:1630 THG-S15-4T 1621:1630 THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T) 1621:1667 The type strain is THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T). 26476895 13 18 theme name 1553:1556 arg1 sp 1580:1581 the name Brachybacterium horti sp 1549:1581 the name Brachybacterium horti sp 1549:1581 Therefore, it is suggested that this newly isolated organism represents a novel species, for which the name Brachybacterium horti sp. 26476895 5 19 theme rRNA 432:435 arg1 sequences 442:450 16S rRNA gene sequences 428:450 16S rRNA gene sequences 428:450 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 20 theme KCTC 679:682 arg1 similarity 708:717 96.9 % sequence similarity 692:717 96.9 % sequence similarity 692:717 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 20 theme KCTC 679:682 arg1 19899T 684:689 Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T 652:689 Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity) 652:718 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 7 21 theme G+C 838:840 arg1 content 842:848 The DNA G+C content 830:848 The DNA G+C content 830:848 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 69.5 mol%. 26476895 7 21 theme G+C 838:840 arg1 % 879:879 69.5 mol% 871:879 69.5 mol% 871:879 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 69.5 mol%. 26476895 5 22 dep KCTC 607:610 arg1 similarity 636:645 98.5 % sequence similarity 620:645 98.5 % sequence similarity 620:645 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 22 dep KCTC 607:610 arg1 T 617:617 T 617:617 Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) 581:646 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 23 theme gene 437:440 arg1 sequences 442:450 16S rRNA gene sequences 428:450 16S rRNA gene sequences 428:450 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 0 24 theme horti 16:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Brachybacterium horti sp 0:23 Brachybacterium horti sp. 0:24 Brachybacterium horti sp. 26476895 2 25 theme garden 109:114 arg1 soil 116:119 garden soil 109:119 garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea 109:179 A bacterial strain, THG-S15-4T, was isolated from garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea. 26476895 5 26 theme related 560:566 arg1 species 568:574 the most closely related species 543:574 the most closely related species 543:574 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 26 theme related 560:566 arg1 KCTC 607:610 Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) 581:646 Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) 581:646 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 7 27 theme DNA 834:836 arg1 content 842:848 The DNA G+C content 830:848 The DNA G+C content 830:848 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 69.5 mol%. 26476895 7 27 theme DNA 834:836 arg1 % 879:879 69.5 mol% 871:879 69.5 mol% 871:879 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 69.5 mol%. 26476895 12 28 theme tests 1310:1314 arg1 results 1269:1275 The results 1265:1275 The results of physiological and biochemical tests 1265:1314 The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain THG-S15-4T to be differentiated phenotypically from species of the genus Brachybacterium with validly published names. 26476895 12 29 theme published 1433:1441 arg1 names 1443:1447 validly published names 1425:1447 validly published names 1425:1447 The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain THG-S15-4T to be differentiated phenotypically from species of the genus Brachybacterium with validly published names. 26476895 0 30 theme Brachybacterium 0:14 arg1 sp 22:23 Brachybacterium horti sp 0:23 Brachybacterium horti sp. 0:24 Brachybacterium horti sp. 26476895 10 31 theme lipid 1062:1066 arg1 profile 1068:1074 The polar lipid profile 1052:1074 The polar lipid profile 1052:1074 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 26476895 15 32 theme type 1606:1609 arg1 THG-S15-4T 1621:1630 THG-S15-4T 1621:1630 THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T) 1621:1667 The type strain is THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T). 26476895 15 32 theme type 1606:1609 arg1 strain 1611:1616 The type strain 1602:1616 The type strain 1602:1616 The type strain is THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T). 26476895 6 33 theme B. 775:776 arg1 T 798:798 B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T 775:798 B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T 775:798 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-S15-4T and B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T was found to be below 20.0 %. 26476895 10 34 theme polar 1056:1060 arg1 profile 1068:1074 The polar lipid profile 1052:1074 The polar lipid profile 1052:1074 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 26476895 5 35 theme % 625:625 arg1 similarity 636:645 98.5 % sequence similarity 620:645 98.5 % sequence similarity 620:645 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 35 theme % 625:625 arg1 T 617:617 T 617:617 Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) 581:646 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 36 theme genus 516:520 arg1 Brachybacterium 522:536 the genus Brachybacterium 512:536 the genus Brachybacterium 512:536 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 12 37 theme strain 1324:1329 arg1 THG-S15-4T 1331:1340 strain THG-S15-4T 1324:1340 strain THG-S15-4T 1324:1340 The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain THG-S15-4T to be differentiated phenotypically from species of the genus Brachybacterium with validly published names. 26476895 15 38 theme 39563T = CCTCC 1641:1654 arg1 2015116T 1659:1666  = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T 1633:1666  = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T 1633:1666 The type strain is THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T). 26476895 15 38 theme 39563T = CCTCC 1641:1654 arg1 THG-S15-4T 1621:1630 THG-S15-4T 1621:1630 THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T) 1621:1667 The type strain is THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T). 26476895 12 39 theme biochemical 1298:1308 arg1 tests 1310:1314 physiological and biochemical tests 1280:1314 physiological and biochemical tests 1280:1314 The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain THG-S15-4T to be differentiated phenotypically from species of the genus Brachybacterium with validly published names. 26476895 6 40 dep B. 775:776 arg1 rhamnosum 778:786 rhamnosum 778:786 rhamnosum 778:786 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-S15-4T and B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T was found to be below 20.0 %. 26476895 5 41 theme sequence 627:634 arg1 similarity 636:645 98.5 % sequence similarity 620:645 98.5 % sequence similarity 620:645 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 41 theme sequence 627:634 arg1 T 617:617 T 617:617 Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) 581:646 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 4 42 theme NaCl 390:393 arg1 presence 364:371 the presence 360:371 the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl 360:393 The strain grew optimally at 25-37 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 26476895 9 43 theme cell-wall 1027:1035 arg1 peptidoglycan 1037:1049 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1023:1049 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1023:1049 Strain THG-S15-4T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26476895 5 44 theme sequence 699:706 arg1 similarity 708:717 96.9 % sequence similarity 692:717 96.9 % sequence similarity 692:717 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 5 44 theme sequence 699:706 arg1 19899T 684:689 Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T 652:689 Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity) 652:718 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 6 45 theme 9917 793:796 arg1 T 798:798 B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T 775:798 B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T 775:798 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-S15-4T and B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T was found to be below 20.0 %. 26476895 13 46 theme isolated 1493:1500 arg1 organism 1502:1509 this newly isolated organism 1482:1509 this newly isolated organism 1482:1509 Therefore, it is suggested that this newly isolated organism represents a novel species, for which the name Brachybacterium horti sp. 26476895 5 47 dep Brachybacterium 652:666 arg1 squillarum 668:677 squillarum 668:677 squillarum 668:677 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 3 48 dep Gram-stain-positive 204:222 arg1 coccus-shaped 250:262 coccus-shaped 250:262 coccus-shaped 250:262 Strain THG-S15-4T was Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccus-shaped and non-motile, forming white colonies. 26476895 3 48 dep Gram-stain-positive 204:222 arg1 anaerobic 239:247 anaerobic 239:247 anaerobic 239:247 Strain THG-S15-4T was Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccus-shaped and non-motile, forming white colonies. 26476895 3 48 dep Gram-stain-positive 204:222 arg1 non-motile 268:277 non-motile 268:277 non-motile 268:277 Strain THG-S15-4T was Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccus-shaped and non-motile, forming white colonies. 26476895 2 49 theme Guro-gu 136:142 arg1 district 144:151 the Guro-gu district 132:151 the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea 132:179 A bacterial strain, THG-S15-4T, was isolated from garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea. 26476895 12 50 theme physiological 1280:1292 arg1 tests 1310:1314 physiological and biochemical tests 1280:1314 physiological and biochemical tests 1280:1314 The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain THG-S15-4T to be differentiated phenotypically from species of the genus Brachybacterium with validly published names. 26476895 13 51 theme horti 1574:1578 arg1 sp 1580:1581 the name Brachybacterium horti sp 1549:1581 the name Brachybacterium horti sp 1549:1581 Therefore, it is suggested that this newly isolated organism represents a novel species, for which the name Brachybacterium horti sp. 26476895 12 52 theme Brachybacterium 1404:1418 arg1 species 1383:1389 species 1383:1389 species of the genus Brachybacterium 1383:1418 The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain THG-S15-4T to be differentiated phenotypically from species of the genus Brachybacterium with validly published names. 26476895 3 53 theme white 288:292 arg1 colonies 294:301 white colonies 288:301 white colonies 288:301 Strain THG-S15-4T was Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccus-shaped and non-motile, forming white colonies. 26476895 4 54 theme % 382:382 arg1 NaCl 390:393 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl 376:393 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl 376:393 The strain grew optimally at 25-37 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 26476895 4 55 theme 0-2.0  376:381 arg1 % 382:382 % 382:382 % 382:382 The strain grew optimally at 25-37 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 26476895 6 56 theme KCTC 788:791 arg1 T 798:798 B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T 775:798 B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T 775:798 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-S15-4T and B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T was found to be below 20.0 %. 26476895 2 57 theme bacterial 61:69 arg1 strain 71:76 A bacterial strain 59:76 A bacterial strain 59:76 A bacterial strain, THG-S15-4T, was isolated from garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea. 26476895 2 57 theme bacterial 61:69 arg1 THG-S15-4T 79:88 THG-S15-4T 79:88 THG-S15-4T 79:88 A bacterial strain, THG-S15-4T, was isolated from garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea. 26476895 11 58 theme major 1197:1201 arg1 iso-C16  1232:1239 iso-C16  1232:1239 iso-C16  1232:1239 The major fatty acids were found to be iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26476895 11 58 theme major 1197:1201 arg1 acids 1209:1213 The major fatty acids 1193:1213 The major fatty acids 1193:1213 The major fatty acids were found to be iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26476895 2 59 theme Republic 163:170 arg1 district 144:151 the Guro-gu district 132:151 the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea 132:179 A bacterial strain, THG-S15-4T, was isolated from garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea. 26476895 10 60 theme unidentified 1135:1146 arg1 glycolipids 1148:1158 unidentified glycolipids 1135:1158 unidentified glycolipids 1135:1158 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 26476895 5 61 theme 98.5  620:624 arg1 % 625:625 % 625:625 % 625:625 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 13 62 theme Brachybacterium 1558:1572 arg1 sp 1580:1581 the name Brachybacterium horti sp 1549:1581 the name Brachybacterium horti sp 1549:1581 Therefore, it is suggested that this newly isolated organism represents a novel species, for which the name Brachybacterium horti sp. 26476895 9 63 theme meso-diaminopimelic 995:1013 arg1 acid 1015:1018 meso-diaminopimelic acid 995:1018 meso-diaminopimelic acid 995:1018 Strain THG-S15-4T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26476895 6 64 theme strain 753:758 arg1 THG-S15-4T 760:769 strain THG-S15-4T 753:769 strain THG-S15-4T 753:769 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-S15-4T and B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T was found to be below 20.0 %. 26476895 2 65 attach isolated 95:102 arg2 THG-S15-4T 79:88 THG-S15-4T 79:88 THG-S15-4T 79:88 A bacterial strain, THG-S15-4T, was isolated from garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea. 26476895 2 65 attach isolated 95:102 arg1 soil 116:119 garden soil 109:119 garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea 109:179 A bacterial strain, THG-S15-4T, was isolated from garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea. 26476895 2 65 attach isolated 95:102 arg2 strain 71:76 A bacterial strain 59:76 A bacterial strain 59:76 A bacterial strain, THG-S15-4T, was isolated from garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea. 26476895 5 66 theme Phylogenetic 396:407 arg1 analysis 409:416 Phylogenetic analysis 396:416 Phylogenetic analysis 396:416 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). 26476895 4 67 dep % 382:382 arg1 w/v 385:387 w/v 385:387 w/v 385:387 The strain grew optimally at 25-37 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 26476895 12 68 theme genus 1398:1402 arg1 Brachybacterium 1404:1418 the genus Brachybacterium 1394:1418 the genus Brachybacterium 1394:1418 The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain THG-S15-4T to be differentiated phenotypically from species of the genus Brachybacterium with validly published names. 26476895 9 69 theme Strain 930:935 arg1 THG-S15-4T 937:946 Strain THG-S15-4T 930:946 Strain THG-S15-4T 930:946 Strain THG-S15-4T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26476895 7 70 theme 69.5 mol 871:878 arg1 content 842:848 The DNA G+C content 830:848 The DNA G+C content 830:848 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 69.5 mol%. 26476895 7 70 theme 69.5 mol 871:878 arg1 % 879:879 69.5 mol% 871:879 69.5 mol% 871:879 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 69.5 mol%. 26476895 11 71 theme fatty 1203:1207 arg1 iso-C16  1232:1239 iso-C16  1232:1239 iso-C16  1232:1239 The major fatty acids were found to be iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26476895 11 71 theme fatty 1203:1207 arg1 acids 1209:1213 The major fatty acids 1193:1213 The major fatty acids 1193:1213 The major fatty acids were found to be iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28903536 8 0 gly glycoprotein 1719:1730 arg1 glycoprotein 1719:1730 the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat 1691:1735 the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes 1691:1759 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 1 1 from live 247:250 arg1 spaces 276:281 the blood and tissue spaces 255:281 the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts 255:307 There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. 28903536 3 2 theme Bovinae 648:654 arg1 range 622:626 a restricted host range 604:626 a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae 604:654 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 8 3 theme second 1789:1794 arg1 mechanism 1796:1804 a second mechanism 1787:1804 a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response 1787:1934 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 5 4 theme kinetoplastid 1040:1052 arg1 structure 1061:1069 a typical kinetoplastid genome structure 1030:1069 a typical kinetoplastid genome structure 1030:1069 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 1 5 theme blood 259:263 arg1 spaces 276:281 the blood and tissue spaces 255:281 the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts 255:307 There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. 28903536 4 6 theme genome 838:843 arg1 sequence 845:852 a detailed genome sequence 827:852 a detailed genome sequence 827:852 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 1 7 theme tissue 269:274 arg1 spaces 276:281 the blood and tissue spaces 255:281 the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts 255:307 There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. 28903536 8 8 theme trypanosome 1814:1824 arg1 species 1826:1832 trypanosome species 1814:1832 trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response 1814:1934 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 6 9 theme distinct 1298:1305 arg1 surfaces 1324:1331 two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces 1294:1331 two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces 1294:1331 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 6 9 theme distinct 1298:1305 arg1 brucei 1337:1342 T. brucei 1334:1342 T. brucei 1334:1342 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 6 9 theme distinct 1298:1305 arg1 theileri 1351:1358 T. theileri 1348:1358 T. theileri 1348:1358 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 8 10 theme vertebrate 1881:1890 arg1 hosts 1892:1896 vertebrate hosts 1881:1896 vertebrate hosts 1881:1896 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 8 11 theme surface 1654:1660 arg1 composition 1662:1672 This surface composition 1649:1672 This surface composition 1649:1672 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 7 12 theme gene 1579:1582 arg1 families 1584:1591 four novel large and divergent gene families 1548:1591 four novel large and divergent gene families 1548:1591 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 2 13 theme vertebrate 522:531 arg1 system 549:554 the vertebrate adaptive immune system 518:554 the vertebrate adaptive immune system 518:554 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 8 14 from coat 1732:1735 arg1 trypanosomes 1748:1759 African trypanosomes 1740:1759 African trypanosomes 1740:1759 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 8 14 from coat 1732:1735 arg1 distinct 1677:1684 distinct 1677:1684 distinct 1677:1684 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 4 15 from expression 891:900 arg1 form 917:920 bloodstream form 905:920 bloodstream form 905:920 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 4 16 theme expression 891:900 arg1 sequence 845:852 a detailed genome sequence 827:852 a detailed genome sequence 827:852 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 4 16 theme expression 891:900 arg1 analysis 874:881 a transcriptome analysis 858:881 a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri 858:932 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 4 17 from form 917:920 arg1 sequence 845:852 a detailed genome sequence 827:852 a detailed genome sequence 827:852 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 4 17 from form 917:920 arg1 analysis 874:881 a transcriptome analysis 858:881 a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri 858:932 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 5 18 theme typical 1032:1038 arg1 structure 1061:1069 a typical kinetoplastid genome structure 1030:1069 a typical kinetoplastid genome structure 1030:1069 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 1 19 theme Trypanosoma 222:232 arg1 species 234:240 Trypanosoma species 222:240 Trypanosoma species 222:240 There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. 28903536 7 20 theme novel 1553:1557 arg1 families 1584:1591 four novel large and divergent gene families 1548:1591 four novel large and divergent gene families 1548:1591 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 2 21 theme immune 542:547 arg1 system 549:554 the vertebrate adaptive immune system 518:554 the vertebrate adaptive immune system 518:554 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 0 22 theme Parasite 154:161 arg1 theileri 190:197 the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri 132:197 the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri 132:197 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 8 23 theme uniform 1695:1701 arg1 coat 1732:1735 the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat 1691:1735 the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes 1691:1759 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 4 24 theme transcriptome 860:872 arg1 analysis 874:881 a transcriptome analysis 858:881 a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri 858:932 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 8 25 theme surface 1711:1717 arg1 coat 1732:1735 the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat 1691:1735 the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes 1691:1759 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 7 26 theme proteins 1528:1535 arg1 mixture 1517:1523 a mixture 1515:1523 a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family 1515:1646 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 0 27 theme Mammalian 56:64 arg1 Bloodstream 66:76 the Mammalian Bloodstream 52:76 the Mammalian Bloodstream 52:76 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 7 28 theme family 1641:1646 arg1 members 1600:1606 members 1600:1606 members of a major surface protease gene family 1600:1646 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 5 29 theme control 1215:1221 arg1 capable 1107:1113 capable 1107:1113 capable 1107:1113 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 8 30 theme adaptive 1911:1918 arg1 response 1927:1934 the adaptive immune response 1907:1934 the adaptive immune response 1907:1934 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 8 31 theme African 1740:1746 arg1 trypanosomes 1748:1759 African trypanosomes 1740:1759 African trypanosomes 1740:1759 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 7 32 theme protease 1627:1634 arg1 family 1641:1646 a major surface protease gene family 1611:1646 a major surface protease gene family 1611:1646 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 4 33 theme bloodstream 905:915 arg1 form 917:920 bloodstream form 905:920 bloodstream form 905:920 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 3 34 from survey 738:743 arg1 productivity 788:799 agricultural productivity 775:799 agricultural productivity 775:799 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 6 35 theme surfaces 1324:1331 arg1 comparison 1280:1289 a comparison 1278:1289 a comparison 1278:1289 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 5 36 theme genome 1054:1059 arg1 structure 1061:1069 a typical kinetoplastid genome structure 1030:1069 a typical kinetoplastid genome structure 1030:1069 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 7 37 theme major 1613:1617 arg1 family 1641:1646 a major surface protease gene family 1611:1646 a major surface protease gene family 1611:1646 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 4 38 theme T. 922:923 arg1 analysis 874:881 a transcriptome analysis 858:881 a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri 858:932 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 2 39 theme variation 380:388 arg1 system 360:365 the ornate system 349:365 the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species 349:456 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 6 40 theme trypanosome 1307:1317 arg1 surfaces 1324:1331 two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces 1294:1331 two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces 1294:1331 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 6 40 theme trypanosome 1307:1317 arg1 brucei 1337:1342 T. brucei 1334:1342 T. brucei 1334:1342 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 6 40 theme trypanosome 1307:1317 arg1 theileri 1351:1358 T. theileri 1348:1358 T. theileri 1348:1358 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 0 41 dep Genome 95:100 arg1 Analysis 120:127 Analysis 120:127 Analysis 120:127 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 1 42 theme vertebrate 292:301 arg1 hosts 303:307 their vertebrate hosts 286:307 their vertebrate hosts 286:307 There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. 28903536 5 43 theme exchange 1126:1133 arg1 capable 1107:1113 capable 1107:1113 capable 1107:1113 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 6 44 from cattle 1452:1457 arg1 maintenance 1398:1408 the maintenance 1394:1408 the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle 1394:1457 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 2 45 theme small 414:418 arg1 number 420:425 the small number 410:425 the small number of African trypanosome species 410:456 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 5 46 theme gene 1136:1139 arg1 silencing 1141:1149 gene silencing 1136:1149 gene silencing via RNA interference 1136:1170 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 3 47 from productivity 788:799 arg1 survey 738:743 no systematic survey 724:743 no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity 724:799 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 0 48 theme Trypanosome 28:38 arg1 Survival 40:47 Trypanosome Survival 28:47 Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream 28:76 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 1 49 theme hosts 303:307 arg1 spaces 276:281 the blood and tissue spaces 255:281 the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts 255:307 There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. 28903536 7 50 theme theileri 1467:1474 arg1 surface 1481:1487 The T. theileri cell surface 1460:1487 The T. theileri cell surface 1460:1487 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 5 51 theme sequence 978:985 arg1 Analysis 955:962 Analysis 955:962 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression 955:1000 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 2 52 theme trypanosome 438:448 arg1 species 450:456 African trypanosome species 430:456 African trypanosome species 430:456 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 3 53 theme restricted 606:615 arg1 range 622:626 a restricted host range 604:626 a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae 604:654 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 5 54 theme expression 991:1000 arg1 Analysis 955:962 Analysis 955:962 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression 955:1000 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 3 55 theme other 642:646 arg1 Bovinae 648:654 cattle and other Bovinae 631:654 cattle and other Bovinae 631:654 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 6 56 theme infection 1439:1447 arg1 maintenance 1398:1408 the maintenance 1394:1408 the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle 1394:1457 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 1 57 theme species 234:240 arg1 hundreds 210:217 hundreds 210:217 hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts 210:307 There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. 28903536 3 58 theme cattle 631:636 arg1 Bovinae 648:654 cattle and other Bovinae 631:654 cattle and other Bovinae 631:654 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 2 59 theme ornate 353:358 arg1 system 360:365 the ornate system 349:365 the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species 349:456 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 6 60 theme long-term 1415:1423 arg1 infection 1439:1447 a long-term extracellular infection 1413:1447 a long-term extracellular infection in cattle 1413:1457 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 0 61 theme theileri 190:197 arg1 Transcriptome 106:118 Transcriptome 106:118 Transcriptome 106:118 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 0 61 theme theileri 190:197 arg1 Genome 95:100 Genome 95:100 Genome 95:100 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 4 62 theme detailed 829:836 arg1 sequence 845:852 a detailed genome sequence 827:852 a detailed genome sequence 827:852 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 2 63 theme African 430:436 arg1 species 450:456 African trypanosome species 430:456 African trypanosome species 430:456 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 1 64 from spaces 276:281 arg1 live 247:250 live 247:250 live 247:250 There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. 28903536 2 65 theme vast 314:317 arg1 majority 319:326 The vast majority 310:326 The vast majority of these 310:335 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 7 66 theme divergent 1569:1577 arg1 families 1584:1591 four novel large and divergent gene families 1548:1591 four novel large and divergent gene families 1548:1591 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 4 67 dep T. 922:923 arg1 theileri 925:932 theileri 925:932 theileri 925:932 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 6 68 from infection 1439:1447 arg1 cattle 1452:1457 cattle 1452:1457 cattle 1452:1457 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 7 69 theme large 1559:1563 arg1 families 1584:1591 four novel large and divergent gene families 1548:1591 four novel large and divergent gene families 1548:1591 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 1 70 dep live 247:250 arg1 hundreds 210:217 hundreds 210:217 hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts 210:307 There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. 28903536 3 71 theme patent 700:705 arg1 disease 707:713 patent disease 700:713 patent disease 700:713 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 0 72 theme Bovine 147:152 arg1 theileri 190:197 the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri 132:197 the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri 132:197 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 6 73 theme transcriptome 1243:1255 arg1 analysis 1257:1264 the transcriptome analysis 1239:1264 the transcriptome analysis 1239:1264 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 4 74 theme gene 886:889 arg1 expression 891:900 gene expression 886:900 gene expression in bloodstream form 886:920 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 0 75 theme Trypanosoma 163:173 arg1 theileri 190:197 the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri 132:197 the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri 132:197 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 4 76 from analysis 874:881 arg1 form 917:920 bloodstream form 905:920 bloodstream form 905:920 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 3 77 theme Trypanosoma 557:567 arg1 example 591:597 a typical example 581:597 a typical example 581:597 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 3 77 theme Trypanosoma 557:567 arg1 theileri 569:576 Trypanosoma theileri 557:576 Trypanosoma theileri 557:576 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 2 78 theme system 549:554 arg1 face 510:513 the face 506:513 the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system 506:554 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 3 79 theme systematic 727:736 arg1 survey 738:743 no systematic survey 724:743 no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity 724:799 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 0 80 theme Megatrypanum 176:187 arg1 theileri 190:197 the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri 132:197 the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri 132:197 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 2 81 theme adaptive 533:540 arg1 system 549:554 the vertebrate adaptive immune system 518:554 the vertebrate adaptive immune system 518:554 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 3 82 theme infection 762:770 arg1 effect 752:757 the effect 748:757 the effect of infection on agricultural productivity 748:799 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 4 83 from sequence 845:852 arg1 form 917:920 bloodstream form 905:920 bloodstream form 905:920 Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. 28903536 3 84 theme typical 583:589 arg1 example 591:597 a typical example 581:597 a typical example 581:597 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 3 84 theme typical 583:589 arg1 theileri 569:576 Trypanosoma theileri 557:576 Trypanosoma theileri 557:576 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 8 85 theme variant 1703:1709 arg1 coat 1732:1735 the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat 1691:1735 the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes 1691:1759 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 5 86 theme growth 1208:1213 arg1 control 1215:1221 density-dependent growth control 1190:1221 density-dependent growth control 1190:1221 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 3 87 theme effect 752:757 arg1 survey 738:743 no systematic survey 724:743 no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity 724:799 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 8 88 theme immune 1920:1925 arg1 response 1927:1934 the adaptive immune response 1907:1934 the adaptive immune response 1907:1934 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 8 89 theme glycoprotein 1719:1730 arg1 coat 1732:1735 the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat 1691:1735 the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes 1691:1759 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 7 90 theme gene 1636:1639 arg1 family 1641:1646 a major surface protease gene family 1611:1646 a major surface protease gene family 1611:1646 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 8 91 theme extracellular 1857:1869 arg1 milieu 1871:1876 an extracellular milieu 1854:1876 an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts 1854:1896 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 3 92 theme agricultural 775:786 arg1 productivity 788:799 agricultural productivity 775:799 agricultural productivity 775:799 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 6 93 theme cell 1319:1322 arg1 surfaces 1324:1331 two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces 1294:1331 two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces 1294:1331 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 6 93 theme cell 1319:1322 arg1 brucei 1337:1342 T. brucei 1334:1342 T. brucei 1334:1342 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 6 93 theme cell 1319:1322 arg1 theileri 1351:1358 T. theileri 1348:1358 T. theileri 1348:1358 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 2 94 contain have 344:347 arg2 system 360:365 the ornate system 349:365 the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species 349:456 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 2 94 contain have 344:347 arg1 majority 319:326 The vast majority 310:326 The vast majority of these 310:335 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 7 95 theme surface 1619:1625 arg1 family 1641:1646 a major surface protease gene family 1611:1646 a major surface protease gene family 1611:1646 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 2 96 theme long-term 482:490 arg1 infections 492:501 long-term infections 482:501 long-term infections 482:501 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 0 97 from Survival 40:47 arg1 Bloodstream 66:76 the Mammalian Bloodstream 52:76 the Mammalian Bloodstream 52:76 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 2 98 theme antigenic 370:378 arg1 variation 380:388 antigenic variation 370:388 antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species 370:456 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 0 99 theme Alternative 3:13 arg1 Strategy 15:22 An Alternative Strategy 0:22 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream 0:76 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 5 100 contain has 1026:1028 arg1 theileri 1017:1024 T. theileri 1014:1024 T. theileri 1014:1024 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 5 100 contain has 1026:1028 arg2 structure 1061:1069 a typical kinetoplastid genome structure 1030:1069 a typical kinetoplastid genome structure 1030:1069 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 3 101 theme host 617:620 arg1 range 622:626 a restricted host range 604:626 a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae 604:654 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 5 102 theme silencing 1141:1149 arg1 capable 1107:1113 capable 1107:1113 capable 1107:1113 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 5 103 theme genome 971:976 arg1 sequence 978:985 the genome sequence 967:985 the genome sequence 967:985 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 5 104 theme RNA 1155:1157 arg1 interference 1159:1170 RNA interference 1155:1170 RNA interference 1155:1170 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 2 105 theme species 450:456 arg1 number 420:425 the small number 410:425 the small number of African trypanosome species 410:456 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 6 106 dep evolved 1376:1382 arg1 each 1371:1374 each 1371:1374 each 1371:1374 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 7 107 theme cell 1476:1479 arg1 surface 1481:1487 The T. theileri cell surface 1460:1487 The T. theileri cell surface 1460:1487 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 7 108 contain contain 1507:1513 arg2 mixture 1517:1523 a mixture 1515:1523 a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family 1515:1646 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 7 108 contain contain 1507:1513 arg1 surface 1481:1487 The T. theileri cell surface 1460:1487 The T. theileri cell surface 1460:1487 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 0 109 theme Ubiquitous 136:145 arg1 theileri 190:197 the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri 132:197 the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri 132:197 An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. 28903536 3 110 from effect 752:757 arg1 productivity 788:799 agricultural productivity 775:799 agricultural productivity 775:799 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 2 111 theme these 331:335 arg1 majority 319:326 The vast majority 310:326 The vast majority of these 310:335 The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. 28903536 5 112 theme meiotic 1118:1124 arg1 exchange 1126:1133 meiotic exchange 1118:1133 meiotic exchange 1118:1133 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28903536 7 113 theme T. 1464:1465 arg1 surface 1481:1487 The T. theileri cell surface 1460:1487 The T. theileri cell surface 1460:1487 The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. 28903536 6 114 from maintenance 1398:1408 arg1 cattle 1452:1457 cattle 1452:1457 cattle 1452:1457 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 8 115 from milieu 1871:1876 arg1 hosts 1892:1896 vertebrate hosts 1881:1896 vertebrate hosts 1881:1896 This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response. 28903536 6 116 theme extracellular 1425:1437 arg1 infection 1439:1447 a long-term extracellular infection 1413:1447 a long-term extracellular infection in cattle 1413:1457 In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. 28903536 3 117 contain has 600:602 arg1 example 591:597 a typical example 581:597 a typical example 581:597 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 3 117 contain has 600:602 arg2 range 622:626 a restricted host range 604:626 a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae 604:654 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 3 117 contain has 600:602 arg1 theileri 569:576 Trypanosoma theileri 557:576 Trypanosoma theileri 557:576 Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. 28903536 5 118 theme density-dependent 1190:1206 arg1 control 1215:1221 density-dependent growth control 1190:1221 density-dependent growth control 1190:1221 Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. 28699862 3 0 theme strain 336:341 arg1 position 320:327 The taxonomic position 306:327 The taxonomic position of the strain 306:341 The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28699862 6 1 theme type 822:825 arg1 strains 827:833 related type strains 814:833 related type strains 814:833 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea were less than 70 %. 28699862 5 2 theme analysis 486:493 arg1 related 533:539 related 533:539 related 533:539 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 14 3 theme 4.7367T=NBRC 1680:1691 arg1 112394T 1693:1699 =KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T 1661:1699 =KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T 1661:1699 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 14 3 theme 4.7367T=NBRC 1680:1691 arg1 K10001T 1652:1658 SYSU K10001T 1647:1658 SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T) 1647:1700 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 7 4 theme diamino 934:940 arg1 acid 942:945 the diagnostic diamino acid 919:945 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 919:976 In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699862 7 4 theme diamino 934:940 arg1 acid 910:913 meso-diaminopimelic acid 890:913 meso-diaminopimelic acid 890:913 In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699862 6 5 theme related 814:820 arg1 strains 827:833 related type strains 814:833 related type strains 814:833 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea were less than 70 %. 28699862 10 6 theme unidentified 1354:1365 arg1 lipid 1367:1371 one unidentified lipid 1350:1371 one unidentified lipid 1350:1371 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699862 10 7 theme polar 1160:1164 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1178:1199 diphosphatidylglycerol 1178:1199 diphosphatidylglycerol 1178:1199 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699862 10 7 theme polar 1160:1164 arg1 lipids 1166:1171 The polar lipids 1156:1171 The polar lipids 1156:1171 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699862 14 8 theme 39804T=CGMCC 1667:1678 arg1 112394T 1693:1699 =KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T 1661:1699 =KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T 1661:1699 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 14 8 theme 39804T=CGMCC 1667:1678 arg1 K10001T 1652:1658 SYSU K10001T 1647:1658 SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T) 1647:1700 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 3 9 theme taxonomic 310:318 arg1 position 320:327 The taxonomic position 306:327 The taxonomic position of the strain 306:341 The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28699862 10 10 theme unidentified 1320:1331 arg1 phospholipid 1333:1344 one unidentified phospholipid 1316:1344 one unidentified phospholipid 1316:1344 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699862 11 11 theme K10001T 1417:1423 arg1 % 1437:1437 69.4 mol% 1429:1437 69.4 mol% 1429:1437 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 11 11 theme K10001T 1417:1423 arg1 content 1394:1400 The genomic DNA G+C content 1374:1400 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T 1374:1423 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 9 12 theme isoprenoid 1057:1066 arg1 MK-9 1080:1083 MK-9 1080:1083 MK-9(H4) 1080:1087 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 9 12 theme isoprenoid 1057:1066 arg1 quinone 1068:1074 The major isoprenoid quinone 1047:1074 The major isoprenoid quinone 1047:1074 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 5 13 theme NRRL 657:660 arg1 B-16159T 662:669 Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T 634:669 Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %) 634:678 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 13 theme NRRL 657:660 arg1 % 677:677 98.6 % 672:677 98.6 % 672:677 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 14 theme NBRC 598:601 arg1 16102T 603:608 the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T 564:608 the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) 564:628 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 14 theme NBRC 598:601 arg1 similarity 618:627 98.8 % similarity 611:627 98.8 % similarity 611:627 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 15 theme type 548:551 arg1 strains 553:559 the type strains 544:559 the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %) 544:678 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 12 16 theme novel 1534:1538 arg1 species 1540:1546 a novel species 1532:1546 a novel species 1532:1546 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 2 17 attach isolated 188:195 arg1 sample 214:219 a limestone sample 202:219 a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China 202:303 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. 28699862 2 17 attach isolated 188:195 arg2 strain 151:156 A novel actinobacterial strain 127:156 A novel actinobacterial strain 127:156 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. 28699862 5 18 theme B-16159T 662:669 arg1 strains 553:559 the type strains 544:559 the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %) 544:678 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 12 19 dep data 1495:1498 arg1 the 1443:1445 the 1443:1445 the 1443:1445 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 12 19 dep data 1495:1498 arg1 basis 1447:1451 basis 1447:1451 basis 1447:1451 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 11 20 theme SYSU 1412:1415 arg1 K10001T 1417:1423 strain SYSU K10001T 1405:1423 strain SYSU K10001T 1405:1423 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 2 21 theme karst 238:242 arg1 cave 244:247 a karst cave 236:247 a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China 236:303 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. 28699862 12 22 theme cavernae 1597:1604 arg1 sp 1606:1607 the name Lentzea cavernae sp 1580:1607 the name Lentzea cavernae sp 1580:1607 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 1 23 theme karst 62:66 arg1 sample 73:78 a karst cave sample 60:78 a karst cave sample 60:78 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample, and emended description of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 9 24 theme fatty 1106:1110 arg1 acids 1112:1116 the major fatty acids 1096:1116 the major fatty acids (>10 %) 1096:1124 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 9 24 theme fatty 1106:1110 arg1 % 1123:1123 >10 % 1119:1123 >10 % 1119:1123 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 9 24 theme fatty 1106:1110 arg1 iso-C16  1131:1138 iso-C16  1131:1138 iso-C16  1131:1138 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 14 25 theme type 1632:1635 arg1 strain 1637:1642 The type strain 1628:1642 The type strain 1628:1642 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 14 25 theme type 1632:1635 arg1 K10001T 1652:1658 SYSU K10001T 1647:1658 SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T) 1647:1700 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 0 26 theme cavernae 8:15 arg1 sp 17:18 Lentzea cavernae sp 0:18 Lentzea cavernae sp. 0:19 Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 14 27 theme SYSU 1647:1650 arg1 strain 1637:1642 The type strain 1628:1642 The type strain 1628:1642 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 14 27 theme SYSU 1647:1650 arg1 K10001T 1652:1658 SYSU K10001T 1647:1658 SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T) 1647:1700 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 14 27 theme SYSU 1647:1650 arg1 112394T 1693:1699 =KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T 1661:1699 =KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T 1661:1699 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 5 28 theme genus 568:572 arg1 16102T 603:608 the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T 564:608 the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) 564:628 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 28 theme genus 568:572 arg1 similarity 618:627 98.8 % similarity 611:627 98.8 % similarity 611:627 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 12 29 theme Lentzea 1589:1595 arg1 sp 1606:1607 the name Lentzea cavernae sp 1580:1607 the name Lentzea cavernae sp 1580:1607 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 1 30 theme cave 68:71 arg1 sample 73:78 a karst cave sample 60:78 a karst cave sample 60:78 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample, and emended description of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 31 theme 16S 463:465 arg1 analysis 486:493 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 463:493 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 463:493 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 0 32 theme Lentzea 0:6 arg1 sp 17:18 Lentzea cavernae sp 0:18 Lentzea cavernae sp. 0:19 Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 11 33 theme 69.4 mol 1429:1436 arg1 % 1437:1437 69.4 mol% 1429:1437 69.4 mol% 1429:1437 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 11 33 theme 69.4 mol 1429:1436 arg1 content 1394:1400 The genomic DNA G+C content 1374:1400 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T 1374:1423 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 10 34 theme phosphatidylinositol 1284:1303 arg1 mannoside 1305:1313 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 1284:1313 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 1284:1313 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699862 9 35 theme major 1100:1104 arg1 acids 1112:1116 the major fatty acids 1096:1116 the major fatty acids (>10 %) 1096:1124 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 9 35 theme major 1100:1104 arg1 % 1123:1123 >10 % 1119:1123 >10 % 1119:1123 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 9 35 theme major 1100:1104 arg1 iso-C16  1131:1138 iso-C16  1131:1138 iso-C16  1131:1138 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 1 36 attach isolated 46:53 arg2 actinobacterium 30:44 an actinobacterium 27:44 an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample 27:78 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample, and emended description of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 1 36 attach isolated 46:53 arg1 sample 73:78 a karst cave sample 60:78 a karst cave sample 60:78 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample, and emended description of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 7 37 theme cell-wall 954:962 arg1 peptidoglycan 964:976 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 950:976 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 950:976 In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699862 5 38 dep analysis 486:493 arg1 basis 454:458 basis 454:458 basis 454:458 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 38 dep analysis 486:493 arg1 the 450:452 the 450:452 the 450:452 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 7 39 from acid 942:945 arg1 addition 880:887 addition 880:887 addition 880:887 In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699862 7 39 from acid 942:945 arg1 peptidoglycan 964:976 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 950:976 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 950:976 In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699862 11 40 theme G+C 1390:1392 arg1 % 1437:1437 69.4 mol% 1429:1437 69.4 mol% 1429:1437 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 11 40 theme G+C 1390:1392 arg1 content 1394:1400 The genomic DNA G+C content 1374:1400 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T 1374:1423 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 4 41 theme strain 402:407 arg1 Cells 389:393 Cells 389:393 Cells of the strain 389:407 Cells of the strain were aerobic and Gram-stain-positive. 28699862 7 42 theme diagnostic 923:932 arg1 acid 942:945 the diagnostic diamino acid 919:945 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 919:976 In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699862 7 42 theme diagnostic 923:932 arg1 acid 910:913 meso-diaminopimelic acid 890:913 meso-diaminopimelic acid 890:913 In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699862 9 43 dep iso-C16  1131:1138 arg1 C14  1147:1150 C14  1147:1150 C14  1147:1150 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 9 43 dep iso-C16  1131:1138 arg1  0 1140:1141  0 1140:1141  0 1140:1141 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 6 44 theme hybridization 761:773 arg1 values 775:780 DNA-DNA hybridization values 753:780 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea 753:854 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea were less than 70 %. 28699862 12 45 theme genus 1555:1559 arg1 Lentzea 1561:1567 the genus Lentzea 1551:1567 the genus Lentzea 1551:1567 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 11 46 theme genomic 1378:1384 arg1 % 1437:1437 69.4 mol% 1429:1437 69.4 mol% 1429:1437 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 11 46 theme genomic 1378:1384 arg1 content 1394:1400 The genomic DNA G+C content 1374:1400 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T 1374:1423 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 5 47 theme genus 738:742 arg1 Lentzea 744:750 the genus Lentzea 734:750 the genus Lentzea 734:750 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 3 48 theme polyphasic 368:377 arg1 approach 379:386 a polyphasic approach 366:386 a polyphasic approach 366:386 The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28699862 6 49 theme Lentzea 848:854 arg1 strain 790:795 strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains 790:833 strain 790:795 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea were less than 70 %. 28699862 6 49 theme Lentzea 848:854 arg1 strains 827:833 related type strains 814:833 related type strains 814:833 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea were less than 70 %. 28699862 5 50 theme Lentzea 634:640 arg1 B-16159T 662:669 Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T 634:669 Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %) 634:678 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 50 theme Lentzea 634:640 arg1 % 677:677 98.6 % 672:677 98.6 % 672:677 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 2 51 theme actinobacterial 135:149 arg1 strain 151:156 A novel actinobacterial strain 127:156 A novel actinobacterial strain 127:156 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. 28699862 5 52 theme Lentzea 744:750 arg1 member 724:729 a member 722:729 a member of the genus Lentzea 722:750 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 12 53 theme phenotypic 1456:1465 arg1 data 1495:1498 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1456:1498 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1456:1498 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 5 54 theme waywayandensis 642:655 arg1 B-16159T 662:669 Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T 634:669 Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %) 634:678 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 54 theme waywayandensis 642:655 arg1 % 677:677 98.6 % 672:677 98.6 % 672:677 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 55 theme 16102T 603:608 arg1 strains 553:559 the type strains 544:559 the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %) 544:678 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 2 56 theme novel 129:133 arg1 strain 151:156 A novel actinobacterial strain 127:156 A novel actinobacterial strain 127:156 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. 28699862 5 57 theme strain 496:501 arg1 K10001T 508:514 strain SYSU K10001T 496:514 strain SYSU K10001T 496:514 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 1 58 theme emended 85:91 arg1 description 93:103 emended description 85:103 emended description of the genus Lentzea 85:124 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample, and emended description of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 8 59 theme whole-cell 983:992 arg1 arabinose 1006:1014 arabinose 1006:1014 arabinose 1006:1014 The whole-cell sugars were arabinose, fructose, mannose and xylose. 28699862 8 59 theme whole-cell 983:992 arg1 sugars 994:999 The whole-cell sugars 979:999 The whole-cell sugars 979:999 The whole-cell sugars were arabinose, fructose, mannose and xylose. 28699862 12 60 theme genotypic 1468:1476 arg1 data 1495:1498 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1456:1498 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1456:1498 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 5 61 theme SYSU 503:506 arg1 K10001T 508:514 strain SYSU K10001T 496:514 strain SYSU K10001T 496:514 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 6 62 theme DNA-DNA 753:759 arg1 hybridization 761:773 DNA-DNA hybridization 753:773 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea 753:854 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea were less than 70 %. 28699862 11 63 theme DNA 1386:1388 arg1 % 1437:1437 69.4 mol% 1429:1437 69.4 mol% 1429:1437 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 11 63 theme DNA 1386:1388 arg1 content 1394:1400 The genomic DNA G+C content 1374:1400 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T 1374:1423 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 5 64 theme 98.8  611:615 arg1 % 616:616 % 616:616 % 616:616 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 7 65 theme meso-diaminopimelic 890:908 arg1 acid 942:945 the diagnostic diamino acid 919:945 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 919:976 In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699862 7 65 theme meso-diaminopimelic 890:908 arg1 acid 910:913 meso-diaminopimelic acid 890:913 meso-diaminopimelic acid 890:913 In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699862 9 66 theme major 1051:1055 arg1 MK-9 1080:1083 MK-9 1080:1083 MK-9(H4) 1080:1087 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 9 66 theme major 1051:1055 arg1 quinone 1068:1074 The major isoprenoid quinone 1047:1074 The major isoprenoid quinone 1047:1074 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 28699862 6 67 dep strain 790:795 arg1 K10001T 802:808 K10001T 802:808 K10001T 802:808 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea were less than 70 %. 28699862 5 68 theme % 616:616 arg1 16102T 603:608 the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T 564:608 the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) 564:628 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 5 68 theme % 616:616 arg1 similarity 618:627 98.8 % similarity 611:627 98.8 % similarity 611:627 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 2 69 theme SYSU 170:173 arg1 K10001T 175:181 SYSU K10001T 170:181 SYSU K10001T 170:181 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. 28699862 5 70 theme rRNA 467:470 arg1 analysis 486:493 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 463:493 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 463:493 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 12 71 theme name 1584:1587 arg1 sp 1606:1607 the name Lentzea cavernae sp 1580:1607 the name Lentzea cavernae sp 1580:1607 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 14 72 theme =KCTC 1661:1665 arg1 112394T 1693:1699 =KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T 1661:1699 =KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T 1661:1699 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 14 72 theme =KCTC 1661:1665 arg1 K10001T 1652:1658 SYSU K10001T 1647:1658 SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T) 1647:1700 The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T). 28699862 12 73 theme Lentzea 1561:1567 arg1 species 1540:1546 a novel species 1532:1546 a novel species 1532:1546 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 12 74 theme phylogenetic 1482:1493 arg1 data 1495:1498 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1456:1498 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1456:1498 On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. 28699862 5 75 theme gene 472:475 arg1 analysis 486:493 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 463:493 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 463:493 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 1 76 theme genus 112:116 arg1 Lentzea 118:124 the genus Lentzea 108:124 the genus Lentzea 108:124 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample, and emended description of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 2 77 from cave 244:247 arg1 county 259:264 county 259:264 county 259:264 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. 28699862 2 77 from cave 244:247 arg1 province 275:282 province 275:282 province 275:282 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. 28699862 2 77 from cave 244:247 arg1 China 299:303 China 299:303 China 299:303 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. 28699862 2 78 theme limestone 204:212 arg1 sample 214:219 a limestone sample 202:219 a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China 202:303 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. 28699862 5 79 theme sequence 477:484 arg1 analysis 486:493 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 463:493 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 463:493 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 1 80 theme Lentzea 118:124 arg1 description 93:103 emended description 85:103 emended description of the genus Lentzea 85:124 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample, and emended description of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 1 80 theme Lentzea 118:124 arg1 nov. 21:24 nov. 21:24 nov. 21:24 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample, and emended description of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 1 80 theme Lentzea 118:124 arg1 actinobacterium 30:44 an actinobacterium 27:44 an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample 27:78 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave sample, and emended description of the genus Lentzea. 28699862 11 81 theme strain 1405:1410 arg1 K10001T 1417:1423 strain SYSU K10001T 1405:1423 strain SYSU K10001T 1405:1423 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. 28699862 6 82 theme genus 842:846 arg1 Lentzea 848:854 the genus Lentzea 838:854 the genus Lentzea 838:854 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea were less than 70 %. 28629493 4 0 dep optimum 431:437 arg1 28-32 °C 440:447 28-32 °C 440:447 28-32 °C 440:447 Strain CPCC 204135T was observed to grow at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). 28629493 12 1 theme Naumannella 1836:1846 arg1 sp 1858:1859 the name Naumannella huperziae sp 1827:1859 the name Naumannella huperziae sp 1827:1859 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 10 2 theme major 1473:1477 arg1 acids 1494:1498 The major cellular fatty acids 1469:1498 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 1469:1506 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 10 2 theme major 1473:1477 arg1 % 1505:1505 >10 % 1501:1505 >10 % 1501:1505 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 10 2 theme major 1473:1477 arg1 anteiso-C15  1513:1524 anteiso-C15  1513:1524 anteiso-C15  1513:1524 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 2 3 theme non-motile 136:145 arg1 actinobacterium 169:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium 103:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium 103:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 6 4 theme species 1049:1055 arg1 delineation 1057:1067 species delineation 1049:1067 species delineation 1049:1067 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 2 5 theme rod-shaped 124:133 arg1 actinobacterium 169:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium 103:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium 103:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 5 6 theme rRNA 704:707 arg1 similarity 723:732 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 700:732 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 700:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 7 from name 885:888 arg1 species 794:800 the only species 785:800 the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 785:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 7 from name 885:888 arg1 24323T 768:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T 739:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %) 739:782 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 4 8 theme Strain 352:357 arg1 204135T 364:370 Strain CPCC 204135T 352:370 Strain CPCC 204135T 352:370 Strain CPCC 204135T was observed to grow at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). 28629493 1 9 attach isolated 62:69 arg2 actinobacterium 46:60 an endophytic actinobacterium 32:60 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 32:100 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 1 9 attach isolated 62:69 arg2 Thunb 94:98 Thunb 94:98 Thunb 94:98 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 1 9 attach isolated 62:69 arg2 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 1 9 attach isolated 62:69 arg1 serrata 85:91 Huperzia serrata 76:91 Huperzia serrata 76:91 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 6 10 theme 70  1030:1032 arg1 % 1033:1033 % 1033:1033 % 1033:1033 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 10 11 theme fatty 1488:1492 arg1 acids 1494:1498 The major cellular fatty acids 1469:1498 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 1469:1506 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 10 11 theme fatty 1488:1492 arg1 % 1505:1505 >10 % 1501:1505 >10 % 1501:1505 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 10 11 theme fatty 1488:1492 arg1 anteiso-C15  1513:1524 anteiso-C15  1513:1524 anteiso-C15  1513:1524 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 13 12 theme type 1940:1943 arg1 strain 1945:1950 the type strain 1936:1950 the type strain 1936:1950 nov. is proposed, with strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain. 28629493 5 13 theme CPCC 623:626 arg1 204135T 628:634 strain CPCC 204135T 616:634 strain CPCC 204135T 616:634 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 14 theme halotolerans 751:762 arg1 24323T 768:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T 739:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %) 739:782 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 14 theme halotolerans 751:762 arg1 % 781:781 97.2 % 776:781 97.2 % 776:781 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 14 theme halotolerans 751:762 arg1 species 794:800 the only species 785:800 the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 785:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 12 15 theme Naumannella 1804:1814 arg1 species 1783:1789 a novel species 1775:1789 a novel species 1775:1789 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 5 16 theme rRNA 582:585 arg1 sequences 592:600 16S rRNA gene sequences 578:600 16S rRNA gene sequences 578:600 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 2 17 theme medicinal 257:265 arg1 plant 267:271 a surface-sterilized medicinal plant 236:271 a surface-sterilized medicinal plant 236:271 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 3 18 theme Sichuan 316:322 arg1 Province 324:331 Sichuan Province 316:331 Sichuan Province 316:331 , collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. 28629493 3 18 theme Sichuan 316:322 arg1 China 345:349 south-west China 334:349 south-west China 334:349 , collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. 28629493 8 19 theme polar 1391:1395 arg1 profile 1404:1410 the polar lipids profile 1387:1410 the polar lipids profile 1387:1410 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 11 20 theme CPCC 1591:1594 arg1 204135T 1596:1602 strain CPCC 204135T 1584:1602 strain CPCC 204135T 1584:1602 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 28629493 6 21 theme hybridization 903:915 arg1 value 917:921 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 891:921 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 891:980 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 11 22 theme 71.8 mol 1625:1632 arg1 content 1554:1560 The G+C content 1546:1560 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T 1546:1602 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 28629493 11 22 theme 71.8 mol 1625:1632 arg1 % 1633:1633 71.8 mol% 1625:1633 71.8 mol% 1625:1633 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 28629493 13 23 theme =DSM 1906:1909 arg1 111773T 1924:1930 =DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T 1906:1930 =DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T 1906:1930 nov. is proposed, with strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain. 28629493 13 23 theme =DSM 1906:1909 arg1 204135T 1897:1903 strain CPCC 204135T 1885:1903 strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain 1885:1950 nov. is proposed, with strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain. 28629493 12 24 theme novel 1777:1781 arg1 species 1783:1789 a novel species 1775:1789 a novel species 1775:1789 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 5 25 theme Propionibacteriaceaewith 841:864 arg1 name 885:888 the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 830:888 the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 830:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 7 26 theme cell-wall 1074:1082 arg1 hydrolysates 1084:1095 The cell-wall hydrolysates 1070:1095 The cell-wall hydrolysates 1070:1095 The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, with the peptidoglycan type of A3γ. 28629493 13 27 theme strain 1885:1890 arg1 111773T 1924:1930 =DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T 1906:1930 =DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T 1906:1930 nov. is proposed, with strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain. 28629493 13 27 theme strain 1885:1890 arg1 204135T 1897:1903 strain CPCC 204135T 1885:1903 strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain 1885:1950 nov. is proposed, with strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain. 28629493 1 28 theme Huperzia 76:83 arg1 serrata 85:91 Huperzia serrata 76:91 Huperzia serrata 76:91 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 0 29 theme Naumannella 0:10 arg1 sp 22:23 Naumannella huperziae sp 0:23 Naumannella huperziae sp. 0:24 Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 12 30 theme CPCC 1751:1754 arg1 204135T 1756:1762 strain CPCC 204135T 1744:1762 strain CPCC 204135T 1744:1762 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 5 31 theme Naumannella 815:825 arg1 species 794:800 the only species 785:800 the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 785:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 31 theme Naumannella 815:825 arg1 24323T 768:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T 739:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %) 739:782 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 6 32 theme halotolerans 958:969 arg1 24323T 975:980 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 955:980 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 955:980 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 12 33 dep analysis 1665:1672 arg1 the 1639:1641 the 1639:1641 the 1639:1641 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 12 33 dep analysis 1665:1672 arg1 basis 1643:1647 basis 1643:1647 basis 1643:1647 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 5 34 theme sequence 714:721 arg1 similarity 723:732 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 700:732 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 700:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 7 35 theme A3γ 1198:1200 arg1 type 1190:1193 the peptidoglycan type 1172:1193 the peptidoglycan type of A3γ 1172:1200 The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, with the peptidoglycan type of A3γ. 28629493 5 36 with similarity 723:732 arg1 24323T 768:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T 739:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %) 739:782 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 36 with similarity 723:732 arg1 % 781:781 97.2 % 776:781 97.2 % 776:781 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 36 with similarity 723:732 arg1 species 794:800 the only species 785:800 the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 785:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 37 theme highest 683:689 arg1 level 691:695 the highest level 679:695 the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 679:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 12 38 theme phylogenetic 1652:1663 arg1 analysis 1665:1672 phylogenetic analysis 1652:1672 phylogenetic analysis 1652:1672 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 6 39 theme CPCC 938:941 arg1 204135T 943:949 strain CPCC 204135T 931:949 strain CPCC 204135T 931:949 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 8 40 theme polar 1325:1329 arg1 lipid 1331:1335 one unidentified polar lipid 1308:1335 one unidentified polar lipid 1308:1335 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 11 41 theme G+C 1550:1552 arg1 content 1554:1560 The G+C content 1546:1560 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T 1546:1602 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 28629493 11 41 theme G+C 1550:1552 arg1 % 1633:1633 71.8 mol% 1625:1633 71.8 mol% 1625:1633 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 28629493 2 42 dep endophytic 106:115 arg1 short 118:122 short 118:122 short 118:122 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 2 43 theme CPCC 204:207 arg1 204135T 209:215 strain CPCC 204135T 197:215 strain CPCC 204135T 197:215 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 4 44 theme  NaCl 523:527 arg1 presence 498:505 the presence 494:505 the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %) 494:544 Strain CPCC 204135T was observed to grow at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). 28629493 11 45 theme DNA 1577:1579 arg1 content 1554:1560 The G+C content 1546:1560 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T 1546:1602 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 28629493 11 45 theme DNA 1577:1579 arg1 % 1633:1633 71.8 mol% 1625:1633 71.8 mol% 1625:1633 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 28629493 5 46 from Naumannella 815:825 arg1 name 885:888 the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 830:888 the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 830:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 1 47 theme endophytic 35:44 arg1 actinobacterium 46:60 an endophytic actinobacterium 32:60 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 32:100 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 1 47 theme endophytic 35:44 arg1 Thunb 94:98 Thunb 94:98 Thunb 94:98 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 1 47 theme endophytic 35:44 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 7 48 theme glutamic 1152:1159 arg1 acid 1161:1164 glutamic acid 1152:1164 glutamic acid 1152:1164 The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, with the peptidoglycan type of A3γ. 28629493 2 49 theme endophytic 106:115 arg1 actinobacterium 169:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium 103:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium 103:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 5 50 theme Phylogenetic 547:558 arg1 analysis 560:567 Phylogenetic analysis 547:567 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 547:600 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 4 51 theme % 516:516 arg1 optimum 530:536 optimum 530:536 optimum 530:536 Strain CPCC 204135T was observed to grow at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). 28629493 4 51 theme % 516:516 arg1  NaCl 523:527 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl 510:527 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %) 510:544 Strain CPCC 204135T was observed to grow at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). 28629493 10 52 theme cellular 1479:1486 arg1 acids 1494:1498 The major cellular fatty acids 1469:1498 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 1469:1506 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 10 52 theme cellular 1479:1486 arg1 % 1505:1505 >10 % 1501:1505 >10 % 1501:1505 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 10 52 theme cellular 1479:1486 arg1 anteiso-C15  1513:1524 anteiso-C15  1513:1524 anteiso-C15  1513:1524 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 10 53 dep anteiso-C15  1513:1524 arg1  0 1542:1543  0 1542:1543  0 1542:1543 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 10 53 dep anteiso-C15  1513:1524 arg1 iso-C16  1533:1540 iso-C16  1533:1540 iso-C16  1533:1540 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 10 53 dep anteiso-C15  1513:1524 arg1  0 1526:1527  0 1526:1527  0 1526:1527 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 28629493 12 54 theme name 1831:1834 arg1 sp 1858:1859 the name Naumannella huperziae sp 1827:1859 the name Naumannella huperziae sp 1827:1859 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 5 55 theme DSM 764:766 arg1 24323T 768:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T 739:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %) 739:782 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 55 theme DSM 764:766 arg1 % 781:781 97.2 % 776:781 97.2 % 776:781 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 55 theme DSM 764:766 arg1 species 794:800 the only species 785:800 the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 785:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 12 56 theme huperziae 1848:1856 arg1 sp 1858:1859 the name Naumannella huperziae sp 1827:1859 the name Naumannella huperziae sp 1827:1859 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 6 57 theme DNA-DNA 895:901 arg1 hybridization 903:915 The DNA-DNA hybridization 891:915 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 891:980 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 4 58 theme CPCC 359:362 arg1 204135T 364:370 Strain CPCC 204135T 352:370 Strain CPCC 204135T 352:370 Strain CPCC 204135T was observed to grow at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). 28629493 6 59 theme % 1033:1033 arg1 threshold 1035:1043 the accepted 70 % threshold 1017:1043 the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation 1017:1067 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 5 60 theme similarity 723:732 arg1 level 691:695 the highest level 679:695 the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 679:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 8 61 theme glycolipids 1358:1368 arg1 Diphosphatidylglycerol 1203:1224 Diphosphatidylglycerol 1203:1224 Diphosphatidylglycerol 1203:1224 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 61 theme glycolipids 1358:1368 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1227:1246 phosphatidylglycerol 1227:1246 phosphatidylglycerol 1227:1246 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 61 theme glycolipids 1358:1368 arg1 lipid 1331:1335 one unidentified polar lipid 1308:1335 one unidentified polar lipid 1308:1335 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 61 theme glycolipids 1358:1368 arg1 aminolipid 1296:1305 one unidentified aminolipid 1279:1305 one unidentified aminolipid 1279:1305 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 61 theme glycolipids 1358:1368 arg1 kinds 1349:1353 several kinds 1341:1353 several kinds of glycolipids 1341:1368 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 61 theme glycolipids 1358:1368 arg1 phospholipid 1265:1276 an unidentified phospholipid 1249:1276 an unidentified phospholipid 1249:1276 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 6 62 theme accepted 1021:1028 arg1 threshold 1035:1043 the accepted 70 % threshold 1017:1043 the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation 1017:1067 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 5 63 theme strain 616:621 arg1 204135T 628:634 strain CPCC 204135T 616:634 strain CPCC 204135T 616:634 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 64 theme Naumannella 739:749 arg1 24323T 768:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T 739:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %) 739:782 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 64 theme Naumannella 739:749 arg1 % 781:781 97.2 % 776:781 97.2 % 776:781 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 64 theme Naumannella 739:749 arg1 species 794:800 the only species 785:800 the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 785:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 2 65 dep isolated 222:229 arg1 Thunb 292:296 Thunb 292:296 Thunb 292:296 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 5 66 theme 16S 578:580 arg1 sequences 592:600 16S rRNA gene sequences 578:600 16S rRNA gene sequences 578:600 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 4 67 dep % 516:516 arg1 w/v 519:521 w/v 519:521 w/v 519:521 Strain CPCC 204135T was observed to grow at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). 28629493 5 68 theme only 789:792 arg1 species 794:800 the only species 785:800 the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 785:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 68 theme only 789:792 arg1 24323T 768:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T 739:773 Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %) 739:782 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 12 69 theme genus 1798:1802 arg1 Naumannella 1804:1814 the genus Naumannella 1794:1814 the genus Naumannella 1794:1814 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 11 70 theme strain 1584:1589 arg1 204135T 1596:1602 strain CPCC 204135T 1584:1602 strain CPCC 204135T 1584:1602 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 28629493 5 71 theme gene 587:590 arg1 sequences 592:600 16S rRNA gene sequences 578:600 16S rRNA gene sequences 578:600 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 4 72 dep optimum 530:536 arg1 % 543:543 0-3 % 539:543 0-3 % 539:543 Strain CPCC 204135T was observed to grow at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). 28629493 6 73 theme strain 931:936 arg1 204135T 943:949 strain CPCC 204135T 931:949 strain CPCC 204135T 931:949 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 8 74 theme lipids 1397:1402 arg1 profile 1404:1410 the polar lipids profile 1387:1410 the polar lipids profile 1387:1410 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 1 75 dep isolated 62:69 arg1 actinobacterium 46:60 an endophytic actinobacterium 32:60 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 32:100 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 1 75 dep isolated 62:69 arg1 Thunb 94:98 Thunb 94:98 Thunb 94:98 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 5 76 theme genus 652:656 arg1 Naumannella 658:668 the genus Naumannella 648:668 the genus Naumannella 648:668 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 2 77 theme surface-sterilized 238:255 arg1 plant 267:271 a surface-sterilized medicinal plant 236:271 a surface-sterilized medicinal plant 236:271 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 8 78 located detected 1375:1382 arg2 kinds 1349:1353 several kinds 1341:1353 several kinds of glycolipids 1341:1368 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 78 located detected 1375:1382 arg1 profile 1404:1410 the polar lipids profile 1387:1410 the polar lipids profile 1387:1410 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 78 located detected 1375:1382 arg2 phospholipid 1265:1276 an unidentified phospholipid 1249:1276 an unidentified phospholipid 1249:1276 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 78 located detected 1375:1382 arg2 lipid 1331:1335 one unidentified polar lipid 1308:1335 one unidentified polar lipid 1308:1335 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 78 located detected 1375:1382 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1227:1246 phosphatidylglycerol 1227:1246 phosphatidylglycerol 1227:1246 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 78 located detected 1375:1382 arg2 aminolipid 1296:1305 one unidentified aminolipid 1279:1305 one unidentified aminolipid 1279:1305 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 8 78 located detected 1375:1382 arg2 Diphosphatidylglycerol 1203:1224 Diphosphatidylglycerol 1203:1224 Diphosphatidylglycerol 1203:1224 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 11 79 theme 204135T 1596:1602 arg1 DNA 1577:1579 the genomic DNA 1565:1579 the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T 1565:1602 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 28629493 7 80 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1107:1123 arg1 acid 1125:1128 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, with the peptidoglycan type of A3γ. 28629493 2 81 attach isolated 222:229 arg1 plant 267:271 a surface-sterilized medicinal plant 236:271 a surface-sterilized medicinal plant 236:271 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 2 81 attach isolated 222:229 arg2 actinobacterium 169:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium 103:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium 103:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 11 82 theme genomic 1569:1575 arg1 DNA 1577:1579 the genomic DNA 1565:1579 the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T 1565:1602 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CPCC 204135T was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 28629493 13 83 theme 101717T=NBRC 1911:1922 arg1 111773T 1924:1930 =DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T 1906:1930 =DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T 1906:1930 nov. is proposed, with strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain. 28629493 13 83 theme 101717T=NBRC 1911:1922 arg1 204135T 1897:1903 strain CPCC 204135T 1885:1903 strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain 1885:1950 nov. is proposed, with strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain. 28629493 5 84 theme family 834:839 arg1 name 885:888 the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 830:888 the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 830:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 12 85 theme strain 1744:1749 arg1 204135T 1756:1762 strain CPCC 204135T 1744:1762 strain CPCC 204135T 1744:1762 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 9 86 theme predominant 1444:1454 arg1 MK-9 1413:1416 MK-9 1413:1416 MK-9(H4) 1413:1420 MK-9(H4) was identified as the predominant menaquinone. 28629493 9 86 theme predominant 1444:1454 arg1 menaquinone 1456:1466 the predominant menaquinone 1440:1466 the predominant menaquinone 1440:1466 MK-9(H4) was identified as the predominant menaquinone. 28629493 3 87 theme south-west 334:343 arg1 Province 324:331 Sichuan Province 316:331 Sichuan Province 316:331 , collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. 28629493 3 87 theme south-west 334:343 arg1 China 345:349 south-west China 334:349 south-west China 334:349 , collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. 28629493 8 88 theme unidentified 1252:1263 arg1 phospholipid 1265:1276 an unidentified phospholipid 1249:1276 an unidentified phospholipid 1249:1276 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 0 89 theme huperziae 12:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Naumannella huperziae sp 0:23 Naumannella huperziae sp. 0:24 Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 13 90 theme CPCC 1892:1895 arg1 111773T 1924:1930 =DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T 1906:1930 =DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T 1906:1930 nov. is proposed, with strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain. 28629493 13 90 theme CPCC 1892:1895 arg1 204135T 1897:1903 strain CPCC 204135T 1885:1903 strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain 1885:1950 nov. is proposed, with strain CPCC 204135T (=DSM 101717T=NBRC 111773T) as the type strain. 28629493 5 91 theme genus 809:813 arg1 Naumannella 815:825 the genus Naumannella 805:825 the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 805:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 6 92 theme DSM 971:973 arg1 24323T 975:980 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 955:980 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 955:980 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 5 93 theme gene 709:712 arg1 similarity 723:732 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 700:732 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 700:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 5 94 from species 794:800 arg1 name 885:888 the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 830:888 the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 830:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 6 95 theme N. 955:956 arg1 24323T 975:980 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 955:980 N. halotolerans DSM 24323T 955:980 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204135T and N. halotolerans DSM 24323T was 20.1±1.8 %, which is far below the accepted 70 % threshold for species delineation. 28629493 4 96 theme 0-9.0  510:515 arg1 % 516:516 % 516:516 % 516:516 Strain CPCC 204135T was observed to grow at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). 28629493 8 97 theme unidentified 1283:1294 arg1 aminolipid 1296:1305 one unidentified aminolipid 1279:1305 one unidentified aminolipid 1279:1305 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 7 98 theme peptidoglycan 1176:1188 arg1 type 1190:1193 the peptidoglycan type 1172:1193 the peptidoglycan type of A3γ 1172:1200 The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, with the peptidoglycan type of A3γ. 28629493 2 99 theme non-spore-forming 151:167 arg1 actinobacterium 169:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium 103:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium 103:183 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 4 100 dep optimum 466:472 arg1 pH 7.0-8.0 475:484 pH 7.0-8.0 475:484 pH 7.0-8.0 475:484 Strain CPCC 204135T was observed to grow at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). 28629493 12 101 theme phenotypic 1679:1688 arg1 characteristics 1709:1723 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1679:1723 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1679:1723 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 8 102 theme unidentified 1312:1323 arg1 lipid 1331:1335 one unidentified polar lipid 1308:1335 one unidentified polar lipid 1308:1335 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 7 103 contain contained 1097:1105 arg1 hydrolysates 1084:1095 The cell-wall hydrolysates 1070:1095 The cell-wall hydrolysates 1070:1095 The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, with the peptidoglycan type of A3γ. 28629493 7 103 contain contained 1097:1105 arg2 alanine 1131:1137 alanine 1131:1137 alanine 1131:1137 The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, with the peptidoglycan type of A3γ. 28629493 7 103 contain contained 1097:1105 arg2 acid 1125:1128 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1107:1128 The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, with the peptidoglycan type of A3γ. 28629493 7 103 contain contained 1097:1105 arg2 acid 1161:1164 glutamic acid 1152:1164 glutamic acid 1152:1164 The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, with the peptidoglycan type of A3γ. 28629493 7 103 contain contained 1097:1105 arg2 glycine 1140:1146 glycine 1140:1146 glycine 1140:1146 The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, with the peptidoglycan type of A3γ. 28629493 12 104 theme chemotaxonomic 1694:1707 arg1 characteristics 1709:1723 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1679:1723 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1679:1723 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we concluded that strain CPCC 204135T represents a novel species of the genus Naumannella, for which the name Naumannella huperziae sp. 28629493 5 105 theme published 875:883 arg1 name 885:888 the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 830:888 the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 830:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 28629493 2 106 theme strain 197:202 arg1 204135T 209:215 strain CPCC 204135T 197:215 strain CPCC 204135T 197:215 An endophytic, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204135T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized medicinal plant, Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 28629493 8 107 theme several 1341:1347 arg1 kinds 1349:1353 several kinds 1341:1353 several kinds of glycolipids 1341:1368 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified polar lipid and several kinds of glycolipids were detected in the polar lipids profile. 28629493 5 108 theme 16S 700:702 arg1 similarity 723:732 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 700:732 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name 700:888 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204135T belonged to the genus Naumannella, showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Naumannella halotolerans DSM 24323T (97.2 %), the only species of the genus Naumannella in the family Propionibacteriaceaewith avalidly published name. 27902317 2 0 theme Gram-stain-variable 106:124 arg1 AM20-54 225:231 AM20-54 225:231 AM20-54 225:231 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 0 theme Gram-stain-variable 106:124 arg1 bacteria 191:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria 102:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria 102:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 0 theme Gram-stain-variable 106:124 arg1 AK20-18T 212:219 AK20-18T 212:219 AK20-18T 212:219 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 5 1 theme rRNA 590:593 arg1 similarity 609:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 4 2 theme sequence 424:431 arg1 % 489:489 100 % 485:489 100 % 485:489 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 4 2 theme sequence 424:431 arg1 similarity 433:442 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 406:442 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 406:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 12 3 theme phenotypic 1285:1294 arg1 analyses 1315:1322 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1271:1322 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1271:1322 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 10 4 theme cellular 1122:1129 arg1 anteiso-C15  1148:1159 anteiso-C15  1148:1159 anteiso-C15  1148:1159 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 10 4 theme cellular 1122:1129 arg1 acids 1137:1141 The major cellular fatty acids 1112:1141 The major cellular fatty acids 1112:1141 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 11 5 theme 59.9 mol 1243:1250 arg1 % 1251:1251 59.9 mol% 1243:1251 59.9 mol% 1243:1251 The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. 27902317 11 5 theme 59.9 mol 1243:1250 arg1 content 1231:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content 1211:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content 1211:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. 27902317 14 6 theme Psychromicrobium 1506:1521 arg1 strain 1496:1501 The type strain 1487:1501 The type strain of Psychromicrobium 1487:1521 The type strain of Psychromicrobium silvestregen. 27902317 5 7 theme gene 595:598 arg1 similarity 609:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 6 8 theme A3alpha 761:767 arg1 A11.27 789:794 A11.27 789:794 A11.27 789:794 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T was of the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 (A11.27). 27902317 6 8 theme A3alpha 761:767 arg1 l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 769:786 the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 752:786 the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 (A11.27) 752:795 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T was of the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 (A11.27). 27902317 15 9 dep sp 1543:1544 arg1 nov. 1537:1540 nov. 1537:1540 nov. 1537:1540 nov., sp. 27902317 2 10 attach isolated 239:246 arg2 AM20-54 225:231 AM20-54 225:231 AM20-54 225:231 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 10 attach isolated 239:246 arg2 AK20-18T 212:219 AK20-18T 212:219 AK20-18T 212:219 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 10 attach isolated 239:246 arg2 bacteria 191:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria 102:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria 102:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 10 attach isolated 239:246 arg1 samples 265:271 forest soil samples 253:271 forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps 253:301 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 6 11 theme AK20-18T 736:743 arg1 structure 716:724 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure 688:724 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T 688:743 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T was of the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 (A11.27). 27902317 5 12 theme sequence 600:607 arg1 similarity 609:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 6 13 theme type 756:759 arg1 A11.27 789:794 A11.27 789:794 A11.27 789:794 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T was of the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 (A11.27). 27902317 6 13 theme type 756:759 arg1 l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 769:786 the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 752:786 the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 (A11.27) 752:795 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T was of the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 (A11.27). 27902317 2 14 theme Italian 290:296 arg1 Alps 298:301 the Italian Alps 286:301 the Italian Alps 286:301 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 7 15 theme mannose 865:871 arg1 mannose 865:871 mannose 865:871 mannose 865:871 The whole-cell sugars were galactose, ribose and lesser amounts of mannose. 27902317 7 15 theme mannose 865:871 arg1 ribose 836:841 ribose 836:841 ribose 836:841 The whole-cell sugars were galactose, ribose and lesser amounts of mannose. 27902317 7 15 theme mannose 865:871 arg1 amounts 854:860 lesser amounts 847:860 lesser amounts of mannose 847:871 The whole-cell sugars were galactose, ribose and lesser amounts of mannose. 27902317 7 15 theme mannose 865:871 arg1 galactose 825:833 galactose 825:833 galactose 825:833 The whole-cell sugars were galactose, ribose and lesser amounts of mannose. 27902317 7 15 theme mannose 865:871 arg1 sugars 813:818 The whole-cell sugars 798:818 The whole-cell sugars 798:818 The whole-cell sugars were galactose, ribose and lesser amounts of mannose. 27902317 5 16 contain had 574:576 arg2 similarity 609:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 5 16 contain had 574:576 arg1 strain 558:563 strain AK20-18T 558:572 strain AK20-18T 558:572 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 14 17 theme type 1491:1494 arg1 strain 1496:1501 The type strain 1487:1501 The type strain of Psychromicrobium 1487:1521 The type strain of Psychromicrobium silvestregen. 27902317 4 18 theme gene 419:422 arg1 % 489:489 100 % 485:489 100 % 485:489 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 4 18 theme gene 419:422 arg1 similarity 433:442 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 406:442 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 406:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 6 19 theme peptidoglycan 702:714 arg1 structure 716:724 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure 688:724 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T 688:743 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T was of the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 (A11.27). 27902317 9 20 theme unknown 1091:1097 arg1 glycolipids 1099:1109 unknown glycolipids 1091:1109 unknown glycolipids 1091:1109 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. 27902317 12 21 theme Combined 1254:1261 arg1 data 1263:1266 Combined data 1254:1266 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1254:1322 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 7 22 theme whole-cell 802:811 arg1 galactose 825:833 galactose 825:833 galactose 825:833 The whole-cell sugars were galactose, ribose and lesser amounts of mannose. 27902317 7 22 theme whole-cell 802:811 arg1 sugars 813:818 The whole-cell sugars 798:818 The whole-cell sugars 798:818 The whole-cell sugars were galactose, ribose and lesser amounts of mannose. 27902317 4 23 theme rRNA 414:417 arg1 % 489:489 100 % 485:489 100 % 485:489 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 4 23 theme rRNA 414:417 arg1 similarity 433:442 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 406:442 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 406:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 12 24 theme phylogenetic 1271:1282 arg1 analyses 1315:1322 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1271:1322 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1271:1322 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 3 25 theme 5-30 °C 346:352 arg1 range 337:341 a temperature range 323:341 a temperature range of 5-30 °C 323:352 Growth occurred at a temperature range of 5-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902317 12 26 theme chemotaxonomic 1300:1313 arg1 analyses 1315:1322 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1271:1322 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1271:1322 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 2 27 theme non-motile 127:136 arg1 AM20-54 225:231 AM20-54 225:231 AM20-54 225:231 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 27 theme non-motile 127:136 arg1 bacteria 191:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria 102:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria 102:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 27 theme non-motile 127:136 arg1 AK20-18T 212:219 AK20-18T 212:219 AK20-18T 212:219 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 5 28 theme highest 578:584 arg1 similarity 609:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 5 29 theme 16S 523:525 arg1 rRNA 527:530 16S rRNA 523:530 16S rRNA gene sequence 523:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 2 30 theme catalase-positive 139:155 arg1 AM20-54 225:231 AM20-54 225:231 AM20-54 225:231 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 30 theme catalase-positive 139:155 arg1 bacteria 191:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria 102:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria 102:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 30 theme catalase-positive 139:155 arg1 AK20-18T 212:219 AK20-18T 212:219 AK20-18T 212:219 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 3 31 theme % 392:392 arg1 NaCl 400:403 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 388:403 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 388:403 Growth occurred at a temperature range of 5-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902317 12 32 theme analyses 1315:1322 arg1 data 1263:1266 Combined data 1254:1266 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1254:1322 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 5 33 theme 16S 586:588 arg1 similarity 609:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 578:618 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 5 34 theme rRNA 527:530 arg1 sequence 537:544 16S rRNA gene sequence 523:544 16S rRNA gene sequence 523:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 1 35 theme alpine 81:86 arg1 soils 95:99 alpine forest soils 81:99 alpine forest soils 81:99 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soils. 27902317 8 36 dep menaquinone 927:937 arg1 H2 951:952 H2 951:952 H2 951:952 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 8 36 dep menaquinone 927:937 arg1 H2 941:942 H2 941:942 H2 941:942 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 8 36 dep menaquinone 927:937 arg1 whereas 957:963 whereas 957:963 whereas 957:963 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 6 37 theme strain 729:734 arg1 AK20-18T 736:743 strain AK20-18T 729:743 strain AK20-18T 729:743 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T was of the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 (A11.27). 27902317 5 38 theme gene 532:535 arg1 sequence 537:544 16S rRNA gene sequence 523:544 16S rRNA gene sequence 523:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 1 39 theme forest 88:93 arg1 soils 95:99 alpine forest soils 81:99 alpine forest soils 81:99 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soils. 27902317 8 40 theme strains 915:921 arg1 quinone 896:902 The major respiratory quinone 874:902 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains 874:921 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 8 40 theme strains 915:921 arg1 menaquinone 927:937 menaquinone 9 927:939 menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)] 927:954 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 0 41 theme gen. 27:30 arg1 sp 38:39 sp 38:39 sp 38:39 Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 0 41 theme gen. 27:30 arg1 nov. 32:35 gen. nov. 27:35 gen. nov. 27:35 Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 1 42 attach isolated 67:74 arg1 soils 95:99 alpine forest soils 81:99 alpine forest soils 81:99 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soils. 27902317 1 42 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 actinobacterium 51:65 an actinobacterium 48:65 an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soils 48:99 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soils. 27902317 8 43 theme major 878:882 arg1 quinone 896:902 The major respiratory quinone 874:902 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains 874:921 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 8 43 theme major 878:882 arg1 menaquinone 927:937 menaquinone 9 927:939 menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)] 927:954 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 12 44 theme novel 1383:1387 arg1 genus 1389:1393 a novel genus 1381:1393 a novel genus 1381:1393 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 11 45 theme G+C 1227:1229 arg1 % 1251:1251 59.9 mol% 1243:1251 59.9 mol% 1243:1251 The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. 27902317 11 45 theme G+C 1227:1229 arg1 content 1231:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content 1211:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content 1211:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. 27902317 5 46 theme psychrochitiniphilus 657:676 arg1 strain 634:639 the type strain 625:639 the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %) 625:685 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 2 47 theme oxidase-negative 174:189 arg1 AM20-54 225:231 AM20-54 225:231 AM20-54 225:231 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 47 theme oxidase-negative 174:189 arg1 bacteria 191:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria 102:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria 102:198 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 2 47 theme oxidase-negative 174:189 arg1 AK20-18T 212:219 AK20-18T 212:219 AK20-18T 212:219 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 3 48 dep % 392:392 arg1 w/v 395:397 w/v 395:397 w/v 395:397 Growth occurred at a temperature range of 5-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902317 10 49 theme fatty 1131:1135 arg1 anteiso-C15  1148:1159 anteiso-C15  1148:1159 anteiso-C15  1148:1159 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 10 49 theme fatty 1131:1135 arg1 acids 1137:1141 The major cellular fatty acids 1112:1141 The major cellular fatty acids 1112:1141 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 3 50 theme NaCl 400:403 arg1 presence 376:383 the presence 372:383 the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 372:403 Growth occurred at a temperature range of 5-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902317 3 51 theme 0-5  388:391 arg1 % 392:392 % 392:392 % 392:392 Growth occurred at a temperature range of 5-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902317 12 52 dep strains 1342:1348 arg1 AM20-54 1363:1369 AM20-54 1363:1369 AM20-54 1363:1369 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 12 52 dep strains 1342:1348 arg1 AK20-18T 1350:1357 AK20-18T 1350:1357 AK20-18T 1350:1357 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 12 52 dep strains 1342:1348 arg1 strains 1342:1348 strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 1342:1369 strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 1342:1369 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 10 53 theme major 1116:1120 arg1 anteiso-C15  1148:1159 anteiso-C15  1148:1159 anteiso-C15  1148:1159 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 10 53 theme major 1116:1120 arg1 acids 1137:1141 The major cellular fatty acids 1112:1141 The major cellular fatty acids 1112:1141 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 4 54 theme 16S 410:412 arg1 % 489:489 100 % 485:489 100 % 485:489 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 4 54 theme 16S 410:412 arg1 similarity 433:442 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 406:442 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 406:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 11 55 theme genomic 1215:1221 arg1 % 1251:1251 59.9 mol% 1243:1251 59.9 mol% 1243:1251 The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. 27902317 11 55 theme genomic 1215:1221 arg1 content 1231:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content 1211:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content 1211:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. 27902317 12 56 theme gen. 1454:1457 arg1 nov. 1459:1462 the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov. 1418:1462 the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov. 1418:1462 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 8 57 theme minor 981:985 arg1 component 987:995 a minor component 979:995 a minor component 979:995 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 8 57 theme minor 981:985 arg1 MK-10 965:969 MK-10 965:969 MK-10(H2) 965:973 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 2 58 theme cytochrome 161:170 arg1 c 172:172 cytochrome c 161:172 cytochrome c 161:172 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 5 59 theme Phylogenetic 492:503 arg1 analysis 505:512 Phylogenetic analysis 492:512 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence 492:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 1 60 dep actinobacterium 51:65 arg1 nov. 42:45 nov. 42:45 nov. 42:45 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soils. 27902317 11 61 theme DNA 1223:1225 arg1 % 1251:1251 59.9 mol% 1243:1251 59.9 mol% 1243:1251 The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. 27902317 11 61 theme DNA 1223:1225 arg1 content 1231:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content 1211:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content 1211:1237 The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. 27902317 4 62 dep strains 452:458 arg1 strains 452:458 strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 452:479 strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 452:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 4 62 dep strains 452:458 arg1 AM20-54 473:479 AM20-54 473:479 AM20-54 473:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 4 62 dep strains 452:458 arg1 AK20-18T 460:467 AK20-18T 460:467 AK20-18T 460:467 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 was 100 %. 27902317 6 63 theme cell-wall 692:700 arg1 structure 716:724 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure 688:724 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T 688:743 The cell-wall peptidoglycan structure of strain AK20-18T was of the type A3alpha l-Lys-l-Thr-l-Ala2 (A11.27). 27902317 5 64 theme type 629:632 arg1 strain 634:639 the type strain 625:639 the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %) 625:685 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AK20-18T had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus (96.9 %). 27902317 9 65 theme polar 1002:1006 arg1 lipids 1008:1013 The polar lipids 998:1013 The polar lipids 998:1013 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. 27902317 9 65 theme polar 1002:1006 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1020:1041 diphosphatidylglycerol 1020:1041 diphosphatidylglycerol 1020:1041 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. 27902317 2 66 theme soil 260:263 arg1 samples 265:271 forest soil samples 253:271 forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps 253:301 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 16 67 theme =DSM 1565:1568 arg1 29369T 1582:1587 =DSM 102047T=LMG 29369T 1565:1587 =DSM 102047T=LMG 29369T 1565:1587 nov. is AK20-18T (=DSM 102047T=LMG 29369T). 27902317 16 67 theme =DSM 1565:1568 arg1 AK20-18T 1555:1562 AK20-18T 1555:1562 AK20-18T (=DSM 102047T=LMG 29369T) 1555:1588 nov. is AK20-18T (=DSM 102047T=LMG 29369T). 27902317 3 68 theme temperature 325:335 arg1 range 337:341 a temperature range 323:341 a temperature range of 5-30 °C 323:352 Growth occurred at a temperature range of 5-30 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902317 10 69 dep anteiso-C15  1148:1159 arg1  0 1161:1162  0 1161:1162  0 1161:1162 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 10 69 dep anteiso-C15  1148:1159 arg1  0 1187:1188  0 1187:1188  0 1187:1188 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 10 69 dep anteiso-C15  1148:1159 arg1  0 1174:1175  0 1174:1175  0 1174:1175 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 10 69 dep anteiso-C15  1148:1159 arg1  0 1207:1208  0 1207:1208  0 1207:1208 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 10 69 dep anteiso-C15  1148:1159 arg1 anteiso-C17  1194:1205 anteiso-C17  1194:1205 anteiso-C17  1194:1205 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902317 2 70 theme forest 253:258 arg1 samples 265:271 forest soil samples 253:271 forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps 253:301 Two Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, catalase-positive and cytochrome c oxidase-negative bacteria, designated AK20-18T and AM20-54, were isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Italian Alps. 27902317 8 71 theme respiratory 884:894 arg1 quinone 896:902 The major respiratory quinone 874:902 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains 874:921 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 8 71 theme respiratory 884:894 arg1 menaquinone 927:937 menaquinone 9 927:939 menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)] 927:954 The major respiratory quinone of the two strains was menaquinone 9(H2) [MK-9(H2)], whereas MK-10(H2) was a minor component. 27902317 7 72 theme lesser 847:852 arg1 mannose 865:871 mannose 865:871 mannose 865:871 The whole-cell sugars were galactose, ribose and lesser amounts of mannose. 27902317 7 72 theme lesser 847:852 arg1 amounts 854:860 lesser amounts 847:860 lesser amounts of mannose 847:871 The whole-cell sugars were galactose, ribose and lesser amounts of mannose. 27902317 12 73 theme silvestre 1444:1452 arg1 nov. 1459:1462 the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov. 1418:1462 the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov. 1418:1462 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 16 74 theme 102047T=LMG 1570:1580 arg1 29369T 1582:1587 =DSM 102047T=LMG 29369T 1565:1587 =DSM 102047T=LMG 29369T 1565:1587 nov. is AK20-18T (=DSM 102047T=LMG 29369T). 27902317 16 74 theme 102047T=LMG 1570:1580 arg1 AK20-18T 1555:1562 AK20-18T 1555:1562 AK20-18T (=DSM 102047T=LMG 29369T) 1555:1588 nov. is AK20-18T (=DSM 102047T=LMG 29369T). 27902317 12 75 dep sp 1465:1466 arg1 nov. 1459:1462 the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov. 1418:1462 the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov. 1418:1462 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 12 76 theme name 1422:1425 arg1 nov. 1459:1462 the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov. 1418:1462 the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov. 1418:1462 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27902317 12 77 theme Psychromicrobium 1427:1442 arg1 nov. 1459:1462 the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov. 1418:1462 the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov. 1418:1462 Combined data of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that strains AK20-18T and AM20-54 represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. 27349661 3 0 theme strain 616:621 arg1 5MT 623:625 strain 5MT 616:625 strain 5MT 616:625 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 9 1 theme phylogenetic 1254:1265 arg1 tests 1280:1284 phylogenetic, biochemical tests 1254:1284 phylogenetic, biochemical tests 1254:1284 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 10 2 theme 29101T = CGMCC 1564:1577 arg1 1.15385T 1579:1586 =KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T 1545:1586 =KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T 1545:1586 The type strain is 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T). 27349661 10 2 theme 29101T = CGMCC 1564:1577 arg1 5MT 1540:1542 5MT 1540:1542 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T) 1540:1587 The type strain is 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T). 27349661 3 3 with relatedness 601:611 arg1 26930T 731:736 M. tarijensis LMG 26930T 713:736 M. tarijensis LMG 26930T 713:736 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 3 3 with relatedness 601:611 arg1 17439T 702:707 M. halophilus LMG 17439T 684:707 M. halophilus LMG 17439T 684:707 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 3 3 with relatedness 601:611 arg1 19045T 676:681 M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T 655:681 M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T 655:681 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 3 3 with relatedness 601:611 arg1 13214T 647:652 M. luteus KCTC 13214T 632:652 M. luteus KCTC 13214T 632:652 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 3 4 theme tarijensis 716:725 arg1 26930T 731:736 M. tarijensis LMG 26930T 713:736 M. tarijensis LMG 26930T 713:736 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 7 5 theme predominant 1108:1118 arg1 MK-7 1143:1146 MK-7 1143:1146 MK-7 1143:1146 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 27349661 7 5 theme predominant 1108:1118 arg1 quinone 1131:1137 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1104:1137 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1104:1137 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 27349661 3 6 theme DNA-DNA 593:599 arg1 relatedness 601:611 the DNA-DNA relatedness 589:611 the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T 589:736 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 3 6 theme DNA-DNA 593:599 arg1 % 792:792 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 % 742:792 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 % 742:792 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 10 7 theme type 1525:1528 arg1 5MT 1540:1542 5MT 1540:1542 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T) 1540:1587 The type strain is 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T). 27349661 10 7 theme type 1525:1528 arg1 strain 1530:1535 The type strain 1521:1535 The type strain 1521:1535 The type strain is 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T). 27349661 1 8 theme anaerobic 149:157 arg1 5MT 199:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT was isolated from Surajbari in India. 27349661 3 9 theme LMG 727:729 arg1 26930T 731:736 M. tarijensis LMG 26930T 713:736 M. tarijensis LMG 26930T 713:736 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 0 10 theme salt 80:83 arg1 marsh 85:89 a salt marsh 78:89 a salt marsh 78:89 Marinococcus salis sp., nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt marsh. 27349661 10 11 theme 33743T = LMG 1551:1562 arg1 1.15385T 1579:1586 =KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T 1545:1586 =KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T 1545:1586 The type strain is 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T). 27349661 10 11 theme 33743T = LMG 1551:1562 arg1 5MT 1540:1542 5MT 1540:1542 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T) 1540:1587 The type strain is 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T). 27349661 2 12 theme gene 263:266 arg1 analysis 277:284 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 250:284 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 250:284 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 9 13 theme chemotaxonomic 1290:1303 arg1 results 1243:1249 The results 1239:1249 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic 1239:1303 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 3 14 theme M. 632:633 arg1 13214T 647:652 M. luteus KCTC 13214T 632:652 M. luteus KCTC 13214T 632:652 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 9 15 theme novel 1419:1423 arg1 member 1425:1430 a novel member 1417:1430 a novel member of the genus Marinococcus 1417:1456 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 2 16 theme rRNA 258:261 arg1 analysis 277:284 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 250:284 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 250:284 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 9 17 theme strain 1340:1345 arg1 5MT 1347:1349 strain 5MT 1340:1349 strain 5MT 1340:1349 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 3 18 theme M. 713:714 arg1 26930T 731:736 M. tarijensis LMG 26930T 713:736 M. tarijensis LMG 26930T 713:736 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 2 19 dep Marinococcus 487:498 arg1 halophilus 500:509 halophilus 500:509 halophilus 500:509 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 3 20 theme luteus 635:640 arg1 13214T 647:652 M. luteus KCTC 13214T 632:652 M. luteus KCTC 13214T 632:652 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 2 21 theme Marinococcus 376:387 arg1 KCTC 396:399 Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T 376:406 Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T 376:406 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 22 theme 16S 254:256 arg1 analysis 277:284 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 250:284 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 250:284 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 23 theme KCTC 465:468 arg1 19045T 470:475 Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T 439:475 Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %) 439:484 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 23 theme KCTC 465:468 arg1 % 483:483 99.0 % 478:483 99.0 % 478:483 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 3 24 theme 5MT 623:625 arg1 relatedness 601:611 the DNA-DNA relatedness 589:611 the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T 589:736 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 3 24 theme 5MT 623:625 arg1 % 792:792 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 % 742:792 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 % 742:792 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 2 25 theme LMG 559:561 arg1 % 576:576 98.7 % 571:576 98.7 % 571:576 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 25 theme LMG 559:561 arg1 26930T 563:568 Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T 535:568 Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %) 535:577 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 8 26 theme predominant 1215:1225 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1184:1196 anteiso-C15:0 1184:1196 anteiso-C15:0 (40.9 %) 1184:1205 DNA G+C content was 48.9 mol%, and anteiso-C15:0 (40.9 %) was the predominant fatty acid. 27349661 8 26 theme predominant 1215:1225 arg1 acid 1233:1236 the predominant fatty acid 1211:1236 the predominant fatty acid 1211:1236 DNA G+C content was 48.9 mol%, and anteiso-C15:0 (40.9 %) was the predominant fatty acid. 27349661 6 27 theme Polar 954:958 arg1 lipids 960:965 Polar lipids 954:965 Polar lipids of the strain 5MT 954:983 Polar lipids of the strain 5MT include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and two unknown lipids. 27349661 1 28 theme motile 160:165 arg1 5MT 199:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT was isolated from Surajbari in India. 27349661 9 29 dep phylogenetic 1254:1265 arg1 biochemical 1268:1278 biochemical 1268:1278 biochemical 1268:1278 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 9 30 dep Marinococcus 1478:1489 arg1 sp. 1497:1499 sp. 1497:1499 sp. 1497:1499 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 8 31 theme DNA 1149:1151 arg1 content 1157:1163 DNA G+C content 1149:1163 DNA G+C content 1149:1163 DNA G+C content was 48.9 mol%, and anteiso-C15:0 (40.9 %) was the predominant fatty acid. 27349661 2 32 dep Marinococcus 535:546 arg1 tarijensis 548:557 tarijensis 548:557 tarijensis 548:557 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 9 33 theme nearest 1367:1373 arg1 neighbours 1388:1397 its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1363:1397 its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1363:1397 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 2 34 theme Marinococcus 535:546 arg1 % 576:576 98.7 % 571:576 98.7 % 571:576 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 34 theme Marinococcus 535:546 arg1 26930T 563:568 Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T 535:568 Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %) 535:577 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 9 35 theme genus 1439:1443 arg1 Marinococcus 1445:1456 the genus Marinococcus 1435:1456 the genus Marinococcus 1435:1456 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 8 36 theme G+C 1153:1155 arg1 content 1157:1163 DNA G+C content 1149:1163 DNA G+C content 1149:1163 DNA G+C content was 48.9 mol%, and anteiso-C15:0 (40.9 %) was the predominant fatty acid. 27349661 1 37 theme halophilic 171:180 arg1 5MT 199:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT was isolated from Surajbari in India. 27349661 3 38 theme M. 655:656 arg1 19045T 676:681 M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T 655:681 M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T 655:681 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 2 39 theme Marinococcus 487:498 arg1 17439T 515:520 Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T 487:520 Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) 487:529 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 39 theme Marinococcus 487:498 arg1 % 528:528 98.8 % 523:528 98.8 % 523:528 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 4 40 dep % 841:841 arg1 w/v 844:846 w/v 844:846 w/v 844:846 Strain 5MT grows optimally at 5 % (w/v) NaCl, pH 7.5-8.5 and 37 °C. 27349661 9 41 theme Marinococcus 1445:1456 arg1 member 1425:1430 a novel member 1417:1430 a novel member of the genus Marinococcus 1417:1456 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 2 42 theme luteus 389:394 arg1 KCTC 396:399 Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T 376:406 Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T 376:406 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 5 43 contain contains 919:926 arg1 peptidoglycan 891:903 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 877:903 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 5MT 877:917 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 5MT contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27349661 5 43 contain contains 919:926 arg2 acid 948:951 meso-diaminopimelic acid 928:951 meso-diaminopimelic acid 928:951 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 5MT contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27349661 3 44 theme KCTC 642:645 arg1 13214T 647:652 M. luteus KCTC 13214T 632:652 M. luteus KCTC 13214T 632:652 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 8 45 theme fatty 1227:1231 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1184:1196 anteiso-C15:0 1184:1196 anteiso-C15:0 (40.9 %) 1184:1205 DNA G+C content was 48.9 mol%, and anteiso-C15:0 (40.9 %) was the predominant fatty acid. 27349661 8 45 theme fatty 1227:1231 arg1 acid 1233:1236 the predominant fatty acid 1211:1236 the predominant fatty acid 1211:1236 DNA G+C content was 48.9 mol%, and anteiso-C15:0 (40.9 %) was the predominant fatty acid. 27349661 2 46 theme sequence 268:275 arg1 analysis 277:284 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 250:284 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 250:284 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 1 47 theme strain 192:197 arg1 5MT 199:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT was isolated from Surajbari in India. 27349661 5 48 theme meso-diaminopimelic 928:946 arg1 acid 948:951 meso-diaminopimelic acid 928:951 meso-diaminopimelic acid 928:951 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 5MT contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27349661 8 49 theme 48.9 mol 1169:1176 arg1 % 1177:1177 48.9 mol% 1169:1177 48.9 mol% 1169:1177 DNA G+C content was 48.9 mol%, and anteiso-C15:0 (40.9 %) was the predominant fatty acid. 27349661 2 50 theme sequence 417:424 arg1 % 414:414 99.3 % 409:414 99.3 % 409:414 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 50 theme sequence 417:424 arg1 similarity 426:435 sequence similarity 417:435 sequence similarity 417:435 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 1 51 attach isolated 207:214 arg1 Surajbari 221:229 Surajbari 221:229 Surajbari 221:229 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT was isolated from Surajbari in India. 27349661 1 51 attach isolated 207:214 arg2 5MT 199:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT was isolated from Surajbari in India. 27349661 9 52 theme tests 1280:1284 arg1 results 1243:1249 The results 1239:1249 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic 1239:1303 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 4 53 theme 5  839:840 arg1 % 841:841 % 841:841 % 841:841 Strain 5MT grows optimally at 5 % (w/v) NaCl, pH 7.5-8.5 and 37 °C. 27349661 2 54 theme Marinococcus 439:450 arg1 19045T 470:475 Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T 439:475 Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %) 439:484 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 54 theme Marinococcus 439:450 arg1 % 483:483 99.0 % 478:483 99.0 % 478:483 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 10 55 theme =KCTC 1545:1549 arg1 1.15385T 1579:1586 =KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T 1545:1586 =KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T 1545:1586 The type strain is 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T). 27349661 10 55 theme =KCTC 1545:1549 arg1 5MT 1540:1542 5MT 1540:1542 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T) 1540:1587 The type strain is 5MT (=KCTC 33743T = LMG 29101T = CGMCC 1.15385T). 27349661 9 56 theme phylogenetic 1375:1386 arg1 neighbours 1388:1397 its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1363:1397 its nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1363:1397 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 3 57 theme halotolerans 658:669 arg1 19045T 676:681 M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T 655:681 M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T 655:681 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 4 58 theme Strain 809:814 arg1 5MT 816:818 Strain 5MT 809:818 Strain 5MT 809:818 Strain 5MT grows optimally at 5 % (w/v) NaCl, pH 7.5-8.5 and 37 °C. 27349661 5 59 theme cell-wall 881:889 arg1 peptidoglycan 891:903 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 877:903 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 5MT 877:917 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 5MT contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27349661 9 60 theme 5MT 1347:1349 arg1 differentiation 1321:1335 a clear differentiation 1313:1335 a clear differentiation of strain 5MT 1313:1349 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 1 61 theme novel 94:98 arg1 5MT 199:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT was isolated from Surajbari in India. 27349661 4 62 theme % 841:841 arg1 NaCl 849:852 5 % (w/v) NaCl 839:852 5 % (w/v) NaCl 839:852 Strain 5MT grows optimally at 5 % (w/v) NaCl, pH 7.5-8.5 and 37 °C. 27349661 3 63 theme KCTC 671:674 arg1 19045T 676:681 M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T 655:681 M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T 655:681 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 2 64 theme LMG 511:513 arg1 17439T 515:520 Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T 487:520 Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) 487:529 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 64 theme LMG 511:513 arg1 % 528:528 98.8 % 523:528 98.8 % 523:528 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 9 65 theme Marinococcus 1478:1489 arg1 nov. 1502:1505 nov. 1502:1505 nov. 1502:1505 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 9 65 theme Marinococcus 1478:1489 arg1 name 1473:1476 the name 1469:1476 the name Marinococcus salis sp. 1469:1499 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 2 66 dep related 365:371 arg1 19045T 470:475 Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T 439:475 Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %) 439:484 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 66 dep related 365:371 arg1 % 576:576 98.7 % 571:576 98.7 % 571:576 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 66 dep related 365:371 arg1 17439T 515:520 Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T 487:520 Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) 487:529 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 66 dep related 365:371 arg1 % 483:483 99.0 % 478:483 99.0 % 478:483 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 66 dep related 365:371 arg1 % 414:414 99.3 % 409:414 99.3 % 409:414 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 66 dep related 365:371 arg1 26930T 563:568 Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T 535:568 Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %) 535:577 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 66 dep related 365:371 arg1 % 528:528 98.8 % 523:528 98.8 % 523:528 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 2 66 dep related 365:371 arg1 similarity 426:435 sequence similarity 417:435 sequence similarity 417:435 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 1 67 theme Gram-stain-positive 100:118 arg1 5MT 199:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT was isolated from Surajbari in India. 27349661 3 68 theme LMG 698:700 arg1 17439T 702:707 M. halophilus LMG 17439T 684:707 M. halophilus LMG 17439T 684:707 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 2 69 dep Marinococcus 439:450 arg1 halotolerans 452:463 halotolerans 452:463 halotolerans 452:463 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 5 70 theme strain 908:913 arg1 5MT 915:917 strain 5MT 908:917 strain 5MT 908:917 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 5MT contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27349661 6 71 theme strain 974:979 arg1 5MT 981:983 the strain 5MT 970:983 the strain 5MT 970:983 Polar lipids of the strain 5MT include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and two unknown lipids. 27349661 6 72 theme 5MT 981:983 arg1 lipids 960:965 Polar lipids 954:965 Polar lipids of the strain 5MT 954:983 Polar lipids of the strain 5MT include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and two unknown lipids. 27349661 7 73 theme isoprenoid 1120:1129 arg1 MK-7 1143:1146 MK-7 1143:1146 MK-7 1143:1146 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 27349661 7 73 theme isoprenoid 1120:1129 arg1 quinone 1131:1137 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1104:1137 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1104:1137 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 27349661 5 74 theme 5MT 915:917 arg1 peptidoglycan 891:903 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 877:903 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 5MT 877:917 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 5MT contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27349661 6 75 theme unknown 1088:1094 arg1 lipids 1096:1101 two unknown lipids 1084:1101 two unknown lipids 1084:1101 Polar lipids of the strain 5MT include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and two unknown lipids. 27349661 1 76 theme bacterium 182:190 arg1 5MT 199:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT was isolated from Surajbari in India. 27349661 1 77 theme coccoid-shaped 121:134 arg1 5MT 199:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT 92:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile and halophilic bacterium strain 5MT was isolated from Surajbari in India. 27349661 9 78 theme clear 1315:1319 arg1 differentiation 1321:1335 a clear differentiation 1313:1335 a clear differentiation of strain 5MT 1313:1349 The results of phylogenetic, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic allowed a clear differentiation of strain 5MT from all of its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, which represents a novel member of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus salis sp., nov., is proposed. 27349661 3 79 theme M. 684:685 arg1 17439T 702:707 M. halophilus LMG 17439T 684:707 M. halophilus LMG 17439T 684:707 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 27349661 0 80 theme halophilic 43:52 arg1 Marinococcus 0:11 Marinococcus 0:11 Marinococcus 0:11 Marinococcus salis sp., nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt marsh. 27349661 0 80 theme halophilic 43:52 arg1 bacterium 54:62 a moderately halophilic bacterium 30:62 a moderately halophilic bacterium 30:62 Marinococcus salis sp., nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt marsh. 27349661 0 81 dep Marinococcus 0:11 arg1 sp. 19:21 Marinococcus salis sp., nov. 0:27 sp. 19:21 Marinococcus salis sp., nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt marsh. 27349661 0 81 dep Marinococcus 0:11 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 Marinococcus salis sp., nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt marsh. 27349661 2 82 theme genus 325:329 arg1 Marinococcus 331:342 the genus Marinococcus 321:342 the genus Marinococcus 321:342 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as belonging to the genus Marinococcus and was most closely related to Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214T (99.3 %, sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045T (99.0 %), Marinococcus halophilus LMG 17439T (98.8 %) and Marinococcus tarijensis LMG 26930T (98.7 %). 27349661 3 83 theme halophilus 687:696 arg1 17439T 702:707 M. halophilus LMG 17439T 684:707 M. halophilus LMG 17439T 684:707 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 5MT with M. luteus KCTC 13214T, M. halotolerans KCTC 19045T, M. halophilus LMG 17439T and M. tarijensis LMG 26930T was 42.6 ± 0.8, 48.6 ± 0.8, 40.9 ± 0.8 and 39.8 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26354190 5 0 theme 96.8 628:631 arg1 % 648:648 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 % 628:648 % 648:648 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 2 1 theme aerobic 91:97 arg1 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 2 1 theme aerobic 91:97 arg1 strain 142:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 5 2 theme sequence 603:610 arg1 similarities 612:623 rRNA gene sequence similarities 593:623 rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively 593:662 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 11 3 theme analysis 1355:1362 arg1 data 1390:1393 phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1342:1393 phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1342:1393 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 11 3 theme analysis 1355:1362 arg1 characteristics 1297:1311 phenotypic characteristics 1286:1311 phenotypic characteristics 1286:1311 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 6 4 theme JCM 826:828 arg1 14732T 830:835 A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 810:835 A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 810:835 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 4 theme JCM 826:828 arg1 species 746:752 the most closely related species 721:752 the most closely related species 721:752 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 4 5 theme gene 331:334 arg1 sequences 336:344 16S rRNA gene sequences 322:344 16S rRNA gene sequences 322:344 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Aeromicrobium. 26354190 13 6 theme 1.12942T = JCM 1574:1587 arg1 30952T 1589:1594  = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T 1565:1594  = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T 1565:1594 nov., is proposed, with strain YS17T ( = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T) as the type strain. 26354190 13 6 theme 1.12942T = JCM 1574:1587 arg1 YS17T 1558:1562 strain YS17T 1551:1562 strain YS17T ( = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T) as the type strain 1551:1614 nov., is proposed, with strain YS17T ( = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T) as the type strain. 26354190 6 7 theme related 738:744 arg1 14732T 830:835 A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 810:835 A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 810:835 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 7 theme related 738:744 arg1 13518T 799:804 A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T 779:804 A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T 779:804 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 7 theme related 738:744 arg1 8599T 772:776 A. erythreum DSM 8599T 755:776 A. erythreum DSM 8599T 755:776 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 7 theme related 738:744 arg1 species 746:752 the most closely related species 721:752 the most closely related species 721:752 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 8 theme A. 810:811 arg1 14732T 830:835 A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 810:835 A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 810:835 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 8 theme A. 810:811 arg1 species 746:752 the most closely related species 721:752 the most closely related species 721:752 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 3 9 theme strain 208:213 arg1 Growth 194:199 Growth 194:199 Growth of the strain 194:213 Growth of the strain was observed at 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and at pH 5.5-10.5 (optimum 6.0-9.5). 26354190 5 10 dep Aeromicrobium 503:515 arg1 alkaliterrae 517:528 alkaliterrae 517:528 alkaliterrae 517:528 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 6 11 with hybridization 673:685 arg1 strains 710:716 the type strains 701:716 the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, 701:836 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 2 12 theme bacterial 132:140 arg1 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 2 12 theme bacterial 132:140 arg1 strain 142:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 5 13 theme related 446:452 arg1 8599T 496:500 Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T 468:500 Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T 468:500 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 5 13 theme related 446:452 arg1 strains 425:431 The strains 421:431 The strains most closely related to YS17T 421:461 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 13 14 theme strain 1551:1556 arg1 30952T 1589:1594  = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T 1565:1594  = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T 1565:1594 nov., is proposed, with strain YS17T ( = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T) as the type strain. 26354190 13 14 theme strain 1551:1556 arg1 YS17T 1558:1562 strain YS17T 1551:1562 strain YS17T ( = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T) as the type strain 1551:1614 nov., is proposed, with strain YS17T ( = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T) as the type strain. 26354190 5 15 theme rRNA 593:596 arg1 similarities 612:623 rRNA gene sequence similarities 593:623 rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively 593:662 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 11 16 theme DNA-DNA 1368:1374 arg1 hybridization 1376:1388 DNA-DNA hybridization 1368:1388 DNA-DNA hybridization 1368:1388 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 4 17 theme 16S 322:324 arg1 sequences 336:344 16S rRNA gene sequences 322:344 16S rRNA gene sequences 322:344 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Aeromicrobium. 26354190 12 18 dep Aeromicrobium 1499:1511 arg1 camelliae 1513:1521 camelliae 1513:1521 camelliae 1513:1521 On the basis of evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species, Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 5 19 theme % 648:648 arg1 similarities 612:623 rRNA gene sequence similarities 593:623 rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively 593:662 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 2 20 theme Gram-reaction-positive 67:88 arg1 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 2 20 theme Gram-reaction-positive 67:88 arg1 strain 142:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 9 21 theme fatty 1087:1091 arg1 C16  1104:1107 C16  1104:1107 C16  1104:1107 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, 10-methyl C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26354190 9 21 theme fatty 1087:1091 arg1 acids 1093:1097 The major fatty acids 1077:1097 The major fatty acids 1077:1097 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, 10-methyl C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26354190 7 22 theme diamino 922:928 arg1 acid 988:991 ll-diaminopimelic acid 970:991 ll-diaminopimelic acid 970:991 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 26354190 7 22 theme diamino 922:928 arg1 acid 930:933 The diagnostic diamino acid 907:933 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan 907:964 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 26354190 3 23 located observed 219:226 arg1 15-50 °C 231:238 15-50 °C 231:238 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) 231:257 Growth of the strain was observed at 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and at pH 5.5-10.5 (optimum 6.0-9.5). 26354190 3 23 located observed 219:226 arg1 30-37 °C 249:256 optimum 30-37 °C 241:256 optimum 30-37 °C 241:256 Growth of the strain was observed at 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and at pH 5.5-10.5 (optimum 6.0-9.5). 26354190 3 23 located observed 219:226 arg2 Growth 194:199 Growth 194:199 Growth of the strain 194:213 Growth of the strain was observed at 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and at pH 5.5-10.5 (optimum 6.0-9.5). 26354190 7 24 theme wall 947:950 arg1 peptidoglycan 952:964 the cell wall peptidoglycan 938:964 the cell wall peptidoglycan 938:964 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 26354190 2 25 theme er 186:187 arg1 tea 189:191 ripened Pu'er tea 175:191 ripened Pu'er tea 175:191 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 6 26 theme reassociation 846:858 arg1 values 860:865 reassociation values 846:865 reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively 846:904 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 3 27 theme optimum 241:247 arg1 15-50 °C 231:238 15-50 °C 231:238 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) 231:257 Growth of the strain was observed at 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and at pH 5.5-10.5 (optimum 6.0-9.5). 26354190 3 27 theme optimum 241:247 arg1 30-37 °C 249:256 optimum 30-37 °C 241:256 optimum 30-37 °C 241:256 Growth of the strain was observed at 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and at pH 5.5-10.5 (optimum 6.0-9.5). 26354190 11 28 theme phenotypic 1286:1295 arg1 data 1390:1393 phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1342:1393 phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1342:1393 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 11 28 theme phenotypic 1286:1295 arg1 characteristics 1297:1311 phenotypic characteristics 1286:1311 phenotypic characteristics 1286:1311 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 11 28 theme phenotypic 1286:1295 arg1 differences 1329:1339 chemotaxonomic differences 1314:1339 chemotaxonomic differences 1314:1339 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 5 29 theme Aeromicrobium 503:515 arg1 13518T 534:539 Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T 503:539 Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T 503:539 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 5 30 theme Aeromicrobium 468:480 arg1 8599T 496:500 Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T 468:500 Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T 468:500 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 5 30 theme Aeromicrobium 468:480 arg1 strains 425:431 The strains 421:431 The strains most closely related to YS17T 421:461 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 5 31 theme Aeromicrobium 545:557 arg1 14732T 576:581 Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 545:581 Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 545:581 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 12 32 theme Aeromicrobium 1499:1511 arg1 sp 1523:1524 Aeromicrobium camelliae sp 1499:1524 Aeromicrobium camelliae sp 1499:1524 On the basis of evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species, Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 10 33 theme 66 mol 1180:1185 arg1 % 1186:1186 66 mol% 1180:1186 66 mol% 1180:1186 The DNA G+C content of YS17T was 66 mol%. 26354190 10 33 theme 66 mol 1180:1185 arg1 content 1159:1165 The DNA G+C content 1147:1165 The DNA G+C content of YS17T 1147:1174 The DNA G+C content of YS17T was 66 mol%. 26354190 5 34 theme JCM 572:574 arg1 14732T 576:581 Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 545:581 Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 545:581 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 6 35 theme % 890:890 arg1 values 860:865 reassociation values 846:865 reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively 846:904 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 4 36 theme Aeromicrobium 406:418 arg1 member 386:391 a member 384:391 a member of the genus Aeromicrobium 384:418 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Aeromicrobium. 26354190 11 37 theme recognized 1224:1233 arg1 species 1235:1241 recognized species 1224:1241 recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium 1224:1268 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 0 38 theme Aeromicrobium 0:12 arg1 sp 24:25 Aeromicrobium camelliae sp 0:25 Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 0:26 Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 6 39 dep A. 755:756 arg1 erythreum 758:766 erythreum 758:766 erythreum 758:766 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 40 theme JCM 795:797 arg1 13518T 799:804 A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T 779:804 A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T 779:804 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 40 theme JCM 795:797 arg1 species 746:752 the most closely related species 721:752 the most closely related species 721:752 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 2 41 attach isolated 161:168 arg2 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 2 41 attach isolated 161:168 arg2 strain 142:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 2 41 attach isolated 161:168 arg1 tea 189:191 ripened Pu'er tea 175:191 ripened Pu'er tea 175:191 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 11 42 theme genus 1250:1254 arg1 Aeromicrobium 1256:1268 the genus Aeromicrobium 1246:1268 the genus Aeromicrobium 1246:1268 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 8 43 theme predominant 998:1008 arg1 menaquinones 1010:1021 The predominant menaquinones 994:1021 The predominant menaquinones 994:1021 The predominant menaquinones were menaquinone MK-9(H4) (76 %) and MK-8(H4) (17 %). 26354190 8 43 theme predominant 998:1008 arg1 MK-9 1040:1043 menaquinone MK-9 1028:1043 menaquinone MK-9(H4) (76 %) 1028:1054 The predominant menaquinones were menaquinone MK-9(H4) (76 %) and MK-8(H4) (17 %). 26354190 6 44 theme A. 779:780 arg1 13518T 799:804 A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T 779:804 A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T 779:804 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 44 theme A. 779:780 arg1 species 746:752 the most closely related species 721:752 the most closely related species 721:752 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 4 45 theme Phylogenetic 297:308 arg1 analysis 310:317 Phylogenetic analysis 297:317 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 297:344 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Aeromicrobium. 26354190 2 46 theme Pu 183:184 arg1 tea 189:191 ripened Pu'er tea 175:191 ripened Pu'er tea 175:191 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 6 47 theme YS17T 690:694 arg1 hybridization 673:685 DNA-DNA hybridization 665:685 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, 665:836 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 10 48 theme DNA 1151:1153 arg1 % 1186:1186 66 mol% 1180:1186 66 mol% 1180:1186 The DNA G+C content of YS17T was 66 mol%. 26354190 10 48 theme DNA 1151:1153 arg1 content 1159:1165 The DNA G+C content 1147:1165 The DNA G+C content of YS17T 1147:1174 The DNA G+C content of YS17T was 66 mol%. 26354190 12 49 dep study 1476:1480 arg1 species 1490:1496 a novel species 1482:1496 this study a novel species 1471:1496 On the basis of evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species, Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 6 50 dep A. 810:811 arg1 ginsengisoli 813:824 ginsengisoli 813:824 ginsengisoli 813:824 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 13 51 theme type 1604:1607 arg1 strain 1609:1614 the type strain 1600:1614 the type strain 1600:1614 nov., is proposed, with strain YS17T ( = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T) as the type strain. 26354190 5 52 theme gene 598:601 arg1 similarities 612:623 rRNA gene sequence similarities 593:623 rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively 593:662 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 10 53 theme G+C 1155:1157 arg1 % 1186:1186 66 mol% 1180:1186 66 mol% 1180:1186 The DNA G+C content of YS17T was 66 mol%. 26354190 10 53 theme G+C 1155:1157 arg1 content 1159:1165 The DNA G+C content 1147:1165 The DNA G+C content of YS17T 1147:1174 The DNA G+C content of YS17T was 66 mol%. 26354190 4 54 theme sequences 336:344 arg1 analysis 310:317 Phylogenetic analysis 297:317 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 297:344 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Aeromicrobium. 26354190 13 55 theme  = CGMCC 1565:1572 arg1 30952T 1589:1594  = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T 1565:1594  = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T 1565:1594 nov., is proposed, with strain YS17T ( = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T) as the type strain. 26354190 13 55 theme  = CGMCC 1565:1572 arg1 YS17T 1558:1562 strain YS17T 1551:1562 strain YS17T ( = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T) as the type strain 1551:1614 nov., is proposed, with strain YS17T ( = CGMCC 1.12942T = JCM 30952T) as the type strain. 26354190 6 56 theme species 746:752 arg1 strains 710:716 the type strains 701:716 the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, 701:836 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 11 57 theme phylogenetic 1342:1353 arg1 analysis 1355:1362 phylogenetic analysis 1342:1362 phylogenetic analysis 1342:1362 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 2 58 theme rod-shaped 121:130 arg1 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 2 58 theme rod-shaped 121:130 arg1 strain 142:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 4 59 theme rRNA 326:329 arg1 sequences 336:344 16S rRNA gene sequences 322:344 16S rRNA gene sequences 322:344 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Aeromicrobium. 26354190 5 60 dep Aeromicrobium 468:480 arg1 erythreum 482:490 erythreum 482:490 erythreum 482:490 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 12 61 dep sp 1523:1524 arg1 evidence 1412:1419 evidence 1412:1419 evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species 1412:1496 On the basis of evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species, Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 7 62 theme ll-diaminopimelic 970:986 arg1 acid 930:933 The diagnostic diamino acid 907:933 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan 907:964 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 26354190 7 62 theme ll-diaminopimelic 970:986 arg1 acid 988:991 ll-diaminopimelic acid 970:991 ll-diaminopimelic acid 970:991 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 26354190 11 63 theme hybridization 1376:1388 arg1 data 1390:1393 phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1342:1393 phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1342:1393 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 11 63 theme hybridization 1376:1388 arg1 characteristics 1297:1311 phenotypic characteristics 1286:1311 phenotypic characteristics 1286:1311 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 12 64 theme polyphasic 1430:1439 arg1 analyses 1441:1448 the polyphasic analyses 1426:1448 the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species 1426:1496 On the basis of evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species, Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 12 65 from analyses 1441:1448 arg1 evidence 1412:1419 evidence 1412:1419 evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species 1412:1496 On the basis of evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species, Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 7 66 theme peptidoglycan 952:964 arg1 acid 988:991 ll-diaminopimelic acid 970:991 ll-diaminopimelic acid 970:991 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 26354190 7 66 theme peptidoglycan 952:964 arg1 acid 930:933 The diagnostic diamino acid 907:933 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan 907:964 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 26354190 9 67 theme major 1081:1085 arg1 C16  1104:1107 C16  1104:1107 C16  1104:1107 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, 10-methyl C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26354190 9 67 theme major 1081:1085 arg1 acids 1093:1097 The major fatty acids 1077:1097 The major fatty acids 1077:1097 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, 10-methyl C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 26354190 4 68 theme genus 400:404 arg1 Aeromicrobium 406:418 the genus Aeromicrobium 396:418 the genus Aeromicrobium 396:418 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Aeromicrobium. 26354190 2 69 theme novel 61:65 arg1 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 2 69 theme novel 61:65 arg1 strain 142:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 7 70 theme cell 942:945 arg1 peptidoglycan 952:964 the cell wall peptidoglycan 938:964 the cell wall peptidoglycan 938:964 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 26354190 5 71 theme 96.7  643:647 arg1 % 648:648 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 % 628:648 % 648:648 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 7 72 theme diagnostic 911:920 arg1 acid 988:991 ll-diaminopimelic acid 970:991 ll-diaminopimelic acid 970:991 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 26354190 7 72 theme diagnostic 911:920 arg1 acid 930:933 The diagnostic diamino acid 907:933 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan 907:964 The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 26354190 3 73 theme optimum 279:285 arg1 pH 5.5-10.5 266:276 pH 5.5-10.5 266:276 pH 5.5-10.5 266:276 Growth of the strain was observed at 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and at pH 5.5-10.5 (optimum 6.0-9.5). 26354190 3 73 theme optimum 279:285 arg1 6.0-9.5 287:293 optimum 6.0-9.5 279:293 optimum 6.0-9.5 279:293 Growth of the strain was observed at 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and at pH 5.5-10.5 (optimum 6.0-9.5). 26354190 11 74 theme chemotaxonomic 1314:1327 arg1 characteristics 1297:1311 phenotypic characteristics 1286:1311 phenotypic characteristics 1286:1311 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 11 74 theme chemotaxonomic 1314:1327 arg1 differences 1329:1339 chemotaxonomic differences 1314:1339 chemotaxonomic differences 1314:1339 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 12 75 theme novel 1484:1488 arg1 species 1490:1496 a novel species 1482:1496 this study a novel species 1471:1496 On the basis of evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species, Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 5 76 theme ginsengisoli 559:570 arg1 14732T 576:581 Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 545:581 Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T 545:581 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 1 77 theme er 51:52 arg1 tea 54:56 Pu'er tea 48:56 Pu'er tea 48:56 nov., isolated from Pu'er tea. 26354190 11 78 dep characteristics 1297:1311 arg1 the 1273:1275 the 1273:1275 the 1273:1275 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 11 78 dep characteristics 1297:1311 arg1 basis 1277:1281 basis 1277:1281 basis 1277:1281 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 0 79 theme camelliae 14:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Aeromicrobium camelliae sp 0:25 Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 0:26 Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 5 80 theme JCM 530:532 arg1 13518T 534:539 Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T 503:539 Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T 503:539 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 12 81 theme study 1476:1480 arg1 part 1463:1466 part 1463:1466 part of this study a novel species 1463:1496 On the basis of evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species, Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 11 82 theme Aeromicrobium 1256:1268 arg1 species 1235:1241 recognized species 1224:1241 recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium 1224:1268 YS17T could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Aeromicrobium on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 26354190 6 83 dep A. 779:780 arg1 alkaliterrae 782:793 alkaliterrae 782:793 alkaliterrae 782:793 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 84 theme type 705:708 arg1 strains 710:716 the type strains 701:716 the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, 701:836 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 8 85 theme menaquinone 1028:1038 arg1 H4 1045:1046 H4 1045:1046 H4 1045:1046 The predominant menaquinones were menaquinone MK-9(H4) (76 %) and MK-8(H4) (17 %). 26354190 8 85 theme menaquinone 1028:1038 arg1 menaquinones 1010:1021 The predominant menaquinones 994:1021 The predominant menaquinones 994:1021 The predominant menaquinones were menaquinone MK-9(H4) (76 %) and MK-8(H4) (17 %). 26354190 8 85 theme menaquinone 1028:1038 arg1 MK-9 1040:1043 menaquinone MK-9 1028:1043 menaquinone MK-9(H4) (76 %) 1028:1054 The predominant menaquinones were menaquinone MK-9(H4) (76 %) and MK-8(H4) (17 %). 26354190 8 85 theme menaquinone 1028:1038 arg1 % 1053:1053 76 % 1050:1053 76 % 1050:1053 The predominant menaquinones were menaquinone MK-9(H4) (76 %) and MK-8(H4) (17 %). 26354190 12 86 dep evidence 1412:1419 arg1 basis 1403:1407 basis 1403:1407 basis 1403:1407 On the basis of evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species, Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 12 86 dep evidence 1412:1419 arg1 the 1399:1401 the 1399:1401 the 1399:1401 On the basis of evidence from the polyphasic analyses performed as part of this study a novel species, Aeromicrobium camelliae sp. 26354190 6 87 theme DSM 768:770 arg1 8599T 772:776 A. erythreum DSM 8599T 755:776 A. erythreum DSM 8599T 755:776 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 87 theme DSM 768:770 arg1 species 746:752 the most closely related species 721:752 the most closely related species 721:752 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 2 88 theme ripened 175:181 arg1 tea 189:191 ripened Pu'er tea 175:191 ripened Pu'er tea 175:191 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 5 89 theme DSM 492:494 arg1 8599T 496:500 Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T 468:500 Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T 468:500 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 5 89 theme DSM 492:494 arg1 strains 425:431 The strains 421:431 The strains most closely related to YS17T 421:461 The strains most closely related to YS17T were Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T, Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.8 and 96.7 %, respectively. 26354190 10 90 theme YS17T 1170:1174 arg1 % 1186:1186 66 mol% 1180:1186 66 mol% 1180:1186 The DNA G+C content of YS17T was 66 mol%. 26354190 10 90 theme YS17T 1170:1174 arg1 content 1159:1165 The DNA G+C content 1147:1165 The DNA G+C content of YS17T 1147:1174 The DNA G+C content of YS17T was 66 mol%. 26354190 6 91 theme A. 755:756 arg1 8599T 772:776 A. erythreum DSM 8599T 755:776 A. erythreum DSM 8599T 755:776 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 6 91 theme A. 755:756 arg1 species 746:752 the most closely related species 721:752 the most closely related species 721:752 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26354190 2 92 theme non-spore-forming 103:119 arg1 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 YS17T 150:154 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 2 92 theme non-spore-forming 103:119 arg1 strain 142:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain 59:147 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, YS17T, was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 26354190 6 93 theme DNA-DNA 665:671 arg1 hybridization 673:685 DNA-DNA hybridization 665:685 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, 665:836 DNA-DNA hybridization of YS17T with the type strains of the most closely related species, A. erythreum DSM 8599T, A. alkaliterrae JCM 13518T and A. ginsengisoli JCM 14732T, yielded reassociation values of 10.9, 16.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. 26193074 8 0 theme added 1092:1096 arg1 source 1105:1110 the sole added energy source 1083:1110 the sole added energy source 1083:1110 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 10 1 from activities 1590:1599 arg1 presence 1540:1547 the presence 1536:1547 the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals 1536:1651 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 10 2 dep B. 1747:1748 arg1 longum 1750:1755 longum 1750:1755 longum 1750:1755 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 10 2 dep B. 1747:1748 arg1 D2 1758:1759 D2 1758:1759 D2 1758:1759 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 3 3 theme in 539:540 arg1 ® 562:562 ® 562:562 ® 562:562 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 3 3 theme in 539:540 arg1 M-SHIME 554:560 in vitro model M-SHIME 539:560 in vitro model M-SHIME(®) 539:563 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 8 4 theme B. 1113:1114 arg1 D2 1123:1124 B. longum D2 1113:1124 B. longum D2 1113:1124 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 10 5 theme differences 1552:1562 arg1 presence 1540:1547 the presence 1536:1547 the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals 1536:1651 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 2 6 theme Enzymatic 268:276 arg1 activity 278:285 Enzymatic activity 268:285 Enzymatic activity of intestinal bacterial 268:309 Enzymatic activity of intestinal bacterial might vary depending on the composition of the gut microbiota. 26193074 9 7 theme gut 1376:1378 arg1 communities 1380:1390 the bacterial gut communities 1362:1390 the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1362:1448 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 5 8 theme bacterial 868:876 arg1 communities 878:888 these bacterial communities 862:888 these bacterial communities 862:888 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 4 9 theme gradient 616:623 arg1 electrophoresis 629:643 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 605:643 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles 605:652 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 0 10 theme proximal 113:120 arg1 colon 122:126 the proximal colon 109:126 the proximal colon 109:126 Bifidobacterium longum D2 enhances microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans in an in vitro model of the proximal colon. 26193074 3 11 theme model 548:552 arg1 ® 562:562 ® 562:562 ® 562:562 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 3 11 theme model 548:552 arg1 M-SHIME 554:560 in vitro model M-SHIME 539:560 in vitro model M-SHIME(®) 539:563 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 5 12 theme different 831:839 arg1 species 851:857 two different B. longum species 827:857 two different B. longum species 827:857 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 5 13 theme gene 903:906 arg1 similarity 917:926 99% gene sequence similarity 899:926 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum 899:963 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 4 14 theme electrophoresis 629:643 arg1 profiles 645:652 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles 605:652 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles 605:652 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 8 15 theme β-xylanase 1171:1180 arg1 activities 1157:1166 significantly higher activities 1136:1166 significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold) 1136:1254 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 10 16 attach linked 1699:1704 arg2 model 1677:1681 the in vitro M-SHIME model 1656:1681 the in vitro M-SHIME model 1656:1681 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 10 16 attach linked 1699:1704 arg1 presence 1713:1720 the presence 1709:1720 the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain 1709:1767 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 1 17 contain possessing 211:220 arg2 enzymes 235:241 AX-degrading enzymes 222:241 AX-degrading enzymes 222:241 Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) are degraded in the colon by intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria. 26193074 1 17 contain possessing 211:220 arg2 bifidobacteria 252:265 bifidobacteria 252:265 bifidobacteria 252:265 Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) are degraded in the colon by intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria. 26193074 1 17 contain possessing 211:220 arg1 bacteria 202:209 intestinal bacteria 191:209 intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria 191:265 Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) are degraded in the colon by intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria. 26193074 9 18 theme individual 1399:1408 arg1 communities 1380:1390 the bacterial gut communities 1362:1390 the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1362:1448 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 7 19 theme longum 973:978 arg1 91563 985:989 longum KACC 91563 973:989 longum KACC 91563 973:989 longum KACC 91563, respectively, further referred to as B. longum D1 and B. longum D2. 26193074 3 20 dep in 539:540 arg1 vitro 542:546 vitro 542:546 vitro 542:546 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 10 21 dep in 1660:1661 arg1 vitro 1663:1667 vitro 1663:1667 vitro 1663:1667 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 0 22 theme arabinoxylans 71:83 arg1 degradation 45:55 microbial degradation 35:55 microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans 35:83 Bifidobacterium longum D2 enhances microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans in an in vitro model of the proximal colon. 26193074 9 23 theme enzyme 1432:1437 arg1 activities 1439:1448 low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1415:1448 low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1415:1448 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 8 24 dep B. 1113:1114 arg1 longum 1116:1121 longum 1116:1121 longum 1116:1121 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 5 25 theme 16S 764:766 arg1 sequencing 778:787 16S rRNA gene sequencing 764:787 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 764:796 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 5 26 theme 99 899:900 arg1 % 901:901 % 901:901 % 901:901 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 5 27 from presence 815:822 arg1 communities 878:888 these bacterial communities 862:888 these bacterial communities 862:888 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 9 28 theme β-xylanase 1455:1464 arg1 activity 1466:1473 the β-xylanase activity 1451:1473 the β-xylanase activity 1451:1473 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 9 29 theme low 1415:1417 arg1 activities 1439:1448 low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1415:1448 low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1415:1448 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 8 30 theme B. 1283:1284 arg1 D1 1293:1294 B. longum D1 1283:1294 B. longum D1 1283:1294 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 10 31 theme LC-AX 1567:1571 arg1 activities 1590:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities 1567:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities 1567:1632 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 1 32 theme Long-chain 129:138 arg1 LC-AX 155:159 LC-AX 155:159 LC-AX 155:159 Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) are degraded in the colon by intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria. 26193074 1 32 theme Long-chain 129:138 arg1 arabinoxylans 140:152 Long-chain arabinoxylans 129:152 Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) 129:160 Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) are degraded in the colon by intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria. 26193074 3 33 theme gut 427:429 arg1 communities 431:441 the bacterial gut communities 413:441 the bacterial gut communities 413:441 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 9 34 with communities 1380:1390 arg1 activities 1439:1448 low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1415:1448 low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1415:1448 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 4 35 theme proximal 741:748 arg1 vessel 756:761 the proximal colon vessel 737:761 the proximal colon vessel 737:761 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 7 36 theme KACC 980:983 arg1 91563 985:989 longum KACC 91563 973:989 longum KACC 91563 973:989 longum KACC 91563, respectively, further referred to as B. longum D1 and B. longum D2. 26193074 3 37 theme healthy 450:456 arg1 individuals 458:468 two healthy individuals 446:468 two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2) 446:487 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 3 37 theme healthy 450:456 arg1 donors 471:476 donors D1 and D2 471:486 donors D1 and D2 471:486 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 10 38 theme enzyme 1583:1588 arg1 activities 1590:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities 1567:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities 1567:1632 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 5 39 theme gene 773:776 arg1 sequencing 778:787 16S rRNA gene sequencing 764:787 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 764:796 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 0 40 theme microbial 35:43 arg1 degradation 45:55 microbial degradation 35:55 microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans 35:83 Bifidobacterium longum D2 enhances microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans in an in vitro model of the proximal colon. 26193074 9 41 theme proximal 1503:1510 arg1 vessel 1512:1517 the proximal vessel 1499:1517 the proximal vessel 1499:1517 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 10 42 from differences 1552:1562 arg1 activities 1590:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities 1567:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities 1567:1632 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 10 43 theme AX-degrading 1734:1745 arg1 strain 1762:1767 a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain 1725:1767 a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain 1725:1767 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 10 44 theme communities 1622:1632 arg1 activities 1590:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities 1567:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities 1567:1632 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 10 45 theme strain 1762:1767 arg1 presence 1713:1720 the presence 1709:1720 the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain 1709:1767 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 5 46 dep B. 841:842 arg1 longum 844:849 longum 844:849 longum 844:849 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 10 47 theme bacterial 1608:1616 arg1 communities 1622:1632 the bacterial gut communities 1604:1632 the bacterial gut communities 1604:1632 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 9 48 theme B. 1302:1303 arg1 D2 1312:1313 B. longum D2 1302:1313 B. longum D2 1302:1313 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 7 49 dep B. 1029:1030 arg1 longum 1032:1037 longum 1032:1037 longum 1032:1037 longum KACC 91563, respectively, further referred to as B. longum D1 and B. longum D2. 26193074 3 50 theme individuals 458:468 arg1 activities 399:408 the enzymatic activities 385:408 the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2) 385:487 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 3 51 theme bacterial 496:504 arg1 communities 506:516 these bacterial communities 490:516 these bacterial communities 490:516 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 0 52 theme long-chain 60:69 arg1 arabinoxylans 71:83 long-chain arabinoxylans 60:83 long-chain arabinoxylans 60:83 Bifidobacterium longum D2 enhances microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans in an in vitro model of the proximal colon. 26193074 3 53 dep donors 471:476 arg1 D2 485:486 D2 485:486 D2 485:486 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 3 53 dep donors 471:476 arg1 D1 478:479 D1 478:479 D1 478:479 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 3 53 dep donors 471:476 arg1 donors 471:476 donors D1 and D2 471:486 donors D1 and D2 471:486 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 2 54 theme gut 358:360 arg1 microbiota 362:371 the gut microbiota 354:371 the gut microbiota 354:371 Enzymatic activity of intestinal bacterial might vary depending on the composition of the gut microbiota. 26193074 8 55 theme sole 1087:1090 arg1 source 1105:1110 the sole added energy source 1083:1110 the sole added energy source 1083:1110 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 10 56 theme M-SHIME 1669:1675 arg1 model 1677:1681 the in vitro M-SHIME model 1656:1681 the in vitro M-SHIME model 1656:1681 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 8 57 theme energy 1098:1103 arg1 source 1105:1110 the sole added energy source 1083:1110 the sole added energy source 1083:1110 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 5 58 attach presence 815:822 arg1 communities 878:888 these bacterial communities 862:888 these bacterial communities 862:888 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 5 58 attach presence 815:822 arg2 species 851:857 two different B. longum species 827:857 two different B. longum species 827:857 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 10 59 theme in 1660:1661 arg1 model 1677:1681 the in vitro M-SHIME model 1656:1681 the in vitro M-SHIME model 1656:1681 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 5 60 theme species 851:857 arg1 presence 815:822 the presence 811:822 the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities 811:888 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 10 61 from presence 1540:1547 arg1 activities 1590:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities 1567:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities 1567:1632 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 7 62 theme B. 1046:1047 arg1 D2 1056:1057 B. longum D2 1046:1057 B. longum D2 1046:1057 longum KACC 91563, respectively, further referred to as B. longum D1 and B. longum D2. 26193074 0 63 theme colon 122:126 arg1 model 100:104 an in vitro model 88:104 an in vitro model of the proximal colon 88:126 Bifidobacterium longum D2 enhances microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans in an in vitro model of the proximal colon. 26193074 9 64 theme bacterial 1366:1374 arg1 communities 1380:1390 the bacterial gut communities 1362:1390 the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1362:1448 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 8 65 theme β-xylosidase 1194:1205 arg1 activities 1157:1166 significantly higher activities 1136:1166 significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold) 1136:1254 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 7 66 dep B. 1046:1047 arg1 longum 1049:1054 longum 1049:1054 longum 1049:1054 longum KACC 91563, respectively, further referred to as B. longum D1 and B. longum D2. 26193074 7 67 theme B. 1029:1030 arg1 D1 1039:1040 B. longum D1 1029:1040 B. longum D1 1029:1040 longum KACC 91563, respectively, further referred to as B. longum D1 and B. longum D2. 26193074 5 68 theme B. 841:842 arg1 species 851:857 two different B. longum species 827:857 two different B. longum species 827:857 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 8 69 theme higher 1150:1155 arg1 activities 1157:1166 significantly higher activities 1136:1166 significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold) 1136:1254 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 9 70 dep B. 1302:1303 arg1 longum 1305:1310 longum 1305:1310 longum 1305:1310 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 4 71 theme gel 625:627 arg1 electrophoresis 629:643 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 605:643 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles 605:652 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 5 72 theme % 901:901 arg1 similarity 917:926 99% gene sequence similarity 899:926 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum 899:963 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 9 73 dep increased 1475:1483 arg1 1.5-fold 1486:1493 1.5-fold 1486:1493 1.5-fold 1486:1493 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 10 74 theme potent 1727:1732 arg1 strain 1762:1767 a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain 1725:1767 a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain 1725:1767 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 5 75 theme sequence 908:915 arg1 similarity 917:926 99% gene sequence similarity 899:926 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum 899:963 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 8 76 theme α-arabinofuranosidase 1223:1243 arg1 activities 1157:1166 significantly higher activities 1136:1166 significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold) 1136:1254 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 8 77 dep B. 1283:1284 arg1 longum 1286:1291 longum 1286:1291 longum 1286:1291 When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. 26193074 9 78 theme AX-degrading 1419:1430 arg1 activities 1439:1448 low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1415:1448 low AX-degrading enzyme activities 1415:1448 When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. 26193074 0 79 theme in 91:92 arg1 model 100:104 an in vitro model 88:104 an in vitro model of the proximal colon 88:126 Bifidobacterium longum D2 enhances microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans in an in vitro model of the proximal colon. 26193074 4 80 from Differences 566:576 arg1 activities 590:599 xylanase activities 581:599 xylanase activities 581:599 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 4 80 from Differences 566:576 arg1 profiles 645:652 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles 605:652 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles 605:652 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 4 80 from Differences 566:576 arg1 particular 658:667 particular 658:667 particular 658:667 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 2 81 theme bacterial 301:309 arg1 activity 278:285 Enzymatic activity 268:285 Enzymatic activity of intestinal bacterial 268:309 Enzymatic activity of intestinal bacterial might vary depending on the composition of the gut microbiota. 26193074 4 82 theme colon 750:754 arg1 vessel 756:761 the proximal colon vessel 737:761 the proximal colon vessel 737:761 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 4 83 theme denaturing 605:614 arg1 electrophoresis 629:643 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 605:643 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles 605:652 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 5 84 with similarity 917:926 arg1 longum 936:941 B. longum 933:941 B. longum NCC2705 933:949 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 5 84 with similarity 917:926 arg1 longum 958:963 B. longum 955:963 B. longum 955:963 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 0 85 theme longum 16:21 arg1 D2 23:24 Bifidobacterium longum D2 0:24 Bifidobacterium longum D2 0:24 Bifidobacterium longum D2 enhances microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans in an in vitro model of the proximal colon. 26193074 0 86 dep in 91:92 arg1 vitro 94:98 vitro 94:98 vitro 94:98 Bifidobacterium longum D2 enhances microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans in an in vitro model of the proximal colon. 26193074 3 87 theme enzymatic 389:397 arg1 activities 399:408 the enzymatic activities 385:408 the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2) 385:487 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 3 88 theme communities 431:441 arg1 activities 399:408 the enzymatic activities 385:408 the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2) 385:487 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 5 89 theme rRNA 768:771 arg1 sequencing 778:787 16S rRNA gene sequencing 764:787 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 764:796 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 1 90 theme intestinal 191:200 arg1 bacteria 202:209 intestinal bacteria 191:209 intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria 191:265 Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) are degraded in the colon by intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria. 26193074 3 91 theme bacterial 417:425 arg1 communities 431:441 the bacterial gut communities 413:441 the bacterial gut communities 413:441 To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). 26193074 4 92 located found 728:732 arg1 vessel 756:761 the proximal colon vessel 737:761 the proximal colon vessel 737:761 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 4 92 located found 728:732 arg2 Differences 566:576 Differences 566:576 Differences 566:576 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 10 93 theme B. 1747:1748 arg1 strain 1762:1767 a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain 1725:1767 a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain 1725:1767 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 10 94 theme degrading 1573:1581 arg1 activities 1590:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities 1567:1599 LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities 1567:1632 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 5 95 theme sequencing 778:787 arg1 analysis 789:796 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 764:796 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis 764:796 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. 26193074 10 96 theme gut 1618:1620 arg1 communities 1622:1632 the bacterial gut communities 1604:1632 the bacterial gut communities 1604:1632 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 4 97 dep particular 658:667 arg1 DNA-band 671:678 a DNA-band 669:678 particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum 658:720 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 4 98 theme xylanase 581:588 arg1 activities 590:599 xylanase activities 581:599 xylanase activities 581:599 Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 26193074 10 99 theme individuals 1641:1651 arg1 presence 1540:1547 the presence 1536:1547 the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals 1536:1651 We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain. 26193074 1 100 theme AX-degrading 222:233 arg1 enzymes 235:241 AX-degrading enzymes 222:241 AX-degrading enzymes 222:241 Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) are degraded in the colon by intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria. 26193074 1 100 theme AX-degrading 222:233 arg1 bifidobacteria 252:265 bifidobacteria 252:265 bifidobacteria 252:265 Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) are degraded in the colon by intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria. 26193074 2 101 theme microbiota 362:371 arg1 composition 339:349 the composition 335:349 the composition of the gut microbiota 335:371 Enzymatic activity of intestinal bacterial might vary depending on the composition of the gut microbiota. 26142428 5 0 with SHB 831:833 arg1 activity 861:868 active CSA α-amylase activity 840:868 active CSA α-amylase activity 840:868 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 1 1 from rich 166:169 arg1 starch 174:179 starch 174:179 starch 174:179 Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. 26142428 5 2 theme SHB 831:833 arg1 cells 822:826 individual cells 811:826 individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity 811:868 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 8 3 contain had 1390:1392 arg2 impact 1402:1407 a large impact 1394:1407 a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals 1394:1489 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 8 3 contain had 1390:1392 arg1 proportion 1351:1360 The proportion 1347:1360 The proportion of barley grain in the diet 1347:1388 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 6 4 dep Ruminobacter 1165:1176 arg1 amylophilus 1178:1188 Ruminobacter amylophilus 1165:1188 Ruminobacter amylophilus 1165:1188 Quantitative FISH revealed that up to 70-80% of these SHB were members of Ruminococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes but were not Streptococcus bovis, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinomonas amylolytica, Bifidobacterium spp. 26142428 5 5 theme cultivars 980:988 arg1 particles 952:960 particles 952:960 particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn 952:1013 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 2 6 from digestion 306:314 arg1 rumen 323:327 the rumen 319:327 the rumen 319:327 Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. 26142428 1 7 theme Cereal 152:157 arg1 grains 159:164 Cereal grains 152:164 Cereal grains rich in starch 152:179 Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. 26142428 1 8 theme high-producing 227:240 arg1 cattle 257:262 high-producing beef and dairy cattle 227:262 high-producing beef and dairy cattle 227:262 Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. 26142428 5 9 theme cells 934:938 arg1 cells 934:938 the total bacterial cells 914:938 the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn 914:1013 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 5 9 theme cells 934:938 arg1 % 909:909 19-23% 904:909 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn 904:1013 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 6 10 theme phylum 1113:1118 arg1 Firmicutes 1120:1129 the phylum Firmicutes 1109:1129 the phylum Firmicutes 1109:1129 Quantitative FISH revealed that up to 70-80% of these SHB were members of Ruminococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes but were not Streptococcus bovis, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinomonas amylolytica, Bifidobacterium spp. 26142428 6 11 theme Ruminococcaceae 1090:1104 arg1 members 1079:1085 members 1079:1085 members of Ruminococcaceae 1079:1104 Quantitative FISH revealed that up to 70-80% of these SHB were members of Ruminococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes but were not Streptococcus bovis, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinomonas amylolytica, Bifidobacterium spp. 26142428 2 12 from players 288:294 arg1 digestion 306:314 starch digestion 299:314 starch digestion in the rumen 299:327 Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. 26142428 4 13 theme BODIPY 535:540 arg1 staining 555:562 BODIPY FL DQ starch staining 535:562 BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH 535:640 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 0 14 theme corn 96:99 arg1 grain 101:105 corn grain 96:105 corn grain 96:105 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 8 15 theme SHB 1446:1448 arg1 abundance 1427:1435 the percentage abundance 1412:1435 the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals 1412:1489 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 6 16 theme Quantitative 1016:1027 arg1 FISH 1029:1032 Quantitative FISH 1016:1032 Quantitative FISH 1016:1032 Quantitative FISH revealed that up to 70-80% of these SHB were members of Ruminococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes but were not Streptococcus bovis, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinomonas amylolytica, Bifidobacterium spp. 26142428 6 17 from members 1079:1085 arg1 Firmicutes 1120:1129 the phylum Firmicutes 1109:1129 the phylum Firmicutes 1109:1129 Quantitative FISH revealed that up to 70-80% of these SHB were members of Ruminococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes but were not Streptococcus bovis, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinomonas amylolytica, Bifidobacterium spp. 26142428 8 18 theme total 1440:1444 arg1 SHB 1446:1448 total SHB 1440:1448 total SHB 1440:1448 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 4 19 theme heifers 774:780 arg1 rumen 765:769 the rumen 761:769 the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets 761:803 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 7 20 theme or 1238:1239 arg1 fibrisolvens 1254:1265 or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 1238:1265 or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 1238:1265 or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, all of whose amylolytic activities have been demonstrated previously in vitro. 26142428 7 20 theme or 1238:1239 arg1 all 1268:1270 all 1268:1270 all 1268:1270 or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, all of whose amylolytic activities have been demonstrated previously in vitro. 26142428 3 21 theme bacteria 493:500 arg1 composition 449:459 the composition 445:459 the composition of the rumen starch-hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) 445:506 However, our understanding of the composition of the rumen starch-hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) is limited. 26142428 2 22 theme cereal 400:405 arg1 grains 407:412 cereal grains 400:412 cereal grains 400:412 Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. 26142428 1 23 theme rich 166:169 arg1 grains 159:164 Cereal grains 152:164 Cereal grains rich in starch 152:179 Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. 26142428 2 24 theme grains 407:412 arg1 fermentation 384:395 fermentation 384:395 fermentation 384:395 Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. 26142428 2 24 theme grains 407:412 arg1 hydrolysis 369:378 hydrolysis 369:378 hydrolysis 369:378 Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. 26142428 4 25 theme barley-based 786:797 arg1 diets 799:803 barley-based diets 786:803 barley-based diets 786:803 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 5 26 theme bacterial 924:932 arg1 cells 934:938 the total bacterial cells 914:938 the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn 914:1013 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 6 27 theme SHB 1070:1072 arg1 % 1059:1059 up to 70-80% 1048:1059 up to 70-80% of these SHB 1048:1072 Quantitative FISH revealed that up to 70-80% of these SHB were members of Ruminococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes but were not Streptococcus bovis, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinomonas amylolytica, Bifidobacterium spp. 26142428 6 27 theme SHB 1070:1072 arg1 SHB 1070:1072 these SHB 1064:1072 these SHB 1064:1072 Quantitative FISH revealed that up to 70-80% of these SHB were members of Ruminococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes but were not Streptococcus bovis, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinomonas amylolytica, Bifidobacterium spp. 26142428 8 28 theme grain 1372:1376 arg1 proportion 1351:1360 The proportion 1347:1360 The proportion of barley grain in the diet 1347:1388 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 7 29 theme Butyrivibrio 1241:1252 arg1 fibrisolvens 1254:1265 or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 1238:1265 or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 1238:1265 or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, all of whose amylolytic activities have been demonstrated previously in vitro. 26142428 7 29 theme Butyrivibrio 1241:1252 arg1 all 1268:1270 all 1268:1270 all 1268:1270 or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, all of whose amylolytic activities have been demonstrated previously in vitro. 26142428 0 30 theme In 0:1 arg1 identification 8:21 identification 8:21 identification 8:21 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 1 31 theme dairy 251:255 arg1 cattle 257:262 high-producing beef and dairy cattle 227:262 high-producing beef and dairy cattle 227:262 Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. 26142428 5 32 theme grain 1000:1004 arg1 cultivars 980:988 four different cultivars 965:988 four different cultivars of barley grain and corn 965:1013 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 1 33 theme cattle 257:262 arg1 demands 216:222 the energy demands 205:222 the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle 205:262 Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. 26142428 8 34 theme SHB 1470:1472 arg1 abundance 1427:1435 the percentage abundance 1412:1435 the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals 1412:1489 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 2 35 theme important 278:286 arg1 Bacteria 265:272 Bacteria 265:272 Bacteria 265:272 Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. 26142428 2 35 theme important 278:286 arg1 players 288:294 important players 278:294 important players in starch digestion in the rumen 278:327 Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. 26142428 4 36 theme cell-surface-associated 709:731 arg1 CSA 734:736 CSA 734:736 CSA 734:736 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 4 36 theme cell-surface-associated 709:731 arg1 activity 749:756 active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity 702:756 active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets 702:803 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 5 37 theme barley 993:998 arg1 grain 1000:1004 barley grain 993:1004 barley grain 993:1004 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 4 38 theme quantitative 624:635 arg1 FISH 637:640 quantitative FISH 624:640 quantitative FISH 624:640 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 6 39 dep 70-80 1054:1058 arg1 to 1051:1052 to 1051:1052 to 1051:1052 Quantitative FISH revealed that up to 70-80% of these SHB were members of Ruminococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes but were not Streptococcus bovis, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinomonas amylolytica, Bifidobacterium spp. 26142428 5 40 attach attached 940:947 arg1 particles 952:960 particles 952:960 particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn 952:1013 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 5 40 attach attached 940:947 arg2 cells 934:938 the total bacterial cells 914:938 the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn 914:1013 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 5 41 theme CSA 847:849 arg1 activity 861:868 active CSA α-amylase activity 840:868 active CSA α-amylase activity 840:868 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 0 42 from barley 85:90 arg1 rumen 114:118 the rumen 110:118 the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets 110:149 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 4 43 dep in 591:592 arg1 situ 594:597 situ 594:597 situ 594:597 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 5 44 theme individual 811:820 arg1 cells 822:826 individual cells 811:826 individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity 811:868 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 4 45 theme in 591:592 arg1 hybridization 599:611 fluorescence in situ hybridization 578:611 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) 578:618 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 4 45 theme in 591:592 arg1 FISH 614:617 FISH 614:617 FISH 614:617 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 0 46 theme cows 123:126 arg1 rumen 114:118 the rumen 110:118 the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets 110:149 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 1 47 used used 192:195 arg2 grains 159:164 Cereal grains 152:164 Cereal grains rich in starch 152:179 Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. 26142428 0 48 attach attached 73:80 arg1 barley 85:90 barley 85:90 barley 85:90 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 0 48 attach attached 73:80 arg1 grain 101:105 corn grain 96:105 corn grain 96:105 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 0 48 attach attached 73:80 arg2 quantification 27:40 quantification 27:40 quantification 27:40 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 0 48 attach attached 73:80 arg2 identification 8:21 identification 8:21 identification 8:21 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 4 49 theme fluorescence 578:589 arg1 hybridization 599:611 fluorescence in situ hybridization 578:611 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) 578:618 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 4 49 theme fluorescence 578:589 arg1 FISH 614:617 FISH 614:617 FISH 614:617 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 0 50 theme bacteria 64:71 arg1 identification 8:21 identification 8:21 identification 8:21 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 0 50 theme bacteria 64:71 arg1 quantification 27:40 quantification 27:40 quantification 27:40 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 5 51 theme corn 1010:1013 arg1 cultivars 980:988 four different cultivars 965:988 four different cultivars of barley grain and corn 965:1013 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 8 52 from abundance 1427:1435 arg1 animals 1483:1489 these animals 1477:1489 these animals 1477:1489 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 5 53 theme active 840:845 arg1 activity 861:868 active CSA α-amylase activity 840:868 active CSA α-amylase activity 840:868 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 0 54 theme starch-hydrolyzing 45:62 arg1 bacteria 64:71 starch-hydrolyzing bacteria 45:71 starch-hydrolyzing bacteria 45:71 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 0 55 theme barley-based 132:143 arg1 diets 145:149 barley-based diets 132:149 barley-based diets 132:149 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 8 56 theme large 1396:1400 arg1 impact 1402:1407 a large impact 1394:1407 a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals 1394:1489 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 2 57 dep hydrolysis 369:378 arg1 the 365:367 the 365:367 the 365:367 Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. 26142428 3 58 theme composition 449:459 arg1 understanding 428:440 our understanding 424:440 our understanding of the composition of the rumen starch-hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) 424:506 However, our understanding of the composition of the rumen starch-hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) is limited. 26142428 4 59 contain possessing 691:700 arg2 CSA 734:736 CSA 734:736 CSA 734:736 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 4 59 contain possessing 691:700 arg2 activity 749:756 active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity 702:756 active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets 702:803 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 4 59 contain possessing 691:700 arg1 SHB 687:689 SHB 687:689 SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets 687:803 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 5 60 theme different 970:978 arg1 cultivars 980:988 four different cultivars 965:988 four different cultivars of barley grain and corn 965:1013 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 7 61 theme amylolytic 1281:1290 arg1 activities 1292:1301 activities 1292:1301 activities 1292:1301 or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, all of whose amylolytic activities have been demonstrated previously in vitro. 26142428 4 62 from activity 749:756 arg1 rumen 765:769 the rumen 761:769 the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets 761:803 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 5 63 theme α-amylase 851:859 arg1 activity 861:868 active CSA α-amylase activity 840:868 active CSA α-amylase activity 840:868 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 4 64 theme DQ 545:546 arg1 staining 555:562 BODIPY FL DQ starch staining 535:562 BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH 535:640 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 4 65 theme active 702:707 arg1 CSA 734:736 CSA 734:736 CSA 734:736 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 4 65 theme active 702:707 arg1 activity 749:756 active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity 702:756 active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets 702:803 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 0 66 from grain 101:105 arg1 rumen 114:118 the rumen 110:118 the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets 110:149 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 5 67 theme total 918:922 arg1 cells 934:938 the total bacterial cells 914:938 the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn 914:1013 When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. 26142428 2 68 theme starch 299:304 arg1 digestion 306:314 starch digestion 299:314 starch digestion in the rumen 299:327 Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. 26142428 8 69 from impact 1402:1407 arg1 abundance 1427:1435 the percentage abundance 1412:1435 the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals 1412:1489 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 4 70 theme FL 542:543 arg1 staining 555:562 BODIPY FL DQ starch staining 535:562 BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH 535:640 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 8 71 theme barley 1365:1370 arg1 grain 1372:1376 barley grain 1365:1376 barley grain 1365:1376 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 1 72 dep high-producing 227:240 arg1 beef 242:245 beef 242:245 beef 242:245 Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. 26142428 4 73 theme α-amylase 739:747 arg1 CSA 734:736 CSA 734:736 CSA 734:736 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 4 73 theme α-amylase 739:747 arg1 activity 749:756 active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity 702:756 active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets 702:803 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 26142428 1 74 from starch 174:179 arg1 rich 166:169 rich 166:169 rich 166:169 Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. 26142428 2 75 theme important 347:355 arg1 role 357:360 an important role 344:360 an important role 344:360 Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. 26142428 1 76 theme energy 209:214 arg1 demands 216:222 the energy demands 205:222 the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle 205:262 Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. 26142428 8 77 theme percentage 1416:1425 arg1 abundance 1427:1435 the percentage abundance 1412:1435 the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals 1412:1489 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 0 78 dep In 0:1 arg1 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. 26142428 3 79 theme starch-hydrolyzing 474:491 arg1 SHB 503:505 SHB 503:505 SHB 503:505 However, our understanding of the composition of the rumen starch-hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) is limited. 26142428 3 79 theme starch-hydrolyzing 474:491 arg1 bacteria 493:500 the rumen starch-hydrolyzing bacteria 464:500 the rumen starch-hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) 464:506 However, our understanding of the composition of the rumen starch-hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) is limited. 26142428 8 80 from proportion 1351:1360 arg1 diet 1385:1388 the diet 1381:1388 the diet 1381:1388 The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals. 26142428 4 81 theme starch 548:553 arg1 staining 555:562 BODIPY FL DQ starch staining 535:562 BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH 535:640 In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. 25070216 12 0 theme T 1738:1738 arg1 M 1749:1749  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307 1704:1757  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T) 1704:1760 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 12 0 theme T 1738:1738 arg1 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 6 1 theme rRNA 824:827 arg1 sequences 834:842 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 816:842 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 816:842 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 4 2 theme cell-wall 524:532 arg1 peptidoglycan 534:546 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 520:546 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains 520:563 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 4 2 theme cell-wall 524:532 arg1 A4α 574:576 type A4α 569:576 type A4α 569:576 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 9 3 theme gelatin 1319:1325 arg1 hydrolysis 1327:1336 starch and gelatin hydrolysis 1308:1336 starch and gelatin hydrolysis 1308:1336 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 9 4 from differences 1274:1284 arg1 hydrolysis 1327:1336 starch and gelatin hydrolysis 1308:1336 starch and gelatin hydrolysis 1308:1336 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 9 4 from differences 1274:1284 arg1 reduction 1297:1305 nitrate reduction 1289:1305 nitrate reduction 1289:1305 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 9 4 from differences 1274:1284 arg1 utilization 1355:1365 carbon resource utilization 1339:1365 carbon resource utilization 1339:1365 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 9 4 from differences 1274:1284 arg1 morphology 1376:1385 cell morphology 1371:1385 cell morphology 1371:1385 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 10 5 theme phenotypic 1501:1510 arg1 properties 1512:1521 its phenotypic properties 1497:1521 its phenotypic properties 1497:1521 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 2 6 theme diphenyl 265:272 arg1 transformation 280:293 polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation 250:293 polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation 250:293 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 5 7 theme lipid 789:793 arg1 profile 795:801 the polar lipid profile 779:801 the polar lipid profile 779:801 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were detected in the polar lipid profile. 25070216 12 8 theme  = NBRC 1704:1710 arg1 M 1749:1749  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307 1704:1757  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T) 1704:1760 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 12 8 theme  = NBRC 1704:1710 arg1 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 10 9 theme strain 1541:1546 arg1 GY32 1548:1551 strain GY32 1541:1551 strain GY32(T) 1541:1554 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 10 9 theme strain 1541:1546 arg1 T 1553:1553 T 1553:1553 T 1553:1553 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 4 10 theme predominant 583:593 arg1 MK-7 611:614 MK-7 611:614 MK-7 611:614 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 4 10 theme predominant 583:593 arg1 menaquinone 595:605 the predominant menaquinone 579:605 the predominant menaquinone 579:605 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 9 11 theme strain 1252:1257 arg1 T 1264:1264 T 1264:1264 T 1264:1264 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 9 11 theme strain 1252:1257 arg1 GY32 1259:1262 strain GY32 1252:1262 strain GY32(T) 1252:1265 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 1 12 with bacterium 54:62 arg1 cycle 92:96 a filament-to-rod cell cycle 69:96 a filament-to-rod cell cycle 69:96 nov., an endospore-forming bacterium with a filament-to-rod cell cycle. 25070216 6 13 theme sequences 834:842 arg1 Analysis 804:811 Analysis 804:811 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences 804:842 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 5 14 located detected 767:774 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 712:731 phosphatidylglycerol 712:731 phosphatidylglycerol 712:731 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were detected in the polar lipid profile. 25070216 5 14 located detected 767:774 arg1 profile 795:801 the polar lipid profile 779:801 the polar lipid profile 779:801 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were detected in the polar lipid profile. 25070216 5 14 located detected 767:774 arg2 Diphosphatidylglycerol 688:709 Diphosphatidylglycerol 688:709 Diphosphatidylglycerol 688:709 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were detected in the polar lipid profile. 25070216 5 14 located detected 767:774 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 737:760 phosphatidylethanolamine 737:760 phosphatidylethanolamine 737:760 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were detected in the polar lipid profile. 25070216 12 15 theme  = CCTCC 1740:1747 arg1 M 1749:1749  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307 1704:1757  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T) 1704:1760 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 12 15 theme  = CCTCC 1740:1747 arg1 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 9 16 theme nitrate 1289:1295 arg1 reduction 1297:1305 nitrate reduction 1289:1305 nitrate reduction 1289:1305 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 6 17 theme genus 897:901 arg1 Lysinibacillus 903:916 the genus Lysinibacillus 893:916 the genus Lysinibacillus 893:916 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 4 18 theme C 676:676 arg1 ω7C 683:685 C(16:1)ω7C 676:685 C(16:1)ω7C 676:685 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 10 19 theme closest 1423:1429 arg1 relative 1431:1438 its closest relative 1419:1438 its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties 1419:1521 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 7 20 theme DNA-DNA 1066:1072 arg1 relatedness 1074:1084 DNA-DNA relatedness 1066:1084 DNA-DNA relatedness 1066:1084 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 1 21 theme filament-to-rod 71:85 arg1 cycle 92:96 a filament-to-rod cell cycle 69:96 a filament-to-rod cell cycle 69:96 nov., an endospore-forming bacterium with a filament-to-rod cell cycle. 25070216 3 22 theme spore 356:360 arg1 germination 362:372 spore germination 356:372 spore germination 356:372 After spore germination, these organisms could grow more than one hundred microns long as intact single cells and then divide into rod cells and form endospores in 33 h. 25070216 3 23 theme rod 481:483 arg1 cells 485:489 rod cells 481:489 rod cells 481:489 After spore germination, these organisms could grow more than one hundred microns long as intact single cells and then divide into rod cells and form endospores in 33 h. 25070216 6 24 theme sphaericus 971:980 arg1 DSM 982:984 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28 956:987 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 956:1030 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 6 24 theme sphaericus 971:980 arg1 T 989:989 T 989:989 T 989:989 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 6 24 theme sphaericus 971:980 arg1 similarity 1020:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 8 25 theme genomic 1194:1200 arg1 DNA 1202:1204 the genomic DNA 1190:1204 the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) 1190:1222 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. 25070216 10 26 theme DNA-DNA 1452:1458 arg1 relatedness 1460:1470 DNA-DNA relatedness 1452:1470 DNA-DNA relatedness 1452:1470 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 7 27 theme gyrB 1037:1040 arg1 similarity 1051:1060 gyrB sequence similarity 1037:1060 gyrB sequence similarity 1037:1060 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 9 28 theme carbon 1339:1344 arg1 utilization 1355:1365 carbon resource utilization 1339:1365 carbon resource utilization 1339:1365 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 4 29 theme major 624:628 arg1 iso-C 647:651 iso-C 647:651 iso-C(16:0) 647:657 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 4 29 theme major 624:628 arg1 acids 636:640 the major fatty acids 620:640 the major fatty acids 620:640 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 10 30 theme Lysinibacillus 1596:1609 arg1 species 1575:1581 a novel species 1567:1581 a novel species 1567:1581 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 8 31 theme GY32 1216:1219 arg1 DNA 1202:1204 the genomic DNA 1190:1204 the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) 1190:1222 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. 25070216 10 32 theme G+C 1480:1482 arg1 content 1484:1490 DNA G+C content 1476:1490 DNA G+C content 1476:1490 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 9 33 theme cell 1371:1374 arg1 morphology 1376:1385 cell morphology 1371:1385 cell morphology 1371:1385 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 6 34 theme rRNA 1001:1004 arg1 DSM 982:984 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28 956:987 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 956:1030 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 6 34 theme rRNA 1001:1004 arg1 similarity 1020:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 10 35 theme Lysinibacillus 1631:1644 arg1 sp 1654:1655 the name Lysinibacillus varians sp 1622:1655 the name Lysinibacillus varians sp 1622:1655 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 4 36 theme 16:1 678:681 arg1 ω7C 683:685 C(16:1)ω7C 676:685 C(16:1)ω7C 676:685 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 3 37 theme intact 440:445 arg1 cells 454:458 intact single cells 440:458 intact single cells 440:458 After spore germination, these organisms could grow more than one hundred microns long as intact single cells and then divide into rod cells and form endospores in 33 h. 25070216 6 38 theme % 995:995 arg1 DSM 982:984 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28 956:987 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 956:1030 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 6 38 theme % 995:995 arg1 similarity 1020:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 2 39 dep strains 197:203 arg1 F07 237:239 F07 237:239 F07 237:239 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 39 dep strains 197:203 arg1 GY32 205:208 GY32 205:208 GY32 205:208 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 39 dep strains 197:203 arg1 F06 229:231 F06 229:231 F06 229:231 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 39 dep strains 197:203 arg1 F01 219:221 F01 219:221 F01 219:221 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 39 dep strains 197:203 arg1 T 210:210 T 210:210 T 210:210 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 12 40 theme  = CGMCC 1721:1728 arg1 M 1749:1749  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307 1704:1757  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T) 1704:1760 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 12 40 theme  = CGMCC 1721:1728 arg1 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 6 41 theme gene 829:832 arg1 sequences 834:842 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 816:842 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 816:842 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 1 42 theme endospore-forming 36:52 arg1 bacterium 54:62 an endospore-forming bacterium 33:62 an endospore-forming bacterium with a filament-to-rod cell cycle 33:96 nov., an endospore-forming bacterium with a filament-to-rod cell cycle. 25070216 1 42 theme endospore-forming 36:52 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an endospore-forming bacterium with a filament-to-rod cell cycle. 25070216 7 43 theme sphaericus 1116:1125 arg1 2502 1131:1134 L. sphaericus JCM 2502 1113:1134 L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) 1113:1137 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 7 43 theme sphaericus 1116:1125 arg1 T 1136:1136 T 1136:1136 T 1136:1136 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 10 44 dep Lysinibacillus 1631:1644 arg1 varians 1646:1652 varians 1646:1652 varians 1646:1652 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 2 45 theme motile 124:129 arg1 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria 99:194 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 45 theme motile 124:129 arg1 strains 197:203 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 6 46 theme 16S 820:822 arg1 sequences 834:842 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 816:842 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 816:842 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 2 47 theme spherical 163:171 arg1 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria 99:194 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 47 theme spherical 163:171 arg1 strains 197:203 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 48 theme Gram-stain-positive 103:121 arg1 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria 99:194 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 48 theme Gram-stain-positive 103:121 arg1 strains 197:203 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 49 theme rod-shaped 151:160 arg1 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria 99:194 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 49 theme rod-shaped 151:160 arg1 strains 197:203 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 12 50 theme T 1719:1719 arg1 M 1749:1749  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307 1704:1757  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T) 1704:1760 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 12 50 theme T 1719:1719 arg1 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 2 51 theme filamentous 132:142 arg1 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria 99:194 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 51 theme filamentous 132:142 arg1 strains 197:203 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 52 theme ether 274:278 arg1 transformation 280:293 polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation 250:293 polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation 250:293 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 5 53 theme polar 783:787 arg1 profile 795:801 the polar lipid profile 779:801 the polar lipid profile 779:801 Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were detected in the polar lipid profile. 25070216 2 54 theme polybrominated 250:263 arg1 transformation 280:293 polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation 250:293 polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation 250:293 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 8 55 theme mol 1233:1235 arg1 % 1236:1236 43.2 mol% 1228:1236 43.2 mol% 1228:1236 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. 25070216 8 55 theme mol 1233:1235 arg1 content 1179:1185 The G+C content 1171:1185 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) 1171:1222 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. 25070216 6 56 theme sequence 1011:1018 arg1 DSM 982:984 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28 956:987 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 956:1030 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 6 56 theme sequence 1011:1018 arg1 similarity 1020:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 10 57 theme phylogenetic 1392:1403 arg1 distance 1405:1412 The phylogenetic distance 1388:1412 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties 1388:1521 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 10 58 theme novel 1569:1573 arg1 species 1575:1581 a novel species 1567:1581 a novel species 1567:1581 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 10 59 theme genus 1590:1594 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1596:1609 the genus Lysinibacillus 1586:1609 the genus Lysinibacillus 1586:1609 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 7 60 theme JCM 1127:1129 arg1 2502 1131:1134 L. sphaericus JCM 2502 1113:1134 L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) 1113:1137 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 7 60 theme JCM 1127:1129 arg1 T 1136:1136 T 1136:1136 T 1136:1136 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 7 61 theme strain 1094:1099 arg1 GY32 1101:1104 strain GY32 1094:1104 strain GY32(T) 1094:1107 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 7 61 theme strain 1094:1099 arg1 T 1106:1106 T 1106:1106 T 1106:1106 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 12 62 dep GY32 1695:1698 arg1 M 1749:1749  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307 1704:1757  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T) 1704:1760 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 12 62 dep GY32 1695:1698 arg1 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 4 63 theme fatty 630:634 arg1 iso-C 647:651 iso-C 647:651 iso-C(16:0) 647:657 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 4 63 theme fatty 630:634 arg1 acids 636:640 the major fatty acids 620:640 the major fatty acids 620:640 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 12 64 theme type 1680:1683 arg1 GY32 1695:1698 GY32 1695:1698 GY32 1695:1698 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 12 64 theme type 1680:1683 arg1 strain 1685:1690 The type strain 1676:1690 The type strain 1676:1690 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 7 65 dep similarity 1051:1060 arg1 The 1033:1035 The 1033:1035 The 1033:1035 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 9 66 theme starch 1308:1313 arg1 hydrolysis 1327:1336 starch and gelatin hydrolysis 1308:1336 starch and gelatin hydrolysis 1308:1336 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 7 67 theme sequence 1042:1049 arg1 similarity 1051:1060 gyrB sequence similarity 1037:1060 gyrB sequence similarity 1037:1060 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 1 68 theme cell 87:90 arg1 cycle 92:96 a filament-to-rod cell cycle 69:96 a filament-to-rod cell cycle 69:96 nov., an endospore-forming bacterium with a filament-to-rod cell cycle. 25070216 6 69 theme Lysinibacillus 956:969 arg1 DSM 982:984 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28 956:987 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 956:1030 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 6 69 theme Lysinibacillus 956:969 arg1 T 989:989 T 989:989 T 989:989 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 6 69 theme Lysinibacillus 956:969 arg1 similarity 1020:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 8 70 theme G+C 1175:1177 arg1 % 1236:1236 43.2 mol% 1228:1236 43.2 mol% 1228:1236 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. 25070216 8 70 theme G+C 1175:1177 arg1 content 1179:1185 The G+C content 1171:1185 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) 1171:1222 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. 25070216 7 71 theme L. 1113:1114 arg1 2502 1131:1134 L. sphaericus JCM 2502 1113:1134 L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) 1113:1137 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 7 71 theme L. 1113:1114 arg1 T 1136:1136 T 1136:1136 T 1136:1136 The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. 25070216 9 72 theme resource 1346:1353 arg1 utilization 1355:1365 carbon resource utilization 1339:1365 carbon resource utilization 1339:1365 In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. 25070216 2 73 theme spore-forming 173:185 arg1 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria 99:194 bacteria 187:194 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 2 73 theme spore-forming 173:185 arg1 strains 197:203 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07 197:239 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25070216 8 74 theme DNA 1202:1204 arg1 % 1236:1236 43.2 mol% 1228:1236 43.2 mol% 1228:1236 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. 25070216 8 74 theme DNA 1202:1204 arg1 content 1179:1185 The G+C content 1171:1185 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) 1171:1222 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. 25070216 6 75 theme gene 1006:1009 arg1 DSM 982:984 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28 956:987 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 956:1030 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 6 75 theme gene 1006:1009 arg1 similarity 1020:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 8 76 theme strain 1209:1214 arg1 T 1221:1221 T 1221:1221 T 1221:1221 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. 25070216 8 76 theme strain 1209:1214 arg1 GY32 1216:1219 strain GY32 1209:1219 strain GY32(T) 1209:1222 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. 25070216 10 77 theme DNA 1476:1478 arg1 content 1484:1490 DNA G+C content 1476:1490 DNA G+C content 1476:1490 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 6 78 theme 16S 997:999 arg1 DSM 982:984 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28 956:987 Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 956:1030 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 6 78 theme 16S 997:999 arg1 similarity 1020:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 993:1029 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 4 79 theme strains 557:563 arg1 peptidoglycan 534:546 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 520:546 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains 520:563 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 4 79 theme strains 557:563 arg1 A4α 574:576 type A4α 569:576 type A4α 569:576 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 10 80 theme name 1626:1629 arg1 sp 1654:1655 the name Lysinibacillus varians sp 1622:1655 the name Lysinibacillus varians sp 1622:1655 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 3 81 theme single 447:452 arg1 cells 454:458 intact single cells 440:458 intact single cells 440:458 After spore germination, these organisms could grow more than one hundred microns long as intact single cells and then divide into rod cells and form endospores in 33 h. 25070216 12 82 theme 1.12212 1730:1736 arg1 M 1749:1749  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307 1704:1757  = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T) 1704:1760 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 12 82 theme 1.12212 1730:1736 arg1 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)). 25070216 10 83 from relative 1431:1438 arg1 distance 1405:1412 The phylogenetic distance 1388:1412 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties 1388:1521 The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. 25070216 6 84 theme 99 993:994 arg1 % 995:995 % 995:995 % 995:995 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25070216 4 85 theme type 569:572 arg1 peptidoglycan 534:546 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 520:546 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains 520:563 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 4 85 theme type 569:572 arg1 A4α 574:576 type A4α 569:576 type A4α 569:576 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. 25070216 2 86 theme taxonomic 332:340 arg1 status 342:347 their taxonomic status 326:347 their taxonomic status 326:347 Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. 25618379 6 0 theme 500.0 1028:1032 arg1 ng 1034:1035 ng 1034:1035 ng 1034:1035 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 6 1 theme linear 969:974 arg1 range 976:980 The wide linear range 960:980 The wide linear range of the immunosensor 960:1000 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 5 2 theme amperometric 876:887 arg1 signals 889:895 amperometric signals 876:895 amperometric signals 876:895 The CEA concentration was measured through the decrease of amperometric signals in the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody. 25618379 7 3 contain have 1123:1126 arg2 application 1140:1150 a potential application 1128:1150 a potential application 1128:1150 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 7 3 contain have 1123:1126 arg1 method 1110:1115 The proposed method 1097:1115 The proposed method 1097:1115 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 2 4 theme oxidative 392:400 arg1 polymerization 402:415 oxidative polymerization 392:415 oxidative polymerization of aniline 392:426 FC-PANI composite was synthesized via oxidative polymerization of aniline, using potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) as both oxidant and dopant. 25618379 6 5 theme wide 964:967 arg1 range 976:980 The wide linear range 960:980 The wide linear range of the immunosensor 960:1000 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 7 6 theme facile 1200:1205 arg1 selectivity 1250:1260 selectivity 1250:1260 selectivity 1250:1260 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 7 6 theme facile 1200:1205 arg1 stability 1218:1226 stability 1218:1226 stability 1218:1226 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 7 6 theme facile 1200:1205 arg1 sensitivity 1234:1244 high sensitivity 1229:1244 high sensitivity 1229:1244 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 7 6 theme facile 1200:1205 arg1 procedure 1207:1215 facile procedure 1200:1215 facile procedure 1200:1215 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 5 7 from decrease 864:871 arg1 binding 927:933 the corresponding specific binding 900:933 the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody 900:957 The CEA concentration was measured through the decrease of amperometric signals in the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody. 25618379 6 8 theme mL 1081:1082 arg1 limit 1065:1069 a low detection limit 1049:1069 a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) 1049:1094 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 4 9 theme electrostatic 722:734 arg1 adsorption 736:745 electrostatic adsorption 722:745 electrostatic adsorption 722:745 Subsequently, the negatively charged AuNPs could be adsorbed on the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption, and then to immobilize CEA antibody (anti-CEA) for the assay of CEA. 25618379 2 10 theme FC-PANI 354:360 arg1 composite 362:370 FC-PANI composite 354:370 FC-PANI composite 354:370 FC-PANI composite was synthesized via oxidative polymerization of aniline, using potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) as both oxidant and dopant. 25618379 6 11 theme detection 1055:1063 arg1 limit 1065:1069 a low detection limit 1049:1069 a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) 1049:1094 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 5 12 theme antigen 938:944 arg1 binding 927:933 the corresponding specific binding 900:933 the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody 900:957 The CEA concentration was measured through the decrease of amperometric signals in the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody. 25618379 4 13 theme GE 708:709 arg1 surface 711:717 the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface 668:717 the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption 668:745 Subsequently, the negatively charged AuNPs could be adsorbed on the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption, and then to immobilize CEA antibody (anti-CEA) for the assay of CEA. 25618379 1 14 theme potassium 288:296 arg1 nanoparticles 339:351 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles 288:351 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles 288:351 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 4 15 theme FC-PANI 691:697 arg1 surface 711:717 the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface 668:717 the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption 668:745 Subsequently, the negatively charged AuNPs could be adsorbed on the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption, and then to immobilize CEA antibody (anti-CEA) for the assay of CEA. 25618379 5 16 theme signals 889:895 arg1 decrease 864:871 the decrease 860:871 the decrease of amperometric signals in the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody 860:957 The CEA concentration was measured through the decrease of amperometric signals in the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody. 25618379 1 17 theme carcinoembryonic 204:219 arg1 CEA 230:232 CEA 230:232 CEA 230:232 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 1 17 theme carcinoembryonic 204:219 arg1 antigen 221:227 carcinoembryonic antigen 204:227 carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 204:233 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 5 18 theme antibody 950:957 arg1 binding 927:933 the corresponding specific binding 900:933 the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody 900:957 The CEA concentration was measured through the decrease of amperometric signals in the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody. 25618379 1 19 theme antigen 221:227 arg1 detection 191:199 ultrasensitive detection 176:199 ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 176:233 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 4 20 theme charged 633:639 arg1 AuNPs 641:645 the negatively charged AuNPs 618:645 the negatively charged AuNPs 618:645 Subsequently, the negatively charged AuNPs could be adsorbed on the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption, and then to immobilize CEA antibody (anti-CEA) for the assay of CEA. 25618379 1 21 theme novel 108:112 arg1 immunosensor 159:170 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor 106:170 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 106:233 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 7 22 theme potential 1130:1138 arg1 application 1140:1150 a potential application 1128:1150 a potential application 1128:1150 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 0 23 theme One-step 0:7 arg1 synthesis 9:17 One-step synthesis 0:17 One-step synthesis of potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline 0:61 One-step synthesis of potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline nanoparticles for label-free immunosensor. 25618379 1 24 theme ferricyanide-doped 298:315 arg1 nanoparticles 339:351 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles 288:351 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles 288:351 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 4 25 theme CEA 812:814 arg1 assay 803:807 the assay 799:807 the assay of CEA 799:814 Subsequently, the negatively charged AuNPs could be adsorbed on the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption, and then to immobilize CEA antibody (anti-CEA) for the assay of CEA. 25618379 5 26 theme CEA 821:823 arg1 concentration 825:837 The CEA concentration 817:837 The CEA concentration 817:837 The CEA concentration was measured through the decrease of amperometric signals in the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody. 25618379 0 27 theme potassium 22:30 arg1 polyaniline 51:61 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline 22:61 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline 22:61 One-step synthesis of potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline nanoparticles for label-free immunosensor. 25618379 1 28 theme polyaniline 317:327 arg1 nanoparticles 339:351 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles 288:351 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles 288:351 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 1 29 theme label-free 115:124 arg1 immunosensor 159:170 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor 106:170 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 106:233 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 6 30 theme pg 1015:1016 arg1 -1 1021:1022 -1 1021:1022 -1 1021:1022 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 6 30 theme pg 1015:1016 arg1 mL 1018:1019 1.0 pg mL 1011:1019 1.0 pg mL(-1) 1011:1023 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 5 31 theme corresponding 904:916 arg1 binding 927:933 the corresponding specific binding 900:933 the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody 900:957 The CEA concentration was measured through the decrease of amperometric signals in the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody. 25618379 7 32 with immunoassays 1164:1175 arg1 properties 1186:1195 the properties 1182:1195 the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity 1182:1260 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 3 33 theme gold 560:563 arg1 GE 576:577 GE 576:577 GE 576:577 FC-PANI acting as the signal indicator was first fixed on a gold electrode (GE) to be the signal layer. 25618379 3 33 theme gold 560:563 arg1 electrode 565:573 a gold electrode 558:573 a gold electrode (GE) to be the signal layer 558:601 FC-PANI acting as the signal indicator was first fixed on a gold electrode (GE) to be the signal layer. 25618379 3 34 theme signal 522:527 arg1 indicator 529:537 the signal indicator 518:537 the signal indicator 518:537 FC-PANI acting as the signal indicator was first fixed on a gold electrode (GE) to be the signal layer. 25618379 0 35 theme polyaniline 51:61 arg1 synthesis 9:17 One-step synthesis 0:17 One-step synthesis of potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline 0:61 One-step synthesis of potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline nanoparticles for label-free immunosensor. 25618379 1 36 theme FC-PANI 330:336 arg1 nanoparticles 339:351 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles 288:351 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles 288:351 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 6 37 with mL 1018:1019 arg1 limit 1065:1069 a low detection limit 1049:1069 a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) 1049:1094 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 7 38 theme clinical 1155:1162 arg1 immunoassays 1164:1175 clinical immunoassays 1155:1175 clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity 1155:1260 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 0 39 theme ferricyanide-doped 32:49 arg1 polyaniline 51:61 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline 22:61 potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline 22:61 One-step synthesis of potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline nanoparticles for label-free immunosensor. 25618379 1 40 theme inherent 130:137 arg1 immunosensor 159:170 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor 106:170 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 106:233 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 6 41 theme pg 1078:1079 arg1 -1 1084:1085 -1 1084:1085 -1 1084:1085 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 6 41 theme pg 1078:1079 arg1 S/N=3 1089:1093 S/N=3 1089:1093 S/N=3 1089:1093 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 6 41 theme pg 1078:1079 arg1 mL 1081:1082 0.1 pg mL 1074:1082 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) 1074:1094 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 6 42 theme low 1051:1053 arg1 limit 1065:1069 a low detection limit 1049:1069 a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3) 1049:1094 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 7 43 theme procedure 1207:1215 arg1 properties 1186:1195 the properties 1182:1195 the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity 1182:1260 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 1 44 theme electroactive 139:151 arg1 immunosensor 159:170 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor 106:170 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 106:233 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 4 45 theme CEA 771:773 arg1 antibody 775:782 CEA antibody 771:782 CEA antibody (anti-CEA) 771:793 Subsequently, the negatively charged AuNPs could be adsorbed on the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption, and then to immobilize CEA antibody (anti-CEA) for the assay of CEA. 25618379 4 45 theme CEA 771:773 arg1 anti-CEA 785:792 anti-CEA 785:792 anti-CEA 785:792 Subsequently, the negatively charged AuNPs could be adsorbed on the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption, and then to immobilize CEA antibody (anti-CEA) for the assay of CEA. 25618379 1 46 theme redox 153:157 arg1 immunosensor 159:170 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor 106:170 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 106:233 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 5 47 theme specific 918:925 arg1 binding 927:933 the corresponding specific binding 900:933 the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody 900:957 The CEA concentration was measured through the decrease of amperometric signals in the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody. 25618379 6 48 theme immunosensor 989:1000 arg1 range 976:980 The wide linear range 960:980 The wide linear range of the immunosensor 960:1000 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 7 49 theme high 1229:1232 arg1 sensitivity 1234:1244 high sensitivity 1229:1244 high sensitivity 1229:1244 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 7 49 theme high 1229:1232 arg1 procedure 1207:1215 facile procedure 1200:1215 facile procedure 1200:1215 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 4 50 theme modified 699:706 arg1 surface 711:717 the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface 668:717 the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption 668:745 Subsequently, the negatively charged AuNPs could be adsorbed on the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption, and then to immobilize CEA antibody (anti-CEA) for the assay of CEA. 25618379 1 51 theme gold 257:260 arg1 nanoparticles 262:274 gold nanoparticles 257:274 gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 257:282 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 1 51 theme gold 257:260 arg1 AuNPs 277:281 AuNPs 277:281 AuNPs 277:281 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 6 52 theme ng 1034:1035 arg1 -1 1040:1041 -1 1040:1041 -1 1040:1041 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 6 52 theme ng 1034:1035 arg1 mL 1037:1038 500.0 ng mL 1028:1038 500.0 ng mL(-1) 1028:1042 The wide linear range of the immunosensor was from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 500.0 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). 25618379 2 53 dep ferricyanide 445:456 arg1 K3[Fe 459:463 K3[Fe 459:463 K3[Fe(CN)6] 459:469 FC-PANI composite was synthesized via oxidative polymerization of aniline, using potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) as both oxidant and dopant. 25618379 2 53 dep ferricyanide 445:456 arg1 CN 465:466 CN)6 465:468 CN)6 465:468 FC-PANI composite was synthesized via oxidative polymerization of aniline, using potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) as both oxidant and dopant. 25618379 2 54 theme aniline 420:426 arg1 polymerization 402:415 oxidative polymerization 392:415 oxidative polymerization of aniline 392:426 FC-PANI composite was synthesized via oxidative polymerization of aniline, using potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) as both oxidant and dopant. 25618379 2 55 theme potassium 435:443 arg1 ferricyanide 445:456 potassium ferricyanide 435:456 potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) 435:470 FC-PANI composite was synthesized via oxidative polymerization of aniline, using potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) as both oxidant and dopant. 25618379 0 56 theme label-free 81:90 arg1 immunosensor 92:103 label-free immunosensor 81:103 label-free immunosensor 81:103 One-step synthesis of potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline nanoparticles for label-free immunosensor. 25618379 3 57 theme signal 590:595 arg1 layer 597:601 the signal layer 586:601 the signal layer 586:601 FC-PANI acting as the signal indicator was first fixed on a gold electrode (GE) to be the signal layer. 25618379 1 58 theme ultrasensitive 176:189 arg1 detection 191:199 ultrasensitive detection 176:199 ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 176:233 A novel, label-free and inherent electroactive redox immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and potassium ferricyanide-doped polyaniline (FC-PANI) nanoparticles. 25618379 7 59 theme proposed 1101:1108 arg1 method 1110:1115 The proposed method 1097:1115 The proposed method 1097:1115 The proposed method would have a potential application in clinical immunoassays with the properties of facile procedure, stability, high sensitivity and selectivity. 25618379 4 60 theme charged 683:689 arg1 surface 711:717 the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface 668:717 the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption 668:745 Subsequently, the negatively charged AuNPs could be adsorbed on the positively charged FC-PANI modified GE surface by electrostatic adsorption, and then to immobilize CEA antibody (anti-CEA) for the assay of CEA. 25920725 4 0 theme Lactobacillus 327:339 arg1 group 351:355 the Lactobacillus plantarum group 323:355 the Lactobacillus plantarum group 323:355 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belong to the Lactobacillus plantarum group. 25920725 5 1 theme recA 414:417 arg1 sequences 424:432 recA gene sequences 414:432 recA gene sequences 414:432 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 5 1 theme recA 414:417 arg1 dnaK 393:396 the dnaK 389:396 the dnaK 389:396 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 7 2 dep sp 835:836 arg1 species 777:783 two novel species 767:783 two novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus plajomi 767:833 Therefore, two novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus plajomi sp. 25920725 5 3 theme gene 419:422 arg1 sequences 424:432 recA gene sequences 414:432 recA gene sequences 414:432 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 5 3 theme gene 419:422 arg1 dnaK 393:396 the dnaK 389:396 the dnaK 389:396 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 3 4 theme fermented 212:220 arg1 food 222:225 traditional fermented food 200:225 traditional fermented food in Thailand 200:237 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 5 5 theme plantarum 527:535 arg1 group 537:541 the L. plantarum group 520:541 the L. plantarum group 520:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 6 6 theme phenotypic 728:737 arg1 characteristics 739:753 chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics 709:753 chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics 709:753 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains demonstrated that these strains represented two novel species; the novel strains could be differentiated based on chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. 25920725 9 7 theme type 941:944 arg1 strains 946:952 type strains 941:952 the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) 937:989 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 6 8 theme novel 643:647 arg1 species 649:655 two novel species 639:655 two novel species 639:655 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains demonstrated that these strains represented two novel species; the novel strains could be differentiated based on chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. 25920725 5 9 theme known 495:499 arg1 species 501:507 known species 495:507 known species present in the L. plantarum group 495:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 9 10 theme strains 946:952 arg1 NB53T 954:958 the type strains NB53T 937:958 the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) 937:989 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 9 10 theme strains 946:952 arg1 38054T 983:988  = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T 961:988  = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T 961:988 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 6 11 theme chemotaxonomic 709:722 arg1 characteristics 739:753 chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics 709:753 chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics 709:753 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains demonstrated that these strains represented two novel species; the novel strains could be differentiated based on chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. 25920725 0 12 theme plajomi 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Lactobacillus plajomi sp 0:23 Lactobacillus plajomi sp. 0:24 Lactobacillus plajomi sp. 25920725 3 13 theme traditional 200:210 arg1 food 222:225 traditional fermented food 200:225 traditional fermented food in Thailand 200:237 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 5 14 theme present 509:515 arg1 species 501:507 known species 495:507 known species present in the L. plantarum group 495:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 3 15 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 NB446T 163:168 NB446T 163:168 NB446T 163:168 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 3 15 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 NB53T 156:160 NB53T 156:160 NB53T 156:160 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 3 15 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 NB702 174:178 NB702 174:178 NB702 174:178 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 3 15 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 strains 147:153 Three Lactobacillus-like strains 122:153 Three Lactobacillus-like strains 122:153 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 3 15 attach isolated 186:193 arg1 food 222:225 traditional fermented food 200:225 traditional fermented food in Thailand 200:237 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 0 16 theme Lactobacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Lactobacillus plajomi sp 0:23 Lactobacillus plajomi sp. 0:24 Lactobacillus plajomi sp. 25920725 4 17 theme sequence 266:273 arg1 analysis 275:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 240:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 240:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belong to the Lactobacillus plantarum group. 25920725 9 18 theme  = NBRC 961:967 arg1 NB53T 954:958 the type strains NB53T 937:958 the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) 937:989 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 9 18 theme  = NBRC 961:967 arg1 38054T 983:988  = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T 961:988  = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T 961:988 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 8 19 dep sp 890:891 arg1 nov 839:841 nov 839:841 nov 839:841 nov. (NB53T) and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans sp. 25920725 8 19 dep sp 890:891 arg1 NB53T 845:849 NB53T 845:849 NB53T 845:849 nov. (NB53T) and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans sp. 25920725 8 19 dep sp 890:891 arg1 modestisalitolerans 870:888 modestisalitolerans 870:888 modestisalitolerans 870:888 nov. (NB53T) and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans sp. 25920725 4 20 theme gene 261:264 arg1 analysis 275:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 240:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 240:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belong to the Lactobacillus plantarum group. 25920725 9 21 theme 107333T = BCC 969:981 arg1 NB53T 954:958 the type strains NB53T 937:958 the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) 937:989 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 9 21 theme 107333T = BCC 969:981 arg1 38054T 983:988  = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T 961:988  = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T 961:988 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 5 22 theme Phylogenetic 358:369 arg1 analysis 371:378 Phylogenetic analysis 358:378 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences 358:432 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 9 23 theme  = NBRC 1003:1009 arg1 38191T 1025:1030  = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T 1003:1030  = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T 1003:1030 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 9 23 theme  = NBRC 1003:1009 arg1 NB446T 995:1000 NB446T 995:1000 NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T) 995:1031 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 6 24 theme novel 662:666 arg1 strains 668:674 the novel strains 658:674 the novel strains 658:674 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains demonstrated that these strains represented two novel species; the novel strains could be differentiated based on chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. 25920725 5 25 attach present 509:515 arg2 species 501:507 known species 495:507 known species present in the L. plantarum group 495:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 5 25 attach present 509:515 arg1 group 537:541 the L. plantarum group 520:541 the L. plantarum group 520:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 9 26 theme = BCC 1019:1023 arg1 38191T 1025:1030  = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T 1003:1030  = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T 1003:1030 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 9 26 theme = BCC 1019:1023 arg1 NB446T 995:1000 NB446T 995:1000 NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T) 995:1031 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 5 27 from group 537:541 arg1 present 509:515 present 509:515 present 509:515 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 6 28 theme related 579:585 arg1 strains 587:593 closely related strains 571:593 closely related strains 571:593 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains demonstrated that these strains represented two novel species; the novel strains could be differentiated based on chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. 25920725 2 29 theme fermented 105:113 arg1 foods 115:119 traditional fermented foods 93:119 traditional fermented foods 93:119 nov., isolated from traditional fermented foods. 25920725 7 30 dep species 777:783 arg1 plajomi 827:833 plajomi 827:833 plajomi 827:833 Therefore, two novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus plajomi sp. 25920725 7 30 dep species 777:783 arg1 Lactobacillus 813:825 Lactobacillus 813:825 Lactobacillus 813:825 Therefore, two novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus plajomi sp. 25920725 2 31 theme traditional 93:103 arg1 foods 115:119 traditional fermented foods 93:119 traditional fermented foods 93:119 nov., isolated from traditional fermented foods. 25920725 3 32 theme Lactobacillus-like 128:145 arg1 NB702 174:178 NB702 174:178 NB702 174:178 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 3 32 theme Lactobacillus-like 128:145 arg1 NB446T 163:168 NB446T 163:168 NB446T 163:168 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 3 32 theme Lactobacillus-like 128:145 arg1 NB53T 156:160 NB53T 156:160 NB53T 156:160 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 3 32 theme Lactobacillus-like 128:145 arg1 strains 147:153 Three Lactobacillus-like strains 122:153 Three Lactobacillus-like strains 122:153 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 25920725 6 33 with hybridization 552:564 arg1 strains 587:593 closely related strains 571:593 closely related strains 571:593 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains demonstrated that these strains represented two novel species; the novel strains could be differentiated based on chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. 25920725 9 34 theme 107235T 1011:1017 arg1 38191T 1025:1030  = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T 1003:1030  = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T 1003:1030 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 9 34 theme 107235T 1011:1017 arg1 NB446T 995:1000 NB446T 995:1000 NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T) 995:1031 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 4 35 theme Comparative 240:250 arg1 analysis 275:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 240:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 240:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belong to the Lactobacillus plantarum group. 25920725 7 36 theme genus 792:796 arg1 species 777:783 two novel species 767:783 two novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus plajomi 767:833 Therefore, two novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus plajomi sp. 25920725 1 37 theme nov. 26:29 arg1 modestisalitolerans 49:67 nov. and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans 26:67 nov. and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans 26:67 nov. and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans sp. 25920725 1 38 dep sp 69:70 arg1 modestisalitolerans 49:67 nov. and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans 26:67 nov. and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans 26:67 nov. and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans sp. 25920725 4 39 theme plantarum 341:349 arg1 group 351:355 the Lactobacillus plantarum group 323:355 the Lactobacillus plantarum group 323:355 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belong to the Lactobacillus plantarum group. 25920725 5 40 from present 509:515 arg1 group 537:541 the L. plantarum group 520:541 the L. plantarum group 520:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 4 41 theme rRNA 256:259 arg1 analysis 275:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 240:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 240:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belong to the Lactobacillus plantarum group. 25920725 9 42 dep nov 894:896 arg1 NB446T 900:905 NB446T 900:905 NB446T 900:905 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 9 42 dep nov 894:896 arg1 NB702 911:915 NB702 911:915 NB702 911:915 nov. (NB446T and NB702), are proposed with the type strains NB53T ( = NBRC 107333T = BCC 38054T) and NB446T ( = NBRC 107235T = BCC 38191T), respectively. 25920725 1 43 theme Lactobacillus 35:47 arg1 modestisalitolerans 49:67 nov. and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans 26:67 nov. and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans 26:67 nov. and Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans sp. 25920725 4 44 theme 16S 252:254 arg1 analysis 275:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 240:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 240:282 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belong to the Lactobacillus plantarum group. 25920725 6 45 theme DNA-DNA 544:550 arg1 hybridization 552:564 DNA-DNA hybridization 544:564 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains 544:593 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains demonstrated that these strains represented two novel species; the novel strains could be differentiated based on chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. 25920725 7 46 theme novel 771:775 arg1 species 777:783 two novel species 767:783 two novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus plajomi 767:833 Therefore, two novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus plajomi sp. 25920725 5 47 theme L. 524:525 arg1 group 537:541 the L. plantarum group 520:541 the L. plantarum group 520:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on the dnaK, rpoA, pheS and recA gene sequences indicated that these three strains were distantly related to known species present in the L. plantarum group. 25920725 3 48 from food 222:225 arg1 Thailand 230:237 Thailand 230:237 Thailand 230:237 Three Lactobacillus-like strains, NB53T, NB446T and NB702, were isolated from traditional fermented food in Thailand. 28494264 1 0 theme targeted 358:365 arg1 delivery 367:374 targeted delivery 358:374 targeted delivery 358:374 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 5 1 dep 16 823:824 arg1 easy 839:842 easy 839:842 easy 839:842 The production of NC-EVs was increased by 16 folds and is easy to scale up for clinical use compared to NS-EVs. 28494264 5 1 dep 16 823:824 arg1 folds 826:830 folds 826:830 folds 826:830 The production of NC-EVs was increased by 16 folds and is easy to scale up for clinical use compared to NS-EVs. 28494264 2 2 theme unlikely 495:502 arg1 scalability 504:514 unlikely scalability 495:514 unlikely scalability 495:514 However, the translation of EVs is hindered by the heterogeneous composition, low yield, inefficient drug loading and unlikely scalability. 28494264 1 3 theme nanoscale 158:166 arg1 vesicles 139:146 Extracellular vesicles 125:146 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) 125:152 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 1 3 theme nanoscale 158:166 arg1 compartments 184:195 nanoscale membrane-formed compartments 158:195 nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery 158:374 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 7 4 theme piceatannol-loaded 1063:1080 arg1 NC-EVs 1082:1087 piceatannol-loaded NC-EVs 1063:1087 piceatannol-loaded NC-EVs 1063:1087 We found that piceatannol-loaded NC-EVs dramatically alleviated acute lung inflammation/injury and sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28494264 5 5 theme NC-EVs 799:804 arg1 production 785:794 The production 781:794 The production of NC-EVs 781:804 The production of NC-EVs was increased by 16 folds and is easy to scale up for clinical use compared to NS-EVs. 28494264 4 6 theme nuclear 766:772 arg1 acids 774:778 nuclear acids 766:778 nuclear acids 766:778 NC-EVs are similar to naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs), but contain less subcellular organelles and nuclear acids. 28494264 4 7 contain contain 726:732 arg2 acids 774:778 nuclear acids 766:778 nuclear acids 766:778 NC-EVs are similar to naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs), but contain less subcellular organelles and nuclear acids. 28494264 4 7 contain contain 726:732 arg1 NC-EVs 667:672 NC-EVs 667:672 NC-EVs 667:672 NC-EVs are similar to naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs), but contain less subcellular organelles and nuclear acids. 28494264 4 7 contain contain 726:732 arg2 organelles 751:760 subcellular organelles 739:760 subcellular organelles 739:760 NC-EVs are similar to naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs), but contain less subcellular organelles and nuclear acids. 28494264 8 8 theme novel 1241:1245 arg1 approach 1247:1254 a novel approach 1239:1254 a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine 1239:1354 Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine. 28494264 8 8 theme novel 1241:1245 arg1 cavitation 1225:1234 nitrogen cavitation 1216:1234 nitrogen cavitation 1216:1234 Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine. 28494264 8 9 theme personalized 1330:1341 arg1 nanomedicine 1343:1354 personalized nanomedicine 1330:1354 personalized nanomedicine 1330:1354 Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine. 28494264 1 10 theme membrane-formed 168:182 arg1 vesicles 139:146 Extracellular vesicles 125:146 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) 125:152 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 1 10 theme membrane-formed 168:182 arg1 compartments 184:195 nanoscale membrane-formed compartments 158:195 nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery 158:374 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 0 11 theme anti-inflammation 98:114 arg1 therapy 116:122 anti-inflammation therapy 98:122 anti-inflammation therapy 98:122 High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy. 28494264 0 12 link neutrophil-derived 46:63 arg1 vesicles 79:86 remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles 25:86 remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles 25:86 High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy. 28494264 6 13 theme pH 1036:1037 arg1 gradient 1039:1046 the pH gradient 1032:1046 the pH gradient 1032:1046 To examine the usefulness of NC-EVs as a drug delivery platform, piceatannol (an anti-inflammation drug) was remotely loaded in NC-EVs via the pH gradient. 28494264 1 14 dep novel 328:332 arg1 therapeutic 334:344 therapeutic 334:344 therapeutic 334:344 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 4 15 theme subcellular 739:749 arg1 organelles 751:760 subcellular organelles 739:760 subcellular organelles 739:760 NC-EVs are similar to naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs), but contain less subcellular organelles and nuclear acids. 28494264 2 16 theme EVs 405:407 arg1 translation 390:400 the translation 386:400 the translation of EVs 386:407 However, the translation of EVs is hindered by the heterogeneous composition, low yield, inefficient drug loading and unlikely scalability. 28494264 0 17 theme High 0:3 arg1 EVs 89:91 EVs 89:91 EVs 89:91 High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy. 28494264 0 17 theme High 0:3 arg1 yield 5:9 High yield 0:9 High yield 0:9 High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy. 28494264 8 18 from type 1298:1301 arg1 EVs 1280:1282 EVs 1280:1282 EVs from any cell type 1280:1301 Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine. 28494264 5 19 theme clinical 860:867 arg1 use 869:871 clinical use 860:871 clinical use 860:871 The production of NC-EVs was increased by 16 folds and is easy to scale up for clinical use compared to NS-EVs. 28494264 2 20 theme low 455:457 arg1 yield 459:463 low yield 455:463 low yield 455:463 However, the translation of EVs is hindered by the heterogeneous composition, low yield, inefficient drug loading and unlikely scalability. 28494264 6 21 theme delivery 939:946 arg1 platform 948:955 a drug delivery platform 932:955 a drug delivery platform 932:955 To examine the usefulness of NC-EVs as a drug delivery platform, piceatannol (an anti-inflammation drug) was remotely loaded in NC-EVs via the pH gradient. 28494264 3 22 theme nitrogen 565:572 arg1 cavitation 574:583 nitrogen cavitation 565:583 nitrogen cavitation (NC-EVs) that instantly disrupts neutrophils to form nanosized membrane vesicles 565:664 Here we report a strategy to generate EVs using nitrogen cavitation (NC-EVs) that instantly disrupts neutrophils to form nanosized membrane vesicles. 28494264 3 22 theme nitrogen 565:572 arg1 NC-EVs 586:591 NC-EVs 586:591 NC-EVs 586:591 Here we report a strategy to generate EVs using nitrogen cavitation (NC-EVs) that instantly disrupts neutrophils to form nanosized membrane vesicles. 28494264 6 23 theme drug 934:937 arg1 platform 948:955 a drug delivery platform 932:955 a drug delivery platform 932:955 To examine the usefulness of NC-EVs as a drug delivery platform, piceatannol (an anti-inflammation drug) was remotely loaded in NC-EVs via the pH gradient. 28494264 8 24 dep approach 1247:1254 arg1 generate 1271:1278 generate 1271:1278 to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type 1256:1301 Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine. 28494264 8 24 dep approach 1247:1254 arg1 exploited 1316:1324 exploited 1316:1324 could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine 1307:1354 Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine. 28494264 1 25 dep mediators 252:260 arg1 they 312:315 they 312:315 they 312:315 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 1 25 dep mediators 252:260 arg1 carrier 346:352 a novel therapeutic carrier 326:352 a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery 326:374 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 2 26 theme heterogeneous 428:440 arg1 composition 442:452 the heterogeneous composition 424:452 the heterogeneous composition 424:452 However, the translation of EVs is hindered by the heterogeneous composition, low yield, inefficient drug loading and unlikely scalability. 28494264 7 27 theme acute 1113:1117 arg1 inflammation/injury 1124:1142 acute lung inflammation/injury 1113:1142 acute lung inflammation/injury 1113:1142 We found that piceatannol-loaded NC-EVs dramatically alleviated acute lung inflammation/injury and sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28494264 3 28 theme membrane 648:655 arg1 vesicles 657:664 nanosized membrane vesicles 638:664 nanosized membrane vesicles 638:664 Here we report a strategy to generate EVs using nitrogen cavitation (NC-EVs) that instantly disrupts neutrophils to form nanosized membrane vesicles. 28494264 2 29 theme drug 478:481 arg1 loading 483:489 inefficient drug loading 466:489 inefficient drug loading 466:489 However, the translation of EVs is hindered by the heterogeneous composition, low yield, inefficient drug loading and unlikely scalability. 28494264 1 30 theme novel 328:332 arg1 they 312:315 they 312:315 they 312:315 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 1 30 theme novel 328:332 arg1 carrier 346:352 a novel therapeutic carrier 326:352 a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery 326:374 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 0 31 theme extracellular 65:77 arg1 vesicles 79:86 remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles 25:86 remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles 25:86 High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy. 28494264 0 32 theme drug-loaded 34:44 arg1 vesicles 79:86 remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles 25:86 remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles 25:86 High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy. 28494264 2 33 theme inefficient 466:476 arg1 loading 483:489 inefficient drug loading 466:489 inefficient drug loading 466:489 However, the translation of EVs is hindered by the heterogeneous composition, low yield, inefficient drug loading and unlikely scalability. 28494264 1 34 theme Extracellular 125:137 arg1 vesicles 139:146 Extracellular vesicles 125:146 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) 125:152 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 1 34 theme Extracellular 125:137 arg1 compartments 184:195 nanoscale membrane-formed compartments 158:195 nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery 158:374 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 1 34 theme Extracellular 125:137 arg1 EVs 149:151 EVs 149:151 EVs 149:151 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 7 35 theme lung 1119:1122 arg1 inflammation/injury 1124:1142 acute lung inflammation/injury 1113:1142 acute lung inflammation/injury 1113:1142 We found that piceatannol-loaded NC-EVs dramatically alleviated acute lung inflammation/injury and sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 28494264 3 36 theme nanosized 638:646 arg1 vesicles 657:664 nanosized membrane vesicles 638:664 nanosized membrane vesicles 638:664 Here we report a strategy to generate EVs using nitrogen cavitation (NC-EVs) that instantly disrupts neutrophils to form nanosized membrane vesicles. 28494264 8 37 theme cell 1293:1296 arg1 type 1298:1301 any cell type 1289:1301 any cell type 1289:1301 Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine. 28494264 1 38 theme intercellular 238:250 arg1 mediators 252:260 intercellular mediators 238:260 intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis 238:299 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 1 38 theme intercellular 238:250 arg1 cells 221:225 cells 221:225 cells 221:225 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. 28494264 8 39 theme nitrogen 1216:1223 arg1 approach 1247:1254 a novel approach 1239:1254 a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine 1239:1354 Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine. 28494264 8 39 theme nitrogen 1216:1223 arg1 cavitation 1225:1234 nitrogen cavitation 1216:1234 nitrogen cavitation 1216:1234 Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine. 28494264 0 40 theme neutrophil-derived 46:63 arg1 vesicles 79:86 remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles 25:86 remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles 25:86 High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy. 28494264 4 41 theme secreted 699:706 arg1 NS-EVs 713:718 NS-EVs 713:718 NS-EVs 713:718 NC-EVs are similar to naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs), but contain less subcellular organelles and nuclear acids. 28494264 4 41 theme secreted 699:706 arg1 EVs 708:710 naturally secreted EVs 689:710 naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs) 689:719 NC-EVs are similar to naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs), but contain less subcellular organelles and nuclear acids. 28494264 6 42 theme NC-EVs 922:927 arg1 usefulness 908:917 the usefulness 904:917 the usefulness of NC-EVs as a drug delivery platform 904:955 To examine the usefulness of NC-EVs as a drug delivery platform, piceatannol (an anti-inflammation drug) was remotely loaded in NC-EVs via the pH gradient. 28494264 6 43 theme anti-inflammation 974:990 arg1 drug 992:995 an anti-inflammation drug 971:995 an anti-inflammation drug 971:995 To examine the usefulness of NC-EVs as a drug delivery platform, piceatannol (an anti-inflammation drug) was remotely loaded in NC-EVs via the pH gradient. 28494264 6 43 theme anti-inflammation 974:990 arg1 piceatannol 958:968 piceatannol 958:968 piceatannol (an anti-inflammation drug) 958:996 To examine the usefulness of NC-EVs as a drug delivery platform, piceatannol (an anti-inflammation drug) was remotely loaded in NC-EVs via the pH gradient. 27438677 0 0 theme C57BL/6J 85:92 arg1 Mice 94:97 C57BL/6J Mice 85:97 C57BL/6J Mice 85:97 Lactulose Differently Modulates the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice. 27438677 1 1 from effects 240:246 arg1 luminal 255:261 luminal 255:261 luminal 255:261 In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. 27438677 1 1 from effects 240:246 arg1 microbiota 275:284 mucosal microbiota 267:284 mucosal microbiota 267:284 In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. 27438677 4 2 theme luminal 586:592 arg1 content 594:600 The luminal content 582:600 The luminal content 582:600 The luminal content was mostly dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, while the mucus was dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. 27438677 3 3 theme luminal 405:411 arg1 contents 413:420 the luminal contents 401:420 the luminal contents 401:420 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 1 4 theme mucosal 267:273 arg1 microbiota 275:284 mucosal microbiota 267:284 mucosal microbiota 267:284 In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. 27438677 6 5 from mucus 1077:1081 arg1 Helicobacter 1035:1046 Helicobacter 1035:1046 Helicobacter 1035:1046 At the genus level, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia were both significantly increased in the content, and Helicobacter was the most abundant in the mucus. 27438677 6 5 from mucus 1077:1081 arg1 abundant 1061:1068 abundant 1061:1068 abundant 1061:1068 At the genus level, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia were both significantly increased in the content, and Helicobacter was the most abundant in the mucus. 27438677 5 6 theme abundant 861:868 arg1 phylum 870:875 the most abundant phylum 852:875 the most abundant phylum (∼50%) 852:882 The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased in the content, and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (∼50%) in the mucus after high-lactulose treatment. 27438677 5 6 theme abundant 861:868 arg1 % 881:881 ∼50% 878:881 ∼50% 878:881 The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased in the content, and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (∼50%) in the mucus after high-lactulose treatment. 27438677 5 6 theme abundant 861:868 arg1 Proteobacteria 833:846 Proteobacteria 833:846 Proteobacteria 833:846 The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased in the content, and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (∼50%) in the mucus after high-lactulose treatment. 27438677 3 7 from amount 500:505 arg1 cecum 547:551 the cecum 543:551 the cecum 543:551 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 6 8 from abundant 1061:1068 arg1 mucus 1077:1081 the mucus 1073:1081 the mucus 1073:1081 At the genus level, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia were both significantly increased in the content, and Helicobacter was the most abundant in the mucus. 27438677 1 9 theme different 162:170 arg1 proportions 172:182 different proportions 162:182 different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) 162:213 In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. 27438677 0 10 from Composition 36:46 arg1 Mice 94:97 C57BL/6J Mice 85:97 C57BL/6J Mice 85:97 Lactulose Differently Modulates the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice. 27438677 2 11 theme mucosal 303:309 arg1 samples 311:317 The luminal and mucosal samples 287:317 The luminal and mucosal samples of cecum and colon 287:336 The luminal and mucosal samples of cecum and colon were investigated. 27438677 6 12 theme genus 936:940 arg1 level 942:946 the genus level 932:946 the genus level 932:946 At the genus level, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia were both significantly increased in the content, and Helicobacter was the most abundant in the mucus. 27438677 1 13 theme lactulose 187:195 arg1 proportions 172:182 different proportions 162:182 different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) 162:213 In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. 27438677 4 14 dep Proteobacteria 718:731 arg1 Firmicutes 706:715 Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes 706:750 Firmicutes 706:715 The luminal content was mostly dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, while the mucus was dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. 27438677 2 15 theme luminal 291:297 arg1 samples 311:317 The luminal and mucosal samples 287:317 The luminal and mucosal samples of cecum and colon 287:336 The luminal and mucosal samples of cecum and colon were investigated. 27438677 3 16 theme acids 534:538 arg1 acids 534:538 total short-chain fatty acids 510:538 total short-chain fatty acids 510:538 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 3 16 theme acids 534:538 arg1 amount 500:505 the amount 496:505 the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum 496:551 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 2 17 theme colon 332:336 arg1 samples 311:317 The luminal and mucosal samples 287:317 The luminal and mucosal samples of cecum and colon 287:336 The luminal and mucosal samples of cecum and colon were investigated. 27438677 1 18 dep luminal 255:261 arg1 the 251:253 the 251:253 the 251:253 In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. 27438677 3 19 theme short-chain 516:526 arg1 acids 534:538 total short-chain fatty acids 510:538 total short-chain fatty acids 510:538 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 2 20 theme cecum 322:326 arg1 samples 311:317 The luminal and mucosal samples 287:317 The luminal and mucosal samples of cecum and colon 287:336 The luminal and mucosal samples of cecum and colon were investigated. 27438677 5 21 theme Actinobacteria 770:783 arg1 abundance 757:765 The abundance 753:765 The abundance of Actinobacteria 753:783 The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased in the content, and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (∼50%) in the mucus after high-lactulose treatment. 27438677 3 22 theme fatty 528:532 arg1 acids 534:538 total short-chain fatty acids 510:538 total short-chain fatty acids 510:538 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 3 23 theme distal 478:483 arg1 colon 485:489 distal colon 478:489 distal colon 478:489 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 0 24 theme Luminal 51:57 arg1 Composition 36:46 the Composition 32:46 the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice 32:97 Lactulose Differently Modulates the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice. 27438677 5 25 theme high-lactulose 903:916 arg1 treatment 918:926 high-lactulose treatment 903:926 high-lactulose treatment 903:926 The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased in the content, and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (∼50%) in the mucus after high-lactulose treatment. 27438677 1 26 theme C57BL/6J 115:122 arg1 mice 124:127 C57BL/6J mice 115:127 C57BL/6J mice 115:127 In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. 27438677 3 27 theme total 510:514 arg1 acids 534:538 total short-chain fatty acids 510:538 total short-chain fatty acids 510:538 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 3 28 dep 5.95-6.21 450:458 arg1 to 447:448 to 447:448 to 447:448 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 0 29 theme Microbiota 71:80 arg1 Composition 36:46 the Composition 32:46 the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice 32:97 Lactulose Differently Modulates the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice. 27438677 1 30 dep lactulose 187:195 arg1 % 203:203 5% 202:203 5% 202:203 In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. 27438677 1 30 dep lactulose 187:195 arg1 % 212:212 15% 210:212 15% 210:212 In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. 27438677 1 30 dep lactulose 187:195 arg1 % 199:199 0% 198:199 0% 198:199 In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. 27438677 3 31 theme contents 413:420 arg1 pH 395:396 pH 395:396 pH of the luminal contents 395:420 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 3 32 theme high-lactulose 363:376 arg1 treatment 378:386 high-lactulose treatment 363:386 high-lactulose treatment (15%) 363:392 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 3 32 theme high-lactulose 363:376 arg1 % 391:391 15% 389:391 15% 389:391 After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. 27438677 0 33 theme Mucosal 63:69 arg1 Microbiota 71:80 Mucosal Microbiota 63:80 Mucosal Microbiota 63:80 Lactulose Differently Modulates the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice. 27438677 5 34 from phylum 870:875 arg1 mucus 891:895 the mucus 887:895 the mucus after high-lactulose treatment 887:926 The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased in the content, and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (∼50%) in the mucus after high-lactulose treatment. 25272814 4 0 theme capsular 664:671 arg1 RESULTS 602:608 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 602:687 RESULTS 602:608 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 4 0 theme capsular 664:671 arg1 Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac 707:731 Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac 707:731 Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) 707:762 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 4 0 theme capsular 664:671 arg1 polysaccharides 673:687 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 660:687 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 660:687 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 7 1 theme prominent 1160:1168 arg1 correlation 1170:1180 no prominent correlation 1157:1180 no prominent correlation between the monosaccharide composition and cross-reactions 1157:1239 But there is no prominent correlation between the monosaccharide composition and cross-reactions. 25272814 1 2 theme one-way 140:146 arg1 cross-reactions 159:173 one-way or two-way cross-reactions 140:173 one-way or two-way cross-reactions 140:173 OBJECTIVE There are one-way or two-way cross-reactions among Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown. 25272814 6 3 theme serotype 1118:1125 arg1 polysaccharides 1099:1113 the capsular polysaccharides 1086:1113 the capsular polysaccharides of serotype 1 1086:1127 Glc, GlcN, Gal and Neu5Ac was contained in the capsular polysaccharides of serotype 1, 2 14 and 1/2. 25272814 6 3 theme serotype 1118:1125 arg1 14 1132:1133 14 1132:1133 14 1132:1133 Glc, GlcN, Gal and Neu5Ac was contained in the capsular polysaccharides of serotype 1, 2 14 and 1/2. 25272814 6 3 theme serotype 1118:1125 arg1 1/2 1139:1141 1/2 1139:1141 1/2 1139:1141 Glc, GlcN, Gal and Neu5Ac was contained in the capsular polysaccharides of serotype 1, 2 14 and 1/2. 25272814 4 4 theme liquid 884:889 arg1 chromatography 891:904 pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 841:904 pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 841:904 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 2 5 dep METHODS 260:266 arg1 polysaccharides 281:295 The capsular polysaccharides 268:295 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 260:318 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 were purified on Sephacryl S-300 column and identified by phenol-sulphuric acid method and dot-ELISA. 25272814 4 6 theme fluorescent 907:917 arg1 HPLC 928:931 fluorescent labeling HPLC 907:931 fluorescent labeling HPLC 907:931 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 0 7 from polysaccharides 54:68 arg1 serotype 92:99 Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2 73:116 serotype 92:99 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 0 7 from polysaccharides 54:68 arg1 1/2 114:116 1/2 114:116 1/2 114:116 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 3 8 theme molecular 426:434 arg1 kDa 518:520 487.38 kDa 511:520 487.38 kDa 511:520 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 3 8 theme molecular 426:434 arg1 weight 436:441 The molecular weight 422:441 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 422:493 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 3 8 theme molecular 426:434 arg1 kDa 533:535 512.72 kDa 526:535 512.72 kDa 526:535 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 3 9 theme polysaccharides 479:493 arg1 kDa 518:520 487.38 kDa 511:520 487.38 kDa 511:520 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 3 9 theme polysaccharides 479:493 arg1 weight 436:441 The molecular weight 422:441 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 422:493 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 3 9 theme polysaccharides 479:493 arg1 kDa 533:535 512.72 kDa 526:535 512.72 kDa 526:535 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 2 10 theme S-300 347:351 arg1 column 353:358 Sephacryl S-300 column 337:358 Sephacryl S-300 column 337:358 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 were purified on Sephacryl S-300 column and identified by phenol-sulphuric acid method and dot-ELISA. 25272814 3 11 dep serotype 450:457 arg1 the 446:448 the 446:448 the 446:448 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 8 12 theme polysaccharides 1323:1337 arg1 structure 1297:1305 the structure 1293:1305 the structure of the capsular polysaccharides 1293:1337 The cross-reactions among them could be induced by the structure of the capsular polysaccharides and/or the other components on the cell wall. 25272814 2 13 theme Sephacryl 337:345 arg1 column 353:358 Sephacryl S-300 column 337:358 Sephacryl S-300 column 337:358 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 were purified on Sephacryl S-300 column and identified by phenol-sulphuric acid method and dot-ELISA. 25272814 3 14 theme capsular 470:477 arg1 polysaccharides 479:493 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 466:493 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 466:493 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 4 15 theme monosaccharide 614:627 arg1 composition 629:639 The monosaccharide composition 610:639 The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 610:654 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 4 16 theme serotype 644:651 arg1 composition 629:639 The monosaccharide composition 610:639 The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 610:654 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 8 17 theme cell 1374:1377 arg1 wall 1379:1382 the cell wall 1370:1382 the cell wall 1370:1382 The cross-reactions among them could be induced by the structure of the capsular polysaccharides and/or the other components on the cell wall. 25272814 2 18 theme acid 395:398 arg1 method 400:405 phenol-sulphuric acid method 378:405 phenol-sulphuric acid method 378:405 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 were purified on Sephacryl S-300 column and identified by phenol-sulphuric acid method and dot-ELISA. 25272814 4 19 theme derivatization 852:865 arg1 chromatography 891:904 pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 841:904 pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 841:904 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 1 20 dep OBJECTIVE 120:128 arg1 are 136:138 are 136:138 are one-way or two-way cross-reactions among Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown 136:257 OBJECTIVE There are one-way or two-way cross-reactions among Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown. 25272814 4 21 theme Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac 768:799 arg1 0.37 758:761 0.37 758:761 0.37 758:761 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 4 21 theme Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac 768:799 arg1 RESULTS 602:608 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 602:687 RESULTS 602:608 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 4 21 theme Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac 768:799 arg1 Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac 707:731 Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac 707:731 Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) 707:762 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 4 21 theme Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac 768:799 arg1 polysaccharides 673:687 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 660:687 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 660:687 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 1 22 theme Streptococcus 181:193 arg1 reason 231:236 the reason 227:236 the reason to which was unknown 227:257 OBJECTIVE There are one-way or two-way cross-reactions among Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown. 25272814 1 22 theme Streptococcus 181:193 arg1 serotype 200:207 Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown 181:257 serotype 200:207 OBJECTIVE There are one-way or two-way cross-reactions among Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown. 25272814 2 23 theme phenol-sulphuric 378:393 arg1 method 400:405 phenol-sulphuric acid method 378:405 phenol-sulphuric acid method 378:405 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 were purified on Sephacryl S-300 column and identified by phenol-sulphuric acid method and dot-ELISA. 25272814 4 24 theme pre-column 841:850 arg1 chromatography 891:904 pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 841:904 pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 841:904 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 8 25 theme capsular 1314:1321 arg1 polysaccharides 1323:1337 the capsular polysaccharides 1310:1337 the capsular polysaccharides 1310:1337 The cross-reactions among them could be induced by the structure of the capsular polysaccharides and/or the other components on the cell wall. 25272814 8 26 from components 1356:1365 arg1 wall 1379:1382 the cell wall 1370:1382 the cell wall 1370:1382 The cross-reactions among them could be induced by the structure of the capsular polysaccharides and/or the other components on the cell wall. 25272814 1 27 theme suis 195:198 arg1 reason 231:236 the reason 227:236 the reason to which was unknown 227:257 OBJECTIVE There are one-way or two-way cross-reactions among Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown. 25272814 1 27 theme suis 195:198 arg1 serotype 200:207 Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown 181:257 serotype 200:207 OBJECTIVE There are one-way or two-way cross-reactions among Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown. 25272814 0 28 theme capsular 45:52 arg1 polysaccharides 54:68 capsular polysaccharides 45:68 capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2 45:116 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 7 29 theme monosaccharide 1194:1207 arg1 composition 1209:1219 the monosaccharide composition 1190:1219 the monosaccharide composition 1190:1219 But there is no prominent correlation between the monosaccharide composition and cross-reactions. 25272814 4 30 theme performance 872:882 arg1 chromatography 891:904 pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 841:904 pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 841:904 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 0 31 from serotype 92:99 arg1 composition 30:40 monosaccharide composition 15:40 monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2 15:116 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 3 32 theme high 540:543 arg1 chromatography 572:585 high performance gel permeation chromatography 540:585 high performance gel permeation chromatography 540:585 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 4 33 theme high 867:870 arg1 chromatography 891:904 pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 841:904 pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 841:904 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 5 34 theme capsular 1017:1024 arg1 polysaccharides 1026:1040 2 capsular polysaccharides 1015:1040 2 capsular polysaccharides 1015:1040 These were compared with the composition of serotype 1 and 2 capsular polysaccharides. 25272814 0 35 theme composition 30:40 arg1 [Comparison 0:10 [Comparison 0:10 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2 0:116 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 4 36 theme labeling 919:926 arg1 HPLC 928:931 fluorescent labeling HPLC 907:931 fluorescent labeling HPLC 907:931 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 2 37 theme serotype 300:307 arg1 polysaccharides 281:295 The capsular polysaccharides 268:295 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 260:318 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 were purified on Sephacryl S-300 column and identified by phenol-sulphuric acid method and dot-ELISA. 25272814 0 38 theme polysaccharides 54:68 arg1 composition 30:40 monosaccharide composition 15:40 monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2 15:116 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 3 39 theme serotype 450:457 arg1 kDa 518:520 487.38 kDa 511:520 487.38 kDa 511:520 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 3 39 theme serotype 450:457 arg1 weight 436:441 The molecular weight 422:441 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides 422:493 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 3 39 theme serotype 450:457 arg1 kDa 533:535 512.72 kDa 526:535 512.72 kDa 526:535 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 3 40 theme permeation 561:570 arg1 chromatography 572:585 high performance gel permeation chromatography 540:585 high performance gel permeation chromatography 540:585 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 1 41 dep serotype 200:207 arg1 14 223:224 14 223:224 14 223:224 OBJECTIVE There are one-way or two-way cross-reactions among Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown. 25272814 1 41 dep serotype 200:207 arg1 1/2 215:217 1/2 215:217 1/2 215:217 OBJECTIVE There are one-way or two-way cross-reactions among Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown. 25272814 3 42 theme performance 545:555 arg1 chromatography 572:585 high performance gel permeation chromatography 540:585 high performance gel permeation chromatography 540:585 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 4 43 dep RESULTS 602:608 arg1 composition 629:639 The monosaccharide composition 610:639 The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 610:654 RESULTS The monosaccharide composition of serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was determined as Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1: 2.94 : 1.35 : 0.24 : 0.37) and Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc/Rha/Neu5Ac (1 : 1.67 : 1.05 : 0.93: 0.72 : 0.7) by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescent labeling HPLC and NMR, respectively. 25272814 6 44 theme capsular 1090:1097 arg1 polysaccharides 1099:1113 the capsular polysaccharides 1086:1113 the capsular polysaccharides of serotype 1 1086:1127 Glc, GlcN, Gal and Neu5Ac was contained in the capsular polysaccharides of serotype 1, 2 14 and 1/2. 25272814 6 44 theme capsular 1090:1097 arg1 14 1132:1133 14 1132:1133 14 1132:1133 Glc, GlcN, Gal and Neu5Ac was contained in the capsular polysaccharides of serotype 1, 2 14 and 1/2. 25272814 6 44 theme capsular 1090:1097 arg1 1/2 1139:1141 1/2 1139:1141 1/2 1139:1141 Glc, GlcN, Gal and Neu5Ac was contained in the capsular polysaccharides of serotype 1, 2 14 and 1/2. 25272814 5 45 theme serotype 1000:1007 arg1 composition 985:995 the composition 981:995 the composition of serotype 1 981:1009 These were compared with the composition of serotype 1 and 2 capsular polysaccharides. 25272814 5 45 theme serotype 1000:1007 arg1 polysaccharides 1026:1040 2 capsular polysaccharides 1015:1040 2 capsular polysaccharides 1015:1040 These were compared with the composition of serotype 1 and 2 capsular polysaccharides. 25272814 8 46 theme other 1350:1354 arg1 components 1356:1365 the other components 1346:1365 the other components on the cell wall 1346:1382 The cross-reactions among them could be induced by the structure of the capsular polysaccharides and/or the other components on the cell wall. 25272814 2 47 theme capsular 272:279 arg1 polysaccharides 281:295 The capsular polysaccharides 268:295 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 260:318 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 were purified on Sephacryl S-300 column and identified by phenol-sulphuric acid method and dot-ELISA. 25272814 0 48 theme suis 87:90 arg1 serotype 92:99 Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2 73:116 serotype 92:99 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 3 49 theme gel 557:559 arg1 chromatography 572:585 high performance gel permeation chromatography 540:585 high performance gel permeation chromatography 540:585 The molecular weight of the serotype 14 and 1/2 capsular polysaccharides was revealed as 487.38 kDa and 512.72 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography, respectively. 25272814 1 50 theme two-way 151:157 arg1 cross-reactions 159:173 one-way or two-way cross-reactions 140:173 one-way or two-way cross-reactions 140:173 OBJECTIVE There are one-way or two-way cross-reactions among Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14, the reason to which was unknown. 25272814 0 51 from 1/2 114:116 arg1 composition 30:40 monosaccharide composition 15:40 monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2 15:116 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 0 52 theme Streptococcus 73:85 arg1 serotype 92:99 Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2 73:116 serotype 92:99 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 0 53 from composition 30:40 arg1 serotype 92:99 Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2 73:116 serotype 92:99 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 0 53 from composition 30:40 arg1 1/2 114:116 1/2 114:116 1/2 114:116 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 0 54 theme monosaccharide 15:28 arg1 composition 30:40 monosaccharide composition 15:40 monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2 15:116 [Comparison of monosaccharide composition of capsular polysaccharides in Streptococcus suis serotype 1, 2, 14 and 1/2]. 25272814 2 55 theme 1/2 316:318 arg1 polysaccharides 281:295 The capsular polysaccharides 268:295 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 260:318 METHODS The capsular polysaccharides of serotype 14 and 1/2 were purified on Sephacryl S-300 column and identified by phenol-sulphuric acid method and dot-ELISA. 25302948 12 0 theme special 2304:2310 arg1 issue 2312:2316 Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue 2278:2316 Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation 2278:2340 This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation. 25302948 7 1 theme middle 1309:1314 arg1 MCAO 1343:1346 MCAO 1343:1346 MCAO 1343:1346 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 7 1 theme middle 1309:1314 arg1 occlusion 1332:1340 middle cerebral artery occlusion 1309:1340 middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) 1309:1347 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 3 2 theme neural 511:516 arg1 restoration 518:528 neural restoration 511:528 neural restoration after stroke 511:541 Reconstruction of a proper niche for promoting local angiogenesis, therefore, should be a key approach for neural restoration after stroke. 25302948 11 3 theme ischemic 2080:2087 arg1 region 2089:2094 the ischemic region 2076:2094 the ischemic region 2076:2094 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 8 4 theme HA 1558:1559 arg1 hydrogel 1561:1568 the HA hydrogel 1554:1568 the HA hydrogel 1554:1568 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 5 5 theme hydrogel 793:800 arg1 factors 957:963 two factors 953:963 two factors that stimulate angiogenesis 953:991 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 5 theme hydrogel 793:800 arg1 scaffold 802:809 a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold 750:809 a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold 750:809 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 11 6 theme present 1950:1956 arg1 study 1958:1962 this present study 1945:1962 this present study 1945:1962 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 9 7 theme normal 1753:1758 arg1 brain 1772:1776 the normal or ischemic brain 1749:1776 the normal or ischemic brain of mice 1749:1784 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 4 8 theme injured 625:631 arg1 area 633:636 the injured area 621:636 the injured area of the brain 621:649 In the present study, a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain was created for experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse. 25302948 9 9 with compatibility 1644:1656 arg1 tissue 1673:1678 the brain tissue 1663:1678 the brain tissue 1663:1678 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 9 10 theme ischemic 1763:1770 arg1 brain 1772:1776 the normal or ischemic brain 1749:1776 the normal or ischemic brain of mice 1749:1784 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 2 11 theme unpropitious 260:271 arg1 niche 273:277 an unpropitious niche 257:277 an unpropitious niche in the injured area 257:297 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 25302948 12 12 theme Cell 2321:2324 arg1 Transplantation 2326:2340 Cell Transplantation 2321:2340 Cell Transplantation 2321:2340 This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation. 25302948 12 13 theme Association 2263:2273 arg1 manuscript 2210:2219 This manuscript 2205:2219 This manuscript 2205:2219 This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation. 25302948 12 13 theme Association 2263:2273 arg1 part 2237:2240 part 2237:2240 part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation 2237:2340 This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation. 25302948 5 14 theme -based 772:777 arg1 factors 957:963 two factors 953:963 two factors that stimulate angiogenesis 953:991 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 14 theme -based 772:777 arg1 scaffold 802:809 a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold 750:809 a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold 750:809 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 6 15 theme neural 1113:1118 arg1 regeneration 1120:1131 neural regeneration 1113:1131 neural regeneration 1113:1131 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 5 16 theme acid 847:850 arg1 microspheres 860:871 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 823:871 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) 823:950 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 2 17 from generation 243:252 arg1 area 294:297 the injured area 282:297 the injured area 282:297 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 25302948 4 18 theme experimental 667:678 arg1 therapy 680:686 experimental therapy 667:686 experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse 667:717 In the present study, a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain was created for experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse. 25302948 10 19 theme HA-PLGA 1850:1856 arg1 hydrogel 1858:1865 the implanted HA-PLGA hydrogel 1836:1865 the implanted HA-PLGA hydrogel 1836:1865 Particularly, good angiogenesis was found around the implanted HA-PLGA hydrogel, and the mouse models clearly showed a behavioral improvement. 25302948 1 20 from stage 210:214 arg1 difficult 154:162 difficult 154:162 difficult 154:162 Neural restoration has proven to be difficult after brain stroke, especially in its chronic stage. 25302948 6 21 theme multiple 1065:1072 arg1 proteins 1092:1099 multiple inhibitory myelin proteins 1065:1099 multiple inhibitory myelin proteins 1065:1099 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 6 22 theme myelin 1085:1090 arg1 proteins 1092:1099 multiple inhibitory myelin proteins 1065:1099 multiple inhibitory myelin proteins 1065:1099 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 1 23 from difficult 154:162 arg1 stage 210:214 its chronic stage 198:214 its chronic stage 198:214 Neural restoration has proven to be difficult after brain stroke, especially in its chronic stage. 25302948 2 24 from niche 273:277 arg1 area 294:297 the injured area 282:297 the injured area 282:297 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 25302948 11 25 theme promising 2016:2024 arg1 hydrogel 2002:2009 the HA-PLGA hydrogel 1990:2009 the HA-PLGA hydrogel 1990:2009 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 11 25 theme promising 2016:2024 arg1 material 2026:2033 a promising material 2014:2033 a promising material 2014:2033 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 11 25 theme promising 2016:2024 arg1 able 2045:2048 able 2045:2048 able 2045:2048 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 0 26 from therapy 17:23 arg1 ischemia 34:41 brain ischemia 28:41 brain ischemia 28:41 The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse. 25302948 4 27 theme brain 645:649 arg1 area 633:636 the injured area 621:636 the injured area of the brain 621:649 In the present study, a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain was created for experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse. 25302948 0 28 theme angiogenesis 67:78 arg1 improvement 46:56 improvement 46:56 improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse 46:115 The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse. 25302948 9 29 theme new 1608:1610 arg1 material 1612:1619 This new material 1603:1619 This new material 1603:1619 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 0 30 theme tissue 85:90 arg1 engineering 92:102 tissue engineering 85:102 tissue engineering in the mouse 85:115 The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse. 25302948 5 31 theme endothelial 893:903 arg1 VEGF 920:923 VEGF 920:923 VEGF 920:923 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 31 theme endothelial 893:903 arg1 factor 912:917 vascular endothelial growth factor 884:917 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 884:924 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 11 32 theme neural 2159:2164 arg1 restoration 2166:2176 neural restoration 2159:2176 neural restoration in later stages of stroke 2159:2202 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 2 33 theme numerous 353:360 arg1 inhibitors 362:371 numerous inhibitors 353:371 numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration 353:401 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 25302948 11 34 theme stroke 2197:2202 arg1 stages 2187:2192 later stages 2181:2192 later stages of stroke 2181:2202 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 9 35 theme good 1639:1642 arg1 compatibility 1644:1656 good compatibility 1639:1656 good compatibility with the brain tissue 1639:1678 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 9 36 from implantation 1733:1744 arg1 brain 1772:1776 the normal or ischemic brain 1749:1776 the normal or ischemic brain of mice 1749:1784 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 4 37 theme ischemia 697:704 arg1 therapy 680:686 experimental therapy 667:686 experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse 667:717 In the present study, a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain was created for experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse. 25302948 7 38 theme function 1400:1407 arg1 restoration 1379:1389 restoration 1379:1389 restoration of brain function after ischemia 1379:1422 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 12 39 theme Neurorestoratology 2278:2295 arg1 issue 2312:2316 Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue 2278:2316 Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation 2278:2340 This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation. 25302948 3 40 theme proper 424:429 arg1 niche 431:435 a proper niche 422:435 a proper niche 422:435 Reconstruction of a proper niche for promoting local angiogenesis, therefore, should be a key approach for neural restoration after stroke. 25302948 0 41 theme brain 28:32 arg1 ischemia 34:41 brain ischemia 28:41 brain ischemia 28:41 The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse. 25302948 9 42 theme brain 1667:1671 arg1 tissue 1673:1678 the brain tissue 1663:1678 the brain tissue 1663:1678 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 6 43 theme receptor 1028:1035 arg1 antibody 1011:1018 the antibody 1007:1018 the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, 1007:1132 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 3 44 theme local 451:455 arg1 angiogenesis 457:468 local angiogenesis 451:468 local angiogenesis 451:468 Reconstruction of a proper niche for promoting local angiogenesis, therefore, should be a key approach for neural restoration after stroke. 25302948 12 45 theme IANR 2298:2301 arg1 issue 2312:2316 Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue 2278:2316 Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation 2278:2340 This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation. 25302948 1 46 theme chronic 202:208 arg1 stage 210:214 its chronic stage 198:214 its chronic stage 198:214 Neural restoration has proven to be difficult after brain stroke, especially in its chronic stage. 25302948 7 47 theme new 1362:1364 arg1 approach 1366:1373 a new approach 1360:1373 a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia 1360:1422 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 8 48 theme human 1462:1466 arg1 HUAECs 1504:1509 HUAECs 1504:1509 HUAECs 1504:1509 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 8 48 theme human 1462:1466 arg1 cells 1497:1501 human umbilical artery endothelial cells 1462:1501 human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) 1462:1510 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 3 49 theme niche 431:435 arg1 Reconstruction 404:417 Reconstruction 404:417 Reconstruction of a proper niche for promoting local angiogenesis 404:468 Reconstruction of a proper niche for promoting local angiogenesis, therefore, should be a key approach for neural restoration after stroke. 25302948 3 49 theme niche 431:435 arg1 approach 498:505 a key approach 492:505 a key approach for neural restoration after stroke 492:541 Reconstruction of a proper niche for promoting local angiogenesis, therefore, should be a key approach for neural restoration after stroke. 25302948 2 50 theme support 327:333 arg1 loss 310:313 loss 310:313 loss of vascular support 310:333 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 25302948 8 51 theme stem 1523:1526 arg1 NSCs 1535:1538 NSCs 1535:1538 NSCs 1535:1538 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 8 51 theme stem 1523:1526 arg1 cells 1528:1532 neural stem cells 1516:1532 neural stem cells (NSCs) 1516:1539 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 11 52 theme HA-PLGA 1994:2000 arg1 hydrogel 2002:2009 the HA-PLGA hydrogel 1990:2009 the HA-PLGA hydrogel 1990:2009 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 11 52 theme HA-PLGA 1994:2000 arg1 material 2026:2033 a promising material 2014:2033 a promising material 2014:2033 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 11 52 theme HA-PLGA 1994:2000 arg1 able 2045:2048 able 2045:2048 able 2045:2048 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 11 53 theme suitable 2140:2147 arg1 niche 2149:2153 a suitable niche 2138:2153 a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke 2138:2202 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 8 54 theme artery 1478:1483 arg1 HUAECs 1504:1509 HUAECs 1504:1509 HUAECs 1504:1509 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 8 54 theme artery 1478:1483 arg1 cells 1497:1501 human umbilical artery endothelial cells 1462:1501 human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) 1462:1510 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 11 55 from restoration 2166:2176 arg1 stages 2187:2192 later stages 2181:2192 later stages of stroke 2181:2202 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 2 56 from area 294:297 arg1 generation 243:252 the generation 239:252 the generation 239:252 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 25302948 10 57 theme behavioral 1906:1915 arg1 improvement 1917:1927 a behavioral improvement 1904:1927 a behavioral improvement 1904:1927 Particularly, good angiogenesis was found around the implanted HA-PLGA hydrogel, and the mouse models clearly showed a behavioral improvement. 25302948 8 58 theme cells 1497:1501 arg1 proliferation 1445:1457 proliferation 1445:1457 proliferation 1445:1457 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 8 58 theme cells 1497:1501 arg1 survival 1432:1439 A good survival 1425:1439 A good survival 1425:1439 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 7 59 theme cerebral 1316:1323 arg1 MCAO 1343:1346 MCAO 1343:1346 MCAO 1343:1346 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 7 59 theme cerebral 1316:1323 arg1 occlusion 1332:1340 middle cerebral artery occlusion 1309:1340 middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) 1309:1347 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 6 60 attach attached 1149:1156 arg3 addition 997:1004 addition 997:1004 addition 997:1004 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 6 60 attach attached 1149:1156 arg1 hydrogel 1165:1172 the hydrogel 1161:1172 the hydrogel 1161:1172 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 6 60 attach attached 1149:1156 arg2 antibody 1011:1018 the antibody 1007:1018 the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, 1007:1132 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 4 61 theme present 551:557 arg1 study 559:563 the present study 547:563 the present study 547:563 In the present study, a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain was created for experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse. 25302948 3 62 theme key 494:496 arg1 approach 498:505 a key approach 492:505 a key approach for neural restoration after stroke 492:541 Reconstruction of a proper niche for promoting local angiogenesis, therefore, should be a key approach for neural restoration after stroke. 25302948 3 62 theme key 494:496 arg1 Reconstruction 404:417 Reconstruction 404:417 Reconstruction of a proper niche for promoting local angiogenesis 404:468 Reconstruction of a proper niche for promoting local angiogenesis, therefore, should be a key approach for neural restoration after stroke. 25302948 5 63 theme biodegradable 779:791 arg1 factors 957:963 two factors 953:963 two factors that stimulate angiogenesis 953:991 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 63 theme biodegradable 779:791 arg1 scaffold 802:809 a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold 750:809 a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold 750:809 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 7 64 theme artery 1325:1330 arg1 MCAO 1343:1346 MCAO 1343:1346 MCAO 1343:1346 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 7 64 theme artery 1325:1330 arg1 occlusion 1332:1340 middle cerebral artery occlusion 1309:1340 middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) 1309:1347 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 9 65 with inhibition 1684:1693 arg1 tissue 1673:1678 the brain tissue 1663:1678 the brain tissue 1663:1678 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 1 66 theme brain 170:174 arg1 stroke 176:181 brain stroke 170:181 brain stroke 170:181 Neural restoration has proven to be difficult after brain stroke, especially in its chronic stage. 25302948 7 67 theme mouse 1292:1296 arg1 model 1298:1302 the mouse model 1288:1302 the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia 1288:1422 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 5 68 contain containing 873:882 arg1 microspheres 860:871 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 823:871 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) 823:950 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 68 contain containing 873:882 arg2 factor 912:917 vascular endothelial growth factor 884:917 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 884:924 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 68 contain containing 873:882 arg2 Ang1 946:949 Ang1 946:949 Ang1 946:949 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 68 contain containing 873:882 arg2 angiopoietin-1 930:943 angiopoietin-1 930:943 angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) 930:950 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 68 contain containing 873:882 arg2 VEGF 920:923 VEGF 920:923 VEGF 920:923 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 6 69 theme neural 1227:1232 arg1 survival 1234:1241 neural survival 1227:1241 neural survival 1227:1241 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 2 70 theme niche 273:277 arg1 generation 243:252 the generation 239:252 the generation 239:252 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 25302948 12 71 theme International 2249:2261 arg1 Association 2263:2273 the International Association 2245:2273 the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation 2245:2340 This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation. 25302948 6 72 theme suitable 1214:1221 arg1 hydrogel 1186:1193 the hydrogel 1182:1193 the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival 1182:1241 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 8 73 theme PLGA 1575:1578 arg1 microspheres 1580:1591 PLGA microspheres 1575:1591 PLGA microspheres 1575:1591 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 9 74 theme mice 1781:1784 arg1 brain 1772:1776 the normal or ischemic brain 1749:1776 the normal or ischemic brain of mice 1749:1784 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 11 75 from results 1934:1940 arg1 study 1958:1962 this present study 1945:1962 this present study 1945:1962 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 6 76 theme bioactive 1200:1208 arg1 hydrogel 1186:1193 the hydrogel 1182:1193 the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival 1182:1241 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 9 77 contain have 1634:1637 arg1 material 1612:1619 This new material 1603:1619 This new material 1603:1619 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 9 77 contain have 1634:1637 arg2 compatibility 1644:1656 good compatibility 1639:1656 good compatibility with the brain tissue 1639:1678 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 9 77 contain have 1634:1637 arg2 inhibition 1684:1693 inhibition 1684:1693 inhibition to gliosis and inflammation 1684:1721 This new material was shown to have good compatibility with the brain tissue and inhibition to gliosis and inflammation after its implantation in the normal or ischemic brain of mice. 25302948 5 78 theme lactic-co-glycolic 828:845 arg1 microspheres 860:871 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 823:871 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) 823:950 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 10 79 theme good 1801:1804 arg1 angiogenesis 1806:1817 good angiogenesis 1801:1817 good angiogenesis 1801:1817 Particularly, good angiogenesis was found around the implanted HA-PLGA hydrogel, and the mouse models clearly showed a behavioral improvement. 25302948 11 80 from angiogenesis 2060:2071 arg1 region 2089:2094 the ischemic region 2076:2094 the ischemic region 2076:2094 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 1 81 theme Neural 118:123 arg1 restoration 125:135 Neural restoration 118:135 Neural restoration 118:135 Neural restoration has proven to be difficult after brain stroke, especially in its chronic stage. 25302948 0 82 from engineering 92:102 arg1 mouse 111:115 the mouse 107:115 the mouse 107:115 The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse. 25302948 10 83 theme implanted 1840:1848 arg1 hydrogel 1858:1865 the implanted HA-PLGA hydrogel 1836:1865 the implanted HA-PLGA hydrogel 1836:1865 Particularly, good angiogenesis was found around the implanted HA-PLGA hydrogel, and the mouse models clearly showed a behavioral improvement. 25302948 0 84 theme local 61:65 arg1 angiogenesis 67:78 local angiogenesis 61:78 local angiogenesis 61:78 The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse. 25302948 6 85 theme inhibitory 1074:1083 arg1 proteins 1092:1099 multiple inhibitory myelin proteins 1065:1099 multiple inhibitory myelin proteins 1065:1099 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 5 86 theme poly 823:826 arg1 microspheres 860:871 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 823:871 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) 823:950 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 87 theme vascular 884:891 arg1 VEGF 920:923 VEGF 920:923 VEGF 920:923 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 87 theme vascular 884:891 arg1 factor 912:917 vascular endothelial growth factor 884:917 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 884:924 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 88 theme growth 905:910 arg1 VEGF 920:923 VEGF 920:923 VEGF 920:923 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 5 88 theme growth 905:910 arg1 factor 912:917 vascular endothelial growth factor 884:917 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 884:924 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 0 89 theme experimental 4:15 arg1 therapy 17:23 The experimental therapy 0:23 The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse. 0:116 The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse. 25302948 5 90 theme PLGA 854:857 arg1 microspheres 860:871 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres 823:871 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) 823:950 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 11 91 theme later 2181:2185 arg1 stages 2187:2192 later stages 2181:2192 later stages of stroke 2181:2202 The results in this present study indicate, therefore, that the HA-PLGA hydrogel is a promising material, which is able to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic region by releasing VEGF and Ang1, thus creating a suitable niche for neural restoration in later stages of stroke. 25302948 5 92 theme hyaluronic 752:761 arg1 acid 763:766 hyaluronic acid 752:766 hyaluronic acid 752:766 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 4 93 from therapy 680:686 arg1 mouse 713:717 the mouse 709:717 the mouse 709:717 In the present study, a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain was created for experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse. 25302948 8 94 theme good 1427:1430 arg1 survival 1432:1439 A good survival 1425:1439 A good survival 1425:1439 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 4 95 theme brain 691:695 arg1 ischemia 697:704 brain ischemia 691:704 brain ischemia 691:704 In the present study, a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain was created for experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse. 25302948 2 96 theme neuronal 381:388 arg1 regeneration 390:401 neuronal regeneration 381:401 neuronal regeneration 381:401 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 25302948 7 97 with model 1298:1302 arg1 MCAO 1343:1346 MCAO 1343:1346 MCAO 1343:1346 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 7 97 with model 1298:1302 arg1 occlusion 1332:1340 middle cerebral artery occlusion 1309:1340 middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) 1309:1347 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 4 98 theme biomaterial 572:582 arg1 composite 584:592 a new biomaterial composite 566:592 a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain 566:649 In the present study, a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain was created for experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse. 25302948 2 99 theme inhibitors 362:371 arg1 production 339:348 production 339:348 production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration 339:401 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 25302948 7 100 theme brain 1394:1398 arg1 function 1400:1407 brain function 1394:1407 brain function 1394:1407 This composite (HA-PLGA) was implanted into the mouse model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to explore a new approach for restoration of brain function after ischemia. 25302948 8 101 theme neural 1516:1521 arg1 NSCs 1535:1538 NSCs 1535:1538 NSCs 1535:1538 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 8 101 theme neural 1516:1521 arg1 cells 1528:1532 neural stem cells 1516:1532 neural stem cells (NSCs) 1516:1539 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 6 102 theme Nogo 1023:1026 arg1 NgR-Ab 1038:1043 NgR-Ab 1038:1043 NgR-Ab 1038:1043 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 6 102 theme Nogo 1023:1026 arg1 receptor 1028:1035 Nogo receptor 1023:1035 Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab) 1023:1044 In addition, the antibody of Nogo receptor (NgR-Ab), which can bind to multiple inhibitory myelin proteins and promote neural regeneration, was covalently attached to the hydrogel, making the hydrogel more bioactive and suitable for neural survival. 25302948 12 103 theme Transplantation 2326:2340 arg1 issue 2312:2316 Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue 2278:2316 Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation 2278:2340 This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation. 25302948 8 104 theme umbilical 1468:1476 arg1 HUAECs 1504:1509 HUAECs 1504:1509 HUAECs 1504:1509 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 8 104 theme umbilical 1468:1476 arg1 cells 1497:1501 human umbilical artery endothelial cells 1462:1501 human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) 1462:1510 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 5 105 dep -based 772:777 arg1 acid 763:766 hyaluronic acid 752:766 hyaluronic acid 752:766 This composite was made using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biodegradable hydrogel scaffold, mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), two factors that stimulate angiogenesis. 25302948 0 106 with improvement 46:56 arg1 engineering 92:102 tissue engineering 85:102 tissue engineering in the mouse 85:115 The experimental therapy on brain ischemia by improvement of local angiogenesis with tissue engineering in the mouse. 25302948 2 107 theme injured 286:292 arg1 area 294:297 the injured area 282:297 the injured area 282:297 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 25302948 8 108 theme cells 1528:1532 arg1 proliferation 1445:1457 proliferation 1445:1457 proliferation 1445:1457 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 8 108 theme cells 1528:1532 arg1 survival 1432:1439 A good survival 1425:1439 A good survival 1425:1439 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 12 109 theme issue 2312:2316 arg1 Association 2263:2273 the International Association 2245:2273 the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation 2245:2340 This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation. 25302948 10 110 theme mouse 1876:1880 arg1 models 1882:1887 the mouse models 1872:1887 the mouse models 1872:1887 Particularly, good angiogenesis was found around the implanted HA-PLGA hydrogel, and the mouse models clearly showed a behavioral improvement. 25302948 8 111 theme endothelial 1485:1495 arg1 HUAECs 1504:1509 HUAECs 1504:1509 HUAECs 1504:1509 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 8 111 theme endothelial 1485:1495 arg1 cells 1497:1501 human umbilical artery endothelial cells 1462:1501 human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) 1462:1510 A good survival and proliferation of human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were seen on the HA hydrogel with PLGA microspheres in vitro. 25302948 4 112 theme new 568:570 arg1 composite 584:592 a new biomaterial composite 566:592 a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain 566:649 In the present study, a new biomaterial composite that could be implanted in the injured area of the brain was created for experimental therapy of brain ischemia in the mouse. 25302948 2 113 theme vascular 318:325 arg1 support 327:333 vascular support 318:333 vascular support 318:333 This is mainly due to the generation of an unpropitious niche in the injured area, including loss of vascular support but production of numerous inhibitors against neuronal regeneration. 26867728 3 0 theme non-motile 293:302 arg1 strain 215:220 The strain 211:220 The strain 211:220 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 3 0 theme non-motile 293:302 arg1 rod 350:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 5 1 theme rRNA 608:611 arg1 similarity 627:636 98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 588:636 98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 588:636 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 5 2 theme related 496:502 arg1 7083T 541:545 Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T 517:545 Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T 517:545 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 5 2 theme related 496:502 arg1 strains 504:510 The most closely related strains 479:510 The most closely related strains 479:510 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 2 3 theme vaginal 130:136 arg1 fluid 138:142 the vaginal fluid 126:142 the vaginal fluid of a Korean female 126:161 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 11 4 theme novel 1364:1368 arg1 species 1370:1376 a novel species 1362:1376 a novel species 1362:1376 Data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain AD1-86T represents a novel species of the genus Dermabacter, for which the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 26867728 12 5 theme type 1471:1474 arg1 AD1-86T 1486:1492 AD1-86T 1486:1492 AD1-86T (=KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T) 1486:1519 nov. is proposed; the type strain is AD1-86T (=KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T). 26867728 12 5 theme type 1471:1474 arg1 strain 1476:1481 the type strain 1467:1481 the type strain 1467:1481 nov. is proposed; the type strain is AD1-86T (=KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T). 26867728 5 6 theme gene 613:616 arg1 similarity 627:636 98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 588:636 98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 588:636 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 5 7 theme massiliensis 565:576 arg1 6401990T 578:585 Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T 551:585 Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) 551:651 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 8 8 theme hominis 964:970 arg1 7083T 976:980 D. hominis DSM 7083T 961:980 D. hominis DSM 7083T 961:980 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 11 9 theme Dermabacter 1391:1401 arg1 species 1370:1376 a novel species 1362:1376 a novel species 1362:1376 Data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain AD1-86T represents a novel species of the genus Dermabacter, for which the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 26867728 7 10 contain contained 829:837 arg1 hydrolysates 816:827 the cell-wall hydrolysates 802:827 the cell-wall hydrolysates 802:827 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. 26867728 7 10 contain contained 829:837 arg2 glucose 861:867 glucose 861:867 glucose 861:867 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. 26867728 7 10 contain contained 829:837 arg2 galactose 847:855 galactose 847:855 galactose 847:855 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. 26867728 7 10 contain contained 829:837 arg2 ribose 839:844 ribose 839:844 ribose 839:844 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. 26867728 5 11 theme sequence 618:625 arg1 similarity 627:636 98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 588:636 98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 588:636 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 6 12 theme NaCl 729:732 arg1 presence 706:713 the presence 702:713 the presence of 0.5% (w/v) NaCl 702:732 The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7 in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. 26867728 1 13 theme human 46:50 arg1 fluid 60:64 human vaginal fluid 46:64 human vaginal fluid 46:64 nov., isolated from human vaginal fluid. 26867728 11 14 theme polyphasic 1305:1314 arg1 study 1316:1320 this polyphasic study 1300:1320 this polyphasic study 1300:1320 Data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain AD1-86T represents a novel species of the genus Dermabacter, for which the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 26867728 4 15 theme agar 446:449 arg1 plates 451:456 DSM 92 agar plates 439:456 DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days 439:476 Colonies were creamy white, of low convexity and 1-2 mm in diameter after growth on DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days. 26867728 4 16 from 37 °C 461:465 arg1 plates 451:456 DSM 92 agar plates 439:456 DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days 439:476 Colonies were creamy white, of low convexity and 1-2 mm in diameter after growth on DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days. 26867728 4 17 theme convexity 390:398 arg1 creamy 369:374 creamy white 369:380 creamy white 369:380 Colonies were creamy white, of low convexity and 1-2 mm in diameter after growth on DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days. 26867728 1 18 theme vaginal 52:58 arg1 fluid 60:64 human vaginal fluid 46:64 human vaginal fluid 46:64 nov., isolated from human vaginal fluid. 26867728 5 19 dep Dermabacter 517:527 arg1 hominis 529:535 hominis 529:535 hominis 529:535 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 3 20 theme oxidase-negative 327:342 arg1 strain 215:220 The strain 211:220 The strain 211:220 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 3 20 theme oxidase-negative 327:342 arg1 rod 350:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 6 21 dep % 721:721 arg1 w/v 724:726 w/v 724:726 w/v 724:726 The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7 in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. 26867728 10 22 theme lipid 1165:1169 arg1 profile 1171:1177 The polar lipid profile 1155:1177 The polar lipid profile of strain AD1-86T 1155:1195 The polar lipid profile of strain AD1-86T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminolipids and a glycolipid. 26867728 4 23 theme low 386:388 arg1 convexity 390:398 low convexity 386:398 low convexity 386:398 Colonies were creamy white, of low convexity and 1-2 mm in diameter after growth on DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days. 26867728 7 24 theme cell-wall 806:814 arg1 hydrolysates 816:827 the cell-wall hydrolysates 802:827 the cell-wall hydrolysates 802:827 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. 26867728 3 25 theme short 344:348 arg1 strain 215:220 The strain 211:220 The strain 211:220 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 3 25 theme short 344:348 arg1 rod 350:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 5 26 theme DSM 537:539 arg1 7083T 541:545 Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T 517:545 Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T 517:545 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 5 26 theme DSM 537:539 arg1 strains 504:510 The most closely related strains 479:510 The most closely related strains 479:510 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 5 27 dep similarity 627:636 arg1 % 602:602 % 602:602 % 602:602 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 11 28 theme strain 1336:1341 arg1 AD1-86T 1343:1349 strain AD1-86T 1336:1349 strain AD1-86T 1336:1349 Data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain AD1-86T represents a novel species of the genus Dermabacter, for which the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 26867728 0 29 theme vaginalis 12:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Dermabacter vaginalis sp 0:23 Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 0:24 Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 26867728 0 30 theme Dermabacter 0:10 arg1 sp 22:23 Dermabacter vaginalis sp 0:23 Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 0:24 Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 26867728 11 31 theme Dermabacter 1423:1433 arg1 sp 1445:1446 the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp 1414:1446 the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp 1414:1446 Data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain AD1-86T represents a novel species of the genus Dermabacter, for which the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 26867728 5 32 theme 16S 604:606 arg1 similarity 627:636 98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 588:636 98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 588:636 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 4 33 theme white 376:380 arg1 creamy 369:374 creamy white 369:380 creamy white 369:380 Colonies were creamy white, of low convexity and 1-2 mm in diameter after growth on DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days. 26867728 4 34 from creamy 369:374 arg1 diameter 414:421 diameter 414:421 diameter 414:421 Colonies were creamy white, of low convexity and 1-2 mm in diameter after growth on DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days. 26867728 10 35 theme AD1-86T 1189:1195 arg1 profile 1171:1177 The polar lipid profile 1155:1177 The polar lipid profile of strain AD1-86T 1155:1195 The polar lipid profile of strain AD1-86T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminolipids and a glycolipid. 26867728 8 36 theme isolate 950:956 arg1 value 937:941 the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value 908:941 the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T 908:980 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 8 36 theme isolate 950:956 arg1 % 994:994 31.1±3.0% 986:994 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%) 986:1018 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 6 37 theme % 721:721 arg1 NaCl 729:732 0.5% (w/v) NaCl 718:732 0.5% (w/v) NaCl 718:732 The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7 in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. 26867728 3 38 theme anaerobic 242:250 arg1 strain 215:220 The strain 211:220 The strain 211:220 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 3 38 theme anaerobic 242:250 arg1 rod 350:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 5 39 theme Helcobacillus 551:563 arg1 6401990T 578:585 Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T 551:585 Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) 551:651 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 7 40 theme meso-diaminopimelic 773:791 arg1 acid 793:796 meso-diaminopimelic acid 773:796 meso-diaminopimelic acid 773:796 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. 26867728 9 41 theme fatty 1040:1044 arg1 acids 1046:1050 The major cellular fatty acids 1021:1050 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) 1021:1057 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the menaquinones were MK-9, MK-8 and MK-7. 26867728 9 41 theme fatty 1040:1044 arg1 % 1056:1056 >10% 1053:1056 >10% 1053:1056 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the menaquinones were MK-9, MK-8 and MK-7. 26867728 9 41 theme fatty 1040:1044 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1064:1076 anteiso-C17:0 1064:1076 anteiso-C17:0 1064:1076 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the menaquinones were MK-9, MK-8 and MK-7. 26867728 2 42 theme Korean 149:154 arg1 female 156:161 a Korean female 147:161 a Korean female 147:161 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 7 43 theme cell-wall 739:747 arg1 peptidoglycan 749:761 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 735:761 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 735:761 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. 26867728 12 44 theme 39585T=DSM 1501:1510 arg1 100050T 1512:1518 =KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T 1495:1518 =KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T 1495:1518 nov. is proposed; the type strain is AD1-86T (=KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T). 26867728 12 44 theme 39585T=DSM 1501:1510 arg1 AD1-86T 1486:1492 AD1-86T 1486:1492 AD1-86T (=KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T) 1486:1519 nov. is proposed; the type strain is AD1-86T (=KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T). 26867728 5 45 dep % 602:602 arg1 96.3  597:601 96.3  597:601 96.3  597:601 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 5 45 dep % 602:602 arg1 98.3 588:591 98.3 588:591 98.3 588:591 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 10 46 theme polar 1159:1163 arg1 profile 1171:1177 The polar lipid profile 1155:1177 The polar lipid profile of strain AD1-86T 1155:1195 The polar lipid profile of strain AD1-86T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminolipids and a glycolipid. 26867728 4 47 from growth 429:434 arg1 plates 451:456 DSM 92 agar plates 439:456 DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days 439:476 Colonies were creamy white, of low convexity and 1-2 mm in diameter after growth on DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days. 26867728 8 48 theme mean 912:915 arg1 value 937:941 the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value 908:941 the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T 908:980 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 8 48 theme mean 912:915 arg1 % 994:994 31.1±3.0% 986:994 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%) 986:1018 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 11 49 theme vaginalis 1435:1443 arg1 sp 1445:1446 the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp 1414:1446 the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp 1414:1446 Data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain AD1-86T represents a novel species of the genus Dermabacter, for which the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 26867728 8 50 theme relatedness 925:935 arg1 value 937:941 the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value 908:941 the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T 908:980 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 8 50 theme relatedness 925:935 arg1 % 994:994 31.1±3.0% 986:994 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%) 986:1018 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 7 51 contain contained 763:771 arg1 peptidoglycan 749:761 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 735:761 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 735:761 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. 26867728 7 51 contain contained 763:771 arg2 acid 793:796 meso-diaminopimelic acid 773:796 meso-diaminopimelic acid 773:796 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. 26867728 4 52 theme DSM 439:441 arg1 plates 451:456 DSM 92 agar plates 439:456 DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days 439:476 Colonies were creamy white, of low convexity and 1-2 mm in diameter after growth on DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days. 26867728 2 53 theme polyphasic 190:199 arg1 approach 201:208 a polyphasic approach 188:208 a polyphasic approach 188:208 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 8 54 theme DNA 874:876 arg1 content 882:888 The DNA G+C content 870:888 The DNA G+C content 870:888 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 8 54 theme DNA 874:876 arg1 % 902:902 62.6 mol% 894:902 62.6 mol% 894:902 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 8 55 theme DNA-DNA 917:923 arg1 value 937:941 the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value 908:941 the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T 908:980 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 8 55 theme DNA-DNA 917:923 arg1 % 994:994 31.1±3.0% 986:994 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%) 986:1018 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 8 56 dep reciprocal 997:1006 arg1 % 1017:1017 48.2±5.3% 1009:1017 48.2±5.3% 1009:1017 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 2 57 theme actinobacterial 75:89 arg1 AD1-86T 99:105 AD1-86T 99:105 AD1-86T 99:105 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 2 57 theme actinobacterial 75:89 arg1 strain 91:96 A novel actinobacterial strain 67:96 A novel actinobacterial strain 67:96 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 3 58 theme non-spore-forming 274:290 arg1 strain 215:220 The strain 211:220 The strain 211:220 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 3 58 theme non-spore-forming 274:290 arg1 rod 350:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 9 59 theme cellular 1031:1038 arg1 acids 1046:1050 The major cellular fatty acids 1021:1050 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) 1021:1057 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the menaquinones were MK-9, MK-8 and MK-7. 26867728 9 59 theme cellular 1031:1038 arg1 % 1056:1056 >10% 1053:1056 >10% 1053:1056 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the menaquinones were MK-9, MK-8 and MK-7. 26867728 9 59 theme cellular 1031:1038 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1064:1076 anteiso-C17:0 1064:1076 anteiso-C17:0 1064:1076 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the menaquinones were MK-9, MK-8 and MK-7. 26867728 2 60 theme novel 69:73 arg1 AD1-86T 99:105 AD1-86T 99:105 AD1-86T 99:105 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 2 60 theme novel 69:73 arg1 strain 91:96 A novel actinobacterial strain 67:96 A novel actinobacterial strain 67:96 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 4 61 theme 1-2 mm 404:409 arg1 creamy 369:374 creamy white 369:380 creamy white 369:380 Colonies were creamy white, of low convexity and 1-2 mm in diameter after growth on DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days. 26867728 5 62 theme Dermabacter 517:527 arg1 7083T 541:545 Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T 517:545 Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T 517:545 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 5 62 theme Dermabacter 517:527 arg1 strains 504:510 The most closely related strains 479:510 The most closely related strains 479:510 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 8 63 theme DSM 972:974 arg1 7083T 976:980 D. hominis DSM 7083T 961:980 D. hominis DSM 7083T 961:980 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 6 64 theme 0.5 718:720 arg1 % 721:721 % 721:721 % 721:721 The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7 in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. 26867728 3 65 theme Gram-stain-positive 253:271 arg1 strain 215:220 The strain 211:220 The strain 211:220 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 3 65 theme Gram-stain-positive 253:271 arg1 rod 350:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 11 66 from study 1316:1320 arg1 Data 1290:1293 Data 1290:1293 Data from this polyphasic study 1290:1320 Data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain AD1-86T represents a novel species of the genus Dermabacter, for which the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 26867728 8 67 theme G+C 878:880 arg1 content 882:888 The DNA G+C content 870:888 The DNA G+C content 870:888 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 8 67 theme G+C 878:880 arg1 % 902:902 62.6 mol% 894:902 62.6 mol% 894:902 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 2 68 attach isolated 112:119 arg2 strain 91:96 A novel actinobacterial strain 67:96 A novel actinobacterial strain 67:96 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 2 68 attach isolated 112:119 arg1 fluid 138:142 the vaginal fluid 126:142 the vaginal fluid of a Korean female 126:161 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 2 68 attach isolated 112:119 arg2 AD1-86T 99:105 AD1-86T 99:105 AD1-86T 99:105 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 11 69 theme genus 1385:1389 arg1 Dermabacter 1391:1401 the genus Dermabacter 1381:1401 the genus Dermabacter 1381:1401 Data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain AD1-86T represents a novel species of the genus Dermabacter, for which the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 26867728 9 70 theme major 1025:1029 arg1 acids 1046:1050 The major cellular fatty acids 1021:1050 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) 1021:1057 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the menaquinones were MK-9, MK-8 and MK-7. 26867728 9 70 theme major 1025:1029 arg1 % 1056:1056 >10% 1053:1056 >10% 1053:1056 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the menaquinones were MK-9, MK-8 and MK-7. 26867728 9 70 theme major 1025:1029 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1064:1076 anteiso-C17:0 1064:1076 anteiso-C17:0 1064:1076 The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0, and the menaquinones were MK-9, MK-8 and MK-7. 26867728 8 71 theme 62.6 mol 894:901 arg1 content 882:888 The DNA G+C content 870:888 The DNA G+C content 870:888 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 8 71 theme 62.6 mol 894:901 arg1 % 902:902 62.6 mol% 894:902 62.6 mol% 894:902 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 10 72 theme strain 1182:1187 arg1 AD1-86T 1189:1195 strain AD1-86T 1182:1195 strain AD1-86T 1182:1195 The polar lipid profile of strain AD1-86T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminolipids and a glycolipid. 26867728 3 73 theme catalase-positive 305:321 arg1 strain 215:220 The strain 211:220 The strain 211:220 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 3 73 theme catalase-positive 305:321 arg1 rod 350:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod 226:352 The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. 26867728 2 74 theme female 156:161 arg1 fluid 138:142 the vaginal fluid 126:142 the vaginal fluid of a Korean female 126:161 A novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. 26867728 12 75 theme =KCTC 1495:1499 arg1 100050T 1512:1518 =KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T 1495:1518 =KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T 1495:1518 nov. is proposed; the type strain is AD1-86T (=KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T). 26867728 12 75 theme =KCTC 1495:1499 arg1 AD1-86T 1486:1492 AD1-86T 1486:1492 AD1-86T (=KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T) 1486:1519 nov. is proposed; the type strain is AD1-86T (=KCTC 39585T=DSM 100050T). 26867728 5 76 dep 6401990T 578:585 arg1 similarity 627:636 98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 588:636 98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 588:636 The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 26867728 8 77 theme D. 961:962 arg1 7083T 976:980 D. hominis DSM 7083T 961:980 D. hominis DSM 7083T 961:980 The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1±3.0% (reciprocal: 48.2±5.3%). 26867728 11 78 theme name 1418:1421 arg1 sp 1445:1446 the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp 1414:1446 the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp 1414:1446 Data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain AD1-86T represents a novel species of the genus Dermabacter, for which the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp. 25734694 11 0 theme bowel 1362:1366 arg1 variants 1392:1399 the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants 1341:1399 the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants 1341:1399 There was no association between any of the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants and LacMan ratio nor was there a correlation between fecal microbial composition and the LacMan ratio. 25734694 6 1 theme disease-associated 851:868 arg1 polymorphisms 888:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 1 2 theme first-degree 261:272 arg1 FDRs 285:288 FDRs 285:288 FDRs 285:288 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 1 2 theme first-degree 261:272 arg1 relatives 274:282 healthy first-degree relatives 253:282 healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease 253:332 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 5 3 theme fecal 686:690 arg1 microbiota 692:701 the fecal microbiota 682:701 the fecal microbiota 682:701 Taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiota was determined by Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. 25734694 0 4 with individuals 77:87 arg1 disease 102:108 Crohn's disease 94:108 Crohn's disease 94:108 Determinants of intestinal permeability in healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease. 25734694 3 5 theme LacMan 547:552 arg1 ratio 540:544 the lactulose-mannitol ratio 517:544 the lactulose-mannitol ratio (LacMan ratio) 517:559 METHODS IP was assessed using the lactulose-mannitol ratio (LacMan ratio). 25734694 3 5 theme LacMan 547:552 arg1 ratio 554:558 LacMan ratio 547:558 LacMan ratio 547:558 METHODS IP was assessed using the lactulose-mannitol ratio (LacMan ratio). 25734694 1 6 theme multicenter 174:184 arg1 study 186:190 a multicenter study 172:190 a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease 172:332 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 1 6 theme multicenter 174:184 arg1 Project 161:167 The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project 122:167 The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project 122:167 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 5 7 theme Taxonomic 661:669 arg1 profile 671:677 Taxonomic profile 661:677 Taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiota 661:701 Taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiota was determined by Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. 25734694 8 8 theme elevated 1055:1062 arg1 ≥0.03 1078:1082 ≥0.03 1078:1082 ≥0.03 1078:1082 Eleven percent of FDRs had an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03). 25734694 8 8 theme elevated 1055:1062 arg1 ratio 1071:1075 an elevated LacMan ratio 1052:1075 an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03) 1052:1083 Eleven percent of FDRs had an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03). 25734694 7 9 dep thousand 954:961 arg1 RESULTS 942:948 RESULTS 942:948 RESULTS 942:948 RESULTS One thousand, one hundred ninety-six white FDRs were included [corrected]. 25734694 5 10 theme MiSeq 730:734 arg1 pyrosequencing 736:749 Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing 721:749 Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA 721:770 Taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiota was determined by Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. 25734694 12 11 theme genetic 1611:1617 arg1 factors 1619:1625 genetic factors 1611:1625 genetic factors 1611:1625 CONCLUSIONS We did not find LacMan ratio to be significantly heritable suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs is modest. 25734694 1 12 theme Genetics 126:133 arg1 study 186:190 a multicenter study 172:190 a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease 172:332 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 1 12 theme Genetics 126:133 arg1 Project 161:167 The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project 122:167 The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project 122:167 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 11 13 theme LacMan 1490:1495 arg1 ratio 1497:1501 the LacMan ratio 1486:1501 the LacMan ratio 1486:1501 There was no association between any of the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants and LacMan ratio nor was there a correlation between fecal microbial composition and the LacMan ratio. 25734694 10 14 theme LacMan 1234:1239 arg1 heritable 1269:1277 heritable 1269:1277 heritable 1269:1277 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 10 14 theme LacMan 1234:1239 arg1 ratio 1241:1245 The LacMan ratio 1230:1245 The LacMan ratio 1230:1245 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 10 14 theme LacMan 1234:1239 arg1 H2r 1280:1282 H2r 1280:1282 H2r 1280:1282 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 8 15 contain had 1048:1050 arg2 ratio 1071:1075 an elevated LacMan ratio 1052:1075 an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03) 1052:1083 Eleven percent of FDRs had an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03). 25734694 8 15 contain had 1048:1050 arg1 percent 1032:1038 Eleven percent 1025:1038 Eleven percent of FDRs 1025:1046 Eleven percent of FDRs had an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03). 25734694 8 15 contain had 1048:1050 arg2 ≥0.03 1078:1082 ≥0.03 1078:1082 ≥0.03 1078:1082 Eleven percent of FDRs had an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03). 25734694 1 16 theme Microbial 151:159 arg1 study 186:190 a multicenter study 172:190 a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease 172:332 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 1 16 theme Microbial 151:159 arg1 Project 161:167 The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project 122:167 The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project 122:167 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 13 17 theme Environmental 1702:1714 arg1 factors 1716:1722 Environmental factors 1702:1722 Environmental factors 1702:1722 Environmental factors, such as smoking, are likely more important determinants. 25734694 13 17 theme Environmental 1702:1714 arg1 smoking 1733:1739 smoking 1733:1739 smoking 1733:1739 Environmental factors, such as smoking, are likely more important determinants. 25734694 13 17 theme Environmental 1702:1714 arg1 determinants 1768:1779 likely more important determinants 1746:1779 likely more important determinants 1746:1779 Environmental factors, such as smoking, are likely more important determinants. 25734694 10 18 dep heritable 1269:1277 arg1 heritable 1269:1277 heritable 1269:1277 heritable 1269:1277 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 10 18 dep heritable 1269:1277 arg1 0.13 1295:1298 P = 0.13 1291:1298 P = 0.13 1291:1298 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 10 18 dep heritable 1269:1277 arg1 ratio 1241:1245 The LacMan ratio 1230:1245 The LacMan ratio 1230:1245 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 10 18 dep heritable 1269:1277 arg1 H2r 1280:1282 H2r 1280:1282 H2r 1280:1282 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 2 19 from determination 429:441 arg1 FDRs 481:484 healthy FDRs 473:484 healthy FDRs 473:484 We aimed to evaluate the contribution of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs. 25734694 6 20 theme inflammatory 832:843 arg1 polymorphisms 888:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 5 21 theme ribosomal 758:766 arg1 RNA 768:770 16S ribosomal RNA 754:770 16S ribosomal RNA 754:770 Taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiota was determined by Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. 25734694 12 22 theme permeability 1662:1673 arg1 determination 1634:1646 the determination 1630:1646 the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs 1630:1689 CONCLUSIONS We did not find LacMan ratio to be significantly heritable suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs is modest. 25734694 2 23 theme microbial 385:393 arg1 factors 414:420 genetic, microbial, and environmental factors 376:420 genetic, microbial, and environmental factors 376:420 We aimed to evaluate the contribution of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs. 25734694 12 24 theme healthy 1678:1684 arg1 FDRs 1686:1689 healthy FDRs 1678:1689 healthy FDRs 1678:1689 CONCLUSIONS We did not find LacMan ratio to be significantly heritable suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs is modest. 25734694 14 25 theme age 1796:1798 arg1 effect 1786:1791 The effect 1782:1791 The effect of age on intestinal barrier function 1782:1829 The effect of age on intestinal barrier function has been underappreciated. 25734694 14 25 theme age 1796:1798 arg1 underappreciated 1840:1855 underappreciated 1840:1855 underappreciated 1840:1855 The effect of age on intestinal barrier function has been underappreciated. 25734694 2 26 theme genetic 376:382 arg1 factors 414:420 genetic, microbial, and environmental factors 376:420 genetic, microbial, and environmental factors 376:420 We aimed to evaluate the contribution of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs. 25734694 14 27 theme barrier 1814:1820 arg1 function 1822:1829 intestinal barrier function 1803:1829 intestinal barrier function 1803:1829 The effect of age on intestinal barrier function has been underappreciated. 25734694 11 28 theme microbial 1460:1468 arg1 composition 1470:1480 fecal microbial composition 1454:1480 fecal microbial composition 1454:1480 There was no association between any of the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants and LacMan ratio nor was there a correlation between fecal microbial composition and the LacMan ratio. 25734694 2 29 theme factors 414:420 arg1 contribution 360:371 the contribution 356:371 the contribution of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs 356:484 We aimed to evaluate the contribution of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs. 25734694 0 30 theme intestinal 16:25 arg1 permeability 27:38 intestinal permeability 16:38 intestinal permeability 16:38 Determinants of intestinal permeability in healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease. 25734694 9 31 theme higher 1164:1169 arg1 ratios 1178:1183 higher LacMan ratios 1164:1183 higher LacMan ratios 1164:1183 A multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger subjects and nonsmokers had higher LacMan ratios, P = 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ and P = 0.03, respectively. 25734694 2 32 theme healthy 473:479 arg1 FDRs 481:484 healthy FDRs 473:484 healthy FDRs 473:484 We aimed to evaluate the contribution of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs. 25734694 10 33 theme = 1293:1293 arg1 0.13 1295:1298 P = 0.13 1291:1298 P = 0.13 1291:1298 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 10 33 theme = 1293:1293 arg1 H2r 1280:1282 H2r 1280:1282 H2r 1280:1282 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 6 34 theme fecal 910:914 arg1 microbiota 916:925 the fecal microbiota 906:925 the fecal microbiota 906:925 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 2 35 theme permeability 457:468 arg1 determination 429:441 the determination 425:441 the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs 425:484 We aimed to evaluate the contribution of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs. 25734694 0 36 theme first-degree 51:62 arg1 relatives 64:72 healthy first-degree relatives 43:72 healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease 43:108 Determinants of intestinal permeability in healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease. 25734694 6 37 theme nucleotide 877:886 arg1 polymorphisms 888:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 9 38 theme LacMan 1171:1176 arg1 ratios 1178:1183 higher LacMan ratios 1164:1183 higher LacMan ratios 1164:1183 A multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger subjects and nonsmokers had higher LacMan ratios, P = 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ and P = 0.03, respectively. 25734694 4 39 theme inflammatory 590:601 arg1 polymorphisms 646:658 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 586:658 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 586:658 FDRs were genotyped for 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. 25734694 11 40 theme disease-associated 1368:1385 arg1 variants 1392:1399 the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants 1341:1399 the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants 1341:1399 There was no association between any of the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants and LacMan ratio nor was there a correlation between fecal microbial composition and the LacMan ratio. 25734694 4 41 theme disease-associated 609:626 arg1 polymorphisms 646:658 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 586:658 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 586:658 FDRs were genotyped for 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. 25734694 11 42 theme inflammatory 1349:1360 arg1 variants 1392:1399 the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants 1341:1399 the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants 1341:1399 There was no association between any of the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants and LacMan ratio nor was there a correlation between fecal microbial composition and the LacMan ratio. 25734694 1 43 theme healthy 253:259 arg1 FDRs 285:288 FDRs 285:288 FDRs 285:288 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 1 43 theme healthy 253:259 arg1 relatives 274:282 healthy first-degree relatives 253:282 healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease 253:332 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 11 44 theme LacMan 1405:1410 arg1 ratio 1412:1416 LacMan ratio 1405:1416 LacMan ratio 1405:1416 There was no association between any of the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants and LacMan ratio nor was there a correlation between fecal microbial composition and the LacMan ratio. 25734694 6 45 theme bowel 845:849 arg1 polymorphisms 888:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 8 46 theme FDRs 1043:1046 arg1 percent 1032:1038 Eleven percent 1025:1038 Eleven percent of FDRs 1025:1046 Eleven percent of FDRs had an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03). 25734694 3 47 theme lactulose-mannitol 521:538 arg1 ratio 540:544 the lactulose-mannitol ratio 517:544 the lactulose-mannitol ratio (LacMan ratio) 517:559 METHODS IP was assessed using the lactulose-mannitol ratio (LacMan ratio). 25734694 3 47 theme lactulose-mannitol 521:538 arg1 ratio 554:558 LacMan ratio 547:558 LacMan ratio 547:558 METHODS IP was assessed using the lactulose-mannitol ratio (LacMan ratio). 25734694 14 48 from effect 1786:1791 arg1 function 1822:1829 intestinal barrier function 1803:1829 intestinal barrier function 1803:1829 The effect of age on intestinal barrier function has been underappreciated. 25734694 13 49 theme likely 1746:1751 arg1 factors 1716:1722 Environmental factors 1702:1722 Environmental factors 1702:1722 Environmental factors, such as smoking, are likely more important determinants. 25734694 13 49 theme likely 1746:1751 arg1 smoking 1733:1739 smoking 1733:1739 smoking 1733:1739 Environmental factors, such as smoking, are likely more important determinants. 25734694 13 49 theme likely 1746:1751 arg1 determinants 1768:1779 likely more important determinants 1746:1779 likely more important determinants 1746:1779 Environmental factors, such as smoking, are likely more important determinants. 25734694 6 50 theme demographic 811:821 arg1 factors 823:829 demographic factors 811:829 demographic factors 811:829 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 8 51 theme LacMan 1064:1069 arg1 ≥0.03 1078:1082 ≥0.03 1078:1082 ≥0.03 1078:1082 Eleven percent of FDRs had an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03). 25734694 8 51 theme LacMan 1064:1069 arg1 ratio 1071:1075 an elevated LacMan ratio 1052:1075 an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03) 1052:1083 Eleven percent of FDRs had an elevated LacMan ratio (≥0.03). 25734694 12 52 from determination 1634:1646 arg1 FDRs 1686:1689 healthy FDRs 1678:1689 healthy FDRs 1678:1689 CONCLUSIONS We did not find LacMan ratio to be significantly heritable suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs is modest. 25734694 13 53 theme important 1758:1766 arg1 factors 1716:1722 Environmental factors 1702:1722 Environmental factors 1702:1722 Environmental factors, such as smoking, are likely more important determinants. 25734694 13 53 theme important 1758:1766 arg1 smoking 1733:1739 smoking 1733:1739 smoking 1733:1739 Environmental factors, such as smoking, are likely more important determinants. 25734694 13 53 theme important 1758:1766 arg1 determinants 1768:1779 likely more important determinants 1746:1779 likely more important determinants 1746:1779 Environmental factors, such as smoking, are likely more important determinants. 25734694 5 54 theme Illumina 721:728 arg1 pyrosequencing 736:749 Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing 721:749 Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA 721:770 Taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiota was determined by Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. 25734694 6 55 theme ratio 800:804 arg1 associations 777:788 The associations 773:788 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota 773:925 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 1 56 theme etiological 202:212 arg1 factors 214:220 etiological factors 202:220 etiological factors in Crohn's disease 202:239 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 12 57 theme factors 1619:1625 arg1 modest 1694:1699 modest 1694:1699 modest 1694:1699 CONCLUSIONS We did not find LacMan ratio to be significantly heritable suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs is modest. 25734694 12 57 theme factors 1619:1625 arg1 contribution 1595:1606 the contribution 1591:1606 the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs 1591:1689 CONCLUSIONS We did not find LacMan ratio to be significantly heritable suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs is modest. 25734694 4 58 theme nucleotide 635:644 arg1 polymorphisms 646:658 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 586:658 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 586:658 FDRs were genotyped for 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. 25734694 5 59 theme microbiota 692:701 arg1 profile 671:677 Taxonomic profile 661:677 Taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiota 661:701 Taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiota was determined by Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. 25734694 0 60 from Determinants 0:11 arg1 relatives 64:72 healthy first-degree relatives 43:72 healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease 43:108 Determinants of intestinal permeability in healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease. 25734694 7 61 dep included 1003:1010 arg1 [corrected 1012:1021 [corrected 1012:1021 were included [corrected 998:1021 RESULTS One thousand, one hundred ninety-six white FDRs were included [corrected]. 25734694 1 62 from factors 214:220 arg1 disease 233:239 Crohn's disease 225:239 Crohn's disease 225:239 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 0 63 theme individuals 77:87 arg1 relatives 64:72 healthy first-degree relatives 43:72 healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease 43:108 Determinants of intestinal permeability in healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease. 25734694 1 64 dep BACKGROUND 111:120 arg1 study 186:190 a multicenter study 172:190 a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease 172:332 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 1 64 dep BACKGROUND 111:120 arg1 Project 161:167 The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project 122:167 The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project 122:167 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 9 65 theme multivariate 1088:1099 arg1 analysis 1101:1108 A multivariate analysis 1086:1108 A multivariate analysis 1086:1108 A multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger subjects and nonsmokers had higher LacMan ratios, P = 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ and P = 0.03, respectively. 25734694 12 66 dep CONCLUSIONS 1504:1514 arg1 find 1527:1530 find 1527:1530 did not find LacMan ratio to be significantly heritable suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs is modest 1519:1699 CONCLUSIONS We did not find LacMan ratio to be significantly heritable suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs is modest. 25734694 5 67 theme 16S 754:756 arg1 RNA 768:770 16S ribosomal RNA 754:770 16S ribosomal RNA 754:770 Taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiota was determined by Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. 25734694 12 68 theme LacMan 1532:1537 arg1 ratio 1539:1543 LacMan ratio 1532:1543 LacMan ratio 1532:1543 CONCLUSIONS We did not find LacMan ratio to be significantly heritable suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs is modest. 25734694 10 69 theme P 1291:1291 arg1 0.13 1295:1298 P = 0.13 1291:1298 P = 0.13 1291:1298 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 10 69 theme P 1291:1291 arg1 H2r 1280:1282 H2r 1280:1282 H2r 1280:1282 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 5 70 theme RNA 768:770 arg1 pyrosequencing 736:749 Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing 721:749 Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA 721:770 Taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiota was determined by Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. 25734694 9 71 contain had 1160:1162 arg1 nonsmokers 1149:1158 nonsmokers 1149:1158 nonsmokers 1149:1158 A multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger subjects and nonsmokers had higher LacMan ratios, P = 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ and P = 0.03, respectively. 25734694 9 71 contain had 1160:1162 arg1 subjects 1136:1143 younger subjects 1128:1143 younger subjects 1128:1143 A multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger subjects and nonsmokers had higher LacMan ratios, P = 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ and P = 0.03, respectively. 25734694 9 71 contain had 1160:1162 arg2 ratios 1178:1183 higher LacMan ratios 1164:1183 higher LacMan ratios 1164:1183 A multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger subjects and nonsmokers had higher LacMan ratios, P = 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ and P = 0.03, respectively. 25734694 12 72 theme intestinal 1651:1660 arg1 permeability 1662:1673 intestinal permeability 1651:1673 intestinal permeability 1651:1673 CONCLUSIONS We did not find LacMan ratio to be significantly heritable suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs is modest. 25734694 9 73 theme younger 1128:1134 arg1 subjects 1136:1143 younger subjects 1128:1143 younger subjects 1128:1143 A multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger subjects and nonsmokers had higher LacMan ratios, P = 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ and P = 0.03, respectively. 25734694 6 74 with associations 777:788 arg1 polymorphisms 888:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 6 74 with associations 777:788 arg1 factors 823:829 demographic factors 811:829 demographic factors 811:829 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 6 74 with associations 777:788 arg1 microbiota 916:925 the fecal microbiota 906:925 the fecal microbiota 906:925 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 11 75 theme fecal 1454:1458 arg1 composition 1470:1480 fecal microbial composition 1454:1480 fecal microbial composition 1454:1480 There was no association between any of the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants and LacMan ratio nor was there a correlation between fecal microbial composition and the LacMan ratio. 25734694 0 76 theme permeability 27:38 arg1 Determinants 0:11 Determinants 0:11 Determinants of intestinal permeability in healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease 0:108 Determinants of intestinal permeability in healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease. 25734694 14 77 theme intestinal 1803:1812 arg1 function 1822:1829 intestinal barrier function 1803:1829 intestinal barrier function 1803:1829 The effect of age on intestinal barrier function has been underappreciated. 25734694 7 78 theme white 987:991 arg1 FDRs 993:996 one hundred ninety-six white FDRs 964:996 one hundred ninety-six white FDRs 964:996 RESULTS One thousand, one hundred ninety-six white FDRs were included [corrected]. 25734694 2 79 theme environmental 400:412 arg1 factors 414:420 genetic, microbial, and environmental factors 376:420 genetic, microbial, and environmental factors 376:420 We aimed to evaluate the contribution of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs. 25734694 0 80 theme healthy 43:49 arg1 relatives 64:72 healthy first-degree relatives 43:72 healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease 43:108 Determinants of intestinal permeability in healthy first-degree relatives of individuals with Crohn's disease. 25734694 1 81 theme individuals 294:304 arg1 FDRs 285:288 FDRs 285:288 FDRs 285:288 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 1 81 theme individuals 294:304 arg1 relatives 274:282 healthy first-degree relatives 253:282 healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease 253:332 BACKGROUND The Genetics, Environmental, Microbial Project is a multicenter study assessing etiological factors in Crohn's disease by studying healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals affected by Crohn's disease. 25734694 6 82 theme LacMan 793:798 arg1 ratio 800:804 LacMan ratio 793:804 LacMan ratio 793:804 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 2 83 theme intestinal 446:455 arg1 permeability 457:468 intestinal permeability 446:468 intestinal permeability 446:468 We aimed to evaluate the contribution of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors to the determination of intestinal permeability in healthy FDRs. 25734694 4 84 theme bowel 603:607 arg1 polymorphisms 646:658 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 586:658 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 586:658 FDRs were genotyped for 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. 25734694 10 85 theme 0.13 1285:1288 arg1 heritable 1269:1277 heritable 1269:1277 heritable 1269:1277 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 10 85 theme 0.13 1285:1288 arg1 0.13 1295:1298 P = 0.13 1291:1298 P = 0.13 1291:1298 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 10 85 theme 0.13 1285:1288 arg1 ratio 1241:1245 The LacMan ratio 1230:1245 The LacMan ratio 1230:1245 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 10 85 theme 0.13 1285:1288 arg1 H2r 1280:1282 H2r 1280:1282 H2r 1280:1282 The LacMan ratio was not significantly heritable, H2r, 0.13, P = 0.13. 25734694 6 86 theme single 870:875 arg1 polymorphisms 888:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 832:900 The associations of LacMan ratio with demographic factors, inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and the fecal microbiota were assessed. 25734694 4 87 theme single 628:633 arg1 polymorphisms 646:658 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 586:658 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms 586:658 FDRs were genotyped for 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. 25734694 11 88 theme risk 1387:1390 arg1 variants 1392:1399 the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants 1341:1399 the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants 1341:1399 There was no association between any of the 167 inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk variants and LacMan ratio nor was there a correlation between fecal microbial composition and the LacMan ratio. 25734694 9 89 theme × 1195:1195 arg1 10⁻⁴ 1197:1200 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ 1190:1200 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ 1190:1200 A multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger subjects and nonsmokers had higher LacMan ratios, P = 3.62 × 10⁻⁴ and P = 0.03, respectively. 25497816 7 0 theme Milk 1084:1087 arg1 percentage 1093:1102 Milk fat percentage 1084:1102 Milk fat percentage 1084:1102 Milk fat percentage was lower for cows fed BHI (3.37%) than for those fed BLO (3.55%) and NLO (3.56%) but yield of milk fat was similar among treatments. 25497816 3 1 theme NDF 571:573 arg1 NDF 571:573 NDF 571:573 NDF 571:573 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 3 1 theme NDF 571:573 arg1 % 566:566 62.8% 562:566 62.8% of NDF 562:573 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 11 2 theme matter 1656:1661 arg1 digestibility 1619:1631 The total-tract digestibility 1603:1631 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein 1603:1688 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 11 2 theme matter 1656:1661 arg1 lower 1694:1698 lower 1694:1698 lower 1694:1698 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 1 3 from rations 242:248 arg1 effects 141:147 the effects 137:147 the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows 137:296 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 1 4 theme corn 152:155 arg1 hybrids 164:170 corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] 152:203 corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] 152:203 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 3 5 theme BMR 583:585 arg1 hybrid 587:592 the BMR hybrid 579:592 the BMR hybrid 579:592 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 1 6 theme hybrids 164:170 arg1 effects 141:147 the effects 137:147 the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows 137:296 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 4 7 theme BMR 812:814 arg1 BLO 824:826 BLO 824:826 BLO 824:826 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 7 theme BMR 812:814 arg1 hybrid 816:821 the BMR hybrid 808:821 the BMR hybrid (BLO) 808:827 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 0 8 theme high-producing 97:110 arg1 cows 118:121 high-producing dairy cows 97:121 high-producing dairy cows 97:121 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 13 9 theme BMR 1893:1895 arg1 silage 1902:1907 BMR corn silage 1893:1907 BMR corn silage 1893:1907 We conclude that BMR corn silage can be included in rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration, resulting in high levels of milk production. 25497816 9 10 theme fed 1406:1408 arg1 14.7mg/dL 1415:1423 14.7mg/dL 1415:1423 14.7mg/dL 1415:1423 The concentration of milk urea N was lower in cows fed BHI (14.0mg/dL) than in those fed NLO (14.7mg/dL) and intermediate for BLO (14.5mg/dL). 25497816 9 10 theme fed 1406:1408 arg1 NLO 1410:1412 those fed NLO 1400:1412 those fed NLO (14.7mg/dL) 1400:1424 The concentration of milk urea N was lower in cows fed BHI (14.0mg/dL) than in those fed NLO (14.7mg/dL) and intermediate for BLO (14.5mg/dL). 25497816 0 11 theme cows 118:121 arg1 performance 82:92 the lactation performance 68:92 the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows 68:121 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 8 12 theme milk 1262:1265 arg1 protein 1267:1273 milk protein 1262:1273 milk protein 1262:1273 Yield and percentage of milk protein was higher for cows in BHI compared with NLO. 25497816 3 13 dep higher 554:559 arg1 NDF 571:573 NDF 571:573 NDF 571:573 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 3 13 dep higher 554:559 arg1 % 566:566 62.8% 562:566 62.8% of NDF 562:573 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 4 14 dep % 745:745 arg1 basis 751:755 DM basis 748:755 DM basis 748:755 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 6 15 theme DM 948:949 arg1 Intake 938:943 Intake 938:943 Intake of DM 938:949 Intake of DM was similar among treatments but milk production was greater for cows fed BLO (50.1kg/d) and BHI (51.1kg/d) than for NLO (47.9kg/d). 25497816 2 16 theme BMR 463:465 arg1 hybrid 467:472 the BMR hybrid 459:472 the BMR hybrid (2.19%) 459:480 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 2 16 theme BMR 463:465 arg1 % 479:479 2.19% 475:479 2.19% 475:479 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 5 17 theme 28-d 924:927 arg1 periods 929:935 28-d periods 924:935 28-d periods 924:935 Cows were fed the diets in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. 25497816 7 18 theme fed 1154:1156 arg1 BLO 1158:1160 those fed BLO 1148:1160 those fed BLO (3.55%) 1148:1168 Milk fat percentage was lower for cows fed BHI (3.37%) than for those fed BLO (3.55%) and NLO (3.56%) but yield of milk fat was similar among treatments. 25497816 7 18 theme fed 1154:1156 arg1 % 1167:1167 3.55% 1163:1167 3.55% 1163:1167 Milk fat percentage was lower for cows fed BHI (3.37%) than for those fed BLO (3.55%) and NLO (3.56%) but yield of milk fat was similar among treatments. 25497816 2 19 theme dry 422:424 arg1 basis 438:442 dry matter (DM) basis] 422:443 dry matter (DM) basis] 422:443 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 13 20 from proportions 1957:1967 arg1 rations 1928:1934 rations 1928:1934 rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration 1928:1985 We conclude that BMR corn silage can be included in rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration, resulting in high levels of milk production. 25497816 1 21 theme high-producing 272:285 arg1 cows 293:296 high-producing dairy cows 272:296 high-producing dairy cows 272:296 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 3 22 theme 30-h 487:490 arg1 digestibility 531:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 3 22 theme 30-h 487:490 arg1 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 4 23 theme DM 748:749 arg1 basis 751:755 DM basis 748:755 DM basis 748:755 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 5 24 theme Latin 899:903 arg1 design 912:917 a replicated 3×3 Latin square design 882:917 a replicated 3×3 Latin square design 882:917 Cows were fed the diets in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. 25497816 10 25 theme 3.5 1477:1479 arg1 % 1480:1480 % 1480:1480 % 1480:1480 The yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk was higher in cows fed BLO (50.2kg/d) than in NLO (48.2kg/d) and was intermediate for BHI (49.8kg/d). 25497816 0 26 theme silage 58:63 arg1 type 21:24 hybrid type 14:24 hybrid type 14:24 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 0 26 theme silage 58:63 arg1 proportions 38:48 dietary proportions 30:48 dietary proportions of corn silage 30:63 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 1 27 theme cows 293:296 arg1 performance 257:267 the performance 253:267 the performance of high-producing dairy cows 253:296 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 11 28 theme other 1734:1738 arg1 treatments 1740:1749 the other treatments 1730:1749 the other treatments 1730:1749 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 13 29 theme corn 1897:1900 arg1 silage 1902:1907 BMR corn silage 1893:1907 BMR corn silage 1893:1907 We conclude that BMR corn silage can be included in rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration, resulting in high levels of milk production. 25497816 7 30 theme milk 1199:1202 arg1 fat 1204:1206 milk fat 1199:1206 milk fat 1199:1206 Milk fat percentage was lower for cows fed BHI (3.37%) than for those fed BLO (3.55%) and NLO (3.56%) but yield of milk fat was similar among treatments. 25497816 11 31 theme total-tract 1607:1617 arg1 digestibility 1619:1631 The total-tract digestibility 1603:1631 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein 1603:1688 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 11 31 theme total-tract 1607:1617 arg1 lower 1694:1698 lower 1694:1698 lower 1694:1698 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 6 32 theme milk 984:987 arg1 production 989:998 milk production 984:998 milk production 984:998 Intake of DM was similar among treatments but milk production was greater for cows fed BLO (50.1kg/d) and BHI (51.1kg/d) than for NLO (47.9kg/d). 25497816 13 33 theme production 2021:2030 arg1 levels 2006:2011 high levels 2001:2011 high levels of milk production 2001:2030 We conclude that BMR corn silage can be included in rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration, resulting in high levels of milk production. 25497816 4 34 theme % 745:745 arg1 silage 763:768 35% (DM basis) corn silage 743:768 35% (DM basis) corn silage 743:768 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 2 35 theme corn 331:334 arg1 silages 336:342 the corn silages 327:342 the corn silages 327:342 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 1 36 theme corn 227:230 arg1 silage 232:237 corn silage 227:237 corn silage 227:237 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 2 37 theme hybrid 407:412 arg1 % 419:419 the control hybrid [3.09% 395:419 the control hybrid [3.09% 395:419 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 0 38 theme type 21:24 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 0:122 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 3 39 theme detergent 509:517 arg1 digestibility 531:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 3 39 theme detergent 509:517 arg1 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 4 40 theme Holstein 643:650 arg1 cows 652:655 Twenty-seven Holstein cows 630:655 Twenty-seven Holstein cows 630:655 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 0 41 theme dietary 30:36 arg1 proportions 38:48 dietary proportions 30:48 dietary proportions of corn silage 30:63 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 9 42 theme milk 1342:1345 arg1 N 1352:1352 milk urea N 1342:1352 milk urea N 1342:1352 The concentration of milk urea N was lower in cows fed BHI (14.0mg/dL) than in those fed NLO (14.7mg/dL) and intermediate for BLO (14.5mg/dL). 25497816 12 43 theme NDF 1785:1787 arg1 digestibility 1768:1780 The total-tract digestibility 1752:1780 The total-tract digestibility of NDF 1752:1787 The total-tract digestibility of NDF was highest for BHI (54.4%), intermediate for BLO (50.9%), and lowest for NLO (43.2%). 25497816 12 43 theme NDF 1785:1787 arg1 highest 1793:1799 highest 1793:1799 highest 1793:1799 The total-tract digestibility of NDF was highest for BHI (54.4%), intermediate for BLO (50.9%), and lowest for NLO (43.2%). 25497816 2 44 dep similar 348:354 arg1 compared 445:452 compared 445:452 compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%) 445:480 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 2 44 dep similar 348:354 arg1 composition 312:322 The chemical composition 299:322 The chemical composition of the corn silages 299:342 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 2 44 dep similar 348:354 arg1 similar 348:354 similar 348:354 similar 348:354 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 7 45 theme fat 1089:1091 arg1 percentage 1093:1102 Milk fat percentage 1084:1102 Milk fat percentage 1084:1102 Milk fat percentage was lower for cows fed BHI (3.37%) than for those fed BLO (3.55%) and NLO (3.56%) but yield of milk fat was similar among treatments. 25497816 10 46 theme fat-corrected 1482:1494 arg1 milk 1496:1499 3.5% fat-corrected milk 1477:1499 3.5% fat-corrected milk 1477:1499 The yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk was higher in cows fed BLO (50.2kg/d) than in NLO (48.2kg/d) and was intermediate for BHI (49.8kg/d). 25497816 13 47 theme milk 2016:2019 arg1 production 2021:2030 milk production 2016:2030 milk production 2016:2030 We conclude that BMR corn silage can be included in rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration, resulting in high levels of milk production. 25497816 2 48 theme chemical 303:310 arg1 compared 445:452 compared 445:452 compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%) 445:480 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 2 48 theme chemical 303:310 arg1 composition 312:322 The chemical composition 299:322 The chemical composition of the corn silages 299:342 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 2 48 theme chemical 303:310 arg1 similar 348:354 similar 348:354 similar 348:354 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 1 49 theme proportion 213:222 arg1 effects 141:147 the effects 137:147 the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows 137:296 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 11 50 theme organic 1648:1654 arg1 matter 1656:1661 organic matter 1648:1661 organic matter 1648:1661 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 11 51 theme crude 1676:1680 arg1 protein 1682:1688 crude protein 1676:1688 crude protein 1676:1688 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 11 52 theme DM 1644:1645 arg1 digestibility 1619:1631 The total-tract digestibility 1603:1631 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein 1603:1688 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 11 52 theme DM 1644:1645 arg1 lower 1694:1698 lower 1694:1698 lower 1694:1698 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 13 53 theme total 1974:1978 arg1 ration 1980:1985 a total ration 1972:1985 a total ration 1972:1985 We conclude that BMR corn silage can be included in rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration, resulting in high levels of milk production. 25497816 1 54 theme silage 157:162 arg1 hybrids 164:170 corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] 152:203 corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] 152:203 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 4 55 theme hybrid 816:821 arg1 % 707:707 38% concentrate 705:719 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO) 705:798 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 55 theme hybrid 816:821 arg1 BHI 849:851 BHI 849:851 BHI 849:851 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 55 theme hybrid 816:821 arg1 hybrid 816:821 the BMR hybrid 808:821 the BMR hybrid (BLO) 808:827 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 55 theme hybrid 816:821 arg1 % 692:692 62% 690:692 62% forage 690:699 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 55 theme hybrid 816:821 arg1 % 835:835 50% 833:835 50% of the BMR (BHI) 833:852 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 55 theme hybrid 816:821 arg1 BLO 824:826 BLO 824:826 BLO 824:826 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 55 theme hybrid 816:821 arg1 basis 725:729 DM basis 722:729 DM basis 722:729 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 55 theme hybrid 816:821 arg1 % 803:803 35% 801:803 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO) 801:827 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 55 theme hybrid 816:821 arg1 BMR 844:846 the BMR 840:846 the BMR (BHI) 840:852 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 0 56 theme dairy 112:116 arg1 cows 118:121 high-producing dairy cows 97:121 high-producing dairy cows 97:121 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 13 57 theme moderate 1939:1946 arg1 proportions 1957:1967 moderate and high proportions 1939:1967 moderate and high proportions of a total ration 1939:1985 We conclude that BMR corn silage can be included in rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration, resulting in high levels of milk production. 25497816 11 58 theme dietary 1636:1642 arg1 DM 1644:1645 dietary DM 1636:1645 dietary DM 1636:1645 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 13 59 theme high 1952:1955 arg1 proportions 1957:1967 moderate and high proportions 1939:1967 moderate and high proportions of a total ration 1939:1985 We conclude that BMR corn silage can be included in rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration, resulting in high levels of milk production. 25497816 3 60 dep in 492:493 arg1 vitro 495:499 vitro 495:499 vitro 495:499 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 3 61 theme control 606:612 arg1 hybrid 614:619 the control hybrid 602:619 the control hybrid (52.2%) 602:627 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 3 61 theme control 606:612 arg1 % 626:626 52.2% 622:626 52.2% 622:626 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 1 62 from proportion 213:222 arg1 rations 242:248 rations 242:248 rations 242:248 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 5 63 from diets 873:877 arg1 design 912:917 a replicated 3×3 Latin square design 882:917 a replicated 3×3 Latin square design 882:917 Cows were fed the diets in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. 25497816 3 64 theme in 492:493 arg1 digestibility 531:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 3 64 theme in 492:493 arg1 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 8 65 theme protein 1267:1273 arg1 Yield 1238:1242 Yield 1238:1242 Yield 1238:1242 Yield and percentage of milk protein was higher for cows in BHI compared with NLO. 25497816 8 65 theme protein 1267:1273 arg1 percentage 1248:1257 percentage 1248:1257 percentage 1248:1257 Yield and percentage of milk protein was higher for cows in BHI compared with NLO. 25497816 0 66 theme corn 53:56 arg1 silage 58:63 corn silage 53:63 corn silage 53:63 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 1 67 from hybrids 164:170 arg1 rations 242:248 rations 242:248 rations 242:248 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 9 68 theme urea 1347:1350 arg1 N 1352:1352 milk urea N 1342:1352 milk urea N 1342:1352 The concentration of milk urea N was lower in cows fed BHI (14.0mg/dL) than in those fed NLO (14.7mg/dL) and intermediate for BLO (14.5mg/dL). 25497816 4 69 theme 35 743:744 arg1 % 745:745 % 745:745 % 745:745 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 70 theme BMR 844:846 arg1 % 707:707 38% concentrate 705:719 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO) 705:798 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 70 theme BMR 844:846 arg1 BHI 849:851 BHI 849:851 BHI 849:851 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 70 theme BMR 844:846 arg1 hybrid 816:821 the BMR hybrid 808:821 the BMR hybrid (BLO) 808:827 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 70 theme BMR 844:846 arg1 % 692:692 62% 690:692 62% forage 690:699 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 70 theme BMR 844:846 arg1 % 835:835 50% 833:835 50% of the BMR (BHI) 833:852 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 70 theme BMR 844:846 arg1 BLO 824:826 BLO 824:826 BLO 824:826 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 70 theme BMR 844:846 arg1 basis 725:729 DM basis 722:729 DM basis 722:729 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 70 theme BMR 844:846 arg1 % 803:803 35% 801:803 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO) 801:827 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 70 theme BMR 844:846 arg1 BMR 844:846 the BMR 840:846 the BMR (BHI) 840:852 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 5 71 theme 3×3 895:897 arg1 design 912:917 a replicated 3×3 Latin square design 882:917 a replicated 3×3 Latin square design 882:917 Cows were fed the diets in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. 25497816 4 72 theme DM 722:723 arg1 % 707:707 38% concentrate 705:719 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO) 705:798 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 72 theme DM 722:723 arg1 BMR 844:846 the BMR 840:846 the BMR (BHI) 840:852 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 72 theme DM 722:723 arg1 basis 725:729 DM basis 722:729 DM basis 722:729 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 72 theme DM 722:723 arg1 hybrid 816:821 the BMR hybrid 808:821 the BMR hybrid (BLO) 808:827 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 73 dep % 692:692 arg1 forage 694:699 forage 694:699 forage 694:699 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 1 74 theme dairy 287:291 arg1 cows 293:296 high-producing dairy cows 272:296 high-producing dairy cows 272:296 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 0 75 from effect 4:9 arg1 performance 82:92 the lactation performance 68:92 the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows 68:121 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 5 76 theme square 905:910 arg1 design 912:917 a replicated 3×3 Latin square design 882:917 a replicated 3×3 Latin square design 882:917 Cows were fed the diets in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. 25497816 9 77 theme N 1352:1352 arg1 concentration 1325:1337 The concentration 1321:1337 The concentration of milk urea N 1321:1352 The concentration of milk urea N was lower in cows fed BHI (14.0mg/dL) than in those fed NLO (14.7mg/dL) and intermediate for BLO (14.5mg/dL). 25497816 9 77 theme N 1352:1352 arg1 lower 1358:1362 lower 1358:1362 lower 1358:1362 The concentration of milk urea N was lower in cows fed BHI (14.0mg/dL) than in those fed NLO (14.7mg/dL) and intermediate for BLO (14.5mg/dL). 25497816 0 78 theme lactation 72:80 arg1 performance 82:92 the lactation performance 68:92 the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows 68:121 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 1 79 from effects 141:147 arg1 rations 242:248 rations 242:248 rations 242:248 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 1 79 from effects 141:147 arg1 performance 257:267 the performance 253:267 the performance of high-producing dairy cows 253:296 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 2 80 theme DM 434:435 arg1 basis 438:442 dry matter (DM) basis] 422:443 dry matter (DM) basis] 422:443 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 4 81 dep % 707:707 arg1 concentrate 709:719 concentrate 709:719 concentrate 709:719 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 7 82 theme fat 1204:1206 arg1 yield 1190:1194 yield 1190:1194 yield of milk fat 1190:1206 Milk fat percentage was lower for cows fed BHI (3.37%) than for those fed BLO (3.55%) and NLO (3.56%) but yield of milk fat was similar among treatments. 25497816 2 83 theme matter 426:431 arg1 basis 438:442 dry matter (DM) basis] 422:443 dry matter (DM) basis] 422:443 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 2 84 theme silages 336:342 arg1 compared 445:452 compared 445:452 compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%) 445:480 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 2 84 theme silages 336:342 arg1 composition 312:322 The chemical composition 299:322 The chemical composition of the corn silages 299:342 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 2 84 theme silages 336:342 arg1 similar 348:354 similar 348:354 similar 348:354 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 0 85 theme hybrid 14:19 arg1 type 21:24 hybrid type 14:24 hybrid type 14:24 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 1 86 theme silage 232:237 arg1 hybrids 164:170 corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] 152:203 corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] 152:203 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 1 86 theme silage 232:237 arg1 proportion 213:222 the proportion 209:222 the proportion of corn silage in rations 209:248 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 4 87 theme control 779:785 arg1 NLO 795:797 NLO 795:797 NLO 795:797 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 87 theme control 779:785 arg1 hybrid 787:792 the control hybrid 775:792 the control hybrid (NLO) 775:798 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 3 88 theme fiber 519:523 arg1 digestibility 531:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 3 88 theme fiber 519:523 arg1 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 11 89 theme starch 1664:1669 arg1 digestibility 1619:1631 The total-tract digestibility 1603:1631 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein 1603:1688 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 11 89 theme starch 1664:1669 arg1 lower 1694:1698 lower 1694:1698 lower 1694:1698 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 1 90 theme brown 185:189 arg1 BMR 199:201 BMR 199:201 BMR 199:201 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 1 90 theme brown 185:189 arg1 midrib 191:196 brown midrib 185:196 brown midrib (BMR)] 185:203 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 11 91 theme protein 1682:1688 arg1 digestibility 1619:1631 The total-tract digestibility 1603:1631 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein 1603:1688 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 11 91 theme protein 1682:1688 arg1 lower 1694:1698 lower 1694:1698 lower 1694:1698 The total-tract digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, starch, and crude protein was lower for cows in NLO compared with the other treatments. 25497816 2 92 theme control 399:405 arg1 % 419:419 the control hybrid [3.09% 395:419 the control hybrid [3.09% 395:419 The chemical composition of the corn silages was similar except for lignin, which was higher in the control hybrid [3.09%, dry matter (DM) basis] compared with the BMR hybrid (2.19%). 25497816 3 93 theme neutral 501:507 arg1 digestibility 531:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 3 93 theme neutral 501:507 arg1 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 1 94 dep hybrids 164:170 arg1 BMR 199:201 BMR 199:201 BMR 199:201 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 1 94 dep hybrids 164:170 arg1 [control 172:179 [control 172:179 [control 172:179 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 1 94 dep hybrids 164:170 arg1 midrib 191:196 brown midrib 185:196 brown midrib (BMR)] 185:203 We evaluated the effects of corn silage hybrids [control vs. brown midrib (BMR)] and the proportion of corn silage in rations on the performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 0 95 theme proportions 38:48 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 0:122 The effect of hybrid type and dietary proportions of corn silage on the lactation performance of high-producing dairy cows. 25497816 4 96 contain containing 732:741 arg1 % 707:707 38% concentrate 705:719 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO) 705:798 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 96 contain containing 732:741 arg1 BHI 849:851 BHI 849:851 BHI 849:851 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 96 contain containing 732:741 arg1 hybrid 816:821 the BMR hybrid 808:821 the BMR hybrid (BLO) 808:827 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 96 contain containing 732:741 arg1 BLO 824:826 BLO 824:826 BLO 824:826 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 96 contain containing 732:741 arg2 silage 763:768 35% (DM basis) corn silage 743:768 35% (DM basis) corn silage 743:768 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 96 contain containing 732:741 arg1 basis 725:729 DM basis 722:729 DM basis 722:729 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 96 contain containing 732:741 arg1 BMR 844:846 the BMR 840:846 the BMR (BHI) 840:852 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 4 97 theme corn 758:761 arg1 silage 763:768 35% (DM basis) corn silage 743:768 35% (DM basis) corn silage 743:768 Twenty-seven Holstein cows were fed 1 of 3 diets comprising 62% forage and 38% concentrate (DM basis) containing 35% (DM basis) corn silage from the control hybrid (NLO), 35% of the BMR hybrid (BLO), or 50% of the BMR (BHI). 25497816 13 98 theme high 2001:2004 arg1 levels 2006:2011 high levels 2001:2011 high levels of milk production 2001:2030 We conclude that BMR corn silage can be included in rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration, resulting in high levels of milk production. 25497816 10 99 theme milk 1496:1499 arg1 yield 1468:1472 The yield 1464:1472 The yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk 1464:1499 The yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk was higher in cows fed BLO (50.2kg/d) than in NLO (48.2kg/d) and was intermediate for BHI (49.8kg/d). 25497816 10 99 theme milk 1496:1499 arg1 intermediate 1570:1581 intermediate 1570:1581 intermediate 1570:1581 The yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk was higher in cows fed BLO (50.2kg/d) than in NLO (48.2kg/d) and was intermediate for BHI (49.8kg/d). 25497816 10 99 theme milk 1496:1499 arg1 higher 1505:1510 higher 1505:1510 higher 1505:1510 The yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk was higher in cows fed BLO (50.2kg/d) than in NLO (48.2kg/d) and was intermediate for BHI (49.8kg/d). 25497816 3 100 theme NDF 526:528 arg1 digestibility 531:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility 483:543 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 3 100 theme NDF 526:528 arg1 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 higher 554:559 The 30-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also higher (62.8% of NDF) in the BMR hybrid than in the control hybrid (52.2%). 25497816 10 101 theme % 1480:1480 arg1 milk 1496:1499 3.5% fat-corrected milk 1477:1499 3.5% fat-corrected milk 1477:1499 The yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk was higher in cows fed BLO (50.2kg/d) than in NLO (48.2kg/d) and was intermediate for BHI (49.8kg/d). 25497816 12 102 theme total-tract 1756:1766 arg1 digestibility 1768:1780 The total-tract digestibility 1752:1780 The total-tract digestibility of NDF 1752:1787 The total-tract digestibility of NDF was highest for BHI (54.4%), intermediate for BLO (50.9%), and lowest for NLO (43.2%). 25497816 12 102 theme total-tract 1756:1766 arg1 highest 1793:1799 highest 1793:1799 highest 1793:1799 The total-tract digestibility of NDF was highest for BHI (54.4%), intermediate for BLO (50.9%), and lowest for NLO (43.2%). 25497816 5 103 with diets 873:877 arg1 periods 929:935 28-d periods 924:935 28-d periods 924:935 Cows were fed the diets in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. 25497816 13 104 theme ration 1980:1985 arg1 proportions 1957:1967 moderate and high proportions 1939:1967 moderate and high proportions of a total ration 1939:1985 We conclude that BMR corn silage can be included in rations at moderate and high proportions of a total ration, resulting in high levels of milk production. 25497816 5 105 theme replicated 884:893 arg1 design 912:917 a replicated 3×3 Latin square design 882:917 a replicated 3×3 Latin square design 882:917 Cows were fed the diets in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. 28352172 5 0 theme drug 788:791 arg1 profiles 801:808 drug release profiles 788:808 drug release profiles 788:808 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 8 1 theme % 1058:1058 arg1 % 1063:1063 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% 1038:1063 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug 1038:1075 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 8 1 theme % 1058:1058 arg1 drug 1072:1075 the drug 1068:1075 the drug 1068:1075 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 8 2 theme % 1134:1134 arg1 drug 1145:1148 drug 1145:1148 drug 1145:1148 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 8 2 theme % 1134:1134 arg1 % 1140:1140 ~78%±2.28% 1131:1140 ~78%±2.28% of drug 1131:1148 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 4 3 theme % 606:606 arg1 loading 584:590 drug loading 579:590 drug loading of 18.98%±1.57% 579:606 A very lightweight-aerogel-with-matrix system was produced with drug loading of 18.98%±1.57%. 28352172 0 4 theme drug 75:78 arg1 delivery 80:87 customized oral drug delivery 59:87 customized oral drug delivery 59:87 Cellulose nanofiber aerogel as a promising biomaterial for customized oral drug delivery. 28352172 5 5 from profiles 801:808 arg1 media 703:707 media 703:707 media with different pH values 703:732 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 10 6 theme gastroretentive 1369:1383 arg1 system 1399:1404 a gastroretentive drug delivery system 1367:1404 a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability 1367:1434 Thus, we concluded that CNF aerogels offer a great possibility for a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability. 28352172 5 7 theme produced 613:620 arg1 aerogel 622:628 The produced aerogel 609:628 The produced aerogel 609:628 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 1 8 theme mucoadhesive 157:168 arg1 properties 170:179 favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties 130:179 favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method 130:216 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 6 9 theme matrix 877:882 arg1 type 869:872 the type 865:872 the type of matrix 865:882 The results showed that the type of matrix was porous and woven with excellent mechanical properties. 28352172 6 9 theme matrix 877:882 arg1 porous 888:893 porous 888:893 porous 888:893 The results showed that the type of matrix was porous and woven with excellent mechanical properties. 28352172 4 10 theme ±1.57 601:605 arg1 % 600:600 % 600:600 % 600:600 A very lightweight-aerogel-with-matrix system was produced with drug loading of 18.98%±1.57%. 28352172 4 11 theme lightweight-aerogel-with-matrix 522:552 arg1 system 554:559 A very lightweight-aerogel-with-matrix system 515:559 A very lightweight-aerogel-with-matrix system 515:559 A very lightweight-aerogel-with-matrix system was produced with drug loading of 18.98%±1.57%. 28352172 5 12 theme swelling 682:689 arg1 tendency 691:698 swelling tendency 682:698 swelling tendency in media with different pH values 682:732 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 8 13 theme pH 1176:1177 arg1 medium 1166:1171 medium 1166:1171 medium of pH 7.4 1166:1181 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 5 14 theme different 816:824 arg1 conditions 829:838 different pH conditions 816:838 different pH conditions 816:838 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 7 15 theme drug 947:950 arg1 release 952:958 The drug release 943:958 The drug release 943:958 The drug release was assessed by dialysis, which was fitted with suitable mathematical models. 28352172 1 16 theme oral 268:271 arg1 system 298:303 oral controlled drug delivery system 268:303 oral controlled drug delivery system 268:303 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 6 17 theme mechanical 920:929 arg1 properties 931:940 excellent mechanical properties 910:940 excellent mechanical properties 910:940 The results showed that the type of matrix was porous and woven with excellent mechanical properties. 28352172 6 18 theme excellent 910:918 arg1 properties 931:940 excellent mechanical properties 910:940 excellent mechanical properties 910:940 The results showed that the type of matrix was porous and woven with excellent mechanical properties. 28352172 1 19 theme controlled 273:282 arg1 system 298:303 oral controlled drug delivery system 268:303 oral controlled drug delivery system 268:303 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 5 20 theme mucoadhesive 754:765 arg1 force 778:782 mucoadhesive detachment force 754:782 mucoadhesive detachment force 754:782 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 9 21 theme study 1246:1250 arg1 results 1227:1233 The results 1223:1233 The results of in vivo study 1223:1250 The results of in vivo study showed a 3.25-fold increase in bioavailability. 28352172 1 22 with aerogels 116:123 arg1 properties 170:179 favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties 130:179 favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method 130:216 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 8 23 dep released 1081:1088 arg1 whereas 1123:1129 whereas 1123:1129 whereas 1123:1129 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 3 24 theme Drug 366:369 arg1 loading 371:377 Drug loading 366:377 Drug loading 366:377 Drug loading was carried out by the physical adsorption method, and optimization of drug-loaded formulation was done using central composite design. 28352172 9 25 theme in 1238:1239 arg1 study 1246:1250 in vivo study 1238:1250 in vivo study 1238:1250 The results of in vivo study showed a 3.25-fold increase in bioavailability. 28352172 3 26 theme drug-loaded 450:460 arg1 formulation 462:472 drug-loaded formulation 450:472 drug-loaded formulation 450:472 Drug loading was carried out by the physical adsorption method, and optimization of drug-loaded formulation was done using central composite design. 28352172 5 27 theme release 793:799 arg1 profiles 801:808 drug release profiles 788:808 drug release profiles 788:808 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 10 28 theme drug 1385:1388 arg1 system 1399:1404 a gastroretentive drug delivery system 1367:1404 a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability 1367:1434 Thus, we concluded that CNF aerogels offer a great possibility for a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability. 28352172 9 29 theme 3.25-fold 1261:1269 arg1 increase 1271:1278 a 3.25-fold increase 1259:1278 a 3.25-fold increase in bioavailability 1259:1297 The results of in vivo study showed a 3.25-fold increase in bioavailability. 28352172 6 30 with porous 888:893 arg1 properties 931:940 excellent mechanical properties 910:940 excellent mechanical properties 910:940 The results showed that the type of matrix was porous and woven with excellent mechanical properties. 28352172 8 31 theme drug 1145:1148 arg1 drug 1145:1148 drug 1145:1148 drug 1145:1148 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 8 31 theme drug 1145:1148 arg1 % 1140:1140 ~78%±2.28% 1131:1140 ~78%±2.28% of drug 1131:1148 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 1 32 theme drug 284:287 arg1 system 298:303 oral controlled drug delivery system 268:303 oral controlled drug delivery system 268:303 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 5 33 theme tensile 664:670 arg1 strength 672:679 tensile strength 664:679 tensile strength 664:679 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 5 34 from strength 672:679 arg1 media 703:707 media 703:707 media with different pH values 703:732 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 1 35 theme Cellulose 90:98 arg1 CNF 111:113 CNF 111:113 CNF 111:113 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 1 35 theme Cellulose 90:98 arg1 nanofiber 100:108 Cellulose nanofiber 90:108 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method 90:216 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 10 36 with system 1399:1404 arg1 bioavailability 1420:1434 improved bioavailability 1411:1434 improved bioavailability 1411:1434 Thus, we concluded that CNF aerogels offer a great possibility for a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability. 28352172 5 37 with media 703:707 arg1 values 727:732 different pH values 714:732 different pH values 714:732 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 1 38 theme delivery 289:296 arg1 system 298:303 oral controlled drug delivery system 268:303 oral controlled drug delivery system 268:303 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 5 39 theme pH 724:725 arg1 values 727:732 different pH values 714:732 different pH values 714:732 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 1 40 theme nanofiber 100:108 arg1 aerogels 116:123 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels 90:123 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method 90:216 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 1 40 theme nanofiber 100:108 arg1 carriers 255:262 new possible carriers 242:262 new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system 242:303 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 10 41 theme delivery 1390:1397 arg1 system 1399:1404 a gastroretentive drug delivery system 1367:1404 a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability 1367:1434 Thus, we concluded that CNF aerogels offer a great possibility for a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability. 28352172 1 42 theme freeze-drying 197:209 arg1 method 211:216 the freeze-drying method 193:216 the freeze-drying method 193:216 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 2 43 theme Bendamustine 306:317 arg1 hydrochloride 319:331 Bendamustine hydrochloride 306:331 Bendamustine hydrochloride 306:331 Bendamustine hydrochloride is considered as the model drug. 28352172 2 43 theme Bendamustine 306:317 arg1 drug 360:363 the model drug 350:363 the model drug 350:363 Bendamustine hydrochloride is considered as the model drug. 28352172 10 44 theme great 1345:1349 arg1 possibility 1351:1361 a great possibility 1343:1361 a great possibility for a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability 1343:1434 Thus, we concluded that CNF aerogels offer a great possibility for a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability. 28352172 0 45 theme promising 33:41 arg1 aerogel 20:26 aerogel 20:26 aerogel 20:26 Cellulose nanofiber aerogel as a promising biomaterial for customized oral drug delivery. 28352172 0 45 theme promising 33:41 arg1 biomaterial 43:53 a promising biomaterial 31:53 a promising biomaterial for customized oral drug delivery 31:87 Cellulose nanofiber aerogel as a promising biomaterial for customized oral drug delivery. 28352172 4 46 theme 18.98 595:599 arg1 % 600:600 % 600:600 % 600:600 A very lightweight-aerogel-with-matrix system was produced with drug loading of 18.98%±1.57%. 28352172 3 47 theme formulation 462:472 arg1 optimization 434:445 optimization 434:445 optimization of drug-loaded formulation 434:472 Drug loading was carried out by the physical adsorption method, and optimization of drug-loaded formulation was done using central composite design. 28352172 5 48 theme floating 735:742 arg1 behavior 744:751 floating behavior 735:751 floating behavior 735:751 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 5 49 from behavior 744:751 arg1 media 703:707 media 703:707 media with different pH values 703:732 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 9 50 from increase 1271:1278 arg1 bioavailability 1283:1297 bioavailability 1283:1297 bioavailability 1283:1297 The results of in vivo study showed a 3.25-fold increase in bioavailability. 28352172 5 51 theme detachment 767:776 arg1 force 778:782 mucoadhesive detachment force 754:782 mucoadhesive detachment force 754:782 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 3 52 theme physical 402:409 arg1 method 422:427 the physical adsorption method 398:427 the physical adsorption method 398:427 Drug loading was carried out by the physical adsorption method, and optimization of drug-loaded formulation was done using central composite design. 28352172 5 53 from tendency 691:698 arg1 media 703:707 media 703:707 media with different pH values 703:732 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 5 54 theme pH 826:827 arg1 conditions 829:838 different pH conditions 816:838 different pH conditions 816:838 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 9 55 dep in 1238:1239 arg1 vivo 1241:1244 vivo 1241:1244 vivo 1241:1244 The results of in vivo study showed a 3.25-fold increase in bioavailability. 28352172 3 56 theme adsorption 411:420 arg1 method 422:427 the physical adsorption method 398:427 the physical adsorption method 398:427 Drug loading was carried out by the physical adsorption method, and optimization of drug-loaded formulation was done using central composite design. 28352172 4 57 theme drug 579:582 arg1 loading 584:590 drug loading 579:590 drug loading of 18.98%±1.57% 579:606 A very lightweight-aerogel-with-matrix system was produced with drug loading of 18.98%±1.57%. 28352172 7 58 theme mathematical 1017:1028 arg1 models 1030:1035 suitable mathematical models 1008:1035 suitable mathematical models 1008:1035 The drug release was assessed by dialysis, which was fitted with suitable mathematical models. 28352172 2 59 theme model 354:358 arg1 hydrochloride 319:331 Bendamustine hydrochloride 306:331 Bendamustine hydrochloride 306:331 Bendamustine hydrochloride is considered as the model drug. 28352172 2 59 theme model 354:358 arg1 drug 360:363 the model drug 350:363 the model drug 350:363 Bendamustine hydrochloride is considered as the model drug. 28352172 8 60 theme pH 1115:1116 arg1 medium 1105:1110 medium 1105:1110 medium of pH 1.2 1105:1120 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 5 61 from morphology 652:661 arg1 media 703:707 media 703:707 media with different pH values 703:732 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 10 62 theme CNF 1324:1326 arg1 aerogels 1328:1335 CNF aerogels 1324:1335 CNF aerogels 1324:1335 Thus, we concluded that CNF aerogels offer a great possibility for a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability. 28352172 3 63 theme central 489:495 arg1 design 507:512 central composite design 489:512 central composite design 489:512 Drug loading was carried out by the physical adsorption method, and optimization of drug-loaded formulation was done using central composite design. 28352172 5 64 theme different 714:722 arg1 values 727:732 different pH values 714:732 different pH values 714:732 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 5 65 from force 778:782 arg1 media 703:707 media 703:707 media with different pH values 703:732 The produced aerogel was characterized for morphology, tensile strength, swelling tendency in media with different pH values, floating behavior, mucoadhesive detachment force and drug release profiles under different pH conditions. 28352172 10 66 theme improved 1411:1418 arg1 bioavailability 1420:1434 improved bioavailability 1411:1434 improved bioavailability 1411:1434 Thus, we concluded that CNF aerogels offer a great possibility for a gastroretentive drug delivery system with improved bioavailability. 28352172 3 67 theme composite 497:505 arg1 design 507:512 central composite design 489:512 central composite design 489:512 Drug loading was carried out by the physical adsorption method, and optimization of drug-loaded formulation was done using central composite design. 28352172 0 68 theme oral 70:73 arg1 delivery 80:87 customized oral drug delivery 59:87 customized oral drug delivery 59:87 Cellulose nanofiber aerogel as a promising biomaterial for customized oral drug delivery. 28352172 8 69 theme drug 1072:1075 arg1 % 1063:1063 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% 1038:1063 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug 1038:1075 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 8 69 theme drug 1072:1075 arg1 drug 1072:1075 the drug 1068:1075 the drug 1068:1075 Approximately 69.205%±2.5% of the drug was released in 24 hours in medium of pH 1.2, whereas ~78%±2.28% of drug was released in medium of pH 7.4, with floating behavior for ~7.5 hours. 28352172 7 70 theme suitable 1008:1015 arg1 models 1030:1035 suitable mathematical models 1008:1035 suitable mathematical models 1008:1035 The drug release was assessed by dialysis, which was fitted with suitable mathematical models. 28352172 1 71 theme favorable 130:138 arg1 properties 170:179 favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties 130:179 favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method 130:216 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 1 72 theme new 242:244 arg1 aerogels 116:123 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels 90:123 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method 90:216 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 1 72 theme new 242:244 arg1 carriers 255:262 new possible carriers 242:262 new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system 242:303 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 0 73 theme customized 59:68 arg1 delivery 80:87 customized oral drug delivery 59:87 customized oral drug delivery 59:87 Cellulose nanofiber aerogel as a promising biomaterial for customized oral drug delivery. 28352172 1 74 theme floatability 140:151 arg1 properties 170:179 favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties 130:179 favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method 130:216 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 1 75 theme possible 246:253 arg1 aerogels 116:123 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels 90:123 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method 90:216 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 28352172 1 75 theme possible 246:253 arg1 carriers 255:262 new possible carriers 242:262 new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system 242:303 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels with favorable floatability and mucoadhesive properties prepared by the freeze-drying method have been introduced as new possible carriers for oral controlled drug delivery system. 29058462 9 0 from numbers 1443:1449 arg1 digesta 1461:1467 caecal digesta 1454:1467 caecal digesta 1454:1467 The yeast and mould numbers in caecal digesta was highest in Group Con. 29058462 11 1 theme eubiotic 1706:1713 arg1 treatment 1715:1723 a multi-component eubiotic treatment 1688:1723 a multi-component eubiotic treatment 1688:1723 However, the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria suggests that a multi-component eubiotic treatment changes the bacterial composition and distribution more effectively. 29058462 2 2 theme acid 650:653 arg1 bacteria 655:662 lactic acid bacteria 643:662 lactic acid bacteria 643:662 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 7 3 dep Groups 1176:1181 arg1 PhP 1192:1194 PhP 1192:1194 PhP 1192:1194 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 7 3 dep Groups 1176:1181 arg1 P 1186:1186 P 1186:1186 P 1186:1186 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 7 3 dep Groups 1176:1181 arg1 I 1183:1183 I 1183:1183 I 1183:1183 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 2 4 theme herbal 566:571 arg1 phytobiotic 553:563 phytobiotic 553:563 phytobiotic 553:563 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 4 theme herbal 566:571 arg1 extracts 579:586 herbal water extracts 566:586 herbal water extracts 566:586 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 1 5 from activity 264:271 arg1 tract 290:294 the digestive tract 276:294 the digestive tract of growing pigs 276:310 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 8 6 theme fatty 1331:1335 arg1 acids 1337:1341 The short-chain fatty acids 1315:1341 The short-chain fatty acids 1315:1341 The short-chain fatty acids and particular acid content differed significantly only in the colonic digesta. 29058462 11 7 theme bacterial 1737:1745 arg1 composition 1747:1757 the bacterial composition 1733:1757 the bacterial composition 1733:1757 However, the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria suggests that a multi-component eubiotic treatment changes the bacterial composition and distribution more effectively. 29058462 5 8 dep Groups 968:973 arg1 Groups 968:973 Groups Ph and P 968:982 Groups Ph and P 968:982 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 5 8 dep Groups 968:973 arg1 P 982:982 P 982:982 P 982:982 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 5 8 dep Groups 968:973 arg1 Ph 975:976 Ph 975:976 Ph 975:976 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 11 9 theme higher 1642:1647 arg1 number 1649:1654 the observed significantly higher number 1615:1654 the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria 1615:1672 However, the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria suggests that a multi-component eubiotic treatment changes the bacterial composition and distribution more effectively. 29058462 2 10 dep I 500:500 arg1 2 491:491 2 491:491 2 491:491 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 11 theme Control 452:458 arg1 Con 467:469 Con 467:469 Con 467:469 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 11 theme Control 452:458 arg1 addition 503:510 addition 503:510 addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic 503:783 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 11 theme Control 452:458 arg1 Group 460:464 (1) Control Group 448:464 (1) Control Group (Con) without additive 448:487 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 11 theme Control 452:458 arg1 I 500:500 (2) Group I 490:500 (2) Group I 490:500 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 10 12 theme acid 1555:1558 arg1 bacteria 1560:1567 lactic acid bacteria 1548:1567 lactic acid bacteria 1548:1567 No treatment effects were observed for the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium. 29058462 0 13 theme intestinal 93:102 arg1 microflora 104:113 intestinal microflora 93:113 intestinal microflora 93:113 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 11 14 theme observed 1619:1626 arg1 number 1649:1654 the observed significantly higher number 1615:1654 the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria 1615:1672 However, the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria suggests that a multi-component eubiotic treatment changes the bacterial composition and distribution more effectively. 29058462 8 15 theme acid 1358:1361 arg1 content 1363:1369 particular acid content 1347:1369 particular acid content 1347:1369 The short-chain fatty acids and particular acid content differed significantly only in the colonic digesta. 29058462 7 16 theme dry 1249:1251 arg1 contents 1260:1267 dry matter contents 1249:1267 dry matter contents 1249:1267 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 2 17 theme 12 kg 377:381 arg1 BW 396:397 BW 396:397 BW 396:397 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 17 theme 12 kg 377:381 arg1 weight 388:393 12 kg body weight 377:393 12 kg body weight (BW) 377:398 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 1 18 theme bacteria 177:184 arg1 effect 157:162 the effect 153:162 the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs 153:310 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 10 19 theme group 1575:1579 arg1 bacteria 1581:1588 coli group bacteria 1570:1588 coli group bacteria 1570:1588 No treatment effects were observed for the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium. 29058462 1 20 from effect 157:162 arg1 performance 238:248 performance 238:248 performance 238:248 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 1 20 from effect 157:162 arg1 activity 264:271 microbial activity 254:271 microbial activity 254:271 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 2 21 theme probiotic 750:758 arg1 bacteria 760:767 probiotic bacteria 750:767 probiotic bacteria 750:767 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 21 theme probiotic 750:758 arg1 Ph 547:548 (3) Group Ph 537:548 (3) Group Ph 537:548 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 22 theme Group 541:545 arg1 phytobiotic 737:747 phytobiotic 737:747 phytobiotic 737:747 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 22 theme Group 541:545 arg1 Ph 547:548 (3) Group Ph 537:548 (3) Group Ph 537:548 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 22 theme Group 541:545 arg1 prebiotic 775:783 prebiotic 775:783 prebiotic 775:783 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 22 theme Group 541:545 arg1 P 600:600 (4) Group P 590:600 (4) Group P 590:600 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 22 theme Group 541:545 arg1 bacteria 760:767 probiotic bacteria 750:767 probiotic bacteria 750:767 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 22 theme Group 541:545 arg1 phytobiotic 553:563 phytobiotic 553:563 phytobiotic 553:563 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 22 theme Group 541:545 arg1 probiotic 605:613 probiotic 605:613 probiotic 605:613 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 22 theme Group 541:545 arg1 inulin 528:533 inulin 528:533 inulin 528:533 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 0 23 theme growing 60:66 arg1 pigs 68:71 growing pigs 60:71 growing pigs 60:71 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 1 24 theme pigs 307:310 arg1 tract 290:294 the digestive tract 276:294 the digestive tract of growing pigs 276:310 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 1 25 theme study 132:136 arg1 aim 120:122 The aim 116:122 The aim of this study 116:136 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 7 26 theme pH 1201:1202 arg1 lower 1214:1218 lower 1214:1218 lower 1214:1218 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 7 26 theme pH 1201:1202 arg1 level 1204:1208 the pH level 1197:1208 the pH level 1197:1208 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 2 27 theme probiotic 696:704 arg1 bacteria 706:713 phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria 680:713 phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria 680:713 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 28 dep Ph 547:548 arg1 3 538:538 3 538:538 3 538:538 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 29 theme Group 723:727 arg1 PhPI 729:732 (6) Group PhPI 719:732 (6) Group PhPI 719:732 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 4 30 theme diarrhoea 933:941 arg1 incidents 943:951 diarrhoea incidents 933:951 diarrhoea incidents 933:951 In all groups except for Group I, diarrhoea incidents were observed. 29058462 2 31 dep conducted 332:340 arg1 Con 467:469 Con 467:469 Con 467:469 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 31 dep conducted 332:340 arg1 addition 503:510 addition 503:510 addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic 503:783 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 31 dep conducted 332:340 arg1 Group 460:464 (1) Control Group 448:464 (1) Control Group (Con) without additive 448:487 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 31 dep conducted 332:340 arg1 I 500:500 (2) Group I 490:500 (2) Group I 490:500 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 5 32 theme final 1025:1029 arg1 BW 1031:1032 final BW 1025:1032 final BW 1025:1032 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 6 33 theme digesta 1104:1110 arg1 pH 1092:1093 The pH 1088:1093 The pH of ileal digesta 1088:1110 The pH of ileal digesta was significantly lower in Group PhPI. 29058462 6 33 theme digesta 1104:1110 arg1 lower 1130:1134 lower 1130:1134 lower 1130:1134 The pH of ileal digesta was significantly lower in Group PhPI. 29058462 12 34 theme feed 1933:1936 arg1 additives 1938:1946 feed additives 1933:1946 feed additives offered separately 1933:1965 Our findings indicated that all used additives changed the intestinal microflora, but the multi-component eubiotics were not beneficial as feed additives offered separately. 29058462 9 35 theme yeast 1427:1431 arg1 highest 1473:1479 highest 1473:1479 highest 1473:1479 The yeast and mould numbers in caecal digesta was highest in Group Con. 29058462 9 35 theme yeast 1427:1431 arg1 numbers 1443:1449 The yeast and mould numbers 1423:1449 The yeast and mould numbers in caecal digesta 1423:1467 The yeast and mould numbers in caecal digesta was highest in Group Con. 29058462 2 36 theme prebiotic 517:525 arg1 phytobiotic 737:747 phytobiotic 737:747 phytobiotic 737:747 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 36 theme prebiotic 517:525 arg1 Ph 547:548 (3) Group Ph 537:548 (3) Group Ph 537:548 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 36 theme prebiotic 517:525 arg1 prebiotic 775:783 prebiotic 775:783 prebiotic 775:783 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 36 theme prebiotic 517:525 arg1 P 600:600 (4) Group P 590:600 (4) Group P 590:600 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 36 theme prebiotic 517:525 arg1 bacteria 760:767 probiotic bacteria 750:767 probiotic bacteria 750:767 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 36 theme prebiotic 517:525 arg1 phytobiotic 553:563 phytobiotic 553:563 phytobiotic 553:563 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 36 theme prebiotic 517:525 arg1 probiotic 605:613 probiotic 605:613 probiotic 605:613 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 36 theme prebiotic 517:525 arg1 inulin 528:533 inulin 528:533 inulin 528:533 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 5 37 theme higher 1002:1007 arg1 gains 1015:1019 significantly higher daily gains 988:1019 significantly higher daily gains 988:1019 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 1 38 theme microbial 254:262 arg1 activity 264:271 microbial activity 254:271 microbial activity 254:271 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 9 39 theme mould 1437:1441 arg1 highest 1473:1479 highest 1473:1479 highest 1473:1479 The yeast and mould numbers in caecal digesta was highest in Group Con. 29058462 9 39 theme mould 1437:1441 arg1 numbers 1443:1449 The yeast and mould numbers 1423:1449 The yeast and mould numbers in caecal digesta 1423:1467 The yeast and mould numbers in caecal digesta was highest in Group Con. 29058462 2 40 theme male 358:361 arg1 pigs 363:366 48 male pigs 355:366 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments 355:444 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 0 41 theme feed 23:26 arg1 additives 28:36 eubiotic feed additives 14:36 eubiotic feed additives 14:36 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 2 42 theme phytobiotic 680:690 arg1 bacteria 706:713 phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria 680:713 phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria 680:713 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 1 43 theme digestive 280:288 arg1 tract 290:294 the digestive tract 276:294 the digestive tract of growing pigs 276:310 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 13 44 theme animal 2051:2056 arg1 performance 2058:2068 the animal performance 2047:2068 the animal performance 2047:2068 Moreover, supplementation of phytobiotics and probiotic bacteria also improved the animal performance significantly. 29058462 2 45 theme PhP 675:677 arg1 strains 632:638 four strains 627:638 four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI 627:732 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 5 46 theme other 1074:1078 arg1 groups 1080:1085 other groups 1074:1085 other groups 1074:1085 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 7 47 theme caecal 1158:1163 arg1 digesta 1165:1171 the caecal digesta 1154:1171 the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP 1154:1194 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 6 48 theme ileal 1098:1102 arg1 digesta 1104:1110 ileal digesta 1098:1110 ileal digesta 1098:1110 The pH of ileal digesta was significantly lower in Group PhPI. 29058462 5 49 theme Group 1039:1043 arg1 Ph 1045:1046 Group Ph 1039:1046 Group Ph utilised 1039:1055 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 2 50 dep Group 460:464 arg1 1 449:449 1 449:449 1 449:449 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 13 51 theme bacteria 2024:2031 arg1 supplementation 1978:1992 supplementation 1978:1992 supplementation of phytobiotics and probiotic bacteria 1978:2031 Moreover, supplementation of phytobiotics and probiotic bacteria also improved the animal performance significantly. 29058462 9 52 theme Group 1484:1488 arg1 Con 1490:1492 Group Con 1484:1492 Group Con 1484:1492 The yeast and mould numbers in caecal digesta was highest in Group Con. 29058462 2 53 theme bacteria 655:662 arg1 strains 632:638 four strains 627:638 four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI 627:732 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 10 54 theme treatment 1498:1506 arg1 effects 1508:1514 No treatment effects 1495:1514 No treatment effects 1495:1514 No treatment effects were observed for the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium. 29058462 1 55 theme combinations 222:233 arg1 effect 157:162 the effect 153:162 the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs 153:310 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 2 56 theme water 573:577 arg1 phytobiotic 553:563 phytobiotic 553:563 phytobiotic 553:563 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 56 theme water 573:577 arg1 extracts 579:586 herbal water extracts 566:586 herbal water extracts 566:586 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 57 theme lactic 643:648 arg1 bacteria 655:662 lactic acid bacteria 643:662 lactic acid bacteria 643:662 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 58 theme Group 494:498 arg1 Group 460:464 (1) Control Group 448:464 (1) Control Group (Con) without additive 448:487 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 58 theme Group 494:498 arg1 I 500:500 (2) Group I 490:500 (2) Group I 490:500 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 1 59 from performance 238:248 arg1 tract 290:294 the digestive tract 276:294 the digestive tract of growing pigs 276:310 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 8 60 theme short-chain 1319:1329 arg1 acids 1337:1341 The short-chain fatty acids 1315:1341 The short-chain fatty acids 1315:1341 The short-chain fatty acids and particular acid content differed significantly only in the colonic digesta. 29058462 2 61 theme bacteria 706:713 arg1 strains 632:638 four strains 627:638 four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI 627:732 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 7 62 theme matter 1253:1258 arg1 contents 1260:1267 dry matter contents 1249:1267 dry matter contents 1249:1267 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 2 63 dep P 600:600 arg1 4 591:591 4 591:591 4 591:591 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 10 64 theme bacteria 1560:1567 arg1 number 1538:1543 the number 1534:1543 the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium 1534:1603 No treatment effects were observed for the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium. 29058462 0 65 theme microflora 104:113 arg1 performance 45:55 the performance 41:55 the performance of growing pigs 41:71 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 0 65 theme microflora 104:113 arg1 activity 81:88 the activity 77:88 the activity of intestinal microflora 77:113 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 11 66 theme bacteria 1665:1672 arg1 number 1649:1654 the observed significantly higher number 1615:1654 the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria 1615:1672 However, the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria suggests that a multi-component eubiotic treatment changes the bacterial composition and distribution more effectively. 29058462 10 67 theme lactic 1548:1553 arg1 bacteria 1560:1567 lactic acid bacteria 1548:1567 lactic acid bacteria 1548:1567 No treatment effects were observed for the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium. 29058462 5 68 contain had 984:986 arg2 BW 1031:1032 final BW 1025:1032 final BW 1025:1032 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 5 68 contain had 984:986 arg1 P 982:982 P 982:982 P 982:982 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 5 68 contain had 984:986 arg1 Groups 968:973 Groups Ph and P 968:982 Groups Ph and P 968:982 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 5 68 contain had 984:986 arg2 gains 1015:1019 significantly higher daily gains 988:1019 significantly higher daily gains 988:1019 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 5 68 contain had 984:986 arg1 Ph 975:976 Ph 975:976 Ph 975:976 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 8 69 theme particular 1347:1356 arg1 content 1363:1369 particular acid content 1347:1369 particular acid content 1347:1369 The short-chain fatty acids and particular acid content differed significantly only in the colonic digesta. 29058462 1 70 theme probiotic 167:175 arg1 bacteria 177:184 probiotic bacteria 167:184 probiotic bacteria 167:184 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 7 71 theme other 1232:1236 arg1 groups 1238:1243 the other groups 1228:1243 the other groups 1228:1243 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 7 72 dep Groups 1297:1302 arg1 Con 1304:1306 Con 1304:1306 Con 1304:1306 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 7 72 dep Groups 1297:1302 arg1 Groups 1297:1302 Groups Con and I 1297:1312 Groups Con and I 1297:1312 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 7 72 dep Groups 1297:1302 arg1 I 1312:1312 I 1312:1312 I 1312:1312 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 10 73 theme bacteria 1581:1588 arg1 number 1538:1543 the number 1534:1543 the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium 1534:1603 No treatment effects were observed for the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium. 29058462 11 74 theme multi-component 1690:1704 arg1 treatment 1715:1723 a multi-component eubiotic treatment 1688:1723 a multi-component eubiotic treatment 1688:1723 However, the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria suggests that a multi-component eubiotic treatment changes the bacterial composition and distribution more effectively. 29058462 10 75 theme coli 1570:1573 arg1 bacteria 1581:1588 coli group bacteria 1570:1588 coli group bacteria 1570:1588 No treatment effects were observed for the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium. 29058462 11 76 theme total 1659:1663 arg1 bacteria 1665:1672 total bacteria 1659:1672 total bacteria 1659:1672 However, the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria suggests that a multi-component eubiotic treatment changes the bacterial composition and distribution more effectively. 29058462 3 77 from group 849:853 arg1 pigs 834:837 six pigs 830:837 six pigs from each group 830:853 Animal performance was recorded and at d 28 six pigs from each group were euthanised to collect digesta samples. 29058462 2 78 theme Ph 547:548 arg1 addition 503:510 addition 503:510 addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic 503:783 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 78 theme Ph 547:548 arg1 Group 460:464 (1) Control Group 448:464 (1) Control Group (Con) without additive 448:487 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 10 79 theme Clostridium 1593:1603 arg1 number 1538:1543 the number 1534:1543 the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium 1534:1603 No treatment effects were observed for the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium. 29058462 0 80 theme pigs 68:71 arg1 performance 45:55 the performance 41:55 the performance of growing pigs 41:71 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 0 80 theme pigs 68:71 arg1 activity 81:88 the activity 77:88 the activity of intestinal microflora 77:113 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 1 81 theme growing 299:305 arg1 pigs 307:310 growing pigs 299:310 growing pigs 299:310 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 3 82 theme Animal 786:791 arg1 performance 793:803 Animal performance 786:803 Animal performance 786:803 Animal performance was recorded and at d 28 six pigs from each group were euthanised to collect digesta samples. 29058462 8 83 theme colonic 1406:1412 arg1 digesta 1414:1420 the colonic digesta 1402:1420 the colonic digesta 1402:1420 The short-chain fatty acids and particular acid content differed significantly only in the colonic digesta. 29058462 12 84 theme multi-component 1884:1898 arg1 eubiotics 1900:1908 the multi-component eubiotics 1880:1908 the multi-component eubiotics 1880:1908 Our findings indicated that all used additives changed the intestinal microflora, but the multi-component eubiotics were not beneficial as feed additives offered separately. 29058462 12 84 theme multi-component 1884:1898 arg1 beneficial 1919:1928 beneficial 1919:1928 beneficial 1919:1928 Our findings indicated that all used additives changed the intestinal microflora, but the multi-component eubiotics were not beneficial as feed additives offered separately. 29058462 0 85 from effect 4:9 arg1 performance 45:55 the performance 41:55 the performance of growing pigs 41:71 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 0 85 from effect 4:9 arg1 activity 81:88 the activity 77:88 the activity of intestinal microflora 77:113 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 2 86 theme PhPI 729:732 arg1 strains 632:638 four strains 627:638 four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI 627:732 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 12 87 theme intestinal 1853:1862 arg1 microflora 1864:1873 the intestinal microflora 1849:1873 the intestinal microflora 1849:1873 Our findings indicated that all used additives changed the intestinal microflora, but the multi-component eubiotics were not beneficial as feed additives offered separately. 29058462 2 88 theme following 425:433 arg1 treatments 435:444 following treatments 425:444 following treatments 425:444 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 89 theme body 383:386 arg1 BW 396:397 BW 396:397 BW 396:397 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 89 theme body 383:386 arg1 weight 388:393 12 kg body weight 377:393 12 kg body weight (BW) 377:398 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 90 theme Group 669:673 arg1 PhP 675:677 (5) Group PhP 665:677 (5) Group PhP 665:677 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 12 91 theme used 1826:1829 arg1 additives 1831:1839 all used additives 1822:1839 all used additives 1822:1839 Our findings indicated that all used additives changed the intestinal microflora, but the multi-component eubiotics were not beneficial as feed additives offered separately. 29058462 0 92 theme eubiotic 14:21 arg1 additives 28:36 eubiotic feed additives 14:36 eubiotic feed additives 14:36 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 5 93 theme daily 1009:1013 arg1 gains 1015:1019 significantly higher daily gains 988:1019 significantly higher daily gains 988:1019 Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. 29058462 4 94 located observed 958:965 arg2 incidents 943:951 diarrhoea incidents 933:951 diarrhoea incidents 933:951 In all groups except for Group I, diarrhoea incidents were observed. 29058462 4 94 located observed 958:965 arg1 groups 906:911 all groups 902:911 all groups except for Group I 902:930 In all groups except for Group I, diarrhoea incidents were observed. 29058462 0 95 theme additives 28:36 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora 0:113 The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora. 29058462 3 96 theme digesta 882:888 arg1 samples 890:896 digesta samples 882:896 digesta samples 882:896 Animal performance was recorded and at d 28 six pigs from each group were euthanised to collect digesta samples. 29058462 9 97 theme caecal 1454:1459 arg1 digesta 1461:1467 caecal digesta 1454:1467 caecal digesta 1454:1467 The yeast and mould numbers in caecal digesta was highest in Group Con. 29058462 10 98 theme No 1495:1496 arg1 effects 1508:1514 No treatment effects 1495:1514 No treatment effects 1495:1514 No treatment effects were observed for the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium. 29058462 7 99 theme Groups 1176:1181 arg1 digesta 1165:1171 the caecal digesta 1154:1171 the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP 1154:1194 In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. 29058462 13 100 theme phytobiotics 1997:2008 arg1 supplementation 1978:1992 supplementation 1978:1992 supplementation of phytobiotics and probiotic bacteria 1978:2031 Moreover, supplementation of phytobiotics and probiotic bacteria also improved the animal performance significantly. 29058462 2 101 theme Group 594:598 arg1 Ph 547:548 (3) Group Ph 537:548 (3) Group Ph 537:548 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 2 101 theme Group 594:598 arg1 P 600:600 (4) Group P 590:600 (4) Group P 590:600 The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. 29058462 1 102 theme prebiotics 187:196 arg1 effect 157:162 the effect 153:162 the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs 153:310 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29058462 13 103 theme probiotic 2014:2022 arg1 bacteria 2024:2031 probiotic bacteria 2014:2031 probiotic bacteria 2014:2031 Moreover, supplementation of phytobiotics and probiotic bacteria also improved the animal performance significantly. 29058462 6 104 theme Group 1139:1143 arg1 PhPI 1145:1148 Group PhPI 1139:1148 Group PhPI 1139:1148 The pH of ileal digesta was significantly lower in Group PhPI. 29058462 1 105 theme phytobiotics 199:210 arg1 effect 157:162 the effect 153:162 the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs 153:310 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. 29124888 5 0 theme S. 936:937 arg1 isolates 946:953 S. mutans isolates 936:953 S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose 936:1053 Our data revealed S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose, and this difference correlated with sensitivity to H2 O2 produced by S. oralis. 29124888 5 1 theme varied 955:960 arg1 isolates 946:953 S. mutans isolates 936:953 S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose 936:1053 Our data revealed S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose, and this difference correlated with sensitivity to H2 O2 produced by S. oralis. 29124888 5 2 theme mutans 939:944 arg1 isolates 946:953 S. mutans isolates 936:953 S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose 936:1053 Our data revealed S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose, and this difference correlated with sensitivity to H2 O2 produced by S. oralis. 29124888 0 3 theme mixed-species 110:122 arg1 model 132:136 an ecological mixed-species biofilm model 96:136 an ecological mixed-species biofilm model 96:136 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates affects competition in an ecological mixed-species biofilm model. 29124888 7 4 theme S. 1332:1333 arg1 isolates 1342:1349 S. mutans isolates 1332:1349 S. mutans isolates 1332:1349 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 7 5 theme oxidative 1302:1310 arg1 tolerance 1319:1327 diminished oxidative stress tolerance 1291:1327 diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates 1291:1349 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 2 6 theme few 317:319 arg1 strains 351:357 a few well-characterized laboratory strains 315:357 a few well-characterized laboratory strains 315:357 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 3 7 theme mutans 610:615 arg1 isolates 617:624 several S. mutans isolates 599:624 several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii 599:677 Using an ecological biofilm model, we assessed the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition following exposure to sucrose. 29124888 0 8 theme ecological 99:108 arg1 model 132:136 an ecological mixed-species biofilm model 96:136 an ecological mixed-species biofilm model 96:136 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates affects competition in an ecological mixed-species biofilm model. 29124888 3 9 theme several 599:605 arg1 isolates 617:624 several S. mutans isolates 599:624 several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii 599:677 Using an ecological biofilm model, we assessed the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition following exposure to sucrose. 29124888 4 10 theme oxidative 889:897 arg1 stress 899:904 oxidative stress 889:904 oxidative stress 889:904 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 3 11 from impact 571:576 arg1 composition 690:700 biofilm composition 682:700 biofilm composition 682:700 Using an ecological biofilm model, we assessed the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition following exposure to sucrose. 29124888 4 12 theme altered 833:839 arg1 Smu56 826:830 Smu56 826:830 Smu56 826:830 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 12 theme altered 833:839 arg1 formation 849:857 altered biofilm formation 833:857 altered biofilm formation 833:857 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 2 13 from understanding 254:266 arg1 biofilms 294:301 biofilms 294:301 biofilms 294:301 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 1 14 theme pathogenic 199:208 arg1 biofilms 210:217 pathogenic biofilms 199:217 pathogenic biofilms associated with dental caries 199:247 Streptococcus mutans strongly influences the development of pathogenic biofilms associated with dental caries. 29124888 0 15 theme biofilm 124:130 arg1 model 132:136 an ecological mixed-species biofilm model 96:136 an ecological mixed-species biofilm model 96:136 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates affects competition in an ecological mixed-species biofilm model. 29124888 7 16 theme sucrose 1432:1438 arg1 presence 1420:1427 the presence 1416:1427 the presence 1416:1427 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 7 17 theme stress 1312:1317 arg1 tolerance 1319:1327 diminished oxidative stress tolerance 1291:1327 diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates 1291:1349 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 0 18 theme Differential 0:11 arg1 tolerance 30:38 Differential oxidative stress tolerance 0:38 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates 0:71 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates affects competition in an ecological mixed-species biofilm model. 29124888 5 19 from biofilm 1017:1023 arg1 dominant 1001:1008 dominant 1001:1008 dominant 1001:1008 Our data revealed S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose, and this difference correlated with sensitivity to H2 O2 produced by S. oralis. 29124888 1 20 theme biofilms 210:217 arg1 development 184:194 the development 180:194 the development of pathogenic biofilms associated with dental caries 180:247 Streptococcus mutans strongly influences the development of pathogenic biofilms associated with dental caries. 29124888 0 21 theme oxidative 13:21 arg1 tolerance 30:38 Differential oxidative stress tolerance 0:38 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates 0:71 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates affects competition in an ecological mixed-species biofilm model. 29124888 6 22 theme robust 1257:1262 arg1 biofilms 1264:1271 robust biofilms 1257:1271 robust biofilms 1257:1271 Smu81 was particularly sensitive to H2 O2 and could not compete with S. oralis in mixed-species biofilm, despite forming robust biofilms on its own. 29124888 3 23 theme isolates 617:624 arg1 co-cultivation 581:594 co-cultivation 581:594 co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii 581:677 Using an ecological biofilm model, we assessed the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition following exposure to sucrose. 29124888 4 24 theme reference 748:756 arg1 strain 758:763 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans 733:773 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 733:779 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 2 25 theme environmental 486:498 arg1 sensitivity 507:517 environmental stress sensitivity 486:517 environmental stress sensitivity 486:517 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 7 26 theme healthy 1484:1490 arg1 community 1500:1508 a healthy biofilm community 1482:1508 a healthy biofilm community 1482:1508 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 4 27 dep isolates 794:801 arg1 Smu56 826:830 Smu56 826:830 Smu56 826:830 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 27 dep isolates 794:801 arg1 isolates 794:801 clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) 785:905 clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) 785:905 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 27 dep isolates 794:801 arg1 formation 849:857 altered biofilm formation 833:857 altered biofilm formation 833:857 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 27 dep isolates 794:801 arg1 Smu81 864:868 Smu81 864:868 Smu81 864:868 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 27 dep isolates 794:801 arg1 Smu44 803:807 Smu44 803:807 Smu44 803:807 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 28 theme laboratory 737:746 arg1 strain 758:763 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans 733:773 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 733:779 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 3 29 with isolates 617:624 arg1 Actinomyces 656:666 Actinomyces 656:666 Actinomyces 656:666 Using an ecological biofilm model, we assessed the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition following exposure to sucrose. 29124888 3 29 with isolates 617:624 arg1 oralis 645:650 oralis 645:650 oralis 645:650 Using an ecological biofilm model, we assessed the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition following exposure to sucrose. 29124888 5 30 from varied 955:960 arg1 ability 971:977 their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose 965:1053 their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose 965:1053 Our data revealed S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose, and this difference correlated with sensitivity to H2 O2 produced by S. oralis. 29124888 2 31 theme laboratory 340:349 arg1 strains 351:357 a few well-characterized laboratory strains 315:357 a few well-characterized laboratory strains 315:357 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 2 32 from behaviour 281:289 arg1 biofilms 294:301 biofilms 294:301 biofilms 294:301 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 2 33 theme biofilm 464:470 arg1 formation 472:480 biofilm formation 464:480 biofilm formation 464:480 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 0 34 theme stress 23:28 arg1 tolerance 30:38 Differential oxidative stress tolerance 0:38 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates 0:71 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates affects competition in an ecological mixed-species biofilm model. 29124888 7 35 theme capable 1517:1523 arg1 one 1513:1515 one 1513:1515 one capable of causing disease 1513:1542 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 2 36 theme well-characterized 321:338 arg1 strains 351:357 a few well-characterized laboratory strains 315:357 a few well-characterized laboratory strains 315:357 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 4 37 theme S. 765:766 arg1 strain 758:763 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans 733:773 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 733:779 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 0 38 theme Streptococcus 43:55 arg1 isolates 64:71 Streptococcus mutans isolates 43:71 Streptococcus mutans isolates 43:71 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates affects competition in an ecological mixed-species biofilm model. 29124888 4 39 used used 912:915 arg2 Smu44 803:807 Smu44 803:807 Smu44 803:807 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 39 used used 912:915 arg2 strain 758:763 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans 733:773 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 733:779 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 39 used used 912:915 arg2 Smu56 826:830 Smu56 826:830 Smu56 826:830 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 39 used used 912:915 arg2 isolates 794:801 clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) 785:905 clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) 785:905 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 39 used used 912:915 arg2 Smu81 864:868 Smu81 864:868 Smu81 864:868 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 2 40 theme mutans 274:279 arg1 behaviour 281:289 S. mutans behaviour 271:289 S. mutans behaviour in biofilms 271:301 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 2 41 from biofilms 294:301 arg1 understanding 254:266 Our understanding 250:266 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms 250:301 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 4 42 dep strain 758:763 arg1 mutans 768:773 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans 733:773 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 733:779 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 2 43 theme S. 271:272 arg1 behaviour 281:289 S. mutans behaviour 271:289 S. mutans behaviour in biofilms 271:301 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 7 44 theme diminished 1291:1300 arg1 tolerance 1319:1327 diminished oxidative stress tolerance 1291:1327 diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates 1291:1349 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 0 45 theme isolates 64:71 arg1 tolerance 30:38 Differential oxidative stress tolerance 0:38 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates 0:71 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates affects competition in an ecological mixed-species biofilm model. 29124888 4 46 theme clinical 785:792 arg1 Smu56 826:830 Smu56 826:830 Smu56 826:830 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 46 theme clinical 785:792 arg1 isolates 794:801 clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) 785:905 clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) 785:905 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 46 theme clinical 785:792 arg1 Smu81 864:868 Smu81 864:868 Smu81 864:868 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 46 theme clinical 785:792 arg1 Smu44 803:807 Smu44 803:807 Smu44 803:807 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 0 47 theme mutans 57:62 arg1 isolates 64:71 Streptococcus mutans isolates 43:71 Streptococcus mutans isolates 43:71 Differential oxidative stress tolerance of Streptococcus mutans isolates affects competition in an ecological mixed-species biofilm model. 29124888 7 48 theme biofilm 1492:1498 arg1 community 1500:1508 a healthy biofilm community 1482:1508 a healthy biofilm community 1482:1508 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 6 49 theme mixed-species 1218:1230 arg1 biofilm 1232:1238 mixed-species biofilm 1218:1238 mixed-species biofilm 1218:1238 Smu81 was particularly sensitive to H2 O2 and could not compete with S. oralis in mixed-species biofilm, despite forming robust biofilms on its own. 29124888 7 50 theme mutans 1335:1340 arg1 isolates 1342:1349 S. mutans isolates 1332:1349 S. mutans isolates 1332:1349 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 2 51 theme individual 369:378 arg1 isolates 380:387 individual isolates 369:387 individual isolates 369:387 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 5 52 theme sucrose 1047:1053 arg1 addition 1035:1042 the addition 1031:1042 the addition of sucrose 1031:1053 Our data revealed S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose, and this difference correlated with sensitivity to H2 O2 produced by S. oralis. 29124888 7 53 theme community 1500:1508 arg1 progression 1467:1477 the progression 1463:1477 the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease 1463:1542 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 3 54 theme biofilm 682:688 arg1 composition 690:700 biofilm composition 682:700 biofilm composition 682:700 Using an ecological biofilm model, we assessed the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition following exposure to sucrose. 29124888 4 55 dep Smu44 803:807 arg1 aciduric 815:822 aciduric 815:822 aciduric 815:822 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 3 56 theme ecological 529:538 arg1 model 548:552 an ecological biofilm model 526:552 an ecological biofilm model 526:552 Using an ecological biofilm model, we assessed the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition following exposure to sucrose. 29124888 7 57 theme complex 1390:1396 arg1 biofilms 1398:1405 complex biofilms 1390:1405 complex biofilms 1390:1405 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 3 58 theme co-cultivation 581:594 arg1 impact 571:576 the impact 567:576 the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition 567:700 Using an ecological biofilm model, we assessed the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition following exposure to sucrose. 29124888 4 59 theme biofilm 841:847 arg1 Smu56 826:830 Smu56 826:830 Smu56 826:830 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 4 59 theme biofilm 841:847 arg1 formation 849:857 altered biofilm formation 833:857 altered biofilm formation 833:857 The laboratory reference strain S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolates Smu44 (most aciduric), Smu56 (altered biofilm formation) and Smu81 (more sensitive to oxidative stress) were used. 29124888 7 60 from tolerance 1319:1327 arg1 isolates 1342:1349 S. mutans isolates 1332:1349 S. mutans isolates 1332:1349 Thus, diminished oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans isolates can impair their ability to compete in complex biofilms, even in the presence of sucrose, which could influence the progression of a healthy biofilm community to one capable of causing disease. 29124888 3 61 theme biofilm 540:546 arg1 model 548:552 an ecological biofilm model 526:552 an ecological biofilm model 526:552 Using an ecological biofilm model, we assessed the impact of co-cultivation of several S. mutans isolates with Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii on biofilm composition following exposure to sucrose. 29124888 5 62 from ability 971:977 arg1 varied 955:960 varied 955:960 varied 955:960 Our data revealed S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose, and this difference correlated with sensitivity to H2 O2 produced by S. oralis. 29124888 5 63 from dominant 1001:1008 arg1 biofilm 1017:1023 the biofilm 1013:1023 the biofilm after the addition of sucrose 1013:1053 Our data revealed S. mutans isolates varied in their ability to compete and become dominant in the biofilm after the addition of sucrose, and this difference correlated with sensitivity to H2 O2 produced by S. oralis. 29124888 1 64 theme dental 235:240 arg1 caries 242:247 dental caries 235:247 dental caries 235:247 Streptococcus mutans strongly influences the development of pathogenic biofilms associated with dental caries. 29124888 2 65 theme genome 404:409 arg1 content 411:417 genome content 404:417 genome content 404:417 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 2 66 theme virulence-associated 423:442 arg1 formation 472:480 biofilm formation 464:480 biofilm formation 464:480 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 2 66 theme virulence-associated 423:442 arg1 phenotypes 444:453 virulence-associated phenotypes 423:453 virulence-associated phenotypes 423:453 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 2 66 theme virulence-associated 423:442 arg1 sensitivity 507:517 environmental stress sensitivity 486:517 environmental stress sensitivity 486:517 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 2 67 theme behaviour 281:289 arg1 understanding 254:266 Our understanding 250:266 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms 250:301 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 29124888 2 68 theme stress 500:505 arg1 sensitivity 507:517 environmental stress sensitivity 486:517 environmental stress sensitivity 486:517 Our understanding of S. mutans behaviour in biofilms is based on a few well-characterized laboratory strains; however, individual isolates vary widely in genome content and virulence-associated phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and environmental stress sensitivity. 28879845 9 0 theme major 866:870 arg1  0 900:901  0 900:901  0 900:901 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28879845 9 0 theme major 866:870 arg1 acid 878:881 the major fatty acid 862:881 the major fatty acid 862:881 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28879845 10 1 theme phospholipids 1039:1051 arg1 amounts 943:949 major amounts 937:949 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 937:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 1 theme phospholipids 1039:1051 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 1 theme phospholipids 1039:1051 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 1 theme phospholipids 1039:1051 arg1 phospholipids 1039:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 1 theme phospholipids 1039:1051 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 1 theme phospholipids 1039:1051 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 5 2 theme genus 511:515 arg1 Pseudokineococcus 517:533 the genus Pseudokineococcus 507:533 the genus Pseudokineococcus 507:533 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was related to members of the genus Pseudokineococcus. 28879845 6 3 theme rRNA 601:604 arg1 similarity 620:629 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 597:629 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 597:629 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 6 3 theme rRNA 601:604 arg1 % 594:594 98.2 % 589:594 98.2 % 589:594 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 7 4 theme diagnostic 674:683 arg1 acid 753:756 meso-diaminopimelic acid 733:756 meso-diaminopimelic acid 733:756 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28879845 7 4 theme diagnostic 674:683 arg1 acid 693:696 The diagnostic diamino acid 670:696 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 670:727 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28879845 9 5 theme fatty 872:876 arg1  0 900:901  0 900:901  0 900:901 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28879845 9 5 theme fatty 872:876 arg1 acid 878:881 the major fatty acid 862:881 the major fatty acid 862:881 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28879845 10 6 theme unidentified 1026:1037 arg1 phospholipids 1039:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 15 7 theme type 1501:1504 arg1 SKC1-2T 1516:1522 SKC1-2T 1516:1522 SKC1-2T (=DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T) 1516:1549 The type strain is SKC1-2T (=DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T). 28879845 15 7 theme type 1501:1504 arg1 strain 1506:1511 The type strain 1497:1511 The type strain 1497:1511 The type strain is SKC1-2T (=DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T). 28879845 6 8 theme 16S 597:599 arg1 similarity 620:629 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 597:629 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 597:629 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 6 8 theme 16S 597:599 arg1 % 594:594 98.2 % 589:594 98.2 % 589:594 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 7 9 theme diamino 685:691 arg1 acid 753:756 meso-diaminopimelic acid 733:756 meso-diaminopimelic acid 733:756 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28879845 7 9 theme diamino 685:691 arg1 acid 693:696 The diagnostic diamino acid 670:696 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 670:727 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28879845 12 10 theme relatedness 1137:1147 arg1 values 1149:1154 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1129:1154 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T 1129:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T were 37.5-38.1 % or 45.4-46.4 %, respectively. 28879845 2 11 theme bacterial 121:129 arg1 strain 131:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain 73:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain 73:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 28879845 6 12 dep P. 636:637 arg1 lusitanus 639:647 lusitanus 639:647 lusitanus 639:647 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 1 13 theme volcanic 58:65 arg1 rock 67:70 volcanic rock 58:70 volcanic rock 58:70 nov., isolated from volcanic rock. 28879845 12 14 dep P. 1210:1211 arg1 marinus 1213:1219 marinus 1213:1219 marinus 1213:1219 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T were 37.5-38.1 % or 45.4-46.4 %, respectively. 28879845 8 15 theme respiratory 775:785 arg1 MK-9 799:802 MK-9 799:802 MK-9 799:802 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2). 28879845 8 15 theme respiratory 775:785 arg1 quinone 787:793 The predominant respiratory quinone 759:793 The predominant respiratory quinone 759:793 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2). 28879845 12 16 theme DNA-DNA 1129:1135 arg1 values 1149:1154 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1129:1154 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T 1129:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T were 37.5-38.1 % or 45.4-46.4 %, respectively. 28879845 15 17 theme =DSM 1525:1528 arg1 SKC1-2T 1516:1522 SKC1-2T 1516:1522 SKC1-2T (=DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T) 1516:1549 The type strain is SKC1-2T (=DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T). 28879845 15 17 theme =DSM 1525:1528 arg1 43221T 1543:1548 =DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T 1525:1548 =DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T 1525:1548 The type strain is SKC1-2T (=DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T). 28879845 8 18 theme predominant 763:773 arg1 MK-9 799:802 MK-9 799:802 MK-9 799:802 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2). 28879845 8 18 theme predominant 763:773 arg1 quinone 787:793 The predominant respiratory quinone 759:793 The predominant respiratory quinone 759:793 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2). 28879845 11 19 theme 74.9 mol 1118:1125 arg1 content 1106:1112 The DNA G+C content 1094:1112 The DNA G+C content 1094:1112 The DNA G+C content was 74.9 mol%. 28879845 11 19 theme 74.9 mol 1118:1125 arg1 % 1126:1126 74.9 mol% 1118:1126 74.9 mol% 1118:1126 The DNA G+C content was 74.9 mol%. 28879845 10 20 theme phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 arg1 amounts 943:949 major amounts 937:949 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 937:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 20 theme phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 20 theme phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 20 theme phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 arg1 phospholipids 1039:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 20 theme phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 20 theme phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 5 21 theme Phylogenetic 399:410 arg1 analyses 412:419 Phylogenetic analyses 399:419 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 399:452 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was related to members of the genus Pseudokineococcus. 28879845 10 22 theme unidentified 1061:1072 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 13 23 theme relatedness 1335:1345 arg1 data 1347:1350 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1327:1350 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1327:1350 On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Pseudokineococcus, for which the name Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. 28879845 13 24 theme name 1436:1439 arg1 Pseudokineococcus 1441:1457 the name Pseudokineococcus 1432:1457 the name Pseudokineococcus 1432:1457 On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Pseudokineococcus, for which the name Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. 28879845 15 25 theme 103726T=KCCM 1530:1541 arg1 SKC1-2T 1516:1522 SKC1-2T 1516:1522 SKC1-2T (=DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T) 1516:1549 The type strain is SKC1-2T (=DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T). 28879845 15 25 theme 103726T=KCCM 1530:1541 arg1 43221T 1543:1548 =DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T 1525:1548 =DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T 1525:1548 The type strain is SKC1-2T (=DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T). 28879845 13 26 dep differences 1311:1321 arg1 the 1283:1285 the 1283:1285 the 1283:1285 On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Pseudokineococcus, for which the name Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. 28879845 13 26 dep differences 1311:1321 arg1 basis 1287:1291 basis 1287:1291 basis 1287:1291 On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Pseudokineococcus, for which the name Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. 28879845 13 27 theme genus 1397:1401 arg1 Pseudokineococcus 1403:1419 the genus Pseudokineococcus 1393:1419 the genus Pseudokineococcus 1393:1419 On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Pseudokineococcus, for which the name Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. 28879845 9 28 theme predominant 813:823 arg1 quinone 837:843 The predominant respiratory quinone 809:843 The predominant respiratory quinone 809:843 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28879845 9 28 theme predominant 813:823 arg1 MK-9 849:852 MK-9 849:852 MK-9 849:852 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28879845 6 29 dep P. 565:566 arg1 marinus 568:574 marinus 568:574 marinus 568:574 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 11 30 theme DNA 1098:1100 arg1 content 1106:1112 The DNA G+C content 1094:1112 The DNA G+C content 1094:1112 The DNA G+C content was 74.9 mol%. 28879845 11 30 theme DNA 1098:1100 arg1 % 1126:1126 74.9 mol% 1118:1126 74.9 mol% 1118:1126 The DNA G+C content was 74.9 mol%. 28879845 6 31 theme DSM 649:651 arg1 23768T 653:658 P. lusitanus DSM 23768T 636:658 P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %) 636:667 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 6 31 theme DSM 649:651 arg1 % 666:666 98.0 % 661:666 98.0 % 661:666 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 11 32 theme G+C 1102:1104 arg1 content 1106:1112 The DNA G+C content 1094:1112 The DNA G+C content 1094:1112 The DNA G+C content was 74.9 mol%. 28879845 11 32 theme G+C 1102:1104 arg1 % 1126:1126 74.9 mol% 1118:1126 74.9 mol% 1118:1126 The DNA G+C content was 74.9 mol%. 28879845 9 33 theme respiratory 825:835 arg1 quinone 837:843 The predominant respiratory quinone 809:843 The predominant respiratory quinone 809:843 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28879845 9 33 theme respiratory 825:835 arg1 MK-9 849:852 MK-9 849:852 MK-9 849:852 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28879845 6 34 theme P. 636:637 arg1 23768T 653:658 P. lusitanus DSM 23768T 636:658 P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %) 636:667 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 6 34 theme P. 636:637 arg1 % 666:666 98.0 % 661:666 98.0 % 661:666 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 6 35 theme KCCM 576:579 arg1 42250T 581:586 P. marinus KCCM 42250T 565:586 P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 565:630 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 12 36 theme P. 1210:1211 arg1 42250T 1226:1231 P. marinus KCCM 42250T 1210:1231 P. marinus KCCM 42250T 1210:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T were 37.5-38.1 % or 45.4-46.4 %, respectively. 28879845 10 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 arg1 amounts 943:949 major amounts 937:949 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 937:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 arg1 phospholipids 1039:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 38 theme polar 908:912 arg1 profile 920:926 The polar lipid profile 904:926 The polar lipid profile 904:926 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 5 39 theme gene 439:442 arg1 sequences 444:452 16S rRNA gene sequences 430:452 16S rRNA gene sequences 430:452 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was related to members of the genus Pseudokineococcus. 28879845 7 40 theme meso-diaminopimelic 733:751 arg1 acid 753:756 meso-diaminopimelic acid 733:756 meso-diaminopimelic acid 733:756 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28879845 7 40 theme meso-diaminopimelic 733:751 arg1 acid 693:696 The diagnostic diamino acid 670:696 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 670:727 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28879845 12 41 theme P. 1183:1184 arg1 23768T 1200:1205 P. lusitanus DSM 23768T 1183:1205 P. lusitanus DSM 23768T 1183:1205 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T were 37.5-38.1 % or 45.4-46.4 %, respectively. 28879845 2 42 theme volcanic 177:184 arg1 rock 186:189 volcanic rock 177:189 volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea 177:247 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 28879845 5 43 theme Pseudokineococcus 517:533 arg1 members 496:502 members 496:502 members of the genus Pseudokineococcus 496:533 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was related to members of the genus Pseudokineococcus. 28879845 12 44 dep P. 1183:1184 arg1 lusitanus 1186:1194 lusitanus 1186:1194 lusitanus 1186:1194 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T were 37.5-38.1 % or 45.4-46.4 %, respectively. 28879845 6 45 theme P. 565:566 arg1 42250T 581:586 P. marinus KCCM 42250T 565:586 P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 565:630 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 13 46 theme DNA-DNA 1327:1333 arg1 data 1347:1350 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1327:1350 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1327:1350 On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Pseudokineococcus, for which the name Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. 28879845 7 47 from acid 693:696 arg1 peptidoglycan 715:727 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 701:727 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 701:727 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28879845 12 48 theme strain 1164:1169 arg1 SKC1-2T 1171:1177 strain SKC1-2T 1164:1177 strain SKC1-2T 1164:1177 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T were 37.5-38.1 % or 45.4-46.4 %, respectively. 28879845 2 49 theme Gram-strain-positive 81:100 arg1 strain 131:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain 73:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain 73:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 28879845 6 50 dep 42250T 581:586 arg1 similarity 620:629 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 597:629 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 597:629 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 6 50 dep 42250T 581:586 arg1 % 594:594 98.2 % 589:594 98.2 % 589:594 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 10 51 theme phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 arg1 amounts 943:949 major amounts 937:949 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 937:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 51 theme phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 51 theme phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 51 theme phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 arg1 phospholipids 1039:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 51 theme phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 51 theme phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 2 52 attach isolated 163:170 arg1 rock 186:189 volcanic rock 177:189 volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea 177:247 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 28879845 2 52 attach isolated 163:170 arg2 strain 131:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain 73:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain 73:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 28879845 2 53 theme novel 75:79 arg1 strain 131:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain 73:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain 73:136 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 28879845 2 54 theme cone 205:208 arg1 rock 186:189 volcanic rock 177:189 volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea 177:247 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 28879845 10 55 theme major 937:941 arg1 amounts 943:949 major amounts 937:949 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 937:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 55 theme major 937:941 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 55 theme major 937:941 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 55 theme major 937:941 arg1 phospholipids 1039:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 55 theme major 937:941 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 55 theme major 937:941 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 4 56 theme cells 337:341 arg1 Colonies 325:332 Colonies 325:332 Colonies of cells 325:341 Colonies of cells were dark orange-coloured, circular, smooth and convex. 28879845 13 57 theme Pseudokineococcus 1403:1419 arg1 species 1382:1388 a new species 1376:1388 a new species 1376:1388 On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Pseudokineococcus, for which the name Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. 28879845 5 58 theme 16S 430:432 arg1 sequences 444:452 16S rRNA gene sequences 430:452 16S rRNA gene sequences 430:452 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was related to members of the genus Pseudokineococcus. 28879845 2 59 theme scoria 198:203 arg1 cone 205:208 the scoria cone 194:208 the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea 194:247 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 28879845 12 60 theme KCCM 1221:1224 arg1 42250T 1226:1231 P. marinus KCCM 42250T 1210:1231 P. marinus KCCM 42250T 1210:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T were 37.5-38.1 % or 45.4-46.4 %, respectively. 28879845 5 61 theme rRNA 434:437 arg1 sequences 444:452 16S rRNA gene sequences 430:452 16S rRNA gene sequences 430:452 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was related to members of the genus Pseudokineococcus. 28879845 7 62 theme cell-wall 705:713 arg1 peptidoglycan 715:727 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 701:727 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 701:727 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28879845 10 63 theme phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 arg1 amounts 943:949 major amounts 937:949 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 937:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 63 theme phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1074:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 two unidentified phosphoglycolipids 1057:1091 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 63 theme phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 diphosphatidylglycerol 954:975 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 63 theme phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 arg1 phospholipids 1039:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 two unidentified phospholipids 1022:1051 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 63 theme phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 10 63 theme phosphatidylglycerol 978:997 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 phosphatidylinositol 1000:1019 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 12 64 theme DSM 1196:1198 arg1 23768T 1200:1205 P. lusitanus DSM 23768T 1183:1205 P. lusitanus DSM 23768T 1183:1205 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T were 37.5-38.1 % or 45.4-46.4 %, respectively. 28879845 6 65 theme sequence 611:618 arg1 similarity 620:629 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 597:629 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 597:629 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 6 65 theme sequence 611:618 arg1 % 594:594 98.2 % 589:594 98.2 % 589:594 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 13 66 theme phenotypic 1300:1309 arg1 differences 1311:1321 the phenotypic differences 1296:1321 the phenotypic differences 1296:1321 On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Pseudokineococcus, for which the name Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. 28879845 6 67 theme Phylogenetic 536:547 arg1 neighbours 549:558 Phylogenetic neighbours 536:558 Phylogenetic neighbours 536:558 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 2 68 dep Gram-strain-positive 81:100 arg1 non-spore-forming 103:119 non-spore-forming 103:119 non-spore-forming 103:119 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 28879845 2 69 theme Republic 231:238 arg1 cone 205:208 the scoria cone 194:208 the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea 194:247 A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 28879845 10 70 theme lipid 914:918 arg1 profile 920:926 The polar lipid profile 904:926 The polar lipid profile 904:926 The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. 28879845 13 71 theme new 1378:1380 arg1 species 1382:1388 a new species 1376:1388 a new species 1376:1388 On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Pseudokineococcus, for which the name Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. 28879845 6 72 theme gene 606:609 arg1 similarity 620:629 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 597:629 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 597:629 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28879845 6 72 theme gene 606:609 arg1 % 594:594 98.2 % 589:594 98.2 % 589:594 Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). 28875902 11 0 theme morphological 1209:1221 arg1 characteristics 1270:1284 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1205:1284 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study 1205:1308 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 6 1 theme diagnostic 381:390 arg1 acid 400:403 The diagnostic diamino acid 377:403 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 377:434 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 28875902 6 1 theme diagnostic 381:390 arg1 LL-2 440:443 LL-2 440:443 LL-2 440:443 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 28875902 9 2 theme gene 780:783 arg1 sequences 785:793 16S rRNA gene sequences 771:793 16S rRNA gene sequences 771:793 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 8 3 theme polar 628:632 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 8 3 theme polar 628:632 arg1 lipids 634:639 the major polar lipids 618:639 the major polar lipids 618:639 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 9 4 theme strain 807:812 arg1 djl-8T 814:819 strain djl-8T 807:819 strain djl-8T 807:819 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 4 theme strain 807:812 arg1 member 826:831 a member 824:831 a member of the genus Nocardioides 824:857 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 3 5 theme strain 200:205 arg1 djl-8T 207:212 strain djl-8T 200:212 strain djl-8T 200:212 Cells of strain djl-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. 28875902 11 6 theme novel 1338:1342 arg1 species 1344:1350 a novel species 1336:1350 a novel species 1336:1350 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 8 7 theme major 622:626 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 8 7 theme major 622:626 arg1 lipids 634:639 the major polar lipids 618:639 the major polar lipids 618:639 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 11 8 theme chemotaxonomic 1255:1268 arg1 characteristics 1270:1284 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1205:1284 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study 1205:1308 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 9 9 theme maradonensis 1053:1064 arg1 RP-B30T 1066:1072 Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T 1040:1072 Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %) 1040:1081 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 9 theme maradonensis 1053:1064 arg1 % 1080:1080 96.6 % 1075:1080 96.6 % 1075:1080 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 11 10 theme name 1393:1396 arg1 sp 1420:1421 the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp 1389:1421 the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp 1389:1421 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 1 11 theme farmland 46:53 arg1 soil 55:58 farmland soil 46:58 farmland soil 46:58 nov., isolated from farmland soil. 28875902 5 12 theme 69.3 mol 366:373 arg1 content 354:360 The DNA G+C content 342:360 The DNA G+C content 342:360 The DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. 28875902 5 12 theme 69.3 mol 366:373 arg1 % 374:374 69.3 mol% 366:374 69.3 mol% 366:374 The DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. 28875902 7 13 dep C17  552:555 arg1  1ω8c 569:573  1ω8c 569:573 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c 546:573 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 13 dep C17  552:555 arg1 C17  564:567 C17  564:567 C17  564:567 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 13 dep C17  552:555 arg1  0 557:558  0 557:558  0 557:558 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 13 14 theme type 1446:1449 arg1 djl-8T 1461:1466 djl-8T 1461:1466 djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T) 1461:1499 The type strain is djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T). 28875902 13 14 theme type 1446:1449 arg1 strain 1451:1456 The type strain 1442:1456 The type strain 1442:1456 The type strain is djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T). 28875902 10 15 theme Nocardioides 1137:1148 arg1 SYP-A7303T 1164:1173 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T 1137:1173 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (26.9±2.1 %) 1137:1186 Strain djl-8T exhibited low DNA-DNA relatedness with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (26.9±2.1 %). 28875902 10 15 theme Nocardioides 1137:1148 arg1 % 1185:1185 26.9±2.1 % 1176:1185 26.9±2.1 % 1176:1185 Strain djl-8T exhibited low DNA-DNA relatedness with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (26.9±2.1 %). 28875902 11 16 dep characteristics 1270:1284 arg1 basis 1196:1200 basis 1196:1200 basis 1196:1200 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 11 16 dep characteristics 1270:1284 arg1 the 1192:1194 the 1192:1194 the 1192:1194 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 6 17 theme 6-diaminopimelic 446:461 arg1 acid 463:466 6-diaminopimelic acid 446:466 6-diaminopimelic acid 446:466 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 28875902 6 17 theme 6-diaminopimelic 446:461 arg1 LL-2 440:443 LL-2 440:443 LL-2 440:443 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 28875902 2 18 theme farmland 137:144 arg1 soil 146:149 farmland soil 137:149 farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China 137:188 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 13 19 theme 39844T=CCTCC 1475:1486 arg1 2017058T 1491:1498 =KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T 1469:1498 =KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T 1469:1498 The type strain is djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T). 28875902 13 19 theme 39844T=CCTCC 1475:1486 arg1 djl-8T 1461:1466 djl-8T 1461:1466 djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T) 1461:1499 The type strain is djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T). 28875902 11 20 theme Nocardioides 1365:1376 arg1 species 1344:1350 a novel species 1336:1350 a novel species 1336:1350 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 9 21 theme Nocardioides 1040:1051 arg1 RP-B30T 1066:1072 Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T 1040:1072 Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %) 1040:1081 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 21 theme Nocardioides 1040:1051 arg1 % 1080:1080 96.6 % 1075:1080 96.6 % 1075:1080 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 11 22 theme biochemical 1239:1249 arg1 characteristics 1270:1284 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1205:1284 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study 1205:1308 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 3 23 theme djl-8T 207:212 arg1 Cells 191:195 Cells 191:195 Cells of strain djl-8T 191:212 Cells of strain djl-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. 28875902 4 24 theme % 328:328 arg1 w/v 336:338 w/v 336:338 w/v 336:338 The organism grew at 25-37 °C, pH 5.5-8.0 and 0.5-4.0 % NaCl (w/v). 28875902 4 24 theme % 328:328 arg1  NaCl 329:333 0.5-4.0 % NaCl 320:333 0.5-4.0 % NaCl (w/v) 320:339 The organism grew at 25-37 °C, pH 5.5-8.0 and 0.5-4.0 % NaCl (w/v). 28875902 10 25 theme DNA-DNA 1112:1118 arg1 relatedness 1120:1130 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1108:1130 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1108:1130 Strain djl-8T exhibited low DNA-DNA relatedness with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (26.9±2.1 %). 28875902 0 26 theme Nocardioides 0:11 arg1 agrisoli 13:20 Nocardioides agrisoli 0:20 Nocardioides agrisoli 0:20 Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 9 27 dep shared 863:868 arg1 % 942:942 97.1 % 937:942 97.1 % 937:942 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 11 28 theme Nocardioides 1398:1409 arg1 sp 1420:1421 the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp 1389:1421 the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp 1389:1421 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 10 29 theme low 1108:1110 arg1 relatedness 1120:1130 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1108:1130 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1108:1130 Strain djl-8T exhibited low DNA-DNA relatedness with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (26.9±2.1 %). 28875902 9 30 theme Nocardioides 958:969 arg1 mbc-2T 976:981 Nocardioides soli mbc-2T 958:981 Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %) 958:990 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 30 theme Nocardioides 958:969 arg1 % 989:989 96.9 % 984:989 96.9 % 984:989 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 31 theme genus 840:844 arg1 Nocardioides 846:857 the genus Nocardioides 836:857 the genus Nocardioides 836:857 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 13 32 theme AB 1488:1489 arg1 2017058T 1491:1498 =KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T 1469:1498 =KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T 1469:1498 The type strain is djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T). 28875902 13 32 theme AB 1488:1489 arg1 djl-8T 1461:1466 djl-8T 1461:1466 djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T) 1461:1499 The type strain is djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T). 28875902 11 33 theme agrisoli 1411:1418 arg1 sp 1420:1421 the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp 1389:1421 the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp 1389:1421 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 9 34 theme soli 971:974 arg1 mbc-2T 976:981 Nocardioides soli mbc-2T 958:981 Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %) 958:990 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 34 theme soli 971:974 arg1 % 989:989 96.9 % 984:989 96.9 % 984:989 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 35 theme Nocardioides 846:857 arg1 djl-8T 814:819 strain djl-8T 807:819 strain djl-8T 807:819 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 35 theme Nocardioides 846:857 arg1 member 826:831 a member 824:831 a member of the genus Nocardioides 824:857 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 8 36 theme respiratory 580:590 arg1 H4 610:611 H4 610:611 H4 610:611 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 8 36 theme respiratory 580:590 arg1 MK-8 604:607 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 576:607 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) 576:612 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 8 36 theme respiratory 580:590 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 9 37 theme Phylogenetic 740:751 arg1 analysis 753:760 Phylogenetic analysis 740:760 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 740:793 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 8 38 theme was 600:602 arg1 H4 610:611 H4 610:611 H4 610:611 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 8 38 theme was 600:602 arg1 MK-8 604:607 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 576:607 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) 576:612 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 8 38 theme was 600:602 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 7 39 theme fatty 479:483 arg1 % 495:495 >5 % 492:495 >5 % 492:495 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 39 theme fatty 479:483 arg1 iso-C16  503:510 iso-C16  503:510 iso-C16  503:510 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 39 theme fatty 479:483 arg1  0 512:513  0 512:513  0 512:513 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 39 theme fatty 479:483 arg1 acids 485:489 The major fatty acids 469:489 The major fatty acids (>5 %) 469:496 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 11 40 theme strain 1311:1316 arg1 djl-8T 1318:1323 strain djl-8T 1311:1323 strain djl-8T 1311:1323 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 6 41 from acid 400:403 arg1 peptidoglycan 422:434 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 408:434 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 408:434 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 28875902 6 42 theme cell-wall 412:420 arg1 peptidoglycan 422:434 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 408:434 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 408:434 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 28875902 2 43 theme Nanjing 154:160 arg1 Jiangsu 163:169 Jiangsu 163:169 Jiangsu 163:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 2 43 theme Nanjing 154:160 arg1 province 171:178 Nanjing, Jiangsu province 154:178 province 171:178 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 2 43 theme Nanjing 154:160 arg1 China 184:188 PR China 181:188 PR China 181:188 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 2 44 from soil 146:149 arg1 Jiangsu 163:169 Jiangsu 163:169 Jiangsu 163:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 2 44 from soil 146:149 arg1 province 171:178 Nanjing, Jiangsu province 154:178 province 171:178 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 2 44 from soil 146:149 arg1 China 184:188 PR China 181:188 PR China 181:188 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 8 45 theme quinone 592:598 arg1 H4 610:611 H4 610:611 H4 610:611 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 8 45 theme quinone 592:598 arg1 MK-8 604:607 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 576:607 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) 576:612 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 8 45 theme quinone 592:598 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 phosphatidylglycerol 646:665 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 8 46 theme unknown 717:723 arg1 phospholipids 725:737 unknown phospholipids 717:737 unknown phospholipids 717:737 The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. 28875902 13 47 theme =KCTC 1469:1473 arg1 2017058T 1491:1498 =KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T 1469:1498 =KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T 1469:1498 The type strain is djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T). 28875902 13 47 theme =KCTC 1469:1473 arg1 djl-8T 1461:1466 djl-8T 1461:1466 djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T) 1461:1499 The type strain is djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T). 28875902 9 48 theme highest 874:880 arg1 similarity 882:891 the highest similarity 870:891 the highest similarity 870:891 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 2 49 theme Gram-stain-positive 69:87 arg1 bacterium 89:97 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium 61:97 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium 61:97 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 9 50 theme 16S 771:773 arg1 sequences 785:793 16S rRNA gene sequences 771:793 16S rRNA gene sequences 771:793 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 7 51 theme major 473:477 arg1 % 495:495 >5 % 492:495 >5 % 492:495 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 51 theme major 473:477 arg1 iso-C16  503:510 iso-C16  503:510 iso-C16  503:510 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 51 theme major 473:477 arg1  0 512:513  0 512:513  0 512:513 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 51 theme major 473:477 arg1 acids 485:489 The major fatty acids 469:489 The major fatty acids (>5 %) 469:496 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 4 52 theme 0.5-4.0  320:327 arg1 w/v 336:338 w/v 336:338 w/v 336:338 The organism grew at 25-37 °C, pH 5.5-8.0 and 0.5-4.0 % NaCl (w/v). 28875902 4 52 theme 0.5-4.0  320:327 arg1  NaCl 329:333 0.5-4.0 % NaCl 320:333 0.5-4.0 % NaCl (w/v) 320:339 The organism grew at 25-37 °C, pH 5.5-8.0 and 0.5-4.0 % NaCl (w/v). 28875902 7 53 dep iso-C16  503:510 arg1 C17  552:555 10-Me C17  546:555 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c 546:573 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 53 dep iso-C16  503:510 arg1 iso-C16  503:510 iso-C16  503:510 iso-C16  503:510 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 53 dep iso-C16  503:510 arg1 acids 485:489 The major fatty acids 469:489 The major fatty acids (>5 %) 469:496 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 53 dep iso-C16  503:510 arg1  0 512:513  0 512:513  0 512:513 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 2 54 theme novel 63:67 arg1 bacterium 89:97 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium 61:97 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium 61:97 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 9 55 theme rRNA 775:778 arg1 sequences 785:793 16S rRNA gene sequences 771:793 16S rRNA gene sequences 771:793 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 2 56 theme PR 181:182 arg1 province 171:178 Nanjing, Jiangsu province 154:178 province 171:178 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 2 56 theme PR 181:182 arg1 China 184:188 PR China 181:188 PR China 181:188 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 2 57 attach isolated 123:130 arg2 bacterium 89:97 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium 61:97 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium 61:97 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 2 57 attach isolated 123:130 arg1 soil 146:149 farmland soil 137:149 farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China 137:188 A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. 28875902 6 58 theme diamino 392:398 arg1 acid 400:403 The diagnostic diamino acid 377:403 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 377:434 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 28875902 6 58 theme diamino 392:398 arg1 LL-2 440:443 LL-2 440:443 LL-2 440:443 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. 28875902 0 59 dep sp 22:23 arg1 agrisoli 13:20 Nocardioides agrisoli 0:20 Nocardioides agrisoli 0:20 Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 9 60 theme Nocardioide 993:1003 arg1 OS4T 1022:1025 Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T 993:1025 Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) 993:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 60 theme Nocardioide 993:1003 arg1 % 1033:1033 96.6 % 1028:1033 96.6 % 1028:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 7 61 dep  0 512:513 arg1  0 529:530  0 529:530  0 529:530 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 61 dep  0 512:513 arg1  0 542:543  0 542:543  0 542:543 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 9 62 theme Nocardioides 898:909 arg1 SYP-A7303T 925:934 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T 898:934 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T 898:934 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 11 63 theme physiological 1224:1236 arg1 characteristics 1270:1284 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1205:1284 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study 1205:1308 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 7 64 theme 10-Me 546:550 arg1 C17  552:555 10-Me C17  546:555 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c 546:573 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 7 64 theme 10-Me 546:550 arg1  0 512:513  0 512:513  0 512:513 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 28875902 11 65 theme genus 1359:1363 arg1 Nocardioides 1365:1376 the genus Nocardioides 1355:1376 the genus Nocardioides 1355:1376 On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. 28875902 9 66 theme spyridinolyticus 1005:1020 arg1 OS4T 1022:1025 Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T 993:1025 Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) 993:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 66 theme spyridinolyticus 1005:1020 arg1 % 1033:1033 96.6 % 1028:1033 96.6 % 1028:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 9 67 theme ginkgobilobae 911:923 arg1 SYP-A7303T 925:934 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T 898:934 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T 898:934 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). 28875902 10 68 dep Nocardioides 1137:1148 arg1 ginkgobilobae 1150:1162 ginkgobilobae 1150:1162 ginkgobilobae 1150:1162 Strain djl-8T exhibited low DNA-DNA relatedness with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (26.9±2.1 %). 28875902 5 69 theme G+C 350:352 arg1 content 354:360 The DNA G+C content 342:360 The DNA G+C content 342:360 The DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. 28875902 5 69 theme G+C 350:352 arg1 % 374:374 69.3 mol% 366:374 69.3 mol% 366:374 The DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. 28875902 5 70 theme DNA 346:348 arg1 content 354:360 The DNA G+C content 342:360 The DNA G+C content 342:360 The DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. 28875902 5 70 theme DNA 346:348 arg1 % 374:374 69.3 mol% 366:374 69.3 mol% 366:374 The DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. 27654623 15 0 dep Dastager 1781:1788 arg1 2008 1797:1800 2008 1797:1800 2008 1797:1800 Moreover, the transfer of F. mesophilum Dastager et al. 2008 to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 15 0 dep Dastager 1781:1788 arg1 al. 1793:1795 F. mesophilum Dastager et al. 1767:1795 F. mesophilum Dastager et al. 2008 1767:1800 Moreover, the transfer of F. mesophilum Dastager et al. 2008 to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 5 1 dep related 556:562 arg1 % 700:700 96.2 % 695:700 96.2 % 695:700 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain LAM9155T belonged to the genus Frigoribacterium and was closely related to Frigoribacteriumendophyticum EGI 6500707T (99.4 %), Frigoribacteriumfaeni 801T (98.6 %) and Frigoribacteriummesophilum MSL-08T (96.2 %). 27654623 12 2 theme strain 1472:1477 arg1 LAM9155T 1479:1486 strain LAM9155T 1472:1486 strain LAM9155T 1472:1486 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 8 3 theme B-type 1011:1016 arg1 peptidoglycan 1018:1030 the B-type peptidoglycan 1007:1030 the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose 1007:1153 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 9 4 theme mol 1212:1214 arg1 % 1215:1215 68.2 mol% 1207:1215 68.2 mol% 1207:1215 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 9 4 theme mol 1212:1214 arg1 content 1176:1182 The genomic DNA G+C content 1156:1182 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T 1156:1201 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 9 5 theme strain 1187:1192 arg1 LAM9155T 1194:1201 strain LAM9155T 1187:1201 strain LAM9155T 1187:1201 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 12 6 theme chemotaxonomic 1445:1458 arg1 properties 1460:1469 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1416:1469 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1416:1469 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 12 7 theme Frigoribacterium 1636:1651 arg1 sp 1664:1665 the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp 1627:1665 the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp 1627:1665 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 15 8 dep Parafrigoribacterium 1839:1858 arg1 mesophilum 1860:1869 mesophilum 1860:1869 mesophilum 1860:1869 Moreover, the transfer of F. mesophilum Dastager et al. 2008 to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 3 9 theme Gram-stain-positive 187:205 arg1 bacterium 227:235 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium 185:235 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium 185:235 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain LAM9155T, was isolated from saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China. 27654623 1 10 theme saline 52:57 arg1 soil 59:62 saline soil 52:62 saline soil 52:62 nov., isolated from saline soil, transfer of Frigoribacterium mesophilum to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 12 11 theme name 1631:1634 arg1 sp 1664:1665 the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp 1627:1665 the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp 1627:1665 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 6 12 theme JCM 781:783 arg1 30093T 785:790 F. endophyticum JCM 30093T 765:790 F. endophyticum JCM 30093T 765:790 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T were 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 %, respectively. 27654623 16 13 theme 19442T=KCTC 1907:1917 arg1 nov 1877:1879 nov 1877:1879 nov 1877:1879 nov. (type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T) is also proposed. 27654623 16 13 theme 19442T=KCTC 1907:1917 arg1 19311T 1919:1924 type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T 1883:1924 type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T 1883:1924 nov. (type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T) is also proposed. 27654623 5 14 theme gene 448:451 arg1 analysis 462:469 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 435:469 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 435:469 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain LAM9155T belonged to the genus Frigoribacterium and was closely related to Frigoribacteriumendophyticum EGI 6500707T (99.4 %), Frigoribacteriumfaeni 801T (98.6 %) and Frigoribacteriummesophilum MSL-08T (96.2 %). 27654623 1 15 attach isolated 38:45 arg2 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., isolated from saline soil, transfer of Frigoribacterium mesophilum to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 1 15 attach isolated 38:45 arg1 soil 59:62 saline soil 52:62 saline soil 52:62 nov., isolated from saline soil, transfer of Frigoribacterium mesophilum to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 8 16 theme cell 1103:1106 arg1 wall 1108:1111 the cell wall 1099:1111 the cell wall 1099:1111 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 16 17 theme strain 1888:1893 arg1 nov 1877:1879 nov 1877:1879 nov 1877:1879 nov. (type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T) is also proposed. 27654623 16 17 theme strain 1888:1893 arg1 19311T 1919:1924 type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T 1883:1924 type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T 1883:1924 nov. (type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T) is also proposed. 27654623 6 18 theme endophyticum 768:779 arg1 30093T 785:790 F. endophyticum JCM 30093T 765:790 F. endophyticum JCM 30093T 765:790 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T were 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 %, respectively. 27654623 5 19 theme sequence 453:460 arg1 analysis 462:469 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 435:469 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 435:469 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain LAM9155T belonged to the genus Frigoribacterium and was closely related to Frigoribacteriumendophyticum EGI 6500707T (99.4 %), Frigoribacteriumfaeni 801T (98.6 %) and Frigoribacteriummesophilum MSL-08T (96.2 %). 27654623 11 20 theme unknown 1333:1339 arg1 glycolipid 1341:1350 one unknown glycolipid 1329:1350 one unknown glycolipid 1329:1350 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids. 27654623 15 21 theme Parafrigoribacterium 1805:1824 arg1 nov. 1831:1834 Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. 1805:1834 Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. 1805:1834 Moreover, the transfer of F. mesophilum Dastager et al. 2008 to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 8 22 theme cell-wall 981:989 arg1 analysis 991:998 The cell-wall analysis 977:998 The cell-wall analysis 977:998 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 6 23 theme F. 765:766 arg1 30093T 785:790 F. endophyticum JCM 30093T 765:790 F. endophyticum JCM 30093T 765:790 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T were 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 %, respectively. 27654623 15 24 theme Parafrigoribacterium 1839:1858 arg1 comb 1871:1874 Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb 1839:1874 Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb 1839:1874 Moreover, the transfer of F. mesophilum Dastager et al. 2008 to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 6 25 dep LAM9155T 811:818 arg1 10309T 837:842 DSM 10309T 833:842 DSM 10309T 833:842 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T were 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 %, respectively. 27654623 3 26 theme strain 252:257 arg1 LAM9155T 259:266 strain LAM9155T 252:266 strain LAM9155T 252:266 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain LAM9155T, was isolated from saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China. 27654623 7 27 theme major 892:896 arg1 acids 904:908 The major fatty acids 888:908 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T 888:920 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27654623 7 27 theme major 892:896 arg1 anteiso-C15  927:938 anteiso-C15  927:938 anteiso-C15  927:938 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27654623 11 28 theme unknown 1361:1367 arg1 lipids 1369:1374 four unknown lipids 1356:1374 four unknown lipids 1356:1374 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids. 27654623 0 29 theme Frigoribacterium 0:15 arg1 salinisoli 17:26 Frigoribacterium salinisoli 0:26 Frigoribacterium salinisoli 0:26 Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 12 30 theme Frigoribacterium 1552:1567 arg1 species 1531:1537 the recognized species 1516:1537 the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium 1516:1567 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 9 31 theme LAM9155T 1194:1201 arg1 % 1215:1215 68.2 mol% 1207:1215 68.2 mol% 1207:1215 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 9 31 theme LAM9155T 1194:1201 arg1 content 1176:1182 The genomic DNA G+C content 1156:1182 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T 1156:1201 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 9 32 theme genomic 1160:1166 arg1 % 1215:1215 68.2 mol% 1207:1215 68.2 mol% 1207:1215 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 9 32 theme genomic 1160:1166 arg1 content 1176:1182 The genomic DNA G+C content 1156:1182 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T 1156:1201 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 15 33 theme Dastager 1781:1788 arg1 transfer 1755:1762 the transfer 1751:1762 the transfer of F. mesophilum Dastager et al. 2008 to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb 1751:1874 Moreover, the transfer of F. mesophilum Dastager et al. 2008 to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 12 34 theme genus 1546:1550 arg1 Frigoribacterium 1552:1567 the genus Frigoribacterium 1542:1567 the genus Frigoribacterium 1542:1567 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 3 35 theme saline 287:292 arg1 sample 299:304 saline soil sample 287:304 saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China 287:364 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain LAM9155T, was isolated from saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China. 27654623 6 36 theme hybridization 716:728 arg1 values 730:735 The DNA-DNA hybridization values 704:735 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T 704:842 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T were 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 %, respectively. 27654623 6 36 theme hybridization 716:728 arg1 % 871:871 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 % 849:871 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 % 849:871 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T were 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 %, respectively. 27654623 1 37 theme mesophilum 94:103 arg1 transfer 65:72 transfer 65:72 transfer of Frigoribacterium mesophilum to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb 65:177 nov., isolated from saline soil, transfer of Frigoribacterium mesophilum to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 7 38 dep anteiso-C15  927:938 arg1  0 940:941  0 940:941  0 940:941 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27654623 7 38 dep anteiso-C15  927:938 arg1  0 957:958  0 957:958  0 957:958 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27654623 7 38 dep anteiso-C15  927:938 arg1  0 973:974  0 973:974  0 973:974 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27654623 7 38 dep anteiso-C15  927:938 arg1 iso-C16  964:971 iso-C16  964:971 iso-C16  964:971 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27654623 14 39 theme type 1690:1693 arg1 strain 1695:1700 The type strain 1686:1700 The type strain 1686:1700 The type strain is LAM9155T (=ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T). 27654623 14 39 theme type 1690:1693 arg1 LAM9155T 1705:1712 LAM9155T 1705:1712 LAM9155T (=ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T) 1705:1738 The type strain is LAM9155T (=ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T). 27654623 3 40 theme soil 294:297 arg1 sample 299:304 saline soil sample 287:304 saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China 287:364 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain LAM9155T, was isolated from saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China. 27654623 5 41 theme 16S 439:441 arg1 rRNA 443:446 The 16S rRNA 435:446 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 435:469 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain LAM9155T belonged to the genus Frigoribacterium and was closely related to Frigoribacteriumendophyticum EGI 6500707T (99.4 %), Frigoribacteriumfaeni 801T (98.6 %) and Frigoribacteriummesophilum MSL-08T (96.2 %). 27654623 8 42 contain containing 1032:1041 arg2 alanine 1043:1049 alanine 1043:1049 alanine 1043:1049 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 42 contain containing 1032:1041 arg2 serine 1072:1077 serine 1072:1077 serine 1072:1077 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 42 contain containing 1032:1041 arg2 glutamate 1052:1060 glutamate 1052:1060 glutamate 1052:1060 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 42 contain containing 1032:1041 arg2 lysine 1083:1088 lysine 1083:1088 lysine 1083:1088 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 42 contain containing 1032:1041 arg1 peptidoglycan 1018:1030 the B-type peptidoglycan 1007:1030 the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose 1007:1153 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 42 contain containing 1032:1041 arg2 glycine 1063:1069 glycine 1063:1069 glycine 1063:1069 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 43 dep alanine 1043:1049 arg1 contained 1113:1121 contained 1113:1121 contained the sugars galactose and ribose 1113:1153 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 1 44 dep transfer 65:72 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., isolated from saline soil, transfer of Frigoribacterium mesophilum to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 6 45 theme DSM 833:835 arg1 10309T 837:842 DSM 10309T 833:842 DSM 10309T 833:842 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T were 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 %, respectively. 27654623 14 46 theme 19902T=JCM 1721:1730 arg1 30848T 1732:1737 =ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T 1715:1737 =ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T 1715:1737 The type strain is LAM9155T (=ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T). 27654623 14 46 theme 19902T=JCM 1721:1730 arg1 LAM9155T 1705:1712 LAM9155T 1705:1712 LAM9155T (=ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T) 1705:1738 The type strain is LAM9155T (=ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T). 27654623 5 47 theme rRNA 443:446 arg1 analysis 462:469 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 435:469 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 435:469 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain LAM9155T belonged to the genus Frigoribacterium and was closely related to Frigoribacteriumendophyticum EGI 6500707T (99.4 %), Frigoribacteriumfaeni 801T (98.6 %) and Frigoribacteriummesophilum MSL-08T (96.2 %). 27654623 15 48 theme gen. 1826:1829 arg1 nov. 1831:1834 Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. 1805:1834 Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. 1805:1834 Moreover, the transfer of F. mesophilum Dastager et al. 2008 to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 12 49 theme DNA-DNA 1390:1396 arg1 hybridization 1398:1410 the DNA-DNA hybridization 1386:1410 the DNA-DNA hybridization 1386:1410 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 9 50 theme DNA 1168:1170 arg1 % 1215:1215 68.2 mol% 1207:1215 68.2 mol% 1207:1215 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 9 50 theme DNA 1168:1170 arg1 content 1176:1182 The genomic DNA G+C content 1156:1182 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T 1156:1201 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 12 51 theme novel 1602:1606 arg1 species 1608:1614 a novel species 1600:1614 a novel species 1600:1614 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 11 52 theme main 1260:1263 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1283:1304 diphosphatidylglycerol 1283:1304 diphosphatidylglycerol 1283:1304 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids. 27654623 11 52 theme main 1260:1263 arg1 lipids 1271:1276 The main polar lipids 1256:1276 The main polar lipids 1256:1276 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids. 27654623 12 53 theme recognized 1520:1529 arg1 species 1531:1537 the recognized species 1516:1537 the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium 1516:1567 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 8 54 dep sugars 1127:1132 arg1 sugars 1127:1132 the sugars galactose and ribose 1123:1153 the sugars galactose and ribose 1123:1153 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 54 dep sugars 1127:1132 arg1 ribose 1148:1153 ribose 1148:1153 ribose 1148:1153 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 54 dep sugars 1127:1132 arg1 galactose 1134:1142 galactose 1134:1142 galactose 1134:1142 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 9 55 theme G+C 1172:1174 arg1 % 1215:1215 68.2 mol% 1207:1215 68.2 mol% 1207:1215 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 9 55 theme G+C 1172:1174 arg1 content 1176:1182 The genomic DNA G+C content 1156:1182 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T 1156:1201 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM9155T was 68.2 mol%. 27654623 6 56 theme strain 745:750 arg1 LAM9155T 752:759 strain LAM9155T 745:759 strain LAM9155T 745:759 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T were 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 %, respectively. 27654623 1 57 theme Parafrigoribacterium 108:127 arg1 nov. 134:137 Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. 108:137 Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. 108:137 nov., isolated from saline soil, transfer of Frigoribacterium mesophilum to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 11 58 theme polar 1265:1269 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1283:1304 diphosphatidylglycerol 1283:1304 diphosphatidylglycerol 1283:1304 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids. 27654623 11 58 theme polar 1265:1269 arg1 lipids 1271:1276 The main polar lipids 1256:1276 The main polar lipids 1256:1276 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids. 27654623 14 59 theme =ACCC 1715:1719 arg1 30848T 1732:1737 =ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T 1715:1737 =ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T 1715:1737 The type strain is LAM9155T (=ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T). 27654623 14 59 theme =ACCC 1715:1719 arg1 LAM9155T 1705:1712 LAM9155T 1705:1712 LAM9155T (=ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T) 1705:1738 The type strain is LAM9155T (=ACCC 19902T=JCM 30848T). 27654623 7 60 theme fatty 898:902 arg1 acids 904:908 The major fatty acids 888:908 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T 888:920 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27654623 7 60 theme fatty 898:902 arg1 anteiso-C15  927:938 anteiso-C15  927:938 anteiso-C15  927:938 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27654623 5 61 theme genus 517:521 arg1 Frigoribacterium 523:538 the genus Frigoribacterium 513:538 the genus Frigoribacterium 513:538 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain LAM9155T belonged to the genus Frigoribacterium and was closely related to Frigoribacteriumendophyticum EGI 6500707T (99.4 %), Frigoribacteriumfaeni 801T (98.6 %) and Frigoribacteriummesophilum MSL-08T (96.2 %). 27654623 1 62 theme gen. 129:132 arg1 nov. 134:137 Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. 108:137 Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. 108:137 nov., isolated from saline soil, transfer of Frigoribacterium mesophilum to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 5 63 dep EGI 596:598 arg1 MSL-08T 686:692 MSL-08T 686:692 MSL-08T 686:692 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain LAM9155T belonged to the genus Frigoribacterium and was closely related to Frigoribacteriumendophyticum EGI 6500707T (99.4 %), Frigoribacteriumfaeni 801T (98.6 %) and Frigoribacteriummesophilum MSL-08T (96.2 %). 27654623 3 64 attach isolated 273:280 arg2 bacterium 227:235 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium 185:235 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium 185:235 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain LAM9155T, was isolated from saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China. 27654623 3 64 attach isolated 273:280 arg1 sample 299:304 saline soil sample 287:304 saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China 287:364 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain LAM9155T, was isolated from saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China. 27654623 7 65 theme LAM9155T 913:920 arg1 acids 904:908 The major fatty acids 888:908 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T 888:920 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27654623 7 65 theme LAM9155T 913:920 arg1 anteiso-C15  927:938 anteiso-C15  927:938 anteiso-C15  927:938 The major fatty acids of LAM9155T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27654623 16 66 theme type 1883:1886 arg1 nov 1877:1879 nov 1877:1879 nov 1877:1879 nov. (type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T) is also proposed. 27654623 16 66 theme type 1883:1886 arg1 19311T 1919:1924 type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T 1883:1924 type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T 1883:1924 nov. (type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T) is also proposed. 27654623 6 67 theme DNA-DNA 708:714 arg1 hybridization 716:728 DNA-DNA hybridization 708:728 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T 704:842 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM9155T and F. endophyticum JCM 30093T and between strain LAM9155T and F. faeni DSM 10309T were 40.2±2.1 and 32.8±1.6 %, respectively. 27654623 12 68 theme salinisoli 1653:1662 arg1 sp 1664:1665 the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp 1627:1665 the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp 1627:1665 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 4 69 dep % 421:421 arg1 w/v 424:426 w/v 424:426 w/v 424:426 The strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, pH 7.0 and 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 27654623 4 70 theme % 421:421 arg1 NaCl 429:432 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 417:432 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 417:432 The strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, pH 7.0 and 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 27654623 0 71 dep sp 28:29 arg1 salinisoli 17:26 Frigoribacterium salinisoli 0:26 Frigoribacterium salinisoli 0:26 Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 10 72 theme predominant 1222:1232 arg1 MK-9 1250:1253 MK-9 1250:1253 MK-9 1250:1253 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. 27654623 10 72 theme predominant 1222:1232 arg1 menaquinone 1234:1244 The predominant menaquinone 1218:1244 The predominant menaquinone 1218:1244 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. 27654623 12 73 theme phylogenetic 1428:1439 arg1 properties 1460:1469 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1416:1469 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1416:1469 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27654623 4 74 theme 0.5  417:420 arg1 % 421:421 % 421:421 % 421:421 The strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, pH 7.0 and 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 27654623 16 75 theme MSL-08T=DSM 1895:1905 arg1 nov 1877:1879 nov 1877:1879 nov 1877:1879 nov. (type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T) is also proposed. 27654623 16 75 theme MSL-08T=DSM 1895:1905 arg1 19311T 1919:1924 type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T 1883:1924 type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T 1883:1924 nov. (type strain MSL-08T=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T) is also proposed. 27654623 5 76 theme strain 485:490 arg1 LAM9155T 492:499 strain LAM9155T 485:499 strain LAM9155T 485:499 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain LAM9155T belonged to the genus Frigoribacterium and was closely related to Frigoribacteriumendophyticum EGI 6500707T (99.4 %), Frigoribacteriumfaeni 801T (98.6 %) and Frigoribacteriummesophilum MSL-08T (96.2 %). 27654623 1 77 theme Parafrigoribacterium 142:161 arg1 comb 174:177 Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb 142:177 Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb 142:177 nov., isolated from saline soil, transfer of Frigoribacterium mesophilum to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 3 78 dep Gram-stain-positive 187:205 arg1 short-rod 208:216 short-rod 208:216 short-rod 208:216 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain LAM9155T, was isolated from saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China. 27654623 3 78 dep Gram-stain-positive 187:205 arg1 aerobic 219:225 aerobic 219:225 aerobic 219:225 A Gram-stain-positive, short-rod, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain LAM9155T, was isolated from saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, PR China. 27654623 8 79 contain contained 1113:1121 arg1 wall 1108:1111 the cell wall 1099:1111 the cell wall 1099:1111 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 79 contain contained 1113:1121 arg2 ribose 1148:1153 ribose 1148:1153 ribose 1148:1153 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 79 contain contained 1113:1121 arg2 sugars 1127:1132 the sugars galactose and ribose 1123:1153 the sugars galactose and ribose 1123:1153 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 8 79 contain contained 1113:1121 arg2 galactose 1134:1142 galactose 1134:1142 galactose 1134:1142 The cell-wall analysis showed the B-type peptidoglycan containing alanine, glutamate, glycine, serine and lysine and that the cell wall contained the sugars galactose and ribose. 27654623 1 80 theme mesophilum 163:172 arg1 comb 174:177 Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb 142:177 Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb 142:177 nov., isolated from saline soil, transfer of Frigoribacterium mesophilum to Parafrigoribacterium gen. nov. as Parafrigoribacterium mesophilum comb. 27654623 12 81 theme phenotypic 1416:1425 arg1 properties 1460:1469 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1416:1469 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1416:1469 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM9155T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium and was suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Frigoribacterium salinisoli sp. 27073877 13 0 theme name 1841:1844 arg1 sp 1874:1875 the name Streptosporangiumbecharense sp 1837:1875 the name Streptosporangiumbecharense sp 1837:1875 Therefore, it is proposed that strain SG1T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangiumbecharense sp. 27073877 2 1 theme novel 113:117 arg1 actinobacterium 119:133 a novel actinobacterium 111:133 a novel actinobacterium 111:133 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 2 1 theme novel 113:117 arg1 SG1T 143:146 strain SG1T 136:146 strain SG1T 136:146 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 13 2 theme strain 1730:1735 arg1 SG1T 1737:1740 strain SG1T 1730:1740 strain SG1T 1730:1740 Therefore, it is proposed that strain SG1T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangiumbecharense sp. 27073877 3 3 contain had 308:310 arg2 features 339:346 morphological and chemical features 312:346 morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium 312:422 The micro-organism had morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium. 27073877 3 3 contain had 308:310 arg1 micro-organism 293:306 The micro-organism 289:306 The micro-organism 289:306 The micro-organism had morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium. 27073877 7 4 contain contained 640:648 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 650:671 diphosphatidylglycerol 650:671 diphosphatidylglycerol 650:671 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 7 4 contain contained 640:648 arg2 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 674:703 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 674:703 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 674:703 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 7 4 contain contained 640:648 arg2 phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine 771:801 phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine 771:801 phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine 771:801 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 7 4 contain contained 640:648 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 706:729 phosphatidylethanolamine 706:729 phosphatidylethanolamine 706:729 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 7 4 contain contained 640:648 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 804:823 phosphatidylglycerol 804:823 phosphatidylglycerol 804:823 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 7 4 contain contained 640:648 arg2 phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine 732:768 phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine 732:768 phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine 732:768 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 7 4 contain contained 640:648 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 826:845 phosphatidylinositol 826:845 phosphatidylinositol 826:845 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 7 4 contain contained 640:648 arg2 mannosides 872:881 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 851:881 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 851:881 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 7 4 contain contained 640:648 arg1 profile 632:638 The polar lipid profile 616:638 The polar lipid profile 616:638 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 13 5 theme Streptosporangiumbecharense 1846:1872 arg1 sp 1874:1875 the name Streptosporangiumbecharense sp 1837:1875 the name Streptosporangiumbecharense sp 1837:1875 Therefore, it is proposed that strain SG1T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangiumbecharense sp. 27073877 7 6 theme polar 620:624 arg1 profile 632:638 The polar lipid profile 616:638 The polar lipid profile 616:638 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 9 7 theme fragile 1294:1300 arg1 43847T 1306:1311 Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T 1276:1311 Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) 1276:1320 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 7 theme fragile 1294:1300 arg1 % 1319:1319 98.6 % 1314:1319 98.6 % 1314:1319 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 8 8 theme fatty 909:913 arg1 acids 915:919 The predominant cellular fatty acids 884:919 The predominant cellular fatty acids 884:919 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 8 8 theme fatty 909:913 arg1 C17  926:929 C17  926:929 C17  926:929 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 6 9 theme predominant 563:573 arg1 MK-9 593:596 MK-9 593:596 MK-9 593:596 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H4). 27073877 6 9 theme predominant 563:573 arg1 menaquinones 575:586 The predominant menaquinones 559:586 The predominant menaquinones 559:586 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H4). 27073877 7 10 theme lipid 626:630 arg1 profile 632:638 The polar lipid profile 616:638 The polar lipid profile 616:638 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 10 11 theme 16S 1409:1411 arg1 sequences 1423:1431 16S rRNA gene sequences 1409:1431 16S rRNA gene sequences 1409:1431 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SG1T formed a cluster with its closest relative 'S. 27073877 9 12 theme Streptosporangium 1223:1239 arg1 43181T 1259:1264 Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T 1223:1264 Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %) 1223:1273 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 12 theme Streptosporangium 1223:1239 arg1 % 1272:1272 98.7 % 1267:1272 98.7 % 1267:1272 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 13 dep Streptosporangium 1326:1342 arg1 sandarakinum 1344:1355 sandarakinum 1344:1355 sandarakinum 1344:1355 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 10 14 theme Phylogenetic 1378:1389 arg1 analyses 1391:1398 Phylogenetic analyses 1378:1398 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1378:1431 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SG1T formed a cluster with its closest relative 'S. 27073877 9 15 theme Streptosporangium 1326:1342 arg1 45763T 1361:1366 Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T 1326:1366 Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %) 1326:1375 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 15 theme Streptosporangium 1326:1342 arg1 % 1374:1374 98.5 % 1369:1374 98.5 % 1369:1374 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 16 theme rRNA 998:1001 arg1 analysis 1028:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 994:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 994:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 17 theme pseudovulgare 1241:1253 arg1 43181T 1259:1264 Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T 1223:1264 Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %) 1223:1273 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 17 theme pseudovulgare 1241:1253 arg1 % 1272:1272 98.7 % 1267:1272 98.7 % 1267:1272 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 18 theme Streptosporangium 1163:1179 arg1 46724 1196:1200 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 1162:1200 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity) 1162:1220 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 18 theme Streptosporangium 1163:1179 arg1 similarity 1210:1219 99.7 % similarity 1203:1219 99.7 % similarity 1203:1219 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 19 theme gene 1003:1006 arg1 analysis 1028:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 994:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 994:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 20 theme DSM 1357:1359 arg1 45763T 1361:1366 Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T 1326:1366 Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %) 1326:1375 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 20 theme DSM 1357:1359 arg1 % 1374:1374 98.5 % 1369:1374 98.5 % 1369:1374 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 21 theme DSM 1255:1257 arg1 43181T 1259:1264 Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T 1223:1264 Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %) 1223:1273 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 21 theme DSM 1255:1257 arg1 % 1272:1272 98.7 % 1267:1272 98.7 % 1267:1272 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 1 22 theme desert 72:77 arg1 soil 79:82 desert soil 72:82 desert soil 72:82 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil. 27073877 9 23 dep Streptosporangium 1163:1179 arg1 subfuscum 1181:1189 subfuscum 1181:1189 subfuscum 1181:1189 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 3 24 theme chemical 330:337 arg1 features 339:346 morphological and chemical features 312:346 morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium 312:422 The micro-organism had morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium. 27073877 2 25 theme strain 136:141 arg1 actinobacterium 119:133 a novel actinobacterium 111:133 a novel actinobacterium 111:133 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 2 25 theme strain 136:141 arg1 SG1T 143:146 strain SG1T 136:146 strain SG1T 136:146 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 5 26 contain contained 511:519 arg2 glucose 532:538 glucose 532:538 glucose 532:538 The whole-cell sugars contained ribose and glucose, but not madurose. 27073877 5 26 contain contained 511:519 arg2 ribose 521:526 ribose 521:526 ribose 521:526 The whole-cell sugars contained ribose and glucose, but not madurose. 27073877 5 26 contain contained 511:519 arg1 sugars 504:509 The whole-cell sugars 489:509 The whole-cell sugars 489:509 The whole-cell sugars contained ribose and glucose, but not madurose. 27073877 5 26 contain contained 511:519 arg2 madurose 549:556 madurose 549:556 madurose 549:556 The whole-cell sugars contained ribose and glucose, but not madurose. 27073877 8 27 dep C17  926:929 arg1  1ω8c 931:935  1ω8c 931:935  1ω8c 931:935 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 9 28 theme similarity 1017:1026 arg1 analysis 1028:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 994:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 994:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 13 29 from species 1787:1793 arg1 Streptosporangium 1808:1824 the genus Streptosporangium 1798:1824 the genus Streptosporangium 1798:1824 Therefore, it is proposed that strain SG1T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangiumbecharense sp. 27073877 10 30 theme closest 1483:1489 arg1 relative 1491:1498 its closest relative 1479:1498 its closest relative 'S 1479:1501 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SG1T formed a cluster with its closest relative 'S. 27073877 10 31 theme strain 1445:1450 arg1 SG1T 1452:1455 strain SG1T 1445:1455 strain SG1T 1445:1455 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SG1T formed a cluster with its closest relative 'S. 27073877 9 32 from classification 1051:1064 arg1 Streptosporangium 1094:1110 the genus Streptosporangium 1084:1110 the genus Streptosporangium 1084:1110 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 3 33 with consistent 358:367 arg1 classification 378:391 its classification 374:391 its classification in the genus Streptosporangium 374:422 The micro-organism had morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium. 27073877 15 34 theme =DSM 1921:1924 arg1 SG1T 1915:1918 SG1T 1915:1918 SG1T (=DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T) 1915:1943 The type strain is SG1T (=DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T). 27073877 15 34 theme =DSM 1921:1924 arg1 8961T 1938:1942 =DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T 1921:1942 =DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T 1921:1942 The type strain is SG1T (=DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T). 27073877 1 35 attach isolated 58:65 arg2 actinobacterium 42:56 an actinobacterium 39:56 an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil 39:82 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil. 27073877 1 35 attach isolated 58:65 arg1 soil 79:82 desert soil 72:82 desert soil 72:82 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil. 27073877 8 36 dep C17  961:964 arg1  0 966:967  0 966:967  0 966:967 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 8 36 dep C17  961:964 arg1  0 990:991  0 990:991  0 990:991 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 8 36 dep C17  961:964 arg1 C17  985:988 C17  985:988 C17  985:988 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 8 36 dep C17  961:964 arg1  1ω9c 975:979  1ω9c 975:979  1ω9c 975:979 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 2 37 theme polyphasic 268:277 arg1 approach 279:286 a polyphasic approach 266:286 a polyphasic approach 266:286 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 13 38 theme novel 1781:1785 arg1 species 1787:1793 a novel species 1779:1793 a novel species 1779:1793 Therefore, it is proposed that strain SG1T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangiumbecharense sp. 27073877 15 39 theme 46887T=CECT 1926:1936 arg1 SG1T 1915:1918 SG1T 1915:1918 SG1T (=DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T) 1915:1943 The type strain is SG1T (=DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T). 27073877 15 39 theme 46887T=CECT 1926:1936 arg1 8961T 1938:1942 =DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T 1921:1942 =DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T 1921:1942 The type strain is SG1T (=DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T). 27073877 9 40 theme sequence 1008:1015 arg1 analysis 1028:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 994:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 994:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 2 41 theme Saharan 165:171 arg1 sample 178:183 a Saharan soil sample 163:183 a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria) 163:238 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 5 42 theme whole-cell 493:502 arg1 sugars 504:509 The whole-cell sugars 489:509 The whole-cell sugars 489:509 The whole-cell sugars contained ribose and glucose, but not madurose. 27073877 1 43 dep actinobacterium 42:56 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil. 27073877 12 44 theme closest 1667:1673 arg1 relatives 1688:1696 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1663:1696 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1663:1696 However, DNA-DNA relatedness as well as physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses showed that strain SG1T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27073877 2 45 attach isolated 149:156 arg1 sample 178:183 a Saharan soil sample 163:183 a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria) 163:238 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 2 45 attach isolated 149:156 arg2 SG1T 143:146 strain SG1T 136:146 strain SG1T 136:146 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 2 45 attach isolated 149:156 arg2 actinobacterium 119:133 a novel actinobacterium 111:133 a novel actinobacterium 111:133 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 3 46 theme genus 400:404 arg1 Streptosporangium 406:422 the genus Streptosporangium 396:422 the genus Streptosporangium 396:422 The micro-organism had morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium. 27073877 12 47 theme DNA-DNA 1535:1541 arg1 relatedness 1543:1553 DNA-DNA relatedness 1535:1553 DNA-DNA relatedness as well as physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses 1535:1608 However, DNA-DNA relatedness as well as physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses showed that strain SG1T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27073877 9 48 theme Streptosporangium 1276:1292 arg1 43847T 1306:1311 Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T 1276:1311 Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) 1276:1320 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 48 theme Streptosporangium 1276:1292 arg1 % 1319:1319 98.6 % 1314:1319 98.6 % 1314:1319 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 12 49 theme chemotaxonomical 1584:1599 arg1 analyses 1601:1608 physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses 1566:1608 DNA-DNA relatedness as well as physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses 1535:1608 However, DNA-DNA relatedness as well as physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses showed that strain SG1T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27073877 15 50 theme type 1900:1903 arg1 SG1T 1915:1918 SG1T 1915:1918 SG1T (=DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T) 1915:1943 The type strain is SG1T (=DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T). 27073877 15 50 theme type 1900:1903 arg1 strain 1905:1910 The type strain 1896:1910 The type strain 1896:1910 The type strain is SG1T (=DSM 46887T=CECT 8961T). 27073877 4 51 contain contained 453:461 arg2 acid 483:486 meso-diaminopimelic acid 463:486 meso-diaminopimelic acid 463:486 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27073877 4 51 contain contained 453:461 arg1 peptidoglycan 439:451 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 425:451 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 425:451 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27073877 12 52 theme phylogenetic 1675:1686 arg1 relatives 1688:1696 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1663:1696 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1663:1696 However, DNA-DNA relatedness as well as physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses showed that strain SG1T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27073877 2 53 theme taxonomic 89:97 arg1 position 99:106 The taxonomic position 85:106 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), 85:239 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 4 54 theme meso-diaminopimelic 463:481 arg1 acid 483:486 meso-diaminopimelic acid 463:486 meso-diaminopimelic acid 463:486 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27073877 9 55 theme DSM 1192:1194 arg1 46724 1196:1200 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 1162:1200 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity) 1162:1220 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 55 theme DSM 1192:1194 arg1 similarity 1210:1219 99.7 % similarity 1203:1219 99.7 % similarity 1203:1219 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 56 theme isolate 1073:1079 arg1 classification 1051:1064 the classification 1047:1064 the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium 1047:1110 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 12 57 theme strain 1622:1627 arg1 SG1T 1629:1632 strain SG1T 1622:1632 strain SG1T 1622:1632 However, DNA-DNA relatedness as well as physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses showed that strain SG1T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27073877 2 58 theme actinobacterium 119:133 arg1 position 99:106 The taxonomic position 85:106 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), 85:239 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 9 59 theme DSM 1302:1304 arg1 43847T 1306:1311 Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T 1276:1311 Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) 1276:1320 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 59 theme DSM 1302:1304 arg1 % 1319:1319 98.6 % 1314:1319 98.6 % 1314:1319 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 13 60 theme genus 1802:1806 arg1 Streptosporangium 1808:1824 the genus Streptosporangium 1798:1824 the genus Streptosporangium 1798:1824 Therefore, it is proposed that strain SG1T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangiumbecharense sp. 27073877 10 61 theme gene 1418:1421 arg1 sequences 1423:1431 16S rRNA gene sequences 1409:1431 16S rRNA gene sequences 1409:1431 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SG1T formed a cluster with its closest relative 'S. 27073877 11 62 theme DSM 1515:1517 arg1 46724 1519:1523 subfuscum' DSM 46724 1504:1523 subfuscum' DSM 46724. 1504:1524 subfuscum' DSM 46724. 27073877 7 63 theme phosphatidylinositol 851:870 arg1 mannosides 872:881 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 851:881 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 851:881 The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27073877 4 64 theme cell-wall 429:437 arg1 peptidoglycan 439:451 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 425:451 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 425:451 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27073877 9 65 theme 99.7  1203:1207 arg1 46724 1196:1200 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 1162:1200 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity) 1162:1220 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 65 theme 99.7  1203:1207 arg1 similarity 1210:1219 99.7 % similarity 1203:1219 99.7 % similarity 1203:1219 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 66 theme genus 1088:1092 arg1 Streptosporangium 1094:1110 the genus Streptosporangium 1084:1110 the genus Streptosporangium 1084:1110 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 67 theme 16S 994:996 arg1 analysis 1028:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 994:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 994:1035 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 2 68 theme soil 173:176 arg1 sample 178:183 a Saharan soil sample 163:183 a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria) 163:238 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 9 69 theme % 1208:1208 arg1 46724 1196:1200 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 1162:1200 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity) 1162:1220 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 9 69 theme % 1208:1208 arg1 similarity 1210:1219 99.7 % similarity 1203:1219 99.7 % similarity 1203:1219 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to 'Streptosporangium subfuscum' DSM 46724 (99.7 % similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181T (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847T (98.6 %) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763T (98.5 %). 27073877 10 70 theme rRNA 1413:1416 arg1 sequences 1423:1431 16S rRNA gene sequences 1409:1431 16S rRNA gene sequences 1409:1431 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SG1T formed a cluster with its closest relative 'S. 27073877 8 71 theme cellular 900:907 arg1 acids 915:919 The predominant cellular fatty acids 884:919 The predominant cellular fatty acids 884:919 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 8 71 theme cellular 900:907 arg1 C17  926:929 C17  926:929 C17  926:929 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 3 72 theme morphological 312:324 arg1 features 339:346 morphological and chemical features 312:346 morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium 312:422 The micro-organism had morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium. 27073877 3 73 from classification 378:391 arg1 Streptosporangium 406:422 the genus Streptosporangium 396:422 the genus Streptosporangium 396:422 The micro-organism had morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium. 27073877 2 74 theme south-west 220:229 arg1 Béchar 212:217 Béchar 212:217 Béchar 212:217 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 2 74 theme south-west 220:229 arg1 Algeria 231:237 south-west Algeria 220:237 south-west Algeria 220:237 The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1T, isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. 27073877 8 75 dep  1ω8c 931:935 arg1  0 947:948  0 947:948  0 947:948 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 8 75 dep  1ω8c 931:935 arg1 C17  961:964 C17  961:964 C17  961:964 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 8 75 dep  1ω8c 931:935 arg1 iso-C16  938:945 iso-C16  938:945 iso-C16  938:945 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 8 75 dep  1ω8c 931:935 arg1 C18  970:973 C18  970:973 C18  970:973 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 12 76 theme physiological 1566:1578 arg1 analyses 1601:1608 physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses 1566:1608 DNA-DNA relatedness as well as physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses 1535:1608 However, DNA-DNA relatedness as well as physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses showed that strain SG1T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27073877 8 77 theme predominant 888:898 arg1 acids 915:919 The predominant cellular fatty acids 884:919 The predominant cellular fatty acids 884:919 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27073877 8 77 theme predominant 888:898 arg1 C17  926:929 C17  926:929 C17  926:929 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. 27563679 0 0 theme Confocal 71:78 arg1 Microscopy 80:89 Corneal Confocal Microscopy 63:89 Corneal Confocal Microscopy 63:89 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 8 1 from nerves 1388:1393 arg1 patients 1414:1421 type 2 diabetic patients 1398:1421 type 2 diabetic patients 1398:1421 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 2 2 theme type 573:576 arg1 patients 589:596 162 type 2 diabetic patients 569:596 162 type 2 diabetic patients 569:596 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 2 3 theme clinical 671:678 arg1 examinations 697:708 clinical and neurological examinations 671:708 clinical and neurological examinations 671:708 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 4 4 theme CNF 866:868 arg1 density 844:850 density 844:850 density 844:850 In particular the patients had reduced density and length of CNF and beading frequency and increased bead size. 27563679 4 4 theme CNF 866:868 arg1 length 856:861 length 856:861 length 856:861 In particular the patients had reduced density and length of CNF and beading frequency and increased bead size. 27563679 0 5 theme Corneal 63:69 arg1 Microscopy 80:89 Corneal Confocal Microscopy 63:89 Corneal Confocal Microscopy 63:89 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 1 6 theme type 309:312 arg1 patients 325:332 type 2 diabetic patients 309:332 type 2 diabetic patients 309:332 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 2 7 theme 162 569:571 arg1 patients 589:596 162 type 2 diabetic patients 569:596 162 type 2 diabetic patients 569:596 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 1 8 theme corneal 236:242 arg1 CNF 257:259 CNF 257:259 CNF 257:259 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 8 theme corneal 236:242 arg1 fiber 250:254 the corneal nerve fiber 232:254 the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients 232:332 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 4 9 theme frequency 882:890 arg1 density 844:850 density 844:850 density 844:850 In particular the patients had reduced density and length of CNF and beading frequency and increased bead size. 27563679 4 9 theme frequency 882:890 arg1 length 856:861 length 856:861 length 856:861 In particular the patients had reduced density and length of CNF and beading frequency and increased bead size. 27563679 1 10 from alterations 276:286 arg1 cohort 299:304 a large cohort 291:304 a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients 291:332 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 11 theme novel 394:398 arg1 parameter 400:408 a novel parameter 392:408 a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF 392:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 5 12 theme CNF 932:934 arg1 parameters 936:945 CNF parameters 932:945 CNF parameters 932:945 Alterations in CNF parameters were significant even in patients without neuropathy. 27563679 8 13 theme NCV 1370:1372 arg1 predictor 1352:1360 a predictor 1350:1360 a predictor of slow NCV 1350:1372 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 8 13 theme NCV 1370:1372 arg1 expansion 1315:1323 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion 1289:1323 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF 1289:1339 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 1 14 theme nerve 244:248 arg1 CNF 257:259 CNF 257:259 CNF 257:259 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 14 theme nerve 244:248 arg1 fiber 250:254 the corneal nerve fiber 232:254 the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients 232:332 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 8 15 theme beads 1328:1332 arg1 expansion 1315:1323 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion 1289:1323 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF 1289:1339 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 8 15 theme beads 1328:1332 arg1 predictor 1352:1360 a predictor 1350:1360 a predictor of slow NCV 1350:1372 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 1 16 theme diabetic 316:323 arg1 patients 325:332 type 2 diabetic patients 309:332 type 2 diabetic patients 309:332 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 0 17 theme Type 177:180 arg1 Mellitus 193:200 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 177:200 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 177:200 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 2 18 theme healthy 605:611 arg1 subjects 621:628 45 healthy control subjects 602:628 45 healthy control subjects 602:628 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 2 19 theme microscopy 731:740 arg1 battery 660:666 a battery 658:666 a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy 658:740 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 1 20 theme fiber 250:254 arg1 alterations 276:286 the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations 232:286 the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients 232:332 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 21 theme patients 325:332 arg1 cohort 299:304 a large cohort 291:304 a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients 291:332 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 2 22 theme neurological 684:695 arg1 examinations 697:708 clinical and neurological examinations 671:708 clinical and neurological examinations 671:708 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 2 23 theme confocal 722:729 arg1 microscopy 731:740 corneal confocal microscopy 714:740 corneal confocal microscopy 714:740 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 0 24 theme Diabetes 184:191 arg1 Mellitus 193:200 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 177:200 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 177:200 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 3 25 theme abnormal 780:787 arg1 parameters 793:802 abnormal CNF parameters 780:802 abnormal CNF parameters 780:802 Compared with controls, patients had abnormal CNF parameters. 27563679 2 26 theme corneal 714:720 arg1 microscopy 731:740 corneal confocal microscopy 714:740 corneal confocal microscopy 714:740 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 1 27 from CNF 498:500 arg1 particles 471:479 glycogen particles 462:479 glycogen particles 462:479 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 27 from CNF 498:500 arg1 vesicles 486:493 vesicles 486:493 vesicles in CNF 486:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 27 from CNF 498:500 arg1 composite 423:431 composite 423:431 composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF 423:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 27 from CNF 498:500 arg1 mitochondria 448:459 accumulated mitochondria 436:459 accumulated mitochondria 436:459 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 0 28 theme Expanded 4:11 arg1 Size 18:21 The Expanded Bead Size 0:21 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy 0:89 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 2 29 theme diabetic 580:587 arg1 patients 589:596 162 type 2 diabetic patients 569:596 162 type 2 diabetic patients 569:596 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 6 30 theme conduction 1121:1130 arg1 velocity 1132:1139 the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity 1093:1139 velocity 1132:1139 The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. 27563679 0 31 with Patients 163:170 arg1 Mellitus 193:200 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 177:200 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 177:200 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 5 32 from patients 972:979 arg1 significant 952:962 significant 952:962 significant 952:962 Alterations in CNF parameters were significant even in patients without neuropathy. 27563679 6 33 theme median 1187:1192 arg1 nerve 1194:1198 the median nerve 1183:1198 the median nerve 1183:1198 The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. 27563679 1 34 theme accumulated 436:446 arg1 mitochondria 448:459 accumulated mitochondria 436:459 accumulated mitochondria 436:459 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 6 35 theme nerve 1115:1119 arg1 velocity 1132:1139 the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity 1093:1139 velocity 1132:1139 The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. 27563679 1 36 from vesicles 486:493 arg1 CNF 498:500 CNF 498:500 CNF 498:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 0 37 theme Conduction 115:124 arg1 Velocity 126:133 Slow Conduction Velocity 110:133 Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 110:200 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 1 38 theme mitochondria 448:459 arg1 particles 471:479 glycogen particles 462:479 glycogen particles 462:479 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 38 theme mitochondria 448:459 arg1 vesicles 486:493 vesicles 486:493 vesicles in CNF 486:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 38 theme mitochondria 448:459 arg1 composite 423:431 composite 423:431 composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF 423:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 38 theme mitochondria 448:459 arg1 mitochondria 448:459 accumulated mitochondria 436:459 accumulated mitochondria 436:459 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 6 39 theme sensory 1107:1113 arg1 velocity 1132:1139 the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity 1093:1139 velocity 1132:1139 The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. 27563679 1 40 from particles 471:479 arg1 CNF 498:500 CNF 498:500 CNF 498:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 0 41 theme Bead 13:16 arg1 Size 18:21 The Expanded Bead Size 0:21 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy 0:89 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 0 42 theme Slow 110:113 arg1 Velocity 126:133 Slow Conduction Velocity 110:133 Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 110:200 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 8 43 theme slow 1365:1368 arg1 NCV 1370:1372 slow NCV 1365:1372 slow NCV 1365:1372 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 5 44 from significant 952:962 arg1 patients 972:979 patients 972:979 patients without neuropathy 972:998 Alterations in CNF parameters were significant even in patients without neuropathy. 27563679 0 45 theme Corneal 26:32 arg1 Fibers 42:47 Corneal C-Nerve Fibers 26:47 Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy 26:89 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 1 46 theme morphological 262:274 arg1 alterations 276:286 the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations 232:286 the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients 232:332 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 4 47 theme bead 906:909 arg1 size 911:914 bead size 906:914 bead size 906:914 In particular the patients had reduced density and length of CNF and beading frequency and increased bead size. 27563679 8 48 theme peripheral 1377:1386 arg1 nerves 1388:1393 peripheral nerves 1377:1393 peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients 1377:1421 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 6 49 theme nerve 1194:1198 arg1 period 1173:1178 the distal latency period 1154:1178 the distal latency period of the median nerve 1154:1198 The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. 27563679 1 50 theme peripheral 550:559 arg1 nerves 561:566 the peripheral nerves 546:566 the peripheral nerves 546:566 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 5 51 from Alterations 917:927 arg1 parameters 936:945 CNF parameters 932:945 CNF parameters 932:945 Alterations in CNF parameters were significant even in patients without neuropathy. 27563679 8 52 theme type 1398:1401 arg1 patients 1414:1421 type 2 diabetic patients 1398:1421 type 2 diabetic patients 1398:1421 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 7 53 dep NCV 1270:1272 arg1 the 1266:1268 the 1266:1268 the 1266:1268 The CNF density and length positively correlated with the NCV and amplitude. 27563679 0 54 theme Fibers 42:47 arg1 Size 18:21 The Expanded Bead Size 0:21 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy 0:89 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 0 55 theme Peripheral 142:151 arg1 Nerves 153:158 the Peripheral Nerves 138:158 the Peripheral Nerves 138:158 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 1 56 theme glycogen 462:469 arg1 particles 471:479 glycogen particles 462:479 glycogen particles 462:479 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 8 57 from expansion 1315:1323 arg1 CNF 1337:1339 CNF 1337:1339 CNF 1337:1339 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 0 58 theme C-Nerve 34:40 arg1 Fibers 42:47 Corneal C-Nerve Fibers 26:47 Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy 26:89 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 8 59 theme diabetic 1405:1412 arg1 patients 1414:1421 type 2 diabetic patients 1398:1421 type 2 diabetic patients 1398:1421 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 6 60 theme latency 1165:1171 arg1 period 1173:1178 the distal latency period 1154:1178 the distal latency period of the median nerve 1154:1198 The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. 27563679 1 61 theme particles 471:479 arg1 particles 471:479 glycogen particles 462:479 glycogen particles 462:479 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 61 theme particles 471:479 arg1 vesicles 486:493 vesicles 486:493 vesicles in CNF 486:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 61 theme particles 471:479 arg1 composite 423:431 composite 423:431 composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF 423:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 61 theme particles 471:479 arg1 mitochondria 448:459 accumulated mitochondria 436:459 accumulated mitochondria 436:459 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 62 from mitochondria 448:459 arg1 CNF 498:500 CNF 498:500 CNF 498:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 63 theme nerves 561:566 arg1 parameter 400:408 a novel parameter 392:408 a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF 392:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 63 theme nerves 561:566 arg1 size 386:389 the bead size 377:389 the bead size 377:389 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 63 theme nerves 561:566 arg1 dysfunctions 530:541 the neurophysiological dysfunctions 507:541 the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves 507:566 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 64 theme large 293:297 arg1 cohort 299:304 a large cohort 291:304 a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients 291:332 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 4 65 theme beading 874:880 arg1 frequency 882:890 beading frequency 874:890 beading frequency 874:890 In particular the patients had reduced density and length of CNF and beading frequency and increased bead size. 27563679 1 66 theme bead 381:384 arg1 size 386:389 the bead size 377:389 the bead size 377:389 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 6 67 theme distal 1158:1163 arg1 period 1173:1178 the distal latency period 1154:1178 the distal latency period of the median nerve 1154:1198 The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. 27563679 2 68 theme control 613:619 arg1 subjects 621:628 45 healthy control subjects 602:628 45 healthy control subjects 602:628 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 1 69 from composite 423:431 arg1 CNF 498:500 CNF 498:500 CNF 498:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 8 70 theme hyperglycemia-induced 1293:1313 arg1 expansion 1315:1323 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion 1289:1323 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF 1289:1339 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 8 70 theme hyperglycemia-induced 1293:1313 arg1 predictor 1352:1360 a predictor 1350:1360 a predictor of slow NCV 1350:1372 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 6 71 theme HbA1c 1005:1009 arg1 levels 1011:1016 The HbA1c levels 1001:1016 The HbA1c levels 1001:1016 The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. 27563679 0 72 theme Nerves 153:158 arg1 Velocity 126:133 Slow Conduction Velocity 110:133 Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 110:200 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 2 73 theme examinations 697:708 arg1 battery 660:666 a battery 658:666 a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy 658:740 162 type 2 diabetic patients and 45 healthy control subjects were studied in detail with a battery of clinical and neurological examinations and corneal confocal microscopy. 27563679 7 74 theme CNF 1216:1218 arg1 density 1220:1226 The CNF density 1212:1226 The CNF density 1212:1226 The CNF density and length positively correlated with the NCV and amplitude. 27563679 0 75 from Velocity 126:133 arg1 Patients 163:170 Patients 163:170 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 163:200 The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 27563679 1 76 theme vesicles 486:493 arg1 particles 471:479 glycogen particles 462:479 glycogen particles 462:479 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 76 theme vesicles 486:493 arg1 vesicles 486:493 vesicles 486:493 vesicles in CNF 486:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 76 theme vesicles 486:493 arg1 composite 423:431 composite 423:431 composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF 423:500 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 1 76 theme vesicles 486:493 arg1 mitochondria 448:459 accumulated mitochondria 436:459 accumulated mitochondria 436:459 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27563679 6 77 theme bead 1051:1054 arg1 related 1082:1088 related 1082:1088 related 1082:1088 The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. 27563679 6 77 theme bead 1051:1054 arg1 size 1056:1059 the bead size 1047:1059 the bead size 1047:1059 The HbA1c levels were tightly associated with the bead size, which was inversely related to the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and to the distal latency period of the median nerve positively. 27563679 8 78 from predictor 1352:1360 arg1 nerves 1388:1393 peripheral nerves 1377:1393 peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients 1377:1421 The hyperglycemia-induced expansion of beads in CNF might be a predictor of slow NCV in peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetic patients. 27563679 3 79 theme CNF 789:791 arg1 parameters 793:802 abnormal CNF parameters 780:802 abnormal CNF parameters 780:802 Compared with controls, patients had abnormal CNF parameters. 27563679 3 80 contain had 776:778 arg2 parameters 793:802 abnormal CNF parameters 780:802 abnormal CNF parameters 780:802 Compared with controls, patients had abnormal CNF parameters. 27563679 3 80 contain had 776:778 arg1 patients 767:774 patients 767:774 patients 767:774 Compared with controls, patients had abnormal CNF parameters. 27563679 1 81 theme neurophysiological 511:528 arg1 dysfunctions 530:541 the neurophysiological dysfunctions 507:541 the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves 507:566 This study aims to establish the corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphological alterations in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the association between the bead size, a novel parameter representing composite of accumulated mitochondria, glycogen particles, and vesicles in CNF, and the neurophysiological dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves. 27446223 3 0 theme molecular 625:633 arg1 structure 635:643 molecular structure 625:643 molecular structure 625:643 The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. 27446223 2 1 with PST-W 357:361 arg1 yield 372:376 the yield 368:376 the yield of 0.41% 368:385 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 4 2 theme α-D-Glcp 807:814 arg1 n 821:821 α-D-Glcp (1→] n 807:821 [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR 785:853 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 7 3 theme PST-W 1360:1364 arg1 polysaccharides 1376:1390 PST-W and crude polysaccharides 1360:1390 PST-W and crude polysaccharides 1360:1390 However, O2 (-∙) clearing abilities of PST-W and crude polysaccharides were obviously weaker. 27446223 1 4 theme delicious 239:247 arg1 taste 249:253 its delicious taste 235:253 its delicious taste 235:253 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 4 5 theme α-D-Glcp 790:797 arg1 structure 772:780 the molecular structure 758:780 the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR 758:853 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 6 6 theme radical 1203:1209 arg1 radicals 1257:1264 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1173:1264 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1173:1264 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 7 7 theme polysaccharides 1376:1390 arg1 abilities 1347:1355 O2 (-∙) clearing abilities 1330:1355 O2 (-∙) clearing abilities of PST-W and crude polysaccharides 1330:1390 However, O2 (-∙) clearing abilities of PST-W and crude polysaccharides were obviously weaker. 27446223 4 8 theme methylation 826:836 arg1 analysis 838:845 methylation analysis 826:845 methylation analysis 826:845 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 9 9 dep separation 1560:1569 arg1 the 1556:1558 the 1556:1558 the 1556:1558 Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree. 27446223 6 10 theme 4.17 1285:1288 arg1 IC50 1271:1274 IC50 1271:1274 IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL 1271:1304 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 5 11 theme vitamin 974:980 arg1 > 1044:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > 974:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 1 12 theme Truffle 189:195 arg1 huidongense 204:214 Tuber huidongense 198:214 Tuber huidongense 198:214 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 1 12 theme Truffle 189:195 arg1 Perigord 180:187 Perigord Truffle 180:195 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 180:215 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 1 12 theme Truffle 189:195 arg1 parasitizing 153:164 a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing 123:164 a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees 123:177 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 6 13 theme 2.81 1279:1282 arg1 IC50 1271:1274 IC50 1271:1274 IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL 1271:1304 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 5 14 theme > 984:984 arg1 > 1044:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > 974:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 1 15 theme Tuber 198:202 arg1 huidongense 204:214 Tuber huidongense 198:214 Tuber huidongense 198:214 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 1 15 theme Tuber 198:202 arg1 Perigord 180:187 Perigord Truffle 180:195 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 180:215 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 4 16 theme 1→ 817:818 arg1 n 821:821 α-D-Glcp (1→] n 807:821 [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR 785:853 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 9 17 theme polysaccharides 1591:1605 arg1 purification 1575:1586 purification 1575:1586 purification 1575:1586 Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree. 27446223 9 17 theme polysaccharides 1591:1605 arg1 separation 1560:1569 separation 1560:1569 separation 1560:1569 Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree. 27446223 4 18 theme PST-W 681:685 arg1 compositions 665:676 The monosaccharide compositions 646:676 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W 646:685 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 4 18 theme PST-W 681:685 arg1 glucan 718:723 glucan 718:723 glucan 718:723 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 3 19 theme main 583:586 arg1 components 588:597 main components 583:597 main components of monosaccharide(s) 583:618 The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. 27446223 1 20 theme medicinal 125:133 arg1 Perigord 180:187 Perigord Truffle 180:195 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 180:215 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 1 20 theme medicinal 125:133 arg1 parasitizing 153:164 a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing 123:164 a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees 123:177 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 4 21 contain containing 731:740 arg1 glucan 718:723 glucan 718:723 glucan 718:723 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 4 21 contain containing 731:740 arg2 D-glucoses 742:751 D-glucoses 742:751 D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR 742:853 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 4 21 contain containing 731:740 arg1 compositions 665:676 The monosaccharide compositions 646:676 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W 646:685 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 5 22 theme crude 1020:1024 arg1 > 1044:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > 974:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 1 23 theme edible 139:144 arg1 Perigord 180:187 Perigord Truffle 180:195 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 180:215 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 1 23 theme edible 139:144 arg1 parasitizing 153:164 a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing 123:164 a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees 123:177 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 0 24 theme Perigord 82:89 arg1 huidongense 106:116 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 82:117 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 82:117 Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense). 27446223 5 25 theme > 1044:1044 arg1 polysaccharides-1 1052:1068 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 5 25 theme > 1044:1044 arg1 abilities 918:926 the reducing abilities 905:926 the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts 905:953 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 8 26 theme crude 1439:1443 arg1 extract 1445:1451 total crude extract 1433:1451 total crude extract 1433:1451 The activities of total crude extract were the worst, indicating that the impurities might negatively affect the antioxidant activity. 27446223 4 27 with D-glucoses 742:751 arg1 structure 772:780 the molecular structure 758:780 the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR 758:853 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 5 28 theme > 992:992 arg1 > 1044:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > 974:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 9 29 from activity 1652:1659 arg1 degree 1669:1674 some degree 1664:1674 some degree 1664:1674 Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree. 27446223 5 30 theme polysaccharides-3 1000:1016 arg1 > 1044:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > 974:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 5 31 theme reducing 886:893 arg1 capacity 895:902 total reducing capacity 880:902 total reducing capacity 880:902 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 2 32 theme Perigord 393:400 arg1 huidongense 417:427 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 393:428 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 393:428 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 0 33 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 Activity 12:19 Antioxidant Activity 0:19 Antioxidant Activity 0:19 Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense). 27446223 1 34 theme unique 256:261 arg1 smell 263:267 unique smell 256:267 unique smell 256:267 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 4 35 theme [→6 785:787 arg1 α-D-Glcp 790:797 [→6) α-D-Glcp 785:797 [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR 785:853 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 4 35 theme [→6 785:787 arg1 → 802:802 1 → 6 800:804 1 → 6 800:804 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 0 36 theme New 49:51 arg1 Polysaccharide 53:66 One New Polysaccharide 45:66 One New Polysaccharide 45:66 Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense). 27446223 1 37 theme high 274:277 arg1 value 287:291 high medical value 274:291 high medical value for healthcare 274:306 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 5 38 theme extracts 946:953 arg1 polysaccharides-1 1052:1068 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 5 38 theme extracts 946:953 arg1 abilities 918:926 the reducing abilities 905:926 the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts 905:953 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 8 39 theme antioxidant 1528:1538 arg1 activity 1540:1547 the antioxidant activity 1524:1547 the antioxidant activity 1524:1547 The activities of total crude extract were the worst, indicating that the impurities might negatively affect the antioxidant activity. 27446223 2 40 theme nonstarch 331:339 arg1 polysaccharide 341:354 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide 309:354 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 309:428 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 5 41 theme reducing 909:916 arg1 polysaccharides-1 1052:1068 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 5 41 theme reducing 909:916 arg1 abilities 918:926 the reducing abilities 905:926 the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts 905:953 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 6 42 theme hydrazyl 1248:1255 arg1 radicals 1257:1264 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1173:1264 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1173:1264 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 2 43 theme new 313:315 arg1 polysaccharide 341:354 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide 309:354 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 309:428 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 6 44 theme 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 1227:1246 arg1 radicals 1257:1264 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1173:1264 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1173:1264 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 6 45 theme crude 1085:1089 arg1 polysaccharides-2 1091:1107 crude polysaccharides-2 1085:1107 crude polysaccharides-2 1085:1107 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 6 46 theme 2,2-Diphenyl-1- 1211:1225 arg1 radicals 1257:1264 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1173:1264 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1173:1264 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 7 47 theme crude 1370:1374 arg1 polysaccharides 1376:1390 PST-W and crude polysaccharides 1360:1390 PST-W and crude polysaccharides 1360:1390 However, O2 (-∙) clearing abilities of PST-W and crude polysaccharides were obviously weaker. 27446223 6 48 theme 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1173:1201 arg1 radicals 1257:1264 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1173:1264 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1173:1264 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 7 49 theme clearing 1338:1345 arg1 abilities 1347:1355 O2 (-∙) clearing abilities 1330:1355 O2 (-∙) clearing abilities of PST-W and crude polysaccharides 1330:1390 However, O2 (-∙) clearing abilities of PST-W and crude polysaccharides were obviously weaker. 27446223 2 50 theme first 496:500 arg1 time 502:505 the first time 492:505 the first time 492:505 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 5 51 theme C 982:982 arg1 > 1044:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > 974:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 6 52 theme good 1154:1157 arg1 scavenger 1159:1167 relatively good scavenger 1143:1167 relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals 1143:1264 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 5 53 theme PST-W 986:990 arg1 > 1044:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > 974:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 3 54 theme PST-W 533:537 arg1 characterizations 512:528 The characterizations 508:528 The characterizations of PST-W 508:537 The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. 27446223 9 55 theme antioxidant 1640:1650 arg1 activity 1652:1659 the antioxidant activity 1636:1659 the antioxidant activity in some degree 1636:1674 Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree. 27446223 4 56 theme monosaccharide 650:663 arg1 compositions 665:676 The monosaccharide compositions 646:676 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W 646:685 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 4 56 theme monosaccharide 650:663 arg1 glucan 718:723 glucan 718:723 glucan 718:723 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 6 57 theme crude 1114:1118 arg1 polysaccharides-3 1120:1136 crude polysaccharides-3 1114:1136 crude polysaccharides-3 1114:1136 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 3 58 theme physicochemical 555:569 arg1 properties 571:580 physicochemical properties 555:580 physicochemical properties 555:580 The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. 27446223 6 59 with scavenger 1159:1167 arg1 IC50 1271:1274 IC50 1271:1274 IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL 1271:1304 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 8 60 theme total 1433:1437 arg1 extract 1445:1451 total crude extract 1433:1451 total crude extract 1433:1451 The activities of total crude extract were the worst, indicating that the impurities might negatively affect the antioxidant activity. 27446223 0 61 theme Truffle 91:97 arg1 huidongense 106:116 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 82:117 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 82:117 Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense). 27446223 5 62 theme polysaccharides-2 1026:1042 arg1 > 1044:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > 974:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 1 63 theme fungus 146:151 arg1 Perigord 180:187 Perigord Truffle 180:195 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 180:215 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 1 63 theme fungus 146:151 arg1 parasitizing 153:164 a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing 123:164 a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees 123:177 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 8 64 theme extract 1445:1451 arg1 worst 1462:1466 the worst 1458:1466 the worst 1458:1466 The activities of total crude extract were the worst, indicating that the impurities might negatively affect the antioxidant activity. 27446223 8 64 theme extract 1445:1451 arg1 activities 1419:1428 The activities 1415:1428 The activities of total crude extract 1415:1451 The activities of total crude extract were the worst, indicating that the impurities might negatively affect the antioxidant activity. 27446223 0 65 theme Tuber 100:104 arg1 huidongense 106:116 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 82:117 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 82:117 Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense). 27446223 5 66 theme crude 1046:1050 arg1 polysaccharides-1 1052:1068 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 5 66 theme crude 1046:1050 arg1 abilities 918:926 the reducing abilities 905:926 the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts 905:953 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 1 67 from parasitizing 153:164 arg1 trees 173:177 the trees 169:177 the trees 169:177 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 2 68 theme structural 461:470 arg1 characteristics 472:486 structural characteristics 461:486 structural characteristics for the first time 461:505 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 6 69 theme 3.44 mg/mL 1295:1304 arg1 IC50 1271:1274 IC50 1271:1274 IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL 1271:1304 All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. 27446223 5 70 theme crude 994:998 arg1 > 1044:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > 974:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 5 71 theme total 880:884 arg1 capacity 895:902 total reducing capacity 880:902 total reducing capacity 880:902 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 2 72 from huidongense 417:427 arg1 polysaccharide 341:354 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide 309:354 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 309:428 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 5 73 theme > 1018:1018 arg1 > 1044:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > 974:1044 vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1 974:1068 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 4 74 dep α-D-Glcp 790:797 arg1 n 821:821 α-D-Glcp (1→] n 807:821 [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR 785:853 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 2 75 theme % 385:385 arg1 yield 372:376 the yield 368:376 the yield of 0.41% 368:385 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 3 76 theme monosaccharide 602:615 arg1 s 617:617 monosaccharide(s) 602:618 monosaccharide(s) 602:618 The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. 27446223 2 77 theme Tuber 411:415 arg1 huidongense 417:427 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 393:428 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 393:428 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 4 78 theme molecular 762:770 arg1 structure 772:780 the molecular structure 758:780 the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR 758:853 The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1 → 6) α-D-Glcp (1→] n by methylation analysis and NMR. 27446223 0 79 theme Polysaccharide 53:66 arg1 Characterization 25:40 Characterization 25:40 Characterization 25:40 Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense). 27446223 0 79 theme Polysaccharide 53:66 arg1 Activity 12:19 Antioxidant Activity 0:19 Antioxidant Activity 0:19 Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense). 27446223 5 80 theme polysaccharide 931:944 arg1 extracts 946:953 polysaccharide extracts 931:953 polysaccharide extracts 931:953 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 2 81 theme Truffle 402:408 arg1 huidongense 417:427 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 393:428 Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 393:428 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 1 82 theme medical 279:285 arg1 value 287:291 high medical value 274:291 high medical value for healthcare 274:306 As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. 27446223 5 83 theme capacity 895:902 arg1 determination 863:875 the determination 859:875 the determination of total reducing capacity 859:902 In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. 27446223 3 84 theme s 617:617 arg1 properties 571:580 physicochemical properties 555:580 physicochemical properties 555:580 The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. 27446223 3 84 theme s 617:617 arg1 components 588:597 main components 583:597 main components of monosaccharide(s) 583:618 The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. 27446223 3 84 theme s 617:617 arg1 structure 635:643 molecular structure 625:643 molecular structure 625:643 The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. 27446223 2 85 dep polysaccharide 341:354 arg1 PST-W 357:361 PST-W 357:361 PST-W with the yield of 0.41% 357:385 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27446223 2 86 theme water-soluble 317:329 arg1 polysaccharide 341:354 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide 309:354 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) 309:428 One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. 27774566 2 0 from -20 °C 387:392 arg1 week 408:411 the second week 397:411 the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature 397:518 Temperate soil samples were incubated in a refrigerator at 2 °C for 4 weeks and compared with those frozen at -20 °C in the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature. 27774566 6 1 theme organic 857:863 arg1 carbon 865:870 The colloidal organic carbon 843:870 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) 843:876 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 6 1 theme organic 857:863 arg1 COC 873:875 COC 873:875 COC 873:875 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 9 2 theme freeze-thaw 1634:1644 arg1 events 1646:1651 freeze-thaw events 1634:1651 freeze-thaw events in nature 1634:1661 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 7 3 theme excitation-emission 1044:1062 arg1 EEM 1072:1074 EEM 1072:1074 EEM 1072:1074 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 7 3 theme excitation-emission 1044:1062 arg1 matrix 1064:1069 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix 1027:1069 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) 1027:1075 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 6 4 from changes 994:1000 arg1 DOC 1005:1007 DOC 1005:1007 DOC 1005:1007 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 6 4 from changes 994:1000 arg1 colloidal 1013:1021 colloidal 1013:1021 colloidal 1013:1021 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 1 5 theme warming 173:179 arg1 process 181:187 the warming process 169:187 the warming process 169:187 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 27774566 6 6 theme subtle 909:914 arg1 changes 916:922 rather subtle changes 902:922 rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal 902:1021 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 2 7 theme Temperate 277:285 arg1 samples 292:298 Temperate soil samples 277:298 Temperate soil samples 277:298 Temperate soil samples were incubated in a refrigerator at 2 °C for 4 weeks and compared with those frozen at -20 °C in the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature. 27774566 5 8 theme warming 780:786 arg1 condition 788:796 The subsequent warming condition 765:796 The subsequent warming condition 765:796 The subsequent warming condition greatly increased both DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 9 9 from events 1646:1651 arg1 nature 1656:1661 nature 1656:1661 nature 1656:1661 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 6 10 theme dissolved 882:890 arg1 Ca 892:893 dissolved Ca 882:893 dissolved Ca 882:893 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 9 11 theme colloidal 1684:1692 arg1 matter 1707:1712 colloidal soil organic matter 1684:1712 colloidal soil organic matter 1684:1712 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 8 12 theme FT-IR 1402:1406 arg1 spectra 1408:1414 FT-IR spectra 1402:1414 FT-IR spectra 1402:1414 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 4 13 dep increased 691:699 arg1 Ca. 761:763 Ca. 761:763 Ca. 761:763 Thawing at 2 °C after freezing at -20 °C increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but decreased colloidal Ca. 27774566 9 14 theme organic 1699:1705 arg1 matter 1707:1712 colloidal soil organic matter 1684:1712 colloidal soil organic matter 1684:1712 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 6 15 dep showed 895:900 arg1 Ca. 1023:1025 Ca. 1023:1025 Ca. 1023:1025 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 8 16 dep DOC 1375:1377 arg1 the 1371:1373 the 1371:1373 the 1371:1373 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 6 17 theme warming 959:965 arg1 treatments 967:976 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 939:976 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 939:976 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 2 18 theme freeze-thaw 452:462 arg1 effect 464:469 a freeze-thaw effect 450:469 a freeze-thaw effect 450:469 Temperate soil samples were incubated in a refrigerator at 2 °C for 4 weeks and compared with those frozen at -20 °C in the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature. 27774566 8 19 theme principal 1429:1437 arg1 components 1439:1448 two principal components 1425:1448 two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1425:1534 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 7 20 theme aliphatic 1309:1317 arg1 alcohols 1319:1326 aliphatic alcohols 1309:1326 aliphatic alcohols 1309:1326 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 1 21 theme freezing 133:140 arg1 effects 118:124 the effects 114:124 the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions 114:274 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 27774566 6 22 theme freeze-thaw 943:953 arg1 treatments 967:976 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 939:976 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 939:976 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 0 23 theme soil 69:72 arg1 matter 82:87 colloidal soil organic matter 59:87 colloidal soil organic matter 59:87 Effects of a controlled freeze-thaw event on dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter. 27774566 1 24 theme thawing 146:152 arg1 effects 118:124 the effects 114:124 the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions 114:274 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 27774566 0 25 from Effects 0:6 arg1 matter 82:87 colloidal soil organic matter 59:87 colloidal soil organic matter 59:87 Effects of a controlled freeze-thaw event on dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter. 27774566 0 25 from Effects 0:6 arg1 dissolved 45:53 dissolved 45:53 dissolved 45:53 Effects of a controlled freeze-thaw event on dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter. 27774566 4 26 theme organic 715:721 arg1 DOC 731:733 DOC 731:733 DOC 731:733 Thawing at 2 °C after freezing at -20 °C increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but decreased colloidal Ca. 27774566 4 26 theme organic 715:721 arg1 carbon 723:728 the dissolved organic carbon 701:728 the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 701:734 Thawing at 2 °C after freezing at -20 °C increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but decreased colloidal Ca. 27774566 7 27 theme freeze-thaw 1158:1168 arg1 treatments 1182:1191 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1154:1191 treatments 1182:1191 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 0 28 theme event 36:40 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of a controlled freeze-thaw event on dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter 0:87 Effects of a controlled freeze-thaw event on dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter. 27774566 1 29 from effects 118:124 arg1 composition 196:206 the composition 192:206 the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions 192:274 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 27774566 0 30 theme colloidal 59:67 arg1 matter 82:87 colloidal soil organic matter 59:87 colloidal soil organic matter 59:87 Effects of a controlled freeze-thaw event on dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter. 27774566 8 31 theme component 1341:1349 arg1 PCA 1361:1363 PCA 1361:1363 PCA 1361:1363 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 8 31 theme component 1341:1349 arg1 analysis 1351:1358 A principal component analysis 1329:1358 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra 1329:1414 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 4 32 from -20 °C 684:689 arg1 Thawing 650:656 Thawing 650:656 Thawing at 2 °C after freezing at -20 °C 650:689 Thawing at 2 °C after freezing at -20 °C increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but decreased colloidal Ca. 27774566 2 33 theme second 401:406 arg1 week 408:411 the second week 397:411 the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature 397:518 Temperate soil samples were incubated in a refrigerator at 2 °C for 4 weeks and compared with those frozen at -20 °C in the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature. 27774566 7 34 theme FT-IR 1127:1131 arg1 results 1134:1140 Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results 1081:1140 Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results 1081:1140 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 9 35 theme contrasting 1548:1558 arg1 effects 1560:1566 the contrasting effects 1544:1566 the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1544:1608 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 7 36 theme polysaccharides 1275:1289 arg1 compositions 1226:1237 the compositions 1222:1237 the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols 1222:1326 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 8 37 theme treatments 1525:1534 arg1 effects 1486:1492 the effects 1482:1492 the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1482:1534 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 6 38 from changes 916:922 arg1 response 927:934 response 927:934 response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal 927:1021 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 0 39 theme freeze-thaw 24:34 arg1 event 36:40 a controlled freeze-thaw event 11:40 a controlled freeze-thaw event 11:40 Effects of a controlled freeze-thaw event on dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter. 27774566 7 40 theme spectrometry 1113:1124 arg1 results 1134:1140 Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results 1081:1140 Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results 1081:1140 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 7 41 theme substances 1263:1272 arg1 compositions 1226:1237 the compositions 1222:1237 the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols 1222:1326 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 3 42 theme last 593:596 arg1 week 598:601 the last week 589:601 the last week 589:601 The freeze-thaw group was compared with those incubated at 25 °C in the last week to investigate a warming effect after thawing. 27774566 7 43 theme Fourier 1081:1087 arg1 results 1134:1140 Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results 1081:1140 Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results 1081:1140 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 9 44 theme freeze-thaw 1575:1585 arg1 treatments 1599:1608 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1571:1608 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1571:1608 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 7 45 theme dissolved 1242:1250 arg1 substances 1263:1272 dissolved humic-like substances 1242:1272 dissolved humic-like substances 1242:1272 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 9 46 theme warming 1591:1597 arg1 treatments 1599:1608 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1571:1608 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1571:1608 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 1 47 theme soil 215:218 arg1 matter 228:233 the soil organic matter 211:233 the soil organic matter 211:233 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 27774566 1 48 theme matter 228:233 arg1 composition 196:206 the composition 192:206 the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions 192:274 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 27774566 9 49 theme overall 1615:1621 arg1 effects 1623:1629 the overall effects 1611:1629 the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter 1611:1712 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 7 50 theme opposite 1202:1209 arg1 effects 1211:1217 the opposite effects 1198:1217 the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols 1198:1326 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 6 51 theme colloidal 847:855 arg1 carbon 865:870 The colloidal organic carbon 843:870 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) 843:876 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 6 51 theme colloidal 847:855 arg1 COC 873:875 COC 873:875 COC 873:875 The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 7 52 from effects 1211:1217 arg1 compositions 1226:1237 the compositions 1222:1237 the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols 1222:1326 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 7 53 theme fluorescence 1031:1042 arg1 EEM 1072:1074 EEM 1072:1074 EEM 1072:1074 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 7 53 theme fluorescence 1031:1042 arg1 matrix 1064:1069 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix 1027:1069 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) 1027:1075 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 9 54 theme events 1646:1651 arg1 effects 1623:1629 the overall effects 1611:1629 the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter 1611:1712 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 2 55 from 2 °C 336:339 arg1 refrigerator 320:331 a refrigerator 318:331 a refrigerator at 2 °C 318:339 Temperate soil samples were incubated in a refrigerator at 2 °C for 4 weeks and compared with those frozen at -20 °C in the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature. 27774566 7 56 theme warming 1174:1180 arg1 treatments 1182:1191 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1154:1191 treatments 1182:1191 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 3 57 theme freeze-thaw 525:535 arg1 group 537:541 The freeze-thaw group 521:541 The freeze-thaw group 521:541 The freeze-thaw group was compared with those incubated at 25 °C in the last week to investigate a warming effect after thawing. 27774566 2 58 theme soil 287:290 arg1 samples 292:298 Temperate soil samples 277:298 Temperate soil samples 277:298 Temperate soil samples were incubated in a refrigerator at 2 °C for 4 weeks and compared with those frozen at -20 °C in the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature. 27774566 5 59 theme subsequent 769:778 arg1 condition 788:796 The subsequent warming condition 765:796 The subsequent warming condition 765:796 The subsequent warming condition greatly increased both DOC and colloidal Ca. 27774566 2 60 theme thawing 500:506 arg1 temperature 508:518 the thawing temperature 496:518 the thawing temperature 496:518 Temperate soil samples were incubated in a refrigerator at 2 °C for 4 weeks and compared with those frozen at -20 °C in the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature. 27774566 9 61 from effects 1623:1629 arg1 dissolved 1670:1678 dissolved 1670:1678 dissolved 1670:1678 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 9 61 from effects 1623:1629 arg1 matter 1707:1712 colloidal soil organic matter 1684:1712 colloidal soil organic matter 1684:1712 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 9 61 from effects 1623:1629 arg1 nature 1656:1661 nature 1656:1661 nature 1656:1661 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 9 62 from nature 1656:1661 arg1 effects 1623:1629 the overall effects 1611:1629 the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter 1611:1712 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 1 63 from composition 196:206 arg1 fractions 266:274 colloidal fractions 256:274 colloidal fractions 256:274 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 27774566 1 63 from composition 196:206 arg1 the 238:240 the 238:240 the 238:240 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 27774566 9 64 theme soil 1694:1697 arg1 matter 1707:1712 colloidal soil organic matter 1684:1712 colloidal soil organic matter 1684:1712 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 9 65 dep dissolved 1670:1678 arg1 the 1666:1668 the 1666:1668 the 1666:1668 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 7 66 theme alcohols 1319:1326 arg1 compositions 1226:1237 the compositions 1222:1237 the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols 1222:1326 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 2 67 theme minimal 476:482 arg1 effect 484:489 minimal effect 476:489 minimal effect from the thawing temperature 476:518 Temperate soil samples were incubated in a refrigerator at 2 °C for 4 weeks and compared with those frozen at -20 °C in the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature. 27774566 0 68 theme organic 74:80 arg1 matter 82:87 colloidal soil organic matter 59:87 colloidal soil organic matter 59:87 Effects of a controlled freeze-thaw event on dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter. 27774566 8 69 with analysis 1351:1358 arg1 spectra 1408:1414 FT-IR spectra 1402:1414 FT-IR spectra 1402:1414 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 8 69 with analysis 1351:1358 arg1 DOC 1375:1377 DOC 1375:1377 DOC 1375:1377 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 8 69 with analysis 1351:1358 arg1 EEM 1393:1395 fluorescence EEM 1380:1395 fluorescence EEM 1380:1395 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 9 70 theme thawing 1742:1748 arg1 temperature 1750:1760 the thawing temperature 1738:1760 the thawing temperature 1738:1760 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 4 71 theme dissolved 705:713 arg1 DOC 731:733 DOC 731:733 DOC 731:733 Thawing at 2 °C after freezing at -20 °C increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but decreased colloidal Ca. 27774566 4 71 theme dissolved 705:713 arg1 carbon 723:728 the dissolved organic carbon 701:728 the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 701:734 Thawing at 2 °C after freezing at -20 °C increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but decreased colloidal Ca. 27774566 8 72 theme freeze-thaw 1501:1511 arg1 treatments 1525:1534 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1497:1534 treatments 1525:1534 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 8 73 theme warming 1517:1523 arg1 treatments 1525:1534 the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1497:1534 treatments 1525:1534 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 8 74 theme principal 1331:1339 arg1 PCA 1361:1363 PCA 1361:1363 PCA 1361:1363 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 8 74 theme principal 1331:1339 arg1 analysis 1351:1358 A principal component analysis 1329:1358 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra 1329:1414 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 0 75 theme controlled 13:22 arg1 event 36:40 a controlled freeze-thaw event 11:40 a controlled freeze-thaw event 11:40 Effects of a controlled freeze-thaw event on dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter. 27774566 1 76 theme colloidal 256:264 arg1 fractions 266:274 colloidal fractions 256:274 colloidal fractions 256:274 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 27774566 1 77 dep freezing 133:140 arg1 the 129:131 the 129:131 the 129:131 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 27774566 7 78 theme transformation-infrared 1089:1111 arg1 results 1134:1140 Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results 1081:1140 Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results 1081:1140 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 7 79 theme humic-like 1252:1261 arg1 substances 1263:1272 dissolved humic-like substances 1242:1272 dissolved humic-like substances 1242:1272 The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. 27774566 3 80 theme warming 620:626 arg1 effect 628:633 a warming effect 618:633 a warming effect 618:633 The freeze-thaw group was compared with those incubated at 25 °C in the last week to investigate a warming effect after thawing. 27774566 4 81 from 2 °C 661:664 arg1 Thawing 650:656 Thawing 650:656 Thawing at 2 °C after freezing at -20 °C 650:689 Thawing at 2 °C after freezing at -20 °C increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but decreased colloidal Ca. 27774566 9 82 theme treatments 1599:1608 arg1 effects 1560:1566 the contrasting effects 1544:1566 the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments 1544:1608 Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature. 27774566 2 83 from temperature 508:518 arg1 effect 484:489 minimal effect 476:489 minimal effect from the thawing temperature 476:518 Temperate soil samples were incubated in a refrigerator at 2 °C for 4 weeks and compared with those frozen at -20 °C in the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature. 27774566 8 84 theme fluorescence 1380:1391 arg1 EEM 1393:1395 fluorescence EEM 1380:1395 fluorescence EEM 1380:1395 A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. 27774566 1 85 theme organic 220:226 arg1 matter 228:233 the soil organic matter 211:233 the soil organic matter 211:233 This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. 28054382 0 0 theme Aqueous 98:104 arg1 Exfoliation 106:116 Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation 88:116 Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation 88:116 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 28054382 0 1 theme Efficient 88:96 arg1 Exfoliation 106:116 Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation 88:116 Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation 88:116 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 28054382 2 2 theme water-intake 385:396 arg1 capabilities 417:428 the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities 381:428 the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate 381:440 Combined with the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate, biomimetic soft devices are designed with stimuli-responsiveness and actuating properties, capable of serving as a photo-driven motor, a walking robot, and a gripper. 28054382 2 3 theme walking 580:586 arg1 robot 588:592 a walking robot 578:592 a walking robot 578:592 Combined with the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate, biomimetic soft devices are designed with stimuli-responsiveness and actuating properties, capable of serving as a photo-driven motor, a walking robot, and a gripper. 28054382 1 4 theme super 290:294 arg1 properties 307:316 super mechanical properties 290:316 super mechanical properties 290:316 WS2 and marine alginate are perfectly coupled to ensure scalable production of exfoliated WS2 with unprecedented efficiency, further providing super mechanical properties and the photothermal effect to their composites. 28054382 1 5 theme mechanical 296:305 arg1 properties 307:316 super mechanical properties 290:316 super mechanical properties 290:316 WS2 and marine alginate are perfectly coupled to ensure scalable production of exfoliated WS2 with unprecedented efficiency, further providing super mechanical properties and the photothermal effect to their composites. 28054382 0 6 theme Actuating 128:136 arg1 Hybrids 138:144 Smart Actuating Hybrids 122:144 Smart Actuating Hybrids 122:144 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 28054382 2 7 theme biomimetic 443:452 arg1 devices 459:465 biomimetic soft devices 443:465 biomimetic soft devices 443:465 Combined with the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate, biomimetic soft devices are designed with stimuli-responsiveness and actuating properties, capable of serving as a photo-driven motor, a walking robot, and a gripper. 28054382 0 8 theme Smart 122:126 arg1 Hybrids 138:144 Smart Actuating Hybrids 122:144 Smart Actuating Hybrids 122:144 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 28054382 2 9 theme actuating 512:520 arg1 properties 522:531 actuating properties 512:531 actuating properties 512:531 Combined with the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate, biomimetic soft devices are designed with stimuli-responsiveness and actuating properties, capable of serving as a photo-driven motor, a walking robot, and a gripper. 28054382 2 10 theme alginate 433:440 arg1 capabilities 417:428 the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities 381:428 the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate 381:440 Combined with the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate, biomimetic soft devices are designed with stimuli-responsiveness and actuating properties, capable of serving as a photo-driven motor, a walking robot, and a gripper. 28054382 0 11 theme Bioinspired 0:10 arg1 Coupling 12:19 Bioinspired Coupling 0:19 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 0:145 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 28054382 1 12 theme scalable 203:210 arg1 production 212:221 scalable production 203:221 scalable production of exfoliated WS2 203:239 WS2 and marine alginate are perfectly coupled to ensure scalable production of exfoliated WS2 with unprecedented efficiency, further providing super mechanical properties and the photothermal effect to their composites. 28054382 0 13 theme Inorganic 24:32 arg1 Nanomaterials 42:54 Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials 24:54 Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials 24:54 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 28054382 0 14 theme Nanomaterials 42:54 arg1 Coupling 12:19 Bioinspired Coupling 0:19 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 0:145 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 28054382 1 15 theme photothermal 326:337 arg1 effect 339:344 the photothermal effect 322:344 the photothermal effect 322:344 WS2 and marine alginate are perfectly coupled to ensure scalable production of exfoliated WS2 with unprecedented efficiency, further providing super mechanical properties and the photothermal effect to their composites. 28054382 1 16 theme exfoliated 226:235 arg1 WS2 237:239 exfoliated WS2 226:239 exfoliated WS2 226:239 WS2 and marine alginate are perfectly coupled to ensure scalable production of exfoliated WS2 with unprecedented efficiency, further providing super mechanical properties and the photothermal effect to their composites. 28054382 0 17 theme Layered 34:40 arg1 Nanomaterials 42:54 Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials 24:54 Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials 24:54 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 28054382 2 18 theme capable 534:540 arg1 stimuli-responsiveness 485:506 stimuli-responsiveness 485:506 stimuli-responsiveness 485:506 Combined with the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate, biomimetic soft devices are designed with stimuli-responsiveness and actuating properties, capable of serving as a photo-driven motor, a walking robot, and a gripper. 28054382 1 19 theme WS2 237:239 arg1 production 212:221 scalable production 203:221 scalable production of exfoliated WS2 203:239 WS2 and marine alginate are perfectly coupled to ensure scalable production of exfoliated WS2 with unprecedented efficiency, further providing super mechanical properties and the photothermal effect to their composites. 28054382 0 20 theme Marine 61:66 arg1 Polysaccharides 68:82 Marine Polysaccharides 61:82 Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids 61:144 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 28054382 0 21 with Coupling 12:19 arg1 Polysaccharides 68:82 Marine Polysaccharides 61:82 Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids 61:144 Bioinspired Coupling of Inorganic Layered Nanomaterials with Marine Polysaccharides for Efficient Aqueous Exfoliation and Smart Actuating Hybrids. 28054382 1 22 theme unprecedented 246:258 arg1 efficiency 260:269 unprecedented efficiency 246:269 unprecedented efficiency 246:269 WS2 and marine alginate are perfectly coupled to ensure scalable production of exfoliated WS2 with unprecedented efficiency, further providing super mechanical properties and the photothermal effect to their composites. 28054382 2 23 theme photo-driven 558:569 arg1 motor 571:575 a photo-driven motor 556:575 a photo-driven motor 556:575 Combined with the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate, biomimetic soft devices are designed with stimuli-responsiveness and actuating properties, capable of serving as a photo-driven motor, a walking robot, and a gripper. 28054382 2 24 theme soft 454:457 arg1 devices 459:465 biomimetic soft devices 443:465 biomimetic soft devices 443:465 Combined with the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate, biomimetic soft devices are designed with stimuli-responsiveness and actuating properties, capable of serving as a photo-driven motor, a walking robot, and a gripper. 28054382 1 25 theme marine 155:160 arg1 alginate 162:169 marine alginate 155:169 marine alginate 155:169 WS2 and marine alginate are perfectly coupled to ensure scalable production of exfoliated WS2 with unprecedented efficiency, further providing super mechanical properties and the photothermal effect to their composites. 28054382 2 26 theme cation-binding 402:415 arg1 capabilities 417:428 the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities 381:428 the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate 381:440 Combined with the water-intake and cation-binding capabilities of alginate, biomimetic soft devices are designed with stimuli-responsiveness and actuating properties, capable of serving as a photo-driven motor, a walking robot, and a gripper. 29154925 2 0 attach linked 370:375 arg1 disorders 398:406 neurodegenerative disorders 380:406 neurodegenerative disorders like ALS 380:415 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 0 attach linked 370:375 arg2 microdomains 323:334 cholesterol enriched microdomains 302:334 cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane 302:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 0 attach linked 370:375 arg2 rafts 295:299 Lipid rafts 289:299 Lipid rafts 289:299 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 0 attach linked 370:375 arg2 membrane 350:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 6 1 from role 905:908 arg1 functionality 956:968 glutamate receptor functionality 937:968 glutamate receptor functionality 937:968 To study the role of membrane cholesterol on glutamate receptor functionality, we have analysed NMDA and AMPA receptors following cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 29154925 7 2 from dose- 1224:1228 arg1 neurons 1281:1287 ALS neurons 1277:1287 ALS neurons 1277:1287 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 4 3 theme used 594:597 arg1 model 610:614 the widely used G93A mouse model 583:614 the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS 583:621 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 2 4 theme Lipid 289:293 arg1 rafts 295:299 Lipid rafts 289:299 Lipid rafts 289:299 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 4 theme Lipid 289:293 arg1 membrane 350:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 4 theme Lipid 289:293 arg1 microdomains 323:334 cholesterol enriched microdomains 302:334 cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane 302:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 4 5 from content 647:653 arg1 cultures 714:721 Control and G93A cortical cultures 688:721 cultures 714:721 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 1 6 theme unknown 270:276 arg1 aetiology 278:286 unknown aetiology 270:286 unknown aetiology 270:286 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 8 7 theme different 1314:1322 arg1 effect 1329:1334 The different MβCD effect 1310:1334 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents 1310:1358 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 8 7 theme different 1314:1322 arg1 due 1368:1370 due 1368:1370 due 1368:1370 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 2 8 theme neurodegenerative 380:396 arg1 disorders 398:406 neurodegenerative disorders 380:406 neurodegenerative disorders like ALS 380:415 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 7 9 theme chronic 1106:1112 arg1 treatment 1114:1122 MβCD chronic treatment 1101:1122 MβCD chronic treatment 1101:1122 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 0 10 theme Membrane 0:7 arg1 depletion 21:29 Membrane cholesterol depletion 0:29 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons 0:49 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 2 11 theme enriched 314:321 arg1 rafts 295:299 Lipid rafts 289:299 Lipid rafts 289:299 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 11 theme enriched 314:321 arg1 membrane 350:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 11 theme enriched 314:321 arg1 microdomains 323:334 cholesterol enriched microdomains 302:334 cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane 302:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 8 12 theme different 1377:1385 arg1 composition 1413:1423 a different membrane receptor subunit composition 1375:1423 a different membrane receptor subunit composition 1375:1423 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 0 13 theme amyotrophic 118:128 arg1 sclerosis 138:146 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 118:146 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 118:146 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 1 14 theme neurodegenerative 198:214 arg1 Sclerosis 169:177 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 149:177 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) 149:183 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 1 14 theme neurodegenerative 198:214 arg1 disease 216:222 a chronic neurodegenerative disease 188:222 a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons 188:262 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 6 15 theme receptor 947:954 arg1 functionality 956:968 glutamate receptor functionality 937:968 glutamate receptor functionality 937:968 To study the role of membrane cholesterol on glutamate receptor functionality, we have analysed NMDA and AMPA receptors following cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 29154925 0 16 theme sclerosis 138:146 arg1 model 109:113 a mouse model 101:113 a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 101:146 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 7 17 theme currents 1176:1183 arg1 dose- 1224:1228 dose- 1224:1228 dose- 1224:1228 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 7 17 theme currents 1176:1183 arg1 reduction 1151:1159 a significant reduction 1137:1159 a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control 1137:1307 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 9 18 theme MβCD 1515:1518 arg1 effect 1530:1535 MβCD treatment effect 1515:1535 MβCD treatment effect 1515:1535 MβCD treatment effect was receptor-specific since no alterations in the two neuronal populations were detected on AMPA receptors. 29154925 8 19 theme NMDA 1476:1479 arg1 redistribution 1499:1512 a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution 1474:1512 a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution 1474:1512 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 4 20 theme Control 688:694 arg1 cultures 714:721 Control and G93A cortical cultures 688:721 cultures 714:721 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 5 21 contain have 770:773 arg2 currents 806:813 recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents 775:813 recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations 775:889 Moreover, by electrophysiological studies, we have recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations. 29154925 5 21 contain have 770:773 arg1 we 767:768 we 767:768 we 767:768 Moreover, by electrophysiological studies, we have recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations. 29154925 6 22 theme membrane 913:920 arg1 cholesterol 922:932 membrane cholesterol 913:932 membrane cholesterol 913:932 To study the role of membrane cholesterol on glutamate receptor functionality, we have analysed NMDA and AMPA receptors following cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 29154925 8 23 theme membrane 1490:1497 arg1 redistribution 1499:1512 a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution 1474:1512 a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution 1474:1512 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 4 24 theme G93A 700:703 arg1 cultures 714:721 Control and G93A cortical cultures 688:721 cultures 714:721 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 4 25 theme total 658:662 arg1 cholesterol 673:683 total membrane cholesterol 658:683 total membrane cholesterol 658:683 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 0 26 theme NMDA 70:73 arg1 functionality 84:96 altered NMDA receptor functionality 62:96 altered NMDA receptor functionality 62:96 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 1 27 theme Lateral 161:167 arg1 disease 216:222 a chronic neurodegenerative disease 188:222 a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons 188:262 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 1 27 theme Lateral 161:167 arg1 ALS 180:182 ALS 180:182 ALS 180:182 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 1 27 theme Lateral 161:167 arg1 Sclerosis 169:177 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 149:177 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) 149:183 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 6 28 theme AMPA 997:1000 arg1 receptors 1002:1010 NMDA and AMPA receptors 988:1010 NMDA and AMPA receptors 988:1010 To study the role of membrane cholesterol on glutamate receptor functionality, we have analysed NMDA and AMPA receptors following cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 29154925 0 29 from depletion 21:29 arg1 neurons 43:49 cortical neurons 34:49 cortical neurons 34:49 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 4 30 theme cholesterol 673:683 arg1 content 647:653 an equal content 638:653 an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures 638:721 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 8 31 from effect 1329:1334 arg1 currents 1351:1358 NMDA-evoked currents 1339:1358 NMDA-evoked currents 1339:1358 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 6 32 theme NMDA 988:991 arg1 receptors 1002:1010 NMDA and AMPA receptors 988:1010 NMDA and AMPA receptors 988:1010 To study the role of membrane cholesterol on glutamate receptor functionality, we have analysed NMDA and AMPA receptors following cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 29154925 9 33 located detected 1617:1624 arg1 receptors 1634:1642 AMPA receptors 1629:1642 AMPA receptors 1629:1642 MβCD treatment effect was receptor-specific since no alterations in the two neuronal populations were detected on AMPA receptors. 29154925 9 33 located detected 1617:1624 arg2 alterations 1568:1578 no alterations 1565:1578 no alterations in the two neuronal populations 1565:1610 MβCD treatment effect was receptor-specific since no alterations in the two neuronal populations were detected on AMPA receptors. 29154925 10 34 theme proteomic 1695:1703 arg1 composition 1705:1715 an altered proteomic composition 1684:1715 an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts 1684:1730 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 8 35 theme membrane 1387:1394 arg1 composition 1413:1423 a different membrane receptor subunit composition 1375:1423 a different membrane receptor subunit composition 1375:1423 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 3 36 theme subcellular 436:446 arg1 localization 448:459 The NMDA-receptor subcellular localization 418:459 The NMDA-receptor subcellular localization in lipid rafts 418:474 The NMDA-receptor subcellular localization in lipid rafts is known to play many roles, from modulating memory strength to neurotoxicity. 29154925 7 37 theme cellular 1193:1200 arg1 populations 1202:1212 both cellular populations 1188:1212 both cellular populations 1188:1212 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 8 38 theme subunit 1405:1411 arg1 composition 1413:1423 a different membrane receptor subunit composition 1375:1423 a different membrane receptor subunit composition 1375:1423 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 10 39 theme rafts 1726:1730 arg1 composition 1705:1715 an altered proteomic composition 1684:1715 an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts 1684:1730 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 9 40 theme AMPA 1629:1632 arg1 receptors 1634:1642 AMPA receptors 1629:1642 AMPA receptors 1629:1642 MβCD treatment effect was receptor-specific since no alterations in the two neuronal populations were detected on AMPA receptors. 29154925 8 41 theme NMDA-evoked 1339:1349 arg1 currents 1351:1358 NMDA-evoked currents 1339:1358 NMDA-evoked currents 1339:1358 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 7 42 theme NMDA-evoked 1164:1174 arg1 currents 1176:1183 NMDA-evoked currents 1164:1183 NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations 1164:1212 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 0 43 theme cortical 34:41 arg1 neurons 43:49 cortical neurons 34:49 cortical neurons 34:49 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 6 44 theme membrane 1034:1041 arg1 depletion 1043:1051 cholesterol membrane depletion 1022:1051 cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) 1022:1083 To study the role of membrane cholesterol on glutamate receptor functionality, we have analysed NMDA and AMPA receptors following cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 29154925 10 45 theme ALS 1884:1886 arg1 cortices 1888:1895 ALS cortices 1884:1895 ALS cortices 1884:1895 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 2 46 theme membrane 350:357 arg1 rafts 295:299 Lipid rafts 289:299 Lipid rafts 289:299 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 46 theme membrane 350:357 arg1 membrane 350:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 46 theme membrane 350:357 arg1 microdomains 323:334 cholesterol enriched microdomains 302:334 cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane 302:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 5 47 theme recorded 775:782 arg1 currents 806:813 recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents 775:813 recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations 775:889 Moreover, by electrophysiological studies, we have recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations. 29154925 10 48 theme cortical 1735:1742 arg1 neurons 1752:1758 cortical mutated neurons 1735:1758 cortical mutated neurons 1735:1758 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 1 49 theme upper 234:238 arg1 neurons 256:262 upper and lower motor neurons 234:262 upper and lower motor neurons 234:262 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 4 50 theme G93A 599:602 arg1 model 610:614 the widely used G93A mouse model 583:614 the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS 583:621 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 8 51 theme neuronal 1453:1460 arg1 populations 1462:1472 both neuronal populations 1448:1472 both neuronal populations 1448:1472 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 3 52 from localization 448:459 arg1 rafts 470:474 lipid rafts 464:474 lipid rafts 464:474 The NMDA-receptor subcellular localization in lipid rafts is known to play many roles, from modulating memory strength to neurotoxicity. 29154925 3 53 theme memory 521:526 arg1 strength 528:535 memory strength 521:535 memory strength 521:535 The NMDA-receptor subcellular localization in lipid rafts is known to play many roles, from modulating memory strength to neurotoxicity. 29154925 1 54 theme lower 244:248 arg1 neurons 256:262 upper and lower motor neurons 234:262 upper and lower motor neurons 234:262 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 0 55 theme altered 62:68 arg1 functionality 84:96 altered NMDA receptor functionality 62:96 altered NMDA receptor functionality 62:96 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 7 56 from reduction 1151:1159 arg1 populations 1202:1212 both cellular populations 1188:1212 both cellular populations 1188:1212 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 9 57 from alterations 1568:1578 arg1 populations 1600:1610 the two neuronal populations 1583:1610 the two neuronal populations 1583:1610 MβCD treatment effect was receptor-specific since no alterations in the two neuronal populations were detected on AMPA receptors. 29154925 7 58 theme MβCD 1101:1104 arg1 treatment 1114:1122 MβCD chronic treatment 1101:1122 MβCD chronic treatment 1101:1122 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 10 59 theme further 1785:1791 arg1 studies 1793:1799 further studies 1785:1799 further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices 1785:1895 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 4 60 theme equal 641:645 arg1 content 647:653 an equal content 638:653 an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures 638:721 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 0 61 theme lateral 130:136 arg1 sclerosis 138:146 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 118:146 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 118:146 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 2 62 theme cholesterol 302:312 arg1 rafts 295:299 Lipid rafts 289:299 Lipid rafts 289:299 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 62 theme cholesterol 302:312 arg1 membrane 350:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 2 62 theme cholesterol 302:312 arg1 microdomains 323:334 cholesterol enriched microdomains 302:334 cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane 302:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 1 63 theme chronic 190:196 arg1 Sclerosis 169:177 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 149:177 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) 149:183 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 1 63 theme chronic 190:196 arg1 disease 216:222 a chronic neurodegenerative disease 188:222 a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons 188:262 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 10 64 theme rafts 1814:1818 arg1 composition 1820:1830 the lipid rafts composition 1804:1830 the lipid rafts composition 1804:1830 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 10 65 with interaction 1845:1855 arg1 receptors 1871:1879 membrane receptors 1862:1879 membrane receptors in ALS cortices 1862:1895 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 7 66 from populations 1202:1212 arg1 dose- 1224:1228 dose- 1224:1228 dose- 1224:1228 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 7 66 from populations 1202:1212 arg1 reduction 1151:1159 a significant reduction 1137:1159 a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control 1137:1307 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 4 67 theme ALS 619:621 arg1 model 610:614 the widely used G93A mouse model 583:614 the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS 583:621 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 10 68 theme mutated 1744:1750 arg1 neurons 1752:1758 cortical mutated neurons 1735:1758 cortical mutated neurons 1735:1758 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 6 69 theme glutamate 937:945 arg1 functionality 956:968 glutamate receptor functionality 937:968 glutamate receptor functionality 937:968 To study the role of membrane cholesterol on glutamate receptor functionality, we have analysed NMDA and AMPA receptors following cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 29154925 8 70 theme receptor 1481:1488 arg1 redistribution 1499:1512 a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution 1474:1512 a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution 1474:1512 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 9 71 theme treatment 1520:1528 arg1 effect 1530:1535 MβCD treatment effect 1515:1535 MβCD treatment effect 1515:1535 MβCD treatment effect was receptor-specific since no alterations in the two neuronal populations were detected on AMPA receptors. 29154925 6 72 theme cholesterol 922:932 arg1 role 905:908 the role 901:908 the role of membrane cholesterol on glutamate receptor functionality 901:968 To study the role of membrane cholesterol on glutamate receptor functionality, we have analysed NMDA and AMPA receptors following cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 29154925 10 73 theme lipid 1808:1812 arg1 rafts 1814:1818 lipid rafts 1808:1818 the lipid rafts composition 1804:1830 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 6 74 theme cholesterol 1022:1032 arg1 depletion 1043:1051 cholesterol membrane depletion 1022:1051 cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) 1022:1083 To study the role of membrane cholesterol on glutamate receptor functionality, we have analysed NMDA and AMPA receptors following cholesterol membrane depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). 29154925 8 75 theme MβCD 1324:1327 arg1 effect 1329:1334 The different MβCD effect 1310:1334 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents 1310:1358 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 8 75 theme MβCD 1324:1327 arg1 due 1368:1370 due 1368:1370 due 1368:1370 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 0 76 theme receptor 75:82 arg1 functionality 84:96 altered NMDA receptor functionality 62:96 altered NMDA receptor functionality 62:96 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 10 77 theme membrane 1862:1869 arg1 receptors 1871:1879 membrane receptors 1862:1879 membrane receptors in ALS cortices 1862:1895 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 5 78 theme neuronal 870:877 arg1 populations 879:889 the two neuronal populations 862:889 the two neuronal populations 862:889 Moreover, by electrophysiological studies, we have recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations. 29154925 10 79 from studies 1793:1799 arg1 interaction 1845:1855 their interaction 1839:1855 their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices 1839:1895 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 10 79 from studies 1793:1799 arg1 composition 1820:1830 the lipid rafts composition 1804:1830 the lipid rafts composition 1804:1830 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 5 80 theme electrophysiological 737:756 arg1 studies 758:764 electrophysiological studies 737:764 electrophysiological studies 737:764 Moreover, by electrophysiological studies, we have recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations. 29154925 4 81 theme membrane 664:671 arg1 cholesterol 673:683 total membrane cholesterol 658:683 total membrane cholesterol 658:683 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 0 82 theme mouse 103:107 arg1 model 109:113 a mouse model 101:113 a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 101:146 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 7 83 from currents 1176:1183 arg1 populations 1202:1212 both cellular populations 1188:1212 both cellular populations 1188:1212 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 9 84 theme neuronal 1591:1598 arg1 populations 1600:1610 the two neuronal populations 1583:1610 the two neuronal populations 1583:1610 MβCD treatment effect was receptor-specific since no alterations in the two neuronal populations were detected on AMPA receptors. 29154925 3 85 theme lipid 464:468 arg1 rafts 470:474 lipid rafts 464:474 lipid rafts 464:474 The NMDA-receptor subcellular localization in lipid rafts is known to play many roles, from modulating memory strength to neurotoxicity. 29154925 5 86 theme NMDA- 784:788 arg1 currents 806:813 recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents 775:813 recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations 775:889 Moreover, by electrophysiological studies, we have recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations. 29154925 4 87 theme cortical 705:712 arg1 cultures 714:721 Control and G93A cortical cultures 688:721 cultures 714:721 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 5 88 theme AMPA-evoked 794:804 arg1 currents 806:813 recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents 775:813 recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations 775:889 Moreover, by electrophysiological studies, we have recorded NMDA- and AMPA-evoked currents which were not significantly different between the two neuronal populations. 29154925 1 89 with disease 216:222 arg1 aetiology 278:286 unknown aetiology 270:286 unknown aetiology 270:286 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 8 90 theme receptor 1396:1403 arg1 composition 1413:1423 a different membrane receptor subunit composition 1375:1423 a different membrane receptor subunit composition 1375:1423 The different MβCD effect on NMDA-evoked currents was not due to a different membrane receptor subunit composition but seemed to cause in both neuronal populations a NMDA receptor membrane redistribution. 29154925 10 91 theme lipid 1720:1724 arg1 rafts 1726:1730 lipid rafts 1720:1730 lipid rafts 1720:1730 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 10 92 from receptors 1871:1879 arg1 cortices 1888:1895 ALS cortices 1884:1895 ALS cortices 1884:1895 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 3 93 theme NMDA-receptor 422:434 arg1 localization 448:459 The NMDA-receptor subcellular localization 418:459 The NMDA-receptor subcellular localization in lipid rafts 418:474 The NMDA-receptor subcellular localization in lipid rafts is known to play many roles, from modulating memory strength to neurotoxicity. 29154925 7 94 theme significant 1139:1149 arg1 dose- 1224:1228 dose- 1224:1228 dose- 1224:1228 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 7 94 theme significant 1139:1149 arg1 reduction 1151:1159 a significant reduction 1137:1159 a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control 1137:1307 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 2 95 theme plasma 343:348 arg1 membrane 350:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 the plasma membrane 339:357 Lipid rafts, cholesterol enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. 29154925 1 96 theme Amyotrophic 149:159 arg1 disease 216:222 a chronic neurodegenerative disease 188:222 a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons 188:262 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 1 96 theme Amyotrophic 149:159 arg1 ALS 180:182 ALS 180:182 ALS 180:182 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 1 96 theme Amyotrophic 149:159 arg1 Sclerosis 169:177 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 149:177 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) 149:183 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 29154925 4 97 theme mouse 604:608 arg1 model 610:614 the widely used G93A mouse model 583:614 the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS 583:621 In this study, performed on the widely used G93A mouse model of ALS, we have shown an equal content of total membrane cholesterol in Control and G93A cortical cultures. 29154925 3 98 theme many 493:496 arg1 roles 498:502 many roles 493:502 many roles 493:502 The NMDA-receptor subcellular localization in lipid rafts is known to play many roles, from modulating memory strength to neurotoxicity. 29154925 7 99 theme ALS 1277:1279 arg1 neurons 1281:1287 ALS neurons 1277:1287 ALS neurons 1277:1287 Interestingly, MβCD chronic treatment has provoked a significant reduction of NMDA-evoked currents in both cellular populations which was dose- and time-dependent but significantly higher in ALS neurons compared to Control. 29154925 10 100 theme altered 1687:1693 arg1 composition 1705:1715 an altered proteomic composition 1684:1715 an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts 1684:1730 These results lead us to speculate for an altered proteomic composition of lipid rafts in cortical mutated neurons and suggest the need for further studies on the lipid rafts composition and on their interaction with membrane receptors in ALS cortices. 29154925 0 101 theme cholesterol 9:19 arg1 depletion 21:29 Membrane cholesterol depletion 0:29 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons 0:49 Membrane cholesterol depletion in cortical neurons highlights altered NMDA receptor functionality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 29154925 1 102 theme motor 250:254 arg1 neurons 256:262 upper and lower motor neurons 234:262 upper and lower motor neurons 234:262 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, with unknown aetiology. 25854762 6 0 theme chemical 1017:1024 arg1 composition 1026:1036 The chemical composition 1013:1036 The chemical composition of S. marina 1013:1049 The chemical composition of S. marina was evaluated by FT-IR analysis of the extract indicating the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. 25854762 1 1 theme anti-inflammatory 150:166 arg1 nutraceuticals 168:181 antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals 134:181 antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals 134:181 As a part of ongoing research to develop antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, an ethanolic extract of Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 4 2 theme mouse 544:548 arg1 macrophages 550:560 mouse macrophages 544:560 mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides 544:591 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 5 3 theme inducible 915:923 arg1 iNOS 948:951 iNOS 948:951 iNOS 948:951 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 5 3 theme inducible 915:923 arg1 synthase 938:945 inducible nitric oxide synthase 915:945 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 915:952 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 5 3 theme inducible 915:923 arg1 modulators 903:912 the inflammatory modulators 886:912 the inflammatory modulators 886:912 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 6 4 theme extract 1090:1096 arg1 analysis 1074:1081 FT-IR analysis 1068:1081 FT-IR analysis of the extract indicating the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids 1068:1150 The chemical composition of S. marina was evaluated by FT-IR analysis of the extract indicating the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. 25854762 4 5 from Inflammation 528:539 arg1 macrophages 550:560 mouse macrophages 544:560 mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides 544:591 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 5 6 theme modulators 903:912 arg1 expression 872:881 the expression 868:881 the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 868:982 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 7 7 theme novel 1196:1200 arg1 marina 1171:1176 S. marina 1168:1176 S. marina 1168:1176 In conclusion, S. marina is suggested as a novel source for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. 25854762 7 7 theme novel 1196:1200 arg1 source 1202:1207 a novel source 1194:1207 a novel source for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents 1194:1252 In conclusion, S. marina is suggested as a novel source for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. 25854762 3 8 from hydroxyl 381:388 arg1 environments 443:454 cell-free environments 433:454 cell-free environments 433:454 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 3 8 from hydroxyl 381:388 arg1 macrophages 515:525 H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 493:525 H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 493:525 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 4 9 dep factor-α 740:747 arg1 i.e. 719:722 i.e. 719:722 i.e. 719:722 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 3 10 theme mouse 509:513 arg1 macrophages 515:525 H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 493:525 H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 493:525 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 4 11 theme generation 666:675 arg1 measurement 638:648 the measurement 634:648 the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 634:785 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 6 12 theme FT-IR 1068:1072 arg1 analysis 1074:1081 FT-IR analysis 1068:1081 FT-IR analysis of the extract indicating the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids 1068:1150 The chemical composition of S. marina was evaluated by FT-IR analysis of the extract indicating the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. 25854762 4 13 theme cytokines 708:716 arg1 expression 681:690 expression 681:690 expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 681:785 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 4 13 theme cytokines 708:716 arg1 generation 666:675 nitric oxide generation 653:675 nitric oxide generation 653:675 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 3 14 theme DPPH 374:377 arg1 hydroxyl 381:388 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals 343:413 hydroxyl 381:388 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 3 15 theme superoxide 395:404 arg1 radicals 406:413 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals 343:413 radicals 406:413 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 4 16 theme inflammatory 695:706 arg1 cytokines 708:716 inflammatory cytokines 695:716 inflammatory cytokines 695:716 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 1 17 theme ethanolic 187:195 arg1 extract 197:203 an ethanolic extract 184:203 an ethanolic extract of Spergularia marina Griseb 184:232 As a part of ongoing research to develop antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, an ethanolic extract of Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 0 18 theme Radical 0:6 arg1 scavenging 8:17 Radical scavenging 0:17 Radical scavenging 0:17 Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects of the halophyte Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 0 19 dep Griseb 85:90 arg1 scavenging 8:17 Radical scavenging 0:17 Radical scavenging 0:17 Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects of the halophyte Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 0 19 dep Griseb 85:90 arg1 effects 41:47 anti-inflammatory effects 23:47 anti-inflammatory effects 23:47 Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects of the halophyte Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 3 20 theme cell-free 433:441 arg1 environments 443:454 cell-free environments 433:454 cell-free environments 433:454 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 0 21 theme anti-inflammatory 23:39 arg1 effects 41:47 anti-inflammatory effects 23:47 anti-inflammatory effects 23:47 Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects of the halophyte Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 5 22 theme marina 823:828 arg1 effect 810:815 The anti-inflammatory effect 788:815 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina 788:828 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 3 23 theme intracellular 467:479 arg1 radicals 481:488 intracellular radicals 467:488 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 343:525 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 6 24 theme flavonoids 1141:1150 arg1 presence 1113:1120 the presence 1109:1120 the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids 1109:1150 The chemical composition of S. marina was evaluated by FT-IR analysis of the extract indicating the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. 25854762 4 25 theme necrosis 731:738 arg1 factor-α 740:747 tumour necrosis factor-α 724:747 tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) 724:754 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 4 25 theme necrosis 731:738 arg1 TNFα 750:753 TNFα 750:753 TNFα 750:753 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 5 26 theme oxide 932:936 arg1 iNOS 948:951 iNOS 948:951 iNOS 948:951 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 5 26 theme oxide 932:936 arg1 synthase 938:945 inducible nitric oxide synthase 915:945 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 915:952 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 5 26 theme oxide 932:936 arg1 modulators 903:912 the inflammatory modulators 886:912 the inflammatory modulators 886:912 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 6 27 theme polyphenols 1125:1135 arg1 presence 1113:1120 the presence 1109:1120 the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids 1109:1150 The chemical composition of S. marina was evaluated by FT-IR analysis of the extract indicating the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. 25854762 6 28 theme marina 1044:1049 arg1 composition 1026:1036 The chemical composition 1013:1036 The chemical composition of S. marina 1013:1049 The chemical composition of S. marina was evaluated by FT-IR analysis of the extract indicating the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. 25854762 5 29 theme anti-inflammatory 792:808 arg1 effect 810:815 The anti-inflammatory effect 788:815 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina 788:828 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 1 30 dep extract 197:203 arg1 part 98:101 a part 96:101 a part of ongoing research to develop antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals 96:181 As a part of ongoing research to develop antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, an ethanolic extract of Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 1 31 theme Griseb 227:232 arg1 extract 197:203 an ethanolic extract 184:203 an ethanolic extract of Spergularia marina Griseb 184:232 As a part of ongoing research to develop antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, an ethanolic extract of Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 0 32 theme halophyte 56:64 arg1 scavenging 8:17 Radical scavenging 0:17 Radical scavenging 0:17 Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects of the halophyte Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 0 32 theme halophyte 56:64 arg1 effects 41:47 anti-inflammatory effects 23:47 anti-inflammatory effects 23:47 Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects of the halophyte Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 5 33 theme inflammatory 890:901 arg1 cyclooxygenase-2 958:973 cyclooxygenase-2 958:973 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 958:981 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 5 33 theme inflammatory 890:901 arg1 synthase 938:945 inducible nitric oxide synthase 915:945 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 915:952 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 5 33 theme inflammatory 890:901 arg1 modulators 903:912 the inflammatory modulators 886:912 the inflammatory modulators 886:912 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 1 34 theme ongoing 106:112 arg1 research 114:121 ongoing research 106:121 ongoing research 106:121 As a part of ongoing research to develop antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, an ethanolic extract of Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 1 35 theme research 114:121 arg1 part 98:101 a part 96:101 a part of ongoing research to develop antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals 96:181 As a part of ongoing research to develop antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, an ethanolic extract of Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 3 36 from radicals 481:488 arg1 environments 443:454 cell-free environments 433:454 cell-free environments 433:454 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 3 36 from radicals 481:488 arg1 macrophages 515:525 H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 493:525 H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 493:525 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 4 37 theme interleukin 757:767 arg1 IL 770:771 interleukin (IL)-1β 757:775 interleukin (IL)-1β 757:775 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 5 38 theme nitric 925:930 arg1 iNOS 948:951 iNOS 948:951 iNOS 948:951 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 5 38 theme nitric 925:930 arg1 synthase 938:945 inducible nitric oxide synthase 915:945 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 915:952 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 5 38 theme nitric 925:930 arg1 modulators 903:912 the inflammatory modulators 886:912 the inflammatory modulators 886:912 The anti-inflammatory effect of S. marina was substantiated by the finding that the expression of the inflammatory modulators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly decreased. 25854762 3 39 theme H2O2-stimulated 493:507 arg1 macrophages 515:525 H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 493:525 H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 493:525 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 7 40 theme antioxidant 1213:1223 arg1 agents 1247:1252 antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents 1213:1252 antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents 1213:1252 In conclusion, S. marina is suggested as a novel source for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. 25854762 4 41 theme expression 681:690 arg1 measurement 638:648 the measurement 634:648 the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 634:785 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 1 42 theme antioxidant 134:144 arg1 nutraceuticals 168:181 antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals 134:181 antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals 134:181 As a part of ongoing research to develop antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, an ethanolic extract of Spergularia marina Griseb. 25854762 4 43 theme oxide 660:664 arg1 generation 666:675 nitric oxide generation 653:675 nitric oxide generation 653:675 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 3 44 theme 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 343:371 arg1 hydroxyl 381:388 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals 343:413 hydroxyl 381:388 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 3 45 from radicals 406:413 arg1 environments 443:454 cell-free environments 433:454 cell-free environments 433:454 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 3 45 from radicals 406:413 arg1 macrophages 515:525 H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 493:525 H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages 493:525 The extract was able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, respectively, in cell-free environments as well as intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. 25854762 4 46 theme tumour 724:729 arg1 factor-α 740:747 tumour necrosis factor-α 724:747 tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) 724:754 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 4 46 theme tumour 724:729 arg1 TNFα 750:753 TNFα 750:753 TNFα 750:753 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 25854762 7 47 theme anti-inflammatory 1229:1245 arg1 agents 1247:1252 antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents 1213:1252 antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents 1213:1252 In conclusion, S. marina is suggested as a novel source for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. 25854762 4 48 theme nitric 653:658 arg1 oxide 660:664 nitric oxide 653:664 nitric oxide generation 653:675 Inflammation in mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides was suppressed by S. marina according to the measurement of nitric oxide generation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 29263297 7 0 theme normal 1273:1278 arg1 matrix 1285:1290 the normal lung matrix 1269:1290 the normal lung matrix 1269:1290 PC activated with TGF-β1 remodel the normal lung matrix, increasing tissue stiffness to facilitate the emergence of α-SMA+ PC via MKL-1/MTRFA mechanotranduction. 29263297 2 1 theme curative 350:357 arg1 therapies 359:367 curative therapies 350:367 curative therapies 350:367 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts has hindered curative therapies. 29263297 6 2 theme matrix 1216:1221 arg1 composition 1223:1233 matrix composition 1216:1233 matrix composition 1216:1233 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 2 3 theme α-smooth 281:288 arg1 myofibroblasts 322:335 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 281:335 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 281:335 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts has hindered curative therapies. 29263297 6 4 theme independent 1201:1211 arg1 manner 1194:1199 a mechanosensitive manner 1175:1199 a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition 1175:1233 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 4 5 theme PC 683:684 arg1 antigen 706:712 the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 679:714 the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung 679:736 Here, we demonstrate enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung. 29263297 2 6 theme origin 271:276 arg1 understanding 250:262 Poor understanding 245:262 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 245:335 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts has hindered curative therapies. 29263297 1 7 theme etiology 154:161 arg1 disease 135:141 a fatal disease 127:141 a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix 127:242 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 1 7 theme etiology 154:161 arg1 fibrosis 109:116 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 88:116 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) 88:122 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 6 8 theme mechanosensitive 1177:1192 arg1 manner 1194:1199 a mechanosensitive manner 1175:1199 a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition 1175:1233 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 4 9 theme neural/glial 693:704 arg1 antigen 706:712 the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 679:714 the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung 679:736 Here, we demonstrate enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung. 29263297 2 10 theme α-SMA 304:308 arg1 myofibroblasts 322:335 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 281:335 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 281:335 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts has hindered curative therapies. 29263297 4 11 theme α-SMA+ 653:658 arg1 cells 660:664 α-SMA+ cells 653:664 α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung 653:736 Here, we demonstrate enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung. 29263297 2 12 theme actin 297:301 arg1 myofibroblasts 322:335 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 281:335 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 281:335 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts has hindered curative therapies. 29263297 7 13 theme PC 1359:1360 arg1 emergence 1339:1347 the emergence 1335:1347 the emergence of α-SMA+ PC via MKL-1/MTRFA mechanotranduction 1335:1395 PC activated with TGF-β1 remodel the normal lung matrix, increasing tissue stiffness to facilitate the emergence of α-SMA+ PC via MKL-1/MTRFA mechanotranduction. 29263297 9 14 contain has 1832:1834 arg1 therapy 1819:1825 a commonly used antifibrotic therapy 1790:1825 a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease 1790:1868 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 9 14 contain has 1832:1834 arg2 relevance 1842:1850 great relevance 1836:1850 great relevance for human disease 1836:1868 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 5 15 theme phenotypic 868:877 arg1 transition 879:888 phenotypic transition 868:888 phenotypic transition 868:888 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 8 16 theme lung 1507:1510 arg1 matrices 1512:1519 fibrotic lung matrices 1498:1519 fibrotic lung matrices 1498:1519 Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment, restores the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype. 29263297 4 17 theme IPF 729:731 arg1 lung 733:736 the human IPF lung 719:736 the human IPF lung 719:736 Here, we demonstrate enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung. 29263297 6 18 theme tunable 1045:1051 arg1 properties 1064:1073 tunable mechanical properties 1045:1073 tunable mechanical properties 1045:1073 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 9 19 theme role 1598:1601 arg1 understanding 1577:1589 our understanding 1573:1589 our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF 1573:1652 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 5 20 theme decellularized 769:782 arg1 matrices 793:800 decellularized IPF lung matrices 769:800 decellularized IPF lung matrices 769:800 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 2 21 theme Poor 245:248 arg1 understanding 250:262 Poor understanding 245:262 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 245:335 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts has hindered curative therapies. 29263297 1 22 theme fatal 129:133 arg1 disease 135:141 a fatal disease 127:141 a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix 127:242 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 1 22 theme fatal 129:133 arg1 fibrosis 109:116 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 88:116 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) 88:122 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 9 23 theme action 1779:1784 arg1 mode 1771:1774 a potentially novel mode 1751:1774 a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease 1751:1868 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 0 24 theme IPF 78:80 arg1 lung 82:85 the IPF lung 74:85 the IPF lung 74:85 Human pericytes adopt myofibroblast properties in the microenvironment of the IPF lung. 29263297 6 25 theme human 1008:1012 arg1 hydrogels 1030:1038 potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels 990:1038 potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties 990:1073 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 5 26 theme human 748:752 arg1 PC 754:755 Isolated human PC 739:755 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices 739:800 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 5 27 theme lung 978:981 arg1 matrix 943:948 the extracellular matrix 925:948 the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung 925:981 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 5 27 theme lung 978:981 arg1 ECM 951:953 ECM 951:953 ECM 951:953 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 9 28 theme used 1801:1804 arg1 therapy 1819:1825 a commonly used antifibrotic therapy 1790:1825 a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease 1790:1868 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 9 29 theme microvascular 1608:1620 arg1 PC 1622:1623 microvascular PC 1608:1623 microvascular PC 1608:1623 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 7 30 theme MKL-1/MTRFA 1366:1376 arg1 mechanotranduction 1378:1395 MKL-1/MTRFA mechanotranduction 1366:1395 MKL-1/MTRFA mechanotranduction 1366:1395 PC activated with TGF-β1 remodel the normal lung matrix, increasing tissue stiffness to facilitate the emergence of α-SMA+ PC via MKL-1/MTRFA mechanotranduction. 29263297 8 31 theme tyrosine-kinase 1412:1426 arg1 Nintedanib 1398:1407 Nintedanib 1398:1407 Nintedanib 1398:1407 Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment, restores the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype. 29263297 8 31 theme tyrosine-kinase 1412:1426 arg1 inhibitor 1428:1436 a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor 1410:1436 a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment 1410:1463 Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment, restores the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype. 29263297 0 32 theme Human 0:4 arg1 pericytes 6:14 Human pericytes 0:14 Human pericytes 0:14 Human pericytes adopt myofibroblast properties in the microenvironment of the IPF lung. 29263297 1 33 theme Idiopathic 88:97 arg1 disease 135:141 a fatal disease 127:141 a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix 127:242 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 1 33 theme Idiopathic 88:97 arg1 IPF 119:121 IPF 119:121 IPF 119:121 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 1 33 theme Idiopathic 88:97 arg1 fibrosis 109:116 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 88:116 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) 88:122 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 6 34 theme PC 1089:1090 arg1 responses 1092:1100 PC responses 1089:1100 PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness 1089:1136 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 8 35 theme approved 1438:1445 arg1 Nintedanib 1398:1407 Nintedanib 1398:1407 Nintedanib 1398:1407 Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment, restores the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype. 29263297 8 35 theme approved 1438:1445 arg1 inhibitor 1428:1436 a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor 1410:1436 a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment 1410:1463 Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment, restores the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype. 29263297 9 36 dep ex 1684:1685 arg1 vivo 1687:1690 vivo 1687:1690 vivo 1687:1690 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 5 37 theme fibrotic 963:970 arg1 lung 978:981 the fibrotic human lung 959:981 the fibrotic human lung 959:981 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 8 38 theme IPF 1451:1453 arg1 treatment 1455:1463 IPF treatment 1451:1463 IPF treatment 1451:1463 Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment, restores the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype. 29263297 3 39 theme microvascular 456:468 arg1 pericytes 470:478 microvascular pericytes 456:478 microvascular pericytes (PC) 456:483 Though proposed as a source of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues, identification of microvascular pericytes (PC) as contributors to α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF and the mechanisms driving this accumulation remain unexplored. 29263297 3 39 theme microvascular 456:468 arg1 PC 481:482 PC 481:482 PC 481:482 Though proposed as a source of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues, identification of microvascular pericytes (PC) as contributors to α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF and the mechanisms driving this accumulation remain unexplored. 29263297 9 40 theme human 1856:1860 arg1 disease 1862:1868 human disease 1856:1868 human disease 1856:1868 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 6 41 theme α-SMA+ 1151:1156 arg1 PC 1158:1159 α-SMA+ PC 1151:1159 α-SMA+ PC 1151:1159 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 2 42 theme myofibroblasts 322:335 arg1 origin 271:276 the origin 267:276 the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 267:335 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts has hindered curative therapies. 29263297 1 43 theme altered 215:221 arg1 matrix 237:242 a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix 180:242 a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix 180:242 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 7 44 theme tissue 1304:1309 arg1 stiffness 1311:1319 tissue stiffness 1304:1319 tissue stiffness 1304:1319 PC activated with TGF-β1 remodel the normal lung matrix, increasing tissue stiffness to facilitate the emergence of α-SMA+ PC via MKL-1/MTRFA mechanotranduction. 29263297 4 45 theme enhanced 631:638 arg1 detection 640:648 enhanced detection 631:648 enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung 631:736 Here, we demonstrate enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung. 29263297 5 46 theme IPF 784:786 arg1 matrices 793:800 decellularized IPF lung matrices 769:800 decellularized IPF lung matrices 769:800 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 3 47 theme α-SMA-expressing 504:519 arg1 populations 521:531 α-SMA-expressing populations 504:531 α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF 504:544 Though proposed as a source of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues, identification of microvascular pericytes (PC) as contributors to α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF and the mechanisms driving this accumulation remain unexplored. 29263297 9 48 theme ex 1684:1685 arg1 platform 1692:1699 an ex vivo platform 1681:1699 an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis 1681:1735 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 7 49 theme lung 1280:1283 arg1 matrix 1285:1290 the normal lung matrix 1269:1290 the normal lung matrix 1269:1290 PC activated with TGF-β1 remodel the normal lung matrix, increasing tissue stiffness to facilitate the emergence of α-SMA+ PC via MKL-1/MTRFA mechanotranduction. 29263297 3 50 from populations 521:531 arg1 IPF 542:544 human IPF 536:544 human IPF 536:544 Though proposed as a source of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues, identification of microvascular pericytes (PC) as contributors to α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF and the mechanisms driving this accumulation remain unexplored. 29263297 2 51 theme muscle 290:295 arg1 myofibroblasts 322:335 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 281:335 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 281:335 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts has hindered curative therapies. 29263297 4 52 from antigen 706:712 arg1 lung 733:736 the human IPF lung 719:736 the human IPF lung 719:736 Here, we demonstrate enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung. 29263297 9 53 theme platform 1692:1699 arg1 creation 1669:1676 the creation 1665:1676 the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis 1665:1735 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 1 54 theme unknown 146:152 arg1 etiology 154:161 unknown etiology 146:161 unknown etiology 146:161 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 5 55 theme lung 788:791 arg1 matrices 793:800 decellularized IPF lung matrices 769:800 decellularized IPF lung matrices 769:800 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 4 56 theme marker 686:691 arg1 antigen 706:712 the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 679:714 the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung 679:736 Here, we demonstrate enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung. 29263297 9 57 theme fibrosis 1728:1735 arg1 study 1719:1723 the study 1715:1723 the study of fibrosis 1715:1735 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 8 58 theme fibrotic 1498:1505 arg1 matrices 1512:1519 fibrotic lung matrices 1498:1519 fibrotic lung matrices 1498:1519 Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment, restores the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype. 29263297 8 59 theme matrices 1512:1519 arg1 modulus 1487:1493 the elastic modulus 1475:1493 the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype 1475:1551 Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment, restores the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype. 29263297 6 60 with hydrogels 1030:1038 arg1 properties 1064:1073 tunable mechanical properties 1045:1073 tunable mechanical properties 1045:1073 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 4 61 theme cells 660:664 arg1 detection 640:648 enhanced detection 631:648 enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung 631:736 Here, we demonstrate enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung. 29263297 5 62 theme extracellular 929:941 arg1 matrix 943:948 the extracellular matrix 925:948 the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung 925:981 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 5 62 theme extracellular 929:941 arg1 ECM 951:953 ECM 951:953 ECM 951:953 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 4 63 theme human 723:727 arg1 lung 733:736 the human IPF lung 719:736 the human IPF lung 719:736 Here, we demonstrate enhanced detection of α-SMA+ cells coexpressing the PC marker neural/glial antigen 2 in the human IPF lung. 29263297 6 64 theme mechanical 1053:1062 arg1 properties 1064:1073 tunable mechanical properties 1045:1073 tunable mechanical properties 1045:1073 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 9 65 theme novel 1765:1769 arg1 mode 1771:1774 a potentially novel mode 1751:1774 a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease 1751:1868 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 8 66 theme α-SMA+ 1536:1541 arg1 phenotype 1543:1551 the α-SMA+ phenotype 1532:1551 the α-SMA+ phenotype 1532:1551 Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment, restores the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype. 29263297 5 67 theme direct 905:910 arg1 contact 912:918 direct contact 905:918 direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung 905:981 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 6 68 theme composition 1223:1233 arg1 independent 1201:1211 independent 1201:1211 independent 1201:1211 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 0 69 theme lung 82:85 arg1 microenvironment 54:69 the microenvironment 50:69 the microenvironment of the IPF lung 50:85 Human pericytes adopt myofibroblast properties in the microenvironment of the IPF lung. 29263297 6 70 theme lung-conjugated 1014:1028 arg1 hydrogels 1030:1038 potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels 990:1038 potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties 990:1073 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 5 71 theme Isolated 739:746 arg1 PC 754:755 Isolated human PC 739:755 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices 739:800 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 5 72 theme human 972:976 arg1 lung 978:981 the fibrotic human lung 959:981 the fibrotic human lung 959:981 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 6 73 theme novel 1002:1006 arg1 hydrogels 1030:1038 potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels 990:1038 potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties 990:1073 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 5 74 with contact 912:918 arg1 matrix 943:948 the extracellular matrix 925:948 the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung 925:981 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 5 74 with contact 912:918 arg1 ECM 951:953 ECM 951:953 ECM 951:953 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 6 75 theme matrix 1105:1110 arg1 composition 1112:1122 matrix composition 1105:1122 matrix composition 1105:1122 Using potentially novel human lung-conjugated hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, we decoupled PC responses to matrix composition and stiffness to show that α-SMA+ PC accumulate in a mechanosensitive manner independent of matrix composition. 29263297 9 76 theme antifibrotic 1806:1817 arg1 therapy 1819:1825 a commonly used antifibrotic therapy 1790:1825 a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease 1790:1868 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 5 77 theme α-SMA 822:826 arg1 expression 808:817 expression 808:817 expression of α-SMA 808:826 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 3 78 from source 391:396 arg1 tissues 429:435 mammalian tissues 419:435 mammalian tissues 419:435 Though proposed as a source of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues, identification of microvascular pericytes (PC) as contributors to α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF and the mechanisms driving this accumulation remain unexplored. 29263297 7 79 theme α-SMA+ 1352:1357 arg1 PC 1359:1360 α-SMA+ PC 1352:1360 α-SMA+ PC via MKL-1/MTRFA mechanotranduction 1352:1395 PC activated with TGF-β1 remodel the normal lung matrix, increasing tissue stiffness to facilitate the emergence of α-SMA+ PC via MKL-1/MTRFA mechanotranduction. 29263297 0 80 theme myofibroblast 22:34 arg1 properties 36:45 myofibroblast properties 22:45 myofibroblast properties 22:45 Human pericytes adopt myofibroblast properties in the microenvironment of the IPF lung. 29263297 1 81 theme pulmonary 99:107 arg1 disease 135:141 a fatal disease 127:141 a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix 127:242 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 1 81 theme pulmonary 99:107 arg1 IPF 119:121 IPF 119:121 IPF 119:121 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 1 81 theme pulmonary 99:107 arg1 fibrosis 109:116 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 88:116 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) 88:122 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 9 82 theme great 1836:1840 arg1 relevance 1842:1850 great relevance 1836:1850 great relevance for human disease 1836:1868 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 5 83 dep contact 912:918 arg1 response 893:900 response 893:900 response 893:900 Isolated human PC cultured on decellularized IPF lung matrices adopt expression of α-SMA, demonstrating that these cells undergo phenotypic transition in response to direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fibrotic human lung. 29263297 3 84 theme mammalian 419:427 arg1 tissues 429:435 mammalian tissues 419:435 mammalian tissues 419:435 Though proposed as a source of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues, identification of microvascular pericytes (PC) as contributors to α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF and the mechanisms driving this accumulation remain unexplored. 29263297 3 85 theme pericytes 470:478 arg1 identification 438:451 identification 438:451 identification of microvascular pericytes (PC) as contributors to α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF and the mechanisms driving this accumulation 438:589 Though proposed as a source of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues, identification of microvascular pericytes (PC) as contributors to α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF and the mechanisms driving this accumulation remain unexplored. 29263297 9 86 theme IPF 1650:1652 arg1 evolution 1637:1645 the evolution 1633:1645 the evolution of IPF 1633:1652 This work furthers our understanding of the role that microvascular PC play in the evolution of IPF, describes the creation of an ex vivo platform that advances the study of fibrosis, and presents a potentially novel mode of action for a commonly used antifibrotic therapy that has great relevance for human disease. 29263297 3 87 theme myofibroblasts 401:414 arg1 source 391:396 a source 389:396 a source of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues 389:435 Though proposed as a source of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues, identification of microvascular pericytes (PC) as contributors to α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF and the mechanisms driving this accumulation remain unexplored. 29263297 2 88 theme expressing 311:320 arg1 myofibroblasts 322:335 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 281:335 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts 281:335 Poor understanding of the origin of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts has hindered curative therapies. 29263297 1 89 theme extracellular 223:235 arg1 matrix 237:242 a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix 180:242 a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix 180:242 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology characterized by a compositionally and mechanically altered extracellular matrix. 29263297 8 90 theme elastic 1479:1485 arg1 modulus 1487:1493 the elastic modulus 1475:1493 the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype 1475:1551 Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for IPF treatment, restores the elastic modulus of fibrotic lung matrices to reverse the α-SMA+ phenotype. 29263297 3 91 theme human 536:540 arg1 IPF 542:544 human IPF 536:544 human IPF 536:544 Though proposed as a source of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues, identification of microvascular pericytes (PC) as contributors to α-SMA-expressing populations in human IPF and the mechanisms driving this accumulation remain unexplored. 27896599 13 0 theme different 1577:1585 arg1 composition 1593:1603 a different phase composition 1575:1603 a different phase composition 1575:1603 Taken together, the results show that thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability are associated with different monocyte responses. 27896599 7 1 theme pro-inflammatory 903:918 arg1 TNF-α 930:934 TNF-α 930:934 TNF-α 930:934 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 7 1 theme pro-inflammatory 903:918 arg1 cytokine 920:927 pro-inflammatory cytokine 903:927 pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) 903:935 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 4 2 theme machined 536:543 arg1 surface 545:551 a machined surface 534:551 a machined surface 534:551 Human mononuclear cells were cultured on titanium discs with a machined surface or with a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating. 27896599 8 3 theme Crystalline 976:986 arg1 HA 988:989 Crystalline HA 976:989 Crystalline HA 976:989 Crystalline HA revealed a smooth surface, whereas the amorphous HA displayed a porous structure, at nano-scale, and a hydrophobic surface. 27896599 13 4 theme monocyte 1673:1680 arg1 responses 1682:1690 different monocyte responses 1663:1690 different monocyte responses 1663:1690 Taken together, the results show that thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability are associated with different monocyte responses. 27896599 7 5 dep factors 948:954 arg1 factors 948:954 growth factors 941:954 growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1) 941:973 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 7 5 dep factors 948:954 arg1 TGF-β1 967:972 TGF-β1 967:972 TGF-β1 967:972 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 7 5 dep factors 948:954 arg1 BMP-2 957:961 BMP-2 957:961 BMP-2 957:961 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 4 6 theme amorphous 577:585 arg1 coating 605:611 a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating 561:611 a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating 561:611 Human mononuclear cells were cultured on titanium discs with a machined surface or with a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating. 27896599 12 7 theme significant 1409:1419 arg1 increase 1421:1428 a significant increase 1407:1428 a significant increase in TNF-α in all groups 1407:1451 The addition of LPS resulted in a significant increase in TNF-α in all groups, whereas TGF-β1 was not affected. 27896599 13 8 theme different 1663:1671 arg1 responses 1682:1690 different monocyte responses 1663:1690 different monocyte responses 1663:1690 Taken together, the results show that thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability are associated with different monocyte responses. 27896599 9 9 theme adherent 1160:1167 arg1 cells 1169:1173 adherent cells 1160:1173 adherent cells 1160:1173 Higher TNF-α secretion and a higher ratio of adherent cells were demonstrated for the amorphous HA compared with the crystalline HA. 27896599 13 10 theme HA 1530:1531 arg1 coatings 1533:1540 thin HA coatings 1525:1540 thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability 1525:1641 Taken together, the results show that thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability are associated with different monocyte responses. 27896599 4 11 theme HA 602:603 arg1 coating 605:611 a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating 561:611 a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating 561:611 Human mononuclear cells were cultured on titanium discs with a machined surface or with a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating. 27896599 3 12 theme inflammatory 379:390 arg1 response 397:404 the inflammatory cell response 375:404 the inflammatory cell response to titanium implants with either amorphous or crystalline thin HA 375:470 This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory cell response to titanium implants with either amorphous or crystalline thin HA. 27896599 10 13 located detected 1269:1276 arg1 groups 1285:1290 all groups 1281:1290 all groups 1281:1290 TGF-β1 secretion was detected in all groups, but without any difference. 27896599 10 13 located detected 1269:1276 arg2 secretion 1255:1263 TGF-β1 secretion 1248:1263 TGF-β1 secretion 1248:1263 TGF-β1 secretion was detected in all groups, but without any difference. 27896599 8 14 theme amorphous 1030:1038 arg1 HA 1040:1041 the amorphous HA 1026:1041 the amorphous HA 1026:1041 Crystalline HA revealed a smooth surface, whereas the amorphous HA displayed a porous structure, at nano-scale, and a hydrophobic surface. 27896599 9 15 theme cells 1169:1173 arg1 secretion 1128:1136 Higher TNF-α secretion 1115:1136 Higher TNF-α secretion 1115:1136 Higher TNF-α secretion and a higher ratio of adherent cells were demonstrated for the amorphous HA compared with the crystalline HA. 27896599 9 15 theme cells 1169:1173 arg1 ratio 1151:1155 a higher ratio 1142:1155 a higher ratio of adherent cells 1142:1173 Higher TNF-α secretion and a higher ratio of adherent cells were demonstrated for the amorphous HA compared with the crystalline HA. 27896599 7 16 theme cells 876:880 arg1 percentage 845:854 the percentage 841:854 the percentage of implant-adherent cells 841:880 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 7 16 theme cells 876:880 arg1 secretion 890:898 the secretion 886:898 the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1) 886:973 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 4 17 theme crystalline 590:600 arg1 coating 605:611 a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating 561:611 a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating 561:611 Human mononuclear cells were cultured on titanium discs with a machined surface or with a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating. 27896599 3 18 dep amorphous 439:447 arg1 HA 469:470 thin HA 464:470 thin HA 464:470 This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory cell response to titanium implants with either amorphous or crystalline thin HA. 27896599 2 19 theme biological 285:294 arg1 processes 296:304 the biological processes 281:304 the biological processes involved in the HA-induced response 281:340 However, there is insufficient information about the biological processes involved in the HA-induced response. 27896599 7 20 theme Biological 812:821 arg1 analyses 823:830 Biological analyses 812:830 Biological analyses 812:830 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 3 21 theme thin 464:467 arg1 HA 469:470 thin HA 464:470 thin HA 464:470 This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory cell response to titanium implants with either amorphous or crystalline thin HA. 27896599 13 22 with coatings 1533:1540 arg1 composition 1593:1603 a different phase composition 1575:1603 a different phase composition 1575:1603 Taken together, the results show that thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability are associated with different monocyte responses. 27896599 13 22 with coatings 1533:1540 arg1 micro-roughness 1555:1569 similar micro-roughness 1547:1569 similar micro-roughness 1547:1569 Taken together, the results show that thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability are associated with different monocyte responses. 27896599 4 23 theme titanium 514:521 arg1 discs 523:527 titanium discs 514:527 titanium discs 514:527 Human mononuclear cells were cultured on titanium discs with a machined surface or with a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating. 27896599 7 24 theme factors 948:954 arg1 percentage 845:854 the percentage 841:854 the percentage of implant-adherent cells 841:880 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 7 24 theme factors 948:954 arg1 secretion 890:898 the secretion 886:898 the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1) 886:973 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 0 25 theme Inflammatory 0:11 arg1 response 18:25 Inflammatory cell response 0:25 Inflammatory cell response to ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces. 0:90 Inflammatory cell response to ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces. 27896599 0 26 theme cell 13:16 arg1 response 18:25 Inflammatory cell response 0:25 Inflammatory cell response to ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces. 0:90 Inflammatory cell response to ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces. 27896599 12 27 theme LPS 1391:1393 arg1 addition 1379:1386 The addition 1375:1386 The addition of LPS 1375:1393 The addition of LPS resulted in a significant increase in TNF-α in all groups, whereas TGF-β1 was not affected. 27896599 12 28 from increase 1421:1428 arg1 TNF-α 1433:1437 TNF-α 1433:1437 TNF-α 1433:1437 The addition of LPS resulted in a significant increase in TNF-α in all groups, whereas TGF-β1 was not affected. 27896599 12 28 from increase 1421:1428 arg1 groups 1446:1451 all groups 1442:1451 all groups 1442:1451 The addition of LPS resulted in a significant increase in TNF-α in all groups, whereas TGF-β1 was not affected. 27896599 7 29 theme implant-adherent 859:874 arg1 cells 876:880 implant-adherent cells 859:880 implant-adherent cells 859:880 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 3 30 theme titanium 409:416 arg1 implants 418:425 titanium implants 409:425 titanium implants 409:425 This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory cell response to titanium implants with either amorphous or crystalline thin HA. 27896599 14 31 theme inflammatory 1783:1794 arg1 response 1796:1803 a lower inflammatory response 1775:1803 a lower inflammatory response 1775:1803 In the absence of strong inflammatory stimuli, crystalline hydroxyapatite elicits a lower inflammatory response compared with amorphous hydroxyapatite. 27896599 1 32 with modification 127:138 arg1 hydroxyapatite 152:165 a thin hydroxyapatite 145:165 a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating 145:178 It has been suggested that surface modification with a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating enhances the osseointegration of titanium implants. 27896599 1 32 with modification 127:138 arg1 HA 168:169 HA 168:169 HA 168:169 It has been suggested that surface modification with a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating enhances the osseointegration of titanium implants. 27896599 3 33 with response 397:404 arg1 crystalline 452:462 crystalline 452:462 crystalline 452:462 This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory cell response to titanium implants with either amorphous or crystalline thin HA. 27896599 3 33 with response 397:404 arg1 amorphous 439:447 amorphous 439:447 amorphous 439:447 This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory cell response to titanium implants with either amorphous or crystalline thin HA. 27896599 8 34 dep revealed 991:998 arg1 whereas 1018:1024 whereas 1018:1024 whereas 1018:1024 Crystalline HA revealed a smooth surface, whereas the amorphous HA displayed a porous structure, at nano-scale, and a hydrophobic surface. 27896599 3 35 theme cell 392:395 arg1 response 397:404 the inflammatory cell response 375:404 the inflammatory cell response to titanium implants with either amorphous or crystalline thin HA 375:470 This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory cell response to titanium implants with either amorphous or crystalline thin HA. 27896599 4 36 theme thin 563:566 arg1 coating 605:611 a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating 561:611 a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating 561:611 Human mononuclear cells were cultured on titanium discs with a machined surface or with a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating. 27896599 13 37 theme phase 1587:1591 arg1 composition 1593:1603 a different phase composition 1575:1603 a different phase composition 1575:1603 Taken together, the results show that thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability are associated with different monocyte responses. 27896599 6 38 theme phase 765:769 arg1 composition 771:781 phase composition 765:781 phase composition 765:781 The surfaces were characterized with respect to chemistry, phase composition, wettability and topography. 27896599 2 39 theme HA-induced 322:331 arg1 response 333:340 the HA-induced response 318:340 the HA-induced response 318:340 However, there is insufficient information about the biological processes involved in the HA-induced response. 27896599 4 40 theme Human 473:477 arg1 cells 491:495 Human mononuclear cells 473:495 Human mononuclear cells 473:495 Human mononuclear cells were cultured on titanium discs with a machined surface or with a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating. 27896599 13 41 theme thin 1525:1528 arg1 coatings 1533:1540 thin HA coatings 1525:1540 thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability 1525:1641 Taken together, the results show that thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability are associated with different monocyte responses. 27896599 14 42 theme amorphous 1819:1827 arg1 hydroxyapatite 1829:1842 amorphous hydroxyapatite 1819:1842 amorphous hydroxyapatite 1819:1842 In the absence of strong inflammatory stimuli, crystalline hydroxyapatite elicits a lower inflammatory response compared with amorphous hydroxyapatite. 27896599 0 43 theme amorphous 41:49 arg1 surfaces 82:89 ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces 30:89 ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces 30:89 Inflammatory cell response to ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces. 27896599 4 44 theme 0.1 μm 569:574 arg1 coating 605:611 a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating 561:611 a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating 561:611 Human mononuclear cells were cultured on titanium discs with a machined surface or with a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating. 27896599 13 45 theme similar 1547:1553 arg1 micro-roughness 1555:1569 similar micro-roughness 1547:1569 similar micro-roughness 1547:1569 Taken together, the results show that thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability are associated with different monocyte responses. 27896599 1 46 theme titanium 213:220 arg1 implants 222:229 titanium implants 213:229 titanium implants 213:229 It has been suggested that surface modification with a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating enhances the osseointegration of titanium implants. 27896599 0 47 theme ultra-thin 30:39 arg1 surfaces 82:89 ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces 30:89 ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces 30:89 Inflammatory cell response to ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces. 27896599 13 48 theme nano-scale 1606:1615 arg1 roughness 1617:1625 nano-scale roughness 1606:1625 nano-scale roughness 1606:1625 Taken together, the results show that thin HA coatings with similar micro-roughness but a different phase composition, nano-scale roughness and wettability are associated with different monocyte responses. 27896599 1 49 theme implants 222:229 arg1 osseointegration 193:208 the osseointegration 189:208 the osseointegration of titanium implants 189:229 It has been suggested that surface modification with a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating enhances the osseointegration of titanium implants. 27896599 0 50 theme crystalline 55:65 arg1 surfaces 82:89 ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces 30:89 ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces 30:89 Inflammatory cell response to ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces. 27896599 14 51 theme crystalline 1740:1750 arg1 hydroxyapatite 1752:1765 crystalline hydroxyapatite 1740:1765 crystalline hydroxyapatite 1740:1765 In the absence of strong inflammatory stimuli, crystalline hydroxyapatite elicits a lower inflammatory response compared with amorphous hydroxyapatite. 27896599 4 52 theme mononuclear 479:489 arg1 cells 491:495 Human mononuclear cells 473:495 Human mononuclear cells 473:495 Human mononuclear cells were cultured on titanium discs with a machined surface or with a thin, 0.1 μm, amorphous or crystalline HA coating. 27896599 9 53 theme amorphous 1201:1209 arg1 HA 1211:1212 the amorphous HA 1197:1212 the amorphous HA compared with the crystalline HA 1197:1245 Higher TNF-α secretion and a higher ratio of adherent cells were demonstrated for the amorphous HA compared with the crystalline HA. 27896599 1 54 theme surface 119:125 arg1 modification 127:138 surface modification 119:138 surface modification with a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating 119:178 It has been suggested that surface modification with a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating enhances the osseointegration of titanium implants. 27896599 11 55 theme BMP-2 1324:1328 arg1 secretion 1330:1338 No BMP-2 secretion 1321:1338 No BMP-2 secretion 1321:1338 No BMP-2 secretion was detected in any of the groups. 27896599 5 56 theme lipopolysaccharide 668:685 arg1 stimulation 693:703 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation 668:703 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation 668:703 Cells were cultured for 24 and 96 h, with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. 27896599 9 57 theme crystalline 1232:1242 arg1 HA 1244:1245 the crystalline HA 1228:1245 the crystalline HA 1228:1245 Higher TNF-α secretion and a higher ratio of adherent cells were demonstrated for the amorphous HA compared with the crystalline HA. 27896599 9 58 theme TNF-α 1122:1126 arg1 secretion 1128:1136 Higher TNF-α secretion 1115:1136 Higher TNF-α secretion 1115:1136 Higher TNF-α secretion and a higher ratio of adherent cells were demonstrated for the amorphous HA compared with the crystalline HA. 27896599 14 59 theme lower 1777:1781 arg1 response 1796:1803 a lower inflammatory response 1775:1803 a lower inflammatory response 1775:1803 In the absence of strong inflammatory stimuli, crystalline hydroxyapatite elicits a lower inflammatory response compared with amorphous hydroxyapatite. 27896599 7 60 theme growth 941:946 arg1 factors 948:954 growth factors 941:954 growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1) 941:973 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 7 60 theme growth 941:946 arg1 TGF-β1 967:972 TGF-β1 967:972 TGF-β1 967:972 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 7 60 theme growth 941:946 arg1 BMP-2 957:961 BMP-2 957:961 BMP-2 957:961 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 8 61 theme smooth 1002:1007 arg1 surface 1009:1015 a smooth surface 1000:1015 a smooth surface 1000:1015 Crystalline HA revealed a smooth surface, whereas the amorphous HA displayed a porous structure, at nano-scale, and a hydrophobic surface. 27896599 9 62 theme Higher 1115:1120 arg1 secretion 1128:1136 Higher TNF-α secretion 1115:1136 Higher TNF-α secretion 1115:1136 Higher TNF-α secretion and a higher ratio of adherent cells were demonstrated for the amorphous HA compared with the crystalline HA. 27896599 8 63 theme hydrophobic 1094:1104 arg1 surface 1106:1112 a hydrophobic surface 1092:1112 a hydrophobic surface 1092:1112 Crystalline HA revealed a smooth surface, whereas the amorphous HA displayed a porous structure, at nano-scale, and a hydrophobic surface. 27896599 7 64 theme cytokine 920:927 arg1 percentage 845:854 the percentage 841:854 the percentage of implant-adherent cells 841:880 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 7 64 theme cytokine 920:927 arg1 secretion 890:898 the secretion 886:898 the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1) 886:973 Biological analyses included the percentage of implant-adherent cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and growth factors (BMP-2 and TGF-β1). 27896599 14 65 theme strong 1711:1716 arg1 stimuli 1731:1737 strong inflammatory stimuli 1711:1737 strong inflammatory stimuli 1711:1737 In the absence of strong inflammatory stimuli, crystalline hydroxyapatite elicits a lower inflammatory response compared with amorphous hydroxyapatite. 27896599 8 66 theme porous 1055:1060 arg1 structure 1062:1070 a porous structure 1053:1070 a porous structure 1053:1070 Crystalline HA revealed a smooth surface, whereas the amorphous HA displayed a porous structure, at nano-scale, and a hydrophobic surface. 27896599 2 67 theme insufficient 250:261 arg1 information 263:273 insufficient information 250:273 insufficient information about the biological processes involved in the HA-induced response 250:340 However, there is insufficient information about the biological processes involved in the HA-induced response. 27896599 1 68 theme thin 147:150 arg1 hydroxyapatite 152:165 a thin hydroxyapatite 145:165 a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating 145:178 It has been suggested that surface modification with a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating enhances the osseointegration of titanium implants. 27896599 1 68 theme thin 147:150 arg1 HA 168:169 HA 168:169 HA 168:169 It has been suggested that surface modification with a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating enhances the osseointegration of titanium implants. 27896599 0 69 theme hydroxyapatite 67:80 arg1 surfaces 82:89 ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces 30:89 ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces 30:89 Inflammatory cell response to ultra-thin amorphous and crystalline hydroxyapatite surfaces. 27896599 11 70 located detected 1344:1351 arg1 any 1356:1358 any 1356:1358 any 1356:1358 No BMP-2 secretion was detected in any of the groups. 27896599 11 70 located detected 1344:1351 arg2 secretion 1330:1338 No BMP-2 secretion 1321:1338 No BMP-2 secretion 1321:1338 No BMP-2 secretion was detected in any of the groups. 27896599 9 71 theme higher 1144:1149 arg1 ratio 1151:1155 a higher ratio 1142:1155 a higher ratio of adherent cells 1142:1173 Higher TNF-α secretion and a higher ratio of adherent cells were demonstrated for the amorphous HA compared with the crystalline HA. 27896599 14 72 theme inflammatory 1718:1729 arg1 stimuli 1731:1737 strong inflammatory stimuli 1711:1737 strong inflammatory stimuli 1711:1737 In the absence of strong inflammatory stimuli, crystalline hydroxyapatite elicits a lower inflammatory response compared with amorphous hydroxyapatite. 27896599 10 73 theme TGF-β1 1248:1253 arg1 secretion 1255:1263 TGF-β1 secretion 1248:1263 TGF-β1 secretion 1248:1263 TGF-β1 secretion was detected in all groups, but without any difference. 27896599 14 74 theme stimuli 1731:1737 arg1 absence 1700:1706 the absence 1696:1706 the absence of strong inflammatory stimuli 1696:1737 In the absence of strong inflammatory stimuli, crystalline hydroxyapatite elicits a lower inflammatory response compared with amorphous hydroxyapatite. 28840806 10 0 theme preventive 1425:1434 arg1 strategy 1451:1458 a new preventive or therapeutic strategy 1419:1458 a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases 1419:1477 These data have demonstrated the intimate relationship between the IM and metabolic liver disease, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota could be a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases. 28840806 10 1 theme metabolic 1340:1348 arg1 disease 1356:1362 the IM and metabolic liver disease 1329:1362 the IM and metabolic liver disease 1329:1362 These data have demonstrated the intimate relationship between the IM and metabolic liver disease, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota could be a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases. 28840806 4 2 theme nonalcoholic 444:455 arg1 NAFLD 479:483 NAFLD 479:483 NAFLD 479:483 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 4 2 theme nonalcoholic 444:455 arg1 diseases 469:476 nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases 444:476 nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) 444:484 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 4 3 theme liver 532:536 arg1 disease 538:544 advanced liver disease 523:544 advanced liver disease 523:544 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 10 4 theme new 1421:1423 arg1 strategy 1451:1458 a new preventive or therapeutic strategy 1419:1458 a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases 1419:1477 These data have demonstrated the intimate relationship between the IM and metabolic liver disease, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota could be a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases. 28840806 6 5 theme rodent 803:808 arg1 models 810:815 rodent models 803:815 rodent models 803:815 ALD and NAFLD appear to be influenced by the composition of the IM, and dysbiosis is associated with ALD and NAFLD in rodent models and human patient cohorts. 28840806 2 6 from carcinoma 288:296 arg1 range 177:181 range 177:181 range 177:181 Liver damage induced by being overweight can range from steatosis, harmless in its simple form, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 28840806 5 7 from role 551:554 arg1 susceptibility 597:610 the susceptibility 593:610 the susceptibility to liver disease in this context 593:643 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context has been the subject of recent studies. 28840806 4 8 theme advanced 523:530 arg1 disease 538:544 advanced liver disease 523:544 advanced liver disease 523:544 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 6 9 from ALD 786:788 arg1 cohorts 835:841 human patient cohorts 821:841 human patient cohorts 821:841 ALD and NAFLD appear to be influenced by the composition of the IM, and dysbiosis is associated with ALD and NAFLD in rodent models and human patient cohorts. 28840806 6 9 from ALD 786:788 arg1 models 810:815 rodent models 803:815 rodent models 803:815 ALD and NAFLD appear to be influenced by the composition of the IM, and dysbiosis is associated with ALD and NAFLD in rodent models and human patient cohorts. 28840806 10 10 theme IM 1333:1334 arg1 disease 1356:1362 the IM and metabolic liver disease 1329:1362 the IM and metabolic liver disease 1329:1362 These data have demonstrated the intimate relationship between the IM and metabolic liver disease, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota could be a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases. 28840806 1 11 theme Being 41:45 arg1 obesity 62:68 obesity 62:68 obesity 62:68 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 1 11 theme Being 41:45 arg1 overweight 47:56 overweight 47:56 overweight 47:56 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 1 11 theme Being 41:45 arg1 causes 86:91 the leading causes 74:91 the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries 74:129 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 8 12 from role 1010:1013 arg1 development 1032:1042 the development 1028:1042 the development of liver diseases 1028:1060 Recent studies have highlighted the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases, and the use of probiotics or prebiotics improves some parameters associated with liver disease. 28840806 3 13 theme additional 325:334 arg1 cause 342:346 an additional major cause 322:346 an additional major cause of liver disease 322:363 Alcohol consumption is an additional major cause of liver disease. 28840806 3 13 theme additional 325:334 arg1 consumption 307:317 Alcohol consumption 299:317 Alcohol consumption 299:317 Alcohol consumption is an additional major cause of liver disease. 28840806 2 14 theme Liver 132:136 arg1 damage 138:143 Liver damage 132:143 Liver damage induced by being overweight 132:171 Liver damage induced by being overweight can range from steatosis, harmless in its simple form, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 28840806 7 15 theme Several 844:850 arg1 metabolites 862:872 Several microbial metabolites 844:872 Several microbial metabolites 844:872 Several microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, are specifically associated with dysbiosis. 28840806 7 15 theme Several 844:850 arg1 acids 901:905 short-chain fatty acids 883:905 short-chain fatty acids 883:905 Several microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, are specifically associated with dysbiosis. 28840806 7 15 theme Several 844:850 arg1 acids 916:920 bile acids 911:920 bile acids 911:920 Several microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, are specifically associated with dysbiosis. 28840806 6 16 from NAFLD 794:798 arg1 cohorts 835:841 human patient cohorts 821:841 human patient cohorts 821:841 ALD and NAFLD appear to be influenced by the composition of the IM, and dysbiosis is associated with ALD and NAFLD in rodent models and human patient cohorts. 28840806 6 16 from NAFLD 794:798 arg1 models 810:815 rodent models 803:815 rodent models 803:815 ALD and NAFLD appear to be influenced by the composition of the IM, and dysbiosis is associated with ALD and NAFLD in rodent models and human patient cohorts. 28840806 5 17 theme intestinal 563:572 arg1 IM 586:587 IM 586:587 IM 586:587 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context has been the subject of recent studies. 28840806 5 17 theme intestinal 563:572 arg1 microbiota 574:583 the intestinal microbiota 559:583 the intestinal microbiota (IM) 559:588 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context has been the subject of recent studies. 28840806 7 18 theme microbial 852:860 arg1 metabolites 862:872 Several microbial metabolites 844:872 Several microbial metabolites 844:872 Several microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, are specifically associated with dysbiosis. 28840806 7 18 theme microbial 852:860 arg1 acids 901:905 short-chain fatty acids 883:905 short-chain fatty acids 883:905 Several microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, are specifically associated with dysbiosis. 28840806 7 18 theme microbial 852:860 arg1 acids 916:920 bile acids 911:920 bile acids 911:920 Several microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, are specifically associated with dysbiosis. 28840806 2 19 from steatosis 188:196 arg1 range 177:181 range 177:181 range 177:181 Liver damage induced by being overweight can range from steatosis, harmless in its simple form, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 28840806 5 20 theme recent 669:674 arg1 studies 676:682 recent studies 669:682 recent studies 669:682 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context has been the subject of recent studies. 28840806 4 21 theme liver 463:467 arg1 NAFLD 479:483 NAFLD 479:483 NAFLD 479:483 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 4 21 theme liver 463:467 arg1 diseases 469:476 nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases 444:476 nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) 444:484 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 5 22 theme microbiota 574:583 arg1 role 551:554 The role 547:554 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context 547:643 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context has been the subject of recent studies. 28840806 5 22 theme microbiota 574:583 arg1 subject 658:664 the subject 654:664 the subject of recent studies 654:682 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context has been the subject of recent studies. 28840806 9 23 theme IM 1262:1263 arg1 modulation 1244:1253 the modulation 1240:1253 the modulation of the IM 1240:1263 Several studies have made progress in deciphering the mechanisms associated with the modulation of the IM. 28840806 4 24 theme fatty 457:461 arg1 NAFLD 479:483 NAFLD 479:483 NAFLD 479:483 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 4 24 theme fatty 457:461 arg1 diseases 469:476 nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases 444:476 nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) 444:484 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 8 25 theme Recent 967:972 arg1 studies 974:980 Recent studies 967:980 Recent studies 967:980 Recent studies have highlighted the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases, and the use of probiotics or prebiotics improves some parameters associated with liver disease. 28840806 10 26 theme therapeutic 1439:1449 arg1 strategy 1451:1458 a new preventive or therapeutic strategy 1419:1458 a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases 1419:1477 These data have demonstrated the intimate relationship between the IM and metabolic liver disease, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota could be a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases. 28840806 2 27 from harmless 199:206 arg1 form 222:225 its simple form 211:225 its simple form 211:225 Liver damage induced by being overweight can range from steatosis, harmless in its simple form, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 28840806 3 28 theme liver 351:355 arg1 disease 357:363 liver disease 351:363 liver disease 351:363 Alcohol consumption is an additional major cause of liver disease. 28840806 8 29 theme causal 1003:1008 arg1 role 1010:1013 the causal role 999:1013 the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases 999:1060 Recent studies have highlighted the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases, and the use of probiotics or prebiotics improves some parameters associated with liver disease. 28840806 10 30 theme liver 1350:1354 arg1 disease 1356:1362 the IM and metabolic liver disease 1329:1362 the IM and metabolic liver disease 1329:1362 These data have demonstrated the intimate relationship between the IM and metabolic liver disease, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota could be a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases. 28840806 10 31 theme intimate 1299:1306 arg1 relationship 1308:1319 the intimate relationship 1295:1319 the intimate relationship between the IM and metabolic liver disease 1295:1362 These data have demonstrated the intimate relationship between the IM and metabolic liver disease, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota could be a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases. 28840806 8 32 theme liver 1144:1148 arg1 disease 1150:1156 liver disease 1144:1156 liver disease 1144:1156 Recent studies have highlighted the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases, and the use of probiotics or prebiotics improves some parameters associated with liver disease. 28840806 3 33 theme major 336:340 arg1 cause 342:346 an additional major cause 322:346 an additional major cause of liver disease 322:363 Alcohol consumption is an additional major cause of liver disease. 28840806 3 33 theme major 336:340 arg1 consumption 307:317 Alcohol consumption 299:317 Alcohol consumption 299:317 Alcohol consumption is an additional major cause of liver disease. 28840806 8 34 theme diseases 1053:1060 arg1 development 1032:1042 the development 1028:1042 the development of liver diseases 1028:1060 Recent studies have highlighted the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases, and the use of probiotics or prebiotics improves some parameters associated with liver disease. 28840806 10 35 theme gut 1395:1397 arg1 microbiota 1399:1408 the gut microbiota 1391:1408 the gut microbiota 1391:1408 These data have demonstrated the intimate relationship between the IM and metabolic liver disease, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota could be a new preventive or therapeutic strategy for these diseases. 28840806 1 36 theme leading 78:84 arg1 obesity 62:68 obesity 62:68 obesity 62:68 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 1 36 theme leading 78:84 arg1 overweight 47:56 overweight 47:56 overweight 47:56 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 1 36 theme leading 78:84 arg1 causes 86:91 the leading causes 74:91 the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries 74:129 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 0 37 theme Liver 12:16 arg1 Diseases 18:25 Liver Diseases 12:25 Liver Diseases 12:25 Microbiota, Liver Diseases, and Alcohol. 28840806 2 38 dep steatosis 188:196 arg1 to 228:229 to 228:229 to 228:229 Liver damage induced by being overweight can range from steatosis, harmless in its simple form, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 28840806 2 38 dep steatosis 188:196 arg1 steatohepatitis 231:245 steatohepatitis 231:245 steatohepatitis 231:245 Liver damage induced by being overweight can range from steatosis, harmless in its simple form, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 28840806 8 39 theme probiotics 1078:1087 arg1 use 1071:1073 the use 1067:1073 the use of probiotics or prebiotics 1067:1101 Recent studies have highlighted the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases, and the use of probiotics or prebiotics improves some parameters associated with liver disease. 28840806 4 40 theme alcoholic 489:497 arg1 ALD 514:516 ALD 514:516 ALD 514:516 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 4 40 theme alcoholic 489:497 arg1 disease 505:511 alcoholic liver disease 489:511 alcoholic liver disease (ALD) 489:517 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 7 41 theme bile 911:914 arg1 acids 916:920 bile acids 911:920 bile acids 911:920 Several microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, are specifically associated with dysbiosis. 28840806 6 42 theme human 821:825 arg1 cohorts 835:841 human patient cohorts 821:841 human patient cohorts 821:841 ALD and NAFLD appear to be influenced by the composition of the IM, and dysbiosis is associated with ALD and NAFLD in rodent models and human patient cohorts. 28840806 3 43 theme disease 357:363 arg1 cause 342:346 an additional major cause 322:346 an additional major cause of liver disease 322:363 Alcohol consumption is an additional major cause of liver disease. 28840806 3 43 theme disease 357:363 arg1 consumption 307:317 Alcohol consumption 299:317 Alcohol consumption 299:317 Alcohol consumption is an additional major cause of liver disease. 28840806 5 44 from susceptibility 597:610 arg1 context 637:643 this context 632:643 this context 632:643 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context has been the subject of recent studies. 28840806 8 45 theme IM 1022:1023 arg1 role 1010:1013 the causal role 999:1013 the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases 999:1060 Recent studies have highlighted the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases, and the use of probiotics or prebiotics improves some parameters associated with liver disease. 28840806 8 46 theme prebiotics 1092:1101 arg1 use 1071:1073 the use 1067:1073 the use of probiotics or prebiotics 1067:1101 Recent studies have highlighted the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases, and the use of probiotics or prebiotics improves some parameters associated with liver disease. 28840806 6 47 theme patient 827:833 arg1 cohorts 835:841 human patient cohorts 821:841 human patient cohorts 821:841 ALD and NAFLD appear to be influenced by the composition of the IM, and dysbiosis is associated with ALD and NAFLD in rodent models and human patient cohorts. 28840806 5 48 theme liver 615:619 arg1 disease 621:627 liver disease 615:627 liver disease 615:627 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context has been the subject of recent studies. 28840806 1 49 theme liver 96:100 arg1 disease 102:108 liver disease 96:108 liver disease 96:108 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 4 50 theme liver 499:503 arg1 ALD 514:516 ALD 514:516 ALD 514:516 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 4 50 theme liver 499:503 arg1 disease 505:511 alcoholic liver disease 489:511 alcoholic liver disease (ALD) 489:517 Not all individuals who are overweight or excessively consume alcohol develop nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and advanced liver disease. 28840806 6 51 theme IM 749:750 arg1 composition 730:740 the composition 726:740 the composition of the IM 726:750 ALD and NAFLD appear to be influenced by the composition of the IM, and dysbiosis is associated with ALD and NAFLD in rodent models and human patient cohorts. 28840806 1 52 theme disease 102:108 arg1 obesity 62:68 obesity 62:68 obesity 62:68 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 1 52 theme disease 102:108 arg1 overweight 47:56 overweight 47:56 overweight 47:56 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 1 52 theme disease 102:108 arg1 causes 86:91 the leading causes 74:91 the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries 74:129 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 1 53 from causes 86:91 arg1 countries 121:129 Western countries 113:129 Western countries 113:129 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 8 54 theme liver 1047:1051 arg1 diseases 1053:1060 liver diseases 1047:1060 liver diseases 1047:1060 Recent studies have highlighted the causal role of the IM in the development of liver diseases, and the use of probiotics or prebiotics improves some parameters associated with liver disease. 28840806 7 55 theme short-chain 883:893 arg1 acids 901:905 short-chain fatty acids 883:905 short-chain fatty acids 883:905 Several microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, are specifically associated with dysbiosis. 28840806 2 56 theme hepatocellular 273:286 arg1 carcinoma 288:296 hepatocellular carcinoma 273:296 hepatocellular carcinoma 273:296 Liver damage induced by being overweight can range from steatosis, harmless in its simple form, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 28840806 2 57 from fibrosis 248:255 arg1 range 177:181 range 177:181 range 177:181 Liver damage induced by being overweight can range from steatosis, harmless in its simple form, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 28840806 5 58 theme studies 676:682 arg1 role 551:554 The role 547:554 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context 547:643 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context has been the subject of recent studies. 28840806 5 58 theme studies 676:682 arg1 subject 658:664 the subject 654:664 the subject of recent studies 654:682 The role of the intestinal microbiota (IM) in the susceptibility to liver disease in this context has been the subject of recent studies. 28840806 9 59 theme Several 1159:1165 arg1 studies 1167:1173 Several studies 1159:1173 Several studies 1159:1173 Several studies have made progress in deciphering the mechanisms associated with the modulation of the IM. 28840806 2 60 theme simple 215:220 arg1 form 222:225 its simple form 211:225 its simple form 211:225 Liver damage induced by being overweight can range from steatosis, harmless in its simple form, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 28840806 7 61 theme fatty 895:899 arg1 acids 901:905 short-chain fatty acids 883:905 short-chain fatty acids 883:905 Several microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, are specifically associated with dysbiosis. 28840806 1 62 theme Western 113:119 arg1 countries 121:129 Western countries 113:129 Western countries 113:129 Being overweight and obesity are the leading causes of liver disease in Western countries. 28840806 3 63 theme Alcohol 299:305 arg1 cause 342:346 an additional major cause 322:346 an additional major cause of liver disease 322:363 Alcohol consumption is an additional major cause of liver disease. 28840806 3 63 theme Alcohol 299:305 arg1 consumption 307:317 Alcohol consumption 299:317 Alcohol consumption 299:317 Alcohol consumption is an additional major cause of liver disease. 28840806 2 64 from cirrhosis 258:266 arg1 range 177:181 range 177:181 range 177:181 Liver damage induced by being overweight can range from steatosis, harmless in its simple form, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 24974853 6 0 theme lmo1941 978:984 arg1 mutation 986:993 lmo1941 mutation 978:993 lmo1941 mutation 978:993 Subsequently, the potential effect of lmo1941 mutation on the cell wall of L. monocytogenes was investigated. 24974853 8 1 located observed 1247:1254 arg1 cells 1259:1263 cells 1259:1263 cells taken from the stationary phase 1259:1295 Both these changes were observed in cells taken from the stationary phase. 24974853 8 1 located observed 1247:1254 arg2 changes 1234:1240 Both these changes 1223:1240 Both these changes 1223:1240 Both these changes were observed in cells taken from the stationary phase. 24974853 3 2 theme penicillin 514:523 arg1 G 525:525 penicillin G 514:525 penicillin G pressure 514:534 Recently, lmo1941, encoding a surface protein of L. monocytogenes with unknown function, was identified as a gene transcriptionally upregulated under penicillin G pressure. 24974853 7 3 from changes 1085:1091 arg1 profile 1112:1118 the muropeptide profile 1096:1118 the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan 1096:1135 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 7 3 from changes 1085:1091 arg1 density 1155:1161 density 1155:1161 density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain 1155:1220 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 5 4 contain had 765:767 arg1 deletion 745:752 the deletion 741:752 the deletion of lmo1941 741:763 Deletion mutant in lmo1941 was constructed and subjected to studies, which revealed that the deletion of lmo1941 had no effect on susceptibility and tolerance to penicillin G and ampicillin but resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins. 24974853 5 4 contain had 765:767 arg2 effect 772:777 no effect 769:777 no effect 769:777 Deletion mutant in lmo1941 was constructed and subjected to studies, which revealed that the deletion of lmo1941 had no effect on susceptibility and tolerance to penicillin G and ampicillin but resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins. 24974853 3 5 theme G 525:525 arg1 pressure 527:534 penicillin G pressure 514:534 penicillin G pressure 514:534 Recently, lmo1941, encoding a surface protein of L. monocytogenes with unknown function, was identified as a gene transcriptionally upregulated under penicillin G pressure. 24974853 4 6 theme knockout 574:581 arg1 lmo1941 566:572 lmo1941 knockout 566:581 lmo1941 knockout 566:581 In this study, the effect of lmo1941 knockout on the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to β-lactams was examined. 24974853 7 7 theme strain 1215:1220 arg1 wall 1196:1199 cell wall 1191:1199 cell wall of the mutant strain 1191:1220 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 2 8 theme listeriosis 351:361 arg1 treatment 338:346 the treatment 334:346 the treatment of listeriosis 334:361 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin are the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. 24974853 9 9 theme stationary 1439:1448 arg1 phase 1450:1454 the stationary phase 1435:1454 the stationary phase of growth 1435:1464 These results indicate that the surface protein Lmo1941 affects peptidoglycan composition and cell wall structure of L. monocytogenes in the stationary phase of growth. 24974853 6 10 theme cell 1002:1005 arg1 wall 1007:1010 the cell wall 998:1010 the cell wall of L. monocytogenes 998:1030 Subsequently, the potential effect of lmo1941 mutation on the cell wall of L. monocytogenes was investigated. 24974853 7 11 theme mutant 1208:1213 arg1 strain 1215:1220 the mutant strain 1204:1220 the mutant strain 1204:1220 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 5 12 theme L. monocytogenes 896:911 arg1 susceptibility 878:891 increased susceptibility 868:891 increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins 868:937 Deletion mutant in lmo1941 was constructed and subjected to studies, which revealed that the deletion of lmo1941 had no effect on susceptibility and tolerance to penicillin G and ampicillin but resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins. 24974853 9 13 theme cell 1392:1395 arg1 structure 1402:1410 cell wall structure 1392:1410 cell wall structure 1392:1410 These results indicate that the surface protein Lmo1941 affects peptidoglycan composition and cell wall structure of L. monocytogenes in the stationary phase of growth. 24974853 9 14 theme growth 1459:1464 arg1 phase 1450:1454 the stationary phase 1435:1454 the stationary phase of growth 1435:1464 These results indicate that the surface protein Lmo1941 affects peptidoglycan composition and cell wall structure of L. monocytogenes in the stationary phase of growth. 24974853 0 15 theme monocytogenes 107:119 arg1 structure 66:74 cell wall structure 56:74 cell wall structure 56:74 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain influences cell wall structure and susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to cephalosporins. 24974853 0 15 theme monocytogenes 107:119 arg1 susceptibility 80:93 susceptibility 80:93 susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to cephalosporins 80:137 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain influences cell wall structure and susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to cephalosporins. 24974853 7 16 theme peptidoglycan 1123:1135 arg1 profile 1112:1118 the muropeptide profile 1096:1118 the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan 1096:1135 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 7 17 from decrease 1143:1150 arg1 profile 1112:1118 the muropeptide profile 1096:1118 the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan 1096:1135 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 7 17 from decrease 1143:1150 arg1 density 1155:1161 density 1155:1161 density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain 1155:1220 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 0 18 theme Listeria 98:105 arg1 monocytogenes 107:119 Listeria monocytogenes 98:119 Listeria monocytogenes 98:119 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain influences cell wall structure and susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to cephalosporins. 24974853 9 19 theme surface 1330:1336 arg1 Lmo1941 1346:1352 the surface protein Lmo1941 1326:1352 the surface protein Lmo1941 1326:1352 These results indicate that the surface protein Lmo1941 affects peptidoglycan composition and cell wall structure of L. monocytogenes in the stationary phase of growth. 24974853 7 20 theme high-density 1170:1181 arg1 zone 1183:1186 the high-density zone 1166:1186 the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain 1166:1220 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 3 21 with L. monocytogenes 413:428 arg1 function 443:450 unknown function 435:450 unknown function 435:450 Recently, lmo1941, encoding a surface protein of L. monocytogenes with unknown function, was identified as a gene transcriptionally upregulated under penicillin G pressure. 24974853 9 22 theme wall 1397:1400 arg1 structure 1402:1410 cell wall structure 1392:1410 cell wall structure 1392:1410 These results indicate that the surface protein Lmo1941 affects peptidoglycan composition and cell wall structure of L. monocytogenes in the stationary phase of growth. 24974853 0 23 theme surface 4:10 arg1 Lmo1941 20:26 The surface protein Lmo1941 0:26 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain 0:43 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain influences cell wall structure and susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to cephalosporins. 24974853 9 24 theme protein 1338:1344 arg1 Lmo1941 1346:1352 the surface protein Lmo1941 1326:1352 the surface protein Lmo1941 1326:1352 These results indicate that the surface protein Lmo1941 affects peptidoglycan composition and cell wall structure of L. monocytogenes in the stationary phase of growth. 24974853 5 25 theme lmo1941 757:763 arg1 deletion 745:752 the deletion 741:752 the deletion of lmo1941 741:763 Deletion mutant in lmo1941 was constructed and subjected to studies, which revealed that the deletion of lmo1941 had no effect on susceptibility and tolerance to penicillin G and ampicillin but resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins. 24974853 2 26 theme choice 324:329 arg1 antibiotics 309:319 the antibiotics 305:319 the antibiotics of choice 305:329 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin are the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. 24974853 2 26 theme choice 324:329 arg1 β-lactams 263:271 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin 259:299 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin 259:299 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin are the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. 24974853 1 27 theme rare 200:203 arg1 cases 219:223 rare but dangerous cases 200:223 rare but dangerous cases of disease 200:234 Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium causing rare but dangerous cases of disease in humans and animals. 24974853 5 28 theme penicillin 814:823 arg1 G 825:825 penicillin G 814:825 penicillin G 814:825 Deletion mutant in lmo1941 was constructed and subjected to studies, which revealed that the deletion of lmo1941 had no effect on susceptibility and tolerance to penicillin G and ampicillin but resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins. 24974853 5 29 theme Deletion 652:659 arg1 mutant 661:666 Deletion mutant 652:666 Deletion mutant in lmo1941 652:677 Deletion mutant in lmo1941 was constructed and subjected to studies, which revealed that the deletion of lmo1941 had no effect on susceptibility and tolerance to penicillin G and ampicillin but resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins. 24974853 2 30 dep β-lactams 263:271 arg1 ampicillin 290:299 ampicillin 290:299 ampicillin 290:299 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin are the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. 24974853 2 30 dep β-lactams 263:271 arg1 G 284:284 penicillin G 273:284 penicillin G 273:284 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin are the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. 24974853 2 30 dep β-lactams 263:271 arg1 β-lactams 263:271 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin 259:299 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin 259:299 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin are the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. 24974853 4 31 from effect 556:561 arg1 susceptibility 590:603 the susceptibility 586:603 the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to β-lactams 586:636 In this study, the effect of lmo1941 knockout on the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to β-lactams was examined. 24974853 6 32 theme mutation 986:993 arg1 effect 968:973 the potential effect 954:973 the potential effect of lmo1941 mutation on the cell wall of L. monocytogenes 954:1030 Subsequently, the potential effect of lmo1941 mutation on the cell wall of L. monocytogenes was investigated. 24974853 1 33 theme dangerous 209:217 arg1 cases 219:223 rare but dangerous cases 200:223 rare but dangerous cases of disease 200:234 Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium causing rare but dangerous cases of disease in humans and animals. 24974853 0 34 theme protein 12:18 arg1 Lmo1941 20:26 The surface protein Lmo1941 0:26 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain 0:43 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain influences cell wall structure and susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to cephalosporins. 24974853 4 35 theme lmo1941 566:572 arg1 effect 556:561 the effect 552:561 the effect of lmo1941 knockout on the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to β-lactams 552:636 In this study, the effect of lmo1941 knockout on the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to β-lactams was examined. 24974853 7 36 theme muropeptide 1100:1110 arg1 profile 1112:1118 the muropeptide profile 1096:1118 the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan 1096:1135 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 1 37 theme Gram-positive 168:180 arg1 bacterium 182:190 a Gram-positive bacterium 166:190 a Gram-positive bacterium causing rare but dangerous cases of disease in humans and animals 166:256 Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium causing rare but dangerous cases of disease in humans and animals. 24974853 1 37 theme Gram-positive 168:180 arg1 monocytogenes 149:161 Listeria monocytogenes 140:161 Listeria monocytogenes 140:161 Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium causing rare but dangerous cases of disease in humans and animals. 24974853 0 38 theme LysM 33:36 arg1 domain 38:43 LysM domain 33:43 LysM domain 33:43 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain influences cell wall structure and susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to cephalosporins. 24974853 3 39 theme unknown 435:441 arg1 function 443:450 unknown function 435:450 unknown function 435:450 Recently, lmo1941, encoding a surface protein of L. monocytogenes with unknown function, was identified as a gene transcriptionally upregulated under penicillin G pressure. 24974853 9 40 theme peptidoglycan 1362:1374 arg1 composition 1376:1386 peptidoglycan composition 1362:1386 peptidoglycan composition 1362:1386 These results indicate that the surface protein Lmo1941 affects peptidoglycan composition and cell wall structure of L. monocytogenes in the stationary phase of growth. 24974853 3 41 theme L. monocytogenes 413:428 arg1 protein 402:408 a surface protein 392:408 a surface protein of L. monocytogenes with unknown function 392:450 Recently, lmo1941, encoding a surface protein of L. monocytogenes with unknown function, was identified as a gene transcriptionally upregulated under penicillin G pressure. 24974853 7 42 theme zone 1183:1186 arg1 density 1155:1161 density 1155:1161 density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain 1155:1220 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 0 43 with Lmo1941 20:26 arg1 domain 38:43 LysM domain 33:43 LysM domain 33:43 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain influences cell wall structure and susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to cephalosporins. 24974853 1 44 theme disease 228:234 arg1 cases 219:223 rare but dangerous cases 200:223 rare but dangerous cases of disease 200:234 Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium causing rare but dangerous cases of disease in humans and animals. 24974853 3 45 theme surface 394:400 arg1 protein 402:408 a surface protein 392:408 a surface protein of L. monocytogenes with unknown function 392:450 Recently, lmo1941, encoding a surface protein of L. monocytogenes with unknown function, was identified as a gene transcriptionally upregulated under penicillin G pressure. 24974853 6 46 theme potential 958:966 arg1 effect 968:973 the potential effect 954:973 the potential effect of lmo1941 mutation on the cell wall of L. monocytogenes 954:1030 Subsequently, the potential effect of lmo1941 mutation on the cell wall of L. monocytogenes was investigated. 24974853 5 47 theme several 916:922 arg1 cephalosporins 924:937 several cephalosporins 916:937 several cephalosporins 916:937 Deletion mutant in lmo1941 was constructed and subjected to studies, which revealed that the deletion of lmo1941 had no effect on susceptibility and tolerance to penicillin G and ampicillin but resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins. 24974853 5 48 from mutant 661:666 arg1 lmo1941 671:677 lmo1941 671:677 lmo1941 671:677 Deletion mutant in lmo1941 was constructed and subjected to studies, which revealed that the deletion of lmo1941 had no effect on susceptibility and tolerance to penicillin G and ampicillin but resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins. 24974853 7 49 theme quantitative 1072:1083 arg1 changes 1085:1091 quantitative changes 1072:1091 quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan 1072:1135 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 6 50 from effect 968:973 arg1 wall 1007:1010 the cell wall 998:1010 the cell wall of L. monocytogenes 998:1030 Subsequently, the potential effect of lmo1941 mutation on the cell wall of L. monocytogenes was investigated. 24974853 2 51 theme penicillin 273:282 arg1 G 284:284 penicillin G 273:284 penicillin G 273:284 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin are the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. 24974853 2 51 theme penicillin 273:282 arg1 β-lactams 263:271 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin 259:299 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin 259:299 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin are the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. 24974853 5 52 theme increased 868:876 arg1 susceptibility 878:891 increased susceptibility 868:891 increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins 868:937 Deletion mutant in lmo1941 was constructed and subjected to studies, which revealed that the deletion of lmo1941 had no effect on susceptibility and tolerance to penicillin G and ampicillin but resulted, however, in increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to several cephalosporins. 24974853 4 53 theme L. monocytogenes 608:623 arg1 susceptibility 590:603 the susceptibility 586:603 the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to β-lactams 586:636 In this study, the effect of lmo1941 knockout on the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to β-lactams was examined. 24974853 1 54 theme Listeria 140:147 arg1 bacterium 182:190 a Gram-positive bacterium 166:190 a Gram-positive bacterium causing rare but dangerous cases of disease in humans and animals 166:256 Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium causing rare but dangerous cases of disease in humans and animals. 24974853 1 54 theme Listeria 140:147 arg1 monocytogenes 149:161 Listeria monocytogenes 140:161 Listeria monocytogenes 140:161 Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium causing rare but dangerous cases of disease in humans and animals. 24974853 9 55 theme L. monocytogenes 1415:1430 arg1 composition 1376:1386 peptidoglycan composition 1362:1386 peptidoglycan composition 1362:1386 These results indicate that the surface protein Lmo1941 affects peptidoglycan composition and cell wall structure of L. monocytogenes in the stationary phase of growth. 24974853 9 55 theme L. monocytogenes 1415:1430 arg1 structure 1402:1410 cell wall structure 1392:1410 cell wall structure 1392:1410 These results indicate that the surface protein Lmo1941 affects peptidoglycan composition and cell wall structure of L. monocytogenes in the stationary phase of growth. 24974853 0 56 theme wall 61:64 arg1 structure 66:74 cell wall structure 56:74 cell wall structure 56:74 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain influences cell wall structure and susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to cephalosporins. 24974853 8 57 theme stationary 1280:1289 arg1 phase 1291:1295 the stationary phase 1276:1295 the stationary phase 1276:1295 Both these changes were observed in cells taken from the stationary phase. 24974853 0 58 theme cell 56:59 arg1 structure 66:74 cell wall structure 56:74 cell wall structure 56:74 The surface protein Lmo1941 with LysM domain influences cell wall structure and susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to cephalosporins. 24974853 7 59 theme cell 1191:1194 arg1 wall 1196:1199 cell wall 1191:1199 cell wall of the mutant strain 1191:1220 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 7 60 theme wall 1196:1199 arg1 zone 1183:1186 the high-density zone 1166:1186 the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain 1166:1220 The analysis revealed quantitative changes in the muropeptide profile of peptidoglycan and a decrease in density of the high-density zone of cell wall of the mutant strain. 24974853 2 61 from antibiotics 309:319 arg1 treatment 338:346 the treatment 334:346 the treatment of listeriosis 334:361 The β-lactams penicillin G and ampicillin are the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. 24974853 6 62 theme L. monocytogenes 1015:1030 arg1 wall 1007:1010 the cell wall 998:1010 the cell wall of L. monocytogenes 998:1030 Subsequently, the potential effect of lmo1941 mutation on the cell wall of L. monocytogenes was investigated. 28592599 2 0 theme NNPS 815:818 arg1 standards 820:828 the NNPS standards 811:828 the NNPS standards for energy, total and saturated fats, sodium, added sugars, protein, fiber, and calcium 811:916 The composition of all foods and beverages consumed were compared with the NNPS standards for energy, total and saturated fats, sodium, added sugars, protein, fiber, and calcium. 28592599 1 1 theme Profiling 419:427 arg1 NNPS 437:440 NNPS 437:440 NNPS 437:440 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 1 theme Profiling 419:427 arg1 System 429:434 the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System 396:434 the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design 396:528 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 6 2 theme mass 1325:1328 arg1 index 1330:1334 body mass index 1320:1334 body mass index 1320:1334 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 1 3 theme French 670:675 arg1 Individual 677:686 the French Individual 666:686 the French Individual 666:686 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 4 4 theme beverages 995:1003 arg1 content 974:980 the nutrient content 961:980 the nutrient content of foods and beverages 961:1003 In the first, the nutrient content of foods and beverages was adjusted to the NNPS standards if they were not met. 28592599 6 5 dep reductions 1395:1404 arg1 kcal 1452:1455 -88 and -225 kcal 1439:1455 -88 and -225 kcal 1439:1455 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 1 6 theme US 631:632 arg1 2011-2012 641:649 the US NHANES 2011-2012 627:649 the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) 627:660 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 6 theme US 631:632 arg1 7456 656:659 n = 7456 652:659 n = 7456 652:659 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 7 from impact 248:253 arg1 surveys 618:624 nationally representative surveys 592:624 nationally representative surveys 592:624 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 7 from impact 248:253 arg1 n 729:729 n = 3330 729:736 n = 3330 729:736 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 7 from impact 248:253 arg1 Consumption 716:726 Food Consumption 711:726 Food Consumption (n = 3330) 711:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 5 8 theme similar 1152:1158 arg1 alternative 1160:1170 the most nutritionally similar alternative 1129:1170 the most nutritionally similar alternative meeting the standards from the same category 1129:1215 In the second, products not meeting the standards were replaced by the most nutritionally similar alternative meeting the standards from the same category. 28592599 4 9 theme foods 985:989 arg1 content 974:980 the nutrient content 961:980 the nutrient content of foods and beverages 961:1003 In the first, the nutrient content of foods and beverages was adjusted to the NNPS standards if they were not met. 28592599 1 10 theme 2011-2012 641:649 arg1 impact 248:253 the potential impact 234:253 the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330) 234:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 9 11 theme United 1934:1939 arg1 States 1941:1946 the United States 1930:1946 the United States 1930:1946 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 1 12 theme beverage 363:370 arg1 reformulation 372:384 beverage reformulation 363:384 beverage reformulation 363:384 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 13 theme n 652:652 arg1 2011-2012 641:649 the US NHANES 2011-2012 627:649 the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) 627:660 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 13 theme n 652:652 arg1 7456 656:659 n = 7456 652:659 n = 7456 652:659 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 14 theme ≥4 567:568 arg1 y 570:570 aged ≥4 y 562:570 individuals aged ≥4 y 550:570 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 15 theme Nestlé 400:405 arg1 NNPS 437:440 NNPS 437:440 NNPS 437:440 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 15 theme Nestlé 400:405 arg1 System 429:434 the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System 396:434 the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design 396:528 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 9 16 theme added 1712:1716 arg1 intake 1725:1730 added sugars intake 1712:1730 added sugars intake 1712:1730 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 0 17 theme reformulations 58:71 arg1 impact 16:21 dietary impact 8:21 dietary impact of industry-wide food and beverage reformulations in the United States and France 8:103 Modeled dietary impact of industry-wide food and beverage reformulations in the United States and France. 28592599 1 18 theme study 313:317 arg1 aim 302:304 The aim 298:304 The aim of the study 298:317 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 6 19 theme mean 1420:1423 arg1 energy 1431:1436 US adults' mean daily energy 1409:1436 US adults' mean daily energy 1409:1436 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 0 20 from impact 16:21 arg1 France 98:103 France 98:103 France 98:103 Modeled dietary impact of industry-wide food and beverage reformulations in the United States and France. 28592599 0 20 from impact 16:21 arg1 States 87:92 the United States 76:92 the United States 76:92 Modeled dietary impact of industry-wide food and beverage reformulations in the United States and France. 28592599 9 21 theme intake 1725:1730 arg1 gradient 1700:1707 the social gradient 1689:1707 the social gradient of added sugars intake 1689:1730 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 9 22 theme socioeconomic 1975:1987 arg1 groups 1989:1994 all socioeconomic groups 1971:1994 all socioeconomic groups 1971:1994 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 1 23 theme representative 603:616 arg1 surveys 618:624 nationally representative surveys 592:624 nationally representative surveys 592:624 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 6 24 theme Dietary 1218:1224 arg1 intakes 1226:1232 Dietary intakes 1218:1232 Dietary intakes 1218:1232 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 6 25 theme saturated 1473:1481 arg1 g 1500:1500 -4.2, -6.9 g 1489:1500 -4.2, -6.9 g 1489:1500 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 6 25 theme saturated 1473:1481 arg1 fats 1483:1486 saturated fats 1473:1486 saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g) 1473:1501 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 5 26 theme same 1203:1206 arg1 category 1208:1215 the same category 1199:1215 the same category 1199:1215 In the second, products not meeting the standards were replaced by the most nutritionally similar alternative meeting the standards from the same category. 28592599 1 27 theme National 692:699 arg1 Survey 701:706 National Survey 692:706 National Survey 692:706 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 28 theme reformulations.Objective 272:295 arg1 impact 248:253 the potential impact 234:253 the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330) 234:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 29 theme individuals 550:560 arg1 intakes 539:545 Dietary intakes 531:545 Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y 531:570 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 0 30 theme industry-wide 26:38 arg1 reformulations 58:71 industry-wide food and beverage reformulations 26:71 industry-wide food and beverage reformulations 26:71 Modeled dietary impact of industry-wide food and beverage reformulations in the United States and France. 28592599 2 31 theme saturated 852:860 arg1 fats 862:865 total and saturated fats 842:865 total and saturated fats 842:865 The composition of all foods and beverages consumed were compared with the NNPS standards for energy, total and saturated fats, sodium, added sugars, protein, fiber, and calcium. 28592599 9 32 theme Potential 1812:1820 arg1 reformulation 1836:1848 Potential industry-wide reformulation 1812:1848 Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply 1812:1867 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 6 33 theme nutrient 1262:1269 arg1 recommendations 1271:1285 local nutrient recommendations 1256:1285 local nutrient recommendations 1256:1285 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 2 34 theme added 876:880 arg1 sugars 882:887 added sugars 876:887 added sugars 876:887 The composition of all foods and beverages consumed were compared with the NNPS standards for energy, total and saturated fats, sodium, added sugars, protein, fiber, and calcium. 28592599 9 35 with compliance 1890:1899 arg1 recommendations 1906:1920 recommendations 1906:1920 recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups 1906:1994 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 8 36 from effects 1624:1630 arg1 calcium 1645:1651 calcium 1645:1651 calcium 1645:1651 The effects on fiber and calcium were limited. 28592599 8 36 from effects 1624:1630 arg1 fiber 1635:1639 fiber 1635:1639 fiber 1635:1639 The effects on fiber and calcium were limited. 28592599 6 37 dep status.Results 1354:1367 arg1 showed 1388:1393 showed 1388:1393 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g) 1388:1560 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 1 38 from standards 443:451 arg1 France.Design 516:528 France.Design 516:528 France.Design 516:528 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 38 from standards 443:451 arg1 States 505:510 the United States 494:510 the United States 494:510 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 4 39 theme nutrient 965:972 arg1 content 974:980 the nutrient content 961:980 the nutrient content of foods and beverages 961:1003 In the first, the nutrient content of foods and beverages was adjusted to the NNPS standards if they were not met. 28592599 1 40 theme = 654:654 arg1 2011-2012 641:649 the US NHANES 2011-2012 627:649 the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) 627:660 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 40 theme = 654:654 arg1 7456 656:659 n = 7456 652:659 n = 7456 652:659 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 6 41 theme socioeconomic 1340:1352 arg1 status.Results 1354:1367 socioeconomic status.Results 1340:1367 socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g) 1340:1560 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 7 42 theme Similar 1563:1569 arg1 trends 1571:1576 Similar trends 1563:1576 Similar trends 1563:1576 Similar trends were observed for US youth and in France. 28592599 2 43 theme foods 763:767 arg1 composition 744:754 The composition 740:754 The composition of all foods and beverages consumed 740:790 The composition of all foods and beverages consumed were compared with the NNPS standards for energy, total and saturated fats, sodium, added sugars, protein, fiber, and calcium. 28592599 9 44 theme supply 1862:1867 arg1 reformulation 1836:1848 Potential industry-wide reformulation 1812:1848 Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply 1812:1867 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 1 45 theme United 498:503 arg1 States 505:510 the United States 494:510 the United States 494:510 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 46 theme System 429:434 arg1 standards 443:451 the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards 396:451 the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design 396:528 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 6 47 theme body 1320:1323 arg1 index 1330:1334 body mass index 1320:1334 body mass index 1320:1334 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 1 48 theme potential 238:246 arg1 impact 248:253 the potential impact 234:253 the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330) 234:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 2 49 dep foods 763:767 arg1 all 759:761 all 759:761 all 759:761 The composition of all foods and beverages consumed were compared with the NNPS standards for energy, total and saturated fats, sodium, added sugars, protein, fiber, and calcium. 28592599 1 50 theme Individual 677:686 arg1 impact 248:253 the potential impact 234:253 the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330) 234:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 9 51 theme higher 1883:1888 arg1 compliance 1890:1899 higher compliance 1883:1899 higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups 1883:1994 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 6 52 theme US 1409:1410 arg1 adults 1412:1417 US adults 1409:1417 US adults' mean daily energy 1409:1436 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 1 53 from surveys 618:624 arg1 impact 248:253 the potential impact 234:253 the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330) 234:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 9 54 from recommendations 1906:1920 arg1 States 1941:1946 the United States 1930:1946 the United States 1930:1946 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 1 55 theme nutritional 182:192 arg1 intakes 194:200 nutritional intakes 182:200 nutritional intakes 182:200 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 9 56 theme United 1674:1679 arg1 States 1681:1686 the United States 1670:1686 the United States 1670:1686 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 1 57 theme NHANES 634:639 arg1 2011-2012 641:649 the US NHANES 2011-2012 627:649 the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) 627:660 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 57 theme NHANES 634:639 arg1 7456 656:659 n = 7456 652:659 n = 7456 652:659 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 2 58 theme total 842:846 arg1 fats 862:865 total and saturated fats 842:865 total and saturated fats 842:865 The composition of all foods and beverages consumed were compared with the NNPS standards for energy, total and saturated fats, sodium, added sugars, protein, fiber, and calcium. 28592599 9 59 theme social 1693:1698 arg1 gradient 1700:1707 the social gradient 1689:1707 the social gradient of added sugars intake 1689:1730 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 1 60 theme aged 562:565 arg1 y 570:570 aged ≥4 y 562:570 individuals aged ≥4 y 550:570 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 61 theme Food 118:121 arg1 reformulation 123:135 Food reformulation 118:135 Food reformulation 118:135 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 61 theme Food 118:121 arg1 strategy 162:169 a strategy 160:169 a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330) 160:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 4 62 theme NNPS 1025:1028 arg1 standards 1030:1038 the NNPS standards 1021:1038 the NNPS standards 1021:1038 In the first, the nutrient content of foods and beverages was adjusted to the NNPS standards if they were not met. 28592599 6 63 theme local 1256:1260 arg1 recommendations 1271:1285 local nutrient recommendations 1256:1285 local nutrient recommendations 1256:1285 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 1 64 theme Nutritional 407:417 arg1 NNPS 437:440 NNPS 437:440 NNPS 437:440 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 64 theme Nutritional 407:417 arg1 System 429:434 the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System 396:434 the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design 396:528 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 6 65 theme daily 1425:1429 arg1 energy 1431:1436 US adults' mean daily energy 1409:1436 US adults' mean daily energy 1409:1436 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 6 66 theme added 1532:1536 arg1 g 1559:1559 -29.4, -35.8 g 1546:1559 -29.4, -35.8 g 1546:1559 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 6 66 theme added 1532:1536 arg1 sugars 1538:1543 added sugars 1532:1543 added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g) 1532:1560 Dietary intakes were assessed against local nutrient recommendations, and analyses were stratified by body mass index and socioeconomic status.Results: Scenarios 1 and 2 showed reductions in US adults' mean daily energy (-88 and -225 kcal, respectively), saturated fats (-4.2, -6.9 g), sodium (-406, -324 mg), and added sugars (-29.4, -35.8 g). 28592599 9 67 theme sugars 1718:1723 arg1 intake 1725:1730 added sugars intake 1712:1730 added sugars intake 1712:1730 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 1 68 theme retrieved 577:585 arg1 impact 248:253 the potential impact 234:253 the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330) 234:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 0 69 theme United 80:85 arg1 States 87:92 the United States 76:92 the United States 76:92 Modeled dietary impact of industry-wide food and beverage reformulations in the United States and France. 28592599 1 70 theme was 319:321 arg1 impact 248:253 the potential impact 234:253 the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330) 234:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 71 theme dietary 336:342 arg1 impact 344:349 the dietary impact 332:349 the dietary impact 332:349 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 10 72 theme NNPS 1997:2000 arg1 standards 2002:2010 NNPS standards 1997:2010 NNPS standards 1997:2010 NNPS standards seemed to be especially effective for nutrients consumed in excess. 28592599 0 73 theme dietary 8:14 arg1 impact 16:21 dietary impact 8:21 dietary impact of industry-wide food and beverage reformulations in the United States and France 8:103 Modeled dietary impact of industry-wide food and beverage reformulations in the United States and France. 28592599 5 74 from category 1208:1215 arg1 standards 1184:1192 the standards 1180:1192 the standards from the same category 1180:1215 In the second, products not meeting the standards were replaced by the most nutritionally similar alternative meeting the standards from the same category. 28592599 1 75 theme Dietary 531:537 arg1 intakes 539:545 Dietary intakes 531:545 Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y 531:570 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 76 theme industry-wide 258:270 arg1 reformulations.Objective 272:295 industry-wide reformulations.Objective 258:295 industry-wide reformulations.Objective 258:295 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 9 77 theme baseline 1783:1790 arg1 values.Conclusions 1792:1809 the baseline values.Conclusions 1779:1809 the baseline values.Conclusions 1779:1809 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 0 78 theme food 40:43 arg1 reformulations 58:71 industry-wide food and beverage reformulations 26:71 industry-wide food and beverage reformulations 26:71 Modeled dietary impact of industry-wide food and beverage reformulations in the United States and France. 28592599 1 79 theme Food 711:714 arg1 n 729:729 n = 3330 729:736 n = 3330 729:736 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 79 theme Food 711:714 arg1 Consumption 716:726 Food Consumption 711:726 Food Consumption (n = 3330) 711:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 0 80 theme beverage 49:56 arg1 reformulations 58:71 industry-wide food and beverage reformulations 26:71 industry-wide food and beverage reformulations 26:71 Modeled dietary impact of industry-wide food and beverage reformulations in the United States and France. 28592599 9 81 theme industry-wide 1822:1834 arg1 reformulation 1836:1848 Potential industry-wide reformulation 1812:1848 Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply 1812:1867 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28592599 7 82 theme US 1596:1597 arg1 youth 1599:1603 US youth 1596:1603 US youth 1596:1603 Similar trends were observed for US youth and in France. 28592599 1 83 theme = 731:731 arg1 n 729:729 n = 3330 729:736 n = 3330 729:736 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 83 theme = 731:731 arg1 Consumption 716:726 Food Consumption 711:726 Food Consumption (n = 3330) 711:737 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 1 84 dep individuals 550:560 arg1 y 570:570 aged ≥4 y 562:570 individuals aged ≥4 y 550:570 Background: Food reformulation has been identified as a strategy to improve nutritional intakes; however, little is known about the potential impact of industry-wide reformulations.Objective: The aim of the study was to model the dietary impact of food and beverage reformulation following the Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) standards for children, adolescents, and adults in the United States and France.Design: Dietary intakes of individuals aged ≥4 y were retrieved from nationally representative surveys: the US NHANES 2011-2012 (n = 7456) and the French Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 3330). 28592599 2 85 theme beverages 773:781 arg1 composition 744:754 The composition 740:754 The composition of all foods and beverages consumed 740:790 The composition of all foods and beverages consumed were compared with the NNPS standards for energy, total and saturated fats, sodium, added sugars, protein, fiber, and calcium. 28592599 9 86 theme food 1857:1860 arg1 supply 1862:1867 the food supply 1853:1867 the food supply 1853:1867 In the United States, the social gradient of added sugars intake was attenuated in both scenarios compared with the baseline values.Conclusions: Potential industry-wide reformulation of the food supply could lead to higher compliance with recommendations in both the United States and France, and across all socioeconomic groups. 28215962 14 0 theme growth 2183:2188 arg1 monitoring 2169:2178 monitoring 2169:2178 monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2169:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 3 1 theme dead 700:703 arg1 cells 705:709 live and dead cells 691:709 live and dead cells 691:709 =1,^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation of bacterial growth is performed using spectrophotometric measurement at 600nm (OD600) but this estimation does not differentiate live and dead cells or other debris. 28215962 8 2 with correlations 1453:1464 arg1 p>0.001 1478:1484 p>0.001 1478:1484 p>0.001 1478:1484 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 8 2 with correlations 1453:1464 arg1 OD600 1471:1475 OD600 1471:1475 OD600 (p>0.001) 1471:1485 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 1 3 from composition 332:342 arg1 environment 351:361 the environment 347:361 the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) 347:410 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 4 theme e.g. 467:470 arg1 functions 456:464 various functions 448:464 various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation) 448:493 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 4 theme e.g. 467:470 arg1 degradation 482:492 e.g. cellulose degradation 467:492 e.g. cellulose degradation 467:492 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 8 5 from enumeration 1395:1405 arg1 media 1436:1440 turbid growth media 1422:1440 turbid growth media 1422:1440 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 7 6 theme live 1301:1304 arg1 cells 1316:1320 enumerating live bacterial cells 1289:1320 enumerating live bacterial cells 1289:1320 We therefore sought to adapt and evaluate the SYBR-I/PI technique of enumerating live bacterial cells for a cheaper platform, a fluorimeter. 28215962 13 7 located found 2049:2053 arg2 method 2038:2043 the SYBR-I/PI method 2024:2043 the SYBR-I/PI method 2024:2043 In all, the SYBR-I/PI method was found to be the quickest and most reliable. 28215962 13 7 located found 2049:2053 arg2 quickest 2065:2072 quickest 2065:2072 quickest 2065:2072 In all, the SYBR-I/PI method was found to be the quickest and most reliable. 28215962 13 7 located found 2049:2053 arg1 all 2019:2021 all 2019:2021 all 2019:2021 In all, the SYBR-I/PI method was found to be the quickest and most reliable. 28215962 12 8 theme Plus 1961:1964 arg1 Assay 1977:1981 the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1940:1981 the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1940:1981 An alternative method based on the assessment of total protein using the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay was also evaluated and compared. 28215962 6 9 theme many 1138:1141 arg1 laboratories 1143:1154 many laboratories 1138:1154 many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth 1138:1217 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs however are relatively high and this technique is unavailable in many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth. 28215962 9 10 dep intensity 1577:1585 arg1 unit 1596:1599 standard unit 1587:1599 standard unit 1587:1599 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 9 10 dep intensity 1577:1585 arg1 EFD 1634:1636 the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1602:1637 the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1602:1637 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 5 11 with staining 942:949 arg1 Green 963:967 SYBR I Green 956:967 SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI) 956:1023 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 12 12 theme Bradford 1967:1974 arg1 Assay 1977:1981 the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1940:1981 the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1940:1981 An alternative method based on the assessment of total protein using the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay was also evaluated and compared. 28215962 14 13 from assessing 2244:2252 arg1 monitoring 2169:2178 monitoring 2169:2178 monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2169:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 3 14 theme growth 574:579 arg1 estimation 550:559 ^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation 501:559 ^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation of bacterial growth 501:579 =1,^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation of bacterial growth is performed using spectrophotometric measurement at 600nm (OD600) but this estimation does not differentiate live and dead cells or other debris. 28215962 8 15 theme growth 1429:1434 arg1 media 1436:1440 turbid growth media 1422:1440 turbid growth media 1422:1440 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 7 16 theme bacterial 1306:1314 arg1 cells 1316:1320 enumerating live bacterial cells 1289:1320 enumerating live bacterial cells 1289:1320 We therefore sought to adapt and evaluate the SYBR-I/PI technique of enumerating live bacterial cells for a cheaper platform, a fluorimeter. 28215962 0 17 theme degradation 148:158 arg1 systems 160:166 cellulose degradation systems 138:166 cellulose degradation systems 138:166 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria and its application in monitoring bacterial growth in cellulose degradation systems. 28215962 10 18 theme insoluble 1787:1795 arg1 particles 1797:1805 insoluble particles 1787:1805 insoluble particles 1787:1805 The technique was further evaluated for its usefulness in enumerating bacteria in turbid media containing insoluble particles. 28215962 5 19 theme live 857:860 arg1 bacteria 862:869 live bacteria 857:869 live bacteria 857:869 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 12 20 theme Pierce 1944:1949 arg1 Assay 1977:1981 the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1940:1981 the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1940:1981 An alternative method based on the assessment of total protein using the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay was also evaluated and compared. 28215962 6 21 theme bacteria 1203:1210 arg1 growth 1212:1217 bacteria growth 1203:1217 bacteria growth 1203:1217 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs however are relatively high and this technique is unavailable in many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth. 28215962 1 22 theme engineered 424:433 arg1 bacteria 435:442 engineered bacteria 424:442 engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation) 424:493 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 3 23 theme spectrophotometric 600:617 arg1 measurement 619:629 spectrophotometric measurement 600:629 spectrophotometric measurement 600:629 =1,^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation of bacterial growth is performed using spectrophotometric measurement at 600nm (OD600) but this estimation does not differentiate live and dead cells or other debris. 28215962 14 24 theme systems 2301:2307 arg1 activity 2262:2269 in vivo activity 2254:2269 in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2254:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 14 25 from growth 2183:2188 arg1 microplates 2225:2235 96-well microplates 2217:2235 96-well microplates 2217:2235 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 14 25 from growth 2183:2188 arg1 assessing 2244:2252 assessing 2244:2252 assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2244:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 6 26 theme rapid 1175:1179 arg1 method 1181:1186 a rapid method 1173:1186 a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth 1173:1217 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs however are relatively high and this technique is unavailable in many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth. 28215962 14 27 theme degrading 2284:2292 arg1 systems 2301:2307 cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2274:2307 cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2274:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 0 28 theme bacteria 75:82 arg1 quantification 57:70 direct quantification 50:70 direct quantification of bacteria 50:82 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria and its application in monitoring bacterial growth in cellulose degradation systems. 28215962 13 29 theme SYBR-I/PI 2028:2036 arg1 method 2038:2043 the SYBR-I/PI method 2024:2043 the SYBR-I/PI method 2024:2043 In all, the SYBR-I/PI method was found to be the quickest and most reliable. 28215962 13 29 theme SYBR-I/PI 2028:2036 arg1 quickest 2065:2072 quickest 2065:2072 quickest 2065:2072 In all, the SYBR-I/PI method was found to be the quickest and most reliable. 28215962 1 30 theme Monitoring 169:178 arg1 technique 213:221 an important technique 200:221 an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation) 200:493 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 30 theme Monitoring 169:178 arg1 growth 190:195 Monitoring bacterial growth 169:195 Monitoring bacterial growth 169:195 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 10 31 from bacteria 1751:1758 arg1 media 1770:1774 turbid media 1763:1774 turbid media containing insoluble particles 1763:1805 The technique was further evaluated for its usefulness in enumerating bacteria in turbid media containing insoluble particles. 28215962 1 32 theme e.g. 364:367 arg1 sewage 369:374 e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions 364:409 sewage 369:374 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 5 33 theme suitable 899:906 arg1 method 914:919 a more suitable rapid method 892:919 a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI) 892:1023 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 5 33 theme suitable 899:906 arg1 Enumeration 842:852 Enumeration 842:852 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry 842:887 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 9 34 theme fluorescence 1564:1575 arg1 intensity 1577:1585 a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1562:1637 a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1562:1637 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 5 35 theme SYBR 956:959 arg1 Green 963:967 SYBR I Green 956:967 SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI) 956:1023 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 14 36 from monitoring 2169:2178 arg1 microplates 2225:2235 96-well microplates 2217:2235 96-well microplates 2217:2235 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 14 36 from monitoring 2169:2178 arg1 assessing 2244:2252 assessing 2244:2252 assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2244:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 6 37 from laboratories 1143:1154 arg1 unavailable 1123:1133 unavailable 1123:1133 unavailable 1123:1133 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs however are relatively high and this technique is unavailable in many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth. 28215962 0 38 theme bacterial 118:126 arg1 growth 128:133 bacterial growth 118:133 bacterial growth in cellulose degradation systems 118:166 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria and its application in monitoring bacterial growth in cellulose degradation systems. 28215962 12 39 theme alternative 1874:1884 arg1 method 1886:1891 An alternative method 1871:1891 An alternative method based on the assessment of total protein using the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1871:1981 An alternative method based on the assessment of total protein using the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay was also evaluated and compared. 28215962 4 40 theme live 755:758 arg1 cells 760:764 live cells 755:764 live cells 755:764 Colony counting enumerates live cells but the process is laborious and not suitable for large numbers of samples. 28215962 0 41 theme Two-colour 0:9 arg1 analysis 37:44 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis 0:44 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria 0:82 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria and its application in monitoring bacterial growth in cellulose degradation systems. 28215962 6 42 theme cytometry 1031:1039 arg1 equipment 1041:1049 Flow cytometry equipment 1026:1049 Flow cytometry equipment 1026:1049 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs however are relatively high and this technique is unavailable in many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth. 28215962 14 43 theme 96-well 2217:2223 arg1 microplates 2225:2235 96-well microplates 2217:2235 96-well microplates 2217:2235 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 0 44 theme fluorimetric 24:35 arg1 analysis 37:44 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis 0:44 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria 0:82 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria and its application in monitoring bacterial growth in cellulose degradation systems. 28215962 3 45 dep ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally 513:541 arg1 rapid 544:548 rapid 544:548 rapid 544:548 =1,^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation of bacterial growth is performed using spectrophotometric measurement at 600nm (OD600) but this estimation does not differentiate live and dead cells or other debris. 28215962 7 46 theme enumerating 1289:1299 arg1 cells 1316:1320 enumerating live bacterial cells 1289:1320 enumerating live bacterial cells 1289:1320 We therefore sought to adapt and evaluate the SYBR-I/PI technique of enumerating live bacterial cells for a cheaper platform, a fluorimeter. 28215962 14 47 from microplates 2225:2235 arg1 monitoring 2169:2178 monitoring 2169:2178 monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2169:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 8 48 theme adapted 1377:1383 arg1 enumeration 1395:1405 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration 1361:1405 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media 1361:1440 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 14 49 theme cells 2208:2212 arg1 growth 2183:2188 growth 2183:2188 growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2183:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 1 50 theme bacterial 322:330 arg1 composition 332:342 bacterial composition 322:342 bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) 322:410 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 9 51 theme standard 1587:1594 arg1 unit 1596:1599 standard unit 1587:1599 standard unit 1587:1599 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 9 51 theme standard 1587:1594 arg1 EFD 1634:1636 the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1602:1637 the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1602:1637 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 4 52 theme samples 833:839 arg1 numbers 822:828 large numbers 816:828 large numbers of samples 816:839 Colony counting enumerates live cells but the process is laborious and not suitable for large numbers of samples. 28215962 8 53 theme bacteria 1410:1417 arg1 enumeration 1395:1405 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration 1361:1405 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media 1361:1440 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 5 54 theme Propidium 996:1004 arg1 SYBR-I/PI 1014:1022 SYBR-I/PI 1014:1022 SYBR-I/PI 1014:1022 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 5 54 theme Propidium 996:1004 arg1 Iodide 1006:1011 Propidium Iodide 996:1011 Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI) 996:1023 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 9 55 theme equivalent 1606:1615 arg1 unit 1596:1599 standard unit 1587:1599 standard unit 1587:1599 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 9 55 theme equivalent 1606:1615 arg1 EFD 1634:1636 the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1602:1637 the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1602:1637 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 14 56 theme bacterial 2198:2206 arg1 cells 2208:2212 live bacterial cells 2193:2212 live bacterial cells 2193:2212 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 8 57 theme turbid 1422:1427 arg1 media 1436:1440 turbid growth media 1422:1440 turbid growth media 1422:1440 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 9 58 theme DNA 1629:1631 arg1 unit 1596:1599 standard unit 1587:1599 standard unit 1587:1599 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 9 58 theme DNA 1629:1631 arg1 EFD 1634:1636 the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1602:1637 the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1602:1637 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 8 59 contain had 1442:1444 arg1 enumeration 1395:1405 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration 1361:1405 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media 1361:1440 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 8 59 contain had 1442:1444 arg2 correlations 1453:1464 direct correlations 1446:1464 direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001) 1446:1485 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 3 60 theme other 714:718 arg1 debris 720:725 other debris 714:725 other debris 714:725 =1,^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation of bacterial growth is performed using spectrophotometric measurement at 600nm (OD600) but this estimation does not differentiate live and dead cells or other debris. 28215962 8 61 dep adapted 1377:1383 arg1 fluorimetry 1365:1375 fluorimetry 1365:1375 fluorimetry 1365:1375 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 1 62 theme cellulose 472:480 arg1 functions 456:464 various functions 448:464 various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation) 448:493 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 62 theme cellulose 472:480 arg1 degradation 482:492 e.g. cellulose degradation 467:492 e.g. cellulose degradation 467:492 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 63 theme important 203:211 arg1 technique 213:221 an important technique 200:221 an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation) 200:493 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 63 theme important 203:211 arg1 growth 190:195 Monitoring bacterial growth 169:195 Monitoring bacterial growth 169:195 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 5 64 theme bacteria 862:869 arg1 method 914:919 a more suitable rapid method 892:919 a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI) 892:1023 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 5 64 theme bacteria 862:869 arg1 Enumeration 842:852 Enumeration 842:852 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry 842:887 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 14 65 theme high-throughput 2132:2146 arg1 monitoring 2169:2178 monitoring 2169:2178 monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2169:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 14 65 theme high-throughput 2132:2146 arg1 applications 2148:2159 high-throughput applications 2132:2159 high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2132:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 10 66 theme turbid 1763:1768 arg1 media 1770:1774 turbid media 1763:1774 turbid media containing insoluble particles 1763:1805 The technique was further evaluated for its usefulness in enumerating bacteria in turbid media containing insoluble particles. 28215962 5 67 theme flow 874:877 arg1 cytometry 879:887 flow cytometry 874:887 flow cytometry 874:887 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 12 68 theme Coomassie 1951:1959 arg1 Assay 1977:1981 the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1940:1981 the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1940:1981 An alternative method based on the assessment of total protein using the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay was also evaluated and compared. 28215962 0 69 theme cellulose 138:146 arg1 systems 160:166 cellulose degradation systems 138:166 cellulose degradation systems 138:166 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria and its application in monitoring bacterial growth in cellulose degradation systems. 28215962 3 70 theme bacterial 564:572 arg1 growth 574:579 bacterial growth 564:579 bacterial growth 564:579 =1,^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation of bacterial growth is performed using spectrophotometric measurement at 600nm (OD600) but this estimation does not differentiate live and dead cells or other debris. 28215962 9 71 theme fluorescence 1512:1523 arg1 results 1525:1531 fluorescence results 1512:1531 fluorescence results 1512:1531 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 14 72 dep in 2254:2255 arg1 vivo 2257:2260 vivo 2257:2260 vivo 2257:2260 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 1 73 theme many 236:239 arg1 applications 241:252 many applications 236:252 many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation) 236:493 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 12 74 theme protein 1926:1932 arg1 assessment 1906:1915 the assessment 1902:1915 the assessment of total protein using the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1902:1981 An alternative method based on the assessment of total protein using the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay was also evaluated and compared. 28215962 8 75 theme direct 1446:1451 arg1 correlations 1453:1464 direct correlations 1446:1464 direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001) 1446:1485 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 0 76 from growth 128:133 arg1 systems 160:166 cellulose degradation systems 138:166 cellulose degradation systems 138:166 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria and its application in monitoring bacterial growth in cellulose degradation systems. 28215962 5 77 dep Green 963:967 arg1 SYBR-I/PI 1014:1022 SYBR-I/PI 1014:1022 SYBR-I/PI 1014:1022 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 5 77 dep Green 963:967 arg1 stain 986:990 nucleic acid gel stain 969:990 nucleic acid gel stain 969:990 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 5 77 dep Green 963:967 arg1 Iodide 1006:1011 Propidium Iodide 996:1011 Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI) 996:1023 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 11 78 theme Reproducible 1808:1819 arg1 results 1821:1827 Reproducible results 1808:1827 Reproducible results 1808:1827 Reproducible results were obtained which OD600 could not give. 28215962 4 79 theme Colony 728:733 arg1 counting 735:742 Colony counting 728:742 Colony counting 728:742 Colony counting enumerates live cells but the process is laborious and not suitable for large numbers of samples. 28215962 14 80 theme enzyme 2294:2299 arg1 systems 2301:2307 cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2274:2307 cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2274:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 1 81 theme various 448:454 arg1 functions 456:464 various functions 448:464 various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation) 448:493 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 81 theme various 448:454 arg1 degradation 482:492 e.g. cellulose degradation 467:492 e.g. cellulose degradation 467:492 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 5 82 theme staining 942:949 arg1 use 930:932 the use 926:932 the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI) 926:1023 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 10 83 from usefulness 1725:1734 arg1 bacteria 1751:1758 enumerating bacteria 1739:1758 enumerating bacteria in turbid media containing insoluble particles 1739:1805 The technique was further evaluated for its usefulness in enumerating bacteria in turbid media containing insoluble particles. 28215962 7 84 theme cheaper 1328:1334 arg1 platform 1336:1343 a cheaper platform 1326:1343 a cheaper platform 1326:1343 We therefore sought to adapt and evaluate the SYBR-I/PI technique of enumerating live bacterial cells for a cheaper platform, a fluorimeter. 28215962 7 84 theme cheaper 1328:1334 arg1 fluorimeter 1348:1358 a fluorimeter 1346:1358 a fluorimeter 1346:1358 We therefore sought to adapt and evaluate the SYBR-I/PI technique of enumerating live bacterial cells for a cheaper platform, a fluorimeter. 28215962 14 85 theme cellulose 2274:2282 arg1 systems 2301:2307 cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2274:2307 cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2274:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 1 86 theme bacterial 180:188 arg1 technique 213:221 an important technique 200:221 an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation) 200:493 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 86 theme bacterial 180:188 arg1 growth 190:195 Monitoring bacterial growth 169:195 Monitoring bacterial growth 169:195 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 87 dep drugs 303:307 arg1 e.g. 298:301 e.g. 298:301 e.g. 298:301 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 5 88 theme acid 977:980 arg1 stain 986:990 nucleic acid gel stain 969:990 nucleic acid gel stain 969:990 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 12 89 theme total 1920:1924 arg1 protein 1926:1932 total protein 1920:1932 total protein using the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay 1920:1981 An alternative method based on the assessment of total protein using the Pierce Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay was also evaluated and compared. 28215962 9 90 theme results 1525:1531 arg1 comparison 1498:1507 comparison 1498:1507 comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments 1498:1559 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 10 91 theme enumerating 1739:1749 arg1 bacteria 1751:1758 enumerating bacteria 1739:1758 enumerating bacteria in turbid media containing insoluble particles 1739:1805 The technique was further evaluated for its usefulness in enumerating bacteria in turbid media containing insoluble particles. 28215962 14 92 theme in 2254:2255 arg1 activity 2262:2269 in vivo activity 2254:2269 in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems 2254:2307 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 7 93 theme cells 1316:1320 arg1 technique 1276:1284 the SYBR-I/PI technique 1262:1284 the SYBR-I/PI technique of enumerating live bacterial cells for a cheaper platform, a fluorimeter 1262:1358 We therefore sought to adapt and evaluate the SYBR-I/PI technique of enumerating live bacterial cells for a cheaper platform, a fluorimeter. 28215962 0 94 theme fluorescence 11:22 arg1 analysis 37:44 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis 0:44 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria 0:82 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria and its application in monitoring bacterial growth in cellulose degradation systems. 28215962 1 95 theme food 394:397 arg1 suspensions 399:409 e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions 364:409 suspensions 399:409 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 6 96 theme equipment 1041:1049 arg1 costs 1067:1071 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs 1026:1071 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs 1026:1071 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs however are relatively high and this technique is unavailable in many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth. 28215962 10 97 contain containing 1776:1785 arg1 media 1770:1774 turbid media 1763:1774 turbid media containing insoluble particles 1763:1805 The technique was further evaluated for its usefulness in enumerating bacteria in turbid media containing insoluble particles. 28215962 10 97 contain containing 1776:1785 arg2 particles 1797:1805 insoluble particles 1787:1805 insoluble particles 1787:1805 The technique was further evaluated for its usefulness in enumerating bacteria in turbid media containing insoluble particles. 28215962 5 98 with method 914:919 arg1 use 930:932 the use 926:932 the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI) 926:1023 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 5 99 dep suitable 899:906 arg1 rapid 908:912 rapid 908:912 rapid 908:912 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 6 100 from unavailable 1123:1133 arg1 laboratories 1143:1154 many laboratories 1138:1154 many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth 1138:1217 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs however are relatively high and this technique is unavailable in many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth. 28215962 5 101 theme gel 982:984 arg1 stain 986:990 nucleic acid gel stain 969:990 nucleic acid gel stain 969:990 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 5 102 theme dual 937:940 arg1 staining 942:949 dual staining 937:949 dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI) 937:1023 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 6 103 theme Flow 1026:1029 arg1 cytometry 1031:1039 Flow cytometry 1026:1039 Flow cytometry equipment 1026:1049 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs however are relatively high and this technique is unavailable in many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth. 28215962 1 104 dep environment 351:361 arg1 wastewater 380:389 e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions 364:409 wastewater 380:389 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 104 dep environment 351:361 arg1 suspensions 399:409 e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions 364:409 suspensions 399:409 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 1 104 dep environment 351:361 arg1 sewage 369:374 e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions 364:409 sewage 369:374 Monitoring bacterial growth is an important technique required for many applications such as testing bacteria against compounds (e.g. drugs), evaluating bacterial composition in the environment (e.g. sewage and wastewater or food suspensions) and testing engineered bacteria for various functions (e.g. cellulose degradation). 28215962 0 105 theme direct 50:55 arg1 quantification 57:70 direct quantification 50:70 direct quantification of bacteria 50:82 Two-colour fluorescence fluorimetric analysis for direct quantification of bacteria and its application in monitoring bacterial growth in cellulose degradation systems. 28215962 7 106 theme SYBR-I/PI 1266:1274 arg1 technique 1276:1284 the SYBR-I/PI technique 1262:1284 the SYBR-I/PI technique of enumerating live bacterial cells for a cheaper platform, a fluorimeter 1262:1358 We therefore sought to adapt and evaluate the SYBR-I/PI technique of enumerating live bacterial cells for a cheaper platform, a fluorimeter. 28215962 6 107 theme maintenance 1055:1065 arg1 costs 1067:1071 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs 1026:1071 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs 1026:1071 Flow cytometry equipment and maintenance costs however are relatively high and this technique is unavailable in many laboratories that may require a rapid method for evaluating bacteria growth. 28215962 4 108 theme large 816:820 arg1 numbers 822:828 large numbers 816:828 large numbers of samples 816:839 Colony counting enumerates live cells but the process is laborious and not suitable for large numbers of samples. 28215962 3 109 theme live 691:694 arg1 cells 705:709 live and dead cells 691:709 live and dead cells 691:709 =1,^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation of bacterial growth is performed using spectrophotometric measurement at 600nm (OD600) but this estimation does not differentiate live and dead cells or other debris. 28215962 8 110 theme SYBR-I/PI 1385:1393 arg1 enumeration 1395:1405 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration 1361:1405 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media 1361:1440 The fluorimetry adapted SYBR-I/PI enumeration of bacteria in turbid growth media had direct correlations with OD600 (p>0.001). 28215962 5 111 theme nucleic 969:975 arg1 stain 986:990 nucleic acid gel stain 969:990 nucleic acid gel stain 969:990 Enumeration of live bacteria by flow cytometry is a more suitable rapid method with the use of dual staining with SYBR I Green nucleic acid gel stain and Propidium Iodide (SYBR-I/PI). 28215962 9 112 theme fluorescent 1617:1627 arg1 unit 1596:1599 standard unit 1587:1599 standard unit 1587:1599 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 9 112 theme fluorescent 1617:1627 arg1 EFD 1634:1636 the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1602:1637 the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) 1602:1637 To enable comparison of fluorescence results across labs and instruments, a fluorescence intensity standard unit, the equivalent fluorescent DNA (EFD) was proposed, evaluated and found useful. 28215962 14 113 theme live 2193:2196 arg1 cells 2208:2212 live bacterial cells 2193:2212 live bacterial cells 2193:2212 The protocol is potentially useful for high-throughput applications such as monitoring of growth of live bacterial cells in 96-well microplates and in assessing in vivo activity of cellulose degrading enzyme systems. 28215962 3 114 theme ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally 513:541 arg1 estimation 550:559 ^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation 501:559 ^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation of bacterial growth 501:579 =1,^FigItem(1) ^ReloadFigure=Yesraditionally, rapid estimation of bacterial growth is performed using spectrophotometric measurement at 600nm (OD600) but this estimation does not differentiate live and dead cells or other debris. 26902329 3 0 theme species 629:635 arg1 strains 612:618 the type strains 603:618 the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides 603:661 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 7 1 dep iso-C16  1084:1091 arg1 C18  1097:1100 C18  1097:1100 C18  1097:1100 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 7 1 dep iso-C16  1084:1091 arg1  0 1093:1094  0 1093:1094  0 1093:1094 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 2 2 attach isolated 221:228 arg2 strain 186:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain 128:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain 128:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 2 2 attach isolated 221:228 arg1 Ginkgo 247:252 Ginkgo 247:252 Ginkgo 247:252 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 9 3 theme DNA-DNA 1162:1168 arg1 values 1182:1187 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 1157:1187 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1157:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 9 4 theme relatedness 1170:1180 arg1 values 1182:1187 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 1157:1187 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1157:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 7 5 theme predominant 1046:1056 arg1 acids 1073:1077 the predominant cellular fatty acids 1042:1077 the predominant cellular fatty acids 1042:1077 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 7 5 theme predominant 1046:1056 arg1 iso-C16  1084:1091 iso-C16  1084:1091 iso-C16  1084:1091 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 2 6 theme strain 334:339 arg1 SYP-A7303T 341:350 strain SYP-A7303T 334:350 strain SYP-A7303T 334:350 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 7 7 dep  0 1093:1094 arg1  1ω9c 1102:1106  1ω9c 1102:1106  1ω9c 1102:1106 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 7 7 dep  0 1093:1094 arg1  1ω8c 1117:1121  1ω8c 1117:1121  1ω8c 1117:1121 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 7 7 dep  0 1093:1094 arg1 C17  1112:1115 C17  1112:1115 C17  1112:1115 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 3 8 dep Nocardioides 464:475 arg1 marinus 477:483 marinus 477:483 marinus 477:483 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 10 9 theme name 1547:1550 arg1 sp 1579:1580 the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp 1543:1580 the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp 1543:1580 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 3 10 theme genus 644:648 arg1 Nocardioides 650:661 the genus Nocardioides 640:661 the genus Nocardioides 640:661 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 2 11 theme Phylogenetic 264:275 arg1 analyses 277:284 Phylogenetic analyses 264:284 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 264:317 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 1 12 theme L 125:125 arg1 root 85:88 the root 81:88 the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 81:125 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L. 26902329 10 13 theme strain 1461:1466 arg1 SYP-A7303T 1468:1477 strain SYP-A7303T 1461:1477 strain SYP-A7303T 1461:1477 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 2 14 theme Gram-stain-positive 130:148 arg1 strain 186:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain 128:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain 128:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 2 15 theme genus 367:371 arg1 Nocardioides 373:384 the genus Nocardioides 363:384 the genus Nocardioides 363:384 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 3 16 theme strain 417:422 arg1 SYP-A7303T 424:433 strain SYP-A7303T 417:433 strain SYP-A7303T 417:433 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 6 17 theme polar 894:898 arg1 lipids 900:905 The polar lipids 890:905 The polar lipids 890:905 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown lipid. 26902329 9 18 dep N. 1247:1248 arg1 marinus 1250:1256 marinus 1250:1256 marinus 1250:1256 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 10 19 theme morphological 1359:1371 arg1 characteristics 1420:1434 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1355:1434 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study 1355:1458 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 9 20 theme N. 1273:1274 arg1 strains 1239:1245 the closely related strains 1219:1245 the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1219:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 9 20 theme N. 1273:1274 arg1 11813T 1291:1296 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1273:1296 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1273:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 3 21 theme SYP-A7303T 424:433 arg1 sequence 405:412 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 387:412 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T 387:433 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 0 22 theme ginkgobilobae 13:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp 0:28 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 0:29 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 2 23 theme rRNA 299:302 arg1 sequences 309:317 16S rRNA gene sequences 295:317 16S rRNA gene sequences 295:317 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 3 24 theme Nocardioides 650:661 arg1 species 629:635 other species 623:635 other species of the genus Nocardioides 623:661 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 2 25 dep Ginkgo 247:252 arg1 indicated 319:327 indicated 319:327 indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides 319:384 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 2 25 dep Ginkgo 247:252 arg1 root 239:242 root 239:242 root 239:242 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 2 25 dep Ginkgo 247:252 arg1 L. 261:262 Ginkgo biloba L. 247:262 Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides 247:384 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 2 25 dep Ginkgo 247:252 arg1 the 235:237 the 235:237 the 235:237 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 0 26 theme Nocardioides 0:11 arg1 sp 27:28 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp 0:28 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 0:29 Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 1 27 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 actinobacterium 51:65 an endophytic actinobacterium 37:65 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 37:125 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L. 26902329 1 27 attach isolated 67:74 arg1 root 85:88 the root 81:88 the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 81:125 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L. 26902329 8 28 theme DNA 1128:1130 arg1 content 1136:1142 The DNA G+C content 1124:1142 The DNA G+C content 1124:1142 The DNA G+C content was 72 mol%. 26902329 8 28 theme DNA 1128:1130 arg1 % 1154:1154 72 mol% 1148:1154 72 mol% 1148:1154 The DNA G+C content was 72 mol%. 26902329 5 29 contain contained 745:753 arg1 It 742:743 It 742:743 It 742:743 It contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, with mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose as whole-cell sugars. 26902329 5 29 contain contained 745:753 arg2 acid 777:780 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 755:780 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 755:811 It contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, with mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose as whole-cell sugars. 26902329 2 30 theme 16S 295:297 arg1 sequences 309:317 16S rRNA gene sequences 295:317 16S rRNA gene sequences 295:317 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 8 31 theme G+C 1132:1134 arg1 content 1136:1142 The DNA G+C content 1124:1142 The DNA G+C content 1124:1142 The DNA G+C content was 72 mol%. 26902329 8 31 theme G+C 1132:1134 arg1 % 1154:1154 72 mol% 1148:1154 72 mol% 1148:1154 The DNA G+C content was 72 mol%. 26902329 10 32 theme novel 1492:1496 arg1 species 1498:1504 a novel species 1490:1504 a novel species 1490:1504 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 12 33 theme 100492T = KCTC 1639:1652 arg1 SYP-A7303T 1620:1629 SYP-A7303T 1620:1629 SYP-A7303T ( = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T) 1620:1660 The type strain is SYP-A7303T ( = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T). 26902329 12 33 theme 100492T = KCTC 1639:1652 arg1 39594T 1654:1659  = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T 1632:1659  = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T 1632:1659 The type strain is SYP-A7303T ( = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T). 26902329 12 34 theme  = DSM 1632:1637 arg1 SYP-A7303T 1620:1629 SYP-A7303T 1620:1629 SYP-A7303T ( = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T) 1620:1660 The type strain is SYP-A7303T ( = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T). 26902329 12 34 theme  = DSM 1632:1637 arg1 39594T 1654:1659  = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T 1632:1659  = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T 1632:1659 The type strain is SYP-A7303T ( = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T). 26902329 3 35 theme Nocardioides 523:534 arg1 % 575:575 97.1 % 570:575 97.1 % 570:575 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 3 35 theme Nocardioides 523:534 arg1 GW-9T 547:551 Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T 523:551 Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %) 523:576 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 3 35 theme Nocardioides 523:534 arg1 11813T 561:566  = JCM 11813T 554:566  = JCM 11813T 554:566 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 6 36 theme unknown 994:1000 arg1 lipid 1002:1006 an unknown lipid 991:1006 an unknown lipid 991:1006 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown lipid. 26902329 9 37 theme related 1231:1237 arg1 strains 1239:1245 the closely related strains 1219:1245 the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1219:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 9 37 theme related 1231:1237 arg1 11813T 1291:1296 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1273:1296 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1273:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 9 37 theme related 1231:1237 arg1 15615T 1262:1267 N. marinus JCM 15615T 1247:1267 N. marinus JCM 15615T 1247:1267 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 10 38 theme physiological 1374:1386 arg1 characteristics 1420:1434 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1355:1434 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study 1355:1458 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 2 39 theme actinobacterial 170:184 arg1 strain 186:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain 128:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain 128:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 1 40 theme living 97:102 arg1 L 125:125 the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 93:125 the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 93:125 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L. 26902329 9 41 theme Mean 1157:1160 arg1 values 1182:1187 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 1157:1187 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1157:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 3 42 theme rRNA 395:398 arg1 sequence 405:412 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 387:412 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T 387:433 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 9 43 theme strain 1197:1202 arg1 SYP-A7303T 1204:1213 strain SYP-A7303T 1197:1213 strain SYP-A7303T 1197:1213 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 2 44 theme yellow 163:168 arg1 strain 186:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain 128:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain 128:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 5 45 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 755:775 arg1 acid 777:780 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 755:780 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 755:811 It contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, with mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose as whole-cell sugars. 26902329 3 46 theme gene 400:403 arg1 sequence 405:412 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 387:412 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T 387:433 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 9 47 theme N. 1247:1248 arg1 strains 1239:1245 the closely related strains 1219:1245 the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1219:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 9 47 theme N. 1247:1248 arg1 15615T 1262:1267 N. marinus JCM 15615T 1247:1267 N. marinus JCM 15615T 1247:1267 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 5 48 theme cell-wall 789:797 arg1 peptidoglycan 799:811 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 It contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, with mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose as whole-cell sugars. 26902329 3 49 theme highest 442:448 arg1 similarity 450:459 highest similarity 442:459 highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %) 442:576 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 7 50 theme cellular 1058:1065 arg1 acids 1073:1077 the predominant cellular fatty acids 1042:1077 the predominant cellular fatty acids 1042:1077 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 7 50 theme cellular 1058:1065 arg1 iso-C16  1084:1091 iso-C16  1084:1091 iso-C16  1084:1091 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 2 51 theme aerobic 151:157 arg1 strain 186:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain 128:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain 128:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 5 52 from acid 777:780 arg1 peptidoglycan 799:811 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 It contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, with mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose as whole-cell sugars. 26902329 1 53 theme fossil 104:109 arg1 L 125:125 the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 93:125 the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 93:125 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L. 26902329 3 54 theme 16S 391:393 arg1 rRNA 395:398 The 16S rRNA 387:398 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T 387:433 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 9 55 theme JCM 1258:1260 arg1 strains 1239:1245 the closely related strains 1219:1245 the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1219:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 9 55 theme JCM 1258:1260 arg1 15615T 1262:1267 N. marinus JCM 15615T 1247:1267 N. marinus JCM 15615T 1247:1267 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 3 56 theme Nocardioides 464:475 arg1 CL-DD14T 485:492 Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T 464:492 Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) 464:517 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 3 56 theme Nocardioides 464:475 arg1 15615T 502:507  = JCM 15615T 495:507  = JCM 15615T 495:507 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 3 56 theme Nocardioides 464:475 arg1 % 516:516 98.3 % 511:516 98.3 % 511:516 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 10 57 theme ginkgobilobae 1565:1577 arg1 sp 1579:1580 the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp 1543:1580 the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp 1543:1580 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 4 58 theme NaCl 736:739 arg1 absence 725:731 the absence 721:731 the absence of NaCl 721:739 Strain SYP-A7303T grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. 26902329 1 59 theme Ginkgo 111:116 arg1 L 125:125 the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 93:125 the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 93:125 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L. 26902329 12 60 theme type 1605:1608 arg1 SYP-A7303T 1620:1629 SYP-A7303T 1620:1629 SYP-A7303T ( = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T) 1620:1660 The type strain is SYP-A7303T ( = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T). 26902329 12 60 theme type 1605:1608 arg1 strain 1610:1615 The type strain 1601:1615 The type strain 1601:1615 The type strain is SYP-A7303T ( = DSM 100492T = KCTC 39594T). 26902329 3 61 theme type 607:610 arg1 strains 612:618 the type strains 603:618 the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides 603:661 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 7 62 theme fatty 1067:1071 arg1 acids 1073:1077 the predominant cellular fatty acids 1042:1077 the predominant cellular fatty acids 1042:1077 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 7 62 theme fatty 1067:1071 arg1 iso-C16  1084:1091 iso-C16  1084:1091 iso-C16  1084:1091 The menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. 26902329 1 63 theme biloba 118:123 arg1 L 125:125 the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 93:125 the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 93:125 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L. 26902329 10 64 theme biochemical 1389:1399 arg1 characteristics 1420:1434 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1355:1434 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study 1355:1458 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 9 65 dep strains 1239:1245 arg1 strains 1239:1245 the closely related strains 1219:1245 the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1219:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 9 65 dep strains 1239:1245 arg1 11813T 1291:1296 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1273:1296 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1273:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 9 65 dep strains 1239:1245 arg1 15615T 1262:1267 N. marinus JCM 15615T 1247:1267 N. marinus JCM 15615T 1247:1267 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 5 66 theme whole-cell 871:880 arg1 sugars 882:887 whole-cell sugars 871:887 whole-cell sugars 871:887 It contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, with mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose as whole-cell sugars. 26902329 2 67 theme gene 304:307 arg1 sequences 309:317 16S rRNA gene sequences 295:317 16S rRNA gene sequences 295:317 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and yellow actinobacterial strain, designated SYP-A7303T, was isolated from the root of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7303T belongs to the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 1 68 dep actinobacterium 51:65 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L. 26902329 10 69 theme Nocardioides 1552:1563 arg1 sp 1579:1580 the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp 1543:1580 the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp 1543:1580 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 8 70 theme 72 mol 1148:1153 arg1 content 1136:1142 The DNA G+C content 1124:1142 The DNA G+C content 1124:1142 The DNA G+C content was 72 mol%. 26902329 8 70 theme 72 mol 1148:1153 arg1 % 1154:1154 72 mol% 1148:1154 72 mol% 1148:1154 The DNA G+C content was 72 mol%. 26902329 3 71 dep Nocardioides 523:534 arg1 aquiterrae 536:545 aquiterrae 536:545 aquiterrae 536:545 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 10 72 theme chemotaxonomic 1405:1418 arg1 characteristics 1420:1434 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1355:1434 the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study 1355:1458 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 9 73 theme aquiterrae 1276:1285 arg1 strains 1239:1245 the closely related strains 1219:1245 the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1219:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 9 73 theme aquiterrae 1276:1285 arg1 11813T 1291:1296 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1273:1296 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1273:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 10 74 theme genus 1513:1517 arg1 Nocardioides 1519:1530 the genus Nocardioides 1509:1530 the genus Nocardioides 1509:1530 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 3 75 theme other 623:627 arg1 species 629:635 other species 623:635 other species of the genus Nocardioides 623:661 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SYP-A7303T showed highest similarity to Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14T ( = JCM 15615T) (98.3 %) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T ( = JCM 11813T) (97.1 %), and less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. 26902329 1 76 theme endophytic 40:49 arg1 actinobacterium 51:65 an endophytic actinobacterium 37:65 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L 37:125 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba L. 26902329 10 77 theme Nocardioides 1519:1530 arg1 species 1498:1504 a novel species 1490:1504 a novel species 1490:1504 Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain SYP-A7303T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ginkgobilobae sp. 26902329 9 78 theme JCM 1287:1289 arg1 strains 1239:1245 the closely related strains 1219:1245 the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1219:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 26902329 9 78 theme JCM 1287:1289 arg1 11813T 1291:1296 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1273:1296 N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T 1273:1296 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain SYP-A7303T and the closely related strains N. marinus JCM 15615T and N. aquiterrae JCM 11813T were 62.5 ± 2.4 and 56.5 ± 3.5 %, respectively. 24122924 3 0 from influence 475:483 arg1 growth 502:507 meniscal cell growth 488:507 meniscal cell growth 488:507 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 3 0 from influence 475:483 arg1 expression 518:527 gene expression 513:527 gene expression 513:527 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 4 1 theme Harvest 571:577 arg1 HS-PRP 590:595 HS-PRP 590:595 HS-PRP 590:595 PRP was prepared using Harvest Smartprep (HS-PRP), Cascade Fibrinet (CF-PRP), and a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) from four donors each. 24122924 4 1 theme Harvest 571:577 arg1 Smartprep 579:587 Harvest Smartprep 571:587 Harvest Smartprep (HS-PRP) 571:596 PRP was prepared using Harvest Smartprep (HS-PRP), Cascade Fibrinet (CF-PRP), and a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) from four donors each. 24122924 8 2 theme 96 ng/cm 1060:1067 arg1 TGF-β1 1072:1077 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1 1060:1077 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1 1060:1077 Cumulative release from collagen matrix was 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1, 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1, and 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB. 24122924 10 3 theme collagen 1400:1407 arg1 matrix 1409:1414 fiber reinforced collagen matrix 1383:1414 fiber reinforced collagen matrix 1383:1414 Demonstrating that PRP combined with fiber reinforced collagen matrix could influence meniscal cells and might be of use for treating meniscal defects. 24122924 1 4 theme meniscal 158:165 arg1 cartilage 167:175 meniscal cartilage 158:175 meniscal cartilage 158:175 Damage to meniscal cartilage has been strongly linked to accelerated articular wear and consequently to osteoarthritis. 24122924 6 5 theme total 795:799 arg1 number 801:806 the highest total number 783:806 the highest total number of platelets 783:819 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 2 6 from plasma 345:350 arg1 delivery 299:306 delivery 299:306 delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair 299:424 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 2 6 from plasma 345:350 arg1 factors 318:324 growth factors 311:324 growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) 311:356 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 6 7 contain contained 830:838 arg2 levels 845:850 high levels 840:850 high levels of red and white blood cells 840:879 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 6 7 contain contained 830:838 arg1 HS-PRP 772:777 HS-PRP 772:777 HS-PRP 772:777 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 7 8 theme IGF-1 990:994 arg1 DC-PRP 974:979 DC-PRP 974:979 DC-PRP the most IGF-1 974:994 Absorbed to collagen matrices HS-PRP released the highest levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB with DC-PRP the most IGF-1. 24122924 6 9 theme cells 875:879 arg1 levels 845:850 high levels 840:850 high levels of red and white blood cells 840:879 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 4 10 theme Cascade 599:605 arg1 Fibrinet 607:614 Cascade Fibrinet 599:614 Cascade Fibrinet (CF-PRP) 599:623 PRP was prepared using Harvest Smartprep (HS-PRP), Cascade Fibrinet (CF-PRP), and a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) from four donors each. 24122924 4 10 theme Cascade 599:605 arg1 CF-PRP 617:622 CF-PRP 617:622 CF-PRP 617:622 PRP was prepared using Harvest Smartprep (HS-PRP), Cascade Fibrinet (CF-PRP), and a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) from four donors each. 24122924 10 11 theme meniscal 1432:1439 arg1 cells 1441:1445 meniscal cells 1432:1445 meniscal cells 1432:1445 Demonstrating that PRP combined with fiber reinforced collagen matrix could influence meniscal cells and might be of use for treating meniscal defects. 24122924 5 12 theme cell 760:763 arg1 types 765:769 very few other blood cell types 739:769 very few other blood cell types 739:769 CF-PRP had the highest ratio of platelets, with very few other blood cell types. 24122924 6 13 theme white 863:867 arg1 cells 875:879 red and white blood cells 855:879 red and white blood cells 855:879 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 0 14 theme cultured 117:124 arg1 cells 141:145 cultured human meniscal cells 117:145 cultured human meniscal cells 117:145 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 5 15 theme few 744:746 arg1 types 765:769 very few other blood cell types 739:769 very few other blood cell types 739:769 CF-PRP had the highest ratio of platelets, with very few other blood cell types. 24122924 6 16 theme red 855:857 arg1 cells 875:879 red and white blood cells 855:879 red and white blood cells 855:879 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 0 17 theme meniscal 132:139 arg1 cells 141:145 cultured human meniscal cells 117:145 cultured human meniscal cells 117:145 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 9 18 theme Collagen 1106:1113 arg1 matrix 1115:1120 Collagen matrix 1106:1120 Collagen matrix with PRP 1106:1129 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 7 19 theme collagen 894:901 arg1 matrices 903:910 collagen matrices 894:910 collagen matrices 894:910 Absorbed to collagen matrices HS-PRP released the highest levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB with DC-PRP the most IGF-1. 24122924 4 20 theme simple 632:637 arg1 DC-PRP 660:665 DC-PRP 660:665 DC-PRP 660:665 PRP was prepared using Harvest Smartprep (HS-PRP), Cascade Fibrinet (CF-PRP), and a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) from four donors each. 24122924 4 20 theme simple 632:637 arg1 protocol 650:657 a simple centrifuge protocol 630:657 a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) 630:666 PRP was prepared using Harvest Smartprep (HS-PRP), Cascade Fibrinet (CF-PRP), and a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) from four donors each. 24122924 0 21 theme GAG 53:55 arg1 matrix 57:62 a reinforced collagen GAG matrix 31:62 a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma 31:101 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 5 22 theme other 748:752 arg1 types 765:769 very few other blood cell types 739:769 very few other blood cell types 739:769 CF-PRP had the highest ratio of platelets, with very few other blood cell types. 24122924 7 23 theme Absorbed 882:889 arg1 HS-PRP 912:917 Absorbed to collagen matrices HS-PRP 882:917 Absorbed to collagen matrices HS-PRP 882:917 Absorbed to collagen matrices HS-PRP released the highest levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB with DC-PRP the most IGF-1. 24122924 2 24 from delivery 299:306 arg1 PRP 353:355 PRP 353:355 PRP 353:355 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 2 24 from delivery 299:306 arg1 plasma 345:350 platelet rich plasma 331:350 platelet rich plasma (PRP) 331:356 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 5 25 theme highest 706:712 arg1 ratio 714:718 the highest ratio 702:718 the highest ratio of platelets 702:731 CF-PRP had the highest ratio of platelets, with very few other blood cell types. 24122924 8 26 dep IGF-1 1053:1057 arg1 3 1050:1050 3 1050:1050 3 1050:1050 Cumulative release from collagen matrix was 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1, 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1, and 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB. 24122924 0 27 theme platelet 82:89 arg1 plasma 96:101 platelet rich plasma 82:101 platelet rich plasma 82:101 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 9 28 theme meniscal 1152:1159 arg1 number 1166:1171 meniscal cell number 1152:1171 meniscal cell number 1152:1171 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 2 29 theme reinforced 370:379 arg1 matrix 390:395 a fiber reinforced collagen matrix 362:395 a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair 362:424 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 9 30 with matrix 1115:1120 arg1 PRP 1127:1129 PRP 1127:1129 PRP 1127:1129 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 10 31 theme meniscal 1480:1487 arg1 defects 1489:1495 meniscal defects 1480:1495 meniscal defects 1480:1495 Demonstrating that PRP combined with fiber reinforced collagen matrix could influence meniscal cells and might be of use for treating meniscal defects. 24122924 9 32 theme peripheral 1179:1188 arg1 blood 1196:1200 peripheral whole blood 1179:1200 peripheral whole blood 1179:1200 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 8 33 dep PDGF-AB 1097:1103 arg1 3 1094:1094 3 1094:1094 3 1094:1094 Cumulative release from collagen matrix was 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1, 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1, and 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB. 24122924 0 34 theme growth 11:16 arg1 factors 18:24 growth factors 11:24 growth factors 11:24 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 6 35 theme highest 787:793 arg1 number 801:806 the highest total number 783:806 the highest total number of platelets 783:819 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 9 36 dep Elastin 1274:1280 arg1 4.0 ± 1.4-fold 1315:1328 4.0 ± 1.4-fold 1315:1328 4.0 ± 1.4-fold 1315:1328 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 9 36 dep Elastin 1274:1280 arg1 2.9 ± 0.6-fold 1299:1312 2.9 ± 0.6-fold 1299:1312 2.9 ± 0.6-fold 1299:1312 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 9 36 dep Elastin 1274:1280 arg1 3.3 ± 0.8-fold 1283:1296 3.3 ± 0.8-fold 1283:1296 3.3 ± 0.8-fold 1283:1296 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 8 37 dep TGF-β1 1072:1077 arg1 3 1069:1069 3 1069:1069 3 1069:1069 Cumulative release from collagen matrix was 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1, 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1, and 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB. 24122924 2 38 theme rich 340:343 arg1 PRP 353:355 PRP 353:355 PRP 353:355 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 2 38 theme rich 340:343 arg1 plasma 345:350 platelet rich plasma 331:350 platelet rich plasma (PRP) 331:356 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 0 39 theme reinforced 33:42 arg1 matrix 57:62 a reinforced collagen GAG matrix 31:62 a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma 31:101 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 3 40 theme growth 455:460 arg1 factors 462:468 growth factors 455:468 growth factors 455:468 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 9 41 theme Aggrecan 1238:1245 arg1 expression 1224:1233 gene expression 1219:1233 gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively) 1219:1343 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 8 42 theme collagen 1021:1028 arg1 matrix 1030:1035 collagen matrix 1021:1035 collagen matrix 1021:1035 Cumulative release from collagen matrix was 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1, 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1, and 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB. 24122924 10 43 theme reinforced 1389:1398 arg1 matrix 1409:1414 fiber reinforced collagen matrix 1383:1414 fiber reinforced collagen matrix 1383:1414 Demonstrating that PRP combined with fiber reinforced collagen matrix could influence meniscal cells and might be of use for treating meniscal defects. 24122924 1 44 attach linked 195:200 arg2 Damage 148:153 Damage 148:153 Damage to meniscal cartilage 148:175 Damage to meniscal cartilage has been strongly linked to accelerated articular wear and consequently to osteoarthritis. 24122924 1 44 attach linked 195:200 arg1 wear 227:230 wear 227:230 wear 227:230 Damage to meniscal cartilage has been strongly linked to accelerated articular wear and consequently to osteoarthritis. 24122924 1 44 attach linked 195:200 arg1 osteoarthritis 252:265 osteoarthritis 252:265 osteoarthritis 252:265 Damage to meniscal cartilage has been strongly linked to accelerated articular wear and consequently to osteoarthritis. 24122924 2 45 dep reinforced 370:379 arg1 fiber 364:368 fiber 364:368 fiber 364:368 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 3 46 theme meniscal 488:495 arg1 growth 502:507 meniscal cell growth 488:507 meniscal cell growth 488:507 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 9 47 theme Collagen 1248:1255 arg1 type 1257:1260 Collagen type I 1248:1262 Collagen type I (α1) 1248:1267 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 9 47 theme Collagen 1248:1255 arg1 α1 1265:1266 α1 1265:1266 α1 1265:1266 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 0 48 theme collagen 44:51 arg1 matrix 57:62 a reinforced collagen GAG matrix 31:62 a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma 31:101 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 6 49 theme high 840:843 arg1 levels 845:850 high levels 840:850 high levels of red and white blood cells 840:879 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 0 50 dep Release 0:6 arg1 Influence 104:112 Influence 104:112 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 0:146 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 0 51 from Influence 104:112 arg1 cells 141:145 cultured human meniscal cells 117:145 cultured human meniscal cells 117:145 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 3 52 theme gene 513:516 arg1 expression 518:527 gene expression 513:527 gene expression 513:527 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 6 53 theme platelets 811:819 arg1 number 801:806 the highest total number 783:806 the highest total number of platelets 783:819 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 2 54 theme growth 311:316 arg1 factors 318:324 growth factors 311:324 growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) 311:356 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 9 55 theme Elastin 1274:1280 arg1 expression 1224:1233 gene expression 1219:1233 gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively) 1219:1343 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 5 56 theme blood 754:758 arg1 types 765:769 very few other blood cell types 739:769 very few other blood cell types 739:769 CF-PRP had the highest ratio of platelets, with very few other blood cell types. 24122924 6 57 theme blood 869:873 arg1 cells 875:879 red and white blood cells 855:879 red and white blood cells 855:879 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 7 58 theme PDGF-AB 961:967 arg1 levels 940:945 the highest levels 928:945 the highest levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB 928:967 Absorbed to collagen matrices HS-PRP released the highest levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB with DC-PRP the most IGF-1. 24122924 0 59 from matrix 57:62 arg1 Release 0:6 Release 0:6 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 0:146 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 7 60 theme TGF-β1 950:955 arg1 levels 940:945 the highest levels 928:945 the highest levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB 928:967 Absorbed to collagen matrices HS-PRP released the highest levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB with DC-PRP the most IGF-1. 24122924 7 61 theme highest 932:938 arg1 levels 940:945 the highest levels 928:945 the highest levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB 928:967 Absorbed to collagen matrices HS-PRP released the highest levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB with DC-PRP the most IGF-1. 24122924 8 62 theme 9.6 ng/cm 1084:1092 arg1 PDGF-AB 1097:1103 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB 1084:1103 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB 1084:1103 Cumulative release from collagen matrix was 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1, 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1, and 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB. 24122924 6 63 contain had 779:781 arg2 number 801:806 the highest total number 783:806 the highest total number of platelets 783:819 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 6 63 contain had 779:781 arg1 HS-PRP 772:777 HS-PRP 772:777 HS-PRP 772:777 HS-PRP had the highest total number of platelets but also contained high levels of red and white blood cells. 24122924 4 64 dep donors 678:683 arg1 each 685:688 each 685:688 each 685:688 PRP was prepared using Harvest Smartprep (HS-PRP), Cascade Fibrinet (CF-PRP), and a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) from four donors each. 24122924 8 65 from matrix 1030:1035 arg1 release 1008:1014 Cumulative release 997:1014 Cumulative release from collagen matrix 997:1035 Cumulative release from collagen matrix was 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1, 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1, and 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB. 24122924 5 66 contain had 698:700 arg2 ratio 714:718 the highest ratio 702:718 the highest ratio of platelets 702:731 CF-PRP had the highest ratio of platelets, with very few other blood cell types. 24122924 5 66 contain had 698:700 arg1 CF-PRP 691:696 CF-PRP 691:696 CF-PRP 691:696 CF-PRP had the highest ratio of platelets, with very few other blood cell types. 24122924 4 67 theme centrifuge 639:648 arg1 DC-PRP 660:665 DC-PRP 660:665 DC-PRP 660:665 PRP was prepared using Harvest Smartprep (HS-PRP), Cascade Fibrinet (CF-PRP), and a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) from four donors each. 24122924 4 67 theme centrifuge 639:648 arg1 protocol 650:657 a simple centrifuge protocol 630:657 a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) 630:666 PRP was prepared using Harvest Smartprep (HS-PRP), Cascade Fibrinet (CF-PRP), and a simple centrifuge protocol (DC-PRP) from four donors each. 24122924 0 68 theme rich 91:94 arg1 plasma 96:101 platelet rich plasma 82:101 platelet rich plasma 82:101 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 2 69 theme factors 318:324 arg1 delivery 299:306 delivery 299:306 delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair 299:424 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 9 70 theme cell 1161:1164 arg1 number 1166:1171 meniscal cell number 1152:1171 meniscal cell number 1152:1171 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 3 71 theme PRP 427:429 arg1 composition 431:441 PRP composition 427:441 PRP composition 427:441 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 0 72 theme human 126:130 arg1 cells 141:145 cultured human meniscal cells 117:145 cultured human meniscal cells 117:145 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 0 73 theme factors 18:24 arg1 Release 0:6 Release 0:6 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 0:146 Release of growth factors from a reinforced collagen GAG matrix supplemented with platelet rich plasma: Influence on cultured human meniscal cells. 24122924 9 74 theme whole 1190:1194 arg1 blood 1196:1200 peripheral whole blood 1179:1200 peripheral whole blood 1179:1200 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 2 75 theme meniscal 410:417 arg1 repair 419:424 meniscal repair 410:424 meniscal repair 410:424 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 8 76 theme Cumulative 997:1006 arg1 release 1008:1014 Cumulative release 997:1014 Cumulative release from collagen matrix 997:1035 Cumulative release from collagen matrix was 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1, 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1, and 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB. 24122924 3 77 from composition 431:441 arg1 growth 502:507 meniscal cell growth 488:507 meniscal cell growth 488:507 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 3 77 from composition 431:441 arg1 expression 518:527 gene expression 513:527 gene expression 513:527 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 2 78 theme collagen 381:388 arg1 matrix 390:395 a fiber reinforced collagen matrix 362:395 a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair 362:424 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 5 79 theme platelets 723:731 arg1 ratio 714:718 the highest ratio 702:718 the highest ratio of platelets 702:731 CF-PRP had the highest ratio of platelets, with very few other blood cell types. 24122924 9 80 theme gene 1219:1222 arg1 expression 1224:1233 gene expression 1219:1233 gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively) 1219:1343 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 24122924 3 81 from release 444:450 arg1 growth 502:507 meniscal cell growth 488:507 meniscal cell growth 488:507 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 3 81 from release 444:450 arg1 expression 518:527 gene expression 513:527 gene expression 513:527 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 2 82 theme platelet 331:338 arg1 PRP 353:355 PRP 353:355 PRP 353:355 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 2 82 theme platelet 331:338 arg1 plasma 345:350 platelet rich plasma 331:350 platelet rich plasma (PRP) 331:356 Damage might be ameliorated by delivery of growth factors from platelet rich plasma (PRP) via a fiber reinforced collagen matrix designed for meniscal repair. 24122924 3 83 theme factors 462:468 arg1 release 444:450 release 444:450 release of growth factors 444:468 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 3 83 theme factors 462:468 arg1 influence 475:483 influence 475:483 influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression 475:527 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 3 83 theme factors 462:468 arg1 composition 431:441 PRP composition 427:441 PRP composition 427:441 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 8 84 theme 48 ng/cm 1041:1048 arg1 IGF-1 1053:1057 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1 1041:1057 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1 1041:1057 Cumulative release from collagen matrix was 48 ng/cm(3) IGF-1, 96 ng/cm(3) TGF-β1, and 9.6 ng/cm(3) PDGF-AB. 24122924 10 85 theme fiber 1383:1387 arg1 matrix 1409:1414 fiber reinforced collagen matrix 1383:1414 fiber reinforced collagen matrix 1383:1414 Demonstrating that PRP combined with fiber reinforced collagen matrix could influence meniscal cells and might be of use for treating meniscal defects. 24122924 3 86 theme cell 497:500 arg1 growth 502:507 meniscal cell growth 488:507 meniscal cell growth 488:507 PRP composition, release of growth factors, and influence on meniscal cell growth and gene expression were investigated. 24122924 9 87 theme type 1257:1260 arg1 expression 1224:1233 gene expression 1219:1233 gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively) 1219:1343 Collagen matrix with PRP was able to increase meniscal cell number above peripheral whole blood and up-regulated gene expression of Aggrecan, Collagen type I (α1), and Elastin (3.3 ± 0.8-fold, 2.9 ± 0.6-fold, 4.0 ± 1.4-fold, respectively). 29061785 4 0 theme MRMT-1 537:542 arg1 tumor 544:548 MRMT-1 tumor 537:548 MRMT-1 tumor 537:548 The antitumor effect was assessed using rats bearing MRMT-1 tumor. 29061785 2 1 theme CDDP 331:334 arg1 concentration 336:348 CDDP concentration 331:348 CDDP concentration 331:348 Each had the same lipid composition and CDDP concentration, but a different drug-to-lipid ratio. 29061785 8 2 theme antitumor 1035:1043 arg1 effects 1045:1051 antitumor effects 1035:1051 antitumor effects 1035:1051 CONCLUSION CDDP-SLX-LIP exhibited antitumor effects depending on their release behavior and tumor accumulation. 29061785 6 3 theme significant 816:826 arg1 loss 835:838 significant weight loss 816:838 significant weight loss 816:838 Treatment with the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs resulted in comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects, but treatment with CDDP solution resulted in significant weight loss and an elevated BUN. 29061785 1 4 theme liposomes 236:244 arg1 characteristics 164:178 the characteristics 160:178 the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size 160:288 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 7 5 theme CDDP 929:932 arg1 solution 934:941 CDDP solution 929:941 CDDP solution 929:941 Tumor accumulation of CDDP-SLX-LIP was clearly greater than that of CDDP solution and accumulation of S-LIP was greater than that of L-LIP. 29061785 0 6 theme Antitumor 87:95 arg1 Efficacy 97:104 Antitumor Efficacy 87:104 Antitumor Efficacy 87:104 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 0 6 theme Antitumor 87:95 arg1 Liposomes 42:50 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes 0:50 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 0:105 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 3 7 theme ICP 472:474 arg1 method 476:481 the ICP method 468:481 the ICP method 468:481 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates was determined by the ICP method. 29061785 6 8 theme elevated 847:854 arg1 BUN 856:858 an elevated BUN 844:858 an elevated BUN 844:858 Treatment with the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs resulted in comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects, but treatment with CDDP solution resulted in significant weight loss and an elevated BUN. 29061785 2 9 theme drug-to-lipid 367:379 arg1 ratio 381:385 a different drug-to-lipid ratio 355:385 a different drug-to-lipid ratio 355:385 Each had the same lipid composition and CDDP concentration, but a different drug-to-lipid ratio. 29061785 5 10 theme larger 592:597 arg1 L-LIP 621:625 L-LIP 621:625 L-LIP 621:625 RESULTS CDDP release was faster from the larger liposome formulation (L-LIP) than from the smaller one (S-LIP). 29061785 5 10 theme larger 592:597 arg1 formulation 608:618 the larger liposome formulation 588:618 the larger liposome formulation (L-LIP) 588:626 RESULTS CDDP release was faster from the larger liposome formulation (L-LIP) than from the smaller one (S-LIP). 29061785 6 11 theme obvious 749:755 arg1 side-effects 757:768 obvious side-effects 749:768 obvious side-effects 749:768 Treatment with the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs resulted in comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects, but treatment with CDDP solution resulted in significant weight loss and an elevated BUN. 29061785 2 12 theme different 357:365 arg1 ratio 381:385 a different drug-to-lipid ratio 355:385 a different drug-to-lipid ratio 355:385 Each had the same lipid composition and CDDP concentration, but a different drug-to-lipid ratio. 29061785 5 13 theme liposome 599:606 arg1 L-LIP 621:625 L-LIP 621:625 L-LIP 621:625 RESULTS CDDP release was faster from the larger liposome formulation (L-LIP) than from the smaller one (S-LIP). 29061785 5 13 theme liposome 599:606 arg1 formulation 608:618 the larger liposome formulation 588:618 the larger liposome formulation (L-LIP) 588:626 RESULTS CDDP release was faster from the larger liposome formulation (L-LIP) than from the smaller one (S-LIP). 29061785 3 14 theme METHODS 402:408 arg1 amount 414:419 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount 388:419 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates 388:448 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates was determined by the ICP method. 29061785 3 14 theme METHODS 402:408 arg1 platinum 424:431 platinum 424:431 platinum 424:431 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates was determined by the ICP method. 29061785 0 15 theme Cisplatin-loaded 0:15 arg1 Biodistribution 67:81 Biodistribution 67:81 Biodistribution 67:81 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 0 15 theme Cisplatin-loaded 0:15 arg1 Liposomes 42:50 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes 0:50 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 0:105 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 0 15 theme Cisplatin-loaded 0:15 arg1 Release 58:64 Drug Release 53:64 Drug Release 53:64 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 0 15 theme Cisplatin-loaded 0:15 arg1 Efficacy 97:104 Antitumor Efficacy 87:104 Antitumor Efficacy 87:104 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 5 16 theme RESULTS 551:557 arg1 release 564:570 RESULTS CDDP release 551:570 RESULTS CDDP release 551:570 RESULTS CDDP release was faster from the larger liposome formulation (L-LIP) than from the smaller one (S-LIP). 29061785 6 17 with treatment 775:783 arg1 solution 795:802 CDDP solution 790:802 CDDP solution 790:802 Treatment with the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs resulted in comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects, but treatment with CDDP solution resulted in significant weight loss and an elevated BUN. 29061785 7 18 theme CDDP-SLX-LIP 883:894 arg1 accumulation 867:878 Tumor accumulation 861:878 Tumor accumulation of CDDP-SLX-LIP 861:894 Tumor accumulation of CDDP-SLX-LIP was clearly greater than that of CDDP solution and accumulation of S-LIP was greater than that of L-LIP. 29061785 5 19 theme CDDP 559:562 arg1 release 564:570 RESULTS CDDP release 551:570 RESULTS CDDP release 551:570 RESULTS CDDP release was faster from the larger liposome formulation (L-LIP) than from the smaller one (S-LIP). 29061785 0 20 theme Sialyl 18:23 arg1 Lewis 25:29 Sialyl Lewis 18:29 Sialyl Lewis 18:29 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 1 21 theme different 266:274 arg1 size 285:288 different particle size 266:288 different particle size 266:288 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 1 22 theme BACKGROUND/AIM 107:120 arg1 aim 126:128 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim 107:128 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study 107:142 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 3 23 theme MATERIALS 388:396 arg1 amount 414:419 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount 388:419 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates 388:448 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates was determined by the ICP method. 29061785 3 23 theme MATERIALS 388:396 arg1 platinum 424:431 platinum 424:431 platinum 424:431 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates was determined by the ICP method. 29061785 1 24 theme particle 276:283 arg1 size 285:288 different particle size 266:288 different particle size 266:288 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 8 25 dep release 1072:1078 arg1 behavior 1080:1087 behavior 1080:1087 behavior 1080:1087 CONCLUSION CDDP-SLX-LIP exhibited antitumor effects depending on their release behavior and tumor accumulation. 29061785 6 26 theme weight 828:833 arg1 loss 835:838 significant weight loss 816:838 significant weight loss 816:838 Treatment with the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs resulted in comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects, but treatment with CDDP solution resulted in significant weight loss and an elevated BUN. 29061785 3 27 theme platinum 424:431 arg1 amount 414:419 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount 388:419 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates 388:448 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates was determined by the ICP method. 29061785 3 27 theme platinum 424:431 arg1 platinum 424:431 platinum 424:431 platinum 424:431 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates was determined by the ICP method. 29061785 1 28 dep -loaded 203:209 arg1 X-modified 225:234 X-modified 225:234 X-modified 225:234 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 6 29 theme comparable 712:721 arg1 effects 733:739 comparable antitumor effects 712:739 comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects 712:768 Treatment with the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs resulted in comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects, but treatment with CDDP solution resulted in significant weight loss and an elevated BUN. 29061785 0 30 theme Drug 53:56 arg1 Liposomes 42:50 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes 0:50 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 0:105 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 0 30 theme Drug 53:56 arg1 Release 58:64 Drug Release 53:64 Drug Release 53:64 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 4 31 theme antitumor 488:496 arg1 effect 498:503 The antitumor effect 484:503 The antitumor effect 484:503 The antitumor effect was assessed using rats bearing MRMT-1 tumor. 29061785 0 32 dep Liposomes 42:50 arg1 Biodistribution 67:81 Biodistribution 67:81 Biodistribution 67:81 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 0 32 dep Liposomes 42:50 arg1 Efficacy 97:104 Antitumor Efficacy 87:104 Antitumor Efficacy 87:104 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 0 32 dep Liposomes 42:50 arg1 Release 58:64 Drug Release 53:64 Drug Release 53:64 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 0 32 dep Liposomes 42:50 arg1 Liposomes 42:50 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes 0:50 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 0:105 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 6 33 theme antitumor 723:731 arg1 effects 733:739 comparable antitumor effects 712:739 comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects 712:768 Treatment with the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs resulted in comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects, but treatment with CDDP solution resulted in significant weight loss and an elevated BUN. 29061785 1 34 theme The 122:124 arg1 aim 126:128 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim 107:128 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study 107:142 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 8 35 theme CONCLUSION 1001:1010 arg1 CDDP-SLX-LIP 1012:1023 CONCLUSION CDDP-SLX-LIP 1001:1023 CONCLUSION CDDP-SLX-LIP 1001:1023 CONCLUSION CDDP-SLX-LIP exhibited antitumor effects depending on their release behavior and tumor accumulation. 29061785 7 36 theme S-LIP 963:967 arg1 accumulation 947:958 accumulation 947:958 accumulation of S-LIP 947:967 Tumor accumulation of CDDP-SLX-LIP was clearly greater than that of CDDP solution and accumulation of S-LIP was greater than that of L-LIP. 29061785 2 37 theme lipid 309:313 arg1 composition 315:325 the same lipid composition 300:325 the same lipid composition 300:325 Each had the same lipid composition and CDDP concentration, but a different drug-to-lipid ratio. 29061785 2 38 contain had 296:298 arg2 composition 315:325 the same lipid composition 300:325 the same lipid composition 300:325 Each had the same lipid composition and CDDP concentration, but a different drug-to-lipid ratio. 29061785 2 38 contain had 296:298 arg2 concentration 336:348 CDDP concentration 331:348 CDDP concentration 331:348 Each had the same lipid composition and CDDP concentration, but a different drug-to-lipid ratio. 29061785 2 38 contain had 296:298 arg1 Each 291:294 Each 291:294 Each 291:294 Each had the same lipid composition and CDDP concentration, but a different drug-to-lipid ratio. 29061785 2 38 contain had 296:298 arg2 ratio 381:385 a different drug-to-lipid ratio 355:385 a different drug-to-lipid ratio 355:385 Each had the same lipid composition and CDDP concentration, but a different drug-to-lipid ratio. 29061785 8 39 theme tumor 1093:1097 arg1 accumulation 1099:1110 tumor accumulation 1093:1110 tumor accumulation 1093:1110 CONCLUSION CDDP-SLX-LIP exhibited antitumor effects depending on their release behavior and tumor accumulation. 29061785 2 40 theme same 304:307 arg1 composition 315:325 the same lipid composition 300:325 the same lipid composition 300:325 Each had the same lipid composition and CDDP concentration, but a different drug-to-lipid ratio. 29061785 1 41 theme -loaded 203:209 arg1 liposomes 236:244 two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes 183:244 two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) 183:259 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 1 41 theme -loaded 203:209 arg1 CDDP-SLX-LIP 247:258 CDDP-SLX-LIP 247:258 CDDP-SLX-LIP 247:258 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 1 42 with characteristics 164:178 arg1 size 285:288 different particle size 266:288 different particle size 266:288 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 6 43 theme CDDP 790:793 arg1 solution 795:802 CDDP solution 790:802 CDDP solution 790:802 Treatment with the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs resulted in comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects, but treatment with CDDP solution resulted in significant weight loss and an elevated BUN. 29061785 1 44 theme study 138:142 arg1 aim 126:128 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim 107:128 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study 107:142 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 7 45 theme Tumor 861:865 arg1 accumulation 867:878 Tumor accumulation 861:878 Tumor accumulation of CDDP-SLX-LIP 861:894 Tumor accumulation of CDDP-SLX-LIP was clearly greater than that of CDDP solution and accumulation of S-LIP was greater than that of L-LIP. 29061785 1 46 theme sialyl 212:217 arg1 Lewis 219:223 sialyl Lewis 212:223 sialyl Lewis 212:223 BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded, sialyl Lewis X-modified liposomes (CDDP-SLX-LIP) with different particle size. 29061785 0 47 dep Cisplatin-loaded 0:15 arg1 X-Modified 31:40 X-Modified 31:40 X-Modified 31:40 Cisplatin-loaded, Sialyl Lewis X-Modified Liposomes: Drug Release, Biodistribution and Antitumor Efficacy. 29061785 3 48 from amount 414:419 arg1 filtrates 440:448 the filtrates 436:448 the filtrates 436:448 MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of platinum in the filtrates was determined by the ICP method. 29061785 6 49 with Treatment 663:671 arg1 CDDP-SLX-LIPs 686:698 the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs 678:698 the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs 678:698 Treatment with the two CDDP-SLX-LIPs resulted in comparable antitumor effects without obvious side-effects, but treatment with CDDP solution resulted in significant weight loss and an elevated BUN. 24871779 8 0 theme genomic 939:945 arg1 analyses 976:983 genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses 939:983 genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses 939:983 Based on genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, KUDC0114(T) should be classified as representing novel species within the genus Paenibacillus. 24871779 4 1 theme rRNA 444:447 arg1 sequences 454:462 16S rRNA gene sequences 440:462 16S rRNA gene sequences 440:462 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 5 2 theme predominant 666:676 arg1 menaquinone-7 690:702 menaquinone-7 690:702 menaquinone-7 690:702 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A1γ type, and the predominant quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 24871779 5 2 theme predominant 666:676 arg1 quinone 678:684 the predominant quinone 662:684 the predominant quinone 662:684 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A1γ type, and the predominant quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 24871779 2 3 theme endospore-forming 120:136 arg1 strain 163:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain 94:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain 94:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 9 4 theme dongdonensis 1104:1115 arg1 sp 1117:1118 The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp 1081:1118 The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp 1081:1118 The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp. 24871779 8 5 theme phenotypic 948:957 arg1 analyses 976:983 genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses 939:983 genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses 939:983 Based on genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, KUDC0114(T) should be classified as representing novel species within the genus Paenibacillus. 24871779 4 6 theme sequences 454:462 arg1 analysis 428:435 phylogenetic analysis 415:435 phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 415:462 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 7 7 theme strain 810:815 arg1 T 826:826 T 826:826 T 826:826 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. 24871779 7 7 theme strain 810:815 arg1 KUDC0114 817:824 strain KUDC0114 810:824 strain KUDC0114(T) 810:827 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. 24871779 1 8 theme rhizospheric 51:62 arg1 soil 64:67 rhizospheric soil 51:67 rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis 51:91 nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis. 24871779 4 9 theme Paenibacillus 518:530 arg1 genus 512:516 the genus Paenibacillus 508:530 the genus Paenibacillus 508:530 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 11 10 theme T 1183:1183 arg1 T 1198:1198 T 1198:1198 T 1198:1198 The type strain is KUDC0114(T) ( = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221(T)). 24871779 11 10 theme T 1183:1183 arg1  = KCTC33221 1185:1196  = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221 1171:1196  = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221(T) 1171:1199 The type strain is KUDC0114(T) ( = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221(T)). 24871779 9 11 theme Paenibacillus 1090:1102 arg1 sp 1117:1118 The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp 1081:1118 The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp 1081:1118 The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp. 24871779 7 12 theme 44.30 918:922 arg1 mol 924:926 mol 924:926 mol 924:926 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. 24871779 7 13 theme DNA-DNA 785:791 arg1 hybridization 793:805 The DNA-DNA hybridization 781:805 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains 781:851 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. 24871779 4 14 theme genus 512:516 arg1 member 498:503 a member 496:503 a member of the genus Paenibacillus 496:530 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 5 15 theme A1γ 648:650 arg1 peptidoglycan 630:642 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 616:642 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 616:642 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A1γ type, and the predominant quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 24871779 5 15 theme A1γ 648:650 arg1 type 652:655 A1γ type 648:655 A1γ type 648:655 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A1γ type, and the predominant quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 24871779 4 16 theme phylogenetic 415:426 arg1 analysis 428:435 phylogenetic analysis 415:435 phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 415:462 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 7 17 theme G+C 902:904 arg1 content 906:912 its DNA G+C content 894:912 its DNA G+C content 894:912 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. 24871779 2 18 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 one 275:277 one 275:277 one 275:277 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 2 18 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 strain 163:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain 94:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain 94:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 2 18 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 soil 226:229 rhizospheric soil 213:229 rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis 213:253 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 2 18 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 largest 286:292 largest 286:292 largest 286:292 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 2 18 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 Island 267:272 Dongdo Island 260:272 Dongdo Island 260:272 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 11 19 theme type 1143:1146 arg1 KUDC0114 1158:1165 KUDC0114 1158:1165 KUDC0114 1158:1165 The type strain is KUDC0114(T) ( = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221(T)). 24871779 11 19 theme type 1143:1146 arg1 strain 1148:1153 The type strain 1139:1153 The type strain 1139:1153 The type strain is KUDC0114(T) ( = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221(T)). 24871779 4 20 theme 16S 440:442 arg1 sequences 454:462 16S rRNA gene sequences 440:462 16S rRNA gene sequences 440:462 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 1 21 theme Elymus 72:77 arg1 tsukushiensis 79:91 Elymus tsukushiensis 72:91 Elymus tsukushiensis 72:91 nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis. 24871779 4 22 theme BCRC 592:595 arg1 17757 597:601 Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757 564:601 Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%) 564:613 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 4 22 theme BCRC 592:595 arg1 % 612:612 98.46% 607:612 98.46% 607:612 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 4 22 theme BCRC 592:595 arg1 T 603:603 T 603:603 T 603:603 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 0 23 theme dongdonensis 14:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp. 24871779 2 24 theme bacterial 153:161 arg1 strain 163:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain 94:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain 94:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 1 25 theme tsukushiensis 79:91 arg1 soil 64:67 rhizospheric soil 51:67 rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis 51:91 nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis. 24871779 7 26 theme 23 873:874 arg1 % 875:875 % 875:875 % 875:875 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. 24871779 8 27 theme novel 1035:1039 arg1 species 1041:1047 novel species 1035:1047 novel species within the genus Paenibacillus 1035:1078 Based on genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, KUDC0114(T) should be classified as representing novel species within the genus Paenibacillus. 24871779 0 28 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp. 24871779 7 29 theme DNA 898:900 arg1 content 906:912 its DNA G+C content 894:912 its DNA G+C content 894:912 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. 24871779 3 30 theme optimal 350:356 arg1 growth 358:363 optimal growth 350:363 optimal growth 350:363 The strain displayed optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 8.5 in the absence of NaCl. 24871779 11 31 dep KUDC0114 1158:1165 arg1 T 1198:1198 T 1198:1198 T 1198:1198 The type strain is KUDC0114(T) ( = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221(T)). 24871779 11 31 dep KUDC0114 1158:1165 arg1  = KCTC33221 1185:1196  = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221 1171:1196  = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221(T) 1171:1199 The type strain is KUDC0114(T) ( = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221(T)). 24871779 2 32 theme largest 286:292 arg1 one 275:277 one 275:277 one 275:277 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 2 32 theme largest 286:292 arg1 largest 286:292 largest 286:292 largest 286:292 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 2 32 theme largest 286:292 arg1 Island 267:272 Dongdo Island 260:272 Dongdo Island 260:272 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 6 33 dep anteiso-C 748:756 arg1 15  758:760 15  758:760 15 : 0 758:763 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24871779 3 34 theme NaCl 400:403 arg1 absence 389:395 the absence 385:395 the absence of NaCl 385:403 The strain displayed optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 8.5 in the absence of NaCl. 24871779 2 35 theme Elymus 234:239 arg1 tsukushiensis 241:253 Elymus tsukushiensis 234:253 Elymus tsukushiensis 234:253 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 4 36 theme taichungensis 578:590 arg1 17757 597:601 Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757 564:601 Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%) 564:613 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 4 36 theme taichungensis 578:590 arg1 % 612:612 98.46% 607:612 98.46% 607:612 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 4 36 theme taichungensis 578:590 arg1 T 603:603 T 603:603 T 603:603 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 2 37 theme Gram-staining-positive 96:117 arg1 strain 163:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain 94:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain 94:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 5 38 theme cell-wall 620:628 arg1 peptidoglycan 630:642 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 616:642 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 616:642 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A1γ type, and the predominant quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 24871779 5 38 theme cell-wall 620:628 arg1 type 652:655 A1γ type 648:655 A1γ type 648:655 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A1γ type, and the predominant quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 24871779 7 39 theme other 839:843 arg1 strains 845:851 nine other strains 834:851 nine other strains 834:851 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. 24871779 4 40 theme Paenibacillus 564:576 arg1 17757 597:601 Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757 564:601 Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%) 564:613 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 4 40 theme Paenibacillus 564:576 arg1 % 612:612 98.46% 607:612 98.46% 607:612 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 4 40 theme Paenibacillus 564:576 arg1 T 603:603 T 603:603 T 603:603 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 4 41 theme strain 465:470 arg1 T 481:481 T 481:481 T 481:481 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 4 41 theme strain 465:470 arg1 KUDC0114 472:479 strain KUDC0114 465:479 strain KUDC0114(T) 465:482 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 9 42 theme name 1085:1088 arg1 sp 1117:1118 The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp 1081:1118 The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp 1081:1118 The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp. 24871779 6 43 dep 15  758:760 arg1  0 762:763  0 762:763 15 : 0 758:763 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24871779 4 44 theme gene 449:452 arg1 sequences 454:462 16S rRNA gene sequences 440:462 16S rRNA gene sequences 440:462 Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). 24871779 2 45 theme rhizospheric 213:224 arg1 soil 226:229 rhizospheric soil 213:229 rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis 213:253 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 8 46 theme Paenibacillus 1066:1078 arg1 genus 1060:1064 the genus Paenibacillus 1056:1078 the genus Paenibacillus 1056:1078 Based on genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, KUDC0114(T) should be classified as representing novel species within the genus Paenibacillus. 24871779 6 47 theme fatty 731:735 arg1 anteiso-C 748:756 anteiso-C 748:756 anteiso-C 748:756 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24871779 6 47 theme fatty 731:735 arg1 acids 737:741 The major cellular fatty acids 712:741 The major cellular fatty acids 712:741 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24871779 6 48 theme cellular 722:729 arg1 anteiso-C 748:756 anteiso-C 748:756 anteiso-C 748:756 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24871779 6 48 theme cellular 722:729 arg1 acids 737:741 The major cellular fatty acids 712:741 The major cellular fatty acids 712:741 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24871779 2 49 theme Dongdo 260:265 arg1 one 275:277 one 275:277 one 275:277 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 2 49 theme Dongdo 260:265 arg1 largest 286:292 largest 286:292 largest 286:292 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 2 49 theme Dongdo 260:265 arg1 Island 267:272 Dongdo Island 260:272 Dongdo Island 260:272 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 6 50 theme major 716:720 arg1 anteiso-C 748:756 anteiso-C 748:756 anteiso-C 748:756 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24871779 6 50 theme major 716:720 arg1 acids 737:741 The major cellular fatty acids 712:741 The major cellular fatty acids 712:741 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24871779 8 51 theme phylogenetic 963:974 arg1 analyses 976:983 genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses 939:983 genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses 939:983 Based on genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, KUDC0114(T) should be classified as representing novel species within the genus Paenibacillus. 24871779 2 52 theme rod-shaped 142:151 arg1 strain 163:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain 94:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain 94:168 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 2 53 theme tsukushiensis 241:253 arg1 soil 226:229 rhizospheric soil 213:229 rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis 213:253 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. 24871779 7 54 theme KUDC0114 817:824 arg1 hybridization 793:805 The DNA-DNA hybridization 781:805 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains 781:851 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. 24871779 7 55 with hybridization 793:805 arg1 strains 845:851 nine other strains 834:851 nine other strains 834:851 The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. 24187418 4 0 theme sources 817:823 arg1 effect 795:800 the effect 791:800 the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci 791:924 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 8 1 dep mechanisms 1664:1673 arg1 increase 1710:1717 increase 1710:1717 to increase biomass yield and storage product composition in oleaginous algae 1707:1783 The underlying mechanisms and implications for strategies to increase biomass yield and storage product composition in oleaginous algae are discussed. 24187418 6 2 theme C 1204:1204 arg1 measurements 1174:1185 The measurements 1170:1185 The measurements of the different C 1170:1204 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 6 2 theme C 1204:1204 arg1 levels 1225:1230 N intermediate levels 1210:1230 N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids) 1210:1264 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 5 3 theme strong 1134:1139 arg1 starch 1141:1146 strong starch and TAG accumulation 1134:1167 starch 1141:1146 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 3 4 theme C 538:538 arg1 supply 541:546 a carbon (C) supply 528:546 a carbon (C) supply 528:546 All of these pathways not only require a carbon (C) supply but also are strongly dependent on a source of nitrogen (N) to sustain optimal growth rate and biomass production. 24187418 4 5 theme different 805:813 arg1 sources 817:823 different N sources 805:823 different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) 805:837 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 2 6 theme algal 334:338 arg1 physiology 340:349 algal physiology 334:349 algal physiology 334:349 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 8 7 theme oleaginous 1768:1777 arg1 algae 1779:1783 oleaginous algae 1768:1783 oleaginous algae 1768:1783 The underlying mechanisms and implications for strategies to increase biomass yield and storage product composition in oleaginous algae are discussed. 24187418 7 8 theme NIT2 1527:1530 arg1 implication 1486:1496 the implication 1482:1496 the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas 1482:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 7 9 from Chlamydomonas 1634:1646 arg1 control 1539:1545 the control 1535:1545 the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas 1535:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 6 10 theme organic 1240:1246 arg1 amino 1233:1237 amino, organic, and fatty acids 1233:1263 amino 1233:1237 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 6 11 theme acetate 1387:1393 arg1 assimilation 1395:1406 a slower and acetate assimilation 1374:1406 a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant 1374:1421 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 7 12 theme nitrate 1515:1521 arg1 implication 1486:1496 the implication 1482:1496 the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas 1482:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 6 13 from medium 1331:1336 arg1 determination 1285:1297 the determination 1281:1297 the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium 1281:1336 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 8 14 theme underlying 1653:1662 arg1 mechanisms 1664:1673 The underlying mechanisms 1649:1673 The underlying mechanisms 1649:1673 The underlying mechanisms and implications for strategies to increase biomass yield and storage product composition in oleaginous algae are discussed. 24187418 7 15 from control 1539:1545 arg1 Chlamydomonas 1634:1646 Chlamydomonas 1634:1646 Chlamydomonas 1634:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 7 15 from control 1539:1545 arg1 evidence 1470:1477 evidence 1470:1477 evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas 1470:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 2 16 theme Chlamydomonas 243:255 arg1 system 303:308 the model system 293:308 the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel 293:486 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 2 16 theme Chlamydomonas 243:255 arg1 reinhardtii 257:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 219:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 219:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 4 17 theme primary 842:848 arg1 metabolism 850:859 primary metabolism 842:859 primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci 842:924 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 4 18 theme better 682:687 arg1 understanding 689:701 a better understanding 680:701 a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms 680:742 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 1 19 theme alternative 150:160 arg1 systems 173:179 alternative production systems 150:179 alternative production systems for renewable energy such as biofuel 150:216 Microalgae are receiving increasing attention as alternative production systems for renewable energy such as biofuel. 24187418 1 19 theme alternative 150:160 arg1 attention 137:145 attention 137:145 attention 137:145 Microalgae are receiving increasing attention as alternative production systems for renewable energy such as biofuel. 24187418 0 20 theme carbohydrate 59:70 arg1 metabolism 72:81 storage carbohydrate metabolism 51:81 storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas 51:98 Combined intracellular nitrate and NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 5 21 theme striking 1036:1043 arg1 phenotype 1045:1053 the most striking phenotype 1027:1053 the most striking phenotype 1027:1053 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 3 22 theme nitrogen 595:602 arg1 source 585:590 a source 583:590 a source of nitrogen (N) to sustain optimal growth rate and biomass production 583:660 All of these pathways not only require a carbon (C) supply but also are strongly dependent on a source of nitrogen (N) to sustain optimal growth rate and biomass production. 24187418 0 23 from nitrate 23:29 arg1 metabolism 72:81 storage carbohydrate metabolism 51:81 storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas 51:98 Combined intracellular nitrate and NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 8 24 theme biomass 1719:1725 arg1 yield 1727:1731 biomass yield 1719:1731 biomass yield 1719:1731 The underlying mechanisms and implications for strategies to increase biomass yield and storage product composition in oleaginous algae are discussed. 24187418 1 25 theme renewable 185:193 arg1 energy 195:200 renewable energy 185:200 renewable energy such as biofuel 185:216 Microalgae are receiving increasing attention as alternative production systems for renewable energy such as biofuel. 24187418 7 26 theme storage 1580:1586 arg1 carbohydrates 1588:1600 different storage carbohydrates 1570:1600 different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions 1570:1629 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 4 27 theme C 724:724 arg1 metabolisms 732:742 C and N metabolisms 724:742 C and N metabolisms 724:742 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 4 28 theme N 730:730 arg1 metabolisms 732:742 C and N metabolisms 724:742 C and N metabolisms 724:742 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 2 29 theme triacylglycerol 429:443 arg1 accumulation 402:413 the accumulation 398:413 the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG) 398:449 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 4 30 from effect 795:800 arg1 metabolism 850:859 primary metabolism 842:859 primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci 842:924 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 8 31 theme product 1745:1751 arg1 composition 1753:1763 storage product composition 1737:1763 storage product composition 1737:1763 The underlying mechanisms and implications for strategies to increase biomass yield and storage product composition in oleaginous algae are discussed. 24187418 7 32 theme C 1550:1550 arg1 partitioning 1552:1563 C partitioning 1550:1563 C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas 1550:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 2 33 theme starch 418:423 arg1 accumulation 402:413 the accumulation 398:413 the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG) 398:449 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 0 34 theme Combined 0:7 arg1 nitrate 23:29 Combined intracellular nitrate 0:29 Combined intracellular nitrate 0:29 Combined intracellular nitrate and NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 4 35 theme regulation 710:719 arg1 understanding 689:701 a better understanding 680:701 a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms 680:742 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 4 35 theme regulation 710:719 arg1 accumulation 752:763 the accumulation 748:763 the accumulation of storage carbohydrates 748:788 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 6 36 theme remaining 1314:1322 arg1 determination 1285:1297 the determination 1281:1297 the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium 1281:1336 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 6 37 from assimilation 1395:1406 arg1 mutant 1416:1421 this mutant 1411:1421 this mutant 1411:1421 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 3 38 theme optimal 619:625 arg1 rate 634:637 optimal growth rate 619:637 optimal growth rate 619:637 All of these pathways not only require a carbon (C) supply but also are strongly dependent on a source of nitrogen (N) to sustain optimal growth rate and biomass production. 24187418 4 39 theme storage 768:774 arg1 carbohydrates 776:788 storage carbohydrates 768:788 storage carbohydrates 768:788 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 6 40 theme acetate 1302:1308 arg1 determination 1285:1297 the determination 1281:1297 the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium 1281:1336 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 0 41 theme NIT2 35:38 arg1 effects 40:46 NIT2 effects 35:46 NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas 35:98 Combined intracellular nitrate and NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 6 42 from hypothesis 1360:1369 arg1 mutant 1416:1421 this mutant 1411:1421 this mutant 1411:1421 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 6 42 from hypothesis 1360:1369 arg1 presence 1430:1437 the presence 1426:1437 the presence of NH4NO3 1426:1447 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 2 43 theme biofuel 480:486 arg1 precursors 466:475 the precursors 462:475 the precursors of biofuel 462:486 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 2 43 theme biofuel 480:486 arg1 mechanisms 376:385 the molecular mechanisms 362:385 the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG) 362:449 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 2 43 theme biofuel 480:486 arg1 aspects 323:329 all aspects 319:329 all aspects 319:329 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 2 44 theme molecular 366:374 arg1 mechanisms 376:385 the molecular mechanisms 362:385 the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG) 362:449 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 3 45 theme biomass 643:649 arg1 production 651:660 biomass production 643:660 biomass production 643:660 All of these pathways not only require a carbon (C) supply but also are strongly dependent on a source of nitrogen (N) to sustain optimal growth rate and biomass production. 24187418 7 46 from evidence 1470:1477 arg1 control 1539:1545 the control 1535:1545 the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas 1535:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 5 47 theme TAG 1152:1154 arg1 accumulation 1156:1167 strong starch and TAG accumulation 1134:1167 accumulation 1156:1167 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 4 48 dep sources 817:823 arg1 NH4NO3 826:831 NH4NO3 826:831 NH4NO3 826:831 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 5 49 theme nitrate 1121:1127 arg1 accumulation 1091:1102 accumulation 1091:1102 accumulation of intracellular nitrate 1091:1127 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 5 49 theme nitrate 1121:1127 arg1 inhibition 1069:1078 an inhibition 1066:1078 an inhibition of growth 1066:1088 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 5 49 theme nitrate 1121:1127 arg1 starch 1141:1146 strong starch and TAG accumulation 1134:1167 starch 1141:1146 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 5 49 theme nitrate 1121:1127 arg1 accumulation 1156:1167 strong starch and TAG accumulation 1134:1167 accumulation 1156:1167 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 4 50 theme N 815:815 arg1 sources 817:823 different N sources 805:823 different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) 805:837 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 6 51 theme different 1194:1202 arg1 C 1204:1204 the different C 1190:1204 the different C 1190:1204 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 2 52 theme physiology 340:349 arg1 precursors 466:475 the precursors 462:475 the precursors of biofuel 462:486 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 2 52 theme physiology 340:349 arg1 mechanisms 376:385 the molecular mechanisms 362:385 the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG) 362:449 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 2 52 theme physiology 340:349 arg1 aspects 323:329 all aspects 319:329 all aspects 319:329 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 6 53 theme assimilation 1395:1406 arg1 hypothesis 1360:1369 the hypothesis 1356:1369 the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3 1356:1447 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 6 54 dep levels 1225:1230 arg1 acids 1259:1263 amino, organic, and fatty acids 1233:1263 acids 1259:1263 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 6 54 dep levels 1225:1230 arg1 amino 1233:1237 amino, organic, and fatty acids 1233:1263 amino 1233:1237 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 7 55 theme intracellular 1501:1513 arg1 nitrate 1515:1521 intracellular nitrate 1501:1521 intracellular nitrate 1501:1521 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 7 56 theme implication 1486:1496 arg1 evidence 1470:1477 evidence 1470:1477 evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas 1470:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 4 57 theme various 867:873 arg1 mutants 875:881 various mutants 867:881 various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci 867:924 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 0 58 from metabolism 72:81 arg1 Chlamydomonas 86:98 Chlamydomonas 86:98 Chlamydomonas 86:98 Combined intracellular nitrate and NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 5 59 theme nia1 1005:1008 arg1 strain 1010:1015 nia1 strain 1005:1015 nia1 strain 1005:1015 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 2 60 theme photosynthetic 223:236 arg1 system 303:308 the model system 293:308 the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel 293:486 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 2 60 theme photosynthetic 223:236 arg1 reinhardtii 257:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 219:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 219:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 6 61 theme intermediate 1212:1223 arg1 levels 1225:1230 N intermediate levels 1210:1230 N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids) 1210:1264 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 6 62 from determination 1285:1297 arg1 medium 1331:1336 the medium 1327:1336 the medium 1327:1336 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 2 63 theme model 297:301 arg1 system 303:308 the model system 293:308 the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel 293:486 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 2 63 theme model 297:301 arg1 reinhardtii 257:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 219:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 219:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 7 64 from partitioning 1552:1563 arg1 Chlamydomonas 1634:1646 Chlamydomonas 1634:1646 Chlamydomonas 1634:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 6 65 theme NH4NO3 1442:1447 arg1 presence 1430:1437 the presence 1426:1437 the presence of NH4NO3 1426:1447 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 1 66 theme production 162:171 arg1 systems 173:179 alternative production systems 150:179 alternative production systems for renewable energy such as biofuel 150:216 Microalgae are receiving increasing attention as alternative production systems for renewable energy such as biofuel. 24187418 1 66 theme production 162:171 arg1 attention 137:145 attention 137:145 attention 137:145 Microalgae are receiving increasing attention as alternative production systems for renewable energy such as biofuel. 24187418 7 67 theme mixotrophic 1608:1618 arg1 conditions 1620:1629 mixotrophic conditions 1608:1629 mixotrophic conditions 1608:1629 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 7 68 from implication 1486:1496 arg1 control 1539:1545 the control 1535:1545 the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas 1535:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 6 69 from mutant 1416:1421 arg1 hypothesis 1360:1369 the hypothesis 1356:1369 the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3 1356:1447 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 6 70 theme fatty 1253:1257 arg1 acids 1259:1263 amino, organic, and fatty acids 1233:1263 acids 1259:1263 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 7 71 theme different 1570:1578 arg1 carbohydrates 1588:1600 different storage carbohydrates 1570:1600 different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions 1570:1629 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 0 72 from effects 40:46 arg1 metabolism 72:81 storage carbohydrate metabolism 51:81 storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas 51:98 Combined intracellular nitrate and NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 0 73 theme intracellular 9:21 arg1 nitrate 23:29 Combined intracellular nitrate 0:29 Combined intracellular nitrate 0:29 Combined intracellular nitrate and NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 8 74 theme storage 1737:1743 arg1 composition 1753:1763 storage product composition 1737:1763 storage product composition 1737:1763 The underlying mechanisms and implications for strategies to increase biomass yield and storage product composition in oleaginous algae are discussed. 24187418 7 75 theme partitioning 1552:1563 arg1 control 1539:1545 the control 1535:1545 the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas 1535:1646 The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 4 76 theme metabolic 943:951 arg1 analyses 953:960 metabolic analyses 943:960 metabolic analyses 943:960 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 5 77 theme intracellular 1107:1119 arg1 nitrate 1121:1127 intracellular nitrate 1107:1127 intracellular nitrate 1107:1127 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 0 78 theme storage 51:57 arg1 metabolism 72:81 storage carbohydrate metabolism 51:81 storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas 51:98 Combined intracellular nitrate and NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas. 24187418 2 79 theme alga 238:241 arg1 system 303:308 the model system 293:308 the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel 293:486 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 2 79 theme alga 238:241 arg1 reinhardtii 257:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 219:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 219:267 The photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely recognized as the model system to study all aspects of algal physiology, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of starch and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are the precursors of biofuel. 24187418 4 80 theme carbohydrates 776:788 arg1 understanding 689:701 a better understanding 680:701 a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms 680:742 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 4 80 theme carbohydrates 776:788 arg1 accumulation 752:763 the accumulation 748:763 the accumulation of storage carbohydrates 748:788 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 6 81 theme slower 1376:1381 arg1 assimilation 1395:1406 a slower and acetate assimilation 1374:1406 a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant 1374:1421 The measurements of the different C and N intermediate levels (amino, organic, and fatty acids), together with the determination of acetate and remaining in the medium, clearly excluded the hypothesis of a slower and acetate assimilation in this mutant in the presence of NH4NO3. 24187418 5 82 theme growth 1083:1088 arg1 accumulation 1091:1102 accumulation 1091:1102 accumulation of intracellular nitrate 1091:1127 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 5 82 theme growth 1083:1088 arg1 inhibition 1069:1078 an inhibition 1066:1078 an inhibition of growth 1066:1088 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 5 82 theme growth 1083:1088 arg1 starch 1141:1146 strong starch and TAG accumulation 1134:1167 starch 1141:1146 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 5 82 theme growth 1083:1088 arg1 accumulation 1156:1167 strong starch and TAG accumulation 1134:1167 accumulation 1156:1167 The data demonstrated that, using NH4NO3, nia1 strain displayed the most striking phenotype, including an inhibition of growth, accumulation of intracellular nitrate, and strong starch and TAG accumulation. 24187418 3 83 theme growth 627:632 arg1 rate 634:637 optimal growth rate 619:637 optimal growth rate 619:637 All of these pathways not only require a carbon (C) supply but also are strongly dependent on a source of nitrogen (N) to sustain optimal growth rate and biomass production. 24187418 4 84 theme metabolisms 732:742 arg1 regulation 710:719 the regulation 706:719 the regulation of C and N metabolisms 706:742 In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of C and N metabolisms and the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the effect of different N sources (NH4NO3 and ) on primary metabolism using various mutants impaired in either NIA1, NIT2 or both loci was performed by metabolic analyses. 24187418 3 85 theme carbon 530:535 arg1 supply 541:546 a carbon (C) supply 528:546 a carbon (C) supply 528:546 All of these pathways not only require a carbon (C) supply but also are strongly dependent on a source of nitrogen (N) to sustain optimal growth rate and biomass production. 28811678 8 0 theme anti-inflammatory 1523:1539 arg1 activity 1541:1548 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1516:1548 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1516:1548 In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. 28811678 2 1 theme paw 622:624 arg1 models 521:526 three in vivo inflammatory models 494:526 three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema 494:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 1 theme paw 622:624 arg1 edema 626:630 carrageenan-induced paw edema 602:630 carrageenan-induced paw edema 602:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 6 2 theme cyclooxygenase-2 1253:1268 arg1 expressions 1238:1248 the protein and mRNA expressions 1217:1248 the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) 1217:1319 PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). 28811678 8 3 theme COX-2 1598:1602 arg1 activation 1578:1587 the activation 1574:1587 the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways 1574:1631 In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. 28811678 6 4 theme nitric-oxide 1292:1303 arg1 iNOS 1315:1318 iNOS 1315:1318 iNOS 1315:1318 PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). 28811678 6 4 theme nitric-oxide 1292:1303 arg1 synthase 1305:1312 inducible nitric-oxide synthase 1282:1312 inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) 1282:1319 PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). 28811678 2 5 theme carrageenan-induced 602:620 arg1 models 521:526 three in vivo inflammatory models 494:526 three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema 494:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 5 theme carrageenan-induced 602:620 arg1 edema 626:630 carrageenan-induced paw edema 602:630 carrageenan-induced paw edema 602:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 1 6 theme unknown 256:262 arg1 compound 264:271 an unknown compound 253:271 an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) 253:311 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 28811678 1 7 theme long-stored 335:345 arg1 oil 347:349 the long-stored oil 331:349 the long-stored oil 331:349 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 28811678 6 8 theme mRNA 1233:1236 arg1 expressions 1238:1248 the protein and mRNA expressions 1217:1248 the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) 1217:1319 PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). 28811678 7 9 theme p65 1391:1393 arg1 translocation 1395:1407 p50 and p65 translocation 1383:1407 p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus 1383:1439 Western blot analysis revealed that PAO remarkably inhibited p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus by suppressing IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. 28811678 8 10 theme NF-κB 1608:1612 arg1 pathways 1624:1631 NF-κB signaling pathways 1608:1631 NF-κB signaling pathways 1608:1631 In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. 28811678 0 11 theme NF-κB 100:104 arg1 Inhibition 86:95 Inhibition 86:95 Inhibition of NF-κB 86:104 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS. 28811678 0 11 theme NF-κB 100:104 arg1 Downregulation 110:123 Downregulation 110:123 Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS 110:137 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS. 28811678 5 12 theme oxide 1083:1087 arg1 levels 958:963 levels 958:963 levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) 958:1092 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 0 13 attach Isolated 20:27 arg1 Oil 44:46 Patchouli Oil 34:46 Patchouli Oil 34:46 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS. 28811678 0 13 attach Isolated 20:27 arg2 Epoxide 12:18 Patchoulene Epoxide 0:18 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil 0:46 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS. 28811678 2 14 theme inflammatory 508:519 arg1 edema 548:552 xylene-induced ear edema 529:552 xylene-induced ear edema 529:552 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 14 theme inflammatory 508:519 arg1 models 521:526 three in vivo inflammatory models 494:526 three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema 494:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 14 theme inflammatory 508:519 arg1 edema 626:630 carrageenan-induced paw edema 602:630 carrageenan-induced paw edema 602:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 14 theme inflammatory 508:519 arg1 permeability 584:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 5 15 theme factor-α 983:990 arg1 levels 958:963 levels 958:963 levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) 958:1092 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 5 16 theme interleukin-1β 1001:1014 arg1 levels 958:963 levels 958:963 levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) 958:1092 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 1 17 theme compositional 173:185 arg1 variation 187:195 compositional variation 173:195 compositional variation 173:195 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 28811678 1 18 theme biological 358:367 arg1 activity 369:376 activity 369:376 activity 369:376 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 28811678 5 19 theme necrosis 974:981 arg1 TNF-α 993:997 TNF-α 993:997 TNF-α 993:997 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 5 19 theme necrosis 974:981 arg1 factor-α 983:990 tumor necrosis factor-α 968:990 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 968:998 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 3 20 from investigation 641:653 arg1 edema 712:716 carrageenan-induced paw edema 688:716 carrageenan-induced paw edema 688:716 Further investigation into its underlying mechanism on carrageenan-induced paw edema was conducted. 28811678 7 21 theme IκBα 1465:1468 arg1 phosphorylation 1470:1484 IκBα phosphorylation 1465:1484 IκBα phosphorylation 1465:1484 Western blot analysis revealed that PAO remarkably inhibited p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus by suppressing IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. 28811678 0 22 theme Patchoulene 0:10 arg1 Epoxide 12:18 Patchoulene Epoxide 0:18 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil 0:46 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS. 28811678 6 23 theme protein 1221:1227 arg1 expressions 1238:1248 the protein and mRNA expressions 1217:1248 the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) 1217:1319 PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). 28811678 4 24 theme paw 891:893 arg1 edema 895:899 the paw edema 887:899 the paw edema induced by carrageenan 887:922 Results demonstrated that PAO significantly inhibited the ear edema induced by xylene, lowered vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan. 28811678 5 25 theme prostaglandin 1047:1059 arg1 PGE2 1065:1068 PGE2 1065:1068 PGE2 1065:1068 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 5 25 theme prostaglandin 1047:1059 arg1 E2 1061:1062 prostaglandin E2 1047:1062 prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 1047:1069 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 7 26 from cytosol 1418:1424 arg1 translocation 1395:1407 p50 and p65 translocation 1383:1407 p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus 1383:1439 Western blot analysis revealed that PAO remarkably inhibited p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus by suppressing IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. 28811678 1 27 theme patchoulene 287:297 arg1 epoxide 299:305 patchoulene epoxide 287:305 patchoulene epoxide (PAO) 287:311 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 28811678 1 27 theme patchoulene 287:297 arg1 PAO 308:310 PAO 308:310 PAO 308:310 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 28811678 6 28 theme synthase 1305:1312 arg1 expressions 1238:1248 the protein and mRNA expressions 1217:1248 the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) 1217:1319 PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). 28811678 7 29 theme blot 1330:1333 arg1 analysis 1335:1342 Western blot analysis 1322:1342 Western blot analysis 1322:1342 Western blot analysis revealed that PAO remarkably inhibited p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus by suppressing IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. 28811678 1 30 located found 317:321 arg2 compound 264:271 an unknown compound 253:271 an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) 253:311 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 28811678 1 30 located found 317:321 arg1 oil 347:349 the long-stored oil 331:349 the long-stored oil 331:349 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 28811678 2 31 theme present 416:422 arg1 study 424:428 the present study 412:428 the present study 412:428 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 5 32 theme interleukin-10 1144:1157 arg1 levels 1109:1114 levels 1109:1114 levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) 1109:1165 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 0 33 theme COX-2/iNOS 128:137 arg1 Inhibition 86:95 Inhibition 86:95 Inhibition of NF-κB 86:104 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS. 28811678 0 33 theme COX-2/iNOS 128:137 arg1 Downregulation 110:123 Downregulation 110:123 Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS 110:137 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS. 28811678 3 34 theme underlying 664:673 arg1 mechanism 675:683 its underlying mechanism 660:683 its underlying mechanism 660:683 Further investigation into its underlying mechanism on carrageenan-induced paw edema was conducted. 28811678 4 35 theme ear 791:793 arg1 edema 795:799 the ear edema 787:799 the ear edema induced by xylene 787:817 Results demonstrated that PAO significantly inhibited the ear edema induced by xylene, lowered vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan. 28811678 2 36 theme anti-inflammatory 462:478 arg1 activity 480:487 the potential anti-inflammatory activity 448:487 the potential anti-inflammatory activity 448:487 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 8 37 theme potent 1516:1521 arg1 activity 1541:1548 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1516:1548 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1516:1548 In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. 28811678 2 38 theme ear 544:546 arg1 edema 548:552 xylene-induced ear edema 529:552 xylene-induced ear edema 529:552 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 38 theme ear 544:546 arg1 models 521:526 three in vivo inflammatory models 494:526 three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema 494:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 4 39 theme acetic 861:866 arg1 acid 868:871 acetic acid 861:871 acetic acid 861:871 Results demonstrated that PAO significantly inhibited the ear edema induced by xylene, lowered vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan. 28811678 2 40 theme potential 452:460 arg1 activity 480:487 the potential anti-inflammatory activity 448:487 the potential anti-inflammatory activity 448:487 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 0 41 theme Patchouli 34:42 arg1 Oil 44:46 Patchouli Oil 34:46 Patchouli Oil 34:46 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS. 28811678 6 42 theme inducible 1282:1290 arg1 iNOS 1315:1318 iNOS 1315:1318 iNOS 1315:1318 PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). 28811678 6 42 theme inducible 1282:1290 arg1 synthase 1305:1312 inducible nitric-oxide synthase 1282:1312 inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) 1282:1319 PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). 28811678 1 43 theme patchouli 229:237 arg1 oil 239:241 patchouli oil 229:241 patchouli oil 229:241 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 28811678 0 44 theme Acute 59:63 arg1 Inflammation 65:76 Acute Inflammation 59:76 Acute Inflammation 59:76 Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS. 28811678 5 45 theme interleukin-4 1119:1131 arg1 levels 1109:1114 levels 1109:1114 levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) 1109:1165 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 5 46 theme nitric 1076:1081 arg1 NO 1090:1091 NO 1090:1091 NO 1090:1091 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 5 46 theme nitric 1076:1081 arg1 oxide 1083:1087 nitric oxide 1076:1087 nitric oxide (NO) 1076:1092 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 7 47 theme Western 1322:1328 arg1 analysis 1335:1342 Western blot analysis 1322:1342 Western blot analysis 1322:1342 Western blot analysis revealed that PAO remarkably inhibited p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus by suppressing IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. 28811678 2 48 dep in 500:501 arg1 vivo 503:506 vivo 503:506 vivo 503:506 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 49 theme xylene-induced 529:542 arg1 edema 548:552 xylene-induced ear edema 529:552 xylene-induced ear edema 529:552 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 49 theme xylene-induced 529:542 arg1 models 521:526 three in vivo inflammatory models 494:526 three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema 494:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 50 theme vascular 575:582 arg1 models 521:526 three in vivo inflammatory models 494:526 three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema 494:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 50 theme vascular 575:582 arg1 permeability 584:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 3 51 theme paw 708:710 arg1 edema 712:716 carrageenan-induced paw edema 688:716 carrageenan-induced paw edema 688:716 Further investigation into its underlying mechanism on carrageenan-induced paw edema was conducted. 28811678 5 52 theme E2 1061:1062 arg1 levels 958:963 levels 958:963 levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) 958:1092 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 8 53 theme pathways 1624:1631 arg1 activation 1578:1587 the activation 1574:1587 the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways 1574:1631 In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. 28811678 2 54 theme acid-induced 562:573 arg1 models 521:526 three in vivo inflammatory models 494:526 three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema 494:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 54 theme acid-induced 562:573 arg1 permeability 584:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 4 55 theme vascular 828:835 arg1 permeability 837:848 vascular permeability 828:848 vascular permeability induced by acetic acid 828:871 Results demonstrated that PAO significantly inhibited the ear edema induced by xylene, lowered vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan. 28811678 3 56 theme Further 633:639 arg1 investigation 641:653 Further investigation 633:653 Further investigation into its underlying mechanism on carrageenan-induced paw edema 633:716 Further investigation into its underlying mechanism on carrageenan-induced paw edema was conducted. 28811678 7 57 theme p50 1383:1385 arg1 translocation 1395:1407 p50 and p65 translocation 1383:1407 p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus 1383:1439 Western blot analysis revealed that PAO remarkably inhibited p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus by suppressing IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. 28811678 8 58 theme signaling 1614:1622 arg1 pathways 1624:1631 NF-κB signaling pathways 1608:1631 NF-κB signaling pathways 1608:1631 In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. 28811678 1 59 theme oil 239:241 arg1 samples 218:224 samples 218:224 samples 218:224 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 28811678 2 60 theme acetic 555:560 arg1 models 521:526 three in vivo inflammatory models 494:526 three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema 494:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 60 theme acetic 555:560 arg1 permeability 584:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 61 dep models 521:526 arg1 edema 548:552 xylene-induced ear edema 529:552 xylene-induced ear edema 529:552 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 61 dep models 521:526 arg1 models 521:526 three in vivo inflammatory models 494:526 three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema 494:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 61 dep models 521:526 arg1 edema 626:630 carrageenan-induced paw edema 602:630 carrageenan-induced paw edema 602:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 61 dep models 521:526 arg1 permeability 584:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 5 62 theme tumor 968:972 arg1 TNF-α 993:997 TNF-α 993:997 TNF-α 993:997 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 5 62 theme tumor 968:972 arg1 factor-α 983:990 tumor necrosis factor-α 968:990 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 968:998 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 2 63 theme in 500:501 arg1 edema 548:552 xylene-induced ear edema 529:552 xylene-induced ear edema 529:552 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 63 theme in 500:501 arg1 models 521:526 three in vivo inflammatory models 494:526 three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema 494:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 63 theme in 500:501 arg1 edema 626:630 carrageenan-induced paw edema 602:630 carrageenan-induced paw edema 602:630 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 2 63 theme in 500:501 arg1 permeability 584:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 acetic acid-induced vascular permeability 555:595 Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. 28811678 3 64 theme carrageenan-induced 688:706 arg1 edema 712:716 carrageenan-induced paw edema 688:716 carrageenan-induced paw edema 688:716 Further investigation into its underlying mechanism on carrageenan-induced paw edema was conducted. 28811678 8 65 theme iNOS 1592:1595 arg1 activation 1578:1587 the activation 1574:1587 the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways 1574:1631 In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. 28811678 5 66 theme interleukin-6 1025:1037 arg1 levels 958:963 levels 958:963 levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) 958:1092 Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). 28811678 1 67 theme GC-MS 157:161 arg1 analysis 163:170 the GC-MS analysis 153:170 the GC-MS analysis 153:170 According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. 27994007 3 0 from defective 649:657 arg1 ridges 672:677 cuticular ridges 662:677 cuticular ridges (dcr) 662:683 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 0 from defective 649:657 arg1 dcr 680:682 dcr 680:682 dcr 680:682 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 10 1 theme petals 1794:1799 arg1 characterization 1763:1778 Further characterization 1755:1778 Further characterization of the mutant petals 1755:1799 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 7 2 theme dcr 1336:1338 arg1 mutant 1340:1345 the dcr mutant 1332:1345 the dcr mutant 1332:1345 Transmission electron microscopy revealed considerable variations in cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant. 27994007 10 3 theme conical 1840:1846 arg1 shape 1853:1857 conical cell shape 1840:1857 conical cell shape 1840:1857 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 5 4 theme dcr 1114:1116 arg1 mutants 1118:1124 dcr mutants 1114:1124 dcr mutants 1114:1124 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 3 5 theme acyl-coenzyme 525:537 arg1 lacs2 554:558 lacs2 554:558 lacs2 554:558 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 5 theme acyl-coenzyme 525:537 arg1 synthetase2 541:551 long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 514:551 long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2) 514:559 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 5 theme acyl-coenzyme 525:537 arg1 mutants 506:512 the cutin mutants 496:512 the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) 496:683 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 7 6 theme cuticle 1311:1317 arg1 thickness 1319:1327 cuticle thickness 1311:1327 cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant 1311:1345 Transmission electron microscopy revealed considerable variations in cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant. 27994007 3 7 theme separate 707:714 arg1 classes 716:722 three separate classes 701:722 three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations 701:797 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 1 8 theme cell 165:168 arg1 surface 175:181 the cell wall surface 161:181 the cell wall surface of epidermal cells 161:200 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 4 9 theme hexadecanoic 866:877 arg1 acid 879:882 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid 850:882 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid 850:882 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 4 9 theme hexadecanoic 866:877 arg1 monomer 887:893 a monomer 885:893 a monomer of the cuticle polyester 885:918 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 4 9 theme hexadecanoic 866:877 arg1 cutin 921:925 cutin 921:925 cutin 921:925 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 4 9 theme hexadecanoic 866:877 arg1 polyester 910:918 the cuticle polyester 898:918 the cuticle polyester 898:918 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 0 10 from Properties 75:84 arg1 Petals 104:109 Petals 104:109 Petals of Arabidopsis 104:124 Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis. 27994007 3 11 theme quantitative 733:744 arg1 differences 746:756 quantitative differences 733:756 quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations 733:797 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 5 12 theme organization 1000:1011 arg1 types 983:987 three different types 967:987 three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant) 967:1185 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 1 13 theme epidermal 186:194 arg1 cells 196:200 epidermal cells 186:200 epidermal cells 186:200 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 8 14 theme double 1358:1363 arg1 combinations 1372:1383 Different double mutant combinations 1348:1383 Different double mutant combinations 1348:1383 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 7 15 theme electron 1255:1262 arg1 microscopy 1264:1273 Transmission electron microscopy 1242:1273 Transmission electron microscopy 1242:1273 Transmission electron microscopy revealed considerable variations in cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant. 27994007 10 16 theme mutant 1787:1792 arg1 petals 1794:1799 the mutant petals 1783:1799 the mutant petals 1783:1799 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 6 17 theme latter 1192:1197 arg1 types 1203:1207 The latter two types 1188:1207 The latter two types 1188:1207 The latter two types did not have typical nanoridges. 27994007 7 18 from variations 1297:1306 arg1 thickness 1319:1327 cuticle thickness 1311:1327 cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant 1311:1345 Transmission electron microscopy revealed considerable variations in cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant. 27994007 9 19 theme 10,16-dihydroxy 1622:1636 arg1 C16:0 1638:1642 10,16-dihydroxy C16:0 1622:1642 10,16-dihydroxy C16:0 1622:1642 We concluded that DCR is not only essential for incorporating 10,16-dihydroxy C16:0 into cutin but also plays a crucial role in the organization of the cuticle, independent of cutin composition. 27994007 5 20 theme gpat6 1173:1177 arg1 cuticle 1164:1170 an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle 1132:1170 an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant) 1132:1185 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 5 20 theme gpat6 1173:1177 arg1 mutant 1179:1184 gpat6 mutant 1173:1184 gpat6 mutant 1173:1184 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 5 21 theme different 973:981 arg1 types 983:987 three different types 967:987 three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant) 967:1185 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 10 22 theme adhesion 1903:1910 arg1 forces 1912:1917 physical adhesion forces 1894:1917 physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs 1894:1956 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 4 23 theme polyester 910:918 arg1 acid 879:882 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid 850:882 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid 850:882 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 4 23 theme polyester 910:918 arg1 monomer 887:893 a monomer 885:893 a monomer of the cuticle polyester 885:918 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 4 23 theme polyester 910:918 arg1 polyester 910:918 the cuticle polyester 898:918 the cuticle polyester 898:918 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 5 24 dep cuticle 1093:1099 arg1 cyp77a6 1102:1108 cyp77a6 1102:1108 cyp77a6 1102:1108 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 5 24 dep cuticle 1093:1099 arg1 mutants 1118:1124 dcr mutants 1114:1124 dcr mutants 1114:1124 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 5 25 theme electron-opaque 1135:1149 arg1 cuticle 1164:1170 an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle 1132:1170 an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant) 1132:1185 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 5 25 theme electron-opaque 1135:1149 arg1 mutant 1179:1184 gpat6 mutant 1173:1184 gpat6 mutant 1173:1184 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 10 26 theme floral 1944:1949 arg1 organs 1951:1956 other floral organs 1938:1956 other floral organs 1938:1956 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 5 27 theme cuticle 1164:1170 arg1 types 983:987 three different types 967:987 three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant) 967:1185 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 9 28 theme crucial 1672:1678 arg1 role 1680:1683 a crucial role 1670:1683 a crucial role 1670:1683 We concluded that DCR is not only essential for incorporating 10,16-dihydroxy C16:0 into cutin but also plays a crucial role in the organization of the cuticle, independent of cutin composition. 27994007 8 29 theme monomers 1417:1424 arg1 amount 1403:1408 a low amount 1397:1408 a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin 1397:1433 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 8 29 theme monomers 1417:1424 arg1 monomers 1417:1424 C16 monomers 1413:1424 C16 monomers 1413:1424 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 6 30 theme typical 1222:1228 arg1 nanoridges 1230:1239 typical nanoridges 1222:1239 typical nanoridges 1222:1239 The latter two types did not have typical nanoridges. 27994007 5 31 theme cuticle 1023:1029 arg1 types 983:987 three different types 967:987 three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant) 967:1185 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 2 32 theme Arabidopsis 401:411 arg1 thaliana 413:420 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 388:421 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 388:421 Here, the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was investigated. 27994007 2 33 theme Arabidopsis 388:398 arg1 thaliana 413:420 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 388:421 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 388:421 Here, the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was investigated. 27994007 0 34 theme Molecular 15:23 arg1 Structure 25:33 the Molecular Structure 11:33 the Molecular Structure of Cutin 11:42 Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis. 27994007 5 35 theme translucent 1081:1091 arg1 cuticle 1093:1099 a broad translucent cuticle 1073:1099 a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants) 1073:1125 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 3 36 dep mutants 506:512 arg1 pec1 582:585 pec1 582:585 pec1 582:585 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 36 dep mutants 506:512 arg1 acyltransferase6 619:634 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 598:634 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6) 598:642 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 36 dep mutants 506:512 arg1 mutants 506:512 the cutin mutants 496:512 the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) 496:683 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 36 dep mutants 506:512 arg1 lacs2 554:558 lacs2 554:558 lacs2 554:558 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 36 dep mutants 506:512 arg1 gpat6 637:641 gpat6 637:641 gpat6 637:641 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 36 dep mutants 506:512 arg1 cyp77a6 589:595 cyp77a6 589:595 cyp77a6 589:595 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 36 dep mutants 506:512 arg1 synthetase2 541:551 long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 514:551 long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2) 514:559 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 36 dep mutants 506:512 arg1 cuticle1 572:579 permeable cuticle1 562:579 permeable cuticle1 (pec1) 562:586 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 36 dep mutants 506:512 arg1 defective 649:657 defective 649:657 defective 649:657 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 6 37 contain have 1217:1220 arg2 nanoridges 1230:1239 typical nanoridges 1222:1239 typical nanoridges 1222:1239 The latter two types did not have typical nanoridges. 27994007 6 37 contain have 1217:1220 arg1 types 1203:1207 The latter two types 1188:1207 The latter two types 1188:1207 The latter two types did not have typical nanoridges. 27994007 2 38 theme cuticle 377:383 arg1 relationship 351:362 the structure-function relationship 328:362 the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 328:421 Here, the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was investigated. 27994007 5 39 theme pec1 1058:1061 arg1 mutants 1063:1069 pec1 mutants 1058:1069 pec1 mutants 1058:1069 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 8 40 theme electron-translucent 1465:1484 arg1 layer 1486:1490 an electron-translucent layer 1462:1490 an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action 1462:1557 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 3 41 theme infrared 468:475 arg1 microspectroscopy 477:493 infrared microspectroscopy 468:493 infrared microspectroscopy 468:493 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 1 42 theme architectural 275:287 arg1 diversity 289:297 this architectural diversity 270:297 this architectural diversity 270:297 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 8 43 theme layer 1486:1490 arg1 appearance 1448:1457 the appearance 1444:1457 the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action 1444:1557 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 1 44 theme cells 196:200 arg1 surface 175:181 the cell wall surface 161:181 the cell wall surface of epidermal cells 161:200 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 9 45 theme composition 1742:1752 arg1 independent 1721:1731 independent 1721:1731 independent 1721:1731 We concluded that DCR is not only essential for incorporating 10,16-dihydroxy C16:0 into cutin but also plays a crucial role in the organization of the cuticle, independent of cutin composition. 27994007 10 46 theme Further 1755:1761 arg1 characterization 1763:1778 Further characterization 1755:1778 Further characterization of the mutant petals 1755:1799 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 3 47 theme cutin 500:504 arg1 synthetase2 541:551 long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 514:551 long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2) 514:559 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 47 theme cutin 500:504 arg1 acyltransferase6 619:634 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 598:634 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6) 598:642 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 47 theme cutin 500:504 arg1 cyp77a6 589:595 cyp77a6 589:595 cyp77a6 589:595 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 47 theme cutin 500:504 arg1 cuticle1 572:579 permeable cuticle1 562:579 permeable cuticle1 (pec1) 562:586 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 47 theme cutin 500:504 arg1 mutants 506:512 the cutin mutants 496:512 the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) 496:683 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 8 48 theme action 1552:1557 arg1 cuticle 1508:1514 the cuticle proper 1504:1521 the cuticle proper 1504:1521 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 8 48 theme action 1552:1557 arg1 independent 1533:1543 independent 1533:1543 independent 1533:1543 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 8 49 theme low 1399:1401 arg1 amount 1403:1408 a low amount 1397:1408 a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin 1397:1433 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 8 49 theme low 1399:1401 arg1 monomers 1417:1424 C16 monomers 1413:1424 C16 monomers 1413:1424 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 3 50 theme cuticular 662:670 arg1 ridges 672:677 cuticular ridges 662:677 cuticular ridges (dcr) 662:683 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 50 theme cuticular 662:670 arg1 dcr 680:682 dcr 680:682 dcr 680:682 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 51 theme A 539:539 arg1 lacs2 554:558 lacs2 554:558 lacs2 554:558 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 51 theme A 539:539 arg1 synthetase2 541:551 long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 514:551 long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2) 514:559 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 51 theme A 539:539 arg1 mutants 506:512 the cutin mutants 496:512 the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) 496:683 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 1 52 theme structures 223:232 arg1 structures 223:232 structures 223:232 structures 223:232 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 1 52 theme structures 223:232 arg1 variety 212:218 a wide variety 205:218 a wide variety of structures 205:232 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 3 53 theme long-chain 514:523 arg1 lacs2 554:558 lacs2 554:558 lacs2 554:558 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 53 theme long-chain 514:523 arg1 synthetase2 541:551 long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 514:551 long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2) 514:559 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 53 theme long-chain 514:523 arg1 mutants 506:512 the cutin mutants 496:512 the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) 496:683 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 10 54 theme nanoridge 1816:1824 arg1 formation 1826:1834 nanoridge formation 1816:1834 nanoridge formation 1816:1834 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 5 55 with cuticle 1093:1099 arg1 nanoridges 1036:1045 nanoridges 1036:1045 nanoridges 1036:1045 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 0 56 theme Arabidopsis 114:124 arg1 Petals 104:109 Petals 104:109 Petals of Arabidopsis 104:124 Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis. 27994007 1 57 theme wall 170:173 arg1 surface 175:181 the cell wall surface 161:181 the cell wall surface of epidermal cells 161:200 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 8 58 theme Different 1348:1356 arg1 combinations 1372:1383 Different double mutant combinations 1348:1383 Different double mutant combinations 1348:1383 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 10 59 theme cell 1848:1851 arg1 shape 1853:1857 conical cell shape 1840:1857 conical cell shape 1840:1857 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 5 60 theme cuticle 992:998 arg1 organization 1000:1011 cuticle organization 992:1011 cuticle organization 992:1011 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 4 61 theme 10,16-dihydroxy 850:864 arg1 acid 879:882 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid 850:882 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid 850:882 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 4 61 theme 10,16-dihydroxy 850:864 arg1 monomer 887:893 a monomer 885:893 a monomer of the cuticle polyester 885:918 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 4 61 theme 10,16-dihydroxy 850:864 arg1 cutin 921:925 cutin 921:925 cutin 921:925 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 4 61 theme 10,16-dihydroxy 850:864 arg1 polyester 910:918 the cuticle polyester 898:918 the cuticle polyester 898:918 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 8 62 theme mutant 1365:1370 arg1 combinations 1372:1383 Different double mutant combinations 1348:1383 Different double mutant combinations 1348:1383 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 7 63 theme considerable 1284:1295 arg1 variations 1297:1306 considerable variations 1284:1306 considerable variations in cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant 1284:1345 Transmission electron microscopy revealed considerable variations in cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant. 27994007 3 64 from ridges 672:677 arg1 defective 649:657 defective 649:657 defective 649:657 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 65 theme permeable 562:570 arg1 pec1 582:585 pec1 582:585 pec1 582:585 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 65 theme permeable 562:570 arg1 cuticle1 572:579 permeable cuticle1 562:579 permeable cuticle1 (pec1) 562:586 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 65 theme permeable 562:570 arg1 mutants 506:512 the cutin mutants 496:512 the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) 496:683 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 5 66 with cuticle 1023:1029 arg1 nanoridges 1036:1045 nanoridges 1036:1045 nanoridges 1036:1045 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 3 67 theme band 783:786 arg1 vibrations 788:797 band vibrations 783:797 band vibrations 783:797 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 7 68 theme Transmission 1242:1253 arg1 microscopy 1264:1273 Transmission electron microscopy 1242:1273 Transmission electron microscopy 1242:1273 Transmission electron microscopy revealed considerable variations in cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant. 27994007 10 69 theme forces 1912:1917 arg1 reduction 1881:1889 the reduction 1877:1889 the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs 1877:1956 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 0 70 theme Physical 66:73 arg1 Properties 75:84 Physical Properties 66:84 Physical Properties 66:84 Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis. 27994007 1 71 theme plant 131:135 arg1 cuticle 137:143 The plant cuticle 127:143 The plant cuticle 127:143 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 7 72 from thickness 1319:1327 arg1 mutant 1340:1345 the dcr mutant 1332:1345 the dcr mutant 1332:1345 Transmission electron microscopy revealed considerable variations in cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant. 27994007 5 73 attach linked 957:962 arg2 features 943:950 These spectral features 928:950 These spectral features 928:950 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 5 73 attach linked 957:962 arg1 types 983:987 three different types 967:987 three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant) 967:1185 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 10 74 theme physical 1894:1901 arg1 forces 1912:1917 physical adhesion forces 1894:1917 physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs 1894:1956 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 5 75 with cuticle 1164:1170 arg1 nanoridges 1036:1045 nanoridges 1036:1045 nanoridges 1036:1045 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 4 76 theme cuticle 902:908 arg1 polyester 910:918 the cuticle polyester 898:918 the cuticle polyester 898:918 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 8 77 theme C16 1413:1415 arg1 monomers 1417:1424 C16 monomers 1413:1424 C16 monomers 1413:1424 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 5 78 theme multilayered 1151:1162 arg1 cuticle 1164:1170 an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle 1132:1170 an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant) 1132:1185 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 5 78 theme multilayered 1151:1162 arg1 mutant 1179:1184 gpat6 mutant 1173:1184 gpat6 mutant 1173:1184 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 10 79 theme other 1938:1942 arg1 organs 1951:1956 other floral organs 1938:1956 other floral organs 1938:1956 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 0 80 theme Cuticle 93:99 arg1 Properties 75:84 Physical Properties 66:84 Physical Properties 66:84 Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis. 27994007 0 80 theme Cuticle 93:99 arg1 Ultrastructure 47:60 Ultrastructure 47:60 Ultrastructure 47:60 Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis. 27994007 3 81 dep Fourier 450:456 arg1 transform 458:466 transform 458:466 transform infrared microspectroscopy 458:493 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 10 82 theme floral 1965:1970 arg1 development 1972:1982 floral development 1965:1982 floral development 1965:1982 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development. 27994007 4 83 theme acid 879:882 arg1 quantity 838:845 the quantity 834:845 the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin 834:925 These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. 27994007 0 84 from Ultrastructure 47:60 arg1 Petals 104:109 Petals 104:109 Petals of Arabidopsis 104:124 Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis. 27994007 3 85 from differences 746:756 arg1 ν 765:765 the ν 761:765 the ν(C=O) 761:770 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 85 from differences 746:756 arg1 C-H 778:780 C-H 778:780 C-H 778:780 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 85 from differences 746:756 arg1 C=O 767:769 C=O 767:769 C=O 767:769 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 85 from differences 746:756 arg1 ν 776:776 ν 776:776 ν(C-H) 776:781 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 1 86 theme functional 243:252 arg1 significance 254:265 the functional significance 239:265 the functional significance of this architectural diversity 239:297 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 5 87 theme normal 1016:1021 arg1 cuticle 1023:1029 a normal cuticle 1014:1029 a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants) 1014:1070 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 2 88 theme thaliana 413:420 arg1 cuticle 377:383 the petal cuticle 367:383 the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 367:421 Here, the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was investigated. 27994007 5 89 with organization 1000:1011 arg1 nanoridges 1036:1045 nanoridges 1036:1045 nanoridges 1036:1045 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 2 90 theme structure-function 332:349 arg1 relationship 351:362 the structure-function relationship 328:362 the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 328:421 Here, the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was investigated. 27994007 8 91 from amount 1403:1408 arg1 cutin 1429:1433 cutin 1429:1433 cutin 1429:1433 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 5 92 theme broad 1075:1079 arg1 cuticle 1093:1099 a broad translucent cuticle 1073:1099 a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants) 1073:1125 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 0 93 theme Cutin 38:42 arg1 Structure 25:33 the Molecular Structure 11:33 the Molecular Structure of Cutin 11:42 Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis. 27994007 5 94 theme cuticle 1093:1099 arg1 types 983:987 three different types 967:987 three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant) 967:1185 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 5 95 theme spectral 934:941 arg1 features 943:950 These spectral features 928:950 These spectral features 928:950 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 9 96 theme cuticle 1712:1718 arg1 organization 1692:1703 the organization 1688:1703 the organization of the cuticle 1688:1718 We concluded that DCR is not only essential for incorporating 10,16-dihydroxy C16:0 into cutin but also plays a crucial role in the organization of the cuticle, independent of cutin composition. 27994007 5 97 dep cuticle 1023:1029 arg1 lacs2 1048:1052 lacs2 1048:1052 lacs2 1048:1052 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 5 97 dep cuticle 1023:1029 arg1 mutants 1063:1069 pec1 mutants 1058:1069 pec1 mutants 1058:1069 These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). 27994007 3 98 theme glycerol-3-phosphate 598:617 arg1 gpat6 637:641 gpat6 637:641 gpat6 637:641 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 98 theme glycerol-3-phosphate 598:617 arg1 acyltransferase6 619:634 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 598:634 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6) 598:642 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 3 98 theme glycerol-3-phosphate 598:617 arg1 mutants 506:512 the cutin mutants 496:512 the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) 496:683 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 2 99 theme petal 371:375 arg1 cuticle 377:383 the petal cuticle 367:383 the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 367:421 Here, the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was investigated. 27994007 8 100 theme adjacent 1492:1499 arg1 layer 1486:1490 an electron-translucent layer 1462:1490 an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action 1462:1557 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 3 101 dep ν 765:765 arg1 vibrations 788:797 band vibrations 783:797 band vibrations 783:797 Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. 27994007 8 102 theme DCR 1548:1550 arg1 action 1552:1557 DCR action 1548:1557 DCR action 1548:1557 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 1 103 theme diversity 289:297 arg1 significance 254:265 the functional significance 239:265 the functional significance of this architectural diversity 239:297 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 9 104 theme cutin 1736:1740 arg1 composition 1742:1752 cutin composition 1736:1752 cutin composition 1736:1752 We concluded that DCR is not only essential for incorporating 10,16-dihydroxy C16:0 into cutin but also plays a crucial role in the organization of the cuticle, independent of cutin composition. 27994007 8 105 theme proper 1516:1521 arg1 cuticle 1508:1514 the cuticle proper 1504:1521 the cuticle proper 1504:1521 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 8 105 theme proper 1516:1521 arg1 independent 1533:1543 independent 1533:1543 independent 1533:1543 Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. 27994007 1 106 theme wide 207:210 arg1 structures 223:232 structures 223:232 structures 223:232 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 27994007 1 106 theme wide 207:210 arg1 variety 212:218 a wide variety 205:218 a wide variety of structures 205:232 The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. 26917487 9 0 theme cell 1578:1581 arg1 markers 1583:1589 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1561:1589 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1561:1589 Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. 26917487 8 1 theme nerve 1346:1350 arg1 endings 1352:1358 the free nerve endings 1337:1358 the free nerve endings 1337:1358 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 5 2 theme medial 620:625 arg1 MCL 648:650 MCL 648:650 MCL 648:650 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was chosen to prove the concept. 26917487 5 2 theme medial 620:625 arg1 ligament 638:645 The rat knee medial collateral ligament 607:645 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) 607:651 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was chosen to prove the concept. 26917487 10 3 theme skeletal 1725:1732 arg1 ligament 1734:1741 torn skeletal ligament 1720:1741 torn skeletal ligament 1720:1741 In conclusion application of rHAM(+) dose dependently induced mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament. 26917487 3 4 theme tooth-supporting 475:490 arg1 tissues 492:498 the tooth-supporting tissues 471:498 the tooth-supporting tissues 471:498 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 6 5 theme transected 831:840 arg1 MCL 842:844 the transected MCL 827:844 the transected MCL 827:844 Full thickness tear was created and various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, were applied to the transected MCL. 26917487 5 6 theme collateral 627:636 arg1 MCL 648:650 MCL 648:650 MCL 648:650 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was chosen to prove the concept. 26917487 5 6 theme collateral 627:636 arg1 ligament 638:645 The rat knee medial collateral ligament 607:645 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) 607:651 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was chosen to prove the concept. 26917487 7 7 theme mechanical 879:888 arg1 weeks 850:854 12 weeks 847:854 12 weeks after transection 847:872 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 7 7 theme mechanical 879:888 arg1 properties 890:899 the mechanical properties 875:899 the mechanical properties 875:899 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 3 8 theme tissues 492:498 arg1 healing 460:466 enhanced healing 451:466 enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues 451:498 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 10 9 theme sensory 1701:1707 arg1 healing 1709:1715 mechanical, structural and sensory healing 1674:1715 mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament 1674:1741 In conclusion application of rHAM(+) dose dependently induced mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament. 26917487 7 10 theme un-transected 1010:1022 arg1 ligaments 1024:1032 the normal un-transected ligaments 999:1032 the normal un-transected ligaments 999:1032 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 8 11 theme force 1451:1455 arg1 axis 1439:1442 the axis 1435:1442 the axis of the force 1435:1455 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 2 12 theme surgical 286:293 arg1 replacement 295:305 surgical replacement 286:305 surgical replacement 286:305 Healing of torn ligaments usually fails to take place, and surgical replacement or reconstruction is required. 26917487 3 13 theme in 365:366 arg1 application 373:383 in vivo application 365:383 in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) 365:437 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 11 14 theme cell 1842:1845 arg1 markers 1847:1853 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1825:1853 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1825:1853 Initially the process involved recruitment and proliferation of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers. 26917487 8 15 theme treated 1205:1211 arg1 group 1213:1217 the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group 1183:1217 the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group 1183:1217 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 11 16 theme stem 1837:1840 arg1 markers 1847:1853 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1825:1853 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1825:1853 Initially the process involved recruitment and proliferation of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers. 26917487 7 17 theme control 1086:1092 arg1 ligaments 1094:1102 control ligaments 1086:1102 control ligaments 1086:1102 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 11 18 theme cells 1808:1812 arg1 proliferation 1791:1803 proliferation 1791:1803 proliferation 1791:1803 Initially the process involved recruitment and proliferation of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers. 26917487 11 18 theme cells 1808:1812 arg1 recruitment 1775:1785 recruitment 1775:1785 recruitment 1775:1785 Initially the process involved recruitment and proliferation of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers. 26917487 9 19 theme 0.5 1502:1504 arg1 μg/μl 1506:1510 μg/μl 1506:1510 μg/μl 1506:1510 Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. 26917487 8 20 theme proprioceptive 1145:1158 arg1 endings 1171:1177 the proprioceptive free nerve endings 1141:1177 the proprioceptive free nerve endings 1141:1177 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 8 20 theme proprioceptive 1145:1158 arg1 parallel 1225:1232 parallel 1225:1232 parallel 1225:1232 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 1 21 theme impaired 164:171 arg1 sensation 199:207 impaired protective proprioception sensation 164:207 impaired protective proprioception sensation 164:207 Injuries to ligaments are common, painful and debilitating, causing joint instability and impaired protective proprioception sensation around the joint. 26917487 0 22 theme human 48:52 arg1 protein 65:71 the recombinant human amelogenin protein 32:71 the recombinant human amelogenin protein 32:71 Skeletal ligament healing using the recombinant human amelogenin protein. 26917487 10 23 theme ligament 1734:1741 arg1 healing 1709:1715 mechanical, structural and sensory healing 1674:1715 mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament 1674:1741 In conclusion application of rHAM(+) dose dependently induced mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament. 26917487 0 24 theme recombinant 36:46 arg1 protein 65:71 the recombinant human amelogenin protein 32:71 the recombinant human amelogenin protein 32:71 Skeletal ligament healing using the recombinant human amelogenin protein. 26917487 9 25 theme μg/μl 1506:1510 arg1 rHAM 1512:1515 0.5 μg/μl rHAM 1502:1515 0.5 μg/μl rHAM 1502:1515 Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. 26917487 8 26 theme control 1319:1325 arg1 ligaments 1327:1335 the control ligaments 1315:1335 the control ligaments 1315:1335 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 1 27 theme protective 173:182 arg1 sensation 199:207 impaired protective proprioception sensation 164:207 impaired protective proprioception sensation 164:207 Injuries to ligaments are common, painful and debilitating, causing joint instability and impaired protective proprioception sensation around the joint. 26917487 0 28 theme ligament 9:16 arg1 healing 18:24 Skeletal ligament healing 0:24 Skeletal ligament healing 0:24 Skeletal ligament healing using the recombinant human amelogenin protein. 26917487 8 29 theme scar 1382:1385 arg1 tissue 1387:1392 the scar tissue 1378:1392 the scar tissue 1378:1392 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 5 30 theme rat 611:613 arg1 MCL 648:650 MCL 648:650 MCL 648:650 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was chosen to prove the concept. 26917487 5 30 theme rat 611:613 arg1 ligament 638:645 The rat knee medial collateral ligament 607:645 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) 607:651 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was chosen to prove the concept. 26917487 6 31 theme rHAM 748:751 arg1 concentrations 730:743 various concentrations 722:743 various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, 722:809 Full thickness tear was created and various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, were applied to the transected MCL. 26917487 1 32 theme proprioception 184:197 arg1 sensation 199:207 impaired protective proprioception sensation 164:207 impaired protective proprioception sensation 164:207 Injuries to ligaments are common, painful and debilitating, causing joint instability and impaired protective proprioception sensation around the joint. 26917487 0 33 theme Skeletal 0:7 arg1 healing 18:24 Skeletal ligament healing 0:24 Skeletal ligament healing 0:24 Skeletal ligament healing using the recombinant human amelogenin protein. 26917487 8 34 theme different 1397:1405 arg1 directions 1407:1416 different directions 1397:1416 different directions 1397:1416 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 5 35 theme knee 615:618 arg1 MCL 648:650 MCL 648:650 MCL 648:650 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was chosen to prove the concept. 26917487 5 35 theme knee 615:618 arg1 ligament 638:645 The rat knee medial collateral ligament 607:645 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) 607:651 The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was chosen to prove the concept. 26917487 9 36 theme injured 1598:1604 arg1 site 1606:1609 the injured site 1594:1609 the injured site 1594:1609 Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. 26917487 8 37 theme free 1341:1344 arg1 endings 1352:1358 the free nerve endings 1337:1358 the free nerve endings 1337:1358 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 8 38 theme collagen 1241:1248 arg1 fibres 1250:1255 the collagen fibres 1237:1255 the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament 1237:1303 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 8 39 theme similar 1257:1263 arg1 fibres 1250:1255 the collagen fibres 1237:1255 the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament 1237:1303 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 8 40 theme nerve 1165:1169 arg1 endings 1171:1177 the proprioceptive free nerve endings 1141:1177 the proprioceptive free nerve endings 1141:1177 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 8 40 theme nerve 1165:1169 arg1 parallel 1225:1232 parallel 1225:1232 parallel 1225:1232 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 10 41 theme structural 1686:1695 arg1 healing 1709:1715 mechanical, structural and sensory healing 1674:1715 mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament 1674:1741 In conclusion application of rHAM(+) dose dependently induced mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament. 26917487 8 42 theme free 1160:1163 arg1 endings 1171:1177 the proprioceptive free nerve endings 1141:1177 the proprioceptive free nerve endings 1141:1177 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 8 42 theme free 1160:1163 arg1 parallel 1225:1232 parallel 1225:1232 parallel 1225:1232 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 3 43 theme amelogenin 410:419 arg1 rHAM 430:433 rHAM(+) 430:436 rHAM 430:433 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 3 43 theme amelogenin 410:419 arg1 protein 421:427 the recombinant human amelogenin protein 388:427 the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) 388:437 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 7 44 dep stronger 1049:1056 arg1 stiffer 1059:1065 stiffer 1059:1065 stiffer 1059:1065 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 2 45 theme ligaments 243:251 arg1 Healing 227:233 Healing 227:233 Healing of torn ligaments 227:251 Healing of torn ligaments usually fails to take place, and surgical replacement or reconstruction is required. 26917487 8 46 from arrangement 1274:1284 arg1 ligament 1296:1303 normal ligament 1289:1303 normal ligament 1289:1303 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 3 47 theme protein 421:427 arg1 application 373:383 in vivo application 365:383 in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) 365:437 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 10 48 theme dose 1649:1652 arg1 application 1626:1636 application 1626:1636 application of rHAM(+) dose 1626:1652 In conclusion application of rHAM(+) dose dependently induced mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament. 26917487 2 49 theme torn 238:241 arg1 ligaments 243:251 torn ligaments 238:251 torn ligaments 238:251 Healing of torn ligaments usually fails to take place, and surgical replacement or reconstruction is required. 26917487 6 50 theme various 722:728 arg1 concentrations 730:743 various concentrations 722:743 various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, 722:809 Full thickness tear was created and various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, were applied to the transected MCL. 26917487 7 51 dep rHAM 975:978 arg1 + 980:980 + 980:980 + 980:980 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 0 52 theme amelogenin 54:63 arg1 protein 65:71 the recombinant human amelogenin protein 32:71 the recombinant human amelogenin protein 32:71 Skeletal ligament healing using the recombinant human amelogenin protein. 26917487 7 53 theme μg/μl 969:973 arg1 rHAM 975:978 0.5 μg/μl rHAM 965:978 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) 965:981 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 9 54 theme stem 1573:1576 arg1 markers 1583:1589 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1561:1589 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1561:1589 Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. 26917487 3 55 theme human 404:408 arg1 rHAM 430:433 rHAM(+) 430:436 rHAM 430:433 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 3 55 theme human 404:408 arg1 protein 421:427 the recombinant human amelogenin protein 388:427 the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) 388:437 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 4 56 theme study 517:521 arg1 aim 505:507 The aim 501:507 The aim of this study 501:521 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether amelogenin might also enhance repair of skeletal ligaments. 26917487 6 57 theme alginate 787:794 arg1 PGA 797:799 PGA 797:799 PGA 797:799 Full thickness tear was created and various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, were applied to the transected MCL. 26917487 6 57 theme alginate 787:794 arg1 carrier 802:808 propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier 770:808 propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier 770:808 Full thickness tear was created and various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, were applied to the transected MCL. 26917487 7 58 theme normal 1003:1008 arg1 ligaments 1024:1032 the normal un-transected ligaments 999:1032 the normal un-transected ligaments 999:1032 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 9 59 theme cells 1544:1548 arg1 cells 1544:1548 cells 1544:1548 cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site 1544:1609 Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. 26917487 9 59 theme cells 1544:1548 arg1 amount 1534:1539 the amount 1530:1539 the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site 1530:1609 Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. 26917487 6 60 theme glycol 780:785 arg1 alginate 787:794 propylene glycol alginate 770:794 propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier 770:808 Full thickness tear was created and various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, were applied to the transected MCL. 26917487 9 61 dep days 1463:1466 arg1 transection 1474:1484 transection 1474:1484 transection 1474:1484 Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. 26917487 7 62 theme transected 931:940 arg1 ligaments 942:950 transected ligaments 931:950 transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) 931:981 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 3 63 theme enhanced 451:458 arg1 healing 460:466 enhanced healing 451:466 enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues 451:498 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 11 64 theme mesenchymal 1825:1835 arg1 markers 1847:1853 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1825:1853 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1825:1853 Initially the process involved recruitment and proliferation of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers. 26917487 3 65 dep in 365:366 arg1 vivo 368:371 vivo 368:371 vivo 368:371 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 6 66 theme propylene 770:778 arg1 glycol 780:785 propylene glycol 770:785 propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier 770:808 Full thickness tear was created and various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, were applied to the transected MCL. 26917487 7 67 theme ligaments 942:950 arg1 composition 916:926 composition 916:926 composition 916:926 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 7 67 theme ligaments 942:950 arg1 structure 902:910 structure 902:910 structure 902:910 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 7 67 theme ligaments 942:950 arg1 weeks 850:854 12 weeks 847:854 12 weeks after transection 847:872 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) were similar to the normal un-transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. 26917487 6 68 theme tear 701:704 arg1 thickness 691:699 Full thickness tear 686:704 Full thickness tear 686:704 Full thickness tear was created and various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, were applied to the transected MCL. 26917487 8 69 theme rHAM 1197:1200 arg1 group 1213:1217 the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group 1183:1217 the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group 1183:1217 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 8 70 theme μg/μl 1191:1195 arg1 rHAM 1197:1200 the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM 1183:1200 the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM 1183:1200 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 9 71 theme mesenchymal 1561:1571 arg1 markers 1583:1589 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1561:1589 mesenchymal stem cell markers 1561:1589 Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. 26917487 10 72 theme mechanical 1674:1683 arg1 healing 1709:1715 mechanical, structural and sensory healing 1674:1715 mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament 1674:1741 In conclusion application of rHAM(+) dose dependently induced mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament. 26917487 10 73 theme rHAM 1641:1644 arg1 application 1626:1636 application 1626:1636 application of rHAM(+) dose 1626:1652 In conclusion application of rHAM(+) dose dependently induced mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament. 26917487 8 74 from endings 1171:1177 arg1 group 1213:1217 the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group 1183:1217 the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group 1183:1217 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 9 75 with treatment 1487:1495 arg1 rHAM 1512:1515 0.5 μg/μl rHAM 1502:1515 0.5 μg/μl rHAM 1502:1515 Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. 26917487 4 76 theme ligaments 596:604 arg1 repair 577:582 repair 577:582 repair of skeletal ligaments 577:604 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether amelogenin might also enhance repair of skeletal ligaments. 26917487 3 77 theme recombinant 392:402 arg1 rHAM 430:433 rHAM(+) 430:436 rHAM 430:433 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 3 77 theme recombinant 392:402 arg1 protein 421:427 the recombinant human amelogenin protein 388:427 the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) 388:437 Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM(+)) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth-supporting tissues. 26917487 10 78 theme torn 1720:1723 arg1 ligament 1734:1741 torn skeletal ligament 1720:1741 torn skeletal ligament 1720:1741 In conclusion application of rHAM(+) dose dependently induced mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament. 26917487 8 79 theme normal 1289:1294 arg1 ligament 1296:1303 normal ligament 1289:1303 normal ligament 1289:1303 Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM(+) treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. 26917487 6 80 theme Full 686:689 arg1 thickness 691:699 Full thickness tear 686:704 Full thickness tear 686:704 Full thickness tear was created and various concentrations of rHAM(+), dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, were applied to the transected MCL. 26917487 1 81 theme joint 142:146 arg1 instability 148:158 joint instability 142:158 joint instability 142:158 Injuries to ligaments are common, painful and debilitating, causing joint instability and impaired protective proprioception sensation around the joint. 26917487 4 82 theme skeletal 587:594 arg1 ligaments 596:604 skeletal ligaments 587:604 skeletal ligaments 587:604 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether amelogenin might also enhance repair of skeletal ligaments. 28012235 0 0 theme inflammation 177:188 arg1 absence 159:165 the absence 155:165 the absence of tissue inflammation 155:188 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 3 1 theme HF/HS 492:496 arg1 diet 498:501 a HF/HS diet 490:501 a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk 490:582 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk. 28012235 5 2 from changes 924:930 arg1 microbiota 943:952 the gut microbiota 935:952 the gut microbiota 935:952 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 7 3 theme gut 1413:1415 arg1 changes 1428:1434 gut microbiota changes 1413:1434 gut microbiota changes 1413:1434 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 4 4 theme acid 850:853 arg1 levels 810:815 increased levels 800:815 increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids 800:878 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 7 5 theme PUFA 1363:1366 arg1 ratio 1368:1372 the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio 1338:1372 the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes 1338:1434 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 7 6 theme n-3 1358:1360 arg1 PUFA 1363:1366 the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA 1338:1366 the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes 1338:1434 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 3 7 theme safflower 512:520 arg1 oil-rich 522:529 safflower oil-rich 512:529 safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or 512:545 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk. 28012235 7 8 theme hepatic 1377:1383 arg1 phospholipids 1385:1397 hepatic phospholipids 1377:1397 hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes 1377:1434 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 4 9 theme linoleic 820:827 arg1 acid 829:832 linoleic acid 820:832 linoleic acid 820:832 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 4 10 theme HF/HS 657:661 arg1 diet 663:666 the safflower-based HF/HS diet 637:666 the safflower-based HF/HS diet 637:666 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 3 11 theme low-fat/low-sucrose 549:567 arg1 diet 569:572 a low-fat/low-sucrose diet 547:572 a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk 490:582 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk. 28012235 6 12 theme cells 1234:1238 arg1 number 1217:1222 the number 1213:1222 the number of immune cells 1213:1238 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 6 13 theme immune 1114:1119 arg1 cells 1121:1125 immune cells 1114:1125 immune cells in visceral fat and liver 1114:1151 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 0 14 theme early 126:130 arg1 intolerance 140:150 early glucose intolerance 126:150 early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation 126:188 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 6 15 theme HF/HS-fed 1266:1274 arg1 mice 1276:1279 HF/HS-fed mice 1266:1279 HF/HS-fed mice 1266:1279 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 5 16 theme altered 1034:1040 arg1 profiles 1055:1062 altered inflammatory profiles 1034:1062 altered inflammatory profiles 1034:1062 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 1 17 theme PUFA-rich 211:219 arg1 diets 221:225 SCOPE Omega-6 (n-6) PUFA-rich diets 191:225 SCOPE Omega-6 (n-6) PUFA-rich diets 191:225 SCOPE Omega-6 (n-6) PUFA-rich diets are generally considered obesogenic in rodents. 28012235 4 18 theme hepatic 858:864 arg1 phospholipids 866:878 hepatic phospholipids 858:878 hepatic phospholipids 858:878 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 7 19 theme diet-dependent 1311:1324 arg1 increase 1326:1333 a diet-dependent increase 1309:1333 a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes 1309:1434 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 4 20 theme weight 689:694 arg1 gain 696:699 moderate weight gain 680:699 moderate weight gain 680:699 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 5 21 theme late 1006:1009 arg1 changes 1011:1017 late changes 1006:1017 late changes 1006:1017 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 5 22 theme HF/HS 895:899 arg1 diet 901:904 the HF/HS diet 891:904 the HF/HS diet 891:904 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 0 23 theme gut 63:65 arg1 microbiota 67:76 the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles 59:108 microbiota 67:76 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 5 24 theme plasma 1086:1091 arg1 insulin 1093:1099 increased fasting plasma insulin 1068:1099 increased fasting plasma insulin 1068:1099 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 0 25 theme phospholipid 88:99 arg1 profiles 101:108 the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles 59:108 profiles 101:108 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 4 26 theme prior 748:752 arg1 week 741:744 week 5 prior to signs of inflammation 741:777 week 5 prior to signs of inflammation 741:777 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 4 27 from levels 810:815 arg1 phospholipids 866:878 hepatic phospholipids 858:878 hepatic phospholipids 858:878 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 5 28 theme gut 939:941 arg1 microbiota 943:952 the gut microbiota 935:952 the gut microbiota 935:952 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 4 29 theme glucose 708:714 arg1 intolerance 716:726 glucose intolerance 708:726 glucose intolerance 708:726 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 2 30 theme microbiota 420:429 arg1 composition 431:441 gut microbiota composition 416:441 gut microbiota composition 416:441 Here, we examined how long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil affected metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition. 28012235 7 31 theme intolerance 1480:1490 arg1 development 1457:1467 early development 1451:1467 early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation 1451:1520 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 5 32 theme early 918:922 arg1 abundance 978:986 an increased abundance 965:986 an increased abundance of Blautia 965:997 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 5 32 theme early 918:922 arg1 changes 924:930 early changes 918:930 early changes 918:930 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 6 33 from cells 1121:1125 arg1 fat 1139:1141 visceral fat 1130:1141 visceral fat 1130:1141 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 6 33 from cells 1121:1125 arg1 liver 1147:1151 liver 1147:1151 liver 1147:1151 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 0 34 theme high-fat/high-sucrose 22:42 arg1 diet 44:47 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet 0:47 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet 0:47 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 3 35 theme C57BL/6J 476:483 arg1 mice 485:488 male C57BL/6J mice 471:488 male C57BL/6J mice 471:488 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk. 28012235 4 36 from acid 850:853 arg1 phospholipids 866:878 hepatic phospholipids 858:878 hepatic phospholipids 858:878 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 7 37 theme early 1451:1455 arg1 development 1457:1467 early development 1451:1467 early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation 1451:1520 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 7 38 dep CONCLUSION 1282:1291 arg1 suggest 1296:1302 suggest 1296:1302 suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation 1296:1520 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 2 39 theme high-fat/high-sucrose 319:339 arg1 diet 349:352 a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet 317:352 a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil 317:375 Here, we examined how long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil affected metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition. 28012235 2 39 theme high-fat/high-sucrose 319:339 arg1 HF/HS 342:346 HF/HS 342:346 HF/HS 342:346 Here, we examined how long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil affected metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition. 28012235 0 40 from intolerance 140:150 arg1 absence 159:165 the absence 155:165 the absence of tissue inflammation 155:188 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 4 41 theme inflammation 766:777 arg1 signs 757:761 signs 757:761 signs of inflammation 757:777 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 7 42 theme microbiota 1417:1426 arg1 changes 1428:1434 gut microbiota changes 1413:1434 gut microbiota changes 1413:1434 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 2 43 theme diet 349:352 arg1 intake 307:312 long-term intake 297:312 long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil 297:375 Here, we examined how long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil affected metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition. 28012235 4 44 theme acid 829:832 arg1 levels 810:815 increased levels 800:815 increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids 800:878 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 6 45 theme immune 1227:1232 arg1 cells 1234:1238 immune cells 1227:1238 immune cells 1227:1238 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 4 46 theme arachidonic 838:848 arg1 acid 850:853 arachidonic acid 838:853 arachidonic acid 838:853 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 4 47 theme increased 800:808 arg1 levels 810:815 increased levels 800:815 increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids 800:878 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 6 48 theme visceral 1130:1137 arg1 fat 1139:1141 visceral fat 1130:1141 visceral fat 1130:1141 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 1 49 theme SCOPE 191:195 arg1 diets 221:225 SCOPE Omega-6 (n-6) PUFA-rich diets 191:225 SCOPE Omega-6 (n-6) PUFA-rich diets 191:225 SCOPE Omega-6 (n-6) PUFA-rich diets are generally considered obesogenic in rodents. 28012235 6 50 theme cells 1121:1125 arg1 Analysis 1102:1109 Analysis 1102:1109 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver 1102:1151 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 4 51 theme safflower-based 641:655 arg1 diet 663:666 the safflower-based HF/HS diet 637:666 the safflower-based HF/HS diet 637:666 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 0 52 theme glucose 132:138 arg1 intolerance 140:150 early glucose intolerance 126:150 early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation 126:188 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 5 53 theme Blautia 991:997 arg1 abundance 978:986 an increased abundance 965:986 an increased abundance of Blautia 965:997 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 2 54 theme long-term 297:305 arg1 intake 307:312 long-term intake 297:312 long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil 297:375 Here, we examined how long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil affected metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition. 28012235 4 55 theme low-fat/low-sucrose 601:619 arg1 diet 621:624 the low-fat/low-sucrose diet 597:624 the low-fat/low-sucrose diet 597:624 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 6 56 theme mice 1276:1279 arg1 liver 1257:1261 the liver 1253:1261 the liver of HF/HS-fed mice 1253:1279 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 5 57 theme inflammatory 1042:1053 arg1 profiles 1055:1062 altered inflammatory profiles 1034:1062 altered inflammatory profiles 1034:1062 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 4 58 dep developed 728:736 arg1 week 741:744 week 5 prior to signs of inflammation 741:777 week 5 prior to signs of inflammation 741:777 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 4 58 dep developed 728:736 arg1 concurrent 784:793 concurrent 784:793 concurrent 784:793 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 4 59 theme moderate 680:687 arg1 gain 696:699 moderate weight gain 680:699 moderate weight gain 680:699 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 0 60 theme tissue 170:175 arg1 inflammation 177:188 tissue inflammation 170:188 tissue inflammation 170:188 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 4 61 from phospholipids 866:878 arg1 levels 810:815 increased levels 800:815 increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids 800:878 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 7 62 dep PUFA 1363:1366 arg1 to 1346:1347 to 1346:1347 to 1346:1347 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 4 63 with concurrent 784:793 arg1 levels 810:815 increased levels 800:815 increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids 800:878 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 4 64 theme diet 663:666 arg1 intake 627:632 intake 627:632 intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet 627:666 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 0 65 theme liver 82:86 arg1 profiles 101:108 the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles 59:108 profiles 101:108 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 7 66 theme inflammation 1509:1520 arg1 signs 1500:1504 signs 1500:1504 signs of inflammation 1500:1520 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 0 67 dep based 16:20 arg1 oil 12:14 safflower oil 2:14 safflower oil 2:14 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 3 68 from oil-rich 522:529 arg1 PUFAs-or 538:545 n-6 PUFAs-or 534:545 n-6 PUFAs-or 534:545 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk. 28012235 4 69 from acid 829:832 arg1 phospholipids 866:878 hepatic phospholipids 858:878 hepatic phospholipids 858:878 Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. 28012235 7 70 from ratio 1368:1372 arg1 phospholipids 1385:1397 hepatic phospholipids 1377:1397 hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes 1377:1434 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 6 71 from fat 1139:1141 arg1 Analysis 1102:1109 Analysis 1102:1109 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver 1102:1151 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 6 72 from liver 1147:1151 arg1 Analysis 1102:1109 Analysis 1102:1109 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver 1102:1151 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 0 73 theme safflower 2:10 arg1 oil 12:14 safflower oil 2:14 safflower oil 2:14 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 5 74 theme fasting 1078:1084 arg1 insulin 1093:1099 increased fasting plasma insulin 1068:1099 increased fasting plasma insulin 1068:1099 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 5 75 theme diet 901:904 arg1 Intake 881:886 Intake 881:886 Intake of the HF/HS diet 881:904 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 2 76 theme safflower 363:371 arg1 oil 373:375 safflower oil 363:375 safflower oil 363:375 Here, we examined how long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil affected metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition. 28012235 0 77 theme based 16:20 arg1 diet 44:47 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet 0:47 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet 0:47 A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. 28012235 3 78 dep diet 498:501 arg1 diet 569:572 a low-fat/low-sucrose diet 547:572 a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk 490:582 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk. 28012235 7 79 from increase 1326:1333 arg1 ratio 1368:1372 the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio 1338:1372 the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes 1338:1434 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 2 80 theme gut 416:418 arg1 composition 431:441 gut microbiota composition 416:441 gut microbiota composition 416:441 Here, we examined how long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil affected metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition. 28012235 5 81 theme increased 968:976 arg1 abundance 978:986 an increased abundance 965:986 an increased abundance of Blautia 965:997 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 7 82 theme glucose 1472:1478 arg1 intolerance 1480:1490 glucose intolerance 1472:1490 glucose intolerance 1472:1490 CONCLUSION We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation. 28012235 5 83 theme increased 1068:1076 arg1 insulin 1093:1099 increased fasting plasma insulin 1068:1099 increased fasting plasma insulin 1068:1099 Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. 28012235 6 84 from Analysis 1102:1109 arg1 fat 1139:1141 visceral fat 1130:1141 visceral fat 1130:1141 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 6 84 from Analysis 1102:1109 arg1 liver 1147:1151 liver 1147:1151 liver 1147:1151 Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice. 28012235 3 85 dep METHODS 444:450 arg1 fed 467:469 fed 467:469 fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk 467:582 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk. 28012235 3 86 theme male 471:474 arg1 mice 485:488 male C57BL/6J mice 471:488 male C57BL/6J mice 471:488 METHODS AND RESULTS We fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk. 25731162 4 0 theme mucus-bacterial 872:886 arg1 interactions 888:899 mucus-bacterial interactions 872:899 mucus-bacterial interactions 872:899 Thus, agents that disrupt mucus-bacterial interactions might have the potential to promote diseases associated with gut inflammation. 25731162 8 1 theme germ-free 1741:1749 arg1 mice 1751:1754 germ-free mice 1741:1754 germ-free mice 1741:1754 Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 6 2 theme robust 1528:1533 arg1 colitis 1535:1541 robust colitis 1528:1541 robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder 1528:1578 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 9 3 theme associated 2060:2069 arg1 effects 2081:2087 its associated metabolic effects 2056:2087 its associated metabolic effects 2056:2087 These results support the emerging concept that perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects. 25731162 9 4 dep concept 1942:1948 arg1 promote 2034:2040 promote 2034:2040 can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects 2030:2087 These results support the emerging concept that perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects. 25731162 3 5 theme primary 575:581 arg1 means 583:587 A primary means 573:587 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota 573:643 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine. 25731162 3 6 theme vast 739:742 arg1 majority 744:751 the vast majority 735:751 the vast majority of gut bacteria 735:767 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine. 25731162 1 7 theme microbes 164:171 arg1 community 151:159 a large and diverse community 131:159 a large and diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiota 131:218 The intestinal tract is inhabited by a large and diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. 25731162 5 8 from increase 1209:1216 arg1 disease 1240:1246 inflammatory bowel disease 1221:1246 inflammatory bowel disease 1221:1246 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 10 9 theme broad 2122:2126 arg1 use 2128:2130 the broad use 2118:2130 the broad use of emulsifying agents 2118:2152 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 6 10 theme used 1366:1369 arg1 carboxymethylcellulose 1391:1412 carboxymethylcellulose 1391:1412 carboxymethylcellulose 1391:1412 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 6 10 theme used 1366:1369 arg1 polysorbate-80 1418:1431 polysorbate-80 1418:1431 polysorbate-80 1418:1431 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 6 10 theme used 1366:1369 arg1 emulsifiers 1371:1381 two commonly used emulsifiers 1353:1381 two commonly used emulsifiers 1353:1381 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 5 11 theme processed 1097:1105 arg1 foods 1107:1111 processed foods 1097:1111 processed foods 1097:1111 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 3 12 theme safe 785:788 arg1 distance 790:797 a safe distance 783:797 a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine 783:843 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine. 25731162 8 13 theme metabolic 1887:1895 arg1 syndrome 1897:1904 metabolic syndrome 1887:1904 metabolic syndrome 1887:1904 Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 1 14 theme gut 205:207 arg1 microbiota 209:218 the gut microbiota 201:218 the gut microbiota 201:218 The intestinal tract is inhabited by a large and diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. 25731162 10 15 theme agents 2147:2152 arg1 use 2128:2130 the broad use 2118:2130 the broad use of emulsifying agents 2118:2152 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 5 16 theme ubiquitous 1073:1082 arg1 component 1084:1092 a ubiquitous component 1071:1092 a ubiquitous component of processed foods 1071:1111 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 5 16 theme ubiquitous 1073:1082 arg1 molecules 1052:1060 detergent-like molecules 1037:1060 detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro 1037:1183 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 10 17 theme increased 2182:2190 arg1 incidence 2201:2209 an increased societal incidence 2179:2209 an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases 2179:2279 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 6 18 from syndrome 1487:1494 arg1 hosts 1509:1513 wild-type hosts 1499:1513 wild-type hosts 1499:1513 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 7 19 theme increased 1696:1704 arg1 potential 1723:1731 increased pro-inflammatory potential 1696:1731 increased pro-inflammatory potential 1696:1731 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome was associated with microbiota encroachment, altered species composition and increased pro-inflammatory potential. 25731162 10 20 theme inflammatory 2259:2270 arg1 diseases 2272:2279 other chronic inflammatory diseases 2245:2279 other chronic inflammatory diseases 2245:2279 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 2 21 theme gut 231:233 arg1 microbiota 235:244 the gut microbiota 227:244 the gut microbiota 227:244 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 22 theme obesity-associated 497:514 arg1 diseases 516:523 obesity-associated diseases 497:523 obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome 497:570 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 10 23 theme obesity/metabolic 2214:2230 arg1 syndrome 2232:2239 obesity/metabolic syndrome 2214:2239 obesity/metabolic syndrome 2214:2239 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 0 24 theme metabolic 74:82 arg1 syndrome 84:91 metabolic syndrome 74:91 metabolic syndrome 74:91 Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 7 25 theme altered 1664:1670 arg1 composition 1680:1690 altered species composition 1664:1690 altered species composition 1664:1690 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome was associated with microbiota encroachment, altered species composition and increased pro-inflammatory potential. 25731162 2 26 theme metabolic 553:561 arg1 syndrome 563:570 metabolic syndrome 553:570 metabolic syndrome 553:570 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 5 27 theme bacterial 1135:1143 arg1 translocation 1145:1157 bacterial translocation 1135:1157 bacterial translocation across epithelia 1135:1174 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 4 28 contain have 907:910 arg1 agents 852:857 agents 852:857 agents that disrupt mucus-bacterial interactions 852:899 Thus, agents that disrupt mucus-bacterial interactions might have the potential to promote diseases associated with gut inflammation. 25731162 4 28 contain have 907:910 arg2 potential 916:924 the potential to promote diseases associated with gut inflammation 912:977 the potential to promote diseases associated with gut inflammation 912:977 Thus, agents that disrupt mucus-bacterial interactions might have the potential to promote diseases associated with gut inflammation. 25731162 9 29 theme emerging 1933:1940 arg1 concept 1942:1948 the emerging concept 1929:1948 the emerging concept that perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects 1929:2087 These results support the emerging concept that perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects. 25731162 0 30 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 emulsifiers 8:18 Dietary emulsifiers 0:18 Dietary emulsifiers 0:18 Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 8 31 from changes 1799:1805 arg1 microbiota 1810:1819 microbiota 1810:1819 microbiota 1810:1819 Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 9 32 theme host-microbiota 1965:1979 arg1 interactions 1981:1992 perturbed host-microbiota interactions 1955:1992 perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation 1955:2028 These results support the emerging concept that perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects. 25731162 2 33 theme chronic 412:418 arg1 diseases 516:523 obesity-associated diseases 497:523 obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome 497:570 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 33 theme chronic 412:418 arg1 group 488:492 the group 484:492 the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome 484:570 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 33 theme chronic 412:418 arg1 disease 472:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 33 theme chronic 412:418 arg1 diseases 433:440 numerous chronic inflammatory diseases 403:440 numerous chronic inflammatory diseases 403:440 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 0 34 theme mouse 31:35 arg1 microbiota 41:50 the mouse gut microbiota 27:50 the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome 27:91 Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 6 35 theme obesity/metabolic 1469:1485 arg1 syndrome 1487:1494 obesity/metabolic syndrome 1469:1494 obesity/metabolic syndrome 1469:1494 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 3 36 theme mucus 666:670 arg1 structures 672:681 multi-layered mucus structures 652:681 multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface 652:715 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine. 25731162 7 37 theme Emulsifier-induced 1581:1598 arg1 syndrome 1610:1617 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome 1581:1617 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome 1581:1617 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome was associated with microbiota encroachment, altered species composition and increased pro-inflammatory potential. 25731162 10 38 theme chronic 2251:2257 arg1 diseases 2272:2279 other chronic inflammatory diseases 2245:2279 other chronic inflammatory diseases 2245:2279 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 3 39 from cells 815:819 arg1 distance 790:797 a safe distance 783:797 a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine 783:843 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine. 25731162 2 40 theme immune 316:321 arg1 development 323:333 immune development 316:333 immune development 316:333 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 8 41 theme faecal 1760:1765 arg1 transplants 1767:1777 faecal transplants 1760:1777 faecal transplants 1760:1777 Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 42 theme microbiota-host 355:369 arg1 relationship 371:382 the microbiota-host relationship 351:382 the microbiota-host relationship 351:382 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 6 43 from colitis 1535:1541 arg1 mice 1546:1549 mice 1546:1549 mice predisposed to this disorder 1546:1578 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 8 44 theme such 1794:1797 arg1 changes 1799:1805 such changes 1794:1805 such changes in microbiota 1794:1819 Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 5 45 theme bowel 1234:1238 arg1 disease 1240:1246 inflammatory bowel disease 1221:1246 inflammatory bowel disease 1221:1246 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 10 46 theme diseases 2272:2279 arg1 incidence 2201:2209 an increased societal incidence 2179:2209 an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases 2179:2279 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 9 47 theme metabolic 2071:2079 arg1 effects 2081:2087 its associated metabolic effects 2056:2087 its associated metabolic effects 2056:2087 These results support the emerging concept that perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects. 25731162 8 48 theme mice 1751:1754 arg1 Use 1734:1736 Use 1734:1736 Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants 1734:1777 Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 3 49 theme gut 756:758 arg1 bacteria 760:767 gut bacteria 756:767 gut bacteria 756:767 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine. 25731162 6 50 theme emulsifiers 1371:1381 arg1 concentrations 1335:1348 relatively low concentrations 1320:1348 relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80 1320:1431 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 5 51 theme foods 1107:1111 arg1 component 1084:1092 a ubiquitous component 1071:1092 a ubiquitous component of processed foods 1071:1111 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 5 51 theme foods 1107:1111 arg1 molecules 1052:1060 detergent-like molecules 1037:1060 detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro 1037:1183 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 8 52 theme low-grade 1860:1868 arg1 inflammation 1870:1881 low-grade inflammation 1860:1881 low-grade inflammation 1860:1881 Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 9 53 theme low-grade 2007:2015 arg1 inflammation 2017:2028 low-grade inflammation 2007:2028 low-grade inflammation 2007:2028 These results support the emerging concept that perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects. 25731162 7 54 theme pro-inflammatory 1706:1721 arg1 potential 1723:1731 increased pro-inflammatory potential 1696:1731 increased pro-inflammatory potential 1696:1731 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome was associated with microbiota encroachment, altered species composition and increased pro-inflammatory potential. 25731162 10 55 theme emulsifying 2135:2145 arg1 agents 2147:2152 emulsifying agents 2135:2152 emulsifying agents 2135:2152 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 6 56 theme low 1331:1333 arg1 concentrations 1335:1348 relatively low concentrations 1320:1348 relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80 1320:1431 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 6 57 from inflammation 1452:1463 arg1 hosts 1509:1513 wild-type hosts 1499:1513 wild-type hosts 1499:1513 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 2 58 theme important 255:263 arg1 benefits 265:272 important benefits 255:272 important benefits 255:272 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 6 59 theme low-grade 1442:1450 arg1 inflammation 1452:1463 low-grade inflammation 1442:1463 low-grade inflammation 1442:1463 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 1 60 theme large 133:137 arg1 community 151:159 a large and diverse community 131:159 a large and diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiota 131:218 The intestinal tract is inhabited by a large and diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. 25731162 7 61 theme species 1672:1678 arg1 composition 1680:1690 altered species composition 1664:1690 altered species composition 1664:1690 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome was associated with microbiota encroachment, altered species composition and increased pro-inflammatory potential. 25731162 2 62 theme diseases 516:523 arg1 diseases 516:523 obesity-associated diseases 497:523 obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome 497:570 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 62 theme diseases 516:523 arg1 disease 472:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 62 theme diseases 516:523 arg1 group 488:492 the group 484:492 the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome 484:570 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 3 63 theme epithelial 804:813 arg1 cells 815:819 epithelial cells 804:819 epithelial cells that line the intestine 804:843 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine. 25731162 3 64 theme bacteria 760:767 arg1 majority 744:751 the vast majority 735:751 the vast majority of gut bacteria 735:767 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine. 25731162 1 65 theme diverse 143:149 arg1 community 151:159 a large and diverse community 131:159 a large and diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiota 131:218 The intestinal tract is inhabited by a large and diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. 25731162 7 66 theme microbiota 1639:1648 arg1 encroachment 1650:1661 microbiota encroachment 1639:1661 microbiota encroachment 1639:1661 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome was associated with microbiota encroachment, altered species composition and increased pro-inflammatory potential. 25731162 4 67 theme gut 962:964 arg1 inflammation 966:977 gut inflammation 962:977 gut inflammation 962:977 Thus, agents that disrupt mucus-bacterial interactions might have the potential to promote diseases associated with gut inflammation. 25731162 10 68 theme societal 2192:2199 arg1 incidence 2201:2209 an increased societal incidence 2179:2209 an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases 2179:2279 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 2 69 theme inflammatory 453:464 arg1 disease 472:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 70 theme relationship 371:382 arg1 disturbance 336:346 disturbance 336:346 disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship 336:382 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 6 71 theme wild-type 1499:1507 arg1 hosts 1509:1513 wild-type hosts 1499:1513 wild-type hosts 1499:1513 Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. 25731162 1 72 theme intestinal 98:107 arg1 tract 109:113 The intestinal tract 94:113 The intestinal tract 94:113 The intestinal tract is inhabited by a large and diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. 25731162 9 73 theme perturbed 1955:1963 arg1 interactions 1981:1992 perturbed host-microbiota interactions 1955:1992 perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation 1955:2028 These results support the emerging concept that perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects. 25731162 2 74 theme inflammatory 420:431 arg1 diseases 516:523 obesity-associated diseases 497:523 obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome 497:570 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 74 theme inflammatory 420:431 arg1 group 488:492 the group 484:492 the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome 484:570 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 74 theme inflammatory 420:431 arg1 disease 472:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 74 theme inflammatory 420:431 arg1 diseases 433:440 numerous chronic inflammatory diseases 403:440 numerous chronic inflammatory diseases 403:440 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 0 75 theme gut 37:39 arg1 microbiota 41:50 the mouse gut microbiota 27:50 the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome 27:91 Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 5 76 theme inflammatory 1221:1232 arg1 disease 1240:1246 inflammatory bowel disease 1221:1246 inflammatory bowel disease 1221:1246 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 5 77 theme detergent-like 1037:1050 arg1 component 1084:1092 a ubiquitous component 1071:1092 a ubiquitous component of processed foods 1071:1111 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 5 77 theme detergent-like 1037:1050 arg1 molecules 1052:1060 detergent-like molecules 1037:1060 detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro 1037:1183 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 5 77 theme detergent-like 1037:1050 arg1 emulsifiers 1024:1034 emulsifiers 1024:1034 emulsifiers 1024:1034 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 3 78 theme multi-layered 652:664 arg1 structures 672:681 multi-layered mucus structures 652:681 multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface 652:715 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine. 25731162 2 79 theme numerous 403:410 arg1 diseases 516:523 obesity-associated diseases 497:523 obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome 497:570 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 79 theme numerous 403:410 arg1 group 488:492 the group 484:492 the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome 484:570 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 79 theme numerous 403:410 arg1 disease 472:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 2 79 theme numerous 403:410 arg1 diseases 433:440 numerous chronic inflammatory diseases 403:440 numerous chronic inflammatory diseases 403:440 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 25731162 3 80 theme intestinal 698:707 arg1 surface 709:715 the intestinal surface 694:715 the intestinal surface 694:715 A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine. 25731162 8 81 theme transplants 1767:1777 arg1 Use 1734:1736 Use 1734:1736 Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants 1734:1777 Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome. 25731162 7 82 theme metabolic 1600:1608 arg1 syndrome 1610:1617 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome 1581:1617 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome 1581:1617 Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome was associated with microbiota encroachment, altered species composition and increased pro-inflammatory potential. 25731162 10 83 theme other 2245:2249 arg1 diseases 2272:2279 other chronic inflammatory diseases 2245:2279 other chronic inflammatory diseases 2245:2279 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 5 84 theme mid-twentieth 1267:1279 arg1 century 1281:1287 the mid-twentieth century 1263:1287 the mid-twentieth century 1263:1287 Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century. 25731162 10 85 theme syndrome 2232:2239 arg1 incidence 2201:2209 an increased societal incidence 2179:2209 an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases 2179:2279 Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 25731162 2 86 theme bowel 466:470 arg1 disease 472:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 inflammatory bowel disease 453:478 While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. 26547588 9 0 from amounts 796:802 arg1 extract 891:897 the extract 887:897 the extract 887:897 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 2 1 theme phenolic 361:368 arg1 monomers 370:377 phenolic monomers 361:377 phenolic monomers 361:377 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 7 2 theme Pseudotsuga 689:699 arg1 [Mirb 711:715 Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb. 689:716 Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb. 689:716 , Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.]) 26547588 7 2 theme Pseudotsuga 689:699 arg1 fir 684:686 Douglas fir 676:686 Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] 676:717 , Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.]) 26547588 9 3 theme inorganic 864:872 arg1 compounds 874:882 inorganic compounds 864:882 inorganic compounds 864:882 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 2 4 theme simultaneous 287:298 arg1 extraction 300:309 simultaneous extraction 287:309 simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts 287:387 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 15 5 theme faster 1523:1528 arg1 reactivities 1539:1550 faster chemical reactivities 1523:1550 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities 1431:1550 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities are expected in the analysed species. 26547588 2 6 theme bark 320:323 arg1 carbohydrates 346:358 carbohydrates 346:358 carbohydrates 346:358 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 2 6 theme bark 320:323 arg1 monomers 370:377 phenolic monomers 361:377 phenolic monomers 361:377 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 2 6 theme bark 320:323 arg1 salts 383:387 salts 383:387 salts 383:387 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 2 6 theme bark 320:323 arg1 constituents 325:336 other bark constituents 314:336 other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts 314:387 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 17 7 theme applications 1883:1894 arg1 context 1861:1867 the context 1857:1867 the context of industrial applications of such extracts 1857:1911 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds is deemed an important matter for investigation in the context of industrial applications of such extracts. 26547588 16 8 theme tannin 1628:1633 arg1 extraction 1635:1644 a bark tannin extraction 1621:1644 a bark tannin extraction 1621:1644 The most promising species for a bark tannin extraction was found to be larch, while the least encouraging results were detected in pine. 26547588 3 9 theme potential 531:539 arg1 applications 541:552 potential applications 531:552 potential applications 531:552 Characterization of the extract's composition and identification of the extracted tannins' molecular structure are needed to better identify potential applications. 26547588 17 10 theme such 1899:1902 arg1 extracts 1904:1911 such extracts 1899:1911 such extracts 1899:1911 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds is deemed an important matter for investigation in the context of industrial applications of such extracts. 26547588 15 11 dep species 1462:1468 arg1 species 1462:1468 traditionally used species 1443:1468 traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) 1443:1491 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities are expected in the analysed species. 26547588 15 11 dep species 1462:1468 arg1 Quebracho 1482:1490 Quebracho 1482:1490 Quebracho 1482:1490 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities are expected in the analysed species. 26547588 15 11 dep species 1462:1468 arg1 Mimosa 1471:1476 Mimosa 1471:1476 Mimosa 1471:1476 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities are expected in the analysed species. 26547588 16 12 theme encouraging 1685:1695 arg1 results 1697:1703 the least encouraging results 1675:1703 the least encouraging results 1675:1703 The most promising species for a bark tannin extraction was found to be larch, while the least encouraging results were detected in pine. 26547588 10 13 theme condensed 944:952 arg1 tannins 954:960 condensed tannins 944:960 condensed tannins 944:960 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 6 14 theme Norway 638:643 arg1 [Karst 665:670 Picea abies [Karst. 653:671 Picea abies [Karst. 653:671 , Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.]) 26547588 6 14 theme Norway 638:643 arg1 spruce 645:650 Norway spruce 638:650 Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.] 638:672 , Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.]) 26547588 13 15 theme tannin 1284:1289 arg1 oligomers 1291:1299 the tannin oligomers 1280:1299 the tannin oligomers 1280:1299 The presence of phenolic glucosides in the tannin oligomers was suggested. 26547588 15 16 theme used 1457:1460 arg1 species 1462:1468 traditionally used species 1443:1468 traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) 1443:1491 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities are expected in the analysed species. 26547588 15 16 theme used 1457:1460 arg1 Quebracho 1482:1490 Quebracho 1482:1490 Quebracho 1482:1490 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities are expected in the analysed species. 26547588 15 16 theme used 1457:1460 arg1 Mimosa 1471:1476 Mimosa 1471:1476 Mimosa 1471:1476 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities are expected in the analysed species. 26547588 0 17 theme water 63:67 arg1 extracts 74:81 hot water bark extracts 59:81 hot water bark extracts of European softwood species 59:110 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 26547588 1 18 theme softwood 155:162 arg1 bark 164:167 European softwood bark 146:167 European softwood bark 146:167 Condensed tannins extracted from European softwood bark are recognized as alternatives to synthetic phenolics. 26547588 13 19 theme phenolic 1257:1264 arg1 glucosides 1266:1275 phenolic glucosides 1257:1275 phenolic glucosides 1257:1275 The presence of phenolic glucosides in the tannin oligomers was suggested. 26547588 17 20 theme important 1819:1827 arg1 matter 1829:1834 an important matter 1816:1834 an important matter for investigation 1816:1852 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds is deemed an important matter for investigation in the context of industrial applications of such extracts. 26547588 5 21 theme European 598:605 arg1 larch 607:611 European larch 598:611 European larch (Larix decidua [Mill.] 598:634 , European larch (Larix decidua [Mill.]) 26547588 5 21 theme European 598:605 arg1 [Mill 628:632 Larix decidua [Mill. 614:633 Larix decidua [Mill. 614:633 , European larch (Larix decidua [Mill.]) 26547588 13 22 from presence 1245:1252 arg1 oligomers 1291:1299 the tannin oligomers 1280:1299 the tannin oligomers 1280:1299 The presence of phenolic glucosides in the tannin oligomers was suggested. 26547588 0 23 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 extracts 74:81 hot water bark extracts 59:81 hot water bark extracts of European softwood species 59:110 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 26547588 0 24 theme European 86:93 arg1 species 104:110 European softwood species 86:110 European softwood species 86:110 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 26547588 10 25 theme mass 1047:1050 arg1 spectrometry 1052:1063 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 1037:1063 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 1037:1063 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 10 25 theme mass 1047:1050 arg1 thiolysis 1026:1034 thiolysis 1026:1034 thiolysis 1026:1034 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 11 26 theme tannin 1132:1137 arg1 structures 1139:1148 tannin structures 1132:1148 tannin structures 1132:1148 Distinct extract compositions and tannin structures were found in each of the analysed species. 26547588 0 27 theme species 104:110 arg1 extracts 74:81 hot water bark extracts 59:81 hot water bark extracts of European softwood species 59:110 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 26547588 0 28 theme carbohydrates 42:54 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 0:111 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 26547588 10 29 theme exchange 1072:1079 arg1 thiolysis 1026:1034 thiolysis 1026:1034 thiolysis 1026:1034 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 10 29 theme exchange 1072:1079 arg1 chromatography 1081:1094 anion exchange chromatography 1066:1094 anion exchange chromatography 1066:1094 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 6 30 theme abies 659:663 arg1 [Karst 665:670 Picea abies [Karst. 653:671 Picea abies [Karst. 653:671 , Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.]) 26547588 6 30 theme abies 659:663 arg1 spruce 645:650 Norway spruce 638:650 Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.] 638:672 , Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.]) 26547588 3 31 theme molecular 481:489 arg1 structure 491:499 ' molecular structure 479:499 ' molecular structure 479:499 Characterization of the extract's composition and identification of the extracted tannins' molecular structure are needed to better identify potential applications. 26547588 0 32 theme condensed 20:28 arg1 tannins 30:36 condensed tannins 20:36 condensed tannins 20:36 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 26547588 3 33 theme composition 424:434 arg1 identification 440:453 identification 440:453 identification of the extracted tannins 440:478 Characterization of the extract's composition and identification of the extracted tannins' molecular structure are needed to better identify potential applications. 26547588 3 33 theme composition 424:434 arg1 Characterization 390:405 Characterization 390:405 Characterization of the extract's composition 390:434 Characterization of the extract's composition and identification of the extracted tannins' molecular structure are needed to better identify potential applications. 26547588 4 34 theme alba 583:586 arg1 fir 572:574 Silver fir 565:574 Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.] 565:594 Bark from Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.]) 26547588 4 34 theme alba 583:586 arg1 [Mill 588:592 Abies alba [Mill. 577:593 Abies alba [Mill. 577:593 Bark from Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.]) 26547588 3 35 theme tannins 472:478 arg1 identification 440:453 identification 440:453 identification of the extracted tannins 440:478 Characterization of the extract's composition and identification of the extracted tannins' molecular structure are needed to better identify potential applications. 26547588 3 35 theme tannins 472:478 arg1 Characterization 390:405 Characterization 390:405 Characterization of the extract's composition 390:434 Characterization of the extract's composition and identification of the extracted tannins' molecular structure are needed to better identify potential applications. 26547588 17 36 theme various 1778:1784 arg1 compounds 1796:1804 the various extracted compounds 1774:1804 the various extracted compounds 1774:1804 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds is deemed an important matter for investigation in the context of industrial applications of such extracts. 26547588 12 37 theme ubiquitous 1221:1230 arg1 tannins 1232:1238 the most ubiquitous tannins 1212:1238 the most ubiquitous tannins 1212:1238 Procyanidins were the most ubiquitous tannins. 26547588 12 37 theme ubiquitous 1221:1230 arg1 Procyanidins 1194:1205 Procyanidins 1194:1205 Procyanidins 1194:1205 Procyanidins were the most ubiquitous tannins. 26547588 9 38 theme phenolic 807:814 arg1 monomers 816:823 phenolic monomers 807:823 phenolic monomers 807:823 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 4 39 theme Silver 565:570 arg1 fir 572:574 Silver fir 565:574 Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.] 565:594 Bark from Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.]) 26547588 4 39 theme Silver 565:570 arg1 [Mill 588:592 Abies alba [Mill. 577:593 Abies alba [Mill. 577:593 Bark from Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.]) 26547588 15 40 theme higher 1493:1498 arg1 viscosities 1500:1510 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities 1431:1510 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities 1431:1550 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities are expected in the analysed species. 26547588 10 41 theme molecular 920:928 arg1 structures 930:939 The molecular structures 916:939 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates 916:978 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 17 42 theme better 1730:1735 arg1 knowledge 1737:1745 A better knowledge 1728:1745 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds 1728:1804 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds is deemed an important matter for investigation in the context of industrial applications of such extracts. 26547588 9 43 theme tannins 836:842 arg1 amounts 796:802 The amounts 792:802 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract 792:897 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 43 theme tannins 836:842 arg1 monomers 816:823 phenolic monomers 807:823 phenolic monomers 807:823 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 43 theme tannins 836:842 arg1 tannins 836:842 condensed tannins 826:842 condensed tannins 826:842 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 43 theme tannins 836:842 arg1 compounds 874:882 inorganic compounds 864:882 inorganic compounds 864:882 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 43 theme tannins 836:842 arg1 carbohydrates 845:857 carbohydrates 845:857 carbohydrates 845:857 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 16 44 theme least 1679:1683 arg1 results 1697:1703 the least encouraging results 1675:1703 the least encouraging results 1675:1703 The most promising species for a bark tannin extraction was found to be larch, while the least encouraging results were detected in pine. 26547588 16 45 located detected 1710:1717 arg2 results 1697:1703 the least encouraging results 1675:1703 the least encouraging results 1675:1703 The most promising species for a bark tannin extraction was found to be larch, while the least encouraging results were detected in pine. 26547588 16 45 located detected 1710:1717 arg1 pine 1722:1725 pine 1722:1725 pine 1722:1725 The most promising species for a bark tannin extraction was found to be larch, while the least encouraging results were detected in pine. 26547588 9 46 theme carbohydrates 845:857 arg1 amounts 796:802 The amounts 792:802 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract 792:897 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 46 theme carbohydrates 845:857 arg1 monomers 816:823 phenolic monomers 807:823 phenolic monomers 807:823 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 46 theme carbohydrates 845:857 arg1 tannins 836:842 condensed tannins 826:842 condensed tannins 826:842 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 46 theme carbohydrates 845:857 arg1 compounds 874:882 inorganic compounds 864:882 inorganic compounds 864:882 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 46 theme carbohydrates 845:857 arg1 carbohydrates 845:857 carbohydrates 845:857 carbohydrates 845:857 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 15 47 theme analysed 1572:1579 arg1 species 1581:1587 the analysed species 1568:1587 the analysed species 1568:1587 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities are expected in the analysed species. 26547588 7 48 theme Douglas 676:682 arg1 [Mirb 711:715 Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb. 689:716 Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb. 689:716 , Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.]) 26547588 7 48 theme Douglas 676:682 arg1 fir 684:686 Douglas fir 676:686 Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] 676:717 , Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.]) 26547588 14 49 theme extracts 1421:1428 arg1 fraction 1405:1412 an important fraction 1392:1412 an important fraction of all extracts 1392:1428 Polysaccharides such as arabinans, arabinogalactans and glucans represented an important fraction of all extracts. 26547588 9 50 theme compounds 874:882 arg1 amounts 796:802 The amounts 792:802 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract 792:897 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 50 theme compounds 874:882 arg1 monomers 816:823 phenolic monomers 807:823 phenolic monomers 807:823 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 50 theme compounds 874:882 arg1 tannins 836:842 condensed tannins 826:842 condensed tannins 826:842 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 50 theme compounds 874:882 arg1 compounds 874:882 inorganic compounds 864:882 inorganic compounds 864:882 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 50 theme compounds 874:882 arg1 carbohydrates 845:857 carbohydrates 845:857 carbohydrates 845:857 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 5 51 theme decidua 620:626 arg1 larch 607:611 European larch 598:611 European larch (Larix decidua [Mill.] 598:634 , European larch (Larix decidua [Mill.]) 26547588 5 51 theme decidua 620:626 arg1 [Mill 628:632 Larix decidua [Mill. 614:633 Larix decidua [Mill. 614:633 , European larch (Larix decidua [Mill.]) 26547588 15 52 theme chemical 1530:1537 arg1 reactivities 1539:1550 faster chemical reactivities 1523:1550 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities 1431:1550 Compared to traditionally used species (Mimosa and Quebracho) higher viscosities as well as faster chemical reactivities are expected in the analysed species. 26547588 2 53 theme constituents 325:336 arg1 extraction 300:309 simultaneous extraction 287:309 simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts 287:387 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 17 54 theme industrial 1872:1881 arg1 applications 1883:1894 industrial applications 1872:1894 industrial applications of such extracts 1872:1911 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds is deemed an important matter for investigation in the context of industrial applications of such extracts. 26547588 14 55 theme important 1395:1403 arg1 fraction 1405:1412 an important fraction 1392:1412 an important fraction of all extracts 1392:1428 Polysaccharides such as arabinans, arabinogalactans and glucans represented an important fraction of all extracts. 26547588 2 56 theme other 314:318 arg1 carbohydrates 346:358 carbohydrates 346:358 carbohydrates 346:358 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 2 56 theme other 314:318 arg1 monomers 370:377 phenolic monomers 361:377 phenolic monomers 361:377 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 2 56 theme other 314:318 arg1 salts 383:387 salts 383:387 salts 383:387 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 2 56 theme other 314:318 arg1 constituents 325:336 other bark constituents 314:336 other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts 314:387 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 1 57 theme synthetic 203:211 arg1 phenolics 213:221 synthetic phenolics 203:221 synthetic phenolics 203:221 Condensed tannins extracted from European softwood bark are recognized as alternatives to synthetic phenolics. 26547588 16 58 theme bark 1623:1626 arg1 extraction 1635:1644 a bark tannin extraction 1621:1644 a bark tannin extraction 1621:1644 The most promising species for a bark tannin extraction was found to be larch, while the least encouraging results were detected in pine. 26547588 17 59 theme extracts 1904:1911 arg1 applications 1883:1894 industrial applications 1872:1894 industrial applications of such extracts 1872:1911 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds is deemed an important matter for investigation in the context of industrial applications of such extracts. 26547588 1 60 theme Condensed 113:121 arg1 alternatives 187:198 alternatives 187:198 alternatives to synthetic phenolics 187:221 Condensed tannins extracted from European softwood bark are recognized as alternatives to synthetic phenolics. 26547588 1 60 theme Condensed 113:121 arg1 tannins 123:129 Condensed tannins 113:129 Condensed tannins extracted from European softwood bark 113:167 Condensed tannins extracted from European softwood bark are recognized as alternatives to synthetic phenolics. 26547588 0 61 theme bark 69:72 arg1 extracts 74:81 hot water bark extracts 59:81 hot water bark extracts of European softwood species 59:110 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 26547588 10 62 theme carbohydrates 966:978 arg1 structures 930:939 The molecular structures 916:939 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates 916:978 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 2 63 theme hot 265:267 arg1 water 269:273 hot water 265:273 hot water 265:273 The extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. 26547588 1 64 theme European 146:153 arg1 bark 164:167 European softwood bark 146:167 European softwood bark 146:167 Condensed tannins extracted from European softwood bark are recognized as alternatives to synthetic phenolics. 26547588 10 65 dep investigated 990:1001 arg1 HPLC-UV 1004:1010 HPLC-UV 1004:1010 HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography 1004:1094 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 8 66 theme Scots 724:728 arg1 Pinus 736:740 Pinus 736:740 Pinus 736:740 and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris [L.]) were extracted in water at 60°C. 26547588 8 66 theme Scots 724:728 arg1 pine 730:733 Scots pine 724:733 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris [L.] 724:756 and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris [L.]) were extracted in water at 60°C. 26547588 3 67 dep Characterization 390:405 arg1 structure 491:499 ' molecular structure 479:499 ' molecular structure 479:499 Characterization of the extract's composition and identification of the extracted tannins' molecular structure are needed to better identify potential applications. 26547588 13 68 theme glucosides 1266:1275 arg1 presence 1245:1252 The presence 1241:1252 The presence of phenolic glucosides in the tannin oligomers 1241:1299 The presence of phenolic glucosides in the tannin oligomers was suggested. 26547588 0 69 theme softwood 95:102 arg1 species 104:110 European softwood species 86:110 European softwood species 86:110 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 26547588 11 70 theme Distinct 1098:1105 arg1 compositions 1115:1126 Distinct extract compositions 1098:1126 Distinct extract compositions 1098:1126 Distinct extract compositions and tannin structures were found in each of the analysed species. 26547588 10 71 theme MALDI-TOF 1037:1045 arg1 spectrometry 1052:1063 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 1037:1063 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 1037:1063 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 10 71 theme MALDI-TOF 1037:1045 arg1 thiolysis 1026:1034 thiolysis 1026:1034 thiolysis 1026:1034 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 5 72 theme Larix 614:618 arg1 larch 607:611 European larch 598:611 European larch (Larix decidua [Mill.] 598:634 , European larch (Larix decidua [Mill.]) 26547588 5 72 theme Larix 614:618 arg1 [Mill 628:632 Larix decidua [Mill. 614:633 Larix decidua [Mill. 614:633 , European larch (Larix decidua [Mill.]) 26547588 11 73 theme extract 1107:1113 arg1 compositions 1115:1126 Distinct extract compositions 1098:1126 Distinct extract compositions 1098:1126 Distinct extract compositions and tannin structures were found in each of the analysed species. 26547588 3 74 theme extracted 462:470 arg1 tannins 472:478 the extracted tannins 458:478 the extracted tannins 458:478 Characterization of the extract's composition and identification of the extracted tannins' molecular structure are needed to better identify potential applications. 26547588 16 75 theme promising 1599:1607 arg1 species 1609:1615 The most promising species 1590:1615 The most promising species for a bark tannin extraction 1590:1644 The most promising species for a bark tannin extraction was found to be larch, while the least encouraging results were detected in pine. 26547588 16 75 theme promising 1599:1607 arg1 larch 1662:1666 larch 1662:1666 larch 1662:1666 The most promising species for a bark tannin extraction was found to be larch, while the least encouraging results were detected in pine. 26547588 11 76 located found 1155:1159 arg1 species 1185:1191 the analysed species 1172:1191 the analysed species 1172:1191 Distinct extract compositions and tannin structures were found in each of the analysed species. 26547588 11 76 located found 1155:1159 arg1 each 1164:1167 each 1164:1167 each 1164:1167 Distinct extract compositions and tannin structures were found in each of the analysed species. 26547588 11 76 located found 1155:1159 arg2 structures 1139:1148 tannin structures 1132:1148 tannin structures 1132:1148 Distinct extract compositions and tannin structures were found in each of the analysed species. 26547588 11 76 located found 1155:1159 arg2 compositions 1115:1126 Distinct extract compositions 1098:1126 Distinct extract compositions 1098:1126 Distinct extract compositions and tannin structures were found in each of the analysed species. 26547588 4 77 theme Abies 577:581 arg1 fir 572:574 Silver fir 565:574 Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.] 565:594 Bark from Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.]) 26547588 4 77 theme Abies 577:581 arg1 [Mill 588:592 Abies alba [Mill. 577:593 Abies alba [Mill. 577:593 Bark from Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.]) 26547588 10 78 theme tannins 954:960 arg1 structures 930:939 The molecular structures 916:939 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates 916:978 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 0 79 theme tannins 30:36 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 0:111 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 26547588 10 80 theme anion 1066:1070 arg1 thiolysis 1026:1034 thiolysis 1026:1034 thiolysis 1026:1034 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 10 80 theme anion 1066:1070 arg1 chromatography 1081:1094 anion exchange chromatography 1066:1094 anion exchange chromatography 1066:1094 The molecular structures of condensed tannins and carbohydrates were also investigated (HPLC-UV combined with thiolysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, anion exchange chromatography). 26547588 17 81 theme interaction 1754:1764 arg1 knowledge 1737:1745 A better knowledge 1728:1745 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds 1728:1804 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds is deemed an important matter for investigation in the context of industrial applications of such extracts. 26547588 11 82 theme analysed 1176:1183 arg1 species 1185:1191 the analysed species 1172:1191 the analysed species 1172:1191 Distinct extract compositions and tannin structures were found in each of the analysed species. 26547588 6 83 theme Picea 653:657 arg1 [Karst 665:670 Picea abies [Karst. 653:671 Picea abies [Karst. 653:671 , Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.]) 26547588 6 83 theme Picea 653:657 arg1 spruce 645:650 Norway spruce 638:650 Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.] 638:672 , Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.]) 26547588 4 84 from fir 572:574 arg1 Bark 555:558 Bark 555:558 Bark from Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.]) 555:595 Bark from Silver fir (Abies alba [Mill.]) 26547588 7 85 theme menziesii 701:709 arg1 [Mirb 711:715 Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb. 689:716 Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb. 689:716 , Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.]) 26547588 7 85 theme menziesii 701:709 arg1 fir 684:686 Douglas fir 676:686 Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] 676:717 , Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.]) 26547588 0 86 theme hot 59:61 arg1 extracts 74:81 hot water bark extracts 59:81 hot water bark extracts of European softwood species 59:110 Characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of European softwood species. 26547588 17 87 theme extracted 1786:1794 arg1 compounds 1796:1804 the various extracted compounds 1774:1804 the various extracted compounds 1774:1804 A better knowledge of the interaction between the various extracted compounds is deemed an important matter for investigation in the context of industrial applications of such extracts. 26547588 9 88 theme monomers 816:823 arg1 amounts 796:802 The amounts 792:802 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract 792:897 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 88 theme monomers 816:823 arg1 monomers 816:823 phenolic monomers 807:823 phenolic monomers 807:823 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 88 theme monomers 816:823 arg1 tannins 836:842 condensed tannins 826:842 condensed tannins 826:842 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 88 theme monomers 816:823 arg1 compounds 874:882 inorganic compounds 864:882 inorganic compounds 864:882 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 88 theme monomers 816:823 arg1 carbohydrates 845:857 carbohydrates 845:857 carbohydrates 845:857 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 9 89 theme condensed 826:834 arg1 tannins 836:842 condensed tannins 826:842 condensed tannins 826:842 The amounts of phenolic monomers, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, and inorganic compounds in the extract were determined. 26547588 13 90 attach presence 1245:1252 arg1 oligomers 1291:1299 the tannin oligomers 1280:1299 the tannin oligomers 1280:1299 The presence of phenolic glucosides in the tannin oligomers was suggested. 26547588 13 90 attach presence 1245:1252 arg2 glucosides 1266:1275 phenolic glucosides 1257:1275 phenolic glucosides 1257:1275 The presence of phenolic glucosides in the tannin oligomers was suggested. 29389547 7 0 theme % 992:992 arg1 CHIA 994:997 1.0% CHIA 989:997 1.0% CHIA 989:997 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 10 1 from addition 1388:1395 arg1 properties 1447:1456 physicochemical and sensorial properties 1417:1456 physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products 1417:1490 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 8 2 theme product 1202:1208 arg1 purge 1132:1136 higher (p<0.05) purge 1116:1136 higher (p<0.05) purge 1116:1136 Following storage at 4°C, higher (p<0.05) purge and centrifugation losses, as well as hardness of this ham-like product can be improved by adding CHIA and CA. 29389547 8 2 theme product 1202:1208 arg1 losses 1157:1162 centrifugation losses 1142:1162 centrifugation losses 1142:1162 Following storage at 4°C, higher (p<0.05) purge and centrifugation losses, as well as hardness of this ham-like product can be improved by adding CHIA and CA. 29389547 8 2 theme product 1202:1208 arg1 hardness 1176:1183 hardness 1176:1183 hardness of this ham-like product 1176:1208 Following storage at 4°C, higher (p<0.05) purge and centrifugation losses, as well as hardness of this ham-like product can be improved by adding CHIA and CA. 29389547 10 3 theme good-quality 1559:1570 arg1 products 1577:1584 healthy and good-quality meat products 1547:1584 healthy and good-quality meat products 1547:1584 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 9 4 theme CHIA 1249:1252 arg1 addition 1254:1261 CHIA addition 1249:1261 CHIA addition 1249:1261 CHIA addition also resulted in lower (p<0.05) lipid and protein oxidation, especially a 1.0% addition. 29389547 10 5 from improvements 1401:1412 arg1 properties 1447:1456 physicochemical and sensorial properties 1417:1456 physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products 1417:1490 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 4 6 theme high 551:554 arg1 amounts 556:562 high amounts 551:562 high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides 551:605 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 4 6 theme high 551:554 arg1 polysaccharides 591:605 α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides 567:605 polysaccharides 591:605 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 7 7 theme % 980:980 arg1 CA 982:983 0.5% CA 977:983 0.5% CA 977:983 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 2 8 theme organic 248:254 arg1 absorption 265:274 organic molecule absorption 248:274 organic molecule absorption 248:274 Due to their higher water-holding, water absorption, and organic molecule absorption, chia seeds (CHIA) have been applied in powders, nutrition bars, breads, and cookies. 29389547 5 9 theme carrageenan 743:753 arg1 combination 719:729 a combination 717:729 a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) 717:758 Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p<0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. 29389547 1 10 theme worse 177:181 arg1 flavor 183:188 worse flavor 177:188 worse flavor 177:188 Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. 29389547 6 11 theme electron 842:849 arg1 observation 862:872 A scanning electron microscope observation 831:872 A scanning electron microscope observation 831:872 A scanning electron microscope observation indicated that CHIA and CA addition can assist an emulsification in this ham-like product. 29389547 8 12 theme higher 1116:1121 arg1 purge 1132:1136 higher (p<0.05) purge 1116:1136 higher (p<0.05) purge 1116:1136 Following storage at 4°C, higher (p<0.05) purge and centrifugation losses, as well as hardness of this ham-like product can be improved by adding CHIA and CA. 29389547 4 13 contain contains 617:624 arg2 polyphenols 663:673 polyphenols 663:673 polyphenols 663:673 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 4 13 contain contains 617:624 arg2 minerals 649:656 minerals 649:656 minerals 649:656 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 4 13 contain contains 617:624 arg1 CHIA 542:545 CHIA 542:545 CHIA 542:545 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 4 13 contain contains 617:624 arg2 acids 642:646 essential amino acids 626:646 essential amino acids 626:646 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 2 14 theme chia 277:280 arg1 seeds 282:286 chia seeds 277:286 chia seeds (CHIA) 277:293 Due to their higher water-holding, water absorption, and organic molecule absorption, chia seeds (CHIA) have been applied in powders, nutrition bars, breads, and cookies. 29389547 2 14 theme chia 277:280 arg1 CHIA 289:292 CHIA 289:292 CHIA 289:292 Due to their higher water-holding, water absorption, and organic molecule absorption, chia seeds (CHIA) have been applied in powders, nutrition bars, breads, and cookies. 29389547 10 15 theme physicochemical 1417:1431 arg1 properties 1447:1456 physicochemical and sensorial properties 1417:1456 physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products 1417:1490 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 8 16 from 4°C 1111:1113 arg1 storage 1100:1106 storage 1100:1106 storage at 4°C 1100:1113 Following storage at 4°C, higher (p<0.05) purge and centrifugation losses, as well as hardness of this ham-like product can be improved by adding CHIA and CA. 29389547 5 17 theme CHIA 734:737 arg1 combination 719:729 a combination 717:729 a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) 717:758 Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p<0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. 29389547 5 18 theme production 779:788 arg1 yield 790:794 production yield 779:794 production yield of restructured ham-like products 779:828 Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p<0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. 29389547 8 19 theme centrifugation 1142:1155 arg1 losses 1157:1162 centrifugation losses 1142:1162 centrifugation losses 1142:1162 Following storage at 4°C, higher (p<0.05) purge and centrifugation losses, as well as hardness of this ham-like product can be improved by adding CHIA and CA. 29389547 4 20 theme acid 579:582 arg1 polysaccharides 591:605 α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides 567:605 polysaccharides 591:605 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 0 21 theme processing 49:58 arg1 properties 60:69 its processing properties 45:69 its processing properties 45:69 Nutritional composition in the chia seed and its processing properties on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 2 22 theme water 226:230 arg1 absorption 232:241 water absorption 226:241 water absorption 226:241 Due to their higher water-holding, water absorption, and organic molecule absorption, chia seeds (CHIA) have been applied in powders, nutrition bars, breads, and cookies. 29389547 4 23 theme crude 585:589 arg1 polysaccharides 591:605 α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides 567:605 polysaccharides 591:605 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 7 24 theme added 1079:1083 arg1 fat 1085:1087 added fat 1079:1087 added fat 1079:1087 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 1 25 theme lower 156:160 arg1 juiciness 162:170 lower juiciness 156:170 lower juiciness 156:170 Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. 29389547 5 26 dep yield 790:794 arg1 restructured 799:810 restructured 799:810 restructured 799:810 Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p<0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. 29389547 4 27 theme amino 636:640 arg1 acids 642:646 essential amino acids 626:646 essential amino acids 626:646 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 0 28 theme ham-like 87:94 arg1 products 96:103 ham-like products 87:103 ham-like products 87:103 Nutritional composition in the chia seed and its processing properties on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 10 29 theme restructured 1461:1472 arg1 products 1483:1490 restructured ham-like products 1461:1490 restructured ham-like products 1461:1490 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 4 30 theme essential 626:634 arg1 acids 642:646 essential amino acids 626:646 essential amino acids 626:646 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 0 31 theme Nutritional 0:10 arg1 composition 12:22 Nutritional composition 0:22 Nutritional composition in the chia seed 0:39 Nutritional composition in the chia seed and its processing properties on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 5 32 theme ham-like 812:819 arg1 products 821:828 ham-like products 812:828 ham-like products 812:828 Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p<0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. 29389547 10 33 theme CHIA 1493:1496 arg1 seeds 1498:1502 CHIA seeds 1493:1502 CHIA seeds 1493:1502 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 1 34 theme Low-fat 106:112 arg1 products 119:126 Low-fat meat products 106:126 Low-fat meat products 106:126 Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. 29389547 7 35 theme similar 1035:1041 arg1 products 1065:1072 products 1065:1072 products with added fat 1065:1087 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 7 35 theme similar 1035:1041 arg1 acceptance 1051:1060 the similar overall acceptance 1031:1060 the similar overall acceptance 1031:1060 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 10 36 theme products 1483:1490 arg1 properties 1447:1456 physicochemical and sensorial properties 1417:1456 physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products 1417:1490 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 0 37 theme chia 31:34 arg1 seed 36:39 the chia seed 27:39 the chia seed 27:39 Nutritional composition in the chia seed and its processing properties on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 7 38 theme ham-like 1007:1014 arg1 product 1016:1022 this ham-like product 1002:1022 this ham-like product 1002:1022 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 5 39 theme processing 686:695 arg1 properties 697:706 processing properties 686:706 processing properties of CHIA 686:714 Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p<0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. 29389547 3 40 theme CHIA 502:505 arg1 application 487:497 the possible application 474:497 the possible application of CHIA on 474:508 Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 10 41 theme healthy 1547:1553 arg1 products 1577:1584 healthy and good-quality meat products 1547:1584 healthy and good-quality meat products 1547:1584 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 10 42 theme ham-like 1474:1481 arg1 products 1483:1490 restructured ham-like products 1461:1490 restructured ham-like products 1461:1490 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 9 43 dep lower 1280:1284 arg1 p<0.05 1287:1292 p<0.05 1287:1292 p<0.05 1287:1292 CHIA addition also resulted in lower (p<0.05) lipid and protein oxidation, especially a 1.0% addition. 29389547 3 44 theme nutritional 423:433 arg1 compositions 435:446 the nutritional compositions 419:446 the nutritional compositions in CHIA 419:454 Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 7 45 theme 1.0 989:991 arg1 % 992:992 % 992:992 % 992:992 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 7 46 theme CA 982:983 arg1 Addition 965:972 Addition 965:972 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product 965:1022 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 10 47 theme meat 1572:1575 arg1 products 1577:1584 healthy and good-quality meat products 1547:1584 healthy and good-quality meat products 1547:1584 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 5 48 dep restructured 799:810 arg1 of 796:797 of 796:797 of 796:797 Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p<0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. 29389547 7 49 theme 0.5 977:979 arg1 % 980:980 % 980:980 % 980:980 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 3 50 from compositions 435:446 arg1 CHIA 451:454 CHIA 451:454 CHIA 451:454 Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 2 51 theme molecule 256:263 arg1 absorption 265:274 organic molecule absorption 248:274 organic molecule absorption 248:274 Due to their higher water-holding, water absorption, and organic molecule absorption, chia seeds (CHIA) have been applied in powders, nutrition bars, breads, and cookies. 29389547 6 52 theme microscope 851:860 arg1 observation 862:872 A scanning electron microscope observation 831:872 A scanning electron microscope observation 831:872 A scanning electron microscope observation indicated that CHIA and CA addition can assist an emulsification in this ham-like product. 29389547 10 53 theme nutritional 1376:1386 arg1 addition 1388:1395 nutritional addition 1376:1395 nutritional addition 1376:1395 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 9 54 theme lower 1280:1284 arg1 lipid 1295:1299 lower (p<0.05) lipid 1280:1299 lower (p<0.05) lipid 1280:1299 CHIA addition also resulted in lower (p<0.05) lipid and protein oxidation, especially a 1.0% addition. 29389547 6 55 theme scanning 833:840 arg1 observation 862:872 A scanning electron microscope observation 831:872 A scanning electron microscope observation 831:872 A scanning electron microscope observation indicated that CHIA and CA addition can assist an emulsification in this ham-like product. 29389547 10 56 contain have 1504:1507 arg1 seeds 1498:1502 CHIA seeds 1493:1502 CHIA seeds 1493:1502 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 10 56 contain have 1504:1507 arg2 potential 1515:1523 great potential 1509:1523 great potential 1509:1523 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 3 57 dep look 465:468 arg1 2 462:462 2 462:462 2 462:462 Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 9 58 theme 1.0 1337:1339 arg1 % 1340:1340 % 1340:1340 % 1340:1340 CHIA addition also resulted in lower (p<0.05) lipid and protein oxidation, especially a 1.0% addition. 29389547 3 59 theme possible 478:485 arg1 application 487:497 the possible application 474:497 the possible application of CHIA on 474:508 Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 0 60 from properties 60:69 arg1 seed 36:39 the chia seed 27:39 the chia seed 27:39 Nutritional composition in the chia seed and its processing properties on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 2 61 theme higher 204:209 arg1 water-holding 211:223 their higher water-holding 198:223 their higher water-holding 198:223 Due to their higher water-holding, water absorption, and organic molecule absorption, chia seeds (CHIA) have been applied in powders, nutrition bars, breads, and cookies. 29389547 1 62 theme meat 114:117 arg1 products 119:126 Low-fat meat products 106:126 Low-fat meat products 106:126 Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. 29389547 7 63 with products 1065:1072 arg1 fat 1085:1087 added fat 1079:1087 added fat 1079:1087 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 4 64 theme polysaccharides 591:605 arg1 amounts 556:562 high amounts 551:562 high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides 551:605 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 4 64 theme polysaccharides 591:605 arg1 polysaccharides 591:605 α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides 567:605 polysaccharides 591:605 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 9 65 theme protein 1305:1311 arg1 oxidation 1313:1321 protein oxidation 1305:1321 protein oxidation 1305:1321 CHIA addition also resulted in lower (p<0.05) lipid and protein oxidation, especially a 1.0% addition. 29389547 1 66 theme harder 140:145 arg1 texture 147:153 harder texture 140:153 harder texture 140:153 Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. 29389547 6 67 theme CA 898:899 arg1 addition 901:908 CA addition 898:908 CA addition 898:908 A scanning electron microscope observation indicated that CHIA and CA addition can assist an emulsification in this ham-like product. 29389547 4 68 theme α-linolenic 567:577 arg1 polysaccharides 591:605 α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides 567:605 polysaccharides 591:605 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 0 69 from composition 12:22 arg1 seed 36:39 the chia seed 27:39 the chia seed 27:39 Nutritional composition in the chia seed and its processing properties on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 9 70 theme % 1340:1340 arg1 addition 1342:1349 a 1.0% addition 1335:1349 a 1.0% addition 1335:1349 CHIA addition also resulted in lower (p<0.05) lipid and protein oxidation, especially a 1.0% addition. 29389547 10 71 theme products 1577:1584 arg1 development 1532:1542 the development 1528:1542 the development of healthy and good-quality meat products 1528:1584 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 7 72 theme overall 1043:1049 arg1 products 1065:1072 products 1065:1072 products with added fat 1065:1087 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 7 72 theme overall 1043:1049 arg1 acceptance 1051:1060 the similar overall acceptance 1031:1060 the similar overall acceptance 1031:1060 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 8 73 dep higher 1116:1121 arg1 p<0.05 1124:1129 p<0.05 1124:1129 p<0.05 1124:1129 Following storage at 4°C, higher (p<0.05) purge and centrifugation losses, as well as hardness of this ham-like product can be improved by adding CHIA and CA. 29389547 3 74 dep analyze 411:417 arg1 1 408:408 1 408:408 1 408:408 Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 6 75 theme ham-like 947:954 arg1 product 956:962 this ham-like product 942:962 this ham-like product 942:962 A scanning electron microscope observation indicated that CHIA and CA addition can assist an emulsification in this ham-like product. 29389547 7 76 from Addition 965:972 arg1 product 1016:1022 this ham-like product 1002:1022 this ham-like product 1002:1022 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 8 77 theme ham-like 1193:1200 arg1 product 1202:1208 this ham-like product 1188:1208 this ham-like product 1188:1208 Following storage at 4°C, higher (p<0.05) purge and centrifugation losses, as well as hardness of this ham-like product can be improved by adding CHIA and CA. 29389547 10 78 theme sensorial 1437:1445 arg1 properties 1447:1456 physicochemical and sensorial properties 1417:1456 physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products 1417:1490 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 5 79 theme CHIA 711:714 arg1 properties 697:706 processing properties 686:706 processing properties of CHIA 686:714 Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p<0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. 29389547 5 80 dep increased 760:768 arg1 p<0.05 771:776 p<0.05 771:776 p<0.05 771:776 Regarding processing properties of CHIA, a combination of CHIA and carrageenan (CA) increased (p<0.05) production yield of restructured ham-like products. 29389547 2 81 theme nutrition 325:333 arg1 bars 335:338 nutrition bars 325:338 nutrition bars 325:338 Due to their higher water-holding, water absorption, and organic molecule absorption, chia seeds (CHIA) have been applied in powders, nutrition bars, breads, and cookies. 29389547 3 82 theme ham-like 523:530 arg1 products 532:539 ham-like products 523:539 ham-like products 523:539 Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 3 83 theme study 392:396 arg1 objectives 373:382 the objectives 369:382 the objectives of this study 369:396 Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 3 83 theme study 392:396 arg1 to 403:404 to 403:404 to 403:404 Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the nutritional compositions in CHIA; and (2) look for the possible application of CHIA on restructured ham-like products. 29389547 7 84 theme CHIA 994:997 arg1 Addition 965:972 Addition 965:972 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product 965:1022 Addition of 0.5% CA and 1.0% CHIA in this ham-like product showed the similar overall acceptance as products with added fat. 29389547 10 85 theme great 1509:1513 arg1 potential 1515:1523 great potential 1509:1523 great potential 1509:1523 In summary, due to both nutritional addition and improvements on physicochemical and sensorial properties of restructured ham-like products, CHIA seeds have great potential on the development of healthy and good-quality meat products. 29389547 4 86 contain has 547:549 arg1 CHIA 542:545 CHIA 542:545 CHIA 542:545 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 4 86 contain has 547:549 arg2 amounts 556:562 high amounts 551:562 high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides 551:605 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 4 86 contain has 547:549 arg2 polysaccharides 591:605 α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides 567:605 polysaccharides 591:605 CHIA has high amounts of α-linolenic acid, crude polysaccharides, and also contains essential amino acids, minerals, and polyphenols. 29389547 1 87 contain have 135:138 arg2 juiciness 162:170 lower juiciness 156:170 lower juiciness 156:170 Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. 29389547 1 87 contain have 135:138 arg2 texture 147:153 harder texture 140:153 harder texture 140:153 Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. 29389547 1 87 contain have 135:138 arg1 products 119:126 Low-fat meat products 106:126 Low-fat meat products 106:126 Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. 29389547 1 87 contain have 135:138 arg2 flavor 183:188 worse flavor 177:188 worse flavor 177:188 Low-fat meat products always have harder texture, lower juiciness, and worse flavor. 25174708 5 0 theme obesity 768:774 arg1 mice 746:749 mice 746:749 mice independently of obesity 746:774 Here we demonstrate that an HFD promotes tumour progression in the small intestine of genetically susceptible, K-ras(G12Dint), mice independently of obesity. 25174708 5 0 theme obesity 768:774 arg1 K-ras 730:734 genetically susceptible, K-ras 705:734 K-ras 730:734 Here we demonstrate that an HFD promotes tumour progression in the small intestine of genetically susceptible, K-ras(G12Dint), mice independently of obesity. 25174708 6 1 dep defence 978:984 arg1 compromised 991:1001 compromised 991:1001 compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 991:1106 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 5 2 theme tumour 660:665 arg1 progression 667:677 tumour progression 660:677 tumour progression 660:677 Here we demonstrate that an HFD promotes tumour progression in the small intestine of genetically susceptible, K-ras(G12Dint), mice independently of obesity. 25174708 9 3 from mice 1479:1482 arg1 transfer 1439:1446 The transfer 1435:1446 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1435:1543 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 9 3 from mice 1479:1482 arg1 samples 1458:1464 faecal samples 1451:1464 faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours 1451:1506 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 9 3 from mice 1479:1482 arg1 sufficient 1549:1558 sufficient 1549:1558 sufficient 1549:1558 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 6 4 theme dendritic 1003:1011 arg1 recruitment 1018:1028 dendritic cell recruitment 1003:1028 dendritic cell recruitment 1003:1028 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 10 5 theme tumour 1677:1682 arg1 progression 1684:1694 HFD-induced tumour progression 1665:1694 HFD-induced tumour progression 1665:1694 Furthermore, treatment with antibiotics completely blocked HFD-induced tumour progression, suggesting that distinct shifts in the microbiota have a pivotal role in aggravating disease. 25174708 7 6 theme HFD-fed 1143:1149 arg1 G12Dint 1157:1163 G12Dint 1157:1163 G12Dint 1157:1163 When butyrate was administered to HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice, dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was normalized, and tumour progression was attenuated. 25174708 7 6 theme HFD-fed 1143:1149 arg1 K-ras 1151:1155 HFD-fed K-ras 1143:1155 HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1143:1169 When butyrate was administered to HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice, dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was normalized, and tumour progression was attenuated. 25174708 10 7 from shifts 1722:1727 arg1 microbiota 1736:1745 the microbiota 1732:1745 the microbiota 1732:1745 Furthermore, treatment with antibiotics completely blocked HFD-induced tumour progression, suggesting that distinct shifts in the microbiota have a pivotal role in aggravating disease. 25174708 1 8 theme physical 178:185 arg1 activity 187:194 physical activity 178:194 physical activity 178:194 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 7 9 from recruitment 1187:1197 arg1 tissues 1230:1236 the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1202:1236 the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1202:1236 When butyrate was administered to HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice, dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was normalized, and tumour progression was attenuated. 25174708 4 10 theme microbial 526:534 arg1 community 536:544 the microbial community 522:544 the microbial community 522:544 However, the mechanisms by which high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community affect the severity of tumorigenesis in the gut remain to be determined. 25174708 6 11 theme K-ras 814:818 arg1 mutation 820:827 K-ras mutation 814:827 K-ras mutation 814:827 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 7 12 theme lymphoid 1221:1228 arg1 tissues 1230:1236 the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1202:1236 the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1202:1236 When butyrate was administered to HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice, dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was normalized, and tumour progression was attenuated. 25174708 3 13 theme unequivocal 387:397 arg1 evidence 399:406 unequivocal evidence 387:406 unequivocal evidence linking dysbiosis to cancer development 387:446 Moreover, there is now unequivocal evidence linking dysbiosis to cancer development. 25174708 10 14 theme aggravating 1770:1780 arg1 disease 1782:1788 aggravating disease 1770:1788 aggravating disease 1770:1788 Furthermore, treatment with antibiotics completely blocked HFD-induced tumour progression, suggesting that distinct shifts in the microbiota have a pivotal role in aggravating disease. 25174708 8 15 from deficiency 1306:1315 arg1 MYD88 1320:1324 MYD88 1320:1324 MYD88 1320:1324 Importantly, deficiency in MYD88, a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors, blocked tumour progression. 25174708 8 15 from deficiency 1306:1315 arg1 adaptor 1340:1346 a signalling adaptor 1327:1346 a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors 1327:1404 Importantly, deficiency in MYD88, a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors, blocked tumour progression. 25174708 1 16 theme Several 94:100 arg1 features 102:109 Several features 94:109 Several features common to a Western lifestyle 94:139 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 16 theme Several 94:100 arg1 factors 212:218 known risk factors 201:218 known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers 201:247 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 16 theme Several 94:100 arg1 obesity 152:158 obesity 152:158 obesity 152:158 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 16 theme Several 94:100 arg1 levels 168:173 low levels 164:173 low levels of physical activity 164:194 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 9 17 theme faecal 1451:1456 arg1 samples 1458:1464 faecal samples 1451:1464 faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours 1451:1506 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 6 18 theme microbiota 877:886 arg1 composition 854:864 the composition 850:864 the composition of the gut microbiota 850:886 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 4 19 from changes 511:517 arg1 community 536:544 the microbial community 522:544 the microbial community 522:544 However, the mechanisms by which high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community affect the severity of tumorigenesis in the gut remain to be determined. 25174708 6 20 theme lymphoid 1091:1098 arg1 tissues 1100:1106 the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1072:1106 the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1072:1106 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 1 21 theme activity 187:194 arg1 obesity 152:158 obesity 152:158 obesity 152:158 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 21 theme activity 187:194 arg1 levels 168:173 low levels 164:173 low levels of physical activity 164:194 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 6 22 theme gut 873:875 arg1 microbiota 877:886 the gut microbiota 869:886 the gut microbiota 869:886 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 6 23 theme antimicrobial 959:971 arg1 defence 978:984 Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence 938:984 Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 938:1106 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 9 24 theme G12Dint 1531:1537 arg1 mice 1540:1543 healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1511:1543 healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1511:1543 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 1 25 theme common 111:116 arg1 features 102:109 Several features 94:109 Several features common to a Western lifestyle 94:139 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 25 theme common 111:116 arg1 factors 212:218 known risk factors 201:218 known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers 201:247 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 25 theme common 111:116 arg1 obesity 152:158 obesity 152:158 obesity 152:158 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 25 theme common 111:116 arg1 levels 168:173 low levels 164:173 low levels of physical activity 164:194 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 6 26 theme gut-associated 1076:1089 arg1 tissues 1100:1106 the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1072:1106 the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1072:1106 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 7 27 theme dendritic 1172:1180 arg1 recruitment 1187:1197 dendritic cell recruitment 1172:1197 dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1172:1236 When butyrate was administered to HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice, dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was normalized, and tumour progression was attenuated. 25174708 4 28 theme -mediated 501:509 arg1 changes 511:517 high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes 482:517 high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community 482:544 However, the mechanisms by which high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community affect the severity of tumorigenesis in the gut remain to be determined. 25174708 2 29 theme intestinal 341:350 arg1 microbiota 352:361 the intestinal microbiota 337:361 the intestinal microbiota 337:361 There is substantial evidence suggesting that diet markedly affects the composition of the intestinal microbiota. 25174708 10 30 contain have 1747:1750 arg2 role 1762:1765 a pivotal role 1752:1765 a pivotal role 1752:1765 Furthermore, treatment with antibiotics completely blocked HFD-induced tumour progression, suggesting that distinct shifts in the microbiota have a pivotal role in aggravating disease. 25174708 10 30 contain have 1747:1750 arg1 shifts 1722:1727 distinct shifts 1713:1727 distinct shifts in the microbiota 1713:1745 Furthermore, treatment with antibiotics completely blocked HFD-induced tumour progression, suggesting that distinct shifts in the microbiota have a pivotal role in aggravating disease. 25174708 9 31 theme HFD-fed 1471:1477 arg1 mice 1479:1482 HFD-fed mice 1471:1482 HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours 1471:1506 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 0 32 theme High-fat-diet-mediated 0:21 arg1 dysbiosis 23:31 High-fat-diet-mediated dysbiosis 0:31 High-fat-diet-mediated dysbiosis 0:31 High-fat-diet-mediated dysbiosis promotes intestinal carcinogenesis independently of obesity. 25174708 6 33 theme host 973:976 arg1 defence 978:984 Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence 938:984 Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 938:1106 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 10 34 theme distinct 1713:1720 arg1 shifts 1722:1727 distinct shifts 1713:1727 distinct shifts in the microbiota 1713:1745 Furthermore, treatment with antibiotics completely blocked HFD-induced tumour progression, suggesting that distinct shifts in the microbiota have a pivotal role in aggravating disease. 25174708 1 35 theme known 201:205 arg1 features 102:109 Several features 94:109 Several features common to a Western lifestyle 94:139 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 35 theme known 201:205 arg1 factors 212:218 known risk factors 201:218 known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers 201:247 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 35 theme known 201:205 arg1 obesity 152:158 obesity 152:158 obesity 152:158 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 35 theme known 201:205 arg1 levels 168:173 low levels 164:173 low levels of physical activity 164:194 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 0 36 theme intestinal 42:51 arg1 carcinogenesis 53:66 intestinal carcinogenesis 42:66 intestinal carcinogenesis 42:66 High-fat-diet-mediated dysbiosis promotes intestinal carcinogenesis independently of obesity. 25174708 4 37 theme tumorigenesis 569:581 arg1 severity 557:564 the severity 553:564 the severity of tumorigenesis in the gut 553:592 However, the mechanisms by which high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community affect the severity of tumorigenesis in the gut remain to be determined. 25174708 5 38 theme susceptible 717:727 arg1 G12Dint 736:742 G12Dint 736:742 G12Dint 736:742 Here we demonstrate that an HFD promotes tumour progression in the small intestine of genetically susceptible, K-ras(G12Dint), mice independently of obesity. 25174708 5 38 theme susceptible 717:727 arg1 mice 746:749 mice 746:749 mice independently of obesity 746:774 Here we demonstrate that an HFD promotes tumour progression in the small intestine of genetically susceptible, K-ras(G12Dint), mice independently of obesity. 25174708 5 38 theme susceptible 717:727 arg1 K-ras 730:734 genetically susceptible, K-ras 705:734 K-ras 730:734 Here we demonstrate that an HFD promotes tumour progression in the small intestine of genetically susceptible, K-ras(G12Dint), mice independently of obesity. 25174708 6 39 theme HFD 777:779 arg1 consumption 781:791 HFD consumption 777:791 HFD consumption 777:791 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 1 40 theme Western 123:129 arg1 lifestyle 131:139 a Western lifestyle 121:139 a Western lifestyle 121:139 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 11 41 theme interaction 1860:1870 arg1 importance 1831:1840 the importance 1827:1840 the importance of the reciprocal interaction between host and environmental factors in selecting a microbiota that favours carcinogenesis 1827:1963 Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the reciprocal interaction between host and environmental factors in selecting a microbiota that favours carcinogenesis, and they suggest that tumorigenesis is transmissible among genetically predisposed individuals. 25174708 1 42 theme risk 207:210 arg1 features 102:109 Several features 94:109 Several features common to a Western lifestyle 94:139 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 42 theme risk 207:210 arg1 factors 212:218 known risk factors 201:218 known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers 201:247 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 42 theme risk 207:210 arg1 obesity 152:158 obesity 152:158 obesity 152:158 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 1 42 theme risk 207:210 arg1 levels 168:173 low levels 164:173 low levels of physical activity 164:194 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 8 43 theme Toll-like 1386:1394 arg1 receptors 1396:1404 Toll-like receptors 1386:1404 Toll-like receptors 1386:1404 Importantly, deficiency in MYD88, a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors, blocked tumour progression. 25174708 6 44 theme Paneth-cell-mediated 938:957 arg1 defence 978:984 Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence 938:984 Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 938:1106 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 10 45 theme pivotal 1754:1760 arg1 role 1762:1765 a pivotal role 1752:1765 a pivotal role 1752:1765 Furthermore, treatment with antibiotics completely blocked HFD-induced tumour progression, suggesting that distinct shifts in the microbiota have a pivotal role in aggravating disease. 25174708 4 46 theme high-fat 482:489 arg1 HFD 497:499 HFD 497:499 HFD 497:499 However, the mechanisms by which high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community affect the severity of tumorigenesis in the gut remain to be determined. 25174708 4 46 theme high-fat 482:489 arg1 diet 491:494 high-fat diet 482:494 high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community 482:544 However, the mechanisms by which high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community affect the severity of tumorigenesis in the gut remain to be determined. 25174708 8 47 theme signalling 1329:1338 arg1 MYD88 1320:1324 MYD88 1320:1324 MYD88 1320:1324 Importantly, deficiency in MYD88, a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors, blocked tumour progression. 25174708 8 47 theme signalling 1329:1338 arg1 adaptor 1340:1346 a signalling adaptor 1327:1346 a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors 1327:1404 Importantly, deficiency in MYD88, a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors, blocked tumour progression. 25174708 6 48 theme molecule 1047:1054 arg1 presentation 1056:1067 MHC class II molecule presentation 1034:1067 MHC class II molecule presentation 1034:1067 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 11 49 theme environmental 1889:1901 arg1 factors 1903:1909 environmental factors 1889:1909 environmental factors 1889:1909 Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the reciprocal interaction between host and environmental factors in selecting a microbiota that favours carcinogenesis, and they suggest that tumorigenesis is transmissible among genetically predisposed individuals. 25174708 5 50 theme K-ras 730:734 arg1 intestine 692:700 the small intestine 682:700 the small intestine of genetically susceptible, K-ras(G12Dint), mice independently of obesity 682:774 Here we demonstrate that an HFD promotes tumour progression in the small intestine of genetically susceptible, K-ras(G12Dint), mice independently of obesity. 25174708 7 51 theme tumour 1258:1263 arg1 progression 1265:1275 tumour progression 1258:1275 tumour progression 1258:1275 When butyrate was administered to HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice, dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was normalized, and tumour progression was attenuated. 25174708 8 52 theme tumour 1415:1420 arg1 progression 1422:1432 tumour progression 1415:1432 tumour progression 1415:1432 Importantly, deficiency in MYD88, a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors, blocked tumour progression. 25174708 7 53 theme K-ras 1151:1155 arg1 mice 1166:1169 HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1143:1169 HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1143:1169 When butyrate was administered to HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice, dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was normalized, and tumour progression was attenuated. 25174708 4 54 from severity 557:564 arg1 gut 590:592 the gut 586:592 the gut 586:592 However, the mechanisms by which high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community affect the severity of tumorigenesis in the gut remain to be determined. 25174708 11 55 theme reciprocal 1849:1858 arg1 interaction 1860:1870 the reciprocal interaction 1845:1870 the reciprocal interaction between host and environmental factors 1845:1909 Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the reciprocal interaction between host and environmental factors in selecting a microbiota that favours carcinogenesis, and they suggest that tumorigenesis is transmissible among genetically predisposed individuals. 25174708 9 56 theme intestinal 1489:1498 arg1 tumours 1500:1506 intestinal tumours 1489:1506 intestinal tumours 1489:1506 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 9 57 theme HFD 1601:1603 arg1 absence 1587:1593 the absence 1583:1593 the absence of an HFD 1583:1603 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 1 58 theme gastrointestinal 224:239 arg1 cancers 241:247 gastrointestinal cancers 224:247 gastrointestinal cancers 224:247 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 3 59 theme cancer 429:434 arg1 development 436:446 cancer development 429:446 cancer development 429:446 Moreover, there is now unequivocal evidence linking dysbiosis to cancer development. 25174708 6 60 with conjunction 797:807 arg1 mutation 820:827 K-ras mutation 814:827 K-ras mutation 814:827 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 5 61 theme small 686:690 arg1 intestine 692:700 the small intestine 682:700 the small intestine of genetically susceptible, K-ras(G12Dint), mice independently of obesity 682:774 Here we demonstrate that an HFD promotes tumour progression in the small intestine of genetically susceptible, K-ras(G12Dint), mice independently of obesity. 25174708 4 62 theme diet 491:494 arg1 changes 511:517 high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes 482:517 high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community 482:544 However, the mechanisms by which high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community affect the severity of tumorigenesis in the gut remain to be determined. 25174708 9 63 theme samples 1458:1464 arg1 transfer 1439:1446 The transfer 1435:1446 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1435:1543 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 9 63 theme samples 1458:1464 arg1 sufficient 1549:1558 sufficient 1549:1558 sufficient 1549:1558 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 9 64 theme healthy 1511:1517 arg1 mice 1540:1543 healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1511:1543 healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1511:1543 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 9 65 from transfer 1439:1446 arg1 mice 1479:1482 HFD-fed mice 1471:1482 HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours 1471:1506 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 9 66 with mice 1479:1482 arg1 tumours 1500:1506 intestinal tumours 1489:1506 intestinal tumours 1489:1506 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 7 67 theme gut-associated 1206:1219 arg1 tissues 1230:1236 the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1202:1236 the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1202:1236 When butyrate was administered to HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice, dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was normalized, and tumour progression was attenuated. 25174708 9 68 theme adult 1519:1523 arg1 mice 1540:1543 healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1511:1543 healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1511:1543 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 6 69 from decrease 926:933 arg1 defence 978:984 Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence 938:984 Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 938:1106 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 11 70 theme predisposed 2037:2047 arg1 individuals 2049:2059 genetically predisposed individuals 2025:2059 genetically predisposed individuals 2025:2059 Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the reciprocal interaction between host and environmental factors in selecting a microbiota that favours carcinogenesis, and they suggest that tumorigenesis is transmissible among genetically predisposed individuals. 25174708 9 71 theme K-ras 1525:1529 arg1 mice 1540:1543 healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1511:1543 healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice 1511:1543 The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed mice with intestinal tumours to healthy adult K-ras(G12Dint) mice was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. 25174708 6 72 theme MHC 1034:1036 arg1 class 1038:1042 MHC class II 1034:1045 MHC class II molecule presentation 1034:1067 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 8 73 theme recognition 1360:1370 arg1 receptors 1372:1380 pattern recognition receptors 1352:1380 pattern recognition receptors 1352:1380 Importantly, deficiency in MYD88, a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors, blocked tumour progression. 25174708 8 74 theme pattern 1352:1358 arg1 receptors 1372:1380 pattern recognition receptors 1352:1380 pattern recognition receptors 1352:1380 Importantly, deficiency in MYD88, a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors, blocked tumour progression. 25174708 10 75 with treatment 1619:1627 arg1 antibiotics 1634:1644 antibiotics 1634:1644 antibiotics 1634:1644 Furthermore, treatment with antibiotics completely blocked HFD-induced tumour progression, suggesting that distinct shifts in the microbiota have a pivotal role in aggravating disease. 25174708 2 76 theme microbiota 352:361 arg1 composition 322:332 the composition 318:332 the composition of the intestinal microbiota 318:361 There is substantial evidence suggesting that diet markedly affects the composition of the intestinal microbiota. 25174708 6 77 theme class 1038:1042 arg1 presentation 1056:1067 MHC class II molecule presentation 1034:1067 MHC class II molecule presentation 1034:1067 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 6 78 from consumption 781:791 arg1 conjunction 797:807 conjunction 797:807 conjunction with K-ras mutation 797:827 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 1 79 theme low 164:166 arg1 levels 168:173 low levels 164:173 low levels of physical activity 164:194 Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. 25174708 10 80 theme HFD-induced 1665:1675 arg1 progression 1684:1694 HFD-induced tumour progression 1665:1694 HFD-induced tumour progression 1665:1694 Furthermore, treatment with antibiotics completely blocked HFD-induced tumour progression, suggesting that distinct shifts in the microbiota have a pivotal role in aggravating disease. 25174708 6 81 from shift 841:845 arg1 composition 854:864 the composition 850:864 the composition of the gut microbiota 850:886 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 25174708 2 82 theme substantial 259:269 arg1 evidence 271:278 substantial evidence 259:278 substantial evidence suggesting that diet markedly affects the composition of the intestinal microbiota 259:361 There is substantial evidence suggesting that diet markedly affects the composition of the intestinal microbiota. 25174708 7 83 theme cell 1182:1185 arg1 recruitment 1187:1197 dendritic cell recruitment 1172:1197 dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues 1172:1236 When butyrate was administered to HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice, dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was normalized, and tumour progression was attenuated. 25174708 6 84 theme cell 1013:1016 arg1 recruitment 1018:1028 dendritic cell recruitment 1003:1028 dendritic cell recruitment 1003:1028 HFD consumption, in conjunction with K-ras mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 27226011 0 0 theme Wines 81:85 arg1 Composition 52:62 Complex Carbohydrate Composition 31:62 Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines 31:85 Influence of Grape Maturity on Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines. 27226011 3 1 from Polysaccharides 399:413 arg1 wines 516:520 base wines 511:520 base wines 511:520 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, mannoproteins, rhamnogalacturonans II, and oligosaccharides in base wines increased with maturity. 27226011 5 2 theme oligosaccharides 783:798 arg1 content 772:778 The total glycosyl content 753:778 The total glycosyl content of oligosaccharides 753:798 The total glycosyl content of oligosaccharides decreased during the whole period of aging on yeast lees. 27226011 3 3 theme base 511:514 arg1 wines 516:520 base wines 511:520 base wines 511:520 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, mannoproteins, rhamnogalacturonans II, and oligosaccharides in base wines increased with maturity. 27226011 2 4 from impact 289:294 arg1 composition 312:322 composition 312:322 composition 312:322 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 2 4 from impact 289:294 arg1 evolution 329:337 evolution 329:337 evolution 329:337 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 2 4 from impact 289:294 arg1 content 303:309 content 303:309 content 303:309 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 0 5 theme Sparkling 71:79 arg1 Wines 81:85 Red Sparkling Wines 67:85 Red Sparkling Wines 67:85 Influence of Grape Maturity on Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines. 27226011 3 6 from rich 415:418 arg1 galactose 437:445 galactose 437:445 galactose 437:445 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, mannoproteins, rhamnogalacturonans II, and oligosaccharides in base wines increased with maturity. 27226011 3 6 from rich 415:418 arg1 arabinose 423:431 arabinose 423:431 arabinose 423:431 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, mannoproteins, rhamnogalacturonans II, and oligosaccharides in base wines increased with maturity. 27226011 4 7 theme rich 589:592 arg1 carbohydrates 702:714 the major carbohydrates 692:714 the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages 692:750 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 7 theme rich 589:592 arg1 residue 655:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue 626:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides 626:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 7 theme rich 589:592 arg1 oligosaccharides 670:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 7 theme rich 589:592 arg1 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose 573:619 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 6 8 from galactose 913:921 arg1 rich 891:894 rich 891:894 rich 891:894 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 0 9 from Influence 0:8 arg1 Composition 52:62 Complex Carbohydrate Composition 31:62 Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines 31:85 Influence of Grape Maturity on Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines. 27226011 7 10 theme wines 1125:1129 arg1 polysaccharide 1061:1074 polysaccharide 1061:1074 polysaccharide 1061:1074 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 7 10 theme wines 1125:1129 arg1 composition 1096:1106 oligosaccharide composition 1080:1106 oligosaccharide composition 1080:1106 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 2 11 theme significant 277:287 arg1 impact 289:294 a significant impact 275:294 a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines 275:396 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 4 12 from arabinose 597:605 arg1 rich 589:592 rich 589:592 rich 589:592 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 13 theme vinification 732:743 arg1 stages 745:750 all vinification stages 728:750 all vinification stages 728:750 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 14 from galactose 611:619 arg1 rich 589:592 rich 589:592 rich 589:592 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 7 15 theme sparkling 1115:1123 arg1 wines 1125:1129 red sparkling wines 1111:1129 red sparkling wines 1111:1129 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 4 16 theme glucuronic 630:639 arg1 carbohydrates 702:714 the major carbohydrates 692:714 the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages 692:750 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 16 theme glucuronic 630:639 arg1 residue 655:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue 626:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides 626:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 16 theme glucuronic 630:639 arg1 oligosaccharides 670:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 16 theme glucuronic 630:639 arg1 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose 573:619 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 1 17 theme red 175:177 arg1 wine 189:192 red sparkling wine making 175:199 red sparkling wine making 175:199 This paper studied how grape maturity affected complex carbohydrate composition during red sparkling wine making and wine aging. 27226011 4 18 from rich 589:592 arg1 arabinose 597:605 arabinose 597:605 arabinose 597:605 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 18 from rich 589:592 arg1 galactose 611:619 galactose 611:619 galactose 611:619 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 3 19 theme rich 415:418 arg1 Polysaccharides 399:413 Polysaccharides 399:413 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose 399:445 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, mannoproteins, rhamnogalacturonans II, and oligosaccharides in base wines increased with maturity. 27226011 7 20 theme composition 1096:1106 arg1 this 1029:1032 this 1029:1032 this 1029:1032 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 7 20 theme composition 1096:1106 arg1 report 1047:1052 the first report 1037:1052 the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines 1037:1129 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 1 21 theme sparkling 179:187 arg1 wine 189:192 red sparkling wine making 175:199 red sparkling wine making 175:199 This paper studied how grape maturity affected complex carbohydrate composition during red sparkling wine making and wine aging. 27226011 4 22 located detected 716:723 arg2 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose 573:619 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 22 located detected 716:723 arg2 carbohydrates 702:714 the major carbohydrates 692:714 the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages 692:750 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 22 located detected 716:723 arg2 residue 655:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue 626:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides 626:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 22 located detected 716:723 arg2 oligosaccharides 670:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 22 located detected 716:723 arg1 stages 745:750 all vinification stages 728:750 all vinification stages 728:750 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 6 23 from type 947:950 arg1 rich 891:894 rich 891:894 rich 891:894 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 5 24 theme aging 837:841 arg1 period 827:832 the whole period 817:832 the whole period of aging on yeast lees 817:855 The total glycosyl content of oligosaccharides decreased during the whole period of aging on yeast lees. 27226011 7 25 theme red 1111:1113 arg1 wines 1125:1129 red sparkling wines 1111:1129 red sparkling wines 1111:1129 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 3 26 from oligosaccharides 491:506 arg1 wines 516:520 base wines 511:520 base wines 511:520 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, mannoproteins, rhamnogalacturonans II, and oligosaccharides in base wines increased with maturity. 27226011 2 27 theme oligosaccharides 362:377 arg1 composition 312:322 composition 312:322 composition 312:322 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 2 27 theme oligosaccharides 362:377 arg1 evolution 329:337 evolution 329:337 evolution 329:337 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 2 27 theme oligosaccharides 362:377 arg1 content 303:309 content 303:309 content 303:309 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 0 28 theme Maturity 19:26 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of Grape Maturity on Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines. 0:86 Influence of Grape Maturity on Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines. 27226011 4 29 theme maturity 556:563 arg1 stages 565:570 both maturity stages 551:570 both maturity stages 551:570 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 7 30 theme oligosaccharide 1080:1094 arg1 composition 1096:1106 oligosaccharide composition 1080:1106 oligosaccharide composition 1080:1106 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 5 31 theme glycosyl 763:770 arg1 content 772:778 The total glycosyl content 753:778 The total glycosyl content of oligosaccharides 753:798 The total glycosyl content of oligosaccharides decreased during the whole period of aging on yeast lees. 27226011 4 32 theme acid 641:644 arg1 carbohydrates 702:714 the major carbohydrates 692:714 the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages 692:750 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 32 theme acid 641:644 arg1 residue 655:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue 626:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides 626:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 32 theme acid 641:644 arg1 oligosaccharides 670:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 32 theme acid 641:644 arg1 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose 573:619 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 0 33 theme Grape 13:17 arg1 Maturity 19:26 Grape Maturity 13:26 Grape Maturity 13:26 Influence of Grape Maturity on Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines. 27226011 7 34 theme polysaccharide 1061:1074 arg1 this 1029:1032 this 1029:1032 this 1029:1032 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 7 34 theme polysaccharide 1061:1074 arg1 report 1047:1052 the first report 1037:1052 the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines 1037:1129 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 6 35 from pronounced 981:990 arg1 samples 1002:1008 mature samples 995:1008 mature samples 995:1008 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 4 36 theme major 696:700 arg1 carbohydrates 702:714 the major carbohydrates 692:714 the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages 692:750 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 36 theme major 696:700 arg1 residue 655:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue 626:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides 626:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 36 theme major 696:700 arg1 oligosaccharides 670:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 36 theme major 696:700 arg1 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose 573:619 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 0 37 theme Complex 31:37 arg1 Composition 52:62 Complex Carbohydrate Composition 31:62 Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines 31:85 Influence of Grape Maturity on Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines. 27226011 6 38 from samples 1002:1008 arg1 reduction 862:870 The reduction 858:870 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging 858:970 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 6 38 from samples 1002:1008 arg1 pronounced 981:990 pronounced 981:990 pronounced 981:990 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 6 39 theme rich 891:894 arg1 polysaccharides 875:889 polysaccharides 875:889 polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II 875:953 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 1 40 dep wine 189:192 arg1 aging 210:214 aging 210:214 aging 210:214 This paper studied how grape maturity affected complex carbohydrate composition during red sparkling wine making and wine aging. 27226011 1 41 theme making 194:199 arg1 wine 189:192 red sparkling wine making 175:199 red sparkling wine making 175:199 This paper studied how grape maturity affected complex carbohydrate composition during red sparkling wine making and wine aging. 27226011 2 42 theme wines 392:396 arg1 impact 289:294 a significant impact 275:294 a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines 275:396 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 6 43 theme polysaccharides 875:889 arg1 reduction 862:870 The reduction 858:870 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging 858:970 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 6 43 theme polysaccharides 875:889 arg1 pronounced 981:990 pronounced 981:990 pronounced 981:990 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 3 44 from mannoproteins 448:460 arg1 wines 516:520 base wines 511:520 base wines 511:520 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, mannoproteins, rhamnogalacturonans II, and oligosaccharides in base wines increased with maturity. 27226011 4 45 theme glycosyl 646:653 arg1 carbohydrates 702:714 the major carbohydrates 692:714 the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages 692:750 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 45 theme glycosyl 646:653 arg1 residue 655:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue 626:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides 626:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 45 theme glycosyl 646:653 arg1 oligosaccharides 670:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 45 theme glycosyl 646:653 arg1 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose 573:619 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 5 46 theme whole 821:825 arg1 period 827:832 the whole period 817:832 the whole period of aging on yeast lees 817:855 The total glycosyl content of oligosaccharides decreased during the whole period of aging on yeast lees. 27226011 6 47 theme mature 995:1000 arg1 samples 1002:1008 mature samples 995:1008 mature samples 995:1008 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 2 48 theme ripening 223:230 arg1 stage 232:236 Grape ripening stage 217:236 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) 217:266 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 2 48 theme ripening 223:230 arg1 grapes 260:265 premature and mature grapes 239:265 premature and mature grapes 239:265 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 0 49 theme Carbohydrate 39:50 arg1 Composition 52:62 Complex Carbohydrate Composition 31:62 Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines 31:85 Influence of Grape Maturity on Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines. 27226011 2 50 theme Grape 217:221 arg1 stage 232:236 Grape ripening stage 217:236 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) 217:266 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 2 50 theme Grape 217:221 arg1 grapes 260:265 premature and mature grapes 239:265 premature and mature grapes 239:265 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 3 51 from rhamnogalacturonans 463:481 arg1 wines 516:520 base wines 511:520 base wines 511:520 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, mannoproteins, rhamnogalacturonans II, and oligosaccharides in base wines increased with maturity. 27226011 1 52 theme grape 111:115 arg1 maturity 117:124 grape maturity 111:124 grape maturity 111:124 This paper studied how grape maturity affected complex carbohydrate composition during red sparkling wine making and wine aging. 27226011 5 53 from period 827:832 arg1 lees 852:855 lees 852:855 lees 852:855 The total glycosyl content of oligosaccharides decreased during the whole period of aging on yeast lees. 27226011 7 54 theme first 1041:1045 arg1 this 1029:1032 this 1029:1032 this 1029:1032 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 7 54 theme first 1041:1045 arg1 report 1047:1052 the first report 1037:1052 the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines 1037:1129 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 4 55 theme oligosaccharides 670:685 arg1 carbohydrates 702:714 the major carbohydrates 692:714 the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages 692:750 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 55 theme oligosaccharides 670:685 arg1 residue 655:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue 626:661 the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides 626:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 55 theme oligosaccharides 670:685 arg1 oligosaccharides 670:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 the oligosaccharides 666:685 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 4 55 theme oligosaccharides 670:685 arg1 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides 573:587 polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose 573:619 For both maturity stages, polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, and the glucuronic acid glycosyl residue of the oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 27226011 2 56 dep content 303:309 arg1 the 299:301 the 299:301 the 299:301 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 6 57 from rich 891:894 arg1 galactose 913:921 galactose 913:921 galactose 913:921 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 6 57 from rich 891:894 arg1 type 947:950 rhamnogalacturonans type II 927:953 rhamnogalacturonans type II 927:953 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 6 57 from rich 891:894 arg1 arabinose 899:907 arabinose 899:907 arabinose 899:907 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 5 58 theme total 757:761 arg1 content 772:778 The total glycosyl content 753:778 The total glycosyl content of oligosaccharides 753:798 The total glycosyl content of oligosaccharides decreased during the whole period of aging on yeast lees. 27226011 2 59 theme mature 253:258 arg1 stage 232:236 Grape ripening stage 217:236 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) 217:266 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 2 59 theme mature 253:258 arg1 grapes 260:265 premature and mature grapes 239:265 premature and mature grapes 239:265 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 3 60 from arabinose 423:431 arg1 rich 415:418 rich 415:418 rich 415:418 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, mannoproteins, rhamnogalacturonans II, and oligosaccharides in base wines increased with maturity. 27226011 1 61 theme carbohydrate 143:154 arg1 composition 156:166 complex carbohydrate composition 135:166 complex carbohydrate composition 135:166 This paper studied how grape maturity affected complex carbohydrate composition during red sparkling wine making and wine aging. 27226011 0 62 theme Red 67:69 arg1 Wines 81:85 Red Sparkling Wines 67:85 Red Sparkling Wines 67:85 Influence of Grape Maturity on Complex Carbohydrate Composition of Red Sparkling Wines. 27226011 7 63 dep polysaccharide 1061:1074 arg1 the 1057:1059 the 1057:1059 the 1057:1059 To our knowledge, this is the first report of the polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of red sparkling wines. 27226011 1 64 theme complex 135:141 arg1 composition 156:166 complex carbohydrate composition 135:166 complex carbohydrate composition 135:166 This paper studied how grape maturity affected complex carbohydrate composition during red sparkling wine making and wine aging. 27226011 2 65 theme sparkling 382:390 arg1 wines 392:396 sparkling wines 382:396 sparkling wines 382:396 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 6 66 theme rhamnogalacturonans 927:945 arg1 type 947:950 rhamnogalacturonans type II 927:953 rhamnogalacturonans type II 927:953 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27226011 2 67 theme premature 239:247 arg1 stage 232:236 Grape ripening stage 217:236 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) 217:266 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 2 67 theme premature 239:247 arg1 grapes 260:265 premature and mature grapes 239:265 premature and mature grapes 239:265 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 3 68 from galactose 437:445 arg1 rich 415:418 rich 415:418 rich 415:418 Polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, mannoproteins, rhamnogalacturonans II, and oligosaccharides in base wines increased with maturity. 27226011 2 69 theme polysaccharides 342:356 arg1 composition 312:322 composition 312:322 composition 312:322 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 2 69 theme polysaccharides 342:356 arg1 evolution 329:337 evolution 329:337 evolution 329:337 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 2 69 theme polysaccharides 342:356 arg1 content 303:309 content 303:309 content 303:309 Grape ripening stage (premature and mature grapes) showed a significant impact on the content, composition, and evolution of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides of sparkling wines. 27226011 6 70 from arabinose 899:907 arg1 rich 891:894 rich 891:894 rich 891:894 The reduction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose and rhamnogalacturonans type II during the aging was more pronounced in mature samples. 27694053 4 0 theme A-loaded 943:950 arg1 HAp/Ch-PLGA 952:962 A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 943:962 A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 943:962 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the thermal degradation products and properties of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA. 27694053 3 1 theme A 728:728 arg1 structure 700:708 the intact structure 689:708 the intact structure of the derivative A 689:728 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques confirmed the intact structure of the derivative A following its entrapment within HAp/Ch-PLGA particles. 27694053 2 2 theme cells 642:646 arg1 derivative 539:548 a chemotherapeutic derivative 520:548 a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells 520:646 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 2 2 theme cells 642:646 arg1 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate 464:513 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate 464:513 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A) 464:517 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 5 3 dep efficiency 977:986 arg1 indicated 992:1000 indicated 992:1000 indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 992:1088 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 8 4 theme force 1234:1238 arg1 microscopy 1240:1249 Atomic force microscopy 1227:1249 Atomic force microscopy 1227:1249 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 10 5 theme healthy 1984:1990 arg1 cells 1992:1996 the healthy cells 1980:1996 the healthy cells 1980:1996 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 9 6 theme exclusion 1477:1485 arg1 assays 1487:1492 MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays 1453:1492 MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays 1453:1492 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 5 7 from A 1063:1063 arg1 enthalpies 1023:1032 enthalpies 1023:1032 enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1023:1088 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 9 8 theme mouse 1718:1722 arg1 fibroblasts 1729:1739 primary mouse lung fibroblasts 1710:1739 primary mouse lung fibroblasts 1710:1739 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 10 9 theme cytotoxic 1960:1968 arg1 effect 1970:1975 a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect 1937:1975 a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells 1937:1996 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 10 10 theme drug 1825:1828 arg1 platforms 1839:1847 promising drug delivery platforms 1815:1847 promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies 1815:1878 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 10 10 theme drug 1825:1828 arg1 particles 1788:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 8 11 theme size 1264:1267 arg1 distribution 1269:1280 particle size distribution 1255:1280 particle size distribution 1255:1280 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 2 12 theme selective 592:600 arg1 activity 613:620 a selective anticancer activity 590:620 a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer 590:640 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 0 13 theme cancer 130:135 arg1 inhibitor 137:145 an androstane-based cancer inhibitor 110:145 an androstane-based cancer inhibitor 110:145 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles loaded with an androstane-based cancer inhibitor. 27694053 9 14 theme high 1625:1628 arg1 viability 1630:1638 high viability 1625:1638 high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts 1625:1685 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 9 14 theme high 1625:1628 arg1 % 1645:1645 83±3% 1641:1645 83±3% 1641:1645 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 7 15 dep sustained 1147:1155 arg1 neither 1158:1164 neither 1158:1164 neither 1158:1164 The release of A from HAp/Ch-PLGA was sustained, neither exhibiting a burst release nor plateauing after three weeks. 27694053 7 16 theme A 1124:1124 arg1 release 1113:1119 The release 1109:1119 The release of A from HAp/Ch-PLGA 1109:1141 The release of A from HAp/Ch-PLGA was sustained, neither exhibiting a burst release nor plateauing after three weeks. 27694053 3 17 theme 1H 649:650 arg1 NMR 652:654 1H NMR 649:654 1H NMR 649:654 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques confirmed the intact structure of the derivative A following its entrapment within HAp/Ch-PLGA particles. 27694053 9 18 theme human 1553:1557 arg1 line 1579:1582 the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line 1544:1582 the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line 1544:1582 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 2 19 theme lung 630:633 arg1 cancer 635:640 lung cancer 630:640 lung cancer 630:640 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 9 20 theme cytotoxicity 1402:1413 arg1 testing 1415:1421 In vitro cytotoxicity testing 1393:1421 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays 1393:1492 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 8 21 theme uniform 1353:1359 arg1 distribution 1366:1377 a uniform size distribution 1351:1377 a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm 1351:1390 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 9 22 theme carcinoma 1564:1572 arg1 line 1579:1582 the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line 1544:1582 the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line 1544:1582 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 10 23 theme malignant 1891:1899 arg1 cells 1901:1905 malignant cells 1891:1905 malignant cells 1891:1905 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 3 24 theme NMR 664:666 arg1 techniques 668:677 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques 649:677 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques 649:677 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques confirmed the intact structure of the derivative A following its entrapment within HAp/Ch-PLGA particles. 27694053 8 25 theme d50=168nm 1382:1390 arg1 distribution 1366:1377 a uniform size distribution 1351:1377 a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm 1351:1390 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 5 26 theme loading 969:975 arg1 efficiency 977:986 The loading efficiency 965:986 The loading efficiency 965:986 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 2 27 theme chemotherapeutic 522:537 arg1 derivative 539:548 a chemotherapeutic derivative 520:548 a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells 520:646 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 2 27 theme chemotherapeutic 522:537 arg1 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate 464:513 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate 464:513 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A) 464:517 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 0 28 theme -lactide-co-glycolide 66:86 arg1 particles 88:96 hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles 33:96 hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles 33:96 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles loaded with an androstane-based cancer inhibitor. 27694053 2 29 theme novel 570:574 arg1 compound 576:583 a novel compound 568:583 a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer 568:640 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 5 30 theme transitions 1043:1053 arg1 enthalpies 1023:1032 enthalpies 1023:1032 enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1023:1088 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 5 31 theme pure 1058:1061 arg1 A 1063:1063 pure A 1058:1063 pure A 1058:1063 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 4 32 theme thermogravimetric 789:805 arg1 analyses 832:839 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses 785:839 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry 785:870 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the thermal degradation products and properties of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA. 27694053 0 33 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 activity 21:28 Selective anticancer activity 0:28 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles 0:96 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles loaded with an androstane-based cancer inhibitor. 27694053 1 34 theme target 284:289 arg1 lungs 291:295 chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs 230:295 chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs 230:295 In an earlier study we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice. 27694053 4 35 theme differential 811:822 arg1 analyses 832:839 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses 785:839 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry 785:870 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the thermal degradation products and properties of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA. 27694053 2 36 theme composite 427:435 arg1 particles 449:457 the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 423:457 the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 423:457 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 3 37 theme intact 693:698 arg1 structure 700:708 the intact structure 689:708 the intact structure of the derivative A 689:728 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques confirmed the intact structure of the derivative A following its entrapment within HAp/Ch-PLGA particles. 27694053 0 38 theme hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly 33:60 arg1 particles 88:96 hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles 33:96 hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles 33:96 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles loaded with an androstane-based cancer inhibitor. 27694053 1 39 theme intravenous 313:323 arg1 injection 325:333 their intravenous injection 307:333 their intravenous injection into mice 307:343 In an earlier study we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice. 27694053 9 40 theme A-loaded 1426:1433 arg1 HAp/Ch-PLGA 1435:1445 A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1426:1445 A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1426:1445 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 4 41 theme thermal 896:902 arg1 products 916:923 the thermal degradation products 892:923 the thermal degradation products 892:923 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the thermal degradation products and properties of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA. 27694053 9 42 theme regular 1651:1657 arg1 fibroblasts 1675:1685 regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts 1651:1685 regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts 1651:1685 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 3 43 theme derivative 717:726 arg1 A 728:728 the derivative A 713:728 the derivative A 713:728 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques confirmed the intact structure of the derivative A following its entrapment within HAp/Ch-PLGA particles. 27694053 1 44 dep chitosan-poly 230:242 arg1 l 246:246 l 246:246 l 246:246 In an earlier study we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice. 27694053 1 44 dep chitosan-poly 230:242 arg1 d 244:244 d 244:244 d 244:244 In an earlier study we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice. 27694053 9 45 dep cytotoxic 1531:1539 arg1 cytotoxic 1531:1539 cytotoxic 1531:1539 cytotoxic 1531:1539 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 9 45 dep cytotoxic 1531:1539 arg1 % 1589:1589 46±2% 1585:1589 46±2% 1585:1589 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 9 45 dep cytotoxic 1531:1539 arg1 particles 1516:1524 the particles 1512:1524 the particles 1512:1524 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 2 46 with compound 576:583 arg1 activity 613:620 a selective anticancer activity 590:620 a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer 590:640 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 9 47 theme human 1664:1668 arg1 fibroblasts 1675:1685 regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts 1651:1685 regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts 1651:1685 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 1 48 theme earlier 154:160 arg1 study 162:166 an earlier study 151:166 an earlier study 151:166 In an earlier study we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice. 27694053 2 49 theme emulsification 374:387 arg1 process 389:395 an emulsification process 371:395 an emulsification process 371:395 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 9 50 theme blue 1468:1471 arg1 exclusion 1477:1485 trypan blue dye exclusion 1461:1485 trypan blue dye exclusion 1461:1485 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 9 51 theme fibroblasts 1675:1685 arg1 viability 1630:1638 high viability 1625:1638 high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts 1625:1685 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 9 51 theme fibroblasts 1675:1685 arg1 % 1645:1645 83±3% 1641:1645 83±3% 1641:1645 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 9 52 dep In 1393:1394 arg1 vitro 1396:1400 vitro 1396:1400 vitro 1396:1400 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 10 53 theme composite 1757:1765 arg1 particles 1788:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 10 53 theme composite 1757:1765 arg1 platforms 1839:1847 promising drug delivery platforms 1815:1847 promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies 1815:1878 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 1 54 theme -lactide-co-glycolide 248:268 arg1 lungs 291:295 chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs 230:295 chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs 230:295 In an earlier study we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice. 27694053 10 55 theme lesser 1953:1958 arg1 effect 1970:1975 a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect 1937:1975 a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells 1937:1996 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 5 56 from transitions 1043:1053 arg1 A 1063:1063 pure A 1058:1063 pure A 1058:1063 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 5 56 from transitions 1043:1053 arg1 HAp/Ch-PLGA 1078:1088 A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1069:1088 A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1069:1088 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 1 57 theme HAp/Ch-PLGA 271:281 arg1 lungs 291:295 chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs 230:295 chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs 230:295 In an earlier study we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice. 27694053 4 58 theme HAp/Ch-PLGA 952:962 arg1 properties 929:938 properties 929:938 properties 929:938 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the thermal degradation products and properties of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA. 27694053 4 58 theme HAp/Ch-PLGA 952:962 arg1 products 916:923 the thermal degradation products 892:923 the thermal degradation products 892:923 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the thermal degradation products and properties of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA. 27694053 7 59 from HAp/Ch-PLGA 1131:1141 arg1 release 1113:1119 The release 1109:1119 The release of A from HAp/Ch-PLGA 1109:1141 The release of A from HAp/Ch-PLGA was sustained, neither exhibiting a burst release nor plateauing after three weeks. 27694053 8 60 with spherical 1336:1344 arg1 distribution 1366:1377 a uniform size distribution 1351:1377 a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm 1351:1390 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 5 61 from HAp/Ch-PLGA 1078:1088 arg1 enthalpies 1023:1032 enthalpies 1023:1032 enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1023:1088 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 8 62 theme Atomic 1227:1232 arg1 microscopy 1240:1249 Atomic force microscopy 1227:1249 Atomic force microscopy 1227:1249 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 4 63 theme degradation 904:914 arg1 products 916:923 the thermal degradation products 892:923 the thermal degradation products 892:923 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the thermal degradation products and properties of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA. 27694053 3 64 theme HAp/Ch-PLGA 762:772 arg1 particles 774:782 HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 762:782 HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 762:782 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques confirmed the intact structure of the derivative A following its entrapment within HAp/Ch-PLGA particles. 27694053 10 65 theme delivery 1830:1837 arg1 platforms 1839:1847 promising drug delivery platforms 1815:1847 promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies 1815:1878 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 10 65 theme delivery 1830:1837 arg1 particles 1788:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 8 66 theme microscopy 1240:1249 arg1 analyses 1282:1289 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses 1227:1289 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses 1227:1289 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 9 67 theme lung 1724:1727 arg1 fibroblasts 1729:1739 primary mouse lung fibroblasts 1710:1739 primary mouse lung fibroblasts 1710:1739 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 7 68 dep burst 1179:1183 arg1 release 1185:1191 release 1185:1191 release 1185:1191 The release of A from HAp/Ch-PLGA was sustained, neither exhibiting a burst release nor plateauing after three weeks. 27694053 10 69 theme promising 1815:1823 arg1 platforms 1839:1847 promising drug delivery platforms 1815:1847 promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies 1815:1878 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 10 69 theme promising 1815:1823 arg1 particles 1788:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 4 70 used used 877:880 arg2 analyses 832:839 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses 785:839 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry 785:870 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the thermal degradation products and properties of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA. 27694053 8 71 theme particle 1255:1262 arg1 distribution 1269:1280 particle size distribution 1255:1280 particle size distribution 1255:1280 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 10 72 theme cancer 1863:1868 arg1 therapies 1870:1878 selective cancer therapies 1853:1878 selective cancer therapies 1853:1878 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 9 73 theme A549 1548:1551 arg1 line 1579:1582 the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line 1544:1582 the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line 1544:1582 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 8 74 theme distribution 1269:1280 arg1 analyses 1282:1289 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses 1227:1289 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses 1227:1289 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 2 75 theme compound 576:583 arg1 cells 642:646 androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells 553:646 androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells 553:646 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 9 76 theme lung 1559:1562 arg1 line 1579:1582 the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line 1544:1582 the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line 1544:1582 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 8 77 used used 1296:1299 arg2 analyses 1282:1289 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses 1227:1289 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses 1227:1289 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 3 78 theme 13C 660:662 arg1 NMR 664:666 13C NMR 660:666 13C NMR 660:666 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques confirmed the intact structure of the derivative A following its entrapment within HAp/Ch-PLGA particles. 27694053 9 79 theme cell 1574:1577 arg1 line 1579:1582 the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line 1544:1582 the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line 1544:1582 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 2 80 theme anticancer 602:611 arg1 activity 613:620 a selective anticancer activity 590:620 a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer 590:640 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 8 81 theme size 1361:1364 arg1 distribution 1366:1377 a uniform size distribution 1351:1377 a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm 1351:1390 Atomic force microscopy and particle size distribution analyses were used to confirm that the particles were spherical with a uniform size distribution of d50=168nm. 27694053 3 82 theme NMR 652:654 arg1 techniques 668:677 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques 649:677 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques 649:677 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques confirmed the intact structure of the derivative A following its entrapment within HAp/Ch-PLGA particles. 27694053 10 83 from effect 1970:1975 arg1 cells 1992:1996 the healthy cells 1980:1996 the healthy cells 1980:1996 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 0 84 theme particles 88:96 arg1 activity 21:28 Selective anticancer activity 0:28 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles 0:96 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles loaded with an androstane-based cancer inhibitor. 27694053 2 85 dep process 389:395 arg1 particles 449:457 the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 423:457 the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 423:457 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 5 86 theme phase 1037:1041 arg1 transitions 1043:1053 phase transitions 1037:1053 phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1037:1088 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 4 87 theme thermal 824:830 arg1 analyses 832:839 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses 785:839 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry 785:870 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the thermal degradation products and properties of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA. 27694053 0 88 theme androstane-based 113:128 arg1 inhibitor 137:145 an androstane-based cancer inhibitor 110:145 an androstane-based cancer inhibitor 110:145 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles loaded with an androstane-based cancer inhibitor. 27694053 2 89 theme androstane 553:562 arg1 cells 642:646 androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells 553:646 androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells 553:646 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 9 90 theme primary 1710:1716 arg1 fibroblasts 1729:1739 primary mouse lung fibroblasts 1710:1739 primary mouse lung fibroblasts 1710:1739 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 2 91 theme freeze 401:406 arg1 drying 408:413 freeze drying 401:413 freeze drying to load 401:421 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 0 92 theme anticancer 10:19 arg1 activity 21:28 Selective anticancer activity 0:28 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles 0:96 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles loaded with an androstane-based cancer inhibitor. 27694053 9 93 theme In 1393:1394 arg1 testing 1415:1421 In vitro cytotoxicity testing 1393:1421 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays 1393:1492 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 2 94 with androstane 553:562 arg1 activity 613:620 a selective anticancer activity 590:620 a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer 590:640 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 0 95 dep particles 88:96 arg1 l 64:64 l 64:64 l 64:64 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles loaded with an androstane-based cancer inhibitor. 27694053 0 95 dep particles 88:96 arg1 d 62:62 d 62:62 d 62:62 Selective anticancer activity of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide particles loaded with an androstane-based cancer inhibitor. 27694053 9 96 theme lung 1670:1673 arg1 fibroblasts 1675:1685 regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts 1651:1685 regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts 1651:1685 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 5 97 theme enthalpies 1023:1032 arg1 comparison 1009:1018 the comparison 1005:1018 the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1005:1088 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 2 98 theme HAp/Ch-PLGA 437:447 arg1 particles 449:457 the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 423:457 the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 423:457 In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. 27694053 10 99 theme HAp/Ch-PLGA 1776:1786 arg1 particles 1788:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 10 99 theme HAp/Ch-PLGA 1776:1786 arg1 platforms 1839:1847 promising drug delivery platforms 1815:1847 promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies 1815:1878 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 1 100 theme chitosan-poly 230:242 arg1 lungs 291:295 chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs 230:295 chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs 230:295 In an earlier study we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice. 27694053 1 101 dep nanoparticles 204:216 arg1 coated 218:223 coated 218:223 nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice 204:343 In an earlier study we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice. 27694053 9 102 theme HAp/Ch-PLGA 1435:1445 arg1 testing 1415:1421 In vitro cytotoxicity testing 1393:1421 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays 1393:1492 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 5 103 from enthalpies 1023:1032 arg1 A 1063:1063 pure A 1058:1063 pure A 1058:1063 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 5 103 from enthalpies 1023:1032 arg1 HAp/Ch-PLGA 1078:1088 A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1069:1088 A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1069:1088 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 9 104 theme MTT 1453:1455 arg1 assays 1487:1492 MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays 1453:1492 MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays 1453:1492 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 9 105 theme MRC5 1659:1662 arg1 fibroblasts 1675:1685 regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts 1651:1685 regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts 1651:1685 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 10 106 theme selective 1853:1861 arg1 therapies 1870:1878 selective cancer therapies 1853:1878 selective cancer therapies 1853:1878 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 4 107 theme mass 854:857 arg1 spectrometry 859:870 mass spectrometry 854:870 mass spectrometry 854:870 The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the thermal degradation products and properties of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA. 27694053 9 108 theme trypan 1461:1466 arg1 exclusion 1477:1485 trypan blue dye exclusion 1461:1485 trypan blue dye exclusion 1461:1485 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 27694053 5 109 theme A-loaded 1069:1076 arg1 HAp/Ch-PLGA 1078:1088 A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1069:1088 A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA 1069:1088 The loading efficiency, as indicated by the comparison of enthalpies of phase transitions in pure A and A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA, equaled 7.47wt. 27694053 10 110 theme A-loaded 1767:1774 arg1 particles 1788:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles 1757:1796 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 10 110 theme A-loaded 1767:1774 arg1 platforms 1839:1847 promising drug delivery platforms 1815:1847 promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies 1815:1878 In conclusion, composite A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA particles could be seen as promising drug delivery platforms for selective cancer therapies, targeting malignant cells for destruction, while having a significantly lesser cytotoxic effect on the healthy cells. 27694053 9 111 theme dye 1473:1475 arg1 exclusion 1477:1485 trypan blue dye exclusion 1461:1485 trypan blue dye exclusion 1461:1485 In vitro cytotoxicity testing of A-loaded HAp/Ch-PLGA using MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated that the particles were cytotoxic to the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line (46±2%), while simultaneously preserving high viability (83±3%) of regular MRC5 human lung fibroblasts and causing no harm to primary mouse lung fibroblasts. 25013228 16 0 theme = 1908:1908 arg1 T 1922:1922 T 1922:1922 T 1922:1922 The type strain is Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)). 25013228 16 0 theme = 1908:1908 arg1 100254 1915:1920 = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254 1893:1920 = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T) 1893:1923 The type strain is Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)). 25013228 16 0 theme = 1908:1908 arg1 Tp2 1884:1886 Tp2 1884:1886 Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)) 1884:1924 The type strain is Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)). 25013228 5 1 theme oxidase-negative 357:372 arg1 bacterium 299:307 The bacterium 295:307 The bacterium 295:307 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 5 1 theme oxidase-negative 357:372 arg1 coccus 349:354 a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus 312:354 a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus 312:354 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 8 2 theme % 997:997 arg1 value 984:988 a DNA-DNA relatedness value 962:988 a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal) 962:1016 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 2 3 dep pityocampa 203:212 arg1 Den 215:217 Den 215:217 Den 215:217 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 10 4 theme unknown 1330:1336 arg1 glycolipids 1338:1348 unknown glycolipids 1330:1348 unknown glycolipids 1330:1348 The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (major), phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. 25013228 8 5 theme reciprocal 1006:1015 arg1 % 997:997 11.9% 993:997 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal) 993:1016 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 8 5 theme reciprocal 1006:1015 arg1 % 1004:1004 20.2% reciprocal 1000:1015 20.2% reciprocal 1000:1015 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 9 6 theme base 1027:1030 arg1 % 1073:1073 69.5 mol% 1065:1073 69.5 mol% 1065:1073 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 9 6 theme base 1027:1030 arg1 composition 1032:1042 The DNA base composition 1019:1042 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) 1019:1059 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 5 7 theme non-spore-forming 408:424 arg1 bacterium 299:307 The bacterium 295:307 The bacterium 295:307 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 5 7 theme non-spore-forming 408:424 arg1 coccus 349:354 a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus 312:354 a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus 312:354 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 13 8 theme genus 1677:1681 arg1 Arthrobacter 1683:1694 the genus Arthrobacter 1673:1694 the genus Arthrobacter 1673:1694 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 12 9 theme L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Ala3 1495:1512 arg1 bridge 1527:1532 an L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Ala3 interpeptide bridge 1492:1532 an L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Ala3 interpeptide bridge 1492:1532 The peptidoglycan type was A3α with an L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Ala3 interpeptide bridge. 25013228 1 10 dep isolated 35:42 arg1 Thaumetopoeidae 80:94 Thaumetopoeidae 80:94 Thaumetopoeidae 80:94 nov., isolated from Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae). 25013228 6 11 theme biochemical 534:544 arg1 characterizations 546:562 morphological and biochemical characterizations 516:562 morphological and biochemical characterizations 516:562 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 7 12 theme strain 753:758 arg1 T 764:764 T 764:764 T 764:764 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 12 theme strain 753:758 arg1 Tp2 760:762 strain Tp2 753:762 strain Tp2(T) 753:765 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 13 theme agilis 794:799 arg1 strain 836:841 the closest known strain 818:841 the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 818:881 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 13 theme agilis 794:799 arg1 DSM 801:803 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550 781:809 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) 781:812 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 13 theme agilis 794:799 arg1 T 811:811 T 811:811 T 811:811 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 6 14 theme morphological 516:528 arg1 characterizations 546:562 morphological and biochemical characterizations 516:562 morphological and biochemical characterizations 516:562 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 9 15 theme Tp2 1054:1056 arg1 % 1073:1073 69.5 mol% 1065:1073 69.5 mol% 1065:1073 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 9 15 theme Tp2 1054:1056 arg1 composition 1032:1042 The DNA base composition 1019:1042 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) 1019:1059 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 2 16 theme moth 184:187 arg1 caterpillar 146:156 a caterpillar 144:156 a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den 144:217 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 2 17 theme pine 165:168 arg1 moth 184:187 the pine processionary moth 161:187 the pine processionary moth 161:187 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 2 17 theme pine 165:168 arg1 pityocampa 203:212 Thaumetopoea pityocampa 190:212 Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den 190:217 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 13 18 with species 1662:1668 arg1 names 1719:1723 validly published names 1701:1723 validly published names 1701:1723 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 5 19 theme Gram-stain-positive 314:332 arg1 bacterium 299:307 The bacterium 295:307 The bacterium 295:307 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 5 19 theme Gram-stain-positive 314:332 arg1 coccus 349:354 a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus 312:354 a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus 312:354 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 9 20 with consistent 1085:1094 arg1 members 1122:1128 the other recognized members 1101:1128 the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome 1101:1191 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 9 21 theme mol 1070:1072 arg1 % 1073:1073 69.5 mol% 1065:1073 69.5 mol% 1065:1073 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 9 21 theme mol 1070:1072 arg1 composition 1032:1042 The DNA base composition 1019:1042 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) 1019:1059 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 2 22 theme Thaumetopoea 190:201 arg1 moth 184:187 the pine processionary moth 161:187 the pine processionary moth 161:187 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 2 22 theme Thaumetopoea 190:201 arg1 pityocampa 203:212 Thaumetopoea pityocampa 190:212 Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den 190:217 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 7 23 theme gene 857:860 arg1 similarity 871:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 23 theme gene 857:860 arg1 strain 836:841 the closest known strain 818:841 the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 818:881 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 6 24 theme sequence 579:586 arg1 hybridization 606:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 24 theme sequence 579:586 arg1 analysis 588:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 24 theme sequence 579:586 arg1 analysis 637:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 8 25 theme A. 909:910 arg1 T 929:929 T 929:929 T 929:929 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 8 25 theme A. 909:910 arg1 20550 923:927 A. agilis DSM 20550 909:927 A. agilis DSM 20550(T) 909:930 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 7 26 theme 16S 848:850 arg1 similarity 871:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 26 theme 16S 848:850 arg1 strain 836:841 the closest known strain 818:841 the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 818:881 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 10 27 theme lipid 1204:1208 arg1 pattern 1210:1216 The polar lipid pattern 1194:1216 The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2(T) 1194:1233 The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (major), phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. 25013228 6 28 theme rRNA 569:572 arg1 hybridization 606:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 28 theme rRNA 569:572 arg1 analysis 588:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 28 theme rRNA 569:572 arg1 analysis 637:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 8 29 theme DSM 919:921 arg1 T 929:929 T 929:929 T 929:929 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 8 29 theme DSM 919:921 arg1 20550 923:927 A. agilis DSM 20550 909:927 A. agilis DSM 20550(T) 909:930 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 7 30 theme 98 844:845 arg1 % 846:846 % 846:846 % 846:846 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 6 31 theme fatty 659:663 arg1 profiles 670:677 comparative fatty acid profiles 647:677 comparative fatty acid profiles 647:677 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 13 32 theme related 1654:1660 arg1 species 1662:1668 closely related species 1646:1668 closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names 1646:1723 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 14 33 theme novel 1777:1781 arg1 species 1783:1789 a novel species 1775:1789 a novel species 1775:1789 Strain Tp2(T) is therefore proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, described as Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 25013228 10 34 theme Tp2 1228:1230 arg1 pattern 1210:1216 The polar lipid pattern 1194:1216 The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2(T) 1194:1233 The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (major), phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. 25013228 0 35 theme Arthrobacter 0:11 arg1 sp 25:26 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp 0:26 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 0:27 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 25013228 9 36 theme other 1105:1109 arg1 members 1122:1128 the other recognized members 1101:1128 the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome 1101:1191 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 7 37 theme closest 822:828 arg1 strain 836:841 the closest known strain 818:841 the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 818:881 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 37 theme closest 822:828 arg1 similarity 871:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 37 theme closest 822:828 arg1 DSM 801:803 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550 781:809 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) 781:812 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 6 38 theme content 629:635 arg1 analysis 637:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 38 theme content 629:635 arg1 analysis 588:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 7 39 theme rRNA 731:734 arg1 sequence 741:748 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 723:748 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) 723:765 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 8 40 theme strain 936:941 arg1 T 947:947 T 947:947 T 947:947 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 8 40 theme strain 936:941 arg1 Tp2 943:945 strain Tp2 936:945 strain Tp2(T) 936:948 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 13 41 theme distinct 1632:1639 arg1 T 1593:1593 T 1593:1593 T 1593:1593 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 13 41 theme distinct 1632:1639 arg1 Tp2 1589:1591 strain Tp2 1582:1591 strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names 1582:1723 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 14 42 theme Arthrobacter 1831:1842 arg1 sp 1856:1857 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp 1831:1857 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp 1831:1857 Strain Tp2(T) is therefore proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, described as Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 25013228 6 43 theme DNA 621:623 arg1 content 629:635 DNA G+C content 621:635 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 9 44 theme Actinobacteria 1133:1146 arg1 members 1122:1128 the other recognized members 1101:1128 the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome 1101:1191 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 4 45 theme pine 277:280 arg1 pest 289:292 a destructive pine forest pest 263:292 a destructive pine forest pest 263:292 (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), a destructive pine forest pest. 25013228 5 46 dep Gram-stain-positive 314:332 arg1 red-pigmented 335:347 red-pigmented 335:347 red-pigmented 335:347 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 14 47 theme Arthrobacter 1804:1815 arg1 species 1783:1789 a novel species 1775:1789 a novel species 1775:1789 Strain Tp2(T) is therefore proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, described as Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 25013228 11 48 theme fatty 1364:1368 arg1 acids 1370:1374 The cellular fatty acids 1351:1374 The cellular fatty acids 1351:1374 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso C15:0 and anteiso C17:0 and the major menaquinone was MK-9(II-H2). 25013228 11 48 theme fatty 1364:1368 arg1 C15:0 1389:1393 C15:0 1389:1393 C15:0 1389:1393 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso C15:0 and anteiso C17:0 and the major menaquinone was MK-9(II-H2). 25013228 9 49 theme high 1160:1163 arg1 content 1169:1175 a high G+C content 1158:1175 a high G+C content in their genome 1158:1191 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 13 50 from species 1662:1668 arg1 distinct 1632:1639 distinct 1632:1639 distinct 1632:1639 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 9 51 contain have 1153:1156 arg1 Actinobacteria 1133:1146 Actinobacteria 1133:1146 Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome 1133:1191 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 9 51 contain have 1153:1156 arg2 content 1169:1175 a high G+C content 1158:1175 a high G+C content in their genome 1158:1191 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 8 52 theme DNA-DNA 964:970 arg1 value 984:988 a DNA-DNA relatedness value 962:988 a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal) 962:1016 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 16 53 theme NCCB 1910:1913 arg1 T 1922:1922 T 1922:1922 T 1922:1922 The type strain is Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)). 25013228 16 53 theme NCCB 1910:1913 arg1 100254 1915:1920 = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254 1893:1920 = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T) 1893:1923 The type strain is Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)). 25013228 16 53 theme NCCB 1910:1913 arg1 Tp2 1884:1886 Tp2 1884:1886 Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)) 1884:1924 The type strain is Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)). 25013228 11 54 theme major 1421:1425 arg1 MK-9 1443:1446 MK-9 1443:1446 MK-9(II-H2) 1443:1453 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso C15:0 and anteiso C17:0 and the major menaquinone was MK-9(II-H2). 25013228 11 54 theme major 1421:1425 arg1 menaquinone 1427:1437 the major menaquinone 1417:1437 the major menaquinone 1417:1437 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso C15:0 and anteiso C17:0 and the major menaquinone was MK-9(II-H2). 25013228 6 55 theme taxonomic 460:468 arg1 study 470:474 a taxonomic study 458:474 a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids 458:720 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 13 56 theme strain 1582:1587 arg1 T 1593:1593 T 1593:1593 T 1593:1593 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 13 56 theme strain 1582:1587 arg1 Tp2 1589:1591 strain Tp2 1582:1591 strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names 1582:1723 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 7 57 theme Arthrobacter 781:792 arg1 strain 836:841 the closest known strain 818:841 the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 818:881 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 57 theme Arthrobacter 781:792 arg1 DSM 801:803 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550 781:809 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) 781:812 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 57 theme Arthrobacter 781:792 arg1 T 811:811 T 811:811 T 811:811 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 8 58 theme DNA-DNA 884:890 arg1 hybridization 892:904 DNA-DNA hybridization 884:904 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) 884:948 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 6 59 theme 16S 565:567 arg1 hybridization 606:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 59 theme 16S 565:567 arg1 analysis 588:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 59 theme 16S 565:567 arg1 analysis 637:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 9 60 theme DNA 1023:1025 arg1 % 1073:1073 69.5 mol% 1065:1073 69.5 mol% 1065:1073 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 9 60 theme DNA 1023:1025 arg1 composition 1032:1042 The DNA base composition 1019:1042 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) 1019:1059 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 12 61 theme interpeptide 1514:1525 arg1 bridge 1527:1532 an L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Ala3 interpeptide bridge 1492:1532 an L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Ala3 interpeptide bridge 1492:1532 The peptidoglycan type was A3α with an L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Ala3 interpeptide bridge. 25013228 6 62 theme lipids 715:720 arg1 analysis 588:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 62 theme lipids 715:720 arg1 characterizations 546:562 morphological and biochemical characterizations 516:562 morphological and biochemical characterizations 516:562 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 62 theme lipids 715:720 arg1 profiles 670:677 comparative fatty acid profiles 647:677 comparative fatty acid profiles 647:677 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 62 theme lipids 715:720 arg1 analysis 637:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 62 theme lipids 715:720 arg1 analyses 684:691 analyses 684:691 analyses of quinones and polar lipids 684:720 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 62 theme lipids 715:720 arg1 hybridization 606:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 11 63 theme cellular 1355:1362 arg1 acids 1370:1374 The cellular fatty acids 1351:1374 The cellular fatty acids 1351:1374 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso C15:0 and anteiso C17:0 and the major menaquinone was MK-9(II-H2). 25013228 11 63 theme cellular 1355:1362 arg1 C15:0 1389:1393 C15:0 1389:1393 C15:0 1389:1393 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso C15:0 and anteiso C17:0 and the major menaquinone was MK-9(II-H2). 25013228 9 64 theme strain 1047:1052 arg1 Tp2 1054:1056 strain Tp2 1047:1056 strain Tp2(T) 1047:1059 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 9 64 theme strain 1047:1052 arg1 T 1058:1058 T 1058:1058 T 1058:1058 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 7 65 theme Tp2 760:762 arg1 sequence 741:748 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 723:748 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) 723:765 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 2 66 theme processionary 170:182 arg1 moth 184:187 the pine processionary moth 161:187 the pine processionary moth 161:187 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 2 66 theme processionary 170:182 arg1 pityocampa 203:212 Thaumetopoea pityocampa 190:212 Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den 190:217 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 12 67 theme peptidoglycan 1460:1472 arg1 type 1474:1477 The peptidoglycan type 1456:1477 The peptidoglycan type 1456:1477 The peptidoglycan type was A3α with an L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Ala3 interpeptide bridge. 25013228 6 68 theme DNA-DNA 598:604 arg1 analysis 588:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 68 theme DNA-DNA 598:604 arg1 hybridization 606:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 13 69 theme Arthrobacter 1683:1694 arg1 species 1662:1668 closely related species 1646:1668 closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names 1646:1723 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 13 70 theme above-mentioned 1539:1553 arg1 characterization 1555:1570 The above-mentioned characterization 1535:1570 The above-mentioned characterization 1535:1570 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 8 71 theme agilis 912:917 arg1 T 929:929 T 929:929 T 929:929 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 8 71 theme agilis 912:917 arg1 20550 923:927 A. agilis DSM 20550 909:927 A. agilis DSM 20550(T) 909:930 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 7 72 theme sequence 862:869 arg1 similarity 871:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 72 theme sequence 862:869 arg1 strain 836:841 the closest known strain 818:841 the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 818:881 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 6 73 theme gene 574:577 arg1 hybridization 606:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 73 theme gene 574:577 arg1 analysis 588:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 73 theme gene 574:577 arg1 analysis 637:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 8 74 theme 20550 923:927 arg1 hybridization 892:904 DNA-DNA hybridization 884:904 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) 884:948 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 7 75 theme rRNA 852:855 arg1 similarity 871:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 75 theme rRNA 852:855 arg1 strain 836:841 the closest known strain 818:841 the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 818:881 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 1 76 theme Thaumetopoea 49:60 arg1 pityocampa 62:71 Thaumetopoea pityocampa 49:71 Thaumetopoea pityocampa 49:71 nov., isolated from Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae). 25013228 10 77 theme polar 1198:1202 arg1 pattern 1210:1216 The polar lipid pattern 1194:1216 The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2(T) 1194:1233 The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (major), phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. 25013228 6 78 theme acid 665:668 arg1 profiles 670:677 comparative fatty acid profiles 647:677 comparative fatty acid profiles 647:677 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 10 79 dep diphosphatidylglycerol 1248:1269 arg1 major 1272:1276 major 1272:1276 major 1272:1276 The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (major), phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. 25013228 7 80 theme % 846:846 arg1 similarity 871:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 80 theme % 846:846 arg1 strain 836:841 the closest known strain 818:841 the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 818:881 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 16 81 theme type 1869:1872 arg1 strain 1874:1879 The type strain 1865:1879 The type strain 1865:1879 The type strain is Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)). 25013228 16 81 theme type 1869:1872 arg1 Tp2 1884:1886 Tp2 1884:1886 Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)) 1884:1924 The type strain is Tp2(T) ( = DSM 21719(T) = NCCB 100254(T)). 25013228 6 82 theme comparative 647:657 arg1 profiles 670:677 comparative fatty acid profiles 647:677 comparative fatty acid profiles 647:677 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 0 83 theme pityocampae 13:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp 0:26 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 0:27 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 25013228 10 84 theme strain 1221:1226 arg1 Tp2 1228:1230 strain Tp2 1221:1230 strain Tp2(T) 1221:1233 The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (major), phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. 25013228 10 84 theme strain 1221:1226 arg1 T 1232:1232 T 1232:1232 T 1232:1232 The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (major), phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. 25013228 4 85 dep pest 289:292 arg1 Lepidoptera 232:242 Lepidoptera 232:242 Lepidoptera 232:242 (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), a destructive pine forest pest. 25013228 9 86 theme recognized 1111:1120 arg1 members 1122:1128 the other recognized members 1101:1128 the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome 1101:1191 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 8 87 theme Tp2 943:945 arg1 hybridization 892:904 DNA-DNA hybridization 884:904 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) 884:948 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 7 88 theme known 830:834 arg1 strain 836:841 the closest known strain 818:841 the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 818:881 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 88 theme known 830:834 arg1 similarity 871:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 844:880 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 7 88 theme known 830:834 arg1 DSM 801:803 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550 781:809 Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) 781:812 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 2 89 attach isolated 130:137 arg1 caterpillar 146:156 a caterpillar 144:156 a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den 144:217 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 2 89 attach isolated 130:137 arg2 bacterium 100:108 A bacterium 98:108 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) 98:124 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 4 90 dep Lepidoptera 232:242 arg1 Thaumetopoeidae 245:259 Thaumetopoeidae 245:259 Thaumetopoeidae 245:259 (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), a destructive pine forest pest. 25013228 14 91 theme pityocampae 1844:1854 arg1 sp 1856:1857 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp 1831:1857 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp 1831:1857 Strain Tp2(T) is therefore proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, described as Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 25013228 6 92 theme G+C 625:627 arg1 content 629:635 DNA G+C content 621:635 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 7 93 theme gene 736:739 arg1 sequence 741:748 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 723:748 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) 723:765 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 2 94 dep bacterium 100:108 arg1 T 122:122 T 122:122 T 122:122 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 2 94 dep bacterium 100:108 arg1 Tp2 118:120 strain Tp2 111:120 strain Tp2(T) 111:123 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 13 95 theme published 1709:1717 arg1 names 1719:1723 validly published names 1701:1723 validly published names 1701:1723 The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2(T) as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. 25013228 6 96 theme polar 709:713 arg1 lipids 715:720 polar lipids 709:720 polar lipids 709:720 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 7 97 theme 16S 727:729 arg1 rRNA 731:734 The 16S rRNA 723:734 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) 723:765 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2(T) revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550(T) was the closest known strain (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25013228 9 98 from content 1169:1175 arg1 genome 1186:1191 their genome 1180:1191 their genome 1180:1191 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 4 99 theme destructive 265:275 arg1 pest 289:292 a destructive pine forest pest 263:292 a destructive pine forest pest 263:292 (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), a destructive pine forest pest. 25013228 6 100 theme Strain 427:432 arg1 T 438:438 T 438:438 T 438:438 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 100 theme Strain 427:432 arg1 Tp2 434:436 Strain Tp2 427:436 Strain Tp2(T) 427:439 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 101 theme quinones 696:703 arg1 analysis 588:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 565:595 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 101 theme quinones 696:703 arg1 characterizations 546:562 morphological and biochemical characterizations 516:562 morphological and biochemical characterizations 516:562 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 101 theme quinones 696:703 arg1 profiles 670:677 comparative fatty acid profiles 647:677 comparative fatty acid profiles 647:677 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 101 theme quinones 696:703 arg1 analysis 637:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 DNA G+C content analysis 621:644 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 101 theme quinones 696:703 arg1 analyses 684:691 analyses 684:691 analyses of quinones and polar lipids 684:720 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 6 101 theme quinones 696:703 arg1 hybridization 606:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 DNA-DNA hybridization 598:618 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 5 102 theme nitrate-reducing 375:390 arg1 bacterium 299:307 The bacterium 295:307 The bacterium 295:307 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 5 102 theme nitrate-reducing 375:390 arg1 coccus 349:354 a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus 312:354 a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus 312:354 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 4 103 theme forest 282:287 arg1 pest 289:292 a destructive pine forest pest 263:292 a destructive pine forest pest 263:292 (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), a destructive pine forest pest. 25013228 14 104 theme genus 1798:1802 arg1 Arthrobacter 1804:1815 the genus Arthrobacter 1794:1815 the genus Arthrobacter 1794:1815 Strain Tp2(T) is therefore proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, described as Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 25013228 5 105 theme non-motile 393:402 arg1 bacterium 299:307 The bacterium 295:307 The bacterium 295:307 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 5 105 theme non-motile 393:402 arg1 coccus 349:354 a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus 312:354 a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus 312:354 The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. 25013228 9 106 theme G+C 1165:1167 arg1 content 1169:1175 a high G+C content 1158:1175 a high G+C content in their genome 1158:1191 The DNA base composition of strain Tp2(T) was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. 25013228 8 107 theme relatedness 972:982 arg1 value 984:988 a DNA-DNA relatedness value 962:988 a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal) 962:1016 DNA-DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550(T) and strain Tp2(T) resulted in a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 11.9% (20.2% reciprocal). 25013228 14 108 theme Strain 1726:1731 arg1 Tp2 1733:1735 Strain Tp2 1726:1735 Strain Tp2(T) 1726:1738 Strain Tp2(T) is therefore proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, described as Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 25013228 14 108 theme Strain 1726:1731 arg1 T 1737:1737 T 1737:1737 T 1737:1737 Strain Tp2(T) is therefore proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, described as Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. 25013228 6 109 theme polyphasic 482:491 arg1 approach 493:500 polyphasic approach 482:500 polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids 482:720 Strain Tp2(T) was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. 25013228 2 110 theme strain 111:116 arg1 T 122:122 T 122:122 T 122:122 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 25013228 2 110 theme strain 111:116 arg1 Tp2 118:120 strain Tp2 111:120 strain Tp2(T) 111:123 A bacterium (strain Tp2(T)) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. 26358117 9 0 theme 62.8 mol 894:901 arg1 content 871:877 The G+C content 863:877 The G+C content of the DNA 863:888 The G+C content of the DNA was 62.8 mol%. 26358117 9 0 theme 62.8 mol 894:901 arg1 % 902:902 62.8 mol% 894:902 62.8 mol% 894:902 The G+C content of the DNA was 62.8 mol%. 26358117 3 1 theme aerobic 181:187 arg1 cocci 265:269 aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci 181:269 aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci 181:269 Cells were aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci. 26358117 4 2 theme sequences 300:308 arg1 Comparison 272:281 Comparison 272:281 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences 272:308 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 10 3 theme type 1069:1072 arg1 strain 1074:1079 the type strain 1065:1079 the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp 1065:1196 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 4 dep data 954:957 arg1 the 908:910 the 908:910 the 908:910 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 4 dep data 954:957 arg1 basis 912:916 basis 912:916 basis 912:916 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 8 5 theme fatty 809:813 arg1 acids 815:819 The major fatty acids 799:819 The major fatty acids 799:819 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. 26358117 8 5 theme fatty 809:813 arg1 iso-C16  826:833 iso-C16  826:833 iso-C16  826:833 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. 26358117 4 6 theme suborder 480:487 arg1 members 464:470 members 464:470 members of this suborder 464:487 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 10 7 theme morphological 921:933 arg1 data 954:957 morphological and chemotaxonomic data 921:957 morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence 921:990 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 8 theme gen. 1184:1187 arg1 nov. 1189:1192 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 1162:1192 the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 1153:1192 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 4 9 theme % 459:459 arg1 values 434:439 sequence similarity values 414:439 sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder 414:487 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 5 10 theme diagnostic 494:503 arg1 acid 573:576 meso-diaminopimelic acid 553:576 meso-diaminopimelic acid 553:576 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26358117 5 10 theme diagnostic 494:503 arg1 acid 513:516 The diagnostic diamino acid 490:516 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 490:547 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26358117 10 11 dep sp 1195:1196 arg1 name 1157:1160 the name 1153:1160 the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 1153:1192 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 3 12 theme oxidase-negative 214:229 arg1 cocci 265:269 aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci 181:269 aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci 181:269 Cells were aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci. 26358117 4 13 theme suborder 388:395 arg1 Frankineae 397:406 the suborder Frankineae 384:406 the suborder Frankineae 384:406 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 10 14 from species 1092:1098 arg1 Frankineae 1131:1140 the suborder Frankineae 1118:1140 the suborder Frankineae 1118:1140 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 4 15 theme distinct 346:353 arg1 position 368:375 a distinct phylogenetic position 344:375 a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae 344:406 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 4 16 theme 16S 286:288 arg1 sequences 300:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 4 17 used occupied 335:342 arg2 organism 326:333 the organism 322:333 the organism 322:333 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 0 18 theme suffuscus 12:20 arg1 nov. 27:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 0:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 0:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 2 19 theme strain 109:114 arg1 C4-31T 116:121 strain C4-31T 109:121 strain C4-31T 109:121 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain C4-31T, was isolated from soil collected from a cave. 26358117 3 20 theme Gram-reaction-positive 190:211 arg1 cocci 265:269 aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci 181:269 aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci 181:269 Cells were aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci. 26358117 5 21 theme meso-diaminopimelic 553:571 arg1 acid 573:576 meso-diaminopimelic acid 553:576 meso-diaminopimelic acid 553:576 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26358117 5 21 theme meso-diaminopimelic 553:571 arg1 acid 513:516 The diagnostic diamino acid 490:516 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 490:547 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26358117 1 22 theme natural 59:65 arg1 cave 67:70 a natural cave 57:70 a natural cave 57:70 nov., isolated from a natural cave. 26358117 10 23 from Frankineae 1131:1140 arg1 species 1092:1098 a novel species 1084:1098 a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp 1084:1196 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 0 24 theme Antricoccus 0:10 arg1 nov. 27:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 0:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 0:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 25 theme novel 1086:1090 arg1 species 1092:1098 a novel species 1084:1098 a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp 1084:1196 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 6 26 theme major 583:587 arg1 MK-9 605:608 MK-9 605:608 MK-9(H4) 605:612 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26358117 6 26 theme major 583:587 arg1 menaquinone 589:599 The major menaquinone 579:599 The major menaquinone 579:599 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26358117 3 27 theme non-motile 254:263 arg1 cocci 265:269 aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci 181:269 aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci 181:269 Cells were aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci. 26358117 4 28 theme phylogenetic 355:366 arg1 position 368:375 a distinct phylogenetic position 344:375 a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae 344:406 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 10 29 dep name 1157:1160 arg1 nov. 1189:1192 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 1162:1192 the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 1153:1192 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 0 30 theme gen. 22:25 arg1 nov. 27:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 0:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 0:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 31 from genus 1109:1113 arg1 Frankineae 1131:1140 the suborder Frankineae 1118:1140 the suborder Frankineae 1118:1140 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 32 theme strain 993:998 arg1 100065T 1029:1035  = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T 1008:1035  = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T 1008:1035 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 32 theme strain 993:998 arg1 C4-31T 1000:1005 strain C4-31T 993:1005 strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) 993:1036 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 3 33 theme catalase-positive 232:248 arg1 cocci 265:269 aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci 181:269 aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci 181:269 Cells were aerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile cocci. 26358117 7 34 theme phosphatidylinositol 709:728 arg1 mannoside 730:738 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 709:738 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 709:738 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. 26358117 10 35 theme chemotaxonomic 939:952 arg1 data 954:957 morphological and chemotaxonomic data 921:957 morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence 921:990 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 2 36 attach isolated 128:135 arg1 soil 142:145 soil 142:145 soil collected from a cave 142:167 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain C4-31T, was isolated from soil collected from a cave. 26358117 2 36 attach isolated 128:135 arg2 actinobacterium 81:95 A novel actinobacterium 73:95 A novel actinobacterium 73:95 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain C4-31T, was isolated from soil collected from a cave. 26358117 10 37 theme new 1105:1107 arg1 genus 1109:1113 a new genus 1103:1113 a new genus 1103:1113 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 9 38 theme G+C 867:869 arg1 content 871:877 The G+C content 863:877 The G+C content of the DNA 863:888 The G+C content of the DNA was 62.8 mol%. 26358117 9 38 theme G+C 867:869 arg1 % 902:902 62.8 mol% 894:902 62.8 mol% 894:902 The G+C content of the DNA was 62.8 mol%. 26358117 10 39 theme phylogenetic 970:981 arg1 evidence 983:990 phylogenetic evidence 970:990 morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence 921:990 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 0 40 dep sp 33:34 arg1 nov. 27:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 0:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 0:30 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 2 41 theme novel 75:79 arg1 actinobacterium 81:95 A novel actinobacterium 73:95 A novel actinobacterium 73:95 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain C4-31T, was isolated from soil collected from a cave. 26358117 8 42 dep iso-C16  826:833 arg1 C17  839:842 C17  839:842 C17  839:842 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. 26358117 8 42 dep iso-C16  826:833 arg1  0 835:836  0 835:836  0 835:836 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. 26358117 10 43 theme 39556T = DSM 1016:1027 arg1 100065T 1029:1035  = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T 1008:1035  = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T 1008:1035 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 43 theme 39556T = DSM 1016:1027 arg1 C4-31T 1000:1005 strain C4-31T 993:1005 strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) 993:1036 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 5 44 theme cell-wall 525:533 arg1 peptidoglycan 535:547 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 521:547 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 521:547 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26358117 10 45 theme suffuscus 1174:1182 arg1 nov. 1189:1192 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 1162:1192 the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 1153:1192 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 46 theme species 1092:1098 arg1 strain 1074:1079 the type strain 1065:1079 the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp 1065:1196 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 47 theme  = KCTC 1008:1014 arg1 100065T 1029:1035  = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T 1008:1035  = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T 1008:1035 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 47 theme  = KCTC 1008:1014 arg1 C4-31T 1000:1005 strain C4-31T 993:1005 strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) 993:1036 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 10 48 theme Antricoccus 1162:1172 arg1 nov. 1189:1192 Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 1162:1192 the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov. 1153:1192 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 8 49 dep  0 835:836 arg1  1ω6c 844:848  1ω6c 844:848  1ω6c 844:848 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. 26358117 8 49 dep  0 835:836 arg1  0 859:860  0 859:860  0 859:860 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. 26358117 8 49 dep  0 835:836 arg1 C16  854:857 C16  854:857 C16  854:857 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. 26358117 10 50 theme suborder 1122:1129 arg1 Frankineae 1131:1140 the suborder Frankineae 1118:1140 the suborder Frankineae 1118:1140 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26358117 4 51 theme similarity 423:432 arg1 values 434:439 sequence similarity values 414:439 sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder 414:487 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 4 52 theme gene 295:298 arg1 sequences 300:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 7 53 theme unknown 777:783 arg1 phospholipid 785:796 an unknown phospholipid 774:796 an unknown phospholipid 774:796 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. 26358117 9 54 theme DNA 886:888 arg1 content 871:877 The G+C content 863:877 The G+C content of the DNA 863:888 The G+C content of the DNA was 62.8 mol%. 26358117 9 54 theme DNA 886:888 arg1 % 902:902 62.8 mol% 894:902 62.8 mol% 894:902 The G+C content of the DNA was 62.8 mol%. 26358117 4 55 theme sequence 414:421 arg1 similarity 423:432 sequence similarity 414:432 sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder 414:487 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 4 56 theme rRNA 290:293 arg1 sequences 300:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 16S rRNA gene sequences 286:308 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism occupied a distinct phylogenetic position within the suborder Frankineae, with sequence similarity values of less than 93.2 % to members of this suborder. 26358117 5 57 from acid 513:516 arg1 peptidoglycan 535:547 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 521:547 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 521:547 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26358117 8 58 theme major 803:807 arg1 acids 815:819 The major fatty acids 799:819 The major fatty acids 799:819 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. 26358117 8 58 theme major 803:807 arg1 iso-C16  826:833 iso-C16  826:833 iso-C16  826:833 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. 26358117 7 59 theme polar 619:623 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 637:658 diphosphatidylglycerol 637:658 diphosphatidylglycerol 637:658 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. 26358117 7 59 theme polar 619:623 arg1 lipids 625:630 The polar lipids 615:630 The polar lipids 615:630 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. 26358117 5 60 theme diamino 505:511 arg1 acid 573:576 meso-diaminopimelic acid 553:576 meso-diaminopimelic acid 553:576 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26358117 5 60 theme diamino 505:511 arg1 acid 513:516 The diagnostic diamino acid 490:516 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 490:547 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26358117 10 61 theme genus 1109:1113 arg1 species 1092:1098 a novel species 1084:1098 a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp 1084:1196 On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic data as well as phylogenetic evidence, strain C4-31T ( = KCTC 39556T = DSM 100065T) is considered to represent the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the suborder Frankineae, for which the name Antricoccus suffuscus gen. nov., sp. 26109134 5 0 theme abundant 1112:1119 arg1 module 1091:1096 carbohydrate-binding module 2 1070:1098 carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil 1070:1127 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 0 theme abundant 1112:1119 arg1 families 1016:1023 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 3 1 theme microbial 751:759 arg1 biomass 761:767 their microbial biomass 745:767 their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass 682:767 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 1 2 theme frequent 157:164 arg1 practice 179:186 a frequent agricultural practice 155:186 a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil 155:228 Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil, and relies heavily on the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms. 26109134 1 2 theme frequent 157:164 arg1 Incorporation 122:134 Incorporation 122:134 Incorporation of plant litter 122:150 Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil, and relies heavily on the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms. 26109134 6 3 theme Bacteroidetes 1209:1221 arg1 phyla 1165:1169 the phyla 1161:1169 the phyla of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes 1161:1221 These were annotated mainly to the phyla of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 26109134 7 4 theme cellulolytic 1271:1282 arg1 activity 1284:1291 the observed higher cellulolytic activity 1251:1291 the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils 1251:1303 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 26109134 4 5 theme eukaryotic 915:924 arg1 phyla 926:930 eukaryotic phyla 915:930 eukaryotic phyla 915:930 Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic data revealed few differences between RT and CT, and a dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas eukaryotic phyla were not prevalent. 26109134 1 6 theme agricultural 166:177 arg1 practice 179:186 a frequent agricultural practice 155:186 a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil 155:228 Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil, and relies heavily on the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms. 26109134 1 6 theme agricultural 166:177 arg1 Incorporation 122:134 Incorporation 122:134 Incorporation of plant litter 122:150 Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil, and relies heavily on the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms. 26109134 0 7 theme tillage 102:108 arg1 treatments 110:119 different tillage treatments 92:119 different tillage treatments 92:119 Metagenomic analyses reveal no differences in genes involved in cellulose degradation under different tillage treatments. 26109134 7 8 theme soil 1406:1409 arg1 microbiome 1411:1420 the soil microbiome 1402:1420 the soil microbiome 1402:1420 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 26109134 3 9 theme conventional 596:607 arg1 samples 655:661 conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples 596:661 conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples 596:661 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 0 10 theme different 92:100 arg1 treatments 110:119 different tillage treatments 92:119 different tillage treatments 92:119 Metagenomic analyses reveal no differences in genes involved in cellulose degradation under different tillage treatments. 26109134 4 11 theme few 818:820 arg1 differences 822:832 few differences 818:832 few differences between RT and CT 818:850 Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic data revealed few differences between RT and CT, and a dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas eukaryotic phyla were not prevalent. 26109134 2 12 theme soil 377:380 arg1 communities 392:402 soil microbial communities 377:402 soil microbial communities 377:402 Here we address the question of how different tillage treatments affect soil microbial communities and their cellulose-degrading potential in a long-term agricultural experiment. 26109134 7 13 from shifts 1392:1397 arg1 microbiome 1411:1420 the soil microbiome 1402:1420 the soil microbiome 1402:1420 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 26109134 1 14 theme cellulose-degrading 269:287 arg1 microorganisms 289:302 cellulose-degrading microorganisms 269:302 cellulose-degrading microorganisms 269:302 Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil, and relies heavily on the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms. 26109134 6 15 theme Proteobacteria 1174:1187 arg1 phyla 1165:1169 the phyla 1161:1169 the phyla of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes 1161:1221 These were annotated mainly to the phyla of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 26109134 4 16 theme Actinobacteria 891:904 arg1 dominance 859:867 a dominance 857:867 a dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria 857:904 Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic data revealed few differences between RT and CT, and a dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas eukaryotic phyla were not prevalent. 26109134 3 17 theme microbial 521:529 arg1 taxonomy 531:538 microbial taxonomy 521:538 microbial taxonomy 521:538 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 5 18 from soil 1124:1127 arg1 abundant 1112:1119 abundant 1112:1119 abundant 1112:1119 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 7 19 theme expression 1363:1372 arg1 levels 1374:1379 changed expression levels 1355:1379 changed expression levels 1355:1379 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 26109134 5 20 theme hydrolase 1006:1014 arg1 family 1057:1062 auxiliary activity family 8 1038:1064 auxiliary activity family 8 1038:1064 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 20 theme hydrolase 1006:1014 arg1 module 1091:1096 carbohydrate-binding module 2 1070:1098 carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil 1070:1127 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 20 theme hydrolase 1006:1014 arg1 families 1016:1023 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 2 21 theme cellulose-degrading 414:432 arg1 potential 434:442 their cellulose-degrading potential 408:442 their cellulose-degrading potential 408:442 Here we address the question of how different tillage treatments affect soil microbial communities and their cellulose-degrading potential in a long-term agricultural experiment. 26109134 0 22 from differences 31:41 arg1 genes 46:50 genes 46:50 genes involved in cellulose degradation under different tillage treatments 46:119 Metagenomic analyses reveal no differences in genes involved in cellulose degradation under different tillage treatments. 26109134 4 23 theme metagenomic 792:802 arg1 data 804:807 metagenomic data 792:807 metagenomic data 792:807 Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic data revealed few differences between RT and CT, and a dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas eukaryotic phyla were not prevalent. 26109134 0 24 theme Metagenomic 0:10 arg1 analyses 12:19 Metagenomic analyses 0:19 Metagenomic analyses 0:19 Metagenomic analyses reveal no differences in genes involved in cellulose degradation under different tillage treatments. 26109134 1 25 theme microorganisms 289:302 arg1 activity 257:264 the activity 253:264 the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms 253:302 Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil, and relies heavily on the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms. 26109134 4 26 theme Taxonomic 770:778 arg1 analysis 780:787 Taxonomic analysis 770:787 Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic data 770:807 Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic data revealed few differences between RT and CT, and a dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas eukaryotic phyla were not prevalent. 26109134 3 27 theme reduced 618:624 arg1 samples 655:661 conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples 596:661 conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples 596:661 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 1 28 theme nutrient 200:207 arg1 availability 209:220 nutrient availability 200:220 nutrient availability 200:220 Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil, and relies heavily on the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms. 26109134 8 29 theme investigated 1539:1550 arg1 treatments 1560:1569 the investigated tillage treatments 1535:1569 the investigated tillage treatments 1535:1569 Overall, this study reveals the stability of soil microbial communities and cellulolytic gene composition under the investigated tillage treatments. 26109134 8 30 theme microbial 1473:1481 arg1 communities 1483:1493 soil microbial communities 1468:1493 soil microbial communities 1468:1493 Overall, this study reveals the stability of soil microbial communities and cellulolytic gene composition under the investigated tillage treatments. 26109134 8 31 theme cellulolytic 1499:1510 arg1 composition 1517:1527 cellulolytic gene composition 1499:1527 cellulolytic gene composition 1499:1527 Overall, this study reveals the stability of soil microbial communities and cellulolytic gene composition under the investigated tillage treatments. 26109134 5 32 theme glycoside 996:1004 arg1 family 1057:1062 auxiliary activity family 8 1038:1064 auxiliary activity family 8 1038:1064 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 32 theme glycoside 996:1004 arg1 module 1091:1096 carbohydrate-binding module 2 1070:1098 carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil 1070:1127 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 32 theme glycoside 996:1004 arg1 families 1016:1023 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 33 dep families 1016:1023 arg1 1 1025:1025 1 1025:1025 1 1025:1025 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 33 dep families 1016:1023 arg1 94 1034:1035 94 1034:1035 94 1034:1035 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 33 dep families 1016:1023 arg1 3 1028:1028 3 1028:1028 3 1028:1028 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 2 34 theme agricultural 459:470 arg1 experiment 472:481 a long-term agricultural experiment 447:481 a long-term agricultural experiment 447:481 Here we address the question of how different tillage treatments affect soil microbial communities and their cellulose-degrading potential in a long-term agricultural experiment. 26109134 3 35 theme soil 576:579 arg1 metagenomes 581:591 six soil metagenomes 572:591 six soil metagenomes 572:591 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 3 36 dep conventional 596:607 arg1 RT 627:628 RT 627:628 RT 627:628 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 3 36 dep conventional 596:607 arg1 CT 610:611 CT 610:611 CT 610:611 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 4 37 theme data 804:807 arg1 analysis 780:787 Taxonomic analysis 770:787 Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic data 770:807 Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic data revealed few differences between RT and CT, and a dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas eukaryotic phyla were not prevalent. 26109134 2 38 theme long-term 449:457 arg1 experiment 472:481 a long-term agricultural experiment 447:481 a long-term agricultural experiment 447:481 Here we address the question of how different tillage treatments affect soil microbial communities and their cellulose-degrading potential in a long-term agricultural experiment. 26109134 5 39 theme enzymes 979:985 arg1 Prediction 952:961 Prediction 952:961 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes 952:985 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 3 40 theme potential 688:696 arg1 activity 725:732 their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity 682:732 their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass 682:767 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 3 41 theme potential 496:504 arg1 differences 506:516 potential differences 496:516 potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality 496:556 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 8 42 theme gene 1512:1515 arg1 composition 1517:1527 cellulolytic gene composition 1499:1527 cellulolytic gene composition 1499:1527 Overall, this study reveals the stability of soil microbial communities and cellulolytic gene composition under the investigated tillage treatments. 26109134 3 43 theme tillage-treated 631:645 arg1 samples 655:661 conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples 596:661 conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples 596:661 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 7 44 theme observed 1255:1262 arg1 activity 1284:1291 the observed higher cellulolytic activity 1251:1291 the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils 1251:1303 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 26109134 7 45 theme RT 1296:1297 arg1 soils 1299:1303 RT soils 1296:1303 RT soils 1296:1303 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 26109134 4 46 theme Proteobacteria 872:885 arg1 dominance 859:867 a dominance 857:867 a dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria 857:904 Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic data revealed few differences between RT and CT, and a dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas eukaryotic phyla were not prevalent. 26109134 3 47 from differences 506:516 arg1 functionality 544:556 functionality 544:556 functionality 544:556 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 3 47 from differences 506:516 arg1 taxonomy 531:538 microbial taxonomy 521:538 microbial taxonomy 521:538 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 5 48 theme cellulolytic 966:977 arg1 enzymes 979:985 cellulolytic enzymes 966:985 cellulolytic enzymes 966:985 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 7 49 theme higher 1327:1332 arg1 biomass 1344:1350 a higher microbial biomass 1325:1350 a higher microbial biomass 1325:1350 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 26109134 2 50 theme tillage 351:357 arg1 treatments 359:368 different tillage treatments 341:368 different tillage treatments 341:368 Here we address the question of how different tillage treatments affect soil microbial communities and their cellulose-degrading potential in a long-term agricultural experiment. 26109134 8 51 theme communities 1483:1493 arg1 composition 1517:1527 cellulolytic gene composition 1499:1527 cellulolytic gene composition 1499:1527 Overall, this study reveals the stability of soil microbial communities and cellulolytic gene composition under the investigated tillage treatments. 26109134 8 51 theme communities 1483:1493 arg1 stability 1455:1463 the stability 1451:1463 the stability of soil microbial communities 1451:1493 Overall, this study reveals the stability of soil microbial communities and cellulolytic gene composition under the investigated tillage treatments. 26109134 8 52 theme soil 1468:1471 arg1 communities 1483:1493 soil microbial communities 1468:1493 soil microbial communities 1468:1493 Overall, this study reveals the stability of soil microbial communities and cellulolytic gene composition under the investigated tillage treatments. 26109134 7 53 from activity 1284:1291 arg1 soils 1299:1303 RT soils 1296:1303 RT soils 1296:1303 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 26109134 5 54 theme auxiliary 1038:1046 arg1 family 1057:1062 auxiliary activity family 8 1038:1064 auxiliary activity family 8 1038:1064 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 54 theme auxiliary 1038:1046 arg1 families 1016:1023 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 55 theme carbohydrate-binding 1070:1089 arg1 module 1091:1096 carbohydrate-binding module 2 1070:1098 carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil 1070:1127 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 55 theme carbohydrate-binding 1070:1089 arg1 families 1016:1023 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 1 56 theme plant 139:143 arg1 litter 145:150 plant litter 139:150 plant litter 139:150 Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil, and relies heavily on the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms. 26109134 6 57 theme Actinobacteria 1190:1203 arg1 phyla 1165:1169 the phyla 1161:1169 the phyla of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes 1161:1221 These were annotated mainly to the phyla of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 26109134 3 58 theme extracellular 698:710 arg1 activity 725:732 their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity 682:732 their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass 682:767 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 5 59 theme activity 1048:1055 arg1 family 1057:1062 auxiliary activity family 8 1038:1064 auxiliary activity family 8 1038:1064 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 5 59 theme activity 1048:1055 arg1 families 1016:1023 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94 996:1035 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 8 60 theme tillage 1552:1558 arg1 treatments 1560:1569 the investigated tillage treatments 1535:1569 the investigated tillage treatments 1535:1569 Overall, this study reveals the stability of soil microbial communities and cellulolytic gene composition under the investigated tillage treatments. 26109134 1 61 theme litter 145:150 arg1 Incorporation 122:134 Incorporation 122:134 Incorporation of plant litter 122:150 Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil, and relies heavily on the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms. 26109134 1 61 theme litter 145:150 arg1 practice 179:186 a frequent agricultural practice 155:186 a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil 155:228 Incorporation of plant litter is a frequent agricultural practice to increase nutrient availability in soil, and relies heavily on the activity of cellulose-degrading microorganisms. 26109134 2 62 theme different 341:349 arg1 treatments 359:368 different tillage treatments 341:368 different tillage treatments 341:368 Here we address the question of how different tillage treatments affect soil microbial communities and their cellulose-degrading potential in a long-term agricultural experiment. 26109134 0 63 theme cellulose 64:72 arg1 degradation 74:84 cellulose degradation 64:84 cellulose degradation under different tillage treatments 64:119 Metagenomic analyses reveal no differences in genes involved in cellulose degradation under different tillage treatments. 26109134 3 64 theme cellulolytic 712:723 arg1 activity 725:732 their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity 682:732 their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass 682:767 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 3 65 theme topsoil 647:653 arg1 samples 655:661 conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples 596:661 conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples 596:661 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 7 66 theme changed 1355:1361 arg1 levels 1374:1379 changed expression levels 1355:1379 changed expression levels 1355:1379 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 26109134 5 67 from abundant 1112:1119 arg1 soil 1124:1127 soil 1124:1127 soil 1124:1127 Prediction of cellulolytic enzymes revealed glycoside hydrolase families 1, 3 and 94, auxiliary activity family 8 and carbohydrate-binding module 2 as the most abundant in soil. 26109134 3 68 theme samples 655:661 arg1 metagenomes 581:591 six soil metagenomes 572:591 six soil metagenomes 572:591 To identify potential differences in microbial taxonomy and functionality, we generated six soil metagenomes of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage-treated topsoil samples, which differed in their potential extracellular cellulolytic activity as well as their microbial biomass. 26109134 2 69 theme microbial 382:390 arg1 communities 392:402 soil microbial communities 377:402 soil microbial communities 377:402 Here we address the question of how different tillage treatments affect soil microbial communities and their cellulose-degrading potential in a long-term agricultural experiment. 26109134 7 70 theme microbial 1334:1342 arg1 biomass 1344:1350 a higher microbial biomass 1325:1350 a higher microbial biomass 1325:1350 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 26109134 7 71 theme higher 1264:1269 arg1 activity 1284:1291 the observed higher cellulolytic activity 1251:1291 the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils 1251:1303 These results suggest that the observed higher cellulolytic activity in RT soils can be explained by a higher microbial biomass or changed expression levels but not by shifts in the soil microbiome. 25575826 9 0 theme predominant 855:865 arg1 quinone 878:884 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 851:884 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 851:884 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (92%). 25575826 9 0 theme predominant 855:865 arg1 MK-7 890:893 MK-7 890:893 MK-7 890:893 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (92%). 25575826 16 1 theme Limisphaera 1838:1848 arg1 nov. 1872:1875 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 1838:1875 the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 1829:1875 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 2 2 theme geothermal 232:241 arg1 field 243:247 the Ngatamariki geothermal field 216:247 the Ngatamariki geothermal field 216:247 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 7 3 theme acid 781:784 arg1 levels 756:761 only trace levels 745:761 only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected 745:793 The peptidoglycan content was very small with only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected. 25575826 3 4 theme level 371:375 arg1 group 377:381 the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 334:383 group 377:381 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). 25575826 16 5 theme gen. 1867:1870 arg1 nov. 1872:1875 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 1838:1875 the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 1829:1875 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 16 6 theme novel 1779:1783 arg1 species 1785:1791 a novel species 1777:1791 a novel species 1777:1791 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 7 7 theme trace 750:754 arg1 levels 756:761 only trace levels 745:761 only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected 745:793 The peptidoglycan content was very small with only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected. 25575826 18 8 theme  = DSM 1934:1939 arg1 T 1947:1947 T 1947:1947 T 1947:1947 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 18 8 theme  = DSM 1934:1939 arg1 27329 1941:1945  = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329 1918:1945  = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T) 1918:1948 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 11 9 theme analogous 1135:1143 arg1 series 1145:1150 a novel analogous series 1127:1150 a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL) 1127:1238 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 14 10 dep 8 1509:1509 arg1 to 1506:1507 to 1506:1507 to 1506:1507 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 11 theme pH 1436:1437 arg1 pH 1463:1464 optimum pH 8.1-8.4 1455:1472 optimum pH 8.1-8.4 1455:1472 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 11 theme pH 1436:1437 arg1 optimum 1446:1452 a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum 1412:1452 a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) 1412:1473 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 13 12 theme oxidative 1295:1303 arg1 metabolism 1324:1333 an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism 1292:1333 an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism 1292:1333 Cells displayed an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism. 25575826 9 13 theme isoprenoid 867:876 arg1 quinone 878:884 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 851:884 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 851:884 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (92%). 25575826 9 13 theme isoprenoid 867:876 arg1 MK-7 890:893 MK-7 890:893 MK-7 890:893 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (92%). 25575826 18 14 theme T 1932:1932 arg1 T 1947:1947 T 1947:1947 T 1947:1947 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 18 14 theme T 1932:1932 arg1 27329 1941:1945  = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329 1918:1945  = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T) 1918:1948 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 1 15 dep thermophilic 52:63 arg1 pink-pigmented 66:79 pink-pigmented 66:79 pink-pigmented 66:79 nov., a thermophilic, pink-pigmented coccus isolated from subaqueous mud of a geothermal hotspring. 25575826 5 16 theme single 571:576 arg1 flagella 578:585 single flagella 571:585 single flagella 571:585 Cells were small cocci, 0.5-0.8 µm in diameter, which were motile by means of single flagella. 25575826 14 17 contain has 1408:1410 arg2 optimum 1446:1452 a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum 1412:1452 a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) 1412:1473 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 17 contain has 1408:1410 arg1 T 1344:1344 T 1344:1344 T 1344:1344 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 17 contain has 1408:1410 arg2 pH 1463:1464 optimum pH 8.1-8.4 1455:1472 optimum pH 8.1-8.4 1455:1472 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 17 contain has 1408:1410 arg1 NGM72.4 1336:1342 NGM72.4 1336:1342 NGM72.4 1336:1342 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 17 contain has 1408:1410 arg1 thermophile 1369:1379 a strictly aerobic thermophile 1350:1379 a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C) 1350:1405 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 8 18 from visible 827:833 arg1 imaging 842:848 TEM imaging 838:848 TEM imaging 838:848 No peptidoglycan structure was visible in TEM imaging. 25575826 5 19 from µm 525:526 arg1 diameter 531:538 diameter 531:538 diameter 531:538 Cells were small cocci, 0.5-0.8 µm in diameter, which were motile by means of single flagella. 25575826 3 20 theme Phylogenetic 263:274 arg1 analysis 276:283 Phylogenetic analysis 263:283 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 263:316 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). 25575826 3 21 theme gene 303:306 arg1 sequences 308:316 16S rRNA gene sequences 294:316 16S rRNA gene sequences 294:316 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). 25575826 14 22 theme growth 1382:1387 arg1 °C 1403:1404 growth optimum 60-65 °C 1382:1404 growth optimum 60-65 °C 1382:1404 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 22 theme growth 1382:1387 arg1 thermophile 1369:1379 a strictly aerobic thermophile 1350:1379 a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C) 1350:1405 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 3 23 theme 16S 294:296 arg1 sequences 308:316 16S rRNA gene sequences 294:316 16S rRNA gene sequences 294:316 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). 25575826 6 24 theme micrograph 610:619 arg1 imaging 627:633 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging 588:633 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging 588:633 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging showed an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane. 25575826 6 25 theme Transmission 588:599 arg1 TEM 622:624 TEM 622:624 TEM 622:624 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging showed an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane. 25575826 6 25 theme Transmission 588:599 arg1 micrograph 610:619 Transmission electron micrograph 588:619 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging 588:633 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging showed an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane. 25575826 14 26 contain has 1479:1481 arg1 T 1344:1344 T 1344:1344 T 1344:1344 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 26 contain has 1479:1481 arg1 NGM72.4 1336:1342 NGM72.4 1336:1342 NGM72.4 1336:1342 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 26 contain has 1479:1481 arg2 tolerance 1490:1498 a NaCl tolerance 1483:1498 a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1) 1483:1517 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 26 contain has 1479:1481 arg1 thermophile 1369:1379 a strictly aerobic thermophile 1350:1379 a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C) 1350:1405 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 0 27 theme Limisphaera 0:10 arg1 nov. 34:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 0:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 0:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 14 28 theme l 1513:1513 arg1 tolerance 1490:1498 a NaCl tolerance 1483:1498 a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1) 1483:1517 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 8 29 from imaging 842:848 arg1 visible 827:833 visible 827:833 visible 827:833 No peptidoglycan structure was visible in TEM imaging. 25575826 16 30 dep position 1601:1608 arg1 The 1575:1577 The 1575:1577 The 1575:1577 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 11 31 theme Major 1003:1007 arg1 phospholipids 1009:1021 Major phospholipids 1003:1021 Major phospholipids 1003:1021 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 0 32 theme gen. 29:32 arg1 nov. 34:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 0:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 0:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 8 33 theme TEM 838:840 arg1 imaging 842:848 TEM imaging 838:848 TEM imaging 838:848 No peptidoglycan structure was visible in TEM imaging. 25575826 18 34 theme  = ICMP 1918:1924 arg1 T 1947:1947 T 1947:1947 T 1947:1947 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 18 34 theme  = ICMP 1918:1924 arg1 27329 1941:1945  = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329 1918:1945  = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T) 1918:1948 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 12 35 theme mol 1270:1272 arg1 % 1273:1273 65.6 mol% 1265:1273 65.6 mol% 1265:1273 The DNA G+C content was 65.6 mol%. 25575826 12 35 theme mol 1270:1272 arg1 content 1253:1259 The DNA G+C content 1241:1259 The DNA G+C content 1241:1259 The DNA G+C content was 65.6 mol%. 25575826 16 36 theme phylogenetic 1588:1599 arg1 position 1601:1608 distinct phylogenetic position 1579:1608 distinct phylogenetic position 1579:1608 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 3 37 theme phylum 338:343 arg1 Verrucomicrobia 345:359 the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 334:383 Verrucomicrobia 345:359 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). 25575826 16 38 theme Verrucomicrobia 1715:1729 arg1 species 1693:1699 all other described species 1673:1699 all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia 1673:1729 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 2 39 theme novel 146:150 arg1 strain 162:167 A novel bacterial strain 144:167 A novel bacterial strain 144:167 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 2 39 theme novel 146:150 arg1 NGM72.4 170:176 NGM72.4 170:176 NGM72.4 170:176 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 6 40 theme pirellulosome-like 653:670 arg1 membrane 689:696 an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane 642:696 an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane 642:696 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging showed an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane. 25575826 3 41 theme soil 406:409 arg1 group 411:415 OPB35 soil group 400:415 OPB35 soil group 400:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). 25575826 12 42 theme G+C 1249:1251 arg1 % 1273:1273 65.6 mol% 1265:1273 65.6 mol% 1265:1273 The DNA G+C content was 65.6 mol%. 25575826 12 42 theme G+C 1249:1251 arg1 content 1253:1259 The DNA G+C content 1241:1259 The DNA G+C content 1241:1259 The DNA G+C content was 65.6 mol%. 25575826 10 43 theme major 906:910 arg1 acids 918:922 The major fatty acids 902:922 The major fatty acids (>15%) 902:929 The major fatty acids (>15%) were C(16 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 25575826 10 43 theme major 906:910 arg1 % 928:928 >15% 925:928 >15% 925:928 The major fatty acids (>15%) were C(16 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 25575826 10 43 theme major 906:910 arg1 C 936:936 C(16 : 0) 936:944 C(16 : 0) 936:944 The major fatty acids (>15%) were C(16 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 25575826 1 44 theme hotspring 133:141 arg1 mud 113:115 subaqueous mud 102:115 subaqueous mud of a geothermal hotspring 102:141 nov., a thermophilic, pink-pigmented coccus isolated from subaqueous mud of a geothermal hotspring. 25575826 11 45 theme phospholipids 1155:1167 arg1 cardiolipin 1105:1115 cardiolipin 1105:1115 cardiolipin (CL) 1105:1120 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 11 45 theme phospholipids 1155:1167 arg1 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1059:1092 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1059:1092 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) 1059:1099 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 11 45 theme phospholipids 1155:1167 arg1 CL 1118:1119 CL 1118:1119 CL 1118:1119 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 11 45 theme phospholipids 1155:1167 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1028:1051 phosphatidylethanolamine 1028:1051 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 1028:1056 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 11 45 theme phospholipids 1155:1167 arg1 series 1145:1150 a novel analogous series 1127:1150 a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL) 1127:1238 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 11 45 theme phospholipids 1155:1167 arg1 PMME 1095:1098 PMME 1095:1098 PMME 1095:1098 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 11 45 theme phospholipids 1155:1167 arg1 PE 1054:1055 PE 1054:1055 PE 1054:1055 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 16 46 theme strain 1635:1640 arg1 T 1650:1650 T 1650:1650 T 1650:1650 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 16 46 theme strain 1635:1640 arg1 NGM72.4 1642:1648 strain NGM72.4 1635:1648 strain NGM72.4(T) 1635:1651 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 18 47 theme type 1891:1894 arg1 NGM72.4 1906:1912 NGM72.4 1906:1912 NGM72.4 1906:1912 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 18 47 theme type 1891:1894 arg1 strain 1896:1901 The type strain 1887:1901 The type strain 1887:1901 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 16 48 theme ngatamarikiensis 1850:1865 arg1 nov. 1872:1875 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 1838:1875 the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 1829:1875 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 16 49 theme phenotypic 1614:1623 arg1 traits 1625:1630 phenotypic traits 1614:1630 phenotypic traits 1614:1630 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 14 50 theme optimum 1455:1461 arg1 pH 1463:1464 optimum pH 8.1-8.4 1455:1472 optimum pH 8.1-8.4 1455:1472 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 50 theme optimum 1455:1461 arg1 optimum 1446:1452 a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum 1412:1452 a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) 1412:1473 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 2 51 theme Ngatamariki 220:230 arg1 field 243:247 the Ngatamariki geothermal field 216:247 the Ngatamariki geothermal field 216:247 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 7 52 theme diaminopimelic 766:779 arg1 acid 781:784 diaminopimelic acid 766:784 diaminopimelic acid detected 766:793 The peptidoglycan content was very small with only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected. 25575826 3 53 dep known 391:395 arg1 also 386:389 also 386:389 also 386:389 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). 25575826 7 54 with small 734:738 arg1 levels 756:761 only trace levels 745:761 only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected 745:793 The peptidoglycan content was very small with only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected. 25575826 2 55 theme New 250:252 arg1 spring 206:211 a hot spring 200:211 a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field 200:247 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 2 55 theme New 250:252 arg1 Zealand 254:260 New Zealand 250:260 New Zealand 250:260 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 11 56 theme novel 1129:1133 arg1 series 1145:1150 a novel analogous series 1127:1150 a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL) 1127:1238 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 15 57 dep small 1534:1538 arg1 pale 1564:1567 pale 1564:1567 pale 1564:1567 Colonies were small, circular and pigmented pale pink. 25575826 15 57 dep small 1534:1538 arg1 pink 1569:1572 pink 1569:1572 pink 1569:1572 Colonies were small, circular and pigmented pale pink. 25575826 14 58 theme growth 1439:1444 arg1 pH 1463:1464 optimum pH 8.1-8.4 1455:1472 optimum pH 8.1-8.4 1455:1472 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 58 theme growth 1439:1444 arg1 optimum 1446:1452 a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum 1412:1452 a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) 1412:1473 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 16 59 theme distinct 1579:1586 arg1 position 1601:1608 distinct phylogenetic position 1579:1608 distinct phylogenetic position 1579:1608 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 11 60 dep diacylserinol 1208:1220 arg1 sPE 1223:1225 sPE 1223:1225 sPE 1223:1225 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 11 60 dep diacylserinol 1208:1220 arg1 sCL 1235:1237 sCL 1235:1237 sCL 1235:1237 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 11 60 dep diacylserinol 1208:1220 arg1 sPMME 1228:1232 sPMME 1228:1232 sPMME 1228:1232 Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). 25575826 14 61 theme alkaliphilic 1423:1434 arg1 pH 1463:1464 optimum pH 8.1-8.4 1455:1472 optimum pH 8.1-8.4 1455:1472 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 61 theme alkaliphilic 1423:1434 arg1 optimum 1446:1452 a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum 1412:1452 a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) 1412:1473 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 13 62 theme chemoheterotrophic 1305:1322 arg1 metabolism 1324:1333 an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism 1292:1333 an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism 1292:1333 Cells displayed an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism. 25575826 1 63 theme subaqueous 102:111 arg1 mud 113:115 subaqueous mud 102:115 subaqueous mud of a geothermal hotspring 102:141 nov., a thermophilic, pink-pigmented coccus isolated from subaqueous mud of a geothermal hotspring. 25575826 18 64 dep NGM72.4 1906:1912 arg1 T 1947:1947 T 1947:1947 T 1947:1947 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 18 64 dep NGM72.4 1906:1912 arg1 27329 1941:1945  = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329 1918:1945  = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T) 1918:1948 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 2 65 theme hot 202:204 arg1 Zealand 254:260 New Zealand 250:260 New Zealand 250:260 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 2 65 theme hot 202:204 arg1 spring 206:211 a hot spring 200:211 a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field 200:247 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 1 66 theme geothermal 122:131 arg1 hotspring 133:141 a geothermal hotspring 120:141 a geothermal hotspring 120:141 nov., a thermophilic, pink-pigmented coccus isolated from subaqueous mud of a geothermal hotspring. 25575826 2 67 attach isolated 186:193 arg1 Zealand 254:260 New Zealand 250:260 New Zealand 250:260 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 2 67 attach isolated 186:193 arg1 spring 206:211 a hot spring 200:211 a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field 200:247 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 2 67 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 NGM72.4 170:176 NGM72.4 170:176 NGM72.4 170:176 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 2 67 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 strain 162:167 A novel bacterial strain 144:167 A novel bacterial strain 144:167 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 16 68 dep name 1833:1836 arg1 nov. 1872:1875 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 1838:1875 the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 1829:1875 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 14 69 theme optimum 1389:1395 arg1 °C 1403:1404 growth optimum 60-65 °C 1382:1404 growth optimum 60-65 °C 1382:1404 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 69 theme optimum 1389:1395 arg1 thermophile 1369:1379 a strictly aerobic thermophile 1350:1379 a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C) 1350:1405 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 1 70 theme thermophilic 52:63 arg1 coccus 81:86 a thermophilic, pink-pigmented coccus 50:86 a thermophilic, pink-pigmented coccus 50:86 nov., a thermophilic, pink-pigmented coccus isolated from subaqueous mud of a geothermal hotspring. 25575826 1 70 theme thermophilic 52:63 arg1 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov., a thermophilic, pink-pigmented coccus isolated from subaqueous mud of a geothermal hotspring. 25575826 3 71 theme rRNA 298:301 arg1 sequences 308:316 16S rRNA gene sequences 294:316 16S rRNA gene sequences 294:316 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). 25575826 3 72 dep Verrucomicrobia 345:359 arg1 known 391:395 known 391:395 known as OPB35 soil group 391:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). 25575826 6 73 theme electron 601:608 arg1 TEM 622:624 TEM 622:624 TEM 622:624 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging showed an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane. 25575826 6 73 theme electron 601:608 arg1 micrograph 610:619 Transmission electron micrograph 588:619 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging 588:633 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging showed an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane. 25575826 0 74 theme ngatamarikiensis 12:27 arg1 nov. 34:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 0:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 0:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 14 75 theme aerobic 1361:1367 arg1 °C 1403:1404 growth optimum 60-65 °C 1382:1404 growth optimum 60-65 °C 1382:1404 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 75 theme aerobic 1361:1367 arg1 thermophile 1369:1379 a strictly aerobic thermophile 1350:1379 a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C) 1350:1405 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 14 75 theme aerobic 1361:1367 arg1 NGM72.4 1336:1342 NGM72.4 1336:1342 NGM72.4 1336:1342 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 8 76 theme peptidoglycan 799:811 arg1 structure 813:821 No peptidoglycan structure 796:821 No peptidoglycan structure 796:821 No peptidoglycan structure was visible in TEM imaging. 25575826 14 77 theme g 1511:1511 arg1 l 1513:1513 up to 8 g l(-1) 1503:1517 up to 8 g l(-1) 1503:1517 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 5 78 theme small 504:508 arg1 cocci 510:514 small cocci 504:514 small cocci 504:514 Cells were small cocci, 0.5-0.8 µm in diameter, which were motile by means of single flagella. 25575826 5 78 theme small 504:508 arg1 µm 525:526 0.5-0.8 µm 517:526 0.5-0.8 µm in diameter 517:538 Cells were small cocci, 0.5-0.8 µm in diameter, which were motile by means of single flagella. 25575826 16 79 theme other 1677:1681 arg1 species 1693:1699 all other described species 1673:1699 all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia 1673:1729 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 18 80 theme 20182 1926:1930 arg1 T 1947:1947 T 1947:1947 T 1947:1947 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 18 80 theme 20182 1926:1930 arg1 27329 1941:1945  = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329 1918:1945  = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T) 1918:1948 The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)). 25575826 16 81 theme described 1683:1691 arg1 species 1693:1699 all other described species 1673:1699 all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia 1673:1729 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 2 82 from spring 206:211 arg1 field 243:247 the Ngatamariki geothermal field 216:247 the Ngatamariki geothermal field 216:247 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 3 83 theme class 365:369 arg1 group 377:381 the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 334:383 group 377:381 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). 25575826 16 84 theme new 1798:1800 arg1 genus 1802:1806 a new genus 1796:1806 a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp 1796:1879 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 2 85 theme bacterial 152:160 arg1 strain 162:167 A novel bacterial strain 144:167 A novel bacterial strain 144:167 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 2 85 theme bacterial 152:160 arg1 NGM72.4 170:176 NGM72.4 170:176 NGM72.4 170:176 A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. 25575826 6 86 theme intracytoplasmic 672:687 arg1 membrane 689:696 an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane 642:696 an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane 642:696 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging showed an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane. 25575826 7 87 theme peptidoglycan 703:715 arg1 content 717:723 The peptidoglycan content 699:723 The peptidoglycan content 699:723 The peptidoglycan content was very small with only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected. 25575826 7 87 theme peptidoglycan 703:715 arg1 small 734:738 small 734:738 small 734:738 The peptidoglycan content was very small with only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected. 25575826 0 88 dep sp 40:41 arg1 nov. 34:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 0:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov. 0:37 Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 16 89 theme phylum 1708:1713 arg1 Verrucomicrobia 1715:1729 the phylum Verrucomicrobia 1704:1729 the phylum Verrucomicrobia 1704:1729 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 6 90 theme unusual 645:651 arg1 membrane 689:696 an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane 642:696 an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane 642:696 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging showed an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane. 25575826 14 91 theme NaCl 1485:1488 arg1 tolerance 1490:1498 a NaCl tolerance 1483:1498 a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1) 1483:1517 NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). 25575826 10 92 theme fatty 912:916 arg1 acids 918:922 The major fatty acids 902:922 The major fatty acids (>15%) 902:929 The major fatty acids (>15%) were C(16 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 25575826 10 92 theme fatty 912:916 arg1 % 928:928 >15% 925:928 >15% 925:928 The major fatty acids (>15%) were C(16 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 25575826 10 92 theme fatty 912:916 arg1 C 936:936 C(16 : 0) 936:944 C(16 : 0) 936:944 The major fatty acids (>15%) were C(16 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 25575826 12 93 theme DNA 1245:1247 arg1 % 1273:1273 65.6 mol% 1265:1273 65.6 mol% 1265:1273 The DNA G+C content was 65.6 mol%. 25575826 12 93 theme DNA 1245:1247 arg1 content 1253:1259 The DNA G+C content 1241:1259 The DNA G+C content 1241:1259 The DNA G+C content was 65.6 mol%. 25575826 16 94 theme NGM72.4 1642:1648 arg1 position 1601:1608 distinct phylogenetic position 1579:1608 distinct phylogenetic position 1579:1608 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25575826 16 94 theme NGM72.4 1642:1648 arg1 traits 1625:1630 phenotypic traits 1614:1630 phenotypic traits 1614:1630 The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. 25256704 6 0 theme major 893:897 arg1 lipids 905:910 major polar lipids 893:910 major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid 893:1002 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 2 1 theme polyphasic 234:243 arg1 study 255:259 a polyphasic taxonomic study 232:259 a polyphasic taxonomic study 232:259 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 8 2 theme NCCP-154 1269:1276 arg1 % 1293:1293 70.0 mol% 1285:1293 70.0 mol% 1285:1293 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) was 70.0 mol%. 25256704 8 2 theme NCCP-154 1269:1276 arg1 content 1251:1257 The DNA G+C content 1239:1257 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) 1239:1279 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) was 70.0 mol%. 25256704 6 3 theme peptidoglycan 685:697 arg1 type 699:702 cell-wall peptidoglycan type 675:702 cell-wall peptidoglycan type 675:702 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 5 4 dep similarity 583:592 arg1 % 581:581 % 581:581 % 581:581 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 8 5 theme DNA 1243:1245 arg1 % 1293:1293 70.0 mol% 1285:1293 70.0 mol% 1285:1293 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) was 70.0 mol%. 25256704 8 5 theme DNA 1243:1245 arg1 content 1251:1257 The DNA G+C content 1239:1257 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) 1239:1279 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) was 70.0 mol%. 25256704 12 6 theme 19024 1646:1650 arg1 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 6 theme 19024 1646:1650 arg1 13793 1677:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793 1639:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T) 1639:1684 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 6 7 theme summed 740:745 arg1 C16  758:761 C16  758:761 C16  758:761 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 7 theme summed 740:745 arg1 acids 733:737 major fatty acids 721:737 major fatty acids 721:737 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 7 theme summed 740:745 arg1 feature 747:753 summed feature 3 740:755 summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16  740:810 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 11 8 theme Deinococcus 1565:1575 arg1 sp 1583:1584 The name Deinococcus citri sp 1556:1584 The name Deinococcus citri sp. 1556:1585 The name Deinococcus citri sp. 25256704 8 9 theme mol 1290:1292 arg1 % 1293:1293 70.0 mol% 1285:1293 70.0 mol% 1285:1293 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) was 70.0 mol%. 25256704 8 9 theme mol 1290:1292 arg1 content 1251:1257 The DNA G+C content 1239:1257 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) 1239:1279 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) was 70.0 mol%. 25256704 6 10 theme several 923:929 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 944:961 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 923:961 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 923:961 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 2 11 theme leaf 191:194 arg1 lesions 203:209 citrus leaf canker lesions 184:209 citrus leaf canker lesions 184:209 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 6 12 theme major 721:725 arg1 acids 733:737 major fatty acids 721:737 major fatty acids 721:737 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 12 theme major 721:725 arg1 feature 747:753 summed feature 3 740:755 summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16  740:810 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 5 13 theme Deinococcus 516:526 arg1 % 560:560 98.8 % 555:560 98.8 % 555:560 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 5 13 theme Deinococcus 516:526 arg1 T 551:551 T 551:551 T 551:551 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 5 13 theme Deinococcus 516:526 arg1 1.7299 544:549 Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299 516:549 Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %) 516:561 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 12 14 theme type 1614:1617 arg1 T 1635:1635 T 1635:1635 T 1635:1635 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 14 theme type 1614:1617 arg1 NCCP-154 1626:1633 the type strain NCCP-154 1610:1633 the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)) 1610:1685 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 5 15 theme CGMCC 538:542 arg1 % 560:560 98.8 % 555:560 98.8 % 555:560 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 5 15 theme CGMCC 538:542 arg1 T 551:551 T 551:551 T 551:551 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 5 15 theme CGMCC 538:542 arg1 1.7299 544:549 Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299 516:549 Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %) 516:561 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 10 16 theme Deinococcus 1543:1553 arg1 species 1522:1528 a novel species 1514:1528 a novel species of the genus Deinococcus 1514:1553 Therefore, it represents a novel species of the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 4 17 theme UV 390:391 arg1 irradiation 393:403 UV irradiation 390:403 UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)) 390:419 The novel strain exhibited tolerance of UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)). 25256704 5 18 theme sequence 445:452 arg1 analysis 454:461 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 431:461 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 431:461 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 2 19 dep Gram-stain-positive 72:90 arg1 coccoid 123:129 coccoid 123:129 coccoid 123:129 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 2 19 dep Gram-stain-positive 72:90 arg1 non-motile 111:120 non-motile 111:120 non-motile 111:120 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 2 19 dep Gram-stain-positive 72:90 arg1 aerobic 102:108 aerobic 102:108 aerobic 102:108 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 7 20 dep D. 1197:1198 arg1 gobiensis 1200:1208 D. gobiensis 1197:1208 D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) 1197:1221 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) was 63.3±3.7 %. 25256704 1 21 theme leaf 49:52 arg1 lesions 61:67 citrus leaf canker lesions 42:67 citrus leaf canker lesions 42:67 nov., isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions. 25256704 2 22 attach isolated 170:177 arg2 bacterium 131:139 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium 70:139 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium 70:139 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 2 22 attach isolated 170:177 arg1 lesions 203:209 citrus leaf canker lesions 184:209 citrus leaf canker lesions 184:209 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 9 23 theme DNA-DNA 1332:1338 arg1 hybridization 1340:1352 DNA-DNA hybridization 1332:1352 DNA-DNA hybridization 1332:1352 Based on the phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain NCCP-154(T) can be differentiated from species with validly published names. 25256704 0 24 theme Deinococcus 0:10 arg1 sp 18:19 Deinococcus citri sp 0:19 Deinococcus citri sp. 0:20 Deinococcus citri sp. 25256704 5 25 theme rRNA 435:438 arg1 analysis 454:461 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 431:461 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 431:461 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 3 26 theme optimum 299:305 arg1 °C 310:311 optimum 30 °C 299:311 optimum 30 °C 299:311 Strain NCCP-154(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 25256704 3 26 theme optimum 299:305 arg1 °C 295:296 10-37 °C 289:296 10-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) 289:312 Strain NCCP-154(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 25256704 3 27 theme pH 321:322 arg1 pH 341:342 optimum pH 7.0 333:346 optimum pH 7.0 333:346 Strain NCCP-154(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 25256704 3 27 theme pH 321:322 arg1 7.0-8.0 324:330 pH 7.0-8.0 321:330 pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) 321:347 Strain NCCP-154(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 25256704 6 28 theme whole-cell 1036:1045 arg1 sugar 1047:1051 the predominant whole-cell sugar 1020:1051 the predominant whole-cell sugar 1020:1051 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 4 29 theme J 412:412 arg1 -2 416:417 -2 416:417 -2 416:417 The novel strain exhibited tolerance of UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)). 25256704 4 29 theme J 412:412 arg1 m 414:414 >1000 J m 406:414 >1000 J m(-2) 406:418 The novel strain exhibited tolerance of UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)). 25256704 4 30 dep irradiation 393:403 arg1 -2 416:417 -2 416:417 -2 416:417 The novel strain exhibited tolerance of UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)). 25256704 4 30 dep irradiation 393:403 arg1 m 414:414 >1000 J m 406:414 >1000 J m(-2) 406:418 The novel strain exhibited tolerance of UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)). 25256704 6 31 theme data 644:647 arg1 menaquinone 656:666 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone 625:666 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] 625:1052 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 9 32 theme strain 1405:1410 arg1 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 T 1421:1421 Based on the phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain NCCP-154(T) can be differentiated from species with validly published names. 25256704 9 32 theme strain 1405:1410 arg1 NCCP-154 1412:1419 strain NCCP-154 1405:1419 strain NCCP-154(T) 1405:1422 Based on the phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain NCCP-154(T) can be differentiated from species with validly published names. 25256704 12 33 theme T 1652:1652 arg1 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 33 theme T 1652:1652 arg1 13793 1677:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793 1639:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T) 1639:1684 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 34 theme  = DSM 1654:1659 arg1 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 34 theme  = DSM 1654:1659 arg1 13793 1677:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793 1639:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T) 1639:1684 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 0 35 dep Deinococcus 0:10 arg1 citri 12:16 citri 12:16 citri 12:16 Deinococcus citri sp. 25256704 6 36 theme polar 899:903 arg1 lipids 905:910 major polar lipids 893:910 major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid 893:1002 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 37 theme strain 1088:1093 arg1 T 1104:1104 T 1104:1104 T 1104:1104 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 37 theme strain 1088:1093 arg1 NCCP-154 1095:1102 strain NCCP-154 1088:1102 strain NCCP-154(T) 1088:1105 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 5 38 theme highest 494:500 arg1 similarity 502:511 the highest similarity 490:511 the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %) 490:561 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 2 39 theme taxonomic 245:253 arg1 study 255:259 a polyphasic taxonomic study 232:259 a polyphasic taxonomic study 232:259 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 8 40 theme strain 1262:1267 arg1 T 1278:1278 T 1278:1278 T 1278:1278 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) was 70.0 mol%. 25256704 8 40 theme strain 1262:1267 arg1 NCCP-154 1269:1276 strain NCCP-154 1262:1276 strain NCCP-154(T) 1262:1279 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) was 70.0 mol%. 25256704 6 41 theme cell-wall 675:683 arg1 type 699:702 cell-wall peptidoglycan type 675:702 cell-wall peptidoglycan type 675:702 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 11 42 theme citri 1577:1581 arg1 sp 1583:1584 The name Deinococcus citri sp 1556:1584 The name Deinococcus citri sp. 1556:1585 The name Deinococcus citri sp. 25256704 5 43 dep % 581:581 arg1 94  578:580 94  578:580 94  578:580 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 9 44 theme published 1472:1480 arg1 names 1482:1486 validly published names 1464:1486 validly published names 1464:1486 Based on the phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain NCCP-154(T) can be differentiated from species with validly published names. 25256704 12 45 theme  = JCM 1639:1644 arg1 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 45 theme  = JCM 1639:1644 arg1 13793 1677:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793 1639:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T) 1639:1684 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 11 46 theme name 1560:1563 arg1 sp 1583:1584 The name Deinococcus citri sp 1556:1584 The name Deinococcus citri sp. 1556:1585 The name Deinococcus citri sp. 25256704 12 47 theme strain 1619:1624 arg1 T 1635:1635 T 1635:1635 T 1635:1635 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 47 theme strain 1619:1624 arg1 NCCP-154 1626:1633 the type strain NCCP-154 1610:1633 the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)) 1610:1685 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 6 48 theme unidentified 931:942 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 944:961 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 923:961 several unidentified phosphoglycolipids 923:961 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 2 49 theme canker 196:201 arg1 lesions 203:209 citrus leaf canker lesions 184:209 citrus leaf canker lesions 184:209 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 6 50 theme fatty 727:731 arg1 acids 733:737 major fatty acids 721:737 major fatty acids 721:737 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 50 theme fatty 727:731 arg1 feature 747:753 summed feature 3 740:755 summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16  740:810 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 4 51 theme novel 354:358 arg1 strain 360:365 The novel strain 350:365 The novel strain 350:365 The novel strain exhibited tolerance of UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)). 25256704 2 52 theme Gram-stain-positive 72:90 arg1 bacterium 131:139 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium 70:139 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium 70:139 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 2 53 theme citrus 184:189 arg1 lesions 203:209 citrus leaf canker lesions 184:209 citrus leaf canker lesions 184:209 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, coccoid bacterium, designated NCCP-154(T), was isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25256704 6 54 dep C16  758:761 arg1 % 792:792  1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 % 763:792  1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 % 763:792 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 7 55 theme D. 1197:1198 arg1 T 1220:1220 T 1220:1220 T 1220:1220 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) was 63.3±3.7 %. 25256704 7 55 theme D. 1197:1198 arg1 16679 1214:1218 D. gobiensis JCM 16679 1197:1218 D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) 1197:1221 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) was 63.3±3.7 %. 25256704 10 56 theme novel 1516:1520 arg1 species 1522:1528 a novel species 1514:1528 a novel species of the genus Deinococcus 1514:1553 Therefore, it represents a novel species of the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 5 57 theme gobiensis 528:536 arg1 % 560:560 98.8 % 555:560 98.8 % 555:560 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 5 57 theme gobiensis 528:536 arg1 T 551:551 T 551:551 T 551:551 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 5 57 theme gobiensis 528:536 arg1 1.7299 544:549 Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299 516:549 Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %) 516:561 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 6 58 theme 2-OH 781:784 arg1 % 792:792  1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 % 763:792  1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 % 763:792 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 4 59 theme irradiation 393:403 arg1 tolerance 377:385 tolerance 377:385 tolerance of UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)) 377:419 The novel strain exhibited tolerance of UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)). 25256704 10 60 theme genus 1537:1541 arg1 Deinococcus 1543:1553 the genus Deinococcus 1533:1553 the genus Deinococcus 1533:1553 Therefore, it represents a novel species of the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 7 61 theme strain 1174:1179 arg1 T 1190:1190 T 1190:1190 T 1190:1190 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) was 63.3±3.7 %. 25256704 7 61 theme strain 1174:1179 arg1 NCCP-154 1181:1188 strain NCCP-154 1174:1188 strain NCCP-154(T) 1174:1191 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) was 63.3±3.7 %. 25256704 4 62 theme >1000 406:410 arg1 -2 416:417 -2 416:417 -2 416:417 The novel strain exhibited tolerance of UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)). 25256704 4 62 theme >1000 406:410 arg1 m 414:414 >1000 J m 406:414 >1000 J m(-2) 406:418 The novel strain exhibited tolerance of UV irradiation (>1000 J m(-2)). 25256704 1 63 theme citrus 42:47 arg1 lesions 61:67 citrus leaf canker lesions 42:67 citrus leaf canker lesions 42:67 nov., isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions. 25256704 7 64 theme relatedness 1154:1164 arg1 level 1137:1141 The level 1133:1141 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) 1133:1221 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) was 63.3±3.7 %. 25256704 7 64 theme relatedness 1154:1164 arg1 % 1236:1236 63.3±3.7 % 1227:1236 63.3±3.7 % 1227:1236 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) was 63.3±3.7 %. 25256704 9 65 theme phylogenetic 1309:1320 arg1 analyses 1322:1329 the phylogenetic analyses 1305:1329 the phylogenetic analyses 1305:1329 Based on the phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain NCCP-154(T) can be differentiated from species with validly published names. 25256704 6 66 theme genus 1114:1118 arg1 Deinococcus 1120:1130 the genus Deinococcus 1110:1130 the genus Deinococcus 1110:1130 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 5 67 theme strain 464:469 arg1 T 480:480 T 480:480 T 480:480 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 5 67 theme strain 464:469 arg1 NCCP-154 471:478 strain NCCP-154 464:478 strain NCCP-154(T) 464:481 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 1 68 theme canker 54:59 arg1 lesions 61:67 citrus leaf canker lesions 42:67 citrus leaf canker lesions 42:67 nov., isolated from citrus leaf canker lesions. 25256704 5 69 theme other 597:601 arg1 taxa 619:622 other closely related taxa 597:622 other closely related taxa 597:622 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 5 70 theme 16S 431:433 arg1 analysis 454:461 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 431:461 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 431:461 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 12 71 theme  = KCTC 1669:1675 arg1 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 71 theme  = KCTC 1669:1675 arg1 13793 1677:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793 1639:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T) 1639:1684 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 3 72 theme optimum 333:339 arg1 pH 341:342 optimum pH 7.0 333:346 optimum pH 7.0 333:346 Strain NCCP-154(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 25256704 3 72 theme optimum 333:339 arg1 7.0-8.0 324:330 pH 7.0-8.0 321:330 pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) 321:347 Strain NCCP-154(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). 25256704 5 73 theme related 611:617 arg1 taxa 619:622 other closely related taxa 597:622 other closely related taxa 597:622 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 5 74 theme gene 440:443 arg1 analysis 454:461 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 431:461 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 431:461 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-154(T) showed the highest similarity to Deinococcus gobiensis CGMCC 1.7299(T) (98.8 %), and less than 94 % similarity to other closely related taxa. 25256704 9 75 theme physiological 1358:1370 arg1 characteristics 1388:1402 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1358:1402 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1358:1402 Based on the phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain NCCP-154(T) can be differentiated from species with validly published names. 25256704 7 76 theme DNA-DNA 1146:1152 arg1 relatedness 1154:1164 DNA-DNA relatedness 1146:1164 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) 1146:1221 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) was 63.3±3.7 %. 25256704 9 77 theme biochemical 1376:1386 arg1 characteristics 1388:1402 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1358:1402 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1358:1402 Based on the phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain NCCP-154(T) can be differentiated from species with validly published names. 25256704 6 78 dep menaquinone 656:666 arg1 iso-C17  825:832 iso-C17  825:832 iso-C17  825:832 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 78 dep menaquinone 656:666 arg1 Orn-Gly2 710:717 Orn-Gly2 710:717 Orn-Gly2 710:717 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 78 dep menaquinone 656:666 arg1 C17  849:852 C17  849:852 C17  849:852 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 78 dep menaquinone 656:666 arg1 MK-8 669:672 MK-8 669:672 MK-8 669:672 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 12 79 theme 24791 1661:1665 arg1 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 79 theme 24791 1661:1665 arg1 13793 1677:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793 1639:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T) 1639:1684 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 6 80 theme predominant 1024:1034 arg1 sugar 1047:1051 the predominant whole-cell sugar 1020:1051 the predominant whole-cell sugar 1020:1051 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 7 81 theme JCM 1210:1212 arg1 T 1220:1220 T 1220:1220 T 1220:1220 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) was 63.3±3.7 %. 25256704 7 81 theme JCM 1210:1212 arg1 16679 1214:1218 D. gobiensis JCM 16679 1197:1218 D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) 1197:1221 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-154(T) and D. gobiensis JCM 16679(T) was 63.3±3.7 %. 25256704 6 82 theme [major 649:654 arg1 menaquinone 656:666 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone 625:666 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] 625:1052 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 12 83 dep NCCP-154 1626:1633 arg1 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 83 dep NCCP-154 1626:1633 arg1 13793 1677:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793 1639:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T) 1639:1684 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1  0 881:882  0 881:882  0 881:882 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1 % 865:865 7.4 % 861:865 7.4 % 861:865 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1 acids 733:737 major fatty acids 721:737 major fatty acids 721:737 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1  0 812:813  0 812:813  0 (12.7 %) 812:822 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1 % 889:889 6.9 % 885:889 6.9 % 885:889 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1 mannose 1009:1015 mannose 1009:1015 mannose 1009:1015 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1 feature 747:753 summed feature 3 740:755 summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16  740:810 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1  1ω9c 834:838  1ω9c 834:838  1ω9c (9.2 %) 834:846 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1 type 699:702 cell-wall peptidoglycan type 675:702 cell-wall peptidoglycan type 675:702 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1 iso-C17  872:879 iso-C17  872:879 iso-C17  872:879 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1 % 821:821 12.7 % 816:821 12.7 % 816:821 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1  1ω8c 854:858  1ω8c 854:858  1ω8c (7.4 %) 854:866 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1 % 845:845 9.2 % 841:845 9.2 % 841:845 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 84 dep MK-8 669:672 arg1 lipids 905:910 major polar lipids 893:910 major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid 893:1002 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 12 85 theme T 1667:1667 arg1 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 T 1683:1683 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 12 85 theme T 1667:1667 arg1 13793 1677:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793 1639:1681  = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T) 1639:1684 nov. is proposed, with the type strain NCCP-154(T) ( = JCM 19024(T) = DSM 24791(T) = KCTC 13793(T)). 25256704 6 86 theme chemotaxonomic 629:642 arg1 menaquinone 656:666 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone 625:666 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] 625:1052 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 6 87 theme NCCP-154 1095:1102 arg1 affiliation 1073:1083 the affiliation 1069:1083 the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus 1069:1130 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-8; cell-wall peptidoglycan type, A3β (Orn-Gly2); major fatty acids, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 35.3 %) followed by C16 : 0 (12.7 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (9.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (7.4 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %); major polar lipids made up of several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids and an aminophospholipid, and mannose as the predominant whole-cell sugar] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-154(T) to the genus Deinococcus. 25256704 8 88 theme G+C 1247:1249 arg1 % 1293:1293 70.0 mol% 1285:1293 70.0 mol% 1285:1293 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) was 70.0 mol%. 25256704 8 88 theme G+C 1247:1249 arg1 content 1251:1257 The DNA G+C content 1239:1257 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) 1239:1279 The DNA G+C content of strain NCCP-154(T) was 70.0 mol%. 28588114 8 0 theme subtle 1136:1141 arg1 phenotypes 1153:1162 only subtle metabolic phenotypes 1131:1162 only subtle metabolic phenotypes 1131:1162 GPD2 overexpression lines showed only subtle metabolic phenotypes and no significant alteration in growth. 28588114 4 1 from enzymes 497:503 arg1 reinhardtii 537:547 the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 508:547 the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 508:547 Of the five GPDH enzymes in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, GPD2 and GPD3 were shown to be induced by nutrient starvation and/or salt stress. 28588114 9 2 theme acids 1456:1460 arg1 abundance 1430:1438 increased abundance 1420:1438 increased abundance of phosphatidic acids 1420:1460 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 12 3 theme GPDH 1809:1812 arg1 isoforms 1814:1821 GPD3 GPDH isoforms 1804:1821 GPD3 GPDH isoforms 1804:1821 These results also suggest that GPD2 and GPD3 GPDH isoforms are important for nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation but have distinct metabolic functions. 28588114 10 4 theme glycerolipid 1593:1604 arg1 pathway 1617:1623 the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway 1578:1623 the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines 1578:1652 This may indicate a block in the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines. 28588114 7 5 theme distinct 1077:1084 arg1 phenotypes 1086:1095 distinct phenotypes 1077:1095 distinct phenotypes 1077:1095 Overexpression of GPD2 and GPD3 in C. reinhardtii gave distinct phenotypes. 28588114 9 6 theme reduced 1466:1472 arg1 abundance 1474:1482 reduced abundance 1466:1482 reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids 1466:1546 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 5 7 theme Heterologous 632:643 arg1 expression 645:654 Heterologous expression 632:654 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant 632:755 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 10 8 theme GPD3 1628:1631 arg1 lines 1648:1652 GPD3 overexpression lines 1628:1652 GPD3 overexpression lines 1628:1652 This may indicate a block in the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines. 28588114 9 9 theme GPD3 1218:1221 arg1 lines 1238:1242 GPD3 overexpression lines 1218:1242 GPD3 overexpression lines 1218:1242 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 5 10 theme putative 667:674 arg1 GPDH 690:693 a putative chloroplastic GPDH 665:693 a putative chloroplastic GPDH 665:693 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 2 11 theme essential 229:237 arg1 G3P 219:221 G3P 219:221 G3P 219:221 G3P is an essential precursor for glycerolipid synthesis and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in response to nutrient starvation. 28588114 2 11 theme essential 229:237 arg1 precursor 239:247 an essential precursor 226:247 an essential precursor for glycerolipid synthesis and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in response to nutrient starvation 226:355 G3P is an essential precursor for glycerolipid synthesis and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in response to nutrient starvation. 28588114 9 12 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1520:1539 arg1 lipids 1541:1546 phosphatidylglycerol lipids 1520:1546 phosphatidylglycerol lipids 1520:1546 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 6 13 theme significant 901:911 arg1 reduction 913:921 significant reduction 901:921 significant reduction in TAG concentration 901:942 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 showed no difference in growth but displayed significant reduction in TAG concentration compared with the wild type in response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation. 28588114 5 14 theme GPDH 690:693 arg1 expression 645:654 Heterologous expression 632:654 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant 632:755 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 9 15 theme chlorophyll 1289:1299 arg1 concentration 1301:1313 chlorophyll concentration 1289:1313 chlorophyll concentration 1289:1313 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 5 16 theme yeast 738:742 arg1 mutant 750:755 a yeast gpd1Δ mutant 736:755 a yeast gpd1Δ mutant 736:755 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 1 17 theme stress 176:181 arg1 responses 183:191 environmental stress responses 162:191 environmental stress responses by eukaryotic microalgae 162:216 The metabolism of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is important for environmental stress responses by eukaryotic microalgae. 28588114 5 18 theme putative 708:715 arg1 GPDH 727:730 a putative cytosolic GPDH 706:730 a putative cytosolic GPDH 706:730 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 5 18 theme putative 708:715 arg1 GPD3 700:703 GPD3 700:703 GPD3 700:703 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 9 19 theme glycerol 1324:1331 arg1 concentration 1333:1345 reduced glycerol concentration 1316:1345 reduced glycerol concentration 1316:1345 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 6 20 theme wild 962:965 arg1 type 967:970 the wild type 958:970 the wild type in response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation 958:1019 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 showed no difference in growth but displayed significant reduction in TAG concentration compared with the wild type in response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation. 28588114 6 21 from type 967:970 arg1 response 975:982 response 975:982 response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation 975:1019 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 showed no difference in growth but displayed significant reduction in TAG concentration compared with the wild type in response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation. 28588114 3 22 theme isoforms 438:445 arg1 roles 415:419 the roles 411:419 the roles of specific GPDH isoforms 411:445 G3P dehydrogenase (GPDH) mediates G3P synthesis, but the roles of specific GPDH isoforms are currently poorly understood. 28588114 0 23 from Chlamydomonas 45:57 arg1 Dehydrogenases 25:38 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases 0:38 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases from Chlamydomonas 0:57 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases from Chlamydomonas Have Distinct Roles in Lipid Metabolism. 28588114 3 24 theme specific 424:431 arg1 isoforms 438:445 specific GPDH isoforms 424:445 specific GPDH isoforms 424:445 G3P dehydrogenase (GPDH) mediates G3P synthesis, but the roles of specific GPDH isoforms are currently poorly understood. 28588114 5 25 theme enzymes 796:802 arg1 functionality 774:786 the functionality 770:786 the functionality of both enzymes 770:802 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 9 26 theme lipid 1363:1367 arg1 composition 1369:1379 lipid composition 1363:1379 lipid composition 1363:1379 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 1 27 theme glycerol-3-phosphate 118:137 arg1 metabolism 104:113 The metabolism 100:113 The metabolism of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) 100:143 The metabolism of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is important for environmental stress responses by eukaryotic microalgae. 28588114 1 27 theme glycerol-3-phosphate 118:137 arg1 important 148:156 important 148:156 important 148:156 The metabolism of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is important for environmental stress responses by eukaryotic microalgae. 28588114 2 28 from accumulation 284:295 arg1 response 325:332 response 325:332 response to nutrient starvation 325:355 G3P is an essential precursor for glycerolipid synthesis and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in response to nutrient starvation. 28588114 11 29 theme enzyme 1749:1754 arg1 steps 1756:1760 other downstream enzyme steps 1732:1760 other downstream enzyme steps 1732:1760 Thus, lipid engineering by GPDH modification may depend on the activities of other downstream enzyme steps. 28588114 12 30 theme TAG 1869:1871 arg1 accumulation 1873:1884 nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation 1841:1884 nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation 1841:1884 These results also suggest that GPD2 and GPD3 GPDH isoforms are important for nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation but have distinct metabolic functions. 28588114 4 31 theme alga 518:521 arg1 reinhardtii 537:547 the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 508:547 the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 508:547 Of the five GPDH enzymes in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, GPD2 and GPD3 were shown to be induced by nutrient starvation and/or salt stress. 28588114 6 32 from reduction 913:921 arg1 concentration 930:942 TAG concentration 926:942 TAG concentration 926:942 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 showed no difference in growth but displayed significant reduction in TAG concentration compared with the wild type in response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation. 28588114 11 33 theme other 1732:1736 arg1 steps 1756:1760 other downstream enzyme steps 1732:1760 other downstream enzyme steps 1732:1760 Thus, lipid engineering by GPDH modification may depend on the activities of other downstream enzyme steps. 28588114 0 34 theme Distinct 64:71 arg1 Roles 73:77 Distinct Roles 64:77 Distinct Roles 64:77 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases from Chlamydomonas Have Distinct Roles in Lipid Metabolism. 28588114 5 35 from expression 645:654 arg1 mutant 750:755 a yeast gpd1Δ mutant 736:755 a yeast gpd1Δ mutant 736:755 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 6 36 theme knockdown 820:828 arg1 mutants 830:836 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants 805:836 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 805:854 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 showed no difference in growth but displayed significant reduction in TAG concentration compared with the wild type in response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation. 28588114 12 37 contain have 1890:1893 arg1 GPD2 1795:1798 GPD2 1795:1798 GPD2 1795:1798 These results also suggest that GPD2 and GPD3 GPDH isoforms are important for nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation but have distinct metabolic functions. 28588114 12 37 contain have 1890:1893 arg2 functions 1914:1922 distinct metabolic functions 1895:1922 distinct metabolic functions 1895:1922 These results also suggest that GPD2 and GPD3 GPDH isoforms are important for nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation but have distinct metabolic functions. 28588114 8 38 theme GPD2 1098:1101 arg1 lines 1118:1122 GPD2 overexpression lines 1098:1122 GPD2 overexpression lines 1098:1122 GPD2 overexpression lines showed only subtle metabolic phenotypes and no significant alteration in growth. 28588114 8 39 from phenotypes 1153:1162 arg1 growth 1197:1202 growth 1197:1202 growth 1197:1202 GPD2 overexpression lines showed only subtle metabolic phenotypes and no significant alteration in growth. 28588114 9 40 dep displayed 1244:1252 arg1 inhibited 1268:1276 inhibited 1268:1276 inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type 1268:1407 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 10 41 theme downstream 1582:1591 arg1 pathway 1617:1623 the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway 1578:1623 the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines 1578:1652 This may indicate a block in the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines. 28588114 12 42 theme nutrient 1841:1848 arg1 accumulation 1873:1884 nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation 1841:1884 nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation 1841:1884 These results also suggest that GPD2 and GPD3 GPDH isoforms are important for nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation but have distinct metabolic functions. 28588114 8 43 from alteration 1183:1192 arg1 growth 1197:1202 growth 1197:1202 growth 1197:1202 GPD2 overexpression lines showed only subtle metabolic phenotypes and no significant alteration in growth. 28588114 12 44 theme GPD3 1804:1807 arg1 isoforms 1814:1821 GPD3 GPDH isoforms 1804:1821 GPD3 GPDH isoforms 1804:1821 These results also suggest that GPD2 and GPD3 GPDH isoforms are important for nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation but have distinct metabolic functions. 28588114 11 45 theme GPDH 1682:1685 arg1 modification 1687:1698 GPDH modification 1682:1698 GPDH modification 1682:1698 Thus, lipid engineering by GPDH modification may depend on the activities of other downstream enzyme steps. 28588114 5 46 theme GPD2 659:662 arg1 expression 645:654 Heterologous expression 632:654 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant 632:755 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 9 47 theme phosphatidic 1443:1454 arg1 acids 1456:1460 phosphatidic acids 1443:1460 phosphatidic acids 1443:1460 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 8 48 theme metabolic 1143:1151 arg1 phenotypes 1153:1162 only subtle metabolic phenotypes 1131:1162 only subtle metabolic phenotypes 1131:1162 GPD2 overexpression lines showed only subtle metabolic phenotypes and no significant alteration in growth. 28588114 10 49 theme metabolism 1606:1615 arg1 pathway 1617:1623 the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway 1578:1623 the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines 1578:1652 This may indicate a block in the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines. 28588114 0 50 contain Have 59:62 arg1 Dehydrogenases 25:38 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases 0:38 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases from Chlamydomonas 0:57 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases from Chlamydomonas Have Distinct Roles in Lipid Metabolism. 28588114 0 50 contain Have 59:62 arg2 Roles 73:77 Distinct Roles 64:77 Distinct Roles 64:77 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases from Chlamydomonas Have Distinct Roles in Lipid Metabolism. 28588114 2 51 theme triacylglycerol 300:314 arg1 synthesis 266:274 glycerolipid synthesis 253:274 glycerolipid synthesis 253:274 G3P is an essential precursor for glycerolipid synthesis and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in response to nutrient starvation. 28588114 2 51 theme triacylglycerol 300:314 arg1 accumulation 284:295 the accumulation 280:295 the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in response to nutrient starvation 280:355 G3P is an essential precursor for glycerolipid synthesis and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in response to nutrient starvation. 28588114 1 52 theme eukaryotic 196:205 arg1 microalgae 207:216 eukaryotic microalgae 196:216 eukaryotic microalgae 196:216 The metabolism of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is important for environmental stress responses by eukaryotic microalgae. 28588114 8 53 theme significant 1171:1181 arg1 alteration 1183:1192 no significant alteration 1168:1192 no significant alteration in growth 1168:1202 GPD2 overexpression lines showed only subtle metabolic phenotypes and no significant alteration in growth. 28588114 10 54 theme overexpression 1633:1646 arg1 lines 1648:1652 GPD3 overexpression lines 1628:1652 GPD3 overexpression lines 1628:1652 This may indicate a block in the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines. 28588114 7 55 theme GPD3 1049:1052 arg1 Overexpression 1022:1035 Overexpression 1022:1035 Overexpression of GPD2 and GPD3 in C. reinhardtii 1022:1070 Overexpression of GPD2 and GPD3 in C. reinhardtii gave distinct phenotypes. 28588114 9 56 theme diglycerides 1487:1498 arg1 abundance 1474:1482 reduced abundance 1466:1482 reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids 1466:1546 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 4 57 theme salt 619:622 arg1 stress 624:629 salt stress 619:629 salt stress 619:629 Of the five GPDH enzymes in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, GPD2 and GPD3 were shown to be induced by nutrient starvation and/or salt stress. 28588114 7 58 theme GPD2 1040:1043 arg1 Overexpression 1022:1035 Overexpression 1022:1035 Overexpression of GPD2 and GPD3 in C. reinhardtii 1022:1070 Overexpression of GPD2 and GPD3 in C. reinhardtii gave distinct phenotypes. 28588114 9 59 theme overexpression 1223:1236 arg1 lines 1238:1242 GPD3 overexpression lines 1218:1242 GPD3 overexpression lines 1218:1242 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 2 60 theme glycerolipid 253:264 arg1 synthesis 266:274 glycerolipid synthesis 253:274 glycerolipid synthesis 253:274 G3P is an essential precursor for glycerolipid synthesis and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in response to nutrient starvation. 28588114 9 61 theme triglycerides 1501:1513 arg1 abundance 1474:1482 reduced abundance 1466:1482 reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids 1466:1546 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 6 62 theme TAG 926:928 arg1 concentration 930:942 TAG concentration 926:942 TAG concentration 926:942 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 showed no difference in growth but displayed significant reduction in TAG concentration compared with the wild type in response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation. 28588114 5 63 theme chloroplastic 676:688 arg1 GPDH 690:693 a putative chloroplastic GPDH 665:693 a putative chloroplastic GPDH 665:693 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 9 64 theme lipids 1541:1546 arg1 abundance 1474:1482 reduced abundance 1466:1482 reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids 1466:1546 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 6 65 theme nitrogen 1001:1008 arg1 starvation 1010:1019 nitrogen starvation 1001:1019 nitrogen starvation 1001:1019 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 showed no difference in growth but displayed significant reduction in TAG concentration compared with the wild type in response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation. 28588114 0 66 theme Lipid 82:86 arg1 Metabolism 88:97 Lipid Metabolism 82:97 Lipid Metabolism 82:97 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases from Chlamydomonas Have Distinct Roles in Lipid Metabolism. 28588114 3 67 theme G3P 358:360 arg1 GPDH 377:380 GPDH 377:380 GPDH 377:380 G3P dehydrogenase (GPDH) mediates G3P synthesis, but the roles of specific GPDH isoforms are currently poorly understood. 28588114 3 67 theme G3P 358:360 arg1 dehydrogenase 362:374 G3P dehydrogenase 358:374 G3P dehydrogenase (GPDH) 358:381 G3P dehydrogenase (GPDH) mediates G3P synthesis, but the roles of specific GPDH isoforms are currently poorly understood. 28588114 12 68 theme metabolic 1904:1912 arg1 functions 1914:1922 distinct metabolic functions 1895:1922 distinct metabolic functions 1895:1922 These results also suggest that GPD2 and GPD3 GPDH isoforms are important for nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation but have distinct metabolic functions. 28588114 1 69 theme environmental 162:174 arg1 responses 183:191 environmental stress responses 162:191 environmental stress responses by eukaryotic microalgae 162:216 The metabolism of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is important for environmental stress responses by eukaryotic microalgae. 28588114 4 70 theme model 512:516 arg1 reinhardtii 537:547 the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 508:547 the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 508:547 Of the five GPDH enzymes in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, GPD2 and GPD3 were shown to be induced by nutrient starvation and/or salt stress. 28588114 6 71 theme C. 805:806 arg1 mutants 830:836 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants 805:836 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 805:854 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 showed no difference in growth but displayed significant reduction in TAG concentration compared with the wild type in response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation. 28588114 9 72 theme reduced 1316:1322 arg1 concentration 1333:1345 reduced glycerol concentration 1316:1345 reduced glycerol concentration 1316:1345 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 5 73 theme cytosolic 717:725 arg1 GPDH 727:730 a putative cytosolic GPDH 706:730 a putative cytosolic GPDH 706:730 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 5 73 theme cytosolic 717:725 arg1 GPD3 700:703 GPD3 700:703 GPD3 700:703 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 4 74 theme GPDH 492:495 arg1 enzymes 497:503 the five GPDH enzymes 483:503 the five GPDH enzymes in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 483:547 Of the five GPDH enzymes in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, GPD2 and GPD3 were shown to be induced by nutrient starvation and/or salt stress. 28588114 0 75 theme Glycerol-3-Phosphate 4:23 arg1 Dehydrogenases 25:38 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases 0:38 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases from Chlamydomonas 0:57 Two Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases from Chlamydomonas Have Distinct Roles in Lipid Metabolism. 28588114 5 76 theme GPD3 700:703 arg1 expression 645:654 Heterologous expression 632:654 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant 632:755 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 3 77 theme GPDH 433:436 arg1 isoforms 438:445 specific GPDH isoforms 424:445 specific GPDH isoforms 424:445 G3P dehydrogenase (GPDH) mediates G3P synthesis, but the roles of specific GPDH isoforms are currently poorly understood. 28588114 2 78 from synthesis 266:274 arg1 response 325:332 response 325:332 response to nutrient starvation 325:355 G3P is an essential precursor for glycerolipid synthesis and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in response to nutrient starvation. 28588114 3 79 theme G3P 392:394 arg1 synthesis 396:404 G3P synthesis 392:404 G3P synthesis 392:404 G3P dehydrogenase (GPDH) mediates G3P synthesis, but the roles of specific GPDH isoforms are currently poorly understood. 28588114 11 80 theme downstream 1738:1747 arg1 steps 1756:1760 other downstream enzyme steps 1732:1760 other downstream enzyme steps 1732:1760 Thus, lipid engineering by GPDH modification may depend on the activities of other downstream enzyme steps. 28588114 5 81 theme gpd1Δ 744:748 arg1 mutant 750:755 a yeast gpd1Δ mutant 736:755 a yeast gpd1Δ mutant 736:755 Heterologous expression of GPD2, a putative chloroplastic GPDH, and GPD3, a putative cytosolic GPDH, in a yeast gpd1Δ mutant demonstrated the functionality of both enzymes. 28588114 10 82 from block 1569:1573 arg1 pathway 1617:1623 the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway 1578:1623 the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines 1578:1652 This may indicate a block in the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines. 28588114 4 83 theme Chlamydomonas 523:535 arg1 reinhardtii 537:547 the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 508:547 the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 508:547 Of the five GPDH enzymes in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, GPD2 and GPD3 were shown to be induced by nutrient starvation and/or salt stress. 28588114 12 84 theme distinct 1895:1902 arg1 functions 1914:1922 distinct metabolic functions 1895:1922 distinct metabolic functions 1895:1922 These results also suggest that GPD2 and GPD3 GPDH isoforms are important for nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation but have distinct metabolic functions. 28588114 12 85 theme starvation-induced 1850:1867 arg1 accumulation 1873:1884 nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation 1841:1884 nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation 1841:1884 These results also suggest that GPD2 and GPD3 GPDH isoforms are important for nutrient starvation-induced TAG accumulation but have distinct metabolic functions. 28588114 9 86 theme wild 1399:1402 arg1 type 1404:1407 the wild type 1395:1407 the wild type 1395:1407 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 28588114 8 87 theme overexpression 1103:1116 arg1 lines 1118:1122 GPD2 overexpression lines 1098:1122 GPD2 overexpression lines 1098:1122 GPD2 overexpression lines showed only subtle metabolic phenotypes and no significant alteration in growth. 28588114 6 88 theme reinhardtii 808:818 arg1 mutants 830:836 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants 805:836 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 805:854 C. reinhardtii knockdown mutants for GPD2 and GPD3 showed no difference in growth but displayed significant reduction in TAG concentration compared with the wild type in response to phosphorus or nitrogen starvation. 28588114 4 89 theme nutrient 592:599 arg1 starvation 601:610 nutrient starvation 592:610 nutrient starvation 592:610 Of the five GPDH enzymes in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, GPD2 and GPD3 were shown to be induced by nutrient starvation and/or salt stress. 28588114 11 90 theme steps 1756:1760 arg1 activities 1718:1727 the activities 1714:1727 the activities of other downstream enzyme steps 1714:1760 Thus, lipid engineering by GPDH modification may depend on the activities of other downstream enzyme steps. 28588114 11 91 theme lipid 1661:1665 arg1 engineering 1667:1677 lipid engineering 1661:1677 lipid engineering by GPDH modification 1661:1698 Thus, lipid engineering by GPDH modification may depend on the activities of other downstream enzyme steps. 28588114 2 92 theme nutrient 337:344 arg1 starvation 346:355 nutrient starvation 337:355 nutrient starvation 337:355 G3P is an essential precursor for glycerolipid synthesis and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in response to nutrient starvation. 28588114 10 93 from pathway 1617:1623 arg1 lines 1648:1652 GPD3 overexpression lines 1628:1652 GPD3 overexpression lines 1628:1652 This may indicate a block in the downstream glycerolipid metabolism pathway in GPD3 overexpression lines. 28588114 7 94 from Overexpression 1022:1035 arg1 reinhardtii 1060:1070 C. reinhardtii 1057:1070 C. reinhardtii 1057:1070 Overexpression of GPD2 and GPD3 in C. reinhardtii gave distinct phenotypes. 28588114 9 95 theme increased 1420:1428 arg1 abundance 1430:1438 increased abundance 1420:1438 increased abundance of phosphatidic acids 1420:1460 In contrast, GPD3 overexpression lines displayed significantly inhibited growth and chlorophyll concentration, reduced glycerol concentration, and changes to lipid composition compared with the wild type, including increased abundance of phosphatidic acids but reduced abundance of diglycerides, triglycerides, and phosphatidylglycerol lipids. 26343629 2 0 theme anti-inflammatory 491:507 arg1 potential 509:517 anti-inflammatory potential 491:517 anti-inflammatory potential 491:517 Nowadays, it is well known that inflammatory processes are involved in many diseases and the interest in the search for marine natural products with anti-inflammatory potential has been increasing. 26343629 2 1 from interest 435:442 arg1 search 451:456 the search 447:456 the search for marine natural products with anti-inflammatory potential 447:517 Nowadays, it is well known that inflammatory processes are involved in many diseases and the interest in the search for marine natural products with anti-inflammatory potential has been increasing. 26343629 10 2 from potential 1397:1405 arg1 cells 1420:1424 RAW 264.7 cells 1410:1424 RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide 1410:1459 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 5 3 theme nutrient 875:882 arg1 absorption 884:893 nutrient absorption 875:893 nutrient absorption 875:893 In these marine organisms, most of the digestion and nutrient absorption occurs in the digestive gland. 26343629 1 4 theme compounds 254:262 arg1 isolation 264:272 compounds isolation 254:272 compounds isolation 254:272 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 4 5 located found 726:730 arg1 Sea 753:755 the Mediterranean Sea 735:755 the Mediterranean Sea 735:755 Aplysia depilans Gmelin is usually found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean, from West Africa to the French coast. 26343629 4 5 located found 726:730 arg2 Gmelin 708:713 Aplysia depilans Gmelin 691:713 Aplysia depilans Gmelin 691:713 Aplysia depilans Gmelin is usually found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean, from West Africa to the French coast. 26343629 11 6 theme nutraceuticals 1751:1764 arg1 source 1741:1746 a good source 1734:1746 a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA 1734:1859 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 11 6 theme nutraceuticals 1751:1764 arg1 gland 1721:1725 A. depilans digestive gland 1699:1725 A. depilans digestive gland 1699:1725 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 7 7 theme fatty 1063:1067 arg1 acids 1069:1073 fatty acids 1063:1073 fatty acids 1063:1073 Therefore, fatty acids and carotenoids were determined by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD, respectively. 26343629 8 8 theme fatty 1155:1159 arg1 acids 1161:1165 Twenty-two fatty acids 1144:1165 Twenty-two fatty acids 1144:1165 Twenty-two fatty acids and eight carotenoids were identified for the first time in this species. 26343629 10 9 contain has 1495:1497 arg1 matrix 1488:1493 this matrix 1483:1493 this matrix 1483:1493 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 10 9 contain has 1495:1497 arg2 capacity 1499:1506 capacity 1499:1506 capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels 1499:1558 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 6 10 theme extract 1010:1016 arg1 bioactivity 982:992 bioactivity 982:992 bioactivity 982:992 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 6 10 theme extract 1010:1016 arg1 composition 966:976 chemical composition 957:976 chemical composition 957:976 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 3 11 dep class 573:577 arg1 Gastropoda 579:588 Gastropoda 579:588 Gastropoda 579:588 The genus Aplysia belongs to the class Gastropoda, having a wide geographical distribution and including several species, commonly known as sea hares. 26343629 3 11 dep class 573:577 arg1 having 591:596 having 591:596 having a wide geographical distribution 591:629 The genus Aplysia belongs to the class Gastropoda, having a wide geographical distribution and including several species, commonly known as sea hares. 26343629 3 11 dep class 573:577 arg1 including 635:643 including 635:643 including several species 635:659 The genus Aplysia belongs to the class Gastropoda, having a wide geographical distribution and including several species, commonly known as sea hares. 26343629 6 12 from gland 1045:1049 arg1 bioactivity 982:992 bioactivity 982:992 bioactivity 982:992 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 6 12 from gland 1045:1049 arg1 composition 966:976 chemical composition 957:976 chemical composition 957:976 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 6 12 from gland 1045:1049 arg1 extract 1010:1016 the methanol extract 997:1016 the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland 997:1049 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 4 13 theme Atlantic 768:775 arg1 Ocean 777:781 the Atlantic Ocean 764:781 the Atlantic Ocean 764:781 Aplysia depilans Gmelin is usually found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean, from West Africa to the French coast. 26343629 10 14 dep has 1495:1497 arg1 suggests 1567:1574 suggests 1567:1574 suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase 1567:1654 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 5 15 theme digestive 909:917 arg1 gland 919:923 the digestive gland 905:923 the digestive gland 905:923 In these marine organisms, most of the digestion and nutrient absorption occurs in the digestive gland. 26343629 10 16 theme L-citrulline 1540:1551 arg1 levels 1553:1558 nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels 1518:1558 nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels 1518:1558 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 10 17 theme RAW 1410:1412 arg1 cells 1420:1424 RAW 264.7 cells 1410:1424 RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide 1410:1459 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 6 18 from composition 966:976 arg1 gland 1045:1049 A. depilans digestive gland 1023:1049 A. depilans digestive gland 1023:1049 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 6 19 theme depilans 1026:1033 arg1 gland 1045:1049 A. depilans digestive gland 1023:1049 A. depilans digestive gland 1023:1049 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 3 20 theme genus 544:548 arg1 Aplysia 550:556 The genus Aplysia 540:556 The genus Aplysia 540:556 The genus Aplysia belongs to the class Gastropoda, having a wide geographical distribution and including several species, commonly known as sea hares. 26343629 10 21 theme nitric 1634:1639 arg1 synthase 1647:1654 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1624:1654 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1624:1654 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 6 22 theme chemical 957:964 arg1 composition 966:976 chemical composition 957:976 chemical composition 957:976 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 0 23 from Gmelin 38:43 arg1 Gland 10:14 Digestive Gland 0:14 Digestive Gland from Aplysia depilans Gmelin: 0:44 Digestive Gland from Aplysia depilans Gmelin: Leads for Inflammation Treatment. 26343629 9 24 dep A. 1245:1246 arg1 depilans 1248:1255 depilans 1248:1255 depilans 1248:1255 The A. depilans digestive gland revealed to be essentially composed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and xanthophylls. 26343629 6 25 theme methanol 1001:1008 arg1 extract 1010:1016 the methanol extract 997:1016 the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland 997:1049 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 1 26 theme important 180:188 arg1 prototypes 199:208 important chemical prototypes 180:208 important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application 180:339 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 10 27 theme oxide 1525:1529 arg1 levels 1553:1558 nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels 1518:1558 nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels 1518:1558 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 6 28 from bioactivity 982:992 arg1 gland 1045:1049 A. depilans digestive gland 1023:1049 A. depilans digestive gland 1023:1049 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 1 29 with compounds 303:311 arg1 application 329:339 biomedical application 318:339 biomedical application 318:339 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 1 30 theme chemical 190:197 arg1 prototypes 199:208 important chemical prototypes 180:208 important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application 180:339 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 0 31 theme Digestive 0:8 arg1 Gland 10:14 Digestive Gland 0:14 Digestive Gland from Aplysia depilans Gmelin: 0:44 Digestive Gland from Aplysia depilans Gmelin: Leads for Inflammation Treatment. 26343629 9 32 theme polyunsaturated 1312:1326 arg1 acids 1334:1338 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1312:1338 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 1312:1345 The A. depilans digestive gland revealed to be essentially composed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and xanthophylls. 26343629 9 32 theme polyunsaturated 1312:1326 arg1 PUFA 1341:1344 PUFA 1341:1344 PUFA 1341:1344 The A. depilans digestive gland revealed to be essentially composed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and xanthophylls. 26343629 10 33 with interference 1606:1617 arg1 synthase 1647:1654 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1624:1654 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1624:1654 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 4 34 theme Mediterranean 739:751 arg1 Sea 753:755 the Mediterranean Sea 735:755 the Mediterranean Sea 735:755 Aplysia depilans Gmelin is usually found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean, from West Africa to the French coast. 26343629 11 35 from richness 1780:1787 arg1 nutrients 1810:1818 health beneficial nutrients 1792:1818 health beneficial nutrients 1792:1818 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 0 36 theme Aplysia 21:27 arg1 Gmelin 38:43 Aplysia depilans Gmelin: 21:44 Aplysia depilans Gmelin: 21:44 Digestive Gland from Aplysia depilans Gmelin: Leads for Inflammation Treatment. 26343629 1 37 theme new 291:293 arg1 compounds 303:311 new related compounds 291:311 new related compounds with biomedical application 291:339 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 10 38 theme anti-inflammatory 1379:1395 arg1 potential 1397:1405 the anti-inflammatory potential 1375:1405 the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide 1375:1459 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 6 39 theme digestive 1035:1043 arg1 gland 1045:1049 A. depilans digestive gland 1023:1049 A. depilans digestive gland 1023:1049 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 1 40 theme related 295:301 arg1 compounds 303:311 new related compounds 291:311 new related compounds with biomedical application 291:339 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 11 41 theme due 1767:1769 arg1 carotenoids 1829:1839 carotenoids 1829:1839 carotenoids 1829:1839 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 11 41 theme due 1767:1769 arg1 nutraceuticals 1751:1764 nutraceuticals 1751:1764 nutraceuticals 1751:1764 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 11 41 theme due 1767:1769 arg1 PUFA 1856:1859 long-chain PUFA 1845:1859 long-chain PUFA 1845:1859 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 1 42 theme marine 100:105 arg1 organisms 107:115 marine organisms 100:115 marine organisms 100:115 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 4 43 theme depilans 699:706 arg1 Gmelin 708:713 Aplysia depilans Gmelin 691:713 Aplysia depilans Gmelin 691:713 Aplysia depilans Gmelin is usually found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean, from West Africa to the French coast. 26343629 1 44 theme compounds 303:311 arg1 isolation 264:272 compounds isolation 254:272 compounds isolation 254:272 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 1 44 theme compounds 303:311 arg1 syntheses 278:286 syntheses 278:286 syntheses 278:286 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 6 45 theme A. 1023:1024 arg1 gland 1045:1049 A. depilans digestive gland 1023:1049 A. depilans digestive gland 1023:1049 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 3 46 theme wide 600:603 arg1 distribution 618:629 a wide geographical distribution 598:629 a wide geographical distribution 598:629 The genus Aplysia belongs to the class Gastropoda, having a wide geographical distribution and including several species, commonly known as sea hares. 26343629 11 47 theme long-chain 1845:1854 arg1 PUFA 1856:1859 long-chain PUFA 1845:1859 long-chain PUFA 1845:1859 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 5 48 theme marine 831:836 arg1 organisms 838:846 these marine organisms 825:846 these marine organisms 825:846 In these marine organisms, most of the digestion and nutrient absorption occurs in the digestive gland. 26343629 2 49 theme natural 469:475 arg1 products 477:484 marine natural products 462:484 marine natural products with anti-inflammatory potential 462:517 Nowadays, it is well known that inflammatory processes are involved in many diseases and the interest in the search for marine natural products with anti-inflammatory potential has been increasing. 26343629 3 50 theme geographical 605:616 arg1 distribution 618:629 a wide geographical distribution 598:629 a wide geographical distribution 598:629 The genus Aplysia belongs to the class Gastropoda, having a wide geographical distribution and including several species, commonly known as sea hares. 26343629 2 51 theme many 413:416 arg1 diseases 418:425 many diseases 413:425 many diseases 413:425 Nowadays, it is well known that inflammatory processes are involved in many diseases and the interest in the search for marine natural products with anti-inflammatory potential has been increasing. 26343629 2 52 theme marine 462:467 arg1 products 477:484 marine natural products 462:484 marine natural products with anti-inflammatory potential 462:517 Nowadays, it is well known that inflammatory processes are involved in many diseases and the interest in the search for marine natural products with anti-inflammatory potential has been increasing. 26343629 1 53 theme biomedical 318:327 arg1 application 329:339 biomedical application 318:339 biomedical application 318:339 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 10 54 theme nitric 1518:1523 arg1 NO 1532:1533 NO 1532:1533 NO 1532:1533 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 10 54 theme nitric 1518:1523 arg1 oxide 1525:1529 nitric oxide 1518:1529 nitric oxide (NO) 1518:1534 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 9 55 theme fatty 1328:1332 arg1 acids 1334:1338 polyunsaturated fatty acids 1312:1338 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 1312:1345 The A. depilans digestive gland revealed to be essentially composed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and xanthophylls. 26343629 9 55 theme fatty 1328:1332 arg1 PUFA 1341:1344 PUFA 1341:1344 PUFA 1341:1344 The A. depilans digestive gland revealed to be essentially composed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and xanthophylls. 26343629 1 56 theme organisms 107:115 arg1 exploitation 84:95 The exploitation 80:95 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes 80:165 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 11 57 theme good 1736:1739 arg1 source 1741:1746 a good source 1734:1746 a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA 1734:1859 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 11 57 theme good 1736:1739 arg1 gland 1721:1725 A. depilans digestive gland 1699:1725 A. depilans digestive gland 1699:1725 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 9 58 theme digestive 1257:1265 arg1 gland 1267:1271 The A. depilans digestive gland 1241:1271 The A. depilans digestive gland 1241:1271 The A. depilans digestive gland revealed to be essentially composed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and xanthophylls. 26343629 11 59 theme A. 1699:1700 arg1 source 1741:1746 a good source 1734:1746 a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA 1734:1859 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 11 59 theme A. 1699:1700 arg1 gland 1721:1725 A. depilans digestive gland 1699:1725 A. depilans digestive gland 1699:1725 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 11 60 theme depilans 1702:1709 arg1 source 1741:1746 a good source 1734:1746 a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA 1734:1859 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 11 60 theme depilans 1702:1709 arg1 gland 1721:1725 A. depilans digestive gland 1699:1725 A. depilans digestive gland 1699:1725 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 0 61 dep Aplysia 21:27 arg1 depilans 29:36 depilans 29:36 depilans 29:36 Digestive Gland from Aplysia depilans Gmelin: Leads for Inflammation Treatment. 26343629 4 62 theme Aplysia 691:697 arg1 Gmelin 708:713 Aplysia depilans Gmelin 691:713 Aplysia depilans Gmelin 691:713 Aplysia depilans Gmelin is usually found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean, from West Africa to the French coast. 26343629 1 63 theme human 121:125 arg1 purposes 158:165 human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes 121:165 human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes 121:165 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 1 64 theme new 231:233 arg1 drugs 235:239 new drugs 231:239 new drugs 231:239 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 9 65 theme A. 1245:1246 arg1 gland 1267:1271 The A. depilans digestive gland 1241:1271 The A. depilans digestive gland 1241:1271 The A. depilans digestive gland revealed to be essentially composed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and xanthophylls. 26343629 3 66 theme several 645:651 arg1 species 653:659 several species 645:659 several species 645:659 The genus Aplysia belongs to the class Gastropoda, having a wide geographical distribution and including several species, commonly known as sea hares. 26343629 10 67 theme oxide 1641:1645 arg1 synthase 1647:1654 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1624:1654 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1624:1654 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 1 68 theme nutritional 127:137 arg1 purposes 158:165 human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes 121:165 human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes 121:165 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 1 69 theme drugs 235:239 arg1 discovery 218:226 the discovery 214:226 the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application 214:339 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 0 70 theme Inflammation 56:67 arg1 Treatment 69:77 Inflammation Treatment 56:77 Inflammation Treatment 56:77 Digestive Gland from Aplysia depilans Gmelin: Leads for Inflammation Treatment. 26343629 3 71 theme sea 680:682 arg1 hares 684:688 sea hares 680:688 sea hares 680:688 The genus Aplysia belongs to the class Gastropoda, having a wide geographical distribution and including several species, commonly known as sea hares. 26343629 2 72 theme inflammatory 374:385 arg1 processes 387:395 inflammatory processes 374:395 inflammatory processes 374:395 Nowadays, it is well known that inflammatory processes are involved in many diseases and the interest in the search for marine natural products with anti-inflammatory potential has been increasing. 26343629 10 73 theme inducible 1624:1632 arg1 synthase 1647:1654 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1624:1654 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1624:1654 Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, it was observed that this matrix has capacity to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline levels, which suggests that its compounds may act by interference with inducible nitric oxide synthase. 26343629 11 74 theme digestive 1711:1719 arg1 source 1741:1746 a good source 1734:1746 a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA 1734:1859 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 11 74 theme digestive 1711:1719 arg1 gland 1721:1725 A. depilans digestive gland 1699:1725 A. depilans digestive gland 1699:1725 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 8 75 theme first 1213:1217 arg1 time 1219:1222 the first time 1209:1222 the first time 1209:1222 Twenty-two fatty acids and eight carotenoids were identified for the first time in this species. 26343629 6 76 dep composition 966:976 arg1 the 953:955 the 953:955 the 953:955 This work aimed to explore the chemical composition and bioactivity of the methanol extract from A. depilans digestive gland. 26343629 2 77 with products 477:484 arg1 potential 509:517 anti-inflammatory potential 491:517 anti-inflammatory potential 491:517 Nowadays, it is well known that inflammatory processes are involved in many diseases and the interest in the search for marine natural products with anti-inflammatory potential has been increasing. 26343629 1 78 theme pharmaceutical 143:156 arg1 purposes 158:165 human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes 121:165 human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes 121:165 The exploitation of marine organisms for human nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has revealed important chemical prototypes for the discovery of new drugs, stimulating compounds isolation and syntheses of new related compounds with biomedical application. 26343629 11 79 theme beneficial 1799:1808 arg1 nutrients 1810:1818 health beneficial nutrients 1792:1818 health beneficial nutrients 1792:1818 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 26343629 11 80 theme health 1792:1797 arg1 nutrients 1810:1818 health beneficial nutrients 1792:1818 health beneficial nutrients 1792:1818 Taking into account the results obtained, A. depilans digestive gland may be a good source of nutraceuticals, due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients, such as carotenoids and long-chain PUFA. 25609678 12 0 theme rRNA 1128:1131 arg1 sequence 1138:1145 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1120:1145 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1120:1145 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 4 1 theme carbon 514:519 arg1 glucose 451:457 glucose 451:457 glucose 451:457 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 1 theme carbon 514:519 arg1 trehalose 479:487 trehalose 479:487 trehalose 479:487 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 1 theme carbon 514:519 arg1 source 521:526 the sole carbon source 505:526 the sole carbon source 505:526 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 1 theme carbon 514:519 arg1 sorbitol 493:500 sorbitol 493:500 sorbitol 493:500 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 1 theme carbon 514:519 arg1 fructose 460:467 fructose 460:467 fructose 460:467 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 1 theme carbon 514:519 arg1 maltose 470:476 maltose 470:476 maltose 470:476 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 16 2 dep LAM201 1730:1735 arg1  = JCM 1757:1762  = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607 1741:1768  = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T) 1741:1771 The type strain is LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)). 25609678 16 2 dep LAM201 1730:1735 arg1 T 1770:1770 T 1770:1770 T 1770:1770 The type strain is LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)). 25609678 2 3 theme alkaline-saline 265:279 arg1 lake 281:284 an alkaline-saline lake 262:284 an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China 262:334 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 12 4 theme sequence 1138:1145 arg1 Analysis 1108:1115 Analysis 1108:1115 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1108:1145 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 2 5 theme Gram-stain-positive 132:150 arg1 bacterium 189:197 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium 130:197 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium 130:197 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 11 6 theme T 1095:1095 arg1 method 1100:1105 the T(m) method 1091:1105 the T(m) method 1091:1105 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32±0.8 mol%, as determined by the T(m) method. 25609678 5 7 theme iso-butanoic 551:562 arg1 acid 585:588 iso-valeric acid 573:588 iso-valeric acid 573:588 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 7 theme iso-butanoic 551:562 arg1 products 604:611 the main products 595:611 the main products of glucose fermentation 595:635 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 7 theme iso-butanoic 551:562 arg1 ethanol 542:548 ethanol 542:548 ethanol 542:548 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 7 theme iso-butanoic 551:562 arg1 acid 564:567 iso-butanoic acid 551:567 iso-butanoic acid 551:567 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 7 theme iso-butanoic 551:562 arg1 acid 536:539 Acetic acid 529:539 Acetic acid 529:539 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 8 8 theme predominant 807:817 arg1 ribose 841:846 ribose 841:846 ribose 841:846 The predominant cell-wall sugars were ribose and galactose. 25609678 8 8 theme predominant 807:817 arg1 sugars 829:834 The predominant cell-wall sugars 803:834 The predominant cell-wall sugars 803:834 The predominant cell-wall sugars were ribose and galactose. 25609678 16 9 theme 00717 1749:1753 arg1  = JCM 1757:1762  = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607 1741:1768  = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T) 1741:1771 The type strain is LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)). 25609678 16 9 theme 00717 1749:1753 arg1 T 1770:1770 T 1770:1770 T 1770:1770 The type strain is LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)). 25609678 5 10 theme glucose 616:622 arg1 fermentation 624:635 glucose fermentation 616:635 glucose fermentation 616:635 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 2 11 theme located 286:292 arg1 lake 281:284 an alkaline-saline lake 262:284 an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China 262:334 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 1 12 theme genus 112:116 arg1 Romboutsia 118:127 the genus Romboutsia 108:127 the genus Romboutsia 108:127 nov., isolated from an alkaline-saline lake sediment and emended description of the genus Romboutsia. 25609678 16 13 theme T 1755:1755 arg1  = JCM 1757:1762  = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607 1741:1768  = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T) 1741:1771 The type strain is LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)). 25609678 16 13 theme T 1755:1755 arg1 T 1770:1770 T 1770:1770 T 1770:1770 The type strain is LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)). 25609678 14 14 theme chemotaxonomic 1525:1538 arg1 characteristics 1540:1554 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1492:1554 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1492:1554 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 12 15 theme ilealis 1291:1297 arg1 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 12 15 theme ilealis 1291:1297 arg1 CRIB 1299:1302 Romboutsia ilealis CRIB 1280:1302 Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) 1280:1305 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 4 16 theme Strain 414:419 arg1 T 428:428 T 428:428 T 428:428 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 16 theme Strain 414:419 arg1 LAM201 421:426 Strain LAM201 414:426 Strain LAM201(T) 414:429 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 14 17 theme phylogenetic 1508:1519 arg1 characteristics 1540:1554 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1492:1554 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1492:1554 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 2 18 theme sediment 240:247 arg1 samples 249:255 sediment samples 240:255 sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China 240:334 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 7 19 theme unknown 780:786 arg1 phospholipids 788:800 five unknown phospholipids 775:800 five unknown phospholipids 775:800 The main polar lipids were four unknown glycolipids and five unknown phospholipids. 25609678 14 20 theme phenotypic 1496:1505 arg1 characteristics 1540:1554 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1492:1554 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1492:1554 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 2 21 from lake 281:284 arg1 samples 249:255 sediment samples 240:255 sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China 240:334 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 10 22 theme electron 1003:1010 arg1 sulfite 979:985 Sodium sulfite 972:985 Sodium sulfite 972:985 Sodium sulfite was used as the electron acceptor. 25609678 10 22 theme electron 1003:1010 arg1 acceptor 1012:1019 the electron acceptor 999:1019 the electron acceptor 999:1019 Sodium sulfite was used as the electron acceptor. 25609678 12 23 with related 1228:1234 arg1 similarities 1328:1339 97.3% and 97.2% similarities 1312:1339 97.3% and 97.2% similarities 1312:1339 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 16 24 theme type 1715:1718 arg1 strain 1720:1725 The type strain 1711:1725 The type strain 1711:1725 The type strain is LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)). 25609678 16 24 theme type 1715:1718 arg1 LAM201 1730:1735 LAM201 1730:1735 LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)) 1730:1772 The type strain is LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)). 25609678 7 25 theme unknown 751:757 arg1 lipids 734:739 The main polar lipids 719:739 The main polar lipids 719:739 The main polar lipids were four unknown glycolipids and five unknown phospholipids. 25609678 7 25 theme unknown 751:757 arg1 glycolipids 759:769 four unknown glycolipids 746:769 four unknown glycolipids 746:769 The main polar lipids were four unknown glycolipids and five unknown phospholipids. 25609678 12 26 theme lituseburensis 1250:1263 arg1 DSM 1265:1267 Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797 1239:1271 Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) 1239:1274 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 12 26 theme lituseburensis 1250:1263 arg1 T 1273:1273 T 1273:1273 T 1273:1273 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 11 27 theme genomic 1045:1051 arg1 DNA 1053:1055 the genomic DNA 1041:1055 the genomic DNA 1041:1055 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32±0.8 mol%, as determined by the T(m) method. 25609678 9 28 theme cell-wall 867:875 arg1 peptidoglycan 877:889 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 863:889 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) 863:909 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 9 29 contain contained 911:919 arg2 acid 966:969 aspartic acid 957:969 aspartic acid 957:969 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 9 29 contain contained 911:919 arg1 peptidoglycan 877:889 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 863:889 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) 863:909 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 9 29 contain contained 911:919 arg2 glycine 930:936 glycine 930:936 glycine 930:936 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 9 29 contain contained 911:919 arg2 acid 948:951 glutamic acid 939:951 glutamic acid 939:951 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 9 29 contain contained 911:919 arg2 alanine 921:927 alanine 921:927 alanine 921:927 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 5 30 theme Acetic 529:534 arg1 acid 585:588 iso-valeric acid 573:588 iso-valeric acid 573:588 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 30 theme Acetic 529:534 arg1 products 604:611 the main products 595:611 the main products of glucose fermentation 595:635 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 30 theme Acetic 529:534 arg1 ethanol 542:548 ethanol 542:548 ethanol 542:548 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 30 theme Acetic 529:534 arg1 acid 564:567 iso-butanoic acid 551:567 iso-butanoic acid 551:567 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 30 theme Acetic 529:534 arg1 acid 536:539 Acetic acid 529:539 Acetic acid 529:539 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 1 31 theme alkaline-saline 51:65 arg1 sediment 72:79 an alkaline-saline lake sediment 48:79 an alkaline-saline lake sediment 48:79 nov., isolated from an alkaline-saline lake sediment and emended description of the genus Romboutsia. 25609678 13 32 theme DNA-DNA 1360:1366 arg1 values 1382:1387 The DNA-DNA hybridization values 1356:1387 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM201(T) and the two reference strains 1356:1442 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM201(T) and the two reference strains were 37% and 31%, respectively. 25609678 13 32 theme DNA-DNA 1360:1366 arg1 % 1451:1451 37% 1449:1451 37% 1449:1451 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM201(T) and the two reference strains were 37% and 31%, respectively. 25609678 14 33 dep characteristics 1540:1554 arg1 the 1479:1481 the 1479:1481 the 1479:1481 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 14 33 dep characteristics 1540:1554 arg1 basis 1483:1487 basis 1483:1487 basis 1483:1487 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 7 34 theme polar 728:732 arg1 lipids 734:739 The main polar lipids 719:739 The main polar lipids 719:739 The main polar lipids were four unknown glycolipids and five unknown phospholipids. 25609678 7 34 theme polar 728:732 arg1 glycolipids 759:769 four unknown glycolipids 746:769 four unknown glycolipids 746:769 The main polar lipids were four unknown glycolipids and five unknown phospholipids. 25609678 3 35 theme LAM201 353:358 arg1 Cells 337:341 Cells 337:341 Cells of strain LAM201(T) 337:361 Cells of strain LAM201(T) were non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes. 25609678 11 36 theme mol 1068:1070 arg1 % 1071:1071 32±0.8 mol% 1061:1071 32±0.8 mol% 1061:1071 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32±0.8 mol%, as determined by the T(m) method. 25609678 11 36 theme mol 1068:1070 arg1 content 1030:1036 The G+C content 1022:1036 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1022:1055 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32±0.8 mol%, as determined by the T(m) method. 25609678 9 37 theme LAM201 901:906 arg1 peptidoglycan 877:889 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 863:889 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) 863:909 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 0 38 theme Romboutsia 0:9 arg1 sp 24:25 Romboutsia sedimentorum sp 0:25 Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 0:26 Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 1 39 theme emended 85:91 arg1 description 93:103 emended description 85:103 emended description of the genus Romboutsia 85:127 nov., isolated from an alkaline-saline lake sediment and emended description of the genus Romboutsia. 25609678 12 40 theme Romboutsia 1239:1248 arg1 DSM 1265:1267 Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797 1239:1271 Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) 1239:1274 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 12 40 theme Romboutsia 1239:1248 arg1 T 1273:1273 T 1273:1273 T 1273:1273 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 2 41 attach isolated 226:233 arg2 bacterium 189:197 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium 130:197 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium 130:197 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 2 41 attach isolated 226:233 arg1 samples 249:255 sediment samples 240:255 sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China 240:334 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 14 42 theme sedimentorum 1676:1687 arg1 sp 1689:1690 the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp 1656:1690 the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp 1656:1690 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 6 43 theme fatty 648:652 arg1 C 678:678 C(16 : 0) 678:686 C(16 : 0) (26.7%) 678:694 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) were C(16 : 0) (26.7%) and C(18 : 0) (11.2%). 25609678 6 43 theme fatty 648:652 arg1 acids 654:658 The major fatty acids 638:658 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) 638:671 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) were C(16 : 0) (26.7%) and C(18 : 0) (11.2%). 25609678 13 44 theme reference 1426:1434 arg1 strains 1436:1442 the two reference strains 1418:1442 the two reference strains 1418:1442 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM201(T) and the two reference strains were 37% and 31%, respectively. 25609678 10 45 used used 991:994 arg2 sulfite 979:985 Sodium sulfite 972:985 Sodium sulfite 972:985 Sodium sulfite was used as the electron acceptor. 25609678 10 45 used used 991:994 arg2 acceptor 1012:1019 the electron acceptor 999:1019 the electron acceptor 999:1019 Sodium sulfite was used as the electron acceptor. 25609678 9 46 theme aspartic 957:964 arg1 acid 966:969 aspartic acid 957:969 aspartic acid 957:969 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 12 47 theme genus 1190:1194 arg1 Romboutsia 1196:1205 the genus Romboutsia 1186:1205 the genus Romboutsia 1186:1205 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 5 48 theme iso-valeric 573:583 arg1 products 604:611 the main products 595:611 the main products of glucose fermentation 595:635 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 48 theme iso-valeric 573:583 arg1 acid 536:539 Acetic acid 529:539 Acetic acid 529:539 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 48 theme iso-valeric 573:583 arg1 ethanol 542:548 ethanol 542:548 ethanol 542:548 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 48 theme iso-valeric 573:583 arg1 acid 564:567 iso-butanoic acid 551:567 iso-butanoic acid 551:567 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 48 theme iso-valeric 573:583 arg1 acid 585:588 iso-valeric acid 573:588 iso-valeric acid 573:588 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 12 49 theme 16S 1124:1126 arg1 rRNA 1128:1131 the 16S rRNA 1120:1131 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1120:1145 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 4 50 theme sole 509:512 arg1 glucose 451:457 glucose 451:457 glucose 451:457 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 50 theme sole 509:512 arg1 trehalose 479:487 trehalose 479:487 trehalose 479:487 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 50 theme sole 509:512 arg1 source 521:526 the sole carbon source 505:526 the sole carbon source 505:526 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 50 theme sole 509:512 arg1 sorbitol 493:500 sorbitol 493:500 sorbitol 493:500 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 50 theme sole 509:512 arg1 fructose 460:467 fructose 460:467 fructose 460:467 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 4 50 theme sole 509:512 arg1 maltose 470:476 maltose 470:476 maltose 470:476 Strain LAM201(T) was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, trehalose and sorbitol as the sole carbon source. 25609678 2 51 from China 330:334 arg1 located 286:292 located 286:292 located 286:292 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 12 52 theme gene 1133:1136 arg1 sequence 1138:1145 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1120:1145 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1120:1145 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 16 53 theme  = ACCC 1741:1747 arg1  = JCM 1757:1762  = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607 1741:1768  = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T) 1741:1771 The type strain is LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)). 25609678 16 53 theme  = ACCC 1741:1747 arg1 T 1770:1770 T 1770:1770 T 1770:1770 The type strain is LAM201(T) ( = ACCC 00717(T) = JCM 19607(T)). 25609678 8 54 theme cell-wall 819:827 arg1 ribose 841:846 ribose 841:846 ribose 841:846 The predominant cell-wall sugars were ribose and galactose. 25609678 8 54 theme cell-wall 819:827 arg1 sugars 829:834 The predominant cell-wall sugars 803:834 The predominant cell-wall sugars 803:834 The predominant cell-wall sugars were ribose and galactose. 25609678 14 55 theme strain 1557:1562 arg1 T 1571:1571 T 1571:1571 T 1571:1571 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 14 55 theme strain 1557:1562 arg1 LAM201 1564:1569 strain LAM201 1557:1569 strain LAM201(T) 1557:1572 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 12 56 theme % 1316:1316 arg1 similarities 1328:1339 97.3% and 97.2% similarities 1312:1339 97.3% and 97.2% similarities 1312:1339 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 5 57 theme fermentation 624:635 arg1 acid 585:588 iso-valeric acid 573:588 iso-valeric acid 573:588 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 57 theme fermentation 624:635 arg1 products 604:611 the main products 595:611 the main products of glucose fermentation 595:635 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 57 theme fermentation 624:635 arg1 ethanol 542:548 ethanol 542:548 ethanol 542:548 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 57 theme fermentation 624:635 arg1 acid 564:567 iso-butanoic acid 551:567 iso-butanoic acid 551:567 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 57 theme fermentation 624:635 arg1 acid 536:539 Acetic acid 529:539 Acetic acid 529:539 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 11 58 theme G+C 1026:1028 arg1 content 1030:1036 The G+C content 1022:1036 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1022:1055 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32±0.8 mol%, as determined by the T(m) method. 25609678 11 58 theme G+C 1026:1028 arg1 % 1071:1071 32±0.8 mol% 1061:1071 32±0.8 mol% 1061:1071 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32±0.8 mol%, as determined by the T(m) method. 25609678 5 59 theme main 599:602 arg1 acid 585:588 iso-valeric acid 573:588 iso-valeric acid 573:588 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 59 theme main 599:602 arg1 products 604:611 the main products 595:611 the main products of glucose fermentation 595:635 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 59 theme main 599:602 arg1 ethanol 542:548 ethanol 542:548 ethanol 542:548 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 59 theme main 599:602 arg1 acid 564:567 iso-butanoic acid 551:567 iso-butanoic acid 551:567 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 5 59 theme main 599:602 arg1 acid 536:539 Acetic acid 529:539 Acetic acid 529:539 Acetic acid, ethanol, iso-butanoic acid and iso-valeric acid were the main products of glucose fermentation. 25609678 1 60 theme Romboutsia 118:127 arg1 sediment 72:79 an alkaline-saline lake sediment 48:79 an alkaline-saline lake sediment 48:79 nov., isolated from an alkaline-saline lake sediment and emended description of the genus Romboutsia. 25609678 1 60 theme Romboutsia 118:127 arg1 description 93:103 emended description 85:103 emended description of the genus Romboutsia 85:127 nov., isolated from an alkaline-saline lake sediment and emended description of the genus Romboutsia. 25609678 12 61 theme Romboutsia 1280:1289 arg1 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 12 61 theme Romboutsia 1280:1289 arg1 CRIB 1299:1302 Romboutsia ilealis CRIB 1280:1302 Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) 1280:1305 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 2 62 from located 286:292 arg1 China 330:334 China 330:334 China 330:334 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 14 63 theme name 1660:1663 arg1 sp 1689:1690 the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp 1656:1690 the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp 1656:1690 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 11 64 theme DNA 1053:1055 arg1 content 1030:1036 The G+C content 1022:1036 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1022:1055 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32±0.8 mol%, as determined by the T(m) method. 25609678 11 64 theme DNA 1053:1055 arg1 % 1071:1071 32±0.8 mol% 1061:1071 32±0.8 mol% 1061:1071 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32±0.8 mol%, as determined by the T(m) method. 25609678 1 65 theme lake 67:70 arg1 sediment 72:79 an alkaline-saline lake sediment 48:79 an alkaline-saline lake sediment 48:79 nov., isolated from an alkaline-saline lake sediment and emended description of the genus Romboutsia. 25609678 13 66 theme hybridization 1368:1380 arg1 values 1382:1387 The DNA-DNA hybridization values 1356:1387 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM201(T) and the two reference strains 1356:1442 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM201(T) and the two reference strains were 37% and 31%, respectively. 25609678 13 66 theme hybridization 1368:1380 arg1 % 1451:1451 37% 1449:1451 37% 1449:1451 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM201(T) and the two reference strains were 37% and 31%, respectively. 25609678 9 67 theme strain 894:899 arg1 T 908:908 T 908:908 T 908:908 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 9 67 theme strain 894:899 arg1 LAM201 901:906 strain LAM201 894:906 strain LAM201(T) 894:909 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 3 68 theme spiral 395:400 arg1 rod-shapes 402:411 non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes 368:411 non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes 368:411 Cells of strain LAM201(T) were non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes. 25609678 0 69 theme sedimentorum 11:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Romboutsia sedimentorum sp 0:25 Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 0:26 Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 2 70 dep Gram-stain-positive 132:150 arg1 anaerobic 179:187 anaerobic 179:187 anaerobic 179:187 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 2 70 dep Gram-stain-positive 132:150 arg1 spore-forming 153:165 spore-forming 153:165 spore-forming 153:165 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 3 71 theme straight 383:390 arg1 rod-shapes 402:411 non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes 368:411 non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes 368:411 Cells of strain LAM201(T) were non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes. 25609678 7 72 theme main 723:726 arg1 lipids 734:739 The main polar lipids 719:739 The main polar lipids 719:739 The main polar lipids were four unknown glycolipids and five unknown phospholipids. 25609678 7 72 theme main 723:726 arg1 glycolipids 759:769 four unknown glycolipids 746:769 four unknown glycolipids 746:769 The main polar lipids were four unknown glycolipids and five unknown phospholipids. 25609678 14 73 theme genus 1627:1631 arg1 Romboutsia 1633:1642 the genus Romboutsia 1623:1642 the genus Romboutsia 1623:1642 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 3 74 theme strain 346:351 arg1 LAM201 353:358 strain LAM201 346:358 strain LAM201(T) 346:361 Cells of strain LAM201(T) were non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes. 25609678 3 74 theme strain 346:351 arg1 T 360:360 T 360:360 T 360:360 Cells of strain LAM201(T) were non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes. 25609678 2 75 dep City 321:324 arg1 PR 327:328 PR 327:328 PR 327:328 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated LAM201(T), was isolated from sediment samples from an alkaline-saline lake located in Daqing oilfield, Daqing City, PR China. 25609678 12 76 theme % 1326:1326 arg1 similarities 1328:1339 97.3% and 97.2% similarities 1312:1339 97.3% and 97.2% similarities 1312:1339 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Romboutsia and was most closely related to Romboutsia lituseburensis DSM 797(T) and Romboutsia ilealis CRIB(T) with 97.3% and 97.2% similarities, respectively. 25609678 3 77 theme non-motile 368:377 arg1 rod-shapes 402:411 non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes 368:411 non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes 368:411 Cells of strain LAM201(T) were non-motile and straight or spiral rod-shapes. 25609678 6 78 dep C 700:700 arg1 18  702:704 18  702:704 18 : 0 702:707 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) were C(16 : 0) (26.7%) and C(18 : 0) (11.2%). 25609678 14 79 theme novel 1602:1606 arg1 species 1608:1614 a novel species 1600:1614 a novel species 1600:1614 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 6 80 dep 18  702:704 arg1  0 706:707  0 706:707 18 : 0 702:707 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) were C(16 : 0) (26.7%) and C(18 : 0) (11.2%). 25609678 6 81 theme LAM201 663:668 arg1 C 678:678 C(16 : 0) 678:686 C(16 : 0) (26.7%) 678:694 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) were C(16 : 0) (26.7%) and C(18 : 0) (11.2%). 25609678 6 81 theme LAM201 663:668 arg1 acids 654:658 The major fatty acids 638:658 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) 638:671 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) were C(16 : 0) (26.7%) and C(18 : 0) (11.2%). 25609678 14 82 theme Romboutsia 1665:1674 arg1 sp 1689:1690 the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp 1656:1690 the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp 1656:1690 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM201(T) is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Romboutsia , for which the name Romboutsia sedimentorum sp. 25609678 9 83 theme glutamic 939:946 arg1 acid 948:951 glutamic acid 939:951 glutamic acid 939:951 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM201(T) contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 25609678 10 84 theme Sodium 972:977 arg1 sulfite 979:985 Sodium sulfite 972:985 Sodium sulfite 972:985 Sodium sulfite was used as the electron acceptor. 25609678 10 84 theme Sodium 972:977 arg1 acceptor 1012:1019 the electron acceptor 999:1019 the electron acceptor 999:1019 Sodium sulfite was used as the electron acceptor. 25609678 6 85 theme major 642:646 arg1 C 678:678 C(16 : 0) 678:686 C(16 : 0) (26.7%) 678:694 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) were C(16 : 0) (26.7%) and C(18 : 0) (11.2%). 25609678 6 85 theme major 642:646 arg1 acids 654:658 The major fatty acids 638:658 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) 638:671 The major fatty acids of LAM201(T) were C(16 : 0) (26.7%) and C(18 : 0) (11.2%). 24243569 3 0 theme changing 801:808 arg1 similar 847:853 similar 847:853 similar 847:853 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 3 0 theme changing 801:808 arg1 trends 810:815 the changing trends 797:815 the changing trends in all three plants 797:835 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 7 1 theme content 1292:1298 arg1 due 1367:1369 due 1367:1369 due 1367:1369 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 7 1 theme content 1292:1298 arg1 concentration 1261:1273 The increased concentration 1247:1273 The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) 1247:1351 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 1 2 with grains 325:330 arg1 solubles 337:344 solubles 337:344 solubles (DDGS) 337:351 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 2 with grains 325:330 arg1 DDGS 347:350 DDGS 347:350 DDGS 347:350 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 8 3 theme phenolic 1491:1498 arg1 concentration 1505:1517 enriched phenolic acid concentration 1482:1517 enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS 1482:1525 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 7 4 theme phenolic 1278:1285 arg1 content 1292:1298 phenolic acid content 1278:1298 phenolic acid content 1278:1298 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 6 5 contain having 1193:1198 arg1 DWG 1189:1191 DWG 1189:1191 DWG having the highest phenolic acids content 1189:1233 All fractions collected following fermentation, except fractions 6 and 7, had higher concentrations of phenolic acids than fractions before fermentation, with DWG having the highest phenolic acids content. 24243569 6 5 contain having 1193:1198 arg2 content 1227:1233 the highest phenolic acids content 1200:1233 the highest phenolic acids content 1200:1233 All fractions collected following fermentation, except fractions 6 and 7, had higher concentrations of phenolic acids than fractions before fermentation, with DWG having the highest phenolic acids content. 24243569 2 6 theme FRAP 594:597 arg1 assay 600:604 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 559:604 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 559:604 Samples were analyzed for individual and total phenolic acid content by HPLC and the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24243569 5 7 from fractions 994:1002 arg1 present 979:985 present 979:985 present 979:985 Vanillic acid was present in all fractions except fractions 2 and 3. 24243569 8 8 theme concentration 1505:1517 arg1 influence 1469:1477 the influence 1465:1477 the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health 1465:1583 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 1 9 from plants 442:447 arg1 steps 382:386 different steps 372:386 different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants 372:447 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 4 10 theme sinapic 946:952 arg1 acids 874:878 The four phenolic acids 856:878 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions 856:906 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions were caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids. 24243569 4 10 theme sinapic 946:952 arg1 acids 954:958 caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids 913:958 caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids 913:958 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions were caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids. 24243569 4 11 theme caffeic 913:919 arg1 acids 874:878 The four phenolic acids 856:878 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions 856:906 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions were caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids. 24243569 4 11 theme caffeic 913:919 arg1 acids 954:958 caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids 913:958 caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids 913:958 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions were caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids. 24243569 6 12 theme phenolic 1133:1140 arg1 acids 1142:1146 phenolic acids 1133:1146 phenolic acids 1133:1146 All fractions collected following fermentation, except fractions 6 and 7, had higher concentrations of phenolic acids than fractions before fermentation, with DWG having the highest phenolic acids content. 24243569 8 13 theme diet 1530:1533 arg1 palatability 1535:1546 diet palatability 1530:1546 diet palatability (sensory property) 1530:1565 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 8 13 theme diet 1530:1533 arg1 property 1557:1564 sensory property 1549:1564 sensory property 1549:1564 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 4 14 theme p-coumaric 922:931 arg1 acids 874:878 The four phenolic acids 856:878 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions 856:906 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions were caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids. 24243569 4 14 theme p-coumaric 922:931 arg1 acids 954:958 caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids 913:958 caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids 913:958 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions were caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids. 24243569 1 15 theme liquefied 156:164 arg1 slurry 166:171 liquefied slurry 156:171 liquefied slurry 156:171 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 2 16 theme antioxidant 535:545 arg1 capacity 547:554 the antioxidant capacity 531:554 the antioxidant capacity 531:554 Samples were analyzed for individual and total phenolic acid content by HPLC and the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24243569 1 17 theme distillers 272:281 arg1 DWG 295:297 DWG 295:297 DWG 295:297 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 17 theme distillers 272:281 arg1 grains 287:292 distillers wet grains 272:292 distillers wet grains 272:292 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 17 theme distillers 272:281 arg1 distillers 243:252 condensed distillers 233:252 condensed distillers soluble (CDS) 233:266 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 18 theme wet 283:285 arg1 DWG 295:297 DWG 295:297 DWG 295:297 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 18 theme wet 283:285 arg1 grains 287:292 distillers wet grains 272:292 distillers wet grains 272:292 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 18 theme wet 283:285 arg1 distillers 243:252 condensed distillers 233:252 condensed distillers soluble (CDS) 233:266 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 19 theme processing 431:440 arg1 plants 442:447 three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants 393:447 three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants 393:447 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 2 20 theme reducing 566:573 arg1 assay 600:604 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 559:604 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 559:604 Samples were analyzed for individual and total phenolic acid content by HPLC and the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24243569 8 21 theme Further 1423:1429 arg1 research 1431:1438 Further research 1423:1438 Further research 1423:1438 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 1 22 theme ground 122:127 arg1 corn 129:132 ground corn 122:132 ground corn 122:132 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 3 23 theme antioxidant 706:716 arg1 capacity 718:725 the antioxidant capacity 702:725 the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants 702:790 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 6 24 contain had 1104:1106 arg2 concentrations 1115:1128 higher concentrations 1108:1128 higher concentrations of phenolic acids 1108:1146 All fractions collected following fermentation, except fractions 6 and 7, had higher concentrations of phenolic acids than fractions before fermentation, with DWG having the highest phenolic acids content. 24243569 6 24 contain had 1104:1106 arg1 fractions 1034:1042 All fractions 1030:1042 All fractions 1030:1042 All fractions collected following fermentation, except fractions 6 and 7, had higher concentrations of phenolic acids than fractions before fermentation, with DWG having the highest phenolic acids content. 24243569 0 25 from Changes 0:6 arg1 content 25:31 phenolic acid content 11:31 phenolic acid content 11:31 Changes in phenolic acid content during dry-grind processing of corn into ethanol and DDGS. 24243569 2 26 theme total 491:495 arg1 content 511:517 total phenolic acid content 491:517 total phenolic acid content 491:517 Samples were analyzed for individual and total phenolic acid content by HPLC and the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24243569 3 27 theme phenolic 653:660 arg1 acid 662:665 phenolic acid 653:665 phenolic acid (individual and total) content 653:696 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 5 28 located present 979:985 arg2 acid 970:973 Vanillic acid 961:973 Vanillic acid 961:973 Vanillic acid was present in all fractions except fractions 2 and 3. 24243569 5 28 located present 979:985 arg1 fractions 994:1002 all fractions 990:1002 all fractions except fractions 2 and 3 990:1027 Vanillic acid was present in all fractions except fractions 2 and 3. 24243569 3 29 dep RESULTS 607:613 arg1 similar 847:853 similar 847:853 similar 847:853 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 3 29 dep RESULTS 607:613 arg1 were 621:624 were 621:624 were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants 621:790 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 3 29 dep RESULTS 607:613 arg1 trends 810:815 the changing trends 797:815 the changing trends in all three plants 797:835 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 2 30 theme acid 506:509 arg1 content 511:517 total phenolic acid content 491:517 total phenolic acid content 491:517 Samples were analyzed for individual and total phenolic acid content by HPLC and the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24243569 0 31 theme phenolic 11:18 arg1 content 25:31 phenolic acid content 11:31 phenolic acid content 11:31 Changes in phenolic acid content during dry-grind processing of corn into ethanol and DDGS. 24243569 1 32 theme BACKGROUND 92:101 arg1 fractions 108:116 BACKGROUND Nine fractions 92:116 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) 92:352 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 4 33 theme ferulic 934:940 arg1 acids 874:878 The four phenolic acids 856:878 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions 856:906 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions were caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids. 24243569 4 33 theme ferulic 934:940 arg1 acids 954:958 caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids 913:958 caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids 913:958 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions were caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids. 24243569 8 34 from concentration 1505:1517 arg1 DDGS 1522:1525 DDGS 1522:1525 DDGS 1522:1525 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 1 35 theme dry-grind 410:418 arg1 plants 442:447 three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants 393:447 three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants 393:447 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 6 36 theme phenolic 1212:1219 arg1 content 1227:1233 the highest phenolic acids content 1200:1233 the highest phenolic acids content 1200:1233 All fractions collected following fermentation, except fractions 6 and 7, had higher concentrations of phenolic acids than fractions before fermentation, with DWG having the highest phenolic acids content. 24243569 0 37 theme dry-grind 40:48 arg1 processing 50:59 dry-grind processing 40:59 dry-grind processing of corn into ethanol and DDGS 40:89 Changes in phenolic acid content during dry-grind processing of corn into ethanol and DDGS. 24243569 1 38 theme thin 215:218 arg1 stillage 220:227 thin stillage 215:227 thin stillage 215:227 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 3 39 theme processing 774:783 arg1 plants 785:790 the three processing plants 764:790 the three processing plants 764:790 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 1 40 dep soluble 254:260 arg1 CDS 263:265 CDS 263:265 CDS 263:265 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 3 41 from differences 638:648 arg1 content 690:696 phenolic acid (individual and total) content 653:696 phenolic acid (individual and total) content 653:696 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 3 41 from differences 638:648 arg1 fractions 739:747 the nine fractions 730:747 the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants 730:790 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 8 42 from DDGS 1522:1525 arg1 influence 1469:1477 the influence 1465:1477 the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health 1465:1583 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 4 43 theme phenolic 865:872 arg1 acids 874:878 The four phenolic acids 856:878 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions 856:906 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions were caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids. 24243569 4 43 theme phenolic 865:872 arg1 acids 954:958 caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids 913:958 caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids 913:958 The four phenolic acids identified in all fractions were caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids. 24243569 1 44 theme fermented 177:185 arg1 mash 187:190 fermented mash 177:190 fermented mash 177:190 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 7 45 theme acid 1287:1290 arg1 content 1292:1298 phenolic acid content 1278:1298 phenolic acid content 1278:1298 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 7 46 dep fractions 1327:1335 arg1 9 1350:1350 9 1350:1350 9 1350:1350 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 7 46 dep fractions 1327:1335 arg1 8 1344:1344 8 1344:1344 8 1344:1344 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 5 47 attach present 979:985 arg1 fractions 994:1002 all fractions 990:1002 all fractions except fractions 2 and 3 990:1027 Vanillic acid was present in all fractions except fractions 2 and 3. 24243569 5 47 attach present 979:985 arg2 acid 970:973 Vanillic acid 961:973 Vanillic acid 961:973 Vanillic acid was present in all fractions except fractions 2 and 3. 24243569 2 48 theme power 587:591 arg1 assay 600:604 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 559:604 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 559:604 Samples were analyzed for individual and total phenolic acid content by HPLC and the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24243569 8 49 theme enriched 1482:1489 arg1 concentration 1505:1517 enriched phenolic acid concentration 1482:1517 enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS 1482:1525 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 7 50 theme increased 1251:1259 arg1 due 1367:1369 due 1367:1369 due 1367:1369 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 7 50 theme increased 1251:1259 arg1 concentration 1261:1273 The increased concentration 1247:1273 The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) 1247:1351 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 3 51 from capacity 718:725 arg1 content 690:696 phenolic acid (individual and total) content 653:696 phenolic acid (individual and total) content 653:696 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 3 51 from capacity 718:725 arg1 fractions 739:747 the nine fractions 730:747 the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants 730:790 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 5 52 from present 979:985 arg1 fractions 994:1002 all fractions 990:1002 all fractions except fractions 2 and 3 990:1027 Vanillic acid was present in all fractions except fractions 2 and 3. 24243569 8 53 theme acid 1500:1503 arg1 concentration 1505:1517 enriched phenolic acid concentration 1482:1517 enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS 1482:1525 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 1 54 theme cooked 138:143 arg1 slurry 145:150 cooked slurry 138:150 cooked slurry 138:150 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 6 55 theme acids 1142:1146 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 higher concentrations 1108:1128 higher concentrations of phenolic acids 1108:1146 All fractions collected following fermentation, except fractions 6 and 7, had higher concentrations of phenolic acids than fractions before fermentation, with DWG having the highest phenolic acids content. 24243569 1 56 theme dried 319:323 arg1 grains 325:330 dried grains 319:330 dried grains with solubles (DDGS) 319:351 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 7 57 theme dry-grind 1401:1409 arg1 processing 1411:1420 dry-grind processing 1401:1420 dry-grind processing 1401:1420 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 7 58 theme starch 1387:1392 arg1 depletion 1374:1382 depletion 1374:1382 depletion of starch during dry-grind processing 1374:1420 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 6 59 theme higher 1108:1113 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 higher concentrations 1108:1128 higher concentrations of phenolic acids 1108:1146 All fractions collected following fermentation, except fractions 6 and 7, had higher concentrations of phenolic acids than fractions before fermentation, with DWG having the highest phenolic acids content. 24243569 7 60 from fermentation 1306:1317 arg1 fractions 1327:1335 four fractions 1322:1335 four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) 1322:1351 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 1 61 theme bioethanol 420:429 arg1 plants 442:447 three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants 393:447 three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants 393:447 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 3 62 dep acid 662:665 arg1 total 683:687 total 683:687 total 683:687 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 3 62 dep acid 662:665 arg1 individual 668:677 individual 668:677 individual 668:677 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 8 63 theme sensory 1549:1555 arg1 palatability 1535:1546 diet palatability 1530:1546 diet palatability (sensory property) 1530:1565 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 8 63 theme sensory 1549:1555 arg1 property 1557:1564 sensory property 1549:1564 sensory property 1549:1564 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 7 64 dep CONCLUSION 1236:1245 arg1 due 1367:1369 due 1367:1369 due 1367:1369 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 7 64 dep CONCLUSION 1236:1245 arg1 concentration 1261:1273 The increased concentration 1247:1273 The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) 1247:1351 CONCLUSION The increased concentration of phenolic acid content after fermentation in four fractions (4, 5, 8 and 9) was primarily due to depletion of starch during dry-grind processing. 24243569 2 65 theme antioxidant 575:585 arg1 assay 600:604 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 559:604 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 559:604 Samples were analyzed for individual and total phenolic acid content by HPLC and the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24243569 0 66 theme corn 64:67 arg1 processing 50:59 dry-grind processing 40:59 dry-grind processing of corn into ethanol and DDGS 40:89 Changes in phenolic acid content during dry-grind processing of corn into ethanol and DDGS. 24243569 2 67 theme ferric 559:564 arg1 assay 600:604 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 559:604 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 559:604 Samples were analyzed for individual and total phenolic acid content by HPLC and the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24243569 3 68 theme significant 626:636 arg1 differences 638:648 significant differences 626:648 significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content 626:696 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 8 69 theme animal 1571:1576 arg1 health 1578:1583 animal health 1571:1583 animal health 1571:1583 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 2 70 theme phenolic 497:504 arg1 content 511:517 total phenolic acid content 491:517 total phenolic acid content 491:517 Samples were analyzed for individual and total phenolic acid content by HPLC and the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24243569 1 71 theme condensed 233:241 arg1 distillers 308:317 distillers 308:317 distillers 308:317 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 71 theme condensed 233:241 arg1 grains 287:292 distillers wet grains 272:292 distillers wet grains 272:292 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 71 theme condensed 233:241 arg1 9 305:305 9 305:305 9 305:305 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 71 theme condensed 233:241 arg1 distillers 243:252 condensed distillers 233:252 condensed distillers soluble (CDS) 233:266 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 slurry 166:171 liquefied slurry 156:171 liquefied slurry 156:171 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 slurry 145:150 cooked slurry 138:150 cooked slurry 138:150 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 distillers 243:252 condensed distillers 233:252 condensed distillers soluble (CDS) 233:266 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 stillage 220:227 thin stillage 215:227 thin stillage 215:227 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 4 174:174 4 174:174 4 174:174 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 corn 129:132 ground corn 122:132 ground corn 122:132 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 stillage 202:209 whole stillage 196:209 whole stillage 196:209 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 3 153:153 3 153:153 3 153:153 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 grains 287:292 distillers wet grains 272:292 distillers wet grains 272:292 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 7 230:230 7 230:230 7 230:230 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 9 305:305 9 305:305 9 305:305 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 mash 187:190 fermented mash 177:190 fermented mash 177:190 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 2 135:135 2 135:135 2 135:135 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 distillers 308:317 distillers 308:317 distillers 308:317 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 6 212:212 6 212:212 6 212:212 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 72 dep 1 119:119 arg1 5 193:193 5 193:193 5 193:193 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 3 73 theme acid 662:665 arg1 content 690:696 phenolic acid (individual and total) content 653:696 phenolic acid (individual and total) content 653:696 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 1 74 theme soluble 254:260 arg1 distillers 308:317 distillers 308:317 distillers 308:317 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 74 theme soluble 254:260 arg1 grains 287:292 distillers wet grains 272:292 distillers wet grains 272:292 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 74 theme soluble 254:260 arg1 9 305:305 9 305:305 9 305:305 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 74 theme soluble 254:260 arg1 distillers 243:252 condensed distillers 233:252 condensed distillers soluble (CDS) 233:266 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 75 dep fractions 108:116 arg1 1 119:119 1 119:119 1 119:119 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 76 theme different 372:380 arg1 steps 382:386 different steps 372:386 different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants 372:447 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 3 77 from trends 810:815 arg1 plants 830:835 all three plants 820:835 all three plants 820:835 RESULTS There were significant differences in phenolic acid (individual and total) content and the antioxidant capacity in the nine fractions collected from the three processing plants, but the changing trends in all three plants were very similar. 24243569 8 78 from influence 1469:1477 arg1 DDGS 1522:1525 DDGS 1522:1525 DDGS 1522:1525 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 8 78 from influence 1469:1477 arg1 palatability 1535:1546 diet palatability 1530:1546 diet palatability (sensory property) 1530:1565 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 8 78 from influence 1469:1477 arg1 property 1557:1564 sensory property 1549:1564 sensory property 1549:1564 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 8 78 from influence 1469:1477 arg1 health 1578:1583 animal health 1571:1583 animal health 1571:1583 Further research is needed to investigate the influence of enriched phenolic acid concentration in DDGS on diet palatability (sensory property) and animal health. 24243569 0 79 theme acid 20:23 arg1 content 25:31 phenolic acid content 11:31 phenolic acid content 11:31 Changes in phenolic acid content during dry-grind processing of corn into ethanol and DDGS. 24243569 1 80 theme whole 196:200 arg1 stillage 202:209 whole stillage 196:209 whole stillage 196:209 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 81 theme commercial 399:408 arg1 plants 442:447 three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants 393:447 three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants 393:447 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 6 82 theme acids 1221:1225 arg1 content 1227:1233 the highest phenolic acids content 1200:1233 the highest phenolic acids content 1200:1233 All fractions collected following fermentation, except fractions 6 and 7, had higher concentrations of phenolic acids than fractions before fermentation, with DWG having the highest phenolic acids content. 24243569 6 83 theme highest 1204:1210 arg1 content 1227:1233 the highest phenolic acids content 1200:1233 the highest phenolic acids content 1200:1233 All fractions collected following fermentation, except fractions 6 and 7, had higher concentrations of phenolic acids than fractions before fermentation, with DWG having the highest phenolic acids content. 24243569 5 84 theme Vanillic 961:968 arg1 acid 970:973 Vanillic acid 961:973 Vanillic acid 961:973 Vanillic acid was present in all fractions except fractions 2 and 3. 24243569 1 85 dep distillers 243:252 arg1 8 269:269 8 269:269 8 269:269 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24243569 1 85 dep distillers 243:252 arg1 grains 325:330 dried grains 319:330 dried grains with solubles (DDGS) 319:351 BACKGROUND Nine fractions (1, ground corn; 2, cooked slurry; 3, liquefied slurry; 4, fermented mash; 5, whole stillage; 6, thin stillage; 7, condensed distillers soluble (CDS); 8, distillers wet grains (DWG); and 9, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were collected at different steps from three commercial dry-grind bioethanol processing plants. 24852607 0 0 from expression 19:28 arg1 coli 79:82 Escherichia coli 67:82 Escherichia coli 67:82 High-level soluble expression of Serratia marcescens H30 lipase in Escherichia coli. 24852607 8 1 theme recombinant 1022:1032 arg1 expression 1034:1043 heterogeneous recombinant expression 1008:1043 heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli 1008:1054 This value is the highest SmL activity attained by heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli. 24852607 1 2 dep Serratia 85:92 arg1 marcescens 94:103 marcescens 94:103 marcescens 94:103 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) is an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester. 24852607 10 3 theme chiral 1242:1247 arg1 selectivity 1249:1259 the chiral selectivity 1238:1259 the chiral selectivity of recombinant SmL 1238:1278 The existence of the Trx tag did not influence the chiral selectivity of recombinant SmL. 24852607 11 4 theme economical 1335:1344 arg1 expression 1350:1359 soluble and economical SmL expression 1323:1359 soluble and economical SmL expression in E. coli 1323:1370 These findings indicate a possibility for soluble and economical SmL expression in E. coli to meet industrial needs. 24852607 8 5 theme heterogeneous 1008:1020 arg1 expression 1034:1043 heterogeneous recombinant expression 1008:1043 heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli 1008:1054 This value is the highest SmL activity attained by heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli. 24852607 5 6 theme lipase 569:574 arg1 solubility 576:585 recombinant lipase solubility 557:585 recombinant lipase solubility 557:585 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 8 7 theme SmL 983:985 arg1 activity 987:994 the highest SmL activity 971:994 the highest SmL activity attained by heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli 971:1054 This value is the highest SmL activity attained by heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli. 24852607 8 7 theme SmL 983:985 arg1 value 962:966 This value 957:966 This value 957:966 This value is the highest SmL activity attained by heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli. 24852607 6 8 theme induction 773:781 arg1 conditions 783:792 induction conditions 773:792 induction conditions 773:792 To optimize the performance of recombinant SmL production, changes in culture medium compositions and induction conditions were systematically tested. 24852607 2 9 theme level 277:281 arg1 expression 303:312 the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression 250:312 the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli 250:339 However, the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli has not been established. 24852607 2 10 from expression 303:312 arg1 coli 336:339 Escherichia coli 324:339 Escherichia coli 324:339 However, the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli has not been established. 24852607 8 11 theme highest 975:981 arg1 activity 987:994 the highest SmL activity 971:994 the highest SmL activity attained by heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli 971:1054 This value is the highest SmL activity attained by heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli. 24852607 8 11 theme highest 975:981 arg1 value 962:966 This value 957:966 This value 957:966 This value is the highest SmL activity attained by heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli. 24852607 2 12 theme justified 267:275 arg1 expression 303:312 the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression 250:312 the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli 250:339 However, the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli has not been established. 24852607 5 13 from increase 545:552 arg1 solubility 576:585 recombinant lipase solubility 557:585 recombinant lipase solubility 557:585 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 10 14 theme recombinant 1264:1274 arg1 SmL 1276:1278 recombinant SmL 1264:1278 recombinant SmL 1264:1278 The existence of the Trx tag did not influence the chiral selectivity of recombinant SmL. 24852607 5 15 theme E. 599:600 arg1 BL21 607:610 E. coli BL21 599:610 E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL 599:627 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 5 15 theme E. 599:600 arg1 DE3 613:615 DE3 613:615 DE3 613:615 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 7 16 theme recombinant 835:845 arg1 SmL 847:849 the recombinant SmL 831:849 the recombinant SmL activity and productivity 831:875 Finally, the recombinant SmL activity and productivity reached approximately 23,000 U/L and 1,278 U/L/H in shake flasks, respectively. 24852607 7 16 theme recombinant 835:845 arg1 productivity 864:875 productivity 864:875 productivity 864:875 Finally, the recombinant SmL activity and productivity reached approximately 23,000 U/L and 1,278 U/L/H in shake flasks, respectively. 24852607 7 16 theme recombinant 835:845 arg1 activity 851:858 activity 851:858 activity 851:858 Finally, the recombinant SmL activity and productivity reached approximately 23,000 U/L and 1,278 U/L/H in shake flasks, respectively. 24852607 9 17 from production 1158:1167 arg1 fermenter 1180:1188 a 7.0 L fermenter 1172:1188 a 7.0 L fermenter 1172:1188 Lipase activity and productivity reached 19,650 U/L and 1,228 U/L/H, respectively, by scaling up SmL production in a 7.0 L fermenter. 24852607 11 18 theme SmL 1346:1348 arg1 expression 1350:1359 soluble and economical SmL expression 1323:1359 soluble and economical SmL expression in E. coli 1323:1370 These findings indicate a possibility for soluble and economical SmL expression in E. coli to meet industrial needs. 24852607 5 19 theme significant 533:543 arg1 increase 545:552 A significant increase 531:552 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility 531:585 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 0 20 theme High-level 0:9 arg1 expression 19:28 High-level soluble expression 0:28 High-level soluble expression of Serratia marcescens H30 lipase in Escherichia coli. 0:83 High-level soluble expression of Serratia marcescens H30 lipase in Escherichia coli. 24852607 6 21 dep medium 749:754 arg1 compositions 756:767 compositions 756:767 compositions 756:767 To optimize the performance of recombinant SmL production, changes in culture medium compositions and induction conditions were systematically tested. 24852607 0 22 theme soluble 11:17 arg1 expression 19:28 High-level soluble expression 0:28 High-level soluble expression of Serratia marcescens H30 lipase in Escherichia coli. 0:83 High-level soluble expression of Serratia marcescens H30 lipase in Escherichia coli. 24852607 5 23 theme BL21 607:610 arg1 choice 644:649 a suitable choice 633:649 a suitable choice for SmL production 633:668 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 5 23 theme BL21 607:610 arg1 /pET32a-SmL 617:627 E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL 599:627 E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL 599:627 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 6 24 theme culture 741:747 arg1 medium 749:754 culture medium compositions and induction conditions 741:792 medium 749:754 To optimize the performance of recombinant SmL production, changes in culture medium compositions and induction conditions were systematically tested. 24852607 1 25 theme Serratia 85:92 arg1 biocatalyst 134:144 an important biocatalyst 121:144 an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester 121:238 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) is an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester. 24852607 1 25 theme Serratia 85:92 arg1 SmL 113:115 SmL 113:115 SmL 113:115 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) is an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester. 24852607 1 25 theme Serratia 85:92 arg1 lipase 105:110 Serratia marcescens lipase 85:110 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) 85:116 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) is an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester. 24852607 3 26 theme S. 401:402 arg1 H30 415:417 S. marcescens H30 401:417 S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags 401:444 Thus, fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. 24852607 3 27 theme fusion 373:378 arg1 genes 380:384 fusion genes 373:384 fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags 373:444 Thus, fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. 24852607 9 28 theme 7.0 L 1174:1178 arg1 fermenter 1180:1188 a 7.0 L fermenter 1172:1188 a 7.0 L fermenter 1172:1188 Lipase activity and productivity reached 19,650 U/L and 1,228 U/L/H, respectively, by scaling up SmL production in a 7.0 L fermenter. 24852607 8 29 from expression 1034:1043 arg1 coli 1051:1054 E. coli 1048:1054 E. coli 1048:1054 This value is the highest SmL activity attained by heterogeneous recombinant expression in E. coli. 24852607 5 30 theme SmL 655:657 arg1 production 659:668 SmL production 655:668 SmL production 655:668 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 5 31 theme recombinant 557:567 arg1 solubility 576:585 recombinant lipase solubility 557:585 recombinant lipase solubility 557:585 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 2 32 theme soluble 295:301 arg1 expression 303:312 the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression 250:312 the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli 250:339 However, the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli has not been established. 24852607 2 33 theme recombinant 283:293 arg1 expression 303:312 the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression 250:312 the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli 250:339 However, the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli has not been established. 24852607 6 34 from changes 730:736 arg1 medium 749:754 culture medium compositions and induction conditions 741:792 medium 749:754 To optimize the performance of recombinant SmL production, changes in culture medium compositions and induction conditions were systematically tested. 24852607 6 34 from changes 730:736 arg1 conditions 783:792 induction conditions 773:792 induction conditions 773:792 To optimize the performance of recombinant SmL production, changes in culture medium compositions and induction conditions were systematically tested. 24852607 3 35 theme lipase 389:394 arg1 genes 380:384 fusion genes 373:384 fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags 373:444 Thus, fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. 24852607 10 36 theme SmL 1276:1278 arg1 selectivity 1249:1259 the chiral selectivity 1238:1259 the chiral selectivity of recombinant SmL 1238:1278 The existence of the Trx tag did not influence the chiral selectivity of recombinant SmL. 24852607 11 37 from expression 1350:1359 arg1 coli 1367:1370 E. coli 1364:1370 E. coli 1364:1370 These findings indicate a possibility for soluble and economical SmL expression in E. coli to meet industrial needs. 24852607 3 38 dep S. 401:402 arg1 marcescens 404:413 marcescens 404:413 marcescens 404:413 Thus, fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. 24852607 3 39 theme different 424:432 arg1 tags 441:444 different fusion tags 424:444 different fusion tags 424:444 Thus, fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. 24852607 0 40 theme Serratia 33:40 arg1 lipase 57:62 Serratia marcescens H30 lipase 33:62 Serratia marcescens H30 lipase 33:62 High-level soluble expression of Serratia marcescens H30 lipase in Escherichia coli. 24852607 3 41 theme fusion 434:439 arg1 tags 441:444 different fusion tags 424:444 different fusion tags 424:444 Thus, fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. 24852607 0 42 theme lipase 57:62 arg1 expression 19:28 High-level soluble expression 0:28 High-level soluble expression of Serratia marcescens H30 lipase in Escherichia coli. 0:83 High-level soluble expression of Serratia marcescens H30 lipase in Escherichia coli. 24852607 11 43 dep industrial 1380:1389 arg1 needs 1391:1395 needs 1391:1395 needs 1391:1395 These findings indicate a possibility for soluble and economical SmL expression in E. coli to meet industrial needs. 24852607 6 44 theme production 718:727 arg1 performance 687:697 the performance 683:697 the performance of recombinant SmL production 683:727 To optimize the performance of recombinant SmL production, changes in culture medium compositions and induction conditions were systematically tested. 24852607 0 45 theme H30 53:55 arg1 lipase 57:62 Serratia marcescens H30 lipase 33:62 Serratia marcescens H30 lipase 33:62 High-level soluble expression of Serratia marcescens H30 lipase in Escherichia coli. 24852607 4 46 theme tags 511:514 arg1 effects 493:499 The effects 489:499 The effects of fusion tags 489:514 The effects of fusion tags were revealed. 24852607 5 47 theme suitable 635:642 arg1 choice 644:649 a suitable choice 633:649 a suitable choice for SmL production 633:668 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 5 47 theme suitable 635:642 arg1 /pET32a-SmL 617:627 E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL 599:627 E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL 599:627 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 0 48 dep Serratia 33:40 arg1 marcescens 42:51 marcescens 42:51 marcescens 42:51 High-level soluble expression of Serratia marcescens H30 lipase in Escherichia coli. 24852607 6 49 theme SmL 714:716 arg1 production 718:727 recombinant SmL production 702:727 recombinant SmL production 702:727 To optimize the performance of recombinant SmL production, changes in culture medium compositions and induction conditions were systematically tested. 24852607 4 50 theme fusion 504:509 arg1 tags 511:514 fusion tags 504:514 fusion tags 504:514 The effects of fusion tags were revealed. 24852607 3 51 with H30 415:417 arg1 tags 441:444 different fusion tags 424:444 different fusion tags 424:444 Thus, fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. 24852607 7 52 theme shake 929:933 arg1 flasks 935:940 shake flasks 929:940 shake flasks 929:940 Finally, the recombinant SmL activity and productivity reached approximately 23,000 U/L and 1,278 U/L/H in shake flasks, respectively. 24852607 6 53 theme recombinant 702:712 arg1 production 718:727 recombinant SmL production 702:727 recombinant SmL production 702:727 To optimize the performance of recombinant SmL production, changes in culture medium compositions and induction conditions were systematically tested. 24852607 2 54 theme SmL 317:319 arg1 expression 303:312 the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression 250:312 the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli 250:339 However, the economically justified level recombinant soluble expression of SmL in Escherichia coli has not been established. 24852607 10 55 theme tag 1216:1218 arg1 existence 1195:1203 The existence 1191:1203 The existence of the Trx tag 1191:1218 The existence of the Trx tag did not influence the chiral selectivity of recombinant SmL. 24852607 1 56 theme glycidic 213:220 arg1 ester 234:238 (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester 183:238 (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester 183:238 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) is an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester. 24852607 7 57 dep SmL 847:849 arg1 SmL 847:849 the recombinant SmL 831:849 the recombinant SmL activity and productivity 831:875 Finally, the recombinant SmL activity and productivity reached approximately 23,000 U/L and 1,278 U/L/H in shake flasks, respectively. 24852607 7 57 dep SmL 847:849 arg1 productivity 864:875 productivity 864:875 productivity 864:875 Finally, the recombinant SmL activity and productivity reached approximately 23,000 U/L and 1,278 U/L/H in shake flasks, respectively. 24852607 7 57 dep SmL 847:849 arg1 activity 851:858 activity 851:858 activity 851:858 Finally, the recombinant SmL activity and productivity reached approximately 23,000 U/L and 1,278 U/L/H in shake flasks, respectively. 24852607 9 58 theme Lipase 1057:1062 arg1 activity 1064:1071 Lipase activity 1057:1071 Lipase activity 1057:1071 Lipase activity and productivity reached 19,650 U/L and 1,228 U/L/H, respectively, by scaling up SmL production in a 7.0 L fermenter. 24852607 9 59 theme SmL 1154:1156 arg1 production 1158:1167 SmL production 1154:1167 SmL production in a 7.0 L fermenter 1154:1188 Lipase activity and productivity reached 19,650 U/L and 1,228 U/L/H, respectively, by scaling up SmL production in a 7.0 L fermenter. 24852607 1 60 theme important 124:132 arg1 biocatalyst 134:144 an important biocatalyst 121:144 an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester 121:238 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) is an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester. 24852607 1 60 theme important 124:132 arg1 lipase 105:110 Serratia marcescens lipase 85:110 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) 85:116 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) is an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester. 24852607 10 61 theme Trx 1212:1214 arg1 tag 1216:1218 the Trx tag 1208:1218 the Trx tag 1208:1218 The existence of the Trx tag did not influence the chiral selectivity of recombinant SmL. 24852607 1 62 theme acid 222:225 arg1 ester 234:238 (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester 183:238 (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester 183:238 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) is an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester. 24852607 5 63 dep E. 599:600 arg1 coli 602:605 coli 602:605 coli 602:605 A significant increase in recombinant lipase solubility showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET32a-SmL was a suitable choice for SmL production. 24852607 3 64 from genes 380:384 arg1 H30 415:417 S. marcescens H30 401:417 S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags 401:444 Thus, fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. 24852607 3 65 from H30 415:417 arg1 lipase 389:394 lipase 389:394 lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags 389:444 Thus, fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. 24852607 3 65 from H30 415:417 arg1 genes 380:384 fusion genes 373:384 fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags 373:444 Thus, fusion genes of lipase from S. marcescens H30 with different fusion tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. 24852607 11 66 theme soluble 1323:1329 arg1 expression 1350:1359 soluble and economical SmL expression 1323:1359 soluble and economical SmL expression in E. coli 1323:1370 These findings indicate a possibility for soluble and economical SmL expression in E. coli to meet industrial needs. 24852607 1 67 theme methyl 227:232 arg1 ester 234:238 (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester 183:238 (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester 183:238 Serratia marcescens lipase (SmL) is an important biocatalyst used to enantioselectively hydrolyze (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphynyl) glycidic acid methyl ester. 26868220 8 0 theme G+C 915:917 arg1 % 958:958 72.8 mol% 950:958 72.8 mol% 950:958 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 26868220 8 0 theme G+C 915:917 arg1 content 919:925 The G+C content 911:925 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 911:944 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 26868220 4 1 theme Gram-stain-positive 429:447 arg1 cocci 461:465 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci 429:465 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci 429:465 Cells of strain EGI 80423T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci with diameters of 0.6-0.8 μm. 26868220 4 2 theme 80423T 417:422 arg1 Cells 397:401 Cells 397:401 Cells of strain EGI 80423T 397:422 Cells of strain EGI 80423T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci with diameters of 0.6-0.8 μm. 26868220 9 3 theme rRNA 996:999 arg1 sequences 1006:1014 16S rRNA gene sequences 992:1014 16S rRNA gene sequences 992:1014 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80423T clustered with the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 10 4 theme hortensis 1175:1183 arg1 16434T 1190:1195 Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T 1159:1195 Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T 1159:1195 Sequence similarity between strain EGI 80423T and Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T. 26868220 9 5 theme gene 1001:1004 arg1 sequences 1006:1014 16S rRNA gene sequences 992:1014 16S rRNA gene sequences 992:1014 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80423T clustered with the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 7 6 theme predominant 685:695 arg1 MK-8 713:716 MK-8 713:716 MK-8(H4) 713:720 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 7 6 theme predominant 685:695 arg1 menaquinone 697:707 The predominant menaquinone 681:707 The predominant menaquinone 681:707 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 2 7 theme actinobacterial 108:122 arg1 strain 124:129 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain 93:129 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain 93:129 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80423T, was isolated from a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 26868220 13 8 theme name 1557:1560 arg1 Ornithinicoccus 1562:1576 the name Ornithinicoccus 1553:1576 the name Ornithinicoccus 1553:1576 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 12 9 theme strain 1304:1309 arg1 80423T 1315:1320 strain EGI 80423T 1304:1320 strain EGI 80423T 1304:1320 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T was 36.84%. 26868220 12 10 theme NBRC 1339:1342 arg1 16434T 1344:1349 O. hortensis NBRC 16434T 1326:1349 O. hortensis NBRC 16434T 1326:1349 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T was 36.84%. 26868220 7 11 theme unknown 828:834 arg1 glycolipids 836:846 two unknown glycolipids 824:846 two unknown glycolipids 824:846 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 7 11 theme unknown 828:834 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 9 12 theme Phylogenetic 961:972 arg1 analysis 974:981 Phylogenetic analysis 961:981 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 961:1014 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80423T clustered with the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 4 13 theme EGI 413:415 arg1 80423T 417:422 strain EGI 80423T 406:422 strain EGI 80423T 406:422 Cells of strain EGI 80423T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci with diameters of 0.6-0.8 μm. 26868220 8 14 theme DNA 942:944 arg1 % 958:958 72.8 mol% 950:958 72.8 mol% 950:958 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 26868220 8 14 theme DNA 942:944 arg1 content 919:925 The G+C content 911:925 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 911:944 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 26868220 12 15 theme hortensis 1329:1337 arg1 16434T 1344:1349 O. hortensis NBRC 16434T 1326:1349 O. hortensis NBRC 16434T 1326:1349 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T was 36.84%. 26868220 9 16 theme EGI 1035:1037 arg1 80423T 1039:1044 strain EGI 80423T 1028:1044 strain EGI 80423T 1028:1044 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80423T clustered with the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 3 17 theme % 329:329 arg1 NaCl 337:340 0-14.0% (w/v) NaCl 323:340 0-14.0% (w/v) NaCl 323:340 Strain EGI 80423T grew at pH 7.0-10.0 and with 0-14.0% (w/v) NaCl, optimally at pH 8.0-9.0 and with 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl. 26868220 4 18 theme strain 406:411 arg1 80423T 417:422 strain EGI 80423T 406:422 strain EGI 80423T 406:422 Cells of strain EGI 80423T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci with diameters of 0.6-0.8 μm. 26868220 8 19 theme genomic 934:940 arg1 DNA 942:944 the genomic DNA 930:944 the genomic DNA 930:944 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 26868220 13 20 theme hybridization 1448:1460 arg1 data 1462:1465 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1440:1465 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1440:1465 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 5 21 theme interpeptide 569:580 arg1 bridge 582:587 the interpeptide bridge 565:587 the interpeptide bridge 565:587 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine, and the interpeptide bridge was Orn ← Glu. 26868220 5 21 theme interpeptide 569:580 arg1 Orn ← Glu 593:601 Orn ← Glu 593:601 Orn ← Glu 593:601 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine, and the interpeptide bridge was Orn ← Glu. 26868220 7 22 theme polar 897:901 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 7 22 theme polar 897:901 arg1 lipids 903:908 five unknown polar lipids 884:908 five unknown polar lipids 884:908 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 1 23 theme genus 70:74 arg1 Ornithinicoccus 76:90 the genus Ornithinicoccus 66:90 the genus Ornithinicoccus 66:90 nov., and emended description of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 9 24 theme strain 1028:1033 arg1 80423T 1039:1044 strain EGI 80423T 1028:1044 strain EGI 80423T 1028:1044 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80423T clustered with the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 13 25 theme DNA-DNA 1440:1446 arg1 data 1462:1465 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1440:1465 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1440:1465 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 15 26 theme =CGMCC 1644:1649 arg1 39700T 1665:1670 =CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T 1644:1670 =CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T 1644:1670 The type strain is EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T). 26868220 15 26 theme =CGMCC 1644:1649 arg1 80423T 1636:1641 EGI 80423T 1632:1641 EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T) 1632:1671 The type strain is EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T). 26868220 2 27 theme EGI 143:145 arg1 80423T 147:152 EGI 80423T 143:152 EGI 80423T 143:152 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80423T, was isolated from a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 26868220 7 28 theme unknown 889:895 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 7 28 theme unknown 889:895 arg1 lipids 903:908 five unknown polar lipids 884:908 five unknown polar lipids 884:908 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 1 29 theme Ornithinicoccus 76:90 arg1 description 51:61 emended description 43:61 emended description of the genus Ornithinicoccus 43:90 nov., and emended description of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 1 29 theme Ornithinicoccus 76:90 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., and emended description of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 7 30 theme unknown 801:807 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 7 30 theme unknown 801:807 arg1 phospholipids 809:821 two unknown phospholipids 797:821 two unknown phospholipids 797:821 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 3 31 theme % 383:383 arg1 NaCl 391:394 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl 376:394 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl 376:394 Strain EGI 80423T grew at pH 7.0-10.0 and with 0-14.0% (w/v) NaCl, optimally at pH 8.0-9.0 and with 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl. 26868220 16 32 theme genus 1697:1701 arg1 Ornithinicoccus 1703:1717 the genus Ornithinicoccus 1693:1717 the genus Ornithinicoccus 1693:1717 The description of the genus Ornithinicoccus has also been emended. 26868220 12 33 theme EGI 1311:1313 arg1 80423T 1315:1320 strain EGI 80423T 1304:1320 strain EGI 80423T 1304:1320 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T was 36.84%. 26868220 13 34 theme EGI 1475:1477 arg1 80423T 1479:1484 strain EGI 80423T 1468:1484 strain EGI 80423T 1468:1484 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 5 35 theme peptidoglycan 532:544 arg1 ornithine 550:558 ornithine 550:558 ornithine 550:558 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine, and the interpeptide bridge was Orn ← Glu. 26868220 5 35 theme peptidoglycan 532:544 arg1 acid 520:523 The diagnostic diamino acid 497:523 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 497:544 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine, and the interpeptide bridge was Orn ← Glu. 26868220 12 36 theme O. 1326:1327 arg1 16434T 1344:1349 O. hortensis NBRC 16434T 1326:1349 O. hortensis NBRC 16434T 1326:1349 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T was 36.84%. 26868220 15 37 theme type 1617:1620 arg1 strain 1622:1627 The type strain 1613:1627 The type strain 1613:1627 The type strain is EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T). 26868220 15 37 theme type 1617:1620 arg1 80423T 1636:1641 EGI 80423T 1632:1641 EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T) 1632:1671 The type strain is EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T). 26868220 3 38 theme Strain 276:281 arg1 80423T 287:292 Strain EGI 80423T 276:292 Strain EGI 80423T 276:292 Strain EGI 80423T grew at pH 7.0-10.0 and with 0-14.0% (w/v) NaCl, optimally at pH 8.0-9.0 and with 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl. 26868220 2 39 theme desert 175:180 arg1 soil 182:185 a desert soil 173:185 a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China 173:215 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80423T, was isolated from a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 26868220 13 40 theme Ornithinicoccus 1526:1540 arg1 species 1505:1511 a novel species 1497:1511 a novel species 1497:1511 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 13 41 theme phylogenetic 1406:1417 arg1 characteristics 1419:1433 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1372:1433 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1372:1433 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 7 42 theme polar 733:737 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 7 42 theme polar 733:737 arg1 lipids 739:744 the polar lipids 729:744 the polar lipids 729:744 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 13 43 theme novel 1499:1503 arg1 species 1505:1511 a novel species 1497:1511 a novel species 1497:1511 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 3 44 dep % 383:383 arg1 w/v 386:388 w/v 386:388 w/v 386:388 Strain EGI 80423T grew at pH 7.0-10.0 and with 0-14.0% (w/v) NaCl, optimally at pH 8.0-9.0 and with 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl. 26868220 6 45 theme fatty 614:618 arg1 acids 620:624 The major fatty acids 604:624 The major fatty acids identified 604:635 The major fatty acids identified were iso-C17:1ω9c, iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0. 26868220 6 45 theme fatty 614:618 arg1 iso-C17:1ω9c 642:653 iso-C17:1ω9c 642:653 iso-C17:1ω9c 642:653 The major fatty acids identified were iso-C17:1ω9c, iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0. 26868220 2 46 attach isolated 159:166 arg1 soil 182:185 a desert soil 173:185 a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China 173:215 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80423T, was isolated from a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 26868220 2 46 attach isolated 159:166 arg2 strain 124:129 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain 93:129 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain 93:129 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80423T, was isolated from a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 26868220 3 47 theme 2.0-4.0 376:382 arg1 % 383:383 % 383:383 % 383:383 Strain EGI 80423T grew at pH 7.0-10.0 and with 0-14.0% (w/v) NaCl, optimally at pH 8.0-9.0 and with 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl. 26868220 2 48 theme halotolerant 95:106 arg1 strain 124:129 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain 93:129 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain 93:129 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80423T, was isolated from a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 26868220 10 49 theme Ornithinicoccus 1159:1173 arg1 16434T 1190:1195 Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T 1159:1195 Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T 1159:1195 Sequence similarity between strain EGI 80423T and Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T. 26868220 15 50 theme EGI 1632:1634 arg1 39700T 1665:1670 =CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T 1644:1670 =CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T 1644:1670 The type strain is EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T). 26868220 15 50 theme EGI 1632:1634 arg1 strain 1622:1627 The type strain 1613:1627 The type strain 1613:1627 The type strain is EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T). 26868220 15 50 theme EGI 1632:1634 arg1 80423T 1636:1641 EGI 80423T 1632:1641 EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T) 1632:1671 The type strain is EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T). 26868220 12 51 theme relatedness 1278:1288 arg1 value 1290:1294 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 1266:1294 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T 1266:1349 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T was 36.84%. 26868220 12 51 theme relatedness 1278:1288 arg1 % 1360:1360 36.84% 1355:1360 36.84% 1355:1360 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T was 36.84%. 26868220 9 52 theme single 1065:1070 arg1 member 1072:1077 the single member 1061:1077 the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus 1061:1106 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80423T clustered with the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 10 53 theme Sequence 1109:1116 arg1 similarity 1118:1127 Sequence similarity 1109:1127 Sequence similarity between strain EGI 80423T and Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T. 1109:1196 Sequence similarity between strain EGI 80423T and Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T. 26868220 3 54 dep % 329:329 arg1 w/v 332:334 w/v 332:334 w/v 332:334 Strain EGI 80423T grew at pH 7.0-10.0 and with 0-14.0% (w/v) NaCl, optimally at pH 8.0-9.0 and with 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl. 26868220 2 55 theme China 211:215 arg1 soil 182:185 a desert soil 173:185 a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China 173:215 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80423T, was isolated from a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 26868220 10 56 theme NBRC 1185:1188 arg1 16434T 1190:1195 Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T 1159:1195 Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T 1159:1195 Sequence similarity between strain EGI 80423T and Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T. 26868220 4 57 with cocci 461:465 arg1 diameters 472:480 diameters 472:480 diameters of 0.6-0.8 μm 472:494 Cells of strain EGI 80423T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci with diameters of 0.6-0.8 μm. 26868220 4 58 theme 0.6-0.8 μm 485:494 arg1 diameters 472:480 diameters 472:480 diameters of 0.6-0.8 μm 472:494 Cells of strain EGI 80423T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci with diameters of 0.6-0.8 μm. 26868220 5 59 theme diagnostic 501:510 arg1 ornithine 550:558 ornithine 550:558 ornithine 550:558 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine, and the interpeptide bridge was Orn ← Glu. 26868220 5 59 theme diagnostic 501:510 arg1 acid 520:523 The diagnostic diamino acid 497:523 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 497:544 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine, and the interpeptide bridge was Orn ← Glu. 26868220 13 60 theme morphological 1372:1384 arg1 characteristics 1419:1433 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1372:1433 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1372:1433 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 6 61 theme major 608:612 arg1 acids 620:624 The major fatty acids 604:624 The major fatty acids identified 604:635 The major fatty acids identified were iso-C17:1ω9c, iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0. 26868220 6 61 theme major 608:612 arg1 iso-C17:1ω9c 642:653 iso-C17:1ω9c 642:653 iso-C17:1ω9c 642:653 The major fatty acids identified were iso-C17:1ω9c, iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0. 26868220 4 62 dep Gram-stain-positive 429:447 arg1 non-motile 450:459 non-motile 450:459 non-motile 450:459 Cells of strain EGI 80423T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci with diameters of 0.6-0.8 μm. 26868220 3 63 theme EGI 283:285 arg1 80423T 287:292 Strain EGI 80423T 276:292 Strain EGI 80423T 276:292 Strain EGI 80423T grew at pH 7.0-10.0 and with 0-14.0% (w/v) NaCl, optimally at pH 8.0-9.0 and with 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl. 26868220 8 64 theme 72.8 mol 950:957 arg1 % 958:958 72.8 mol% 950:958 72.8 mol% 950:958 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 26868220 8 64 theme 72.8 mol 950:957 arg1 content 919:925 The G+C content 911:925 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 911:944 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 26868220 2 65 theme polyphasic 237:246 arg1 characterization 258:273 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 235:273 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 235:273 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80423T, was isolated from a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 26868220 5 66 theme diamino 512:518 arg1 ornithine 550:558 ornithine 550:558 ornithine 550:558 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine, and the interpeptide bridge was Orn ← Glu. 26868220 5 66 theme diamino 512:518 arg1 acid 520:523 The diagnostic diamino acid 497:523 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 497:544 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine, and the interpeptide bridge was Orn ← Glu. 26868220 13 67 theme genus 1520:1524 arg1 Ornithinicoccus 1526:1540 the genus Ornithinicoccus 1516:1540 the genus Ornithinicoccus 1516:1540 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 10 68 theme EGI 1144:1146 arg1 80423T 1148:1153 strain EGI 80423T 1137:1153 strain EGI 80423T 1137:1153 Sequence similarity between strain EGI 80423T and Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T. 26868220 2 69 theme taxonomic 248:256 arg1 characterization 258:273 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 235:273 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 235:273 A halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80423T, was isolated from a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 26868220 13 70 theme strain 1468:1473 arg1 80423T 1479:1484 strain EGI 80423T 1468:1484 strain EGI 80423T 1468:1484 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 9 71 theme genus 1086:1090 arg1 Ornithinicoccus 1092:1106 the genus Ornithinicoccus 1082:1106 the genus Ornithinicoccus 1082:1106 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80423T clustered with the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 13 72 theme chemotaxonomic 1387:1400 arg1 characteristics 1419:1433 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1372:1433 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1372:1433 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. 26868220 10 73 theme strain 1137:1142 arg1 80423T 1148:1153 strain EGI 80423T 1137:1153 strain EGI 80423T 1137:1153 Sequence similarity between strain EGI 80423T and Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T. 26868220 15 74 theme 1.14989T=KCTC 1651:1663 arg1 39700T 1665:1670 =CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T 1644:1670 =CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T 1644:1670 The type strain is EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T). 26868220 15 74 theme 1.14989T=KCTC 1651:1663 arg1 80423T 1636:1641 EGI 80423T 1632:1641 EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T) 1632:1671 The type strain is EGI 80423T (=CGMCC 1.14989T=KCTC 39700T). 26868220 12 75 theme DNA-DNA 1270:1276 arg1 value 1290:1294 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 1266:1294 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T 1266:1349 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T was 36.84%. 26868220 12 75 theme DNA-DNA 1270:1276 arg1 % 1360:1360 36.84% 1355:1360 36.84% 1355:1360 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T was 36.84%. 26868220 9 76 theme Ornithinicoccus 1092:1106 arg1 member 1072:1077 the single member 1061:1077 the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus 1061:1106 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80423T clustered with the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 16 77 theme Ornithinicoccus 1703:1717 arg1 description 1678:1688 The description 1674:1688 The description of the genus Ornithinicoccus 1674:1717 The description of the genus Ornithinicoccus has also been emended. 26868220 7 78 theme unknown 853:859 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 diphosphatidylglycerol 751:772 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 7 78 theme unknown 853:859 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 861:878 six unknown phosphoglycolipids 849:878 six unknown phosphoglycolipids 849:878 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. 26868220 3 79 theme 0-14.0 323:328 arg1 % 329:329 % 329:329 % 329:329 Strain EGI 80423T grew at pH 7.0-10.0 and with 0-14.0% (w/v) NaCl, optimally at pH 8.0-9.0 and with 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl. 26868220 1 80 theme emended 43:49 arg1 description 51:61 emended description 43:61 emended description of the genus Ornithinicoccus 43:90 nov., and emended description of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 9 81 theme 16S 992:994 arg1 sequences 1006:1014 16S rRNA gene sequences 992:1014 16S rRNA gene sequences 992:1014 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80423T clustered with the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus. 26868220 11 82 theme type 1210:1213 arg1 strain 1215:1220 the type strain 1206:1220 the type strain 1206:1220 Because the type strain has been provided by NBRC, Japan was 97.7%. 26552810 10 0 dep feature 823:829 arg1 C16  834:837 C16  834:837 C16  834:837 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 14 1 theme sp 1588:1589 arg1 analysis 1514:1521 phylogenetic analysis 1501:1521 phylogenetic analysis 1501:1521 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 14 1 theme sp 1588:1589 arg1 species 1532:1538 a novel species 1524:1538 a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1524:1589 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 18 2 theme halophilus 1755:1764 arg1 strain 1735:1740 The type strain 1726:1740 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus 1726:1764 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26552810 18 2 theme halophilus 1755:1764 arg1 80432T 1773:1778 EGI 80432T 1769:1778 EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T) 1769:1812 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26552810 4 3 theme Gram-stain-positive 160:178 arg1 actinobacterium 234:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium, designated EGI 80432T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26552810 4 4 theme non-motile 181:190 arg1 actinobacterium 234:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium, designated EGI 80432T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26552810 4 5 attach isolated 278:285 arg2 actinobacterium 234:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium, designated EGI 80432T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26552810 4 5 attach isolated 278:285 arg1 soil 310:313 a saline-alkaline soil 292:313 a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China 292:352 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium, designated EGI 80432T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26552810 6 6 theme pH 529:530 arg1 range 532:536 the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) 525:569 the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) 525:569 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 13 7 theme EGI 1281:1283 arg1 80432T 1285:1290 strain EGI 80432T 1274:1290 strain EGI 80432T 1274:1290 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T were 94.1 and 88.1 %, respectively. 26552810 10 8 theme  0 882:883 arg1 lipids 895:900 The polar lipids 885:900  0 The polar lipids 882:900 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 1 9 theme Egicoccaceae 103:114 arg1 fam 116:118 Egicoccaceae fam 103:118 Egicoccaceae fam 103:118 nov., a halophilic, alkalitolerant actinobacterium and proposal of Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 12 10 theme class 1213:1217 arg1 Nitriliruptoria 1219:1233 the class Nitriliruptoria 1209:1233 the class Nitriliruptoria 1209:1233 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain EGI 80432T clustered within the radius of the class Nitriliruptoria. 26552810 6 11 dep range 532:536 arg1 6.0-10.0 538:545 6.0-10.0 538:545 6.0-10.0 538:545 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 1 12 dep halophilic 44:53 arg1 alkalitolerant 56:69 alkalitolerant 56:69 alkalitolerant 56:69 nov., a halophilic, alkalitolerant actinobacterium and proposal of Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 13 13 theme sequence 1246:1253 arg1 similarity 1255:1264 sequence similarity 1246:1264 sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T 1246:1386 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T were 94.1 and 88.1 %, respectively. 26552810 7 14 theme peptidoglycan 599:611 arg1 A1γ 622:624 A1γ 622:624 A1γ 622:624 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ. 26552810 7 14 theme peptidoglycan 599:611 arg1 type 613:616 The peptidoglycan type 595:616 The peptidoglycan type 595:616 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ. 26552810 10 15 theme major 781:785 arg1 C17  804:807 C17  804:807 C17  804:807 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 15 theme major 781:785 arg1 acids 793:797 The major fatty acids 777:797 The major fatty acids 777:797 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 14 16 theme phylogenetic 1501:1512 arg1 analysis 1514:1521 phylogenetic analysis 1501:1521 phylogenetic analysis 1501:1521 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 14 16 theme phylogenetic 1501:1512 arg1 species 1532:1538 a novel species 1524:1538 a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1524:1589 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 6 17 theme 2216E 581:585 arg1 medium 587:592 marine 2216E medium 574:592 marine 2216E medium 574:592 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 14 18 theme gen. 1577:1580 arg1 nov. 1582:1585 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 1556:1585 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 1556:1585 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 14 18 theme gen. 1577:1580 arg1 genus 1549:1553 a new genus 1543:1553 a new genus 1543:1553 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 15 19 theme new 1622:1624 arg1 family 1626:1631 the new family 1618:1631 the new family 1618:1631 nov., is proposed, within the new family and new order Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 14 20 theme Egicoccus 1556:1564 arg1 nov. 1582:1585 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 1556:1585 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 1556:1585 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 14 20 theme Egicoccus 1556:1564 arg1 genus 1549:1553 a new genus 1543:1553 a new genus 1543:1553 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 8 21 theme major 721:725 arg1 sugars 727:732 major sugars 721:732 major sugars 721:732 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, mannose and three unknown sugars as major sugars. 26552810 14 22 theme genus 1549:1553 arg1 sp 1588:1589 a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1543:1589 a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1543:1589 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 10 23 theme polar 889:893 arg1 lipids 895:900 The polar lipids 885:900  0 The polar lipids 882:900 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 18 24 theme 1.14988T = KCTC 1790:1804 arg1 80432T 1773:1778 EGI 80432T 1769:1778 EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T) 1769:1812 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26552810 18 24 theme 1.14988T = KCTC 1790:1804 arg1 33612T 1806:1811  = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T 1781:1811  = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T 1781:1811 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26552810 11 25 theme DNA 1060:1062 arg1 content 1068:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content 1048:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content 1048:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content was 75.2 mol%. 26552810 11 25 theme DNA 1060:1062 arg1 % 1088:1088 75.2 mol% 1080:1088 75.2 mol% 1080:1088 The genomic DNA G+C content was 75.2 mol%. 26552810 6 26 theme EGI 432:434 arg1 80432T 436:441 Strain EGI 80432T 425:441 Strain EGI 80432T 425:441 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 10 27 theme unknown 962:968 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 27 theme unknown 962:968 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 970:986 one unknown phosphoglycolipid 958:986 one unknown phosphoglycolipid 958:986 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 4 28 theme saline-alkaline 294:308 arg1 soil 310:313 a saline-alkaline soil 292:313 a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China 292:352 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium, designated EGI 80432T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26552810 12 29 theme strain 1160:1165 arg1 80432T 1171:1176 strain EGI 80432T 1160:1176 strain EGI 80432T 1160:1176 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain EGI 80432T clustered within the radius of the class Nitriliruptoria. 26552810 0 30 theme Egicoccus 0:8 arg1 nov. 26:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 0:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 0:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 11 31 theme 75.2 mol 1080:1087 arg1 content 1068:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content 1048:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content 1048:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content was 75.2 mol%. 26552810 11 31 theme 75.2 mol 1080:1087 arg1 % 1088:1088 75.2 mol% 1080:1088 75.2 mol% 1080:1088 The genomic DNA G+C content was 75.2 mol%. 26552810 6 32 theme NaCl 479:482 arg1 presence 455:462 the presence 451:462 the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %) 451:501 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 0 33 theme gen. 21:24 arg1 nov. 26:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 0:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 0:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 10 34 theme unknown 995:1001 arg1 phospholipids 1003:1015 three unknown phospholipids 989:1015 three unknown phospholipids 989:1015 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 34 theme unknown 995:1001 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 12 35 theme gene 1131:1134 arg1 sequences 1136:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain EGI 80432T clustered within the radius of the class Nitriliruptoria. 26552810 6 36 theme w/v 474:476 arg1 % 500:500 optimum at 3-5 % 485:500 optimum at 3-5 % 485:500 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 6 36 theme w/v 474:476 arg1 NaCl 479:482 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl 467:482 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %) 467:501 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 15 37 theme order 1641:1645 arg1 fam 1660:1662 new order Egicoccaceae fam 1637:1662 new order Egicoccaceae fam 1637:1662 nov., is proposed, within the new family and new order Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 6 38 theme % 471:471 arg1 % 500:500 optimum at 3-5 % 485:500 optimum at 3-5 % 485:500 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 6 38 theme % 471:471 arg1 NaCl 479:482 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl 467:482 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %) 467:501 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 10 39 theme unknown 1026:1032 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 39 theme unknown 1026:1032 arg1 lipids 1040:1045 four unknown polar lipids 1021:1045 four unknown polar lipids 1021:1045 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 17 40 theme class 1703:1707 arg1 Nitriliruptoria 1709:1723 the class Nitriliruptoria 1699:1723 the class Nitriliruptoria 1699:1723 nov. in the class Nitriliruptoria. 26552810 8 41 contain contained 655:663 arg2 mannose 685:691 mannose 685:691 mannose 685:691 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, mannose and three unknown sugars as major sugars. 26552810 8 41 contain contained 655:663 arg2 sugars 711:716 three unknown sugars 697:716 three unknown sugars 697:716 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, mannose and three unknown sugars as major sugars. 26552810 8 41 contain contained 655:663 arg2 galactose 674:682 galactose 674:682 galactose 674:682 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, mannose and three unknown sugars as major sugars. 26552810 8 41 contain contained 655:663 arg2 glucose 665:671 glucose 665:671 glucose 665:671 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, mannose and three unknown sugars as major sugars. 26552810 8 41 contain contained 655:663 arg1 hydrolysates 642:653 The whole-cell hydrolysates 627:653 The whole-cell hydrolysates 627:653 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, mannose and three unknown sugars as major sugars. 26552810 10 42 dep C16  834:837 arg1  1ω6c 850:854  1ω6c 850:854  1ω6c 850:854 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 42 dep C16  834:837 arg1  1ω7c/C16  839:848  1ω7c/C16  839:848  1ω7c/C16  839:848 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 43 dep  1ω8c 809:813 arg1 lipids 895:900 The polar lipids 885:900  0 The polar lipids 882:900 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 43 dep  1ω8c 809:813 arg1 iso-C15  873:880 iso-C15  873:880 iso-C15  873:880 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 43 dep  1ω8c 809:813 arg1  1ω9c 863:867  1ω9c 863:867  1ω9c 863:867 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 13 44 theme phylogenetic 1300:1311 arg1 F10T 1383:1386 F10T 1383:1386 F10T 1383:1386 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T were 94.1 and 88.1 %, respectively. 26552810 13 44 theme phylogenetic 1300:1311 arg1 neighbours 1313:1322 its phylogenetic neighbours 1296:1322 its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T 1296:1386 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T were 94.1 and 88.1 %, respectively. 26552810 13 44 theme phylogenetic 1300:1311 arg1 ANL-iso2T 1351:1359 ANL-iso2T 1351:1359 ANL-iso2T 1351:1359 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T were 94.1 and 88.1 %, respectively. 26552810 12 45 theme Phylogenetic 1091:1102 arg1 analysis 1104:1111 Phylogenetic analysis 1091:1111 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1091:1144 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain EGI 80432T clustered within the radius of the class Nitriliruptoria. 26552810 4 46 theme novel 154:158 arg1 actinobacterium 234:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium, designated EGI 80432T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26552810 13 47 dep neighbours 1313:1322 arg1 F10T 1383:1386 F10T 1383:1386 F10T 1383:1386 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T were 94.1 and 88.1 %, respectively. 26552810 13 47 dep neighbours 1313:1322 arg1 neighbours 1313:1322 its phylogenetic neighbours 1296:1322 its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T 1296:1386 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T were 94.1 and 88.1 %, respectively. 26552810 13 47 dep neighbours 1313:1322 arg1 ANL-iso2T 1351:1359 ANL-iso2T 1351:1359 ANL-iso2T 1351:1359 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T were 94.1 and 88.1 %, respectively. 26552810 8 48 theme whole-cell 631:640 arg1 hydrolysates 642:653 The whole-cell hydrolysates 627:653 The whole-cell hydrolysates 627:653 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, mannose and three unknown sugars as major sugars. 26552810 13 49 theme strain 1274:1279 arg1 80432T 1285:1290 strain EGI 80432T 1274:1290 strain EGI 80432T 1274:1290 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T were 94.1 and 88.1 %, respectively. 26552810 5 50 with cocci 388:392 arg1 diameter 401:408 a diameter 399:408 a diameter of 0.5-0.8 μm 399:422 Cells were non-endospore-forming cocci with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 μm. 26552810 10 51 theme fatty 787:791 arg1 C17  804:807 C17  804:807 C17  804:807 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 51 theme fatty 787:791 arg1 acids 793:797 The major fatty acids 777:797 The major fatty acids 777:797 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 12 52 theme Nitriliruptoria 1219:1233 arg1 radius 1199:1204 the radius 1195:1204 the radius of the class Nitriliruptoria 1195:1233 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain EGI 80432T clustered within the radius of the class Nitriliruptoria. 26552810 13 53 theme similarity 1255:1264 arg1 Levels 1236:1241 Levels 1236:1241 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T 1236:1386 Levels of sequence similarity between strain EGI 80432T and its phylogenetic neighbours Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T and Euzebya tangerina F10T were 94.1 and 88.1 %, respectively. 26552810 1 54 theme fam 116:118 arg1 actinobacterium 71:85 actinobacterium 71:85 actinobacterium 71:85 nov., a halophilic, alkalitolerant actinobacterium and proposal of Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 1 54 theme fam 116:118 arg1 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov., a halophilic, alkalitolerant actinobacterium and proposal of Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 1 54 theme fam 116:118 arg1 proposal 91:98 proposal 91:98 proposal 91:98 nov., a halophilic, alkalitolerant actinobacterium and proposal of Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 4 55 theme alkalitolerant 219:232 arg1 actinobacterium 234:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium, designated EGI 80432T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26552810 6 56 dep 6.0-10.0 538:545 arg1 pH 8.0-9.0 559:568 pH 8.0-9.0 559:568 pH 8.0-9.0 559:568 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 6 57 theme marine 574:579 arg1 medium 587:592 marine 2216E medium 574:592 marine 2216E medium 574:592 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 17 58 dep nov. 1691:1694 arg1 Nitriliruptoria 1709:1723 the class Nitriliruptoria 1699:1723 the class Nitriliruptoria 1699:1723 nov. in the class Nitriliruptoria. 26552810 14 59 theme halophilus 1566:1575 arg1 nov. 1582:1585 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 1556:1585 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 1556:1585 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 14 59 theme halophilus 1566:1575 arg1 genus 1549:1553 a new genus 1543:1553 a new genus 1543:1553 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 14 60 theme chemotaxonomic 1466:1479 arg1 characteristics 1481:1495 morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1433:1495 morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1433:1495 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 8 61 theme unknown 703:709 arg1 sugars 711:716 three unknown sugars 697:716 three unknown sugars 697:716 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, mannose and three unknown sugars as major sugars. 26552810 9 62 theme predominant 739:749 arg1 menaquinone 751:761 The predominant menaquinone 735:761 The predominant menaquinone 735:761 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26552810 9 62 theme predominant 739:749 arg1 MK-9 767:770 MK-9 767:770 MK-9(H4) 767:774 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26552810 14 63 theme physiological 1448:1460 arg1 characteristics 1481:1495 morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1433:1495 morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1433:1495 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 14 64 theme new 1545:1547 arg1 nov. 1582:1585 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 1556:1585 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 1556:1585 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 14 64 theme new 1545:1547 arg1 genus 1549:1553 a new genus 1543:1553 a new genus 1543:1553 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 18 65 theme  = CGMCC 1781:1788 arg1 80432T 1773:1778 EGI 80432T 1769:1778 EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T) 1769:1812 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26552810 18 65 theme  = CGMCC 1781:1788 arg1 33612T 1806:1811  = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T 1781:1811  = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T 1781:1811 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26552810 11 66 theme genomic 1052:1058 arg1 content 1068:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content 1048:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content 1048:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content was 75.2 mol%. 26552810 11 66 theme genomic 1052:1058 arg1 % 1088:1088 75.2 mol% 1080:1088 75.2 mol% 1080:1088 The genomic DNA G+C content was 75.2 mol%. 26552810 4 67 theme halophilic 204:213 arg1 actinobacterium 234:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium 152:248 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium, designated EGI 80432T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26552810 5 68 theme non-endospore-forming 366:386 arg1 cocci 388:392 non-endospore-forming cocci 366:392 non-endospore-forming cocci with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 μm 366:422 Cells were non-endospore-forming cocci with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 μm. 26552810 10 69 theme summed 816:821 arg1  1ω8c 809:813  1ω8c 809:813  1ω8c 809:813 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 69 theme summed 816:821 arg1 feature 823:829 summed feature 3 816:831 summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c) 816:855 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 14 70 theme morphological 1433:1445 arg1 characteristics 1481:1495 morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1433:1495 morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1433:1495 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 12 71 theme 16S 1122:1124 arg1 sequences 1136:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain EGI 80432T clustered within the radius of the class Nitriliruptoria. 26552810 1 72 theme halophilic 44:53 arg1 actinobacterium 71:85 actinobacterium 71:85 actinobacterium 71:85 nov., a halophilic, alkalitolerant actinobacterium and proposal of Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 1 72 theme halophilic 44:53 arg1 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov., a halophilic, alkalitolerant actinobacterium and proposal of Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 12 73 theme EGI 1167:1169 arg1 80432T 1171:1176 strain EGI 80432T 1160:1176 strain EGI 80432T 1160:1176 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain EGI 80432T clustered within the radius of the class Nitriliruptoria. 26552810 6 74 theme Strain 425:430 arg1 80432T 436:441 Strain EGI 80432T 425:441 Strain EGI 80432T 425:441 Strain EGI 80432T grew in the presence of 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3-5 %), and also grew within the pH range 6.0-10.0 (optimum at pH 8.0-9.0) on marine 2216E medium. 26552810 0 75 theme halophilus 10:19 arg1 nov. 26:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 0:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 0:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 14 76 theme novel 1526:1530 arg1 analysis 1514:1521 phylogenetic analysis 1501:1521 phylogenetic analysis 1501:1521 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 14 76 theme novel 1526:1530 arg1 species 1532:1538 a novel species 1524:1538 a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1524:1589 Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species of a new genus, Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 15 77 theme Egicoccaceae 1647:1658 arg1 fam 1660:1662 new order Egicoccaceae fam 1637:1662 new order Egicoccaceae fam 1637:1662 nov., is proposed, within the new family and new order Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 11 78 theme G+C 1064:1066 arg1 content 1068:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content 1048:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content 1048:1074 The genomic DNA G+C content was 75.2 mol%. 26552810 11 78 theme G+C 1064:1066 arg1 % 1088:1088 75.2 mol% 1080:1088 75.2 mol% 1080:1088 The genomic DNA G+C content was 75.2 mol%. 26552810 4 79 theme EGI 262:264 arg1 80432T 266:271 EGI 80432T 262:271 EGI 80432T 262:271 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium, designated EGI 80432T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26552810 15 80 theme new 1637:1639 arg1 fam 1660:1662 new order Egicoccaceae fam 1637:1662 new order Egicoccaceae fam 1637:1662 nov., is proposed, within the new family and new order Egicoccaceae fam. 26552810 10 81 theme polar 1034:1038 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 10 81 theme polar 1034:1038 arg1 lipids 1040:1045 four unknown polar lipids 1021:1045 four unknown polar lipids 1021:1045 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. 26552810 0 82 dep sp 32:33 arg1 nov. 26:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 0:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov. 0:29 Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 26552810 4 83 theme China 348:352 arg1 soil 310:313 a saline-alkaline soil 292:313 a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China 292:352 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halophilic and alkalitolerant actinobacterium, designated EGI 80432T, was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil of Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26552810 12 84 theme rRNA 1126:1129 arg1 sequences 1136:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 16S rRNA gene sequences 1122:1144 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain EGI 80432T clustered within the radius of the class Nitriliruptoria. 26552810 18 85 theme type 1730:1733 arg1 strain 1735:1740 The type strain 1726:1740 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus 1726:1764 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26552810 18 85 theme type 1730:1733 arg1 80432T 1773:1778 EGI 80432T 1769:1778 EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T) 1769:1812 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26552810 5 86 theme 0.5-0.8 μm 413:422 arg1 diameter 401:408 a diameter 399:408 a diameter of 0.5-0.8 μm 399:422 Cells were non-endospore-forming cocci with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 μm. 26552810 18 87 theme EGI 1769:1771 arg1 strain 1735:1740 The type strain 1726:1740 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus 1726:1764 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26552810 18 87 theme EGI 1769:1771 arg1 80432T 1773:1778 EGI 80432T 1769:1778 EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T) 1769:1812 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26552810 18 87 theme EGI 1769:1771 arg1 33612T 1806:1811  = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T 1781:1811  = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T 1781:1811 The type strain of Egicoccus halophilus is EGI 80432T ( = CGMCC 1.14988T = KCTC 33612T). 26303829 2 0 theme Pulse-chase 342:352 arg1 experiments 354:364 Pulse-chase experiments 342:364 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine 342:427 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 1 1 theme PG 251:252 arg1 wall 260:263 the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall 232:263 the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 232:339 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 7 2 theme PG 1460:1461 arg1 dynamics 1463:1470 PG dynamics 1460:1470 PG dynamics 1460:1470 PG dynamics were also visualized in mutants lacking PG hydrolases that mediate PG remodeling, cell separation, or autolysis and in cells lacking the MapZ and DivIVA division regulators. 26303829 14 3 from regions 2513:2519 arg1 cells 2585:2589 S. pneumoniae cells 2571:2589 S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms 2571:2637 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 3 4 theme synthesis 757:765 arg1 regions 739:745 regions 739:745 regions of new PG synthesis 739:765 PG dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis. 26303829 11 5 theme IMPORTANCE 1968:1977 arg1 walls 1987:1991 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls 1968:1991 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls 1968:1991 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls are unique to eubacteria, and many bacterial species turn over and recycle their PG during growth, stress, colonization, and virulence. 26303829 1 6 theme cell 255:258 arg1 wall 260:263 the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall 232:263 the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 232:339 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 4 7 theme fixed 1085:1089 arg1 cells 1108:1112 fixed human epithelial cells 1085:1112 fixed human epithelial cells 1085:1112 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 3 8 theme new 750:752 arg1 synthesis 757:765 new PG synthesis 750:765 new PG synthesis 750:765 PG dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis. 26303829 6 9 theme chromatography 1239:1252 arg1 analysis 1261:1268 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis 1215:1268 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG 1215:1325 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 8 10 theme old 1682:1684 arg1 PG 1686:1687 stable old PG 1675:1687 stable old PG 1675:1687 In all cases, hemispheres of stable old PG were maintained. 26303829 4 11 theme epithelial 1097:1106 arg1 cells 1108:1112 fixed human epithelial cells 1085:1112 fixed human epithelial cells 1085:1112 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 6 12 theme High-performance 1215:1230 arg1 chromatography 1239:1252 High-performance liquid chromatography 1215:1252 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG 1215:1325 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 6 12 theme High-performance 1215:1230 arg1 HPLC 1255:1258 HPLC 1255:1258 HPLC 1255:1258 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 1 13 theme ovococcus 272:280 arg1 pneumococcus 327:338 pneumococcus 327:338 pneumococcus 327:338 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 1 13 theme ovococcus 272:280 arg1 pneumoniae 315:324 the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 268:324 the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 268:339 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 4 14 theme infusion 918:925 arg1 broth 927:931 rich brain heart infusion broth 901:931 rich brain heart infusion broth 901:931 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 15 15 theme innate 2781:2786 arg1 system 2795:2800 the innate immune system 2777:2800 the innate immune system 2777:2800 These findings suggest that S. pneumoniae minimizes the release of PG breakdown products by turnover, which may contribute to evasion of the innate immune system. 26303829 0 16 theme Streptococcus 95:107 arg1 Planktonically 132:145 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically 95:145 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically 95:145 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 11 17 theme cell 1982:1985 arg1 walls 1987:1991 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls 1968:1991 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls 1968:1991 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls are unique to eubacteria, and many bacterial species turn over and recycle their PG during growth, stress, colonization, and virulence. 26303829 14 18 theme pneumoniae 2574:2583 arg1 cells 2585:2589 S. pneumoniae cells 2571:2589 S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms 2571:2637 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 12 19 theme responses 2262:2270 arg1 activators 2234:2243 activators 2234:2243 activators of innate immune responses 2234:2270 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 12 19 theme responses 2262:2270 arg1 products 2156:2163 PG breakdown products 2143:2163 PG breakdown products 2143:2163 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 5 20 theme PG 1165:1166 arg1 turnover 1168:1175 rapid sidewall PG turnover 1150:1175 rapid sidewall PG turnover 1150:1175 In contrast, B. subtilis exhibited rapid sidewall PG turnover in similar FDAA-labeling experiments. 26303829 11 21 theme bacterial 2028:2036 arg1 species 2038:2044 many bacterial species 2023:2044 many bacterial species 2023:2044 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls are unique to eubacteria, and many bacterial species turn over and recycle their PG during growth, stress, colonization, and virulence. 26303829 0 22 theme Host-Relevant 154:166 arg1 Biofilms 168:175 Host-Relevant Biofilms 154:175 Host-Relevant Biofilms 154:175 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 10 23 theme PG 1935:1936 arg1 turnover 1938:1945 the PG turnover 1931:1945 the PG turnover in rod-shaped cells 1931:1965 We conclude that growing S. pneumoniae cells exhibit minimal PG turnover compared to the PG turnover in rod-shaped cells. 26303829 6 24 theme peptides 1296:1303 arg1 analysis 1261:1268 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis 1215:1268 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG 1215:1325 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 0 25 theme Planktonically 132:145 arg1 Mutants 84:90 PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants 53:90 PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically 53:145 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 15 26 theme breakdown 2710:2718 arg1 products 2720:2727 PG breakdown products 2707:2727 PG breakdown products 2707:2727 These findings suggest that S. pneumoniae minimizes the release of PG breakdown products by turnover, which may contribute to evasion of the innate immune system. 26303829 4 27 theme brain 906:910 arg1 broth 927:931 rich brain heart infusion broth 901:931 rich brain heart infusion broth 901:931 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 2 28 from reports 527:533 arg1 subtilis 562:569 Bacillus subtilis 553:569 Bacillus subtilis 553:569 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 12 29 theme breakdown 2146:2154 arg1 activators 2234:2243 activators 2234:2243 activators of innate immune responses 2234:2270 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 12 29 theme breakdown 2146:2154 arg1 products 2156:2163 PG breakdown products 2143:2163 PG breakdown products 2143:2163 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 12 29 theme breakdown 2146:2154 arg1 signals 2174:2180 signals 2174:2180 signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance 2174:2225 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 14 30 theme minimal 2545:2551 arg1 turnover 2553:2560 minimal turnover 2545:2560 minimal turnover 2545:2560 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 2 31 theme published 517:525 arg1 reports 527:533 published reports 517:533 published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis 517:569 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 12 32 theme innate 2248:2253 arg1 responses 2262:2270 innate immune responses 2248:2270 innate immune responses 2248:2270 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 6 33 theme low 1364:1366 arg1 levels 1368:1373 low levels 1364:1373 low levels 1364:1373 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 14 34 theme synthesis 2531:2539 arg1 regions 2513:2519 regions 2513:2519 regions 2513:2519 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 14 34 theme synthesis 2531:2539 arg1 regions 2491:2497 regions 2491:2497 regions of old PG 2491:2507 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 9 35 theme hydrolase 1712:1720 arg1 mutants 1722:1728 PG hydrolase mutants 1709:1728 PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement 1709:1773 In PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement, FDAA labeling revealed patches of inert PG at turns and bulge points. 26303829 12 36 theme antibiotic 2205:2214 arg1 resistance 2216:2225 antibiotic resistance 2205:2225 antibiotic resistance 2205:2225 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 11 37 theme many 2023:2026 arg1 species 2038:2044 many bacterial species 2023:2044 many bacterial species 2023:2044 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls are unique to eubacteria, and many bacterial species turn over and recycle their PG during growth, stress, colonization, and virulence. 26303829 10 38 theme minimal 1899:1905 arg1 turnover 1910:1917 minimal PG turnover 1899:1917 minimal PG turnover 1899:1917 We conclude that growing S. pneumoniae cells exhibit minimal PG turnover compared to the PG turnover in rod-shaped cells. 26303829 0 39 theme Hydrolase 56:64 arg1 Mutants 84:90 PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants 53:90 PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically 53:145 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 12 40 theme immune 2255:2260 arg1 responses 2262:2270 innate immune responses 2248:2270 innate immune responses 2248:2270 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 0 41 dep Streptococcus 95:107 arg1 pneumoniae 109:118 pneumoniae 109:118 pneumoniae 109:118 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 14 42 theme new 2524:2526 arg1 synthesis 2531:2539 new PG synthesis 2524:2539 new PG synthesis 2524:2539 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 4 43 theme D39 937:939 arg1 cells 941:945 D39 cells 937:945 D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source 937:1033 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 12 44 theme PG 2143:2144 arg1 activators 2234:2243 activators 2234:2243 activators of innate immune responses 2234:2270 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 12 44 theme PG 2143:2144 arg1 products 2156:2163 PG breakdown products 2143:2163 PG breakdown products 2143:2163 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 12 44 theme PG 2143:2144 arg1 signals 2174:2180 signals 2174:2180 signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance 2174:2225 Consequently, PG breakdown products serve as signals for bacteria to induce antibiotic resistance and as activators of innate immune responses. 26303829 0 45 theme Cell 70:73 arg1 Division 75:82 Cell Division 70:82 Cell Division 70:82 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 13 46 theme respiratory 2386:2396 arg1 diseases 2411:2418 serious respiratory and invasive diseases 2378:2418 serious respiratory and invasive diseases 2378:2418 S. pneumoniae is a commensal bacterium that colonizes the human nasopharynx and opportunistically causes serious respiratory and invasive diseases. 26303829 7 47 theme PG 1539:1540 arg1 remodeling 1542:1551 PG remodeling 1539:1551 PG remodeling 1539:1551 PG dynamics were also visualized in mutants lacking PG hydrolases that mediate PG remodeling, cell separation, or autolysis and in cells lacking the MapZ and DivIVA division regulators. 26303829 9 48 theme division 1750:1757 arg1 placement 1765:1773 aberrant division plane placement 1741:1773 aberrant division plane placement 1741:1773 In PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement, FDAA labeling revealed patches of inert PG at turns and bulge points. 26303829 13 49 theme invasive 2402:2409 arg1 diseases 2411:2418 serious respiratory and invasive diseases 2378:2418 serious respiratory and invasive diseases 2378:2418 S. pneumoniae is a commensal bacterium that colonizes the human nasopharynx and opportunistically causes serious respiratory and invasive diseases. 26303829 5 50 theme rapid 1150:1154 arg1 turnover 1168:1175 rapid sidewall PG turnover 1150:1175 rapid sidewall PG turnover 1150:1175 In contrast, B. subtilis exhibited rapid sidewall PG turnover in similar FDAA-labeling experiments. 26303829 0 51 theme PG 53:54 arg1 Hydrolase 56:64 PG Hydrolase 53:64 PG Hydrolase 53:64 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 0 52 theme Minimal 0:6 arg1 PG 23:24 PG 23:24 PG 23:24 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 0 52 theme Minimal 0:6 arg1 Peptidoglycan 8:20 Minimal Peptidoglycan 0:20 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) 0:25 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 1 53 theme wall 260:263 arg1 turnover 220:227 turnover 220:227 turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 220:339 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 10 54 from turnover 1938:1945 arg1 cells 1961:1965 rod-shaped cells 1950:1965 rod-shaped cells 1950:1965 We conclude that growing S. pneumoniae cells exhibit minimal PG turnover compared to the PG turnover in rod-shaped cells. 26303829 9 55 theme FDAA 1776:1779 arg1 labeling 1781:1788 FDAA labeling 1776:1788 FDAA labeling 1776:1788 In PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement, FDAA labeling revealed patches of inert PG at turns and bulge points. 26303829 4 56 theme PG 792:793 arg1 turnover 795:802 minimal PG turnover 784:802 minimal PG turnover 784:802 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 2 57 theme little 438:443 arg1 turnover 445:452 little turnover 438:452 little turnover 438:452 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 7 58 theme DivIVA 1618:1623 arg1 regulators 1634:1643 DivIVA division regulators 1618:1643 DivIVA division regulators 1618:1643 PG dynamics were also visualized in mutants lacking PG hydrolases that mediate PG remodeling, cell separation, or autolysis and in cells lacking the MapZ and DivIVA division regulators. 26303829 4 59 theme PG 843:844 arg1 regions 819:825 hemispherical regions 805:825 hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG 805:844 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 1 60 theme bacterial 282:290 arg1 pneumococcus 327:338 pneumococcus 327:338 pneumococcus 327:338 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 1 60 theme bacterial 282:290 arg1 pneumoniae 315:324 the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 268:324 the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 268:339 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 14 61 theme old 2502:2504 arg1 PG 2506:2507 old PG 2502:2507 old PG 2502:2507 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 2 62 theme breakdown 472:480 arg1 products 482:489 PG breakdown products 469:489 PG breakdown products 469:489 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 3 63 theme d-amino 686:692 arg1 acid 694:697 d-amino acid 686:697 fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes 674:711 PG dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis. 26303829 3 63 theme d-amino 686:692 arg1 FDAA 700:703 FDAA 700:703 FDAA 700:703 PG dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis. 26303829 6 64 theme PG 1389:1390 arg1 peptides 1392:1399 pentamer PG peptides 1380:1399 pentamer PG peptides 1380:1399 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 1 65 theme Streptococcus 301:313 arg1 pneumococcus 327:338 pneumococcus 327:338 pneumococcus 327:338 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 1 65 theme Streptococcus 301:313 arg1 pneumoniae 315:324 the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 268:324 the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 268:339 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 13 66 theme human 2331:2335 arg1 nasopharynx 2337:2347 the human nasopharynx 2327:2347 the human nasopharynx 2327:2347 S. pneumoniae is a commensal bacterium that colonizes the human nasopharynx and opportunistically causes serious respiratory and invasive diseases. 26303829 9 67 theme PG 1816:1817 arg1 patches 1799:1805 patches 1799:1805 patches of inert PG 1799:1817 In PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement, FDAA labeling revealed patches of inert PG at turns and bulge points. 26303829 14 68 from regions 2491:2497 arg1 cells 2585:2589 S. pneumoniae cells 2571:2589 S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms 2571:2637 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 4 69 theme stable 830:835 arg1 PG 843:844 stable "old" PG 830:844 stable "old" PG 830:844 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 5 70 theme similar 1180:1186 arg1 experiments 1202:1212 similar FDAA-labeling experiments 1180:1212 similar FDAA-labeling experiments 1180:1212 In contrast, B. subtilis exhibited rapid sidewall PG turnover in similar FDAA-labeling experiments. 26303829 4 71 theme old 838:840 arg1 PG 843:844 stable "old" PG 830:844 stable "old" PG 830:844 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 2 72 theme serotype 369:376 arg1 strain 380:385 serotype 2 strain D39 369:389 serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine 369:427 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 2 73 with strain 380:385 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 409:427 N-acetylglucosamine 409:427 N-acetylglucosamine 409:427 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 10 74 theme rod-shaped 1950:1959 arg1 cells 1961:1965 rod-shaped cells 1950:1965 rod-shaped cells 1950:1965 We conclude that growing S. pneumoniae cells exhibit minimal PG turnover compared to the PG turnover in rod-shaped cells. 26303829 9 75 theme bulge 1832:1836 arg1 points 1838:1843 bulge points 1832:1843 bulge points 1832:1843 In PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement, FDAA labeling revealed patches of inert PG at turns and bulge points. 26303829 2 76 from subtilis 562:569 arg1 reports 527:533 published reports 517:533 published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis 517:569 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 14 77 from turnover 2553:2560 arg1 cells 2585:2589 S. pneumoniae cells 2571:2589 S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms 2571:2637 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 10 78 theme growing 1863:1869 arg1 cells 1885:1889 growing S. pneumoniae cells 1863:1889 growing S. pneumoniae cells 1863:1889 We conclude that growing S. pneumoniae cells exhibit minimal PG turnover compared to the PG turnover in rod-shaped cells. 26303829 6 79 theme PG 1447:1448 arg1 peptides 1450:1457 PG peptides 1447:1457 PG peptides 1447:1457 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 5 80 theme sidewall 1156:1163 arg1 turnover 1168:1175 rapid sidewall PG turnover 1150:1175 rapid sidewall PG turnover 1150:1175 In contrast, B. subtilis exhibited rapid sidewall PG turnover in similar FDAA-labeling experiments. 26303829 15 81 theme PG 2707:2708 arg1 products 2720:2727 PG breakdown products 2707:2727 PG breakdown products 2707:2727 These findings suggest that S. pneumoniae minimizes the release of PG breakdown products by turnover, which may contribute to evasion of the innate immune system. 26303829 4 82 theme D39 1043:1045 arg1 cells 1047:1051 D39 cells 1043:1051 D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells 1043:1112 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 4 83 contain containing 982:991 arg2 source 1028:1033 the carbon source 1017:1033 the carbon source 1017:1033 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 4 83 contain containing 982:991 arg2 galactose 1004:1012 galactose 1004:1012 galactose 1004:1012 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 4 83 contain containing 982:991 arg2 glucose 993:999 glucose 993:999 glucose 993:999 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 4 83 contain containing 982:991 arg1 medium 975:980 chemically defined medium 956:980 chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source 956:1033 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 4 84 theme human 1091:1095 arg1 cells 1108:1112 fixed human epithelial cells 1085:1112 fixed human epithelial cells 1085:1112 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 15 85 theme products 2720:2727 arg1 release 2696:2702 the release 2692:2702 the release of PG breakdown products 2692:2727 These findings suggest that S. pneumoniae minimizes the release of PG breakdown products by turnover, which may contribute to evasion of the innate immune system. 26303829 2 86 theme PG 469:470 arg1 products 482:489 PG breakdown products 469:489 PG breakdown products 469:489 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 4 87 theme D39 859:861 arg1 serotype 874:881 serotype 4 874:883 serotype 4 874:883 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 4 87 theme D39 859:861 arg1 cells 886:890 D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells 859:890 D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth 859:931 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 2 88 from experiments 354:364 arg1 strain 380:385 serotype 2 strain D39 369:389 serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine 369:427 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 4 89 theme cells 1108:1112 arg1 layer 1076:1080 a layer 1074:1080 a layer of fixed human epithelial cells 1074:1112 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 14 90 from cells 2585:2589 arg1 regions 2513:2519 regions 2513:2519 regions 2513:2519 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 14 90 from cells 2585:2589 arg1 regions 2491:2497 regions 2491:2497 regions of old PG 2491:2507 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 3 91 theme PG 754:755 arg1 synthesis 757:765 new PG synthesis 750:765 new PG synthesis 750:765 PG dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis. 26303829 6 92 theme liquid 1232:1237 arg1 chromatography 1239:1252 High-performance liquid chromatography 1215:1252 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG 1215:1325 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 6 92 theme liquid 1232:1237 arg1 HPLC 1255:1258 HPLC 1255:1258 HPLC 1255:1258 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 8 93 theme stable 1675:1680 arg1 PG 1686:1687 stable old PG 1675:1687 stable old PG 1675:1687 In all cases, hemispheres of stable old PG were maintained. 26303829 4 94 theme TIGR4 867:871 arg1 serotype 874:881 serotype 4 874:883 serotype 4 874:883 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 4 94 theme TIGR4 867:871 arg1 cells 886:890 D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells 859:890 D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth 859:931 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 15 95 theme immune 2788:2793 arg1 system 2795:2800 the innate immune system 2777:2800 the innate immune system 2777:2800 These findings suggest that S. pneumoniae minimizes the release of PG breakdown products by turnover, which may contribute to evasion of the innate immune system. 26303829 3 96 theme PG 572:573 arg1 dynamics 575:582 PG dynamics 572:582 PG dynamics 572:582 PG dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis. 26303829 8 97 theme PG 1686:1687 arg1 hemispheres 1660:1670 hemispheres 1660:1670 hemispheres of stable old PG 1660:1687 In all cases, hemispheres of stable old PG were maintained. 26303829 4 98 theme heart 912:916 arg1 broth 927:931 rich brain heart infusion broth 901:931 rich brain heart infusion broth 901:931 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 10 99 theme PG 1907:1908 arg1 turnover 1910:1917 minimal PG turnover 1899:1917 minimal PG turnover 1899:1917 We conclude that growing S. pneumoniae cells exhibit minimal PG turnover compared to the PG turnover in rod-shaped cells. 26303829 0 100 theme Growing 124:130 arg1 Planktonically 132:145 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically 95:145 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically 95:145 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 3 101 theme long-pulse-chase-new-labeling 612:640 arg1 experiments 642:652 long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments 612:652 long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis 612:765 PG dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis. 26303829 6 102 dep S. 1310:1311 arg1 pneumoniae 1313:1322 pneumoniae 1313:1322 pneumoniae 1313:1322 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 14 103 theme S. 2571:2572 arg1 cells 2585:2589 S. pneumoniae cells 2571:2589 S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms 2571:2637 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 2 104 theme turnover 541:548 arg1 reports 527:533 published reports 517:533 published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis 517:569 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 14 105 theme PG 2565:2566 arg1 synthesis 2531:2539 new PG synthesis 2524:2539 new PG synthesis 2524:2539 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 14 105 theme PG 2565:2566 arg1 turnover 2553:2560 minimal turnover 2545:2560 minimal turnover 2545:2560 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 4 106 with Consistent 768:777 arg1 turnover 795:802 minimal PG turnover 784:802 minimal PG turnover 784:802 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 6 107 theme released 1287:1294 arg1 peptides 1296:1303 biochemically released peptides 1273:1303 biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG 1273:1325 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 11 108 theme PG 1979:1980 arg1 walls 1987:1991 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls 1968:1991 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls 1968:1991 IMPORTANCE PG cell walls are unique to eubacteria, and many bacterial species turn over and recycle their PG during growth, stress, colonization, and virulence. 26303829 14 109 theme turnover 2553:2560 arg1 regions 2513:2519 regions 2513:2519 regions 2513:2519 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 14 109 theme turnover 2553:2560 arg1 regions 2491:2497 regions 2491:2497 regions of old PG 2491:2507 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 4 110 theme rich 901:904 arg1 broth 927:931 rich brain heart infusion broth 901:931 rich brain heart infusion broth 901:931 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 2 111 from turnover 541:548 arg1 subtilis 562:569 Bacillus subtilis 553:569 Bacillus subtilis 553:569 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 6 112 theme pentamer 1380:1387 arg1 peptides 1392:1399 pentamer PG peptides 1380:1399 pentamer PG peptides 1380:1399 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 7 113 theme cell 1554:1557 arg1 separation 1559:1568 cell separation 1554:1568 cell separation 1554:1568 PG dynamics were also visualized in mutants lacking PG hydrolases that mediate PG remodeling, cell separation, or autolysis and in cells lacking the MapZ and DivIVA division regulators. 26303829 9 114 theme PG 1709:1710 arg1 mutants 1722:1728 PG hydrolase mutants 1709:1728 PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement 1709:1773 In PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement, FDAA labeling revealed patches of inert PG at turns and bulge points. 26303829 9 115 theme aberrant 1741:1748 arg1 placement 1765:1773 aberrant division plane placement 1741:1773 aberrant division plane placement 1741:1773 In PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement, FDAA labeling revealed patches of inert PG at turns and bulge points. 26303829 14 116 theme PG 2528:2529 arg1 synthesis 2531:2539 new PG synthesis 2524:2539 new PG synthesis 2524:2539 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 4 117 theme defined 967:973 arg1 medium 975:980 chemically defined medium 956:980 chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source 956:1033 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 0 118 theme Division 75:82 arg1 Mutants 84:90 PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants 53:90 PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically 53:145 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 13 119 theme serious 2378:2384 arg1 diseases 2411:2418 serious respiratory and invasive diseases 2378:2418 serious respiratory and invasive diseases 2378:2418 S. pneumoniae is a commensal bacterium that colonizes the human nasopharynx and opportunistically causes serious respiratory and invasive diseases. 26303829 2 120 theme PG 538:539 arg1 turnover 541:548 PG turnover 538:548 PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis 538:569 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 15 121 theme system 2795:2800 arg1 evasion 2766:2772 evasion 2766:2772 evasion of the innate immune system 2766:2800 These findings suggest that S. pneumoniae minimizes the release of PG breakdown products by turnover, which may contribute to evasion of the innate immune system. 26303829 9 122 theme plane 1759:1763 arg1 placement 1765:1773 aberrant division plane placement 1741:1773 aberrant division plane placement 1741:1773 In PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement, FDAA labeling revealed patches of inert PG at turns and bulge points. 26303829 0 123 from Turnover 27:34 arg1 Biofilms 168:175 Host-Relevant Biofilms 154:175 Host-Relevant Biofilms 154:175 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 0 123 from Turnover 27:34 arg1 Wild-Type 39:47 Wild-Type 39:47 Wild-Type 39:47 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 4 124 theme hemispherical 805:817 arg1 regions 819:825 hemispherical regions 805:825 hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG 805:844 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 6 125 theme overall 1424:1430 arg1 composition 1432:1442 the overall composition 1420:1442 the overall composition of PG peptides 1420:1457 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 1 126 dep determined 192:201 arg1 UNLABELLED 178:187 UNLABELLED 178:187 UNLABELLED 178:187 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 9 127 theme inert 1810:1814 arg1 PG 1816:1817 inert PG 1810:1817 inert PG 1810:1817 In PG hydrolase mutants exhibiting aberrant division plane placement, FDAA labeling revealed patches of inert PG at turns and bulge points. 26303829 4 128 theme carbon 1021:1026 arg1 galactose 1004:1012 galactose 1004:1012 galactose 1004:1012 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 4 128 theme carbon 1021:1026 arg1 glucose 993:999 glucose 993:999 glucose 993:999 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 4 128 theme carbon 1021:1026 arg1 source 1028:1033 the carbon source 1017:1033 the carbon source 1017:1033 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 3 129 theme acid 694:697 arg1 probes 706:711 fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes 674:711 fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes 674:711 PG dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis. 26303829 4 130 theme minimal 784:790 arg1 turnover 795:802 minimal PG turnover 784:802 minimal PG turnover 784:802 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 6 131 from PG 1324:1325 arg1 peptides 1296:1303 biochemically released peptides 1273:1303 biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG 1273:1325 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 6 131 from PG 1324:1325 arg1 analysis 1261:1268 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis 1215:1268 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG 1215:1325 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 14 132 theme PG 2506:2507 arg1 regions 2513:2519 regions 2513:2519 regions 2513:2519 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 14 132 theme PG 2506:2507 arg1 regions 2491:2497 regions 2491:2497 regions of old PG 2491:2507 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 7 133 theme division 1625:1632 arg1 regulators 1634:1643 DivIVA division regulators 1618:1643 DivIVA division regulators 1618:1643 PG dynamics were also visualized in mutants lacking PG hydrolases that mediate PG remodeling, cell separation, or autolysis and in cells lacking the MapZ and DivIVA division regulators. 26303829 2 134 theme products 482:489 arg1 release 458:464 release 458:464 release of PG breakdown products 458:489 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 2 134 theme products 482:489 arg1 turnover 445:452 little turnover 438:452 little turnover 438:452 Pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain D39 radiolabeled with N-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of PG breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of PG turnover in Bacillus subtilis. 26303829 3 135 theme fluorescent 674:684 arg1 probes 706:711 fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes 674:711 fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes 674:711 PG dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis. 26303829 4 136 theme " 841:841 arg1 PG 843:844 stable "old" PG 830:844 stable "old" PG 830:844 Consistent with minimal PG turnover, hemispherical regions of stable "old" PG persisted in D39 and TIGR4 (serotype 4) cells grown in rich brain heart infusion broth, in D39 cells grown in chemically defined medium containing glucose or galactose as the carbon source, and in D39 cells grown as biofilms on a layer of fixed human epithelial cells. 26303829 1 137 theme pathogen 292:299 arg1 pneumococcus 327:338 pneumococcus 327:338 pneumococcus 327:338 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 1 137 theme pathogen 292:299 arg1 pneumoniae 315:324 the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 268:324 the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 268:339 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 7 138 theme PG 1512:1513 arg1 hydrolases 1515:1524 PG hydrolases 1512:1524 PG hydrolases that mediate PG remodeling, cell separation, or autolysis 1512:1582 PG dynamics were also visualized in mutants lacking PG hydrolases that mediate PG remodeling, cell separation, or autolysis and in cells lacking the MapZ and DivIVA division regulators. 26303829 0 139 theme D39 120:122 arg1 Planktonically 132:145 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically 95:145 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically 95:145 Minimal Peptidoglycan (PG) Turnover in Wild-Type and PG Hydrolase and Cell Division Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Growing Planktonically and in Host-Relevant Biofilms. 26303829 10 140 dep S. 1871:1872 arg1 pneumoniae 1874:1883 pneumoniae 1874:1883 pneumoniae 1874:1883 We conclude that growing S. pneumoniae cells exhibit minimal PG turnover compared to the PG turnover in rod-shaped cells. 26303829 3 141 theme probes 706:711 arg1 colors 664:669 two colors 660:669 two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes 660:711 PG dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) probes to microscopically detect regions of new PG synthesis. 26303829 1 142 theme pneumoniae 315:324 arg1 wall 260:263 the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall 232:263 the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 232:339 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 26303829 6 143 theme S. 1310:1311 arg1 PG 1324:1325 S. pneumoniae PG 1310:1325 S. pneumoniae PG 1310:1325 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 5 144 theme FDAA-labeling 1188:1200 arg1 experiments 1202:1212 similar FDAA-labeling experiments 1180:1212 similar FDAA-labeling experiments 1180:1212 In contrast, B. subtilis exhibited rapid sidewall PG turnover in similar FDAA-labeling experiments. 26303829 14 145 theme distinct 2462:2469 arg1 demarcation 2471:2481 a distinct demarcation 2460:2481 a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms 2460:2637 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 13 146 theme commensal 2292:2300 arg1 bacterium 2302:2310 a commensal bacterium 2290:2310 a commensal bacterium that colonizes the human nasopharynx and opportunistically causes serious respiratory and invasive diseases 2290:2418 S. pneumoniae is a commensal bacterium that colonizes the human nasopharynx and opportunistically causes serious respiratory and invasive diseases. 26303829 13 146 theme commensal 2292:2300 arg1 pneumoniae 2276:2285 S. pneumoniae 2273:2285 S. pneumoniae 2273:2285 S. pneumoniae is a commensal bacterium that colonizes the human nasopharynx and opportunistically causes serious respiratory and invasive diseases. 26303829 14 147 theme host-relevant 2616:2628 arg1 biofilms 2630:2637 host-relevant biofilms 2616:2637 host-relevant biofilms 2616:2637 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 14 148 from synthesis 2531:2539 arg1 cells 2585:2589 S. pneumoniae cells 2571:2589 S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms 2571:2637 The results presented here demonstrate a distinct demarcation between regions of old PG and regions of new PG synthesis and minimal turnover of PG in S. pneumoniae cells growing in culture or in host-relevant biofilms. 26303829 10 149 theme S. 1871:1872 arg1 cells 1885:1889 growing S. pneumoniae cells 1863:1889 growing S. pneumoniae cells 1863:1889 We conclude that growing S. pneumoniae cells exhibit minimal PG turnover compared to the PG turnover in rod-shaped cells. 26303829 6 150 from analysis 1261:1268 arg1 PG 1324:1325 S. pneumoniae PG 1310:1325 S. pneumoniae PG 1310:1325 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 6 151 theme peptides 1450:1457 arg1 composition 1432:1442 the overall composition 1420:1442 the overall composition of PG peptides 1420:1457 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of biochemically released peptides from S. pneumoniae PG validated that FDAAs incorporated at low levels into pentamer PG peptides and did not change the overall composition of PG peptides. 26303829 1 152 theme peptidoglycan 236:248 arg1 wall 260:263 the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall 232:263 the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 232:339 UNLABELLED We determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). 24425744 8 0 theme relatedness 935:945 arg1 level 918:922 The level 914:922 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and this phylogenetically related species 914:1013 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and this phylogenetically related species was 17 %. 24425744 8 0 theme relatedness 935:945 arg1 % 1022:1022 17 % 1019:1022 17 % 1019:1022 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and this phylogenetically related species was 17 %. 24425744 10 1 theme polar 1143:1147 arg1 pattern 1155:1161 The polar lipid pattern 1139:1161 The polar lipid pattern of strain H9B(T) 1139:1178 The polar lipid pattern of strain H9B(T) consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, four phospholipids and an aminolipid. 24425744 6 2 theme strain 735:740 arg1 H9B 742:744 strain H9B 735:744 strain H9B(T) 735:747 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H9B(T) is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 24425744 6 2 theme strain 735:740 arg1 member 754:759 a member 752:759 a member of the genus Oceanobacillus 752:787 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H9B(T) is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 24425744 6 2 theme strain 735:740 arg1 T 746:746 T 746:746 T 746:746 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H9B(T) is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 24425744 2 3 from Iran 283:286 arg1 sample 237:242 a mud sample 231:242 a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 231:286 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 15 4 theme  = KCTC 1748:1754 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 4 theme  = KCTC 1748:1754 arg1 7997 1772:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997 1730:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T) 1730:1778 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 7 5 theme gene 887:890 arg1 similarity 902:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 10 6 theme strain 1166:1171 arg1 T 1177:1177 T 1177:1177 T 1177:1177 The polar lipid pattern of strain H9B(T) consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, four phospholipids and an aminolipid. 24425744 10 6 theme strain 1166:1171 arg1 H9B 1173:1175 strain H9B 1166:1175 strain H9B(T) 1166:1178 The polar lipid pattern of strain H9B(T) consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, four phospholipids and an aminolipid. 24425744 2 7 theme mud 233:235 arg1 sample 237:242 a mud sample 231:242 a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 231:286 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 6 8 theme gene 706:709 arg1 sequences 711:719 16S rRNA gene sequences 697:719 16S rRNA gene sequences 697:719 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H9B(T) is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 24425744 4 9 theme % 463:463 arg1 NaCl 471:474 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl 459:474 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl 459:474 Growth occurred between 2.5 and 10 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 24425744 13 10 theme relatedness 1514:1524 arg1 data 1526:1529 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1506:1529 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1506:1529 Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 7 11 theme 16S 878:880 arg1 similarity 902:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 2 12 theme Aran-Bidgol 268:278 arg1 sample 237:242 a mud sample 231:242 a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 231:286 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 8 13 theme related 999:1005 arg1 species 1007:1013 this phylogenetically related species 977:1013 this phylogenetically related species 977:1013 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and this phylogenetically related species was 17 %. 24425744 6 14 theme genus 768:772 arg1 Oceanobacillus 774:787 the genus Oceanobacillus 764:787 the genus Oceanobacillus 764:787 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H9B(T) is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 24425744 7 15 theme 97.1  871:875 arg1 % 876:876 % 876:876 % 876:876 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 2 16 theme hypersaline 251:261 arg1 lake 263:266 the hypersaline lake 247:266 the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 247:286 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 11 17 from acid 1350:1353 arg1 peptidoglycan 1372:1384 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1358:1384 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1358:1384 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24425744 13 18 theme phylogenetic 1480:1491 arg1 analysis 1493:1500 phylogenetic analysis 1480:1500 phylogenetic analysis 1480:1500 Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 9 19 theme major 1029:1033 arg1 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 9 19 theme major 1029:1033 arg1 acids 1050:1054 The major cellular fatty acids 1025:1054 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate 1025:1069 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 9 20 theme fatty 1044:1048 arg1 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 9 20 theme fatty 1044:1048 arg1 acids 1050:1054 The major cellular fatty acids 1025:1054 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate 1025:1069 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 2 21 from sample 237:242 arg1 Iran 283:286 Iran 283:286 Iran 283:286 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 7 22 theme closest 794:800 arg1 CL-MP28 855:861 Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28 830:861 Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) 830:864 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 7 22 theme closest 794:800 arg1 relative 802:809 The closest relative 790:809 The closest relative to this strain 790:824 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 5 23 theme pH 601:602 arg1 ranges 620:625 pH and temperature ranges 601:625 ranges 620:625 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6-10 and 25-45 °C, respectively. 24425744 9 24 theme isolate 1063:1069 arg1 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 9 24 theme isolate 1063:1069 arg1 acids 1050:1054 The major cellular fatty acids 1025:1054 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate 1025:1069 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 2 25 attach isolated 217:224 arg2 bacterium 176:184 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium 82:184 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium 82:184 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 2 25 attach isolated 217:224 arg1 sample 237:242 a mud sample 231:242 a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 231:286 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 13 26 theme limi 1646:1649 arg1 sp 1651:1652 the name Oceanobacillus limi sp 1622:1652 the name Oceanobacillus limi sp 1622:1652 Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 5 27 theme temperature 608:618 arg1 ranges 620:625 pH and temperature ranges 601:625 ranges 620:625 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6-10 and 25-45 °C, respectively. 24425744 5 28 theme optimum 481:487 arg1 pH 489:490 optimum pH 481:490 optimum pH 481:490 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6-10 and 25-45 °C, respectively. 24425744 12 29 theme mol 1446:1448 arg1 content 1395:1401 The G+C content 1387:1401 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain 1387:1435 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 37.1 mol%. 24425744 12 29 theme mol 1446:1448 arg1 % 1449:1449 37.1 mol% 1441:1449 37.1 mol% 1441:1449 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 37.1 mol%. 24425744 13 30 theme Phenotypic 1452:1461 arg1 characteristics 1463:1477 Phenotypic characteristics 1452:1477 Phenotypic characteristics 1452:1477 Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 15 31 theme  = CECT 1764:1770 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 31 theme  = CECT 1764:1770 arg1 7997 1772:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997 1730:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T) 1730:1778 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 12 32 theme DNA 1418:1420 arg1 content 1395:1401 The G+C content 1387:1401 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain 1387:1435 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 37.1 mol%. 24425744 12 32 theme DNA 1418:1420 arg1 % 1449:1449 37.1 mol% 1441:1449 37.1 mol% 1441:1449 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 37.1 mol%. 24425744 3 33 theme strain 298:303 arg1 H9B 305:307 strain H9B 298:307 strain H9B(T) 298:310 Cells of strain H9B(T) were motile and produced colonies with a yellowish-grey pigment. 24425744 3 33 theme strain 298:303 arg1 T 309:309 T 309:309 T 309:309 Cells of strain H9B(T) were motile and produced colonies with a yellowish-grey pigment. 24425744 4 34 dep % 463:463 arg1 w/v 466:468 w/v 466:468 w/v 466:468 Growth occurred between 2.5 and 10 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 24425744 15 35 theme T 1762:1762 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 35 theme T 1762:1762 arg1 7997 1772:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997 1730:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T) 1730:1778 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 13 36 theme name 1626:1629 arg1 sp 1651:1652 the name Oceanobacillus limi sp 1622:1652 the name Oceanobacillus limi sp 1622:1652 Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 3 37 theme yellowish-grey 353:366 arg1 pigment 368:374 a yellowish-grey pigment 351:374 a yellowish-grey pigment 351:374 Cells of strain H9B(T) were motile and produced colonies with a yellowish-grey pigment. 24425744 0 38 theme Oceanobacillus 0:13 arg1 sp 20:21 Oceanobacillus limi sp 0:21 Oceanobacillus limi sp. 0:22 Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 4 39 theme 7.5  459:462 arg1 % 463:463 % 463:463 % 463:463 Growth occurred between 2.5 and 10 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 24425744 13 40 theme genus 1590:1594 arg1 Oceanobacillus 1596:1609 the genus Oceanobacillus 1586:1609 the genus Oceanobacillus 1586:1609 Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 4 41 dep % 412:412 arg1 10  409:411 10  409:411 10  409:411 Growth occurred between 2.5 and 10 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 24425744 4 41 dep % 412:412 arg1 w/v 415:417 w/v 415:417 w/v 415:417 Growth occurred between 2.5 and 10 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 24425744 4 41 dep % 412:412 arg1 2.5 401:403 2.5 401:403 2.5 401:403 Growth occurred between 2.5 and 10 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 24425744 6 42 theme rRNA 701:704 arg1 sequences 711:719 16S rRNA gene sequences 697:719 16S rRNA gene sequences 697:719 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H9B(T) is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 24425744 2 43 dep Gram-stain-positive 84:102 arg1 endospore-forming 105:121 endospore-forming 105:121 endospore-forming 105:121 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 2 43 dep Gram-stain-positive 84:102 arg1 halophilic 165:174 halophilic 165:174 halophilic 165:174 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 2 43 dep Gram-stain-positive 84:102 arg1 rod-shaped 124:133 rod-shaped 124:133 rod-shaped 124:133 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 2 43 dep Gram-stain-positive 84:102 arg1 aerobic 145:151 aerobic 145:151 aerobic 145:151 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 4 44 dep NaCl 420:423 arg1 % 412:412 % 412:412 % 412:412 Growth occurred between 2.5 and 10 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 24425744 2 45 theme strain 198:203 arg1 T 209:209 T 209:209 T 209:209 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 2 45 theme strain 198:203 arg1 H9B 205:207 strain H9B 198:207 strain H9B(T) 198:210 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 1 46 from lake 76:79 arg1 bacterium 54:62 a moderately halophilic bacterium 30:62 a moderately halophilic bacterium from a salt lake 30:79 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a salt lake. 24425744 1 46 from lake 76:79 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a salt lake. 24425744 5 47 theme strain 526:531 arg1 growth 512:517 growth 512:517 growth of the strain 512:531 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6-10 and 25-45 °C, respectively. 24425744 8 48 theme DNA-DNA 927:933 arg1 relatedness 935:945 DNA-DNA relatedness 927:945 DNA-DNA relatedness 927:945 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and this phylogenetically related species was 17 %. 24425744 11 49 dep menaquinone 1314:1324 arg1 the 1298:1300 the 1298:1300 the 1298:1300 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24425744 7 50 dep Oceanobacillus 830:843 arg1 profundus 845:853 profundus 845:853 profundus 845:853 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 2 51 theme Gram-stain-positive 84:102 arg1 bacterium 176:184 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium 82:184 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium 82:184 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 7 52 theme sequences 892:900 arg1 similarity 902:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 7 53 theme rRNA 882:885 arg1 similarity 902:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 8 54 theme novel 959:963 arg1 isolate 965:971 the novel isolate 955:971 the novel isolate 955:971 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and this phylogenetically related species was 17 %. 24425744 13 55 theme DNA-DNA 1506:1512 arg1 data 1526:1529 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1506:1529 DNA-DNA relatedness data 1506:1529 Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 7 56 theme % 876:876 arg1 similarity 902:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 6 57 theme Oceanobacillus 774:787 arg1 H9B 742:744 strain H9B 735:744 strain H9B(T) 735:747 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H9B(T) is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 24425744 6 57 theme Oceanobacillus 774:787 arg1 member 754:759 a member 752:759 a member of the genus Oceanobacillus 752:787 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H9B(T) is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 24425744 10 58 theme lipid 1149:1153 arg1 pattern 1155:1161 The polar lipid pattern 1139:1161 The polar lipid pattern of strain H9B(T) 1139:1178 The polar lipid pattern of strain H9B(T) consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, four phospholipids and an aminolipid. 24425744 2 59 theme lake 263:266 arg1 Aran-Bidgol 268:278 the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol 247:278 the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 247:286 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 8 60 theme phylogenetically 982:997 arg1 species 1007:1013 this phylogenetically related species 977:1013 this phylogenetically related species 977:1013 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and this phylogenetically related species was 17 %. 24425744 9 61 theme cellular 1035:1042 arg1 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 anteiso-C15  1076:1087 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 9 61 theme cellular 1035:1042 arg1 acids 1050:1054 The major cellular fatty acids 1025:1054 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate 1025:1069 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 11 62 theme predominant 1302:1312 arg1 menaquinone 1314:1324 predominant menaquinone 1302:1324 predominant menaquinone 1302:1324 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24425744 7 63 theme Oceanobacillus 830:843 arg1 CL-MP28 855:861 Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28 830:861 Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) 830:864 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 7 63 theme Oceanobacillus 830:843 arg1 relative 802:809 The closest relative 790:809 The closest relative to this strain 790:824 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 7 63 theme Oceanobacillus 830:843 arg1 T 863:863 T 863:863 T 863:863 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 11 64 from menaquinone 1314:1324 arg1 peptidoglycan 1372:1384 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1358:1384 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1358:1384 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24425744 13 65 theme Oceanobacillus 1631:1644 arg1 sp 1651:1652 the name Oceanobacillus limi sp 1622:1652 the name Oceanobacillus limi sp 1622:1652 Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 12 66 theme strain 1430:1435 arg1 DNA 1418:1420 the genomic DNA 1406:1420 the genomic DNA of this strain 1406:1435 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 37.1 mol%. 24425744 11 67 contain contained 1280:1288 arg1 It 1277:1278 It 1277:1278 It 1277:1278 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24425744 11 67 contain contained 1280:1288 arg2 MK-7 1290:1293 MK-7 1290:1293 MK-7 1290:1293 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24425744 15 68 theme strain 1715:1720 arg1 strain 1682:1687 The type strain 1673:1687 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi 1673:1710 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 68 theme strain 1715:1720 arg1 T 1726:1726 T 1726:1726 T 1726:1726 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 68 theme strain 1715:1720 arg1 H9B 1722:1724 strain H9B 1715:1724 strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)) 1715:1779 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 69 theme limi 1707:1710 arg1 strain 1682:1687 The type strain 1673:1687 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi 1673:1710 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 69 theme limi 1707:1710 arg1 H9B 1722:1724 strain H9B 1715:1724 strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)) 1715:1779 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 70 dep H9B 1722:1724 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 70 dep H9B 1722:1724 arg1 7997 1772:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997 1730:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T) 1730:1778 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 1 71 theme halophilic 43:52 arg1 bacterium 54:62 a moderately halophilic bacterium 30:62 a moderately halophilic bacterium from a salt lake 30:79 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a salt lake. 24425744 1 71 theme halophilic 43:52 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a salt lake. 24425744 2 72 from Aran-Bidgol 268:278 arg1 Iran 283:286 Iran 283:286 Iran 283:286 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H9B(T), was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 24425744 10 73 theme H9B 1173:1175 arg1 pattern 1155:1161 The polar lipid pattern 1139:1161 The polar lipid pattern of strain H9B(T) 1139:1178 The polar lipid pattern of strain H9B(T) consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, four phospholipids and an aminolipid. 24425744 12 74 theme genomic 1410:1416 arg1 DNA 1418:1420 the genomic DNA 1406:1420 the genomic DNA of this strain 1406:1435 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 37.1 mol%. 24425744 3 75 theme H9B 305:307 arg1 Cells 289:293 Cells 289:293 Cells of strain H9B(T) 289:310 Cells of strain H9B(T) were motile and produced colonies with a yellowish-grey pigment. 24425744 0 76 theme limi 15:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Oceanobacillus limi sp 0:21 Oceanobacillus limi sp. 0:22 Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 1 77 theme salt 71:74 arg1 lake 76:79 a salt lake 69:79 a salt lake 69:79 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a salt lake. 24425744 7 78 with CL-MP28 855:861 arg1 similarity 902:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity 871:911 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity. 24425744 9 79 dep anteiso-C15  1076:1087 arg1  0 1106:1107  0 1106:1107  0 1106:1107 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 9 79 dep anteiso-C15  1076:1087 arg1 iso-C16  1126:1133 iso-C16  1126:1133 iso-C16  1126:1133 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 9 79 dep anteiso-C15  1076:1087 arg1  0 1135:1136  0 1135:1136  0 1135:1136 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 9 79 dep anteiso-C15  1076:1087 arg1  0 1119:1120  0 1119:1120  0 1119:1120 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 9 79 dep anteiso-C15  1076:1087 arg1  0 1089:1090  0 1089:1090  0 1089:1090 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 24425744 15 80 theme type 1677:1680 arg1 strain 1682:1687 The type strain 1673:1687 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi 1673:1710 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 80 theme type 1677:1680 arg1 H9B 1722:1724 strain H9B 1715:1724 strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)) 1715:1779 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 5 81 theme °C 648:649 arg1 ranges 620:625 pH and temperature ranges 601:625 ranges 620:625 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6-10 and 25-45 °C, respectively. 24425744 15 82 theme T 1746:1746 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 82 theme T 1746:1746 arg1 7997 1772:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997 1730:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T) 1730:1778 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 12 83 theme G+C 1391:1393 arg1 content 1395:1401 The G+C content 1387:1401 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain 1387:1435 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 37.1 mol%. 24425744 12 83 theme G+C 1391:1393 arg1 % 1449:1449 37.1 mol% 1441:1449 37.1 mol% 1441:1449 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 37.1 mol%. 24425744 13 84 theme Oceanobacillus 1596:1609 arg1 species 1575:1581 a novel species 1567:1581 a novel species 1567:1581 Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 6 85 theme 16S 697:699 arg1 sequences 711:719 16S rRNA gene sequences 697:719 16S rRNA gene sequences 697:719 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H9B(T) is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 24425744 15 86 theme  = IBRC-M 1730:1738 arg1 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 T 1777:1777 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 15 86 theme  = IBRC-M 1730:1738 arg1 7997 1772:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997 1730:1775  = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T) 1730:1778 The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10780(T) = KCTC 13823(T) = CECT 7997(T)). 24425744 5 87 theme pH 630:631 arg1 ranges 620:625 pH and temperature ranges 601:625 ranges 620:625 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6-10 and 25-45 °C, respectively. 24425744 11 88 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1330:1348 arg1 acid 1350:1353 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1330:1353 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1330:1353 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24425744 6 89 theme Phylogenetic 666:677 arg1 analysis 679:686 Phylogenetic analysis 666:686 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 666:719 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H9B(T) is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 24425744 5 90 dep pH 489:490 arg1 The 477:479 The 477:479 The 477:479 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6-10 and 25-45 °C, respectively. 24425744 13 91 theme novel 1569:1573 arg1 species 1575:1581 a novel species 1567:1581 a novel species 1567:1581 Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus limi sp. 24425744 11 92 theme cell-wall 1362:1370 arg1 peptidoglycan 1372:1384 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1358:1384 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1358:1384 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 29133078 15 0 theme control 2977:2983 arg1 mice 2985:2988 control mice 2977:2988 control mice 2977:2988 REG3A TG mice developed only mild colonic inflammation after exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, compared with control mice. 29133078 2 1 from mice 573:576 arg1 development 547:557 development 547:557 development of colitis in mice 547:576 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 16 2 dep mice 2999:3002 arg1 given 3004:3008 given 3004:3008 given intrarectal hREG3A 3004:3027 Control mice given intrarectal hREG3A and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid showed less colon damage and inflammation than mice not given intrarectal hREG3A. 29133078 16 2 dep mice 2999:3002 arg1 exposed 3033:3039 exposed 3033:3039 exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 3033:3078 Control mice given intrarectal hREG3A and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid showed less colon damage and inflammation than mice not given intrarectal hREG3A. 29133078 7 3 theme human 1065:1069 arg1 transgene 1077:1085 human REG3A transgene 1065:1085 human REG3A transgene 1065:1085 The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. 29133078 18 4 theme bacteria 3391:3398 arg1 survival 3352:3359 survival 3352:3359 survival of oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis) 3352:3456 Addition of hREG3A to bacterial cultures reduced levels of ROS and increased survival of oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis). 29133078 10 5 theme transcriptional 1636:1650 arg1 analyses 1652:1659 transcriptional analyses 1636:1659 transcriptional analyses 1636:1659 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 3 6 theme albumin 713:719 arg1 promoter 726:733 the albumin gene promoter 709:733 the albumin gene promoter 709:733 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 18 7 dep bacteria 3391:3398 arg1 prausnitzii 3418:3428 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 3401:3428 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 3401:3428 Addition of hREG3A to bacterial cultures reduced levels of ROS and increased survival of oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis). 29133078 18 7 dep bacteria 3391:3398 arg1 intestinalis 3444:3455 Roseburia intestinalis 3434:3455 Roseburia intestinalis 3434:3455 Addition of hREG3A to bacterial cultures reduced levels of ROS and increased survival of oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis). 29133078 10 8 theme chain 1690:1694 arg1 reaction 1696:1703 quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1666:1703 quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1666:1703 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 14 9 theme REG3A-TG 2838:2845 arg1 mice 2847:2850 REG3A-TG mice 2838:2850 REG3A-TG mice 2838:2850 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 1 10 theme intestinal 287:296 arg1 microbiota 298:307 the intestinal microbiota 283:307 the intestinal microbiota 283:307 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 18 11 theme ROS 3334:3336 arg1 levels 3324:3329 levels 3324:3329 levels of ROS 3324:3336 Addition of hREG3A to bacterial cultures reduced levels of ROS and increased survival of oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis). 29133078 10 12 dep histology 1514:1522 arg1 detect 1552:1557 detect 1552:1557 to detect mucin 2 1549:1565 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 10 13 theme quantitative 1666:1677 arg1 reaction 1696:1703 quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1666:1703 quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1666:1703 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 16 14 theme 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 3044:3064 arg1 acid 3075:3078 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 3044:3078 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 3044:3078 Control mice given intrarectal hREG3A and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid showed less colon damage and inflammation than mice not given intrarectal hREG3A. 29133078 9 15 theme sulfonic 1377:1384 arg1 acid 1386:1389 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 1361:1389 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 1361:1389 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 14 16 theme survival 2785:2792 arg1 times 2794:2798 survival times 2785:2798 survival times 2785:2798 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 11 17 theme oxygen 1737:1742 arg1 ROS 1753:1755 ROS 1753:1755 ROS 1753:1755 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 11 17 theme oxygen 1737:1742 arg1 species 1744:1750 reactive oxygen species 1728:1750 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1728:1756 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 1 18 theme C-type 212:217 arg1 lectins 219:225 intestinal C-type lectins 201:225 intestinal C-type lectins 201:225 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 14 19 theme Cohoused 2587:2594 arg1 mice 2610:2613 Cohoused and germ-free mice 2587:2613 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS 2587:2656 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 2 20 theme colitis 562:568 arg1 development 547:557 development 547:557 development of colitis in mice 547:576 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 13 21 theme TG 2420:2421 arg1 mice 2423:2426 TG mice 2420:2426 TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth 2420:2504 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 12 22 theme fecal 1875:1879 arg1 microbiota 1881:1890 The fecal microbiota 1871:1890 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 1863:2328 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 14 23 theme receptor 2760:2767 arg1 activation 2732:2741 reduced lipopolysaccharide activation 2705:2741 reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 2705:2769 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 8 24 theme DSS-induced 1203:1213 arg1 colitis 1215:1221 DSS-induced colitis 1203:1221 DSS-induced colitis 1203:1221 Mice expressing hREG3A were monitored for DSS-induced colitis after cohousing or feeding feces from control mice. 29133078 17 25 theme ROS 3215:3217 arg1 levels 3205:3210 lower levels 3199:3210 lower levels of ROS 3199:3217 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. 29133078 13 26 theme heterozygous 2428:2439 arg1 mice 2423:2426 TG mice 2420:2426 TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth 2420:2504 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 13 27 theme less-severe 2528:2538 arg1 forms 2540:2544 less-severe forms 2528:2544 less-severe forms of colitis 2528:2555 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 9 28 dep control 1313:1319 arg1 mice 1335:1338 mice 1335:1338 mice 1335:1338 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 15 29 theme mild 2882:2885 arg1 inflammation 2895:2906 only mild colonic inflammation 2877:2906 only mild colonic inflammation 2877:2906 REG3A TG mice developed only mild colonic inflammation after exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, compared with control mice. 29133078 14 30 dep mice 2610:2613 arg1 fed 2615:2617 fed 2615:2617 fed feces from REG3A-TG mice 2615:2642 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 14 30 dep mice 2610:2613 arg1 given 2648:2652 given 2648:2652 given DSS 2648:2656 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 21 31 theme colitis 3753:3759 arg1 induction 3740:3748 induction 3740:3748 induction of colitis 3740:3759 Fecal microbiota from REG3A-TG mice protect non-TG mice from induction of colitis. 29133078 1 32 theme BACKGROUND 136:145 arg1 & 147:147 BACKGROUND & 136:147 BACKGROUND & 136:147 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 12 33 theme Clostridiales 2007:2019 arg1 enrichment 1993:2002 enrichment 1993:2002 enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) 1993:2054 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 12 33 theme Clostridiales 2007:2019 arg1 depletion 2060:2068 depletion 2060:2068 depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae) 2060:2102 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 22 34 theme oxidative 3810:3818 arg1 stress 3820:3825 oxidative stress 3810:3825 oxidative stress 3810:3825 These findings indicate a role for reduction of oxidative stress in preserving the gut microbiota and its ability to prevent inflammation. 29133078 6 35 theme RNA 972:974 arg1 sequencing 976:985 ribosomal RNA sequencing 962:985 ribosomal RNA sequencing 962:985 Feces were collected from mice and the composition of the microbiota was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. 29133078 14 36 theme reduced 2705:2711 arg1 activation 2732:2741 reduced lipopolysaccharide activation 2705:2741 reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 2705:2769 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 15 37 theme 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 2926:2946 arg1 acid 2957:2960 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 2926:2960 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 2926:2960 REG3A TG mice developed only mild colonic inflammation after exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, compared with control mice. 29133078 12 38 theme control 1974:1980 arg1 mice 1982:1985 control mice 1974:1985 control mice 1974:1985 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 14 39 from mice 2639:2642 arg1 feces 2619:2623 feces 2619:2623 feces from REG3A-TG mice 2619:2642 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 0 40 theme Alters the 55:64 arg1 Microbiota 77:86 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota 47:86 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota 47:86 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. 29133078 12 41 theme epithelial 2283:2292 arg1 inflammation 2294:2305 epithelial inflammation 2283:2305 epithelial inflammation 2283:2305 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 1 42 from deficiencies 185:196 arg1 lectins 219:225 intestinal C-type lectins 201:225 intestinal C-type lectins 201:225 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 1 42 from deficiencies 185:196 arg1 peptides 245:252 antimicrobial peptides 231:252 antimicrobial peptides 231:252 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 9 43 theme protein 1450:1456 arg1 injections 1425:1434 intrarectal injections 1413:1434 intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein 1413:1456 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 8 44 theme control 1261:1267 arg1 mice 1269:1272 control mice 1261:1272 control mice 1261:1272 Mice expressing hREG3A were monitored for DSS-induced colitis after cohousing or feeding feces from control mice. 29133078 3 45 dep METHODS 579:585 arg1 performed 590:598 performed 590:598 performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter 590:733 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 12 46 theme gut 2224:2226 arg1 integrity 2236:2244 preserved gut barrier integrity 2214:2244 preserved gut barrier integrity 2214:2244 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 22 47 theme gut 3845:3847 arg1 microbiota 3849:3858 the gut microbiota 3841:3858 the gut microbiota 3841:3858 These findings indicate a role for reduction of oxidative stress in preserving the gut microbiota and its ability to prevent inflammation. 29133078 17 48 theme REG3A-TG 3181:3188 arg1 mice 3190:3193 REG3A-TG mice 3181:3193 REG3A-TG mice 3181:3193 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. 29133078 0 49 theme Controls 92:99 arg1 Delivery 8:15 Enteric Delivery 0:15 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation 0:112 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. 29133078 1 50 theme bowel 379:383 arg1 diseases 385:392 inflammatory bowel diseases 366:392 inflammatory bowel diseases 366:392 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 13 51 theme fecal 2372:2376 arg1 microbiota 2378:2387 the fecal microbiota 2368:2387 the fecal microbiota 2368:2387 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 6 52 theme microbiota 931:940 arg1 composition 912:922 the composition 908:922 the composition of the microbiota 908:940 Feces were collected from mice and the composition of the microbiota was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. 29133078 2 53 theme fecal 518:522 arg1 microbiota 524:533 the fecal microbiota 514:533 the fecal microbiota 514:533 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 12 54 theme control 2184:2190 arg1 mice 2192:2195 control mice 2184:2195 control mice 2184:2195 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 15 55 theme sulfonic 2948:2955 arg1 acid 2957:2960 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 2926:2960 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 2926:2960 REG3A TG mice developed only mild colonic inflammation after exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, compared with control mice. 29133078 13 56 theme DSS 2567:2569 arg1 administration 2571:2584 DSS administration 2567:2584 DSS administration 2567:2584 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 18 57 theme commensal 3381:3389 arg1 bacteria 3391:3398 oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria 3364:3398 oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis) 3364:3456 Addition of hREG3A to bacterial cultures reduced levels of ROS and increased survival of oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis). 29133078 19 58 with Mice 3471:3474 arg1 hepatocytes 3481:3491 hepatocytes 3481:3491 hepatocytes that express hREG3A 3481:3511 CONCLUSIONS Mice with hepatocytes that express hREG3A, which travels to the intestinal lumen, are less sensitive to colitis than control mice. 29133078 13 59 from months 2410:2415 arg1 mice 2423:2426 TG mice 2420:2426 TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth 2420:2504 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 14 60 theme colitis 2689:2695 arg1 forms 2680:2684 less-severe forms 2668:2684 less-severe forms of colitis 2668:2695 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 2 61 theme family 472:477 arg1 REG3A 500:504 REG3A 500:504 REG3A 500:504 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 2 61 theme family 472:477 arg1 gene 494:497 the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene 449:497 the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) 449:505 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 12 62 theme less-severe 2127:2137 arg1 colitis 2139:2145 less-severe colitis 2127:2145 less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity 2127:2244 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 17 63 theme DSS 3255:3257 arg1 administration 3259:3272 DSS administration 3255:3272 DSS administration 3255:3272 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. 29133078 0 64 theme Enteric 0:6 arg1 Delivery 8:15 Enteric Delivery 0:15 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation 0:112 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. 29133078 1 65 theme microbiota 298:307 arg1 dysbiosis 270:278 dysbiosis 270:278 dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota 270:307 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 19 66 theme control 3588:3594 arg1 mice 3596:3599 control mice 3588:3599 control mice 3588:3599 CONCLUSIONS Mice with hepatocytes that express hREG3A, which travels to the intestinal lumen, are less sensitive to colitis than control mice. 29133078 3 67 theme member 665:670 arg1 alpha 674:678 human regenerating family member 3 alpha 639:678 human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes 639:702 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 3 67 theme member 665:670 arg1 hREG3A 681:686 hREG3A 681:686 hREG3A 681:686 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 2 68 theme human 453:457 arg1 REG3A 500:504 REG3A 500:504 REG3A 500:504 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 2 68 theme human 453:457 arg1 gene 494:497 the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene 449:497 the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) 449:505 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 15 69 theme TG 2859:2860 arg1 mice 2862:2865 REG3A TG mice 2853:2865 REG3A TG mice 2853:2865 REG3A TG mice developed only mild colonic inflammation after exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, compared with control mice. 29133078 20 70 theme ROS 3674:3676 arg1 levels 3664:3669 levels 3664:3669 levels of ROS 3664:3676 We found hREG3A to alter the colonic microbiota by decreasing levels of ROS. 29133078 13 71 from shift 2340:2344 arg1 composition 2353:2363 the composition 2349:2363 the composition of the fecal microbiota 2349:2387 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 10 72 theme fluorescence 1600:1611 arg1 hybridization 1621:1633 ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization 1586:1633 ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization 1586:1633 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 12 73 contain had 1920:1922 arg2 shift 1938:1942 a significant shift 1924:1942 a significant shift in composition 1924:1957 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 12 73 contain had 1920:1922 arg1 hREG3A 1913:1918 hREG3A 1913:1918 hREG3A 1913:1918 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 1 74 theme Paneth 154:159 arg1 dysfunction 166:176 Paneth cell dysfunction 154:176 Paneth cell dysfunction 154:176 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 2 75 theme gene 494:497 arg1 expression 435:444 transgenic (TG) expression 419:444 transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) 419:505 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 10 76 theme ribosomal 1586:1594 arg1 hybridization 1621:1633 ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization 1586:1633 ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization 1586:1633 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 4 77 theme intestinal 786:795 arg1 lumen 797:801 the intestinal lumen 782:801 the intestinal lumen 782:801 In these mice, hREG3A travels via the bile to the intestinal lumen. 29133078 11 78 theme flow 1847:1850 arg1 cytometry 1852:1860 flow cytometry 1847:1860 flow cytometry 1847:1860 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 9 79 theme trinitrobenzene 1361:1375 arg1 acid 1386:1389 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 1361:1389 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 1361:1389 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 1 80 theme mucosal 321:327 arg1 barrier 329:335 the mucosal barrier 317:335 the mucosal barrier 317:335 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 0 81 theme Family 33:38 arg1 Member 40:45 Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation 20:112 Member 40:45 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. 29133078 13 82 theme wild-type 2467:2475 arg1 microbiota 2486:2495 a wild-type maternal microbiota 2465:2495 a wild-type maternal microbiota 2465:2495 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 7 83 dep mice 1119:1122 arg1 expressing 1129:1138 expressing 1129:1138 expressing hREG3A 1129:1145 The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. 29133078 3 84 theme regenerating 645:656 arg1 alpha 674:678 human regenerating family member 3 alpha 639:678 human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes 639:702 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 3 84 theme regenerating 645:656 arg1 hREG3A 681:686 hREG3A 681:686 hREG3A 681:686 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 7 85 theme transgene 1077:1085 arg1 copy 1057:1060 only 1 copy 1050:1060 only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene 1050:1085 The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. 29133078 11 86 theme bacterial 1761:1769 arg1 cultures 1771:1778 bacterial cultures 1761:1778 bacterial cultures 1761:1778 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 16 87 theme colon 3092:3096 arg1 damage 3098:3103 less colon damage 3087:3103 less colon damage 3087:3103 Control mice given intrarectal hREG3A and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid showed less colon damage and inflammation than mice not given intrarectal hREG3A. 29133078 17 88 contain had 3195:3197 arg1 samples 3168:3174 Fecal samples 3162:3174 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice 3162:3193 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. 29133078 17 88 contain had 3195:3197 arg2 levels 3205:3210 lower levels 3199:3210 lower levels of ROS 3199:3217 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. 29133078 8 89 dep cohousing 1229:1237 arg1 feces 1250:1254 feces 1250:1254 feces 1250:1254 Mice expressing hREG3A were monitored for DSS-induced colitis after cohousing or feeding feces from control mice. 29133078 1 90 theme cell 161:164 arg1 dysfunction 166:176 Paneth cell dysfunction 154:176 Paneth cell dysfunction 154:176 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 5 91 theme sodium 833:838 arg1 DSS 849:851 DSS 849:851 DSS 849:851 Some mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. 29133078 5 91 theme sodium 833:838 arg1 sulfate 840:846 dextran sodium sulfate 825:846 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 825:852 Some mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. 29133078 0 92 theme alpha 49:53 arg1 Microbiota 77:86 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota 47:86 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota 47:86 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. 29133078 17 93 theme Fecal 3162:3166 arg1 samples 3168:3174 Fecal samples 3162:3174 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice 3162:3193 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. 29133078 10 94 theme Colon 1459:1463 arg1 tissues 1465:1471 Colon tissues 1459:1471 Colon tissues 1459:1471 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 21 95 theme REG3A-TG 3701:3708 arg1 mice 3710:3713 REG3A-TG mice 3701:3713 REG3A-TG mice 3701:3713 Fecal microbiota from REG3A-TG mice protect non-TG mice from induction of colitis. 29133078 18 96 theme bacterial 3297:3305 arg1 cultures 3307:3314 bacterial cultures 3297:3314 bacterial cultures 3297:3314 Addition of hREG3A to bacterial cultures reduced levels of ROS and increased survival of oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis). 29133078 14 97 theme germ-free 2600:2608 arg1 mice 2610:2613 Cohoused and germ-free mice 2587:2613 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS 2587:2656 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 13 98 theme maternal 2477:2484 arg1 microbiota 2486:2495 a wild-type maternal microbiota 2465:2495 a wild-type maternal microbiota 2465:2495 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 13 99 theme similar 2332:2338 arg1 shift 2340:2344 A similar shift 2330:2344 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota 2330:2387 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 12 100 from shift 1938:1942 arg1 composition 1947:1957 composition 1947:1957 composition 1947:1957 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 18 101 theme hREG3A 3287:3292 arg1 Addition 3275:3282 Addition 3275:3282 Addition of hREG3A to bacterial cultures 3275:3314 Addition of hREG3A to bacterial cultures reduced levels of ROS and increased survival of oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis). 29133078 15 102 theme REG3A 2853:2857 arg1 mice 2862:2865 REG3A TG mice 2853:2865 REG3A TG mice 2853:2865 REG3A TG mice developed only mild colonic inflammation after exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, compared with control mice. 29133078 12 103 theme oxidative 2312:2320 arg1 damage 2322:2327 oxidative damage 2312:2327 oxidative damage 2312:2327 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 3 104 theme gene 721:724 arg1 promoter 726:733 the albumin gene promoter 709:733 the albumin gene promoter 709:733 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 10 105 theme polymerase 1679:1688 arg1 reaction 1696:1703 quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1666:1703 quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1666:1703 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 1 106 theme intestinal 201:210 arg1 lectins 219:225 intestinal C-type lectins 201:225 intestinal C-type lectins 201:225 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 5 107 theme dextran 825:831 arg1 DSS 849:851 DSS 849:851 DSS 849:851 Some mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. 29133078 5 107 theme dextran 825:831 arg1 sulfate 840:846 dextran sodium sulfate 825:846 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 825:852 Some mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. 29133078 12 108 theme significant 1926:1936 arg1 shift 1938:1942 a significant shift 1924:1942 a significant shift in composition 1924:1957 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 9 109 theme acid 1386:1389 arg1 administration 1343:1356 administration 1343:1356 administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 1343:1389 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 12 110 theme mice 1895:1898 arg1 microbiota 1881:1890 The fecal microbiota 1871:1890 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 1863:2328 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 11 111 theme species 1744:1750 arg1 microbiota 1790:1799 fecal microbiota 1784:1799 fecal microbiota 1784:1799 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 11 111 theme species 1744:1750 arg1 levels 1718:1723 levels 1718:1723 levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures 1718:1778 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 16 112 theme sulfonic 3066:3073 arg1 acid 3075:3078 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 3044:3078 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 3044:3078 Control mice given intrarectal hREG3A and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid showed less colon damage and inflammation than mice not given intrarectal hREG3A. 29133078 14 113 dep feces 2827:2831 arg1 mice 2847:2850 REG3A-TG mice 2838:2850 REG3A-TG mice 2838:2850 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 7 114 from mice 1119:1122 arg1 feces 1100:1104 feces 1100:1104 feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) 1100:1146 The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. 29133078 7 114 from mice 1119:1122 arg1 mice 1032:1035 mice 1032:1035 mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns 1032:1158 The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. 29133078 7 114 from mice 1119:1122 arg1 newborns 1151:1158 newborns 1151:1158 newborns 1151:1158 The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. 29133078 12 115 dep RESULTS 1863:1869 arg1 microbiota 1881:1890 The fecal microbiota 1871:1890 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 1863:2328 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 11 116 theme reactive 1728:1735 arg1 ROS 1753:1755 ROS 1753:1755 ROS 1753:1755 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 11 116 theme reactive 1728:1735 arg1 species 1744:1750 reactive oxygen species 1728:1750 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1728:1756 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 1 117 theme antimicrobial 231:243 arg1 peptides 245:252 antimicrobial peptides 231:252 antimicrobial peptides 231:252 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 11 118 from levels 1718:1723 arg1 cultures 1771:1778 bacterial cultures 1761:1778 bacterial cultures 1761:1778 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 14 119 theme toll-like 2750:2758 arg1 receptor 2760:2767 toll-like receptor 4 2750:2769 the toll-like receptor 4 2746:2769 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 7 120 theme fecal 992:996 arg1 microbiome 998:1007 The fecal microbiome 988:1007 The fecal microbiome 988:1007 The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. 29133078 17 121 theme lower 3199:3203 arg1 levels 3205:3210 lower levels 3199:3210 lower levels of ROS 3199:3217 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. 29133078 9 122 theme intrarectal 1413:1423 arg1 injections 1425:1434 intrarectal injections 1413:1434 intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein 1413:1456 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 14 123 contain had 2701:2703 arg2 activation 2732:2741 reduced lipopolysaccharide activation 2705:2741 reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 2705:2769 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 14 123 contain had 2701:2703 arg1 mice 2610:2613 Cohoused and germ-free mice 2587:2613 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS 2587:2656 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 15 124 theme colonic 2887:2893 arg1 inflammation 2895:2906 only mild colonic inflammation 2877:2906 only mild colonic inflammation 2877:2906 REG3A TG mice developed only mild colonic inflammation after exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, compared with control mice. 29133078 13 125 theme few 2406:2408 arg1 months 2410:2415 a few months 2404:2415 a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth 2404:2504 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 12 126 theme bacterial 2258:2266 arg1 translocation 2268:2280 bacterial translocation 2258:2280 bacterial translocation 2258:2280 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 14 127 theme lipopolysaccharide 2713:2730 arg1 activation 2732:2741 reduced lipopolysaccharide activation 2705:2741 reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 2705:2769 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 0 128 theme Intestinal 66:75 arg1 Microbiota 77:86 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota 47:86 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota 47:86 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. 29133078 3 129 theme C57BL/6 613:619 arg1 mice 621:624 C57BL/6 mice 613:624 C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter 613:733 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 9 130 theme hREG3A 1443:1448 arg1 protein 1450:1456 the hREG3A protein 1439:1456 the hREG3A protein 1439:1456 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 6 131 theme ribosomal 962:970 arg1 sequencing 976:985 ribosomal RNA sequencing 962:985 ribosomal RNA sequencing 962:985 Feces were collected from mice and the composition of the microbiota was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. 29133078 12 132 theme preserved 2214:2222 arg1 integrity 2236:2244 preserved gut barrier integrity 2214:2244 preserved gut barrier integrity 2214:2244 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 13 133 theme colitis 2549:2555 arg1 forms 2540:2544 less-severe forms 2528:2544 less-severe forms of colitis 2528:2555 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 16 134 theme Control 2991:2997 arg1 mice 2999:3002 Control mice 2991:3002 Control mice given intrarectal hREG3A and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid 2991:3078 Control mice given intrarectal hREG3A and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid showed less colon damage and inflammation than mice not given intrarectal hREG3A. 29133078 18 135 theme oxygen-sensitive 3364:3379 arg1 bacteria 3391:3398 oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria 3364:3398 oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis) 3364:3456 Addition of hREG3A to bacterial cultures reduced levels of ROS and increased survival of oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis). 29133078 17 136 from mice 3190:3193 arg1 samples 3168:3174 Fecal samples 3162:3174 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice 3162:3193 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. 29133078 12 137 theme barrier 2228:2234 arg1 integrity 2236:2244 preserved gut barrier integrity 2214:2244 preserved gut barrier integrity 2214:2244 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 11 138 from microbiota 1790:1799 arg1 cultures 1771:1778 bacterial cultures 1761:1778 bacterial cultures 1761:1778 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 1 139 theme inflammatory 366:377 arg1 diseases 385:392 inflammatory bowel diseases 366:392 inflammatory bowel diseases 366:392 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 16 140 theme intrarectal 3142:3152 arg1 hREG3A 3154:3159 intrarectal hREG3A 3142:3159 intrarectal hREG3A 3142:3159 Control mice given intrarectal hREG3A and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid showed less colon damage and inflammation than mice not given intrarectal hREG3A. 29133078 17 141 theme control 3235:3241 arg1 mice 3243:3246 control mice 3235:3246 control mice 3235:3246 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. 29133078 3 142 with studies 600:606 arg1 mice 621:624 C57BL/6 mice 613:624 C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter 613:733 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 1 143 theme diseases 385:392 arg1 development 351:361 development 351:361 development of inflammatory bowel diseases 351:392 BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. 29133078 13 144 theme microbiota 2378:2387 arg1 composition 2353:2363 the composition 2349:2363 the composition of the fecal microbiota 2349:2387 A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. 29133078 19 145 theme CONCLUSIONS 3459:3469 arg1 Mice 3471:3474 CONCLUSIONS Mice 3459:3474 CONCLUSIONS Mice 3459:3474 CONCLUSIONS Mice with hepatocytes that express hREG3A, which travels to the intestinal lumen, are less sensitive to colitis than control mice. 29133078 12 146 theme DSS 2175:2177 arg1 administration 2157:2170 administration 2157:2170 administration 2157:2170 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 2 147 theme transgenic 419:428 arg1 expression 435:444 transgenic (TG) expression 419:444 transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) 419:505 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 2 148 theme regenerating 459:470 arg1 REG3A 500:504 REG3A 500:504 REG3A 500:504 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 2 148 theme regenerating 459:470 arg1 gene 494:497 the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene 449:497 the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) 449:505 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 10 149 dep in 1613:1614 arg1 situ 1616:1619 situ 1616:1619 situ 1616:1619 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 22 150 theme stress 3820:3825 arg1 reduction 3797:3805 reduction 3797:3805 reduction of oxidative stress 3797:3825 These findings indicate a role for reduction of oxidative stress in preserving the gut microbiota and its ability to prevent inflammation. 29133078 11 151 theme 7'-dichlorofluorescein 1810:1831 arg1 diacetate 1833:1841 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate 1810:1841 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate 1810:1841 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 0 152 theme Regenerating 20:31 arg1 Member 40:45 Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation 20:112 Member 40:45 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. 29133078 21 153 theme Fecal 3679:3683 arg1 microbiota 3685:3694 Fecal microbiota 3679:3694 Fecal microbiota from REG3A-TG mice 3679:3713 Fecal microbiota from REG3A-TG mice protect non-TG mice from induction of colitis. 29133078 20 154 theme colonic 3631:3637 arg1 microbiota 3639:3648 the colonic microbiota 3627:3648 the colonic microbiota 3627:3648 We found hREG3A to alter the colonic microbiota by decreasing levels of ROS. 29133078 14 155 theme less-severe 2668:2678 arg1 forms 2680:2684 less-severe forms 2668:2684 less-severe forms of colitis 2668:2695 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 3 156 theme family 658:663 arg1 alpha 674:678 human regenerating family member 3 alpha 639:678 human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes 639:702 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 3 156 theme family 658:663 arg1 hREG3A 681:686 hREG3A 681:686 hREG3A 681:686 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 10 157 theme RNA 1596:1598 arg1 hybridization 1621:1633 ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization 1586:1633 ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization 1586:1633 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 0 158 theme Member 40:45 arg1 Delivery 8:15 Enteric Delivery 0:15 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation 0:112 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. 29133078 2 159 theme alpha 488:492 arg1 REG3A 500:504 REG3A 500:504 REG3A 500:504 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 2 159 theme alpha 488:492 arg1 gene 494:497 the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene 449:497 the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) 449:505 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 21 160 from mice 3710:3713 arg1 microbiota 3685:3694 Fecal microbiota 3679:3694 Fecal microbiota from REG3A-TG mice 3679:3713 Fecal microbiota from REG3A-TG mice protect non-TG mice from induction of colitis. 29133078 3 161 theme human 639:643 arg1 alpha 674:678 human regenerating family member 3 alpha 639:678 human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes 639:702 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 3 161 theme human 639:643 arg1 hREG3A 681:686 hREG3A 681:686 hREG3A 681:686 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 16 162 theme intrarectal 3010:3020 arg1 hREG3A 3022:3027 intrarectal hREG3A 3010:3027 intrarectal hREG3A 3010:3027 Control mice given intrarectal hREG3A and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid showed less colon damage and inflammation than mice not given intrarectal hREG3A. 29133078 7 163 theme REG3A 1071:1075 arg1 transgene 1077:1085 human REG3A transgene 1065:1085 human REG3A transgene 1065:1085 The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. 29133078 0 164 dep Member 40:45 arg1 Microbiota 77:86 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota 47:86 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota 47:86 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. 29133078 0 164 dep Member 40:45 arg1 Inflammation 101:112 Inflammation 101:112 Inflammation 101:112 Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. 29133078 2 165 theme member 479:484 arg1 REG3A 500:504 REG3A 500:504 REG3A 500:504 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 2 165 theme member 479:484 arg1 gene 494:497 the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene 449:497 the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) 449:505 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 12 166 theme TG 2109:2110 arg1 mice 2112:2115 the TG mice 2105:2115 the TG mice 2105:2115 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 21 167 theme non-TG 3723:3728 arg1 mice 3730:3733 non-TG mice 3723:3733 non-TG mice 3723:3733 Fecal microbiota from REG3A-TG mice protect non-TG mice from induction of colitis. 29133078 11 168 theme fecal 1784:1788 arg1 microbiota 1790:1799 fecal microbiota 1784:1799 fecal microbiota 1784:1799 We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. 29133078 17 169 from mice 3243:3246 arg1 feces 3224:3228 feces 3224:3228 feces from control mice 3224:3246 Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. 29133078 19 170 theme intestinal 3535:3544 arg1 lumen 3546:3550 the intestinal lumen 3531:3550 the intestinal lumen 3531:3550 CONCLUSIONS Mice with hepatocytes that express hREG3A, which travels to the intestinal lumen, are less sensitive to colitis than control mice. 29133078 14 171 theme REG3A-TG 2630:2637 arg1 mice 2639:2642 REG3A-TG mice 2630:2642 REG3A-TG mice 2630:2642 Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. 29133078 2 172 from development 547:557 arg1 mice 573:576 mice 573:576 mice 573:576 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 7 173 dep expressing 1129:1138 arg1 not 1125:1127 not 1125:1127 not 1125:1127 The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. 29133078 12 174 theme Bacteroidetes 2073:2085 arg1 enrichment 1993:2002 enrichment 1993:2002 enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) 1993:2054 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 12 174 theme Bacteroidetes 2073:2085 arg1 depletion 2060:2068 depletion 2060:2068 depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae) 2060:2102 RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. 29133078 10 175 theme in 1613:1614 arg1 hybridization 1621:1633 ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization 1586:1633 ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization 1586:1633 Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 29133078 9 176 theme control 1313:1319 arg1 hREG3A-TG 1325:1333 hREG3A-TG 1325:1333 hREG3A-TG 1325:1333 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 9 176 theme control 1313:1319 arg1 control 1313:1319 control 1313:1319 control 1313:1319 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 9 176 theme control 1313:1319 arg1 set 1306:1308 another set 1298:1308 another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice 1298:1338 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 2 177 from colitis 562:568 arg1 mice 573:576 mice 573:576 mice 573:576 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 3 178 from alpha 674:678 arg1 hepatocytes 692:702 hepatocytes 692:702 hepatocytes 692:702 METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. 29133078 2 179 dep transgenic 419:428 arg1 TG 431:432 TG 431:432 TG 431:432 We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. 29133078 7 180 theme control 1111:1117 arg1 mice 1119:1122 control mice 1111:1122 control mice (not expressing hREG3A) 1111:1146 The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. 29133078 9 181 theme hREG3A-TG 1325:1333 arg1 hREG3A-TG 1325:1333 hREG3A-TG 1325:1333 hREG3A-TG 1325:1333 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 9 181 theme hREG3A-TG 1325:1333 arg1 control 1313:1319 control 1313:1319 control 1313:1319 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 29133078 9 181 theme hREG3A-TG 1325:1333 arg1 set 1306:1308 another set 1298:1308 another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice 1298:1338 Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. 26996294 0 0 theme Hydroxyapatite 96:109 arg1 Complex 121:127 Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex 57:127 Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration 57:156 Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration. 26996294 6 1 theme human 895:899 arg1 cells 922:926 human adipose derived stem cells 895:926 human adipose derived stem cells 895:926 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 8 2 theme gene 1411:1414 arg1 expression 1416:1425 osteogenic gene expression 1400:1425 osteogenic gene expression 1400:1425 These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. 26996294 0 3 theme Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified 57:94 arg1 Complex 121:127 Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex 57:127 Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration 57:156 Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration. 26996294 1 4 from application 173:183 arg1 field 220:224 the field 216:224 the field of tissue engineering 216:246 Recently, the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering has garnered attention to mediate treatment and regeneration of bone defects. 26996294 7 5 theme microcomputed 1194:1206 arg1 tomography 1208:1217 microcomputed tomography 1194:1217 microcomputed tomography 1194:1217 The scaffolds are then implanted into rabbit calvarial defects and analyzed by microcomputed tomography for bone formation after four and eight weeks. 26996294 2 6 theme scaffold 500:507 arg1 surface 509:515 the fibrous scaffold surface 488:515 the fibrous scaffold surface 488:515 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 4 7 theme scanning 732:739 arg1 microscopy 750:759 scanning electron microscopy 732:759 scanning electron microscopy 732:759 The specimen morphologies are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. 26996294 2 8 theme fibrous 492:498 arg1 surface 509:515 the fibrous scaffold surface 488:515 the fibrous scaffold surface 488:515 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 6 9 theme osteogenic 865:874 arg1 differentiation 876:890 osteogenic differentiation 865:890 osteogenic differentiation 865:890 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 9 10 theme material 1522:1529 arg1 application 1502:1512 the potential application 1488:1512 the potential application of this material toward bone tissue engineering 1488:1560 This suggests the potential application of this material toward bone tissue engineering. 26996294 8 11 theme SIM 1297:1299 arg1 scaffolds 1331:1339 SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds 1297:1339 SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds 1297:1339 These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. 26996294 6 12 theme real 1072:1075 arg1 PCR 1109:1111 PCR 1109:1111 PCR 1109:1111 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 12 theme real 1072:1075 arg1 reaction 1099:1106 real time Polymerase chain reaction 1072:1106 real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 1072:1112 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 0 13 theme Bone 133:136 arg1 Regeneration 145:156 Bone Tissue Regeneration 133:156 Bone Tissue Regeneration 133:156 Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration. 26996294 1 14 theme nanostructured 188:201 arg1 materials 203:211 nanostructured materials 188:211 nanostructured materials 188:211 Recently, the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering has garnered attention to mediate treatment and regeneration of bone defects. 26996294 3 15 theme remaining 670:678 arg1 βCD 680:682 the remaining βCD 666:682 the remaining βCD 666:682 Simvastatin (SIM), which is known to promote osteoblast viability and differentiation, is loaded into the remaining βCD. 26996294 8 16 theme PLLA/gelatin/HAp- 1308:1324 arg1 scaffolds 1331:1339 SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds 1297:1339 SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds 1297:1339 These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. 26996294 4 17 theme electron 741:748 arg1 microscopy 750:759 scanning electron microscopy 732:759 scanning electron microscopy 732:759 The specimen morphologies are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. 26996294 1 18 theme materials 203:211 arg1 application 173:183 the application 169:183 the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering 169:246 Recently, the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering has garnered attention to mediate treatment and regeneration of bone defects. 26996294 2 19 theme βCD 434:436 arg1 HAp 468:470 HAp 468:470 HAp 468:470 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 2 19 theme βCD 434:436 arg1 nano-hydroxyapatite 447:465 β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite 418:465 β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) 418:471 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 6 20 theme SIM/HAp 931:937 arg1 scaffolds 959:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 9 21 theme bone 1538:1541 arg1 engineering 1550:1560 bone tissue engineering 1538:1560 bone tissue engineering 1538:1560 This suggests the potential application of this material toward bone tissue engineering. 26996294 9 22 theme tissue 1543:1548 arg1 engineering 1550:1560 bone tissue engineering 1538:1560 bone tissue engineering 1538:1560 This suggests the potential application of this material toward bone tissue engineering. 26996294 6 23 theme Alizarin 1042:1049 arg1 staining 1057:1064 Alizarin Red S staining 1042:1064 Alizarin Red S staining 1042:1064 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 23 theme Alizarin 1042:1049 arg1 mineralization 1026:1039 mineralization 1026:1039 mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining) 1026:1065 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 5 24 theme SIM 785:787 arg1 profile 774:780 The release profile 762:780 The release profile of SIM from the drug loaded scaffold 762:817 The release profile of SIM from the drug loaded scaffold is also evaluated. 26996294 6 25 theme composite 949:957 arg1 scaffolds 959:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 4 26 theme specimen 689:696 arg1 morphologies 698:709 The specimen morphologies 685:709 The specimen morphologies 685:709 The specimen morphologies are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. 26996294 2 27 theme /gelatin 367:374 arg1 scaffolds 389:397 poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds 341:397 poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds 341:397 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 2 28 theme β-cyclodextrin 418:431 arg1 HAp 468:470 HAp 468:470 HAp 468:470 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 2 28 theme β-cyclodextrin 418:431 arg1 nano-hydroxyapatite 447:465 β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite 418:465 β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) 418:471 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 1 29 theme bone 312:315 arg1 defects 317:323 bone defects 312:323 bone defects 312:323 Recently, the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering has garnered attention to mediate treatment and regeneration of bone defects. 26996294 6 30 theme coated 939:944 arg1 scaffolds 959:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 5 31 theme drug 798:801 arg1 scaffold 810:817 the drug loaded scaffold 794:817 the drug loaded scaffold 794:817 The release profile of SIM from the drug loaded scaffold is also evaluated. 26996294 0 32 theme l-Lactic 5:12 arg1 Poly 0:3 Poly 0:3 Poly(l-Lactic Acid) 0:18 Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration. 26996294 0 32 theme l-Lactic 5:12 arg1 Acid 14:17 l-Lactic Acid 5:17 l-Lactic Acid 5:17 Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration. 26996294 1 33 theme defects 317:323 arg1 treatment 282:290 treatment 282:290 treatment 282:290 Recently, the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering has garnered attention to mediate treatment and regeneration of bone defects. 26996294 1 33 theme defects 317:323 arg1 regeneration 296:307 regeneration 296:307 regeneration 296:307 Recently, the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering has garnered attention to mediate treatment and regeneration of bone defects. 26996294 0 34 theme Tissue 138:143 arg1 Regeneration 145:156 Bone Tissue Regeneration 133:156 Bone Tissue Regeneration 133:156 Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration. 26996294 6 35 theme In 838:839 arg1 proliferation 847:859 In vitro proliferation 838:859 In vitro proliferation 838:859 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 5 36 theme loaded 803:808 arg1 scaffold 810:817 the drug loaded scaffold 794:817 the drug loaded scaffold 794:817 The release profile of SIM from the drug loaded scaffold is also evaluated. 26996294 6 37 theme Polymerase 1082:1091 arg1 PCR 1109:1111 PCR 1109:1111 PCR 1109:1111 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 37 theme Polymerase 1082:1091 arg1 reaction 1099:1106 real time Polymerase chain reaction 1072:1106 real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 1072:1112 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 38 from differentiation 876:890 arg1 scaffolds 959:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 3 39 theme osteoblast 609:618 arg1 viability 620:628 osteoblast viability 609:628 osteoblast viability 609:628 Simvastatin (SIM), which is known to promote osteoblast viability and differentiation, is loaded into the remaining βCD. 26996294 8 40 theme higher 1363:1368 arg1 activity 1374:1381 significantly higher ALP activity 1349:1381 significantly higher ALP activity 1349:1381 These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. 26996294 1 41 theme tissue 229:234 arg1 engineering 236:246 tissue engineering 229:246 tissue engineering 229:246 Recently, the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering has garnered attention to mediate treatment and regeneration of bone defects. 26996294 6 42 theme S 1055:1055 arg1 staining 1057:1064 Alizarin Red S staining 1042:1064 Alizarin Red S staining 1042:1064 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 42 theme S 1055:1055 arg1 mineralization 1026:1039 mineralization 1026:1039 mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining) 1026:1065 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 5 43 from scaffold 810:817 arg1 profile 774:780 The release profile 762:780 The release profile of SIM from the drug loaded scaffold 762:817 The release profile of SIM from the drug loaded scaffold is also evaluated. 26996294 1 44 theme engineering 236:246 arg1 field 220:224 the field 216:224 the field of tissue engineering 216:246 Recently, the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering has garnered attention to mediate treatment and regeneration of bone defects. 26996294 2 45 theme grafted 439:445 arg1 HAp 468:470 HAp 468:470 HAp 468:470 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 2 45 theme grafted 439:445 arg1 nano-hydroxyapatite 447:465 β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite 418:465 β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) 418:471 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 6 46 theme cells 922:926 arg1 proliferation 847:859 In vitro proliferation 838:859 In vitro proliferation 838:859 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 46 theme cells 922:926 arg1 differentiation 876:890 osteogenic differentiation 865:890 osteogenic differentiation 865:890 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 8 47 theme loaded 1301:1306 arg1 scaffolds 1331:1339 SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds 1297:1339 SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds 1297:1339 These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. 26996294 6 48 theme PG 946:947 arg1 scaffolds 959:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 8 49 theme βCD 1326:1328 arg1 scaffolds 1331:1339 SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds 1297:1339 SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds 1297:1339 These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. 26996294 6 50 theme chain 1093:1097 arg1 PCR 1109:1111 PCR 1109:1111 PCR 1109:1111 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 50 theme chain 1093:1097 arg1 reaction 1099:1106 real time Polymerase chain reaction 1072:1106 real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 1072:1112 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 0 51 theme Fibrous 28:34 arg1 Scaffold 36:43 Fibrous Scaffold 28:43 Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration 28:156 Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration. 26996294 6 52 theme stem 917:920 arg1 cells 922:926 human adipose derived stem cells 895:926 human adipose derived stem cells 895:926 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 8 53 theme ALP 1370:1372 arg1 activity 1374:1381 significantly higher ALP activity 1349:1381 significantly higher ALP activity 1349:1381 These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. 26996294 7 54 theme rabbit 1153:1158 arg1 defects 1170:1176 rabbit calvarial defects 1153:1176 rabbit calvarial defects 1153:1176 The scaffolds are then implanted into rabbit calvarial defects and analyzed by microcomputed tomography for bone formation after four and eight weeks. 26996294 2 55 theme l-lactic 346:353 arg1 poly 341:344 poly 341:344 poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds 341:397 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 2 55 theme l-lactic 346:353 arg1 acid 355:358 l-lactic acid 346:358 l-lactic acid 346:358 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 6 56 theme derived 909:915 arg1 cells 922:926 human adipose derived stem cells 895:926 human adipose derived stem cells 895:926 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 8 57 theme bone 1432:1435 arg1 regeneration 1437:1448 bone regeneration 1432:1448 bone regeneration 1432:1448 These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. 26996294 6 58 theme time 1077:1080 arg1 PCR 1109:1111 PCR 1109:1111 PCR 1109:1111 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 58 theme time 1077:1080 arg1 reaction 1099:1106 real time Polymerase chain reaction 1072:1106 real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 1072:1112 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 59 from proliferation 847:859 arg1 scaffolds 959:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds 931:967 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 8 60 theme control 1455:1461 arg1 scaffolds 1463:1471 control scaffolds 1455:1471 control scaffolds 1455:1471 These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. 26996294 6 61 link derived 909:915 arg1 cells 922:926 human adipose derived stem cells 895:926 human adipose derived stem cells 895:926 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 7 62 theme calvarial 1160:1168 arg1 defects 1170:1176 rabbit calvarial defects 1153:1176 rabbit calvarial defects 1153:1176 The scaffolds are then implanted into rabbit calvarial defects and analyzed by microcomputed tomography for bone formation after four and eight weeks. 26996294 2 63 theme poly 341:344 arg1 scaffolds 389:397 poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds 341:397 poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds 341:397 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 7 64 theme bone 1223:1226 arg1 formation 1228:1236 bone formation 1223:1236 bone formation after four and eight weeks 1223:1263 The scaffolds are then implanted into rabbit calvarial defects and analyzed by microcomputed tomography for bone formation after four and eight weeks. 26996294 2 65 theme fibrous 381:387 arg1 scaffolds 389:397 poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds 341:397 poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds 341:397 In this study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. 26996294 8 66 theme osteogenic 1400:1409 arg1 expression 1416:1425 osteogenic gene expression 1400:1425 osteogenic gene expression 1400:1425 These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp-(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. 26996294 6 67 theme Red 1051:1053 arg1 staining 1057:1064 Alizarin Red S staining 1042:1064 Alizarin Red S staining 1042:1064 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 67 theme Red 1051:1053 arg1 mineralization 1026:1039 mineralization 1026:1039 mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining) 1026:1065 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 68 theme phosphatase 998:1008 arg1 activity 1016:1023 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 989:1023 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 989:1023 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 5 69 theme release 766:772 arg1 profile 774:780 The release profile 762:780 The release profile of SIM from the drug loaded scaffold 762:817 The release profile of SIM from the drug loaded scaffold is also evaluated. 26996294 6 70 theme adipose 901:907 arg1 cells 922:926 human adipose derived stem cells 895:926 human adipose derived stem cells 895:926 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 71 theme alkaline 989:996 arg1 phosphatase 998:1008 alkaline phosphatase 989:1008 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 989:1023 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 71 theme alkaline 989:996 arg1 ALP 1011:1013 ALP 1011:1013 ALP 1011:1013 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 6 72 dep In 838:839 arg1 vitro 841:845 vitro 841:845 vitro 841:845 In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 26996294 9 73 theme potential 1492:1500 arg1 application 1502:1512 the potential application 1488:1512 the potential application of this material toward bone tissue engineering 1488:1560 This suggests the potential application of this material toward bone tissue engineering. 26996294 0 74 theme Inclusion 111:119 arg1 Complex 121:127 Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex 57:127 Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration 57:156 Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration. 26456777 0 0 theme EGA-MS 78:83 arg1 study 85:89 an EGA-MS study 75:89 an EGA-MS study 75:89 Snapshots of lignin oxidation and depolymerization in archaeological wood: an EGA-MS study. 26456777 6 1 theme pile 1209:1212 arg1 part 1197:1200 the external part 1184:1200 the external part of the pile 1184:1212 Mass spectral data revealed differences among the archaeological samples from the internal to the external part of the pile. 26456777 3 2 theme external 424:431 arg1 part 449:452 the external to the internal part 420:452 the external to the internal part of the pile 420:464 The sampling was performed from the external to the internal part of the pile, following the annual growth rings in groups of five. 26456777 7 3 from decrease 1327:1334 arg1 amount 1343:1348 the amount 1339:1348 the amount of lignin dimers 1339:1365 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 7 3 from decrease 1327:1334 arg1 dimers 1360:1365 lignin dimers 1353:1365 lignin dimers 1353:1365 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 7 3 from decrease 1327:1334 arg1 formation 1234:1242 the formation 1230:1242 the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position 1230:1319 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 6 4 from internal 1172:1179 arg1 samples 1155:1161 the archaeological samples 1136:1161 the archaeological samples from the internal to the external part of the pile 1136:1212 Mass spectral data revealed differences among the archaeological samples from the internal to the external part of the pile. 26456777 2 5 located found 312:316 arg2 house 306:310 a stilt house 298:310 a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy) 298:385 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 2 5 located found 312:316 arg1 village 349:355 the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village 321:355 the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy) 321:385 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 5 6 theme wood 800:803 arg1 thermo-chemistry 765:780 the thermo-chemistry 761:780 the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood 761:803 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 6 7 theme external 1188:1195 arg1 part 1197:1200 the external part 1184:1200 the external part of the pile 1184:1212 Mass spectral data revealed differences among the archaeological samples from the internal to the external part of the pile. 26456777 1 8 theme chemical 226:233 arg1 degradation 235:245 its chemical degradation 222:245 its chemical degradation 222:245 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 0 9 from Snapshots 0:8 arg1 wood 69:72 archaeological wood 54:72 archaeological wood 54:72 Snapshots of lignin oxidation and depolymerization in archaeological wood: an EGA-MS study. 26456777 6 10 theme archaeological 1140:1153 arg1 samples 1155:1161 the archaeological samples 1136:1161 the archaeological samples from the internal to the external part of the pile 1136:1212 Mass spectral data revealed differences among the archaeological samples from the internal to the external part of the pile. 26456777 6 11 theme spectral 1095:1102 arg1 data 1104:1107 Mass spectral data 1090:1107 Mass spectral data 1090:1107 Mass spectral data revealed differences among the archaeological samples from the internal to the external part of the pile. 26456777 7 12 theme benzylic 1303:1310 arg1 position 1312:1319 the benzylic position 1299:1319 the benzylic position 1299:1319 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 7 13 theme lignin 1353:1358 arg1 dimers 1360:1365 lignin dimers 1353:1365 lignin dimers 1353:1365 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 3 14 theme pile 461:464 arg1 part 449:452 the external to the internal part 420:452 the external to the internal part of the pile 420:464 The sampling was performed from the external to the internal part of the pile, following the annual growth rings in groups of five. 26456777 2 15 from house 306:310 arg1 pile 288:291 an oak pile 281:291 an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy) 281:385 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 1 16 used used 144:147 arg2 EGA-MS 132:137 EGA-MS 132:137 EGA-MS 132:137 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 1 16 used used 144:147 arg2 spectrometry 118:129 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry 92:129 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) 92:138 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 7 17 theme dimers 1360:1365 arg1 amount 1343:1348 the amount 1339:1348 the amount of lignin dimers 1339:1365 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 7 17 theme dimers 1360:1365 arg1 dimers 1360:1365 lignin dimers 1353:1365 lignin dimers 1353:1365 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 2 18 theme archaeological 252:265 arg1 wood 267:270 The archaeological wood 248:270 The archaeological wood 248:270 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 4 19 theme wood 561:564 arg1 holocellulose 578:590 holocellulose 578:590 holocellulose 578:590 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 4 19 theme wood 561:564 arg1 components 566:575 isolated wood components 552:575 isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) 552:605 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 4 19 theme wood 561:564 arg1 cellulose 596:604 cellulose 596:604 cellulose 596:604 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 0 20 dep study 85:89 arg1 Snapshots 0:8 Snapshots 0:8 Snapshots of lignin oxidation and depolymerization in archaeological wood 0:72 Snapshots of lignin oxidation and depolymerization in archaeological wood: an EGA-MS study. 26456777 1 21 theme first 157:161 arg1 time 163:166 the first time to study archaeological wood 153:195 the first time to study archaeological wood 153:195 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 5 22 theme lignin 1013:1018 arg1 oxidation 1020:1028 lignin oxidation 1013:1028 lignin oxidation 1013:1028 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 5 23 theme thanks 844:849 arg1 data 839:842 in-depth compositional data 816:842 in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood 816:1087 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 5 24 theme archaeological 1069:1082 arg1 wood 1084:1087 the archaeological wood 1065:1087 the archaeological wood 1065:1087 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 2 25 theme La 336:337 arg1 village 349:355 the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village 321:355 the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy) 321:385 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 2 26 theme oak 284:286 arg1 pile 288:291 an oak pile 281:291 an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy) 281:385 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 4 27 theme isolated 552:559 arg1 holocellulose 578:590 holocellulose 578:590 holocellulose 578:590 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 4 27 theme isolated 552:559 arg1 components 566:575 isolated wood components 552:575 isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) 552:605 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 4 27 theme isolated 552:559 arg1 cellulose 596:604 cellulose 596:604 cellulose 596:604 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 0 28 theme oxidation 20:28 arg1 Snapshots 0:8 Snapshots 0:8 Snapshots of lignin oxidation and depolymerization in archaeological wood 0:72 Snapshots of lignin oxidation and depolymerization in archaeological wood: an EGA-MS study. 26456777 7 29 theme pyrolysis 1252:1260 arg1 products 1262:1269 wood pyrolysis products 1247:1269 wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position 1247:1319 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 1 30 theme Evolved 92:98 arg1 EGA-MS 132:137 EGA-MS 132:137 EGA-MS 132:137 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 1 30 theme Evolved 92:98 arg1 spectrometry 118:129 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry 92:129 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) 92:138 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 3 31 from rings 495:499 arg1 five 514:517 five 514:517 five 514:517 The sampling was performed from the external to the internal part of the pile, following the annual growth rings in groups of five. 26456777 3 31 from rings 495:499 arg1 groups 504:509 groups 504:509 groups of five 504:517 The sampling was performed from the external to the internal part of the pile, following the annual growth rings in groups of five. 26456777 0 32 theme lignin 13:18 arg1 oxidation 20:28 lignin oxidation 13:28 lignin oxidation 13:28 Snapshots of lignin oxidation and depolymerization in archaeological wood: an EGA-MS study. 26456777 5 33 theme lignin 976:981 arg1 content 983:989 lignin content 976:989 lignin content 976:989 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 1 34 theme gas 100:102 arg1 EGA-MS 132:137 EGA-MS 132:137 EGA-MS 132:137 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 1 34 theme gas 100:102 arg1 spectrometry 118:129 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry 92:129 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) 92:138 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 1 35 theme archaeological 177:190 arg1 wood 192:195 archaeological wood 177:195 archaeological wood 177:195 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 0 36 theme depolymerization 34:49 arg1 Snapshots 0:8 Snapshots 0:8 Snapshots of lignin oxidation and depolymerization in archaeological wood 0:72 Snapshots of lignin oxidation and depolymerization in archaeological wood: an EGA-MS study. 26456777 5 37 theme in-depth 816:823 arg1 data 839:842 in-depth compositional data 816:842 in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood 816:1087 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 4 38 theme oak 539:541 arg1 wood 543:546 sound oak wood 533:546 sound oak wood 533:546 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 2 39 dep village 349:355 arg1 Italy 380:384 Italy 380:384 Italy 380:384 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 2 39 dep village 349:355 arg1 Bracciano 363:371 Bracciano 363:371 Bracciano 363:371 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 4 40 theme sound 533:537 arg1 wood 543:546 sound oak wood 533:546 sound oak wood 533:546 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 0 41 theme archaeological 54:67 arg1 wood 69:72 archaeological wood 54:72 archaeological wood 54:72 Snapshots of lignin oxidation and depolymerization in archaeological wood: an EGA-MS study. 26456777 3 42 theme growth 488:493 arg1 rings 495:499 the annual growth rings 477:499 the annual growth rings in groups of five 477:517 The sampling was performed from the external to the internal part of the pile, following the annual growth rings in groups of five. 26456777 1 43 theme analysis-mass 104:116 arg1 EGA-MS 132:137 EGA-MS 132:137 EGA-MS 132:137 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 1 43 theme analysis-mass 104:116 arg1 spectrometry 118:129 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry 92:129 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) 92:138 Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was used for the first time to study archaeological wood, in order to investigate its chemical degradation. 26456777 6 44 theme Mass 1090:1093 arg1 data 1104:1107 Mass spectral data 1090:1107 Mass spectral data 1090:1107 Mass spectral data revealed differences among the archaeological samples from the internal to the external part of the pile. 26456777 5 45 theme differences 938:948 arg1 terms 929:933 terms 929:933 terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content 929:989 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 7 46 theme carbonyl 1281:1288 arg1 group 1290:1294 a carbonyl group 1279:1294 a carbonyl group at the benzylic position 1279:1319 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 2 47 theme stilt 300:304 arg1 house 306:310 a stilt house 298:310 a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy) 298:385 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 4 48 used used 648:651 arg2 results 635:641 the results 631:641 the results 631:641 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 5 49 theme wood 909:912 arg1 degradation 914:924 wood degradation 909:924 wood degradation 909:924 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 7 50 theme products 1262:1269 arg1 formation 1234:1242 the formation 1230:1242 the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position 1230:1319 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 7 51 from increase 1218:1225 arg1 amount 1343:1348 the amount 1339:1348 the amount of lignin dimers 1339:1365 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 7 51 from increase 1218:1225 arg1 dimers 1360:1365 lignin dimers 1353:1365 lignin dimers 1353:1365 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 7 51 from increase 1218:1225 arg1 formation 1234:1242 the formation 1230:1242 the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position 1230:1319 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 5 52 theme compositional 825:837 arg1 data 839:842 in-depth compositional data 816:842 in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood 816:1087 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 4 53 dep components 566:575 arg1 holocellulose 578:590 holocellulose 578:590 holocellulose 578:590 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 4 53 dep components 566:575 arg1 components 566:575 isolated wood components 552:575 isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) 552:605 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 4 53 dep components 566:575 arg1 cellulose 596:604 cellulose 596:604 cellulose 596:604 In addition, sound oak wood and isolated wood components (holocellulose and cellulose) were also analyzed, and the results were used to highlight differences because of degradation. 26456777 5 54 theme archaeological 785:798 arg1 wood 800:803 archaeological wood 785:803 archaeological wood 785:803 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 7 55 from position 1312:1319 arg1 group 1290:1294 a carbonyl group 1279:1294 a carbonyl group at the benzylic position 1279:1319 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 7 56 theme wood 1247:1250 arg1 products 1262:1269 wood pyrolysis products 1247:1269 wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position 1247:1319 An increase in the formation of wood pyrolysis products bearing a carbonyl group at the benzylic position and a decrease in the amount of lignin dimers were observed. 26456777 2 57 theme Neolithic 325:333 arg1 village 349:355 the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village 321:355 the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy) 321:385 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 2 58 theme Marmotta 339:346 arg1 village 349:355 the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village 321:355 the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy) 321:385 The archaeological wood was from an oak pile from a stilt house found in the Neolithic 'La Marmotta' village (Lake Bracciano, Rome, Italy). 26456777 8 59 theme related 1393:1399 arg1 reactions 1435:1443 related to oxidation and depolymerization reactions 1393:1443 related to oxidation and depolymerization reactions 1393:1443 These were related to oxidation and depolymerization reactions, respectively. 26456777 3 60 theme five 514:517 arg1 five 514:517 five 514:517 five 514:517 The sampling was performed from the external to the internal part of the pile, following the annual growth rings in groups of five. 26456777 3 60 theme five 514:517 arg1 groups 504:509 groups 504:509 groups of five 504:517 The sampling was performed from the external to the internal part of the pile, following the annual growth rings in groups of five. 26456777 5 61 from information 746:756 arg1 thermo-chemistry 765:780 the thermo-chemistry 761:780 the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood 761:803 Our study demonstrated that EGA-MS provides information on the thermo-chemistry of archaeological wood along with in-depth compositional data thanks to the use of MS. Our investigations not only highlighted wood degradation in terms of differences between carbohydrates and lignin content, but also showed that lignin oxidation and depolymerization took place in the archaeological wood. 26456777 3 62 theme annual 481:486 arg1 rings 495:499 the annual growth rings 477:499 the annual growth rings in groups of five 477:517 The sampling was performed from the external to the internal part of the pile, following the annual growth rings in groups of five. 28261235 0 0 theme DoCSLA6 93:99 arg1 Localization 13:24 Cytochemical Localization 0:24 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale 0:68 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 0 0 theme DoCSLA6 93:99 arg1 Involvement 78:88 the Involvement 74:88 the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides 74:142 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 4 1 theme water-soluble 519:531 arg1 polysaccharides 533:547 the water-soluble polysaccharides 515:547 the water-soluble polysaccharides 515:547 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28261235 8 2 theme mannan 1146:1151 arg1 polysaccharides 1153:1167 mannan polysaccharides 1146:1167 mannan polysaccharides 1146:1167 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 9 3 theme 35S 1285:1287 arg1 lines 1308:1312 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines 1285:1312 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines 1285:1312 To determine whether the CSLA gene from D. officinale was responsible for the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides, 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines were generated and characterized. 28261235 0 4 from Localization 13:24 arg1 Synthesis 108:116 the Synthesis 104:116 the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides 104:142 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 0 4 from Localization 13:24 arg1 officinale 59:68 Dendrobium officinale 48:68 Dendrobium officinale 48:68 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 9 5 theme mannan 1261:1266 arg1 polysaccharides 1268:1282 mannan polysaccharides 1261:1282 mannan polysaccharides 1261:1282 To determine whether the CSLA gene from D. officinale was responsible for the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides, 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines were generated and characterized. 28261235 1 6 theme precious 172:179 arg1 plant 211:215 a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant 170:215 a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant 170:215 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 1 6 theme precious 172:179 arg1 officinale 156:165 Dendrobium officinale 145:165 Dendrobium officinale 145:165 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 3 7 theme water-soluble 393:405 arg1 content 422:428 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content 379:428 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content 379:428 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content was as high as 35% (w/w). 28261235 3 7 theme water-soluble 393:405 arg1 high 437:440 high 437:440 high 437:440 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content was as high as 35% (w/w). 28261235 7 8 theme similar 942:948 arg1 plastids 933:940 plastids 933:940 plastids similar to starch grains 933:965 The polysaccharides formed granules and were stored in plastids similar to starch grains, were localized in D. officinale stems by semi-thin and ultrathin sections. 28261235 10 9 theme CSLA 1377:1380 arg1 genes 1389:1393 the CSLA family genes 1373:1393 the CSLA family genes from D. officinale 1373:1412 Our results suggest that the CSLA family genes from D. officinale play an important role in the biosynthesis of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 6 10 theme officinale 789:798 arg1 stems 800:804 D. officinale stems 786:804 D. officinale stems 786:804 This result indicated that the major polysaccharides in D. officinale stems were non-starch polysaccharides, which might be mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 2 11 theme polysaccharides 320:334 arg1 composition 291:301 the composition 287:301 the composition of water-soluble polysaccharides 287:334 We determined the composition of water-soluble polysaccharides and starch content in D. officinale stems. 28261235 2 11 theme polysaccharides 320:334 arg1 content 347:353 starch content 340:353 starch content in D. officinale stems 340:376 We determined the composition of water-soluble polysaccharides and starch content in D. officinale stems. 28261235 2 12 from content 347:353 arg1 stems 372:376 D. officinale stems 358:376 D. officinale stems 358:376 We determined the composition of water-soluble polysaccharides and starch content in D. officinale stems. 28261235 4 13 theme small 610:614 arg1 galactose 626:634 galactose 626:634 galactose 626:634 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28261235 4 13 theme small 610:614 arg1 amount 616:621 a small amount 608:621 a small amount of galactose 608:634 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28261235 3 14 theme polysaccharide 407:420 arg1 content 422:428 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content 379:428 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content 379:428 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content was as high as 35% (w/w). 28261235 3 14 theme polysaccharide 407:420 arg1 high 437:440 high 437:440 high 437:440 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content was as high as 35% (w/w). 28261235 9 15 theme transgenic 1297:1306 arg1 lines 1308:1312 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines 1285:1312 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines 1285:1312 To determine whether the CSLA gene from D. officinale was responsible for the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides, 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines were generated and characterized. 28261235 10 16 theme important 1422:1430 arg1 role 1432:1435 an important role 1419:1435 an important role 1419:1435 Our results suggest that the CSLA family genes from D. officinale play an important role in the biosynthesis of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 6 17 theme D. 786:787 arg1 stems 800:804 D. officinale stems 786:804 D. officinale stems 786:804 This result indicated that the major polysaccharides in D. officinale stems were non-starch polysaccharides, which might be mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 2 18 theme water-soluble 306:318 arg1 polysaccharides 320:334 water-soluble polysaccharides 306:334 water-soluble polysaccharides 306:334 We determined the composition of water-soluble polysaccharides and starch content in D. officinale stems. 28261235 4 19 dep mannose 567:573 arg1 glucose 595:601 glucose 595:601 glucose 595:601 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28261235 2 20 theme D. 358:359 arg1 stems 372:376 D. officinale stems 358:376 D. officinale stems 358:376 We determined the composition of water-soluble polysaccharides and starch content in D. officinale stems. 28261235 4 21 theme monosaccharides 487:501 arg1 composition 472:482 the composition 468:482 the composition of monosaccharides 468:501 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28261235 7 22 located localized 973:981 arg1 stems 1000:1004 D. officinale stems 986:1004 D. officinale stems 986:1004 The polysaccharides formed granules and were stored in plastids similar to starch grains, were localized in D. officinale stems by semi-thin and ultrathin sections. 28261235 7 22 located localized 973:981 arg2 polysaccharides 882:896 The polysaccharides 878:896 The polysaccharides 878:896 The polysaccharides formed granules and were stored in plastids similar to starch grains, were localized in D. officinale stems by semi-thin and ultrathin sections. 28261235 7 23 theme starch 953:958 arg1 grains 960:965 starch grains 953:965 starch grains 953:965 The polysaccharides formed granules and were stored in plastids similar to starch grains, were localized in D. officinale stems by semi-thin and ultrathin sections. 28261235 1 24 theme traditional 181:191 arg1 plant 211:215 a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant 170:215 a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant 170:215 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 1 24 theme traditional 181:191 arg1 officinale 156:165 Dendrobium officinale 145:165 Dendrobium officinale 145:165 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 3 25 theme extracted 383:391 arg1 content 422:428 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content 379:428 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content 379:428 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content was as high as 35% (w/w). 28261235 3 25 theme extracted 383:391 arg1 high 437:440 high 437:440 high 437:440 The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide content was as high as 35% (w/w). 28261235 8 26 theme CELLULOSE 1043:1051 arg1 CSLA 1070:1073 CSLA 1070:1073 CSLA 1070:1073 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 8 26 theme CELLULOSE 1043:1051 arg1 A 1067:1067 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A 1043:1067 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members 1043:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 1 27 theme Chinese 193:199 arg1 plant 211:215 a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant 170:215 a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant 170:215 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 1 27 theme Chinese 193:199 arg1 officinale 156:165 Dendrobium officinale 145:165 Dendrobium officinale 145:165 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 9 28 theme polysaccharides 1268:1282 arg1 synthesis 1248:1256 the synthesis 1244:1256 the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides 1244:1282 To determine whether the CSLA gene from D. officinale was responsible for the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides, 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines were generated and characterized. 28261235 6 29 theme major 761:765 arg1 polysaccharides 822:836 non-starch polysaccharides 811:836 non-starch polysaccharides 811:836 This result indicated that the major polysaccharides in D. officinale stems were non-starch polysaccharides, which might be mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 6 29 theme major 761:765 arg1 polysaccharides 767:781 the major polysaccharides 757:781 the major polysaccharides in D. officinale stems 757:804 This result indicated that the major polysaccharides in D. officinale stems were non-starch polysaccharides, which might be mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 1 30 theme medicinal 201:209 arg1 plant 211:215 a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant 170:215 a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant 170:215 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 1 30 theme medicinal 201:209 arg1 officinale 156:165 Dendrobium officinale 145:165 Dendrobium officinale 145:165 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 0 31 theme Cytochemical 0:11 arg1 Localization 13:24 Cytochemical Localization 0:24 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale 0:68 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 4 32 theme lesser 581:586 arg1 extent 588:593 a lesser extent 579:593 a lesser extent 579:593 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28261235 8 33 theme A 1067:1067 arg1 members 1083:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members 1043:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members 1043:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 8 33 theme A 1067:1067 arg1 synthases 1105:1113 mannan synthases 1098:1113 mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides 1098:1167 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 9 34 theme D. 1210:1211 arg1 officinale 1213:1222 D. officinale 1210:1222 D. officinale 1210:1222 To determine whether the CSLA gene from D. officinale was responsible for the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides, 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines were generated and characterized. 28261235 8 35 theme SYNTHASE-LIKE 1053:1065 arg1 CSLA 1070:1073 CSLA 1070:1073 CSLA 1070:1073 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 8 35 theme SYNTHASE-LIKE 1053:1065 arg1 A 1067:1067 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A 1043:1067 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members 1043:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 0 36 theme Polysaccharides 29:43 arg1 Localization 13:24 Cytochemical Localization 0:24 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale 0:68 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 0 36 theme Polysaccharides 29:43 arg1 Involvement 78:88 the Involvement 74:88 the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides 74:142 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 0 37 theme Polysaccharides 128:142 arg1 Synthesis 108:116 the Synthesis 104:116 the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides 104:142 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 7 38 dep polysaccharides 882:896 arg1 stored 923:928 stored 923:928 were stored in plastids similar to starch grains 918:965 The polysaccharides formed granules and were stored in plastids similar to starch grains, were localized in D. officinale stems by semi-thin and ultrathin sections. 28261235 7 38 dep polysaccharides 882:896 arg1 formed 898:903 formed 898:903 formed granules 898:912 The polysaccharides formed granules and were stored in plastids similar to starch grains, were localized in D. officinale stems by semi-thin and ultrathin sections. 28261235 2 39 theme starch 340:345 arg1 content 347:353 starch content 340:353 starch content in D. officinale stems 340:376 We determined the composition of water-soluble polysaccharides and starch content in D. officinale stems. 28261235 0 40 theme Mannan 121:126 arg1 Polysaccharides 128:142 Mannan Polysaccharides 121:142 Mannan Polysaccharides 121:142 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 6 41 theme mannan 854:859 arg1 polysaccharides 861:875 mannan polysaccharides 854:875 mannan polysaccharides 854:875 This result indicated that the major polysaccharides in D. officinale stems were non-starch polysaccharides, which might be mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 10 42 from officinale 1403:1412 arg1 genes 1389:1393 the CSLA family genes 1373:1393 the CSLA family genes from D. officinale 1373:1412 Our results suggest that the CSLA family genes from D. officinale play an important role in the biosynthesis of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 0 43 theme Dendrobium 48:57 arg1 officinale 59:68 Dendrobium officinale 48:68 Dendrobium officinale 48:68 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 1 44 located found 257:261 arg2 polysaccharides 241:255 its abundant polysaccharides 228:255 its abundant polysaccharides found in stems 228:270 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 1 44 located found 257:261 arg1 stems 266:270 stems 266:270 stems 266:270 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 6 45 from polysaccharides 767:781 arg1 stems 800:804 D. officinale stems 786:804 D. officinale stems 786:804 This result indicated that the major polysaccharides in D. officinale stems were non-starch polysaccharides, which might be mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 4 46 theme 223:48:1 657:664 arg1 ratio 648:652 a molar ratio 640:652 a molar ratio of 223:48:1 640:664 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28261235 8 47 theme family 1076:1081 arg1 members 1083:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members 1043:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members 1043:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 8 47 theme family 1076:1081 arg1 synthases 1105:1113 mannan synthases 1098:1113 mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides 1098:1167 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 0 48 from Involvement 78:88 arg1 Synthesis 108:116 the Synthesis 104:116 the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides 104:142 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 0 48 from Involvement 78:88 arg1 officinale 59:68 Dendrobium officinale 48:68 Dendrobium officinale 48:68 Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale and the Involvement of DoCSLA6 in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides. 28261235 1 49 theme abundant 232:239 arg1 polysaccharides 241:255 its abundant polysaccharides 228:255 its abundant polysaccharides found in stems 228:270 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 8 50 theme polysaccharides 1153:1167 arg1 formation 1133:1141 the formation 1129:1141 the formation of mannan polysaccharides 1129:1167 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 8 51 theme mannan 1098:1103 arg1 members 1083:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members 1043:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members 1043:1089 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 8 51 theme mannan 1098:1103 arg1 synthases 1105:1113 mannan synthases 1098:1113 mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides 1098:1167 CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A (CSLA) family members encode mannan synthases that catalyze the formation of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 4 52 theme composition 472:482 arg1 Analysis 456:463 Analysis 456:463 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides 456:501 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28261235 7 53 theme semi-thin 1009:1017 arg1 sections 1033:1040 semi-thin and ultrathin sections 1009:1040 sections 1033:1040 The polysaccharides formed granules and were stored in plastids similar to starch grains, were localized in D. officinale stems by semi-thin and ultrathin sections. 28261235 9 54 theme DoCSLA6 1289:1295 arg1 lines 1308:1312 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines 1285:1312 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines 1285:1312 To determine whether the CSLA gene from D. officinale was responsible for the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides, 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines were generated and characterized. 28261235 10 55 theme mannan 1460:1465 arg1 polysaccharides 1467:1481 mannan polysaccharides 1460:1481 mannan polysaccharides 1460:1481 Our results suggest that the CSLA family genes from D. officinale play an important role in the biosynthesis of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 7 56 theme officinale 989:998 arg1 stems 1000:1004 D. officinale stems 986:1004 D. officinale stems 986:1004 The polysaccharides formed granules and were stored in plastids similar to starch grains, were localized in D. officinale stems by semi-thin and ultrathin sections. 28261235 9 57 from officinale 1213:1222 arg1 responsible 1228:1238 responsible 1228:1238 responsible 1228:1238 To determine whether the CSLA gene from D. officinale was responsible for the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides, 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines were generated and characterized. 28261235 9 57 from officinale 1213:1222 arg1 gene 1200:1203 the CSLA gene 1191:1203 the CSLA gene from D. officinale 1191:1222 To determine whether the CSLA gene from D. officinale was responsible for the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides, 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines were generated and characterized. 28261235 10 58 theme D. 1400:1401 arg1 officinale 1403:1412 D. officinale 1400:1412 D. officinale 1400:1412 Our results suggest that the CSLA family genes from D. officinale play an important role in the biosynthesis of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 2 59 theme officinale 361:370 arg1 stems 372:376 D. officinale stems 358:376 D. officinale stems 358:376 We determined the composition of water-soluble polysaccharides and starch content in D. officinale stems. 28261235 2 60 from composition 291:301 arg1 stems 372:376 D. officinale stems 358:376 D. officinale stems 358:376 We determined the composition of water-soluble polysaccharides and starch content in D. officinale stems. 28261235 7 61 theme ultrathin 1023:1031 arg1 sections 1033:1040 semi-thin and ultrathin sections 1009:1040 sections 1033:1040 The polysaccharides formed granules and were stored in plastids similar to starch grains, were localized in D. officinale stems by semi-thin and ultrathin sections. 28261235 6 62 theme non-starch 811:820 arg1 polysaccharides 822:836 non-starch polysaccharides 811:836 non-starch polysaccharides 811:836 This result indicated that the major polysaccharides in D. officinale stems were non-starch polysaccharides, which might be mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 6 62 theme non-starch 811:820 arg1 polysaccharides 767:781 the major polysaccharides 757:781 the major polysaccharides in D. officinale stems 757:804 This result indicated that the major polysaccharides in D. officinale stems were non-starch polysaccharides, which might be mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 10 63 theme polysaccharides 1467:1481 arg1 biosynthesis 1444:1455 the biosynthesis 1440:1455 the biosynthesis of mannan polysaccharides 1440:1481 Our results suggest that the CSLA family genes from D. officinale play an important role in the biosynthesis of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 1 64 theme Dendrobium 145:154 arg1 plant 211:215 a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant 170:215 a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant 170:215 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 1 64 theme Dendrobium 145:154 arg1 officinale 156:165 Dendrobium officinale 145:165 Dendrobium officinale 145:165 Dendrobium officinale is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. 28261235 9 65 theme CSLA 1195:1198 arg1 responsible 1228:1238 responsible 1228:1238 responsible 1228:1238 To determine whether the CSLA gene from D. officinale was responsible for the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides, 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines were generated and characterized. 28261235 9 65 theme CSLA 1195:1198 arg1 gene 1200:1203 the CSLA gene 1191:1203 the CSLA gene from D. officinale 1191:1222 To determine whether the CSLA gene from D. officinale was responsible for the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides, 35S:DoCSLA6 transgenic lines were generated and characterized. 28261235 4 66 theme molar 642:646 arg1 ratio 648:652 a molar ratio 640:652 a molar ratio of 223:48:1 640:664 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28261235 7 67 theme D. 986:987 arg1 stems 1000:1004 D. officinale stems 986:1004 D. officinale stems 986:1004 The polysaccharides formed granules and were stored in plastids similar to starch grains, were localized in D. officinale stems by semi-thin and ultrathin sections. 28261235 10 68 theme family 1382:1387 arg1 genes 1389:1393 the CSLA family genes 1373:1393 the CSLA family genes from D. officinale 1373:1412 Our results suggest that the CSLA family genes from D. officinale play an important role in the biosynthesis of mannan polysaccharides. 28261235 4 69 theme galactose 626:634 arg1 galactose 626:634 galactose 626:634 galactose 626:634 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28261235 4 69 theme galactose 626:634 arg1 amount 616:621 a small amount 608:621 a small amount of galactose 608:634 Analysis of the composition of monosaccharides showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides were dominated by mannose, to a lesser extent glucose, and a small amount of galactose, in a molar ratio of 223:48:1. 28820088 11 0 dep name 1750:1753 arg1 sp 1772:1773 Bacillus praedii sp 1755:1773 the name Bacillus praedii sp 1746:1773 This taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-25547T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp. 28820088 2 1 theme strain 146:151 arg1 FJAT-25547T 153:163 strain FJAT-25547T 146:163 strain FJAT-25547T 146:163 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 12 2 theme FJAT-25547T=CCTCC 1794:1810 arg1 101002T 1828:1834 type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T 1782:1834 type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T 1782:1834 nov. (type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T) is proposed. 28820088 12 2 theme FJAT-25547T=CCTCC 1794:1810 arg1 nov 1776:1778 nov 1776:1778 nov 1776:1778 nov. (type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T) is proposed. 28820088 3 3 theme optimum 440:446 arg1 % 450:450 optimum 4 % 440:450 optimum 4 % 440:450 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 3 3 theme optimum 440:446 arg1  NaCl 427:431 between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl 407:431 between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) 407:451 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 12 4 theme 2015208T=DSM 1815:1826 arg1 101002T 1828:1834 type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T 1782:1834 type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T 1782:1834 nov. (type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T) is proposed. 28820088 12 4 theme 2015208T=DSM 1815:1826 arg1 nov 1776:1778 nov 1776:1778 nov 1776:1778 nov. (type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T) is proposed. 28820088 6 5 theme main 733:736 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 756:777 diphosphatidylglycerol 756:777 diphosphatidylglycerol 756:777 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 28820088 6 5 theme main 733:736 arg1 lipids 744:749 The main polar lipids 729:749 The main polar lipids 729:749 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 28820088 2 6 theme PR 283:284 arg1 105° 27 303:309 31° 16' N 105° 27' E 293:312 31° 16' N 105° 27' E 293:312 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 2 6 theme PR 283:284 arg1 China 286:290 PR China 283:290 PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E) 283:313 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 12 7 theme type 1782:1785 arg1 101002T 1828:1834 type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T 1782:1834 type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T 1782:1834 nov. (type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T) is proposed. 28820088 12 7 theme type 1782:1785 arg1 nov 1776:1778 nov 1776:1778 nov 1776:1778 nov. (type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T) is proposed. 28820088 7 8 theme rRNA 866:869 arg1 sequences 876:884 16S rRNA gene sequences 862:884 16S rRNA gene sequences 862:884 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 9 dep Bacillus 1112:1119 arg1 kochii 1121:1126 kochii 1121:1126 kochii 1121:1126 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 9 10 theme hybridization 1423:1435 arg1 value 1437:1441 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value 1401:1441 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species 1401:1501 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species was 22.7 %, <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28820088 2 11 theme Gram-stain-positive 64:82 arg1 bacterium 124:132 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 62:132 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 62:132 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 11 12 theme Bacillus 1755:1762 arg1 sp 1772:1773 Bacillus praedii sp 1755:1773 the name Bacillus praedii sp 1746:1773 This taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-25547T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp. 28820088 11 13 theme novel 1700:1704 arg1 species 1706:1712 a novel species 1698:1712 a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp 1698:1773 This taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-25547T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp. 28820088 9 14 theme FJAT-25547T 1453:1463 arg1 value 1437:1441 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value 1401:1441 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species 1401:1501 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species was 22.7 %, <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28820088 8 15 theme type 1221:1224 arg1 23495T 1288:1293 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 1270:1293 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 1270:1293 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 15 theme type 1221:1224 arg1 strain 1226:1231 the type strain 1217:1231 the type strain of the most closely related species 1217:1267 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 7 16 theme % 1021:1021 arg1 similarity 1023:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 16 theme % 1021:1021 arg1 23495T 1008:1013 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T 984:1013 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity) 984:1033 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 9 17 theme strain 1446:1451 arg1 FJAT-25547T 1453:1463 strain FJAT-25547T 1446:1463 strain FJAT-25547T 1446:1463 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species was 22.7 %, <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28820088 4 18 theme isoprenoid 580:589 arg1 MK-7 603:606 MK-7 603:606 MK-7 603:606 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the main isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28820088 4 18 theme isoprenoid 580:589 arg1 quinone 591:597 the main isoprenoid quinone 571:597 the main isoprenoid quinone 571:597 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the main isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28820088 9 19 dep in 1405:1406 arg1 silico 1408:1413 silico 1408:1413 silico 1408:1413 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species was 22.7 %, <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28820088 5 20 theme major 613:617 arg1  0 717:718  0 717:718  0 717:718 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 20 theme major 613:617 arg1 iso-C15  636:643 iso-C15  636:643 iso-C15  636:643 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 20 theme major 613:617 arg1  0 645:646  0 645:646  0 645:646 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 20 theme major 613:617 arg1  0 671:672  0 671:672  0 671:672 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 20 theme major 613:617 arg1 acids 625:629 The major fatty acids 609:629 The major fatty acids 609:629 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 20 theme major 613:617 arg1  0 693:694  0 693:694  0 693:694 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 1 21 theme paddy 50:54 arg1 soil 56:59 purplish paddy soil 41:59 purplish paddy soil 41:59 nov., isolated from purplish paddy soil. 28820088 8 22 theme related 1253:1259 arg1 species 1261:1267 the most closely related species 1236:1267 the most closely related species 1236:1267 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 2 23 attach isolated 170:177 arg1 soil 203:206 the purplish paddy soil 184:206 the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E) 184:313 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 2 23 attach isolated 170:177 arg2 bacterium 124:132 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 62:132 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 62:132 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 3 24 theme optimum 386:392 arg1 30 °C 394:398 optimum 30 °C 386:398 optimum 30 °C 386:398 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 3 24 theme optimum 386:392 arg1 15 372:373 15 372:373 15 372:373 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 7 25 theme Bacillus 984:991 arg1 similarity 1023:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 25 theme Bacillus 984:991 arg1 23495T 1008:1013 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T 984:1013 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity) 984:1033 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 3 26 dep % 426:426 arg1 10.0  421:425 10.0  421:425 10.0  421:425 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 3 26 dep % 426:426 arg1 0 415:415 0 415:415 0 415:415 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 0 27 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 17:18 Bacillus praedii sp 0:18 Bacillus praedii sp. 0:19 Bacillus praedii sp. 28820088 8 28 theme horneckiae 1273:1282 arg1 23495T 1288:1293 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 1270:1293 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 1270:1293 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 28 theme horneckiae 1273:1282 arg1 strain 1226:1231 the type strain 1217:1231 the type strain of the most closely related species 1217:1267 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 7 29 dep Bacillus 1036:1043 arg1 eiseniae 1045:1052 eiseniae 1045:1052 eiseniae 1045:1052 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 30 theme Bacillus 1070:1077 arg1 IITR-54T 1090:1097 Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T 1070:1097 Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) 1070:1106 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 30 theme Bacillus 1070:1077 arg1 % 1105:1105 97.2 % 1100:1105 97.2 % 1100:1105 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 4 31 theme meso-diaminopimelic 541:559 arg1 acid 561:564 meso-diaminopimelic acid 541:564 meso-diaminopimelic acid 541:564 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the main isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28820088 2 32 theme purplish 188:195 arg1 soil 203:206 the purplish paddy soil 184:206 the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E) 184:313 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 8 33 theme average 1152:1158 arg1 value 1180:1184 The average nucleotide identity value 1148:1184 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, 1148:1294 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 33 theme average 1152:1158 arg1 % 1305:1305 77.7 % 1300:1305 77.7 % 1300:1305 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 2 34 theme  N 300:301 arg1 105° 27 303:309 31° 16' N 105° 27' E 293:312 31° 16' N 105° 27' E 293:312 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 2 34 theme  N 300:301 arg1 China 286:290 PR China 283:290 PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E) 283:313 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 8 35 theme % 1353:1353 arg1 value 1339:1343 the proposed cut-off value 1318:1343 the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus 1318:1398 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 36 theme less 1308:1311 arg1 value 1180:1184 The average nucleotide identity value 1148:1184 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, 1148:1294 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 36 theme less 1308:1311 arg1 % 1305:1305 77.7 % 1300:1305 77.7 % 1300:1305 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 37 theme identity 1171:1178 arg1 value 1180:1184 The average nucleotide identity value 1148:1184 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, 1148:1294 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 37 theme identity 1171:1178 arg1 % 1305:1305 77.7 % 1300:1305 77.7 % 1300:1305 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 38 theme differentiating 1359:1373 arg1 species 1375:1381 differentiating species 1359:1381 differentiating species within the genus 1359:1398 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 7 39 dep Bacillus 1070:1077 arg1 mesophilum 1079:1088 mesophilum 1079:1088 mesophilum 1079:1088 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 40 theme Bacillus 1036:1043 arg1 A1-2T 1054:1058 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 1036:1058 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %) 1036:1067 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 40 theme Bacillus 1036:1043 arg1 % 1066:1066 97.5 % 1061:1066 97.5 % 1061:1066 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 8 41 theme cut-off 1331:1337 arg1 value 1339:1343 the proposed cut-off value 1318:1343 the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus 1318:1398 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 10 42 theme G+C 1578:1580 arg1 content 1582:1588 The DNA G+C content 1570:1588 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T 1570:1610 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T was 39.1 mol%. 28820088 10 42 theme G+C 1578:1580 arg1 % 1624:1624 39.1 mol% 1616:1624 39.1 mol% 1616:1624 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T was 39.1 mol%. 28820088 3 43 theme 4  448:449 arg1 % 450:450 optimum 4 % 440:450 optimum 4 % 440:450 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 3 43 theme 4  448:449 arg1  NaCl 427:431 between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl 407:431 between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) 407:451 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 10 44 theme 39.1 mol 1616:1623 arg1 content 1582:1588 The DNA G+C content 1570:1588 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T 1570:1610 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T was 39.1 mol%. 28820088 10 44 theme 39.1 mol 1616:1623 arg1 % 1624:1624 39.1 mol% 1616:1624 39.1 mol% 1616:1624 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T was 39.1 mol%. 28820088 7 45 theme strain 898:903 arg1 FJAT-25547T 905:915 strain FJAT-25547T 898:915 strain FJAT-25547T 898:915 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 45 theme strain 898:903 arg1 member 923:928 a member 921:928 a member of the genus Bacillus 921:950 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 12 46 theme strain 1787:1792 arg1 101002T 1828:1834 type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T 1782:1834 type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T 1782:1834 nov. (type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T) is proposed. 28820088 12 46 theme strain 1787:1792 arg1 nov 1776:1778 nov 1776:1778 nov 1776:1778 nov. (type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T) is proposed. 28820088 10 47 theme FJAT-25547T 1600:1610 arg1 content 1582:1588 The DNA G+C content 1570:1588 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T 1570:1610 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T was 39.1 mol%. 28820088 10 47 theme FJAT-25547T 1600:1610 arg1 % 1624:1624 39.1 mol% 1616:1624 39.1 mol% 1616:1624 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T was 39.1 mol%. 28820088 11 48 theme genus 1721:1725 arg1 species 1706:1712 a novel species 1698:1712 a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp 1698:1773 This taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-25547T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp. 28820088 6 49 theme polar 738:742 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 756:777 diphosphatidylglycerol 756:777 diphosphatidylglycerol 756:777 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 28820088 6 49 theme polar 738:742 arg1 lipids 744:749 The main polar lipids 729:749 The main polar lipids 729:749 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 28820088 2 50 theme paddy 197:201 arg1 soil 203:206 the purplish paddy soil 184:206 the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E) 184:313 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 12 51 theme AB 1812:1813 arg1 101002T 1828:1834 type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T 1782:1834 type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T 1782:1834 nov. (type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T) is proposed. 28820088 12 51 theme AB 1812:1813 arg1 nov 1776:1778 nov 1776:1778 nov 1776:1778 nov. (type strain FJAT-25547T=CCTCC AB 2015208T=DSM 101002T) is proposed. 28820088 7 52 theme gene 871:874 arg1 sequences 876:884 16S rRNA gene sequences 862:884 16S rRNA gene sequences 862:884 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 9 53 theme in 1405:1406 arg1 hybridization 1423:1435 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 1401:1435 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species 1401:1501 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species was 22.7 %, <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28820088 7 54 theme 16S 862:864 arg1 sequences 876:884 16S rRNA gene sequences 862:884 16S rRNA gene sequences 862:884 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 11 55 theme taxono-genomics 1632:1646 arg1 study 1648:1652 This taxono-genomics study 1627:1652 This taxono-genomics study 1627:1652 This taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-25547T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp. 28820088 9 56 theme DNA-DNA 1415:1421 arg1 hybridization 1423:1435 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 1401:1435 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species 1401:1501 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species was 22.7 %, <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28820088 4 57 theme cell-wall 507:515 arg1 peptidoglycan 517:529 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 503:529 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 503:529 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the main isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28820088 7 58 theme WCC 1128:1130 arg1 4582T 1132:1136 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T 1112:1136 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %) 1112:1145 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 58 theme WCC 1128:1130 arg1 % 1144:1144 97.0 % 1139:1144 97.0 % 1139:1144 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 59 theme Phylogenetic 831:842 arg1 analyses 844:851 Phylogenetic analyses 831:851 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 831:884 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 11 60 theme strain 1668:1673 arg1 FJAT-25547T 1675:1685 strain FJAT-25547T 1668:1685 strain FJAT-25547T 1668:1685 This taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-25547T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp. 28820088 11 61 theme praedii 1764:1770 arg1 sp 1772:1773 Bacillus praedii sp 1755:1773 the name Bacillus praedii sp 1746:1773 This taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-25547T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp. 28820088 7 62 theme Bacillus 1112:1119 arg1 4582T 1132:1136 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T 1112:1136 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %) 1112:1145 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 62 theme Bacillus 1112:1119 arg1 % 1144:1144 97.0 % 1139:1144 97.0 % 1139:1144 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 63 theme 97.7  1016:1020 arg1 similarity 1023:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 63 theme 97.7  1016:1020 arg1 23495T 1008:1013 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T 984:1013 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity) 984:1033 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 3 64 theme optimum 486:492 arg1 pH 5.0-12.0 473:483 pH 5.0-12.0 473:483 pH 5.0-12.0 473:483 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 3 64 theme optimum 486:492 arg1 pH 494:495 optimum pH 9.0 486:499 optimum pH 9.0 486:499 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 2 65 dep Gram-stain-positive 64:82 arg1 aerobic 116:122 aerobic 116:122 aerobic 116:122 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 2 65 dep Gram-stain-positive 64:82 arg1 endospore-forming 97:113 endospore-forming 97:113 endospore-forming 97:113 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 2 65 dep Gram-stain-positive 64:82 arg1 rod-shaped 85:94 rod-shaped 85:94 rod-shaped 85:94 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-25547T, was isolated from the purplish paddy soil collected from Linshan Township, Yanting Prefecture of Sichuan Province in PR China (31° 16' N 105° 27' E). 28820088 7 66 theme DSM 1004:1006 arg1 similarity 1023:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 66 theme DSM 1004:1006 arg1 23495T 1008:1013 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T 984:1013 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity) 984:1033 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 11 67 dep genus 1721:1725 arg1 Bacillus 1727:1734 the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp 1717:1773 the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp 1717:1773 This taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-25547T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus praedii sp. 28820088 4 68 theme main 575:578 arg1 MK-7 603:606 MK-7 603:606 MK-7 603:606 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the main isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28820088 4 68 theme main 575:578 arg1 quinone 591:597 the main isoprenoid quinone 571:597 the main isoprenoid quinone 571:597 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the main isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28820088 1 69 theme purplish 41:48 arg1 soil 56:59 purplish paddy soil 41:59 purplish paddy soil 41:59 nov., isolated from purplish paddy soil. 28820088 9 70 theme related 1487:1493 arg1 species 1495:1501 the most closely related species 1470:1501 the most closely related species 1470:1501 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species was 22.7 %, <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28820088 8 71 theme species 1261:1267 arg1 strain 1194:1199 strain FJAT-25547T 1194:1211 strain FJAT-25547T 1194:1211 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 71 theme species 1261:1267 arg1 23495T 1288:1293 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 1270:1293 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 1270:1293 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 71 theme species 1261:1267 arg1 strain 1226:1231 the type strain 1217:1231 the type strain of the most closely related species 1217:1267 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 5 72 theme fatty 619:623 arg1  0 717:718  0 717:718  0 717:718 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 72 theme fatty 619:623 arg1 iso-C15  636:643 iso-C15  636:643 iso-C15  636:643 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 72 theme fatty 619:623 arg1  0 645:646  0 645:646  0 645:646 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 72 theme fatty 619:623 arg1  0 671:672  0 671:672  0 671:672 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 72 theme fatty 619:623 arg1 acids 625:629 The major fatty acids 609:629 The major fatty acids 609:629 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 72 theme fatty 619:623 arg1  0 693:694  0 693:694  0 693:694 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 8 73 theme B. 1270:1271 arg1 23495T 1288:1293 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 1270:1293 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 1270:1293 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 73 theme B. 1270:1271 arg1 strain 1226:1231 the type strain 1217:1231 the type strain of the most closely related species 1217:1267 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 0 74 theme praedii 9:15 arg1 sp 17:18 Bacillus praedii sp 0:18 Bacillus praedii sp. 0:19 Bacillus praedii sp. 28820088 3 75 dep  NaCl 427:431 arg1 % 426:426 % 426:426 % 426:426 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 8 76 theme DSM 1284:1286 arg1 23495T 1288:1293 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 1270:1293 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 1270:1293 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 76 theme DSM 1284:1286 arg1 strain 1226:1231 the type strain 1217:1231 the type strain of the most closely related species 1217:1267 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 9 77 with value 1437:1441 arg1 species 1495:1501 the most closely related species 1470:1501 the most closely related species 1470:1501 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species was 22.7 %, <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28820088 3 78 theme pH 5.0-12.0 473:483 arg1 range 464:468 the range 460:468 the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0) 460:500 Growth was achieved aerobically at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 30 °C), with between 0 and 10.0 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 4 %) and in the range of pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 9.0). 28820088 7 79 theme Bacillus 943:950 arg1 FJAT-25547T 905:915 strain FJAT-25547T 898:915 strain FJAT-25547T 898:915 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 7 79 theme Bacillus 943:950 arg1 member 923:928 a member 921:928 a member of the genus Bacillus 921:950 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 5 80 dep iso-C15  636:643 arg1 % 654:654 55.4 % 649:654 55.4 % 649:654 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 80 dep iso-C15  636:643 arg1  0 717:718  0 717:718  0 717:718 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 80 dep iso-C15  636:643 arg1 % 680:680 22.2 % 675:680 22.2 % 675:680 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 80 dep iso-C15  636:643 arg1 iso-C15  636:643 iso-C15  636:643 iso-C15  636:643 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 80 dep iso-C15  636:643 arg1  0 645:646  0 645:646  0 645:646 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 80 dep iso-C15  636:643 arg1 % 701:701 5.1 % 697:701 5.1 % 697:701 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 80 dep iso-C15  636:643 arg1  0 671:672  0 671:672  0 671:672 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 80 dep iso-C15  636:643 arg1 % 725:725 6.5 % 721:725 6.5 % 721:725 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 80 dep iso-C15  636:643 arg1 acids 625:629 The major fatty acids 609:629 The major fatty acids 609:629 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 5 80 dep iso-C15  636:643 arg1  0 693:694  0 693:694  0 693:694 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.1 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (6.5 %). 28820088 7 81 dep Bacillus 984:991 arg1 horneckiae 993:1002 horneckiae 993:1002 horneckiae 993:1002 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-25547T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 % similarity), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.5 %), Bacillus mesophilum IITR-54T (97.2 %) and Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.0 %). 28820088 10 82 theme DNA 1574:1576 arg1 content 1582:1588 The DNA G+C content 1570:1588 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T 1570:1610 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T was 39.1 mol%. 28820088 10 82 theme DNA 1574:1576 arg1 % 1624:1624 39.1 mol% 1616:1624 39.1 mol% 1616:1624 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T was 39.1 mol%. 28820088 4 83 contain contained 531:539 arg1 peptidoglycan 517:529 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 503:529 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 503:529 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the main isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28820088 4 83 contain contained 531:539 arg2 acid 561:564 meso-diaminopimelic acid 541:564 meso-diaminopimelic acid 541:564 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the main isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28820088 9 84 theme different 1554:1562 arg1 taxa 1564:1567 different taxa 1554:1567 different taxa 1554:1567 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain FJAT-25547T with the most closely related species was 22.7 %, <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28820088 8 85 theme proposed 1322:1329 arg1 value 1339:1343 the proposed cut-off value 1318:1343 the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus 1318:1398 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 10 86 theme strain 1593:1598 arg1 FJAT-25547T 1600:1610 strain FJAT-25547T 1593:1610 strain FJAT-25547T 1593:1610 The DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-25547T was 39.1 mol%. 28820088 8 87 theme nucleotide 1160:1169 arg1 value 1180:1184 The average nucleotide identity value 1148:1184 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, 1148:1294 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 28820088 8 87 theme nucleotide 1160:1169 arg1 % 1305:1305 77.7 % 1300:1305 77.7 % 1300:1305 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-25547T and the type strain of the most closely related species, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, was 77.7 %, less than the proposed cut-off value of 96.0 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27262360 6 0 theme Halioticoli 987:997 arg1 species 1005:1011 nine Halioticoli clade species 982:1011 nine Halioticoli clade species 982:1011 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed that the five strains were in the range of being defined as conspecific but separate from nine Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 1 theme clade 1694:1698 arg1 species 1700:1706 Halioticoli clade species 1682:1706 Halioticoli clade species 1682:1706 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 12 2 theme Halioticoli 1775:1785 arg1 clade 1787:1791 Halioticoli clade 1775:1791 Halioticoli clade 1775:1791 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 9 3 theme genome-based 1348:1359 arg1 approach 1371:1378 The genome-based taxonomic approach 1344:1378 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values 1344:1411 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 4 4 from analyses 472:479 arg1 basis 488:492 the basis 484:492 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 484:519 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 10 5 theme temperature 1541:1551 arg1 range 1553:1557 growth temperature range 1534:1557 growth temperature range 1534:1557 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 5 theme temperature 1541:1551 arg1 traits 1526:1531 Sixteen traits 1518:1531 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) 1518:1647 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 9 6 dep in 1392:1393 arg1 silico 1395:1400 silico 1395:1400 silico 1395:1400 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 4 7 with cluster 637:643 arg1 species 669:675 known Vibrionaceae species 650:675 known Vibrionaceae species 650:675 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 2 8 theme coral 249:253 arg1 areas 260:264 coral reef areas 249:264 coral reef areas 249:264 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 1 9 from nov. 24:27 arg1 clade 45:49 Halioticoli clade 33:49 Halioticoli clade 33:49 nov., in Halioticoli clade isolated from seawater in Okinawa coral reef area, Japan. 27262360 8 10 theme strain 1150:1155 arg1 T 1160:1160 T 1160:1160 T 1160:1160 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 10 theme strain 1150:1155 arg1 C1 1157:1158 the strain C1 1146:1158 the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) 1146:1309 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 11 theme Acid 1097:1100 arg1 Identity 1102:1109 Amino Acid Identity 1091:1109 Amino Acid Identity 1091:1109 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 5 12 dep gapA 720:723 arg1 ftsZ 732:735 ftsZ 732:735 ftsZ 732:735 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 5 12 dep gapA 720:723 arg1 recA 750:753 recA 750:753 recA 750:753 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 5 12 dep gapA 720:723 arg1 rpoA 756:759 rpoA 756:759 rpoA 756:759 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 5 12 dep gapA 720:723 arg1 mreB 738:741 mreB 738:741 mreB 738:741 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 5 12 dep gapA 720:723 arg1 pyrH 744:747 pyrH 744:747 pyrH 744:747 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 5 12 dep gapA 720:723 arg1 topA 766:769 topA 766:769 topA 766:769 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 5 12 dep gapA 720:723 arg1 gyrB 726:729 gyrB 726:729 gyrB 726:729 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 12 13 theme T 1835:1835 arg1 T 1848:1848 T 1848:1848 T 1848:1848 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 13 theme T 1835:1835 arg1 strain 1817:1822 the type strain 1808:1822 the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)) 1808:1850 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 13 theme T 1835:1835 arg1 28703 1842:1846 JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703 1825:1846 JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T) 1825:1849 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 6 14 theme DNA-DNA 856:862 arg1 data 878:881 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data 839:881 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data 839:881 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed that the five strains were in the range of being defined as conspecific but separate from nine Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 9 15 theme Halioticoli 1491:1501 arg1 species 1509:1515 the other known Halioticoli clade species 1475:1515 the other known Halioticoli clade species 1475:1515 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 8 16 theme neonatus 1262:1269 arg1 T 1278:1278 T 1278:1278 T 1278:1278 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 16 theme neonatus 1262:1269 arg1 HDD3-1 1271:1276 Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1 1255:1276 Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) 1255:1279 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 12 17 theme =LMG 1837:1840 arg1 T 1848:1848 T 1848:1848 T 1848:1848 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 17 theme =LMG 1837:1840 arg1 strain 1817:1822 the type strain 1808:1822 the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)) 1808:1850 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 17 theme =LMG 1837:1840 arg1 28703 1842:1846 JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703 1825:1846 JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T) 1825:1849 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 10 18 theme indole 1589:1594 arg1 production 1596:1605 indole production 1589:1605 indole production 1589:1605 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 18 theme indole 1589:1594 arg1 traits 1526:1531 Sixteen traits 1518:1531 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) 1518:1647 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 8 19 theme Nucleotide 1123:1132 arg1 Identity 1134:1141 Average Nucleotide Identity 1115:1141 Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) 1115:1309 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 5 20 dep genes 713:717 arg1 gapA 720:723 gapA 720:723 gapA 720:723 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 8 21 theme Vibrio 1171:1176 arg1 T 1192:1192 T 1192:1192 T 1192:1192 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 21 theme Vibrio 1171:1176 arg1 HDS1-1 1185:1190 Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1 1171:1190 Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T) 1171:1193 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 12 22 theme 19231 1829:1833 arg1 T 1848:1848 T 1848:1848 T 1848:1848 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 22 theme 19231 1829:1833 arg1 strain 1817:1822 the type strain 1808:1822 the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)) 1808:1850 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 22 theme 19231 1829:1833 arg1 28703 1842:1846 JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703 1825:1846 JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T) 1825:1849 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 8 23 dep similarity 1332:1341 arg1 % 1330:1330 % 1330:1330 % 1330:1330 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 5 24 theme Halioticoli 820:830 arg1 clade 832:836 Halioticoli clade 820:836 Halioticoli clade 820:836 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 3 25 theme advanced 306:313 arg1 taxonomy 326:333 an advanced polyphasic taxonomy 303:333 an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH) 303:456 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 8 26 theme Vibrio 1285:1290 arg1 T 1308:1308 T 1308:1308 T 1308:1308 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 26 theme Vibrio 1285:1290 arg1 G3-29 1302:1306 Vibrio superstes G3-29 1285:1306 Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) 1285:1309 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 12 27 with species 1764:1770 arg1 C1 1799:1800 C1 1799:1800 C1(T) 1799:1803 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 27 with species 1764:1770 arg1 T 1802:1802 T 1802:1802 T 1802:1802 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 4 28 theme known 650:654 arg1 species 669:675 known Vibrionaceae species 650:675 known Vibrionaceae species 650:675 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 3 29 theme genome 345:350 arg1 taxonomy 358:365 genome based taxonomy 345:365 genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH) 345:456 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 8 30 theme gallicus 1203:1210 arg1 HT2-1 1212:1216 Vibrio gallicus HT2-1 1196:1216 Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T) 1196:1219 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 30 theme gallicus 1203:1210 arg1 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 12 31 theme JCM 1825:1827 arg1 T 1848:1848 T 1848:1848 T 1848:1848 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 31 theme JCM 1825:1827 arg1 strain 1817:1822 the type strain 1808:1822 the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)) 1808:1850 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 31 theme JCM 1825:1827 arg1 28703 1842:1846 JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703 1825:1846 JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T) 1825:1849 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 2 32 attach isolated 203:210 arg2 strains 120:126 Five novel strains 109:126 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features 109:196 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 2 32 attach isolated 203:210 arg1 samples 226:232 seawater samples 217:232 seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas 217:264 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 10 33 dep traits 1526:1531 arg1 DNase 1560:1564 DNase 1560:1564 DNase 1560:1564 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 33 dep traits 1526:1531 arg1 production 1577:1586 lipase production 1570:1586 lipase production 1570:1586 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 33 dep traits 1526:1531 arg1 range 1553:1557 growth temperature range 1534:1557 growth temperature range 1534:1557 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 33 dep traits 1526:1531 arg1 traits 1526:1531 Sixteen traits 1518:1531 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) 1518:1647 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 5 34 theme protein-coding 698:711 arg1 genes 713:717 eight protein-coding genes 692:717 eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) 692:770 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 3 35 theme multilocus 373:382 arg1 MLSA 403:406 MLSA 403:406 MLSA 403:406 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 3 35 theme multilocus 373:382 arg1 analysis 393:400 multilocus sequence analysis 373:400 multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) 373:407 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 0 36 theme Vibrio 0:5 arg1 sp 20:21 Vibrio ishigakensis sp 0:21 Vibrio ishigakensis sp. 0:22 Vibrio ishigakensis sp. 27262360 9 37 theme taxonomic 1361:1369 arg1 approach 1371:1378 The genome-based taxonomic approach 1344:1378 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values 1344:1411 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 38 theme compounds 1638:1646 arg1 production 1596:1605 indole production 1589:1605 indole production 1589:1605 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 38 theme compounds 1638:1646 arg1 traits 1526:1531 Sixteen traits 1518:1531 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) 1518:1647 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 38 theme compounds 1638:1646 arg1 DNase 1560:1564 DNase 1560:1564 DNase 1560:1564 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 38 theme compounds 1638:1646 arg1 assimilation 1612:1623 assimilation 1612:1623 assimilation 1612:1623 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 38 theme compounds 1638:1646 arg1 production 1577:1586 lipase production 1570:1586 lipase production 1570:1586 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 38 theme compounds 1638:1646 arg1 range 1553:1557 growth temperature range 1534:1557 growth temperature range 1534:1557 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 4 39 theme sequences 511:519 arg1 basis 488:492 the basis 484:492 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 484:519 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 3 40 theme in 443:444 arg1 DDH 453:455 in silico DDH 443:455 in silico DDH 443:455 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 3 40 theme in 443:444 arg1 similarity 431:440 in silico DNA-DNA similarity 413:440 in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH) 413:456 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 9 41 dep V. 1431:1432 arg1 ishigakensis 1434:1445 ishigakensis 1434:1445 ishigakensis 1434:1445 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 42 theme growth 1534:1539 arg1 range 1553:1557 growth temperature range 1534:1557 growth temperature range 1534:1557 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 42 theme growth 1534:1539 arg1 traits 1526:1531 Sixteen traits 1518:1531 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) 1518:1647 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 1 43 theme reef 91:94 arg1 area 96:99 coral reef area 85:99 coral reef area 85:99 nov., in Halioticoli clade isolated from seawater in Okinawa coral reef area, Japan. 27262360 2 44 theme alginolytic 148:158 arg1 features 189:196 non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features 136:196 non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features 136:196 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 7 45 theme ishigakensis 1045:1056 arg1 strains 1058:1064 the Vibrio ishigakensis strains 1034:1064 the Vibrio ishigakensis strains 1034:1064 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains were 47.3-49.1mol%. 27262360 3 46 dep in 413:414 arg1 silico 416:421 silico 416:421 silico 416:421 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 2 47 theme non-motile 136:145 arg1 features 189:196 non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features 136:196 non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features 136:196 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 2 48 theme novel 114:118 arg1 strains 120:126 Five novel strains 109:126 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features 109:196 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 4 49 theme rRNA 501:504 arg1 sequences 511:519 16S rRNA gene sequences 497:519 16S rRNA gene sequences 497:519 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 2 50 theme fermentative 176:187 arg1 features 189:196 non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features 136:196 non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features 136:196 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 2 51 theme halophilic 161:170 arg1 features 189:196 non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features 136:196 non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features 136:196 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 8 52 theme Vibrio 1255:1260 arg1 T 1278:1278 T 1278:1278 T 1278:1278 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 52 theme Vibrio 1255:1260 arg1 HDD3-1 1271:1276 Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1 1255:1276 Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) 1255:1279 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 1 53 theme Halioticoli 33:43 arg1 clade 45:49 Halioticoli clade 33:49 Halioticoli clade 33:49 nov., in Halioticoli clade isolated from seawater in Okinawa coral reef area, Japan. 27262360 6 54 theme clade 999:1003 arg1 species 1005:1011 nine Halioticoli clade species 982:1011 nine Halioticoli clade species 982:1011 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed that the five strains were in the range of being defined as conspecific but separate from nine Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 4 55 theme genus 573:577 arg1 Vibrio 579:584 the genus Vibrio 569:584 the genus Vibrio 569:584 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 7 56 theme G+C 1018:1020 arg1 % 1083:1083 47.3-49.1mol% 1071:1083 47.3-49.1mol% 1071:1083 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains were 47.3-49.1mol%. 27262360 7 56 theme G+C 1018:1020 arg1 contents 1022:1029 The G+C contents 1014:1029 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains 1014:1064 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains were 47.3-49.1mol%. 27262360 1 57 from seawater 65:72 arg1 Japan 102:106 Japan 102:106 Japan 102:106 nov., in Halioticoli clade isolated from seawater in Okinawa coral reef area, Japan. 27262360 9 58 theme V. 1431:1432 arg1 distinct 1461:1468 distinct 1461:1468 distinct 1461:1468 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 9 58 theme V. 1431:1432 arg1 strains 1447:1453 the V. ishigakensis strains 1427:1453 the V. ishigakensis strains 1427:1453 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 59 theme Halioticoli 1682:1692 arg1 species 1700:1706 Halioticoli clade species 1682:1706 Halioticoli clade species 1682:1706 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 12 60 theme type 1812:1815 arg1 nov. 1739:1742 nov. 1739:1742 nov. 1739:1742 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 60 theme type 1812:1815 arg1 28703 1842:1846 JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703 1825:1846 JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T) 1825:1849 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 12 60 theme type 1812:1815 arg1 strain 1817:1822 the type strain 1808:1822 the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)) 1808:1850 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 2 61 theme reef 255:258 arg1 areas 260:264 coral reef areas 249:264 coral reef areas 249:264 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 12 62 theme clade 1787:1791 arg1 species 1764:1770 the species 1760:1770 the species 1760:1770 nov. is proposed for the species of Halioticoli clade, with C1(T) as the type strain (JCM 19231(T)=LMG 28703(T)). 27262360 10 63 theme lipase 1570:1575 arg1 production 1577:1586 lipase production 1570:1586 lipase production 1570:1586 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 10 63 theme lipase 1570:1575 arg1 traits 1526:1531 Sixteen traits 1518:1531 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) 1518:1647 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 2 64 dep Okinawa 238:244 arg1 off 234:236 off 234:236 off 234:236 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 8 65 theme Amino 1091:1095 arg1 Identity 1102:1109 Amino Acid Identity 1091:1109 Amino Acid Identity 1091:1109 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 6 66 theme hybridization 864:876 arg1 data 878:881 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data 839:881 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data 839:881 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed that the five strains were in the range of being defined as conspecific but separate from nine Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 9 67 theme known 1485:1489 arg1 species 1509:1515 the other known Halioticoli clade species 1475:1515 the other known Halioticoli clade species 1475:1515 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 9 68 dep supports 1418:1425 arg1 distinct 1461:1468 distinct 1461:1468 distinct 1461:1468 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 9 68 dep supports 1418:1425 arg1 strains 1447:1453 the V. ishigakensis strains 1427:1453 the V. ishigakensis strains 1427:1453 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 2 69 theme seawater 217:224 arg1 samples 226:232 seawater samples 217:232 seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas 217:264 Five novel strains showing non-motile, alginolytic, halophilic and fermentative features were isolated from seawater samples off Okinawa in coral reef areas. 27262360 6 70 theme experimental 843:854 arg1 data 878:881 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data 839:881 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data 839:881 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed that the five strains were in the range of being defined as conspecific but separate from nine Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 9 71 theme clade 1503:1507 arg1 species 1509:1515 the other known Halioticoli clade species 1475:1515 the other known Halioticoli clade species 1475:1515 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 5 72 theme outskirt 801:808 arg1 branch 810:815 an outskirt branch 798:815 an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade 798:836 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 8 73 theme Average 1115:1121 arg1 Identity 1134:1141 Average Nucleotide Identity 1115:1141 Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) 1115:1309 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 9 74 theme other 1479:1483 arg1 species 1509:1515 the other known Halioticoli clade species 1475:1515 the other known Halioticoli clade species 1475:1515 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 4 75 theme Vibrionaceae 656:667 arg1 species 669:675 known Vibrionaceae species 650:675 known Vibrionaceae species 650:675 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 8 76 theme superstes 1292:1300 arg1 T 1308:1308 T 1308:1308 T 1308:1308 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 76 theme superstes 1292:1300 arg1 G3-29 1302:1306 Vibrio superstes G3-29 1285:1306 Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) 1285:1309 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 77 theme ezurae 1178:1183 arg1 T 1192:1192 T 1192:1192 T 1192:1192 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 77 theme ezurae 1178:1183 arg1 HDS1-1 1185:1190 Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1 1171:1190 Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T) 1171:1193 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 78 dep % 1330:1330 arg1 95 1328:1329 95 1328:1329 95 1328:1329 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 9 79 from species 1509:1515 arg1 distinct 1461:1468 distinct 1461:1468 distinct 1461:1468 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 9 79 from species 1509:1515 arg1 strains 1447:1453 the V. ishigakensis strains 1427:1453 the V. ishigakensis strains 1427:1453 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 3 80 theme polyphasic 315:324 arg1 taxonomy 326:333 an advanced polyphasic taxonomy 303:333 an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH) 303:456 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 4 81 theme distinct 628:635 arg1 cluster 637:643 any distinct cluster 624:643 any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species 624:675 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 3 82 theme based 352:356 arg1 taxonomy 358:365 genome based taxonomy 345:365 genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH) 345:456 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 8 83 theme Vibrio 1196:1201 arg1 HT2-1 1212:1216 Vibrio gallicus HT2-1 1196:1216 Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T) 1196:1219 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 83 theme Vibrio 1196:1201 arg1 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 84 theme C1 1157:1158 arg1 Identity 1134:1141 Average Nucleotide Identity 1115:1141 Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) 1115:1309 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 8 84 theme C1 1157:1158 arg1 Identity 1102:1109 Amino Acid Identity 1091:1109 Amino Acid Identity 1091:1109 Both Amino Acid Identity and Average Nucleotide Identity of the strain C1(T) against Vibrio ezurae HDS1-1(T), Vibrio gallicus HT2-1(T), Vibrio halioticoli IAM 14596(T), Vibrio neonatus HDD3-1(T) and Vibrio superstes G3-29(T) showed less than 95% similarity. 27262360 4 85 theme Phylogenetic 459:470 arg1 analyses 472:479 Phylogenetic analyses 459:479 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 459:519 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 3 86 theme DNA-DNA 423:429 arg1 DDH 453:455 in silico DDH 443:455 in silico DDH 443:455 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 3 86 theme DNA-DNA 423:429 arg1 similarity 431:440 in silico DNA-DNA similarity 413:440 in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH) 413:456 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 0 87 theme ishigakensis 7:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Vibrio ishigakensis sp 0:21 Vibrio ishigakensis sp. 0:22 Vibrio ishigakensis sp. 27262360 5 88 theme clade 832:836 arg1 branch 810:815 an outskirt branch 798:815 an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade 798:836 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 3 89 theme sequence 384:391 arg1 MLSA 403:406 MLSA 403:406 MLSA 403:406 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 3 89 theme sequence 384:391 arg1 analysis 393:400 multilocus sequence analysis 373:400 multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) 373:407 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 3 90 theme in 413:414 arg1 DDH 453:455 in silico DDH 443:455 in silico DDH 443:455 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 3 90 theme in 413:414 arg1 similarity 431:440 in silico DNA-DNA similarity 413:440 in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH) 413:456 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 7 91 theme strains 1058:1064 arg1 % 1083:1083 47.3-49.1mol% 1071:1083 47.3-49.1mol% 1071:1083 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains were 47.3-49.1mol%. 27262360 7 91 theme strains 1058:1064 arg1 contents 1022:1029 The G+C contents 1014:1029 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains 1014:1064 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains were 47.3-49.1mol%. 27262360 1 92 theme coral 85:89 arg1 area 96:99 coral reef area 85:99 coral reef area 85:99 nov., in Halioticoli clade isolated from seawater in Okinawa coral reef area, Japan. 27262360 11 93 theme ishigakensis 1722:1733 arg1 sp 1735:1736 ishigakensis sp 1722:1736 ishigakensis sp 1722:1736 The names V. ishigakensis sp. 27262360 7 94 theme Vibrio 1038:1043 arg1 strains 1058:1064 the Vibrio ishigakensis strains 1034:1064 the Vibrio ishigakensis strains 1034:1064 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains were 47.3-49.1mol%. 27262360 4 95 theme 16S 497:499 arg1 sequences 511:519 16S rRNA gene sequences 497:519 16S rRNA gene sequences 497:519 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 10 96 theme carbon 1631:1636 arg1 compounds 1638:1646 10 carbon compounds 1628:1646 10 carbon compounds 1628:1646 Sixteen traits (growth temperature range, DNase and lipase production, indole production, and assimilation of 10 carbon compounds) distinguished these strains from Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 5 97 dep showed 772:777 arg1 formed 791:796 formed 791:796 showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade 772:836 MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the vibrios formed an outskirt branch of Halioticoli clade. 27262360 9 98 theme in 1392:1393 arg1 values 1406:1411 in silico DDH values 1392:1411 in silico DDH values 1392:1411 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 4 99 theme gene 506:509 arg1 sequences 511:519 16S rRNA gene sequences 497:519 16S rRNA gene sequences 497:519 Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates could be assigned to the genus Vibrio, however they were not allocated into any distinct cluster with known Vibrionaceae species. 27262360 9 100 theme DDH 1402:1404 arg1 values 1406:1411 in silico DDH values 1392:1411 in silico DDH values 1392:1411 The genome-based taxonomic approach by means of in silico DDH values also supports the V. ishigakensis strains being distinct from the other known Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 3 101 dep in 443:444 arg1 silico 446:451 silico 446:451 silico 446:451 These strains were characterized by an advanced polyphasic taxonomy including genome based taxonomy using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and in silico DNA-DNA similarity (in silico DDH). 27262360 6 102 from species 1005:1011 arg1 separate 968:975 separate 968:975 separate 968:975 The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed that the five strains were in the range of being defined as conspecific but separate from nine Halioticoli clade species. 27262360 7 103 theme 47.3-49.1mol 1071:1082 arg1 contents 1022:1029 The G+C contents 1014:1029 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains 1014:1064 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains were 47.3-49.1mol%. 27262360 7 103 theme 47.3-49.1mol 1071:1082 arg1 % 1083:1083 47.3-49.1mol% 1071:1083 47.3-49.1mol% 1071:1083 The G+C contents of the Vibrio ishigakensis strains were 47.3-49.1mol%. 26818686 13 0 theme strain 1686:1691 arg1 T 1698:1698 T 1698:1698 T 1698:1698 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 13 0 theme strain 1686:1691 arg1 JC22 1693:1696 strain JC22 1686:1696 strain JC22(T) 1686:1699 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 13 1 theme genetic 1616:1622 arg1 analyses 1659:1666 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses 1586:1666 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses 1586:1666 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 5 2 theme genus 695:699 arg1 Lysinibacillus 701:714 the genus Lysinibacillus 691:714 the genus Lysinibacillus 691:714 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 4 3 theme log 407:409 arg1 values 413:418 different log p values 397:418 different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5) 397:496 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 13 4 theme species 1733:1739 arg1 status 1717:1722 the status 1713:1722 the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp 1713:1811 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 4 5 theme log 439:441 arg1 acetophenone 425:436 acetophenone 425:436 acetophenone (log P = 1.5) 425:450 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 4 5 theme log 439:441 arg1 P = 1.5 443:449 log P = 1.5 439:449 log P = 1.5 439:449 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 13 6 theme Lysinibacillus 1788:1801 arg1 sp 1810:1811 the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp 1779:1811 the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp 1779:1811 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 2 7 dep Gram-staining-positive 68:89 arg1 endospore-forming 194:210 endospore-forming 194:210 endospore-forming 194:210 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 2 7 dep Gram-staining-positive 68:89 arg1 aerobic 164:170 aerobic 164:170 aerobic 164:170 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 2 7 dep Gram-staining-positive 68:89 arg1 solvent-tolerating 92:109 solvent-tolerating 92:109 solvent-tolerating 92:109 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 2 7 dep Gram-staining-positive 68:89 arg1 rod-shaped 213:222 rod-shaped 213:222 rod-shaped 213:222 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 2 7 dep Gram-staining-positive 68:89 arg1 non-motile 173:182 non-motile 173:182 non-motile 173:182 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 7 8 theme 7-8 1107:1109 arg1 pH 1101:1102 an optimal pH 1090:1102 an optimal pH of 7-8 (range 6-10) at 35-37 °C (range 25-40 °C) 1090:1151 Strain JC22(T) grew chemoorganoheterotrophically with an optimal pH of 7-8 (range 6-10) at 35-37 °C (range 25-40 °C). 26818686 5 9 theme sinduriensis 763:774 arg1 % 791:791 98.1 % 786:791 98.1 % 786:791 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 9 theme sinduriensis 763:774 arg1 T 782:782 T 782:782 T 782:782 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 9 theme sinduriensis 763:774 arg1 BLB-1 776:780 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1 748:780 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %) 748:792 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 4 10 theme log 485:487 arg1 toluene 476:482 toluene 476:482 toluene (log P = 2.5) 476:496 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 4 10 theme log 485:487 arg1 P = 2.5 489:495 log P = 2.5 485:495 log P = 2.5 485:495 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 5 11 theme Lysinibacillus 843:856 arg1 2RL3-2 872:877 Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2 843:877 Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) 843:889 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 11 theme Lysinibacillus 843:856 arg1 % 888:888 97.6 % 883:888 97.6 % 883:888 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 11 theme Lysinibacillus 843:856 arg1 T 879:879 T 879:879 T 879:879 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 13 12 theme phylogenetic 1625:1636 arg1 analyses 1659:1666 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses 1586:1666 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses 1586:1666 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 15 13 theme T 1917:1917 arg1 T 1932:1932 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 15 13 theme T 1917:1917 arg1 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 13 14 theme genus 1748:1752 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1754:1767 the genus Lysinibacillus 1744:1767 the genus Lysinibacillus 1744:1767 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 4 15 theme different 397:405 arg1 values 413:418 different log p values 397:418 different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5) 397:496 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 6 16 theme JC22 976:979 arg1 relatedness 954:964 The DNA-DNA relatedness 942:964 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species 942:1023 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. 26818686 6 16 theme JC22 976:979 arg1 % 1033:1033 <30 % 1029:1033 <30 % 1029:1033 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. 26818686 6 17 with relatedness 954:964 arg1 strains 998:1004 the type strains 989:1004 the type strains of closest species 989:1023 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. 26818686 12 18 contain contained 1455:1463 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1465:1486 diphosphatidylglycerol 1465:1486 diphosphatidylglycerol 1465:1486 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. 26818686 12 18 contain contained 1455:1463 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 1511:1534 phosphatidylethanolamine 1511:1534 phosphatidylethanolamine 1511:1534 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. 26818686 12 18 contain contained 1455:1463 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1489:1508 phosphatidylglycerol 1489:1508 phosphatidylglycerol 1489:1508 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. 26818686 12 18 contain contained 1455:1463 arg1 lipids 1430:1435 Polar lipids 1424:1435 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) 1424:1453 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. 26818686 12 18 contain contained 1455:1463 arg2 phospholipid 1556:1567 an unidentified phospholipid 1540:1567 an unidentified phospholipid 1540:1567 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. 26818686 8 19 theme 41.2 mol 1178:1185 arg1 content 1166:1172 The DNA G+C content 1154:1172 The DNA G+C content 1154:1172 The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. 26818686 8 19 theme 41.2 mol 1178:1185 arg1 % 1186:1186 41.2 mol% 1178:1186 41.2 mol% 1178:1186 The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. 26818686 6 20 theme strain 969:974 arg1 T 981:981 T 981:981 T 981:981 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. 26818686 6 20 theme strain 969:974 arg1 JC22 976:979 strain JC22 969:979 strain JC22(T) 969:982 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. 26818686 1 21 theme xylene 58:63 arg1 bottle 48:53 bottle 48:53 bottle 48:53 nov., isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 15 22 theme  = DSM 1919:1924 arg1 T 1932:1932 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 15 22 theme  = DSM 1919:1924 arg1 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 4 23 with solvents 383:390 arg1 values 413:418 different log p values 397:418 different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5) 397:496 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 5 24 theme sequence 626:633 arg1 analysis 635:642 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 608:642 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 608:642 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 4 25 theme p 411:411 arg1 values 413:418 different log p values 397:418 different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5) 397:496 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 9 26 theme major 1193:1197 arg1 iso-C15:0 1225:1233 iso-C15:0 1225:1233 iso-C15:0 1225:1233 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 26818686 9 26 theme major 1193:1197 arg1 acids 1214:1218 The major cellular fatty acids 1189:1218 The major cellular fatty acids 1189:1218 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 26818686 9 27 theme cellular 1199:1206 arg1 iso-C15:0 1225:1233 iso-C15:0 1225:1233 iso-C15:0 1225:1233 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 26818686 9 27 theme cellular 1199:1206 arg1 acids 1214:1218 The major cellular fatty acids 1189:1218 The major cellular fatty acids 1189:1218 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 26818686 5 28 theme chungkukjangi 858:870 arg1 2RL3-2 872:877 Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2 843:877 Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) 843:889 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 28 theme chungkukjangi 858:870 arg1 % 888:888 97.6 % 883:888 97.6 % 883:888 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 28 theme chungkukjangi 858:870 arg1 T 879:879 T 879:879 T 879:879 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 4 29 theme log 532:534 arg1 hexane 524:529 hexane 524:529 hexane (log P = 3.4) 524:543 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 4 29 theme log 532:534 arg1 P = 3.4 536:542 log P = 3.4 532:542 log P = 3.4 532:542 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 0 30 theme Lysinibacillus 0:13 arg1 xyleni 15:20 Lysinibacillus xyleni 0:20 Lysinibacillus xyleni 0:20 Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 4 31 theme log 462:464 arg1 benzene 453:459 benzene 453:459 benzene (log P = 2.0) 453:473 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 4 31 theme log 462:464 arg1 P = 2.0 466:472 log P = 2.0 462:472 log P = 2.0 462:472 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 15 32 theme T 1884:1884 arg1 T 1932:1932 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 15 32 theme T 1884:1884 arg1 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 7 33 theme optimal 1093:1099 arg1 pH 1101:1102 an optimal pH 1090:1102 an optimal pH of 7-8 (range 6-10) at 35-37 °C (range 25-40 °C) 1090:1151 Strain JC22(T) grew chemoorganoheterotrophically with an optimal pH of 7-8 (range 6-10) at 35-37 °C (range 25-40 °C). 26818686 5 34 dep Lysinibacillus 795:808 arg1 halotolerans 810:821 halotolerans 810:821 halotolerans 810:821 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 13 35 theme morphological 1586:1598 arg1 analyses 1659:1666 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses 1586:1666 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses 1586:1666 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 5 36 theme Lysinibacillus 748:761 arg1 % 791:791 98.1 % 786:791 98.1 % 786:791 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 36 theme Lysinibacillus 748:761 arg1 T 782:782 T 782:782 T 782:782 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 36 theme Lysinibacillus 748:761 arg1 BLB-1 776:780 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1 748:780 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %) 748:792 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 4 37 theme log 507:509 arg1 P = 3.2 511:517 log P = 3.2 507:517 log P = 3.2 507:517 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 4 37 theme log 507:509 arg1 xylene 499:504 xylene 499:504 xylene (log P = 3.2) 499:518 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 5 38 theme strain 645:650 arg1 T 657:657 T 657:657 T 657:657 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 38 theme strain 645:650 arg1 JC22 652:655 strain JC22 645:655 strain JC22(T) 645:658 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 39 dep Lysinibacillus 895:908 arg1 xylanilyticus 910:922 xylanilyticus 910:922 xylanilyticus 910:922 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 12 40 theme JC22 1447:1450 arg1 lipids 1430:1435 Polar lipids 1424:1435 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) 1424:1453 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. 26818686 15 41 theme  = NBRC 1902:1908 arg1 T 1932:1932 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 15 41 theme  = NBRC 1902:1908 arg1 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 2 42 theme xylene 264:269 arg1 bottle 254:259 bottle 254:259 bottle 254:259 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 7 43 from 35-37 °C 1127:1134 arg1 pH 1101:1102 an optimal pH 1090:1102 an optimal pH of 7-8 (range 6-10) at 35-37 °C (range 25-40 °C) 1090:1151 Strain JC22(T) grew chemoorganoheterotrophically with an optimal pH of 7-8 (range 6-10) at 35-37 °C (range 25-40 °C). 26818686 15 44 theme species 1851:1857 arg1 strain 1837:1842 Type strain 1832:1842 Type strain of the species 1832:1857 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 6 45 theme species 1017:1023 arg1 strains 998:1004 the type strains 989:1004 the type strains of closest species 989:1023 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. 26818686 11 46 theme Predominant 1334:1344 arg1 system 1354:1359 Predominant quinone system 1334:1359 Predominant quinone system 1334:1359 Predominant quinone system was MK-7 with moderate amounts of MK-6, MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). 26818686 6 47 theme DNA-DNA 946:952 arg1 relatedness 954:964 The DNA-DNA relatedness 942:964 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species 942:1023 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. 26818686 6 47 theme DNA-DNA 946:952 arg1 % 1033:1033 <30 % 1029:1033 <30 % 1029:1033 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. 26818686 10 48 theme peptidoglycan 1275:1287 arg1 type 1289:1292 Cell wall peptidoglycan type 1265:1292 Cell wall peptidoglycan type 1265:1292 Cell wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp). 26818686 5 49 theme 16S 612:614 arg1 analysis 635:642 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 608:642 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 608:642 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 13 50 theme name 1783:1786 arg1 sp 1810:1811 the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp 1779:1811 the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp 1779:1811 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 6 51 theme closest 1009:1015 arg1 species 1017:1023 closest species 1009:1023 closest species 1009:1023 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. 26818686 15 52 theme T 1900:1900 arg1 T 1932:1932 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 15 52 theme T 1900:1900 arg1 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 5 53 theme Lysinibacillus 795:808 arg1 % 839:839 97.8 % 834:839 97.8 % 834:839 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 53 theme Lysinibacillus 795:808 arg1 T 830:830 T 830:830 T 830:830 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 53 theme Lysinibacillus 795:808 arg1 LAM612 823:828 Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612 795:828 Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %) 795:840 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 15 54 theme Type 1832:1835 arg1 strain 1837:1842 Type strain 1832:1842 Type strain of the species 1832:1857 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 12 55 theme unidentified 1543:1554 arg1 phospholipid 1556:1567 an unidentified phospholipid 1540:1567 an unidentified phospholipid 1540:1567 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. 26818686 5 56 theme rRNA 616:619 arg1 analysis 635:642 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 608:642 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 608:642 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 2 57 theme Gram-staining-positive 68:89 arg1 bacterium 224:232 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 66:232 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 66:232 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 13 58 theme novel 1727:1731 arg1 species 1733:1739 novel species 1727:1739 novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp 1727:1811 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 12 59 theme strain 1440:1445 arg1 T 1452:1452 T 1452:1452 T 1452:1452 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. 26818686 12 59 theme strain 1440:1445 arg1 JC22 1447:1450 strain JC22 1440:1450 strain JC22(T) 1440:1453 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. 26818686 5 60 theme gene 621:624 arg1 analysis 635:642 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 608:642 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 608:642 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 13 61 theme xyleni 1803:1808 arg1 sp 1810:1811 the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp 1779:1811 the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp 1779:1811 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 12 62 theme Polar 1424:1428 arg1 lipids 1430:1435 Polar lipids 1424:1435 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) 1424:1453 Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. 26818686 9 63 theme fatty 1208:1212 arg1 iso-C15:0 1225:1233 iso-C15:0 1225:1233 iso-C15:0 1225:1233 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 26818686 9 63 theme fatty 1208:1212 arg1 acids 1214:1218 The major cellular fatty acids 1189:1218 The major cellular fatty acids 1189:1218 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 26818686 10 64 theme wall 1270:1273 arg1 type 1289:1292 Cell wall peptidoglycan type 1265:1292 Cell wall peptidoglycan type 1265:1292 Cell wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp). 26818686 5 65 theme Lysinibacillus 895:908 arg1 XDB9 924:927 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9 895:927 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %) 895:939 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 65 theme Lysinibacillus 895:908 arg1 % 938:938 97.1 % 933:938 97.1 % 933:938 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 5 65 theme Lysinibacillus 895:908 arg1 T 929:929 T 929:929 T 929:929 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). 26818686 6 66 theme type 993:996 arg1 strains 998:1004 the type strains 989:1004 the type strains of closest species 989:1023 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. 26818686 13 67 theme chemotaxonomical 1642:1657 arg1 analyses 1659:1666 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses 1586:1666 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses 1586:1666 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 4 68 theme carbon 583:588 arg1 them 570:573 them 570:573 them 570:573 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 4 68 theme carbon 583:588 arg1 sources 590:596 sole carbon sources 578:596 sole carbon sources 578:596 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 13 69 theme Lysinibacillus 1754:1767 arg1 species 1733:1739 novel species 1727:1739 novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp 1727:1811 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 8 70 theme G+C 1162:1164 arg1 content 1166:1172 The DNA G+C content 1154:1172 The DNA G+C content 1154:1172 The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. 26818686 8 70 theme G+C 1162:1164 arg1 % 1186:1186 41.2 mol% 1178:1186 41.2 mol% 1178:1186 The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. 26818686 11 71 theme quinone 1346:1352 arg1 system 1354:1359 Predominant quinone system 1334:1359 Predominant quinone system 1334:1359 Predominant quinone system was MK-7 with moderate amounts of MK-6, MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). 26818686 0 72 dep sp 22:23 arg1 xyleni 15:20 Lysinibacillus xyleni 0:20 Lysinibacillus xyleni 0:20 Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 4 73 theme sole 578:581 arg1 them 570:573 them 570:573 them 570:573 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 4 73 theme sole 578:581 arg1 sources 590:596 sole carbon sources 578:596 sole carbon sources 578:596 The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. 26818686 2 74 attach isolated 238:245 arg1 bottle 254:259 bottle 254:259 bottle 254:259 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 2 74 attach isolated 238:245 arg2 bacterium 224:232 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 66:232 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 66:232 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 8 75 theme DNA 1158:1160 arg1 content 1166:1172 The DNA G+C content 1154:1172 The DNA G+C content 1154:1172 The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. 26818686 8 75 theme DNA 1158:1160 arg1 % 1186:1186 41.2 mol% 1178:1186 41.2 mol% 1178:1186 The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. 26818686 15 76 theme  = KCTC 1886:1892 arg1 T 1932:1932 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 15 76 theme  = KCTC 1886:1892 arg1 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 13 77 theme physiological 1601:1613 arg1 analyses 1659:1666 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses 1586:1666 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses 1586:1666 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 15 78 theme = CCUG 1871:1876 arg1 T 1932:1932 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 = CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T) 1871:1933 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 15 78 theme = CCUG 1871:1876 arg1 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 JC22 1862:1865 Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)). 26818686 11 79 theme MK-6 1395:1398 arg1 amounts 1384:1390 moderate amounts 1375:1390 moderate amounts of MK-6 1375:1398 Predominant quinone system was MK-7 with moderate amounts of MK-6, MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). 26818686 11 79 theme MK-6 1395:1398 arg1 MK-6 1395:1398 MK-6 1395:1398 MK-6 1395:1398 Predominant quinone system was MK-7 with moderate amounts of MK-6, MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). 26818686 11 80 theme moderate 1375:1382 arg1 amounts 1384:1390 moderate amounts 1375:1390 moderate amounts of MK-6 1375:1398 Predominant quinone system was MK-7 with moderate amounts of MK-6, MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). 26818686 11 80 theme moderate 1375:1382 arg1 MK-6 1395:1398 MK-6 1395:1398 MK-6 1395:1398 Predominant quinone system was MK-7 with moderate amounts of MK-6, MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). 26818686 13 81 dep analyses 1659:1666 arg1 basis 1577:1581 basis 1577:1581 basis 1577:1581 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 13 81 dep analyses 1659:1666 arg1 the 1573:1575 the 1573:1575 the 1573:1575 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. 26818686 10 82 theme Cell 1265:1268 arg1 type 1289:1292 Cell wall peptidoglycan type 1265:1292 Cell wall peptidoglycan type 1265:1292 Cell wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp). 26818686 2 83 dep solvent-tolerating 92:109 arg1 acetophenone 112:123 acetophenone 112:123 acetophenone 112:123 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 2 83 dep solvent-tolerating 92:109 arg1 hexane 155:160 hexane 155:160 hexane 155:160 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 2 83 dep solvent-tolerating 92:109 arg1 xylene 144:149 xylene 144:149 xylene 144:149 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 2 83 dep solvent-tolerating 92:109 arg1 toluene 135:141 toluene 135:141 toluene 135:141 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 26818686 2 83 dep solvent-tolerating 92:109 arg1 benzene 126:132 benzene 126:132 benzene 126:132 A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. 25563923 2 0 theme % 316:316 arg1 shrimp 325:330 highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp 284:330 highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea 284:339 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 14 1 theme  = KACC 1841:1847 arg1 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)) 1831:1887 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 14 1 theme  = KACC 1841:1847 arg1 T 1885:1885  = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T) 1841:1886  = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T) 1841:1886 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 11 2 theme phylogenetic 1388:1399 arg1 inference 1401:1409 phylogenetic inference 1388:1409 phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1388:1442 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 10 3 with related 1275:1281 arg1 similarities 1350:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1327:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 % 1327:1376 Strain SJ5-4(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Nesterenkonia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 %. 25563923 3 4 theme halophilic 364:373 arg1 cocci 387:391 cocci 387:391 cocci 387:391 Cells were moderately halophilic, non-motile cocci or short rods that showed catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. 25563923 0 5 theme Garicola 0:7 arg1 nov. 24:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 0:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 0:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 10 6 theme Nesterenkonia 1307:1319 arg1 members 1286:1292 members 1286:1292 members of the genus Nesterenkonia 1286:1319 Strain SJ5-4(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Nesterenkonia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 %. 25563923 4 7 dep optimum 513:519 arg1 °C 525:526 30 °C 522:526 30 °C 522:526 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 1 8 dep saeu-jeot 54:62 arg1 traditional 65:75 traditional 65:75 traditional 65:75 nov., isolated from saeu-jeot, traditional Korean fermented shrimp. 25563923 10 9 theme sequence 1341:1348 arg1 similarities 1350:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1327:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 % 1327:1376 Strain SJ5-4(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Nesterenkonia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 %. 25563923 11 10 theme genus 1527:1531 arg1 Nesterenkonia 1533:1545 the genus Nesterenkonia 1523:1545 the genus Nesterenkonia 1523:1545 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 5 11 theme SJ5-4 664:668 arg1  0 691:692  0 691:692  0 691:692 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 11 theme SJ5-4 664:668 arg1 acids 648:652 The major cellular fatty acids 623:652 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) 623:671 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 11 theme SJ5-4 664:668 arg1 anteiso-C15  678:689 anteiso-C15  678:689 anteiso-C15  678:689 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 12 12 theme gen. 1757:1760 arg1 nov. 1762:1765 the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 1729:1765 the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 1729:1765 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 10 13 theme rRNA 1331:1334 arg1 similarities 1350:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1327:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 % 1327:1376 Strain SJ5-4(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Nesterenkonia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 %. 25563923 8 14 theme genomic 1153:1159 arg1 DNA 1161:1163 the genomic DNA 1149:1163 the genomic DNA 1149:1163 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.8 mol%. 25563923 11 15 theme strain 1456:1461 arg1 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 T 1469:1469 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 11 15 theme strain 1456:1461 arg1 SJ5-4 1463:1467 strain SJ5-4 1456:1467 strain SJ5-4(T) 1456:1470 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 7 16 theme strains 988:994 arg1 group 979:983 the exceptionally small group 955:983 the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 955:1127 Strain SJ5-4(T) belonged to the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 25563923 7 16 theme strains 988:994 arg1 strains 988:994 strains 988:994 strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 988:1127 Strain SJ5-4(T) belonged to the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 25563923 5 17 theme fatty 642:646 arg1  0 691:692  0 691:692  0 691:692 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 17 theme fatty 642:646 arg1 acids 648:652 The major cellular fatty acids 623:652 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) 623:671 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 17 theme fatty 642:646 arg1 anteiso-C15  678:689 anteiso-C15  678:689 anteiso-C15  678:689 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 4 18 dep optimum 608:614 arg1 % 619:619 6 % 617:619 6 % 617:619 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 14 19 theme type 1794:1797 arg1 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)) 1831:1887 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 14 19 theme type 1794:1797 arg1 strain 1799:1804 The type strain 1790:1804 The type strain of Garicola koreensis 1790:1826 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 12 20 theme Garicola 1738:1745 arg1 nov. 1762:1765 the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 1729:1765 the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 1729:1765 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 12 21 theme molecular 1616:1624 arg1 features 1626:1633 its phenotypic and molecular features 1597:1633 its phenotypic and molecular features 1597:1633 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 8 22 theme G+C 1134:1136 arg1 % 1177:1177 61.8 mol% 1169:1177 61.8 mol% 1169:1177 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.8 mol%. 25563923 8 22 theme G+C 1134:1136 arg1 content 1138:1144 The G+C content 1130:1144 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1130:1163 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.8 mol%. 25563923 2 23 attach isolated 208:215 arg1 seau-jeot 222:230 seau-jeot 222:230 seau-jeot 222:230 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 2 23 attach isolated 208:215 arg1 food 247:250 a traditional food 233:250 a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea 233:339 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 2 23 attach isolated 208:215 arg2 bacterium 165:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 102:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 102:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 4 24 located observed 491:498 arg1 optimum 513:519 optimum 513:519 optimum 513:519 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 4 24 located observed 491:498 arg2 Growth 461:466 Growth 461:466 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) 461:485 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 4 24 located observed 491:498 arg1 °C 509:510 15-40 °C 503:510 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) 503:527 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 1 25 theme saeu-jeot 54:62 arg1 shrimp 94:99 saeu-jeot, traditional Korean fermented shrimp 54:99 saeu-jeot, traditional Korean fermented shrimp 54:99 nov., isolated from saeu-jeot, traditional Korean fermented shrimp. 25563923 7 26 theme 2,4-diaminobutyric 1105:1122 arg1 acid 1124:1127 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1105:1127 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1105:1127 Strain SJ5-4(T) belonged to the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 25563923 5 27 dep  0 691:692 arg1  0 721:722  0 721:722  0 721:722 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 27 dep  0 691:692 arg1  0 734:735  0 734:735  0 734:735 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 27 dep  0 691:692 arg1 C16  741:744 C16  741:744 C16  741:744 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 27 dep  0 691:692 arg1  0 704:705  0 704:705  0 704:705 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 27 dep  0 691:692 arg1  0 746:747  0 746:747  0 746:747 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 14 28 theme  = DSM 1872:1877 arg1 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)) 1831:1887 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 14 28 theme  = DSM 1872:1877 arg1 T 1885:1885  = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T) 1841:1886  = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T) 1841:1886 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 2 29 theme shrimp 325:330 arg1 fermentation 268:279 fermentation 268:279 fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea 268:339 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 5 30 theme major 627:631 arg1  0 691:692  0 691:692  0 691:692 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 30 theme major 627:631 arg1 acids 648:652 The major cellular fatty acids 623:652 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) 623:671 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 30 theme major 627:631 arg1 anteiso-C15  678:689 anteiso-C15  678:689 anteiso-C15  678:689 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 12 31 theme phenotypic 1601:1610 arg1 features 1626:1633 its phenotypic and molecular features 1597:1633 its phenotypic and molecular features 1597:1633 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 2 32 dep Gram-staining-positive 110:131 arg1 aerobic 157:163 aerobic 157:163 aerobic 157:163 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 2 32 dep Gram-staining-positive 110:131 arg1 non-endospore-forming 134:154 non-endospore-forming 134:154 non-endospore-forming 134:154 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 5 33 dep anteiso-C15  678:689 arg1  0 691:692  0 691:692  0 691:692 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 33 dep anteiso-C15  678:689 arg1 acids 648:652 The major cellular fatty acids 623:652 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) 623:671 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 33 dep anteiso-C15  678:689 arg1 anteiso-C15  678:689 anteiso-C15  678:689 anteiso-C15  678:689 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 14 34 theme T 1870:1870 arg1 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)) 1831:1887 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 14 34 theme T 1870:1870 arg1 T 1885:1885  = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T) 1841:1886  = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T) 1841:1886 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 0 35 theme gen. 19:22 arg1 nov. 24:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 0:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 0:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 1 36 theme fermented 84:92 arg1 shrimp 94:99 saeu-jeot, traditional Korean fermented shrimp 54:99 saeu-jeot, traditional Korean fermented shrimp 54:99 nov., isolated from saeu-jeot, traditional Korean fermented shrimp. 25563923 11 37 theme rRNA 1424:1427 arg1 sequences 1434:1442 16S rRNA gene sequences 1420:1442 16S rRNA gene sequences 1420:1442 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 7 38 theme Strain 927:932 arg1 T 940:940 T 940:940 T 940:940 Strain SJ5-4(T) belonged to the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 25563923 7 38 theme Strain 927:932 arg1 SJ5-4 934:938 Strain SJ5-4 927:938 Strain SJ5-4(T) 927:941 Strain SJ5-4(T) belonged to the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 25563923 2 39 from shrimp 325:330 arg1 Korea 335:339 Korea 335:339 Korea 335:339 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 4 40 theme strain 471:476 arg1 T 484:484 T 484:484 T 484:484 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 4 40 theme strain 471:476 arg1 SJ5-4 478:482 strain SJ5-4 471:482 strain SJ5-4(T) 471:485 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 8 41 theme mol 1174:1176 arg1 content 1138:1144 The G+C content 1130:1144 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1130:1163 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.8 mol%. 25563923 8 41 theme mol 1174:1176 arg1 % 1177:1177 61.8 mol% 1169:1177 61.8 mol% 1169:1177 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.8 mol%. 25563923 11 42 theme family 1558:1563 arg1 Micrococcaceae 1565:1578 the family Micrococcaceae 1554:1578 the family Micrococcaceae 1554:1578 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 12 43 dep sp 1768:1769 arg1 nov. 1762:1765 the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 1729:1765 the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 1729:1765 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 2 44 from Korea 335:339 arg1 fermentation 268:279 fermentation 268:279 fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea 268:339 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 2 45 theme salted 291:296 arg1 shrimp 325:330 highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp 284:330 highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea 284:339 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 2 46 theme traditional 235:245 arg1 seau-jeot 222:230 seau-jeot 222:230 seau-jeot 222:230 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 2 46 theme traditional 235:245 arg1 food 247:250 a traditional food 233:250 a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea 233:339 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 14 47 theme  = JCM 1857:1862 arg1 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)) 1831:1887 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 14 47 theme  = JCM 1857:1862 arg1 T 1885:1885  = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T) 1841:1886  = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T) 1841:1886 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 2 48 theme strain 187:192 arg1 SJ5-4 194:198 strain SJ5-4 187:198 strain SJ5-4(T) 187:201 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 2 48 theme strain 187:192 arg1 T 200:200 T 200:200 T 200:200 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 12 49 theme family 1696:1701 arg1 Micrococcaceae 1703:1716 the family Micrococcaceae 1692:1716 the family Micrococcaceae 1692:1716 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 6 50 theme unidentified 873:884 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 50 theme unidentified 873:884 arg1 Phosphatidylglycerol 750:769 Phosphatidylglycerol 750:769 Phosphatidylglycerol 750:769 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 50 theme unidentified 873:884 arg1 lipid 886:890 an unidentified lipid 870:890 an unidentified lipid 870:890 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 50 theme unidentified 873:884 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 772:793 diphosphatidylglycerol 772:793 diphosphatidylglycerol 772:793 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 50 theme unidentified 873:884 arg1 lipids 919:924 the polar lipids 909:924 the polar lipids 909:924 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 50 theme unidentified 873:884 arg1 phospholipid 834:845 an unidentified phospholipid 818:845 an unidentified phospholipid 818:845 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 50 theme unidentified 873:884 arg1 glycolipids 854:864 three glycolipids 848:864 three glycolipids 848:864 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 14 51 theme T 1855:1855 arg1 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)) 1831:1887 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 14 51 theme T 1855:1855 arg1 T 1885:1885  = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T) 1841:1886  = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T) 1841:1886 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 10 52 theme genus 1301:1305 arg1 Nesterenkonia 1307:1319 the genus Nesterenkonia 1297:1319 the genus Nesterenkonia 1297:1319 Strain SJ5-4(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Nesterenkonia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 %. 25563923 10 53 theme 16S 1327:1329 arg1 similarities 1350:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1327:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 % 1327:1376 Strain SJ5-4(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Nesterenkonia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 %. 25563923 2 54 theme Gram-staining-positive 110:131 arg1 bacterium 165:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 102:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 102:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 11 55 from members 1512:1518 arg1 distinct 1498:1505 distinct 1498:1505 distinct 1498:1505 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 12 56 theme novel 1665:1669 arg1 genus 1671:1675 a novel genus 1663:1675 a novel genus 1663:1675 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 6 57 theme polar 913:917 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 57 theme polar 913:917 arg1 Phosphatidylglycerol 750:769 Phosphatidylglycerol 750:769 Phosphatidylglycerol 750:769 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 57 theme polar 913:917 arg1 lipid 886:890 an unidentified lipid 870:890 an unidentified lipid 870:890 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 57 theme polar 913:917 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 772:793 diphosphatidylglycerol 772:793 diphosphatidylglycerol 772:793 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 57 theme polar 913:917 arg1 lipids 919:924 the polar lipids 909:924 the polar lipids 909:924 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 57 theme polar 913:917 arg1 phospholipid 834:845 an unidentified phospholipid 818:845 an unidentified phospholipid 818:845 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 57 theme polar 913:917 arg1 glycolipids 854:864 three glycolipids 848:864 three glycolipids 848:864 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 14 58 theme koreensis 1818:1826 arg1 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4 1831:1835 SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)) 1831:1887 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 14 58 theme koreensis 1818:1826 arg1 strain 1799:1804 The type strain 1790:1804 The type strain of Garicola koreensis 1790:1826 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 11 59 theme distinct 1498:1505 arg1 lineage 1490:1496 a phyletic lineage 1479:1496 a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia 1479:1545 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 5 60 theme strain 657:662 arg1 T 670:670 T 670:670 T 670:670 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 60 theme strain 657:662 arg1 SJ5-4 664:668 strain SJ5-4 657:668 strain SJ5-4(T) 657:671 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 12 61 dep features 1626:1633 arg1 the 1584:1586 the 1584:1586 the 1584:1586 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 12 61 dep features 1626:1633 arg1 basis 1588:1592 basis 1588:1592 basis 1588:1592 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 11 62 theme Nesterenkonia 1533:1545 arg1 members 1512:1518 members 1512:1518 members of the genus Nesterenkonia 1512:1545 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 12 63 theme koreensis 1747:1755 arg1 nov. 1762:1765 the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 1729:1765 the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 1729:1765 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 7 64 theme small 973:977 arg1 group 979:983 the exceptionally small group 955:983 the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 955:1127 Strain SJ5-4(T) belonged to the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 25563923 7 64 theme small 973:977 arg1 strains 988:994 strains 988:994 strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 988:1127 Strain SJ5-4(T) belonged to the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 25563923 12 65 theme name 1733:1736 arg1 nov. 1762:1765 the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 1729:1765 the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 1729:1765 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 11 66 theme phyletic 1481:1488 arg1 lineage 1490:1496 a phyletic lineage 1479:1496 a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia 1479:1545 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 12 67 theme strain 1636:1641 arg1 T 1649:1649 T 1649:1649 T 1649:1649 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 12 67 theme strain 1636:1641 arg1 SJ5-4 1643:1647 strain SJ5-4 1636:1647 strain SJ5-4(T) 1636:1650 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 2 68 from fermentation 268:279 arg1 Korea 335:339 Korea 335:339 Korea 335:339 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25563923 4 69 theme NaCl 602:605 arg1 presence 577:584 the presence 573:584 the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %) 573:620 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 10 70 theme % 1376:1376 arg1 similarities 1350:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1327:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 % 1327:1376 Strain SJ5-4(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Nesterenkonia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 %. 25563923 0 71 theme koreensis 9:17 arg1 nov. 24:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 0:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 0:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 4 72 theme % 594:594 arg1 optimum 608:614 optimum 608:614 optimum 608:614 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 4 72 theme % 594:594 arg1 NaCl 602:605 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl 589:605 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %) 589:620 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 5 73 theme cellular 633:640 arg1  0 691:692  0 691:692  0 691:692 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 73 theme cellular 633:640 arg1 acids 648:652 The major cellular fatty acids 623:652 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) 623:671 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 5 73 theme cellular 633:640 arg1 anteiso-C15  678:689 anteiso-C15  678:689 anteiso-C15  678:689 The major cellular fatty acids of strain SJ5-4(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25563923 1 74 theme Korean 77:82 arg1 shrimp 94:99 saeu-jeot, traditional Korean fermented shrimp 54:99 saeu-jeot, traditional Korean fermented shrimp 54:99 nov., isolated from saeu-jeot, traditional Korean fermented shrimp. 25563923 6 75 theme unidentified 821:832 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 75 theme unidentified 821:832 arg1 Phosphatidylglycerol 750:769 Phosphatidylglycerol 750:769 Phosphatidylglycerol 750:769 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 75 theme unidentified 821:832 arg1 lipid 886:890 an unidentified lipid 870:890 an unidentified lipid 870:890 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 75 theme unidentified 821:832 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 772:793 diphosphatidylglycerol 772:793 diphosphatidylglycerol 772:793 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 75 theme unidentified 821:832 arg1 lipids 919:924 the polar lipids 909:924 the polar lipids 909:924 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 75 theme unidentified 821:832 arg1 phospholipid 834:845 an unidentified phospholipid 818:845 an unidentified phospholipid 818:845 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 6 75 theme unidentified 821:832 arg1 glycolipids 854:864 three glycolipids 848:864 three glycolipids 848:864 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, three glycolipids and an unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. 25563923 10 76 theme Strain 1242:1247 arg1 T 1255:1255 T 1255:1255 T 1255:1255 Strain SJ5-4(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Nesterenkonia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 %. 25563923 10 76 theme Strain 1242:1247 arg1 SJ5-4 1249:1253 Strain SJ5-4 1242:1253 Strain SJ5-4(T) 1242:1256 Strain SJ5-4(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Nesterenkonia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 %. 25563923 11 77 theme 16S 1420:1422 arg1 sequences 1434:1442 16S rRNA gene sequences 1420:1442 16S rRNA gene sequences 1420:1442 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 4 78 theme w/v 597:599 arg1 optimum 608:614 optimum 608:614 optimum 608:614 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 4 78 theme w/v 597:599 arg1 NaCl 602:605 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl 589:605 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %) 589:620 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 3 79 dep halophilic 364:373 arg1 non-motile 376:385 non-motile 376:385 non-motile 376:385 Cells were moderately halophilic, non-motile cocci or short rods that showed catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. 25563923 4 80 theme SJ5-4 478:482 arg1 Growth 461:466 Growth 461:466 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) 461:485 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 14 81 theme Garicola 1809:1816 arg1 koreensis 1818:1826 Garicola koreensis 1809:1826 Garicola koreensis 1809:1826 The type strain of Garicola koreensis is SJ5-4(T) ( = KACC 16909(T) = JCM 18572(T) = DSM 28238(T)). 25563923 8 82 theme DNA 1161:1163 arg1 % 1177:1177 61.8 mol% 1169:1177 61.8 mol% 1169:1177 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.8 mol%. 25563923 8 82 theme DNA 1161:1163 arg1 content 1138:1144 The G+C content 1130:1144 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1130:1163 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.8 mol%. 25563923 3 83 theme short 396:400 arg1 rods 402:405 short rods 396:405 short rods 396:405 Cells were moderately halophilic, non-motile cocci or short rods that showed catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. 25563923 0 84 dep sp 30:31 arg1 nov. 24:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 0:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov. 0:27 Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 3 85 theme oxidase-positive 433:448 arg1 reactions 450:458 catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions 419:458 catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions 419:458 Cells were moderately halophilic, non-motile cocci or short rods that showed catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. 25563923 7 86 dep peptidoglycan 1039:1051 arg1 cross-linked 1053:1064 cross-linked 1053:1064 cross-linked according to the A-type 1053:1088 Strain SJ5-4(T) belonged to the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 25563923 7 86 dep peptidoglycan 1039:1051 arg1 containing 1094:1103 containing 1094:1103 containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1094:1127 Strain SJ5-4(T) belonged to the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 25563923 11 87 theme gene 1429:1432 arg1 sequences 1434:1442 16S rRNA gene sequences 1420:1442 16S rRNA gene sequences 1420:1442 However, phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ5-4(T) formed a phyletic lineage distinct from members of the genus Nesterenkonia within the family Micrococcaceae. 25563923 3 88 theme catalase- 419:427 arg1 reactions 450:458 catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions 419:458 catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions 419:458 Cells were moderately halophilic, non-motile cocci or short rods that showed catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. 25563923 12 89 theme Micrococcaceae 1703:1716 arg1 species 1681:1687 species 1681:1687 species 1681:1687 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 12 89 theme Micrococcaceae 1703:1716 arg1 genus 1671:1675 a novel genus 1663:1675 a novel genus 1663:1675 On the basis of its phenotypic and molecular features, strain SJ5-4(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Micrococcaceae, for which the name Garicola koreensis gen. nov., sp. 25563923 9 90 theme isoprenoid 1221:1230 arg1 MK-9 1195:1198 MK-9 1195:1198 MK-9 1195:1198 MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9 were detected as the isoprenoid quinones. 25563923 9 90 theme isoprenoid 1221:1230 arg1 quinones 1232:1239 the isoprenoid quinones 1217:1239 the isoprenoid quinones 1217:1239 MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9 were detected as the isoprenoid quinones. 25563923 9 90 theme isoprenoid 1221:1230 arg1 MK-7 1180:1183 MK-7 1180:1183 MK-7 1180:1183 MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9 were detected as the isoprenoid quinones. 25563923 9 90 theme isoprenoid 1221:1230 arg1 MK-8 1186:1189 MK-8 1186:1189 MK-8 1186:1189 MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9 were detected as the isoprenoid quinones. 25563923 4 91 dep optimum 545:551 arg1 pH 554:555 pH 6.5-7.0 554:563 pH 6.5-7.0 554:563 Growth of strain SJ5-4(T) was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 1-17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %). 25563923 7 92 theme order 1007:1011 arg1 Micrococcales 1013:1025 the order Micrococcales 1003:1025 the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 1003:1127 Strain SJ5-4(T) belonged to the exceptionally small group of strains within the order Micrococcales that show a peptidoglycan cross-linked according to the A-type but containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. 25563923 10 93 theme gene 1336:1339 arg1 similarities 1350:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1327:1361 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 % 1327:1376 Strain SJ5-4(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Nesterenkonia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.1-94.8 %. 25563923 2 94 theme novel 104:108 arg1 bacterium 165:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 102:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 102:173 A novel Gram-staining-positive, non-endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SJ5-4(T), was isolated from seau-jeot, a traditional food that is made by fermentation of highly salted [approximately 25 % (w/v)] shrimp in Korea. 25213549 7 0 theme unidentified 1299:1310 arg1 aminolipid 1312:1321 an unidentified aminolipid 1296:1321 an unidentified aminolipid 1296:1321 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 10 1 theme name 1907:1910 arg1 sp 1937:1938 the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp 1903:1938 the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp 1903:1938 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 3 2 theme boseongensis 643:654 arg1 BS-R1 657:661 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1 639:661 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) 639:673 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 3 2 theme boseongensis 643:654 arg1 % 672:672 96.5 % 667:672 96.5 % 667:672 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 3 2 theme boseongensis 643:654 arg1 T 663:663 T 663:663 T 663:663 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 6 3 theme fatty 1109:1113 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1228:1240 anteiso-C15:0 1228:1240 anteiso-C15:0 1228:1240 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 3 theme fatty 1109:1113 arg1 ω6c 1157:1159 ω6c 1157:1159 ω6c 1157:1159 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 3 theme fatty 1109:1113 arg1 ω9c 1200:1202 iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl 1190:1225 ω9c 1200:1202 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 3 theme fatty 1109:1113 arg1 iso-C15:0 1140:1148 iso-C15:0 1140:1148 iso-C15:0 1140:1148 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 3 theme fatty 1109:1113 arg1 ω6c 1252:1254 C17:1 ω6c 1246:1254 C17:1 ω6c 1246:1254 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 3 theme fatty 1109:1113 arg1 iso-C16:0 1179:1187 iso-C16:0 1179:1187 iso-C16:0 1179:1187 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 3 theme fatty 1109:1113 arg1 acids 1115:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids 1083:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids 1083:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 5 4 theme T 1072:1072 arg1 probe 1075:1079 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe 1043:1079 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe 1043:1079 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 6 5 theme total 1102:1106 arg1 % 1097:1097 >5 % 1094:1097 >5 % of total 1094:1106 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 5 theme total 1102:1106 arg1 total 1102:1106 total 1102:1106 total 1102:1106 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 3 6 theme 16S 537:539 arg1 similarity 560:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 520:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %) 520:710 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 8 7 theme DNA 1552:1554 arg1 content 1560:1566 The DNA G+C content 1548:1566 The DNA G+C content 1548:1566 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.3 mol%. 25213549 8 7 theme DNA 1552:1554 arg1 % 1597:1597 42.3 mol% 1589:1597 42.3 mol% 1589:1597 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.3 mol%. 25213549 7 8 theme major 1279:1283 arg1 aminolipid 1312:1321 an unidentified aminolipid 1296:1321 an unidentified aminolipid 1296:1321 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 8 theme major 1279:1283 arg1 lipid 1343:1347 an unidentified lipid 1327:1347 an unidentified lipid 1327:1347 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 8 theme major 1279:1283 arg1 amounts 1285:1291 major amounts 1279:1291 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 3 9 theme highest 520:526 arg1 similarity 560:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 520:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %) 520:710 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 3 10 dep Algoriphagus 574:585 arg1 mannitolivorans 587:601 mannitolivorans 587:601 mannitolivorans 587:601 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 7 11 dep amounts 1285:1291 arg1 amounts 1453:1459 trace amounts 1447:1459 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 11 dep amounts 1285:1291 arg1 amounts 1359:1365 moderate amounts 1350:1365 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 11 dep amounts 1285:1291 arg1 lipid 1510:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 11 dep amounts 1285:1291 arg1 aminolipid 1435:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 11 dep amounts 1285:1291 arg1 phospholipid 1480:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 11 dep amounts 1285:1291 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 11 dep amounts 1285:1291 arg1 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 11 dep amounts 1285:1291 arg1 glycolipid 1536:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 10 12 theme taiwanensis 1925:1935 arg1 sp 1937:1938 the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp 1903:1938 the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp 1903:1938 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 10 13 theme strain 1810:1815 arg1 T 1826:1826 T 1826:1826 T 1826:1826 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 10 13 theme strain 1810:1815 arg1 CC-PR-82 1817:1824 strain CC-PR-82 1810:1824 strain CC-PR-82(T) 1810:1827 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 1 14 theme aquatilis 196:204 arg1 descriptions 118:129 emended descriptions 110:129 emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi 110:232 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 1 14 theme aquatilis 196:204 arg1 bacterium 64:72 a xylanolytic bacterium 50:72 a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater 50:103 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 1 14 theme aquatilis 196:204 arg1 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 11 15 dep nov 1941:1943 arg1 BCRC 1988:1991 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 nov. (type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746(T)) is proposed. 25213549 1 16 attach isolated 74:81 arg1 seawater 96:103 surface seawater 88:103 surface seawater 88:103 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 1 16 attach isolated 74:81 arg2 bacterium 64:72 a xylanolytic bacterium 50:72 a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater 50:103 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 3 17 theme gene 546:549 arg1 similarity 560:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 520:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %) 520:710 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 7 18 theme unidentified 1467:1478 arg1 phospholipid 1480:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 6 19 theme major 1087:1091 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1228:1240 anteiso-C15:0 1228:1240 anteiso-C15:0 1228:1240 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 19 theme major 1087:1091 arg1 ω6c 1157:1159 ω6c 1157:1159 ω6c 1157:1159 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 19 theme major 1087:1091 arg1 ω9c 1200:1202 iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl 1190:1225 ω9c 1200:1202 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 19 theme major 1087:1091 arg1 iso-C15:0 1140:1148 iso-C15:0 1140:1148 iso-C15:0 1140:1148 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 19 theme major 1087:1091 arg1 ω6c 1252:1254 C17:1 ω6c 1246:1254 C17:1 ω6c 1246:1254 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 19 theme major 1087:1091 arg1 iso-C16:0 1179:1187 iso-C16:0 1179:1187 iso-C16:0 1179:1187 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 19 theme major 1087:1091 arg1 acids 1115:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids 1083:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids 1083:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 3 20 theme IMSNU 603:607 arg1 % 624:624 97.0 % 619:624 97.0 % 619:624 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 3 20 theme IMSNU 603:607 arg1 T 615:615 T 615:615 T 615:615 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 3 20 theme IMSNU 603:607 arg1 14012 609:613 Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012 574:613 Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %) 574:710 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 3 21 theme Algoriphagus 574:585 arg1 % 624:624 97.0 % 619:624 97.0 % 619:624 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 3 21 theme Algoriphagus 574:585 arg1 T 615:615 T 615:615 T 615:615 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 3 21 theme Algoriphagus 574:585 arg1 14012 609:613 Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012 574:613 Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %) 574:710 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 1 22 theme emended 110:116 arg1 descriptions 118:129 emended descriptions 110:129 emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi 110:232 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 7 23 theme trace 1447:1451 arg1 amounts 1453:1459 trace amounts 1447:1459 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 23 theme trace 1447:1451 arg1 lipid 1510:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 23 theme trace 1447:1451 arg1 glycolipid 1536:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 23 theme trace 1447:1451 arg1 phospholipid 1480:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 3 24 theme pairwise 528:535 arg1 similarity 560:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 520:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %) 520:710 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 7 25 theme aminolipid 1435:1444 arg1 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 25 theme aminolipid 1435:1444 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 25 theme aminolipid 1435:1444 arg1 aminolipid 1435:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 25 theme aminolipid 1435:1444 arg1 amounts 1359:1365 moderate amounts 1350:1365 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 11 26 theme = 1986:1986 arg1 BCRC 1988:1991 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 nov. (type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746(T)) is proposed. 25213549 3 27 theme Algoriphapus 736:747 arg1 species 749:755 other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species 721:755 other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species 721:755 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 2 28 theme negative 255:262 arg1 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain 235:363 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 1 29 theme mannitolivorans 147:161 arg1 descriptions 118:129 emended descriptions 110:129 emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi 110:232 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 1 29 theme mannitolivorans 147:161 arg1 bacterium 64:72 a xylanolytic bacterium 50:72 a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater 50:103 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 1 29 theme mannitolivorans 147:161 arg1 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 3 30 theme 95.6-92.6  764:773 arg1 similarities 785:796 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities 764:796 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities 764:796 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 4 31 theme Algoriphagus 888:899 arg1 species 901:907 Algoriphagus species 888:907 Algoriphagus species 888:907 The novel strain further established a distinct phyletic lineage tightly associated with Algoriphagus species. 25213549 6 32 dep major 1087:1091 arg1 % 1097:1097 >5 % 1094:1097 >5 % of total 1094:1106 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 32 dep major 1087:1091 arg1 total 1102:1106 total 1102:1106 total 1102:1106 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 7 33 theme phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 arg1 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 33 theme phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 33 theme phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 arg1 aminolipid 1435:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 33 theme phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 arg1 amounts 1359:1365 moderate amounts 1350:1365 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 4 34 theme distinct 838:845 arg1 lineage 856:862 a distinct phyletic lineage 836:862 a distinct phyletic lineage tightly associated with Algoriphagus species 836:907 The novel strain further established a distinct phyletic lineage tightly associated with Algoriphagus species. 25213549 5 35 theme 15301 998:1002 arg1 T 1004:1004 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) 975:1005 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) 975:1005 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 1 36 theme xylanolytic 52:62 arg1 bacterium 64:72 a xylanolytic bacterium 50:72 a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater 50:103 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 7 37 theme glycolipid 1536:1545 arg1 amounts 1453:1459 trace amounts 1447:1459 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 37 theme glycolipid 1536:1545 arg1 lipid 1510:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 37 theme glycolipid 1536:1545 arg1 glycolipid 1536:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 37 theme glycolipid 1536:1545 arg1 phospholipid 1480:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 38 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 arg1 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 38 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 38 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 arg1 aminolipid 1435:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 38 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 arg1 amounts 1359:1365 moderate amounts 1350:1365 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 9 39 theme sole 1622:1625 arg1 quinone 1639:1645 the sole respiratory quinone 1618:1645 the sole respiratory quinone 1618:1645 Menaquinone-7 was the sole respiratory quinone. 25213549 9 39 theme sole 1622:1625 arg1 Menaquinone-7 1600:1612 Menaquinone-7 1600:1612 Menaquinone-7 1600:1612 Menaquinone-7 was the sole respiratory quinone. 25213549 3 40 theme sequence 776:783 arg1 similarities 785:796 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities 764:796 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities 764:796 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 2 41 theme Taiwan 444:449 arg1 seawater 416:423 surface seawater 408:423 surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan 408:449 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 10 42 dep distinguishing 1757:1770 arg1 addition 1745:1752 addition 1745:1752 addition 1745:1752 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 5 43 theme A. 1043:1044 arg1 probe 1075:1079 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe 1043:1079 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe 1043:1079 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 1 44 theme surface 88:94 arg1 seawater 96:103 surface seawater 88:103 surface seawater 88:103 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 7 45 theme lipid 1510:1514 arg1 amounts 1453:1459 trace amounts 1447:1459 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 45 theme lipid 1510:1514 arg1 lipid 1510:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 45 theme lipid 1510:1514 arg1 glycolipid 1536:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 45 theme lipid 1510:1514 arg1 phospholipid 1480:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 0 46 theme Algoriphagus 15:26 arg1 sp 40:41 Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp 15:41 Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp 15:41 Description of Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 5 47 theme DSM 1062:1064 arg1 probe 1075:1079 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe 1043:1079 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe 1043:1079 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 7 48 theme moderate 1350:1357 arg1 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 phosphatidylserine 1396:1413 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 48 theme moderate 1350:1357 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 phosphatidylethanolamine 1370:1393 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 48 theme moderate 1350:1357 arg1 aminolipid 1435:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 48 theme moderate 1350:1357 arg1 amounts 1359:1365 moderate amounts 1350:1365 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 11 49 theme 19755 1977:1981 arg1 BCRC 1988:1991 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 nov. (type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746(T)) is proposed. 25213549 2 50 theme surface 408:414 arg1 seawater 416:423 surface seawater 408:423 surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan 408:449 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 0 51 theme sp 40:41 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 0:42 Description of Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 7 52 theme lipid 1343:1347 arg1 aminolipid 1312:1321 an unidentified aminolipid 1296:1321 an unidentified aminolipid 1296:1321 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 52 theme lipid 1343:1347 arg1 lipid 1343:1347 an unidentified lipid 1327:1347 an unidentified lipid 1327:1347 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 52 theme lipid 1343:1347 arg1 amounts 1285:1291 major amounts 1279:1291 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 11 53 theme = 1971:1971 arg1 BCRC 1988:1991 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 nov. (type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746(T)) is proposed. 25213549 6 54 theme C16:0 1211:1215 arg1 10-methyl 1217:1225 iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl 1190:1225 10-methyl 1217:1225 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 5 55 theme reciprocal 1026:1035 arg1 % 1024:1024 33.4 % reciprocal 1019:1035 33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe 1019:1079 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 2 56 theme bacterial 348:356 arg1 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain 235:363 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 12 57 dep species 2057:2063 arg1 mannitolivorans 2068:2082 A. mannitolivorans 2065:2082 A. mannitolivorans 2065:2082 In addition, emended descriptions of the species A. mannitolivorans, A. aquatilis, A. olei and A. ratkowskyi are also proposed. 25213549 12 57 dep species 2057:2063 arg1 aquatilis 2088:2096 A. aquatilis 2085:2096 A. aquatilis 2085:2096 In addition, emended descriptions of the species A. mannitolivorans, A. aquatilis, A. olei and A. ratkowskyi are also proposed. 25213549 12 57 dep species 2057:2063 arg1 olei 2102:2105 A. olei 2099:2105 A. olei 2099:2105 In addition, emended descriptions of the species A. mannitolivorans, A. aquatilis, A. olei and A. ratkowskyi are also proposed. 25213549 12 57 dep species 2057:2063 arg1 ratkowskyi 2114:2123 A. ratkowskyi 2111:2123 A. ratkowskyi 2111:2123 In addition, emended descriptions of the species A. mannitolivorans, A. aquatilis, A. olei and A. ratkowskyi are also proposed. 25213549 7 58 theme aminolipid 1312:1321 arg1 aminolipid 1312:1321 an unidentified aminolipid 1296:1321 an unidentified aminolipid 1296:1321 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 58 theme aminolipid 1312:1321 arg1 lipid 1343:1347 an unidentified lipid 1327:1347 an unidentified lipid 1327:1347 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 58 theme aminolipid 1312:1321 arg1 amounts 1285:1291 major amounts 1279:1291 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 10 59 theme Algoriphagus 1879:1890 arg1 species 1858:1864 a novel species 1850:1864 a novel species 1850:1864 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 6 60 theme C17:1 1246:1250 arg1 ω6c 1252:1254 C17:1 ω6c 1246:1254 C17:1 ω6c 1246:1254 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 60 theme C17:1 1246:1250 arg1 acids 1115:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids 1083:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids 1083:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 5 61 theme DNA-DNA 914:920 arg1 hybridization 922:934 The DNA-DNA hybridization 910:934 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) 910:1005 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 10 62 theme Algoriphagus 1912:1923 arg1 sp 1937:1938 the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp 1903:1938 the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp 1903:1938 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 5 63 dep A. 975:976 arg1 mannitolivorans 978:992 mannitolivorans 978:992 mannitolivorans 978:992 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 11 64 theme T 1983:1983 arg1 BCRC 1988:1991 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 nov. (type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746(T)) is proposed. 25213549 2 65 theme rod-shaped 291:300 arg1 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain 235:363 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 2 66 theme non-spore-forming 318:334 arg1 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain 235:363 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 10 67 theme phylogenetic 1772:1783 arg1 features 1800:1807 phylogenetic and phenotypic features 1772:1807 phylogenetic and phenotypic features 1772:1807 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 2 68 theme oval 283:286 arg1 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain 235:363 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 1 69 theme olei 177:180 arg1 descriptions 118:129 emended descriptions 110:129 emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi 110:232 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 1 69 theme olei 177:180 arg1 bacterium 64:72 a xylanolytic bacterium 50:72 a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater 50:103 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 1 69 theme olei 177:180 arg1 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 7 70 theme Polar 1257:1261 arg1 lipids 1263:1268 Polar lipids 1257:1268 Polar lipids 1257:1268 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 2 71 dep negative 255:262 arg1 aerobic 274:280 aerobic 274:280 aerobic 274:280 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 3 72 theme sequence 551:558 arg1 similarity 560:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 520:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %) 520:710 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 8 73 theme G+C 1556:1558 arg1 content 1560:1566 The DNA G+C content 1548:1566 The DNA G+C content 1548:1566 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.3 mol%. 25213549 8 73 theme G+C 1556:1558 arg1 % 1597:1597 42.3 mol% 1589:1597 42.3 mol% 1589:1597 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.3 mol%. 25213549 12 74 theme emended 2029:2035 arg1 descriptions 2037:2048 emended descriptions 2029:2048 emended descriptions of the species A. mannitolivorans, A. aquatilis, A. olei and A. ratkowskyi 2029:2123 In addition, emended descriptions of the species A. mannitolivorans, A. aquatilis, A. olei and A. ratkowskyi are also proposed. 25213549 7 75 theme phospholipid 1480:1491 arg1 amounts 1453:1459 trace amounts 1447:1459 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1279:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 75 theme phospholipid 1480:1491 arg1 lipid 1510:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 75 theme phospholipid 1480:1491 arg1 glycolipid 1536:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 7 75 theme phospholipid 1480:1491 arg1 phospholipid 1480:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 an unidentified phospholipid 1464:1491 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 2 76 theme red-pigmented 303:315 arg1 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain 235:363 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 4 77 theme novel 803:807 arg1 strain 809:814 The novel strain 799:814 The novel strain 799:814 The novel strain further established a distinct phyletic lineage tightly associated with Algoriphagus species. 25213549 10 78 theme phenotypic 1789:1798 arg1 features 1800:1807 phylogenetic and phenotypic features 1772:1807 phylogenetic and phenotypic features 1772:1807 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 5 79 theme A. 975:976 arg1 T 1004:1004 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) 975:1005 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) 975:1005 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 1 80 theme ratkowskyi 223:232 arg1 descriptions 118:129 emended descriptions 110:129 emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi 110:232 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 1 80 theme ratkowskyi 223:232 arg1 bacterium 64:72 a xylanolytic bacterium 50:72 a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater 50:103 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 1 80 theme ratkowskyi 223:232 arg1 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov. 44:47 nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of Algoriphagus mannitolivorans, Algoriphagus olei, Algoriphagus aquatilis and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi. 25213549 5 81 theme DSM 994:996 arg1 T 1004:1004 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) 975:1005 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) 975:1005 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 2 82 theme novel 237:241 arg1 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain 235:363 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 8 83 theme 42.3 mol 1589:1596 arg1 content 1560:1566 The DNA G+C content 1548:1566 The DNA G+C content 1548:1566 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.3 mol%. 25213549 8 83 theme 42.3 mol 1589:1596 arg1 % 1597:1597 42.3 mol% 1589:1597 42.3 mol% 1589:1597 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.3 mol%. 25213549 3 84 dep shared 513:518 arg1 whereas 713:719 whereas 713:719 whereas 713:719 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 7 85 theme unidentified 1330:1341 arg1 lipid 1343:1347 an unidentified lipid 1327:1347 an unidentified lipid 1327:1347 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 3 86 theme rRNA 541:544 arg1 similarity 560:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 520:569 highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %) 520:710 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 7 87 theme unidentified 1422:1433 arg1 aminolipid 1435:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 an unidentified aminolipid 1419:1444 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 12 88 theme species 2057:2063 arg1 descriptions 2037:2048 emended descriptions 2029:2048 emended descriptions of the species A. mannitolivorans, A. aquatilis, A. olei and A. ratkowskyi 2029:2123 In addition, emended descriptions of the species A. mannitolivorans, A. aquatilis, A. olei and A. ratkowskyi are also proposed. 25213549 10 89 theme polyphasic 1661:1670 arg1 characteristics 1672:1686 the polyphasic characteristics 1657:1686 the polyphasic characteristics 1657:1686 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 6 90 theme iso-C17:1 1190:1198 arg1 ω9c 1200:1202 iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl 1190:1225 ω9c 1200:1202 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 6 90 theme iso-C17:1 1190:1198 arg1 acids 1115:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids 1083:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids 1083:1119 The major (>5 % of total) fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl, anteiso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. 25213549 3 91 theme % 774:774 arg1 similarities 785:796 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities 764:796 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities 764:796 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 2 92 theme polyphasic 473:482 arg1 taxonomy 484:491 polyphasic taxonomy 473:491 polyphasic taxonomy 473:491 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 5 93 dep A. 1043:1044 arg1 mannitolivorans 1046:1060 mannitolivorans 1046:1060 mannitolivorans 1046:1060 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 3 94 theme other 721:725 arg1 species 749:755 other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species 721:755 other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species 721:755 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 10 95 theme novel 1852:1856 arg1 species 1858:1864 a novel species 1850:1864 a novel species 1850:1864 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 4 96 theme phyletic 847:854 arg1 lineage 856:862 a distinct phyletic lineage 836:862 a distinct phyletic lineage tightly associated with Algoriphagus species 836:907 The novel strain further established a distinct phyletic lineage tightly associated with Algoriphagus species. 25213549 7 97 theme unidentified 1523:1534 arg1 glycolipid 1536:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 an unidentified glycolipid 1520:1545 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 5 98 dep % 1016:1016 arg1 % 1024:1024 33.4 % reciprocal 1019:1035 33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe 1019:1079 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 0 99 theme taiwanensis 28:38 arg1 sp 40:41 Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp 15:41 Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp 15:41 Description of Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 5 100 theme 15301 1066:1070 arg1 probe 1075:1079 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe 1043:1079 A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe 1043:1079 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 5 101 theme hybridization 922:934 arg1 value 936:940 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 910:940 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) 910:1005 The DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between CC-PR-82(T) and A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) was 29.0 % (33.4 % reciprocal using A. mannitolivorans DSM 15301(T) probe). 25213549 7 102 theme unidentified 1497:1508 arg1 lipid 1510:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 an unidentified lipid 1494:1514 Polar lipids included major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified aminolipid; trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 25213549 11 103 dep BCRC 1988:1991 arg1 T 1999:1999 T 1999:1999 T 1999:1999 nov. (type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746(T)) is proposed. 25213549 9 104 theme respiratory 1627:1637 arg1 quinone 1639:1645 the sole respiratory quinone 1618:1645 the sole respiratory quinone 1618:1645 Menaquinone-7 was the sole respiratory quinone. 25213549 9 104 theme respiratory 1627:1637 arg1 Menaquinone-7 1600:1612 Menaquinone-7 1600:1612 Menaquinone-7 1600:1612 Menaquinone-7 was the sole respiratory quinone. 25213549 11 105 theme JCM 1973:1975 arg1 BCRC 1988:1991 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746 1947:1997 nov. (type strain CC-PR-82(T) = JCM 19755(T) = BCRC 80746(T)) is proposed. 25213549 10 106 theme Algoriphagus 1720:1731 arg1 species 1733:1739 Algoriphagus species 1720:1739 Algoriphagus species 1720:1739 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 3 107 theme Strain 494:499 arg1 T 510:510 T 510:510 T 510:510 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 3 107 theme Strain 494:499 arg1 CC-PR-82 501:508 Strain CC-PR-82 494:508 Strain CC-PR-82(T) 494:511 Strain CC-PR-82(T) shared highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus mannitolivorans IMSNU 14012(T) (97.0 %) followed by 'A. boseongensis' BS-R1(T) (96.5 %) and A. olei CC-Hsuan-617(T) (95.6 %), whereas other (n = 26) Algoriphapus species shared 95.6-92.6 % sequence similarities. 25213549 2 108 attach isolated 394:401 arg1 seawater 416:423 surface seawater 408:423 surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan 408:449 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 2 108 attach isolated 394:401 arg2 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain 235:363 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 10 109 with line 1701:1704 arg1 those 1711:1715 those 1711:1715 those 1711:1715 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 25213549 2 110 theme xylanolytic 336:346 arg1 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain 235:363 strain 358:363 A novel, Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, oval or rod-shaped, red-pigmented, non-spore-forming xylanolytic bacterial strain, designated CC-PR-82(T), was isolated from surface seawater of Pingtung coast, Taiwan, and characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. 25213549 10 111 theme genus 1873:1877 arg1 Algoriphagus 1879:1890 the genus Algoriphagus 1869:1890 the genus Algoriphagus 1869:1890 Based on the polyphasic characteristics, that are in line with those of Algoriphagus species, in addition to distinguishing phylogenetic and phenotypic features, strain CC-PR-82(T) appears to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taiwanensis sp. 24332552 6 0 theme Immunohistochemical 881:899 arg1 detection 901:909 Immunohistochemical detection 881:909 Immunohistochemical detection of TGF-β3 and betaglycan 881:934 Immunohistochemical detection of TGF-β3 and betaglycan was performed. 24332552 1 1 theme process 284:290 arg1 severity 261:268 severity 261:268 severity 261:268 BACKGROUND Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. 24332552 1 1 theme process 284:290 arg1 composition 245:255 adhesion composition 236:255 adhesion composition 236:255 BACKGROUND Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. 24332552 8 2 theme membrane-bound 1140:1153 arg1 adhesions 1179:1187 7-d adhesions 1175:1187 7-d adhesions 1175:1187 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 8 2 theme membrane-bound 1140:1153 arg1 form 1155:1158 the membrane-bound form 1136:1158 the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions) 1136:1188 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 7 3 from spots 1054:1058 arg1 cells 1037:1041 TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells 1004:1041 TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots 1004:1058 RESULTS Injury to the omentum led to mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots. 24332552 7 3 from spots 1054:1058 arg1 mobilization 988:999 mobilization 988:999 mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots 988:1058 RESULTS Injury to the omentum led to mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots. 24332552 9 4 with concurrent 1328:1337 arg1 presence 1348:1355 the presence 1344:1355 the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan 1344:1392 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 10 5 theme damaged 1661:1667 arg1 repair 1677:1682 the damaged omentum repair 1657:1682 the damaged omentum repair 1657:1682 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum contain inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan, playing a role in the damaged omentum repair. 24332552 5 6 theme messenger 822:830 arg1 RNA 832:834 TGF-β3 messenger RNA 815:834 TGF-β3 messenger RNA 815:834 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 8 7 theme TGF-β1-positive 1230:1244 arg1 areas 1246:1250 TGF-β1-positive areas 1230:1250 TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions) 1230:1291 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 10 8 theme positive 1594:1601 arg1 cells 1588:1592 inflammatory/immune cells 1568:1592 inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan 1568:1636 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum contain inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan, playing a role in the damaged omentum repair. 24332552 2 9 theme transforming 327:338 arg1 TGF 355:357 TGF 355:357 TGF 355:357 Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model. 24332552 2 9 theme transforming 327:338 arg1 factor 347:352 transforming growth factor 327:352 transforming growth factor (TGF) 327:358 Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model. 24332552 1 10 theme individual 212:221 arg1 variation 223:231 considerable individual variation 199:231 considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process 199:290 BACKGROUND Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. 24332552 10 11 theme inflammatory/immune 1568:1586 arg1 cells 1588:1592 inflammatory/immune cells 1568:1592 inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan 1568:1636 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum contain inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan, playing a role in the damaged omentum repair. 24332552 11 12 theme tissue 1770:1775 arg1 regeneration 1777:1788 adipose tissue regeneration 1762:1788 adipose tissue regeneration 1762:1788 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 5 13 dep TGF-β3 717:722 arg1 reaction 793:800 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 754:800 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 754:800 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 5 13 dep TGF-β3 717:722 arg1 blotting 744:751 Western blotting 736:751 Western blotting 736:751 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 11 14 theme local 1863:1867 arg1 repair 1875:1880 the local wound repair 1859:1880 the local wound repair response 1859:1889 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 7 15 from mobilization 988:999 arg1 spots 1054:1058 milky spots 1048:1058 milky spots 1048:1058 RESULTS Injury to the omentum led to mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots. 24332552 5 16 theme Tissue 682:687 arg1 specimens 689:697 Tissue specimens 682:697 Tissue specimens 682:697 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 3 17 theme polypropylene 554:566 arg1 mesh 568:571 a polypropylene mesh 552:571 a polypropylene mesh 552:571 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 8 18 theme soluble 1199:1205 arg1 betaglycan 1207:1216 soluble betaglycan 1199:1216 soluble betaglycan 1199:1216 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 8 19 theme 3-d 1278:1280 arg1 adhesions 1282:1290 3-d adhesions 1278:1290 3-d adhesions 1278:1290 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 8 19 theme 3-d 1278:1280 arg1 fibrosis 1268:1275 limited fibrosis 1260:1275 limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions) 1260:1291 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 11 20 theme profibrotic 1798:1808 arg1 role 1810:1813 the profibrotic role 1794:1813 the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 1794:1823 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 7 21 theme cells 1037:1041 arg1 mobilization 988:999 mobilization 988:999 mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots 988:1058 RESULTS Injury to the omentum led to mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots. 24332552 1 22 from variation 223:231 arg1 severity 261:268 severity 261:268 severity 261:268 BACKGROUND Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. 24332552 1 22 from variation 223:231 arg1 composition 245:255 adhesion composition 236:255 adhesion composition 236:255 BACKGROUND Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. 24332552 11 23 theme TGF-β3 1730:1735 arg1 role 1810:1813 the profibrotic role 1794:1813 the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 1794:1823 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 11 23 theme TGF-β3 1730:1735 arg1 contribution 1714:1725 the contribution 1710:1725 the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration 1710:1788 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 3 24 theme parietal 580:587 arg1 peritoneum 589:598 the parietal peritoneum 576:598 the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits 576:627 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 9 25 theme consistency 1483:1493 arg1 zones 1466:1470 zones 1466:1470 zones of fibrous consistency 1466:1493 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 4 26 theme nonoperated 643:653 arg1 animals 655:661 nonoperated animals 643:661 nonoperated animals 643:661 Omentum from nonoperated animals served as control. 24332552 11 27 theme soluble 1946:1952 arg1 form 1972:1975 its soluble or membrane-bound form 1942:1975 its soluble or membrane-bound form 1942:1975 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 5 28 theme expression 848:857 arg1 ratios 859:864 TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios 815:864 TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios 815:864 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 0 29 from Involvement 0:10 arg1 cytoarchitecture 67:82 the cytoarchitecture 63:82 the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions 63:117 Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions. 24332552 1 30 theme BACKGROUND 120:129 arg1 Adhesions 131:139 BACKGROUND Adhesions 120:139 BACKGROUND Adhesions 120:139 BACKGROUND Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. 24332552 11 31 theme tissue 1740:1745 arg1 repair 1747:1752 tissue repair 1740:1752 tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration 1740:1788 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 0 32 theme omental 101:107 arg1 adhesions 109:117 postoperative omental adhesions 87:117 postoperative omental adhesions 87:117 Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions. 24332552 9 33 theme elevated 1298:1305 arg1 expression 1307:1316 The elevated expression 1294:1316 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan 1294:1392 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 2 34 theme rabbit 438:443 arg1 model 445:449 an adhesiogenic rabbit model 422:449 an adhesiogenic rabbit model 422:449 Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model. 24332552 9 35 located observed 1398:1405 arg2 expression 1307:1316 The elevated expression 1294:1316 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan 1294:1392 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 9 35 located observed 1398:1405 arg1 zones 1410:1414 zones 1410:1414 zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions) 1410:1455 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 11 36 theme wound 1869:1873 arg1 repair 1875:1880 the local wound repair 1859:1880 the local wound repair response 1859:1889 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 5 37 theme chain 787:791 arg1 reaction 793:800 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 754:800 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 754:800 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 5 37 theme chain 787:791 arg1 blotting 744:751 Western blotting 736:751 Western blotting 736:751 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 0 38 theme transforming 15:26 arg1 factor-β3 35:43 transforming growth factor-β3 15:43 transforming growth factor-β3 15:43 Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions. 24332552 9 39 theme concurrent 1328:1337 arg1 TGF-β3 1321:1326 TGF-β3 1321:1326 TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan 1321:1392 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 8 40 theme Fibrous 1061:1067 arg1 zones 1069:1073 Fibrous zones 1061:1073 Fibrous zones in adhesions 1061:1086 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 10 41 contain contain 1560:1566 arg1 spots 1539:1543 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots 1521:1543 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum 1521:1558 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum contain inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan, playing a role in the damaged omentum repair. 24332552 10 41 contain contain 1560:1566 arg2 cells 1588:1592 inflammatory/immune cells 1568:1592 inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan 1568:1636 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum contain inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan, playing a role in the damaged omentum repair. 24332552 3 42 theme Zealand 607:613 arg1 rabbits 621:627 New Zealand White rabbits 603:627 New Zealand White rabbits 603:627 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 9 43 theme adipose 1419:1425 arg1 regeneration 1427:1438 adipose regeneration 1419:1438 adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions) 1419:1455 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 9 43 theme adipose 1419:1425 arg1 adhesions 1446:1454 14-d adhesions 1441:1454 14-d adhesions 1441:1454 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 0 44 theme factor-β3 35:43 arg1 Involvement 0:10 Involvement 0:10 Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions. 0:118 Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions. 24332552 10 45 from spots 1539:1543 arg1 omentum 1552:1558 the omentum 1548:1558 the omentum 1548:1558 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum contain inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan, playing a role in the damaged omentum repair. 24332552 5 46 theme reverse 754:760 arg1 reaction 793:800 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 754:800 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 754:800 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 5 46 theme reverse 754:760 arg1 blotting 744:751 Western blotting 736:751 Western blotting 736:751 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 10 47 theme omentum 1669:1675 arg1 repair 1677:1682 the damaged omentum repair 1657:1682 the damaged omentum repair 1657:1682 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum contain inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan, playing a role in the damaged omentum repair. 24332552 9 48 theme form 1375:1378 arg1 presence 1348:1355 the presence 1344:1355 the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan 1344:1392 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 3 49 dep d 524:524 arg1 implantation 536:547 the implantation 532:547 the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits 532:627 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 9 50 theme regeneration 1427:1438 arg1 zones 1410:1414 zones 1410:1414 zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions) 1410:1455 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 9 51 theme betaglycan 1383:1392 arg1 form 1375:1378 membrane-bound form 1360:1378 membrane-bound form of betaglycan 1360:1392 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 10 52 theme CONCLUSIONS 1521:1531 arg1 spots 1539:1543 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots 1521:1543 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum 1521:1558 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum contain inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan, playing a role in the damaged omentum repair. 24332552 4 53 from animals 655:661 arg1 Omentum 630:636 Omentum 630:636 Omentum from nonoperated animals 630:661 Omentum from nonoperated animals served as control. 24332552 1 54 theme repair 277:282 arg1 process 284:290 the repair process 273:290 the repair process 273:290 BACKGROUND Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. 24332552 8 55 theme TGF-β1 1125:1130 arg1 presence 1113:1120 the presence 1109:1120 the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions) 1109:1188 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 3 56 from peritoneum 589:598 arg1 rabbits 621:627 New Zealand White rabbits 603:627 New Zealand White rabbits 603:627 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 1 57 theme considerable 199:210 arg1 variation 223:231 considerable individual variation 199:231 considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process 199:290 BACKGROUND Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. 24332552 5 58 theme TGF-β3 815:820 arg1 RNA 832:834 TGF-β3 messenger RNA 815:834 TGF-β3 messenger RNA 815:834 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 8 59 theme form 1155:1158 arg1 presence 1113:1120 the presence 1109:1120 the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions) 1109:1188 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 2 60 theme growth 340:345 arg1 TGF 355:357 TGF 355:357 TGF 355:357 Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model. 24332552 2 60 theme growth 340:345 arg1 factor 347:352 transforming growth factor 327:352 transforming growth factor (TGF) 327:358 Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model. 24332552 5 61 theme RNA 832:834 arg1 ratios 859:864 TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios 815:864 TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios 815:864 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 8 62 theme betaglycan 1163:1172 arg1 TGF-β1 1125:1130 TGF-β1 1125:1130 TGF-β1 1125:1130 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 8 62 theme betaglycan 1163:1172 arg1 adhesions 1179:1187 7-d adhesions 1175:1187 7-d adhesions 1175:1187 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 8 62 theme betaglycan 1163:1172 arg1 form 1155:1158 the membrane-bound form 1136:1158 the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions) 1136:1188 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 0 63 theme betaglycan 49:58 arg1 Involvement 0:10 Involvement 0:10 Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions. 0:118 Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions. 24332552 8 64 theme 7-d 1175:1177 arg1 adhesions 1179:1187 7-d adhesions 1175:1187 7-d adhesions 1175:1187 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 8 64 theme 7-d 1175:1177 arg1 form 1155:1158 the membrane-bound form 1136:1158 the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions) 1136:1188 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 11 65 from expression 1914:1923 arg1 form 1972:1975 its soluble or membrane-bound form 1942:1975 its soluble or membrane-bound form 1942:1975 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 11 66 theme betaglycan 1928:1937 arg1 expression 1914:1923 the expression 1910:1923 the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form 1910:1975 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 9 67 theme 14-d 1441:1444 arg1 regeneration 1427:1438 adipose regeneration 1419:1438 adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions) 1419:1455 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 9 67 theme 14-d 1441:1444 arg1 adhesions 1446:1454 14-d adhesions 1441:1454 14-d adhesions 1441:1454 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 1 68 theme adhesion 236:243 arg1 composition 245:255 adhesion composition 236:255 adhesion composition 236:255 BACKGROUND Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. 24332552 6 69 theme betaglycan 925:934 arg1 detection 901:909 Immunohistochemical detection 881:909 Immunohistochemical detection of TGF-β3 and betaglycan 881:934 Immunohistochemical detection of TGF-β3 and betaglycan was performed. 24332552 8 70 theme limited 1260:1266 arg1 adhesions 1282:1290 3-d adhesions 1278:1290 3-d adhesions 1278:1290 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 8 70 theme limited 1260:1266 arg1 fibrosis 1268:1275 limited fibrosis 1260:1275 limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions) 1260:1291 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 11 71 theme TGF-β1 1818:1823 arg1 role 1810:1813 the profibrotic role 1794:1813 the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 1794:1823 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 11 71 theme TGF-β1 1818:1823 arg1 contribution 1714:1725 the contribution 1710:1725 the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration 1710:1788 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 7 72 theme betaglycan-expressing 1015:1035 arg1 cells 1037:1041 TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells 1004:1041 TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots 1004:1058 RESULTS Injury to the omentum led to mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots. 24332552 6 73 theme TGF-β3 914:919 arg1 detection 901:909 Immunohistochemical detection 881:909 Immunohistochemical detection of TGF-β3 and betaglycan 881:934 Immunohistochemical detection of TGF-β3 and betaglycan was performed. 24332552 7 74 theme TGF-β3 1004:1009 arg1 cells 1037:1041 TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells 1004:1041 TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots 1004:1058 RESULTS Injury to the omentum led to mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots. 24332552 9 75 theme fibrous 1475:1481 arg1 consistency 1483:1493 fibrous consistency 1475:1493 fibrous consistency 1475:1493 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 9 76 dep observed 1398:1405 arg1 whereas 1458:1464 whereas 1458:1464 whereas 1458:1464 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 3 77 theme mesh 568:571 arg1 implantation 536:547 the implantation 532:547 the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits 532:627 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 11 78 theme membrane-bound 1957:1970 arg1 form 1972:1975 its soluble or membrane-bound form 1942:1975 its soluble or membrane-bound form 1942:1975 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 5 79 theme protein 840:846 arg1 expression 848:857 protein expression 840:857 protein expression 840:857 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 8 80 from zones 1069:1073 arg1 adhesions 1078:1086 adhesions 1078:1086 adhesions 1078:1086 Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). 24332552 0 81 theme postoperative 87:99 arg1 adhesions 109:117 postoperative omental adhesions 87:117 postoperative omental adhesions 87:117 Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions. 24332552 1 82 theme abdominal 175:183 arg1 surgery 185:191 abdominal surgery 175:191 abdominal surgery 175:191 BACKGROUND Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. 24332552 2 83 from influence 314:322 arg1 response 386:393 this response 381:393 this response 381:393 Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model. 24332552 11 84 from effects 1848:1854 arg1 response 1882:1889 the local wound repair response 1859:1889 the local wound repair response 1859:1889 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 11 85 theme adipose 1762:1768 arg1 regeneration 1777:1788 adipose tissue regeneration 1762:1788 adipose tissue regeneration 1762:1788 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 0 86 theme adhesions 109:117 arg1 cytoarchitecture 67:82 the cytoarchitecture 63:82 the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions 63:117 Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions. 24332552 7 87 theme RESULTS 951:957 arg1 Injury 959:964 RESULTS Injury 951:964 RESULTS Injury to the omentum 951:979 RESULTS Injury to the omentum led to mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots. 24332552 2 88 theme factor 347:352 arg1 influence 314:322 the influence 310:322 the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response 310:393 Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model. 24332552 5 89 theme transcription-polymerase 762:785 arg1 reaction 793:800 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 754:800 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 754:800 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 5 89 theme transcription-polymerase 762:785 arg1 blotting 744:751 Western blotting 736:751 Western blotting 736:751 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 2 90 theme adhesiogenic 425:436 arg1 model 445:449 an adhesiogenic rabbit model 422:449 an adhesiogenic rabbit model 422:449 Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model. 24332552 2 91 dep factor 347:352 arg1 -β3 359:361 -β3 359:361 -β3 359:361 Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model. 24332552 3 92 from implantation 536:547 arg1 peritoneum 589:598 the parietal peritoneum 576:598 the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits 576:627 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 11 93 theme repair 1875:1880 arg1 response 1882:1889 the local wound repair response 1859:1889 the local wound repair response 1859:1889 Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form. 24332552 0 94 theme growth 28:33 arg1 factor-β3 35:43 transforming growth factor-β3 15:43 transforming growth factor-β3 15:43 Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions. 24332552 9 95 theme TGF-β3 1321:1326 arg1 expression 1307:1316 The elevated expression 1294:1316 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan 1294:1392 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 3 96 theme New 603:605 arg1 rabbits 621:627 New Zealand White rabbits 603:627 New Zealand White rabbits 603:627 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 5 97 theme Western 736:742 arg1 reaction 793:800 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 754:800 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 754:800 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 5 97 theme Western 736:742 arg1 blotting 744:751 Western blotting 736:751 Western blotting 736:751 Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. 24332552 7 98 theme milky 1048:1052 arg1 spots 1054:1058 milky spots 1048:1058 milky spots 1048:1058 RESULTS Injury to the omentum led to mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots. 24332552 9 99 theme membrane-bound 1360:1373 arg1 form 1375:1378 membrane-bound form 1360:1378 membrane-bound form of betaglycan 1360:1392 The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3. 24332552 3 100 theme White 615:619 arg1 rabbits 621:627 New Zealand White rabbits 603:627 New Zealand White rabbits 603:627 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 3 101 theme Omental 474:480 arg1 adhesions 482:490 Omental adhesions 474:490 Omental adhesions 474:490 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 3 102 dep MATERIALS 452:460 arg1 adhesions 482:490 Omental adhesions 474:490 Omental adhesions 474:490 MATERIALS AND METHODS Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. 24332552 10 103 theme Milky 1533:1537 arg1 spots 1539:1543 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots 1521:1543 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum 1521:1558 CONCLUSIONS Milky spots on the omentum contain inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan, playing a role in the damaged omentum repair. 24332552 2 104 theme betaglycan 367:376 arg1 influence 314:322 the influence 310:322 the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response 310:393 Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model. 28917972 7 0 dep pinaster 1033:1040 arg1 activities 1091:1100 activities 1091:1100 activities 1091:1100 CONCLUSION Experimental studies shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities support the traditional use of the plant, and suggest it could have a place in modern medicine. 28917972 2 1 dep Pine 467:470 arg1 Pinus 473:477 Pinus 473:477 Pinus 473:477 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 7 2 theme Experimental 998:1009 arg1 studies 1011:1017 Experimental studies 998:1017 Experimental studies 998:1017 CONCLUSION Experimental studies shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities support the traditional use of the plant, and suggest it could have a place in modern medicine. 28917972 0 3 dep pine 123:126 arg1 Pinus 129:133 Pinus 129:133 Pinus 129:133 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 2 4 theme pinaster 479:486 arg1 Ait 488:490 pinaster Ait 479:490 Pinus pinaster Ait. 473:491 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 5 5 theme highest 749:755 arg1 activities 757:766 the highest activities 745:766 the highest activities 745:766 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 2 6 from MATERIAL 331:338 arg1 study 360:364 this study 355:364 this study 355:364 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 0 7 theme phytochemical 85:97 arg1 composition 99:109 the phytochemical composition 81:109 the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait) 81:147 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 0 8 from Research 0:7 arg1 activities 66:75 anti-inflammatory activities 48:75 anti-inflammatory activities 48:75 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 0 8 from Research 0:7 arg1 antioxidant 16:26 antioxidant 16:26 antioxidant 16:26 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 0 8 from Research 0:7 arg1 healing 35:41 wound healing 29:41 wound healing 29:41 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 2 9 dep Pinus 473:477 arg1 Ait 488:490 pinaster Ait 479:490 Pinus pinaster Ait. 473:491 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 1 10 theme rheumatic 268:276 arg1 pain 278:281 rheumatic pain 268:281 rheumatic pain 268:281 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. 28917972 6 11 theme essential 933:941 arg1 oil 943:945 the essential oil 929:945 the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster 929:984 α-Pinene was the main constituent of the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster. 28917972 2 12 from METHODS 344:350 arg1 study 360:364 this study 355:364 this study 355:364 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 7 13 dep CONCLUSION 987:996 arg1 shown 1019:1023 shown 1019:1023 shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities 1019:1100 CONCLUSION Experimental studies shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities support the traditional use of the plant, and suggest it could have a place in modern medicine. 28917972 5 14 theme antioxidant 871:881 arg1 effects 883:889 anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects 849:889 anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects 849:889 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 4 15 theme cone 654:657 arg1 samples 659:665 maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples 625:665 samples 659:665 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 1 16 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 150:169 arg1 investigations 196:209 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations 150:209 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations 150:209 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. 28917972 7 17 theme traditional 1114:1124 arg1 use 1126:1128 the traditional use 1110:1128 the traditional use of the plant 1110:1141 CONCLUSION Experimental studies shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities support the traditional use of the plant, and suggest it could have a place in modern medicine. 28917972 1 18 from healing 297:303 arg1 medicine 321:328 Turkish folk medicine 308:328 Turkish folk medicine 308:328 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. 28917972 4 19 theme lipophilic 594:603 arg1 extracts 584:591 extracts 584:591 extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples 584:665 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 1 20 theme RELEVANCE 171:179 arg1 investigations 196:209 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations 150:209 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations 150:209 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. 28917972 5 21 theme other 777:781 arg1 parts 783:787 other parts 777:787 other parts of the plant 777:800 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 6 22 theme oil 943:945 arg1 constituent 914:924 the main constituent 905:924 the main constituent of the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster 905:984 α-Pinene was the main constituent of the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster. 28917972 6 22 theme oil 943:945 arg1 α-Pinene 892:899 α-Pinene 892:899 α-Pinene 892:899 α-Pinene was the main constituent of the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster. 28917972 1 23 theme Ethnobotanical 181:194 arg1 investigations 196:209 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations 150:209 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations 150:209 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. 28917972 4 24 theme oil 550:552 arg1 composition 554:564 Essential oil composition 540:564 Essential oil composition 540:564 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 5 25 theme appreciable 822:832 arg1 healing 840:846 any appreciable wound healing 818:846 any appreciable wound healing 818:846 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 2 26 theme phytochemical 367:379 arg1 composition 381:391 phytochemical composition 367:391 phytochemical composition 367:391 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 2 26 theme phytochemical 367:379 arg1 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 2 27 theme healing 436:442 arg1 activities 444:453 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities 394:453 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 394:492 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 2 27 theme healing 436:442 arg1 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 4 28 theme Essential 540:548 arg1 composition 554:564 Essential oil composition 540:564 Essential oil composition 540:564 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 0 29 theme pine 123:126 arg1 Research 0:7 Research 0:7 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities 0:75 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 0 29 theme pine 123:126 arg1 composition 99:109 the phytochemical composition 81:109 the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait) 81:147 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 5 30 theme plant 796:800 arg1 parts 783:787 other parts 777:787 other parts of the plant 777:800 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 2 31 theme wound 430:434 arg1 healing 436:442 wound healing 430:442 wound healing 430:442 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 1 32 theme wound 291:295 arg1 healing 297:303 wound healing 291:303 wound healing in Turkish folk medicine 291:328 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. 28917972 0 33 theme maritime 114:121 arg1 pine 123:126 maritime pine 114:126 maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait) 114:147 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 0 34 theme wound 29:33 arg1 healing 35:41 wound healing 29:41 wound healing 29:41 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 4 35 theme pine 634:637 arg1 wood 639:642 maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples 625:665 wood 639:642 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 5 36 theme essential 696:704 arg1 oil 706:708 The essential oil 692:708 The essential oil 692:708 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 4 37 theme fresh 648:652 arg1 samples 659:665 maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples 625:665 samples 659:665 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 2 38 theme anti-inflammatory 407:423 arg1 activities 444:453 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities 394:453 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 394:492 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 2 38 theme anti-inflammatory 407:423 arg1 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 2 39 theme antioxidant 394:404 arg1 activities 444:453 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities 394:453 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 394:492 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 2 39 theme antioxidant 394:404 arg1 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 5 40 theme wound 834:838 arg1 healing 840:846 any appreciable wound healing 818:846 any appreciable wound healing 818:846 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 5 41 from oil 706:708 arg1 RESULTS 684:690 RESULTS 684:690 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster 684:734 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 6 42 theme P. 974:975 arg1 pinaster 977:984 P. pinaster 974:984 P. pinaster 974:984 α-Pinene was the main constituent of the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster. 28917972 4 43 theme maritime 625:632 arg1 wood 639:642 maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples 625:665 wood 639:642 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 2 44 theme Pine 467:470 arg1 activities 444:453 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities 394:453 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 394:492 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 2 44 theme Pine 467:470 arg1 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL 331:338 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 1 45 theme Turkish 308:314 arg1 medicine 321:328 Turkish folk medicine 308:328 Turkish folk medicine 308:328 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. 28917972 1 46 used used 255:258 arg2 species 237:243 the Pinus species 227:243 the Pinus species 227:243 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. 28917972 3 47 dep Turkey 515:520 arg1 investigated 526:537 investigated 526:537 are investigated 522:537 that is collected in Turkey are investigated. 28917972 2 48 theme Maritime 458:465 arg1 Pine 467:470 Maritime Pine 458:470 Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 458:492 MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) 28917972 1 49 theme folk 316:319 arg1 medicine 321:328 Turkish folk medicine 308:328 Turkish folk medicine 308:328 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. 28917972 0 50 theme pinaster 135:142 arg1 Ait 144:146 pinaster Ait 135:146 Pinus pinaster Ait 129:146 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 7 51 theme wound 1077:1081 arg1 healing 1083:1089 wound healing 1077:1089 wound healing 1077:1089 CONCLUSION Experimental studies shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities support the traditional use of the plant, and suggest it could have a place in modern medicine. 28917972 7 52 theme modern 1181:1186 arg1 medicine 1188:1195 modern medicine 1181:1195 modern medicine 1181:1195 CONCLUSION Experimental studies shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities support the traditional use of the plant, and suggest it could have a place in modern medicine. 28917972 7 53 theme plant 1137:1141 arg1 use 1126:1128 the traditional use 1110:1128 the traditional use of the plant 1110:1141 CONCLUSION Experimental studies shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities support the traditional use of the plant, and suggest it could have a place in modern medicine. 28917972 5 54 dep oil 706:708 arg1 cones 715:719 cones 715:719 cones of P. pinaster 715:734 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 0 55 from composition 99:109 arg1 activities 66:75 anti-inflammatory activities 48:75 anti-inflammatory activities 48:75 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 0 55 from composition 99:109 arg1 antioxidant 16:26 antioxidant 16:26 antioxidant 16:26 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 0 55 from composition 99:109 arg1 healing 35:41 wound healing 29:41 wound healing 29:41 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 5 56 theme pinaster 727:734 arg1 cones 715:719 cones 715:719 cones of P. pinaster 715:734 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 1 57 theme Pinus 231:235 arg1 species 237:243 the Pinus species 227:243 the Pinus species 227:243 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical investigations have shown that the Pinus species have been used against rheumatic pain and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. 28917972 7 58 contain have 1165:1168 arg1 it 1156:1157 it 1156:1157 it 1156:1157 CONCLUSION Experimental studies shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities support the traditional use of the plant, and suggest it could have a place in modern medicine. 28917972 7 58 contain have 1165:1168 arg2 place 1172:1176 a place 1170:1176 a place 1170:1176 CONCLUSION Experimental studies shown that P. pinaster's remarkable anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities support the traditional use of the plant, and suggest it could have a place in modern medicine. 28917972 5 59 theme anti-inflammatory 849:865 arg1 effects 883:889 anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects 849:889 anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects 849:889 RESULTS The essential oil from cones of P. pinaster revealed the highest activities, whereas other parts of the plant did not display any appreciable wound healing, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. 28917972 6 60 theme pinaster 977:984 arg1 cones 965:969 the cones 961:969 the cones of P. pinaster 961:984 α-Pinene was the main constituent of the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster. 28917972 0 61 theme anti-inflammatory 48:64 arg1 activities 66:75 anti-inflammatory activities 48:75 anti-inflammatory activities 48:75 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 0 62 dep Pinus 129:133 arg1 Ait 144:146 pinaster Ait 135:146 Pinus pinaster Ait 129:146 Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait). 28917972 4 63 theme wood 639:642 arg1 extracts 584:591 extracts 584:591 extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples 584:665 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 4 64 theme hydrophilic 609:619 arg1 extracts 584:591 extracts 584:591 extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples 584:665 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 4 65 theme extracts 584:591 arg1 extracts 584:591 extracts 584:591 extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples 584:665 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 4 65 theme extracts 584:591 arg1 composition 554:564 Essential oil composition 540:564 Essential oil composition 540:564 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 4 65 theme extracts 584:591 arg1 amount 574:579 the amount 570:579 the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples 570:665 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 4 66 theme samples 659:665 arg1 extracts 584:591 extracts 584:591 extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples 584:665 Essential oil composition and the amount of extracts (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of maritime pine wood and fresh cone samples had been tested. 28917972 6 67 theme main 909:912 arg1 constituent 914:924 the main constituent 905:924 the main constituent of the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster 905:984 α-Pinene was the main constituent of the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster. 28917972 6 67 theme main 909:912 arg1 α-Pinene 892:899 α-Pinene 892:899 α-Pinene 892:899 α-Pinene was the main constituent of the essential oil obtained from the cones of P. pinaster. 27280622 7 0 theme 2a 1423:1424 arg1 LPS 1426:1428 S. flexneri 2a LPS 1411:1428 S. flexneri 2a LPS 1411:1428 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 6 1 theme immunological 1278:1290 arg1 MAbs 1077:1080 These MAbs 1071:1080 These MAbs 1071:1080 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 6 1 theme immunological 1278:1290 arg1 correlates 1292:1301 immunological correlates 1278:1301 immunological correlates of immunity 1278:1313 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 7 2 theme 2b 1382:1383 arg1 isolates 1385:1392 S. flexneri 2b isolates 1370:1392 S. flexneri 2b isolates 1370:1392 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 7 3 theme flexneri 1469:1476 arg1 2b 1478:1479 S. flexneri 2b 1466:1479 S. flexneri 2b 1466:1479 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 3 4 theme multiple 537:544 arg1 serotypes 546:554 multiple serotypes 537:554 multiple serotypes 537:554 As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. 27280622 8 5 theme Shigella 1495:1502 arg1 MAbs 1517:1520 the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs 1491:1520 the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described 1491:1530 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 4 6 from 3a 751:752 arg1 LPS 702:704 the LPS 698:704 the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a 698:730 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 3 7 dep multivalent 417:427 arg1 to 414:415 to 414:415 to 414:415 As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. 27280622 4 8 from sonnei 768:773 arg1 LPS 702:704 the LPS 698:704 the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a 698:730 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 4 9 theme Shigella 759:766 arg1 sonnei 768:773 Shigella sonnei 759:773 Shigella sonnei 759:773 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 8 10 theme vaccine 1705:1711 arg1 potency 1713:1719 vaccine potency 1705:1719 vaccine potency 1705:1719 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 6 11 theme Shigella 1155:1162 arg1 assays 1175:1180 Shigella Functional assays 1155:1180 Shigella Functional assays 1155:1180 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 3 12 from serotypes 546:554 arg1 LPSs 527:530 LPSs 527:530 LPSs from multiple serotypes 527:554 As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. 27280622 3 12 from serotypes 546:554 arg1 amount 517:522 the amount 513:522 the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product 513:575 As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. 27280622 2 13 theme major 304:308 arg1 component 310:318 a major component 302:318 a major component based on protection and epidemiological data 302:363 Most Shigella vaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. 27280622 2 13 theme major 304:308 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 272:290 serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides 254:290 serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) 254:297 Most Shigella vaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. 27280622 4 14 from antigen 687:693 arg1 LPS 702:704 the LPS 698:704 the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a 698:730 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 2 15 theme epidemiological 344:358 arg1 data 360:363 epidemiological data 344:363 epidemiological data 344:363 Most Shigella vaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. 27280622 3 16 theme vaccine 369:375 arg1 formulations 377:388 vaccine formulations 369:388 vaccine formulations 369:388 As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. 27280622 7 17 theme S. 1466:1467 arg1 2b 1478:1479 S. flexneri 2b 1466:1479 S. flexneri 2b 1466:1479 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 4 18 theme enzyme-linked 836:848 arg1 iELISA 871:876 iELISA 871:876 iELISA 871:876 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 4 18 theme enzyme-linked 836:848 arg1 assay 864:868 an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 822:868 an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) 822:877 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 5 19 theme Shigella 968:975 arg1 useful 1005:1010 useful 1005:1010 useful 1005:1010 It was also demonstrated that the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs were useful for bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry. 27280622 5 19 theme Shigella 968:975 arg1 MAbs 995:998 the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs 964:998 the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs 964:998 It was also demonstrated that the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs were useful for bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry. 27280622 6 20 dep in 1195:1196 arg1 vitro 1198:1202 vitro 1198:1202 vitro 1198:1202 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 8 21 theme potential 1537:1545 arg1 utility 1547:1553 potential utility 1537:1553 potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency 1537:1719 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 4 22 theme inhibition 825:834 arg1 iELISA 871:876 iELISA 871:876 iELISA 871:876 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 4 22 theme inhibition 825:834 arg1 assay 864:868 an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 822:868 an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) 822:877 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 3 23 theme final 563:567 arg1 product 569:575 the final product 559:575 the final product 559:575 As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. 27280622 7 24 theme flexneri 1322:1329 arg1 antibody 1354:1361 flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody 1322:1361 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody 1316:1361 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 3 25 from amount 517:522 arg1 product 569:575 the final product 559:575 the final product 559:575 As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. 27280622 3 25 from amount 517:522 arg1 serotypes 546:554 multiple serotypes 537:554 multiple serotypes 537:554 As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. 27280622 4 26 theme flexneri 742:749 arg1 3a 751:752 Shigella flexneri 3a 733:752 Shigella flexneri 3a 733:752 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 1 27 theme prevalent 184:192 arg1 serotypes 194:202 the most prevalent serotypes 175:202 the most prevalent serotypes 175:202 There is a significant need for an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes. 27280622 0 28 theme Monoclonal 0:9 arg1 Antibodies 11:20 Monoclonal Antibodies 0:20 Monoclonal Antibodies to Shigella Lipopolysaccharide 0:51 Monoclonal Antibodies to Shigella Lipopolysaccharide Are Useful for Vaccine Production. 27280622 4 29 theme immunosorbent 850:862 arg1 iELISA 871:876 iELISA 871:876 iELISA 871:876 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 4 29 theme immunosorbent 850:862 arg1 assay 864:868 an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 822:868 an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) 822:877 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 8 30 theme reliable 1647:1654 arg1 control 1656:1662 a reliable control 1645:1662 a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency 1645:1719 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 4 31 theme Shigella 733:740 arg1 flexneri 742:749 Shigella flexneri 733:749 Shigella flexneri 3a 733:752 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 4 32 theme O 685:685 arg1 antigen 687:693 the O antigen 681:693 the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a 681:730 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 0 33 theme Shigella 25:32 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 34:51 Shigella Lipopolysaccharide 25:51 Shigella Lipopolysaccharide 25:51 Monoclonal Antibodies to Shigella Lipopolysaccharide Are Useful for Vaccine Production. 27280622 7 34 theme S. 1411:1412 arg1 2a 1423:1424 S. flexneri 2a 1411:1424 S. flexneri 2a LPS 1411:1428 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 6 35 theme bactericidal 1204:1215 arg1 assay 1217:1221 the in vitro bactericidal assay 1191:1221 the in vitro bactericidal assay 1191:1221 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 1 36 theme significant 99:109 arg1 need 111:114 a significant need 97:114 a significant need for an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes 97:202 There is a significant need for an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes. 27280622 5 37 theme bacterial 1016:1024 arg1 staining 1034:1041 bacterial surface staining 1016:1041 bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry 1016:1068 It was also demonstrated that the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs were useful for bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry. 27280622 6 38 theme serum 1120:1124 arg1 SBA 1146:1148 SBA 1146:1148 SBA 1146:1148 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 6 38 theme serum 1120:1124 arg1 assay 1139:1143 the serum bactericidal assay 1116:1143 the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) 1116:1149 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 8 39 theme vaccine 1562:1568 arg1 development 1570:1580 the vaccine development community 1558:1590 the vaccine development community 1558:1590 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 7 40 theme flexneri 1414:1421 arg1 2a 1423:1424 S. flexneri 2a 1411:1424 S. flexneri 2a LPS 1411:1428 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 4 41 used used 778:781 arg2 We 775:776 We 775:776 We 775:776 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 4 42 theme Shigella 711:718 arg1 2a 729:730 Shigella flexneri 2a 711:730 Shigella flexneri 2a 711:730 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 2 43 theme serotype-specific 254:270 arg1 component 310:318 a major component 302:318 a major component based on protection and epidemiological data 302:363 Most Shigella vaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. 27280622 2 43 theme serotype-specific 254:270 arg1 LPSs 293:296 LPSs 293:296 LPSs 293:296 Most Shigella vaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. 27280622 2 43 theme serotype-specific 254:270 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 272:290 serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides 254:290 serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) 254:297 Most Shigella vaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. 27280622 7 44 dep antibody 1354:1361 arg1 S. 1319:1320 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody 1316:1361 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody 1316:1361 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 6 45 theme vaccine 1242:1248 arg1 evaluation 1250:1259 vaccine evaluation 1242:1259 vaccine evaluation 1242:1259 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 4 46 theme monoclonal 796:805 arg1 antibodies 807:816 six of these monoclonal antibodies 783:816 six of these monoclonal antibodies 783:816 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 7 47 theme flexneri 1373:1380 arg1 isolates 1385:1392 S. flexneri 2b isolates 1370:1392 S. flexneri 2b isolates 1370:1392 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 4 48 link enzyme-linked 836:848 arg1 iELISA 871:876 iELISA 871:876 iELISA 871:876 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 4 48 link enzyme-linked 836:848 arg1 assay 864:868 an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 822:868 an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) 822:877 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 8 49 theme multivalent 1606:1616 arg1 composition 1626:1636 multivalent vaccine composition 1606:1636 multivalent vaccine composition 1606:1636 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 6 50 theme immunity 1306:1313 arg1 MAbs 1077:1080 These MAbs 1071:1080 These MAbs 1071:1080 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 6 50 theme immunity 1306:1313 arg1 correlates 1292:1301 immunological correlates 1278:1301 immunological correlates of immunity 1278:1313 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 5 51 theme flow 1055:1058 arg1 cytometry 1060:1068 flow cytometry 1055:1068 flow cytometry 1055:1068 It was also demonstrated that the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs were useful for bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry. 27280622 7 52 theme S. 1370:1371 arg1 isolates 1385:1392 S. flexneri 2b isolates 1370:1392 S. flexneri 2b isolates 1370:1392 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 4 53 theme flexneri 720:727 arg1 2a 729:730 Shigella flexneri 2a 711:730 Shigella flexneri 2a 711:730 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 8 54 contain have 1532:1535 arg2 utility 1547:1553 potential utility 1537:1553 potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency 1537:1719 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 8 54 contain have 1532:1535 arg1 MAbs 1517:1520 the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs 1491:1520 the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described 1491:1530 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 4 55 with LPSs 890:893 arg1 specificity 921:931 specificity 921:931 specificity 921:931 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 4 55 with LPSs 890:893 arg1 sensitivity 905:915 high sensitivity 900:915 high sensitivity 900:915 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 4 56 dep antibodies 655:664 arg1 used 778:781 used 778:781 used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) 778:877 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 3 57 theme LPSs 527:530 arg1 LPSs 527:530 LPSs 527:530 LPSs from multiple serotypes 527:554 As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. 27280622 3 57 theme LPSs 527:530 arg1 amount 517:522 the amount 513:522 the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product 513:575 As vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of LPSs from multiple serotypes in the final product. 27280622 8 58 theme multiple 1668:1675 arg1 immunoassays 1677:1688 multiple immunoassays 1668:1688 multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency 1668:1719 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 7 59 theme monoclonal 1343:1352 arg1 antibody 1354:1361 flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody 1322:1361 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody 1316:1361 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 4 60 theme high 900:903 arg1 sensitivity 905:915 high sensitivity 900:915 high sensitivity 900:915 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 2 61 theme Shigella 210:217 arg1 vaccines 219:226 Most Shigella vaccines 205:226 Most Shigella vaccines under development 205:244 Most Shigella vaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. 27280622 5 62 theme surface 1026:1032 arg1 staining 1034:1041 bacterial surface staining 1016:1041 bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry 1016:1068 It was also demonstrated that the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs were useful for bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry. 27280622 1 63 theme effective 123:131 arg1 vaccine 154:160 an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine 120:160 an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes 120:202 There is a significant need for an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes. 27280622 4 64 from 2a 729:730 arg1 LPS 702:704 the LPS 698:704 the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a 698:730 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 8 65 theme vaccine 1618:1624 arg1 composition 1626:1636 multivalent vaccine composition 1606:1636 multivalent vaccine composition 1606:1636 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 5 66 theme serotype-specific 977:993 arg1 useful 1005:1010 useful 1005:1010 useful 1005:1010 It was also demonstrated that the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs were useful for bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry. 27280622 5 66 theme serotype-specific 977:993 arg1 MAbs 995:998 the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs 964:998 the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs 964:998 It was also demonstrated that the Shigella serotype-specific MAbs were useful for bacterial surface staining detected by flow cytometry. 27280622 2 67 theme Most 205:208 arg1 vaccines 219:226 Most Shigella vaccines 205:226 Most Shigella vaccines under development 205:244 Most Shigella vaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. 27280622 6 68 theme in 1195:1196 arg1 assay 1217:1221 the in vitro bactericidal assay 1191:1221 the in vitro bactericidal assay 1191:1221 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 1 69 theme multivalent 133:143 arg1 vaccine 154:160 an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine 120:160 an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes 120:202 There is a significant need for an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes. 27280622 6 70 theme bactericidal 1126:1137 arg1 SBA 1146:1148 SBA 1146:1148 SBA 1146:1148 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 6 70 theme bactericidal 1126:1137 arg1 assay 1139:1143 the serum bactericidal assay 1116:1143 the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) 1116:1149 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 8 71 theme LPS-specific 1504:1515 arg1 MAbs 1517:1520 the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs 1491:1520 the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described 1491:1530 Overall, the Shigella LPS-specific MAbs described have potential utility to the vaccine development community for assessing multivalent vaccine composition and as a reliable control for multiple immunoassays used to assess vaccine potency. 27280622 7 72 theme 2a-specific 1331:1341 arg1 antibody 1354:1361 flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody 1322:1361 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody 1316:1361 An S. flexneri 2a-specific monoclonal antibody killed S. flexneri 2b isolates, suggesting that S. flexneri 2a LPS may induce cross-protection against S. flexneri 2b. 27280622 6 73 theme Functional 1164:1173 arg1 assays 1175:1180 Shigella Functional assays 1155:1180 Shigella Functional assays 1155:1180 These MAbs are also useful for standardizing the serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for Shigella Functional assays, such as the in vitro bactericidal assay, are necessary for vaccine evaluation and may serve as immunological correlates of immunity. 27280622 1 74 theme Shigella 145:152 arg1 vaccine 154:160 an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine 120:160 an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes 120:202 There is a significant need for an effective multivalent Shigella vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes. 27280622 4 75 theme monoclonal 644:653 arg1 MAbs 667:670 MAbs 667:670 MAbs 667:670 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 4 75 theme monoclonal 644:653 arg1 antibodies 655:664 monoclonal antibodies 644:664 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) 644:877 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27280622 0 76 theme Vaccine 68:74 arg1 Production 76:85 Vaccine Production 68:85 Vaccine Production 68:85 Monoclonal Antibodies to Shigella Lipopolysaccharide Are Useful for Vaccine Production. 27280622 4 77 theme of 787:788 arg1 antibodies 807:816 six of these monoclonal antibodies 783:816 six of these monoclonal antibodies 783:816 To facilitate this effort, we produced 36 hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the O antigen on the LPS from Shigella flexneri 2a, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei We used six of these monoclonal antibodies for an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), measuring LPSs with high sensitivity and specificity. 27262877 6 0 theme groups 979:984 arg1 described 942:950 described 942:950 described 942:950 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 0 theme groups 979:984 arg1 analysis 959:966 the analysis 955:966 the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 955:1086 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 3 1 theme chain 612:616 arg1 length 618:623 2-12 carbon chain length 600:623 2-12 carbon chain length 600:623 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 13 2 theme petunia 1778:1784 arg1 species 1806:1812 the petunia, tomato, and potato species 1774:1812 the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied 1774:1820 Longer chain groups were found in the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied. 27262877 3 3 theme Acyl 470:473 arg1 moieties 475:482 Acyl moieties 470:482 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato 470:528 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 1 4 from feature 120:126 arg1 Solanaceae 185:194 the botanical family Solanaceae 164:194 the botanical family Solanaceae 164:194 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 3 5 from moieties 475:482 arg1 petunia 510:516 petunia 510:516 petunia 510:516 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 3 5 from moieties 475:482 arg1 tomato 523:528 tomato 523:528 tomato 523:528 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 3 5 from moieties 475:482 arg1 spp. 504:507 Nicotiana spp. 494:507 Nicotiana spp. 494:507 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 7 6 theme Nicotiana 1108:1116 arg1 alata 1118:1122 Nicotiana alata 1108:1122 Nicotiana alata 1108:1122 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 4 7 theme phenotypic 745:754 arg1 diversity 756:764 phenotypic diversity 745:764 phenotypic diversity 745:764 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 10 8 from prominent 1544:1552 arg1 petunias 1557:1564 petunias 1557:1564 petunias 1557:1564 Straight-chain groups (2-8 carbons) were prominent in petunias, while octanoic acid was prominent in N. alata and N. × sanderae. 27262877 1 9 contain possess 270:276 arg1 chemicals 236:244 chemicals 236:244 chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties 236:331 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 1 9 contain possess 270:276 arg1 esters 223:228 sugar esters 217:228 sugar esters (SE) 217:233 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 1 9 contain possess 270:276 arg2 properties 322:331 insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties 278:331 insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties 278:331 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 1 10 theme botanical 168:176 arg1 Solanaceae 185:194 the botanical family Solanaceae 164:194 the botanical family Solanaceae 164:194 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 10 11 from petunias 1557:1564 arg1 prominent 1544:1552 prominent 1544:1552 prominent 1544:1552 Straight-chain groups (2-8 carbons) were prominent in petunias, while octanoic acid was prominent in N. alata and N. × sanderae. 27262877 7 12 theme alata 1118:1122 arg1 three 1099:1103 three 1099:1103 three 1099:1103 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 7 12 theme alata 1118:1122 arg1 alata 1118:1122 Nicotiana alata 1108:1122 Nicotiana alata 1108:1122 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 11 13 theme unexpected 1636:1645 arg1 decanoate 1683:1691 decanoate 1683:1691 decanoate 1683:1691 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 11 13 theme unexpected 1636:1645 arg1 groups 1652:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups 1632:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups 1632:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 11 13 theme unexpected 1636:1645 arg1 nonanoate 1669:1677 8-methyl nonanoate 1660:1677 8-methyl nonanoate 1660:1677 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 3 14 from petunia 510:516 arg1 moieties 475:482 Acyl moieties 470:482 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato 470:528 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 1 15 theme unique 113:118 arg1 feature 120:126 A unique feature 111:126 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae 111:194 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 6 16 theme occidentalis 1069:1080 arg1 subsp 1082:1086 Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 1059:1086 Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 1059:1086 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 13 17 theme Longer 1740:1745 arg1 groups 1753:1758 Longer chain groups 1740:1758 Longer chain groups 1740:1758 Longer chain groups were found in the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied. 27262877 1 18 theme glandular 131:139 arg1 trichomes 141:149 glandular trichomes 131:149 glandular trichomes of plants 131:159 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 2 19 theme oriental 442:449 arg1 cultivars 459:467 oriental tobacco cultivars 442:467 oriental tobacco cultivars 442:467 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) provide pest resistance, and are important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars. 27262877 8 20 theme different 1315:1323 arg1 groups 1330:1335 20 different acyl groups 1312:1335 20 different acyl groups 1312:1335 A total of 20 different acyl groups was observed that were represented differently among cultivars, species, and accessions. 27262877 0 21 theme certain 65:71 arg1 tobacco 73:79 certain tobacco 65:79 certain tobacco 65:79 Natural variability in acyl moieties of sugar esters produced by certain tobacco and other Solanaceae species. 27262877 10 22 from alata 1607:1611 arg1 prominent 1591:1599 prominent 1591:1599 prominent 1591:1599 Straight-chain groups (2-8 carbons) were prominent in petunias, while octanoic acid was prominent in N. alata and N. × sanderae. 27262877 8 23 theme groups 1330:1335 arg1 total 1303:1307 A total 1301:1307 A total of 20 different acyl groups 1301:1335 A total of 20 different acyl groups was observed that were represented differently among cultivars, species, and accessions. 27262877 11 24 located found 1698:1702 arg2 groups 1652:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups 1632:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups 1632:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 11 24 located found 1698:1702 arg2 decanoate 1683:1691 decanoate 1683:1691 decanoate 1683:1691 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 11 24 located found 1698:1702 arg1 subsp 1723:1727 N. occidentalis subsp 1707:1727 N. occidentalis subsp 1707:1727 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 11 24 located found 1698:1702 arg2 nonanoate 1669:1677 8-methyl nonanoate 1660:1677 8-methyl nonanoate 1660:1677 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 13 25 theme tomato 1787:1792 arg1 species 1806:1812 the petunia, tomato, and potato species 1774:1812 the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied 1774:1820 Longer chain groups were found in the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied. 27262877 3 26 from spp. 504:507 arg1 moieties 475:482 Acyl moieties 470:482 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato 470:528 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 1 27 theme antibacterial 308:320 arg1 properties 322:331 insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties 278:331 insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties 278:331 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 5 28 theme composition 869:879 arg1 diversity 851:859 the diversity 847:859 the diversity of acyl composition among species, cultivars, and accessions 847:920 However, information on the diversity of acyl composition among species, cultivars, and accessions is lacking. 27262877 10 29 from N. × sanderae 1617:1629 arg1 prominent 1591:1599 prominent 1591:1599 prominent 1591:1599 Straight-chain groups (2-8 carbons) were prominent in petunias, while octanoic acid was prominent in N. alata and N. × sanderae. 27262877 4 30 theme acyl 686:689 arg1 model 715:719 a model 713:719 a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments 713:820 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 4 30 theme acyl 686:689 arg1 groups 691:696 their acyl groups 680:696 their acyl groups 680:696 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 4 30 theme acyl 686:689 arg1 esters 669:674 Sugar esters 663:674 Sugar esters 663:674 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 0 31 theme Solanaceae 91:100 arg1 species 102:108 other Solanaceae species 85:108 other Solanaceae species 85:108 Natural variability in acyl moieties of sugar esters produced by certain tobacco and other Solanaceae species. 27262877 11 32 theme occidentalis 1710:1721 arg1 subsp 1723:1727 N. occidentalis subsp 1707:1727 N. occidentalis subsp 1707:1727 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 0 33 theme Natural 0:6 arg1 variability 8:18 Natural variability 0:18 Natural variability in acyl moieties of sugar esters 0:51 Natural variability in acyl moieties of sugar esters produced by certain tobacco and other Solanaceae species. 27262877 7 34 dep hesperis 1089:1096 arg1 potato 1240:1245 a primitive potato 1228:1245 a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) 1228:1267 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 7 34 dep hesperis 1089:1096 arg1 tomato 1273:1278 tomato 1273:1278 tomato (Solanum pennellii) 1273:1298 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 7 34 dep hesperis 1089:1096 arg1 each 1220:1223 each 1220:1223 each 1220:1223 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 4 35 theme Sugar 663:667 arg1 model 715:719 a model 713:719 a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments 713:820 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 4 35 theme Sugar 663:667 arg1 groups 691:696 their acyl groups 680:696 their acyl groups 680:696 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 4 35 theme Sugar 663:667 arg1 esters 669:674 Sugar esters 663:674 Sugar esters 663:674 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 10 36 theme octanoic 1573:1580 arg1 acid 1582:1585 octanoic acid 1573:1585 octanoic acid 1573:1585 Straight-chain groups (2-8 carbons) were prominent in petunias, while octanoic acid was prominent in N. alata and N. × sanderae. 27262877 3 37 theme isomer 582:587 arg1 structure 589:597 isomer structure 582:597 isomer structure 582:597 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 10 38 theme Straight-chain 1503:1516 arg1 groups 1518:1523 Straight-chain groups 1503:1523 Straight-chain groups (2-8 carbons) 1503:1537 Straight-chain groups (2-8 carbons) were prominent in petunias, while octanoic acid was prominent in N. alata and N. × sanderae. 27262877 10 38 theme Straight-chain 1503:1516 arg1 carbons 1530:1536 2-8 carbons 1526:1536 2-8 carbons 1526:1536 Straight-chain groups (2-8 carbons) were prominent in petunias, while octanoic acid was prominent in N. alata and N. × sanderae. 27262877 2 39 theme flavor 421:426 arg1 precursors 428:437 important flavor precursors 411:437 important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars 411:467 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) provide pest resistance, and are important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars. 27262877 7 40 theme modern 1154:1159 arg1 cultivars 1169:1177 four modern tobacco cultivars 1149:1177 four modern tobacco cultivars 1149:1177 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 2 41 theme important 411:419 arg1 precursors 428:437 important flavor precursors 411:437 important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars 411:467 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) provide pest resistance, and are important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars. 27262877 0 42 theme sugar 40:44 arg1 esters 46:51 sugar esters 40:51 sugar esters 40:51 Natural variability in acyl moieties of sugar esters produced by certain tobacco and other Solanaceae species. 27262877 3 43 theme carbon 605:610 arg1 length 618:623 2-12 carbon chain length 600:623 2-12 carbon chain length 600:623 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 11 44 theme 8-methyl 1660:1667 arg1 groups 1652:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups 1632:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups 1632:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 11 44 theme 8-methyl 1660:1667 arg1 nonanoate 1669:1677 8-methyl nonanoate 1660:1677 8-methyl nonanoate 1660:1677 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 7 45 theme N. 1132:1133 arg1 occidentalis 1135:1146 N. occidentalis 1132:1146 N. occidentalis 1132:1146 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 13 46 theme potato 1799:1804 arg1 species 1806:1812 the petunia, tomato, and potato species 1774:1812 the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied 1774:1820 Longer chain groups were found in the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied. 27262877 2 47 theme Sugar 334:338 arg1 esters 340:345 Sugar esters 334:345 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) 334:376 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) provide pest resistance, and are important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars. 27262877 1 48 theme sugar 217:221 arg1 SE 231:232 SE 231:232 SE 231:232 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 1 48 theme sugar 217:221 arg1 chemicals 236:244 chemicals 236:244 chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties 236:331 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 1 48 theme sugar 217:221 arg1 esters 223:228 sugar esters 217:228 sugar esters (SE) 217:233 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 9 49 theme iso- 1460:1463 arg1 acids 1486:1490 iso- and anteiso-branched acids 1460:1490 iso- and anteiso-branched acids 1460:1490 In Nicotiana species, acetate and iso- and anteiso-branched acids prevailed. 27262877 4 50 theme diversity 756:764 arg1 basis 736:740 the basis 732:740 the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments 732:820 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 6 51 theme acyl 974:977 arg1 groups 979:984 SE acyl groups 971:984 SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 971:1086 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 3 52 theme Nicotiana 494:502 arg1 spp. 504:507 Nicotiana spp. 494:507 Nicotiana spp. 494:507 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 4 53 theme adaptation 770:779 arg1 basis 736:740 the basis 732:740 the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments 732:820 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 6 54 theme Nicotiana 1012:1020 arg1 obtusifolia 1022:1032 Nicotiana obtusifolia 1012:1032 Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco) 1012:1049 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 54 theme Nicotiana 1012:1020 arg1 tobacco 1042:1048 desert tobacco 1035:1048 desert tobacco 1035:1048 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 3 55 theme SEs 487:489 arg1 moieties 475:482 Acyl moieties 470:482 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato 470:528 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 1 56 theme plants 154:159 arg1 trichomes 141:149 glandular trichomes 131:149 glandular trichomes of plants 131:159 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 6 57 theme desert 1035:1040 arg1 obtusifolia 1022:1032 Nicotiana obtusifolia 1012:1032 Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco) 1012:1049 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 57 theme desert 1035:1040 arg1 tobacco 1042:1048 desert tobacco 1035:1048 desert tobacco 1035:1048 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 1 58 theme family 178:183 arg1 Solanaceae 185:194 the botanical family Solanaceae 164:194 the botanical family Solanaceae 164:194 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 6 59 located found 986:990 arg1 subsp 1082:1086 Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 1059:1086 Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 1059:1086 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 59 located found 986:990 arg1 accessions 998:1007 21 accessions 995:1007 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco) 995:1049 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 59 located found 986:990 arg1 six 1052:1054 six 1052:1054 six 1052:1054 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 59 located found 986:990 arg2 groups 979:984 SE acyl groups 971:984 SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 971:1086 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 60 theme obtusifolia 1022:1032 arg1 subsp 1082:1086 Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 1059:1086 Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 1059:1086 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 60 theme obtusifolia 1022:1032 arg1 accessions 998:1007 21 accessions 995:1007 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco) 995:1049 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 60 theme obtusifolia 1022:1032 arg1 six 1052:1054 six 1052:1054 six 1052:1054 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 7 61 theme primitive 1230:1238 arg1 potato 1240:1245 a primitive potato 1228:1245 a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) 1228:1267 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 4 62 theme natural 784:790 arg1 environments 809:820 natural and agricultural environments 784:820 natural and agricultural environments 784:820 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 11 63 theme acyl 1647:1650 arg1 decanoate 1683:1691 decanoate 1683:1691 decanoate 1683:1691 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 11 63 theme acyl 1647:1650 arg1 groups 1652:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups 1632:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups 1632:1657 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 11 63 theme acyl 1647:1650 arg1 nonanoate 1669:1677 8-methyl nonanoate 1660:1677 8-methyl nonanoate 1660:1677 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 27262877 7 64 dep tomato 1273:1278 arg1 pennellii 1289:1297 Solanum pennellii 1281:1297 Solanum pennellii 1281:1297 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 4 65 theme agricultural 796:807 arg1 environments 809:820 natural and agricultural environments 784:820 natural and agricultural environments 784:820 Sugar esters and their acyl groups could serve as a model to explore the basis of phenotypic diversity and adaptation to natural and agricultural environments. 27262877 6 66 theme subsp 1082:1086 arg1 subsp 1082:1086 Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 1059:1086 Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 1059:1086 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 66 theme subsp 1082:1086 arg1 accessions 998:1007 21 accessions 995:1007 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco) 995:1049 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 6 66 theme subsp 1082:1086 arg1 six 1052:1054 six 1052:1054 six 1052:1054 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 13 67 theme chain 1747:1751 arg1 groups 1753:1758 Longer chain groups 1740:1758 Longer chain groups 1740:1758 Longer chain groups were found in the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied. 27262877 7 68 dep potato 1240:1245 arg1 berthaultii 1256:1266 Solanum berthaultii 1248:1266 Solanum berthaultii 1248:1266 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 2 69 theme tobacco 451:457 arg1 cultivars 459:467 oriental tobacco cultivars 442:467 oriental tobacco cultivars 442:467 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) provide pest resistance, and are important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars. 27262877 8 70 theme acyl 1325:1328 arg1 groups 1330:1335 20 different acyl groups 1312:1335 20 different acyl groups 1312:1335 A total of 20 different acyl groups was observed that were represented differently among cultivars, species, and accessions. 27262877 6 71 theme Nicotiana 1059:1067 arg1 subsp 1082:1086 Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 1059:1086 Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 1059:1086 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 3 72 from SEs 487:489 arg1 petunia 510:516 petunia 510:516 petunia 510:516 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 3 72 from SEs 487:489 arg1 tomato 523:528 tomato 523:528 tomato 523:528 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 3 72 from SEs 487:489 arg1 spp. 504:507 Nicotiana spp. 494:507 Nicotiana spp. 494:507 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 1 73 theme antifungal 292:301 arg1 properties 322:331 insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties 278:331 insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties 278:331 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 1 74 theme trichomes 141:149 arg1 feature 120:126 A unique feature 111:126 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae 111:194 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 10 75 from prominent 1591:1599 arg1 N. × sanderae 1617:1629 N. × sanderae 1617:1629 N. × sanderae 1617:1629 Straight-chain groups (2-8 carbons) were prominent in petunias, while octanoic acid was prominent in N. alata and N. × sanderae. 27262877 10 75 from prominent 1591:1599 arg1 alata 1607:1611 alata 1607:1611 alata 1607:1611 Straight-chain groups (2-8 carbons) were prominent in petunias, while octanoic acid was prominent in N. alata and N. × sanderae. 27262877 13 76 located found 1765:1769 arg1 species 1806:1812 the petunia, tomato, and potato species 1774:1812 the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied 1774:1820 Longer chain groups were found in the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied. 27262877 13 76 located found 1765:1769 arg2 groups 1753:1758 Longer chain groups 1740:1758 Longer chain groups 1740:1758 Longer chain groups were found in the petunia, tomato, and potato species studied. 27262877 0 77 from variability 8:18 arg1 moieties 28:35 acyl moieties 23:35 acyl moieties of sugar esters 23:51 Natural variability in acyl moieties of sugar esters produced by certain tobacco and other Solanaceae species. 27262877 0 78 theme other 85:89 arg1 species 102:108 other Solanaceae species 85:108 other Solanaceae species 85:108 Natural variability in acyl moieties of sugar esters produced by certain tobacco and other Solanaceae species. 27262877 5 79 theme acyl 864:867 arg1 composition 869:879 acyl composition 864:879 acyl composition 864:879 However, information on the diversity of acyl composition among species, cultivars, and accessions is lacking. 27262877 7 80 theme petunia 1185:1191 arg1 hybrids 1193:1199 five petunia hybrids 1180:1199 five petunia hybrids 1180:1199 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 2 81 from precursors 428:437 arg1 cultivars 459:467 oriental tobacco cultivars 442:467 oriental tobacco cultivars 442:467 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) provide pest resistance, and are important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars. 27262877 2 82 theme tobacco 350:356 arg1 esters 340:345 Sugar esters 334:345 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) 334:376 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) provide pest resistance, and are important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars. 27262877 9 83 theme anteiso-branched 1469:1484 arg1 acids 1486:1490 iso- and anteiso-branched acids 1460:1490 iso- and anteiso-branched acids 1460:1490 In Nicotiana species, acetate and iso- and anteiso-branched acids prevailed. 27262877 5 84 from information 832:842 arg1 diversity 851:859 the diversity 847:859 the diversity of acyl composition among species, cultivars, and accessions 847:920 However, information on the diversity of acyl composition among species, cultivars, and accessions is lacking. 27262877 3 85 from tomato 523:528 arg1 moieties 475:482 Acyl moieties 470:482 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato 470:528 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 0 86 theme acyl 23:26 arg1 moieties 28:35 acyl moieties 23:35 acyl moieties of sugar esters 23:51 Natural variability in acyl moieties of sugar esters produced by certain tobacco and other Solanaceae species. 27262877 7 87 theme tobacco 1161:1167 arg1 cultivars 1169:1177 four modern tobacco cultivars 1149:1177 four modern tobacco cultivars 1149:1177 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 2 88 theme pest 386:389 arg1 resistance 391:400 pest resistance 386:400 pest resistance 386:400 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) provide pest resistance, and are important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars. 27262877 6 89 theme SE 971:972 arg1 groups 979:984 SE acyl groups 971:984 SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp 971:1086 Herein, described is the analysis of SE acyl groups found in 21 accessions of Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco), six of Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. 27262877 3 90 theme carbon 564:569 arg1 length 571:576 carbon length 564:576 carbon length 564:576 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 2 91 theme Nicotiana 359:367 arg1 tobacco 350:356 tobacco 350:356 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) 350:376 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) provide pest resistance, and are important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars. 27262877 2 91 theme Nicotiana 359:367 arg1 tabacum 369:375 Nicotiana tabacum 359:375 Nicotiana tabacum 359:375 Sugar esters of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) provide pest resistance, and are important flavor precursors in oriental tobacco cultivars. 27262877 0 92 theme esters 46:51 arg1 moieties 28:35 acyl moieties 23:35 acyl moieties of sugar esters 23:51 Natural variability in acyl moieties of sugar esters produced by certain tobacco and other Solanaceae species. 27262877 9 93 theme Nicotiana 1429:1437 arg1 species 1439:1445 Nicotiana species 1429:1445 Nicotiana species 1429:1445 In Nicotiana species, acetate and iso- and anteiso-branched acids prevailed. 27262877 7 94 theme occidentalis 1135:1146 arg1 two 1125:1127 two 1125:1127 two 1125:1127 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 7 94 theme occidentalis 1135:1146 arg1 occidentalis 1135:1146 N. occidentalis 1132:1146 N. occidentalis 1132:1146 hesperis, three of Nicotiana alata, two of N. occidentalis, four modern tobacco cultivars, five petunia hybrids, and one accession each of a primitive potato (Solanum berthaultii) and tomato (Solanum pennellii). 27262877 1 95 theme insecticidal 278:289 arg1 properties 322:331 insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties 278:331 insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties 278:331 A unique feature of glandular trichomes of plants in the botanical family Solanaceae is that they produce sugar esters (SE), chemicals that have been shown to possess insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. 27262877 3 96 dep length 571:576 arg1 iso- 636:639 iso- 636:639 iso- 636:639 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 3 96 dep length 571:576 arg1 straight-chain 646:659 straight-chain 646:659 straight-chain 646:659 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 3 96 dep length 571:576 arg1 anteiso- 626:633 anteiso- 626:633 anteiso- 626:633 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 3 96 dep length 571:576 arg1 length 618:623 2-12 carbon chain length 600:623 2-12 carbon chain length 600:623 Acyl moieties of SEs in Nicotiana spp., petunia, and tomato are shown to vary with respect to carbon length and isomer structure (2-12 carbon chain length; anteiso-, iso-, and straight-chain). 27262877 11 97 theme N. 1707:1708 arg1 subsp 1723:1727 N. occidentalis subsp 1707:1727 N. occidentalis subsp 1707:1727 Two unexpected acyl groups, 8-methyl nonanoate and decanoate were found in N. occidentalis subsp. 25358510 9 0 theme main 905:908 arg1 lipids 916:921 The main polar lipids 901:921 The main polar lipids 901:921 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25358510 9 0 theme main 905:908 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 928:949 diphosphatidylglycerol 928:949 diphosphatidylglycerol 928:949 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25358510 5 1 theme closest 591:597 arg1 relatives 599:607 Their closest relatives 585:607 Their closest relatives 585:607 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 5 1 theme closest 591:597 arg1 members 618:624 the members 614:624 the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus 614:690 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 12 2 theme novel 1190:1194 arg1 species 1196:1202 a novel species 1188:1202 a novel species 1188:1202 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 7 3 theme direct 847:852 arg1 A1γ 817:819 A1γ 817:819 A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct) 817:853 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 25358510 7 3 theme direct 847:852 arg1 acid 842:845 meso-diaminopimelic acid direct 822:852 meso-diaminopimelic acid direct 822:852 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 25358510 9 4 theme polar 910:914 arg1 lipids 916:921 The main polar lipids 901:921 The main polar lipids 901:921 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25358510 9 4 theme polar 910:914 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 928:949 diphosphatidylglycerol 928:949 diphosphatidylglycerol 928:949 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25358510 14 5 theme type 1342:1345 arg1 DX-3 1357:1360 DX-3 1357:1360 DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)) 1357:1401 The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)). 25358510 14 5 theme type 1342:1345 arg1 strain 1347:1352 The type strain 1338:1352 The type strain 1338:1352 The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)). 25358510 3 6 theme 16S 331:333 arg1 sequences 345:353 16S rRNA gene sequences 331:353 16S rRNA gene sequences 331:353 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 2 7 theme Gram-staining-positive 119:140 arg1 bacteria 201:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 3 8 theme family 482:487 arg1 Bacillaceae 489:499 the family Bacillaceae 478:499 the family Bacillaceae 478:499 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 7 9 theme meso-diaminopimelic 822:840 arg1 A1γ 817:819 A1γ 817:819 A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct) 817:853 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 25358510 7 9 theme meso-diaminopimelic 822:840 arg1 acid 842:845 meso-diaminopimelic acid direct 822:852 meso-diaminopimelic acid direct 822:852 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 25358510 2 10 theme novel 113:117 arg1 bacteria 201:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 12 11 theme Compostibacillus 1283:1298 arg1 nov. 1310:1313 the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 1274:1313 the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 1274:1313 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 12 12 theme order 1246:1250 arg1 Bacillales 1252:1261 order Bacillales 1246:1261 order Bacillales 1246:1261 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 12 12 theme order 1246:1250 arg1 genus 1213:1217 a new genus 1207:1217 a new genus in the family Bacillaceae 1207:1243 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 5 13 dep members 618:624 arg1 Ornithinibacillus 640:656 Ornithinibacillus 640:656 Ornithinibacillus 640:656 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 5 13 dep members 618:624 arg1 members 618:624 the members 614:624 the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus 614:690 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 5 13 dep members 618:624 arg1 Virgibacillus 678:690 Virgibacillus 678:690 Virgibacillus 678:690 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 5 13 dep members 618:624 arg1 Oceanobacillus 659:672 Oceanobacillus 659:672 Oceanobacillus 659:672 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 12 14 theme polyphasic 1107:1116 arg1 study 1128:1132 a polyphasic taxonomic study 1105:1132 a polyphasic taxonomic study 1105:1132 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 14 15 dep DX-3 1357:1360 arg1 T 1399:1399 T 1399:1399 T 1399:1399 The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)). 25358510 14 15 dep DX-3 1357:1360 arg1 CGMCC 1385:1389  = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360 1366:1397  = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T) 1366:1400 The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)). 25358510 3 16 theme sequences 345:353 arg1 Analysis 319:326 Analysis 319:326 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 319:353 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 12 17 theme taxonomic 1118:1126 arg1 study 1128:1132 a polyphasic taxonomic study 1105:1132 a polyphasic taxonomic study 1105:1132 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 11 18 theme DNA 1054:1056 arg1 content 1062:1068 The DNA G+C content 1050:1068 The DNA G+C content 1050:1068 The DNA G+C content was 43.2-43.7 mol%. 25358510 11 18 theme DNA 1054:1056 arg1 % 1087:1087 43.2-43.7 mol% 1074:1087 43.2-43.7 mol% 1074:1087 The DNA G+C content was 43.2-43.7 mol%. 25358510 0 19 theme Compostibacillus 0:15 arg1 nov. 27:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 0:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 0:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 1 20 theme family 59:64 arg1 Bacillaceae 66:76 the family Bacillaceae 55:76 the family Bacillaceae 55:76 nov., a member of the family Bacillaceae, isolated from sludge compost. 25358510 8 21 theme isoprenoid 872:881 arg1 MK-7 895:898 MK-7 895:898 MK-7 895:898 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25358510 8 21 theme isoprenoid 872:881 arg1 quinone 883:889 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 856:889 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 856:889 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25358510 11 22 theme G+C 1058:1060 arg1 content 1062:1068 The DNA G+C content 1050:1068 The DNA G+C content 1050:1068 The DNA G+C content was 43.2-43.7 mol%. 25358510 11 22 theme G+C 1058:1060 arg1 % 1087:1087 43.2-43.7 mol% 1074:1087 43.2-43.7 mol% 1074:1087 The DNA G+C content was 43.2-43.7 mol%. 25358510 3 23 theme rRNA 335:338 arg1 sequences 345:353 16S rRNA gene sequences 331:353 16S rRNA gene sequences 331:353 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 5 24 theme genera 633:638 arg1 Ornithinibacillus 640:656 Ornithinibacillus 640:656 Ornithinibacillus 640:656 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 5 24 theme genera 633:638 arg1 relatives 599:607 Their closest relatives 585:607 Their closest relatives 585:607 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 5 24 theme genera 633:638 arg1 Virgibacillus 678:690 Virgibacillus 678:690 Virgibacillus 678:690 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 5 24 theme genera 633:638 arg1 members 618:624 the members 614:624 the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus 614:690 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 5 24 theme genera 633:638 arg1 Oceanobacillus 659:672 Oceanobacillus 659:672 Oceanobacillus 659:672 Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. 25358510 2 25 theme sludge 271:276 arg1 composts 278:285 sludge composts 271:285 sludge composts 271:285 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 8 26 theme predominant 860:870 arg1 MK-7 895:898 MK-7 895:898 MK-7 895:898 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25358510 8 26 theme predominant 860:870 arg1 quinone 883:889 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 856:889 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 856:889 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25358510 3 27 theme gene 340:343 arg1 sequences 345:353 16S rRNA gene sequences 331:353 16S rRNA gene sequences 331:353 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 2 28 theme endospore-forming 155:171 arg1 bacteria 201:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 7 29 theme peptidoglycan 794:806 arg1 type 808:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 780:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 780:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 25358510 7 29 theme peptidoglycan 794:806 arg1 A1γ 817:819 A1γ 817:819 A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct) 817:853 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 25358510 7 30 theme cell-wall 784:792 arg1 type 808:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 780:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 780:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 25358510 7 30 theme cell-wall 784:792 arg1 A1γ 817:819 A1γ 817:819 A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct) 817:853 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 25358510 3 31 theme high 432:435 arg1 similarity 437:446 extremely high similarity 422:446 extremely high similarity 422:446 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 12 32 dep strains 1149:1155 arg1 DX-3 1157:1160 DX-3 1157:1160 DX-3 1157:1160 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 12 32 dep strains 1149:1155 arg1 strains 1149:1155 strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 1149:1176 strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 1149:1176 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 12 32 dep strains 1149:1155 arg1 T 1162:1162 T 1162:1162 T 1162:1162 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 12 32 dep strains 1149:1155 arg1 GIESS002 1169:1176 GIESS002 1169:1176 GIESS002 1169:1176 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 14 33 theme KCTC 1369:1372 arg1 T 1399:1399 T 1399:1399 T 1399:1399 The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)). 25358510 14 33 theme KCTC 1369:1372 arg1 CGMCC 1385:1389  = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360 1366:1397  = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T) 1366:1400 The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)). 25358510 12 34 theme humi 1300:1303 arg1 nov. 1310:1313 the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 1274:1313 the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 1274:1313 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 1 35 theme Bacillaceae 66:76 arg1 member 45:50 a member 43:50 a member of the family Bacillaceae 43:76 nov., a member of the family Bacillaceae, isolated from sludge compost. 25358510 1 35 theme Bacillaceae 66:76 arg1 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov., a member of the family Bacillaceae, isolated from sludge compost. 25358510 2 36 theme rod-shaped 143:152 arg1 bacteria 201:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 2 37 theme strains 222:228 arg1 T 235:235 T 235:235 T 235:235 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 2 37 theme strains 222:228 arg1 DX-3 230:233 strains DX-3 222:233 strains DX-3(T) 222:236 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 12 38 from genus 1213:1217 arg1 Bacillaceae 1233:1243 the family Bacillaceae 1222:1243 the family Bacillaceae 1222:1243 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 11 39 theme mol 1084:1086 arg1 content 1062:1068 The DNA G+C content 1050:1068 The DNA G+C content 1050:1068 The DNA G+C content was 43.2-43.7 mol%. 25358510 11 39 theme mol 1084:1086 arg1 % 1087:1087 43.2-43.7 mol% 1074:1087 43.2-43.7 mol% 1074:1087 The DNA G+C content was 43.2-43.7 mol%. 25358510 2 40 attach isolated 257:264 arg2 bacteria 201:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 2 40 attach isolated 257:264 arg1 China 312:316 China 312:316 China 312:316 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 2 40 attach isolated 257:264 arg1 composts 278:285 sludge composts 271:285 sludge composts 271:285 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 10 41 theme fatty 1022:1026 arg1 0 1047:1047 0 1047:1047 0 1047:1047 The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 25358510 10 41 theme fatty 1022:1026 arg1 acid 1028:1031 The major cellular fatty acid 1003:1031 The major cellular fatty acid 1003:1031 The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 25358510 0 42 dep sp 33:34 arg1 nov. 27:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 0:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 0:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 6 43 theme strains 707:713 arg1 Cells 693:697 Cells 693:697 Cells of both strains 693:713 Cells of both strains were facultatively anaerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25358510 12 44 theme study 1128:1132 arg1 results 1094:1100 The results 1090:1100 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study 1090:1132 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 3 45 with related 395:401 arg1 similarity 437:446 extremely high similarity 422:446 extremely high similarity 422:446 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 12 46 theme gen. 1305:1308 arg1 nov. 1310:1313 the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 1274:1313 the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 1274:1313 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 2 47 theme thermophilic 188:199 arg1 bacteria 201:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria 109:208 Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. 25358510 10 48 theme cellular 1013:1020 arg1 0 1047:1047 0 1047:1047 0 1047:1047 The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 25358510 10 48 theme cellular 1013:1020 arg1 acid 1028:1031 The major cellular fatty acid 1003:1031 The major cellular fatty acid 1003:1031 The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 25358510 3 49 dep related 395:401 arg1 % 454:454 99.6 % 449:454 99.6 % 449:454 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 3 49 dep related 395:401 arg1 isolates 373:380 the isolates 369:380 the isolates 369:380 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 3 49 dep related 395:401 arg1 related 395:401 related 395:401 related 395:401 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 1 50 theme sludge 93:98 arg1 compost 100:106 sludge compost 93:106 sludge compost 93:106 nov., a member of the family Bacillaceae, isolated from sludge compost. 25358510 3 51 theme Bacillaceae 489:499 arg1 members 467:473 members 467:473 members of the family Bacillaceae 467:499 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. 25358510 4 52 theme novel 539:543 arg1 branch 558:563 a novel phylogenetic branch 537:563 a novel phylogenetic branch within this family 537:582 However, these two isolates formed a novel phylogenetic branch within this family. 25358510 10 53 theme major 1007:1011 arg1 0 1047:1047 0 1047:1047 0 1047:1047 The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 25358510 10 53 theme major 1007:1011 arg1 acid 1028:1031 The major cellular fatty acid 1003:1031 The major cellular fatty acid 1003:1031 The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. 25358510 14 54 theme T 1380:1380 arg1 T 1399:1399 T 1399:1399 T 1399:1399 The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)). 25358510 14 54 theme T 1380:1380 arg1 CGMCC 1385:1389  = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360 1366:1397  = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T) 1366:1400 The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)). 25358510 12 55 theme new 1209:1211 arg1 Bacillales 1252:1261 order Bacillales 1246:1261 order Bacillales 1246:1261 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 12 55 theme new 1209:1211 arg1 genus 1213:1217 a new genus 1207:1217 a new genus in the family Bacillaceae 1207:1243 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 12 56 dep sp 1316:1317 arg1 nov. 1310:1313 the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 1274:1313 the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 1274:1313 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 12 57 theme family 1226:1231 arg1 Bacillaceae 1233:1243 the family Bacillaceae 1222:1243 the family Bacillaceae 1222:1243 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 12 58 theme name 1278:1281 arg1 nov. 1310:1313 the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 1274:1313 the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 1274:1313 The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 14 59 theme  = 1382:1383 arg1 T 1399:1399 T 1399:1399 T 1399:1399 The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)). 25358510 14 59 theme  = 1382:1383 arg1 CGMCC 1385:1389  = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360 1366:1397  = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T) 1366:1400 The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)). 25358510 0 60 theme gen. 22:25 arg1 nov. 27:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 0:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 0:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 0 61 theme humi 17:20 arg1 nov. 27:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 0:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov. 0:30 Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. 25358510 4 62 theme phylogenetic 545:556 arg1 branch 558:563 a novel phylogenetic branch 537:563 a novel phylogenetic branch within this family 537:582 However, these two isolates formed a novel phylogenetic branch within this family. 27785458 2 0 theme green 458:462 arg1 algae 464:468 streptophyte green algae 445:468 streptophyte green algae 445:468 Here we describe two simple protocols to visualize callose (β-1→3-glucan) and cellulose (β-1→4-glucan) and related polysaccharides in the cell walls of streptophyte green algae by using standard dyes and epifluorescence microscopy. 27785458 1 1 theme algal 149:153 arg1 cells 155:159 Plant including green algal cells 127:159 Plant including green algal cells 127:159 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 2 2 theme streptophyte 445:456 arg1 algae 464:468 streptophyte green algae 445:468 streptophyte green algae 445:468 Here we describe two simple protocols to visualize callose (β-1→3-glucan) and cellulose (β-1→4-glucan) and related polysaccharides in the cell walls of streptophyte green algae by using standard dyes and epifluorescence microscopy. 27785458 1 3 theme complex 224:230 arg1 polysaccharides 232:246 complex polysaccharides 224:246 complex polysaccharides 224:246 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 0 4 theme green 88:92 arg1 algae 94:98 the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium 71:124 the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium 71:124 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 27785458 1 5 theme polysaccharides 232:246 arg1 wall 186:189 a cell wall 179:189 a cell wall 179:189 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 1 5 theme polysaccharides 232:246 arg1 composite 211:219 a diverse composite 201:219 a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides 201:246 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 1 5 theme polysaccharides 232:246 arg1 polysaccharides 232:246 complex polysaccharides 224:246 complex polysaccharides 224:246 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 0 6 theme streptophyte 75:86 arg1 algae 94:98 the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium 71:124 the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium 71:124 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 27785458 0 7 dep algae 94:98 arg1 Klebsormidium 112:124 Klebsormidium 112:124 Klebsormidium 112:124 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 27785458 0 7 dep algae 94:98 arg1 Zygnema 100:106 Zygnema 100:106 Zygnema 100:106 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 27785458 2 8 theme standard 479:486 arg1 dyes 488:491 standard dyes 479:491 standard dyes 479:491 Here we describe two simple protocols to visualize callose (β-1→3-glucan) and cellulose (β-1→4-glucan) and related polysaccharides in the cell walls of streptophyte green algae by using standard dyes and epifluorescence microscopy. 27785458 0 9 from staining 34:41 arg1 algae 94:98 the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium 71:124 the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium 71:124 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 27785458 0 10 theme blue 8:11 arg1 staining 34:41 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining 0:41 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 0:125 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 27785458 2 11 theme related 400:406 arg1 polysaccharides 408:422 related polysaccharides 400:422 related polysaccharides 400:422 Here we describe two simple protocols to visualize callose (β-1→3-glucan) and cellulose (β-1→4-glucan) and related polysaccharides in the cell walls of streptophyte green algae by using standard dyes and epifluorescence microscopy. 27785458 1 12 theme cell 181:184 arg1 wall 186:189 a cell wall 179:189 a cell wall 179:189 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 1 12 theme cell 181:184 arg1 composite 211:219 a diverse composite 201:219 a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides 201:246 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 1 12 theme cell 181:184 arg1 polysaccharides 232:246 complex polysaccharides 224:246 complex polysaccharides 224:246 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 0 13 theme white 28:32 arg1 staining 34:41 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining 0:41 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 0:125 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 27785458 2 14 theme epifluorescence 497:511 arg1 microscopy 513:522 epifluorescence microscopy 497:522 epifluorescence microscopy 497:522 Here we describe two simple protocols to visualize callose (β-1→3-glucan) and cellulose (β-1→4-glucan) and related polysaccharides in the cell walls of streptophyte green algae by using standard dyes and epifluorescence microscopy. 27785458 2 15 theme cell 431:434 arg1 walls 436:440 the cell walls 427:440 the cell walls of streptophyte green algae 427:468 Here we describe two simple protocols to visualize callose (β-1→3-glucan) and cellulose (β-1→4-glucan) and related polysaccharides in the cell walls of streptophyte green algae by using standard dyes and epifluorescence microscopy. 27785458 2 16 theme algae 464:468 arg1 walls 436:440 the cell walls 427:440 the cell walls of streptophyte green algae 427:468 Here we describe two simple protocols to visualize callose (β-1→3-glucan) and cellulose (β-1→4-glucan) and related polysaccharides in the cell walls of streptophyte green algae by using standard dyes and epifluorescence microscopy. 27785458 2 17 theme simple 314:319 arg1 protocols 321:329 two simple protocols 310:329 two simple protocols 310:329 Here we describe two simple protocols to visualize callose (β-1→3-glucan) and cellulose (β-1→4-glucan) and related polysaccharides in the cell walls of streptophyte green algae by using standard dyes and epifluorescence microscopy. 27785458 1 18 theme Plant 127:131 arg1 cells 155:159 Plant including green algal cells 127:159 Plant including green algal cells 127:159 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 0 19 theme cellulose 58:66 arg1 staining 34:41 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining 0:41 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 0:125 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 27785458 1 20 theme including 133:141 arg1 cells 155:159 Plant including green algal cells 127:159 Plant including green algal cells 127:159 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 1 21 theme diverse 203:209 arg1 wall 186:189 a cell wall 179:189 a cell wall 179:189 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 1 21 theme diverse 203:209 arg1 composite 211:219 a diverse composite 201:219 a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides 201:246 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 1 21 theme diverse 203:209 arg1 polysaccharides 232:246 complex polysaccharides 224:246 complex polysaccharides 224:246 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 27785458 0 22 theme callose 46:52 arg1 staining 34:41 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining 0:41 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 0:125 Aniline blue and Calcofluor white staining of callose and cellulose in the streptophyte green algae Zygnema and Klebsormidium. 27785458 1 23 theme green 143:147 arg1 cells 155:159 Plant including green algal cells 127:159 Plant including green algal cells 127:159 Plant including green algal cells are surrounded by a cell wall, which is a diverse composite of complex polysaccharides and crucial for their function and survival. 26427365 4 0 theme LAM 604:606 arg1 test 608:611 the LAM test 600:611 the LAM test 600:611 We applied the LAM test on urine collected as a spot and early morning sample. 26427365 2 1 theme pulmonary 358:366 arg1 TB 368:369 pulmonary TB 358:369 pulmonary TB 358:369 We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy. 26427365 8 2 theme Modified 1158:1165 arg1 Score > 4 1181:1189 Modified Early Warning Score > 4 1158:1189 Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) 1158:1196 Sensitivity of the LAM test was positively associated with hospitalisation (67 %), Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) and subsequent death (71 %). 26427365 8 2 theme Modified 1158:1165 arg1 % 1195:1195 57 % 1192:1195 57 % 1192:1195 Sensitivity of the LAM test was positively associated with hospitalisation (67 %), Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) and subsequent death (71 %). 26427365 13 3 theme CONCLUSIONS 1689:1699 arg1 sensitivity 1710:1720 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity 1689:1720 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity 1689:1720 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity was highest in patients with poor prognosis and subsequent death and did not increase with a two-sample strategy. 26427365 8 4 theme Warning 1173:1179 arg1 Score > 4 1181:1189 Modified Early Warning Score > 4 1158:1189 Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) 1158:1196 Sensitivity of the LAM test was positively associated with hospitalisation (67 %), Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) and subsequent death (71 %). 26427365 8 4 theme Warning 1173:1179 arg1 % 1195:1195 57 % 1192:1195 57 % 1192:1195 Sensitivity of the LAM test was positively associated with hospitalisation (67 %), Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) and subsequent death (71 %). 26427365 13 5 theme test 1705:1708 arg1 sensitivity 1710:1720 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity 1689:1720 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity 1689:1720 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity was highest in patients with poor prognosis and subsequent death and did not increase with a two-sample strategy. 26427365 2 6 theme diagnostic 286:295 arg1 accuracy 297:304 diagnostic accuracy 286:304 diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB 286:369 We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy. 26427365 6 7 theme microscopy 902:911 arg1 Performance 874:884 Performance 874:884 Performance of sputum smear microscopy 874:911 Performance of sputum smear microscopy was included for comparison. 26427365 10 8 theme test 1361:1364 arg1 performance 1366:1376 test performance 1361:1376 test performance 1361:1376 A two-sample LAM test strategy did not improve test performance. 26427365 2 9 theme lipoarabinomannan 325:341 arg1 test 349:352 the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test 309:352 the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test 309:352 We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy. 26427365 12 10 theme positive 1658:1665 arg1 p = 0.008 1677:1685 p = 0.008 1677:1685 p = 0.008 1677:1685 Surprisingly, nontuberculous mycobacteria were cultured in 34/469 (7 %) and associated with a positive LAM test (p = 0.008). 26427365 12 10 theme positive 1658:1665 arg1 test 1671:1674 a positive LAM test 1656:1674 a positive LAM test (p = 0.008) 1656:1686 Surprisingly, nontuberculous mycobacteria were cultured in 34/469 (7 %) and associated with a positive LAM test (p = 0.008). 26427365 5 11 theme TB 723:724 arg1 based 745:749 a microbiological TB reference standard based 705:749 a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results 705:798 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 2 12 theme rapid 313:317 arg1 LAM 344:346 LAM 344:346 LAM 344:346 We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy. 26427365 2 12 theme rapid 313:317 arg1 lipoarabinomannan 325:341 rapid urine lipoarabinomannan 313:341 the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test 309:352 We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy. 26427365 5 13 theme follow-up 858:866 arg1 data 868:871 clinical follow-up data 849:871 clinical follow-up data 849:871 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 4 14 theme morning 652:658 arg1 sample 660:665 a spot and early morning sample 635:665 a spot and early morning sample 635:665 We applied the LAM test on urine collected as a spot and early morning sample. 26427365 5 15 theme standard 736:743 arg1 based 745:749 a microbiological TB reference standard based 705:749 a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results 705:798 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 5 16 from based 745:749 arg1 results 792:798 sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results 754:798 results 792:798 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 5 16 from based 745:749 arg1 culture 761:767 sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results 754:798 culture 761:767 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 1 17 theme HIV-associated 229:242 arg1 TB 258:259 TB 258:259 TB 258:259 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests are urgently needed to mitigate HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) mortality. 26427365 1 17 theme HIV-associated 229:242 arg1 tuberculosis 244:255 HIV-associated tuberculosis 229:255 HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) mortality 229:270 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests are urgently needed to mitigate HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) mortality. 26427365 7 18 theme TB 1065:1066 arg1 cases 1068:1072 microbiologically confirmed TB cases 1037:1072 microbiologically confirmed TB cases 1037:1072 RESULTS Of 469 patients investigated for TB, the LAM test correctly identified 24/55 (44 %) of microbiologically confirmed TB cases. 26427365 13 19 theme two-sample 1815:1824 arg1 strategy 1826:1833 a two-sample strategy 1813:1833 a two-sample strategy 1813:1833 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity was highest in patients with poor prognosis and subsequent death and did not increase with a two-sample strategy. 26427365 9 20 theme test 1231:1234 arg1 specificity 1236:1246 LAM test specificity 1227:1246 LAM test specificity 1227:1246 LAM test specificity was 95 % increasing to 98 % for the composite reference standard. 26427365 5 21 theme Gene 773:776 arg1 results 792:798 sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results 754:798 results 792:798 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 14 22 theme rigorous 1838:1845 arg1 strategy 1865:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy 1836:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy 1836:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 5 23 theme MTB/RIF 784:790 arg1 results 792:798 sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results 754:798 results 792:798 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 1 24 theme Rapid 174:178 arg1 tests 191:195 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests 163:195 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests 163:195 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests are urgently needed to mitigate HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) mortality. 26427365 0 25 theme HIV-TB 149:154 arg1 study 156:160 the DETECT HIV-TB study 138:160 the DETECT HIV-TB study 138:160 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 0 26 theme HIV-infected 95:106 arg1 adults 108:113 HIV-infected adults 95:113 HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study 95:160 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 14 27 theme LAM 1926:1928 arg1 test 1930:1933 the LAM test 1922:1933 the LAM test 1922:1933 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 13 28 theme subsequent 1770:1779 arg1 death 1781:1785 subsequent death 1770:1785 subsequent death 1770:1785 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity was highest in patients with poor prognosis and subsequent death and did not increase with a two-sample strategy. 26427365 3 29 theme eligible 449:456 arg1 adults 442:447 METHODS HIV-infected adults 421:447 METHODS HIV-infected adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy 421:483 METHODS HIV-infected adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy were prospectively enrolled from Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana and followed for minimum 6 months. 26427365 11 30 theme concentrated 1385:1396 arg1 sputum 1398:1403 concentrated sputum 1385:1403 concentrated sputum for Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorescence microscopy in combination 1385:1464 Using concentrated sputum for Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorescence microscopy in combination yielded a sensitivity of 31/55 (56 %) that increased to 35/55 (64 %) when the LAM test was added. 26427365 3 31 theme HIV-infected 429:440 arg1 adults 442:447 METHODS HIV-infected adults 421:447 METHODS HIV-infected adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy 421:483 METHODS HIV-infected adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy were prospectively enrolled from Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana and followed for minimum 6 months. 26427365 0 32 theme Diagnostic 0:9 arg1 accuracy 11:18 Diagnostic accuracy 0:18 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan 0:55 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 7 33 theme 469 953:955 arg1 patients 957:964 469 patients 953:964 469 patients 953:964 RESULTS Of 469 patients investigated for TB, the LAM test correctly identified 24/55 (44 %) of microbiologically confirmed TB cases. 26427365 14 34 contain had 1874:1876 arg2 sensitivity 1887:1897 superior sensitivity 1878:1897 superior sensitivity 1878:1897 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 14 34 contain had 1874:1876 arg1 strategy 1865:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy 1836:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy 1836:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 6 35 theme smear 896:900 arg1 microscopy 902:911 sputum smear microscopy 889:911 sputum smear microscopy 889:911 Performance of sputum smear microscopy was included for comparison. 26427365 14 36 theme TB 1972:1973 arg1 possibilities 1953:1965 operational possibilities 1941:1965 operational possibilities 1941:1965 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 14 36 theme TB 1972:1973 arg1 method 1985:1990 a TB screening method 1970:1990 a TB screening method among severely sick patients 1970:2019 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 2 37 theme strategy 411:418 arg1 effect 388:393 the effect 384:393 the effect of a two-sample strategy 384:418 We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy. 26427365 3 38 theme antiretroviral 462:475 arg1 therapy 477:483 antiretroviral therapy 462:483 antiretroviral therapy 462:483 METHODS HIV-infected adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy were prospectively enrolled from Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana and followed for minimum 6 months. 26427365 0 39 theme rapid 27:31 arg1 lipoarabinomannan 39:55 the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan 23:55 the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan 23:55 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 8 40 theme test 1098:1101 arg1 Sensitivity 1075:1085 Sensitivity 1075:1085 Sensitivity of the LAM test 1075:1101 Sensitivity of the LAM test was positively associated with hospitalisation (67 %), Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) and subsequent death (71 %). 26427365 14 41 theme superior 1878:1885 arg1 sensitivity 1887:1897 superior sensitivity 1878:1897 superior sensitivity 1878:1897 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 0 42 theme lipoarabinomannan 39:55 arg1 accuracy 11:18 Diagnostic accuracy 0:18 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan 0:55 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 14 43 theme operational 1941:1951 arg1 possibilities 1953:1965 operational possibilities 1941:1965 operational possibilities 1941:1965 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 14 43 theme operational 1941:1951 arg1 method 1985:1990 a TB screening method 1970:1990 a TB screening method among severely sick patients 1970:2019 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 1 44 theme tuberculosis 244:255 arg1 mortality 262:270 HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) mortality 229:270 HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) mortality 229:270 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests are urgently needed to mitigate HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) mortality. 26427365 14 45 theme sputum 1847:1852 arg1 strategy 1865:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy 1836:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy 1836:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 10 46 theme two-sample 1316:1325 arg1 strategy 1336:1343 A two-sample LAM test strategy 1314:1343 A two-sample LAM test strategy 1314:1343 A two-sample LAM test strategy did not improve test performance. 26427365 11 47 theme LAM 1544:1546 arg1 test 1548:1551 the LAM test 1540:1551 the LAM test 1540:1551 Using concentrated sputum for Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorescence microscopy in combination yielded a sensitivity of 31/55 (56 %) that increased to 35/55 (64 %) when the LAM test was added. 26427365 5 48 theme Diagnostic 668:677 arg1 accuracy 679:686 Diagnostic accuracy 668:686 Diagnostic accuracy 668:686 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 3 49 theme minimum 571:577 arg1 months 581:586 minimum 6 months 571:586 minimum 6 months 571:586 METHODS HIV-infected adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy were prospectively enrolled from Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana and followed for minimum 6 months. 26427365 0 50 from study 156:160 arg1 adults 108:113 HIV-infected adults 95:113 HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study 95:160 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 0 50 from study 156:160 arg1 Ghana-findings 118:131 Ghana-findings 118:131 Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study 118:160 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 13 51 theme LAM 1701:1703 arg1 sensitivity 1710:1720 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity 1689:1720 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity 1689:1720 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity was highest in patients with poor prognosis and subsequent death and did not increase with a two-sample strategy. 26427365 10 52 theme test 1331:1334 arg1 strategy 1336:1343 A two-sample LAM test strategy 1314:1343 A two-sample LAM test strategy 1314:1343 A two-sample LAM test strategy did not improve test performance. 26427365 1 53 theme diagnostic 180:189 arg1 tests 191:195 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests 163:195 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests 163:195 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests are urgently needed to mitigate HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) mortality. 26427365 8 54 theme Early 1167:1171 arg1 Score > 4 1181:1189 Modified Early Warning Score > 4 1158:1189 Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) 1158:1196 Sensitivity of the LAM test was positively associated with hospitalisation (67 %), Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) and subsequent death (71 %). 26427365 8 54 theme Early 1167:1171 arg1 % 1195:1195 57 % 1192:1195 57 % 1192:1195 Sensitivity of the LAM test was positively associated with hospitalisation (67 %), Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) and subsequent death (71 %). 26427365 12 55 theme LAM 1667:1669 arg1 p = 0.008 1677:1685 p = 0.008 1677:1685 p = 0.008 1677:1685 Surprisingly, nontuberculous mycobacteria were cultured in 34/469 (7 %) and associated with a positive LAM test (p = 0.008). 26427365 12 55 theme LAM 1667:1669 arg1 test 1671:1674 a positive LAM test 1656:1674 a positive LAM test (p = 0.008) 1656:1686 Surprisingly, nontuberculous mycobacteria were cultured in 34/469 (7 %) and associated with a positive LAM test (p = 0.008). 26427365 5 56 theme microbiological 707:721 arg1 based 745:749 a microbiological TB reference standard based 705:749 a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results 705:798 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 2 57 theme urine 319:323 arg1 LAM 344:346 LAM 344:346 LAM 344:346 We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy. 26427365 2 57 theme urine 319:323 arg1 lipoarabinomannan 325:341 rapid urine lipoarabinomannan 313:341 the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test 309:352 We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy. 26427365 5 58 theme clinical 849:856 arg1 data 868:871 clinical follow-up data 849:871 clinical follow-up data 849:871 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 4 59 theme spot 637:640 arg1 sample 660:665 a spot and early morning sample 635:665 a spot and early morning sample 635:665 We applied the LAM test on urine collected as a spot and early morning sample. 26427365 5 60 theme reference 726:734 arg1 based 745:749 a microbiological TB reference standard based 705:749 a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results 705:798 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 13 61 with patients 1737:1744 arg1 prognosis 1756:1764 poor prognosis 1751:1764 poor prognosis 1751:1764 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity was highest in patients with poor prognosis and subsequent death and did not increase with a two-sample strategy. 26427365 13 61 with patients 1737:1744 arg1 death 1781:1785 subsequent death 1770:1785 subsequent death 1770:1785 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity was highest in patients with poor prognosis and subsequent death and did not increase with a two-sample strategy. 26427365 4 62 theme early 646:650 arg1 sample 660:665 a spot and early morning sample 635:665 a spot and early morning sample 635:665 We applied the LAM test on urine collected as a spot and early morning sample. 26427365 7 63 theme confirmed 1055:1063 arg1 cases 1068:1072 microbiologically confirmed TB cases 1037:1072 microbiologically confirmed TB cases 1037:1072 RESULTS Of 469 patients investigated for TB, the LAM test correctly identified 24/55 (44 %) of microbiologically confirmed TB cases. 26427365 8 64 theme subsequent 1202:1211 arg1 % 1223:1223 71 % 1220:1223 71 % 1220:1223 Sensitivity of the LAM test was positively associated with hospitalisation (67 %), Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) and subsequent death (71 %). 26427365 8 64 theme subsequent 1202:1211 arg1 death 1213:1217 subsequent death 1202:1217 subsequent death (71 %) 1202:1224 Sensitivity of the LAM test was positively associated with hospitalisation (67 %), Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) and subsequent death (71 %). 26427365 9 65 theme LAM 1227:1229 arg1 specificity 1236:1246 LAM test specificity 1227:1246 LAM test specificity 1227:1246 LAM test specificity was 95 % increasing to 98 % for the composite reference standard. 26427365 0 66 from adults 108:113 arg1 study 156:160 the DETECT HIV-TB study 138:160 the DETECT HIV-TB study 138:160 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 0 66 from adults 108:113 arg1 Ghana-findings 118:131 Ghana-findings 118:131 Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study 118:160 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 0 67 theme pulmonary 66:74 arg1 tuberculosis 76:87 pulmonary tuberculosis 66:87 pulmonary tuberculosis 66:87 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 11 68 theme 31/55 1491:1495 arg1 sensitivity 1476:1486 a sensitivity 1474:1486 a sensitivity of 31/55 (56 %) that increased to 35/55 (64 %) when the LAM test was added 1474:1561 Using concentrated sputum for Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorescence microscopy in combination yielded a sensitivity of 31/55 (56 %) that increased to 35/55 (64 %) when the LAM test was added. 26427365 5 69 theme Xpert 778:782 arg1 results 792:798 sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results 754:798 results 792:798 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 1 70 theme BACKGROUND 163:172 arg1 tests 191:195 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests 163:195 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests 163:195 BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests are urgently needed to mitigate HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) mortality. 26427365 7 71 theme LAM 991:993 arg1 test 995:998 the LAM test 987:998 the LAM test 987:998 RESULTS Of 469 patients investigated for TB, the LAM test correctly identified 24/55 (44 %) of microbiologically confirmed TB cases. 26427365 14 72 theme test 1930:1933 arg1 simplicity 1908:1917 the simplicity 1904:1917 the simplicity of the LAM test 1904:1933 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 5 73 theme sputum 754:759 arg1 culture 761:767 sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results 754:798 culture 761:767 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 12 74 theme nontuberculous 1578:1591 arg1 mycobacteria 1593:1604 nontuberculous mycobacteria 1578:1604 nontuberculous mycobacteria 1578:1604 Surprisingly, nontuberculous mycobacteria were cultured in 34/469 (7 %) and associated with a positive LAM test (p = 0.008). 26427365 14 75 theme sick 2007:2010 arg1 patients 2012:2019 severely sick patients 1998:2019 severely sick patients 1998:2019 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 5 76 theme composite 810:818 arg1 reference 820:828 a composite reference 808:828 a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data 808:871 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 7 77 theme cases 1068:1072 arg1 24/55 1021:1025 24/55 1021:1025 24/55 1021:1025 RESULTS Of 469 patients investigated for TB, the LAM test correctly identified 24/55 (44 %) of microbiologically confirmed TB cases. 26427365 7 77 theme cases 1068:1072 arg1 % 1031:1031 44 % 1028:1031 44 % 1028:1031 RESULTS Of 469 patients investigated for TB, the LAM test correctly identified 24/55 (44 %) of microbiologically confirmed TB cases. 26427365 7 77 theme cases 1068:1072 arg1 cases 1068:1072 microbiologically confirmed TB cases 1037:1072 microbiologically confirmed TB cases 1037:1072 RESULTS Of 469 patients investigated for TB, the LAM test correctly identified 24/55 (44 %) of microbiologically confirmed TB cases. 26427365 11 78 theme fluorescence 1427:1438 arg1 microscopy 1440:1449 fluorescence microscopy 1427:1449 fluorescence microscopy 1427:1449 Using concentrated sputum for Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorescence microscopy in combination yielded a sensitivity of 31/55 (56 %) that increased to 35/55 (64 %) when the LAM test was added. 26427365 5 79 theme standard 830:837 arg1 reference 820:828 a composite reference 808:828 a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data 808:871 Diagnostic accuracy was analysed for a microbiological TB reference standard based on sputum culture and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results and for a composite reference standard including clinical follow-up data. 26427365 9 80 theme composite 1284:1292 arg1 reference 1294:1302 the composite reference 1280:1302 the composite reference standard 1280:1311 LAM test specificity was 95 % increasing to 98 % for the composite reference standard. 26427365 8 81 theme LAM 1094:1096 arg1 test 1098:1101 the LAM test 1090:1101 the LAM test 1090:1101 Sensitivity of the LAM test was positively associated with hospitalisation (67 %), Modified Early Warning Score > 4 (57 %) and subsequent death (71 %). 26427365 7 82 theme patients 957:964 arg1 RESULTS 942:948 RESULTS 942:948 RESULTS Of 469 patients 942:964 RESULTS Of 469 patients investigated for TB, the LAM test correctly identified 24/55 (44 %) of microbiologically confirmed TB cases. 26427365 14 83 theme screening 1975:1983 arg1 possibilities 1953:1965 operational possibilities 1941:1965 operational possibilities 1941:1965 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 14 83 theme screening 1975:1983 arg1 method 1985:1990 a TB screening method 1970:1990 a TB screening method among severely sick patients 1970:2019 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 13 84 theme poor 1751:1754 arg1 prognosis 1756:1764 poor prognosis 1751:1764 poor prognosis 1751:1764 CONCLUSIONS LAM test sensitivity was highest in patients with poor prognosis and subsequent death and did not increase with a two-sample strategy. 26427365 0 85 theme urine 33:37 arg1 lipoarabinomannan 39:55 the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan 23:55 the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan 23:55 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 9 86 theme standard 1304:1311 arg1 reference 1294:1302 the composite reference 1280:1302 the composite reference standard 1280:1311 LAM test specificity was 95 % increasing to 98 % for the composite reference standard. 26427365 6 87 theme sputum 889:894 arg1 microscopy 902:911 sputum smear microscopy 889:911 sputum smear microscopy 889:911 Performance of sputum smear microscopy was included for comparison. 26427365 3 88 theme METHODS 421:427 arg1 adults 442:447 METHODS HIV-infected adults 421:447 METHODS HIV-infected adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy 421:483 METHODS HIV-infected adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy were prospectively enrolled from Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana and followed for minimum 6 months. 26427365 2 89 theme two-sample 400:409 arg1 strategy 411:418 a two-sample strategy 398:418 a two-sample strategy 398:418 We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy. 26427365 0 90 theme DETECT 142:147 arg1 study 156:160 the DETECT HIV-TB study 138:160 the DETECT HIV-TB study 138:160 Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. 26427365 2 91 theme test 349:352 arg1 accuracy 297:304 diagnostic accuracy 286:304 diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB 286:369 We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy. 26427365 14 92 theme microscopy 1854:1863 arg1 strategy 1865:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy 1836:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy 1836:1872 A rigorous sputum microscopy strategy had superior sensitivity, but the simplicity of the LAM test holds operational possibilities as a TB screening method among severely sick patients. 26427365 10 93 theme LAM 1327:1329 arg1 strategy 1336:1343 A two-sample LAM test strategy 1314:1343 A two-sample LAM test strategy 1314:1343 A two-sample LAM test strategy did not improve test performance. 26427365 11 94 from sputum 1398:1403 arg1 combination 1454:1464 combination 1454:1464 combination 1454:1464 Using concentrated sputum for Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorescence microscopy in combination yielded a sensitivity of 31/55 (56 %) that increased to 35/55 (64 %) when the LAM test was added. 26627884 10 0 theme obvious 1612:1618 arg1 phenotype 1620:1628 no obvious phenotype or significant change 1609:1650 phenotype 1620:1628 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 1 1 theme perennial 217:225 arg1 Alfalfa 168:174 BACKGROUND Alfalfa 157:174 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 157:195 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 1 1 theme perennial 217:225 arg1 crop 234:237 a widely adapted perennial forage crop 200:237 a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential 200:280 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 12 2 theme invertase 1899:1907 arg1 localization 1875:1886 localization 1875:1886 localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes 1875:1952 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 3 3 theme stem 493:496 arg1 walls 503:507 stem cell walls 493:507 stem cell walls 493:507 We examined if increased expression of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) would increase cellulose in stem cell walls. 26627884 8 4 from activity 1327:1334 arg1 internodes 1366:1375 post-elongation stem (PES) internodes 1339:1375 post-elongation stem (PES) internodes 1339:1375 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 12 5 theme vascular 1912:1919 arg1 tissues 1921:1927 vascular tissues 1912:1927 vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes 1912:1952 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 7 6 theme SUS 1041:1043 arg1 activity 1045:1052 SUS activity 1041:1052 SUS activity in stems of selected down-regulated transformants 1041:1102 Enzyme assays indicated that SUS activity in stems of selected down-regulated transformants was reduced by greater than 95 % compared to the controls. 26627884 5 7 theme PEPC7-P4 796:803 arg1 active 818:823 active 818:823 active 818:823 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 5 7 theme PEPC7-P4 796:803 arg1 promoter 805:812 the PEPC7-P4 promoter 792:812 the PEPC7-P4 promoter 792:812 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 4 8 theme carboxylase 595:605 arg1 PEPC7-P4 622:629 PEPC7-P4 622:629 PEPC7-P4 622:629 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 4 8 theme carboxylase 595:605 arg1 promoter 612:619 a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter 555:619 a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene 555:718 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 7 9 theme Enzyme 1012:1017 arg1 assays 1019:1024 Enzyme assays 1012:1024 Enzyme assays 1012:1024 Enzyme assays indicated that SUS activity in stems of selected down-regulated transformants was reduced by greater than 95 % compared to the controls. 26627884 10 10 theme sugar 1665:1669 arg1 composition 1671:1681 cell wall sugar composition 1655:1681 cell wall sugar composition 1655:1681 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 6 11 theme transcript 886:895 arg1 accumulation 897:908 MsSUS1 transcript accumulation 879:908 MsSUS1 transcript accumulation 879:908 In contrast to expectations, MsSUS1 transcript accumulation was reduced 75-90 % in alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls. 26627884 8 12 theme PES 1361:1363 arg1 internodes 1366:1375 post-elongation stem (PES) internodes 1339:1375 post-elongation stem (PES) internodes 1339:1375 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 12 13 dep In 1831:1832 arg1 situ 1834:1837 situ 1834:1837 situ 1834:1837 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 13 14 theme cellulose 2050:2058 arg1 biosynthesis 2060:2071 cellulose biosynthesis 2050:2071 cellulose biosynthesis 2050:2071 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that invertases play a primary role in providing glucose for cellulose biosynthesis or compensate for the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 12 15 theme stem 1856:1859 arg1 tissue 1861:1866 stem tissue 1856:1866 stem tissue 1856:1866 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 13 16 theme vascular 2125:2132 arg1 tissue 2134:2139 stem vascular tissue 2120:2139 stem vascular tissue 2120:2139 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that invertases play a primary role in providing glucose for cellulose biosynthesis or compensate for the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 8 17 theme control 1221:1227 arg1 plants 1229:1234 control plants 1221:1234 control plants 1221:1234 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 1 18 dep crop 234:237 arg1 forage 227:232 forage 227:232 forage 227:232 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 0 19 theme wall 131:134 arg1 synthesis 146:154 cell wall cellulose synthesis 126:154 cell wall cellulose synthesis 126:154 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 8 20 theme low 1390:1392 arg1 activity 1398:1405 very low SUS activity 1385:1405 very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes 1385:1440 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 12 21 theme internodes 1943:1952 arg1 tissues 1921:1927 vascular tissues 1912:1927 vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes 1912:1952 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 8 22 with plants 1262:1267 arg1 transgene 1295:1303 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 1274:1303 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 1274:1303 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 4 23 theme nodule-enhanced 652:666 arg1 cDNA 672:675 an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA 641:675 an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) 641:684 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 4 23 theme nodule-enhanced 652:666 arg1 MsSUS1 678:683 MsSUS1 678:683 MsSUS1 678:683 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 5 24 located detected 747:754 arg2 expression 732:741 Strong GUS expression 721:741 Strong GUS expression 721:741 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 5 24 located detected 747:754 arg1 phloem 769:774 phloem 769:774 phloem 769:774 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 5 24 located detected 747:754 arg1 xylem 759:763 xylem 759:763 xylem 759:763 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 5 25 theme vascular 833:840 arg1 tissue 842:847 stem vascular tissue 828:847 stem vascular tissue 828:847 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 8 26 theme elongating 1410:1419 arg1 internodes 1431:1440 elongating stem (ES) internodes 1410:1440 elongating stem (ES) internodes 1410:1440 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 4 27 theme GUS 710:712 arg1 gene 715:718 β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene 693:718 the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene 689:718 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 0 28 theme stem 72:75 arg1 tissue 86:91 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue 43:91 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue 43:91 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 8 29 located detected 1189:1196 arg1 xylem 1201:1205 xylem 1201:1205 xylem 1201:1205 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 8 29 located detected 1189:1196 arg2 activity 1176:1183 SUS activity 1172:1183 SUS activity 1172:1183 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 8 29 located detected 1189:1196 arg1 phloem 1211:1216 phloem 1211:1216 phloem 1211:1216 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 5 30 from active 818:823 arg1 tissue 842:847 stem vascular tissue 828:847 stem vascular tissue 828:847 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 0 31 dep tissue 86:91 arg1 L. 68:69 Medicago sativa L. 52:69 Medicago sativa L. 52:69 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 2 32 theme bioenergy 369:377 arg1 value 346:350 the value 342:350 the value of the crop 342:362 Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems would increase the value of the crop as a bioenergy feedstock. 26627884 2 32 theme bioenergy 369:377 arg1 feedstock 379:387 a bioenergy feedstock 367:387 a bioenergy feedstock 367:387 Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems would increase the value of the crop as a bioenergy feedstock. 26627884 2 33 theme crop 359:362 arg1 value 346:350 the value 342:350 the value of the crop 342:362 Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems would increase the value of the crop as a bioenergy feedstock. 26627884 2 33 theme crop 359:362 arg1 feedstock 379:387 a bioenergy feedstock 367:387 a bioenergy feedstock 367:387 Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems would increase the value of the crop as a bioenergy feedstock. 26627884 9 34 theme SUS 1451:1453 arg1 protein 1455:1461 SUS protein 1451:1461 SUS protein 1451:1461 Loss of SUS protein in PES internodes of down-regulated lines was confirmed by immunoblots. 26627884 8 35 theme :: 1286:1287 arg1 transgene 1295:1303 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 1274:1303 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 1274:1303 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 11 36 theme acid 1792:1795 arg1 activity 1807:1814 acid invertase activity 1792:1814 acid invertase activity 1792:1814 However, alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity increased in SUS down-regulated lines and high levels of acid invertase activity were observed. 26627884 0 37 theme Transgene 0:8 arg1 silencing 10:18 Transgene silencing 0:18 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue 0:91 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 13 38 theme stem 2120:2123 arg1 tissue 2134:2139 stem vascular tissue 2120:2139 stem vascular tissue 2120:2139 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that invertases play a primary role in providing glucose for cellulose biosynthesis or compensate for the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 5 39 from tissue 842:847 arg1 active 818:823 active 818:823 active 818:823 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 5 39 from tissue 842:847 arg1 promoter 805:812 the PEPC7-P4 promoter 792:812 the PEPC7-P4 promoter 792:812 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 4 40 theme β-glucuronidase 693:707 arg1 gene 715:718 β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene 693:718 the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene 689:718 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 10 41 theme stem 1585:1588 arg1 tissue 1590:1595 stem tissue 1585:1595 stem tissue 1585:1595 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 8 42 from activity 1398:1405 arg1 internodes 1431:1440 elongating stem (ES) internodes 1410:1440 elongating stem (ES) internodes 1410:1440 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 1 43 theme high 248:251 arg1 potential 272:280 high biomass production potential 248:280 high biomass production potential 248:280 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 8 44 theme detectable 1312:1321 arg1 activity 1327:1334 detectable SUS activity 1312:1334 detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes 1312:1375 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 3 45 theme increased 405:413 arg1 expression 415:424 increased expression 405:424 increased expression of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) 405:463 We examined if increased expression of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) would increase cellulose in stem cell walls. 26627884 0 46 theme synthase 31:38 arg1 silencing 10:18 Transgene silencing 0:18 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue 0:91 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 1 47 theme production 261:270 arg1 potential 272:280 high biomass production potential 248:280 high biomass production potential 248:280 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 5 48 theme Strong 721:726 arg1 expression 732:741 Strong GUS expression 721:741 Strong GUS expression 721:741 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 9 49 theme down-regulated 1484:1497 arg1 lines 1499:1503 down-regulated lines 1484:1503 down-regulated lines 1484:1503 Loss of SUS protein in PES internodes of down-regulated lines was confirmed by immunoblots. 26627884 6 50 theme :: 971:972 arg1 transgene 980:988 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 959:988 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 959:988 In contrast to expectations, MsSUS1 transcript accumulation was reduced 75-90 % in alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls. 26627884 13 51 dep CONCLUSIONS 1955:1965 arg1 suggest 1981:1987 suggest 1981:1987 suggest that invertases play a primary role in providing glucose for cellulose biosynthesis or compensate for the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue 1981:2139 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that invertases play a primary role in providing glucose for cellulose biosynthesis or compensate for the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 2 52 theme alfalfa 313:319 arg1 stems 321:325 alfalfa stems 313:325 alfalfa stems 313:325 Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems would increase the value of the crop as a bioenergy feedstock. 26627884 7 53 theme down-regulated 1075:1088 arg1 transformants 1090:1102 down-regulated transformants 1075:1102 selected down-regulated transformants 1066:1102 Enzyme assays indicated that SUS activity in stems of selected down-regulated transformants was reduced by greater than 95 % compared to the controls. 26627884 13 54 theme activity 2108:2115 arg1 loss 2095:2098 the loss 2091:2098 the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue 2091:2139 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that invertases play a primary role in providing glucose for cellulose biosynthesis or compensate for the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 8 55 dep in 1239:1240 arg1 situ 1242:1245 situ 1242:1245 situ 1242:1245 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 8 56 theme post-elongation 1339:1353 arg1 internodes 1366:1375 post-elongation stem (PES) internodes 1339:1375 post-elongation stem (PES) internodes 1339:1375 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 3 57 theme synthase 437:444 arg1 expression 415:424 increased expression 405:424 increased expression of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) 405:463 We examined if increased expression of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) would increase cellulose in stem cell walls. 26627884 12 58 theme PES 1939:1941 arg1 internodes 1943:1952 PES internodes 1939:1952 PES internodes 1939:1952 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 8 59 contain had 1381:1383 arg2 activity 1398:1405 very low SUS activity 1385:1405 very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes 1385:1440 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 8 59 contain had 1381:1383 arg1 plants 1262:1267 plants 1262:1267 plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 1262:1303 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 10 60 theme significant 1633:1643 arg1 change 1645:1650 no obvious phenotype or significant change 1609:1650 change 1645:1650 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 7 61 theme selected 1066:1073 arg1 transformants 1090:1102 down-regulated transformants 1075:1102 selected down-regulated transformants 1066:1102 Enzyme assays indicated that SUS activity in stems of selected down-regulated transformants was reduced by greater than 95 % compared to the controls. 26627884 4 62 theme truncated 557:565 arg1 PEPC7-P4 622:629 PEPC7-P4 622:629 PEPC7-P4 622:629 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 4 62 theme truncated 557:565 arg1 promoter 612:619 a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter 555:619 a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene 555:718 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 0 63 from role 104:107 arg1 synthesis 146:154 cell wall cellulose synthesis 126:154 cell wall cellulose synthesis 126:154 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 1 64 theme adapted 209:215 arg1 Alfalfa 168:174 BACKGROUND Alfalfa 157:174 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 157:195 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 1 64 theme adapted 209:215 arg1 crop 234:237 a widely adapted perennial forage crop 200:237 a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential 200:280 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 12 65 theme ES 1932:1933 arg1 tissues 1921:1927 vascular tissues 1912:1927 vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes 1912:1952 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 2 66 from content 302:308 arg1 stems 321:325 alfalfa stems 313:325 alfalfa stems 313:325 Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems would increase the value of the crop as a bioenergy feedstock. 26627884 10 67 theme wall 1660:1663 arg1 composition 1671:1681 cell wall sugar composition 1655:1681 cell wall sugar composition 1655:1681 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 12 68 theme neutral 1891:1897 arg1 invertase 1899:1907 neutral invertase 1891:1907 neutral invertase 1891:1907 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 11 69 theme down-regulated 1752:1765 arg1 lines 1767:1771 SUS down-regulated lines 1748:1771 SUS down-regulated lines 1748:1771 However, alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity increased in SUS down-regulated lines and high levels of acid invertase activity were observed. 26627884 1 70 contain has 244:246 arg2 potential 272:280 high biomass production potential 248:280 high biomass production potential 248:280 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 1 70 contain has 244:246 arg1 Alfalfa 168:174 BACKGROUND Alfalfa 157:174 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 157:195 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 1 70 contain has 244:246 arg1 crop 234:237 a widely adapted perennial forage crop 200:237 a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential 200:280 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 0 71 theme alfalfa 43:49 arg1 tissue 86:91 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue 43:91 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue 43:91 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 10 72 from phenotype 1620:1628 arg1 composition 1671:1681 cell wall sugar composition 1655:1681 cell wall sugar composition 1655:1681 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 12 73 theme tissue 1861:1866 arg1 assays 1846:1851 In situ enzyme assays 1831:1851 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue 1831:1866 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 8 74 theme SUS 1172:1174 arg1 activity 1176:1183 SUS activity 1172:1183 SUS activity 1172:1183 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 2 75 theme Enhanced 283:290 arg1 content 302:308 Enhanced cellulose content 283:308 Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems 283:325 Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems would increase the value of the crop as a bioenergy feedstock. 26627884 1 76 theme BACKGROUND 157:166 arg1 Alfalfa 168:174 BACKGROUND Alfalfa 157:174 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 157:195 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 1 76 theme BACKGROUND 157:166 arg1 crop 234:237 a widely adapted perennial forage crop 200:237 a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential 200:280 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 8 77 theme stem 1421:1424 arg1 internodes 1431:1440 elongating stem (ES) internodes 1410:1440 elongating stem (ES) internodes 1410:1440 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 11 78 theme A/N 1711:1713 arg1 activity 1726:1733 alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity 1693:1733 alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity 1693:1733 However, alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity increased in SUS down-regulated lines and high levels of acid invertase activity were observed. 26627884 3 79 theme cell 498:501 arg1 walls 503:507 stem cell walls 493:507 stem cell walls 493:507 We examined if increased expression of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) would increase cellulose in stem cell walls. 26627884 4 80 theme phosphoenolpyruvate 575:593 arg1 PEPC7-P4 622:629 PEPC7-P4 622:629 PEPC7-P4 622:629 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 4 80 theme phosphoenolpyruvate 575:593 arg1 promoter 612:619 a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter 555:619 a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene 555:718 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 11 81 theme alkaline/neutral 1693:1708 arg1 activity 1726:1733 alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity 1693:1733 alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity 1693:1733 However, alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity increased in SUS down-regulated lines and high levels of acid invertase activity were observed. 26627884 12 82 theme enzyme 1839:1844 arg1 assays 1846:1851 In situ enzyme assays 1831:1851 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue 1831:1866 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 6 83 theme MsSUS1 879:884 arg1 accumulation 897:908 MsSUS1 transcript accumulation 879:908 MsSUS1 transcript accumulation 879:908 In contrast to expectations, MsSUS1 transcript accumulation was reduced 75-90 % in alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls. 26627884 4 84 theme gene 607:610 arg1 PEPC7-P4 622:629 PEPC7-P4 622:629 PEPC7-P4 622:629 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 4 84 theme gene 607:610 arg1 promoter 612:619 a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter 555:619 a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene 555:718 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 0 85 theme cell 126:129 arg1 synthesis 146:154 cell wall cellulose synthesis 126:154 cell wall cellulose synthesis 126:154 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 4 86 theme SUS 668:670 arg1 cDNA 672:675 an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA 641:675 an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) 641:684 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 4 86 theme SUS 668:670 arg1 MsSUS1 678:683 MsSUS1 678:683 MsSUS1 678:683 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 11 87 theme invertase 1716:1724 arg1 activity 1726:1733 alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity 1693:1733 alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity 1693:1733 However, alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity increased in SUS down-regulated lines and high levels of acid invertase activity were observed. 26627884 0 88 theme cellulose 136:144 arg1 synthesis 146:154 cell wall cellulose synthesis 126:154 cell wall cellulose synthesis 126:154 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 10 89 from change 1645:1650 arg1 composition 1671:1681 cell wall sugar composition 1655:1681 cell wall sugar composition 1655:1681 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 6 90 theme PEPC7-P4 963:970 arg1 transgene 980:988 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 959:988 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 959:988 In contrast to expectations, MsSUS1 transcript accumulation was reduced 75-90 % in alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls. 26627884 8 91 theme plants 1229:1234 arg1 xylem 1201:1205 xylem 1201:1205 xylem 1201:1205 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 8 91 theme plants 1229:1234 arg1 phloem 1211:1216 phloem 1211:1216 phloem 1211:1216 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 13 92 theme primary 2012:2018 arg1 role 2020:2023 a primary role 2010:2023 a primary role 2010:2023 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that invertases play a primary role in providing glucose for cellulose biosynthesis or compensate for the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 8 93 theme in 1239:1240 arg1 assays 1254:1259 in situ enzyme assays 1239:1259 in situ enzyme assays 1239:1259 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 11 94 theme high 1777:1780 arg1 levels 1782:1787 high levels 1777:1787 high levels of acid invertase activity 1777:1814 However, alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity increased in SUS down-regulated lines and high levels of acid invertase activity were observed. 26627884 5 95 theme stem 828:831 arg1 tissue 842:847 stem vascular tissue 828:847 stem vascular tissue 828:847 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 6 96 theme alfalfa 933:939 arg1 plants 941:946 alfalfa plants 933:946 alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls 933:1009 In contrast to expectations, MsSUS1 transcript accumulation was reduced 75-90 % in alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls. 26627884 0 97 from silencing 10:18 arg1 tissue 86:91 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue 43:91 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue 43:91 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 8 98 theme enzyme 1247:1252 arg1 assays 1254:1259 in situ enzyme assays 1239:1259 in situ enzyme assays 1239:1259 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 0 99 theme vascular 77:84 arg1 tissue 86:91 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue 43:91 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue 43:91 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 9 100 from Loss 1443:1446 arg1 internodes 1470:1479 PES internodes 1466:1479 PES internodes of down-regulated lines 1466:1503 Loss of SUS protein in PES internodes of down-regulated lines was confirmed by immunoblots. 26627884 8 101 theme ES 1427:1428 arg1 internodes 1431:1440 elongating stem (ES) internodes 1410:1440 elongating stem (ES) internodes 1410:1440 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 6 102 contain containing 948:957 arg1 plants 941:946 alfalfa plants 933:946 alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls 933:1009 In contrast to expectations, MsSUS1 transcript accumulation was reduced 75-90 % in alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls. 26627884 6 102 contain containing 948:957 arg2 transgene 980:988 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 959:988 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 959:988 In contrast to expectations, MsSUS1 transcript accumulation was reduced 75-90 % in alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls. 26627884 11 103 theme SUS 1748:1750 arg1 lines 1767:1771 SUS down-regulated lines 1748:1771 SUS down-regulated lines 1748:1771 However, alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity increased in SUS down-regulated lines and high levels of acid invertase activity were observed. 26627884 3 104 dep SUS 447:449 arg1 EC 452:453 EC 2.4.1.13 452:462 EC 2.4.1.13 452:462 We examined if increased expression of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) would increase cellulose in stem cell walls. 26627884 10 105 theme SUS 1554:1556 arg1 Down-regulation 1535:1549 Down-regulation 1535:1549 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue 1535:1595 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 9 106 theme protein 1455:1461 arg1 Loss 1443:1446 Loss 1443:1446 Loss of SUS protein in PES internodes of down-regulated lines 1443:1503 Loss of SUS protein in PES internodes of down-regulated lines was confirmed by immunoblots. 26627884 8 107 theme PEPC7-P4 1278:1285 arg1 transgene 1295:1303 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 1274:1303 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 1274:1303 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 11 108 theme invertase 1797:1805 arg1 activity 1807:1814 acid invertase activity 1792:1814 acid invertase activity 1792:1814 However, alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity increased in SUS down-regulated lines and high levels of acid invertase activity were observed. 26627884 0 109 theme sucrose 23:29 arg1 synthase 31:38 sucrose synthase 23:38 sucrose synthase 23:38 Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. 26627884 8 110 dep low 1390:1392 arg1 SUS 1394:1396 SUS 1394:1396 SUS 1394:1396 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 9 111 theme PES 1466:1468 arg1 internodes 1470:1479 PES internodes 1466:1479 PES internodes of down-regulated lines 1466:1503 Loss of SUS protein in PES internodes of down-regulated lines was confirmed by immunoblots. 26627884 8 112 theme MsSUS1 1288:1293 arg1 transgene 1295:1303 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 1274:1303 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 1274:1303 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 10 113 theme cell 1655:1658 arg1 composition 1671:1681 cell wall sugar composition 1655:1681 cell wall sugar composition 1655:1681 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 3 114 theme sucrose 429:435 arg1 SUS 447:449 SUS 447:449 SUS 447:449 We examined if increased expression of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) would increase cellulose in stem cell walls. 26627884 3 114 theme sucrose 429:435 arg1 synthase 437:444 sucrose synthase 429:444 sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) 429:463 We examined if increased expression of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) would increase cellulose in stem cell walls. 26627884 7 115 theme transformants 1090:1102 arg1 stems 1057:1061 stems 1057:1061 stems of selected down-regulated transformants 1057:1102 Enzyme assays indicated that SUS activity in stems of selected down-regulated transformants was reduced by greater than 95 % compared to the controls. 26627884 1 116 theme biomass 253:259 arg1 potential 272:280 high biomass production potential 248:280 high biomass production potential 248:280 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 12 117 from localization 1875:1886 arg1 tissues 1921:1927 vascular tissues 1912:1927 vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes 1912:1952 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 6 118 theme MsSUS1 973:978 arg1 transgene 980:988 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 959:988 the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene 959:988 In contrast to expectations, MsSUS1 transcript accumulation was reduced 75-90 % in alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls. 26627884 11 119 theme activity 1807:1814 arg1 levels 1782:1787 high levels 1777:1787 high levels of acid invertase activity 1777:1814 However, alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity increased in SUS down-regulated lines and high levels of acid invertase activity were observed. 26627884 7 120 from activity 1045:1052 arg1 stems 1057:1061 stems 1057:1061 stems of selected down-regulated transformants 1057:1102 Enzyme assays indicated that SUS activity in stems of selected down-regulated transformants was reduced by greater than 95 % compared to the controls. 26627884 1 121 dep Alfalfa 168:174 arg1 L. 193:194 Medicago sativa L. 177:194 Medicago sativa L. 177:194 BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. 26627884 5 122 theme GUS 728:730 arg1 expression 732:741 Strong GUS expression 721:741 Strong GUS expression 721:741 Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 13 123 theme SUS1 2103:2106 arg1 activity 2108:2115 SUS1 activity 2103:2115 SUS1 activity 2103:2115 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that invertases play a primary role in providing glucose for cellulose biosynthesis or compensate for the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 9 124 theme lines 1499:1503 arg1 internodes 1470:1479 PES internodes 1466:1479 PES internodes of down-regulated lines 1466:1503 Loss of SUS protein in PES internodes of down-regulated lines was confirmed by immunoblots. 26627884 10 125 from Down-regulation 1535:1549 arg1 tissue 1590:1595 stem tissue 1585:1595 stem tissue 1585:1595 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 13 126 from loss 2095:2098 arg1 tissue 2134:2139 stem vascular tissue 2120:2139 stem vascular tissue 2120:2139 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that invertases play a primary role in providing glucose for cellulose biosynthesis or compensate for the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue. 26627884 8 127 theme SUS 1323:1325 arg1 activity 1327:1334 detectable SUS activity 1312:1334 detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes 1312:1375 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 26627884 10 128 dep SUS 1554:1556 arg1 SUS 1554:1556 SUS expression and activity 1554:1580 SUS expression and activity 1554:1580 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 10 128 dep SUS 1554:1556 arg1 activity 1573:1580 activity 1573:1580 activity 1573:1580 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 10 128 dep SUS 1554:1556 arg1 expression 1558:1567 expression 1558:1567 expression 1558:1567 Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. 26627884 12 129 theme In 1831:1832 arg1 assays 1846:1851 In situ enzyme assays 1831:1851 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue 1831:1866 In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. 26627884 2 130 theme cellulose 292:300 arg1 content 302:308 Enhanced cellulose content 283:308 Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems 283:325 Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems would increase the value of the crop as a bioenergy feedstock. 26627884 4 131 theme alfalfa 567:573 arg1 PEPC7-P4 622:629 PEPC7-P4 622:629 PEPC7-P4 622:629 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 4 131 theme alfalfa 567:573 arg1 promoter 612:619 a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter 555:619 a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene 555:718 RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. 26627884 8 132 theme stem 1355:1358 arg1 internodes 1366:1375 post-elongation stem (PES) internodes 1339:1375 post-elongation stem (PES) internodes 1339:1375 Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. 25667397 4 0 theme NaCl 428:431 arg1 salinities 398:407 salinities 398:407 salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%) 398:450 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 2 1 theme actinobacterium 110:124 arg1 strain 126:131 An actinobacterium strain 107:131 An actinobacterium strain (M-201(T)) 107:142 An actinobacterium strain (M-201(T)) was isolated from a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam. 25667397 11 2 theme 98.2 1238:1241 arg1 % 1242:1242 % 1242:1242 % 1242:1242 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 3 3 from depth 235:239 arg1 Canyon 255:260 the Avilés Canyon 244:260 the Avilés Canyon in the Cantabrian Sea, Asturias, Spain 244:299 Caryophillidae) collected at 1500 m depth in the Avilés Canyon in the Cantabrian Sea, Asturias, Spain. 25667397 4 4 theme optimum 434:440 arg1 % 449:449 optimum 0.5-3.0% 434:449 optimum 0.5-3.0% 434:449 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 4 4 theme optimum 434:440 arg1 NaCl 428:431 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl 412:431 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%) 412:450 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 16 5 theme ecological 1666:1675 arg1 characteristics 1694:1708 phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics 1643:1708 phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics 1643:1708 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 11 6 theme gene 1253:1256 arg1 CD12E2-27 1224:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27 1194:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1194:1277 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 11 6 theme gene 1253:1256 arg1 similarity 1267:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 15 7 theme antibiotic 1572:1581 arg1 production 1583:1592 antibiotic production 1572:1592 antibiotic production 1572:1592 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antibiotic production in the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 11 8 theme 16S 1244:1246 arg1 CD12E2-27 1224:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27 1194:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1194:1277 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 11 8 theme 16S 1244:1246 arg1 similarity 1267:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 9 9 theme genomic 940:946 arg1 content 956:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.4 mol%. 25667397 9 9 theme genomic 940:946 arg1 % 976:976 72.4 mol% 968:976 72.4 mol% 968:976 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.4 mol%. 25667397 6 10 theme unknown 770:776 arg1 glycolipids 778:788 seven unknown glycolipids 764:788 seven unknown glycolipids 764:788 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and seven unknown glycolipids. 25667397 3 11 theme m 233:233 arg1 depth 235:239 1500 m depth 228:239 1500 m depth in the Avilés Canyon in the Cantabrian Sea, Asturias, Spain 228:299 Caryophillidae) collected at 1500 m depth in the Avilés Canyon in the Cantabrian Sea, Asturias, Spain. 25667397 13 12 theme antibiotic 1387:1396 arg1 activity 1398:1405 antibiotic activity 1387:1405 antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli , Micrococcus luteus ATCC 14452 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var 1387:1495 The isolate showed antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli , Micrococcus luteus ATCC 14452 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. 25667397 5 13 theme unknown 524:530 arg1 component 543:551 one unknown amino acid component 520:551 one unknown amino acid component 520:551 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 13 theme unknown 524:530 arg1 acids 491:495 the amino acids Lys 481:499 the amino acids Lys 481:499 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 9 14 theme G+C 952:954 arg1 content 956:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.4 mol%. 25667397 9 14 theme G+C 952:954 arg1 % 976:976 72.4 mol% 968:976 72.4 mol% 968:976 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.4 mol%. 25667397 6 15 theme unknown 734:740 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 742:758 an unknown phosphoglycolipid 731:758 an unknown phosphoglycolipid 731:758 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and seven unknown glycolipids. 25667397 3 16 theme Avilés 248:253 arg1 Canyon 255:260 the Avilés Canyon 244:260 the Avilés Canyon in the Cantabrian Sea, Asturias, Spain 244:299 Caryophillidae) collected at 1500 m depth in the Avilés Canyon in the Cantabrian Sea, Asturias, Spain. 25667397 11 17 theme Myceligenerans 1194:1207 arg1 CD12E2-27 1224:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27 1194:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1194:1277 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 11 17 theme Myceligenerans 1194:1207 arg1 similarity 1267:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 11 17 theme Myceligenerans 1194:1207 arg1 T 1234:1234 T 1234:1234 T 1234:1234 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 9 18 theme mol 973:975 arg1 content 956:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.4 mol%. 25667397 9 18 theme mol 973:975 arg1 % 976:976 72.4 mol% 968:976 72.4 mol% 968:976 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.4 mol%. 25667397 7 19 theme predominant 795:805 arg1 MK-9 825:828 MK-9 825:828 MK-9 825:828 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6). 25667397 7 19 theme predominant 795:805 arg1 menaquinones 807:818 The predominant menaquinones 791:818 The predominant menaquinones 791:818 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6). 25667397 11 20 theme rRNA 1119:1122 arg1 sequences 1129:1137 16S rRNA gene sequences 1115:1137 16S rRNA gene sequences 1115:1137 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 4 21 theme optimum 376:382 arg1 °C 372:373 4 and 37 °C 363:373 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) 363:389 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 4 21 theme optimum 376:382 arg1 °C 387:388 optimum 28 °C 376:388 optimum 28 °C 376:388 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 5 22 theme type 570:573 arg1 A4α 575:577 type A4α 570:577 type A4α 570:577 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 16 23 theme Myceligenerans 1763:1776 arg1 species 1742:1748 a novel species 1734:1748 a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp 1734:1808 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 5 24 theme acid 538:541 arg1 component 543:551 one unknown amino acid component 520:551 one unknown amino acid component 520:551 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 24 theme acid 538:541 arg1 acids 491:495 the amino acids Lys 481:499 the amino acids Lys 481:499 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 16 25 theme Myceligenerans 1780:1793 arg1 Myceligenerans 1763:1776 the genus Myceligenerans 1753:1776 the genus Myceligenerans 1753:1776 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 16 25 theme Myceligenerans 1780:1793 arg1 sp 1807:1808 Myceligenerans cantabricum sp 1780:1808 Myceligenerans cantabricum sp 1780:1808 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 11 26 dep Myceligenerans 1194:1207 arg1 crystallogenes 1209:1222 crystallogenes 1209:1222 crystallogenes 1209:1222 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 17 27 theme 8512 1840:1843 arg1 T 1860:1860 T 1860:1860 T 1860:1860 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 17 27 theme 8512 1840:1843 arg1 28392 1854:1858  = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392 1832:1858  = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T) 1832:1861 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 10 28 theme chemotaxonomic 983:996 arg1 properties 998:1007 The chemotaxonomic properties 979:1007 The chemotaxonomic properties 979:1007 The chemotaxonomic properties supported the affiliation of strain M-201(T) to the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 12 29 theme above 1348:1352 arg1 strain 1354:1359 the above strain 1344:1359 the above strain (48%) 1344:1365 However, it had a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value with the above strain (48%). 25667397 12 29 theme above 1348:1352 arg1 % 1364:1364 48% 1362:1364 48% 1362:1364 However, it had a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value with the above strain (48%). 25667397 15 30 theme production 1583:1592 arg1 report 1562:1567 the first report 1552:1567 the first report of antibiotic production in the genus Myceligenerans 1552:1620 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antibiotic production in the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 15 30 theme production 1583:1592 arg1 this 1544:1547 this 1544:1547 this 1544:1547 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antibiotic production in the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 17 31 theme T 1845:1845 arg1 T 1860:1860 T 1860:1860 T 1860:1860 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 17 31 theme T 1845:1845 arg1 28392 1854:1858  = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392 1832:1858  = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T) 1832:1861 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 8 32 theme cellular 854:861 arg1 acids 869:873 Major cellular fatty acids 848:873 Major cellular fatty acids 848:873 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 25667397 1 33 theme cold-water 89:98 arg1 coral 100:104 a deep cold-water coral 82:104 a deep cold-water coral 82:104 nov., a barotolerant actinobacterium isolated from a deep cold-water coral. 25667397 12 34 theme low 1309:1311 arg1 value 1333:1337 a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value 1296:1337 a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value 1296:1337 However, it had a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value with the above strain (48%). 25667397 17 35 dep nov. 1811:1814 arg1 with 1817:1820 with 1817:1820 with 1817:1820 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 17 36 theme  = DSM 1847:1852 arg1 T 1860:1860 T 1860:1860 T 1860:1860 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 17 36 theme  = DSM 1847:1852 arg1 28392 1854:1858  = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392 1832:1858  = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T) 1832:1861 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 12 37 theme relatedness 1321:1331 arg1 value 1333:1337 a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value 1296:1337 a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value 1296:1337 However, it had a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value with the above strain (48%). 25667397 13 38 dep cerevisiae 1482:1491 arg1 var 1493:1495 var 1493:1495 Saccharomyces cerevisiae var 1468:1495 The isolate showed antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli , Micrococcus luteus ATCC 14452 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. 25667397 4 39 theme Strain 302:307 arg1 T 315:315 T 315:315 T 315:315 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 4 39 theme Strain 302:307 arg1 M-201 309:313 Strain M-201 302:313 Strain M-201(T) 302:316 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 2 40 dep strain 126:131 arg1 T 140:140 T 140:140 T 140:140 An actinobacterium strain (M-201(T)) was isolated from a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam. 25667397 2 40 dep strain 126:131 arg1 M-201 134:138 M-201 134:138 M-201(T) 134:141 An actinobacterium strain (M-201(T)) was isolated from a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam. 25667397 16 41 theme species 1742:1748 arg1 proposal 1722:1729 the proposal 1718:1729 the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp 1718:1808 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 2 42 theme scleractinian 173:185 arg1 Fam 194:196 a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam 162:196 a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam 162:196 An actinobacterium strain (M-201(T)) was isolated from a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam. 25667397 10 43 theme strain 1038:1043 arg1 T 1051:1051 T 1051:1051 T 1051:1051 The chemotaxonomic properties supported the affiliation of strain M-201(T) to the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 10 43 theme strain 1038:1043 arg1 M-201 1045:1049 strain M-201 1038:1049 strain M-201(T) 1038:1052 The chemotaxonomic properties supported the affiliation of strain M-201(T) to the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 0 44 dep sp 27:28 arg1 Myceligenerans 0:13 Myceligenerans 0:13 Myceligenerans 0:13 Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 11 45 theme Phylogenetic 1084:1095 arg1 analysis 1097:1104 Phylogenetic analysis 1084:1104 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1084:1137 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 1 46 theme barotolerant 39:50 arg1 actinobacterium 52:66 a barotolerant actinobacterium 37:66 a barotolerant actinobacterium 37:66 nov., a barotolerant actinobacterium isolated from a deep cold-water coral. 25667397 1 46 theme barotolerant 39:50 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., a barotolerant actinobacterium isolated from a deep cold-water coral. 25667397 5 47 theme amino 485:489 arg1 component 543:551 one unknown amino acid component 520:551 one unknown amino acid component 520:551 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 47 theme amino 485:489 arg1 acids 491:495 the amino acids Lys 481:499 the amino acids Lys 481:499 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 47 theme amino 485:489 arg1 Ala 502:504 Ala 502:504 Ala 502:504 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 47 theme amino 485:489 arg1 Glu 512:514 Glu 512:514 Glu 512:514 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 47 theme amino 485:489 arg1 Thr 507:509 Thr 507:509 Thr 507:509 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 48 contain contained 471:479 arg2 Ala 502:504 Ala 502:504 Ala 502:504 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 48 contain contained 471:479 arg2 acids 491:495 the amino acids Lys 481:499 the amino acids Lys 481:499 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 48 contain contained 471:479 arg1 peptidoglycan 457:469 The peptidoglycan 453:469 The peptidoglycan 453:469 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 48 contain contained 471:479 arg2 Thr 507:509 Thr 507:509 Thr 507:509 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 48 contain contained 471:479 arg2 Glu 512:514 Glu 512:514 Glu 512:514 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 48 contain contained 471:479 arg2 component 543:551 one unknown amino acid component 520:551 one unknown amino acid component 520:551 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 11 49 theme 16S 1115:1117 arg1 sequences 1129:1137 16S rRNA gene sequences 1115:1137 16S rRNA gene sequences 1115:1137 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 11 50 theme % 1242:1242 arg1 CD12E2-27 1224:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27 1194:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1194:1277 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 11 50 theme % 1242:1242 arg1 similarity 1267:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 15 51 from report 1562:1567 arg1 Myceligenerans 1607:1620 the genus Myceligenerans 1597:1620 the genus Myceligenerans 1597:1620 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antibiotic production in the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 3 52 theme 1500 228:231 arg1 m 233:233 m 233:233 m 233:233 Caryophillidae) collected at 1500 m depth in the Avilés Canyon in the Cantabrian Sea, Asturias, Spain. 25667397 11 53 theme sequence 1258:1265 arg1 CD12E2-27 1224:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27 1194:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1194:1277 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 11 53 theme sequence 1258:1265 arg1 similarity 1267:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 15 54 theme first 1556:1560 arg1 report 1562:1567 the first report 1552:1567 the first report of antibiotic production in the genus Myceligenerans 1552:1620 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antibiotic production in the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 15 54 theme first 1556:1560 arg1 this 1544:1547 this 1544:1547 this 1544:1547 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antibiotic production in the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 11 55 theme rRNA 1248:1251 arg1 CD12E2-27 1224:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27 1194:1232 Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1194:1277 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 11 55 theme rRNA 1248:1251 arg1 similarity 1267:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1238:1276 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 9 56 theme DNA 948:950 arg1 content 956:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content 936:962 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.4 mol%. 25667397 9 56 theme DNA 948:950 arg1 % 976:976 72.4 mol% 968:976 72.4 mol% 968:976 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.4 mol%. 25667397 4 57 theme optimum 338:344 arg1 pH 346:347 optimum pH 7.0 338:351 optimum pH 7.0 338:351 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 4 57 theme optimum 338:344 arg1 pH 326:327 pH 6.0-9.0 326:335 pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) 326:352 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 5 58 theme amino 532:536 arg1 component 543:551 one unknown amino acid component 520:551 one unknown amino acid component 520:551 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 58 theme amino 532:536 arg1 acids 491:495 the amino acids Lys 481:499 the amino acids Lys 481:499 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 16 59 theme phenotypic 1643:1652 arg1 characteristics 1694:1708 phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics 1643:1708 phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics 1643:1708 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 10 60 theme genus 1061:1065 arg1 Myceligenerans 1067:1080 the genus Myceligenerans 1057:1080 the genus Myceligenerans 1057:1080 The chemotaxonomic properties supported the affiliation of strain M-201(T) to the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 16 61 theme genus 1757:1761 arg1 Myceligenerans 1763:1776 the genus Myceligenerans 1753:1776 the genus Myceligenerans 1753:1776 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 16 61 theme genus 1757:1761 arg1 sp 1807:1808 Myceligenerans cantabricum sp 1780:1808 Myceligenerans cantabricum sp 1780:1808 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 17 62 theme  = CECT 1832:1838 arg1 T 1860:1860 T 1860:1860 T 1860:1860 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 17 62 theme  = CECT 1832:1838 arg1 28392 1854:1858  = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392 1832:1858  = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T) 1832:1861 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 8 63 theme Major 848:852 arg1 acids 869:873 Major cellular fatty acids 848:873 Major cellular fatty acids 848:873 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 25667397 16 64 theme metabolic 1655:1663 arg1 characteristics 1694:1708 phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics 1643:1708 phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics 1643:1708 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 17 65 theme type 1871:1874 arg1 strain 1876:1881 the type strain 1867:1881 the type strain 1867:1881 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 15 66 theme genus 1601:1605 arg1 Myceligenerans 1607:1620 the genus Myceligenerans 1597:1620 the genus Myceligenerans 1597:1620 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antibiotic production in the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 11 67 theme gene 1124:1127 arg1 sequences 1129:1137 16S rRNA gene sequences 1115:1137 16S rRNA gene sequences 1115:1137 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans crystallogenes CD12E2-27(T) (98.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 25667397 0 68 theme cantabricum 15:25 arg1 sp 27:28 cantabricum sp 15:28 cantabricum sp 15:28 Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 8 69 theme fatty 863:867 arg1 acids 869:873 Major cellular fatty acids 848:873 Major cellular fatty acids 848:873 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 25667397 1 70 theme deep 84:87 arg1 coral 100:104 a deep cold-water coral 82:104 a deep cold-water coral 82:104 nov., a barotolerant actinobacterium isolated from a deep cold-water coral. 25667397 4 71 theme % 420:420 arg1 % 449:449 optimum 0.5-3.0% 434:449 optimum 0.5-3.0% 434:449 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 4 71 theme % 420:420 arg1 NaCl 428:431 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl 412:431 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%) 412:450 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 16 72 theme cantabricum 1795:1805 arg1 Myceligenerans 1763:1776 the genus Myceligenerans 1753:1776 the genus Myceligenerans 1753:1776 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 16 72 theme cantabricum 1795:1805 arg1 sp 1807:1808 Myceligenerans cantabricum sp 1780:1808 Myceligenerans cantabricum sp 1780:1808 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 16 73 from differences 1628:1638 arg1 characteristics 1694:1708 phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics 1643:1708 phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics 1643:1708 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 16 74 theme phylogenetic 1681:1692 arg1 characteristics 1694:1708 phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics 1643:1708 phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics 1643:1708 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 2 75 attach isolated 148:155 arg1 Fam 194:196 a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam 162:196 a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam 162:196 An actinobacterium strain (M-201(T)) was isolated from a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam. 25667397 2 75 attach isolated 148:155 arg2 strain 126:131 An actinobacterium strain 107:131 An actinobacterium strain (M-201(T)) 107:142 An actinobacterium strain (M-201(T)) was isolated from a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam. 25667397 5 76 dep acids 491:495 arg1 Lys 497:499 Lys 497:499 Lys 497:499 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 4 77 theme w/v 423:425 arg1 % 449:449 optimum 0.5-3.0% 434:449 optimum 0.5-3.0% 434:449 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 4 77 theme w/v 423:425 arg1 NaCl 428:431 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl 412:431 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%) 412:450 Strain M-201(T) grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at salinities of 0.5-10.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-3.0%). 25667397 6 78 theme polar 645:649 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 663:684 diphosphatidylglycerol 663:684 diphosphatidylglycerol 663:684 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and seven unknown glycolipids. 25667397 6 78 theme polar 645:649 arg1 lipids 651:656 The polar lipids 641:656 The polar lipids 641:656 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and seven unknown glycolipids. 25667397 12 79 theme DNA-DNA 1313:1319 arg1 value 1333:1337 a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value 1296:1337 a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value 1296:1337 However, it had a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value with the above strain (48%). 25667397 17 80 dep M-201 1822:1826 arg1 28392 1854:1858  = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392 1832:1858  = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T) 1832:1861 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 17 80 dep M-201 1822:1826 arg1 T 1860:1860 T 1860:1860 T 1860:1860 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 17 80 dep M-201 1822:1826 arg1 strain 1876:1881 the type strain 1867:1881 the type strain 1867:1881 nov., with M-201(T) ( = CECT 8512(T) = DSM 28392(T)) as the type strain. 25667397 3 81 dep Spain 295:299 arg1 Asturias 285:292 Asturias 285:292 Asturias 285:292 Caryophillidae) collected at 1500 m depth in the Avilés Canyon in the Cantabrian Sea, Asturias, Spain. 25667397 2 82 theme coral 187:191 arg1 Fam 194:196 a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam 162:196 a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam 162:196 An actinobacterium strain (M-201(T)) was isolated from a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam. 25667397 10 83 theme M-201 1045:1049 arg1 affiliation 1023:1033 the affiliation 1019:1033 the affiliation of strain M-201(T) to the genus Myceligenerans 1019:1080 The chemotaxonomic properties supported the affiliation of strain M-201(T) to the genus Myceligenerans . 25667397 13 84 dep luteus 1446:1451 arg1 ATCC 1453:1456 ATCC 14452 1453:1462 Micrococcus luteus ATCC 14452 1434:1462 The isolate showed antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli , Micrococcus luteus ATCC 14452 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. 25667397 16 85 theme novel 1736:1740 arg1 species 1742:1748 a novel species 1734:1748 a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp 1734:1808 The differences in phenotypic, metabolic, ecological and phylogenetic characteristics justify the proposal of a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans , Myceligenerans cantabricum sp. 25667397 2 86 theme deep-sea 164:171 arg1 Fam 194:196 a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam 162:196 a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam 162:196 An actinobacterium strain (M-201(T)) was isolated from a deep-sea scleractinian coral (Fam. 25667397 12 87 contain had 1292:1294 arg1 it 1289:1290 it 1289:1290 it 1289:1290 However, it had a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value with the above strain (48%). 25667397 12 87 contain had 1292:1294 arg2 value 1333:1337 a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value 1296:1337 a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value 1296:1337 However, it had a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value with the above strain (48%). 25667397 3 88 from Canyon 255:260 arg1 Spain 295:299 Spain 295:299 Spain 295:299 Caryophillidae) collected at 1500 m depth in the Avilés Canyon in the Cantabrian Sea, Asturias, Spain. 25667397 5 89 theme cell-wall 588:596 arg1 sugars 598:603 the cell-wall sugars 584:603 the cell-wall sugars 584:603 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25667397 5 89 theme cell-wall 588:596 arg1 glucose 609:615 glucose 609:615 glucose 609:615 The peptidoglycan contained the amino acids Lys, Ala, Thr, Glu and one unknown amino acid component, and belonged to type A4α, and the cell-wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. 25465540 13 0 theme milk 2364:2367 arg1 milk 2364:2367 milk 2364:2367 milk 2364:2367 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 13 0 theme milk 2364:2367 arg1 14.1 2340:2343 14.1 2340:2343 14.1 2340:2343 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 0 1 theme concentration 25:37 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 0:164 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 2 2 theme FO 697:698 arg1 supplement 700:709 FO supplement 697:709 FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis) 697:731 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 3 3 dep starch 926:931 arg1 3 918:918 3 918:918 3 918:918 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 9 4 theme milk 1586:1589 arg1 fat 1591:1593 milk fat 1586:1593 milk fat 1586:1593 Milk fat was affected by the interaction between dietary starch and FO: milk fat decreased only in the HSO diet. 25465540 1 5 theme diets 219:223 arg1 effects 208:214 the effects 204:214 the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows 204:427 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 12 6 theme 67.1 2099:2102 arg1 % 2103:2103 53.7 vs. 67.1% 2090:2103 % 2103:2103 High-starch diets negatively influenced all digestibility parameters measured except starch, whereas FO improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively, and ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively). 25465540 12 7 theme ether 2061:2065 arg1 extract 2067:2073 ether extract digestibility 2061:2087 ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively) 2061:2148 High-starch diets negatively influenced all digestibility parameters measured except starch, whereas FO improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively, and ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively). 25465540 2 8 theme DM 723:724 arg1 basis 726:730 a DM basis 721:730 a DM basis 721:730 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 1 9 theme different 230:238 arg1 concentrations 247:260 different starch concentrations 230:260 different starch concentrations 230:260 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 8 10 dep trend 1401:1405 arg1 29.2 1438:1441 29.2 1438:1441 29.2 1438:1441 We observed a trend for FO to increase milk yield: 29.2 and 27.5kg/d, on average, for diets with and without FO, respectively. 25465540 8 10 dep trend 1401:1405 arg1 27.5kg/d 1447:1454 27.5kg/d 1447:1454 27.5kg/d 1447:1454 We observed a trend for FO to increase milk yield: 29.2 and 27.5kg/d, on average, for diets with and without FO, respectively. 25465540 3 11 theme high 947:950 arg1 starch 952:957 (4) high starch 943:957 (4) high starch 943:957 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 11 theme high 947:950 arg1 periods 857:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods 838:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO) 838:971 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 2 12 theme starch 550:555 arg1 [low 557:560 dietary starch [low 542:560 dietary starch [low 542:560 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 13 theme detergent 623:631 arg1 ratios 646:651 neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios 615:651 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12 572:666 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 1 14 theme dairy 418:422 arg1 cows 424:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 12 15 theme High-starch 1845:1855 arg1 diets 1857:1861 High-starch diets 1845:1861 High-starch diets 1845:1861 High-starch diets negatively influenced all digestibility parameters measured except starch, whereas FO improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively, and ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively). 25465540 14 16 theme ECM 2418:2420 arg1 kilogram 2406:2413 kilogram 2406:2413 kilogram of ECM 2406:2420 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 3 17 theme high 921:924 arg1 HS 934:935 HS 934:935 HS 934:935 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 17 theme high 921:924 arg1 starch 926:931 (3) high starch 917:931 (3) high starch (HS) 917:936 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 17 theme high 921:924 arg1 periods 857:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods 838:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO) 838:971 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 2 18 dep presence 674:681 arg1 the 670:672 the 670:672 the 670:672 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 11 19 theme acids 1838:1842 arg1 ratio 1802:1806 the n-6:n-3 ratio 1790:1806 the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids 1790:1842 Fish oil supplementation decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids. 25465540 9 20 theme dietary 1563:1569 arg1 starch 1571:1576 dietary starch 1563:1576 dietary starch 1563:1576 Milk fat was affected by the interaction between dietary starch and FO: milk fat decreased only in the HSO diet. 25465540 1 21 theme nutrient 342:349 arg1 digestibility 351:363 in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility 322:363 in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility 322:363 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 13 22 theme CH4 2181:2183 arg1 g/d 2195:2197 g/d 2195:2197 g/d 2195:2197 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 13 22 theme CH4 2181:2183 arg1 emission 2185:2192 lower CH4 emission 2175:2192 lower CH4 emission (g/d) 2175:2198 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 2 23 theme square 474:479 arg1 design 481:486 a 4×4 Latin square design 462:486 a 4×4 Latin square design 462:486 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 23 theme square 474:479 arg1 experiment 434:443 The experiment 430:443 The experiment 430:443 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 11 24 theme polyunsaturated 1816:1830 arg1 acids 1838:1842 milk polyunsaturated fatty acids 1811:1842 milk polyunsaturated fatty acids 1811:1842 Fish oil supplementation decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids. 25465540 4 25 theme forages 1013:1019 arg1 hays 1054:1057 meadow hays 1047:1057 meadow hays 1047:1057 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 25 theme forages 1013:1019 arg1 alfalfa 1035:1041 alfalfa 1035:1041 alfalfa 1035:1041 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 25 theme forages 1013:1019 arg1 forages 1013:1019 forages 1013:1019 forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays) 1013:1058 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 25 theme forages 1013:1019 arg1 silage 1027:1032 corn silage 1022:1032 corn silage 1022:1032 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 25 theme forages 1013:1019 arg1 amount 1003:1008 the same amount 994:1008 the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays) 994:1058 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 12 26 theme digestibility 1889:1901 arg1 parameters 1903:1912 all digestibility parameters 1885:1912 all digestibility parameters measured except starch 1885:1935 High-starch diets negatively influenced all digestibility parameters measured except starch, whereas FO improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively, and ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively). 25465540 4 27 theme corn 1022:1025 arg1 forages 1013:1019 forages 1013:1019 forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays) 1013:1058 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 27 theme corn 1022:1025 arg1 silage 1027:1032 corn silage 1022:1032 corn silage 1022:1032 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 1 28 from effects 208:214 arg1 emissions 395:403 methane (CH4) emissions 381:403 methane (CH4) emissions 381:403 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 28 from effects 208:214 arg1 performance 309:319 lactation performance 299:319 lactation performance 299:319 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 28 from effects 208:214 arg1 digestibility 351:363 in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility 322:363 in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility 322:363 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 28 from effects 208:214 arg1 balance 368:374 N balance 366:374 N balance 366:374 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 2 29 dep % 585:585 arg1 ratios 646:651 neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios 615:651 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12 572:666 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 29 dep % 585:585 arg1 1.12 663:666 1.12 663:666 1.12 663:666 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 29 dep % 585:585 arg1 1.47 654:657 1.47 654:657 1.47 654:657 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 30 theme 2×2 495:497 arg1 arrangement 509:519 a 2×2 factorial arrangement 493:519 a 2×2 factorial arrangement 493:519 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 5 31 theme starch 1065:1070 arg1 concentration 1072:1084 The starch concentration 1061:1084 The starch concentration 1061:1084 The starch concentration was balanced using different proportions of corn meal and soybean hulls. 25465540 2 32 theme dry 592:594 arg1 basis 608:612 a dry matter (DM) basis 590:612 a dry matter (DM) basis 590:612 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 13 33 with trend 2165:2169 arg1 diets 2250:2254 the high-starch diets 2234:2254 the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively 2234:2381 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 6 34 theme open-circuit 1207:1218 arg1 chambers 1232:1239 open-circuit respiration chambers 1207:1239 open-circuit respiration chambers 1207:1239 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 7 35 theme DM 1376:1377 arg1 intake 1379:1384 DM intake 1376:1384 DM intake 1376:1384 No differences among treatments were observed for DM intake. 25465540 11 36 theme Fish 1755:1758 arg1 supplementation 1764:1778 Fish oil supplementation 1755:1778 Fish oil supplementation 1755:1778 Fish oil supplementation decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids. 25465540 6 37 theme separate 1300:1307 arg1 urine 1309:1313 separate urine 1300:1313 separate urine 1300:1313 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 2 38 from % 585:585 arg1 basis 608:612 a dry matter (DM) basis 590:612 a dry matter (DM) basis 590:612 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 0 39 theme supplementation 52:66 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 0:164 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 8 40 theme milk 1426:1429 arg1 yield 1431:1435 milk yield 1426:1435 milk yield 1426:1435 We observed a trend for FO to increase milk yield: 29.2 and 27.5kg/d, on average, for diets with and without FO, respectively. 25465540 0 41 theme lactating 144:152 arg1 cows 160:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 4 42 contain contained 984:992 arg2 forages 1013:1019 forages 1013:1019 forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays) 1013:1058 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 42 contain contained 984:992 arg2 hays 1054:1057 meadow hays 1047:1057 meadow hays 1047:1057 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 42 contain contained 984:992 arg2 amount 1003:1008 the same amount 994:1008 the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays) 994:1058 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 42 contain contained 984:992 arg1 diets 978:982 The diets 974:982 The diets 974:982 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 42 contain contained 984:992 arg2 silage 1027:1032 corn silage 1022:1032 corn silage 1022:1032 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 42 contain contained 984:992 arg2 alfalfa 1035:1041 alfalfa 1035:1041 alfalfa 1035:1041 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 0 43 theme milk 71:74 arg1 yield 76:80 milk yield 71:80 milk yield 71:80 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 44 theme lactation 299:307 arg1 performance 309:319 lactation performance 299:319 lactation performance 299:319 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 6 45 theme urine 1309:1313 arg1 measurement 1250:1260 measurement 1250:1260 measurement of CH4 emission 1250:1276 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 6 45 theme urine 1309:1313 arg1 collection 1286:1295 the collection 1282:1295 the collection of separate urine and feces 1282:1323 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 12 46 dep extract 2067:2073 arg1 % 2103:2103 53.7 vs. 67.1% 2090:2103 % 2103:2103 High-starch diets negatively influenced all digestibility parameters measured except starch, whereas FO improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively, and ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively). 25465540 2 47 theme 4×4 464:466 arg1 design 481:486 a 4×4 Latin square design 462:486 a 4×4 Latin square design 462:486 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 47 theme 4×4 464:466 arg1 experiment 434:443 The experiment 430:443 The experiment 430:443 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 0 48 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 86:96 composition 86:96 composition 86:96 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 0 48 from Effect 0:5 arg1 yield 76:80 milk yield 71:80 milk yield 71:80 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 5 49 theme meal 1135:1138 arg1 proportions 1115:1125 different proportions 1105:1125 different proportions of corn meal and soybean hulls 1105:1156 The starch concentration was balanced using different proportions of corn meal and soybean hulls. 25465540 3 50 theme following 817:825 arg1 diets 829:833 the following 4 diets 813:833 the following 4 diets 813:833 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 10 51 theme LS 1746:1747 arg1 diet 1749:1752 the LS diet 1742:1752 the LS diet 1742:1752 Energy-corrected milk (ECM) was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO on the LS diet. 25465540 2 52 theme high 566:569 arg1 concentrations 524:537 2 concentrations 522:537 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12] 522:667 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 52 theme high 566:569 arg1 presence 674:681 presence 674:681 presence 674:681 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 52 theme high 566:569 arg1 interaction 744:754 their interaction 738:754 their interaction 738:754 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 52 theme high 566:569 arg1 absence 686:692 absence 686:692 absence 686:692 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 1 53 from digestibility 351:363 arg1 cows 424:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 6 54 theme emission 1269:1276 arg1 measurement 1250:1260 measurement 1250:1260 measurement of CH4 emission 1250:1276 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 6 54 theme emission 1269:1276 arg1 collection 1286:1295 the collection 1282:1295 the collection of separate urine and feces 1282:1323 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 5 55 theme different 1105:1113 arg1 proportions 1115:1125 different proportions 1105:1125 different proportions of corn meal and soybean hulls 1105:1156 The starch concentration was balanced using different proportions of corn meal and soybean hulls. 25465540 9 56 theme HSO 1617:1619 arg1 diet 1621:1624 the HSO diet 1613:1624 the HSO diet 1613:1624 Milk fat was affected by the interaction between dietary starch and FO: milk fat decreased only in the HSO diet. 25465540 1 57 theme starch 240:245 arg1 concentrations 247:260 different starch concentrations 230:260 different starch concentrations 230:260 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 0 58 theme dietary 10:16 arg1 concentration 25:37 dietary starch concentration 10:37 dietary starch concentration 10:37 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 59 from performance 309:319 arg1 cows 424:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 60 theme oil 271:273 arg1 supplementation 280:294 fish oil (FO) supplementation 266:294 fish oil (FO) supplementation 266:294 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 3 61 dep starch 874:879 arg1 1 867:867 1 867:867 1 867:867 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 10 62 theme FO 1736:1737 arg1 effect 1726:1731 a positive effect 1715:1731 a positive effect of FO on the LS diet 1715:1752 Energy-corrected milk (ECM) was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO on the LS diet. 25465540 12 63 theme detergent 1966:1974 arg1 digestibility 1982:1994 neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% 1958:2010 digestibility 1982:1994 High-starch diets negatively influenced all digestibility parameters measured except starch, whereas FO improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively, and ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively). 25465540 5 64 theme soybean 1144:1150 arg1 hulls 1152:1156 soybean hulls 1144:1156 soybean hulls 1144:1156 The starch concentration was balanced using different proportions of corn meal and soybean hulls. 25465540 14 65 theme FO 2503:2504 arg1 effect 2493:2498 a positive effect 2482:2498 a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively 2482:2591 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 0 66 theme fish 43:46 arg1 oil 48:50 fish oil 43:50 fish oil supplementation 43:66 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 13 67 dep diets 2285:2289 arg1 415g/d 2303:2308 415g/d 2303:2308 415g/d 2303:2308 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 13 67 dep diets 2285:2289 arg1 milk 2364:2367 milk 2364:2367 milk 2364:2367 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 13 67 dep diets 2285:2289 arg1 396 2292:2294 396 2292:2294 396 2292:2294 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 13 67 dep diets 2285:2289 arg1 14.1 2340:2343 14.1 2340:2343 14.1 2340:2343 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 1 68 dep in 322:323 arg1 vivo 325:328 vivo 325:328 vivo 325:328 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 11 69 theme n-3 1798:1800 arg1 ratio 1802:1806 the n-6:n-3 ratio 1790:1806 the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids 1790:1842 Fish oil supplementation decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids. 25465540 14 70 theme LSO 2569:2571 arg1 diets 2573:2577 LSO diets 2569:2577 LSO diets 2569:2577 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 3 71 theme low 891:893 arg1 LSO 911:913 LSO 911:913 LSO 911:913 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 71 theme low 891:893 arg1 starch 895:900 (2) low starch 887:900 (2) low starch 887:900 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 71 theme low 891:893 arg1 periods 857:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods 838:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO) 838:971 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 9 72 theme Milk 1514:1517 arg1 fat 1519:1521 Milk fat 1514:1521 Milk fat 1514:1521 Milk fat was affected by the interaction between dietary starch and FO: milk fat decreased only in the HSO diet. 25465540 14 73 theme CH4/kg 2544:2549 arg1 CH4/kg 2544:2549 CH4/kg 2544:2549 CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively 2544:2591 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 14 73 theme CH4/kg 2544:2549 arg1 14.5 2523:2526 14.5 2523:2526 14.5 2523:2526 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 1 74 from emissions 395:403 arg1 cows 424:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 2 75 theme supplement 700:709 arg1 concentrations 524:537 2 concentrations 522:537 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12] 522:667 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 75 theme supplement 700:709 arg1 presence 674:681 presence 674:681 presence 674:681 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 75 theme supplement 700:709 arg1 interaction 744:754 their interaction 738:754 their interaction 738:754 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 75 theme supplement 700:709 arg1 absence 686:692 absence 686:692 absence 686:692 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 0 76 from digestibility 104:116 arg1 cows 160:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 14 77 theme ECM 2554:2556 arg1 CH4/kg 2544:2549 CH4/kg 2544:2549 CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively 2544:2591 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 4 78 dep forages 1013:1019 arg1 alfalfa 1035:1041 alfalfa 1035:1041 alfalfa 1035:1041 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 78 dep forages 1013:1019 arg1 hays 1054:1057 meadow hays 1047:1057 meadow hays 1047:1057 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 78 dep forages 1013:1019 arg1 silage 1027:1032 corn silage 1022:1032 corn silage 1022:1032 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 78 dep forages 1013:1019 arg1 forages 1013:1019 forages 1013:1019 forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays) 1013:1058 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 3 79 theme diets 829:833 arg1 diets 829:833 the following 4 diets 813:833 the following 4 diets 813:833 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 79 theme diets 829:833 arg1 1 808:808 1 808:808 1 808:808 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 4 80 theme same 998:1001 arg1 hays 1054:1057 meadow hays 1047:1057 meadow hays 1047:1057 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 80 theme same 998:1001 arg1 alfalfa 1035:1041 alfalfa 1035:1041 alfalfa 1035:1041 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 80 theme same 998:1001 arg1 forages 1013:1019 forages 1013:1019 forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays) 1013:1058 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 80 theme same 998:1001 arg1 silage 1027:1032 corn silage 1022:1032 corn silage 1022:1032 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 80 theme same 998:1001 arg1 amount 1003:1008 the same amount 994:1008 the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays) 994:1058 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 1 81 theme CH4 390:392 arg1 emissions 395:403 methane (CH4) emissions 381:403 methane (CH4) emissions 381:403 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 3 82 dep periods 857:863 arg1 HS 934:935 HS 934:935 HS 934:935 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 82 dep periods 857:863 arg1 starch 895:900 (2) low starch 887:900 (2) low starch 887:900 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 82 dep periods 857:863 arg1 starch 952:957 (4) high starch 943:957 (4) high starch 943:957 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 82 dep periods 857:863 arg1 periods 857:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods 838:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO) 838:971 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 82 dep periods 857:863 arg1 FO 964:965 FO 964:965 FO (HSO) 964:971 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 82 dep periods 857:863 arg1 LSO 911:913 LSO 911:913 LSO 911:913 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 82 dep periods 857:863 arg1 starch 874:879 (1) low starch 866:879 (1) low starch (LS) 866:884 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 82 dep periods 857:863 arg1 HSO 968:970 HSO 968:970 HSO 968:970 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 82 dep periods 857:863 arg1 starch 926:931 (3) high starch 917:931 (3) high starch (HS) 917:936 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 82 dep periods 857:863 arg1 LS 882:883 LS 882:883 LS 882:883 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 2 83 dep supplement 700:709 arg1 % 716:716 0.80% 712:716 0.80% on a DM basis 712:730 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 0 84 from emissions 131:139 arg1 cows 160:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 14 85 dep FO 2503:2504 arg1 CH4/kg 2544:2549 CH4/kg 2544:2549 CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively 2544:2591 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 14 85 dep FO 2503:2504 arg1 13.3g 2535:2539 13.3g 2535:2539 13.3g 2535:2539 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 14 85 dep FO 2503:2504 arg1 14.5 2523:2526 14.5 2523:2526 14.5 2523:2526 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 2 86 theme [low 557:560 arg1 concentrations 524:537 2 concentrations 522:537 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12] 522:667 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 86 theme [low 557:560 arg1 presence 674:681 presence 674:681 presence 674:681 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 86 theme [low 557:560 arg1 interaction 744:754 their interaction 738:754 their interaction 738:754 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 86 theme [low 557:560 arg1 absence 686:692 absence 686:692 absence 686:692 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 3 87 theme 26-d 852:855 arg1 starch 895:900 (2) low starch 887:900 (2) low starch 887:900 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 87 theme 26-d 852:855 arg1 starch 952:957 (4) high starch 943:957 (4) high starch 943:957 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 87 theme 26-d 852:855 arg1 FO 907:908 FO 907:908 FO 907:908 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 87 theme 26-d 852:855 arg1 periods 857:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods 838:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO) 838:971 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 87 theme 26-d 852:855 arg1 starch 874:879 (1) low starch 866:879 (1) low starch (LS) 866:884 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 87 theme 26-d 852:855 arg1 starch 926:931 (3) high starch 917:931 (3) high starch (HS) 917:936 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 2 88 theme fiber/starch 633:644 arg1 ratios 646:651 neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios 615:651 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12 572:666 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 14 89 theme Methane 2384:2390 arg1 intensity 2392:2400 Methane intensity 2384:2400 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM 2384:2420 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 1 90 theme lactating 408:416 arg1 cows 424:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 2 91 theme dietary 542:548 arg1 [low 557:560 dietary starch [low 542:560 dietary starch [low 542:560 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 11 92 theme fatty 1832:1836 arg1 acids 1838:1842 milk polyunsaturated fatty acids 1811:1842 milk polyunsaturated fatty acids 1811:1842 Fish oil supplementation decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids. 25465540 10 93 from effect 1726:1731 arg1 diet 1749:1752 the LS diet 1742:1752 the LS diet 1742:1752 Energy-corrected milk (ECM) was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO on the LS diet. 25465540 13 94 theme lower 2175:2179 arg1 g/d 2195:2197 g/d 2195:2197 g/d 2195:2197 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 13 94 theme lower 2175:2179 arg1 emission 2185:2192 lower CH4 emission 2175:2192 lower CH4 emission (g/d) 2175:2198 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 0 95 from yield 76:80 arg1 cows 160:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 11 96 theme milk 1811:1814 arg1 acids 1838:1842 milk polyunsaturated fatty acids 1811:1842 milk polyunsaturated fatty acids 1811:1842 Fish oil supplementation decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids. 25465540 0 97 theme methane 123:129 arg1 emissions 131:139 methane emissions 123:139 methane emissions 123:139 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 98 theme study 182:186 arg1 aim 170:172 The aim 166:172 The aim of this study 166:186 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 2 99 theme Latin 468:472 arg1 design 481:486 a 4×4 Latin square design 462:486 a 4×4 Latin square design 462:486 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 99 theme Latin 468:472 arg1 experiment 434:443 The experiment 430:443 The experiment 430:443 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 2 100 theme DM 604:605 arg1 basis 608:612 a dry matter (DM) basis 590:612 a dry matter (DM) basis 590:612 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 1 101 theme N 366:366 arg1 balance 368:374 N balance 366:374 N balance 366:374 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 2 102 theme factorial 499:507 arg1 arrangement 509:519 a 2×2 factorial arrangement 493:519 a 2×2 factorial arrangement 493:519 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 6 103 theme feces 1319:1323 arg1 measurement 1250:1260 measurement 1250:1260 measurement of CH4 emission 1250:1276 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 6 103 theme feces 1319:1323 arg1 collection 1286:1295 the collection 1282:1295 the collection of separate urine and feces 1282:1323 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 3 104 dep starch 952:957 arg1 4 944:944 4 944:944 4 944:944 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 2 105 theme matter 596:601 arg1 basis 608:612 a dry matter (DM) basis 590:612 a dry matter (DM) basis 590:612 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 3 106 theme consecutive 840:850 arg1 starch 895:900 (2) low starch 887:900 (2) low starch 887:900 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 106 theme consecutive 840:850 arg1 starch 952:957 (4) high starch 943:957 (4) high starch 943:957 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 106 theme consecutive 840:850 arg1 FO 907:908 FO 907:908 FO 907:908 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 106 theme consecutive 840:850 arg1 periods 857:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods 838:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO) 838:971 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 106 theme consecutive 840:850 arg1 starch 874:879 (1) low starch 866:879 (1) low starch (LS) 866:884 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 106 theme consecutive 840:850 arg1 starch 926:931 (3) high starch 917:931 (3) high starch (HS) 917:936 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 0 107 theme dairy 154:158 arg1 cows 160:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 6 108 theme respiration 1220:1230 arg1 chambers 1232:1239 open-circuit respiration chambers 1207:1239 open-circuit respiration chambers 1207:1239 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 6 109 dep metabolic 1183:1191 arg1 inside 1200:1205 inside 1200:1205 inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces 1200:1323 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 6 109 dep metabolic 1183:1191 arg1 stalls 1193:1198 stalls 1193:1198 stalls 1193:1198 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 1 110 with diets 219:223 arg1 supplementation 280:294 fish oil (FO) supplementation 266:294 fish oil (FO) supplementation 266:294 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 110 with diets 219:223 arg1 concentrations 247:260 different starch concentrations 230:260 different starch concentrations 230:260 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 0 111 from composition 86:96 arg1 cows 160:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 lactating dairy cows 144:163 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 2 112 theme neutral 615:621 arg1 ratios 646:651 neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios 615:651 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12 572:666 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 1 113 theme methane 381:387 arg1 emissions 395:403 methane (CH4) emissions 381:403 methane (CH4) emissions 381:403 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 11 114 theme oil 1760:1762 arg1 supplementation 1764:1778 Fish oil supplementation 1755:1778 Fish oil supplementation 1755:1778 Fish oil supplementation decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids. 25465540 1 115 from balance 368:374 arg1 cows 424:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 lactating dairy cows 408:427 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 2 116 dep high 566:569 arg1 % 585:585 23.7 and 27.7% 572:585 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12 572:666 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 5 117 theme corn 1130:1133 arg1 meal 1135:1138 corn meal 1130:1138 corn meal 1130:1138 The starch concentration was balanced using different proportions of corn meal and soybean hulls. 25465540 4 118 theme meadow 1047:1052 arg1 hays 1054:1057 meadow hays 1047:1057 meadow hays 1047:1057 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 4 118 theme meadow 1047:1052 arg1 forages 1013:1019 forages 1013:1019 forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays) 1013:1058 The diets contained the same amount of forages (corn silage, alfalfa and meadow hays). 25465540 14 119 theme positive 2484:2491 arg1 effect 2493:2498 a positive effect 2482:2498 a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively 2482:2591 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 13 120 theme low-starch 2274:2283 arg1 diets 2285:2289 the low-starch diets 2270:2289 the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk 2270:2367 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 11 121 theme n-6 1794:1796 arg1 ratio 1802:1806 the n-6:n-3 ratio 1790:1806 the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids 1790:1842 Fish oil supplementation decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids. 25465540 14 122 theme LS 2514:2515 arg1 diet 2517:2520 the LS diet 2510:2520 the LS diet 2510:2520 Methane intensity per kilogram of ECM was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO for the LS diet: 14.5 versus 13.3g of CH4/kg of ECM for LS and LSO diets, respectively. 25465540 0 123 theme diet 99:102 arg1 digestibility 104:116 diet digestibility 99:116 diet digestibility 99:116 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 124 theme in 322:323 arg1 digestibility 351:363 in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility 322:363 in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility 322:363 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 3 125 dep starch 895:900 arg1 2 888:888 2 888:888 2 888:888 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 1 126 theme total-tract 330:340 arg1 digestibility 351:363 in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility 322:363 in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility 322:363 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 3 127 theme low 870:872 arg1 starch 874:879 (1) low starch 866:879 (1) low starch (LS) 866:884 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 127 theme low 870:872 arg1 periods 857:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods 838:863 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO) 838:971 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 3 127 theme low 870:872 arg1 LS 882:883 LS 882:883 LS 882:883 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 6 128 theme CH4 1265:1267 arg1 emission 1269:1276 CH4 emission 1265:1276 CH4 emission 1265:1276 The cows were housed in metabolic stalls inside open-circuit respiration chambers to allow measurement of CH4 emission and the collection of separate urine and feces. 25465540 13 129 from 396 2292:2294 arg1 average 2313:2319 average 2313:2319 average 2313:2319 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 13 130 dep intensity 2204:2212 arg1 g/kg 2215:2218 g/kg 2215:2218 g/kg of milk 2215:2226 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 0 131 theme starch 18:23 arg1 concentration 25:37 dietary starch concentration 10:37 dietary starch concentration 10:37 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 132 theme fish 266:269 arg1 FO 276:277 FO 276:277 FO 276:277 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 1 132 theme fish 266:269 arg1 oil 271:273 fish oil 266:273 fish oil (FO) supplementation 266:294 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different starch concentrations and fish oil (FO) supplementation on lactation performance, in vivo total-tract nutrient digestibility, N balance, and methane (CH4) emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 12 133 theme 53.7 2090:2093 arg1 % 2103:2103 53.7 vs. 67.1% 2090:2103 % 2103:2103 High-starch diets negatively influenced all digestibility parameters measured except starch, whereas FO improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively, and ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively). 25465540 12 134 theme fiber 1976:1980 arg1 digestibility 1982:1994 neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% 1958:2010 digestibility 1982:1994 High-starch diets negatively influenced all digestibility parameters measured except starch, whereas FO improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively, and ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively). 25465540 10 135 theme positive 1717:1724 arg1 effect 1726:1731 a positive effect 1715:1731 a positive effect of FO on the LS diet 1715:1752 Energy-corrected milk (ECM) was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO on the LS diet. 25465540 0 136 theme oil 48:50 arg1 supplementation 52:66 fish oil supplementation 43:66 fish oil supplementation 43:66 Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. 25465540 2 137 from % 716:716 arg1 basis 726:730 a DM basis 721:730 a DM basis 721:730 The experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement: 2 concentrations of dietary starch [low vs. high: 23.7 and 27.7% on a dry matter (DM) basis; neutral detergent fiber/starch ratios: 1.47 and 1.12], the presence or absence of FO supplement (0.80% on a DM basis), and their interaction were evaluated. 25465540 5 138 theme hulls 1152:1156 arg1 proportions 1115:1125 different proportions 1105:1125 different proportions of corn meal and soybean hulls 1105:1156 The starch concentration was balanced using different proportions of corn meal and soybean hulls. 25465540 13 139 theme milk 2223:2226 arg1 g/kg 2215:2218 g/kg 2215:2218 g/kg of milk 2215:2226 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 13 140 theme high-starch 2238:2248 arg1 diets 2250:2254 the high-starch diets 2234:2254 the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively 2234:2381 We observed a trend for lower CH4 emission (g/d) and intensity (g/kg of milk) with the high-starch diets compared with the low-starch diets: 396 versus 415g/d on average, respectively, and 14.1 versus 14.9g/kg of milk, respectively. 25465540 3 141 theme Friesian 785:792 arg1 cows 794:797 Four Italian Friesian cows 772:797 Four Italian Friesian cows 772:797 Four Italian Friesian cows were fed 1 of the following 4 diets in 4 consecutive 26-d periods: (1) low starch (LS), (2) low starch plus FO (LSO), (3) high starch (HS), and (4) high starch plus FO (HSO). 25465540 8 142 dep increase 1417:1424 arg1 FO 1411:1412 FO 1411:1412 FO 1411:1412 We observed a trend for FO to increase milk yield: 29.2 and 27.5kg/d, on average, for diets with and without FO, respectively. 25465540 10 143 theme Energy-corrected 1627:1642 arg1 ECM 1650:1652 ECM 1650:1652 ECM 1650:1652 Energy-corrected milk (ECM) was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO on the LS diet. 25465540 10 143 theme Energy-corrected 1627:1642 arg1 milk 1644:1647 Energy-corrected milk 1627:1647 Energy-corrected milk (ECM) 1627:1653 Energy-corrected milk (ECM) was affected by the interaction between starch and FO, with a positive effect of FO on the LS diet. 25465540 12 144 theme neutral 1958:1964 arg1 digestibility 1982:1994 neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% 1958:2010 digestibility 1982:1994 High-starch diets negatively influenced all digestibility parameters measured except starch, whereas FO improved neutral detergent fiber digestibility (41.9 vs. 46.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively, and ether extract digestibility (53.7 vs. 67.1% for diets without and with FO, respectively). 24827707 3 0 theme 16S 283:285 arg1 rRNA 287:290 16S rRNA 283:290 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 283:313 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 12 1 theme  = CCTCC 1291:1298 arg1 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 1 theme  = CCTCC 1291:1298 arg1 T 1311:1311 T 1311:1311 T 1311:1311 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 1 theme  = CCTCC 1291:1298 arg1 2014003 1303:1309  = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003 1275:1309  = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T) 1275:1312 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 7 2 theme DNA 778:780 arg1 content 786:792 The DNA G+C content 774:792 The DNA G+C content 774:792 The DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. 24827707 7 2 theme DNA 778:780 arg1 % 806:806 42.3 mol% 798:806 42.3 mol% 798:806 The DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. 24827707 3 3 theme rRNA 287:290 arg1 analysis 306:313 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 283:313 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 283:313 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 10 4 theme phenotypic 1054:1063 arg1 data 1095:1098 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1050:1098 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1050:1098 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 9 5 theme Strain 964:969 arg1 T 976:976 T 976:976 T 976:976 Strain W126(T) contained A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24827707 9 5 theme Strain 964:969 arg1 W126 971:974 Strain W126 964:974 Strain W126(T) 964:977 Strain W126(T) contained A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24827707 8 6 theme unknown 949:955 arg1 lipid 957:961 an unknown lipid 946:961 an unknown lipid 946:961 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. 24827707 2 7 theme peritrichous 192:203 arg1 flagella 205:212 peritrichous flagella 192:212 peritrichous flagella 192:212 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 8 theme Hubei 258:262 arg1 province 264:271 Hubei province 258:271 Hubei province of China 258:280 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 1 9 theme mineral 55:61 arg1 soil 63:66 selenium mineral soil 46:66 selenium mineral soil 46:66 nov., isolated from selenium mineral soil. 24827707 10 10 theme strain 1114:1119 arg1 W126 1121:1124 strain W126 1114:1124 strain W126(T) 1114:1127 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 10 10 theme strain 1114:1119 arg1 T 1126:1126 T 1126:1126 T 1126:1126 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 12 11 theme 33420 1283:1287 arg1 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 11 theme 33420 1283:1287 arg1 T 1311:1311 T 1311:1311 T 1311:1311 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 11 theme 33420 1283:1287 arg1 2014003 1303:1309  = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003 1275:1309  = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T) 1275:1312 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 3 12 theme other 477:481 arg1 species 483:489 the other species 473:489 the other species of the genus Paenibacillus 473:516 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 3 12 theme other 477:481 arg1 rRNA 527:530 the 16S rRNA 519:530 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0% 519:578 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 10 13 theme Paenibacillus 1203:1215 arg1 sp 1225:1226 the name Paenibacillus selenii sp 1194:1226 the name Paenibacillus selenii sp 1194:1226 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 3 14 theme sequence 395:402 arg1 similarity 404:413 97.9 % sequence similarity 388:413 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T) 388:450 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 2 15 theme mineral 242:248 arg1 soil 250:253 selenium mineral soil 233:253 selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China 233:280 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 10 16 theme novel 1142:1146 arg1 species 1148:1154 a novel species 1140:1154 a novel species 1140:1154 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 3 17 dep rRNA 527:530 arg1 % 578:578 less than 96.0% 564:578 less than 96.0% 564:578 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 0 18 theme selenii 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus selenii sp 0:23 Paenibacillus selenii sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 12 19 theme T 1289:1289 arg1 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 19 theme T 1289:1289 arg1 T 1311:1311 T 1311:1311 T 1311:1311 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 19 theme T 1289:1289 arg1 2014003 1303:1309  = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003 1275:1309  = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T) 1275:1312 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 10 20 theme Paenibacillus 1169:1181 arg1 genus 1163:1167 the genus Paenibacillus 1159:1181 the genus Paenibacillus 1159:1181 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 3 21 theme 97.9  388:392 arg1 % 393:393 % 393:393 % 393:393 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 0 22 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus selenii sp 0:23 Paenibacillus selenii sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 8 23 theme unknown 915:921 arg1 aminophospholipids 923:940 three unknown aminophospholipids 909:940 three unknown aminophospholipids 909:940 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. 24827707 2 24 theme China 276:280 arg1 province 264:271 Hubei province 258:271 Hubei province of China 258:280 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 9 25 theme A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic 989:1011 arg1 acid 1013:1016 A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid 989:1016 A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 989:1047 Strain W126(T) contained A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24827707 3 26 theme % 393:393 arg1 similarity 404:413 97.9 % sequence similarity 388:413 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T) 388:450 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 12 27 theme type 1251:1254 arg1 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 27 theme type 1251:1254 arg1 strain 1256:1261 The type strain 1247:1261 The type strain 1247:1261 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 6 28 dep 15  740:742 arg1  0 744:745  0 744:745 15 : 0 740:745 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) was the major fatty acid. 24827707 6 29 dep Anteiso-C 730:738 arg1 15  740:742 15  740:742 15 : 0 740:745 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) was the major fatty acid. 24827707 3 30 theme anaericanus 432:442 arg1 T 449:449 T 449:449 T 449:449 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 3 30 theme anaericanus 432:442 arg1 MH21 444:447 Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21 418:447 Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T) 418:450 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 12 31 theme  = KCTC 1275:1281 arg1 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 31 theme  = KCTC 1275:1281 arg1 T 1311:1311 T 1311:1311 T 1311:1311 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 31 theme  = KCTC 1275:1281 arg1 2014003 1303:1309  = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003 1275:1309  = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T) 1275:1312 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 6 32 theme fatty 762:766 arg1 acid 768:771 the major fatty acid 752:771 the major fatty acid 752:771 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) was the major fatty acid. 24827707 6 32 theme fatty 762:766 arg1 Anteiso-C 730:738 Anteiso-C 730:738 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) 730:746 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) was the major fatty acid. 24827707 3 33 theme Paenibacillus 504:516 arg1 species 483:489 the other species 473:489 the other species of the genus Paenibacillus 473:516 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 3 33 theme Paenibacillus 504:516 arg1 rRNA 527:530 the 16S rRNA 519:530 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0% 519:578 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 10 34 theme name 1198:1201 arg1 sp 1225:1226 the name Paenibacillus selenii sp 1194:1226 the name Paenibacillus selenii sp 1194:1226 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 10 35 theme selenii 1217:1223 arg1 sp 1225:1226 the name Paenibacillus selenii sp 1194:1226 the name Paenibacillus selenii sp 1194:1226 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 5 36 theme major 682:686 arg1 menaquinone 699:709 The major isoprenoid menaquinone 678:709 The major isoprenoid menaquinone 678:709 The major isoprenoid menaquinone was menaquinone-7. 24827707 5 36 theme major 682:686 arg1 menaquinone-7 715:727 menaquinone-7 715:727 menaquinone-7 715:727 The major isoprenoid menaquinone was menaquinone-7. 24827707 6 37 theme major 756:760 arg1 acid 768:771 the major fatty acid 752:771 the major fatty acid 752:771 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) was the major fatty acid. 24827707 6 37 theme major 756:760 arg1 Anteiso-C 730:738 Anteiso-C 730:738 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) 730:746 Anteiso-C(15 : 0) was the major fatty acid. 24827707 3 38 theme gene 532:535 arg1 similarities 546:557 gene sequence similarities 532:557 gene sequence similarities 532:557 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 4 39 theme strain 611:616 arg1 T 623:623 T 623:623 T 623:623 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) was 24%. 24827707 4 39 theme strain 611:616 arg1 W126 618:621 strain W126 611:621 strain W126(T) 611:624 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) was 24%. 24827707 4 40 theme DNA-DNA 581:587 arg1 hybridization 589:601 DNA-DNA hybridization 581:601 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) 581:667 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) was 24%. 24827707 5 41 theme isoprenoid 688:697 arg1 menaquinone 699:709 The major isoprenoid menaquinone 678:709 The major isoprenoid menaquinone 678:709 The major isoprenoid menaquinone was menaquinone-7. 24827707 5 41 theme isoprenoid 688:697 arg1 menaquinone-7 715:727 menaquinone-7 715:727 menaquinone-7 715:727 The major isoprenoid menaquinone was menaquinone-7. 24827707 3 42 theme sequence 537:544 arg1 similarities 546:557 gene sequence similarities 532:557 gene sequence similarities 532:557 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 9 43 theme cell-wall 1025:1033 arg1 peptidoglycan 1035:1047 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1021:1047 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1021:1047 Strain W126(T) contained A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24827707 3 44 theme Paenibacillus 418:430 arg1 T 449:449 T 449:449 T 449:449 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 3 44 theme Paenibacillus 418:430 arg1 MH21 444:447 Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21 418:447 Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T) 418:450 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 10 45 theme chemotaxonomic 1066:1079 arg1 data 1095:1098 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1050:1098 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1050:1098 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 3 46 theme 16S 523:525 arg1 rRNA 527:530 the 16S rRNA 519:530 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0% 519:578 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 3 46 theme 16S 523:525 arg1 species 483:489 the other species 473:489 the other species of the genus Paenibacillus 473:516 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 4 47 theme anaericanus 644:654 arg1 T 666:666 T 666:666 T 666:666 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) was 24%. 24827707 4 47 theme anaericanus 644:654 arg1 15890 660:664 Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890 630:664 Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) 630:667 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) was 24%. 24827707 3 48 theme Paenibacillus 368:380 arg1 genus 362:366 the genus Paenibacillus 358:380 the genus Paenibacillus 358:380 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 2 49 dep Gram-reaction-positive 87:108 arg1 anaerobic 152:160 anaerobic 152:160 anaerobic 152:160 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 49 dep Gram-reaction-positive 87:108 arg1 spore-forming 111:123 spore-forming 111:123 spore-forming 111:123 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 49 dep Gram-reaction-positive 87:108 arg1 rod-shaped 126:135 rod-shaped 126:135 rod-shaped 126:135 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 9 50 contain contained 979:987 arg2 acid 1013:1016 A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid 989:1016 A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 989:1047 Strain W126(T) contained A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24827707 9 50 contain contained 979:987 arg1 T 976:976 T 976:976 T 976:976 Strain W126(T) contained A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24827707 9 50 contain contained 979:987 arg1 W126 971:974 Strain W126 964:974 Strain W126(T) 964:977 Strain W126(T) contained A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24827707 9 51 from acid 1013:1016 arg1 peptidoglycan 1035:1047 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1021:1047 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1021:1047 Strain W126(T) contained A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24827707 4 52 theme Paenibacillus 630:642 arg1 T 666:666 T 666:666 T 666:666 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) was 24%. 24827707 4 52 theme Paenibacillus 630:642 arg1 15890 660:664 Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890 630:664 Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) 630:667 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) was 24%. 24827707 2 53 from soil 250:253 arg1 province 264:271 Hubei province 258:271 Hubei province of China 258:280 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 54 theme Strain 69:74 arg1 W126 76:79 Strain W126 69:79 Strain W126(T) 69:82 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 54 theme Strain 69:74 arg1 bacterium 162:170 a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 85:170 a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 85:170 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 54 theme Strain 69:74 arg1 T 81:81 T 81:81 T 81:81 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 55 theme selenium 233:240 arg1 soil 250:253 selenium mineral soil 233:253 selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China 233:280 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 12 56 theme AB 1300:1301 arg1 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 W126 1266:1269 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 56 theme AB 1300:1301 arg1 T 1311:1311 T 1311:1311 T 1311:1311 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 12 56 theme AB 1300:1301 arg1 2014003 1303:1309  = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003 1275:1309  = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T) 1275:1312 The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)). 24827707 7 57 theme 42.3 798:801 arg1 mol 803:805 mol 803:805 mol 803:805 The DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. 24827707 1 58 theme selenium 46:53 arg1 soil 63:66 selenium mineral soil 46:66 selenium mineral soil 46:66 nov., isolated from selenium mineral soil. 24827707 8 59 theme polar 819:823 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 837:858 diphosphatidylglycerol 837:858 diphosphatidylglycerol 837:858 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. 24827707 8 59 theme polar 819:823 arg1 lipids 825:830 The major polar lipids 809:830 The major polar lipids 809:830 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. 24827707 4 60 theme DSM 656:658 arg1 T 666:666 T 666:666 T 666:666 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) was 24%. 24827707 4 60 theme DSM 656:658 arg1 15890 660:664 Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890 630:664 Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) 630:667 DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) was 24%. 24827707 7 61 theme G+C 782:784 arg1 content 786:792 The DNA G+C content 774:792 The DNA G+C content 774:792 The DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. 24827707 7 61 theme G+C 782:784 arg1 % 806:806 42.3 mol% 798:806 42.3 mol% 798:806 The DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. 24827707 3 62 theme gene 292:295 arg1 analysis 306:313 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 283:313 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 283:313 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 8 63 theme major 813:817 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 837:858 diphosphatidylglycerol 837:858 diphosphatidylglycerol 837:858 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. 24827707 8 63 theme major 813:817 arg1 lipids 825:830 The major polar lipids 809:830 The major polar lipids 809:830 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. 24827707 3 64 theme sequence 297:304 arg1 analysis 306:313 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 283:313 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 283:313 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. 24827707 2 65 theme Gram-reaction-positive 87:108 arg1 motile 173:178 motile 173:178 motile by means of peritrichous flagella 173:212 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 65 theme Gram-reaction-positive 87:108 arg1 bacterium 162:170 a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 85:170 a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 85:170 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 65 theme Gram-reaction-positive 87:108 arg1 W126 76:79 Strain W126 69:79 Strain W126(T) 69:82 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 10 66 theme genotypic 1085:1093 arg1 data 1095:1098 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1050:1098 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1050:1098 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 10 67 theme genus 1163:1167 arg1 species 1148:1154 a novel species 1140:1154 a novel species 1140:1154 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. 24827707 2 68 attach isolated 219:226 arg2 T 81:81 T 81:81 T 81:81 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 68 attach isolated 219:226 arg2 W126 76:79 Strain W126 69:79 Strain W126(T) 69:82 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 68 attach isolated 219:226 arg2 bacterium 162:170 a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 85:170 a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 85:170 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 24827707 2 68 attach isolated 219:226 arg1 soil 250:253 selenium mineral soil 233:253 selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China 233:280 Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 28866995 6 0 theme polar 934:938 arg1 MK-8 811:814 MK-8 811:814 MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone 811:850 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 0 theme polar 934:938 arg1 acid 774:777 ll-diaminopimelic acid 756:777 ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 756:808 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 0 theme polar 934:938 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 0 theme polar 934:938 arg1 lipids 940:945 the polar lipids 930:945 the polar lipids found in the cell wall 930:968 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 8 1 theme genus 1200:1204 arg1 Nocardioides 1206:1217 the genus Nocardioides 1196:1217 the genus Nocardioides 1196:1217 Based on its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp. 28866995 3 2 theme aerobic 305:311 arg1 cells 346:350 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped cells 305:350 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped cells 305:350 The isolate formed milky-white colonies comprising aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped cells. 28866995 4 3 dep Nocardioides 522:533 arg1 agariphilus 535:545 agariphilus 535:545 agariphilus 535:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 4 4 theme 16S 388:390 arg1 sequences 402:410 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 384:410 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 384:410 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 6 5 theme cell 960:963 arg1 wall 965:968 the cell wall 956:968 the cell wall 956:968 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 4 6 theme MSL 587:589 arg1 26T 591:593 Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T 562:593 Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T 562:593 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 6 7 from phosphatidylglycerol 881:900 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 4 8 theme distinct 500:507 arg1 cluster 509:515 a distinct cluster 498:515 a distinct cluster 498:515 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 4 9 dep rRNA 624:627 arg1 % 618:618 % 618:618 % 618:618 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 1 10 theme fresh 48:52 arg1 sediment 65:72 fresh water lake sediment 48:72 fresh water lake sediment 48:72 nov., isolated from fresh water lake sediment. 28866995 9 11 theme strain 1278:1283 arg1 nov 1267:1269 nov 1267:1269 nov 1267:1269 nov. (type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T) is proposed. 28866995 9 11 theme strain 1278:1283 arg1 112321T 1309:1315 type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T 1273:1315 type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T 1273:1315 nov. (type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T) is proposed. 28866995 8 12 theme Nocardioides 1206:1217 arg1 species 1185:1191 a novel species 1177:1191 a novel species 1177:1191 Based on its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp. 28866995 4 13 theme gene 397:400 arg1 sequences 402:410 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 384:410 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 384:410 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 1 14 theme water 54:58 arg1 sediment 65:72 fresh water lake sediment 48:72 fresh water lake sediment 48:72 nov., isolated from fresh water lake sediment. 28866995 9 15 theme X17T=CGMCC 1285:1294 arg1 nov 1267:1269 nov 1267:1269 nov 1267:1269 nov. (type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T) is proposed. 28866995 9 15 theme X17T=CGMCC 1285:1294 arg1 112321T 1309:1315 type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T 1273:1315 type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T 1273:1315 nov. (type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T) is proposed. 28866995 6 16 from phosphatidylinositol 906:925 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 4 17 theme genus 455:459 arg1 Nocardioides 461:472 the genus Nocardioides 451:472 the genus Nocardioides 451:472 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 4 18 theme rRNA 392:395 arg1 sequences 402:410 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 384:410 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 384:410 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 1 19 theme lake 60:63 arg1 sediment 65:72 fresh water lake sediment 48:72 fresh water lake sediment 48:72 nov., isolated from fresh water lake sediment. 28866995 7 20 dep  1 ω9c 1002:1007 arg1 % 1075:1075 5.8 % 1071:1075 5.8 % 1071:1075 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 7 20 dep  1 ω9c 1002:1007 arg1 iso 1047:1049 15 : 0 iso 1040:1049 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) 1040:1057 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 7 20 dep  1 ω9c 1002:1007 arg1 18  1063:1065 18  1063:1065 18  1063:1065 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 7 20 dep  1 ω9c 1002:1007 arg1 % 1036:1036 20.3 % 1031:1036 20.3 % 1031:1036 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 7 20 dep  1 ω9c 1002:1007 arg1  0 1067:1068  0 1067:1068  0 1067:1068 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 7 20 dep  1 ω9c 1002:1007 arg1 % 1056:1056 6.8 % 1052:1056 6.8 % 1052:1056 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 7 20 dep  1 ω9c 1002:1007 arg1 iso 1026:1028  0 iso 1023:1028  0 iso (20.3 %) 1023:1037 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 6 21 from MK-8 811:814 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 22 theme cell-wall 786:794 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 2 23 theme polyphasic 233:242 arg1 approach 244:251 a polyphasic approach 231:251 a polyphasic approach 231:251 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated X17T, was isolated from the sediment of Taihu Lake in China and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 28866995 8 24 theme physiological 1092:1104 arg1 characteristics 1138:1152 its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1152 its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1152 Based on its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp. 28866995 6 25 located found 947:951 arg2 lipids 940:945 the polar lipids 930:945 the polar lipids found in the cell wall 930:968 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 25 located found 947:951 arg2 acid 774:777 ll-diaminopimelic acid 756:777 ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 756:808 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 25 located found 947:951 arg2 MK-8 811:814 MK-8 811:814 MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone 811:850 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 25 located found 947:951 arg1 wall 965:968 the cell wall 956:968 the cell wall 956:968 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 25 located found 947:951 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 4 26 theme Phylogenetic 353:364 arg1 analysis 366:373 Phylogenetic analysis 353:373 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences 353:410 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 8 27 theme name 1234:1237 arg1 sp 1263:1264 the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp 1230:1264 the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp 1230:1264 Based on its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp. 28866995 4 28 dep Nocardioides 562:573 arg1 islandensis 575:585 islandensis 575:585 islandensis 575:585 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 6 29 contain contained 746:754 arg2 H4 817:818 H4 817:818 H4 817:818 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 29 contain contained 746:754 arg1 isolate 738:744 the isolate 734:744 the isolate 734:744 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 29 contain contained 746:754 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 29 contain contained 746:754 arg2 lipids 940:945 the polar lipids 930:945 the polar lipids found in the cell wall 930:968 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 29 contain contained 746:754 arg2 acid 774:777 ll-diaminopimelic acid 756:777 ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 756:808 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 29 contain contained 746:754 arg2 MK-8 811:814 MK-8 811:814 MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone 811:850 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 30 theme predominant 828:838 arg1 menaquinone 840:850 the predominant menaquinone 824:850 the predominant menaquinone 824:850 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 8 31 theme chemotaxonomic 1123:1136 arg1 characteristics 1138:1152 its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1152 its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1152 Based on its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp. 28866995 8 32 theme biochemical 1107:1117 arg1 characteristics 1138:1152 its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1152 its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1088:1152 Based on its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp. 28866995 6 33 from diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 8 34 theme taihuensis 1252:1261 arg1 sp 1263:1264 the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp 1230:1264 the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp 1230:1264 Based on its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp. 28866995 4 35 theme rRNA 624:627 arg1 similarities 643:654 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 604:654 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 604:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 3 36 dep aerobic 305:311 arg1 rod-shaped 335:344 rod-shaped 335:344 rod-shaped 335:344 The isolate formed milky-white colonies comprising aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped cells. 28866995 3 36 dep aerobic 305:311 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 314:332 Gram-stain-positive 314:332 Gram-stain-positive 314:332 The isolate formed milky-white colonies comprising aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped cells. 28866995 8 37 theme Nocardioides 1239:1250 arg1 sp 1263:1264 the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp 1230:1264 the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp 1230:1264 Based on its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp. 28866995 4 38 theme 16S 620:622 arg1 rRNA 624:627 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA 604:627 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 604:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 4 39 theme Nocardioides 562:573 arg1 26T 591:593 Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T 562:593 Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T 562:593 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 5 40 theme 69.9 mol 703:710 arg1 content 691:697 The genomic DNA G+C content 671:697 The genomic DNA G+C content 671:697 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28866995 5 40 theme 69.9 mol 703:710 arg1 % 711:711 69.9 mol% 703:711 69.9 mol% 703:711 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28866995 7 41 dep 18  998:1000 arg1  1 ω9c 1002:1007  1 ω9c 1002:1007  1 ω9c 1002:1007 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 7 41 dep 18  998:1000 arg1 % 1015:1015 38.6 % 1010:1015 38.6 % 1010:1015 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 4 42 theme sequence 634:641 arg1 similarities 643:654 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 604:654 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 604:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 9 43 theme 4.7318T=NBRC 1296:1307 arg1 nov 1267:1269 nov 1267:1269 nov 1267:1269 nov. (type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T) is proposed. 28866995 9 43 theme 4.7318T=NBRC 1296:1307 arg1 112321T 1309:1315 type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T 1273:1315 type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T 1273:1315 nov. (type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T) is proposed. 28866995 2 44 theme actinobacterial 83:97 arg1 strain 99:104 A novel actinobacterial strain 75:104 A novel actinobacterial strain 75:104 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated X17T, was isolated from the sediment of Taihu Lake in China and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 28866995 7 45 theme  0 1023:1024 arg1 iso 1026:1028  0 iso 1023:1028  0 iso (20.3 %) 1023:1037 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 7 45 theme  0 1023:1024 arg1 % 1036:1036 20.3 % 1031:1036 20.3 % 1031:1036 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 4 46 theme gene 629:632 arg1 similarities 643:654 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 604:654 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 604:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 2 47 theme novel 77:81 arg1 strain 99:104 A novel actinobacterial strain 75:104 A novel actinobacterial strain 75:104 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated X17T, was isolated from the sediment of Taihu Lake in China and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 28866995 3 48 theme milky-white 273:283 arg1 colonies 285:292 milky-white colonies 273:292 milky-white colonies comprising aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped cells 273:350 The isolate formed milky-white colonies comprising aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped cells. 28866995 2 49 theme taxonomic 186:194 arg1 position 196:203 its taxonomic position 182:203 its taxonomic position 182:203 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated X17T, was isolated from the sediment of Taihu Lake in China and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 28866995 6 50 theme ll-diaminopimelic 756:772 arg1 MK-8 811:814 MK-8 811:814 MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone 811:850 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 50 theme ll-diaminopimelic 756:772 arg1 lipids 940:945 the polar lipids 930:945 the polar lipids found in the cell wall 930:968 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 50 theme ll-diaminopimelic 756:772 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 diphosphatidylglycerol 857:878 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 6 50 theme ll-diaminopimelic 756:772 arg1 acid 774:777 ll-diaminopimelic acid 756:777 ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 756:808 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 2 51 attach isolated 128:135 arg2 strain 99:104 A novel actinobacterial strain 75:104 A novel actinobacterial strain 75:104 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated X17T, was isolated from the sediment of Taihu Lake in China and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 28866995 2 51 attach isolated 128:135 arg1 sediment 146:153 the sediment 142:153 the sediment of Taihu Lake in China 142:176 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated X17T, was isolated from the sediment of Taihu Lake in China and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 28866995 4 52 theme JCM 547:549 arg1 16020T 551:556 Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T 522:556 Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T 522:556 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 5 53 theme genomic 675:681 arg1 content 691:697 The genomic DNA G+C content 671:697 The genomic DNA G+C content 671:697 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28866995 5 53 theme genomic 675:681 arg1 % 711:711 69.9 mol% 703:711 69.9 mol% 703:711 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28866995 4 54 dep % 618:618 arg1 94.8  613:617 94.8  613:617 94.8  613:617 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 4 54 dep % 618:618 arg1 95.5 604:607 95.5 604:607 95.5 604:607 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 4 55 theme Nocardioides 522:533 arg1 16020T 551:556 Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T 522:556 Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T 522:556 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the genus Nocardioides and consistently formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides agariphilus JCM 16020T and Nocardioides islandensis MSL 26T, sharing 95.5 and 94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 28866995 5 56 theme DNA 683:685 arg1 content 691:697 The genomic DNA G+C content 671:697 The genomic DNA G+C content 671:697 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28866995 5 56 theme DNA 683:685 arg1 % 711:711 69.9 mol% 703:711 69.9 mol% 703:711 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28866995 7 57 theme major 975:979 arg1 acids 987:991 The major fatty acids 971:991 The major fatty acids 971:991 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28866995 6 58 from acid 774:777 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids found in the cell wall. 28866995 5 59 theme G+C 687:689 arg1 content 691:697 The genomic DNA G+C content 671:697 The genomic DNA G+C content 671:697 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28866995 5 59 theme G+C 687:689 arg1 % 711:711 69.9 mol% 703:711 69.9 mol% 703:711 The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. 28866995 9 60 theme type 1273:1276 arg1 nov 1267:1269 nov 1267:1269 nov 1267:1269 nov. (type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T) is proposed. 28866995 9 60 theme type 1273:1276 arg1 112321T 1309:1315 type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T 1273:1315 type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T 1273:1315 nov. (type strain X17T=CGMCC 4.7318T=NBRC 112321T) is proposed. 28866995 8 61 theme novel 1179:1183 arg1 species 1185:1191 a novel species 1177:1191 a novel species 1177:1191 Based on its physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides taihuensis sp. 28866995 2 62 from sediment 146:153 arg1 China 172:176 China 172:176 China 172:176 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated X17T, was isolated from the sediment of Taihu Lake in China and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 28866995 2 63 theme Lake 164:167 arg1 sediment 146:153 the sediment 142:153 the sediment of Taihu Lake in China 142:176 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated X17T, was isolated from the sediment of Taihu Lake in China and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 28866995 7 64 theme fatty 981:985 arg1 acids 987:991 The major fatty acids 971:991 The major fatty acids 971:991 The major fatty acids were 18 : 1 ω9c (38.6 %), 16 : 0 iso (20.3 %), 15 : 0 iso (6.8 %) and 18 : 0 (5.8 %). 28510696 4 0 theme matrix 517:522 arg1 biology 501:507 the biology 497:507 the biology of this matrix after subsequent implantation compared to Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler 497:626 OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to study the biology of this matrix after subsequent implantation compared to Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler. 28510696 11 1 theme implanted 1239:1247 arg1 collagen 1249:1256 The implanted collagen 1235:1256 The implanted collagen 1235:1256 The implanted collagen compared favorably to Juvederm at all stages and was found to be replaced by new collagen and fat. 28510696 2 2 link cross-linked 303:314 arg1 matrix 324:329 a cross-linked helical matrix 301:329 a cross-linked helical matrix composed of types II, III, and IV 301:363 The collagen composition in liposuctioned fat was shown to form a cross-linked helical matrix composed of types II, III, and IV. 28510696 2 3 theme helical 316:322 arg1 matrix 324:329 a cross-linked helical matrix 301:329 a cross-linked helical matrix composed of types II, III, and IV 301:363 The collagen composition in liposuctioned fat was shown to form a cross-linked helical matrix composed of types II, III, and IV. 28510696 12 4 theme collagen 1371:1378 arg1 matrix 1380:1385 A collagen matrix 1369:1385 A collagen matrix 1369:1385 CONCLUSIONS A collagen matrix with viable cells for autologous use can be obtained from liposuctioned fat which has been processed and cryo-frozen. 28510696 2 5 theme liposuctioned 265:277 arg1 fat 279:281 liposuctioned fat 265:281 liposuctioned fat 265:281 The collagen composition in liposuctioned fat was shown to form a cross-linked helical matrix composed of types II, III, and IV. 28510696 4 6 theme subsequent 530:539 arg1 implantation 541:552 subsequent implantation 530:552 subsequent implantation 530:552 OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to study the biology of this matrix after subsequent implantation compared to Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler. 28510696 1 7 theme study 101:105 arg1 BACKGROUND 72:81 BACKGROUND 72:81 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 72:235 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 3 8 theme other 420:424 arg1 cells 426:430 other cells 420:430 other cells 420:430 Additionally, viable adipocytes and fibroblasts among other cells were found. 28510696 2 9 theme collagen 241:248 arg1 composition 250:260 The collagen composition 237:260 The collagen composition in liposuctioned fat 237:281 The collagen composition in liposuctioned fat was shown to form a cross-linked helical matrix composed of types II, III, and IV. 28510696 3 10 theme viable 380:385 arg1 adipocytes 387:396 adipocytes 387:396 adipocytes 387:396 Additionally, viable adipocytes and fibroblasts among other cells were found. 28510696 5 11 theme routine 682:688 arg1 liposuction 690:700 routine liposuction 682:700 routine liposuction 682:700 METHODS Fat was obtained from individuals undergoing routine liposuction and was processed by a two-step process to obtain a connective tissue matrix. 28510696 4 12 dep soft 609:612 arg1 NJ 598:599 NJ 598:599 NJ 598:599 OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to study the biology of this matrix after subsequent implantation compared to Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler. 28510696 4 12 dep soft 609:612 arg1 Parsippany 586:595 Parsippany 586:595 Parsippany 586:595 OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to study the biology of this matrix after subsequent implantation compared to Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler. 28510696 0 13 theme Adipose-Derived 11:25 arg1 Part 41:44 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II 0:47 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II 0:47 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II: Implantation Biology. 28510696 1 14 theme sufficient 154:163 arg1 source 165:170 a sufficient source 152:170 a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction 152:234 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 1 14 theme sufficient 154:163 arg1 fat 139:141 liposuctioned fat 125:141 liposuctioned fat 125:141 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 0 15 theme Autologous 0:9 arg1 Part 41:44 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II 0:47 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II 0:47 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II: Implantation Biology. 28510696 6 16 theme nude 883:886 arg1 mice 888:891 46 nude mice 880:891 46 nude mice 880:891 The matrix was then cryo-frozen for a minimum of 4 weeks after which it was thawed and implanted in 46 nude mice. 28510696 0 17 theme Matrix 34:39 arg1 Part 41:44 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II 0:47 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II 0:47 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II: Implantation Biology. 28510696 12 18 theme liposuctioned 1445:1457 arg1 fat 1459:1461 liposuctioned fat 1445:1461 liposuctioned fat which has been processed and cryo-frozen 1445:1502 CONCLUSIONS A collagen matrix with viable cells for autologous use can be obtained from liposuctioned fat which has been processed and cryo-frozen. 28510696 5 19 theme METHODS 629:635 arg1 Fat 637:639 METHODS Fat 629:639 METHODS Fat 629:639 METHODS Fat was obtained from individuals undergoing routine liposuction and was processed by a two-step process to obtain a connective tissue matrix. 28510696 5 20 theme tissue 765:770 arg1 matrix 772:777 a connective tissue matrix 752:777 a connective tissue matrix 752:777 METHODS Fat was obtained from individuals undergoing routine liposuction and was processed by a two-step process to obtain a connective tissue matrix. 28510696 0 21 theme Tissue 27:32 arg1 Part 41:44 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II 0:47 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II 0:47 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II: Implantation Biology. 28510696 0 22 dep Biology 63:69 arg1 Part 41:44 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II 0:47 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II 0:47 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II: Implantation Biology. 28510696 1 23 theme autologous 175:184 arg1 collagen 186:193 autologous collagen 175:193 autologous collagen 175:193 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 8 24 theme Liposuctioned 988:1000 arg1 fat 1002:1004 RESULTS Liposuctioned fat 980:1004 RESULTS Liposuctioned fat 980:1004 RESULTS Liposuctioned fat was obtained from 10 individuals and processed as previously described. 28510696 10 25 theme adverse 1162:1168 arg1 effects 1170:1176 no adverse effects 1159:1176 no adverse effects 1159:1176 There were no adverse effects from either article and the bio-reactivity rating was 0. 28510696 1 26 theme collagen 186:193 arg1 source 165:170 a sufficient source 152:170 a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction 152:234 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 1 26 theme collagen 186:193 arg1 fat 139:141 liposuctioned fat 125:141 liposuctioned fat 125:141 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 13 27 theme new 1568:1570 arg1 fat 1584:1586 new collagenand fat 1568:1586 new collagenand fat 1568:1586 The material lasts at least one year and is slowly replaced by new collagenand fat. 28510696 4 28 theme research 475:482 arg1 purpose 459:465 The purpose 455:465 The purpose of this research 455:482 OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to study the biology of this matrix after subsequent implantation compared to Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler. 28510696 8 29 theme RESULTS 980:986 arg1 fat 1002:1004 RESULTS Liposuctioned fat 980:1004 RESULTS Liposuctioned fat 980:1004 RESULTS Liposuctioned fat was obtained from 10 individuals and processed as previously described. 28510696 12 30 dep matrix 1380:1385 arg1 cells 1399:1403 viable cells 1392:1403 viable cells 1392:1403 CONCLUSIONS A collagen matrix with viable cells for autologous use can be obtained from liposuctioned fat which has been processed and cryo-frozen. 28510696 10 31 theme bio-reactivity 1206:1219 arg1 0 1232:1232 0 1232:1232 0 1232:1232 There were no adverse effects from either article and the bio-reactivity rating was 0. 28510696 10 31 theme bio-reactivity 1206:1219 arg1 rating 1221:1226 the bio-reactivity rating 1202:1226 the bio-reactivity rating 1202:1226 There were no adverse effects from either article and the bio-reactivity rating was 0. 28510696 0 32 theme Implantation 50:61 arg1 Biology 63:69 Implantation Biology 50:69 Implantation Biology 50:69 Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part II: Implantation Biology. 28510696 12 33 with CONCLUSIONS 1357:1367 arg1 matrix 1380:1385 A collagen matrix 1369:1385 A collagen matrix 1369:1385 CONCLUSIONS A collagen matrix with viable cells for autologous use can be obtained from liposuctioned fat which has been processed and cryo-frozen. 28510696 2 34 theme cross-linked 303:314 arg1 matrix 324:329 a cross-linked helical matrix 301:329 a cross-linked helical matrix composed of types II, III, and IV 301:363 The collagen composition in liposuctioned fat was shown to form a cross-linked helical matrix composed of types II, III, and IV. 28510696 7 35 theme control 925:931 arg1 Ultra 903:907 Juvederm Ultra 894:907 Juvederm Ultra 894:907 Juvederm Ultra was used as the control article and the animals followed for one year. 28510696 7 35 theme control 925:931 arg1 article 933:939 the control article 921:939 the control article 921:939 Juvederm Ultra was used as the control article and the animals followed for one year. 28510696 1 36 dep BACKGROUND 72:81 arg1 shown 114:118 shown 114:118 was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction 110:234 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 6 37 theme weeks 831:835 arg1 minimum 818:824 a minimum 816:824 a minimum of 4 weeks after which it was thawed and implanted in 46 nude mice 816:891 The matrix was then cryo-frozen for a minimum of 4 weeks after which it was thawed and implanted in 46 nude mice. 28510696 11 38 theme new 1335:1337 arg1 collagen 1339:1346 new collagen 1335:1346 new collagen 1335:1346 The implanted collagen compared favorably to Juvederm at all stages and was found to be replaced by new collagen and fat. 28510696 7 39 used used 913:916 arg2 Ultra 903:907 Juvederm Ultra 894:907 Juvederm Ultra 894:907 Juvederm Ultra was used as the control article and the animals followed for one year. 28510696 7 39 used used 913:916 arg2 animals 949:955 the animals 945:955 the animals followed for one year 945:977 Juvederm Ultra was used as the control article and the animals followed for one year. 28510696 7 39 used used 913:916 arg2 article 933:939 the control article 921:939 the control article 921:939 Juvederm Ultra was used as the control article and the animals followed for one year. 28510696 4 40 dep OBJECTIVES 444:453 arg1 was 484:486 was 484:486 was to study the biology of this matrix after subsequent implantation compared to Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler 484:626 OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to study the biology of this matrix after subsequent implantation compared to Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler. 28510696 1 41 from use 199:201 arg1 reconstruction 221:234 reconstruction 221:234 reconstruction 221:234 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 12 42 theme viable 1392:1397 arg1 cells 1399:1403 viable cells 1392:1403 viable cells 1392:1403 CONCLUSIONS A collagen matrix with viable cells for autologous use can be obtained from liposuctioned fat which has been processed and cryo-frozen. 28510696 13 43 theme collagenand 1572:1582 arg1 fat 1584:1586 new collagenand fat 1568:1586 new collagenand fat 1568:1586 The material lasts at least one year and is slowly replaced by new collagenand fat. 28510696 14 44 theme EVIDENCE 1598:1605 arg1 LEVEL 1589:1593 LEVEL 1589:1593 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5. 1589:1608 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5. 28510696 7 45 theme Juvederm 894:901 arg1 Ultra 903:907 Juvederm Ultra 894:907 Juvederm Ultra 894:907 Juvederm Ultra was used as the control article and the animals followed for one year. 28510696 7 45 theme Juvederm 894:901 arg1 article 933:939 the control article 921:939 the control article 921:939 Juvederm Ultra was used as the control article and the animals followed for one year. 28510696 7 45 theme Juvederm 894:901 arg1 animals 949:955 the animals 945:955 the animals followed for one year 945:977 Juvederm Ultra was used as the control article and the animals followed for one year. 28510696 4 46 theme soft 609:612 arg1 filler 621:626 Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler 566:626 Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler 566:626 OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to study the biology of this matrix after subsequent implantation compared to Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler. 28510696 4 47 theme tissue 614:619 arg1 filler 621:626 Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler 566:626 Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler 566:626 OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to study the biology of this matrix after subsequent implantation compared to Juvederm (Allergan, Parsippany, NJ) common soft tissue filler. 28510696 2 48 from composition 250:260 arg1 fat 279:281 liposuctioned fat 265:281 liposuctioned fat 265:281 The collagen composition in liposuctioned fat was shown to form a cross-linked helical matrix composed of types II, III, and IV. 28510696 5 49 theme two-step 725:732 arg1 process 734:740 a two-step process 723:740 a two-step process to obtain a connective tissue matrix 723:777 METHODS Fat was obtained from individuals undergoing routine liposuction and was processed by a two-step process to obtain a connective tissue matrix. 28510696 5 50 theme connective 754:763 arg1 matrix 772:777 a connective tissue matrix 752:777 a connective tissue matrix 752:777 METHODS Fat was obtained from individuals undergoing routine liposuction and was processed by a two-step process to obtain a connective tissue matrix. 28510696 1 51 theme liposuctioned 125:137 arg1 source 165:170 a sufficient source 152:170 a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction 152:234 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 1 51 theme liposuctioned 125:137 arg1 fat 139:141 liposuctioned fat 125:141 liposuctioned fat 125:141 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 1 52 from BACKGROUND 72:81 arg1 part 86:89 part 1 86:91 part 1 86:91 BACKGROUND In part 1 of this study it was shown that liposuctioned fat could be a sufficient source of autologous collagen for use as a filler or in reconstruction. 28510696 12 53 theme autologous 1409:1418 arg1 use 1420:1422 autologous use 1409:1422 autologous use 1409:1422 CONCLUSIONS A collagen matrix with viable cells for autologous use can be obtained from liposuctioned fat which has been processed and cryo-frozen. 27902254 6 0 theme DNA-DNA 1120:1126 arg1 relatedness 1128:1138 DNA-DNA relatedness 1120:1138 DNA-DNA relatedness 1120:1138 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 4 1 theme morphological 305:317 arg1 properties 338:347 chemotaxonomic properties 323:347 chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol 323:612 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 1 theme morphological 305:317 arg1 C16  684:687 C16  684:687 C16  684:687 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 5 2 theme rRNA 801:804 arg1 analysis 820:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 797:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 797:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 6 3 theme related 1196:1202 arg1 species 1217:1223 its closely related Streptomyces species 1184:1223 its closely related Streptomyces species 1184:1223 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 4 4 contain had 301:303 arg2 C16  684:687 C16  684:687 C16  684:687 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 4 contain had 301:303 arg1 strain 294:299 The strain 290:299 The strain 290:299 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 4 contain had 301:303 arg2 mannoside 639:647 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 618:647 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 618:647 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 4 contain had 301:303 arg2 properties 338:347 chemotaxonomic properties 323:347 chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol 323:612 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 5 5 theme gene 806:809 arg1 analysis 820:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 797:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 797:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 4 6 theme % 794:794 arg1  0 715:716  0 715:716  0 715:716 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 6 theme % 794:794 arg1 content 777:783 DNA G+C content 769:783 DNA G+C content of 72 mol% 769:794 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 6 theme % 794:794 arg1 iso-C14  722:729 iso-C14  722:729 iso-C14  722:729 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 6 theme % 794:794 arg1  0 702:703  0 702:703  0 702:703 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 6 theme % 794:794 arg1 iso-C15  706:713 iso-C15  706:713 iso-C15  706:713 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 6 theme % 794:794 arg1  0 731:732  0 731:732  0 as major cellular fatty acids 731:762 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 7 theme Streptomyces 381:392 arg1 members 360:366 members 360:366 members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol 360:612 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 8 dep Streptomyces 381:392 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 521:542 diphosphatidylglycerol 521:542 diphosphatidylglycerol 521:542 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 8 dep Streptomyces 381:392 arg1 chain 410:414 flexuous spore chain 395:414 the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8) 371:479 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 8 dep Streptomyces 381:392 arg1 acid 435:438 ll-diaminopimelic acid 417:438 the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8) 371:479 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 8 dep Streptomyces 381:392 arg1 MK-9 472:475 MK-9 472:475 MK-9 472:475 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 8 9 theme =NBRC 1397:1401 arg1 2402T 1429:1433 =NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T 1397:1433 =NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T 1397:1433 The type strain is KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T). 27902254 8 9 theme =NBRC 1397:1401 arg1 KC-035T 1388:1394 KC-035T 1388:1394 KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T) 1388:1434 The type strain is KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T). 27902254 4 10 theme mol 791:793 arg1 % 794:794 72 mol% 788:794 72 mol% 788:794 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 11 theme spore 404:408 arg1 chain 410:414 flexuous spore chain 395:414 the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8) 371:479 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 5 12 dep Streptomyces 884:895 arg1 albiflavescens 897:910 albiflavescens 897:910 albiflavescens 897:910 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 4 13 theme DNA 769:771 arg1 content 777:783 DNA G+C content 769:783 DNA G+C content of 72 mol% 769:794 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 14 theme flexuous 395:402 arg1 chain 410:414 flexuous spore chain 395:414 the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8) 371:479 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 5 15 theme Streptomyces 884:895 arg1 n20T 912:915 Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T 884:915 Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) 884:925 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 5 15 theme Streptomyces 884:895 arg1 % 924:924 99.16 % 918:924 99.16 % 918:924 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 5 16 dep Streptomyces 931:942 arg1 siamensis 944:952 siamensis 944:952 siamensis 944:952 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 5 17 theme monophyletic 992:1003 arg1 clade 1005:1009 a monophyletic clade 990:1009 a monophyletic clade with them 990:1019 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 6 18 theme name 1313:1316 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp 1309:1348 the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp 1309:1348 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 0 19 theme krungchingensis 13:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Streptomyces krungchingensis sp 0:30 Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 0:31 Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 6 20 theme novel 1258:1262 arg1 species 1264:1270 a novel species 1256:1270 a novel species 1256:1270 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 6 21 theme relatedness 1128:1138 arg1 properties 1088:1097 phenotypic properties 1077:1097 phenotypic properties 1077:1097 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 6 21 theme relatedness 1128:1138 arg1 level 1111:1115 the low level 1103:1115 the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness 1103:1138 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 4 22 theme members 360:366 arg1 typical 349:355 typical 349:355 typical 349:355 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 5 23 theme strain 843:848 arg1 KC-035T 850:856 strain KC-035T 843:856 strain KC-035T 843:856 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 8 24 theme 29503T=TISTR 1416:1427 arg1 2402T 1429:1433 =NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T 1397:1433 =NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T 1397:1433 The type strain is KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T). 27902254 8 24 theme 29503T=TISTR 1416:1427 arg1 KC-035T 1388:1394 KC-035T 1388:1394 KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T) 1388:1434 The type strain is KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T). 27902254 0 25 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 29:30 Streptomyces krungchingensis sp 0:30 Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 0:31 Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 2 26 theme novel 61:65 arg1 actinomycete 67:78 A novel actinomycete 59:78 A novel actinomycete 59:78 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KC-035T, was isolated from soil collected from Krung Ching Waterfall National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. 27902254 4 27 theme G+C 773:775 arg1 content 777:783 DNA G+C content 769:783 DNA G+C content of 72 mol% 769:794 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 28 theme genus 375:379 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 593:612 phosphatidylinositol 593:612 phosphatidylinositol 593:612 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 28 theme genus 375:379 arg1 MK-9 482:485 MK-9 482:485 MK-9 482:485 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 28 theme genus 375:379 arg1 H4 500:501 H4 500:501 H4 500:501 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 28 theme genus 375:379 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 545:568 phosphatidylethanolamine 545:568 phosphatidylethanolamine 545:568 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 28 theme genus 375:379 arg1 H6 487:488 H6 487:488 H6 487:488 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 28 theme genus 375:379 arg1 H8 477:478 H8 477:478 H8 477:478 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 28 theme genus 375:379 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 571:590 phosphatidylglycerol 571:590 phosphatidylglycerol 571:590 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 28 theme genus 375:379 arg1 Streptomyces 381:392 the genus Streptomyces 371:392 the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8) 371:479 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 3 29 theme taxonomic 227:235 arg1 position 237:244 Its taxonomic position 223:244 Its taxonomic position 223:244 Its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27902254 6 30 theme phenotypic 1077:1086 arg1 properties 1088:1097 phenotypic properties 1077:1097 phenotypic properties 1077:1097 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 6 31 theme Streptomyces 1318:1329 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp 1309:1348 the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp 1309:1348 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 5 32 theme high 865:868 arg1 similarity 870:879 high similarity 865:879 high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) 865:970 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 4 33 dep properties 338:347 arg1  0 715:716  0 715:716  0 715:716 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 33 dep properties 338:347 arg1 content 777:783 DNA G+C content 769:783 DNA G+C content of 72 mol% 769:794 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 33 dep properties 338:347 arg1 iso-C15  706:713 iso-C15  706:713 iso-C15  706:713 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 33 dep properties 338:347 arg1  0 702:703  0 702:703  0 702:703 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 33 dep properties 338:347 arg1  0 731:732  0 731:732  0 as major cellular fatty acids 731:762 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 6 34 theme krungchingensis 1331:1345 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp 1309:1348 the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp 1309:1348 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 4 35 theme fatty 752:756 arg1 acids 758:762 major cellular fatty acids 737:762 major cellular fatty acids 737:762 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 6 36 dep comparison 1063:1072 arg1 basis 1054:1058 basis 1054:1058 basis 1054:1058 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 6 36 dep comparison 1063:1072 arg1 the 1050:1052 the 1050:1052 the 1050:1052 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 2 37 theme strain 92:97 arg1 KC-035T 99:105 strain KC-035T 92:105 strain KC-035T 92:105 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KC-035T, was isolated from soil collected from Krung Ching Waterfall National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. 27902254 6 38 theme Streptomyces 1204:1215 arg1 species 1217:1223 its closely related Streptomyces species 1184:1223 its closely related Streptomyces species 1184:1223 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 4 39 theme cellular 743:750 arg1 acids 758:762 major cellular fatty acids 737:762 major cellular fatty acids 737:762 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 40 theme phosphatidylinositol 618:637 arg1 mannoside 639:647 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 618:647 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 618:647 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 6 41 theme Streptomyces 1285:1296 arg1 species 1264:1270 a novel species 1256:1270 a novel species 1256:1270 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 5 42 theme phylogenetic 1028:1039 arg1 tree 1041:1044 the phylogenetic tree 1024:1044 the phylogenetic tree 1024:1044 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 4 43 from acid 435:438 arg1 peptidoglycan 457:469 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 443:469 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 443:469 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 44 theme cell-wall 447:455 arg1 peptidoglycan 457:469 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 443:469 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 443:469 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 5 45 theme Streptomyces 931:942 arg1 KC-038T 954:960 Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T 931:960 Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) 931:970 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 5 45 theme Streptomyces 931:942 arg1 % 969:969 98.43 % 963:969 98.43 % 963:969 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 4 46 theme chemotaxonomic 323:336 arg1 properties 338:347 chemotaxonomic properties 323:347 chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol 323:612 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 46 theme chemotaxonomic 323:336 arg1 C16  684:687 C16  684:687 C16  684:687 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 5 47 theme sequence 811:818 arg1 analysis 820:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 797:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 797:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 6 48 theme genus 1279:1283 arg1 Streptomyces 1285:1296 the genus Streptomyces 1275:1296 the genus Streptomyces 1275:1296 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 4 49 theme MK-9 495:498 arg1 members 360:366 members 360:366 members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol 360:612 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 8 50 theme 110087T=KCTC 1403:1414 arg1 2402T 1429:1433 =NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T 1397:1433 =NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T 1397:1433 The type strain is KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T). 27902254 8 50 theme 110087T=KCTC 1403:1414 arg1 KC-035T 1388:1394 KC-035T 1388:1394 KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T) 1388:1434 The type strain is KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T). 27902254 3 51 theme polyphasic 269:278 arg1 approach 280:287 a polyphasic approach 267:287 a polyphasic approach 267:287 Its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. 27902254 4 52 theme typical 349:355 arg1 properties 338:347 chemotaxonomic properties 323:347 chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol 323:612 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 52 theme typical 349:355 arg1 C16  684:687 C16  684:687 C16  684:687 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 5 53 with clade 1005:1009 arg1 them 1016:1019 them 1016:1019 them 1016:1019 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 6 54 theme strain 1141:1146 arg1 KC-035T 1148:1154 strain KC-035T 1141:1154 strain KC-035T 1141:1154 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 6 55 theme properties 1088:1097 arg1 comparison 1063:1072 comparison 1063:1072 comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness 1063:1138 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 8 56 theme type 1373:1376 arg1 KC-035T 1388:1394 KC-035T 1388:1394 KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T) 1388:1434 The type strain is KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T). 27902254 8 56 theme type 1373:1376 arg1 strain 1378:1383 The type strain 1369:1383 The type strain 1369:1383 The type strain is KC-035T (=NBRC 110087T=KCTC 29503T=TISTR 2402T). 27902254 5 57 theme 16S 797:799 arg1 analysis 820:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 797:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 797:827 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KC-035T showed high similarity to Streptomyces albiflavescens n20T (99.16 %) and Streptomyces siamensis KC-038T (98.43 %) as well as formed a monophyletic clade with them in the phylogenetic tree. 27902254 6 58 theme level 1111:1115 arg1 comparison 1063:1072 comparison 1063:1072 comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness 1063:1138 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 4 59 theme ll-diaminopimelic 417:433 arg1 acid 435:438 ll-diaminopimelic acid 417:438 the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8) 371:479 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 4 60 theme major 737:741 arg1 acids 758:762 major cellular fatty acids 737:762 major cellular fatty acids 737:762 The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces: flexuous spore chain; ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as menaquinones; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as phospholipids; anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids; and DNA G+C content of 72 mol%. 27902254 6 61 theme low 1107:1109 arg1 level 1111:1115 the low level 1103:1115 the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness 1103:1138 On the basis of comparison of phenotypic properties and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain KC-035T could be distinguished from its closely related Streptomyces species and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces krungchingensis sp. 27902254 2 62 attach isolated 112:119 arg1 soil 126:129 soil 126:129 soil collected from Krung Ching Waterfall National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand 126:220 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KC-035T, was isolated from soil collected from Krung Ching Waterfall National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. 27902254 2 62 attach isolated 112:119 arg2 actinomycete 67:78 A novel actinomycete 59:78 A novel actinomycete 59:78 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KC-035T, was isolated from soil collected from Krung Ching Waterfall National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. 27550419 5 0 theme closest 735:741 arg1 species 743:749 the closest species 731:749 the closest species 731:749 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished the novel strain from the closest species were below 70 %. 27550419 10 1 dep acids 1161:1165 arg1 iso-C16  1167:1174 iso-C16  1167:1174 iso-C16  1167:1174 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 12 2 theme subglobosus 1420:1430 arg1 sp 1432:1433 the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1378:1433 the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1378:1433 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 4 3 theme 98.82  561:566 arg1 NEAU-M9 552:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 526:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 526:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 3 theme 98.82  561:566 arg1 similarity 592:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 11 4 theme DNA 1227:1229 arg1 % 1241:1241 71 mol% 1235:1241 71 mol% 1235:1241 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27550419 11 4 theme DNA 1227:1229 arg1 content 1204:1210 The G+C content 1196:1210 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1196:1229 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27550419 4 5 theme rRNA 382:385 arg1 sequence 392:399 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 374:399 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 374:399 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 6 theme A-T 449:451 arg1 5400T 453:457 strain A-T 5400T 442:457 strain A-T 5400T 442:457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 2 7 theme bacterial 98:106 arg1 strain 108:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 78:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 78:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 2 7 theme bacterial 98:106 arg1 5400T 120:124 A-T 5400T 116:124 A-T 5400T 116:124 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 4 8 theme 16S 378:380 arg1 rRNA 382:385 The 16S rRNA 374:385 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 374:399 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 1 9 theme mixed 49:53 arg1 soil 72:75 mixed deciduous forest soil 49:75 mixed deciduous forest soil 49:75 nov., isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil. 27550419 12 10 from studies 1309:1315 arg1 evidence 1254:1261 Following evidence 1244:1261 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1244:1315 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 12 10 from studies 1309:1315 arg1 isolate 1326:1332 the new isolate 1318:1332 the new isolate 1318:1332 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 4 11 theme 16S 569:571 arg1 NEAU-M9 552:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 526:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 526:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 11 theme 16S 569:571 arg1 similarity 592:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 2 12 from end 171:173 arg1 mycelia 207:213 substrate mycelia 197:213 substrate mycelia 197:213 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 12 13 theme Actinoplanes 1407:1418 arg1 sp 1432:1433 the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1378:1433 the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1378:1433 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 10 14 theme predominant 1075:1085 arg1 acids 1131:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 14 theme predominant 1075:1085 arg1 acids 1102:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1071:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1071:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 1 15 theme deciduous 55:63 arg1 soil 72:75 mixed deciduous forest soil 49:75 mixed deciduous forest soil 49:75 nov., isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil. 27550419 2 16 from mycelia 207:213 arg1 end 171:173 the end 167:173 the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia 167:213 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 4 17 theme % 567:567 arg1 NEAU-M9 552:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 526:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 526:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 17 theme % 567:567 arg1 similarity 592:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 5 18 theme novel 713:717 arg1 strain 719:724 the novel strain 709:724 the novel strain from the closest species 709:749 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished the novel strain from the closest species were below 70 %. 27550419 12 19 theme named 1401:1405 arg1 sp 1432:1433 the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1378:1433 the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1378:1433 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 4 20 theme gene 387:390 arg1 sequence 392:399 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 374:399 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 374:399 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 1 21 theme forest 65:70 arg1 soil 72:75 mixed deciduous forest soil 49:75 mixed deciduous forest soil 49:75 nov., isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil. 27550419 12 22 theme genotypic 1299:1307 arg1 studies 1309:1315 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1268:1315 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1268:1315 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 12 23 theme chemotaxonomic 1280:1293 arg1 studies 1309:1315 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1268:1315 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1268:1315 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 2 24 from sporangiophores 178:192 arg1 mycelia 207:213 substrate mycelia 197:213 substrate mycelia 197:213 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 4 25 theme genus 475:479 arg1 Actinoplanes 481:492 the genus Actinoplanes 471:492 the genus Actinoplanes 471:492 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 2 26 theme forest 250:255 arg1 soil 257:260 mixed deciduous forest soil 234:260 mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand 234:282 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 4 27 theme NBRC 636:639 arg1 13878T 641:646 Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T 608:646 Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %) 608:656 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 27 theme NBRC 636:639 arg1 % 655:655 98.75 % 649:655 98.75 % 649:655 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 0 28 theme subglobosus 13:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 0:26 Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 0:27 Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 10 29 theme fatty 1125:1129 arg1 acids 1131:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 29 theme fatty 1125:1129 arg1 C16  1137:1140 C16  1137:1140 C16  1137:1140 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 29 theme fatty 1125:1129 arg1 acids 1102:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1071:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1071:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 29 theme fatty 1125:1129 arg1 acids 1161:1165 branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1146:1193 branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1146:1193 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 30 theme fatty 1155:1159 arg1 acids 1131:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 30 theme fatty 1155:1159 arg1 acids 1161:1165 branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1146:1193 branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1146:1193 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 11 31 theme G+C 1200:1202 arg1 % 1241:1241 71 mol% 1235:1241 71 mol% 1235:1241 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27550419 11 31 theme G+C 1200:1202 arg1 content 1204:1210 The G+C content 1196:1210 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1196:1229 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27550419 7 32 theme whole-cell 836:845 arg1 ribose 859:864 ribose 859:864 ribose 859:864 The whole-cell sugars were ribose, galactose, glucose and xylose. 27550419 7 32 theme whole-cell 836:845 arg1 sugars 847:852 The whole-cell sugars 832:852 The whole-cell sugars 832:852 The whole-cell sugars were ribose, galactose, glucose and xylose. 27550419 12 33 theme genus 1382:1386 arg1 sp 1432:1433 the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1378:1433 the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1378:1433 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 0 34 theme Actinoplanes 0:11 arg1 sp 25:26 Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 0:26 Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 0:27 Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 4 35 theme hulinensis 540:549 arg1 similarity 592:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 35 theme hulinensis 540:549 arg1 NEAU-M9 552:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 526:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 526:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 10 36 theme cellular 1087:1094 arg1 acids 1131:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 36 theme cellular 1087:1094 arg1 acids 1102:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1071:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1071:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 12 37 theme sp 1432:1433 arg1 species 1367:1373 a novel species 1359:1373 a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1359:1433 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 3 38 theme polyphasic 353:362 arg1 approach 364:371 a polyphasic approach 351:371 a polyphasic approach 351:371 The taxonomic position of this micro-organism was described using a polyphasic approach. 27550419 4 39 theme Actinoplanes 527:538 arg1 similarity 592:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 39 theme Actinoplanes 527:538 arg1 NEAU-M9 552:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 526:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 526:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 5 40 theme DNA-DNA 663:669 arg1 values 683:688 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 659:688 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished the novel strain from the closest species 659:749 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished the novel strain from the closest species were below 70 %. 27550419 14 41 theme 5832T=NBRC 1488:1497 arg1 109645T 1499:1505 =BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T 1471:1505 =BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T 1471:1505 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 14 41 theme 5832T=NBRC 1488:1497 arg1 5400T 1464:1468 A-T 5400T 1460:1468 A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T) 1460:1506 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 5 42 theme relatedness 671:681 arg1 values 683:688 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 659:688 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished the novel strain from the closest species 659:749 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished the novel strain from the closest species were below 70 %. 27550419 4 43 theme strain 442:447 arg1 5400T 453:457 strain A-T 5400T 442:457 strain A-T 5400T 442:457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 12 44 theme novel 1361:1365 arg1 species 1367:1373 a novel species 1359:1373 a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1359:1433 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 12 45 theme Actinoplanes 1388:1399 arg1 sp 1432:1433 the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1378:1433 the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp 1378:1433 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 11 46 theme genomic 1219:1225 arg1 DNA 1227:1229 the genomic DNA 1215:1229 the genomic DNA 1215:1229 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27550419 12 47 theme phenotypic 1268:1277 arg1 studies 1309:1315 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1268:1315 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1268:1315 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 10 48 theme branched 1146:1153 arg1 acids 1131:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 48 theme branched 1146:1153 arg1 acids 1161:1165 branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1146:1193 branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1146:1193 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 49 dep acids 1131:1135 arg1  1 1142:1143  1 1142:1143  1 1142:1143 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 4 50 theme philippinensis 621:634 arg1 13878T 641:646 Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T 608:646 Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %) 608:656 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 50 theme philippinensis 621:634 arg1 % 655:655 98.75 % 649:655 98.75 % 649:655 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 14 51 theme 42734T=TBRC 1476:1486 arg1 109645T 1499:1505 =BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T 1471:1505 =BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T 1471:1505 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 14 51 theme 42734T=TBRC 1476:1486 arg1 5400T 1464:1468 A-T 5400T 1460:1468 A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T) 1460:1506 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 2 52 theme filamentous 86:96 arg1 strain 108:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 78:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 78:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 2 52 theme filamentous 86:96 arg1 5400T 120:124 A-T 5400T 116:124 A-T 5400T 116:124 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 9 53 theme diagnostic 944:953 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 974:997 phosphatidylethanolamine 974:997 phosphatidylethanolamine 974:997 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 27550419 9 53 theme diagnostic 944:953 arg1 phospholipids 955:967 The diagnostic phospholipids 940:967 The diagnostic phospholipids 940:967 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 27550419 8 54 theme predominant 902:912 arg1 menaquinone 914:924 The predominant menaquinone 898:924 The predominant menaquinone 898:924 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 27550419 8 54 theme predominant 902:912 arg1 MK-9 930:933 MK-9 930:933 MK-9(H4) 930:937 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 27550419 4 55 theme Actinoplanes 608:619 arg1 13878T 641:646 Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T 608:646 Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %) 608:656 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 55 theme Actinoplanes 608:619 arg1 % 655:655 98.75 % 649:655 98.75 % 649:655 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 2 56 theme novel 80:84 arg1 strain 108:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 78:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 78:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 2 56 theme novel 80:84 arg1 5400T 120:124 A-T 5400T 116:124 A-T 5400T 116:124 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 2 57 theme subglobose 143:152 arg1 sporangia 154:162 subglobose sporangia 143:162 subglobose sporangia 143:162 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 10 58 dep iso-C16  1167:1174 arg1  0 1192:1193  0 1192:1193  0 1192:1193 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 58 dep iso-C16  1167:1174 arg1 iso-C15  1183:1190 iso-C15  1183:1190 iso-C15  1183:1190 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 58 dep iso-C16  1167:1174 arg1  0 1176:1177  0 1176:1177  0 1176:1177 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 59 theme unsaturated 1113:1123 arg1 acids 1131:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 59 theme unsaturated 1113:1123 arg1 C16  1137:1140 C16  1137:1140 C16  1137:1140 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 59 theme unsaturated 1113:1123 arg1 acids 1102:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1071:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1071:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 59 theme unsaturated 1113:1123 arg1 acids 1161:1165 branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1146:1193 branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1146:1193 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 60 theme fatty 1096:1100 arg1 acids 1131:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 unsaturated fatty acids 1113:1135 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 10 60 theme fatty 1096:1100 arg1 acids 1102:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1071:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1071:1106 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27550419 3 61 theme taxonomic 289:297 arg1 position 299:306 The taxonomic position 285:306 The taxonomic position of this micro-organism 285:329 The taxonomic position of this micro-organism was described using a polyphasic approach. 27550419 4 62 theme phylogenetic 405:416 arg1 analysis 418:425 phylogenetic analysis 405:425 phylogenetic analysis 405:425 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 2 63 theme substrate 197:205 arg1 mycelia 207:213 substrate mycelia 197:213 substrate mycelia 197:213 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 12 64 theme Following 1244:1252 arg1 evidence 1254:1261 Following evidence 1244:1261 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1244:1315 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 12 64 theme Following 1244:1252 arg1 isolate 1326:1332 the new isolate 1318:1332 the new isolate 1318:1332 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 2 65 theme sporangiophores 178:192 arg1 end 171:173 the end 167:173 the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia 167:213 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 2 66 theme deciduous 240:248 arg1 soil 257:260 mixed deciduous forest soil 234:260 mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand 234:282 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 6 67 theme cell-wall 772:780 arg1 peptidoglycan 782:794 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 768:794 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 768:794 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27550419 14 68 theme =BCC 1471:1474 arg1 109645T 1499:1505 =BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T 1471:1505 =BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T 1471:1505 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 14 68 theme =BCC 1471:1474 arg1 5400T 1464:1468 A-T 5400T 1460:1468 A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T) 1460:1506 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 4 69 theme gene 578:581 arg1 NEAU-M9 552:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 526:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 526:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 69 theme gene 578:581 arg1 similarity 592:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 11 70 theme 71 mol 1235:1240 arg1 % 1241:1241 71 mol% 1235:1241 71 mol% 1235:1241 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27550419 11 70 theme 71 mol 1235:1240 arg1 content 1204:1210 The G+C content 1196:1210 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1196:1229 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27550419 6 71 theme meso-diaminopimelic 806:824 arg1 acid 826:829 meso-diaminopimelic acid 806:829 meso-diaminopimelic acid 806:829 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27550419 2 72 theme mixed 234:238 arg1 soil 257:260 mixed deciduous forest soil 234:260 mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand 234:282 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 4 73 theme rRNA 573:576 arg1 NEAU-M9 552:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 526:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 526:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 73 theme rRNA 573:576 arg1 similarity 592:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 14 74 theme type 1445:1448 arg1 strain 1450:1455 The type strain 1441:1455 The type strain 1441:1455 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 14 74 theme type 1445:1448 arg1 5400T 1464:1468 A-T 5400T 1460:1468 A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T) 1460:1506 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 12 75 theme new 1322:1324 arg1 evidence 1254:1261 Following evidence 1244:1261 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1244:1315 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 12 75 theme new 1322:1324 arg1 isolate 1326:1332 the new isolate 1318:1332 the new isolate 1318:1332 Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. 27550419 6 76 contain contained 796:804 arg2 acid 826:829 meso-diaminopimelic acid 806:829 meso-diaminopimelic acid 806:829 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27550419 6 76 contain contained 796:804 arg1 peptidoglycan 782:794 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 768:794 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 768:794 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27550419 5 77 from species 743:749 arg1 strain 719:724 the novel strain 709:724 the novel strain from the closest species 709:749 The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished the novel strain from the closest species were below 70 %. 27550419 2 78 attach isolated 220:227 arg1 soil 257:260 mixed deciduous forest soil 234:260 mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand 234:282 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 2 78 attach isolated 220:227 arg2 strain 108:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 78:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 78:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 2 78 attach isolated 220:227 arg2 5400T 120:124 A-T 5400T 116:124 A-T 5400T 116:124 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 3 79 theme micro-organism 316:329 arg1 position 299:306 The taxonomic position 285:306 The taxonomic position of this micro-organism 285:329 The taxonomic position of this micro-organism was described using a polyphasic approach. 27550419 2 80 theme A-T 116:118 arg1 strain 108:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 78:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 78:113 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 2 80 theme A-T 116:118 arg1 5400T 120:124 A-T 5400T 116:124 A-T 5400T 116:124 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. 27550419 14 81 theme A-T 1460:1462 arg1 strain 1450:1455 The type strain 1441:1455 The type strain 1441:1455 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 14 81 theme A-T 1460:1462 arg1 5400T 1464:1468 A-T 5400T 1460:1468 A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T) 1460:1506 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 14 81 theme A-T 1460:1462 arg1 109645T 1499:1505 =BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T 1471:1505 =BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T 1471:1505 The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T). 27550419 4 82 theme sequence 583:590 arg1 NEAU-M9 552:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 526:558 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 526:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 27550419 4 82 theme sequence 583:590 arg1 similarity 592:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 561:601 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to 'Actinoplanes hulinensis' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). 26843374 7 0 theme genus 1115:1119 arg1 species 1098:1104 a novel species 1090:1104 a novel species 1090:1104 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 9 1 theme species 1287:1293 arg1 strain 1268:1273 The type strain 1259:1273 The type strain of the type species 1259:1293 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 9 1 theme species 1287:1293 arg1 NK26-11T 1298:1305 NK26-11T 1298:1305 NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T) 1298:1346 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 6 2 theme rRNA 586:589 arg1 analysis 606:613 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis 582:613 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis 582:613 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 3 dep Tuberibacillus 835:848 arg1 calidus 850:856 calidus 850:856 calidus 850:856 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 4 theme Tuberibacillus 835:848 arg1 13397T 862:867 Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T 835:867 Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) 835:877 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 4 theme Tuberibacillus 835:848 arg1 % 876:876 92.98 % 870:876 92.98 % 870:876 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 7 5 theme DNA 1053:1055 arg1 content 1061:1067 DNA G+C content 1053:1067 DNA G+C content 1053:1067 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 6 6 theme Sporolactobacillus 785:802 arg1 % 831:831 92.99 % 825:831 92.99 % 825:831 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 6 theme Sporolactobacillus 785:802 arg1 1133T 818:822 Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T 785:822 Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %) 785:832 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 7 theme 16S 582:584 arg1 analysis 606:613 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis 582:613 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis 582:613 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 9 8 theme  = LMG 1308:1313 arg1 335T 1342:1345  = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T 1308:1345  = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T 1308:1345 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 9 8 theme  = LMG 1308:1313 arg1 NK26-11T 1298:1305 NK26-11T 1298:1305 NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T) 1298:1346 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 2 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 76:94 arg1 spore-forming 141:153 spore-forming 141:153 spore-forming 141:153 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 2 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 76:94 arg1 catalase-positive 97:113 catalase-positive 97:113 catalase-positive 97:113 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 2 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 76:94 arg1 anaerobic 130:138 anaerobic 130:138 anaerobic 130:138 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 2 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 76:94 arg1 rod-shaped 156:165 rod-shaped 156:165 rod-shaped 156:165 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 7 10 theme phenotypic 1022:1031 arg1 characteristics 1033:1047 phenotypic characteristics 1022:1047 phenotypic characteristics 1022:1047 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 9 11 theme 27803T = TISTR 1315:1328 arg1 335T 1342:1345  = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T 1308:1345  = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T 1308:1345 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 9 11 theme 27803T = TISTR 1315:1328 arg1 NK26-11T 1298:1305 NK26-11T 1298:1305 NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T) 1298:1346 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 4 12 contain contained 362:370 arg1 peptidoglycan 348:360 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 334:360 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 334:360 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26843374 4 12 contain contained 362:370 arg2 acid 392:395 meso-diaminopimelic acid 372:395 meso-diaminopimelic acid 372:395 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26843374 7 13 theme Strain 934:939 arg1 NK26-11T 941:948 Strain NK26-11T 934:948 Strain NK26-11T 934:948 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 6 14 theme LMG 763:765 arg1 12887T 767:772 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T 733:772 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %) 733:782 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 14 theme LMG 763:765 arg1 % 781:781 93.32 % 775:781 93.32 % 775:781 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 15 theme JCM 677:679 arg1 18994T 681:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T 655:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 655:730 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 15 theme JCM 677:679 arg1 similarity 720:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 3 16 from homofermentatively 279:296 arg1 acid 261:264 d-lactic acid 252:264 d-lactic acid from glucose homofermentatively 252:296 This strain produced d-lactic acid from glucose homofermentatively, and grew at 20-45 °C and pH 5-8.5. 26843374 9 17 theme 2241T = PCU 1330:1340 arg1 335T 1342:1345  = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T 1308:1345  = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T 1308:1345 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 9 17 theme 2241T = PCU 1330:1340 arg1 NK26-11T 1298:1305 NK26-11T 1298:1305 NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T) 1298:1346 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 6 18 theme solimangrovi 664:675 arg1 18994T 681:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T 655:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 655:730 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 18 theme solimangrovi 664:675 arg1 similarity 720:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 2 19 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 bacterium 167:175 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 74:175 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 74:175 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 2 19 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 soil 213:216 soil 213:216 soil 213:216 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 2 19 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 NK26-11T 185:192 strain NK26-11T 178:192 strain NK26-11T 178:192 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 6 20 theme DSM 909:911 arg1 16966T 913:918 Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T 883:918 Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %) 883:931 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 20 theme DSM 909:911 arg1 % 930:930  < 90.93 % 921:930  < 90.93 % 921:930 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 3 21 theme d-lactic 252:259 arg1 acid 261:264 d-lactic acid 252:264 d-lactic acid from glucose homofermentatively 252:296 This strain produced d-lactic acid from glucose homofermentatively, and grew at 20-45 °C and pH 5-8.5. 26843374 6 22 theme Pullulanibacillus 733:749 arg1 12887T 767:772 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T 733:772 Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %) 733:782 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 22 theme Pullulanibacillus 733:749 arg1 % 781:781 93.32 % 775:781 93.32 % 775:781 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 7 23 theme novel 1092:1096 arg1 species 1098:1104 a novel species 1090:1104 a novel species 1090:1104 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 6 24 theme Bacillus 655:662 arg1 18994T 681:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T 655:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 655:730 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 24 theme Bacillus 655:662 arg1 similarity 720:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 0 25 theme laevilacticus 19:31 arg1 nov. 38:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 0:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 0:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 7 26 theme related 998:1004 arg1 genera 1006:1011 the closely related genera 986:1011 the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content 986:1067 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 4 27 theme meso-diaminopimelic 372:390 arg1 acid 392:395 meso-diaminopimelic acid 372:395 meso-diaminopimelic acid 372:395 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26843374 5 28 dep anteiso-C15  529:540 arg1  0 562:563  0 562:563  0 562:563 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 28 dep anteiso-C15  529:540 arg1 anteiso-C17  549:560 anteiso-C17  549:560 anteiso-C17  549:560 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 28 dep anteiso-C15  529:540 arg1  0 542:543  0 542:543  0 542:543 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 0 29 theme Terrilactibacillus 0:17 arg1 nov. 38:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 0:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 0:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 5 30 theme G+C 462:464 arg1 content 466:472 the DNA G+C content 454:472 the DNA G+C content 454:472 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 30 theme G+C 462:464 arg1 % 486:486 42.6 mol% 478:486 42.6 mol% 478:486 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 6 31 theme NRIC 813:816 arg1 % 831:831 92.99 % 825:831 92.99 % 825:831 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 31 theme NRIC 813:816 arg1 1133T 818:822 Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T 785:822 Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %) 785:832 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 7 32 theme new 1111:1113 arg1 genus 1115:1119 a new genus 1109:1119 a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster 1109:1171 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 6 33 theme % 695:695 arg1 similarity 720:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 33 theme % 695:695 arg1 18994T 681:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T 655:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 655:730 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 3 34 theme glucose 271:277 arg1 homofermentatively 279:296 glucose homofermentatively 271:296 glucose homofermentatively 271:296 This strain produced d-lactic acid from glucose homofermentatively, and grew at 20-45 °C and pH 5-8.5. 26843374 7 35 theme gen. 1226:1229 arg1 nov. 1231:1234 the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 1184:1234 the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 1184:1234 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 0 36 theme gen. 33:36 arg1 nov. 38:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 0:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 0:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 7 37 theme Sporolactobacillus 1146:1163 arg1 cluster 1165:1171 the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster 1129:1171 the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster 1129:1171 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 2 38 theme strain 178:183 arg1 bacterium 167:175 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 74:175 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 74:175 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 2 38 theme strain 178:183 arg1 NK26-11T 185:192 strain NK26-11T 178:192 strain NK26-11T 178:192 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 5 39 theme 42.6 mol 478:485 arg1 content 466:472 the DNA G+C content 454:472 the DNA G+C content 454:472 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 39 theme 42.6 mol 478:485 arg1 % 486:486 42.6 mol% 478:486 42.6 mol% 478:486 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 7 40 theme Terrilactibacillus 1193:1210 arg1 nov. 1231:1234 the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 1184:1234 the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 1184:1234 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 9 41 theme type 1263:1266 arg1 strain 1268:1273 The type strain 1259:1273 The type strain of the type species 1259:1293 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 9 41 theme type 1263:1266 arg1 NK26-11T 1298:1305 NK26-11T 1298:1305 NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T) 1298:1346 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 7 42 dep sp 1237:1238 arg1 nov. 1231:1234 the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 1184:1234 the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 1184:1234 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 4 43 theme cell-wall 338:346 arg1 peptidoglycan 348:360 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 334:360 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 334:360 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26843374 7 44 theme G+C 1057:1059 arg1 content 1061:1067 DNA G+C content 1053:1067 DNA G+C content 1053:1067 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 2 45 theme Gram-stain-positive 76:94 arg1 bacterium 167:175 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 74:175 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 74:175 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 2 45 theme Gram-stain-positive 76:94 arg1 NK26-11T 185:192 strain NK26-11T 178:192 strain NK26-11T 178:192 A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. 26843374 6 46 theme Thalassobacillus 883:898 arg1 16966T 913:918 Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T 883:918 Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %) 883:931 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 46 theme Thalassobacillus 883:898 arg1 % 930:930  < 90.93 % 921:930  < 90.93 % 921:930 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 0 47 dep sp 44:45 arg1 nov. 38:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 0:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 0:41 Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 6 48 theme gene 706:709 arg1 similarity 720:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 48 theme gene 706:709 arg1 18994T 681:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T 655:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 655:730 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 49 dep Pullulanibacillus 733:749 arg1 naganoensis 751:761 naganoensis 751:761 naganoensis 751:761 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 50 theme rRNA 701:704 arg1 similarity 720:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 50 theme rRNA 701:704 arg1 18994T 681:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T 655:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 655:730 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 7 51 theme name 1188:1191 arg1 nov. 1231:1234 the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 1184:1234 the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov. 1184:1234 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 6 52 theme strain 616:621 arg1 NK26-11T 623:630 strain NK26-11T 616:630 strain NK26-11T 616:630 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 7 53 dep Terrilactibacillus 1193:1210 arg1 laevilacticus 1212:1224 laevilacticus 1212:1224 laevilacticus 1212:1224 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 6 54 theme 16S 697:699 arg1 similarity 720:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 54 theme 16S 697:699 arg1 18994T 681:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T 655:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 655:730 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 5 55 theme major 402:406 arg1 menaquinone 432:442 menaquinone 7 432:444 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 432:451 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 55 theme major 402:406 arg1 quinone 420:426 The major respiratory quinone 398:426 The major respiratory quinone 398:426 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 6 56 theme sequence 711:718 arg1 similarity 720:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 689:729 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 56 theme sequence 711:718 arg1 18994T 681:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T 655:686 Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 655:730 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 5 57 theme major 497:501 arg1 anteiso-C15  529:540 anteiso-C15  529:540 anteiso-C15  529:540 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 57 theme major 497:501 arg1 acids 518:522 the major cellular fatty acids 493:522 the major cellular fatty acids 493:522 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 6 58 theme analysis 606:613 arg1 basis 573:577 the basis 569:577 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis 569:613 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 5 59 theme respiratory 408:418 arg1 menaquinone 432:442 menaquinone 7 432:444 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 432:451 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 59 theme respiratory 408:418 arg1 quinone 420:426 The major respiratory quinone 398:426 The major respiratory quinone 398:426 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 6 60 dep Thalassobacillus 883:898 arg1 devorans 900:907 devorans 900:907 devorans 900:907 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 5 61 theme cellular 503:510 arg1 anteiso-C15  529:540 anteiso-C15  529:540 anteiso-C15  529:540 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 61 theme cellular 503:510 arg1 acids 518:522 the major cellular fatty acids 493:522 the major cellular fatty acids 493:522 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 62 theme DNA 458:460 arg1 content 466:472 the DNA G+C content 454:472 the DNA G+C content 454:472 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 62 theme DNA 458:460 arg1 % 486:486 42.6 mol% 478:486 42.6 mol% 478:486 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 7 63 theme Bacillus 1133:1140 arg1 cluster 1165:1171 the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster 1129:1171 the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster 1129:1171 Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. 26843374 6 64 theme JCM 858:860 arg1 13397T 862:867 Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T 835:867 Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) 835:877 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 64 theme JCM 858:860 arg1 % 876:876 92.98 % 870:876 92.98 % 870:876 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 65 theme sequences 596:604 arg1 analysis 606:613 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis 582:613 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis 582:613 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 5 66 theme fatty 512:516 arg1 anteiso-C15  529:540 anteiso-C15  529:540 anteiso-C15  529:540 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 5 66 theme fatty 512:516 arg1 acids 518:522 the major cellular fatty acids 493:522 the major cellular fatty acids 493:522 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26843374 9 67 theme type 1282:1285 arg1 species 1287:1293 the type species 1278:1293 the type species 1278:1293 The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T). 26843374 6 68 theme gene 591:594 arg1 analysis 606:613 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis 582:613 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis 582:613 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26843374 6 69 dep Sporolactobacillus 785:802 arg1 inulinus 804:811 inulinus 804:811 inulinus 804:811 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). 26311536 2 0 from sporangiophores 149:163 arg1 mycelia 178:184 substrate mycelia 168:184 substrate mycelia 168:184 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 13 1 theme  = BCC 1354:1359 arg1 109644T 1375:1381  = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T 1354:1381  = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T 1354:1381 The type strain is A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T). 26311536 13 1 theme  = BCC 1354:1359 arg1 5190T 1347:1351 A-T 5190T 1343:1351 A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T) 1343:1382 The type strain is A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T). 26311536 13 2 theme 41582T = NBRC 1361:1373 arg1 109644T 1375:1381  = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T 1354:1381  = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T 1354:1381 The type strain is A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T). 26311536 13 2 theme 41582T = NBRC 1361:1373 arg1 5190T 1347:1351 A-T 5190T 1343:1351 A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T) 1343:1382 The type strain is A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T). 26311536 9 3 theme predominant 925:935 arg1 acids 952:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids 921:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids 921:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 9 3 theme predominant 925:935 arg1 C17  986:989 unsaturated fatty acid C17  963:989 unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 963:1062 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 3 4 theme phylogenetic 285:296 arg1 analysis 298:305 phylogenetic analysis 285:305 phylogenetic analysis 285:305 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 5 theme Actinoplanes 467:478 arg1 13941T 499:504 Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T 467:504 Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %) 467:514 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 5 theme Actinoplanes 467:478 arg1 % 513:513 98.54 % 507:513 98.54 % 507:513 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 6 theme A-T 329:331 arg1 5190T 333:337 strain A-T 5190T 322:337 strain A-T 5190T 322:337 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 2 7 theme A-T 88:90 arg1 strain 80:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 50:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 50:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 2 7 theme A-T 88:90 arg1 5190T 92:96 A-T 5190T 88:96 A-T 5190T 88:96 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 11 8 theme genus 1243:1247 arg1 Actinoplanes 1249:1260 the genus Actinoplanes 1239:1260 the genus Actinoplanes 1239:1260 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 4 9 theme A-T 559:561 arg1 5190T 563:567 strain A-T 5190T 552:567 strain A-T 5190T 552:567 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A-T 5190T and its closest relatives were below 70 %. 26311536 9 10 theme fatty 975:979 arg1 acid 981:984 unsaturated fatty acid 963:984 unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 963:1062 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 10 11 theme genomic 1088:1094 arg1 DNA 1096:1098 the genomic DNA 1084:1098 the genomic DNA 1084:1098 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26311536 5 12 theme cell-wall 616:624 arg1 peptidoglycan 626:638 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 612:638 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 612:638 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26311536 11 13 theme genotypic 1160:1168 arg1 studies 1170:1176 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1129:1176 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1129:1176 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 2 14 attach isolated 191:198 arg2 strain 80:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 50:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 50:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 2 14 attach isolated 191:198 arg1 soil 226:229 dry evergreen forest soil 205:229 dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand 205:251 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 2 14 attach isolated 191:198 arg2 5190T 92:96 A-T 5190T 88:96 A-T 5190T 88:96 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 5 15 contain contained 640:648 arg1 peptidoglycan 626:638 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 612:638 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 612:638 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26311536 5 15 contain contained 640:648 arg2 acid 670:673 meso-diaminopimelic acid 650:673 meso-diaminopimelic acid 650:673 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26311536 11 16 theme name 1277:1280 arg1 sp 1302:1303 the name Actinoplanes luteus sp 1273:1303 the name Actinoplanes luteus sp 1273:1303 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 6 17 theme whole-cell 680:689 arg1 sugars 691:696 The whole-cell sugars 676:696 The whole-cell sugars 676:696 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, galactose and xylose. 26311536 3 18 theme strain 322:327 arg1 5190T 333:337 strain A-T 5190T 322:337 strain A-T 5190T 322:337 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 2 19 theme irregular 115:123 arg1 sporangia 125:133 irregular sporangia 115:133 irregular sporangia 115:133 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 9 20 theme fatty 1007:1011 arg1 acids 1013:1017 branched fatty acids 998:1017 branched fatty acids 998:1017 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 9 21 theme acid 981:984 arg1 acids 952:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids 921:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids 921:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 9 21 theme acid 981:984 arg1 C17  986:989 unsaturated fatty acid C17  963:989 unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 963:1062 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 3 22 theme genus 355:359 arg1 Actinoplanes 361:372 the genus Actinoplanes 351:372 the genus Actinoplanes 351:372 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 23 theme Actinoplanes 406:417 arg1 similarity 451:460 98.88 % similarity 443:460 98.88 % similarity 443:460 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 23 theme Actinoplanes 406:417 arg1 14916T 435:440 Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T 406:440 Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) 406:461 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 0 24 theme luteus 13:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Actinoplanes luteus sp 0:21 Actinoplanes luteus sp. 0:22 Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 10 25 theme DNA 1096:1098 arg1 % 1112:1112 71.9 mol% 1104:1112 71.9 mol% 1104:1112 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26311536 10 25 theme DNA 1096:1098 arg1 content 1073:1079 The G+C content 1065:1079 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1065:1098 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26311536 9 26 theme cellular 937:944 arg1 acids 952:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids 921:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids 921:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 9 26 theme cellular 937:944 arg1 C17  986:989 unsaturated fatty acid C17  963:989 unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 963:1062 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 0 27 theme Actinoplanes 0:11 arg1 sp 20:21 Actinoplanes luteus sp 0:21 Actinoplanes luteus sp. 0:22 Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 2 28 theme novel 52:56 arg1 strain 80:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 50:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 50:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 2 28 theme novel 52:56 arg1 5190T 92:96 A-T 5190T 88:96 A-T 5190T 88:96 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 11 29 theme strain 1192:1197 arg1 5190T 1203:1207 strain A-T 5190T 1192:1207 strain A-T 5190T 1192:1207 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 13 30 theme type 1328:1331 arg1 strain 1333:1338 The type strain 1324:1338 The type strain 1324:1338 The type strain is A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T). 26311536 13 30 theme type 1328:1331 arg1 5190T 1347:1351 A-T 5190T 1343:1351 A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T) 1343:1382 The type strain is A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T). 26311536 11 31 theme luteus 1295:1300 arg1 sp 1302:1303 the name Actinoplanes luteus sp 1273:1303 the name Actinoplanes luteus sp 1273:1303 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 10 32 theme 71.9 mol 1104:1111 arg1 % 1112:1112 71.9 mol% 1104:1112 71.9 mol% 1104:1112 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26311536 10 32 theme 71.9 mol 1104:1111 arg1 content 1073:1079 The G+C content 1065:1079 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1065:1098 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26311536 11 33 theme chemotaxonomic 1141:1154 arg1 studies 1170:1176 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1129:1176 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1129:1176 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 9 34 theme branched 998:1005 arg1 acids 1013:1017 branched fatty acids 998:1017 branched fatty acids 998:1017 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 4 35 theme relatedness 525:535 arg1 values 537:542 DNA-DNA relatedness values 517:542 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A-T 5190T and its closest relatives 517:593 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A-T 5190T and its closest relatives were below 70 %. 26311536 2 36 theme sporangiophores 149:163 arg1 end 142:144 the end 138:144 the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia 138:184 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 11 37 theme Actinoplanes 1249:1260 arg1 species 1228:1234 a novel species 1220:1234 a novel species 1220:1234 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 6 38 contain contained 698:706 arg2 xylose 740:745 xylose 740:745 xylose 740:745 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, galactose and xylose. 26311536 6 38 contain contained 698:706 arg2 galactose 726:734 galactose 726:734 galactose 726:734 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, galactose and xylose. 26311536 6 38 contain contained 698:706 arg2 ribose 718:723 ribose 718:723 ribose 718:723 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, galactose and xylose. 26311536 6 38 contain contained 698:706 arg2 rhamnose 708:715 rhamnose 708:715 rhamnose 708:715 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, galactose and xylose. 26311536 6 38 contain contained 698:706 arg1 sugars 691:696 The whole-cell sugars 676:696 The whole-cell sugars 676:696 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, galactose and xylose. 26311536 4 39 theme DNA-DNA 517:523 arg1 values 537:542 DNA-DNA relatedness values 517:542 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A-T 5190T and its closest relatives 517:593 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A-T 5190T and its closest relatives were below 70 %. 26311536 11 40 theme A-T 1199:1201 arg1 5190T 1203:1207 strain A-T 5190T 1192:1207 strain A-T 5190T 1192:1207 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 2 41 theme dry 205:207 arg1 soil 226:229 dry evergreen forest soil 205:229 dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand 205:251 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 3 42 theme palleronii 419:428 arg1 similarity 451:460 98.88 % similarity 443:460 98.88 % similarity 443:460 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 42 theme palleronii 419:428 arg1 14916T 435:440 Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T 406:440 Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) 406:461 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 7 43 theme predominant 752:762 arg1 MK-9 780:783 MK-9 780:783 MK-9(H4) 780:787 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26311536 7 43 theme predominant 752:762 arg1 menaquinone 764:774 The predominant menaquinone 748:774 The predominant menaquinone 748:774 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26311536 4 44 theme closest 577:583 arg1 relatives 585:593 its closest relatives 573:593 its closest relatives 573:593 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A-T 5190T and its closest relatives were below 70 %. 26311536 2 45 from mycelia 178:184 arg1 end 142:144 the end 138:144 the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia 138:184 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 9 46 theme unsaturated 963:973 arg1 acid 981:984 unsaturated fatty acid 963:984 unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 963:1062 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 3 47 theme gene 267:270 arg1 sequence 272:279 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 254:279 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 254:279 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 5 48 theme meso-diaminopimelic 650:668 arg1 acid 670:673 meso-diaminopimelic acid 650:673 meso-diaminopimelic acid 650:673 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26311536 2 49 theme bacterial 70:78 arg1 strain 80:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 50:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 50:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 2 49 theme bacterial 70:78 arg1 5190T 92:96 A-T 5190T 88:96 A-T 5190T 88:96 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 9 50 dep C17  986:989 arg1 acids 1013:1017 branched fatty acids 998:1017 branched fatty acids 998:1017 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 9 50 dep C17  986:989 arg1  0 1061:1062  0 1061:1062 unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 963:1062 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 9 50 dep C17  986:989 arg1 anteiso-C17  1048:1059 anteiso-C17  1048:1059 anteiso-C17  1048:1059 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 9 50 dep C17  986:989 arg1  1 991:992  1 991:992  1 991:992 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 9 50 dep C17  986:989 arg1  0 1041:1042  0 1041:1042  0 1041:1042 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 11 51 theme Actinoplanes 1282:1293 arg1 sp 1302:1303 the name Actinoplanes luteus sp 1273:1303 the name Actinoplanes luteus sp 1273:1303 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 11 52 from studies 1170:1176 arg1 Evidence 1115:1122 Evidence 1115:1122 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1115:1176 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 2 53 theme filamentous 58:68 arg1 strain 80:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 50:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain 50:85 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 2 53 theme filamentous 58:68 arg1 5190T 92:96 A-T 5190T 88:96 A-T 5190T 88:96 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 3 54 theme 16S 258:260 arg1 rRNA 262:265 The 16S rRNA 254:265 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 254:279 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 11 55 theme novel 1222:1226 arg1 species 1228:1234 a novel species 1220:1234 a novel species 1220:1234 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 3 56 theme 98.88  443:448 arg1 similarity 451:460 98.88 % similarity 443:460 98.88 % similarity 443:460 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 56 theme 98.88  443:448 arg1 14916T 435:440 Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T 406:440 Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) 406:461 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 57 theme rRNA 262:265 arg1 sequence 272:279 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 254:279 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 254:279 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 2 58 theme substrate 168:176 arg1 mycelia 178:184 substrate mycelia 168:184 substrate mycelia 168:184 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 11 59 theme phenotypic 1129:1138 arg1 studies 1170:1176 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1129:1176 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies 1129:1176 Evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies indicate that strain A-T 5190T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes luteus sp. 26311536 3 60 theme % 449:449 arg1 similarity 451:460 98.88 % similarity 443:460 98.88 % similarity 443:460 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 60 theme % 449:449 arg1 14916T 435:440 Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T 406:440 Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) 406:461 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 8 61 theme diagnostic 794:803 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 824:847 phosphatidylethanolamine 824:847 phosphatidylethanolamine 824:847 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 26311536 8 61 theme diagnostic 794:803 arg1 phospholipids 805:817 The diagnostic phospholipids 790:817 The diagnostic phospholipids 790:817 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 26311536 2 62 from end 142:144 arg1 mycelia 178:184 substrate mycelia 168:184 substrate mycelia 168:184 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 3 63 theme NBRC 430:433 arg1 similarity 451:460 98.88 % similarity 443:460 98.88 % similarity 443:460 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 63 theme NBRC 430:433 arg1 14916T 435:440 Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T 406:440 Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) 406:461 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 2 64 theme forest 219:224 arg1 soil 226:229 dry evergreen forest soil 205:229 dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand 205:251 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 3 65 theme rectilineatus 480:492 arg1 13941T 499:504 Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T 467:504 Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %) 467:514 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 65 theme rectilineatus 480:492 arg1 % 513:513 98.54 % 507:513 98.54 % 507:513 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 4 66 theme strain 552:557 arg1 5190T 563:567 strain A-T 5190T 552:567 strain A-T 5190T 552:567 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain A-T 5190T and its closest relatives were below 70 %. 26311536 9 67 theme fatty 946:950 arg1 acids 952:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids 921:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids 921:956 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 9 67 theme fatty 946:950 arg1 C17  986:989 unsaturated fatty acid C17  963:989 unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 963:1062 The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acid C17 : 1 and branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 26311536 10 68 theme G+C 1069:1071 arg1 % 1112:1112 71.9 mol% 1104:1112 71.9 mol% 1104:1112 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26311536 10 68 theme G+C 1069:1071 arg1 content 1073:1079 The G+C content 1065:1079 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1065:1098 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26311536 2 69 theme evergreen 209:217 arg1 soil 226:229 dry evergreen forest soil 205:229 dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand 205:251 A novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5190T, which developed irregular sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from dry evergreen forest soil collected in Thailand. 26311536 3 70 theme NBRC 494:497 arg1 13941T 499:504 Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T 467:504 Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %) 467:514 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 3 70 theme NBRC 494:497 arg1 % 513:513 98.54 % 507:513 98.54 % 507:513 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5190T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was related most closely to Actinoplanes palleronii NBRC 14916T (98.88 % similarity) and Actinoplanes rectilineatus NBRC 13941T (98.54 %). 26311536 13 71 theme A-T 1343:1345 arg1 109644T 1375:1381  = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T 1354:1381  = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T 1354:1381 The type strain is A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T). 26311536 13 71 theme A-T 1343:1345 arg1 strain 1333:1338 The type strain 1324:1338 The type strain 1324:1338 The type strain is A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T). 26311536 13 71 theme A-T 1343:1345 arg1 5190T 1347:1351 A-T 5190T 1343:1351 A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T) 1343:1382 The type strain is A-T 5190T ( = BCC 41582T = NBRC 109644T). 28394924 13 0 theme potential 1689:1697 arg1 niche 1711:1715 potential nutritional niche 1689:1715 potential nutritional niche 1689:1715 Collectively, our results demonstrate the significance of starch granules as a major habitat and potential nutritional niche for murine intestinal B. pseudolongum. 28394924 5 1 theme fluorescent 699:709 arg1 hybridization 719:731 fluorescent in situ hybridization 699:731 fluorescent in situ hybridization 699:731 Therefore, we explored microscale habitats in the murine intestine by using histology and fluorescent in situ hybridization, focusing on dietary factors. 28394924 8 2 theme starch 1040:1045 arg1 granules 1047:1054 starch granules 1040:1054 starch granules 1040:1054 To identify the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch, laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling was performed. 28394924 2 3 theme factors 366:372 arg1 utilization 343:353 the in situ utilization 331:353 the in situ utilization of dietary factors 331:372 Dietary factors are considered to be major nutrients; however, evidence directly explaining the in situ utilization of dietary factors is limited. 28394924 7 4 theme distal 972:977 arg1 colon 979:983 distal colon 972:983 distal colon 972:983 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 0 5 theme nutrients 85:93 arg1 monopolization 59:72 adhesive monopolization 50:72 adhesive monopolization of dietary nutrients by specific intestinal bacteria 50:125 Microscale spatial analysis provides evidence for adhesive monopolization of dietary nutrients by specific intestinal bacteria. 28394924 14 6 theme colonizing 1791:1800 arg1 bifidobacteria 1802:1815 colonizing bifidobacteria 1791:1815 colonizing bifidobacteria 1791:1815 Moreover, our results suggest that colonizing bifidobacteria effectively utilize starch from the closest location and maintain the location. 28394924 5 7 theme in 711:712 arg1 hybridization 719:731 fluorescent in situ hybridization 699:731 fluorescent in situ hybridization 699:731 Therefore, we explored microscale habitats in the murine intestine by using histology and fluorescent in situ hybridization, focusing on dietary factors. 28394924 2 8 theme dietary 358:364 arg1 factors 366:372 dietary factors 358:372 dietary factors 358:372 Dietary factors are considered to be major nutrients; however, evidence directly explaining the in situ utilization of dietary factors is limited. 28394924 8 9 theme sequencing-based 1124:1139 arg1 rRNA 1145:1148 next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA 1108:1148 next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling 1108:1168 To identify the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch, laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling was performed. 28394924 0 10 theme intestinal 107:116 arg1 bacteria 118:125 specific intestinal bacteria 98:125 specific intestinal bacteria 98:125 Microscale spatial analysis provides evidence for adhesive monopolization of dietary nutrients by specific intestinal bacteria. 28394924 4 11 theme dietary 552:558 arg1 factors 560:566 dietary factors 552:566 dietary factors 552:566 However, the detailed bacterial localization around dietary factors in the intestine remains uninvestigated. 28394924 8 12 theme rRNA 1145:1148 arg1 profiling 1160:1168 next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling 1108:1168 next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling 1108:1168 To identify the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch, laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling was performed. 28394924 9 13 theme ex-starch 1295:1303 arg1 areas 1305:1309 ex-starch areas 1295:1309 ex-starch areas 1295:1309 It was found that Bifidobacteriaceae were significantly enriched by 4.7 fold in peri-starch areas compared to ex-starch areas. 28394924 13 14 theme B. 1739:1740 arg1 pseudolongum 1742:1753 murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1721:1753 murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1721:1753 Collectively, our results demonstrate the significance of starch granules as a major habitat and potential nutritional niche for murine intestinal B. pseudolongum. 28394924 12 15 theme starch-degrading 1498:1513 arg1 activity 1515:1522 starch-degrading activity 1498:1522 starch-degrading activity 1498:1522 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 0 16 theme specific 98:105 arg1 bacteria 118:125 specific intestinal bacteria 98:125 specific intestinal bacteria 98:125 Microscale spatial analysis provides evidence for adhesive monopolization of dietary nutrients by specific intestinal bacteria. 28394924 4 17 from localization 532:543 arg1 intestine 575:583 the intestine 571:583 the intestine 571:583 However, the detailed bacterial localization around dietary factors in the intestine remains uninvestigated. 28394924 5 18 theme murine 659:664 arg1 intestine 666:674 the murine intestine 655:674 the murine intestine 655:674 Therefore, we explored microscale habitats in the murine intestine by using histology and fluorescent in situ hybridization, focusing on dietary factors. 28394924 16 19 theme other 2038:2042 arg1 factors 2056:2062 other nutritional factors 2038:2062 other nutritional factors 2038:2062 We believe that our analytical approach could possibly be applied to other nutritional factors, and can be a powerful tool to investigate in vivo relationships between bacteria and environmental factors in the intestine. 28394924 11 20 theme significant 1400:1410 arg1 enrichment 1412:1421 no significant enrichment 1397:1421 no significant enrichment 1397:1421 In contrast, there was no significant enrichment among the other major families. 28394924 2 21 theme in 335:336 arg1 utilization 343:353 the in situ utilization 331:353 the in situ utilization of dietary factors 331:372 Dietary factors are considered to be major nutrients; however, evidence directly explaining the in situ utilization of dietary factors is limited. 28394924 12 22 from feces 1563:1567 arg1 isolation 1538:1546 isolation 1538:1546 isolation from the mouse feces 1538:1567 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 12 22 from feces 1563:1567 arg1 analysis 1582:1589 in vitro analysis 1573:1589 in vitro analysis 1573:1589 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 12 23 theme mouse 1557:1561 arg1 feces 1563:1567 the mouse feces 1553:1567 the mouse feces 1553:1567 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 7 24 from colonization 871:882 arg1 starch 909:914 granular starch 900:914 granular starch 900:914 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 16 25 theme nutritional 2044:2054 arg1 factors 2056:2062 other nutritional factors 2038:2062 other nutritional factors 2038:2062 We believe that our analytical approach could possibly be applied to other nutritional factors, and can be a powerful tool to investigate in vivo relationships between bacteria and environmental factors in the intestine. 28394924 8 26 theme 16S 1141:1143 arg1 rRNA 1145:1148 next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA 1108:1148 next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling 1108:1168 To identify the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch, laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling was performed. 28394924 4 27 theme bacterial 522:530 arg1 localization 532:543 the detailed bacterial localization 509:543 the detailed bacterial localization around dietary factors in the intestine 509:583 However, the detailed bacterial localization around dietary factors in the intestine remains uninvestigated. 28394924 8 28 theme microbial 1150:1158 arg1 profiling 1160:1168 next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling 1108:1168 next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling 1108:1168 To identify the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch, laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling was performed. 28394924 8 29 theme laser 1082:1086 arg1 microdissection 1088:1102 laser microdissection 1082:1102 laser microdissection 1082:1102 To identify the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch, laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling was performed. 28394924 15 30 theme dietary 1950:1956 arg1 nutrients 1958:1966 solid dietary nutrients 1944:1966 solid dietary nutrients 1944:1966 This may be a bacterial strategy to monopolize solid dietary nutrients. 28394924 13 31 theme intestinal 1728:1737 arg1 pseudolongum 1742:1753 murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1721:1753 murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1721:1753 Collectively, our results demonstrate the significance of starch granules as a major habitat and potential nutritional niche for murine intestinal B. pseudolongum. 28394924 0 32 theme spatial 11:17 arg1 analysis 19:26 Microscale spatial analysis 0:26 Microscale spatial analysis 0:26 Microscale spatial analysis provides evidence for adhesive monopolization of dietary nutrients by specific intestinal bacteria. 28394924 4 33 theme detailed 513:520 arg1 localization 532:543 the detailed bacterial localization 509:543 the detailed bacterial localization around dietary factors in the intestine 509:583 However, the detailed bacterial localization around dietary factors in the intestine remains uninvestigated. 28394924 7 34 from adhesion 888:895 arg1 starch 909:914 granular starch 900:914 granular starch 900:914 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 7 35 dep jejunum 960:966 arg1 the 956:958 the 956:958 the 956:958 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 13 36 theme starch 1650:1655 arg1 granules 1657:1664 starch granules 1650:1664 starch granules 1650:1664 Collectively, our results demonstrate the significance of starch granules as a major habitat and potential nutritional niche for murine intestinal B. pseudolongum. 28394924 0 37 theme Microscale 0:9 arg1 analysis 19:26 Microscale spatial analysis 0:26 Microscale spatial analysis 0:26 Microscale spatial analysis provides evidence for adhesive monopolization of dietary nutrients by specific intestinal bacteria. 28394924 12 38 dep in 1573:1574 arg1 vitro 1576:1580 vitro 1576:1580 vitro 1576:1580 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 5 39 theme microscale 632:641 arg1 habitats 643:650 microscale habitats 632:650 microscale habitats 632:650 Therefore, we explored microscale habitats in the murine intestine by using histology and fluorescent in situ hybridization, focusing on dietary factors. 28394924 2 40 dep in 335:336 arg1 situ 338:341 situ 338:341 situ 338:341 Dietary factors are considered to be major nutrients; however, evidence directly explaining the in situ utilization of dietary factors is limited. 28394924 3 41 theme bacterial 454:462 arg1 lifestyle 464:472 bacterial lifestyle 454:472 bacterial lifestyle 454:472 Microscale bacterial distribution would provide clues to understand bacterial lifestyle and nutrient utilization. 28394924 14 42 from location 1861:1868 arg1 starch 1837:1842 starch 1837:1842 starch from the closest location 1837:1868 Moreover, our results suggest that colonizing bifidobacteria effectively utilize starch from the closest location and maintain the location. 28394924 13 43 theme nutritional 1699:1709 arg1 niche 1711:1715 potential nutritional niche 1689:1715 potential nutritional niche 1689:1715 Collectively, our results demonstrate the significance of starch granules as a major habitat and potential nutritional niche for murine intestinal B. pseudolongum. 28394924 13 44 theme murine 1721:1726 arg1 pseudolongum 1742:1753 murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1721:1753 murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1721:1753 Collectively, our results demonstrate the significance of starch granules as a major habitat and potential nutritional niche for murine intestinal B. pseudolongum. 28394924 15 45 theme solid 1944:1948 arg1 nutrients 1958:1966 solid dietary nutrients 1944:1966 solid dietary nutrients 1944:1966 This may be a bacterial strategy to monopolize solid dietary nutrients. 28394924 3 46 theme Microscale 386:395 arg1 distribution 407:418 Microscale bacterial distribution 386:418 Microscale bacterial distribution 386:418 Microscale bacterial distribution would provide clues to understand bacterial lifestyle and nutrient utilization. 28394924 16 47 theme powerful 2078:2085 arg1 tool 2087:2090 a powerful tool 2076:2090 a powerful tool to investigate in vivo relationships between bacteria and environmental factors in the intestine 2076:2187 We believe that our analytical approach could possibly be applied to other nutritional factors, and can be a powerful tool to investigate in vivo relationships between bacteria and environmental factors in the intestine. 28394924 1 48 theme nutritional 175:185 arg1 source 187:192 a nutritional source 173:192 a nutritional source to maintain its population in the intestine 173:236 Each species of intestinal bacteria requires a nutritional source to maintain its population in the intestine. 28394924 7 49 theme granular 900:907 arg1 starch 909:914 granular starch 900:914 granular starch 900:914 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 12 50 theme in 1573:1574 arg1 analysis 1582:1589 in vitro analysis 1573:1589 in vitro analysis 1573:1589 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 12 51 theme B. 1478:1479 arg1 pseudolongum 1481:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1455:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1455:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 8 52 theme areas 1027:1031 arg1 composition 1012:1022 the bacterial composition 998:1022 the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch 998:1079 To identify the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch, laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling was performed. 28394924 3 53 theme nutrient 478:485 arg1 utilization 487:497 nutrient utilization 478:497 nutrient utilization 478:497 Microscale bacterial distribution would provide clues to understand bacterial lifestyle and nutrient utilization. 28394924 12 54 contain had 1494:1496 arg1 pseudolongum 1481:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1455:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1455:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 12 54 contain had 1494:1496 arg2 activity 1515:1522 starch-degrading activity 1498:1522 starch-degrading activity 1498:1522 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 12 55 theme intestinal 1467:1476 arg1 pseudolongum 1481:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1455:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1455:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 8 56 theme bacterial 1002:1010 arg1 composition 1012:1022 the bacterial composition 998:1022 the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch 998:1079 To identify the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch, laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling was performed. 28394924 9 57 theme peri-starch 1265:1275 arg1 areas 1277:1281 peri-starch areas 1265:1281 peri-starch areas 1265:1281 It was found that Bifidobacteriaceae were significantly enriched by 4.7 fold in peri-starch areas compared to ex-starch areas. 28394924 7 58 theme bifidobacterial 855:869 arg1 colonization 871:882 bifidobacterial colonization 855:882 bifidobacterial colonization 855:882 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 14 59 theme closest 1853:1859 arg1 location 1861:1868 the closest location 1849:1868 the closest location 1849:1868 Moreover, our results suggest that colonizing bifidobacteria effectively utilize starch from the closest location and maintain the location. 28394924 2 60 theme Dietary 239:245 arg1 factors 247:253 Dietary factors 239:253 Dietary factors 239:253 Dietary factors are considered to be major nutrients; however, evidence directly explaining the in situ utilization of dietary factors is limited. 28394924 6 61 theme colonization 826:837 arg1 types 807:811 several types 799:811 several types of bacterial colonization 799:837 This approach successfully revealed several types of bacterial colonization. 28394924 0 62 theme adhesive 50:57 arg1 monopolization 59:72 adhesive monopolization 50:72 adhesive monopolization of dietary nutrients by specific intestinal bacteria 50:125 Microscale spatial analysis provides evidence for adhesive monopolization of dietary nutrients by specific intestinal bacteria. 28394924 7 63 located observed 944:951 arg1 jejunum 960:966 jejunum 960:966 jejunum 960:966 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 7 63 located observed 944:951 arg2 adhesion 888:895 adhesion 888:895 adhesion 888:895 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 7 63 located observed 944:951 arg1 particular 843:852 particular 843:852 particular 843:852 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 7 63 located observed 944:951 arg1 colon 979:983 distal colon 972:983 distal colon 972:983 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 7 63 located observed 944:951 arg2 colonization 871:882 bifidobacterial colonization 855:882 bifidobacterial colonization 855:882 In particular, bifidobacterial colonization and adhesion on granular starch was frequently and commonly observed in the jejunum and distal colon. 28394924 11 64 theme other 1433:1437 arg1 families 1445:1452 the other major families 1429:1452 the other major families 1429:1452 In contrast, there was no significant enrichment among the other major families. 28394924 11 65 theme major 1439:1443 arg1 families 1445:1452 the other major families 1429:1452 the other major families 1429:1452 In contrast, there was no significant enrichment among the other major families. 28394924 6 66 theme bacterial 816:824 arg1 colonization 826:837 bacterial colonization 816:837 bacterial colonization 816:837 This approach successfully revealed several types of bacterial colonization. 28394924 13 67 theme major 1671:1675 arg1 significance 1634:1645 the significance 1630:1645 the significance of starch granules 1630:1664 Collectively, our results demonstrate the significance of starch granules as a major habitat and potential nutritional niche for murine intestinal B. pseudolongum. 28394924 13 67 theme major 1671:1675 arg1 habitat 1677:1683 a major habitat 1669:1683 a major habitat 1669:1683 Collectively, our results demonstrate the significance of starch granules as a major habitat and potential nutritional niche for murine intestinal B. pseudolongum. 28394924 13 68 theme granules 1657:1664 arg1 significance 1634:1645 the significance 1630:1645 the significance of starch granules 1630:1664 Collectively, our results demonstrate the significance of starch granules as a major habitat and potential nutritional niche for murine intestinal B. pseudolongum. 28394924 13 68 theme granules 1657:1664 arg1 habitat 1677:1683 a major habitat 1669:1683 a major habitat 1669:1683 Collectively, our results demonstrate the significance of starch granules as a major habitat and potential nutritional niche for murine intestinal B. pseudolongum. 28394924 2 69 theme major 276:280 arg1 nutrients 282:290 major nutrients 276:290 major nutrients 276:290 Dietary factors are considered to be major nutrients; however, evidence directly explaining the in situ utilization of dietary factors is limited. 28394924 16 70 dep in 2107:2108 arg1 vivo 2110:2113 vivo 2110:2113 vivo 2110:2113 We believe that our analytical approach could possibly be applied to other nutritional factors, and can be a powerful tool to investigate in vivo relationships between bacteria and environmental factors in the intestine. 28394924 16 71 theme analytical 1989:1998 arg1 approach 2000:2007 our analytical approach 1985:2007 our analytical approach 1985:2007 We believe that our analytical approach could possibly be applied to other nutritional factors, and can be a powerful tool to investigate in vivo relationships between bacteria and environmental factors in the intestine. 28394924 15 72 theme bacterial 1911:1919 arg1 strategy 1921:1928 a bacterial strategy 1909:1928 a bacterial strategy to monopolize solid dietary nutrients 1909:1966 This may be a bacterial strategy to monopolize solid dietary nutrients. 28394924 15 72 theme bacterial 1911:1919 arg1 This 1897:1900 This 1897:1900 This 1897:1900 This may be a bacterial strategy to monopolize solid dietary nutrients. 28394924 5 73 theme dietary 746:752 arg1 factors 754:760 dietary factors 746:760 dietary factors 746:760 Therefore, we explored microscale habitats in the murine intestine by using histology and fluorescent in situ hybridization, focusing on dietary factors. 28394924 1 74 theme intestinal 144:153 arg1 bacteria 155:162 intestinal bacteria 144:162 intestinal bacteria 144:162 Each species of intestinal bacteria requires a nutritional source to maintain its population in the intestine. 28394924 10 75 theme Bifidobacterium 1344:1358 arg1 pseudolongum 1360:1371 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum 1344:1371 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum 1344:1371 This family solely consisted of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. 28394924 16 76 theme environmental 2150:2162 arg1 factors 2164:2170 environmental factors 2150:2170 environmental factors 2150:2170 We believe that our analytical approach could possibly be applied to other nutritional factors, and can be a powerful tool to investigate in vivo relationships between bacteria and environmental factors in the intestine. 28394924 0 77 theme dietary 77:83 arg1 nutrients 85:93 dietary nutrients 77:93 dietary nutrients 77:93 Microscale spatial analysis provides evidence for adhesive monopolization of dietary nutrients by specific intestinal bacteria. 28394924 12 78 theme murine 1460:1465 arg1 pseudolongum 1481:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1455:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum 1455:1492 This murine intestinal B. pseudolongum had starch-degrading activity, confirmed by isolation from the mouse feces and in vitro analysis. 28394924 6 79 theme several 799:805 arg1 types 807:811 several types 799:811 several types of bacterial colonization 799:837 This approach successfully revealed several types of bacterial colonization. 28394924 1 80 theme bacteria 155:162 arg1 species 133:139 Each species 128:139 Each species of intestinal bacteria 128:162 Each species of intestinal bacteria requires a nutritional source to maintain its population in the intestine. 28394924 16 81 theme in 2107:2108 arg1 relationships 2115:2127 in vivo relationships 2107:2127 in vivo relationships between bacteria and environmental factors 2107:2170 We believe that our analytical approach could possibly be applied to other nutritional factors, and can be a powerful tool to investigate in vivo relationships between bacteria and environmental factors in the intestine. 28394924 8 82 theme next-generation 1108:1122 arg1 rRNA 1145:1148 next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA 1108:1148 next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling 1108:1168 To identify the bacterial composition of areas around starch granules and areas without starch, laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA microbial profiling was performed. 28394924 5 83 dep in 711:712 arg1 situ 714:717 situ 714:717 situ 714:717 Therefore, we explored microscale habitats in the murine intestine by using histology and fluorescent in situ hybridization, focusing on dietary factors. 28394924 3 84 theme bacterial 397:405 arg1 distribution 407:418 Microscale bacterial distribution 386:418 Microscale bacterial distribution 386:418 Microscale bacterial distribution would provide clues to understand bacterial lifestyle and nutrient utilization. 28088289 4 0 from phosphatidylethanolamine 726:749 arg1 cardiolipin 774:784 cardiolipin 774:784 cardiolipin 774:784 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 4 0 from phosphatidylethanolamine 726:749 arg1 phospholipids 708:720 total phospholipids 702:720 total phospholipids 702:720 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 1 1 theme fatty 217:221 arg1 profile 228:234 fatty acid profile 217:234 fatty acid profile 217:234 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 3 2 theme sucrose 437:443 arg1 rats 453:456 sucrose treated rats 437:456 sucrose treated rats 437:456 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats revealed steatosis and increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis. 28088289 1 3 theme acid 223:226 arg1 profile 228:234 fatty acid profile 217:234 fatty acid profile 217:234 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 0 4 from Effects 0:6 arg1 histology 61:69 liver histology 55:69 liver histology 55:69 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 0 4 from Effects 0:6 arg1 expression 103:112 lipogenic gene expression 88:112 lipogenic gene expression 88:112 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 0 4 from Effects 0:6 arg1 lipogenesis 72:82 lipogenesis 72:82 lipogenesis 72:82 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 4 5 theme total 702:706 arg1 phospholipids 708:720 total phospholipids 702:720 total phospholipids 702:720 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 6 6 theme high-fiber 1142:1151 arg1 diet 1153:1156 high-fiber diet 1142:1156 high-fiber diet 1142:1156 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 1 7 theme profile 228:234 arg1 expression 256:265 liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression 200:265 liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber 200:298 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 4 8 from content 763:769 arg1 cardiolipin 774:784 cardiolipin 774:784 cardiolipin 774:784 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 4 8 from content 763:769 arg1 phospholipids 708:720 total phospholipids 702:720 total phospholipids 702:720 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 0 9 with treatment 11:19 arg1 sucrose 26:32 sucrose 26:32 sucrose in drinking water 26:50 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 3 10 theme increased 481:489 arg1 number 491:496 increased number 481:496 increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis 481:555 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats revealed steatosis and increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis. 28088289 6 11 theme acid 970:973 arg1 composition 975:985 fatty acid composition 964:985 fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin 964:1049 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 0 12 theme gene 98:101 arg1 expression 103:112 lipogenic gene expression 88:112 lipogenic gene expression 88:112 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 4 13 theme PUFA 657:660 arg1 content 662:668 PUFA content 657:668 PUFA content 657:668 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 1 14 from expression 256:265 arg1 rats 270:273 rats 270:273 rats maintained on high-fiber 270:298 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 5 15 from decrease 863:870 arg1 expression 909:918 the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression 875:918 expression 909:918 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 5 15 from decrease 863:870 arg1 Δ-9-desaturase 816:829 Δ-9-desaturase 816:829 Δ-9-desaturase 816:829 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 5 15 from decrease 863:870 arg1 Δ-5-desaturase 879:892 the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression 875:918 Δ-5-desaturase 879:892 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 5 15 from decrease 863:870 arg1 expression 848:857 SREBP1c gene expression 835:857 SREBP1c gene expression 835:857 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 0 16 theme lipogenic 88:96 arg1 expression 103:112 lipogenic gene expression 88:112 lipogenic gene expression 88:112 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 2 17 dep solution 380:387 arg1 w/v 412:414 30% w/v 408:414 30% w/v 408:414 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 4 18 from content 691:697 arg1 cardiolipin 774:784 cardiolipin 774:784 cardiolipin 774:784 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 4 18 from content 691:697 arg1 phospholipids 708:720 total phospholipids 702:720 total phospholipids 702:720 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 6 19 theme phospholipid 1008:1019 arg1 cardiolipin 1039:1049 cardiolipin 1039:1049 cardiolipin 1039:1049 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 6 19 theme phospholipid 1008:1019 arg1 classes 1021:1027 hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes 990:1027 classes 1021:1027 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 6 20 theme pathological 1090:1101 arg1 changes 1103:1109 pathological changes 1090:1109 pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet 1090:1156 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 5 21 theme SREBP1c 835:841 arg1 expression 848:857 SREBP1c gene expression 835:857 SREBP1c gene expression 835:857 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 0 22 from sucrose 26:32 arg1 water 46:50 drinking water 37:50 drinking water 37:50 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 6 23 theme fatty 964:968 arg1 composition 975:985 fatty acid composition 964:985 fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin 964:1049 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 3 24 theme αSMA 501:504 arg1 cells 521:525 αSMA immunoreactive cells 501:525 αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis 501:555 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats revealed steatosis and increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis. 28088289 5 25 theme gene 843:846 arg1 expression 848:857 SREBP1c gene expression 835:857 SREBP1c gene expression 835:857 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 1 26 theme lipogenic 240:248 arg1 genes 250:254 lipogenic genes 240:254 lipogenic genes 240:254 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 3 27 theme immunoreactive 506:519 arg1 cells 521:525 αSMA immunoreactive cells 501:525 αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis 501:555 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats revealed steatosis and increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis. 28088289 6 28 theme hepatic 990:996 arg1 lipid 998:1002 hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes 990:1027 lipid 998:1002 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 4 29 theme lipid 607:611 arg1 peroxidation 613:624 lipid peroxidation 607:624 lipid peroxidation 607:624 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 1 30 theme genes 250:254 arg1 expression 256:265 liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression 200:265 liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber 200:298 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 4 31 from C18:2n6 671:677 arg1 cardiolipin 774:784 cardiolipin 774:784 cardiolipin 774:784 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 4 31 from C18:2n6 671:677 arg1 phospholipids 708:720 total phospholipids 702:720 total phospholipids 702:720 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 6 32 theme lipid 998:1002 arg1 composition 975:985 fatty acid composition 964:985 fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin 964:1049 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 1 33 theme sucrose 171:177 arg1 influence 158:166 the influence 154:166 the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber 154:298 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 0 34 theme treatment 11:19 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats 0:120 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 4 35 theme C20:4n6 683:689 arg1 content 691:697 C20:4n6 content 683:697 C20:4n6 content 683:697 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 4 36 theme MUFA 630:633 arg1 content 635:641 MUFA content 630:641 MUFA content 630:641 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 0 37 from histology 61:69 arg1 rats 117:120 rats 117:120 rats 117:120 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 4 38 theme de 586:587 arg1 lipogenesis 594:604 de novo lipogenesis 586:604 de novo lipogenesis 586:604 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 6 39 theme oxidative 1062:1070 arg1 stress 1072:1077 oxidative stress 1062:1077 oxidative stress 1062:1077 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 1 40 theme drinking 182:189 arg1 water 191:195 drinking water 182:195 drinking water 182:195 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 2 41 theme % 410:410 arg1 w/v 412:414 30% w/v 408:414 30% w/v 408:414 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 4 42 theme Sucrose 558:564 arg1 treatment 566:574 Sucrose treatment 558:574 Sucrose treatment 558:574 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 2 43 theme sucrose 357:363 arg1 group 365:369 sucrose group 357:369 sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v) 357:415 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 2 43 theme sucrose 357:363 arg1 solution 380:387 sucrose solution 372:387 sucrose solution in drinking water 372:405 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 6 44 with Treatment 921:929 arg1 sucrose 936:942 sucrose 936:942 sucrose 936:942 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 3 45 theme cells 521:525 arg1 steatosis 467:475 steatosis 467:475 steatosis 467:475 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats revealed steatosis and increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis. 28088289 3 45 theme cells 521:525 arg1 number 491:496 increased number 481:496 increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis 481:555 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats revealed steatosis and increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis. 28088289 1 46 from water 191:195 arg1 influence 158:166 the influence 154:166 the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber 154:298 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 3 47 theme Liver 418:422 arg1 histology 424:432 Liver histology 418:432 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats 418:456 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats revealed steatosis and increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis. 28088289 0 48 theme drinking 37:44 arg1 water 46:50 drinking water 37:50 drinking water 37:50 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 0 49 theme high-fiber 126:135 arg1 diet 137:140 high-fiber diet 126:140 high-fiber diet 126:140 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 1 50 from sucrose 171:177 arg1 water 191:195 drinking water 182:195 drinking water 182:195 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 2 51 theme experimental 305:316 arg1 groups 318:323 The experimental groups 301:323 The experimental groups 301:323 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 2 51 theme experimental 305:316 arg1 group 339:343 control group 331:343 control group (water) 331:351 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 4 52 theme C18:2n6 755:761 arg1 content 763:769 C18:2n6 content 755:769 C18:2n6 content 755:769 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 4 53 dep de 586:587 arg1 novo 589:592 novo 589:592 novo 589:592 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 5 54 theme elongase 898:905 arg1 expression 909:918 the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression 875:918 expression 909:918 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 4 55 from content 662:668 arg1 cardiolipin 774:784 cardiolipin 774:784 cardiolipin 774:784 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 4 55 from content 662:668 arg1 phospholipids 708:720 total phospholipids 702:720 total phospholipids 702:720 Sucrose treatment increased de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation and MUFA content and decreased PUFA content, C18:2n6 and C20:4n6 content in total phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and C18:2n6 content in cardiolipin. 28088289 6 56 theme classes 1021:1027 arg1 composition 975:985 fatty acid composition 964:985 fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin 964:1049 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 5 57 from increase 804:811 arg1 expression 909:918 the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression 875:918 expression 909:918 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 5 57 from increase 804:811 arg1 Δ-9-desaturase 816:829 Δ-9-desaturase 816:829 Δ-9-desaturase 816:829 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 5 57 from increase 804:811 arg1 Δ-5-desaturase 879:892 the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression 875:918 Δ-5-desaturase 879:892 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 5 57 from increase 804:811 arg1 expression 848:857 SREBP1c gene expression 835:857 SREBP1c gene expression 835:857 RT-qPCR revealed increase in Δ-9-desaturase and SREBP1c gene expression and decrease in the Δ-5-desaturase and elongase 5 expression. 28088289 1 58 from influence 158:166 arg1 expression 256:265 liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression 200:265 liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber 200:298 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 1 58 from influence 158:166 arg1 water 191:195 drinking water 182:195 drinking water 182:195 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 3 59 theme rats 453:456 arg1 histology 424:432 Liver histology 418:432 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats 418:456 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats revealed steatosis and increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis. 28088289 1 60 theme liver 200:204 arg1 histology 206:214 liver histology 200:214 liver histology 200:214 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 0 61 theme liver 55:59 arg1 histology 61:69 liver histology 55:69 liver histology 55:69 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 0 62 from lipogenesis 72:82 arg1 rats 117:120 rats 117:120 rats 117:120 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 28088289 2 63 theme sucrose 372:378 arg1 group 365:369 sucrose group 357:369 sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v) 357:415 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 2 63 theme sucrose 372:378 arg1 solution 380:387 sucrose solution 372:387 sucrose solution in drinking water 372:405 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 3 64 theme treated 445:451 arg1 rats 453:456 sucrose treated rats 437:456 sucrose treated rats 437:456 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats revealed steatosis and increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis. 28088289 1 65 theme histology 206:214 arg1 expression 256:265 liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression 200:265 liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber 200:298 We studied the influence of sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, fatty acid profile and lipogenic genes expression in rats maintained on high-fiber. 28088289 6 66 from changes 1103:1109 arg1 rats 1123:1126 rats 1123:1126 rats maintained on high-fiber diet 1123:1156 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 6 66 from changes 1103:1109 arg1 liver 1114:1118 liver 1114:1118 liver 1114:1118 Treatment with sucrose extensively changes fatty acid composition of hepatic lipid and phospholipid classes including cardiolipin, increases oxidative stress and causes pathological changes in liver in rats maintained on high-fiber diet. 28088289 3 67 theme fibrosis 548:555 arg1 signs 539:543 the signs 535:543 the signs of fibrosis 535:555 Liver histology of sucrose treated rats revealed steatosis and increased number of αSMA immunoreactive cells without the signs of fibrosis. 28088289 2 68 theme control 331:337 arg1 groups 318:323 The experimental groups 301:323 The experimental groups 301:323 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 2 68 theme control 331:337 arg1 water 346:350 water 346:350 water 346:350 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 2 68 theme control 331:337 arg1 group 339:343 control group 331:343 control group (water) 331:351 The experimental groups were: control group (water) and sucrose group (sucrose solution in drinking water, 30% w/v). 28088289 0 69 from expression 103:112 arg1 rats 117:120 rats 117:120 rats 117:120 Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. 27423317 3 0 theme receptor 299:306 arg1 modulation 281:290 modest modulation 274:290 modest modulation of the receptor 274:306 However, modest modulation of the receptor has been reported to be neuroprotective via endogenous regulation of the receptor and its subunit composition in response to pathophysiological conditions. 27423317 9 1 from expression 1239:1248 arg1 astrocytes 1253:1262 astrocytes 1253:1262 astrocytes 1253:1262 Here we demonstrate that following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block downregulated NR1 mRNA expression in astrocytes. 27423317 11 2 theme LPS 1442:1444 arg1 stimulation 1446:1456 LPS stimulation 1442:1456 LPS stimulation 1442:1456 Independent of NMDA-R blockade, memantine counteracted the production of inflammatory cytokines following LPS stimulation. 27423317 4 3 theme important 470:478 arg1 model 480:484 an important model 467:484 an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) 467:546 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 4 3 theme important 470:478 arg1 regulation 567:576 NMDA-R regulation 560:576 NMDA-R regulation 560:576 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 4 4 theme NMDA-R 560:565 arg1 regulation 567:576 NMDA-R regulation 560:576 NMDA-R regulation 560:576 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 4 4 theme NMDA-R 560:565 arg1 model 480:484 an important model 467:484 an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) 467:546 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 11 5 theme blockade 1358:1365 arg1 Independent 1336:1346 Independent 1336:1346 Independent 1336:1346 Independent of NMDA-R blockade, memantine counteracted the production of inflammatory cytokines following LPS stimulation. 27423317 4 6 from remyelination 498:510 arg1 CNS 543:545 CNS 543:545 CNS 543:545 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 4 6 from remyelination 498:510 arg1 system 535:540 the central nervous system 515:540 the central nervous system (CNS) 515:546 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 7 7 theme cytokine/chemokine 938:955 arg1 profile 968:974 the cytokine/chemokine expression profile 934:974 the cytokine/chemokine expression profile of these cells 934:989 We therefore addressed the question whether the NMDA-R on astrocytes could also be regulated and if this would influence the cytokine/chemokine expression profile of these cells. 27423317 8 8 from memantine 1103:1111 arg1 culture 1142:1148 astrocytic cell culture 1126:1148 astrocytic cell culture 1126:1148 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 8 9 theme cell 1137:1140 arg1 culture 1142:1148 astrocytic cell culture 1126:1148 astrocytic cell culture 1126:1148 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 7 10 theme expression 957:966 arg1 profile 968:974 the cytokine/chemokine expression profile 934:974 the cytokine/chemokine expression profile of these cells 934:989 We therefore addressed the question whether the NMDA-R on astrocytes could also be regulated and if this would influence the cytokine/chemokine expression profile of these cells. 27423317 8 11 theme astrocytic 1126:1135 arg1 culture 1142:1148 astrocytic cell culture 1126:1148 astrocytic cell culture 1126:1148 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 0 12 from receptor 46:53 arg1 astrocytes 58:67 astrocytes 58:67 astrocytes 58:67 Cytokine regulation by modulation of the NMDA receptor on astrocytes. 27423317 4 13 from de- 490:492 arg1 CNS 543:545 CNS 543:545 CNS 543:545 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 4 13 from de- 490:492 arg1 system 535:540 the central nervous system 515:540 the central nervous system (CNS) 515:546 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 7 14 from NMDA-R 861:866 arg1 astrocytes 871:880 astrocytes 871:880 astrocytes 871:880 We therefore addressed the question whether the NMDA-R on astrocytes could also be regulated and if this would influence the cytokine/chemokine expression profile of these cells. 27423317 12 15 theme promising 1561:1569 arg1 target 1571:1576 a promising target 1559:1576 a promising target for therapeutic modulation 1559:1603 These findings indicate that the NMDA-R is linked to astrocytic growth factor production and may be a promising target for therapeutic modulation. 27423317 5 16 theme unchanged 716:724 arg1 levels 726:731 unchanged levels 716:731 unchanged levels of NR1 716:738 We were able to show an upregulation of the NR2 subunit on hippocampal neurons during remyelination despite unchanged levels of NR1. 27423317 10 17 theme NMDA-R 1278:1283 arg1 blockade 1285:1292 NMDA-R blockade 1278:1292 NMDA-R blockade 1278:1292 Furthermore, NMDA-R blockade significantly decreased BMP-4 expression. 27423317 9 18 theme following 1176:1184 arg1 block 1210:1214 following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block 1176:1214 following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block 1176:1214 Here we demonstrate that following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block downregulated NR1 mRNA expression in astrocytes. 27423317 11 19 theme NMDA-R 1351:1356 arg1 blockade 1358:1365 NMDA-R blockade 1351:1365 NMDA-R blockade 1351:1365 Independent of NMDA-R blockade, memantine counteracted the production of inflammatory cytokines following LPS stimulation. 27423317 11 20 theme cytokines 1422:1430 arg1 production 1395:1404 the production 1391:1404 the production of inflammatory cytokines following LPS stimulation 1391:1456 Independent of NMDA-R blockade, memantine counteracted the production of inflammatory cytokines following LPS stimulation. 27423317 9 21 theme NMDA 1186:1189 arg1 block 1210:1214 following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block 1176:1214 following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block 1176:1214 Here we demonstrate that following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block downregulated NR1 mRNA expression in astrocytes. 27423317 1 22 theme N-methyl-d-aspartate 74:93 arg1 crucial 116:122 crucial 116:122 crucial 116:122 The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) is crucial for synaptic transmission and plasticity. 27423317 1 22 theme N-methyl-d-aspartate 74:93 arg1 receptor 95:102 The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 70:102 The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) 70:111 The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) is crucial for synaptic transmission and plasticity. 27423317 1 22 theme N-methyl-d-aspartate 74:93 arg1 NMDA-R 105:110 NMDA-R 105:110 NMDA-R 105:110 The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) is crucial for synaptic transmission and plasticity. 27423317 0 23 theme Cytokine 0:7 arg1 regulation 9:18 Cytokine regulation 0:18 Cytokine regulation by modulation of the NMDA receptor on astrocytes. 0:68 Cytokine regulation by modulation of the NMDA receptor on astrocytes. 27423317 11 24 theme inflammatory 1409:1420 arg1 cytokines 1422:1430 inflammatory cytokines 1409:1430 inflammatory cytokines 1409:1430 Independent of NMDA-R blockade, memantine counteracted the production of inflammatory cytokines following LPS stimulation. 27423317 8 25 theme different 1000:1008 arg1 glutamate 1035:1043 glutamate 1035:1043 glutamate 1035:1043 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 8 25 theme different 1000:1008 arg1 stimuli 1010:1016 different stimuli 1000:1016 different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα 1000:1057 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 8 25 theme different 1000:1008 arg1 NMDA 1026:1029 NMDA 1026:1029 NMDA 1026:1029 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 8 25 theme different 1000:1008 arg1 TNFα 1054:1057 TNFα 1054:1057 TNFα 1054:1057 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 8 25 theme different 1000:1008 arg1 LPS 1046:1048 LPS 1046:1048 LPS 1046:1048 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 8 26 used used 995:998 arg2 We 992:993 We 992:993 We 992:993 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 12 27 theme factor 1530:1535 arg1 production 1537:1546 astrocytic growth factor production 1512:1546 astrocytic growth factor production 1512:1546 These findings indicate that the NMDA-R is linked to astrocytic growth factor production and may be a promising target for therapeutic modulation. 27423317 3 28 theme endogenous 352:361 arg1 regulation 363:372 endogenous regulation 352:372 endogenous regulation of the receptor 352:388 However, modest modulation of the receptor has been reported to be neuroprotective via endogenous regulation of the receptor and its subunit composition in response to pathophysiological conditions. 27423317 9 29 theme stimulation 1191:1201 arg1 block 1210:1214 following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block 1176:1214 following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block 1176:1214 Here we demonstrate that following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block downregulated NR1 mRNA expression in astrocytes. 27423317 9 30 theme NMDA-R 1203:1208 arg1 block 1210:1214 following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block 1176:1214 following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block 1176:1214 Here we demonstrate that following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block downregulated NR1 mRNA expression in astrocytes. 27423317 10 31 theme BMP-4 1318:1322 arg1 expression 1324:1333 BMP-4 expression 1318:1333 BMP-4 expression 1318:1333 Furthermore, NMDA-R blockade significantly decreased BMP-4 expression. 27423317 5 32 theme hippocampal 667:677 arg1 neurons 679:685 hippocampal neurons 667:685 hippocampal neurons 667:685 We were able to show an upregulation of the NR2 subunit on hippocampal neurons during remyelination despite unchanged levels of NR1. 27423317 9 33 theme mRNA 1234:1237 arg1 expression 1239:1248 NR1 mRNA expression 1230:1248 NR1 mRNA expression in astrocytes 1230:1262 Here we demonstrate that following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block downregulated NR1 mRNA expression in astrocytes. 27423317 8 34 from MK801 1117:1121 arg1 culture 1142:1148 astrocytic cell culture 1126:1148 astrocytic cell culture 1126:1148 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 2 35 theme function 225:232 arg1 Over-activation 166:180 Over-activation 166:180 Over-activation 166:180 Over-activation, as well as complete blockade, of receptor function can lead to severe impairment. 27423317 2 35 theme function 225:232 arg1 blockade 203:210 complete blockade 194:210 complete blockade 194:210 Over-activation, as well as complete blockade, of receptor function can lead to severe impairment. 27423317 3 36 theme pathophysiological 433:450 arg1 conditions 452:461 pathophysiological conditions 433:461 pathophysiological conditions 433:461 However, modest modulation of the receptor has been reported to be neuroprotective via endogenous regulation of the receptor and its subunit composition in response to pathophysiological conditions. 27423317 3 37 theme subunit 398:404 arg1 composition 406:416 its subunit composition 394:416 its subunit composition 394:416 However, modest modulation of the receptor has been reported to be neuroprotective via endogenous regulation of the receptor and its subunit composition in response to pathophysiological conditions. 27423317 4 38 theme central 519:525 arg1 CNS 543:545 CNS 543:545 CNS 543:545 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 4 38 theme central 519:525 arg1 system 535:540 the central nervous system 515:540 the central nervous system (CNS) 515:546 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 0 39 from astrocytes 58:67 arg1 modulation 23:32 modulation 23:32 modulation of the NMDA receptor on astrocytes 23:67 Cytokine regulation by modulation of the NMDA receptor on astrocytes. 27423317 2 40 theme receptor 216:223 arg1 function 225:232 receptor function 216:232 receptor function 216:232 Over-activation, as well as complete blockade, of receptor function can lead to severe impairment. 27423317 0 41 theme receptor 46:53 arg1 modulation 23:32 modulation 23:32 modulation of the NMDA receptor on astrocytes 23:67 Cytokine regulation by modulation of the NMDA receptor on astrocytes. 27423317 5 42 from upregulation 632:643 arg1 neurons 679:685 hippocampal neurons 667:685 hippocampal neurons 667:685 We were able to show an upregulation of the NR2 subunit on hippocampal neurons during remyelination despite unchanged levels of NR1. 27423317 8 43 theme NMDA-R 1079:1084 arg1 antagonism 1086:1095 NMDA-R antagonism 1079:1095 NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture 1079:1148 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 5 44 theme NR1 736:738 arg1 levels 726:731 unchanged levels 716:731 unchanged levels of NR1 716:738 We were able to show an upregulation of the NR2 subunit on hippocampal neurons during remyelination despite unchanged levels of NR1. 27423317 5 45 theme NR2 652:654 arg1 subunit 656:662 the NR2 subunit 648:662 the NR2 subunit 648:662 We were able to show an upregulation of the NR2 subunit on hippocampal neurons during remyelination despite unchanged levels of NR1. 27423317 0 46 theme NMDA 41:44 arg1 receptor 46:53 the NMDA receptor 37:53 the NMDA receptor on astrocytes 37:67 Cytokine regulation by modulation of the NMDA receptor on astrocytes. 27423317 9 47 theme NR1 1230:1232 arg1 expression 1239:1248 NR1 mRNA expression 1230:1248 NR1 mRNA expression in astrocytes 1230:1262 Here we demonstrate that following NMDA stimulation NMDA-R block downregulated NR1 mRNA expression in astrocytes. 27423317 8 48 with combination 1062:1072 arg1 antagonism 1086:1095 NMDA-R antagonism 1079:1095 NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture 1079:1148 We used different stimuli such as NMDA and glutamate, LPS and TNFα in combination with NMDA-R antagonism using memantine and MK801 in astrocytic cell culture. 27423317 4 49 theme nervous 527:533 arg1 CNS 543:545 CNS 543:545 CNS 543:545 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 4 49 theme nervous 527:533 arg1 system 535:540 the central nervous system 515:540 the central nervous system (CNS) 515:546 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 3 50 theme modest 274:279 arg1 modulation 281:290 modest modulation 274:290 modest modulation of the receptor 274:306 However, modest modulation of the receptor has been reported to be neuroprotective via endogenous regulation of the receptor and its subunit composition in response to pathophysiological conditions. 27423317 2 51 theme complete 194:201 arg1 blockade 203:210 complete blockade 194:210 complete blockade 194:210 Over-activation, as well as complete blockade, of receptor function can lead to severe impairment. 27423317 2 52 theme severe 246:251 arg1 impairment 253:262 severe impairment 246:262 severe impairment 246:262 Over-activation, as well as complete blockade, of receptor function can lead to severe impairment. 27423317 4 53 theme mouse 585:589 arg1 model 601:605 the mouse cuprizone model 581:605 the mouse cuprizone model 581:605 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 27423317 5 54 theme subunit 656:662 arg1 upregulation 632:643 an upregulation 629:643 an upregulation of the NR2 subunit on hippocampal neurons 629:685 We were able to show an upregulation of the NR2 subunit on hippocampal neurons during remyelination despite unchanged levels of NR1. 27423317 12 55 theme growth 1523:1528 arg1 production 1537:1546 astrocytic growth factor production 1512:1546 astrocytic growth factor production 1512:1546 These findings indicate that the NMDA-R is linked to astrocytic growth factor production and may be a promising target for therapeutic modulation. 27423317 3 56 dep conditions 452:461 arg1 response 421:428 response 421:428 response 421:428 However, modest modulation of the receptor has been reported to be neuroprotective via endogenous regulation of the receptor and its subunit composition in response to pathophysiological conditions. 27423317 12 57 theme astrocytic 1512:1521 arg1 production 1537:1546 astrocytic growth factor production 1512:1546 astrocytic growth factor production 1512:1546 These findings indicate that the NMDA-R is linked to astrocytic growth factor production and may be a promising target for therapeutic modulation. 27423317 7 58 theme cells 985:989 arg1 profile 968:974 the cytokine/chemokine expression profile 934:974 the cytokine/chemokine expression profile of these cells 934:989 We therefore addressed the question whether the NMDA-R on astrocytes could also be regulated and if this would influence the cytokine/chemokine expression profile of these cells. 27423317 1 59 theme synaptic 128:135 arg1 transmission 137:148 synaptic transmission 128:148 synaptic transmission 128:148 The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) is crucial for synaptic transmission and plasticity. 27423317 3 60 theme receptor 381:388 arg1 composition 406:416 its subunit composition 394:416 its subunit composition 394:416 However, modest modulation of the receptor has been reported to be neuroprotective via endogenous regulation of the receptor and its subunit composition in response to pathophysiological conditions. 27423317 3 60 theme receptor 381:388 arg1 regulation 363:372 endogenous regulation 352:372 endogenous regulation of the receptor 352:388 However, modest modulation of the receptor has been reported to be neuroprotective via endogenous regulation of the receptor and its subunit composition in response to pathophysiological conditions. 27423317 0 61 from modulation 23:32 arg1 astrocytes 58:67 astrocytes 58:67 astrocytes 58:67 Cytokine regulation by modulation of the NMDA receptor on astrocytes. 27423317 12 62 theme therapeutic 1582:1592 arg1 modulation 1594:1603 therapeutic modulation 1582:1603 therapeutic modulation 1582:1603 These findings indicate that the NMDA-R is linked to astrocytic growth factor production and may be a promising target for therapeutic modulation. 27423317 12 63 attach linked 1502:1507 arg1 production 1537:1546 astrocytic growth factor production 1512:1546 astrocytic growth factor production 1512:1546 These findings indicate that the NMDA-R is linked to astrocytic growth factor production and may be a promising target for therapeutic modulation. 27423317 12 63 attach linked 1502:1507 arg2 NMDA-R 1492:1497 the NMDA-R 1488:1497 the NMDA-R 1488:1497 These findings indicate that the NMDA-R is linked to astrocytic growth factor production and may be a promising target for therapeutic modulation. 27423317 4 64 theme cuprizone 591:599 arg1 model 601:605 the mouse cuprizone model 581:605 the mouse cuprizone model 581:605 As an important model for de- and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) we examined NMDA-R regulation in the mouse cuprizone model. 28895514 2 0 theme halophilic 107:116 arg1 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain 66:190 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 6 1 theme strain 531:536 arg1 0W14T 538:542 strain 0W14T 531:542 strain 0W14T 531:542 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. 28895514 2 2 attach isolated 215:222 arg1 saltern 238:244 a marine saltern 229:244 a marine saltern of Wendeng, China 229:262 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 2 2 attach isolated 215:222 arg2 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain 66:190 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 9 3 from study 940:944 arg1 data 907:910 data 907:910 data from the current polyphasic study 907:944 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 11 4 theme type 1093:1096 arg1 0W14T 1108:1112 0W14T 1108:1112 0W14T (=KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T) 1108:1141 The type strain is 0W14T (=KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T). 28895514 11 4 theme type 1093:1096 arg1 strain 1098:1103 The type strain 1089:1103 The type strain 1089:1103 The type strain is 0W14T (=KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T). 28895514 9 5 theme novel 986:990 arg1 species 992:998 a novel species 984:998 a novel species 984:998 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 8 6 theme strain 785:790 arg1 0W14T 792:796 strain 0W14T 785:796 strain 0W14T 785:796 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae. 28895514 4 7 theme peptidoglycan 379:391 arg1 A4βl-Orn-d-Glu 411:424 A4βl-Orn-d-Glu 411:424 A4βl-Orn-d-Glu 411:424 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T was A4βl-Orn-d-Glu. 28895514 4 7 theme peptidoglycan 379:391 arg1 type 393:396 the peptidoglycan type 375:396 the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T 375:405 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T was A4βl-Orn-d-Glu. 28895514 3 8 theme 6.0  315:318 arg1 % 319:319 % 319:319 % 319:319 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 28895514 3 9 theme % 319:319 arg1 NaCl 327:330 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl 315:330 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl 315:330 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 28895514 2 10 theme China 258:262 arg1 saltern 238:244 a marine saltern 229:244 a marine saltern of Wendeng, China 229:262 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 1 11 theme marine 50:55 arg1 saltern 57:63 a marine saltern 48:63 a marine saltern 48:63 nov., isolated from a marine saltern. 28895514 6 12 theme unknown 636:642 arg1 phospholipids 644:656 four unknown phospholipids 631:656 four unknown phospholipids 631:656 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. 28895514 6 12 theme unknown 636:642 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 557:578 diphosphatidylglycerol 557:578 diphosphatidylglycerol 557:578 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. 28895514 5 13 theme fatty 446:450 arg1  0 500:501  0 500:501  0 500:501 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 5 13 theme fatty 446:450 arg1 acid 452:455 The major cellular fatty acid 427:455 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T 427:481 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 5 13 theme fatty 446:450 arg1 % 464:464 >10.0 % 458:464 >10.0 % 458:464 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 4 14 theme 0W14T 401:405 arg1 A4βl-Orn-d-Glu 411:424 A4βl-Orn-d-Glu 411:424 A4βl-Orn-d-Glu 411:424 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T was A4βl-Orn-d-Glu. 28895514 4 14 theme 0W14T 401:405 arg1 type 393:396 the peptidoglycan type 375:396 the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T 375:405 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T was A4βl-Orn-d-Glu. 28895514 9 15 theme sediminis 1057:1065 arg1 sp 1067:1068 the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp 1034:1068 the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp 1034:1068 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 5 16 theme major 431:435 arg1  0 500:501  0 500:501  0 500:501 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 5 16 theme major 431:435 arg1 acid 452:455 The major cellular fatty acid 427:455 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T 427:481 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 5 16 theme major 431:435 arg1 % 464:464 >10.0 % 458:464 >10.0 % 458:464 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 8 17 theme Phylogenetic 716:727 arg1 analysis 729:736 Phylogenetic analysis 716:736 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 716:769 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae. 28895514 6 18 theme polar 508:512 arg1 profile 520:526 The polar lipid profile 504:526 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T 504:542 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. 28895514 5 19 theme cellular 437:444 arg1  0 500:501  0 500:501  0 500:501 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 5 19 theme cellular 437:444 arg1 acid 452:455 The major cellular fatty acid 427:455 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T 427:481 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 5 19 theme cellular 437:444 arg1 % 464:464 >10.0 % 458:464 >10.0 % 458:464 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 7 20 theme strain 694:699 arg1 G+C content 675:685 The genomic DNA G+C content 659:685 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 659:699 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 44.8 mol%. 28895514 7 20 theme strain 694:699 arg1 % 713:713 44.8 mol% 705:713 44.8 mol% 705:713 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 44.8 mol%. 28895514 0 21 theme sediminis 14:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Lentibacillus sediminis sp 0:25 Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 0:26 Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 2 22 theme endospore-forming 119:135 arg1 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain 66:190 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 2 23 theme motile 138:143 arg1 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain 66:190 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 5 24 from acid 452:455 arg1 0W14T 477:481 strain 0W14T 470:481 strain 0W14T 470:481 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 0 25 theme Lentibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 24:25 Lentibacillus sediminis sp 0:25 Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 0:26 Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 8 26 with lineage 819:825 arg1 members 832:838 members 832:838 members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae 832:895 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae. 28895514 6 27 theme unknown 607:613 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 557:578 diphosphatidylglycerol 557:578 diphosphatidylglycerol 557:578 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. 28895514 6 27 theme unknown 607:613 arg1 glycolipids 615:625 two unknown glycolipids 603:625 two unknown glycolipids 603:625 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. 28895514 9 28 theme genus 1003:1007 arg1 Lentibacillus 1009:1021 genus Lentibacillus 1003:1021 genus Lentibacillus 1003:1021 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 9 29 theme Lentibacillus 1043:1055 arg1 sp 1067:1068 the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp 1034:1068 the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp 1034:1068 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 2 30 theme rod-shaped 174:183 arg1 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain 66:190 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 9 31 theme Lentibacillus 1009:1021 arg1 species 992:998 a novel species 984:998 a novel species 984:998 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 11 32 theme =KCTC 1115:1119 arg1 1H00171T 1133:1140 =KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T 1115:1140 =KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T 1115:1140 The type strain is 0W14T (=KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T). 28895514 11 32 theme =KCTC 1115:1119 arg1 0W14T 1108:1112 0W14T 1108:1112 0W14T (=KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T) 1108:1141 The type strain is 0W14T (=KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T). 28895514 9 33 theme current 921:927 arg1 study 940:944 the current polyphasic study 917:944 the current polyphasic study 917:944 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 2 34 theme Gram-stain-positive 75:93 arg1 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain 66:190 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 7 35 theme genomic 663:669 arg1 G+C content 675:685 The genomic DNA G+C content 659:685 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 659:699 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 44.8 mol%. 28895514 7 35 theme genomic 663:669 arg1 % 713:713 44.8 mol% 705:713 44.8 mol% 705:713 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 44.8 mol%. 28895514 2 36 theme anaerobic 160:168 arg1 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain 66:190 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 8 37 theme genus 847:851 arg1 Lentibacillus 853:865 the genus Lentibacillus 843:865 the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae 843:895 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae. 28895514 9 38 theme polyphasic 929:938 arg1 study 940:944 the current polyphasic study 917:944 the current polyphasic study 917:944 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 7 39 theme 44.8 mol 705:712 arg1 G+C content 675:685 The genomic DNA G+C content 659:685 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 659:699 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 44.8 mol%. 28895514 7 39 theme 44.8 mol 705:712 arg1 % 713:713 44.8 mol% 705:713 44.8 mol% 705:713 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 44.8 mol%. 28895514 9 40 theme name 1038:1041 arg1 sp 1067:1068 the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp 1034:1068 the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp 1034:1068 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp. 28895514 11 41 theme 33835T=MCCC 1121:1131 arg1 1H00171T 1133:1140 =KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T 1115:1140 =KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T 1115:1140 The type strain is 0W14T (=KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T). 28895514 11 41 theme 33835T=MCCC 1121:1131 arg1 0W14T 1108:1112 0W14T 1108:1112 0W14T (=KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T) 1108:1141 The type strain is 0W14T (=KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T). 28895514 2 42 theme novel 68:72 arg1 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain 66:190 strain 185:190 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 4 43 theme respiratory 351:361 arg1 quinone 363:369 the sole respiratory quinone 342:369 the sole respiratory quinone 342:369 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T was A4βl-Orn-d-Glu. 28895514 4 43 theme respiratory 351:361 arg1 MK-7 333:336 MK-7 333:336 MK-7 333:336 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T was A4βl-Orn-d-Glu. 28895514 5 44 theme strain 470:475 arg1 0W14T 477:481 strain 0W14T 470:481 strain 0W14T 470:481 The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. 28895514 8 45 theme 16S 747:749 arg1 sequences 761:769 16S rRNA gene sequences 747:769 16S rRNA gene sequences 747:769 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae. 28895514 3 46 theme Optimal 265:271 arg1 growth 273:278 Optimal growth 265:278 Optimal growth 265:278 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 28895514 4 47 theme sole 346:349 arg1 quinone 363:369 the sole respiratory quinone 342:369 the sole respiratory quinone 342:369 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T was A4βl-Orn-d-Glu. 28895514 4 47 theme sole 346:349 arg1 MK-7 333:336 MK-7 333:336 MK-7 333:336 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T was A4βl-Orn-d-Glu. 28895514 8 48 theme Lentibacillus 853:865 arg1 members 832:838 members 832:838 members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae 832:895 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae. 28895514 3 49 dep % 319:319 arg1 w/v 322:324 w/v 322:324 w/v 322:324 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 28895514 8 50 theme family 878:883 arg1 Bacillaceae 885:895 the family Bacillaceae 874:895 the family Bacillaceae 874:895 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae. 28895514 8 51 theme gene 756:759 arg1 sequences 761:769 16S rRNA gene sequences 747:769 16S rRNA gene sequences 747:769 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae. 28895514 8 52 theme phylogenetic 806:817 arg1 lineage 819:825 a phylogenetic lineage 804:825 a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae 804:895 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae. 28895514 2 53 theme marine 231:236 arg1 saltern 238:244 a marine saltern 229:244 a marine saltern of Wendeng, China 229:262 A novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. 28895514 8 54 theme rRNA 751:754 arg1 sequences 761:769 16S rRNA gene sequences 747:769 16S rRNA gene sequences 747:769 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae. 28895514 7 55 theme DNA 671:673 arg1 G+C content 675:685 The genomic DNA G+C content 659:685 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 659:699 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 44.8 mol%. 28895514 7 55 theme DNA 671:673 arg1 % 713:713 44.8 mol% 705:713 44.8 mol% 705:713 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 44.8 mol%. 28895514 6 56 theme lipid 514:518 arg1 profile 520:526 The polar lipid profile 504:526 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T 504:542 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. 28895514 6 57 theme 0W14T 538:542 arg1 profile 520:526 The polar lipid profile 504:526 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T 504:542 The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27613514 3 0 theme gene 301:304 arg1 comparisons 326:336 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 292:336 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 292:336 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 2 1 theme bacterial 131:139 arg1 strain 141:146 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:146 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:146 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 9 2 theme tests 1124:1128 arg1 results 1083:1089 the results 1079:1089 the results of physiological and biochemical tests 1079:1128 In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species. 27613514 3 3 theme 16S 481:483 arg1 similarity 504:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 7 4 theme fatty 1014:1018 arg1 acids 977:981 The major fatty acids 961:981 The major fatty acids 961:981 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27613514 7 4 theme fatty 1014:1018 arg1 acids 1020:1024 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 988:1024 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 988:1024 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27613514 2 5 dep Gram-positive-staining 66:87 arg1 endospore-forming 113:129 endospore-forming 113:129 endospore-forming 113:129 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 2 5 dep Gram-positive-staining 66:87 arg1 aerobic 104:110 aerobic 104:110 aerobic 104:110 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 5 6 contain contained 723:731 arg2 MK-7 757:760 menaquinone MK-7 745:760 menaquinone MK-7 745:760 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7. 27613514 5 6 contain contained 723:731 arg1 system 716:721 The quinone system 704:721 The quinone system 704:721 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7. 27613514 3 7 theme rRNA 485:488 arg1 similarity 504:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 9 8 from species 1209:1215 arg1 differentiation 1149:1163 phenotypic differentiation 1138:1163 phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species 1138:1215 In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species. 27613514 6 9 theme L1 780:781 arg1 profile 784:790 The polar lipid (L1) profile 763:790 The polar lipid (L1) profile 763:790 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 10 10 theme name 1312:1315 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp 1308:1348 the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp 1308:1348 Thus, strain JM-1350T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 27613514 10 11 theme genus 1274:1278 arg1 Saccharibacillus 1280:1295 the genus Saccharibacillus 1270:1295 the genus Saccharibacillus 1270:1295 Thus, strain JM-1350T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 27613514 1 12 theme cotton 56:61 arg1 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov., an endophyte of cotton. 27613514 1 12 theme cotton 56:61 arg1 endophyte 43:51 an endophyte 40:51 an endophyte of cotton 40:61 nov., an endophyte of cotton. 27613514 10 13 dep Saccharibacillus 1317:1332 arg1 endophyticus 1334:1345 endophyticus 1334:1345 endophyticus 1334:1345 Thus, strain JM-1350T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 27613514 5 14 theme menaquinone 745:755 arg1 MK-7 757:760 menaquinone MK-7 745:760 menaquinone MK-7 745:760 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7. 27613514 6 15 theme moderate 874:881 arg1 amounts 883:889 moderate amounts 874:889 moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1) 874:958 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 15 theme moderate 874:881 arg1 glycolipids 900:910 three glycolipids 894:910 three glycolipids 894:910 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 15 theme moderate 874:881 arg1 aminophospholipid 919:935 aminophospholipid 919:935 aminophospholipid 919:935 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 16 theme lipid 773:777 arg1 profile 784:790 The polar lipid (L1) profile 763:790 The polar lipid (L1) profile 763:790 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 2 17 theme polyphasic 262:271 arg1 approach 273:280 a polyphasic approach 260:280 a polyphasic approach 260:280 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 10 18 theme novel 1253:1257 arg1 species 1259:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 Thus, strain JM-1350T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 27613514 3 19 theme strain 339:344 arg1 JM-1350T 346:353 strain JM-1350T 339:353 strain JM-1350T 339:353 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 12 20 theme =LMG 1398:1401 arg1 8702T 1414:1418 =LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T 1398:1418 =LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T 1398:1418 The type strain is JM-1350T (=LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T). 27613514 12 20 theme =LMG 1398:1401 arg1 JM-1350T 1388:1395 JM-1350T 1388:1395 JM-1350T (=LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T) 1388:1419 The type strain is JM-1350T (=LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T). 27613514 6 21 theme major 809:813 arg1 lipids 815:820 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol 805:868 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol 805:868 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 21 theme major 809:813 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 21 theme major 809:813 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 12 22 theme type 1373:1376 arg1 JM-1350T 1388:1395 JM-1350T 1388:1395 JM-1350T (=LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T) 1388:1419 The type strain is JM-1350T (=LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T). 27613514 12 22 theme type 1373:1376 arg1 strain 1378:1383 The type strain 1369:1383 The type strain 1369:1383 The type strain is JM-1350T (=LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T). 27613514 0 23 theme endophyticus 17:28 arg1 sp 30:31 Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp 0:31 Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 0:32 Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 27613514 3 24 theme sequence 306:313 arg1 comparisons 326:336 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 292:336 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 292:336 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 8 25 theme G+C 1039:1041 arg1 content 1043:1049 The genomic G+C content 1027:1049 The genomic G+C content 1027:1049 The genomic G+C content was 55.2 mol%. 27613514 8 25 theme G+C 1039:1041 arg1 % 1063:1063 55.2 mol% 1055:1063 55.2 mol% 1055:1063 The genomic G+C content was 55.2 mol%. 27613514 9 26 theme JM-1350T 1175:1182 arg1 differentiation 1149:1163 phenotypic differentiation 1138:1163 phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species 1138:1215 In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species. 27613514 3 27 theme type 533:536 arg1 strains 538:544 the type strains 529:544 the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %) 529:622 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 0 28 theme Saccharibacillus 0:15 arg1 sp 30:31 Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp 0:31 Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 0:32 Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 27613514 8 29 theme genomic 1031:1037 arg1 content 1043:1049 The genomic G+C content 1027:1049 The genomic G+C content 1027:1049 The genomic G+C content was 55.2 mol%. 27613514 8 29 theme genomic 1031:1037 arg1 % 1063:1063 55.2 mol% 1055:1063 55.2 mol% 1055:1063 The genomic G+C content was 55.2 mol%. 27613514 12 30 theme 29710T=CCM 1403:1412 arg1 8702T 1414:1418 =LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T 1398:1418 =LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T 1398:1418 The type strain is JM-1350T (=LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T). 27613514 12 30 theme 29710T=CCM 1403:1412 arg1 JM-1350T 1388:1395 JM-1350T 1388:1395 JM-1350T (=LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T) 1388:1419 The type strain is JM-1350T (=LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T). 27613514 10 31 theme Saccharibacillus 1280:1295 arg1 species 1259:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 Thus, strain JM-1350T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 27613514 9 32 theme phenotypic 1138:1147 arg1 differentiation 1149:1163 phenotypic differentiation 1138:1163 phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species 1138:1215 In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species. 27613514 9 33 theme strain 1168:1173 arg1 JM-1350T 1175:1182 strain JM-1350T 1168:1182 strain JM-1350T 1168:1182 In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species. 27613514 2 34 theme cotton 182:187 arg1 tissue 172:177 the stem tissue 163:177 the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 163:208 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 6 35 theme glycolipids 900:910 arg1 glycolipids 900:910 three glycolipids 894:910 three glycolipids 894:910 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 35 theme glycolipids 900:910 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 35 theme glycolipids 900:910 arg1 amounts 883:889 moderate amounts 874:889 moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1) 874:958 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 35 theme glycolipids 900:910 arg1 aminophospholipid 919:935 aminophospholipid 919:935 aminophospholipid 919:935 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 35 theme glycolipids 900:910 arg1 lipids 815:820 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol 805:868 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol 805:868 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 35 theme glycolipids 900:910 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 4 36 theme diamino 640:646 arg1 acid 648:651 The diagnostic diamino acid 625:651 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 625:672 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27613514 4 36 theme diamino 640:646 arg1 acid 698:701 meso-diaminopimelic acid 678:701 meso-diaminopimelic acid 678:701 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27613514 6 37 theme polar 943:947 arg1 lipid 949:953 a polar lipid 941:953 a polar lipid (L1) 941:958 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 37 theme polar 943:947 arg1 L1 956:957 L1 956:957 L1 956:957 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 8 38 theme mol 1060:1062 arg1 content 1043:1049 The genomic G+C content 1027:1049 The genomic G+C content 1027:1049 The genomic G+C content was 55.2 mol%. 27613514 8 38 theme mol 1060:1062 arg1 % 1063:1063 55.2 mol% 1055:1063 55.2 mol% 1055:1063 The genomic G+C content was 55.2 mol%. 27613514 9 39 theme related 1201:1207 arg1 species 1209:1215 all closely related species 1189:1215 all closely related species 1189:1215 In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species. 27613514 3 40 theme kuerlensis 566:575 arg1 strains 538:544 the type strains 529:544 the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %) 529:622 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 3 41 theme type 432:435 arg1 strain 437:442 the type strain 428:442 the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari 428:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 6 42 dep lipids 815:820 arg1 lipids 815:820 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol 805:868 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol 805:868 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 42 dep lipids 815:820 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 42 dep lipids 815:820 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 10 43 theme strain 1224:1229 arg1 JM-1350T 1231:1238 strain JM-1350T 1224:1238 strain JM-1350T 1224:1238 Thus, strain JM-1350T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 27613514 3 44 dep related 417:423 arg1 similarity 504:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 5 45 theme quinone 708:714 arg1 system 716:721 The quinone system 704:721 The quinone system 704:721 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7. 27613514 3 46 theme 16S 292:294 arg1 comparisons 326:336 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 292:336 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 292:336 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 2 47 theme stem 167:170 arg1 tissue 172:177 the stem tissue 163:177 the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 163:208 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 7 48 theme iso- 988:991 arg1 acids 977:981 The major fatty acids 961:981 The major fatty acids 961:981 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27613514 7 48 theme iso- 988:991 arg1 acids 1020:1024 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 988:1024 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 988:1024 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27613514 4 49 theme peptidoglycan 660:672 arg1 acid 648:651 The diagnostic diamino acid 625:651 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 625:672 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27613514 4 49 theme peptidoglycan 660:672 arg1 acid 698:701 meso-diaminopimelic acid 678:701 meso-diaminopimelic acid 678:701 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27613514 6 50 theme aminophospholipid 919:935 arg1 glycolipids 900:910 three glycolipids 894:910 three glycolipids 894:910 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 50 theme aminophospholipid 919:935 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 phosphatidylglycerol 849:868 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 50 theme aminophospholipid 919:935 arg1 amounts 883:889 moderate amounts 874:889 moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1) 874:958 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 50 theme aminophospholipid 919:935 arg1 aminophospholipid 919:935 aminophospholipid 919:935 aminophospholipid 919:935 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 50 theme aminophospholipid 919:935 arg1 lipids 815:820 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol 805:868 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol 805:868 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 6 50 theme aminophospholipid 919:935 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 diphosphatidylglycerol 822:843 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 3 51 theme rRNA 296:299 arg1 comparisons 326:336 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 292:336 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 292:336 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 3 52 theme deserti 607:613 arg1 strains 538:544 the type strains 529:544 the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %) 529:622 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 7 53 theme fatty 971:975 arg1 acids 977:981 The major fatty acids 961:981 The major fatty acids 961:981 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27613514 7 53 theme fatty 971:975 arg1 acids 1020:1024 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 988:1024 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 988:1024 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27613514 3 54 theme % 479:479 arg1 similarity 504:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 2 55 theme Gram-positive-staining 66:87 arg1 strain 141:146 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:146 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:146 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 6 56 theme polar 767:771 arg1 profile 784:790 The polar lipid (L1) profile 763:790 The polar lipid (L1) profile 763:790 The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). 27613514 4 57 theme diagnostic 629:638 arg1 acid 648:651 The diagnostic diamino acid 625:651 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 625:672 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27613514 4 57 theme diagnostic 629:638 arg1 acid 698:701 meso-diaminopimelic acid 678:701 meso-diaminopimelic acid 678:701 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27613514 3 58 theme sacchari 464:471 arg1 strain 437:442 the type strain 428:442 the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari 428:471 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 10 59 theme Saccharibacillus 1317:1332 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp 1308:1348 the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp 1308:1348 Thus, strain JM-1350T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. 27613514 2 60 dep Gossypium 190:198 arg1 hirsutum 200:207 Gossypium hirsutum 190:207 Gossypium hirsutum 190:207 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 7 61 theme anteiso-branched 997:1012 arg1 acids 977:981 The major fatty acids 961:981 The major fatty acids 961:981 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27613514 7 61 theme anteiso-branched 997:1012 arg1 acids 1020:1024 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 988:1024 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 988:1024 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27613514 9 62 theme physiological 1094:1106 arg1 tests 1124:1128 physiological and biochemical tests 1094:1128 physiological and biochemical tests 1094:1128 In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species. 27613514 2 63 attach isolated 149:156 arg2 strain 141:146 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:146 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:146 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 2 63 attach isolated 149:156 arg1 tissue 172:177 the stem tissue 163:177 the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 163:208 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 4 64 theme meso-diaminopimelic 678:696 arg1 acid 648:651 The diagnostic diamino acid 625:651 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 625:672 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27613514 4 64 theme meso-diaminopimelic 678:696 arg1 acid 698:701 meso-diaminopimelic acid 678:701 meso-diaminopimelic acid 678:701 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27613514 3 65 theme similarity 315:324 arg1 comparisons 326:336 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 292:336 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 292:336 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 2 66 theme taxonomic 238:246 arg1 study 248:252 a detailed taxonomic study 227:252 a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach 227:280 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 7 67 theme major 965:969 arg1 acids 977:981 The major fatty acids 961:981 The major fatty acids 961:981 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27613514 7 67 theme major 965:969 arg1 acids 1020:1024 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 988:1024 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 988:1024 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27613514 3 68 theme gene 490:493 arg1 similarity 504:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 3 69 theme genus 372:376 arg1 Saccharibacillus 378:393 the genus Saccharibacillus 368:393 the genus Saccharibacillus 368:393 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27613514 2 70 theme detailed 229:236 arg1 study 248:252 a detailed taxonomic study 227:252 a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach 227:280 A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 27613514 9 71 theme biochemical 1112:1122 arg1 tests 1124:1128 physiological and biochemical tests 1094:1128 physiological and biochemical tests 1094:1128 In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species. 27613514 3 72 theme sequence 495:502 arg1 similarity 504:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 474:513 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). 27514529 3 0 theme LB 273:274 arg1 agar 276:279 LB agar 273:279 LB agar 273:279 Cells of the strain are rod-shaped and colonies on LB agar are red. 27514529 6 1 theme strain 783:788 arg1 H6T 790:792 strain H6T 783:792 strain H6T 783:792 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain H6T and S. deserti WLJ055T was 55.0 %. 27514529 5 2 theme genus 525:529 arg1 Saccharibacillus 531:546 the genus Saccharibacillus 521:546 the genus Saccharibacillus 521:546 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 7 3 theme major 833:837 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 871:892 diphosphatidylglycerol 871:892 diphosphatidylglycerol 871:892 The major polar lipids of strain H6T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. 27514529 7 3 theme major 833:837 arg1 lipids 845:850 The major polar lipids 829:850 The major polar lipids of strain H6T 829:864 The major polar lipids of strain H6T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. 27514529 10 4 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 1099:1117 arg1 acid 1119:1122 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1099:1122 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1099:1122 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27514529 4 5 dep % 387:387 arg1 w/v 390:392 w/v 390:392 w/v 390:392 Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. 27514529 2 6 from sample 155:160 arg1 Nanjing 205:211 Nanjing 205:211 Nanjing 205:211 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 2 6 from sample 155:160 arg1 China 214:218 China 214:218 China 214:218 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 2 7 from tailing 178:184 arg1 Nanjing 205:211 Nanjing 205:211 Nanjing 205:211 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 2 7 from tailing 178:184 arg1 China 214:218 China 214:218 China 214:218 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 5 8 theme phylogenetic 453:464 arg1 analysis 466:473 phylogenetic analysis 453:473 phylogenetic analysis 453:473 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 5 9 theme strain 487:492 arg1 H6T 494:496 strain H6T 487:496 strain H6T 487:496 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 11 10 dep Saccharibacillus 1311:1326 arg1 qingshengii 1328:1338 qingshengii 1328:1338 qingshengii 1328:1338 Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 4 11 contain has 301:303 arg2 flagella 324:331 subpolar and polar flagella 305:331 subpolar and polar flagella 305:331 Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. 27514529 4 11 contain has 301:303 arg1 H6T 297:299 Strain H6T 290:299 Strain H6T 290:299 Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. 27514529 6 12 theme relatedness 757:767 arg1 % 826:826 55.0 % 821:826 55.0 % 821:826 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain H6T and S. deserti WLJ055T was 55.0 %. 27514529 6 12 theme relatedness 757:767 arg1 value 769:773 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 745:773 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain H6T and S. deserti WLJ055T 745:815 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain H6T and S. deserti WLJ055T was 55.0 %. 27514529 9 13 theme major 1047:1051 arg1 anteiso-C15  1070:1081 anteiso-C15  1070:1081 anteiso-C15  1070:1081 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27514529 9 13 theme major 1047:1051 arg1 acids 1059:1063 The major fatty acids 1043:1063 The major fatty acids 1043:1063 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27514529 1 14 theme lead-cadmium 55:66 arg1 tailing 68:74 a lead-cadmium tailing 53:74 a lead-cadmium tailing 53:74 nov., isolated from a lead-cadmium tailing. 27514529 11 15 theme Saccharibacillus 1274:1289 arg1 species 1253:1259 a novel species 1245:1259 a novel species 1245:1259 Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 5 16 theme 16S 621:623 arg1 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 5 16 theme 16S 621:623 arg1 similarity 644:653 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 614:653 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 614:653 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 6 17 theme DNA-DNA 749:755 arg1 % 826:826 55.0 % 821:826 55.0 % 821:826 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain H6T and S. deserti WLJ055T was 55.0 %. 27514529 6 17 theme DNA-DNA 749:755 arg1 value 769:773 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 745:773 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain H6T and S. deserti WLJ055T 745:815 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain H6T and S. deserti WLJ055T was 55.0 %. 27514529 4 18 theme optimal 341:347 arg1 condition 349:357 the optimal condition 337:357 the optimal condition for growth 337:368 Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. 27514529 5 19 theme rRNA 625:628 arg1 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 5 19 theme rRNA 625:628 arg1 similarity 644:653 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 614:653 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 614:653 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 7 20 theme H6T 862:864 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 871:892 diphosphatidylglycerol 871:892 diphosphatidylglycerol 871:892 The major polar lipids of strain H6T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. 27514529 7 20 theme H6T 862:864 arg1 lipids 845:850 The major polar lipids 829:850 The major polar lipids of strain H6T 829:864 The major polar lipids of strain H6T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. 27514529 11 21 theme biochemical 1186:1196 arg1 data 1217:1220 the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data 1168:1220 the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data 1168:1220 Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 11 22 theme genus 1268:1272 arg1 Saccharibacillus 1274:1289 the genus Saccharibacillus 1264:1289 the genus Saccharibacillus 1264:1289 Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 11 23 theme novel 1247:1251 arg1 species 1253:1259 a novel species 1245:1259 a novel species 1245:1259 Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 0 24 theme qingshengii 17:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp 0:30 Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 0:31 Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 10 25 located detected 1128:1135 arg2 acid 1119:1122 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1099:1122 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1099:1122 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27514529 10 25 located detected 1128:1135 arg1 peptidoglycan 1144:1156 the peptidoglycan 1140:1156 the peptidoglycan 1140:1156 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27514529 4 26 theme subpolar 305:312 arg1 flagella 324:331 subpolar and polar flagella 305:331 subpolar and polar flagella 305:331 Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. 27514529 13 27 theme 2016001T=JCM 1397:1408 arg1 31172T 1410:1415 =CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T 1387:1415 =CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T 1387:1415 The type strain is H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T). 27514529 13 27 theme 2016001T=JCM 1397:1408 arg1 H6T 1382:1384 H6T 1382:1384 H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T) 1382:1416 The type strain is H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T). 27514529 8 28 theme G+C 974:976 arg1 content 978:984 The DNA G+C content 966:984 The DNA G+C content 966:984 The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. 27514529 8 28 theme G+C 974:976 arg1 % 998:998 58.4 mol% 990:998 58.4 mol% 990:998 The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. 27514529 0 29 theme Saccharibacillus 0:15 arg1 sp 29:30 Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp 0:30 Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 0:31 Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 11 30 theme name 1306:1309 arg1 sp 1340:1341 the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp 1302:1341 the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp 1302:1341 Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 3 31 theme strain 235:240 arg1 Cells 222:226 Cells 222:226 Cells of the strain 222:240 Cells of the strain are rod-shaped and colonies on LB agar are red. 27514529 4 32 theme polar 318:322 arg1 flagella 324:331 subpolar and polar flagella 305:331 subpolar and polar flagella 305:331 Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. 27514529 2 33 from China 214:218 arg1 sample 155:160 a soil sample 148:160 a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China) 148:219 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 11 34 theme phylogenetic 1172:1183 arg1 data 1217:1220 the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data 1168:1220 the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data 1168:1220 Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 7 35 theme unknown 945:951 arg1 glycolipids 953:963 three unknown glycolipids 939:963 three unknown glycolipids 939:963 The major polar lipids of strain H6T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. 27514529 8 36 theme DNA 970:972 arg1 content 978:984 The DNA G+C content 966:984 The DNA G+C content 966:984 The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. 27514529 8 36 theme DNA 970:972 arg1 % 998:998 58.4 mol% 990:998 58.4 mol% 990:998 The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. 27514529 11 37 theme strain 1223:1228 arg1 H6T 1230:1232 strain H6T 1223:1232 strain H6T 1223:1232 Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 13 38 theme type 1367:1370 arg1 strain 1372:1377 The type strain 1363:1377 The type strain 1363:1377 The type strain is H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T). 27514529 13 38 theme type 1367:1370 arg1 H6T 1382:1384 H6T 1382:1384 H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T) 1382:1416 The type strain is H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T). 27514529 4 39 theme % 387:387 arg1 NaCl 395:398 1 % (w/v) NaCl 385:398 1 % (w/v) NaCl 385:398 Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. 27514529 9 40 dep  0 1083:1084 arg1  0 1095:1096  0 1095:1096  0 1095:1096 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27514529 4 41 theme Strain 290:295 arg1 H6T 297:299 Strain H6T 290:299 Strain H6T 290:299 Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. 27514529 8 42 theme isoprenoid 1023:1032 arg1 MK-7 1004:1007 MK-7 1004:1007 MK-7 1004:1007 The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. 27514529 8 42 theme isoprenoid 1023:1032 arg1 quinone 1034:1040 the major isoprenoid quinone 1013:1040 the major isoprenoid quinone 1013:1040 The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. 27514529 5 43 theme 99.0  614:618 arg1 % 619:619 % 619:619 % 619:619 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 4 44 theme 1  385:386 arg1 % 387:387 % 387:387 % 387:387 Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. 27514529 13 45 theme =CCTCC 1387:1392 arg1 31172T 1410:1415 =CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T 1387:1415 =CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T 1387:1415 The type strain is H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T). 27514529 13 45 theme =CCTCC 1387:1392 arg1 H6T 1382:1384 H6T 1382:1384 H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T) 1382:1416 The type strain is H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T). 27514529 5 46 theme rRNA 432:435 arg1 sequences 442:450 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 424:450 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 424:450 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 2 47 attach isolated 134:141 arg1 sample 155:160 a soil sample 148:160 a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China) 148:219 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 2 47 attach isolated 134:141 arg2 H6T 125:127 H6T 125:127 H6T 125:127 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 2 47 attach isolated 134:141 arg2 strain 117:122 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain 77:122 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain 77:122 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 11 48 theme chemotaxonomic 1202:1215 arg1 data 1217:1220 the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data 1168:1220 the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data 1168:1220 Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 2 49 theme Gram-stain-positive 79:97 arg1 H6T 125:127 H6T 125:127 H6T 125:127 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 2 49 theme Gram-stain-positive 79:97 arg1 strain 117:122 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain 77:122 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain 77:122 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 5 50 theme closest 557:563 arg1 relatives 565:573 the closest relatives 553:573 the closest relatives 553:573 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 5 50 theme closest 557:563 arg1 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 13 51 theme AB 1394:1395 arg1 31172T 1410:1415 =CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T 1387:1415 =CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T 1387:1415 The type strain is H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T). 27514529 13 51 theme AB 1394:1395 arg1 H6T 1382:1384 H6T 1382:1384 H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T) 1382:1416 The type strain is H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T). 27514529 5 52 theme gene 437:440 arg1 sequences 442:450 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 424:450 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 424:450 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 2 53 theme soil 150:153 arg1 sample 155:160 a soil sample 148:160 a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China) 148:219 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 8 54 theme 58.4 mol 990:997 arg1 content 978:984 The DNA G+C content 966:984 The DNA G+C content 966:984 The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. 27514529 8 54 theme 58.4 mol 990:997 arg1 % 998:998 58.4 mol% 990:998 58.4 mol% 990:998 The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. 27514529 7 55 theme strain 855:860 arg1 H6T 862:864 strain H6T 855:864 strain H6T 855:864 The major polar lipids of strain H6T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. 27514529 8 56 theme major 1017:1021 arg1 MK-7 1004:1007 MK-7 1004:1007 MK-7 1004:1007 The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. 27514529 8 56 theme major 1017:1021 arg1 quinone 1034:1040 the major isoprenoid quinone 1013:1040 the major isoprenoid quinone 1013:1040 The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. 27514529 2 57 theme tailing 178:184 arg1 sample 155:160 a soil sample 148:160 a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China) 148:219 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 5 58 theme 16S 428:430 arg1 sequences 442:450 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 424:450 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 424:450 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 7 59 theme polar 839:843 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 871:892 diphosphatidylglycerol 871:892 diphosphatidylglycerol 871:892 The major polar lipids of strain H6T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. 27514529 7 59 theme polar 839:843 arg1 lipids 845:850 The major polar lipids 829:850 The major polar lipids of strain H6T 829:864 The major polar lipids of strain H6T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. 27514529 11 60 theme Saccharibacillus 1311:1326 arg1 sp 1340:1341 the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp 1302:1341 the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp 1302:1341 Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. 27514529 9 61 theme fatty 1053:1057 arg1 anteiso-C15  1070:1081 anteiso-C15  1070:1081 anteiso-C15  1070:1081 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27514529 9 61 theme fatty 1053:1057 arg1 acids 1059:1063 The major fatty acids 1043:1063 The major fatty acids 1043:1063 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27514529 5 62 theme gene 630:633 arg1 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 5 62 theme gene 630:633 arg1 similarity 644:653 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 614:653 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 614:653 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 2 63 theme lead-cadmium 165:176 arg1 tailing 178:184 lead-cadmium tailing 165:184 lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China) 165:219 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 3 64 from colonies 261:268 arg1 agar 276:279 LB agar 273:279 LB agar 273:279 Cells of the strain are rod-shaped and colonies on LB agar are red. 27514529 5 65 theme sequence 635:642 arg1 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 5 65 theme sequence 635:642 arg1 similarity 644:653 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 614:653 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 614:653 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 2 66 dep Gram-stain-positive 79:97 arg1 aerobic 109:115 aerobic 109:115 aerobic 109:115 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). 27514529 9 67 dep anteiso-C15  1070:1081 arg1 C16  1090:1093 C16  1090:1093 C16  1090:1093 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27514529 9 67 dep anteiso-C15  1070:1081 arg1  0 1083:1084  0 1083:1084  0 1083:1084 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27514529 5 68 theme % 619:619 arg1 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 WLJ055T 605:611 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 27514529 5 68 theme % 619:619 arg1 similarity 644:653 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 614:653 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 614:653 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). 26813106 8 0 theme polar 905:909 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 923:942 phosphatidylglycerol 923:942 phosphatidylglycerol 923:942 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 8 0 theme polar 905:909 arg1 lipids 911:916 the major polar lipids 895:916 the major polar lipids 895:916 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 3 1 theme strain 173:178 arg1 CJ22T 180:184 strain CJ22T 173:184 strain CJ22T 173:184 Cells of strain CJ22T were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive and rod-shaped. 26813106 6 2 theme phenotypic 650:659 arg1 features 661:668 The phenotypic features 646:668 The phenotypic features of strain CJ22T 646:684 The phenotypic features of strain CJ22T also distinguished it from related species of the genus Cohnella. 26813106 9 3 theme strain 1135:1140 arg1 CJ22T 1142:1146 strain CJ22T 1135:1146 strain CJ22T 1135:1146 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 2 4 from located 137:143 arg1 Korea 157:161 Korea 157:161 Korea 157:161 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 4 5 theme highest 469:475 arg1 similarity 486:495 highest sequence similarity 469:495 highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 469:539 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 3 6 theme CJ22T 180:184 arg1 Cells 164:168 Cells 164:168 Cells of strain CJ22T 164:184 Cells of strain CJ22T were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive and rod-shaped. 26813106 4 7 theme strain 413:418 arg1 CJ22T 420:424 strain CJ22T 413:424 strain CJ22T 413:424 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 4 8 theme Gsoil 530:534 arg1 349T 536:539 Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 511:539 Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 511:539 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 11 9 theme taxonomic 1261:1269 arg1 study 1271:1275 this polyphasic taxonomic study 1245:1275 this polyphasic taxonomic study 1245:1275 Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella saccharovorans sp. 26813106 6 10 theme Cohnella 742:749 arg1 species 721:727 related species 713:727 related species of the genus Cohnella 713:749 The phenotypic features of strain CJ22T also distinguished it from related species of the genus Cohnella. 26813106 7 11 theme meso-diaminopimelic 815:833 arg1 acid 835:838 meso-diaminopimelic acid 815:838 meso-diaminopimelic acid 815:838 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26813106 7 11 theme meso-diaminopimelic 815:833 arg1 acid 775:778 The diagnostic diamino acid 752:778 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 752:809 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26813106 8 12 theme major 899:903 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 923:942 phosphatidylglycerol 923:942 phosphatidylglycerol 923:942 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 8 12 theme major 899:903 arg1 lipids 911:916 the major polar lipids 895:916 the major polar lipids 895:916 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 8 13 theme unidentified 1027:1038 arg1 phospholipids 1040:1052 two unidentified phospholipids 1023:1052 two unidentified phospholipids 1023:1052 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 5 14 theme strain 570:575 arg1 CJ22T 577:581 strain CJ22T 570:581 strain CJ22T 570:581 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CJ22T and its closest relative was 35.5 % (reciprocal value, 23.8%). 26813106 7 15 theme cell-wall 787:795 arg1 peptidoglycan 797:809 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 783:809 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 783:809 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26813106 10 16 theme G+C 1199:1201 arg1 content 1203:1209 The DNA G+C content 1191:1209 The DNA G+C content 1191:1209 The DNA G+C content was 63.1 mol%. 26813106 10 16 theme G+C 1199:1201 arg1 % 1223:1223 63.1 mol% 1215:1223 63.1 mol% 1215:1223 The DNA G+C content was 63.1 mol%. 26813106 11 17 theme name 1371:1374 arg1 Cohnella 1376:1383 the name Cohnella 1367:1383 the name Cohnella 1367:1383 Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella saccharovorans sp. 26813106 5 18 theme DNA-DNA 542:548 arg1 relatedness 550:560 DNA-DNA relatedness 542:560 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CJ22T and its closest relative 542:606 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CJ22T and its closest relative was 35.5 % (reciprocal value, 23.8%). 26813106 13 19 theme 17501T=JCM 1454:1463 arg1 19227T 1465:1470 =KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T 1448:1470 =KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T 1448:1470 The type strain is CJ22T (=KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T). 26813106 13 19 theme 17501T=JCM 1454:1463 arg1 CJ22T 1441:1445 CJ22T 1441:1445 CJ22T (=KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T) 1441:1471 The type strain is CJ22T (=KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T). 26813106 2 20 from Korea 157:161 arg1 located 137:143 located 137:143 located 137:143 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 4 21 theme genus 442:446 arg1 Cohnella 448:455 the genus Cohnella 438:455 the genus Cohnella 438:455 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 10 22 theme 63.1 mol 1215:1222 arg1 content 1203:1209 The DNA G+C content 1191:1209 The DNA G+C content 1191:1209 The DNA G+C content was 63.1 mol%. 26813106 10 22 theme 63.1 mol 1215:1222 arg1 % 1223:1223 63.1 mol% 1215:1223 63.1 mol% 1215:1223 The DNA G+C content was 63.1 mol%. 26813106 4 23 with % 504:504 arg1 349T 536:539 Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 511:539 Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 511:539 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 9 24 theme predominant 1099:1109 arg1 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 24 theme predominant 1099:1109 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1095:1130 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T 1095:1146 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 24 theme predominant 1099:1109 arg1 C16:0 1184:1188 C16:0 1184:1188 C16:0 1184:1188 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 24 theme predominant 1099:1109 arg1 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 24 theme predominant 1099:1109 arg1  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 5 25 dep % 617:617 arg1 value 631:635 reciprocal value 620:635 reciprocal value 620:635 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CJ22T and its closest relative was 35.5 % (reciprocal value, 23.8%). 26813106 5 25 dep % 617:617 arg1 % 642:642 23.8% 638:642 23.8% 638:642 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CJ22T and its closest relative was 35.5 % (reciprocal value, 23.8%). 26813106 5 26 theme closest 591:597 arg1 relative 599:606 its closest relative 587:606 its closest relative 587:606 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CJ22T and its closest relative was 35.5 % (reciprocal value, 23.8%). 26813106 8 27 theme isoprenoid 851:860 arg1 MK-7 886:889 menaquinone MK-7 874:889 menaquinone MK-7 874:889 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 8 27 theme isoprenoid 851:860 arg1 quinone 862:868 The major isoprenoid quinone 841:868 The major isoprenoid quinone 841:868 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 9 28 theme cellular 1111:1118 arg1 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 28 theme cellular 1111:1118 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1095:1130 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T 1095:1146 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 28 theme cellular 1111:1118 arg1 C16:0 1184:1188 C16:0 1184:1188 C16:0 1184:1188 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 28 theme cellular 1111:1118 arg1 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 28 theme cellular 1111:1118 arg1  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 8 29 theme unidentified 1062:1073 arg1 aminophospholipids 1075:1092 two unidentified aminophospholipids 1058:1092 two unidentified aminophospholipids 1058:1092 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 4 30 theme Phylogenetic 341:352 arg1 analysis 354:361 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis 334:361 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 334:397 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 7 31 theme diamino 767:773 arg1 acid 835:838 meso-diaminopimelic acid 815:838 meso-diaminopimelic acid 815:838 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26813106 7 31 theme diamino 767:773 arg1 acid 775:778 The diagnostic diamino acid 752:778 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 752:809 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26813106 11 32 theme strain 1278:1283 arg1 CJ22T 1285:1289 strain CJ22T 1278:1289 strain CJ22T 1278:1289 Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella saccharovorans sp. 26813106 4 33 theme % 504:504 arg1 similarity 486:495 highest sequence similarity 469:495 highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 469:539 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 4 34 theme 30 °C. 334:339 arg1 analysis 354:361 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis 334:361 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 334:397 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 6 35 theme related 713:719 arg1 species 721:727 related species 713:727 related species of the genus Cohnella 713:749 The phenotypic features of strain CJ22T also distinguished it from related species of the genus Cohnella. 26813106 4 36 theme panacarvi 520:528 arg1 349T 536:539 Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 511:539 Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 511:539 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 6 37 theme genus 736:740 arg1 Cohnella 742:749 the genus Cohnella 732:749 the genus Cohnella 732:749 The phenotypic features of strain CJ22T also distinguished it from related species of the genus Cohnella. 26813106 8 38 theme major 845:849 arg1 MK-7 886:889 menaquinone MK-7 874:889 menaquinone MK-7 874:889 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 8 38 theme major 845:849 arg1 quinone 862:868 The major isoprenoid quinone 841:868 The major isoprenoid quinone 841:868 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 11 39 theme genus 1341:1345 arg1 Cohnella 1347:1354 the genus Cohnella 1337:1354 the genus Cohnella 1337:1354 Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella saccharovorans sp. 26813106 4 40 theme Cohnella 511:518 arg1 349T 536:539 Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 511:539 Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 511:539 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 2 41 theme located 137:143 arg1 field 131:135 a ginseng field 121:135 a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea 121:161 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 7 42 theme diagnostic 756:765 arg1 acid 835:838 meso-diaminopimelic acid 815:838 meso-diaminopimelic acid 815:838 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26813106 7 42 theme diagnostic 756:765 arg1 acid 775:778 The diagnostic diamino acid 752:778 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 752:809 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26813106 11 43 theme Cohnella 1347:1354 arg1 species 1326:1332 a novel species 1318:1332 a novel species 1318:1332 Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella saccharovorans sp. 26813106 2 44 theme field 131:135 arg1 soil 113:116 soil 113:116 soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea 113:161 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 8 45 theme menaquinone 874:884 arg1 MK-7 886:889 menaquinone MK-7 874:889 menaquinone MK-7 874:889 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 8 45 theme menaquinone 874:884 arg1 quinone 862:868 The major isoprenoid quinone 841:868 The major isoprenoid quinone 841:868 The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. 26813106 13 46 theme =KACC 1448:1452 arg1 19227T 1465:1470 =KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T 1448:1470 =KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T 1448:1470 The type strain is CJ22T (=KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T). 26813106 13 46 theme =KACC 1448:1452 arg1 CJ22T 1441:1445 CJ22T 1441:1445 CJ22T (=KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T) 1441:1471 The type strain is CJ22T (=KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T). 26813106 4 47 theme sequence 477:484 arg1 similarity 486:495 highest sequence similarity 469:495 highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T 469:539 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 5 48 theme reciprocal 620:629 arg1 value 631:635 reciprocal value 620:635 reciprocal value 620:635 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CJ22T and its closest relative was 35.5 % (reciprocal value, 23.8%). 26813106 5 48 theme reciprocal 620:629 arg1 % 642:642 23.8% 638:642 23.8% 638:642 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CJ22T and its closest relative was 35.5 % (reciprocal value, 23.8%). 26813106 2 49 theme ginseng 123:129 arg1 field 131:135 a ginseng field 121:135 a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea 121:161 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 2 50 theme bacterial 70:78 arg1 CJ22T 88:92 CJ22T 88:92 CJ22T 88:92 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 2 50 theme bacterial 70:78 arg1 strain 80:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 11 51 theme polyphasic 1250:1259 arg1 study 1271:1275 this polyphasic taxonomic study 1245:1275 this polyphasic taxonomic study 1245:1275 Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella saccharovorans sp. 26813106 4 52 theme rRNA 380:383 arg1 sequence 390:397 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 372:397 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 372:397 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 7 53 from acid 775:778 arg1 peptidoglycan 797:809 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 783:809 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 783:809 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26813106 11 54 theme novel 1320:1324 arg1 species 1326:1332 a novel species 1318:1332 a novel species 1318:1332 Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella saccharovorans sp. 26813106 2 55 theme novel 64:68 arg1 CJ22T 88:92 CJ22T 88:92 CJ22T 88:92 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 2 55 theme novel 64:68 arg1 strain 80:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 4 56 theme 16S 376:378 arg1 rRNA 380:383 the 16S rRNA 372:383 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 372:397 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 9 57 dep anteiso-C15  1153:1164 arg1 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 57 dep anteiso-C15  1153:1164 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1095:1130 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T 1095:1146 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 57 dep anteiso-C15  1153:1164 arg1 C16:0 1184:1188 C16:0 1184:1188 C16:0 1184:1188 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 57 dep anteiso-C15  1153:1164 arg1 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 57 dep anteiso-C15  1153:1164 arg1  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 6 58 theme CJ22T 680:684 arg1 features 661:668 The phenotypic features 646:668 The phenotypic features of strain CJ22T 646:684 The phenotypic features of strain CJ22T also distinguished it from related species of the genus Cohnella. 26813106 13 59 theme type 1426:1429 arg1 CJ22T 1441:1445 CJ22T 1441:1445 CJ22T (=KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T) 1441:1471 The type strain is CJ22T (=KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T). 26813106 13 59 theme type 1426:1429 arg1 strain 1431:1436 The type strain 1422:1436 The type strain 1422:1436 The type strain is CJ22T (=KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T). 26813106 10 60 theme DNA 1195:1197 arg1 content 1203:1209 The DNA G+C content 1191:1209 The DNA G+C content 1191:1209 The DNA G+C content was 63.1 mol%. 26813106 10 60 theme DNA 1195:1197 arg1 % 1223:1223 63.1 mol% 1215:1223 63.1 mol% 1215:1223 The DNA G+C content was 63.1 mol%. 26813106 9 61 theme fatty 1120:1124 arg1 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 61 theme fatty 1120:1124 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1095:1130 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T 1095:1146 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 61 theme fatty 1120:1124 arg1 C16:0 1184:1188 C16:0 1184:1188 C16:0 1184:1188 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 61 theme fatty 1120:1124 arg1 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 61 theme fatty 1120:1124 arg1  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 62 theme CJ22T 1142:1146 arg1 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 anteiso-C15  1153:1164 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 62 theme CJ22T 1142:1146 arg1 acids 1126:1130 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1095:1130 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T 1095:1146 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 62 theme CJ22T 1142:1146 arg1 C16:0 1184:1188 C16:0 1184:1188 C16:0 1184:1188 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 62 theme CJ22T 1142:1146 arg1 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 iso-C16:0 1170:1178 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 9 62 theme CJ22T 1142:1146 arg1  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 26813106 6 63 theme strain 673:678 arg1 CJ22T 680:684 strain CJ22T 673:684 strain CJ22T 673:684 The phenotypic features of strain CJ22T also distinguished it from related species of the genus Cohnella. 26813106 4 64 theme gene 385:388 arg1 sequence 390:397 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 372:397 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 372:397 The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. 26813106 2 65 attach isolated 99:106 arg1 soil 113:116 soil 113:116 soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea 113:161 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 2 65 attach isolated 99:106 arg2 strain 80:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 2 65 attach isolated 99:106 arg2 CJ22T 88:92 CJ22T 88:92 CJ22T 88:92 A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. 26813106 11 66 from study 1271:1275 arg1 data 1235:1238 data 1235:1238 data from this polyphasic taxonomic study 1235:1275 Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella saccharovorans sp. 25687348 11 0 theme genus 1237:1241 arg1 Micromonospora 1243:1256 the genus Micromonospora 1233:1256 the genus Micromonospora 1233:1256 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 4 1 theme meso-diaminopimelic 284:302 arg1 acid 304:307 meso-diaminopimelic acid 284:307 meso-diaminopimelic acid 284:307 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of this strain exhibited meso-diaminopimelic acid and 3-OH-meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25687348 9 2 theme genomic 833:839 arg1 DNA 841:843 the genomic DNA 829:843 the genomic DNA 829:843 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 25687348 11 3 theme DNA-DNA 1135:1141 arg1 hybridization 1143:1155 the DNA-DNA hybridization 1131:1155 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1131:1163 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 9 4 theme DNA 841:843 arg1 content 818:824 The G+C content 810:824 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 810:843 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 25687348 9 4 theme DNA 841:843 arg1 % 857:857 72.8 mol% 849:857 72.8 mol% 849:857 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 25687348 2 5 theme actinobacterial 87:101 arg1 CS1-12 111:116 CS1-12 111:116 CS1-12(T) 111:119 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, CS1-12(T), was isolated from a leaf of Costus speciosus. 25687348 2 5 theme actinobacterial 87:101 arg1 strain 103:108 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 73:108 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 73:108 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, CS1-12(T), was isolated from a leaf of Costus speciosus. 25687348 7 6 theme predominant 611:621 arg1 MK-10 641:645 MK-10 641:645 MK-10 641:645 The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H6), MK-10(H8), MK-9(H4) and MK-10(H4). 25687348 7 6 theme predominant 611:621 arg1 menaquinones 623:634 The predominant menaquinones 607:634 The predominant menaquinones 607:634 The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H6), MK-10(H8), MK-9(H4) and MK-10(H4). 25687348 3 7 theme Single 168:173 arg1 spores 175:180 Single spores 168:180 Single spores 168:180 Single spores were observed directly on the substrate mycelia. 25687348 11 8 theme Micromonospora 1243:1256 arg1 species 1222:1228 a novel species 1214:1228 a novel species 1214:1228 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 4 9 theme cell-wall 235:243 arg1 peptidoglycan 245:257 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 231:257 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of this strain 231:272 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of this strain exhibited meso-diaminopimelic acid and 3-OH-meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25687348 9 10 theme mol 854:856 arg1 % 857:857 72.8 mol% 849:857 72.8 mol% 849:857 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 25687348 9 10 theme mol 854:856 arg1 content 818:824 The G+C content 810:824 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 810:843 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 25687348 1 11 theme Costus 55:60 arg1 speciosus 62:70 Costus speciosus 55:70 Costus speciosus 55:70 nov., isolated from a leaf of Costus speciosus. 25687348 10 12 theme Micromonospora 1009:1022 arg1 T 1047:1047 T 1047:1047 T 1047:1047 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 10 12 theme Micromonospora 1009:1022 arg1 % 1055:1055 99.3% 1051:1055 99.3% 1051:1055 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 10 12 theme Micromonospora 1009:1022 arg1 DSM 1037:1039 Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906 1009:1045 Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%) 1009:1056 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 0 13 theme costi 15:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Micromonospora costi sp 0:22 Micromonospora costi sp. 0:23 Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 10 14 theme genus 954:958 arg1 Micromonospora 960:973 the genus Micromonospora 950:973 the genus Micromonospora 950:973 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 11 15 theme hybridization 1143:1155 arg1 results 1157:1163 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1131:1163 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1131:1163 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 1 16 theme speciosus 62:70 arg1 leaf 47:50 a leaf 45:50 a leaf of Costus speciosus 45:70 nov., isolated from a leaf of Costus speciosus. 25687348 13 17 theme type 1326:1329 arg1 CS1-12 1341:1346 CS1-12 1341:1346 CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)) 1341:1382 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 13 17 theme type 1326:1329 arg1 strain 1331:1336 The type strain 1322:1336 The type strain 1322:1336 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 0 18 theme Micromonospora 0:13 arg1 sp 21:22 Micromonospora costi sp 0:22 Micromonospora costi sp. 0:23 Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 13 19 theme T 1364:1364 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 13 19 theme T 1364:1364 arg1 109518 1373:1378  =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518 1352:1378  =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T) 1352:1381 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 11 20 theme costi 1294:1298 arg1 sp 1300:1301 the name Micromonospora costi sp 1270:1301 the name Micromonospora costi sp 1270:1301 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 11 21 theme physiological 1063:1075 arg1 results 1157:1163 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1131:1163 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1131:1163 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 11 21 theme physiological 1063:1075 arg1 properties 1109:1118 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 1059:1118 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 1059:1118 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 11 22 theme strain 1181:1186 arg1 CS1-12 1188:1193 strain CS1-12 1181:1193 strain CS1-12(T) 1181:1196 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 11 22 theme strain 1181:1186 arg1 T 1195:1195 T 1195:1195 T 1195:1195 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 13 23 theme  =NBRC 1366:1371 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 13 23 theme  =NBRC 1366:1371 arg1 109518 1373:1378  =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518 1352:1378  =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T) 1352:1381 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 11 24 theme name 1274:1277 arg1 sp 1300:1301 the name Micromonospora costi sp 1270:1301 the name Micromonospora costi sp 1270:1301 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 8 25 theme main 691:694 arg1 0 757:757 0 757:757 0 757:757 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25687348 8 25 theme main 691:694 arg1 components 696:705 The main components 687:705 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) 687:740 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25687348 3 26 theme substrate 212:220 arg1 mycelia 222:228 the substrate mycelia 208:228 the substrate mycelia 208:228 Single spores were observed directly on the substrate mycelia. 25687348 10 27 theme strain 909:914 arg1 T 923:923 T 923:923 T 923:923 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 10 27 theme strain 909:914 arg1 CS1-12 916:921 strain CS1-12 909:921 strain CS1-12(T) 909:924 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 10 28 theme rRNA 864:867 arg1 data 892:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data 860:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data 860:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 11 29 theme Micromonospora 1279:1292 arg1 sp 1300:1301 the name Micromonospora costi sp 1270:1301 the name Micromonospora costi sp 1270:1301 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 2 30 theme endophytic 76:85 arg1 CS1-12 111:116 CS1-12 111:116 CS1-12(T) 111:119 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, CS1-12(T), was isolated from a leaf of Costus speciosus. 25687348 2 30 theme endophytic 76:85 arg1 strain 103:108 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 73:108 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 73:108 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, CS1-12(T), was isolated from a leaf of Costus speciosus. 25687348 6 31 theme strain 465:470 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 477:500 phosphatidylethanolamine 477:500 phosphatidylethanolamine 477:500 The diagnostic phospholipids of this strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 25687348 6 31 theme strain 465:470 arg1 phospholipids 443:455 The diagnostic phospholipids 428:455 The diagnostic phospholipids of this strain 428:470 The diagnostic phospholipids of this strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 25687348 10 32 theme 16S 860:862 arg1 data 892:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data 860:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data 860:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 4 33 theme 3-OH-meso-diaminopimelic 313:336 arg1 acid 338:341 3-OH-meso-diaminopimelic acid 313:341 3-OH-meso-diaminopimelic acid 313:341 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of this strain exhibited meso-diaminopimelic acid and 3-OH-meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25687348 2 34 attach isolated 126:133 arg2 CS1-12 111:116 CS1-12 111:116 CS1-12(T) 111:119 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, CS1-12(T), was isolated from a leaf of Costus speciosus. 25687348 2 34 attach isolated 126:133 arg1 leaf 142:145 a leaf 140:145 a leaf of Costus speciosus 140:165 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, CS1-12(T), was isolated from a leaf of Costus speciosus. 25687348 2 34 attach isolated 126:133 arg2 strain 103:108 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 73:108 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 73:108 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, CS1-12(T), was isolated from a leaf of Costus speciosus. 25687348 10 35 theme fulviviridis 1024:1035 arg1 T 1047:1047 T 1047:1047 T 1047:1047 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 10 35 theme fulviviridis 1024:1035 arg1 % 1055:1055 99.3% 1051:1055 99.3% 1051:1055 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 10 35 theme fulviviridis 1024:1035 arg1 DSM 1037:1039 Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906 1009:1045 Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%) 1009:1056 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 11 36 theme chemotaxonomic 1094:1107 arg1 results 1157:1163 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1131:1163 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1131:1163 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 11 36 theme chemotaxonomic 1094:1107 arg1 properties 1109:1118 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 1059:1118 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 1059:1118 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 13 37 theme  =BCC 1352:1356 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 13 37 theme  =BCC 1352:1356 arg1 109518 1373:1378  =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518 1352:1378  =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T) 1352:1381 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 8 38 theme fatty 723:727 arg1 acids 729:733 the cellular fatty acids 710:733 the cellular fatty acids (>10%) 710:740 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25687348 8 38 theme fatty 723:727 arg1 % 739:739 >10% 736:739 >10% 736:739 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25687348 2 39 theme speciosus 157:165 arg1 leaf 142:145 a leaf 140:145 a leaf of Costus speciosus 140:165 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, CS1-12(T), was isolated from a leaf of Costus speciosus. 25687348 13 40 theme 58124 1358:1362 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 13 40 theme 58124 1358:1362 arg1 109518 1373:1378  =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518 1352:1378  =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T) 1352:1381 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 5 41 theme whole-cell 409:418 arg1 glucose 355:361 glucose 355:361 glucose 355:361 Arabinose, glucose, ribose, xylose and rhamnose were detected as whole-cell sugars. 25687348 5 41 theme whole-cell 409:418 arg1 rhamnose 383:390 rhamnose 383:390 rhamnose 383:390 Arabinose, glucose, ribose, xylose and rhamnose were detected as whole-cell sugars. 25687348 5 41 theme whole-cell 409:418 arg1 ribose 364:369 ribose 364:369 ribose 364:369 Arabinose, glucose, ribose, xylose and rhamnose were detected as whole-cell sugars. 25687348 5 41 theme whole-cell 409:418 arg1 xylose 372:377 xylose 372:377 xylose 372:377 Arabinose, glucose, ribose, xylose and rhamnose were detected as whole-cell sugars. 25687348 5 41 theme whole-cell 409:418 arg1 sugars 420:425 whole-cell sugars 409:425 whole-cell sugars 409:425 Arabinose, glucose, ribose, xylose and rhamnose were detected as whole-cell sugars. 25687348 5 41 theme whole-cell 409:418 arg1 Arabinose 344:352 Arabinose 344:352 Arabinose 344:352 Arabinose, glucose, ribose, xylose and rhamnose were detected as whole-cell sugars. 25687348 8 42 theme cellular 714:721 arg1 acids 729:733 the cellular fatty acids 710:733 the cellular fatty acids (>10%) 710:740 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25687348 8 42 theme cellular 714:721 arg1 % 739:739 >10% 736:739 >10% 736:739 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25687348 11 43 theme biochemical 1078:1088 arg1 results 1157:1163 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1131:1163 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1131:1163 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 11 43 theme biochemical 1078:1088 arg1 properties 1109:1118 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 1059:1118 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties 1059:1118 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 8 44 dep 0 774:774 arg1 0 787:787 0 787:787 0 787:787 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25687348 6 45 theme diagnostic 432:441 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 477:500 phosphatidylethanolamine 477:500 phosphatidylethanolamine 477:500 The diagnostic phospholipids of this strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 25687348 6 45 theme diagnostic 432:441 arg1 phospholipids 443:455 The diagnostic phospholipids 428:455 The diagnostic phospholipids of this strain 428:470 The diagnostic phospholipids of this strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 25687348 10 46 theme analysis 883:890 arg1 data 892:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data 860:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data 860:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 9 47 theme G+C 814:816 arg1 content 818:824 The G+C content 810:824 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 810:843 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 25687348 9 47 theme G+C 814:816 arg1 % 857:857 72.8 mol% 849:857 72.8 mol% 849:857 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 25687348 8 48 theme acids 729:733 arg1 0 757:757 0 757:757 0 757:757 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25687348 8 48 theme acids 729:733 arg1 components 696:705 The main components 687:705 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) 687:740 The main components of the cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25687348 11 49 theme novel 1216:1220 arg1 species 1222:1228 a novel species 1214:1228 a novel species 1214:1228 The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, including the DNA-DNA hybridization results, indicated that strain CS1-12(T) could be judged a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora costi sp. 25687348 13 50 dep CS1-12 1341:1346 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 13 50 dep CS1-12 1341:1346 arg1 109518 1373:1378  =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518 1352:1378  =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T) 1352:1381 The type strain is CS1-12(T) ( =BCC 58124(T) =NBRC 109518(T)). 25687348 10 51 theme sequence 874:881 arg1 data 892:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data 860:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data 860:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 4 52 theme strain 267:272 arg1 peptidoglycan 245:257 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 231:257 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of this strain 231:272 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of this strain exhibited meso-diaminopimelic acid and 3-OH-meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25687348 6 53 theme phosphatidylinositol 574:593 arg1 mannosides 595:604 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 574:604 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 574:604 The diagnostic phospholipids of this strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 25687348 10 54 theme gene 869:872 arg1 data 892:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data 860:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data 860:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that strain CS1-12(T) should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and that it is closely related to Micromonospora fulviviridis DSM 43906(T) (99.3%). 25687348 3 55 located observed 187:194 arg1 mycelia 222:228 the substrate mycelia 208:228 the substrate mycelia 208:228 Single spores were observed directly on the substrate mycelia. 25687348 3 55 located observed 187:194 arg2 spores 175:180 Single spores 168:180 Single spores 168:180 Single spores were observed directly on the substrate mycelia. 24478205 8 0 theme polar 883:887 arg1 lipids 889:894 The polar lipids 879:894 The polar lipids 879:894 The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid and ten unidentified lipids. 24478205 10 1 theme chemotaxonomic 1204:1217 arg1 inference 1236:1244 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference 1192:1244 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference 1192:1244 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 7 2 theme cell-wall 799:807 arg1 peptidoglycan 809:821 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 795:821 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1289T 795:841 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1289T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478205 4 3 theme genus 504:508 arg1 Salegentibacter 510:524 the genus Salegentibacter 500:524 the genus Salegentibacter 500:524 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 8 4 theme unidentified 1120:1131 arg1 lipids 1133:1138 ten unidentified lipids 1116:1138 ten unidentified lipids 1116:1138 The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid and ten unidentified lipids. 24478205 4 5 theme gene 444:447 arg1 sequences 449:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 10 6 theme name 1351:1354 arg1 sp 1386:1387 the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp 1347:1387 the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp 1347:1387 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 5 7 contain contained 712:720 arg2 MK-6 722:725 MK-6 722:725 MK-6 722:725 Strain CAU 1289T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. 24478205 5 7 contain contained 712:720 arg1 1289T 706:710 Strain CAU 1289T 695:710 Strain CAU 1289T 695:710 Strain CAU 1289T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. 24478205 5 7 contain contained 712:720 arg2 menaquinone 746:756 the predominant menaquinone 730:756 the predominant menaquinone 730:756 Strain CAU 1289T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. 24478205 10 8 theme genus 1314:1318 arg1 Salegentibacter 1320:1334 the genus Salegentibacter 1310:1334 the genus Salegentibacter 1310:1334 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 4 9 theme rRNA 439:442 arg1 sequences 449:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 2 10 theme taxonomic 263:271 arg1 position 273:280 its taxonomic position 259:280 its taxonomic position 259:280 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 9 11 theme G+C 1149:1151 arg1 content 1153:1159 The DNA G+C content 1141:1159 The DNA G+C content 1141:1159 The DNA G+C content was 38.7 mol%. 24478205 9 11 theme G+C 1149:1151 arg1 % 1173:1173 38.7 mol% 1165:1173 38.7 mol% 1165:1173 The DNA G+C content was 38.7 mol%. 24478205 4 12 theme KMM 665:667 arg1 6049T 669:673 Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T 637:673 Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity) 637:692 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 4 12 theme KMM 665:667 arg1 similarity 682:691 96.3% similarity 676:691 96.3% similarity 676:691 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 4 13 theme Phylogenetic 404:415 arg1 analysis 417:424 Phylogenetic analysis 404:424 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 404:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 4 14 theme 96.3 676:679 arg1 % 680:680 % 680:680 % 680:680 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 10 15 dep inference 1236:1244 arg1 basis 1183:1187 basis 1183:1187 basis 1183:1187 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 10 15 dep inference 1236:1244 arg1 the 1179:1181 the 1179:1181 the 1179:1181 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 1 16 theme sea 56:58 arg1 description 77:87 a sea sand and emended description 54:87 a sea sand and emended description of the genus Salegentibacter 54:116 nov., isolated from a sea sand and emended description of the genus Salegentibacter. 24478205 9 17 theme mol 1170:1172 arg1 content 1153:1159 The DNA G+C content 1141:1159 The DNA G+C content 1141:1159 The DNA G+C content was 38.7 mol%. 24478205 9 17 theme mol 1170:1172 arg1 % 1173:1173 38.7 mol% 1165:1173 38.7 mol% 1165:1173 The DNA G+C content was 38.7 mol%. 24478205 1 18 theme sand 60:63 arg1 description 77:87 a sea sand and emended description 54:87 a sea sand and emended description of the genus Salegentibacter 54:116 nov., isolated from a sea sand and emended description of the genus Salegentibacter. 24478205 10 19 theme CAU 1254:1256 arg1 1289T 1258:1262 strain CAU 1289T 1247:1262 strain CAU 1289T 1247:1262 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 3 20 theme 3 389:389 arg1 % 390:390 % 390:390 % 390:390 It grew optimally at pH 6.5 and 30 °C and in the presence of 3% (w/v) NaCl. 24478205 6 21 theme major 763:767 arg1 iso-C15:0 784:792 iso-C15:0 784:792 iso-C15:0 784:792 The major fatty acid was iso-C15:0. 24478205 6 21 theme major 763:767 arg1 acid 775:778 The major fatty acid 759:778 The major fatty acid 759:778 The major fatty acid was iso-C15:0. 24478205 10 22 theme strain 1247:1252 arg1 1289T 1258:1262 strain CAU 1289T 1247:1262 strain CAU 1289T 1247:1262 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 3 23 theme % 390:390 arg1 NaCl 398:401 3% (w/v) NaCl 389:401 3% (w/v) NaCl 389:401 It grew optimally at pH 6.5 and 30 °C and in the presence of 3% (w/v) NaCl. 24478205 0 24 theme chungangensis 16:28 arg1 sp 30:31 Salegentibacter chungangensis sp 0:31 Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 0:32 Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 2 25 theme Gram-stain-negative 121:139 arg1 strain 193:198 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain 119:198 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain 119:198 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 8 26 theme unidentified 995:1006 arg1 phospholipid 1008:1019 an unidentified phospholipid 992:1019 an unidentified phospholipid 992:1019 The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid and ten unidentified lipids. 24478205 8 26 theme unidentified 995:1006 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 971:989 phosphatidylcholine 971:989 phosphatidylcholine 971:989 The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid and ten unidentified lipids. 24478205 1 27 theme emended 69:75 arg1 description 77:87 a sea sand and emended description 54:87 a sea sand and emended description of the genus Salegentibacter 54:116 nov., isolated from a sea sand and emended description of the genus Salegentibacter. 24478205 4 28 theme genus 598:602 arg1 members 582:588 members 582:588 members of this genus 582:602 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 0 29 theme Salegentibacter 0:14 arg1 sp 30:31 Salegentibacter chungangensis sp 0:31 Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 0:32 Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 8 30 theme unidentified 1025:1036 arg1 aminophospholipid 1066:1082 aminophospholipid 1066:1082 aminophospholipid 1066:1082 The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid and ten unidentified lipids. 24478205 8 30 theme unidentified 1025:1036 arg1 aminolipid 1038:1047 an unidentified aminolipid 1022:1047 an unidentified aminolipid 1022:1047 The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid and ten unidentified lipids. 24478205 7 31 theme 1289T 837:841 arg1 peptidoglycan 809:821 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 795:821 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1289T 795:841 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1289T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478205 4 32 theme mishustinae 653:663 arg1 6049T 669:673 Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T 637:673 Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity) 637:692 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 4 32 theme mishustinae 653:663 arg1 similarity 682:691 96.3% similarity 676:691 96.3% similarity 676:691 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 4 33 theme CAU 478:480 arg1 1289T 482:486 strain CAU 1289T 471:486 strain CAU 1289T 471:486 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 2 34 theme CAU 212:214 arg1 1289T 216:220 CAU 1289T 212:220 CAU 1289T 212:220 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 5 35 theme predominant 734:744 arg1 MK-6 722:725 MK-6 722:725 MK-6 722:725 Strain CAU 1289T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. 24478205 5 35 theme predominant 734:744 arg1 menaquinone 746:756 the predominant menaquinone 730:756 the predominant menaquinone 730:756 Strain CAU 1289T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. 24478205 3 36 theme NaCl 398:401 arg1 presence 377:384 the presence 373:384 the presence of 3% (w/v) NaCl 373:401 It grew optimally at pH 6.5 and 30 °C and in the presence of 3% (w/v) NaCl. 24478205 12 37 theme 24000T=CCUG 1443:1453 arg1 64793T 1455:1460 KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T 1438:1460 KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T 1438:1460 The type strain is CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T). 24478205 12 37 theme 24000T=CCUG 1443:1453 arg1 1289T 1431:1435 CAU 1289T 1427:1435 CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T) 1427:1461 The type strain is CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T). 24478205 12 38 theme CAU 1427:1429 arg1 64793T 1455:1460 KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T 1438:1460 KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T 1438:1460 The type strain is CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T). 24478205 12 38 theme CAU 1427:1429 arg1 strain 1417:1422 The type strain 1408:1422 The type strain 1408:1422 The type strain is CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T). 24478205 12 38 theme CAU 1427:1429 arg1 1289T 1431:1435 CAU 1289T 1427:1435 CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T) 1427:1461 The type strain is CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T). 24478205 5 39 theme Strain 695:700 arg1 1289T 706:710 Strain CAU 1289T 695:710 Strain CAU 1289T 695:710 Strain CAU 1289T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. 24478205 13 40 theme emended 1467:1473 arg1 description 1475:1485 An emended description 1464:1485 An emended description of the genus Salegentibacter 1464:1514 An emended description of the genus Salegentibacter is also proposed. 24478205 6 41 theme fatty 769:773 arg1 iso-C15:0 784:792 iso-C15:0 784:792 iso-C15:0 784:792 The major fatty acid was iso-C15:0. 24478205 6 41 theme fatty 769:773 arg1 acid 775:778 The major fatty acid 759:778 The major fatty acid 759:778 The major fatty acid was iso-C15:0. 24478205 13 42 theme genus 1494:1498 arg1 Salegentibacter 1500:1514 the genus Salegentibacter 1490:1514 the genus Salegentibacter 1490:1514 An emended description of the genus Salegentibacter is also proposed. 24478205 4 43 theme % 577:577 arg1 values 558:563 sequence similarity values 538:563 sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% 538:577 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 5 44 theme CAU 702:704 arg1 1289T 706:710 Strain CAU 1289T 695:710 Strain CAU 1289T 695:710 Strain CAU 1289T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. 24478205 2 45 dep Gram-stain-negative 121:139 arg1 rod-shaped 154:163 rod-shaped 154:163 rod-shaped 154:163 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 2 45 dep Gram-stain-negative 121:139 arg1 aerobic 175:181 aerobic 175:181 aerobic 175:181 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 2 45 dep Gram-stain-negative 121:139 arg1 non-motile 142:151 non-motile 142:151 non-motile 142:151 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 13 46 theme Salegentibacter 1500:1514 arg1 description 1475:1485 An emended description 1464:1485 An emended description of the genus Salegentibacter 1464:1514 An emended description of the genus Salegentibacter is also proposed. 24478205 1 47 theme genus 96:100 arg1 Salegentibacter 102:116 the genus Salegentibacter 92:116 the genus Salegentibacter 92:116 nov., isolated from a sea sand and emended description of the genus Salegentibacter. 24478205 4 48 theme strain 471:476 arg1 1289T 482:486 strain CAU 1289T 471:486 strain CAU 1289T 471:486 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 12 49 theme type 1412:1415 arg1 strain 1417:1422 The type strain 1408:1422 The type strain 1408:1422 The type strain is CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T). 24478205 12 49 theme type 1412:1415 arg1 1289T 1431:1435 CAU 1289T 1427:1435 CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T) 1427:1461 The type strain is CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T). 24478205 3 50 dep % 390:390 arg1 w/v 393:395 w/v 393:395 w/v 393:395 It grew optimally at pH 6.5 and 30 °C and in the presence of 3% (w/v) NaCl. 24478205 10 51 theme novel 1293:1297 arg1 species 1299:1305 a novel species 1291:1305 a novel species 1291:1305 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 1 52 theme Salegentibacter 102:116 arg1 description 77:87 a sea sand and emended description 54:87 a sea sand and emended description of the genus Salegentibacter 54:116 nov., isolated from a sea sand and emended description of the genus Salegentibacter. 24478205 7 53 theme strain 826:831 arg1 1289T 837:841 strain CAU 1289T 826:841 strain CAU 1289T 826:841 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1289T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478205 10 54 theme Salegentibacter 1356:1370 arg1 sp 1386:1387 the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp 1347:1387 the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp 1347:1387 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 7 55 theme meso-diaminopimelic 853:871 arg1 acid 873:876 meso-diaminopimelic acid 853:876 meso-diaminopimelic acid 853:876 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1289T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478205 2 56 theme marine 243:248 arg1 sand 250:253 a marine sand 241:253 a marine sand 241:253 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 2 57 theme polyphasic 307:316 arg1 approach 318:325 a polyphasic approach 305:325 a polyphasic approach 305:325 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 7 58 theme CAU 833:835 arg1 1289T 837:841 strain CAU 1289T 826:841 strain CAU 1289T 826:841 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1289T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478205 4 59 theme sequence 538:545 arg1 similarity 547:556 sequence similarity 538:556 sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% 538:577 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 8 60 theme unidentified 1088:1099 arg1 glycolipid 1101:1110 an unidentified glycolipid 1085:1110 an unidentified glycolipid 1085:1110 The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid and ten unidentified lipids. 24478205 12 61 theme KCTC 1438:1441 arg1 64793T 1455:1460 KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T 1438:1460 KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T 1438:1460 The type strain is CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T). 24478205 12 61 theme KCTC 1438:1441 arg1 1289T 1431:1435 CAU 1289T 1427:1435 CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T) 1427:1461 The type strain is CAU 1289T (KCTC 24000T=CCUG 64793T). 24478205 4 62 theme % 680:680 arg1 6049T 669:673 Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T 637:673 Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity) 637:692 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 4 62 theme % 680:680 arg1 similarity 682:691 96.3% similarity 676:691 96.3% similarity 676:691 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 10 63 theme chungangensis 1372:1384 arg1 sp 1386:1387 the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp 1347:1387 the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp 1347:1387 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 4 64 theme Salegentibacter 637:651 arg1 6049T 669:673 Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T 637:673 Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity) 637:692 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 4 64 theme Salegentibacter 637:651 arg1 similarity 682:691 96.3% similarity 676:691 96.3% similarity 676:691 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 2 65 theme bacterial 183:191 arg1 strain 193:198 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain 119:198 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain 119:198 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 10 66 theme Salegentibacter 1320:1334 arg1 species 1299:1305 a novel species 1291:1305 a novel species 1291:1305 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 10 67 theme phenotypic 1192:1201 arg1 inference 1236:1244 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference 1192:1244 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference 1192:1244 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 2 68 attach isolated 227:234 arg2 strain 193:198 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain 119:198 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain 119:198 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 2 68 attach isolated 227:234 arg1 sand 250:253 a marine sand 241:253 a marine sand 241:253 A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1289T, was isolated from a marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24478205 4 69 theme 16S 435:437 arg1 sequences 449:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 24478205 9 70 theme DNA 1145:1147 arg1 content 1153:1159 The DNA G+C content 1141:1159 The DNA G+C content 1141:1159 The DNA G+C content was 38.7 mol%. 24478205 9 70 theme DNA 1145:1147 arg1 % 1173:1173 38.7 mol% 1165:1173 38.7 mol% 1165:1173 The DNA G+C content was 38.7 mol%. 24478205 7 71 contain contained 843:851 arg2 acid 873:876 meso-diaminopimelic acid 853:876 meso-diaminopimelic acid 853:876 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1289T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478205 7 71 contain contained 843:851 arg1 peptidoglycan 809:821 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 795:821 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1289T 795:841 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1289T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478205 10 72 theme phylogenetic 1223:1234 arg1 inference 1236:1244 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference 1192:1244 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference 1192:1244 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1289T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter chungangensis sp. 24478205 4 73 theme similarity 547:556 arg1 values 558:563 sequence similarity values 538:563 sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% 538:577 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1289T belonged to the genus Salegentibacter, exhibiting sequence similarity values of 93.6-96.3% to members of this genus, and was related most closely to Salegentibacter mishustinae KMM 6049T (96.3% similarity). 25517577 11 0 theme body 1813:1816 arg1 composition 1818:1828 body composition 1813:1828 body composition 1813:1828 The correlations between dmft/DMFT indexes and body composition parameters were analysed and a significant correlation between dmft/DMFT indexes and FM% was observed (p=0.031 for dmft, p=0.022 for DMFT). 25517577 16 1 theme sugar-sweetened 3429:3443 arg1 frequency 3502:3510 frequency 3502:3510 frequency of food intake between meals 3502:3539 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 16 1 theme sugar-sweetened 3429:3443 arg1 frequency 3453:3461 frequency 3453:3461 frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals 3453:3499 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 16 1 theme sugar-sweetened 3429:3443 arg1 drinks 3445:3450 sugar-sweetened drinks 3429:3450 sugar-sweetened drinks 3429:3450 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 12 2 theme intake 2150:2155 arg1 frequency 2130:2138 frequency 2130:2138 frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents 2130:2408 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 2 theme intake 2150:2155 arg1 meals 2113:2117 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 8 3 theme Wallis 1396:1401 arg1 test 1403:1406 the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test 1369:1406 the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test 1369:1406 The chi-square test was performed to assess the categorical variables, while the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann Whitney test were employed for the quantitive variables. 25517577 10 4 theme dmft 1663:1666 arg1 ± 1672:1672 dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030 1663:1700 ± 1672:1672 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 1 5 theme food 224:227 arg1 intake 229:234 food intake 224:234 food intake 224:234 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 12 6 theme sport 2350:2354 arg1 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 6 theme sport 2350:2354 arg1 activities 2356:2365 extracurricular sport activities 2334:2365 extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2334:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 16 7 theme limited 3479:3485 arg1 intake 3472:3477 sugar intake 3466:3477 sugar intake limited to main meals 3466:3499 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 3 8 dep analysis 594:601 arg1 obtain 607:612 obtain 607:612 to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements 604:673 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 2 9 theme growth 548:553 arg1 charts 555:560 McCarthy growth charts 539:560 McCarthy growth charts 539:560 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 14 10 theme Group 3016:3020 arg1 C 3022:3022 Group C 3016:3022 Group C 3016:3022 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 13 11 from D 2536:2536 arg1 terms 2541:2545 terms 2541:2545 terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005) 2541:2591 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 3 12 theme fat 619:621 arg1 mass 623:626 body fat mass 614:626 body fat mass (FM) 614:631 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 3 12 theme fat 619:621 arg1 FM 629:630 FM 629:630 FM 629:630 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 10 13 theme permanent 1707:1715 arg1 teeth 1717:1721 permanent teeth 1707:1721 permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039) 1707:1763 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 6 14 dep STATISTICS 1088:1097 arg1 performed 1128:1136 performed 1128:1136 was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA) 1124:1197 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 12 15 dep Groups 2060:2065 arg1 B 2070:2070 B 2070:2070 B 2070:2070 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 15 dep Groups 2060:2065 arg1 A 2067:2067 A 2067:2067 A 2067:2067 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 15 dep Groups 2060:2065 arg1 D 2079:2079 D 2079:2079 D 2079:2079 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 15 dep Groups 2060:2065 arg1 C 2073:2073 C 2073:2073 C 2073:2073 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 16 16 theme sugar 3466:3470 arg1 intake 3472:3477 sugar intake 3466:3477 sugar intake limited to main meals 3466:3499 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 3 17 theme body 637:640 arg1 mass 651:654 body fat free mass 637:654 body fat free mass (FFM) 637:660 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 3 17 theme body 637:640 arg1 FFM 657:659 FFM 657:659 FFM 657:659 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 12 18 from difference 2041:2050 arg1 terms 2084:2088 terms 2084:2088 terms of food intake 2084:2103 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 5 19 with weight 987:992 arg1 caries 999:1004 caries 999:1004 caries 999:1004 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 12 20 theme participation 2317:2329 arg1 frequency 2130:2138 frequency 2130:2138 frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents 2130:2408 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 20 theme participation 2317:2329 arg1 meals 2113:2117 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 16 21 theme dental 3597:3602 arg1 caries 3604:3609 dental caries 3597:3609 dental caries 3597:3609 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 13 22 from C 2530:2530 arg1 terms 2541:2545 terms 2541:2545 terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005) 2541:2591 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 23 theme sugar 2607:2611 arg1 intake 2613:2618 sugar intake 2607:2618 sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001) 2607:2654 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 1 24 theme dental 182:187 arg1 caries 189:194 dental caries 182:194 dental caries 182:194 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 2 25 theme mean 457:460 arg1 age 462:464 mean age 8.58±1.43 457:474 mean age 8.58±1.43 457:474 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 2 25 theme mean 457:460 arg1 MATERIALS 373:381 MATERIALS 373:381 MATERIALS 373:381 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 14 26 from frequency 2887:2895 arg1 terms 2834:2838 terms 2834:2838 terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001) 2834:2884 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 7 27 dep dmft/DMFT 1273:1281 arg1 % 1289:1289 % 1289:1289 % 1289:1289 Spearman's correlation was performed to evaluate the correlation between dmft/DMFT and FM%. 25517577 1 28 theme X-ray 345:349 arg1 DXA 367:369 DXA 367:369 DXA 367:369 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 1 28 theme X-ray 345:349 arg1 Absorptiometry 351:364 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry 340:364 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) 340:370 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 10 29 theme higher 1576:1581 arg1 indexes 1583:1589 higher indexes 1576:1589 higher indexes of dental caries 1576:1606 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 16 30 theme childhood 3615:3623 arg1 obesity 3625:3631 childhood obesity 3615:3631 childhood obesity 3615:3631 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 2 31 dep composition 512:522 arg1 assessment 524:533 assessment 524:533 assessment 524:533 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 13 32 theme intake 2550:2555 arg1 terms 2541:2545 terms 2541:2545 terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005) 2541:2591 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 4 33 theme dental 750:755 arg1 examination 757:767 dental examination 750:767 dental examination 750:767 The subjects underwent dental examination to assess the dmft/DMFT, and completed a questionnaire on food intake, oral hygiene habits and lifestyle. 25517577 10 34 dep RESULTS 1536:1542 arg1 had 1572:1574 had 1572:1574 had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039) 1572:1763 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 3 35 theme free 646:649 arg1 mass 651:654 body fat free mass 637:654 body fat free mass (FFM) 637:660 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 3 35 theme free 646:649 arg1 FFM 657:659 FFM 657:659 FFM 657:659 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 1 36 from impact 214:219 arg1 incidence 271:279 the incidence 267:279 the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients 267:325 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 14 37 from A 2823:2823 arg1 terms 2834:2838 terms 2834:2838 terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001) 2834:2884 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 3 38 theme fan 709:711 arg1 scanner 718:724 a DXA fan beam scanner 703:724 a DXA fan beam scanner 703:724 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 13 39 theme sugar-sweetened 2560:2574 arg1 p=0.005 2584:2590 p=0.005 2584:2590 p=0.005 2584:2590 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 39 theme sugar-sweetened 2560:2574 arg1 drinks 2576:2581 sugar-sweetened drinks 2560:2581 sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005) 2560:2591 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 40 theme food 2670:2673 arg1 intake 2675:2680 food intake 2670:2680 food intake 2670:2680 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 14 41 theme food 2967:2970 arg1 intake 2972:2977 food intake 2967:2977 food intake 2967:2977 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 13 42 dep Groups 2517:2522 arg1 frequency 2657:2665 frequency 2657:2665 frequency 2657:2665 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 42 dep Groups 2517:2522 arg1 frequency 2594:2602 frequency 2594:2602 frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001) 2594:2654 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 42 dep Groups 2517:2522 arg1 A 2524:2524 A 2524:2524 A 2524:2524 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 42 dep Groups 2517:2522 arg1 D 2536:2536 D 2536:2536 D 2536:2536 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 42 dep Groups 2517:2522 arg1 B 2527:2527 B 2527:2527 B 2527:2527 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 42 dep Groups 2517:2522 arg1 C 2530:2530 C 2530:2530 C 2530:2530 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 12 43 dep meals 2113:2117 arg1 father 2411:2416 father (p=0.454) 2411:2426 father (p=0.454) 2411:2426 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 10 44 theme caries 1601:1606 arg1 indexes 1583:1589 higher indexes 1576:1589 higher indexes of dental caries 1576:1606 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 1 45 theme statistical 111:121 arg1 study 123:127 this cross-sectional statistical study 90:127 this cross-sectional statistical study 90:127 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 16 46 theme intake 3335:3340 arg1 analysis 3318:3325 The analysis 3314:3325 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, 3314:3374 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 4 47 theme food 827:830 arg1 intake 832:837 food intake 827:837 food intake 827:837 The subjects underwent dental examination to assess the dmft/DMFT, and completed a questionnaire on food intake, oral hygiene habits and lifestyle. 25517577 14 48 from C 3022:3022 arg1 terms 3033:3037 terms 3033:3037 terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040) 3033:3156 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 15 49 theme evident 3242:3248 arg1 caries 3223:3228 dental caries 3216:3228 dental caries 3216:3228 CONCLUSION This study shows a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM%. 25517577 10 50 theme 2.8 1729:1731 arg1 ± 1733:1733 DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039 1724:1762 ± 1733:1733 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 6 51 theme SPSS 1171:1174 arg1 IL 1190:1191 SPSS Inc., Chicago IL 1171:1191 IL 1190:1191 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 6 51 theme SPSS 1171:1174 arg1 Chicago 1182:1188 Chicago 1182:1188 Chicago 1182:1188 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 1 52 theme dental 284:289 arg1 caries 291:296 dental caries 284:296 dental caries 284:296 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 12 53 theme level 2393:2397 arg1 frequency 2130:2138 frequency 2130:2138 frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents 2130:2408 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 53 theme level 2393:2397 arg1 meals 2113:2117 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 54 from hygiene 2230:2236 arg1 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 54 from hygiene 2230:2236 arg1 activities 2356:2365 extracurricular sport activities 2334:2365 extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2334:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 14 55 theme Group 2817:2821 arg1 A 2823:2823 Group A 2817:2823 Group A 2817:2823 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 12 56 theme hygiene 2230:2236 arg1 frequency 2130:2138 frequency 2130:2138 frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents 2130:2408 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 56 theme hygiene 2230:2236 arg1 meals 2113:2117 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 5 57 theme Group 1049:1053 arg1 D 1055:1055 Group D 1049:1055 Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries) 1049:1085 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 57 theme Group 1049:1053 arg1 A 938:938 Group A 932:938 Group A (normal weight - caries-free) 932:968 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 10 58 dep teeth 1717:1721 arg1 ± 1733:1733 DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039 1724:1762 ± 1733:1733 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 10 58 dep teeth 1717:1721 arg1 ± 1748:1748 DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039 1724:1762 ± 1748:1748 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 2 59 theme cut- 566:569 arg1 offs 571:574 cut- offs 566:574 cut- offs 566:574 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 14 60 theme sugar 3055:3059 arg1 intake 3061:3066 sugar intake 3055:3066 sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001) 3055:3102 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 1 61 theme paediatric 307:316 arg1 patients 318:325 obese paediatric patients 301:325 obese paediatric patients 301:325 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 14 62 theme main 3083:3086 arg1 p<0.001 3095:3101 p<0.001 3095:3101 p<0.001 3095:3101 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 62 theme main 3083:3086 arg1 meals 3088:3092 the main meals 3079:3092 the main meals (p<0.001) 3079:3102 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 6 63 theme SPSS 1144:1147 arg1 version 1159:1165 version 16 1159:1168 version 16 1159:1168 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 6 63 theme SPSS 1144:1147 arg1 software 1149:1156 SPSS software 1144:1156 SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA) 1144:1197 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 5 64 with pre-obese/obese 1058:1072 arg1 caries 1079:1084 caries 1079:1084 caries 1079:1084 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 2 65 theme healthy 410:416 arg1 patients 418:425 96 healthy patients 407:425 96 healthy patients 407:425 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 12 66 theme educational 2381:2391 arg1 level 2393:2397 educational level 2381:2397 educational level of parents 2381:2408 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 5 67 dep B 977:977 arg1 weight 987:992 normal weight 980:992 normal weight with caries 980:1004 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 0 68 theme intakes 54:60 arg1 analysis 37:44 analysis 37:44 Dental caries and childhood obesity: analysis of food intakes, lifestyle. 0:72 Dental caries and childhood obesity: analysis of food intakes, lifestyle. 25517577 15 69 dep CONCLUSION 3159:3168 arg1 shows 3181:3185 shows 3181:3185 shows a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM% 3181:3311 CONCLUSION This study shows a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM%. 25517577 0 70 theme Dental 0:5 arg1 caries 7:12 Dental caries 0:12 Dental caries 0:12 Dental caries and childhood obesity: analysis of food intakes, lifestyle. 25517577 1 71 theme oral 237:240 arg1 hygiene 242:248 oral hygiene 237:248 oral hygiene 237:248 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 12 72 theme home 2194:2197 arg1 p=0.905 2213:2219 p=0.905 2213:2219 p=0.905 2213:2219 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 72 theme home 2194:2197 arg1 hygiene 2204:2210 home oral hygiene 2194:2210 home oral hygiene (p=0.905) 2194:2220 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 14 73 theme intake 3061:3066 arg1 frequency 3042:3050 frequency 3042:3050 frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001) 3042:3102 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 73 theme intake 3061:3066 arg1 frequency 3109:3117 frequency 3109:3117 frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040) 3109:3156 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 74 theme intake 3127:3132 arg1 frequency 3042:3050 frequency 3042:3050 frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001) 3042:3102 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 74 theme intake 3127:3132 arg1 frequency 3109:3117 frequency 3109:3117 frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040) 3109:3156 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 75 theme food 3122:3125 arg1 intake 3127:3132 food intake 3122:3132 food intake between meals (p=0.040) 3122:3156 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 4 76 theme hygiene 845:851 arg1 habits 853:858 oral hygiene habits 840:858 oral hygiene habits 840:858 The subjects underwent dental examination to assess the dmft/DMFT, and completed a questionnaire on food intake, oral hygiene habits and lifestyle. 25517577 12 77 theme intake 2098:2103 arg1 terms 2084:2088 terms 2084:2088 terms of food intake 2084:2103 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 11 78 dep observed 1923:1930 arg1 p=0.031 1933:1939 p=0.031 1933:1939 p=0.031 for dmft 1933:1948 The correlations between dmft/DMFT indexes and body composition parameters were analysed and a significant correlation between dmft/DMFT indexes and FM% was observed (p=0.031 for dmft, p=0.022 for DMFT). 25517577 16 79 theme food 3330:3333 arg1 dmft/DMFT 3343:3351 dmft/DMFT 3343:3351 dmft/DMFT 3343:3351 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 16 79 theme food 3330:3333 arg1 % 3356:3356 FM% 3354:3356 FM% 3354:3356 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 16 79 theme food 3330:3333 arg1 intake 3335:3340 food intake 3330:3340 food intake 3330:3340 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 15 80 theme dental 3216:3221 arg1 caries 3223:3228 dental caries 3216:3228 dental caries 3216:3228 CONCLUSION This study shows a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM%. 25517577 5 81 theme Group 971:975 arg1 A 938:938 Group A 932:938 Group A (normal weight - caries-free) 932:968 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 81 theme Group 971:975 arg1 B 977:977 Group B 971:977 Group B (normal weight with caries) 971:1005 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 11 82 theme FM 1915:1916 arg1 % 1917:1917 FM% 1915:1917 FM% 1915:1917 The correlations between dmft/DMFT indexes and body composition parameters were analysed and a significant correlation between dmft/DMFT indexes and FM% was observed (p=0.031 for dmft, p=0.022 for DMFT). 25517577 16 83 theme dietary 3403:3409 arg1 habits 3411:3416 specific dietary habits 3394:3416 specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) 3394:3540 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 11 84 theme dmft/DMFT 1893:1901 arg1 indexes 1903:1909 dmft/DMFT indexes 1893:1909 dmft/DMFT indexes 1893:1909 The correlations between dmft/DMFT indexes and body composition parameters were analysed and a significant correlation between dmft/DMFT indexes and FM% was observed (p=0.031 for dmft, p=0.022 for DMFT). 25517577 11 85 dep p=0.031 1933:1939 arg1 p=0.022 1951:1957 p=0.022 1951:1957 p=0.022 for DMFT 1951:1966 The correlations between dmft/DMFT indexes and body composition parameters were analysed and a significant correlation between dmft/DMFT indexes and FM% was observed (p=0.031 for dmft, p=0.022 for DMFT). 25517577 0 86 theme food 49:52 arg1 lifestyle 63:71 lifestyle 63:71 lifestyle 63:71 Dental caries and childhood obesity: analysis of food intakes, lifestyle. 25517577 0 86 theme food 49:52 arg1 intakes 54:60 food intakes 49:60 food intakes 49:60 Dental caries and childhood obesity: analysis of food intakes, lifestyle. 25517577 16 87 theme main 3490:3493 arg1 meals 3495:3499 main meals 3490:3499 main meals 3490:3499 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 14 88 theme frequency 3109:3117 arg1 terms 3033:3037 terms 3033:3037 terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040) 3033:3156 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 13 89 theme limited 2620:2626 arg1 intake 2613:2618 sugar intake 2607:2618 sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001) 2607:2654 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 8 90 theme categorical 1340:1350 arg1 variables 1352:1360 the categorical variables 1336:1360 the categorical variables 1336:1360 The chi-square test was performed to assess the categorical variables, while the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann Whitney test were employed for the quantitive variables. 25517577 10 91 theme deciduous 1646:1654 arg1 teeth 1656:1660 deciduous teeth 1646:1660 deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) 1646:1701 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 14 92 theme frequency 3042:3050 arg1 terms 3033:3037 terms 3033:3037 terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040) 3033:3156 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 3 93 theme Body 577:580 arg1 analysis 594:601 Body composition analysis 577:601 Body composition analysis 577:601 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 8 94 theme Whitney 1421:1427 arg1 test 1429:1432 the Mann Whitney test 1412:1432 the Mann Whitney test 1412:1432 The chi-square test was performed to assess the categorical variables, while the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann Whitney test were employed for the quantitive variables. 25517577 12 95 from intake 2150:2155 arg1 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 95 from intake 2150:2155 arg1 activities 2356:2365 extracurricular sport activities 2334:2365 extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2334:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 16 96 theme drinks 3445:3450 arg1 intake 3419:3424 intake 3419:3424 intake 3419:3424 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 5 97 dep groups 924:929 arg1 D 1055:1055 Group D 1049:1055 Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries) 1049:1085 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 97 dep groups 924:929 arg1 caries-free 957:967 normal weight - caries-free 941:967 normal weight - caries-free 941:967 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 97 dep groups 924:929 arg1 A 938:938 Group A 932:938 Group A (normal weight - caries-free) 932:968 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 97 dep groups 924:929 arg1 C 1014:1014 Group C 1008:1014 Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free) 1008:1046 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 97 dep groups 924:929 arg1 B 977:977 Group B 971:977 Group B (normal weight with caries) 971:1005 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 3 98 theme body 614:617 arg1 mass 623:626 body fat mass 614:626 body fat mass (FM) 614:631 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 3 98 theme body 614:617 arg1 FM 629:630 FM 629:630 FM 629:630 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 1 99 from incidence 271:279 arg1 patients 318:325 obese paediatric patients 301:325 obese paediatric patients 301:325 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 3 100 theme mass 623:626 arg1 measurements 662:673 body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements 614:673 body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements 614:673 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 4 101 from questionnaire 810:822 arg1 habits 853:858 oral hygiene habits 840:858 oral hygiene habits 840:858 The subjects underwent dental examination to assess the dmft/DMFT, and completed a questionnaire on food intake, oral hygiene habits and lifestyle. 25517577 4 101 from questionnaire 810:822 arg1 intake 832:837 food intake 827:837 food intake 827:837 The subjects underwent dental examination to assess the dmft/DMFT, and completed a questionnaire on food intake, oral hygiene habits and lifestyle. 25517577 4 101 from questionnaire 810:822 arg1 lifestyle 864:872 lifestyle 864:872 lifestyle 864:872 The subjects underwent dental examination to assess the dmft/DMFT, and completed a questionnaire on food intake, oral hygiene habits and lifestyle. 25517577 2 102 theme body 507:510 arg1 composition 512:522 body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts 507:560 composition 512:522 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 10 103 theme normal 1613:1618 arg1 subjects 1627:1634 normal weight subjects 1613:1634 normal weight subjects 1613:1634 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 14 104 from frequency 2954:2962 arg1 terms 2834:2838 terms 2834:2838 terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001) 2834:2884 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 8 105 theme Kruskal 1388:1394 arg1 test 1403:1406 the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test 1369:1406 the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test 1369:1406 The chi-square test was performed to assess the categorical variables, while the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann Whitney test were employed for the quantitive variables. 25517577 14 106 from D 3028:3028 arg1 terms 3033:3037 terms 3033:3037 terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040) 3033:3156 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 1 107 theme intake 229:234 arg1 impact 214:219 the impact 210:219 the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients 210:325 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 13 108 theme sedentary 2710:2718 arg1 p=0.012 2731:2737 p=0.012 2731:2737 p=0.012 2731:2737 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 108 theme sedentary 2710:2718 arg1 lifestyle 2720:2728 sedentary lifestyle 2710:2728 sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012) 2710:2738 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 12 109 theme extracurricular 2334:2348 arg1 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 109 theme extracurricular 2334:2348 arg1 activities 2356:2365 extracurricular sport activities 2334:2365 extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2334:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 10 110 dep subjects 1627:1634 arg1 both 1637:1640 both 1637:1640 both 1637:1640 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 16 111 theme intake 3472:3477 arg1 frequency 3453:3461 frequency 3453:3461 frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals 3453:3499 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 16 111 theme intake 3472:3477 arg1 drinks 3445:3450 sugar-sweetened drinks 3429:3450 sugar-sweetened drinks 3429:3450 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 8 112 theme quantitive 1456:1465 arg1 variables 1467:1475 the quantitive variables 1452:1475 the quantitive variables 1452:1475 The chi-square test was performed to assess the categorical variables, while the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann Whitney test were employed for the quantitive variables. 25517577 2 113 theme McCarthy 539:546 arg1 charts 555:560 McCarthy growth charts 539:560 McCarthy growth charts 539:560 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 5 114 dep D 1055:1055 arg1 pre-obese/obese 1058:1072 pre-obese/obese 1058:1072 pre-obese/obese with caries 1058:1084 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 12 115 theme starch 2143:2148 arg1 intake 2150:2155 starch intake 2143:2155 starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867) 2143:2191 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 11 116 dep indexes 1801:1807 arg1 parameters 1830:1839 parameters 1830:1839 parameters 1830:1839 The correlations between dmft/DMFT indexes and body composition parameters were analysed and a significant correlation between dmft/DMFT indexes and FM% was observed (p=0.031 for dmft, p=0.022 for DMFT). 25517577 9 117 theme 0.05 1530:1533 arg1 P-value 1519:1525 a P-value 1517:1525 a P-value of 0.05 1517:1533 Statististical significance was set at a P-value of 0.05. 25517577 14 118 from D 2829:2829 arg1 terms 2834:2838 terms 2834:2838 terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001) 2834:2884 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 10 119 theme preobese-obese 1548:1561 arg1 children 1563:1570 The preobese-obese children 1544:1570 The preobese-obese children 1544:1570 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 13 120 theme drinks 2576:2581 arg1 intake 2550:2555 intake 2550:2555 intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005) 2550:2591 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 16 121 theme intake 3520:3525 arg1 frequency 3502:3510 frequency 3502:3510 frequency of food intake between meals 3502:3539 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 16 121 theme intake 3520:3525 arg1 drinks 3445:3450 sugar-sweetened drinks 3429:3450 sugar-sweetened drinks 3429:3450 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 3 122 theme fat 642:644 arg1 mass 651:654 body fat free mass 637:654 body fat free mass (FFM) 637:660 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 3 122 theme fat 642:644 arg1 FFM 657:659 FFM 657:659 FFM 657:659 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 12 123 theme eating 2278:2283 arg1 hygiene 2230:2236 dental hygiene 2223:2236 dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389) 2223:2266 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 123 theme eating 2278:2283 arg1 hygiene 2204:2210 home oral hygiene 2194:2210 home oral hygiene (p=0.905) 2194:2220 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 123 theme eating 2278:2283 arg1 habit 2269:2273 habit 2269:2273 habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196) 2269:2314 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 123 theme eating 2278:2283 arg1 p=0.905 2213:2219 p=0.905 2213:2219 p=0.905 2213:2219 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 123 theme eating 2278:2283 arg1 intake 2150:2155 starch intake 2143:2155 starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867) 2143:2191 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 123 theme eating 2278:2283 arg1 level 2393:2397 educational level 2381:2397 educational level of parents 2381:2408 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 123 theme eating 2278:2283 arg1 participation 2317:2329 participation 2317:2329 participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2317:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 14 124 theme sugar-sweetened 2853:2867 arg1 p=0.001 2877:2883 p=0.001 2877:2883 p=0.001 2877:2883 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 124 theme sugar-sweetened 2853:2867 arg1 drinks 2869:2874 sugar-sweetened drinks 2853:2874 sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001) 2853:2884 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 15 125 theme direct 3189:3194 arg1 association 3196:3206 a direct association 3187:3206 a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM% 3187:3311 CONCLUSION This study shows a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM%. 25517577 1 126 theme Dual 340:343 arg1 DXA 367:369 DXA 367:369 DXA 367:369 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 1 126 theme Dual 340:343 arg1 Absorptiometry 351:364 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry 340:364 Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) 340:370 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 12 127 from hygiene 2204:2210 arg1 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 127 from hygiene 2204:2210 arg1 activities 2356:2365 extracurricular sport activities 2334:2365 extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2334:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 9 128 theme Statististical 1478:1491 arg1 significance 1493:1504 Statististical significance 1478:1504 Statististical significance 1478:1504 Statististical significance was set at a P-value of 0.05. 25517577 12 129 theme significant 2029:2039 arg1 difference 2041:2050 no statistically significant difference 2012:2050 no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978) 2012:2444 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 14 130 theme intake 2906:2911 arg1 frequency 2887:2895 frequency 2887:2895 frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008) 2887:2947 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 130 theme intake 2906:2911 arg1 frequency 2954:2962 frequency 2954:2962 frequency 2954:2962 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 130 theme intake 2906:2911 arg1 D 2829:2829 D 2829:2829 D 2829:2829 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 130 theme intake 2906:2911 arg1 A 2823:2823 Group A 2817:2823 Group A 2817:2823 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 6 131 theme statistical 1103:1113 arg1 analysis 1115:1122 The statistical analysis 1099:1122 The statistical analysis 1099:1122 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 5 132 theme Group 932:936 arg1 D 1055:1055 Group D 1049:1055 Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries) 1049:1085 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 132 theme Group 932:936 arg1 caries-free 957:967 normal weight - caries-free 941:967 normal weight - caries-free 941:967 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 132 theme Group 932:936 arg1 A 938:938 Group A 932:938 Group A (normal weight - caries-free) 932:968 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 132 theme Group 932:936 arg1 C 1014:1014 Group C 1008:1014 Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free) 1008:1046 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 132 theme Group 932:936 arg1 B 977:977 Group B 971:977 Group B (normal weight with caries) 971:1005 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 14 133 theme Successive 2741:2750 arg1 analysis 2752:2759 Successive analysis 2741:2759 Successive analysis 2741:2759 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 11 134 theme dmft/DMFT 1791:1799 arg1 indexes 1801:1807 dmft/DMFT indexes 1791:1807 dmft/DMFT indexes 1791:1807 The correlations between dmft/DMFT indexes and body composition parameters were analysed and a significant correlation between dmft/DMFT indexes and FM% was observed (p=0.031 for dmft, p=0.022 for DMFT). 25517577 5 135 dep C 1014:1014 arg1 caries-free 1035:1045 caries-free 1035:1045 caries-free 1035:1045 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 135 dep C 1014:1014 arg1 pre-obese/obese 1017:1031 pre-obese/obese 1017:1031 pre-obese/obese 1017:1031 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 16 136 theme food 3515:3518 arg1 intake 3520:3525 food intake 3515:3525 food intake 3515:3525 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 14 137 theme intake 2972:2977 arg1 frequency 2887:2895 frequency 2887:2895 frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008) 2887:2947 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 137 theme intake 2972:2977 arg1 frequency 2954:2962 frequency 2954:2962 frequency 2954:2962 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 137 theme intake 2972:2977 arg1 D 2829:2829 D 2829:2829 D 2829:2829 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 137 theme intake 2972:2977 arg1 A 2823:2823 Group A 2817:2823 Group A 2817:2823 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 3 138 theme mass 651:654 arg1 measurements 662:673 body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements 614:673 body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements 614:673 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 12 139 theme hygiene 2204:2210 arg1 frequency 2130:2138 frequency 2130:2138 frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents 2130:2408 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 139 theme hygiene 2204:2210 arg1 meals 2113:2117 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 1 140 theme cross-sectional 95:109 arg1 study 123:127 this cross-sectional statistical study 90:127 this cross-sectional statistical study 90:127 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 3 141 theme beam 713:716 arg1 scanner 718:724 a DXA fan beam scanner 703:724 a DXA fan beam scanner 703:724 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 12 142 theme habit 2269:2273 arg1 frequency 2130:2138 frequency 2130:2138 frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents 2130:2408 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 142 theme habit 2269:2273 arg1 meals 2113:2117 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 13 143 theme intake 2675:2680 arg1 Groups 2517:2522 Groups 2517:2522 Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake 2517:2680 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 143 theme intake 2675:2680 arg1 intake 2675:2680 food intake 2670:2680 food intake 2670:2680 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 12 144 theme dental 2223:2228 arg1 hygiene 2230:2236 dental hygiene 2223:2236 dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389) 2223:2266 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 6 145 theme Inc. 1176:1179 arg1 IL 1190:1191 SPSS Inc., Chicago IL 1171:1191 IL 1190:1191 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 6 145 theme Inc. 1176:1179 arg1 Chicago 1182:1188 Chicago 1182:1188 Chicago 1182:1188 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 12 146 from activities 2356:2365 arg1 frequency 2130:2138 frequency 2130:2138 frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents 2130:2408 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 146 from activities 2356:2365 arg1 meals 2113:2117 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 meals (p=0.436) 2113:2127 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 10 147 theme dental 1594:1599 arg1 caries 1601:1606 dental caries 1594:1606 dental caries 1594:1606 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 1 148 theme study 123:127 arg1 aims 82:85 The aims 78:85 The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study 78:127 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 3 149 theme DXA 705:707 arg1 scanner 718:724 a DXA fan beam scanner 703:724 a DXA fan beam scanner 703:724 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 2 150 theme aged 428:431 arg1 patients 418:425 96 healthy patients 407:425 96 healthy patients 407:425 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 14 151 theme drinks 2869:2874 arg1 intake 2843:2848 intake 2843:2848 intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001) 2843:2884 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 10 152 theme DMFT 1724:1727 arg1 ± 1733:1733 DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039 1724:1762 ± 1733:1733 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 1 153 theme caries 291:296 arg1 incidence 271:279 the incidence 267:279 the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients 267:325 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 2 154 theme patients 418:425 arg1 sample 397:402 A sample 395:402 A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years 395:454 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 1 155 dep AIM 74:76 arg1 were 129:132 were 129:132 were 129:132 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 16 156 theme risk 3560:3563 arg1 factors 3565:3571 risk factors 3560:3571 risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity 3560:3631 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 1 157 theme obese 301:305 arg1 patients 318:325 obese paediatric patients 301:325 obese paediatric patients 301:325 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 6 158 dep version 1159:1165 arg1 IL 1190:1191 SPSS Inc., Chicago IL 1171:1191 IL 1190:1191 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 6 158 dep version 1159:1165 arg1 Chicago 1182:1188 Chicago 1182:1188 Chicago 1182:1188 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 6 158 dep version 1159:1165 arg1 USA 1194:1196 USA 1194:1196 USA 1194:1196 STATISTICS The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). 25517577 12 159 theme parents 2402:2408 arg1 hygiene 2230:2236 dental hygiene 2223:2236 dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389) 2223:2266 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 159 theme parents 2402:2408 arg1 hygiene 2204:2210 home oral hygiene 2194:2210 home oral hygiene (p=0.905) 2194:2220 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 159 theme parents 2402:2408 arg1 habit 2269:2273 habit 2269:2273 habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196) 2269:2314 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 159 theme parents 2402:2408 arg1 p=0.905 2213:2219 p=0.905 2213:2219 p=0.905 2213:2219 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 159 theme parents 2402:2408 arg1 intake 2150:2155 starch intake 2143:2155 starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867) 2143:2191 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 159 theme parents 2402:2408 arg1 level 2393:2397 educational level 2381:2397 educational level of parents 2381:2408 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 159 theme parents 2402:2408 arg1 participation 2317:2329 participation 2317:2329 participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2317:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 14 160 theme significant 2786:2796 arg1 difference 2798:2807 a statistically significant difference 2770:2807 a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040) 2770:3156 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 12 161 from frequency 2130:2138 arg1 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 161 from frequency 2130:2138 arg1 activities 2356:2365 extracurricular sport activities 2334:2365 extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2334:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 8 162 theme chi-square 1296:1305 arg1 test 1307:1310 The chi-square test 1292:1310 The chi-square test 1292:1310 The chi-square test was performed to assess the categorical variables, while the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann Whitney test were employed for the quantitive variables. 25517577 5 163 theme weight 948:953 arg1 caries-free 957:967 normal weight - caries-free 941:967 normal weight - caries-free 941:967 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 163 theme weight 948:953 arg1 A 938:938 Group A 932:938 Group A (normal weight - caries-free) 932:968 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 15 164 from correlation 3257:3267 arg1 evident 3242:3248 evident 3242:3248 evident 3242:3248 CONCLUSION This study shows a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM%. 25517577 10 165 contain had 1572:1574 arg1 children 1563:1570 The preobese-obese children 1544:1570 The preobese-obese children 1544:1570 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 10 165 contain had 1572:1574 arg2 indexes 1583:1589 higher indexes 1576:1589 higher indexes of dental caries 1576:1606 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 12 166 theme food 2093:2096 arg1 intake 2098:2103 food intake 2093:2103 food intake 2093:2103 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 167 theme oral 2199:2202 arg1 p=0.905 2213:2219 p=0.905 2213:2219 p=0.905 2213:2219 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 167 theme oral 2199:2202 arg1 hygiene 2204:2210 home oral hygiene 2194:2210 home oral hygiene (p=0.905) 2194:2220 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 14 168 theme limited 3068:3074 arg1 intake 3061:3066 sugar intake 3055:3066 sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001) 3055:3102 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 12 169 from level 2393:2397 arg1 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 169 from level 2393:2397 arg1 activities 2356:2365 extracurricular sport activities 2334:2365 extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2334:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 0 170 theme childhood 18:26 arg1 obesity 28:34 childhood obesity 18:34 childhood obesity 18:34 Dental caries and childhood obesity: analysis of food intakes, lifestyle. 25517577 1 171 theme hygiene 242:248 arg1 impact 214:219 the impact 210:219 the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients 210:325 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 13 172 from B 2527:2527 arg1 terms 2541:2545 terms 2541:2545 terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005) 2541:2591 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 173 theme main 2635:2638 arg1 p<0.001 2647:2653 p<0.001 2647:2653 p<0.001 2647:2653 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 173 theme main 2635:2638 arg1 meals 2640:2644 the main meals 2631:2644 the main meals (p<0.001) 2631:2654 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 11 174 theme significant 1861:1871 arg1 correlation 1873:1883 a significant correlation 1859:1883 a significant correlation between dmft/DMFT indexes and FM% 1859:1917 The correlations between dmft/DMFT indexes and body composition parameters were analysed and a significant correlation between dmft/DMFT indexes and FM% was observed (p=0.031 for dmft, p=0.022 for DMFT). 25517577 1 175 dep were 129:132 arg1 analysed 328:335 analysed 328:335 analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) 328:370 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 1 176 theme lifestyle 254:262 arg1 impact 214:219 the impact 210:219 the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients 210:325 AIM The aims of this cross-sectional statistical study were to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries and to assess the impact of food intake, oral hygiene and lifestyle on the incidence of dental caries in obese paediatric patients, analysed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). 25517577 5 177 theme Group 1008:1012 arg1 C 1014:1014 Group C 1008:1014 Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free) 1008:1046 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 177 theme Group 1008:1012 arg1 A 938:938 Group A 932:938 Group A (normal weight - caries-free) 932:968 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 4 178 theme oral 840:843 arg1 habits 853:858 oral hygiene habits 840:858 oral hygiene habits 840:858 The subjects underwent dental examination to assess the dmft/DMFT, and completed a questionnaire on food intake, oral hygiene habits and lifestyle. 25517577 15 179 theme caries 3298:3303 arg1 caries 3298:3303 dental caries 3291:3303 dental caries 3291:3303 CONCLUSION This study shows a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM%. 25517577 15 179 theme caries 3298:3303 arg1 % 3311:3311 FM% 3309:3311 FM% 3309:3311 CONCLUSION This study shows a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM%. 25517577 15 179 theme caries 3298:3303 arg1 prevalence 3277:3286 prevalence 3277:3286 prevalence of dental caries 3277:3303 CONCLUSION This study shows a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM%. 25517577 10 180 theme weight 1620:1625 arg1 subjects 1627:1634 normal weight subjects 1613:1634 normal weight subjects 1613:1634 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 10 181 dep teeth 1656:1660 arg1 ± 1672:1672 dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030 1663:1700 ± 1672:1672 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 10 181 dep teeth 1656:1660 arg1 ± 1686:1686 dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030 1663:1700 ± 1686:1686 RESULTS The preobese-obese children had higher indexes of dental caries than normal weight subjects, both for deciduous teeth (dmft 2.5 ± 0.54 vs 1.4 ± 0.38; p=0.030) and permanent teeth (DMFT 2.8 ± 0.24 vs 1.93 ± 1.79; p=0.039). 25517577 16 182 theme specific 3394:3401 arg1 habits 3411:3416 specific dietary habits 3394:3416 specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) 3394:3540 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 12 183 from habit 2269:2273 arg1 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 183 from habit 2269:2273 arg1 activities 2356:2365 extracurricular sport activities 2334:2365 extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2334:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 5 184 theme normal 941:946 arg1 caries-free 957:967 normal weight - caries-free 941:967 normal weight - caries-free 941:967 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 5 184 theme normal 941:946 arg1 A 938:938 Group A 932:938 Group A (normal weight - caries-free) 932:968 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 13 185 theme intake 2613:2618 arg1 frequency 2594:2602 frequency 2594:2602 frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001) 2594:2654 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 13 185 theme intake 2613:2618 arg1 A 2524:2524 A 2524:2524 A 2524:2524 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 12 186 theme brushing 2291:2298 arg1 p=0.196 2307:2313 p=0.196 2307:2313 p=0.196 2307:2313 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 186 theme brushing 2291:2298 arg1 teeth 2300:2304 brushing teeth 2291:2304 brushing teeth (p=0.196) 2291:2314 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 14 187 theme limited 2913:2919 arg1 intake 2906:2911 sugar intake 2900:2911 sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008) 2900:2947 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 3 188 theme composition 582:592 arg1 analysis 594:601 Body composition analysis 577:601 Body composition analysis 577:601 Body composition analysis, to obtain body fat mass (FM) and body fat free mass (FFM) measurements, was determined by means of a DXA fan beam scanner. 25517577 2 189 dep MATERIALS 373:381 arg1 sample 397:402 A sample 395:402 A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years 395:454 MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 96 healthy patients, aged between 6 and 11 years (mean age 8.58±1.43) was classified in relation to body composition assessment and McCarthy growth charts and cut- offs. 25517577 14 190 theme intake 2843:2848 arg1 terms 2834:2838 terms 2834:2838 terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001) 2834:2884 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 8 191 theme Mann 1416:1419 arg1 test 1429:1432 the Mann Whitney test 1412:1432 the Mann Whitney test 1412:1432 The chi-square test was performed to assess the categorical variables, while the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann Whitney test were employed for the quantitive variables. 25517577 5 192 theme normal 980:985 arg1 weight 987:992 normal weight 980:992 normal weight with caries 980:1004 The sample was subsequently subdivided into four groups: Group A (normal weight - caries-free), Group B (normal weight with caries), Group C (pre-obese/obese - caries-free), Group D (pre-obese/obese with caries). 25517577 15 193 theme dental 3291:3296 arg1 caries 3298:3303 dental caries 3291:3303 dental caries 3291:3303 CONCLUSION This study shows a direct association between dental caries and obesity evident from a correlation between prevalence of dental caries and FM%. 25517577 12 194 theme main 2172:2175 arg1 meals 2177:2181 the main meals 2168:2181 the main meals (p=0.867) 2168:2191 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 194 theme main 2172:2175 arg1 p=0.867 2184:2190 p=0.867 2184:2190 p=0.867 2184:2190 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 14 195 theme sugar 2900:2904 arg1 intake 2906:2911 sugar intake 2900:2911 sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008) 2900:2947 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 196 theme main 2928:2931 arg1 meals 2933:2937 the main meals 2924:2937 the main meals (p=0.008) 2924:2947 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 14 196 theme main 2928:2931 arg1 p=0.008 2940:2946 p=0.008 2940:2946 p=0.008 2940:2946 Successive analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between Group A and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.001), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p=0.008), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.018), and between Group C and D in terms of frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), and frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.040). 25517577 13 197 theme significant 2486:2496 arg1 difference 2498:2507 a statistically significant difference 2470:2507 a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012) 2470:2738 In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of intake of sugar-sweetened drinks (p=0.005), frequency of sugar intake limited to the main meals (p<0.001), frequency of food intake between meals (p=0.038) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.012). 25517577 0 198 dep caries 7:12 arg1 analysis 37:44 analysis 37:44 Dental caries and childhood obesity: analysis of food intakes, lifestyle. 0:72 Dental caries and childhood obesity: analysis of food intakes, lifestyle. 25517577 16 199 theme intake 3419:3424 arg1 habits 3411:3416 specific dietary habits 3394:3416 specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) 3394:3540 The analysis of food intake, dmft/DMFT, FM%, measured by DXA, demonstrates that specific dietary habits (intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, frequency of sugar intake limited to main meals, frequency of food intake between meals) may be considered risk factors that are common to both dental caries and childhood obesity. 25517577 8 200 theme non-parametric 1373:1386 arg1 test 1403:1406 the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test 1369:1406 the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test 1369:1406 The chi-square test was performed to assess the categorical variables, while the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann Whitney test were employed for the quantitive variables. 25517577 12 201 from participation 2317:2329 arg1 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 p=0.442 2368:2374 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 25517577 12 201 from participation 2317:2329 arg1 activities 2356:2365 extracurricular sport activities 2334:2365 extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) 2334:2375 According to the data recorded, there was no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B, C and D in terms of food intake between meals (p=0.436), frequency of starch intake limited to the main meals (p=0.867), home oral hygiene (p=0.905), dental hygiene performed at school (p=0.389), habit of eating after brushing teeth (p=0.196), participation in extracurricular sport activities (p=0.442) and educational level of parents: father (p=0.454), mother (p=0.978). 28249594 6 0 theme Chit-DC-VB12 1001:1012 arg1 Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1029:1044 Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1029:1044 Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1029:1044 The scutellarin-loaded Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles (Chit-DC-VB12-Scu) were then prepared by self-assembly in aqueous solution. 28249594 6 0 theme Chit-DC-VB12 1001:1012 arg1 nanoparticles 1014:1026 The scutellarin-loaded Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 978:1026 The scutellarin-loaded Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles (Chit-DC-VB12-Scu) 978:1045 The scutellarin-loaded Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles (Chit-DC-VB12-Scu) were then prepared by self-assembly in aqueous solution. 28249594 11 1 from rats 1951:1954 arg1 expression 1860:1869 the expression 1856:1869 the expression of angiogenesis proteins 1856:1894 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 11 1 from rats 1951:1954 arg1 index 1846:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 8 2 from permeation 1337:1346 arg1 cell 1358:1361 Caco-2 cell 1351:1361 Caco-2 cell 1351:1361 The Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles exhibited high permeation in Caco-2 cell, indicated it could be beneficial to be absorbed in humans. 28249594 10 3 theme Sprague-Dawley 1539:1552 arg1 rats 1554:1557 Sprague-Dawley rats 1539:1557 Sprague-Dawley rats 1539:1557 Bioavailability studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, which present the area under the curve of scutellarin of Chit-DC-VB12-Scu was two to threefolds greater than that of free scutellarin alone. 28249594 2 4 theme endothelial 373:383 arg1 dysfunction 390:400 diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction 347:400 diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction 347:400 Scutellarin (Scu) turned out to be effective against diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. 28249594 1 5 theme microaneurysms 278:291 arg1 expression 255:264 high expression 250:264 high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms 250:291 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 11 6 theme resistivity 1834:1844 arg1 index 1846:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 12 7 contain have 2020:2023 arg1 nanoparticles 1982:1994 Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 1969:1994 Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin 1969:2018 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 12 7 contain have 2020:2023 arg2 bioavailability 2032:2046 better bioavailability 2025:2046 better bioavailability 2025:2046 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 12 7 contain have 2020:2023 arg2 efficiency 2068:2077 cellular uptake efficiency 2052:2077 cellular uptake efficiency 2052:2077 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 5 8 theme colon 848:852 arg1 cells 878:882 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 838:882 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 838:882 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 12 9 from retina 2195:2200 arg1 disorder 2152:2159 the structural disorder 2137:2159 the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes 2137:2220 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 11 10 theme retinal 1819:1825 arg1 index 1846:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 1 11 theme common 198:203 arg1 complication 205:216 the most common complication 189:216 the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms 189:291 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 1 11 theme common 198:203 arg1 retinopathy 174:184 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy 154:184 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy 154:184 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 8 12 theme high 1332:1335 arg1 permeation 1337:1346 high permeation 1332:1346 high permeation 1332:1346 The Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles exhibited high permeation in Caco-2 cell, indicated it could be beneficial to be absorbed in humans. 28249594 5 13 theme good 943:946 arg1 biocompatibility 948:963 good biocompatibility 943:963 good biocompatibility of chitosan 943:975 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 12 14 theme neovessels 2177:2186 arg1 disorder 2152:2159 the structural disorder 2137:2159 the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes 2137:2220 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 13 15 theme target 2470:2475 arg1 nano-carriers 2487:2499 small intestinal target promising nano-carriers 2453:2499 small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 2453:2553 In conclusion, the Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles enhanced scutellarin oral delivery efficacy and exhibited potential as small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 7 16 theme Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1190:1205 arg1 nanoparticles 1207:1219 the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles 1186:1219 the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles 1186:1219 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 7 16 theme Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1190:1205 arg1 particles 1236:1244 spherical particles 1226:1244 spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm 1226:1284 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 12 17 theme angiogenesis 2313:2324 arg1 proteins 2326:2333 angiogenesis proteins 2313:2333 angiogenesis proteins 2313:2333 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 5 18 theme Chit-DC-VB12 784:795 arg1 nanoparticles 797:809 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 776:809 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 776:809 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 5 19 theme zebra 888:892 arg1 fish 894:897 zebra fish 888:897 zebra fish 888:897 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 7 20 theme microscopy 1122:1131 arg1 analysis 1162:1169 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis 1104:1169 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis 1104:1169 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 5 21 theme 250 μg/ml 923:931 arg1 concentration 906:918 concentration 906:918 concentration of 250 μg/ml 906:931 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 12 22 theme structural 2141:2150 arg1 disorder 2152:2159 the structural disorder 2137:2159 the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes 2137:2220 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 7 23 theme Scanning 1104:1111 arg1 microscopy 1122:1131 Scanning electron microscopy 1104:1131 Scanning electron microscopy 1104:1131 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 13 24 theme type 2518:2521 arg1 diabetes 2526:2533 type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 2518:2553 type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 2518:2553 In conclusion, the Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles enhanced scutellarin oral delivery efficacy and exhibited potential as small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 7 25 theme light 1145:1149 arg1 scattering 1151:1160 dynamic light scattering 1137:1160 dynamic light scattering 1137:1160 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 1 26 from complication 205:216 arg1 patients 230:237 diabetic patients 221:237 diabetic patients 221:237 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 1 27 theme BACKGROUND 154:163 arg1 complication 205:216 the most common complication 189:216 the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms 189:291 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 1 27 theme BACKGROUND 154:163 arg1 retinopathy 174:184 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy 154:184 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy 154:184 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 4 28 theme experimental 735:746 arg1 model 769:773 experimental diabetic retinopathy model 735:773 experimental diabetic retinopathy model 735:773 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 0 29 theme B12-modified 61:72 arg1 derivatives 95:105 vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 53:105 vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 53:151 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 13 30 theme intestinal 2459:2468 arg1 nano-carriers 2487:2499 small intestinal target promising nano-carriers 2453:2499 small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 2453:2553 In conclusion, the Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles enhanced scutellarin oral delivery efficacy and exhibited potential as small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 4 31 theme retinopathy 757:767 arg1 model 769:773 experimental diabetic retinopathy model 735:773 experimental diabetic retinopathy model 735:773 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 0 32 theme chitosan 86:93 arg1 derivatives 95:105 vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 53:105 vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 53:151 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 4 33 theme novel 533:537 arg1 carrier 570:576 a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier 531:576 a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability 531:688 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 13 34 theme diabetes 2526:2533 arg1 treatment 2505:2513 treatment 2505:2513 treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 2505:2553 In conclusion, the Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles enhanced scutellarin oral delivery efficacy and exhibited potential as small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 11 35 from expression 1860:1869 arg1 rats 1951:1954 type II diabetic rats 1934:1954 type II diabetic rats 1934:1954 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 3 36 theme low 463:465 arg1 bioavailability 467:481 its low bioavailability 459:481 its low bioavailability 459:481 However, its clinical applications have been limited by its low bioavailability. 28249594 0 37 theme type 116:119 arg1 diabetes 124:131 type II diabetes 116:131 type II diabetes 116:131 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 9 38 theme Chit-DC-VB12 1442:1453 arg1 nanoparticles 1455:1467 Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 1442:1467 Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 1442:1467 We also found that Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles had a high cellular uptake. 28249594 0 39 theme efficacy 41:48 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 0:152 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 4 40 theme chitosan 599:606 arg1 Chit-DC-VB12 621:632 Chit-DC-VB12 621:632 Chit-DC-VB12 621:632 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 4 40 theme chitosan 599:606 arg1 derivatives 608:618 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 587:618 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin 587:657 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 11 41 dep showed 1772:1777 arg1 down-regulated 1796:1809 down-regulated 1796:1809 showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats 1772:1954 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 12 42 dep CONCLUSIONS 1957:1967 arg1 have 2020:2023 have 2020:2023 have 2020:2023 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 0 43 theme scutellarin 15:25 arg1 efficacy 41:48 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 15:48 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 15:48 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 9 44 theme high 1475:1478 arg1 uptake 1489:1494 a high cellular uptake 1473:1494 a high cellular uptake 1473:1494 We also found that Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles had a high cellular uptake. 28249594 12 45 from neovessels 2177:2186 arg1 retina 2195:2200 the retina 2191:2200 the retina 2191:2200 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 13 46 theme promising 2477:2485 arg1 nano-carriers 2487:2499 small intestinal target promising nano-carriers 2453:2499 small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 2453:2553 In conclusion, the Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles enhanced scutellarin oral delivery efficacy and exhibited potential as small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 7 47 from particles 1236:1244 arg1 sizes 1253:1257 the sizes 1249:1257 the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm 1249:1284 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 1 48 dep complication 205:216 arg1 relates 239:245 relates 239:245 relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms 239:291 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 0 49 theme delivery 32:39 arg1 efficacy 41:48 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 15:48 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 15:48 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 4 50 theme target 550:555 arg1 carrier 570:576 a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier 531:576 a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability 531:688 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 2 51 theme vascular 364:371 arg1 dysfunction 390:400 diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction 347:400 diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction 347:400 Scutellarin (Scu) turned out to be effective against diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. 28249594 12 52 theme Chit-DC-VB12 1969:1980 arg1 nanoparticles 1982:1994 Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 1969:1994 Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin 1969:2018 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 9 53 contain had 1469:1471 arg2 uptake 1489:1494 a high cellular uptake 1473:1494 a high cellular uptake 1473:1494 We also found that Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles had a high cellular uptake. 28249594 9 53 contain had 1469:1471 arg1 nanoparticles 1455:1467 Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 1442:1467 Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 1442:1467 We also found that Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles had a high cellular uptake. 28249594 2 54 theme diabetes 347:354 arg1 dysfunction 390:400 diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction 347:400 diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction 347:400 Scutellarin (Scu) turned out to be effective against diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. 28249594 1 55 theme high 250:253 arg1 expression 255:264 high expression 250:264 high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms 250:291 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 11 56 theme proteins 1887:1894 arg1 expression 1860:1869 the expression 1856:1869 the expression of angiogenesis proteins 1856:1894 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 11 56 theme proteins 1887:1894 arg1 index 1846:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 10 57 theme Bioavailability 1497:1511 arg1 studies 1513:1519 Bioavailability studies 1497:1519 Bioavailability studies 1497:1519 Bioavailability studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, which present the area under the curve of scutellarin of Chit-DC-VB12-Scu was two to threefolds greater than that of free scutellarin alone. 28249594 13 58 theme oral 2403:2406 arg1 efficacy 2417:2424 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 2391:2424 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 2391:2424 In conclusion, the Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles enhanced scutellarin oral delivery efficacy and exhibited potential as small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 0 59 theme vitamin 53:59 arg1 derivatives 95:105 vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 53:105 vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 53:151 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 10 60 theme free 1677:1680 arg1 scutellarin 1682:1692 free scutellarin 1677:1692 free scutellarin 1677:1692 Bioavailability studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, which present the area under the curve of scutellarin of Chit-DC-VB12-Scu was two to threefolds greater than that of free scutellarin alone. 28249594 11 61 theme central 1811:1817 arg1 index 1846:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 11 62 theme retinopathy 1756:1766 arg1 efficacy 1735:1742 the therapeutic efficacy 1719:1742 the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy 1719:1766 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 2 63 theme cell 385:388 arg1 dysfunction 390:400 diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction 347:400 diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction 347:400 Scutellarin (Scu) turned out to be effective against diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. 28249594 6 64 theme scutellarin-loaded 982:999 arg1 Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1029:1044 Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1029:1044 Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1029:1044 The scutellarin-loaded Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles (Chit-DC-VB12-Scu) were then prepared by self-assembly in aqueous solution. 28249594 6 64 theme scutellarin-loaded 982:999 arg1 nanoparticles 1014:1026 The scutellarin-loaded Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 978:1026 The scutellarin-loaded Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles (Chit-DC-VB12-Scu) 978:1045 The scutellarin-loaded Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles (Chit-DC-VB12-Scu) were then prepared by self-assembly in aqueous solution. 28249594 7 65 theme spherical 1226:1234 arg1 nanoparticles 1207:1219 the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles 1186:1219 the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles 1186:1219 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 7 65 theme spherical 1226:1234 arg1 particles 1236:1244 spherical particles 1226:1244 spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm 1226:1284 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 8 66 theme Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1291:1306 arg1 nanoparticles 1308:1320 The Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles 1287:1320 The Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles 1287:1320 The Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles exhibited high permeation in Caco-2 cell, indicated it could be beneficial to be absorbed in humans. 28249594 12 67 theme proteins 2326:2333 arg1 expression 2299:2308 the expression 2295:2308 the expression of angiogenesis proteins 2295:2333 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 11 68 theme artery 1827:1832 arg1 index 1846:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 4 69 theme therapeutic 713:723 arg1 effect 725:730 its therapeutic effect 709:730 its therapeutic effect 709:730 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 11 70 theme diabetic 1942:1949 arg1 rats 1951:1954 type II diabetic rats 1934:1954 type II diabetic rats 1934:1954 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 1 71 theme diabetic 221:228 arg1 patients 230:237 diabetic patients 221:237 diabetic patients 221:237 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 12 72 theme intraretinal 2164:2175 arg1 neovessels 2177:2186 intraretinal neovessels 2164:2186 intraretinal neovessels in the retina 2164:2200 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 5 73 theme RESULTS 776:782 arg1 nanoparticles 797:809 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 776:809 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles 776:809 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 8 74 theme Caco-2 1351:1356 arg1 cell 1358:1361 Caco-2 cell 1351:1361 Caco-2 cell 1351:1361 The Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles exhibited high permeation in Caco-2 cell, indicated it could be beneficial to be absorbed in humans. 28249594 11 75 from retinas 1923:1929 arg1 rats 1951:1954 type II diabetic rats 1934:1954 type II diabetic rats 1934:1954 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 7 76 theme scattering 1151:1160 arg1 analysis 1162:1169 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis 1104:1169 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis 1104:1169 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 12 77 theme retinal 2249:2255 arg1 neovascularization 2257:2274 the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins 2245:2333 the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins 2245:2333 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 7 78 theme dynamic 1137:1143 arg1 scattering 1151:1160 dynamic light scattering 1137:1160 dynamic light scattering 1137:1160 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 7 79 theme electron 1113:1120 arg1 microscopy 1122:1131 Scanning electron microscopy 1104:1131 Scanning electron microscopy 1104:1131 Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles were spherical particles in the sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm. 28249594 11 80 theme therapeutic 1723:1733 arg1 efficacy 1735:1742 the therapeutic efficacy 1719:1742 the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy 1719:1766 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 0 81 theme amphiphilic 74:84 arg1 derivatives 95:105 vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 53:105 vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 53:151 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 13 82 theme induced-retinopathy 2535:2553 arg1 diabetes 2526:2533 type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 2518:2553 type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 2518:2553 In conclusion, the Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles enhanced scutellarin oral delivery efficacy and exhibited potential as small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 1 83 theme Diabetic 165:172 arg1 complication 205:216 the most common complication 189:216 the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms 189:291 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 1 83 theme Diabetic 165:172 arg1 retinopathy 174:184 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy 154:184 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy 154:184 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 28249594 5 84 theme human 842:846 arg1 cells 878:882 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 838:882 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 838:882 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 5 85 theme chitosan 968:975 arg1 biocompatibility 948:963 good biocompatibility 943:963 good biocompatibility of chitosan 943:975 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 4 86 theme intestinal 539:548 arg1 carrier 570:576 a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier 531:576 a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability 531:688 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 4 87 theme diabetic 748:755 arg1 model 769:773 experimental diabetic retinopathy model 735:773 experimental diabetic retinopathy model 735:773 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 11 88 theme retinas 1923:1929 arg1 expression 1860:1869 the expression 1856:1869 the expression of angiogenesis proteins 1856:1894 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 11 88 theme retinas 1923:1929 arg1 index 1846:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 central retinal artery resistivity index 1811:1850 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 12 89 theme Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 2095:2110 arg1 nanoparticles 2112:2124 Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles 2095:2124 Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles 2095:2124 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 6 90 theme aqueous 1086:1092 arg1 solution 1094:1101 aqueous solution 1086:1101 aqueous solution 1086:1101 The scutellarin-loaded Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles (Chit-DC-VB12-Scu) were then prepared by self-assembly in aqueous solution. 28249594 5 91 theme low 818:820 arg1 toxicity 822:829 low toxicity 818:829 low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish 818:897 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 12 92 theme uptake 2061:2066 arg1 efficiency 2068:2077 cellular uptake efficiency 2052:2077 cellular uptake efficiency 2052:2077 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 10 93 theme scutellarin 1602:1612 arg1 curve 1593:1597 the curve 1589:1597 the curve of scutellarin of Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1589:1632 Bioavailability studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, which present the area under the curve of scutellarin of Chit-DC-VB12-Scu was two to threefolds greater than that of free scutellarin alone. 28249594 0 94 dep derivatives 95:105 arg1 treat 110:114 treat 110:114 to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 107:151 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 3 95 theme clinical 416:423 arg1 applications 425:436 its clinical applications 412:436 its clinical applications 412:436 However, its clinical applications have been limited by its low bioavailability. 28249594 4 96 theme amphiphilic 587:597 arg1 Chit-DC-VB12 621:632 Chit-DC-VB12 621:632 Chit-DC-VB12 621:632 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 4 96 theme amphiphilic 587:597 arg1 derivatives 608:618 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 587:618 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin 587:657 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 0 97 theme oral 27:30 arg1 efficacy 41:48 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 15:48 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 15:48 Enhancement of scutellarin oral delivery efficacy by vitamin B12-modified amphiphilic chitosan derivatives to treat type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 13 98 theme small 2453:2457 arg1 nano-carriers 2487:2499 small intestinal target promising nano-carriers 2453:2499 small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy 2453:2553 In conclusion, the Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles enhanced scutellarin oral delivery efficacy and exhibited potential as small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 12 99 theme better 2025:2030 arg1 bioavailability 2032:2046 better bioavailability 2025:2046 better bioavailability 2025:2046 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 11 100 from index 1846:1850 arg1 rats 1951:1954 type II diabetic rats 1934:1954 type II diabetic rats 1934:1954 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 5 101 theme adenocarcinoma 854:867 arg1 cells 878:882 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 838:882 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 838:882 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 9 102 theme cellular 1480:1487 arg1 uptake 1489:1494 a high cellular uptake 1473:1494 a high cellular uptake 1473:1494 We also found that Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles had a high cellular uptake. 28249594 4 103 theme nanoparticle 557:568 arg1 carrier 570:576 a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier 531:576 a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability 531:688 In this study, we formulated and characterized a novel intestinal target nanoparticle carrier based on amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (Chit-DC-VB12) loaded with scutellarin to enhance its bioavailability and then evaluated its therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic retinopathy model. 28249594 10 104 theme Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1617:1632 arg1 scutellarin 1602:1612 scutellarin 1602:1612 scutellarin of Chit-DC-VB12-Scu 1602:1632 Bioavailability studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, which present the area under the curve of scutellarin of Chit-DC-VB12-Scu was two to threefolds greater than that of free scutellarin alone. 28249594 10 105 dep two 1638:1640 arg1 greater 1656:1662 greater 1656:1662 greater 1656:1662 Bioavailability studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, which present the area under the curve of scutellarin of Chit-DC-VB12-Scu was two to threefolds greater than that of free scutellarin alone. 28249594 10 105 dep two 1638:1640 arg1 to 1642:1643 to 1642:1643 to 1642:1643 Bioavailability studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, which present the area under the curve of scutellarin of Chit-DC-VB12-Scu was two to threefolds greater than that of free scutellarin alone. 28249594 5 106 theme Caco-2 870:875 arg1 cells 878:882 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 838:882 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 838:882 RESULTS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and zebra fish within concentration of 250 μg/ml, owing to good biocompatibility of chitosan. 28249594 12 107 from disorder 2152:2159 arg1 retina 2195:2200 the retina 2191:2200 the retina 2191:2200 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 12 108 theme cellular 2052:2059 arg1 efficiency 2068:2077 cellular uptake efficiency 2052:2077 cellular uptake efficiency 2052:2077 CONCLUSIONS Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles loaded with scutellarin have better bioavailability and cellular uptake efficiency than Scu, while Chit-DC-VB12-Scu nanoparticles alleviated the structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes, and it also inhibited the retinal neovascularization via down-regulated the expression of angiogenesis proteins. 28249594 2 109 theme related 356:362 arg1 dysfunction 390:400 diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction 347:400 diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction 347:400 Scutellarin (Scu) turned out to be effective against diabetes related vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. 28249594 11 110 dep index 1846:1850 arg1 VEGFR2 1903:1908 VEGFR2 1903:1908 VEGFR2 1903:1908 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 11 110 dep index 1846:1850 arg1 vWF 1915:1917 vWF 1915:1917 vWF 1915:1917 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 11 110 dep index 1846:1850 arg1 VEGF 1897:1900 VEGF 1897:1900 VEGF 1897:1900 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 11 111 theme angiogenesis 1874:1885 arg1 proteins 1887:1894 angiogenesis proteins 1874:1894 angiogenesis proteins 1874:1894 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 13 112 theme scutellarin 2391:2401 arg1 efficacy 2417:2424 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 2391:2424 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 2391:2424 In conclusion, the Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles enhanced scutellarin oral delivery efficacy and exhibited potential as small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 13 113 theme delivery 2408:2415 arg1 efficacy 2417:2424 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 2391:2424 scutellarin oral delivery efficacy 2391:2424 In conclusion, the Chit-DC-VB12 nanoparticles enhanced scutellarin oral delivery efficacy and exhibited potential as small intestinal target promising nano-carriers for treatment of type II diabetes induced-retinopathy. 28249594 11 114 theme diabetic 1747:1754 arg1 retinopathy 1756:1766 diabetic retinopathy 1747:1766 diabetic retinopathy 1747:1766 Further to assess the therapeutic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy, we showed Chit-DC-VB12-Scu down-regulated central retinal artery resistivity index and the expression of angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, VEGFR2, and vWF) of retinas in type II diabetic rats. 28249594 1 115 theme VEGF 269:272 arg1 expression 255:264 high expression 250:264 high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms 250:291 BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication in diabetic patients relates to high expression of VEGF and microaneurysms. 25686987 4 0 theme collagen 1001:1008 arg1 expression 1056:1065 enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression 992:1065 enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression 992:1065 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25686987 0 1 from role 12:15 arg1 phenotype 91:99 phenotype 91:99 phenotype 91:99 Probing the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts. 25686987 0 1 from role 12:15 arg1 production 76:85 matrix production 69:85 matrix production 69:85 Probing the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts. 25686987 1 2 theme tissue 235:240 arg1 engineering 242:252 tissue engineering 235:252 tissue engineering 235:252 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 0 3 theme matrix 69:74 arg1 production 76:85 matrix production 69:85 matrix production 69:85 Probing the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts. 25686987 3 4 theme culture 693:699 arg1 media 701:705 culture media 693:705 culture media composition 693:717 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 1 5 theme micro/nanofibrous 148:164 arg1 matrix 166:171 micro/nanofibrous matrix 148:171 micro/nanofibrous matrix 148:171 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 5 6 theme High 1068:1071 arg1 glucose 1073:1079 High glucose 1068:1079 High glucose media 1068:1085 High glucose media induced spindle like morphology of typical in vivo fibroblasts and enhanced collagen production compared to other media. 25686987 6 7 theme high 1382:1385 arg1 concentration 1395:1407 high glucose concentration 1382:1407 high glucose concentration 1382:1407 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 3 8 theme media 701:705 arg1 composition 707:717 culture media composition 693:717 culture media composition 693:717 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 3 9 theme -related 782:789 arg1 expression 796:805 extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression 756:805 extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression 756:805 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 3 10 theme collagen 591:598 arg1 matrix 600:605 porous collagen matrix and collagen gels 584:623 matrix 600:605 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 6 11 from variation 1213:1221 arg1 biosynthesis 1226:1237 biosynthesis 1226:1237 biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations 1226:1273 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 4 12 theme scaffold-based 952:965 arg1 culture 967:973 scaffold-based culture 952:973 scaffold-based culture 952:973 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25686987 6 13 from pathways 1370:1377 arg1 concentration 1395:1407 high glucose concentration 1382:1407 high glucose concentration 1382:1407 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 4 14 theme lysyl 1027:1031 arg1 oxidase 1033:1039 lysyl oxidase 1027:1039 lysyl oxidase 1027:1039 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25686987 4 14 theme lysyl 1027:1031 arg1 collagen 1001:1008 collagen type I 1001:1015 collagen type I 1001:1015 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25686987 0 15 theme fibroblasts 104:114 arg1 phenotype 91:99 phenotype 91:99 phenotype 91:99 Probing the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts. 25686987 0 15 theme fibroblasts 104:114 arg1 production 76:85 matrix production 69:85 matrix production 69:85 Probing the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts. 25686987 4 16 theme fibroblasts 862:872 arg1 Encapsulation 845:857 Encapsulation 845:857 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel 845:888 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25686987 6 17 theme anabolic 1361:1368 arg1 pathways 1370:1377 anabolic pathways 1361:1377 anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration 1361:1407 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 3 18 theme first 543:547 arg1 study 549:553 the first study 539:553 the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts 539:842 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 3 18 theme first 543:547 arg1 this 531:534 this 531:534 this 531:534 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 1 19 theme dimensional 202:212 arg1 biomaterials 219:230 three dimensional (3D) biomaterials 196:230 three dimensional (3D) biomaterials 196:230 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 1 19 theme dimensional 202:212 arg1 3D 215:216 3D 215:216 3D 215:216 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 5 20 theme collagen 1163:1170 arg1 production 1172:1181 collagen production 1163:1181 collagen production 1163:1181 High glucose media induced spindle like morphology of typical in vivo fibroblasts and enhanced collagen production compared to other media. 25686987 2 21 theme tissue 464:469 arg1 morphogenesis 471:483 tissue morphogenesis 464:483 tissue morphogenesis 464:483 Such studies would have potential to generate valuable insights about wound healing, tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. 25686987 4 22 theme enhanced 992:999 arg1 expression 1056:1065 enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression 992:1065 enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression 992:1065 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25686987 4 23 theme collagen 877:884 arg1 gel 886:888 collagen gel 877:888 collagen gel 877:888 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25686987 1 24 theme fibroblasts 339:349 arg1 dimensionality 304:317 internal dimensionality 295:317 internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts 295:349 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 3 25 theme porous 584:589 arg1 matrix 600:605 porous collagen matrix and collagen gels 584:623 matrix 600:605 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 5 26 theme glucose 1073:1079 arg1 media 1081:1085 High glucose media 1068:1085 High glucose media 1068:1085 High glucose media induced spindle like morphology of typical in vivo fibroblasts and enhanced collagen production compared to other media. 25686987 1 27 theme reciprocal 264:273 arg1 interaction 275:285 reciprocal interaction 264:285 reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts 264:349 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 3 28 theme matrix 600:605 arg1 functionality 567:579 functionality 567:579 functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts 567:659 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 6 29 theme glucose 1387:1393 arg1 concentration 1395:1407 high glucose concentration 1382:1407 high glucose concentration 1382:1407 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 2 30 theme wound 449:453 arg1 healing 455:461 wound healing 449:461 wound healing 449:461 Such studies would have potential to generate valuable insights about wound healing, tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. 25686987 5 31 theme other 1195:1199 arg1 media 1201:1205 other media 1195:1205 other media 1195:1205 High glucose media induced spindle like morphology of typical in vivo fibroblasts and enhanced collagen production compared to other media. 25686987 4 32 theme ECM 925:927 arg1 production 929:938 ECM production 925:938 ECM production 925:938 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25686987 3 33 theme fibroblasts 649:659 arg1 culture 638:644 in vitro culture 629:644 in vitro culture of fibroblasts 629:659 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 5 34 dep typical 1122:1128 arg1 in 1130:1131 in 1130:1131 in 1130:1131 High glucose media induced spindle like morphology of typical in vivo fibroblasts and enhanced collagen production compared to other media. 25686987 0 35 theme dimensionality 29:42 arg1 role 12:15 the role 8:15 the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts 8:114 Probing the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts. 25686987 3 36 theme extracellular 756:768 arg1 matrix 770:775 extracellular matrix 756:775 extracellular matrix (ECM) 756:781 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 3 36 theme extracellular 756:768 arg1 ECM 778:780 ECM 778:780 ECM 778:780 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 2 37 contain have 398:401 arg2 potential 403:411 potential 403:411 potential 403:411 Such studies would have potential to generate valuable insights about wound healing, tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. 25686987 2 37 contain have 398:401 arg1 studies 384:390 Such studies 379:390 Such studies 379:390 Such studies would have potential to generate valuable insights about wound healing, tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. 25686987 6 38 theme glucose 1252:1258 arg1 concentrations 1260:1273 different glucose concentrations 1242:1273 different glucose concentrations 1242:1273 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 6 39 theme endogenous 1295:1304 arg1 activation 1306:1315 endogenous activation 1295:1315 endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration 1295:1407 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 2 40 theme valuable 425:432 arg1 insights 434:441 valuable insights 425:441 valuable insights about wound healing, tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis 425:499 Such studies would have potential to generate valuable insights about wound healing, tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. 25686987 0 41 theme scaffold 20:27 arg1 dimensionality 29:42 scaffold dimensionality 20:42 scaffold dimensionality 20:42 Probing the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts. 25686987 1 42 theme internal 295:302 arg1 dimensionality 304:317 internal dimensionality 295:317 internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts 295:349 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 3 43 theme collagen 611:618 arg1 gels 620:623 porous collagen matrix and collagen gels 584:623 gels 620:623 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 4 44 from Encapsulation 845:857 arg1 gel 886:888 collagen gel 877:888 collagen gel 877:888 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25686987 0 45 theme media 48:52 arg1 role 12:15 the role 8:15 the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts 8:114 Probing the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts. 25686987 3 46 theme gene 791:794 arg1 expression 796:805 extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression 756:805 extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression 756:805 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 4 47 dep collagen 1001:1008 arg1 type 1010:1013 type I 1010:1015 collagen type I 1001:1015 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25686987 6 48 from increase 1335:1342 arg1 ATP 1347:1349 ATP 1347:1349 ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration 1347:1407 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 0 49 dep dimensionality 29:42 arg1 composition 54:64 composition 54:64 composition 54:64 Probing the role of scaffold dimensionality and media composition on matrix production and phenotype of fibroblasts. 25686987 5 50 theme fibroblasts 1138:1148 arg1 morphology 1108:1117 morphology 1108:1117 morphology of typical in vivo fibroblasts 1108:1148 High glucose media induced spindle like morphology of typical in vivo fibroblasts and enhanced collagen production compared to other media. 25686987 3 51 dep in 629:630 arg1 vitro 632:636 vitro 632:636 vitro 632:636 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 5 52 theme typical 1122:1128 arg1 fibroblasts 1138:1148 typical in vivo fibroblasts 1122:1148 typical in vivo fibroblasts 1122:1148 High glucose media induced spindle like morphology of typical in vivo fibroblasts and enhanced collagen production compared to other media. 25686987 5 53 dep in 1130:1131 arg1 vivo 1133:1136 vivo 1133:1136 vivo 1133:1136 High glucose media induced spindle like morphology of typical in vivo fibroblasts and enhanced collagen production compared to other media. 25686987 1 54 used used 191:194 arg2 matrix 166:171 micro/nanofibrous matrix 148:171 micro/nanofibrous matrix 148:171 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 1 54 used used 191:194 arg2 hydrogels 133:141 hydrogels 133:141 hydrogels 133:141 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 1 54 used used 191:194 arg2 sponges 124:130 Porous sponges 117:130 Porous sponges 117:130 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 1 55 theme Porous 117:122 arg1 sponges 124:130 Porous sponges 117:130 Porous sponges 117:130 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 1 56 theme biomaterials 322:333 arg1 dimensionality 304:317 internal dimensionality 295:317 internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts 295:349 Porous sponges, hydrogels, and micro/nanofibrous matrix are most commonly used three dimensional (3D) biomaterials in tissue engineering; however, reciprocal interaction between internal dimensionality of biomaterials and fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. 25686987 3 57 theme in 629:630 arg1 culture 638:644 in vitro culture 629:644 in vitro culture of fibroblasts 629:659 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 6 58 theme different 1242:1250 arg1 concentrations 1260:1273 different glucose concentrations 1242:1273 different glucose concentrations 1242:1273 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 6 59 from biosynthesis 1226:1237 arg1 concentrations 1260:1273 different glucose concentrations 1242:1273 different glucose concentrations 1242:1273 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 3 60 theme protein 811:817 arg1 synthesis 819:827 protein synthesis 811:827 protein synthesis 811:827 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 6 61 theme TGF-β 1320:1324 arg1 activation 1306:1315 endogenous activation 1295:1315 endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration 1295:1407 This variation in biosynthesis in different glucose concentrations was possibly due to endogenous activation of TGF-β or by an increase in ATP consuming anabolic pathways in high glucose concentration. 25686987 3 62 theme gels 620:623 arg1 functionality 567:579 functionality 567:579 functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts 567:659 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 3 63 theme composition 707:717 arg1 role 685:688 the role 681:688 the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts 681:842 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate functionality of porous collagen matrix and collagen gels for in vitro culture of fibroblasts while investigating the role of culture media composition in modulating morphology, phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression and protein synthesis by fibroblasts. 25686987 2 64 theme Such 379:382 arg1 studies 384:390 Such studies 379:390 Such studies 379:390 Such studies would have potential to generate valuable insights about wound healing, tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. 25686987 4 65 theme gene 1051:1054 arg1 expression 1056:1065 enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression 992:1065 enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression 992:1065 Encapsulation of fibroblasts in collagen gel was found to be more effective for ECM production compared to scaffold-based culture, as evidenced by enhanced collagen type I, elastin, lysyl oxidase, aggrecan gene expression. 25583022 0 0 theme hemostatic 83:92 arg1 embolization 94:105 hemostatic embolization 83:105 hemostatic embolization 83:105 Alginate-calcium microsphere loaded with thrombin: a new composite biomaterial for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 8 1 theme systemic 1270:1277 arg1 toxicity 1279:1286 systemic toxicity 1270:1286 systemic toxicity 1270:1286 In addition, the TACMs were verified to be of no cytotoxicity and systemic toxicity, and biodegradable in vivo. 25583022 6 2 theme burst 943:947 arg1 release 949:955 A burst release 941:955 A burst release of TACMs 941:964 A burst release of TACMs was observed at early stage and sustained release later on, with the activity of thrombin preserved well. 25583022 7 3 theme embolic 1128:1134 arg1 agent 1136:1140 embolic agent 1128:1140 embolic agent 1128:1140 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, increased in a dose-dependent manner after TACMs were added. 25583022 7 3 theme embolic 1128:1134 arg1 thrombus 1100:1107 TACMs mixed thrombus 1088:1107 TACMs mixed thrombus 1088:1107 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, increased in a dose-dependent manner after TACMs were added. 25583022 9 4 theme viscera 1499:1505 arg1 hemorrhage 1469:1478 hemorrhage 1469:1478 hemorrhage 1469:1478 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 9 4 theme viscera 1499:1505 arg1 trauma 1458:1463 trauma 1458:1463 trauma 1458:1463 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 4 5 theme special 770:776 arg1 method 778:783 a special method 768:783 a special method 768:783 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 9 6 theme solid 1483:1487 arg1 viscera 1499:1505 solid abdominal viscera 1483:1505 solid abdominal viscera 1483:1505 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 3 7 theme viscera 489:495 arg1 trauma 463:468 blunt trauma 457:468 blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera 457:495 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 1 8 theme standard 172:179 arg1 treatment 181:189 a standard treatment 170:189 a standard treatment to control intracavitary bleeding as an alternative to surgery 170:252 To date, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has become a standard treatment to control intracavitary bleeding as an alternative to surgery. 25583022 5 9 theme high 884:887 arg1 efficiency 903:912 high encapsulation efficiency 884:912 high encapsulation efficiency 884:912 Thrombin was successfully loaded into microspheres with high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity. 25583022 2 10 theme excellent 262:270 arg1 biocompatibility 272:287 excellent biocompatibility 262:287 excellent biocompatibility 262:287 Due to excellent biocompatibility and no residual in vivo, biodegradable materials are preferred in TAE. 25583022 4 11 theme macromolecule 634:646 arg1 material 648:655 a new biodegradable macromolecule material 614:655 a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) 614:710 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 6 12 theme early 982:986 arg1 stage 988:992 early stage 982:992 early stage 982:992 A burst release of TACMs was observed at early stage and sustained release later on, with the activity of thrombin preserved well. 25583022 7 13 theme mixed 1094:1098 arg1 agent 1136:1140 embolic agent 1128:1140 embolic agent 1128:1140 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, increased in a dose-dependent manner after TACMs were added. 25583022 7 13 theme mixed 1094:1098 arg1 thrombus 1100:1107 TACMs mixed thrombus 1088:1107 TACMs mixed thrombus 1088:1107 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, increased in a dose-dependent manner after TACMs were added. 25583022 4 14 theme droplet 745:751 arg1 techniques 753:762 electrostatic droplet techniques 731:762 electrostatic droplet techniques 731:762 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 3 15 theme embolic 426:432 arg1 material 434:441 the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material 380:441 the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now 380:505 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 3 15 theme embolic 426:432 arg1 gelfoam 369:375 gelfoam 369:375 gelfoam 369:375 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 0 16 theme Alginate-calcium 0:15 arg1 microsphere 17:27 Alginate-calcium microsphere 0:27 Alginate-calcium microsphere 0:27 Alginate-calcium microsphere loaded with thrombin: a new composite biomaterial for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 6 17 theme sustained 998:1006 arg1 release 1008:1014 sustained release 998:1014 sustained release 998:1014 A burst release of TACMs was observed at early stage and sustained release later on, with the activity of thrombin preserved well. 25583022 7 18 theme thrombus 1100:1107 arg1 strength 1076:1083 The strength 1072:1083 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, 1072:1141 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, increased in a dose-dependent manner after TACMs were added. 25583022 4 19 theme electrostatic 731:743 arg1 techniques 753:762 electrostatic droplet techniques 731:762 electrostatic droplet techniques 731:762 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 2 20 dep Due 255:257 arg1 materials 328:336 residual in vivo, biodegradable materials 296:336 residual in vivo, biodegradable materials 296:336 Due to excellent biocompatibility and no residual in vivo, biodegradable materials are preferred in TAE. 25583022 4 21 dep material 648:655 arg1 TACMs 705:709 TACMs 705:709 TACMs 705:709 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 4 21 dep material 648:655 arg1 microspheres 691:702 thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres 658:702 thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres 658:702 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 9 22 theme effective 1407:1415 arg1 TACMs 1383:1387 the TACMs 1379:1387 the TACMs 1379:1387 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 9 22 theme effective 1407:1415 arg1 material 1439:1446 an effective and promising embolic material 1404:1446 an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera 1404:1505 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 2 23 theme in 305:306 arg1 materials 328:336 residual in vivo, biodegradable materials 296:336 residual in vivo, biodegradable materials 296:336 Due to excellent biocompatibility and no residual in vivo, biodegradable materials are preferred in TAE. 25583022 9 24 theme promising 1421:1429 arg1 TACMs 1383:1387 the TACMs 1379:1387 the TACMs 1379:1387 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 9 24 theme promising 1421:1429 arg1 material 1439:1446 an effective and promising embolic material 1404:1446 an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera 1404:1505 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 7 25 theme dose-dependent 1158:1171 arg1 manner 1173:1178 a dose-dependent manner 1156:1178 a dose-dependent manner 1156:1178 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, increased in a dose-dependent manner after TACMs were added. 25583022 7 26 theme TACMs 1088:1092 arg1 agent 1136:1140 embolic agent 1128:1140 embolic agent 1128:1140 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, increased in a dose-dependent manner after TACMs were added. 25583022 7 26 theme TACMs 1088:1092 arg1 thrombus 1100:1107 TACMs mixed thrombus 1088:1107 TACMs mixed thrombus 1088:1107 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, increased in a dose-dependent manner after TACMs were added. 25583022 2 27 theme residual 296:303 arg1 materials 328:336 residual in vivo, biodegradable materials 296:336 residual in vivo, biodegradable materials 296:336 Due to excellent biocompatibility and no residual in vivo, biodegradable materials are preferred in TAE. 25583022 9 28 theme abdominal 1489:1497 arg1 viscera 1499:1505 solid abdominal viscera 1483:1505 solid abdominal viscera 1483:1505 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 3 29 theme available 402:410 arg1 material 434:441 the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material 380:441 the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now 380:505 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 3 29 theme available 402:410 arg1 gelfoam 369:375 gelfoam 369:375 gelfoam 369:375 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 4 30 theme thrombin-loaded 658:672 arg1 TACMs 705:709 TACMs 705:709 TACMs 705:709 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 4 30 theme thrombin-loaded 658:672 arg1 microspheres 691:702 thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres 658:702 thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres 658:702 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 9 31 theme embolic 1431:1437 arg1 TACMs 1383:1387 the TACMs 1379:1387 the TACMs 1379:1387 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 9 31 theme embolic 1431:1437 arg1 material 1439:1446 an effective and promising embolic material 1404:1446 an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera 1404:1505 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 4 32 theme biodegradable 620:632 arg1 material 648:655 a new biodegradable macromolecule material 614:655 a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) 614:710 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 3 33 theme biodegradable 412:424 arg1 material 434:441 the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material 380:441 the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now 380:505 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 3 33 theme biodegradable 412:424 arg1 gelfoam 369:375 gelfoam 369:375 gelfoam 369:375 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 9 34 theme applications 1352:1363 arg1 results 1329:1335 the results 1325:1335 the results of preliminary applications 1325:1363 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 4 35 theme new 616:618 arg1 material 648:655 a new biodegradable macromolecule material 614:655 a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) 614:710 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 0 36 theme new 53:55 arg1 biomaterial 67:77 a new composite biomaterial 51:77 a new composite biomaterial for hemostatic embolization 51:105 Alginate-calcium microsphere loaded with thrombin: a new composite biomaterial for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 6 37 theme thrombin 1047:1054 arg1 activity 1035:1042 the activity 1031:1042 the activity of thrombin 1031:1054 A burst release of TACMs was observed at early stage and sustained release later on, with the activity of thrombin preserved well. 25583022 2 38 dep in 305:306 arg1 biodegradable 314:326 biodegradable 314:326 biodegradable 314:326 Due to excellent biocompatibility and no residual in vivo, biodegradable materials are preferred in TAE. 25583022 2 38 dep in 305:306 arg1 vivo 308:311 vivo 308:311 vivo 308:311 Due to excellent biocompatibility and no residual in vivo, biodegradable materials are preferred in TAE. 25583022 9 39 theme preliminary 1340:1350 arg1 applications 1352:1363 preliminary applications 1340:1363 preliminary applications 1340:1363 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 3 40 theme past 580:583 arg1 decades 590:596 the past five decades 576:596 the past five decades 576:596 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 1 41 theme transcatheter 117:129 arg1 TAE 154:156 TAE 154:156 TAE 154:156 To date, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has become a standard treatment to control intracavitary bleeding as an alternative to surgery. 25583022 1 41 theme transcatheter 117:129 arg1 embolization 140:151 transcatheter arterial embolization 117:151 transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) 117:157 To date, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has become a standard treatment to control intracavitary bleeding as an alternative to surgery. 25583022 6 42 theme TACMs 960:964 arg1 release 949:955 A burst release 941:955 A burst release of TACMs 941:964 A burst release of TACMs was observed at early stage and sustained release later on, with the activity of thrombin preserved well. 25583022 1 43 theme arterial 131:138 arg1 TAE 154:156 TAE 154:156 TAE 154:156 To date, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has become a standard treatment to control intracavitary bleeding as an alternative to surgery. 25583022 1 43 theme arterial 131:138 arg1 embolization 140:151 transcatheter arterial embolization 117:151 transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) 117:157 To date, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has become a standard treatment to control intracavitary bleeding as an alternative to surgery. 25583022 9 44 dep trauma 1458:1463 arg1 blunt 1452:1456 blunt 1452:1456 blunt 1452:1456 Finally, the results of preliminary applications revealed that the TACMs could serve as an effective and promising embolic material for blunt trauma and hemorrhage of solid abdominal viscera. 25583022 3 45 theme abdominal 479:487 arg1 viscera 489:495 solid abdominal viscera 473:495 solid abdominal viscera 473:495 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 3 46 theme solid 473:477 arg1 viscera 489:495 solid abdominal viscera 473:495 solid abdominal viscera 473:495 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 7 47 used used 1120:1123 arg2 agent 1136:1140 embolic agent 1128:1140 embolic agent 1128:1140 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, increased in a dose-dependent manner after TACMs were added. 25583022 7 47 used used 1120:1123 arg2 thrombus 1100:1107 TACMs mixed thrombus 1088:1107 TACMs mixed thrombus 1088:1107 The strength of TACMs mixed thrombus, which was used as embolic agent, increased in a dose-dependent manner after TACMs were added. 25583022 5 48 theme loading 923:929 arg1 capacity 931:938 drug loading capacity 918:938 drug loading capacity 918:938 Thrombin was successfully loaded into microspheres with high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity. 25583022 3 49 dep trauma 463:468 arg1 blunt 457:461 blunt 457:461 blunt 457:461 However, gelfoam is the only commercially available biodegradable embolic material used to treat blunt trauma of solid abdominal viscera until now, and controversial on its stability and reliability never stopped in the past five decades. 25583022 5 50 theme drug 918:921 arg1 capacity 931:938 drug loading capacity 918:938 drug loading capacity 918:938 Thrombin was successfully loaded into microspheres with high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity. 25583022 5 51 theme encapsulation 889:901 arg1 efficiency 903:912 high encapsulation efficiency 884:912 high encapsulation efficiency 884:912 Thrombin was successfully loaded into microspheres with high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity. 25583022 0 52 theme composite 57:65 arg1 biomaterial 67:77 a new composite biomaterial 51:77 a new composite biomaterial for hemostatic embolization 51:105 Alginate-calcium microsphere loaded with thrombin: a new composite biomaterial for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 6 53 dep later 1016:1020 arg1 on 1022:1023 on 1022:1023 on 1022:1023 A burst release of TACMs was observed at early stage and sustained release later on, with the activity of thrombin preserved well. 25583022 4 54 theme hemostatic 803:812 arg1 embolization 814:825 hemostatic embolization 803:825 hemostatic embolization 803:825 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 4 55 theme alginate-calcium 674:689 arg1 TACMs 705:709 TACMs 705:709 TACMs 705:709 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 25583022 4 55 theme alginate-calcium 674:689 arg1 microspheres 691:702 thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres 658:702 thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres 658:702 In this study, a new biodegradable macromolecule material (thrombin-loaded alginate-calcium microspheres, TACMs) was prepared using electrostatic droplet techniques and a special method was developed for hemostatic embolization. 27580383 12 0 theme Fxr-target 1800:1809 arg1 Fgf15 1816:1820 Fxr-target gene Fgf15 1800:1820 Fxr-target gene Fgf15 1800:1820 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 10 1 theme sodium-treated 1499:1512 arg1 mice 1514:1517 dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1483:1517 dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1483:1517 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 6 2 theme BA 874:875 arg1 composition 877:887 Biliary and fecal BA composition 856:887 Biliary and fecal BA composition 856:887 Biliary and fecal BA composition was differentiated by HPLC-MS/MS. 27580383 12 3 theme Fxr-Fgf15 1754:1762 arg1 signaling 1764:1772 Fxr-Fgf15 signaling 1754:1772 Fxr-Fgf15 signaling 1754:1772 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 11 4 theme tauro-β-muricholic 1648:1665 arg1 acid 1667:1670 particular tauro-β-muricholic acid 1637:1670 particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice 1637:1683 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 8 5 contain had 1064:1066 arg1 mice 1046:1049 IL10 mice 1041:1049 IL10 mice with ileitis 1041:1062 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 8 5 contain had 1064:1066 arg2 trend 1070:1074 a trend 1068:1074 a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels 1068:1110 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 8 6 theme Asbt 1163:1166 arg1 expression 1149:1158 expression 1149:1158 expression of Asbt 1149:1166 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 8 6 theme Asbt 1163:1166 arg1 gene 1193:1196 a negative Fxr-target gene 1171:1196 a negative Fxr-target gene 1171:1196 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 10 7 theme Fibroblast 1387:1396 arg1 receptor 1412:1419 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1387:1419 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation 1387:1435 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 3 8 theme enterohepatic 519:531 arg1 regulation 533:542 the enterohepatic regulation 515:542 the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 515:623 To understand the molecular bases, we analyzed the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. 27580383 1 9 theme metabolism 253:262 arg1 regulation 264:273 bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation 238:273 bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation 238:273 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 11 10 theme distinct 1522:1529 arg1 profile 1540:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile 1520:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile 1520:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 2 11 theme growth 304:309 arg1 signaling 324:332 fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling 293:332 fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling 293:332 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 8 12 theme Fxr-target 1182:1191 arg1 expression 1149:1158 expression 1149:1158 expression of Asbt 1149:1166 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 8 12 theme Fxr-target 1182:1191 arg1 gene 1193:1196 a negative Fxr-target gene 1171:1196 a negative Fxr-target gene 1171:1196 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 13 13 theme BA 1904:1905 arg1 Abundance 1891:1899 Abundance 1891:1899 Abundance of BA such as T-β-MCA 1891:1921 Abundance of BA such as T-β-MCA may be important for intestinal Fxr activation in mice. 27580383 0 14 theme Intestinal 115:124 arg1 Inflammation 126:137 Murine Intestinal Inflammation 108:137 Murine Intestinal Inflammation 108:137 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 3 15 theme pathway 562:568 arg1 regulation 533:542 the enterohepatic regulation 515:542 the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 515:623 To understand the molecular bases, we analyzed the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. 27580383 5 16 theme Serum 813:817 arg1 levels 825:830 Serum Fgf15 levels 813:830 Serum Fgf15 levels 813:830 Serum Fgf15 levels were analyzed by ELISA. 27580383 3 17 theme disease 604:610 arg1 models 618:623 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 573:623 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 573:623 To understand the molecular bases, we analyzed the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. 27580383 7 18 theme serum 1014:1018 arg1 levels 1020:1025 higher Fgf15 serum levels 1001:1025 higher Fgf15 serum levels 1001:1025 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis showed higher Fgf15 serum levels. 27580383 1 19 theme gut-liver 203:211 arg1 crosstalk 213:221 the gut-liver crosstalk 199:221 the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation 199:273 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 3 20 theme inflammatory 585:596 arg1 disease 604:610 inflammatory bowel disease 585:610 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 573:623 To understand the molecular bases, we analyzed the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. 27580383 7 21 theme higher 1001:1006 arg1 levels 1020:1025 higher Fgf15 serum levels 1001:1025 higher Fgf15 serum levels 1001:1025 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis showed higher Fgf15 serum levels. 27580383 12 22 theme Ileum-sparing 1698:1710 arg1 colitis 1712:1718 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis 1686:1718 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis 1686:1718 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 7 23 with mice 962:965 arg1 colitis 986:992 ileum-sparing colitis 972:992 ileum-sparing colitis 972:992 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis showed higher Fgf15 serum levels. 27580383 4 24 theme western 724:730 arg1 blotting 732:739 western blotting 724:739 western blotting 724:739 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 9 25 theme histological 1236:1247 arg1 changes 1249:1255 no histological changes 1233:1255 no histological changes 1233:1255 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 1 26 theme BACKGROUND 140:149 arg1 FGF 177:179 FGF 177:179 FGF 177:179 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 1 26 theme BACKGROUND 140:149 arg1 factor 169:174 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 140:174 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 140:186 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 4 27 theme axis 690:693 arg1 genes 641:645 METHODS Target genes 626:645 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis 626:693 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 12 28 theme CONCLUSIONS 1686:1696 arg1 colitis 1712:1718 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis 1686:1718 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis 1686:1718 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 0 29 theme Bile 60:63 arg1 Composition 70:80 Bile Acid Composition 60:80 Bile Acid Composition 60:80 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 1 30 theme growth 162:167 arg1 FGF 177:179 FGF 177:179 FGF 177:179 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 1 30 theme growth 162:167 arg1 factor 169:174 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 140:174 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 140:186 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 9 31 theme higher 1262:1267 arg1 expression 1295:1304 higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression 1262:1304 higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression 1262:1304 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 7 32 theme sodium-treated 947:960 arg1 mice 962:965 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 923:965 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis 923:992 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis showed higher Fgf15 serum levels. 27580383 10 33 from levels 1473:1478 arg1 mice 1514:1517 dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1483:1517 dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1483:1517 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 0 34 from Alterations 0:10 arg1 Composition 70:80 Bile Acid Composition 60:80 Bile Acid Composition 60:80 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 0 34 from Alterations 0:10 arg1 Signaling 35:43 Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling 15:43 Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling 15:43 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 10 35 theme factor 1405:1410 arg1 receptor 1412:1419 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1387:1419 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation 1387:1435 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 11 36 located observed 1552:1559 arg2 profile 1540:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile 1520:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile 1520:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 11 36 located observed 1552:1559 arg1 models 1569:1574 both models 1564:1574 both models 1564:1574 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 7 37 theme Dextran 931:937 arg1 sulfate 939:945 RESULTS Dextran sulfate 923:945 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis 923:992 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis showed higher Fgf15 serum levels. 27580383 2 38 located observed 337:344 arg2 Dysregulation 276:288 Dysregulation 276:288 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling 276:332 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 2 38 located observed 337:344 arg1 disease 453:459 inflammatory bowel disease 434:459 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 434:465 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 2 38 located observed 337:344 arg1 diseases 417:424 gastrointestinal diseases 400:424 gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 400:465 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 2 38 located observed 337:344 arg1 conditions 372:381 different pathological conditions 349:381 different pathological conditions 349:381 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 4 39 theme sulfate 769:775 arg1 DSS 785:787 DSS 785:787 DSS 785:787 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 4 39 theme sulfate 769:775 arg1 sodium 777:782 dextran sulfate sodium 761:782 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 761:788 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 8 40 theme IL10 1041:1044 arg1 mice 1046:1049 IL10 mice 1041:1049 IL10 mice with ileitis 1041:1062 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 13 41 theme intestinal 1944:1953 arg1 activation 1959:1968 intestinal Fxr activation 1944:1968 intestinal Fxr activation in mice 1944:1976 Abundance of BA such as T-β-MCA may be important for intestinal Fxr activation in mice. 27580383 9 42 theme mRNA 1290:1293 arg1 expression 1295:1304 higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression 1262:1304 higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression 1262:1304 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 2 43 theme inflammatory 434:445 arg1 IBD 462:464 IBD 462:464 IBD 462:464 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 2 43 theme inflammatory 434:445 arg1 disease 453:459 inflammatory bowel disease 434:459 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 434:465 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 10 44 theme serum 1467:1471 arg1 levels 1473:1478 higher Fgf15 serum levels 1454:1478 higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1454:1517 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 0 45 theme Enterohepatic 15:27 arg1 Signaling 35:43 Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling 15:43 Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling 15:43 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 10 46 with line 1444:1447 arg1 levels 1473:1478 higher Fgf15 serum levels 1454:1478 higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1454:1517 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 11 47 from levels 1602:1607 arg1 acid 1667:1670 particular tauro-β-muricholic acid 1637:1670 particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice 1637:1683 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 10 48 theme higher 1454:1459 arg1 levels 1473:1478 higher Fgf15 serum levels 1454:1478 higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1454:1517 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 2 49 theme gastrointestinal 400:415 arg1 disease 453:459 inflammatory bowel disease 434:459 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 434:465 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 2 49 theme gastrointestinal 400:415 arg1 diseases 417:424 gastrointestinal diseases 400:424 gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 400:465 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 12 50 theme activation 1879:1888 arg1 signs 1860:1864 no signs 1857:1864 no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation 1857:1888 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 10 51 theme sulfate 1491:1497 arg1 mice 1514:1517 dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1483:1517 dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1483:1517 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 11 52 theme IL10 1675:1678 arg1 mice 1680:1683 IL10 mice 1675:1683 IL10 mice 1675:1683 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 4 53 theme mice 807:810 arg1 gut 744:746 gut 744:746 gut 744:746 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 4 53 theme mice 807:810 arg1 liver 752:756 liver 752:756 liver 752:756 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 8 54 theme decreased 1083:1091 arg1 levels 1105:1110 decreased Fgf15 serum levels 1083:1110 decreased Fgf15 serum levels 1083:1110 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 12 55 theme ileal 1831:1835 arg1 inflammation 1837:1848 ileal inflammation 1831:1848 ileal inflammation 1831:1848 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 11 56 theme BA 1537:1538 arg1 profile 1540:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile 1520:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile 1520:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 2 57 theme signaling 324:332 arg1 Dysregulation 276:288 Dysregulation 276:288 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling 276:332 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 9 58 theme P450 1347:1350 arg1 expression 1361:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 8 59 theme serum 1099:1103 arg1 levels 1105:1110 decreased Fgf15 serum levels 1083:1110 decreased Fgf15 serum levels 1083:1110 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 12 60 with activation 1740:1749 arg1 expression 1786:1795 higher expression 1779:1795 higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15 1779:1820 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 11 61 theme higher 1595:1600 arg1 levels 1602:1607 significantly higher levels 1581:1607 significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice 1581:1683 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 9 62 theme mRNA 1356:1359 arg1 expression 1361:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 12 63 theme gene 1811:1814 arg1 Fgf15 1816:1820 Fxr-target gene Fgf15 1800:1820 Fxr-target gene Fgf15 1800:1820 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 11 64 theme BA 1631:1632 arg1 levels 1602:1607 significantly higher levels 1581:1607 significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice 1581:1683 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 2 65 theme different 349:357 arg1 conditions 372:381 different pathological conditions 349:381 different pathological conditions 349:381 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 1 66 theme acid 243:246 arg1 regulation 264:273 bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation 238:273 bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation 238:273 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 12 67 theme signaling 1764:1772 arg1 activation 1740:1749 activation 1740:1749 activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15 1740:1820 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 6 68 theme fecal 868:872 arg1 composition 877:887 Biliary and fecal BA composition 856:887 Biliary and fecal BA composition 856:887 Biliary and fecal BA composition was differentiated by HPLC-MS/MS. 27580383 12 69 theme higher 1779:1784 arg1 expression 1786:1795 higher expression 1779:1795 higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15 1779:1820 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 13 70 from activation 1959:1968 arg1 mice 1973:1976 mice 1973:1976 mice 1973:1976 Abundance of BA such as T-β-MCA may be important for intestinal Fxr activation in mice. 27580383 6 71 theme Biliary 856:862 arg1 composition 877:887 Biliary and fecal BA composition 856:887 Biliary and fecal BA composition 856:887 Biliary and fecal BA composition was differentiated by HPLC-MS/MS. 27580383 4 72 theme BA-farnesoid-X-receptor 654:676 arg1 axis 690:693 the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis 650:693 the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis 650:693 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 11 73 theme particular 1637:1646 arg1 acid 1667:1670 particular tauro-β-muricholic acid 1637:1670 particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice 1637:1683 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 2 74 theme factor 311:316 arg1 signaling 324:332 fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling 293:332 fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling 293:332 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 4 75 theme Fxr 679:681 arg1 axis 690:693 the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis 650:693 the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis 650:693 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 1 76 theme crosstalk 213:221 arg1 part 191:194 part 191:194 part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation 191:273 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 0 77 theme Inflammation 126:137 arg1 Localization 92:103 Localization 92:103 Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation 92:137 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 9 78 theme hepatic 1202:1208 arg1 tissue 1210:1215 hepatic tissue 1202:1215 hepatic tissue of both models 1202:1230 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 2 79 theme fibroblast 293:302 arg1 signaling 324:332 fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling 293:332 fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling 293:332 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 8 80 theme negative 1173:1180 arg1 expression 1149:1158 expression 1149:1158 expression of Asbt 1149:1166 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 8 80 theme negative 1173:1180 arg1 gene 1193:1196 a negative Fxr-target gene 1171:1196 a negative Fxr-target gene 1171:1196 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 8 81 with mice 1046:1049 arg1 ileitis 1056:1062 ileitis 1056:1062 ileitis 1056:1062 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 4 82 theme Target 634:639 arg1 genes 641:645 METHODS Target genes 626:645 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis 626:693 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 13 83 theme Fxr 1955:1957 arg1 activation 1959:1968 intestinal Fxr activation 1944:1968 intestinal Fxr activation in mice 1944:1976 Abundance of BA such as T-β-MCA may be important for intestinal Fxr activation in mice. 27580383 3 84 theme bowel 598:602 arg1 disease 604:610 inflammatory bowel disease 585:610 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 573:623 To understand the molecular bases, we analyzed the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. 27580383 5 85 theme Fgf15 819:823 arg1 levels 825:830 Serum Fgf15 levels 813:830 Serum Fgf15 levels 813:830 Serum Fgf15 levels were analyzed by ELISA. 27580383 9 86 theme models 1225:1230 arg1 tissue 1210:1215 hepatic tissue 1202:1215 hepatic tissue of both models 1202:1230 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 3 87 theme different 575:583 arg1 models 618:623 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 573:623 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 573:623 To understand the molecular bases, we analyzed the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. 27580383 11 88 theme fecal 1531:1535 arg1 profile 1540:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile 1520:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile 1520:1546 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 7 89 theme Fgf15 1008:1012 arg1 levels 1020:1025 higher Fgf15 serum levels 1001:1025 higher Fgf15 serum levels 1001:1025 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis showed higher Fgf15 serum levels. 27580383 3 90 theme Fgf15-mediated 547:560 arg1 pathway 562:568 Fgf15-mediated pathway 547:568 Fgf15-mediated pathway 547:568 To understand the molecular bases, we analyzed the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. 27580383 0 91 theme Acid 65:68 arg1 Composition 70:80 Bile Acid Composition 60:80 Bile Acid Composition 60:80 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 3 92 theme mouse 612:616 arg1 models 618:623 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 573:623 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 573:623 To understand the molecular bases, we analyzed the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. 27580383 1 93 theme Fibroblast 151:160 arg1 FGF 177:179 FGF 177:179 FGF 177:179 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 1 93 theme Fibroblast 151:160 arg1 factor 169:174 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 140:174 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 140:186 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 4 94 theme -Ffg15 683:688 arg1 axis 690:693 the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis 650:693 the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis 650:693 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 7 95 theme ileum-sparing 972:984 arg1 colitis 986:992 ileum-sparing colitis 972:992 ileum-sparing colitis 972:992 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis showed higher Fgf15 serum levels. 27580383 1 96 theme factor 169:174 arg1 15/19 182:186 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 140:186 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 140:186 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 10 97 theme receptor 1412:1419 arg1 up-regulation 1423:1435 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation 1387:1435 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation 1387:1435 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 3 98 from regulation 533:542 arg1 models 618:623 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 573:623 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models 573:623 To understand the molecular bases, we analyzed the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. 27580383 9 99 theme interleukin 1269:1279 arg1 expression 1295:1304 higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression 1262:1304 higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression 1262:1304 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 10 100 theme growth 1398:1403 arg1 receptor 1412:1419 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1387:1419 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation 1387:1435 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 0 101 theme Murine 108:113 arg1 Inflammation 126:137 Murine Intestinal Inflammation 108:137 Murine Intestinal Inflammation 108:137 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 7 102 theme sulfate 939:945 arg1 mice 962:965 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 923:965 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis 923:992 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis showed higher Fgf15 serum levels. 27580383 9 103 located observed 1377:1384 arg2 changes 1249:1255 no histological changes 1233:1255 no histological changes 1233:1255 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 9 103 located observed 1377:1384 arg1 tissue 1210:1215 hepatic tissue 1202:1215 hepatic tissue of both models 1202:1230 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 9 103 located observed 1377:1384 arg2 expression 1361:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 9 103 located observed 1377:1384 arg2 expression 1295:1304 higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression 1262:1304 higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression 1262:1304 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 4 104 theme dextran 761:767 arg1 DSS 785:787 DSS 785:787 DSS 785:787 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 4 104 theme dextran 761:767 arg1 sodium 777:782 dextran sulfate sodium 761:782 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 761:788 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 7 105 theme RESULTS 923:929 arg1 sulfate 939:945 RESULTS Dextran sulfate 923:945 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis 923:992 RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with ileum-sparing colitis showed higher Fgf15 serum levels. 27580383 0 106 from Changes 49:55 arg1 Composition 70:80 Bile Acid Composition 60:80 Bile Acid Composition 60:80 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 0 106 from Changes 49:55 arg1 Signaling 35:43 Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling 15:43 Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling 15:43 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 2 107 theme bowel 447:451 arg1 IBD 462:464 IBD 462:464 IBD 462:464 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 2 107 theme bowel 447:451 arg1 disease 453:459 inflammatory bowel disease 434:459 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 434:465 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 0 108 theme Fgf15 29:33 arg1 Signaling 35:43 Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling 15:43 Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling 15:43 Alterations in Enterohepatic Fgf15 Signaling and Changes in Bile Acid Composition Depend on Localization of Murine Intestinal Inflammation. 27580383 12 109 theme Fxr-Fgf15 1869:1877 arg1 activation 1879:1888 Fxr-Fgf15 activation 1869:1888 Fxr-Fgf15 activation 1869:1888 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 11 110 from acid 1667:1670 arg1 mice 1680:1683 IL10 mice 1675:1683 IL10 mice 1675:1683 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 11 110 from acid 1667:1670 arg1 levels 1602:1607 significantly higher levels 1581:1607 significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice 1581:1683 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 10 111 theme Fgf15 1461:1465 arg1 levels 1473:1478 higher Fgf15 serum levels 1454:1478 higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1454:1517 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 4 112 theme -treated 789:796 arg1 mice 807:810 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice 761:810 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice 761:810 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 9 113 theme Fxr 1329:1331 arg1 expression 1361:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 9 113 theme Fxr 1329:1331 arg1 expression 1295:1304 higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression 1262:1304 higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression 1262:1304 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 9 113 theme Fxr 1329:1331 arg1 down-regulation 1310:1324 down-regulation 1310:1324 down-regulation 1310:1324 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 9 113 theme Fxr 1329:1331 arg1 changes 1249:1255 no histological changes 1233:1255 no histological changes 1233:1255 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 8 114 theme Fgf15 1093:1097 arg1 levels 1105:1110 decreased Fgf15 serum levels 1083:1110 decreased Fgf15 serum levels 1083:1110 In contrast, IL10 mice with ileitis had a trend toward decreased Fgf15 serum levels compared with controls and increased expression of Asbt as a negative Fxr-target gene. 27580383 12 115 theme Fgf15 1816:1820 arg1 expression 1786:1795 higher expression 1779:1795 higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15 1779:1820 CONCLUSIONS Ileum-sparing colitis is characterized by activation of Fxr-Fgf15 signaling with higher expression of Fxr-target gene Fgf15, whereas ileal inflammation showed no signs of Fxr-Fgf15 activation. 27580383 11 116 from BA 1631:1632 arg1 acid 1667:1670 particular tauro-β-muricholic acid 1637:1670 particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice 1637:1683 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 10 117 theme dextran 1483:1489 arg1 sulfate 1491:1497 dextran sulfate 1483:1497 dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice 1483:1517 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 up-regulation was in line with higher Fgf15 serum levels in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. 27580383 4 118 theme IL10 802:805 arg1 mice 807:810 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice 761:810 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice 761:810 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 3 119 theme molecular 486:494 arg1 bases 496:500 the molecular bases 482:500 the molecular bases 482:500 To understand the molecular bases, we analyzed the enterohepatic regulation of Fgf15-mediated pathway in 2 different inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. 27580383 9 120 theme Cytochrom 1337:1345 arg1 expression 1361:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 2 121 theme 15/19 318:322 arg1 signaling 324:332 fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling 293:332 fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling 293:332 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 9 122 theme 7a1 1352:1354 arg1 expression 1361:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression 1337:1370 In hepatic tissue of both models, no histological changes, but higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and down-regulation of Fxr and Cytochrom P450 7a1 mRNA expression were observed. 27580383 4 123 theme METHODS 626:632 arg1 genes 641:645 METHODS Target genes 626:645 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis 626:693 METHODS Target genes of the BA-farnesoid-X-receptor (Fxr)-Ffg15 axis were quantified by RT-PCR or western blotting in gut and liver of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated and IL10 mice. 27580383 11 124 theme taurine-conjugated 1612:1629 arg1 BA 1631:1632 taurine-conjugated BA 1612:1632 taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice 1612:1683 A distinct fecal BA profile was observed in both models with significantly higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA in particular tauro-β-muricholic acid in IL10 mice. 27580383 2 125 theme pathological 359:370 arg1 conditions 372:381 different pathological conditions 349:381 different pathological conditions 349:381 Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 signaling is observed in different pathological conditions, for example, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27580383 1 126 theme bile 238:241 arg1 BA 249:250 BA 249:250 BA 249:250 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27580383 1 126 theme bile 238:241 arg1 acid 243:246 bile acid 238:246 bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation 238:273 BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 is part of the gut-liver crosstalk accounting for bile acid (BA) metabolism regulation. 27126122 2 0 theme novel 112:116 arg1 actinomycete 129:140 A novel endophytic actinomycete 110:140 A novel endophytic actinomycete 110:140 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 12 1 dep data 1613:1616 arg1 the 1569:1571 the 1569:1571 the 1569:1571 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp. 27126122 12 1 dep data 1613:1616 arg1 basis 1573:1577 basis 1573:1577 basis 1573:1577 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp. 27126122 4 2 theme whole-cell 484:493 arg1 sugars 495:500 The whole-cell sugars 480:500 The whole-cell sugars 480:500 The whole-cell sugars included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose, galactose and xylose. 27126122 7 3 theme fatty 851:855 arg1 anteiso-C17  868:879 anteiso-C17  868:879 anteiso-C17  868:879 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27126122 7 3 theme fatty 851:855 arg1 acids 857:861 The predominant cellular fatty acids 826:861 The predominant cellular fatty acids 826:861 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27126122 3 4 from acid 410:413 arg1 peptidoglycan 465:477 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 451:477 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 451:477 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 14 5 theme type 1730:1733 arg1 strain 1735:1740 The type strain 1726:1740 The type strain 1726:1740 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27126122 14 5 theme type 1730:1733 arg1 KK1-3T 1752:1757 strain KK1-3T 1745:1757 strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T) 1745:1785 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27126122 11 6 theme DNA-DNA 1393:1399 arg1 hybridization 1401:1413 The DNA-DNA hybridization result and some physiological and biochemical properties 1389:1470 hybridization 1401:1413 The DNA-DNA hybridization result and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that KK1-3T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27126122 10 7 dep Phytohabitans 1246:1258 arg1 suffuscus 1260:1268 Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %) 1246:1287 Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %) 1246:1287 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 10 7 dep Phytohabitans 1246:1258 arg1 K07-0523T 1270:1278 K07-0523T 1270:1278 Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %) 1246:1287 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 10 7 dep Phytohabitans 1246:1258 arg1 % 1286:1286 98.9 % 1281:1286 98.9 % 1281:1286 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 1 8 theme larsenii 100:107 arg1 leaf 81:84 the leaf 77:84 the leaf of Kaempferia larsenii 77:107 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the leaf of Kaempferia larsenii. 27126122 9 9 theme Phylogenetic 949:960 arg1 analysis 962:969 Phylogenetic analysis 949:969 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences 949:999 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KK1-3T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Phytohabitans. 27126122 2 10 theme strain 154:159 arg1 KK1-3T 161:166 strain KK1-3T 154:166 strain KK1-3T 154:166 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 11 11 theme closest 1534:1540 arg1 relatives 1555:1563 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1530:1563 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1530:1563 The DNA-DNA hybridization result and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that KK1-3T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27126122 8 12 theme DNA 932:934 arg1 % 946:946 71 mol% 940:946 71 mol% 940:946 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27126122 8 12 theme DNA 932:934 arg1 content 909:915 The G+C content 901:915 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 901:934 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27126122 12 13 theme kaempferiae 1692:1702 arg1 sp 1704:1705 the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp 1669:1705 the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp 1669:1705 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp. 27126122 11 14 theme phylogenetic 1542:1553 arg1 relatives 1555:1563 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1530:1563 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1530:1563 The DNA-DNA hybridization result and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that KK1-3T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27126122 9 15 theme genus 1082:1086 arg1 Phytohabitans 1088:1100 the genus Phytohabitans 1078:1100 the genus Phytohabitans 1078:1100 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KK1-3T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Phytohabitans. 27126122 10 16 theme similarity 1107:1116 arg1 values 1118:1123 The similarity values 1103:1123 The similarity values of sequences between this strain 1103:1156 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 9 17 theme Phytohabitans 1088:1100 arg1 member 1068:1073 a member 1066:1073 a member of the genus Phytohabitans 1066:1100 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KK1-3T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Phytohabitans. 27126122 11 18 theme physiological 1431:1443 arg1 properties 1461:1470 some physiological and biochemical properties 1426:1470 some physiological and biochemical properties 1426:1470 The DNA-DNA hybridization result and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that KK1-3T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27126122 0 19 theme kaempferiae 14:24 arg1 sp 26:27 kaempferiae sp 14:27 kaempferiae sp 14:27 Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp. 27126122 10 20 theme sequences 1128:1136 arg1 values 1118:1123 The similarity values 1103:1123 The similarity values of sequences between this strain 1103:1156 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 5 21 theme characteristic 573:586 arg1 phospholipids 588:600 The characteristic phospholipids 569:600 The characteristic phospholipids 569:600 The characteristic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphoglycolipids. 27126122 5 21 theme characteristic 573:586 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 607:630 phosphatidylethanolamine 607:630 phosphatidylethanolamine 607:630 The characteristic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphoglycolipids. 27126122 8 22 theme G+C 905:907 arg1 % 946:946 71 mol% 940:946 71 mol% 940:946 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27126122 8 22 theme G+C 905:907 arg1 content 909:915 The G+C content 901:915 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 901:934 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27126122 3 23 theme hydroxyl 419:426 arg1 acid 443:446 hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid 419:446 hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid 419:446 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 3 23 theme hydroxyl 419:426 arg1 l-lysine 380:387 l-lysine 380:387 l-lysine 380:387 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 9 24 theme rRNA 981:984 arg1 sequences 991:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KK1-3T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Phytohabitans. 27126122 1 25 attach isolated 63:70 arg2 actinomycete 50:61 an endophytic actinomycete 36:61 an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the leaf of Kaempferia larsenii 36:107 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the leaf of Kaempferia larsenii. 27126122 1 25 attach isolated 63:70 arg1 leaf 81:84 the leaf 77:84 the leaf of Kaempferia larsenii 77:107 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the leaf of Kaempferia larsenii. 27126122 2 26 theme larsenii 292:299 arg1 leaf 301:304 surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf 262:304 surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand 262:355 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 3 27 theme diaminopimelic 428:441 arg1 acid 443:446 hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid 419:446 hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid 419:446 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 3 27 theme diaminopimelic 428:441 arg1 l-lysine 380:387 l-lysine 380:387 l-lysine 380:387 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 9 28 theme gene 986:989 arg1 sequences 991:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KK1-3T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Phytohabitans. 27126122 3 29 contain contained 370:378 arg2 acid 410:413 meso-diaminopimelic acid 390:413 meso-diaminopimelic acid 390:413 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 3 29 contain contained 370:378 arg2 l-lysine 380:387 l-lysine 380:387 l-lysine 380:387 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 3 29 contain contained 370:378 arg1 isolate 362:368 The isolate 358:368 The isolate 358:368 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 3 29 contain contained 370:378 arg2 acid 443:446 hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid 419:446 hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid 419:446 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 2 30 theme Kaempferia 281:290 arg1 leaf 301:304 surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf 262:304 surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand 262:355 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 7 31 theme predominant 830:840 arg1 anteiso-C17  868:879 anteiso-C17  868:879 anteiso-C17  868:879 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27126122 7 31 theme predominant 830:840 arg1 acids 857:861 The predominant cellular fatty acids 826:861 The predominant cellular fatty acids 826:861 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27126122 2 32 theme surface-sterilized 262:279 arg1 leaf 301:304 surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf 262:304 surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand 262:355 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 6 33 theme predominant 760:770 arg1 menaquinones 772:783 The predominant menaquinones 756:783 The predominant menaquinones 756:783 The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H8), MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H4). 27126122 6 33 theme predominant 760:770 arg1 MK-10 790:794 MK-10 790:794 MK-10 790:794 The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H8), MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H4). 27126122 11 34 theme biochemical 1449:1459 arg1 properties 1461:1470 some physiological and biochemical properties 1426:1470 some physiological and biochemical properties 1426:1470 The DNA-DNA hybridization result and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that KK1-3T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27126122 7 35 theme cellular 842:849 arg1 anteiso-C17  868:879 anteiso-C17  868:879 anteiso-C17  868:879 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27126122 7 35 theme cellular 842:849 arg1 acids 857:861 The predominant cellular fatty acids 826:861 The predominant cellular fatty acids 826:861 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27126122 8 36 theme genomic 924:930 arg1 DNA 932:934 the genomic DNA 920:934 the genomic DNA 920:934 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27126122 14 37 theme strain 1745:1750 arg1 strain 1735:1740 The type strain 1726:1740 The type strain 1726:1740 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27126122 14 37 theme strain 1745:1750 arg1 KK1-3T 1752:1757 strain KK1-3T 1745:1757 strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T) 1745:1785 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27126122 14 37 theme strain 1745:1750 arg1 110005T 1778:1784 =BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T 1760:1784 =BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T 1760:1784 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27126122 2 38 attach isolated 248:255 arg2 actinomycete 129:140 A novel endophytic actinomycete 110:140 A novel endophytic actinomycete 110:140 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 2 38 attach isolated 248:255 arg1 leaf 301:304 surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf 262:304 surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand 262:355 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 2 39 theme spores 215:220 arg1 spores 189:194 single spores 182:194 single spores 182:194 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 2 39 theme spores 215:220 arg1 chains 205:210 long chains 200:210 long chains 200:210 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 3 40 theme cell-wall 455:463 arg1 peptidoglycan 465:477 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 451:477 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 451:477 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 9 41 theme strain 1015:1020 arg1 KK1-3T 1022:1027 strain KK1-3T 1015:1027 strain KK1-3T 1015:1027 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KK1-3T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Phytohabitans. 27126122 12 42 theme phenotypic 1588:1597 arg1 data 1613:1616 these phenotypic and genotypic data 1582:1616 these phenotypic and genotypic data 1582:1616 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp. 27126122 10 43 dep Phytohabitans 1290:1302 arg1 flavus 1304:1309 Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) 1290:1328 Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) 1290:1328 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 10 43 dep Phytohabitans 1290:1302 arg1 K09-0627T 1311:1319 K09-0627T 1311:1319 K09-0627T 1311:1319 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 10 43 dep Phytohabitans 1290:1302 arg1 % 1327:1327 98.6 % 1322:1327 98.6 % 1322:1327 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 3 44 theme meso-diaminopimelic 390:408 arg1 l-lysine 380:387 l-lysine 380:387 l-lysine 380:387 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 3 44 theme meso-diaminopimelic 390:408 arg1 acid 410:413 meso-diaminopimelic acid 390:413 meso-diaminopimelic acid 390:413 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 12 45 theme genotypic 1603:1611 arg1 data 1613:1616 these phenotypic and genotypic data 1582:1616 these phenotypic and genotypic data 1582:1616 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp. 27126122 2 46 theme long 200:203 arg1 chains 205:210 long chains 200:210 long chains 200:210 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 12 47 theme name 1673:1676 arg1 sp 1704:1705 the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp 1669:1705 the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp 1669:1705 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp. 27126122 14 48 theme =BCC 1760:1763 arg1 110005T 1778:1784 =BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T 1760:1784 =BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T 1760:1784 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27126122 14 48 theme =BCC 1760:1763 arg1 KK1-3T 1752:1757 strain KK1-3T 1745:1757 strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T) 1745:1785 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27126122 14 49 theme 66360T 1765:1770 arg1 110005T 1778:1784 =BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T 1760:1784 =BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T 1760:1784 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27126122 14 49 theme 66360T 1765:1770 arg1 KK1-3T 1752:1757 strain KK1-3T 1745:1757 strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T) 1745:1785 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27126122 8 50 theme mol 943:945 arg1 content 909:915 The G+C content 901:915 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 901:934 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27126122 8 50 theme mol 943:945 arg1 % 946:946 71 mol% 940:946 71 mol% 940:946 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. 27126122 1 51 dep actinomycete 50:61 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the leaf of Kaempferia larsenii. 27126122 1 52 theme Kaempferia 89:98 arg1 larsenii 100:107 Kaempferia larsenii 89:107 Kaempferia larsenii 89:107 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the leaf of Kaempferia larsenii. 27126122 11 53 dep hybridization 1401:1413 arg1 result 1415:1420 result 1415:1420 result 1415:1420 The DNA-DNA hybridization result and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that KK1-3T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 27126122 0 54 dep sp 26:27 arg1 Phytohabitans 0:12 Phytohabitans 0:12 Phytohabitans 0:12 Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp. 27126122 12 55 theme novel 1644:1648 arg1 species 1650:1656 a novel species 1642:1656 a novel species 1642:1656 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp. 27126122 2 56 theme single 182:187 arg1 spores 189:194 single spores 182:194 single spores 182:194 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 7 57 dep anteiso-C17  868:879 arg1 iso-C16  888:895 iso-C16  888:895 iso-C16  888:895 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27126122 7 57 dep anteiso-C17  868:879 arg1  0 881:882  0 881:882  0 881:882 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27126122 7 57 dep anteiso-C17  868:879 arg1  0 897:898  0 897:898 anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 868:898 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27126122 10 58 theme related 1183:1189 arg1 species 1191:1197 the closely related species 1171:1197 the closely related species 1171:1197 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 10 58 theme related 1183:1189 arg1 Phytohabitans 1334:1346 Phytohabitans 1334:1346 Phytohabitans 1334:1346 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 10 58 theme related 1183:1189 arg1 K11-0057T 1226:1234 K11-0057T 1226:1234 K11-0057T 1226:1234 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 10 58 theme related 1183:1189 arg1 Phytohabitans 1246:1258 Phytohabitans 1246:1258 Phytohabitans 1246:1258 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 10 58 theme related 1183:1189 arg1 % 1371:1371 98.1 % 1366:1371 98.1 % 1366:1371 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 10 58 theme related 1183:1189 arg1 Phytohabitans 1290:1302 Phytohabitans 1290:1302 Phytohabitans 1290:1302 The similarity values of sequences between this strain and those of the closely related species, Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (99.0 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (98.9 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.6 %) and Phytohabitans rumicisK11-0047T (98.1 %) were observed. 27126122 2 59 theme endophytic 118:127 arg1 actinomycete 129:140 A novel endophytic actinomycete 110:140 A novel endophytic actinomycete 110:140 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KK1-3T, which formed single spores and long chains of spores (more than 10 spores) was isolated from surface-sterilized Kaempferia larsenii leaf collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. 27126122 1 60 theme endophytic 39:48 arg1 actinomycete 50:61 an endophytic actinomycete 36:61 an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the leaf of Kaempferia larsenii 36:107 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the leaf of Kaempferia larsenii. 27126122 3 61 from acid 443:446 arg1 peptidoglycan 465:477 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 451:477 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 451:477 The isolate contained l-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid and hydroxyl diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27126122 9 62 theme 16S 977:979 arg1 sequences 991:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KK1-3T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Phytohabitans. 27126122 12 63 theme Phytohabitans 1678:1690 arg1 sp 1704:1705 the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp 1669:1705 the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp 1669:1705 On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Phytohabitans kaempferiae sp. 27126122 14 64 theme =NBRC 1772:1776 arg1 110005T 1778:1784 =BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T 1760:1784 =BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T 1760:1784 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27126122 14 64 theme =NBRC 1772:1776 arg1 KK1-3T 1752:1757 strain KK1-3T 1745:1757 strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T) 1745:1785 The type strain is strain KK1-3T (=BCC 66360T =NBRC 110005T). 27012732 5 0 theme MNPs 739:742 arg1 composition 715:725 the composition 711:725 the composition of modified MNPs 711:742 By energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), it was revealed that Fe3O4 constitutes 14.34% of the composition of modified MNPs. 27012732 10 1 with nanomedicine 1474:1485 arg1 effects 1538:1544 simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1492:1544 simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1492:1544 Based upon these findings, we suggest the Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs as an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects. 27012732 3 2 theme sustained 470:478 arg1 release 480:486 sustained release 470:486 sustained release 470:486 According to these advantages, in this study, we synthesized the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine. 27012732 9 3 theme TMX 1272:1274 arg1 release 1286:1292 TMX sustained release 1272:1292 TMX sustained release 1272:1292 According to effect of CD on TMX sustained release, it was found that CD can decrease the hepatotoxicity induced by TMX nearly 30%. 27012732 7 4 theme loading 963:969 arg1 efficiency 971:980 loading efficiency 963:980 loading efficiency of 87.5% 963:989 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 1 5 theme host 155:158 arg1 sites 160:164 host sites 155:164 host sites 155:164 Hydrophobic drugs can absorb as guest molecules inside the cavity of cyclodextrins as host sites. 27012732 1 5 theme host 155:158 arg1 cavity 128:133 the cavity 124:133 the cavity of cyclodextrins 124:150 Hydrophobic drugs can absorb as guest molecules inside the cavity of cyclodextrins as host sites. 27012732 4 6 theme average 549:555 arg1 size 557:560 The average size 545:560 The average size of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs 545:588 The average size of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs was approximately 31 nm. 27012732 4 6 theme average 549:555 arg1 31 nm 608:612 31 nm 608:612 31 nm 608:612 The average size of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs was approximately 31 nm. 27012732 7 7 theme % 989:989 arg1 mg 955:956 mg 955:956 mg 955:956 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 7 7 theme % 989:989 arg1 CD 951:952 unit CD 946:952 unit CD (mg) 946:957 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 7 7 theme % 989:989 arg1 efficiency 971:980 loading efficiency 963:980 loading efficiency of 87.5% 963:989 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 8 8 theme MCF-7 1216:1220 arg1 cells 1236:1240 the MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1212:1240 the MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1212:1240 Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 27012732 3 9 theme nanomedicine 531:542 arg1 cytotoxicity 453:464 cytotoxicity 453:464 cytotoxicity 453:464 According to these advantages, in this study, we synthesized the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine. 27012732 3 9 theme nanomedicine 531:542 arg1 release 480:486 sustained release 470:486 sustained release 470:486 According to these advantages, in this study, we synthesized the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine. 27012732 3 9 theme nanomedicine 531:542 arg1 effect 516:521 hepatoprotective effect 499:521 the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine 449:542 According to these advantages, in this study, we synthesized the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine. 27012732 4 10 theme Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX 565:584 arg1 NPs 586:588 Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs 565:588 Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs 565:588 The average size of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs was approximately 31 nm. 27012732 6 11 theme polyethylene 828:839 arg1 PEG 849:851 PEG 849:851 PEG 849:851 In the other words, nearly 85% of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs are made of dopamine (DPA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 27012732 6 11 theme polyethylene 828:839 arg1 glycol 841:846 polyethylene glycol 828:846 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 828:852 In the other words, nearly 85% of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs are made of dopamine (DPA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 27012732 9 12 dep TMX 1359:1361 arg1 % 1372:1372 % 1372:1372 % 1372:1372 According to effect of CD on TMX sustained release, it was found that CD can decrease the hepatotoxicity induced by TMX nearly 30%. 27012732 10 13 theme multifunctional 1458:1472 arg1 nanomedicine 1474:1485 an effective multifunctional nanomedicine 1445:1485 an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1445:1544 Based upon these findings, we suggest the Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs as an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects. 27012732 3 14 dep -conjugated 405:415 arg1 loaded 381:386 loaded 381:386 loaded 381:386 According to these advantages, in this study, we synthesized the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine. 27012732 1 15 theme Hydrophobic 69:79 arg1 drugs 81:85 Hydrophobic drugs 69:85 Hydrophobic drugs 69:85 Hydrophobic drugs can absorb as guest molecules inside the cavity of cyclodextrins as host sites. 27012732 10 16 theme therapeutic 1505:1515 arg1 effects 1538:1544 simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1492:1544 simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1492:1544 Based upon these findings, we suggest the Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs as an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects. 27012732 10 17 theme hepatoprotective 1521:1536 arg1 effects 1538:1544 simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1492:1544 simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1492:1544 Based upon these findings, we suggest the Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs as an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects. 27012732 5 18 theme composition 715:725 arg1 % 706:706 14.34% 701:706 14.34% of the composition of modified MNPs 701:742 By energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), it was revealed that Fe3O4 constitutes 14.34% of the composition of modified MNPs. 27012732 5 18 theme composition 715:725 arg1 composition 715:725 the composition 711:725 the composition of modified MNPs 711:742 By energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), it was revealed that Fe3O4 constitutes 14.34% of the composition of modified MNPs. 27012732 8 19 theme Cytotoxicity 1066:1077 arg1 assay 1079:1083 Cytotoxicity assay 1066:1083 Cytotoxicity assay 1066:1083 Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 27012732 3 20 theme hepatoprotective 499:514 arg1 effect 516:521 hepatoprotective effect 499:521 the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine 449:542 According to these advantages, in this study, we synthesized the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine. 27012732 8 21 theme apoptosis 1089:1097 arg1 assay 1099:1103 apoptosis assay 1089:1103 apoptosis assay 1089:1103 Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 27012732 7 22 theme 91 1043:1044 arg1 % 1045:1045 % 1045:1045 % 1045:1045 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 5 23 theme energy-dispersive 618:634 arg1 EDS 656:658 EDS 656:658 EDS 656:658 By energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), it was revealed that Fe3O4 constitutes 14.34% of the composition of modified MNPs. 27012732 5 23 theme energy-dispersive 618:634 arg1 spectroscopy 642:653 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 618:653 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) 618:659 By energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), it was revealed that Fe3O4 constitutes 14.34% of the composition of modified MNPs. 27012732 6 24 theme other 752:756 arg1 words 758:762 the other words 748:762 the other words 748:762 In the other words, nearly 85% of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs are made of dopamine (DPA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 27012732 9 25 dep % 1372:1372 arg1 30 1370:1371 30 1370:1371 30 1370:1371 According to effect of CD on TMX sustained release, it was found that CD can decrease the hepatotoxicity induced by TMX nearly 30%. 27012732 8 26 theme TUNEL 1108:1112 arg1 analysis 1114:1121 TUNEL analysis 1108:1121 TUNEL analysis 1108:1121 Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 27012732 7 27 theme % 1045:1045 arg1 release 1047:1053 91% release 1043:1053 91% release in 120 h 1043:1062 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 3 28 dep loaded 381:386 arg1 TMX 376:378 TMX 376:378 TMX 376:378 According to these advantages, in this study, we synthesized the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine. 27012732 3 28 dep loaded 381:386 arg1 tamoxifen 365:373 tamoxifen 365:373 tamoxifen (TMX) 365:379 According to these advantages, in this study, we synthesized the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine. 27012732 8 29 theme cancer 1229:1234 arg1 cells 1236:1240 the MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1212:1240 the MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1212:1240 Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 27012732 7 30 theme sustained 999:1007 arg1 liberation 1009:1018 sustained liberation 999:1018 sustained liberation of TMX molecules 999:1035 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 0 31 theme system 25:30 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of host-guest system 0:30 Evaluation of host-guest system to enhance the tamoxifen efficiency. 27012732 10 32 dep suggest 1405:1411 arg1 NPs 1438:1440 NPs 1438:1440 suggest the Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs as an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1405:1544 Based upon these findings, we suggest the Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs as an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects. 27012732 2 33 theme drugs 293:297 arg1 properties 275:284 the physicochemical and biological properties 240:284 the physicochemical and biological properties of the drugs 240:297 So, forming the drug-cyclodextrin complex can exert a profound effect on the physicochemical and biological properties of the drugs. 27012732 0 34 theme host-guest 14:23 arg1 system 25:30 host-guest system 14:30 host-guest system 14:30 Evaluation of host-guest system to enhance the tamoxifen efficiency. 27012732 2 35 theme biological 264:273 arg1 properties 275:284 the physicochemical and biological properties 240:284 the physicochemical and biological properties of the drugs 240:297 So, forming the drug-cyclodextrin complex can exert a profound effect on the physicochemical and biological properties of the drugs. 27012732 7 36 from release 1047:1053 arg1 120 h 1058:1062 120 h 1058:1062 120 h 1058:1062 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 1 37 theme guest 101:105 arg1 molecules 107:115 guest molecules 101:115 guest molecules 101:115 Hydrophobic drugs can absorb as guest molecules inside the cavity of cyclodextrins as host sites. 27012732 7 38 theme TMX 1023:1025 arg1 molecules 1027:1035 TMX molecules 1023:1035 TMX molecules 1023:1035 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 8 39 theme engineered 1141:1150 arg1 NPs 1173:1175 the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs 1137:1175 the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs 1137:1175 Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 27012732 8 39 theme engineered 1141:1150 arg1 able 1182:1185 able 1182:1185 able 1182:1185 Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 27012732 2 40 theme profound 221:228 arg1 effect 230:235 a profound effect 219:235 a profound effect 219:235 So, forming the drug-cyclodextrin complex can exert a profound effect on the physicochemical and biological properties of the drugs. 27012732 10 41 theme simultaneous 1492:1503 arg1 effects 1538:1544 simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1492:1544 simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1492:1544 Based upon these findings, we suggest the Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs as an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects. 27012732 3 42 theme -conjugated 405:415 arg1 MNPs 417:420 the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs 361:420 the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine 361:542 According to these advantages, in this study, we synthesized the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine. 27012732 7 43 theme molecules 1027:1035 arg1 liberation 1009:1018 sustained liberation 999:1018 sustained liberation of TMX molecules 999:1035 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 9 44 theme sustained 1276:1284 arg1 release 1286:1292 TMX sustained release 1272:1292 TMX sustained release 1272:1292 According to effect of CD on TMX sustained release, it was found that CD can decrease the hepatotoxicity induced by TMX nearly 30%. 27012732 9 45 from effect 1256:1261 arg1 release 1286:1292 TMX sustained release 1272:1292 TMX sustained release 1272:1292 According to effect of CD on TMX sustained release, it was found that CD can decrease the hepatotoxicity induced by TMX nearly 30%. 27012732 0 46 theme tamoxifen 47:55 arg1 efficiency 57:66 the tamoxifen efficiency 43:66 the tamoxifen efficiency 43:66 Evaluation of host-guest system to enhance the tamoxifen efficiency. 27012732 7 47 theme unit 946:949 arg1 mg 955:956 mg 955:956 mg 955:956 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 7 47 theme unit 946:949 arg1 CD 951:952 unit CD 946:952 unit CD (mg) 946:957 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 7 48 theme 33 mg 932:936 arg1 TMX 938:940 33 mg TMX 932:940 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5% 932:989 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 8 49 theme Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX 1152:1171 arg1 NPs 1173:1175 the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs 1137:1175 the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs 1137:1175 Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 27012732 8 49 theme Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX 1152:1171 arg1 able 1182:1185 able 1182:1185 able 1182:1185 Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 27012732 10 50 theme effective 1448:1456 arg1 nanomedicine 1474:1485 an effective multifunctional nanomedicine 1445:1485 an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects 1445:1544 Based upon these findings, we suggest the Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs as an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects. 27012732 6 51 theme NPs 796:798 arg1 NPs 796:798 Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs 779:798 Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs 779:798 In the other words, nearly 85% of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs are made of dopamine (DPA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 27012732 6 51 theme NPs 796:798 arg1 % 774:774 nearly 85% 765:774 nearly 85% of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs 765:798 In the other words, nearly 85% of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs are made of dopamine (DPA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 27012732 7 52 theme entrapment 907:916 arg1 efficiency 918:927 entrapment efficiency 907:927 entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5% 907:989 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 5 53 theme X-ray 636:640 arg1 EDS 656:658 EDS 656:658 EDS 656:658 By energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), it was revealed that Fe3O4 constitutes 14.34% of the composition of modified MNPs. 27012732 5 53 theme X-ray 636:640 arg1 spectroscopy 642:653 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 618:653 energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) 618:659 By energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), it was revealed that Fe3O4 constitutes 14.34% of the composition of modified MNPs. 27012732 7 54 theme TMX 938:940 arg1 efficiency 918:927 entrapment efficiency 907:927 entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5% 907:989 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 2 55 theme drug-cyclodextrin 183:199 arg1 complex 201:207 the drug-cyclodextrin complex 179:207 the drug-cyclodextrin complex 179:207 So, forming the drug-cyclodextrin complex can exert a profound effect on the physicochemical and biological properties of the drugs. 27012732 2 56 theme physicochemical 244:258 arg1 properties 275:284 the physicochemical and biological properties 240:284 the physicochemical and biological properties of the drugs 240:297 So, forming the drug-cyclodextrin complex can exert a profound effect on the physicochemical and biological properties of the drugs. 27012732 7 57 with MNPs 896:899 arg1 efficiency 918:927 entrapment efficiency 907:927 entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5% 907:989 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 8 58 theme breast 1222:1227 arg1 cells 1236:1240 the MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1212:1240 the MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1212:1240 Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 27012732 6 59 theme Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD 779:794 arg1 NPs 796:798 Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs 779:798 Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs 779:798 In the other words, nearly 85% of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs are made of dopamine (DPA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). 27012732 4 60 theme NPs 586:588 arg1 size 557:560 The average size 545:560 The average size of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs 545:588 The average size of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs was approximately 31 nm. 27012732 4 60 theme NPs 586:588 arg1 31 nm 608:612 31 nm 608:612 31 nm 608:612 The average size of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs was approximately 31 nm. 27012732 9 61 theme CD 1266:1267 arg1 effect 1256:1261 effect 1256:1261 effect of CD on TMX sustained release 1256:1292 According to effect of CD on TMX sustained release, it was found that CD can decrease the hepatotoxicity induced by TMX nearly 30%. 27012732 5 62 theme modified 730:737 arg1 MNPs 739:742 modified MNPs 730:742 modified MNPs 730:742 By energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), it was revealed that Fe3O4 constitutes 14.34% of the composition of modified MNPs. 27012732 7 63 theme loaded 889:894 arg1 MNPs 896:899 The TMX loaded MNPs 881:899 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) 881:990 The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). 27012732 1 64 theme cyclodextrins 138:150 arg1 sites 160:164 host sites 155:164 host sites 155:164 Hydrophobic drugs can absorb as guest molecules inside the cavity of cyclodextrins as host sites. 27012732 1 64 theme cyclodextrins 138:150 arg1 cavity 128:133 the cavity 124:133 the cavity of cyclodextrins 124:150 Hydrophobic drugs can absorb as guest molecules inside the cavity of cyclodextrins as host sites. 26869509 5 0 theme peptidoglycan 646:658 arg1 acid 725:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 5 0 theme peptidoglycan 646:658 arg1 A3γ 665:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 9 1 theme DNA 1149:1151 arg1 % 1165:1165 66.7 mol% 1157:1165 66.7 mol% 1157:1165 The G+C content of the DNA was 66.7 mol%. 26869509 9 1 theme DNA 1149:1151 arg1 content 1134:1140 The G+C content 1126:1140 The G+C content of the DNA 1126:1151 The G+C content of the DNA was 66.7 mol%. 26869509 3 2 theme similarity 481:490 arg1 range 492:496 a similarity range 479:496 a similarity range of 95.4-97.6% 479:510 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 5 3 contain contained 636:644 arg1 RP1T 631:634 Strain RP1T 624:634 Strain RP1T 624:634 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 5 3 contain contained 636:644 arg2 acid 725:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 5 3 contain contained 636:644 arg2 A3γ 665:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 3 4 theme 16S 307:309 arg1 rRNA 311:314 16S rRNA 307:314 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 307:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 5 5 theme type 660:663 arg1 acid 725:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 5 5 theme type 660:663 arg1 A3γ 665:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 2 6 from India 300:304 arg1 situated 270:277 situated 270:277 situated 270:277 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 11 7 theme phylogenetic 1398:1409 arg1 data 1411:1414 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 1379:1414 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented 1379:1424 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 2 8 theme Strain 97:102 arg1 bacterium 178:186 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium 110:186 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium 110:186 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 8 theme Strain 97:102 arg1 RP1T 104:107 Strain RP1T 97:107 Strain RP1T 97:107 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 8 9 theme polar 1003:1007 arg1 lipids 1009:1014 The polar lipids 999:1014 The polar lipids 999:1014 The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 26869509 6 10 theme fatty 799:803 arg1  0 842:843  0 842:843  0 842:843 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 6 10 theme fatty 799:803 arg1 acid 805:808 The major cellular fatty acid 780:808 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T 780:823 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 10 11 theme 23.5 1349:1352 arg1 % 1353:1353 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5% 1334:1353 % 1353:1353 The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T were 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5%, respectively. 26869509 10 11 theme 23.5 1349:1352 arg1 levels 1172:1177 The levels 1168:1177 The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T 1168:1327 The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T were 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5%, respectively. 26869509 11 12 theme Tessaracoccus 1579:1591 arg1 sp 1600:1601 the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp 1570:1601 the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp 1570:1601 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 6 13 theme cellular 790:797 arg1  0 842:843  0 842:843  0 842:843 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 6 13 theme cellular 790:797 arg1 acid 805:808 The major cellular fatty acid 780:808 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T 780:823 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 1 14 theme drainage 49:56 arg1 system 58:63 the drainage system 45:63 the drainage system of a lindane-producing factory 45:94 nov., isolated from the drainage system of a lindane-producing factory. 26869509 11 15 theme strain 1427:1432 arg1 RP1T 1434:1437 strain RP1T 1427:1437 strain RP1T 1427:1437 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 3 16 theme sequence 321:328 arg1 analysis 330:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 307:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 307:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 4 17 dep anaerobic 543:551 arg1 catalase-positive 572:588 catalase-positive 572:588 catalase-positive 572:588 Strain RP1T was facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and capable of nitrate reduction. 26869509 4 17 dep anaerobic 543:551 arg1 oxidase-negative 554:569 oxidase-negative 554:569 oxidase-negative 554:569 Strain RP1T was facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and capable of nitrate reduction. 26869509 4 17 dep anaerobic 543:551 arg1 capable 594:600 capable 594:600 capable 594:600 Strain RP1T was facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and capable of nitrate reduction. 26869509 6 18 theme major 784:788 arg1  0 842:843  0 842:843  0 842:843 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 6 18 theme major 784:788 arg1 acid 805:808 The major cellular fatty acid 780:808 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T 780:823 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 2 19 theme situated 270:277 arg1 unit 265:268 a lindane-producing unit 245:268 a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India 245:304 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 19 theme situated 270:277 arg1 Pesticides 225:234 India Pesticides Limited 219:242 India Pesticides Limited 219:242 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 20 attach isolated 193:200 arg1 drainage 207:214 drainage 207:214 drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India 207:304 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 20 attach isolated 193:200 arg2 bacterium 178:186 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium 110:186 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium 110:186 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 20 attach isolated 193:200 arg2 RP1T 104:107 Strain RP1T 97:107 Strain RP1T 97:107 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 6 21 theme significant 851:861 arg1 amount 863:868 a significant amount 849:868 a significant amount of iso-C14:0 849:881 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 6 21 theme significant 851:861 arg1 iso-C14:0 873:881 iso-C14:0 873:881 iso-C14:0 873:881 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 3 22 with Tessaracoccus 460:472 arg1 range 492:496 a similarity range 479:496 a similarity range of 95.4-97.6% 479:510 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 8 23 theme unknown 1075:1081 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1025:1046 diphosphatidylglycerol 1025:1046 diphosphatidylglycerol 1025:1046 The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 26869509 8 23 theme unknown 1075:1081 arg1 glycolipids 1083:1093 two unknown glycolipids 1071:1093 two unknown glycolipids 1071:1093 The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 26869509 11 24 theme phenotypic 1383:1392 arg1 data 1411:1414 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 1379:1414 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented 1379:1424 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 0 25 theme flavus 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Tessaracoccus flavus sp 0:22 Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 0:23 Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 2 26 theme Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 bacterium 178:186 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium 110:186 a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium 110:186 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 26 theme Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 RP1T 104:107 Strain RP1T 97:107 Strain RP1T 97:107 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 13 27 theme 100159T=MCC 1652:1662 arg1 39686T 1675:1680 =DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T 1647:1680 =DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T 1647:1680 The type strain is RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T). 26869509 13 27 theme 100159T=MCC 1652:1662 arg1 RP1T 1641:1644 RP1T 1641:1644 RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T) 1641:1681 The type strain is RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T). 26869509 11 28 dep Tessaracoccus 1579:1591 arg1 flavus 1593:1598 flavus 1593:1598 flavus 1593:1598 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 0 29 theme Tessaracoccus 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Tessaracoccus flavus sp 0:22 Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 0:23 Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 9 30 theme 66.7 mol 1157:1164 arg1 % 1165:1165 66.7 mol% 1157:1165 66.7 mol% 1157:1165 The G+C content of the DNA was 66.7 mol%. 26869509 9 30 theme 66.7 mol 1157:1164 arg1 content 1134:1140 The G+C content 1126:1140 The G+C content of the DNA 1126:1151 The G+C content of the DNA was 66.7 mol%. 26869509 13 31 theme 2769T=KCTC 1664:1673 arg1 39686T 1675:1680 =DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T 1647:1680 =DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T 1647:1680 The type strain is RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T). 26869509 13 31 theme 2769T=KCTC 1664:1673 arg1 RP1T 1641:1644 RP1T 1641:1644 RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T) 1641:1681 The type strain is RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T). 26869509 11 32 theme novel 1545:1549 arg1 species 1551:1557 a novel species 1543:1557 a novel species 1543:1557 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 1 33 theme lindane-producing 70:86 arg1 factory 88:94 a lindane-producing factory 68:94 a lindane-producing factory 68:94 nov., isolated from the drainage system of a lindane-producing factory. 26869509 3 34 theme strain 353:358 arg1 RP1T 360:363 strain RP1T 353:363 strain RP1T 353:363 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 2 35 dep Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 coccus-shaped 164:176 coccus-shaped 164:176 coccus-shaped 164:176 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 35 dep Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 non-spore-forming 145:161 non-spore-forming 145:161 non-spore-forming 145:161 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 35 dep Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 non-motile 133:142 non-motile 133:142 non-motile 133:142 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 13 36 theme type 1626:1629 arg1 strain 1631:1636 The type strain 1622:1636 The type strain 1622:1636 The type strain is RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T). 26869509 13 36 theme type 1626:1629 arg1 RP1T 1641:1644 RP1T 1641:1644 RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T) 1641:1681 The type strain is RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T). 26869509 13 37 theme =DSM 1647:1650 arg1 39686T 1675:1680 =DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T 1647:1680 =DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T 1647:1680 The type strain is RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T). 26869509 13 37 theme =DSM 1647:1650 arg1 RP1T 1641:1644 RP1T 1641:1644 RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T) 1641:1681 The type strain is RP1T (=DSM 100159T=MCC 2769T=KCTC 39686T). 26869509 1 38 theme factory 88:94 arg1 system 58:63 the drainage system 45:63 the drainage system of a lindane-producing factory 45:94 nov., isolated from the drainage system of a lindane-producing factory. 26869509 6 39 theme iso-C14:0 873:881 arg1 amount 863:868 a significant amount 849:868 a significant amount of iso-C14:0 849:881 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 6 39 theme iso-C14:0 873:881 arg1 iso-C14:0 873:881 iso-C14:0 873:881 iso-C14:0 873:881 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 10 40 theme 49.8 1334:1337 arg1 % 1353:1353 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5% 1334:1353 % 1353:1353 The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T were 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5%, respectively. 26869509 10 40 theme 49.8 1334:1337 arg1 levels 1172:1177 The levels 1168:1177 The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T 1168:1327 The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T were 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5%, respectively. 26869509 3 41 theme % 510:510 arg1 range 492:496 a similarity range 479:496 a similarity range of 95.4-97.6% 479:510 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 5 42 theme peptide 763:769 arg1 subunit 771:777 the peptide subunit 759:777 the peptide subunit 759:777 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 5 43 theme diagnostic 706:715 arg1 acid 725:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 5 43 theme diagnostic 706:715 arg1 A3γ 665:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 2 44 theme Pesticides 225:234 arg1 drainage 207:214 drainage 207:214 drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India 207:304 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 11 45 theme described 1477:1485 arg1 species 1487:1493 previously described species 1466:1493 previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus 1466:1520 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 5 46 theme subunit 771:777 arg1 position 745:752 position 1 745:754 position 1 of the peptide subunit 745:777 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 5 47 theme diamino 717:723 arg1 acid 725:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 5 47 theme diamino 717:723 arg1 A3γ 665:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 2 48 theme India 219:223 arg1 unit 265:268 a lindane-producing unit 245:268 a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India 245:304 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 48 theme India 219:223 arg1 Pesticides 225:234 India Pesticides Limited 219:242 India Pesticides Limited 219:242 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 11 49 theme name 1574:1577 arg1 sp 1600:1601 the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp 1570:1601 the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp 1570:1601 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 8 50 theme unknown 1103:1109 arg1 phospholipids 1111:1123 two unknown phospholipids 1099:1123 two unknown phospholipids 1099:1123 The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 26869509 8 50 theme unknown 1103:1109 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1025:1046 diphosphatidylglycerol 1025:1046 diphosphatidylglycerol 1025:1046 The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 26869509 3 51 theme family 380:385 arg1 Propionibacteriaceae 387:406 the family Propionibacteriaceae 376:406 the family Propionibacteriaceae 376:406 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 5 52 theme Strain 624:629 arg1 RP1T 631:634 Strain RP1T 624:634 Strain RP1T 624:634 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 4 53 theme Strain 513:518 arg1 RP1T 520:523 Strain RP1T 513:523 Strain RP1T 513:523 Strain RP1T was facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and capable of nitrate reduction. 26869509 5 54 theme ll-diaminopimelic 676:692 arg1 acid 694:697 ll-diaminopimelic acid 676:697 ll-diaminopimelic acid 676:697 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 6 55 theme RP1T 820:823 arg1  0 842:843  0 842:843  0 842:843 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 6 55 theme RP1T 820:823 arg1 acid 805:808 The major cellular fatty acid 780:808 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T 780:823 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 2 56 theme lindane-producing 247:263 arg1 unit 265:268 a lindane-producing unit 245:268 a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India 245:304 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 56 theme lindane-producing 247:263 arg1 Pesticides 225:234 India Pesticides Limited 219:242 India Pesticides Limited 219:242 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 7 57 theme major 919:923 arg1 quinone 937:943 the major respiratory quinone 915:943 the major respiratory quinone 915:943 MK-9(H4) was the major respiratory quinone and polyamines detected were spermine and spermidine. 26869509 7 57 theme major 919:923 arg1 MK-9 902:905 MK-9 902:905 MK-9(H4) 902:909 MK-9(H4) was the major respiratory quinone and polyamines detected were spermine and spermidine. 26869509 3 58 theme genus 454:458 arg1 Tessaracoccus 460:472 the genus Tessaracoccus 450:472 the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6% 450:510 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 9 59 theme G+C 1130:1132 arg1 % 1165:1165 66.7 mol% 1157:1165 66.7 mol% 1157:1165 The G+C content of the DNA was 66.7 mol%. 26869509 9 59 theme G+C 1130:1132 arg1 content 1134:1140 The G+C content 1126:1140 The G+C content of the DNA 1126:1151 The G+C content of the DNA was 66.7 mol%. 26869509 5 60 from position 745:752 arg1 glycine 734:740 glycine 734:740 glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit 734:777 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 5 60 from position 745:752 arg1 acid 725:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 the diagnostic diamino acid 702:728 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 5 60 from position 745:752 arg1 A3γ 665:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 peptidoglycan type A3γ 646:667 Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ', with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. 26869509 3 61 theme Tessaracoccus 460:472 arg1 members 439:445 the members 435:445 the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6% 435:510 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 10 62 theme DNA-DNA 1182:1188 arg1 relatedness 1190:1200 DNA-DNA relatedness 1182:1200 DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T 1182:1327 The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T were 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5%, respectively. 26869509 3 63 theme rRNA 311:314 arg1 analysis 330:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 307:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 307:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 11 64 theme genus 1502:1506 arg1 Tessaracoccus 1508:1520 the genus Tessaracoccus 1498:1520 the genus Tessaracoccus 1498:1520 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 6 65 theme strain 813:818 arg1 RP1T 820:823 strain RP1T 813:823 strain RP1T 813:823 The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14:0 was also detected. 26869509 10 66 theme relatedness 1190:1200 arg1 levels 1172:1177 The levels 1168:1177 The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T 1168:1327 The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T were 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5%, respectively. 26869509 10 66 theme relatedness 1190:1200 arg1 % 1353:1353 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5% 1334:1353 % 1353:1353 The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T were 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5%, respectively. 26869509 4 67 theme reduction 613:621 arg1 capable 594:600 capable 594:600 capable 594:600 Strain RP1T was facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and capable of nitrate reduction. 26869509 3 68 theme gene 316:319 arg1 analysis 330:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 307:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 307:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4-97.6%. 26869509 2 69 theme Limited 236:242 arg1 unit 265:268 a lindane-producing unit 245:268 a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India 245:304 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 2 69 theme Limited 236:242 arg1 Pesticides 225:234 India Pesticides Limited 219:242 India Pesticides Limited 219:242 Strain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 26869509 7 70 theme respiratory 925:935 arg1 quinone 937:943 the major respiratory quinone 915:943 the major respiratory quinone 915:943 MK-9(H4) was the major respiratory quinone and polyamines detected were spermine and spermidine. 26869509 7 70 theme respiratory 925:935 arg1 MK-9 902:905 MK-9 902:905 MK-9(H4) 902:909 MK-9(H4) was the major respiratory quinone and polyamines detected were spermine and spermidine. 26869509 11 71 theme Tessaracoccus 1508:1520 arg1 species 1487:1493 previously described species 1466:1493 previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus 1466:1520 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. 26869509 4 72 theme nitrate 605:611 arg1 reduction 613:621 nitrate reduction 605:621 nitrate reduction 605:621 Strain RP1T was facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and capable of nitrate reduction. 25862385 5 0 attach linked 665:670 arg2 type 652:655 The peptidoglycan type 634:655 The peptidoglycan type 634:655 The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to L-lysine as the diamino acid. 25862385 5 0 attach linked 665:670 arg1 L-lysine 684:691 L-lysine 684:691 L-lysine 684:691 The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to L-lysine as the diamino acid. 25862385 5 0 attach linked 665:670 arg2 acid 708:711 the diamino acid 696:711 the diamino acid 696:711 The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to L-lysine as the diamino acid. 25862385 3 1 theme 99.87 465:469 arg1 % 470:470 % 470:470 % 470:470 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 10 2 theme novel 1159:1163 arg1 species 1165:1171 a novel species 1157:1171 a novel species 1157:1171 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 10 3 theme strain 1133:1138 arg1 T 1143:1143 T 1143:1143 T 1143:1143 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 10 3 theme strain 1133:1138 arg1 D5 1140:1141 strain D5 1133:1141 strain D5(T) 1133:1144 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 8 4 theme DNA 877:879 arg1 % 893:893 43.0 mol% 885:893 43.0 mol% 885:893 The G+C content of its DNA was 43.0 mol%. 25862385 8 4 theme DNA 877:879 arg1 content 862:868 The G+C content 854:868 The G+C content of its DNA 854:879 The G+C content of its DNA was 43.0 mol%. 25862385 3 5 theme % 470:470 arg1 similarity 472:481 99.87% similarity 465:481 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T) 465:527 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 4 6 theme DNA-DNA 530:536 arg1 hybridization 538:550 DNA-DNA hybridization 530:550 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) 530:600 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 3 7 theme JCM 516:518 arg1 T 526:526 T 526:526 T 526:526 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 3 7 theme JCM 516:518 arg1 10872 520:524 Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872 486:524 Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T) 486:527 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 1 8 from sandy 59:63 arg1 nov. 47:50 nov. 47:50 nov. from a sandy 47:63 nov. from a sandy beach, and emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 25862385 4 9 theme strain 555:560 arg1 T 565:565 T 565:565 T 565:565 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 4 9 theme strain 555:560 arg1 D5 562:563 strain D5 555:563 strain D5(T) 555:566 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 10 10 theme Jeotgalibacillus 1186:1201 arg1 species 1165:1171 a novel species 1157:1171 a novel species 1157:1171 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 12 11 theme Jeotgalibacillus 1361:1376 arg1 description 1336:1346 An emended description 1325:1346 An emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus 1325:1376 An emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus is also provided. 25862385 3 12 dep Jeotgalibacillus 486:501 arg1 alimentarius 503:514 alimentarius 503:514 alimentarius 503:514 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 6 13 theme predominant 718:728 arg1 quinones 730:737 The predominant quinones 714:737 The predominant quinones identified in strain D5(T) 714:764 The predominant quinones identified in strain D5(T) were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8. 25862385 6 13 theme predominant 718:728 arg1 menaquinones 771:782 menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8 771:796 menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8 771:796 The predominant quinones identified in strain D5(T) were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8. 25862385 3 14 theme Jeotgalibacillus 486:501 arg1 T 526:526 T 526:526 T 526:526 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 3 14 theme Jeotgalibacillus 486:501 arg1 10872 520:524 Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872 486:524 Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T) 486:527 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 10 15 theme genus 1180:1184 arg1 Jeotgalibacillus 1186:1201 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 1176:1201 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 1176:1201 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 2 16 theme Gram-stain-positive 129:147 arg1 strain 190:195 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 127:195 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 127:195 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25862385 5 17 theme diamino 700:706 arg1 acid 708:711 the diamino acid 696:711 the diamino acid 696:711 The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to L-lysine as the diamino acid. 25862385 5 17 theme diamino 700:706 arg1 type 652:655 The peptidoglycan type 634:655 The peptidoglycan type 634:655 The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to L-lysine as the diamino acid. 25862385 12 18 theme genus 1355:1359 arg1 Jeotgalibacillus 1361:1376 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 1351:1376 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 1351:1376 An emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus is also provided. 25862385 4 19 theme D5 562:563 arg1 hybridization 538:550 DNA-DNA hybridization 530:550 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) 530:600 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 3 20 theme Sequence 351:358 arg1 analysis 360:367 Sequence analysis 351:367 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 351:388 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 8 21 theme mol 890:892 arg1 % 893:893 43.0 mol% 885:893 43.0 mol% 885:893 The G+C content of its DNA was 43.0 mol%. 25862385 8 21 theme mol 890:892 arg1 content 862:868 The G+C content 854:868 The G+C content of its DNA 854:879 The G+C content of its DNA was 43.0 mol%. 25862385 3 22 theme gene 385:388 arg1 analysis 360:367 Sequence analysis 351:367 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 351:388 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 2 23 dep Gram-stain-positive 129:147 arg1 rod-shaped 169:178 rod-shaped 169:178 rod-shaped 169:178 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25862385 2 23 dep Gram-stain-positive 129:147 arg1 endospore-forming 150:166 endospore-forming 150:166 endospore-forming 150:166 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25862385 11 24 dep proposed 1265:1272 arg1 = 1308:1308 = 1308:1308 = 1308:1308 nov. is proposed (type strain D5(T) = DSM 28777(T) = KCTC33550(T)). 25862385 9 25 dep diphosphatidylglycerol 924:945 arg1 diacylglycerol 989:1002 diacylglycerol 989:1002 diacylglycerol 989:1002 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25862385 2 26 theme southern 277:284 arg1 state 286:290 a southern state 275:290 a southern state of Malaysia 275:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25862385 0 27 theme malaysiensis 30:41 arg1 sp 43:44 Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp 13:44 Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp 13:44 Isolation of Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 4 28 theme J. 573:574 arg1 T 599:599 T 599:599 T 599:599 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 4 28 theme J. 573:574 arg1 10872 593:597 J. alimentarius JCM 10872 573:597 J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) 573:600 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 1 29 theme emended 76:82 arg1 description 84:94 emended description 76:94 emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus 76:124 nov. from a sandy beach, and emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 25862385 12 30 theme emended 1328:1334 arg1 description 1336:1346 An emended description 1325:1346 An emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus 1325:1376 An emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus is also provided. 25862385 4 31 theme % 619:619 arg1 relatedness 621:631 26.3% relatedness 615:631 26.3% relatedness 615:631 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 4 32 theme 26.3 615:618 arg1 % 619:619 % 619:619 % 619:619 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 3 33 theme 16S 376:378 arg1 gene 385:388 the 16S rRNA gene 372:388 the 16S rRNA gene 372:388 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 5 34 theme peptidoglycan 638:650 arg1 acid 708:711 the diamino acid 696:711 the diamino acid 696:711 The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to L-lysine as the diamino acid. 25862385 5 34 theme peptidoglycan 638:650 arg1 type 652:655 The peptidoglycan type 634:655 The peptidoglycan type 634:655 The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to L-lysine as the diamino acid. 25862385 2 35 theme bacterial 180:188 arg1 strain 190:195 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 127:195 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 127:195 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25862385 9 36 theme unknown 1020:1026 arg1 phospholipids 1028:1040 two unknown phospholipids 1016:1040 two unknown phospholipids 1016:1040 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25862385 4 37 theme JCM 589:591 arg1 T 599:599 T 599:599 T 599:599 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 4 37 theme JCM 589:591 arg1 10872 593:597 J. alimentarius JCM 10872 573:597 J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) 573:600 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 3 38 theme rRNA 380:383 arg1 gene 385:388 the 16S rRNA gene 372:388 the 16S rRNA gene 372:388 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 10 39 theme phenotypic 1072:1081 arg1 data 1113:1116 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1068:1116 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1068:1116 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 0 40 theme sp 43:44 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation of Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 0:45 Isolation of Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 10 41 theme chemotaxonomic 1084:1097 arg1 data 1113:1116 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1068:1116 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1068:1116 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 4 42 theme alimentarius 576:587 arg1 T 599:599 T 599:599 T 599:599 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 4 42 theme alimentarius 576:587 arg1 10872 593:597 J. alimentarius JCM 10872 573:597 J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) 573:600 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 10 43 theme malaysiensis 1240:1251 arg1 sp 1253:1254 the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp 1214:1254 the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp 1214:1254 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 1 44 dep beach 65:69 arg1 nov. 47:50 nov. 47:50 nov. from a sandy 47:63 nov. from a sandy beach, and emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 25862385 3 45 theme genus 436:440 arg1 Jeotgalibacillus 442:457 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 432:457 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 432:457 Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). 25862385 10 46 theme Jeotgalibacillus 1223:1238 arg1 sp 1253:1254 the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp 1214:1254 the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp 1214:1254 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 1 47 theme genus 103:107 arg1 Jeotgalibacillus 109:124 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 99:124 the genus Jeotgalibacillus 99:124 nov. from a sandy beach, and emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 25862385 9 48 theme major 900:904 arg1 lipids 912:917 The major polar lipids 896:917 The major polar lipids 896:917 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25862385 9 48 theme major 900:904 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 924:945 diphosphatidylglycerol 924:945 diphosphatidylglycerol 924:945 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25862385 6 49 dep menaquinones 771:782 arg1 menaquinones 771:782 menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8 771:796 menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8 771:796 The predominant quinones identified in strain D5(T) were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8. 25862385 6 49 dep menaquinones 771:782 arg1 MK-8 793:796 MK-8 793:796 MK-8 793:796 The predominant quinones identified in strain D5(T) were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8. 25862385 6 49 dep menaquinones 771:782 arg1 MK-7 784:787 MK-7 784:787 MK-7 784:787 The predominant quinones identified in strain D5(T) were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8. 25862385 9 50 theme unknown 1052:1058 arg1 lipids 1060:1065 three unknown lipids 1046:1065 three unknown lipids 1046:1065 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25862385 1 51 theme Jeotgalibacillus 109:124 arg1 description 84:94 emended description 76:94 emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus 76:124 nov. from a sandy beach, and emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. 25862385 9 52 theme polar 906:910 arg1 lipids 912:917 The major polar lipids 896:917 The major polar lipids 896:917 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25862385 9 52 theme polar 906:910 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 924:945 diphosphatidylglycerol 924:945 diphosphatidylglycerol 924:945 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25862385 10 53 theme genotypic 1103:1111 arg1 data 1113:1116 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1068:1116 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data 1068:1116 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 10 54 theme name 1218:1221 arg1 sp 1253:1254 the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp 1214:1254 the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp 1214:1254 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 8 55 theme G+C 858:860 arg1 % 893:893 43.0 mol% 885:893 43.0 mol% 885:893 The G+C content of its DNA was 43.0 mol%. 25862385 8 55 theme G+C 858:860 arg1 content 862:868 The G+C content 854:868 The G+C content of its DNA 854:879 The G+C content of its DNA was 43.0 mol%. 25862385 7 56 theme major 802:806 arg1 iso-C15:0 825:833 iso-C15:0 825:833 iso-C15:0 825:833 The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25862385 7 56 theme major 802:806 arg1 acids 814:818 The major fatty acids 798:818 The major fatty acids 798:818 The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25862385 2 57 theme Malaysia 295:302 arg1 state 286:290 a southern state 275:290 a southern state of Malaysia 275:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25862385 6 58 theme strain 753:758 arg1 T 763:763 T 763:763 T 763:763 The predominant quinones identified in strain D5(T) were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8. 25862385 6 58 theme strain 753:758 arg1 D5 760:761 strain D5 753:761 strain D5(T) 753:764 The predominant quinones identified in strain D5(T) were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8. 25862385 4 59 with hybridization 538:550 arg1 T 599:599 T 599:599 T 599:599 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 4 59 with hybridization 538:550 arg1 10872 593:597 J. alimentarius JCM 10872 573:597 J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) 573:600 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. 25862385 11 60 dep = 1308:1308 arg1 T 1320:1320 T 1320:1320 T 1320:1320 nov. is proposed (type strain D5(T) = DSM 28777(T) = KCTC33550(T)). 25862385 11 60 dep = 1308:1308 arg1 KCTC33550 1310:1318 KCTC33550 1310:1318 KCTC33550 1310:1318 nov. is proposed (type strain D5(T) = DSM 28777(T) = KCTC33550(T)). 25862385 2 61 theme taxonomic 334:342 arg1 study 344:348 a polyphasic taxonomic study 321:348 a polyphasic taxonomic study 321:348 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25862385 7 62 theme fatty 808:812 arg1 iso-C15:0 825:833 iso-C15:0 825:833 iso-C15:0 825:833 The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25862385 7 62 theme fatty 808:812 arg1 acids 814:818 The major fatty acids 798:818 The major fatty acids 798:818 The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25862385 2 63 attach isolated 220:227 arg1 seawater 234:241 seawater 234:241 seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia 234:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25862385 2 63 attach isolated 220:227 arg2 strain 190:195 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 127:195 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 127:195 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25862385 0 64 theme Jeotgalibacillus 13:28 arg1 sp 43:44 Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp 13:44 Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp 13:44 Isolation of Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. 25862385 2 65 theme polyphasic 323:332 arg1 study 344:348 a polyphasic taxonomic study 321:348 a polyphasic taxonomic study 321:348 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 28237185 2 0 theme cartilage 626:634 arg1 composition 636:646 cartilage composition 626:646 cartilage composition in human subjects 626:664 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 10 1 with consistent 1589:1598 arg1 loading 1680:1686 in vivo loading 1672:1686 in vivo loading 1672:1686 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 10 1 with consistent 1589:1598 arg1 exudation 1611:1619 water exudation 1605:1619 water exudation 1605:1619 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 10 1 with consistent 1589:1598 arg1 increase 1628:1635 an increase 1625:1635 an increase in proteoglycan concentration 1625:1665 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 11 2 theme MR 1741:1742 arg1 imaging 1744:1750 cartilage MR imaging 1731:1750 cartilage MR imaging 1731:1750 Together, these findings demonstrate that cartilage MR imaging and synovial fluid biomarkers provide powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint. 28237185 7 3 theme sGAG 1131:1134 arg1 concentrations 1113:1126 synovial fluid concentrations 1098:1126 synovial fluid concentrations of sGAG 1098:1134 In OA joints, synovial fluid concentrations of sGAG decreased and C2C concentrations increased compared to healthy joints. 28237185 8 4 theme synovial 1276:1283 arg1 fluid 1285:1289 synovial fluid 1276:1289 synovial fluid 1276:1289 T1rho relaxation times were negatively correlated with cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations and aggregate modulus and positively correlated with water content and permeability. 28237185 1 5 theme biochemical 191:201 arg1 changes 221:227 early biochemical and biomechanical changes 185:227 early biochemical and biomechanical changes 185:227 Non-invasive techniques for quantifying early biochemical and biomechanical changes in articular cartilage may provide a means of more precisely assessing osteoarthritis (OA) progression. 28237185 8 6 theme relaxation 1213:1222 arg1 times 1224:1228 T1rho relaxation times 1207:1228 T1rho relaxation times 1207:1228 T1rho relaxation times were negatively correlated with cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations and aggregate modulus and positively correlated with water content and permeability. 28237185 8 7 theme sGAG 1291:1294 arg1 concentrations 1296:1309 cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations 1262:1309 cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations 1262:1309 T1rho relaxation times were negatively correlated with cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations and aggregate modulus and positively correlated with water content and permeability. 28237185 7 8 theme synovial 1098:1105 arg1 concentrations 1113:1126 synovial fluid concentrations 1098:1126 synovial fluid concentrations of sGAG 1098:1134 In OA joints, synovial fluid concentrations of sGAG decreased and C2C concentrations increased compared to healthy joints. 28237185 1 9 theme biomechanical 207:219 arg1 changes 221:227 early biochemical and biomechanical changes 185:227 early biochemical and biomechanical changes 185:227 Non-invasive techniques for quantifying early biochemical and biomechanical changes in articular cartilage may provide a means of more precisely assessing osteoarthritis (OA) progression. 28237185 10 10 theme proteoglycan 1640:1651 arg1 concentration 1653:1665 proteoglycan concentration 1640:1665 proteoglycan concentration 1640:1665 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 5 11 theme joints 851:856 arg1 regions 837:843 OA regions 834:843 OA regions of OA joints 834:856 OA regions of OA joints exhibited an increase in T1rho relaxation times as compared to non-OA regions. 28237185 6 12 theme cartilage 967:975 arg1 content 982:988 cartilage sGAG content 967:988 cartilage sGAG content 967:988 Furthermore in these regions, cartilage sGAG content and aggregate modulus decreased, while percent degraded collagen and water content increased. 28237185 0 13 theme cartilage 134:142 arg1 imaging 46:52 T1rho magnetic resonance imaging 21:52 T1rho magnetic resonance imaging 21:52 Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 28237185 0 13 theme cartilage 134:142 arg1 properties 120:129 the biochemical and biomechanical properties 86:129 the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage 86:142 Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 28237185 0 13 theme cartilage 134:142 arg1 biomarkers 70:79 synovial fluid biomarkers 55:79 synovial fluid biomarkers 55:79 Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 28237185 8 14 theme cartilage 1262:1270 arg1 concentrations 1296:1309 cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations 1262:1309 cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations 1262:1309 T1rho relaxation times were negatively correlated with cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations and aggregate modulus and positively correlated with water content and permeability. 28237185 2 15 theme T1rho 600:604 arg1 imaging 606:612 T1rho imaging 600:612 T1rho imaging 600:612 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 9 16 dep in 1451:1452 arg1 vitro 1454:1458 vitro 1454:1458 vitro 1454:1458 Additionally, we demonstrated the application of these in vitro findings to the study of human subjects. 28237185 11 17 from changes 1837:1843 arg1 environments 1882:1893 the biochemical and biomechanical environments 1848:1893 the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint 1848:1906 Together, these findings demonstrate that cartilage MR imaging and synovial fluid biomarkers provide powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint. 28237185 0 18 theme fluid 64:68 arg1 biomarkers 70:79 synovial fluid biomarkers 55:79 synovial fluid biomarkers 55:79 Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 28237185 7 19 theme healthy 1191:1197 arg1 joints 1199:1204 healthy joints 1191:1204 healthy joints 1191:1204 In OA joints, synovial fluid concentrations of sGAG decreased and C2C concentrations increased compared to healthy joints. 28237185 5 20 from increase 871:878 arg1 times 900:904 T1rho relaxation times 883:904 T1rho relaxation times 883:904 OA regions of OA joints exhibited an increase in T1rho relaxation times as compared to non-OA regions. 28237185 2 21 theme mechanical 503:512 arg1 properties 514:523 cartilage mechanical properties 493:523 cartilage mechanical properties 493:523 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 3 22 theme porcine 746:752 arg1 joints 759:764 healthy and OA porcine knee joints 731:764 healthy and OA porcine knee joints 731:764 Femoral condyles and synovial fluid were harvested from healthy and OA porcine knee joints. 28237185 2 23 theme biomarker 545:553 arg1 levels 555:560 biomarker levels 545:560 biomarker levels 545:560 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 4 24 theme MR 793:794 arg1 images 796:801 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images 767:801 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images of the condyles 767:817 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images of the condyles were acquired. 28237185 6 25 theme aggregate 994:1002 arg1 modulus 1004:1010 aggregate modulus 994:1010 aggregate modulus 994:1010 Furthermore in these regions, cartilage sGAG content and aggregate modulus decreased, while percent degraded collagen and water content increased. 28237185 2 26 theme synovial 530:537 arg1 fluid 539:543 synovial fluid 530:543 synovial fluid 530:543 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 7 27 dep increased 1169:1177 arg1 compared 1179:1186 compared 1179:1186 increased compared to healthy joints 1169:1204 In OA joints, synovial fluid concentrations of sGAG decreased and C2C concentrations increased compared to healthy joints. 28237185 2 28 theme T1rho 400:404 arg1 MR 426:427 MR 426:427 MR 426:427 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 2 28 theme T1rho 400:404 arg1 resonance 415:423 T1rho magnetic resonance 400:423 T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels 400:560 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 5 29 theme OA 834:835 arg1 regions 837:843 OA regions 834:843 OA regions of OA joints 834:856 OA regions of OA joints exhibited an increase in T1rho relaxation times as compared to non-OA regions. 28237185 1 30 theme osteoarthritis 300:313 arg1 progression 320:330 osteoarthritis (OA) progression 300:330 osteoarthritis (OA) progression 300:330 Non-invasive techniques for quantifying early biochemical and biomechanical changes in articular cartilage may provide a means of more precisely assessing osteoarthritis (OA) progression. 28237185 10 31 theme decreased 1555:1563 arg1 times 1582:1586 decreased T1rho relaxation times 1555:1586 decreased T1rho relaxation times 1555:1586 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 4 32 theme T1rho 776:780 arg1 images 796:801 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images 767:801 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images of the condyles 767:817 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images of the condyles were acquired. 28237185 0 33 theme T1rho 21:25 arg1 imaging 46:52 T1rho magnetic resonance imaging 21:52 T1rho magnetic resonance imaging 21:52 Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 28237185 3 34 theme Femoral 675:681 arg1 condyles 683:690 Femoral condyles 675:690 Femoral condyles 675:690 Femoral condyles and synovial fluid were harvested from healthy and OA porcine knee joints. 28237185 9 35 theme human 1485:1489 arg1 subjects 1491:1498 human subjects 1485:1498 human subjects 1485:1498 Additionally, we demonstrated the application of these in vitro findings to the study of human subjects. 28237185 0 36 theme resonance 36:44 arg1 imaging 46:52 T1rho magnetic resonance imaging 21:52 T1rho magnetic resonance imaging 21:52 Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 28237185 10 37 from exudation 1611:1619 arg1 concentration 1653:1665 proteoglycan concentration 1640:1665 proteoglycan concentration 1640:1665 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 2 38 theme cartilage 470:478 arg1 composition 480:490 cartilage composition 470:490 cartilage composition 470:490 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 2 39 from composition 636:646 arg1 subjects 657:664 human subjects 651:664 human subjects 651:664 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 11 40 theme synovial 1756:1763 arg1 fluid 1765:1769 synovial fluid 1756:1769 synovial fluid 1756:1769 Together, these findings demonstrate that cartilage MR imaging and synovial fluid biomarkers provide powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint. 28237185 10 41 theme relaxation 1571:1580 arg1 times 1582:1586 decreased T1rho relaxation times 1555:1586 decreased T1rho relaxation times 1555:1586 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 4 42 theme condyles 810:817 arg1 images 796:801 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images 767:801 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images of the condyles 767:817 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images of the condyles were acquired. 28237185 11 43 theme powerful 1790:1797 arg1 tools 1812:1816 powerful non-invasive tools 1790:1816 powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint 1790:1906 Together, these findings demonstrate that cartilage MR imaging and synovial fluid biomarkers provide powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint. 28237185 9 44 theme subjects 1491:1498 arg1 study 1476:1480 the study 1472:1480 the study of human subjects 1472:1498 Additionally, we demonstrated the application of these in vitro findings to the study of human subjects. 28237185 0 45 theme synovial 55:62 arg1 biomarkers 70:79 synovial fluid biomarkers 55:79 synovial fluid biomarkers 55:79 Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 28237185 3 46 theme healthy 731:737 arg1 joints 759:764 healthy and OA porcine knee joints 731:764 healthy and OA porcine knee joints 731:764 Femoral condyles and synovial fluid were harvested from healthy and OA porcine knee joints. 28237185 3 47 theme OA 743:744 arg1 joints 759:764 healthy and OA porcine knee joints 731:764 healthy and OA porcine knee joints 731:764 Femoral condyles and synovial fluid were harvested from healthy and OA porcine knee joints. 28237185 2 48 theme imaging 606:612 arg1 application 585:595 the application 581:595 the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo 581:672 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 3 49 theme knee 754:757 arg1 joints 759:764 healthy and OA porcine knee joints 731:764 healthy and OA porcine knee joints 731:764 Femoral condyles and synovial fluid were harvested from healthy and OA porcine knee joints. 28237185 7 50 theme fluid 1107:1111 arg1 concentrations 1113:1126 synovial fluid concentrations 1098:1126 synovial fluid concentrations of sGAG 1098:1134 In OA joints, synovial fluid concentrations of sGAG decreased and C2C concentrations increased compared to healthy joints. 28237185 1 51 theme early 185:189 arg1 changes 221:227 early biochemical and biomechanical changes 185:227 early biochemical and biomechanical changes 185:227 Non-invasive techniques for quantifying early biochemical and biomechanical changes in articular cartilage may provide a means of more precisely assessing osteoarthritis (OA) progression. 28237185 2 52 theme human 651:655 arg1 subjects 657:664 human subjects 651:664 human subjects 651:664 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 10 53 theme in 1672:1673 arg1 loading 1680:1686 in vivo loading 1672:1686 in vivo loading 1672:1686 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 11 54 theme cartilage 1731:1739 arg1 imaging 1744:1750 cartilage MR imaging 1731:1750 cartilage MR imaging 1731:1750 Together, these findings demonstrate that cartilage MR imaging and synovial fluid biomarkers provide powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint. 28237185 10 55 dep in 1672:1673 arg1 vivo 1675:1678 vivo 1675:1678 vivo 1675:1678 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 5 56 theme T1rho 883:887 arg1 times 900:904 T1rho relaxation times 883:904 T1rho relaxation times 883:904 OA regions of OA joints exhibited an increase in T1rho relaxation times as compared to non-OA regions. 28237185 8 57 theme T1rho 1207:1211 arg1 times 1224:1228 T1rho relaxation times 1207:1228 T1rho relaxation times 1207:1228 T1rho relaxation times were negatively correlated with cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations and aggregate modulus and positively correlated with water content and permeability. 28237185 11 58 theme non-invasive 1799:1810 arg1 tools 1812:1816 powerful non-invasive tools 1790:1816 powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint 1790:1906 Together, these findings demonstrate that cartilage MR imaging and synovial fluid biomarkers provide powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint. 28237185 8 59 theme fluid 1285:1289 arg1 concentrations 1296:1309 cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations 1262:1309 cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations 1262:1309 T1rho relaxation times were negatively correlated with cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations and aggregate modulus and positively correlated with water content and permeability. 28237185 11 60 theme joint 1902:1906 arg1 environments 1882:1893 the biochemical and biomechanical environments 1848:1893 the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint 1848:1906 Together, these findings demonstrate that cartilage MR imaging and synovial fluid biomarkers provide powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint. 28237185 7 61 theme OA 1087:1088 arg1 joints 1090:1095 OA joints 1087:1095 OA joints 1087:1095 In OA joints, synovial fluid concentrations of sGAG decreased and C2C concentrations increased compared to healthy joints. 28237185 5 62 theme OA 848:849 arg1 joints 851:856 OA joints 848:856 OA joints 848:856 OA regions of OA joints exhibited an increase in T1rho relaxation times as compared to non-OA regions. 28237185 6 63 theme sGAG 977:980 arg1 content 982:988 cartilage sGAG content 967:988 cartilage sGAG content 967:988 Furthermore in these regions, cartilage sGAG content and aggregate modulus decreased, while percent degraded collagen and water content increased. 28237185 5 64 theme relaxation 889:898 arg1 times 900:904 T1rho relaxation times 883:904 T1rho relaxation times 883:904 OA regions of OA joints exhibited an increase in T1rho relaxation times as compared to non-OA regions. 28237185 1 65 theme articular 232:240 arg1 cartilage 242:250 articular cartilage 232:250 articular cartilage 232:250 Non-invasive techniques for quantifying early biochemical and biomechanical changes in articular cartilage may provide a means of more precisely assessing osteoarthritis (OA) progression. 28237185 8 66 theme aggregate 1315:1323 arg1 modulus 1325:1331 aggregate modulus 1315:1331 aggregate modulus 1315:1331 T1rho relaxation times were negatively correlated with cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations and aggregate modulus and positively correlated with water content and permeability. 28237185 5 67 theme non-OA 921:926 arg1 regions 928:934 non-OA regions 921:934 non-OA regions 921:934 OA regions of OA joints exhibited an increase in T1rho relaxation times as compared to non-OA regions. 28237185 1 68 theme Non-invasive 145:156 arg1 techniques 158:167 Non-invasive techniques 145:167 Non-invasive techniques for quantifying early biochemical and biomechanical changes in articular cartilage 145:250 Non-invasive techniques for quantifying early biochemical and biomechanical changes in articular cartilage may provide a means of more precisely assessing osteoarthritis (OA) progression. 28237185 2 69 from times 449:453 arg1 properties 514:523 cartilage mechanical properties 493:523 cartilage mechanical properties 493:523 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 2 69 from times 449:453 arg1 composition 480:490 cartilage composition 470:490 cartilage composition 470:490 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 2 69 from times 449:453 arg1 fluid 539:543 synovial fluid 530:543 synovial fluid 530:543 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 8 70 theme water 1364:1368 arg1 content 1370:1376 water content 1364:1376 water content 1364:1376 T1rho relaxation times were negatively correlated with cartilage and synovial fluid sGAG concentrations and aggregate modulus and positively correlated with water content and permeability. 28237185 2 71 theme cartilage 493:501 arg1 properties 514:523 cartilage mechanical properties 493:523 cartilage mechanical properties 493:523 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 2 72 from changes 459:465 arg1 properties 514:523 cartilage mechanical properties 493:523 cartilage mechanical properties 493:523 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 2 72 from changes 459:465 arg1 composition 480:490 cartilage composition 470:490 cartilage composition 470:490 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 2 72 from changes 459:465 arg1 fluid 539:543 synovial fluid 530:543 synovial fluid 530:543 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 11 73 theme biomechanical 1868:1880 arg1 environments 1882:1893 the biochemical and biomechanical environments 1848:1893 the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint 1848:1906 Together, these findings demonstrate that cartilage MR imaging and synovial fluid biomarkers provide powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint. 28237185 0 74 theme biochemical 90:100 arg1 properties 120:129 the biochemical and biomechanical properties 86:129 the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage 86:142 Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 28237185 4 75 theme relaxation 782:791 arg1 images 796:801 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images 767:801 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images of the condyles 767:817 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images of the condyles were acquired. 28237185 11 76 theme biochemical 1852:1862 arg1 environments 1882:1893 the biochemical and biomechanical environments 1848:1893 the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint 1848:1906 Together, these findings demonstrate that cartilage MR imaging and synovial fluid biomarkers provide powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint. 28237185 0 77 theme biomechanical 106:118 arg1 properties 120:129 the biochemical and biomechanical properties 86:129 the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage 86:142 Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 28237185 2 78 dep times 449:453 arg1 levels 555:560 biomarker levels 545:560 biomarker levels 545:560 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 2 79 theme magnetic 406:413 arg1 MR 426:427 MR 426:427 MR 426:427 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 2 79 theme magnetic 406:413 arg1 resonance 415:423 T1rho magnetic resonance 400:423 T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels 400:560 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 0 80 theme magnetic 27:34 arg1 imaging 46:52 T1rho magnetic resonance imaging 21:52 T1rho magnetic resonance imaging 21:52 Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 28237185 2 81 theme relaxation 438:447 arg1 times 449:453 relaxation times 438:453 relaxation times 438:453 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 4 82 theme Sagittal 767:774 arg1 images 796:801 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images 767:801 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images of the condyles 767:817 Sagittal T1rho relaxation MR images of the condyles were acquired. 28237185 6 83 theme water 1059:1063 arg1 content 1065:1071 water content 1059:1071 water content 1059:1071 Furthermore in these regions, cartilage sGAG content and aggregate modulus decreased, while percent degraded collagen and water content increased. 28237185 7 84 theme C2C 1150:1152 arg1 concentrations 1154:1167 C2C concentrations 1150:1167 C2C concentrations 1150:1167 In OA joints, synovial fluid concentrations of sGAG decreased and C2C concentrations increased compared to healthy joints. 28237185 3 85 theme synovial 696:703 arg1 fluid 705:709 synovial fluid 696:709 synovial fluid 696:709 Femoral condyles and synovial fluid were harvested from healthy and OA porcine knee joints. 28237185 2 86 theme study 351:355 arg1 goals 337:341 The goals 333:341 The goals of this study 333:355 The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relaxation times and changes in cartilage composition, cartilage mechanical properties, and synovial fluid biomarker levels and to demonstrate the application of T1rho imaging to evaluate cartilage composition in human subjects in vivo. 28237185 11 87 dep imaging 1744:1750 arg1 biomarkers 1771:1780 biomarkers 1771:1780 biomarkers 1771:1780 Together, these findings demonstrate that cartilage MR imaging and synovial fluid biomarkers provide powerful non-invasive tools for characterizing changes in the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the joint. 28237185 10 88 theme T1rho 1565:1569 arg1 times 1582:1586 decreased T1rho relaxation times 1555:1586 decreased T1rho relaxation times 1555:1586 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 9 89 theme in 1451:1452 arg1 findings 1460:1467 these in vitro findings 1445:1467 these in vitro findings 1445:1467 Additionally, we demonstrated the application of these in vitro findings to the study of human subjects. 28237185 10 90 from increase 1628:1635 arg1 concentration 1653:1665 proteoglycan concentration 1640:1665 proteoglycan concentration 1640:1665 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 10 91 theme water 1605:1609 arg1 exudation 1611:1619 water exudation 1605:1619 water exudation 1605:1619 Specifically, we demonstrated that walking results in decreased T1rho relaxation times, consistent with water exudation and an increase in proteoglycan concentration with in vivo loading. 28237185 9 92 theme findings 1460:1467 arg1 application 1430:1440 the application 1426:1440 the application of these in vitro findings to the study of human subjects 1426:1498 Additionally, we demonstrated the application of these in vitro findings to the study of human subjects. 28285654 14 0 theme homeostasis 2279:2289 arg1 maintenance 2257:2267 the maintenance 2253:2267 the maintenance of immune homeostasis 2253:2289 CONCLUSION The role of vitamin D in the maintenance of immune homeostasis seems to occur in part by interacting with the gut microbiota. 28285654 2 1 theme systemic 359:366 arg1 inflammation 368:379 systemic inflammation 359:379 systemic inflammation 359:379 There is evidence that its deficiency deteriorates the gut barrier favoring translocation of endotoxins into the circulation and systemic inflammation. 28285654 16 2 with Studies 2552:2558 arg1 design 2577:2582 appropriate design 2565:2582 appropriate design 2565:2582 Studies with appropriate design are necessary to address hypothesis raised in the current study. 28285654 7 3 theme fecal 1121:1125 arg1 microbiota 1127:1136 fecal microbiota 1121:1136 fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) 1121:1169 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 2 4 theme gut 285:287 arg1 barrier 289:295 the gut barrier 281:295 the gut barrier favoring translocation of endotoxins into the circulation and systemic inflammation 281:379 There is evidence that its deficiency deteriorates the gut barrier favoring translocation of endotoxins into the circulation and systemic inflammation. 28285654 11 5 with subset 1645:1650 arg1 intake 1679:1684 the highest vitamin D intake 1657:1684 the highest vitamin D intake (reference) 1657:1696 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 5 with subset 1645:1650 arg1 reference 1687:1695 reference 1687:1695 reference 1687:1695 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 12 6 theme Bifdobacterium 1877:1890 arg1 abundances 1827:1836 abundances 1827:1836 abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) 1827:1910 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 12 6 theme Bifdobacterium 1877:1890 arg1 E-selectin 1792:1801 E-selectin 1792:1801 E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) 1792:1821 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 12 6 theme Bifdobacterium 1877:1890 arg1 PCR 1767:1769 PCR 1767:1769 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039) 1767:1789 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 16 7 theme current 2634:2640 arg1 study 2642:2646 the current study 2630:2646 the current study 2630:2646 Studies with appropriate design are necessary to address hypothesis raised in the current study. 28285654 12 8 dep PCR 1767:1769 arg1 p=0.039 1782:1788 p=0.039 1782:1788 p=0.039 1782:1788 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 14 9 theme D 2248:2248 arg1 role 2232:2235 The role 2228:2235 The role of vitamin D in the maintenance of immune homeostasis 2228:2289 CONCLUSION The role of vitamin D in the maintenance of immune homeostasis seems to occur in part by interacting with the gut microbiota. 28285654 4 10 theme biochemical 689:699 arg1 profile 701:707 biochemical profile 689:707 biochemical profile 689:707 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 12 11 dep Coprococcus 1841:1851 arg1 r=-0.215 1854:1861 r=-0.215 1854:1861 r=-0.215 1854:1861 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 1 12 theme several 182:188 arg1 diseases 190:197 several diseases 182:197 several diseases beyond the skeletal disorders 182:227 BACKGROUND Due to immunomodulatory properties, vitamin D status has been implicated in several diseases beyond the skeletal disorders. 28285654 6 13 theme log2 1002:1005 arg1 log2FC 1021:1026 log2FC 1021:1026 log2FC 1021:1026 The DESeq2 was used for comparisons of microbiota composition and the log2 fold changes (log2FC) represented the comparison against the reference level. 28285654 6 13 theme log2 1002:1005 arg1 changes 1012:1018 the log2 fold changes 998:1018 the log2 fold changes (log2FC) 998:1027 The DESeq2 was used for comparisons of microbiota composition and the log2 fold changes (log2FC) represented the comparison against the reference level. 28285654 4 14 theme microbiota 640:649 arg1 composition 651:661 gut microbiota composition 636:661 gut microbiota composition 636:661 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 7 15 theme 25 1109:1110 arg1 D 1115:1115 25(OH)D 1109:1115 25(OH)D 1109:1115 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 15 16 theme bacterial 2388:2396 arg1 genera 2398:2403 bacterial genera 2388:2403 bacterial genera 2388:2403 The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers suggests that inflammation participate in part in the relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration. 28285654 5 17 theme D 870:870 arg1 concentrations 844:857 concentrations 844:857 concentrations of vitamin D 844:870 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 5 17 theme D 870:870 arg1 intake 833:838 intake 833:838 intake 833:838 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 14 18 from role 2232:2235 arg1 maintenance 2257:2267 the maintenance 2253:2267 the maintenance of immune homeostasis 2253:2289 CONCLUSION The role of vitamin D in the maintenance of immune homeostasis seems to occur in part by interacting with the gut microbiota. 28285654 11 19 dep abundant 1582:1589 arg1 p<0.01 1616:1621 p<0.01 1616:1621 p<0.01 1616:1621 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 19 dep abundant 1582:1589 arg1 log2FC 1592:1597 log2FC -2.92 and -1.46 1592:1613 log2FC 1592:1597 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 19 dep abundant 1582:1589 arg1 -1.46 1609:1613 -1.46 1609:1613 -1.46 1609:1613 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 20 theme first 1738:1742 arg1 tertiles 1756:1763 first plus second tertiles 1738:1763 first plus second tertiles 1738:1763 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 20 theme first 1738:1742 arg1 subset 1730:1735 the other subset 1720:1735 the other subset (first plus second tertiles) 1720:1764 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 4 21 with D 629:629 arg1 composition 651:661 gut microbiota composition 636:661 gut microbiota composition 636:661 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 4 21 with D 629:629 arg1 markers 677:683 inflammatory markers 664:683 inflammatory markers 664:683 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 4 21 with D 629:629 arg1 profile 701:707 biochemical profile 689:707 biochemical profile 689:707 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 1 22 theme skeletal 210:217 arg1 disorders 219:227 the skeletal disorders 206:227 the skeletal disorders 206:227 BACKGROUND Due to immunomodulatory properties, vitamin D status has been implicated in several diseases beyond the skeletal disorders. 28285654 8 23 theme Vitamin 1221:1227 arg1 intake 1231:1236 RESULTS Vitamin D intake 1213:1236 RESULTS Vitamin D intake 1213:1236 RESULTS Vitamin D intake was associated with its concentration (r=0.220, p=0.008). 28285654 6 24 theme microbiota 971:980 arg1 composition 982:992 microbiota composition 971:992 microbiota composition 971:992 The DESeq2 was used for comparisons of microbiota composition and the log2 fold changes (log2FC) represented the comparison against the reference level. 28285654 12 25 theme 25 1943:1944 arg1 D 1949:1949 25(OH)D 1943:1949 25(OH)D 1943:1949 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 1 26 theme immunomodulatory 113:128 arg1 properties 130:139 immunomodulatory properties 113:139 immunomodulatory properties 113:139 BACKGROUND Due to immunomodulatory properties, vitamin D status has been implicated in several diseases beyond the skeletal disorders. 28285654 11 27 from subset 1645:1650 arg1 abundant 1582:1589 abundant 1582:1589 abundant 1582:1589 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 1 28 dep BACKGROUND 95:104 arg1 implicated 168:177 implicated 168:177 has been implicated in several diseases beyond the skeletal disorders 159:227 BACKGROUND Due to immunomodulatory properties, vitamin D status has been implicated in several diseases beyond the skeletal disorders. 28285654 13 29 from models 2209:2214 arg1 addition 2158:2165 the addition 2154:2165 the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models 2154:2214 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 11 30 theme vitamin 1669:1675 arg1 intake 1679:1684 the highest vitamin D intake 1657:1684 the highest vitamin D intake (reference) 1657:1696 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 30 theme vitamin 1669:1675 arg1 reference 1687:1695 reference 1687:1695 reference 1687:1695 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 5 31 theme healthy 785:791 arg1 adults 793:798 150 young healthy adults 775:798 150 young healthy adults 775:798 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 1 32 theme D 150:150 arg1 status 152:157 vitamin D status 142:157 vitamin D status 142:157 BACKGROUND Due to immunomodulatory properties, vitamin D status has been implicated in several diseases beyond the skeletal disorders. 28285654 13 33 dep Coprococcus 2043:2053 arg1 β=-9.414 2056:2063 β=-9.414 2056:2063 β=-9.414 2056:2063 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 13 34 dep Bifdobacterium 2079:2092 arg1 p=0.051 2105:2111 p=0.051 2105:2111 p=0.051 2105:2111 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 13 34 dep Bifdobacterium 2079:2092 arg1 β=-1.881 2095:2102 β=-1.881 2095:2102 β=-1.881 2095:2102 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 7 35 theme linear 1194:1199 arg1 regression 1201:1210 multiple linear regression 1185:1210 multiple linear regression 1185:1210 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 8 36 dep concentration 1262:1274 arg1 r=0.220 1277:1283 r=0.220 1277:1283 r=0.220 1277:1283 RESULTS Vitamin D intake was associated with its concentration (r=0.220, p=0.008). 28285654 14 37 theme gut 2338:2340 arg1 microbiota 2342:2351 the gut microbiota 2334:2351 the gut microbiota 2334:2351 CONCLUSION The role of vitamin D in the maintenance of immune homeostasis seems to occur in part by interacting with the gut microbiota. 28285654 0 38 from role 54:57 arg1 individuals 82:92 normal individuals 75:92 normal individuals 75:92 Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals. 28285654 3 39 theme metabolic 461:469 arg1 disorders 471:479 metabolic disorders 461:479 metabolic disorders 461:479 Few studies investigated whether the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disorders would be mediated by the gut microbiota composition. 28285654 4 40 from levels 613:618 arg1 individuals 720:730 healthy individuals 712:730 healthy individuals 712:730 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 0 41 theme D 70:70 arg1 role 54:57 the immunomodulatory role 33:57 the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals 33:92 Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals. 28285654 0 42 theme Gut 0:2 arg1 interactions 15:26 Gut microbiota interactions 0:26 Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals 0:92 Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals. 28285654 9 43 theme significant 1310:1320 arg1 differences 1322:1332 no significant differences 1307:1332 no significant differences in clinical and inflammatory variables across tertiles of intake 1307:1397 There were no significant differences in clinical and inflammatory variables across tertiles of intake. 28285654 9 44 from differences 1322:1332 arg1 variables 1363:1371 clinical and inflammatory variables 1337:1371 clinical and inflammatory variables 1337:1371 There were no significant differences in clinical and inflammatory variables across tertiles of intake. 28285654 4 45 theme D 588:588 arg1 intake 590:595 vitamin D intake 580:595 vitamin D intake 580:595 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 12 46 dep Bifdobacterium 1877:1890 arg1 r=-0.269 1893:1900 r=-0.269 1893:1900 r=-0.269 1893:1900 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 12 46 dep Bifdobacterium 1877:1890 arg1 p=0.001 1903:1909 p=0.001 1903:1909 p=0.001 1903:1909 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 5 47 theme concentrations 844:857 arg1 tertiles 821:828 tertiles 821:828 tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D 821:870 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 5 47 theme concentrations 844:857 arg1 profiles 908:915 their clinical and inflammatory profiles 876:915 their clinical and inflammatory profiles 876:915 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 3 48 theme vitamin 440:446 arg1 status 450:455 vitamin D status 440:455 vitamin D status 440:455 Few studies investigated whether the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disorders would be mediated by the gut microbiota composition. 28285654 13 49 from markers 2183:2189 arg1 models 2209:2214 the regression models 2194:2214 the regression models 2194:2214 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 15 50 theme vitamin 2527:2533 arg1 D 2535:2535 vitamin D 2527:2535 vitamin D 2527:2535 The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers suggests that inflammation participate in part in the relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration. 28285654 13 51 theme markers 2183:2189 arg1 addition 2158:2165 the addition 2154:2165 the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models 2154:2214 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 0 52 theme vitamin 62:68 arg1 D 70:70 vitamin D 62:70 vitamin D 62:70 Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals. 28285654 0 53 with interactions 15:26 arg1 role 54:57 the immunomodulatory role 33:57 the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals 33:92 Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals. 28285654 3 54 theme microbiota 510:519 arg1 composition 521:531 the gut microbiota composition 502:531 the gut microbiota composition 502:531 Few studies investigated whether the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disorders would be mediated by the gut microbiota composition. 28285654 7 55 theme rRNA 1143:1146 arg1 sequencing 1148:1157 16S rRNA sequencing 1139:1157 16S rRNA sequencing 1139:1157 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 7 55 theme rRNA 1143:1146 arg1 region 1163:1168 V4 region 1160:1168 V4 region 1160:1168 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 4 56 dep OBJECTIVE 534:542 arg1 examined 547:554 examined 547:554 examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals 547:730 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 11 57 theme highest 1661:1667 arg1 intake 1679:1684 the highest vitamin D intake 1657:1684 the highest vitamin D intake (reference) 1657:1696 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 57 theme highest 1661:1667 arg1 reference 1687:1695 reference 1687:1695 reference 1687:1695 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 58 theme second 1749:1754 arg1 tertiles 1756:1763 first plus second tertiles 1738:1763 first plus second tertiles 1738:1763 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 58 theme second 1749:1754 arg1 subset 1730:1735 the other subset 1720:1735 the other subset (first plus second tertiles) 1720:1764 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 8 59 theme D 1229:1229 arg1 intake 1231:1236 RESULTS Vitamin D intake 1213:1236 RESULTS Vitamin D intake 1213:1236 RESULTS Vitamin D intake was associated with its concentration (r=0.220, p=0.008). 28285654 9 60 theme intake 1392:1397 arg1 tertiles 1380:1387 tertiles 1380:1387 tertiles of intake 1380:1397 There were no significant differences in clinical and inflammatory variables across tertiles of intake. 28285654 15 61 theme gut 2508:2510 arg1 microbiota 2512:2521 gut microbiota 2508:2521 gut microbiota 2508:2521 The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers suggests that inflammation participate in part in the relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration. 28285654 4 62 theme D 629:629 arg1 intake 590:595 vitamin D intake 580:595 vitamin D intake 580:595 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 4 62 theme D 629:629 arg1 levels 613:618 circulating levels 601:618 circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals 601:730 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 14 63 theme immune 2272:2277 arg1 homeostasis 2279:2289 immune homeostasis 2272:2289 immune homeostasis 2272:2289 CONCLUSION The role of vitamin D in the maintenance of immune homeostasis seems to occur in part by interacting with the gut microbiota. 28285654 4 64 theme 25 623:624 arg1 D 629:629 25(OH)D 623:629 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile 623:707 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 5 65 theme clinical 882:889 arg1 profiles 908:915 their clinical and inflammatory profiles 876:915 their clinical and inflammatory profiles 876:915 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 15 66 theme microbiota 2512:2521 arg1 concentration 2537:2549 the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration 2504:2549 the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration 2504:2549 The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers suggests that inflammation participate in part in the relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration. 28285654 4 67 theme inflammatory 664:675 arg1 markers 677:683 inflammatory markers 664:683 inflammatory markers 664:683 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 12 68 dep E-selectin 1792:1801 arg1 p=0.007 1814:1820 p=0.007 1814:1820 p=0.007 1814:1820 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 2 69 theme endotoxins 323:332 arg1 translocation 306:318 translocation 306:318 translocation of endotoxins into the circulation and systemic inflammation 306:379 There is evidence that its deficiency deteriorates the gut barrier favoring translocation of endotoxins into the circulation and systemic inflammation. 28285654 5 70 theme inflammatory 895:906 arg1 profiles 908:915 their clinical and inflammatory profiles 876:915 their clinical and inflammatory profiles 876:915 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 12 71 theme Coprococcus 1841:1851 arg1 abundances 1827:1836 abundances 1827:1836 abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) 1827:1910 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 12 71 theme Coprococcus 1841:1851 arg1 E-selectin 1792:1801 E-selectin 1792:1801 E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) 1792:1821 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 12 71 theme Coprococcus 1841:1851 arg1 PCR 1767:1769 PCR 1767:1769 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039) 1767:1789 PCR (r=-0.170, p=0.039), E-selectin (r=-0.220, p=0.007) and abundances of Coprococcus (r=-0.215, p=0.008) and Bifdobacterium (r=-0.269, p=0.001) were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D. 28285654 6 72 theme fold 1007:1010 arg1 log2FC 1021:1026 log2FC 1021:1026 log2FC 1021:1026 The DESeq2 was used for comparisons of microbiota composition and the log2 fold changes (log2FC) represented the comparison against the reference level. 28285654 6 72 theme fold 1007:1010 arg1 changes 1012:1018 the log2 fold changes 998:1018 the log2 fold changes (log2FC) 998:1027 The DESeq2 was used for comparisons of microbiota composition and the log2 fold changes (log2FC) represented the comparison against the reference level. 28285654 7 73 dep microbiota 1127:1136 arg1 sequencing 1148:1157 16S rRNA sequencing 1139:1157 16S rRNA sequencing 1139:1157 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 7 73 dep microbiota 1127:1136 arg1 region 1163:1168 V4 region 1160:1168 V4 region 1160:1168 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 11 74 theme other 1724:1728 arg1 tertiles 1756:1763 first plus second tertiles 1738:1763 first plus second tertiles 1738:1763 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 74 theme other 1724:1728 arg1 subset 1730:1735 the other subset 1720:1735 the other subset (first plus second tertiles) 1720:1764 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 15 75 theme inflammatory 2408:2419 arg1 markers 2421:2427 inflammatory markers 2408:2427 inflammatory markers 2408:2427 The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers suggests that inflammation participate in part in the relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration. 28285654 5 76 theme vitamin 862:868 arg1 D 870:870 vitamin D 862:870 vitamin D 862:870 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 4 77 theme gut 636:638 arg1 composition 651:661 gut microbiota composition 636:661 gut microbiota composition 636:661 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 11 78 from abundant 1582:1589 arg1 subset 1645:1650 the subset 1641:1650 the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) 1641:1696 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 6 79 theme composition 982:992 arg1 comparisons 956:966 comparisons 956:966 comparisons of microbiota composition 956:992 The DESeq2 was used for comparisons of microbiota composition and the log2 fold changes (log2FC) represented the comparison against the reference level. 28285654 7 80 theme multiple 1185:1192 arg1 regression 1201:1210 multiple linear regression 1185:1210 multiple linear regression 1185:1210 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 8 81 theme RESULTS 1213:1219 arg1 intake 1231:1236 RESULTS Vitamin D intake 1213:1236 RESULTS Vitamin D intake 1213:1236 RESULTS Vitamin D intake was associated with its concentration (r=0.220, p=0.008). 28285654 14 82 dep CONCLUSION 2217:2226 arg1 seems 2291:2295 seems 2291:2295 seems to occur in part by interacting with the gut microbiota 2291:2351 CONCLUSION The role of vitamin D in the maintenance of immune homeostasis seems to occur in part by interacting with the gut microbiota. 28285654 7 83 theme V4 1160:1161 arg1 sequencing 1148:1157 16S rRNA sequencing 1139:1157 16S rRNA sequencing 1139:1157 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 7 83 theme V4 1160:1161 arg1 region 1163:1168 V4 region 1160:1168 V4 region 1160:1168 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 5 84 theme young 779:783 arg1 adults 793:798 150 young healthy adults 775:798 150 young healthy adults 775:798 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 1 85 theme vitamin 142:148 arg1 status 152:157 vitamin D status 142:157 vitamin D status 142:157 BACKGROUND Due to immunomodulatory properties, vitamin D status has been implicated in several diseases beyond the skeletal disorders. 28285654 11 86 theme D 1677:1677 arg1 intake 1679:1684 the highest vitamin D intake 1657:1684 the highest vitamin D intake (reference) 1657:1696 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 86 theme D 1677:1677 arg1 reference 1687:1695 reference 1687:1695 reference 1687:1695 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 0 87 theme normal 75:80 arg1 individuals 82:92 normal individuals 75:92 normal individuals 75:92 Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals. 28285654 5 88 dep METHODS 733:739 arg1 stratified 805:814 stratified 805:814 were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles 800:915 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 4 89 theme healthy 712:718 arg1 individuals 720:730 healthy individuals 712:730 healthy individuals 712:730 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 5 90 theme cross-sectional 749:763 arg1 analysis 765:772 this cross-sectional analysis 744:772 this cross-sectional analysis 744:772 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 3 91 theme Few 382:384 arg1 studies 386:392 Few studies 382:392 Few studies 382:392 Few studies investigated whether the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disorders would be mediated by the gut microbiota composition. 28285654 13 92 from addition 2158:2165 arg1 models 2209:2214 the regression models 2194:2214 the regression models 2194:2214 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 6 93 used used 947:950 arg2 DESeq2 936:941 The DESeq2 932:941 The DESeq2 932:941 The DESeq2 was used for comparisons of microbiota composition and the log2 fold changes (log2FC) represented the comparison against the reference level. 28285654 15 94 dep microbiota 2512:2521 arg1 the 2504:2506 the 2504:2506 the 2504:2506 The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers suggests that inflammation participate in part in the relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration. 28285654 0 95 theme microbiota 4:13 arg1 interactions 15:26 Gut microbiota interactions 0:26 Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals 0:92 Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals. 28285654 13 96 theme regression 2198:2207 arg1 models 2209:2214 the regression models 2194:2214 the regression models 2194:2214 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 13 97 dep maintained 2006:2015 arg1 associated 2027:2036 associated 2027:2036 maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051) 2006:2112 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 10 98 theme 25 1461:1462 arg1 D 1467:1467 25(OH)D 1461:1467 25(OH)D (p-trend <0.05) 1461:1483 However, lipopolysaccharides increased with the reduction of 25(OH)D (p-trend <0.05). 28285654 10 98 theme 25 1461:1462 arg1 <0.05 1478:1482 p-trend <0.05 1470:1482 p-trend <0.05 1470:1482 However, lipopolysaccharides increased with the reduction of 25(OH)D (p-trend <0.05). 28285654 4 99 from intake 590:595 arg1 individuals 720:730 healthy individuals 712:730 healthy individuals 712:730 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 16 100 theme appropriate 2565:2575 arg1 design 2577:2582 appropriate design 2565:2582 appropriate design 2565:2582 Studies with appropriate design are necessary to address hypothesis raised in the current study. 28285654 4 101 theme circulating 601:611 arg1 levels 613:618 circulating levels 601:618 circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals 601:730 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 10 102 theme p-trend 1470:1476 arg1 D 1467:1467 25(OH)D 1461:1467 25(OH)D (p-trend <0.05) 1461:1483 However, lipopolysaccharides increased with the reduction of 25(OH)D (p-trend <0.05). 28285654 10 102 theme p-trend 1470:1476 arg1 <0.05 1478:1482 p-trend <0.05 1470:1482 p-trend <0.05 1470:1482 However, lipopolysaccharides increased with the reduction of 25(OH)D (p-trend <0.05). 28285654 15 103 theme genera 2398:2403 arg1 association 2373:2383 association 2373:2383 association of bacterial genera 2373:2403 The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers suggests that inflammation participate in part in the relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration. 28285654 0 104 theme immunomodulatory 37:52 arg1 role 54:57 the immunomodulatory role 33:57 the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals 33:92 Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals. 28285654 9 105 theme clinical 1337:1344 arg1 variables 1363:1371 clinical and inflammatory variables 1337:1371 clinical and inflammatory variables 1337:1371 There were no significant differences in clinical and inflammatory variables across tertiles of intake. 28285654 13 106 theme inflammatory 2170:2181 arg1 markers 2183:2189 inflammatory markers 2170:2189 inflammatory markers in the regression models 2170:2214 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 6 107 theme reference 1068:1076 arg1 level 1078:1082 the reference level 1064:1082 the reference level 1064:1082 The DESeq2 was used for comparisons of microbiota composition and the log2 fold changes (log2FC) represented the comparison against the reference level. 28285654 3 108 theme D 448:448 arg1 status 450:455 vitamin D status 440:455 vitamin D status 440:455 Few studies investigated whether the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disorders would be mediated by the gut microbiota composition. 28285654 10 109 theme D 1467:1467 arg1 reduction 1448:1456 the reduction 1444:1456 the reduction of 25(OH)D (p-trend <0.05) 1444:1483 However, lipopolysaccharides increased with the reduction of 25(OH)D (p-trend <0.05). 28285654 13 110 theme 25 1998:1999 arg1 D 2004:2004 25(OH)D 1998:2004 25(OH)D 1998:2004 After adjusting for age, sex, season and BMI, 25(OH)D maintained inversely associated with Coprococcus (β=-9.414, p=0.045) and Bifdobacterium (β=-1.881, p=0.051), but significance disappeared following the addition of inflammatory markers in the regression models. 28285654 14 111 theme vitamin 2240:2246 arg1 D 2248:2248 vitamin D 2240:2248 vitamin D 2240:2248 CONCLUSION The role of vitamin D in the maintenance of immune homeostasis seems to occur in part by interacting with the gut microbiota. 28285654 15 112 theme D 2535:2535 arg1 concentration 2537:2549 the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration 2504:2549 the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration 2504:2549 The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers suggests that inflammation participate in part in the relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration. 28285654 7 113 theme 16S 1139:1141 arg1 sequencing 1148:1157 16S rRNA sequencing 1139:1157 16S rRNA sequencing 1139:1157 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 7 113 theme 16S 1139:1141 arg1 region 1163:1168 V4 region 1160:1168 V4 region 1160:1168 The association between 25(OH)D and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing, V4 region) was tested by multiple linear regression. 28285654 9 114 theme inflammatory 1350:1361 arg1 variables 1363:1371 clinical and inflammatory variables 1337:1371 clinical and inflammatory variables 1337:1371 There were no significant differences in clinical and inflammatory variables across tertiles of intake. 28285654 4 115 theme vitamin 580:586 arg1 intake 590:595 vitamin D intake 580:595 vitamin D intake 580:595 OBJECTIVE We examined the association between vitamin D intake and circulating levels of 25(OH)D with gut microbiota composition, inflammatory markers and biochemical profile in healthy individuals. 28285654 15 116 theme association 2373:2383 arg1 attenuation 2358:2368 The attenuation 2354:2368 The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers 2354:2427 The attenuation of association of bacterial genera by inflammatory markers suggests that inflammation participate in part in the relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin D concentration. 28285654 11 117 dep abundant 1506:1513 arg1 log2FC 1516:1521 log2FC 1.67 1516:1526 log2FC 1.67 1516:1526 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 11 117 dep abundant 1506:1513 arg1 p<0.01 1529:1534 p<0.01 1529:1534 p<0.01 1529:1534 Prevotella was more abundant (log2FC 1.67, p<0.01), while Haemophilus and Veillonella were less abundant (log2FC -2.92 and -1.46, p<0.01, respectively) in the subset with the highest vitamin D intake (reference) than that observed in the other subset (first plus second tertiles). 28285654 3 118 theme gut 506:508 arg1 composition 521:531 the gut microbiota composition 502:531 the gut microbiota composition 502:531 Few studies investigated whether the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disorders would be mediated by the gut microbiota composition. 28285654 5 119 theme intake 833:838 arg1 tertiles 821:828 tertiles 821:828 tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D 821:870 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 28285654 5 119 theme intake 833:838 arg1 profiles 908:915 their clinical and inflammatory profiles 876:915 their clinical and inflammatory profiles 876:915 METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, 150 young healthy adults were stratified into tertiles of intake and concentrations of vitamin D and their clinical and inflammatory profiles were compared. 26506541 4 0 theme % 745:745 arg1 straw 753:757 5% wheat straw 744:757 5% wheat straw 744:757 Treatments consisted of (DM basis) 75% CS, 20% concentrate, and 5% wheat straw. 26506541 8 1 theme DM 1297:1298 arg1 digestibility 1280:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1259:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) 1259:1396 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 1 2 theme dairy 238:242 arg1 cows 244:247 dairy cows 238:247 dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets 238:286 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 2 3 theme % 422:422 arg1 DM 424:425 40% DM 420:425 40% DM; CS40 420:431 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 9 4 theme ruminal 1458:1464 arg1 pH 1466:1467 ruminal pH 1458:1467 ruminal pH 1458:1467 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 16 5 theme corn 2570:2573 arg1 maturity 2546:2553 maturity 2546:2553 maturity of whole-plant corn 2546:2573 Increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest may offer an effective strategy to decrease CH4 losses with feeding CS without negatively affecting cow performance. 26506541 8 6 theme organic 1301:1307 arg1 matter 1309:1314 organic matter 1301:1314 organic matter 1301:1314 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 10 7 theme n-6 1668:1670 arg1 ratio 1676:1680 the n-6:n-3 ratio 1664:1680 the n-6:n-3 ratio 1664:1680 The concentration of C18:3n-3 in milk fat decreased linearly, and the concentration of C18:2n-6 and the n-6:n-3 ratio increased linearly with maturity. 26506541 14 8 theme energy 2322:2327 arg1 Intake 2291:2296 Intake 2291:2296 Intake of GE and metabolizable energy, and energy retained, all expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, 2291:2398 Intake of GE and metabolizable energy, and energy retained, all expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, did not differ among treatments. 26506541 1 9 theme corn 259:262 arg1 CS 272:273 CS 272:273 CS 272:273 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 1 9 theme corn 259:262 arg1 silage 264:269 corn silage 259:269 corn silage (CS) 259:274 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 9 10 theme fatty 1479:1483 arg1 acids 1485:1489 volatile fatty acids 1470:1489 volatile fatty acids 1470:1489 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 5 11 theme DM 1046:1047 arg1 g/kg 1038:1041 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg 1012:1041 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM 1012:1047 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 8 12 theme protein 1323:1329 arg1 digestibility 1280:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1259:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) 1259:1396 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 1 13 theme maturity 178:185 arg1 effects 156:162 the effects 152:162 the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets 152:286 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 15 14 theme N/N 2473:2475 arg1 intake 2477:2482 milk N/N intake 2468:2482 milk N/N intake 2468:2482 Nitrogen intake, N use efficiency (milk N/N intake), and N balance were not influenced by treatments. 26506541 15 14 theme N/N 2473:2475 arg1 efficiency 2456:2465 N use efficiency 2450:2465 N use efficiency (milk N/N intake) 2450:2483 Nitrogen intake, N use efficiency (milk N/N intake), and N balance were not influenced by treatments. 26506541 5 15 from period 889:894 arg1 chambers 919:926 climate respiration chambers 899:926 climate respiration chambers 899:926 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 5 16 theme Feed 760:763 arg1 intake 765:770 Feed intake 760:770 Feed intake 760:770 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 8 17 theme neutral 1332:1338 arg1 fiber 1350:1354 neutral detergent fiber 1332:1354 neutral detergent fiber 1332:1354 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 1 18 theme whole-plant 190:200 arg1 corn 202:205 whole-plant corn 190:205 whole-plant corn 190:205 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 9 19 theme ammonia 1496:1502 arg1 concentrations 1504:1517 ammonia concentrations 1496:1517 ammonia concentrations 1496:1517 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 8 20 theme fiber 1350:1354 arg1 digestibility 1280:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1259:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) 1259:1396 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 15 21 theme use 2452:2454 arg1 intake 2477:2482 milk N/N intake 2468:2482 milk N/N intake 2468:2482 Nitrogen intake, N use efficiency (milk N/N intake), and N balance were not influenced by treatments. 26506541 15 21 theme use 2452:2454 arg1 efficiency 2456:2465 N use efficiency 2450:2465 N use efficiency (milk N/N intake) 2450:2483 Nitrogen intake, N use efficiency (milk N/N intake), and N balance were not influenced by treatments. 26506541 16 22 theme cow 2686:2688 arg1 performance 2690:2700 cow performance 2686:2700 cow performance 2686:2700 Increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest may offer an effective strategy to decrease CH4 losses with feeding CS without negatively affecting cow performance. 26506541 3 23 theme rumen 554:558 arg1 cannula 560:566 rumen cannula 554:566 rumen cannula 554:566 In a randomized block design, 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, of which 8 were fitted with rumen cannula, received 1 of 4 dietary treatments designated as T25, T28, T32, and T40 to reflect the DM contents at harvest. 26506541 8 24 theme crude 1357:1361 arg1 fat 1363:1365 crude fat 1357:1365 crude fat 1357:1365 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 12 25 theme Methane 1859:1865 arg1 production 1867:1876 Methane production 1859:1876 Methane production relative to DMI (21.7, 23.0, 21.0, and 20.1g/kg) and relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) 1859:2039 Methane production relative to DMI (21.7, 23.0, 21.0, and 20.1g/kg) and relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 9 26 theme volatile 1524:1531 arg1 acids 1539:1543 volatile fatty acids 1524:1543 volatile fatty acids 1524:1543 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 13 27 dep decrease 2148:2155 arg1 13.0 2181:2184 13.0 2181:2184 13.0 2181:2184 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 13 27 dep decrease 2148:2155 arg1 milk 2242:2245 fat- and protein-corrected milk 2215:2245 fat- and protein-corrected milk 2215:2245 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 13 27 dep decrease 2148:2155 arg1 13.2 2193:2196 13.2 2193:2196 13.2 2193:2196 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 13 27 dep decrease 2148:2155 arg1 12.1g/kg 2203:2210 12.1g/kg 2203:2210 12.1g/kg 2203:2210 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 13 27 dep decrease 2148:2155 arg1 13.4 2187:2190 13.4 2187:2190 13.4 2187:2190 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 1 28 theme study 127:131 arg1 objective 109:117 The objective 105:117 The objective of this study 105:131 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 12 29 dep MJ/MJ 1985:1989 arg1 T32 2013:2015 T32 2013:2015 T32 2013:2015 Methane production relative to DMI (21.7, 23.0, 21.0, and 20.1g/kg) and relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 12 29 dep MJ/MJ 1985:1989 arg1 T40 2022:2024 T40 2022:2024 T40 2022:2024 Methane production relative to DMI (21.7, 23.0, 21.0, and 20.1g/kg) and relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 12 29 dep MJ/MJ 1985:1989 arg1 T28 2008:2010 T28 2008:2010 T28 2008:2010 Methane production relative to DMI (21.7, 23.0, 21.0, and 20.1g/kg) and relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 12 29 dep MJ/MJ 1985:1989 arg1 values 1992:1997 values 1992:1997 values for T25 1992:2005 Methane production relative to DMI (21.7, 23.0, 21.0, and 20.1g/kg) and relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 11 30 theme saturated 1760:1768 arg1 concentration 1781:1793 total saturated fatty acid concentration 1754:1793 total saturated fatty acid concentration 1754:1793 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 12 31 theme relative 1878:1885 arg1 production 1867:1876 Methane production 1859:1876 Methane production relative to DMI (21.7, 23.0, 21.0, and 20.1g/kg) and relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) 1859:2039 Methane production relative to DMI (21.7, 23.0, 21.0, and 20.1g/kg) and relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 7 32 dep CS40 1253:1256 arg1 to 1250:1251 to 1250:1251 to 1250:1251 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch decreased linearly from 0.098 to 0.059/h as maturity increased from CS25 to CS40. 26506541 0 33 theme methane 63:69 arg1 emission 71:78 methane emission 63:78 methane emission of lactating dairy cows 63:102 Increasing harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage reduces methane emission of lactating dairy cows. 26506541 12 34 dep intake 1946:1951 arg1 MJ/MJ 1985:1989 0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ 1954:1989 0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ 1954:1989 Methane production relative to DMI (21.7, 23.0, 21.0, and 20.1g/kg) and relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 11 35 from concentration 1832:1844 arg1 fat 1854:1856 milk fat 1849:1856 milk fat 1849:1856 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 1 36 from effects 156:162 arg1 harvest 210:216 harvest 210:216 harvest 210:216 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 1 36 from effects 156:162 arg1 emissions 225:233 CH4 emissions 221:233 CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets 221:286 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 5 37 theme energy 821:826 arg1 balance 834:840 energy and N balance 821:840 balance 834:840 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 8 38 theme gross 1380:1384 arg1 energy 1386:1391 gross energy 1380:1391 gross energy (GE) 1380:1396 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 8 38 theme gross 1380:1384 arg1 GE 1394:1395 GE 1394:1395 GE 1394:1395 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 2 39 theme % 397:397 arg1 DM 399:400 32% DM 395:400 32% DM; CS32 395:406 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 16 40 theme CH4 2630:2632 arg1 losses 2634:2639 CH4 losses 2630:2639 CH4 losses 2630:2639 Increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest may offer an effective strategy to decrease CH4 losses with feeding CS without negatively affecting cow performance. 26506541 0 41 theme dairy 93:97 arg1 cows 99:102 lactating dairy cows 83:102 lactating dairy cows 83:102 Increasing harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage reduces methane emission of lactating dairy cows. 26506541 13 42 theme milk 2242:2245 arg1 13.0 2181:2184 13.0 2181:2184 13.0 2181:2184 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 13 42 theme milk 2242:2245 arg1 milk 2242:2245 fat- and protein-corrected milk 2215:2245 fat- and protein-corrected milk 2215:2245 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 16 43 theme effective 2599:2607 arg1 strategy 2609:2616 an effective strategy 2596:2616 an effective strategy to decrease CH4 losses with feeding CS without negatively affecting cow performance 2596:2700 Increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest may offer an effective strategy to decrease CH4 losses with feeding CS without negatively affecting cow performance. 26506541 3 44 theme DM 656:657 arg1 contents 659:666 the DM contents 652:666 the DM contents 652:666 In a randomized block design, 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, of which 8 were fitted with rumen cannula, received 1 of 4 dietary treatments designated as T25, T28, T32, and T40 to reflect the DM contents at harvest. 26506541 7 45 theme degradation 1150:1160 arg1 rate 1162:1165 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate 1123:1165 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch 1123:1175 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch decreased linearly from 0.098 to 0.059/h as maturity increased from CS25 to CS40. 26506541 4 46 theme DM 705:706 arg1 basis 708:712 DM basis 705:712 DM basis 705:712 Treatments consisted of (DM basis) 75% CS, 20% concentrate, and 5% wheat straw. 26506541 4 46 theme DM 705:706 arg1 % 717:717 75% CS 715:720 75% CS 715:720 Treatments consisted of (DM basis) 75% CS, 20% concentrate, and 5% wheat straw. 26506541 11 47 theme acid 1827:1830 arg1 concentration 1832:1844 total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration 1799:1844 total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration 1799:1844 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 2 48 theme maturity 443:450 arg1 stage 434:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage 323:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity 323:450 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 2 49 theme matter 345:350 arg1 DM 353:354 [25% dry matter (DM); CS25] 336:362 [25% dry matter (DM); CS25] 336:362 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 13 50 theme CH4 2081:2083 arg1 emission 2085:2092 CH4 emission 2081:2092 CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk 2081:2136 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 2 51 theme early 365:369 arg1 stage 434:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage 323:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity 323:450 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 1 52 dep based 276:280 arg1 CS 272:273 CS 272:273 CS 272:273 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 1 52 dep based 276:280 arg1 silage 264:269 corn silage 259:269 corn silage (CS) 259:274 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 2 53 theme % 339:339 arg1 DM 353:354 [25% dry matter (DM); CS25] 336:362 [25% dry matter (DM); CS25] 336:362 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 14 54 theme body 2387:2390 arg1 weight 2392:2397 metabolic body weight 2377:2397 metabolic body weight 2377:2397 Intake of GE and metabolizable energy, and energy retained, all expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, did not differ among treatments. 26506541 5 55 theme CH4 847:849 arg1 production 851:860 CH4 production 847:860 CH4 production 847:860 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 16 56 theme whole-plant 2558:2568 arg1 corn 2570:2573 whole-plant corn 2558:2573 whole-plant corn 2558:2573 Increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest may offer an effective strategy to decrease CH4 losses with feeding CS without negatively affecting cow performance. 26506541 4 57 theme 5 744:744 arg1 % 745:745 % 745:745 % 745:745 Treatments consisted of (DM basis) 75% CS, 20% concentrate, and 5% wheat straw. 26506541 5 58 theme Corn 970:973 arg1 content 989:995 Corn silage starch content 970:995 Corn silage starch content 970:995 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 9 59 theme acids 1539:1543 arg1 proportions 1551:1561 ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions 1458:1561 ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions 1458:1561 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 2 60 dep medium 387:392 arg1 DM 399:400 32% DM 395:400 32% DM; CS32 395:406 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 11 61 from concentration 1781:1793 arg1 fat 1854:1856 milk fat 1849:1856 milk fat 1849:1856 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 5 62 theme starch 982:987 arg1 content 989:995 Corn silage starch content 970:995 Corn silage starch content 970:995 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 2 63 theme DM 353:354 arg1 stage 434:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage 323:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity 323:450 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 0 64 theme whole-plant 31:41 arg1 silage 48:53 whole-plant corn silage 31:53 whole-plant corn silage 31:53 Increasing harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage reduces methane emission of lactating dairy cows. 26506541 5 65 theme N 832:832 arg1 balance 834:840 energy and N balance 821:840 balance 834:840 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 4 66 theme CS 719:720 arg1 basis 708:712 DM basis 705:712 DM basis 705:712 Treatments consisted of (DM basis) 75% CS, 20% concentrate, and 5% wheat straw. 26506541 4 66 theme CS 719:720 arg1 % 717:717 75% CS 715:720 75% CS 715:720 Treatments consisted of (DM basis) 75% CS, 20% concentrate, and 5% wheat straw. 26506541 15 67 theme N 2490:2490 arg1 balance 2492:2498 N balance 2490:2498 N balance 2490:2498 Nitrogen intake, N use efficiency (milk N/N intake), and N balance were not influenced by treatments. 26506541 2 68 theme 28 372:373 arg1 % 374:374 % 374:374 % 374:374 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 12 69 theme relative 1931:1938 arg1 intake 1946:1951 relative to GE intake 1931:1951 relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) 1931:2039 Methane production relative to DMI (21.7, 23.0, 21.0, and 20.1g/kg) and relative to GE intake (0.063, 0.067, 0.063, and 0.060 MJ/MJ; values for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 13 70 theme relative 2094:2101 arg1 emission 2085:2092 CH4 emission 2081:2092 CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk 2081:2136 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 0 71 theme silage 48:53 arg1 maturity 19:26 harvest maturity 11:26 harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage 11:53 Increasing harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage reduces methane emission of lactating dairy cows. 26506541 15 72 theme Nitrogen 2433:2440 arg1 intake 2442:2447 Nitrogen intake 2433:2447 Nitrogen intake 2433:2447 Nitrogen intake, N use efficiency (milk N/N intake), and N balance were not influenced by treatments. 26506541 6 73 theme milk 1093:1096 arg1 yield 1098:1102 milk yield 1093:1102 milk yield 1093:1102 Treatments did not affect DM intake (DMI), milk yield, or milk contents. 26506541 11 74 theme monounsaturated 1805:1819 arg1 acid 1827:1830 monounsaturated fatty acid 1805:1830 total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration 1799:1844 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 11 75 theme milk 1849:1852 arg1 fat 1854:1856 milk fat 1849:1856 milk fat 1849:1856 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 3 76 theme block 469:473 arg1 design 475:480 a randomized block design 456:480 a randomized block design 456:480 In a randomized block design, 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, of which 8 were fitted with rumen cannula, received 1 of 4 dietary treatments designated as T25, T28, T32, and T40 to reflect the DM contents at harvest. 26506541 5 77 theme CS25 1017:1020 arg1 g/kg 1038:1041 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg 1012:1041 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM 1012:1047 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 2 78 theme early 330:334 arg1 stage 434:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage 323:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity 323:450 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 5 79 theme respiration 907:917 arg1 chambers 919:926 climate respiration chambers 899:926 climate respiration chambers 899:926 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 11 80 theme quadratic 1718:1726 arg1 response 1728:1735 A quadratic response 1716:1735 A quadratic response 1716:1735 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 5 81 dep d. 967:968 arg1 varied 997:1002 varied 997:1002 varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM 997:1047 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 4 82 theme wheat 747:751 arg1 straw 753:757 5% wheat straw 744:757 5% wheat straw 744:757 Treatments consisted of (DM basis) 75% CS, 20% concentrate, and 5% wheat straw. 26506541 3 83 theme dairy 514:518 arg1 cows 520:523 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows 483:523 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows 483:523 In a randomized block design, 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, of which 8 were fitted with rumen cannula, received 1 of 4 dietary treatments designated as T25, T28, T32, and T40 to reflect the DM contents at harvest. 26506541 4 84 dep % 725:725 arg1 concentrate 727:737 concentrate 727:737 20% concentrate 723:737 Treatments consisted of (DM basis) 75% CS, 20% concentrate, and 5% wheat straw. 26506541 8 85 theme total-tract 1268:1278 arg1 digestibility 1280:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1259:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) 1259:1396 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 2 86 dep late 414:417 arg1 DM 424:425 40% DM 420:425 40% DM; CS40 420:431 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 3 87 theme lactating 486:494 arg1 cows 520:523 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows 483:523 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows 483:523 In a randomized block design, 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, of which 8 were fitted with rumen cannula, received 1 of 4 dietary treatments designated as T25, T28, T32, and T40 to reflect the DM contents at harvest. 26506541 6 88 theme DM 1076:1077 arg1 DMI 1087:1089 DMI 1087:1089 DMI 1087:1089 Treatments did not affect DM intake (DMI), milk yield, or milk contents. 26506541 6 88 theme DM 1076:1077 arg1 intake 1079:1084 DM intake 1076:1084 DM intake (DMI) 1076:1090 Treatments did not affect DM intake (DMI), milk yield, or milk contents. 26506541 5 89 theme 5-d 885:887 arg1 period 889:894 a 5-d period 883:894 a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM 883:1047 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 2 90 dep DM 399:400 arg1 CS32 403:406 CS32 403:406 CS32 403:406 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 2 91 theme 40 420:421 arg1 % 422:422 % 422:422 % 422:422 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 9 92 theme pH 1466:1467 arg1 proportions 1551:1561 ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions 1458:1561 ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions 1458:1561 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 11 93 theme fatty 1821:1825 arg1 acid 1827:1830 monounsaturated fatty acid 1805:1830 total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration 1799:1844 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 9 94 theme volatile 1470:1477 arg1 acids 1485:1489 volatile fatty acids 1470:1489 volatile fatty acids 1470:1489 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 14 95 theme metabolizable 2308:2320 arg1 energy 2322:2327 metabolizable energy 2308:2327 metabolizable energy 2308:2327 Intake of GE and metabolizable energy, and energy retained, all expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, did not differ among treatments. 26506541 14 95 theme metabolizable 2308:2320 arg1 all 2351:2353 all 2351:2353 all 2351:2353 Intake of GE and metabolizable energy, and energy retained, all expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, did not differ among treatments. 26506541 8 96 theme matter 1309:1314 arg1 digestibility 1280:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1259:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) 1259:1396 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 1 97 theme increasing 167:176 arg1 maturity 178:185 increasing maturity 167:185 increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest 167:216 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 15 98 theme milk 2468:2471 arg1 intake 2477:2482 milk N/N intake 2468:2482 milk N/N intake 2468:2482 Nitrogen intake, N use efficiency (milk N/N intake), and N balance were not influenced by treatments. 26506541 15 98 theme milk 2468:2471 arg1 efficiency 2456:2465 N use efficiency 2450:2465 N use efficiency (milk N/N intake) 2450:2483 Nitrogen intake, N use efficiency (milk N/N intake), and N balance were not influenced by treatments. 26506541 9 99 theme acids 1485:1489 arg1 proportions 1551:1561 ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions 1458:1561 ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions 1458:1561 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 14 100 theme GE 2301:2302 arg1 Intake 2291:2296 Intake 2291:2296 Intake of GE and metabolizable energy, and energy retained, all expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, 2291:2398 Intake of GE and metabolizable energy, and energy retained, all expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, did not differ among treatments. 26506541 6 101 theme milk 1108:1111 arg1 contents 1113:1120 milk contents 1108:1120 milk contents 1108:1120 Treatments did not affect DM intake (DMI), milk yield, or milk contents. 26506541 1 102 theme corn 202:205 arg1 maturity 178:185 increasing maturity 167:185 increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest 167:216 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 15 103 theme N 2450:2450 arg1 intake 2477:2482 milk N/N intake 2468:2482 milk N/N intake 2468:2482 Nitrogen intake, N use efficiency (milk N/N intake), and N balance were not influenced by treatments. 26506541 15 103 theme N 2450:2450 arg1 efficiency 2456:2465 N use efficiency 2450:2465 N use efficiency (milk N/N intake) 2450:2483 Nitrogen intake, N use efficiency (milk N/N intake), and N balance were not influenced by treatments. 26506541 9 104 theme concentrations 1504:1517 arg1 proportions 1551:1561 ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions 1458:1561 ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions 1458:1561 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 13 105 theme protein-corrected 2115:2131 arg1 milk 2133:2136 protein-corrected milk 2115:2136 protein-corrected milk 2115:2136 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 8 106 theme detergent 1340:1348 arg1 fiber 1350:1354 neutral detergent fiber 1332:1354 neutral detergent fiber 1332:1354 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 2 107 dep DM 424:425 arg1 CS40 428:431 CS40 428:431 CS40 428:431 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 2 108 theme late 414:417 arg1 stage 434:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage 323:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity 323:450 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 10 109 from concentration 1568:1580 arg1 fat 1602:1604 milk fat 1597:1604 milk fat 1597:1604 The concentration of C18:3n-3 in milk fat decreased linearly, and the concentration of C18:2n-6 and the n-6:n-3 ratio increased linearly with maturity. 26506541 1 110 from harvest 210:216 arg1 effects 156:162 the effects 152:162 the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets 152:286 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 1 110 from harvest 210:216 arg1 maturity 178:185 increasing maturity 167:185 increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest 167:216 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 9 111 theme fatty 1533:1537 arg1 acids 1539:1543 volatile fatty acids 1524:1543 volatile fatty acids 1524:1543 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 8 112 theme crude 1317:1321 arg1 protein 1323:1329 crude protein 1317:1329 crude protein 1317:1329 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 3 113 theme dietary 585:591 arg1 treatments 593:602 1 of 4 dietary treatments 578:602 1 of 4 dietary treatments designated as T25, T28, T32, and T40 578:639 In a randomized block design, 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, of which 8 were fitted with rumen cannula, received 1 of 4 dietary treatments designated as T25, T28, T32, and T40 to reflect the DM contents at harvest. 26506541 8 114 theme fat 1363:1365 arg1 digestibility 1280:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1259:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) 1259:1396 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 7 115 theme starch 1170:1175 arg1 rate 1162:1165 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate 1123:1165 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch 1123:1175 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch decreased linearly from 0.098 to 0.059/h as maturity increased from CS25 to CS40. 26506541 11 116 theme fatty 1770:1774 arg1 concentration 1781:1793 total saturated fatty acid concentration 1754:1793 total saturated fatty acid concentration 1754:1793 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 9 117 theme molar 1545:1549 arg1 proportions 1551:1561 ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions 1458:1561 ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions 1458:1561 Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentrations, and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. 26506541 11 118 theme total 1799:1803 arg1 concentration 1832:1844 total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration 1799:1844 total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration 1799:1844 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 0 119 theme lactating 83:91 arg1 cows 99:102 lactating dairy cows 83:102 lactating dairy cows 83:102 Increasing harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage reduces methane emission of lactating dairy cows. 26506541 8 120 theme starch 1368:1373 arg1 digestibility 1280:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1259:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) 1259:1396 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 11 121 theme total 1754:1758 arg1 concentration 1781:1793 total saturated fatty acid concentration 1754:1793 total saturated fatty acid concentration 1754:1793 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 10 122 theme milk 1597:1600 arg1 fat 1602:1604 milk fat 1597:1604 milk fat 1597:1604 The concentration of C18:3n-3 in milk fat decreased linearly, and the concentration of C18:2n-6 and the n-6:n-3 ratio increased linearly with maturity. 26506541 0 123 theme cows 99:102 arg1 emission 71:78 methane emission 63:78 methane emission of lactating dairy cows 63:102 Increasing harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage reduces methane emission of lactating dairy cows. 26506541 2 124 dep DM 376:377 arg1 CS28 380:383 CS28 380:383 CS28 380:383 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 13 125 theme protein-corrected 2224:2240 arg1 milk 2242:2245 fat- and protein-corrected milk 2215:2245 fat- and protein-corrected milk 2215:2245 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 7 126 theme fractional 1139:1148 arg1 rate 1162:1165 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate 1123:1165 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch 1123:1175 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch decreased linearly from 0.098 to 0.059/h as maturity increased from CS25 to CS40. 26506541 2 127 theme 32 395:396 arg1 % 397:397 % 397:397 % 397:397 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 16 128 theme feeding 2646:2652 arg1 CS 2654:2655 feeding CS 2646:2655 feeding CS 2646:2655 Increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest may offer an effective strategy to decrease CH4 losses with feeding CS without negatively affecting cow performance. 26506541 10 129 theme C18:3n-3 1585:1592 arg1 concentration 1568:1580 The concentration 1564:1580 The concentration of C18:3n-3 in milk fat 1564:1604 The concentration of C18:3n-3 in milk fat decreased linearly, and the concentration of C18:2n-6 and the n-6:n-3 ratio increased linearly with maturity. 26506541 5 130 theme milk 788:791 arg1 production 793:802 milk production 788:802 milk production 788:802 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 8 131 theme energy 1386:1391 arg1 digestibility 1280:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1259:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) 1259:1396 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 2 132 theme medium 387:392 arg1 stage 434:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage 323:438 a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity 323:450 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 13 133 dep 13.0 2181:2184 arg1 T32 2262:2264 T32 2262:2264 T32 2262:2264 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 13 133 dep 13.0 2181:2184 arg1 T40 2271:2273 T40 2271:2273 T40 2271:2273 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 13 133 dep 13.0 2181:2184 arg1 T28 2257:2259 T28 2257:2259 T28 2257:2259 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 7 134 dep In 1123:1124 arg1 situ 1126:1129 situ 1126:1129 situ 1126:1129 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch decreased linearly from 0.098 to 0.059/h as maturity increased from CS25 to CS40. 26506541 2 135 theme dry 341:343 arg1 DM 353:354 [25% dry matter (DM); CS25] 336:362 [25% dry matter (DM); CS25] 336:362 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 0 136 theme harvest 11:17 arg1 maturity 19:26 harvest maturity 11:26 harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage 11:53 Increasing harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage reduces methane emission of lactating dairy cows. 26506541 2 137 dep early 365:369 arg1 DM 376:377 28% DM 372:377 28% DM; CS28 372:383 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 2 138 theme [25 336:338 arg1 % 339:339 % 339:339 % 339:339 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 14 139 theme metabolic 2377:2385 arg1 weight 2392:2397 metabolic body weight 2377:2397 metabolic body weight 2377:2397 Intake of GE and metabolizable energy, and energy retained, all expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, did not differ among treatments. 26506541 13 140 theme fat- 2215:2218 arg1 milk 2242:2245 fat- and protein-corrected milk 2215:2245 fat- and protein-corrected milk 2215:2245 Also, CH4 emission relative to fat- and protein-corrected milk tended to decrease linearly with maturity (13.0, 13.4, 13.2, and 12.1g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk, for T25, T28, T32, and T40, respectively). 26506541 10 141 theme n-3 1672:1674 arg1 ratio 1676:1680 the n-6:n-3 ratio 1664:1680 the n-6:n-3 ratio 1664:1680 The concentration of C18:3n-3 in milk fat decreased linearly, and the concentration of C18:2n-6 and the n-6:n-3 ratio increased linearly with maturity. 26506541 5 142 theme silage 975:980 arg1 content 989:995 Corn silage starch content 970:995 Corn silage starch content 970:995 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 0 143 theme corn 43:46 arg1 silage 48:53 whole-plant corn silage 31:53 whole-plant corn silage 31:53 Increasing harvest maturity of whole-plant corn silage reduces methane emission of lactating dairy cows. 26506541 7 144 theme ruminal 1131:1137 arg1 rate 1162:1165 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate 1123:1165 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch 1123:1175 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch decreased linearly from 0.098 to 0.059/h as maturity increased from CS25 to CS40. 26506541 2 145 theme % 374:374 arg1 DM 376:377 28% DM 372:377 28% DM; CS28 372:383 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 1 146 theme CH4 221:223 arg1 emissions 225:233 CH4 emissions 221:233 CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets 221:286 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 1 147 theme based 276:280 arg1 diets 282:286 corn silage (CS) based diets 259:286 corn silage (CS) based diets 259:286 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing maturity of whole-plant corn at harvest on CH4 emissions by dairy cows consuming corn silage (CS) based diets. 26506541 7 148 theme In 1123:1124 arg1 rate 1162:1165 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate 1123:1165 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch 1123:1175 In situ ruminal fractional degradation rate of starch decreased linearly from 0.098 to 0.059/h as maturity increased from CS25 to CS40. 26506541 11 149 dep concentration 1781:1793 arg1 the 1750:1752 the 1750:1752 the 1750:1752 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 5 150 theme CS40 1032:1035 arg1 g/kg 1038:1041 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg 1012:1041 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM 1012:1047 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 11 151 theme acid 1776:1779 arg1 concentration 1781:1793 total saturated fatty acid concentration 1754:1793 total saturated fatty acid concentration 1754:1793 A quadratic response occurred for the total saturated fatty acid concentration and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in milk fat. 26506541 3 152 theme randomized 458:467 arg1 design 475:480 a randomized block design 456:480 a randomized block design 456:480 In a randomized block design, 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, of which 8 were fitted with rumen cannula, received 1 of 4 dietary treatments designated as T25, T28, T32, and T40 to reflect the DM contents at harvest. 26506541 2 153 theme Whole-plant 289:299 arg1 corn 301:304 Whole-plant corn 289:304 Whole-plant corn 289:304 Whole-plant corn was harvested at a very early [25% dry matter (DM); CS25], early (28% DM; CS28), medium (32% DM; CS32), and late (40% DM; CS40) stage of maturity. 26506541 8 154 theme Apparent 1259:1266 arg1 digestibility 1280:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility 1259:1292 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) 1259:1396 Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, starch, and gross energy (GE) decreased linearly with maturity. 26506541 5 155 theme climate 899:905 arg1 chambers 919:926 climate respiration chambers 899:926 climate respiration chambers 899:926 Feed intake, digestibility, milk production and composition, energy and N balance, and CH4 production were measured during a 5-d period in climate respiration chambers after an adaptation to the diet for 12 d. Corn silage starch content varied between 275 (CS25) and 385 (CS40) g/kg of DM. 26506541 10 156 theme C18:2n-6 1651:1658 arg1 concentration 1634:1646 the concentration 1630:1646 the concentration of C18:2n-6 1630:1658 The concentration of C18:3n-3 in milk fat decreased linearly, and the concentration of C18:2n-6 and the n-6:n-3 ratio increased linearly with maturity. 26506541 10 156 theme C18:2n-6 1651:1658 arg1 ratio 1676:1680 the n-6:n-3 ratio 1664:1680 the n-6:n-3 ratio 1664:1680 The concentration of C18:3n-3 in milk fat decreased linearly, and the concentration of C18:2n-6 and the n-6:n-3 ratio increased linearly with maturity. 26506541 3 157 theme Holstein-Friesian 496:512 arg1 cows 520:523 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows 483:523 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows 483:523 In a randomized block design, 28 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, of which 8 were fitted with rumen cannula, received 1 of 4 dietary treatments designated as T25, T28, T32, and T40 to reflect the DM contents at harvest. 26506541 14 158 theme weight 2392:2397 arg1 unit 2369:2372 unit 2369:2372 unit of metabolic body weight 2369:2397 Intake of GE and metabolizable energy, and energy retained, all expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, did not differ among treatments. 26811249 8 0 theme compacted 1034:1042 arg1 structure 1044:1052 compacted structure 1034:1052 compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin 1034:1100 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 10 1 theme white 1396:1400 arg1 group 1410:1414 the white embolus group 1392:1414 the white embolus group 1392:1414 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 3 2 theme = 486:486 arg1 group 477:481 red embolus group 465:481 red embolus group (n = 6) 465:489 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 2 theme = 486:486 arg1 n 484:484 n = 6 484:488 n = 6 484:488 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 6 3 theme embolism 805:812 arg1 status 795:800 the status 791:800 the status of embolism 791:812 Coronary angiography was performed to verify the status of embolism. 26811249 13 4 theme infarction 1631:1640 arg1 size 1612:1615 The size 1608:1615 The size of myocardial infarction in rt-PA group 1608:1655 The size of myocardial infarction in rt-PA group reduced significantly compared with white embolus group using TTC staining method. 26811249 4 5 theme Autologous 560:569 arg1 emboli 571:576 Autologous emboli 560:576 Autologous emboli 560:576 Autologous emboli were infused into the mid-distal region of the left anterior descending coronary artery. 26811249 8 6 dep RESULTS 910:916 arg1 characteristic 935:948 characteristic 935:948 characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes 935:993 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 2 7 theme beagle 258:263 arg1 model 265:269 a new beagle model 252:269 a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 252:317 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 10 8 theme ST-segment 1284:1293 arg1 elevation 1295:1303 ST-segment elevation 1284:1303 ST-segment elevation 1284:1303 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 15 9 theme white 1934:1938 arg1 thrombi 1940:1946 fibrin-rich white thrombi 1922:1946 fibrin-rich white thrombi 1922:1946 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 14 10 theme embolism 1762:1769 arg1 model 1771:1775 The white embolism model 1752:1775 The white embolism model 1752:1775 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 14 10 theme embolism 1762:1769 arg1 convenient 1786:1795 convenient 1786:1795 convenient 1786:1795 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 12 11 theme rt-PA 1591:1595 arg1 treatment 1597:1605 rt-PA treatment 1591:1605 rt-PA treatment 1591:1605 Five out of six dogs exhibited coronary recanalization after two hours of therapy, compared to zero dogs without rt-PA treatment. 26811249 2 12 theme myocardial 289:298 arg1 infarction 300:309 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 276:317 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 276:317 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 2 12 theme myocardial 289:298 arg1 STEMI 312:316 STEMI 312:316 STEMI 312:316 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 1 13 theme thrombolytic 202:213 arg1 therapies 215:223 potential thrombolytic therapies 192:223 potential thrombolytic therapies 192:223 BACKGROUND There is still no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies. 26811249 8 14 theme fibrin 1095:1100 arg1 mass 1087:1090 a dense mass 1079:1090 a dense mass of fibrin 1079:1100 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 10 15 from wave 1317:1320 arg1 electrocardiogram 1329:1345 the electrocardiogram 1325:1345 the electrocardiogram 1325:1345 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 16 16 used used 2105:2108 arg2 model 2092:2096 This model 2087:2096 This model 2087:2096 This model can be used to evaluate new thrombolytic drugs for the treatment of STEMI. 26811249 15 17 from features 1985:1992 arg1 window 2042:2047 time window 2037:2047 time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 2037:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 7 18 theme TTC 895:897 arg1 staining 900:907 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining 855:907 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining 855:907 Myocardial infarct size was measured by 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. 26811249 14 19 dep higher 1822:1827 arg1 stability 1841:1849 stability 1841:1849 stability 1841:1849 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 14 19 dep higher 1822:1827 arg1 rate 1863:1866 success rate 1855:1866 success rate 1855:1866 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 14 19 dep higher 1822:1827 arg1 uniformity 1829:1838 uniformity 1829:1838 uniformity 1829:1838 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 4 20 theme left 625:628 arg1 artery 659:664 the left anterior descending coronary artery 621:664 the left anterior descending coronary artery 621:664 Autologous emboli were infused into the mid-distal region of the left anterior descending coronary artery. 26811249 3 21 theme embolus 498:504 arg1 n 513:513 n = 6 513:517 n = 6 513:517 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 21 theme embolus 498:504 arg1 group 506:510 white embolus group 492:510 white embolus group (n = 6) 492:518 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 21 theme embolus 498:504 arg1 groups 457:462 three groups 451:462 three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6) 451:557 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 7 22 theme chloride 885:892 arg1 staining 900:907 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining 855:907 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining 855:907 Myocardial infarct size was measured by 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. 26811249 1 23 theme standard 128:135 arg1 model 150:154 no standard large animal model 125:154 no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies 125:223 BACKGROUND There is still no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies. 26811249 1 24 dep BACKGROUND 99:108 arg1 is 116:117 is 116:117 is still no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies 116:223 BACKGROUND There is still no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies. 26811249 3 25 theme rt-PA 539:543 arg1 groups 457:462 three groups 451:462 three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6) 451:557 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 25 theme rt-PA 539:543 arg1 group 545:549 white embolus + rt-PA group 523:549 group 545:549 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 1 26 theme animal 143:148 arg1 model 150:154 no standard large animal model 125:154 no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies 125:223 BACKGROUND There is still no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies. 26811249 15 27 from window 2042:2047 arg1 features 1985:1992 features 1985:1992 features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 1985:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 4 28 theme mid-distal 600:609 arg1 region 611:616 the mid-distal region 596:616 the mid-distal region of the left anterior descending coronary artery 596:664 Autologous emboli were infused into the mid-distal region of the left anterior descending coronary artery. 26811249 16 29 theme STEMI 2166:2170 arg1 treatment 2153:2161 the treatment 2149:2161 the treatment of STEMI 2149:2170 This model can be used to evaluate new thrombolytic drugs for the treatment of STEMI. 26811249 0 30 theme ST-elevation 63:74 arg1 infarction 87:96 ST-elevation myocardial infarction 63:96 ST-elevation myocardial infarction 63:96 A novel model for evaluating thrombolytic therapy in dogs with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. 26811249 9 31 theme embolus 1174:1180 arg1 group 1182:1186 the red embolus group 1166:1186 the red embolus group 1166:1186 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 15 32 theme intravenous 2052:2062 arg1 thrombolysis 2064:2075 intravenous thrombolysis 2052:2075 intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 2052:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 12 33 theme therapy 1552:1558 arg1 hours 1543:1547 two hours 1539:1547 two hours of therapy 1539:1558 Five out of six dogs exhibited coronary recanalization after two hours of therapy, compared to zero dogs without rt-PA treatment. 26811249 10 34 theme T 1315:1315 arg1 wave 1317:1320 lower T wave 1309:1320 lower T wave on the electrocardiogram 1309:1345 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 13 35 from size 1612:1615 arg1 group 1651:1655 rt-PA group 1645:1655 rt-PA group 1645:1655 The size of myocardial infarction in rt-PA group reduced significantly compared with white embolus group using TTC staining method. 26811249 15 36 theme fibrin-rich 1922:1932 arg1 thrombi 1940:1946 fibrin-rich white thrombi 1922:1946 fibrin-rich white thrombi 1922:1946 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 12 37 theme coronary 1509:1516 arg1 recanalization 1518:1531 coronary recanalization 1509:1531 coronary recanalization 1509:1531 Five out of six dogs exhibited coronary recanalization after two hours of therapy, compared to zero dogs without rt-PA treatment. 26811249 15 38 contain possessing 1974:1983 arg2 features 1985:1992 features 1985:1992 features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 1985:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 15 38 contain possessing 1974:1983 arg1 model 1968:1972 beagle model 1961:1972 beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 1961:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 3 39 dep METHODS 396:402 arg1 divided 438:444 divided 438:444 divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6) 438:557 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 39 dep METHODS 396:402 arg1 included 425:432 included 425:432 included 425:432 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 13 40 theme TTC 1719:1721 arg1 method 1732:1737 TTC staining method 1719:1737 TTC staining method 1719:1737 The size of myocardial infarction in rt-PA group reduced significantly compared with white embolus group using TTC staining method. 26811249 14 41 dep CONCLUSIONS 1740:1750 arg1 model 1771:1775 The white embolism model 1752:1775 The white embolism model 1752:1775 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 14 41 dep CONCLUSIONS 1740:1750 arg1 convenient 1786:1795 convenient 1786:1795 convenient 1786:1795 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 14 41 dep CONCLUSIONS 1740:1750 arg1 had 1816:1818 had 1816:1818 had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate 1816:1866 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 0 42 theme thrombolytic 29:40 arg1 therapy 42:48 thrombolytic therapy 29:48 thrombolytic therapy 29:48 A novel model for evaluating thrombolytic therapy in dogs with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. 26811249 4 43 theme descending 639:648 arg1 artery 659:664 the left anterior descending coronary artery 621:664 the left anterior descending coronary artery 621:664 Autologous emboli were infused into the mid-distal region of the left anterior descending coronary artery. 26811249 2 44 theme coronary 377:384 arg1 thrombus 386:393 coronary thrombus 377:393 coronary thrombus 377:393 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 5 45 theme electron 719:726 arg1 SEM 740:742 SEM 740:742 SEM 740:742 The composition of embolus was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26811249 5 45 theme electron 719:726 arg1 microscope 728:737 scanning electron microscope 710:737 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 710:743 The composition of embolus was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26811249 9 46 theme white 1206:1210 arg1 group 1220:1224 the white embolus group 1202:1224 the white embolus group 1202:1224 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 8 47 theme loose 953:957 arg1 structure 969:977 loose reticular structure 953:977 loose reticular structure of erythrocytes 953:993 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 14 48 theme success 1855:1861 arg1 rate 1863:1866 success rate 1855:1866 success rate 1855:1866 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 15 49 theme major 1873:1877 arg1 innovation 1879:1888 The major innovation 1869:1888 The major innovation of our study 1869:1901 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 4 50 theme artery 659:664 arg1 region 611:616 the mid-distal region 596:616 the mid-distal region of the left anterior descending coronary artery 596:664 Autologous emboli were infused into the mid-distal region of the left anterior descending coronary artery. 26811249 13 51 theme white 1693:1697 arg1 group 1707:1711 white embolus group 1693:1711 white embolus group using TTC staining method 1693:1737 The size of myocardial infarction in rt-PA group reduced significantly compared with white embolus group using TTC staining method. 26811249 8 52 theme structure 969:977 arg1 characteristic 935:948 characteristic 935:948 characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes 935:993 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 15 53 theme thrombolysis 2064:2075 arg1 window 2042:2047 time window 2037:2047 time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 2037:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 3 54 theme male 407:410 arg1 beagles 412:418 18 male beagles 404:418 18 male beagles 404:418 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 10 55 theme red 1363:1365 arg1 group 1375:1379 the red embolus group 1359:1379 the red embolus group 1359:1379 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 16 56 theme thrombolytic 2126:2137 arg1 drugs 2139:2143 new thrombolytic drugs 2122:2143 new thrombolytic drugs 2122:2143 This model can be used to evaluate new thrombolytic drugs for the treatment of STEMI. 26811249 8 57 theme erythrocytes 982:993 arg1 structure 969:977 loose reticular structure 953:977 loose reticular structure of erythrocytes 953:993 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 13 58 theme rt-PA 1645:1649 arg1 group 1651:1655 rt-PA group 1645:1655 rt-PA group 1645:1655 The size of myocardial infarction in rt-PA group reduced significantly compared with white embolus group using TTC staining method. 26811249 3 59 theme = 554:554 arg1 n 552:552 n = 6 552:556 n = 6 552:556 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 59 theme = 554:554 arg1 embolus 529:535 white embolus + rt-PA group 523:549 embolus 529:535 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 2 60 theme autologous 332:341 arg1 emboli 343:348 autologous emboli 332:348 autologous emboli 332:348 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 6 61 theme Coronary 746:753 arg1 angiography 755:765 Coronary angiography 746:765 Coronary angiography 746:765 Coronary angiography was performed to verify the status of embolism. 26811249 3 62 theme red 465:467 arg1 group 477:481 red embolus group 465:481 red embolus group (n = 6) 465:489 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 62 theme red 465:467 arg1 groups 457:462 three groups 451:462 three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6) 451:557 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 62 theme red 465:467 arg1 n 484:484 n = 6 484:488 n = 6 484:488 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 7 63 theme infarct 826:832 arg1 size 834:837 Myocardial infarct size 815:837 Myocardial infarct size 815:837 Myocardial infarct size was measured by 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. 26811249 3 64 theme white 492:496 arg1 n 513:513 n = 6 513:517 n = 6 513:517 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 64 theme white 492:496 arg1 group 506:510 white embolus group 492:510 white embolus group (n = 6) 492:518 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 64 theme white 492:496 arg1 groups 457:462 three groups 451:462 three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6) 451:557 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 14 65 contain had 1816:1818 arg1 model 1771:1775 The white embolism model 1752:1775 The white embolism model 1752:1775 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 14 65 contain had 1816:1818 arg2 higher 1822:1827 higher 1822:1827 higher 1822:1827 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 14 65 contain had 1816:1818 arg1 convenient 1786:1795 convenient 1786:1795 convenient 1786:1795 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 8 66 theme white 1016:1020 arg1 embolus 1022:1028 the white embolus 1012:1028 the white embolus 1012:1028 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 9 67 dep showed 1124:1129 arg1 0/6 1195:1197 0/6 1195:1197 0/6 1195:1197 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 9 67 dep showed 1124:1129 arg1 2/6 1159:1161 2/6 1159:1161 2/6 1159:1161 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 10 68 theme embolus 1402:1408 arg1 group 1410:1414 the white embolus group 1392:1414 the white embolus group 1392:1414 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 13 69 theme myocardial 1620:1629 arg1 infarction 1631:1640 myocardial infarction 1620:1640 myocardial infarction 1620:1640 The size of myocardial infarction in rt-PA group reduced significantly compared with white embolus group using TTC staining method. 26811249 2 70 theme ST-elevation 276:287 arg1 infarction 300:309 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 276:317 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 276:317 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 2 70 theme ST-elevation 276:287 arg1 STEMI 312:316 STEMI 312:316 STEMI 312:316 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 8 71 contain had 1030:1032 arg1 embolus 1022:1028 the white embolus 1012:1028 the white embolus 1012:1028 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 8 71 contain had 1030:1032 arg2 structure 1044:1052 compacted structure 1034:1052 compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin 1034:1100 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 0 72 with dogs 53:56 arg1 infarction 87:96 ST-elevation myocardial infarction 63:96 ST-elevation myocardial infarction 63:96 A novel model for evaluating thrombolytic therapy in dogs with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. 26811249 15 73 theme time 2037:2040 arg1 window 2042:2047 time window 2037:2047 time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 2037:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 10 74 theme elevation 1295:1303 arg1 wave 1317:1320 lower T wave 1309:1320 lower T wave on the electrocardiogram 1309:1345 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 10 74 theme elevation 1295:1303 arg1 resolution 1270:1279 resolution 1270:1279 resolution of ST-segment elevation 1270:1303 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 10 74 theme elevation 1295:1303 arg1 Arrhythmia 1258:1267 Arrhythmia 1258:1267 Arrhythmia 1258:1267 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 3 75 theme = 515:515 arg1 n 513:513 n = 6 513:517 n = 6 513:517 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 75 theme = 515:515 arg1 group 506:510 white embolus group 492:510 white embolus group (n = 6) 492:518 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 15 76 theme thrombi 2026:2032 arg1 features 1985:1992 features 1985:1992 features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 1985:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 9 77 theme Coronary 1103:1110 arg1 angiography 1112:1122 Coronary angiography 1103:1122 Coronary angiography 1103:1122 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 1 78 theme potential 192:200 arg1 therapies 215:223 potential thrombolytic therapies 192:223 potential thrombolytic therapies 192:223 BACKGROUND There is still no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies. 26811249 8 79 theme dense 1081:1085 arg1 mass 1087:1090 a dense mass 1079:1090 a dense mass of fibrin 1079:1100 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 3 80 theme white 523:527 arg1 n 552:552 n = 6 552:556 n = 6 552:556 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 80 theme white 523:527 arg1 embolus 529:535 white embolus + rt-PA group 523:549 embolus 529:535 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 80 theme white 523:527 arg1 groups 457:462 three groups 451:462 three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6) 451:557 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 1 81 theme therapies 215:223 arg1 effectiveness 175:187 the effectiveness 171:187 the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies 171:223 BACKGROUND There is still no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies. 26811249 9 82 theme recanalization 1135:1148 arg1 rate 1150:1153 the recanalization rate 1131:1153 the recanalization rate 1131:1153 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 2 83 theme new 254:256 arg1 model 265:269 a new beagle model 252:269 a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 252:317 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 15 84 theme STEMI 2080:2084 arg1 thrombolysis 2064:2075 intravenous thrombolysis 2052:2075 intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 2052:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 2 85 with model 265:269 arg1 infarction 300:309 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 276:317 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 276:317 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 2 85 with model 265:269 arg1 STEMI 312:316 STEMI 312:316 STEMI 312:316 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 15 86 from thrombi 2026:2032 arg1 window 2042:2047 time window 2037:2047 time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 2037:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 15 87 theme observed 2008:2015 arg1 thrombi 2026:2032 clinically observed coronary thrombi 1997:2032 clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 1997:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 14 88 theme white 1756:1760 arg1 model 1771:1775 The white embolism model 1752:1775 The white embolism model 1752:1775 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 14 88 theme white 1756:1760 arg1 convenient 1786:1795 convenient 1786:1795 convenient 1786:1795 CONCLUSIONS The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. 26811249 1 89 theme large 137:141 arg1 model 150:154 no standard large animal model 125:154 no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies 125:223 BACKGROUND There is still no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies. 26811249 9 90 from 0/6 1195:1197 arg1 group 1220:1224 the white embolus group 1202:1224 the white embolus group 1202:1224 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 0 91 theme myocardial 76:85 arg1 infarction 87:96 ST-elevation myocardial infarction 63:96 ST-elevation myocardial infarction 63:96 A novel model for evaluating thrombolytic therapy in dogs with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. 26811249 9 92 theme red 1170:1172 arg1 group 1182:1186 the red embolus group 1166:1186 the red embolus group 1166:1186 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 8 93 theme Red 918:920 arg1 thrombus 922:929 Red thrombus 918:929 Red thrombus 918:929 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 7 94 theme triphenyltetrazolium 864:883 arg1 staining 900:907 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining 855:907 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining 855:907 Myocardial infarct size was measured by 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. 26811249 10 95 theme lower 1309:1313 arg1 wave 1317:1320 lower T wave 1309:1320 lower T wave on the electrocardiogram 1309:1345 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 15 96 theme coronary 2017:2024 arg1 thrombi 2026:2032 clinically observed coronary thrombi 1997:2032 clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 1997:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 13 97 theme staining 1723:1730 arg1 method 1732:1737 TTC staining method 1719:1737 TTC staining method 1719:1737 The size of myocardial infarction in rt-PA group reduced significantly compared with white embolus group using TTC staining method. 26811249 2 98 theme thrombus 386:393 arg1 components 363:372 similar components 355:372 similar components of coronary thrombus 355:393 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 5 99 theme scanning 710:717 arg1 SEM 740:742 SEM 740:742 SEM 740:742 The composition of embolus was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26811249 5 99 theme scanning 710:717 arg1 microscope 728:737 scanning electron microscope 710:737 scanning electron microscope (SEM) 710:743 The composition of embolus was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26811249 8 100 theme reticular 959:967 arg1 structure 969:977 loose reticular structure 953:977 loose reticular structure of erythrocytes 953:993 RESULTS Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. 26811249 15 101 theme study 1897:1901 arg1 innovation 1879:1888 The major innovation 1869:1888 The major innovation of our study 1869:1901 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 4 102 theme anterior 630:637 arg1 artery 659:664 the left anterior descending coronary artery 621:664 the left anterior descending coronary artery 621:664 Autologous emboli were infused into the mid-distal region of the left anterior descending coronary artery. 26811249 16 103 theme new 2122:2124 arg1 drugs 2139:2143 new thrombolytic drugs 2122:2143 new thrombolytic drugs 2122:2143 This model can be used to evaluate new thrombolytic drugs for the treatment of STEMI. 26811249 9 104 theme embolus 1212:1218 arg1 group 1220:1224 the white embolus group 1202:1224 the white embolus group 1202:1224 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 11 105 with dogs 1429:1432 arg1 thrombi 1445:1451 white thrombi 1439:1451 white thrombi 1439:1451 Another six dogs with white thrombi were treated with rt-PA. 26811249 10 106 theme embolus 1367:1373 arg1 group 1375:1379 the red embolus group 1359:1379 the red embolus group 1359:1379 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 4 107 theme coronary 650:657 arg1 artery 659:664 the left anterior descending coronary artery 621:664 the left anterior descending coronary artery 621:664 Autologous emboli were infused into the mid-distal region of the left anterior descending coronary artery. 26811249 13 108 theme embolus 1699:1705 arg1 group 1707:1711 white embolus group 1693:1711 white embolus group using TTC staining method 1693:1737 The size of myocardial infarction in rt-PA group reduced significantly compared with white embolus group using TTC staining method. 26811249 5 109 theme embolus 686:692 arg1 composition 671:681 The composition 667:681 The composition of embolus 667:692 The composition of embolus was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 26811249 15 110 theme beagle 1961:1966 arg1 model 1968:1972 beagle model 1961:1972 beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI 1961:2084 The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. 26811249 10 111 from Arrhythmia 1258:1267 arg1 electrocardiogram 1329:1345 the electrocardiogram 1325:1345 the electrocardiogram 1325:1345 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 2 112 theme similar 355:361 arg1 components 363:372 similar components 355:372 similar components of coronary thrombus 355:393 Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. 26811249 11 113 theme white 1439:1443 arg1 thrombi 1445:1451 white thrombi 1439:1451 white thrombi 1439:1451 Another six dogs with white thrombi were treated with rt-PA. 26811249 7 114 theme Myocardial 815:824 arg1 size 834:837 Myocardial infarct size 815:837 Myocardial infarct size 815:837 Myocardial infarct size was measured by 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. 26811249 10 115 from resolution 1270:1279 arg1 electrocardiogram 1329:1345 the electrocardiogram 1325:1345 the electrocardiogram 1325:1345 Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. 26811249 3 116 theme embolus 469:475 arg1 group 477:481 red embolus group 465:481 red embolus group (n = 6) 465:489 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 116 theme embolus 469:475 arg1 groups 457:462 three groups 451:462 three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6) 451:557 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 116 theme embolus 469:475 arg1 n 484:484 n = 6 484:488 n = 6 484:488 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 9 117 from 2/6 1159:1161 arg1 hours 1235:1239 three hours 1229:1239 three hours after occlusion 1229:1255 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 9 117 from 2/6 1159:1161 arg1 group 1182:1186 the red embolus group 1166:1186 the red embolus group 1166:1186 Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. 26811249 3 118 dep groups 457:462 arg1 n 552:552 n = 6 552:556 n = 6 552:556 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 118 dep groups 457:462 arg1 embolus 529:535 white embolus + rt-PA group 523:549 embolus 529:535 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 118 dep groups 457:462 arg1 n 513:513 n = 6 513:517 n = 6 513:517 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 118 dep groups 457:462 arg1 group 477:481 red embolus group 465:481 red embolus group (n = 6) 465:489 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 118 dep groups 457:462 arg1 group 506:510 white embolus group 492:510 white embolus group (n = 6) 492:518 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 118 dep groups 457:462 arg1 groups 457:462 three groups 451:462 three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6) 451:557 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 3 118 dep groups 457:462 arg1 n 484:484 n = 6 484:488 n = 6 484:488 METHODS 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). 26811249 0 119 theme novel 2:6 arg1 model 8:12 A novel model 0:12 A novel model for evaluating thrombolytic therapy in dogs with ST-elevation myocardial infarction 0:96 A novel model for evaluating thrombolytic therapy in dogs with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. 24813464 5 0 theme A 710:710 arg1 levels 718:723 higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels 673:723 higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels 673:723 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 1 1 theme abomasum 151:158 arg1 pathophysiology 117:131 the pathophysiology 113:131 the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA) 113:164 To clarify the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA), beef cattle fed high-starch diets were examined. 24813464 6 2 theme E 836:836 arg1 deficiencies 838:849 vitamin A and E deficiencies 822:849 vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid 822:918 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 4 3 theme Candida 519:525 arg1 spp. 527:530 and Candida spp. 515:530 spp. 527:530 and Candida spp., presumably reflecting the accelerated influx of ruminal fluid into the abomasum. 24813464 5 4 theme higher 673:678 arg1 levels 718:723 higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels 673:723 higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels 673:723 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 0 5 from Characteristics 0:14 arg1 cattle 72:77 beef cattle 67:77 beef cattle 67:77 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle fed high-starch diets. 24813464 3 6 theme spp. 492:495 arg1 presence 468:475 the presence 464:475 the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp 464:512 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp. 24813464 6 7 theme abomasal 905:912 arg1 fluid 914:918 abomasal fluid 905:918 abomasal fluid 905:918 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 0 8 theme high-starch 83:93 arg1 diets 95:99 high-starch diets 83:99 high-starch diets 83:99 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle fed high-starch diets. 24813464 6 9 theme A 830:830 arg1 deficiencies 838:849 vitamin A and E deficiencies 822:849 vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid 822:918 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 5 10 theme Biochemical 614:624 arg1 analyses 626:633 Biochemical analyses 614:633 Biochemical analyses of serum 614:642 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 5 11 theme acid 687:690 arg1 levels 718:723 higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels 673:723 higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels 673:723 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 6 12 theme vitamin 822:828 arg1 A 830:830 vitamin A 822:830 vitamin A 822:830 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 3 13 theme abomasal 421:428 arg1 fluid 430:434 the abomasal fluid 417:434 the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA 417:453 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp. 24813464 5 14 theme non-LDA 730:736 arg1 animals 748:754 non-LDA reference animals 730:754 non-LDA reference animals 730:754 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 3 15 from fluid 430:434 arg1 cattle 439:444 cattle 439:444 cattle with LDA 439:453 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp. 24813464 3 16 theme Bacteriological 385:399 arg1 examinations 401:412 Bacteriological examinations 385:412 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA 385:453 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp. 24813464 5 17 theme reference 738:746 arg1 animals 748:754 non-LDA reference animals 730:754 non-LDA reference animals 730:754 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 3 18 with cattle 439:444 arg1 LDA 451:453 LDA 451:453 LDA 451:453 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp. 24813464 5 19 theme lower 696:700 arg1 A 710:710 lower vitamin A 696:710 lower vitamin A 696:710 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 5 20 contain had 669:671 arg1 cattle 662:667 LDA cattle 658:667 LDA cattle 658:667 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 5 20 contain had 669:671 arg2 levels 718:723 higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels 673:723 higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels 673:723 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 2 21 from cattle 321:326 arg1 data 306:309 data 306:309 data from beef cattle at an abattoir 306:341 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 2 22 from pH 229:230 arg1 cattle 240:245 beef cattle 235:245 beef cattle 235:245 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 1 23 theme beef 167:170 arg1 diets 195:199 beef cattle fed high-starch diets 167:199 beef cattle fed high-starch diets 167:199 To clarify the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA), beef cattle fed high-starch diets were examined. 24813464 0 24 theme composition 25:35 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle 0:77 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle fed high-starch diets. 24813464 3 25 from cattle 439:444 arg1 examinations 401:412 Bacteriological examinations 385:412 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA 385:453 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp. 24813464 1 26 theme cattle 172:177 arg1 diets 195:199 beef cattle fed high-starch diets 167:199 beef cattle fed high-starch diets 167:199 To clarify the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA), beef cattle fed high-starch diets were examined. 24813464 0 27 theme fluid 19:23 arg1 composition 25:35 fluid composition 19:35 fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle 19:77 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle fed high-starch diets. 24813464 5 28 theme LDA 658:660 arg1 cattle 662:667 LDA cattle 658:667 LDA cattle 658:667 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 2 29 dep animals 297:303 arg1 data 306:309 data 306:309 data from beef cattle at an abattoir 306:341 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 1 30 theme fed 179:181 arg1 diets 195:199 beef cattle fed high-starch diets 167:199 beef cattle fed high-starch diets 167:199 To clarify the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA), beef cattle fed high-starch diets were examined. 24813464 0 31 theme left 40:43 arg1 abomasum 55:62 left displaced abomasum 40:62 left displaced abomasum 40:62 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle fed high-starch diets. 24813464 0 32 from cattle 72:77 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle 0:77 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle fed high-starch diets. 24813464 1 33 theme high-starch 183:193 arg1 diets 195:199 beef cattle fed high-starch diets 167:199 beef cattle fed high-starch diets 167:199 To clarify the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA), beef cattle fed high-starch diets were examined. 24813464 2 34 with pH 229:230 arg1 LDA 252:254 LDA 252:254 LDA 252:254 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 6 35 theme fluid 914:918 arg1 maldigestion 858:869 maldigestion 858:869 maldigestion of starch 858:879 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 6 35 theme fluid 914:918 arg1 acidity 894:900 the high acidity 885:900 the high acidity of abomasal fluid 885:918 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 5 36 theme lactic 680:685 arg1 acid 687:690 lactic acid 680:690 lactic acid 680:690 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 3 37 from examinations 401:412 arg1 cattle 439:444 cattle 439:444 cattle with LDA 439:453 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp. 24813464 4 38 theme fluid 589:593 arg1 influx 571:576 the accelerated influx 555:576 the accelerated influx of ruminal fluid into the abomasum 555:611 and Candida spp., presumably reflecting the accelerated influx of ruminal fluid into the abomasum. 24813464 0 39 theme abomasum 55:62 arg1 composition 25:35 fluid composition 19:35 fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle 19:77 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle fed high-starch diets. 24813464 6 40 theme starch 874:879 arg1 maldigestion 858:869 maldigestion 858:869 maldigestion of starch 858:879 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 6 40 theme starch 874:879 arg1 acidity 894:900 the high acidity 885:900 the high acidity of abomasal fluid 885:918 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 6 41 theme high 889:892 arg1 acidity 894:900 the high acidity 885:900 the high acidity of abomasal fluid 885:918 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 0 42 theme displaced 45:53 arg1 abomasum 55:62 left displaced abomasum 40:62 left displaced abomasum 40:62 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle fed high-starch diets. 24813464 6 43 theme due 851:853 arg1 deficiencies 838:849 vitamin A and E deficiencies 822:849 vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid 822:918 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 6 44 theme beef 785:788 arg1 cattle 790:795 beef cattle 785:795 beef cattle with LDA 785:804 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 1 45 theme displaced 141:149 arg1 LDA 161:163 LDA 161:163 LDA 161:163 To clarify the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA), beef cattle fed high-starch diets were examined. 24813464 1 45 theme displaced 141:149 arg1 abomasum 151:158 left displaced abomasum 136:158 left displaced abomasum (LDA) 136:164 To clarify the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA), beef cattle fed high-starch diets were examined. 24813464 5 46 theme serum 638:642 arg1 analyses 626:633 Biochemical analyses 614:633 Biochemical analyses of serum 614:642 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 2 47 theme beef 235:238 arg1 cattle 240:245 beef cattle 235:245 beef cattle 235:245 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 2 48 from abattoir 334:341 arg1 data 306:309 data 306:309 data from beef cattle at an abattoir 306:341 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 2 49 theme reference 287:295 arg1 animals 297:303 non-LDA reference animals 279:303 non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir) 279:342 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 2 50 theme non-LDA 279:285 arg1 animals 297:303 non-LDA reference animals 279:303 non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir) 279:342 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 3 51 theme fluid 430:434 arg1 examinations 401:412 Bacteriological examinations 385:412 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA 385:453 Bacteriological examinations of the abomasal fluid in cattle with LDA revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp. 24813464 0 52 theme beef 67:70 arg1 cattle 72:77 beef cattle 67:77 beef cattle 67:77 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle fed high-starch diets. 24813464 4 53 theme ruminal 581:587 arg1 fluid 589:593 ruminal fluid 581:593 ruminal fluid 581:593 and Candida spp., presumably reflecting the accelerated influx of ruminal fluid into the abomasum. 24813464 1 54 theme left 136:139 arg1 LDA 161:163 LDA 161:163 LDA 161:163 To clarify the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA), beef cattle fed high-starch diets were examined. 24813464 1 54 theme left 136:139 arg1 abomasum 151:158 left displaced abomasum 136:158 left displaced abomasum (LDA) 136:164 To clarify the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA), beef cattle fed high-starch diets were examined. 24813464 6 55 with cattle 790:795 arg1 LDA 802:804 LDA 802:804 LDA 802:804 These results indicate that beef cattle with LDA may suffer from vitamin A and E deficiencies due to maldigestion of starch and the high acidity of abomasal fluid. 24813464 5 56 theme vitamin 702:708 arg1 A 710:710 lower vitamin A 696:710 lower vitamin A 696:710 Biochemical analyses of serum revealed that LDA cattle had higher lactic acid and lower vitamin A and E levels than non-LDA reference animals. 24813464 0 57 from composition 25:35 arg1 cattle 72:77 beef cattle 67:77 beef cattle 67:77 Characteristics of fluid composition of left displaced abomasum in beef cattle fed high-starch diets. 24813464 2 58 theme abomasal 220:227 arg1 pH 229:230 The abomasal pH 216:230 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA 216:254 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 2 58 theme abomasal 220:227 arg1 lower 260:264 lower 260:264 lower 260:264 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 2 59 theme beef 316:319 arg1 cattle 321:326 beef cattle 316:326 beef cattle 316:326 The abomasal pH in beef cattle with LDA was lower than that in non-LDA reference animals (data from beef cattle at an abattoir), suggesting that it facilitated acidity. 24813464 4 60 theme accelerated 559:569 arg1 influx 571:576 the accelerated influx 555:576 the accelerated influx of ruminal fluid into the abomasum 555:611 and Candida spp., presumably reflecting the accelerated influx of ruminal fluid into the abomasum. 25858251 2 0 theme bacterial 126:134 arg1 strain 136:141 A novel bacterial strain 118:141 A novel bacterial strain 118:141 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 8 1 theme new 1110:1112 arg1 genus 1114:1118 a new genus 1108:1118 a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae 1108:1153 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 10 2 theme amylovorans 1283:1293 arg1 GCR0105 1298:1304 GCR0105 1298:1304 GCR0105 1298:1304 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 10 2 theme amylovorans 1283:1293 arg1 strain 1251:1256 The type strain 1242:1256 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans 1242:1293 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 6 3 theme lipid 746:750 arg1 profile 752:758 The polar lipid profile 736:758 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) 736:779 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 8 4 theme gen. 1209:1212 arg1 nov. 1214:1217 gen. nov. 1209:1217 gen. nov. 1209:1217 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 8 4 theme gen. 1209:1212 arg1 sp 1220:1221 sp 1220:1221 sp 1220:1221 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 3 5 theme strain 310:315 arg1 T 325:325 T 325:325 T 325:325 Cells of strain GCR0105(T) were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped. 25858251 3 5 theme strain 310:315 arg1 GCR0105 317:323 strain GCR0105 310:323 strain GCR0105(T) 310:326 Cells of strain GCR0105(T) were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped. 25858251 6 6 theme polar 740:744 arg1 profile 752:758 The polar lipid profile 736:758 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) 736:779 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 10 7 theme = 1327:1327 arg1 T 1339:1339  = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T) 1310:1340  = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T) 1310:1340 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 10 7 theme = 1327:1327 arg1 GCR0105 1298:1304 GCR0105 1298:1304 GCR0105 1298:1304 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 6 8 theme unknown 821:827 arg1 aminolipids 829:839 two unknown aminolipids 817:839 two unknown aminolipids 817:839 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 6 8 theme unknown 821:827 arg1 lipids 888:893 four unknown lipids 875:893 four unknown lipids 875:893 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 6 8 theme unknown 821:827 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 791:814 phosphatidylethanolamine 791:814 phosphatidylethanolamine 791:814 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 6 8 theme unknown 821:827 arg1 aminophospholipid 853:869 aminophospholipid 853:869 aminophospholipid 853:869 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 3 9 theme GCR0105 317:323 arg1 Cells 301:305 Cells 301:305 Cells of strain GCR0105(T) 301:326 Cells of strain GCR0105(T) were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped. 25858251 2 10 theme Saemangeum 240:249 arg1 Embankment 251:260 the Saemangeum Embankment 236:260 the Saemangeum Embankment 236:260 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 7 11 theme GCR0105 926:932 arg1 % 949:949 42.9 mol% 941:949 42.9 mol% 941:949 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 7 11 theme GCR0105 926:932 arg1 content 908:914 The DNA G+C content 896:914 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) 896:935 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 2 12 from Korea 294:298 arg1 located 263:269 located 263:269 located 263:269 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 1 13 theme starch-hydrolysing 57:74 arg1 bacterium 76:84 a starch-hydrolysing bacterium 55:84 a starch-hydrolysing bacterium 55:84 nov., a starch-hydrolysing bacterium, isolated from estuarine water. 25858251 1 13 theme starch-hydrolysing 57:74 arg1 nov. 49:52 nov. 49:52 nov. 49:52 nov., a starch-hydrolysing bacterium, isolated from estuarine water. 25858251 2 14 attach isolated 171:178 arg1 sample 193:198 a water sample 185:198 a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea 185:298 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 2 14 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 strain 136:141 A novel bacterial strain 118:141 A novel bacterial strain 118:141 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 4 15 theme yellow-pigmented 421:436 arg1 media 468:472 pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media 416:472 pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media 416:472 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 10 16 theme type 1246:1249 arg1 GCR0105 1298:1304 GCR0105 1298:1304 GCR0105 1298:1304 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 10 16 theme type 1246:1249 arg1 strain 1251:1256 The type strain 1242:1256 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans 1242:1293 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 4 17 theme pale 416:419 arg1 media 468:472 pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media 416:472 pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media 416:472 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 5 18 theme 93.14 716:720 arg1 % 721:721 % 721:721 % 721:721 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GCR0105(T) was related most closely to Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.14% similarity). 25858251 10 19 theme Flaviaesturariibacter 1261:1281 arg1 amylovorans 1283:1293 Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans 1261:1293 Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans 1261:1293 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 7 20 theme strain 919:924 arg1 GCR0105 926:932 strain GCR0105 919:932 strain GCR0105(T) 919:935 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 7 20 theme strain 919:924 arg1 T 934:934 T 934:934 T 934:934 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 8 21 dep properties 1048:1057 arg1 the 991:993 the 991:993 the 991:993 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 8 21 dep properties 1048:1057 arg1 basis 995:999 basis 995:999 basis 995:999 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 5 22 theme gene 598:601 arg1 sequences 603:611 16S rRNA gene sequences 589:611 16S rRNA gene sequences 589:611 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GCR0105(T) was related most closely to Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.14% similarity). 25858251 5 23 theme % 721:721 arg1 similarity 723:732 93.14% similarity 716:732 93.14% similarity 716:732 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GCR0105(T) was related most closely to Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.14% similarity). 25858251 5 23 theme % 721:721 arg1 Gsoil 702:706 Gsoil 702:706 Gsoil 702:706 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GCR0105(T) was related most closely to Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.14% similarity). 25858251 7 24 theme respiratory 959:969 arg1 quinone 971:977 the respiratory quinone 955:977 the respiratory quinone 955:977 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 7 24 theme respiratory 959:969 arg1 MK-7 983:986 MK-7 983:986 MK-7 983:986 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 7 25 theme G+C 904:906 arg1 % 949:949 42.9 mol% 941:949 42.9 mol% 941:949 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 7 25 theme G+C 904:906 arg1 content 908:914 The DNA G+C content 896:914 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) 896:935 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 8 26 from species 1097:1103 arg1 genus 1114:1118 a new genus 1108:1118 a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae 1108:1153 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 2 27 theme located 263:269 arg1 Embankment 251:260 the Saemangeum Embankment 236:260 the Saemangeum Embankment 236:260 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 0 28 theme gen. 34:37 arg1 sp 45:46 sp 45:46 sp 45:46 Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 0 28 theme gen. 34:37 arg1 nov. 39:42 gen. nov. 34:42 gen. nov. 34:42 Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 8 29 theme family 1131:1136 arg1 Chitinophagaceae 1138:1153 the family Chitinophagaceae 1127:1153 the family Chitinophagaceae 1127:1153 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 4 30 theme GCR0105 400:406 arg1 Colonies 381:388 Colonies 381:388 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) 381:409 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 1 31 theme estuarine 101:109 arg1 water 111:115 estuarine water 101:115 estuarine water 101:115 nov., a starch-hydrolysing bacterium, isolated from estuarine water. 25858251 8 32 theme strain 1060:1065 arg1 GCR0105 1067:1073 strain GCR0105 1060:1073 strain GCR0105(T) 1060:1076 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 8 32 theme strain 1060:1065 arg1 T 1075:1075 T 1075:1075 T 1075:1075 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 8 33 theme phenotypic 1004:1013 arg1 properties 1048:1057 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1004:1057 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1004:1057 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 5 34 theme 16S 589:591 arg1 sequences 603:611 16S rRNA gene sequences 589:611 16S rRNA gene sequences 589:611 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GCR0105(T) was related most closely to Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.14% similarity). 25858251 4 35 theme strain 393:398 arg1 GCR0105 400:406 strain GCR0105 393:406 strain GCR0105(T) 393:409 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 4 35 theme strain 393:398 arg1 T 408:408 T 408:408 T 408:408 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 8 36 theme name 1170:1173 arg1 Flaviaesturariibacter 1175:1195 the name Flaviaesturariibacter 1166:1195 the name Flaviaesturariibacter 1166:1195 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 6 37 theme unknown 880:886 arg1 lipids 888:893 four unknown lipids 875:893 four unknown lipids 875:893 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 6 37 theme unknown 880:886 arg1 aminolipids 829:839 two unknown aminolipids 817:839 two unknown aminolipids 817:839 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 4 38 theme optimum 541:547 arg1 6.5-8.5 532:538 pH 6.5-8.5 529:538 pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5) 529:555 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 4 38 theme optimum 541:547 arg1 pH 549:550 optimum pH 7.5 541:554 optimum pH 7.5 541:554 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 5 39 theme rRNA 593:596 arg1 sequences 603:611 16S rRNA gene sequences 589:611 16S rRNA gene sequences 589:611 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GCR0105(T) was related most closely to Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.14% similarity). 25858251 10 40 theme 17919 1333:1337 arg1 T 1339:1339  = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T) 1310:1340  = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T) 1310:1340 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 10 40 theme 17919 1333:1337 arg1 GCR0105 1298:1304 GCR0105 1298:1304 GCR0105 1298:1304 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 4 41 theme pH 529:530 arg1 6.5-8.5 532:538 pH 6.5-8.5 529:538 pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5) 529:555 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 4 41 theme pH 529:530 arg1 pH 549:550 optimum pH 7.5 541:554 optimum pH 7.5 541:554 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 7 42 theme mol 946:948 arg1 % 949:949 42.9 mol% 941:949 42.9 mol% 941:949 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 7 42 theme mol 946:948 arg1 content 908:914 The DNA G+C content 896:914 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) 896:935 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 4 43 theme nutrient 454:461 arg1 agar 463:466 nutrient agar 454:466 nutrient agar 454:466 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 2 44 theme water 187:191 arg1 sample 193:198 a water sample 185:198 a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea 185:298 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 7 45 theme DNA 900:902 arg1 % 949:949 42.9 mol% 941:949 42.9 mol% 941:949 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 7 45 theme DNA 900:902 arg1 content 908:914 The DNA G+C content 896:914 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) 896:935 The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7. 25858251 6 46 theme GCR0105 770:776 arg1 profile 752:758 The polar lipid profile 736:758 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) 736:779 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 4 47 theme R2A 441:443 arg1 agar 445:448 R2A agar 441:448 R2A agar 441:448 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 6 48 theme strain 763:768 arg1 T 778:778 T 778:778 T 778:778 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 6 48 theme strain 763:768 arg1 GCR0105 770:776 strain GCR0105 763:776 strain GCR0105(T) 763:779 The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. 25858251 5 49 theme Phylogenetic 558:569 arg1 analysis 571:578 Phylogenetic analysis 558:578 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 558:611 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GCR0105(T) was related most closely to Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.14% similarity). 25858251 8 50 theme novel 1091:1095 arg1 species 1097:1103 a novel species 1089:1103 a novel species 1089:1103 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 4 51 theme optimum 510:516 arg1 °C 506:507 15-30 °C 500:507 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) 500:523 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 4 51 theme optimum 510:516 arg1 °C 521:522 optimum 25 °C 510:522 optimum 25 °C 510:522 Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). 25858251 2 52 theme estuary 216:222 arg1 sample 193:198 a water sample 185:198 a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea 185:298 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 5 53 theme strain 627:632 arg1 GCR0105 634:640 strain GCR0105 627:640 strain GCR0105(T) 627:643 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GCR0105(T) was related most closely to Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.14% similarity). 25858251 5 53 theme strain 627:632 arg1 T 642:642 T 642:642 T 642:642 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GCR0105(T) was related most closely to Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.14% similarity). 25858251 2 54 theme Mangyung 207:214 arg1 estuary 216:222 the Mangyung estuary 203:222 the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea 203:298 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 8 55 theme chemotaxonomic 1016:1029 arg1 properties 1048:1057 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1004:1057 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1004:1057 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 2 56 theme novel 120:124 arg1 strain 136:141 A novel bacterial strain 118:141 A novel bacterial strain 118:141 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 10 57 theme JCM 1329:1331 arg1 T 1339:1339  = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T) 1310:1340  = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T) 1310:1340 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 10 57 theme JCM 1329:1331 arg1 GCR0105 1298:1304 GCR0105 1298:1304 GCR0105 1298:1304 The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)). 25858251 8 58 theme phylogenetic 1035:1046 arg1 properties 1048:1057 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1004:1057 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1004:1057 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. 25858251 2 59 from located 263:269 arg1 Korea 294:298 Korea 294:298 Korea 294:298 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 25858251 2 59 from located 263:269 arg1 South 288:292 South 288:292 South 288:292 A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. 28798232 5 0 theme opposing 723:730 arg1 mechanisms 732:741 the opposing mechanisms 719:741 the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons 719:780 Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. 28798232 9 1 theme NGF 1273:1275 arg1 part 1265:1268 the mature part 1254:1268 the mature part of NGF and proNGF 1254:1286 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 1 2 theme growth 157:162 arg1 NGF 174:176 NGF 174:176 NGF 174:176 Nerve growth factor-β (NGF) is essential for the correct development of the nervous system. 28798232 1 2 theme growth 157:162 arg1 factor-β 164:171 Nerve growth factor-β 151:171 Nerve growth factor-β (NGF) 151:177 Nerve growth factor-β (NGF) is essential for the correct development of the nervous system. 28798232 7 3 theme hydrogen/deuterium 983:1000 arg1 exchange 1002:1009 the hydrogen/deuterium exchange 979:1009 the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution 979:1033 Here, using a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution, we analyzed the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF. 28798232 1 4 theme system 235:240 arg1 development 208:218 the correct development 196:218 the correct development of the nervous system 196:240 Nerve growth factor-β (NGF) is essential for the correct development of the nervous system. 28798232 0 5 theme pro-part 85:92 arg1 domain 94:99 its regulatory pro-part domain 70:99 its regulatory pro-part domain 70:99 Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β reveals that its regulatory pro-part domain stabilizes three loop regions in its mature part. 28798232 7 6 theme proNGF 1081:1086 arg1 properties 1067:1076 the conformational properties 1048:1076 the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF 1048:1094 Here, using a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution, we analyzed the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF. 28798232 3 7 theme common 450:455 arg1 p75NTR 480:485 p75NTR 480:485 p75NTR 480:485 The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. 28798232 3 7 theme common 450:455 arg1 receptor 470:477 common neurotrophin receptor 450:477 common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) 450:486 The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. 28798232 5 8 from action 746:751 arg1 neurons 774:780 neurons 774:780 neurons 774:780 Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. 28798232 7 9 theme conformational 1052:1065 arg1 properties 1067:1076 the conformational properties 1048:1076 the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF 1048:1094 Here, using a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution, we analyzed the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF. 28798232 2 10 theme mature 264:269 arg1 form 271:274 a mature form 262:274 a mature form 262:274 NGF exists in both a mature form and a pro-form (proNGF). 28798232 11 11 theme proNGF 1661:1666 arg1 properties 1647:1656 the conformational properties 1628:1656 the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF 1628:1674 These results advance our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF and help provide a rationale for the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF at the molecular level. 28798232 9 12 theme mature 1258:1263 arg1 part 1265:1268 the mature part 1254:1268 the mature part of NGF and proNGF 1254:1286 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 10 13 link N-linked 1521:1528 arg1 glycosylations 1547:1560 two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations 1517:1560 two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations 1517:1560 Moreover, using tandem MS analyses, we identified two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 9 14 theme molecular 1444:1452 arg1 interaction 1454:1464 a direct molecular interaction 1435:1464 a direct molecular interaction 1435:1464 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 9 15 theme regions 1390:1396 arg1 stabilization 1362:1374 a structural stabilization 1349:1374 a structural stabilization of three loop regions 1349:1396 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 4 16 theme proNGF 529:534 arg1 overexpression 506:519 The overexpression 502:519 The overexpression of both proNGF and sortilin 502:547 The overexpression of both proNGF and sortilin has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. 28798232 5 17 theme better 695:700 arg1 understanding 702:714 a better understanding 693:714 a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons 693:780 Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. 28798232 5 18 from neurons 774:780 arg1 mechanisms 732:741 the opposing mechanisms 719:741 the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons 719:780 Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. 28798232 9 19 theme structural 1351:1360 arg1 stabilization 1362:1374 a structural stabilization 1349:1374 a structural stabilization of three loop regions 1349:1396 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 5 20 theme action 746:751 arg1 mechanisms 732:741 the opposing mechanisms 719:741 the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons 719:780 Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. 28798232 0 21 theme loop 118:121 arg1 regions 123:129 three loop regions 112:129 three loop regions 112:129 Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β reveals that its regulatory pro-part domain stabilizes three loop regions in its mature part. 28798232 5 22 theme proNGF 764:769 arg1 action 746:751 action 746:751 action of NGF and proNGF on neurons 746:780 Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. 28798232 10 23 theme MS 1490:1491 arg1 analyses 1493:1500 tandem MS analyses 1483:1500 tandem MS analyses 1483:1500 Moreover, using tandem MS analyses, we identified two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 8 24 theme localized 1127:1135 arg1 structure 1150:1158 a localized higher-order structure 1125:1158 a localized higher-order structure motif 1125:1164 We detected the presence of a localized higher-order structure motif in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 5 25 theme mechanisms 732:741 arg1 understanding 702:714 a better understanding 693:714 a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons 693:780 Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. 28798232 11 26 theme proNGF 1751:1756 arg1 effects 1732:1738 the diverse biological effects 1709:1738 the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF 1709:1756 These results advance our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF and help provide a rationale for the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF at the molecular level. 28798232 0 27 theme Conformational 0:13 arg1 characterization 15:30 Conformational characterization 0:30 Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β 0:55 Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β reveals that its regulatory pro-part domain stabilizes three loop regions in its mature part. 28798232 11 28 theme diverse 1713:1719 arg1 effects 1732:1738 the diverse biological effects 1709:1738 the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF 1709:1756 These results advance our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF and help provide a rationale for the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF at the molecular level. 28798232 8 29 theme proNGF 1185:1190 arg1 pro-part 1173:1180 the pro-part 1169:1180 the pro-part of proNGF 1169:1190 We detected the presence of a localized higher-order structure motif in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 8 30 theme motif 1160:1164 arg1 presence 1113:1120 the presence 1109:1120 the presence of a localized higher-order structure motif 1109:1164 We detected the presence of a localized higher-order structure motif in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 9 31 theme loop 1385:1388 arg1 regions 1390:1396 three loop regions 1379:1396 three loop regions 1379:1396 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 0 32 theme nerve 35:39 arg1 factor-β 48:55 nerve growth factor-β 35:55 nerve growth factor-β 35:55 Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β reveals that its regulatory pro-part domain stabilizes three loop regions in its mature part. 28798232 9 33 theme proNGF 1281:1286 arg1 part 1265:1268 the mature part 1254:1268 the mature part of NGF and proNGF 1254:1286 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 10 34 theme N-linked 1521:1528 arg1 glycosylations 1547:1560 two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations 1517:1560 two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations 1517:1560 Moreover, using tandem MS analyses, we identified two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 8 35 theme structure 1150:1158 arg1 motif 1160:1164 a localized higher-order structure motif 1125:1164 a localized higher-order structure motif 1125:1164 We detected the presence of a localized higher-order structure motif in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 3 36 theme sortilin 492:499 arg1 complex 435:441 a receptor complex 424:441 a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin 424:499 The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. 28798232 4 37 theme several 574:580 arg1 diseases 600:607 several neurodegenerative diseases 574:607 several neurodegenerative diseases 574:607 The overexpression of both proNGF and sortilin has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. 28798232 8 38 theme higher-order 1137:1148 arg1 structure 1150:1158 a localized higher-order structure 1125:1158 a localized higher-order structure motif 1125:1164 We detected the presence of a localized higher-order structure motif in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 7 39 theme MS-based 941:948 arg1 method 961:966 a sensitive MS-based analytical method 929:966 a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution 929:1033 Here, using a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution, we analyzed the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF. 28798232 6 40 theme NGF 817:819 arg1 structure 804:812 the structure 800:812 the structure of NGF 800:819 However, whereas the structure of NGF has been determined by X-ray crystallography, the structural details for proNGF remain elusive. 28798232 0 41 theme factor-β 48:55 arg1 characterization 15:30 Conformational characterization 0:30 Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β 0:55 Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β reveals that its regulatory pro-part domain stabilizes three loop regions in its mature part. 28798232 11 42 theme molecular 1765:1773 arg1 level 1775:1779 the molecular level 1761:1779 the molecular level 1761:1779 These results advance our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF and help provide a rationale for the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF at the molecular level. 28798232 11 43 theme conformational 1632:1645 arg1 properties 1647:1656 the conformational properties 1628:1656 the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF 1628:1674 These results advance our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF and help provide a rationale for the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF at the molecular level. 28798232 0 44 theme growth 41:46 arg1 factor-β 48:55 nerve growth factor-β 35:55 nerve growth factor-β 35:55 Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β reveals that its regulatory pro-part domain stabilizes three loop regions in its mature part. 28798232 11 45 theme NGF 1743:1745 arg1 effects 1732:1738 the diverse biological effects 1709:1738 the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF 1709:1756 These results advance our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF and help provide a rationale for the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF at the molecular level. 28798232 0 46 theme mature 138:143 arg1 part 145:148 its mature part 134:148 its mature part 134:148 Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β reveals that its regulatory pro-part domain stabilizes three loop regions in its mature part. 28798232 9 47 theme mature 1405:1410 arg1 part 1412:1415 the mature part 1401:1415 the mature part 1401:1415 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 3 48 theme opposing 320:327 arg1 effects 329:335 opposing effects 320:335 opposing effects 320:335 The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. 28798232 1 49 theme correct 200:206 arg1 development 208:218 the correct development 196:218 the correct development of the nervous system 196:240 Nerve growth factor-β (NGF) is essential for the correct development of the nervous system. 28798232 5 50 theme conformational 628:641 arg1 differences 643:653 the conformational differences 624:653 the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF 624:676 Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. 28798232 11 51 theme biological 1721:1730 arg1 effects 1732:1738 the diverse biological effects 1709:1738 the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF 1709:1756 These results advance our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF and help provide a rationale for the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF at the molecular level. 28798232 9 52 from presence 1307:1314 arg1 proNGF 1335:1340 proNGF 1335:1340 proNGF 1335:1340 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 9 53 theme direct 1437:1442 arg1 interaction 1454:1464 a direct molecular interaction 1435:1464 a direct molecular interaction 1435:1464 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 7 54 theme proteins 1014:1021 arg1 exchange 1002:1009 the hydrogen/deuterium exchange 979:1009 the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution 979:1033 Here, using a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution, we analyzed the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF. 28798232 5 55 theme NGF 756:758 arg1 action 746:751 action 746:751 action of NGF and proNGF on neurons 746:780 Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. 28798232 11 56 theme properties 1647:1656 arg1 knowledge 1615:1623 our knowledge 1611:1623 our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF 1611:1674 These results advance our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF and help provide a rationale for the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF at the molecular level. 28798232 1 57 theme Nerve 151:155 arg1 NGF 174:176 NGF 174:176 NGF 174:176 Nerve growth factor-β (NGF) is essential for the correct development of the nervous system. 28798232 1 57 theme Nerve 151:155 arg1 factor-β 164:171 Nerve growth factor-β 151:171 Nerve growth factor-β (NGF) 151:177 Nerve growth factor-β (NGF) is essential for the correct development of the nervous system. 28798232 3 58 contain have 315:318 arg1 forms 309:313 The two forms 301:313 The two forms 301:313 The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. 28798232 3 58 contain have 315:318 arg2 effects 329:335 opposing effects 320:335 opposing effects 320:335 The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. 28798232 10 59 theme tandem 1483:1488 arg1 analyses 1493:1500 tandem MS analyses 1483:1500 tandem MS analyses 1483:1500 Moreover, using tandem MS analyses, we identified two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 6 60 theme structural 871:880 arg1 details 882:888 the structural details 867:888 the structural details for proNGF 867:899 However, whereas the structure of NGF has been determined by X-ray crystallography, the structural details for proNGF remain elusive. 28798232 5 61 from mechanisms 732:741 arg1 neurons 774:780 neurons 774:780 neurons 774:780 Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. 28798232 7 62 theme NGF 1092:1094 arg1 properties 1067:1076 the conformational properties 1048:1076 the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF 1048:1094 Here, using a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution, we analyzed the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF. 28798232 7 63 theme analytical 950:959 arg1 method 961:966 a sensitive MS-based analytical method 929:966 a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution 929:1033 Here, using a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution, we analyzed the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF. 28798232 10 64 theme proNGF 1581:1586 arg1 pro-part 1569:1576 the pro-part 1565:1576 the pro-part of proNGF 1565:1586 Moreover, using tandem MS analyses, we identified two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 10 65 link O-linked 1538:1545 arg1 glycosylations 1547:1560 two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations 1517:1560 two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations 1517:1560 Moreover, using tandem MS analyses, we identified two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 11 66 theme NGF 1672:1674 arg1 properties 1647:1656 the conformational properties 1628:1656 the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF 1628:1674 These results advance our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF and help provide a rationale for the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF at the molecular level. 28798232 9 67 theme pro-part 1323:1330 arg1 presence 1307:1314 the presence 1303:1314 the presence of the pro-part in proNGF 1303:1340 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 3 68 theme receptor 426:433 arg1 complex 435:441 a receptor complex 424:441 a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin 424:499 The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. 28798232 4 69 theme sortilin 540:547 arg1 overexpression 506:519 The overexpression 502:519 The overexpression of both proNGF and sortilin 502:547 The overexpression of both proNGF and sortilin has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. 28798232 0 70 theme regulatory 74:83 arg1 domain 94:99 its regulatory pro-part domain 70:99 its regulatory pro-part domain 70:99 Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β reveals that its regulatory pro-part domain stabilizes three loop regions in its mature part. 28798232 4 71 theme neurodegenerative 582:598 arg1 diseases 600:607 several neurodegenerative diseases 574:607 several neurodegenerative diseases 574:607 The overexpression of both proNGF and sortilin has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. 28798232 7 72 theme sensitive 931:939 arg1 method 961:966 a sensitive MS-based analytical method 929:966 a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution 929:1033 Here, using a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution, we analyzed the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF. 28798232 3 73 theme neurotrophin 457:468 arg1 p75NTR 480:485 p75NTR 480:485 p75NTR 480:485 The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. 28798232 3 73 theme neurotrophin 457:468 arg1 receptor 470:477 common neurotrophin receptor 450:477 common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) 450:486 The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. 28798232 6 74 theme X-ray 844:848 arg1 crystallography 850:864 X-ray crystallography 844:864 X-ray crystallography 844:864 However, whereas the structure of NGF has been determined by X-ray crystallography, the structural details for proNGF remain elusive. 28798232 9 75 theme hydrogen/deuterium 1223:1240 arg1 exchange 1242:1249 the hydrogen/deuterium exchange 1219:1249 the hydrogen/deuterium exchange 1219:1249 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 7 76 from exchange 1002:1009 arg1 solution 1026:1033 solution 1026:1033 solution 1026:1033 Here, using a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution, we analyzed the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF. 28798232 9 77 attach presence 1307:1314 arg1 proNGF 1335:1340 proNGF 1335:1340 proNGF 1335:1340 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 9 77 attach presence 1307:1314 arg2 pro-part 1323:1330 the pro-part 1319:1330 the pro-part 1319:1330 Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. 28798232 3 78 theme receptor 470:477 arg1 complex 435:441 a receptor complex 424:441 a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin 424:499 The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. 28798232 10 79 theme O-linked 1538:1545 arg1 glycosylations 1547:1560 two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations 1517:1560 two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations 1517:1560 Moreover, using tandem MS analyses, we identified two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations in the pro-part of proNGF. 28798232 1 80 theme nervous 227:233 arg1 system 235:240 the nervous system 223:240 the nervous system 223:240 Nerve growth factor-β (NGF) is essential for the correct development of the nervous system. 28632118 10 0 theme genus 1429:1433 arg1 Tessaracoccus 1435:1447 the genus Tessaracoccus 1425:1447 the genus Tessaracoccus 1425:1447 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 4 1 theme gene 417:420 arg1 sequence 422:429 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 404:429 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 404:429 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 5 2 dep had 716:718 arg1  0 865:866  0 865:866  0 as the major fatty acid 865:890 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 5 3 from acid 769:772 arg1 peptidoglycan 791:803 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:803 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:803 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 12 4 theme 39760T=NBRC 1547:1557 arg1 1319T 1535:1539 CAU 1319T 1531:1539 CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T) 1531:1566 The type strain is CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T). 28632118 12 4 theme 39760T=NBRC 1547:1557 arg1 111973T 1559:1565 =KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T 1541:1565 =KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T 1541:1565 The type strain is CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T). 28632118 10 5 theme phenotypic 1287:1296 arg1 properties 1317:1326 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 1287:1326 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 1287:1326 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 4 6 theme Ben 610:612 arg1 106T 614:617 Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T 583:617 Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) 583:638 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 4 6 theme Ben 610:612 arg1 % 637:637 similarity 95.64 % 620:637 similarity 95.64 % 620:637 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 10 7 theme phylogenetic 1340:1351 arg1 relatedness 1353:1363 phylogenetic relatedness 1340:1363 phylogenetic relatedness 1340:1363 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 10 8 theme name 1464:1467 arg1 sp 1490:1491 the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp 1460:1491 the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp 1460:1491 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 5 9 from MK-9 806:809 arg1 peptidoglycan 791:803 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:803 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:803 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 2 10 theme polyphasic 261:270 arg1 approach 272:279 a polyphasic approach 259:279 a polyphasic approach 259:279 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 5 11 from anteiso-C15  852:863 arg1 peptidoglycan 791:803 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:803 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:803 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 9 12 theme DNA 1220:1222 arg1 % 1268:1268 69.5 mol% 1260:1268 69.5 mol% 1260:1268 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 69.5 mol%. 28632118 9 12 theme DNA 1220:1222 arg1 content 1228:1234 The DNA G+C content 1216:1234 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 1216:1254 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 69.5 mol%. 28632118 9 13 theme G+C 1224:1226 arg1 % 1268:1268 69.5 mol% 1260:1268 69.5 mol% 1260:1268 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 69.5 mol%. 28632118 9 13 theme G+C 1224:1226 arg1 content 1228:1234 The DNA G+C content 1216:1234 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 1216:1254 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 69.5 mol%. 28632118 10 14 theme CAU 1373:1375 arg1 1319Tshould 1377:1387 strain CAU 1319Tshould 1366:1387 strain CAU 1319Tshould 1366:1387 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 10 14 theme CAU 1373:1375 arg1 species 1414:1420 a novel species 1406:1420 a novel species 1406:1420 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 5 15 theme CAU 706:708 arg1 1319T 710:714 Strain CAU 1319T 699:714 Strain CAU 1319T 699:714 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 12 16 theme CAU 1531:1533 arg1 strain 1521:1526 The type strain 1512:1526 The type strain 1512:1526 The type strain is CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T). 28632118 12 16 theme CAU 1531:1533 arg1 1319T 1535:1539 CAU 1319T 1531:1539 CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T) 1531:1566 The type strain is CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T). 28632118 12 16 theme CAU 1531:1533 arg1 111973T 1559:1565 =KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T 1541:1565 =KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T 1541:1565 The type strain is CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T). 28632118 3 17 theme NaCl 366:369 arg1 presence 344:351 the presence 340:351 the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl 340:369 Strain CAU 1319T grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.5 in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 28632118 5 18 theme Strain 699:704 arg1 1319T 710:714 Strain CAU 1319T 699:714 Strain CAU 1319T 699:714 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 2 19 theme bacterial 133:141 arg1 strain 143:148 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 55:148 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 55:148 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 10 20 theme strain 1366:1371 arg1 1319Tshould 1377:1387 strain CAU 1319Tshould 1366:1387 strain CAU 1319Tshould 1366:1387 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 10 20 theme strain 1366:1371 arg1 species 1414:1420 a novel species 1406:1420 a novel species 1406:1420 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 4 21 theme similarity 678:687 arg1 % 695:695 similarity 95.84 % 678:695 similarity 95.84 % 678:695 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 4 21 theme similarity 678:687 arg1 SST-39T 669:675 Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T 644:675 Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %) 644:696 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 6 22 theme unidentified 971:982 arg1 aminolipids 984:994 two unidentified aminolipids 967:994 two unidentified aminolipids 967:994 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. 28632118 8 23 theme CAU 1163:1165 arg1 1319T 1167:1171 strain CAU 1319T 1156:1171 strain CAU 1319T 1156:1171 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CAU 1319T and T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T was 24 %±0.2. 28632118 0 24 theme arenae 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Tessaracoccus arenae sp 0:22 Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 0:23 Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 4 25 theme 16S 408:410 arg1 rRNA 412:415 the 16S rRNA 404:415 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 404:429 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 3 26 dep % 358:358 arg1 w/v 361:363 w/v 361:363 w/v 361:363 Strain CAU 1319T grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.5 in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 28632118 8 27 dep T. 1177:1178 arg1 lapidicaptus 1180:1191 lapidicaptus 1180:1191 lapidicaptus 1180:1191 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CAU 1319T and T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T was 24 %±0.2. 28632118 8 28 theme T. 1177:1178 arg1 IPBSL-7T 1193:1200 T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T 1177:1200 T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T 1177:1200 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CAU 1319T and T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T was 24 %±0.2. 28632118 0 29 theme Tessaracoccus 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Tessaracoccus arenae sp 0:22 Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 0:23 Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 10 30 theme chemotaxonomic 1302:1315 arg1 properties 1317:1326 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 1287:1326 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 1287:1326 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 4 31 dep Tessaracoccus 525:537 arg1 lapidicaptus 539:550 lapidicaptus 539:550 lapidicaptus 539:550 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 12 32 theme type 1516:1519 arg1 strain 1521:1526 The type strain 1512:1526 The type strain 1512:1526 The type strain is CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T). 28632118 12 32 theme type 1516:1519 arg1 1319T 1535:1539 CAU 1319T 1531:1539 CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T) 1531:1566 The type strain is CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T). 28632118 2 33 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 sand 195:198 sea sand 191:198 sea sand 191:198 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 2 33 attach isolated 177:184 arg2 strain 143:148 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 55:148 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 55:148 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 8 34 theme DNA-DNA 1120:1126 arg1 hybridization 1128:1140 DNA-DNA hybridization 1120:1140 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CAU 1319T and T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T 1116:1200 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CAU 1319T and T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T was 24 %±0.2. 28632118 5 35 theme major 875:879 arg1 acid 887:890 the major fatty acid 871:890 the major fatty acid 871:890 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 6 36 theme unidentified 1038:1049 arg1 glycolipid 1051:1060 one unidentified glycolipid 1034:1060 one unidentified glycolipid 1034:1060 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. 28632118 5 37 theme ll-diaminopimelic 720:736 arg1 acid 769:772 the diagnostic diamino acid 746:772 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 746:803 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 5 37 theme ll-diaminopimelic 720:736 arg1 acid 738:741 ll-diaminopimelic acid 720:741 ll-diaminopimelic acid 720:741 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 4 38 theme genus 478:482 arg1 Tessaracoccus 484:496 the genus Tessaracoccus 474:496 the genus Tessaracoccus 474:496 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 5 39 theme predominant 823:833 arg1 menaquinone 835:845 the predominant menaquinone 819:845 the predominant menaquinone 819:845 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 4 40 theme Tessaracoccus 644:656 arg1 % 695:695 similarity 95.84 % 678:695 similarity 95.84 % 678:695 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 4 40 theme Tessaracoccus 644:656 arg1 SST-39T 669:675 Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T 644:675 Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %) 644:696 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 5 41 theme cell-wall 781:789 arg1 peptidoglycan 791:803 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:803 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 777:803 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 3 42 theme % 358:358 arg1 NaCl 366:369 2 % (w/v) NaCl 356:369 2 % (w/v) NaCl 356:369 Strain CAU 1319T grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.5 in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 28632118 4 43 theme Phylogenetic 372:383 arg1 analysis 385:392 Phylogenetic analysis 372:392 Phylogenetic analysis 372:392 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 4 44 theme similarity 562:571 arg1 % 579:579 similarity 97.69 % 562:579 similarity 97.69 % 562:579 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 4 44 theme similarity 562:571 arg1 IPBSL-7T 552:559 Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T 525:559 Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %) 525:580 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 5 45 theme diamino 761:767 arg1 acid 769:772 the diagnostic diamino acid 746:772 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 746:803 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 5 45 theme diamino 761:767 arg1 acid 738:741 ll-diaminopimelic acid 720:741 ll-diaminopimelic acid 720:741 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 4 46 theme strain 446:451 arg1 1319T 457:461 strain CAU 1319T 446:461 strain CAU 1319T 446:461 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 7 47 theme Predominant 1063:1073 arg1 polyamines 1075:1084 Predominant polyamines 1063:1084 Predominant polyamines 1063:1084 Predominant polyamines were spermine and spermidine. 28632118 2 48 theme CAU 162:164 arg1 1319T 166:170 CAU 1319T 162:170 CAU 1319T 162:170 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 10 49 theme arenae 1483:1488 arg1 sp 1490:1491 the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp 1460:1491 the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp 1460:1491 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 5 50 theme diagnostic 750:759 arg1 acid 769:772 the diagnostic diamino acid 746:772 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 746:803 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 5 50 theme diagnostic 750:759 arg1 acid 738:741 ll-diaminopimelic acid 720:741 ll-diaminopimelic acid 720:741 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 8 51 theme strain 1156:1161 arg1 1319T 1167:1171 strain CAU 1319T 1156:1171 strain CAU 1319T 1156:1171 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CAU 1319T and T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T was 24 %±0.2. 28632118 9 52 theme 69.5 mol 1260:1267 arg1 % 1268:1268 69.5 mol% 1260:1268 69.5 mol% 1260:1268 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 69.5 mol%. 28632118 9 52 theme 69.5 mol 1260:1267 arg1 content 1228:1234 The DNA G+C content 1216:1234 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 1216:1254 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 69.5 mol%. 28632118 3 53 theme Strain 282:287 arg1 1319T 293:297 Strain CAU 1319T 282:297 Strain CAU 1319T 282:297 Strain CAU 1319T grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.5 in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 28632118 9 54 theme novel 1243:1247 arg1 strain 1249:1254 the novel strain 1239:1254 the novel strain 1239:1254 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 69.5 mol%. 28632118 4 55 theme rRNA 412:415 arg1 sequence 422:429 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 404:429 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 404:429 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 4 56 theme similarity 620:629 arg1 106T 614:617 Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T 583:617 Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) 583:638 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 4 56 theme similarity 620:629 arg1 % 637:637 similarity 95.64 % 620:637 similarity 95.64 % 620:637 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 3 57 theme 2  356:357 arg1 % 358:358 % 358:358 % 358:358 Strain CAU 1319T grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.5 in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 28632118 2 58 theme positive 68:75 arg1 strain 143:148 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 55:148 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 55:148 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 3 59 theme CAU 289:291 arg1 1319T 293:297 Strain CAU 1319T 282:297 Strain CAU 1319T 282:297 Strain CAU 1319T grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.5 in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 28632118 2 60 theme sea 191:193 arg1 sand 195:198 sea sand 191:198 sea sand 191:198 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 4 61 dep Tessaracoccus 644:656 arg1 flavescens 658:667 flavescens 658:667 flavescens 658:667 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 4 62 theme CAU 453:455 arg1 1319T 457:461 strain CAU 1319T 446:461 strain CAU 1319T 446:461 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 10 63 theme novel 1408:1412 arg1 1319Tshould 1377:1387 strain CAU 1319Tshould 1366:1387 strain CAU 1319Tshould 1366:1387 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 10 63 theme novel 1408:1412 arg1 species 1414:1420 a novel species 1406:1420 a novel species 1406:1420 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 9 64 theme strain 1249:1254 arg1 % 1268:1268 69.5 mol% 1260:1268 69.5 mol% 1260:1268 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 69.5 mol%. 28632118 9 64 theme strain 1249:1254 arg1 content 1228:1234 The DNA G+C content 1216:1234 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 1216:1254 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 69.5 mol%. 28632118 12 65 theme =KCTC 1541:1545 arg1 1319T 1535:1539 CAU 1319T 1531:1539 CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T) 1531:1566 The type strain is CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T). 28632118 12 65 theme =KCTC 1541:1545 arg1 111973T 1559:1565 =KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T 1541:1565 =KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T 1541:1565 The type strain is CAU 1319T(=KCTC 39760T=NBRC 111973T). 28632118 6 66 theme polar 897:901 arg1 lipids 903:908 The polar lipids 893:908 The polar lipids 893:908 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. 28632118 4 67 dep Tessaracoccus 583:595 arg1 bendigoensis 597:608 bendigoensis 597:608 bendigoensis 597:608 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 1 68 theme sea 45:47 arg1 sand 49:52 sea sand 45:52 sea sand 45:52 nov., isolated from sea sand. 28632118 6 69 theme unidentified 1003:1014 arg1 phospholipids 1016:1028 three unidentified phospholipids 997:1028 three unidentified phospholipids 997:1028 The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. 28632118 8 70 theme hybridization 1128:1140 arg1 value 1142:1146 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 1116:1146 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CAU 1319T and T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T 1116:1200 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CAU 1319T and T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T was 24 %±0.2. 28632118 8 70 theme hybridization 1128:1140 arg1 % 1209:1209 24 %±0.2 1206:1213 24 %±0.2 1206:1213 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CAU 1319T and T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T was 24 %±0.2. 28632118 2 71 theme taxonomic 217:225 arg1 position 227:234 the strain's taxonomic position 204:234 the strain's taxonomic position 204:234 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 5 72 contain had 716:718 arg1 1319T 710:714 Strain CAU 1319T 699:714 Strain CAU 1319T 699:714 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 5 72 contain had 716:718 arg2 acid 769:772 the diagnostic diamino acid 746:772 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 746:803 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 5 72 contain had 716:718 arg2 acid 738:741 ll-diaminopimelic acid 720:741 ll-diaminopimelic acid 720:741 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 10 73 dep properties 1317:1326 arg1 the 1274:1276 the 1274:1276 the 1274:1276 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 10 73 dep properties 1317:1326 arg1 basis 1278:1282 basis 1278:1282 basis 1278:1282 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 4 74 theme Tessaracoccus 525:537 arg1 % 579:579 similarity 97.69 % 562:579 similarity 97.69 % 562:579 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 4 74 theme Tessaracoccus 525:537 arg1 IPBSL-7T 552:559 Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T 525:559 Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %) 525:580 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 10 75 theme Tessaracoccus 1435:1447 arg1 1319Tshould 1377:1387 strain CAU 1319Tshould 1366:1387 strain CAU 1319Tshould 1366:1387 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 10 75 theme Tessaracoccus 1435:1447 arg1 species 1414:1420 a novel species 1406:1420 a novel species 1406:1420 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 2 76 dep positive 68:75 arg1 non-motile 97:106 non-motile 97:106 non-motile 97:106 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 2 76 dep positive 68:75 arg1 anaerobic 123:131 anaerobic 123:131 anaerobic 123:131 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 2 76 dep positive 68:75 arg1 non-spore-forming 78:94 non-spore-forming 78:94 non-spore-forming 78:94 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain's taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 28632118 5 77 theme fatty 881:885 arg1 acid 887:890 the major fatty acid 871:890 the major fatty acid 871:890 Strain CAU 1319T had ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. 28632118 10 78 theme Tessaracoccus 1469:1481 arg1 sp 1490:1491 the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp 1460:1491 the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp 1460:1491 On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. 28632118 4 79 theme Tessaracoccus 583:595 arg1 106T 614:617 Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T 583:617 Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) 583:638 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28632118 4 79 theme Tessaracoccus 583:595 arg1 % 637:637 similarity 95.64 % 620:637 similarity 95.64 % 620:637 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (similarity 95.84 %). 28056223 12 0 theme novel 1568:1572 arg1 species 1574:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 11 1 theme DSM 1299:1301 arg1 20123T 1303:1308 DSM 20123T 1299:1308 DSM 20123T 1299:1308 nicotianae DSM 20123T, G. arilaitensis Re117T and G. mysorens LMG 16219T were 47.5±2.6, 51.3±3.1 and 41.2±4.3 %, respectively. 28056223 12 2 theme chemotaxonomic 1486:1499 arg1 data 1501:1504 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1457:1504 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1457:1504 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 12 2 theme chemotaxonomic 1486:1499 arg1 hybridization 1442:1454 DNA-DNA hybridization 1434:1454 DNA-DNA hybridization 1434:1454 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 7 3 theme  0 714:715 arg1 anteiso-C15  701:712 anteiso-C15  701:712 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 701:731 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 28056223 7 3 theme  0 714:715 arg1 acids 763:767 the major cellular fatty acids 738:767 the major cellular fatty acids 738:767 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 28056223 12 4 theme phylogenetic 1457:1468 arg1 data 1501:1504 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1457:1504 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1457:1504 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 12 4 theme phylogenetic 1457:1468 arg1 hybridization 1442:1454 DNA-DNA hybridization 1434:1454 DNA-DNA hybridization 1434:1454 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 11 5 dep nicotianae 1288:1297 arg1 20123T 1303:1308 DSM 20123T 1299:1308 DSM 20123T 1299:1308 nicotianae DSM 20123T, G. arilaitensis Re117T and G. mysorens LMG 16219T were 47.5±2.6, 51.3±3.1 and 41.2±4.3 %, respectively. 28056223 9 6 theme other 1149:1153 arg1 strains 1160:1166 other type strains 1149:1166 other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter 1149:1195 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 6 7 theme unknown 622:628 arg1 phospholipid 630:641 one unknown phospholipid 618:641 one unknown phospholipid 618:641 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified lipids. 28056223 8 8 theme KLBMP 800:804 arg1 5180T 806:810 strain KLBMP 5180T 793:810 strain KLBMP 5180T 793:810 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. 28056223 9 9 theme genus 928:932 arg1 Glutamicibacter 934:948 the genus Glutamicibacter 924:948 the genus Glutamicibacter 924:948 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 10 theme type 1155:1158 arg1 strains 1160:1166 other type strains 1149:1166 other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter 1149:1195 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 8 11 theme strain 793:798 arg1 5180T 806:810 strain KLBMP 5180T 793:810 strain KLBMP 5180T 793:810 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. 28056223 14 12 theme KLBMP 1701:1705 arg1 strain 1691:1696 The type strain 1682:1696 The type strain 1682:1696 The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T). 28056223 14 12 theme KLBMP 1701:1705 arg1 5180T 1707:1711 KLBMP 5180T 1701:1711 KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T) 1701:1738 The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T). 28056223 14 12 theme KLBMP 1701:1705 arg1 39692T 1732:1737 =DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T 1714:1737 =DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T 1714:1737 The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T). 28056223 2 13 theme novel 135:139 arg1 actinobacterium 141:155 A novel actinobacterium 133:155 A novel actinobacterium 133:155 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 14 14 theme 101718T=KCTC 1719:1730 arg1 5180T 1707:1711 KLBMP 5180T 1701:1711 KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T) 1701:1738 The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T). 28056223 14 14 theme 101718T=KCTC 1719:1730 arg1 39692T 1732:1737 =DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T 1714:1737 =DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T 1714:1737 The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T). 28056223 12 15 theme DNA-DNA 1434:1440 arg1 data 1501:1504 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1457:1504 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1457:1504 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 12 15 theme DNA-DNA 1434:1440 arg1 hybridization 1442:1454 DNA-DNA hybridization 1434:1454 DNA-DNA hybridization 1434:1454 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 2 16 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 actinobacterium 141:155 A novel actinobacterium 133:155 A novel actinobacterium 133:155 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 2 16 attach isolated 186:193 arg1 root 223:226 the surface-sterilized root 200:226 the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China 200:340 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 14 17 theme type 1686:1689 arg1 strain 1691:1696 The type strain 1682:1696 The type strain 1682:1696 The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T). 28056223 14 17 theme type 1686:1689 arg1 5180T 1707:1711 KLBMP 5180T 1701:1711 KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T) 1701:1738 The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T). 28056223 9 18 theme Phylogenetic 827:838 arg1 analysis 840:847 Phylogenetic analysis 827:847 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 827:880 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 2 19 theme Limonium 252:259 arg1 halophyte 241:249 a coastal halophyte 231:249 a coastal halophyte 231:249 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 2 19 theme Limonium 252:259 arg1 sinense 261:267 Limonium sinense 252:267 Limonium sinense 252:267 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 10 20 theme relatedness 1237:1247 arg1 values 1249:1254 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1229:1254 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 5180T 1229:1281 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 5180T, G . 28056223 0 21 theme halophytocola 16:28 arg1 sp 30:31 Glutamicibacter halophytocola sp 0:31 Glutamicibacter halophytocola sp. 0:32 Glutamicibacter halophytocola sp. 28056223 4 22 theme glutamic 463:470 arg1 lysine 455:460 lysine 455:460 lysine 455:460 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine. 28056223 4 22 theme glutamic 463:470 arg1 acid 472:475 glutamic acid 463:475 glutamic acid 463:475 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine. 28056223 10 23 theme DNA-DNA 1229:1235 arg1 values 1249:1254 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1229:1254 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 5180T 1229:1281 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 5180T, G . 28056223 0 24 theme Glutamicibacter 0:14 arg1 sp 30:31 Glutamicibacter halophytocola sp 0:31 Glutamicibacter halophytocola sp. 0:32 Glutamicibacter halophytocola sp. 28056223 1 25 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 actinomycete 54:65 an endophytic actinomycete 40:65 an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense 40:130 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense. 28056223 1 25 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense. 28056223 1 25 attach isolated 67:74 arg1 roots 85:89 the roots 81:89 the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense 81:130 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense. 28056223 9 26 dep Glutamicibacter 982:996 arg1 20123T 1013:1018 DSM 20123T 1009:1018 DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity) 1009:1038 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 26 dep Glutamicibacter 982:996 arg1 nicotianae 998:1007 Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %) 982:1132 nicotianae 998:1007 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 26 dep Glutamicibacter 982:996 arg1 similarity 1028:1037 99.3 % similarity 1021:1037 99.3 % similarity 1021:1037 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 26 dep Glutamicibacter 982:996 arg1 mysorens 1105:1112 mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %) 1105:1132 mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %) 1105:1132 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 27 theme % 1026:1026 arg1 20123T 1013:1018 DSM 20123T 1009:1018 DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity) 1009:1038 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 27 theme % 1026:1026 arg1 similarity 1028:1037 99.3 % similarity 1021:1037 99.3 % similarity 1021:1037 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 12 28 theme Glutamicibacterhalophytocola 1631:1658 arg1 sp 1660:1661 the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp 1622:1661 the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp 1622:1661 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 12 29 theme Glutamicibacter 1595:1609 arg1 species 1574:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 7 30 theme iso-C16  721:728 arg1 anteiso-C15  701:712 anteiso-C15  701:712 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 701:731 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 28056223 7 30 theme iso-C16  721:728 arg1 acids 763:767 the major cellular fatty acids 738:767 the major cellular fatty acids 738:767 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 28056223 9 31 theme genus 1175:1179 arg1 Glutamicibacter 1181:1195 the genus Glutamicibacter 1171:1195 the genus Glutamicibacter 1171:1195 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 32 theme Glutamicibacter 1181:1195 arg1 strains 1160:1166 other type strains 1149:1166 other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter 1149:1195 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 10 33 dep G 1284:1284 arg1 values 1249:1254 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1229:1254 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 5180T 1229:1281 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 5180T, G . 28056223 9 34 dep mysorens 1105:1112 arg1 16219T 1118:1123 LMG 16219T 1114:1123 mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %) 1105:1132 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 34 dep mysorens 1105:1112 arg1 % 1131:1131 99.1 % 1126:1131 99.1 % 1126:1131 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 35 theme 16S 858:860 arg1 sequences 872:880 16S rRNA gene sequences 858:880 16S rRNA gene sequences 858:880 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 4 36 theme cell-wall 426:434 arg1 peptidoglycan 436:448 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 422:448 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 422:448 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine. 28056223 1 37 theme coastal 96:102 arg1 halophyte 104:112 a coastal halophyte 94:112 a coastal halophyte 94:112 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense. 28056223 1 37 theme coastal 96:102 arg1 sinense 124:130 Limonium sinense 115:130 Limonium sinense 115:130 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense. 28056223 10 38 theme KLBMP 1271:1275 arg1 5180T 1277:1281 strain KLBMP 5180T 1264:1281 strain KLBMP 5180T 1264:1281 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 5180T, G . 28056223 12 39 theme name 1626:1629 arg1 sp 1660:1661 the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp 1622:1661 the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp 1622:1661 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 9 40 theme rRNA 862:865 arg1 sequences 872:880 16S rRNA gene sequences 858:880 16S rRNA gene sequences 858:880 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 2 41 theme KLBMP 169:173 arg1 5180T 175:179 KLBMP 5180T 169:179 KLBMP 5180T 169:179 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 6 42 theme unidentified 680:691 arg1 lipids 693:698 two unidentified lipids 676:698 two unidentified lipids 676:698 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified lipids. 28056223 14 43 theme =DSM 1714:1717 arg1 5180T 1707:1711 KLBMP 5180T 1701:1711 KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T) 1701:1738 The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T). 28056223 14 43 theme =DSM 1714:1717 arg1 39692T 1732:1737 =DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T 1714:1737 =DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T 1714:1737 The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T). 28056223 9 44 theme gene 867:870 arg1 sequences 872:880 16S rRNA gene sequences 858:880 16S rRNA gene sequences 858:880 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 12 45 theme phenotypic 1471:1480 arg1 data 1501:1504 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1457:1504 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1457:1504 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 12 45 theme phenotypic 1471:1480 arg1 hybridization 1442:1454 DNA-DNA hybridization 1434:1454 DNA-DNA hybridization 1434:1454 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 8 46 theme G+C 778:780 arg1 % 824:824 60.0 mol% 816:824 60.0 mol% 816:824 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. 28056223 8 46 theme G+C 778:780 arg1 content 782:788 The DNA G+C content 770:788 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T 770:810 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. 28056223 9 47 theme LMG 1114:1116 arg1 16219T 1118:1123 LMG 16219T 1114:1123 mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %) 1105:1132 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 47 theme LMG 1114:1116 arg1 % 1131:1131 99.1 % 1126:1131 99.1 % 1126:1131 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 12 48 theme KLBMP 1543:1547 arg1 5180T 1549:1553 strain KLBMP 5180T 1536:1553 strain KLBMP 5180T 1536:1553 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 10 49 theme strain 1264:1269 arg1 5180T 1277:1281 strain KLBMP 5180T 1264:1281 strain KLBMP 5180T 1264:1281 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 5180T, G . 28056223 4 50 theme peptidoglycan 436:448 arg1 components 408:417 The components 404:417 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 404:448 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine. 28056223 4 50 theme peptidoglycan 436:448 arg1 lysine 455:460 lysine 455:460 lysine 455:460 The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine. 28056223 2 51 theme surface-sterilized 204:221 arg1 root 223:226 the surface-sterilized root 200:226 the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China 200:340 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 1 52 theme halophyte 104:112 arg1 roots 85:89 the roots 81:89 the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense 81:130 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense. 28056223 9 53 theme DSM 1009:1011 arg1 20123T 1013:1018 DSM 20123T 1009:1018 DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity) 1009:1038 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 53 theme DSM 1009:1011 arg1 similarity 1028:1037 99.3 % similarity 1021:1037 99.3 % similarity 1021:1037 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 11 54 theme 51.3±3.1 and 1376:1387 arg1 % 1398:1398 51.3±3.1 and 41.2±4.3 % 1376:1398 51.3±3.1 and 41.2±4.3 % 1376:1398 nicotianae DSM 20123T, G. arilaitensis Re117T and G. mysorens LMG 16219T were 47.5±2.6, 51.3±3.1 and 41.2±4.3 %, respectively. 28056223 11 54 theme 51.3±3.1 and 1376:1387 arg1 47.5±2.6 1366:1373 47.5±2.6 1366:1373 47.5±2.6 1366:1373 nicotianae DSM 20123T, G. arilaitensis Re117T and G. mysorens LMG 16219T were 47.5±2.6, 51.3±3.1 and 41.2±4.3 %, respectively. 28056223 1 55 theme Limonium 115:122 arg1 halophyte 104:112 a coastal halophyte 94:112 a coastal halophyte 94:112 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense. 28056223 1 55 theme Limonium 115:122 arg1 sinense 124:130 Limonium sinense 115:130 Limonium sinense 115:130 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense. 28056223 8 56 theme 5180T 806:810 arg1 % 824:824 60.0 mol% 816:824 60.0 mol% 816:824 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. 28056223 8 56 theme 5180T 806:810 arg1 content 782:788 The DNA G+C content 770:788 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T 770:810 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. 28056223 7 57 theme fatty 757:761 arg1 anteiso-C15  701:712 anteiso-C15  701:712 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 701:731 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 28056223 7 57 theme fatty 757:761 arg1 acids 763:767 the major cellular fatty acids 738:767 the major cellular fatty acids 738:767 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 28056223 9 58 theme strain 894:899 arg1 5180T 907:911 strain KLBMP 5180T 894:911 strain KLBMP 5180T 894:911 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 12 59 theme hybridization 1442:1454 arg1 combination 1419:1429 The combination 1415:1429 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1415:1504 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 2 60 theme halophyte 241:249 arg1 root 223:226 the surface-sterilized root 200:226 the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China 200:340 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 5 61 theme predominant 494:504 arg1 MK-9 522:525 MK-9 522:525 MK-9 522:525 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. 28056223 5 61 theme predominant 494:504 arg1 menaquinone 506:516 The predominant menaquinone 490:516 The predominant menaquinone 490:516 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. 28056223 12 62 theme genus 1589:1593 arg1 Glutamicibacter 1595:1609 the genus Glutamicibacter 1585:1609 the genus Glutamicibacter 1585:1609 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 9 63 theme 99.3  1021:1025 arg1 20123T 1013:1018 DSM 20123T 1009:1018 DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity) 1009:1038 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 9 63 theme 99.3  1021:1025 arg1 similarity 1028:1037 99.3 % similarity 1021:1037 99.3 % similarity 1021:1037 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 12 64 theme strain 1536:1541 arg1 5180T 1549:1553 strain KLBMP 5180T 1536:1553 strain KLBMP 5180T 1536:1553 The combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacterhalophytocola sp. 28056223 9 65 theme KLBMP 901:905 arg1 5180T 907:911 strain KLBMP 5180T 894:911 strain KLBMP 5180T 894:911 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. 28056223 8 66 theme 60.0 mol 816:823 arg1 % 824:824 60.0 mol% 816:824 60.0 mol% 816:824 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. 28056223 8 66 theme 60.0 mol 816:823 arg1 content 782:788 The DNA G+C content 770:788 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T 770:810 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. 28056223 2 67 theme coastal 233:239 arg1 halophyte 241:249 a coastal halophyte 231:249 a coastal halophyte 231:249 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 2 67 theme coastal 233:239 arg1 sinense 261:267 Limonium sinense 252:267 Limonium sinense 252:267 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 8 68 theme DNA 774:776 arg1 % 824:824 60.0 mol% 816:824 60.0 mol% 816:824 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. 28056223 8 68 theme DNA 774:776 arg1 content 782:788 The DNA G+C content 770:788 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T 770:810 The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. 28056223 6 69 theme unidentified 648:659 arg1 glycolipid 661:670 one unidentified glycolipid 644:670 one unidentified glycolipid 644:670 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified lipids. 28056223 7 70 theme major 742:746 arg1 anteiso-C15  701:712 anteiso-C15  701:712 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 701:731 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 28056223 7 70 theme major 742:746 arg1 acids 763:767 the major cellular fatty acids 738:767 the major cellular fatty acids 738:767 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 28056223 6 71 theme polar 532:536 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 550:571 diphosphatidylglycerol 550:571 diphosphatidylglycerol 550:571 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified lipids. 28056223 6 71 theme polar 532:536 arg1 lipids 538:543 The polar lipids 528:543 The polar lipids 528:543 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified lipids. 28056223 1 72 theme endophytic 43:52 arg1 actinomycete 54:65 an endophytic actinomycete 40:65 an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense 40:130 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense. 28056223 1 72 theme endophytic 43:52 arg1 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov. 34:37 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense. 28056223 2 73 theme China 336:340 arg1 city 289:292 the city 285:292 the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China 285:340 A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 28056223 7 74 theme cellular 748:755 arg1 anteiso-C15  701:712 anteiso-C15  701:712 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 701:731 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 28056223 7 74 theme cellular 748:755 arg1 acids 763:767 the major cellular fatty acids 738:767 the major cellular fatty acids 738:767 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. 27902232 7 0 theme genus 1084:1088 arg1 Aeromicrobium 1090:1102 the genus Aeromicrobium 1080:1102 the genus Aeromicrobium 1080:1102 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 9 1 theme 9H-4T 1279:1283 arg1 classification 1254:1267 the classification 1250:1267 the classification of strain 9H-4T 1250:1283 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 9 1 theme 9H-4T 1279:1283 arg1 representative 1290:1303 a representative 1288:1303 a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp 1288:1394 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 2 2 theme warbler 206:212 arg1 choana 187:192 the choana 183:192 the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) 183:227 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 2 3 theme strain 155:160 arg1 actinobacterium 138:152 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 97:152 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 97:152 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 2 3 theme strain 155:160 arg1 9H-4T 162:166 strain 9H-4T 155:166 strain 9H-4T 155:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 3 4 theme nearest 493:499 arg1 neighbours 501:510 the nearest neighbours 489:510 the nearest neighbours 489:510 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 7 5 dep C18  970:973 arg1  0 975:976  0 975:976  0 975:976 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 7 5 dep C18  970:973 arg1 C18  988:991 C18  988:991 C18  988:991 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 7 5 dep C18  970:973 arg1 C16  997:1000 C16  997:1000 C16  997:1000 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 9 6 theme novel 1310:1314 arg1 species 1316:1322 a novel species 1308:1322 a novel species 1308:1322 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 6 7 theme diamino 911:917 arg1 acid 888:891 ll-diaminopimelic acid 870:891 ll-diaminopimelic acid 870:891 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902232 6 7 theme diamino 911:917 arg1 acid 919:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902232 8 8 theme G+C 1113:1115 arg1 content 1117:1123 The DNA G+C content 1105:1123 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T 1105:1139 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T was 70.8 mol%. 27902232 8 8 theme G+C 1113:1115 arg1 % 1153:1153 70.8 mol% 1145:1153 70.8 mol% 1145:1153 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T was 70.8 mol%. 27902232 9 9 theme genus 1331:1335 arg1 Aeromicrobium 1337:1349 the genus Aeromicrobium 1327:1349 the genus Aeromicrobium 1327:1349 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 8 10 theme 9H-4T 1135:1139 arg1 content 1117:1123 The DNA G+C content 1105:1123 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T 1105:1139 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T was 70.8 mol%. 27902232 8 10 theme 9H-4T 1135:1139 arg1 % 1153:1153 70.8 mol% 1145:1153 70.8 mol% 1145:1153 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T was 70.8 mol%. 27902232 3 11 with Aeromicrobium 376:388 arg1 similarity 430:439 98.7 % similarity 423:439 98.7 % similarity 423:439 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 11 with Aeromicrobium 376:388 arg1 tamlenseSSW1-57T 460:475 Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T 446:475 Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) 446:484 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 11 with Aeromicrobium 376:388 arg1 flavumTYLN1T 409:420 Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T 395:420 Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) 395:440 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 11 with Aeromicrobium 376:388 arg1 % 483:483 98.4 % 478:483 98.4 % 478:483 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 2 12 theme garden 199:204 arg1 warbler 206:212 a garden warbler 197:212 a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) 197:227 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 2 12 theme garden 199:204 arg1 borin 222:226 Sylvia borin 215:226 Sylvia borin 215:226 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 4 13 dep % 694:694 arg1 46  691:693 46  691:693 46  691:693 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 4 13 dep % 694:694 arg1 39 684:685 39 684:685 39 684:685 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 8 14 theme 70.8 mol 1145:1152 arg1 content 1117:1123 The DNA G+C content 1105:1123 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T 1105:1139 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T was 70.8 mol%. 27902232 8 14 theme 70.8 mol 1145:1152 arg1 % 1153:1153 70.8 mol% 1145:1153 70.8 mol% 1145:1153 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T was 70.8 mol%. 27902232 7 15 theme major 929:933 arg1 consistent 1016:1025 consistent 1016:1025 consistent 1016:1025 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 7 15 theme major 929:933 arg1 C18  948:951 C18  948:951 C18  948:951 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 7 15 theme major 929:933 arg1 acids 941:945 The major fatty acids 925:945 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) 925:1009 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 3 16 theme 16S 292:294 arg1 analysis 315:322 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 292:322 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 292:322 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 17 theme phylogenetic 563:574 arg1 tree 576:579 a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree 543:579 a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 543:612 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 9 18 theme name 1366:1369 arg1 sp 1393:1394 the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp 1362:1394 the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp 1362:1394 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 4 19 theme species 658:664 arg1 identity 666:673 its novel species identity 648:673 its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively 648:781 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 4 20 dep relatedness 704:714 arg1 % 694:694 % 694:694 % 694:694 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 3 21 theme gene 301:304 arg1 analysis 315:322 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 292:322 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 292:322 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 7 22 theme acid 1042:1045 arg1 patterns 1047:1054 the fatty acid patterns 1032:1054 the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium 1032:1102 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 3 23 theme genus 370:374 arg1 Aeromicrobium 376:388 the genus Aeromicrobium 366:388 the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours 366:510 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 0 24 theme Aeromicrobium 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Aeromicrobium choanae sp 0:23 Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 0:24 Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 9 25 theme genotypic 1169:1177 arg1 characteristics 1226:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics 1156:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics 1156:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 4 26 theme DNA-DNA 696:702 arg1 relatedness 704:714 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness 684:714 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively 684:781 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 3 27 from branch 533:538 arg1 tree 576:579 a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree 543:579 a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 543:612 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 28 theme 98.7  423:427 arg1 similarity 430:439 98.7 % similarity 423:439 98.7 % similarity 423:439 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 28 theme 98.7  423:427 arg1 flavumTYLN1T 409:420 Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T 395:420 Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) 395:440 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 9 29 theme chemotaxonomic 1180:1193 arg1 characteristics 1226:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics 1156:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics 1156:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 1 30 theme warbler 88:94 arg1 choana 69:74 the choana 65:74 the choana of a garden warbler 65:94 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the choana of a garden warbler. 27902232 3 31 theme gene 599:602 arg1 sequences 604:612 16S rRNA gene sequences 590:612 16S rRNA gene sequences 590:612 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 4 32 theme DSM 758:760 arg1 19087T 762:767 A. tamlense DSM 19087T 746:767 A. tamlense DSM 19087T 746:767 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 9 33 theme physiological 1196:1208 arg1 characteristics 1226:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics 1156:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics 1156:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 3 34 theme 16S 590:592 arg1 sequences 604:612 16S rRNA gene sequences 590:612 16S rRNA gene sequences 590:612 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 9 35 theme biochemical 1214:1224 arg1 characteristics 1226:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics 1156:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics 1156:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 2 36 dep Gram-stain-positive 99:117 arg1 non-spore-forming 120:136 non-spore-forming 120:136 non-spore-forming 120:136 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 3 37 dep analysis 315:322 arg1 basis 283:287 basis 283:287 basis 283:287 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 37 dep analysis 315:322 arg1 the 279:281 the 279:281 the 279:281 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 6 38 contain contained 860:868 arg2 acid 919:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902232 6 38 contain contained 860:868 arg2 acid 888:891 ll-diaminopimelic acid 870:891 ll-diaminopimelic acid 870:891 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902232 6 38 contain contained 860:868 arg1 peptidoglycan 846:858 The peptidoglycan 842:858 The peptidoglycan 842:858 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902232 4 39 dep A. 721:722 arg1 flavum 724:729 flavum 724:729 flavum 724:729 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 4 40 theme A. 746:747 arg1 19087T 762:767 A. tamlense DSM 19087T 746:767 A. tamlense DSM 19087T 746:767 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 2 41 theme Gram-stain-positive 99:117 arg1 actinobacterium 138:152 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 97:152 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 97:152 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 2 41 theme Gram-stain-positive 99:117 arg1 9H-4T 162:166 strain 9H-4T 155:166 strain 9H-4T 155:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 11 42 theme B1021T=LMG 1446:1455 arg1 9H-4T 1434:1438 9H-4T 1434:1438 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T) 1434:1473 The type strain is 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T). 27902232 11 42 theme B1021T=LMG 1446:1455 arg1 8650T 1468:1472 =ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T 1441:1472 =ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T 1441:1472 The type strain is 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T). 27902232 9 43 theme strain 1272:1277 arg1 9H-4T 1279:1283 strain 9H-4T 1272:1283 strain 9H-4T 1272:1283 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 7 44 theme Aeromicrobium 1090:1102 arg1 members 1069:1075 members 1069:1075 members of the genus Aeromicrobium 1069:1102 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 2 45 theme taxonomic 256:264 arg1 position 266:273 its taxonomic position 252:273 its taxonomic position 252:273 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 4 46 dep A. 746:747 arg1 tamlense 749:756 tamlense 749:756 tamlense 749:756 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 11 47 theme type 1419:1422 arg1 9H-4T 1434:1438 9H-4T 1434:1438 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T) 1434:1473 The type strain is 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T). 27902232 11 47 theme type 1419:1422 arg1 strain 1424:1429 The type strain 1415:1429 The type strain 1415:1429 The type strain is 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T). 27902232 5 48 theme strain 815:820 arg1 9H-4T 822:826 strain 9H-4T 815:826 strain 9H-4T 815:826 The predominant menaquinone of strain 9H-4T was MK-9(H4). 27902232 7 49 with consistent 1016:1025 arg1 patterns 1047:1054 the fatty acid patterns 1032:1054 the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium 1032:1102 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 4 50 theme DNA-DNA 615:621 arg1 hybridizations 623:636 DNA-DNA hybridizations 615:636 DNA-DNA hybridizations 615:636 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 1 51 attach isolated 51:58 arg2 actinobacterium 35:49 an actinobacterium 32:49 an actinobacterium isolated from the choana of a garden warbler 32:94 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the choana of a garden warbler. 27902232 1 51 attach isolated 51:58 arg1 choana 69:74 the choana 65:74 the choana of a garden warbler 65:94 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the choana of a garden warbler. 27902232 9 52 theme species 1316:1322 arg1 classification 1254:1267 the classification 1250:1267 the classification of strain 9H-4T 1250:1283 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 9 52 theme species 1316:1322 arg1 representative 1290:1303 a representative 1288:1303 a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp 1288:1394 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 6 53 theme diagnostic 900:909 arg1 acid 888:891 ll-diaminopimelic acid 870:891 ll-diaminopimelic acid 870:891 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902232 6 53 theme diagnostic 900:909 arg1 acid 919:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902232 9 54 theme choanae 1385:1391 arg1 sp 1393:1394 the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp 1362:1394 the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp 1362:1394 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 8 55 theme DNA 1109:1111 arg1 content 1117:1123 The DNA G+C content 1105:1123 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T 1105:1139 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T was 70.8 mol%. 27902232 8 55 theme DNA 1109:1111 arg1 % 1153:1153 70.8 mol% 1145:1153 70.8 mol% 1145:1153 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T was 70.8 mol%. 27902232 4 56 with relatedness 704:714 arg1 19087T 762:767 A. tamlense DSM 19087T 746:767 A. tamlense DSM 19087T 746:767 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 4 56 with relatedness 704:714 arg1 19355T 735:740 A. flavum DSM 19355T 721:740 A. flavum DSM 19355T 721:740 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 2 57 theme Sylvia 215:220 arg1 warbler 206:212 a garden warbler 197:212 a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) 197:227 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 2 57 theme Sylvia 215:220 arg1 borin 222:226 Sylvia borin 215:226 Sylvia borin 215:226 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 5 58 theme 9H-4T 822:826 arg1 MK-9 832:835 MK-9 832:835 MK-9 832:835 The predominant menaquinone of strain 9H-4T was MK-9(H4). 27902232 5 58 theme 9H-4T 822:826 arg1 menaquinone 800:810 The predominant menaquinone 784:810 The predominant menaquinone of strain 9H-4T 784:826 The predominant menaquinone of strain 9H-4T was MK-9(H4). 27902232 3 59 theme separate 524:531 arg1 branch 533:538 a separate branch 522:538 a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 522:612 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 9 60 theme Aeromicrobium 1337:1349 arg1 species 1316:1322 a novel species 1308:1322 a novel species 1308:1322 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 6 61 theme ll-diaminopimelic 870:886 arg1 acid 888:891 ll-diaminopimelic acid 870:891 ll-diaminopimelic acid 870:891 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902232 6 61 theme ll-diaminopimelic 870:886 arg1 acid 919:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 the diagnostic diamino acid 896:922 The peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27902232 8 62 theme strain 1128:1133 arg1 9H-4T 1135:1139 strain 9H-4T 1128:1139 strain 9H-4T 1128:1139 The DNA G+C content of strain 9H-4T was 70.8 mol%. 27902232 3 63 theme neighbour-joining 545:561 arg1 tree 576:579 a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree 543:579 a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 543:612 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 7 64 theme fatty 935:939 arg1 consistent 1016:1025 consistent 1016:1025 consistent 1016:1025 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 7 64 theme fatty 935:939 arg1 C18  948:951 C18  948:951 C18  948:951 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 7 64 theme fatty 935:939 arg1 acids 941:945 The major fatty acids 925:945 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) 925:1009 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 3 65 theme rRNA 296:299 arg1 analysis 315:322 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 292:322 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 292:322 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 9 66 theme Aeromicrobium 1371:1383 arg1 sp 1393:1394 the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp 1362:1394 the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp 1362:1394 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 4 67 theme novel 652:656 arg1 identity 666:673 its novel species identity 648:673 its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively 648:781 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 7 68 theme fatty 1036:1040 arg1 patterns 1047:1054 the fatty acid patterns 1032:1054 the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium 1032:1102 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 1 69 dep actinobacterium 35:49 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the choana of a garden warbler. 27902232 3 70 theme sequence 306:313 arg1 analysis 315:322 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 292:322 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 292:322 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 4 71 theme A. 721:722 arg1 19355T 735:740 A. flavum DSM 19355T 721:740 A. flavum DSM 19355T 721:740 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 7 72 dep C18  948:951 arg1 2-OH 1005:1008  0 2-OH 1002:1008  0 2-OH 1002:1008 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 7 72 dep C18  948:951 arg1  1ω9c 953:957  1ω9c 953:957  1ω9c 953:957 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 7 72 dep C18  948:951 arg1 C18  970:973 C18  970:973 C18  970:973 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 7 72 dep C18  948:951 arg1 C16  979:982 C16  979:982 C16  979:982 The major fatty acids (C18 : 1ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH) were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Aeromicrobium. 27902232 3 73 theme Aeromicrobium 395:407 arg1 similarity 430:439 98.7 % similarity 423:439 98.7 % similarity 423:439 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 73 theme Aeromicrobium 395:407 arg1 flavumTYLN1T 409:420 Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T 395:420 Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) 395:440 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 0 74 theme choanae 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Aeromicrobium choanae sp 0:23 Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 0:24 Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 9 75 theme distinct 1160:1167 arg1 characteristics 1226:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics 1156:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics 1156:1240 The distinct genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics support the classification of strain 9H-4T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium choanae sp. 27902232 3 76 theme strain 342:347 arg1 9H-4T 349:353 strain 9H-4T 342:353 strain 9H-4T 342:353 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 1 77 theme garden 81:86 arg1 warbler 88:94 a garden warbler 79:94 a garden warbler 79:94 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the choana of a garden warbler. 27902232 2 78 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 choana 187:192 the choana 183:192 the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) 183:227 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 2 78 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 actinobacterium 138:152 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 97:152 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 97:152 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 2 78 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 9H-4T 162:166 strain 9H-4T 155:166 strain 9H-4T 155:166 A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. 27902232 3 79 theme rRNA 594:597 arg1 sequences 604:612 16S rRNA gene sequences 590:612 16S rRNA gene sequences 590:612 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 80 theme % 428:428 arg1 similarity 430:439 98.7 % similarity 423:439 98.7 % similarity 423:439 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 80 theme % 428:428 arg1 flavumTYLN1T 409:420 Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T 395:420 Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) 395:440 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 81 theme Aeromicrobium 446:458 arg1 tamlenseSSW1-57T 460:475 Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T 446:475 Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) 446:484 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 3 81 theme Aeromicrobium 446:458 arg1 % 483:483 98.4 % 478:483 98.4 % 478:483 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.4 %) as the nearest neighbours and forms a separate branch in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. 27902232 4 82 theme DSM 731:733 arg1 19355T 735:740 A. flavum DSM 19355T 721:740 A. flavum DSM 19355T 721:740 DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed its novel species identity based on 39 and 46 % DNA-DNA relatedness with A. flavum DSM 19355T and A. tamlense DSM 19087T, respectively. 27902232 11 83 theme 29165T=CCM 1457:1466 arg1 9H-4T 1434:1438 9H-4T 1434:1438 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T) 1434:1473 The type strain is 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T). 27902232 11 83 theme 29165T=CCM 1457:1466 arg1 8650T 1468:1472 =ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T 1441:1472 =ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T 1441:1472 The type strain is 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T). 27902232 5 84 theme predominant 788:798 arg1 MK-9 832:835 MK-9 832:835 MK-9 832:835 The predominant menaquinone of strain 9H-4T was MK-9(H4). 27902232 5 84 theme predominant 788:798 arg1 menaquinone 800:810 The predominant menaquinone 784:810 The predominant menaquinone of strain 9H-4T 784:826 The predominant menaquinone of strain 9H-4T was MK-9(H4). 27902232 11 85 theme =ZIM 1441:1444 arg1 9H-4T 1434:1438 9H-4T 1434:1438 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T) 1434:1473 The type strain is 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T). 27902232 11 85 theme =ZIM 1441:1444 arg1 8650T 1468:1472 =ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T 1441:1472 =ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T 1441:1472 The type strain is 9H-4T (=ZIM B1021T=LMG 29165T=CCM 8650T). 25477066 5 0 theme Strain 575:580 arg1 DY1 582:584 Strain DY1 575:584 Strain DY1(T) 575:587 Strain DY1(T) showed low level of DNA relatedness with D. aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (41.3 ± 3.9 %). 25477066 5 0 theme Strain 575:580 arg1 T 586:586 T 586:586 T 586:586 Strain DY1(T) showed low level of DNA relatedness with D. aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (41.3 ± 3.9 %). 25477066 4 1 theme Deinococcus 530:540 arg1 T 562:562 T 562:562 T 562:562 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 4 1 theme Deinococcus 530:540 arg1 KR-114 555:560 Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114 530:560 Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %) 530:572 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 4 1 theme Deinococcus 530:540 arg1 % 571:571 94.1 % 566:571 94.1 % 566:571 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 3 2 dep 10-30 °C 274:281 arg1 7-11 290:293 7-11 290:293 7-11 290:293 Cells showed growth at 10-30 °C and pH 7-11 and were oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. 25477066 2 3 dep Gram-positive 92:104 arg1 crimson-color-pigmented 122:144 crimson-color-pigmented 122:144 crimson-color-pigmented 122:144 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 2 3 dep Gram-positive 92:104 arg1 coccus-shaped 107:119 coccus-shaped 107:119 coccus-shaped 107:119 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 11 4 dep DY1 1090:1092 arg1 T 1125:1125 T 1125:1125 T 1125:1125 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 11 4 dep DY1 1090:1092 arg1 18576 1119:1123 =KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576 1098:1123 =KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T) 1098:1126 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 4 5 with Deinococcus 439:449 arg1 similarities 465:476 sequence similarities 456:476 sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %) 456:572 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 8 6 theme L-glutamic 839:848 arg1 acid 850:853 L-glutamic acid 839:853 L-glutamic acid 839:853 The major amino acids were D-alanine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and L-ornithine in the peptidoglycan. 25477066 4 7 theme aquatilis 493:501 arg1 T 514:514 T 514:514 T 514:514 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 4 7 theme aquatilis 493:501 arg1 % 523:523 96.2 % 518:523 96.2 % 518:523 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 4 7 theme aquatilis 493:501 arg1 CCUG 503:506 Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370 481:512 Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) 481:524 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 6 8 theme DNA 677:679 arg1 % 717:717 58.7 mol% 709:717 58.7 mol% 709:717 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) was 58.7 mol%. 25477066 6 8 theme DNA 677:679 arg1 content 687:693 The DNA G + C content 673:693 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) 673:703 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) was 58.7 mol%. 25477066 7 9 theme Predominant 720:730 arg1 acids 738:742 Predominant fatty acids 720:742 Predominant fatty acids 720:742 Predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/ω6c), C16:0, and C17:0. 25477066 4 10 theme strain 403:408 arg1 T 414:414 T 414:414 T 414:414 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 4 10 theme strain 403:408 arg1 DY1 410:412 the strain DY1 399:412 the strain DY1(T) 399:415 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 11 11 theme name 1138:1141 arg1 strain 1065:1070 the strain 1061:1070 the strain 1061:1070 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 11 11 theme name 1138:1141 arg1 sp 1164:1165 the name Deinococcus puniceus sp 1134:1165 the name Deinococcus puniceus sp 1134:1165 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 2 12 with irradiated 179:188 arg1 radiation 207:215 5 kGy gamma radiation 195:215 5 kGy gamma radiation 195:215 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 1 13 theme soil-irradiated 57:71 arg1 radiation 79:87 soil-irradiated gamma radiation 57:87 soil-irradiated gamma radiation 57:87 nov., a bacterium isolated from soil-irradiated gamma radiation. 25477066 10 14 theme gamma 997:1001 arg1 radiation 1003:1011 gamma radiation 997:1011 gamma radiation 997:1011 Strain DY1(T) has resistance to gamma radiation and was found to be a novel species. 25477066 4 15 theme 16S 373:375 arg1 gene 382:385 the 16S rRNA gene 369:385 the 16S rRNA gene 369:385 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 1 16 theme gamma 73:77 arg1 radiation 79:87 soil-irradiated gamma radiation 57:87 soil-irradiated gamma radiation 57:87 nov., a bacterium isolated from soil-irradiated gamma radiation. 25477066 0 17 theme puniceus 12:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Deinococcus puniceus sp 0:22 Deinococcus puniceus sp. 0:23 Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 4 18 theme sequence 456:463 arg1 similarities 465:476 sequence similarities 456:476 sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %) 456:572 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 10 19 theme Strain 965:970 arg1 T 976:976 T 976:976 T 976:976 Strain DY1(T) has resistance to gamma radiation and was found to be a novel species. 25477066 10 19 theme Strain 965:970 arg1 DY1 972:974 Strain DY1 965:974 Strain DY1(T) 965:977 Strain DY1(T) has resistance to gamma radiation and was found to be a novel species. 25477066 10 19 theme Strain 965:970 arg1 species 1041:1047 a novel species 1033:1047 a novel species 1033:1047 Strain DY1(T) has resistance to gamma radiation and was found to be a novel species. 25477066 8 20 theme amino 811:815 arg1 acids 817:821 The major amino acids 801:821 The major amino acids 801:821 The major amino acids were D-alanine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and L-ornithine in the peptidoglycan. 25477066 8 20 theme amino 811:815 arg1 D-alanine 828:836 D-alanine 828:836 D-alanine 828:836 The major amino acids were D-alanine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and L-ornithine in the peptidoglycan. 25477066 5 21 theme relatedness 613:623 arg1 level 600:604 low level 596:604 low level of DNA relatedness 596:623 Strain DY1(T) showed low level of DNA relatedness with D. aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (41.3 ± 3.9 %). 25477066 0 22 theme Deinococcus 0:10 arg1 sp 21:22 Deinococcus puniceus sp 0:22 Deinococcus puniceus sp. 0:23 Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 4 23 theme gene 382:385 arg1 analyses 357:364 Phylogenetic analyses 344:364 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene 344:385 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 1 24 attach isolated 43:50 arg2 bacterium 33:41 a bacterium 31:41 a bacterium isolated from soil-irradiated gamma radiation 31:87 nov., a bacterium isolated from soil-irradiated gamma radiation. 25477066 1 24 attach isolated 43:50 arg1 radiation 79:87 soil-irradiated gamma radiation 57:87 soil-irradiated gamma radiation 57:87 nov., a bacterium isolated from soil-irradiated gamma radiation. 25477066 4 25 theme rRNA 377:380 arg1 gene 382:385 the 16S rRNA gene 369:385 the 16S rRNA gene 369:385 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 9 26 theme major 907:911 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 939:956 unknown phosphoglycolipids 931:956 unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL) 931:962 The major polar lipids were unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL). 25477066 9 26 theme major 907:911 arg1 lipids 919:924 The major polar lipids 903:924 The major polar lipids 903:924 The major polar lipids were unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL). 25477066 11 27 dep Deinococcus 1143:1153 arg1 puniceus 1155:1162 puniceus 1155:1162 puniceus 1155:1162 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 5 28 theme DNA 609:611 arg1 relatedness 613:623 DNA relatedness 609:623 DNA relatedness 609:623 Strain DY1(T) showed low level of DNA relatedness with D. aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (41.3 ± 3.9 %). 25477066 2 29 theme 5 kGy 195:199 arg1 radiation 207:215 5 kGy gamma radiation 195:215 5 kGy gamma radiation 195:215 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 9 30 theme polar 913:917 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 939:956 unknown phosphoglycolipids 931:956 unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL) 931:962 The major polar lipids were unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL). 25477066 9 30 theme polar 913:917 arg1 lipids 919:924 The major polar lipids 903:924 The major polar lipids 903:924 The major polar lipids were unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL). 25477066 1 31 dep bacterium 33:41 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a bacterium isolated from soil-irradiated gamma radiation. 25477066 11 32 theme =KCTC 1098:1102 arg1 T 1125:1125 T 1125:1125 T 1125:1125 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 11 32 theme =KCTC 1098:1102 arg1 18576 1119:1123 =KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576 1098:1123 =KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T) 1098:1126 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 4 33 dep Deinococcus 530:540 arg1 navajonensis 542:553 navajonensis 542:553 navajonensis 542:553 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 6 34 theme 58.7 mol 709:716 arg1 content 687:693 The DNA G + C content 673:693 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) 673:703 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) was 58.7 mol%. 25477066 6 34 theme 58.7 mol 709:716 arg1 % 717:717 58.7 mol% 709:717 58.7 mol% 709:717 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) was 58.7 mol%. 25477066 11 35 theme Deinococcus 1143:1153 arg1 strain 1065:1070 the strain 1061:1070 the strain 1061:1070 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 11 35 theme Deinococcus 1143:1153 arg1 sp 1164:1165 the name Deinococcus puniceus sp 1134:1165 the name Deinococcus puniceus sp 1134:1165 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 11 36 theme 33027 1104:1108 arg1 T 1125:1125 T 1125:1125 T 1125:1125 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 11 36 theme 33027 1104:1108 arg1 18576 1119:1123 =KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576 1098:1123 =KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T) 1098:1126 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 2 37 theme Gram-positive 92:104 arg1 bacterium 146:154 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium 90:154 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium 90:154 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 2 38 theme irradiated 179:188 arg1 soil 174:177 soil 174:177 soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation 174:215 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 4 39 theme Phylogenetic 344:355 arg1 analyses 357:364 Phylogenetic analyses 344:364 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene 344:385 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 8 40 from L-ornithine 869:879 arg1 peptidoglycan 888:900 the peptidoglycan 884:900 the peptidoglycan 884:900 The major amino acids were D-alanine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and L-ornithine in the peptidoglycan. 25477066 8 41 from acid 850:853 arg1 peptidoglycan 888:900 the peptidoglycan 884:900 the peptidoglycan 884:900 The major amino acids were D-alanine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and L-ornithine in the peptidoglycan. 25477066 2 42 theme strain 236:241 arg1 DY1 243:245 strain DY1 236:245 strain DY1(T) 236:248 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 2 42 theme strain 236:241 arg1 T 247:247 T 247:247 T 247:247 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 9 43 theme unknown 931:937 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 939:956 unknown phosphoglycolipids 931:956 unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL) 931:962 The major polar lipids were unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL). 25477066 9 43 theme unknown 931:937 arg1 PGL 959:961 PGL 959:961 PGL 959:961 The major polar lipids were unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL). 25477066 9 43 theme unknown 931:937 arg1 lipids 919:924 The major polar lipids 903:924 The major polar lipids 903:924 The major polar lipids were unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL). 25477066 2 44 attach isolated 160:167 arg1 soil 174:177 soil 174:177 soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation 174:215 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 2 44 attach isolated 160:167 arg2 bacterium 146:154 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium 90:154 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium 90:154 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 4 45 theme genus 433:437 arg1 Deinococcus 439:449 the genus Deinococcus 429:449 the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %) 429:572 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 8 46 from glycine 856:862 arg1 peptidoglycan 888:900 the peptidoglycan 884:900 the peptidoglycan 884:900 The major amino acids were D-alanine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and L-ornithine in the peptidoglycan. 25477066 5 47 theme low 596:598 arg1 level 600:604 low level 596:604 low level of DNA relatedness 596:623 Strain DY1(T) showed low level of DNA relatedness with D. aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (41.3 ± 3.9 %). 25477066 10 48 contain has 979:981 arg1 T 976:976 T 976:976 T 976:976 Strain DY1(T) has resistance to gamma radiation and was found to be a novel species. 25477066 10 48 contain has 979:981 arg1 DY1 972:974 Strain DY1 965:974 Strain DY1(T) 965:977 Strain DY1(T) has resistance to gamma radiation and was found to be a novel species. 25477066 10 48 contain has 979:981 arg1 species 1041:1047 a novel species 1033:1047 a novel species 1033:1047 Strain DY1(T) has resistance to gamma radiation and was found to be a novel species. 25477066 10 48 contain has 979:981 arg2 resistance 983:992 resistance 983:992 resistance to gamma radiation 983:1011 Strain DY1(T) has resistance to gamma radiation and was found to be a novel species. 25477066 8 49 theme major 805:809 arg1 acids 817:821 The major amino acids 801:821 The major amino acids 801:821 The major amino acids were D-alanine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and L-ornithine in the peptidoglycan. 25477066 8 49 theme major 805:809 arg1 D-alanine 828:836 D-alanine 828:836 D-alanine 828:836 The major amino acids were D-alanine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and L-ornithine in the peptidoglycan. 25477066 6 50 theme G + C 681:685 arg1 % 717:717 58.7 mol% 709:717 58.7 mol% 709:717 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) was 58.7 mol%. 25477066 6 50 theme G + C 681:685 arg1 content 687:693 The DNA G + C content 673:693 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) 673:703 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) was 58.7 mol%. 25477066 11 51 theme T 1110:1110 arg1 T 1125:1125 T 1125:1125 T 1125:1125 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 11 51 theme T 1110:1110 arg1 18576 1119:1123 =KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576 1098:1123 =KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T) 1098:1126 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 6 52 theme DY1 698:700 arg1 % 717:717 58.7 mol% 709:717 58.7 mol% 709:717 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) was 58.7 mol%. 25477066 6 52 theme DY1 698:700 arg1 content 687:693 The DNA G + C content 673:693 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) 673:703 The DNA G + C content of DY1(T) was 58.7 mol%. 25477066 2 53 theme gamma 201:205 arg1 radiation 207:215 5 kGy gamma radiation 195:215 5 kGy gamma radiation 195:215 A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, crimson-color-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil irradiated with 5 kGy gamma radiation and was designated strain DY1(T). 25477066 10 54 theme novel 1035:1039 arg1 species 1041:1047 a novel species 1033:1047 a novel species 1033:1047 Strain DY1(T) has resistance to gamma radiation and was found to be a novel species. 25477066 10 54 theme novel 1035:1039 arg1 DY1 972:974 Strain DY1 965:974 Strain DY1(T) 965:977 Strain DY1(T) has resistance to gamma radiation and was found to be a novel species. 25477066 8 55 from D-alanine 828:836 arg1 peptidoglycan 888:900 the peptidoglycan 884:900 the peptidoglycan 884:900 The major amino acids were D-alanine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, and L-ornithine in the peptidoglycan. 25477066 11 56 theme  = JCM 1112:1117 arg1 T 1125:1125 T 1125:1125 T 1125:1125 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 11 56 theme  = JCM 1112:1117 arg1 18576 1119:1123 =KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576 1098:1123 =KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T) 1098:1126 Therefore, the strain was designated as DY1(T) (=KCTC 33027(T) = JCM 18576(T)), and the name Deinococcus puniceus sp. 25477066 4 57 theme Deinococcus 481:491 arg1 T 514:514 T 514:514 T 514:514 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 4 57 theme Deinococcus 481:491 arg1 % 523:523 96.2 % 518:523 96.2 % 518:523 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 4 57 theme Deinococcus 481:491 arg1 CCUG 503:506 Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370 481:512 Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) 481:524 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain DY1(T) belonged to the genus Deinococcus with sequence similarities to Deinococcus aquatilis CCUG 53370(T) (96.2 %) and Deinococcus navajonensis KR-114(T) (94.1 %). 25477066 7 58 theme fatty 732:736 arg1 acids 738:742 Predominant fatty acids 720:742 Predominant fatty acids 720:742 Predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/ω6c), C16:0, and C17:0. 24425736 9 0 from species 1306:1312 arg1 differentiation 1236:1250 phenotypic differentiation 1225:1250 phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species 1225:1312 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. 24425736 4 1 theme Paenibacillus 611:623 arg1 genus 605:609 the genus Paenibacillus 601:623 the genus Paenibacillus 601:623 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 2 theme polymyxa 681:688 arg1 T 700:700 T 700:700 T 700:700 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 2 theme polymyxa 681:688 arg1 13419 694:698 Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419 667:698 Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) 667:701 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 2 theme polymyxa 681:688 arg1 species 645:651 the type species 636:651 the type species of the genus 636:664 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 6 3 contain contained 920:928 arg2 acid 950:953 meso-diaminopimelic acid 930:953 meso-diaminopimelic acid 930:953 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24425736 6 3 contain contained 920:928 arg1 peptidoglycan 884:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 870:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) 870:918 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24425736 10 4 theme phylogenetic 1351:1362 arg1 inference 1364:1372 phylogenetic inference 1351:1372 phylogenetic inference 1351:1372 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 10 5 theme name 1489:1492 arg1 sp 1520:1521 the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp 1485:1521 the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp 1485:1521 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 4 6 theme genus 605:609 arg1 species 645:651 the type species 636:651 the type species of the genus 636:664 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 6 theme genus 605:609 arg1 species 590:596 other species 584:596 other species 584:596 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 10 7 theme strain 1375:1380 arg1 member 1448:1453 a member 1446:1453 a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp 1446:1521 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 10 7 theme strain 1375:1380 arg1 CAU 1382:1384 strain CAU 1055 1375:1389 strain CAU 1055(T) 1375:1392 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 10 7 theme strain 1375:1380 arg1 T 1391:1391 T 1391:1391 T 1391:1391 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 4 8 theme Paenibacillus 667:679 arg1 T 700:700 T 700:700 T 700:700 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 8 theme Paenibacillus 667:679 arg1 13419 694:698 Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419 667:698 Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) 667:701 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 8 theme Paenibacillus 667:679 arg1 species 645:651 the type species 636:651 the type species of the genus 636:664 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 12 9 theme 33036 1582:1586 arg1 T 1604:1604 T 1604:1604 T 1604:1604 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 12 9 theme 33036 1582:1586 arg1 63270 1598:1602  = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270 1574:1602  = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T) 1574:1605 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 3 10 theme distinct 336:343 arg1 lineage 345:351 a distinct lineage 334:351 a distinct lineage 334:351 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 12 11 theme T 1588:1588 arg1 T 1604:1604 T 1604:1604 T 1604:1604 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 12 11 theme T 1588:1588 arg1 63270 1598:1602  = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270 1574:1602  = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T) 1574:1605 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 5 12 dep MK-7 772:775 arg1 iso-C16  832:839 iso-C16  832:839 iso-C16  832:839 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 5 12 dep MK-7 772:775 arg1  0 825:826  0 825:826  0 825:826 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 5 12 dep MK-7 772:775 arg1  0 841:842  0 841:842  0 841:842 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 8 13 theme G+C 1139:1141 arg1 % 1163:1163 48.3 mol% 1155:1163 48.3 mol% 1155:1163 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 24425736 8 13 theme G+C 1139:1141 arg1 content 1143:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 24425736 10 14 theme phenotypic 1331:1340 arg1 data 1342:1345 phenotypic data 1331:1345 phenotypic data 1331:1345 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 8 15 theme DNA 1135:1137 arg1 % 1163:1163 48.3 mol% 1155:1163 48.3 mol% 1155:1163 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 24425736 8 15 theme DNA 1135:1137 arg1 content 1143:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 24425736 3 16 theme Paenibacillus 478:490 arg1 A35 502:504 Paenibacillus terrigena A35 478:504 Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) 478:528 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 3 16 theme Paenibacillus 478:490 arg1 T 506:506 T 506:506 T 506:506 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 6 17 theme strain 901:906 arg1 CAU 908:910 strain CAU 1055 901:915 strain CAU 1055(T) 901:918 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24425736 6 17 theme strain 901:906 arg1 T 917:917 T 917:917 T 917:917 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24425736 9 18 theme related 1287:1293 arg1 species 1306:1312 closely related recognized species 1279:1312 closely related recognized species 1279:1312 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. 24425736 2 19 dep Gram-stain-positive 58:76 arg1 aerobic 79:85 aerobic 79:85 aerobic 79:85 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 1055(T), was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24425736 2 19 dep Gram-stain-positive 58:76 arg1 endospore-forming 88:104 endospore-forming 88:104 endospore-forming 88:104 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 1055(T), was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24425736 3 20 theme terrigena 492:500 arg1 A35 502:504 Paenibacillus terrigena A35 478:504 Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) 478:528 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 3 20 theme terrigena 492:500 arg1 T 506:506 T 506:506 T 506:506 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 6 21 theme CAU 908:910 arg1 peptidoglycan 884:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 870:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) 870:918 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24425736 3 22 theme Paenibacillus 416:428 arg1 CKOBP-6 442:448 Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6 416:448 Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) 416:472 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 3 22 theme Paenibacillus 416:428 arg1 T 450:450 T 450:450 T 450:450 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 0 23 theme doosanensis 14:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Paenibacillus doosanensis sp 0:27 Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 0:28 Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 9 24 theme physiological 1181:1193 arg1 tests 1211:1215 physiological and biochemical tests 1181:1215 physiological and biochemical tests 1181:1215 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. 24425736 12 25 theme type 1546:1549 arg1 CAU 1561:1563 CAU 1055 1561:1568 CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)) 1561:1606 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 12 25 theme type 1546:1549 arg1 strain 1551:1556 The type strain 1542:1556 The type strain 1542:1556 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 10 26 theme species 1466:1472 arg1 member 1448:1453 a member 1446:1453 a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp 1446:1521 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 10 26 theme species 1466:1472 arg1 CAU 1382:1384 strain CAU 1055 1375:1389 strain CAU 1055(T) 1375:1392 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 0 27 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 26:27 Paenibacillus doosanensis sp 0:27 Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 0:28 Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 2 28 theme Gram-stain-positive 58:76 arg1 bacterium 106:114 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 56:114 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 56:114 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 1055(T), was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24425736 10 29 theme doosanensis 1508:1518 arg1 sp 1520:1521 the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp 1485:1521 the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp 1485:1521 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 5 30 theme fatty 857:861 arg1 acids 863:867 the major fatty acids 847:867 the major fatty acids 847:867 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 5 30 theme fatty 857:861 arg1 MK-7 772:775 MK-7 772:775 MK-7 772:775 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 4 31 theme other 584:588 arg1 species 645:651 the type species 636:651 the type species of the genus 636:664 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 31 theme other 584:588 arg1 species 590:596 other species 584:596 other species 584:596 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 9 32 theme biochemical 1199:1209 arg1 tests 1211:1215 physiological and biochemical tests 1181:1215 physiological and biochemical tests 1181:1215 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. 24425736 4 33 theme genus 660:664 arg1 species 645:651 the type species 636:651 the type species of the genus 636:664 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 33 theme genus 660:664 arg1 13419 694:698 Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419 667:698 Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) 667:701 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 2 34 attach isolated 145:152 arg2 bacterium 106:114 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 56:114 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 56:114 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 1055(T), was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24425736 2 34 attach isolated 145:152 arg1 soil 159:162 soil 159:162 soil 159:162 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 1055(T), was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24425736 9 35 theme tests 1211:1215 arg1 results 1170:1176 The results 1166:1176 The results of physiological and biochemical tests 1166:1215 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. 24425736 4 36 theme IAM 690:692 arg1 T 700:700 T 700:700 T 700:700 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 36 theme IAM 690:692 arg1 13419 694:698 Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419 667:698 Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) 667:701 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 36 theme IAM 690:692 arg1 species 645:651 the type species 636:651 the type species of the genus 636:664 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 5 37 theme isoprenoid 789:798 arg1 quinone 800:806 the only isoprenoid quinone 780:806 the only isoprenoid quinone 780:806 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 4 38 theme 16S 545:547 arg1 similarity 568:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), 545:723 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 7 39 theme polar 960:964 arg1 lipids 966:971 The polar lipids 956:971 The polar lipids 956:971 The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phospatidylglycerol and three unidentified aminophospholipids. 24425736 8 40 theme 48.3 1155:1158 arg1 % 1163:1163 48.3 mol% 1155:1163 48.3 mol% 1155:1163 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 24425736 8 40 theme 48.3 1155:1158 arg1 content 1143:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 24425736 3 41 theme Phylogenetic 237:248 arg1 analysis 250:257 Phylogenetic analysis 237:257 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 237:300 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 4 42 theme sequence 559:566 arg1 similarity 568:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), 545:723 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 10 43 theme Paenibacillus 1494:1506 arg1 sp 1520:1521 the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp 1485:1521 the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp 1485:1521 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 6 44 theme cell-wall 874:882 arg1 peptidoglycan 884:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 870:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) 870:918 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24425736 3 45 theme contaminans 430:440 arg1 CKOBP-6 442:448 Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6 416:448 Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) 416:472 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 3 45 theme contaminans 430:440 arg1 T 450:450 T 450:450 T 450:450 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 9 46 theme recognized 1295:1304 arg1 species 1306:1312 closely related recognized species 1279:1312 closely related recognized species 1279:1312 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. 24425736 9 47 theme phenotypic 1225:1234 arg1 differentiation 1236:1250 phenotypic differentiation 1225:1250 phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species 1225:1312 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. 24425736 4 48 theme gene 554:557 arg1 similarity 568:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), 545:723 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 3 49 theme Paenibacillus 370:382 arg1 genus 364:368 the genus Paenibacillus 360:382 the genus Paenibacillus 360:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 10 50 theme novel 1460:1464 arg1 species 1466:1472 a novel species 1458:1472 a novel species 1458:1472 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 3 51 theme gene 277:280 arg1 comparison 291:300 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 268:300 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 268:300 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 4 52 with similarity 568:577 arg1 species 645:651 the type species 636:651 the type species of the genus 636:664 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 52 with similarity 568:577 arg1 species 590:596 other species 584:596 other species 584:596 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 5 53 contain contained 762:770 arg2 MK-7 772:775 MK-7 772:775 MK-7 772:775 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 5 53 contain contained 762:770 arg2 acids 863:867 the major fatty acids 847:867 the major fatty acids 847:867 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 5 53 contain contained 762:770 arg1 CAU 750:752 Strain CAU 1055 743:757 Strain CAU 1055(T) 743:760 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 5 53 contain contained 762:770 arg1 T 759:759 T 759:759 T 759:759 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 8 54 theme mol 1160:1162 arg1 % 1163:1163 48.3 mol% 1155:1163 48.3 mol% 1155:1163 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 24425736 8 54 theme mol 1160:1162 arg1 content 1143:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content 1131:1149 The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. 24425736 3 55 theme sequence 282:289 arg1 comparison 291:300 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 268:300 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 268:300 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 2 56 theme taxonomic 172:180 arg1 position 182:189 its taxonomic position 168:189 its taxonomic position 168:189 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 1055(T), was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24425736 5 57 theme major 851:855 arg1 acids 863:867 the major fatty acids 847:867 the major fatty acids 847:867 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 5 57 theme major 851:855 arg1 MK-7 772:775 MK-7 772:775 MK-7 772:775 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 6 58 theme meso-diaminopimelic 930:948 arg1 acid 950:953 meso-diaminopimelic acid 930:953 meso-diaminopimelic acid 930:953 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24425736 12 59 dep CAU 1561:1563 arg1 T 1604:1604 T 1604:1604 T 1604:1604 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 12 59 dep CAU 1561:1563 arg1 63270 1598:1602  = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270 1574:1602  = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T) 1574:1605 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 9 60 theme strain 1255:1260 arg1 CAU 1262:1264 strain CAU 1055 1255:1269 strain CAU 1055(T) 1255:1272 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. 24425736 9 60 theme strain 1255:1260 arg1 T 1271:1271 T 1271:1271 T 1271:1271 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. 24425736 3 61 theme 16S 268:270 arg1 rRNA 272:275 16S rRNA 268:275 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 268:300 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 12 62 theme  = CCUG 1590:1596 arg1 T 1604:1604 T 1604:1604 T 1604:1604 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 12 62 theme  = CCUG 1590:1596 arg1 63270 1598:1602  = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270 1574:1602  = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T) 1574:1605 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 3 63 dep A35 502:504 arg1 % 527:527 95.2 % 522:527 95.2 % 522:527 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 3 63 dep A35 502:504 arg1 similarity 510:519 similarity 510:519 similarity 510:519 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 5 64 theme only 784:787 arg1 quinone 800:806 the only isoprenoid quinone 780:806 the only isoprenoid quinone 780:806 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 9 65 theme CAU 1262:1264 arg1 differentiation 1236:1250 phenotypic differentiation 1225:1250 phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species 1225:1312 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. 24425736 3 66 theme rRNA 272:275 arg1 comparison 291:300 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 268:300 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 268:300 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 3 67 dep CKOBP-6 442:448 arg1 similarity 454:463 similarity 454:463 similarity 454:463 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 3 67 dep CKOBP-6 442:448 arg1 % 471:471 95.2 % 466:471 95.2 % 466:471 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). 24425736 12 68 theme  = KCTC 1574:1580 arg1 T 1604:1604 T 1604:1604 T 1604:1604 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 12 68 theme  = KCTC 1574:1580 arg1 63270 1598:1602  = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270 1574:1602  = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T) 1574:1605 The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)). 24425736 4 69 dep species 645:651 arg1 similarity 704:713 similarity 704:713 similarity 704:713 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 69 dep species 645:651 arg1 % 721:721 91.7 % 716:721 91.7 % 716:721 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 70 theme type 640:643 arg1 species 645:651 the type species 636:651 the type species of the genus 636:664 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 70 theme type 640:643 arg1 13419 694:698 Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419 667:698 Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) 667:701 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 2 71 theme polyphasic 216:225 arg1 approach 227:234 a polyphasic approach 214:234 a polyphasic approach 214:234 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 1055(T), was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24425736 4 72 theme rRNA 549:552 arg1 similarity 568:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), 545:723 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 5 73 theme Strain 743:748 arg1 CAU 750:752 Strain CAU 1055 743:757 Strain CAU 1055(T) 743:760 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 5 73 theme Strain 743:748 arg1 T 759:759 T 759:759 T 759:759 Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. 24425736 4 74 theme similarity 568:577 arg1 % 740:740 <94.6 % 734:740 <94.6 % 734:740 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 4 74 theme similarity 568:577 arg1 levels 535:540 The levels 531:540 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), 531:723 The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. 24425736 7 75 theme unidentified 1098:1109 arg1 aminophospholipids 1111:1128 three unidentified aminophospholipids 1092:1128 three unidentified aminophospholipids 1092:1128 The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phospatidylglycerol and three unidentified aminophospholipids. 24425736 10 76 dep data 1342:1345 arg1 basis 1322:1326 basis 1322:1326 basis 1322:1326 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24425736 10 76 dep data 1342:1345 arg1 the 1318:1320 the 1318:1320 the 1318:1320 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. 24123200 3 0 theme white-grey 240:249 arg1 spores 272:277 white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores 240:277 white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains 240:324 Strain JL-6(T) had white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains. 24123200 2 1 theme strain 122:127 arg1 T 134:134 T 134:134 T 134:134 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 2 1 theme strain 122:127 arg1 JL-6 129:132 strain JL-6 122:132 strain JL-6(T) 122:135 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 4 2 theme % 434:434 arg1 NaCl 442:445 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl 429:445 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl 429:445 The novel strain grew aerobically at 15-28 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) and with 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 24123200 2 3 dep Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 novel 88:92 novel 88:92 novel 88:92 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 4 4 dep optimum 403:409 arg1 pH 412:413 pH 5.5 412:417 pH 5.5 412:417 The novel strain grew aerobically at 15-28 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) and with 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 24123200 11 5 theme related 1030:1036 arg1 strain 1038:1043 the closest related strain 1018:1043 the closest related strain 1018:1043 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 14 6 theme  = KACC 1382:1388 arg1 T 1413:1413 T 1413:1413 T 1413:1413 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 14 6 theme  = KACC 1382:1388 arg1 108882 1406:1411  = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882 1382:1411  = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T) 1382:1414 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 4 7 theme 0-1.5 429:433 arg1 % 434:434 % 434:434 % 434:434 The novel strain grew aerobically at 15-28 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) and with 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 24123200 9 8 theme mol 788:790 arg1 % 791:791 72.8 mol% 783:791 72.8 mol% 783:791 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 24123200 9 8 theme mol 788:790 arg1 content 752:758 The G+C content 744:758 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 744:777 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 24123200 3 9 dep straight 298:305 arg1 long 308:311 long 308:311 long 308:311 Strain JL-6(T) had white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains. 24123200 8 10 theme diagnostic 718:727 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 689:707 phosphatidylcholine 689:707 phosphatidylcholine 689:707 Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine were the diagnostic phospholipids. 24123200 8 10 theme diagnostic 718:727 arg1 Phosphatidylinositol 664:683 Phosphatidylinositol 664:683 Phosphatidylinositol 664:683 Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine were the diagnostic phospholipids. 24123200 8 10 theme diagnostic 718:727 arg1 phospholipids 729:741 the diagnostic phospholipids 714:741 the diagnostic phospholipids 714:741 Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine were the diagnostic phospholipids. 24123200 1 11 theme bamboo 50:55 arg1 litter 57:62 bamboo litter 50:62 bamboo litter 50:62 nov., isolated from bamboo litter. 24123200 11 12 from JL-6 1006:1009 arg1 Streptomyces 1137:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 10 13 theme rRNA 829:832 arg1 sequences 839:847 16S rRNA gene sequences 825:847 16S rRNA gene sequences 825:847 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JL-6(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces with sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3%. 24123200 2 14 from litter 160:165 arg1 Korea 214:218 Korea 214:218 Korea 214:218 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 14 15 dep JL-6 1373:1376 arg1 T 1413:1413 T 1413:1413 T 1413:1413 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 14 15 dep JL-6 1373:1376 arg1 108882 1406:1411  = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882 1382:1411  = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T) 1382:1414 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 10 16 theme genus 892:896 arg1 Streptomyces 898:909 the genus Streptomyces 888:909 the genus Streptomyces with sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3% 888:964 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JL-6(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces with sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3%. 24123200 11 17 from strain 1038:1043 arg1 Streptomyces 1137:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 11 18 from species 1116:1122 arg1 Streptomyces 1137:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 5 19 theme cell-wall 452:460 arg1 peptidoglycan 462:474 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 448:474 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 448:474 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24123200 11 20 theme DNA-DNA 976:982 arg1 hybridization 984:996 DNA-DNA hybridization 976:996 DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces 976:1148 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 6 21 theme predominant 550:560 arg1 MK-9 580:583 MK-9 580:583 MK-9 580:583 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). 24123200 6 21 theme predominant 550:560 arg1 menaquinones 562:573 The predominant menaquinones 546:573 The predominant menaquinones 546:573 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). 24123200 3 22 contain had 236:238 arg1 T 233:233 T 233:233 T 233:233 Strain JL-6(T) had white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains. 24123200 3 22 contain had 236:238 arg2 spores 272:277 white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores 240:277 white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains 240:324 Strain JL-6(T) had white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains. 24123200 3 22 contain had 236:238 arg1 JL-6 228:231 Strain JL-6 221:231 Strain JL-6(T) 221:234 Strain JL-6(T) had white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains. 24123200 0 23 theme graminilatus 13:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Streptomyces graminilatus sp 0:27 Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 0:28 Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 24123200 10 24 theme sequence 916:923 arg1 similarities 925:936 sequence similarities 916:936 sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3% 916:964 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JL-6(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces with sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3%. 24123200 10 25 theme Phylogenetic 794:805 arg1 analysis 807:814 Phylogenetic analysis 794:814 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 794:847 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JL-6(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces with sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3%. 24123200 12 26 theme strain 1204:1209 arg1 T 1216:1216 T 1216:1216 T 1216:1216 Based on these observations, strain JL-6(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 24123200 12 26 theme strain 1204:1209 arg1 JL-6 1211:1214 strain JL-6 1204:1214 strain JL-6(T) 1204:1217 Based on these observations, strain JL-6(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 24123200 0 27 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 26:27 Streptomyces graminilatus sp 0:27 Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 0:28 Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 24123200 5 28 theme ll-diaminopimelic 486:502 arg1 acid 504:507 ll-diaminopimelic acid 486:507 ll-diaminopimelic acid 486:507 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24123200 11 29 theme other 1094:1098 arg1 species 1116:1122 other closely related species 1094:1122 other closely related species 1094:1122 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 10 30 with Streptomyces 898:909 arg1 similarities 925:936 sequence similarities 916:936 sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3% 916:964 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JL-6(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces with sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3%. 24123200 11 31 theme related 1108:1114 arg1 species 1116:1122 other closely related species 1094:1122 other closely related species 1094:1122 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 3 32 dep white-grey 240:249 arg1 smooth 252:257 smooth 252:257 smooth 252:257 Strain JL-6(T) had white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains. 24123200 3 32 dep white-grey 240:249 arg1 cylindrical 260:270 cylindrical 260:270 cylindrical 260:270 Strain JL-6(T) had white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains. 24123200 11 33 from ATCC 1075:1078 arg1 Streptomyces 1137:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 4 34 theme 15-28 364:368 arg1 pH 391:392 pH 4.0-8.0 391:400 pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) 391:418 The novel strain grew aerobically at 15-28 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) and with 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 24123200 4 34 theme 15-28 364:368 arg1 optimum 374:380 optimum 374:380 optimum 374:380 The novel strain grew aerobically at 15-28 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) and with 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 24123200 4 34 theme 15-28 364:368 arg1 °C 370:371 15-28 °C 364:371 15-28 °C (optimum, 28 °C) 364:388 The novel strain grew aerobically at 15-28 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) and with 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 24123200 7 35 contain contained 634:642 arg2 glucose 644:650 glucose 644:650 glucose 644:650 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose and ribose. 24123200 7 35 contain contained 634:642 arg2 ribose 656:661 ribose 656:661 ribose 656:661 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose and ribose. 24123200 7 35 contain contained 634:642 arg1 hydrolysates 614:625 Whole-cell hydrolysates 603:625 Whole-cell hydrolysates 603:625 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose and ribose. 24123200 4 36 dep optimum 374:380 arg1 °C 386:387 28 °C 383:387 28 °C 383:387 The novel strain grew aerobically at 15-28 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) and with 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 24123200 10 37 theme strain 861:866 arg1 JL-6 868:871 strain JL-6 861:871 strain JL-6(T) 861:874 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JL-6(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces with sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3%. 24123200 10 37 theme strain 861:866 arg1 T 873:873 T 873:873 T 873:873 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JL-6(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces with sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3%. 24123200 10 38 theme 16S 825:827 arg1 sequences 839:847 16S rRNA gene sequences 825:847 16S rRNA gene sequences 825:847 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JL-6(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces with sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3%. 24123200 11 39 theme <50 1157:1159 arg1 % 1160:1160 % 1160:1160 % 1160:1160 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 11 40 theme % 1160:1160 arg1 relatedness 1162:1172 <50% relatedness 1157:1172 <50% relatedness 1157:1172 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 5 41 contain contained 476:484 arg2 acid 519:522 glutamic acid 510:522 glutamic acid 510:522 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24123200 5 41 contain contained 476:484 arg2 glycine 537:543 glycine 537:543 glycine 537:543 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24123200 5 41 contain contained 476:484 arg1 peptidoglycan 462:474 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 448:474 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 448:474 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24123200 5 41 contain contained 476:484 arg2 alanine 525:531 alanine 525:531 alanine 525:531 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24123200 5 41 contain contained 476:484 arg2 acid 504:507 ll-diaminopimelic acid 486:507 ll-diaminopimelic acid 486:507 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24123200 4 42 dep % 434:434 arg1 w/v 437:439 w/v 437:439 w/v 437:439 The novel strain grew aerobically at 15-28 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) and with 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 24123200 2 43 theme borealis 185:192 arg1 forest 195:200 a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest 170:200 a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest 170:200 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 2 44 attach isolated 142:149 arg2 actinobacterium 94:108 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium 65:108 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium 65:108 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 2 44 attach isolated 142:149 arg1 litter 160:165 the litter 156:165 the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea 156:218 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 11 45 theme genus 1131:1135 arg1 Streptomyces 1137:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 7 46 theme Whole-cell 603:612 arg1 hydrolysates 614:625 Whole-cell hydrolysates 603:625 Whole-cell hydrolysates 603:625 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose and ribose. 24123200 9 47 theme G+C 748:750 arg1 content 752:758 The G+C content 744:758 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 744:777 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 24123200 9 47 theme G+C 748:750 arg1 % 791:791 72.8 mol% 783:791 72.8 mol% 783:791 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 24123200 12 48 theme genus 1267:1271 arg1 Streptomyces 1273:1284 the genus Streptomyces 1263:1284 the genus Streptomyces 1263:1284 Based on these observations, strain JL-6(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 24123200 2 49 theme Sasa 180:183 arg1 forest 195:200 a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest 170:200 a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest 170:200 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 14 50 theme type 1358:1361 arg1 JL-6 1373:1376 JL-6 1373:1376 JL-6 1373:1376 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 14 50 theme type 1358:1361 arg1 strain 1363:1368 The type strain 1354:1368 The type strain 1354:1368 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 11 51 theme closest 1022:1028 arg1 strain 1038:1043 the closest related strain 1018:1043 the closest related strain 1018:1043 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 3 52 theme Strain 221:226 arg1 T 233:233 T 233:233 T 233:233 Strain JL-6(T) had white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains. 24123200 3 52 theme Strain 221:226 arg1 JL-6 228:231 Strain JL-6 221:231 Strain JL-6(T) 221:234 Strain JL-6(T) had white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains. 24123200 2 53 theme bamboo 172:177 arg1 forest 195:200 a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest 170:200 a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest 170:200 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 5 54 theme glutamic 510:517 arg1 acid 519:522 glutamic acid 510:522 glutamic acid 510:522 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24123200 2 55 theme Gram-stain-positive 67:85 arg1 actinobacterium 94:108 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium 65:108 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium 65:108 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 4 56 theme novel 331:335 arg1 strain 337:342 The novel strain 327:342 The novel strain 327:342 The novel strain grew aerobically at 15-28 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) and with 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 24123200 14 57 theme  = NBRC 1398:1404 arg1 T 1413:1413 T 1413:1413 T 1413:1413 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 14 57 theme  = NBRC 1398:1404 arg1 108882 1406:1411  = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882 1382:1411  = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T) 1382:1414 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 12 58 theme Streptomyces 1306:1317 arg1 sp 1332:1333 the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp 1297:1333 the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp 1297:1333 Based on these observations, strain JL-6(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 24123200 11 59 theme Streptomyces 1046:1057 arg1 turgidiscabies 1059:1072 Streptomyces turgidiscabies 1046:1072 Streptomyces turgidiscabies 1046:1072 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 14 60 theme T 1396:1396 arg1 T 1413:1413 T 1413:1413 T 1413:1413 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 14 60 theme T 1396:1396 arg1 108882 1406:1411  = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882 1382:1411  = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T) 1382:1414 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 12 61 theme name 1301:1304 arg1 sp 1332:1333 the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp 1297:1333 the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp 1297:1333 Based on these observations, strain JL-6(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 24123200 9 62 theme genomic 767:773 arg1 DNA 775:777 the genomic DNA 763:777 the genomic DNA 763:777 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 24123200 12 63 theme novel 1246:1250 arg1 species 1252:1258 a novel species 1244:1258 a novel species 1244:1258 Based on these observations, strain JL-6(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 24123200 10 64 theme gene 834:837 arg1 sequences 839:847 16S rRNA gene sequences 825:847 16S rRNA gene sequences 825:847 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JL-6(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces with sequence similarities ranging from 97.3% to 98.3%. 24123200 11 65 from turgidiscabies 1059:1072 arg1 Streptomyces 1137:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 the genus Streptomyces 1127:1148 However, DNA-DNA hybridization between JL-6(T) and the closest related strain, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ATCC 700248(T) and other closely related species in the genus Streptomyces showed <50% relatedness. 24123200 9 66 theme DNA 775:777 arg1 content 752:758 The G+C content 744:758 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 744:777 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 24123200 9 66 theme DNA 775:777 arg1 % 791:791 72.8 mol% 783:791 72.8 mol% 783:791 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. 24123200 14 67 theme 16470 1390:1394 arg1 T 1413:1413 T 1413:1413 T 1413:1413 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 14 67 theme 16470 1390:1394 arg1 108882 1406:1411  = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882 1382:1411  = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T) 1382:1414 The type strain is JL-6(T) ( = KACC 16470(T) = NBRC 108882(T)). 24123200 2 68 theme forest 195:200 arg1 litter 160:165 the litter 156:165 the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea 156:218 A Gram-stain-positive, novel actinobacterium, designated strain JL-6(T), was isolated from the litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest in Damyang, Korea. 24123200 12 69 theme Streptomyces 1273:1284 arg1 species 1252:1258 a novel species 1244:1258 a novel species 1244:1258 Based on these observations, strain JL-6(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 24123200 3 70 theme straight 298:305 arg1 spore-chains 313:324 straight, long spore-chains 298:324 straight, long spore-chains 298:324 Strain JL-6(T) had white-grey, smooth, cylindrical spores that were borne in straight, long spore-chains. 24123200 12 71 theme graminilatus 1319:1330 arg1 sp 1332:1333 the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp 1297:1333 the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp 1297:1333 Based on these observations, strain JL-6(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces graminilatus sp. 24680377 11 0 theme region-specific 1682:1696 arg1 functions 1698:1706 the region-specific functions 1678:1706 the region-specific functions 1678:1706 These results demonstrate that the morphology and the glycan pattern of the camel oviductal epithelium vary during the follicular wave and that could relate to the region-specific functions. 24680377 1 1 theme scanning 273:280 arg1 SEM 303:305 SEM 303:305 SEM 303:305 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 1 1 theme scanning 273:280 arg1 microscopy 291:300 scanning electron microscopy 273:300 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 273:306 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 11 2 theme glycan 1572:1577 arg1 pattern 1579:1585 the glycan pattern 1568:1585 the glycan pattern of the camel oviductal epithelium 1568:1619 These results demonstrate that the morphology and the glycan pattern of the camel oviductal epithelium vary during the follicular wave and that could relate to the region-specific functions. 24680377 3 3 dep blebs 512:516 arg1 secretory 519:527 secretory 519:527 secretory 519:527 Under SEM, non-ciliated cells displayed apical blebs (secretory) or short microvilli. 24680377 4 4 attach linked 709:714 arg2 acid 704:707 sialic acid 697:707 sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) 697:782 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 4 4 attach linked 709:714 arg1 Galβ1,3GalNAc 724:736 Galβ1,3GalNAc 724:736 Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) 724:782 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 5 5 theme supra-nuclear 871:883 arg1 cytoplasm 885:893 the supra-nuclear cytoplasm 867:893 the supra-nuclear cytoplasm 867:893 Non-ciliated cells displayed lectin-binding sites from the supra-nuclear cytoplasm to the luminal surface. 24680377 1 6 theme electron 282:289 arg1 SEM 303:305 SEM 303:305 SEM 303:305 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 1 6 theme electron 282:289 arg1 microscopy 291:300 scanning electron microscopy 273:300 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 273:306 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 4 7 theme -PNA 769:772 arg1 staining 774:781 KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining 750:781 KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining 750:781 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 7 8 from MP 1135:1136 arg1 MP 1163:1164 MP 1163:1164 MP 1163:1164 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 9 9 theme sialic 1385:1390 arg1 acids 1392:1396 α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids 1363:1396 α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids 1363:1396 Luminal surface lacked of Galβ1,3GalNAc in GP and MP, whereas it expressed α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids. 24680377 5 10 from cytoplasm 885:893 arg1 sites 856:860 lectin-binding sites 841:860 lectin-binding sites from the supra-nuclear cytoplasm 841:893 Non-ciliated cells displayed lectin-binding sites from the supra-nuclear cytoplasm to the luminal surface. 24680377 6 11 theme Ampulla 919:925 arg1 cells 940:944 Ampulla non-ciliated cells 919:944 Ampulla non-ciliated cells 919:944 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 3 12 theme non-ciliated 476:487 arg1 cells 489:493 non-ciliated cells 476:493 non-ciliated cells 476:493 Under SEM, non-ciliated cells displayed apical blebs (secretory) or short microvilli. 24680377 3 13 theme apical 505:510 arg1 blebs 512:516 apical blebs 505:516 apical blebs (secretory) 505:528 Under SEM, non-ciliated cells displayed apical blebs (secretory) or short microvilli. 24680377 7 14 theme SNA 1110:1112 arg1 reactivity 1114:1123 SNA reactivity 1110:1123 SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP 1110:1219 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 4 15 theme MP 690:691 arg1 oviducts 671:678 the oviducts 667:678 the oviducts of GP and MP 667:691 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 4 16 theme SNA 642:644 arg1 Gal/GalNAc 630:639 Gal/GalNAc 630:639 Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP 630:691 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 4 16 theme SNA 642:644 arg1 affinity 646:653 SNA affinity 642:653 SNA affinity 642:653 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 9 17 theme Luminal 1288:1294 arg1 surface 1296:1302 Luminal surface 1288:1302 Luminal surface 1288:1302 Luminal surface lacked of Galβ1,3GalNAc in GP and MP, whereas it expressed α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids. 24680377 7 18 theme non-ciliated 1081:1092 arg1 cells 1094:1098 Isthmus non-ciliated cells 1073:1098 Isthmus non-ciliated cells 1073:1098 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 11 19 theme epithelium 1610:1619 arg1 morphology 1553:1562 the morphology 1549:1562 the morphology 1549:1562 These results demonstrate that the morphology and the glycan pattern of the camel oviductal epithelium vary during the follicular wave and that could relate to the region-specific functions. 24680377 11 19 theme epithelium 1610:1619 arg1 pattern 1579:1585 the glycan pattern 1568:1585 the glycan pattern of the camel oviductal epithelium 1568:1619 These results demonstrate that the morphology and the glycan pattern of the camel oviductal epithelium vary during the follicular wave and that could relate to the region-specific functions. 24680377 7 20 from affinity 1186:1193 arg1 MP 1163:1164 MP 1163:1164 MP 1163:1164 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 2 21 theme Epithelium 348:357 arg1 height 359:364 Epithelium height 348:364 Epithelium height 348:364 Epithelium height significantly increased in the ampulla and decreased in the isthmus passing from the GP to the MP. 24680377 10 22 theme intraluminal 1405:1416 arg1 substance 1418:1426 intraluminal substance 1405:1426 intraluminal substance 1405:1426 In GP intraluminal substance reacted with SNA, MAL II, K-s-PNA in ampulla and only with MAL II in the isthmus and UTJ. 24680377 6 23 theme non-ciliated 927:938 arg1 cells 940:944 Ampulla non-ciliated cells 919:944 Ampulla non-ciliated cells 919:944 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 7 24 from binders 1152:1158 arg1 MP 1163:1164 MP 1163:1164 MP 1163:1164 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 4 25 theme sialic 697:702 arg1 acid 704:707 sialic acid 697:707 sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) 697:782 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 4 26 theme sialic 603:608 arg1 acid 610:613 sialic acid 603:613 sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP 603:691 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 9 27 theme α2,3-linked 1373:1383 arg1 acids 1392:1396 α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids 1363:1396 α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids 1363:1396 Luminal surface lacked of Galβ1,3GalNAc in GP and MP, whereas it expressed α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids. 24680377 9 28 from Galβ1,3GalNAc 1314:1326 arg1 GP 1331:1332 GP 1331:1332 GP 1331:1332 Luminal surface lacked of Galβ1,3GalNAc in GP and MP, whereas it expressed α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids. 24680377 9 28 from Galβ1,3GalNAc 1314:1326 arg1 MP 1338:1339 MP 1338:1339 MP 1338:1339 Luminal surface lacked of Galβ1,3GalNAc in GP and MP, whereas it expressed α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids. 24680377 7 29 theme PNA 1182:1184 arg1 affinity 1186:1193 PNA affinity 1182:1193 PNA affinity 1182:1193 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 0 30 theme Morphological 0:12 arg1 features 25:32 Morphological and glycan features 0:32 Morphological and glycan features of the camel 0:45 Morphological and glycan features of the camel oviduct epithelium. 24680377 1 31 theme regional 88:95 arg1 differences 97:107 regional differences 88:107 regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) 88:168 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 11 32 theme oviductal 1600:1608 arg1 epithelium 1610:1619 the camel oviductal epithelium 1590:1619 the camel oviductal epithelium 1590:1619 These results demonstrate that the morphology and the glycan pattern of the camel oviductal epithelium vary during the follicular wave and that could relate to the region-specific functions. 24680377 2 33 dep MP 461:462 arg1 GP 451:452 GP 451:452 GP 451:452 Epithelium height significantly increased in the ampulla and decreased in the isthmus passing from the GP to the MP. 24680377 2 33 dep MP 461:462 arg1 the 447:449 the 447:449 the 447:449 Epithelium height significantly increased in the ampulla and decreased in the isthmus passing from the GP to the MP. 24680377 1 34 theme growth 181:186 arg1 phase 188:192 the growth phase 177:192 the growth phase (GP) 177:197 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 1 34 theme growth 181:186 arg1 GP 195:196 GP 195:196 GP 195:196 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 0 35 theme glycan 18:23 arg1 features 25:32 Morphological and glycan features 0:32 Morphological and glycan features of the camel 0:45 Morphological and glycan features of the camel oviduct epithelium. 24680377 1 36 theme follicular 232:241 arg1 wave 243:246 the follicular wave 228:246 the follicular wave 228:246 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 1 37 theme glycohistochemistry 312:330 arg1 investigations 332:345 glycohistochemistry investigations 312:345 glycohistochemistry investigations 312:345 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 1 38 dep camel 142:146 arg1 dromedarius 157:167 Camelus dromedarius 149:167 Camelus dromedarius 149:167 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 9 39 theme α2,6- 1363:1367 arg1 acids 1392:1396 α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids 1363:1396 α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids 1363:1396 Luminal surface lacked of Galβ1,3GalNAc in GP and MP, whereas it expressed α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids. 24680377 1 40 theme wave 243:246 arg1 phase 188:192 the growth phase 177:192 the growth phase (GP) 177:197 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 1 40 theme wave 243:246 arg1 MP 221:222 MP 221:222 MP 221:222 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 1 40 theme wave 243:246 arg1 phase 214:218 the mature phase 203:218 the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations 203:345 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 1 40 theme wave 243:246 arg1 GP 195:196 GP 195:196 GP 195:196 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 7 41 theme Isthmus 1073:1079 arg1 cells 1094:1098 Isthmus non-ciliated cells 1073:1098 Isthmus non-ciliated cells 1073:1098 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 8 42 theme non-ciliated 1258:1269 arg1 cells 1271:1275 the non-ciliated cells 1254:1275 the non-ciliated cells of GP UTJ 1254:1285 Galβ1,3GalNAc was sialilated in the non-ciliated cells of GP UTJ. 24680377 4 43 dep Galβ1,3GalNAc 724:736 arg1 MAL 739:741 MAL II 739:744 MAL II 739:744 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 4 43 dep Galβ1,3GalNAc 724:736 arg1 staining 774:781 KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining 750:781 KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining 750:781 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 11 44 theme camel 1594:1598 arg1 epithelium 1610:1619 the camel oviductal epithelium 1590:1619 the camel oviductal epithelium 1590:1619 These results demonstrate that the morphology and the glycan pattern of the camel oviductal epithelium vary during the follicular wave and that could relate to the region-specific functions. 24680377 3 45 theme short 533:537 arg1 microvilli 539:548 short microvilli 533:548 short microvilli 533:548 Under SEM, non-ciliated cells displayed apical blebs (secretory) or short microvilli. 24680377 6 46 theme mucin-type 963:972 arg1 sialoglycans 975:986 O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans 953:986 O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP 953:1024 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 46 theme mucin-type 963:972 arg1 MAL 989:991 MAL II 989:994 MAL II 989:994 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 46 theme mucin-type 963:972 arg1 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 4 47 theme MP 799:800 arg1 oviducts 802:809 the MP oviducts 795:809 the MP oviducts 795:809 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 6 48 link N-linked 1030:1037 arg1 SNA 1053:1055 SNA 1053:1055 SNA 1053:1055 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 48 link N-linked 1030:1037 arg1 sialoglycans 1039:1050 N-linked sialoglycans 1030:1050 N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) 1030:1056 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 10 49 dep isthmus 1501:1507 arg1 the 1497:1499 the 1497:1499 the 1497:1499 In GP intraluminal substance reacted with SNA, MAL II, K-s-PNA in ampulla and only with MAL II in the isthmus and UTJ. 24680377 7 50 from MAL 1171:1173 arg1 MP 1163:1164 MP 1163:1164 MP 1163:1164 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 5 51 theme Non-ciliated 812:823 arg1 cells 825:829 Non-ciliated cells 812:829 Non-ciliated cells 812:829 Non-ciliated cells displayed lectin-binding sites from the supra-nuclear cytoplasm to the luminal surface. 24680377 0 52 theme camel 41:45 arg1 features 25:32 Morphological and glycan features 0:32 Morphological and glycan features of the camel 0:45 Morphological and glycan features of the camel oviduct epithelium. 24680377 9 53 link α2,3-linked 1373:1383 arg1 acids 1392:1396 α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids 1363:1396 α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids 1363:1396 Luminal surface lacked of Galβ1,3GalNAc in GP and MP, whereas it expressed α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids. 24680377 7 54 from reactivity 1114:1123 arg1 MP 1135:1136 MP 1135:1136 MP 1135:1136 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 7 54 from reactivity 1114:1123 arg1 GP 1128:1129 GP 1128:1129 GP 1128:1129 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 7 54 from reactivity 1114:1123 arg1 MAL 1171:1173 MAL II 1171:1176 MAL II 1171:1176 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 7 54 from reactivity 1114:1123 arg1 binders 1152:1158 K-s-PNA binders 1144:1158 K-s-PNA binders in MP 1144:1164 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 7 54 from reactivity 1114:1123 arg1 Galβ1,3GalNAc 1196:1208 Galβ1,3GalNAc 1196:1208 Galβ1,3GalNAc 1196:1208 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 10 55 from MAL 1487:1489 arg1 UTJ 1513:1515 UTJ 1513:1515 UTJ 1513:1515 In GP intraluminal substance reacted with SNA, MAL II, K-s-PNA in ampulla and only with MAL II in the isthmus and UTJ. 24680377 10 55 from MAL 1487:1489 arg1 isthmus 1501:1507 isthmus 1501:1507 isthmus 1501:1507 In GP intraluminal substance reacted with SNA, MAL II, K-s-PNA in ampulla and only with MAL II in the isthmus and UTJ. 24680377 6 56 theme N-linked 1030:1037 arg1 SNA 1053:1055 SNA 1053:1055 SNA 1053:1055 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 56 theme N-linked 1030:1037 arg1 sialoglycans 1039:1050 N-linked sialoglycans 1030:1050 N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) 1030:1056 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 1 57 from differences 97:107 arg1 oviduct 116:122 the oviduct 112:122 the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) 112:168 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 7 58 theme K-s-PNA 1144:1150 arg1 binders 1152:1158 K-s-PNA binders 1144:1158 K-s-PNA binders in MP 1144:1164 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 8 59 theme UTJ 1283:1285 arg1 cells 1271:1275 the non-ciliated cells 1254:1275 the non-ciliated cells of GP UTJ 1254:1285 Galβ1,3GalNAc was sialilated in the non-ciliated cells of GP UTJ. 24680377 6 60 link O-linked 953:960 arg1 sialoglycans 975:986 O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans 953:986 O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP 953:1024 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 60 link O-linked 953:960 arg1 MAL 989:991 MAL II 989:994 MAL II 989:994 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 60 link O-linked 953:960 arg1 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 5 61 theme luminal 902:908 arg1 surface 910:916 the luminal surface 898:916 the luminal surface 898:916 Non-ciliated cells displayed lectin-binding sites from the supra-nuclear cytoplasm to the luminal surface. 24680377 7 62 from GP 1128:1129 arg1 MP 1163:1164 MP 1163:1164 MP 1163:1164 Isthmus non-ciliated cells expressed SNA reactivity in GP and MP, also K-s-PNA binders in MP, and MAL II and PNA affinity (Galβ1,3GalNAc) during GP. 24680377 8 63 theme GP 1280:1281 arg1 UTJ 1283:1285 GP UTJ 1280:1285 GP UTJ 1280:1285 Galβ1,3GalNAc was sialilated in the non-ciliated cells of GP UTJ. 24680377 4 64 theme GP 683:684 arg1 oviducts 671:678 the oviducts 667:678 the oviducts of GP and MP 667:691 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 5 65 theme lectin-binding 841:854 arg1 sites 856:860 lectin-binding sites 841:860 lectin-binding sites from the supra-nuclear cytoplasm 841:893 Non-ciliated cells displayed lectin-binding sites from the supra-nuclear cytoplasm to the luminal surface. 24680377 6 66 theme O-linked 953:960 arg1 sialoglycans 975:986 O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans 953:986 O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP 953:1024 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 66 theme O-linked 953:960 arg1 MAL 989:991 MAL II 989:994 MAL II 989:994 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 66 theme O-linked 953:960 arg1 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 67 dep sialoglycans 975:986 arg1 sialoglycans 975:986 O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans 953:986 O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP 953:1024 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 67 dep sialoglycans 975:986 arg1 MAL 989:991 MAL II 989:994 MAL II 989:994 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 6 67 dep sialoglycans 975:986 arg1 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 K-s-PNA 1000:1006 Ampulla non-ciliated cells showed O-linked (mucin-type) sialoglycans (MAL II and K-s-PNA) during GP and MP and N-linked sialoglycans (SNA) during the MP. 24680377 1 68 theme one-humped 131:140 arg1 camel 142:146 the one-humped camel 127:146 the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) 127:168 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 11 69 theme follicular 1637:1646 arg1 wave 1648:1651 the follicular wave 1633:1651 the follicular wave 1633:1651 These results demonstrate that the morphology and the glycan pattern of the camel oviductal epithelium vary during the follicular wave and that could relate to the region-specific functions. 24680377 4 70 theme Cilia 551:555 arg1 glycocalyx 557:566 Cilia glycocalyx 551:566 Cilia glycocalyx 551:566 Cilia glycocalyx expressed glycans terminating with sialic acid linked α2,6 to Gal/GalNAc (SNA affinity) throughout the oviducts of GP and MP and sialic acid linked α2,3 to Galβ1,3GalNAc (MAL II and KOH-sialidase (K-s)-PNA staining) throughout the MP oviducts. 24680377 1 71 theme camel 142:146 arg1 oviduct 116:122 the oviduct 112:122 the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) 112:168 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 1 72 theme mature 207:212 arg1 MP 221:222 MP 221:222 MP 221:222 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24680377 1 72 theme mature 207:212 arg1 phase 214:218 the mature phase 203:218 the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations 203:345 This study describes regional differences in the oviduct of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the growth phase (GP) and the mature phase (MP) of the follicular wave by means of morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glycohistochemistry investigations. 24991814 3 0 theme different 681:689 arg1 compositions 691:702 different compositions 681:702 different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 681:739 To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. 24991814 10 1 theme critical 1855:1862 arg1 targets 1888:1894 targets 1888:1894 targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders 1888:1980 Importantly the present study also highlights critical roles of glial cells as targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. 24991814 10 1 theme critical 1855:1862 arg1 roles 1864:1868 critical roles 1855:1868 critical roles of glial cells 1855:1883 Importantly the present study also highlights critical roles of glial cells as targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. 24991814 4 2 theme dose-dependent 840:853 arg1 manner 855:860 a dose-dependent manner 838:860 a dose-dependent manner 838:860 Our results showed that SalB reduced both LPS- and MPP+-induced toxicity of dopamine neurons in a dose-dependent manner. 24991814 3 3 with cultures 667:674 arg1 compositions 691:702 different compositions 681:702 different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 681:739 To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. 24991814 6 4 theme factor 1190:1195 arg1 expression 1142:1151 expression 1142:1151 expression 1142:1151 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 6 4 theme factor 1190:1195 arg1 translocation 1165:1177 nuclear translocation 1157:1177 nuclear translocation 1157:1177 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 1 5 link plant-derived 217:229 arg1 herb 241:244 the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 213:252 the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 213:252 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 10 6 theme cells 1879:1883 arg1 targets 1888:1894 targets 1888:1894 targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders 1888:1980 Importantly the present study also highlights critical roles of glial cells as targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. 24991814 10 6 theme cells 1879:1883 arg1 roles 1864:1868 critical roles 1855:1868 critical roles of glial cells 1855:1883 Importantly the present study also highlights critical roles of glial cells as targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. 24991814 1 7 theme bioactive 180:188 arg1 B 168:168 Salvianolic acid B 151:168 Salvianolic acid B (SalB) 151:175 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 1 7 theme bioactive 180:188 arg1 compound 190:197 a bioactive compound 178:197 a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 178:252 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 9 8 theme activation-dependent 1771:1790 arg1 expression 1797:1806 astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression 1761:1806 astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression 1761:1806 Collectively, these findings demonstrated that SalB protects DA neurons by an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action: reducing microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and inducing astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression. 24991814 0 9 theme disease 135:141 arg1 models 143:148 Parkinson's disease models 123:148 Parkinson's disease models 123:148 Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. 24991814 3 10 theme SalB 567:570 arg1 effects 556:562 the neuroprotective effects 536:562 the neuroprotective effects of SalB 536:570 To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. 24991814 5 11 link line-derived 1027:1038 arg1 GDNF 1061:1064 GDNF 1061:1064 GDNF 1061:1064 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 11 link line-derived 1027:1038 arg1 factor 1053:1058 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 1016:1058 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 1016:1065 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 12 dep expression 990:999 arg1 the 986:988 the 986:988 the 986:988 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 9 13 dep microglia 1700:1708 arg1 neuroinflammation 1730:1746 activation-mediated neuroinflammation 1710:1746 microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation 1700:1746 Collectively, these findings demonstrated that SalB protects DA neurons by an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action: reducing microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and inducing astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression. 24991814 5 14 theme pro-inflammatory 928:943 arg1 cytokines 945:953 microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines 917:953 microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines 917:953 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 3 15 theme -induced 615:622 arg1 injury 633:638 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury 591:638 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury 591:638 To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. 24991814 1 16 theme Salvianolic 151:161 arg1 B 168:168 Salvianolic acid B 151:168 Salvianolic acid B (SalB) 151:175 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 1 16 theme Salvianolic 151:161 arg1 compound 190:197 a bioactive compound 178:197 a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 178:252 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 1 16 theme Salvianolic 151:161 arg1 SalB 171:174 SalB 171:174 SalB 171:174 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 0 17 from activity 111:118 arg1 models 143:148 Parkinson's disease models 123:148 Parkinson's disease models 123:148 Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. 24991814 5 18 from astrocytes 1072:1081 arg1 release 1005:1011 release 1005:1011 release 1005:1011 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 18 from astrocytes 1072:1081 arg1 increase 974:981 an increase 971:981 an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes 971:1081 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 18 from astrocytes 1072:1081 arg1 expression 990:999 expression 990:999 expression 990:999 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 1 19 theme several 338:344 arg1 disorders 359:367 several neurological disorders 338:367 several neurological disorders 338:367 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 8 20 dep dopaminergic 1435:1446 arg1 DA 1449:1450 DA 1449:1450 DA 1449:1450 Moreover, SalB treatment significantly attenuated dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss, inhibited neuroinflammation, increased GDNF expression and improved the neurological function in MPTP-treated mice. 24991814 2 21 theme disease 502:508 arg1 models 515:520 Parkinson's disease (PD) models 490:520 Parkinson's disease (PD) models 490:520 In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 24991814 0 22 theme cells-mediated 85:98 arg1 activity 111:118 Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity 64:118 Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models 64:148 Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. 24991814 8 23 theme neurological 1540:1551 arg1 function 1553:1560 the neurological function 1536:1560 the neurological function in MPTP-treated mice 1536:1581 Moreover, SalB treatment significantly attenuated dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss, inhibited neuroinflammation, increased GDNF expression and improved the neurological function in MPTP-treated mice. 24991814 6 24 theme blot 1092:1095 arg1 analysis 1097:1104 Western blot analysis 1084:1104 Western blot analysis 1084:1104 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 0 25 theme Salvianolic 0:10 arg1 B 17:17 Salvianolic acid B 0:17 Salvianolic acid B 0:17 Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. 24991814 7 26 theme SalB-induced 1324:1335 arg1 expression 1342:1351 the SalB-induced GDNF expression 1320:1351 the SalB-induced GDNF expression 1320:1351 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. 24991814 2 27 theme associated 447:456 arg1 mechanisms 468:477 associated molecular mechanisms 447:477 associated molecular mechanisms 447:477 In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 24991814 9 28 theme DA 1645:1646 arg1 neurons 1648:1654 DA neurons 1645:1654 DA neurons 1645:1654 Collectively, these findings demonstrated that SalB protects DA neurons by an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action: reducing microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and inducing astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression. 24991814 1 29 theme various 279:285 arg1 activities 324:333 various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities 279:333 various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities 279:333 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 10 30 theme neurodegenerative 1954:1970 arg1 disorders 1972:1980 neurodegenerative disorders 1954:1980 neurodegenerative disorders 1954:1980 Importantly the present study also highlights critical roles of glial cells as targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. 24991814 4 31 theme dopamine 818:825 arg1 neurons 827:833 dopamine neurons 818:833 dopamine neurons 818:833 Our results showed that SalB reduced both LPS- and MPP+-induced toxicity of dopamine neurons in a dose-dependent manner. 24991814 2 32 theme potential 414:422 arg1 effects 435:441 potential protective effects 414:441 potential protective effects 414:441 In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 24991814 0 33 theme toxin-induced 30:42 arg1 damage 53:58 toxin-induced neuronal damage 30:58 toxin-induced neuronal damage 30:58 Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. 24991814 5 34 theme neurotrophic 1040:1051 arg1 GDNF 1061:1064 GDNF 1061:1064 GDNF 1061:1064 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 34 theme neurotrophic 1040:1051 arg1 factor 1053:1058 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 1016:1058 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 1016:1065 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 2 35 theme SalB 482:485 arg1 mechanisms 468:477 associated molecular mechanisms 447:477 associated molecular mechanisms 447:477 In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 24991814 2 35 theme SalB 482:485 arg1 effects 435:441 potential protective effects 414:441 potential protective effects 414:441 In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 24991814 0 36 theme Nrf2-dependent 64:77 arg1 activity 111:118 Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity 64:118 Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models 64:148 Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. 24991814 2 37 dep effects 435:441 arg1 the 410:412 the 410:412 the 410:412 In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 24991814 6 38 theme -like 1218:1222 arg1 Nrf2 1227:1230 Nrf2 1227:1230 Nrf2 1227:1230 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 6 38 theme -like 1218:1222 arg1 erythroid-derived 1198:1214 erythroid-derived 2 1198:1216 erythroid-derived 2 1198:1216 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 6 38 theme -like 1218:1222 arg1 factor 1190:1195 nuclear factor 1182:1195 nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) 1182:1231 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 6 39 dep expression 1142:1151 arg1 the 1138:1140 the 1138:1140 the 1138:1140 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 5 40 from increase 974:981 arg1 release 1005:1011 release 1005:1011 release 1005:1011 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 40 from increase 974:981 arg1 astrocytes 1072:1081 astrocytes 1072:1081 astrocytes 1072:1081 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 40 from increase 974:981 arg1 expression 990:999 expression 990:999 expression 990:999 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 1 41 theme plant-derived 217:229 arg1 herb 241:244 the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 213:252 the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 213:252 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 9 42 theme -mediated 1668:1676 arg1 action 1683:1688 an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action 1659:1688 an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action 1659:1688 Collectively, these findings demonstrated that SalB protects DA neurons by an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action: reducing microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and inducing astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression. 24991814 7 43 theme interfering 1277:1287 arg1 siRNA 1294:1298 siRNA 1294:1298 siRNA 1294:1298 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. 24991814 7 43 theme interfering 1277:1287 arg1 RNA 1289:1291 specific small interfering RNA 1262:1291 specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) 1262:1299 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. 24991814 3 44 theme primary 659:665 arg1 cultures 667:674 primary cultures 659:674 primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 659:739 To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. 24991814 5 45 theme cell 1022:1025 arg1 GDNF 1061:1064 GDNF 1061:1064 GDNF 1061:1064 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 45 theme cell 1022:1025 arg1 factor 1053:1058 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 1016:1058 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 1016:1065 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 2 46 from effects 435:441 arg1 models 515:520 Parkinson's disease (PD) models 490:520 Parkinson's disease (PD) models 490:520 In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 24991814 7 47 theme specific 1262:1269 arg1 siRNA 1294:1298 siRNA 1294:1298 siRNA 1294:1298 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. 24991814 7 47 theme specific 1262:1269 arg1 RNA 1289:1291 specific small interfering RNA 1262:1291 specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) 1262:1299 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. 24991814 3 48 theme neurons 707:713 arg1 compositions 691:702 different compositions 681:702 different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 681:739 To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. 24991814 7 49 theme Nrf2 1251:1254 arg1 knockdown 1238:1246 The knockdown 1234:1246 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) 1234:1299 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. 24991814 3 50 theme neuroprotective 540:554 arg1 effects 556:562 the neuroprotective effects 536:562 the neuroprotective effects of SalB 536:570 To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. 24991814 9 51 theme activation-mediated 1710:1728 arg1 neuroinflammation 1730:1746 activation-mediated neuroinflammation 1710:1746 microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation 1700:1746 Collectively, these findings demonstrated that SalB protects DA neurons by an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action: reducing microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and inducing astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression. 24991814 3 52 theme astrocytes 730:739 arg1 compositions 691:702 different compositions 681:702 different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 681:739 To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. 24991814 3 53 theme microglia 716:724 arg1 compositions 691:702 different compositions 681:702 different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 681:739 To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. 24991814 5 54 theme SalB 877:880 arg1 treatment 882:890 SalB treatment 877:890 SalB treatment 877:890 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 9 55 theme astrocyte 1761:1769 arg1 expression 1797:1806 astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression 1761:1806 astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression 1761:1806 Collectively, these findings demonstrated that SalB protects DA neurons by an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action: reducing microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and inducing astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression. 24991814 6 56 theme nuclear 1182:1188 arg1 Nrf2 1227:1230 Nrf2 1227:1230 Nrf2 1227:1230 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 6 56 theme nuclear 1182:1188 arg1 erythroid-derived 1198:1214 erythroid-derived 2 1198:1216 erythroid-derived 2 1198:1216 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 6 56 theme nuclear 1182:1188 arg1 factor 1190:1195 nuclear factor 1182:1195 nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) 1182:1231 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 8 57 theme dopaminergic 1435:1446 arg1 loss 1462:1465 dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss 1435:1465 dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss 1435:1465 Moreover, SalB treatment significantly attenuated dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss, inhibited neuroinflammation, increased GDNF expression and improved the neurological function in MPTP-treated mice. 24991814 10 58 theme glial 1873:1877 arg1 cells 1879:1883 glial cells 1873:1883 glial cells 1873:1883 Importantly the present study also highlights critical roles of glial cells as targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. 24991814 9 59 theme GDNF 1792:1795 arg1 expression 1797:1806 astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression 1761:1806 astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression 1761:1806 Collectively, these findings demonstrated that SalB protects DA neurons by an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action: reducing microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and inducing astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression. 24991814 1 60 dep herb 241:244 arg1 Danshen 246:252 Danshen 246:252 Danshen 246:252 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 10 61 theme new 1911:1913 arg1 strategies 1915:1924 new strategies 1911:1924 new strategies 1911:1924 Importantly the present study also highlights critical roles of glial cells as targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. 24991814 5 62 theme microglial 917:926 arg1 cytokines 945:953 microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines 917:953 microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines 917:953 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 8 63 theme GDNF 1507:1510 arg1 expression 1512:1521 GDNF expression 1507:1521 GDNF expression 1507:1521 Moreover, SalB treatment significantly attenuated dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss, inhibited neuroinflammation, increased GDNF expression and improved the neurological function in MPTP-treated mice. 24991814 5 64 theme cytokines 945:953 arg1 release 906:912 the release 902:912 the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines 902:953 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 0 65 theme glial 79:83 arg1 activity 111:118 Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity 64:118 Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models 64:148 Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. 24991814 1 66 theme acid 163:166 arg1 B 168:168 Salvianolic acid B 151:168 Salvianolic acid B (SalB) 151:175 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 1 66 theme acid 163:166 arg1 compound 190:197 a bioactive compound 178:197 a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 178:252 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 1 66 theme acid 163:166 arg1 SalB 171:174 SalB 171:174 SalB 171:174 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 7 67 theme anti-inflammatory 1357:1373 arg1 activity 1375:1382 anti-inflammatory activity 1357:1382 anti-inflammatory activity 1357:1382 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. 24991814 0 68 theme protective 100:109 arg1 activity 111:118 Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity 64:118 Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models 64:148 Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. 24991814 1 69 theme neurological 346:357 arg1 disorders 359:367 several neurological disorders 338:367 several neurological disorders 338:367 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 2 70 from mechanisms 468:477 arg1 models 515:520 Parkinson's disease (PD) models 490:520 Parkinson's disease (PD) models 490:520 In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 24991814 8 71 theme MPTP-treated 1565:1576 arg1 mice 1578:1581 MPTP-treated mice 1565:1581 MPTP-treated mice 1565:1581 Moreover, SalB treatment significantly attenuated dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss, inhibited neuroinflammation, increased GDNF expression and improved the neurological function in MPTP-treated mice. 24991814 7 72 theme GDNF 1337:1340 arg1 expression 1342:1351 the SalB-induced GDNF expression 1320:1351 the SalB-induced GDNF expression 1320:1351 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. 24991814 0 73 theme acid 12:15 arg1 B 17:17 Salvianolic acid B 0:17 Salvianolic acid B 0:17 Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. 24991814 6 74 theme Western 1084:1090 arg1 analysis 1097:1104 Western blot analysis 1084:1104 Western blot analysis 1084:1104 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 2 75 theme molecular 458:466 arg1 mechanisms 468:477 associated molecular mechanisms 447:477 associated molecular mechanisms 447:477 In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 24991814 9 76 theme dual 1678:1681 arg1 action 1683:1688 an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action 1659:1688 an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action 1659:1688 Collectively, these findings demonstrated that SalB protects DA neurons by an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action: reducing microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and inducing astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression. 24991814 10 77 theme disorders 1972:1980 arg1 progression 1939:1949 the progression 1935:1949 the progression of neurodegenerative disorders 1935:1980 Importantly the present study also highlights critical roles of glial cells as targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. 24991814 8 78 theme SalB 1395:1398 arg1 treatment 1400:1408 SalB treatment 1395:1408 SalB treatment 1395:1408 Moreover, SalB treatment significantly attenuated dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss, inhibited neuroinflammation, increased GDNF expression and improved the neurological function in MPTP-treated mice. 24991814 2 79 theme protective 424:433 arg1 effects 435:441 potential protective effects 414:441 potential protective effects 414:441 In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. 24991814 0 80 theme neuronal 44:51 arg1 damage 53:58 toxin-induced neuronal damage 30:58 toxin-induced neuronal damage 30:58 Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. 24991814 1 81 theme anti-oxidative 287:300 arg1 activities 324:333 various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities 279:333 various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities 279:333 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 5 82 theme line-derived 1027:1038 arg1 GDNF 1061:1064 GDNF 1061:1064 GDNF 1061:1064 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 82 theme line-derived 1027:1038 arg1 factor 1053:1058 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 1016:1058 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 1016:1065 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 3 83 theme neuronal 624:631 arg1 injury 633:638 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury 591:638 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury 591:638 To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. 24991814 1 84 theme anti-inflammatory 306:322 arg1 activities 324:333 various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities 279:333 various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities 279:333 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 5 85 theme factor 1053:1058 arg1 release 1005:1011 release 1005:1011 release 1005:1011 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 85 theme factor 1053:1058 arg1 expression 990:999 expression 990:999 expression 990:999 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 6 86 theme nuclear 1157:1163 arg1 translocation 1165:1177 nuclear translocation 1157:1177 nuclear translocation 1157:1177 Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). 24991814 1 87 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 herb 241:244 the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 213:252 the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 213:252 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 1 87 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 B 168:168 Salvianolic acid B 151:168 Salvianolic acid B (SalB) 151:175 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 1 87 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 compound 190:197 a bioactive compound 178:197 a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 178:252 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 4 88 theme neurons 827:833 arg1 LPS- 784:787 LPS- 784:787 LPS- 784:787 Our results showed that SalB reduced both LPS- and MPP+-induced toxicity of dopamine neurons in a dose-dependent manner. 24991814 4 88 theme neurons 827:833 arg1 toxicity 806:813 MPP+-induced toxicity 793:813 MPP+-induced toxicity 793:813 Our results showed that SalB reduced both LPS- and MPP+-induced toxicity of dopamine neurons in a dose-dependent manner. 24991814 4 89 theme MPP+-induced 793:804 arg1 toxicity 806:813 MPP+-induced toxicity 793:813 MPP+-induced toxicity 793:813 Our results showed that SalB reduced both LPS- and MPP+-induced toxicity of dopamine neurons in a dose-dependent manner. 24991814 9 90 theme Nrf-2 1662:1666 arg1 action 1683:1688 an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action 1659:1688 an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action 1659:1688 Collectively, these findings demonstrated that SalB protects DA neurons by an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action: reducing microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and inducing astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression. 24991814 7 91 theme small 1271:1275 arg1 siRNA 1294:1298 siRNA 1294:1298 siRNA 1294:1298 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. 24991814 7 91 theme small 1271:1275 arg1 RNA 1289:1291 specific small interfering RNA 1262:1291 specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) 1262:1299 The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. 24991814 10 92 theme present 1825:1831 arg1 study 1833:1837 the present study 1821:1837 the present study 1821:1837 Importantly the present study also highlights critical roles of glial cells as targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. 24991814 1 93 theme medicinal 231:239 arg1 herb 241:244 the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 213:252 the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen 213:252 Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. 24991814 5 94 theme glial 1016:1020 arg1 GDNF 1061:1064 GDNF 1061:1064 GDNF 1061:1064 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 5 94 theme glial 1016:1020 arg1 factor 1053:1058 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 1016:1058 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 1016:1065 Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. 24991814 8 95 theme neuronal 1453:1460 arg1 loss 1462:1465 dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss 1435:1465 dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss 1435:1465 Moreover, SalB treatment significantly attenuated dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss, inhibited neuroinflammation, increased GDNF expression and improved the neurological function in MPTP-treated mice. 24991814 8 96 from function 1553:1560 arg1 mice 1578:1581 MPTP-treated mice 1565:1581 MPTP-treated mice 1565:1581 Moreover, SalB treatment significantly attenuated dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss, inhibited neuroinflammation, increased GDNF expression and improved the neurological function in MPTP-treated mice. 27040815 1 0 theme applicable 162:171 arg1 delivery 140:147 Targeted drug delivery 126:147 Targeted drug delivery 126:147 Targeted drug delivery is a broadly applicable approach for cancer therapy. 27040815 1 0 theme applicable 162:171 arg1 approach 173:180 a broadly applicable approach 152:180 a broadly applicable approach for cancer therapy 152:199 Targeted drug delivery is a broadly applicable approach for cancer therapy. 27040815 4 1 theme molecules 637:645 arg1 advantages 617:626 the advantages 613:626 the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies 613:665 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 9 2 from potential 1342:1350 arg1 therapy 1362:1368 cancer therapy 1355:1368 cancer therapy 1355:1368 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system shows great potential in cancer therapy. 27040815 8 3 dep in 1150:1151 arg1 vitro 1153:1157 vitro 1153:1157 vitro 1153:1157 Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that Lac-DOX nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and weak side effects. 27040815 9 4 theme active 1288:1293 arg1 system 1323:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system 1277:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system 1277:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system shows great potential in cancer therapy. 27040815 4 5 theme small 631:635 arg1 molecules 637:645 small molecules 631:645 small molecules 631:645 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 3 6 theme delivery 392:399 arg1 system 401:406 a carrier-free targeted delivery system 368:406 a carrier-free targeted delivery system with nanoscale characteristics 368:437 Thus, to develop a carrier-free targeted delivery system with nanoscale characteristics is very attractive. 27040815 9 7 theme novel 1282:1286 arg1 system 1323:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system 1277:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system 1277:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system shows great potential in cancer therapy. 27040815 2 8 theme carrier-related 318:332 arg1 toxicity 334:341 carrier-related toxicity 318:341 carrier-related toxicity 318:341 However, the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system suffers from batch-to-batch variation, quality concerns and carrier-related toxicity issues. 27040815 4 9 theme nano-assemblies 651:665 arg1 advantages 617:626 the advantages 613:626 the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies 613:665 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 0 10 theme targeted 101:108 arg1 therapy 117:123 targeted cancer therapy 101:123 targeted cancer therapy 101:123 A small molecule nanodrug consisting of amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy. 27040815 4 11 theme high 776:779 arg1 ratio 794:798 high drug loading ratio 776:798 high drug loading ratio 776:798 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 3 12 theme carrier-free 370:381 arg1 system 401:406 a carrier-free targeted delivery system 368:406 a carrier-free targeted delivery system with nanoscale characteristics 368:437 Thus, to develop a carrier-free targeted delivery system with nanoscale characteristics is very attractive. 27040815 4 13 theme loading 786:792 arg1 ratio 794:798 high drug loading ratio 776:798 high drug loading ratio 776:798 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 4 14 theme circulation 730:740 arg1 time 742:745 long blood circulation time 719:745 long blood circulation time 719:745 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 3 15 theme targeted 383:390 arg1 system 401:406 a carrier-free targeted delivery system 368:406 a carrier-free targeted delivery system with nanoscale characteristics 368:437 Thus, to develop a carrier-free targeted delivery system with nanoscale characteristics is very attractive. 27040815 4 16 theme targeting 542:550 arg1 ligand 552:557 targeting ligand 542:557 targeting ligand 542:557 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 7 17 from nanoparticles 1121:1133 arg1 water 1138:1142 water 1138:1142 water 1138:1142 For its intrinsic amphiphilic property, Lac-DOX conjugate could self-assemble into nanoparticles in water. 27040815 1 18 theme cancer 186:191 arg1 therapy 193:199 cancer therapy 186:199 cancer therapy 186:199 Targeted drug delivery is a broadly applicable approach for cancer therapy. 27040815 0 19 theme small 2:6 arg1 molecule 8:15 A small molecule 0:15 A small molecule 0:15 A small molecule nanodrug consisting of amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy. 27040815 8 20 theme Lac-DOX 1193:1199 arg1 nanoparticles 1201:1213 Lac-DOX nanoparticles 1193:1213 Lac-DOX nanoparticles 1193:1213 Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that Lac-DOX nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and weak side effects. 27040815 4 21 theme drug 814:817 arg1 behavior 827:834 on-demand drug release behavior 804:834 on-demand drug release behavior 804:834 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 5 22 theme targeting 915:923 arg1 doxorubicin 878:888 doxorubicin 878:888 doxorubicin (DOX) 878:894 As a proof-of-concept, lactose (Lac) and doxorubicin (DOX) were chosen as the targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug, respectively. 27040815 5 22 theme targeting 915:923 arg1 lactose 860:866 lactose 860:866 lactose (Lac) 860:872 As a proof-of-concept, lactose (Lac) and doxorubicin (DOX) were chosen as the targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug, respectively. 27040815 5 22 theme targeting 915:923 arg1 ligand 925:930 the targeting ligand 911:930 the targeting ligand 911:930 As a proof-of-concept, lactose (Lac) and doxorubicin (DOX) were chosen as the targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug, respectively. 27040815 8 23 theme weak 1258:1261 arg1 effects 1268:1274 weak side effects 1258:1274 weak side effects 1258:1274 Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that Lac-DOX nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and weak side effects. 27040815 9 24 theme cancer 1355:1360 arg1 therapy 1362:1368 cancer therapy 1355:1368 cancer therapy 1355:1368 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system shows great potential in cancer therapy. 27040815 9 25 theme targeting 1295:1303 arg1 system 1323:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system 1277:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system 1277:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system shows great potential in cancer therapy. 27040815 4 26 theme on-demand 804:812 arg1 behavior 827:834 on-demand drug release behavior 804:834 on-demand drug release behavior 804:834 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 2 27 dep variation 286:294 arg1 issues 343:348 issues 343:348 issues 343:348 However, the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system suffers from batch-to-batch variation, quality concerns and carrier-related toxicity issues. 27040815 6 28 theme hydrazone 1021:1029 arg1 group 1031:1035 a pH-responsive hydrazone group 1005:1035 a pH-responsive hydrazone group 1005:1035 Lac and DOX were conjugated through a pH-responsive hydrazone group. 27040815 8 29 theme in 1150:1151 arg1 assays 1171:1176 Both in vitro and in vivo assays 1145:1176 Both in vitro and in vivo assays 1145:1176 Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that Lac-DOX nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and weak side effects. 27040815 3 30 with system 401:406 arg1 characteristics 423:437 nanoscale characteristics 413:437 nanoscale characteristics 413:437 Thus, to develop a carrier-free targeted delivery system with nanoscale characteristics is very attractive. 27040815 9 31 theme delivery 1314:1321 arg1 system 1323:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system 1277:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system 1277:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system shows great potential in cancer therapy. 27040815 3 32 theme nanoscale 413:421 arg1 characteristics 423:437 nanoscale characteristics 413:437 nanoscale characteristics 413:437 Thus, to develop a carrier-free targeted delivery system with nanoscale characteristics is very attractive. 27040815 6 33 theme pH-responsive 1007:1019 arg1 group 1031:1035 a pH-responsive hydrazone group 1005:1035 a pH-responsive hydrazone group 1005:1035 Lac and DOX were conjugated through a pH-responsive hydrazone group. 27040815 4 34 theme molecule 489:496 arg1 system 521:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system 465:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug 465:579 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 4 35 theme release 819:825 arg1 behavior 827:834 on-demand drug release behavior 804:834 on-demand drug release behavior 804:834 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 4 36 theme targeting 697:705 arg1 ability 707:713 excellent targeting ability 687:713 excellent targeting ability 687:713 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 4 37 theme drug 781:784 arg1 ratio 794:798 high drug loading ratio 776:798 high drug loading ratio 776:798 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 4 38 theme small 483:487 arg1 system 521:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system 465:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug 465:579 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 4 39 theme long 719:722 arg1 time 742:745 long blood circulation time 719:745 long blood circulation time 719:745 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 4 40 theme self-delivery 507:519 arg1 system 521:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system 465:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug 465:579 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 5 41 dep ligand 925:930 arg1 drug 949:952 drug 949:952 drug 949:952 As a proof-of-concept, lactose (Lac) and doxorubicin (DOX) were chosen as the targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug, respectively. 27040815 8 42 theme side 1263:1266 arg1 effects 1268:1274 weak side effects 1258:1274 weak side effects 1258:1274 Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that Lac-DOX nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and weak side effects. 27040815 0 43 theme targeting 52:60 arg1 conjugate 87:95 amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate 40:95 amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy 40:123 A small molecule nanodrug consisting of amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy. 27040815 0 44 theme cancer 110:115 arg1 therapy 117:123 targeted cancer therapy 101:123 targeted cancer therapy 101:123 A small molecule nanodrug consisting of amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy. 27040815 4 45 theme nanodrug 498:505 arg1 system 521:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system 465:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug 465:579 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 2 46 theme delivery 242:249 arg1 system 251:256 the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system 211:256 the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system 211:256 However, the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system suffers from batch-to-batch variation, quality concerns and carrier-related toxicity issues. 27040815 7 47 theme Lac-DOX 1078:1084 arg1 conjugate 1086:1094 Lac-DOX conjugate 1078:1094 Lac-DOX conjugate 1078:1094 For its intrinsic amphiphilic property, Lac-DOX conjugate could self-assemble into nanoparticles in water. 27040815 1 48 theme Targeted 126:133 arg1 delivery 140:147 Targeted drug delivery 126:147 Targeted drug delivery 126:147 Targeted drug delivery is a broadly applicable approach for cancer therapy. 27040815 1 48 theme Targeted 126:133 arg1 approach 173:180 a broadly applicable approach 152:180 a broadly applicable approach for cancer therapy 152:199 Targeted drug delivery is a broadly applicable approach for cancer therapy. 27040815 0 49 theme amphiphilic 40:50 arg1 conjugate 87:95 amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate 40:95 amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy 40:123 A small molecule nanodrug consisting of amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy. 27040815 9 50 theme great 1336:1340 arg1 potential 1342:1350 great potential 1336:1350 great potential in cancer therapy 1336:1368 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system shows great potential in cancer therapy. 27040815 8 51 theme in 1163:1164 arg1 assays 1171:1176 Both in vitro and in vivo assays 1145:1176 Both in vitro and in vivo assays 1145:1176 Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that Lac-DOX nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and weak side effects. 27040815 2 52 theme nanocarrier-based 215:231 arg1 system 251:256 the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system 211:256 the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system 211:256 However, the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system suffers from batch-to-batch variation, quality concerns and carrier-related toxicity issues. 27040815 2 53 theme targeted 233:240 arg1 system 251:256 the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system 211:256 the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system 211:256 However, the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system suffers from batch-to-batch variation, quality concerns and carrier-related toxicity issues. 27040815 7 54 theme amphiphilic 1056:1066 arg1 property 1068:1075 its intrinsic amphiphilic property 1042:1075 its intrinsic amphiphilic property 1042:1075 For its intrinsic amphiphilic property, Lac-DOX conjugate could self-assemble into nanoparticles in water. 27040815 1 55 theme drug 135:138 arg1 delivery 140:147 Targeted drug delivery 126:147 Targeted drug delivery 126:147 Targeted drug delivery is a broadly applicable approach for cancer therapy. 27040815 1 55 theme drug 135:138 arg1 approach 173:180 a broadly applicable approach 152:180 a broadly applicable approach for cancer therapy 152:199 Targeted drug delivery is a broadly applicable approach for cancer therapy. 27040815 4 56 dep ligand 552:557 arg1 drug 576:579 drug 576:579 drug 576:579 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 8 57 theme anticancer 1234:1243 arg1 activity 1245:1252 enhanced anticancer activity 1225:1252 enhanced anticancer activity 1225:1252 Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that Lac-DOX nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and weak side effects. 27040815 4 58 theme targeting 473:481 arg1 system 521:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system 465:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug 465:579 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 4 59 theme well-defined 752:763 arg1 structure 765:773 well-defined structure 752:773 well-defined structure 752:773 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 0 60 theme drug 82:85 arg1 conjugate 87:95 amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate 40:95 amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy 40:123 A small molecule nanodrug consisting of amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy. 27040815 4 61 theme novel 467:471 arg1 system 521:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system 465:526 a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug 465:579 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 2 62 theme batch-to-batch 271:284 arg1 variation 286:294 batch-to-batch variation 271:294 batch-to-batch variation 271:294 However, the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system suffers from batch-to-batch variation, quality concerns and carrier-related toxicity issues. 27040815 7 63 theme intrinsic 1046:1054 arg1 property 1068:1075 its intrinsic amphiphilic property 1042:1075 its intrinsic amphiphilic property 1042:1075 For its intrinsic amphiphilic property, Lac-DOX conjugate could self-assemble into nanoparticles in water. 27040815 4 64 theme blood 724:728 arg1 time 742:745 long blood circulation time 719:745 long blood circulation time 719:745 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 4 65 theme excellent 687:695 arg1 ability 707:713 excellent targeting ability 687:713 excellent targeting ability 687:713 Here, a novel targeting small molecule nanodrug self-delivery system consisting of targeting ligand and chemotherapy drug was constructed, which combined the advantages of small molecules and nano-assemblies together and showed excellent targeting ability and long blood circulation time with well-defined structure, high drug loading ratio and on-demand drug release behavior. 27040815 0 66 theme ligand-chemotherapy 62:80 arg1 conjugate 87:95 amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate 40:95 amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy 40:123 A small molecule nanodrug consisting of amphiphilic targeting ligand-chemotherapy drug conjugate for targeted cancer therapy. 27040815 9 67 theme nanodrug 1305:1312 arg1 system 1323:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system 1277:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system 1277:1328 This novel active targeting nanodrug delivery system shows great potential in cancer therapy. 27040815 8 68 dep in 1163:1164 arg1 vivo 1166:1169 vivo 1166:1169 vivo 1166:1169 Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that Lac-DOX nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and weak side effects. 27040815 2 69 dep quality 297:303 arg1 concerns 305:312 concerns 305:312 concerns 305:312 However, the nanocarrier-based targeted delivery system suffers from batch-to-batch variation, quality concerns and carrier-related toxicity issues. 27040815 8 70 theme enhanced 1225:1232 arg1 activity 1245:1252 enhanced anticancer activity 1225:1252 enhanced anticancer activity 1225:1252 Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that Lac-DOX nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and weak side effects. 27470940 13 0 theme type 1724:1727 arg1 species 1729:1735 the type species 1720:1735 the type species 1720:1735 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 10 1 theme 16S 1279:1281 arg1 nucleotides 1298:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 4 2 theme acid 561:564 arg1 residues 566:573 The muramic acid residues 549:573 The muramic acid residues in the peptidoglycan 549:594 The muramic acid residues in the peptidoglycan were N-acetylated. 27470940 4 2 theme acid 561:564 arg1 N-acetylated 601:612 N-acetylated 601:612 N-acetylated 601:612 The muramic acid residues in the peptidoglycan were N-acetylated. 27470940 3 3 theme diagnostic 481:490 arg1 arabinose 468:476 arabinose 468:476 arabinose 468:476 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 3 3 theme diagnostic 481:490 arg1 sugars 492:497 diagnostic sugars 481:497 diagnostic sugars 481:497 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 3 3 theme diagnostic 481:490 arg1 galactose 454:462 galactose 454:462 galactose 454:462 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 10 4 theme Signature 1155:1163 arg1 nucleotides 1165:1175 Signature nucleotides 1155:1175 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1155:1205 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 8 5 theme mol 928:930 arg1 content 911:917 The genomic DNA G+C content 891:917 The genomic DNA G+C content 891:917 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.2 mol%. 27470940 8 5 theme mol 928:930 arg1 % 931:931 73.2 mol% 923:931 73.2 mol% 923:931 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.2 mol%. 27470940 11 6 theme genus 1530:1534 arg1 species 1513:1519 a novel species 1505:1519 a novel species 1505:1519 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 11 7 dep name 1584:1587 arg1 nov. 1622:1625 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1589:1625 the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1580:1625 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 11 8 theme phylogenetic 1391:1402 arg1 analysis 1404:1411 phylogenetic analysis 1391:1411 phylogenetic analysis 1391:1411 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 9 9 theme Phylogenetic 934:945 arg1 analysis 947:954 Phylogenetic analysis 934:954 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 934:987 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204279T should be placed in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola. 27470940 11 10 theme new 1526:1528 arg1 genus 1530:1534 a new genus 1524:1534 a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1524:1567 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 2 11 theme rhizosphere 258:268 arg1 sample 275:280 a rhizosphere soil sample 256:280 a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China 256:349 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 11 12 theme strain 1474:1479 arg1 204279T 1486:1492 strain CPCC 204279T 1474:1492 strain CPCC 204279T 1474:1492 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 9 13 theme gene 974:977 arg1 sequences 979:987 16S rRNA gene sequences 965:987 16S rRNA gene sequences 965:987 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204279T should be placed in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola. 27470940 11 14 dep sp 1628:1629 arg1 name 1584:1587 the name 1580:1587 the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1580:1625 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 9 15 theme rRNA 969:972 arg1 sequences 979:987 16S rRNA gene sequences 965:987 16S rRNA gene sequences 965:987 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204279T should be placed in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola. 27470940 9 16 theme 16S 965:967 arg1 sequences 979:987 16S rRNA gene sequences 965:987 16S rRNA gene sequences 965:987 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204279T should be placed in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola. 27470940 1 17 attach isolated 91:98 arg1 soil 117:120 rhizosphere soil 105:120 rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard) 105:158 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 1 17 attach isolated 91:98 arg2 Pseudonocardiaceae 72:89 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 61:89 the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard) 61:158 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 1 18 theme rhizosphere 105:115 arg1 soil 117:120 rhizosphere soil 105:120 rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard) 105:158 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 2 19 attach isolated 242:249 arg1 sample 275:280 a rhizosphere soil sample 256:280 a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China 256:349 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 2 19 attach isolated 242:249 arg2 actinobacterium 190:204 an actinobacterium 187:204 an actinobacterium 187:204 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 10 20 theme 16S 1184:1186 arg1 rRNA 1188:1191 the 16S rRNA 1180:1191 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1180:1205 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 9 21 theme family 1047:1052 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 1054:1071 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1043:1071 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1043:1071 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204279T should be placed in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola. 27470940 3 22 theme CPCC 431:434 arg1 204279T 436:442 strain CPCC 204279T 424:442 strain CPCC 204279T 424:442 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 11 23 theme novel 1507:1511 arg1 species 1513:1519 a novel species 1505:1519 a novel species 1505:1519 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 2 24 theme CPCC 218:221 arg1 204279T 223:229 CPCC 204279T 218:229 CPCC 204279T 218:229 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 1 25 theme herb 129:132 arg1 Girard 152:157 Girard 152:157 Girard 152:157 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 1 25 theme herb 129:132 arg1 sinense 143:149 the herb Limonium sinense 125:149 the herb Limonium sinense (Girard) 125:158 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 9 26 theme strain 1003:1008 arg1 204279T 1015:1021 strain CPCC 204279T 1003:1021 strain CPCC 204279T 1003:1021 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204279T should be placed in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola. 27470940 10 27 contain contained 1230:1238 arg2 pattern 1363:1369 a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern 1314:1369 a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern 1314:1369 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 10 27 contain contained 1230:1238 arg1 strain 1223:1228 the strain 1219:1228 the strain 1219:1228 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 10 27 contain contained 1230:1238 arg2 nucleotides 1298:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 1 28 theme sinense 143:149 arg1 soil 117:120 rhizosphere soil 105:120 rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard) 105:158 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 10 29 theme gene 1193:1196 arg1 sequence 1198:1205 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1180:1205 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1180:1205 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 4 30 from residues 566:573 arg1 peptidoglycan 582:594 the peptidoglycan 578:594 the peptidoglycan 578:594 The muramic acid residues in the peptidoglycan were N-acetylated. 27470940 3 31 contain contained 444:452 arg2 acid 543:546 the diamino acid 531:546 the diamino acid 531:546 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 3 31 contain contained 444:452 arg1 hydrolysates 408:419 Whole-cell hydrolysates 397:419 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T 397:442 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 3 31 contain contained 444:452 arg2 arabinose 468:476 arabinose 468:476 arabinose 468:476 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 3 31 contain contained 444:452 arg2 sugars 492:497 diagnostic sugars 481:497 diagnostic sugars 481:497 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 3 31 contain contained 444:452 arg2 galactose 454:462 galactose 454:462 galactose 454:462 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 3 32 theme Whole-cell 397:406 arg1 hydrolysates 408:419 Whole-cell hydrolysates 397:419 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T 397:442 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 13 33 theme 111774T=DSM 1677:1687 arg1 101727T 1689:1695 =NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T 1671:1695 =NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T 1671:1695 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 13 33 theme 111774T=DSM 1677:1687 arg1 204279T 1662:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T 1650:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) 1650:1696 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 11 34 theme characteristics 1428:1442 arg1 combination 1376:1386 The combination 1372:1386 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics 1372:1442 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 0 35 theme Herbihabitans 0:12 arg1 nov. 33:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 1 36 theme family 65:70 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 72:89 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 61:89 the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard) 61:158 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 11 37 theme CPCC 1481:1484 arg1 204279T 1486:1492 strain CPCC 204279T 1474:1492 strain CPCC 204279T 1474:1492 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 2 38 theme polyphasic 376:385 arg1 approach 387:394 a polyphasic approach 374:394 a polyphasic approach 374:394 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 0 39 theme gen. 28:31 arg1 nov. 33:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 13 40 theme CPCC 1657:1660 arg1 strain 1710:1715 the type strain 1701:1715 the type strain of the type species 1701:1735 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 13 40 theme CPCC 1657:1660 arg1 101727T 1689:1695 =NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T 1671:1695 =NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T 1671:1695 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 13 40 theme CPCC 1657:1660 arg1 204279T 1662:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T 1650:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) 1650:1696 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 10 41 theme Pseudonocardiaceae 1244:1261 arg1 nucleotides 1298:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 11 42 theme rhizosphaerae 1603:1615 arg1 nov. 1622:1625 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1589:1625 the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1580:1625 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 2 43 theme sinense 303:309 arg1 sample 275:280 a rhizosphere soil sample 256:280 a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China 256:349 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 7 44 theme major 800:804 arg1 acids 812:816 The major fatty acids 796:816 The major fatty acids 796:816 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 7 44 theme major 800:804 arg1  0 832:833  0 832:833  0 832:833 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 7 44 theme major 800:804 arg1 iso-C16  823:830 iso-C16  823:830 iso-C16  823:830 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 8 45 theme DNA 903:905 arg1 content 911:917 The genomic DNA G+C content 891:917 The genomic DNA G+C content 891:917 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.2 mol%. 27470940 8 45 theme DNA 903:905 arg1 % 931:931 73.2 mol% 923:931 73.2 mol% 923:931 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.2 mol%. 27470940 6 46 theme phosphatidylinositol 763:782 arg1 mannosides 784:793 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 763:793 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 763:793 The phospholipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27470940 2 47 theme herb 289:292 arg1 sinense 303:309 the herb Limonium sinense 285:309 the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China 285:349 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 9 48 theme distinct 1103:1110 arg1 lineage 1112:1118 a distinct lineage 1101:1118 a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola 1101:1152 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204279T should be placed in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola. 27470940 10 49 theme nucleotide 1342:1351 arg1 pattern 1363:1369 a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern 1314:1369 a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern 1314:1369 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 7 50 dep iso-C16  823:830 arg1 acids 812:816 The major fatty acids 796:816 The major fatty acids 796:816 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 7 50 dep iso-C16  823:830 arg1  0 832:833  0 832:833  0 832:833 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 7 50 dep iso-C16  823:830 arg1 iso-C16  823:830 iso-C16  823:830 iso-C16  823:830 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 10 51 theme genus-specific 1316:1329 arg1 pattern 1363:1369 a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern 1314:1369 a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern 1314:1369 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 7 52 dep  0 832:833 arg1 C16  882:885 C16  882:885 C16  882:885 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 7 52 dep  0 832:833 arg1  1 875:876  1 875:876  1 875:876 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 7 52 dep  0 832:833 arg1 C16  854:857 C16  854:857 C16  854:857 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 7 52 dep  0 832:833 arg1  0 887:888  0 887:888  0 887:888 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 7 52 dep  0 832:833 arg1  1ω9c 859:863  1ω9c 859:863  1ω9c 859:863 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 4 53 theme muramic 553:559 arg1 residues 566:573 The muramic acid residues 549:573 The muramic acid residues in the peptidoglycan 549:594 The muramic acid residues in the peptidoglycan were N-acetylated. 27470940 4 53 theme muramic 553:559 arg1 N-acetylated 601:612 N-acetylated 601:612 N-acetylated 601:612 The muramic acid residues in the peptidoglycan were N-acetylated. 27470940 11 54 theme analysis 1404:1411 arg1 combination 1376:1386 The combination 1372:1386 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics 1372:1442 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 11 55 theme family 1543:1548 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 1550:1567 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1539:1567 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1539:1567 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 9 56 theme genus 1132:1136 arg1 Actinophytocola 1138:1152 the genus Actinophytocola 1128:1152 the genus Actinophytocola 1128:1152 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204279T should be placed in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola. 27470940 3 57 theme meso-diaminopimelic 503:521 arg1 acid 523:526 meso-diaminopimelic acid 503:526 meso-diaminopimelic acid 503:526 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 13 58 theme species 1729:1735 arg1 strain 1710:1715 the type strain 1701:1715 the type strain of the type species 1701:1735 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 13 58 theme species 1729:1735 arg1 204279T 1662:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T 1650:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) 1650:1696 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 5 59 theme predominant 619:629 arg1 MK-9 647:650 MK-9 647:650 MK-9(H4) 647:654 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 27470940 5 59 theme predominant 619:629 arg1 menaquinone 631:641 The predominant menaquinone 615:641 The predominant menaquinone 615:641 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 27470940 3 60 theme diamino 535:541 arg1 acid 543:546 the diamino acid 531:546 the diamino acid 531:546 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 3 60 theme diamino 535:541 arg1 arabinose 468:476 arabinose 468:476 arabinose 468:476 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 3 60 theme diamino 535:541 arg1 galactose 454:462 galactose 454:462 galactose 454:462 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 2 61 theme actinobacterium 190:204 arg1 position 175:182 The taxonomic position 161:182 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, 161:350 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 11 62 from Pseudonocardiaceae 1550:1567 arg1 species 1513:1519 a novel species 1505:1519 a novel species 1505:1519 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 10 63 theme rRNA 1188:1191 arg1 sequence 1198:1205 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1180:1205 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1180:1205 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 10 64 from nucleotides 1165:1175 arg1 sequence 1198:1205 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1180:1205 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1180:1205 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 2 65 theme soil 270:273 arg1 sample 275:280 a rhizosphere soil sample 256:280 a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China 256:349 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 10 66 theme signature 1288:1296 arg1 nucleotides 1298:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 11 67 from genus 1530:1534 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 1550:1567 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1539:1567 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1539:1567 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 1 68 theme Limonium 134:141 arg1 Girard 152:157 Girard 152:157 Girard 152:157 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 1 68 theme Limonium 134:141 arg1 sinense 143:149 the herb Limonium sinense 125:149 the herb Limonium sinense (Girard) 125:158 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 9 69 theme CPCC 1010:1013 arg1 204279T 1015:1021 strain CPCC 204279T 1003:1021 strain CPCC 204279T 1003:1021 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204279T should be placed in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola. 27470940 11 70 from species 1513:1519 arg1 Pseudonocardiaceae 1550:1567 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1539:1567 the family Pseudonocardiaceae 1539:1567 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 13 71 theme type 1705:1708 arg1 strain 1710:1715 the type strain 1701:1715 the type strain of the type species 1701:1735 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 13 71 theme type 1705:1708 arg1 204279T 1662:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T 1650:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) 1650:1696 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 13 72 theme =NBRC 1671:1675 arg1 101727T 1689:1695 =NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T 1671:1695 =NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T 1671:1695 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 13 72 theme =NBRC 1671:1675 arg1 204279T 1662:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T 1650:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) 1650:1696 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 11 73 theme phenotypic 1417:1426 arg1 characteristics 1428:1442 phenotypic characteristics 1417:1442 phenotypic characteristics 1417:1442 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 0 74 theme rhizosphaerae 14:26 arg1 nov. 33:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 10 75 theme rRNA 1283:1286 arg1 nucleotides 1298:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 1 76 theme Pseudonocardiaceae 72:89 arg1 member 51:56 a member 49:56 a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard) 49:158 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 1 76 theme Pseudonocardiaceae 72:89 arg1 nov. 43:46 nov. 43:46 nov. 43:46 nov., a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil of the herb Limonium sinense (Girard). 27470940 13 77 theme Strain 1650:1655 arg1 strain 1710:1715 the type strain 1701:1715 the type strain of the type species 1701:1735 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 13 77 theme Strain 1650:1655 arg1 101727T 1689:1695 =NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T 1671:1695 =NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T 1671:1695 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 13 77 theme Strain 1650:1655 arg1 204279T 1662:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T 1650:1668 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) 1650:1696 Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species. 27470940 10 78 theme family-specific 1263:1277 arg1 nucleotides 1298:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides 1240:1308 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 3 79 theme 204279T 436:442 arg1 hydrolysates 408:419 Whole-cell hydrolysates 397:419 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T 397:442 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 11 80 theme Herbihabitans 1589:1601 arg1 nov. 1622:1625 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1589:1625 the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1580:1625 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 3 81 theme strain 424:429 arg1 204279T 436:442 strain CPCC 204279T 424:442 strain CPCC 204279T 424:442 Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 27470940 0 82 dep sp 39:40 arg1 nov. 33:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:36 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 2 83 theme Limonium 294:301 arg1 sinense 303:309 the herb Limonium sinense 285:309 the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China 285:349 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 7 84 theme fatty 806:810 arg1 acids 812:816 The major fatty acids 796:816 The major fatty acids 796:816 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 7 84 theme fatty 806:810 arg1  0 832:833  0 832:833  0 832:833 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 7 84 theme fatty 806:810 arg1 iso-C16  823:830 iso-C16  823:830 iso-C16  823:830 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. 27470940 8 85 theme genomic 895:901 arg1 content 911:917 The genomic DNA G+C content 891:917 The genomic DNA G+C content 891:917 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.2 mol%. 27470940 8 85 theme genomic 895:901 arg1 % 931:931 73.2 mol% 923:931 73.2 mol% 923:931 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.2 mol%. 27470940 11 86 theme gen. 1617:1620 arg1 nov. 1622:1625 Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1589:1625 the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1580:1625 The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 27470940 2 87 theme taxonomic 165:173 arg1 position 175:182 The taxonomic position 161:182 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, 161:350 The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. 27470940 10 88 theme signature 1353:1361 arg1 pattern 1363:1369 a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern 1314:1369 a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern 1314:1369 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27470940 8 89 theme G+C 907:909 arg1 content 911:917 The genomic DNA G+C content 891:917 The genomic DNA G+C content 891:917 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.2 mol%. 27470940 8 89 theme G+C 907:909 arg1 % 931:931 73.2 mol% 923:931 73.2 mol% 923:931 The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.2 mol%. 27470940 10 90 theme diagnostic 1331:1340 arg1 pattern 1363:1369 a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern 1314:1369 a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern 1314:1369 Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. 27328984 7 0 dep range 1210:1214 arg1 Fructose 1226:1233 12-24 °C. Fructose 1216:1233 12-24 °C. Fructose 1216:1233 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 7 1 theme sugars 1127:1132 arg1 concentrations 1099:1112 the concentrations 1095:1112 the concentrations of all major sugars 1095:1132 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 7 1 theme sugars 1127:1132 arg1 concentrations 1025:1038 The concentrations 1021:1038 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) 1021:1081 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 9 2 theme AA/DHAA 1424:1430 arg1 ratio 1432:1436 The AA/DHAA ratio 1420:1436 The AA/DHAA ratio 1420:1436 The AA/DHAA ratio varied from 5.6 to 10.3 among the studied cultivars. 27328984 5 3 dep RESULTS 815:821 arg1 analyses 827:834 The analyses 823:834 RESULTS The analyses 815:834 RESULTS The analyses revealed significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds. 27328984 10 4 theme black 1567:1571 arg1 berries 1581:1587 black currant berries 1567:1587 black currant berries 1567:1587 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 6 5 theme large 921:925 arg1 differences 936:946 Particularly large cultivar differences 908:946 Particularly large cultivar differences 908:946 Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. 27328984 3 6 theme climatic 529:536 arg1 factors 538:544 the various climatic factors 517:544 the various climatic factors 517:544 This can be better achieved in a phytotron where the various climatic factors can be varied systematically. 27328984 1 7 theme BACKGROUND 152:161 arg1 effects 170:176 BACKGROUND Marked effects 152:176 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition 152:234 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. 27328984 4 8 theme controlled 667:676 arg1 conditions 721:730 controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions 667:730 controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions 667:730 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 12 9 contain had 1792:1794 arg2 effect 1811:1816 no significant effect 1796:1816 no significant effect 1796:1816 By contrast, photoperiod had no significant effect on berry content of any of the investigated compounds. 27328984 12 9 contain had 1792:1794 arg1 photoperiod 1780:1790 photoperiod 1780:1790 photoperiod 1780:1790 By contrast, photoperiod had no significant effect on berry content of any of the investigated compounds. 27328984 2 10 theme complex 296:302 arg1 covariations 304:315 complex covariations 296:315 complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment 296:370 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 11 11 from concentrations 1751:1764 arg1 present 1725:1731 present 1725:1731 present 1725:1731 Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. 27328984 4 12 theme contrasting 627:637 arg1 origin 639:644 contrasting origin 627:644 contrasting origin 627:644 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 14 13 theme Chemical 2161:2168 arg1 Industry 2170:2177 Chemical Industry 2161:2177 Chemical Industry 2161:2177 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. 27328984 6 14 theme acid 998:1001 arg1 concentrations 969:982 the concentrations 965:982 the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose 965:1018 Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. 27328984 5 15 theme genotype 868:875 arg1 effects 857:863 significant effects 845:863 significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds 845:905 RESULTS The analyses revealed significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds. 27328984 13 16 contain has 2098:2100 arg1 photoperiod 2086:2096 photoperiod 2086:2096 photoperiod 2086:2096 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 13 16 contain has 2098:2100 arg2 effect 2110:2115 no such effect 2102:2115 no such effect 2102:2115 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 7 17 theme dehydroascorbic 1055:1069 arg1 acid 1071:1074 dehydroascorbic acid 1055:1074 dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) 1055:1081 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 7 17 theme dehydroascorbic 1055:1069 arg1 DHAA 1077:1080 DHAA 1077:1080 DHAA 1077:1080 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 4 18 theme temperature 693:703 arg1 conditions 721:730 controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions 667:730 controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions 667:730 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 1 19 from effects 170:176 arg1 composition 224:234 fruit chemical composition 209:234 fruit chemical composition 209:234 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. 27328984 0 20 theme black 44:48 arg1 currant 50:56 black currant 44:56 black currant 44:56 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 0 21 theme post-flowering 124:137 arg1 temperature 139:149 post-flowering temperature 124:149 post-flowering temperature 124:149 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 4 22 theme photoperiod 709:719 arg1 conditions 721:730 controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions 667:730 controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions 667:730 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 2 23 from covariations 304:315 arg1 environment 360:370 the natural environment 348:370 the natural environment 348:370 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 7 24 theme 12-24 °C. 1216:1224 arg1 Fructose 1226:1233 12-24 °C. Fructose 1216:1233 12-24 °C. Fructose 1216:1233 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 7 25 theme temperature 1198:1208 arg1 range 1210:1214 the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose 1194:1245 range 1210:1214 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 13 26 theme currant 2061:2067 arg1 berries 2069:2075 black currant berries 2055:2075 black currant berries 2055:2075 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 11 27 theme low 1747:1749 arg1 concentrations 1751:1764 relatively low concentrations 1736:1764 relatively low concentrations 1736:1764 Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. 27328984 2 28 theme causal 452:457 arg1 factors 459:465 the causal factors 448:465 the causal factors 448:465 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 8 29 theme ascorbate 1379:1387 arg1 pool 1389:1392 the total ascorbate pool 1369:1392 the total ascorbate pool 1369:1392 AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. 27328984 0 30 theme Ascorbate 0:8 arg1 sugars 16:21 sugars 16:21 sugars 16:21 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 0 30 theme Ascorbate 0:8 arg1 acids 35:39 organic acids 27:39 organic acids 27:39 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 0 30 theme Ascorbate 0:8 arg1 pool 10:13 Ascorbate pool 0:13 Ascorbate pool 0:13 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 4 31 theme ascorbic 767:774 arg1 acid 776:779 their ascorbic acid 761:779 their ascorbic acid 761:779 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 10 32 theme malic 1676:1680 arg1 acid 1695:1698 malic and shikimic acid 1676:1698 malic and shikimic acid 1676:1698 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 7 33 theme increasing 1166:1175 arg1 sugars 1268:1273 the predominant sugars 1252:1273 the predominant sugars 1252:1273 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 7 33 theme increasing 1166:1175 arg1 temperature 1177:1187 an increasing temperature 1163:1187 an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose 1163:1245 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 8 34 theme currant 1403:1409 arg1 berries 1411:1417 black currant berries 1397:1417 black currant berries 1397:1417 AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. 27328984 2 35 theme experiments 410:420 arg1 interpretation 387:400 the interpretation 383:400 the interpretation of such experiments 383:420 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 2 35 theme experiments 410:420 arg1 identification 430:443 the identification 426:443 the identification of the causal factors 426:465 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 2 36 theme factors 337:343 arg1 covariations 304:315 complex covariations 296:315 complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment 296:370 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 12 37 theme berry 1821:1825 arg1 content 1827:1833 berry content 1821:1833 berry content of any of the investigated compounds 1821:1870 By contrast, photoperiod had no significant effect on berry content of any of the investigated compounds. 27328984 7 38 theme higher 1308:1313 arg1 concentrations 1280:1293 concentrations 1280:1293 concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose 1280:1335 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 13 39 contain has 1936:1938 arg2 effects 1947:1953 marked effects 1940:1953 marked effects 1940:1953 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 13 39 contain has 1936:1938 arg1 temperature 1924:1934 the post-flowering temperature 1905:1934 the post-flowering temperature 1905:1934 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 10 40 theme acid 1519:1522 arg1 concentration 1495:1507 The concentration 1491:1507 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, 1491:1588 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 4 41 theme acid 800:803 arg1 contents 805:812 organic acid contents 792:812 organic acid contents 792:812 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 8 42 theme black 1397:1401 arg1 berries 1411:1417 black currant berries 1397:1417 black currant berries 1397:1417 AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. 27328984 10 43 theme shikimic 1686:1693 arg1 acid 1695:1698 malic and shikimic acid 1676:1698 malic and shikimic acid 1676:1698 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 12 44 theme any 1838:1840 arg1 content 1827:1833 berry content 1821:1833 berry content of any of the investigated compounds 1821:1870 By contrast, photoperiod had no significant effect on berry content of any of the investigated compounds. 27328984 7 45 theme several 1295:1301 arg1 fold 1303:1306 several fold 1295:1306 several fold 1295:1306 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 10 46 theme organic 1551:1557 arg1 acid 1519:1522 citric acid 1512:1522 citric acid 1512:1522 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 10 46 theme organic 1551:1557 arg1 acid 1559:1562 the predominant organic acid 1535:1562 the predominant organic acid in black currant berries 1535:1587 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 13 47 theme compounds 1998:2006 arg1 concentration 1962:1974 the concentration 1958:1974 the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries 1958:2075 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 1 48 theme chemical 215:222 arg1 composition 224:234 fruit chemical composition 209:234 fruit chemical composition 209:234 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. 27328984 4 49 theme currant 606:612 arg1 cultivars 614:622 four black currant cultivars 595:622 four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron 595:659 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 7 50 theme major 1121:1125 arg1 sugars 1127:1132 all major sugars 1117:1132 all major sugars 1117:1132 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 11 51 located present 1725:1731 arg2 acid 1709:1712 Quninic acid 1701:1712 Quninic acid 1701:1712 Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. 27328984 11 51 located present 1725:1731 arg1 concentrations 1751:1764 relatively low concentrations 1736:1764 relatively low concentrations 1736:1764 Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. 27328984 7 52 theme predominant 1256:1266 arg1 sugars 1268:1273 the predominant sugars 1252:1273 the predominant sugars 1252:1273 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 7 52 theme predominant 1256:1266 arg1 temperature 1177:1187 an increasing temperature 1163:1187 an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose 1163:1245 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 10 53 theme currant 1573:1579 arg1 berries 1581:1587 black currant berries 1567:1587 black currant berries 1567:1587 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 7 54 with sugars 1268:1273 arg1 concentrations 1280:1293 concentrations 1280:1293 concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose 1280:1335 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 6 55 theme cultivar 927:934 arg1 differences 936:946 Particularly large cultivar differences 908:946 Particularly large cultivar differences 908:946 Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. 27328984 2 56 from factors 337:343 arg1 environment 360:370 the natural environment 348:370 the natural environment 348:370 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 13 57 theme important 1979:1987 arg1 compounds 1998:2006 important chemical compounds 1979:2006 important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries 1979:2075 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 3 58 theme various 521:527 arg1 factors 538:544 the various climatic factors 517:544 the various climatic factors 517:544 This can be better achieved in a phytotron where the various climatic factors can be varied systematically. 27328984 5 59 theme investigated 884:895 arg1 compounds 897:905 all investigated compounds 880:905 all investigated compounds 880:905 RESULTS The analyses revealed significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds. 27328984 13 60 theme marked 1940:1945 arg1 effects 1947:1953 marked effects 1940:1953 marked effects 1940:1953 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 1 61 theme Marked 163:168 arg1 effects 170:176 BACKGROUND Marked effects 152:176 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition 152:234 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. 27328984 2 62 from environment 360:370 arg1 covariations 304:315 complex covariations 296:315 complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment 296:370 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 13 63 dep CONCLUSION 1873:1882 arg1 concluded 1890:1898 concluded 1890:1898 is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars 1887:2140 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 5 64 theme significant 845:855 arg1 effects 857:863 significant effects 845:863 significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds 845:905 RESULTS The analyses revealed significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds. 27328984 13 65 theme studied 2124:2130 arg1 cultivars 2132:2140 the studied cultivars 2120:2140 the studied cultivars 2120:2140 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 1 66 theme climatic 185:192 arg1 environment 194:204 the climatic environment 181:204 the climatic environment 181:204 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. 27328984 6 67 theme l-ascorbic 987:996 arg1 AA 1004:1005 AA 1004:1005 AA 1004:1005 Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. 27328984 6 67 theme l-ascorbic 987:996 arg1 acid 998:1001 l-ascorbic acid 987:1001 l-ascorbic acid (AA) 987:1006 Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. 27328984 4 68 theme origin 639:644 arg1 cultivars 614:622 four black currant cultivars 595:622 four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron 595:659 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 10 69 theme increasing 1608:1617 arg1 temperature 1619:1629 an increasing temperature 1605:1629 an increasing temperature 1605:1629 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 7 70 theme acid 1071:1074 arg1 concentrations 1099:1112 the concentrations 1095:1112 the concentrations of all major sugars 1095:1132 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 7 70 theme acid 1071:1074 arg1 concentrations 1025:1038 The concentrations 1021:1038 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) 1021:1081 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 7 71 theme AA 1048:1049 arg1 concentrations 1099:1112 the concentrations 1095:1112 the concentrations of all major sugars 1095:1132 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 7 71 theme AA 1048:1049 arg1 concentrations 1025:1038 The concentrations 1021:1038 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) 1021:1081 The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. 27328984 0 72 from berries 76:82 arg1 currant 50:56 black currant 44:56 black currant 44:56 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 13 73 theme such 2105:2108 arg1 effect 2110:2115 no such effect 2102:2115 no such effect 2102:2115 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 5 74 from effects 857:863 arg1 compounds 897:905 all investigated compounds 880:905 all investigated compounds 880:905 RESULTS The analyses revealed significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds. 27328984 13 75 theme post-flowering 1909:1922 arg1 temperature 1924:1934 the post-flowering temperature 1905:1934 the post-flowering temperature 1905:1934 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 2 76 theme several 320:326 arg1 factors 337:343 several climatic factors 320:343 several climatic factors in the natural environment 320:370 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 4 77 from cultivars 614:622 arg1 phytotron 651:659 a phytotron 649:659 a phytotron 649:659 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 6 78 located observed 953:960 arg1 concentrations 969:982 the concentrations 965:982 the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose 965:1018 Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. 27328984 6 78 located observed 953:960 arg2 differences 936:946 Particularly large cultivar differences 908:946 Particularly large cultivar differences 908:946 Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. 27328984 4 79 theme post-flowering 678:691 arg1 conditions 721:730 controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions 667:730 controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions 667:730 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 11 80 attach present 1725:1731 arg2 acid 1709:1712 Quninic acid 1701:1712 Quninic acid 1701:1712 Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. 27328984 11 80 attach present 1725:1731 arg1 concentrations 1751:1764 relatively low concentrations 1736:1764 relatively low concentrations 1736:1764 Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. 27328984 6 81 theme sucrose 1012:1018 arg1 concentrations 969:982 the concentrations 965:982 the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose 965:1018 Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. 27328984 8 82 theme main 1349:1352 arg1 AA 1338:1339 AA 1338:1339 AA 1338:1339 AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. 27328984 8 82 theme main 1349:1352 arg1 contributor 1354:1364 the main contributor 1345:1364 the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries 1345:1417 AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. 27328984 13 83 theme black 2055:2059 arg1 berries 2069:2075 black currant berries 2055:2075 black currant berries 2055:2075 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 10 84 theme opposite 1644:1651 arg1 trend 1653:1657 the opposite trend 1640:1657 the opposite trend 1640:1657 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 0 85 theme pool 10:13 arg1 Ribes 59:63 Ribes 59:63 Ribes 59:63 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 0 85 theme pool 10:13 arg1 berries 76:82 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries 0:82 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries 0:82 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 13 86 theme berries 2069:2075 arg1 taste 2024:2028 taste 2024:2028 taste 2024:2028 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 13 86 theme berries 2069:2075 arg1 value 2046:2050 nutritional value 2034:2050 nutritional value of black currant berries 2034:2075 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 0 87 dep Ribes 59:63 arg1 L. 72:73 Ribes nigrum L. 59:73 Ribes nigrum L. 59:73 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 8 88 theme total 1373:1377 arg1 pool 1389:1392 the total ascorbate pool 1369:1392 the total ascorbate pool 1369:1392 AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. 27328984 1 89 theme field 268:272 arg1 experiments 274:284 field experiments 268:284 field experiments 268:284 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. 27328984 12 90 theme investigated 1849:1860 arg1 compounds 1862:1870 the investigated compounds 1845:1870 the investigated compounds 1845:1870 By contrast, photoperiod had no significant effect on berry content of any of the investigated compounds. 27328984 0 91 theme organic 27:33 arg1 acids 35:39 organic acids 27:39 organic acids 27:39 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 0 91 theme organic 27:33 arg1 pool 10:13 Ascorbate pool 0:13 Ascorbate pool 0:13 Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. 27328984 9 92 theme studied 1472:1478 arg1 cultivars 1480:1488 the studied cultivars 1468:1488 the studied cultivars 1468:1488 The AA/DHAA ratio varied from 5.6 to 10.3 among the studied cultivars. 27328984 9 93 dep 10.3 1457:1460 arg1 to 1454:1455 to 1454:1455 to 1454:1455 The AA/DHAA ratio varied from 5.6 to 10.3 among the studied cultivars. 27328984 2 94 theme such 405:408 arg1 experiments 410:420 such experiments 405:420 such experiments 405:420 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 12 95 theme significant 1799:1809 arg1 effect 1811:1816 no significant effect 1796:1816 no significant effect 1796:1816 By contrast, photoperiod had no significant effect on berry content of any of the investigated compounds. 27328984 2 96 theme factors 459:465 arg1 interpretation 387:400 the interpretation 383:400 the interpretation of such experiments 383:420 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 2 96 theme factors 459:465 arg1 identification 430:443 the identification 426:443 the identification of the causal factors 426:465 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 13 97 theme nutritional 2034:2044 arg1 value 2046:2050 nutritional value 2034:2050 nutritional value of black currant berries 2034:2075 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 2 98 theme climatic 328:335 arg1 factors 337:343 several climatic factors 320:343 several climatic factors in the natural environment 320:370 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27328984 10 99 from acid 1559:1562 arg1 berries 1581:1587 black currant berries 1567:1587 black currant berries 1567:1587 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 4 100 theme black 600:604 arg1 cultivars 614:622 four black currant cultivars 595:622 four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron 595:659 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 10 101 theme citric 1512:1517 arg1 acid 1519:1522 citric acid 1512:1522 citric acid 1512:1522 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 10 101 theme citric 1512:1517 arg1 acid 1559:1562 the predominant organic acid 1535:1562 the predominant organic acid in black currant berries 1535:1587 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 11 102 theme Quninic 1701:1707 arg1 acid 1709:1712 Quninic acid 1701:1712 Quninic acid 1701:1712 Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. 27328984 4 103 theme organic 792:798 arg1 contents 805:812 organic acid contents 792:812 organic acid contents 792:812 Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. 27328984 13 104 theme chemical 1989:1996 arg1 compounds 1998:2006 important chemical compounds 1979:2006 important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries 1979:2075 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 8 105 from contributor 1354:1364 arg1 berries 1411:1417 black currant berries 1397:1417 black currant berries 1397:1417 AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. 27328984 1 106 theme fruit 209:213 arg1 composition 224:234 fruit chemical composition 209:234 fruit chemical composition 209:234 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. 27328984 1 107 theme environment 194:204 arg1 effects 170:176 BACKGROUND Marked effects 152:176 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition 152:234 BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. 27328984 10 108 theme predominant 1539:1549 arg1 acid 1519:1522 citric acid 1512:1522 citric acid 1512:1522 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 10 108 theme predominant 1539:1549 arg1 acid 1559:1562 the predominant organic acid 1535:1562 the predominant organic acid in black currant berries 1535:1587 The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. 27328984 13 109 theme responsible 2008:2018 arg1 compounds 1998:2006 important chemical compounds 1979:2006 important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries 1979:2075 CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. 27328984 2 110 theme natural 352:358 arg1 environment 360:370 the natural environment 348:370 the natural environment 348:370 However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. 27163526 4 0 theme pore 563:566 arg1 size 568:571 the pore size 559:571 the pore size 559:571 The porosity of the material was 54-70% and the pore size was in the range of 75-120μm depending on the blend composition. 27163526 6 1 theme day 770:772 arg1 range 746:750 the range 742:750 the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption 742:866 The water vapour transmission rate was in the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption. 27163526 2 2 theme blend 313:317 arg1 systems 319:325 blend systems 313:325 blend systems 313:325 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy. 27163526 6 3 theme moderate 840:847 arg1 absorption 857:866 moderate exudate absorption 840:866 moderate exudate absorption 840:866 The water vapour transmission rate was in the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption. 27163526 11 4 theme drug 1331:1334 arg1 wounds 1360:1365 drug loaded dressing treated wounds 1331:1365 drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring 1331:1387 Fast healing was observed in drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring, as compared to the other groups. 27163526 3 5 theme porous 497:502 arg1 structure 504:512 porous structure 497:512 porous structure 497:512 The scanning electron microscopy of the coated fabric revealed porous structure. 27163526 10 6 theme In 1146:1147 arg1 healing 1160:1166 In vivo wound healing 1146:1166 In vivo wound healing 1146:1166 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 6 7 theme 2000-3500g/m 755:766 arg1 day 770:772 2000-3500g/m(2)day 755:772 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption 755:866 The water vapour transmission rate was in the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption. 27163526 5 8 theme PVP 677:679 arg1 content 681:687 the PVP content 673:687 the PVP content 673:687 The air permeability diminished as the PVP content increased. 27163526 1 9 theme polyethylene 186:197 arg1 PEG 207:209 PEG 207:209 PEG 207:209 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 1 9 theme polyethylene 186:197 arg1 glycol 199:204 polyethylene glycol 186:204 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 186:210 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 12 10 theme scar 1485:1488 arg1 healing 1507:1513 scar preventive wound healing 1485:1513 scar preventive wound healing 1485:1513 These results suggest that drug loaded dressing could provide scar preventive wound healing. 27163526 12 11 theme wound 1501:1505 arg1 healing 1507:1513 scar preventive wound healing 1485:1513 scar preventive wound healing 1485:1513 These results suggest that drug loaded dressing could provide scar preventive wound healing. 27163526 10 12 theme healing 1160:1166 arg1 studies 1193:1199 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies 1146:1199 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies 1146:1199 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 12 13 theme loaded 1455:1460 arg1 dressing 1462:1469 drug loaded dressing 1450:1469 drug loaded dressing 1450:1469 These results suggest that drug loaded dressing could provide scar preventive wound healing. 27163526 11 14 with wounds 1360:1365 arg1 scarring 1380:1387 minimum scarring 1372:1387 minimum scarring 1372:1387 Fast healing was observed in drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring, as compared to the other groups. 27163526 10 15 from days 1238:1241 arg1 wounds 1266:1271 full-thickness skin wounds 1246:1271 full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats 1246:1299 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 0 16 theme wound 67:71 arg1 dressings 73:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 Development of antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings. 27163526 2 17 theme red 416:418 arg1 spectroscopy 420:431 attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy 381:431 attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy 381:431 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy. 27163526 8 18 theme drug 973:976 arg1 loading 1012:1018 the total loading 1002:1018 the total loading 1002:1018 The cumulative release of drug was found to be ∼80% of the total loading after ∼48h. 27163526 8 18 theme drug 973:976 arg1 % 997:997 ∼80% 994:997 ∼80% of the total loading 994:1018 The cumulative release of drug was found to be ∼80% of the total loading after ∼48h. 27163526 8 18 theme drug 973:976 arg1 release 962:968 The cumulative release 947:968 The cumulative release of drug 947:976 The cumulative release of drug was found to be ∼80% of the total loading after ∼48h. 27163526 1 19 from blend 162:166 arg1 fabric 257:262 fabric 257:262 fabric 257:262 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 1 19 from blend 162:166 arg1 drying 286:291 the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying 246:291 drying 286:291 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 10 20 theme tissue 1172:1177 arg1 compatibility 1179:1191 tissue compatibility 1172:1191 tissue compatibility 1172:1191 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 1 21 theme Antimicrobial 84:96 arg1 dressings 124:132 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings 84:132 dressings 124:132 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 9 22 dep loaded 1041:1046 arg1 drug 1036:1039 drug 1036:1039 drug 1036:1039 The drug loaded dressings showed good antimicrobial nature against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 27163526 11 23 theme dressing 1343:1350 arg1 wounds 1360:1365 drug loaded dressing treated wounds 1331:1365 drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring 1331:1387 Fast healing was observed in drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring, as compared to the other groups. 27163526 2 24 theme interaction 348:358 arg1 miscibility 298:308 The miscibility 294:308 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction 294:358 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy. 27163526 7 25 theme Tetracycline 869:880 arg1 drug 914:917 model drug 908:917 model drug within the hydrogel matrix 908:944 Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as model drug within the hydrogel matrix. 27163526 7 25 theme Tetracycline 869:880 arg1 hydrochloride 882:894 Tetracycline hydrochloride 869:894 Tetracycline hydrochloride 869:894 Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as model drug within the hydrogel matrix. 27163526 1 26 theme scar 102:105 arg1 dressings 124:132 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings 84:132 dressings 124:132 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 2 27 theme reflectance-infra 398:414 arg1 spectroscopy 420:431 attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy 381:431 attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy 381:431 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy. 27163526 0 28 theme antimicrobial 15:27 arg1 dressings 73:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 Development of antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings. 27163526 1 29 theme wound 118:122 arg1 dressings 124:132 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings 84:132 dressings 124:132 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 7 30 used used 900:903 arg2 drug 914:917 model drug 908:917 model drug within the hydrogel matrix 908:944 Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as model drug within the hydrogel matrix. 27163526 7 30 used used 900:903 arg2 hydrochloride 882:894 Tetracycline hydrochloride 869:894 Tetracycline hydrochloride 869:894 Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as model drug within the hydrogel matrix. 27163526 3 31 theme scanning 438:445 arg1 microscopy 456:465 The scanning electron microscopy 434:465 The scanning electron microscopy of the coated fabric 434:486 The scanning electron microscopy of the coated fabric revealed porous structure. 27163526 11 32 theme minimum 1372:1378 arg1 scarring 1380:1387 minimum scarring 1372:1387 minimum scarring 1372:1387 Fast healing was observed in drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring, as compared to the other groups. 27163526 2 33 theme attenuated 381:390 arg1 spectroscopy 420:431 attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy 381:431 attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy 381:431 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy. 27163526 0 34 theme scar 33:36 arg1 dressings 73:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 Development of antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings. 27163526 8 35 theme loading 1012:1018 arg1 loading 1012:1018 the total loading 1002:1018 the total loading 1002:1018 The cumulative release of drug was found to be ∼80% of the total loading after ∼48h. 27163526 8 35 theme loading 1012:1018 arg1 release 962:968 The cumulative release 947:968 The cumulative release of drug 947:976 The cumulative release of drug was found to be ∼80% of the total loading after ∼48h. 27163526 8 35 theme loading 1012:1018 arg1 % 997:997 ∼80% 994:997 ∼80% of the total loading 994:1018 The cumulative release of drug was found to be ∼80% of the total loading after ∼48h. 27163526 6 36 theme proper 796:801 arg1 material 803:810 proper material 796:810 proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption 796:866 The water vapour transmission rate was in the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption. 27163526 10 37 theme skin 1261:1264 arg1 wounds 1266:1271 full-thickness skin wounds 1246:1271 full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats 1246:1299 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 3 38 theme fabric 481:486 arg1 microscopy 456:465 The scanning electron microscopy 434:465 The scanning electron microscopy of the coated fabric 434:486 The scanning electron microscopy of the coated fabric revealed porous structure. 27163526 0 39 theme chitosan 49:56 arg1 dressings 73:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 Development of antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings. 27163526 1 40 theme freeze 279:284 arg1 drying 286:291 the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying 246:291 drying 286:291 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 10 41 dep In 1146:1147 arg1 vivo 1149:1152 vivo 1149:1152 vivo 1149:1152 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 9 42 theme negative 1127:1134 arg1 bacteria 1136:1143 both gram positive and gram negative bacteria 1099:1143 both gram positive and gram negative bacteria 1099:1143 The drug loaded dressings showed good antimicrobial nature against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 27163526 6 43 theme transmission 717:728 arg1 rate 730:733 The water vapour transmission rate 700:733 The water vapour transmission rate 700:733 The water vapour transmission rate was in the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption. 27163526 11 44 theme Fast 1302:1305 arg1 healing 1307:1313 Fast healing 1302:1313 Fast healing 1302:1313 Fast healing was observed in drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring, as compared to the other groups. 27163526 12 45 dep loaded 1455:1460 arg1 drug 1450:1453 drug 1450:1453 drug 1450:1453 These results suggest that drug loaded dressing could provide scar preventive wound healing. 27163526 10 46 theme male 1284:1287 arg1 rats 1296:1299 male Wistar rats 1284:1299 male Wistar rats 1284:1299 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 2 47 theme functional 331:340 arg1 interaction 348:358 functional group interaction 331:358 functional group interaction 331:358 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy. 27163526 2 48 theme systems 319:325 arg1 miscibility 298:308 The miscibility 294:308 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction 294:358 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy. 27163526 1 49 theme pyrolidone 226:235 arg1 blend 162:166 a blend 160:166 a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying 160:291 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 6 50 theme exudate 849:855 arg1 absorption 857:866 moderate exudate absorption 840:866 moderate exudate absorption 840:866 The water vapour transmission rate was in the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption. 27163526 6 51 with dressing 826:833 arg1 absorption 857:866 moderate exudate absorption 840:866 moderate exudate absorption 840:866 The water vapour transmission rate was in the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption. 27163526 9 52 theme positive 1109:1116 arg1 bacteria 1136:1143 both gram positive and gram negative bacteria 1099:1143 both gram positive and gram negative bacteria 1099:1143 The drug loaded dressings showed good antimicrobial nature against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 27163526 1 53 theme chitosan 171:178 arg1 blend 162:166 a blend 160:166 a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying 160:291 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 6 54 theme wound 820:824 arg1 dressing 826:833 the wound dressing 816:833 the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption 816:866 The water vapour transmission rate was in the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption. 27163526 8 55 theme cumulative 951:960 arg1 loading 1012:1018 the total loading 1002:1018 the total loading 1002:1018 The cumulative release of drug was found to be ∼80% of the total loading after ∼48h. 27163526 8 55 theme cumulative 951:960 arg1 % 997:997 ∼80% 994:997 ∼80% of the total loading 994:1018 The cumulative release of drug was found to be ∼80% of the total loading after ∼48h. 27163526 8 55 theme cumulative 951:960 arg1 release 962:968 The cumulative release 947:968 The cumulative release of drug 947:976 The cumulative release of drug was found to be ∼80% of the total loading after ∼48h. 27163526 4 56 theme blend 619:623 arg1 composition 625:635 the blend composition 615:635 the blend composition 615:635 The porosity of the material was 54-70% and the pore size was in the range of 75-120μm depending on the blend composition. 27163526 4 57 theme 75-120μm 593:600 arg1 range 584:588 the range 580:588 the range of 75-120μm 580:600 The porosity of the material was 54-70% and the pore size was in the range of 75-120μm depending on the blend composition. 27163526 4 57 theme 75-120μm 593:600 arg1 75-120μm 593:600 75-120μm 593:600 75-120μm 593:600 The porosity of the material was 54-70% and the pore size was in the range of 75-120μm depending on the blend composition. 27163526 4 57 theme 75-120μm 593:600 arg1 % 553:553 54-70% 548:553 54-70% 548:553 The porosity of the material was 54-70% and the pore size was in the range of 75-120μm depending on the blend composition. 27163526 4 57 theme 75-120μm 593:600 arg1 porosity 519:526 The porosity 515:526 The porosity of the material 515:542 The porosity of the material was 54-70% and the pore size was in the range of 75-120μm depending on the blend composition. 27163526 10 58 theme compatibility 1179:1191 arg1 studies 1193:1199 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies 1146:1199 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies 1146:1199 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 1 59 theme glycol 199:204 arg1 blend 162:166 a blend 160:166 a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying 160:291 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 12 60 theme preventive 1490:1499 arg1 healing 1507:1513 scar preventive wound healing 1485:1513 scar preventive wound healing 1485:1513 These results suggest that drug loaded dressing could provide scar preventive wound healing. 27163526 5 61 theme air 642:644 arg1 permeability 646:657 The air permeability 638:657 The air permeability 638:657 The air permeability diminished as the PVP content increased. 27163526 11 62 located observed 1319:1326 arg1 wounds 1360:1365 drug loaded dressing treated wounds 1331:1365 drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring 1331:1387 Fast healing was observed in drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring, as compared to the other groups. 27163526 11 62 located observed 1319:1326 arg2 healing 1307:1313 Fast healing 1302:1313 Fast healing 1302:1313 Fast healing was observed in drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring, as compared to the other groups. 27163526 9 63 theme good 1065:1068 arg1 nature 1084:1089 good antimicrobial nature 1065:1089 good antimicrobial nature 1065:1089 The drug loaded dressings showed good antimicrobial nature against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 27163526 10 64 from period 1225:1230 arg1 wounds 1266:1271 full-thickness skin wounds 1246:1271 full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats 1246:1299 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 10 65 theme wound 1154:1158 arg1 healing 1160:1166 In vivo wound healing 1146:1166 In vivo wound healing 1146:1166 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 0 66 theme dressings 73:81 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings. 0:82 Development of antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings. 27163526 7 67 theme hydrogel 930:937 arg1 matrix 939:944 the hydrogel matrix 926:944 the hydrogel matrix 926:944 Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as model drug within the hydrogel matrix. 27163526 11 68 theme other 1409:1413 arg1 groups 1415:1420 the other groups 1405:1420 the other groups 1405:1420 Fast healing was observed in drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring, as compared to the other groups. 27163526 9 69 theme antimicrobial 1070:1082 arg1 nature 1084:1089 good antimicrobial nature 1065:1089 good antimicrobial nature 1065:1089 The drug loaded dressings showed good antimicrobial nature against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 27163526 11 70 theme treated 1352:1358 arg1 wounds 1360:1365 drug loaded dressing treated wounds 1331:1365 drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring 1331:1387 Fast healing was observed in drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring, as compared to the other groups. 27163526 7 71 theme model 908:912 arg1 drug 914:917 model drug 908:917 model drug within the hydrogel matrix 908:944 Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as model drug within the hydrogel matrix. 27163526 7 71 theme model 908:912 arg1 hydrochloride 882:894 Tetracycline hydrochloride 869:894 Tetracycline hydrochloride 869:894 Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as model drug within the hydrogel matrix. 27163526 11 72 theme loaded 1336:1341 arg1 wounds 1360:1365 drug loaded dressing treated wounds 1331:1365 drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring 1331:1387 Fast healing was observed in drug loaded dressing treated wounds with minimum scarring, as compared to the other groups. 27163526 10 73 from wounds 1266:1271 arg1 period 1225:1230 a period 1223:1230 a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats 1223:1299 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 10 74 theme days 1238:1241 arg1 period 1225:1230 a period 1223:1230 a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats 1223:1299 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 2 75 theme group 342:346 arg1 interaction 348:358 functional group interaction 331:358 functional group interaction 331:358 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy. 27163526 6 76 theme vapour 710:715 arg1 rate 730:733 The water vapour transmission rate 700:733 The water vapour transmission rate 700:733 The water vapour transmission rate was in the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption. 27163526 8 77 theme total 1006:1010 arg1 loading 1012:1018 the total loading 1002:1018 the total loading 1002:1018 The cumulative release of drug was found to be ∼80% of the total loading after ∼48h. 27163526 1 78 theme preventive 107:116 arg1 dressings 124:132 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings 84:132 dressings 124:132 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 6 79 theme water 704:708 arg1 rate 730:733 The water vapour transmission rate 700:733 The water vapour transmission rate 700:733 The water vapour transmission rate was in the range of 2000-3500g/m(2)day which may offer to be proper material for the wound dressing with moderate exudate absorption. 27163526 2 80 theme total 392:396 arg1 spectroscopy 420:431 attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy 381:431 attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy 381:431 The miscibility of blend systems and functional group interaction were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-infra red spectroscopy. 27163526 0 81 theme preventive 38:47 arg1 dressings 73:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 Development of antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings. 27163526 9 82 theme loaded 1041:1046 arg1 dressings 1048:1056 The drug loaded dressings 1032:1056 The drug loaded dressings 1032:1056 The drug loaded dressings showed good antimicrobial nature against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 27163526 3 83 theme electron 447:454 arg1 microscopy 456:465 The scanning electron microscopy 434:465 The scanning electron microscopy of the coated fabric 434:486 The scanning electron microscopy of the coated fabric revealed porous structure. 27163526 0 84 theme hydrogel 58:65 arg1 dressings 73:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings 15:81 Development of antimicrobial and scar preventive chitosan hydrogel wound dressings. 27163526 1 85 theme subsequent 268:277 arg1 drying 286:291 the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying 246:291 drying 286:291 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 4 86 theme material 535:542 arg1 porosity 519:526 The porosity 515:526 The porosity of the material 515:542 The porosity of the material was 54-70% and the pore size was in the range of 75-120μm depending on the blend composition. 27163526 4 86 theme material 535:542 arg1 % 553:553 54-70% 548:553 54-70% 548:553 The porosity of the material was 54-70% and the pore size was in the range of 75-120μm depending on the blend composition. 27163526 4 86 theme material 535:542 arg1 75-120μm 593:600 75-120μm 593:600 75-120μm 593:600 The porosity of the material was 54-70% and the pore size was in the range of 75-120μm depending on the blend composition. 27163526 10 87 theme full-thickness 1246:1259 arg1 wounds 1266:1271 full-thickness skin wounds 1246:1271 full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats 1246:1299 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 10 88 theme Wistar 1289:1294 arg1 rats 1296:1299 male Wistar rats 1284:1299 male Wistar rats 1284:1299 In vivo wound healing and tissue compatibility studies were carried out over a period of 21 days on full-thickness skin wounds created on male Wistar rats. 27163526 3 89 theme coated 474:479 arg1 fabric 481:486 the coated fabric 470:486 the coated fabric 470:486 The scanning electron microscopy of the coated fabric revealed porous structure. 27163526 1 90 theme polyvinyl 216:224 arg1 PVP 238:240 PVP 238:240 PVP 238:240 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 27163526 1 90 theme polyvinyl 216:224 arg1 pyrolidone 226:235 polyvinyl pyrolidone 216:235 polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) 216:241 Antimicrobial and scar preventive wound dressings were developed by coating a blend of chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) on the cotton fabric and subsequent freeze drying. 26755450 3 0 theme aerial 304:309 arg1 mycelium 311:318 aerial mycelium 304:318 aerial mycelium that were sessile or carried by very short sporangiophores 304:377 The micro-organism developed small roundish sporangia on aerial mycelium that were sessile or carried by very short sporangiophores. 26755450 2 1 theme strain 121:126 arg1 SG20T 128:132 strain SG20T 121:132 strain SG20T 121:132 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SG20T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria. 26755450 11 2 theme name 1481:1484 arg1 sp 1514:1515 the name Streptosporangium saharense sp 1477:1515 the name Streptosporangium saharense sp 1477:1515 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 4 3 theme cell-wall 384:392 arg1 peptidoglycan 394:406 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 380:406 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 380:406 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised glucose, ribose and mannose, but madurose was not detected. 26755450 8 4 theme novel 838:842 arg1 strain 844:849 the novel strain 834:849 the novel strain 834:849 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain resembled those of recognized members of the genus Streptosporangium. 26755450 10 5 theme hybridization 1181:1193 arg1 experiments 1195:1205 hybridization experiments 1181:1205 hybridization experiments 1181:1205 In hybridization experiments, the DNA-DNA relatedness values recorded between strain SG20T and S. jomthongense DSM 46822T fell well below 70 %. 26755450 11 6 theme Streptosporangium 1486:1502 arg1 sp 1514:1515 the name Streptosporangium saharense sp 1477:1515 the name Streptosporangium saharense sp 1477:1515 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 9 7 theme Streptosporangium 1048:1064 arg1 53154T 1083:1088 Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T 1048:1088 Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity) 1048:1108 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 9 7 theme Streptosporangium 1048:1064 arg1 similarity 1098:1107 98.5 % similarity 1091:1107 98.5 % similarity 1091:1107 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 9 8 theme phylogenetic 931:942 arg1 analysis 944:951 phylogenetic analysis 931:951 phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain 931:1011 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 6 9 dep iso-C16  633:640 arg1  0 642:643  0 642:643  0 642:643 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26755450 6 9 dep iso-C16  633:640 arg1 C16  649:652 C16  649:652 C16  649:652 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26755450 9 10 theme BCC 1079:1081 arg1 53154T 1083:1088 Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T 1048:1088 Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity) 1048:1108 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 9 10 theme BCC 1079:1081 arg1 similarity 1098:1107 98.5 % similarity 1091:1107 98.5 % similarity 1091:1107 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 9 11 theme jomthongense 1066:1077 arg1 53154T 1083:1088 Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T 1048:1088 Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity) 1048:1108 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 9 11 theme jomthongense 1066:1077 arg1 similarity 1098:1107 98.5 % similarity 1091:1107 98.5 % similarity 1091:1107 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 10 12 theme jomthongense 1276:1287 arg1 46822T 1293:1298 S. jomthongense DSM 46822T 1273:1298 S. jomthongense DSM 46822T 1273:1298 In hybridization experiments, the DNA-DNA relatedness values recorded between strain SG20T and S. jomthongense DSM 46822T fell well below 70 %. 26755450 11 13 theme saharense 1504:1512 arg1 sp 1514:1515 the name Streptosporangium saharense sp 1477:1515 the name Streptosporangium saharense sp 1477:1515 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 1 14 theme Saharan 71:77 arg1 soil 79:82 Saharan soil 71:82 Saharan soil 71:82 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Saharan soil. 26755450 8 15 theme strain 844:849 arg1 characteristics 815:829 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 781:829 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain 781:849 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain resembled those of recognized members of the genus Streptosporangium. 26755450 11 16 theme strain 1369:1374 arg1 SG20T 1376:1380 strain SG20T 1369:1380 strain SG20T 1369:1380 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 8 17 theme phenotypic 785:794 arg1 characteristics 815:829 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 781:829 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain 781:849 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain resembled those of recognized members of the genus Streptosporangium. 26755450 6 18 dep  0 642:643 arg1  0 654:655  0 654:655  0 654:655 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26755450 13 19 theme 46743T = CECT 1569:1581 arg1 8840T 1583:1587  = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T 1562:1587  = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T 1562:1587 The type strain is SG20T ( = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T). 26755450 13 19 theme 46743T = CECT 1569:1581 arg1 SG20T 1555:1559 SG20T 1555:1559 SG20T ( = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T) 1555:1588 The type strain is SG20T ( = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T). 26755450 10 20 theme relatedness 1220:1230 arg1 values 1232:1237 the DNA-DNA relatedness values 1208:1237 the DNA-DNA relatedness values recorded between strain SG20T and S. jomthongense DSM 46822T 1208:1298 In hybridization experiments, the DNA-DNA relatedness values recorded between strain SG20T and S. jomthongense DSM 46822T fell well below 70 %. 26755450 11 21 theme Streptosporangium 1448:1464 arg1 species 1427:1433 a novel species 1419:1433 a novel species 1419:1433 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 11 22 theme novel 1421:1425 arg1 species 1427:1433 a novel species 1419:1433 a novel species 1419:1433 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 13 23 theme type 1540:1543 arg1 strain 1545:1550 The type strain 1536:1550 The type strain 1536:1550 The type strain is SG20T ( = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T). 26755450 13 23 theme type 1540:1543 arg1 SG20T 1555:1559 SG20T 1555:1559 SG20T ( = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T) 1555:1588 The type strain is SG20T ( = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T). 26755450 9 24 theme 98.5  1091:1095 arg1 % 1096:1096 % 1096:1096 % 1096:1096 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 4 25 theme whole-cell 451:460 arg1 sugars 462:467 the whole-cell sugars 447:467 the whole-cell sugars 447:467 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised glucose, ribose and mannose, but madurose was not detected. 26755450 9 26 theme 16S 964:966 arg1 rRNA 968:971 a 16S rRNA 962:971 a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain 962:1011 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 1 27 attach isolated 57:64 arg2 actinobacterium 41:55 an actinobacterium 38:55 an actinobacterium isolated from Saharan soil 38:82 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Saharan soil. 26755450 1 27 attach isolated 57:64 arg1 soil 79:82 Saharan soil 71:82 Saharan soil 71:82 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Saharan soil. 26755450 8 28 theme recognized 870:879 arg1 members 881:887 recognized members 870:887 recognized members of the genus Streptosporangium 870:918 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain resembled those of recognized members of the genus Streptosporangium. 26755450 3 29 theme short 357:361 arg1 sporangiophores 363:377 very short sporangiophores 352:377 very short sporangiophores 352:377 The micro-organism developed small roundish sporangia on aerial mycelium that were sessile or carried by very short sporangiophores. 26755450 13 30 theme  = DSM 1562:1567 arg1 8840T 1583:1587  = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T 1562:1587  = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T 1562:1587 The type strain is SG20T ( = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T). 26755450 13 30 theme  = DSM 1562:1567 arg1 SG20T 1555:1559 SG20T 1555:1559 SG20T ( = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T) 1555:1588 The type strain is SG20T ( = DSM 46743T = CECT 8840T). 26755450 10 31 theme DSM 1289:1291 arg1 46822T 1293:1298 S. jomthongense DSM 46822T 1273:1298 S. jomthongense DSM 46822T 1273:1298 In hybridization experiments, the DNA-DNA relatedness values recorded between strain SG20T and S. jomthongense DSM 46822T fell well below 70 %. 26755450 10 32 theme S. 1273:1274 arg1 46822T 1293:1298 S. jomthongense DSM 46822T 1273:1298 S. jomthongense DSM 46822T 1273:1298 In hybridization experiments, the DNA-DNA relatedness values recorded between strain SG20T and S. jomthongense DSM 46822T fell well below 70 %. 26755450 1 33 dep actinobacterium 41:55 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Saharan soil. 26755450 9 34 theme gene 973:976 arg1 sequence 978:985 a 16S rRNA gene sequence 962:985 a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain 962:1011 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 7 35 theme unknown 765:771 arg1 lipids 773:778 unknown lipids 765:778 unknown lipids 765:778 The phospholipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown lipids. 26755450 8 36 theme Streptosporangium 902:918 arg1 members 881:887 recognized members 870:887 recognized members of the genus Streptosporangium 870:918 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain resembled those of recognized members of the genus Streptosporangium. 26755450 2 37 theme soil 163:166 arg1 sample 168:173 a Saharan soil sample 153:173 a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria 153:244 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SG20T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria. 26755450 6 38 theme fatty 616:620 arg1 iso-C16  633:640 iso-C16  633:640 iso-C16  633:640 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26755450 6 38 theme fatty 616:620 arg1 acids 622:626 The major fatty acids 606:626 The major fatty acids 606:626 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26755450 4 39 contain contained 408:416 arg1 peptidoglycan 394:406 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 380:406 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 380:406 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised glucose, ribose and mannose, but madurose was not detected. 26755450 4 39 contain contained 408:416 arg2 acid 438:441 meso-diaminopimelic acid 418:441 meso-diaminopimelic acid 418:441 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised glucose, ribose and mannose, but madurose was not detected. 26755450 11 40 theme phenotypic 1338:1347 arg1 data 1363:1366 phenotypic and genotypic data 1338:1366 phenotypic and genotypic data 1338:1366 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 11 41 dep data 1363:1366 arg1 the 1325:1327 the 1325:1327 the 1325:1327 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 11 41 dep data 1363:1366 arg1 basis 1329:1333 basis 1329:1333 basis 1329:1333 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 2 42 theme Saharan 155:161 arg1 sample 168:173 a Saharan soil sample 153:173 a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria 153:244 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SG20T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria. 26755450 5 43 theme predominant 543:553 arg1 menaquinones 555:566 The predominant menaquinones 539:566 The predominant menaquinones 539:566 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H2). 26755450 5 43 theme predominant 543:553 arg1 MK-9 573:576 MK-9 573:576 MK-9 573:576 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H2). 26755450 2 44 theme novel 87:91 arg1 actinobacterium 93:107 A novel actinobacterium 85:107 A novel actinobacterium 85:107 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SG20T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria. 26755450 8 45 theme genus 896:900 arg1 Streptosporangium 902:918 the genus Streptosporangium 892:918 the genus Streptosporangium 892:918 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain resembled those of recognized members of the genus Streptosporangium. 26755450 2 46 attach isolated 139:146 arg2 actinobacterium 93:107 A novel actinobacterium 85:107 A novel actinobacterium 85:107 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SG20T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria. 26755450 2 46 attach isolated 139:146 arg1 sample 168:173 a Saharan soil sample 153:173 a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria 153:244 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SG20T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria. 26755450 6 47 theme major 610:614 arg1 iso-C16  633:640 iso-C16  633:640 iso-C16  633:640 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26755450 6 47 theme major 610:614 arg1 acids 622:626 The major fatty acids 606:626 The major fatty acids 606:626 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26755450 3 48 theme small 276:280 arg1 sporangia 291:299 small roundish sporangia 276:299 small roundish sporangia on aerial mycelium that were sessile or carried by very short sporangiophores 276:377 The micro-organism developed small roundish sporangia on aerial mycelium that were sessile or carried by very short sporangiophores. 26755450 4 49 theme meso-diaminopimelic 418:436 arg1 acid 438:441 meso-diaminopimelic acid 418:441 meso-diaminopimelic acid 418:441 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised glucose, ribose and mannose, but madurose was not detected. 26755450 9 50 theme single 1126:1131 arg1 spores 1133:1138 single spores 1126:1138 single spores 1126:1138 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 10 51 theme DNA-DNA 1212:1218 arg1 values 1232:1237 the DNA-DNA relatedness values 1208:1237 the DNA-DNA relatedness values recorded between strain SG20T and S. jomthongense DSM 46822T 1208:1298 In hybridization experiments, the DNA-DNA relatedness values recorded between strain SG20T and S. jomthongense DSM 46822T fell well below 70 %. 26755450 3 52 theme roundish 282:289 arg1 sporangia 291:299 small roundish sporangia 276:299 small roundish sporangia on aerial mycelium that were sessile or carried by very short sporangiophores 276:377 The micro-organism developed small roundish sporangia on aerial mycelium that were sessile or carried by very short sporangiophores. 26755450 2 53 theme southern 229:236 arg1 Mzab 203:206 Mzab 203:206 Mzab 203:206 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SG20T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria. 26755450 2 53 theme southern 229:236 arg1 Algeria 238:244 southern Algeria 229:244 southern Algeria 229:244 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SG20T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen (Mzab), Ghardaïa province, southern Algeria. 26755450 9 54 theme % 1096:1096 arg1 53154T 1083:1088 Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T 1048:1088 Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity) 1048:1108 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 9 54 theme % 1096:1096 arg1 similarity 1098:1107 98.5 % similarity 1091:1107 98.5 % similarity 1091:1107 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 8 55 theme chemotaxonomic 800:813 arg1 characteristics 815:829 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 781:829 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain 781:849 The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain resembled those of recognized members of the genus Streptosporangium. 26755450 11 56 theme genotypic 1353:1361 arg1 data 1363:1366 phenotypic and genotypic data 1338:1366 phenotypic and genotypic data 1338:1366 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 10 57 theme strain 1256:1261 arg1 SG20T 1263:1267 strain SG20T 1256:1267 strain SG20T 1256:1267 In hybridization experiments, the DNA-DNA relatedness values recorded between strain SG20T and S. jomthongense DSM 46822T fell well below 70 %. 26755450 11 58 theme genus 1442:1446 arg1 Streptosporangium 1448:1464 the genus Streptosporangium 1438:1464 the genus Streptosporangium 1438:1464 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain SG20T can be distinguished as representing a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium saharense sp. 26755450 3 59 from sporangia 291:299 arg1 mycelium 311:318 aerial mycelium 304:318 aerial mycelium that were sessile or carried by very short sporangiophores 304:377 The micro-organism developed small roundish sporangia on aerial mycelium that were sessile or carried by very short sporangiophores. 26755450 9 60 theme rRNA 968:971 arg1 sequence 978:985 a 16S rRNA gene sequence 962:985 a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain 962:1011 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 9 61 theme aerial 1143:1148 arg1 mycelium 1150:1157 aerial mycelium 1143:1157 aerial mycelium 1143:1157 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26755450 9 62 theme closest 1028:1034 arg1 relative 1036:1043 its closest relative 1024:1043 its closest relative 1024:1043 Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relative as Streptosporangium jomthongense BCC 53154T (98.5 % similarity), which produces single spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangia. 26310241 6 0 theme major 858:862 arg1 MK-8 872:875 MK-8 872:875 MK-8(H2) 872:879 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 6 0 theme major 858:862 arg1 lipids 864:869 major lipids 858:869 major lipids 858:869 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 4 1 theme DSM 538:540 arg1 43241T 542:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T 514:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) 514:556 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 1 theme DSM 538:540 arg1 % 555:555 98.5 % 550:555 98.5 % 550:555 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 1 theme DSM 538:540 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 7 2 dep C16  1005:1008 arg1  1cis9 1019:1024  1cis9 1019:1024  1cis9 1019:1024 The fatty acid profile consisted of C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis9 and C16 : 1cis9 as main components. 26310241 7 2 dep C16  1005:1008 arg1 C18  1014:1017 C18  1014:1017 C18  1014:1017 The fatty acid profile consisted of C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis9 and C16 : 1cis9 as main components. 26310241 7 2 dep C16  1005:1008 arg1  1cis9 1035:1040  1cis9 1035:1040  1cis9 1035:1040 The fatty acid profile consisted of C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis9 and C16 : 1cis9 as main components. 26310241 7 2 dep C16  1005:1008 arg1 C16  1030:1033 C16  1030:1033 C16  1030:1033 The fatty acid profile consisted of C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis9 and C16 : 1cis9 as main components. 26310241 4 3 dep Rhodococcus 431:441 arg1 pyridinivorans 443:456 pyridinivorans 443:456 pyridinivorans 443:456 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 2 4 theme aerobic 141:147 arg1 bacterium 149:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 103:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 103:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 2 5 theme plant 260:264 arg1 sample 214:219 a sludge sample 205:219 a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 205:264 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 10 6 theme whole 1412:1416 arg1 level 1425:1429 the whole genome level 1408:1429 the whole genome level 1408:1429 Furthermore, strain DW151BT showed low similarity at the whole genome level in DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with phylogenetically closely related strains. 26310241 2 7 theme non-motile 126:135 arg1 bacterium 149:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 103:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 103:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 6 8 theme lipid 738:742 arg1 menaquinone 895:905 the major menaquinone 885:905 the major menaquinone 885:905 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 6 8 theme lipid 738:742 arg1 profile 744:750 The cellular polar lipid profile 719:750 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) 719:879 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 2 9 theme effluent 241:248 arg1 plant 260:264 a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 224:264 a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 224:264 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 8 10 theme C16  1078:1081 arg1 presence 1066:1073 The presence 1062:1073 The presence of C16  1062:1081 The presence of C16 : 0 and diphosphatidylglycerol as major fatty acid and polar lipid, respectively, was in accordance with chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 10 11 theme low 1390:1392 arg1 similarity 1394:1403 low similarity 1390:1403 low similarity 1390:1403 Furthermore, strain DW151BT showed low similarity at the whole genome level in DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with phylogenetically closely related strains. 26310241 8 12 theme polar 1137:1141 arg1 lipid 1143:1147 polar lipid 1137:1147 polar lipid 1137:1147 The presence of C16 : 0 and diphosphatidylglycerol as major fatty acid and polar lipid, respectively, was in accordance with chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 11 13 theme genus 1673:1677 arg1 Rhodococcus 1679:1689 the genus Rhodococcus 1669:1689 the genus Rhodococcus 1669:1689 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 6 14 theme cellular 723:730 arg1 menaquinone 895:905 the major menaquinone 885:905 the major menaquinone 885:905 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 6 14 theme cellular 723:730 arg1 profile 744:750 The cellular polar lipid profile 719:750 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) 719:879 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 10 15 theme DNA-DNA 1434:1440 arg1 hybridization 1442:1454 DNA-DNA hybridization 1434:1454 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with phylogenetically closely related strains 1434:1512 Furthermore, strain DW151BT showed low similarity at the whole genome level in DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with phylogenetically closely related strains. 26310241 4 16 theme genus 424:428 arg1 43241T 542:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T 514:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) 514:556 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 16 theme genus 424:428 arg1 PDB9T 458:462 Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T 431:462 Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %) 431:471 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 16 theme genus 424:428 arg1 65754T 589:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T 562:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 562:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 16 theme genus 424:428 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 16 theme genus 424:428 arg1 4937T 498:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T 474:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %) 474:511 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 10 17 theme related 1498:1504 arg1 strains 1506:1512 phylogenetically closely related strains 1473:1512 phylogenetically closely related strains 1473:1512 Furthermore, strain DW151BT showed low similarity at the whole genome level in DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with phylogenetically closely related strains. 26310241 2 18 theme sludge 207:212 arg1 sample 214:219 a sludge sample 205:219 a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 205:264 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 8 19 theme major 1116:1120 arg1 acid 1128:1131 major fatty acid 1116:1131 major fatty acid 1116:1131 The presence of C16 : 0 and diphosphatidylglycerol as major fatty acid and polar lipid, respectively, was in accordance with chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 3 20 theme gene 276:279 arg1 analysis 290:297 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 267:297 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT 267:315 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT placed it within the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 4 21 theme Rhodococcus 431:441 arg1 PDB9T 458:462 Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T 431:462 Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %) 431:471 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 21 theme Rhodococcus 431:441 arg1 % 470:470 98.8 % 465:470 98.8 % 465:470 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 21 theme Rhodococcus 431:441 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 7 22 theme acid 979:982 arg1 profile 984:990 The fatty acid profile 969:990 The fatty acid profile 969:990 The fatty acid profile consisted of C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis9 and C16 : 1cis9 as main components. 26310241 9 23 theme genus 1348:1352 arg1 members 1332:1338 the members 1328:1338 the members of this genus 1328:1352 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 26310241 3 24 theme 16S 267:269 arg1 analysis 290:297 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 267:297 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT 267:315 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT placed it within the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 4 25 theme recognized 398:407 arg1 43241T 542:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T 514:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) 514:556 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 25 theme recognized 398:407 arg1 PDB9T 458:462 Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T 431:462 Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %) 431:471 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 25 theme recognized 398:407 arg1 65754T 589:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T 562:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 562:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 25 theme recognized 398:407 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 25 theme recognized 398:407 arg1 4937T 498:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T 474:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %) 474:511 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 5 26 theme strain 615:620 arg1 DW151BT 622:628 strain DW151BT 615:628 strain DW151BT 615:628 However, strain DW151BT differed from phylogenetically closely related species in various phenotypic properties. 26310241 2 27 theme dairy 226:230 arg1 plant 260:264 a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 224:264 a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 224:264 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 6 28 theme cell-wall 944:952 arg1 acid 931:934 meso-diaminopimelic acid 911:934 meso-diaminopimelic acid 911:934 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 6 28 theme cell-wall 944:952 arg1 peptidoglycan 954:966 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 940:966 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 940:966 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 3 29 theme strain 302:307 arg1 DW151BT 309:315 strain DW151BT 302:315 strain DW151BT 302:315 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT placed it within the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 13 30 theme  = MTCC 1780:1786 arg1 DW151BT 1771:1777 DW151BT 1771:1777 DW151BT ( = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T) 1771:1807 The type strain is DW151BT ( = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T). 26310241 13 30 theme  = MTCC 1780:1786 arg1 45625T 1801:1806  = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T 1780:1806  = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T 1780:1806 The type strain is DW151BT ( = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T). 26310241 5 31 theme phenotypic 696:705 arg1 properties 707:716 various phenotypic properties 688:716 various phenotypic properties 688:716 However, strain DW151BT differed from phylogenetically closely related species in various phenotypic properties. 26310241 11 32 theme novel 1652:1656 arg1 species 1658:1664 a novel species 1650:1664 a novel species 1650:1664 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 6 33 theme meso-diaminopimelic 911:929 arg1 acid 931:934 meso-diaminopimelic acid 911:934 meso-diaminopimelic acid 911:934 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 6 33 theme meso-diaminopimelic 911:929 arg1 peptidoglycan 954:966 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 940:966 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 940:966 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 11 34 from level 1560:1564 arg1 differences 1570:1580 differences 1570:1580 differences in phenotypic properties 1570:1605 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 11 34 from level 1560:1564 arg1 similarity 1535:1544 the low similarity 1527:1544 the low similarity at the genome level 1527:1564 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 4 35 theme Rhodococcus 474:484 arg1 4937T 498:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T 474:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %) 474:511 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 35 theme Rhodococcus 474:484 arg1 % 510:510 98.6 % 505:510 98.6 % 505:510 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 35 theme Rhodococcus 474:484 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 8 36 theme Rhodococcus 1223:1233 arg1 markers 1202:1208 chemotaxonomic markers 1187:1208 chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Rhodococcus 1187:1233 The presence of C16 : 0 and diphosphatidylglycerol as major fatty acid and polar lipid, respectively, was in accordance with chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 5 37 theme related 669:675 arg1 species 677:683 phylogenetically closely related species 644:683 phylogenetically closely related species 644:683 However, strain DW151BT differed from phylogenetically closely related species in various phenotypic properties. 26310241 11 38 from differences 1570:1580 arg1 properties 1596:1605 phenotypic properties 1585:1605 phenotypic properties 1585:1605 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 2 39 attach isolated 191:198 arg2 bacterium 149:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 103:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 103:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 2 39 attach isolated 191:198 arg1 sample 214:219 a sludge sample 205:219 a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 205:264 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 11 40 from similarity 1535:1544 arg1 properties 1596:1605 phenotypic properties 1585:1605 phenotypic properties 1585:1605 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 0 41 theme Rhodococcus 0:10 arg1 sp 19:20 Rhodococcus lactis sp 0:20 Rhodococcus lactis sp. 0:21 Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 1 42 theme dairy 74:78 arg1 plant 96:100 a dairy waste treatment plant 72:100 a dairy waste treatment plant 72:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sludge of a dairy waste treatment plant. 26310241 3 43 theme genus 338:342 arg1 Rhodococcus 344:354 the genus Rhodococcus 334:354 the genus Rhodococcus 334:354 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT placed it within the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 1 44 theme treatment 86:94 arg1 plant 96:100 a dairy waste treatment plant 72:100 a dairy waste treatment plant 72:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sludge of a dairy waste treatment plant. 26310241 7 45 theme main 1045:1048 arg1 components 1050:1059 main components 1045:1059 main components 1045:1059 The fatty acid profile consisted of C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis9 and C16 : 1cis9 as main components. 26310241 9 46 theme DNA 1240:1242 arg1 content 1248:1254 The DNA G+C content 1236:1254 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT 1236:1272 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 26310241 9 46 theme DNA 1240:1242 arg1 % 1286:1286 69.9 mol% 1278:1286 69.9 mol% 1278:1286 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 26310241 4 47 theme W 496:496 arg1 4937T 498:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T 474:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %) 474:511 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 47 theme W 496:496 arg1 % 510:510 98.6 % 505:510 98.6 % 505:510 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 47 theme W 496:496 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 11 48 theme lactis 1723:1728 arg1 sp 1730:1731 the name Rhodococcus lactis sp 1702:1731 the name Rhodococcus lactis sp 1702:1731 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 4 49 dep Rhodococcus 562:572 arg1 artemisiae 574:583 artemisiae 574:583 artemisiae 574:583 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 10 50 theme strain 1368:1373 arg1 DW151BT 1375:1381 strain DW151BT 1368:1381 strain DW151BT 1368:1381 Furthermore, strain DW151BT showed low similarity at the whole genome level in DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with phylogenetically closely related strains. 26310241 11 51 theme strain 1608:1613 arg1 DW151BT 1615:1621 strain DW151BT 1608:1621 strain DW151BT 1608:1621 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 11 52 theme name 1706:1709 arg1 sp 1730:1731 the name Rhodococcus lactis sp 1702:1731 the name Rhodococcus lactis sp 1702:1731 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 9 53 theme strain 1259:1264 arg1 DW151BT 1266:1272 strain DW151BT 1259:1272 strain DW151BT 1259:1272 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 26310241 4 54 dep species 409:415 arg1 43241T 542:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T 514:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) 514:556 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 54 dep species 409:415 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 54 dep species 409:415 arg1 % 510:510 98.6 % 505:510 98.6 % 505:510 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 54 dep species 409:415 arg1 PDB9T 458:462 Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T 431:462 Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %) 431:471 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 54 dep species 409:415 arg1 65754T 589:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T 562:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 562:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 54 dep species 409:415 arg1 % 555:555 98.5 % 550:555 98.5 % 550:555 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 54 dep species 409:415 arg1 % 470:470 98.8 % 465:470 98.8 % 465:470 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 54 dep species 409:415 arg1 4937T 498:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T 474:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %) 474:511 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 54 dep species 409:415 arg1 % 602:602 97.5 % 597:602 97.5 % 597:602 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 55 dep Rhodococcus 474:484 arg1 gordoniae 486:494 gordoniae 486:494 gordoniae 486:494 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 11 56 theme low 1531:1533 arg1 similarity 1535:1544 the low similarity 1527:1544 the low similarity at the genome level 1527:1564 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 4 57 theme significant 370:380 arg1 similarity 382:391 significant similarity 370:391 significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 370:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 58 theme rhodochrous 526:536 arg1 43241T 542:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T 514:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) 514:556 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 58 theme rhodochrous 526:536 arg1 % 555:555 98.5 % 550:555 98.5 % 550:555 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 58 theme rhodochrous 526:536 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 10 59 theme genome 1418:1423 arg1 level 1425:1429 the whole genome level 1408:1429 the whole genome level 1408:1429 Furthermore, strain DW151BT showed low similarity at the whole genome level in DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with phylogenetically closely related strains. 26310241 11 60 theme genome 1553:1558 arg1 level 1560:1564 the genome level 1549:1564 the genome level 1549:1564 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 2 61 theme treatment 250:258 arg1 plant 260:264 a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 224:264 a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 224:264 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 8 62 theme fatty 1122:1126 arg1 acid 1128:1131 major fatty acid 1116:1131 major fatty acid 1116:1131 The presence of C16 : 0 and diphosphatidylglycerol as major fatty acid and polar lipid, respectively, was in accordance with chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 6 63 theme polar 732:736 arg1 menaquinone 895:905 the major menaquinone 885:905 the major menaquinone 885:905 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 6 63 theme polar 732:736 arg1 profile 744:750 The cellular polar lipid profile 719:750 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) 719:879 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 6 64 theme major 889:893 arg1 menaquinone 895:905 the major menaquinone 885:905 the major menaquinone 885:905 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 6 64 theme major 889:893 arg1 profile 744:750 The cellular polar lipid profile 719:750 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) 719:879 The cellular polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major lipids, MK-8(H2) was the major menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26310241 10 65 theme hybridization 1442:1454 arg1 experiments 1456:1466 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1434:1466 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with phylogenetically closely related strains 1434:1512 Furthermore, strain DW151BT showed low similarity at the whole genome level in DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with phylogenetically closely related strains. 26310241 1 66 attach isolated 48:55 arg2 actinobacterium 32:46 an actinobacterium 29:46 an actinobacterium isolated from sludge of a dairy waste treatment plant 29:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sludge of a dairy waste treatment plant. 26310241 1 66 attach isolated 48:55 arg1 sludge 62:67 sludge 62:67 sludge of a dairy waste treatment plant 62:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sludge of a dairy waste treatment plant. 26310241 4 67 theme Rhodococcus 562:572 arg1 65754T 589:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T 562:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 562:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 67 theme Rhodococcus 562:572 arg1 % 602:602 97.5 % 597:602 97.5 % 597:602 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 67 theme Rhodococcus 562:572 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 68 theme YIM 585:587 arg1 65754T 589:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T 562:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 562:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 68 theme YIM 585:587 arg1 % 602:602 97.5 % 597:602 97.5 % 597:602 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 68 theme YIM 585:587 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 7 69 theme fatty 973:977 arg1 profile 984:990 The fatty acid profile 969:990 The fatty acid profile 969:990 The fatty acid profile consisted of C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis9 and C16 : 1cis9 as main components. 26310241 11 70 theme Rhodococcus 1679:1689 arg1 species 1658:1664 a novel species 1650:1664 a novel species 1650:1664 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 1 71 theme plant 96:100 arg1 sludge 62:67 sludge 62:67 sludge of a dairy waste treatment plant 62:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sludge of a dairy waste treatment plant. 26310241 3 72 theme sequence 281:288 arg1 analysis 290:297 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 267:297 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT 267:315 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT placed it within the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 2 73 theme industry 232:239 arg1 plant 260:264 a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 224:264 a dairy industry effluent treatment plant 224:264 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 3 74 theme rRNA 271:274 arg1 analysis 290:297 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 267:297 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT 267:315 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT placed it within the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 5 75 theme various 688:694 arg1 properties 707:716 various phenotypic properties 688:716 various phenotypic properties 688:716 However, strain DW151BT differed from phylogenetically closely related species in various phenotypic properties. 26310241 3 76 theme DW151BT 309:315 arg1 analysis 290:297 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 267:297 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT 267:315 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain DW151BT placed it within the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 13 77 theme 12279T = DSM 1788:1799 arg1 DW151BT 1771:1777 DW151BT 1771:1777 DW151BT ( = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T) 1771:1807 The type strain is DW151BT ( = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T). 26310241 13 77 theme 12279T = DSM 1788:1799 arg1 45625T 1801:1806  = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T 1780:1806  = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T 1780:1806 The type strain is DW151BT ( = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T). 26310241 8 78 theme chemotaxonomic 1187:1200 arg1 markers 1202:1208 chemotaxonomic markers 1187:1208 chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Rhodococcus 1187:1233 The presence of C16 : 0 and diphosphatidylglycerol as major fatty acid and polar lipid, respectively, was in accordance with chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 13 79 theme type 1756:1759 arg1 DW151BT 1771:1777 DW151BT 1771:1777 DW151BT ( = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T) 1771:1807 The type strain is DW151BT ( = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T). 26310241 13 79 theme type 1756:1759 arg1 strain 1761:1766 The type strain 1752:1766 The type strain 1752:1766 The type strain is DW151BT ( = MTCC 12279T = DSM 45625T). 26310241 8 80 theme genus 1217:1221 arg1 Rhodococcus 1223:1233 the genus Rhodococcus 1213:1233 the genus Rhodococcus 1213:1233 The presence of C16 : 0 and diphosphatidylglycerol as major fatty acid and polar lipid, respectively, was in accordance with chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Rhodococcus. 26310241 1 81 dep actinobacterium 32:46 arg1 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sludge of a dairy waste treatment plant. 26310241 0 82 theme lactis 12:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Rhodococcus lactis sp 0:20 Rhodococcus lactis sp. 0:21 Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 4 83 with similarity 382:391 arg1 43241T 542:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T 514:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) 514:556 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 83 with similarity 382:391 arg1 PDB9T 458:462 Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T 431:462 Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %) 431:471 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 83 with similarity 382:391 arg1 65754T 589:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T 562:594 Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 562:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 83 with similarity 382:391 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 83 with similarity 382:391 arg1 4937T 498:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T 474:502 Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %) 474:511 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 1 84 theme waste 80:84 arg1 plant 96:100 a dairy waste treatment plant 72:100 a dairy waste treatment plant 72:100 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sludge of a dairy waste treatment plant. 26310241 4 85 theme Rhodococcus 514:524 arg1 43241T 542:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T 514:547 Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) 514:556 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 85 theme Rhodococcus 514:524 arg1 % 555:555 98.5 % 550:555 98.5 % 550:555 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 4 85 theme Rhodococcus 514:524 arg1 species 409:415 recognized species 398:415 recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %) 398:603 It displayed significant similarity with recognized species of the genus: Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (98.8 %), Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T (98.6 %), Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T (98.5 %) and Rhodococcus artemisiae YIM 65754T (97.5 %). 26310241 2 86 theme strain 171:176 arg1 DW151BT 178:184 strain DW151BT 171:184 strain DW151BT 171:184 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 9 87 theme G+C 1244:1246 arg1 content 1248:1254 The DNA G+C content 1236:1254 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT 1236:1272 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 26310241 9 87 theme G+C 1244:1246 arg1 % 1286:1286 69.9 mol% 1278:1286 69.9 mol% 1278:1286 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 26310241 10 88 with experiments 1456:1466 arg1 strains 1506:1512 phylogenetically closely related strains 1473:1512 phylogenetically closely related strains 1473:1512 Furthermore, strain DW151BT showed low similarity at the whole genome level in DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with phylogenetically closely related strains. 26310241 11 89 theme phenotypic 1585:1594 arg1 properties 1596:1605 phenotypic properties 1585:1605 phenotypic properties 1585:1605 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 11 90 theme Rhodococcus 1711:1721 arg1 sp 1730:1731 the name Rhodococcus lactis sp 1702:1731 the name Rhodococcus lactis sp 1702:1731 Considering the low similarity at the genome level and differences in phenotypic properties, strain DW151BT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus lactis sp. 26310241 9 91 theme DW151BT 1266:1272 arg1 content 1248:1254 The DNA G+C content 1236:1254 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT 1236:1272 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 26310241 9 91 theme DW151BT 1266:1272 arg1 % 1286:1286 69.9 mol% 1278:1286 69.9 mol% 1278:1286 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 26310241 2 92 theme Gram-stain-positive 105:123 arg1 bacterium 149:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 103:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium 103:157 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain DW151BT, was isolated from a sludge sample of a dairy industry effluent treatment plant. 26310241 9 93 theme 69.9 mol 1278:1285 arg1 content 1248:1254 The DNA G+C content 1236:1254 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT 1236:1272 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 26310241 9 93 theme 69.9 mol 1278:1285 arg1 % 1286:1286 69.9 mol% 1278:1286 69.9 mol% 1278:1286 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 26310241 9 93 theme 69.9 mol 1278:1285 arg1 value 1291:1295 a value 1289:1295 a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus 1289:1352 The DNA G+C content of strain DW151BT was 69.9 mol%, a value within the limits reported for the members of this genus. 24824819 8 0 theme Agromyces 1056:1064 arg1 differences 949:959 differences 949:959 differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 949:1025 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 8 0 theme Agromyces 1056:1064 arg1 species 1035:1041 the species 1031:1041 the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names 1031:1093 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 5 1 theme major 650:654 arg1 acids 662:666 the major fatty acids 646:666 the major fatty acids 646:666 The predominant menaquinones were MK-13 and MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 24824819 5 1 theme major 650:654 arg1 anteiso-C 673:681 anteiso-C 673:681 anteiso-C(15:0) 673:687 The predominant menaquinones were MK-13 and MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 24824819 7 2 theme isolates 805:812 arg1 characteristics 782:796 The chemotaxonomic characteristics 763:796 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates 763:812 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates matched those described for members of the genus Agromyces. 24824819 4 3 theme D-glutamic 539:548 arg1 acid 550:553 D-glutamic acid 539:553 D-glutamic acid 539:553 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 3 4 theme 16S 304:306 arg1 comparisons 327:337 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 304:337 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 304:337 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5-97.4%. 24824819 8 5 theme H23-8 1007:1011 arg1 strains 999:1005 strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 999:1025 strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 999:1025 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 8 5 theme H23-8 1007:1011 arg1 T 1013:1013 H23-8(T) 1007:1014 H23-8(T) 1007:1014 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 6 6 theme DNA 727:729 arg1 content 735:741 The DNA G+C content 723:741 The DNA G+C content 723:741 The DNA G+C content was 72.3-72.5 mol%. 24824819 6 6 theme DNA 727:729 arg1 % 760:760 72.3-72.5 mol% 747:760 72.3-72.5 mol% 747:760 The DNA G+C content was 72.3-72.5 mol%. 24824819 8 7 theme Agromyces 1209:1217 arg1 sp 1227:1228 the name Agromyces marinus sp 1200:1228 the name Agromyces marinus sp 1200:1228 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 2 8 theme Gram-stain-positive 90:108 arg1 actinobacteria 110:123 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria 80:123 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria 80:123 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria, designated H23-8(T) and H23-19, were isolated from a sea sediment sample and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24824819 8 9 theme phenotypic 964:973 arg1 characteristics 975:989 phenotypic characteristics 964:989 phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 964:1025 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 3 10 with related 379:385 arg1 range 442:446 similarity range 431:446 similarity range of 94.5-97.4% 431:460 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5-97.4%. 24824819 4 11 from acid 550:553 arg1 peptidoglycan 576:588 their peptidoglycan 570:588 their peptidoglycan 570:588 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 2 12 theme polyphasic 252:261 arg1 approach 263:270 a polyphasic approach 250:270 a polyphasic approach 250:270 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria, designated H23-8(T) and H23-19, were isolated from a sea sediment sample and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24824819 7 13 theme Agromyces 863:871 arg1 members 842:848 members 842:848 members of the genus Agromyces 842:871 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates matched those described for members of the genus Agromyces. 24824819 4 14 contain contained 491:499 arg1 H23-8 471:475 H23-8 471:475 H23-8(T) 471:478 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 4 14 contain contained 491:499 arg1 H23-19 484:489 H23-19 484:489 H23-19 484:489 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 4 14 contain contained 491:499 arg2 acid 522:525 L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid 501:525 L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid 501:525 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 4 14 contain contained 491:499 arg2 acid 550:553 D-glutamic acid 539:553 D-glutamic acid 539:553 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 4 14 contain contained 491:499 arg2 D-alanine 528:536 D-alanine 528:536 D-alanine 528:536 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 4 14 contain contained 491:499 arg2 glycine 559:565 glycine 559:565 glycine 559:565 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 4 14 contain contained 491:499 arg1 Strains 463:469 Strains 463:469 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 463:489 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 9 15 theme =NBRC 1278:1282 arg1 26151 1298:1302 =NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151 1278:1302 =NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T) 1278:1305 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 9 15 theme =NBRC 1278:1282 arg1 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 3 16 theme sequence 318:325 arg1 comparisons 327:337 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 304:337 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 304:337 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5-97.4%. 24824819 8 17 theme DNA-DNA 915:921 arg1 hybridization 923:935 DNA-DNA hybridization 915:935 DNA-DNA hybridization 915:935 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 8 18 theme analysis 902:909 arg1 results 878:884 The results 874:884 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization 874:935 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 7 19 theme chemotaxonomic 767:780 arg1 characteristics 782:796 The chemotaxonomic characteristics 763:796 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates 763:812 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates matched those described for members of the genus Agromyces. 24824819 3 20 theme genus 409:413 arg1 Agromyces 415:423 the genus Agromyces 405:423 the genus Agromyces 405:423 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5-97.4%. 24824819 8 21 theme published 1079:1087 arg1 names 1089:1093 validly published names 1071:1093 validly published names 1071:1093 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 8 22 from species 1035:1041 arg1 characteristics 975:989 phenotypic characteristics 964:989 phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 964:1025 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 8 23 theme hybridization 923:935 arg1 results 878:884 The results 874:884 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization 874:935 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 1 24 theme sea 66:68 arg1 sediment 70:77 sea sediment 66:77 sea sediment 66:77 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from sea sediment. 24824819 3 25 theme Agromyces 415:423 arg1 members 394:400 the members 390:400 the members of the genus Agromyces 390:423 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5-97.4%. 24824819 0 26 theme marinus 10:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Agromyces marinus sp 0:19 Agromyces marinus sp. 0:20 Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 4 27 from glycine 559:565 arg1 peptidoglycan 576:588 their peptidoglycan 570:588 their peptidoglycan 570:588 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 5 28 theme predominant 595:605 arg1 MK-13 625:629 MK-13 625:629 MK-13 625:629 The predominant menaquinones were MK-13 and MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 24824819 5 28 theme predominant 595:605 arg1 menaquinones 607:618 The predominant menaquinones 591:618 The predominant menaquinones 591:618 The predominant menaquinones were MK-13 and MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 24824819 7 29 theme genus 857:861 arg1 Agromyces 863:871 the genus Agromyces 853:871 the genus Agromyces 853:871 The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates matched those described for members of the genus Agromyces. 24824819 2 30 attach isolated 163:170 arg1 sample 192:197 a sea sediment sample 177:197 a sea sediment sample 177:197 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria, designated H23-8(T) and H23-19, were isolated from a sea sediment sample and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24824819 2 30 attach isolated 163:170 arg2 actinobacteria 110:123 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria 80:123 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria 80:123 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria, designated H23-8(T) and H23-19, were isolated from a sea sediment sample and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24824819 0 31 theme Agromyces 0:8 arg1 sp 18:19 Agromyces marinus sp 0:19 Agromyces marinus sp. 0:20 Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 6 32 theme 72.3-72.5 mol 747:759 arg1 content 735:741 The DNA G+C content 723:741 The DNA G+C content 723:741 The DNA G+C content was 72.3-72.5 mol%. 24824819 6 32 theme 72.3-72.5 mol 747:759 arg1 % 760:760 72.3-72.5 mol% 747:760 72.3-72.5 mol% 747:760 The DNA G+C content was 72.3-72.5 mol%. 24824819 4 33 from acid 522:525 arg1 peptidoglycan 576:588 their peptidoglycan 570:588 their peptidoglycan 570:588 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 4 34 theme L-2,4-diaminobutyric 501:520 arg1 acid 522:525 L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid 501:525 L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid 501:525 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 5 35 theme fatty 656:660 arg1 acids 662:666 the major fatty acids 646:666 the major fatty acids 646:666 The predominant menaquinones were MK-13 and MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 24824819 5 35 theme fatty 656:660 arg1 anteiso-C 673:681 anteiso-C 673:681 anteiso-C(15:0) 673:687 The predominant menaquinones were MK-13 and MK-12, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 24824819 8 36 theme phylogenetic 889:900 arg1 analysis 902:909 phylogenetic analysis 889:909 phylogenetic analysis 889:909 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 3 37 theme similarity 431:440 arg1 range 442:446 similarity range 431:446 similarity range of 94.5-97.4% 431:460 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5-97.4%. 24824819 8 38 from differences 949:959 arg1 characteristics 975:989 phenotypic characteristics 964:989 phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 964:1025 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 9 39 dep H23-8 1268:1272 arg1 26151 1298:1302 =NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151 1278:1302 =NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T) 1278:1305 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 9 39 dep H23-8 1268:1272 arg1 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 8 40 theme genus 1173:1177 arg1 Agromyces 1179:1187 the genus Agromyces 1169:1187 the genus Agromyces 1169:1187 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 9 41 theme 109019 1284:1289 arg1 26151 1298:1302 =NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151 1278:1302 =NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T) 1278:1305 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 9 41 theme 109019 1284:1289 arg1 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 2 42 theme novel 84:88 arg1 actinobacteria 110:123 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria 80:123 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria 80:123 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria, designated H23-8(T) and H23-19, were isolated from a sea sediment sample and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24824819 9 43 theme type 1253:1256 arg1 H23-8 1268:1272 H23-8 1268:1272 H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)) 1268:1306 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 9 43 theme type 1253:1256 arg1 strain 1258:1263 the type strain 1249:1263 the type strain 1249:1263 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 8 44 theme genus 1050:1054 arg1 Agromyces 1056:1064 the genus Agromyces 1046:1064 the genus Agromyces with validly published names 1046:1093 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 8 45 dep Agromyces 1209:1217 arg1 marinus 1219:1225 marinus 1219:1225 marinus 1219:1225 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 4 46 dep Strains 463:469 arg1 H23-19 484:489 H23-19 484:489 H23-19 484:489 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 4 46 dep Strains 463:469 arg1 H23-8 471:475 H23-8 471:475 H23-8(T) 471:478 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 4 46 dep Strains 463:469 arg1 Strains 463:469 Strains 463:469 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 463:489 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 4 46 dep Strains 463:469 arg1 T 477:477 T 477:477 T 477:477 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 24824819 8 47 dep strains 999:1005 arg1 strains 999:1005 strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 999:1025 strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 999:1025 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 8 47 dep strains 999:1005 arg1 T 1013:1013 H23-8(T) 1007:1014 H23-8(T) 1007:1014 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 8 47 dep strains 999:1005 arg1 H23-19 1020:1025 H23-19 1020:1025 H23-19 1020:1025 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 3 48 theme % 460:460 arg1 range 442:446 similarity range 431:446 similarity range of 94.5-97.4% 431:460 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5-97.4%. 24824819 2 49 theme sea 179:181 arg1 sample 192:197 a sea sediment sample 177:197 a sea sediment sample 177:197 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria, designated H23-8(T) and H23-19, were isolated from a sea sediment sample and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24824819 2 50 theme sediment 183:190 arg1 sample 192:197 a sea sediment sample 177:197 a sea sediment sample 177:197 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria, designated H23-8(T) and H23-19, were isolated from a sea sediment sample and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24824819 8 51 theme Agromyces 1179:1187 arg1 species 1158:1164 a novel species 1150:1164 a novel species 1150:1164 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 1 52 theme novel 30:34 arg1 actinobacterium 36:50 a novel actinobacterium 28:50 a novel actinobacterium 28:50 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from sea sediment. 24824819 1 52 theme novel 30:34 arg1 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from sea sediment. 24824819 8 53 theme novel 1152:1156 arg1 species 1158:1164 a novel species 1150:1164 a novel species 1150:1164 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 3 54 theme Phylogenetic 273:284 arg1 analysis 286:293 Phylogenetic analysis 273:293 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 273:337 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5-97.4%. 24824819 8 55 with Agromyces 1056:1064 arg1 names 1089:1093 validly published names 1071:1093 validly published names 1071:1093 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 9 56 theme T 1291:1291 arg1 26151 1298:1302 =NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151 1278:1302 =NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T) 1278:1305 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 9 56 theme T 1291:1291 arg1 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 3 57 theme rRNA 308:311 arg1 comparisons 327:337 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 304:337 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 304:337 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5-97.4%. 24824819 6 58 theme G+C 731:733 arg1 content 735:741 The DNA G+C content 723:741 The DNA G+C content 723:741 The DNA G+C content was 72.3-72.5 mol%. 24824819 6 58 theme G+C 731:733 arg1 % 760:760 72.3-72.5 mol% 747:760 72.3-72.5 mol% 747:760 The DNA G+C content was 72.3-72.5 mol%. 24824819 9 59 theme =DSM 1293:1296 arg1 26151 1298:1302 =NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151 1278:1302 =NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T) 1278:1305 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 9 59 theme =DSM 1293:1296 arg1 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 T 1304:1304 nov. is proposed; the type strain is H23-8(T) (=NBRC 109019(T)=DSM 26151(T)). 24824819 8 60 theme name 1204:1207 arg1 sp 1227:1228 the name Agromyces marinus sp 1200:1228 the name Agromyces marinus sp 1200:1228 The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, along with differences in phenotypic characteristics between strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 and the species of the genus Agromyces with validly published names, indicated that the two isolates should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces marinus sp. 24824819 3 61 theme gene 313:316 arg1 comparisons 327:337 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 304:337 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 304:337 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that these isolates were closely related to the members of the genus Agromyces, with similarity range of 94.5-97.4%. 24824819 2 62 theme taxonomic 209:217 arg1 positions 219:227 their taxonomic positions 203:227 their taxonomic positions 203:227 Two novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacteria, designated H23-8(T) and H23-19, were isolated from a sea sediment sample and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. 24824819 4 63 from D-alanine 528:536 arg1 peptidoglycan 576:588 their peptidoglycan 570:588 their peptidoglycan 570:588 Strains H23-8(T) and H23-19 contained L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and glycine in their peptidoglycan. 29099354 4 0 theme strain 411:416 arg1 9143T 422:426 strain CAU 9143T 411:426 strain CAU 9143T 411:426 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 8 1 theme relatedness 987:997 arg1 % 1088:1088 22.3 % 1083:1088 22.3 % 1083:1088 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 1 theme relatedness 987:997 arg1 G+C content 936:946 The DNA G+C content 928:946 The DNA G+C content 928:946 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 1 theme relatedness 987:997 arg1 % 960:960 64.4 mol% 952:960 64.4 mol% 952:960 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 1 theme relatedness 987:997 arg1 relatedness 987:997 DNA-DNA relatedness 979:997 DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T 979:1015 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 1 theme relatedness 987:997 arg1 strain 1046:1051 the most closely related strain 1021:1051 the most closely related strain 1021:1051 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 1 theme relatedness 987:997 arg1 level 970:974 the level 966:974 the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T 966:1015 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 4 2 theme Arthrobacter 490:501 arg1 SYP-A7299T 513:522 Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T 490:522 Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity) 490:542 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 4 2 theme Arthrobacter 490:501 arg1 similarity 532:541 97.1 % similarity 525:541 97.1 % similarity 525:541 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 5 3 theme major 601:605 arg1 quinone 619:625 the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol 597:652 quinone 619:625 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 3 theme major 601:605 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 677:696 phosphatidylinositol 677:696 phosphatidylinositol 677:696 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 3 theme major 601:605 arg1 phospholipids 736:748 two unidentified phospholipids 719:748 two unidentified phospholipids 719:748 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 3 theme major 601:605 arg1 glycolipids 703:713 two glycolipids 699:713 two glycolipids 699:713 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 3 theme major 601:605 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 655:674 phosphatidylglycerol 655:674 phosphatidylglycerol 655:674 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 3 theme major 601:605 arg1 MK-9 584:587 menaquinone MK-9 572:587 menaquinone MK-9 (H2) 572:592 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 9 4 theme novel 1175:1179 arg1 species 1181:1187 a novel species 1173:1187 a novel species 1173:1187 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. 29099354 9 5 theme CAU 1152:1154 arg1 9143T 1156:1160 strain CAU 9143T 1145:1160 strain CAU 9143T 1145:1160 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. 29099354 7 6 theme cellular 887:894 arg1 acid 902:905 the major cellular fatty acid 877:905 the major cellular fatty acid 877:905 The peptidoglycan type was A4a (l-Lys-D-Glu2) and the major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29099354 7 6 theme cellular 887:894 arg1  0 924:925  0 924:925  0 924:925 The peptidoglycan type was A4a (l-Lys-D-Glu2) and the major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29099354 6 7 theme whole-cell 781:790 arg1 sugars 792:797 The whole-cell sugars 777:797 The whole-cell sugars 777:797 The whole-cell sugars were glucose and galactose. 29099354 6 7 theme whole-cell 781:790 arg1 glucose 804:810 glucose 804:810 glucose 804:810 The whole-cell sugars were glucose and galactose. 29099354 5 8 theme menaquinone 572:582 arg1 quinone 619:625 the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol 597:652 quinone 619:625 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 8 theme menaquinone 572:582 arg1 H2 590:591 H2 590:591 H2 590:591 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 8 theme menaquinone 572:582 arg1 MK-9 584:587 menaquinone MK-9 572:587 menaquinone MK-9 (H2) 572:592 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 7 9 theme fatty 896:900 arg1 acid 902:905 the major cellular fatty acid 877:905 the major cellular fatty acid 877:905 The peptidoglycan type was A4a (l-Lys-D-Glu2) and the major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29099354 7 9 theme fatty 896:900 arg1  0 924:925  0 924:925  0 924:925 The peptidoglycan type was A4a (l-Lys-D-Glu2) and the major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29099354 11 10 theme type 1281:1284 arg1 strain 1286:1291 The type strain 1277:1291 The type strain 1277:1291 The type strain is CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T). 29099354 11 10 theme type 1281:1284 arg1 9143T 1300:1304 CAU 9143T 1296:1304 CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T) 1296:1331 The type strain is CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T). 29099354 3 11 dep % 327:327 arg1 w/v 330:332 w/v 330:332 w/v 330:332 Strain CAU 9143T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 29099354 0 12 theme Arthrobacter 0:11 arg1 sp 21:22 Arthrobacter paludis sp 0:22 Arthrobacter paludis sp. 0:23 Arthrobacter paludis sp. 29099354 4 13 theme ginkgonis 503:511 arg1 SYP-A7299T 513:522 Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T 490:522 Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity) 490:542 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 4 13 theme ginkgonis 503:511 arg1 similarity 532:541 97.1 % similarity 525:541 97.1 % similarity 525:541 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 2 14 theme CAU 145:147 arg1 9143T 149:153 CAU 9143T 145:153 CAU 9143T 145:153 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 7 15 theme major 881:885 arg1 acid 902:905 the major cellular fatty acid 877:905 the major cellular fatty acid 877:905 The peptidoglycan type was A4a (l-Lys-D-Glu2) and the major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29099354 7 15 theme major 881:885 arg1  0 924:925  0 924:925  0 924:925 The peptidoglycan type was A4a (l-Lys-D-Glu2) and the major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29099354 11 16 theme =KCTC 1307:1311 arg1 13958T 1313:1318 =KCTC 13958T 1307:1318 =KCTC 13958T 1307:1318 The type strain is CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T). 29099354 11 16 theme =KCTC 1307:1311 arg1 8917T 1326:1330 =CECT 8917T 1320:1330 =CECT 8917T 1320:1330 The type strain is CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T). 29099354 8 17 theme 64.4 mol 952:959 arg1 G+C content 936:946 The DNA G+C content 928:946 The DNA G+C content 928:946 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 17 theme 64.4 mol 952:959 arg1 % 960:960 64.4 mol% 952:960 64.4 mol% 952:960 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 17 theme 64.4 mol 952:959 arg1 relatedness 987:997 DNA-DNA relatedness 979:997 DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T 979:1015 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 9 18 theme genus 1196:1200 arg1 Arthrobacter 1202:1213 the genus Arthrobacter 1192:1213 the genus Arthrobacter 1192:1213 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. 29099354 2 19 theme Korea 243:247 arg1 Republic 231:238 the Republic 227:238 the Republic of Korea 227:247 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 11 20 theme CAU 1296:1298 arg1 strain 1286:1291 The type strain 1277:1291 The type strain 1277:1291 The type strain is CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T). 29099354 11 20 theme CAU 1296:1298 arg1 9143T 1300:1304 CAU 9143T 1296:1304 CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T) 1296:1331 The type strain is CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T). 29099354 0 21 theme paludis 13:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Arthrobacter paludis sp 0:22 Arthrobacter paludis sp. 0:23 Arthrobacter paludis sp. 29099354 9 22 theme Arthrobacter 1202:1213 arg1 species 1181:1187 a novel species 1173:1187 a novel species 1173:1187 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. 29099354 5 23 theme Strain 545:550 arg1 9143T 556:560 Strain CAU 9143T 545:560 Strain CAU 9143T 545:560 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 4 24 theme gene 382:385 arg1 sequences 387:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 3 25 theme % 327:327 arg1 NaCl 335:338 1 % (w/v) NaCl 325:338 1 % (w/v) NaCl 325:338 Strain CAU 9143T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 29099354 5 26 theme CAU 552:554 arg1 9143T 556:560 Strain CAU 9143T 545:560 Strain CAU 9143T 545:560 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 8 27 theme DNA 932:934 arg1 G+C content 936:946 The DNA G+C content 928:946 The DNA G+C content 928:946 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 27 theme DNA 932:934 arg1 % 960:960 64.4 mol% 952:960 64.4 mol% 952:960 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 27 theme DNA 932:934 arg1 relatedness 987:997 DNA-DNA relatedness 979:997 DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T 979:1015 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 11 28 theme =CECT 1320:1324 arg1 13958T 1313:1318 =KCTC 13958T 1307:1318 =KCTC 13958T 1307:1318 The type strain is CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T). 29099354 11 28 theme =CECT 1320:1324 arg1 8917T 1326:1330 =CECT 8917T 1320:1330 =CECT 8917T 1320:1330 The type strain is CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T). 29099354 9 29 theme phenotypic 1100:1109 arg1 data 1139:1142 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data 1100:1142 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data 1100:1142 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. 29099354 3 30 theme Strain 250:255 arg1 9143T 261:265 Strain CAU 9143T 250:265 Strain CAU 9143T 250:265 Strain CAU 9143T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 29099354 2 31 attach isolated 160:167 arg2 bacterium 123:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium 54:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium 54:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 2 31 attach isolated 160:167 arg1 sample 188:193 a hydric soil sample 174:193 a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea 174:247 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 5 32 theme major 757:761 arg1 lipids 769:774 the major polar lipids 753:774 the major polar lipids 753:774 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 3 33 theme CAU 257:259 arg1 9143T 261:265 Strain CAU 9143T 250:265 Strain CAU 9143T 250:265 Strain CAU 9143T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 29099354 9 34 theme chemotaxonomic 1112:1125 arg1 data 1139:1142 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data 1100:1142 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data 1100:1142 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. 29099354 5 35 theme respiratory 607:617 arg1 quinone 619:625 the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol 597:652 quinone 619:625 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 35 theme respiratory 607:617 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 677:696 phosphatidylinositol 677:696 phosphatidylinositol 677:696 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 35 theme respiratory 607:617 arg1 phospholipids 736:748 two unidentified phospholipids 719:748 two unidentified phospholipids 719:748 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 35 theme respiratory 607:617 arg1 glycolipids 703:713 two glycolipids 699:713 two glycolipids 699:713 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 35 theme respiratory 607:617 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 655:674 phosphatidylglycerol 655:674 phosphatidylglycerol 655:674 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 35 theme respiratory 607:617 arg1 MK-9 584:587 menaquinone MK-9 572:587 menaquinone MK-9 (H2) 572:592 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 8 36 theme DNA-DNA 979:985 arg1 relatedness 987:997 DNA-DNA relatedness 979:997 DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T 979:1015 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 3 37 theme NaCl 335:338 arg1 presence 313:320 the presence 309:320 the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl 309:338 Strain CAU 9143T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 29099354 9 38 theme name 1230:1233 arg1 sp 1255:1256 the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp 1226:1256 the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp 1226:1256 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. 29099354 4 39 theme rRNA 377:380 arg1 sequences 387:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 2 40 theme Seogmo 210:215 arg1 Island 217:222 Seogmo Island 210:222 Seogmo Island 210:222 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 4 41 theme genus 444:448 arg1 Arthrobacter 450:461 the genus Arthrobacter 440:461 the genus Arthrobacter 440:461 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 9 42 theme Arthrobacterpaludis 1235:1253 arg1 sp 1255:1256 the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp 1226:1256 the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp 1226:1256 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. 29099354 4 43 theme 16S 373:375 arg1 sequences 387:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 16S rRNA gene sequences 373:395 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 11 44 dep 9143T 1300:1304 arg1 13958T 1313:1318 =KCTC 13958T 1307:1318 =KCTC 13958T 1307:1318 The type strain is CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T). 29099354 11 44 dep 9143T 1300:1304 arg1 8917T 1326:1330 =CECT 8917T 1320:1330 =CECT 8917T 1320:1330 The type strain is CAU 9143T (=KCTC 13958T,=CECT 8917T). 29099354 5 45 theme unidentified 723:734 arg1 phospholipids 736:748 two unidentified phospholipids 719:748 two unidentified phospholipids 719:748 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 45 theme unidentified 723:734 arg1 quinone 619:625 the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol 597:652 quinone 619:625 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 2 46 theme Gram-stain-positive 62:80 arg1 bacterium 123:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium 54:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium 54:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 2 47 dep Gram-stain-positive 62:80 arg1 non-endospore-forming 101:121 non-endospore-forming 101:121 non-endospore-forming 101:121 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 2 47 dep Gram-stain-positive 62:80 arg1 aerobic 92:98 aerobic 92:98 aerobic 92:98 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 9 48 theme strain 1145:1150 arg1 9143T 1156:1160 strain CAU 9143T 1145:1160 strain CAU 9143T 1145:1160 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. 29099354 9 49 theme genetic 1131:1137 arg1 data 1139:1142 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data 1100:1142 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data 1100:1142 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain CAU 9143T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacterpaludis sp. 29099354 2 50 theme novel 56:60 arg1 bacterium 123:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium 54:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium 54:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 8 51 theme CAU 1007:1009 arg1 9143T 1011:1015 CAU 9143T 1007:1015 CAU 9143T 1007:1015 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 2 52 theme soil 183:186 arg1 sample 188:193 a hydric soil sample 174:193 a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea 174:247 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 4 53 theme 97.1  525:529 arg1 % 530:530 % 530:530 % 530:530 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 2 54 theme hydric 176:181 arg1 sample 188:193 a hydric soil sample 174:193 a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea 174:247 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 9143T, was isolated from a hydric soil sample collected from Seogmo Island in the Republic of Korea. 29099354 7 55 theme peptidoglycan 831:843 arg1 type 845:848 The peptidoglycan type 827:848 The peptidoglycan type 827:848 The peptidoglycan type was A4a (l-Lys-D-Glu2) and the major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29099354 7 55 theme peptidoglycan 831:843 arg1 A4a 854:856 A4a 854:856 A4a (l-Lys-D-Glu2) 854:871 The peptidoglycan type was A4a (l-Lys-D-Glu2) and the major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 29099354 8 56 theme related 1038:1044 arg1 strain 1046:1051 the most closely related strain 1021:1051 the most closely related strain 1021:1051 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 56 theme related 1038:1044 arg1 % 1088:1088 22.3 % 1083:1088 22.3 % 1083:1088 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 56 theme related 1038:1044 arg1 SYP-A7299T 1067:1076 SYP-A7299T 1067:1076 SYP-A7299T 1067:1076 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 8 56 theme related 1038:1044 arg1 relatedness 987:997 DNA-DNA relatedness 979:997 DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T 979:1015 The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol% and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between CAU 9143T and the most closely related strain, A. ginkgonis SYP-A7299T, was 22.3 %. 29099354 4 57 theme phylogenetic 345:356 arg1 trees 358:362 The phylogenetic trees 341:362 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 341:395 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 5 58 theme polar 763:767 arg1 lipids 769:774 the major polar lipids 753:774 the major polar lipids 753:774 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 59 contain contained 562:570 arg2 MK-9 584:587 menaquinone MK-9 572:587 menaquinone MK-9 (H2) 572:592 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 59 contain contained 562:570 arg2 quinone 619:625 the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol 597:652 quinone 619:625 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 59 contain contained 562:570 arg2 H2 590:591 H2 590:591 H2 590:591 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 5 59 contain contained 562:570 arg1 9143T 556:560 Strain CAU 9143T 545:560 Strain CAU 9143T 545:560 Strain CAU 9143T contained menaquinone MK-9 (H2) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids as the major polar lipids. 29099354 4 60 theme CAU 418:420 arg1 9143T 422:426 strain CAU 9143T 411:426 strain CAU 9143T 411:426 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 3 61 theme 1  325:326 arg1 % 327:327 % 327:327 % 327:327 Strain CAU 9143T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 29099354 4 62 theme % 530:530 arg1 SYP-A7299T 513:522 Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T 490:522 Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity) 490:542 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29099354 4 62 theme % 530:530 arg1 similarity 532:541 97.1 % similarity 525:541 97.1 % similarity 525:541 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9143T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter ginkgonis SYP-A7299T (97.1 % similarity). 29028798 0 0 theme factor 87:92 arg1 -Implications 117:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications 79:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition 79:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 9 1 theme saliva 1338:1343 arg1 concentrations 1353:1366 significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations 1312:1366 significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA 1312:1439 ELISA demonstrated significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA. 29028798 0 2 theme trefoil 79:85 arg1 -Implications 117:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications 79:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition 79:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 11 3 theme significant 1525:1535 arg1 changes 1537:1543 No significant changes 1522:1543 No significant changes 1522:1543 No significant changes were observed with regard to TFF2. 29028798 12 4 theme uvula 1798:1802 arg1 epithelium 1748:1757 epithelium 1748:1757 epithelium 1748:1757 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 12 4 theme uvula 1798:1802 arg1 glands 1784:1789 subepithelial mucous glands 1763:1789 subepithelial mucous glands 1763:1789 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 7 5 theme uvula 1145:1149 arg1 samples 1151:1157 all uvula samples 1141:1157 all uvula samples 1141:1157 RESULTS TFF3 was detected in all uvula samples. 29028798 5 6 theme uvula 918:922 arg1 samples 924:930 uvula samples 918:930 uvula samples 918:930 METHODS RT-PCR, Western-blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed to detect and quantify TFF3 and -2 in uvula samples. 29028798 0 7 theme peptide 101:107 arg1 -Implications 117:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications 79:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition 79:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 10 8 theme OSA 1466:1468 arg1 factors 1455:1461 Predisposing factors 1442:1461 Predisposing factors of OSA such as BMI or age 1442:1487 Predisposing factors of OSA such as BMI or age showed no correlation with TFF3. 29028798 10 8 theme OSA 1466:1468 arg1 age 1485:1487 age 1485:1487 age 1485:1487 Predisposing factors of OSA such as BMI or age showed no correlation with TFF3. 29028798 10 8 theme OSA 1466:1468 arg1 BMI 1478:1480 BMI 1478:1480 BMI 1478:1480 Predisposing factors of OSA such as BMI or age showed no correlation with TFF3. 29028798 3 9 theme peptides 510:517 arg1 " 518:518 linker peptides" 503:518 "linker peptides" 502:518 Moreover, TFFs are associated with mucins and interact with them as "linker peptides", thereby influencing mucus viscosity. 29028798 9 10 theme higher 1326:1331 arg1 concentrations 1353:1366 significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations 1312:1366 significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA 1312:1439 ELISA demonstrated significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA. 29028798 9 11 theme healthy 1375:1381 arg1 group 1391:1395 the healthy control group 1371:1395 the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA 1371:1439 ELISA demonstrated significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA. 29028798 0 12 theme family 94:99 arg1 -Implications 117:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications 79:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition 79:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 2 13 contain carry 330:334 arg2 anti-apoptosis 399:412 anti-apoptosis 399:412 anti-apoptosis 399:412 TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. 29028798 2 13 contain carry 330:334 arg2 functions 340:348 functions 340:348 functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing 340:431 TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. 29028798 2 13 contain carry 330:334 arg2 proliferation 358:370 proliferation 358:370 proliferation 358:370 TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. 29028798 2 13 contain carry 330:334 arg2 migration 376:384 migration 376:384 migration 376:384 TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. 29028798 2 13 contain carry 330:334 arg1 peptides 321:328 TFF peptides 317:328 TFF peptides 317:328 TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. 29028798 2 13 contain carry 330:334 arg2 healing 425:431 wound healing 419:431 wound healing 419:431 TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. 29028798 12 14 dep CONCLUSIONS 1580:1590 arg1 lead 1684:1687 lead 1684:1687 lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization 1684:1890 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 12 14 dep CONCLUSIONS 1580:1590 arg1 suggest 1604:1610 suggest 1604:1610 suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA 1604:1678 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 4 15 from changes 708:714 arg1 viscosity 725:733 mucus viscosity 719:733 mucus viscosity 719:733 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 12 16 dep epithelium 1748:1757 arg1 the 1744:1746 the 1744:1746 the 1744:1746 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 9 17 with cases 1409:1413 arg1 rhonchopathy 1420:1431 rhonchopathy 1420:1431 rhonchopathy 1420:1431 ELISA demonstrated significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA. 29028798 9 17 with cases 1409:1413 arg1 OSA 1437:1439 OSA 1437:1439 OSA 1437:1439 ELISA demonstrated significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA. 29028798 0 18 from changes 134:140 arg1 composition 156:166 oral mucus composition 145:166 oral mucus composition 145:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 8 19 theme antibody 1216:1223 arg1 reactivity 1225:1234 a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity 1190:1234 a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity of the uvula epithelia with increasing disease severity 1190:1290 Immunohistochemistry revealed a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity of the uvula epithelia with increasing disease severity. 29028798 8 20 theme decreasing 1205:1214 arg1 reactivity 1225:1234 a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity 1190:1234 a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity of the uvula epithelia with increasing disease severity 1190:1290 Immunohistochemistry revealed a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity of the uvula epithelia with increasing disease severity. 29028798 4 21 theme mucus 719:723 arg1 viscosity 725:733 mucus viscosity 719:733 mucus viscosity 719:733 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 6 22 theme moderate 989:996 arg1 OSA 1008:1010 mild, moderate or severe OSA 983:1010 mild, moderate or severe OSA 983:1010 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 6 23 theme severe 1001:1006 arg1 OSA 1008:1010 mild, moderate or severe OSA 983:1010 mild, moderate or severe OSA 983:1010 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 9 24 theme control 1383:1389 arg1 group 1391:1395 the healthy control group 1371:1395 the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA 1371:1439 ELISA demonstrated significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA. 29028798 4 25 theme airway 768:773 arg1 resistance 775:784 upper airway resistance 762:784 upper airway resistance during breathing 762:801 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 6 26 from patients 969:976 arg1 samples 1024:1030 samples 1024:1030 samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers 1024:1085 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 6 26 from patients 969:976 arg1 samples 956:962 99 saliva samples 946:962 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA 946:1010 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 3 27 theme linker 503:508 arg1 " 518:518 linker peptides" 503:518 "linker peptides" 502:518 Moreover, TFFs are associated with mucins and interact with them as "linker peptides", thereby influencing mucus viscosity. 29028798 0 28 theme sleep 12:16 arg1 apnea 18:22 Obstructive sleep apnea 0:22 Obstructive sleep apnea 0:22 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 10 29 with correlation 1499:1509 arg1 TFF3 1516:1519 TFF3 1516:1519 TFF3 1516:1519 Predisposing factors of OSA such as BMI or age showed no correlation with TFF3. 29028798 6 30 theme healthy 1068:1074 arg1 volunteers 1076:1085 healthy volunteers 1068:1085 healthy volunteers 1068:1085 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 9 31 from concentrations 1353:1366 arg1 group 1391:1395 the healthy control group 1371:1395 the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA 1371:1439 ELISA demonstrated significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA. 29028798 1 32 theme STUDY 169:173 arg1 OBJECTIVES 175:184 STUDY OBJECTIVES 169:184 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 169:315 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 0 33 theme Obstructive 0:10 arg1 apnea 18:22 Obstructive sleep apnea 0:22 Obstructive sleep apnea 0:22 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 1 34 theme mucin-associated 247:262 arg1 peptides 264:271 mucin-associated peptides 247:271 mucin-associated peptides 247:271 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 7 35 located detected 1129:1136 arg1 samples 1151:1157 all uvula samples 1141:1157 all uvula samples 1141:1157 RESULTS TFF3 was detected in all uvula samples. 29028798 7 35 located detected 1129:1136 arg2 TFF3 1120:1123 RESULTS TFF3 1112:1123 RESULTS TFF3 1112:1123 RESULTS TFF3 was detected in all uvula samples. 29028798 3 36 theme mucus 541:545 arg1 viscosity 547:555 mucus viscosity 541:555 mucus viscosity 541:555 Moreover, TFFs are associated with mucins and interact with them as "linker peptides", thereby influencing mucus viscosity. 29028798 2 37 theme wound 419:423 arg1 healing 425:431 wound healing 419:431 wound healing 419:431 TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. 29028798 1 38 theme peptides 264:271 arg1 family 237:242 the family 233:242 the family of mucin-associated peptides 233:271 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 6 39 from patients 1050:1057 arg1 samples 1024:1030 samples 1024:1030 samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers 1024:1085 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 6 39 from patients 1050:1057 arg1 samples 956:962 99 saliva samples 946:962 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA 946:1010 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 1 40 theme Trefoil 186:192 arg1 peptides 214:221 Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides 186:221 Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides 186:221 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 4 41 theme -2 680:681 arg1 expression 657:666 the expression 653:666 the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing 653:801 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 12 42 theme production 1730:1739 arg1 reduction 1712:1720 reduction 1712:1720 reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula 1712:1802 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 0 43 theme TFF3 112:115 arg1 -Implications 117:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications 79:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition 79:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 8 44 theme epithelia 1249:1257 arg1 reactivity 1225:1234 a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity 1190:1234 a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity of the uvula epithelia with increasing disease severity 1190:1290 Immunohistochemistry revealed a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity of the uvula epithelia with increasing disease severity. 29028798 12 45 theme OSA 1676:1678 arg1 pathogenesis 1643:1654 the pathogenesis 1639:1654 the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA 1639:1678 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 1 46 theme factor 194:199 arg1 peptides 214:221 Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides 186:221 Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides 186:221 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 12 47 theme mucus 1873:1877 arg1 organization 1879:1890 mucus organization 1873:1890 mucus organization 1873:1890 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 0 48 from composition 156:166 arg1 -Implications 117:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications 79:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition 79:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 10 49 theme Predisposing 1442:1453 arg1 factors 1455:1461 Predisposing factors 1442:1461 Predisposing factors of OSA such as BMI or age 1442:1487 Predisposing factors of OSA such as BMI or age showed no correlation with TFF3. 29028798 10 49 theme Predisposing 1442:1453 arg1 age 1485:1487 age 1485:1487 age 1485:1487 Predisposing factors of OSA such as BMI or age showed no correlation with TFF3. 29028798 10 49 theme Predisposing 1442:1453 arg1 BMI 1478:1480 BMI 1478:1480 BMI 1478:1480 Predisposing factors of OSA such as BMI or age showed no correlation with TFF3. 29028798 4 50 theme sleep 618:622 arg1 OSA 631:633 OSA 631:633 OSA 631:633 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 4 50 theme sleep 618:622 arg1 apnea 624:628 obstructive sleep apnea 606:628 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) 606:634 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 12 51 from change 1863:1868 arg1 organization 1879:1890 mucus organization 1873:1890 mucus organization 1873:1890 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 1 52 theme family 201:206 arg1 peptides 214:221 Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides 186:221 Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides 186:221 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 0 53 theme -Implications 117:129 arg1 downregulation 61:74 downregulation 61:74 downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition 61:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 1 54 dep OBJECTIVES 175:184 arg1 belong 223:228 belong 223:228 belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides 223:271 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 1 54 dep OBJECTIVES 175:184 arg1 expressed 281:289 expressed 281:289 are expressed in most mucosal surfaces 277:314 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 4 55 theme obstructive 606:616 arg1 OSA 631:633 OSA 631:633 OSA 631:633 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 4 55 theme obstructive 606:616 arg1 apnea 624:628 obstructive sleep apnea 606:628 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) 606:634 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 4 56 theme upper 762:766 arg1 resistance 775:784 upper airway resistance 762:784 upper airway resistance during breathing 762:801 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 6 57 from volunteers 1076:1085 arg1 samples 1024:1030 samples 1024:1030 samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers 1024:1085 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 6 57 from volunteers 1076:1085 arg1 samples 956:962 99 saliva samples 946:962 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA 946:1010 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 6 58 theme rhonchopathy 1037:1048 arg1 patients 1050:1057 rhonchopathy patients 1037:1057 rhonchopathy patients 1037:1057 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 12 59 theme subepithelial 1763:1775 arg1 glands 1784:1789 subepithelial mucous glands 1763:1789 subepithelial mucous glands 1763:1789 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 1 60 theme most 294:297 arg1 surfaces 307:314 most mucosal surfaces 294:314 most mucosal surfaces 294:314 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 0 61 theme changes 134:140 arg1 -Implications 117:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications 79:129 trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition 79:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 6 62 with patients 969:976 arg1 OSA 1008:1010 mild, moderate or severe OSA 983:1010 mild, moderate or severe OSA 983:1010 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 5 63 dep METHODS 804:810 arg1 immunohistochemistry 834:853 immunohistochemistry 834:853 immunohistochemistry 834:853 METHODS RT-PCR, Western-blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed to detect and quantify TFF3 and -2 in uvula samples. 29028798 5 63 dep METHODS 804:810 arg1 METHODS 804:810 METHODS RT-PCR, Western-blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA 804:863 METHODS RT-PCR, Western-blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA 804:863 METHODS RT-PCR, Western-blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed to detect and quantify TFF3 and -2 in uvula samples. 29028798 5 63 dep METHODS 804:810 arg1 Western-blot 820:831 Western-blot 820:831 Western-blot 820:831 METHODS RT-PCR, Western-blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed to detect and quantify TFF3 and -2 in uvula samples. 29028798 5 63 dep METHODS 804:810 arg1 RT-PCR 812:817 RT-PCR 812:817 RT-PCR 812:817 METHODS RT-PCR, Western-blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed to detect and quantify TFF3 and -2 in uvula samples. 29028798 5 63 dep METHODS 804:810 arg1 ELISA 859:863 ELISA 859:863 ELISA 859:863 METHODS RT-PCR, Western-blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed to detect and quantify TFF3 and -2 in uvula samples. 29028798 4 64 from increase 750:757 arg1 resistance 775:784 upper airway resistance 762:784 upper airway resistance during breathing 762:801 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 2 65 theme TFF 317:319 arg1 peptides 321:328 TFF peptides 317:328 TFF peptides 317:328 TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. 29028798 1 66 theme mucosal 299:305 arg1 surfaces 307:314 most mucosal surfaces 294:314 most mucosal surfaces 294:314 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 0 67 theme mucus 150:154 arg1 composition 156:166 oral mucus composition 145:166 oral mucus composition 145:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 2 68 dep proliferation 358:370 arg1 enhancement 386:396 enhancement 386:396 enhancement 386:396 TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. 29028798 6 69 theme saliva 949:954 arg1 samples 956:962 99 saliva samples 946:962 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA 946:1010 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 12 70 from involvement 1616:1626 arg1 pathogenesis 1643:1654 the pathogenesis 1639:1654 the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA 1639:1678 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 1 71 theme TFF 209:211 arg1 peptides 214:221 Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides 186:221 Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides 186:221 STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. 29028798 0 72 theme oral 145:148 arg1 composition 156:166 oral mucus composition 145:166 oral mucus composition 145:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 8 73 theme disease 1275:1281 arg1 severity 1283:1290 disease severity 1275:1290 disease severity 1275:1290 Immunohistochemistry revealed a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity of the uvula epithelia with increasing disease severity. 29028798 12 74 theme TFF3 1725:1728 arg1 production 1730:1739 TFF3 production 1725:1739 TFF3 production 1725:1739 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 4 75 theme TFF3 671:674 arg1 expression 657:666 the expression 653:666 the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing 653:801 To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. 29028798 0 76 from -Implications 117:129 arg1 composition 156:166 oral mucus composition 145:166 oral mucus composition 145:166 Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. 29028798 12 77 theme mucous 1777:1782 arg1 glands 1784:1789 subepithelial mucous glands 1763:1789 subepithelial mucous glands 1763:1789 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 6 78 theme mild 983:986 arg1 OSA 1008:1010 mild, moderate or severe OSA 983:1010 mild, moderate or severe OSA 983:1010 In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. 29028798 8 79 theme uvula 1243:1247 arg1 epithelia 1249:1257 the uvula epithelia 1239:1257 the uvula epithelia 1239:1257 Immunohistochemistry revealed a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity of the uvula epithelia with increasing disease severity. 29028798 12 80 theme rhonchopathy 1659:1670 arg1 pathogenesis 1643:1654 the pathogenesis 1639:1654 the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA 1639:1678 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 9 81 theme protein 1345:1351 arg1 concentrations 1353:1366 significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations 1312:1366 significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA 1312:1439 ELISA demonstrated significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA. 29028798 9 82 theme TFF3 1333:1336 arg1 concentrations 1353:1366 significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations 1312:1366 significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA 1312:1439 ELISA demonstrated significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA. 29028798 12 83 theme TFF3 1631:1634 arg1 involvement 1616:1626 the involvement 1612:1626 the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA 1612:1678 CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization. 29028798 7 84 theme RESULTS 1112:1118 arg1 TFF3 1120:1123 RESULTS TFF3 1112:1123 RESULTS TFF3 1112:1123 RESULTS TFF3 was detected in all uvula samples. 28945542 8 0 theme rRNA 884:887 arg1 sequences 894:902 16S rRNA gene sequences 880:902 16S rRNA gene sequences 880:902 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BH128T belonged to the genus Salirhabdus and showed highest similarity to Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T (95.8 %). 28945542 7 1 theme 36.5 mol 838:845 arg1 % 846:846 36.5 mol% 838:846 36.5 mol% 838:846 The DNA G+C content was 36.5 mol%. 28945542 7 1 theme 36.5 mol 838:845 arg1 content 826:832 The DNA G+C content 814:832 The DNA G+C content 814:832 The DNA G+C content was 36.5 mol%. 28945542 4 2 theme diagnostic 559:568 arg1 acid 578:581 the diagnostic diamino acid 555:581 the diagnostic diamino acid 555:581 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 8 3 theme Salirhabduseuzebyi 1000:1017 arg1 CVS-14T 1019:1025 Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T 1000:1025 Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T 1000:1025 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BH128T belonged to the genus Salirhabdus and showed highest similarity to Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T (95.8 %). 28945542 2 4 dep Gram-stain-positive 84:102 arg1 halotolerant 105:116 halotolerant 105:116 halotolerant 105:116 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 8 5 theme 16S 880:882 arg1 sequences 894:902 16S rRNA gene sequences 880:902 16S rRNA gene sequences 880:902 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BH128T belonged to the genus Salirhabdus and showed highest similarity to Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T (95.8 %). 28945542 7 6 theme G+C 822:824 arg1 % 846:846 36.5 mol% 838:846 36.5 mol% 838:846 The DNA G+C content was 36.5 mol%. 28945542 7 6 theme G+C 822:824 arg1 content 826:832 The DNA G+C content 814:832 The DNA G+C content 814:832 The DNA G+C content was 36.5 mol%. 28945542 3 7 theme optimum 395:401 arg1 NaCl 389:392 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl 376:392 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl) 376:412 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 3 7 theme optimum 395:401 arg1 NaCl 408:411 optimum, 8 % NaCl 395:411 NaCl 408:411 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 5 8 theme major 588:592 arg1 acids 600:604 The major fatty acids 584:604 The major fatty acids 584:604 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28945542 5 8 theme major 588:592 arg1 iso-C15  611:618 iso-C15  611:618 iso-C15  611:618 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28945542 5 9 theme fatty 594:598 arg1 acids 600:604 The major fatty acids 584:604 The major fatty acids 584:604 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28945542 5 9 theme fatty 594:598 arg1 iso-C15  611:618 iso-C15  611:618 iso-C15  611:618 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28945542 8 10 theme gene 889:892 arg1 sequences 894:902 16S rRNA gene sequences 880:902 16S rRNA gene sequences 880:902 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BH128T belonged to the genus Salirhabdus and showed highest similarity to Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T (95.8 %). 28945542 11 11 theme type 1274:1277 arg1 BH128T 1289:1294 BH128T 1289:1294 BH128T (=KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T) 1289:1322 The type strain is BH128T (=KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T). 28945542 11 11 theme type 1274:1277 arg1 strain 1279:1284 The type strain 1270:1284 The type strain 1270:1284 The type strain is BH128T (=KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T). 28945542 4 12 theme cell-wall 484:492 arg1 type 508:511 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 480:511 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 480:511 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 4 12 theme cell-wall 484:492 arg1 A1γ 517:519 A1γ 517:519 A1γ 517:519 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 3 13 theme % 406:406 arg1 NaCl 389:392 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl 376:392 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl) 376:412 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 3 13 theme % 406:406 arg1 NaCl 408:411 optimum, 8 % NaCl 395:411 NaCl 408:411 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 2 14 theme strain 140:145 arg1 BH128T 147:152 strain BH128T 140:152 strain BH128T 140:152 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 3 15 dep optimum 338:344 arg1 pH 347:348 pH 7.0 347:352 pH 7.0 347:352 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 8 16 dep showed 971:976 arg1 % 1033:1033 95.8 % 1028:1033 95.8 % 1028:1033 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BH128T belonged to the genus Salirhabdus and showed highest similarity to Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T (95.8 %). 28945542 9 17 theme chemotaxonomic 1086:1099 arg1 analyses 1101:1108 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1053:1108 analyses 1101:1108 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 0 18 theme salicampi 12:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Salirhabdus salicampi sp 0:23 Salirhabdus salicampi sp. 0:24 Salirhabdus salicampi sp. 28945542 4 19 theme isoprenoid 431:440 arg1 menaquinone-7 454:466 menaquinone-7 454:466 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 454:473 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 4 19 theme isoprenoid 431:440 arg1 quinone 442:448 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 415:448 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 415:448 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 8 20 theme Phylogenetic 849:860 arg1 analyses 862:869 Phylogenetic analyses 849:869 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 849:902 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BH128T belonged to the genus Salirhabdus and showed highest similarity to Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T (95.8 %). 28945542 2 21 from Island 209:214 arg1 Korea 230:234 south-west Korea 219:234 south-west Korea 219:234 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 2 21 from Island 209:214 arg1 located 191:197 located 191:197 located 191:197 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 4 22 theme meso-diaminopimelic 527:545 arg1 acid 547:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid 527:581 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 0 23 theme Salirhabdus 0:10 arg1 sp 22:23 Salirhabdus salicampi sp 0:23 Salirhabdus salicampi sp. 0:24 Salirhabdus salicampi sp. 28945542 4 24 theme predominant 419:429 arg1 menaquinone-7 454:466 menaquinone-7 454:466 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 454:473 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 4 24 theme predominant 419:429 arg1 quinone 442:448 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 415:448 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 415:448 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 8 25 theme strain 919:924 arg1 BH128T 926:931 strain BH128T 919:931 strain BH128T 919:931 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BH128T belonged to the genus Salirhabdus and showed highest similarity to Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T (95.8 %). 28945542 9 26 theme phylogenetic 1057:1068 arg1 analyses 1101:1108 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1053:1108 analyses 1101:1108 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 7 27 theme DNA 818:820 arg1 % 846:846 36.5 mol% 838:846 36.5 mol% 838:846 The DNA G+C content was 36.5 mol%. 28945542 7 27 theme DNA 818:820 arg1 content 826:832 The DNA G+C content 814:832 The DNA G+C content 814:832 The DNA G+C content was 36.5 mol%. 28945542 11 28 theme =KACC 1297:1301 arg1 BH128T 1289:1294 BH128T 1289:1294 BH128T (=KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T) 1289:1322 The type strain is BH128T (=KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T). 28945542 11 28 theme =KACC 1297:1301 arg1 111874T 1315:1321 =KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T 1297:1321 =KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T 1297:1321 The type strain is BH128T (=KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T). 28945542 4 29 theme peptidoglycan 494:506 arg1 type 508:511 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 480:511 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 480:511 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 4 29 theme peptidoglycan 494:506 arg1 A1γ 517:519 A1γ 517:519 A1γ 517:519 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 9 30 theme phenotypic 1071:1080 arg1 analyses 1101:1108 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1053:1108 analyses 1101:1108 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 3 31 theme % 381:381 arg1 NaCl 389:392 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl 376:392 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl) 376:412 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 3 31 theme % 381:381 arg1 NaCl 408:411 optimum, 8 % NaCl 395:411 NaCl 408:411 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 4 32 theme diamino 570:576 arg1 acid 578:581 the diagnostic diamino acid 555:581 the diagnostic diamino acid 555:581 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 5 33 dep iso-C15  611:618 arg1  0 670:671  0 670:671  0 670:671 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28945542 5 33 dep iso-C15  611:618 arg1  0 620:621  0 620:621  0 620:621 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28945542 5 33 dep iso-C15  611:618 arg1 anteiso-C17  657:668 anteiso-C17  657:668 anteiso-C17  657:668 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28945542 5 33 dep iso-C15  611:618 arg1  0 650:651  0 650:651  0 650:651 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28945542 5 33 dep iso-C15  611:618 arg1  0 637:638  0 637:638  0 637:638 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28945542 6 34 theme lipid 684:688 arg1 pattern 690:696 The polar lipid pattern 674:696 The polar lipid pattern 674:696 The polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unknown phospholipids. 28945542 2 35 theme Gram-stain-positive 84:102 arg1 bacterium 118:126 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium 82:126 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium 82:126 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 3 36 theme aerobic 248:254 arg1 rods 279:282 aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods 248:282 aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods 248:282 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 6 37 theme polar 678:682 arg1 pattern 690:696 The polar lipid pattern 674:696 The polar lipid pattern 674:696 The polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unknown phospholipids. 28945542 2 38 attach isolated 159:166 arg1 soil 173:176 soil 173:176 soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea 173:234 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 2 38 attach isolated 159:166 arg2 bacterium 118:126 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium 82:126 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium 82:126 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 9 39 theme Salirhabdus 1195:1205 arg1 species 1174:1180 a novel species 1166:1180 a novel species 1166:1180 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 3 40 dep optimum 306:312 arg1 35 °C 315:319 35 °C 315:319 35 °C 315:319 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 4 41 with A1γ 517:519 arg1 acid 547:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid 527:581 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 2 42 theme Bigeum 202:207 arg1 Island 209:214 Bigeum Island 202:214 Bigeum Island in south-west Korea 202:234 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 8 43 theme highest 978:984 arg1 similarity 986:995 highest similarity 978:995 highest similarity 978:995 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BH128T belonged to the genus Salirhabdus and showed highest similarity to Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T (95.8 %). 28945542 6 44 theme unknown 791:797 arg1 phospholipids 799:811 four unknown phospholipids 786:811 four unknown phospholipids 786:811 The polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unknown phospholipids. 28945542 2 45 theme located 191:197 arg1 saltern 183:189 a saltern 181:189 a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea 181:234 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 3 46 theme NaCl 389:392 arg1 salinities 362:371 salinities 362:371 salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl) 362:412 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 1 47 theme halotolerant 34:45 arg1 bacterium 47:55 a halotolerant bacterium 32:55 a halotolerant bacterium 32:55 nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from a saltern. 28945542 1 47 theme halotolerant 34:45 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from a saltern. 28945542 8 48 theme genus 949:953 arg1 Salirhabdus 955:965 the genus Salirhabdus 945:965 the genus Salirhabdus 945:965 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BH128T belonged to the genus Salirhabdus and showed highest similarity to Salirhabduseuzebyi CVS-14T (95.8 %). 28945542 2 49 theme saltern 183:189 arg1 soil 173:176 soil 173:176 soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea 173:234 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 9 50 theme genus 1189:1193 arg1 Salirhabdus 1195:1205 the genus Salirhabdus 1185:1205 the genus Salirhabdus 1185:1205 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 9 51 dep analyses 1101:1108 arg1 the 1040:1042 the 1040:1042 the 1040:1042 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 9 51 dep analyses 1101:1108 arg1 basis 1044:1048 basis 1044:1048 basis 1044:1048 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 3 52 theme w/v 384:386 arg1 NaCl 389:392 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl 376:392 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl) 376:412 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 3 52 theme w/v 384:386 arg1 NaCl 408:411 optimum, 8 % NaCl 395:411 NaCl 408:411 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 11 53 theme 18690T=NBRC 1303:1313 arg1 BH128T 1289:1294 BH128T 1289:1294 BH128T (=KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T) 1289:1322 The type strain is BH128T (=KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T). 28945542 11 53 theme 18690T=NBRC 1303:1313 arg1 111874T 1315:1321 =KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T 1297:1321 =KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T 1297:1321 The type strain is BH128T (=KACC 18690T=NBRC 111874T). 28945542 9 54 theme name 1222:1225 arg1 sp 1248:1249 the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp 1218:1249 the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp 1218:1249 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 4 55 with menaquinone-7 454:466 arg1 acid 547:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid 527:550 meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid 527:581 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28945542 9 56 theme Salirhabdussalicampi 1227:1246 arg1 sp 1248:1249 the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp 1218:1249 the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp 1218:1249 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 3 57 dep aerobic 248:254 arg1 spore-forming 265:277 spore-forming 265:277 spore-forming 265:277 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 3 57 dep aerobic 248:254 arg1 motile 257:262 motile 257:262 motile 257:262 Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming rods and grew at 15-53 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 % NaCl). 28945542 9 58 theme strain 1125:1130 arg1 BH128T 1132:1137 strain BH128T 1125:1137 strain BH128T 1125:1137 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 2 59 theme south-west 219:228 arg1 Korea 230:234 south-west Korea 219:234 south-west Korea 219:234 A Gram-stain-positive, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain BH128T, was isolated from soil of a saltern located at Bigeum Island in south-west Korea. 28945542 9 60 theme novel 1168:1172 arg1 species 1174:1180 a novel species 1166:1180 a novel species 1166:1180 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 28945542 9 61 from analyses 1101:1108 arg1 study 1118:1122 this study 1113:1122 this study 1113:1122 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses in this study, strain BH128T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salirhabdus, for which the name Salirhabdussalicampi sp. 27216930 4 0 theme rRNA 488:491 arg1 similarity 498:507 the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity 472:507 the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity 472:507 Similarity searches revealed that the strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (95.9 %). 27216930 12 1 theme analyses 1401:1408 arg1 results 1346:1352 The results 1342:1352 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1342:1408 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 7 2 theme MK-8 923:926 arg1 H2 937:938 H2 937:938 H2 937:938 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 7 2 theme MK-8 923:926 arg1 MK-9 932:935 MK-9 932:935 MK-9(H2) 932:939 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 7 2 theme MK-8 923:926 arg1 MK-8 923:926 MK-8 923:926 MK-8 923:926 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 7 2 theme MK-8 923:926 arg1 amounts 912:918 small amounts 906:918 small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2) 906:939 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 2 3 theme unknown 336:342 arg1 source 344:349 an unknown source 333:349 an unknown source 333:349 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 7 4 theme respiratory 843:853 arg1 quinones 855:862 The respiratory quinones 839:862 The respiratory quinones 839:862 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 8 5 theme unidentified 1098:1109 arg1 lipids 1111:1116 two unidentified lipids 1094:1116 two unidentified lipids 1094:1116 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 5 6 theme strain 640:645 arg1 S01T 647:650 strain S01T 640:650 strain S01T 640:650 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 7 7 theme small 906:910 arg1 H2 937:938 H2 937:938 H2 937:938 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 7 7 theme small 906:910 arg1 MK-9 932:935 MK-9 932:935 MK-9(H2) 932:939 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 7 7 theme small 906:910 arg1 MK-8 923:926 MK-8 923:926 MK-8 923:926 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 7 7 theme small 906:910 arg1 amounts 912:918 small amounts 906:918 small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2) 906:939 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 10 8 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1185:1203 arg1 acid 1205:1208 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1185:1208 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1185:1208 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 27216930 4 9 dep Corynebacterium 514:528 arg1 humireducens 530:541 humireducens 530:541 humireducens 530:541 Similarity searches revealed that the strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (95.9 %). 27216930 14 10 theme type 1569:1572 arg1 strain 1574:1579 The type strain 1565:1579 The type strain 1565:1579 The type strain is S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T). 27216930 14 10 theme type 1569:1572 arg1 S01T 1584:1587 S01T 1584:1587 S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T) 1584:1634 The type strain is S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T). 27216930 6 11 theme fatty 778:782 arg1 C16:0 805:809 C16:0 805:809 C16:0 805:809 The major fatty acids were C18:1ω9c, C16:0, 10-methyl C18:0 and C18:0. 27216930 6 11 theme fatty 778:782 arg1 acids 784:788 The major fatty acids 768:788 The major fatty acids 768:788 The major fatty acids were C18:1ω9c, C16:0, 10-methyl C18:0 and C18:0. 27216930 12 12 theme Corynebacterium 1513:1527 arg1 sp 1543:1544 the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp 1504:1544 the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp 1504:1544 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 2 13 theme strain 169:174 arg1 S01T 176:179 strain S01T 169:179 strain S01T 169:179 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 12 14 theme phenotypic 1357:1366 arg1 analyses 1401:1408 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1357:1408 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1357:1408 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 6 15 theme major 772:776 arg1 C16:0 805:809 C16:0 805:809 C16:0 805:809 The major fatty acids were C18:1ω9c, C16:0, 10-methyl C18:0 and C18:0. 27216930 6 15 theme major 772:776 arg1 acids 784:788 The major fatty acids 768:788 The major fatty acids 768:788 The major fatty acids were C18:1ω9c, C16:0, 10-methyl C18:0 and C18:0. 27216930 1 16 theme contaminated 56:67 arg1 plate 69:73 a contaminated plate 54:73 a contaminated plate 54:73 nov., isolated from a contaminated plate. 27216930 12 17 theme name 1508:1511 arg1 sp 1543:1544 the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp 1504:1544 the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp 1504:1544 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 12 18 theme chemotaxonomic 1386:1399 arg1 analyses 1401:1408 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1357:1408 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1357:1408 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 5 19 theme rRNA 608:611 arg1 sequences 618:626 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 600:626 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 600:626 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 5 20 theme 16S 604:606 arg1 sequences 618:626 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 600:626 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 600:626 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 5 21 theme Corynebacterium 725:739 arg1 17018T 751:756 Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T 725:756 Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %) 725:765 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 5 21 theme Corynebacterium 725:739 arg1 % 764:764 94.8 % 759:764 94.8 % 759:764 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 4 22 theme 16S 484:486 arg1 similarity 498:507 the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity 472:507 the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity 472:507 Similarity searches revealed that the strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (95.9 %). 27216930 5 23 theme gene 613:616 arg1 sequences 618:626 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 600:626 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 600:626 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 12 24 theme phylogenetic 1369:1380 arg1 analyses 1401:1408 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1357:1408 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1357:1408 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 11 25 theme strain 1311:1316 arg1 S01T 1318:1321 strain S01T 1311:1321 strain S01T 1311:1321 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 4 26 theme highest 476:482 arg1 similarity 498:507 the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity 472:507 the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity 472:507 Similarity searches revealed that the strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (95.9 %). 27216930 10 27 contain contained 1175:1183 arg2 acid 1205:1208 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1185:1208 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1185:1208 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 27216930 10 27 contain contained 1175:1183 arg1 peptidoglycan 1161:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1147:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1147:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 27216930 14 28 theme 1.1022T=CCTCC 1597:1609 arg1 39608T 1628:1633 =GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T 1590:1633 =GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T 1590:1633 The type strain is S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T). 27216930 14 28 theme 1.1022T=CCTCC 1597:1609 arg1 S01T 1584:1587 S01T 1584:1587 S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T) 1584:1634 The type strain is S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T). 27216930 11 29 theme S01T 1318:1321 arg1 content 1300:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content 1280:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T 1280:1321 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 11 29 theme S01T 1318:1321 arg1 % 1339:1339 70.7±0.1 mol% 1327:1339 70.7±0.1 mol% 1327:1339 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 11 30 theme genomic 1284:1290 arg1 content 1300:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content 1280:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T 1280:1321 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 11 30 theme genomic 1284:1290 arg1 % 1339:1339 70.7±0.1 mol% 1327:1339 70.7±0.1 mol% 1327:1339 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 5 31 theme phylogenetic 569:580 arg1 analysis 582:589 phylogenetic analysis 569:589 phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences 569:626 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 11 32 theme DNA 1292:1294 arg1 content 1300:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content 1280:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T 1280:1321 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 11 32 theme DNA 1292:1294 arg1 % 1339:1339 70.7±0.1 mol% 1327:1339 70.7±0.1 mol% 1327:1339 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 8 33 theme Polar 942:946 arg1 lipids 948:953 Polar lipids 942:953 Polar lipids 942:953 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 3 34 theme Strain 352:357 arg1 S01T 359:362 Strain S01T 352:362 Strain S01T 352:362 Strain S01T was found to be catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 27216930 5 35 theme JCM 701:703 arg1 17317T 705:710 Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T 675:710 Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) 675:719 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 5 35 theme JCM 701:703 arg1 % 718:718 94.8 % 713:718 94.8 % 713:718 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 2 36 theme PR 295:296 arg1 Microbiology 281:292 Microbiology 281:292 Microbiology 281:292 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 2 36 theme PR 295:296 arg1 China 298:302 PR China 295:302 PR China 295:302 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 14 37 theme AB 1611:1612 arg1 39608T 1628:1633 =GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T 1590:1633 =GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T 1590:1633 The type strain is S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T). 27216930 14 37 theme AB 1611:1612 arg1 S01T 1584:1587 S01T 1584:1587 S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T) 1584:1634 The type strain is S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T). 27216930 8 38 contain contained 955:963 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 987:1008 diphosphatidylglycerol 987:1008 diphosphatidylglycerol 987:1008 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 8 38 contain contained 955:963 arg2 aminolipid 1049:1058 an unidentified aminolipid 1033:1058 an unidentified aminolipid 1033:1058 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 8 38 contain contained 955:963 arg1 lipids 948:953 Polar lipids 942:953 Polar lipids 942:953 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 8 38 contain contained 955:963 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 1011:1030 phosphatidylinositol 1011:1030 phosphatidylinositol 1011:1030 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 8 38 contain contained 955:963 arg2 lipids 1111:1116 two unidentified lipids 1094:1116 two unidentified lipids 1094:1116 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 8 38 contain contained 955:963 arg2 glycolipids 1078:1088 two unidentified glycolipids 1061:1088 two unidentified glycolipids 1061:1088 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 8 38 contain contained 955:963 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 965:984 phosphatidylglycerol 965:984 phosphatidylglycerol 965:984 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 9 39 theme Mycolic 1119:1125 arg1 acids 1127:1131 Mycolic acids 1119:1131 Mycolic acids 1119:1131 Mycolic acids were present. 27216930 12 40 theme Corynebacterium 1477:1491 arg1 species 1456:1462 a novel species 1448:1462 a novel species 1448:1462 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 14 41 theme 2015423T=KCTC 1614:1626 arg1 39608T 1628:1633 =GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T 1590:1633 =GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T 1590:1633 The type strain is S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T). 27216930 14 41 theme 2015423T=KCTC 1614:1626 arg1 S01T 1584:1587 S01T 1584:1587 S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T) 1584:1634 The type strain is S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T). 27216930 2 42 attach isolated 186:193 arg1 plate 216:220 a nutrient agar plate 200:220 a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source 200:349 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 2 42 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 bacterium 147:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium 76:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium 76:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 11 43 theme mol 1336:1338 arg1 content 1300:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content 1280:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T 1280:1321 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 11 43 theme mol 1336:1338 arg1 % 1339:1339 70.7±0.1 mol% 1327:1339 70.7±0.1 mol% 1327:1339 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 12 44 theme genus 1471:1475 arg1 Corynebacterium 1477:1491 the genus Corynebacterium 1467:1491 the genus Corynebacterium 1467:1491 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 12 45 theme novel 1450:1454 arg1 species 1456:1462 a novel species 1448:1462 a novel species 1448:1462 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 10 46 theme cell-wall 1224:1232 arg1 galactose 1246:1254 galactose 1246:1254 galactose 1246:1254 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 27216930 10 46 theme cell-wall 1224:1232 arg1 sugars 1234:1239 the major cell-wall sugars 1214:1239 the major cell-wall sugars 1214:1239 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 27216930 8 47 theme unidentified 1036:1047 arg1 aminolipid 1049:1058 an unidentified aminolipid 1033:1058 an unidentified aminolipid 1033:1058 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 6 48 theme 10-methyl 812:820 arg1 C18:0 822:826 10-methyl C18:0 812:826 10-methyl C18:0 812:826 The major fatty acids were C18:1ω9c, C16:0, 10-methyl C18:0 and C18:0. 27216930 4 49 theme Corynebacterium 514:528 arg1 MFC-5T 543:548 Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T 514:548 Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (95.9 %) 514:557 Similarity searches revealed that the strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (95.9 %). 27216930 4 49 theme Corynebacterium 514:528 arg1 % 556:556 95.9 % 551:556 95.9 % 551:556 Similarity searches revealed that the strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (95.9 %). 27216930 14 50 theme =GDMCC 1590:1595 arg1 39608T 1628:1633 =GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T 1590:1633 =GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T 1590:1633 The type strain is S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T). 27216930 14 50 theme =GDMCC 1590:1595 arg1 S01T 1584:1587 S01T 1584:1587 S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T) 1584:1634 The type strain is S01T (=GDMCC 1.1022T=CCTCC AB 2015423T=KCTC 39608T). 27216930 2 51 theme non-motile 108:117 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium 76:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium 76:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 2 52 theme novel 78:82 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium 76:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium 76:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 4 53 theme gene 493:496 arg1 similarity 498:507 the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity 472:507 the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity 472:507 Similarity searches revealed that the strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (95.9 %). 27216930 2 54 theme agar 211:214 arg1 plate 216:220 a nutrient agar plate 200:220 a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source 200:349 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 11 55 theme G+C 1296:1298 arg1 content 1300:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content 1280:1306 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T 1280:1321 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 11 55 theme G+C 1296:1298 arg1 % 1339:1339 70.7±0.1 mol% 1327:1339 70.7±0.1 mol% 1327:1339 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S01T was 70.7±0.1 mol%. 27216930 2 56 from Institute 268:276 arg1 bench 249:253 a laboratory clean bench 230:253 a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source 230:349 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 2 57 theme nutrient 202:209 arg1 plate 216:220 a nutrient agar plate 200:220 a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source 200:349 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 8 58 theme unidentified 1065:1076 arg1 glycolipids 1078:1088 two unidentified glycolipids 1061:1088 two unidentified glycolipids 1061:1088 Polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. 27216930 10 59 theme major 1218:1222 arg1 galactose 1246:1254 galactose 1246:1254 galactose 1246:1254 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 27216930 10 59 theme major 1218:1222 arg1 sugars 1234:1239 the major cell-wall sugars 1214:1239 the major cell-wall sugars 1214:1239 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 27216930 10 60 theme cell-wall 1151:1159 arg1 peptidoglycan 1161:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1147:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1147:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose and glucose. 27216930 5 61 theme Corynebacteriumdoosanense 675:699 arg1 17317T 705:710 Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T 675:710 Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) 675:719 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 5 61 theme Corynebacteriumdoosanense 675:699 arg1 % 718:718 94.8 % 713:718 94.8 % 713:718 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 12 62 theme guangdongense 1529:1541 arg1 sp 1543:1544 the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp 1504:1544 the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp 1504:1544 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 5 63 theme maris 741:745 arg1 17018T 751:756 Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T 725:756 Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %) 725:765 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 5 63 theme maris 741:745 arg1 % 764:764 94.8 % 759:764 94.8 % 759:764 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 4 64 theme Similarity 420:429 arg1 searches 431:438 Similarity searches 420:438 Similarity searches 420:438 Similarity searches revealed that the strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (95.9 %). 27216930 2 65 theme clean 243:247 arg1 bench 249:253 a laboratory clean bench 230:253 a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source 230:349 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 7 66 theme MK-9 932:935 arg1 H2 937:938 H2 937:938 H2 937:938 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 7 66 theme MK-9 932:935 arg1 MK-9 932:935 MK-9 932:935 MK-9(H2) 932:939 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 7 66 theme MK-9 932:935 arg1 MK-8 923:926 MK-8 923:926 MK-8 923:926 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 7 66 theme MK-9 932:935 arg1 amounts 912:918 small amounts 906:918 small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2) 906:939 The respiratory quinones predominantly consisted of MK-8(H2), with small amounts of MK-8 and MK-9(H2). 27216930 5 67 theme JCM 747:749 arg1 17018T 751:756 Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T 725:756 Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %) 725:765 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 5 67 theme JCM 747:749 arg1 % 764:764 94.8 % 759:764 94.8 % 759:764 However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S01T was closely related to Corynebacteriumdoosanense JCM 17317T (94.8 %) and Corynebacterium maris JCM 17018T (94.8 %). 27216930 2 68 theme anaerobic 137:145 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium 76:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium 76:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 2 69 theme laboratory 232:241 arg1 bench 249:253 a laboratory clean bench 230:253 a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source 230:349 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 27216930 12 70 theme strain 1425:1430 arg1 S01T 1432:1435 strain S01T 1425:1435 strain S01T 1425:1435 The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain S01T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium guangdongense sp. 27216930 2 71 theme Gram-reaction-positive 84:105 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium 76:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium 76:155 A novel Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain S01T, was isolated from a nutrient agar plate kept on a laboratory clean bench at Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, PR China, which was contaminated from an unknown source. 25575968 12 0 theme synovial 1772:1779 arg1 membrane 1781:1788 synovial membrane 1772:1788 synovial membrane 1772:1788 There was minimal evidence of reaction to the implant in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, or cartilage. 25575968 3 1 theme matrix-induced 508:521 arg1 implantation 546:557 matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation 508:557 matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®) 508:566 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 8 2 theme Cartilage 1130:1138 arg1 healing 1140:1146 Cartilage healing 1130:1146 Cartilage healing 1130:1146 Cartilage healing was assessed by arthroscopic scores, gross assessment, repair tissue histology and immunohistochemistry, cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA assay, and mechanical testing. 25575968 7 3 theme synovial 1069:1076 arg1 fluid 1078:1082 synovial fluid 1069:1082 synovial fluid constituents 1069:1095 Reaction to the implant was determined by lameness, and synovial fluid constituents and synovial membrane histology. 25575968 13 4 theme equine 1927:1932 arg1 model 1934:1938 the equine model 1923:1938 the equine model evaluated over 6 months 1923:1962 CONCLUSIONS The MACI(®) implant appeared to improve cartilage healing in a critical sized defect in the equine model evaluated over 6 months. 25575968 9 5 theme gross 1399:1403 arg1 healing 1405:1411 gross healing 1399:1411 gross healing 1399:1411 RESULTS MACI(®) implanted defects had improved arthroscopic second-look, gross healing, and composite histologic scores, compared to spontaneously healing empty defects. 25575968 4 6 theme horses 809:814 arg1 ridge 796:800 the femoral trochlear ridge 774:800 the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses 774:814 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 8 7 theme tissue 1210:1215 arg1 histology 1217:1225 repair tissue histology 1203:1225 repair tissue histology 1203:1225 Cartilage healing was assessed by arthroscopic scores, gross assessment, repair tissue histology and immunohistochemistry, cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA assay, and mechanical testing. 25575968 9 8 theme arthroscopic 1373:1384 arg1 second-look 1386:1396 arthroscopic second-look 1373:1396 arthroscopic second-look 1373:1396 RESULTS MACI(®) implanted defects had improved arthroscopic second-look, gross healing, and composite histologic scores, compared to spontaneously healing empty defects. 25575968 13 9 theme sized 1907:1911 arg1 defect 1913:1918 a critical sized defect 1896:1918 a critical sized defect in the equine model evaluated over 6 months 1896:1962 CONCLUSIONS The MACI(®) implant appeared to improve cartilage healing in a critical sized defect in the equine model evaluated over 6 months. 25575968 9 10 theme composite 1418:1426 arg1 scores 1439:1444 composite histologic scores 1418:1444 composite histologic scores 1418:1444 RESULTS MACI(®) implanted defects had improved arthroscopic second-look, gross healing, and composite histologic scores, compared to spontaneously healing empty defects. 25575968 10 11 theme MACI 1553:1556 arg1 implant 1558:1564 MACI implant 1553:1564 MACI implant 1553:1564 Cartilage GAG and DNA content in the defects repaired by MACI implant were significantly improved compared to controls. 25575968 0 12 theme equine 105:110 arg1 model 133:137 the equine patellofemoral joint model 101:137 the equine patellofemoral joint model 101:137 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 2 13 theme sutured 281:287 arg1 flaps 300:304 sutured periosteal flaps 281:304 sutured periosteal flaps 281:304 However, ACI requires sutured periosteal flaps to secure the cells, which precludes minimally-invasive implantation, and introduces complications with arthrofibrosis and graft hypertrophy. 25575968 1 14 theme improved 197:204 arg1 outcome 206:212 improved outcome 197:212 improved outcome 197:212 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 8 15 theme gross 1185:1189 arg1 assessment 1191:1200 gross assessment 1185:1200 gross assessment 1185:1200 Cartilage healing was assessed by arthroscopic scores, gross assessment, repair tissue histology and immunohistochemistry, cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA assay, and mechanical testing. 25575968 6 16 theme second 922:927 arg1 arthroscopy 934:944 second look arthroscopy 922:944 second look arthroscopy 922:944 The animals were examined daily, scored by second look arthroscopy at 12 weeks, and necropsy examination 6 months after implantation. 25575968 0 17 theme joint 127:131 arg1 model 133:137 the equine patellofemoral joint model 101:137 the equine patellofemoral joint model 101:137 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 5 18 theme Control 817:823 arg1 defects 825:831 Control defects 817:831 Control defects 817:831 Control defects remained empty as ungrafted debrided defects. 25575968 4 19 theme I/III 700:704 arg1 ACI-Maix™ 716:724 ACI-Maix™ 716:724 ACI-Maix™ 716:724 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 4 19 theme I/III 700:704 arg1 membrane 706:713 a collagen I/III membrane 689:713 a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) 689:725 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 3 20 theme sized 581:585 arg1 defects 587:593 critical sized defects 572:593 critical sized defects in the equine model 572:613 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 13 21 from defect 1913:1918 arg1 model 1934:1938 the equine model 1923:1938 the equine model evaluated over 6 months 1923:1962 CONCLUSIONS The MACI(®) implant appeared to improve cartilage healing in a critical sized defect in the equine model evaluated over 6 months. 25575968 13 22 theme cartilage 1875:1883 arg1 healing 1885:1891 cartilage healing 1875:1891 cartilage healing 1875:1891 CONCLUSIONS The MACI(®) implant appeared to improve cartilage healing in a critical sized defect in the equine model evaluated over 6 months. 25575968 1 23 from studies 227:233 arg1 man 254:256 man 254:256 man 254:256 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 9 24 theme empty 1481:1485 arg1 defects 1487:1493 spontaneously healing empty defects 1459:1493 spontaneously healing empty defects 1459:1493 RESULTS MACI(®) implanted defects had improved arthroscopic second-look, gross healing, and composite histologic scores, compared to spontaneously healing empty defects. 25575968 0 25 theme MACI® 56:60 arg1 membrane 46:53 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane 0:53 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) 0:69 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 0 25 theme MACI® 56:60 arg1 implant 62:68 MACI® implant 56:68 MACI® implant 56:68 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 3 26 theme equine 602:607 arg1 model 609:613 the equine model 598:613 the equine model 598:613 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 4 27 from defects 763:769 arg1 ridge 796:800 the femoral trochlear ridge 774:800 the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses 774:814 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 5 28 theme debrided 861:868 arg1 defects 870:876 ungrafted debrided defects 851:876 ungrafted debrided defects 851:876 Control defects remained empty as ungrafted debrided defects. 25575968 6 29 theme necropsy 963:970 arg1 months 986:991 necropsy examination 6 months 963:991 necropsy examination 6 months 963:991 The animals were examined daily, scored by second look arthroscopy at 12 weeks, and necropsy examination 6 months after implantation. 25575968 9 30 dep RESULTS 1326:1332 arg1 improved 1364:1371 improved 1364:1371 improved 1364:1371 RESULTS MACI(®) implanted defects had improved arthroscopic second-look, gross healing, and composite histologic scores, compared to spontaneously healing empty defects. 25575968 1 31 theme chondrocyte 162:172 arg1 ACI 188:190 ACI 188:190 ACI 188:190 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 1 31 theme chondrocyte 162:172 arg1 implantation 174:185 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation 140:185 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) 140:191 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 0 32 theme cartilage 80:88 arg1 healing 90:96 cartilage healing 80:96 cartilage healing 80:96 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 0 33 theme I/III 40:44 arg1 membrane 46:53 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane 0:53 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) 0:69 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 0 33 theme I/III 40:44 arg1 implant 62:68 MACI® implant 56:68 MACI® implant 56:68 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 12 34 from implant 1741:1747 arg1 fluid 1765:1769 the synovial fluid 1752:1769 the synovial fluid 1752:1769 There was minimal evidence of reaction to the implant in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, or cartilage. 25575968 12 34 from implant 1741:1747 arg1 membrane 1781:1788 synovial membrane 1772:1788 synovial membrane 1772:1788 There was minimal evidence of reaction to the implant in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, or cartilage. 25575968 12 34 from implant 1741:1747 arg1 bone 1803:1806 subchondral bone 1791:1806 subchondral bone 1791:1806 There was minimal evidence of reaction to the implant in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, or cartilage. 25575968 12 34 from implant 1741:1747 arg1 cartilage 1812:1820 cartilage 1812:1820 cartilage 1812:1820 There was minimal evidence of reaction to the implant in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, or cartilage. 25575968 2 35 theme graft 429:433 arg1 hypertrophy 435:445 graft hypertrophy 429:445 graft hypertrophy 429:445 However, ACI requires sutured periosteal flaps to secure the cells, which precludes minimally-invasive implantation, and introduces complications with arthrofibrosis and graft hypertrophy. 25575968 0 36 theme infiltrated 14:24 arg1 I/III 40:44 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III 0:44 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) 0:69 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 4 37 theme trochlear 786:794 arg1 ridge 796:800 the femoral trochlear ridge 774:800 the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses 774:814 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 0 38 theme type 35:38 arg1 I/III 40:44 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III 0:44 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) 0:69 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 9 39 theme MACI 1334:1337 arg1 defects 1352:1358 MACI(®) implanted defects 1334:1358 MACI(®) implanted defects 1334:1358 RESULTS MACI(®) implanted defects had improved arthroscopic second-look, gross healing, and composite histologic scores, compared to spontaneously healing empty defects. 25575968 12 40 theme subchondral 1791:1801 arg1 bone 1803:1806 subchondral bone 1791:1806 subchondral bone 1791:1806 There was minimal evidence of reaction to the implant in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, or cartilage. 25575968 11 41 theme normal 1677:1682 arg1 cartilage 1684:1692 normal cartilage 1677:1692 normal cartilage 1677:1692 Mechanical properties were improved but remained inferior to normal cartilage. 25575968 3 42 theme I/III 492:496 arg1 scaffold 498:505 a collagen type I/III scaffold 476:505 a collagen type I/III scaffold 476:505 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 7 43 theme synovial 1101:1108 arg1 lameness 1055:1062 lameness 1055:1062 lameness 1055:1062 Reaction to the implant was determined by lameness, and synovial fluid constituents and synovial membrane histology. 25575968 7 43 theme synovial 1101:1108 arg1 histology 1119:1127 synovial membrane histology 1101:1127 synovial membrane histology 1101:1127 Reaction to the implant was determined by lameness, and synovial fluid constituents and synovial membrane histology. 25575968 9 44 theme ® 1339:1339 arg1 defects 1352:1358 MACI(®) implanted defects 1334:1358 MACI(®) implanted defects 1334:1358 RESULTS MACI(®) implanted defects had improved arthroscopic second-look, gross healing, and composite histologic scores, compared to spontaneously healing empty defects. 25575968 4 45 theme defects 763:769 arg1 one 746:748 one 746:748 one 746:748 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 4 45 theme defects 763:769 arg1 defects 763:769 two 15-mm defects 753:769 two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses 753:814 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 3 46 theme collagen 478:485 arg1 scaffold 498:505 a collagen type I/III scaffold 476:505 a collagen type I/III scaffold 476:505 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 9 47 theme implanted 1342:1350 arg1 defects 1352:1358 MACI(®) implanted defects 1334:1358 MACI(®) implanted defects 1334:1358 RESULTS MACI(®) implanted defects had improved arthroscopic second-look, gross healing, and composite histologic scores, compared to spontaneously healing empty defects. 25575968 1 48 theme UNLABELLED 140:149 arg1 ACI 188:190 ACI 188:190 ACI 188:190 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 1 48 theme UNLABELLED 140:149 arg1 implantation 174:185 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation 140:185 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) 140:191 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 4 49 attach isolated 642:649 arg1 horses 656:661 horses 656:661 horses 656:661 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 4 49 attach isolated 642:649 arg2 Chondrocytes 624:635 METHODS Chondrocytes 616:635 METHODS Chondrocytes 616:635 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 3 50 theme autologous 523:532 arg1 implantation 546:557 matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation 508:557 matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®) 508:566 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 10 51 theme DNA 1514:1516 arg1 content 1518:1524 Cartilage GAG and DNA content 1496:1524 content 1518:1524 Cartilage GAG and DNA content in the defects repaired by MACI implant were significantly improved compared to controls. 25575968 7 52 theme fluid 1078:1082 arg1 lameness 1055:1062 lameness 1055:1062 lameness 1055:1062 Reaction to the implant was determined by lameness, and synovial fluid constituents and synovial membrane histology. 25575968 7 52 theme fluid 1078:1082 arg1 constituents 1084:1095 synovial fluid constituents 1069:1095 synovial fluid constituents 1069:1095 Reaction to the implant was determined by lameness, and synovial fluid constituents and synovial membrane histology. 25575968 1 53 theme repair 244:249 arg1 studies 227:233 long-term studies 217:233 long-term studies of joint repair in man 217:256 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 11 54 theme Mechanical 1616:1625 arg1 properties 1627:1636 Mechanical properties 1616:1636 Mechanical properties 1616:1636 Mechanical properties were improved but remained inferior to normal cartilage. 25575968 12 55 theme synovial 1756:1763 arg1 fluid 1765:1769 the synovial fluid 1752:1769 the synovial fluid 1752:1769 There was minimal evidence of reaction to the implant in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, or cartilage. 25575968 12 56 theme reaction 1725:1732 arg1 evidence 1713:1720 minimal evidence 1705:1720 minimal evidence of reaction 1705:1732 There was minimal evidence of reaction to the implant in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, or cartilage. 25575968 8 57 theme repair 1203:1208 arg1 histology 1217:1225 repair tissue histology 1203:1225 repair tissue histology 1203:1225 Cartilage healing was assessed by arthroscopic scores, gross assessment, repair tissue histology and immunohistochemistry, cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA assay, and mechanical testing. 25575968 13 58 theme critical 1898:1905 arg1 defect 1913:1918 a critical sized defect 1896:1918 a critical sized defect in the equine model evaluated over 6 months 1896:1962 CONCLUSIONS The MACI(®) implant appeared to improve cartilage healing in a critical sized defect in the equine model evaluated over 6 months. 25575968 1 59 theme long-term 217:225 arg1 studies 227:233 long-term studies 217:233 long-term studies of joint repair in man 217:256 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 0 60 theme patellofemoral 112:125 arg1 model 133:137 the equine patellofemoral joint model 101:137 the equine patellofemoral joint model 101:137 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 2 61 theme periosteal 289:298 arg1 flaps 300:304 sutured periosteal flaps 281:304 sutured periosteal flaps 281:304 However, ACI requires sutured periosteal flaps to secure the cells, which precludes minimally-invasive implantation, and introduces complications with arthrofibrosis and graft hypertrophy. 25575968 9 62 theme histologic 1428:1437 arg1 scores 1439:1444 composite histologic scores 1418:1444 composite histologic scores 1418:1444 RESULTS MACI(®) implanted defects had improved arthroscopic second-look, gross healing, and composite histologic scores, compared to spontaneously healing empty defects. 25575968 8 63 theme arthroscopic 1164:1175 arg1 scores 1177:1182 arthroscopic scores 1164:1182 arthroscopic scores 1164:1182 Cartilage healing was assessed by arthroscopic scores, gross assessment, repair tissue histology and immunohistochemistry, cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA assay, and mechanical testing. 25575968 6 64 theme look 929:932 arg1 arthroscopy 934:944 second look arthroscopy 922:944 second look arthroscopy 922:944 The animals were examined daily, scored by second look arthroscopy at 12 weeks, and necropsy examination 6 months after implantation. 25575968 4 65 theme METHODS 616:622 arg1 Chondrocytes 624:635 METHODS Chondrocytes 616:635 METHODS Chondrocytes 616:635 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 1 66 from repair 244:249 arg1 man 254:256 man 254:256 man 254:256 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 8 67 theme cartilage 1253:1261 arg1 GAG 1282:1284 GAG 1282:1284 GAG 1282:1284 Cartilage healing was assessed by arthroscopic scores, gross assessment, repair tissue histology and immunohistochemistry, cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA assay, and mechanical testing. 25575968 8 67 theme cartilage 1253:1261 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 1263:1279 cartilage glycosaminoglycan 1253:1279 cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) 1253:1285 Cartilage healing was assessed by arthroscopic scores, gross assessment, repair tissue histology and immunohistochemistry, cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA assay, and mechanical testing. 25575968 3 68 theme critical 572:579 arg1 defects 587:593 critical sized defects 572:593 critical sized defects in the equine model 572:613 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 3 69 dep implantation 546:557 arg1 MACI 560:563 MACI 560:563 matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®) 508:566 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 3 69 dep implantation 546:557 arg1 ® 565:565 ® 565:565 ® 565:565 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 1 70 from man 254:256 arg1 studies 227:233 long-term studies 217:233 long-term studies of joint repair in man 217:256 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 4 71 theme collagen 691:698 arg1 ACI-Maix™ 716:724 ACI-Maix™ 716:724 ACI-Maix™ 716:724 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 4 71 theme collagen 691:698 arg1 membrane 706:713 a collagen I/III membrane 689:713 a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) 689:725 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 9 72 theme healing 1473:1479 arg1 defects 1487:1493 spontaneously healing empty defects 1459:1493 spontaneously healing empty defects 1459:1493 RESULTS MACI(®) implanted defects had improved arthroscopic second-look, gross healing, and composite histologic scores, compared to spontaneously healing empty defects. 25575968 5 73 theme ungrafted 851:859 arg1 defects 870:876 ungrafted debrided defects 851:876 ungrafted debrided defects 851:876 Control defects remained empty as ungrafted debrided defects. 25575968 12 74 theme minimal 1705:1711 arg1 evidence 1713:1720 minimal evidence 1705:1720 minimal evidence of reaction 1705:1732 There was minimal evidence of reaction to the implant in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, or cartilage. 25575968 6 75 theme examination 972:982 arg1 months 986:991 necropsy examination 6 months 963:991 necropsy examination 6 months 963:991 The animals were examined daily, scored by second look arthroscopy at 12 weeks, and necropsy examination 6 months after implantation. 25575968 8 76 theme DNA 1291:1293 arg1 assay 1295:1299 DNA assay 1291:1299 DNA assay 1291:1299 Cartilage healing was assessed by arthroscopic scores, gross assessment, repair tissue histology and immunohistochemistry, cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA assay, and mechanical testing. 25575968 1 77 theme Autologous 151:160 arg1 ACI 188:190 ACI 188:190 ACI 188:190 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 1 77 theme Autologous 151:160 arg1 implantation 174:185 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation 140:185 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) 140:191 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 10 78 from GAG 1506:1508 arg1 defects 1533:1539 the defects 1529:1539 the defects repaired by MACI implant 1529:1564 Cartilage GAG and DNA content in the defects repaired by MACI implant were significantly improved compared to controls. 25575968 8 79 theme mechanical 1306:1315 arg1 testing 1317:1323 mechanical testing 1306:1323 mechanical testing 1306:1323 Cartilage healing was assessed by arthroscopic scores, gross assessment, repair tissue histology and immunohistochemistry, cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA assay, and mechanical testing. 25575968 6 80 dep months 986:991 arg1 implantation 999:1010 implantation 999:1010 implantation 999:1010 The animals were examined daily, scored by second look arthroscopy at 12 weeks, and necropsy examination 6 months after implantation. 25575968 0 81 theme chondrocyte 2:12 arg1 I/III 40:44 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III 0:44 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) 0:69 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 1 82 contain has 193:195 arg1 ACI 188:190 ACI 188:190 ACI 188:190 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 1 82 contain has 193:195 arg1 implantation 174:185 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation 140:185 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) 140:191 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 1 82 contain has 193:195 arg2 outcome 206:212 improved outcome 197:212 improved outcome 197:212 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 25575968 0 83 theme collagen 26:33 arg1 I/III 40:44 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III 0:44 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) 0:69 A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model. 25575968 3 84 from defects 587:593 arg1 model 609:613 the equine model 598:613 the equine model 598:613 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 7 85 theme membrane 1110:1117 arg1 lameness 1055:1062 lameness 1055:1062 lameness 1055:1062 Reaction to the implant was determined by lameness, and synovial fluid constituents and synovial membrane histology. 25575968 7 85 theme membrane 1110:1117 arg1 histology 1119:1127 synovial membrane histology 1101:1127 synovial membrane histology 1101:1127 Reaction to the implant was determined by lameness, and synovial fluid constituents and synovial membrane histology. 25575968 4 86 theme femoral 778:784 arg1 ridge 796:800 the femoral trochlear ridge 774:800 the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses 774:814 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 10 87 from content 1518:1524 arg1 defects 1533:1539 the defects 1529:1539 the defects repaired by MACI implant 1529:1564 Cartilage GAG and DNA content in the defects repaired by MACI implant were significantly improved compared to controls. 25575968 2 88 theme minimally-invasive 343:360 arg1 implantation 362:373 minimally-invasive implantation 343:373 minimally-invasive implantation 343:373 However, ACI requires sutured periosteal flaps to secure the cells, which precludes minimally-invasive implantation, and introduces complications with arthrofibrosis and graft hypertrophy. 25575968 10 89 theme Cartilage 1496:1504 arg1 GAG 1506:1508 Cartilage GAG and DNA content 1496:1524 GAG 1506:1508 Cartilage GAG and DNA content in the defects repaired by MACI implant were significantly improved compared to controls. 25575968 3 90 dep evaluated 459:467 arg1 implantation 546:557 matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation 508:557 matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®) 508:566 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 4 91 theme 15-mm 757:761 arg1 defects 763:769 two 15-mm defects 753:769 two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses 753:814 METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from horses, expanded and seeded onto a collagen I/III membrane (ACI-Maix™) and implanted into one of two 15-mm defects in the femoral trochlear ridge of six horses. 25575968 3 92 theme type 487:490 arg1 scaffold 498:505 a collagen type I/III scaffold 476:505 a collagen type I/III scaffold 476:505 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 13 93 dep CONCLUSIONS 1823:1833 arg1 MACI 1839:1842 The MACI 1835:1842 CONCLUSIONS The MACI(®) 1823:1845 CONCLUSIONS The MACI(®) implant appeared to improve cartilage healing in a critical sized defect in the equine model evaluated over 6 months. 25575968 13 93 dep CONCLUSIONS 1823:1833 arg1 ® 1844:1844 ® 1844:1844 ® 1844:1844 CONCLUSIONS The MACI(®) implant appeared to improve cartilage healing in a critical sized defect in the equine model evaluated over 6 months. 25575968 3 94 theme chondrocyte 534:544 arg1 implantation 546:557 matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation 508:557 matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®) 508:566 This study evaluated ACI on a collagen type I/III scaffold (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MACI(®)) in critical sized defects in the equine model. 25575968 1 95 theme joint 238:242 arg1 repair 244:249 joint repair 238:249 joint repair in man 238:256 UNLABELLED Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. 26350739 4 0 theme catalytic 600:608 arg1 properties 610:619 the catalytic properties 596:619 the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized 596:713 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 8 1 theme amino-groups 1731:1742 arg1 introduction 1744:1755 positively charged amino-groups introduction 1712:1755 positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site 1712:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 1 2 theme L-asparaginase 272:285 arg1 preparation 257:267 the novel recombinant preparation 235:267 the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent 235:344 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 1 3 theme Erwinia 292:298 arg1 EwA 312:314 EwA 312:314 EwA 312:314 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 1 3 theme Erwinia 292:298 arg1 carotovora 300:309 Erwinia carotovora 292:309 Erwinia carotovora (EwA) 292:315 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 1 3 theme Erwinia 292:298 arg1 agent 340:344 a promising antitumor agent 318:344 a promising antitumor agent 318:344 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 8 4 from vicinity 1764:1771 arg1 result 1702:1707 result 1702:1707 result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site 1702:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 6 5 theme copolymers 1184:1193 arg1 content 1169:1175 The content 1165:1175 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates 1165:1211 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 9 6 theme action 1974:1979 arg1 forms 1988:1992 prolonged action dosage forms 1964:1992 prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics 1964:2022 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 6 7 theme bonds 1275:1279 arg1 band 1261:1264 the characteristic absorption band 1231:1264 the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1 1231:1330 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 1 8 theme enzymes 203:209 arg1 properties 170:179 catalytic properties 160:179 catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes 160:209 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 4 9 theme bond 953:956 arg1 formation 958:966 multipoint amide bond formation 936:966 multipoint amide bond formation 936:966 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 9 10 theme forms 1988:1992 arg1 development 1949:1959 the development 1945:1959 the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics 1945:2022 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 8 11 theme site 1787:1790 arg1 vicinity 1764:1771 the vicinity 1760:1771 the vicinity of the active site 1760:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 6 12 theme C-O-C 1269:1273 arg1 bonds 1275:1279 C-O-C bonds 1269:1279 C-O-C bonds 1269:1279 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 9 13 theme other 1998:2002 arg1 therapeutics 2011:2022 other enzyme therapeutics 1998:2022 other enzyme therapeutics 1998:2022 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 7 14 dep 5-8-fold 1554:1561 arg1 higher 1563:1568 higher 1563:1568 higher 1563:1568 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 6 15 theme cm-1 1327:1330 arg1 frequency 1309:1317 the frequency 1305:1317 the frequency of 1089 cm-1 1305:1330 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 4 16 theme multipoint 936:945 arg1 formation 958:966 multipoint amide bond formation 936:966 multipoint amide bond formation 936:966 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 6 17 theme characteristic 1235:1248 arg1 band 1261:1264 the characteristic absorption band 1231:1264 the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1 1231:1330 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 7 18 theme EwA 1375:1377 arg1 preparations 1379:1390 EwA preparations 1375:1390 EwA preparations 1375:1390 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 7 19 theme characteristics 1356:1370 arg1 study 1337:1341 The study 1333:1341 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry 1333:1407 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 9 20 theme proposed 1797:1804 arg1 chito-pegylation 1816:1831 chito-pegylation 1816:1831 chito-pegylation 1816:1831 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 9 20 theme proposed 1797:1804 arg1 effective 1837:1845 effective 1837:1845 effective 1837:1845 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 9 20 theme proposed 1797:1804 arg1 approach 1806:1813 The proposed approach 1793:1813 The proposed approach 1793:1813 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 9 20 theme proposed 1797:1804 arg1 promising 1931:1939 promising 1931:1939 promising 1931:1939 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 0 21 theme carotovora 84:93 arg1 L-asparaginase 107:120 Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase 76:120 Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase 76:120 [PEG-chitosan branched copolymers to improve the biocatalytic properties of Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase]. 26350739 1 22 theme properties 170:179 arg1 regulation 146:155 the regulation 142:155 the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes 142:209 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 4 23 theme amino 989:993 arg1 groups 995:1000 PEG-chitosan amino groups 976:1000 PEG-chitosan amino groups 976:1000 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 23 theme amino 989:993 arg1 enzyme 1029:1034 the enzyme 1025:1034 the enzyme 1025:1034 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 8 24 from result 1702:1707 arg1 vicinity 1764:1771 the vicinity 1760:1771 the vicinity of the active site 1760:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 0 25 theme L-asparaginase 107:120 arg1 properties 62:71 the biocatalytic properties 45:71 the biocatalytic properties of Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase 45:120 [PEG-chitosan branched copolymers to improve the biocatalytic properties of Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase]. 26350739 5 26 theme conjugates 1118:1127 arg1 composition 1097:1107 composition 1097:1107 composition 1097:1107 The structure and composition of these conjugates were determined by IR spectroscopy. 26350739 5 26 theme conjugates 1118:1127 arg1 structure 1083:1091 structure 1083:1091 structure 1083:1091 The structure and composition of these conjugates were determined by IR spectroscopy. 26350739 7 27 theme catalytic 1346:1354 arg1 characteristics 1356:1370 catalytic characteristics 1346:1370 catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations 1346:1390 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 4 28 theme reductive 762:770 arg1 amination 772:780 reductive amination 762:780 reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups 762:868 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 6 29 from content 1169:1175 arg1 conjugates 1202:1211 the conjugates 1198:1211 the conjugates 1198:1211 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 9 30 theme catalytic 1866:1874 arg1 properties 1896:1905 the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties 1862:1905 the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase 1862:1921 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 4 31 theme enzyme 850:855 arg1 groups 863:868 enzyme amino groups 850:868 enzyme amino groups 850:868 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 2 32 theme polyethylene 429:440 arg1 PEG 450:452 PEG 450:452 PEG 450:452 New branched co-polymers of different composition based on chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, designated as PEG-chitosan, have been synthesized. 26350739 2 32 theme polyethylene 429:440 arg1 glycol 442:447 polyethylene glycol 429:447 polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules 429:463 New branched co-polymers of different composition based on chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, designated as PEG-chitosan, have been synthesized. 26350739 9 33 theme pharmacokinetic 1880:1894 arg1 properties 1896:1905 the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties 1862:1905 the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase 1862:1921 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 4 34 theme groups 863:868 arg1 end 812:814 the reducing end 799:814 the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups 799:868 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 2 35 theme branched 351:358 arg1 co-polymers 360:370 New branched co-polymers 347:370 New branched co-polymers 347:370 New branched co-polymers of different composition based on chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, designated as PEG-chitosan, have been synthesized. 26350739 4 36 dep multipoint-conjugates 875:895 arg1 optimize 587:594 optimize 587:594 to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized 584:713 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 1 37 theme promising 320:328 arg1 agent 340:344 a promising antitumor agent 318:344 a promising antitumor agent 318:344 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 1 37 theme promising 320:328 arg1 carotovora 300:309 Erwinia carotovora 292:309 Erwinia carotovora (EwA) 292:315 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 8 38 theme certain 1628:1634 arg1 extent 1636:1641 certain extent 1628:1641 certain extent 1628:1641 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 4 39 theme asparaginase 624:635 arg1 types 641:645 asparaginase two types 624:645 asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture 624:691 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 40 theme copolymer 836:844 arg1 end 812:814 the reducing end 799:814 the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups 799:868 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 2 41 theme composition 385:395 arg1 co-polymers 360:370 New branched co-polymers 347:370 New branched co-polymers 347:370 New branched co-polymers of different composition based on chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, designated as PEG-chitosan, have been synthesized. 26350739 6 42 from frequency 1309:1317 arg1 band 1261:1264 the characteristic absorption band 1231:1264 the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1 1231:1330 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 6 42 from frequency 1309:1317 arg1 structure 1292:1300 the PEG structure 1284:1300 the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1 1284:1330 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 7 43 theme optimal 1521:1527 arg1 composition 1529:1539 the optimal composition 1517:1539 the optimal composition 1517:1539 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 3 44 theme PEG-chitosan 517:528 arg1 copolymers 530:539 PEG-chitosan copolymers 517:539 PEG-chitosan copolymers 517:539 PEG-chitosan copolymers were further conjugated with EwA. 26350739 5 45 dep structure 1083:1091 arg1 The 1079:1081 The 1079:1081 The 1079:1081 The structure and composition of these conjugates were determined by IR spectroscopy. 26350739 8 46 theme charged 1723:1729 arg1 introduction 1744:1755 positively charged amino-groups introduction 1712:1755 positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site 1712:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 7 47 theme pH 1438:1439 arg1 values 1441:1446 physiological pH values 1424:1446 physiological pH values 1424:1446 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 7 48 theme optimized 1493:1501 arg1 structure 1503:1511 optimized structure 1493:1511 optimized structure 1493:1511 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 8 49 theme favorable 1670:1678 arg1 shift 1680:1684 favorable shift 1670:1684 favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site 1670:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 6 50 theme PEG 1288:1290 arg1 structure 1292:1300 the PEG structure 1284:1300 the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1 1284:1330 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 8 51 theme introduction 1744:1755 arg1 result 1702:1707 result 1702:1707 result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site 1702:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 0 52 theme biocatalytic 49:60 arg1 properties 62:71 the biocatalytic properties 45:71 the biocatalytic properties of Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase 45:120 [PEG-chitosan branched copolymers to improve the biocatalytic properties of Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase]. 26350739 7 53 theme enzyme 1452:1457 arg1 conjugates 1459:1468 the enzyme conjugates 1448:1468 the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition 1448:1539 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 9 54 theme prolonged 1964:1972 arg1 forms 1988:1992 prolonged action dosage forms 1964:1992 prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics 1964:2022 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 1 55 from carotovora 300:309 arg1 preparation 257:267 the novel recombinant preparation 235:267 the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent 235:344 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 1 56 theme relevant 194:201 arg1 enzymes 203:209 medically relevant enzymes 184:209 medically relevant enzymes 184:209 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 9 57 theme dosage 1981:1986 arg1 forms 1988:1992 prolonged action dosage forms 1964:1992 prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics 1964:2022 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 4 58 theme amino 857:861 arg1 groups 863:868 enzyme amino groups 850:868 enzyme amino groups 850:868 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 59 theme amide 947:951 arg1 formation 958:966 multipoint amide bond formation 936:966 multipoint amide bond formation 936:966 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 7 60 theme physiological 1424:1436 arg1 values 1441:1446 physiological pH values 1424:1446 physiological pH values 1424:1446 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 4 61 theme conjugates 650:659 arg1 types 641:645 asparaginase two types 624:645 asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture 624:691 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 62 dep properties 610:619 arg1 synthesized 703:713 synthesized 703:713 have been synthesized 693:713 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 8 63 theme active 1780:1785 arg1 site 1787:1790 the active site 1776:1790 the active site 1776:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 4 64 theme formation 958:966 arg1 reaction 924:931 the reaction 920:931 the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme 920:1034 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 9 65 theme enzyme 2004:2009 arg1 therapeutics 2011:2022 other enzyme therapeutics 1998:2022 other enzyme therapeutics 1998:2022 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 8 66 from shift 1680:1684 arg1 result 1702:1707 result 1702:1707 result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site 1702:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 1 67 theme new 126:128 arg1 approach 130:137 A new approach 124:137 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes 124:209 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 6 68 theme absorption 1250:1259 arg1 band 1261:1264 the characteristic absorption band 1231:1264 the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1 1231:1330 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 4 69 theme crown-type 720:729 arg1 conjugates 731:740 crown-type conjugates 720:740 crown-type conjugates 720:740 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 6 70 from band 1261:1264 arg1 structure 1292:1300 the PEG structure 1284:1300 the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1 1284:1330 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 6 70 from band 1261:1264 arg1 frequency 1309:1317 the frequency 1305:1317 the frequency of 1089 cm-1 1305:1330 The content of the copolymers in the conjugates was controlled by the characteristic absorption band of C-O-C bonds in the PEG structure at the frequency of 1089 cm-1. 26350739 7 71 theme preparations 1379:1390 arg1 characteristics 1356:1370 catalytic characteristics 1346:1370 catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations 1346:1390 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 0 72 theme Erwinia 76:82 arg1 L-asparaginase 107:120 Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase 76:120 Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase 76:120 [PEG-chitosan branched copolymers to improve the biocatalytic properties of Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase]. 26350739 4 73 theme carboxyl 1006:1013 arg1 groups 1015:1020 carboxyl groups 1006:1020 carboxyl groups of the enzyme 1006:1034 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 73 theme carboxyl 1006:1013 arg1 enzyme 1029:1034 the enzyme 1025:1034 the enzyme 1025:1034 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 0 74 theme recombinant 95:105 arg1 L-asparaginase 107:120 Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase 76:120 Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase 76:120 [PEG-chitosan branched copolymers to improve the biocatalytic properties of Erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase]. 26350739 1 75 theme catalytic 160:168 arg1 properties 170:179 catalytic properties 160:179 catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes 160:209 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 4 76 dep optimize 587:594 arg1 synthesized 747:757 synthesized 747:757 were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups 742:868 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 7 77 theme native 1610:1615 arg1 enzyme 1617:1622 the native enzyme 1606:1622 the native enzyme 1606:1622 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 4 78 theme PEG-chitosan 976:987 arg1 groups 995:1000 PEG-chitosan amino groups 976:1000 PEG-chitosan amino groups 976:1000 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 78 theme PEG-chitosan 976:987 arg1 enzyme 1029:1034 the enzyme 1025:1034 the enzyme 1025:1034 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 79 theme reducing 803:810 arg1 end 812:814 the reducing end 799:814 the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups 799:868 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 80 dep synthesized 747:757 arg1 1 717:717 1 717:717 1 717:717 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 80 dep synthesized 747:757 arg1 2 872:872 2 872:872 2 872:872 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 81 theme amination 772:780 arg1 reaction 782:789 reductive amination reaction 762:789 reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups 762:868 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 2 82 theme glycol 442:447 arg1 molecules 455:463 polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules 429:463 polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules 429:463 New branched co-polymers of different composition based on chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, designated as PEG-chitosan, have been synthesized. 26350739 4 83 theme enzyme 1029:1034 arg1 groups 995:1000 PEG-chitosan amino groups 976:1000 PEG-chitosan amino groups 976:1000 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 83 theme enzyme 1029:1034 arg1 groups 1015:1020 carboxyl groups 1006:1020 carboxyl groups of the enzyme 1006:1034 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 4 83 theme enzyme 1029:1034 arg1 enzyme 1029:1034 the enzyme 1025:1034 the enzyme 1025:1034 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 1 84 theme recombinant 245:255 arg1 preparation 257:267 the novel recombinant preparation 235:267 the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent 235:344 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 7 85 with conjugates 1459:1468 arg1 PEG-chitosan 1475:1486 PEG-chitosan 1475:1486 PEG-chitosan 1475:1486 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 7 85 with conjugates 1459:1468 arg1 structure 1503:1511 optimized structure 1493:1511 optimized structure 1493:1511 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 7 85 with conjugates 1459:1468 arg1 composition 1529:1539 the optimal composition 1517:1539 the optimal composition 1517:1539 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 8 86 from introduction 1744:1755 arg1 vicinity 1764:1771 the vicinity 1760:1771 the vicinity of the active site 1760:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 2 87 theme New 347:349 arg1 co-polymers 360:370 New branched co-polymers 347:370 New branched co-polymers 347:370 New branched co-polymers of different composition based on chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, designated as PEG-chitosan, have been synthesized. 26350739 8 88 theme pH-optima 1689:1697 arg1 shift 1680:1684 favorable shift 1670:1684 favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site 1670:1790 To certain extent, this can be attributed to favorable shift of pH-optima in result of positively charged amino-groups introduction in the vicinity of the active site. 26350739 1 89 theme antitumor 330:338 arg1 agent 340:344 a promising antitumor agent 318:344 a promising antitumor agent 318:344 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 1 89 theme antitumor 330:338 arg1 carotovora 300:309 Erwinia carotovora 292:309 Erwinia carotovora (EwA) 292:315 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 7 90 theme catalytic 1570:1578 arg1 kcat/Km 1592:1598 kcat/Km 1592:1598 kcat/Km 1592:1598 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 7 90 theme catalytic 1570:1578 arg1 efficiency 1580:1589 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency 1554:1589 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme 1554:1622 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 9 91 theme asparaginase 1910:1921 arg1 properties 1896:1905 the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties 1862:1905 the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase 1862:1921 The proposed approach, chito-pegylation, is effective for regulating the catalytic and pharmacokinetic properties of asparaginase, and is promising for the development of prolonged action dosage forms for other enzyme therapeutics. 26350739 1 92 theme novel 239:243 arg1 preparation 257:267 the novel recombinant preparation 235:267 the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent 235:344 A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. 26350739 7 93 theme 5-8-fold 1554:1561 arg1 kcat/Km 1592:1598 kcat/Km 1592:1598 kcat/Km 1592:1598 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 7 93 theme 5-8-fold 1554:1561 arg1 efficiency 1580:1589 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency 1554:1589 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme 1554:1622 The study of catalytic characteristics of EwA preparations by conductometry showed that at physiological pH values the enzyme conjugates with PEG-chitosan with optimized structure and the optimal composition demonstrated 5-8-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than the native enzyme. 26350739 4 94 theme PEG-chitosan 823:834 arg1 copolymer 836:844 the PEG-chitosan copolymer 819:844 the PEG-chitosan copolymer 819:844 In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crown-type conjugates were synthesized by reductive amination reaction between the reducing end of the PEG-chitosan copolymer and enzyme amino groups; (2) multipoint-conjugates were synthesized using the reaction of multipoint amide bond formation between PEG-chitosan amino groups and carboxyl groups of the enzyme in the presence of the Woodward's reagent. 26350739 2 95 theme different 375:383 arg1 composition 385:395 different composition 375:395 different composition 375:395 New branched co-polymers of different composition based on chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, designated as PEG-chitosan, have been synthesized. 24618254 4 0 theme controversy 548:558 arg1 matter 538:543 a still matter 530:543 a still matter of controversy 530:558 Whether OMV are produced by an active mechanism or by passive disintegration of the OM is a still matter of controversy. 24618254 8 1 dep OM 1025:1026 arg1 the 1021:1023 the 1021:1023 the 1021:1023 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 14 2 dep IMPORTANCE 1591:1600 arg1 members 1606:1612 The members 1602:1612 IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides 1591:1633 IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides are key players in the symbiosis between the human host and the gut microbiota. 24618254 5 3 theme human 644:648 arg1 microbiota 650:659 the human microbiota 640:659 the human microbiota 640:659 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 20 4 theme OMV 2455:2457 arg1 proteins 2459:2466 OMV proteins 2455:2466 OMV proteins 2455:2466 This suggests the presence of a molecular mechanism in Bacteroides responsible for the selection of OMV proteins based on their charge. 24618254 12 5 theme acidic 1362:1367 arg1 proteins 1369:1376 pack acidic proteins 1357:1376 pack acidic proteins into the OMV 1357:1389 Based on these results, we propose that these species possess machinery devoted to selectively pack acidic proteins into the OMV. 24618254 2 6 theme different 270:278 arg1 roles 280:284 several different roles 262:284 several different roles 262:284 OMV have been proposed to play several different roles during both pathogenesis and symbiosis. 24618254 7 7 theme protein 852:858 arg1 profiles 860:867 dramatically different protein profiles 829:867 dramatically different protein profiles 829:867 SDS-PAGE analysis of both fractions revealed dramatically different protein profiles. 24618254 15 8 theme wide 1756:1759 arg1 variety 1761:1767 a wide variety 1754:1767 a wide variety of glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases 1754:1825 It is known for its ability to degrade a wide variety of glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases. 24618254 15 8 theme wide 1756:1759 arg1 substrates 1793:1802 substrates 1793:1802 substrates for human glycosidases 1793:1825 It is known for its ability to degrade a wide variety of glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases. 24618254 15 8 theme wide 1756:1759 arg1 glycans 1772:1778 glycans 1772:1778 glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases 1772:1825 It is known for its ability to degrade a wide variety of glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases. 24618254 1 9 attach released 166:173 arg2 vesicles 115:122 Outer membrane vesicles 100:122 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) 100:128 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 9 attach released 166:173 arg1 OM 200:201 OM 200:201 OM 200:201 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 9 attach released 166:173 arg2 structures 155:164 spherical membranous structures 134:164 spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 134:228 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 9 attach released 166:173 arg1 membrane 190:197 the outer membrane 180:197 the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 180:228 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 5 10 theme important 619:627 arg1 members 629:635 important members 619:635 important members of the human microbiota 619:659 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 5 10 theme important 619:627 arg1 fragilis 573:580 Bacteroides fragilis 561:580 Bacteroides fragilis 561:580 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 5 10 theme important 619:627 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 598:613 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 586:613 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 586:613 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 7 11 theme fractions 810:818 arg1 analysis 793:800 SDS-PAGE analysis 784:800 SDS-PAGE analysis of both fractions 784:818 SDS-PAGE analysis of both fractions revealed dramatically different protein profiles. 24618254 17 12 theme Bacteroides 2028:2038 arg1 members 2007:2013 members 2007:2013 members of the genus Bacteroides 2007:2038 Although members of the genus Bacteroides are known to secrete different hydrolases, their secretion pathways remain uncharacterized. 24618254 12 13 contain possess 1316:1322 arg2 machinery 1324:1332 machinery 1324:1332 machinery devoted to selectively pack acidic proteins into the OMV 1324:1389 Based on these results, we propose that these species possess machinery devoted to selectively pack acidic proteins into the OMV. 24618254 12 13 contain possess 1316:1322 arg1 species 1308:1314 these species 1302:1314 these species 1302:1314 Based on these results, we propose that these species possess machinery devoted to selectively pack acidic proteins into the OMV. 24618254 13 14 theme community 1507:1515 arg1 benefit 1476:1482 the benefit 1472:1482 the benefit of the whole bacterial community 1472:1515 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 18 15 from pack 2213:2216 arg1 vesicles 2265:2272 outer membrane vesicles 2250:2272 outer membrane vesicles (OMV) 2250:2278 In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). 24618254 18 15 from pack 2213:2216 arg1 OMV 2275:2277 OMV 2275:2277 OMV 2275:2277 In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). 24618254 16 16 theme cleaved 1832:1838 arg1 glycans 1840:1846 The cleaved glycans 1828:1846 The cleaved glycans 1828:1846 The cleaved glycans can be utilized by Bacteroides and other microbiota members, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host. 24618254 18 17 theme membrane 2256:2263 arg1 vesicles 2265:2272 outer membrane vesicles 2250:2272 outer membrane vesicles (OMV) 2250:2278 In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). 24618254 18 17 theme membrane 2256:2263 arg1 OMV 2275:2277 OMV 2275:2277 OMV 2275:2277 In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). 24618254 20 18 theme molecular 2387:2395 arg1 mechanism 2397:2405 a molecular mechanism 2385:2405 a molecular mechanism in Bacteroides responsible for the selection of OMV proteins 2385:2466 This suggests the presence of a molecular mechanism in Bacteroides responsible for the selection of OMV proteins based on their charge. 24618254 21 19 theme microbiota 2566:2575 arg1 balance 2547:2553 balance 2547:2553 balance 2547:2553 We propose that OMV contribute to the establishment and balance of the gut microbiota. 24618254 21 19 theme microbiota 2566:2575 arg1 establishment 2529:2541 establishment 2529:2541 establishment 2529:2541 We propose that OMV contribute to the establishment and balance of the gut microbiota. 24618254 1 20 theme membrane 106:113 arg1 structures 155:164 spherical membranous structures 134:164 spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 134:228 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 20 theme membrane 106:113 arg1 OMV 125:127 OMV 125:127 OMV 125:127 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 20 theme membrane 106:113 arg1 vesicles 115:122 Outer membrane vesicles 100:122 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) 100:128 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 10 21 theme B. 1193:1194 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 1196:1211 B. thetaiotaomicron 1193:1211 B. thetaiotaomicron 1193:1211 Similar results were obtained for B. thetaiotaomicron. 24618254 14 22 theme human 1680:1684 arg1 host 1686:1689 the human host 1676:1689 the human host 1676:1689 IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides are key players in the symbiosis between the human host and the gut microbiota. 24618254 13 23 theme whole 1491:1495 arg1 community 1507:1515 the whole bacterial community 1487:1515 the whole bacterial community 1487:1515 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 1 24 theme membranous 144:153 arg1 structures 155:164 spherical membranous structures 134:164 spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 134:228 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 24 theme membranous 144:153 arg1 vesicles 115:122 Outer membrane vesicles 100:122 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) 100:128 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 0 25 theme membrane 81:88 arg1 vesicles 90:97 Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles 63:97 Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles 63:97 Preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles. 24618254 8 26 theme detectable 1002:1011 arg1 proteins 993:1000 more than 30 proteins 980:1000 more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM 980:1026 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 11 27 theme OMV-exclusive 1226:1238 arg1 proteins 1240:1247 the OMV-exclusive proteins 1222:1247 the OMV-exclusive proteins 1222:1247 Most of the OMV-exclusive proteins were acidic. 24618254 9 28 theme OMV-specific 1033:1044 arg1 proteome 1046:1053 The OMV-specific proteome 1029:1053 The OMV-specific proteome 1029:1053 The OMV-specific proteome showed a high prevalence of glycosidases and proteases, some of which were shown to be active in vitro. 24618254 13 29 theme novel 1557:1561 arg1 function 1563:1570 a novel function 1555:1570 a novel function for bacterial OMV 1555:1588 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 5 30 theme Bacteroides 586:596 arg1 members 629:635 important members 619:635 important members of the human microbiota 619:659 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 5 30 theme Bacteroides 586:596 arg1 fragilis 573:580 Bacteroides fragilis 561:580 Bacteroides fragilis 561:580 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 5 30 theme Bacteroides 586:596 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 598:613 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 586:613 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 586:613 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 8 31 theme Proteomic 870:878 arg1 analysis 880:887 Proteomic analysis 870:887 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis 870:916 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 16 32 used utilized 1855:1862 arg2 glycans 1840:1846 The cleaved glycans 1828:1846 The cleaved glycans 1828:1846 The cleaved glycans can be utilized by Bacteroides and other microbiota members, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host. 24618254 3 33 theme characterized 417:429 arg1 process 431:437 a poorly characterized process 408:437 a poorly characterized process 408:437 Despite the fact that OMV were described several decades ago, their biogenesis is a poorly characterized process. 24618254 3 33 theme characterized 417:429 arg1 biogenesis 394:403 their biogenesis 388:403 their biogenesis 388:403 Despite the fact that OMV were described several decades ago, their biogenesis is a poorly characterized process. 24618254 9 34 theme high 1064:1067 arg1 prevalence 1069:1078 a high prevalence 1062:1078 a high prevalence of glycosidases and proteases, some of which were shown to be active in vitro 1062:1156 The OMV-specific proteome showed a high prevalence of glycosidases and proteases, some of which were shown to be active in vitro. 24618254 0 35 theme Preferential 0:11 arg1 packing 13:19 Preferential packing 0:19 Preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles 0:97 Preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles. 24618254 7 36 theme SDS-PAGE 784:791 arg1 analysis 793:800 SDS-PAGE analysis 784:800 SDS-PAGE analysis of both fractions 784:818 SDS-PAGE analysis of both fractions revealed dramatically different protein profiles. 24618254 20 37 theme mechanism 2397:2405 arg1 presence 2373:2380 the presence 2369:2380 the presence of a molecular mechanism in Bacteroides responsible for the selection of OMV proteins based on their charge 2369:2488 This suggests the presence of a molecular mechanism in Bacteroides responsible for the selection of OMV proteins based on their charge. 24618254 1 38 theme Outer 100:104 arg1 structures 155:164 spherical membranous structures 134:164 spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 134:228 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 38 theme Outer 100:104 arg1 OMV 125:127 OMV 125:127 OMV 125:127 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 38 theme Outer 100:104 arg1 vesicles 115:122 Outer membrane vesicles 100:122 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) 100:128 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 16 39 theme acids 1958:1962 arg1 production 1926:1935 the production 1922:1935 the production of short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host 1922:1995 The cleaved glycans can be utilized by Bacteroides and other microbiota members, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host. 24618254 18 40 theme hydrolases 2236:2245 arg1 number 2226:2231 a large number 2218:2231 a large number of hydrolases 2218:2245 In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). 24618254 0 41 theme glycosidases 31:42 arg1 packing 13:19 Preferential packing 0:19 Preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles 0:97 Preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles. 24618254 13 42 theme bacterial 1576:1584 arg1 OMV 1586:1588 bacterial OMV 1576:1588 bacterial OMV 1576:1588 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 0 43 theme Bacteroides 63:73 arg1 vesicles 90:97 Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles 63:97 Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles 63:97 Preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles. 24618254 6 44 theme OMV 738:740 arg1 compositions 715:726 the protein compositions 703:726 the protein compositions of OM and OMV 703:740 In this work, we determined and compared the protein compositions of OM and OMV from B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron. 24618254 0 45 theme proteases 48:56 arg1 packing 13:19 Preferential packing 0:19 Preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles 0:97 Preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles. 24618254 8 46 located found 951:955 arg1 OMV 972:974 OMV 972:974 OMV 972:974 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 8 46 located found 951:955 arg2 proteins 942:949 more than 40 proteins 929:949 more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV 929:974 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 6 47 theme OM 731:732 arg1 compositions 715:726 the protein compositions 703:726 the protein compositions of OM and OMV 703:740 In this work, we determined and compared the protein compositions of OM and OMV from B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron. 24618254 20 48 theme proteins 2459:2466 arg1 selection 2442:2450 the selection 2438:2450 the selection of OMV proteins 2438:2466 This suggests the presence of a molecular mechanism in Bacteroides responsible for the selection of OMV proteins based on their charge. 24618254 1 49 theme Gram-negative 207:219 arg1 bacteria 221:228 Gram-negative bacteria 207:228 Gram-negative bacteria 207:228 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 14 50 theme gut 1699:1701 arg1 microbiota 1703:1712 the gut microbiota 1695:1712 the gut microbiota 1695:1712 IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides are key players in the symbiosis between the human host and the gut microbiota. 24618254 16 51 theme other 1883:1887 arg1 members 1900:1906 other microbiota members 1883:1906 other microbiota members 1883:1906 The cleaved glycans can be utilized by Bacteroides and other microbiota members, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host. 24618254 15 52 theme glycans 1772:1778 arg1 variety 1761:1767 a wide variety 1754:1767 a wide variety of glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases 1754:1825 It is known for its ability to degrade a wide variety of glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases. 24618254 15 52 theme glycans 1772:1778 arg1 substrates 1793:1802 substrates 1793:1802 substrates for human glycosidases 1793:1825 It is known for its ability to degrade a wide variety of glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases. 24618254 15 52 theme glycans 1772:1778 arg1 glycans 1772:1778 glycans 1772:1778 glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases 1772:1825 It is known for its ability to degrade a wide variety of glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases. 24618254 5 53 theme microbiota 650:659 arg1 members 629:635 important members 619:635 important members of the human microbiota 619:659 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 5 53 theme microbiota 650:659 arg1 fragilis 573:580 Bacteroides fragilis 561:580 Bacteroides fragilis 561:580 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 5 53 theme microbiota 650:659 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 598:613 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 586:613 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 586:613 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 10 54 theme Similar 1159:1165 arg1 results 1167:1173 Similar results 1159:1173 Similar results 1159:1173 Similar results were obtained for B. thetaiotaomicron. 24618254 12 55 theme pack 1357:1360 arg1 proteins 1369:1376 pack acidic proteins 1357:1376 pack acidic proteins into the OMV 1357:1389 Based on these results, we propose that these species possess machinery devoted to selectively pack acidic proteins into the OMV. 24618254 2 56 theme several 262:268 arg1 roles 280:284 several different roles 262:284 several different roles 262:284 OMV have been proposed to play several different roles during both pathogenesis and symbiosis. 24618254 7 57 theme different 842:850 arg1 profiles 860:867 dramatically different protein profiles 829:867 dramatically different protein profiles 829:867 SDS-PAGE analysis of both fractions revealed dramatically different protein profiles. 24618254 1 58 theme outer 184:188 arg1 OM 200:201 OM 200:201 OM 200:201 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 58 theme outer 184:188 arg1 membrane 190:197 the outer membrane 180:197 the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 180:228 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 13 59 from present 1517:1523 arg1 microbiota 1532:1541 the microbiota 1528:1541 the microbiota 1528:1541 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 18 60 dep B. 2162:2163 arg1 fragilis 2165:2172 B. fragilis 2162:2172 B. fragilis 2162:2172 In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). 24618254 18 60 dep B. 2162:2163 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 2181:2196 thetaiotaomicron 2181:2196 thetaiotaomicron 2181:2196 In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). 24618254 17 61 theme genus 2022:2026 arg1 Bacteroides 2028:2038 the genus Bacteroides 2018:2038 the genus Bacteroides 2018:2038 Although members of the genus Bacteroides are known to secrete different hydrolases, their secretion pathways remain uncharacterized. 24618254 15 62 theme human 1808:1812 arg1 glycosidases 1814:1825 human glycosidases 1808:1825 human glycosidases 1808:1825 It is known for its ability to degrade a wide variety of glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases. 24618254 13 63 theme bacterial 1497:1505 arg1 community 1507:1515 the whole bacterial community 1487:1515 the whole bacterial community 1487:1515 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 8 64 from analysis 880:887 arg1 fragilis 909:916 B. fragilis 906:916 B. fragilis 906:916 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 13 65 theme present 1517:1523 arg1 nutrients 1458:1466 nutrients 1458:1466 nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota 1458:1541 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 18 66 theme outer 2250:2254 arg1 vesicles 2265:2272 outer membrane vesicles 2250:2272 outer membrane vesicles (OMV) 2250:2278 In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). 24618254 18 66 theme outer 2250:2254 arg1 OMV 2275:2277 OMV 2275:2277 OMV 2275:2277 In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). 24618254 21 67 theme gut 2562:2564 arg1 microbiota 2566:2575 the gut microbiota 2558:2575 the gut microbiota 2558:2575 We propose that OMV contribute to the establishment and balance of the gut microbiota. 24618254 14 68 from players 1643:1649 arg1 symbiosis 1658:1666 the symbiosis 1654:1666 the symbiosis between the human host and the gut microbiota 1654:1712 IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides are key players in the symbiosis between the human host and the gut microbiota. 24618254 14 69 theme key 1639:1641 arg1 players 1643:1649 key players 1639:1649 key players in the symbiosis between the human host and the gut microbiota 1639:1712 IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides are key players in the symbiosis between the human host and the gut microbiota. 24618254 14 69 theme key 1639:1641 arg1 IMPORTANCE 1591:1600 IMPORTANCE 1591:1600 IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides 1591:1633 IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides are key players in the symbiosis between the human host and the gut microbiota. 24618254 8 70 from OMV 899:901 arg1 fragilis 909:916 B. fragilis 906:916 B. fragilis 906:916 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 0 71 theme outer 75:79 arg1 vesicles 90:97 Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles 63:97 Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles 63:97 Preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles. 24618254 14 72 theme Bacteroides 1623:1633 arg1 members 1606:1612 The members 1602:1612 IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides 1591:1633 IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides are key players in the symbiosis between the human host and the gut microbiota. 24618254 1 73 theme spherical 134:142 arg1 structures 155:164 spherical membranous structures 134:164 spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 134:228 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 73 theme spherical 134:142 arg1 vesicles 115:122 Outer membrane vesicles 100:122 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) 100:128 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 8 74 from OM 892:893 arg1 fragilis 909:916 B. fragilis 906:916 B. fragilis 906:916 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 4 75 theme passive 494:500 arg1 disintegration 502:515 passive disintegration 494:515 passive disintegration of the OM 494:525 Whether OMV are produced by an active mechanism or by passive disintegration of the OM is a still matter of controversy. 24618254 20 76 theme responsible 2422:2432 arg1 mechanism 2397:2405 a molecular mechanism 2385:2405 a molecular mechanism in Bacteroides responsible for the selection of OMV proteins 2385:2466 This suggests the presence of a molecular mechanism in Bacteroides responsible for the selection of OMV proteins based on their charge. 24618254 18 77 theme large 2220:2224 arg1 number 2226:2231 a large number 2218:2231 a large number of hydrolases 2218:2245 In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). 24618254 4 78 theme active 471:476 arg1 mechanism 478:486 an active mechanism 468:486 an active mechanism 468:486 Whether OMV are produced by an active mechanism or by passive disintegration of the OM is a still matter of controversy. 24618254 8 79 from fragilis 909:916 arg1 analysis 880:887 Proteomic analysis 870:887 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis 870:916 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 19 80 located detected 2326:2333 arg1 OMV 2350:2352 OMV 2350:2352 OMV 2350:2352 Most of these hydrolases are acidic and were detected exclusively in OMV. 24618254 19 80 located detected 2326:2333 arg2 Most 2281:2284 Most 2281:2284 Most 2281:2284 Most of these hydrolases are acidic and were detected exclusively in OMV. 24618254 19 80 located detected 2326:2333 arg2 hydrolases 2295:2304 these hydrolases 2289:2304 these hydrolases 2289:2304 Most of these hydrolases are acidic and were detected exclusively in OMV. 24618254 0 81 theme acidic 24:29 arg1 glycosidases 31:42 acidic glycosidases 24:42 acidic glycosidases 24:42 Preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into Bacteroides outer membrane vesicles. 24618254 5 82 theme Bacteroides 561:571 arg1 members 629:635 important members 619:635 important members of the human microbiota 619:659 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 5 82 theme Bacteroides 561:571 arg1 fragilis 573:580 Bacteroides fragilis 561:580 Bacteroides fragilis 561:580 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 5 82 theme Bacteroides 561:571 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 598:613 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 586:613 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 586:613 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. 24618254 16 83 theme short-chain 1940:1950 arg1 acids 1958:1962 short-chain fatty acids 1940:1962 short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host 1940:1995 The cleaved glycans can be utilized by Bacteroides and other microbiota members, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host. 24618254 8 84 theme OM 892:893 arg1 analysis 880:887 Proteomic analysis 870:887 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis 870:916 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 3 85 theme several 367:373 arg1 decades 375:381 several decades 367:381 several decades 367:381 Despite the fact that OMV were described several decades ago, their biogenesis is a poorly characterized process. 24618254 16 86 theme fatty 1952:1956 arg1 acids 1958:1962 short-chain fatty acids 1940:1962 short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host 1940:1995 The cleaved glycans can be utilized by Bacteroides and other microbiota members, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host. 24618254 9 87 theme glycosidases 1083:1094 arg1 prevalence 1069:1078 a high prevalence 1062:1078 a high prevalence of glycosidases and proteases, some of which were shown to be active in vitro 1062:1156 The OMV-specific proteome showed a high prevalence of glycosidases and proteases, some of which were shown to be active in vitro. 24618254 8 88 theme OMV 899:901 arg1 analysis 880:887 Proteomic analysis 870:887 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis 870:916 Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. 24618254 9 89 theme proteases 1100:1108 arg1 prevalence 1069:1078 a high prevalence 1062:1078 a high prevalence of glycosidases and proteases, some of which were shown to be active in vitro 1062:1156 The OMV-specific proteome showed a high prevalence of glycosidases and proteases, some of which were shown to be active in vitro. 24618254 13 90 attach present 1517:1523 arg2 nutrients 1458:1466 nutrients 1458:1466 nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota 1458:1541 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 13 90 attach present 1517:1523 arg1 microbiota 1532:1541 the microbiota 1528:1541 the microbiota 1528:1541 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 4 91 theme OM 524:525 arg1 disintegration 502:515 passive disintegration 494:515 passive disintegration of the OM 494:525 Whether OMV are produced by an active mechanism or by passive disintegration of the OM is a still matter of controversy. 24618254 17 92 theme different 2061:2069 arg1 hydrolases 2071:2080 different hydrolases 2061:2080 different hydrolases 2061:2080 Although members of the genus Bacteroides are known to secrete different hydrolases, their secretion pathways remain uncharacterized. 24618254 13 93 theme hydrolytic 1416:1425 arg1 enzymes 1427:1433 hydrolytic enzymes 1416:1433 hydrolytic enzymes 1416:1433 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 1 94 theme bacteria 221:228 arg1 OM 200:201 OM 200:201 OM 200:201 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 1 94 theme bacteria 221:228 arg1 membrane 190:197 the outer membrane 180:197 the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria 180:228 Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. 24618254 16 95 theme microbiota 1889:1898 arg1 members 1900:1906 other microbiota members 1883:1906 other microbiota members 1883:1906 The cleaved glycans can be utilized by Bacteroides and other microbiota members, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host. 24618254 13 96 from microbiota 1532:1541 arg1 present 1517:1523 present 1517:1523 present 1517:1523 These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. 24618254 17 97 theme secretion 2089:2097 arg1 pathways 2099:2106 their secretion pathways 2083:2106 their secretion pathways 2083:2106 Although members of the genus Bacteroides are known to secrete different hydrolases, their secretion pathways remain uncharacterized. 24618254 6 98 theme protein 707:713 arg1 compositions 715:726 the protein compositions 703:726 the protein compositions of OM and OMV 703:740 In this work, we determined and compared the protein compositions of OM and OMV from B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron. 25717099 0 0 theme Niemann-Pick 94:105 arg1 disease 115:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. 25717099 2 1 theme NPC 502:504 arg1 disease 506:512 NPC disease 502:512 NPC disease 502:512 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 6 2 theme nervous 1338:1344 arg1 system 1346:1351 the central nervous system 1326:1351 the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials 1326:1415 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 6 2 theme nervous 1338:1344 arg1 important 1366:1374 important 1366:1374 important 1366:1374 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 0 3 theme feline 87:92 arg1 disease 115:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. 25717099 1 4 theme hepatic 323:329 arg1 disease 331:337 hepatic disease 323:337 hepatic disease 323:337 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 6 5 theme central 1330:1336 arg1 system 1346:1351 the central nervous system 1326:1351 the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials 1326:1415 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 6 5 theme central 1330:1336 arg1 important 1366:1374 important 1366:1374 important 1366:1374 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 6 6 theme clinical 1401:1408 arg1 trials 1410:1415 clinical trials 1401:1415 clinical trials 1401:1415 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 5 7 theme hearing 1135:1141 arg1 threshold 1143:1151 hearing threshold 1135:1151 hearing threshold 1135:1151 An increase in hearing threshold was identified as a potential adverse effect. 25717099 6 8 from data 1261:1264 arg1 efficacy 1269:1276 efficacy 1269:1276 efficacy 1269:1276 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 6 8 from data 1261:1264 arg1 safety 1282:1287 safety 1282:1287 safety 1282:1287 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 0 9 theme C1 112:113 arg1 disease 115:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. 25717099 3 10 theme NPC 719:721 arg1 disease 723:729 NPC disease 719:729 NPC disease 719:729 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 3 11 theme sphingolipids 901:913 arg1 cell 841:844 Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids 832:913 cell 841:844 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 3 11 theme sphingolipids 901:913 arg1 concentrations 867:880 near-normal concentrations 855:880 near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids 855:913 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 3 12 theme Purkinje 832:839 arg1 cell 841:844 Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids 832:913 cell 841:844 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 0 13 theme type 107:110 arg1 disease 115:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. 25717099 2 14 theme pulmonary 607:615 arg1 toxicity 617:624 pulmonary toxicity 607:624 pulmonary toxicity 607:624 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 6 15 theme animal 1225:1230 arg1 model 1232:1236 a feline animal model 1216:1236 a feline animal model 1216:1236 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 4 16 with cats 972:975 arg1 dysfunction 1001:1011 ongoing cerebellar dysfunction 982:1011 ongoing cerebellar dysfunction 982:1011 Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. 25717099 3 17 with cats 709:712 arg1 disease 723:729 NPC disease 719:729 NPC disease 719:729 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 5 18 from increase 1123:1130 arg1 threshold 1143:1151 hearing threshold 1135:1151 hearing threshold 1135:1151 An increase in hearing threshold was identified as a potential adverse effect. 25717099 1 19 theme progressive 343:353 arg1 disease 368:374 progressive neurological disease 343:374 progressive neurological disease 343:374 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 6 20 theme feline 1218:1223 arg1 model 1232:1236 a feline animal model 1216:1236 a feline animal model 1216:1236 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 4 21 theme HPβCD 959:963 arg1 administration 926:939 administration 926:939 administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction 926:1011 Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. 25717099 2 22 theme hepatic 526:532 arg1 disease 534:540 hepatic disease 526:540 hepatic disease 526:540 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 1 23 theme neurological 355:366 arg1 disease 368:374 progressive neurological disease 343:374 progressive neurological disease 343:374 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 5 24 theme potential 1173:1181 arg1 increase 1123:1130 An increase 1120:1130 An increase in hearing threshold 1120:1151 An increase in hearing threshold was identified as a potential adverse effect. 25717099 5 24 theme potential 1173:1181 arg1 effect 1191:1196 a potential adverse effect 1171:1196 a potential adverse effect 1171:1196 An increase in hearing threshold was identified as a potential adverse effect. 25717099 2 25 theme 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 450:479 arg1 administration 403:416 subcutaneous administration 390:416 subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease 390:512 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 1 26 theme lysosomal 164:172 arg1 disease 182:188 a lysosomal storage disease 162:188 a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease 162:374 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 1 26 theme lysosomal 164:172 arg1 disease 151:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 0 27 from dysfunction 48:58 arg1 disease 115:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. 25717099 6 28 theme drug 1292:1295 arg1 administration 1297:1310 drug administration 1292:1310 drug administration 1292:1310 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 3 29 theme cerebellar 754:763 arg1 dysfunction 765:775 cerebellar dysfunction 754:775 cerebellar dysfunction 754:775 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 1 30 theme storage 174:180 arg1 disease 182:188 a lysosomal storage disease 162:188 a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease 162:374 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 1 30 theme storage 174:180 arg1 disease 151:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 0 31 theme Intracisternal 0:13 arg1 cyclodextrin 15:26 Intracisternal cyclodextrin 0:26 Intracisternal cyclodextrin 0:26 Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. 25717099 5 32 theme adverse 1183:1189 arg1 increase 1123:1130 An increase 1120:1130 An increase in hearing threshold 1120:1151 An increase in hearing threshold was identified as a potential adverse effect. 25717099 5 32 theme adverse 1183:1189 arg1 effect 1191:1196 a potential adverse effect 1171:1196 a potential adverse effect 1171:1196 An increase in hearing threshold was identified as a potential adverse effect. 25717099 0 33 theme cerebellar 37:46 arg1 dysfunction 48:58 cerebellar dysfunction 37:58 cerebellar dysfunction 37:58 Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. 25717099 1 34 theme unesterified 254:265 arg1 cholesterol 267:277 unesterified cholesterol 254:277 unesterified cholesterol 254:277 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 2 35 theme pharmaceutical 425:438 arg1 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 450:479 the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 421:479 the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) 421:487 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 2 35 theme pharmaceutical 425:438 arg1 HPβCD 482:486 HPβCD 482:486 HPβCD 482:486 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 3 36 theme dysfunction 765:775 arg1 onset 745:749 the onset 741:749 the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year 741:799 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 1 37 from increase 242:249 arg1 cholesterol 267:277 unesterified cholesterol 254:277 unesterified cholesterol 254:277 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 1 37 from increase 242:249 arg1 sphingolipids 291:303 several sphingolipids 283:303 several sphingolipids 283:303 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 4 38 theme survival 1051:1058 arg1 time 1060:1063 survival time 1051:1063 survival time 1051:1063 Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. 25717099 2 39 theme sufficient 553:562 arg1 doses 547:551 doses 547:551 doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease 547:593 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 3 40 theme cisterna 676:683 arg1 magna 685:689 the cisterna magna 672:689 the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease 672:729 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 6 41 from studies 1205:1211 arg1 model 1232:1236 a feline animal model 1216:1236 a feline animal model 1216:1236 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 6 42 theme administration 1297:1310 arg1 efficacy 1269:1276 efficacy 1269:1276 efficacy 1269:1276 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 6 42 theme administration 1297:1310 arg1 safety 1282:1287 safety 1282:1287 safety 1282:1287 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 1 43 theme several 283:289 arg1 sphingolipids 291:303 several sphingolipids 283:303 several sphingolipids 283:303 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 4 44 theme NPC 968:970 arg1 cats 972:975 NPC cats 968:975 NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction 968:1011 Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. 25717099 3 45 theme HPβCD 661:665 arg1 administration 643:656 direct administration 636:656 direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease 636:729 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 2 46 theme excipient 440:448 arg1 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 450:479 the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 421:479 the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) 421:487 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 2 46 theme excipient 440:448 arg1 HPβCD 482:486 HPβCD 482:486 HPβCD 482:486 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 1 47 from mutations 200:208 arg1 gene 222:225 the NPC1 gene 213:225 the NPC1 gene 213:225 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 2 48 theme subcutaneous 390:401 arg1 administration 403:416 subcutaneous administration 390:416 subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease 390:512 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 0 49 theme cell 73:76 arg1 death 78:82 Purkinje cell death 64:82 Purkinje cell death 64:82 Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. 25717099 4 50 theme ongoing 982:988 arg1 dysfunction 1001:1011 ongoing cerebellar dysfunction 982:1011 ongoing cerebellar dysfunction 982:1011 Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. 25717099 0 51 from death 78:82 arg1 disease 115:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease 87:121 Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. 25717099 4 52 theme intracisternal 944:957 arg1 HPβCD 959:963 intracisternal HPβCD 944:963 intracisternal HPβCD 944:963 Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. 25717099 1 53 theme Niemann-Pick 124:135 arg1 disease 182:188 a lysosomal storage disease 162:188 a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease 162:374 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 1 53 theme Niemann-Pick 124:135 arg1 disease 151:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 0 54 theme Purkinje 64:71 arg1 death 78:82 Purkinje cell death 64:82 Purkinje cell death 64:82 Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. 25717099 3 55 theme presymptomatic 694:707 arg1 cats 709:712 presymptomatic cats 694:712 presymptomatic cats with NPC disease 694:729 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 3 56 dep cell 841:844 arg1 loss 846:849 loss 846:849 loss 846:849 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 1 57 theme type 137:140 arg1 disease 182:188 a lysosomal storage disease 162:188 a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease 162:374 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 1 57 theme type 137:140 arg1 disease 151:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 3 58 from reduction 819:827 arg1 cell 841:844 Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids 832:913 cell 841:844 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 3 58 from reduction 819:827 arg1 concentrations 867:880 near-normal concentrations 855:880 near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids 855:913 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 3 59 theme cats 709:712 arg1 magna 685:689 the cisterna magna 672:689 the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease 672:729 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 1 60 dep mutations 200:208 arg1 resulting 310:318 resulting 310:318 resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease 310:374 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 1 60 dep mutations 200:208 arg1 leading 228:234 leading 228:234 leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids 228:303 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 1 61 theme C1 142:143 arg1 disease 182:188 a lysosomal storage disease 162:188 a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease 162:374 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 1 61 theme C1 142:143 arg1 disease 151:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 3 62 theme cholesterol 885:895 arg1 cell 841:844 Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids 832:913 cell 841:844 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 3 62 theme cholesterol 885:895 arg1 concentrations 867:880 near-normal concentrations 855:880 near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids 855:913 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 2 63 theme neurological 574:585 arg1 disease 587:593 neurological disease 574:593 neurological disease 574:593 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 6 64 theme critical 1252:1259 arg1 data 1261:1264 critical data 1252:1264 critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration 1252:1310 These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials. 25717099 3 65 theme near-normal 855:865 arg1 concentrations 867:880 near-normal concentrations 855:880 near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids 855:913 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 1 66 theme NPC1 217:220 arg1 gene 222:225 the NPC1 gene 213:225 the NPC1 gene 213:225 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 4 67 theme disease 1020:1026 arg1 progression 1028:1038 disease progression 1020:1038 disease progression 1020:1038 Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. 25717099 4 68 theme gangliosides 1106:1117 arg1 accumulation 1084:1095 the accumulation 1080:1095 the accumulation of brain gangliosides 1080:1117 Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. 25717099 1 69 theme NPC 146:148 arg1 disease 182:188 a lysosomal storage disease 162:188 a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease 162:374 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 1 69 theme NPC 146:148 arg1 disease 151:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease 124:157 Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. 25717099 3 70 theme direct 636:641 arg1 administration 643:656 direct administration 636:656 direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease 636:729 However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. 25717099 2 71 with cats 492:495 arg1 disease 506:512 NPC disease 502:512 NPC disease 502:512 We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. 25717099 4 72 theme cerebellar 990:999 arg1 dysfunction 1001:1011 ongoing cerebellar dysfunction 982:1011 ongoing cerebellar dysfunction 982:1011 Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. 25717099 4 73 theme brain 1100:1104 arg1 gangliosides 1106:1117 brain gangliosides 1100:1117 brain gangliosides 1100:1117 Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. 25883679 7 0 theme hydrothermal 1480:1491 arg1 pretreatment 1493:1504 harsh hydrothermal pretreatment 1474:1504 harsh hydrothermal pretreatment 1474:1504 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. 25883679 9 1 from biorefinery 2039:2049 arg1 understanding 1854:1866 An extensive understanding 1841:1866 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment 1841:1961 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 9 1 from biorefinery 2039:2049 arg1 beneficial 1971:1980 beneficial 1971:1980 beneficial 1971:1980 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 1 2 theme cell 263:266 arg1 walls 268:272 cell walls 263:272 cell walls 263:272 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 2 3 theme liquor 567:572 arg1 phase 574:578 the liquor phase 563:578 the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process 563:619 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 7 4 theme polysaccharides 1412:1426 arg1 degradation 1393:1403 the degradation 1389:1403 the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins 1389:1438 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. 25883679 3 5 theme low 699:701 arg1 level 703:707 a relatively low level 686:707 a relatively low level of xylose 686:717 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 8 6 theme hydrothermal 1707:1718 arg1 condition 1733:1741 the hydrothermal pretreatment condition 1703:1741 the hydrothermal pretreatment condition 1703:1741 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 1 7 theme bio-based 174:182 arg1 chemicals 184:192 bioethanol and bio-based chemicals 159:192 bioethanol and bio-based chemicals 159:192 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 1 8 theme enzymatic 277:285 arg1 deconstruction 301:314 enzymatic and microbial deconstruction 277:314 deconstruction 301:314 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 9 9 theme hydrothermal 1937:1948 arg1 pretreatment 1950:1961 the hydrothermal pretreatment 1933:1961 the hydrothermal pretreatment 1933:1961 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 8 10 from impact 1760:1765 arg1 compositions 1774:1785 the compositions 1770:1785 the compositions 1770:1785 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 6 11 theme degraded 1205:1212 arg1 products 1214:1221 the degraded products 1201:1221 the degraded products (especially furfural) 1201:1243 Meanwhile, the concentrations of the degraded products (especially furfural) increased as a function of pretreatment temperature and time. 25883679 9 12 from understanding 1854:1866 arg1 lignins 1918:1924 lignins 1918:1924 lignins 1918:1924 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 9 12 from understanding 1854:1866 arg1 polysaccharides 1898:1912 polysaccharides 1898:1912 polysaccharides 1898:1912 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 6 13 theme time 1301:1304 arg1 function 1260:1267 a function 1258:1267 a function of pretreatment temperature and time 1258:1304 Meanwhile, the concentrations of the degraded products (especially furfural) increased as a function of pretreatment temperature and time. 25883679 2 14 theme degraded 511:518 arg1 products 520:527 the degraded products 507:527 the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins 507:558 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 6 15 theme temperature 1285:1295 arg1 function 1260:1267 a function 1258:1267 a function of pretreatment temperature and time 1258:1304 Meanwhile, the concentrations of the degraded products (especially furfural) increased as a function of pretreatment temperature and time. 25883679 1 16 theme necessary 221:229 arg1 step 231:234 a necessary step 219:234 a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction 219:314 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 1 16 theme necessary 221:229 arg1 pretreatment 203:214 pretreatment 203:214 pretreatment 203:214 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 7 17 theme water-soluble 1332:1344 arg1 polysaccharides 1346:1360 the water-soluble polysaccharides 1328:1360 the water-soluble polysaccharides 1328:1360 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. 25883679 9 18 theme value-added 1985:1995 arg1 applications 1997:2008 value-added applications 1985:2008 value-added applications of multiple chemicals 1985:2030 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 3 19 theme degraded 729:736 arg1 products 738:745 other degraded products 723:745 other degraded products 723:745 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 4 20 from 170°C 916:920 arg1 >0.5 h 906:911 >0.5 h 906:911 >0.5 h 906:911 Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. 25883679 8 21 dep CONCLUSIONS 1655:1665 arg1 demonstrated 1685:1696 demonstrated 1685:1696 demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products 1685:1838 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 9 22 from polysaccharides 1898:1912 arg1 understanding 1854:1866 An extensive understanding 1841:1866 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment 1841:1961 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 9 22 from polysaccharides 1898:1912 arg1 products 1884:1891 the degraded products 1871:1891 the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment 1871:1961 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 9 22 from polysaccharides 1898:1912 arg1 beneficial 1971:1980 beneficial 1971:1980 beneficial 1971:1980 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 1 23 theme plant 139:143 arg1 walls 150:154 plant cell walls 139:154 plant cell walls 139:154 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 2 24 theme work 472:475 arg1 focus 458:462 the focus 454:462 the focus of this work 454:475 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 7 25 theme Molecular 1307:1315 arg1 weights 1317:1323 Molecular weights 1307:1323 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins 1307:1372 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. 25883679 9 26 theme chemicals 2022:2030 arg1 applications 1997:2008 value-added applications 1985:2008 value-added applications of multiple chemicals 1985:2030 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 8 27 contain had 1743:1745 arg1 condition 1733:1741 the hydrothermal pretreatment condition 1703:1741 the hydrothermal pretreatment condition 1703:1741 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 8 27 contain had 1743:1745 arg2 impact 1760:1765 a remarkable impact 1747:1765 a remarkable impact on the compositions 1747:1785 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 8 27 contain had 1743:1745 arg2 structures 1804:1813 the chemical structures 1791:1813 the chemical structures of the degraded products 1791:1838 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 8 28 theme chemical 1795:1802 arg1 structures 1804:1813 the chemical structures 1791:1813 the chemical structures of the degraded products 1791:1838 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 1 29 theme walls 150:154 arg1 Conversion 125:134 BACKGROUND Conversion 114:134 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals 114:192 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 2 30 theme polysaccharides 532:546 arg1 products 520:527 the degraded products 507:527 the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins 507:558 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 1 31 theme bioethanol 159:168 arg1 chemicals 184:192 bioethanol and bio-based chemicals 159:192 bioethanol and bio-based chemicals 159:192 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 3 32 theme reaction 826:833 arg1 time 835:838 a short reaction time 818:838 a short reaction time (0.5 h) 818:846 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 3 32 theme reaction 826:833 arg1 0.5 h 841:845 0.5 h 841:845 0.5 h 841:845 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 4 33 theme reaction 891:898 arg1 time 900:903 longer reaction time 884:903 longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) 884:921 Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. 25883679 3 34 theme pretreatment 781:792 arg1 temperature 794:804 a relatively high pretreatment temperature 763:804 a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) 763:812 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 3 34 theme pretreatment 781:792 arg1 170°C 807:811 170°C 807:811 170°C 807:811 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 0 35 theme sweet 93:97 arg1 stems 107:111 sweet sorghum stems 93:111 sweet sorghum stems 93:111 Systematic evaluation of the degraded products evolved from the hydrothermal pretreatment of sweet sorghum stems. 25883679 8 36 theme degraded 1822:1829 arg1 products 1831:1838 the degraded products 1818:1838 the degraded products 1818:1838 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 0 37 theme stems 107:111 arg1 pretreatment 77:88 the hydrothermal pretreatment 60:88 the hydrothermal pretreatment of sweet sorghum stems 60:111 Systematic evaluation of the degraded products evolved from the hydrothermal pretreatment of sweet sorghum stems. 25883679 8 38 theme water-soluble 1524:1536 arg1 polysaccharides 1538:1552 the water-soluble polysaccharides 1520:1552 the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) 1520:1568 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 2 39 theme hydrothermal 382:393 arg1 processes 408:416 various hydrothermal pretreatment processes 374:416 various hydrothermal pretreatment processes 374:416 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 0 40 theme Systematic 0:9 arg1 evaluation 11:20 Systematic evaluation 0:20 Systematic evaluation of the degraded products 0:45 Systematic evaluation of the degraded products evolved from the hydrothermal pretreatment of sweet sorghum stems. 25883679 5 41 theme lower 1127:1131 arg1 amounts 1133:1139 lower amounts 1127:1139 lower amounts of 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units 1127:1165 The xylooligosaccharides obtained are composed of xylopyranosyl residues, together with lower amounts of 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units. 25883679 5 41 theme lower 1127:1131 arg1 units 1161:1165 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units 1144:1165 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units 1144:1165 The xylooligosaccharides obtained are composed of xylopyranosyl residues, together with lower amounts of 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units. 25883679 9 42 from lignins 1918:1924 arg1 understanding 1854:1866 An extensive understanding 1841:1866 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment 1841:1961 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 9 42 from lignins 1918:1924 arg1 products 1884:1891 the degraded products 1871:1891 the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment 1871:1961 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 9 42 from lignins 1918:1924 arg1 beneficial 1971:1980 beneficial 1971:1980 beneficial 1971:1980 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 1 43 theme microbial 291:299 arg1 deconstruction 301:314 enzymatic and microbial deconstruction 277:314 deconstruction 301:314 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 3 44 theme maximum 634:640 arg1 yield 642:646 The maximum yield 630:646 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products 622:745 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 0 45 theme degraded 29:36 arg1 products 38:45 the degraded products 25:45 the degraded products 25:45 Systematic evaluation of the degraded products evolved from the hydrothermal pretreatment of sweet sorghum stems. 25883679 4 46 theme decreasing 937:946 arg1 yield 948:952 a decreasing yield 935:952 a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides 935:976 Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. 25883679 2 47 dep 230°C 428:432 arg1 2.0 h 442:446 2.0 h 442:446 2.0 h 442:446 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 2 47 dep 230°C 428:432 arg1 to 425:426 to 425:426 to 425:426 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 2 48 theme sorghum 342:348 arg1 stems 350:354 the sweet sorghum stems 332:354 the sweet sorghum stems 332:354 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 4 49 theme arabinose 1014:1022 arg1 concentration 997:1009 the concentration 993:1009 the concentration of arabinose and galactose 993:1036 Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. 25883679 8 50 theme water-soluble 1574:1586 arg1 linkages 1611:1618 rich in β-O-4 linkages 1597:1618 rich in β-O-4 linkages 1597:1618 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 8 50 theme water-soluble 1574:1586 arg1 lignins 1588:1594 water-soluble lignins 1574:1594 water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) 1574:1619 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 8 51 dep polysaccharides 1538:1552 arg1 rich 1555:1558 rich 1555:1558 rich 1555:1558 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 7 52 theme pretreatment 1493:1504 arg1 conditions 1460:1469 the conditions 1456:1469 the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment 1456:1504 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. 25883679 4 53 theme galactose 1028:1036 arg1 concentration 997:1009 the concentration 993:1009 the concentration of arabinose and galactose 993:1036 Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. 25883679 3 54 with xylooligosaccharides 651:670 arg1 level 703:707 a relatively low level 686:707 a relatively low level of xylose 686:717 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 7 55 theme harsh 1474:1478 arg1 pretreatment 1493:1504 harsh hydrothermal pretreatment 1474:1504 harsh hydrothermal pretreatment 1474:1504 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. 25883679 9 56 theme products 1884:1891 arg1 understanding 1854:1866 An extensive understanding 1841:1866 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment 1841:1961 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 9 56 theme products 1884:1891 arg1 beneficial 1971:1980 beneficial 1971:1980 beneficial 1971:1980 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 8 57 from xylan 1563:1567 arg1 rich 1555:1558 rich 1555:1558 rich 1555:1558 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 5 58 theme units 1161:1165 arg1 amounts 1133:1139 lower amounts 1127:1139 lower amounts of 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units 1127:1165 The xylooligosaccharides obtained are composed of xylopyranosyl residues, together with lower amounts of 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units. 25883679 5 58 theme units 1161:1165 arg1 units 1161:1165 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units 1144:1165 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units 1144:1165 The xylooligosaccharides obtained are composed of xylopyranosyl residues, together with lower amounts of 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units. 25883679 8 59 from rich 1555:1558 arg1 xylan 1563:1567 xylan 1563:1567 xylan 1563:1567 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 8 60 theme present 1671:1677 arg1 study 1679:1683 The present study 1667:1683 The present study 1667:1683 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 1 61 theme walls 268:272 arg1 recalcitrance 246:258 recalcitrance 246:258 recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction 246:314 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 7 62 theme lignins 1432:1438 arg1 degradation 1393:1403 the degradation 1389:1403 the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins 1389:1438 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. 25883679 2 63 theme pretreatment 600:611 arg1 process 613:619 the pretreatment process 596:619 the pretreatment process 596:619 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 6 64 theme products 1214:1221 arg1 Meanwhile 1168:1176 Meanwhile 1168:1176 Meanwhile 1168:1176 Meanwhile, the concentrations of the degraded products (especially furfural) increased as a function of pretreatment temperature and time. 25883679 6 64 theme products 1214:1221 arg1 concentrations 1183:1196 the concentrations 1179:1196 the concentrations of the degraded products (especially furfural) 1179:1243 Meanwhile, the concentrations of the degraded products (especially furfural) increased as a function of pretreatment temperature and time. 25883679 3 65 theme other 723:727 arg1 products 738:745 other degraded products 723:745 other degraded products 723:745 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 8 66 from β-O-4 1605:1609 arg1 rich 1597:1600 rich 1597:1600 rich 1597:1600 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 8 67 theme pretreatment 1720:1731 arg1 condition 1733:1741 the hydrothermal pretreatment condition 1703:1741 the hydrothermal pretreatment condition 1703:1741 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 3 68 theme xylose 712:717 arg1 level 703:707 a relatively low level 686:707 a relatively low level of xylose 686:717 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 8 69 from rich 1597:1600 arg1 β-O-4 1605:1609 β-O-4 1605:1609 β-O-4 1605:1609 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 7 70 theme lignins 1366:1372 arg1 weights 1317:1323 Molecular weights 1307:1323 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins 1307:1372 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. 25883679 6 71 theme pretreatment 1272:1283 arg1 temperature 1285:1295 pretreatment temperature 1272:1295 pretreatment temperature 1272:1295 Meanwhile, the concentrations of the degraded products (especially furfural) increased as a function of pretreatment temperature and time. 25883679 8 72 theme remarkable 1749:1758 arg1 impact 1760:1765 a remarkable impact 1747:1765 a remarkable impact on the compositions 1747:1785 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 1 73 theme BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 Conversion 125:134 BACKGROUND Conversion 114:134 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals 114:192 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 2 74 theme lignins 552:558 arg1 products 520:527 the degraded products 507:527 the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins 507:558 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 7 75 theme polysaccharides 1346:1360 arg1 weights 1317:1323 Molecular weights 1307:1323 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins 1307:1372 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. 25883679 3 76 theme products 738:745 arg1 yield 642:646 The maximum yield 630:646 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products 622:745 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 7 77 dep polysaccharides 1412:1426 arg1 the 1408:1410 the 1408:1410 the 1408:1410 Molecular weights of the water-soluble polysaccharides and lignins indicated that the degradation of the polysaccharides and lignins occurred during the conditions of harsh hydrothermal pretreatment. 25883679 3 78 theme short 820:824 arg1 time 835:838 a short reaction time 818:838 a short reaction time (0.5 h) 818:846 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 3 78 theme short 820:824 arg1 0.5 h 841:845 0.5 h 841:845 0.5 h 841:845 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 4 79 theme Higher 849:854 arg1 >170°C 869:874 >170°C 869:874 >170°C 869:874 Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. 25883679 4 79 theme Higher 849:854 arg1 temperature 856:866 Higher temperature 849:866 Higher temperature (>170°C) 849:875 Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. 25883679 9 80 theme multiple 2013:2020 arg1 chemicals 2022:2030 multiple chemicals 2013:2030 multiple chemicals 2013:2030 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 8 81 from structures 1804:1813 arg1 compositions 1774:1785 the compositions 1770:1785 the compositions 1770:1785 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 3 82 theme high 776:779 arg1 temperature 794:804 a relatively high pretreatment temperature 763:804 a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) 763:812 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 3 82 theme high 776:779 arg1 170°C 807:811 170°C 807:811 170°C 807:811 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 0 83 theme hydrothermal 64:75 arg1 pretreatment 77:88 the hydrothermal pretreatment 60:88 the hydrothermal pretreatment of sweet sorghum stems 60:111 Systematic evaluation of the degraded products evolved from the hydrothermal pretreatment of sweet sorghum stems. 25883679 1 84 theme cell 145:148 arg1 walls 150:154 plant cell walls 139:154 plant cell walls 139:154 BACKGROUND Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction. 25883679 4 85 dep time 900:903 arg1 >0.5 h 906:911 >0.5 h 906:911 >0.5 h 906:911 Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. 25883679 0 86 theme sorghum 99:105 arg1 stems 107:111 sweet sorghum stems 93:111 sweet sorghum stems 93:111 Systematic evaluation of the degraded products evolved from the hydrothermal pretreatment of sweet sorghum stems. 25883679 5 87 theme xylopyranosyl 1089:1101 arg1 residues 1103:1110 xylopyranosyl residues 1089:1110 xylopyranosyl residues 1089:1110 The xylooligosaccharides obtained are composed of xylopyranosyl residues, together with lower amounts of 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units. 25883679 3 88 with products 738:745 arg1 level 703:707 a relatively low level 686:707 a relatively low level of xylose 686:717 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 4 89 theme longer 884:889 arg1 time 900:903 longer reaction time 884:903 longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) 884:921 Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. 25883679 9 90 theme bioethanol 2055:2064 arg1 industry 2066:2073 bioethanol industry 2055:2073 bioethanol industry 2055:2073 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 2 91 dep subjected 361:369 arg1 230°C 428:432 230°C 428:432 230°C 428:432 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 2 92 theme pretreatment 395:406 arg1 processes 408:416 various hydrothermal pretreatment processes 374:416 various hydrothermal pretreatment processes 374:416 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 2 93 dep 2.0 h 442:446 arg1 to 439:440 to 439:440 to 439:440 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 8 94 theme products 1831:1838 arg1 structures 1804:1813 the chemical structures 1791:1813 the chemical structures of the degraded products 1791:1838 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 8 94 theme products 1831:1838 arg1 impact 1760:1765 a remarkable impact 1747:1765 a remarkable impact on the compositions 1747:1785 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 2 95 theme various 374:380 arg1 processes 408:416 various hydrothermal pretreatment processes 374:416 various hydrothermal pretreatment processes 374:416 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 4 96 theme xylooligosaccharides 957:976 arg1 yield 948:952 a decreasing yield 935:952 a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides 935:976 Higher temperature (>170°C) and/or longer reaction time (>0.5 h at 170°C) resulted in a decreasing yield of xylooligosaccharides, but increased the concentration of arabinose and galactose. 25883679 0 97 theme products 38:45 arg1 evaluation 11:20 Systematic evaluation 0:20 Systematic evaluation of the degraded products 0:45 Systematic evaluation of the degraded products evolved from the hydrothermal pretreatment of sweet sorghum stems. 25883679 5 98 theme 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA 1144:1159 arg1 units 1161:1165 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units 1144:1165 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units 1144:1165 The xylooligosaccharides obtained are composed of xylopyranosyl residues, together with lower amounts of 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units. 25883679 9 99 theme extensive 1844:1852 arg1 understanding 1854:1866 An extensive understanding 1841:1866 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment 1841:1961 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 9 99 theme extensive 1844:1852 arg1 beneficial 1971:1980 beneficial 1971:1980 beneficial 1971:1980 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 3 100 theme xylooligosaccharides 651:670 arg1 yield 642:646 The maximum yield 630:646 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products 622:745 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 2 101 theme sweet 336:340 arg1 stems 350:354 the sweet sorghum stems 332:354 the sweet sorghum stems 332:354 In this study, the sweet sorghum stems were subjected to various hydrothermal pretreatment processes (110°C to 230°C, 0.5 to 2.0 h), and the focus of this work is to systematically evaluate the degraded products of polysaccharides and lignins in the liquor phase obtained during the pretreatment process. 25883679 9 102 from beneficial 1971:1980 arg1 biorefinery 2039:2049 the biorefinery 2035:2049 the biorefinery for bioethanol industry 2035:2073 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 25883679 8 103 theme rich 1597:1600 arg1 linkages 1611:1618 rich in β-O-4 linkages 1597:1618 rich in β-O-4 linkages 1597:1618 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 8 103 theme rich 1597:1600 arg1 lignins 1588:1594 water-soluble lignins 1574:1594 water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) 1574:1619 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 8 104 theme 1.0 h. 1648:1653 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1655:1665 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products 1648:1838 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products 1648:1838 In addition, the water-soluble polysaccharides (rich in xylan) and water-soluble lignins (rich in β-O-4 linkages) were obtained at 170°C for 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment condition had a remarkable impact on the compositions and the chemical structures of the degraded products. 25883679 3 105 dep RESULTS 622:628 arg1 yield 642:646 The maximum yield 630:646 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products 622:745 RESULTS The maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides (52.25%) with a relatively low level of xylose and other degraded products was achieved at a relatively high pretreatment temperature (170°C) for a short reaction time (0.5 h). 25883679 6 106 dep products 1214:1221 arg1 furfural 1235:1242 furfural 1235:1242 furfural 1235:1242 Meanwhile, the concentrations of the degraded products (especially furfural) increased as a function of pretreatment temperature and time. 25883679 9 107 theme degraded 1875:1882 arg1 products 1884:1891 the degraded products 1871:1891 the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment 1871:1961 An extensive understanding of the degraded products from polysaccharides and lignins during the hydrothermal pretreatment will be beneficial to value-added applications of multiple chemicals in the biorefinery for bioethanol industry. 28566642 12 0 theme TG 1666:1667 arg1 administration 1638:1651 the administration 1634:1651 the administration of fenugreek TG 1634:1667 In addition, the administration of fenugreek TG reverted back the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme respectively in kidney and plasma by 33 and 29%. 28566642 1 1 theme chemical 247:254 arg1 compositions 256:267 chemical compositions 247:267 chemical compositions 247:267 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 5 2 theme fatty 765:769 arg1 acid 697:700 Linoleic acid 688:700 Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) 688:715 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 2 theme fatty 765:769 arg1 acid 727:730 Oleic acid 721:730 Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) 721:745 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 2 theme fatty 765:769 arg1 acids 771:775 the dominant fatty acids 752:775 the dominant fatty acids in the FSO 752:786 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 2 theme fatty 765:769 arg1 acid 667:670 Linolenic acid 657:670 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%) 657:685 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 0 3 theme Rats 173:176 arg1 Lipase 87:92 Lipase 87:92 Lipase 87:92 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 3 theme Rats 173:176 arg1 Activities 102:111 ACE Activities 98:111 ACE Activities 98:111 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 3 theme Rats 173:176 arg1 Functions 127:135 Liver-Kidney Functions 114:135 Liver-Kidney Functions 114:135 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 3 theme Rats 173:176 arg1 Disorders 151:159 Metabolic Disorders 141:159 Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats 141:176 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 10 4 theme insulin 1400:1406 arg1 sensibility 1408:1418 insulin sensibility 1400:1418 insulin sensibility which leads to decrease in blood glucose level by 43% 1400:1472 Moreover, fenugreek TG increased insulin sensibility which leads to decrease in blood glucose level by 43%. 28566642 8 5 dep -1-oxo-9 1160:1167 arg1 15Z 1156:1158 15Z 1156:1158 15Z 1156:1158 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 8 6 theme seed 957:960 arg1 extract 936:942 The hexane extract 925:942 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) 925:1028 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 13 7 theme small 1839:1843 arg1 intestine 1845:1853 small intestine 1839:1853 small intestine 1839:1853 Interestingly, the fenugreek TG inhibited lipase activity in small intestine by 33% which leads to the regulation of lipid profile. 28566642 1 8 theme fenugreek 298:306 arg1 oil 313:315 fenugreek seed oil 298:315 fenugreek seed oil (FSO) 298:321 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 1 8 theme fenugreek 298:306 arg1 FSO 318:320 FSO 318:320 FSO 318:320 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 3 9 theme iodine 554:559 arg1 values 561:566 the iodine values 550:566 the iodine values 550:566 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 8 10 theme powerful 978:985 arg1 activity 998:1005 the powerful inhibitory activity 974:1005 the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase 974:1027 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 0 11 theme ACE 98:100 arg1 Activities 102:111 ACE Activities 98:111 ACE Activities 98:111 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 5 12 theme C18:2 703:707 arg1 % 714:714 C18:2 41.13% 703:714 C18:2 41.13% 703:714 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 12 theme C18:2 703:707 arg1 acid 697:700 Linoleic acid 688:700 Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) 688:715 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 8 13 theme hexane 929:934 arg1 extract 936:942 The hexane extract 925:942 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) 925:1028 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 9 14 theme diabetic 1352:1359 arg1 rats 1361:1364 untreated diabetic rats 1342:1364 untreated diabetic rats 1342:1364 In diabetic rats, the administration of the fenugreek TG inhibited α-amylase activity in small intestine by 36% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. 28566642 10 15 theme glucose 1453:1459 arg1 level 1461:1465 blood glucose level 1447:1465 blood glucose level 1447:1465 Moreover, fenugreek TG increased insulin sensibility which leads to decrease in blood glucose level by 43%. 28566642 12 16 theme angiotensin 1699:1709 arg1 enzyme 1722:1727 angiotensin converting enzyme 1699:1727 angiotensin converting enzyme respectively 1699:1740 In addition, the administration of fenugreek TG reverted back the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme respectively in kidney and plasma by 33 and 29%. 28566642 11 17 theme glycogen 1586:1593 arg1 rate 1595:1598 the glycogen rate 1582:1598 the glycogen rate in liver and muscle 1582:1618 In addition, this study demonstrated that administration of pure fenugreek TG to diabetic rats ameliorated the glycogen rate in liver and muscle. 28566642 15 18 theme diabetic 2085:2092 arg1 rats 2094:2097 diabetic rats 2085:2097 diabetic rats 2085:2097 In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that the administration of fenugreek TG to diabetic rats can make it a potential candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia. 28566642 12 19 theme enzyme 1722:1727 arg1 activity 1687:1694 back the activity 1678:1694 back the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme respectively in kidney and plasma 1678:1761 In addition, the administration of fenugreek TG reverted back the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme respectively in kidney and plasma by 33 and 29%. 28566642 0 20 theme Metabolic 141:149 arg1 Disorders 151:159 Metabolic Disorders 141:159 Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats 141:176 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 8 21 dep ester 1208:1212 arg1 9Z 1147:1148 9Z 1147:1148 9Z 1147:1148 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 8 21 dep ester 1208:1212 arg1 -1-oxo-9 1160:1167 -1-oxo-9 1160:1167 -1-oxo-9 1160:1167 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 8 21 dep ester 1208:1212 arg1 15-octadecatrien-1-yl 1174:1194 15-octadecatrien-1-yl 1174:1194 15-octadecatrien-1-yl 1174:1194 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 12 22 from activity 1687:1694 arg1 kidney 1745:1750 kidney 1745:1750 kidney 1745:1750 In addition, the administration of fenugreek TG reverted back the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme respectively in kidney and plasma by 33 and 29%. 28566642 12 22 from activity 1687:1694 arg1 plasma 1756:1761 plasma 1756:1761 plasma 1756:1761 In addition, the administration of fenugreek TG reverted back the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme respectively in kidney and plasma by 33 and 29%. 28566642 5 23 theme dominant 756:763 arg1 acid 697:700 Linoleic acid 688:700 Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) 688:715 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 23 theme dominant 756:763 arg1 acid 727:730 Oleic acid 721:730 Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) 721:745 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 23 theme dominant 756:763 arg1 acids 771:775 the dominant fatty acids 752:775 the dominant fatty acids in the FSO 752:786 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 23 theme dominant 756:763 arg1 acid 667:670 Linolenic acid 657:670 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%) 657:685 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 0 24 theme Seed 61:64 arg1 Oil 66:68 Fenugreek Seed Oil 51:68 Fenugreek Seed Oil 51:68 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 5 25 theme C18:1 733:737 arg1 % 744:744 C18:1 17.07% 733:744 C18:1 17.07% 733:744 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 25 theme C18:1 733:737 arg1 acid 727:730 Oleic acid 721:730 Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) 721:745 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 8 26 theme bioassay-guided 1051:1065 arg1 fractionation 1067:1079 a bioassay-guided fractionation 1049:1079 a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1049:1212 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 10 27 from decrease 1435:1442 arg1 level 1461:1465 blood glucose level 1447:1465 blood glucose level 1447:1465 Moreover, fenugreek TG increased insulin sensibility which leads to decrease in blood glucose level by 43%. 28566642 0 28 theme α-Amylase 76:84 arg1 Lipase 87:92 Lipase 87:92 Lipase 87:92 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 28 theme α-Amylase 76:84 arg1 Activities 102:111 ACE Activities 98:111 ACE Activities 98:111 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 28 theme α-Amylase 76:84 arg1 Functions 127:135 Liver-Kidney Functions 114:135 Liver-Kidney Functions 114:135 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 28 theme α-Amylase 76:84 arg1 Disorders 151:159 Metabolic Disorders 141:159 Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats 141:176 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 1 29 theme triglyceride 336:347 arg1 characteristics 230:244 physicochemical characteristics 214:244 physicochemical characteristics 214:244 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 1 29 theme triglyceride 336:347 arg1 compositions 256:267 chemical compositions 247:267 chemical compositions 247:267 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 1 29 theme triglyceride 336:347 arg1 activities 284:293 biological activities 273:293 biological activities 273:293 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 13 30 theme lipid 1895:1899 arg1 profile 1901:1907 lipid profile 1895:1907 lipid profile 1895:1907 Interestingly, the fenugreek TG inhibited lipase activity in small intestine by 33% which leads to the regulation of lipid profile. 28566642 8 31 theme fenugreek 1095:1103 arg1 acid 1130:1133 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 8 31 theme fenugreek 1095:1103 arg1 ester 1208:1212 ((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1145:1212 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1138:1212 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 11 32 theme fenugreek 1540:1548 arg1 TG 1550:1551 pure fenugreek TG 1535:1551 pure fenugreek TG 1535:1551 In addition, this study demonstrated that administration of pure fenugreek TG to diabetic rats ameliorated the glycogen rate in liver and muscle. 28566642 7 33 theme abundant 901:908 arg1 triglycerides 910:922 the abundant triglycerides 897:922 the abundant triglycerides 897:922 LnLnO (17.1%), LLL (16.6%), OLL and OOLn (8.4%), were the abundant triglycerides. 28566642 7 33 theme abundant 901:908 arg1 LnLnO 843:847 LnLnO 843:847 LnLnO (17.1%) 843:855 LnLnO (17.1%), LLL (16.6%), OLL and OOLn (8.4%), were the abundant triglycerides. 28566642 15 34 theme potential 2113:2121 arg1 candidate 2123:2131 a potential candidate 2111:2131 it a potential candidate for industrial application 2108:2158 In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that the administration of fenugreek TG to diabetic rats can make it a potential candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia. 28566642 8 35 theme oxy 1196:1198 arg1 acid 1130:1133 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 8 35 theme oxy 1196:1198 arg1 ester 1208:1212 ((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1145:1212 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1138:1212 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 4 36 theme oil 637:639 arg1 g 632:632 g/100 g 626:632 g/100 g of oil 626:639 O2/kg of oil, 189 (mg KOH/g) and 110 (g/100 g of oil), respectively. 28566642 0 37 theme Modulatory 0:9 arg1 Effect 11:16 Modulatory Effect 0:16 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 0:177 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 1 38 theme biological 273:282 arg1 activities 284:293 biological activities 273:293 biological activities 273:293 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 8 39 theme propyl 1201:1206 arg1 acid 1130:1133 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 8 39 theme propyl 1201:1206 arg1 ester 1208:1212 ((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1145:1212 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1138:1212 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 4 40 dep 110 621:623 arg1 g 632:632 g/100 g 626:632 g/100 g of oil 626:639 O2/kg of oil, 189 (mg KOH/g) and 110 (g/100 g of oil), respectively. 28566642 8 41 theme -11- 1114:1117 arg1 acid 1130:1133 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 8 41 theme -11- 1114:1117 arg1 ester 1208:1212 ((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1145:1212 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1138:1212 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 5 42 theme C18:3 673:677 arg1 % 684:684 C18:3 26.14% 673:684 C18:3 26.14% 673:684 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 42 theme C18:3 673:677 arg1 acid 667:670 Linolenic acid 657:670 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%) 657:685 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 1 43 theme seed 308:311 arg1 oil 313:315 fenugreek seed oil 298:315 fenugreek seed oil (FSO) 298:321 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 1 43 theme seed 308:311 arg1 FSO 318:320 FSO 318:320 FSO 318:320 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 0 44 theme Isolated 24:31 arg1 Triglyceride 33:44 an Isolated Triglyceride 21:44 an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil 21:68 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 2 45 theme surviving 444:452 arg1 rats 463:466 surviving diabetic rats 444:466 surviving diabetic rats 444:466 One fenugreek TG was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation and administrated to surviving diabetic rats. 28566642 3 46 theme free 473:476 arg1 percentage 490:499 percentage 490:499 percentage as well as 490:510 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 46 theme free 473:476 arg1 peroxide 517:524 the peroxide 513:524 the peroxide 513:524 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 46 theme free 473:476 arg1 saponification 531:544 the saponification 527:544 the saponification 527:544 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 46 theme free 473:476 arg1 acids 484:488 The free fatty acids 469:488 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values 469:566 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 46 theme free 473:476 arg1 % 574:574 2% 573:574 2% 573:574 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 9 47 theme fenugreek 1259:1267 arg1 TG 1269:1270 the fenugreek TG 1255:1270 the fenugreek TG 1255:1270 In diabetic rats, the administration of the fenugreek TG inhibited α-amylase activity in small intestine by 36% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. 28566642 15 48 theme hyperglycemia 2208:2220 arg1 treatment 2195:2203 the treatment 2191:2203 the treatment of hyperglycemia 2191:2220 In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that the administration of fenugreek TG to diabetic rats can make it a potential candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia. 28566642 8 49 theme bis[ 1141:1144 arg1 acid 1130:1133 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 8 49 theme bis[ 1141:1144 arg1 ester 1208:1212 ((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1145:1212 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1138:1212 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 10 50 theme fenugreek 1377:1385 arg1 TG 1387:1388 fenugreek TG 1377:1388 fenugreek TG 1377:1388 Moreover, fenugreek TG increased insulin sensibility which leads to decrease in blood glucose level by 43%. 28566642 5 51 from acids 771:775 arg1 FSO 784:786 the FSO 780:786 the FSO 780:786 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 1 52 theme physicochemical 214:228 arg1 characteristics 230:244 physicochemical characteristics 214:244 physicochemical characteristics 214:244 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 1 53 theme oil 313:315 arg1 characteristics 230:244 physicochemical characteristics 214:244 physicochemical characteristics 214:244 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 1 53 theme oil 313:315 arg1 compositions 256:267 chemical compositions 247:267 chemical compositions 247:267 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 1 53 theme oil 313:315 arg1 activities 284:293 biological activities 273:293 biological activities 273:293 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 0 54 theme Diabetic 164:171 arg1 Rats 173:176 Diabetic Rats 164:176 Diabetic Rats 164:176 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 12 55 theme fenugreek 1656:1664 arg1 TG 1666:1667 fenugreek TG 1656:1667 fenugreek TG 1656:1667 In addition, the administration of fenugreek TG reverted back the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme respectively in kidney and plasma by 33 and 29%. 28566642 9 56 theme small 1304:1308 arg1 intestine 1310:1318 small intestine 1304:1318 small intestine 1304:1318 In diabetic rats, the administration of the fenugreek TG inhibited α-amylase activity in small intestine by 36% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. 28566642 15 57 theme pharmacological 2165:2179 arg1 agent 2181:2185 a pharmacological agent 2163:2185 a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia 2163:2220 In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that the administration of fenugreek TG to diabetic rats can make it a potential candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia. 28566642 15 57 theme pharmacological 2165:2179 arg1 it 2108:2109 it 2108:2109 it 2108:2109 In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that the administration of fenugreek TG to diabetic rats can make it a potential candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia. 28566642 14 58 theme histological 1982:1993 arg1 study 1995:1999 histological study 1982:1999 histological study 1982:1999 Moreover, the fenugreek TG protected liver-kidney function evidenced by histological study. 28566642 4 59 theme oil 597:599 arg1 O2/kg 588:592 O2/kg 588:592 O2/kg 588:592 O2/kg of oil, 189 (mg KOH/g) and 110 (g/100 g of oil), respectively. 28566642 4 59 theme oil 597:599 arg1 oil 597:599 oil 597:599 oil 597:599 O2/kg of oil, 189 (mg KOH/g) and 110 (g/100 g of oil), respectively. 28566642 5 60 theme Oleic 721:725 arg1 acid 697:700 Linoleic acid 688:700 Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) 688:715 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 60 theme Oleic 721:725 arg1 acid 667:670 Linolenic acid 657:670 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%) 657:685 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 60 theme Oleic 721:725 arg1 % 744:744 C18:1 17.07% 733:744 C18:1 17.07% 733:744 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 60 theme Oleic 721:725 arg1 acids 771:775 the dominant fatty acids 752:775 the dominant fatty acids in the FSO 752:786 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 60 theme Oleic 721:725 arg1 acid 727:730 Oleic acid 721:730 Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) 721:745 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 14 61 theme liver-kidney 1947:1958 arg1 function 1960:1967 liver-kidney function 1947:1967 liver-kidney function evidenced by histological study 1947:1999 Moreover, the fenugreek TG protected liver-kidney function evidenced by histological study. 28566642 13 62 theme profile 1901:1907 arg1 regulation 1881:1890 the regulation 1877:1890 the regulation of lipid profile 1877:1907 Interestingly, the fenugreek TG inhibited lipase activity in small intestine by 33% which leads to the regulation of lipid profile. 28566642 9 63 theme untreated 1342:1350 arg1 rats 1361:1364 untreated diabetic rats 1342:1364 untreated diabetic rats 1342:1364 In diabetic rats, the administration of the fenugreek TG inhibited α-amylase activity in small intestine by 36% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. 28566642 11 64 from rate 1595:1598 arg1 muscle 1613:1618 muscle 1613:1618 muscle 1613:1618 In addition, this study demonstrated that administration of pure fenugreek TG to diabetic rats ameliorated the glycogen rate in liver and muscle. 28566642 11 64 from rate 1595:1598 arg1 liver 1603:1607 liver 1603:1607 liver 1603:1607 In addition, this study demonstrated that administration of pure fenugreek TG to diabetic rats ameliorated the glycogen rate in liver and muscle. 28566642 0 65 theme Liver-Kidney 114:125 arg1 Functions 127:135 Liver-Kidney Functions 114:135 Liver-Kidney Functions 114:135 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 66 from Oil 66:68 arg1 Triglyceride 33:44 an Isolated Triglyceride 21:44 an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil 21:68 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 66 from Oil 66:68 arg1 Effect 11:16 Modulatory Effect 0:16 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 0:177 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 8 67 theme inhibitory 987:996 arg1 activity 998:1005 the powerful inhibitory activity 974:1005 the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase 974:1027 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 10 68 theme blood 1447:1451 arg1 level 1461:1465 blood glucose level 1447:1465 blood glucose level 1447:1465 Moreover, fenugreek TG increased insulin sensibility which leads to decrease in blood glucose level by 43%. 28566642 12 69 theme converting 1711:1720 arg1 enzyme 1722:1727 angiotensin converting enzyme 1699:1727 angiotensin converting enzyme respectively 1699:1740 In addition, the administration of fenugreek TG reverted back the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme respectively in kidney and plasma by 33 and 29%. 28566642 14 70 theme fenugreek 1924:1932 arg1 TG 1934:1935 the fenugreek TG 1920:1935 the fenugreek TG 1920:1935 Moreover, the fenugreek TG protected liver-kidney function evidenced by histological study. 28566642 8 71 dep acid 1130:1133 arg1 11Z 1110:1112 11Z 1110:1112 11Z 1110:1112 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 4 72 theme mg 607:608 arg1 189 602:604 189 602:604 189 602:604 O2/kg of oil, 189 (mg KOH/g) and 110 (g/100 g of oil), respectively. 28566642 4 72 theme mg 607:608 arg1 KOH/g 610:614 mg KOH/g 607:614 mg KOH/g 607:614 O2/kg of oil, 189 (mg KOH/g) and 110 (g/100 g of oil), respectively. 28566642 15 73 dep it 2108:2109 arg1 candidate 2123:2131 a potential candidate 2111:2131 it a potential candidate for industrial application 2108:2158 In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that the administration of fenugreek TG to diabetic rats can make it a potential candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia. 28566642 5 74 theme Linolenic 657:665 arg1 acid 697:700 Linoleic acid 688:700 Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) 688:715 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 74 theme Linolenic 657:665 arg1 % 684:684 C18:3 26.14% 673:684 C18:3 26.14% 673:684 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 74 theme Linolenic 657:665 arg1 acid 727:730 Oleic acid 721:730 Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) 721:745 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 74 theme Linolenic 657:665 arg1 acids 771:775 the dominant fatty acids 752:775 the dominant fatty acids in the FSO 752:786 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 74 theme Linolenic 657:665 arg1 acid 667:670 Linolenic acid 657:670 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%) 657:685 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 15 75 theme fenugreek 2069:2077 arg1 TG 2079:2080 fenugreek TG 2069:2080 fenugreek TG 2069:2080 In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that the administration of fenugreek TG to diabetic rats can make it a potential candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia. 28566642 15 76 theme TG 2079:2080 arg1 administration 2051:2064 the administration 2047:2064 the administration of fenugreek TG to diabetic rats 2047:2097 In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that the administration of fenugreek TG to diabetic rats can make it a potential candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia. 28566642 0 77 from Effect 11:16 arg1 Disorders 151:159 Metabolic Disorders 141:159 Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats 141:176 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 77 from Effect 11:16 arg1 Lipase 87:92 Lipase 87:92 Lipase 87:92 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 77 from Effect 11:16 arg1 Oil 66:68 Fenugreek Seed Oil 51:68 Fenugreek Seed Oil 51:68 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 77 from Effect 11:16 arg1 Functions 127:135 Liver-Kidney Functions 114:135 Liver-Kidney Functions 114:135 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 0 77 from Effect 11:16 arg1 Activities 102:111 ACE Activities 98:111 ACE Activities 98:111 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 1 78 theme pure 331:334 arg1 TG 350:351 TG 350:351 TG 350:351 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 1 78 theme pure 331:334 arg1 triglyceride 336:347 its pure triglyceride 327:347 its pure triglyceride (TG) 327:352 This study was designed to examine physicochemical characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of fenugreek seed oil (FSO) and its pure triglyceride (TG). 28566642 6 79 theme major 810:814 arg1 sterol 816:821 the major sterol 806:821 the major sterol (85.3%) 806:829 β-sitosterol was the major sterol (85.3%) in the FSO. 28566642 6 79 theme major 810:814 arg1 % 828:828 85.3% 824:828 85.3% 824:828 β-sitosterol was the major sterol (85.3%) in the FSO. 28566642 6 79 theme major 810:814 arg1 β-sitosterol 789:800 β-sitosterol 789:800 β-sitosterol 789:800 β-sitosterol was the major sterol (85.3%) in the FSO. 28566642 15 80 theme industrial 2137:2146 arg1 application 2148:2158 industrial application 2137:2158 industrial application 2137:2158 In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that the administration of fenugreek TG to diabetic rats can make it a potential candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia. 28566642 11 81 theme TG 1550:1551 arg1 administration 1517:1530 administration 1517:1530 administration of pure fenugreek TG to diabetic rats 1517:1568 In addition, this study demonstrated that administration of pure fenugreek TG to diabetic rats ameliorated the glycogen rate in liver and muscle. 28566642 9 82 theme diabetic 1218:1225 arg1 rats 1227:1230 diabetic rats 1218:1230 diabetic rats 1218:1230 In diabetic rats, the administration of the fenugreek TG inhibited α-amylase activity in small intestine by 36% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. 28566642 6 83 from sterol 816:821 arg1 FSO 838:840 the FSO 834:840 the FSO 834:840 β-sitosterol was the major sterol (85.3%) in the FSO. 28566642 8 84 theme TG 1105:1106 arg1 acid 1130:1133 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 8 84 theme TG 1105:1106 arg1 ester 1208:1212 ((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1145:1212 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1138:1212 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 11 85 theme pure 1535:1538 arg1 TG 1550:1551 pure fenugreek TG 1535:1551 pure fenugreek TG 1535:1551 In addition, this study demonstrated that administration of pure fenugreek TG to diabetic rats ameliorated the glycogen rate in liver and muscle. 28566642 5 86 theme Linoleic 688:695 arg1 acid 667:670 Linolenic acid 657:670 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%) 657:685 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 86 theme Linoleic 688:695 arg1 % 714:714 C18:2 41.13% 703:714 C18:2 41.13% 703:714 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 86 theme Linoleic 688:695 arg1 acid 727:730 Oleic acid 721:730 Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) 721:745 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 86 theme Linoleic 688:695 arg1 acids 771:775 the dominant fatty acids 752:775 the dominant fatty acids in the FSO 752:786 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 5 86 theme Linoleic 688:695 arg1 acid 697:700 Linoleic acid 688:700 Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) 688:715 Linolenic acid (C18:3 26.14%), Linoleic acid (C18:2 41.13%) and Oleic acid (C18:1 17.07%) were the dominant fatty acids in the FSO. 28566642 2 87 theme bioassay-guided 393:407 arg1 fractionation 409:421 a bioassay-guided fractionation 391:421 a bioassay-guided fractionation 391:421 One fenugreek TG was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation and administrated to surviving diabetic rats. 28566642 0 88 theme Triglyceride 33:44 arg1 Effect 11:16 Modulatory Effect 0:16 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 0:177 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 3 89 dep acids 484:488 arg1 values 561:566 the iodine values 550:566 the iodine values 550:566 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 89 dep acids 484:488 arg1 percentage 490:499 percentage 490:499 percentage as well as 490:510 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 89 dep acids 484:488 arg1 peroxide 517:524 the peroxide 513:524 the peroxide 513:524 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 89 dep acids 484:488 arg1 saponification 531:544 the saponification 527:544 the saponification 527:544 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 89 dep acids 484:488 arg1 acids 484:488 The free fatty acids 469:488 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values 469:566 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 2 90 theme diabetic 454:461 arg1 rats 463:466 surviving diabetic rats 444:466 surviving diabetic rats 444:466 One fenugreek TG was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation and administrated to surviving diabetic rats. 28566642 13 91 theme fenugreek 1797:1805 arg1 TG 1807:1808 the fenugreek TG 1793:1808 the fenugreek TG 1793:1808 Interestingly, the fenugreek TG inhibited lipase activity in small intestine by 33% which leads to the regulation of lipid profile. 28566642 11 92 theme diabetic 1556:1563 arg1 rats 1565:1568 diabetic rats 1556:1568 diabetic rats 1556:1568 In addition, this study demonstrated that administration of pure fenugreek TG to diabetic rats ameliorated the glycogen rate in liver and muscle. 28566642 0 93 theme Fenugreek 51:59 arg1 Oil 66:68 Fenugreek Seed Oil 51:68 Fenugreek Seed Oil 51:68 Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats. 28566642 13 94 theme lipase 1820:1825 arg1 activity 1827:1834 lipase activity 1820:1834 lipase activity 1820:1834 Interestingly, the fenugreek TG inhibited lipase activity in small intestine by 33% which leads to the regulation of lipid profile. 28566642 8 95 theme eicosenoic 1119:1128 arg1 acid 1130:1133 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2 1091:1135 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 8 95 theme eicosenoic 1119:1128 arg1 ester 1208:1212 ((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1145:1212 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester 1138:1212 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 28566642 3 96 theme fatty 478:482 arg1 percentage 490:499 percentage 490:499 percentage as well as 490:510 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 96 theme fatty 478:482 arg1 peroxide 517:524 the peroxide 513:524 the peroxide 513:524 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 96 theme fatty 478:482 arg1 saponification 531:544 the saponification 527:544 the saponification 527:544 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 96 theme fatty 478:482 arg1 acids 484:488 The free fatty acids 469:488 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values 469:566 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 3 96 theme fatty 478:482 arg1 % 574:574 2% 573:574 2% 573:574 The free fatty acids percentage as well as, the peroxide, the saponification and the iodine values were 2%, 12 mequiv. 28566642 9 97 theme TG 1269:1270 arg1 administration 1237:1250 the administration 1233:1250 the administration of the fenugreek TG 1233:1270 In diabetic rats, the administration of the fenugreek TG inhibited α-amylase activity in small intestine by 36% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. 28566642 9 98 theme α-amylase 1282:1290 arg1 activity 1292:1299 α-amylase activity 1282:1299 α-amylase activity 1282:1299 In diabetic rats, the administration of the fenugreek TG inhibited α-amylase activity in small intestine by 36% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. 28566642 2 99 theme fenugreek 359:367 arg1 TG 369:370 One fenugreek TG 355:370 One fenugreek TG 355:370 One fenugreek TG was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation and administrated to surviving diabetic rats. 28566642 8 100 theme 3- 1138:1139 arg1 bis[ 1141:1144 bis[ 1141:1144 bis[ 1141:1144 The hexane extract of fenugreek seed (exhibiting the powerful inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase) was purified using a bioassay-guided fractionation affording one fenugreek TG: (11Z)-11- eicosenoic acid 2, 3- bis[((9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1-oxo-9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-yl)oxy] propyl ester. 29086873 0 0 theme polysaccharides 87:101 arg1 purification 11:22 purification 11:22 purification 11:22 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 0 0 theme polysaccharides 87:101 arg1 analysis 36:43 structural analysis 25:43 structural analysis 25:43 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 0 0 theme polysaccharides 87:101 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 0 0 theme polysaccharides 87:101 arg1 activity 61:68 coagulatory activity 49:68 coagulatory activity 49:68 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 5 1 theme FIB 757:759 arg1 assays 761:766 APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays 740:766 APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays 740:766 Furthermore, the coagulatory activity of the polysaccharides were investigated by APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays in vitro. 29086873 1 2 theme Ligustrum 154:162 arg1 flowers 172:178 Ligustrum lucidum flowers 154:178 Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides 154:265 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 0 3 theme water-soluble 73:85 arg1 polysaccharides 87:101 water-soluble polysaccharides 73:101 water-soluble polysaccharides 73:101 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 1 4 theme lucidum 164:170 arg1 flowers 172:178 Ligustrum lucidum flowers 154:178 Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides 154:265 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 1 5 theme polysaccharides 251:265 arg1 isolation 213:221 isolation 213:221 isolation 213:221 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 1 5 theme polysaccharides 251:265 arg1 activity 239:246 coagulatory activity 227:246 coagulatory activity 227:246 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 1 5 theme polysaccharides 251:265 arg1 extraction 201:210 extraction 201:210 extraction 201:210 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 1 5 theme polysaccharides 251:265 arg1 material 187:194 raw material 183:194 raw material 183:194 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 0 6 theme Ligustrum 108:116 arg1 flowers 130:136 Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers 108:136 Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers 108:136 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 7 7 theme polysaccharides 1031:1045 arg1 components 1047:1056 The four polysaccharides components 1022:1056 The four polysaccharides components 1022:1056 The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. 29086873 7 7 theme polysaccharides 1031:1045 arg1 free 1063:1066 free 1063:1066 free 1063:1066 The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. 29086873 3 8 theme column 550:555 arg1 chromatography 557:570 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 513:570 chromatography 557:570 Then the polysaccharide was further purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, respectively. 29086873 8 9 theme molar 1310:1314 arg1 ratio 1316:1320 molar ratio 1310:1320 molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22 1310:1352 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 2 10 theme water 349:353 arg1 extraction 355:364 hot water extraction 345:364 hot water extraction 345:364 The crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and preliminarily purified by Sevage method and D101 macroporous resin. 29086873 0 11 theme Ait 126:128 arg1 flowers 130:136 Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers 108:136 Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers 108:136 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 12 12 theme Coagulation 1623:1633 arg1 assays 1635:1640 Coagulation assays 1623:1640 Coagulation assays 1623:1640 Coagulation assays indicated that LLp-1a and LLp-3 had good anticoagulant effect in vitro, while LLp-1b showed procoagulant activity. 29086873 3 13 theme Sephadex 535:542 arg1 chromatography 557:570 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 513:570 chromatography 557:570 Then the polysaccharide was further purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, respectively. 29086873 6 14 theme dried 1007:1011 arg1 flowers 1013:1019 the dried flowers 1003:1019 the dried flowers 1003:1019 The results demonstrated that four polysaccharides were isolated from flowers of L. lucidum, named as LLP-1a, LLP-1b, LLP-2 and LLP-3, and the yields were 0.039, 0.0054, 0.0055 and 0.017%, respectively based on the weight of the dried flowers. 29086873 0 15 theme lucidum 118:124 arg1 flowers 130:136 Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers 108:136 Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers 108:136 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 3 16 theme G-100 544:548 arg1 chromatography 557:570 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 513:570 chromatography 557:570 Then the polysaccharide was further purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, respectively. 29086873 6 17 theme flowers 1013:1019 arg1 weight 993:998 the weight 989:998 the weight of the dried flowers 989:1019 The results demonstrated that four polysaccharides were isolated from flowers of L. lucidum, named as LLP-1a, LLP-1b, LLP-2 and LLP-3, and the yields were 0.039, 0.0054, 0.0055 and 0.017%, respectively based on the weight of the dried flowers. 29086873 5 18 theme TT 746:747 arg1 assays 761:766 APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays 740:766 APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays 740:766 Furthermore, the coagulatory activity of the polysaccharides were investigated by APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays in vitro. 29086873 2 19 theme macroporous 446:456 arg1 resin 458:462 D101 macroporous resin 441:462 D101 macroporous resin 441:462 The crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and preliminarily purified by Sevage method and D101 macroporous resin. 29086873 2 20 theme crude 308:312 arg1 polysaccharide 314:327 The crude polysaccharide 304:327 The crude polysaccharide 304:327 The crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and preliminarily purified by Sevage method and D101 macroporous resin. 29086873 1 21 theme raw 183:185 arg1 isolation 213:221 isolation 213:221 isolation 213:221 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 1 21 theme raw 183:185 arg1 material 187:194 raw material 183:194 raw material 183:194 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 1 21 theme raw 183:185 arg1 extraction 201:210 extraction 201:210 extraction 201:210 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 1 21 theme raw 183:185 arg1 activity 239:246 coagulatory activity 227:246 coagulatory activity 227:246 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 2 22 theme D101 441:444 arg1 resin 458:462 D101 macroporous resin 441:462 D101 macroporous resin 441:462 The crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and preliminarily purified by Sevage method and D101 macroporous resin. 29086873 10 23 theme 1.28:1.32:1.00 1476:1489 arg1 ratio 1467:1471 molar ratio 1461:1471 molar ratio of 1.28:1.32:1.00 1461:1489 LLp-2 was composed of L-arabinose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 1.28:1.32:1.00). 29086873 2 24 theme ethanol 370:376 arg1 precipitation 378:390 ethanol precipitation 370:390 ethanol precipitation 370:390 The crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and preliminarily purified by Sevage method and D101 macroporous resin. 29086873 7 25 theme proteins 1089:1096 arg1 components 1047:1056 The four polysaccharides components 1022:1056 The four polysaccharides components 1022:1056 The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. 29086873 7 25 theme proteins 1089:1096 arg1 free 1063:1066 free 1063:1066 free 1063:1066 The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. 29086873 5 26 theme polysaccharides 703:717 arg1 activity 687:694 the coagulatory activity 671:694 the coagulatory activity of the polysaccharides 671:717 Furthermore, the coagulatory activity of the polysaccharides were investigated by APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays in vitro. 29086873 2 27 theme Sevage 423:428 arg1 method 430:435 Sevage method 423:435 Sevage method 423:435 The crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and preliminarily purified by Sevage method and D101 macroporous resin. 29086873 6 28 theme lucidum 862:868 arg1 flowers 848:854 flowers 848:854 flowers 848:854 The results demonstrated that four polysaccharides were isolated from flowers of L. lucidum, named as LLP-1a, LLP-1b, LLP-2 and LLP-3, and the yields were 0.039, 0.0054, 0.0055 and 0.017%, respectively based on the weight of the dried flowers. 29086873 2 29 theme hot 345:347 arg1 extraction 355:364 hot water extraction 345:364 hot water extraction 345:364 The crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and preliminarily purified by Sevage method and D101 macroporous resin. 29086873 7 30 theme acids 1079:1083 arg1 components 1047:1056 The four polysaccharides components 1022:1056 The four polysaccharides components 1022:1056 The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. 29086873 7 30 theme acids 1079:1083 arg1 free 1063:1066 free 1063:1066 free 1063:1066 The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. 29086873 1 31 theme first 292:296 arg1 time 298:301 the first time 288:301 the first time 288:301 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 12 32 theme procoagulant 1734:1745 arg1 activity 1747:1754 procoagulant activity 1734:1754 procoagulant activity 1734:1754 Coagulation assays indicated that LLp-1a and LLp-3 had good anticoagulant effect in vitro, while LLp-1b showed procoagulant activity. 29086873 6 33 theme L. 859:860 arg1 lucidum 862:868 L. lucidum 859:868 L. lucidum 859:868 The results demonstrated that four polysaccharides were isolated from flowers of L. lucidum, named as LLP-1a, LLP-1b, LLP-2 and LLP-3, and the yields were 0.039, 0.0054, 0.0055 and 0.017%, respectively based on the weight of the dried flowers. 29086873 11 34 theme 5.85 1592:1595 arg1 ratio 1583:1587 molar ratio 1577:1587 molar ratio of 5.85: 2.21: 2.23: 1.00: 2.25 1577:1619 LLp-3 was composed of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 5.85: 2.21: 2.23: 1.00: 2.25). 29086873 9 35 theme Only 1356:1359 arg1 D-galactose 1361:1371 Only D-galactose 1356:1371 Only D-galactose 1356:1371 Only D-galactose was detected from LLp-1b. 29086873 8 36 theme monosaccharide 1205:1218 arg1 compositions 1220:1231 The monosaccharide compositions 1201:1231 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a 1201:1241 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 8 36 theme monosaccharide 1205:1218 arg1 L-rhamnose 1248:1257 L-rhamnose 1248:1257 L-rhamnose 1248:1257 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 0 37 theme structural 25:34 arg1 analysis 36:43 structural analysis 25:43 structural analysis 25:43 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 4 38 theme structural 591:600 arg1 characteristics 602:616 The structural characteristics 587:616 The structural characteristics 587:616 The structural characteristics were detected by LC, GC, FT-IR and NMR. 29086873 11 39 theme molar 1577:1581 arg1 ratio 1583:1587 molar ratio 1577:1587 molar ratio of 5.85: 2.21: 2.23: 1.00: 2.25 1577:1619 LLp-3 was composed of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 5.85: 2.21: 2.23: 1.00: 2.25). 29086873 8 40 theme 3.16 1325:1328 arg1 ratio 1316:1320 molar ratio 1310:1320 molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22 1310:1352 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 7 41 theme molecular 1117:1125 arg1 weights 1127:1133 their average molecular weights 1103:1133 their average molecular weights 1103:1133 The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. 29086873 0 42 theme coagulatory 49:59 arg1 activity 61:68 coagulatory activity 49:68 coagulatory activity 49:68 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 5 43 theme APTT 740:743 arg1 assays 761:766 APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays 740:766 APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays 740:766 Furthermore, the coagulatory activity of the polysaccharides were investigated by APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays in vitro. 29086873 5 44 theme coagulatory 675:685 arg1 activity 687:694 the coagulatory activity 671:694 the coagulatory activity of the polysaccharides 671:717 Furthermore, the coagulatory activity of the polysaccharides were investigated by APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays in vitro. 29086873 6 45 attach isolated 834:841 arg2 polysaccharides 813:827 four polysaccharides 808:827 four polysaccharides 808:827 The results demonstrated that four polysaccharides were isolated from flowers of L. lucidum, named as LLP-1a, LLP-1b, LLP-2 and LLP-3, and the yields were 0.039, 0.0054, 0.0055 and 0.017%, respectively based on the weight of the dried flowers. 29086873 6 45 attach isolated 834:841 arg1 flowers 848:854 flowers 848:854 flowers 848:854 The results demonstrated that four polysaccharides were isolated from flowers of L. lucidum, named as LLP-1a, LLP-1b, LLP-2 and LLP-3, and the yields were 0.039, 0.0054, 0.0055 and 0.017%, respectively based on the weight of the dried flowers. 29086873 7 46 theme nucleic 1071:1077 arg1 acids 1079:1083 nucleic acids 1071:1083 nucleic acids 1071:1083 The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. 29086873 11 47 dep D-galactose 1564:1574 arg1 ratio 1583:1587 molar ratio 1577:1587 molar ratio of 5.85: 2.21: 2.23: 1.00: 2.25 1577:1619 LLp-3 was composed of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 5.85: 2.21: 2.23: 1.00: 2.25). 29086873 10 48 dep D-glucose 1434:1442 arg1 ratio 1467:1471 molar ratio 1461:1471 molar ratio of 1.28:1.32:1.00 1461:1489 LLp-2 was composed of L-arabinose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 1.28:1.32:1.00). 29086873 12 49 theme anticoagulant 1683:1695 arg1 effect 1697:1702 good anticoagulant effect 1678:1702 good anticoagulant effect 1678:1702 Coagulation assays indicated that LLp-1a and LLp-3 had good anticoagulant effect in vitro, while LLp-1b showed procoagulant activity. 29086873 10 50 theme molar 1461:1465 arg1 ratio 1467:1471 molar ratio 1461:1471 molar ratio of 1.28:1.32:1.00 1461:1489 LLp-2 was composed of L-arabinose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 1.28:1.32:1.00). 29086873 12 51 contain had 1674:1676 arg1 LLp-1a 1657:1662 LLp-1a 1657:1662 LLp-1a 1657:1662 Coagulation assays indicated that LLp-1a and LLp-3 had good anticoagulant effect in vitro, while LLp-1b showed procoagulant activity. 29086873 12 51 contain had 1674:1676 arg2 effect 1697:1702 good anticoagulant effect 1678:1702 good anticoagulant effect 1678:1702 Coagulation assays indicated that LLp-1a and LLp-3 had good anticoagulant effect in vitro, while LLp-1b showed procoagulant activity. 29086873 12 51 contain had 1674:1676 arg1 LLp-3 1668:1672 LLp-3 1668:1672 LLp-3 1668:1672 Coagulation assays indicated that LLp-1a and LLp-3 had good anticoagulant effect in vitro, while LLp-1b showed procoagulant activity. 29086873 1 52 dep extraction 201:210 arg1 the 197:199 the 197:199 the 197:199 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 12 53 theme good 1678:1681 arg1 effect 1697:1702 good anticoagulant effect 1678:1702 good anticoagulant effect 1678:1702 Coagulation assays indicated that LLp-1a and LLp-3 had good anticoagulant effect in vitro, while LLp-1b showed procoagulant activity. 29086873 8 54 theme D-glucose 1283:1291 arg1 and D-galactose 1293:1307 D-glucose and D-galactose 1283:1307 D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22) 1283:1353 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 8 54 theme D-glucose 1283:1291 arg1 L-rhamnose 1248:1257 L-rhamnose 1248:1257 L-rhamnose 1248:1257 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 8 55 theme LLp-1a 1236:1241 arg1 compositions 1220:1231 The monosaccharide compositions 1201:1231 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a 1201:1241 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 8 55 theme LLp-1a 1236:1241 arg1 L-rhamnose 1248:1257 L-rhamnose 1248:1257 L-rhamnose 1248:1257 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 11 56 dep ratio 1583:1587 arg1 2.21 1598:1601 2.21 1598:1601 2.21 1598:1601 LLp-3 was composed of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 5.85: 2.21: 2.23: 1.00: 2.25). 29086873 11 56 dep ratio 1583:1587 arg1  2.25 1615:1619  2.25 1615:1619  2.25 1615:1619 LLp-3 was composed of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 5.85: 2.21: 2.23: 1.00: 2.25). 29086873 5 57 theme PT 750:751 arg1 assays 761:766 APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays 740:766 APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays 740:766 Furthermore, the coagulatory activity of the polysaccharides were investigated by APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays in vitro. 29086873 8 58 dep and D-galactose 1293:1307 arg1 ratio 1316:1320 molar ratio 1310:1320 molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22 1310:1352 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 8 59 dep ratio 1316:1320 arg1 2.46 1331:1334 2.46 1331:1334 2.46 1331:1334 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 8 59 dep ratio 1316:1320 arg1  4.22 1348:1352  4.22 1348:1352  4.22 1348:1352 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 8 59 dep ratio 1316:1320 arg1 7.27 1343:1346 7.27 1343:1346 7.27 1343:1346 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 8 59 dep ratio 1316:1320 arg1  1.00 1336:1340  1.00 1336:1340  1.00 1336:1340 The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). 29086873 1 60 theme coagulatory 227:237 arg1 activity 239:246 coagulatory activity 227:246 coagulatory activity 227:246 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 1 60 theme coagulatory 227:237 arg1 material 187:194 raw material 183:194 raw material 183:194 In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. 29086873 7 61 theme average 1109:1115 arg1 weights 1127:1133 their average molecular weights 1103:1133 their average molecular weights 1103:1133 The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. 29086873 0 62 from flowers 130:136 arg1 purification 11:22 purification 11:22 purification 11:22 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 0 62 from flowers 130:136 arg1 analysis 36:43 structural analysis 25:43 structural analysis 25:43 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 0 62 from flowers 130:136 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 29086873 0 62 from flowers 130:136 arg1 activity 61:68 coagulatory activity 49:68 coagulatory activity 49:68 Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. 27045419 4 0 theme gene 483:486 arg1 similarity 497:506 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 470:506 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola 470:553 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 4 0 theme gene 483:486 arg1 % 565:565 ≤98.5 % 559:565 ≤98.5 % 559:565 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 14 1 theme 29223T=CCM 1616:1625 arg1 8653T 1627:1631 = LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T 1610:1631 = LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T 1610:1631 nov., with AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27045419 14 1 theme 29223T=CCM 1616:1625 arg1 AP-38T 1602:1607 AP-38T 1602:1607 AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) 1602:1632 nov., with AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27045419 11 2 theme genus 1288:1292 arg1 Isoptericola 1294:1305 the genus Isoptericola 1284:1305 the genus Isoptericola 1284:1305 These data support the allocation of the strain to the genus Isoptericola. 27045419 14 3 theme = 1610:1610 arg1 8653T 1627:1631 = LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T 1610:1631 = LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T 1610:1631 nov., with AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27045419 14 3 theme = 1610:1610 arg1 AP-38T 1602:1607 AP-38T 1602:1607 AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) 1602:1632 nov., with AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27045419 13 4 theme Isoptericola 1522:1533 arg1 species 1501:1507 a novel species 1493:1507 a novel species 1493:1507 AP-38T represents a novel species of the genus Isoptericola, for which we propose the name Isoptericola cucumis sp. 27045419 1 5 dep isolated 31:38 arg1 Cucumis 74:80 Cucumis 74:80 Cucumis 74:80 nov., isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). 27045419 5 6 theme DSM 614:616 arg1 10177T 618:623 Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T 591:623 Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T 591:623 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 9 7 theme tyramine 1133:1140 arg1 components 1071:1080 the major components spermidine and spermine 1061:1104 the major components spermidine and spermine 1061:1104 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 7 theme tyramine 1133:1140 arg1 spermine 1097:1104 spermine 1097:1104 spermine 1097:1104 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 7 theme tyramine 1133:1140 arg1 amounts 1122:1128 significant amounts 1110:1128 significant amounts of tyramine 1110:1140 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 7 theme tyramine 1133:1140 arg1 tyramine 1133:1140 tyramine 1133:1140 tyramine 1133:1140 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 7 theme tyramine 1133:1140 arg1 spermidine 1082:1091 spermidine 1082:1091 spermidine 1082:1091 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 4 8 theme Isoptericola 542:553 arg1 species 521:527 all other species 511:527 all other species of the genus Isoptericola 511:553 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 2 9 theme root 193:196 arg1 tissue 198:203 the root tissue 189:203 the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) 189:233 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 10 10 attach present 1207:1213 arg2 anteiso-C15  1170:1181 anteiso-C15  1170:1181 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1170:1200 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 10 10 attach present 1207:1213 arg1 amounts 1224:1230 major amounts 1218:1230 major amounts 1218:1230 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 10 10 attach present 1207:1213 arg1 profile 1161:1167 the fatty acid profile 1146:1167 the fatty acid profile 1146:1167 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 5 11 dep Isoptericola 629:640 arg1 nanjingensis 642:653 nanjingensis 642:653 nanjingensis 642:653 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 5 12 theme Isoptericola 591:602 arg1 10177T 618:623 Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T 591:623 Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T 591:623 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 9 13 dep components 1071:1080 arg1 components 1071:1080 the major components spermidine and spermine 1061:1104 the major components spermidine and spermine 1061:1104 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 13 dep components 1071:1080 arg1 spermine 1097:1104 spermine 1097:1104 spermine 1097:1104 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 13 dep components 1071:1080 arg1 spermidine 1082:1091 spermidine 1082:1091 spermidine 1082:1091 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 12 14 theme I. 1458:1459 arg1 nanjingensis 1461:1472 I. nanjingensis 1458:1472 I. nanjingensis 1458:1472 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization additionally provide phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis. 27045419 1 15 dep Cucumis 74:80 arg1 sativus 82:88 sativus 82:88 Cucumis sativus 74:88 nov., isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). 27045419 8 16 from diphosphatidylglycerol 921:942 arg1 profile 891:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 In the polar lipid profile, major compounds were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27045419 5 17 theme reciprocal 673:682 arg1 31 670:671 31 670:671 31 670:671 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 5 17 theme reciprocal 673:682 arg1 % 687:687 reciprocal 41 % 673:687 reciprocal 41 % 673:687 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 10 18 theme fatty 1150:1154 arg1 profile 1161:1167 the fatty acid profile 1146:1167 the fatty acid profile 1146:1167 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 8 19 theme lipid 885:889 arg1 profile 891:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 In the polar lipid profile, major compounds were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27045419 1 20 theme root 49:52 arg1 tissue 54:59 the root tissue 45:59 the root tissue of cucumber 45:71 nov., isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). 27045419 8 21 from phosphatidylinositol 967:986 arg1 profile 891:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 In the polar lipid profile, major compounds were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27045419 3 22 dep analysis 333:340 arg1 basis 297:301 basis 297:301 basis 297:301 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 27045419 3 22 dep analysis 333:340 arg1 the 293:295 the 293:295 the 293:295 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 27045419 10 23 theme  0 1183:1184 arg1 anteiso-C15  1170:1181 anteiso-C15  1170:1181 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1170:1200 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 12 24 from variabilis 1443:1452 arg1 differentiation 1402:1416 phenotypic differentiation 1391:1416 phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis 1391:1472 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization additionally provide phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis. 27045419 8 25 from phosphatidylglycerol 945:964 arg1 profile 891:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 In the polar lipid profile, major compounds were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27045419 2 26 attach isolated 175:182 arg2 organism 123:130 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism 92:130 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism 92:130 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 2 26 attach isolated 175:182 arg1 tissue 198:203 the root tissue 189:203 the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) 189:233 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 3 27 theme gene 319:322 arg1 analysis 333:340 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:340 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:340 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 27045419 7 28 theme quinone 797:803 arg1 system 805:810 The quinone system 793:810 The quinone system contained predominantly 793:834 The quinone system contained predominantly menaquinones MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2). 27045419 3 29 theme 16S 310:312 arg1 analysis 333:340 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:340 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:340 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 27045419 5 30 theme 34  709:711 arg1 % 712:712 reciprocal 34 % 698:712 reciprocal 34 % 698:712 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 5 30 theme 34  709:711 arg1 34 694:695 34 694:695 34 694:695 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 6 31 theme diamino 745:751 arg1 l-lysine 783:790 l-lysine 783:790 l-lysine 783:790 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was l-lysine. 27045419 6 31 theme diamino 745:751 arg1 acid 753:756 The diagnostic diamino acid 730:756 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 730:777 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was l-lysine. 27045419 3 32 theme strain 343:348 arg1 AP-38T 350:355 strain AP-38T 343:355 strain AP-38T 343:355 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 27045419 2 33 theme irregular 144:152 arg1 morphology 159:168 an irregular cell morphology 141:168 an irregular cell morphology 141:168 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 10 34 theme iso-C15  1190:1197 arg1 anteiso-C15  1170:1181 anteiso-C15  1170:1181 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1170:1200 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 12 35 theme AP-38T 1428:1433 arg1 differentiation 1402:1416 phenotypic differentiation 1391:1416 phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis 1391:1472 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization additionally provide phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis. 27045419 10 36 theme major 1218:1222 arg1 amounts 1224:1230 major amounts 1218:1230 major amounts 1218:1230 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 9 37 contain contained 1051:1059 arg2 amounts 1122:1128 significant amounts 1110:1128 significant amounts of tyramine 1110:1140 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 37 contain contained 1051:1059 arg1 pattern 1043:1049 The polyamine pattern 1029:1049 The polyamine pattern 1029:1049 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 37 contain contained 1051:1059 arg2 spermidine 1082:1091 spermidine 1082:1091 spermidine 1082:1091 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 37 contain contained 1051:1059 arg2 components 1071:1080 the major components spermidine and spermine 1061:1104 the major components spermidine and spermine 1061:1104 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 37 contain contained 1051:1059 arg2 spermine 1097:1104 spermine 1097:1104 spermine 1097:1104 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 37 contain contained 1051:1059 arg2 tyramine 1133:1140 tyramine 1133:1140 tyramine 1133:1140 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 38 theme polyamine 1033:1041 arg1 pattern 1043:1049 The polyamine pattern 1029:1049 The polyamine pattern 1029:1049 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 3 39 theme Isoptericola 397:408 arg1 variabilis 410:419 Isoptericola variabilis 397:419 Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) 397:428 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 27045419 3 39 theme Isoptericola 397:408 arg1 % 427:427 99.1 % 422:427 99.1 % 422:427 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 27045419 14 40 theme type 1641:1644 arg1 strain 1646:1651 the type strain 1637:1651 the type strain 1637:1651 nov., with AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27045419 12 41 theme phenotypic 1391:1400 arg1 differentiation 1402:1416 phenotypic differentiation 1391:1416 phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis 1391:1472 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization additionally provide phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis. 27045419 0 42 dep sp 21:22 arg1 cucumis 13:19 cucumis 13:19 cucumis 13:19 Isoptericola cucumis sp. 27045419 14 43 dep AP-38T 1602:1607 arg1 strain 1646:1651 the type strain 1637:1651 the type strain 1637:1651 nov., with AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27045419 12 44 theme physiological 1323:1335 arg1 characterization 1353:1368 physiological and biochemical characterization 1323:1368 physiological and biochemical characterization 1323:1368 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization additionally provide phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis. 27045419 4 45 theme other 515:519 arg1 species 521:527 all other species 511:527 all other species of the genus Isoptericola 511:553 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 9 46 theme major 1065:1069 arg1 components 1071:1080 the major components spermidine and spermine 1061:1104 the major components spermidine and spermine 1061:1104 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 46 theme major 1065:1069 arg1 spermine 1097:1104 spermine 1097:1104 spermine 1097:1104 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 46 theme major 1065:1069 arg1 spermidine 1082:1091 spermidine 1082:1091 spermidine 1082:1091 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 12 47 theme biochemical 1341:1351 arg1 characterization 1353:1368 physiological and biochemical characterization 1323:1368 physiological and biochemical characterization 1323:1368 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization additionally provide phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis. 27045419 8 48 from mannosides 1017:1026 arg1 profile 891:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 In the polar lipid profile, major compounds were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27045419 4 49 theme rRNA 478:481 arg1 similarity 497:506 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 470:506 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola 470:553 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 4 49 theme rRNA 478:481 arg1 % 565:565 ≤98.5 % 559:565 ≤98.5 % 559:565 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 14 50 theme LMG 1612:1614 arg1 8653T 1627:1631 = LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T 1610:1631 = LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T 1610:1631 nov., with AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27045419 14 50 theme LMG 1612:1614 arg1 AP-38T 1602:1607 AP-38T 1602:1607 AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) 1602:1632 nov., with AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27045419 6 51 theme peptidoglycan 765:777 arg1 l-lysine 783:790 l-lysine 783:790 l-lysine 783:790 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was l-lysine. 27045419 6 51 theme peptidoglycan 765:777 arg1 acid 753:756 The diagnostic diamino acid 730:756 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 730:777 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was l-lysine. 27045419 4 52 theme sequence 488:495 arg1 similarity 497:506 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 470:506 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola 470:553 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 4 52 theme sequence 488:495 arg1 % 565:565 ≤98.5 % 559:565 ≤98.5 % 559:565 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 11 53 theme strain 1274:1279 arg1 allocation 1256:1265 the allocation 1252:1265 the allocation of the strain to the genus Isoptericola 1252:1305 These data support the allocation of the strain to the genus Isoptericola. 27045419 13 54 theme genus 1516:1520 arg1 Isoptericola 1522:1533 the genus Isoptericola 1512:1533 the genus Isoptericola 1512:1533 AP-38T represents a novel species of the genus Isoptericola, for which we propose the name Isoptericola cucumis sp. 27045419 10 55 located present 1207:1213 arg2 anteiso-C15  1170:1181 anteiso-C15  1170:1181 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 1170:1200 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 10 55 located present 1207:1213 arg1 amounts 1224:1230 major amounts 1218:1230 major amounts 1218:1230 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 10 55 located present 1207:1213 arg1 profile 1161:1167 the fatty acid profile 1146:1167 the fatty acid profile 1146:1167 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 9 56 theme significant 1110:1120 arg1 tyramine 1133:1140 tyramine 1133:1140 tyramine 1133:1140 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 9 56 theme significant 1110:1120 arg1 amounts 1122:1128 significant amounts 1110:1128 significant amounts of tyramine 1110:1140 The polyamine pattern contained the major components spermidine and spermine and significant amounts of tyramine. 27045419 13 57 theme novel 1495:1499 arg1 species 1501:1507 a novel species 1493:1507 a novel species 1493:1507 AP-38T represents a novel species of the genus Isoptericola, for which we propose the name Isoptericola cucumis sp. 27045419 10 58 from profile 1161:1167 arg1 present 1207:1213 present 1207:1213 present 1207:1213 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 4 59 theme genus 536:540 arg1 Isoptericola 542:553 the genus Isoptericola 532:553 the genus Isoptericola 532:553 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 5 60 theme DNA-DNA 568:574 arg1 relatedness 576:586 DNA-DNA relatedness 568:586 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T 568:664 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 2 61 theme Cucumis 218:224 arg1 cucumber 208:215 cucumber 208:215 cucumber (Cucumis sativus) 208:233 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 2 61 theme Cucumis 218:224 arg1 sativus 226:232 Cucumis sativus 218:232 Cucumis sativus 218:232 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 2 62 theme cucumber 208:215 arg1 tissue 198:203 the root tissue 189:203 the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) 189:233 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 8 63 theme polar 879:883 arg1 profile 891:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 the polar lipid profile 875:897 In the polar lipid profile, major compounds were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27045419 12 64 theme I. 1440:1441 arg1 variabilis 1443:1452 I. variabilis 1440:1452 I. variabilis 1440:1452 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization additionally provide phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis. 27045419 10 65 theme acid 1156:1159 arg1 profile 1161:1167 the fatty acid profile 1146:1167 the fatty acid profile 1146:1167 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 5 66 theme Isoptericola 629:640 arg1 24300T 659:664 Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T 629:664 Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T 629:664 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 12 67 from nanjingensis 1461:1472 arg1 differentiation 1402:1416 phenotypic differentiation 1391:1416 phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis 1391:1472 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization additionally provide phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis. 27045419 5 68 dep Isoptericola 591:602 arg1 variablis 604:612 variablis 604:612 variablis 604:612 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 5 69 theme DSM 655:657 arg1 24300T 659:664 Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T 629:664 Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T 629:664 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 8 70 theme major 900:904 arg1 compounds 906:914 major compounds 900:914 major compounds 900:914 In the polar lipid profile, major compounds were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27045419 1 71 theme cucumber 64:71 arg1 tissue 54:59 the root tissue 45:59 the root tissue of cucumber 45:71 nov., isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). 27045419 10 72 from amounts 1224:1230 arg1 present 1207:1213 present 1207:1213 present 1207:1213 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 3 73 theme sequence 324:331 arg1 analysis 333:340 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:340 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:340 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 27045419 13 74 theme cucumis 1579:1585 arg1 sp 1587:1588 Isoptericola cucumis sp 1566:1588 the name Isoptericola cucumis sp 1557:1588 AP-38T represents a novel species of the genus Isoptericola, for which we propose the name Isoptericola cucumis sp. 27045419 5 75 theme reciprocal 698:707 arg1 % 712:712 reciprocal 34 % 698:712 reciprocal 34 % 698:712 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 5 75 theme reciprocal 698:707 arg1 34 694:695 34 694:695 34 694:695 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 3 76 theme rRNA 314:317 arg1 analysis 333:340 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:340 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 306:340 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 27045419 4 77 theme 16S 474:476 arg1 similarity 497:506 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 470:506 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola 470:553 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 4 77 theme 16S 474:476 arg1 % 565:565 ≤98.5 % 559:565 ≤98.5 % 559:565 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. 27045419 2 78 theme cell 154:157 arg1 morphology 159:168 an irregular cell morphology 141:168 an irregular cell morphology 141:168 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 5 79 theme 41  684:686 arg1 31 670:671 31 670:671 31 670:671 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 5 79 theme 41  684:686 arg1 % 687:687 reciprocal 41 % 673:687 reciprocal 41 % 673:687 DNA-DNA relatedness to Isoptericola variablis DSM 10177T and Isoptericola nanjingensis DSM 24300T was 31(reciprocal 41 %) and 34 (reciprocal 34 %), respectively. 27045419 6 80 theme diagnostic 734:743 arg1 l-lysine 783:790 l-lysine 783:790 l-lysine 783:790 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was l-lysine. 27045419 6 80 theme diagnostic 734:743 arg1 acid 753:756 The diagnostic diamino acid 730:756 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 730:777 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was l-lysine. 27045419 13 81 theme Isoptericola 1566:1577 arg1 sp 1587:1588 Isoptericola cucumis sp 1566:1588 the name Isoptericola cucumis sp 1557:1588 AP-38T represents a novel species of the genus Isoptericola, for which we propose the name Isoptericola cucumis sp. 27045419 14 82 dep nov. 1591:1594 arg1 with 1597:1600 with 1597:1600 with 1597:1600 nov., with AP-38T (= LMG 29223T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27045419 12 83 theme strain 1421:1426 arg1 AP-38T 1428:1433 strain AP-38T 1421:1433 strain AP-38T 1421:1433 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization additionally provide phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis. 27045419 2 84 dep Gram-stain-positive 94:112 arg1 aerobic 115:121 aerobic 115:121 aerobic 115:121 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 8 85 theme phosphatidylinositol 996:1015 arg1 mannosides 1017:1026 two phosphatidylinositol mannosides 992:1026 two phosphatidylinositol mannosides 992:1026 In the polar lipid profile, major compounds were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 27045419 12 86 theme characterization 1353:1368 arg1 results 1312:1318 The results 1308:1318 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization 1308:1368 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization additionally provide phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-38T from I. variabilis and I. nanjingensis. 27045419 2 87 theme taxonomic 270:278 arg1 position 280:287 its taxonomic position 266:287 its taxonomic position 266:287 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 13 88 dep name 1561:1564 arg1 sp 1587:1588 Isoptericola cucumis sp 1566:1588 the name Isoptericola cucumis sp 1557:1588 AP-38T represents a novel species of the genus Isoptericola, for which we propose the name Isoptericola cucumis sp. 27045419 10 89 from present 1207:1213 arg1 amounts 1224:1230 major amounts 1218:1230 major amounts 1218:1230 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 10 89 from present 1207:1213 arg1 profile 1161:1167 the fatty acid profile 1146:1167 the fatty acid profile 1146:1167 In the fatty acid profile, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 were present in major amounts. 27045419 2 90 theme Gram-stain-positive 94:112 arg1 organism 123:130 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism 92:130 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism 92:130 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. 27045419 3 91 theme Isoptericola 434:445 arg1 nanjingensis 447:458 Isoptericola nanjingensis 434:458 Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %) 434:467 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 27045419 3 91 theme Isoptericola 434:445 arg1 % 466:466 98.9 % 461:466 98.9 % 461:466 On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AP-38T was shown to be most closely related to Isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and Isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). 25893957 6 0 theme analysis 1073:1080 arg1 results 1037:1043 The results 1033:1043 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1033:1080 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 2 1 theme aerobic 97:103 arg1 strain 115:120 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain 63:120 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) 63:139 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) was isolated from a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India. 25893957 4 2 theme fatty 878:882 arg1 acids 884:888 the predominant cellular fatty acids 853:888 the predominant cellular fatty acids 853:888 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 2 theme fatty 878:882 arg1  1ω9c 828:832  1ω9c 828:832  1ω9c 828:832 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 6 3 theme other 1141:1145 arg1 members 1147:1153 all other members 1137:1153 all other members of the genus Nocardioides 1137:1179 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 4 4 theme Nocardioides 739:750 arg1 members 718:724 the members 714:724 the members of the genus Nocardioides 714:750 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 3 5 theme Nocardioides 512:523 arg1 27278 539:543 Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278 512:543 Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278 512:543 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 5 theme Nocardioides 512:523 arg1 KCTC 389:392 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772 363:398 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %) 363:410 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 4 6 theme chemotaxonomic 641:654 arg1 properties 656:665 The chemotaxonomic properties 637:665 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) 637:683 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 6 theme chemotaxonomic 641:654 arg1 consistent 689:698 consistent 689:698 consistent 689:698 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 3 7 theme sequence 603:610 arg1 similarity 612:621 sequence similarity 603:621 sequence similarity 603:621 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 6 8 theme polyphasic 1052:1061 arg1 analysis 1073:1080 the polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1048:1080 the polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1048:1080 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 2 9 dep positive 76:83 arg1 shaped 90:95 shaped 90:95 shaped 90:95 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) was isolated from a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India. 25893957 4 10 theme strain 670:675 arg1 T 682:682 T 682:682 T 682:682 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 10 theme strain 670:675 arg1 Ka25 677:680 strain Ka25 670:680 strain Ka25(T) 670:683 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 3 11 theme JCM 433:435 arg1 T 443:443 T 443:443 T 443:443 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 11 theme JCM 433:435 arg1 13008 437:441 Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008 413:441 Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %) 413:453 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 11 theme JCM 433:435 arg1 KCTC 389:392 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772 363:398 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %) 363:410 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 11 theme JCM 433:435 arg1 % 452:452 96.9 % 447:452 96.9 % 447:452 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 5 12 theme strain 985:990 arg1 T 997:997 T 997:997 T 997:997 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) was determined to be 71.6 mol %. 25893957 5 12 theme strain 985:990 arg1 Ka25 992:995 strain Ka25 985:995 strain Ka25(T) 985:998 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) was determined to be 71.6 mol %. 25893957 1 13 theme forest 50:55 arg1 soil 57:60 a forest soil 48:60 a forest soil 48:60 nov., isolated from a forest soil. 25893957 7 14 theme Nocardioides 1257:1268 arg1 member 1237:1242 a novel member 1229:1242 a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp 1229:1315 Strain Ka25(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 25893957 3 15 theme strain 281:286 arg1 Ka25 288:291 strain Ka25 281:291 strain Ka25(T) 281:294 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 15 theme strain 281:286 arg1 T 293:293 T 293:293 T 293:293 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 6 16 from members 1147:1153 arg1 differentiation 1098:1112 a clear differentiation 1090:1112 a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides 1090:1179 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 7 17 theme genus 1251:1255 arg1 Nocardioides 1257:1268 the genus Nocardioides 1247:1268 the genus Nocardioides 1247:1268 Strain Ka25(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 25893957 3 18 theme Nocardioides 413:424 arg1 T 443:443 T 443:443 T 443:443 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 18 theme Nocardioides 413:424 arg1 13008 437:441 Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008 413:441 Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %) 413:453 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 18 theme Nocardioides 413:424 arg1 KCTC 389:392 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772 363:398 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %) 363:410 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 18 theme Nocardioides 413:424 arg1 % 452:452 96.9 % 447:452 96.9 % 447:452 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 6 19 theme clear 1092:1096 arg1 differentiation 1098:1112 a clear differentiation 1090:1112 a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides 1090:1179 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 3 20 theme dubius 426:431 arg1 T 443:443 T 443:443 T 443:443 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 20 theme dubius 426:431 arg1 13008 437:441 Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008 413:441 Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %) 413:453 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 20 theme dubius 426:431 arg1 KCTC 389:392 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772 363:398 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %) 363:410 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 20 theme dubius 426:431 arg1 % 452:452 96.9 % 447:452 96.9 % 447:452 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 4 21 with consistent 689:698 arg1 those 705:709 those 705:709 those 705:709 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 2 22 theme Gram-stain 65:74 arg1 strain 115:120 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain 63:120 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) 63:139 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) was isolated from a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India. 25893957 0 23 theme solisilvae 13:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Nocardioides solisilvae sp 0:25 Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 0:26 Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 25893957 6 24 theme taxonomic 1063:1071 arg1 analysis 1073:1080 the polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1048:1080 the polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1048:1080 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 9 25 theme =KCTC39528 1364:1373 arg1 T 1387:1387 T 1387:1387 T 1387:1387 The type strain is Ka25(T) (=KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T)). 25893957 9 25 theme =KCTC39528 1364:1373 arg1 =MCC2762 1378:1385 =KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762 1364:1385 =KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T) 1364:1388 The type strain is Ka25(T) (=KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T)). 25893957 4 26 theme Ka25 677:680 arg1 properties 656:665 The chemotaxonomic properties 637:665 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) 637:683 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 26 theme Ka25 677:680 arg1 consistent 689:698 consistent 689:698 consistent 689:698 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 0 27 theme Nocardioides 0:11 arg1 sp 24:25 Nocardioides solisilvae sp 0:25 Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 0:26 Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 25893957 7 28 theme name 1285:1288 arg1 sp 1314:1315 the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp 1281:1315 the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp 1281:1315 Strain Ka25(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 25893957 4 29 theme LL-2,6-diaminopimelic 934:954 arg1 acid 956:959 LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 934:959 LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 934:959 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 3 30 dep KCTC 389:392 arg1 similarity 612:621 sequence similarity 603:621 sequence similarity 603:621 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 9 31 theme type 1340:1343 arg1 Ka25 1355:1358 Ka25 1355:1358 Ka25(T) (=KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T)) 1355:1389 The type strain is Ka25(T) (=KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T)). 25893957 9 31 theme type 1340:1343 arg1 strain 1345:1350 The type strain 1336:1350 The type strain 1336:1350 The type strain is Ka25(T) (=KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T)). 25893957 4 32 theme predominant 769:779 arg1 MK-8 753:756 MK-8 753:756 MK-8(H4) 753:760 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 32 theme predominant 769:779 arg1 iso-C16  794:801 iso-C16  794:801 iso-C16  794:801 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 32 theme predominant 769:779 arg1 menaquinone 781:791 the predominant menaquinone 765:791 the predominant menaquinone 765:791 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 3 33 theme 16S 226:228 arg1 analysis 249:256 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 226:256 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 226:256 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 4 34 dep iso-C17  807:814 arg1 identified 839:848 identified 839:848 were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan 834:920 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 34 dep iso-C17  807:814 arg1 C18  823:826 C18  823:826 C18  823:826 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 34 dep iso-C17  807:814 arg1  0 816:817  0 816:817  0 816:817 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 7 35 theme solisilvae 1303:1312 arg1 sp 1314:1315 the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp 1281:1315 the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp 1281:1315 Strain Ka25(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 25893957 2 36 attach isolated 145:152 arg1 sample 173:178 a forest soil sample 159:178 a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India 159:214 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) was isolated from a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India. 25893957 2 36 attach isolated 145:152 arg2 strain 115:120 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain 63:120 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) 63:139 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) was isolated from a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India. 25893957 6 37 theme strain 1117:1122 arg1 T 1129:1129 T 1129:1129 T 1129:1129 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 6 37 theme strain 1117:1122 arg1 Ka25 1124:1127 strain Ka25 1117:1127 strain Ka25(T) 1117:1130 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 3 38 dep CGMCC 485:489 arg1 % 508:508 96.8 % 503:508 96.8 % 503:508 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 38 dep CGMCC 485:489 arg1 T 499:499 T 499:499 T 499:499 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 38 dep CGMCC 485:489 arg1 1.11156 491:497 1.11156 491:497 1.11156 491:497 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 39 theme Nocardioides 363:374 arg1 % 409:409 97.2 % 404:409 97.2 % 404:409 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 39 theme Nocardioides 363:374 arg1 T 545:545 T 545:545 T 545:545 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 39 theme Nocardioides 363:374 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 39 theme Nocardioides 363:374 arg1 27278 539:543 Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278 512:543 Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278 512:543 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 39 theme Nocardioides 363:374 arg1 CGMCC 485:489 Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %) 456:509 Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %) 456:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 39 theme Nocardioides 363:374 arg1 % 553:553 96.7 % 548:553 96.7 % 548:553 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 39 theme Nocardioides 363:374 arg1 13008 437:441 Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008 413:441 Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %) 413:453 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 39 theme Nocardioides 363:374 arg1 KCTC 389:392 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772 363:398 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %) 363:410 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 6 40 theme Nocardioides 1168:1179 arg1 members 1147:1153 all other members 1137:1153 all other members of the genus Nocardioides 1137:1179 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 3 41 theme daejeonensis 376:387 arg1 % 409:409 97.2 % 404:409 97.2 % 404:409 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 41 theme daejeonensis 376:387 arg1 T 545:545 T 545:545 T 545:545 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 41 theme daejeonensis 376:387 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 41 theme daejeonensis 376:387 arg1 27278 539:543 Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278 512:543 Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278 512:543 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 41 theme daejeonensis 376:387 arg1 CGMCC 485:489 Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %) 456:509 Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %) 456:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 41 theme daejeonensis 376:387 arg1 % 553:553 96.7 % 548:553 96.7 % 548:553 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 41 theme daejeonensis 376:387 arg1 13008 437:441 Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008 413:441 Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %) 413:453 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 41 theme daejeonensis 376:387 arg1 KCTC 389:392 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772 363:398 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %) 363:410 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 42 theme class 311:315 arg1 Actinobacteria 317:330 the class Actinobacteria 307:330 the class Actinobacteria 307:330 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 2 43 theme positive 76:83 arg1 strain 115:120 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain 63:120 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) 63:139 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) was isolated from a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India. 25893957 3 44 theme sequence 240:247 arg1 analysis 249:256 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 226:256 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 226:256 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 7 45 theme Nocardioides 1290:1301 arg1 sp 1314:1315 the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp 1281:1315 the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp 1281:1315 Strain Ka25(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 25893957 3 46 theme pacificus 525:533 arg1 27278 539:543 Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278 512:543 Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278 512:543 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 46 theme pacificus 525:533 arg1 KCTC 389:392 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772 363:398 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %) 363:410 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 47 theme Nocardioides 560:571 arg1 % 600:600 96.4 % 595:600 96.4 % 595:600 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 47 theme Nocardioides 560:571 arg1 JCM 582:584 Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608 560:590 Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) 560:601 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 47 theme Nocardioides 560:571 arg1 T 592:592 T 592:592 T 592:592 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 48 theme DSM 535:537 arg1 27278 539:543 Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278 512:543 Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278 512:543 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 48 theme DSM 535:537 arg1 KCTC 389:392 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772 363:398 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %) 363:410 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 2 49 theme soil 168:171 arg1 sample 173:178 a forest soil sample 159:178 a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India 159:214 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) was isolated from a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India. 25893957 5 50 theme Ka25 992:995 arg1 % 1030:1030 71.6 mol % 1021:1030 71.6 mol % 1021:1030 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) was determined to be 71.6 mol %. 25893957 5 50 theme Ka25 992:995 arg1 content 974:980 The DNA G+C content 962:980 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) 962:998 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) was determined to be 71.6 mol %. 25893957 3 51 theme daphniae 573:580 arg1 % 600:600 96.4 % 595:600 96.4 % 595:600 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 51 theme daphniae 573:580 arg1 JCM 582:584 Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608 560:590 Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) 560:601 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 51 theme daphniae 573:580 arg1 T 592:592 T 592:592 T 592:592 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 52 theme rRNA 230:233 arg1 analysis 249:256 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 226:256 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 226:256 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 2 53 theme forest 161:166 arg1 soil 168:171 a forest soil 159:171 a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India 159:214 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) was isolated from a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India. 25893957 4 54 theme cell-wall 898:906 arg1  1ω9c 828:832  1ω9c 828:832  1ω9c 828:832 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 54 theme cell-wall 898:906 arg1 peptidoglycan 908:920 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 894:920 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 894:920 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 6 55 theme genus 1162:1166 arg1 Nocardioides 1168:1179 the genus Nocardioides 1158:1179 the genus Nocardioides 1158:1179 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 9 56 theme T 1375:1375 arg1 T 1387:1387 T 1387:1387 T 1387:1387 The type strain is Ka25(T) (=KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T)). 25893957 9 56 theme T 1375:1375 arg1 =MCC2762 1378:1385 =KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762 1364:1385 =KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T) 1364:1388 The type strain is Ka25(T) (=KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T)). 25893957 3 57 theme gene 235:238 arg1 analysis 249:256 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 226:256 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 226:256 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 4 58 theme cellular 869:876 arg1 acids 884:888 the predominant cellular fatty acids 853:888 the predominant cellular fatty acids 853:888 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 58 theme cellular 869:876 arg1  1ω9c 828:832  1ω9c 828:832  1ω9c 828:832 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 6 59 theme Ka25 1124:1127 arg1 differentiation 1098:1112 a clear differentiation 1090:1112 a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides 1090:1179 The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain Ka25(T) from all other members of the genus Nocardioides. 25893957 4 60 theme genus 733:737 arg1 Nocardioides 739:750 the genus Nocardioides 729:750 the genus Nocardioides 729:750 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 7 61 theme Strain 1182:1187 arg1 Ka25 1189:1192 Strain Ka25 1182:1192 Strain Ka25(T) 1182:1195 Strain Ka25(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 25893957 7 61 theme Strain 1182:1187 arg1 T 1194:1194 T 1194:1194 T 1194:1194 Strain Ka25(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 25893957 3 62 theme Nocardioides 456:467 arg1 KCTC 389:392 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772 363:398 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %) 363:410 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 62 theme Nocardioides 456:467 arg1 CGMCC 485:489 Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %) 456:509 Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %) 456:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 4 63 theme predominant 857:867 arg1 acids 884:888 the predominant cellular fatty acids 853:888 the predominant cellular fatty acids 853:888 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 4 63 theme predominant 857:867 arg1  1ω9c 828:832  1ω9c 828:832  1ω9c 828:832 The chemotaxonomic properties of strain Ka25(T) are consistent with those of the members of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H4) is the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan is based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 25893957 7 64 theme novel 1231:1235 arg1 member 1237:1242 a novel member 1229:1242 a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp 1229:1315 Strain Ka25(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides solisilvae sp. 25893957 9 65 dep Ka25 1355:1358 arg1 T 1387:1387 T 1387:1387 T 1387:1387 The type strain is Ka25(T) (=KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T)). 25893957 9 65 dep Ka25 1355:1358 arg1 =MCC2762 1378:1385 =KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762 1364:1385 =KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T) 1364:1388 The type strain is Ka25(T) (=KCTC39528(T) =MCC2762(T)). 25893957 2 66 theme bacterial 105:113 arg1 strain 115:120 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain 63:120 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) 63:139 A Gram-stain positive, rod shaped aerobic bacterial strain designated Ka25(T) was isolated from a forest soil sample near Kasol, Himachal Pradesh, India. 25893957 3 67 theme psychrotolerans 469:483 arg1 KCTC 389:392 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772 363:398 Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %) 363:410 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 3 67 theme psychrotolerans 469:483 arg1 CGMCC 485:489 Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %) 456:509 Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %) 456:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain Ka25(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis KCTC 19772(T) (97.2 %), Nocardioides dubius JCM 13008(T) (96.9 %), Nocardioides psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.11156(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides pacificus DSM 27278(T)(96.7 %) and Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608(T)(96.4 %) sequence similarity respectively. 25893957 5 68 theme G+C 970:972 arg1 % 1030:1030 71.6 mol % 1021:1030 71.6 mol % 1021:1030 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) was determined to be 71.6 mol %. 25893957 5 68 theme G+C 970:972 arg1 content 974:980 The DNA G+C content 962:980 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) 962:998 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) was determined to be 71.6 mol %. 25893957 5 69 theme DNA 966:968 arg1 % 1030:1030 71.6 mol % 1021:1030 71.6 mol % 1021:1030 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) was determined to be 71.6 mol %. 25893957 5 69 theme DNA 966:968 arg1 content 974:980 The DNA G+C content 962:980 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) 962:998 The DNA G+C content of strain Ka25(T) was determined to be 71.6 mol %. 26841824 4 0 theme Sprague-Dawley 834:847 arg1 rats 849:852 Male Sprague-Dawley rats 829:852 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD 829:877 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 4 1 theme = 972:972 arg1 n 970:970 n 970:970 n = 9 rats/group 970:985 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 6 2 theme HAMRS2-fed 1093:1102 arg1 rats 1104:1107 HAMRS2-fed rats 1093:1107 HAMRS2-fed rats 1093:1107 HAMRS2-fed rats displayed decreased cecal pH, decreased microbial diversity, and an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio. 26841824 6 3 theme increased 1177:1185 arg1 ratio 1215:1219 an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio 1174:1219 an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio 1174:1219 HAMRS2-fed rats displayed decreased cecal pH, decreased microbial diversity, and an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio. 26841824 7 4 theme strong 1327:1332 arg1 correlations 1334:1345 strong correlations 1327:1345 strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats 1327:1541 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 3 5 theme urinary 657:663 arg1 metabolites 665:675 urinary metabolites 657:675 urinary metabolites 657:675 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 8 6 theme gut 1762:1764 arg1 metabolism 1774:1783 gut microbe metabolism 1762:1783 gut microbe metabolism 1762:1783 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 7 7 theme bacteria 1365:1372 arg1 abundances 1374:1383 specific gut bacteria abundances 1352:1383 specific gut bacteria abundances 1352:1383 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 7 theme bacteria 1365:1372 arg1 i.e. 1386:1389 i.e. 1386:1389 i.e. 1386:1389 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 4 8 theme adenine-induced 859:873 arg1 CKD 875:877 adenine-induced CKD 859:877 adenine-induced CKD 859:877 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 4 9 theme semipurified 890:901 arg1 diet 913:916 a semipurified low-fiber diet 888:916 a semipurified low-fiber diet 888:916 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 8 10 theme function 1613:1620 arg1 indexes 1622:1628 kidney function indexes 1606:1628 kidney function indexes 1606:1628 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 1 11 theme profound 191:198 arg1 alterations 200:210 profound alterations 191:210 profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites) 191:376 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 11 theme profound 191:198 arg1 shifts 245:250 shifts 245:250 shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites) 245:376 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 2 12 theme rat 511:513 arg1 models 515:520 CKD rat models 507:520 CKD rat models 507:520 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 0 13 from amelioration 80:91 arg1 rats 122:125 rats 122:125 rats 122:125 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 6 14 theme microbial 1149:1157 arg1 diversity 1159:1167 decreased microbial diversity 1139:1167 decreased microbial diversity 1139:1167 HAMRS2-fed rats displayed decreased cecal pH, decreased microbial diversity, and an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio. 26841824 8 15 theme kidney 1804:1809 arg1 function 1811:1818 host kidney function 1799:1818 host kidney function 1799:1818 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 5 16 theme cecal 993:997 arg1 microbiome 999:1008 The cecal microbiome 989:1008 The cecal microbiome 989:1008 The cecal microbiome was characterized, and cecal contents, serum, and urine metabolites were analyzed. 26841824 1 17 from alterations 200:210 arg1 environment 223:233 the gut environment 215:233 the gut environment 215:233 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 2 18 theme kidney 549:554 arg1 function 556:563 markedly improved kidney function 531:563 markedly improved kidney function 531:563 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 0 19 from disease 111:117 arg1 rats 122:125 rats 122:125 rats 122:125 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 6 20 theme cecal 1129:1133 arg1 pH 1135:1136 decreased cecal pH 1119:1136 decreased cecal pH 1119:1136 HAMRS2-fed rats displayed decreased cecal pH, decreased microbial diversity, and an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio. 26841824 3 21 theme study 589:593 arg1 aim 570:572 The aim 566:572 The aim of the present study 566:593 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 8 22 theme outcomes 1654:1661 arg1 amelioration 1634:1645 amelioration 1634:1645 amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats 1634:1696 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 8 22 theme outcomes 1654:1661 arg1 indexes 1622:1628 kidney function indexes 1606:1628 kidney function indexes 1606:1628 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 3 23 theme dietary 803:809 arg1 starch 821:826 dietary resistant starch 803:826 dietary resistant starch 803:826 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 7 24 theme HAMRS2-fed 1470:1479 arg1 rats 1481:1484 HAMRS2-fed rats 1470:1484 HAMRS2-fed rats 1470:1484 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 4 25 theme % 942:942 arg1 diet 934:937 a high-fiber diet 921:937 a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] 921:958 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 4 25 theme % 942:942 arg1 wt/wt 945:949 wt/wt 945:949 wt/wt 945:949 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 7 26 theme cecal 1275:1279 arg1 serum 1291:1295 serum 1291:1295 serum 1291:1295 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 26 theme cecal 1275:1279 arg1 urine 1302:1306 urine 1302:1306 urine 1302:1306 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 26 theme cecal 1275:1279 arg1 contents 1281:1288 the cecal contents 1271:1288 the cecal contents 1271:1288 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 0 27 theme concurrent 64:73 arg1 microbiome 28:37 gut microbiome 24:37 gut microbiome 24:37 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 5 28 theme cecal 1033:1037 arg1 contents 1039:1046 cecal contents 1033:1046 cecal contents 1033:1046 The cecal microbiome was characterized, and cecal contents, serum, and urine metabolites were analyzed. 26841824 1 29 theme fecal 288:292 arg1 pH 294:295 increased fecal pH 278:295 increased fecal pH 278:295 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 30 theme gut 328:330 arg1 xenometabolites 361:375 xenometabolites 361:375 xenometabolites 361:375 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 30 theme gut 328:330 arg1 metabolites 348:358 gut microbe-derived metabolites 328:358 gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites) 328:376 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 31 theme kidney 162:167 arg1 CKD 178:180 CKD 178:180 CKD 178:180 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 31 theme kidney 162:167 arg1 disease 169:175 chronic kidney disease 154:175 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 154:181 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 0 32 theme chronic 96:102 arg1 disease 111:117 chronic kidney disease 96:117 chronic kidney disease in rats 96:125 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 1 33 theme metabolites 348:358 arg1 levels 318:323 increased blood levels 302:323 increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites) 302:376 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 33 theme metabolites 348:358 arg1 pH 294:295 increased fecal pH 278:295 increased fecal pH 278:295 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 33 theme metabolites 348:358 arg1 composition 265:275 microbial composition 255:275 microbial composition 255:275 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 8 34 link microbial-derived 1732:1748 arg1 factors 1750:1756 microbial-derived factors 1732:1756 microbial-derived factors 1732:1756 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 2 35 theme dietary 395:401 arg1 fiber 403:407 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) 379:459 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) 379:459 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 0 36 theme disease 111:117 arg1 amelioration 80:91 amelioration 80:91 amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats 80:125 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 0 37 theme Resistant 0:8 arg1 starch 10:15 Resistant starch 0:15 Resistant starch 0:15 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 7 38 theme HAMRS2-fed 1527:1536 arg1 rats 1538:1541 HAMRS2-fed rats 1527:1541 HAMRS2-fed rats 1527:1541 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 3 39 from amelioration 775:786 arg1 response 791:798 response 791:798 response to dietary resistant starch 791:826 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 1 40 link microbe-derived 332:346 arg1 xenometabolites 361:375 xenometabolites 361:375 xenometabolites 361:375 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 40 link microbe-derived 332:346 arg1 metabolites 348:358 gut microbe-derived metabolites 328:358 gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites) 328:376 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 2 41 theme maize-resistant 422:436 arg1 type 445:448 high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 409:450 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) 379:459 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 2 41 theme maize-resistant 422:436 arg1 HAMRS2 453:458 HAMRS2 453:458 HAMRS2 453:458 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 7 42 contain had 1323:1325 arg1 many 1309:1312 many 1309:1312 many 1309:1312 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 42 contain had 1323:1325 arg1 serum 1291:1295 serum 1291:1295 serum 1291:1295 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 42 contain had 1323:1325 arg1 urine 1302:1306 urine 1302:1306 urine 1302:1306 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 42 contain had 1323:1325 arg2 correlations 1334:1345 strong correlations 1327:1345 strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats 1327:1541 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 42 contain had 1323:1325 arg1 contents 1281:1288 the cecal contents 1271:1288 the cecal contents 1271:1288 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 3 43 theme specific 611:618 arg1 bacteria 626:633 specific cecal bacteria 611:633 specific cecal bacteria 611:633 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 2 44 theme high 409:412 arg1 type 445:448 high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 409:450 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) 379:459 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 2 44 theme high 409:412 arg1 HAMRS2 453:458 HAMRS2 453:458 HAMRS2 453:458 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 7 45 with correlations 1334:1345 arg1 abundances 1374:1383 specific gut bacteria abundances 1352:1383 specific gut bacteria abundances 1352:1383 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 45 with correlations 1334:1345 arg1 i.e. 1386:1389 i.e. 1386:1389 i.e. 1386:1389 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 46 theme uremic 1230:1235 arg1 solutes 1247:1253 Several uremic retention solutes 1222:1253 Several uremic retention solutes 1222:1253 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 0 47 theme metabolomic 43:53 arg1 profiles 55:62 metabolomic profiles 43:62 metabolomic profiles 43:62 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 5 48 theme urine 1060:1064 arg1 metabolites 1066:1076 urine metabolites 1060:1076 urine metabolites 1060:1076 The cecal microbiome was characterized, and cecal contents, serum, and urine metabolites were analyzed. 26841824 2 49 dep shown 470:474 arg1 leads 522:526 leads 522:526 leads to markedly improved kidney function 522:563 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 7 50 dep reduced 1429:1435 arg1 abundances 1374:1383 specific gut bacteria abundances 1352:1383 specific gut bacteria abundances 1352:1383 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 50 dep reduced 1429:1435 arg1 i.e. 1386:1389 i.e. 1386:1389 i.e. 1386:1389 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 51 dep serum 1392:1396 arg1 sulfate 1416:1422 indoxyl sulfate 1408:1422 indoxyl sulfate 1408:1422 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 0 52 from rats 122:125 arg1 amelioration 80:91 amelioration 80:91 amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats 80:125 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 8 53 theme microbial-derived 1732:1748 arg1 factors 1750:1756 microbial-derived factors 1732:1756 microbial-derived factors 1732:1756 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 4 54 theme Male 829:832 arg1 rats 849:852 Male Sprague-Dawley rats 829:852 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD 829:877 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 6 55 theme Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes 1187:1213 arg1 ratio 1215:1219 an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio 1174:1219 an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio 1174:1219 HAMRS2-fed rats displayed decreased cecal pH, decreased microbial diversity, and an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio. 26841824 1 56 theme microbial 255:263 arg1 composition 265:275 microbial composition 255:275 microbial composition 255:275 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 7 57 theme specific 1352:1359 arg1 abundances 1374:1383 specific gut bacteria abundances 1352:1383 specific gut bacteria abundances 1352:1383 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 57 theme specific 1352:1359 arg1 i.e. 1386:1389 i.e. 1386:1389 i.e. 1386:1389 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 8 58 theme microbe 1766:1772 arg1 metabolism 1774:1783 gut microbe metabolism 1762:1783 gut microbe metabolism 1762:1783 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 0 59 with concurrent 64:73 arg1 amelioration 80:91 amelioration 80:91 amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats 80:125 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 7 60 theme gut 1361:1363 arg1 abundances 1374:1383 specific gut bacteria abundances 1352:1383 specific gut bacteria abundances 1352:1383 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 60 theme gut 1361:1363 arg1 i.e. 1386:1389 i.e. 1386:1389 i.e. 1386:1389 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 1 61 theme increased 302:310 arg1 levels 318:323 increased blood levels 302:323 increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites) 302:376 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 4 62 dep wk 966:967 arg1 n 970:970 n 970:970 n = 9 rats/group 970:985 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 3 63 theme kidney 708:713 arg1 function 715:722 kidney function 708:722 kidney function 708:722 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 4 64 dep diet 934:937 arg1 HAMRS2 952:957 HAMRS2 952:957 a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] 921:958 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 1 65 from shifts 245:250 arg1 levels 318:323 increased blood levels 302:323 increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites) 302:376 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 65 from shifts 245:250 arg1 pH 294:295 increased fecal pH 278:295 increased fecal pH 278:295 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 65 from shifts 245:250 arg1 composition 265:275 microbial composition 255:275 microbial composition 255:275 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 8 66 theme kidney 1606:1611 arg1 indexes 1622:1628 kidney function indexes 1606:1628 kidney function indexes 1606:1628 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 7 67 theme urine 1490:1494 arg1 p-cresol 1496:1503 urine p-cresol 1490:1503 urine p-cresol 1490:1503 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 4 68 theme low-fiber 903:911 arg1 diet 913:916 a semipurified low-fiber diet 888:916 a semipurified low-fiber diet 888:916 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 6 69 theme decreased 1139:1147 arg1 diversity 1159:1167 decreased microbial diversity 1139:1167 decreased microbial diversity 1139:1167 HAMRS2-fed rats displayed decreased cecal pH, decreased microbial diversity, and an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio. 26841824 3 70 theme potential 736:744 arg1 mechanisms 746:755 potential mechanisms 736:755 potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch 736:826 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 2 71 theme improved 540:547 arg1 function 556:563 markedly improved kidney function 531:563 markedly improved kidney function 531:563 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 3 72 theme present 581:587 arg1 study 589:593 the present study 577:593 the present study 577:593 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 4 73 with rats 849:852 arg1 CKD 875:877 adenine-induced CKD 859:877 adenine-induced CKD 859:877 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 6 74 theme decreased 1119:1127 arg1 pH 1135:1136 decreased cecal pH 1119:1136 decreased cecal pH 1119:1136 HAMRS2-fed rats displayed decreased cecal pH, decreased microbial diversity, and an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio. 26841824 3 75 theme CKD 771:773 arg1 amelioration 775:786 CKD amelioration 771:786 CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch 771:826 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 8 76 theme CKD 1650:1652 arg1 outcomes 1654:1661 CKD outcomes 1650:1661 CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats 1650:1696 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 3 77 theme resistant 811:819 arg1 starch 821:826 dietary resistant starch 803:826 dietary resistant starch 803:826 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 4 78 theme [59 939:941 arg1 % 942:942 % 942:942 % 942:942 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 7 79 theme contents 1281:1288 arg1 many 1309:1312 many 1309:1312 many 1309:1312 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 79 theme contents 1281:1288 arg1 serum 1291:1295 serum 1291:1295 serum 1291:1295 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 79 theme contents 1281:1288 arg1 urine 1302:1306 urine 1302:1306 urine 1302:1306 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 79 theme contents 1281:1288 arg1 contents 1281:1288 the cecal contents 1271:1288 the cecal contents 1271:1288 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 1 80 theme chronic 154:160 arg1 CKD 178:180 CKD 178:180 CKD 178:180 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 80 theme chronic 154:160 arg1 disease 169:175 chronic kidney disease 154:175 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 154:181 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 8 81 with coincident 1574:1583 arg1 improvements 1590:1601 improvements 1590:1601 improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats 1590:1696 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 0 82 theme kidney 104:109 arg1 disease 111:117 chronic kidney disease 96:117 chronic kidney disease in rats 96:125 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 1 83 theme microbe-derived 332:346 arg1 xenometabolites 361:375 xenometabolites 361:375 xenometabolites 361:375 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 83 theme microbe-derived 332:346 arg1 metabolites 348:358 gut microbe-derived metabolites 328:358 gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites) 328:376 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 84 with animals 141:147 arg1 CKD 178:180 CKD 178:180 CKD 178:180 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 84 with animals 141:147 arg1 disease 169:175 chronic kidney disease 154:175 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 154:181 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 85 with Patients 128:135 arg1 CKD 178:180 CKD 178:180 CKD 178:180 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 1 85 with Patients 128:135 arg1 disease 169:175 chronic kidney disease 154:175 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 154:181 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 4 86 dep = 972:972 arg1 rats/group 976:985 9 rats/group 974:985 9 rats/group 974:985 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 2 87 theme gut 489:491 arg1 milieu 493:498 the gut milieu 485:498 the gut milieu 485:498 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 3 88 from changes 697:703 arg1 function 715:722 kidney function 708:722 kidney function 708:722 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 2 89 theme fermentable 383:393 arg1 fiber 403:407 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) 379:459 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) 379:459 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 0 90 theme gut 24:26 arg1 microbiome 28:37 gut microbiome 24:37 gut microbiome 24:37 Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. 26841824 1 91 theme increased 278:286 arg1 pH 294:295 increased fecal pH 278:295 increased fecal pH 278:295 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 8 92 theme important 1713:1721 arg1 role 1723:1726 an important role 1710:1726 an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function 1710:1818 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 7 93 from % 1522:1522 arg1 rats 1538:1541 HAMRS2-fed rats 1527:1541 HAMRS2-fed rats 1527:1541 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 7 94 theme retention 1237:1245 arg1 solutes 1247:1253 Several uremic retention solutes 1222:1253 Several uremic retention solutes 1222:1253 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 2 95 theme starch 438:443 arg1 type 445:448 high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 409:450 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) 379:459 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 2 95 theme starch 438:443 arg1 HAMRS2 453:458 HAMRS2 453:458 HAMRS2 453:458 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 2 96 theme amylose 414:420 arg1 type 445:448 high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 409:450 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) 379:459 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 2 96 theme amylose 414:420 arg1 HAMRS2 453:458 HAMRS2 453:458 HAMRS2 453:458 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 8 97 theme host 1799:1802 arg1 function 1811:1818 host kidney function 1799:1818 host kidney function 1799:1818 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 7 98 theme Several 1222:1228 arg1 solutes 1247:1253 Several uremic retention solutes 1222:1253 Several uremic retention solutes 1222:1253 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 2 99 dep fiber 403:407 arg1 type 445:448 high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 409:450 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) 379:459 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 2 99 dep fiber 403:407 arg1 HAMRS2 453:458 HAMRS2 453:458 HAMRS2 453:458 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 4 100 theme high-fiber 923:932 arg1 diet 934:937 a high-fiber diet 921:937 a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] 921:958 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 4 100 theme high-fiber 923:932 arg1 wt/wt 945:949 wt/wt 945:949 wt/wt 945:949 Male Sprague-Dawley rats with adenine-induced CKD were fed a semipurified low-fiber diet or a high-fiber diet [59% (wt/wt) HAMRS2] for 3 wk (n = 9 rats/group). 26841824 2 101 theme CKD 507:509 arg1 models 515:520 CKD rat models 507:520 CKD rat models 507:520 The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models leads to markedly improved kidney function. 26841824 8 102 from study 1563:1567 arg1 Outcomes 1544:1551 Outcomes 1544:1551 Outcomes from this study 1544:1567 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 1 103 theme blood 312:316 arg1 levels 318:323 increased blood levels 302:323 increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites) 302:376 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 3 104 theme cecal 620:624 arg1 bacteria 626:633 specific cecal bacteria 611:633 specific cecal bacteria 611:633 The aim of the present study was to identify specific cecal bacteria and cecal, blood, and urinary metabolites that associate with changes in kidney function to identify potential mechanisms involved with CKD amelioration in response to dietary resistant starch. 26841824 1 105 theme gut 219:221 arg1 environment 223:233 the gut environment 215:233 the gut environment 215:233 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). 26841824 7 106 theme indoxyl 1408:1414 arg1 sulfate 1416:1422 indoxyl sulfate 1408:1422 indoxyl sulfate 1408:1422 Several uremic retention solutes were altered in the cecal contents, serum, and urine, many of which had strong correlations with specific gut bacteria abundances, i.e., serum and urine indoxyl sulfate were reduced by 36% and 66%, respectively, in HAMRS2-fed rats and urine p-cresol was reduced by 47% in HAMRS2-fed rats. 26841824 8 107 from improvements 1590:1601 arg1 amelioration 1634:1645 amelioration 1634:1645 amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats 1634:1696 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 26841824 8 107 from improvements 1590:1601 arg1 indexes 1622:1628 kidney function indexes 1606:1628 kidney function indexes 1606:1628 Outcomes from this study were coincident with improvements in kidney function indexes and amelioration of CKD outcomes previously reported for these rats, suggesting an important role for microbial-derived factors and gut microbe metabolism in regulating host kidney function. 25890074 6 0 theme inflammatory 1252:1263 arg1 response 1265:1272 inflammatory response 1252:1272 inflammatory response 1252:1272 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 3 1 theme human 540:544 arg1 ASCs 546:549 human ASCs 540:549 human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) 540:590 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. 25890074 8 2 dep in 1460:1461 arg1 vivo 1463:1466 vivo 1463:1466 vivo 1463:1466 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 8 3 theme other 1603:1607 arg1 P<0.05 1617:1622 P<0.05 1617:1622 P<0.05 1617:1622 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 8 3 theme other 1603:1607 arg1 groups 1609:1614 the other groups 1599:1614 the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy 1599:1665 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 6 4 theme factor-alpha 1152:1163 arg1 levels 1105:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 9 5 theme CM 1819:1820 arg1 group 1822:1826 the CM group 1815:1826 the CM group 1815:1826 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 6 6 theme factor 1232:1237 arg1 levels 1105:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 7 theme tumor 1137:1141 arg1 factor-alpha 1152:1163 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1137:1163 tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) 1137:1171 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 7 theme tumor 1137:1141 arg1 TNF-α 1166:1170 TNF-α 1166:1170 TNF-α 1166:1170 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 10 8 theme LPS 1997:1999 arg1 preconditioning 2001:2015 LPS preconditioning 1997:2015 LPS preconditioning 1997:2015 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LPS preconditioning effectively stimulates ASCs to produce the secretome beneficial to hepatic regeneration. 25890074 6 9 theme endothelial 1213:1223 arg1 factor 1232:1237 vascular endothelial growth factor 1204:1237 vascular endothelial growth factor 1204:1237 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 10 theme factor 1192:1197 arg1 levels 1105:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 10 11 theme beneficial 2070:2079 arg1 secretome 2060:2068 the secretome 2056:2068 the secretome beneficial to hepatic regeneration 2056:2103 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LPS preconditioning effectively stimulates ASCs to produce the secretome beneficial to hepatic regeneration. 25890074 2 12 theme lipopolysaccharide 327:344 arg1 preconditioning 352:366 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning 327:366 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning 327:366 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 5 13 theme liver 898:902 arg1 regeneration 904:915 liver regeneration 898:915 liver regeneration 898:915 CM and LPS-CM were also intravenously administered to partially hepatectomized mice, and their effects on liver regeneration were assessed by using liver weight measurements, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. 25890074 6 14 theme vascular 1204:1211 arg1 factor 1232:1237 vascular endothelial growth factor 1204:1237 vascular endothelial growth factor 1204:1237 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 9 15 dep enhanced 1694:1701 arg1 % 1797:1797 3.73% 1793:1797 3.73% 1793:1797 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 9 15 dep enhanced 1694:1701 arg1 % 1810:1810 3.22% 1806:1810 3.22% 1806:1810 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 7 16 dep % 1428:1428 arg1 P<0.05 1444:1449 P<0.05 1444:1449 P<0.05 1444:1449 LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P<0.05). 25890074 6 17 theme growth 1185:1190 arg1 factor 1192:1197 hepatocyte growth factor 1174:1197 hepatocyte growth factor 1174:1197 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 9 18 theme serum 1876:1880 arg1 levels 1882:1887 the elevated serum levels 1863:1887 the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05) 1863:1957 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 11 19 theme secretome 2127:2135 arg1 profile 2137:2143 optimizing ASC secretome profile 2112:2143 optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning 2112:2166 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 11 19 theme secretome 2127:2135 arg1 approach 2189:2196 a promising approach 2177:2196 a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells 2177:2240 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 7 20 theme AML12 1349:1353 arg1 viability 1360:1368 thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability 1327:1368 thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability 1327:1368 LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P<0.05). 25890074 4 21 theme control 703:709 arg1 medium 711:716 the control medium 699:716 the control medium 699:716 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hours with the control medium, LPS (0.5 ng/mL), CM, and LPS-CM and then cell viabilities were compared. 25890074 1 22 theme cell 185:188 arg1 plasticity 190:199 stem cell plasticity 180:199 stem cell plasticity 180:199 INTRODUCTION Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. 25890074 9 23 theme liver 1703:1707 arg1 regeneration 1709:1720 liver regeneration 1703:1720 liver regeneration 1703:1720 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 1 24 link cell-derived 247:258 arg1 secretome 260:268 stem cell-derived secretome 242:268 stem cell-derived secretome 242:268 INTRODUCTION Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. 25890074 9 25 theme transaminase 1902:1913 arg1 levels 1882:1887 the elevated serum levels 1863:1887 the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05) 1863:1957 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 8 26 theme in 1460:1461 arg1 experiment 1468:1477 the in vivo experiment 1456:1477 the in vivo experiment 1456:1477 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 9 27 theme alanine 1919:1925 arg1 transaminase 1927:1938 alanine transaminase 1919:1938 alanine transaminase 1919:1938 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 2 28 theme cell 445:448 arg1 secretome 456:464 adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome 424:464 adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome 424:464 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 7 29 theme thioacetamide-damaged 1327:1347 arg1 viability 1360:1368 thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability 1327:1368 thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability 1327:1368 LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P<0.05). 25890074 9 30 theme liver 1736:1740 arg1 changes 1749:1755 the liver weight changes 1732:1755 the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy 1732:1790 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 8 31 theme LPS-CM 1480:1485 arg1 infusion 1487:1494 LPS-CM infusion 1480:1494 LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice 1480:1533 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 2 32 theme adipose-derived 424:438 arg1 ASC 451:453 ASC 451:453 ASC 451:453 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 2 32 theme adipose-derived 424:438 arg1 cell 445:448 adipose-derived stem cell 424:448 adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome 424:464 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 0 33 theme Lipopolysaccharide 0:17 arg1 preconditioning 19:33 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning 0:33 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells 0:63 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells improves liver-regenerating activity of the secretome. 25890074 6 34 theme LPS 1048:1050 arg1 experiments 1035:1045 the in vitro experiments 1022:1045 the in vitro experiments 1022:1045 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 34 theme LPS 1048:1050 arg1 preconditioning 1052:1066 LPS preconditioning 1048:1066 LPS preconditioning of ASCs 1048:1074 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 2 35 dep composition 375:385 arg1 the 371:373 the 371:373 the 371:373 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 2 36 theme secretome 456:464 arg1 composition 375:385 composition 375:385 composition 375:385 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 2 36 theme secretome 456:464 arg1 activity 412:419 hepatic regenerative activity 391:419 hepatic regenerative activity 391:419 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 5 37 theme liver 940:944 arg1 measurements 953:964 liver weight measurements 940:964 liver weight measurements 940:964 CM and LPS-CM were also intravenously administered to partially hepatectomized mice, and their effects on liver regeneration were assessed by using liver weight measurements, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. 25890074 2 38 from effects 316:322 arg1 composition 375:385 composition 375:385 composition 375:385 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 2 38 from effects 316:322 arg1 activity 412:419 hepatic regenerative activity 391:419 hepatic regenerative activity 391:419 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 0 39 theme stem 54:57 arg1 cells 59:63 adipose-derived stem cells 38:63 adipose-derived stem cells 38:63 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells improves liver-regenerating activity of the secretome. 25890074 3 40 dep METHODS 467:473 arg1 CM 495:496 CM 495:496 CM 495:496 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. 25890074 3 40 dep METHODS 467:473 arg1 LPS-CM 503:508 LPS-CM 503:508 LPS-CM 503:508 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. 25890074 3 40 dep METHODS 467:473 arg1 medium 487:492 Conditioned medium 475:492 Conditioned medium (CM) 475:497 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. 25890074 3 40 dep METHODS 467:473 arg1 METHODS 467:473 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM 467:508 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM 467:508 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. 25890074 6 41 theme in 1026:1027 arg1 experiments 1035:1045 the in vitro experiments 1022:1045 the in vitro experiments 1022:1045 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 41 theme in 1026:1027 arg1 preconditioning 1052:1066 LPS preconditioning 1048:1066 LPS preconditioning of ASCs 1048:1074 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 42 theme interleukin-6 1115:1127 arg1 levels 1105:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 11 43 theme stem 2231:2234 arg1 cells 2236:2240 stem cells 2231:2240 stem cells 2231:2240 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 1 44 from recognition 141:151 arg1 plasticity 190:199 stem cell plasticity 180:199 stem cell plasticity 180:199 INTRODUCTION Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. 25890074 9 45 from day 1944:1946 arg1 P<0.05 1951:1956 P<0.05 1951:1956 P<0.05 1951:1956 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 9 45 from day 1944:1946 arg1 transaminase 1902:1913 aspartate transaminase 1892:1913 aspartate transaminase 1892:1913 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 4 46 theme Untreated 606:614 arg1 hepatocytes 654:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes 606:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes 606:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hours with the control medium, LPS (0.5 ng/mL), CM, and LPS-CM and then cell viabilities were compared. 25890074 6 47 theme mRNA 1089:1092 arg1 levels 1105:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 8 48 theme TNF-α 1572:1576 arg1 levels 1578:1583 serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels 1557:1583 levels 1578:1583 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 11 49 theme optimizing 2112:2121 arg1 profile 2137:2143 optimizing ASC secretome profile 2112:2143 optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning 2112:2166 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 11 49 theme optimizing 2112:2121 arg1 approach 2189:2196 a promising approach 2177:2196 a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells 2177:2240 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 2 50 theme hepatic 391:397 arg1 activity 412:419 hepatic regenerative activity 391:419 hepatic regenerative activity 391:419 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 9 51 from day 1760:1762 arg1 changes 1749:1755 the liver weight changes 1732:1755 the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy 1732:1790 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 0 52 link adipose-derived 38:52 arg1 cells 59:63 adipose-derived stem cells 38:63 adipose-derived stem cells 38:63 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells improves liver-regenerating activity of the secretome. 25890074 6 53 from RESULTS 1011:1017 arg1 experiments 1035:1045 the in vitro experiments 1022:1045 the in vitro experiments 1022:1045 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 53 from RESULTS 1011:1017 arg1 preconditioning 1052:1066 LPS preconditioning 1048:1066 LPS preconditioning of ASCs 1048:1074 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 3 54 theme low-dose 567:574 arg1 LPS 576:578 low-dose LPS 567:578 low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) 567:590 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. 25890074 3 54 theme low-dose 567:574 arg1 ng/mL 585:589 0.5 ng/mL 581:589 0.5 ng/mL 581:589 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. 25890074 11 55 theme promising 2179:2187 arg1 profile 2137:2143 optimizing ASC secretome profile 2112:2143 optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning 2112:2166 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 11 55 theme promising 2179:2187 arg1 approach 2189:2196 a promising approach 2177:2196 a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells 2177:2240 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 5 56 theme hepatectomized 856:869 arg1 mice 871:874 partially hepatectomized mice 846:874 partially hepatectomized mice 846:874 CM and LPS-CM were also intravenously administered to partially hepatectomized mice, and their effects on liver regeneration were assessed by using liver weight measurements, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. 25890074 6 57 theme necrosis 1143:1150 arg1 factor-alpha 1152:1163 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 1137:1163 tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) 1137:1171 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 57 theme necrosis 1143:1150 arg1 TNF-α 1166:1170 TNF-α 1166:1170 TNF-α 1166:1170 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 58 theme growth 1225:1230 arg1 factor 1232:1237 vascular endothelial growth factor 1204:1237 vascular endothelial growth factor 1204:1237 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 8 59 theme partial 1647:1653 arg1 hepatectomy 1655:1665 partial hepatectomy 1647:1665 partial hepatectomy 1647:1665 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 1 60 theme considerable 217:228 arg1 interest 230:237 considerable interest 217:237 considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome 217:268 INTRODUCTION Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. 25890074 10 61 dep CONCLUSIONS 1960:1970 arg1 suggest 1984:1990 suggest 1984:1990 suggest that LPS preconditioning effectively stimulates ASCs to produce the secretome beneficial to hepatic regeneration 1984:2103 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LPS preconditioning effectively stimulates ASCs to produce the secretome beneficial to hepatic regeneration. 25890074 9 62 from % 1797:1797 arg1 group 1822:1826 the CM group 1815:1826 the CM group 1815:1826 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 11 63 theme liver 2207:2211 arg1 diseases 2213:2220 liver diseases 2207:2220 liver diseases 2207:2220 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 7 64 theme control 1411:1417 arg1 cells 1419:1423 the control cells 1407:1423 the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P<0.05) 1407:1450 LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P<0.05). 25890074 4 65 theme AML12 648:652 arg1 hepatocytes 654:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes 606:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes 606:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hours with the control medium, LPS (0.5 ng/mL), CM, and LPS-CM and then cell viabilities were compared. 25890074 1 66 theme cell-derived 247:258 arg1 secretome 260:268 stem cell-derived secretome 242:268 stem cell-derived secretome 242:268 INTRODUCTION Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. 25890074 10 67 theme hepatic 2084:2090 arg1 regeneration 2092:2103 hepatic regeneration 2084:2103 hepatic regeneration 2084:2103 CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LPS preconditioning effectively stimulates ASCs to produce the secretome beneficial to hepatic regeneration. 25890074 7 68 theme CM-incubated 1384:1395 arg1 cells 1397:1401 CM-incubated cells 1384:1401 CM-incubated cells 1384:1401 LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P<0.05). 25890074 9 69 theme elevated 1867:1874 arg1 levels 1882:1887 the elevated serum levels 1863:1887 the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05) 1863:1957 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 6 70 theme liver 1277:1281 arg1 regeneration 1283:1294 liver regeneration 1277:1294 liver regeneration 1277:1294 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 9 71 dep % 1797:1797 arg1 P<0.05 1829:1834 P<0.05 1829:1834 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05 1793:1834 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 1 72 theme mechanisms 166:175 arg1 recognition 141:151 recognition 141:151 recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity 141:199 INTRODUCTION Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. 25890074 9 73 theme LPS-CM 1678:1683 arg1 infusion 1685:1692 LPS-CM infusion 1678:1692 LPS-CM infusion 1678:1692 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 6 74 theme hepatocyte 1174:1183 arg1 factor 1192:1197 hepatocyte growth factor 1174:1197 hepatocyte growth factor 1174:1197 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 2 75 theme study 287:291 arg1 aim 275:277 The aim 271:277 The aim of this study 271:291 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 1 76 from interest 230:237 arg1 secretome 260:268 stem cell-derived secretome 242:268 stem cell-derived secretome 242:268 INTRODUCTION Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. 25890074 1 77 theme stem 180:183 arg1 plasticity 190:199 stem cell plasticity 180:199 stem cell plasticity 180:199 INTRODUCTION Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. 25890074 1 78 theme paracrine 156:164 arg1 mechanisms 166:175 paracrine mechanisms 156:175 paracrine mechanisms 156:175 INTRODUCTION Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. 25890074 7 79 theme cell 1355:1358 arg1 viability 1360:1368 thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability 1327:1368 thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability 1327:1368 LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P<0.05). 25890074 9 80 theme aspartate 1892:1900 arg1 P<0.05 1951:1956 P<0.05 1951:1956 P<0.05 1951:1956 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 9 80 theme aspartate 1892:1900 arg1 transaminase 1902:1913 aspartate transaminase 1892:1913 aspartate transaminase 1892:1913 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 0 81 theme secretome 109:117 arg1 activity 93:100 liver-regenerating activity 74:100 liver-regenerating activity of the secretome 74:117 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells improves liver-regenerating activity of the secretome. 25890074 7 82 dep cells 1419:1423 arg1 % 1428:1428 77% 1426:1428 77% 1426:1428 LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P<0.05). 25890074 7 82 dep cells 1419:1423 arg1 % 1433:1433 69% 1431:1433 69% 1431:1433 LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P<0.05). 25890074 7 82 dep cells 1419:1423 arg1 % 1442:1442 65% 1440:1442 65% 1440:1442 LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P<0.05). 25890074 11 83 theme ASC 2123:2125 arg1 profile 2137:2143 optimizing ASC secretome profile 2112:2143 optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning 2112:2166 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 11 83 theme ASC 2123:2125 arg1 approach 2189:2196 a promising approach 2177:2196 a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells 2177:2240 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 5 84 from effects 887:893 arg1 regeneration 904:915 liver regeneration 898:915 liver regeneration 898:915 CM and LPS-CM were also intravenously administered to partially hepatectomized mice, and their effects on liver regeneration were assessed by using liver weight measurements, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. 25890074 5 85 theme weight 946:951 arg1 measurements 953:964 liver weight measurements 940:964 liver weight measurements 940:964 CM and LPS-CM were also intravenously administered to partially hepatectomized mice, and their effects on liver regeneration were assessed by using liver weight measurements, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. 25890074 9 86 theme transaminase 1927:1938 arg1 levels 1882:1887 the elevated serum levels 1863:1887 the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05) 1863:1957 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 6 87 dep in 1026:1027 arg1 vitro 1029:1033 vitro 1029:1033 vitro 1029:1033 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 88 theme ASCs 1071:1074 arg1 experiments 1035:1045 the in vitro experiments 1022:1045 the in vitro experiments 1022:1045 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 6 88 theme ASCs 1071:1074 arg1 preconditioning 1052:1066 LPS preconditioning 1048:1066 LPS preconditioning of ASCs 1048:1074 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 11 89 theme LPS 2148:2150 arg1 preconditioning 2152:2166 LPS preconditioning 2148:2166 LPS preconditioning 2148:2166 Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells. 25890074 8 90 from groups 1609:1614 arg1 days 1628:1631 days 1 and 2 1628:1639 days 1628:1631 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 8 90 from groups 1609:1614 arg1 2 1639:1639 2 1639:1639 2 1639:1639 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 2 91 theme stem 440:443 arg1 ASC 451:453 ASC 451:453 ASC 451:453 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 2 91 theme stem 440:443 arg1 cell 445:448 adipose-derived stem cell 424:448 adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome 424:464 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 9 92 theme weight 1742:1747 arg1 changes 1749:1755 the liver weight changes 1732:1755 the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy 1732:1790 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 0 93 theme adipose-derived 38:52 arg1 cells 59:63 adipose-derived stem cells 38:63 adipose-derived stem cells 38:63 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells improves liver-regenerating activity of the secretome. 25890074 8 94 theme hepatectomized 1515:1528 arg1 mice 1530:1533 the partially hepatectomized mice 1501:1533 the partially hepatectomized mice 1501:1533 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 2 95 link adipose-derived 424:438 arg1 ASC 451:453 ASC 451:453 ASC 451:453 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 2 95 link adipose-derived 424:438 arg1 cell 445:448 adipose-derived stem cell 424:448 adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome 424:464 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 0 96 theme cells 59:63 arg1 preconditioning 19:33 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning 0:33 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells 0:63 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells improves liver-regenerating activity of the secretome. 25890074 3 97 theme Conditioned 475:485 arg1 CM 495:496 CM 495:496 CM 495:496 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. 25890074 3 97 theme Conditioned 475:485 arg1 medium 487:492 Conditioned medium 475:492 Conditioned medium (CM) 475:497 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. 25890074 3 97 theme Conditioned 475:485 arg1 METHODS 467:473 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM 467:508 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM 467:508 METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. 25890074 0 98 theme liver-regenerating 74:91 arg1 activity 93:100 liver-regenerating activity 74:100 liver-regenerating activity of the secretome 74:117 Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells improves liver-regenerating activity of the secretome. 25890074 9 99 theme partial 1772:1778 arg1 hepatectomy 1780:1790 partial hepatectomy 1772:1790 partial hepatectomy 1772:1790 Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P<0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P<0.05). 25890074 8 100 theme serum 1557:1561 arg1 IL-6 1563:1566 serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels 1557:1583 IL-6 1563:1566 In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P<0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. 25890074 4 101 theme cell 760:763 arg1 viabilities 765:775 then cell viabilities 755:775 then cell viabilities 755:775 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hours with the control medium, LPS (0.5 ng/mL), CM, and LPS-CM and then cell viabilities were compared. 25890074 2 102 theme preconditioning 352:366 arg1 effects 316:322 the effects 312:322 the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome 312:464 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25890074 5 103 theme Western 993:999 arg1 blotting 1001:1008 Western blotting 993:1008 Western blotting 993:1008 CM and LPS-CM were also intravenously administered to partially hepatectomized mice, and their effects on liver regeneration were assessed by using liver weight measurements, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. 25890074 6 104 theme expression 1094:1103 arg1 levels 1105:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 the mRNA expression levels 1085:1110 RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. 25890074 4 105 theme mouse 642:646 arg1 hepatocytes 654:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes 606:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes 606:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hours with the control medium, LPS (0.5 ng/mL), CM, and LPS-CM and then cell viabilities were compared. 25890074 4 106 theme thioacetamide-treated 620:640 arg1 hepatocytes 654:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes 606:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes 606:664 Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hours with the control medium, LPS (0.5 ng/mL), CM, and LPS-CM and then cell viabilities were compared. 25890074 2 107 theme regenerative 399:410 arg1 activity 412:419 hepatic regenerative activity 391:419 hepatic regenerative activity 391:419 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome. 25479166 6 0 theme ACLT 926:929 arg1 result 916:921 a result 914:921 a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) 914:992 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 8 1 theme ACLT 1504:1507 arg1 joints 1509:1514 the ACLT joints 1500:1514 the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1500:1599 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 7 2 theme lateral 1213:1219 arg1 condyles 1240:1247 both lateral and medial femoral condyles 1208:1247 both lateral and medial femoral condyles 1208:1247 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 1 3 theme subchondral 261:271 arg1 plate 278:282 subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 261:302 plate 278:282 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 2 4 theme right 576:580 arg1 joints 587:592 the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints 551:592 the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints 551:592 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 2 4 theme right 576:580 arg1 unoperated 604:613 unoperated 604:613 unoperated 604:613 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 2 4 theme right 576:580 arg1 CTRL 570:573 CTRL 570:573 CTRL 570:573 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 10 5 theme early 2020:2024 arg1 changes 2041:2047 early osteoarthritic changes 2020:2047 early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment 2020:2074 The former finding may be associated with reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT, while the latter finding reflects early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 6 from thickness 1082:1090 arg1 compartment 1122:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment 1095:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1095:1143 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 6 from thickness 1082:1090 arg1 < 1137:1137 P < 0.05 1135:1142 P < 0.05 1135:1142 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 1 7 theme plate 278:282 arg1 volume 251:256 volume 251:256 volume 251:256 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 7 theme plate 278:282 arg1 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 7 theme plate 278:282 arg1 properties 308:317 properties 308:317 properties of articular cartilage 308:340 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 5 8 theme cartilage 878:886 arg1 composition 853:863 composition 853:863 composition 853:863 Additionally, biomechanical properties, structure and composition of articular cartilage were assessed. 25479166 5 8 theme cartilage 878:886 arg1 structure 839:847 structure 839:847 structure 839:847 Additionally, biomechanical properties, structure and composition of articular cartilage were assessed. 25479166 5 8 theme cartilage 878:886 arg1 properties 827:836 biomechanical properties 813:836 biomechanical properties 813:836 Additionally, biomechanical properties, structure and composition of articular cartilage were assessed. 25479166 9 9 theme early 1631:1635 arg1 OA 1637:1638 early OA 1631:1638 early OA 1631:1638 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 10 from volume 1051:1056 arg1 compartment 1122:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment 1095:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1095:1143 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 10 from volume 1051:1056 arg1 < 1137:1137 P < 0.05 1135:1142 P < 0.05 1135:1142 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 11 theme plate 977:981 arg1 ACLT 926:929 ACLT 926:929 ACLT 926:929 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 11 theme plate 977:981 arg1 thinning 944:951 significant thinning 932:951 significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) 932:992 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 7 12 theme joint 1364:1368 arg1 cartilage 1370:1378 CTRL joint cartilage 1359:1378 CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05) 1359:1389 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 7 12 theme joint 1364:1368 arg1 < 1383:1383 P < 0.05 1381:1388 P < 0.05 1381:1388 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 1 13 theme osteoarthritic-like 202:220 arg1 changes 222:228 early osteoarthritic-like changes 196:228 early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 196:438 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 6 14 theme subchondral 960:970 arg1 plate 977:981 the subchondral bone plate 956:981 the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) 956:992 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 14 theme subchondral 960:970 arg1 < 986:986 P < 0.05 984:991 P < 0.05 984:991 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 8 15 theme Significant 1392:1402 arg1 alterations 1404:1414 Significant alterations 1392:1414 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle 1392:1448 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 3 16 dep weeks 650:654 arg1 ACLT 662:665 ACLT 662:665 ACLT 662:665 Femoral condyles were harvested 4 weeks after ACLT. 25479166 1 17 from changes 222:228 arg1 volume 251:256 volume 251:256 volume 251:256 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 17 from changes 222:228 arg1 model 354:358 a rabbit model 345:358 a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 345:438 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 17 from changes 222:228 arg1 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 17 from changes 222:228 arg1 properties 308:317 properties 308:317 properties of articular cartilage 308:340 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 9 18 from CONCLUSIONS 1602:1612 arg1 changes 1653:1659 significant changes 1641:1659 significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 1641:1734 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 18 from CONCLUSIONS 1602:1612 arg1 model 1622:1626 this model 1617:1626 this model of early OA 1617:1638 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 1 19 dep structure 237:245 arg1 the 233:235 the 233:235 the 233:235 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 10 20 theme joint 1933:1937 arg1 loading 1939:1945 reduced joint loading 1925:1945 reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT 1925:1983 The former finding may be associated with reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT, while the latter finding reflects early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment. 25479166 0 21 theme anterior 134:141 arg1 transection 161:171 anterior cruciate ligament transection 134:171 anterior cruciate ligament transection 134:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 1 22 theme cruciate 403:410 arg1 ACLT 434:437 ACLT 434:437 ACLT 434:437 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 22 theme cruciate 403:410 arg1 transection 421:431 anterior cruciate ligament transection 394:431 anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 394:438 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 6 23 theme significant 932:942 arg1 ACLT 926:929 ACLT 926:929 ACLT 926:929 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 23 theme significant 932:942 arg1 thinning 944:951 significant thinning 932:951 significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) 932:992 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 2 24 theme contralateral 555:567 arg1 joints 587:592 the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints 551:592 the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints 551:592 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 2 24 theme contralateral 555:567 arg1 unoperated 604:613 unoperated 604:613 unoperated 604:613 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 2 24 theme contralateral 555:567 arg1 CTRL 570:573 CTRL 570:573 CTRL 570:573 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 8 25 theme collagen 1423:1430 arg1 angle 1444:1448 the collagen orientation angle 1419:1448 the collagen orientation angle 1419:1448 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 6 26 theme lateral 1184:1190 arg1 compartment 1192:1202 the lateral compartment 1180:1202 the lateral compartment 1180:1202 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 0 27 theme ligament 152:159 arg1 transection 161:171 anterior cruciate ligament transection 134:171 anterior cruciate ligament transection 134:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 2 28 theme New 495:497 arg1 rabbits 513:519 eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 471:519 eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 471:519 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 4 29 theme Micro-computed 668:681 arg1 tomography 683:692 Micro-computed tomography 668:692 Micro-computed tomography imaging 668:700 Micro-computed tomography imaging was applied to evaluate the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone. 25479166 10 30 theme medial 1954:1959 arg1 compartment 1961:1971 the medial compartment 1950:1971 the medial compartment due to ACLT 1950:1983 The former finding may be associated with reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT, while the latter finding reflects early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment. 25479166 8 31 theme femoral 1531:1537 arg1 condyle 1539:1545 the lateral femoral condyle 1519:1545 the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1519:1599 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 0 32 theme cartilage 69:77 arg1 properties 79:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties 15:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 15:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 1 33 theme rabbit 347:352 arg1 model 354:358 a rabbit model 345:358 a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 345:438 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 9 34 dep bone 1705:1708 arg1 plate 1710:1714 plate 1710:1714 plate 1710:1714 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 35 theme trabecular 1720:1729 arg1 bone 1731:1734 trabecular bone 1720:1734 trabecular bone 1720:1734 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 0 36 from Alterations 0:10 arg1 properties 79:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties 15:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 15:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 4 37 theme bone 767:770 arg1 plate 772:776 subchondral bone plate 755:776 subchondral bone plate 755:776 Micro-computed tomography imaging was applied to evaluate the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone. 25479166 2 38 dep joints 459:464 arg1 rabbits 513:519 eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 471:519 eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 471:519 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 6 39 theme P 984:984 arg1 plate 977:981 the subchondral bone plate 956:981 the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) 956:992 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 39 theme P 984:984 arg1 < 986:986 P < 0.05 984:991 P < 0.05 984:991 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 2 40 theme white 507:511 arg1 rabbits 513:519 eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 471:519 eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 471:519 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 7 41 theme zone 1290:1293 arg1 content 1313:1319 superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content 1278:1319 superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content 1278:1319 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 6 42 dep volume 1051:1056 arg1 fraction 1058:1065 fraction 1058:1065 fraction 1058:1065 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 0 43 theme femoral 100:106 arg1 condyles 108:115 rabbit femoral condyles 93:115 rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 93:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 6 44 theme trabecular 1071:1080 arg1 thickness 1082:1090 trabecular thickness 1071:1090 trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1071:1143 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 2 45 from joints 459:464 arg1 METHODS 441:447 METHODS 441:447 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 441:519 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 9 46 theme subchondral 1693:1703 arg1 bone 1705:1708 subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 1693:1734 bone 1705:1708 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 4 47 theme structural 730:739 arg1 properties 741:750 the structural properties 726:750 the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 726:796 Micro-computed tomography imaging was applied to evaluate the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone. 25479166 5 48 theme biomechanical 813:825 arg1 properties 827:836 biomechanical properties 813:836 biomechanical properties 813:836 Additionally, biomechanical properties, structure and composition of articular cartilage were assessed. 25479166 10 49 from loading 1939:1945 arg1 compartment 1961:1971 the medial compartment 1950:1971 the medial compartment due to ACLT 1950:1983 The former finding may be associated with reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT, while the latter finding reflects early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment. 25479166 0 50 theme subchondral 15:25 arg1 plate 32:36 subchondral bone plate 15:36 subchondral bone plate 15:36 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 1 51 theme bone 299:302 arg1 volume 251:256 volume 251:256 volume 251:256 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 51 theme bone 299:302 arg1 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 51 theme bone 299:302 arg1 properties 308:317 properties 308:317 properties of articular cartilage 308:340 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 6 52 theme bone 1046:1049 arg1 volume 1051:1056 significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1013:1143 volume 1051:1056 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 53 theme medial 1770:1775 arg1 condyle 1777:1783 the femoral medial condyle 1758:1783 the femoral medial condyle 1758:1783 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 8 54 theme lateral 1523:1529 arg1 condyle 1539:1545 the lateral femoral condyle 1519:1545 the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1519:1599 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 0 55 theme plate 32:36 arg1 properties 79:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties 15:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 15:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 6 56 theme reduced 1027:1033 arg1 volume 1051:1056 significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1013:1143 volume 1051:1056 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 2 57 theme knee 454:457 arg1 joints 459:464 Left knee joints 449:464 Left knee joints 449:464 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 9 58 theme bone 1705:1708 arg1 microstructure 1675:1688 microstructure 1675:1688 microstructure 1675:1688 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 58 theme bone 1705:1708 arg1 volume 1664:1669 volume 1664:1669 volume 1664:1669 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 0 59 theme trabecular 39:48 arg1 bone 50:53 trabecular bone 39:53 trabecular bone 39:53 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 1 60 theme articular 322:330 arg1 cartilage 332:340 articular cartilage 322:340 articular cartilage 322:340 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 7 61 theme equilibrium 1254:1264 arg1 modulus 1266:1272 the equilibrium modulus 1250:1272 the equilibrium modulus 1250:1272 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 7 61 theme equilibrium 1254:1264 arg1 lower 1340:1344 lower 1340:1344 lower 1340:1344 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 4 62 theme bone 793:796 arg1 properties 741:750 the structural properties 726:750 the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 726:796 Micro-computed tomography imaging was applied to evaluate the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone. 25479166 6 63 theme condyle 1114:1120 arg1 compartment 1122:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment 1095:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1095:1143 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 63 theme condyle 1114:1120 arg1 < 1137:1137 P < 0.05 1135:1142 P < 0.05 1135:1142 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 64 theme articular 1807:1815 arg1 properties 1827:1836 articular cartilage properties 1807:1836 articular cartilage properties 1807:1836 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 0 65 from weeks 122:126 arg1 properties 79:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties 15:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 15:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 0 65 from weeks 122:126 arg1 condyles 108:115 rabbit femoral condyles 93:115 rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 93:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 6 66 theme medial 1099:1104 arg1 compartment 1122:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment 1095:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1095:1143 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 66 theme medial 1099:1104 arg1 < 1137:1137 P < 0.05 1135:1142 P < 0.05 1135:1142 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 10 67 theme lateral 2056:2062 arg1 compartment 2064:2074 the lateral compartment 2052:2074 the lateral compartment 2052:2074 The former finding may be associated with reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT, while the latter finding reflects early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment. 25479166 2 68 theme knee 582:585 arg1 joints 587:592 the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints 551:592 the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints 551:592 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 2 68 theme knee 582:585 arg1 unoperated 604:613 unoperated 604:613 unoperated 604:613 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 2 68 theme knee 582:585 arg1 CTRL 570:573 CTRL 570:573 CTRL 570:573 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 10 69 theme osteoarthritic 2026:2039 arg1 changes 2041:2047 early osteoarthritic changes 2020:2047 early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment 2020:2074 The former finding may be associated with reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT, while the latter finding reflects early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment. 25479166 8 70 theme P 1591:1591 arg1 compartment 1578:1588 the medial condyle compartment 1559:1588 the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1559:1599 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 8 70 theme P 1591:1591 arg1 < 1593:1593 P < 0.05 1591:1598 P < 0.05 1591:1598 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 1 71 theme bone 273:276 arg1 plate 278:282 subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 261:302 plate 278:282 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 9 72 from severe 1848:1853 arg1 compartment 1870:1880 the lateral compartment 1858:1880 the lateral compartment 1858:1880 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 10 73 theme former 1887:1892 arg1 finding 1894:1900 The former finding 1883:1900 The former finding 1883:1900 The former finding may be associated with reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT, while the latter finding reflects early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment. 25479166 5 74 theme articular 868:876 arg1 cartilage 878:886 articular cartilage 868:886 articular cartilage 868:886 Additionally, biomechanical properties, structure and composition of articular cartilage were assessed. 25479166 9 75 theme lateral 1862:1868 arg1 compartment 1870:1880 the lateral compartment 1858:1880 the lateral compartment 1858:1880 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 76 theme OA 1637:1638 arg1 changes 1653:1659 significant changes 1641:1659 significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 1641:1734 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 76 theme OA 1637:1638 arg1 model 1622:1626 this model 1617:1626 this model of early OA 1617:1638 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 7 77 theme P 1381:1381 arg1 cartilage 1370:1378 CTRL joint cartilage 1359:1378 CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05) 1359:1389 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 7 77 theme P 1381:1381 arg1 < 1383:1383 P < 0.05 1381:1388 P < 0.05 1381:1388 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 1 78 theme early 196:200 arg1 changes 222:228 early osteoarthritic-like changes 196:228 early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 196:438 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 6 79 theme bone 972:975 arg1 plate 977:981 the subchondral bone plate 956:981 the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) 956:992 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 79 theme bone 972:975 arg1 < 986:986 P < 0.05 984:991 P < 0.05 984:991 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 80 theme significant 1641:1651 arg1 changes 1653:1659 significant changes 1641:1659 significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 1641:1734 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 80 theme significant 1641:1651 arg1 model 1622:1626 this model 1617:1626 this model of early OA 1617:1638 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 0 81 from properties 79:88 arg1 weeks 122:126 4 weeks 120:126 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 120:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 2 82 theme ACLT 531:534 arg1 surgery 536:542 ACLT surgery 531:542 ACLT surgery 531:542 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 7 83 theme CTRL 1359:1362 arg1 cartilage 1370:1378 CTRL joint cartilage 1359:1378 CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05) 1359:1389 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 7 83 theme CTRL 1359:1362 arg1 < 1383:1383 P < 0.05 1381:1388 P < 0.05 1381:1388 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 0 84 theme cruciate 143:150 arg1 transection 161:171 anterior cruciate ligament transection 134:171 anterior cruciate ligament transection 134:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 1 85 theme anterior 394:401 arg1 ACLT 434:437 ACLT 434:437 ACLT 434:437 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 85 theme anterior 394:401 arg1 transection 421:431 anterior cruciate ligament transection 394:431 anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 394:438 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 8 86 theme orientation 1432:1442 arg1 angle 1444:1448 the collagen orientation angle 1419:1448 the collagen orientation angle 1419:1448 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 10 87 theme reduced 1925:1931 arg1 loading 1939:1945 reduced joint loading 1925:1945 reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT 1925:1983 The former finding may be associated with reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT, while the latter finding reflects early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment. 25479166 1 88 theme ligament 412:419 arg1 ACLT 434:437 ACLT 434:437 ACLT 434:437 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 88 theme ligament 412:419 arg1 transection 421:431 anterior cruciate ligament transection 394:431 anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 394:438 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 9 89 from alterations 1792:1802 arg1 properties 1827:1836 articular cartilage properties 1807:1836 articular cartilage properties 1807:1836 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 90 from compartment 1870:1880 arg1 severe 1848:1853 severe 1848:1853 severe 1848:1853 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 0 91 theme articular 59:67 arg1 cartilage 69:77 articular cartilage 59:77 articular cartilage 59:77 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 2 92 theme mature 488:493 arg1 rabbits 513:519 eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 471:519 eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 471:519 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 8 93 theme medial 1563:1568 arg1 compartment 1578:1588 the medial condyle compartment 1559:1588 the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1559:1599 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 8 93 theme medial 1563:1568 arg1 < 1593:1593 P < 0.05 1591:1598 P < 0.05 1591:1598 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 8 94 from alterations 1404:1414 arg1 angle 1444:1448 the collagen orientation angle 1419:1448 the collagen orientation angle 1419:1448 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 9 95 from changes 1653:1659 arg1 microstructure 1675:1688 microstructure 1675:1688 microstructure 1675:1688 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 95 from changes 1653:1659 arg1 volume 1664:1669 volume 1664:1669 volume 1664:1669 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 4 96 theme tomography 683:692 arg1 imaging 694:700 Micro-computed tomography imaging 668:700 Micro-computed tomography imaging 668:700 Micro-computed tomography imaging was applied to evaluate the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone. 25479166 0 97 theme rabbit 93:98 arg1 condyles 108:115 rabbit femoral condyles 93:115 rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 93:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 9 98 theme bone 1731:1734 arg1 microstructure 1675:1688 microstructure 1675:1688 microstructure 1675:1688 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 98 theme bone 1731:1734 arg1 volume 1664:1669 volume 1664:1669 volume 1664:1669 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 4 99 theme subchondral 755:765 arg1 plate 772:776 subchondral bone plate 755:776 subchondral bone plate 755:776 Micro-computed tomography imaging was applied to evaluate the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone. 25479166 0 100 theme condyles 108:115 arg1 properties 79:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties 15:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 15:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 1 101 theme osteoarthritis 363:376 arg1 model 354:358 a rabbit model 345:358 a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) 345:438 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 10 102 theme latter 1996:2001 arg1 finding 2003:2009 the latter finding 1992:2009 the latter finding 1992:2009 The former finding may be associated with reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT, while the latter finding reflects early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment. 25479166 7 103 theme PG 1309:1310 arg1 content 1313:1319 superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content 1278:1319 superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content 1278:1319 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 2 104 theme Zealand 499:505 arg1 rabbits 513:519 eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 471:519 eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits 471:519 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 4 105 theme plate 772:776 arg1 properties 741:750 the structural properties 726:750 the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 726:796 Micro-computed tomography imaging was applied to evaluate the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone. 25479166 7 106 theme proteoglycan 1295:1306 arg1 content 1313:1319 superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content 1278:1319 superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content 1278:1319 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 0 107 theme bone 27:30 arg1 plate 32:36 subchondral bone plate 15:36 subchondral bone plate 15:36 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 1 108 theme trabecular 288:297 arg1 bone 299:302 subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 261:302 bone 299:302 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 9 109 located detected 1741:1748 arg1 condyle 1777:1783 the femoral medial condyle 1758:1783 the femoral medial condyle 1758:1783 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 9 109 located detected 1741:1748 arg2 CONCLUSIONS 1602:1612 CONCLUSIONS 1602:1612 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone 1602:1734 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 7 110 theme superficial 1278:1288 arg1 content 1313:1319 superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content 1278:1319 superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content 1278:1319 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 9 111 theme femoral 1762:1768 arg1 condyle 1777:1783 the femoral medial condyle 1758:1783 the femoral medial condyle 1758:1783 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 112 located observed 1168:1175 arg2 changes 1155:1161 no changes 1152:1161 no changes 1152:1161 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 112 located observed 1168:1175 arg1 compartment 1192:1202 the lateral compartment 1180:1202 the lateral compartment 1180:1202 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 10 113 from changes 2041:2047 arg1 compartment 2064:2074 the lateral compartment 2052:2074 the lateral compartment 2052:2074 The former finding may be associated with reduced joint loading in the medial compartment due to ACLT, while the latter finding reflects early osteoarthritic changes in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 114 theme femoral 1106:1112 arg1 compartment 1122:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment 1095:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1095:1143 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 114 theme femoral 1106:1112 arg1 < 1137:1137 P < 0.05 1135:1142 P < 0.05 1135:1142 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 8 115 from joints 1509:1514 arg1 condyle 1539:1545 the lateral femoral condyle 1519:1545 the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1519:1599 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 6 116 theme trabecular 1035:1044 arg1 volume 1051:1056 significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1013:1143 volume 1051:1056 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 8 117 theme relative 1547:1554 arg1 condyle 1539:1545 the lateral femoral condyle 1519:1545 the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1519:1599 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 3 118 theme Femoral 616:622 arg1 condyles 624:631 Femoral condyles 616:631 Femoral condyles 616:631 Femoral condyles were harvested 4 weeks after ACLT. 25479166 0 119 theme bone 50:53 arg1 properties 79:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties 15:88 subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection 15:171 Alterations in subchondral bone plate, trabecular bone and articular cartilage properties of rabbit femoral condyles at 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. 25479166 6 120 theme P 1135:1135 arg1 compartment 1122:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment 1095:1132 the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1095:1143 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 6 120 theme P 1135:1135 arg1 < 1137:1137 P < 0.05 1135:1142 P < 0.05 1135:1142 RESULTS As a result of ACLT, significant thinning of the subchondral bone plate (P < 0.05) was accompanied by significantly reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the medial femoral condyle compartment (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the lateral compartment. 25479166 2 121 theme Left 449:452 arg1 joints 459:464 Left knee joints 449:464 Left knee joints 449:464 METHODS Left knee joints from eight skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACLT surgery, while the contralateral (CTRL) right knee joints were left unoperated. 25479166 1 122 theme cartilage 332:340 arg1 volume 251:256 volume 251:256 volume 251:256 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 122 theme cartilage 332:340 arg1 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 structure 237:245 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 1 122 theme cartilage 332:340 arg1 properties 308:317 properties 308:317 properties of articular cartilage 308:340 OBJECTIVE To quantify early osteoarthritic-like changes in the structure and volume of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone and properties of articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 25479166 8 123 theme condyle 1570:1576 arg1 compartment 1578:1588 the medial condyle compartment 1559:1588 the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05) 1559:1599 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 8 123 theme condyle 1570:1576 arg1 < 1593:1593 P < 0.05 1591:1598 P < 0.05 1591:1598 Significant alterations in the collagen orientation angle extended substantially deeper into cartilage from the ACLT joints in the lateral femoral condyle relative to the medial condyle compartment (P < 0.05). 25479166 4 124 theme trabecular 782:791 arg1 bone 793:796 trabecular bone 782:796 trabecular bone 782:796 Micro-computed tomography imaging was applied to evaluate the structural properties of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone. 25479166 7 125 theme femoral 1232:1238 arg1 condyles 1240:1247 both lateral and medial femoral condyles 1208:1247 both lateral and medial femoral condyles 1208:1247 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 7 126 theme medial 1225:1230 arg1 condyles 1240:1247 both lateral and medial femoral condyles 1208:1247 both lateral and medial femoral condyles 1208:1247 In both lateral and medial femoral condyles, the equilibrium modulus and superficial zone proteoglycan (PG) content were significantly lower in ACLT than CTRL joint cartilage (P < 0.05). 25479166 9 127 theme cartilage 1817:1825 arg1 properties 1827:1836 articular cartilage properties 1807:1836 articular cartilage properties 1807:1836 CONCLUSIONS In this model of early OA, significant changes in volume and microstructure of subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone were detected only in the femoral medial condyle, while alterations in articular cartilage properties were more severe in the lateral compartment. 28435449 2 0 theme plasma 641:646 arg1 treatment 648:656 plasma treatment 641:656 plasma treatment 641:656 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 5 1 from P24 1608:1610 arg1 scaffold 1619:1626 the scaffold 1615:1626 the scaffold 1615:1626 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 5 2 theme kinetic 1570:1576 arg1 model 1578:1582 zero-order kinetic model 1559:1582 zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757) 1559:1605 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 0 3 theme repair 192:197 arg1 promotion 133:141 promotion 133:141 promotion of osteogenesis in vitro 133:166 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 0 3 theme repair 192:197 arg1 enhancement 172:182 enhancement 172:182 enhancement of bone repair 172:197 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 5 4 theme release 1465:1471 arg1 linear 1519:1524 linear 1519:1524 linear 1519:1524 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 5 4 theme release 1465:1471 arg1 profiles 1473:1480 the release profiles 1461:1480 the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA 1461:1512 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 9 5 theme higher 2363:2368 arg1 level 2391:2395 a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level 2347:2395 a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets 2347:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 9 6 from pockets 2444:2450 arg1 level 2391:2395 a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level 2347:2395 a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets 2347:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 2 7 theme multistep 800:808 arg1 procedures 810:819 overly complex multistep procedures 785:819 overly complex multistep procedures 785:819 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 9 8 theme osteogenesis 2378:2389 arg1 level 2391:2395 a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level 2347:2395 a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets 2347:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 8 9 theme higher 2190:2195 arg1 expression 2201:2210 a higher ALP expression 2188:2210 a higher ALP expression 2188:2210 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 11 10 theme bone 2710:2713 arg1 engineering 2722:2732 human bone tissue engineering 2704:2732 human bone tissue engineering 2704:2732 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering. 28435449 2 11 contain have 666:669 arg1 adsorption 616:625 physical adsorption 607:625 physical adsorption 607:625 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 11 contain have 666:669 arg1 coating 628:634 coating 628:634 coating 628:634 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 11 contain have 666:669 arg2 limitations 677:687 great limitations 671:687 great limitations 671:687 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 11 contain have 666:669 arg1 techniques 587:596 the traditional surface modification techniques 550:596 the traditional surface modification techniques 550:596 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 11 contain have 666:669 arg1 treatment 648:656 plasma treatment 641:656 plasma treatment 641:656 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 1 12 theme critical-sized 502:515 arg1 defects 522:528 critical-sized bone defects 502:528 critical-sized bone defects repairing 502:538 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 0 13 link BMP2-derived 33:44 arg1 P24 54:56 BMP2-derived peptide P24 33:56 BMP2-derived peptide P24 33:56 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 6 14 theme proliferation 1906:1918 arg1 rate 1920:1923 a high proliferation rate 1899:1923 a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels 1899:1977 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 5 15 theme cell 1651:1654 arg1 adhesion 1656:1663 cell adhesion 1651:1663 cell adhesion 1651:1663 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 4 16 theme bone 1243:1246 arg1 regeneration 1248:1259 bone regeneration 1243:1259 bone regeneration 1243:1259 The effect of CS-P24/HA scaffolds on bone regeneration was evaluated, along with the underlying biological mechanisms responsible in vitro and in vivo. 28435449 9 17 theme % 2405:2405 arg1 scaffolds 2413:2421 CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds 2400:2421 CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets 2400:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 0 18 from scaffold 76:83 arg1 release 22:28 release 22:28 release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold 22:83 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 8 19 theme calcium 2216:2222 arg1 level 2235:2239 calcium deposition level 2216:2239 calcium deposition level 2216:2239 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 11 20 theme novel 2606:2610 arg1 scaffold 2622:2629 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold 2601:2629 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold 2601:2629 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering. 28435449 9 21 theme scaffolds 2413:2421 arg1 level 2391:2395 a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level 2347:2395 a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets 2347:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 7 22 theme mRNA 1993:1996 arg1 levels 1998:2003 mRNA levels 1993:2003 mRNA levels for OCN, Runx2, and collagen I 1993:2034 Furthermore, mRNA levels for OCN, Runx2, and collagen I were significantly up-regulated on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with cells grown on CS/HA scaffolds in vitro (p < 0.05). 28435449 3 23 link BMP2-derived 948:959 arg1 P24 970:972 P24 970:972 P24 970:972 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 3 23 link BMP2-derived 948:959 arg1 peptide 961:967 BMP2-derived peptide 948:967 BMP2-derived peptide (P24) 948:973 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 4 24 theme CS-P24/HA 1220:1228 arg1 scaffolds 1230:1238 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 1220:1238 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 1220:1238 The effect of CS-P24/HA scaffolds on bone regeneration was evaluated, along with the underlying biological mechanisms responsible in vitro and in vivo. 28435449 10 25 theme superior 2527:2534 arg1 performance 2536:2546 superior performance 2527:2546 superior performance 2527:2546 Finally, CS-P24/HA scaffolds showed superior performance in the reconstruction of rat calvarial bone defects. 28435449 9 26 theme rat 2426:2428 arg1 pockets 2444:2450 rat dorsal muscle pockets 2426:2450 rat dorsal muscle pockets 2426:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 2 27 theme physical 607:614 arg1 adsorption 616:625 physical adsorption 607:625 physical adsorption 607:625 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 9 28 theme dorsal 2430:2435 arg1 pockets 2444:2450 rat dorsal muscle pockets 2426:2450 rat dorsal muscle pockets 2426:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 8 29 theme CS-P24/HA 2244:2252 arg1 scaffolds 2254:2262 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 2244:2262 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 2244:2262 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 2 30 theme molecules 721:729 arg1 immobilization 693:706 immobilization 693:706 immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures 693:819 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 9 31 theme muscle 2437:2442 arg1 pockets 2444:2450 rat dorsal muscle pockets 2426:2450 rat dorsal muscle pockets 2426:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 3 32 theme biomimetic 891:900 arg1 scaffold 912:919 the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold 855:919 the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) 855:973 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 6 33 theme concentration 1958:1970 arg1 levels 1972:1977 the P24 concentration levels 1950:1977 the P24 concentration levels 1950:1977 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 8 34 from expression 2201:2210 arg1 scaffolds 2254:2262 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 2244:2262 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 2244:2262 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 6 35 theme stromal 1760:1766 arg1 BMSCs 1775:1779 BMSCs 1775:1779 BMSCs 1775:1779 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 6 35 theme stromal 1760:1766 arg1 cells 1768:1772 Bone marrow stromal cells 1748:1772 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 1748:1780 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 2 36 theme controlled 750:759 arg1 performance 770:780 undesirable controlled delivery performance 738:780 undesirable controlled delivery performance 738:780 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 11 37 theme bone 2688:2691 arg1 defects 2693:2699 bone defects 2688:2699 bone defects 2688:2699 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering. 28435449 3 38 theme controlled 925:934 arg1 delivery 936:943 controlled delivery 925:943 controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) 925:973 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 2 39 theme surface 566:572 arg1 coating 628:634 coating 628:634 coating 628:634 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 39 theme surface 566:572 arg1 adsorption 616:625 physical adsorption 607:625 physical adsorption 607:625 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 39 theme surface 566:572 arg1 techniques 587:596 the traditional surface modification techniques 550:596 the traditional surface modification techniques 550:596 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 39 theme surface 566:572 arg1 treatment 648:656 plasma treatment 641:656 plasma treatment 641:656 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 6 40 theme Bone 1748:1751 arg1 BMSCs 1775:1779 BMSCs 1775:1779 BMSCs 1775:1779 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 6 40 theme Bone 1748:1751 arg1 cells 1768:1772 Bone marrow stromal cells 1748:1772 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 1748:1780 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 5 41 theme % 1506:1506 arg1 P24/HA 1507:1512 CS-10%P24/HA 1501:1512 CS-10%P24/HA 1501:1512 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 2 42 theme great 671:675 arg1 limitations 677:687 great limitations 671:687 great limitations 671:687 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 10 43 theme bone 2587:2590 arg1 defects 2592:2598 rat calvarial bone defects 2573:2598 rat calvarial bone defects 2573:2598 Finally, CS-P24/HA scaffolds showed superior performance in the reconstruction of rat calvarial bone defects. 28435449 0 44 theme chemical 88:95 arg1 modification 106:117 chemical grafting modification 88:117 chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair 88:197 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 9 45 theme CS/HA 2474:2478 arg1 scaffolds 2480:2488 CS/HA scaffolds 2474:2488 CS/HA scaffolds 2474:2488 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 8 46 from level 2235:2239 arg1 scaffolds 2254:2262 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 2244:2262 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 2244:2262 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 10 47 theme CS-P24/HA 2500:2508 arg1 scaffolds 2510:2518 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 2500:2518 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 2500:2518 Finally, CS-P24/HA scaffolds showed superior performance in the reconstruction of rat calvarial bone defects. 28435449 10 48 theme rat 2573:2575 arg1 defects 2592:2598 rat calvarial bone defects 2573:2598 rat calvarial bone defects 2573:2598 Finally, CS-P24/HA scaffolds showed superior performance in the reconstruction of rat calvarial bone defects. 28435449 5 49 theme controlled 1372:1381 arg1 release 1397:1403 the controlled and sustained release 1368:1403 the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 1368:1420 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 0 50 theme modification 106:117 arg1 technique 119:127 chemical grafting modification technique 88:127 chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair 88:197 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 1 51 theme cellular 404:411 arg1 proliferation 442:454 proliferation 442:454 proliferation 442:454 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 1 51 theme cellular 404:411 arg1 differentiation 461:475 differentiation 461:475 differentiation 461:475 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 1 51 theme cellular 404:411 arg1 adhesion 432:439 adhesion 432:439 adhesion 432:439 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 1 51 theme cellular 404:411 arg1 behaviors 413:421 cellular behaviors 404:421 cellular behaviors 404:421 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 5 52 dep could 1422:1426 arg1 fitted 1539:1544 fitted 1539:1544 could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757) 1530:1605 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 5 52 dep could 1422:1426 arg1 linear 1519:1524 linear 1519:1524 linear 1519:1524 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 5 52 dep could 1422:1426 arg1 profiles 1473:1480 the release profiles 1461:1480 the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA 1461:1512 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 5 53 theme % 1489:1489 arg1 P24/HA 1490:1495 CS-5%P24/HA 1485:1495 CS-5%P24/HA 1485:1495 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 5 54 theme sustained 1387:1395 arg1 release 1397:1403 the controlled and sustained release 1368:1403 the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 1368:1420 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 3 55 theme resultant 1131:1139 arg1 CS-P24 1141:1146 the resultant CS-P24 1127:1146 the resultant CS-P24 1127:1146 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 3 56 theme chemical 982:989 arg1 technique 1013:1021 the chemical grafting modification technique 978:1021 the chemical grafting modification technique 978:1021 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 8 57 theme CS/HA 2278:2282 arg1 scaffolds 2284:2292 CS/HA scaffolds 2278:2292 CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05) 2278:2303 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 8 57 theme CS/HA 2278:2282 arg1 < 2297:2297 p < 0.05 2295:2302 p < 0.05 2295:2302 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 6 58 theme spindle-shaped 1791:1804 arg1 morphology 1814:1823 spindle-shaped surface morphology 1791:1823 spindle-shaped surface morphology 1791:1823 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 0 59 theme BMP2-derived 33:44 arg1 P24 54:56 BMP2-derived peptide P24 33:56 BMP2-derived peptide P24 33:56 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 0 60 theme P24 54:56 arg1 release 22:28 release 22:28 release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold 22:83 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 3 61 theme modification 1000:1011 arg1 technique 1013:1021 the chemical grafting modification technique 978:1021 the chemical grafting modification technique 978:1021 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 11 62 theme strong 2643:2648 arg1 candidate 2660:2668 a strong potential candidate 2641:2668 a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering 2641:2732 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering. 28435449 4 63 theme biological 1302:1311 arg1 mechanisms 1313:1322 the underlying biological mechanisms 1287:1322 the underlying biological mechanisms responsible in vitro and in vivo 1287:1355 The effect of CS-P24/HA scaffolds on bone regeneration was evaluated, along with the underlying biological mechanisms responsible in vitro and in vivo. 28435449 1 64 theme tissue-engineered 223:239 arg1 scaffolds 246:254 tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 223:254 tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 223:254 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 4 65 from effect 1210:1215 arg1 regeneration 1248:1259 bone regeneration 1243:1259 bone regeneration 1243:1259 The effect of CS-P24/HA scaffolds on bone regeneration was evaluated, along with the underlying biological mechanisms responsible in vitro and in vivo. 28435449 11 66 theme human 2704:2708 arg1 engineering 2722:2732 human bone tissue engineering 2704:2732 human bone tissue engineering 2704:2732 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering. 28435449 4 67 theme responsible 1324:1334 arg1 mechanisms 1313:1322 the underlying biological mechanisms 1287:1322 the underlying biological mechanisms responsible in vitro and in vivo 1287:1355 The effect of CS-P24/HA scaffolds on bone regeneration was evaluated, along with the underlying biological mechanisms responsible in vitro and in vivo. 28435449 9 68 theme osteoinductive 2315:2328 arg1 studies 2330:2336 osteoinductive studies 2315:2336 osteoinductive studies 2315:2336 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 1 69 theme scaffolds 246:254 arg1 strategy 338:345 a critical strategy 327:345 a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing 327:538 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 1 69 theme scaffolds 246:254 arg1 Combination 208:218 Combination 208:218 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules 208:322 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 0 70 theme bone 187:190 arg1 repair 192:197 bone repair 187:197 bone repair 187:197 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 5 71 theme P24 1418:1420 arg1 release 1397:1403 the controlled and sustained release 1368:1403 the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 1368:1420 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 5 72 dep model 1578:1582 arg1 R2=0.9929 1585:1593 R2=0.9929 1585:1593 R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757 1585:1604 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 1 73 theme cell-adhesive 261:273 arg1 biomolecules 311:322 cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules 261:322 cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules 261:322 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 3 74 theme thiolated 1059:1067 arg1 chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine 1079:1105 chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine 1079:1105 chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA) 1079:1114 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 3 74 theme thiolated 1059:1067 arg1 chitosan 1069:1076 a thiolated chitosan 1057:1076 a thiolated chitosan 1057:1076 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 6 75 theme CS-P24/HA 1841:1849 arg1 scaffolds 1851:1859 the CS-P24/HA scaffolds 1837:1859 the CS-P24/HA scaffolds 1837:1859 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 5 76 theme zero-order 1559:1568 arg1 model 1578:1582 zero-order kinetic model 1559:1582 zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757) 1559:1605 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 1 77 theme osteoconductive 276:290 arg1 biomolecules 311:322 cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules 261:322 cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules 261:322 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 6 78 contain possessed 1889:1897 arg1 scaffolds 1851:1859 the CS-P24/HA scaffolds 1837:1859 the CS-P24/HA scaffolds 1837:1859 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 6 78 contain possessed 1889:1897 arg2 rate 1920:1923 a high proliferation rate 1899:1923 a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels 1899:1977 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 9 79 theme ectopic 2370:2376 arg1 level 2391:2395 a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level 2347:2395 a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets 2347:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 11 80 theme CS-P24/HA 2612:2620 arg1 scaffold 2622:2629 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold 2601:2629 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold 2601:2629 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering. 28435449 2 81 theme complex 792:798 arg1 procedures 810:819 overly complex multistep procedures 785:819 overly complex multistep procedures 785:819 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 11 82 from repair 2678:2683 arg1 engineering 2722:2732 human bone tissue engineering 2704:2732 human bone tissue engineering 2704:2732 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering. 28435449 11 83 theme tissue 2715:2720 arg1 engineering 2722:2732 human bone tissue engineering 2704:2732 human bone tissue engineering 2704:2732 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering. 28435449 1 84 theme bone 517:520 arg1 defects 522:528 critical-sized bone defects 502:528 critical-sized bone defects repairing 502:538 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 9 85 theme CS-10 2400:2404 arg1 % 2405:2405 % 2405:2405 % 2405:2405 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 8 86 theme ALP 2197:2199 arg1 expression 2201:2210 a higher ALP expression 2188:2210 a higher ALP expression 2188:2210 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 6 87 theme high 1901:1904 arg1 rate 1920:1923 a high proliferation rate 1899:1923 a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels 1899:1977 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 0 88 theme osteogenesis 146:157 arg1 promotion 133:141 promotion 133:141 promotion of osteogenesis in vitro 133:166 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 0 88 theme osteogenesis 146:157 arg1 enhancement 172:182 enhancement 172:182 enhancement of bone repair 172:197 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 9 89 theme P24/HA 2406:2411 arg1 scaffolds 2413:2421 CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds 2400:2421 CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets 2400:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 9 90 from scaffolds 2413:2421 arg1 pockets 2444:2450 rat dorsal muscle pockets 2426:2450 rat dorsal muscle pockets 2426:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 2 91 theme modification 574:585 arg1 coating 628:634 coating 628:634 coating 628:634 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 91 theme modification 574:585 arg1 adsorption 616:625 physical adsorption 607:625 physical adsorption 607:625 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 91 theme modification 574:585 arg1 techniques 587:596 the traditional surface modification techniques 550:596 the traditional surface modification techniques 550:596 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 91 theme modification 574:585 arg1 treatment 648:656 plasma treatment 641:656 plasma treatment 641:656 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 92 theme undesirable 738:748 arg1 performance 770:780 undesirable controlled delivery performance 738:780 undesirable controlled delivery performance 738:780 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 8 93 theme deposition 2224:2233 arg1 level 2235:2239 calcium deposition level 2216:2239 calcium deposition level 2216:2239 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 2 94 theme due 731:733 arg1 molecules 721:729 bioactive molecules 711:729 bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures 711:819 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 7 95 dep vitro 2139:2143 arg1 < 2148:2148 p < 0.05 2146:2153 p < 0.05 2146:2153 Furthermore, mRNA levels for OCN, Runx2, and collagen I were significantly up-regulated on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with cells grown on CS/HA scaffolds in vitro (p < 0.05). 28435449 7 96 theme CS/HA 2120:2124 arg1 scaffolds 2126:2134 CS/HA scaffolds 2120:2134 CS/HA scaffolds 2120:2134 Furthermore, mRNA levels for OCN, Runx2, and collagen I were significantly up-regulated on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with cells grown on CS/HA scaffolds in vitro (p < 0.05). 28435449 0 97 theme chitosan 67:74 arg1 scaffold 76:83 the chitosan scaffold 63:83 the chitosan scaffold 63:83 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 7 98 theme p 2146:2146 arg1 < 2148:2148 p < 0.05 2146:2153 p < 0.05 2146:2153 Furthermore, mRNA levels for OCN, Runx2, and collagen I were significantly up-regulated on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with cells grown on CS/HA scaffolds in vitro (p < 0.05). 28435449 3 99 theme composite 902:910 arg1 scaffold 912:919 the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold 855:919 the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) 855:973 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 2 100 theme delivery 761:768 arg1 performance 770:780 undesirable controlled delivery performance 738:780 undesirable controlled delivery performance 738:780 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 6 101 theme P24 1954:1956 arg1 levels 1972:1977 the P24 concentration levels 1950:1977 the P24 concentration levels 1950:1977 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 3 102 theme BMP2-derived 948:959 arg1 P24 970:972 P24 970:972 P24 970:972 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 3 102 theme BMP2-derived 948:959 arg1 peptide 961:967 BMP2-derived peptide 948:967 BMP2-derived peptide (P24) 948:973 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 6 103 theme marrow 1753:1758 arg1 BMSCs 1775:1779 BMSCs 1775:1779 BMSCs 1775:1779 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 6 103 theme marrow 1753:1758 arg1 cells 1768:1772 Bone marrow stromal cells 1748:1772 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) 1748:1780 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 5 104 theme CS-10 1501:1505 arg1 % 1506:1506 % 1506:1506 % 1506:1506 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 11 105 theme defects 2693:2699 arg1 repair 2678:2683 the repair 2674:2683 the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering 2674:2732 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering. 28435449 0 106 theme grafting 97:104 arg1 modification 106:117 chemical grafting modification 88:117 chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair 88:197 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 5 107 dep days 1442:1445 arg1 up 1433:1434 up 1433:1434 up 1433:1434 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 2 108 theme traditional 554:564 arg1 coating 628:634 coating 628:634 coating 628:634 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 108 theme traditional 554:564 arg1 adsorption 616:625 physical adsorption 607:625 physical adsorption 607:625 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 108 theme traditional 554:564 arg1 techniques 587:596 the traditional surface modification techniques 550:596 the traditional surface modification techniques 550:596 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 2 108 theme traditional 554:564 arg1 treatment 648:656 plasma treatment 641:656 plasma treatment 641:656 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 5 109 theme P24/HA 1507:1512 arg1 linear 1519:1524 linear 1519:1524 linear 1519:1524 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 5 109 theme P24/HA 1507:1512 arg1 profiles 1473:1480 the release profiles 1461:1480 the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA 1461:1512 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 4 110 theme underlying 1291:1300 arg1 mechanisms 1313:1322 the underlying biological mechanisms 1287:1322 the underlying biological mechanisms responsible in vitro and in vivo 1287:1355 The effect of CS-P24/HA scaffolds on bone regeneration was evaluated, along with the underlying biological mechanisms responsible in vitro and in vivo. 28435449 10 111 theme calvarial 2577:2585 arg1 defects 2592:2598 rat calvarial bone defects 2573:2598 rat calvarial bone defects 2573:2598 Finally, CS-P24/HA scaffolds showed superior performance in the reconstruction of rat calvarial bone defects. 28435449 5 112 theme CS-5 1485:1488 arg1 % 1489:1489 % 1489:1489 % 1489:1489 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 2 113 theme bioactive 711:719 arg1 molecules 721:729 bioactive molecules 711:729 bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures 711:819 However, the traditional surface modification techniques, such as physical adsorption, coating, and plasma treatment, et al, have great limitations for immobilization of bioactive molecules due to undesirable controlled delivery performance or overly complex multistep procedures. 28435449 1 114 theme bone 241:244 arg1 scaffolds 246:254 tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 223:254 tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 223:254 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 5 115 theme P24/HA 1490:1495 arg1 linear 1519:1524 linear 1519:1524 linear 1519:1524 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 5 115 theme P24/HA 1490:1495 arg1 profiles 1473:1480 the release profiles 1461:1480 the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA 1461:1512 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 1 116 theme osteoinductive 296:309 arg1 biomolecules 311:322 cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules 261:322 cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules 261:322 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 1 117 with Combination 208:218 arg1 biomolecules 311:322 cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules 261:322 cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules 261:322 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 3 118 theme grafting 991:998 arg1 technique 1013:1021 the chemical grafting modification technique 978:1021 the chemical grafting modification technique 978:1021 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 6 119 theme surface 1806:1812 arg1 morphology 1814:1823 spindle-shaped surface morphology 1791:1823 spindle-shaped surface morphology 1791:1823 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 10 120 theme defects 2592:2598 arg1 reconstruction 2555:2568 the reconstruction 2551:2568 the reconstruction of rat calvarial bone defects 2551:2598 Finally, CS-P24/HA scaffolds showed superior performance in the reconstruction of rat calvarial bone defects. 28435449 0 121 theme peptide 46:52 arg1 P24 54:56 BMP2-derived peptide P24 33:56 BMP2-derived peptide P24 33:56 Zero-order controlled release of BMP2-derived peptide P24 from the chitosan scaffold by chemical grafting modification technique for promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and enhancement of bone repair in vivo. 28435449 5 122 dep R2=0.9929 1585:1593 arg1 R2=0.9757 1596:1604 R2=0.9757 1596:1604 R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757 1585:1604 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 11 123 theme potential 2650:2658 arg1 candidate 2660:2668 a strong potential candidate 2641:2668 a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering 2641:2732 This novel CS-P24/HA scaffold is deemed a strong potential candidate for the repair of bone defects in human bone tissue engineering. 28435449 1 124 theme critical 329:336 arg1 Combination 208:218 Combination 208:218 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules 208:322 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 1 124 theme critical 329:336 arg1 strategy 338:345 a critical strategy 327:345 a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing 327:538 Combination of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds with cell-adhesive, osteoconductive, or osteoinductive biomolecules is a critical strategy to improve their properties that significantly influence cellular behaviors, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial for critical-sized bone defects repairing. 28435449 3 125 theme CS-P24/HA 1185:1193 arg1 scaffolds 1195:1203 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 1185:1203 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 1185:1203 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 8 126 theme p 2295:2295 arg1 scaffolds 2284:2292 CS/HA scaffolds 2278:2292 CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05) 2278:2303 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 8 126 theme p 2295:2295 arg1 < 2297:2297 p < 0.05 2295:2302 p < 0.05 2295:2302 Similarly, the BMSCs exhibited a higher ALP expression and calcium deposition level on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with CS/HA scaffolds (p < 0.05). 28435449 4 127 theme scaffolds 1230:1238 arg1 effect 1210:1215 The effect 1206:1215 The effect of CS-P24/HA scaffolds on bone regeneration 1206:1259 The effect of CS-P24/HA scaffolds on bone regeneration was evaluated, along with the underlying biological mechanisms responsible in vitro and in vivo. 28435449 9 128 from level 2391:2395 arg1 pockets 2444:2450 rat dorsal muscle pockets 2426:2450 rat dorsal muscle pockets 2426:2450 In vivo, osteoinductive studies revealed a significantly higher ectopic osteogenesis level of CS-10%P24/HA scaffolds in rat dorsal muscle pockets compared with that of CS/HA scaffolds. 28435449 3 129 theme peptide 961:967 arg1 delivery 936:943 controlled delivery 925:943 controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) 925:973 In this study, we functionalized the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) biomimetic composite scaffold for controlled delivery of BMP2-derived peptide (P24) by the chemical grafting modification technique: firstly, P24 was conjugated with a thiolated chitosan, chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (CS-TBA); secondly, the resultant CS-P24 was then combined with HA to prepare CS-P24/HA scaffolds. 28435449 7 130 theme CS-P24/HA 2071:2079 arg1 scaffolds 2081:2089 CS-P24/HA scaffolds 2071:2089 CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with cells grown on CS/HA scaffolds in vitro (p < 0.05) 2071:2154 Furthermore, mRNA levels for OCN, Runx2, and collagen I were significantly up-regulated on CS-P24/HA scaffolds compared with cells grown on CS/HA scaffolds in vitro (p < 0.05). 28435449 6 131 theme cell 1871:1874 arg1 adhesion 1876:1883 cell adhesion 1871:1883 cell adhesion 1871:1883 Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) revealed spindle-shaped surface morphology, indicating the CS-P24/HA scaffolds supported cell adhesion and possessed a high proliferation rate that varied according to the P24 concentration levels. 28435449 5 132 theme bioactive 1408:1416 arg1 P24 1418:1420 bioactive P24 1408:1420 bioactive P24 1408:1420 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 28435449 5 133 theme synergistic 1727:1737 arg1 effects 1739:1745 synergistic effects 1727:1745 synergistic effects 1727:1745 In vitro, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive P24 could last up to 90 days, furthermore, the release profiles of CS-5%P24/HA and CS-10%P24/HA were linear and could be fitted according to zero-order kinetic model (R2=0.9929; R2=0.9757); P24 on the scaffold significantly promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and mineralization with synergistic effects. 26268136 2 0 theme constituents 354:365 arg1 functions 333:341 the functions 329:341 the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) 329:429 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 1 1 theme dependent 247:255 arg1 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 1 1 theme dependent 247:255 arg1 process 239:245 an intricate biological process 215:245 an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events 215:305 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 12 2 theme biochemical 1493:1503 arg1 studies 1505:1511 Our immunofluorescence and biochemical studies 1466:1511 studies 1505:1511 Our immunofluorescence and biochemical studies confirm the proteomics identification of OMC45 polypeptide and that it exhibits a sequence similarity to TEKT3. 26268136 7 3 theme segment 1068:1074 arg1 staining 1042:1049 intense staining 1034:1049 intense staining of the acrosomal segment with anti-OMC45 and anti-TEKT3 1034:1105 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm exhibited intense staining of the acrosomal segment with anti-OMC45 and anti-TEKT3. 26268136 13 4 theme N-linked 1659:1666 arg1 oligosaccharides 1681:1696 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 1654:1696 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 1654:1696 OMC45 glycoprotein possesses both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. 26268136 1 5 theme several 262:268 arg1 events 300:305 several biochemical and physiological events 262:305 several biochemical and physiological events 262:305 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 4 6 theme kDa 630:632 arg1 polypeptide 642:652 the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide 623:652 the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide 623:652 The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide, to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases, and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. 26268136 11 7 theme polypeptide 1428:1438 arg1 presence 1410:1417 the presence 1406:1417 the presence of TEKT3 polypeptide in the anti-OMC45 pellet 1406:1463 An identical blot stained with anti-TEKT3 exhibited the presence of TEKT3 polypeptide in the anti-OMC45 pellet. 26268136 13 8 theme O-linked 1672:1679 arg1 oligosaccharides 1681:1696 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 1654:1696 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 1654:1696 OMC45 glycoprotein possesses both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. 26268136 8 9 theme radio-immunoprecipitation 1149:1173 arg1 extraction 1188:1197 radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer extraction 1149:1197 radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer extraction 1149:1197 The OMC45 polypeptide was solubilized by radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer extraction. 26268136 11 10 theme identical 1357:1365 arg1 blot 1367:1370 An identical blot 1354:1370 An identical blot stained with anti-TEKT3 1354:1394 An identical blot stained with anti-TEKT3 exhibited the presence of TEKT3 polypeptide in the anti-OMC45 pellet. 26268136 13 11 theme OMC45 1625:1629 arg1 glycoprotein 1631:1642 OMC45 glycoprotein 1625:1642 OMC45 glycoprotein 1625:1642 OMC45 glycoprotein possesses both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. 26268136 1 12 theme gametes 183:189 arg1 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 1 12 theme gametes 183:189 arg1 union 158:162 the union 154:162 the union of male and female gametes to create offspring 154:209 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 8 13 theme buffer 1181:1186 arg1 extraction 1188:1197 radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer extraction 1149:1197 radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer extraction 1149:1197 The OMC45 polypeptide was solubilized by radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer extraction. 26268136 0 14 theme acrosomal 117:125 arg1 hydrolases 127:136 acrosomal hydrolases 117:136 acrosomal hydrolases 117:136 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 7 15 theme cauda 1012:1016 arg1 sperm 1018:1022 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm 985:1022 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm 985:1022 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm exhibited intense staining of the acrosomal segment with anti-OMC45 and anti-TEKT3. 26268136 14 16 gly Deglycosylated 1699:1712 arg1 OMC45 1714:1718 Deglycosylated OMC45 1699:1718 Deglycosylated OMC45 1699:1718 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 6 17 theme OMC45 878:882 arg1 analysis 866:873 Proteomic analysis 856:873 Proteomic analysis of OMC45 by MALDI-TOF-TOF 856:899 Proteomic analysis of OMC45 by MALDI-TOF-TOF yielded eight peptides that matched the NCBI database sequence of Tektin 3 (TEKT3). 26268136 9 18 theme immunoprecipitation 1242:1260 arg1 analysis 1262:1269 immunoprecipitation analysis 1242:1269 immunoprecipitation analysis 1242:1269 The solubilized fraction was subjected to immunoprecipitation analysis. 26268136 14 19 from reduction 1743:1751 arg1 comparison 1815:1824 comparison 1815:1824 comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide 1815:1884 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 14 19 from reduction 1743:1751 arg1 acrosin 1761:1767 acrosin 1761:1767 acrosin 1761:1767 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 14 19 from reduction 1743:1751 arg1 binding 1804:1810 N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding 1773:1810 N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding 1773:1810 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 13 20 gly glycoprotein 1631:1642 arg1 glycoprotein 1631:1642 OMC45 glycoprotein 1625:1642 OMC45 glycoprotein 1625:1642 OMC45 glycoprotein possesses both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. 26268136 11 21 from presence 1410:1417 arg1 pellet 1458:1463 the anti-OMC45 pellet 1443:1463 the anti-OMC45 pellet 1443:1463 An identical blot stained with anti-TEKT3 exhibited the presence of TEKT3 polypeptide in the anti-OMC45 pellet. 26268136 12 22 theme sequence 1595:1602 arg1 similarity 1604:1613 a sequence similarity 1593:1613 a sequence similarity to TEKT3 1593:1622 Our immunofluorescence and biochemical studies confirm the proteomics identification of OMC45 polypeptide and that it exhibits a sequence similarity to TEKT3. 26268136 0 23 theme matrix 64:69 arg1 protein 71:77 a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein 39:77 a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein 39:77 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 15 24 theme cell 2056:2059 arg1 subfraction 2061:2071 the particulate cell subfraction 2040:2071 the particulate cell subfraction 2040:2071 OMC45 polypeptide is not released during the acrosome reaction but remains in the particulate cell subfraction, associated with the hybrid membrane complex. 26268136 5 25 theme OMC 851:853 arg1 fraction 839:846 the high-pH insoluble fraction 817:846 the high-pH insoluble fraction of OMC 817:853 We isolated OMC45 polypeptide from the high-pH insoluble fraction of OMC. 26268136 6 26 theme database 946:953 arg1 sequence 955:962 the NCBI database sequence 937:962 the NCBI database sequence of Tektin 3 (TEKT3) 937:982 Proteomic analysis of OMC45 by MALDI-TOF-TOF yielded eight peptides that matched the NCBI database sequence of Tektin 3 (TEKT3). 26268136 2 27 theme complex 417:423 arg1 constituents 354:365 protein constituents 346:365 protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) 346:429 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 0 28 theme interaction 100:110 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 0 28 theme interaction 100:110 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 0 28 theme interaction 100:110 arg1 mechanism 87:95 its mechanism 83:95 its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases 83:136 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 0 29 theme bovine 41:46 arg1 protein 71:77 a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein 39:77 a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein 39:77 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 4 30 theme acrosomal 685:693 arg1 hydrolases 695:704 binding acrosomal hydrolases 677:704 binding acrosomal hydrolases 677:704 The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide, to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases, and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. 26268136 10 31 theme OMC45 1276:1280 arg1 polypeptide 1282:1292 The OMC45 polypeptide 1272:1292 The OMC45 polypeptide 1272:1292 The OMC45 polypeptide was recovered in the anti-OMC45 immunoprecipitation pellet. 26268136 2 32 theme membrane-associated 390:408 arg1 OMC 426:428 OMC 426:428 OMC 426:428 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 2 32 theme membrane-associated 390:408 arg1 complex 417:423 the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex 370:423 the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) 370:429 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 1 33 theme biochemical 270:280 arg1 events 300:305 several biochemical and physiological events 262:305 several biochemical and physiological events 262:305 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 10 34 theme anti-OMC45 1315:1324 arg1 pellet 1346:1351 the anti-OMC45 immunoprecipitation pellet 1311:1351 the anti-OMC45 immunoprecipitation pellet 1311:1351 The OMC45 polypeptide was recovered in the anti-OMC45 immunoprecipitation pellet. 26268136 1 35 theme physiological 286:298 arg1 events 300:305 several biochemical and physiological events 262:305 several biochemical and physiological events 262:305 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 14 36 theme oligosaccharides 1923:1938 arg1 role 1915:1918 the important role 1901:1918 the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding 1901:1959 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 15 37 theme hybrid 2094:2099 arg1 complex 2110:2116 the hybrid membrane complex 2090:2116 the hybrid membrane complex 2090:2116 OMC45 polypeptide is not released during the acrosome reaction but remains in the particulate cell subfraction, associated with the hybrid membrane complex. 26268136 3 38 theme purified 452:459 arg1 fraction 465:472 A highly purified OMC fraction 443:472 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads 443:511 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads comprised 54, 50, 45, and 38-19 kDa polypeptides. 26268136 14 39 theme OMC45 1868:1872 arg1 polypeptide 1874:1884 a native OMC45 polypeptide 1859:1884 a native OMC45 polypeptide 1859:1884 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 3 40 theme cauda 495:499 arg1 heads 507:511 bovine cauda sperm heads 488:511 bovine cauda sperm heads 488:511 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads comprised 54, 50, 45, and 38-19 kDa polypeptides. 26268136 0 41 theme sperm 48:52 arg1 protein 71:77 a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein 39:77 a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein 39:77 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 7 42 with staining 1042:1049 arg1 anti-TEKT3 1096:1105 anti-TEKT3 1096:1105 anti-TEKT3 1096:1105 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm exhibited intense staining of the acrosomal segment with anti-OMC45 and anti-TEKT3. 26268136 7 42 with staining 1042:1049 arg1 anti-OMC45 1081:1090 anti-OMC45 1081:1090 anti-OMC45 1081:1090 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm exhibited intense staining of the acrosomal segment with anti-OMC45 and anti-TEKT3. 26268136 2 43 theme functions 333:341 arg1 understanding 312:324 Our understanding 308:324 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) 308:429 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 4 44 from role 669:672 arg1 hydrolases 695:704 binding acrosomal hydrolases 677:704 binding acrosomal hydrolases 677:704 The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide, to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases, and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. 26268136 4 45 theme polypeptide 740:750 arg1 fate 726:729 the fate 722:729 the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction 722:779 The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide, to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases, and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. 26268136 2 46 theme outer 374:378 arg1 OMC 426:428 OMC 426:428 OMC 426:428 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 2 46 theme outer 374:378 arg1 complex 417:423 the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex 370:423 the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) 370:429 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 1 47 theme intricate 218:226 arg1 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 1 47 theme intricate 218:226 arg1 process 239:245 an intricate biological process 215:245 an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events 215:305 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 6 48 theme Proteomic 856:864 arg1 analysis 866:873 Proteomic analysis 856:873 Proteomic analysis of OMC45 by MALDI-TOF-TOF 856:899 Proteomic analysis of OMC45 by MALDI-TOF-TOF yielded eight peptides that matched the NCBI database sequence of Tektin 3 (TEKT3). 26268136 3 49 attach isolated 474:481 arg2 fraction 465:472 A highly purified OMC fraction 443:472 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads 443:511 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads comprised 54, 50, 45, and 38-19 kDa polypeptides. 26268136 3 49 attach isolated 474:481 arg1 heads 507:511 bovine cauda sperm heads 488:511 bovine cauda sperm heads 488:511 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads comprised 54, 50, 45, and 38-19 kDa polypeptides. 26268136 7 50 theme acrosomal 1058:1066 arg1 segment 1068:1074 the acrosomal segment 1054:1074 the acrosomal segment 1054:1074 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm exhibited intense staining of the acrosomal segment with anti-OMC45 and anti-TEKT3. 26268136 8 51 theme OMC45 1112:1116 arg1 polypeptide 1118:1128 The OMC45 polypeptide 1108:1128 The OMC45 polypeptide 1108:1128 The OMC45 polypeptide was solubilized by radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer extraction. 26268136 11 52 theme TEKT3 1422:1426 arg1 polypeptide 1428:1438 TEKT3 polypeptide 1422:1438 TEKT3 polypeptide 1422:1438 An identical blot stained with anti-TEKT3 exhibited the presence of TEKT3 polypeptide in the anti-OMC45 pellet. 26268136 2 53 theme protein 346:352 arg1 constituents 354:365 protein constituents 346:365 protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) 346:429 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 1 54 theme male 167:170 arg1 gametes 183:189 male and female gametes 167:189 male and female gametes 167:189 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 15 55 theme acrosome 2007:2014 arg1 reaction 2016:2023 the acrosome reaction 2003:2023 the acrosome reaction 2003:2023 OMC45 polypeptide is not released during the acrosome reaction but remains in the particulate cell subfraction, associated with the hybrid membrane complex. 26268136 4 56 theme 45 627:628 arg1 kDa 630:632 kDa 630:632 kDa 630:632 The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide, to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases, and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. 26268136 7 57 theme intense 1034:1040 arg1 staining 1042:1049 intense staining 1034:1049 intense staining of the acrosomal segment with anti-OMC45 and anti-TEKT3 1034:1105 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm exhibited intense staining of the acrosomal segment with anti-OMC45 and anti-TEKT3. 26268136 0 58 with interaction 100:110 arg1 hydrolases 127:136 acrosomal hydrolases 117:136 acrosomal hydrolases 117:136 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 3 59 theme kDa 545:547 arg1 polypeptides 549:560 54, 50, 45, and 38-19 kDa polypeptides 523:560 54, 50, 45, and 38-19 kDa polypeptides 523:560 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads comprised 54, 50, 45, and 38-19 kDa polypeptides. 26268136 1 60 theme female 176:181 arg1 gametes 183:189 male and female gametes 167:189 male and female gametes 167:189 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 9 61 theme solubilized 1204:1214 arg1 fraction 1216:1223 The solubilized fraction 1200:1223 The solubilized fraction 1200:1223 The solubilized fraction was subjected to immunoprecipitation analysis. 26268136 8 62 theme assay 1175:1179 arg1 extraction 1188:1197 radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer extraction 1149:1197 radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer extraction 1149:1197 The OMC45 polypeptide was solubilized by radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer extraction. 26268136 14 63 theme important 1905:1913 arg1 role 1915:1918 the important role 1901:1918 the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding 1901:1959 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 7 64 theme X-100-permeabilized 992:1010 arg1 sperm 1018:1022 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm 985:1022 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm 985:1022 Triton X-100-permeabilized cauda sperm exhibited intense staining of the acrosomal segment with anti-OMC45 and anti-TEKT3. 26268136 14 65 theme NAGA 1798:1801 arg1 binding 1804:1810 N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding 1773:1810 N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding 1773:1810 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 5 66 theme high-pH 821:827 arg1 fraction 839:846 the high-pH insoluble fraction 817:846 the high-pH insoluble fraction of OMC 817:853 We isolated OMC45 polypeptide from the high-pH insoluble fraction of OMC. 26268136 15 67 theme OMC45 1962:1966 arg1 polypeptide 1968:1978 OMC45 polypeptide 1962:1978 OMC45 polypeptide 1962:1978 OMC45 polypeptide is not released during the acrosome reaction but remains in the particulate cell subfraction, associated with the hybrid membrane complex. 26268136 14 68 theme N-acetylglucosaminidase 1773:1795 arg1 binding 1804:1810 N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding 1773:1810 N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding 1773:1810 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 14 69 theme hydrolase 1943:1951 arg1 binding 1953:1959 hydrolase binding 1943:1959 hydrolase binding 1943:1959 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 0 70 theme protein 71:77 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 0 70 theme protein 71:77 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 0 70 theme protein 71:77 arg1 mechanism 87:95 its mechanism 83:95 its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases 83:136 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 5 71 theme insoluble 829:837 arg1 fraction 839:846 the high-pH insoluble fraction 817:846 the high-pH insoluble fraction of OMC 817:853 We isolated OMC45 polypeptide from the high-pH insoluble fraction of OMC. 26268136 6 72 theme Tektin 967:972 arg1 sequence 955:962 the NCBI database sequence 937:962 the NCBI database sequence of Tektin 3 (TEKT3) 937:982 Proteomic analysis of OMC45 by MALDI-TOF-TOF yielded eight peptides that matched the NCBI database sequence of Tektin 3 (TEKT3). 26268136 14 73 theme significant 1731:1741 arg1 reduction 1743:1751 a significant reduction 1729:1751 a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide 1729:1884 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 14 74 with comparison 1815:1824 arg1 NAGA 1843:1846 NAGA 1843:1846 NAGA 1843:1846 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 14 74 with comparison 1815:1824 arg1 acrosin 1831:1837 acrosin 1831:1837 acrosin 1831:1837 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 6 75 theme NCBI 941:944 arg1 sequence 955:962 the NCBI database sequence 937:962 the NCBI database sequence of Tektin 3 (TEKT3) 937:982 Proteomic analysis of OMC45 by MALDI-TOF-TOF yielded eight peptides that matched the NCBI database sequence of Tektin 3 (TEKT3). 26268136 13 76 link O-linked 1672:1679 arg1 oligosaccharides 1681:1696 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 1654:1696 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 1654:1696 OMC45 glycoprotein possesses both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. 26268136 15 77 theme particulate 2044:2054 arg1 subfraction 2061:2071 the particulate cell subfraction 2040:2071 the particulate cell subfraction 2040:2071 OMC45 polypeptide is not released during the acrosome reaction but remains in the particulate cell subfraction, associated with the hybrid membrane complex. 26268136 14 78 theme Deglycosylated 1699:1712 arg1 OMC45 1714:1718 Deglycosylated OMC45 1699:1718 Deglycosylated OMC45 1699:1718 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 13 79 link N-linked 1659:1666 arg1 oligosaccharides 1681:1696 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 1654:1696 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 1654:1696 OMC45 glycoprotein possesses both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. 26268136 11 80 theme anti-OMC45 1447:1456 arg1 pellet 1458:1463 the anti-OMC45 pellet 1443:1463 the anti-OMC45 pellet 1443:1463 An identical blot stained with anti-TEKT3 exhibited the presence of TEKT3 polypeptide in the anti-OMC45 pellet. 26268136 2 81 theme matrix 410:415 arg1 OMC 426:428 OMC 426:428 OMC 426:428 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 2 81 theme matrix 410:415 arg1 complex 417:423 the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex 370:423 the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) 370:429 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 4 82 theme binding 677:683 arg1 hydrolases 695:704 binding acrosomal hydrolases 677:704 binding acrosomal hydrolases 677:704 The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide, to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases, and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. 26268136 10 83 theme immunoprecipitation 1326:1344 arg1 pellet 1346:1351 the anti-OMC45 immunoprecipitation pellet 1311:1351 the anti-OMC45 immunoprecipitation pellet 1311:1351 The OMC45 polypeptide was recovered in the anti-OMC45 immunoprecipitation pellet. 26268136 2 84 theme acrosomal 380:388 arg1 OMC 426:428 OMC 426:428 OMC 426:428 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 2 84 theme acrosomal 380:388 arg1 complex 417:423 the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex 370:423 the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) 370:429 Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. 26268136 13 85 contain possesses 1644:1652 arg1 glycoprotein 1631:1642 OMC45 glycoprotein 1625:1642 OMC45 glycoprotein 1625:1642 OMC45 glycoprotein possesses both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. 26268136 13 85 contain possesses 1644:1652 arg2 oligosaccharides 1681:1696 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 1654:1696 both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides 1654:1696 OMC45 glycoprotein possesses both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. 26268136 15 86 theme membrane 2101:2108 arg1 complex 2110:2116 the hybrid membrane complex 2090:2116 the hybrid membrane complex 2090:2116 OMC45 polypeptide is not released during the acrosome reaction but remains in the particulate cell subfraction, associated with the hybrid membrane complex. 26268136 3 87 theme OMC 461:463 arg1 fraction 465:472 A highly purified OMC fraction 443:472 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads 443:511 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads comprised 54, 50, 45, and 38-19 kDa polypeptides. 26268136 0 88 theme acrosomal 54:62 arg1 protein 71:77 a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein 39:77 a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein 39:77 Identification and characterization of a bovine sperm acrosomal matrix protein and its mechanism of interaction with acrosomal hydrolases. 26268136 14 89 theme native 1861:1866 arg1 polypeptide 1874:1884 a native OMC45 polypeptide 1859:1884 a native OMC45 polypeptide 1859:1884 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 12 90 theme polypeptide 1560:1570 arg1 identification 1536:1549 the proteomics identification 1521:1549 the proteomics identification of OMC45 polypeptide 1521:1570 Our immunofluorescence and biochemical studies confirm the proteomics identification of OMC45 polypeptide and that it exhibits a sequence similarity to TEKT3. 26268136 4 91 theme acrosome 763:770 arg1 reaction 772:779 the acrosome reaction 759:779 the acrosome reaction 759:779 The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide, to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases, and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. 26268136 3 92 theme sperm 501:505 arg1 heads 507:511 bovine cauda sperm heads 488:511 bovine cauda sperm heads 488:511 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads comprised 54, 50, 45, and 38-19 kDa polypeptides. 26268136 4 93 theme study 585:589 arg1 objective 567:575 The objective 563:575 The objective of this study 563:589 The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide, to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases, and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. 26268136 11 94 attach presence 1410:1417 arg2 polypeptide 1428:1438 TEKT3 polypeptide 1422:1438 TEKT3 polypeptide 1422:1438 An identical blot stained with anti-TEKT3 exhibited the presence of TEKT3 polypeptide in the anti-OMC45 pellet. 26268136 11 94 attach presence 1410:1417 arg1 pellet 1458:1463 the anti-OMC45 pellet 1443:1463 the anti-OMC45 pellet 1443:1463 An identical blot stained with anti-TEKT3 exhibited the presence of TEKT3 polypeptide in the anti-OMC45 pellet. 26268136 3 95 theme bovine 488:493 arg1 heads 507:511 bovine cauda sperm heads 488:511 bovine cauda sperm heads 488:511 A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads comprised 54, 50, 45, and 38-19 kDa polypeptides. 26268136 12 96 theme proteomics 1525:1534 arg1 identification 1536:1549 the proteomics identification 1521:1549 the proteomics identification of OMC45 polypeptide 1521:1570 Our immunofluorescence and biochemical studies confirm the proteomics identification of OMC45 polypeptide and that it exhibits a sequence similarity to TEKT3. 26268136 4 97 dep kDa 630:632 arg1 OMC45 635:639 OMC45 635:639 OMC45 635:639 The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide, to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases, and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. 26268136 4 98 theme OMC45 734:738 arg1 polypeptide 740:750 OMC45 polypeptide 734:750 OMC45 polypeptide 734:750 The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the 45 kDa (OMC45) polypeptide, to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases, and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. 26268136 14 99 from role 1915:1918 arg1 binding 1953:1959 hydrolase binding 1943:1959 hydrolase binding 1943:1959 Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. 26268136 1 100 theme biological 228:237 arg1 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization 139:151 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 26268136 1 100 theme biological 228:237 arg1 process 239:245 an intricate biological process 215:245 an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events 215:305 Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. 25310154 6 0 contain has 874:876 arg1 study 868:872 the present study 856:872 the present study 856:872 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 6 0 contain has 874:876 arg2 effect 959:964 its negative regulatory effect 935:964 its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes 935:979 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 6 0 contain has 874:876 arg2 understanding 891:903 enriched our understanding 878:903 enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL 878:929 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 4 1 theme growth 707:712 arg1 inducers 669:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 1 theme growth 707:712 arg1 factor-β 714:721 transforming growth factor-β 694:721 transforming growth factor-β 694:721 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 6 2 theme regulatory 948:957 arg1 effect 959:964 its negative regulatory effect 935:964 its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes 935:979 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 0 3 theme immunocytes 71:81 arg1 immunosuppression 30:46 immunosuppression 30:46 immunosuppression 30:46 Tumor cell lysate induces the immunosuppression and apoptosis of mouse immunocytes. 25310154 0 3 theme immunocytes 71:81 arg1 apoptosis 52:60 apoptosis 52:60 apoptosis 52:60 Tumor cell lysate induces the immunosuppression and apoptosis of mouse immunocytes. 25310154 6 4 theme present 860:866 arg1 study 868:872 the present study 856:872 the present study 856:872 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 6 5 from effect 959:964 arg1 immunocytes 969:979 immunocytes 969:979 immunocytes 969:979 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 4 6 from present 728:734 arg1 TCL 739:741 TCL 739:741 TCL 739:741 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 1 7 theme immunocyte 130:139 arg1 stimulator 141:150 immunocyte stimulator 130:150 immunocyte stimulator 130:150 Although tumor cell lysate (TCL) is a type of immunocyte stimulator, its immunosuppressive function must not be ignored. 25310154 3 8 from percentage 487:496 arg1 splenocytes 529:539 mouse splenocytes 523:539 mouse splenocytes 523:539 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 6 9 theme negative 939:946 arg1 effect 959:964 its negative regulatory effect 935:964 its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes 935:979 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 0 10 dep immunosuppression 30:46 arg1 the 26:28 the 26:28 the 26:28 Tumor cell lysate induces the immunosuppression and apoptosis of mouse immunocytes. 25310154 2 11 theme Lewis 257:261 arg1 cell 275:278 a Lewis lung cancer cell 255:278 a Lewis lung cancer cell 255:278 The present study reported that TCL prepared from a Lewis lung cancer cell was able to induce the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells. 25310154 3 12 theme T 512:512 arg1 cells 514:518 regulatory T cells 501:518 regulatory T cells 501:518 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 4 13 theme present 584:590 arg1 study 592:596 the present study 580:596 the present study 580:596 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 3 14 theme regulatory 501:510 arg1 cells 514:518 regulatory T cells 501:518 regulatory T cells 501:518 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 5 15 theme immunosuppressive 801:817 arg1 cells 819:823 immunosuppressive cells 801:823 immunosuppressive cells 801:823 These components may be associated with the emergence of immunosuppressive cells or splenocyte apoptosis. 25310154 3 16 from apoptosis 469:477 arg1 splenocytes 529:539 mouse splenocytes 523:539 mouse splenocytes 523:539 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 1 17 theme stimulator 141:150 arg1 type 122:125 a type 120:125 a type of immunocyte stimulator 120:150 Although tumor cell lysate (TCL) is a type of immunocyte stimulator, its immunosuppressive function must not be ignored. 25310154 1 17 theme stimulator 141:150 arg1 lysate 104:109 tumor cell lysate 93:109 tumor cell lysate (TCL) 93:115 Although tumor cell lysate (TCL) is a type of immunocyte stimulator, its immunosuppressive function must not be ignored. 25310154 5 18 theme cells 819:823 arg1 emergence 788:796 the emergence 784:796 the emergence of immunosuppressive cells or splenocyte apoptosis 784:847 These components may be associated with the emergence of immunosuppressive cells or splenocyte apoptosis. 25310154 0 19 theme cell 6:9 arg1 lysate 11:16 Tumor cell lysate 0:16 Tumor cell lysate 0:16 Tumor cell lysate induces the immunosuppression and apoptosis of mouse immunocytes. 25310154 4 20 located present 728:734 arg2 hyaluronan 639:648 hyaluronan 639:648 hyaluronan 639:648 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 20 located present 728:734 arg2 ligand 683:688 Fas ligand 679:688 Fas ligand 679:688 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 20 located present 728:734 arg2 inducers 669:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 20 located present 728:734 arg2 factor 631:636 the immunosuppressive factor 609:636 the immunosuppressive factor 609:636 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 20 located present 728:734 arg2 factor-β 714:721 transforming growth factor-β 694:721 transforming growth factor-β 694:721 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 20 located present 728:734 arg2 present 728:734 present 728:734 present 728:734 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 20 located present 728:734 arg1 TCL 739:741 TCL 739:741 TCL 739:741 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 3 21 theme cells 514:518 arg1 percentage 487:496 the percentage 483:496 the percentage of regulatory T cells 483:518 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 3 21 theme cells 514:518 arg1 apoptosis 469:477 cell apoptosis 464:477 cell apoptosis 464:477 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 0 22 theme Tumor 0:4 arg1 lysate 11:16 Tumor cell lysate 0:16 Tumor cell lysate 0:16 Tumor cell lysate induces the immunosuppression and apoptosis of mouse immunocytes. 25310154 6 23 theme TCL 927:929 arg1 composition 912:922 the composition 908:922 the composition of TCL 908:929 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 1 24 theme tumor 93:97 arg1 type 122:125 a type 120:125 a type of immunocyte stimulator 120:150 Although tumor cell lysate (TCL) is a type of immunocyte stimulator, its immunosuppressive function must not be ignored. 25310154 1 24 theme tumor 93:97 arg1 TCL 112:114 TCL 112:114 TCL 112:114 Although tumor cell lysate (TCL) is a type of immunocyte stimulator, its immunosuppressive function must not be ignored. 25310154 1 24 theme tumor 93:97 arg1 lysate 104:109 tumor cell lysate 93:109 tumor cell lysate (TCL) 93:115 Although tumor cell lysate (TCL) is a type of immunocyte stimulator, its immunosuppressive function must not be ignored. 25310154 1 25 theme immunosuppressive 157:173 arg1 function 175:182 its immunosuppressive function 153:182 its immunosuppressive function 153:182 Although tumor cell lysate (TCL) is a type of immunocyte stimulator, its immunosuppressive function must not be ignored. 25310154 2 26 theme cancer 268:273 arg1 cell 275:278 a Lewis lung cancer cell 255:278 a Lewis lung cancer cell 255:278 The present study reported that TCL prepared from a Lewis lung cancer cell was able to induce the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells. 25310154 6 27 theme composition 912:922 arg1 understanding 891:903 enriched our understanding 878:903 enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL 878:929 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 6 27 theme composition 912:922 arg1 effect 959:964 its negative regulatory effect 935:964 its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes 935:979 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 2 28 theme macrophages 336:346 arg1 development 303:313 the development 299:313 the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells 299:383 The present study reported that TCL prepared from a Lewis lung cancer cell was able to induce the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells. 25310154 2 29 theme lung 263:266 arg1 cell 275:278 a Lewis lung cancer cell 255:278 a Lewis lung cancer cell 255:278 The present study reported that TCL prepared from a Lewis lung cancer cell was able to induce the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells. 25310154 2 30 theme cells 379:383 arg1 development 303:313 the development 299:313 the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells 299:383 The present study reported that TCL prepared from a Lewis lung cancer cell was able to induce the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells. 25310154 4 31 attach present 728:734 arg2 hyaluronan 639:648 hyaluronan 639:648 hyaluronan 639:648 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 31 attach present 728:734 arg2 ligand 683:688 Fas ligand 679:688 Fas ligand 679:688 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 31 attach present 728:734 arg2 inducers 669:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 31 attach present 728:734 arg2 factor 631:636 the immunosuppressive factor 609:636 the immunosuppressive factor 609:636 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 31 attach present 728:734 arg2 factor-β 714:721 transforming growth factor-β 694:721 transforming growth factor-β 694:721 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 31 attach present 728:734 arg2 present 728:734 present 728:734 present 728:734 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 31 attach present 728:734 arg1 TCL 739:741 TCL 739:741 TCL 739:741 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 2 32 theme present 209:215 arg1 study 217:221 The present study 205:221 The present study 205:221 The present study reported that TCL prepared from a Lewis lung cancer cell was able to induce the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells. 25310154 5 33 theme splenocyte 828:837 arg1 apoptosis 839:847 splenocyte apoptosis 828:847 splenocyte apoptosis 828:847 These components may be associated with the emergence of immunosuppressive cells or splenocyte apoptosis. 25310154 2 34 theme dendritic 369:377 arg1 cells 379:383 tolerogenic dendritic cells 357:383 tolerogenic dendritic cells 357:383 The present study reported that TCL prepared from a Lewis lung cancer cell was able to induce the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells. 25310154 4 35 theme immunosuppressive 613:629 arg1 factor 631:636 the immunosuppressive factor 609:636 the immunosuppressive factor 609:636 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 35 theme immunosuppressive 613:629 arg1 present 728:734 present 728:734 present 728:734 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 2 36 theme tolerogenic 357:367 arg1 cells 379:383 tolerogenic dendritic cells 357:383 tolerogenic dendritic cells 357:383 The present study reported that TCL prepared from a Lewis lung cancer cell was able to induce the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells. 25310154 5 37 theme apoptosis 839:847 arg1 emergence 788:796 the emergence 784:796 the emergence of immunosuppressive cells or splenocyte apoptosis 784:847 These components may be associated with the emergence of immunosuppressive cells or splenocyte apoptosis. 25310154 3 38 theme mouse 523:527 arg1 splenocytes 529:539 mouse splenocytes 523:539 mouse splenocytes 523:539 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 3 39 theme mouse 441:445 arg1 splenocytes 447:457 mouse splenocytes 441:457 mouse splenocytes 441:457 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 3 40 from expression 419:428 arg1 splenocytes 447:457 mouse splenocytes 441:457 mouse splenocytes 441:457 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 4 41 theme apoptosis 659:667 arg1 inducers 669:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 41 theme apoptosis 659:667 arg1 ligand 683:688 Fas ligand 679:688 Fas ligand 679:688 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 41 theme apoptosis 659:667 arg1 factor-β 714:721 transforming growth factor-β 694:721 transforming growth factor-β 694:721 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 41 theme apoptosis 659:667 arg1 present 728:734 present 728:734 present 728:734 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 6 42 theme enriched 878:885 arg1 understanding 891:903 enriched our understanding 878:903 enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL 878:929 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 3 43 theme CD69 433:436 arg1 expression 419:428 the expression 415:428 the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes 415:457 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 1 44 theme cell 99:102 arg1 type 122:125 a type 120:125 a type of immunocyte stimulator 120:150 Although tumor cell lysate (TCL) is a type of immunocyte stimulator, its immunosuppressive function must not be ignored. 25310154 1 44 theme cell 99:102 arg1 TCL 112:114 TCL 112:114 TCL 112:114 Although tumor cell lysate (TCL) is a type of immunocyte stimulator, its immunosuppressive function must not be ignored. 25310154 1 44 theme cell 99:102 arg1 lysate 104:109 tumor cell lysate 93:109 tumor cell lysate (TCL) 93:115 Although tumor cell lysate (TCL) is a type of immunocyte stimulator, its immunosuppressive function must not be ignored. 25310154 6 45 from understanding 891:903 arg1 immunocytes 969:979 immunocytes 969:979 immunocytes 969:979 Thus, the present study has enriched our understanding of the composition of TCL and its negative regulatory effect on immunocytes. 25310154 4 46 theme transforming 694:705 arg1 inducers 669:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 46 theme transforming 694:705 arg1 factor-β 714:721 transforming growth factor-β 694:721 transforming growth factor-β 694:721 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 47 theme Fas 679:681 arg1 inducers 669:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 47 theme Fas 679:681 arg1 ligand 683:688 Fas ligand 679:688 Fas ligand 679:688 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 0 48 theme mouse 65:69 arg1 immunocytes 71:81 mouse immunocytes 65:81 mouse immunocytes 65:81 Tumor cell lysate induces the immunosuppression and apoptosis of mouse immunocytes. 25310154 3 49 theme cell 464:467 arg1 apoptosis 469:477 cell apoptosis 464:477 cell apoptosis 464:477 In addition, TCL upregulated the expression of CD69 in mouse splenocytes, and cell apoptosis and the percentage of regulatory T cells in mouse splenocytes simultaneously increased. 25310154 4 50 from TCL 739:741 arg1 inducers 669:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 the apoptosis inducers 655:676 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 50 from TCL 739:741 arg1 factor 631:636 the immunosuppressive factor 609:636 the immunosuppressive factor 609:636 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 4 50 from TCL 739:741 arg1 present 728:734 present 728:734 present 728:734 Furthermore, the present study found that the immunosuppressive factor, hyaluronan, and the apoptosis inducers, Fas ligand and transforming growth factor-β, are present in TCL. 25310154 2 51 theme immunosuppressive 318:334 arg1 MΦ 349:350 MΦ 349:350 MΦ 349:350 The present study reported that TCL prepared from a Lewis lung cancer cell was able to induce the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells. 25310154 2 51 theme immunosuppressive 318:334 arg1 macrophages 336:346 immunosuppressive macrophages 318:346 immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) 318:351 The present study reported that TCL prepared from a Lewis lung cancer cell was able to induce the development of immunosuppressive macrophages (MΦ) and tolerogenic dendritic cells. 25431778 0 0 theme migonei 74:80 arg1 surface 53:59 midgut surface 46:59 midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei 46:80 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 11 1 with midgut 1428:1433 arg1 residues 1456:1463 glucose/mannose residues 1440:1463 glucose/mannose residues 1440:1463 The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. 25431778 5 2 theme leguminous 692:701 arg1 seeds 703:707 leguminous seeds 692:707 leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe) 692:729 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 5 2 theme leguminous 692:701 arg1 subtribe 721:728 Diocleinae subtribe 710:728 Diocleinae subtribe 710:728 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 2 3 theme sand 364:367 arg1 gut 373:375 the sand fly gut 360:375 the sand fly gut 360:375 Susceptibility and refractoriness to Leishmania depend on the outcome of multiple interactions that take place within the sand fly gut. 25431778 5 4 theme lectins 670:676 arg1 interaction 649:659 the interaction 645:659 the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut 645:804 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 11 5 theme glucose/mannose 1440:1454 arg1 residues 1456:1463 glucose/mannose residues 1440:1463 glucose/mannose residues 1440:1463 The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. 25431778 4 6 theme gut 525:527 arg1 glycans 546:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 4 6 theme gut 525:527 arg1 ligands 568:574 important ligands 558:574 important ligands 558:574 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 5 7 with interaction 649:659 arg1 glycans 770:776 glycans 770:776 glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut 770:804 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 11 8 attach presence 1401:1408 arg1 midgut 1428:1433 the midgut 1424:1433 the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition 1424:1482 The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. 25431778 11 8 attach presence 1401:1408 arg2 glycans 1413:1419 glycans 1413:1419 glycans 1413:1419 The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. 25431778 11 9 from presence 1401:1408 arg1 midgut 1428:1433 the midgut 1424:1433 the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition 1424:1482 The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. 25431778 7 10 theme violacea 945:952 arg1 lectin 954:959 only Dioclea violacea lectin 932:959 only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) 932:965 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 7 10 theme violacea 945:952 arg1 DVL 962:964 DVL 962:964 DVL 962:964 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 11 11 from midgut 1428:1433 arg1 composition 1472:1482 its composition 1468:1482 its composition 1468:1482 The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. 25431778 9 12 theme DVL 1309:1311 arg1 specificity 1294:1304 the fine specificity 1285:1304 the fine specificity of DVL 1285:1311 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 5 13 theme study 623:627 arg1 purpose 600:606 The purpose 596:606 The purpose of the present study 596:627 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 5 14 theme present 615:621 arg1 study 623:627 the present study 611:627 the present study 611:627 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 12 15 theme migonei 1547:1553 arg1 midgut 1555:1560 migonei midgut 1547:1560 migonei midgut 1547:1560 migonei midgut and Leishmania. 25431778 7 16 theme gladiata 1063:1070 arg1 CGL 1080:1082 CGL 1080:1082 CGL 1080:1082 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 7 16 theme gladiata 1063:1070 arg1 lectin 1072:1077 Canavalia gladiata lectin 1053:1077 Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL) 1053:1083 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 6 17 theme fluorescence 874:885 arg1 assay 887:891 a fluorescence assay 872:891 a fluorescence assay 872:891 To study this interaction the lectins were labeled with FITC and a fluorescence assay was performed. 25431778 7 18 theme only 932:935 arg1 lectin 954:959 only Dioclea violacea lectin 932:959 only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) 932:965 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 7 18 theme only 932:935 arg1 DVL 962:964 DVL 962:964 DVL 962:964 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 9 19 from cause 1276:1280 arg1 surface 1332:1338 the surface 1328:1338 the surface on Lu 1328:1344 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 19 from cause 1276:1280 arg1 Lu 1343:1344 Lu 1343:1344 Lu 1343:1344 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 0 20 from violacea 22:29 arg1 lectin 2:7 A lectin 0:7 A lectin from Dioclea violacea 0:29 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 7 21 theme Dioclea 937:943 arg1 lectin 954:959 only Dioclea violacea lectin 932:959 only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) 932:965 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 7 21 theme Dioclea 937:943 arg1 DVL 962:964 DVL 962:964 DVL 962:964 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 2 22 theme interactions 324:335 arg1 outcome 304:310 the outcome 300:310 the outcome of multiple interactions that take place within the sand fly gut 300:375 Susceptibility and refractoriness to Leishmania depend on the outcome of multiple interactions that take place within the sand fly gut. 25431778 4 23 from ligands 568:574 arg1 attachment 584:593 this attachment 579:593 this attachment 579:593 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 4 24 theme important 558:566 arg1 glycans 546:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 4 24 theme important 558:566 arg1 ligands 568:574 important ligands 558:574 important ligands 558:574 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 5 25 dep Lutzomyia 781:789 arg1 migonei 791:797 migonei 791:797 migonei 791:797 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 2 26 theme multiple 315:322 arg1 interactions 324:335 multiple interactions 315:335 multiple interactions that take place within the sand fly gut 315:375 Susceptibility and refractoriness to Leishmania depend on the outcome of multiple interactions that take place within the sand fly gut. 25431778 5 27 attach isolated 678:685 arg2 lectins 670:676 three lectins 664:676 three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe) 664:729 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 5 27 attach isolated 678:685 arg2 D-glucose 732:740 D-glucose 732:740 D-glucose 732:740 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 5 27 attach isolated 678:685 arg2 D-mannose-binding 746:762 D-mannose-binding 746:762 D-mannose-binding 746:762 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 5 27 attach isolated 678:685 arg1 seeds 703:707 leguminous seeds 692:707 leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe) 692:729 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 5 27 attach isolated 678:685 arg1 subtribe 721:728 Diocleinae subtribe 710:728 Diocleinae subtribe 710:728 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 0 28 theme Dioclea 14:20 arg1 violacea 22:29 Dioclea violacea 14:29 Dioclea violacea 14:29 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 11 29 from findings 1367:1374 arg1 study 1384:1388 this study 1379:1388 this study 1379:1388 The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. 25431778 0 30 theme Cratylia 106:113 arg1 lectin 126:131 Cratylia floribunda lectin 106:131 Cratylia floribunda lectin 106:131 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 0 30 theme Cratylia 106:113 arg1 homologues 94:103 its homologues 90:103 its homologues 90:103 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 9 31 theme spatial 1181:1187 arg1 arrangement 1189:1199 spatial arrangement 1181:1199 spatial arrangement of residues 1181:1211 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 1 32 theme vector-borne 183:194 arg1 disease 196:202 a vector-borne disease 181:202 a vector-borne disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly 181:239 Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly. 25431778 1 32 theme vector-borne 183:194 arg1 Leishmaniasis 164:176 Leishmaniasis 164:176 Leishmaniasis 164:176 Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly. 25431778 3 33 theme Promastigote 378:389 arg1 attachment 391:400 Promastigote attachment 378:400 Promastigote attachment to sand fly midgut epithelium 378:430 Promastigote attachment to sand fly midgut epithelium is essential to avoid being excreted together with the digested blood meal. 25431778 9 34 theme fine 1289:1292 arg1 specificity 1294:1304 the fine specificity 1285:1304 the fine specificity of DVL 1285:1311 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 35 theme arrangement 1189:1199 arg1 Differences 1166:1176 Differences 1166:1176 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues 1166:1211 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 35 theme arrangement 1189:1199 arg1 volume 1217:1222 volume 1217:1222 volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) 1217:1263 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 35 theme arrangement 1189:1199 arg1 cause 1276:1280 the cause 1272:1280 the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans 1272:1323 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 36 from Lu 1343:1344 arg1 Differences 1166:1176 Differences 1166:1176 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues 1166:1211 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 36 from Lu 1343:1344 arg1 volume 1217:1222 volume 1217:1222 volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) 1217:1263 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 36 from Lu 1343:1344 arg1 cause 1276:1280 the cause 1272:1280 the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans 1272:1323 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 7 37 theme Canavalia 1053:1061 arg1 CGL 1080:1082 CGL 1080:1082 CGL 1080:1082 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 7 37 theme Canavalia 1053:1061 arg1 lectin 1072:1077 Canavalia gladiata lectin 1053:1077 Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL) 1053:1083 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 3 38 theme midgut 414:419 arg1 epithelium 421:430 sand fly midgut epithelium 405:430 sand fly midgut epithelium 405:430 Promastigote attachment to sand fly midgut epithelium is essential to avoid being excreted together with the digested blood meal. 25431778 9 39 theme specificity 1294:1304 arg1 Differences 1166:1176 Differences 1166:1176 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues 1166:1211 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 39 theme specificity 1294:1304 arg1 volume 1217:1222 volume 1217:1222 volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) 1217:1263 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 39 theme specificity 1294:1304 arg1 cause 1276:1280 the cause 1272:1280 the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans 1272:1323 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 5 40 theme Diocleinae 710:719 arg1 seeds 703:707 leguminous seeds 692:707 leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe) 692:729 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 5 40 theme Diocleinae 710:719 arg1 subtribe 721:728 Diocleinae subtribe 710:728 Diocleinae subtribe 710:728 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 5 41 theme Lutzomyia 781:789 arg1 midgut 799:804 Lutzomyia migonei midgut 781:804 Lutzomyia migonei midgut 781:804 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 4 42 theme fly 534:536 arg1 glycans 546:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 4 42 theme fly 534:536 arg1 ligands 568:574 important ligands 558:574 important ligands 558:574 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 0 43 theme floribunda 115:124 arg1 lectin 126:131 Cratylia floribunda lectin 106:131 Cratylia floribunda lectin 106:131 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 0 43 theme floribunda 115:124 arg1 homologues 94:103 its homologues 90:103 its homologues 90:103 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 9 44 theme residues 1204:1211 arg1 arrangement 1189:1199 spatial arrangement 1181:1199 spatial arrangement of residues 1181:1211 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 7 45 theme midgut 993:998 arg1 glycans 1000:1006 midgut glycans 993:1006 midgut glycans 993:1006 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 11 46 from interaction 1523:1533 arg1 important 1510:1518 important 1510:1518 important 1510:1518 The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. 25431778 0 47 theme midgut 46:51 arg1 surface 53:59 midgut surface 46:59 midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei 46:80 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 4 48 theme sand 529:532 arg1 glycans 546:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 4 48 theme sand 529:532 arg1 ligands 568:574 important ligands 558:574 important ligands 558:574 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 0 49 theme Canavalia 137:145 arg1 homologues 94:103 its homologues 90:103 its homologues 90:103 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 0 49 theme Canavalia 137:145 arg1 lectin 156:161 Canavalia gladiata lectin 137:161 Canavalia gladiata lectin 137:161 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 3 50 theme blood 496:500 arg1 meal 502:505 the digested blood meal 483:505 the digested blood meal 483:505 Promastigote attachment to sand fly midgut epithelium is essential to avoid being excreted together with the digested blood meal. 25431778 3 51 theme fly 410:412 arg1 epithelium 421:430 sand fly midgut epithelium 405:430 sand fly midgut epithelium 405:430 Promastigote attachment to sand fly midgut epithelium is essential to avoid being excreted together with the digested blood meal. 25431778 7 52 theme floribunda 1025:1034 arg1 CFL 1044:1046 CFL 1044:1046 CFL 1044:1046 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 7 52 theme floribunda 1025:1034 arg1 lectin 1036:1041 Cratylia floribunda lectin 1016:1041 Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) 1016:1047 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 11 53 theme glycans 1413:1419 arg1 presence 1401:1408 the presence 1397:1408 the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition 1397:1482 The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. 25431778 4 54 theme surface 538:544 arg1 glycans 546:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 4 54 theme surface 538:544 arg1 ligands 568:574 important ligands 558:574 important ligands 558:574 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 5 55 from glycans 770:776 arg1 midgut 799:804 Lutzomyia migonei midgut 781:804 Lutzomyia migonei midgut 781:804 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. 25431778 1 56 theme phlebotomine 219:230 arg1 fly 237:239 phlebotomine sand fly 219:239 phlebotomine sand fly 219:239 Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly. 25431778 0 57 theme gladiata 147:154 arg1 homologues 94:103 its homologues 90:103 its homologues 90:103 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 0 57 theme gladiata 147:154 arg1 lectin 156:161 Canavalia gladiata lectin 137:161 Canavalia gladiata lectin 137:161 A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. 25431778 9 58 theme carbohydrate 1227:1238 arg1 CRD 1260:1262 CRD 1260:1262 CRD 1260:1262 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 58 theme carbohydrate 1227:1238 arg1 domain 1252:1257 carbohydrate recognition domain 1227:1257 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) 1227:1263 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 3 59 theme digested 487:494 arg1 meal 502:505 the digested blood meal 483:505 the digested blood meal 483:505 Promastigote attachment to sand fly midgut epithelium is essential to avoid being excreted together with the digested blood meal. 25431778 10 60 dep midgut 1355:1360 arg1 migonei 1347:1353 migonei 1347:1353 migonei 1347:1353 migonei midgut. 25431778 1 61 theme sand 232:235 arg1 fly 237:239 phlebotomine sand fly 219:239 phlebotomine sand fly 219:239 Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly. 25431778 9 62 theme recognition 1240:1250 arg1 CRD 1260:1262 CRD 1260:1262 CRD 1260:1262 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 62 theme recognition 1240:1250 arg1 domain 1252:1257 carbohydrate recognition domain 1227:1257 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) 1227:1263 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 7 63 theme Cratylia 1016:1023 arg1 CFL 1044:1046 CFL 1044:1046 CFL 1044:1046 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 7 63 theme Cratylia 1016:1023 arg1 lectin 1036:1041 Cratylia floribunda lectin 1016:1041 Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) 1016:1047 The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). 25431778 9 64 from surface 1332:1338 arg1 Lu 1343:1344 Lu 1343:1344 Lu 1343:1344 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 3 65 theme sand 405:408 arg1 epithelium 421:430 sand fly midgut epithelium 405:430 sand fly midgut epithelium 405:430 Promastigote attachment to sand fly midgut epithelium is essential to avoid being excreted together with the digested blood meal. 25431778 4 66 theme Promastigote 508:519 arg1 glycans 546:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans 508:552 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 4 66 theme Promastigote 508:519 arg1 ligands 568:574 important ligands 558:574 important ligands 558:574 Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. 25431778 9 67 theme domain 1252:1257 arg1 Differences 1166:1176 Differences 1166:1176 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues 1166:1211 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 67 theme domain 1252:1257 arg1 volume 1217:1222 volume 1217:1222 volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) 1217:1263 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 9 67 theme domain 1252:1257 arg1 cause 1276:1280 the cause 1272:1280 the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans 1272:1323 Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. 25431778 2 68 theme fly 369:371 arg1 gut 373:375 the sand fly gut 360:375 the sand fly gut 360:375 Susceptibility and refractoriness to Leishmania depend on the outcome of multiple interactions that take place within the sand fly gut. 25431778 11 69 from important 1510:1518 arg1 interaction 1523:1533 interaction 1523:1533 interaction between Lu 1523:1544 The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. 25431778 6 70 dep labeled 850:856 arg1 study 810:814 study 810:814 To study this interaction 807:831 To study this interaction the lectins were labeled with FITC and a fluorescence assay was performed. 28377388 4 0 theme vascular 873:880 arg1 function 882:889 vascular function 873:889 vascular function 873:889 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 6 1 from abundance 1377:1385 arg1 taxa 1400:1403 bacterial taxa 1390:1403 bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis 1390:1438 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 6 1 from abundance 1377:1385 arg1 Akkermansia 1351:1361 Akkermansia 1351:1361 Akkermansia 1351:1361 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 9 2 theme diseases 1930:1937 arg1 prevention 1873:1882 the prevention 1869:1882 the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases 1869:1937 If confirmed in humans, prebiotics could be proposed as a novel approach in the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases. 28377388 9 3 from approach 1857:1864 arg1 prevention 1873:1882 the prevention 1869:1882 the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases 1869:1937 If confirmed in humans, prebiotics could be proposed as a novel approach in the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases. 28377388 2 4 theme inulin-type 580:590 arg1 fructans 592:599 inulin-type fructans 580:599 inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation 580:622 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 2 4 theme inulin-type 580:590 arg1 ITFs 602:605 ITFs 602:605 ITFs 602:605 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 1 5 theme diseases 273:280 arg1 marker 248:253 an early key marker 235:253 an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases 235:280 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 1 5 theme diseases 273:280 arg1 dysfunction 222:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 3 6 theme endothelium-dependent 704:724 arg1 relaxation 726:735 endothelium-dependent relaxation 704:735 endothelium-dependent relaxation 704:735 Mesenteric and carotid arteries were isolated to evaluate endothelium-dependent relaxation ex vivo. 28377388 8 7 theme microbiota 1760:1769 arg1 adaptation 1737:1746 a short-term adaptation 1724:1746 a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides 1724:1790 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction, implicating a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides. 28377388 1 8 theme beneficial 177:186 arg1 role 188:191 the beneficial role 173:191 the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction 173:354 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 7 9 theme gene 1466:1469 arg1 expression 1471:1480 gene expression 1466:1480 gene expression 1466:1480 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 8 10 theme key 1775:1777 arg1 peptides 1783:1790 key gut peptides 1775:1790 key gut peptides 1775:1790 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction, implicating a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides. 28377388 8 11 dep CONCLUSIONS 1624:1634 arg1 demonstrate 1639:1649 demonstrate 1639:1649 demonstrate 1639:1649 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction, implicating a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides. 28377388 8 12 theme peptides 1783:1790 arg1 adaptation 1737:1746 a short-term adaptation 1724:1746 a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides 1724:1790 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction, implicating a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides. 28377388 6 13 theme microbiota 1227:1236 arg1 changes 1238:1244 Gut microbiota changes 1223:1244 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment 1223:1275 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 4 14 dep gut 928:930 arg1 expression 951:960 key gene expression 942:960 key gene expression 942:960 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 5 15 theme endothelial 1069:1079 arg1 dysfunction 1081:1091 endothelial dysfunction 1069:1091 endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice 1069:1160 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 4 16 theme bile 902:905 arg1 acid 907:910 bile acid 902:910 bile acid (BA) profiling 902:925 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 4 16 theme bile 902:905 arg1 BA 913:914 BA 913:914 BA 913:914 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 1 17 from prebiotics 196:205 arg1 marker 248:253 an early key marker 235:253 an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases 235:280 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 1 17 from prebiotics 196:205 arg1 dysfunction 222:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 6 18 theme NO-producing 1298:1309 arg1 bacteria 1311:1318 increased NO-producing bacteria 1288:1318 increased NO-producing bacteria 1288:1318 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 5 19 theme ITF 1032:1034 arg1 supplementation 1036:1050 RESULTS ITF supplementation 1024:1050 RESULTS ITF supplementation 1024:1050 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 1 20 from role 188:191 arg1 model 304:308 an original mouse model 286:308 an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction 286:354 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 1 20 from role 188:191 arg1 marker 248:253 an early key marker 235:253 an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases 235:280 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 1 20 from role 188:191 arg1 dysfunction 222:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 2 21 theme n-3 499:501 arg1 diet 546:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet 496:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 496:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 0 22 theme preclinical 56:66 arg1 demonstration 68:80 preclinical demonstration 56:80 preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction 56:145 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 7 23 from Changes 1441:1447 arg1 liver 1460:1464 liver 1460:1464 liver 1460:1464 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 7 23 from Changes 1441:1447 arg1 gut 1452:1454 gut 1452:1454 gut 1452:1454 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 7 24 theme preservation 1610:1621 arg1 drivers 1578:1584 drivers 1578:1584 drivers of endothelium function preservation 1578:1621 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 7 24 theme preservation 1610:1621 arg1 production 1548:1557 increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production 1514:1557 increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production 1514:1557 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 7 24 theme preservation 1610:1621 arg1 turnover 1566:1573 BA turnover 1563:1573 BA turnover 1563:1573 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 4 25 theme nitric 963:968 arg1 oxide 970:974 nitric oxide 963:974 nitric oxide 963:974 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 6 26 theme bacterial 1390:1398 arg1 taxa 1400:1403 bacterial taxa 1390:1403 bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis 1390:1438 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 7 27 theme endothelium 1589:1599 arg1 preservation 1610:1621 endothelium function preservation 1589:1621 endothelium function preservation 1589:1621 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 0 28 theme dysfunction 135:145 arg1 management 109:118 the management 105:118 the management of endothelial dysfunction 105:145 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 4 29 theme Illumina 777:784 arg1 Sequencing 786:795 Illumina Sequencing 777:795 Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene 777:816 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 0 30 theme novel 87:91 arg1 approach 93:100 a novel approach 85:100 a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction 85:145 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 2 31 theme fatty 519:523 arg1 diet 546:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet 496:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 496:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 2 32 theme gut 400:402 arg1 microbiota 404:413 the gut microbiota 396:413 the gut microbiota 396:413 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 5 33 theme synthase/NO 1202:1212 arg1 pathway 1214:1220 the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway 1180:1220 the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway 1180:1220 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 2 34 theme E 466:466 arg1 mice 487:490 apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice 451:490 apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 451:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 1 35 theme original 289:296 arg1 model 304:308 an original mouse model 286:308 an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction 286:354 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 4 36 theme Caecal 746:751 arg1 composition 764:774 Caecal microbiota composition 746:774 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) 746:817 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 0 37 theme gut 14:16 arg1 microbiota 18:27 the gut microbiota 10:27 the gut microbiota 10:27 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 5 38 theme nitric 1184:1189 arg1 NO 1198:1199 NO 1198:1199 NO 1198:1199 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 5 38 theme nitric 1184:1189 arg1 oxide 1191:1195 nitric oxide 1184:1195 the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway 1180:1220 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 7 39 theme BA 1563:1564 arg1 drivers 1578:1584 drivers 1578:1584 drivers of endothelium function preservation 1578:1621 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 7 39 theme BA 1563:1564 arg1 production 1548:1557 increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production 1514:1557 increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production 1514:1557 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 7 39 theme BA 1563:1564 arg1 turnover 1566:1573 BA turnover 1563:1573 BA turnover 1563:1573 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 9 40 theme novel 1851:1855 arg1 approach 1857:1864 a novel approach 1849:1864 a novel approach in the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases 1849:1937 If confirmed in humans, prebiotics could be proposed as a novel approach in the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases. 28377388 9 40 theme novel 1851:1855 arg1 prebiotics 1817:1826 prebiotics 1817:1826 prebiotics 1817:1826 If confirmed in humans, prebiotics could be proposed as a novel approach in the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases. 28377388 5 41 theme Apoe-/- 1149:1155 arg1 mice 1157:1160 n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice 1131:1160 n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice 1131:1160 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 1 42 theme mouse 298:302 arg1 model 304:308 an original mouse model 286:308 an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction 286:354 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 4 43 theme pathways/mediators 827:844 arg1 production 993:1002 key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production 823:1002 key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production 823:1002 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 6 44 theme secondary 1417:1425 arg1 synthesis 1430:1438 secondary BA synthesis 1417:1438 secondary BA synthesis 1417:1438 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 6 45 from replenishment 1321:1333 arg1 taxa 1400:1403 bacterial taxa 1390:1403 bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis 1390:1438 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 6 45 from replenishment 1321:1333 arg1 Akkermansia 1351:1361 Akkermansia 1351:1361 Akkermansia 1351:1361 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 7 46 theme peptide 1538:1544 arg1 drivers 1578:1584 drivers 1578:1584 drivers of endothelium function preservation 1578:1621 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 7 46 theme peptide 1538:1544 arg1 production 1548:1557 increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production 1514:1557 increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production 1514:1557 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 7 46 theme peptide 1538:1544 arg1 turnover 1566:1573 BA turnover 1563:1573 BA turnover 1563:1573 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 4 47 theme 16S 804:806 arg1 gene 813:816 the 16S rRNA gene 800:816 the 16S rRNA gene 800:816 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 5 48 theme pathway 1214:1220 arg1 activation 1166:1175 activation 1166:1175 activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway 1166:1220 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 7 49 theme increased 1514:1522 arg1 drivers 1578:1584 drivers 1578:1584 drivers of endothelium function preservation 1578:1621 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 7 49 theme increased 1514:1522 arg1 production 1548:1557 increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production 1514:1557 increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production 1514:1557 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 7 49 theme increased 1514:1522 arg1 turnover 1566:1573 BA turnover 1563:1573 BA turnover 1563:1573 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 9 50 theme metabolic 1887:1895 arg1 diseases 1930:1937 metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases 1887:1937 metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases 1887:1937 If confirmed in humans, prebiotics could be proposed as a novel approach in the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases. 28377388 4 51 theme gene 813:816 arg1 Sequencing 786:795 Illumina Sequencing 777:795 Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene 777:816 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 1 52 theme early 238:242 arg1 marker 248:253 an early key marker 235:253 an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases 235:280 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 1 52 theme early 238:242 arg1 dysfunction 222:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 0 53 dep Targeting 0:8 arg1 demonstration 68:80 preclinical demonstration 56:80 preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction 56:145 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 9 54 theme cardiovascular 1915:1928 arg1 diseases 1930:1937 metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases 1887:1937 metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases 1887:1937 If confirmed in humans, prebiotics could be proposed as a novel approach in the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases. 28377388 0 55 from management 109:118 arg1 demonstration 68:80 preclinical demonstration 56:80 preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction 56:145 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 6 56 theme increased 1288:1296 arg1 bacteria 1311:1318 increased NO-producing bacteria 1288:1318 increased NO-producing bacteria 1288:1318 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 2 57 theme fructans 592:599 arg1 supplementation 608:622 inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation 580:622 inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation 580:622 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 8 58 theme first 1659:1663 arg1 time 1665:1668 the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction 1655:1709 the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction 1655:1709 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction, implicating a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides. 28377388 8 59 theme short-term 1726:1735 arg1 adaptation 1737:1746 a short-term adaptation 1724:1746 a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides 1724:1790 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction, implicating a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides. 28377388 1 60 theme cardiovascular 258:271 arg1 diseases 273:280 cardiovascular diseases 258:280 cardiovascular diseases 258:280 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 4 61 theme function 882:889 arg1 control 862:868 the control 858:868 the control of vascular function 858:889 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 6 62 theme prebiotic 1257:1265 arg1 treatment 1267:1275 prebiotic treatment 1257:1275 prebiotic treatment 1257:1275 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 4 63 theme gut 980:982 arg1 hormones 984:991 gut hormones 980:991 gut hormones 980:991 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 0 64 theme endothelial 123:133 arg1 dysfunction 135:145 endothelial dysfunction 123:145 endothelial dysfunction 123:145 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 8 65 theme gut 1756:1758 arg1 microbiota 1760:1769 gut microbiota 1756:1769 gut microbiota 1756:1769 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction, implicating a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides. 28377388 2 66 located observed 439:446 arg2 dysfunction 427:437 vascular dysfunction 418:437 vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 418:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 2 66 located observed 439:446 arg1 mice 487:490 apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice 451:490 apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 451:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 1 67 theme prebiotics 196:205 arg1 role 188:191 the beneficial role 173:191 the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction 173:354 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 2 68 theme -depleted 536:544 arg1 diet 546:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet 496:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 496:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 6 69 from bacteria 1311:1318 arg1 taxa 1400:1403 bacterial taxa 1390:1403 bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis 1390:1438 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 6 69 from bacteria 1311:1318 arg1 Akkermansia 1351:1361 Akkermansia 1351:1361 Akkermansia 1351:1361 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 6 70 theme abundance 1338:1346 arg1 abundance 1377:1385 decreased abundance 1367:1385 decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis 1367:1438 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 6 70 theme abundance 1338:1346 arg1 replenishment 1321:1333 replenishment 1321:1333 replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia 1321:1361 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 6 70 theme abundance 1338:1346 arg1 bacteria 1311:1318 increased NO-producing bacteria 1288:1318 increased NO-producing bacteria 1288:1318 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 8 71 theme gut 1779:1781 arg1 peptides 1783:1790 key gut peptides 1775:1790 key gut peptides 1775:1790 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction, implicating a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides. 28377388 1 72 theme endothelial 210:220 arg1 marker 248:253 an early key marker 235:253 an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases 235:280 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 1 72 theme endothelial 210:220 arg1 dysfunction 222:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 2 73 theme PUFA 531:534 arg1 diet 546:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet 496:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 496:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 0 74 from demonstration 68:80 arg1 management 109:118 the management 105:118 the management of endothelial dysfunction 105:145 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 6 75 theme Gut 1223:1225 arg1 changes 1238:1244 Gut microbiota changes 1223:1244 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment 1223:1275 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 1 76 from dysfunction 222:232 arg1 role 188:191 the beneficial role 173:191 the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction 173:354 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 4 77 dep composition 764:774 arg1 Sequencing 786:795 Illumina Sequencing 777:795 Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene 777:816 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 5 78 theme RESULTS 1024:1030 arg1 supplementation 1036:1050 RESULTS ITF supplementation 1024:1050 RESULTS ITF supplementation 1024:1050 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 7 79 dep gut 1452:1454 arg1 expression 1471:1480 gene expression 1466:1480 gene expression 1466:1480 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 4 80 theme acid 907:910 arg1 profiling 917:925 bile acid (BA) profiling 902:925 bile acid (BA) profiling 902:925 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 0 81 from approach 93:100 arg1 management 109:118 the management 105:118 the management of endothelial dysfunction 105:145 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 7 82 theme function 1601:1608 arg1 preservation 1610:1621 endothelium function preservation 1589:1621 endothelium function preservation 1589:1621 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 4 83 theme gene 946:949 arg1 expression 951:960 key gene expression 942:960 key gene expression 942:960 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 5 84 from dysfunction 1081:1091 arg1 arteries 1119:1126 mesenteric and carotid arteries 1096:1126 arteries 1119:1126 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 1 85 theme endothelial 332:342 arg1 dysfunction 344:354 endothelial dysfunction 332:354 endothelial dysfunction 332:354 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 0 86 theme approach 93:100 arg1 demonstration 68:80 preclinical demonstration 56:80 preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction 56:145 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 5 87 theme PUFA-depleted 1135:1147 arg1 mice 1157:1160 n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice 1131:1160 n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice 1131:1160 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 2 88 theme acid 525:528 arg1 diet 546:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet 496:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 496:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 2 89 theme last 632:635 arg1 15 days 637:643 the last 15 days 628:643 the last 15 days 628:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 2 90 dep DESIGN 357:362 arg1 examined 367:374 examined 367:374 examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 367:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 6 91 theme decreased 1367:1375 arg1 abundance 1377:1385 decreased abundance 1367:1385 decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis 1367:1438 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 5 92 theme mesenteric 1096:1105 arg1 arteries 1119:1126 mesenteric and carotid arteries 1096:1126 arteries 1119:1126 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 2 93 theme polyunsaturated 503:517 arg1 diet 546:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet 496:549 an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 496:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 4 94 theme key 942:944 arg1 expression 951:960 key gene expression 942:960 key gene expression 942:960 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 5 95 theme carotid 1111:1117 arg1 arteries 1119:1126 mesenteric and carotid arteries 1096:1126 arteries 1119:1126 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 2 96 theme apolipoprotein 451:464 arg1 E 466:466 apolipoprotein E 451:466 apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 451:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 4 97 theme microbiota 753:762 arg1 composition 764:774 Caecal microbiota composition 746:774 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) 746:817 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 2 98 theme vascular 418:425 arg1 dysfunction 427:437 vascular dysfunction 418:437 vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 418:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 0 99 theme inulin-type 34:44 arg1 fructans 46:53 inulin-type fructans 34:53 inulin-type fructans 34:53 Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 5 100 theme oxide 1191:1195 arg1 pathway 1214:1220 the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway 1180:1220 the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway 1180:1220 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 2 101 theme Apoe-/- 478:484 arg1 mice 487:490 apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice 451:490 apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 451:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 2 102 theme microbiota 404:413 arg1 contribution 380:391 the contribution 376:391 the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 376:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 6 103 theme BA 1427:1428 arg1 synthesis 1430:1438 secondary BA synthesis 1417:1438 secondary BA synthesis 1417:1438 Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary BA synthesis. 28377388 5 104 theme mice 1157:1160 arg1 arteries 1119:1126 mesenteric and carotid arteries 1096:1126 arteries 1119:1126 RESULTS ITF supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. 28377388 2 105 theme knockout 468:475 arg1 mice 487:490 apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice 451:490 apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days 451:643 DESIGN We examined the contribution of the gut microbiota to vascular dysfunction observed in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-depleted diet for 12 weeks with or without inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation for the last 15 days. 28377388 3 106 theme carotid 661:667 arg1 arteries 669:676 Mesenteric and carotid arteries 646:676 arteries 669:676 Mesenteric and carotid arteries were isolated to evaluate endothelium-dependent relaxation ex vivo. 28377388 4 107 theme key 823:825 arg1 gut 928:930 gut 928:930 gut 928:930 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 4 107 theme key 823:825 arg1 hormones 984:991 gut hormones 980:991 gut hormones 980:991 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 4 107 theme key 823:825 arg1 profiling 917:925 bile acid (BA) profiling 902:925 bile acid (BA) profiling 902:925 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 4 107 theme key 823:825 arg1 oxide 970:974 nitric oxide 963:974 nitric oxide 963:974 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 4 107 theme key 823:825 arg1 pathways/mediators 827:844 key pathways/mediators 823:844 key pathways/mediators 823:844 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 8 108 theme endothelial 1687:1697 arg1 dysfunction 1699:1709 endothelial dysfunction 1687:1709 endothelial dysfunction 1687:1709 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that ITF improve endothelial dysfunction, implicating a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides. 28377388 3 109 theme Mesenteric 646:655 arg1 arteries 669:676 Mesenteric and carotid arteries 646:676 arteries 669:676 Mesenteric and carotid arteries were isolated to evaluate endothelium-dependent relaxation ex vivo. 28377388 7 110 theme glucagon-like 1524:1536 arg1 peptide 1538:1544 glucagon-like peptide 1 1524:1546 increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production 1514:1557 Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as drivers of endothelium function preservation. 28377388 9 111 theme disorders-related 1897:1913 arg1 diseases 1930:1937 metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases 1887:1937 metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases 1887:1937 If confirmed in humans, prebiotics could be proposed as a novel approach in the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases. 28377388 4 112 theme rRNA 808:811 arg1 gene 813:816 the 16S rRNA gene 800:816 the 16S rRNA gene 800:816 Caecal microbiota composition (Illumina Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and key pathways/mediators involved in the control of vascular function, including bile acid (BA) profiling, gut and liver key gene expression, nitric oxide and gut hormones production were also assessed. 28377388 1 113 theme key 244:246 arg1 marker 248:253 an early key marker 235:253 an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases 235:280 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 28377388 1 113 theme key 244:246 arg1 dysfunction 222:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 endothelial dysfunction 210:232 OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial role of prebiotics on endothelial dysfunction, an early key marker of cardiovascular diseases, in an original mouse model linking steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. 26249590 0 0 theme film 94:97 arg1 biopolymers 99:109 film biopolymers 94:109 film biopolymers 94:109 VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties. 26249590 7 1 theme constituent 1079:1089 arg1 components 1091:1100 the major constituent components 1069:1100 the major constituent components 1069:1100 Results show that spectral information is influenced by the major constituent components, as they are clustered according to polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate content. 26249590 4 2 theme stearate 785:792 arg1 combinations 693:704 different combinations 683:704 different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid 683:809 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 1 3 theme biodegradable 258:270 arg1 films 272:276 biodegradable films 258:276 biodegradable films 258:276 There is an increasing interest in the use of polysaccharides and proteins for the production of biodegradable films. 26249590 8 4 theme properties 1270:1279 arg1 predictor 1249:1257 predictor 1249:1257 predictor of tensile properties 1249:1279 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 6 5 theme least 893:897 arg1 regression 906:915 Partial least square regression 885:915 Partial least square regression 885:915 Partial least square regression was used to investigate the correlation between spectral information and mechanical properties. 26249590 2 6 theme objective 362:370 arg1 analyses 372:379 objective analyses 362:379 objective analyses of biological sample attributes 362:411 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 1 7 theme films 272:276 arg1 production 244:253 the production 240:253 the production of biodegradable films 240:276 There is an increasing interest in the use of polysaccharides and proteins for the production of biodegradable films. 26249590 6 8 theme mechanical 990:999 arg1 properties 1001:1010 mechanical properties 990:1010 mechanical properties 990:1010 Partial least square regression was used to investigate the correlation between spectral information and mechanical properties. 26249590 3 9 theme biodegradable 557:569 arg1 materials 571:579 biodegradable materials 557:579 biodegradable materials 557:579 The objective is to investigate the potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties. 26249590 2 10 theme VIS-NIR 306:312 arg1 tool 353:356 a reliable analytical tool 331:356 a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes 331:411 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 2 10 theme VIS-NIR 306:312 arg1 spectroscopy 315:326 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy 279:326 spectroscopy 315:326 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 8 11 dep C 1349:1349 arg1 2 1347:1347 2 1347:1347 2 1347:1347 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 4 12 theme single-screw 655:666 arg1 extrusion 668:676 single-screw extrusion 655:676 single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid 655:809 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 0 13 theme biopolymers 99:109 arg1 correlation 115:125 correlation 115:125 correlation with their mechanical properties 115:158 VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties. 26249590 0 13 theme biopolymers 99:109 arg1 characterization 74:89 compositional characterization 60:89 compositional characterization of film biopolymers 60:109 VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties. 26249590 0 14 with characterization 74:89 arg1 properties 149:158 their mechanical properties 132:158 their mechanical properties 132:158 VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties. 26249590 4 15 theme acid 806:809 arg1 combinations 693:704 different combinations 683:704 different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid 683:809 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 4 16 theme citric 799:804 arg1 acid 806:809 citric acid 799:809 citric acid 799:809 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 4 17 theme magnesium 775:783 arg1 stearate 785:792 magnesium stearate 775:792 magnesium stearate 775:792 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 9 18 theme analytical 1596:1605 arg1 technology 1607:1616 a rapid analytical technology 1588:1616 a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films 1588:1689 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 9 18 theme analytical 1596:1605 arg1 potential 1575:1583 potential 1575:1583 potential 1575:1583 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 3 19 theme process 489:495 arg1 technology 508:517 a process analytical technology 487:517 a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties 487:626 The objective is to investigate the potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties. 26249590 2 20 theme near-infrared 291:303 arg1 tool 353:356 a reliable analytical tool 331:356 a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes 331:411 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 2 20 theme near-infrared 291:303 arg1 spectroscopy 315:326 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy 279:326 spectroscopy 315:326 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 8 21 theme 0.83 1355:1358 arg1 prediction 1333:1342 prediction 1333:1342 prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively 1333:1462 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 8 21 theme 0.83 1355:1358 arg1 C 1349:1349 R(2)C 1345:1349 R(2)C 1345:1349 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 4 22 theme oat 754:756 arg1 flour 758:762 whole oat flour 748:762 whole oat flour 748:762 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 9 23 theme spectra 1508:1514 arg1 correlation 1489:1499 the correlation 1485:1499 the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties 1485:1538 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 5 24 from intervals 874:882 arg1 range 847:851 the range 843:851 the range of 400-2498nm at 2nm intervals 843:882 Spectral data were recorded in the range of 400-2498nm at 2nm intervals. 26249590 9 25 contain has 1571:1573 arg2 technology 1607:1616 a rapid analytical technology 1588:1616 a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films 1588:1689 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 9 25 contain has 1571:1573 arg2 potential 1575:1583 potential 1575:1583 potential 1575:1583 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 9 25 contain has 1571:1573 arg1 spectroscopy 1558:1569 NIR spectroscopy 1554:1569 NIR spectroscopy 1554:1569 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 7 26 theme spectral 1031:1038 arg1 information 1040:1050 spectral information 1031:1050 spectral information 1031:1050 Results show that spectral information is influenced by the major constituent components, as they are clustered according to polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate content. 26249590 3 27 theme VIS-NIR 463:469 arg1 spectroscopy 471:482 VIS-NIR spectroscopy 463:482 VIS-NIR spectroscopy 463:482 The objective is to investigate the potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties. 26249590 0 28 with correlation 115:125 arg1 properties 149:158 their mechanical properties 132:158 their mechanical properties 132:158 VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties. 26249590 9 29 theme mechanical 1656:1665 arg1 properties 1667:1676 the mechanical properties 1652:1676 the mechanical properties of the films 1652:1689 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 8 30 theme spectral 1225:1232 arg1 information 1234:1244 the spectral information 1221:1244 the spectral information 1221:1244 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 2 31 theme attributes 402:411 arg1 analyses 372:379 objective analyses 362:379 objective analyses of biological sample attributes 362:411 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 6 32 theme Partial 885:891 arg1 regression 906:915 Partial least square regression 885:915 Partial least square regression 885:915 Partial least square regression was used to investigate the correlation between spectral information and mechanical properties. 26249590 6 33 theme square 899:904 arg1 regression 906:915 Partial least square regression 885:915 Partial least square regression 885:915 Partial least square regression was used to investigate the correlation between spectral information and mechanical properties. 26249590 9 34 theme NIR 1504:1506 arg1 spectra 1508:1514 NIR spectra 1504:1514 NIR spectra 1504:1514 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 9 35 theme properties 1667:1676 arg1 assessment 1638:1647 non-destructive assessment 1622:1647 non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films 1622:1689 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 8 36 theme Young 1434:1438 arg1 modulus 1442:1448 Young's modulus 1434:1448 Young's modulus 1434:1448 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 2 37 theme sample 395:400 arg1 attributes 402:411 biological sample attributes 384:411 biological sample attributes 384:411 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 0 38 theme mechanical 138:147 arg1 properties 149:158 their mechanical properties 132:158 their mechanical properties 132:158 VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties. 26249590 3 39 theme mechanical 606:615 arg1 properties 617:626 their mechanical properties 600:626 their mechanical properties 600:626 The objective is to investigate the potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties. 26249590 4 40 theme polybutylene 709:720 arg1 adipate-co-terephthalate 722:745 polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate 709:745 polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate 709:745 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 6 41 used used 921:924 arg2 regression 906:915 Partial least square regression 885:915 Partial least square regression 885:915 Partial least square regression was used to investigate the correlation between spectral information and mechanical properties. 26249590 8 42 theme regression 1197:1206 arg1 models 1208:1213 regression models 1197:1213 regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties 1197:1279 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 1 43 theme increasing 173:182 arg1 interest 184:191 an increasing interest 170:191 an increasing interest in the use of polysaccharides and proteins for the production of biodegradable films 170:276 There is an increasing interest in the use of polysaccharides and proteins for the production of biodegradable films. 26249590 1 44 theme polysaccharides 207:221 arg1 use 200:202 the use 196:202 the use of polysaccharides and proteins for the production of biodegradable films 196:276 There is an increasing interest in the use of polysaccharides and proteins for the production of biodegradable films. 26249590 0 45 theme analytical 34:43 arg1 technology 45:54 a process analytical technology 24:54 a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties 24:158 VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties. 26249590 9 46 theme NIR 1554:1556 arg1 spectroscopy 1558:1569 NIR spectroscopy 1554:1569 NIR spectroscopy 1554:1569 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 9 47 theme films 1685:1689 arg1 properties 1667:1676 the mechanical properties 1652:1676 the mechanical properties of the films 1652:1689 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 4 48 theme flour 758:762 arg1 combinations 693:704 different combinations 683:704 different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid 683:809 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 3 49 theme spectroscopy 471:482 arg1 potential 450:458 the potential 446:458 the potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties 446:626 The objective is to investigate the potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties. 26249590 0 50 theme process 26:32 arg1 technology 45:54 a process analytical technology 24:54 a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties 24:158 VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties. 26249590 5 51 theme 400-2498nm 856:865 arg1 range 847:851 the range 843:851 the range of 400-2498nm at 2nm intervals 843:882 Spectral data were recorded in the range of 400-2498nm at 2nm intervals. 26249590 5 52 theme Spectral 812:819 arg1 data 821:824 Spectral data 812:824 Spectral data 812:824 Spectral data were recorded in the range of 400-2498nm at 2nm intervals. 26249590 1 53 theme proteins 227:234 arg1 use 200:202 the use 196:202 the use of polysaccharides and proteins for the production of biodegradable films 196:276 There is an increasing interest in the use of polysaccharides and proteins for the production of biodegradable films. 26249590 9 54 theme tensile 1521:1527 arg1 properties 1529:1538 tensile properties 1521:1538 tensile properties 1521:1538 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 7 55 theme polybutylene 1138:1149 arg1 content 1176:1182 polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate content 1138:1182 polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate content 1138:1182 Results show that spectral information is influenced by the major constituent components, as they are clustered according to polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate content. 26249590 6 56 theme spectral 965:972 arg1 information 974:984 spectral information 965:984 spectral information 965:984 Partial least square regression was used to investigate the correlation between spectral information and mechanical properties. 26249590 8 57 theme calibration 1376:1386 arg1 models 1388:1393 calibration models 1376:1393 calibration models 1376:1393 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 8 57 theme calibration 1376:1386 arg1 0.88 1361:1364 0.88 1361:1364 0.88 1361:1364 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 5 58 theme 2nm 870:872 arg1 intervals 874:882 2nm intervals 870:882 2nm intervals 870:882 Spectral data were recorded in the range of 400-2498nm at 2nm intervals. 26249590 7 59 theme adipate-co-terephthalate 1151:1174 arg1 content 1176:1182 polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate content 1138:1182 polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate content 1138:1182 Results show that spectral information is influenced by the major constituent components, as they are clustered according to polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate content. 26249590 4 60 with extrusion 668:676 arg1 combinations 693:704 different combinations 683:704 different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid 683:809 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 8 61 theme R 1345:1345 arg1 prediction 1333:1342 prediction 1333:1342 prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively 1333:1462 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 8 61 theme R 1345:1345 arg1 C 1349:1349 R(2)C 1345:1349 R(2)C 1345:1349 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 3 62 theme compositional 523:535 arg1 characterization 537:552 compositional characterization 523:552 compositional characterization of biodegradable materials 523:579 The objective is to investigate the potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties. 26249590 8 63 theme satisfactory 1290:1301 arg1 results 1303:1309 satisfactory results 1290:1309 satisfactory results 1290:1309 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 2 64 theme Visible 279:285 arg1 tool 353:356 a reliable analytical tool 331:356 a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes 331:411 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 2 64 theme Visible 279:285 arg1 spectroscopy 315:326 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy 279:326 spectroscopy 315:326 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 4 65 theme glycerol 765:772 arg1 combinations 693:704 different combinations 683:704 different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid 683:809 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 2 66 theme analytical 342:351 arg1 tool 353:356 a reliable analytical tool 331:356 a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes 331:411 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 2 66 theme analytical 342:351 arg1 spectroscopy 315:326 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy 279:326 spectroscopy 315:326 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 7 67 theme major 1073:1077 arg1 components 1091:1100 the major constituent components 1069:1100 the major constituent components 1069:1100 Results show that spectral information is influenced by the major constituent components, as they are clustered according to polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate content. 26249590 9 68 theme non-destructive 1622:1636 arg1 assessment 1638:1647 non-destructive assessment 1622:1647 non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films 1622:1689 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 2 69 theme reliable 333:340 arg1 tool 353:356 a reliable analytical tool 331:356 a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes 331:411 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 2 69 theme reliable 333:340 arg1 spectroscopy 315:326 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy 279:326 spectroscopy 315:326 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 8 70 theme tensile 1412:1418 arg1 strength 1420:1427 tensile strength 1412:1427 tensile strength 1412:1427 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 3 71 theme analytical 497:506 arg1 technology 508:517 a process analytical technology 487:517 a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties 487:626 The objective is to investigate the potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties. 26249590 8 72 theme tensile 1262:1268 arg1 properties 1270:1279 tensile properties 1262:1279 tensile properties 1262:1279 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 4 73 theme adipate-co-terephthalate 722:745 arg1 combinations 693:704 different combinations 683:704 different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid 683:809 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 9 74 theme rapid 1590:1594 arg1 technology 1607:1616 a rapid analytical technology 1588:1616 a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films 1588:1689 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 9 74 theme rapid 1590:1594 arg1 potential 1575:1583 potential 1575:1583 potential 1575:1583 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 2 75 theme biological 384:393 arg1 attributes 402:411 biological sample attributes 384:411 biological sample attributes 384:411 Visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical tool for objective analyses of biological sample attributes. 26249590 4 76 theme whole 748:752 arg1 flour 758:762 whole oat flour 748:762 whole oat flour 748:762 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 26249590 0 77 theme compositional 60:72 arg1 characterization 74:89 compositional characterization 60:89 compositional characterization of film biopolymers 60:109 VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of film biopolymers and correlation with their mechanical properties. 26249590 8 78 theme prediction 1333:1342 arg1 coefficients 1317:1328 coefficients 1317:1328 coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively 1317:1462 Results for regression models using the spectral information as predictor of tensile properties achieved satisfactory results, with coefficients of prediction (R(2)C) of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 (calibration models) for elongation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, respectively. 26249590 1 79 from interest 184:191 arg1 use 200:202 the use 196:202 the use of polysaccharides and proteins for the production of biodegradable films 196:276 There is an increasing interest in the use of polysaccharides and proteins for the production of biodegradable films. 26249590 3 80 theme materials 571:579 arg1 correlation 585:595 correlation 585:595 correlation 585:595 The objective is to investigate the potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties. 26249590 3 80 theme materials 571:579 arg1 characterization 537:552 compositional characterization 523:552 compositional characterization of biodegradable materials 523:579 The objective is to investigate the potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for compositional characterization of biodegradable materials and correlation to their mechanical properties. 26249590 9 81 with correlation 1489:1499 arg1 properties 1529:1538 tensile properties 1521:1538 tensile properties 1521:1538 Results corroborate the correlation of NIR spectra with tensile properties, showing that NIR spectroscopy has potential as a rapid analytical technology for non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of the films. 26249590 4 82 theme different 683:691 arg1 combinations 693:704 different combinations 683:704 different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid 683:809 Biofilms were produced by single-screw extrusion with different combinations of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, whole oat flour, glycerol, magnesium stearate, and citric acid. 27693553 2 0 theme adsorption-desorption 580:600 arg1 isotherms 602:610 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms 577:610 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms 577:610 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 5 1 theme dyes 1071:1074 arg1 removal 1026:1032 the removal 1022:1032 the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes 1022:1074 In these tests, PS-GO composite materials were found to be more efficient than as-prepared GO as adsorbents for the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes. 27693553 0 2 theme aqueous 84:90 arg1 solutions 92:100 aqueous solutions 84:100 aqueous solutions 84:100 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene oxide for adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 3 3 theme organic 681:687 arg1 dyes 689:692 four organic dyes 676:692 four organic dyes 676:692 The adsorption properties of PS-GO towards four organic dyes were investigated along with measured effects on adsorption by initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH value. 27693553 2 4 theme N2 577:578 arg1 isotherms 602:610 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms 577:610 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms 577:610 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 5 5 theme organic 1063:1069 arg1 dyes 1071:1074 both cationic and anionic organic dyes 1037:1074 both cationic and anionic organic dyes 1037:1074 In these tests, PS-GO composite materials were found to be more efficient than as-prepared GO as adsorbents for the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes. 27693553 3 6 theme adsorption 637:646 arg1 properties 648:657 The adsorption properties 633:657 The adsorption properties of PS-GO towards four organic dyes 633:692 The adsorption properties of PS-GO towards four organic dyes were investigated along with measured effects on adsorption by initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH value. 27693553 2 7 theme electron 516:523 arg1 SEM 537:539 SEM 537:539 SEM 537:539 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 2 7 theme electron 516:523 arg1 microscopy 525:534 scanning electron microscopy 507:534 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 507:540 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 3 8 theme measured 723:730 arg1 effects 732:738 measured effects 723:738 measured effects on adsorption by initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH value 723:817 The adsorption properties of PS-GO towards four organic dyes were investigated along with measured effects on adsorption by initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH value. 27693553 1 9 from solutions 308:316 arg1 removal 271:277 removal 271:277 removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions 271:316 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 2 10 dep Fourier 358:364 arg1 transform 366:374 transform 366:374 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum 366:630 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 2 11 theme scanning 507:514 arg1 SEM 537:539 SEM 537:539 SEM 537:539 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 2 11 theme scanning 507:514 arg1 microscopy 525:534 scanning electron microscopy 507:534 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 507:540 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 5 12 dep as-prepared 989:999 arg1 GO 1001:1002 GO 1001:1002 GO 1001:1002 In these tests, PS-GO composite materials were found to be more efficient than as-prepared GO as adsorbents for the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes. 27693553 0 13 from adsorption 52:61 arg1 solutions 92:100 aqueous solutions 84:100 aqueous solutions 84:100 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene oxide for adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 2 14 theme UV-vis 616:621 arg1 spectrum 623:630 UV-vis spectrum 616:630 UV-vis spectrum 616:630 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 1 15 theme graphene 190:197 arg1 oxide 199:203 graphene oxide 190:203 graphene oxide (GO) 190:208 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 0 16 theme polysaccharides-modified 8:31 arg1 graphene 33:40 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene 0:40 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene 0:40 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene oxide for adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 0 17 theme Natural 0:6 arg1 graphene 33:40 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene 0:40 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene 0:40 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene oxide for adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 3 18 theme PS-GO 662:666 arg1 properties 648:657 The adsorption properties 633:657 The adsorption properties of PS-GO towards four organic dyes 633:692 The adsorption properties of PS-GO towards four organic dyes were investigated along with measured effects on adsorption by initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH value. 27693553 1 19 theme organic 282:288 arg1 dyes 290:293 organic dyes 282:293 organic dyes 282:293 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 1 20 theme polysaccharide- 109:123 arg1 materials 150:158 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials 103:158 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) 103:166 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 1 20 theme polysaccharide- 109:123 arg1 PS-GO 161:165 PS-GO 161:165 PS-GO 161:165 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 2 21 theme X-ray 427:431 arg1 XPS 461:463 XPS 461:463 XPS 461:463 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 2 21 theme X-ray 427:431 arg1 spectroscopy 447:458 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 427:458 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 427:464 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 2 22 theme photoelectron 433:445 arg1 XPS 461:463 XPS 461:463 XPS 461:463 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 2 22 theme photoelectron 433:445 arg1 spectroscopy 447:458 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 427:458 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 427:464 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 1 23 theme dyes 290:293 arg1 removal 271:277 removal 271:277 removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions 271:316 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 0 24 from solutions 92:100 arg1 adsorption 52:61 adsorption 52:61 adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions 52:100 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene oxide for adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 0 24 from solutions 92:100 arg1 dyes 74:77 organic dyes 66:77 organic dyes from aqueous solutions 66:100 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene oxide for adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 1 25 theme graphene 125:132 arg1 materials 150:158 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials 103:158 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) 103:166 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 1 25 theme graphene 125:132 arg1 PS-GO 161:165 PS-GO 161:165 PS-GO 161:165 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 2 26 theme electron 480:487 arg1 TEM 501:503 TEM 501:503 TEM 501:503 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 2 26 theme electron 480:487 arg1 microscopy 489:498 transmission electron microscopy 467:498 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 467:504 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 5 27 theme PS-GO 926:930 arg1 materials 942:950 PS-GO composite materials 926:950 PS-GO composite materials 926:950 In these tests, PS-GO composite materials were found to be more efficient than as-prepared GO as adsorbents for the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes. 27693553 1 28 dep oxide 199:203 arg1 GO 206:207 GO 206:207 GO 206:207 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 2 29 theme transmission 467:478 arg1 TEM 501:503 TEM 501:503 TEM 501:503 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 2 29 theme transmission 467:478 arg1 microscopy 489:498 transmission electron microscopy 467:498 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 467:504 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 1 30 theme aqueous 300:306 arg1 solutions 308:316 aqueous solutions 300:316 aqueous solutions 300:316 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 1 31 theme natural 214:220 arg1 polysaccharides 222:236 natural polysaccharides 214:236 natural polysaccharides 214:236 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 0 32 theme organic 66:72 arg1 dyes 74:77 organic dyes 66:77 organic dyes from aqueous solutions 66:100 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene oxide for adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 5 33 located found 957:961 arg2 materials 942:950 PS-GO composite materials 926:950 PS-GO composite materials 926:950 In these tests, PS-GO composite materials were found to be more efficient than as-prepared GO as adsorbents for the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes. 27693553 5 33 located found 957:961 arg1 tests 919:923 these tests 913:923 these tests 913:923 In these tests, PS-GO composite materials were found to be more efficient than as-prepared GO as adsorbents for the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes. 27693553 3 34 theme initial 757:763 arg1 concentration 765:777 initial concentration 757:777 initial concentration 757:777 The adsorption properties of PS-GO towards four organic dyes were investigated along with measured effects on adsorption by initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH value. 27693553 4 35 theme adsorption 830:839 arg1 isotherms 841:849 adsorption isotherms 830:849 adsorption isotherms 830:849 Resulting adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics and kinetics were analyzed systematically. 27693553 1 36 theme oxide 134:138 arg1 materials 150:158 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials 103:158 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) 103:166 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 1 36 theme oxide 134:138 arg1 PS-GO 161:165 PS-GO 161:165 PS-GO 161:165 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 5 37 theme cationic 1042:1049 arg1 dyes 1071:1074 both cationic and anionic organic dyes 1037:1074 both cationic and anionic organic dyes 1037:1074 In these tests, PS-GO composite materials were found to be more efficient than as-prepared GO as adsorbents for the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes. 27693553 1 38 theme composite 140:148 arg1 materials 150:158 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials 103:158 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) 103:166 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 1 38 theme composite 140:148 arg1 PS-GO 161:165 PS-GO 161:165 PS-GO 161:165 Three polysaccharide- graphene oxide composite materials (PS-GO) were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) and natural polysaccharides, which compounds were tested for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 5 39 theme composite 932:940 arg1 materials 942:950 PS-GO composite materials 926:950 PS-GO composite materials 926:950 In these tests, PS-GO composite materials were found to be more efficient than as-prepared GO as adsorbents for the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes. 27693553 2 40 theme thermogravimetric 543:559 arg1 analysis 561:568 thermogravimetric analysis 543:568 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 543:574 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 2 40 theme thermogravimetric 543:559 arg1 TGA 571:573 TGA 571:573 TGA 571:573 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 5 41 theme anionic 1055:1061 arg1 dyes 1071:1074 both cationic and anionic organic dyes 1037:1074 both cationic and anionic organic dyes 1037:1074 In these tests, PS-GO composite materials were found to be more efficient than as-prepared GO as adsorbents for the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes. 27693553 3 42 theme pH 810:811 arg1 value 813:817 pH value 810:817 pH value 810:817 The adsorption properties of PS-GO towards four organic dyes were investigated along with measured effects on adsorption by initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH value. 27693553 2 43 theme Raman 407:411 arg1 spectrometer 413:424 Raman spectrometer 407:424 Raman spectrometer 407:424 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 3 44 theme contact 793:799 arg1 time 801:804 contact time 793:804 contact time 793:804 The adsorption properties of PS-GO towards four organic dyes were investigated along with measured effects on adsorption by initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH value. 27693553 0 45 theme dyes 74:77 arg1 adsorption 52:61 adsorption 52:61 adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions 52:100 Natural polysaccharides-modified graphene oxide for adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. 27693553 3 46 from effects 732:738 arg1 adsorption 743:752 adsorption 743:752 adsorption by initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH value 743:817 The adsorption properties of PS-GO towards four organic dyes were investigated along with measured effects on adsorption by initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH value. 27693553 2 47 theme infrared 376:383 arg1 FT-IR 399:403 FT-IR 399:403 FT-IR 399:403 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 27693553 2 47 theme infrared 376:383 arg1 spectroscopy 385:396 infrared spectroscopy 376:396 infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 376:404 These adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectrum. 26213569 7 0 from increase 1417:1424 arg1 yield 1435:1439 sugar yield 1429:1439 sugar yield 1429:1439 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 1 1 theme such 320:323 arg1 walls 330:334 such cell walls 320:334 such cell walls 320:334 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 1 2 theme natural 156:162 arg1 recalcitrance 164:176 The natural recalcitrance 152:176 The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components 152:292 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 10 3 theme walls 2163:2167 arg1 down 2122:2125 breaking down the rigidity and resistance 2113:2153 breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls 2113:2167 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 8 4 theme hemicelluloses 1706:1719 arg1 walls 1678:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 4 theme hemicelluloses 1706:1719 arg1 removal 1695:1701 selective removal 1685:1701 selective removal of hemicelluloses 1685:1719 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 4 theme hemicelluloses 1706:1719 arg1 redistribution 1722:1735 redistribution 1722:1735 redistribution of phenolic polymers 1722:1756 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 4 theme hemicelluloses 1706:1719 arg1 exposure 1772:1779 increased exposure 1762:1779 increased exposure of cellulose 1762:1792 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 2 5 theme acid 344:347 arg1 method 385:390 an attractive method 371:390 an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides 371:482 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. 26213569 2 5 theme acid 344:347 arg1 DAP 363:365 DAP 363:365 DAP 363:365 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. 26213569 2 5 theme acid 344:347 arg1 pretreatment 349:360 Dilute acid pretreatment 337:360 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) 337:366 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. 26213569 8 6 theme cellulose 1784:1792 arg1 walls 1678:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 6 theme cellulose 1784:1792 arg1 removal 1695:1701 selective removal 1685:1701 selective removal of hemicelluloses 1685:1719 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 6 theme cellulose 1784:1792 arg1 redistribution 1722:1735 redistribution 1722:1735 redistribution of phenolic polymers 1722:1756 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 6 theme cellulose 1784:1792 arg1 exposure 1772:1779 increased exposure 1762:1779 increased exposure of cellulose 1762:1792 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 1 7 theme walls 330:334 arg1 deconstruction 302:315 deconstruction 302:315 deconstruction of such cell walls 302:334 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 11 8 theme microanalytical 2223:2237 arg1 techniques 2239:2248 the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques 2189:2248 the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work 2189:2270 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 9 9 theme further 1991:1997 arg1 yield 2005:2009 further sugar yield 1991:2009 further sugar yield 1991:2009 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 10 10 theme CONCLUSIONS 2012:2022 arg1 process 2050:2056 a highly effective process 2031:2056 a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls 2031:2167 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 10 10 theme CONCLUSIONS 2012:2022 arg1 DAP 2024:2026 CONCLUSIONS DAP 2012:2026 CONCLUSIONS DAP 2012:2026 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 11 11 theme microscopic 2207:2217 arg1 techniques 2239:2248 the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques 2189:2248 the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work 2189:2270 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 11 12 theme enhanced 2373:2380 arg1 digestibility 2392:2404 enhanced enzymatic digestibility 2373:2404 enhanced enzymatic digestibility 2373:2404 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 4 13 theme possible 729:736 arg1 impact 738:743 their possible impact 723:743 their possible impact on saccharification efficiency 723:774 The consequent morphological and compositional changes and their possible impact on saccharification efficiency were comprehensively investigated. 26213569 7 14 from enhancement 1306:1316 arg1 efficiency 1342:1351 the saccharification efficiency 1321:1351 the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h 1321:1387 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 7 14 from enhancement 1306:1316 arg1 % 1359:1359 51.20% 1354:1359 51.20% 1354:1359 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 1 15 theme complex 229:235 arg1 arrangement 237:247 arrangement 237:247 arrangement 237:247 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 4 16 theme morphological 679:691 arg1 changes 711:717 The consequent morphological and compositional changes 664:717 The consequent morphological and compositional changes 664:717 The consequent morphological and compositional changes and their possible impact on saccharification efficiency were comprehensively investigated. 26213569 7 17 dep pretreatment 1240:1251 arg1 170°C 1264:1268 170°C 1264:1268 170°C 1264:1268 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 7 17 dep pretreatment 1240:1251 arg1 H2SO4 1257:1261 1% H2SO4 1254:1261 1% H2SO4 1254:1261 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 5 18 theme transmission 920:931 arg1 TEM 954:956 TEM 954:956 TEM 954:956 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 18 theme transmission 920:931 arg1 microscopy 942:951 transmission electron microscopy 920:951 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 920:957 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 4 19 theme compositional 697:709 arg1 changes 711:717 The consequent morphological and compositional changes 664:717 The consequent morphological and compositional changes 664:717 The consequent morphological and compositional changes and their possible impact on saccharification efficiency were comprehensively investigated. 26213569 3 20 with samples 608:614 arg1 chemistry 653:661 chemistry 653:661 chemistry 653:661 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 3 20 with samples 608:614 arg1 structure 639:647 altered cell wall structure 621:647 altered cell wall structure 621:647 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 7 21 theme untreated 1446:1454 arg1 samples 1456:1462 untreated samples 1446:1462 untreated samples (11.80%) 1446:1471 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 7 21 theme untreated 1446:1454 arg1 % 1470:1470 11.80% 1465:1470 11.80% 1465:1470 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 3 22 theme cell 629:632 arg1 structure 639:647 altered cell wall structure 621:647 altered cell wall structure 621:647 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 6 23 theme M. × giganteus 1093:1106 arg1 DAP 1086:1088 DAP 1086:1088 DAP of M. × giganteus 1086:1106 RESULTS DAP of M. × giganteus resulted in solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids in a temperature-dependent manner. 26213569 9 24 theme inner 1832:1836 arg1 structure 1848:1856 inner cell wall structure 1832:1856 inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance 1832:1931 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 8 25 theme increased 1762:1770 arg1 walls 1678:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 25 theme increased 1762:1770 arg1 exposure 1772:1779 increased exposure 1762:1779 increased exposure of cellulose 1762:1792 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 7 26 theme saccharification 1325:1340 arg1 efficiency 1342:1351 the saccharification efficiency 1321:1351 the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h 1321:1387 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 7 26 theme saccharification 1325:1340 arg1 % 1359:1359 51.20% 1354:1359 51.20% 1354:1359 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 5 27 theme Raman 972:976 arg1 microscopy 978:987 confocal Raman microscopy 963:987 confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) 963:994 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 27 theme Raman 972:976 arg1 CRM 990:992 CRM 990:992 CRM 990:992 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 9 28 theme wall 1843:1846 arg1 structure 1848:1856 inner cell wall structure 1832:1856 inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance 1832:1931 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 8 29 theme plant 1559:1563 arg1 walls 1570:1574 plant cell walls 1559:1574 plant cell walls 1559:1574 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 9 30 theme mechanical 1911:1920 arg1 resistance 1922:1931 mechanical resistance 1911:1931 mechanical resistance 1911:1931 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 1 31 theme cell 203:206 arg1 walls 208:212 lignocellulosic plant cell walls 181:212 lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components 181:292 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 11 32 theme compositional 2348:2360 arg1 changes 2362:2368 compositional changes 2348:2368 compositional changes 2348:2368 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 0 33 theme enhanced 107:114 arg1 digestibility 126:138 enhanced enzymatic digestibility 107:138 enhanced enzymatic digestibility 107:138 Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 5 34 theme chemical 1041:1048 arg1 information 1050:1060 structural and chemical information 1026:1060 structural and chemical information 1026:1060 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 11 35 theme anatomical 2333:2342 arg1 influence 2320:2328 the influence 2316:2328 the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility 2316:2404 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 1 36 dep BACKGROUND 141:150 arg1 impedes 294:300 impedes 294:300 impedes deconstruction of such cell walls 294:334 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 5 37 theme microspectroscopic 850:867 arg1 microscopy 978:987 confocal Raman microscopy 963:987 confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) 963:994 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 37 theme microspectroscopic 850:867 arg1 microscopy 942:951 transmission electron microscopy 920:951 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 920:957 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 37 theme microspectroscopic 850:867 arg1 techniques 869:878 microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques 834:878 microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) 834:994 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 37 theme microspectroscopic 850:867 arg1 microscopy 903:912 fluorescence microscopy 890:912 fluorescence microscopy (FM) 890:917 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 6 38 theme hydroxycinnamic 1169:1183 arg1 acids 1185:1189 cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids 1155:1189 cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids 1155:1189 RESULTS DAP of M. × giganteus resulted in solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids in a temperature-dependent manner. 26213569 8 39 theme pretreatment-induced 1589:1608 arg1 loss 1634:1637 loss 1634:1637 loss in the matrix 1634:1651 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 39 theme pretreatment-induced 1589:1608 arg1 deconstruction 1610:1623 their pretreatment-induced deconstruction 1583:1623 their pretreatment-induced deconstruction 1583:1623 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 0 40 theme acid 85:88 arg1 pretreatment 90:101 dilute acid pretreatment 78:101 dilute acid pretreatment 78:101 Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 5 41 theme cell 1016:1019 arg1 wall 1021:1024 correlative cell wall 1004:1024 correlative cell wall 1004:1024 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 3 42 theme Miscanthus × giganteus 518:539 arg1 internodes 504:513 the internodes 500:513 the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, 500:564 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 0 43 theme Miscanthus × giganteus 17:38 arg1 deconstruction 50:63 Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction 17:63 Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction 17:63 Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 5 44 theme structural 1026:1035 arg1 information 1050:1060 structural and chemical information 1026:1060 structural and chemical information 1026:1060 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 11 45 theme crucial 2293:2299 arg1 information 2281:2291 information 2281:2291 information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility 2281:2404 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 2 46 theme polysaccharides 468:482 arg1 conversion 454:463 enzymatic conversion 444:463 enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides 444:482 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. 26213569 0 47 theme wall 45:48 arg1 deconstruction 50:63 Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction 17:63 Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction 17:63 Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 5 48 theme techniques 869:878 arg1 series 824:829 a series 822:829 a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) 822:994 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 9 49 theme resistance 1922:1931 arg1 damaging 1868:1875 damaging 1868:1875 damaging 1868:1875 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 9 49 theme resistance 1922:1931 arg1 loss 1903:1906 loss 1903:1906 loss of mechanical resistance 1903:1931 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 9 49 theme resistance 1922:1931 arg1 increase 1878:1885 increase 1878:1885 increase of porosity 1878:1897 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 0 50 theme dilute 78:83 arg1 pretreatment 90:101 dilute acid pretreatment 78:101 dilute acid pretreatment 78:101 Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 3 51 theme bioenergy 550:558 arg1 crop 560:563 a model bioenergy crop 542:563 a model bioenergy crop 542:563 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 3 51 theme bioenergy 550:558 arg1 Miscanthus × giganteus 518:539 Miscanthus × giganteus 518:539 Miscanthus × giganteus 518:539 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 7 52 theme 1 1254:1254 arg1 % 1255:1255 % 1255:1255 % 1255:1255 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 7 53 theme samples 1373:1379 arg1 efficiency 1342:1351 the saccharification efficiency 1321:1351 the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h 1321:1387 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 7 53 theme samples 1373:1379 arg1 % 1359:1359 51.20% 1354:1359 51.20% 1354:1359 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 10 54 theme cell 2158:2161 arg1 walls 2163:2167 cell walls 2158:2167 cell walls 2158:2167 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 2 55 theme attractive 374:383 arg1 method 385:390 an attractive method 371:390 an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides 371:482 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. 26213569 2 55 theme attractive 374:383 arg1 pretreatment 349:360 Dilute acid pretreatment 337:360 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) 337:366 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. 26213569 1 56 theme heterogeneous 269:281 arg1 components 283:292 heterogeneous components 269:292 heterogeneous components 269:292 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 1 57 theme lignocellulosic 181:195 arg1 walls 208:212 lignocellulosic plant cell walls 181:212 lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components 181:292 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 8 58 theme neighboring 1661:1671 arg1 walls 1678:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 58 theme neighboring 1661:1671 arg1 removal 1695:1701 selective removal 1685:1701 selective removal of hemicelluloses 1685:1719 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 58 theme neighboring 1661:1671 arg1 redistribution 1722:1735 redistribution 1722:1735 redistribution of phenolic polymers 1722:1756 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 58 theme neighboring 1661:1671 arg1 exposure 1772:1779 increased exposure 1762:1779 increased exposure of cellulose 1762:1792 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 10 59 theme cellulose 2089:2097 arg1 bioconversion 2072:2084 bioconversion 2072:2084 bioconversion of cellulose to glucose 2072:2108 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 6 60 theme temperature-dependent 1196:1216 arg1 manner 1218:1223 a temperature-dependent manner 1194:1223 a temperature-dependent manner 1194:1223 RESULTS DAP of M. × giganteus resulted in solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids in a temperature-dependent manner. 26213569 9 61 theme enzyme 1960:1965 arg1 access 1967:1972 enzyme access 1960:1972 enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield 1960:2009 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 7 62 theme optimized 1230:1238 arg1 pretreatment 1240:1251 The optimized pretreatment 1226:1251 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) 1226:1280 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 8 63 theme polymers 1749:1756 arg1 walls 1678:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 63 theme polymers 1749:1756 arg1 removal 1695:1701 selective removal 1685:1701 selective removal of hemicelluloses 1685:1719 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 63 theme polymers 1749:1756 arg1 redistribution 1722:1735 redistribution 1722:1735 redistribution of phenolic polymers 1722:1756 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 63 theme polymers 1749:1756 arg1 exposure 1772:1779 increased exposure 1762:1779 increased exposure of cellulose 1762:1792 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 11 64 theme relevant 2198:2205 arg1 techniques 2239:2248 the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques 2189:2248 the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work 2189:2270 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 7 65 from efficiency 1342:1351 arg1 72 h 1384:1387 72 h 1384:1387 72 h 1384:1387 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 8 66 theme selective 1685:1693 arg1 walls 1678:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 66 theme selective 1685:1693 arg1 removal 1695:1701 selective removal 1685:1701 selective removal of hemicelluloses 1685:1719 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 4 67 from impact 738:743 arg1 efficiency 765:774 saccharification efficiency 748:774 saccharification efficiency 748:774 The consequent morphological and compositional changes and their possible impact on saccharification efficiency were comprehensively investigated. 26213569 1 68 theme cell 325:328 arg1 walls 330:334 such cell walls 320:334 such cell walls 320:334 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 11 69 theme enzymatic 2382:2390 arg1 digestibility 2392:2404 enhanced enzymatic digestibility 2373:2404 enhanced enzymatic digestibility 2373:2404 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 2 70 theme Dilute 337:342 arg1 method 385:390 an attractive method 371:390 an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides 371:482 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. 26213569 2 70 theme Dilute 337:342 arg1 DAP 363:365 DAP 363:365 DAP 363:365 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. 26213569 2 70 theme Dilute 337:342 arg1 pretreatment 349:360 Dilute acid pretreatment 337:360 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) 337:366 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. 26213569 1 71 theme walls 208:212 arg1 recalcitrance 164:176 The natural recalcitrance 152:176 The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components 152:292 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 5 72 theme fluorescence 890:901 arg1 FM 915:916 FM 915:916 FM 915:916 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 72 theme fluorescence 890:901 arg1 microscopy 903:912 fluorescence microscopy 890:912 fluorescence microscopy (FM) 890:917 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 11 73 theme techniques 2239:2248 arg1 combination 2174:2184 The combination 2170:2184 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work 2170:2270 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 9 74 theme sugar 1999:2003 arg1 yield 2005:2009 further sugar yield 1991:2009 further sugar yield 1991:2009 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 3 75 theme samples 608:614 arg1 range 599:603 a range 597:603 a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry 597:661 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 4 76 from changes 711:717 arg1 efficiency 765:774 saccharification efficiency 748:774 saccharification efficiency 748:774 The consequent morphological and compositional changes and their possible impact on saccharification efficiency were comprehensively investigated. 26213569 10 77 theme effective 2040:2048 arg1 process 2050:2056 a highly effective process 2031:2056 a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls 2031:2167 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 10 77 theme effective 2040:2048 arg1 DAP 2024:2026 CONCLUSIONS DAP 2012:2026 CONCLUSIONS DAP 2012:2026 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 10 78 dep down 2122:2125 arg1 resistance 2144:2153 resistance 2144:2153 resistance 2144:2153 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 10 78 dep down 2122:2125 arg1 rigidity 2131:2138 rigidity 2131:2138 rigidity 2131:2138 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 4 79 theme consequent 668:677 arg1 changes 711:717 The consequent morphological and compositional changes 664:717 The consequent morphological and compositional changes 664:717 The consequent morphological and compositional changes and their possible impact on saccharification efficiency were comprehensively investigated. 26213569 3 80 theme wall 634:637 arg1 structure 639:647 altered cell wall structure 621:647 altered cell wall structure 621:647 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 5 81 theme electron 933:940 arg1 TEM 954:956 TEM 954:956 TEM 954:956 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 81 theme electron 933:940 arg1 microscopy 942:951 transmission electron microscopy 920:951 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 920:957 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 10 82 dep rigidity 2131:2138 arg1 the 2127:2129 the 2127:2129 the 2127:2129 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 3 83 theme altered 621:627 arg1 structure 639:647 altered cell wall structure 621:647 altered cell wall structure 621:647 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 9 84 theme occurred 1812:1819 arg1 changes 1821:1827 The consequently occurred changes 1795:1827 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance 1795:1931 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 8 85 theme changes 1538:1544 arg1 sequence 1526:1533 a sequence 1524:1533 a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose 1524:1792 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 0 86 theme deconstruction 50:63 arg1 Visualization 0:12 Visualization 0:12 Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction 0:63 Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 9 87 from changes 1821:1827 arg1 structure 1848:1856 inner cell wall structure 1832:1856 inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance 1832:1931 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 5 88 theme series 824:829 arg1 use 815:817 The use 811:817 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) 811:994 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 89 theme confocal 963:970 arg1 microscopy 978:987 confocal Raman microscopy 963:987 confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) 963:994 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 89 theme confocal 963:970 arg1 CRM 990:992 CRM 990:992 CRM 990:992 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 9 90 theme cell 1838:1841 arg1 structure 1848:1856 inner cell wall structure 1832:1856 inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance 1832:1931 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 8 91 theme cell 1565:1568 arg1 walls 1570:1574 plant cell walls 1559:1574 plant cell walls 1559:1574 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 7 92 theme sugar 1429:1433 arg1 yield 1435:1439 sugar yield 1429:1439 sugar yield 1429:1439 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 7 93 theme significant 1294:1304 arg1 enhancement 1306:1316 significant enhancement 1294:1316 significant enhancement 1294:1316 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 5 94 theme microscopic 834:844 arg1 microscopy 978:987 confocal Raman microscopy 963:987 confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) 963:994 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 94 theme microscopic 834:844 arg1 microscopy 942:951 transmission electron microscopy 920:951 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 920:957 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 94 theme microscopic 834:844 arg1 techniques 869:878 microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques 834:878 microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) 834:994 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 5 94 theme microscopic 834:844 arg1 microscopy 903:912 fluorescence microscopy 890:912 fluorescence microscopy (FM) 890:917 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 1 95 theme plant 197:201 arg1 walls 208:212 lignocellulosic plant cell walls 181:212 lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components 181:292 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 6 96 dep RESULTS 1078:1084 arg1 resulted 1108:1115 resulted 1108:1115 resulted in solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids in a temperature-dependent manner 1108:1223 RESULTS DAP of M. × giganteus resulted in solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids in a temperature-dependent manner. 26213569 4 97 theme saccharification 748:763 arg1 efficiency 765:774 saccharification efficiency 748:774 saccharification efficiency 748:774 The consequent morphological and compositional changes and their possible impact on saccharification efficiency were comprehensively investigated. 26213569 0 98 theme enzymatic 116:124 arg1 digestibility 126:138 enhanced enzymatic digestibility 107:138 enhanced enzymatic digestibility 107:138 Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 11 99 theme changes 2362:2368 arg1 influence 2320:2328 the influence 2316:2328 the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility 2316:2404 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 10 100 theme breaking 2113:2120 arg1 down 2122:2125 breaking down the rigidity and resistance 2113:2153 breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls 2113:2167 CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. 26213569 7 101 theme 4.4-fold 1408:1415 arg1 increase 1417:1424 4.4-fold increase 1408:1424 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield 1408:1439 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 2 102 theme enzymatic 444:452 arg1 conversion 454:463 enzymatic conversion 444:463 enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides 444:482 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. 26213569 5 103 theme correlative 1004:1014 arg1 wall 1021:1024 correlative cell wall 1004:1024 correlative cell wall 1004:1024 The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. 26213569 6 104 theme cross-linking 1155:1167 arg1 acids 1185:1189 cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids 1155:1189 cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids 1155:1189 RESULTS DAP of M. × giganteus resulted in solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids in a temperature-dependent manner. 26213569 9 105 theme porosity 1890:1897 arg1 damaging 1868:1875 damaging 1868:1875 damaging 1868:1875 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 9 105 theme porosity 1890:1897 arg1 loss 1903:1906 loss 1903:1906 loss of mechanical resistance 1903:1931 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 9 105 theme porosity 1890:1897 arg1 increase 1878:1885 increase 1878:1885 increase of porosity 1878:1897 The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. 26213569 0 106 theme cell 40:43 arg1 deconstruction 50:63 Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction 17:63 Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction 17:63 Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 6 107 theme arabinoxylan 1138:1149 arg1 solubilization 1120:1133 solubilization 1120:1133 solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids 1120:1189 RESULTS DAP of M. × giganteus resulted in solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids in a temperature-dependent manner. 26213569 7 108 theme % 1255:1255 arg1 170°C 1264:1268 170°C 1264:1268 170°C 1264:1268 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 7 108 theme % 1255:1255 arg1 H2SO4 1257:1261 1% H2SO4 1254:1261 1% H2SO4 1254:1261 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 8 109 from loss 1634:1637 arg1 matrix 1646:1651 the matrix 1642:1651 the matrix 1642:1651 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 6 110 theme acids 1185:1189 arg1 solubilization 1120:1133 solubilization 1120:1133 solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids 1120:1189 RESULTS DAP of M. × giganteus resulted in solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids in a temperature-dependent manner. 26213569 7 111 theme treated 1365:1371 arg1 samples 1373:1379 treated samples 1365:1379 treated samples 1365:1379 The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). 26213569 8 112 theme cell 1673:1676 arg1 walls 1678:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 neighboring cell walls 1661:1682 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 112 theme cell 1673:1676 arg1 removal 1695:1701 selective removal 1685:1701 selective removal of hemicelluloses 1685:1719 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 112 theme cell 1673:1676 arg1 redistribution 1722:1735 redistribution 1722:1735 redistribution of phenolic polymers 1722:1756 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 8 112 theme cell 1673:1676 arg1 exposure 1772:1779 increased exposure 1762:1779 increased exposure of cellulose 1762:1792 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 11 113 from influence 2320:2328 arg1 digestibility 2392:2404 enhanced enzymatic digestibility 2373:2404 enhanced enzymatic digestibility 2373:2404 The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility. 26213569 8 114 theme remarkable 1478:1487 arg1 improvement 1489:1499 The remarkable improvement 1474:1499 The remarkable improvement 1474:1499 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 3 115 theme model 544:548 arg1 crop 560:563 a model bioenergy crop 542:563 a model bioenergy crop 542:563 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 3 115 theme model 544:548 arg1 Miscanthus × giganteus 518:539 Miscanthus × giganteus 518:539 Miscanthus × giganteus 518:539 In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. 26213569 8 116 theme phenolic 1740:1747 arg1 polymers 1749:1756 phenolic polymers 1740:1756 phenolic polymers 1740:1756 The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. 26213569 1 117 theme components 283:292 arg1 distribution 253:264 distribution 253:264 distribution 253:264 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 1 117 theme components 283:292 arg1 arrangement 237:247 arrangement 237:247 arrangement 237:247 BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. 26213569 2 118 theme recalcitrant 408:419 arg1 barriers 421:428 the recalcitrant barriers 404:428 the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides 404:482 Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides.